bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advances in wildlife abundance estimation using pedigree reconstruction
Authors: Rosenblatt Elias , Creel Scott , Gieder Katherina , Murdoch James , Donovan Therese 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe conservation and management of wildlife populations, particularly for threatened and endangered species are greatly aided with abundance, growth rate, and density measures. Traditional methods of estimating abundance and related metrics represent trade‐offs in effort and precision of estimates. Pedigree reconstruction is an emerging, attractive alternate approach because its use of one‐time, noninvasive sampling of individuals to infer the existence of unsampled individuals. However, advances in pedigree reconstruction could improve its utility, including forming a measure of precision for the method, establishing required spatial sampling effort for accurate estimates, ascertaining the spatial extent of abundance estimates derived from pedigree reconstruction, and assessing how population density affects the estimator's performance. Using established relationships for a stochastic, spatially explicit simulated moose (Alces americanus) population, pedigree reconstruction provided accurate estimates of the adult moose population size and trend. Novel bootstrapped confidence intervals performed as expected with intensive sampling but underperformed with moderate sampling efforts that could produce abundance estimates with low bias. Adult population estimates more closely reflected the total number of adults in the extant population, rather than number of adults inhabiting the area where sampling occurred. Increasing sampling effort, measured as the proportion of individuals sampled and as the proportion of a hypothetical study area, yielded similar asymptotic patterns over time. Simulations indicated a positive relationship between animal density and sampling effort required for unbiased estimates. These results indicate that pedigree reconstruction can produce accurate abundance estimates and may be particularly valuable for surveying smaller areas and low‐density populations.
A simple method for the assessment of electrophoretic mobility in porous media
Authors: Franck Nicolás , Vera Candioti Luciana , Gerlero Gabriel S. , Urteaga Raúl , Kler Pablo A. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractDeveloping paper‐based electrophoretic methods involve dealing with significant uncertainty levels when compared to their capillary counterparts. Critical information for developing these kinds of methods are the electrophoretic mobility of background electrolytes and samples. This work presents the design and characterization of a device for measuring the electrophoretic mobilities of dyes in porous media. The device was developed with the aim of validating a previously presented model and also proposing a protocol for the straightforward determination of electrophoretic mobilities in porous media when open‐channel values are already known. Whatman #1 paper was used as a model substrate as far as it is the most common porous medium substrate for paper‐based electrophoresis. The device was designed using a numerical simulation–assisted approach, utilizing OpenFOAM® and specific solvers for capillary transport and electromigration, namely porousMicroTransport and electroMicroTransport, respectively. The electrophoretic mobilities of five dyes were analyzed experimentally with the proposed device. To establish appropriate comparative values at different pHs, experiments in fused silica capillaries were also performed. An effective parameter model for describing the electrophoretic behavior of dyes in porous media, that is, the constriction factor, was found consistent with previous reports for the Whatman #1 paper. This consistency was found after considering (via direct measurements) the chromatographic effect of the medium over each dye. Consequently, the recorded values hold significant worth due to their potential for direct application in designing new experiments or devices in Whatman #1 paper. With the validation of the model through the experiments with the proposed device, those researchers interested on developing electrophoretic methods in porous substrates can make use of the open‐channel electrophoretic mobilities reported in the literature, or in the well‐known software databases, and correct them for the media of interest just by performing two simple characterization steps.
Measurement of tensile strength of well cement sheath in underground gas storage based on tensile failure method
Authors: Song Wei , Ji Yueying , Zhu Kuanliang , Yang Yan , Zhou Yan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractDuring gas injection in gas storage, the inner pressure increase, potentially leading to tensile failure of the cement sheath. At present, the fracture strength of cement stone is measured using the Brazilian splitting method (BSM), which is prone to errors due to stress concentration at the loading point. To overcome this drawback, a novel test device and measurement method were developed to assess the tensile. This device utilizes the tensile failure method (TFM) to evaluate the sealing integrity of the cement sheath. The tensile strength tested by the BSM was found to be 40% higher than that tested by the TFM. Furthermore, based on the optimization of the cement slurry for underground gas storage (UGS) in the Jidong oilfield using both the TFM and the BSM. We found that using the BSM cannot optimize the cement slurry that meets the requirements for gas storage well cementing. The latex cement slurry was selected by the TMF for UGS well.
Cutaneous metastasis of urothelial carcinoma
Authors: Baczynski Alexandra , Medhus Emily , Skopis Penelope , Ahmed Aadil 
Published: October 2023

IntroductionCutaneous metastasis of urothelial carcinoma is a rare occurrence, accounting for a small percentage of skin metastases in cancer patients. This case presentation highlights the importance of considering cutaneous metastasis in patients with a history of urologic malignancy presenting with new dermal nodules.Case presentationA 79‐year‐old male with a history of papillary urothelial carcinoma of the bladder and metastasis to the rectum presented with a painful and pruritic rash in the right inguinal region. Physical examination revealed firm papulonodules forming confluent, hyperpigmented to violaceous plaques. A punch biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of cutaneous metastasis of urothelial carcinoma based on histopathological and immunohistochemical findings.ConclusionWhile cutaneous metastasis is uncommon in urothelial carcinoma, early recognition and diagnosis are crucial in guiding patient management and setting realistic expectations regarding prognosis. Timely identification of cutaneous lesions can help facilitate appropriate treatment decisions and discussions of goals of care.
Thermally treated biomass of pine (Pinus kesiya) leaves for effective removal of organic dyes from aqueous solutions
Authors: Huynh Phuong Thao , Nguyen Duy‐Khoi , Duong Bich‐Ngoc , Nguyen Phi‐Ho , Hong Phuong Nguyen Thi , Dinh Van‐Phuc 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDMethyl orange (MO) and methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solutions were effectively removed using thermally treated pine (Pinus kesiya) leaves. The influences of solution pH (2–10), contact time (10–240 min) and initial dye concentration (100–500 mg L−1) were found to be significant in the process of dye removal. The experimental data were fitted with four isotherm models (Langmuir, Freundlich, Sips and Temkin) and four kinetic models (Elovich, pseudo‐first‐order, pseudo‐second‐order and intraparticle diffusion). Some mechanisms of the MO and MB adsorption onto the adsorbent material were proposed and discussed.ResultsAmong the four isotherm models examined, the experimental data gave the best fit with the Langmuir model. The maximum Langmuir adsorption capacities were 136.99 mg g−1 for MO and 140.85 mg g−1 for MB. Kinetic studies illustrated that the biosorption of both dyes onto pine leaves aligns with Elovich, pseudo‐first‐order, pseudo‐second‐order and intraparticle diffusion models. Thermodynamic studies showed that the uptake of the two dyes was regulated by physisorption, and it was spontaneous and endothermic in nature. Electrostatic interactions, as well as other noncovalent forces such as π–π interactions and hydrogen bonds, were mechanisms of dye adsorption on heat‐treated pine leaf biomass.ConclusionThe present study suggests that pine leaves could be a potential biosorbent for wastewater treatment due to their high availability and production, resulting in several environmental advantages. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
The Golgi complex of dopaminergic enteric neurons is fragmented in a hemiparkinsonian rat model
Authors: Cara‐Esteban Mireia , Marín María Pilar , Martínez‐Alonso Emma , Martínez‐Bellver Sergio , Teruel‐Martí Vicent , Martínez‐Menárguez José A. , Tomás Mónica 
Published: October 2023

AbstractSince gastrointestinal disorders are early consequences of Parkinson's disease (PD), this disease is clearly not restricted to the central nervous system (CNS), but also significantly affects the enteric nervous system (ENS). Large aggregates of the protein α‐synuclein forming Lewy bodies, the prototypical cytopathological marker of this disease, have been observed in enteric nervous plexuses. However, their value in early prognosis is controversial. The Golgi complex (GC) of nigral neurons appears fragmented in Parkinson's disease, a characteristic common in most neurodegenerative diseases. In addition, the distribution and levels of regulatory proteins such as Rabs and SNAREs are altered, suggesting that PD is a membrane traffic‐related pathology. Whether the GC of enteric dopaminergic neurons is affected by the disease has not yet been analyzed. In the present study, dopaminergic neurons in colon nervous plexuses behave as nigral neurons in a hemiparkinsonian rat model based on the injection of the toxin 6‐OHDA. Their GCs are fragmented, and some regulatory proteins' distribution and expression levels are altered. The putative mechanisms of the transmission of the neurotoxin to the ENS are discussed. Our results support the possibility that GC structure and the level of some proteins, especially syntaxin 5, could be helpful as early indicators of the disease.Research Highlights
The Golgi complexes of enteric dopaminergic neurons appear fragmented in a Parkinson's disease rat model.
Our results support the hypothesis that the Golgi complex structure and levels of Rab1 and syntaxin 5 could be helpful as early indicators of the disease.
Heat waves in Florida and their future from high‐resolution regional climate model integrations
Authors: Beasley Parker , Misra Vasubandhu , Jayasankar C. B. , Bhardwaj Amit 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis study examines the simulation of the heatwave events over Florida from the integration of two regional climate models (RCMs) at comparatively high resolution (at 10 km grid spacing) for two decades of the current climate (1986–2005) followed by their projection in the mid‐21st century (2041–2060). The two RCMs are coupled ocean–atmosphere (CRSM) and atmosphere only (URSM), which are forced at the lateral boundaries by the corresponding simulation of the Community Climate System Model v4 (CCSM4) for both the atmosphere and the ocean. The analysis reveals a reasonable simulation of the frequency, intensity and characteristic kinematic and thermodynamic features of the heatwave events over Florida from both the RCMs with the differences between URSM and CRSM being insignificant. The future projections (2041–2060) are presented only for URSM since the projected differences from CRSM were insignificant. We found the projected change of higher frequency ranging between 20 to over 50% increase relative to the late 20th‐century frequency of heatwave events. Similarly, the projections suggest a broadening of the season of their occurrence by over 2 months. These projected changes are associated with a projected increase in the mean surface temperature, a slight increase of surface humidity but with a mean reduction of surface relative humidity, and a westward dislocation of the North Atlantic Subtropical High.
Association between a novel nutrition‐inflammation prognostic grading system and overall survival in hospitalized adults with cancer: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Huang Jia‐Xin , Zhang Xi , Tang Meng , Zhang Qi , Deng Li , Song Chun‐Hua , Li Wei , Yang Min , Shi Han‐Ping , Cong Ming‐Hua 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundMalnutrition and increased systemic inflammatory responses are highly prevalent in patients with cancer and they have a negative effect on prognosis. We aimed to develop a nutrition‐inflammation prognostic grading system (NIPGS) for patients with cancer, which incorporates the Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 (NRS 2002) and C‐reactive protein (CRP) levels.MethodsThis multicenter retrospective cohort study totally included 6891 patients diagnosed with cancer. A 4 × 4 matrix incorporating the four NRS 2002 categories within each of the four CRP categories was constructed. Groups with approximate hazard ratios (HRs) were clustered into one grade. The NIPGS consists of four grades, with the survival rate gradually decreasing from Grades 1 to 4. The primary outcome was overall survival (OS) and comprehensive survival analyses were performed.ResultsDuring a median follow‐up of 18.70 months, 2818 death cases occurred. Kaplan–Meier curve showed the survival rate decreased from Grades 1 to 4 of NIPGS (P < 0.001). The NIPGS was an independent risk factor associated with OS adjusting for confounders, with HRs increasing from 1.22 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.09–1.36; P < 0.001) in Grade 2, 1.58 (95% CI, 1.39–1.80; P < 0.001) in Grade 3 to 1.92 (95% CI, 1.73–2.13; P < 0.001) in Grade 4. A high NIPGS grade was also associated with an increased risk of short‐term mortality, poor quality of life, and longer hospital stay and expenses. Two internal validation cohorts confirmed the results of our study.ConclusionThe NIPGS could be an effective prognostic tool for patients with cancer.
Is the Presence of Levator Ani Muscle Avulsion Relevant for the Diagnosis of Uterine Prolapse?
Authors: García‐Mejido José Antonio , Martín‐Martinez Alicia , García‐Jimenez Rocío , González‐Diaz Enrique , Núñez‐Matas María José , Fernández‐Palacín Fernando , Carballo‐Rastrilla Sonia , Fernández‐Fernández Camino , Sainz‐Bueno José Antonio 
Published: October 2023

ObjectiveTo determine if the addition of the assessment of levator ani muscle (LAM) avulsion to the measurement of the difference in the pubis‐uterine fundus distance between rest and with the Valsalva maneuver could increase the diagnostic capacity of ultrasound for uterine prolapse (UP).MethodsThis multicenter, observational and prospective study included 145 patients. Ultrasound assessment was performed, establishing the diagnosis of UP as a difference between the pubic‐uterine fundus distance at rest and during the Valsalva maneuver ≥15 mm (standard technique), while LAM avulsion was defined as an abnormal LAM insertion in three central slices using multislice ultrasound. A binary multivariate logistic regression model was made using nonautomated methods to predict surgical UP (general population, premenopausal, and postmenopausal patients), including the difference between the pubis‐uterine fundus distance at rest and with the Valsalva maneuver as well as LAM avulsion.ResultsA total of 143 patients completed the study. The addition of LAM avulsion criteria to the standard dynamic distance‐based protocol for the diagnosis of UP resulted in a higher sensitivity for the general population (79.7 vs 68.1%) as well as for premenopausal (89.3 vs 79.9%) and postmenopausal patients (76 vs 66.1%). In contrast, the standard technique showed a higher specificity than the model based on the standard technique associated with LAM avulsion for the general population (89.2 vs 74.3%) and premenopausal women (91.7 vs 63.2%). For postmenopausal patients, the model based on the standard technique associated with LAM avulsion had a higher sensitivity (76 vs 66.1%) and specificity (91.7 vs 86.8%) than the ultrasound diagnosis of UP.ConclusionThe implementation of the assessment of LAM avulsion in the ultrasound diagnosis of UP is useful in postmenopausal patients, increasing sensitivity and specificity relative to the ultrasound assessment based only on the difference between the pubis‐uterine fundus distance at rest and with the Valsalva maneuver.
Determining what represents value in the treatment of prurigo nodularis and its key unmet needs in Spain through Multi‐Criteria Decision Analysis
Authors: Silvestre Juan Francisco , Tribó M. J. , Armario‐Hita José C. , Calleja‐Hernández Miguel Ángel , Ortiz‐Frutos Francisco Javier , Poveda José Luis , Shepherd John , Serra‐Baldrich Esther 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundPrurigo nodularis (PN) is a chronic, debilitating dermatologic disease characterised by the presence of highly pruritic nodular lesions. PN highly impacts on patients' quality of life as there are no specific treatments available in Spain.ObjectivesDetermine the main value drivers in the treatment of PN in Spain and its main unmet needs using Multi‐Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA).MethodsLiterature review to synthesise relevant evidence in an evidence matrix based on the MCDA EVIDEM framework adapted to Spain. A multidisciplinary panel composed of dermatologists, hospital pharmacists and a patient weighted (5‐point scale; 0 minimum importance, 5 maximum importance) and scored each criterion included in the framework (from −5 to 5 or 0 to 5 depending on the criterion). Results were discussed in a reflective group session.ResultsPN was considered a severe (3.3 ± 0.7) and infrequent (2.0 ± 0.7) disease, with high unmet needs (4.2 ± 0.7) mainly due to the lack of available treatments with specific indication for PN. Current off‐label treatments were perceived to have limited efficacy/effectiveness (1.8 ± 1.1), an unfavourable long‐term safety profile (2.1 ± 0.9) and low therapeutic impact (1.7 ± 1.1). The measure of patient‐reported outcomes (2.7 ± 0.9) was perceived as important, but available tools are not specific. Although the cost of available treatments was not considered high (2.4 ± 1.5), experts agreed that PN is associated with moderately high other medical costs (3.6 ± 1.1) and indirect costs (3.1 ± 0.9). Experts considered that current guidelines and consensus (2.6 ± 0.7) are not clear on severity criteria and treatment algorithm. The quality of evidence (1.4 ± 0.5) of currently used off‐label treatments was perceived as low due to a lack of published clinical trials.ConclusionsPN was considered a severe disease associated with relevant unmet needs, including the lack of specific and effective treatments for PN, the lack of consensus on the disease definition, defined severity criteria, prevalence estimations and awareness of PN in Spain.
Reaching High Piezoelectric Performance with Rotating Directional‐Field‐Aligned PVDF–MoS2 Piezo‐Polymer Applicable for Large‐Area Flexible Electronics
Authors: Srivastava Mayuri , Kumar Sushil , Yousuf Mujeeb , Kumar Bipin , Singh Pushpapraj , Wazed Ali Syed 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWearable electronics and smart harvesting textile studies require a material system that resists physical stimulation. Such applications require receptive piezo‐polymers, and their activation‐free preparation that can translate into a continuous large‐area film. In this work, it is discussed whether the β‐content of piezo‐polymer is extended with no use of any activation (i.e. poling), and if the β‐content increases, it can be processed over a wide range of surfaces like large‐area piezo‐film. Such prerequisites within polyvinylidene fluoride‐molybdenum disulfide ((PVDF)–MoS2) piezo‐polymer are thoroughly experimented here to develop a high‐performance piezo‐film. A MoS2‐mediated PVDF piezo‐polymer (termed as P+‐MoS2) is introduced, in which no extra β‐enhancement activation step is required after spin coating. Experimental results record β ≧ 80% which allows to harvest the voltage and current in the level of ≈17 V and 1 µA, respectively which satisfies 5 V supply voltage requirement of the current microelectronics, and internet of things (IoT). In addition, the capacitors having different capacities are charged using the developed nanogenerator to check its practical applicability. Therefore, the transition process of P‐MoS2 to aligned P+‐MoS2 due to passive interlocking (PiL) through rotating directional field is novel and found to be a principal reason for β‐enhancement in fabricated devices.
A three‐dimensional Magnetic Resonance Spin Tomography in Time‐domain protocol for high‐resolution multiparametric quantitative magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Liu Hongyan , van der Heide Oscar , Versteeg Edwin , Froeling Martijn , Fuderer Miha , Xu Fei , van den Berg Cornelis A. T. , Sbrizzi Alessandro 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMagnetic Resonance Spin TomogrAphy in Time‐domain (MR‐STAT) is a multiparametric quantitative MR framework, which allows for simultaneously acquiring quantitative tissue parameters such as T1, T2, and proton density from one single short scan. A typical two‐dimensional (2D) MR‐STAT acquisition uses a gradient‐spoiled, gradient‐echo sequence with a slowly varying RF flip‐angle train and Cartesian readouts, and the quantitative tissue maps are reconstructed by an iterative, model‐based optimization algorithm. In this work, we design a three‐dimensional (3D) MR‐STAT framework based on previous 2D work, in order to achieve better image signal‐to‐noise ratio, higher though‐plane resolution, and better tissue characterization. Specifically, we design a 7‐min, high‐resolution 3D MR‐STAT sequence, and the corresponding two‐step reconstruction algorithm for the large‐scale dataset. To reduce the long acquisition time, Cartesian undersampling strategies such as SENSE are adopted in our transient‐state quantitative framework. To reduce the computational burden, a data‐splitting scheme is designed for decoupling the 3D reconstruction problem into independent 2D reconstructions. The proposed 3D framework is validated by numerical simulations, phantom experiments, and in vivo experiments. High‐quality knee quantitative maps with 0.8 × 0.8 × 1.5 mm3 resolution and bilateral lower leg maps with 1.6 mm isotropic resolution can be acquired using the proposed 7‐min acquisition sequence and the 3‐min‐per‐slice decoupled reconstruction algorithm. The proposed 3D MR‐STAT framework could have wide clinical applications in the future.
Pronounced hyperostosis frontalis interna and co‐occurring lesions in the skull base suggestive of a pituitary tumor in a woman from medieval Germany
Authors: Flohr Stefan , Witzel Carsten , Kierdorf Uwe 
Published: October 2023

AbstractHyperostosis frontalis interna (HFI) is an osseous overgrowth characterized by symmetrical, irregular bone apposition on the internal table of the frontal bone, which preferentially occurs in females. In 1719, Morgagni described the condition as one sign of a triad comprising HFI, hirsutism, and obesity (Morgagni's syndrome). The etiopathogenesis of HFI is largely unresolved, but the condition is frequently associated with metabolic, endocrine, and neuropsychiatric disorders. In archaeological cases, which rely solely on dry bone diagnosis, the cause of HFI generally remains unknown, as is also the case regarding accompanying signs and symptoms. Here, we report a case of pronounced HFI in the skeleton of an old‐adult woman from medieval Hildesheim dating to the 8th to 11th century CE. In addition to HFI, the cranium exhibits resorptive lesions of the sella turcica with dehiscence of the roof of the sphenoid sinus. The co‐occurrence of these lesions suggests an underlying common cause for them. On the basis of differential diagnosis, we consider a functioning pituitary neuroendocrine tumor (PitNET) as the most likely common cause for the two conditions.