bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Its a Girl!”: Bringing Perfarmativity Back to Linguistics
Authors: Livia Anna , Hall Kira 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We began collecting articles for this volume in March 1994 while preparations for the third Berkeley Women and Language Conference (BWLC) were at their height. In our own papers for the 1994 conference, we were each grappling with recent developments in queer theory and its uneasy, often antagonistic, relation to feminist theory. So, as it turned out, were several of the other conference participants that year. During the two previous decades, although a substantial body of research had been carried out on language and gender, few of these studies had taken sexuality, or sexual orientation, as a criterion for analysis, and the vast majority assumed gender as an unproblematic category indexically linked to the sex of the speaker or writer.
Pots and Pans: Identification of Queer Japanese in Terms of Discrimination
Authors: Valentine James 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Japanese and Western people commonly define each other as queer. The peculiarity is considered to apply generally to the “other” people but also includes particular notions of sexual strangeness. Increasingly, and especially with the breakup of the Soviet Union and the consequent search for new solidarities and scapegoats, notions of national or cultural identity are constructed in an occidental-oriental contrast that commonly sets “the Japanese” against “the West: ‘ each representing outsiders beyond the circle of those who belong. Japan and the United States, in particular, have come to perceive each other as mutually defining opposites (Robertson 1990: 188). A special construction of Japan as Other has thus become predominant in the various possible “Othernesses of Japan” that can be set up.
‘I Don ‘t Speak Spritch”: Locating Lesbian Language
Authors: Queen Robin M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The few studies that exist on lesbian language either center on lexical and topical issues (Painter 1978, 1981; Gever and Magnan 1991; Day and Morse 1981) or come to the conclusion that there are no unique linguistic features used by lesbians (Moonwomon 1985, reprinted in this volume). Both of these analyses result from the assumption that there is a lesbian speech community that can be identified and that, once identified, exhibits a specific set of linguistic features. In this chapter, I question the nature of the speech community and find it inadequate for accommodating the unique form of lesbian language. I propose instead the use of a contact- based model for accounting for lesbian language. Through the example of lesbian comic-book characters, I demonstrate how lesbian language consists of the interaction between several stylistic tropes and their conventionalized social meanings.
Introduction Language Ideology as a field of inquiry
Authors: Woolard Kathryn A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
As Raymond Williams observed, “a definition of language is always, implicitly or explicitly, a definition of human beings in the world” (1977:21). The essays in this volume examine definitions and conceptions of language in a wide range of settings. They focus on how such defining activity organizes individuals, institutions, and their interrelations. Representations, whether explicit or implicit, that construe the intersection of language and human beings in a social world are what we mean by “language ideology.” There is as much cultural variation in ideas about language and about how communication works as a social process as there is in the very form of language (Bauman 1983:16; Hymes 1974:13-14, 31). However, language ideology is of anthropological importance not simply because of its ethnographic variability but because it is a mediating link between social forms and forms of talk (if I may be forgiven a turn of phrase that emphasizes product over process). As all of the contributions to this volume point out, ideologies of language are not about language alone. Rather, they envision and enact ties of language to identity, to aesthetics, to morality, and to epistemology. Through such linkages, they underpin not only linguistic form and use but also the very notion of the person and the social group, as well as such fundamental social institutions as religious ritual, child socialization, gender relations, the nation-state, schooling, and law.
Ideologies of Honorific Language
Authors: Irvine Judith T 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
All sociolinguistic systems, presumably, provide some means of expressing respect (or disrespect), but only some systems have those specially conventionalized linguistic forms that linguists have called “honorifics.” This chapter compares several languages-Javanese, Wolof, Zulu, and ChiBemba-with regard to their construction of honorific expressions and the social and cultural frameworks relevant to them.1 The main question to be explored is whether one can identify any cultural concomitants of linguistic systems in which honorifics occur. Asking that question involves attention to language ideologies and their relationships with linguistic form and social life.
Our Ideologies and Theirs
Authors: Collins James 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
During the controversies over the Columbian 09incentenary, it became common to speak of the relation between European-derived political formations and indigenous societies as “encounters.” Much has also been written recently about the dialogue between anthropologists and their consultants and about how this dialogue fruitfully complicates the apparent dichotomy of observer and observed. It is a theme of this book that ideology is generated in particular social sites, often sites of conflictual exchange. This chapter speaks to the various senses of contact, engagement, and intermeshing involved in the study of ideology. I present a case study from native Northern California that focuses on two language encounters: one of an analyst and native speakers during linguistic fieldwork, one of a native community and state credentialing agencies in official language renewal programs. In both encounters we find divergent beliefs about the nature of language as structure, its place in social action, and its relation to such collective orders as family, tribe, and nation-state. These divergences point to a complex, interlinked history of scientific claim, official recognition, and local contestation that involves field linguists and anthropologists, bureaucratic offices, and an Athabaskan-descended people who have come to be known as the Tolowa.
Religion in Politics
Authors: Perry Michael J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Among American religious believers there is disagreement about many fundamental religious/moral matters. Because the United States is both such a religious country and such a religiously pluralistic country, the issue of the proper role of religion in politics is extremely important to political debate. In Religion in Politics, Michael Perry addresses a fundamental question: what role may religious arguments play, if any, either in public debate about what political choices to make or as a basis of political choice? He is principally concerned with political choices that ban or otherwise disfavour one or another sort of human conduct based on the view that the conduct is immoral. He divides the controversy into two debates: the constitutionally proper role of religious arguments in politics, and a related, but distinct, debate about the morally proper role. Perry concludes that political choices about the morality of human conduct should not be based on religion. The newest work by one of the most important constitutional theorists writing today, Religion in Politics is sure to spark a new debate on the subject.
The Renaissance of American Steel
Authors: Ahlbrandt Roger S , Fruehan Richard J , Giarratani Frank 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
By the end of the 1980s, the once mighty U.S. steel industry seemed on its last legs. More than a quarter of a million jobs had been lost, and communities like Pittsburgh and Bethlehem were devastated. Yet today, the industry again stands as a world-class competitor. In The Renaissance of American Steel, Roger Ahlbrandt, Richard Fruehan, and Frank Giarratani illuminate the forces behind this remarkable comeback, drawing valuable lessons for managers not only in the steel business but in any business now battling the global marketplace. Citing evidence from a wide range of companies in the U.S., the U.K., and Japan, and clearly explaining the basics of steel production, the authors show how the industry’s rebirth resulted both from the downsizing of big companies and the rise of minimills capturing markets from the larger companies. They describe how large, traditional firms--including U.S. Steel, British Steel, and Nippon Steel--recognized that they had to reduce the scope of their operations and reorganize to become more competitive. U.S. Steel CEO Tom Graham, for instance, closed plants and refocused the firm’s resources on the market for flat-rolled products. The book also examines how minimills--such as Nucor, Birmingham Steel, Oregon Steel, Tokyo Steel, and Co-Steel Sheerness--have redefined the industry’s structure and competitive dynamics. Nucor, in particular, has emerged as the leader among the minimills--the largest electric furnace-based steel company in the U.S., with annual sales exceeding $3 billion. The reader learns how CEO Ken Iverson, recognizing the opportunities to be seized if Nucor moved beyond traditional products (such as steel joists and rebar), created the most innovative steel mill in the world, with a consistent record of investing in new technologies to lower operating costs and to move into sophisticated, value-added products. Throughout the book, the authors offer sharp insights into the steel industry in the U.S. and abroad--but more important, they highlight the lessons to be learned for managers in all industries. The authors conclude, for instance, that success for both large and small steel producers depends on a critical interplay of factors that touch on leadership, new technologies, and decentralized management. Effective leaders, the authors find, don’t micromanage; they set a goal for the company and communicate it broadly to gain employees’ commitment. High-performing companies aggressively seek technical know-how, even if it means purchasing it from foreign competitors or securing joint agreements. And finally, successful companies decentralize, empowering employees far down in the organization to handle daily decision making. This in-depth analysis of a radically changed industry speaks volumes about the value of flexibility in business. It is an essential resource for any manager working in today’s global economy.
Language in Time
Authors: Auer Peter , Couper-Kuhlen Elizabeth , Müller Frank 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The authors here promote the reintroduction of temporality into the description and analysis of spoken interaction. They argue that spoken words are, in fact, temporal objects and that unless linguists consider how they are delivered within the context of time, they will not capture the full meaning of situated language use. Their approach is rigorously empirical, with analyses of English, German, and Italian rhythm, all grounded in sequences of actual talk-in-internation.
On Reconstructing Grammar
Authors: Gildea Spike 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This book shows how to combine grammaticalization theory with the comparative method to reconstruct the grammar of Proto-Languages. To showcase the methodology, seven morphosyntactically distinct verbal systems in the Cariban family--three ergative, three nominative, and one inverse--are reconstructed. Spike Gildea presents detailed data in his reconstruction of Proto-Carib verbal and nominal morphologies. The inverse verbal system reconstructs to Proto-Carib; the other six are innovative, and reconstruct to Proto-Carib nonfinite source-constructions.
Family Violence
Authors: Gelles Richard J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Over the last three decades, family and intimate violence has been transformed from an issue obscured by selective inattention to a problem that receives increasing professional, public, and policy attention. The explosive growth in our knowledge and understanding of the various aspects of family violence has produced a wealth of empirical data, as well as deep and intensive controversies about those data and their meaning. The topic of this chapter is family violence, but there really is no unified field of study or practice that falls neatly under that term. Family violence is only rarely viewed as a holistic problem.
Power Sharing
Authors: Keating Elizabeth 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
What allows certain individuals and groups to maintain control over the actions and lives of others? Linguistic anthropologist Elizabeth Keating went to the island of Pohnpei, in Micronesia, and studied how people use language and other semiotic codes to reproduce and manipulate status differences. The result is this inside view of how language works to create power and social inequality. This book challenges widely held theories on the nature of social stratification, including women’s roles in creating hierarchy.
Physiological Responses to Hypoglycemia
Authors: Cryer Philip E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Falling plasma glucose concentrations trigger a characteristic series of responses: decreased insulin secretion, increased glucose counter regulatory hormone secretion and autonomic neural activation, a variety of symptoms and signs, and impairment of cognitive functions (Cryer, 1993). The sequential glycemic thresholds for these responses have been quantitated (Schwartz et al., 1987; Mitrakou et al., 1991; Fanelli et al., 1994). Lower plasma glucose concentrations can cause a seizure, loss of consciousness, or both.
Approach to the Patient with Hypoglycemia
Authors: Cryer Philip E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The prevention or rapid correction of hypoglycemia is critical to survival of the brain, and thus the individual (Chapter 1). It requires the appropriate glucoregulatory signals, an enzymatically and structurally intact liver, and an adequate supply of gluconeogenic substrates (Chapters 2 through 5). Decrements in insulin, increments in glucagon, and, in the absence of the latter, increments in epinephrine stand high in the hierarchy of redundant glucose counterregulatory signals (Chapter 5).
Cardiovascular Effects of Cigarette Smoke and Snuff
Authors: Wennmalm Ake 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Nicotine has a variety of effects on the cardiovascular system.’ Most, but not all, of these effects are based on increased sympathetic activity. Nicotine may facilitate sympathoadrenal activity by coupling to central cholinergic receptors or to sympathetic ganglia or by enhancing transmitter release at a given sympathetic impulse rate. Which of these effects is most important in people who self-administer nicotine is not entirely clear.
The Impact of Fetal Nicotine Exposure on Nervous System Development and Its Role in Sudden Infant Death Syndrome
Authors: Slotkin Theodore A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The adverse effects of tobacco on the offspring of women smokers have a long history. In addition to fetal and infant mortality, the most notable ones associated with nicotine are increased learning disabilities and attention deficit and hyperactivity disorders-even when birth weight is normal-because nicotine targets the brain.
Summary: Risks and Benefits of Nicotine
Authors: Benowitz Neal L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
General considerations Before considering specific disease conditions, it is essential to understand that the safety of nicotine depends very much on the dose, pattern, and duration of exposure (see Chapter 2) There are many data on the safety and toxicity of nicotine products administered for several months to aid smoking cessation, showing that the risks of such therapy are minimal. The risk of long-term therapy, such as might be entertained if treating chronic medical conditions, is as yet unknown.
The Plain English Approach to Business Writing
Authors: Bailey Edward P 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In offices across America, the Masters of Gobbledygook are hard at work. They're bombarding in-boxes with those long, confusing memos that colleagues don't have the patience to read--and bosses don't have the time to rewrite. They use words like "commence" or "prior to" instead of "begin" or "before." They bury their main point somewhere in the last paragraph--and take two pages to get there. Everybody knows one of them; in fact, you may even be one of them. But now there's help for anyone who's ever fallen prey to businessese, academese, legalese, or any other "ese" when faced with a blank memo pad. In The Plain English Approach to Business Writing, Edward Bailey--who spent twenty years working in the bastions of bureaucratese--offers readers a powerful new communications tool. Written for busy professionals who want to improve the quality and clarity of their own (or their staff's) writing style, this no-nonsense guide is an indispensable office companion. Bailey's approach is surprisingly straightforward: just write as you would talk. Plain English is not only easier to read; it's also easier to write. And it's so effective that many large organizations are endorsing, if not demanding, its use in the work place. Pithy and entertaining, Bailey points out all the dos and don'ts of plain English. He then illustrates them with examples drawn from a wide array of sources, including business documents, technical manuals, trade publications like Consumer Reports, and the works of writers such as Russell Baker and John D. MacDonald. From the basics to the fine tuning, he offers practical advice on clarity and precision, organization, layout, and a host of other important writing topics. A delightful, down-to-earth guide, The Plain English Approach to Business Writing is for professionals of all backgrounds (government, military, legal, financial, technical, corporate) and staff at all levels (from the company CEO to the ambitious secretary). The Plain English Approach to Business Writing can be read in an hour--and used for the rest of one's life.
The Idea of Human Rights
Authors: Perry Michael J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Of all the influential--indeed, formative--moral ideas to occupy centre stage in the twentieth century, the notion of human rights is for many the most difficult. Inspired by a 1988 trip to El Salvador, Michael Perry’s new book explores this idea in full. His typically lucid exposition of this complex issue (one so rich in social, political, and philosophical implications, especially at the international level) is rooted in the recognition that every human being is sacred, “inviolable,” has “inherent dignity” and worth, and is an end to himself. Therefore, in Perry’s view, the concept of human rights is inescapably religious. But are human rights universal? And are they absolute? The latest thinking from one of our nation’s leading authorities on morality, politics, and religion, The Idea of Human Rights: Four Inquiries addresses these questions adroitly. The legal and moral dimensions of “rights” rhetoric itself--such as its meanings and functions--are also carefully considered.
Transplantation? A Comparison of Japanese Television Assembly Plants in Japan and the United States
Authors: Kenney Martin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The transfer and/or adoption of the Japanese management system in the United States has drawn much attention during the last fifteen years (Abo et al., 1994; Kenney and Florida, 1993 Womack et al., 1990). Global competition and Japanese success in several industries have captured the attention of politicians, businessmen, and scholars alike. The Japanese story has successfully motivated a dramatic rethinking of the nature of production management (see, for example, Adler 1993; Dertouzos et al. 1989).
Using Expatriate Supervisors to Promote Cross-Border Management Practice Transfer: The Experience of a Japanese Electronics Company
Authors: Peterson Mark F , Peng T K , Smith Peter B 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Japanese electronics companies that opened production facilities in the United States during the 1980s faced the same kinds of intercultural challenges in managing a foreign workforce that are common to all multinational corporations (MNCs). As several chapters in the present volume indicate, many MNCs have found these intercultural challenges to be an integral part of transferring advanced manufacturing practices. For example, Nakamura, Sakakibara, and Schroeder (chapter 11, this volume) effectively argue that the fluidity of the U.S. labor market may jeopardize the returns on investment in human capital in the United States that Japanese companies have come to expect at home. We describe here the complementary risks of investing in expatriate supervisors. In the present chapter, we illustrate these risks by analyzing the role that expatriate supervisors played in one such Japanese company.
Work System Innovation among Japanese Transplants in the United States
Authors: Jenkins Davis , Florida Richard 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In 1972, Sony opened a television plant in San Diego, ushering in an era of expanding investment by Japanese companies in U.S. manufacturing operations, or what are often referred to as the “transplants.” The amount of new investment by Japanese companies in U.S.-based manufacturing transplants reached flood proportions in the mid-1980s, peaking in 1989 at around $9 billion. During the early 1990s, Japanese direct investment in U.S. manufacturing declined precipitously in line with the overall decline in foreign direct investment in the United States that accompanied recessions in the United States, Europe and Japan. Since then, such investment has rebounded somewhat, especially as Japanese companies have expanded production in existing facilities. It is not likely to return to the heady levels of the 1980s any time soon, however, in part because Japanese firms are now directing an increasing share of their foreign investment to Asia (Ministry of Finance, 1995).
The Lost World of Classical Legal Thought
Authors: Wiecek William M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This book examines the ideology of elite lawyers and judges from the Gilded Age through the New Deal. Between 1866 and 1937, a coherent outlook shaped the way the American bar understood the sources of law, the role of the courts, and the relationship between law and the larger society. Here, William M. Wiecek explores this outlook--often called “legal orthodoxy” or “classical legal thought”--which assumed that law was apolitical, determinate, objective, and neutral. American classical legal thought was forged in the heat of the social crises that punctuated the late nineteenth century. Fearing labor unions, immigrants, and working people generally, several American elites, including those on the bench and bar, sought ways to repress disorder and prevent political majorities from using democratic processes to redistribute wealth and power. Classical legal thought provided a rationale that assured the legitimacy of an extant distribution of society’s resources. It enabled the legal suppression of unions and the subordination of workers to management’s authority. As the twentieth-century US economy grew in complexity, the anti-regulatory, individualistic bias of classical legal thought became more and more distanced from reality. Brittle and dogmatic, legal ideology lost legitimacy in the eyes of both laypeople and ever-larger segments of the bar. It was at last abandoned in the “constitutional revolution of 1937”, but nothing has arisen since to replace it as an explanation of what law is and why courts have such broad power in a democratic society.