bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Membrane behavior of uni- and bidirectional non-crimp fabrics in off-axis-tension tests
Authors: Schäfer Bastian , Zheng Ruochen , Naouar Naim , Kärger Luise 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe production of high-performance composite parts with non-crimp fabrics (NCFs) requires a profound understanding of the material’s behavior during draping to prevent forming defects such as wrinkling and gapping. Simulation methods can be used to model the complex material behavior of NCFs and predict their deformation during the draping process. However, NCFs do not intrinsically deform under pure shear like most woven fabrics, but often under superimposed shear, transverse tension and in-plane roving compaction. Therefore, non-standard characterization methods have to be applied besides typical picture frame tests or bias-extension tests. Off-axis-tension tests (OATs) utilize a simple setup to characterize a fabric’s membrane behavior under different ratios of superimposed shear, transverse tension and in-plane compaction. OATs at three different bias angles (30$$^\circ $$

∘

, 45$$^\circ $$

∘

and 60$$^\circ $$

∘

) are conducted to investigate a unidirectional and a bidirectional NCF. A method is presented to measure the fiber curvatures in addition to the occurring strains. The investigations reveal a relatively symmetrical, shear-dominated behavior with limited roving slippage for the Biax-NCF. The behavior of the UD-NCF strongly depends on the stitching load during tests and is characterized by an asymmetric shear behavior as well as significant roving slippage. The off-axis-tension test results can be used as the basis for the development and validation of new simulation methods to model the complex membrane behavior of NCFs.
NR1 Splicing Variant NR1a in Cerebellar Granule Neurons Constitutes a Better Motor Learning in the Mouse
Authors: Tan Ting , Jiang Linyan , He Zhengxiao , Ding Xuejiao , Xiong Xiaoli , Tang Mingxi , Chen Yuan , Tang Yaping 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAs an excitatory neuron in the cerebellum, the granule cells play a crucial role in motor learning. The assembly of NMDAR in these neurons varies in developmental stages, while the significance of this variety is still not clear. In this study, we found that motor training could specially upregulate the expression level of NR1a, a splicing form of NR1 subunit. Interestingly, overexpression of this splicing variant in a cerebellar granule cell-specific manner dramatically elevated the NMDAR binding activity. Furthermore, the NR1a transgenic mice did not only show an enhanced motor learning, but also exhibit a higher efficacy for motor training in motor learning. Our results suggested that as a “junior” receptor, NR1a facilitates NMDAR activity as well as motor skill learning.
Ceftazidime–avibactam versus polymyxins in treating patients with carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Chen Jinglan , Hu Qin , Zhou Pengxiang , Deng Sheng 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Objective
Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) pose a significant threat to human health and have emerged as a major public health concern. We aimed to compare the efficacy and the safety of ceftazidime–avibactam (CAZ–AVI) and polymyxin in the treatment of CRE infections.

Methods
A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed by searching the databases of EMBASE, PubMed, and the Cochrane Library. Published studies on the use of CAZ–AVI and polymyxin in the treatment of CRE infections were collected from the inception of the database until March 2023. Two investigators independently screened the literature according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, evaluated the methodological quality of the included studies and extracted the data. The meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.4 software.

Results
Ten articles with 833 patients were included (CAZ–AVI 325 patients vs Polymyxin 508 patients). Compared with the patients who received polymyxin-based therapy, the patients who received CAZ–AVI therapy had significantly lower 30-days mortality (RR = 0.49; 95% CI 0.01–2.34; I2 = 22%; P < 0.00001), higher clinical cure rate (RR = 2.70; 95% CI 1.67–4.38; I2 = 40%; P < 0.00001), and higher microbial clearance rate (RR = 2.70; 95% CI 2.09–3.49; I2 = 0%; P < 0.00001). However, there was no statistically difference in the incidence of acute kidney injury between patients who received CAZ–AVI and polymyxin therapy (RR = 1.38; 95% CI 0.69–2.77; I2 = 22%; P = 0.36). In addition, among patients with CRE bloodstream infection, those who received CAZ–AVI therapy had significantly lower mortality than those who received polymyxin therapy (RR = 0.44; 95% CI 0.27–0.69, I2 = 26%, P < 0.00004).

Conclusions
Compared to polymyxin, CAZ–AVI demonstrated superior clinical efficacy in the treatment of CRE infections, suggesting that CAZ–AVI may be a superior option for CRE infections.
Long-term effects of a telemedically-assisted lifestyle intervention on glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes – A two-armed randomised controlled trial in Germany
Authors: Dunkel Annalena , von Storch Katja , Hochheim Martin , Zank Susanne , Polidori M. Cristina , Woopen Christiane 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Diabetes is considered one of the fastest growing diseases worldwide. Especially in the treatment of type 2 diabetes, lifestyle interventions have proven to be effective. However, long-term studies in real-world contexts are rare, which is why further research is needed. The aim of the present study is to investigate whether effects achieved in the context of a long-term lifestyle intervention can be sustained by patients in the long term.

Methods
In a two-arm randomized trial we compared diabetes care as usual to a lifestyle intervention combining telemedically support and individual needs-based telephone coaching. The study included 151 patients with type 2 diabetes randomized to either the intervention or control group. Intervention Group (IG; N = 86, 80.2% male, mean age: 59.7) received telemedical devices and telephone coaching over a period of 12 months, Control Group (CG; N = 65, 83.1% male, mean age: 58,8) received care as usual. The primary outcome was chance in HbA1c. A follow-up survey was conducted after 24 months.

Results
The intervention group showed significantly better HbA1c- values compared to the control group at both 12 and 24 months (12 M: − 0.52 (-0.73; − 0.32), p < .000; 24 M: − 0.38 (-0.61; − 0.15), p = .001). The strongest change was seen in the first three months, with the best value obtained at 6 months and stable thereafter.

Conclusion
Combined telephone coaching with telemedicine support could lead to better long-term glycemic control in people with type 2 diabetes. In the future, more long-term studies should be conducted in real-world settings and lifestyle interventions should be offered more widely.
Use of Buffers in Specific Contexts: Highly Trained Female Athletes, Extreme Environments and Combined Buffering Agents—A Narrative Review
Authors: Carr Amelia J. , McKay Alannah K. A. , Burke Louise M. , Smith Ella S. , Urwin Charles S. , Convit Lilia , Jardine William T. , Kelly Monica K. , Saunders Bryan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis narrative review evaluated the evidence for buffering agents (sodium bicarbonate, sodium citrate and beta-alanine), with specific consideration of three discrete scenarios: female athletes, extreme environments and combined buffering agents. Studies were screened according to exclusion and inclusion criteria and were analysed on three levels: (1) moderating variables (supplement dose and timing, and exercise test duration and intensity), (2) design factors (e.g., use of crossover or matched group study design, familiarisation trials) and (3) athlete-specific factors (recruitment of highly trained participants, buffering capacity and reported performance improvements). Only 19% of the included studies for the three buffering agents reported a performance benefit, and only 10% recruited highly trained athletes. This low transferability of research findings to athletes’ real-world practices may be due to factors including the small number of sodium citrate studies in females (n = 2), no studies controlling for the menstrual cycle (MC) or menstrual status using methods described in recently established frameworks, and the limited number of beta-alanine studies using performance tests replicating real-world performance efforts (n = 3). We recommend further research into buffering agents in highly trained female athletes that control or account for the MC, studies that replicate the demands of athletes’ heat and altitude camps, and investigations of highly trained athletes’ use of combined buffering agents. In a practical context, we recommend developing evidence-based buffering protocols for individual athletes which feature co-supplementation with other evidence-based products, reduce the likelihood of side-effects, and optimise key moderating factors: supplement dose and timing, and exercise duration and intensity.
A high-dimensional approach to measuring online polarization
Authors: Phillips Samantha C. , Uyheng Joshua , Carley Kathleen M. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPolarization, ideological and psychological distancing between groups, can cause dire societal fragmentation. Of chief concern is the role of social media in enhancing polarization through mechanisms like facilitating selective exposure to information. Researchers using user-generated content to measure polarization typically focus on direct communication, suggesting echo chamber-like communities indicate the most polarization. However, this operationalization does not account for other dimensions of intergroup conflict that have been associated with polarization. We address this limitation by introducing a high-dimensional network framework to evaluate polarization based on three dimensions: social, knowledge, and knowledge source. Following an extensive review of the psychological and social mechanisms of polarization, we specify five sufficient conditions for polarization to occur that can be evaluated using our approach. We analyze six existing network-based polarization metrics in our high-dimensional network framework through a virtual experiment and apply our proposed methodology to discussions around COVID-19 vaccines on Twitter. This work has implications for detecting polarization on social media using user-generated content, quantifying the effects of offline divides or de-polarization efforts online, and comparing community dynamics across contexts.
A novel heat exchanger including hydrogen and water for heat capturing and combating water scarcity
Authors: Khoshkalam Arash 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn today's world, people have been facing different unpleasant phenomena like global warming, water shortage and thermal pollution. Power plants for electricity generation are one of the main sources of greenhouse gases and thermal pollution in aquatic ecosystem. On the other hand, these power plants consume high amount of freshwater for cooling purposes. Water scarcity is a detrimental crisis that the whole world is struggling with it. To combat the thermal pollution, various wet cooling and dry cooling technologies have been introduced and reviewed till today. While wet cooling systems use lots of water, dry cooling ones are not suitable options in warm weather and climates. Here, the need for an alternative element is felt more than ever. So far, water and air have been the main coolants in power generation units. According to specific heat capacities in different substances, hydrogen, by far has the highest amount. So, a novel heat exchanger containing hydrogen and water could be a promising solution for the mentioned issues. This paper focuses on advantages of this heat exchanger from different points of view, however, some assumptions, considerations and calculations should be carried out to have the best performance for this idea. Temperature control is such an important process that should be done in heat exchangers. Hence, a review on a control method has been carried out in this paper. The simulation results have been taken by MATLAB/SIMULINK software.
Hegel's Metaphysics of Rational Life: Overcoming the Pippin-Houlgate Dispute
Authors: Suther Jensen 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In the past decade, the meaning of Hegel's idea of a ‘science of logic’ has become a matter of intense philosophical debate. This article examines the two most influential yet opposed contemporary readings of the Science of Logic—often referred to as the ‘metaphysical’ and ‘non-metaphysical’ interpretations. I argue that this debate should be reframed as a contest between logic as ontology (LAO) and logic as metaphysics (LAM). According to Stephen Houlgate's interpretation of logic as ontology, the science of logic is a progressively explicit unfolding of the categories of thought, which is at the same time the process by which being itself determines what it is to be. A second interpretation has been pursued by Sebastian Rödl and Robert Pippin, who read Hegel's logic as metaphysics. On this reading, the science of logic is a progressively coherent unfolding of the categories of thought, which articulate all that it could intelligibly mean to be. This article intervenes in this debate in three key ways. First, I argue that Houlgate's ontological approach undermines his attempt to establish the objective validity of the categories. Second, I show that the LAM emphasis on the crucial idea of apperception enables it to succeed where Houlgate fails by doing justice to the rational necessity with which the Logic unfolds. Third, I argue that, despite this success, the LAM program remains unrealized because of its neglect of Hegel's understanding of cognition as a form of life. While LAM has compellingly unfolded the ‘thought of being’, it has ignored the inverse question of the ‘being of thought’. I attempt to fulfil the LAM program by elaborating Hegel's account of what it means to be a thinker.
ON EASTON SUPPORT ITERATION OF PRIKRY-TYPE FORCING NOTIONS
Authors: GITIK MOTI , KAPLAN EYAL 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
We consider of constructing normal ultrafilters in extensions are here Easton support iterations of Prikry-type forcing notions. New ways presented. It turns out that, in contrast with other supports, seemingly unrelated measures or extenders can be involved here.
Fish oil minimises feed intake and improves insulin sensitivity in Zucker fa/fa rats
Authors: Corporeau Charlotte , Le Foll Christelle , Cruciani-Guglielmacci Céline , Le Stunff Hervé , Mithieux Gilles , Magnan Christophe , Delarue Jacques 
Published: October 2023

AbstractLong-chain n-3 PUFA (LC n-3 PUFA) prevent, in rodents, insulin resistance (IR) induced by a high-fat and/or fructose diet but not IR induced by glucocorticoids. In humans, contrasting effects have also been reported. We investigated their effects on insulin sensitivity, feed intake (FI) and body weight gain in genetically insulin resistant male obese (fa/fa) Zucker (ZO) rats during the development of obesity. ZO rats were fed a diet supplemented with 7 % fish oil (FO) + 1 % corn oil (CO) (wt/wt) (ZOFO), while the control group was fed a diet containing 8 % fat from CO (wt/wt) (ZOCO). Male lean Zucker (ZL) rats fed either FO (ZLFO) or CO (ZLCO) diet were used as controls. FO was a marine-derived TAG oil containing EPA 90 mg/g + DHA 430 mg/g. During an oral glucose tolerance test, glucose tolerance remained unaltered by FO while insulin response was reduced in ZOFO only. Liver insulin sensitivity (euglycaemic–hyperinsulinaemic clamp + 2 deoxyglucose) was improved in ZOFO rats, linked to changes in phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase expression, activity and glucose-6-phosphatase activity. FI in response to intra-carotid insulin/glucose infusion was decreased similarly in ZOFO and ZOCO. Hypothalamic ceramides levels were lower in ZOFO than in ZOCO. Our study demonstrates that LC n-3 PUFA can minimise weight gain, possibly by alleviating hypothalamic lipotoxicity, and liver IR in genetically obese Zucker rats.
THE PRYTANEION DECREE (IG I3 131) AND SITÊSIS FOR ATHLETES
Authors: Mann Christian 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn the 150 years since Schöll's seminal work, the Prytaneion Decree has been studied frequently. Of the groups of honourees mentioned in the decree, the agonistic victors have received the least attention. Most scholars have simply attributed them, without further discussion, to the sphere of war or to the sphere of religion. In this article, athletics is understood as a sphere of action with its own logic: the passages on athletes in the decree are examined in detail and situated within the debate in classical Athens about whether victors of the Panhellenic Games should be honoured by the polis and to what extent. The strange duplication in the decree, which first regulates honours for agonistic victors in general and, in a second paragraph, honours for hippic victors, is related to some texts that viewed hippic victories more critically than gymnic ones. A precise dating of the decree is not possible, but there were several events in the fifth century that might have created the desire among Athenians for a general regulation of sitêsis for athletes.
J.S. Mill's Puzzling Position on Prostitution and his Harm Principle
Authors: Tunick Mark 
Published: October 2023

AbstractJ.S. Mill argues against licensing or forced medical examinations of prostitutes even if these would reduce harm, for two reasons: the state should not legitimize immoral conduct; and coercing prostitutes would violate Mill's harm principle as they do not risk causing non-consensual harm to others, their clients do. There is nothing puzzling about Mill opposing coercive restrictions on self-regarding immoral conduct while also opposing state support of that conduct. But why does Mill oppose restrictions on prostitutes’ liberty if those restrictions could prevent harm to third parties? Mill's position is not puzzling once we recognize that his harm principle is not a harm-prevention principle that warrants restrictions on liberty to prevent harm no matter who caused it (as David Lyons famously argued) but instead warrants restrictions on liberty only of individuals who are the morally relevant cause of that harm. Mill's discussion of prostitution shows he prioritizes both individuality and moral progress over harm reduction.
Violations of the heart: Parental harm in war and oppression
Authors: Friedman Rebekka , Ketola Hanna 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis article examines ‘parental harm’ – a harm that occurs when a parent loses or faces the threat of losing a child. We contend that the manipulation and severing of relationships between parents and children has played a central role in war and oppression across historical contexts. Parental harm has long-term and pervasive effects and results in complex legacies for carers and their communities. Despite its grave impact, there is little research within International Relations into parental harm and understanding of its effects. We conceptualise parental harm through two frames – the ‘harm of separation’ and ‘harm to the ability to parent’ – and theorise gendered dimensions of how it is perpetuated and experienced. As such, we advance feminist understandings of family as a gendered institution that shapes the conduct of war and institutionalises racialised oppression. Our conception of parental harm offers novel insights into the relationship between intimate relations, the family, and state power and practices. We illustrate our conceptual arguments through two examples: the control and manipulation of family in antebellum slavery in the United States and the targeting of Tamil children in disappearances in Sri Lanka. These examples demonstrate the pervasiveness of parental harm across contexts and forms of violence.
Attribution of nosocomial seeding to long-term care facility COVID-19 outbreaks
Authors: Flannagan Joe , Chudasama Dimple Y , Hope Russell , Collin Simon M , Bhattacharya Alex , Merrick Rachel , Aziz Nurin Abdul , Hopkins Susan , Dabrera Gavin , Lamagni Theresa 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Residents of long-term care facilities (LTCFs) were disproportionately affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. We assessed the extent to which hospital-associated infections contributed to COVID-19 LTCF outbreaks in England. We matched addresses of cases between March 2020 and June 2021 to reference databases to identify LTCF residents. Linkage to health service records identified hospital-associated infections, with the number of days spent in hospital before positive specimen date used to classify these as definite or probable. Of 149,129 cases in LTCF residents during the study period, 3,748 (2.5%) were definite or probable hospital-associated and discharged to an LTCF. Overall, 431 (0.3%) were identified as index cases of potentially nosocomial-seeded outbreaks (2.7% (431/15,797) of all identified LTCF outbreaks). These outbreaks involved 4,521 resident cases and 1,335 deaths, representing 3.0% and 3.6% of all cases and deaths in LTCF residents, respectively. The proportion of outbreaks that were potentially nosocomial-seeded peaked in late June 2020, early December 2020, mid-January 2021, and mid-April 2021. Nosocomial seeding contributed to COVID-19 LTCF outbreaks but is unlikely to have accounted for a substantial proportion. The continued identification of such outbreaks after the implementation of preventative policies highlights the challenges of preventing their occurrence.
The HAM-D6 through the lens of grief: Clinical considerations for administering the six-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale in the context of bereavement
Authors: Goldman Maya , Napolitano Stephanie , Roberts Kailey E. , Lichtenthal Wendy G. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjectivesDiagnosing mental health challenges in bereavement is controversial; however, regardless of one’s position on this matter, assessments of bereaved individuals continue to occur in clinical and research contexts. It is critical for evaluations to account for contextual factors that are unique to bereavement. This paper summarizes considerations for diagnosing depression in bereaved individuals, focusing on use of the six-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D6).MethodsFollowing a literature review of the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) and various versions, we summarized decision rules we used in scoring the HAM-D6 in a study of parents bereaved by cancer. We expanded on existing scoring guidelines for each of the HAM-D6 items, including depressed mood, work and activities, general somatic symptoms, guilt, psychic anxiety, and psychomotor retardation, and illustrated clinical distinctions and probes for assessors to consider through case examples from our research with bereaved parents.ResultsConsiderations for assessing depressive symptoms and behavior changes in the context of bereavement were summarized. Symptoms that may be diagnostic of depression in some populations may reflect other factors in the bereaved, such as a change in priorities, social expectations surrounding grief, or avoidance of grief activators. Nuanced factors are important for assessors to consider when administering the HAM-D6 to bereaved individuals.Significance of resultsOur sharing of these considerations is not intended to promote diagnosis of depression in bereavement but to highlight the unique contextual factors that distinguish symptoms of depression from common experiences of grievers when applying an assessment tool such as the HAM-D6. While validated measures can be constraining, they can have clinical utility; they may increase standardization in research, help clinicians communicate with each other, advance the field more generally to understand the varying struggles bereaved individuals experience, and systemically facilitate access to services via managed care.