bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring the effects of dietary lysine and tryptophan on the social behaviour of pigs
Authors: Hewett Eleanor , Zaragoza Luis , Lewis Craig , Houdijk Jos , Wilson Andrea , Turner Simon 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Negative social behaviours between pigs can cause stress, which can compromise welfare. There has been significant interest in exploring the effect of diet on negative social behaviours and the wider social behaviour repertoire of pigs. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of dietary Lysine (Lys) and Tryptophan (Trp) levels on the social behaviour of commercially housed pigs. A total of 2,293 PIC Camborough barrows with a mean starting weight of 11.87 ± 1.35 kg were used in a randomised complete block design with a 2×3 factorial arrangement, with 16 replicates per treatment, of the following factors: 1) Standardised ileal digestible Lys levels: 100% Lys = diets with 100% PIC requirement at the midpoint of the growth phase (Lys 100) vs 80% Lys = diets with 80% PIC requirement at the midpoint of the growth phase (Lys 80); and 2) Trp to Lys ratio of 0.210, 0.185 or 0.160. Pigs were randomly allocated across the 6 treatments over 2 starting dates. Behaviour and lesion data were collected. There was an effect of Lys (P=0.032) on ear biting behaviour, with pigs on the Lys 80 treatments showing a higher level of ear biting behaviour. We also found an effect of the Lys score week interaction on the proportion of pens showing ear lesions (P&lt;0.001) and an effect of the Lys Trp interaction (P=0.030) and the Lys score week interaction (P=0.0104) on the proportion of pens showing severe ear lesions. In conclusion, the lysine content of feed can affect the social behaviour of pigs, specifically ear biting, in commercial conditions.
Screening of insecticides for management of the invasive Oxycarenus hyalinipennis Costa (Hemiptera: Oxycarenidae) population sourced from urban southern California
Authors: Zilnik Gabriel , Hepler James R , Merten Paul , Schutze Inana X , Hoddle Christina D , Hoddle Mark S , Ellsworth Peter C , Brent Colin 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Cotton seed bug, Oxycarenus hyalinipennis (Hemiptera: Oxycarenidae), was discovered in southern California in 2019. Surveys have found it within 160 km of cotton producing areas. While often only a minor pest in its native range, there are justified concerns that O. hyalinipennis could become a major pest of US-grown cotton. To proactively prepare for this possibility, 12 US-registered formulations and 1 experimental formulation were assessed in the laboratory for efficacy against O. hyalinipennis, using both contact and ingestion bioassays. Six formulations, consisting of acephate, dinotefuran, flupyradifurone, and imidacloprid with initial efficacy against O. hyalinipennis were used for subsequent dose-response bioassays. These compounds had LC50 values well below maximum labeled rates, although LC99.9 values often exceeded maximum label rates. Results indicate that if O. hyalinipennis infests cotton production regions, both selective and broad-spectrum options will be available for management. These findings establish a baseline for developing an integrated pest management program that can reduce potential damage from O. hyalinipennis, preserve natural enemies, and contribute to resistance management in cotton production areas.
Severe water stress impact on drought resistance mechanisms and hydraulic vulnerability segmentation in grapevines: the role of rootstock
Authors: Flor L , Toro G , Carriquí M , Buesa I , Sabater A , Medrano H , Escalona J M 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Severe water stress can lead to hydraulic disfunction, reducing plant conductance or even causing death. Some plants exhibit hydraulic vulnerability segmentation between organs to reduce this risk. However, its role in influencing drought tolerance and resistance in grafted plants, such as grapevine, remains unclear.
This study aimed to evaluate the physiological responses, drought tolerance, hydraulic vulnerability segmentation and xylem anatomy of two-year-old Vitis vinifera cv. Tempranillo scion grafted onto two rootstocks: 110-Richter (110R) and Sélection Oppenheim 4 (SO4). After subjecting the plants to drought conditions until the onset of embolism in the leaf (P12), we analysed the physiological consequences during recovery.
Grapevine exhibits hydraulic vulnerability segmentation not only within scion organs but also between the scion and rootstock. Although no differences in scion drought tolerance and embolism resistance were observed between combinations, Tempranillo-110R exhibited higher leaf minimum conductance, leaf P12 values and root biomass. In contrast, Tempranillo-SO4 displayed larger vessel diameter and higher hydraulic conductance. These differences may explain the slower recovery of Tempranillo-110R compared to Tempranillo-SO4, which showed higher stomatal and root-to-stem hydraulic conductance.
These findings suggest that rootstock selection should consider drought resilience alongside vigour and productivity, especially given the increasing the concurrence of severe drought periods due to climate change.
Testing the wavelength dependence of oscillations and granulation in red giants using Kepler and TESS
Authors: Sreenivas K R , Bedding Timothy R , Huber Daniel , Crawford Courtney L , Stello Dennis , Pedersen May G , Li Yaguang , Hey Daniel 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT
Stellar oscillations and granulation in red giants are both powered by convection. Studying the wavelength dependence of their amplitudes can provide useful insights on the driving mechanism. It is also important for plans to carry out asteroseismology with the Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope, which will operate in the near infrared, to check the dependence of oscillations and granulation on the observational wavelength. In this work, we aim to understand how the oscillation and granulation power in red giants depend on the wavelength and study how existing predictions compare with observations. We measure the mean oscillation and granulation power of 279 Kepler red giants, from the power density spectra derived using Kepler Pre-search Data Conditioning Simple Aperture Photometry (PDCSAP) and TESS-SPOC light curves. We find that selection of light curves is important for the study of amplitudes, since different light curve products from TESS show different values of amplitudes. We show that the oscillation and granulation power ratios between TESS and Kepler match the theoretical prediction, confirming that both decrease as we move to redder wavelengths. We also see that the mean ratios of oscillations and granulation agree, suggesting that oscillation and granulation have the same wavelength dependence. We also find that the mean height-to-background ratio for Kepler agrees with previous results and shows good agreement with TESS. These results suggest that the granulation signals would not severely affect the detection of oscillations. We checked the dependence of these ratio between Kepler and TESS on stellar parameters, and see no trends.
Loss of LDOC1 by chromatin compaction in mesenchymal tumor cells is required for PFA1 ependymoma growth
Authors: de Sousa Graziella Ribeiro , Calzadilla Annaliese J , Grimaldo Enrique , Donson Andrew M , Sobral Lays Martin , Jones Kendra M , Liu Tian , Amani Vladimir , Venkataraman Sujatha , Dahl Nathan A , Levy Jean M Mulcahy , Phang Tzu , Vibhakar Rajeev , Hankinson Todd , Handler Michael , Valera Elvis Terci , Foreman Nicholas K , Griesinger Andrea M 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Posterior fossa molecular subtype A (PFA) ependymoma occurs in young children and is the deadliest subtype of pediatric ependymoma. High-risk subtypes with chromosome 1q+ and/or 6q- exhibit significantly poorer outcome compared to wild-type PFA. However, 50% of wild-type PFA patients relapse and there is a high risk of gaining chromosome 1q at recurrence. We previously found constitutively active NF-κB, through loss of LDOC1, led to chronic IL-6 secretion and an overall immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment in the higher risk wild-type PFA ependymoma subset (PFA1).

Methods
In this study, we delineate the mechanistic consequences of LDOC1 loss in PFA1, using our PFA ependymoma in vitro and in vivo models under normoxia and hypoxia conditions.

Results
We noted chromatin compaction by H3K27me3 at the LDOC1 loci results in loss of LDOC1 gene expression. Restoration of LDOC1 was sufficient to reduce proliferation, NF-κB signaling and significant decrease in IL-6 secretion. Furthermore, tumors implanted with LDOC1- transduced cells in vivo were out competed by non-transduced cells, suggesting loss of LDOC1 is required for PFA tumor growth.

Conclusion
These findings shed further light on the biology of PFA1 ependymoma and the role LDOC1 loss has on the tumor and immunobiology of high risk pediatric ependymoma.
Who Reads the Trade Marks Register?
Authors: Burrell Robert , Handler Michael 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This article starts with a question that looks like it has been taken from an introductory legal reasoning class, namely, is coffee a non-alcoholic beverage? It will be seen that from a trade mark perspective there is reason to conclude that coffee is definitely a non-alcoholic beverage in Australia, is definitely not a non-alcoholic beverage under the European trade mark regime and may or may not be such a beverage in the UK. This divergence is itself worthy of attention, given efforts to facilitate cross-border registration using common terminology. More importantly, however, this article argues that the reason why trade mark law struggles with questions of this type is because it has never taken a clear view of the person at whom the trade marks register is aimed—in particular, it has never been clear as to the level of expertise and knowledge of the internal workings of the trade mark system that is to be attributed to the notional reader of the register. This oversight has important implications for matters that someone new to the field might imagine would have been resolved long ago.
Classifiers and Other Grammatical Categories
Authors: Aikhenvald Alexandra Y 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
There may be dependencies between noun categorization devices and other categories: the semantics or form of noun categorization devices may correlate with the choice made in another grammatical category. For instance, there may be fewer noun class distinctions in non-singular numbers than in the singular. The meanings encoded through noun categorization devices in some languages can be realized through different categories in others; for instance, the choice of case marking may depend on the animacy or humanness of the referent even if a language does not have an overt classifier system (see Appendix l).
Quantitative analysis of the molecular gas morphology in nearby disk galaxies
Authors: Yamamoto Takashi , Iono Daisuke , Saito Toshiki , Kuno Nario , Stuber Sophia K , Liu Daizhong , Williams Thomas G 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We present a quantitative and statistical analysis of the molecular gas morphology in 73 nearby galaxies using high spatial resolution CO (J = 2–1) data obtained from the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) by the PHANGS large program. We applied three model-independent parameters: concentration (C), asymmetry (A), and clumpiness (S), which are commonly used to parametrize the optical and infrared morphology of galaxies. We find a clear apparent correlation between A and S, with a Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient of 0.52 with a p-value of $2\times 10^{-6}$. This suggests a higher abundance of molecular clumps (i.e., giant molecular cloud associations) in galaxies that display stronger distortion or biased large-scale molecular gas distribution. In addition, the analysis of the C parameter suggests high central molecular concentration in most barred spiral galaxies investigated in this study. Furthermore, we found a positive correlation between the length of the bar structure ($R_\mathrm{bar}/R_{25}$) and the C parameter, with a Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient of 0.63 with a p-value of $3.8 \times 10^{-5}$, suggesting that a larger bar structure can facilitate overall molecular gas transport and yield a higher central concentration than galaxies with shorter bars. Finally, we offer a possible classification scheme for nearby disk galaxies based on the CAS parameters of molecular gas.
Oscillating wind accretion due to X-ray inhibition of line-driven mechanism
Authors: Karino Shigeyuki 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In a high-mass X-ray binary system with a massive donor, the line-driven stellar wind accretes on to a compact object, emitting X-rays in the process. Ionizing the stellar wind matter using X-rays inhibits its acceleration, leading to changes in wind velocity due to X-ray irradiation from the compact accretor. Since the stellar wind velocity influences mass accretion rate and subsequent X-ray luminosity, the inhibiting effect of X-ray ionization on wind acceleration could potentially impact the mass accretion process. This study investigates the correlation between the accretion rate on a compact object and the acceleration process of stellar wind matter by using a simple model. Results indicate that the mass accretion rate exhibits spontaneous oscillations, causing quasiperiodic flares when considering the ionization of wind matter. Such a feedback process of X-ray ionization on the mass accretion rate could be related to the mechanism of flare production in X-ray binaries.
A myriad of melt inclusions: a 3D analysis of melt inclusions reveals the gas rich magma reservoir of Colli Albani Volcano (Italy)
Authors: Jorgenson Corin , Stuckelberger Michael E , Fevola Giovanni , Falkenberg Gero , Kaiser Tizian , Wilde Fabian , Weber Gregor , Giordano Guido , Caricchi Luca 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Melt inclusions are small parcels of magma trapped in crystals, which hold key information about preeruptive magmatic conditions including volatile content and melt chemistry. We focus here on melt inclusions for a nuanced view of the magmatic pre-eruptive state of Colli Albani, a mafic-alkaline ignimbrite forming system in central Italy. Recent years have seen an increased amount of research surrounding the feasibility of using melt inclusions as tracers of pre-eruptive magma volatile content including, namely the concern about measuring trapped CO2 present in vapour bubbles. Here we present synchrotron 3D tomographic scans of over 2000 melt inclusions from 35 pyroxene and leucite crystals from Colli Albani. We show that incorporating 3D information into melt inclusion geometry calculations allows for the development of a novel classification scheme, which we then use to draw inferences about the pre-eruptive evolution of the plumbing system of Colli Albani. We define six types of melt inclusions based on shape, crystallinity, and the characteristics of their vapour bubble. We also identify a strong variability in melt inclusion type proportions with stratigraphy, which ultimately is a reflection of variation in reservoir residence times, magma ascent rates, and tephra quench rates. Additionally, a large number of melt inclusions have large volume bubbles, suggesting the magma reservoir was bubble bearing at the time of melt inclusion trapping. We suggest this is essential to prepare the eruption of large volumes of the low viscosity magma at Colli Albani.
Mock maass forms revisited
Authors: Li Yingkun , Roehrig ChristinA 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT
In this paper, we use theta integrals to give a different construction of mock Maass forms studied by Sander Zwegers. Using this method, we construct new real-analytic modular forms, whose Fourier coefficients are logarithms of algebraic numbers in a real quadratic field.
Circadian phase in high school students: Weekday-weekend shifts and relationships to other sleep/circadian characteristics
Authors: Hasler Brant P , Oryshkewych Nina , Wallace Meredith L , Clark Duncan B , Siegle Greg J , Buysse Daniel L 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Study Objectives
In a sample of high school students, (1) to characterize within-person changes in sleep and circadian characteristics from school nights to weekend nights, (2) to examine whether later circadian phase relates to weekday-weekend changes in sleep/circadian characteristics, and (3) to examine correlations between biological and proxy measures of circadian phase.

Methods
Sample included 95 high school students reporting at least one drink of alcohol in their lifetime. Participants completed baseline self-report measures, wrist actigraphy for 8 days, and two overnight laboratory visits (Thursday and Sunday) for salivary melatonin sample collection. Circadian phase was calculated as the dim light melatonin onset (DLMO; 4 pg/mL threshold). Proxy circadian phase measures included the Composite Scale of Morningness (CSM), Munich Chronotype Questionnaire (MCTQ), and actigraphy-based midsleep.

Results
Other than nap duration, all examined actigraphy-based sleep characteristics, DLMO, and DLMO-sleep phase angles showed weekday-weekend differences (adjusted p-values &lt;0.05). Later mean DLMO was associated with larger weekday-weekend changes in total sleep time (b=0.39, padjusted=0.010). CSM and actigraphy-based midsleep showed small-to-moderate (rho=~0.3) and moderate (rho=~0.5) correlations with DLMO, respectively, but chronotype based on the MCTQ was not correlated with DLMO.

Conclusions
In the largest published sample to date, circadian phase substantially shifted from the school week to weekend, underscoring the “social jetlag” imposed by early school start times. Similarly, teens with the latest circadian phase exhibited the greatest weekend catch-up sleep. Finally, perhaps due to the instability of circadian phase in this context, self-reported proxies for circadian timing were poor approximations of biological circadian phase.
Ontogenetic development of ponto-geniculo-occipital waves during paradoxical sleep in kittens
Authors: Gao Jin-Xian , Wang Xiao-Bo , Ren Yan-Li , Huang Qin-Lei , Chu Wei-Wei , Xie Jun-Fan , Xie Yu-Ping , Spruyt Karen , Shao Yu-Feng , Hou Yi-Ping 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Study objectives
Ponto-geniculo-occipital (PGO) waves are a hallmark feature of paradoxical sleep (PS), emerging just before PS onset during the transition from slow wave sleep (SWS) to PS (TSWS-PS) and persisting throughout the PS phase in adult cats. These waves are considered a biomarker for the maturation of PS. However, their developmental trajectory in mammals remains poorly understood. This study investigated the emergence and maturation of PGO waves during PS in developing kittens.

Methods
Electrodes were stereotaxically implanted into the lateral geniculate nucleus, accurately localized using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Recording included cortical electroencephalogram, nuchal muscle activity, PGO waves and rapid eye movements (REMs).

Results
Despite the presence of abundant PS and frequent muscle twitches accompanied by REMs in neonatal kittens, PGO spikes were first detected at postnatal day (PND) 16, with an average onset at PND 19. Initially, these waves appeared with lower density and amplitude during the TSWS-PS and PS phases. Over the following weeks, PGO wave density and amplitude increased, along with prolonged durations during both TSWS-PS and PS. Type I waves (singlet and bigeminy) predominated during TSWS-PS, while type II waves (clusters) were more frequent during PS. The proportion of type II waves and their co-occurrence with REMs increased with age. The adult-like pattern of PGO waves was fully established by PND 50.

Conclusions
The emergence and maturation of PGO waves during PS are closely linked to the development of the sleep-wake cycle and may play a role in learning and memory processes.
Dam break in Japan’s immigration policy: the 2018 reform in a long-term perspective
Authors: Chiavacci David 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The 2018 reform is a dam break in Japan’s immigration policy. Previously, for decades, the opening of the Japanese labour market for lower-qualified foreign workers was discussed without any comprehensive reform despite far-reaching proposals. This article discusses this change from a persistent standstill to comprehensive reform by analysing comparatively the frames and institutional setting in earlier immigration debates around 1970, around 1990, and around 2005 with the debate in the late 2010s. It argues that the persistent stalemate on the most hotly debated issue of immigration policy was due to the diversity of frames with very different policy implications and an institutional fragmentation in policy-making without any pivotal policy entrepreneur. The comprehensive reform of 2018 is the result of a window of opportunity by the conjuncture of a declining security frame as the main counterargument and by the centralization of decision-making in the core executive in the later years of the second term of Prime Minister Abe Shinzō (2012–20) on the level of institutional setting. Abe and his entourage were reluctant policy entrepreneurs who only realized the 2018 reform because of pressure and the absence of any other policy option. Still, they fundamentally changed the framework in Japanese immigration policy.
Mother’s late return home from work, family relationship, and locus of control of children: evidence from Japanese adolescents
Authors: Seki Mai , Shoji Masahiro , Yamasaki Izumi 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
While previous studies have examined the link between maternal employment status and child development, the results remain inconclusive, and the underlying mechanisms are not yet well understood. A potential explanation for the mixed findings is the omission of mothers’ return home time from work, a factor that has yet to be tested in the literature. To address this gap, this study examines the relationship between mothers’ time of returning home and their children’s locus of control using a nationwide child–parent survey in Japan. The results of the entropy balancing method demonstrate that the daughters of mothers who return after 7 p.m. are more likely to believe that they lack control over their life outcomes, whereas this effect is not observed for mothers who return home by 7 p.m. This relationship is mediated by the deterioration of family relationships. Consistent with prior research, the negative association is more pronounced in households with higher socioeconomic status, while it is mitigated when fathers return home early or when children cohabit with their grandparents, highlighting the importance of caregiving by all family members. Given the increasing number of married women in full-time and managerial positions and the diffusion of teleworking, these findings are relevant for policymakers.