bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Process Through Which an Advocacy Intervention Resulted in Positive Change for Battered Women Over Time
Authors: Bybee Deborah I. , Sullivan Cris M. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractA prior experimental evaluation of a community‐based advocacy program for women with abusive partners demonstrated positive change in the lives of women even 2 years postintervention (C. M. Sullivan & D. I. Bybee, 1999). The current study explored the complex mediational process through which this change occurred, using longitudinal structural equation modeling and formal tests of mediation. As hypothesized, the advocacy intervention first resulted in women successfully obtaining desired community resources and increasing their social support, which enhanced their overall quality of life. This improvement in well‐being appeared to serve as a protective factor from subsequent abuse, as women who received the intervention were significantly less likely to be abused at 2‐year follow‐up compared with women in the control condition. Increased quality of life completely mediated the impact of the advocacy intervention on later reabuse. Discussion places advocacy for women in the context of other efforts that are needed to build an effective community response to preventing intimate violence against women.
Mentoring College‐Age Women: A Relational Approach
Authors: Liang Belle , Tracy Allison J. , Taylor Catherine A. , Williams Linda M. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractDespite the popularity of mentoring programs, the relational dimension of mentoring has not been elucidated. Traditional conceptions of mentoring may exclude factors that are particularly important for women and girls, thus limiting the efficacy of mentoring programs for female adolescents. We suggest that the presence of relational qualities in the mentoring relationship (e.g., empathy, engagement, authenticity, and empowerment) strongly influences the success of mentoring in the lives of young women. In this study, we use a promising new measure of mentoring, the Relational Health Index – Mentor, to explore the impact of relational aspects of mentoring in female college students. We found that mentoring relationships high in relational qualities were associated with higher self‐esteem and less loneliness.
Incident‐related stressors, locus of control, coping, and psychological distress among firefighters in Northern Ireland
Authors: Brown Jill , Mulhern Gerry , Joseph Stephen 
Published: December 2002

AbstractThis study was an investigation into the associations between incident‐related stressors, locus of control, coping, and psychological distress in firefighters in Northern Ireland during the time of political violence. Among 248 male firefighters, greater psychological distress was associated with greater frequency of incident‐related negative emotions, external locus of control, less task‐ and emotion‐focused coping, and greater avoidance coping. It was also found that the frequency of exposure to incident‐related stressors moderated the association between locus of control and psychological distress and that avoidance coping mediated the relationship between locus of control and psychological distress. Avoidance coping accounted for most of the explained variance in psychological distress. These results point to the potential value of coping‐skills training in emergency personnel.
The relation of appraisal, coping efforts, and acuteness of trauma to PTS symptoms among former political prisoners
Authors: Kanninen Katri , Punamäki Raija‐Leena , Qouta Samir 
Published: December 2002

AbstractWe examined how trauma‐specific appraisals and coping efforts mediate between traumatic experiences, acuteness of trauma, and length of imprisonment and posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTS) among 103 Palestinian former political prisoners. The findings provide support for both direct and mediated models of trauma. The acuteness of trauma (time since release), appraisal of prison experience as harmful and involving loss, and use of both emotion‐ and problem‐focused coping efforts were associated with high levels of PTS symptoms. Torture and ill‐treatment had a direct association with intrusion, and recent release from prison with avoidance symptoms. Acuteness of trauma turned out to be important in the coping and symptom association: emotion‐focused coping was associated with a low level of PTS symptoms in the long run, whereas problem‐focused coping was associated with a low level of PTS symptoms in the short run.
Caregiver burden and psychological distress in partners of veterans with chronic posttraumatic stress disorder
Authors: Calhoun Patrick S. , Beckham Jean C. , Bosworth Hayden B. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractCaregiver burden and psychological distress were examined in a sample of 71 partners of Vietnam War combat veterans. Partners of patients (n = 51) diagnosed with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) experienced more caregiver burden and had poorer psychological adjustment than did partners of veterans without PTSD (n = 20). Among PTSD caregivers, patient PTSD symptom severity and level of interpersonal violence were associated with increased caregiver burden. When accounting for patient PTSD symptom severity, hostility, presence of major depression, level of interpersonal violence, and health complaints, only PTSD severity was uniquely associated with caregiver burden. Caregiver sociodemographic factors including age, race, education, and the availability of social support, did not moderate the relationship between PTSD symptom severity and caregiver burden. Caregiver burden was strongly related to spouse psychological adjustment.
Emergency room vital signs and PTSD in a treatment seeking sample of motor vehicle accident survivors
Authors: Blanchard Edward B. , Hickling Edward J. , Galovski Tara , Veazey Connie 
Published: December 2002

AbstractSeeking to replicate earlier reports by Shalev et al. (1998) and R. A. Bryant. A. G. Harvey. R. M. Guthrie, and M. L. Moulds (2000) that elevated heart rate (HR) shortly after a trauma was predictive of later posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), we examined vital sign data on 74 treatment‐seeking motor vehicle accident (MVA) survivors, taken in the Emergency Department (ED) following their MVAs. Contrary to expectations, we found that those with elevated HRs in the ED were significantly less likely to meet criteria for PTSD 13 months post‐MVA and that those with elevated HRs had lower levels of posttraumatic stress symptoms. Likewise, those with current PTSD had lower ED values of HR and DBP than did those who did not currently meet criteria for PTSD.
Battered Women's Coping Strategies and Psychological Distress: Differences by Immigration Status
Authors: Yoshihama Mieko 
Published: December 2002

AbstractPeople are rarely passive, and battered women are no exception. This study investigated the types of coping strategies women of Japanese descent (both Japan‐born and U.S.‐born) chose and their perceived effectiveness in dealing with their partners' violence. Japan‐born respondents were significantly less likely to use “active” strategies and perceived them to be less effective than did U.S.‐born respondents. For the Japan‐born, the more effective they perceived “active” strategies, the higher their psychological distress, whereas the more effective they perceived “passive” strategies, the lower their psychological distress. In contrast, for the U.S.‐born, the higher the perceived effectiveness of “active” strategies, the lower their psychological distress, and the perceived effectiveness of “passive” strategies had little effect on their psychological distress. The complex relationship between individuals' country of birth, the choice and perceived effectiveness of coping strategies, and psychological distress calls for increased attention to the role of culture in studies of coping and domestic violence.
Incidence of Invasive Breast Cancer by Hormone Receptor Status From 1992 to 1998
Authors: Li Christopher I. , Daling Janet R. , Malone Kathleen E. 
Published: December 2002

Purpose: Between 1987 and 1998, breast cancer incidence rates rose 0.5%/yr in the United States. A question of potential etiologic and clinical importance is whether the hormone receptor status of breast tumors is also changing over time. This is because hormone receptor status may reflect different etiologic pathways and is useful in predicting response to adjuvant therapy and prognosis. Methods: Age-adjusted, age-specific breast cancer incidence rates by estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) status from 1992 to 1998 were obtained and compared from 11 population-based cancer registries in the United States that participate in the National Cancer Institute’s Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program. Results: From 1992 to1998, the overall proportion of breast cancers that were ER-positive and PR-positive increased from 75.4% to 77.5% (P = .0002) and from 65.0% to 67.7% (P < .0001), respectively, continuing trends observed before 1992. These increases were limited to women 40 to 69 years of age. The proportions of ER-positive/PR-positive tumors increased from 56.7% to 62.3% (P = .0010) among 40- to 49-year-olds, from 58.0% to 63.2% (P = .0002) among 50- to 59-year-olds, and from 63.2% to 67.9% (P = .0020) among 60- to 69-year-olds. Conclusion: From 1992 to 1998, the proportion of tumors that are hormone receptor–positive rose as the proportion of hormone receptor–negative tumors declined. Because the incidence rates of hormone receptor–negative tumors remained fairly constant over these years, the overall rise in breast cancer incidence rates in the United States seems to be primarily a result of the increase in the incidence of hormone receptor–positive tumors. Hormonal factors may account for this trend.
Thalidomide Alone or With Dexamethasone for Previously Untreated Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Weber Donna , Rankin Kim , Gavino Maria , Delasalle Kay , Alexanian Raymond 
Published: December 2002

Purpose: To evaluate the activity of thalidomide in patients with asymptomatic multiple myeloma and of thalidomide-dexamethasone in patients with previously untreated symptomatic myeloma. Patients and Methods: Twenty-eight patients with previously untreated asymptomatic myeloma were treated with thalidomide 100 to 200 mg orally (PO) at bedtime (qhs) with serial increments of 50 to 100 mg at weekly intervals, as tolerated to a maximum of 600 mg PO qhs. Forty consecutive previously untreated patients with symptomatic myeloma were also treated as above (maximum dose 400 mg) and received dexamethasone 20 mg/m2 for 4 days beginning on days 1, 9, and 17; the second and third cycles of repeated dexamethasone were begun on day 30. Both groups of patients were treated for at least 3 months. Results: The response rate was 36% for patients treated with thalidomide alone and 72% for patients treated with thalidomide-dexamethasone, the latter including complete remission in 16% of patients. The median time to remission was 4.2 months with thalidomide alone and 0.7 months with thalidomide-dexamethasone. Grade 3 toxicity included infections (nine patients) and thrombotic/embolic events (seven patients). Five deaths have occurred as a result of multiple myeloma (two patients), infection (one patient), unknown cause (one patient), and a possible thromboembolic event (one patient). Conclusion: Thalidomide alone was effective in patients with newly diagnosed myeloma. The combination with dexamethasone induced a high frequency of response, rapid onset of remission, and low incidence of serious irreversible toxicity. These observations support further studies of this promising combination for patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma.
Randomized Phase III Trial of Fluorouracil Alone Versus Fluorouracil Plus Cisplatin Versus Uracil and Tegafur Plus Mitomycin in Patients With Unresectable, Advanced Gastric Cancer: The Japan Clinical Oncology Group Study (JCOG9205)
Authors: Ohtsu Atsushi , Shimada Yasuhiro , Shirao Kuniaki , Boku Narikazu , Hyodo Ichinosuke , Saito Hiroshi , Yamamichi Noboru , Miyata Yoshinori , Ikeda Nobumasa , Yamamoto Seiichiro , Fukuda Haruhiko , Yoshida Shigeaki 
Published: December 2002

Purpose: To compare fluorouracil (FU) alone with FU plus cisplatin (FP) and with uracil and tegafur plus mitomycin (UFTM) for patients with advanced gastric cancer in a prospective, randomized, controlled trial. Patients and Methods: A total of 280 patients with advanced gastric cancer were randomly allocated and analyzed for survival, response, and toxicity. The survival curves were compared between groups by log-rank test on an intent-to-treat basis. Results: At the interim analysis, the UFTM arm showed a significantly inferior survival with higher incidences of hematologic toxic effects than did control arm FU alone, and the registration to UFTM was terminated. Both investigational regimens, FP and UFTM, had a significantly higher incidence of hematologic toxic effects than FU alone, although the effects were manageable. The overall response rates of the FU-alone, FP, and UFTM arms were 11%, 34%, and 9%, respectively. The median progression-free survival was 1.9 months with FU alone, 3.9 months with FP, and 2.4 months with UFTM, respectively. Although FP demonstrated a higher response rate (P < .001) and longer progression-free survival than did FU alone (P < .001), no differences in overall survival were observed between the arms. The median survival times and 1-year survival rates were 7.1 months and 28% with FU, 7.3 months and 29% with FP, and 6.0 months and 16% with UFTM, respectively. Conclusion: Neither investigational regimen, FP nor UFTM, showed a survival advantage as compared with FU alone. FU alone will remain a reference arm in our future trial for advanced gastric cancer.
Atypical progeroid syndrome: An unknown helicase gene defect?
Authors: Ruijs M.W.G. , van Andel R.N.J. , Oshima J. , Madan K. , Nieuwint A.W.M. , Aalfs C.M. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractWe describe a boy with chromosomal breakage syndrome, who died of hepatocellular carcinoma at the age of 17 years. Other findings included growth retardation, bilateral cataracts, premature graying of hair and elevated levels of urinary hyaluronic acid. Intellectual functions were normal. Although some manifestations were suggestive of Werner syndrome, the diagnosis could not be confirmed by molecular investigations. Therefore, this patient probably represents a provisionally unique syndrome, perhaps due to a mutation in a related (helicase) gene. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Lack of association between eNOS gene polymorphisms and ischemic heart disease in the Spanish population
Authors: Via Marc , López‐Alomar Antonio , Valveny Neus , González‐Pérez Emilio , Bao Meritxell , Esteban Esther , Pintó Xavier , Domingo Enric , Moral Pedro 
Published: December 2002

AbstractThrough the nitric oxide (NO) production in the vascular system, the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS or NOS3) is a key enzyme in blood pressure regulation and atherosclerosis control. Several previous studies have suggested an important role of eNOS as a genetic risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. In this context, a genetic association study was carried out between two eNOS polymorphisms (the ecNOS4a/b VNTR and the G894T substitution) in a sample of 101 nuclear families having one affected offspring of ischemic heart disease (IHD). Transmission disequilibrium test (TDT) revealed partial associations between the VNTR marker and IHD in patients with a type A behavior pattern (TABP) (P = 0.0325, RR = 3.67) and for the haplotype formed by variant b of the VNTR and the T mutation of the G894T substitution in the IHD‐affected subgroup having body mass index (BMI) lower than 25 (P = 0.0348, RR = 0.22). However, once multiple testing correction was applied, the associations became nonsignificant. A significant effect of the haplotype b‐G increasing high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C) plasma levels was detected (P = 0.021 after Bonferroni correction). From a population point of view, frequencies found for G894T substitution in Spain were significantly different from other populations. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
X‐linked dominant chondrodysplasia punctata (CDPX2) caused by single gene mosaicism in a male
Authors: Aughton David J. , Kelley Richard I. , Metzenberg Aida , Pureza Vincent , Pauli Richard M. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractX‐linked dominant chondrodysplasia punctata (CDPX2; Happle syndrome) is recognized almost exclusively in females, who display mosaic and asymmetric features, presumed to arise secondary to random X‐inactivation. CDPX2 results from mutation of an X‐linked gene coding for sterol‐Δ8‐Δ7 isomerase (emopamil binding protein). We describe a boy with clinical features of CDPX2 (including those presumed to arise usually secondary to functional mosaicism in females). Biochemical and molecular studies demonstrate that he is mosaic for a sterol‐Δ8‐Δ7 isomerase gene mutation. He is the first reported example of single gene mosaicism giving rise to CDPX2 in a male. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A clinical perspective of cystic fibrosis and new genetic findings: Relationship of CFTR mutations to genotype–phenotype manifestations
Authors: Kulczycki Lucas L. , Kostuch Marzena , Bellanti Joseph A. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractThe present report describes several aspects of the relationship of mutations in the cystic fibrosis (CF) transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene to phenotype expression of the disease including several clinical vignettes from the authors' experience. The genotype‐phenotype relationships in CF are complex, and are affected by many factors, including pollution, smoking, bacterial infection, malnutrition, and certain therapeutic agents. The number of CFTR mutations is growing continuously and rapidly, and more than 1,000 mutations have been discovered so far. From a genetic point of view, the ΔF508 mutation is not only the most frequently encountered but also the most severe genetic lesion for homozygotes. The great clinical variability observed in patients with CF, particularly the severity of lung disease, involvement of the pancreas, and male infertility, are beginning to be better understood through the knowledge, although incomplete, of CFTR mutations and their phenotype expressions. This knowledge has had very significant research and clinical applications in all dimensions of the CF problem. It has not only contributed to the enhancement of better diagnosis and clinical management, but it also has opened new and unanticipated lines of investigation and research. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Inhibition of glial cell proinflammatory activities by peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma agonist confers partial protection during antimyelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein demyelination in vitro
Authors: Duvanel Cécile Besson , Honegger Paul , Pershadsingh Harrihar , Feinstein Douglas , Matthieu Jean‐Marie 
Published: December 2002

AbstractPeroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma (PPAR‐γ) is a member of the nuclear hormone superfamily originally characterized as a regulator of adipocyte differentiation and lipid metabolism. In addition, PPAR‐γ has important immunomodulatory functions. If the effect of PPAR‐γ's activation in T‐cell‐mediated demyelination has been recently demonstrated, nothing is known about the role of PPAR‐γ in antibody‐induced demyelination in the absence of T‐cell interactions and monocyte/macrophage activation. Therefore, we investigated PPAR‐γ's involvement by using an in vitro model of inflammatory demyelination in three‐dimensional aggregating rat brain cell cultures. We found that PPAR‐γ was not constitutively expressed in these cultures but was strongly up‐regulated following demyelination mediated by antibodies directed against myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) in the presence of complement. Pioglitazone, a selective PPAR‐γ agonist, partially protected aggregates from anti‐MOG demyelination. Heat shock responses and the expression of the proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor‐α were diminished by pioglitazone treatment. Therefore, pioglitazone protection seems to be linked to an inhibition of glial cell proinflammatory activities following anti‐MOG induced demyelination. We show that PPAR‐γ agonists act not only on T cells but also on antibody‐mediated demyelination. This may represent a significant benefit in treating multiple sclerosis patients. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Neural progenitor cells resist excitatory amino acid‐induced neurotoxicity
Authors: Hsieh Wen‐Ya , Hsieh Yi‐Lin , Liu Demeral David , Yang San‐Nan , Wu Jian‐Nan 
Published: December 2002

AbstractThe applications of neural progenitor cells in clinical therapy for neural degeneration, such as Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and cerebral infarction, have long been explored widely. It had been suggested that these cells may block the apoptosis of ischemia‐induced neuronal damage and may themselves resist neurotoxic factors. In the present study, neural progenitor cells derived from the cortex of rodent embryos were cultured with the mitogenic agent epidermal growth factor. It was observed that these progenitor cells could self‐renew and differentiate into a number of types of neurons and glial cells. By using sodium nitroprusside, glutamate, and N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate, these neural progenitor cells were shown to have a higher resistance to neurotoxicity induced by these drugs compared with primary neuronal cells. However, the release of nitric oxide in response to glutamate by these neural progenitor cells was similar to the released by primary neuronal cells. Also, when the glutamate‐stimulated increase in intracellular free Ca2+ concentration was measured, stimulation of the glutamate receptors could not induce a significant influx of Ca2+ into these progenitor cells until they differentiated. Our results suggest that the resistance of neural progenitor cells to neurotoxicity may be partially due to a lack of response to glutamate. In addition, some progenitor‐generated neurotrophic factors may contribute to the resistance of these cells to nitric oxide‐induced neurotoxicity. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Peroxynitrite generated in the rat spinal cord induces oxidation and nitration of proteins: Reduction by Mn (III) tetrakis (4‐benzoic acid) porphyrin
Authors: Bao Feng , DeWitt Douglas S. , Prough Donald S. , Liu Danxia 
Published: December 2002

AbstractTo determine whether peroxynitrite at the concentration and duration present after spinal cord injury induces protein oxidation and nitration in vivo, the peroxynitrite donor 3‐morpholinosydnonimine (SIN‐1) was administered into the gray matter of the rat spinal cord for 5 hr. The cords were removed at 6, 12, 24, and 48 hr after SIN‐1 exposure, immunohistochemically stained with antibodies to dinitrophenyl (DNP) and nitrotyrosine (Ntyr), markers of protein oxidation and nitration, respectively, and the immunostained neurons were counted. The percentages of DNP‐positive (P = 0.023–0.002) and Ntyr‐positive (P < 0.001 for all) neurons were significantly higher in the SIN‐1‐exposed groups than in the ACSF controls at each time, suggesting that peroxynitrite induced intracellular oxidation and nitration of proteins. The percentages of DNP‐ and Ntyr‐positive neurons were not significantly different over time in either SIN‐1‐ or ACSF‐exposed groups (P = 0.20–1.00). The percentage of DNP‐positive neurons was 7.6 ± 3% to 12 ± 4.2% at 6–24 hr, and it was 14 ± 2% to 19 ± 2% at 6–24 hr for Ntyr‐positive neurons after SIN‐1‐exposure, whereas both ranged over 2–3% in ACSF controls. Mn (III) tetrakis (4‐benzoic acid) porphyrin (MnTBAP, a broad‐spectrum scavenger of reactive species) significantly reduced the percentages of DNP‐ and Ntyr‐positive neurons (P = 0.04 and 0.002, respectively) compared to a SIN‐1‐exposed, untreated group at 24 hr after SIN‐1 exposure. There were no significant differences between MnTBAP‐treated and ACSF controls (P = 0.7 for DNP and 0.2 for Ntyr). These results further demonstrate peroxynitrite‐induced protein oxidation and nitration and the efficiency of MnTBAP in scavenging peroxynitrite. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.