bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transplantation of an acutely isolated bone marrow fraction repairs demyelinated adult rat spinal cord axons
Authors: Sasaki Masanori , Honmou Osamu , Akiyama Yukinori , Uede Teiji , Hashi Kazuo , Kocsis Jeffery D. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe potential of bone marrow cells to differentiate into myelin‐forming cells and to repair the demyelinated rat spinal cord in vivo was studied using cell transplantation techniques. The dorsal funiculus of the spinal cord was demyelinated by x‐irradiation treatment, followed by microinjection of ethidium bromide. Suspensions of a bone marrow cell fraction acutely isolated from femoral bones in LacZ transgenic mice were prepared by centrifugation on a density gradient (Ficoll‐Paque) to remove erythrocytes, platelets, and debris. The isolated cell fraction contained hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic stem and precursor cells and lymphocytes. The cells were transplanted into the demyelinated dorsal column lesions of immunosuppressed rats. An intense blue β‐galactosidase reaction was observed in the transplantation zone. The genetically labeled bone marrow cells remyelinated the spinal cord with predominately a peripheral pattern of myelination reminiscent of Schwann cell myelination. Transplantation of CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells survived in the lesion, but did not form myelin. These results indicate that bone marrow cells can differentiate in vivo into myelin‐forming cells and repair demyelinated CNS. GLIA 35:26–34, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Role of the extracellular matrix in myelination of peripheral nerve
Authors: Podratz Jewel L. , Rodriguez Esther , Windebank Anthony J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAssembly of the extracellular matrix (ECM) has been tightly linked to compact myelin formation in the peripheral nervous system. We recently demonstrated that myelination of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) axons by Schwann cells may occur in the absence of basal lamina. We have now determined whether laminin deposition occurs around myelinating SC, even though basal lamina has not been assembled. DRG/SC co‐cultures were prepared from E15 rat embryos and incubated in fully defined medium (B27) with and without ascorbic acid for 21–24 days. Cultures were stained with a rabbit anti‐laminin antibody and examined by laser confocal fluorescence microscopy. Myelination occurred in both groups. In the presence of ascorbic acid, there was dense even laminin staining around myelinating SC. In the absence of ascorbic acid, laminin staining was also present but was irregular and less dense. DRG and SC were co‐cultured without ascorbic acid in the presence or absence of a function blocking anti‐β1 integrin receptor antibody. The antibody completely inhibited myelination. Finally, DRG/SC co‐cultures were prepared both with and without ascorbic acid and incubated under control conditions or in the presence of continual, gentle motion. Movement in the absence of ECM significantly inhibited myelination. This demonstrates that laminin deposition on the surface of SC but not ECM assembly is required for formation of compact myelin. ECM is required to provide mechanical stability during the process of myelination. GLIA 35:35–40, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Activation of murine cytomegalovirus immediate‐early promoter in cerebral ventricular zone and glial progenitor cells in transgenic mice
Authors: Li Ren‐Yong , Baba Satoshi , Kosugi Isao , Arai Yoshifumi , Kawasaki Hideya , Shinmura Yuichiro , Sakakibara Shin‐Ichi , Okano Hideyuki , Tsutsui Yoshihiro 
Published: August 2002

AbstractCytomegalovirus (CMV) is the most common infectious cause of congenital anomalies of the CNS in humans. We recently reported that the murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) immediate‐early (IE) gene promoter directs astrocyte‐specific expression in adult transgenic mice. In the present study, we analyzed the activation of the MCMV IE promoter in developing transgenic mouse brains and compared the activation with that of the Musashi 1 (Msi1) gene, which is expressed in neural progenitor cells, including neural stem cells. During the early phase of neurogenesis, the transgene was expressed predominantly in endothelial cells of the vessels, but not in neuroepithelial cells in which Msi1 was expressed. During later stages of gestation, expression of the transgene was largely restricted to the ventricular zone (VZ) in the CNS, similar to the expression of Msi1. In neurosphere cultures from transgenic embryos in the late phase of neurogenesis, the transgene was expressed in some cells of neurospheres expressing Msi1 and nestin. In neural precursor cells induced to differentiate from stem cells, expression of the transgene was detected in glial progenitor cells, expressing GFAP, nestin, and Msi1, but not in cells expressing MAP2 or MAG. In postnatal development, persistent expression of the transgene was observed in astrocyte lineage cells as was Msi1. These spatiotemporal changes of the MCMV IE promoter activity during development of transgenic mice correlated with susceptible sites in congenital HCMV infection. Moreover, this transgenic mouse model may provide useful model for analysis of the regulation of the switching of neuronal and astrocyte differentiation, and the maintenance of the astrocyte lineage. GLIA 35:41–52, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Inflammation in the nervous system: The human perspective
Authors: Bauer Jan , Rauschka Helmut , Lassmann Hans 
Published: August 2002

AbstractMany basic aspects of brain inflammation, recently disclosed in experimental models, are reflected in the pathology of human inflammatory brain diseases. Examples include the key role of T lymphocytes in immune surveillance and in the regulation of the inflammatory response, the essential contributions of adhesion molecules, proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and proteases in the recruitment of inflammatory cells into the nervous tissue, the modulating effect of glia cells on the inflammatory process and the termination of T‐cell‐mediated inflammation by apoptotic cell death. Despite this progress in our understanding of the pathogenesis of brain inflammation, there are still major unresolved questions. Because of technical constraints, most of our knowledge on central nervous system inflammation so far relates to the role of a specific T‐cell subset, the so‐called T‐helper‐1 cells. Other T‐cell subsets, in particular cytotoxic class I MHC‐restricted T lymphocytes, however, appear to be of major importance in human disease. Furthermore, the detailed mechanisms, which are responsible for the profound differences in the patterns of tissue damage in different human inflammatory brain diseases, such as multiple sclerosis or various forms of virus encephalitis, are largely unresolved. We discuss the open questions to be addressed in the future, which, when answered, may help to design novel therapeutic strategies. GLIA 36:235–243, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hyponatraemia and selective serotonin re‐uptake inhibitors in elderly patients
Authors: Kirby Dianne , Ames David 
Published: August 2002

AbstractHyponatraemia (serum sodium arbitrarily defined as less than 135 mmol/L) is an increasingly recognised adverse effect of selective serotonin re‐uptake inhibitors (SSRIs). Its precise prevalence and incidence in the elderly are hard to determine because of confounding factors including other prescribed medications and medical conditions. Although hyponatraemia has been reported with all SSRIs and venlafaxine, most studies are small, restrospective, limited by confounding variables or are individual case reports. The risk of developing hyponatraemia while on an SSRI seems to increase with age, female, sex, previous history of hyponatraemia and the concomitant use of other medications known to include hyponatraemia. The sodium concentrations of most patients with SSRI associated hyponatraemia return to normal within days to weeks of SSRI withdrawal. A few cases of SSRI rechallenge indicate that hyponatraemia may sometimes be a transient effect with tolerance developing over time. There is an urgent need for controlled, rigorous studies to confirm the extent of the association between SSRIs and hyponatraemia. Older drugs such as tricyclic antidepressants also need systematic study. It remains quite unclear whether any specific SSRI or venlafaxine has a stronger association with hyponatraemia than any other antidepressant drug. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Depression, depressive symptoms and mortality in persons aged 65 and over living in the community: a systematic review of the literature
Authors: Saz Pedro , Dewey Michael E. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackgroundNo recent attempt has been made to synthesize information on mortality and depression despite the theoretical and practical interest in the topic. Our objective was to estimate in the older population the influence on mortality of depression and depressive symptoms.MethodsData sources were: Medline, Embase, personal files and colleagues' records. Studies were considered if they included a majority of persons aged ≥ 65 years at baseline either drawn from a total community sample or drawn from a random sample from the community. Samples from healthcare facilities were excluded. Effect sizes were extracted from the papers; if they were not included in the published papers, effect sizes were calculated if possible. No attempt was made to contact authors for missing data.ResultsWe found 21 reports on 23 cohorts using depression diagnosis. For 15 of these, odds ratios were pooled using the Greenland method based on confidence intervals (CIs), giving an estimated odds ratio for mortality with depression of 1.73 (95% CI 1.53 to 1.95). A fixed effects meta‐regression of these studies suggested that longer follow‐up predicted smaller effect sizes (log odds ratios −0.096 per year (95% CI −0.179 to −0.014)). There is a weak suggestion of a reduced effect of depression on mortality for women. We were unable to pool effect sizes from the 17 studies using symptom totals and scales, or from eight studies of specific symptoms.ConclusionsThe studies show that diagnosed depression in community‐resident older people is associated with increased mortality. The picture for sex differences is still unclear. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis of novel N1‐(2‐furanidyl)‐5‐fluorouracil derivatives of α‐hydroxy(thio)phosphonates
Authors: Chi Guochen , Wang Xiaodong , Chen Ruyu 
Published: August 2002

AbstractSeveral N1‐(2‐furanidyl)‐5‐fluorouracil derivatives of α‐hydroxythiophosphonates were synthesized via oxidation by Moffatt's method of N1‐(2‐furanidyl)‐N3‐(hydroxyalkyl)‐5‐fluorouracil, followed by the addition of diethyl thiophosphite. The phosphonate products were obtained by the oxidation of the corresponding thiophosphonates with m‐chloroperoxybenzoic acid. The crystal structure of compound 6a was determined by X‐ray diffraction. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 13:211–215, 2002; Published online in Wiley Interscience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.10021
Reactions of cyclic sulfur ylides with some carbonyl compounds
Authors: Akiyama Hitoshi , Ohshima Katsuyoshi , Fujimoto Tetsuya , Yamamoto Iwao , Iriye Ryozo 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe reaction of a six‐membered sulfonium ylide 5 with aldehydes or ketones afforded the oxirane derivatives 6a–d as a mixture of cis and trans isomers in excellent yields. In addition, the same reactions, using five‐ or six‐membered cyclic oxosulfonium ylides 7 and 11, gave the corresponding oxirane derivatives in good yields. Moreover, the reaction of 11 with two equimolar amounts of base and 4‐hexen‐3‐one afforded the cyclooctene oxide derivative 16 with high stereoselectivity in 59% yield via a sequential Michael–Michael‐type addition of the ylide and the resulting enolate ion followed by an intramolecular Corey–Chaykovsky reaction. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 13:216–222, 2002; Published online in Wiley Interscience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.10022
Conversion of bis(o‐nitrophenyl)diselenides to heterocycles containing selenium and nitrogen with the aid of samarium diiodide
Authors: Chen Xiaoyuan , Zhong Weihui , Zhang Yongmin 
Published: August 2002

AbstractTreatment of bis(o‐nitrophenyl)diselenides with SmI2 led to simultaneous reduction of nitro groups and reductive cleavage of SeSe bonds as well as to the formation of the intermediates 2. The intermediates 2 were “living” double‐anions formed in situ, and reacted readily with ω‐bromoketones and α‐bromocarboxylic acid derivatives to afford the desired 2H‐1,4‐benzoselenazines and 2H‐1,4‐benzoselenazin‐3(4H)‐ones, respectively, in moderate to high yields and under mild conditions. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 13:302–306, 2002; Published online in Wiley Interscience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.10034
Three‐component 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition reactions in synthesis of spiro[pyrrolidine‐2,3′‐oxindoline] derivatives
Authors: El‐Ahl Abdel‐Aziz S. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractRegio‐ and stereospecific syntheses of several spiro[pyrrolidine2,3′‐oxindole] derivatives by cycloaddition trapping of azomethine ylides generated in situ, via decarboxylative condensation of isatin with α‐amino acids or by reaction of secondary amines with isatin, are reported. 2,6‐Dibenzylidenecyclohexanone, 2‐arylidene‐1‐tetralone, and arylidenemalononitrile derivatives have been efficiently used as trapping dipolarophiles. The regio‐ and stereochemistry of the additions are controlled by both frontier orbital and steric interactions. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 13:324–329, 2002; Published online in Wiley Interscience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.10038
Thermolysis of 3‐alkyl‐3‐methyl‐1,2‐dioxetanes: Activation parameters and chemiexcitation yields
Authors: Baumstark Alfons L. , Anderson Sean L. , Sapp Chariety J. , Vasquez Pedro C. 
Published: August 2002

Abstract3‐Methyl‐3‐(3‐pentyl)‐1,2‐dioxetane 1 and 3‐methyl‐3‐(2,2‐dimethyl‐1‐propyl)‐1,2‐dioxetane 2 were synthesized in low yield by the α‐bromohydroperoxide method. The activation parameters were determined by the chemiluminescence method (for 1 ΔH‡ = 25.0 ± 0.3 kcal/mol, ΔS‡ = −1.0 entropy unit (e.u.), ΔG‡ = 25.3 kcal/mol, k1 (60°C) = 4.6 × 10−4s−1; for 2 ΔH‡ = 24.2 ± 0.2 kcal/mol, ΔS‡ = −2.0 e.u., ΔG‡ = 24.9 kcal/mol, k1 (60°C) = 9.2 × 10−4s−1. Thermolysis of 1–2 produced excited carbonyl fragments (direct production of high yields of triplets relative to excited singlets) (chemiexcitation yields for 1: ϕT = 0.02, ϕ ≤ 0.0005; for 2: ϕT = 0.02, ϕS ≤ 0.0004). The results are discussed in relation to a diradical‐like mechanism. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 12:459–462, 2001
Synthesis of derivatives of 1,3,2‐diazaphospholidin‐4‐ones and the corresponding 2‐sulfides
Authors: He Liangnian , Luo Yanping , Ding Mingwu , Lu Aihong , Liu Xiaopeng , Wu Tianjie , Cai Fei 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAromatic‐substituted derivatives of 1,3,2‐diazaphospholidin‐4‐ones 2a–g were readily prepared from 1,3‐diaryl glycinamides 1 by the reaction with hexaethylphosphoric triamide. Their chemical transformation was selectively effected with different thionation reagents to afford thionated products at the phosphorus atom to give 3a–g and at the carbonyl group to give 4a. An oxidation reaction at phosphorus to produce 5a was effected with 10% hydrogen peroxide. Preliminary bioassays revealed that some of the title compounds, 2a–g and 3a–g possess selective herbicidal activity against rape. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 12:497–500, 2001
Searching for a better willingness to pay elicitation method in rural Nigeria: the binary question with follow‐up method versus the bidding game technique
Authors: Onwujekwe Obinna 
Published: August 2002

AbstractObjectives: To compare the theoretical validity and predictive validity of the binary with follow‐up questions technique and the bidding game, using hypothetical and actual WTP for insecticide‐treated nets (ITNs) in Nigeria.Methods: Each elicitation method was applied in one of two rural communities in Enugu state, Nigeria. A pre‐tested interviewer‐administered questionnaire was administered to household heads or representatives of households. WTP was elicited in each after presenting the scenario and showing a sample of the ITNs to the respondents. Then, within an interval of 1–2 months, the nets were sold to the respondents to compare hypothetical and actual WTP.Findings: Consistent slightly higher mean and median WTP amounts were elicited from Mbano where the bidding game was used. The WTP technique was able to predict WTP responses correctly in 75% and 85% of cases in Orba and Mbano, respectively. Chi‐square analysis did not show any statistical difference in values from both communities (p>0.05).Conclusion: Though the two techniques yielded similar results, the thrust should be the development of a WTP elicitation method that best mimics the bargaining process in normal market situations in rural Nigeria. Such an indigenous technique will help improve the predictive validity of the contingent valuation method. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synchronous benign and malignant salivary gland tumors in ipsilateral glands: A report of two cases and a review of literature
Authors: Curry Jonathan L. , Petruzzelli Guy J. , McClatchey Kenneth D. , Lingen Mark W. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackgroundIpsilateral salivary gland tumors of different histologic types are rare and make up less than 0.3% of all salivary gland neoplasms. Only nine cases of synchronous benign and malignant ipsilateral parotid gland tumors have been described in the literature.MethodsTwo additional cases of synchronous benign and malignant neoplasms in the parotid gland are reported and discussed with a review of literature.ResultsOur first case describes a pleomorphic adenoma and a salivary duct carcinoma, an entity not previously reported in the literature. The second case documents the most common benign and malignant ipsilateral parotid gland neoplasm reported in this case series, a Warthin's tumor and a mucoepidermoid carcinoma.ConclusionsSynchronous salivary gland tumors exhibiting both benign and malignant components are uncommonly observed, with only nine cases published to date. We describe two additional cases of a synchronous benign and malignant ipsilateral parotid gland tumor. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 24: 301–306, 2002; DOI 10.1002/hed.10048
Pilot trial of concomitant chemotherapy with paclitaxel and split‐course radiotherapy for very advanced squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck
Authors: Feher Olavo , Martins Sandro J. , Lima Candice A. , Salvajoli João V. , Simpson Andrew J. , Kowalski Luiz P. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractPurposeThe combination of chemotherapy and irradiation is considered the standard of care for the treatment of advanced squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck (SCCHN). Paclitaxel has shown a single‐agent activity in SCCHN. Besides, this drug is a promising radiosensitizer for some human solid tumors. This is a phase II trial to evaluate the feasibility, efficacy, and toxicity of paclitaxel administered concurrently with split‐course radiotherapy in advanced unresectable SCCHN.Methods and MaterialsThirty‐one patients with advanced SCCHN were enrolled in this trial. Radiotherapy consisted of 66 to 70 Gy delivered over 8 to 10 weeks to the primary tumor and lymphatic drainage, with a fractionation scheme of 1.8 to 2 Gy/field/d. After the initial five patients were treated, a 1‐week treatment break was introduced. Paclitaxel was administered weekly in a 1‐hour intravenous infusion at a projected dosage of 45 mg/m2/wk.ResultsThe complete and partial response rates, based on a 4‐week postradiation evaluation were 43.3% and 40%, respectively, with an overall response rate of 83.3%. Median survival was 49.4 weeks, and 1‐year survival was 48%. Freedom from local progression was 65.6% at 1 year. Thirty‐six percent and 20% of the patients are alive and disease free at 1 and 2 years, respectively. Grade 3/4 of acute toxicity consisted mostly of mucositis, cutaneous reaction, and weight loss.ConclusionsPaclitaxel concurrent with radiotherapy seems to be active in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. In the regimen selected for this trial, toxicity was significant and led to a prolongation of treatment time. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 24: 228–235, 2002; DOI 10.1002/hed.10049
Preoperative magnetic resonance angiography in fibular‐free flap reconstruction of head and neck defects
Authors: Lorenz Robert R. , Esclamado Ramon 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackgroundConventional angiography has been recommended for imaging of the leg prior to fibular‐free flap harvest. Magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) offers a similar level of accuracy at no risk to the patient and at a lower cost.MethodsThirty‐two patients who were considered for fibular‐free flap were retrospectively reviewed. Preoperative MRA of the lower extremities was performed on all patients and used to evaluate vessel patency. The decision of free flap donor site was based upon MRA findings.ResultsThe choice of side harvested was changed in four (12.5%) patients and the fibula was excluded as a donor site in three patients (9%). Flap design was altered in one patient found to have abnormally short peroneal arteries. The usual correlation between palpable distal pulses and proximal patent arteries was found to be unreliable. All 29 patients underwent successful free flap reconstruction with no ischemic complications.ConclusionsPreoperative MRA is useful when choosing the side of fibular harvesting and in excluding patients from the fibula as a donor site. We feel that the cost of obtaining preoperative imaging is outweighed by avoiding potential ischemic complications and additional operating room time with no risk to the patient's health. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Head Neck 23: 844–850, 2001.
Ergonomics considerations and management action in the implementation of industrial robots
Authors: Das Biman 
Published: August 2002

AbstractTo obtain maximum benefit from the implementation of industrial robots, it is necessary to identify specific ergonomics problems and provide answers to such problems. Special features of a typical industrial robot are described. Specific ergonomics problems are identified and discussed: sociopsychological factors, systems safety design, communications, training, and workplace design. For the successful implementation of industrial robots, management should take timely action with regard to advanced planning procedures, user involvement plans, communication channels, company labor policies, and continuous training programs. The technological change from conventional to advanced manufacturing, such as industrial robots, must be jointly supported by all levels of management and workers. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.