bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ketamine Compared With Morphine for Out-of-Hospital Analgesia for Patients With Traumatic Pain
Authors: Le Cornec Clément , Le Pottier Marion , Broch Hélène , Marguinaud Tixier Alexandre , Rousseau Emmanuel , Laribi Said , Janière Charles , Brenckmann Vivien , Guillerm Anne , Deciron Florence , Kabbaj Amine , Jenvrin Joël , Péré Morgane , Montassier Emmanuel 
Published: January 2024

ImportancePain is a common out-of-hospital symptom among patients, and opioids are often prescribed. Research suggests that overprescribing for acute traumatic pain is still prevalent, even when limits restricting opioid prescriptions have been implemented. Ketamine hydrochloride is an alternative to opioids in adults with out-of-hospital traumatic pain.ObjectiveTo assess the noninferiority of intravenous ketamine compared with intravenous morphine sulfate to provide pain relief in adults with out-of-hospital traumatic pain.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThe Intravenous Subdissociative-Dose Ketamine Versus Morphine for Prehospital Analgesia (KETAMORPH) study was a multicenter, single-blind, noninferiority randomized clinical trial comparing ketamine hydrochloride (20 mg, followed by 10 mg every 5 minutes) with morphine sulfate (2 or 3 mg every 5 minutes) in adult patients with out-of-hospital trauma and a verbal pain score equal to or greater than 5. Enrollment occurred from November 23, 2017, to November 26, 2022, in 11 French out-of-hospital emergency medical units.InterventionsPatients were randomly assigned to ketamine (n = 128) or morphine (n = 123).Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome was the between-group difference in mean change in verbal rating scale pain scores measured from the time before administration of the study drug to 30 minutes later. A noninferiority margin of 1.3 was chosen.ResultsA total of 251 patients were randomized (median age, 51 [IQR, 34-69] years; 111 women [44.9%] and 140 men [55.1%] among the 247 with data available) and were included in the intention-to-treat population. The mean pain score change was −3.7 (95% CI, −4.2 to −3.2) in the ketamine group compared with −3.8 (95% CI, −4.2 to −3.4) in the morphine group. The difference in mean pain score change was 0.1 (95% CI, −0.7 to 0.9) points. There were no clinically meaningful differences for vital signs between the 2 groups. The intravenous morphine group had 19 of 113 (16.8% [95% CI, 10.4%-25.0%]) adverse effects reported (most commonly nausea [12 of 113 (10.6%)]) compared with 49 of 120 (40.8% [95% CI, 32.0%-49.6%]) in the ketamine group (most commonly emergence phenomenon [24 of 120 (20.0%)]). No adverse events required intervention.Conclusions and RelevanceIn the KETAMORPH study of patients with out-of-hospital traumatic pain, the use of intravenous ketamine compared with morphine showed noninferiority for pain reduction. In the ongoing opioid crisis, ketamine administered alone is an alternative to opioids in adults with out-of-hospital traumatic pain.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03236805
Peptide Amphiphile‐Mediated Assembly and Fusion of Anisotropic Amorphous Particles for Enamel Remineralization
Authors: Tang Zhenhang , Chen Zhuo , Wang Dayu , Shan Songzhe , Jin Wenjing , Sun Kaida , Pan Haihua , Xie Zhijian , Tang Ruikang , Shao Changyu 
Published: January 2024

AbstractEnamel remineralization, which attempts to generate a mineral layer structurally similar to native enamel and restore its mechanical properties, remains a significant challenge. Here, rationally designed peptide amphiphile (PA) molecules bind to amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) particles via electrostatic interactions, imparting anisotropic properties that drive PA‐modified ACP to form spindle‐shaped aggregates. Furthermore, some residual PA molecules may further regulate crystallization and facilitate the formation of well‐aligned hydroxyapatite bundles. Additionally, the involvement of PA can mediate the ordered deposition and fusion of ACP on the enamel surface, and construct the crystalline‐amorphous mineralization front with a continuous structure. This mineralization front ensures epitaxially oriented growth of enamel crystals and achieves a structurally ordered mineral layer similar to that of native enamel, while the mechanical performance is effectively restored. More significantly, the thickness of the newly formed mineral layer can be augmented through cyclic remineralization, benefitting the design of products intended for practical enamel repair.
Enzyme‐Photodynamic Adaptive Bionic Periosteum for Bone Revitalization
Authors: Chen Yazhou , Jin Xiaoqiang , Lu Jinwei , Li Sihao , Li Congsun , Yu Chao , Jiang Guangyao , Ji Xiaoxiao , Yao Minjun , Xiang Zhihui , Yan Shigui , Yan Ruijian , Yu Xiaohua , Li Fangcai 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe lack of periosteum in bone allografts is considered a major cause of bone graft failure; however, the currently used artificial periosteum has failed to proactively adapt to its chronological role in the repair process. This study designed an adaptive periosteal system with dual‐response mechanisms to enable interactive angiogenic/osteogenic stimulation customized for inflammatory and anabolic stages of bone healing. Utilizing the enzymatic reactions and photodynamic properties of gold nanorod‐porous silicon, angiogenic peptides (QK) are released in response to matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP‐2), whereas bone‐forming peptides (BFP) are triggered by timed near‐infrared (NIR) irradiation, providing a portfolio of growth factors that match the dynamics of bone healing. The incorporation of such nanocarriers into a poly(N‐isopropyl acrylamide)/methacrylic acid gel (PNIPAM/GelMA) successfully formed a bionic periosteum that actively adapted to the function of the periosteum in different scenarios, resulting in more than doubled its ability to promote angiogenesis, stem cell migration, and osteogenesis compared to the controls. Furthermore, over 80% of the defects are covered with a new scab after the timed near‐infrared irradiation of large bone defects implanted with the system. The bionic periosteum actively mimicked the role of the periosteum in bone healing and offered a novel selection strategy for adaptability.
Mass Transfer System of a Large Number of Small Objects Based on Conjunction of Triboelectric Nanogenerators and Photo‐Responsive Interface
Authors: Dong Xuanyi , Yang Peng , Liu Zhaoqi , Tao Xinglin , Qin Siyao , Hu Jun , Chu Xiangcheng , Wang Zhong Lin , Chen Xiangyu 
Published: January 2024

AbstractMass transfer technology for large quantities of tiny substances, such as electronic chips and drug particles, plays a crucial role in many industries. This study proposes a transferring system for large quantities of small objects based on the synergism of triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) and photo‐responsive dielectric materials. TENG device can provide an output voltage of over 8 kV within a rotation time of 40 ms and the titanium oxide phthalocyanine (TiOPc) photoconductive films are fabricated as the photo‐responsive interface, in order to match the output impedance of TENG. The transfer system enables a maximum adsorption load of 98 mg mm−2, which is enough for handling all common electronics chips/wafers. Under the stimulation of laser light, the conductivity of the TiOPc interface can be increased by two orders of magnitude within 1 ms, which leads to the vanish of the surface potential on the laser spot and the release of patterned or pointed object. This photo‐responsive strategy can achieve both large quantity transfer of tiny objects and highly selective release of the element at designed position. This collaborative mechanism of electrostatic force and photoconductivity provides a different approach for realizing efficient and precise Mass transfer system of semiconductor and chip industry.
Energy Density Boosted Vanadium Colloid Flow Batteries Realized by a Reversible Nanoparticle Suspension‐Dissolution Strategy
Authors: Wei Jie , Sun Jingjie , Zhang Pengbo , Liu Yuzhu , Dai Tengfei , Sun Lin , Tie Zuoxiu , Jin Zhong 
Published: January 2024

AbstractVanadium redox flow batteries (VRFBs) hold great promise for large‐scale energy storage, but their performance requires further improvement. Herein, a design is proposed for vanadium colloid flow batteries (VCFBs) that integrates the redox chemistry of polyvalent vanadium‐based colloid suspensions with dispersed conductive agents into traditional vanadium electrolytes. The redox‐active colloids combine the advantages of nanoparticle suspensions and dissolved electrolytes, exhibiting good dispersibility, fluidity, conductivity, redox reversibility, and electrochemical kinetics. By leveraging a reversible dissolution/suspension process of high‐concentration vanadium‐based colloids, the VCFBs achieved an energy density of 48 Wh L−1, nearly double that of conventional VRFBs. This work presents a rational design for homologous active material colloids to enhance the energy density of aqueous redox flow batteries, thereby advancing the potential for grid‐scale and renewable energy storage.
Reversed Yolk–Shell Dielectric Scatterers for Advanced Radiative Cooling
Authors: Li Pengli , Liu Yijie , Liu Xiangyu , Wang Ao , Liu Wenjie , Yi Naiqin , Kang Qi , He Meng , Pei Zhantao , Chen Jie , Jiang Pingkai , Li Wei , Bao Hua , Huang Xingyi 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPassive daytime radiative cooling dissipates heat from surfaces by reflecting sunlight and emitting infrared radiation to the cold outer space, featuring a zero‐energy consumption. Polymer‐dielectric radiative cooling coatings have received significant attention because of their scalable preparation, low cost, and ease of use. However, current dielectric scatterers reveal limited solar reflectance in the polymer‐dielectric coatings due to the optical crowding, which reduces cooling effect and hinders practical application. Employing a scalable emulsion templated method, reversed yolk–shell dielectric scatterers (RYSS) are developed to alleviate optical crowding effects in polymer‐dielectric coatings. This results in coatings with a solar reflectance of ≈97.4% and an infrared emittance of ≈96.9%, while achieving a substantial reduction in scatterers content. Besides, simulation results show that RYSS outperforms core–shell, hollow, and solid scatterers in enhancing solar reflectance. Using phase change materials as emulsion templates, RYSS with high heat storage effectively enhance daytime cooling and reduce nighttime over‐cooling. Moreover, cooling experiments on concentrating photovoltaics demonstrate a temperature drop of 42 °C (≈26.2 times extension of lifetime) and a notable 22% increase in open‐circuit voltage. This work suggests that RYSS presents a promising solution to overcome the challenges of radiative cooling materials and pave the way for their practical applications.
Atomically Dispersed Gold Nanoclusters and Single Atoms Coexisting Chiral Electrode for High‐Performance Enantioselective Electrosynthesis using H2o as Hydrogen Source
Authors: Chang Wen , Qi Bo , Wang Ruoyu , Liu Huijie , Chen Guangbo , Hu Guicong , Li Zixian , Sun Jie , Peng Yung‐Kang , Li Guangchao , Kong Xianggui , Song Yu‐Fei , Zhao Yufei 
Published: January 2024

AbstractDeveloping chiral electrode catalysts for enantioselective electrosynthesis is a great challenge, as it requires catalysts that possess both high activity and enantioselectivity. Precise synthesis of nanoclusters and single atoms coexisting chiral catalysts provide a promising pathway for enhancing asymmetric catalytic performance. Herein, chiral electrode catalysts are fabricated comprising gold clusters (R‐AuC) and single atoms (R‐AuS) on graphene oxide (R‐AuC/S@GO) through an assembly‐irradiation strategy. Thereinto, the R‐Aus is in situ generated from R‐AuC under light irradiation. The monoatomization process can be precisely regulated by changing the wavelength of the light, resulting in four Au‐based chiral electrode (R‐Au@GO) catalysts with different ratios of nanoclusters and single atoms. These chiral electrodes are applied in the electrocatalytic enantioselective hydrogenation of methyl benzoylformate (MB) to chiral methyl mandelate (S‐MM), and the R‐AuC/S‐2@GO with ≈26% R‐AuC and 74% R‐AuS achieve the highest catalytic activity (35 µmol cm−2 h−1 productivity) and enantioselectivity [97% enantiomeric excess (ee)]. Detailed experimental analysis and density functional theory calculations reveal that the R‐AuS on GO promotes the in situ generation of H* species, and R‐AuC mainly drives the enantioselective conversion of MB by transferring the H* species to the carbonyl group of MB, ultimately yielding chiral S‐MM.
Rational Design of Near‐Infrared Polymer Acceptors Using Steric Hindrance Strategy for High‐Performance Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Li Xiaoming , Chen Lingyu , Meng Lingxian , Zhang Chen , Duan Xiaopeng , Man Yuheng , Jee Min Hun , Han Lili , Pan Yiyang , Wei Donghui , Wan Xiangjian , Woo Han Young , Chen Yongsheng , Sun Yanming 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe unprecedented development of all‐polymer solar cells (all‐PSCs) is hindered by their low short‐circuit current density (Jsc), mainly due to the absence of near‐infrared (NIR) polymer acceptor materials. To tackle this challenge, a molecular design principle is proposed, which involves the regulation of steric hindrance on the fused‐ring backbone to obtain NIR polymer acceptors. Accordingly, three acceptors named PTz‐Ph, PTz‐Me, and PTz‐H are synthesized by substituting the Phenyl, Methyl, and Hydrogen in the beta position of the thiophene unit based on fused‐ring molecules. Different from the necessity of steric hindrance of small molecule acceptors in achieving an outstanding performance, polymer acceptor PTz‐H without steric hindrance‐substitution achieves a record‐high efficiency for the benzotriazole‐based all‐PSCs. Then, introducing PTz‐H into the binary PBDB‐T:PTz‐BO system, the ternary all‐PSC exhibits a splendid efficiency of 18.16%, which has surpassed the efficiencies of most benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole‐based counterparts. In addition, an organic tandem solar cell is successfully fabricated, which exhibits a high efficiency of 17.49%. This work provides an effective and readily accessible design strategy for designing high‐performance NIR polymer acceptors, showing the great potential for future organic photovoltaic applications.
Design of a Dual‐Band Waveform‐Selective Metasurface Absorber Based on the Combination of Two Resonator Structures Loaded with Nonlinear Circuits
Authors: Qian Yingjie , Cheng Yongzhi , Luo Hui , Chen Fu , Fathnan Ashif Aminulloh , Wakatsuchi Hiroki 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn this paper, a design scheme for a dual‐band waveform‐selective metasurface absorber (MSA) is presented based on the combination of two metal resonator structures loaded with nonlinear circuits. Dual‐band MSAs with four different configurations are constructed by loading capacitor/inductor‐based nonlinear circuits into the gaps of two square‐patch (SP) and two square‐ring (SR) resonators, all of which can achieve selective absorption of short pulses and continuous waves (CWs) at two frequencies independently. As a typical example, the dual‐band MSA with the SP resonator loaded with the inductor‐based nonlinear circuit and the SR resonator loaded with the capacitor‐based nonlinear circuit is systematically studied. First, the selective absorption performance of the dual‐band MSA for CWs and pulses under different input powers is demonstrated. Second, the selective absorption properties of the dual‐band MSA for pulses with different pulse widths are studied. Third, the waveform‐selective absorption characteristics of the dual‐band MSA for oblique TE and TM waves are also illustrated. Finally, the influence of circuit component parameters on the selective absorption properties of pulses and CWs is systematically studied. The proposed dual‐band MSAs have potential application areas such as antenna design, wireless communications, and electromagnetic compatibility.
Local Steric Hindrance for CO2 Electroreduction at a Thermodynamic Potential and Wide Working Window
Authors: Li Ming , Yang Kang , Sun Yuntong , Gao Tianqi , Nie Zhihao , Chen Sheng , Li Qiang , Duan Jingjing 
Published: January 2024

AbstractTo improve the energy‐conversion efficiency and adaptability between a CO2 electroreduction system and intermittent renewable energy, small onset potentials, and wide working windows are highly important. Here, three indium metal–organic frameworks (In‐MOFs) have been projected using different ligands to adjust the local steric hindrance and electronic structure of In nodes, manipulating the whole workflow of CO2 during electroreduction including local CO2 transport, adsorption, activation, hydrogenation, and product desorption. Significantly, a CO2 electroreduction to formate process promoted by 2,5‐TDC In‐MOF shows an onset potential of −0.1 V versus RHE around the therymodynamic potential, over 90% FEforamte in a wide current‐density window from 0.1 to 0.9 A cm−2. Driven by solar cells, the system displays a high solar‐to‐chemical efficiency of 17.39%. In depth mechanism study indicates that the local CO2 transport and adsorption of all In‐MOFs are thermodynamically and kinetically favorable, while the energy barrier of potential‐determine step (*HCOOH desorption) is the lowest for 2,5‐TDC In‐MOF.
High‐Performance Ternary Organic Solar Cells with Enhanced Luminescence Efficiency and Miscibility Enabled by Two Compatible Acceptors
Authors: Zhang Cai'e , Zheng Rui , Huang Hao , Ran Guangliu , Liu Wenxu , Chen Qiaoling , Wu Baohua , Wang Hang , Luo Zhenghui , Zhang Wenkai , Ma Wei , Bo Zhishan , Yang Chuluo 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe ternary strategy has proven to be an effective method for improving the efficiency of organic solar cells (OSCs). However, designing and selecting the third component still pose challenges. In this study, this issue is addressed by focusing on the PBDB‐T:Y18‐F binary system and introducing a new, strong luminescent, asymmetric small‐molecule acceptor (SMA) called L8‐CBIC‐Cl, which shares a similar skeleton with Y18‐F. The similarity in molecular framework facilitates good compatibility between the two acceptors, resulting in the formation of an alloy‐like acceptor phase. Furthermore, the norbornenyl‐modified end group in L8‐CBIC‐Cl contributes to its strong luminescent properties, which in turn leads to a low non‐radiative energy loss and a high open‐circuit voltage. Consequently, the PBDB‐T:L8‐CBIC‐Cl:Y18‐F based ternary devices realize a high power conversion efficiency (PCE) up to 17.01%, which is higher than PBDB‐T:Y18‐F device (14.49%). Importantly, L8‐CBIC‐Cl exhibits a good universality as a guest acceptor in other three binary systems (D18:Y6, D18:BTP‐eC9‐4F, and D18:L8‐BO). The D18:L8‐BO:L8‐CBIC‐Cl device shows an impressive efficiency of 19%. The work demonstrates that employing SMA with a high PLQY and better miscibility with host acceptor as the third component has a great potential for developing high‐efficiency ternary OSCs.
Quasi‐in situ Observation of MnO2Nanorods by Electrochemical Transmission Electron Microscopy for Oxygen Reduction Reaction Process
Authors: Han Zengyu , Roslie Hany , Tan Shu Fen , Wu Dongshuang 
Published: January 2024

Understanding the electrode materials’ surface is of fundamental importance for catalytic studies as most electrochemical reactions take place there. Although several operando techniques have been used to monitor the electrocatalytic process, real‐time imaging techniques for observing the surface change on electrode materials are still a challenge and limited to a few stable catalytic systems. Herein, the quasi‐in situ electrochemical transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was carried out to track the morphological and local structure evolution during the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) on manganese dioxide (MnO2) for the first time. The α‐MnO2nanorods exhibit comparable ORR electrocatalytic activity (half‐wave potential,E1/2: 0.83 vs. 0.85 V vs. RHE; diffusion‐limiting current density,Jd: −5.46 vs. −5.52 mA cm−2) and better methanol tolerance than Pt/C. An electrochemical TEM chip assembled with a three‐electrode system was used to perform the electrochemical experiments similar to typical testing procedures. The ex situ and quasi‐in situ TEM images consistently showed that MnO2nanorods had undergone surface roughening, and lattice expansion with 0.97% and 1.97% in theaandc‐axis, respectively as ORR proceeded. The quasi‐in situ electrochemical TEM fills the gap between ex situ characterization and operando spectroscopies and deepens the mechanistic understanding of electrocatalytic processes.
Optimal retrofitting of conventional oil refinery into sustainable bio‐refinery under uncertainty
Authors: Zhang Lifeng , Torres Ana Inés , Chen Bingzhen , Yuan Zhihong , Grossmann Ignacio E. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis article focuses on a novel optimization problem to retrofit a conventional fossil‐based refinery into a hybrid biomass‐based refinery. A mixed‐integer linear programming model, which considers a 10‐year‐long retrofit planning along with operational constraints in each year, is formulated. The problem is extended to a multistage stochastic programming model to handle both endogenous and exogenous uncertainties, and solved through a series of two‐stage stochastic programming subproblems. Furthermore, a Lagrangean decomposition algorithm is implemented to solve such a problem. By determining whether to add new units or retrofit existing units to the selected biomass‐based technologies, the results provide flexible design alternatives with consideration of operational constraints for each year. The results show the advantages of the selected biomass‐based technologies and enhance the performance of the final solution under uncertainty.
Dehydrative Condensation of Carboxylic Acids with Amines Promoted by HBF4/MS 5A
Authors: Ohmura Shuhei , Ishikawa Tatsuya , Huang Qianchun , Horibe Takahiro , Ishihara Kazuaki 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe direct dehydrative condensation of carboxylic acids with amines is one of the most straightforward methods for the synthesis of amides. We discovered that HBF4 effectively promotes the coupling of several N‐protected amino acids in the presence of molecular sieves (MS) 5A to afford the corresponding peptides in good to high yield. Interestingly, the recovered MS 5A could be reused as a catalyst even in the absence of additional HBF4 for the dehydrative condensation. This protocol is not limited to the synthesis of peptides, but generally works for the synthesis of amides from a variety of carboxylic acids and amines.