bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘Moses ‘: Wittgenstein on Names
Authors: Schulte Joachim 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the first volume of their commentary on Wittgenstein ‘s Philosophical Investigations Gordon Baker and Peter Hacker give ample space to discussions of Wittgenstein ‘s views on names. In various parts of their commentary they review a number of manuscript passages foreshadowing, or contrasting with, Wittgenstein ‘s later remarks on this topic as printed in the Investigations. Clearly, the most important and, perhaps, most controversial of these remarks is PI, 79, which centres on the biblical name ‘Moses ‘. In this essay I shall rely on the same sort of manuscript material to tell part of the story of Wittgenstein ‘s ‘Moses ‘ remark in my own way — often in agreement with Baker ‘s and Hacker ‘s findings, but sometimes emphasizing different aspects of Wittgenstein ‘s thought. There is one point, however, regarding which Baker and Hacker take issue with Wittgenstein ‘s account of the matter where I for my part feel that Wittgenstein ‘s approach can be seen in a more favourable light. Baker and Hacker write as follows: Wittgenstein seems to be committed to a similarly implausible view [as Frege], since on his account each John Smith will have a name with a different fluctuating and indeterminate meaning. [...] It is not necessary to assume that names have meanings that determine their reference. Traditional accounts of their meaning have unwelcome consequences. So we can now jettison the three dogmas that names have meaning (in the preferred sense), that explaining who N is, is explaining the meaning of ‘N ‘, and therefore that names are typically polysemic. If we jettison the assumption that names have meanings that identify their bearer, then there can be no such thing as explaining their meaning.
Cognitive Scientism
Authors: Kenny Anthony 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Once upon a time it was easy to classify propositions. There were analytic propositions, true in virtue of their meaning, and there were synthetic propositions that contained information about the world. All analytic propositions were known a priori; empirical propositions, known a posteriori, were all synthetic. Out of respect for Kant philosophers would inquire whether any propositions were synthetic a priori, but commonly the question was raised only to be answered in the negative. In the latter part of the twentieth century the tidy dichotomy — analytic a priori vs synthetic a posteriori— came under attack from two opposite directions. In 1951 Quine ‘s ‘Two Dogmas of Empiricism ‘ sought to undermine the analytic/synthetic distinction, replacing it with a continuum of propositions of varying degrees of entrenchment in the web of our beliefs. In 1969 there appeared Wittgenstein ‘s On Certainty, which drew attention to an important class of propositions which appeared to be neither analytic nor empirical. Instead of two packages of propositions, we were offered either a single package or three packages. Quine denied that analyticity could be defined in terms of synonymy or necessity, and he rejected the idea that a sentence was synthetic if it could be verified or falsified by experience. It is not single sentences, he argued, but whole systems— which include mathematics and logic as well as geography and history — that are verified or falsified. ‘Our statements about the external world face the tribunal of sense experience not individually but only as a corporate body A conflict with experience at the periphery occasions readjustments in the interior of the field.
Knowing How To and Knowing That
Authors: Wiggins David 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Gilbert Ryle maintained that knowing how [to V] and knowing that [p] were distinct, not the same thing. The first was not reducible to the second. They represented different aspects or powers of mind. It was a long-standing, deep-seated, intellectualist mistake to assimilate them, he said. In the last decade, relatively few philosophers have taken Ryle ‘s part, but I shall. Some who doubt Ryle ‘s contention are impressed by the point that there are cases where knowing some ordinary fact appears to be all that is needed in order to put one into a position to do something. (I shall say something about that towards the end.) Others argue that knowing how to V is always a matter of knowing the way to V, where knowing the way to V is knowing propositionally that such and such is that way. Against both kinds of critic, I shall argue that the Rylean contention is simply correct.
Fusing the Images: Nachruf for Wilfrid Sellars
Authors: Rosenberg Jay F 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
With the death of Wilfrid Sellars at age 77 in July 1989, we have lost one of the great creative, synthetic, and systematic philosophical talents of our century. His published scholarly work, a corpus including three independent books but dominated by well over one hundred substantial essays, has helped to set and shape the Anglo-American philosophical agenda over a period of forty years and has earned him worldwide recognition and justified acclaim as one of the most consequential and, indeed, definitive figures of postwar Western philosophy.
Linguistic Roles and Proper Names
Authors: Rosenberg Jay F 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Sellars’ philosophy forms an extraordinarily complex and thoroughly interconnected systematic unity. If only tangentially, it touches every major concern of the philosophical community. On some of these concerns, Sellars has both thought long and written extensively; on others, while he has thought no less long, much of what he has to say he has so far said largely by implication. In this essay, I want to address a theme from the second group. Specifically, I want to try to develop an appropriately Sellarsian understanding of proper names, to locate and assess their place in the broader context of his semantic theories.
Ryleans and Outlookers: Wilfrid Sellars on “Mental States”
Authors: Rosenberg Jay F 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Wilfrid Sellars’ well-known “Myth of Jones”, in his classic essay “Empiricism and the Philosophy of Mind”,¹ is almost universally cited as the original source of the proposal that such “mental states” as beliefs, desires, intentions, and other “propositional attitudes” should be conceived of on the model of posited theoretical entities. That proposal, in turn, is the key- stone of something often called the “theory” theory (henceforth, for simplicity, “the T-theory”), although it is frequently not terribly clear just what the commitments of that theory are supposed to be.³
The Place of Color in the Scheme of Things: A Roadmap to Sellars’ Carus Lectures
Authors: Rosenberg Jay F 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Sellars’ views on the Myth of the Given and the ontological status of secondary qualities, one would have thought, are well-known, even if not always well- understood. One would not have expected his Carus Lectures, then, to offer anything radically new and exciting. The ground that they cover is, after all, familiar— from “Empiricism and the Philosophy of Mind” (1956), from “Philosophy and the Scientific Image of Man” (1962), from “The Identity Approach to the Mind-Body Problem” (1965), and from the ensuing debates with Cornman (“Science, Sense Impressions, and Sensa: A Reply to Cornman”, 1971) and with Firth (“Givenness and Explanatory Coherence”, 1973). One would not really have anticipated many surprises. But one would have been wrong.
Sellarsian Seeing: In Search of Perceptual Authority
Authors: Rosenberg Jay F 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this essay, I propose to insert myself into an ongoing dispute between John McDowell and Robert Brandom regarding the relationship between perceptual experience and epistemic justification.¹ Each is reacting in his own way to a well- known account offered by Sellars in “Empiricism and the Philosophy of Mind” [EPM], and each offers a critical alternative to it. I want to suggest that neither Brandom’s nor McDowell’s alternative is ultimately satisfactory— Brandom’s for some of the reasons that likely motivated Sellars to reject a reliabilist externalism, and McDowell’s for some of the same reasons that Sellars brings critically to bear on classical foundationalist givenness.
Divergent Intuitions: McDowell’s Kant and Sellars’ Kant
Authors: Rosenberg Jay F 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
John McDowell’s Woodbridge Lectures constitute one of those remarkable documents that illustrate how serious philosophy draws on its own history. McDowell’s primary aim is to contrast his own account of intentionality— of “how thought and language are directed toward the world” (HWV, 471)— with one that he finds more or less explicitly framed and defended by Wilfrid Sellars, originally and influentially in “Empiricism and the Philosophy of Mind”. This is not the first time that McDowell has attempted to articulate his differences with Sellars.
Diagram (tu) and Text (wen) Mapping the Chinese World
Authors: Schmidt-Glintzer Helwig 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Human beings have always imagined their environment, thereby creating ‘mental maps.’ Even before knowing how to write, they drew maps in order to come to terms with, and to take control over, the spatial dimension of their livelihood. An important aspect of this spatial dimension constituted communication with deities and ancestors of the netherworld. In ancient China religious experts took charge of this particular aspect. Moreover, as in many other cultures, conceptualizations of the cosmos were part and parcel of cosmogonic myths. In the course of a long-term rationalization process we find that pacing the cosmos became the king’s prerequisite and, in later times, even that of members of the elite.
Image and Empire The Shaping of Augustan Rome
Authors: Schneider Rolf Michael 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Imperial Rome is an archetype of empire—and this for many reasons. The shaping of imperial Rome owes a considerable debt to cultures which achieved exceptional standards in political and intellectual life as well as in the visual, written, and technical domain. This is particularly manifest in the Roman reception of non-Italian cultures, such as Classical Greece, the kingdoms of the Hellenistic East, and the realm of Carthage in the West. Equally, Rome’s multi-ethnic empire was based on a variety of ‘Roman’ factors such as a dominant military, a worldwide economy, and a flexible religious, cultural, and social policy combined with efficient infrastructure and global imagery. I focus on the imagery, which I regard as one of Rome’s most influential instruments for consolidating her empire. Concentrating on the relation of image and empire I am interested in the making, function, and perception of Rome’s imperial imagery—and its role in social communication. The best documented starting point for such an analysis is the reign of Augustus, Rome’s Wrst emperor (27 bc–ad 14). During his regime Rome and her empire were fundamentally remodeled. In and for the process of this remodeling images of all kinds and in all contexts played a crucial part. I start with the new images of Rome’s Augustan landscape, continue with the new images of Augustus, and finish with the new images of the oriental as Rome’s most important cultural Other.
Imperial Aura and the Image of the Other in Han Art
Authors: Pirazzoli-t’Serstevens Michele 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Before trying to explore how notions such as the imperial aura and the image of the Other are expressed in Han art, I would like to recall the limits of our documentation, which explain the difficulty I often have had in illustrating my subject. The cities and palaces of the Qin and the Han, built mostly of earth (mainly rammed earth), sometimes faced with decorated bricks, and of wood, have left few evocative vestiges. We possess fragments of city walls and gates, foundations and floors, of decorated partition walls, eaves tile ends, drainage elements, models of houses destined to accompany the dead, representations on the walls of tombs, and finally, descriptions, sometimes extravagant but often imprecise, found in the texts of this period. The situation is therefore totally different from that of the urbanism of the Roman Empire.
The Impact of the Empire’s Crises on Historiography and Historical Thinking in Late Antiquity
Authors: Gärtner Hans Armin , Min Ye 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Originally the Greek word is to be understood in the terms of the Greek medical writers as the span of time, the critical days, in which serious diseases combined with high fever take a turn for the better or worse. One speaks of crises of the Imperium Romanum—with a reduction of the meaning—as of periods, in which the decline, if not the downfall of the empire was to be feared. Our interest is directed to the interpretations of feared crises, real or not, in literature. These interpretations inform us about the thoughts of the authors, which values of the Roman Empire they saw endangered, which corrections they recommended, and which prognoses they made. It is a postulation of consequence to relate also the testimonies of political thoughts in times of the empire’s consolidation. There are correlations and alterations
Before and below ‘theory of mind’: embodied simulation and the neural correlates of social cognition
Authors: Gallese Vittorio 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The automatic translation of folk psychology into newly formed brain modules specifically dedicated to mind-reading and other social cognitive abilities should be carefully scrutinized. Searching for the brain location of intentions, beliefs and desires—as such—might not be the best epistemic strategy to disclose what social cognition really is. The results of neurocognitive research suggest that in the brain of primates, mirror neurons, and more generally the premotor system, play a major role in several aspects of social cognition, from action and intention understanding to language processing. This evidence is presented and discussed within the theoretical frame of an embodied simulation account of social cognition.
Troubles in Babylon and Retribution in Susa
Authors: Dalley Stephanie 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
During the eighth to sixth centuries bc the scribes who composed historical records for their royal patrons shaped certain current events into a formulaic sequence, beginning with catastrophe and ending with restoration, or beginning with outrage and ending with retribution. In such sequences particular gods played a leading role by coming to earth in order to act on the king’s behalf. The time-span might cover more than one generation, allowing interpretations to change. Such shifts are especially well documented in Assyrian records relating to the sack of Babylon. These events led to the sack of Susa and its portrayal as Ishtar’s revenge.
Dissemination in Palestine and Egypt
Authors: Dalley Stephanie 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Sennacherib, his forceful and long-lived queen Naqia, their son, and their grandson, all played a part in the invasion and occupation of Egypt. The impact on Palestine was enormous, for the campaigns involved Judaeans, Israelites, Philistines, and Arabs, among others, in co-operation with Assyria. Some Aramaic stories based on these events have survived from Egypt, none of them anti-Assyrian. Although it is often assumed that Assyrian domination was universally detested, a new look at the evidence modifies that assumption. It points to a particular line of transmission through which a story based on Assyrian deeds may have evolved into the Hebrew tale of Esther, because it was of great interest to those Hebrews already living in Assyria, to those living in Palestine, and to those who served as soldiers in Egypt.
Shakespeare and Text
Authors: Jowett John 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
OXFORD SHAKESPEARE TOPICS General Editors: Peter Holland and Stanley Wells Oxford Shakespeare Topics provide students and teachers with short books on important aspects of Shakespeare criticism and scholarship. Each book is written by an authority in its field, and combines accessible style with original discussion of its subject. Shakespeare and Text is an indispensable and unique guide to its topic. It takes Shakespeare readers to the very foundation of his work, explaining how his plays first took shape in the theatre where writing was part of a larger collective enterprise. As the resulting manuscripts are virtually all lost, the account then turns to the early modern printing industry that produced the earliest surviving texts of Shakespeare's plays. It describes the roles of publisher and printer, the controls exerted through the Stationers' Company, and the technology of printing. A chapter is devoted to the book that gathered Shakespeare's plays together for the first time, the First Folio of 1623. Shakespeare and Text goes on to survey the major developments in textual studies over the past century. It builds on the recent upsurge of interest in textual theory, and deals with issues such as collaboration, the instability of the text, the relationship between theatre culture and print culture, and the book as a material object. Later chapters examine the current critical edition, explaining the procedures that transform early texts in to a very different cultural artefact, the edition in which we regularly encounter Shakespeare.
Author and Collaborator
Authors: Jowett John 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
If today one speaks of a literary author, Shakespeare will seem to offer a good instance of such a figure, perhaps the pre-eminent one. The engraved portrait first published in the First Folio of 1623 has iconic status and is widely recognized. Shakespeare is taught in schools; he has been widely read. The term ‘complete works’ will be more readily associated with Shakespeare than any other writer. He is the prime example of the literary genius, and of the writer who combines literary longevity with worldwide recognition. The study of Shakespeare demands a historical adjustment to take into account four centuries of change, yet he is often thought to transcend the passage of time. He is deeply established in literary culture. At the same time, he retains a reputation for speaking to us, here and now, movingly, deeply, and sometimes challengingly about matters that concern us.
Trust
Authors: Kohn Marek 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Trust - our belief in the truth or reliability of someone or something - lies at the very heart of our relationships, our society and our everyday lives. Much of the time we take it for granted. And yet trust, or the lack of it, is becoming an increasingly prominent issue in public life: politicians say they want to rebuild trust in politics; people look for new ways to trust each other in a world where relationships are easier to start and harder than ever to sustain; and we are no longer sure how much we trust experts on issues like the safety of food or medicine. This short but thought-provoking book reveals why scientists, social scientists, and philosophers no longer take trust for granted. Beginning with some fascinating biological puzzles about the origins of trust -- how cooperation can evolve from ‘selfish genes’, and how language could have evolved when ‘words are cheap’ and we have such a capacity to deceive each other - Marek Kohn explores many different perspectives from the fields of science, sociology, economics, and politics, to draw out the wider implications for trust in human society today. The book ends on a personal note, concluding that our material prosperity is not matched by the quality of our lives and relationships, but that, if we understand what makes trust possible, and why it matters, then we will live better lives in a fast-moving, fast-changing, globalized society.
History of Universities
Authors: Young Spencer E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Volume XXII/1 of History of Universities contains the customary mix of learned articles, book reviews, conference reports, and bibliographical information, which makes this publication such an indispensable tool for the historian of higher education. Its contributions range widely geographically, chronologically, and in subject-matter. The volume is, as always, a lively combination of original research and invaluable reference material.
Paratus sum sententiam mutare: The Influence of Cartesian Philosophy at Basle
Authors: Rother Wolfgang 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Renaissance critique of the scholastic curriculum led, in the sphere of philosophy, to a rediscovery of its sources and relieved the Princeps Philosophorum of the scholastic ballast gathered throughout the Middle Ages. Subsequently, there was a multiplication of Aristotle studies and Aristotle editions – with the consequence of a new Aristotelian scholastic to be noticed particularly at Protestant universities. A first wave of turning away from Aristotle was marked by Petrus Ramus, who was very influential at the universities in the Calvinistic territories far into the seventeenth century. Finally, this turning away from Aristotle was completed by a turning towards Cartesian philosophy, which fell on fertile ground especially where Ramism was already introduced as an alternative to Aristotelianism and was thus easily introduced into courses of philosophy. But those processes of detachment did not run linearly; alternatives did not exclude themselves a priori. Thus at many seventeenthcentury Protestant universities, there were eclectic hybrids such as Aristoteleo-Ramism, Aristoteleo-Cartesianism as well as RameoCartesianism – and these hybrids not only succeeded one another but also existed sometimes simultaneously.
Hoffmann and Stahl. Documents and Reflections on the Dispute
Authors: De Ceglia Francesco Paolo 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Friedrich Hoffmann (1660–1742) and Georg Ernst Stahl (1659–1734), both physicians and experts in experimental sciences, were amongst other things, authors of two of the most famous and controversial medical systems of the first half of the eighteenth century. After a youthful flirtation with iatrochemistry, Hoffmann embraced an articulate doctrine of iatromechanics. In this he was influenced by Robert Boyle (1627–91), whom he knew personally. Stahl, on the other hand, remained a staunch upholder of animism all his life, the doctrine of which he had already clearly expounded while still a student at Jena. Both professors at the Alma Regia et Electorali Academia Fridericiana in Halle – the former primarius, the latter secundarius – they were divided by intellectual divergences. Yet there is something paradoxical about the dispute in which they were involved. Though recorded in important works on the history of medicine, it has nevertheless taken on something of the guise of a historiographical mystery: a belief that most scholars cherish but are unable to detail or substantiate with documentary evidence.
Can (modern) poets do classical drama? The case of Ted Hughes
Authors: Hardwick Lorna 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This is one of the most contentious questions that have been raised in recent discussion of modern adaptations of classical plays and it has been intensified in the critical reception of the work of poet/ dramatists such as Seamus Heaney, Tony Harrison, and Ted Hughes. Analysis of this type of critical comment reveals some crucial issues about the basic requirements of translating and adapting ancient drama for and to the modern stage. These include the creation of a text that can not only be spoken aloud but also physically communicated in a modern acting space which is likely to be indoors, artiffcially lit, and accommodating anything from thirty to several hundred spectators.