bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“We're Not Giving Up” Special Education Teacher's Experiences During the COVID‐19 Pandemic
Authors: Hurwitz Sarah , Carlock Kane , Garman‐McClaine Blaine 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThis study investigated special education teachers' experiences during the Covid‐19 pandemic. Through qualitative, semi‐structured interviews, 15 educators shared detailed reports of how efforts to reach students strained their mental health. They felt stressed due to frequently changing expectations and pressure to comply with federal special education regulations. The result was burnout and emotional exhaustion. Participants correctly predicted that students would develop behavioral and emotional problems post‐pandemic, and called for intensifying school‐based mental health services. The mental health challenges that they described resulted in teacher attrition and nationwide concerns about worsening student behavior problems.
Emigration and Survival of Hatchery‐Reared Coho Salmon Released as Parr and Smolts in a Reintroduction Program
Authors: Bosch William J. , Pandit Shubha N. , Newsome Todd , Matala Andrew P. , Frederiksen Chris , Mays Zack , Lind David , Johnston Mark V. , Blodgett Joe 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTReleasing fish at varied life stages is an underutilized hatchery‐rearing practice. Columbia River Treaty tribes have been working to reintroduce extirpated Coho Salmon to historical habitats in upper watersheds. This effort has included the release of hatchery‐origin fish at both the parr and smolt life stages in the Yakima River Basin (Washington State USA), a tributary to the Columbia River. We evaluated releases of parr and smolts tagged with passive integrated transponders over 11 brood years. We assessed emigration timing, fish survival, and age‐at‐return for the two release groups. Emigrating juveniles released as smolts had higher survival and arrived downstream earlier than fish released as parr. Survival from release locations to adult return did not significantly differ for the two release groups. However, we observed a difference in apparent marine survival as fish released as parr had mean juvenile‐to‐adult return rates greater than fish released as smolts. Parr releases also tended to return at older age than smolt releases. Our results indicate that implementing practices to reduce homogenization of hatchery releases may produce survival and diversity benefits as fish mature to later life stages. Given the rapid ecosystem changes Pacific Salmon are experiencing throughout their life cycles, practices such as this may have increasing utility and import.
A Comparative Investigation of Infiltration and Channel Roughness of Ephemeral and Perennial Streams in a Mountainous Catchment
Authors: Khaniya Bhabishya , Gomes Pattiyage I. A. , Perera Manimeldura D. D. , Wai Onyx W. H. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTInfiltration and channel roughness, two major factors that govern stream discharge, were studied in similar‐sized ephemeral and perennial streams in a mountainous tropical catchment. Seasons were defined based on two ephemeral flow conditions, i.e., with (wet season) and without (dry season) surface flow. A stream was divided transversely into low‐flow areas (close to the thalweg) and high‐flow areas (close to the channel margin). The highest average infiltration (~50 mm/h) was observed in the low flow areas around the thalweg of ephemeral streams in the dry season and was significantly higher than for any other spatial scale or temporal period. The infiltration in high‐flow areas did not show a statistically significant difference between the two stream types, and surprisingly, perennial streams in the dry season showed higher infiltration than ephemeral streams. Since sediment moisture and organic content showed negative and positive correlations with infiltration, respectively, for both stream types and ephemeral streams showed statistically significant negative correlations between litter and infiltration during the dry season, the low infiltration in ephemeral high flow areas was attributed to stream‐type dependent litter processing. The litter of ephemeral stream high‐flow areas was subject to partial decomposition due to rapid drying and had residue of previously buried litter. Ephemeral channels were two to three times rougher than perennial channels. Standing crop biomass and mean particle size increased stream roughness in both stream types but were less prominent in ephemeral streams due to the presence of litter. The study demonstrated that litter has a special role in defining the infiltration pattern, channel roughness, and flood control potential of ephemeral streams.
Effectiveness of an Electrical Barrier to Improve Silver Eel (Anguilla anguilla) Escapement Over a Hydropower Dam on the Meuse River, Belgium
Authors: Sonny D. , Beguin J. , De Oliveira E. , Theunissen P. , Lerquet M. , Roy R. , Teichert N. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThe European eel population is in severe decline, leading to several regulations to save the species from extinction. Various factors impact various stages of the complex lifecycle of this species, and improving the survival of silver eels migrating downstream through turbines is essential in hydropower plants (HPPs). While adapted physical barriers ensure total protection in new small HPPs, effective solutions are still needed for larger existing facilities. An electrical barrier was installed across the forebay of 160 m3 s−1 HPP. An acoustic telemetry study compared silver eel passage via the dam versus the turbines between reference values in the year prior to the installation of the barrier versus migration after installation and operation of the electrical barrier. The dam passage rate increased significantly with the electrical barrier, in hydrological conditions similar to those of the reference year. Under flow conditions where the nonturbine flow was the lowest, a reduction of 52% in turbine passage could be explained by the electrical barrier. While this efficacy is far from perfect, the results encourage using this technology in large HPPs as a first step in eel protection. At our pilot study site, the technology was adopted as a permanent solution, associated with turbine shutdown according to an eel migration prediction model.
Middle School Students' Application of Science Learning From Physical Versus Virtual Labs to New Contexts
Authors: Gnesdilow Dana , Puntambekar Sadhana 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTEven though virtual labs help students learn science content, little is known about how well students can later apply this learning to other contexts or tasks when compared to students who performed physical labs. The goal of this study was to understand how students who perform physical versus virtual labs were able to later apply what they learn to a new context and a more intricate physical lab. We also explored whether reducing the complexity of the physical lab, by setting up the apparatus before students conducted experiments, supported students' learning of physics concepts and relationships when compared to students who performed a virtual lab. Using a quasi‐experimental research design, we randomly assigned 26, seventh and eighth grade classes from seven teachers' classes into two conditions, the virtual or pre‐set‐up physical pulley lab conditions. Using data collected from 385 students and 188 groups, we found that students who were in the virtual lab condition learned significantly more about the mechanics of pulleys than students in the physical lab condition as assessed by a content knowledge pre to posttest. We also found that students in the virtual condition performed better on answering and explaining a real‐world scenario application question and took no longer to set up a more complex pulley system in small groups than students in the physical condition. We discuss limitations, implications, and directions for future research.
Geographical Disparities of Uncertainty Stress and Life Stress Among University Students: A Study Across All Provinces in Mainland China
Authors: Yang Tingzhong , Peng Sihui , Oliffe John L. , Zhang Weifang 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThe study objective was to investigate geographical variation of uncertainty stress and life stress among university students in China. Respondents comprised 11,954 students from 50 universities and 31 provinces in China's mainland. Respondents completed the extended version of Global Health Professional Student Survey (GHPSS) on Tobacco Control in China, which added additional health, mental stress, and behavioural items on original version, and regional variables were retrieved from the National Bureau of Statistics database. Both unadjusted and adjusted methods were used in the logistic regression analysis. The prevalence of high uncertainty stress was 19.60% (95% CI: 15.90%, 23.30%), while the prevalence of life stress was 8.60% (95% CI: 7.20%, 10.70%). The prevalence rates varied significantly across the 31 provinces. The random parameters for uncertainty stress and life stress were statistically significant at the 0.01 level, with values of 0.2593 and 0.3971, respectively. The geographical distribution revealed two high uncertainty stress zones between the east coast and the middle area, as well as in the west area from south to north. High life stress, on the other hand, was concentrated in the central area. Multilevel logistic regression showed province level per capita disposal income of households partly contributed to uncertainty stress (OR = 0.52, 95% CI: 0.36, 0.94) and life stress (OR = 0.59, 95% CI: 0.52, 0.89). These findings underscore the importance of environmental contribution to mental stress among university students. Given that college students' mental stress is high, there is a need for environmental measurements to prevent and address multiple perceived stress in students.
A Chemogenetic Toolkit for Inducible, Cell Type‐Specific Actin Disassembly
Authors: Lan Tien‐Hung , Ambiel Nicholas , Lee Yi‐Tsang , Nonomura Tatsuki , Zhou Yubin , Zuchero J. Bradley 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe actin cytoskeleton and its nanoscale organization are central to all eukaryotic cells—powering diverse cellular functions including morphology, motility, and cell division—and is dysregulated in multiple diseases. Historically studied largely with purified proteins or in isolated cells, tools to study cell type‐specific roles of actin in multicellular contexts are greatly needed. DeActs are recently created, first‐in‐class genetic tools for perturbing actin nanostructures and dynamics in specific cell types across diverse eukaryotic model organisms. Here, ChiActs are introduced, the next generation of actin‐perturbing genetic tools that can be rapidly activated in cells and optogenetically targeted to distinct subcellular locations using light. ChiActs are composed of split halves of DeAct‐SpvB, whose potent actin disassembly‐promoting activity is restored by chemical‐induced dimerization or allosteric switching. It is shown that ChiActs function to rapidly induce actin disassembly in several model cell types and are able to perturb actin‐dependent nano‐assembly and cellular functions, including inhibiting lamellipodial protrusions and membrane ruffling, remodeling mitochondrial morphology, and reorganizing chromatin by locally constraining actin disassembly to specific subcellular compartments. ChiActs thus expand the toolbox of genetically‐encoded tools for perturbing actin in living cells, unlocking studies of the many roles of actin nano‐assembly and dynamics in complex multicellular systems.
Positions on the Germline Boundary: Stop, Wait, or Go?
Authors: Hayenhjelm Madeleine , Nordlund Christer 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The chapter provides an overview over various ethical positions in relation to the ethical challenges associated to human genome editing: a categorical position against, a cautious intermediate position, and a more liberal position in favour of germline editing. While the first position advocates a ban on moral grounds, and the second argues for some kind of moratorium until scientific and other questions have been resolved, the third emphasizes the medical potential and the importance of taking advantage of scientific progress as soon as it is sufficiently safe to do so. The chapter also presents the current broad lines of ethical consensus in the scientific community.
Categorical Objections to Germline Editing
Authors: Hayenhjelm Madeleine , Nordlund Christer 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This chapter takes a closer look at so-called categorical objections to human germline gene editing. Categorical objections played an important part in some of the earlier debate and has informed some of the legal and regulatory frameworks on germline gene editing. The chapter explores different categorical objections as well as various objections to these. Are there convincing reasons to presume that germline gene editing interventions violates fundamental moral norms? The chapter explores different versions of such arguments based on deontological concepts such as human dignity, individual and collective rights, autonomy, and informal consent. Could germline gene editing, if adopted on broad scale, lead to disastrous outcomes such as eugenics, injustice, and loss of values? Is there a risk for an unavoidable slippery slope? Or is there something inherently wrong in the use of this technology (such as “humans playing God”)? The chapter concludes that these kinds of objections fail to make a convincing case that it is categorically wrong to edit the human germline. They nevertheless highlight ethical concerns that need to be taken seriously.
Problem List
Authors: He Zeng , Jiang Wen , Wang Lin 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
To make it easier for the reader to access exercise problems, we have listed all problems in this chapter and added a short description for each problem. In addition, in the following chapters, “the Book” refers to “Nonlinear Oscillations. Ali H. Nayfeh & Dean T. Mook, John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1995, ISBN 0–471-12,142–8”). The solutions are arranged according to the chapter names question-numbering in the Book, and our handbook should be viewed as a supplement to the Book.
Parametrically Excited Systems
Authors: He Zeng , Jiang Wen , Wang Lin 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Based on the Floquet theory, that the characteristic exponent is 0 or i (i.e., the solutions have periods of

$$2\pi $$

2
π

or 4

$$\pi $$

π

) and then determines the values of the parameters for which the assumption is true.
Szegő Limit Theorem for Truncated Toeplitz Operators
Authors: Miheisi Nazar , O’Loughlin Ryan 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We discuss generalizations of the Szegő Limit Theorem to truncated Toeplitz operators. In particular, we consider compressions of Toeplitz operators to an increasing sequence of finite dimensional model spaces. We present two theorems. The first is a new variant of the Szegő Limit Theorem in this setting. The second relates to the variant given by Strouse–Timotin–Zarrabi (J Approx Theory 220:12–30, 2017), and characterizes the sequences for which that result holds.
Metal-polymer friction stir spot welding enhanced by meso-mechanical interlocking
Authors: Pereira Miguel A. R. , Galvão Ivan , Costa José D. M. , Amaro Ana M. , Leal Rui M. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The main goal of this study is to present an alternative method of pretreating metal surfaces, entitled mechanical grooving, for metal-polymer joining by friction stir spot welding (FSSW). This pretreatment consists of the successive passage of a rotating engraving tip on the metal surface, creating a multilinear textured pattern, being an innovative pretreatment for the production of hybrid structures by FSSW. Mechanical grooving results in the creation of a well-defined serrated profile that, when interacting with the polymer during welding, promotes the mutual anchoring of the dissimilar materials. Mechanically grooved and grinded aluminium were joined to polyamide 6 by FSSW, and the welds were characterised based on cross-section morphology, fractography, tool axial force, and tensile-shear testing. FTIR-ATR characterization demonstrated that the chemical degradation is not significant during welding and that at the metal/polymer interface, there is adhesion between the materials. The axial force during the plunging stage of welds produced with the mechanically grooved aluminium is around 900 N, while for the welds produced with grinded aluminium is close to 1900 N. Furthermore, the resulting meso-mechanical interlocking mechanism provides superior mechanical performance (4.00 kN ± 82 N) compared to welds executed using grinded aluminium (3.02 kN ± 420 N). Finally, different fracture modes were observed depending on the surface pretreatment used. For instance, while adhesive failure was observed in the grinded aluminium welds, a mixed adhesive-cohesive failure was observed in the mechanically grooved aluminium welds. The cohesive failure is mainly attributed to the good performance of the interlocking mechanism.
Isolation of lignocellulosic biomass-degrading bacteria from Porcellio dilatatus gut-enriched cultures
Authors: Coelho Catarina , Martins Lígia O. , Tiago Igor 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The lignocellulosic biomass (LCB) is an attractive, sustainable, and environmentally friendly alternative to fossil sources to produce biofuel, biomaterials, and biochemicals. However, its recalcitrant and heterogenous structure challenges its biodegradation and valorization. The gut microbiome of soil invertebrate species has emerged as a rich source of LCB-degrading bacteria and enzymes in terrestrial ecosystems. The primary objective of this investigation was to identify the bacterial communities within the Porcellio dilatatus gut (Crustacea: Isopods), to obtain enriched cultures, and to identify bacterial isolates with LCB-degrading activity. A total of 112 enriched cultures were screened, all exhibiting xylanolytic activity. Among them, 94 displayed cellulolytic activity, 30 showed chitinolytic activity, and 21 demonstrated ligninolytic activity. Four enriched cultures were selected, and 128 bacteria with cellulolytic, xylanolytic, chitinolytic, or ligninolytic activity were isolated and taxonomically classified. The obtained results reinforce the potential of bacterial communities within the digestive tract of soil invertebrates as a valuable source of lignocellulose-degrading microorganisms. Thirty-one isolates underwent in-depth enzymatic characterization, and five were selected and functionally evaluated. An artificial bacterial consortium was constructed to assess the potential benefits of using consortia to achieve enhanced LCB degradation. The positive results of this proof-of-concept artificial consortium (PdG-AC) can be used in future applications and is a valuable tool for enzymatic and microbial consortia engineering by, e.g., changing growth conditions for enhanced LCB-degrading abilities.

Key points

• The gut microbiome of Porcellio dilatatus was characterized.

• Porcellio dilatatus gut hosts many lignocellulose-degrading bacteria.

• Developed an artificial bacterial consortium for lignocellulose degradation.
Lessons (to be) learned from liquid biopsies: assessment of circulating cells and cell-free DNA in cancer and pregnancy-acquired microchimerism
Authors: Bergmann Lina , Afflerbach Ann-Kristin , Yuan Tingjie , Pantel Klaus , Smit Daniel J. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Tumors constantly shed cancer cells that are considered the mediators of metastasis via the blood stream. Analysis of circulating cells and circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) in liquid biopsies, mostly taken from peripheral blood, have emerged as powerful biomarkers in oncology, as they enable the detection of genomic aberrations. Similarly, liquid biopsies taken from pregnant women serve as prenatal screening test for an abnormal number of chromosomes in the fetus, e.g., via the analysis of microchimeric fetal cells and cfDNA circulating in maternal blood. Liquid biopsies are minimally invasive and, consequently, associated with reduced risks for the patients. However, different challenges arise in oncology and pregnancy-acquired liquid biopsies with regard to the analyte concentration and biological (background) noise among other factors. In this review, we highlight the unique biological properties of circulating tumor cells (CTC), summarize the various techniques that have been developed for the enrichment, detection and analysis of CTCs as well as for analysis of genetic and epigenetic aberrations in cfDNA and highlight the range of possible clinical applications. Lastly, the potential, but also the challenges of liquid biopsies in oncology as well as their translational value for the analysis of pregnancy-acquired microchimerism are discussed.
Ultra-low-dose coronary CT angiography via super-resolution deep learning reconstruction: impact on image quality, coronary plaque, and stenosis analysis
Authors: Zou Li-Miao , Xu Cheng , Xu Min , Xu Ke-Ting , Zhao Zi-Cheng , Wang Ming , Wang Yun , Wang Yi-Ning 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Objectives
To exploit the capability of super-resolution deep learning reconstruction (SR-DLR) to save radiation exposure from coronary CT angiography (CCTA) and assess its impact on image quality, coronary plaque quantification and characterization, and stenosis severity analysis.

Materials and methods
This prospective study included 50 patients who underwent low-dose (LD) and subsequent ultra-low-dose (ULD) CCTA scans. LD CCTA images were reconstructed with hybrid iterative reconstruction (HIR) and ULD CCTA images were reconstructed with HIR and SR-DLR. The objective parameters and subjective scores were compared. Coronary plaques were classified into three components: necrotic, fibrous or calcified content, with absolute volumes (mm3) recorded, and further characterized by percentage of calcified content. The four main coronary arteries were evaluated for the presence of stenosis. Moreover, 48 coronary segments in 9 patients were evaluated for the presence of significant stenosis, with invasive coronary angiography as a reference.

Results
Effective dose decreased by 60% from LD to ULD CCTA scans (2.01 ± 0.84 mSv vs. 0.80 ± 0.34 mSv, p < 0.001). ULD SR-DLR was non-inferior or even superior to LD HIR in terms of image quality and showed excellent agreements with LD HIR on the plaque volumes, characterization, and stenosis analysis (ICCs > 0.8). Moreover, there was no evidence of a difference in detecting significant coronary stenosis between the LD HIR and ULD SR-DLR (AUC: 0.90 vs. 0.89; p = 1.0).

Conclusions
SR-DLR led to significant radiation dose savings from CCTA while ensuring high image quality and excellent performance in coronary plaque and stenosis analysis.

Key Points

Question

How can radiation dose for coronary CT angiography be reduced without compromising image quality or affecting clinical decisions?

Finding

Super-resolution deep learning reconstruction (SR-DLR) algorithm allows for 60% dose reduction while ensuring high image quality and excellent performance in coronary plaque and stenosis analysis.

Clinical relevance

Dose optimization via SR-DLR has no detrimental effect on image quality, coronary plaque quantification and characterization, and stenosis severity analysis, which paves the way for its implementation in clinical practice.