bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differentiating multi-MeV, multi-ion spectra with CR-39 solid-state nuclear track detectors
Authors: Schollmeier M. S. , Bekx J. J. , Hartmann J. , Schork E. , Speicher M. , Brodersen A. F. , Fazzini A. , Fischer P. , Gaul E. , Gonzalez-Izquierdo B. , Günther M. M. , Härle A. K. , Hollinger R. , Kenney K. , Park J. , Rivas D. E. , Scutelnic V. , Shpilman Z. , Wang S. , Rocca J. J. , Korn G. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe development of high intensity petawatt lasers has created new possibilities for ion acceleration and nuclear fusion using solid targets. In such laser-matter interaction, multiple ion species are accelerated with broad spectra up to hundreds of MeV. To measure ion yields and for species identification, CR-39 solid-state nuclear track detectors are frequently used. However, these detectors are limited in their applicability for multi-ion spectra differentiation as standard image recognition algorithms can lead to a misinterpretation of data, there is no unique relation between track diameter and particle energy, and there are overlapping pit diameter relationships for multiple particle species. In this report, we address these issues by first developing an algorithm to overcome user bias during image processing. Second, we use calibration of the detector response for protons, carbon and helium ions (alpha particles) from 0.1 to above 10 MeV and measurements of statistical energy loss fluctuations in a forward-fitting procedure utilizing multiple, differently filtered CR-39, altogether enabling high-sensitivity, multi-species particle spectroscopy. To validate this capability, we show that inferred CR-39 spectra match Thomson parabola ion spectrometer data from the same experiment. Filtered CR-39 spectrometers were used to detect, within a background of ~ 2 × 1011 sr−1 J−1 protons and carbons, (1.3 ± 0.7) × 108 sr−1 J−1 alpha particles from laser-driven proton-boron fusion reactions.
Clinical significance of BPI-ANCA in patients with cystic fibrosis: a single center prospective study
Authors: Iwuji Kenneth , Kanu Adaobi , Stroever Stephanie , Nugent Kenneth , Hamood Abdul , Scott Chris , Navarro Stephany 
Published: October 2023

AbstractRecurrent pulmonary exacerbation due to infection and inflammation remain the major cause of mortality and morbidity in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). Increased levels of BPI-ANCA have been linked to Pseudomonas colonization and pulmonary exacerbations in patients with CF. The majority of these studies were done in Europe, and it is unclear whether similar findings are true in CF patients who lives in United States. In our single center study of 47 patients with CF, the prevalence of BPI-ANCA was 19% at baseline and 15% at annual follow-up visit. Overall, there were no statistical differences noted in FEV1 and frequency of pulmonary exacerbations in CF patients who were positive for BPI-ANCA compared to those who were negative for BPI-ANCA. The role of BPI-ANCA in patients with CF still remains unclear.
An open GIS based 3D simulation software to predict cooling tower drift diffusion
Authors: Wang Xuan , Lv Minghua , Liu Shuhuan , Li Jing , Zhang Junfang , Meng Fanjun 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis paper developed XJCT-3D, a simulation software for cooling tower wet plume dispersion. By coupling it with the Open GIS component Dotspatial, we have achieved geospatial visual representation of the calculation results, which has solved the problems of low calculation efficiency and insufficient visual representation of the traditional CFD software in the calculation of cooling tower wet plume dispersion. In order to verify the validity of the XJCT-3D software simulation results, we have conducted tracer experimental data from the ChalkPoint power plant. XJCT-3D accurately models wet plume deposition during cooling tower operation. From the XJCT-3D calculation results, we have observed that the maximum value of the cooling tower thermal plume wet deposition occurs near 610 m with a maximum value of 6.9E−07 kg/m2 s. This finding suggests that the cooling tower emissions carry a significant load of particles or droplets that have settled on surfaces at this particular altitude. It provides insights into potential environmental and human health impacts and helps in identifying and assessing areas at relatively higher risk of deposition, such as nearby ecosystems, farmland, or urban areas. This information can contribute to the development of effective mitigation strategies and the implementation of appropriate measures to minimize the impact of cooling tower emissions.
Neurobehavioral effects of fungicides in zebrafish: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Reis Carlos G. , Bastos Leonardo M. , Chitolina Rafael , Gallas-Lopes Matheus , Zanona Querusche K. , Becker Sofia Z. , Herrmann Ana P. , Piato Angelo 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPesticides are widely used in global agriculture to achieve high productivity levels. Among them, fungicides are specifically designed to inhibit fungal growth in crops and seeds. However, their application often results in environmental contamination, as these chemicals can persistently be detected in surface waters. This poses a potential threat to non-target organisms, including humans, that inhabit the affected ecosystems. In toxicologic research, the zebrafish (Danio rerio) is the most commonly used fish species to assess the potential effects of fungicide exposure, and numerous and sometimes conflicting findings have been reported. To address this, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis focusing on the neurobehavioral effects of fungicides in zebrafish. Our search encompassed three databases (PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science), and the screening process followed predefined inclusion/exclusion criteria. We extracted qualitative and quantitative data, as well as assessed reporting quality, from 60 included studies. Meta-analyses were performed for the outcomes of distance traveled in larvae and adults and spontaneous movements in embryos. The results revealed a significant overall effect of fungicide exposure on distance, with a lower distance traveled in the exposed versus control group. No significant effect was observed for spontaneous movements. The overall heterogeneity was high for distance and moderate for spontaneous movements. The poor reporting practices in the field hindered a critical evaluation of the studies. Nevertheless, a sensitivity analysis did not identify any studies skewing the meta-analyses. This review underscores the necessity for better-designed and reported experiments in this field.
A surface treatment method for improving the attachment of PDMS: acoustofluidics as a case study
Authors: Al-Ali Abdulla , Waheed Waqas , Dawaymeh Fadi , Alamoodi Nahla , Alazzam Anas 
Published: October 2023

AbstractA method for a permanent surface modification of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is presented. A case study on the attachment of PDMS and the lithium niobate (LiNbO3) wafer for acoustofluidics applications is presented as well. The method includes a protocol for chemically treating the surface of PDMS to strengthen its bond with the LiNbO3 surface. The PDMS surface is modified using the 3-(trimethoxysilyl) propyl methacrylate (TMSPMA) silane reagent. The effect of silane treatment on the hydrophilicity, morphology, adhesion strength to LiNbO3, and surface energy of PDMS is investigated. The results demonstrated that the silane treatment permanently increases the hydrophilicity of PDMS and significantly alters its morphology. The bonding strength between PDMS and LiNbO3increased with the duration of the silane treatment, reaching a maximum of approximately 500 kPa. To illustrate the effectiveness of this method, an acoustofluidic device was tested, and the device demonstrated very promising enhanced bonding and sealing capabilities with particle manipulation at a flow rate of up to 1 L/h by means of traveling surface acoustic waves (TSAW). The device was reused multiple times with no fluid leakage or detachment issues. The utility of the presented PDMS surface modification method is not limited to acoustofluidics applications; it has the potential to be further investigated for applications in various scientific fields in the future.
Segmentation of Spoken Overlapping Ambiguity Strings in Chinese: An Eye-Tracking Study
Authors: Wang Youxi , Duan Suke , Ma Guojie , Shen Wei 
Published: October 2023

Purpose:
Using the printed-word paradigm with eye tracking, this study conducted three experiments to examine (a) how multiple words in spoken overlapping ambiguity strings (OASs) are activated, (b) how word frequency influences the word segmentation of spoken OASs, and (c) whether the multiple words in spoken OASs are activated competitively or independently.

Method:
In this study, participants listened to a four-character spoken OAS (ABCD) and were presented with a visual display composed of a semantic associate of the “middle word” (BC; Experiments 1 and 2) or the “left word” (AB; Experiment 3) and two distractors. In Experiment 1, the word frequency of the middle words was manipulated to be higher than that of the neighbor words. In Experiment 2, the word frequency of the middle words was manipulated to be either higher or lower than that of the neighbor words. In Experiment 3, participants listened to either spoken OASs (ABCD) or spoken unambiguous strings (ABEF).

Results:
In Experiment 1, we observed a significant semantic competition effect; that is, more fixations fell on the semantic competitors than on distractors, suggesting that the semantic information of the middle words in the spoken OASs was activated. In Experiment 2, the semantic competition effect was only observed in the high-frequency condition and was absent in the low-frequency condition. In Experiment 3, the results showed significant semantic competition effects for the left words under both conditions, and the observed effect was similar between the ambiguity condition and the control condition.

Conclusions:
These findings show that multiple words in spoken OASs are all activated and the activation level is modulated by word frequency. In addition, multiple words in the spoken OASs may be processed independently during spoken comprehension.
Vocabulary Instruction to Support Reading: A Clinician's Guide to Evidence-Based Practice
Authors: Duff Dawna 
Published: October 2023

Purpose:
The purposes of this tutorial are to (a) summarize the relationships between vocabulary and reading, in order to provide a justification for including vocabulary as part of literacy instruction and intervention; (b) outline ways to identify children with vocabulary deficits; (c) provide an overview of treatment for vocabulary intervention, which address the goals of developing word-specific knowledge, increasing awareness of the effect of context on word meaning, and developing the ability to infer the meaning of new words; and (d) outline evidence for a range of service delivery models for vocabulary intervention.

Method:
This tutorial includes a review of research related to vocabulary and reading development, strategies for identifying students who struggle with vocabulary learning, and intervention strategies that support vocabulary growth and reading development and role of the speech-language pathologist in vocabulary instruction and intervention.

Conclusions:
Vocabulary knowledge is critical to reading at all developmental phases. This tutorial outlines key information about vocabulary that speech-language pathologists can use to plan assessment and effective intervention for this foundational skill in written language.
Robust stabilization of LTI negative imaginary systems using the nearest negative imaginary controller
Authors: Mabrok Mohamed , Abdelrahim Mahmoud 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis paper considers the problem of robust stabilization of linear time‐invariant systems with respect to unmodelled dynamics and structure uncertainties. To that end, a methodology to find the nearest negative imaginary system for a given non‐negative imaginary system is presented first. Then, this result is employed to construct a near optimal linear quadratic Gaussian controller achieving desired performance measures. The problem is formulated using port‐Hamiltonian method and the required conditions are defined in terms of linear matrix inequalities. The technique is presented using the fast gradient method to solve the problem systematically. The designed controller satisfies a negative imaginary property and guarantees a robust feedback loop. The effectiveness of the approach is demonstrated by a simulation on a numerical example.
Classification Criteria For Early Knee Osteoarthritis: A Review
Article
Authors: Herrero-Manley Luz , Alabajos-Cea Ana , Suso-Martí Luis , Viosca-Herrero Enrique 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Objective The aim of this systematic review (SR) was to define the
“state of the art” on classification criteria for early knee
osteoarthritis (EKOA).
Methods A systematic review was performed using MEDLINE (Pubmed), Web of
Science, Scopus, EMBASE, PEDro, CINAHL and Google scholar databases. Two
independent reviewers conducted the eligibility review. Any type of study that
proposed diagnostic criteria of EKOA was included.
Results Seven articles were included according to the inclusion criteria.
The evidence presented in this SR shows that there is still no consensus
regarding definition and classification of EKOA. At present, there are seven
different proposals in the scientific literature, and they only agree on
including knee pain and radiographic evaluation in their criteria, but they do
not even consider the same situations for including these two factors.
Conclusion There is still no consensus regarding definition and
classification of EKOA. Knee pain and radiological assessment seem to be the
most commonly used criteria, but due to the variability encountered, it is not
possible to reach a consensus on a clear definition and diagnosis of EOKA.
The Ca2+/Calmodulin-dependent
Calcineurin/NFAT Signaling Pathway in the Pathogenesis of Insulin
Resistance in Skeletal Muscle
Authors: Danowska Magdalena , Strączkowski Marek 
Published: October 2023

AbstractSkeletal muscle is the tissue directly involved in insulin-stimulated glucose
uptake. Glucose is the primary energy substrate for contracting muscles, and
proper metabolism of glucose is essential for health. Contractile activity and
the associated Ca2+signaling regulate functional capacity and
muscle mass. A high concentration of Ca2+and the presence of
calmodulin (CaM) leads to the activation of calcineurin (CaN), a protein with
serine-threonine phosphatase activity. The signaling pathway linked with CaN and
transcription factors like the nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) is
essential for skeletal muscle development and reprogramming of fast-twitch to
slow-twitch fibers. CaN activation may promote metabolic adaptations in muscle
cells, resulting in better insulin-stimulated glucose transport. The molecular
mechanisms underlying the altered insulin response remain unclear. The role of
the CaN/NFAT pathway in regulating skeletal muscle hypertrophy is better
described than its involvement in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance. Thus,
there are opportunities for future research in that field. This review presents
the role of CaN/NFAT signaling and suggests the relationship with
insulin-resistant muscles.
Evaluation of a questionnaire to assess the indication for screening colonoscopy for asymptomatic patients
Authors: Phillip Veit , Hapfelmeier Alexander , Walter Benjamin , Schmid Roland M. , Rasch Sebastian 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Introduction Colorectal cancer is the second most common cause of cancer death worldwide. Screening colonoscopy is a very effective measure to prevent colorectal cancer and can reduce mortality at the population level. However, the participation rates of screening programs are low.To provide easily accessible information on screening colonoscopy and to increase the participation rates of screening programs, we developed a questionnaire for asymptomatic patients based on the German guidelines to assess the indication for screening colonoscopy. We evaluated the questionnaire with reference to the indications given by specialists in gastroenterology.
Methods Patients who visited a specialist in gastroenterology in an outpatient clinic of a tertiary hospital for other reasons than a colonoscopy were eligible for the study. A maximum of seven questions to assess the indication for screening colonoscopy were answered by the patients. Afterward, the indication for screening colonoscopy was given or not by a specialist in gastroenterology. The accuracy of the questionnaire was measured in terms of sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values.
Results In total, 335 patients were included in the analyses, of whom 50 and 285 patients were given and were not given an indication for screening colonoscopy by the specialists, respectively. In 0/50 patients, the questionnaire was false negative and in 8/285 patients false positive. Thus, the questionnaire had a sensitivity of 100% (95% confidence interval: 93–100%), a specificity of 97% (95–99%), a negative predictive value of 100% (99–100%), and a positive predictive value of 86% (75–94%).A subgroup analysis including patients who had never had a colonoscopy (n=109) showed comparable results: sensitivity of 100% (92–100%), specificity of 92% (83–97%), negative predictive value of 100% (94–100%), and positive predictive value of 90% (87–97%).
Conclusion The self-assessment questionnaire for asymptomatic individuals to assess the recommendation for screening colonoscopy is very sensitive and specific compared to a specialist in gastroenterology.The questionnaire can be found at:
https://www.interdisziplinaere-endoskopie.mri.tum.de/de/infos-patienten/index.php
Doctor, Will My Surgical Hardware Set Off Metal Detector in the Airport?
Authors: Reis Igor Guedes Nogueira , Guimarães Beatriz Marinho , Souza Samuel Henrique Ferreira de , Andrade Marco Antônio Percope de , Pires Robinson Esteves 
Published: October 2023

Resumo
Objetivo Verificar se implantes metálicos de uso rotineiro (aço inoxidável, liga de alumínio, cobalto-cromo-molibdênio e feitos de titânio) serão detectados em um aeroporto internacional do Brasil e gerar informações úteis para evitar transtornos ao paciente e apoiar os órgãos reguladores de segurança.
Métodos Estudo experimental, não randomizado, controlado e cruzado foi realizado recrutando dois indivíduos, um homem e uma mulher, para passar por um detector de metais padrão do aeroporto com implantes ortopédicos presos ao corpo. Foram testados implantes com diferentes composições, pesos e em várias partes do corpo.
Resultados De todos os implantes testados, não houve detecção de implantes para fixação interna, sejam de aço ou de titânio. O fixador externo foi detectado e a única diferença na composição é que o fixador externo testado é de liga de alumínio. Todos os implantes de artroplastia do quadril testados foram detectados. Dois implantes de artroplastia do joelho foram testados, e ambos eram feitos de cobalto-cromo-molibdênio, mas com especificações diferentes, e apenas um deles foi detectado.
Conclusões Neste estudo com implantes ortopédicos ex-vivo, verificamos que os implantes de osteossíntese compostos por aço inoxidável ISO 5832-1 não acionaram o arco detector de metais do aeroporto. No entanto, o fixador externo e as próteses articulares totais foram mais frequentemente detectadas.
Sjogren-Larsson syndrome brain volumetric reductions demonstrated with an automated software
Authors: Castro José Thiago de Souza de , Saab Camilo Lotfi , Souto Mariam Patrícia Auada , Ortolam Juliane Giselle , Steiner Carlos Eduardo , Rezende Thiago Junqueira Ribeiro de , Reis Fabiano 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background Sjogren-Larsson syndrome (SLS) is a neurocutaneous disease with an autosomal recessive inheritance, caused by mutations in the gene that encodes fatty aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH3A2), clinically characterized by ichthyosis, spastic diplegia, and cognitive impairment. Brain imaging plays an essential role in the diagnosis, demonstrating a nonspecific leukoencephalopathy. Data regarding brain atrophy and grey matter involvement is scarce and discordant.
Objective We performed a volumetric analysis of the brain of two siblings with SLS with the aim of detecting deep grey matter nuclei, cerebellar grey matter, and brainstem volume reduction in these patients.
Methods Volume data obtained from the brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the two patients using an automated segmentation software (Freesurfer) was compared with the volumes of a healthy control group.
Results Statistically significant volume reduction was found in the cerebellum cortex, the brainstem, the thalamus, and the pallidum nuclei.
Conclusion Volume reduction in grey matter leads to the hypothesis that SLS is not a pure leukoencephalopathy. Grey matter structures affected in the present study suggest a dysfunction more prominent in the thalamic motor pathways.
Brazilian experts' consensus on the treatment of infantile epileptic spasm syndrome in infants
Authors: Sampaio Letícia Pereira de Brito , Henriques-Souza Adélia Maria de Miranda , Silveira Mariana Ribeiro Marcondes da , Seguti Lisiane , Santos Mara Lúcia Schmitz Ferreira , Montenegro Maria Augusta , Antoniuk Sérgio , Manreza Maria Luíza Giraldes de 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background Infantile epileptic spasms syndrome (IESS) is a rare but severe condition affecting children early and is usually secondary to an identifiable brain disorder. It is related to psychomotor deterioration in childhood and epilepsy in adult life. Treatment is challenging as infantile spasms may not respond to most antiseizure medication, and relapse is frequent.
Objective To evaluate the literature regarding treatment of IESS and provide a practical guidance to a healthcare system with limited resources.
Methods An expert committee from the Brazilian Society of Child Neurology reviewed and discussed relevant scientific evidence in the treatment of IESS regarding the drugs available in Brazil.
Results Oral prednisolone and vigabatrin are the most common drugs used as first-line therapy; they are efficient and affordable therapy as both are available in the Brazilian unified health system (SUS, in the Portuguese acronym). Intramuscular adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) presents similar efficacy as oral prednisolone but has a higher cost and is not available in Brazil. Other antiseizure medications such as topiramate, levetiracetam, or benzodiazepines have limited response and are prescribed as adjuvant therapy. If the health service has nutritionists, a ketogenic diet should be implemented for those not responding to hormonal and vigabatrin treatment. Epilepsy surgery is mainly indicated for patients with focal lesions that do not respond to pharmacological therapy.
Conclusion Early treatment of IESS with efficient drugs is feasible in our country. Using standard protocols increases the odds of achieving complete cessation in a shorter time and decreases relapse.