bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of phenobarbital for prevention of alcohol withdrawal in trauma patients
Authors: Kip Lindsey Marie , Forni Allison , Dorfman Jon David , Li Irene 
Published: October 2023

BACKGROUND
Up to 30% of trauma patients experience alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS) during their hospital admission, which is associated with worse outcomes. While benzodiazepines and phenobarbital are the mainstay of AWS management, there are limited data on the prevention of AWS. The objective was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of phenobarbital for the prevention of AWS.

METHODS
Adult patients admitted to a level 1 trauma center who received at least one dose of phenobarbital for the prevention of AWS between January 2019 and August 2021 were included. Patients were case matched to a control group managed with symptom-triggered therapy based on risk of AWS. Risk factors included sex, age, history of AWS/delirium tremens or withdrawal seizures, selected laboratory values, and screening questionnaires. The primary endpoint was the need for rescue therapy. Secondary endpoints included the time to rescue therapy, intensive care unit (ICU) length of stay (LOS), and hospital LOS.

RESULTS
Overall, 110 patients were included with 55 patients in each group. The phenobarbital group had higher baseline Injury Severity Scores (p = 0.03) and were more likely to be admitted to the ICU (44% vs. 24%; p = 0.03). The phenobarbital group required less rescue therapy (16% vs. 62%; p < 0.001) with a longer time to rescue therapy administration (26 vs. 11 hours; p = 0.01). The phenobarbital group had a longer hospital LOS (216 vs. 87 hours; p = 0.0001) but no difference in ICU LOS (p = 0.36). There was no incidence of delirium tremens or seizures and no difference in intubation rates (p = 0.68). There was no incidence of hypotension associated with phenobarbital.

CONCLUSION
Patients managed with phenobarbital had a lower need for rescue therapy for AWS with no increased adverse effects. Further studies should evaluate a protocol to prevent alcohol withdrawal in the trauma population.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Therapeutic/Care Management; Level III.
Reclaiming the management of common duct stones in acute care surgery
Authors: Bosley Maggie E. , Ganapathy Aravindh S. , Sanin Gloria D. , Cambronero Gabriel E. , Neff Lucas P. , Syriani Fadi A. , Gaffley Michaela W. , Evangelista Meagan E. , Westcott Carl J. , Miller Preston R. , Nunn Andrew M. 
Published: October 2023

BACKGROUND
Acute care surgery (ACS) is well positioned to manage choledocholithiasis at the time of laparoscopic cholecystectomy, but barriers to laparoscopic common bile duct exploration (LCBDE) include experience and the perceived need for specialized equipment. The technical complexity of this pathway is generally seen as challenging. As such, LCBDE is historically relegated to the “enthusiast.” However, a simplified, effective LCBDE technique as part of a “surgery first” strategy could drive wider adoption in the specialty most often managing these patients. To determine efficacy and safety, we sought to compare our initial ACS-driven experience with a simple, fluoroscopy-guided, catheter-based LCBDE approach during laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) to LC with endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP).

METHODS
We reviewed ACS patients who underwent LCBDE or LC + ERCP (pre−/postoperative) at a tertiary care center in the 4 years since starting this surgery first approach. Demographics, outcomes, and length of stay (LOS) were compared on an intention to treat basis. Laparoscopic common bile duct exploration was performed via using wire/catheter Seldinger techniques under fluoroscopic guidance with flushing or balloon dilation of the sphincter as needed. Our primary outcomes were LOS and successful duct clearance.

RESULTS
One hundred eighty patients were treated for choledocholithiasis with 71 undergoing LCBDE. The success rate of catheter-based LCBDE was 70.4%. Length of stay was significantly reduced for the LCBDE group compared with the LC + ERCP group (48.8 vs. 84.3 hours, p < 0.01). Of note, there were no intraoperative or postoperative complications in the LCBDE group.

CONCLUSION
A simplified catheter-based approach to LCBDE is safe and associated with decreased LOS when compared with LC + ERCP. This simplified step-up approach may help facilitate wider LCBDE utilization by ACS providers who are well positioned for a timely surgery first approach in the management of uncomplicated choledocholithiasis.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Therapeutic/Care Management; Level IV.
Exploring the intersection of autism spectrum disorder and eating disorders: understanding the unique challenges and treatment considerations for autistic women with eating disorders
Authors: Schröder Sabrina S. , Danner Unna N. , Spek Annelies A. , van Elburg Annemarie A. 
Published: October 2023

Purpose of review
Autistic women struggle with high levels of both autistic eating behaviours and disordered eating behaviours, which might make them particularly vulnerable to develop eating disorders. Research investigating the presence and characteristics of eating disorders in autistic women is however limited, as is research examining the role of autism in the treatment and recovery of an eating disorder in autistic women.

Recent findings
The link between autism and eating disorders has mainly been investigated from the field of eating disorder research, with studies finding an overrepresentation of autism or autistic traits in eating disorders populations. Findings also suggest that autism or autistic traits are associated with a more serious presentation of the eating disorders, including a higher chance of a chronic course of the eating disorders. Most studies however lack comprehensive autism assessments, making it difficult to determine the actual prevalence of autism and its role in women with eating disorders.

Summary
Autistic women with an eating disorder seem to suffer from more complex eating disorders and seem to not benefit from current treatment modalities. This could be partly related to specific autism characteristics such as sensory sensitivities, which are not being considered by current treatment protocols. Future research needs to shed light on what underlies the eating behaviours of autistic women with an eating disorder, in order to help to adapt current treatment modalities to meet the unique needs of these women.
Neuronal activity and reward processing in relation to binge eating
Authors: Vrieze Elske , Leenaerts Nicolas 
Published: October 2023

Purpose of review
Studies increasingly show the importance of reward processing in binge eating and provide evidence of associated changes in the neurobiological reward system. This review gives an up-to-date overview of the neurobiological substrates of reward processing subconstructs in binge eating. Neural findings are linked to different behavioral theories and the clinical relevance is discussed.

Recent findings
Increased neural responses in the orbitofrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex as well as striatum during anticipation and receipt of food rewards are found in association to binge eating. Increased model-free learning is also found and associated with altered brain reward reactivity. Data in rest report reduced striatal dopamine release and lower frontostriatal connectivity. Mechanisms of onset of binge eating are less clear, but specific personality traits, related to frontostriatal dysconnectivity, probably increase the risk of binge eating onset.

Summary
Both structural and task-based imaging studies show differences in the neurobiological reward system in binge eating. These changes are linked to specific reward processing, such as altered reward responsiveness to food cues, reinforcement learning, and habitual behavior. Findings are lined with different behavioral theories of binge eating, and a staging model is described, from onset to full illness development. Understanding the specific underlying aberrant reward mechanism in binge eating, associated with different stages of the illness, enables caregivers to focus their treatment more precisely.
Mental health in patients affected by atopic dermatitis: which effects of treatment with dupilumab?
Authors: Ferrucci Silvia Mariel , Tavecchio Simona , Nicolini Gregorio , Angileri Luisa , Ceresa Alessandro , Del Tordello Giulia , Berti Emilio , Marzano Angelo Valerio , Buoli Massimiliano 
Published: October 2023

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is an inflammatory skin disease. Patients with AD are prone to develop anxiety and mood disorders. Aim of this study is to investigate if treatment with dupilumab may improve mental health status of patients affected by AD.
A total of 66 patients with severe AD were included: 24 subjects were candidate or have just started (one month) treatment with dupilumab, and 42 have been in treatment for one year.
25.8%, 30.3%, and 45.5% of the total sample showed, respectively, clinically significant anxiety, depression, and symptoms of Internet addiction. Patients with anxiety symptoms resulted to have more severe AD, more sleep problems (P = 0.028), less quality of life (P = 0.001), more severe depressive symptoms (P < 0.001), to be more frequently women (P = 0.016), to be less frequently treated with dupilumab for one year (P = 0.025). Similarly, patients with clinically significant depressive symptoms resulted to have more severe AD, more sleep problems (P = 0.003), less quality of life (P < 0.001), more severe anxiety symptoms (P < 0.001), to be less frequently treated with dupilumab for one year (P = 0.008).
Patients with AD treated for one year with dupilumab showed a better mental health profile in terms of less severe anxiety and depression with respect to their counterparts.
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Trials: Cutting, Sliding, or Keeping mRS Scores and WFNS Grades
Authors: Mistry Akshitkumar M. , Saver Jeffrey , Mack William , Kamel Hooman , Elm Jordan , Beall Jonathan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractRigorous evidence generation with randomized controlled trials (RCTs) has lagged for aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) compared to other forms of acute stroke. Besides its lower incidence compared to other stroke subtypes, the presentation and outcome of SAH patients also differ. This must be considered and adjusted for in designing pivotal RCTs of SAH patients. Here, we show the effect of the unique expected distribution of the SAH severity at presentation (World Federation of Neurological Surgeons, WFNS, grade) on the outcome most used in pivotal stroke RCTs (modified Rankin Scale, mRS) and consequently on the sample size. Further, we discuss the advantages and disadvantages of different options to analyze the outcome and control the expected distribution of WFNS grades in addition to showing their effects on the sample size. Last, we offer methods that investigators can adapt to more precisely understand the effect of common mRS analysis methods and trial eligibility pertaining to the WFNS grade in designing their large-scale SAH RCTs.PurposeThe generation of rigorous evidence to inform the management of patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) has lagged other types of acute strokes. The reason for this lag is multifactorial—one being that SAH has the lowest incidence of all forms of stroke. However, the paucity of SAH randomized controlled trials (RCTs) can also be self-exacerbating. Rather than adopting existing trial designs and biostatistical methods, it forces new investigators to craft these anew. Here, we provide a basic biostatistical guide for investigators to navigate two foundational dilemmas in designing large-scale SAH RCTs.
Evaluation of tooth sensitivity after scaling and root planing treated with photobiomodulation: a randomized controlled split-mouth double-blind clinical protocol
Authors: García Olazabal María Victoria , Pascuali Moya Luis Eduardo , Consolandich Cirisola Rolf Wilhem , Sobral Ana Paula Taboada , Bruno Laura Hermida , Safi Federico Todeschini , Longo Priscila Larcher , Chavantes Maria Cristina , Navarro Ricardo Scarparo , Duran Cinthya Cosme Gutierrez , Fernandes Kristianne Porta Santos , Mesquita Ferrari Raquel Agnelli , Bussadori Sandra Kalil , Motta Lara Jansiski , Horliana Anna Carolina Ratto Tempestini 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIt is well known that hypersensitivity affects patients recently treated with scaling and root planing. Some studies have demonstrated that photobiomodulation (PBM) can alleviate dentinal hypersensitivity by modulating pain. However, to date, there is no established protocol for its application after scaling and root planning. To evaluate tooth hypersensibility after photobiomodulation in sensitive scaling and root planning treated teeth. Study design: Randomized, controlled, double-blind split-mouth clinical trial. Methods: Forty-four patients with dentin sensibility after non-surgical scaling and root planning (SRP) will be randomly included in 2 groups: Experimental Group: SRP+ Photobiomodulation (PBM) (660nm, 100W, area 0,5cm2, 200w/cm2, 30 seconds, 3 J, 6J/cm2) and Control Group: Scaling and root planning +FBM simulation. After 7 days of scaling and root planning, all patients will be evaluated for hypersensibility. The cutoff of VAS will be 3. These patients will be included in the study. The primary outcome of the study will be the assessment of dentin hypersensitivity after 7 days of RAR measured with the visual analog scale (VAS). Also, it will be assessed the impact of oral health on the participant’s quality of life, with the OHIP-14 questionnaire. The use of analgesics (paracetamol) will be prescribed as needed and the amount of medication will be calculated. These outcomes will be evaluated after 7 days and 1 month of application. If the data are normal, they will be submitted to the ANOVA test – one way. Data will be presented as means ± SD and the p-value will be set to < 0.05.
Local Thermal Adaptation occurs via Modulation of Mitochondrial Activity in Chinook Salmon
Authors: Dimos Bradford , Lopez Alex , Schulte Patricia , Phelps Michael 
Published: October 2023

AbstractFreshwater and anadromous fish have been identified as one of the most at-risk groups threatened by climate induced warming given their metabolic dependence on environmental temperature and limited ability to track favorable environmental conditions. The future of these fish will depend on their ability to adapt to new thermal regimes over biologically relevant timescales. However, the mechanistic understanding of temperature responses required to predict if adaption can keep pace with climate change is limited. To address this question, we investigated the mechanistic basis of thermal adaptation across multiple levels of biological organization in the iconic and endangered Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). We uncovered a mechanistic basis of thermal adaptation centered on the thermal responsiveness of mitochondrial function which modulates the extent to which rising temperatures increase metabolic demand on the cardio-respiratory system. These insights demonstrate that the populations studied here are able to maintain high levels of physiological performance at temperatures several degrees above historic averages, indicating that the decline Chinook Salmon and failure to recover despite conservation efforts is unlikely to be due to increased temperatures as a consequence of climate change.
Convergent evolution of ventral adaptations for enrollment in trilobites and extant euarthropods
Authors: Losso Sarah R. , Affatato Pauline , Nanglu Karma , Ortega-Hernández Javier 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe ability to enroll for protection is an effective defensive strategy that has convergently evolved multiple times in disparate animal groups ranging from euarthropods to mammals. Enrollment is an evolutionary staple of trilobites, and their biomineralized dorsal exoskeleton offers a versatile substrate for the evolution of interlocking devices. However, it is unknown whether trilobites also featured ventral adaptations for enrolment. Here, we report ventral exoskeletal adaptations that facilitate enrollment in exceptionally preserved trilobites from the Upper Ordovician Walcott-Rust Quarry in New York State, USA. Walcott-Rust trilobites reveal the intricate three-dimensional organization of the non-biomineralized ventral anatomy preserved as calcite casts, including the spatial relationship between the articulated sternites (i.e., ventral exoskeletal plates) and the wedge-shaped protopodites. Enrollment in trilobites is achieved by ventrally dipping the anterior margin of the sternites during trunk flexure, facilitated by the presence of flexible membranes, and the close coupling of the wedge-shaped protopodites. Comparisons with the ventral morphology of extant glomerid millipedes and terrestrial isopods reveal similar mechanisms used for enrollment. The wedge-shaped protopodites of trilobites closely resemble the gnathobasic coxa/protopodite of extant horseshoe crabs. We propose that the trilobites’ wedge-shaped protopodite simultaneously facilitates tight enrollment and gnathobasic feeding with the trunk appendages.
ONECUT2 Activates Diverse Resistance Drivers of Androgen Receptor-Independent Heterogeneity in Prostate Cancer
Authors: Qian Chen , Yang Qian , Rotinen Mirja , Huang Rongrong , Kim Hyoyoung , Gallent Brad , Yan Yiwu , Cadaneanu Radu M. , Zhang Baohui , Kaochar Salma , Freedland Stephen J. , Posadas Edwin M. , Ellis Leigh , Di Vizio Dolores , Morrissey Colm , Nelson Peter S. , Brady Lauren , Murali Ramachandran , Campbell Moray J. , Yang Wei , Knudsen Beatrice S. , Mostaghel Elahe A. , Ye Huihui , Garraway Isla P. , You Sungyong , Freeman Michael R. 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACTSignificance StatementONECUT2 (OC2) is a master transcription factor that alters lineage identity by activating gene networks associated with both neuroendocrine prostate cancer and prostate adenocarcinoma. A small molecule inhibitor of OC2 represses the lineage plasticity program activated by enzalutamide, suggesting OC2 inhibition as a novel therapeutic strategy to prevent emergence of treatment-resistant variants.Graphic AbstractAndrogen receptor-(AR-) indifference is a mechanism of resistance to hormonal therapy in prostate cancer (PC). Here we demonstrate that the HOX/CUT transcription factor ONECUT2 (OC2) activates resistance through multiple drivers associated with adenocarcinoma, stem-like and neuroendocrine (NE) variants. Direct OC2 targets include the glucocorticoid receptor and the NE splicing factorSRRM4, among others. OC2 regulates gene expression by promoter binding, enhancement of chromatin accessibility, and formation of novel super-enhancers. OC2 also activates glucuronidation genes that irreversibly disable androgen, thereby evoking phenotypic heterogeneity indirectly by hormone depletion. Pharmacologic inhibition of OC2 suppresses lineage plasticity reprogramming induced by the AR signaling inhibitor enzalutamide. These results demonstrate that OC2 activation promotes a range of drug resistance mechanisms associated with treatment-emergent lineage variation in PC. Our findings support enhanced efforts to therapeutically target this protein as a means of suppressing treatment-resistant disease.
Nested biofabrication: Matryoshka-inspired Intra-embedded Bioprinting
Authors: Alioglu Mecit Altan , Yilmaz Yasar Ozer , Singh Yogendra Pratap , Nagamine Momoka , Celik Nazmiye , Kim Myoung Hwan , Pal Vaibhav , Gupta Deepak , Ozbolat Ibrahim T. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractEngineering functional tissues and organs remains a fundamental pursuit in biofabrication. However, the accurate constitution of complex shapes and internal anatomical features of specific organs, including their intricate blood vessels and nerves, remains a significant challenge. Inspired by the Matryoshka doll, we here introduce a new method called ‘Intra-Embedded Bioprinting (IEB),’ building upon existing embedded bioprinting methods. We used a xanthan gum-based material, which served a dual role as both a bioprintable ink and a support bath, due to its unique shear-thinning and self-healing properties. We demonstrated IEB’s capabilities in organ modelling, creating a miniaturized replica of a pancreas using a photocrosslinkable silicone composite. Further, a head phantom and a Matryoshka doll were 3D printed, exemplifying IEB’s capability to manufacture intricate, nested structures. Towards the use case of IEB and employing innovative coupling strategy between extrusion-based and aspiration-assisted bioprinting, we developed a breast tumor model that included a central channel mimicking a blood vessel, with tumor spheroids bioprinted in proximity. Validation using a clinically-available chemotherapeutic drug illustrated its efficacy in reducing the tumor volume via perfusion over time. This method opens a new way of bioprinting enabling the creation of complex-shaped organs with internal anatomical features.
Hydrophobic Clusters Direct Folding of a Synthetic Chimeric Protein
Authors: Jalan Abhishek A. , Hassine Lukas , Romero-Romero Sergio , Hübner Julian , Schweimer Kristian , Höcker Birte 
Published: October 2023

AbstractExtant proteins frequently share sub-domain sized fragments, suggesting that among other mechanisms, proteins evolved new structure and functions via recombination of existing fragments. While the role of protein fragments as evolutionary units is well-established, their biophysical features necessary for generating a well-folded and stable protein are not clearly understood. In order to probe how fragments determine foldability and stability of recombined proteins, we investigated the stability, folding and dynamics of a synthetic chimera created by fusion of fragments of the chemotactic response regulator protein CheY that belongs to the flavodoxin-like fold and imidazole glycerol phosphate synthase from histidine biosynthesis (HisF) which harbors the TIM-barrel fold. The chimera unfolds via an equilibrium intermediate. Mutation of a glycine residue present at the interface of the CheY and HisF fragments to a valine abrogates the equilibrium intermediate while mutation to isoleucine dramatically increases the native state kinetic stability without any significant change in the folding rate. Parts of the fragment interface in the chimera are found to be conformationally dynamic while hydrophobic mutations globally increase its conformational rigidity. We hypothesize that the hydrophobic mutation improves sidechain packing in a large cluster of isoleucine, leucine and valine (ILV) residues that spans the fragment interface. We also extrapolate that inheritance of large ILV clusters from parent proteins could be a key determinant of successful fragment recombination.
Next-generation genetic sexing strain establishment in the agricultural pestCeratitis capitata
Authors: Davydova Serafima , Liu Junru , Kandul Nikolay P. , Braswell W. Evan , Akbari Omar S. , Meccariello Angela 
Published: October 2023

AbstractTephritid fruit fly pests pose an increasing threat to the agricultural industry due to their global dispersion and a highly invasive nature. Here we showcase the feasibility of an early-detection SEPARATOR sex sorting approach through using the non-model Tephritid pest,Ceratitis capitata. This system relies on female-only fluorescent marker expression, accomplished through the use of a sex-specific intron of the highly-conservedtransformergene fromC. capitataandAnastrepha ludens. The herein characterized strains have 100% desired phenotype outcomes, allowing accurate male-female separation during early development. Overall, we describe an antibiotic and temperature-independent sex-sorting system inC. capitata, which, moving forward, may be implemented in other non-model Tephritid pest species. This strategy can facilitate the establishment of genetic sexing systems with endogenous elements exclusively, which, on a wider scale, can improve pest population control strategies like sterile insect technique.