bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The new Ukrainian school reform: Achievements, developments and challenges
Authors: Hrynevych Liliia , Linnik Olena , Herczyński Jan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis article describes the New Ukrainian School reform and its conceptual framework. The reform builds on advanced pedagogical experience, best education practices, European competency frameworks and the promotion of national values. The system‐wide reform focuses on competency‐based content for teacher professional development, safe learning environments, inclusion and the digitalisation of education. Also, it addresses the internal and external quality assessment of education. The reform is financed through central government grants and the budgets of local governments. To test the newly developed content, the reform was piloted at 143 schools one year ahead of the nationwide roll‐out. The schools are a representative sample of schools in Ukraine. The pilot study involved monitoring student learning outcomes, teacher preparedness to implement the reform, and organisation of education environments. Methods used for the pilot study included a survey, test, pedagogical observations, and secondary analysis of statistics. The national implementation of the reform started in 2017 and is planned to be completed by 2030. Russia's full‐scale invasion of Ukraine in 2022 has contributed to obstacles and risks such as learning losses, lacking school safety, absence of funding for the development of schools and for printing textbooks. We describe measures undertaken in Ukraine to promote the reform and good results. A range of challenges remain, such as rebuilding destroyed schools, optimising the school network in line with demographic changes and organising shelters at schools. Additional challenges include the promotion of digital technologies at schools, closing learning gaps and the provision of psychological support at school.
Understanding school enrollment in the free education era: Roadblocks to meeting the sustainability development goal
Authors: Gao Chunhai , Khalid Sabika , Tadesse Endale 
Published: November 2023

AbstractFor decades, Pakistan's government has continuously provided its citizens with accessible, universal, basic education; however, these efforts have not yielded any gains for the citizens. Consequently, Pakistan has a lower literacy rate, one of the lowest in South Asia and the rest of the world. Although such a substantial issue is daunting and weakens the country's educational system, there needs to be more evidence that proposes potential implications or interventions in identifying the most important in‐school factors of primary school enrollment in Pakistan. Therefore, the present study derived a literature review‐driven hypothesis and administered a rigour analysis using the 2018 school census from the Punjab government education commission, showing detailed information on 24,305 public primary schools. The finding of this study asserts that the medium of instruction has shown a considerable impact on primary school enrollment and the availability of qualified teachers. Single‐sex schools, WASH facilities, and the security of schools have significant and diverse effects in determining student enrollment, which leads to forwarding possible implications to scholars, educators, and policymakers.
The biobehavioral family model and the family relational assessment protocol: Map and GPS for family systems training
Authors: Wood Beatrice L. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe Biobehavioral Family Model (BBFM) was developed and evolved as a heuristic research model to support the investigation of pathways by which family relational function impacts individual family member wellbeing and disorder. Recently, the BBFM and its related assessment approach, the Family Relational Process Assessment Protocol (FRAP), have emerged as tools for clinical practice and training. The BBFM model will be presented, along with definitions of the dimensions constructed in the model, and research evidence in support of the model. To illustrate how the BBFM and FRAP are used in training, instructions for conducting the FRAP will be presented. Then, transcripts from two contrasting families participating in one of the interaction tasks will illustrate how, in training, the FRAP is interpreted through the BBFM lens to illuminate how these patterns of family relationship impact the identified patient. Finally, three applications of this training approach will exemplify the use of the BBFM and FRAP in the context of a Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Fellowship, a Family Medicine Fellowship, and a Family Therapy Training Program in Istanbul, Turkey. Limitations and future directions for the application of the BBFM in the exploration of multicultural aspects of family function for clinical and training purposes will be discussed.
Associations between activities of daily living, leisure activities and subjective well‐being in Chinese older adults
Authors: Yang Wenyan , Tian Gang , Cui Yiran , Li Rui , Zhou Tong , Shi Yan , Shuai Jingliang , Ma Yulan , Yan Yan 
Published: November 2023

ObjectivesThe study aimed to explore the internal pathway of the association between activities of daily living and subjective well‐being among Chinese older adults using a large and representative sample.BackgroundThere is still a lack of systematic investigation into the association between activities of daily living and subjective well‐being among Chinese older adults.Materials and methodsThe study included 10 578 participants from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey. We applied multiple linear regression analysis and Spearman correlation analysis to examine the association between activities of daily living and subjective well‐being and PROCESS macro to determine the mediating effect of leisure activities on the relationship between them.ResultsThe mean total score of subjective well‐being was 30.5 ± 4.4. The prevalence of basic activities of daily living and instrumental activities of daily living limitations was 18.0% and 60.8%, respectively. Correlation analysis showed that activities of daily living score were negatively correlated with subjective well‐being. Leisure activities were positively correlated with subjective well‐being. The effect of instrumental activities of daily living on subjective well‐being was partially mediated by leisure activities and leisure activities completely mediated the association between basic activities of daily living and subjective well‐being.ConclusionsThe effect of instrumental activities of daily living on subjective well‐being was partially mediated by leisure activities and leisure activities completely mediated the association between basic activities of daily living and subjective well‐being.
Access to dental services in an elder population of African descent in Brazil
Authors: da Silva‐Sobrinho Adriano Referino , Lima Nathália Larissa Bezerra , Ramos Letícia Francine Silva , Jerônimo Stefania Ferreira , da Costa Araújo Fábio Andrey , Sette‐de‐Souza Pedro Henrique 
Published: November 2023

ObjectivesWe investigated access to dental services and associated factors in a community of Quilombola older people.BackgroundQuilombola populations are groups of individuals descended from black Africans subjected to slavery during part of Brazilian history. As marginalised and neglected individuals, they have high rates of negative indicators and require further attention to the social determinants that affect their health reality.Materials and MethodsA cross‐sectional quantitative study was conducted in the Quilombola community of Castainho, in the Northeast region of Brazil. In this community, 34 older people aged between 65 and 74 resided. We collected self‐report data on sociodemographic and economic characteristics, along with oral examinations by the researchers. The primary dependent variable was regular access to dental services. Statistical analysis used Fisher's exact test (P = .05).ResultsAmong the 32 participants in the final sample, 18.8% (n = 6) reported accessing dental services in the previous 6 months. Self‐declared individuals of mixed race, with positive self‐assessment of oral health, and those who did not self‐perceive the need for treatment had lower rates of regular access to dental services (P < .05).ConclusionUse of dental services by older Quilombola people is low, and there are differences by ethnicity and individual perception of oral health.
Identification and characterization of urban polycentric structure based on points of interest in Shenyang, China
Authors: Hao Feilong , Lu Ming , Yu Tingting , Wang Shijun 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAnalyzing the spatial agglomeration and characteristics of urban functional elements and effectively identifying the polycentric pattern of a city can provide a scientific basis for urban planning. This study, on the basis of point‐of‐interest (POI) data, designs a weighted overlay‐analysis method that is based on functional categories, spatial agglomeration, and POI weights to identify the spatial‐agglomeration pattern and polycentric urban structure of Shenyang, China. Our results show that Shenyang has a significant polycentric urban structure. The POI elements in the municipal center in the second ring road show concentration and a contiguous distribution pattern. The POI element distribution near the city is scattered, and the spatial distribution of hotspots is uneven. The urban centers in the city planned by the government and those that we have identified differ. Because of the remote location and insufficient support facilities, the municipal subcenters and district centers do not play the role of decentralization as intended. Further strengthening the overall industrial planning and transportation apparatus is necessary in order to enhance the outward radiation and inward attraction of municipal subcenters. Our weighted overlay method realizes effective identification of the polycentric urban structure and can provide relevant reference for urban research and planning.
Mergers, distance, and leadership: Perceptions of different forms of distance to leadership in merger processes
Authors: Frølich Nicoline , Elken Mari , Eide Thea 
Published: November 2023

AbstractMergers in higher education are large‐scale, complex organisational change processes seeking to integrate former independent institutions into a new organisational entity. Mergers are often justified by reference to broad overarching goals such as quality, relevance, and efficiency. In practice, mergers entail attempts at organisational integration which can be inhibited by several obstacles, increasing and large internal distances can be such a hindrance to integration. In this paper, we explore how different forms of distance to leadership in the context of higher education can be conceptualised, and how experiences of different forms of distance interrelate. This paper shows that geographical distance can also mask other conceptualisations of distances and that geographical distance can also interact with other forms of distances. The empirical basis consists of data from a large‐scale research project addressing the organisational transformations taking place in Norwegian higher education due to mergers between 2016 and 2017.
Abaca fiber as an efficient reinforcement for high mechanical performance in metakaolin‐based geopolymers
Authors: Constâncio Trindade Ana Carolina , Sood Sai Shruti , Silva Deyvid do Carmo , Ozer Ali , Kriven Waltraud M. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis study introduces an innovative method for efficiently integrating abaca fibers into a potassium‐based geopolymer (KGP) material. Geopolymers often suffer from brittleness, and composite designs have been explored as a solution to enhance their strength and ductility. While synthetic reinforcements are commonly employed due to their consistent properties, natural fibers offer a renewable and eco‐friendly alternative. However, their widespread use has been hindered by complex and time‐consuming treatments, resulting in variable morphologies that affect fiber‐matrix adhesion. It is worth noting that previous research has primarily focused on alkali‐activated and cementitious applications, leaving a knowledge gap in understanding its interactions with calcium‐free, metakaolin‐based geopolymers. Consequently, this study aimed to simplify the conversion of raw abaca into uniformly chopped filaments, facilitating their integration into KGPs at levels of up to 7 wt%. The mechanical evaluation revealed exceptional performance, with compressive strengths reaching up to 45 MPa. A thorough analysis confirmed robust, fiber‐matrix adhesion and identified the presence of lignin and cellulose, significantly contributing to the fiber's strength. Flow table tests showcased their versatility, transitioning from high flowability (1 wt%) to complete shape retention (7 wt%). Furthermore, all variations exhibited great ductility, multiple cracking formation, and minimal variability in mechanical properties.
Studies on the cellular uptake of ribonuclease
Authors: CORMACK D. H. 
Published: November 2023

SYNOPSISThe uptake of RNase by two types of amoeba and a selection of vertebrate cells has been investigated using the fluorescein‐labelled enzyme. This method is considered satisfactory for the study since the fluorescein label migrated together with the enzyme during electrophoresis, and the labelled RNase retained one half of its enzymatic activity. Although RNase was ingested as droplets by both Amoeba proteus and Acanthamoeba sp., these two amoebae differed in their extent of surface adsorption of the enzyme and in the effect of RNase on the activity of their contractile vacuoles. Cytoplasmic droplets were also ingested in vitro by a small proportion of ascites cells, but there was no detectable uptake by rabbit kidney, mouse fibroblast, chick embryo or HeLa cultures.
Enzyme histochemistry of developing human skin in tissue culture
Authors: PULLAR PETER , LIADSKY CHARLOTTE 
Published: November 2023

SYNOPSISHuman foetal skin can develop in tissue culture using a synthetic chemically defined medium. The development produces squamous type epithelium which subsequently forms keratin. The assumption of squamous morphology is associated with the appearance of a reaction for acid phosphatase, non‐specific esterase and cysteine desulphurase. These enzymes show a distinct intensification in the zone between the squamous and keratin layers. The findings suggest that the process in this system closely parallels that in vivo.
Some technical applications of reflected‐light interference microscopy
Authors: ARREGGER CONSTANCE E. 
Published: November 2023

SYNOPSISThe use of interference techniques in microscopy provides a useful tool for scientists and engineers in the investigation and measurement of very small changes in height on a reflecting surface. The interference fringes may be regarded as contour lines spaced at half the wave length of the monochromatic light used for illumination. This gives, in effect, a remarkably high magnification in depth and makes possible the assessment of the variations of flatness and finish of highly finished surfaces and the measurement of the thickness of vacuum evaporated films and the height of surface steps on crystals.Replica techniques can be used for the examination of inaccessible surfaces and also for the variation of the value of the fringe spacing if the pellicle is viewed when immersed in liquids of various refractive indices, thus varying the effective magnification and hence the range of measurement.Further, the use of fringes of equal chromatic order, involving the use of a spectroscope as an accessory to the microscope, as described by Tolansky and others, enables depth measurements to an accuracy of a few micrometres to be made readily.
The effect of swelling on the interference microscopy of fixed biological material
Authors: GOLDSTEIN D. J. 
Published: November 2023

SYNOPSISMeasurements with the interference microscope show the optical‐path difference relative to the medium of many biological objects after histological processing to be less in water than would be expected on the basis of measurements made in other media. This anomalous optical‐path difference is found also with sections of gelatin (autoradiographic stripping film), but not if the gelatin is mounted on the slide in such a way that swelling is constrained to a direction parallel to the optical axis of the microscope. Swelling in water has been demonstrated in a variety of formalin‐fixed and de‐fatted tissues.It is suggested that the anomalous optical‐path differences in water are due to swelling causing a change in the lateral dimensions of the object, and hence loss of material from the optical path. The fact that the anomaly has also been found with scanning and integrating interference microscopes is discussed, and it is suggested that the validity of such methods needs re‐examination.
Studies in fluorescence histochemistry: I. The demonstration of sulphomucins*
Authors: STOWARD PETER J. 
Published: November 2023

SYNOPSISSulphated mucosubstances in sections of coagulant‐fixed tissue emit a variable yellow to red fluorescence after being stained with purified coriphosphine at pH 2 to 4. Unfortunately this fluorescence is sometimes indistinguishable from a similarly coloured fluorescence emitted by nuclei, oxidized sulphoproteins and some sialo‐mucins, which, however, can be eliminated more or less selectively either by (1) a preliminary Feulgen hydrolysis and condensation with N,N‐dimethyl‐m‐phenylene diamine; or (2) by pretreatment with a solution of ferric alum; or (3) by a previous methylation with methanolic thionyl chloride, followed by reduction with lithium aluminium hydride in hot dioxane and then by saponification (a sequence of reactions which, in theory but not always in practice, should remove all polyanionic groups in the tissue except sulphate groups on sulphated mucopolysaccharides); or (4), best of all, by staining sections in a very dilute solution of thiazol yellow at pH 2 after they have been stained in coriphosphine.The rationale and limitations of these methods are discussed critically.
Can domain knowledge benefit machine learning for concrete property prediction?
Authors: Li Zhanzhao , Pei Te , Ying Weichao , Srubar Wil V. , Zhang Rui , Yoon Jinyoung , Ye Hailong , Dabo Ismaila , Radlińska Aleksandra 
Published: November 2023

AbstractUnderstanding and predicting process–structure–property–performance relationships for concrete materials is key to designing resilient and sustainable infrastructure. While machine learning has emerged as a powerful tool to supplement empirical analysis and physical modeling, its capabilities are yet to be fully realized due to the massive data requirements and generalizability challenges. To address these limitations, we propose a knowledge‐informed machine learning framework for concrete property prediction that aggregates the wealth of domain knowledge condensed in empirical formulas and physics‐based models. By integrating the knowledge through data augmentation, feature enhancement, and model pre‐training, we demonstrate that this framework has the potential to (i) accelerate model convergence, (ii) improve model performance with limited training data, and (iii) increase generalizability to real‐world scenarios (including extrapolation capability to other datasets and robustness against data outliers). The overall improvement of machine learning models by knowledge integration is particularly critical when these models are scaled up to tackle the increasing complexity of modern concrete and deployed in practical applications. While demonstrated for predicting concrete strength, this versatile framework is applicable to a wide range of properties of concrete and other composite materials, paving the way for accelerated materials design and discovery.
Analysis of sedentary behaviour levels and patterns in adults with Down syndrome
Authors: Ballenger Brantley K. , Haider Maria , Brown Stanley P. , Agiovlasitis Stamatis 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundSedentary behaviour (SB) among adults with Down syndrome (DS) may differ based on personal or environmental factors.ObjectiveInvestigate differences in SB levels and patterns of adults with DS based on sex, age, and residence‐type across weekdays and weekends.MethodsThirty‐four adults with DS (15 men; 37 ± 12 years) underwent accelerometry‐based measurements of sedentary time, bouts, and breaks for 7 days. We evaluated differences with 2 × 2 mixed‐model (group‐by‐day) ANOVA.ResultsYounger (19–36 years) individuals had less sedentary time (p = .042), and shorter (p = .048) and fewer (p = .012) bouts than older (37–60 years) individuals. Group home residents had more bouts on weekends than adults living with parent/guardians (p = .015).ConclusionsAdults with DS spent half their waking hours in SB of short bouts. Age and residence may influence SB.
Highlighting and highlighted information in text comprehension and learning from digital reading
Authors: Mason Lucia , Ronconi Angelica , Carretti Barbara , Nardin Sara , Tarchi Christian 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundDigital texts are progressively becoming the medium of learning for students, but research has indicated that students tend to process information more superficially while reading on screen. It is therefore relevant to examine what strategies can support digital text comprehension.ObjectivesThis study aimed to investigate the effects of highlighting—both learner generated and experimenter provided—when reading digitally.MethodsUniversity students (N = 170) were randomly assigned to the condition of learner‐generated highlighting, experimenter‐provided highlighting, or control. Reading outcomes were measured as literal and inferential text comprehension, transfer of knowledge, and metacognitive calibration of comprehension performance at immediate and delayed post‐tests. Individual differences in prior knowledge, cognitive reflection, and reading self‐efficacy were taken into account. The quality of the information highlighted by students in the condition of active highlighting was also measured.ResultsFrom linear mixed‐effects models, the main effect of condition did not emerge for any of the outcomes. However, an interactive effect of condition and cognitive reflection emerged for literal text comprehension that favoured readers in the condition of experimenter‐provided highlighting with higher ability to resist automatic thinking. Inferential text comprehension, transfer of knowledge, and calibration of performance were only predicted by cognitive reflection or reading self‐efficacy. Finally, the quality of information highlighted significantly contributed to students' literal text comprehension and transfer of knowledge in the learner‐generated highlighting condition.TakeawaysActive highlighting is not effective per se during digital reading. The “amplification” effect of already highlighted text and higher cognitive reflection suggests that readers who are more able to resist automatic thinking may also invest more effort in the task, taking more advantage of the provided support. Even if active highlighting may not be effective per se compared to other reading conditions, what students highlight contributes to literal text comprehension and their learning from text.