bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fine‐needle aspiration cytology of intraductal papillary‐mucinous tumors: A retrospective analysis
Authors: Layfield Lester J. , Cramer Harvey 
Published: December 2004

AbstractIntraductal papillary‐mucinous tumor (IPMT) of the pancreas has become the accepted terminology for a group of mucin‐producing epithelial proliferations lying within ectatic segments of the main pancreatic duct or its large branches. These neoplasms generally are associated with an indolent course, characteristic endoscopic ultrasonographic (EUS) findings, and a variable histo‐ and cytomorphology ranging from hyperplasia to carcinoma. Cytological specimens obtained by endoscopic ultrasound‐guided or percutaneous fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) are characterized by a background containing abundant mucin in which are entrapped single or loosely cohesive clusters of neoplastic cells characteristically showing a goblet‐cell morphology. The degree of nuclear atypia, cell crowding, and cell shape varies between smears within a single case and between cases. Cytomorphological examination, when coupled with EUS features, is accurate for the diagnosis of these lesions but often it underdiagnoses the grade of the neoplasm. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2005;32:16–20. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Secretory carcinoma of the male breast: Correlation of aspiration cytology and pathology
Authors: Alenda Cristina , Aranda F. Ignacio , Seguí F. Javier , Laforga Juan 
Published: December 2004

AbstractSecretory carcinoma (SC) is a rare variant of breast carcinoma, which was first described in children and adolescents but it can occur at all ages. Very few cases have been reported in male patients. We describe the cytological and histopathological features of SC in a 79‐yr‐old man. Cytological findings demonstrated cohesive sheets of monotonous cells with round nuclei and small nucleoli. Most cells contained intracytoplasmic vacuoles, which are the key feature of an accurate diagnosis. Differential diagnosis with other tumors is discussed briefly. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2005;32:47–50. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthesis and Metal‐Complexation Properties of a New Hydroxypyrimidinone‐Functionalized Sepharose
Authors: Esteves M. Alexandra , Cachudo Anabela , Chaves Sílvia , Santos M. Amélia 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe 1‐hydroxy‐2‐(1H)‐pyrimidinone derivative 4‐(3‐aminopropylamino)‐1‐hydroxy‐2‐(1H)‐pyrimidinone (HOPY‐PrN) was synthesized and its acid‐base and complexation properties towards a set of metal ions (FeIII, AlIII, and ThIV) were studied by potentiometry and spectrophotometry. The ligand was further immobilized in an epoxy‐activated sepharose by chemical coupling through the aminoalkyl pendent group with the aim of improving its sequestering capacity for residual amounts of metals. The new hydroxypyrimidinone‐functionalized sepharose shows a high chelating capacity for metal ions in the pH range 3−8, thus suggesting good perspectives for potential environmental applications. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Structural Diversity of Low‐Dimensional Compounds in [M(en)2]2+/[Re6Q8(CN)6]4− Systems (M = Mn, Ni, Cu)
Authors: Brylev Konstantin A. , Pilet Guillaume , Naumov Nikolai G. , Perrin Andre , Fedorov Vladimir E. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractFive new octahedral chalcocyanide cluster compounds [{Mn(H2O)(en)2}{Mn(en)2}Re6Te8(CN)6]·3H2O (1), [Ni(NH3)2(en)2]2[{Ni(NH3)4}Re6Se8(CN)6]Cl2·2H2O (2), [Ni(NH3)2(en)2]2[{Ni(NH3)4}Re6Te8(CN)6]Cl2·H2O (3), (NH4)2[{Ni(en)2}3{Re6Te8(CN)6}2]·6H2O (4) and (Et4N)2[Cu(NH3)(en)2]2[{Cu(en)2}{Re6Te8(CN)6}2]·2H2O (5) (en = ethylenediamine), have been synthesised. All five compounds have been characterised by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis. Compounds 1−3 have chain‐like polymeric structures, whereas compound 4 exhibits a two‐dimensional polymeric structure, with negatively charged [{Ni(en)2}3{Re6Te8(CN)6}2]2−∞∞ layers, and compound 5 has an ionic structure where anionic [{Cu(en)2}{Re6Te8(CN)6}2]6− dimers are packed with cationic [Cu(NH3)(en)2]2+ complexes and Et4N+ cations. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Ionic Liquids as Reaction Media for Palladium‐Catalysed Cross‐Coupling of Aryldiazonium Tetrafluoroborates with Potassium Organotrifluoroborates
Authors: Gallo Vito , Mastrorilli Piero , Nobile Cosimo F. , Paolillo Rossella , Taccardi Nicola 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe system comprising a palladium complex in a 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate/methanol mixture efficiently catalyses the cross‐coupling reaction between p‐tolyldiazonium tetrafluoroborate and potassium phenyltrifluoroborate at room temperature. The presence of methanol (or water) in the reaction mixture is necessary in order to achieve quantitative conversions, due to its scavenging behaviour towards the BF3 formed during the reaction. Yields higher than 90% were obtained using Pd2(dba)3 or the azapalladacycle 10 as the palladium source. With the latter complex a turnover frequency of about 6000 h−1 was attained in the coupling of aryldiazonium tetrafluoroborates with potassium vinyltrifluoroborate. Recycling of the catalytic solution could be performed provided that a slight excess of diazonium salt was used in the first run. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Using eco‐efficiency analysis to assess renewable‐resource–based technologies
Authors: Wall‐Markowski Charlene A. , Kicherer Andreas , Saling Peter 
Published: December 2004

AbstractProducts derived from renewable resources are most liekly to succeed in the marketplace if they demonstrate comparable or better product quality and price versus the synthetically produced alternatives. There is significant opportunity for growth as consumers become more aware of the environmental impacts of products. However, a key factor is educating both the public and industry as to which products are in fact better: bio‐based or traditionally synthesized chemical‐based. The answer is not obvious, and must be evaluated on a case‐by‐case basis.In order to determine the benefits of bio‐based materials, BASF utilizes its Eco‐efficiency method to assess the environmental, economic and social impact of products over their entire life‐cycle. Eco‐efficiency has demonstrated in some cases that bio‐based materials have advantages, but in other cases that materials produced by traditional chemical synthesis are better. Case studies involving product of Vitamin B2 and cradle‐to‐gate production of polymers are presented.Products derived from renewable resources present an exciting new development in the chemical industry with many potential opportunities. Industry should pursue these products where it makes sense from an environmental, economic and social perspective. © 2004 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 2004
Removal of boron from wastewater by precipitation of a sparingly soluble salt
Authors: Remy Patricia , Muhr Hervé , Plasari Edouard , Ouerdiane Imen 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe removal of boron from wastewater has to be considered on a case‐by‐case basis because no boron compound is known to be precipitated quantitatively. Based on an industrial case, many methods were tested for the treatment of wastewater containing 50 g L−1 of sulfuric acid and 0.7 g L−1 of boron, and a well‐adapted precipitation process consisting of the neutralization of boric and sulfuric acids by powdered calcium hydroxide is proposed. Experimental results show that under optimal conditions (50 g L−1 of powdered calcium hydroxide, a temperature of 90° C, and process time of 2 h), the residual boron concentration in solution was reduced from 700 to less than 50 mg L−1, a value never reached before by a precipitation process. © 2004 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 2004
Cytogenetic and phylogenetic studies in the genus VernoniaSchreb.
Authors: Adegbite A. E. , Ayodele M. S. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractChromosome studies were carried out on some Nigerian species of Vernonia. Chromosome counts of n = 9 (2n = 18) and n = 10 (2n = 20) were recorded for the species considered. Hybridization, polyploidy and aneuploid decrease have been implicated as major mechanisms of evolution in the genus. Evidence from this work and previous studies have been invoked to suggest the evolution of the Vernonia species from closely related ancient species with basic chromosome number of x = 4 and x = 5. A phylogenetic chart of chromosome number evolution is proposed. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
DommiMOE: An implementation of ligand field molecular mechanics in the molecular operating environment
Authors: Deeth Robert J. , Fey Natalie , Williams–Hubbard Benjamin 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe ligand field molecular mechanics (LFMM) model, which incorporates the ligand field stabilization energy (LFSE) directly into the potential energy expression of molecular mechanics (MM), has been implemented in the “chemically aware” molecular operating environment (MOE) software package. The new program, christened DommiMOE, is derived from our original in‐house code that has been linked to MOE via its applications programming interface and a number of other routines written in MOE's native scientific vector language (SVL). DommiMOE automates the assignment of atom types and their associated parameters and popular force fields available in MOE such as MMFF94, AMBER, and CHARMM can be easily extended to provide a transition metal simulation capability. Some of the unique features of the LFMM are illustrated using MMFF94 and some simple [MCl4]2− and [Ni(NH3)n]2+ species. These studies also demonstrate how density functional theory calculations, especially on experimentally inaccessible systems, provide important data for designing improved LFMM parameters. DommiMOE treats Jahn–Teller distortions automatically, and can compute the relative energies of different spin states for Ni(II) complexes using a single set of LFMM parameters. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 26: 123–130, 2005
Evolutionary method for the assembly of rigid protein fragments
Authors: De Sancho David , Prieto Lidia , Rubio Ana M. , Rey Antonio 
Published: December 2004

AbstractGenetic algorithms constitute a powerful optimization method that has already been used in the study of the protein folding problem. However, they often suffer from a lack of convergence in a reasonably short time for complex fitness functions. Here, we propose an evolutionary strategy that can reproducibly find structures close to the minimum of a potential function for a simplified protein model in an efficient way. The model reduces the number of degrees of freedom of the system by treating the protein structure as composed of rigid fragments. The search incorporates a double encoding procedure and a merging operation from subpopulations that evolve independently of one another, both contributing to the good performance of the full algorithm. We have tested it with protein structures of different degrees of complexity, and present our conclusions related to its possible application as an efficient tool for the analysis of folding potentials. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 26: 131–141, 2005
Development of a membrane‐assisted hybrid bioreactor for ammonia and COD removal in wastewaters
Authors: Oyanedel Vinka , Campos Jose Luis , Garrido Juan Manuel , Lazarova Valentina , Méndez Ramón 
Published: December 2004

AbstractA new membrane‐assisted hybrid bioreactor was developed to remove ammonia and organic matter. This system was composed of a hybrid circulating bed reactor (CBR) coupled in series to an ultrafiltration membrane module for biomass separation. The growth of biomass both in suspension and biofilms was promoted in the hybrid reactor. The system was operated for 103 days, during which a constant ammonia loading rate (ALR) was fed to the system. The COD/N‐NH4+ ratio was manipulated between 0 and 4, in order to study the effects of different organic matter concentrations on the nitrification capacity of the system. Experimental results have shown that it was feasible to operate with a membrane hybrid system attaining 99% chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal and ammonia conversion. The ALR was 0.92 kg N‐NH4+ m−3 d−1 and the organic loading rate (OLR) achieved up to 3.6 kg COD m−3 d−1. Also, the concentration of ammonia in the effluent was low, 1 mg N‐NH4+ dm−3. Specific activity determinations have shown that there was a certain degree of segregation of nitrifiers and heterotrophs between the two biomass phases in the system. Growth of the slow‐growing nitrifiers took place preferentially in the biofilm and the fast‐growing heterotrophs grew in suspension. This fact allowed the nitrifying activity in the biofilm be maintained around 0.8 g N g−1 protein d−1, regardless of the addition of organic matter in the influent. The specific nitrifying activity of suspended biomass varied between 0.3 and 0.4 g N g−1 VSS d−1. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
Transcriptional tumor‐selective promoter targeting of E. coli purine nucleoside phosphorylase for pancreatic cancer suicide gene therapy
Authors: Deharvengt Sophie , Wack Séverine , Aprahamian Marc , Hajri Amor 
Published: December 2004

AbstractBackgroundPancreatic cancer remains a rapidly fatal disease. Suicide gene therapy has been shown to be an effective tool for pancreatic tumor cell destruction, but a cell‐specific gene delivery is required to limit host toxicity. The objective of this study was both to design recombinant vectors in which the suicide gene E. coli purine nucleoside phosphorylase (ePNP) is under the control of either CEA or MUC1 promoter sequences and to investigate on experimental pancreatic carcinomas the selective killing effects of the conditional ePNP/prodrug (MePdR) system.MethodsTranscriptional activities of CEA and MUC1 promoter sequences were analyzed using luciferase reporter gene constructions. Thereafter, recombinant vectors expressing ePNP under control of the most promising pCEA and pMUC1 sequences were designed and used to establish stable tumor cell transfectants from two human pancreatic cell lines, respectively tumor‐marker positive (BxPc3) or negative (Panc‐1), then applied for in vitro and in vivo experiments.ResultsTransient experiments indicated that CEA and MUC1 promoter sequences confer specificity while preserving high transcriptional activities. The MePdR treatment induced a high in vitro cytotoxicity on the sole CEA‐ and MUC1‐producing cell lines (i.e. BxPc3‐CEA and ‐MUC1/ePNP). In the same way, prodrug treatment induced a significant tumor regression on the sole tumor‐marker‐positive BxPc3 xenografts, whilst the Panc1‐CEA and ‐MUC1/ePNP tumors were not affected.ConclusionsThese data confirm and extend the antitumor efficacy of the ePNP/MePdR killing system and demonstrate the feasibility of the transcriptional targeting strategy under tumor marker promoter control and thereby a preferential killing of CEA‐ and MUC1‐producing pancreatic tumor cells. Thus, efficient in vivo gene delivery and transcriptional targeting constitute the major future clinical challenge for a selective pancreatic cancer suicide gene strategy. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Crystallization of Poly(ethylene terephthalate) in Poly(ethylene terephthalate)/Bisphenol A Polycarbonate Block Copolymers: Influence of Block Length and Role of the Rubbery Amorphous Component
Authors: Celli Annamaria , Marchese Paola 
Published: December 2004

AbstractSummary: Analysis was made of the crystallization of the PET blocks in PET/PC copolymers as a function of the block length, varying from $\overline M _{\rm n}$ = 5300 to 17100 g · mol−1 (Xn PET = 28–89, PET monomeric sequences). Analysis was also made of a series of PET homopolymers with the same $\overline M _{\rm n}$ values. The copolymers were found to crystallize at a slower rate, with lower crystallinity and lower crystal perfection, than the homopolymers and secondary crystallization does not take place, unlike with PET homopolymers. However the crystallization mechanism is the same. The plot of the crystallization rate versus Xn PET shows that the homopolymers have a maximum crystallization rate at Xn PET ≅ 50 ($\overline M _{\rm n}$ ≅ 10000 g · mol−1), whereas the crystallization rate for copolymers continuously increases with the increment of Xn PET (see Figure). The decrement of the crystallization rate for homopolymers with $\overline M _{\rm n}$ higher than 10000 g · mol−1 has been interpreted as due to the effect of the high melt viscosity. For copolymers with long PET blocks, instead, a phase separation is likely and improves the PET reptation and fold, causing an increment in crystallization rate. Block size and miscibility between the components are therefore the key parameters in understanding the crystallization process in PET/PC block copolymers.
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Effects of Pressure and Nanoparticle Functionality on CO2‐Selective Nanocomposites Derived from Crosslinked Poly(ethylene glycol)
Authors: Patel Nikunj P. , Zielinski John M. , Samseth Jon , Spontak Richard J. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractSummary: Purification of H2 generated from industrial gasification processes requires removal of CO2 as the permeate from mixed CO2/H2 streams to avoid costly H2 repressurization. Such gas separation can be achieved through the use of reverse‐selective polymer membranes that exhibit high CO2 affinity. In this work, the physical properties of CO2‐selective membranes composed of poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGda), as well as PEGda nanocomposites with 10 wt.‐% fumed silica (FS), are reported. Two PEGda oligomers differing in chain length and FS nanoparticles varying in surface functionality are exposed to CO2 at low and high pressures to elucidate the roles of CO2 pressure, network topology and nanoparticle aggregation on molecular transport and solubility. Results from swelling and sorption kinetics confirm that both penetrant diffusivity and solubility increase with increasing PEGda chain length and decreasing network density. Methacrylate‐terminated FS nanoparticles are more effective in improving rheological properties and retaining high CO2 selectivity than hydroxyl‐terminated nanoparticles of comparable size.TGA profiles obtained from crosslinked PEGda membranes and their corresponding nanocomposites: PEGda575 (•), PEGda575 with 10 wt.‐% FSma (▴), PEGda700 (○), and PEGda700 with 10 wt.‐% FSma (▵).magnified imageTGA profiles obtained from crosslinked PEGda membranes and their corresponding nanocomposites: PEGda575 (•), PEGda575 with 10 wt.‐% FSma (▴), PEGda700 (○), and PEGda700 with 10 wt.‐% FSma (▵).
Incorporation of Carbon Nanotubes into Hollow Microcapsules Using a Removable Template Assembly
Authors: Zhao Qinghe , Gao Changyou , Shen Jiacong , Li Yu , Zhang Xiaobin 
Published: December 2004

AbstractSummary: Carboxylated multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) were assembled with poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH) onto decomposable colloidal particles, to subsequently yield hollow microcapsules after core removal. A sandwich structure with MWNTs layer embedded in poly(styrenesulfonate sodium salt) (PSS)/PAH multilayers was designed and constructed on melamine formaldehyde particles. Transmission electron microscopy and confocal microscopy revealed the hollow structure and good dispersity of the resultant microcapsules. The MWNTs were uniformly distributed on the capsule walls.TEM images of (PSS/PAH)5/MWNT/(PAH/PSS)2 microcapsules templated on MF microparticles, after core decomposition (main). They still preserve their continuous and intact structure with no signs of rupture. Inset: magnified surface.imageTEM images of (PSS/PAH)5/MWNT/(PAH/PSS)2 microcapsules templated on MF microparticles, after core decomposition (main). They still preserve their continuous and intact structure with no signs of rupture. Inset: magnified surface.
Cover Picture: Macromol. Theory Simul. 9/2004
Authors: Negadi Amina , Dua Arti , Vilgis Thomas A. 
Published: December 2004

Cover: The picture on the cover represents a polymer chain immersed in a critical fluid confined in a nanopore. The size of the polymer, which depends on the proximity to the critical point τ and the pore diameter D, varies according to the effective potential. Far above the critical point the chain is stretched. At solvent criticality (τ = 0), its size is determined by the pore diameter and its excluded volume ν. For larger D the potential becomes negative. The chain collapses inside the blobs.Further details can be found in the Full Paper by A. Negadi, A. Dua, and T. A. Vilgis* on page 743.
A note on backward errors for structured linear systems
Authors: Sun Ji‐Guang 
Published: December 2004

AbstractLet x̃ be a computed solution to a linear system Ax=b with , where is a proper subclass of matrices in . A structured backward error (SBE) of x̃ is defined by a measure of the minimal perturbations and such that
equation image
and that the SBE can be used to distinguish the structured backward stability of the computed solution x̃. For simplicity, we may define a partial SBE of x̃ by a measure of the minimal perturbation such that
equation image
Can one use the partial SBE to distinguish the structured backward stability of x̃? In this note we show that the partial SBE may be much larger than the SBE for certain structured linear systems such as symmetric Toeplitz systems, KKT systems, and dual Vandermonde systems. Besides, certain backward errors for linear least squares are discussed. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Innovative approaches to reforming public services in Tanzania
Authors: Rugumyamheto J. A. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractAgainst the background of growing convergence amongst countries with regard to the focus on their public service reforms, the forces driving the same and communalities amongst approaches being adopted, the article assesses the various phases of Tanzania's public service reforms over 20 years. It concludes by posing two questions: first, how are the reforms contributing to improvements in poverty reduction and in service delivery? Second, why should ‘reform’ be treated as a priority in the allocation of budgetary resources by development partners? The answer is that direct links between Public Service Reform Programme (PSRP) interventions and poverty reduction remains elusive, and the challenge is how best to manage that situation. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Blood protein adsorption onto a polymeric biomaterial of polyethylene glycol and poly[(2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate)‐co‐acrylonitrile] and evaluation of in vitro blood compatibility
Authors: Bajpai AK 
Published: December 2004

AbstractA semi‐interpenetrating polymer network (semi‐IPN) of polyethylene glycol (PEG) and crosslinked poly[(2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate)‐co‐acrylonitrile] was prepared and adsorption of bovine serum albumin (BSA) on the IPN surfaces was investigated. The dynamic nature of the adsorption process was studied, and the effects of various experimental factors such as pH and ionic strength on the adsorption isotherms of BSA were investigated. Various kinetic parameters, such as the adsorption coefficient, rate constant for adsorption and penetration rate constants, were calculated. For assessment of in vitro blood compatibility of the IPN surfaces, water sorption, blood clot formation tests and percent hemolysis measurements were performed. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry