bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating the Antifeedant Effects of Andrographolide-based Formulations against Lampides boeticus L., under Laboratory Condition
Authors: Raj Neethu G. , Santhosh Kumar T.  
Published: February 2024

Aims: To evaluate the antifeedant activity of Lampides boeticus (Linnaeus,1767), larvae exposed to various concentrations of Andrographolide-based formulations under laboratory conditions.
Study Design: Completely Randomized Design
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, Vellayani and NCESS, Kerala during 2019- 2023.
Methodology: The experiment was conducted with 9 treatments and 4 replications, treatments included various concentrations (1,3,5 and 7%) of formulations A (Andrographolide (70%) + Neem oil (20%) + Triton X-100 (10%)) and B (Andrographolide (70%) + Pungam oil (20%) + Triton X-100 (10%)). To assess the impact of formulations in the feeding behaviour of freshly moulted third instar larvae of L.boeticus L., no choice bioassay method was used. Each Petri plate lined with moist filter paper, confined a single larva with the treated pods of each specific concentration. The weight of the food consumed by the larvae was recorded at an interval of 24 hours after treatment and calculated percent feeding, per cent feeding inhibition, antifeedant activity (protection over control) and preference index of L. boeticus L., larvae against the formulations.
Results: The results revealed that 7% of formulation A exhibits the highest larval feeding inhibition (93.05%), followed by 7% of formulation B (87.81%). Both formulations at 5% concentrations also demonstrate significant antifeedant effects. Preference index values categorize 7% of formulations A and B as extremely antifeedant. The findings highlight the efficacy of these formulations in inhibiting larval feeding, with potential applications in pest management strategies.
Conclusion: The present findings have demonstrated the notable efficacy of formulations A and B, particularly at the 7% concentration, in significantly inhibiting larval feeding of L.boeticus L., and the reduction in larval feeding percentages, coupled with high antifeedant activity and feeding inhibition rates, highlights the potential of andrographolide based formulations as potent biopesticides.
Conjugated Oligomers with Terminal Donor–Acceptor Substitution
Authors: Meier Herbert 
Published: April 2005

AbstractConjugated oligomers represent a prominent class of compounds from a viewpoint of their theory, synthesis, and applications in materials science. Push‐pull substitution with an electron donor D at one end of the conjugation and an electron acceptor A at the other end results in them having outstanding optical and electronical properties. This Review highlights fundamental synthetic strategies for the preparation of such oligomers with n repeat units (n=1, 2, 3, 4, …︁) and the rules that govern their linear and nonlinear optical properties (absorption, frequency doubling and tripling). The unification of chemical, physical, and theoretical aspects with an interdisciplinary image of this class of compounds is attempted herein.
Characterization of poly(D,L‐lactic acid) synthesized by direct melt polymerization and its application in Chinese traditional medicine compound prescription microspheres
Authors: Zhao Yaoming , Wang Zhaoyang , Yang Fan 
Published: April 2005

AbstractFrom D,L‐lactic acid and with 0.5 wt % stannous chloride (SnCl2) as a catalyst under an absolute pressure of 70 Pa and at 165–170°C, poly(D,L‐lactic acid) (PDLLA) with an intrinsic viscosity of 0.2302 dL/g was synthesized after 10 h of melt polycondensation. This directly produced PDLLA was systematically characterized with gel permeation chromatography, Fourier transform infrared, 1H‐NMR, differential scanning calorimetry, and X‐ray diffraction. The weight‐average molecular weight of PDLLA was 17,800 Da, and the weight‐average molecular weight/number‐average molecular weight ratio was 1.25. It was partly crystalline, and its crystallinity was 20.8%. When first applied to the Chinese traditional medicine compound prescription Osteitis no. 1 PDLLA microsphere (G‐PDLLA‐MS), the optimal conditions for the extraction of the effective components in three raw herbs (Herba epimedii, Fructus psorakae, and Angelicae) and for the preparation of G‐PDLLA‐MS were determined with orthogonal testing. After the extractant was obtained by ethanol reflux, G‐PDLLA‐MS was prepared with a gelatin concentration of 8%, an inner water phase/oil phase volume ratio of 1.5:1, a stirring rate of dispersion of 1000 rpm, and a PDLLA concentration of 20%. Differential scanning calorimetry and scanning electron microscopy proved that G‐PDLLA‐MS had a good spherical shape. The practical average particle size of G‐PDLLA‐MS was 8.59 μm, and the particle sum between 2 and 12 μm was greater than 92%; this meets the requirement for an arthritis cure. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 97: 195–200, 2005
Basiskonzepte ‐ eine Herausforderung an den Chemieunterricht
Authors: Demuth Reinhard , Ralle Bernd , Parchmann Ilka 
Published: April 2005

AbstractDie Diskussion um Basiskonzepte, Leitideen o.ä. hat in jüngster Zeit nicht zuletzt durch die PISA‐Studie oder die Formulierung einheitlicher Bildungsstandards neuen Aufwind bekommen. Der nachfolgende Beitrag versucht, die Begriffsvielfalt zu klären und Hintergründe zu beleuchten. Ein späterer Beitrag wird darauf aufbauend konkrete Beispiele einer unterrichtlichen Umsetzung aufzeigen.
Der ‚interaktive’︁ Bleiakku im Chemieunterricht. Eine Untersuchung im Rahmen des Projektes ChiLe ‐ Chemie interaktiv Lernen
Authors: Pietzner Verena , Meyer Hannes 
Published: April 2005

AbstractDurch die fortschreitende technische Ausstattung der Schulen mit Computern und Präsentationstechnik eröffnen sich auch für den Chemieunterricht zunehmend Möglichkeiten des Computereinsatzes. Das im Folgenden vorgestellte Projekt ChiLe schafft Angebote für eine leichte Integration des Computers in den klassischen Chemieunterricht. Zusätzlich bzw. parallel zur Bereitstellung wird erforscht, welche Auswirkungen der Computereinsatz im Chemieunterricht auf die Behaltensleistung und das Lernklima hat. Eine erste Untersuchung erfolgte im Rahmen einer Fallstudie mit der Lerneinheit „Der Bleiakku”︁.
Inferior olivary neurons innervate multiple zones of the flocculus in pigeons (Columba livia)
Authors: Pakan Janelle M.P. , Todd Kathryn G. , Nguyen Angela P. , Winship Ian R. , Hurd Peter L. , Jantzie Lauren L. , Wylie Douglas R.W. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractComplex spike activity of floccular Purkinje cells responds to patterns of rotational optic flow about the vertical axis (rVA neurons) or a horizontal axis 45° to the midline (rH45 neurons). The pigeon flocculus is organized into four parasagittal zones: two rVA zones (zones 0 and 2) interdigitated with two rH45 zones (zones 1 and 3). Climbing fiber input to the rVA and rH45 zones arises in the caudal and rostral regions of the medial column of the inferior olive (mcIO), respectively. To determine whether the two rVA zones and the two rH45 zones receive input from different areas of the caudal and rostral mcIO and whether individual neurons project to both zones of the same rotational preference, different colors of fluorescent retrograde tracer were injected into the two rVA or two rH45 zones. For the rVA injections, retrogradely labeled cells from the two zones were intermingled in the caudal mcIO, but the distribution of cells labeled from zone 0 was slightly caudal to that from zone 2. On average, 18% of neurons were double labeled. For the rH45 injections, cells retrogradely labeled from the two zones were intermingled in the rostral mcIO, but the distribution of cells labeled from zone 1 was slightly rostral to that from zone 3. On average, 22% of neurons were double labeled. In sum, each of the two rVA zones and the two rH45 zones receives input from slightly different regions of the mcIO, and about 20% of the neurons project to both zones. J. Comp. Neurol. 486:159–168, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Co‐Adsorption of Copper(II) and 3‐Amino‐1,2,4‐triazole at a Water–Natural Macromolecular Compound Interface: Molecular Structure from Adsorption Isotherms Combined with X‐ray Absorption Measurements
Authors: Flogeac Karine , Guillon Emmanuel , Aplincourt Michel 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThe co‐adsorption of CuII and amitrole at a water–natural macromolecular compound interface was studied by means of batch adsorption experiments, Fourier transform infrared, and X‐ray absorption spectroscopy. The binary systems, aqueous amitrole–CuII complex, and amitrole and CuII adsorbed on the surface of the solid were studied. The ternary system was investigated over the pH range 2–10 and at varying metal concentrations. The combination of macroscopic and molecular information shows that CuII and amitrole interact directly at the water–solid interface to form ternary surface complexes. A two‐step mechanism is proposed whereby initial formation of a CuII–amitrole aqueous complex is followed by the sorption of this complex onto the surface. The structure of the ternary complex was elucidated. Copper(II) is bound to the surface in an inner‐sphere mode, while two amitrole ligands simultaneously bonded in a monodentate fashion to CuII to form a six‐membered coordination sphere around the metal cation. The copper coordination sphere is completed by two water molecules. This structure and the mechanism proposed are supported by a combination of potentiometric data, IR and UV/visible spectroscopies and XAS measurements. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Delayed repair of corticospinal tract lesions as an assay for the effectiveness of transplantation of Schwann cells
Authors: Keyvan‐Fouladi Naghmeh , Raisman Geoffrey , Li Ying 
Published: April 2005

AbstractWe have previously shown that cultured adult olfactory ensheathing cells injected after 8 weeks into functionally complete unilateral lesions of the rat corticospinal tract induce restoration of paw reaching function to about 50% of normal, starting at around 10 days after transplantation. This provides an assay for determining the effectiveness of different methods of cell preparation or different cell types. We report that transplantation of cultured adult peripheral nerve Schwann cells also restores function, but the effect is delayed until around 30 days after transplantation and reaches only around 5–10% of normal. The presence of fibroblasts in the Schwann cell cultures neither improves, nor impairs the reparative effect, but fibroblasts alone (without Schwann cells) have no reparative effect. Without transplantation of exogenous Schwann cells, the ingrowth of endogenous Schwann cells which occurs spontaneously into these lesions does not restore function. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthesis of Polymeric Topological Isomers through Double Metathesis Condensation with H‐Shaped Telechelic Precursors
Authors: Tezuka Yasuyuki , Ohashi Fuminobu 
Published: April 2005

AbstractSummary: An H‐shaped poly(tetrahydrofuran), poly(THF), having four terminal allyl groups was prepared through the covalent conversion of an ionically linked polymer assembly, comprised of four units of cationic poly(THF) having a pyrrolidinium salt and an allyl end group, and one unit of anionic poly(THF) having two dicarboxylate end groups. A pair of polymeric topological isomers, having double‐cyclic, manacle, and θ‐shaped constructions, was subsequently produced under dilution through the intramolecular double metathesis condensation of four terminal allyl groups of the H‐shaped precursor.The formation of manacle‐shaped and θ‐shaped architectures by the intramolecular double metathesis condensation of an H‐shaped poly(tetrahydrofuran) with four terminal allyl groups.magnified imageThe formation of manacle‐shaped and θ‐shaped architectures by the intramolecular double metathesis condensation of an H‐shaped poly(tetrahydrofuran) with four terminal allyl groups.
Simultaneous perfusion and blood‐oxygenation‐level‐dependent measurements using single‐shot interleaved z‐shim echo‐planar imaging
Authors: Yang Yihong , Gu Hong , Silbersweig David A. , Stern Emily 
Published: April 2005

AbstractSingle‐shot interleaved z‐shim EPI (SSIZS‐EPI) was extended to a simultaneous perfusion and blood‐oxygenation‐level‐dependent (BOLD) imaging technique that reduces susceptibility‐induced signal loss while preserving rapid image acquisition. Experiments on human brains showed that images acquired with this technique had improved signal‐to‐noise ratio in the inferior prefrontal, meso‐, and lateral–temporal lobes compared with a conventional EPI. Perfusion maps obtained from the SSIZS‐EPI images at resting state illustrated substantial signal recovery in these brain areas. Perfusion and BOLD images collected with a sensorimotor paradigm demonstrated the feasibility of the technique to simultaneously measure cerebral blood flow and blood oxygenation signals associated with brain activation. Functional experiments with a neuropsychiatric paradigm showed increased brain activities in the periamygdalar regions in both perfusion and BOLD maps, consistent with a previous H215O PET study. The proposed technique, with its advantages of reducing susceptibility artifacts and fast scanning speed, would be useful for obtaining more reliable measurements of functional signals, particularly in the brain regions with field inhomogeneities. Magn Reson Med 53:1207–1211, 2005. Published 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Detonation in TATB Hemispheres
Authors: Druce Robert L. , Souers P. Clark , Chow Charles , Roeske Franklin , Vitello Peter , Hrousis Constantine 
Published: April 2005

AbstractStreak camera breakout and Fabry‐Perot interferometer data have been taken on the outer surface of 1.80 g/cm3 TATB hemispherical boosters initiated by slapper detonators at three temperatures. The slapper causes breakout to occur at 54° at ambient temperatures and 42° at −54 °C, where the axis of rotation is 0°. The Fabry velocities may be associated with pressures, and these decrease for large timing delays in breakout seen at the colder temperatures. At room temperature, the Fabry pressures appear constant at all angles. Both fresh and decade‐old explosive are tested and no difference is seen. The problem has been modeled with reactive flow. Adjustment of the JWL for temperature makes little difference, but cooling to −54 °C decreases the rate constant by 1/6th. The problem was run both at constant density and with density differences using two different codes. The ambient code results show that a density difference is probably present, but it cannot be quantified.
Endogenous cannabinoids − a local message in and between the nervous and immune system
Authors: Ullrich Oliver , Schneider‐Stock Regine 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThe endocannabinoid system, consisting of cannabinoid receptors, their endogenous ligands and enzymes for synthesis and degradation of endocannabinoids, is well known to participate crucially in CNS signal transduction. During the last decade, it became evident that endocannabinoids are also playing an important role during cell‐cell‐communication in the immune system and the regulation of proliferation and cell death, therefore opening new avenues of therapeutic intervention. This review gives an overview about endocannabinoid synthesis, degradation and intracellular signal transduction and describes the endocannabinoid systems as an important local messenger system between the nervous and immune system.
Geographical variation in cancer incidence: A clue to causation
Authors: Doll Richard 
Published: April 2005

ConclusionThe observations on which our knowledge of the geographical variation in the incidence of cancer is based began to be made by surgeons in the last century who, working first in one country and then in another, realized that the pattern of disease with which they had to deal varied with the society in which they worked. Gross differences were readily accepted, like that reported less than 2 years after Grey Turner's birth between the vale of Kashmir, where Maxwell and Elmslie found that 42 out of 54 epitheliomas (78%) occurred on the skin of the abdomen or thigh, and European countries, where none were reported on these sites in a series of 220 cases [28]; however, smaller differences were not accepted.The uneven availability of medical services and the disparity in birth and death rates, which produced major differences in the age distribution of different populations, made accurate comparisons impossible and the range of permissible opinion varied from the belief that cancer occurred equally everywhere at the same ages to the belief that the great majority of cases were produced by industrialization. Now, thanks to the development of cancer registries, it has been possible to put the matter beyond doubt and to demonstrate unequivocal differences, some of which are certainly attributable to industrialization, which has sometimes led to the development of the disease and sometimes to its elimination. We know, too, that careful observations, like those made by Denis Burkitt and the hundreds of surgeons and physicians who have collaborated with him throughout Africa, are capable of providing an indication of the relative frequency of different cancers that can provide valuable clues, even in the absence of precise figures for the size of the population served.If this Congress is able to stimulate the collection of similar figures that will fill in the remaining gaps of the cancer map of the world, it may well make an important contribution to our knowledge of the causes of the disease and the way it can be prevented.
Hemodynamics of arterial stenosis
Authors: Lee Bok Y. , Assadi Cyrus , Madden John L. , Kavner David , Trainor Frieda S. , McCann William J. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractIn order to derive a better understanding of the effect of varying degrees of stenosis on arterial pulsatile waveforms, an in vitro model was constructed and in vivo studies were done in dogs to observe and record the changes in the pulsatile and steady arterial blood flow components. Blood flow measurements were made using the electromagnetic blood flowmeter proximal and distal to the stenosis. The data show that as the degree of stenosis increases, the decreases in the pulsatile components of flow and distal pressure occur earlier and to a much greater degree than changes in mean flow.
Surgical management of papillary muscle rupture due to myocardial infarction
Authors: Gerbode Frank L.A. , Hetzer Roland , Krebber Hans J. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractComplete or partial rupture of a papillary muscle following myocardial infarction is a severe complication that, without surgical intervention, results in a mortality rate of 95%. Of 41 patients with papillary muscle rupture who were treated surgically, the overall operative mortality rate was 48%, with an 87% mortality rate in 13 patients who entered the hospital in critical condition within 1 month after myocardial infarction. There was an operative mortality rate of 50% in the second month and 33% in the third month following myocardial infarction. Of the patients who underwent operation more than 4 months after infarction, 73% survived. Of 51 patients operated upon for ruptured chordae tendineae of the posterior leaflet of the mitral valve, there were only 2 early and 3 cardiac‐related late deaths. Of these 51 patients, 43 are currently virtually asymptomatic.Methods to improve the results of surgical therapy in the critically ill patient include drug support for afterload reduction and increased contractility and/or mechanically induced afterload reduction, and diastolic augmentation by intra‐aortic balloon counterpulsation. Because the uninterrupted course of papillary muscle rupture is lethal in almost all cases, attempts should be made to improve the patient's condition in order to allow surgical intervention under optimal conditions. The surgical treatment for ruptured papillary muscle is usually mitral valve replacement. For ruptured chordae of the posterior leaflet, the preferred treatment is plastic repair.
Ecologically based family therapy outcome with substance abusing runaway adolescents
Authors: Slesnick Natasha , Prestopnik Jillian L. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractRunaway youth report a broader range and higher severity of substance‐related, mental health and family problems relative to non‐runaway youth. Most studies to date have collected self‐report data on the family and social history; virtually no research has examined treatment effectiveness with this population. This study is a treatment development project in which 124 runaway youth were randomly assigned to (1) ecologically based family therapy (EBFT) or (2) service as usual (SAU) through a shelter. Youth completed an intake, posttreatment, 6 and 12 months follow‐up assessment. Youth assigned to EBFT reported greater reductions in overall substance abuse compared to youth assigned to SAU while other problem areas improved in both conditions. Findings suggest that EBFT is an efficacious intervention for this relatively severe population of youth.
Sur une question de H. Brezis, M. Marcus et A.C. Ponce
Authors: Ancona Alano 
Published: April 2005

Investigating a question raised in a recent paper of Brezis–Marcus–Ponce [5] we show that if

μ

is a singular continuous Radon measure in the open subset

U

of

\mathbb{R}^{d}

, there is no continuous linear map

f\mapsto (u_{f},g_{f})

from

L^{1}(\mu )

to

H^{1}(U) \times L^{1}(U)

such that

f \cdot \mu = \mathrm{\Delta }u_{f} + g_{f}

in the sense of distributions. A generalization is also described.

Résumé

À la suite d'une question soulevée dans un travail de Brezis–Marcus–Ponce [5] on montre que si

μ

est une mesure de Radon diffuse et singulière sur l'ouvert

U

de

\mathbb{R}^{d}

, il n'existe pas d'application linéaire continue

f\mapsto (u_{f},g_{f})

de

L^{1}(\mu )

dans

H^{1}(U) \times L^{1}(U)

telle que

f \cdot \mu = \mathrm{\Delta }u_{f} + g_{f}

au sens de

\mathcal{D}^{′}(U)

. On indique ensuite une généralisation.
Depression, anxiety and pain in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA)
Authors: Margetić Branimir , Aukst-Margetić Branka , Bilić Ernest , Jelušić Marija , Tambić Bukovac Lana 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThe aim of this study was to assess relations among depression, anxiety and pain in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). Pain was measured with the visual analogue scale (VAS), and depression and anxiety with depression and anxiety subscales from the Trauma Symptom Checklist for Children (TSC-C). Pain perception was significantly correlated with depression scores.
Patient outcomes in schizophrenia I: correlates with sociodemographic variables, psychopathology, and side effects
Authors: Hofer Alex , Baumgartner Susanne , Edlinger Monika , Hummer Martina , Kemmler Georg , Rettenbacher Maria A. , Schweigkofler Hansjoerg , Schwitzer Josef , Fleischhacker W. Wolfgang 
Published: April 2005

AbstractObjectiveThe present cross-sectional study examined the relationships of psychopathology, side effects, and sociodemographic factors with treatment outcomes in terms of patients' quality of life (QOL), functioning, and needs for care.MethodSixty outpatients with chronic schizophrenia who had been treated with either clozapine or olanzapine for at least 6 months were investigated.ResultsMost psychopathological symptoms as well as psychic side effects, weight gain, and female sex were associated with lower QOL, while cognitive symptoms correlated with better QOL. Female sex, cognitive symptoms, and parkinsonism negatively influenced occupational functioning, and negative symptoms determined a lesser likelihood of living independently. Age, education, depression/anxiety, negative symptoms, and psychic side effects were predictors of patients' needs for care.ConclusionOur results highlight the complex nature of patient outcomes in schizophrenia. They reemphasize the need of targeting effectiveness, i.e. both symptomatic improvement as well as drug safety, in such patients.