bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seasonal Patterns in Food Consumption in the Later Middle Ages
Authors: Dyer C C 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Historians have rightly focused their attention on the fluctuations in supplies of food, and especially grain, from year to year. They have also highlighted the long-term shifts, such as the rise of meat consumption in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, which has been discussed in earlier chapters. This chapter, while taking note of movements over long periods of time, is mainly concerned with seasonal changes, because these were an important dimension of people’s experience of eating and drinking. The questions to be addressed here are how and why did medieval diet vary through the year? In order to proceed from the known to the less well documented, the questions will first be answered in relation to aristocratic households, and then for the remainder of society. Throughout society explanations will be partly functional and economic, as food supplies were affected by the weather, the cycle of growth (for crops) and reproduction (for animals and birds), and storage and distribution of commodities. We must also take into account cultural factors, as religious and family calendars had their impact on diet, and consumers’ preferences.
Medieval Diet and Demography
Authors: Schofield P R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
There is no simple and straightforward association to be made for the Middle Ages between diet and demographic behaviour. We can and do risk certain assumptions regarding this relationship, however. These assumptions include correlations between the behaviour of population and the overall availability of food, and the consequences for demography and health of limited food availability, in terms of quantity and also of range and quality. We might also argue, with some justification, that large-scale population movements were not occasioned by diet. Background mortality and crisis mortality, the consequences of endemic and epidemic disease, may have had significantly greater roles to play in the demographic history of the period.
Mother Leakey and the Bishop
Authors: Marshall Peter 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Halloween 1636: sightings of the ghost of an old woman begin to be reported in the small English coastal town of Minehead, and a royal commission is sent to investigate. December 1640: a disgraced Protestant bishop is hanged in the Irish capital, Dublin, after being convicted of an 'unspeakable' crime. In this remarkable piece of historical detective work, Peter Marshall sets out to uncover the intriguing links between these two seemingly unconnected events. The result is a compelling tale of dark family secrets, of efforts to suppress them, and of the ways in which they finally come to light. It is also the story of a shocking seventeenth-century Church scandal which cast its shadow over religion and politics in Britain and Ireland for the best part of three centuries, drawing in a host of well known and not-so-well-known characters along the way, including Jonathan Swift, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, and Walter Scott. A fascinating story in its own right, Mother Leakey and the Bishop is also a sparkling demonstration of how the telling of stories is central to the way we remember the past, and can become part of the fabric of history itself.
The World of the Leakeys
Authors: Marshall Peter 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In February 1637, three important and powerful men sat and listened to the tale you have just read, or to something very similar, and decided that they did not believe a word of it. There was a ghost story, but there had been no actual ghost: ‘we are yet of opinion and do believe that there was never any apparition at all, but that it is an imposture, devise, and fraud for some particular ends, but what they are we know not
It had been a long and not entirely.
Interlude: A Hanging in Dublin
Authors: Marshall Peter 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
December 1640, a cold Saturday morning in the city of Dublin, the grandest place in King Charles I’s other kingdom of Ireland. A coach is making its way slowly through unusually crowded streets, from the seat of government at Dublin Castle to the common ground of Oxmantown Green on the north side of the River LiVey, a place where the citizens of Dublin are accustomed ‘to walk and take the open air’. There is no such innocent recreation today, however: the people milling around the open spaces to the rear of St Michan’s church are starting to congregate around a scaVold which has been erected there, and they have come to see a man lose his life upon it. In Ireland as in England, hangings are common enough things. But this particular expression of the judicial severity of the state has turned into a momentous civic event. In the vicinity of Dublin Castle, a single bell, a passing-bell, tolls from the tower of the cathedral church of the Holy Trinity, commonly called Christ Church. At this eloquent signal, we are told, ‘the whole town and castle so thronged, as was never the like seen, that if there had not been a coach allowed him, it would have been impossible to have gone through’.
The Shameful End of Bishop Atherton
Authors: Marshall Peter 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
detestable and abominable sin, amongst Christians not to be named, committed by carnal knowledge against the ordinance of the creator, and order of nature. ‘ This was how the eminent English jurist, one-time attorney-general, and scourge of the Gunpowder Plotters, Sir Edward Coke, described the crime of ‘buggery or sodomy ‘. He went on to deWne the act as involving ‘penetratio, that is, res in re [thing in thing], either with mankind, or with beast ‘. It was for this most heinous of moral oVences that John Atherton was tried, convicted, and executed in the last months of 1640.
Interlude: In a London CoVee House
Authors: Marshall Peter 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
January 1710, a brisk Thursday afternoon among the clientele of Slaughter’s CoVee House in St Martin’s Lane near Covent Garden—a mixed bag of gentlemen, clerks, merchants, artisans, and artists. Around the wooden tables at which the patrons sit in lively groups, bewigged and hatted, the air is thick with tobacco fumes, the acrid scent of bitter coVee, and intermittently loud political argument. Some have come in to enjoy a warm dish of coVee or glass of port, in respite from the chill January air; others to indulge a competitive passion for the game of chess. But here, as at nearly all of the hundreds of coVee houses scattered throughout the city, the main business is the circulation of news, and a chance to consult the periodicals, pamphlets, and journals which the proprietor makes freely available to all those paying their penny entrance fee.
Youth
Authors: Karaka Pita , Brace Hugh 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
My father died when I was 3 and my aunt—Roy’s mother—persuaded my mother to come back to live in south Wales with her two daughters. My sister was 18 months older than I and every time she was ill— measles, scarlet fever, shingles, or whatever—I was packed off to live with my aunt. The stays became increasingly frequent and long. My mother died when I was 17, and I then went to live with my aunt and uncle entirely, until I left Wales at the age of 21.I was 5 ½ years older than Roy,who was an only child, so I was more elder sister than cousin.
What ‘s in a Wall?
Authors: Goldhill Simon 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
There are few images as powerful in contemporary political consciousness as the fall of the Berlin Wall. The image is deeply evocative not merely because it heralded an extraordinary change in political order in Germany and in Europe in general, but also because it required a realignment of self-definition. Without the Cold War, without communism to fight, America and NATO needed new enemies against whom home values could be defined. Germans needed to rethink what national unity might mean in practical and ideological terms. European countries needed to articulate a new set of relations, marked still by the inheritance of the Second World War as much as by the years of the communist regimes. The remarkable scenes of joy and liberation at the dismantling of the wall (which for those outside Berlin appeared, so surprisingly, on television) developed also into political and social anxiety, as the work of finding a new sense of self in the integrated Germany proved more difficult and prolonged than had been hoped at the outset of the brave new world.
Context and Unrestricted Quantification
Authors: Glanzberg Michael 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Quantification is haunted by the specter of paradoxes. Since Russell, it has been a persistent idea that the paradoxes show what might have appeared to be absolutely unrestricted quantification to be somehow restricted. In the contemporary literature, this theme is taken up by Dummett (1973, 1993) and Parsons (1974a,b). Parsons, in particular, argues that both the Liar and Russell’s paradoxes are to be resolved by construing apparently absolutely unrestricted quantifiers as appropriately restricted. Building on Parsons’ work, I have advocated a contextualist version of the view that there is no absolutely unrestricted quantification (Glanzberg 2001, 2004a,b).
Something About Everything: Universal Quantification in the Universal Sense of Universal Quantification
Authors: Lavine Shaughan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Some simple metaphysical truths apparently cannot be expressed without the notion of everything, a notion that therefore seems indispensable. It is often argued that the notion inevitably leads to paradox and must therefore be avoided. McGee has highlighted arguments by Quine and Putnam that are fruitfully understood as arguments that there is no coherent notion of everything, arguments not based on the claim of paradoxicality, a claim he does not take to be central.
Unrestricted Unrestricted quantification: The Cardinal Problem of Absolute Generality
Authors: Uzquiano Gabriel 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Philosophical inquiry abounds with putative examples of absolute generalizations. When a philosopher utters the sentence ‘There are no merely possible objects’;, we generally take the domain of her inquiry to be absolutely unrestricted. And yet, it remains highly controversial whether we should take the appearance of absolute generality of such utterances at face value. Some have casted doubt upon the implicit assumption that there is an all-inclusive domain to begin with.
from fringe politics to the seizure of power
Authors: Fritzsche Peter 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
On the night of 30 January 1933, thousands of members of the National Socialist German Workers’ Party (NSDAP) crowded the streets of Berlin and marched past government buildings in the city centre where they were greeted by the new chancellor, Adolf Hitler, and the president of the Reich, Paul von Hindenburg, who that afternoon had agreed to Hitler’s appointment after three years of mounting political instability.
The economic history of the Nazi regime
Authors: Tooze Adam 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
What is the relevance of economic history to understanding the Third Reich? It is tempting to think of National Socialism as an anti-economic, purely political phenomenon. Hitler and his Nazi orators never ceased extolling the disinterested idealism of their movement. The ability of human will-power to overcome any material obstacle was one of the most cherished tenets of Nazi ideology. And Nazism’s central objective, the prosecution of racial war, appears to lack any obvious economic rationale. The same cannot be said, of course, for Hitler’s pursuit of Lebensraum (living-space).
Body and Narrative in Contemporary Literatures in German
Authors: Müller Herta , Moníková Libuše , Hensel Kerstin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This book examines the relationship between representations of the body and narrative strategies in the work of three contemporary women writers from the former Eastern Bloc countries: Herta Müller, an ethnic German from Romania; Libuse Moníková, who emigrated from Czechoslovakia to West Germany and chose to write in German; and Kerstin Hensel, from the GDR. Marven shows how the content and form of their works are interlinked, and how these challenge the hegemonic discourses within repressive socialist regimes. The introduction contextualizes the writers' socially, culturally, and historically, and outlines the theoretical basis of the approach, drawing on psychoanalysis, performativity theory, and feminist critical theory. Chapters on the individual authors offer new interpretations of the writers' works, focusing on the structures of trauma (in Müller's work), hysteria (in Moníková's) and the grotesque (in Hensel's). The images of the body analysed in the first half of each chapter show the effects of violence; challenge the understanding of the body as natural or authentic; and raise questions about identity and gender. The analysis in the second half of each chapter covers a range of formal features, from the fantastic and collage, through parody and intertextuality, to irony, plot, and story telling. The book also traces developments in the work of all three authors, taking account of the historical changes in the Eastern Bloc countries since 1989. Body and Narrative in Contemporary Literatures in German will be valuable for anyone researching contemporary German literatures, as well as those interested in feminist theory, minority literatures, and trauma.
Introduction: ‘Dass Dies Der Osten Ist was Im Kopf Night Aufhört’
Authors: Müller Herta , Moníková Libuše , Hensel Kerstin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Two substantial developments have affected German literature in the recent past, bringing with them a need to redefine the idea of a national literature in order to recognize the many and varied forms of writing in German and within Germany. The rise to prominence of a multiplicity of ‘other’ literatures in German has coincided with the demise of the GDR, which was viewed for so long as the source of the other German literature. This book considers the relationship between representations of the body and narrative strategies in the work of three women writers from former Eastern Bloc countries who write in German, and whose writing forms part of what one might broadly term ‘literatures in German’: Herta Muller, born in the Banat, Romania, in 1953; Libuse Monikova (1945-98), born in Prague; and Kerstin Hensel, born 1961 in Karl-Marx-Stadt (Chemnitz), in the GDR. Bringing together these particular three authors highlights their common experience of the repressive socialist regimes of the Eastern Bloc. This is an experience predicated on the state appropriation of the body and its effects inform both the content and the form of the texts I examine.
Libuše Moníková: ‘Ich Bin Am Ort Meines Ursprungs’, ‘Innen Bin Ich Hohl’
Authors: Müller Herta , Moníková Libuše , Hensel Kerstin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The body, and particularly the female body, is at the heart of Libuse Monfkova’s texts. Her first two texts centre on damaged bodies: Eine Schadigung (1981) begins with the rape of a female student by a policeman; Pavane fur eine verstorbene Infantin (1983) focuses on the narrator’s psychosomatic limp and her subsequent decision to take to a wheelchair. In a more positive light, the protagonists of her last two completed texts, Treibeis (1992) and Verklarte Nacht (1996), exercise their bodies in their respective professions as stuntwoman and choreographer-dancer. This physicality does not imply an entirely unmediated experience of the body, however; each of these manifestations is overlaid with, and constructed within, many forms of discourse.
Kerstin Hensel: ‘Wer “Draussen” Steht, Kann Deutlicher Sehen’
Authors: Müller Herta , Moníková Libuše , Hensel Kerstin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In her review of Hallimasch, Kerstin Hensel’s first prose publication, Eva Kaufmann describes the characters as ‘unheimliche Sonderlinge’.1 She points to the obese ‘Nilpferdpaar’, identical twins Liese and Lotte Mobius (in ‘Hallimasch’), with their incestuous relationship, and the abused Jutta Gallwitz (in ‘Katzenbericht’), who mistakes her cats for her children. The eccentricity of Hensel’s protagonists, Kaufmann suggests, consists in physical oddity as well as emotional deformity, barely suppressed sexuality, and violent tendencies. Eccentricity-etymologically, ‘out of the centre’ -is a particularly apt term for these characters on the margins of society. Their difference, as well as the reaction they evokethey are ‘unheimlich’-marks these characters as grotesque: the grotesque deals with the excluded other, who transgresses both physical form and social norms. Furthermore, these characters are at the centre of grotesque texts, which play with the reader’s expectations of narrative and plot.
Causation with Human Face
Authors: Woodward Jim 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The recent literature on causation presents us with a striking puzzle. On the one hand, (I) there has been an explosion of seemingly fruitful work in philosophy, statistics, computer science, and psychology on causal inference, causal learning, causal judgment, and related topics.1 More than ever before, ‘causation’ is a topic that is being systematically explored in many different disciplines. This reflects the apparent usefulness of causal thinking in many of the special sciences and in common sense.
Pragmatic Causation
Authors: Eagle Antony 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Russell (1913) famously attacked the law of causality, and indirectly the concept of causation itself, as an inessential anachronism encumbering our proper understanding of the world disclosed to us by science. Russell’s primary target is the ftmdamental law of causality, which is the principle that every actual event has an actual sufficient cause, one that is guaranteed to bring that event about and in fact did so. He proposes to argue against the law by indicating that the causal re1ation between events that it requires does not exist.
Counterfactuals and the Second Law
Authors: Loewer Barry 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
I will be discussing a kind of conditional (or counterfactual) typically expressed in English by subjunctive conditionals. Here are some examples: ‘if I were to strike this match there would be an exp1osion’, ‘if there had been an explosion it is likely that I would have heard it’, ‘if the explosion had not occurred then the window would not have broken’.
The History of Philosophy as Philosophy
Authors: Hatfield Gary 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Philosophers have been talking about their predecessors since before Plato and Aristotle. The history of philosophy as a sub- discipline of philosophy has been recognized since the eighteenth century, when subdivisions beyond the traditional logic, meta physics, natural philosophy, and moral philosophy became generally established. Philosophers have addressed the shape of philosophy ‘s history as a philosophical topic since Kant and Hegel.
What ‘s Philosophical about the History of Philosophy?
Authors: Garber Daniel 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Virtually every fellow historian of philosophy I know would agree to the proposition that analytic philosophers should take the history of philosophy seriously. But, at the same time, virtually every historian of philosophy I know has at one time or another been involved in a heated conversation on the subject, and been forced to defend the philosophical relevance of the history of philosophy to a benighted colleague who simply can’t see the point.
Richard Burthogge and the Origins of Modern Conceptualism
Authors: Ayers M R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Richard Burthogge was an original, subtle, and relatively readable minor philosopher who lived from 1638 to 1705, a close contem- porary of Locke, with whom he corresponded. He has claims to be counted the first modern European idealist, but his characterization as an idealist is not as straightforward as it may seem from some of his pronouncements. His theory is quite unlike Berkeley’s, although, as some of those few who have discussed him point out, there are some remarkable affinities with Kant. Yet, in some ways he may be more like Locke than like Kant, and in one or two deep ways he is more like Quine than like any of them.
Early Life and Learning
Authors: Kassell Lauren 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Forman ‘s story begins on 23 December 1600 because this is the day that he dated the first and most extensive version of his life. He would write at least five more accounts during the next decade, though writing about oneself was not a commonplace activity. Biography and autobiography became codified genres in the eighteenth century. Before that, writings about the events of one ‘s own or someone else ‘s life took various forms, and historians and literary scholars recently have tackled these nimble species of texts armed with the generic and cumbersome labels life-writing, self-writing, and ego-writing.1 Forman ‘s accounts of his life have held a place in the history of life-writing in England since James Halliwell edited two of them in the nineteenth century.
The College of Physicians and Irregular Medicine in London, c.1580-1640
Authors: Kassell Lauren 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
When the noxious summer airs had cleared, the physicians returned to the city. The College met in November 1592 and they discussed ‘the insolent and illicit practice of the quacks ‘ and unanimously decided ‘to summon them all ‘.1 For man was one of the many irregular medical practitioners (often referred to as ‘empirics ‘) who thrived in the periodic absences of the physicians, and he appears in histories of medicine as a typical example of the insolent, irrational, uneducated medical practitioner. He was named in the College Annals ten times between 1594 and 16rn, and in the late seventeenth century these records formed the basis of a history of the College in which Forman epitomized quackery, the ignorant, dangerous, and opportunistic practice of medicine.
The Food of Angels
Authors: Kassell Lauren 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Nine hundred years after Adam and Eve were expelled from Paradise, Adam lay on his deathbed, called his numerous children before him, and told them the story of the Fall. Because he and Eve had eaten the forbidden fruit, God had expelled them from the Garden and proclaimed that they and their offspring would suffer seventy diseases from the crowns of their heads to the soles of their feet forevermore. Genesis did not record this part of the story, but the ‘Vita Adae et Evae ‘, or ‘Life of Adam and Eve ‘ (hereafter the ‘Life ‘), did. This was part of a tradition of pseudoepigraphical texts collectively known as the Book of Adam and Eve, dating from between the first and third centuries AD.1 Versions of the ‘Life ‘ circulated throughout medieval and early modern Europe, in Latin and the vernacular, and in 1599 Forman transcribed and augmented an English version of it.
Magic and Medicine
Authors: Kassell Lauren 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Anno domini 1599 the 17 Aug an m [Friday morning] very early I drempt that I and Jhon Ward our clarke and another were in the chauncell of a church together and Jhon Ward was calling sprites for me thought he had powar in calling of sprites, and stod by loking on him to see the sprites but I could not see them but by glimpsinge and then me thought I sawe a white sprite. And I byd him aske the sprites what wold mak me to see and he determined to doe yt but we could not bring them to speake and talk to us. And I loked up and sawe the church dore open, and I went to shut yt leste any body should com in and as I came to the dore ther cam in a talle long old woman with exceading black hallowe eyes and too daughters with her.