bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficient waveform inversion and imaging: A strategy for selecting temporal frequencies
Authors: Sirgue Laurent , Pratt R. Gerhard 
Published: January 2004

Prestack migration and/or inversion may be implemented in either the time or the frequency domain. In the frequency domain, it is possible to discretize the frequencies with a much larger sampling interval than that dictated by the sampling theorem and still obtain an imaging result that does not suffer from aliasing (wrap around) in the depth domain. The selection of input frequencies can be reduced when a range of offsets is available; this creates a redundancy of information in the wavenumber coverage of the target. In order to optimize the use of this information, we define a new discretization strategy that depends on the maximum effective offset present in the surface seismic survey: the larger the range of offsets, the fewer frequencies are required.The strategy, exact in a homogeneous 1D earth, selects frequencies by making use of the well‐known effect of image stretch in normal‐moveout (NMO) correction and in migration (usually considered detrimental for the imaging). The strategy is also useful in more general earth models: we apply it to the 2D Marmousi model and recover a continuous range of wavenumbers using only three input frequencies. The Marmousi inversion result accurately predicts all other data frequencies, demonstrating the redundancy of the data.
The development of tolerance to Clostridium perfringens type D o-toxin in MDCK and G-402 cells
Authors: Beal Dominic R , Titball Richard W , Lindsay Christopher D 
Published: January 2004

The epithelial Madin Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cell line, Caucasian renal leiomyoblastoma (G-402) cells, human small airways epithelial (HSAE) cells, human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells and human renal proximal tubule (HRPT) epithelial cells were examined for sensitivity to Clostridium perfringens biotype D o-toxin. MDCK and G-402 cells were confirmed as being the only established cell lines that are sensitive to the toxin. HSAE, HBE and HRPT epithelial cells were only found to be sensitive to the toxin at concentrations of -1 mg/ mL. Cultures of MDCK and G-402 cells, with increased resistance (tolerance) to the cytotoxic effects of o-toxin, were developed by exposing these cultures to progressively higher concentrations of toxin. The greatest relative increase in tolerance to o-toxin was developed in MDCK cells, in which the LC50 in control cultures was 2mg/mL as determined by the MTS/PMS assay system; after selection for tolerance, this was raised to 100 mg/mL. This represents a 50-fold increase in tolerance as measured by this index. Using G-402 cells, it was possible to increase the LC50 by twofold from 290 to 590 mg/mL. Subsequent 2-D electrophoresis of membrane preparations from tolerant and control MDCK cells revealed that the expression of a discrete group of proteins found in control cells with a range of molecular weights from 32–36 kDa, all with acidic isoelectric points (IEPs), were either not expressed in o-toxin tolerant cells or had undergone a shift in IEP to a more alkaline pH in tolerant cells. This suggests that o-toxin lethality in MDCK cells may be mediated by membrane-located proteins. Their absence or alteration in toxin-resistant cells would, at least partly, explain the failure of most cell lines to demonstrate sensitivity to this toxin, despite being derived from tissues that are damaged by o-toxin. This approach may have utility in the study of other toxin / cell interactions and could be used in the development of novel medical countermeasures by identifying cellular targets which mediate toxin lethality.
Language activation in monozygotic twins discordant for schizophrenia
Authors: Sommer Iris E. C. , Ramsey Nick F. , Mandl René C. W. , Van Oel Clarine J. , Kahn René S. 
Published: January 2004

BackgroundIn previous functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies, participants with schizophrenia showed decreased language lateralisation, resulting from increased activation of the right hemisphere compared with controls.AimTo determine whether decreased lateralisation and increased right cerebral language activation constitute genetic predispositions for schizophrenia.MethodLanguage activation was measured using fMRI in 12 right-handed monozygotic twin pairs discordant for schizophrenia and 12 healthy right-handed monozygotic twin pairs who were matched for gender, age and education.ResultsLanguage lateralisation was decreased in discordant twin pairs compared with the healthy twin pairs. The groups did not differ in activation of the language-related areas of the left hemisphere, but language-related activation in the right hemisphere was significantly higher in the discordant twin pairs than in the healthy pairs. Within the discordant twin pairs, language lateralisation was not significantly different between patients with schizophrenia and their co-twins.ConclusionsDecreased language lateralisation may constitute a genetic predisposition for schizophrenia.
Contextual Assessment of the Maternity Experience: development of an instrument for cross-cultural research
Authors: Bernazzani Odette , Conroy Sue , Marks Maureen N. , Siddle Kathryn A. , Guedeney Nicole , Bifulco Antonia , Asten Paul , Figueiredo Barbara , Gorman Laura L. , Bellini Simona , Glatigny-Dallay Elisabeth , Hayes Sandra , Klier Claudia M. , Kammerer Martin H. , Henshaw Carol A. ,   TCS–PND Group
Published: January 2004

BackgroundThere is evidence that stressors may trigger the onset of a depressive episode in vulnerable women. A new UK interview measure, the Contextual Assessment of the Maternity Experience (CAME), was designed to assess major risk factors for emotional disturbances, especially depression, during pregnancy and post-partum.AimsWithin the context of a cros-scultural study, to establish the use fulness of the CAME, and to test expected associations of the measure with characteristics of the social context and with major or minor depression.MethodThe CAME was administered antenatally and postnatally in ten study sites, respectively to 296 and 249 women. Affective disorder throughout pregnancy and upto 6 month spostnatally was assessed by means of the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM–IV Axis I Disorders.ResultsAdversity, poor relationship with either a partner or a confidant, and negative feelings about the pregnancy all predicted onset of depression during the perinatal period.ConclusionsThe CAME was able to assess major domains relevant to the psychosocial context of the maternity experience in different cultures. Overall, the instrument showed acceptable psychometric properties in its first use in different cultural settings.
Surveillance of Duodenal Adenomas in Familial Adenomatous Polyposis Reveals High Cumulative Risk of Advanced Disease
Authors: Saurin Jean-Christophe , Gutknecht Christelle , Napoleon Bertrand , Chavaillon Annick , Ecochard René , Scoazec Jean-Yves , Ponchon Thierry , Chayvialle Jean-Alain 
Published: January 2004

PurposeThe development of high-grade dysplasia (HGD) on duodenal or jejunal adenomas and of late-stage (stage IV) duodenal polyposis are major clinical events for familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) patients. Our aim was to determine their respective frequency, risk factors, and cumulative risk.Patients and MethodsA prospective, optimized, endoscopic surveillance protocol was applied to 58 FAP patients in a university hospital. The number, size, and histology of duodenojejunal polyps were assessed, and the Spigelman’s score was calculated at each endoscopy. Cox regression and linear regression analysis were used to determine risk factors for HGD development and the cumulative risk of stage IV duodenal polyposis, respectively.ResultsDuring a median (± standard deviation) follow-up of 47.9 ± 15.6 months, 35 patients with at least two consecutive examinations had 107 duodenojejunal examinations. The Spigelman’s score increased in 21 patients (60.0%), and HGD developed in 12 patients (34.2%). High initial Spigelman’s score (> 7 points), but not age or APC mutation site, was a risk factor for HGD development. Estimated cumulative risk of developing stage IV duodenal polyposis was of 42.9% at age 60 (95% CI, 35.7% to 50.0%) and 50.0% at age 70 (95% CI, 42.9% to 57.1%).ConclusionThis prospective series shows a higher duodenal polyposis progression rate and cumulative risk of late-stage (stage IV) duodenal polyposis in FAP patients compared with previous series. These results suggest that current modalities for surveillance and management of these patients need revision.
Effect of Duration of Treatment on Treatment Outcome for Patients With Clear-Cell Sarcoma of the Kidney: A Report From the National Wilms' Tumor Study Group
Authors: Seibel Nita L. , Li Sierra , Breslow Norman E. , Beckwith J. Bruce , Green Daniel M. , Haase Gerald M. , Ritchey Michael L. , Thomas Patrick R.M. , Grundy Paul E. , Finklestein Jerry Z. , Kim Tae , Shochat Stephen J. , Kelalis Panayotis P. , D'Angio Giulio J. 
Published: January 2004

Purpose To evaluate the effect of conventional and standard (ST) versus pulse-intensive (PI) chemotherapy and short-duration versus long-duration chemotherapy on relapse-free survival (RFS) and overall survival rates of patients with clear-cell sarcoma of the kidney (CCSK) entered onto the National Wilms' Tumor Study (NWTS)-4. Patients and Methods The 5-year and 8-year RFS rates were determined for patients with CCSK treated on the NWTS-4. After August 6, 1986, 40 previously untreated children younger than 16 years with CCSK were randomly assigned, after the completion of 6 months of chemotherapy, to discontinue (short) or continue 9 additional months (long) of treatment with chemotherapy regimens that included vincristine and either divided-dose (ST) courses (5 days) or single-dose (PI) treatment with dactinomycin and divided-dose (ST) courses (3 days) or single-dose (PI) treatment with doxorubicin. Results For patients with CCSK, the 5- and 8-year RFS rates were 65.2% and 60.6%, respectively, for patients randomly assigned to the short chemotherapy and 87.8% (both 5- and 8-year RFS) for patients randomly assigned to the long chemotherapy (P = .08). The overall survival rates for patients at 5 and 8 years were 95.5% and 85.9%, respectively, for the short chemotherapy and 87.5% (both 5- and 8-year overall survival) for the long chemotherapy (P = .99). In NWTS-4, the overall survival rates for patients with CCSK improved from NWTS-3 (83% v 66.9% at 8 years, respectively; P < .01). Conclusion CCSK patients exhibit an improved RFS from a longer course of therapy when using vincristine, doxorubicin, and dactinomycin, but their long-term survival is unchanged compared with patients receiving 6 months of therapy. The overall survival rates for patients with CCSK have improved from NWTS-3.
Combination of Cytology, Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization for Aneuploidy, and Reverse-Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction for Human Mammaglobin/Mammaglobin B Expression Improves Diagnosis of Malignant Effusions
Authors: Fiegl Michael , Haun Margot , Massoner Anita , Krugmann Jens , Müller-Holzner Elisabeth , Hack Rene , Hilbe Wolfgang , Marth Christian , Duba Hans-Christoph , Gastl Günther , Grünewald Kurt 
Published: January 2004

Purpose The identification of malignant cells in effusions by conventional cytology is hampered by its limited sensitivity. The aim of this study was to improve tumor cell detection in effusions by molecular approaches. Materials and Methods A total of 157 effusions from patients with tumors and 72 effusions from patients without a history or evidence of malignancy were included in this study. All effusion specimens were evaluated in parallel by cytology, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) for aneuploidy, and reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for expression of human mammaglobin (hMAM) and mammaglobin B (hMAM-B). Results In effusions from patients with tumors, the sensitivities of tumor cell detection by cytology, FISH, and hMAM and hMAM-B detection were 46.2%, 53.3%, 36.4%, and 57.7%, respectively. The corresponding specificities were 94.4%, 97.0%, 87.1%, and 88.6%. Notably, a high percentage of effusions containing malignant cells were in fact transudates, indicating the necessity for molecular diagnostic work-up of transudates collected from patients with tumors. Dependent on the tumor type, the use of appropriate marker combinations improved tumor cell detection in effusions significantly. By combining all four diagnostic tests, a positive test result indicating the presence of malignancy was achieved in 81.1%, with a fairly good specificity of 70.1%. Conclusion Molecular techniques are definitely useful to detect malignancy in cytologically negative effusions. Tumor cell detection in effusions can be significantly improved by FISH and PCR techniques applying appropriate molecular markers. This finding should help to improve tumor staging, prognostic assessment, and treatment monitoring.
Relapse-Free and Overall Survival in Patients With Pathologic Stage II Nonseminomatous Germ Cell Cancer Treated With Etoposide and Cisplatin Adjuvant Chemotherapy
Authors: Kondagunta G. Varuni , Sheinfeld Joel , Mazumdar Madhu , Mariani Tania V. , Bajorin Dean , Bacik Jennifer , Bosl George J. , Motzer Robert J. 
Published: January 2004

Purpose To assess the long-term relapse-free survival and overall survival of patients with stage II nonseminomatous germ cell tumor (NSGCT) who received two cycles of adjuvant etoposide and cisplatin (EP) after primary retroperitoneal lymph node dissection. Patients and Methods Eighty-seven patients with completely resected pathologic stage II NSGCT were treated with adjuvant EP chemotherapy. Adjuvant EP consisted of two cycles of etoposide (100 mg/m2) plus cisplatin (20 mg/m2) per day, administered days 1 to 5 at a 21-day interval. Results Ten patients (11%) had pN1 disease, 73 (84%) had pN2 disease, and four (5%) had pN3 disease. Eighty-six patients received two cycles of EP, and one patient received an additional two cycles of EP after a transient marker increase after his first cycle. Eighty-seven patients are alive, and 86 patients (99%) remain relapse-free at a median follow-up of 8 years (range, 0.9 to 13.5 years). Conclusion Two cycles of adjuvant EP is highly effective in preventing relapse in patients with pathologic stage II pN1 and pN2 NSGCT. An alternative treatment strategy is surveillance with full-course chemotherapy at relapse. Because there is a higher risk of relapse for patients with pN2 disease, these patients are offered adjuvant chemotherapy.
Functional characterization of active transport of progesterone to adrenal cells
Authors: Ogihara Takuo , Matsumoto Shigeki , Ohnishi Shuhei 
Published: January 2004

Abstract
The characterization of the transport mechanism of progesterone, which is one of the neutral steroids in the adrenal cells, has been studied by the examination of progesterone uptake into the monolayers of SW-13 cells (a human adrenal adenocarcinoma cell line). The uptake of [3H]progesterone at a tracer concentration (1 nM) exhibited temperature, pH and sodium dependency. According to kinetic analysis of the concentration dependence, the uptake of progesterone involves saturable and non-saturable processes. The uptake for the saturable process, which gave Kt values (half-saturation concentration) of 4.7 ± 8.7 μM, was inhibited by metabolic inhibitors and amino-acid modifiers but not by endocytosis inhibitors or substrates for known transporters. The uptake of progesterone was also inhibited by several neutral steroids but not by anionic steroids. The inhibition by both β-estradiol and estriol was competitive. The uptake of progesterone by the adrenal cells might be at least partially accounted for by a specific carrier-mediated transport mechanism generated by sodium ions and an electrochemical mechanism.
Quantitative characterization of direct P-glycoprotein inhibition by St John's wort constituents hypericin and hyperforin
Authors: Wang Er-jia , Barecki-Roach Mary , Johnson William W 
Published: January 2004

Abstract
The ATP-binding cassette transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp) exerts a critical role in the systemic disposition of, and exposure to, lipophilic and amphipathic drugs, carcinogens, toxins and other xenobiotics. The ability of P-gp to transfer a wide variety of structurally unrelated compounds from the cell interior across the membrane bilayer remains intriguing. Since natural product chemicals in the widely consumed St John's wort appear to exert antidepressant effects by an unknown mechanism, the constituents are frequently studied for interactions with various biomacromolecules as well as cytotoxins or isolated cells. The drug interactions caused by this widely used herbal remedy are under-appreciated. Various clinical interactions have been observed upon the co-administration of St John's wort, and P-gp and CYP3A4 have been indicted as the cause. We characterized several St John's wort constituents for their interaction with P-gp and their specific effects on the P-gp export activity of several marker substrates. Two of these constituents, hyperforin and hypericin, inhibit the active efflux of the fluorescent markers daunorubicin (IC50 ˜ 30 μM) and calcein-AM. Herein, we show in-vitro results that can both explain the competing clinical observations of initial elevated exposure of P-gp substrate drugs (P-gp inhibition) followed by under-exposure (P-gp induction) when St John's wort is co-administered, and provide a further warning against unchecked co-administration of drugs with St John's wort.
Anti-diabetic activity of Zingiber officinale in streptozotocin-induced type I diabetic rats
Authors: Akhani Sanjay P , Vishwakarma Santosh L , Goyal Ramesh K 
Published: January 2004

Abstract
The fresh and dried rhizome of Zingiber officinale Roscoe (commonly known as ginger) is widely used in traditional medicine. We have studied the effect of the juice of Z. officinale (4 mL kg−1, p.o. daily) for 6 weeks on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type I diabetic rats with particular reference to the involvement of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT) receptors in glycaemic control. In normoglycaemic rats, 5-HT (1 mg kg−1, i.p.) produced hyperglycaemia and hypoinsulinaemia, which was significantly prevented by the juice of Z. officinale. STZ-diabetes produced a significant increase in fasting glucose levels that was associated with a significant decrease in serum insulin levels. Treatment with Z. officinale produced a significant increase in insulin levels and a decrease in fasting glucose levels in diabetic rats. In an oral glucose tolerance test, treatment with Z. officinale was found to decrease significantly the area under the curve of glucose and to increase the area under the curve of insulin in STZ-diabetic rats. Treatment with Z. officinale also caused a decrease in serum cholesterol, serum triglyceride and blood pressure in diabetic rats. Our data suggest a potential antidiabetic activity of the juice of Z. officinale in type I diabetic rats, possibly involving 5-HT receptors.
Sonodynamic antitumour effect of chloroaluminum phthalocyanine tetrasulfonate on murine solid tumour
Authors: Yumita Nagahiko , Umemura Shin-ichiro 
Published: January 2004

Abstract
The sonodynamically induced antitumour effect of chloroaluminum phthalocyanine tetrasulfonate (AlPcTS) was evaluated on subcutaneously implanted colon 26 carcinoma. A time of 24h after the administration of AlPcTS was chosen for the ultrasonic exposure, based on the analysis of the AlPcTS concentrations in the tumour, plasma, skin and muscle. The pharmacokinetic analysis showed much faster clearance of AlPcTS than photofrin II from the body, which can be an advantage in view of their potential adverse effects. At an AlPcTS dose not less than 2.5 mg kg−1 and at a free-field ultrasonic intensity not less than 3 W cm−2, the synergistic effect between AlPcTS administration and ultrasonic exposure on the tumour growth inhibition was significant. The ultrasonic intensity showed a relatively sharp threshold for the synergistic antitumour effect, which is typical for an ultrasonic effect mediated by acoustic cavitation. These results suggest that AlPcTS is a potential sonosensitizer for sonodynamic treatment of solid tumours.
Loperamide modifies the tissue disposition kinetics of ivermectin in rats
Authors: Lifschitz Adrian L , Virkel Guillermo L , Sallovitz Juan M , Pis Alejandra , Imperiale Fernanda A , Lanusse Carlos E 
Published: January 2004

Abstract
Ivermectin (IVM) is a broad-spectrum antiparasitic drug extensively used in human and veterinary medicine that is largely excreted in bile and faeces. Loperamide (LPM) is an opioid derivative that reduces gastrointestinal secretions and motility. Both IVM and LPM have been reported to act as P-glycoprotein substrates (P-GP). The goal of the present work was to study the LPM-induced modifications to the pattern of tissue distribution for IVM. Thirty-six Wistar male rats were randomly allocated to two groups (n = 18) and treated subcutaneously with IVM alone or co-administered with LPM. Rats were killed at different times post-treatment and samples (blood and tissues) were collected and analyzed by HPLC. The presence of LPM induced a marked enhancement in the IVM plasma concentrations, resulting in a significantly higher area under concentration time curve (AUC) value (P &lt; 0.01) than that obtained after the administration of IVM alone. Significantly higher IVM availabilities in the liver tissue and small intestine wall (P &lt; 0.05) were obtained in the presence of LPM. There were no statistically significant differences in drug availability in the large intestinal wall after both treatments. However, LPM induced a marked decrease in the amount of IVM recovered in the large intestinal lumen content. The ratio between IVM concentrations in the large intestinal luminal content and plasma at day 1 post-treatment was 4.64-fold higher in the absence of LPM. The delayed intestinal transit time caused by LPM accounting for an extended plasma–intestine recycling time, and a potential competition between IVM and LPM for the P-GP-mediated bile–intestinal secretion processes, may account for the enhanced IVM systemic availability reported in the current study.