bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Developing a realistic numerical equivalent of a GPR antenna transducer using global optimizers
Authors: Patsia Ourania , Giannopoulos Antonios , Giannakis Iraklis 
Published: October 2023

AbstractNumerical modelling of a ground‐penetrating radar (GPR) has been widely used for predicting and assessing its performance. As the transmitter and the receiver are the most essential components of a GPR system, an accurate representation of them should be included in a model. Simulating a real system is particularly challenging, especially when it comes to commercial GPR systems. A three‐dimensional model based on a 2000 MHz ‘palm’ antenna from Geophysical Survey Systems, Inc. (GSSI) is presented in this paper. The geometric features of the transducers were modelled via visual inspection, whereas their unknown dielectric properties were estimated using global optimizers in order to minimize the differences between real and synthetic measurements. In particular, the antenna was calibrated in free space and on top of a metal plate. Subsequently, the resulting model was successfully tested in various case studies to assess its performance. Models of two units of the same transducer were developed, showing that units of the same system in general are not identical. The results support the premise that global optimizers can be used to provide information on key aspects of the dielectric structure of the transducer and allow us to accurately model its behaviour in various environments.
Association of Autonomic Symptom Burden with Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss
Authors: Yang Chao‐Hui , Lin Wei‐Che , Chen Wei‐Chih , Luo Sheng‐Dean , Yang Ming‐Yu , Hwang Chung‐Feng , Chen Shu‐Fang 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the autonomic symptom burden in patients with sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) and its association with the severity and prognosis.Study DesignObservational prospective study.SettingTertiary academic medical center.MethodsPatients diagnosed with SSNHL at a single medical center completed the COMPASS 31 questionnaire, which assesses dysautonomia across 6 domains with 31 questions. A total COMPASS 31 score was calculated by summing the scores from each weighted domain. The treatment outcome was evaluated by the percentage of recovery, calculated as the hearing gain in pure tone average (PTA) after treatment divided by the pretreatment PTA difference between the 2 ears. We defined poor recovery as a percentage of recovery <80%.ResultsA total of 63 SSNHL patients were included. The mean COMPASS 31 score was 23.4 (SD 14). Patients with poor recovery had significantly higher COMPASS 31 scores than those with good recovery (mean 26.4 [SD 14.4] vs 16.9 [SD 10.4]; 95% confidence interval [CI] 2‐17). There was a negative association between COMPASS 31 score and both hearing gain (r = −.323, 95% CI −0.082 to −0.529) and percentage of recovery (r = −.365, 95% CI −0.129 to −0.562). Multivariate analyses of independent factors indicate that patients with higher COMPASS 31 scores had a greater risk for poor recovery (OR 1.06 [95% CI 1.003‐1.117]).ConclusionThis study highlights the association between autonomic symptom burden and poor hearing outcomes in SSNHL patients. The findings underscore the importance of evaluating autonomic function during the treatment of SSNHL.
Uncovering the proximal proteome of CTR1 through TurboID‐mediated proximity labeling
Authors: Chien Yuan‐Chi , Reyes Andres , Park Hye Lin , Xu Shou‐Ling , Yoon Gyeong Mee 
Published: October 2023

AbstractProtein‐protein interactions play a crucial role in driving cellular processes and enabling appropriate physiological responses in organisms. The plant hormone ethylene signaling pathway is complex and regulated by the spatiotemporal regulation of its signaling molecules. Constitutive Triple Response 1 (CTR1), a key negative regulator of the pathway, regulates the function of Ethylene‐Insensitive 2 (EIN2), a positive regulator of ethylene signaling, at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) through phosphorylation. Our recent study revealed that CTR1 can also translocate from the ER to the nucleus in response to ethylene and positively regulate ethylene responses by stabilizing EIN3. To gain further insights into the role of CTR1 in plants, we used TurboID‐based proximity labeling and mass spectrometry to identify the proximal proteomes of CTR1 in Nicotiana benthamiana. The identified proximal proteins include known ethylene signaling components, as well as proteins involved in diverse cellular processes such as mitochondrial respiration, mRNA metabolism, and organelle biogenesis. Our study demonstrates the feasibility of proximity labeling using the N. benthamiana transient expression system and identifies the potential interactors of CTR1 in vivo, uncovering the potential roles of CTR1 in a wide range of cellular processes.
Diverse Morphologies of Nb2O5 Nanomaterials: A Comparative Study for the Growth Optimization of Elongated Spiky Nb2O5 and Carbon Nanosphere Composite
Authors: Kommula Bramhaiah , Prabhu B Ramya , Kopperi Harishankar , Bhat Vinay S. , Hegde Gurumurthy , John Neena S. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractControlled synthesis and design of nanomaterials with intricate morphologies and active phases offer new prospects in harnessing their unique chemical and physical properties for various applications. Herein, a facile and efficient hydrothermal approach is reported for obtaining various complex Nb2O5 nanostructures, including thin sheets, thick flakes, spiky and elongated spiky sea urchin morphologies using urotropin as a growth‐directing and hydrolyzing agent in various mixed and pure solvents. The detailed structural and chemical composition, surface morphology and crystallinity of as‐synthesized Nb2O5 nanostructures are presented. The urotropin concentration, reaction time, and water‐ethanol solvent mixture play a critical role for obtaining the elongated spiky sea urchin morphologies. The spiky Nb2O5 structures show a pseudohexagonal phase with less urotropin content, while thin sheets are obtained with a higher urotropin concentration and are primarily amorphous. These structures undergo transformation in their crystal phase and morphologies during calcination at higher temperatures revealing the active role of urotropin in stabilizing them. A composite of spiky sea urchin Nb2O5‐carbon nanospheres (suNb2O5‐CNS) is achieved by in‐situ growth of Nb2O5 in the presence of CNS without compromising on morphology, phase, and crystallinity. suNb2O5‐CNS composite is shown to possess higher charge storage capacity compared to its constituents for supercapacitor applications.
Dynamic fracture of metal rods under overdriven effect of cylindrical detonation collision
Authors: Li Xiangyu , Liang Minzu , Tian Zhandong 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe collision of detonation waves is widely used in weapon design due to its ability to efficiently achieve an ultra‐high pressure region. This work discusses the dynamic fracture of metal rods under the collision of cylindrical detonations. In the experiments, the detonation wave collision is generated by detonating an explosive charge at its end position along two parallel initiation lines, which are detonated by a plane wave generator. The recovered metal rods were broken around their centers due to the superposition of detonation waves. A blue oxidation zone appeared at the fracture surfaces of steel rods in the contact zone under the charge, indicating the local existence of high temperatures. A finite element model was used to simulate and describe the dynamic fracture of metal rods caused by detonation wave collision. The three‐shock theory was used to examine the detonation wave collision. When the incidence angle was between 0° and 40°, the reflected shock wave pressure was approximately 2.1 times the CJ pressure. At an incidence angle of 44.84°, the ratio of Mach and CJ pressure reached a maximum of 3.1. The concentration degree of detonation pressure was developed to evaluate the superposition influence on the dynamic fracture of metal rods. The microstructure of fracture surfaces revealed that metal rods preferred shear fracture under high pressure concentration. With a low degree of pressure concentration, a brittle fracture may emerge. This research serves as a guide for designing and evaluating multimode warheads.
Experimental measurement and simulation of the biaxial mechanical properties of solid propellant HTPB
Authors: Jin Li , Yan Wei‐Xin , Fang Qin‐Zhi , Li Yang , Hu Qin‐Wei 
Published: October 2023

AbstractHydroxyl‐terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) solid propellant was widely used in carrier rocket and guided missiles, owing to its excellent mechanical properties. The material of HTPB subjected to complex load such as in the process of manufacturing, storage and transportation. Therefore, the mechanical properties of HTPB had important implications for the safety of structure and service life. The purpose of this work is to study the effects of different loading ratios and loading speeds on the biaxial tension of hydroxyl‐terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) solid propellant with a proper kind of biaxial tensile specimen and a high volume fraction three dimensional particle filling model of the material. The proper kind of biaxial tensile specimen with which the stresses in its central part could be obtained with the loads acted on each loading direction was designed and used in the study, and the strains in its central parts were obtained with digital image correlation (DIC) method. The stress‐strain relationship at each direction could be obtained by experiments. Experimental results indicated that the loading speed remarkably influenced the biaxial tensile behaviors of HTPB propellant at room temperature and at different loading ratios. The finite element simulation results demonstrated the accuracy of the biaxial experiment. Based on the experimental results, the particle debonding in biaxial experiments were analyzed and an equivalent Poisson's ratio parameter was proposed to evaluate the degree of debonding. The highly volume fraction three dimensional particle filling model provides a good simulation with experimental results and the equivalent Poisson's ratio parameter can conveniently and accurately determine the debonding of particles which is meaningful to the structure integrity assessment of HTPB solid propellant.
Analyzing organizational gaps in process accidents with FRAM: The case of the Imperial Sugar refinery explosion (2008)
Authors: França Josué Eduardo Maia , Vaz Maria Inês , Coutinho Brenda Rodrigues , Pina Luís 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis study presents a reanalysis of the Imperial Sugar refinery accident that occurred in February 2008, in Georgia, USA, using functional resonance analysis method (FRAM) and based on technical‐scientific materials and the official reports. This explosion was fueled by sugar dust in the packaging building of the refinery, causing 14 fatalities and injuring 38 workers. The purpose of this reanalysis is to seek factors and interactions that could not be well analyzed or evidenced using traditional accident investigation techniques, which are primally designed to analyze linear systems. This reanalysis with FRAM allowed us to perceive the influence of organizational elements, such as culture, in the accidental chain of the event, highlighting the need of a broader approach for accidents involving high‐tech process industries. In this sense, FRAM enabled a more comprehensive analysis of the complex functioning of process plants, for both normal operation and in emergency. It was noticed that the greater the complexity of work systems, the greater the interaction and variability between personnel, equipment, and systems, requiring analysis techniques and methodologies capable of recognizing the real complexities that take place in these sociotechnical systems, especially in high‐tech process plants, such as the sugar refinery in this case.
Active Learning in Physics: From 101, to Progress, and Perspective
Authors: Ding Yongcheng , Martín‐Guerrero José D. , Vives‐Gilabert Yolanda , Chen Xi 
Published: October 2023

AbstractActive learning (AL) is a family of machine learning (ML) algorithms that predates the current era of artificial intelligence. Unlike traditional approaches that require labeled samples for training, AL iteratively selects unlabeled samples to be annotated by an expert. This protocol aims to prioritize the most informative samples, leading to improved model performance compared to training with all labeled samples. In recent years, AL has gained increasing attention, particularly in the field of physics. This paper presents a comprehensive and accessible introduction to the theory of AL reviewing the latest advancements across various domains. Additionally, the potential integration of AL is explored with quantum ML, envisioning a synergistic fusion of these two fields rather than viewing AL as a mere extension of classical ML into the quantum realm.
Effects of regulation on open‐water flows in the lower Peace River, Canada, and implications for the recharge of Peace‐Athabasca Delta basins
Authors: Beltaos Spyros , Peters Daniel L. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractDownstream impacts of large hydropower dams are often neglected or underestimated, especially for areas situated at long distances from a dam. Naturalization of the flow hydrograph is an important step in assessing hydro‐ecological and socio‐economic impacts of regulation. Using reservoir inflows, a recently developed, lagged‐flow naturalization method is applied to the lower portion of the regulated Peace River, which forms the northern boundary of the Peace‐Athabasca Delta (PAD). The PAD is a Ramsar wetland of international importance that depends on overland flooding for recharge of its high‐elevation or “perched” basins. Such flooding can be caused by ice jams during the spring breakup of the ice cover or by exceptionally high runoff during open‐water flow conditions. Herein, the focus is on the latter type of event and the resulting recharge of basins located within the Peace sector of the PAD. For the period 1972–2017, regulation has reduced open‐water flow peaks by ~4100 m3/s on average, while limiting the possibility of overbank flooding from the Peace River during the summer. Consistent with earlier findings on spring breakup flows, naturalized open‐water peaks do not exhibit a temporal trend. Recharge of non‐perched basins can also occur with moderately high flows that cause no overland flooding but generate flow reversals in Peace River tributaries. In turn, this mechanism can deliver river water to various basins either directly or via connecting channels. Our results show that flow‐based variables that index the hydrological sustenance of non‐perched basins have been significantly reduced by regulation.
Evolution of Relaxor‐Type High‐k Dielectric in Bulk Pristine Cu2+ and Li+ Co‐Substituted Wurtzite ZnO
Authors: Singh Neeraj , Kumar Mridul , Singh Preetam 
Published: October 2023

AbstractDielectric constants determine the level of miniaturization in capacitive components involved in electronic devices. Cu‐Li co‐doping is attempted to introduce the multiferroic relaxor nature of dielectricity and dilute magnetism in the bulk material simultaneously as Li+ ion substitution in ZnO lattice is known to form acceptor states within the band gap of ZnO and paramagnetic Cu2+ present in ZnO lattice can introduce dilute magnetism. Phase purity and substitution of Cu2+ and Li+ ions in ZnO lattice along with oxide‐ion vacancy formation was confirmed using Powder x‐ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), and Energy Dispersive X‐ray analysis (EDX), X‐ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP‐MS) and Magnetic property measurement system (MPMS) studies. The dielectric constant (ϵr′) of bulk pristine Zn0.92Cu0.05Li0.03O and Zn0.9Cu0.05Li0.05O is found to be 18000 and 20000 respectively at 1000 Hz frequency at 600 °C. Both dielectric constant and dielectric loss were decreasing with increasing frequencies. The increase in dielectric constant (ϵr′) with increasing temperatures at different frequencies for Zn0.92Cu0.05Li0.03O1‐δ and Zn0.9Cu0.05Li0.05O1‐δ is likely due to the localized nature of hopping charge carriers in addition to interfacial polarization due to space charge. Tm was found to increase with increasing frequencies suggesting the relaxor nature of dielectricity in the Zn0.9Cu0.05Li0.05O1‐δ. Bulk pristine Zn0.9Cu0.05Li0.05O1‐δ also exhibits ferroelectricity at room temperature with remnant polarization Pr and Vc equal to 4.20e–02 μC/cm2 and 4.1e+03 V/cm at (30KV, 500 Hz) respectively. Zn0.9Cu0.05Li0.05O also shows the paramagnetic behaviour.
Visible‐Light‐Driven Gas‐Phase Hydrogen Sulfide Decomposition using Organic‐Inorganic Hybrid Photocatalysts
Authors: Katayama Tomofumi , Nagata Morio 
Published: October 2023

AbstractHydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a toxic gas generated by chemical and geothermal power plants and has an unpleasant odor. Even low concentrations of H2S can cause odor problems upon release into the atmosphere; therefore, the efficient removal of H2S is required. Photocatalytic H2S decomposition methods have been extensively investigated because they are energy‐efficient; however, most methods involve the degradation of a sacrificial reagent after alkaline adsorption and gas‐phase decomposition at relatively high concentrations of 100 ppm or more. Although H2S decomposition by TiO2 under low‐concentration conditions has been reported, H2S is decomposed by ultraviolet (UV) light irradiation because TiO2 is unresponsive to visible light. In this study, a composite catalyst is synthesized to achieve the gas‐phase decomposition of low‐concentration hydrogen sulfide under visible light. By combining carbon nitride (g‐C3N4) with a cadmium sulfide (CdS) photocatalyst, a g‐C3N4/CdS catalyst is obtained, which reduces 10 ppm H2S to less than 1 ppm. This effective and simple photocatalyst is suitable for mitigating the odor issue related to H2S.
I2/DMSO Promoted Metal Free Oxidative Reaction: Facile Synthesis of α‐Amido Hydroxyketones
Authors: Bhoge Satish , Singh Prabal Pratap , Das Deepak K. , Patra Ranjan 
Published: October 2023

Abstractα‐Amido ketones play a crucial role in the pharmaceutical industry due to their significance. The synthesis of these compounds under metal‐free conditions has been successfully achieved. An efficient hydrogen bond‐assisted method for synthesizing α‐amido hydroxyketones was developed using I2/dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) to promote oxidative reactions between various acetophenones and amides. This reaction occurs under mild metal‐free conditions, resulting in the production of the corresponding α‐amido hydroxyketones in significant quantities and with good to high yields. DFT studies have revealed that the H‐bonding interaction between the carbonyl oxygen and hydroxy group leads to the formation of stable α‐amido hydroxyketones, in contrast to α‐amido dione.
Optoelectronic Characterisation and Theoretical Insight into the Binding Mechanism of D‐π‐A Triphenylamine‐Organic Dyes for Dye Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Haridas Reethu , Ajikumar Nandu , Velore Jayadev , Philip Nisha Anna , Suresh Cherumuttathu H. , Soman Suraj , Yoosaf Karuvath 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThere has been a notable surge of interest in the field of dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) in recent years due to their remarkable performance in indoor/ambient and diffused light conditions. A significant portion of these highly efficient indoor DSSCs employs organic dyes based on triphenylamine. In this study, we present the findings of our investigation on two metal‐free D‐π‐A organic dyes, namely triphenylamine (YK 10) and hexyloxy‐substituted triphenylamine (YK 11), serving as electron donors. These dyes feature a 3,3′′‐dioctyl‐2,2′:5′,2′′‐terthiophene π‐spacer and cyanoacetic acid as the anchoring group. In order to comprehensively assess the relationship between the molecular structure, physical properties, and solar cell performance, we conducted in‐depth analysis involving photophysical, electrochemical, and theoretical studies. Our results indicate that these dyes possess the ability to effectively capture light within the visible spectrum and exhibit suitable energetic characteristics for efficient electron injection and dye regeneration. Through the utilization of density functional theory (DFT) modeling, we explored the interfacial adsorption configuration of the dyes on the TiO2 semiconductor, revealing the involvement of the cyano group in the anchoring mechanism for both sensitizers. Moreover, the intramolecular S…CN interaction in these dyes was verified through topological quantum‐theory‐of‐atom‐in‐molecule (QTAIM) analysis, which facilitates additional intramolecular charge transfer pathways. The DSSCs incorporating YK 10 and YK 11 demonstrated power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 6.42 % and 6.22 %, respectively, under full sun illumination (100 mW/cm2). Remarkably, under both standard 1000 lux CFL and LED illumination conditions, YK 11 exhibited superior performance with PCEs of 8.29 % and 5.89 %, respectively, surpassing the efficiencies of YK 10, which achieved 7.50 % and 5.09 % efficiencies under the same conditions.
Improved Photodynamic Therapy Based on Glutaminase Blockage via Tumor Membrane Coated CB‐839/IR‐780 Nanoparticles
Authors: Li Zhiyan , Li Xianghui , Lu Yanjun , Zhu Xudong , Zheng Wenxuan , Chen Kai , Liu Song , Wu Jinhui , Guan Wenxian 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPhotodynamic therapy (PDT) has promising applications. However, the lethal function of reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced during PDT is typically limited. This restriction is induced by oxygen shortage in the tumor microenvironment due to tumor cell hypermetabolism and reductive chemicals overexpression in tumor tissues. Glutamine (Gln) metabolism is crucial for malignancy development and is closely associated with redox. Herein, a novel nanoparticle (NP) named IRCB@M is constructed to boost PDT through dual effects. This NP simultaneously blocks aerobic respiration and inhibits cellular reduced substances by blocking the Gln metabolic pathway. Within the nanocomplex, a photosensitizer (IR‐780) and a glutaminase inhibitor (CB‐839) are self‐assembled and then encapsulated by cancer cell membranes for homologous targeting. The Gln metabolism intervention relieves hypoxia and decreases the levels of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) as well as reduced glutathione (GSH) in vitro and in vivo, which are the dual amplification effects on the IR‐780‐mediated lethal PDT. The antitumor effects against gastric cancer are ultimately evoked in vivo, thus offering a novel concept for enhancing PDT and other ROS‐dependent therapeutic approaches.