bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Monitoring American woodcock abundance in Tennessee using automated recording units
Authors: Buck Evan J. , Buehler David A. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAlthough American woodcock (Scolopax minor) have been declining for the past 50 years, their breeding activity is not regularly monitored across much of the southeastern United States. Due to predictable crepuscular display behaviors, woodcock are a good candidate for monitoring with automated recording units (ARUs). Here, we test the efficacy of ARUs for monitoring woodcock against human observers. We also evaluate the use of automated detection software for 2 woodcock display sounds, the peent call and twitter display, and estimate whether abundance estimates can be derived from the acoustic data. We find that human observers detected more woodcock and counted more twitter displays than ARUs with manual human review but counted similar numbers of peent calls. The automated detection program monitoR successfully classified 52% of peent calls captured in recordings but was unable to consistently classify twitter displays. We were unable to successfully predict the number of woodcock in a given area based on the total number of peents or twitters recorded per survey by human observers in the field. Automated recording units can be effectively used to monitor woodcock presence but have limitations compared to human observers for estimating abundance.
Investigation of heat transfer in the geometry of helical screw rheometer having couple stress fluid
Authors: Zeb Muhammad , Awais Muhammad , Farooq Muhammad , Khalil Salma , Alqahtani Ali Saeed , Malik Muhammad Yousaf 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThis study examines the generalized Couette flow of couple stress fluid within the geometry of a helical screw rheometer (HSR). The geometry of the HSR is simplified by modeling the screw as an exposed rectangular channel and flattening the barrel surface. The screw and barrel are maintained at constant temperatures, and , respectively. The viscosity of the fluid is assumed to vary with temperature, and the Reynolds model is applied to describe this temperature‐viscosity relationship. The resulting mathematical formulation leads to nonlinearly coupled ordinary differential equations, with velocity and temperature as unknown functions. To solve for the velocity profiles and temperature distribution, an analytical technique known as the perturbation method is utilized. The expressions for volume flow rates are also derived. A graphical analysis is performed to examine the effects of various dimensionless parameters, such as the couple stress parameter , flight angle , constant number , Brinkman number , and pressure gradients in and ‐directions. It is observed that , and enhance the flow profiles and temperature distribution, while variations in reduce the velocity profile in the ‐direction but increase the net velocity and temperature distribution. The pressure gradient in ‐direction promotes the velocity component in ‐direction with no effects on the velocity component in ‐direction. Similarly, the pressure gradient in ‐direction increases the velocity component in ‐direction with no effects on the velocity component in ‐direction. These findings offer insights into optimizing flow behavior and heat transfer in HSR systems and provide a deeper understanding of the interactions between velocity, temperature, and material properties.
7 Fingers Back and Forth Across the Border: A Tale of Two Countries and Their Circus Collaborations
Authors: Leroux Louis Patrick 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter explores some of the implicit and explicit cross-border collaborations and circulations that characterize the contemporary North American circus scene, notably focusing on Les 7 doigts de la main (7 Fingers), a collective based in Montreal made up of artists from Québec, France and America. There is a long history of cross-border circus activity between Québec and the U.S., from Rickett’s early modern circus touring Québec in the late 1700s and Ringling Brothers’ attracting Canadian talent to the U.S., to Québec exporting and imposing its artistic, acrobatics-based “new” circus through the success of Cirque du Soleil and other touring companies. This chapter concentrates on some lesser-known stories and connections bridging Montreal, San Francisco, and New York, as experienced by the 7 Fingers. Having deep roots in both Montreal and San Francisco, the collective has constantly been juggling multiple affiliations, affection, and cultural codes. The artistic directors are more than ever aware of their generative role with the next generations of North American circus performers on both sides of the border.
Living on the Margins of the Empire: Political Relations Between Québec and the United States: 1940–2000
Authors: Paquin Stéphane , Kirkey Christopher 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The United States has had a diplomatic presence in Québec for some 200 years, and now has two consulates, one in Québec City and one in Montréal. Québec opened its first delegation to the U.S. nearly 85 years ago, during the Second World War. Despite Québec's strong commercial and security interests in the United States, it is almost impossible for a Québec premier to secure a bilateral meeting with an American president. In fact, there are very few precedents. In the United States, Québec does not enjoy direct and privileged ties with the president or members of the executive branch of the U.S. federal government, as it does with France. Despite this, Québec has nonetheless sought to increase its leverage in the United States since the 1960s. This chapter chronicles the efforts of Québec to advance its interests by examining efforts of successive provincial governments to institutionalize and deepen its political relationship with the United States through direct engagement with the American executive and legislative branches of government. In particular, a range of paradiplomatic efforts constructed and pursued by Québec between 1940 and 2000, are identified and closely evaluated.
Party Realignment in Québec: Lessons from the United States
Authors: Godbout Jean-François , Bélanger Éric 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter investigates party realignment in the province of Québec. Drawing from the insights of the cleavage theory crafted by Lipset and Rokkan (1967) and the American experience, the study identifies three main conflict dimensions that have structured the party system over time. These overarching issues are economic redistribution, sovereignty, and diversity. The positions of parties on these cleavages are measured using the 2012, 2014, and 2018 Québec elections. The results confirm that the management of diversity is the most influential dimension of the new party system. The study concludes by drawing parallels between Québec’s experience and partisan polarization in the United States.
Sitting time at work and cardiovascular disease risk—a longitudinal analysis of the Study on Mental Health at Work (S-MGA)
Authors: Schmidt Nicole , Romero Starke Karla , Sauter Martha , Burr Hermann , Seidler Andreas , Hegewald Janice 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Purpose
This study analyzed longitudinal data to examine whether occupational sitting time is associated with increases in body mass index (BMI) and five-year cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk.

Methods
We included 2,000 employed men and women (aged 31–60) from the German Study on Mental Health at Work (S-MGA) for a BMI analysis and 1,635 participants free of CVD at baseline (2011/2012) for a CVD analysis. Occupational sitting time was categorized into five groups (< 5, 5 to < 15, 15 to < 25, 25 to < 35, and ≥ 35 h per week). BMI change was measured from baseline (2011/2012) to follow-up (2017). Incident CVD included hypertension, heart disease, myocardial infarction, and stroke (all self-reported). Multiple linear regression examined the association between sitting time and BMI change, while modified Poisson regression analyzed CVD incidence, adjusting for age, sex, occupation, shift work, leisure activity, and smoking by sex. Covariates were self-reported.

Results
Over five years, the average BMI change was 0.49 (SD 1.9). We found no association between baseline occupational sitting time and BMI changes, with consistent results in sensitivity analyses. During this period, 245 participants developed cardiovascular disease. There was no increased risk of CVD among those with more sitting time compared to less. No differences in risk were found between women and men.

Conclusion
There was no association between occupational sitting time and five-year changes in BMI or incident CVD.
The influence of anorexia nervosa on oral health and related parameters potentially relevant to orthodontic treatment: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Niederau Christian , Alman Eda , Rizk Marta , Becker Kathrin , Marx Nikolaus , Coenen Franziska A. , Knaup Isabel , Wolf Michael , Craveiro Rogerio Bastos 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Objectives
Information on the oral health of patients with anorexia nervosa remains not satisfactory. The aim of this systematic review is to evaluate oral health parameters in anorexic patients compared to healthy individuals. Furthermore, potential clinical implications for orthodontic treatment are discussed from an orthodontic perspective.

Materials and methods
Electronic databases were searched for case-control and controlled clinical trial studies on dentofacial manifestations in anorexic patients up to 2/2024. Study selection, data extraction and risk of bias assessment was done independently by two authors. Random-effects meta-analyses of mean differences (MDs) or relative risks (RRs) with their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were conducted, followed by sensitivity analyses.

Results
Eleven out of 573 initially identified studies were included. They involved oral health analyses of general anorexic patients ≥ 12 years (mean age 18.4). The meta-analysis showed that anorexia nervosa was associated with a significantly increased caries experience (DMFT), plaque accumulation and gingival inflammation (BOP). PH and salivary flow rate were significantly altered in patients with anorexia nervosa, although no significant relationship between α-amylase levels and anorexia nervosa was demonstrated.

Conclusions
These data enabled us to formulate modalities for anorexia-specific orthodontic treatments. Based on the results, patients with anorexia nervosa exhibit an increased risk of caries and gingival inflammatory signs.

Clinical relevance
The systematic information on dentofacial manifestations obtained in this study should be considered to better manage the oral health of anorexia patients.
Projected marine heatwaves over the Mediterranean Sea and the network of marine protected areas: a three-dimensional assessment
Authors: Konsta Katerina , Doxa Aggeliki , Katsanevakis Stelios , Mazaris Antonios D. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Marine heatwaves (MHWs) are periods of abnormally warm ocean temperatures that exert significant impacts on marine ecosystems. MHWs are commonly identified as periods when temperature conditions surpass predetermined thermal thresholds. Although they can propagate beneath the ocean’s surface, MHWs are typically assessed using sea surface temperatures. In this study, we investigate the future progression and depth penetration of MHWs across the Mediterranean Sea and the existing network of Marine Protected Areas (MPAs). We utilize daily three-dimensional seawater temperature projections from the POLCOMS-ERSEM model for the period 2006–2100 from surface to 2000 m depth under the RCP8.5 forcing scenario, to explore the future spatio-temporal properties of MHWs. We employ two different baseline climatological periods for establishing thresholds based on which MHWs are identified: one remains constant, while the other is adjusted in time to reflect the evolving adaptive capacities of ecosystems in response to long-term warming trends. Our analysis reveals that, regardless of the threshold applied, the Mediterranean MPAs will experience long-lasting and intense MHWs in the future across the ocean’s depths. While the utilization of a shifting baseline period results in shorter and milder shallow MHWs within the Mediterranean MPAs (i.e. annual duration: 45 days per year and mean annual intensity: 1.63 °C) compared to the fixed baseline approach (i.e. annual duration: 195 days per year and mean annual intensity: 1.89 °C), deeper ocean zones exhibit a saturation of MHWs, with year-round events, particularly below 1000 m, under both baseline approaches. Our findings highlight the profound penetration of MHWs into the ocean's depths, posing a serious threat to the protected ecosystems of the Mediterranean, especially in marine subsurface environments. Notably, our findings suggest that MHWs are expected to demonstrate similar spatio-temporal patterns to those observed within the MPAs across the entire Mediterranean basin. MPAs are, thus, anticipated to face equivalent challenges from MHW impacts, affecting their protected ecosystems and biodiversity across various depths.
Effective Thermal Conductivity of Nanofluids Containing Silicon Dioxide, Titanium Dioxide, Copper Oxide, Polystyrene, or Polymethylmethacrylate Nanoparticles Dispersed in Water, Ethylene Glycol, or Glycerol
Authors: Berger Bioucas Francisco E. , Koller Thomas M. , Fröba Andreas P. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The present study represents a continuation of our investigations on the effective thermal conductivity λ
eff of nanofluids by systematically varying the types of base fluids and particles. For the spherical nanoparticles with mean diameters between (20 and 175) nm, the metal oxides silicon dioxide (SiO2), titanium dioxide (TiO2), and copper oxide (CuO) as well as the polymers polystyrene (PS) and polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) were selected to cover a broad range for the particle thermal conductivity λ
p from about (0.1 to 30) W⋅m–1⋅K–1. The corresponding polar base fluids water, ethylene glycol, and glycerol allow to not only vary their thermal conductivity λ
bf by a factor of more than two, but also their dynamic viscosity by about three orders of magnitude. For the measurement of λ
eff of the twelve different particle–fluid combinations, i.e., TiO2 or CuO with all three liquids as well as SiO2, PS, or PMMA with water or ethylene glycol, a steady-state guarded parallel-plate instrument (GPPI) associated with an expanded (k = 2) relative uncertainty between 0.022 and 0.032 was used at atmospheric pressure over a temperature range from (283 to 358) K at varying particle volume fractions up to 0.31. The results for the thermal-conductivity ratio λ
eff·λ
bf
–1 are independent of temperature and show a moderate and relatively linear change as a function of the particle volume fraction. For similar ratios λ
p·λ
bf
–1, the experimental data for λ
eff·λ
bf
–1 are also very similar, which are above, close to, or below 1 if λ
p is larger than, comparable to, or smaller than λ
bf, respectively. For all nanofluids investigated, the Hamilton–Crosser model can describe the present measurement results and reliable experimental data reported in the literature for λ
eff·λ
bf
–1 typically within ± 5 %. Overall, the measurement results from this work contribute to an extension of the database for λ
eff of nanofluids with respect to the investigated wide ranges of systems, temperature, and particle volume fraction.
Exposure of Sn-Wetted W CPS Targets to Simultaneous NBI Beam and High-Power CW Laser Pulses at the High-Heat Flux OLMAT Facility
Authors: Oyarzabal E. , De Castro A. , Alegre D. , Fernandez-Mayo P. , Tafalla D. , McCarthy K. J. ,   The OLMAT Team, Honrubia F. Miguel , Carrasco R. , Sebastián J. A. , Diaz F. Martin , Manchon J. Gomez , Jimenez-Denche A. , Navarro M. , Bueno L. A. , de la Peña A. , Portas A. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
First experiments are reported of the simultaneous exposure of a number of Sn-wetted W CPSs and a reference W CPS to 100 ms NBI pulses (divertor steady-state loading conditions) and 2 ms long high-energy laser pulses (divertor ELM like loading conditions) at the High-Heat Flux OLMAT facility. The use of a fast-frame imaging camera allows monitoring the onset of particle ejection from the targets during laser pulses and obtaining the corresponding laser heat fluxes as a measure of the resilience of these targets. Fast camera images are used also to determine ejected particle numbers and to estimate their maximum velocities as laser power is increased in order to compare the influence of W CPS structure on these parameters. In addition, the craters resulting from particle ejection are studied for each target with an optical microscope and a scanning electron microscope. Moreover, in-situ W and Sn particle ejection is followed using visible emission spectroscopy and post-exposure W melting after particle ejection is observed using the energy dispersive X-ray method EDX for all the studied targets. This shows that Sn is unable to protect the underlying W substrate from high-energy laser damage, albeit a subsequent refilling of the formed craters with Sn is visible during NBI-only pulses after laser damage. Thus, it is considered that optimization of surface refilling/replenishment with Sn is needed to improve the W substrate protection. From this work, it is also found that the W CPS reference material has a higher laser heat flux threshold for particle ejection than the Sn-wetted targets. Nevertheless, it is important to take into account that in these experiments with laser pulses, the possible beneficial effects of vapor shielding that can take place during particle irradiation at ELMs or disruptions are not present, thus these experiments represent a worst-case scenario.
An Efficient Implementation of Interior-Point Methods for a Class of Nonsymmetric Cones
Authors: Chen Yuwen , Goulart Paul 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We present an implementation of interior-point methods for generalized power cones, power mean cones and relative entropy cones, by exploiting underlying low-rank and sparsity properties of the Hessians of their logarithmically homogeneous self-concordant barrier functions. We prove that the augmented linear system in our interior-point method can be sparse and quasidefinite after adding a static regularization term, enabling the use of sparse LDL factorization for nonsymmetric cones. Numerical results show that our implementation can exploit sparsity in our test examples.
Optimization of the poloxamer 407-conjugated gelatin to synthesize pH-sensitive nanocarriers for controlled paclitaxel delivery
Authors: Ly Huy Q. , Chen Yin-Ju , Nguyen Van Toan , Tseng Ching-Li 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Chemotherapy is one of the most prevalent and efficacious treatments for a wide variety of cancers; however, chemotherapeutic agents have clinically limited applications due to their low water solubility and risk of side effects. Nanomedicine can help to easily deliver hydrophobic and hydrophilic agents for cancer treatment. Here, we describe a nanocarrier system that enables the sustainable and controllable release of hydrophobic anticancer drugs, Paclitaxel, based on poloxamer 407-conjugated gelatin (GeP) copolymers. The particle size, zeta potential, morphology, and thermal stability of the nanogels were characterized. The successful synthesis of nanogels was confirmed by analyzing their chemical components. Among the GePs at different amounts of poloxamer 407, a ratio of gelatin and poloxamer (Ge:P) at 1:15 for preparation resulted in the nanogels being positive in charge, spherical in shape, and 97.84 ± 2.94 nm in hydrodynamic diameter (Dh), with optimal drug-carrying efficacy. The in vitro drug release from nanogels was accelerated in the tumor microenvironment at pH 5.5 in comparison to pH 7.4, and the drug release kinetics from nanogels were due to Fickian diffusion. Finally, the cytotoxicity assays indicated that GePs were biocompatible nanocarriers without toxicity on both normal (VERO) and breast cancer cell (MCF-7) lines, which could improve the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of paclitaxel. Overall, these results revealed an optimal ratio (1:15) of Ge:P for the synthesis of pH-responsive hybrid nanogels for sufficient paclitaxel releasement to kill MCF-7 for effective cancer treatment.
Integrating EnlightenGAN for enhancing car logo detection under challenging lighting conditions
Authors: Mohamed Amir T. , Youssef Omar A. , Awad Maryam H. , Prince Mostafa , kamal Nagham N. , Nabil Noran , Sobeh Muhammed S. , Elmenyawi Marwa A. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Detecting small objects in challenging lighting conditions is a critical task with broad applications in computer vision, surveillance, and medical imaging. Small objects are especially vulnerable to detection errors due to their size and the significant impact of varying lighting conditions, such as low-light environments or high glare. Furthermore, the lack of a benchmark dataset that accurately simulates real-world scenarios makes it difficult to evaluate the performance of detection models in such conditions. In the proposed paper, we address these challenges by developing a comprehensive dataset specifically designed for car logo detection under diverse and challenging lighting environments. The dataset incorporates variations in lighting, viewing angles, and object scales to replicate real-world conditions. We also introduce a detection pipeline integrating EnlightenGAN for low-light image enhancement, which preserves fine details and textures, and YOLOv7 and YOLOv8 for improved detection accuracy. By enhancing image quality and refining object detection models, our approach significantly boosts the detection of small car logos, even in challenging lighting scenarios where traditional models tend to fail. Experimental results show that YOLOv8 outperforms YOLOv7 by approximately 7%, with YOLOv8 achieving a mean Average Precision (mAP) of 73.3% on the augmented dataset compared to 68.4% for the original dataset and 67.2% for the processed images. These results validate the effectiveness of GAN-based enhancement techniques in preserving small object details and improving detection performance. Additionally, introducing a new dataset and benchmark provides a valuable resource for future research in small object detection under complex lighting conditions.
Fano resonance-boosted topological sensor for next-generation sensing
Authors: Mohamed Zeinelabedin A. , Abd-Elnaiem Alaa M. , Abood Israa , Almokhtar Mohamed , Soliman Sayed El. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The rapidly developing field of topological photonics has the potential to revolutionize the design and operation of optical systems. This study presents a novel approach for constructing a resilient sensor based on topological resonance. The coupling of the photonic crystal waveguide (PCW) with the topological corner state (TCS) within the structure forms the proposed sensor. The PCW provides a well-defined propagating mode, while the TCS is a localized mode that is topologically protected against perturbations. The coupling between the two modes contributes growth to a Fano resonance and results in a sharp and narrow spectral feature sensitive to the refractive index variation of the surrounding medium. The proposed sensor possesses a high sensitivity of ∼461.96 nm/RIU with a high Q-factor
$$\:(\:>{10}^{6})$$
, high figure of merit
$$\:\:(\:>{10}^{6}\:{\text{R}\text{I}\text{U}}^{-1})$$
, and has an ideal detection limit value of
$$\:\:{10}^{-7}\:\text{R}\text{I}\text{U}$$
. The present study gives a new platform for a more productive way of creating highly efficient topological Fano resonance sensors. The proposed sensor is resistant, sensitive, and highly versatile, making it beneficial for different applications.