bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estrogen modulates synaptic N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptor subunit distribution in the aged hippocampus
Authors: Adams Michelle M. , Fink Susan E. , Janssen William G.M. , Shah Ravi A. , Morrison John H. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractEstrogen interacts with N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate (NMDA) receptors to regulate multiple aspects of morphological and functional plasticity. In hippocampus, estrogen increases both dendritic spine density and synapse number, and NMDA antagonists block these effects. Thus, estrogen‐mediated hippocampal plasticity may be of particular importance in the context of age‐related changes in endocrine status and cognitive performance. NR1 levels per synapse are increased in CA1 by estrogen in aged rats but not young rats, although no information is available on estrogen‐induced synaptic alterations in other NMDA receptor subunits that might impact function. Therefore, the present study was designed to investigate the effect of estrogen on the synaptic and subsynaptic distributions of the NMDA receptor subunits, NR2A and NR2B in CA1 pyramidal cells, within the context of aging. Our results demonstrated that the overall synaptic levels of NR2A and NR2B are similar in young and aged female rats, regardless of estrogen treatment. However, in the aged CA1, estrogen restores NR2B levels back to young levels in the lateral portions of the active synaptic zone. Thus, estrogen may impact the mobility of NMDA receptors across the synapse and, in the process, restore a more youthful synaptic profile. These findings have important implications for the mechanism of estrogen‐induced alterations in NMDA receptor‐mediated processes, particularly in the context of aging. J. Comp. Neurol. 474:419–426, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expression of VIP and/or PACAP receptor mRNA in peptide synthesizing cells within the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the rat and in its efferent target sites
Authors: Kalamatianos Theodosis , Kalló Imre , Piggins Hugh D. , Coen Clive W. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractThe suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) contains the predominant circadian pacemaker in mammals. Considerable evidence indicates that VPAC2 and PAC1, receptors for vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and pituitary adenylate cyclase‐activating peptide (PACAP), play critical roles in maintaining and entraining circadian rhythms. Retinal projections to the rat SCN contain PACAP and terminate mostly in the ventral SCN, the site of VIP neurons. The incidence of VPAC2 and PAC1 mRNAs within distinct neuronal populations of the rat SCN has been determined using double‐label in situ hybridization. VPAC2 mRNA was detected in almost all arginine‐vasopressin (AVP) neurons of the dorsomedial SCN and in 41% of the VIP neurons; somatostatin (SST) neurons, predominantly in dorsomedial and intermediate regions, showed a decreased incidence (23%). PAC1 mRNA was present in nearly half of the VIP and SST neurons (45% and 40%, respectively) and in one‐third of the AVP neurons (32%). Cells expressing VPAC2 mRNA also were detected in diencephalic areas that receive VIP‐immunoreactive SCN efferents, such as the peri‐suprachiasmatic region, lateral subparaventricular zone, parvocellular hypothalamic paraventricular subdivisions, dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus, and anterior thalamic paraventricular and paratenial nuclei. The extensive distribution of PAC1 mRNA within the SCN suggests that actions of PACAP are not restricted to the predominantly retinorecipient region. The presence of VPAC2 mRNA in nearly half the VIP neurons, in almost all the AVP neurons, and at sites receiving VIP‐immunoreactive SCN efferents suggests that the SCN VIP neurons are coupled and/or autoregulated and also influence the AVP‐containing dorsomedial SCN and distal sites via VPAC2. J. Comp. Neurol. 475:19–35, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Individual differences in the accuracy of autobiographical memory
Authors: Horselenberg Robert , Merckelbach Harald , Breukelen Gerard van , Wessel Ineke 
Published: May 2004

AbstractIn recent literature on ‘false memories’, autobiographical memory distortions are often linked to manipulations such as hypnosis or imagination. However, Barclay and Wellman (1986) demonstrated that such distortions might also occur more or less spontaneously. The current study sought to replicate this phenomenon. In addition, it examined whether certain personality traits, (i.e. fantasy proneness, dissociation, absorption, suggestibility and depression) might contribute to such spontaneous pseudo‐memories. Volunteers (N = 38) kept a diary of self‐selected, outstanding events for a 2‐week period. Six months later, they were unexpectedly given a recognition test consisting of original memories and several types of foils. Participants performed relatively well on the recognition task, although they had some difficulties differentiating original items from foil items. Curiously enough, fantasy proneness was related to superior recognition performance. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Obsessive beliefs and their relation to obsessive–compulsive symptoms
Authors: Faull Matthew , Joseph Stephen , Meaden Alan , Lawrence Tony 
Published: May 2004

AbstractRelationships between obsessive–compulsive symptoms and beliefs identified as relevant to obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) are investigated among university students and a small clinical sample. One hundred and fifty‐four participants completed measures of OCD‐related beliefs, OCD symptoms, and anxiety and depression symptoms. Results showed that belief domains were strongly interrelated and were not sufficiently separate to use individually in further analysis. The summed obsessive beliefs score was significantly correlated with all measured obsessional symptom subtypes, after controlling for anxiety and depression. Possible explanations and clinical implications of the results are discussed. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cognitive behaviour therapy for good and poor prognosis generalized anxiety disorder: a clinical effectiveness study
Authors: Durham Robert C. , Fisher Peter L. , Dow Michael G. T. , Sharp Donald , Power Kevin G. , Swan John S. , Morton R. Victor 
Published: May 2004

AbstractCognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) for generalized anxiety disorder produces variable results. It would be valuable to identify which patients respond well to brief CBT and whether increased intensity of therapy improves outcome for those with a poor prognosis. This clinical effectiveness study was designed to address these issues using a prognostic index developed from earlier research. Suitable patients were given five sessions of CBT if they had a good prognosis and either 9 or 15 sessions of CBT if they had a poor prognosis. There was no evidence that increasing the intensity of therapy for poor prognosis patients improved outcome and 60% remained cases at 6 month follow‐up. In contrast, only 12% of good prognosis patients remained cases at follow‐up despite receiving only brief therapy. Patient characteristics are a more powerful influence on outcome than the length of therapy. Prognostic indices may have an important place in routine clinical practice. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Exploratory analysis of quantitative histopathology of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia: Objectivity, reproducibility, malignancy‐associated changes, and human papillomavirus
Authors: Guillaud Martial , Cox Dennis , Adler‐Storthz Karen , Malpica Anais , Staerkel Gregg , Matisic Jasenka , Van Niekerk Dirk , Poulin Neal , Follen Michele , MacAulay Calum 
Published: May 2004

AbstractBackgroundBackground: As part of a project to evaluate emerging optical technologies for cervical neoplasia, our group is performing quantitative histopathological analyses of biopsy specimens from 1,190 patients. Objectives in the interim analysis are (a) quantitatively assessing progression of the neoplastic process of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN)/squamous intraepithelial lesions (SIL), (b) detecting malignancy‐associated changes (MACs), and (c) phenotypically measuring human papillomavirus (HPV) detected by DNA testing.MethodsThe diagnostic region of interest (ROI) from immediately adjacent sections were imaged, and the basal lamina and surface of the superficial layer were delimited. Nonoverlapping quantitatively stained nuclei were selected from 1,190 samples with histopathological characteristics of normal (929), koilocytosis (130), CIN 1 (40), CIN 2 (23), and CIN 3/carcinoma in situ (CIS) (68). A fully automatic procedure located and recorded the center of every nucleus in the region of interest (ROI). We used linear discriminant analysis to assess the changes between normal and CIN 3/CIS.ResultsScores computed from the cell‐by cell features and the clinical grade of CIN/SIL were highly correlated, as were those of the architectural features and the clinical grade of CIN/SIL. We found even higher correlations between a combination of cell‐by‐cell and architectural scores, and clinical grade. Using these scores, we found MACs in the normal biopsy specimens from patients with high‐grade CIN/SIL. Furthermore, the same scores correlated with the molecular detection of HPV.ConclusionsQuantitative histopathology can be used in large clinical trials as an objective and reproducible measure of CIN/SIL. Detectable phenotypic changes correlate well with CIN/SIL neoplastic progression. It can also be used to infer the presence of CIN/SIL (MACs) and molecular changes associated with increased risk of cancer development (high‐risk HPV). © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The High‐Intrinsic Diels−Alder Reactivity of (−)‐Galiellalactone; Generating Four Quaternary Carbon Centers under Mild Conditions
Authors: von Nussbaum Franz , Hanke Roman , Fahrig Thomas , Benet‐Buchholz Jordi 
Published: May 2004

AbstractThe Interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) responsive JAK/STAT pathway seems to be correlated with major diseases such as chronic inflammation, arteriosclerosis, liver fibrosis, Parkinson and Alzheimer disease. In order to take a look at (−)‐galiellalactone as a potential low‐molecular‐weight lead structure for non‐proteinogenic IL‐6 antagonists we carried out a microderivatization program that was aiming at bioactive congeners of the natural product and a preliminary structure‐activity relationship. During this effort, galiellalactone showed reactivity generally governed by convex‐concave face selectivity. O‐Acyl derivatives of galiellalactone turned out to be precursors of bis(dehydratogaliellalactone), a novel oligocyclic Diels−Alder product of complicated architecture. During this extraordinary Diels−Alder‐type conversion four quaternary carbon centers were generated at room temperature under mild conditions in a regio‐ and stereoselective fashion. The novel Diels−Alder transformation was used for a stereoselective hetero‐derivatization of the natural product leading to an aza congener of altered IL‐6 antagonistic activity in HepG2 hepatoma cells. The absolute (4S,5aR,7aR,7bS) configuration of natural (−)‐galiellalactone was confirmed by X‐ray crystallography with Cu‐Kα radiation. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
Analysis of the essential oil of Thymus eriocalyx from Iran
Authors: Kalvandi R. , Seﬁdkon F. , Atri M. , Mirza M. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractEssential oils isolated by hydrodistillation from the aerial parts of Thymus eriocalyx (Ronniger) Jalas, before ﬂowering and full ﬂowering stage, were analysed by a combination of capillary GC and GC–MS. Seventy components were identiﬁed, constituting approximately 92.5% of the oil. The main constituents of the essential oil were thymol (42.8% and 43.1%), linalool (11.1% and 4.0%), γ‐terpinene (6.0% and 6.3%), 1,8‐cineole (5.6% and 3.3%), borneol (3.4% and 4.9%) and α‐terpineol (1.8% and 7.1%) at before ﬂowering (10 days before bloom formation) and full ﬂowering stage, respectively. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The essential oil composition of anise hyssop grown in India
Authors: Mallavarapu G. R. , Kulkarni R. N. , Baskaran K. , Ramesh S. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractThe composition of the essential oil of anise hyssop [Agastache foeniculum (Pursh) Kuntze] plants grown at Bangalore (India) was investigated by GC and GC–MS. The essential oils obtained from hydrodistillation of aerial parts of plants harvested at two plant growth stages, at the end of the vegetative stage and at full bloom, were found to contain methyl chavicol (91.7% and 95.2%) and limonene (3.6% and 3.9%) as the major constituents. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Superheated water extraction of fragrance compounds from Rosa canina
Authors: Özel Mustafa. Z. , Clifford Anthony A. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractFloral oil of Rosa canina was isolated using superheated water extraction (SWE). The effects of different temperatures (50 °C, 100 °C and 150 °C) and pressures (25, 50 and 75 bar) on the recovery of fragrance compounds were investigated. The components of rose oil were removed from the aqueous extract by C18 solid phase extraction. Qualiﬁcation and quantiﬁcation were carried out by fast gas chromatography–time of ﬂight/mass spectroscopy (GC–TOF/MS) and gas chromatography–ﬂame ionization detection (GC–FID), respectively. SWE of rose petal oils shows a highest extraction efﬁciency at 100 °C, 2 ml/min ﬂow rate and 50 bar pressure for 2 h. The SWE‐based method is quicker, more environmentally friendly and more efﬁcient than the Soxhlet extraction method. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Score test for detecting linkage to complex traits in selected samples
Authors: Lebrec J. , Putter H. , Houwelingen J.C. van 
Published: May 2004

AbstractWe present a unified approach to selection and linkage analysis of selected samples, for both quantitative and dichotomous complex traits. It is based on the score test for the variance attributable to the trait locus and applies to general pedigrees. The method is equivalent to regressing excess IBD sharing on a function of the traits. It is shown that when population parameters for the trait are known, such inversion does not entail any loss of information. For dichotomous traits, pairs of pedigree members of different phenotypic nature (e.g., affected sib pairs and discordant sib pairs) can easily be combined as well as populations with different trait prevalences. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A Report on the 30th Symposium on Heteroatom Chemistry of the Chemical Society of Japan
Authors: Sugihara Yoshiaki , Ishii Akihiko , Nakayama Juzo 
Published: May 2004

AbstractThe 30th domestic Chemical Society of Japan Symposium on Heteroatom Chemistry was held at Kuroda Auditorium of Toyama University during the period of December 11–13, 2003, under the management of Prof. Toshiaki Yoshimura and Dr. Takayoshi Fujii. More than 250 chemists from various academic institutes and industries enjoyed 4 plenary lectures, 48 oral presentations, and 62 poster presentations. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 15:347–361, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20020
Phosphorus heterocycles from 2‐(2‐hydroxyphenyl)‐1H‐benzimidazole
Authors: Hernández‐Díaz Julio , Flores‐Parra Angelina , Contreras Rosalinda 
Published: May 2004

AbstractSixteen different P(III) and P(V) heterocycles derived from 2‐(2‐hydroxyphenyl)‐1H‐benzimidazole (1) are reported. In these heterocycles the phosphorus atom is part of a six‐membered unsaturated ring. They were mainly studied by multinuclear NMR. The X‐ray diffraction of 3,4‐ benzimidazole‐5,6‐benzo‐2‐dimethylamino‐2‐seleno‐ 1,3,2‐oxazaphosphorinane is reported. Phosphoranes derived from 1 and 3,5‐di‐tert‐butylcatechol, and bearing Cl, NMe2, or phenyl as substituent at phosphorus are presented. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 15:307–320, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20021
Informal payment for health care and the theory of ‘INXIT’
Authors: Gaal Peter , McKee Martin 
Published: May 2004

AbstractInformal payments are known to be widespread in the post‐communist health care systems of Central and Eastern Europe. However, their role and nature remains contentious, with the debate characterized by much polemic. This paper steps back from this debate to examine the theoretical basis for understanding the persistence of informal payments.The authors develop a cognitive behavioural model of informal payment, which draws on the theory of government failure and extends Hirschman's theory of ‘exit, voice, loyalty’, the behavioural responses to ‘decline in firms, organizations and states’. It is argued that informal payment represents another possible behavioural reaction: ‘inxit’, which becomes important when the channels of exit and voice are blocked.The theory is applied to explain informal payments in Hungary, but can be shown to be relevant to other countries facing similar issues. The paper examines the proposed policies to tackle informal payments, and on the basis of the theory of ‘inxit’ it advocates that solutions should contain an appropriate balance between exit and voice to optimize the chances of maintaining a good standard of public services. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sensitivity of myofibroblasts to H2O2‐mediated apoptosis and their antioxidant cell network
Authors: Larochelle Sébastien , Langlois Céline , Thibault Isabelle , Lopez‐Vallé Carlos A. , Roy Michel , Moulin Véronique 
Published: May 2004

AbstractDuring wound healing, the transition from granulation to scar tissue shows a decrease in myofibroblast cellularity. Previous results have correlated the disappearance of these cells with the induction of apoptotic cell death by some unknown stimuli. In contrast, hypertrophic scar appearance after wound healing is thought to be linked to a disorder of apoptotic function which induces myofibroblast persistence in granulation tissue. Oxidative stress being an important mediator of apoptosis, we have evaluated the apoptotic response of normal and pathological wound myofibroblasts (WMyo and HMyo respectively) in their interaction with two oxidative stress inducers: hydrogen peroxide, using a high concentration as a single dose, and sodium ascorbate which induced a continuous release of H2O2 at a low concentration. Our results showed that, according to the H2O2 treatment type, HMyo were more sensitive (after ascorbate treatment) or less sensitive (after H2O2 treatment) when compared to WMyo and Fb. We next assessed the presence of several molecules known to be involved in the antioxidant network protecting cells against H2O2 injury and found HMyo to have a higher level of activity of glutathione peroxidase and a lower level of activity of catalase than WMyo. These results can help explain the contradictory responses of myofibroblasts according to the oxidative stress treatment. This is the first study linking refractory oxidative stress mediated cell death to cellular phenotype in hypertrophic myofibroblasts, and indicates a pivotal role for the antioxidant enzyme system in this type of resistance. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Positive margins following surgical resection of breast carcinoma: Analysis of pathologic correlates
Authors: Miller Alexander R. , Brandao Guillermo , Prihoda Thomas J. , Hill Cheryl , Cruz Anatolio B. , Yeh I‐Tien 
Published: May 2004

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesHistologic margin positivity represents a significant source of adverse clinical outcome affecting breast conservation therapy for in situ or invasive malignancy. Elucidation of factors associated with positive margin status might clarify and improve local therapy strategies. In order to define our experience with margin positivity and to identify relevant pathologic criteria, we retrospectively analyzed the cases of 143 patients who underwent resections for carcinoma with intent of breast conservation between 1995 and 1999.MethodsHistologic features and indices of biologic aggressiveness were compared among tumors resected with positive versus negative margins in order to determine whether such markers could be used to anticipate outcome.ResultsTwenty‐eight pathologic specimens were identified to possess histologically positive margins. Twenty‐six patients underwent additional operative procedures. Of the 26 re‐excision specimens, 17 (65%) contained residual malignancy. Statistical analysis demonstrated that margin positivity correlated with in situ histology and with Her 2/neu positivity.ConclusionsThese data suggest certain pathologic factors that may portend difficulty in achieving negative resection margins in patients in whom breast conservation therapy is considered. J. Surg. Oncol. 2004;86:134–140. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Assessment of autonomic dysfunction in Parkinson's disease: The SCOPA‐AUT
Authors: Visser Martine , Marinus Johan , Stiggelbout Anne M. , Van Hilten Jacobus J. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractWe developed a questionnaire to assess autonomic symptoms in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and evaluated its reliability and validity. Based on the results of a postal survey in 46 PD patients, 21 multiple system atrophy patients, and 8 movement disorders specialists, items were included according to their frequency, burden, and clinical relevance. The questionnaire was evaluated in 140 PD patients and 100 controls, and test–retest reliability was established in a sample of 55 PD patients. The SCOPA‐AUT consists of 25 items assessing the following regions: gastrointestinal (7), urinary (6), cardiovascular (3), thermoregulatory (4), pupillomotor (1), and sexual (2 items for men and 2 items for women) dysfunction. Test–retest reliability was good. Autonomic problems increased significantly with increasing disease severity for all autonomic regions, except sexual dysfunction. We conclude that SCOPA‐AUT is a reliable and valid questionnaire that evaluates autonomic dysfunction in PD. © 2004 Movement Disorder Society
Abnormalities of dopaminergic neurotransmission in SCA2: A combined 123I‐βCIT and 123I‐IBZM SPECT study
Authors: Boesch Sylvia M. , Donnemiller Eveline , Müller Jörg , Seppi Klaus , Weirich‐Schwaiger Helga , Poewe Werner , Wenning Gregor K. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractExtrapyramidal features may occur in spinocerebellar ataxias consistent with neuropathological evidence of nigrostriatal involvement. Recently, striatal dopaminergic neurotransmission was found to be abnormal in the uncommon parkinsonian presentation of spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 (SCA2). We have investigated, therefore, striatal dopamine transporter and D2 receptor function in a series of 9 patients with the more common ataxic presentation of SCA2 using single photon emission computed tomography and β‐CIT as well as IBZM. Age‐matched healthy subjects and patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) served as controls. All except 1 SCA2 patient exhibited slowness of limb movements without rigidity or rest tremor. In addition, cervical dystonia was present in 5 and dystonic head tremor in 2 SCA2 patients. Striatocerebellar (S/C) ratios of β‐CIT binding were significantly reduced in SCA2 patients compared to control subjects, and they were within the range of PD patients. S/C ratios of IBZM binding were significantly reduced in SCA2 patients compared to control subjects. We conclude that dopaminergic neurotransmission is impaired in the ataxic presentation of SCA2, with a prominent loss of striatal dopamine transporter function. Both slowness of limb movements as well as dystonia in the ataxic SCA2 phenotype may reflect dysfunction not only at cerebellar but also at basal ganglia level. © 2004 Movement Disorder Society