bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fabrication of poly(α‐hydroxy acid) foam scaffolds using multiple solvent systems
Authors: Hu Yunhua , Grainger David W. , Winn Shelley R. , Hollinger Jeffrey O. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe present studies describe the fabrication and characterization of highly porous and interconnected poly(α‐hydroxy acid) foam scaffolds produced using a phase separation multisolvent system, followed by a sublimation process. Fabrication parameters, including solvent composition, polymer concentration, freezing temperature, polymer type, and polymer molecular weight, were optimized to produce the desired foam microstructure. Analyses of selected samples with scanning electron microscopic images and mercury intrusion porosimetry indicated polymer foams with pore size ranges of 100–350 μm, a porosity >90%, and an interconnecting open‐pore foam structure. Scaffold degradation profiles varied according to the type and molecular weight of the polymers. Cytocompatibility assays demonstrated that the preferred foam structures were nontoxic and osteoprecursor cells seeded into the scaffolds exhibited the ability to attach, propagate, and differentiate into a calcified structure. © 2001 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 59: 563–572, 2002
Heparin‐like polymer improved healing of gastric and colic ulceration
Authors: Meddahi Anne , Alexakis Catherine , Papy Dulce , Caruelle Jean‐Pierre , Barritault Denis 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA family of chemically substituted biopolymers has been developed to protect and stabilize heparin binding growth factors and was shown to enhance tissue repair in various in vivo models. One of these compounds, a dextran derivative named RGTA11, was tested for its ability to treat acute gastritis and colic ulceration models induced by ethanol and acid. RGTA was not efficient in reducing nor in protecting against gastric acidic secretion compared to EGF. Ethanol gastritis measured by the alteration score of the injured mucosa was reduced by 56% with the oral administration of RGTA at doses of 100 μg/kg (p < 0.01). A similar effect was obtained by PGE2 at a similar dose. Alterations of the colic mucosa were reduced after 72 h by 75% after oral administration of RGTA11. RGTA presents both anti‐inflammatory and tissue repair activities mediated by growth factor protection. These two properties would be beneficial for digestive ulcer treatment. The results presented here provide evidence for these effects. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 60: 497–501, 2002; DOI 10.1002/jbm.1293
Support vector machines for prediction of protein subcellular location by incorporating quasi‐sequence‐order effect
Authors: Cai Yu‐Dong , Liu Xiao‐Jun , Xu Xue‐biao , Chou Kuo‐Chen 
Published: August 2002

AbstractSupport Vector Machine (SVM), which is one class of learning machines, was applied to predict the subcellular location of proteins by incorporating the quasi‐sequence‐order effect (Chou [2000] Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 278:477–483). In this study, the proteins are classified into the following 12 groups: (1) chloroplast, (2) cytoplasm, (3) cytoskeleton, (4) endoplasmic reticulum, (5) extracellular, (6) Golgi apparatus, (7) lysosome, (8) mitochondria, (9) nucleus, (10) peroxisome, (11) plasma membrane, and (12) vacuole, which account for most organelles and subcellular compartments in an animal or plant cell. Examinations for self‐consistency and jackknife testing of the SVMs method were conducted for three sets consisting of 1,911, 2,044, and 2,191 proteins. The correct rates for self‐consistency and the jackknife test values achieved with these protein sets were 94 and 83% for 1,911 proteins, 92 and 78% for 2,044 proteins, and 89 and 75% for 2,191 proteins, respectively. Furthermore, tests for correct prediction rates were undertaken with three independent testing datasets containing 2,148 proteins, 2,417 proteins, and 2,494 proteins producing values of 84, 77, and 74%, respectively. J. Cell. Biochem. 84: 343–348, 2002. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Relaxin activates the MAP kinase pathway in human endometrial stromal cells
Authors: Zhang Qiang , Liu Shu‐Hui , Erikson Mark , Lewis Martyn , Unemori Elaine 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe reproductive hormone, relaxin, is structurally similar to insulin and insulin‐like growth factor (IGF). Although a number of cellular responses to relaxin have been described, intracellular signaling mechanisms that link relaxin receptor engagement to alterations in gene expression remain uncharacterized. In the present study, relaxin treatment of a well‐characterized target, human endometrial stromal cells, resulted in rapid activation of p42/44 mitogen‐activated protein (MAP) kinase, as well as of MAPK (or ERK) kinase (MEK). Using a selective chemical inhibitor of MEK, it was further demonstrated that MEK phosphorylation is critical for relaxin‐induced MAP kinase activation. Relaxin treatment also induced MAP kinase activation in THP‐1 monocytic cells and in human smooth muscle cells, indicating that it may be a major signaling transducer utilized by the relaxin receptor. In contrast to insulin or IGF‐1, relaxin did not trigger the PI 3‐kinase/Akt pathway, perhaps accounting in part for relaxin's unique biological profile. Relaxin was also found to cause activation of the transcription factor CREB, a substrate of the MAP kinase pathway. Finally, activation of the MAP kinase pathway was shown to be essential for optimal stimulation of expression of the gene for vascular endothelial growth factor. J. Cell. Biochem. 85: 536–544, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Human endothelial cells grow poorly on vitronectin: Role of PAI‐1
Authors: Underwood P. Anne , Bean Penny A. , Cubeddu Liza 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe cell adhesive protein vitronectin is a common component of interstitial extracellular matrix and circulates in plasma. It competes effectively with other plasma proteins to adsorb to certain biomaterial surfaces, and is likely to represent an important cell adhesion mediator on the luminal surface of vascular grafts. It is also found associated with certain vascular pathologies. We have shown previously that human endothelial cells grow poorly on a vitronectin surface compared with other extracellular matrix molecules. In this paper we show that endothelial cells seeded on vitronectin and fibronectin produced substantially different profiles of extracellular matrix molecules. The most outstanding difference was in the amount of matrix‐localised plasminogen activator‐inhibitor‐1 which was high on vitronectin and negligible on fibronectin. This was correlated with a small but significant inhibition of cell adhesion to vitronectin compared with fibronectin, and very significant interference with dissociation of cell: extracellular matrix contacts, resulting either from direct inhibition of the proteolytic activity of urokinase, or from interference with urokinase‐receptor signaling and consequent focal adhesion turnover. Such interference would inhibit cell proliferation by disabling the cells from loosening their matrix contacts in order to proceed through mitosis. This would seriously compromise endothelial recovery in cases of damage to the vascular wall and placement of stents or grafts, where the presence of surface‐adsorbed vitronectin is likely to modulate the tissue response. J. Cell. Biochem. 82: 98–109, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Inactivation of multiple targets by nitric oxide in CD95‐triggered apoptosis
Authors: Bernassola Francesca , Catani Maria Valeria , Corazzari Marco , Rossi Antonello , Melino Gerry 
Published: August 2002

AbstractNitric oxide (NO) plays an important anti‐apoptotic role by inactivating both upstream and downstream apoptotic molecules. We now report that exogenously supplied NO protected Jurkat T cells from anti‐CD95‐stimulated apoptosis. We have recently shown that nitrosation of the activator protein‐1 (AP‐1) transcriptional factor is crucial for NO‐mediated inhibition of cell death triggered by etoposide or ceramide. Since the inhibition of apoptosis by NO has been reported to involve AP‐1, we evaluated its involvement in in CD95‐mediated cell death. Cross‐linking of CD95 enhanced AP‐1 DNA binding activity and AP‐1‐dependent CD95L transactivation, which were both significantly reduced by different NO‐donors compounds. However, AP‐1 induction does not seem to significantly contribute to anti‐CD95‐triggered apoptosis, as cell death could not be prevented by using the recombinant Fas‐Fc fusion protein which inhibits the CD95/CD95L interaction. We observed that caspase 3‐like activity was negatively modulated by several NO‐donors in vitro and that titratable thiol groups of purified caspases 3, 7, and 9 decreased in the presence of NO‐releasing compounds. In conclusion, we demonstrated that NO‐mediated inhibition of other targets, possibly caspases, but not AP‐1, is a crucial event responsible for protection against anti‐CD95‐stimulated apoptosis. Even though NO affects multiple molecular mechanisms, the relevant target for exerting the cellular effects, may vary among different models. J. Cell. Biochem. 82: 123–133, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Parathyroid hormone (1–34) regulates integrin expression in vivo in rat osteoblasts
Authors: Kaiser Edelgard , Sato Masahiko , Onyia Jude E. , Chandrasekhar Srinivasan 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIntermittent administration of parathyroid hormone (PTH) activates new sites of bone formation by stimulating osteoblast differentiation and function resulting in an increase in bone mass. Because integrins have been shown to play a crucial role in osteoblast differentiation and bone formation, in the present study, we evaluated whether human PTH (1–34) upon administration to rats, influenced integrin expression in osteoblastic cells isolated from the metaphysis and the diaphysis of rat long bones. Initial immunohistochemical evaluation of bone sections demonstrated that the osteoblasts expressed at least αv, α2, α3, and α5β1 integrins. Immunocolocalization studies for integrins and vinculin established that αv, α2, and α5β1, but not α3 integrins were present in the focal adhesion sites of osteoblasts attached to FN coated surfaces. Osteoprogenitor cells isolated from metaphyseal (but not diaphyseal) marrow of rats injected with intermittent PTH (1–34) exhibited greater αv and reduced α2 levels, with no apparent changes in α3, and α5β1 integrin levels, as assessed by immunohistochemistry, Northern, and Western blot analyses. However, these changes were not observed on the same cells treated with PTH in vitro. These observations suggest that integrin modulation by PTH is likely to be indirect and that selective phenotypic expression of integrin subtypes is part of te cascade of events that lead to PTH (1–34) mediated osteoblast differentiation. J. Cell. Biochem. 83: 617–630, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Novel computer program for fast exact calculation of accessible and molecular surface areas and average surface curvature
Authors: Tsodikov Oleg V. , Record M. Thomas , Sergeev Yuri V. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractNew computer programs, SurfRace and FastSurf, perform fast calculations of the solvent accessible and molecular (solvent excluded) surface areas of macromolecules. Program SurfRace also calculates the areas of cavities inaccessible from the outside. We introduce the definition of average curvature of molecular surface and calculate average molecular surface curvatures for each atom in a structure. All surface area and curvature calculations are analytic and therefore yield exact values of these quantities. High calculation speed of this software is achieved primarily by avoiding computationally expensive mathematical procedures wherever possible and by efficient handling of surface data structures. The programs are written initially in the language C for PCs running Windows 2000/98/NT, but their code is portable to other platforms with only minor changes in input‐output procedures. The algorithm is robust and does not ignore either multiplicity or degeneracy of atomic overlaps. Fast, memory‐efficient and robust execution make this software attractive for applications both in computationally expensive energy minimization algorithms, such as docking or molecular dynamics simulations, and in stand‐alone surface area and curvature calculations. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 23: 600–609, 2002
Theoretical investigation of electron transfer transition in tetracyanoethylene‐contained organic complexes
Authors: Li Xiang‐Yuan , Hu Chun‐Xiu 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn this work, the authors use complete active space self‐consistent field method to investigate the photoinduced charge‐separated states and the electron transfer transition in complexes ethylene‐tetracyanoethylene and tetramethylethylene‐tetracyanoethylene. Geometries of isolated tetracyanoethylene, ethylene, and tetramethylethylene have been optimized. The ground state and the low‐lying excited states of ethylene and tetracyanoethylene have been optimized. The state energies in the gas phase have been obtained and compared with the experimentally observed values. The torsion barrier of tetracyanoethylene has been investigated through the state energy calculation at different conformations. Attention has been particularly paid to the charge‐separated states and the electron transfer transition of complexes. The stacked conformations of the donor–acceptor complexes have been chosen for the optimization of the ground and low‐lying excited states. Equilibrium solvation has been considered by means of conductor‐like screening model both in water and in dichloromethane. It has been found that the donor and tetracyanoethylene remain neutral in complexes in ground state 1A1 and in lowest triplet state 3B1, but charge separation appears in excited singlet state 1B1. Through the correction of nonequilibrium solvation energy based on the spherical cavity approximation, π→π* electron transfer transition energies have been obtained. Compared with the experimental measurements in dichloromethane, the theoretical results in the same solvent are found higher by about 0.5 eV. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 23: 874–886, 2002
Evaluation of urinary rapid test for Helicobacter pylori in general practice
Authors: Fujisawa Toru , Kaneko Taimei , Kumagai Toshiko , Akamatsu Taiji , Katsuyama Tsutomu , Kiyosawa Kendo , Tachikawa Tetsuya , Kosaka Osamu , Machikawa Fusaichi 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThere is increasing interest in noninvasive tests for the diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection. One such test, a urine‐based rapid test kit (RAPIRUN H. pylori Antibody, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.) for detection of antibody to H. pylori, has been developed and is considered ideal. In addition to its noninvasiveness and safe handling—due to use of urine as a sample—the assay procedure used for the urinary rapid test is very simple. Only 10–20 minutes are required to complete an assay, and no instruments are needed. The aim of this study was to examine the clinical usefulness of this urine‐based rapid test. A total of 189 patients, including 76 patients with gastroduodenal disease, were recruited. A pair of random single‐void urine and serum samples was collected from each of the 189 patients, and antibody to H. pylori in the urine and serum samples was measured using the urine‐based rapid test kit and three commercially available serum‐based ELISA kits. For the patients with gastroduodenal disease, invasive diagnostic methods using endoscopic biopsy specimens such as culture, histology, and rapid urease test were also performed. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of the urinary rapid test were evaluated on the basis of the three serum ELISA results or the invasive diagnostic results. In addition, various urinalyses were performed, and the effects of substances existing in urine on the urinary rapid test results were examined. Of the 189 patients, the urinary rapid test was positive for 110 (58.2%), negative for 78 (41.3%), and invalid for only one patient (0.5%). Based on the three serum‐based ELISA results, the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of the urinary rapid test were 93.7, 88.9, and 92.2%, respectively. On the basis of the biopsy‐based test results, the sensitivity of the urinary rapid test was 100% and its accuracy (95.2%) was equivalent or superior to that of each serum‐based ELISA. In addition, no significant differences were observed between groups positive and negative on urinary rapid testing in any urinalysis parameter examined. The novel urinary rapid test kit evaluated in this study enables simple, rapid, and accurate diagnosis of H. pylori infection, and is an ideal test method for point‐of‐care testing. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 15:154–159, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Tertullian's motto and Callahan's method
Authors: McNally Richard J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe purposes of this commentary are to provide a critique of Callahan's (this issue) article on Thought Field Therapy (TFT) and to discuss when our commitment to intellectual open‐mindedness requires that we attend to nontraditional treatment interventions in clinical psychology. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Clin Psychol 57: 1171–1174, 2001.
Heart rate variability does not tap putative efficacy of Thought Field Therapy
Authors: Kline John P. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractCallahan (2001) has offered a series of case reports in an effort to validate the rationale and methods of Thought Field Therapy (TFT). These case reports employ subjective ratings, that is, the Subjective Units of Distress (SUD) rating scale as well as a gross measure of heart rate variability (HRV). My criticisms center around (a) inappropriately strong inferences given exclusive reliance on case reports, a potentially biased sample, and lack of appropriate controls; (b) misinterpretation of statistical artifact as systematic effect; (c) lack of systematic evaluation of HRV changes; and (d) erroneous interpretation of HRV. Callahan's article provides no evidence for the efficacy of TFT nor does it provide evidence for the credibility of TFT's rationale. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Clin Psychol 57: 1187–1192, 2001.
Cadherins in neural crest cell development and transformation
Authors: Pla Patrick , Moore Robert , Morali Olivier G. , Grille Sylvia , Martinozzi Silvia , Delmas Véronique , Larue Lionel 
Published: August 2002

AbstractCadherins constitute a superfamily of cell adhesion molecules involved in cell‐cell interaction, histogenesis and cellular transformation. They have been implicated in the development of various lineages, including derivatives of the neural crest. Neural crest cells (NCC) emerge from the dorsal part of the neural tube after an epithelio‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) and migrate through the embryo. After homing and differentiation, NCC give rise to many cell types, such as neurons, Schwann cells and melanocytes. During these steps, the pattern of expression of the various cadherins studied is very dynamic. Cadherins also display plasticity of expression during the transformation of neural crest cell derivatives. Here, we review the pattern of expression and the role of the main cadherins involved in the development and transformation of neural crest cell derivatives. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Basic fibroblast growth factor modulates the expression of glycophorin A and c‐kit and inhibits erythroid differentiation in K562 cells
Authors: Burger Patricia E. , Lukey Pauline T. , Coetzee Sandra , Wilson E. Lynette 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBasic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) is produced by bone marrow stromal cells as well as by normal and leukemic hematopoietic cells. In this study, we examine the direct effects of bFGF on erythroid differentiation in K562 cells in order to determine whether bFGF can promote the expression of a primitive phenotype. Low levels of bFGF inhibited erythroid differentiation as evidenced by decreased expression of glycophorin A and increased expression of c‐kit. bFGF also increased both the numbers and the sizes of colonies of K562 cells in soft agar assays. The addition of TGF‐β to these cells induced erythroid differentiation which resulted in an increase in glycophorin A and a decrease in c‐kit. The simultaneous addition of bFGF and TGF‐β to K562 cells prevented both the TGF‐β‐mediated increase in glycophorin A expression and the decrease in c‐kit expression associated with erythroid differentiation. bFGF antagonised the TGF‐β‐mediated promotion of erythroid differentiation in K562 cells in a dose dependent manner and these two cytokines counteracted each other on an approximately molar basis. These results indicate that bFGF alone increases expression of c‐kit and promotes a primitive phenotype in K562 cells. In addition, bFGF counteracts the effects of differentiation‐inducing cytokines, such as TGF‐β, on hematopoietic cells. It is therefore possible that enhanced production of bFGF by leukemic cells could contribute to their neoplastic phenotype by opposing the effects of negative regulators or cytokines that induce differentiation. J. Cell. Physiol. 190: 83–91, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expression of matrix metalloproteinase‐2 and ‐9 and their inhibitors, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase‐1 and ‐2, in primary cultures of human prostatic stromal and epithelial cells*†
Authors: Wilson Michael J. , Sellers Robert G. , Wiehr Carol , Melamud Ori , Pei Duanqing , Peehl Donna M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe production of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) by prostatic epithelial and/or neighboring stromal cells is considered to be a property that gives cells the capability to penetrate extracellular matrix barriers in normal or neoplastic growth. In order to examine the role of MMPs in the prostate, we evaluated the expression of MMP‐2 and ‐9 and the tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases (TIMP)‐1 and ‐2 in primary cultures of prostatic stromal and epithelial cells. These cells were isolated from normal tissues of the different zones of the prostate, from benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and from cancer. Stromal cells, regardless of tissue of origin, secreted the 72‐kDa proenzyme form of MMP‐2, whereas conditioned media (CM) from epithelial cells demonstrated little/no pro‐MMP‐2 as examined by zymography. Either type of cell did not secrete MMP‐9. RT‐PCR evaluation showed stromal cells expressed transcripts for MMP‐2, but not for MMP‐9. Transcripts for MMP‐9 were detected in epithelial cells, although no MMP‐9 activity was detected in their CM. Treatment of stromal cells with 1 or 10 ng/ml of transforming growth factor‐beta (TGF‐β) moderately increased secretion of pro‐MMP‐2 protein with little change in MMP‐2 RNA. However, treatment of epithelial cells with TGF‐β induced expression and secretion of both MMP‐2 and ‐9. The effect of TGF‐β on expression of MMPs by epithelial cells was not duplicated or affected by treatment with insulin‐like growth factor (IGF)‐1, epidermal growth factor (EGF), platelet‐derived growth factor (PDGF), or basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF). Stromal cells expressed transcripts of both TIMP‐1 and ‐2. Epithelial cells expressed TIMP‐1, but little TIMP‐2. TGF‐β did not regulate the expression of TIMP‐1 or ‐2 in either stromal or epithelial cells. Our results suggest that the elevated levels of MMP‐2 and ‐9 observed in prostate development and cancer may be due to the elevated TGF‐β associated with these tissues. J. Cell. Physiol. 191: 208–216, 2002. Published 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.