bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Localization of the novel Xin protein to the adherens junction complex in cardiac and skeletal muscle during development
Authors: Sinn Haley W. , Balsamo Janne , Lilien Jack , Lin Jim J.‐C. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractPreviously, we demonstrated that chick embryos treated with antisense oligonucleotides against a striated muscle‐specific Xin exhibit abnormal cardiac morphogenesis (Wang et al. [1999] Development 126:1281–1294); therefore, we surmised a role for Xin in cardiac development. Herein, we examine the developmental expression of Xin through immunofluorescent staining of whole‐mount mouse embryos and frozen heart sections. Xin expression is first observed within the heart tube of embryonic day 8.0 (E8.0) mice, exhibiting a peripheral localization within the cardiomyocytes. Colocalization of Xin with both β‐catenin and N‐cadherin is observed throughout embryogenesis and into adulthood. Additionally, Xin is found associated with β‐catenin within the N‐cadherin complex in embryonic chick hearts by coimmunoprecipitation. Xin is detected earlier than vinculin in the developing heart and colocalizes with vinculin at the intercalated disc but not at the sarcolemma within embryonic and postnatal hearts. At E10.0, Xin is also detected in the developing somites and later in the myotendon junction of skeletal muscle but not within the costameric regions of muscle. In cultured C2C12 myotubes, the Xin protein is found in many speckled and filamentous structures, coincident with tropomyosin in the stress fibers. Additionally, Xin is enriched in the regions of cell–cell contacts. These data demonstrate that Xin is one of the components at the adherens junction of cardiac muscle, and its counterpart in skeletal muscle, the myotendon junction. Furthermore, temporal and spatial expressions of Xin in relation to intercalated disc proteins and thin filament proteins suggest roles for Xin in the formation of cell–cell contacts and possibly in myofibrillogenesis. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fibroblast growth factor signaling regulates Dach1 expression during skeletal development
Authors: Horner A. , Shum L. , Ayres J.A. , Nonaka K. , Nuckolls G.H. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractDach1 is a mouse homologue of the Drosophila dachshund gene, which is a key regulator of cell fate determination during eye, leg, and brain development in the fly. We have investigated the expression and growth factor regulation of Dach1 during pre‐ and postnatal skeletal development in the mouse limb to understand better the function of Dach1. Dach1 was expressed in the distal mesenchyme of the early embryonic mouse limb bud and subsequently became restricted to the tips of digital cartilages. Dach1 protein was localized to postmitotic, prehypertrophic, and early hypertrophic chondrocytes during the initiation of ossification centers, but Dach1 was not expressed in growth plates that exhibited extensive ossification. Dach1 colocalized with Runx2/Cbfa1 in chondrocytes but not in the forming bone collar or primary spongiosa. Dach1 also colocalized with cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitors p27 (Kip1) and p57 (Kip2) in chondrocytes of the growth plate and in the epiphysis before the formation of the secondary ossification center. Because fibroblast growth factors (FGF), bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP), and hedgehog molecules (Hh) regulate skeletal patterning of the limb bud and chondrocyte maturation in developing endochondral bones, we investigated the regulation of Dach1 by these growth and differentiation factors. Expression of Dach1 in 11 days postcoitus mouse limb buds in organ culture was up‐regulated by implanting beads soaked in FGF1, 2, 8, or 9 but not FGF10. BMP4‐soaked beads down‐regulated Dach1 expression, whereas Shh and bovine serum albumin had no effect. Furthermore, FGF4 or 8 could substitute for the apical ectodermal ridge in maintaining Dach1 expression in the limb buds. Immunolocalization of FGFR2 and FGFR3 revealed overlap with Dach1 expression during skeletal patterning and chondrocyte maturation. We conclude that Dach1 is a target gene of FGF signaling during limb skeletal development, and Dach1 may function as an intermediary in the FGF signaling pathway regulating cell proliferation or differentiation. Published 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expression of cathepsins B, H, K, L, and S during human fetal lung development
Authors: Bühling F. , Waldburg N. , Krüger S. , Röcken C. , Wiesner O. , Weber E. , Welte T. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractCathepsins are involved in lysosomal protein degradation, proenzyme activation, antigen processing, and hormone maturation. They are secreted by tumor cells and macrophages and catalyze the remodeling of extracellular matrix proteins. To gain insight into the expression pattern of cathepsins during fetal lung development, the expression of cathepsins B, H, K, L, and S at protein and mRNA levels were evaluated by using immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization. Early expression of cathepsins B, H, and K was found in epithelial cells of the branching presumptive bronchi (<12th week of gestation). The most intense cathepsin K–specific immunoreactivity was found in developing airways with a lumen. Cathepsin K was found in epithelial cells only, whereas in contrast, cathepsins B and H were detected both in epithelial and interstitial cells. During fetal maturation, interstitial cells displayed cathepsin L immunoreactivity and, in the saccular phase (>26th week of gestation), both cathepsin L and S immunoreactivities. A continuous decline in the proportion of cathepsin H‐positive interstitial CD68‐positive cells was observed. These discrete temporal and spatial variations in cathepsin expression during organogenesis of the human lung indicate different physiological roles for the individual enzymes in different cell types and developmental stages. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ascidian otx gene Hroth activates transcription of the brain‐specific gene HrTRP
Authors: Wada Shuichi , Toyoda Reiko , Yamamoto Hiroaki , Saiga Hidetoshi 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe brain (sensory vesicle) of the ascidian larvae is thought to be homologous to the vertebrate forebrain and midbrain and, thus, is proposed as a simplified model to investigate mechanisms of brain formation in vertebrates. However, the genetic circuitry that governs formation of the sensory vesicle is largely unknown. To address this issue, we investigated the transcriptional regulation of the sensory vesicle–specific gene HrTRP by Hroth, the otx gene of the ascidian Halocynthia roretzi. A 133‐bp 5′‐flanking region of HrTRP, identified as a promoter that can drive expression of the reporter gene in the sensory vesicle, contains two otx binding consensus sites. When the two otx sites were deleted or mutated, the promoter activity of this region was decreased. Hroth overexpression can transactivate this promoter in an otx site–dependent manner. Transactivation of HrTRP promoter by Hroth overexpression was mimicked by overexpression of Hroth/VP16, which encodes a fusion protein of Hroth and the activator domain of VP16, and is suppressed by coexpression with Hroth/En, which encodes a fusion protein of Hroth and the Engrailed repressor domain. Finally, translational interference of Hroth by a morpholino oligonucleotide resulted in the reduction of HrTRP expression in the ascidian embryos. These results suggest that Hroth acts as a direct activator of HrTRP transcription during sensory vesicle development. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Deficits in the posterior pharyngeal endoderm in the absence of retinoids
Authors: Quinlan Robyn , Gale Emily , Maden Malcolm , Graham Anthony 
Published: September 2002

AbstractRecent studies have shown that the pharyngeal endoderm plays a critically important role in directing the development of the pharyngeal region of the vertebrate embryo. We have, however, had few insights into how the pharyngeal endoderm itself is patterned. Recently, several studies have suggested that retinoic acid is required for the development of the pharyngeal endoderm. To study this proposal in greater depth, we have examined the development of the pharyngeal endoderm in the absence of retinoid signalling, by using the vitamin A– deficient (VAD) quail model system. We find in early stages that, in the absence of retinoids, this territory extends further caudally than normal. Furthermore, as development proceeds, we find that the first pouch invariably forms, that the second pouch is abnormal, and that the third and fourth pharyngeal pouches never form. We do find, however, that dorsoventral patterning of the pharyngeal endoderm is unaffected. Finally, we have examined the expression patterns of RALDH2 before and during early development of the pharyngeal pouches. We find that this enzyme is expressed adjacent to the pharyngeal endoderm in tissues around the regressing anterior intestinal portal and that from stage 12 onward its anterior limit of expression lies at the level of the second pouch. This finding helps explain why the first pouch always forms in the absence of retinoids, and why defects are seen starting with the second and most evidently in the caudal pouches. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Spatiotemporal distribution of heparan sulfate epitopes during myogenesis and synaptogenesis: A study in developing mouse intercostal muscle
Authors: Jenniskens Guido J. , Hafmans Theo , Veerkamp Jacques H. , Van Kuppevelt Toin H. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractFormation of a basal lamina (BL) ensheathing developing skeletal muscle cells is one of the earliest events in mammalian skeletal muscle myogenesis. BL‐resident heparan sulfate proteoglycans have been implicated in various processes during myogenesis, including synaptic differentiation. However, attention has focused on the proteoglycan protein core, ignoring the glycosaminoglycan moiety mainly because of a lack of appropriate tools. Recently, we selected a panel of anti–heparan sulfate antibodies applied here to study the spatiotemporal distribution of specific heparan sulfate (HS) epitopes during myogenesis. In mouse intercostal muscle at embryonic day (E14), formation of acetylcholine receptor clusters at synaptic sites coincides with HS deposition. Although some HS epitopes show a general appearance throughout the BL, one epitope preferably clusters at synaptic sites but does so only from E16 onward. During elongation and maturation of primary myotubes, a process preceding secondary myotube development, significant changes in the HS epitope constitution of both synaptic and extrasynaptic BL were observed. As a whole, the data presented here strengthen previous observations on developmental regulation by BL components, and add to the putative roles of specific HS epitopes in myogenesis and synaptogenesis. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Association of ASIP/mPAR‐3 with adherens junctions of mouse neuroepithelial cells
Authors: Manabe Naoyuki , Hirai Syu‐Ichi , Imai Fumiyasu , Nakanishi Hiroyuki , Takai Yoshimi , Ohno Shigeo 
Published: September 2002

AbstractPolarity proteins play fundamental roles in asymmetric cell division, which is essential for the production of different types of cells in multicellular organisms. Here, we explore the localization of atypical PKC isotype‐specific interacting protein (ASIP), a mammalian homologue of the Caenorhabditis elegans polarity protein PAR‐3, in embryonic neural tissues. Although ASIP is localized on tight junctions in cultured epithelial cells, it localizes on adherens junctions outlined by β‐catenin and afadin at the luminal surface, an apical end of the neuroepithelium in developing mouse central nervous systems. Mammalian homologues of other C. elegans polarity proteins, mPAR‐6 and aPKC, also localize in the adherens junctions. In dorsal root ganglia of the peripheral nervous system, ASIP is found predominantly in the cytoplasm of ganglion cells. In dividing preneural cells at the ventricular (luminal) surface of the embryonic telencephalon, ASIP localize in adherence junctions of luminal surface regardless of the axis of cell division. Therefore, only the daughter cell facing the lumen (apical daughter) may inherit ASIP when the division plate is oriented parallel to the surface. Given the roles of Bazooka, a Drosophila homologue of ASIP/PAR‐3, in the asymmetric division of the Drosophila neuroblast, these observations suggest that ASIP, along with other polarity proteins and adherens junction proteins, plays an important role in neural cell differentiation by means of asymmetric cell division. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pattern of birth and eating attitudes in young adults: Failure to replicate in a warmer climate
Authors: Peñas‐Lledó Eva , Waller Glenn 
Published: September 2002

AbstractObjectivePrevious research (based in the United Kingdom) has shown a link between warmer temperatures at birth and restrictive eating attitudes in early adulthood. The current study examined whether this pattern can be replicated in a warmer area of the northern hemisphere (Southwest Spain).MethodsThe participants were 261 preuniversity volunteers (125 women and 136 men) born in Extremadura, Southwest Spain. Mann‐Whitney tests and chi‐square analyses were used to compare the eating characteristics of participants born in warm versus cooler months. Spearman's rho was used to test for dimensional associations between temperature at birth and eating characteristics.ResultsThere were no links between temperature at birth and restrictive eating attitudes, whether temperature and eating pathology were considered dimensionally or categorically.DiscussionThe association of temperature at birth and restrictive eating pathology in early adulthood is not replicable in a warmer climate. Possible explanations are suggested to account for this pattern of findings. © 2002 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 32: 367–371, 2002.
Similarities and differences between Caucasian and African American college women on eating and dieting expectancies, bulimic symptoms, dietary restraint, and disinhibition
Authors: Atlas Jana G. , Smith Gregory T. , Hohlstein Leigh Anne , McCarthy Denis M. , Kroll Larry S. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractObjectiveTo clarify race differences in eating disorder risk factors and symptoms, by comparing Caucasian and African American samples on the factor structures, intercorrelations, and mean levels of endorsement on a set of risk and symptom measures.MethodA sample of 300 Caucasian and 200 African American undergraduates completed measures of eating and thinness/dieting expectancies, the Three‐Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ), and the BULIT.ResultsThe factor structures of each measure were invariant across race. Intercorrelations among the measures generally did not differ across race. On the three expectancy measures predictive of symptomatology, two of three scales of the TFEQ, and the BULIT, African American women had lower mean scores than Caucasian women. Socioeconomic status did not account for the results: in this sample, it was unrelated to race and correlated with only 1 of 20 measures.DiscussionThe factor‐based meaning of these measures appears to be consistent across race. The measures correlate similarly across race, suggesting that the risk process may be similar for both races, but African American women endorsed significantly fewer risk factors and fewer symptoms. © 2002 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 32: 326–334, 2002.
Beyond shape and weight: Exploring the relationship between nonbody determinants of self‐esteem and eating disorder symptoms in adolescent females
Authors: Geller Josie , Zaitsoff Shannon L. , Srikameswaran Suja 
Published: September 2002

AbstractObjectiveRecent research using the Shape and Weight‐Based Self‐Esteem (SAWBS) Inventory has shown that basing self‐esteem on shape and weight is related to eating disorder and psychiatric symptoms. This study examined the relationship between other determinants of self‐esteem assessed in the SAWBS Inventory (e.g., friendships, intimate relationships, school/work competence) and eating disorder and psychological health variables.MethodFemale high school adolescents (N = 235) participated in this study. The relative contribution of the self‐esteem dimensions to eating disorder and self‐esteem was examined.ResultsIn addition to shape and weight, basing self‐esteem on intimate relationships was also related to higher eating disorder symptoms and lower body and global self‐esteem. The only protective factors to emerge in this study were basing self‐esteem on competence at school and other activities.DiscussionBasing self‐esteem on intimate relationships was associated with similar physical and health problems to basing self‐esteem on shape and weight. The implications of these findings with regard to healthy adolescent development are addressed. © 2002 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 32: 344–351, 2002.
An evaluation of the relationship between mood and binge eating in the natural environment using ecological momentary assessment
Authors: Wegner Krislea E. , Smyth Joshua M. , Crosby Ross D. , Wittrock David , Wonderlich Stephen A. , Mitchell James E. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractObjectiveAlthough many current theories of disordered eating focus on affective mechanisms, relatively little is known about the covariation of mood and eating in peoples' natural environments. This study examined the relationship between mood and binge eating behavior in the natural environment.MethodTwenty‐seven college students with subclinical binge eating behavior self‐monitored their mood on a handheld computer seven times daily for 2 weeks.ResultsOn binge days, participants reported having significantly worse mood than on nonbinge days. When the trajectory of mood around the time of a binge was examined, no significant differences between prebinge and postbinge time were found when the entire binge day was examined. No mood differences were found between just prior to the binge (30–60 min prior to binge) compared with just after the binge (also within 30–60 min). A postbinge report indicated that reported mood immediately after a binge was worse than mood just prior to the binge.DiscussionThis study provides evidence that the affective experience of binge eating, when assessed in the natural environment, is negative. Furthermore, there was no evidence that binge eating was a response to an immediate or transient negative mood state or that binge eating provided relief from negative mood. © 2002 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 32: 352–361, 2002.
Restoration of ovarian and uterine maturity in adolescents with anorexia nervosa
Authors: Key Adrienne , Mason Helen , Allan Rosie , Lask Bryan 
Published: September 2002

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the optimal weight‐to‐height ratio to achieve maturity of the reproductive organs when visualized by pelvic ultrasound in adolescent girls with anorexia nervosa. To examine the distribution of weight‐to‐height ratios in the group of adolescents in whom pelvic maturity was attained.MethodsAdolescent girls with anorexia nervosa received serial transabdominal pelvic ultrasound scans as they regained weight. A record of their weight‐to‐height ratio had been noted on each occasion. The scans were defined as mature or immature using strict criteria.ResultsThere was a wide range of weight‐to‐height ratios in both the mature and immature groups of patients with a considerable overlap between the groups. However, 88% of the sample required a weight‐to‐height ratio of 100% (body mass index [BMI] 20) to achieve reproductive maturity.ConclusionPrevious target weights have been too low to ensure reproductive maturity. The resulting hypoestrogenic state increases the risk of future osteoporosis. Pelvic ultrasound is the safest and most reliable method for determining ovarian and uterine maturity in adolescent girls with anorexia nervosa. © 2002 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 32: 319–325, 2002.
Body dysmorphic disorder in patients with anorexia nervosa: Prevalence, clinical features, and delusionality of body image
Authors: Grant Jon E. , Kim Suck Won , Eckert Elke D. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractObjectiveThe prevalence of body dysmorphic disorder in patients with anorexia nervosa is unknown. We hypothesized that body dysmorphic disorder would be underdiagnosed in patients with anorexia nervosa and that comorbidity with body dysmorphic disorder would result in greater overall dysfunction.MethodForty‐one patients with DSM‐IV anorexia nervosa completed the Body Dysmorphic Disorder Questionnaire, a self‐report screen for body dysmorphic disorder. A follow‐up interview was conducted using a reliable clinician‐administered semistructured diagnostic instrument for DSM‐IV body dysmorphic disorder. Delusionality about appearance was assessed using a validated semistructured interview. Comorbid DSM‐IV diagnoses, number of hospitalizations and suicide attempts were obtained by means of a detailed diagnostic interview.ResultsSixteen (39%) of the 41 patients with anorexia nervosa were diagnosed with comorbid body dysmorphic disorder unrelated to weight concerns. The anorexia nervosa patients with body dysmorphic disorder had significantly lower overall functioning and higher levels of delusionality than the anorexic patients without body dysmorphic disorder.DiscussionThese preliminary results suggest that body dysmorphic disorder may be relatively common among patients with anorexia nervosa. The presence of comorbid body dysmorphic disorder may indicate a more severe form of illness. © 2002 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 32: 291–300, 2002.
A randomized secondary treatment study of women with bulimia nervosa who fail to respond to CBT
Authors: Mitchell James E. , Halmi Katherine , Wilson G. Terence , Agras W. Stewart , Kraemer Helena , Crow Scott 
Published: September 2002

AbstractObjectiveSince the description of bulimia nervosa as a distinct diagnostic entity in 1979, several psychological and pharmacological interventions have been developed and empirically tested. The existence of several effective treatments, none of which is completely effective, is common to most psychiatric conditions. The research question that flows from such findings is whether second‐level treatments would be effective for those who fail initial treatment.MethodIn the case of bulimia nervosa, the research findings suggest that cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is the first level of treatment and that both antidepressant medication and interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) may potentially be effective second‐level treatments. This was a multicenter study in which 194 patients were initially treated with CBT. Those treated unsuccessfully (n = 62) were then randomized to treatment with IPT or medication management.ResultsOf those assigned to secondary treatment, 37 completed such treatment and 25 dropped out or were withdrawn. The abstinence rate for subjects assigned to treatment with IPT was 16% and for those assigned to medication management was 10%. No significant differences were found between medication and IPT in either the intent‐to‐treat or completer analysis.DiscussionDropout rates were high, and response rates were low among BN patients assigned to secondary treatments who failed to achieve remission with CBT. Offering lengthy sequential treatments appears to have little value, and alternative models for therapy need to be tested. © 2002 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 32: 271–281, 2002.