bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative anatomical and neurohistological observations on the tongue of the marsupials
Authors: Kubota Kinziro , Kubota Junko , Fukuda Nobumasa , Asakura Shigeharu , Nakagawa Shiro , Masui Mitsuko 
Published: February 2005

AbstractMacroscopic and neurohistological observations of the red, gray and tree kangaroo and wombat's tongues are described. On the dorsum, three circumvallate papillae, foliate papillae (gland‐duct type), fungiform papillae and filiform papillae are observed. In the wombat, the vallate papillae are shaped like a “lotusnut.” Its summit is broadened, rough, and reaches the level of the dorsal surface. The papillae of the kangaroo are shaped like a “walnut” and are situated below the dorsal surface of the tongue. The vallate papilla is occupied with abundant nerves, thin non‐myelinated and thick myelinated fibers, and ganglion cells, multipolar and unipolar. In the upper area of the wombat's papilla, however, there is a demarcated thin layer of non‐innervated connective tissue. Therefore, taste buds are located in nearly the whole wall of the papilla in the kangaroo, but only in the lateral wall in the wombat, closely associated with the subgemmal nerve plexus. Foliate papillae of gland‐duct type, which connect with the serous glands, have many taste buds innervated with thin fibers from the periductal nerve plexus. Also in this region there are many ganglion cells. This gland‐duct type may be regarded as the primitive form of the common foliate and vallate papillae; i.e., foliate papillae may be developed from a linear gathering of its anlages, vallate ones from a circular gathering and bellshaped vallate form from an atypical type of the circular gathering. Taste buds may serve as a chemoreceptor for gland secretion in the tongue because their position does not exhibit any suitable form to receive the sense of taste. Richly innervated fungiform papillae contain a few taste buds, but poorly innervated ones have none in the upper epithelium. Filiform papillae are of a vascular nature. In the apical region of the tongue Vater‐Pacinian corpuscles of simple type are found.
Vascular networks from explants of human synovialis in vitro
Authors: Bailey J. P. , Cubberley J. B. , Stephens C. A. L. , Stanfield A. B. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractExplants of human synovialis obtained surgically were cultivated under dialysis membrane in the multipurpose Rose chamber and in Eagle's medium enriched with 20% pooled human cord sera. Within 24 hours monocytes and lymphocytic cells emerged from the majority of explants while spindle and stellate cells appeared later on the second and third days of culture. A monolayer of cells developed in which active mitosis was observed. Between 12 to 15 days, fingerlike projections of cells adjacent to the explants branched out between the cover glass and the monolayer of mesenchymelike growth and by the twenty‐fifth day had developed into anastomosing networks eventually ranging in length from 1.2 to 3.2 mm. Ciné and still phase photomicrographs decumented findings. Vascular networks developed in vitro in 85% of the total 80 Rose chambers examined over an average period of 58 days. Minute vessels, patent for only short distances, were lined with endothelial cells characterized by slender elongated nuclei and with two or three small nucleoli. In contrast, flanking fibroblasts were considerably larger with clear oval nuclei containing conspicuous nucleoli. Differential stains demonstrated reticular fibers and distinct bundles of collagen lying along the vessels, particularly in the area adjacent to the fragment. In the study of rheumatoid arthritis, where vascular lesions are known to occur, it is possible that such preparations may provide favorable test objects.
An electron microscope study of the rat endometrium during delayed implantation
Authors: Warren Robert H. , Enders Allen C. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe luminal and glandular epithelia of the rat uterus during delayed implantation have been studied with the electron microscope. The tall columnar cells of the luminal epithelium are characterized by a distinct zonation of organelles. On the free surface there are short microvilli and occasional cytoplasmic extrusions, with terminal bars joining adjacent cells at their apical margins. Beneath the free surface are numerous pinocytotic vesicles and mitochondria. Above the nucleus are a prominent Golgi apparatus with large dilated vacuoles, and numerous dense inclusion bodies. Large clusters of lipid droplets and aggregations of mitochondria occupy the basal zone of the cell.The apical portion of the gland cell has fewer pinocytotic vesicles and the Golgi is smaller than in the luminal epithelial cells. Dense bodies are numerous above the nucleus. The basal portion of the gland cell is devoid of lipid, but there are often one or more enlarged mitochondria. Although a dense PAS+ substance fills the lumina of the glands, there is no obvious evidence of secretory activity in the glands during delay.The relationships of the epithelia to the environment of the blastocysts during delay is discussed.
The chondrification of the human ilium
Authors: Laurenson R. D. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThis report on the early human ilium is based on the Streeter collection, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Department of Embryology, Baltimore. The five phases in chondrogenesis, described by Streeter for the humerus ('49) and the horizons (Streeter, '42) are used in the description of the changes observed in the ilium. From horizon XV (7–8 mm, 30–32 days) to horizon XVIII (14–16 mm, 36–38 days) component cells of the ilium are mesoblasts. In horizon XIX (17–20 mm, 38–40 days) young cartilage cells have appeared. Both phase 1 and phase 2 cells appear in horizon XX (21–23 mm, 40–42 days), the former characterized mainly by the first appearance of intercellular material, the latter by their slender shape and arrangement in tiers. Phase 3 cartilage cells, cuboidal with many vacuoles, appear in horizon XXI (22–24 mm, 42–44 days). Increasing vacuolization of the cytoplasm of cells is noted throughout horizons XXII and XXIII until, in horizon XXIII (28–30 mm, 46–48 days) total disintegration of cells, a feature of phase 5, is evident. Thus the phases of cartilage differentiation described for the humerus are present also in the ilium.
Observations on the ultimobranchial body inRana pipiens
Authors: Robertson Douglas R. , Swartz Gordon E. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe ultimobranchial body was investigated in 63 specimens ofRana pipiens.The morphology is described for “typical” (unifollicular) glands and those found in animals in poor physiological (“stressed”) condition. The typical follicular epithelium is of a mixed pseudostratified type and includes “elongate” cells which extend from the basement membrane to the free surface. These contain elongated nuclei, prominent terminal lipid droplets and “deltoid bodies” which are triangular, homogeneously staining structures apical or basal to the nucleus. “Isometric” cells do not extend to the basement membrane. They posses intensely staining nuclei, few lipid droplets and no deltoid bodies. The stressed gland is multifollicular and degenerate. Mitochondria, lipid droplets, deltoid bodies and glycogen have been identified and are located in specific areas of the follicular cells. The secretory products within the lumina of the glands have tentatively been shown to contain acid mucopolysaccharides, carbohydrate‐protein complexes, mucoproteins, lipid droplets and lipid complexes. These secretions may either represent possible precursors to future secretions or a retention of secretions produced during metamorphosis. The ultimobranchial body has shown no indication of degeneration in the adult.The ultimobranchial body in typicalRanais an active secretory gland which shows no indication of degeneration in normal adult anurans. Furthermore, it responds to fluctuations in environmental conditions as illustrated by its altered structure and varied types of secretion when stressed.
Secretion of protein by the acinar cells of the rat pancreas, as studied by electron microscopic radioautography
Authors: Van Heyningen Huberta E. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe secretion of protein by the acinar cells of the pancreas occurs in two steps: the synthesis of the protein from amino acids and its migration through the cell to the acinar lumen. Since very soon (one minute) after the injection of leucine‐H3 the labeled protein is found mainly in the ergastoplasm of the basal half of the cell, protein synthesis is believed to occur in this location. At later intervals the labeled protein is found in the Golgi complex (10 and 30 minutes), and then in the zymogen granules of the apical half of the cell (60 minutes). The newly synthesized protein thus migrates from the ergastoplasm to the Golgi complex, and from there as zymogen granules through the apical half of the cell prior to being released in the acinar lumen.
Measurement of hepatic parenchymal cell and nuclear volume in different classes of vertebrates
Authors: Deb Chandicharan , Boral Mohan Chand , Sarkar Chapala 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe volumes of parenchymal cells and their nuclei in liver were calculated in white rats, Columba livia (rock pigeon), Calotes versicolor (garden lizard) and Bufo melanostictus (toad); from their optical area and cell thickness. The area was measured from camera lucida drawings. The largest cellular and nuclear volume was observed in rats and smallest in pigeons. The cell volume in toads was similar to that found in rats but they had smaller nuclei. The cellular and nuclear volumes in lizards were smaller than in toads; and in pigeons smaller than lizards. The significant difference, in both cellular and nuclear volumes that has been observed in different classes of vertebrate, cannot be correlated with the evolutionary changes.
Glycogen synthetase in the rabbit tongue and uterus
Authors: Bo Walter J. , Smith Mavis S. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractUDPG‐glycogen synthetase was studied in the uterus of ovariectomized and ovariectomized‐hormone treated rabbits and in the tongue. Following the biochemical technic of Leloir and Goldenberg it was not possible to demonstrate the enzyme in the uterus of the ovariectomized or ovariectomized treated animals. However, in the tongue the enzyme was present. The data from this study along with previous histochemical studies indicates that the glycogen in the uterine muscle is not synthesized through the UPDG pathway, but is synthesized from G‐1‐P by the action of phosphorylase. Since UDPG‐glycogen synthetase can be demonstrated in the tongue a difference seems to exist in glycogen synthesis between the smooth muscle of the uterus and skeletal muscle of the tongue.
Mast cell distribution in the uterus of cycling and pregnant hamsters
Authors: Harvey Elmer B. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractIn this study the distribution of mast cells in the cephalic, middle, or caudal portions of the uterine horns did not differ. In cross‐sections, however, mast cells were most numerous in the myometrium, intermediate in the tunica vasculare of the endometrium and least in the mucosa. In the endometrium, the mast cells were most numerous in the antimesometrial, least in the mesometrial and intermediate in the lateral quadrants. In the myometrium, however, the relative numbers of mast cells between the quadrants varied according to the day in the estrous cycle.On days 1 (the day after estrus), 2, 3, and 4, (the day of proestrus) of the estrous cycle, there were respectively 42.7, 21.8, 22.5 and 10.7 mast cells in the endometrium per 12 μ sections. The differences in means between groups was highly significant (P < 0.001). In mated females on 67, 79, 91, 103, 115, and 151 hours after ovulation, there were respectively 9.4, 8.4, 4.7, 5.6, 2.1, and 2.2 mast cells in the endometrium per 12 μ cross‐section. The differences in the means were not significant.The mean number of mast cells per 12 μ cross‐sections of uteri of ovariectomized females was 20 ± 8. Subcutaneous injections of 0.3 gamma estrogen did not significantly alter the number of mast cells but 0.6 gamma depressed the mean count to 11 ± 7.It appeared from these studies that the uterine mast cell numbers were related to the cyclic phenomena of estrous, but that the numerical relationship to the time of nidation was not clear.
Ectopic glomeruli in the human and animal kidney
Authors: Moffat D. B. , Fourman Julia 
Published: February 2005

AbstractEctopic glomeruli and proximal convoluted tubules were found in the kidneys of the rat, cat, dog, rabbit and ferret and in the human full‐term fetus. They lay in the connective tissue around the main intrarenal vessels and deep to the pelvic mucosa. Their afferent arterioles were long and gave branches to the pelvic mucosal plexus, while their efferents supplied the pelvic mucosa and the medulla, or one or the other of these tissues. In the rabbit the ectopic glomeruli often produced small cysts in the pelvic septum. Degenerating ectopic glomeruli were occasionally found and in the dog the majority of them showed this change. In the adult human kidney, aglomerular arteries supplied both the pelvic mucosa and the medulla and it is suggested that such arteries are the result of degeneration of ectopic glomeruli.
A re‐evaluation of the mastoid region of contemporary and fossil man
Authors: Walensky Norman Aaron 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThis study points out a heretofore unrecognized range of variation in the mastoid area, between modern and ancient man. The mastoid region of modern man was re‐investigated and found to present a very different picture from fossil man. A trend was noted in modern man toward the enlargement of the mastoid process, the eruption of the juxtamastoid process in the digastric fossa and the absence of a pronounced occipitomastoid crest. The conditios were considerably differnt in Neanderthal man. In this group the area consisted of a small mastoid process, a spacious digastric fossa with no intervening juxtamastoid process and an occipitomastoid crest which exceeded or at least equaled, the projection of its mastoid process.This additional data emphasizes the cranial differences between modern man and Neanderthal man and suggests that the region should be re‐evaluated in light of this new data.
Macrophages in post‐secretory mammary involution in mice
Authors: Mayberry H. E. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractVital staining by trypan blue was used to demonstrate macrophages within involuting (post‐secretory), lactating and resting mammae of mice. Involution was produced by removal of the nursing young on the eighth day post‐partum when maximal lactation was present. The number of macrophages in involutin mammae was not significantly greater than that found in the rsting glands of mice receiving comparable injections of dye. Macrophages (coarse, granular accmulations of trypan blue in cytoplasm) in involutin mammae were congregated around and within atrophic alveoli and small ducts, while in lactating and resting mammae they were located primarily in the areolar stroma. Plasma cells, lymphocytes and neutrophils were increased during involution, but the limited leucocytic response did not indicate that a significant inflammatory reaction was active in the process of involution. Difuse parenchymal staining, indicating cellular injury or death, was limited to the epithelium of necroptic ducts and alveoli of involuting glands. Granular deposits of dye, as in macrophages or renal tubular epitelium, were not seen in the resting, lacating or involuting mammary parenchyma.
Histochemical study of monoamine oxidase in central nervous system cultures
Authors: O'Steen W. Keith , Callas Gerald 
Published: February 2005

AbstractImplants from the midbrain and cerebellum of neonatal rats were cultured in roller tubes for 20 to 30 days. The cultures were incubated in a tryptamine‐tetrazolium solution which demonstrated the enzyme activity of monoamine oxidase (MAO) by the formation of a formazan precipitation. Some cultures were incubated without fixation, while others were fixed in a glutaraldehyde solution prior to incubation. The specificity of the reaction was controlled by withholding the substrate or by treatment of the cultures with an MAO inhibitor. An intracellular localization of the enzyme was observed in small and medium sized neurons, but was absent in the largest neurons. Neuroglial cells, including ependyma, and mesenchymal cells and phagocytes were MAO positive. The formazan granules were scattered throughout cell bodies and into cytoplasmic processes. Glutaraldehyde fixation of cultures prior to incubation for MAO preserved the details of cell structure and enhanced the differentiation of cell types. When fixed and unfixed cultures were compared, glutaraldehyde did not appear to interfere or interact with enzyme localization; however, there was evidence that this aldehyde might be interfering with MAO concentration, since a longer incubation period for prefixed tissue was required to obtain a formazan reaction comparable to that of unfixed cultures.
S35 — liquid — scintillation count analysis of morphogenesis and teratogenesis of the palate in mouse embryos
Authors: Jacobs Richard M. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractS35‐labeled inorganic sulfate was employed as a precursor of sulfated mucopolysaccharides in a radioassay of embryonic palatine shelves of the offspring of normal and cortisone‐treated mice. Samples, composed of four palatine shelves derived from the same litter, were counted on a liquid scintillation spectrometer. A close correlation has been established between the time of the maximum aggregation of sulfated mucopolysaccharides, as expressed by the relative specific activity of retained S35‐labeled sulfate, and the time of “horizontalization” of palatine shelves in both experimental groups.The competence of embryological mechanism of palate closure has been related to the developmentally normal relative increase of the concentration of sulfated mucopolysaccharides, viewed as a factor maintaining maximum visco‐elasticity and minimal swelling of palatine shelves.
Effect of age of the donor and recipient on the development of transferred golden hamster ova
Authors: Blaha Gordon C. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractOva were removed from donors 63‐68 hours after ovulation and placed in the uteri of pseudopregnant recipients of the same pregnancy age. In transfers of ova from young (2 1/2‐6 month) to old (14–18 month) golden hamsters, only 8.3% developed into term fetuses. From old donors to young recipients, 4.5% of ova developed to term fetuses. In transfers of ova from young donors to young recipients, 49.2% of ova developed into term fetuses. There was no significant difference in percentage of fetal development between the two groups containing old females. The difference between these and the control (young to young) group was highly significant.There was a significantly lower number of ova recovered from old donors. At time of transfer, over one‐sixth of the ova from old donors consisted of only one to four cells. At seven and one‐half days, embryos developing from ova of old donors in uteri of young recipients were retarded and malformed.It is concluded that while the uterine environment in old hamsters appears inadequate to foster normal fetal development, there are also fewer ova ovulated in old females and these ova more frequently develop abnormally.
The effect of ovarian and hypophyseal hormones on mammary gland epithelial cell proliferation
Authors: Traurig Harold H. , Morgan Charles F. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractCastrated and castrated and hypophysectomized female mice (BALB/c) were injected subcutaneously with estradiol‐17β (0.5 μg or 1.0 μg/day) and progesterone (1.0 mg or 3 mg/day) in addition to prolactin (1.0 mg), oxytocin (1.0 IU) or growth hormone (1.0 mg), alone and in combination for 10 or 15 days. Twenty‐four hours after the last hormonal treatment, tritiated thymidine (0.7 μc/gram body weight) was injected intravenously, and the mice sacrificed six hours later. Tissue from the inguinal mammary glands was removed and processed for radioautographic, histological and whole mount study.Radioautographs of hematoxylin stained sections of mammary tissue from each animal were selected. Under oil immersion, 2,000 epithelial cells were consecutively counted and the number of labeled cells noted. Results are expressed as the per cent of labeled epithelial cells.All hormonal treatment, except oxytocin alone, caused a significant increase in per cent of labeled cells as compared to castrated, untreated animals. The per cent of labeled cells depended, in general, on the dosage and duration of treatment. Combinations of growth hormone with estradiol‐17β and progesterone did not augment epithelial proliferation. The addition of oxytocin or prolactin to the estradiol‐17β (0.5 μg) — progesterone (1.0 mg) combination significantly increased the per cent of labeled cells.Prolactin, but not oxytocin, augmented epithelial proliferation in similarly treated castrated and hypophysectomized mice. Combinations of estradiol‐17β (1.0 μg) and progesterone (3.0 mg) with oxytocin or prolactin did not significantly augment epithelial proliferation as compared to ovarian steroid treatment alone.
The fine structure of intercellular substances and rounded cells in the incisor pulp of the guinea pig
Authors: Han Seong S. , Avery James K. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe fine structure of intercellular substances and rounded cells of the incisor dental pulp of guinea pigs is described. The extracellular fibrils are of two kinds; collagen with typical cross‐striations, varying from 400–700 Å in diameter, and fine fibrils of 100–120 Å in diameter. In cross section the latter fibrils appeared to be composed of three or four smaller subunits of less than 50 Å in diameter. The collagen fibril in the dental pulp appear singly or in small bundles of about a dozen or more fibrils. The fine fibrils are often aggregated along the cell surface.The ground substances are finely granular to fibrillar and show localized clumping which is related to fibrillar elements. The ground substances form an incomplete covering of 200 Å or more in thickness surrounuding collagen fibrils. When the collagen fibrils make a bundle, the sheath of grouund substances around one fibril becomes fused with that of adjacent fibrils.Rounded cells including macrophages, lymphocytes and eosinophils are present in the pulp. The fine structure of these cells is similar to that found in the same types of cells previously observed in other organs.
Analysis of cortical and nuclear lens proteins by a combination of paper and starch gel electrophoresis
Authors: Maisel H. , Goodman M. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractA comparison of the soluble proteins of lens cortex and nucleus of several adult mammalian lenses, using a combination of paper and starch gel electrophoresis, revealed significant differences in the distribution of alpha and gamma crystallins. At least 2–5 gamma crystallin proteins of different molecular size were not detected in the cortex, but were found in the nucleus. These proteins correspond to the category of embryonic lens protein as defined by Francois and Rabaey ('57). Such a protein is synthesized almost entirely before birth, and thus accumulates mainly in the nucleus of the adult lens. In contrast to the mammalian lens, the adult chick lens contains only one protein which is present in significantly lower concentration in the cortex when compared with the nucleus. This protein is the major beta crystallin component, which is first detected during embryogenesis, at the time of appearance of the primary lens fibers. The reason for the decreased synthesis of these proteins in adult life remains to be elucidated.Differences were also noted in the relative concentration of alpha crystallin in mammalian lens nucleus and cortex. The smaller of the two alpha crystallin molecules was markedly decreased in the nucleus, probably the result of precipitation with age into insoluble protein (Francois and Rabaey, '57).