bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A crustacean nitric oxide synthase expressed in nerve ganglia, Y-organ,gill and gonad of the tropical land crab,Gecarcinus lateralis
Authors: Kim Hyun-Woo , Batista Luisa A. , Hoppes Jodi L. , Lee Kara J. , Mykles Donald L. 
Published: July 2004

SUMMARYNO signaling is involved in many physiological processes in invertebrates. In crustaceans, it plays a role in the regulation of the nervous system and muscle contraction. Nested reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) and 5′ and 3′ rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) PCR generated a full-length cDNA sequence (3982 bp) of land crab NO synthase(Gl-NOS) from molting gland (Y-organ) and thoracic ganglion mRNA. The open reading frame encoded a protein of 1199 amino acids with an estimated mass of 135 624 Da. Gl-NOS had the highest sequence identity with insect NOS. The amino acid sequences for binding heme and tetrahydrobiopterin in the oxygenase domain, binding calmodulin and binding FMN, FAD and NADPH in the reductase domain were highly conserved. Gl-NOS had single amino acid differences in all three highly conserved FAD-binding sequences, which distinguished it from other NOS sequences. RT-PCR showed that the Gl-NOS mRNA was present in testis,ovary, gill, eyestalk neural ganglia, thoracic ganglion and Y-organ. NOS mRNA varied between preparations of Y-organ, thoracic ganglion and gill, while NOS mRNA was at consistently high levels in the ovary, testis and eyestalk ganglia. Immunohistochemistry confirmed that the Gl-NOS protein was expressed in Y-organ, ovary and gill. These results suggest that NOS has functions in addition to neuromodulation in adults, such as regulating or modulating ecdysteroid synthesis in the Y-organ.
Cardiac morphodynamic remodelling in the growing eel (Anguilla anguilla L.)
Authors: Cerra M. C. , Imbrogno S. , Amelio D. , Garofalo F. , Colvee E. , Tota B. , Icardo J. M. 
Published: July 2004

SUMMARY
The morphodynamic changes occurring during growth were evaluated in the eel(Anguilla anguilla L.) heart. Using an in vitro working heart preparation, cardiac performance of small (body mass 96.76±27.49 g; mean ± s.d.) and large (body mass 656±12 g; mean± s.d.) eels was compared under basal conditions and under loading (i.e. preload and afterload) challenges. A parallel morphometric evaluation of the ventricle was made using light and transmission electron microscope images.
The small eel hearts show a basal cardiac output lower than their large counterparts (heart rate fh, 38.93±2.82 and 52.7±1.8 beats min–1, respectively; stroke volume Vs, 0.27±0.017 and 0.37±0.016 ml kg–1, respectively; means ± s.e.m.). The two groups show similar responses at increasing preload, but differ remarkably at increasing afterload. Small eel hearts decreased Vs at afterload greater than 3 kPa, in contrast to larger hearts, which maintained constant Vs up to 6 kPa. These changes in mechanical performance are related to structural differences.
Compared with the small eels, the large eels show an increase in the compacta thickness and in the diameter of the trabeculae in the spongiosa,together with reduction of the lacunary spaces. The increased compacta thickness is attained by enlargements of both the muscular and vascular compartments and reduction of the interstitium; consequently, this layer appears more compacted. Both compacta and spongiosa show higher number of myocytes together with reduced cross-sectional area and myofibrillar compartment. The compacta also shows an increased mitochondrial compartment. Our results document a cardiac morphodynamic remodelling in the growing eel.
Defined Protein Conjugates as Signaling Agents in Immunoassays
Authors: Russell John , Colpitts Tracey , Holets-McCormack Shelley , Spring Thomas , Stroupe Stephen 
Published: July 2004

Abstract
Background: Conventional methods for conjugation of macromolecules, such as antibodies and reporter groups, typically yield a mixture ranging from unconjugated starting materials to large aggregates. We explored the use of a solid-phase process to allow improved control in conjugation of macromolecules for use in immunodiagnostic reagents.
Methods: Activated components were sequentially delivered to an immobilized core protein, linking in concentric layers. For immunodiagnostic reagents, proteins with the desired signaling properties were added as interior layers and binding proteins were placed in the final surface layer. After assembly, the conjugates were released into solution by cleaving the linker holding the core protein to the support. Conjugates were prepared with use of three different reporter agents: R-phycoerythrin for microsphere fluorescence flow immunoassay, alkaline phosphatase for enzyme immunoassay, and acridinium for magnetic chemiluminescence immunoassay. For each reporter, six conjugates were prepared with various concentrations of both the reporter and an antibody directed against the α-subunit of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), and the complexes were tested in appropriate assay formats for measurement of TSH.
Results: Products ranged in mass from ∼1 to ∼20 MDa. HPLC analysis of the conjugates on a gel-permeation column showed sizes and chromophore contents highly consistent with the intended structures. In appropriate assay formats, the signal generated by a conjugate increased with incubation time, then plateaued at an intensity approximately proportional to the reporter content but relatively independent of the antibody con-tent of the conjugate. The time required to reach this maximum decreased with increasing antibody content.
Conclusion: The high degree of structural control available with solid-phase assembly and the close correlation of structure with desired function of the resulting conjugates make this an attractive method for preparation of an important class of in vitro diagnostic reagents.
Comparisons of Fish Species Traits from Small Streams to Large Rivers
Authors: Goldstein Robert M. , Meador Michael R. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractTo examine the relations between fish community function and stream size, we classified 429 lotic freshwater fish species based on multiple categories within six species traits: (1) substrate preference, (2) geomorphic preference, (3) trophic ecology, (4) locomotion morphology, (5) reproductive strategy, and (6) stream size preference. Stream size categories included small streams, small, medium, and large rivers, and no size preference. The frequencies of each species trait category were determined for each stream size category based on life history information from the literature. Cluster analysis revealed the presence of covarying groups of species trait categories. One cluster (RUN) included the traits of planktivore and herbivore feeding ecology, migratory reproductive behavior and broadcast spawning, preferences for main‐channel habitats, and a lack of preferences for substrate type. The frequencies of classifications for the RUN cluster varied significantly across stream size categories (P = 0.009), being greater for large rivers than for small streams and rivers. Another cluster (RIFFLE) included the traits of invertivore feeding ecology, simple nester reproductive behavior, a preference for riffles, and a preference for bedrock, boulder, and cobble–rubble substrate. No significant differences in the frequency of classifications among stream size categories were detected for the RIFFLE cluster (P = 0.328). Our results suggest that fish community function is structured by large‐scale differences in habitat and is different for large rivers than for small streams and rivers. Our findings support theoretical predictions of variation in species traits among stream reaches based on ecological frameworks such as landscape filters, habitat templates, and the river continuum concept. We believe that the species trait classifications presented here provide an opportunity for further examination of fish species' relations to physical, chemical, and biological factors in lotic habitats ranging from small streams to large rivers.
Mitochondrial DNA Analysis Indicates Sea Lampreys Are Indigenous to Lake Ontario
Authors: Waldman John R. , Grunwald Cheryl , Roy Nirmal K. , Wirgin Isaac I. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractThe parasitic sea lamprey Petromyzon marinus occurs throughout North America's Great Lakes, where it has an immense economic impact on commercially and recreationally important fishes. Sea lampreys indisputably invaded Lake Erie and the upper Great Lakes from Lake Ontario in the mid‐1900s, but their official status as a nonnative species in Lake Ontario is based on circumstantial evidence and has long been subject to controversy. Presently, sea lampreys are considered by U.S. and Canadian government agencies to be an invasive species within the entire Great Lakes watershed, and millions of dollars are spent annually to suppress them. We sequenced 330 base pairs of the mitochondrial DNA control region of 224 sea lampreys collected from 10 locations (3 within the Lake Ontario drainage, 2 within the Lake Superior drainage, and 5 rivers between Quebec and New York that are tributary to the Atlantic Ocean). Eighteen haplotypes were revealed, of which 17 occurred in specimens from Atlantic coast rivers, 6 in specimens from Lake Ontario, and 2 in specimens from Lake Superior tributaries. Haplotype frequencies were not significantly different (P > 0.05) within regions, indicating low or no homing fidelity. But when haplotype frequencies were grouped within regions and compared along the hypothesized colonization pathway, significant differences were seen. Pronounced differences in haplotype frequency patterns between Atlantic coast and Lake Ontario drainage collections, together with arguments against the viability of canal passage, strongly support the idea of post‐Pleistocene natural colonization by one of at least three hypothesized zoogeographic pathways. If sea lampreys are indigenous to Lake Ontario, management policies aimed toward intense suppression might need reevaluation.
Timing of Adult Migration and Stock Structure for Sockeye Salmon in Bear Lake, Alaska
Authors: Boatright Chris , Quinn Thomas , Hilborn Ray 
Published: July 2004

AbstractSockeye salmon Oncorhynchus nerka returning to the Bear Lake system on the Alaska Peninsula exhibit a bimodal pattern of adult spawning migration timing produced by early and late migrants. We examined, by field observation of tagged adults, the relationship between adult migration date, breeding site, and breeding date for sockeye salmon returning to Bear Lake to assess stock structure within the system and determine whether distinct populations were segregated as they passed through the commercial fishery. Observed tag recoveries documented that (1) early and late migrants breed in different locations, (2) early migrants breed earlier in the reproductive season than late migrants (i.e., the chronological order of spawning followed the adult migration order), and (3) the adult migration has three major temporal components rather than two. Bear Lake's sockeye salmon population complex is composed of at least seven distinct spawning populations that display substantial temporal separation as they enter freshwater. The low level of abundance at the middle of the season is misleading; it is predominated by a single, discrete population rather than being merely a low point between two peaks. Given the brief (14‐km), low‐gradient migration from the Bering Sea to Bear Lake, the populations are probably segregated as they pass through the commercial fishery and thus the temporal distribution of fishery openings has the potential for disproportionate exploitation and reduction of representation by some genotypes.
Physical Activity and Cognitive Decline Among Older Adults
Authors: Iso-Markku Paula , Aaltonen Sari , Kujala Urho M. , Halme Hanna-Leena , Phipps Daniel , Knittle Keegan , Vuoksimaa Eero , Waller Katja 
Published: February 2024

ImportancePhysical activity is associated with the risk for cognitive decline, but much of the evidence in this domain comes from studies with short follow-ups, which is prone to reverse causation bias.ObjectiveTo examine how length of follow-up, baseline age, physical activity amount, and study quality modify the longitudinal associations of physical activity with cognition.Data SourcesObservational studies of adults with a prospective follow-up of at least 1 year, a valid baseline cognitive measure or midlife cohort, and an estimate of the association of baseline physical activity and follow-up cognition were sought from PsycInfo, Scopus, CINAHL, Web of Science, SPORTDiscus, and PubMed, with the final search conducted on November 2, 2022.Study SelectionTwo independent researchers screened titles with abstracts and full-text reports.Data Extraction and SynthesisTwo reviewers independently assessed study quality and extracted data. Pooled estimates of association were calculated with random-effects meta-analyses. An extensive set of moderators, funnel plots, and scatter plots of physical activity amount were examined. This study is reported following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) reporting guideline.Main Outcomes and MeasuresPooled estimates of the associations between physical activity and global cognition, as well as specific cognitive domains, were examined.ResultsA total of 104 studies with 341 471 participants were assessed. Analysis of binary outcomes included 45 studies with 102 452 individuals, analysis of follow-up global cognition included 14 studies with 41 045 individuals, and analysis of change in global cognition included 25 studies with 67 463 individuals. Physical activity was associated with a decreased incidence of cognitive impairment or decline after correction for funnel plot asymmetry (pooled risk ratio, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.97-0.99), but there was no significant association in follow-ups longer than 10 years. Physical activity was associated with follow-up global cognition (standardized regression coefficient, 0.03; 95% CI, 0.02-0.03) and change in global cognition (standardized regression coefficient, 0.01; 95% CI, 0.01 to 0.02) from trim-and-fill analyses, with no clear dose-response or moderation by follow-up length, baseline age, study quality or adjustment for baseline cognition. The specific cognitive domains associated with physical activity were episodic memory (standardized regression coefficient, 0.03; 95% CI, 0.02-0.04) and verbal fluency (standardized regression coefficient, 0.05; 95% CI, 0.03-0.08).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this meta-analysis of the association of physical activity with cognitive decline, physical activity was associated with better late-life cognition, but the association was weak. However, even a weak association is important from a population health perspective.
Circulating Tumor DNA Posttreatment Measurements and Clinical Correlates in Retinoblastoma
Authors: Abramson David H. , Robbins Melissa A. , Gobin Y. Pierre , Dunkel Ira J. , Francis Jasmine H. 
Published: February 2024

ImportancePlasma measurements of RB1 circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) after completion of treatment may be associated with the development of metastases in patients with retinoblastoma.ObjectiveTo determine if the absence of previously detectable plasma ctDNA is associated with metastasis-free survival in patients with a minimum of 1 year follow-up after treatment of retinoblastoma.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cohort study was conducted from June 2019 to September 2023. Patients with retinoblastoma who had measurable ctDNA levels at diagnosis and had repeated ctDNA measurements after ocular treatment (enucleation or intra-arterial chemotherapy) with a minimum of 1 year of follow-up (mean [SD], 28.2 [10.3] months) were included in the study. Patients were recruited from a single-center, tertiary cancer hospital.ExposureMemorial Sloan Kettering’s New York State–approved gene test, which interrogates 129 known cancer genes (called ACCESS), was performed on plasma samples before and after ocular treatments. All exons of the RB1 gene are included in the test and listed as ctDNA in this article.Main Outcomes and MeasuresPlasma ctDNA level before treatment, after completion of ocular treatment, and development or absence of metastases.ResultsA total of 24 patients (mean [SD] age, 20.7 [17.1] months; 15 female [62.5%]) were included in the study. None of the 23 patients who had a measurable ctDNA level and then no detectable ctDNA level after completion of ocular treatment developed metastases with a minimum of 1 year of follow-up. One patient had persistent measurable ctDNA after initial treatment and developed metastases.Conclusion and RelevancePatients with retinoblastoma who had a measurable ctDNA level at diagnosis did not develop metastases if the plasma ctDNA level became unrecordable after ocular treatment; 1 patient who had persistent measurable ctDNA after treatment did develop metastasis.
Combinatorial Screening of Biscarbamate Ionizable Lipids Identifies a Low Reactogenicity Lipid for Lipid Nanoparticle mRNA Delivery
Authors: De Lombaerde Emily , Chen Yong , Ye Tingting , Deckers Julie , Mencarelli Giulia , De Swarte Kim , Lauwers Heleen , De Coen Ruben , Kasmi Sabah , Bevers Sanne , Kuchmiy Anna , Bogaert Bram , Baekens Lies , Zhong Zifu , Lamoot Alexander , Sanders Niek N. , Lambrecht Bart N. , Baptista Antonio P. , De Koker Stefaan , De Geest Bruno G. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractMessenger RNA (mRNA) has emerged as a promising therapeutic modality for various diseases. However, efficient delivery of mRNA into target cells remains a significant challenge. In this study, the combinatorial synthesis and characterization of a novel series of ionizable biscarbamate lipids (IBLs) for mRNA lipid nanoparticle (LNP) delivery are reported. A simplified and scalable method is developed, resulting in IBLs suitable for formulating mRNA into stable LNPs. Two generations of IBLs are synthesized and evaluated for their mRNA transfection capacity in vitro, using eGFP as a reporter protein, leading to the identification of S‐Ac7‐DOG as a lead IBL. Upon intramuscular vaccination, S‐Ac7‐DOG LNPs instigated robust antigen‐specific CD8+ T cell responses against an mRNA encoded viral oncoprotein and a tumor neo‐antigen. In comparison to MC3 LNPs, which are used as a benchmark, S‐Ac7‐DOG LNPs exhibit low reactogenicity, robust mRNA transfection, and a distinct biodistribution, with higher accumulation in draining lymph nodes and spleen. These findings highlight the potential of IBLs as a novel and promising class of ionizable lipids for mRNA delivery in vaccines and beyond.
Elevating Cycle Stability and Reaction Kinetics in Ni‐Rich Cathodes Through Tailored Bulk and Interface Chemistry for Sulfide‐Based All‐Solid‐State Lithium Batteries
Authors: Lin Chunxi , Liu Yu , Su Han , Zhong Yu , Wang Xiuli , Gu Changdong , Tu Jiangping 
Published: February 2024

AbstractSulfide‐based all‐solid‐state lithium batteries (ASSLBs) featuring Ni‐rich layered oxide cathodes are emerging as the leading contenders for the next generation of rechargeable batteries with outstanding safety and energy density characteristics. However, the composites of Ni‐rich oxides and sulfide electrolytes continue to grapple with persistent challenges encompassing structural deterioration, adverse interfacial parasitic reactions, and sluggish kinetics within the carbon‐free cathodes. Here, a synergistic design to circumvent these issues via the coupling of Zr/F co‐doping and conductive cyclized polyacrylonitrile (cPAN) coating to tailor both the bulk and surface chemistry of the Ni‐rich layered oxide LiNi0.83Co0.12Mn0.05O2 (NCM83125) cathode is proposed. The cathode subjected to this coordinated modification strategy showcases exceptional performance in sulfide‐based ASSLBs. It demonstrates robust cycling performance, with a capacity retention of 95% observed after 300 cycles at a rate of 0.2 C, alongside satisfactory rate performance, achieving a capacity of 109 mAh g‒1 at a high rate of 3 C.
In Situ Rapid‐Formation Sprayable Hydrogels for Challenging Tissue Injury Management
Authors: Li Xiaolei , Lin Han , Yu Yilin , Lu Yukun , He Bin , Liu Meng , Zhuang Lin , Xu Yue , Li Weichang 
Published: February 2024

AbstractRapid‐acting, convenient, and broadly applicable medical materials are in high demand for the treatment of extensive and intricate tissue injuries in extremely medical scarcity environment, such as battlefields, wilderness, and traffic accidents. Conventional biomaterials fail to meet all the high criteria simultaneously for emergency management. Here, a multifunctional hydrogel system capable of rapid gelation and in situ spraying, addressing clinical challenges related to hemostasis, barrier establishment, support, and subsequent therapeutic treatment of irregular, complex, and urgent injured tissues, is designed. This hydrogel can be fast formed in less than 0.5 s under ultraviolet initiation. The precursor maintains an impressively low viscosity of 0.018 Pa s, while the hydrogel demonstrates a storage modulus of 0.65 MPa, achieving the delicate balance between sprayable fluidity and the mechanical strength requirements in practice, allowing flexible customization of the hydrogel system for differentiated handling and treatment of various tissues. Notably, the interactions between the component of this hydrogel and the cell surface protein confer upon its inherently bioactive functionalities such as osteogenesis, anti‐inflammation, and angiogenesis. This research endeavors to provide new insights and designs into emergency management and complex tissue injuries treatment.
Association between proton pump inhibitor use and the risk of hepatobiliary cancers: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Yi Tai‐Yung , Peng Tzu‐Rong , Wu Ta‐Wei , Wu An‐Jan 
Published: February 2024

AbstractProton pump inhibitors (PPIs) have become one of the most commonly prescribed medications worldwide. Although PPIs are generally considered safe and well‐tolerated, studies indicate that they may be associated with certain cancer types. This study aimed to examine the association between the use of PPIs and the risk of hepatobiliary cancer using newly available evidence. Effect sizes with their variances and other characteristics were extracted from 10 eligible studies appraised from combined search results published up to September 16, 2022, from PubMed, Cochrane library, and Google Scholar. Sensitivity and trial sequential analyses were also conducted to ensure the robustness of the synthesized results. The estimated pooled relative risk for this study was 1.69 (95% CI 1.44–1.98), and the test result for the overall effect was p < .01 under a zero effect null hypothesis. According to the sensitivity analysis, the results should be robust. A significant association was observed between the use of PPIs and the risk of developing hepatobiliary cancer. The use of PPIs should be determined by prescribers as either absolutely or conditionally necessary, and, when possible, a patient's perspective should be considered in the decision‐making process for PPI use.