bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intelligence and executive function are associated with age at insult, time post-insult, and disability following chronic pediatric acquired brain injury
Authors: Brandt Anne Elisabeth , Rø Torstein B. , Finnanger Torun G. , Hypher Ruth E. , Lien Espen , Lund Bendik , Catroppa Cathy , Andersson Stein , Risnes Kari , Stubberud Jan 
Published: January 2024

BackgroundPediatric acquired brain injury (pABI) profoundly affects cognitive functions, encompassing IQ and executive functions (EFs). Particularly, young age at insult may lead to persistent and debilitating deficits, affecting daily-life functioning negatively. This study delves into the intricate interplay of age at insult, time post-insult, and their associations with IQ and EFs during chronic (&gt;1 year) pABI. Additionally, we investigate cognitive performance across different levels of global function, recognizing the multifaceted nature of developmental factors influencing outcomes.MethodsDrawing upon insult data and baseline information analyzing secondary outcomes from a multicenter RCT, including comprehensive medical and neuropsychological assessments of participants aged 10 to 17 years with pABI and parent-reported executive dysfunctions. The study examined associations between age at insult (early, EI; ≤7y vs. late, LI; &gt; 7y) and time post-insult with IQ and EFs (updating, shifting, inhibition, and executive attention). Additionally, utilizing the Pediatric Glasgow Outcome Scale-Extended, we explored cognitive performance across levels of global functioning.ResultsSeventy-six participants, median 8 years at insult and 5 years post-insult, predominantly exhibiting moderate disability (n = 38), were included. Notably, participants with LI demonstrated superior IQ, executive attention, and shifting compared to EI, [adjusted mean differences with 95% Confidence Intervals (CIs); 7.9 (1.4, 14.4), 2.48 (0.71, 4.24) and 1.73 (0.03, 3.43), respectively]. Conversely, extended post-insult duration was associated with diminished performances, evident in mean differences with 95% CIs for IQ, updating, shifting, and executive attention compared to 1–2 years post-insult [−11.1 (−20.4, −1.7), −8.4 (−16.7, −0.1), −2.6 (−4.4, −0.7), −2.9 (−4.5, −1.2), −3.8 (−6.4, −1.3), −2.6 (−5.0, −0.3), and −3.2 (−5.7, −0.8)]. Global function exhibited a robust relationship with IQ and EFs.ConclusionEarly insults and prolonged post-insult durations impose lasting tribulations in chronic pABI. While confirmation through larger studies is needed, these findings carry clinical implications, underscoring the importance of vigilance regarding early insults. Moreover, they dispel the notion that children fully recover from pABI; instead, they advocate equitable rehabilitation offerings for pABI, tailored to address cognitive functions, recognizing their pivotal role in achieving independence and participation in society. Incorporating disability screening in long-term follow-up assessments may prove beneficial.
Nimodipine systemic exposure and outcomes following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: a pilot prospective observational study (ASH-1 study)
Authors: Mahmoud Sherif Hanafy , Hefny Fatma , Isse Fadumo Ahmed , Farooq Shahmeer , Ling Spencer , O'Kelly Cian , Kutsogiannis Demetrios James 
Published: January 2024

BackgroundNimodipine improves outcomes following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). Guidelines recommend that all patients should receive a fixed-dose nimodipine for 21 days. However, studies reported variability of nimodipine concentrations in aSAH. It is not clear if reduced systemic exposure contributes to worsening outcomes. The aim of this study was to compare nimodipine systemic exposure in those who experienced poor outcomes to those who experienced favorable outcomes.MethodsThis was a pilot prospective observational study in 30 adult patients admitted to the University of Alberta Hospital with aSAH. Data were collected from the electronic health records following enrollment. Blood samples were collected around one nimodipine 60 mg dose at a steady state, and nimodipine [total, (+)-R and (−)-S enantiomers] plasma concentrations were determined. The poor outcome was defined as a modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score at 90 days of 3-6, while the favorable outcome was an mRS score of 0-2. The correlation between nimodipine concentrations and percent changes in mean arterial pressure (MAP) before and after nimodipine administration was also determined. Furthermore, covariates potentially associated with nimodipine exposure were explored.ResultsIn total, 20 (69%) participants had favorable outcomes and 9 (31%) had poor outcomes. Following the exclusion of those with delayed presentation (&gt;96 h from aSAH onset), among those presented with the World Federation of Neurological Surgeons (WFNS) grade 3–5, nimodipine median (interquartile range) area under the concentration time curve (AUC0-3h) in those with favorable outcomes were 4-fold higher than in those with poor outcomes [136 (52–192) vs. 33 (23–39) ng.h/mL, respectively, value of p = 0.2]. On the other hand, among those presented with WFNS grade 1–2, nimodipine AUC0-3h in those with favorable outcomes were significantly lower than in those with poor outcomes [30 (28–36) vs. 172 (117–308) ng.h/mL, respectively, value of p = 0.03)]. (+)-R-nimodipine AUC0-3h in those who did not develop vasospasm were 4-fold significantly higher than those who had vasospasm (value of p = 0.047). (−)-S-nimodipine was significantly correlated with percentage MAP reduction. Similar results were obtained when the whole cohort was analyzed.ConclusionThe study was the first to investigate the potential association between nimodipine exposure following oral dosing and outcomes. In addition, it suggests differential effects of nimodipine enantiomers, shedding light on the potential utility of nimodipine enantiomers. Larger studies are needed.
Association between migraine and epilepsy: a meta-analysis
Authors: Wu Xiaohui , Zhuang Jiaxin 
Published: January 2024

BackgroundEpidemiological studies have demonstrated a comorbid association between migraine and epilepsy. However, despite the long history of this association, the exact nature of the relationship between migraine and epilepsy remains largely unresolved. Therefore, it is crucial to conduct a meta-analysis in order to thoroughly investigate the relationship between migraine and epilepsy.MethodsOdds ratios (ORs) or relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) regarding association between migraine and epilepsy were summarized using STATA 12.0 software.ResultsThere was an 80% increase in the lifetime prevalence of migraine among patients with epilepsy, compared to those without epilepsy with a random effects model (OR/RR: 1.80, 95% CI: 1.35 to 2.40, I2 = 97.5%, p &lt; 0.001). There was an 80% increase in the lifetime prevalence of epilepsy among patients with migraine, compared to those without migraine with a random effects model (OR/RR: 1.80, 95% CI: 1.43 to 2.25, I2 = 80.6%, p &lt; 0.001).ConclusionsIt is important to note the comorbid association between migraine and epilepsy examined in the study.
Peripheral and central changes induced by neural mobilization in animal models of neuropathic pain: a systematic review
Authors: Salniccia Federico , de Vidania Silvia , Martinez-Caro Leticia 
Published: January 2024

IntroductionNeural mobilization (NM) is a physiotherapy technique involving the passive mobilization of limb nerve structures with the aim to attempt to restore normal movement and structural properties. In recent years, human studies have shown pain relief in various neuropathic diseases and other pathologies as a result of this technique. Improvement in the range of motion (ROM), muscle strength and endurance, limb function, and postural control were considered beneficial effects of NM. To determine which systems generate these effects, it is necessary to conduct studies using animal models. The objective of this study was to gather information on the physiological effects of NM on the peripheral and central nervous systems (PNS and CNS) in animal models.MethodsThe search was performed in Medline, Pubmed and Web of Science and included 8 studies according to the inclusion criteria.ResultsThe physiological effects found in the nervous system included the analgesic, particularly the endogenous opioid pathway, the inflammatory, by modulation of cytokines, and the immune system.ConclusionOn the basis of these results, we can conclude that NM physiologically modifies the peripheral and central nervous systems in animal models.
Is endovascular treatment still good for acute ischemic stroke in the elderly? A meta-analysis of observational studies in the last decade
Authors: Jiang Xin , Wang Jian , Hu Yaowen , Lang Hui , Bao Jiajia , Chen Ning , He Li 
Published: January 2024

BackgroundThe lack of randomized evidence makes it difficult to establish reliable treatment recommendations for endovascular treatment (EVT) in elderly patients. This meta-analysis aims to evaluate the therapeutic effects of endovascular treatment for acute ischemic stroke in the elderly compared with younger patients.MethodsComprehensive literature retrieval was conducted to identify studies that directly compared the outcomes of EVT in elderly patients and those aged &lt;80 years. The primary outcome was functional independence, defined as mRS 0–2 at 90 days after EVT. The secondary outcomes were the rate of successful recanalization, symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH) and mortality. Odds ratios (ORs) were estimated using a random effects model.ResultsIn total, twenty-six studies with 9,492 enrolled participants were identified. Our results showed that, compared with patients aged &lt;80 years undergoing EVT, EVT was associated with a lower rate of functional independence at 90 days (OR = 0.38; 95% CI, 0.33–0.45; p &lt; 0.00001) and a higher mortality rate (OR = 2.51; 95% CI, 1.98–3.18; p &lt; 0.00001) in the elderly. Furthermore, even without a significantly observed increase in sICH (OR = 1.19; 95% CI, 0.96–1.47; p = 0.11), EVT appeared to be associated with a lower rate of successful recanalization (OR = 0.81; 95% CI, 0.68–0.96; p = 0.02).ConclusionEvidence from observational studies revealed that EVT has less functional outcomes in elderly patients with acute ischemic stroke. Further studies are needed to better identify patients aged ≥80 years who could potentially benefit from EVT.
Egg consumption and growth in children: a meta-analysis of interventional trials
Authors: Larson Elisabeth A. , Zhao Zaixin , Bader-Larsen Karlen S. , Magkos Faidon 
Published: January 2024

IntroductionStunting and wasting are prevalent in low- and middle-income countries, putting children at risk for disease and disability. Eggs are a nutrient-rich food that can potentially facilitate growth.PurposeThe aim of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the potential beneficial effect of egg supplementation on growth in children.MethodsFollowing the PRISMA guidelines, PubMed and Healthline (Ovid) were systematically searched for interventional studies on egg supplementation for growth in children aged 6 months to 18 years, with no restrictions on date. Studies were evaluated for quality using Cochrane’s GRADE technique. Data were pooled and reported as means and 95% confidence intervals.ResultsSeven studies reporting on 9 unique interventions in 3,575 male and female participants were included in the meta-analysis. Participants in the intervention groups experienced significantly greater increases in height/length (by 0.47 [0.13, 0.80] cm, p &lt; 0.01) and weight (by 0.07 [0.01, 0.13] kg, p = 0.03) when compared to those in the control groups.ConclusionEggs are an affordable, nutritious option for improving growth in children, though more studies with longer interventions are warranted.Systematic review registration: PROSPERO (CRD42021289609: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/).
Oral ingestion of Shiikuwasha extract suppresses diabetes progression in db/db mice by preserving β-cell mass
Authors: Kaji Megumi , Kaneko Yukiko K. , Ihim Stella Amarachi , Kanoh Ran , Yamamoto Moe , Yamaguchi Momoka , Ishikawa Tomohisa 
Published: January 2024

IntroductionNobiletin is a polymethoxyflavonoid abundant in citrus peels and has been reported to have various bioactive effects. We have previously reported that nobiletin inhibits endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced apoptosis in the pancreatic β-cell line INS-1 and that continuous subcutaneous administration of nobiletin suppresses the progression of diabetes by protecting β-cells in type 2 diabetic db/db mice. In the present study, we investigated effects of oral ingestion of Shiikuwasha extract rich in nobiletin on the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes in db/db mice.Materials and methodsA Shiikuwasha extract was dissolved in MediDrop sucralose. Twenty-four mice were equally divided in three groups and fed with vehicle or low or high dose of Shiikuwasha extract for 4 weeks. Blood glucose levels, pancreatic β-cell mass, serum insulin levels, pancreatic insulin content, and other biomarkers were measured and compared between the groups.ResultsThe group that freely ingested the Shiikuwasha extract containing higher concentration of nobiletin (Shiikuwasha H) showed lower blood glucose levels. At the end of the experiment, the Shiikuwasha H group exhibited improved glucose tolerance, lower serum glycoalbumin levels, and an increase in β-cell area per pancreas compared with the control group. Body weight, food intake, and serum biomarkers related to liver function and lipid metabolism of the Shiikuwasha H group were not different from those of the control group, although water intake of the former was significantly decreased than that of the latter.ConclusionOur results suggest that the oral ingestion of Shiikuwasha extract preserves pancreatic β-cell mass in diabetic mice, which might be attributed to ameliorating the progression of diabetes.
Impact of a Mediterranean diet, physical activity, body composition, and insulin delivery methods on metabolic control in children with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Nóvoa-Medina Yeray , Pérez-Lemes Alicia , Suárez-Ramírez Nerea , Barreiro-Bautista Marta , Fabelo Himar , López-López Sara , Quinteiro Sofia , Domínguez Angela , León Marta , González María A. , Caballero Elisabeth , Wägner Ana M. 
Published: January 2024

AimsTo evaluate the synergistic impact of diet, lifestyle and technology on glycemic control in children with type 1 diabetes (T1D).MethodsThis cross-sectional study included 112 randomly selected patients with T1D from Gran Canaria (median age 12 years; 51.8% female). The study collected data on height, weight, body composition (bioimpedance), age, disease duration, and method of insulin delivery. Physical activity was evaluated using the Krece questionnaire and an accelerometer (GENEActiv). Adherence to the Mediterranean diet was assessed using the KIDMED Quick Nutrition Test. Glycemic control was evaluated using HbA1c and the percentage of time in range. SPSS version 21 and RStudio were used for statistical analysis of the data. Stepwise linear regression analysis (backwards) was used to identify factors independently associated with metabolic control.ResultsInsulin pump use, age and adherence to the Mediterranean diet were found to be significantly and independently associated with better glycemic control, whereas years with T1D was associated with worse HbA1c values. No relationship was found between body composition and physical activity measured by accelerometry or questionnaire.ConclusionAdherence to the Mediterranean diet, insulin delivery methods, age, and number of years with T1D are important factors to consider in the management of T1D in children.
Providing holistic care to children with cerebral palsy treated with transnasal neural stem cell transplantation
Authors: Li Xiaoyan , Li Mengyao , Qin Xixian , Li Ying , Wang Yachen , Han Chao , Ni Shiwei , Sun Xuna , Dong Peipei , Liu Jing 
Published: January 2024

ObjectiveHolistic care is a key element in nursing care. Aiming at the heterogeneous disease of cerebral palsy, researchers focused on children with cerebral palsy who received transnasal transplantation of neural stem cells as a specific group. Based on establishing a multidisciplinary team, comprehensive care is carried out for this type of patient during the perioperative period to improve the effectiveness and safety of clinical research and increase the comfort of children.MethodsBetween January 2018 and June 2023, 22 children with cerebral palsy underwent three transnasal transplants of neural stem cells.ResultsNo adverse reactions related to immune rejection were observed in the 22 children during hospitalization and follow-up. All children tolerated the treatment well, and the treatment was superior. One child developed nausea and vomiting after sedation; three had a small amount of bleeding of nasal mucosa after transplantation. Two children had a low fever (≤38.5°C), and one had a change in the type and frequency of complex partial seizures. Moreover, 3 children experienced patch shedding within 4 h of patch implantation into the nasal cavity.ConclusionThe project team adopted nasal stem cell transplantation technology. Based on the characteristics of transnasal transplantation of neural stem cells in the treatment of neurological diseases in children, a comprehensive and novel holistic care plan is proposed. It is of great significance to guide caregivers of children to complete proper care, further improve the safety and effectiveness of treatment, and reduce the occurrence of complications.
Endosperm structure and Glycemic Index of Japonica Italian rice varieties
Authors: Haxhari Filip , Savorani Francesco , Rondanelli Mariangela , Cantaluppi Enrico , Campanini Luigi , Magnani Edoardo , Simonelli Cinzia , Gavoci Gentian , Chiadò Alessandro , Sozzi Mattia , Cavallini Nicola , Chiodoni Angelica , Gasparri Clara , Barrile Gaetan Claude , Cavioni Alessandro , Mansueto Francesca , Mazzola Giuseppe , Moroni Alessia , Patelli Zaira , Pirola Martina , Tartara Alice , Guido Davide , Perna Simone , Magnaghi Roberto 
Published: January 2024

IntroductionGiven that rice serves as a crucial staple food for a significant portion of the global population and with the increasing number of individuals being diagnosed with diabetes, a primary objective in genetic improvement is to identify and cultivate low Glycemic Index (GI) varieties. This must be done while ensuring the preservation of grain quality.Methods25 Italian rice genotypes were characterized calculating their GI “in vivo” and, together with other 29 Italian and non-Italian genotypes they were studied to evaluate the grain inner structure through Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) technique. Using an ad-hoc developed algorithm, morphological features were extracted from the FESEM images, to be then inspected by means of multivariate data analysis methods.Results and DiscussionLarge variability was observed in GI values (49 to 92 with respect to glucose), as well as in endosperm morphological features. According to the percentage of porosity is possible to distinguish approximately among rice varieties having a crystalline grain (&lt; 1.7%), those intended for the preparation of risotto (&gt; 5%), and a third group having intermediate characteristics. Waxy rice varieties were not united by a certain porosity level, but they shared a low starch granules eccentricity. With reference to morphological features, rice varieties with low GI (&lt;55) seem to be characterized by large starch granules and low porosity values. Our data testify the wide variability of Italian rice cultivation giving interesting information for future breeding programs, finding that the structure of the endosperm can be regarded as a specific characteristic of each variety.
Adaptive aspects of maximizing in times of COVID-19: coping efforts linking maximization to well-being
Authors: Jun Young Joo , Choi Incheol , Kim Joo Hyun 
Published: January 2024

IntroductionMaximization, the tendency to make the best choices by thoroughly searching and comparing alternatives, has long been considered a negative correlate of well-being. However, recently, it was proposed that having a maximizing tendency can lead to better coping efforts in some stressful situations and thus could be more adaptive. The objective of the present research was to demonstrate positive features of maximization and identify the coping strategies that mediate the relationship between maximization and well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsA sample of 3,493 participants responded to an online survey from January 20 to October 11 of 2020. The 13-item Maximization Scale assessed individuals’ maximizing tendency in terms of the maximization index and its three subdimensions (i.e., high standards, alternative search, and decision difficulty). The use of four coping strategies (i.e., preventive measures, cognitive appraisal, self-distraction, and social connection) during the COVID-19 pandemic was assessed. Hedonic and eudaimonic aspects of well-being were measured. We developed a mediation model and examined both whether there was an indirect link between maximization and well-being through the coping strategies and whether there was a direct link between maximization and well-being.ResultsPath analysis revealed negative direct associations between maximization measures (i.e., an index and three subdimensions) and well-being. In addition, significant indirect paths were found with varying directions depending on maximization dimensions and coping strategy types. There were positive indirect associations between the maximization index and well-being via preventive measures, between high standards and well-being through preventive measures and cognitive appraisal, and between alternative search and well-being through self-distraction and social connection. Negative indirect associations were found between decision difficulty and well-being through cognitive appraisal, self-distraction, and social connection.DiscussionThe current study confirmed the existence of inconsistent mediation effects between maximization and well-being via coping and highlighted coping efforts as one of the positive aspects of maximization. Discussion addressed the double-edged effect of maximization on well-being and its beneficial nature in times of distress. Future studies should examine other potential situations and moderators that can delineate maximization’s various characteristics with a longitudinal design and samples from diverse backgrounds.