bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The biological sciences in mental health nursing: stakeholders’ perspectives
Authors: Jordan Sue , Philpin Sue , Davies Shân , Andrade Maria 
Published: March 2003

The biological sciences in mental health nursing: stakeholders’ perspectives To date, relatively little attention has been paid to optimizing the development of education programmes to support safe and effective health care professionals. In particular, the wider stakeholders, particularly health service users, are rarely consulted on the knowledge base expected of practitioners. We report here on an evaluation, involving students, lecturers, nurses and service users, aimed at reviewing the bioscience component of the preregistration mental health nursing course. Students and lecturers agreed that the current common foundation course in bioscience was biased towards the adult branch students, and failed to meet the needs of mental health nurses. The mental health lecturers’ solution to the ‘bioscience problem’ was to curtail the input. In contrast, service users described serious shortfalls in professionals’ abilities to inform them of common side‐effects of medication; these problems were attributable to inadequate educational preparation. The knowledge deficits identified could be rectified by making pharmacology an important part of the mental health education programme. However, for the curriculum to accommodate applied pharmacology, its supporting bioscience, and essential preparation in psychosocial interventions, some restructuring of the biological science programme for mental health nurses will be necessary. Our findings suggest that such restructuring should be informed by service users’ views of their needs.
Patient satisfaction with urodynamics: a qualitative study
Authors: Shaw Chris , Williams Kate , Assassa Philip R. , Jackson Clare 
Published: March 2003

Patient satisfaction with urodynamics: a qualitative study This qualitative study was undertaken to assess patients’ views of the urodynamic investigation. The aim was to identify the dimensions important to patients in evaluating satisfaction with this type of procedure and ways in which care could be improved. Unstructured interviews were carried out by four trained interviewers with 21 people (17 female and 4 male) who had undergone the urodynamic investigation at various gynaecology, urology and continence outpatient clinics. The interviews were audio‐taped and transcribed verbatim. The data was then coded and a thematic analysis carried out. The main theme to emerge was focused on patients’ feelings about the procedure. This consisted of a combination of anxiety and embarrassment. Anxiety was because of fear of the unknown and embarrassment at the intimate nature of the procedure and lack of privacy. The interpersonal and communication skills of the health care professional were central in alleviating these negative feelings. The establishment of a friendly relationship based on equality and mutual respect and trust was important in preventing anxiety and embarrassment. A number of practical issues were identified that would contribute to improving the service for patients. It was found that nurses possessed all the attributes required to provide an effective service and recommendations were made that nurses specializing in continence care should take a more active role in urodynamic investigations.
Measuring the socialization of graduate and diplomate nurses using the Corwin Role Orientation Scale
Authors: Taylor Heidi R. , Westcott Elizabeth , Bartlett Helen P. 
Published: March 2003

Measuring the socialization of graduate and diplomate nurses using the Corwin Role Orientation Scale The nature of United Kingdom (UK) nursing education has changed significantly as the responsibility has been transferred from hospitals to the University sector. More information is needed on the outcome of the Project 2000 diploma and degree courses given the rapidly changing health care context. This paper focuses on the role socialization of graduate and diploma nurses. As part of a larger study, this research investigated the role orientations of 52 nursing graduates and 28 diplomates from two different universities at three time points; on graduation and at 6 and 12 months postgraduation. The Corwin Role Orientation Scale was selected and modified for the study. It comprised of three separate scales measuring professional, bureaucratic and service orientation. The data from the two groups of nurses were examined to identify nurses’ ideal role orientations and role discrepancies over the transitionary period from graduate to qualified nurse. Although the results showed observed differences between the groups over time, none of these differences were statistically significant. The findings raise a number of questions about the value of the instrument as a measure in the contemporary nursing context. Furthermore, each of the Corwin subscales had a low internal reliability. A possible explanation may be that the instrument, which was developed in the United States of America (USA) in the 1960s, and modified, for this study, has little relevance for contemporary UK nursing. The study findings are also limited by the small size of the sample. In spite of these limitations, the study suggests there are few differences between the role orientations and socialization experiences of UK nursing graduates and diplomates. Indeed, both programmes commonly take place in university settings and students receive the same amount of clinical experience. Further instrument development and exploratory research is recommended to identify the role socialization and orientations of UK nurses through larger national studies.
The questioning skills of clinical teachers and preceptors: a comparative study
Authors: Phillips Nicole , Duke Maxine 
Published: March 2003

The questioning skills of clinical teachers and preceptors: a comparative study Aim of the study. The purpose of this study, conducted as partial requirement for a Master of Nursing Studies Degree, was to explore, describe and compare the level of questions asked by clinical teachers and preceptors. Background. Questioning is one of many teaching/learning strategies thought to facilitate the development of critical thinking skills which are integral to nursing practice. As such the type and number of questions asked have implications for student learning. Currently in Melbourne, Australia, many undergraduate nursing degree courses utilize both clinical teachers and preceptors to facilitate student learning in the clinical setting. Design. A comparative descriptive design was used. Participants were given three acute care patient scenarios involving an undergraduate nursing student, as part of a questionnaire, and asked to identify the questions they would ask the student in relation to the scenario. Findings. Data revealed that the clinical teachers had considerably more years of experience in their role and higher academic qualifications than did the preceptors. The clinical teachers also asked a greater number of questions overall and more from the higher cognitive level. Despite this, the findings suggest that both clinical teachers and especially preceptors need to increase the number of higher level questions they ask. Conclusions. Based on the findings of this study, it is evident that there is a need for further comparative studies into the questioning skills of clinical teachers and preceptors. Also, these two groups require education about the importance of higher level questioning for student learning as well as how to ask questions generally.
How nurses manage time and work in long‐term care
Authors: Bowers Barbara J. , Lauring Cathy , Jacobson Nora 
Published: March 2003

How nurses manage time and work in long‐term care Aims of the study. The aim of this study was to better understand the ways in which conditions of work, including staffing, affect how nurses in long‐term care (LTC) facilities do their jobs and the quality of care they provide. Background. The research reported here was performed in the context of public policy debates about the relationship between staffing levels and quality in LTC. Methods. In 1995 and 1996, interviews and participant observation were used to examine how 18 licensed nurses employed in two LTC facilities in the midwestern United States experience their day‐to‐day work. Results. Time was an extremely salient work condition for the nurses interviewed. Under conditions of too little time and many interruptions, nurses compensated by developing strategies to keep up or catch up. These strategies included minimizing the time spent doing required tasks, creating new time and redefining work responsibilities. Although these strategies allowed nurses to complete the tasks for which they were accountable, there were adverse consequences for nurses and residents. Nurses realized that time demands often made it impossible to provide care of high quality. They expressed their ideas about quality care as the notion of ‘should do’ work. In effect, time pressures forced them to forego the ‘should do’ work to complete the ‘must do’ work. Conclusion. Increased staffing could improve the quality of care in LTC facilities.
Changing to primary nursing in a nursing home in Finland: experiences of residents, their family members and nurses
Authors: Laakso Sami , Routasalo Pirkko 
Published: March 2003

Changing to primary nursing in a nursing home in Finland: experiences of residents, their family members and nurses Aim. The aim of the study was to find out how nursing home residents, their families and nurses experienced the change to primary nursing in the nursing home. Background. This study was carried out in a nursing home in Finland. Following years of functional nursing, the change to primary nursing had started 18 months prior to data collection. The transition was preceded by staff training, planning for the change to primary nursing and discussions with staff members. Meetings were also arranged with family members to inform them of what was happening and why. Staff implemented the changeover independently with the support of the institution’s management. Methods. The data were gathered in focused interviews. There were five interview themes: change in the nursing home, the position of the resident in the nursing home, the relationship between the resident and nurse, the relationship between family member and nurse, and the role of the nurse as provider of nursing care. Findings. Residents reported no major changes in nursing care or in their relationship with nurses. However, family members had noticed changes in the behaviour of the nursing staff. Staff members had become friendlier, spent more time with the residents and showed a strong job motivation. Cooperation between nurses and family members had changed very little. Some nurses in the early stages of the change tended to show signs of resistance. Others said that there had been many changes during the past year, that they acted more independently and could use their own decision‐making authority more freely than before. They treated residents as individuals and gave them a greater say in decision‐making. They felt responsible for the development of the workplace as a collectivity. Conclusions. Primary nursing is one way in which nurses and family members can work more closely in the best interests of older residents. The findings of this study speak in favour of making the change from functional to primary nursing and at the same time highlight certain problems and possibilities in this process.
Shifting meaning of asylum
Authors: Montgomery Phyllis 
Published: March 2003

Shifting meaning of asylumAim(s). This paper offers an expanded way of looking at the idea of asylum from the perspective of Soja’s conceptualization ofThirdspace(Blackwell Publishers, Oxford 1996). Implications for research are discussed.Background. Soja proposes a different way to think about space. He writes not of dialectics but instead of trialectics which reconstructs space. Soja rejects the binarism of either/or logic about space suggesting a creative combination of both/and also. In this instance, the binary logic of either hospital or community asylum is opened to new possibilities of thinking about the space of asylum.Conclusions. The value of hearing the stories of those living with long‐term mental illness is to obtain an emic perspective of their space of asylum.
Women’s experiences of ‘being diagnosed’ with a long‐term illness
Authors: Kralik Debbie , Brown Marina , Koch Tina 
Published: March 2003

Women’s experiences of ‘being diagnosed’ with a long‐term illness Aims. In this paper we share women’s storied accounts of ‘being diagnosed’ with a long‐term illness. The purpose of the paper is to raise awareness of health professionals that receiving a medical diagnosis is a potentially calamitous event, challenging self‐identity. Background. The three authors were involved in three separate inquiries which explored women’s experiences of living with illness. The authors realized that ‘being diagnosed’ was a common memorable event for the women across the inquiries. The literature around receiving a diagnosis was scarce. Design. This paper is the result of secondary analysis of data from three different projects where we researched women living with long‐term illness. In this paper, we focus on the experience of ‘being diagnosed’ as we share and show women’s perceptions of receiving a medical diagnosis. Findings. Receiving a medical diagnosis of a long‐term illness was a memorable event in the women’s lives. Many women felt alone with their illness, often without adequate information to find meaning in the relationship between their familiar self and their new identity as a woman living with illness. They felt vulnerable and lost as they tried to understand the meanings and consequences that the diagnosis held for their present and their future. Informational needs may be specific and individual. For many, receipt of a diagnostic label was momentous and should not be underestimated, despite the initial feeling of chaos, many women felt validated. Conclusion. Receiving a medical diagnosis is one event where health care professionals could be on standby. It is important to take the woman’s articulation of the event seriously. Open, genuine communication, with willingness on behalf of the health professional to listen would be affirming for women who are coming to terms with the diagnosis of a chronic illness.
Informational basis for expert intuition
Authors: Effken Judith A. 
Published: March 2003

Informational basis for expert intuitionAim.Intuition has been cited as an integral part of nursing clinical expertise. Responding to the recent scholarly debate over the status of expert nursing intuition as part of the art or science of nursing, this article proposes an alternative view that may provide an informational basis for what has been described phenomenologically as intuition.Rationale. Two reasons for the dispute over the status of nursing intuition as `art' or `science' are proposed: The first is methodological. The second relates to intuition's close link with perception and underlying assumptions about perception. By examining intuition through an ecological psychology framework, the problem takes on a different character, one that is no longer focused solely on the expert's cognitive (or perceptual) processes, but also on the information provided by the patient and the context of care.Conclusions. This perspective has several implications for nursing. By investigating information sources (i.e. higher order variables or constraints) in the nurse‐patient encounter, the problem of intuition may be clarified, and perhaps simplified. We may find that what nurse researchers have called `intuition' is whatGibson (1966,1986) termed `direct perception.' Intuition as direct perception is information‐based and lawful. Finally, although some aspects of intuition may be hard‐wired through evolution, intuition as direct perception can be developed through education and extensive, deliberate practice with appropriate exemplars. Characterized as direct perception, intuition is an observable, lawful phenomenon that is measurable, potentially teachable, and appropriately part of nursing science.
Emotion work in midwifery: a review of current knowledge
Authors: Hunter Billie 
Published: March 2003

Emotion work in midwifery: a review of current knowledge Aim of the paper. To review the literature relating to emotional labour in the workplace and identify potential sources of emotion within midwifery work. Rationale. There is substantial evidence to indicate that the quality of the relationship between midwife and woman is significant in determining the quality of the childbirth experience for women. Despite this, there is a notable lack of research regarding midwives’ experiences of participating in this relationship, and even less regarding the emotional issues involved. Method. Literature review of relevant midwifery, nursing and sociological literature. Discussion of the theoretical perspectives provided by sociological and nursing research relating to the management of emotion at work and critical consideration of their application to an analysis of midwifery work. Findings. Although these theoretical perspectives may offer significant insights of relevance to midwifery, there is much more that needs to be uncovered. Midwifery work has the potential for creating high levels of emotion work and current changes in the organization of United Kingdom (UK) maternity care may further increase this. Conclusion. It is essential that midwives develop their understanding of emotion at work in order to improve their own working lives, and to meet the needs of childbearing women and their families. More research is needed in this field to develop a body of knowledge to inform midwifery education and practice.
No more tears: a randomized controlled double‐blind trial of Amethocaine gel vs. placebo in the management of procedural pain in neonates
Authors: Moore Judith 
Published: March 2003

No more tears: a randomized controlled double‐blind trial of Amethocaine gel vs. placebo in the management of procedural pain in neonates Aim. During a comparative double‐blind study, the efficacy of Amethocaine local anaesthetic gel was compared with that of a placebo gel to establish their effect on the reduction of behavioural and physiological responses to pain in neonates. Method. Forty infants were included in the trial, 20 being randomly assigned to each group. After topical application of either Amethocaine or the placebo for 30 minutes, cannulation was performed using a 24 gauge cannula. Assessment of pain was made with the aid of four point assessment tool incorporating facial expression, cry and heart rate changes and ease of cannulation. Additional baseline data were obtained including sex, gestation, weight and previous experience of cannulation, and analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Results. Good analgesic effects were demonstrated in the Amethocaine group, as there was a high level of significance (P < 0·01) in the difference in pain scores between the two groups using a Mann–Whitney U‐test. There was no correlation between gestation or weight and the degree of pain experienced during painful procedures. No significant relationship was found between cannulation and the degree of pain experienced. Conclusion. It can, therefore, be concluded that Amethocaine gel is an effective local anaesthetic in the management of skin puncturing procedural pain in neonates, and that all infants regardless of maturity, weight or previous experiences probably experience a similar degree of pain and therefore warrant effective and appropriate analgesic intervention.
The utility of self‐care theory as a theoretical basis for self‐neglect
Authors: Lauder William 
Published: March 2003

The utility of self‐care theory as a theoretical basis for self‐neglect Aim. This paper sets out to explore the utility of self‐care theory in understanding self‐neglect. Further theoretical development of both self‐care and self‐neglect theory and attending core concepts is an important objective. Background. The notions of self‐neglect and self‐care are frequently linked in the literature. The relationship between self‐neglect and self‐care is not clear and the strengths and limitations in using self‐care theory to facilitate a greater understanding of self‐neglect will be addressed. Specifically the issues of self‐care agency, self‐care requisites, objectivity, class and culture, and lifestyle choice will be critically evaluated in the context of self‐neglect theory. Conclusion. Self‐care theory has a useful role to play in furthering our understanding of self‐neglect. Self‐care theory is able to explain some aspects of self‐neglect but not others, although this may be a reflection of the relatively underdeveloped state of self‐care theories or alternatively may reflect a more fundamental limitation in our ability to fully explain human behaviour.
A measure of patient empowerment in hospital environments catering for older people
Authors: Faulkner Mark 
Published: March 2003

A measure of patient empowerment in hospital environments catering for older peopleAim. The principal aim of this research was to develop a valid and reliable measure of patient empowerment and disempowerment in hospital environments catering for older people.Rationale. It is argued that empowerment is linked to Learned Mastery (Peterson, Maier & Seligman 1993) and increasing patient independence, whilst disempowerment is linked to Learned Helplessness (Seligman 1975) and increasing patient dependence. Consequently, the development of a measure of these concepts would represent a valuable quality assurance tool.Method. Measures were developed using the ‘act frequency approach’ ofBuss and Craik (1983)whereby registered nurses (n=38) were asked to nominate empowering and disempowering acts relevant to interactions between staff and older patients. The resulting lists of 98 acts for each disposition were hypothetically judged by older hospitalized people (n=20) as to the extent they would be either ‘control giving’ (empowering acts) or ‘control taking’ (disempowering acts) if personally experienced. The twenty highest scoring acts in each category were incorporated into the Patient Empowerment Scale.Results. Using this scale, older hospitalized people (n=102) resident on five different hospital wards were asked to judge how often they had encountered each act over a predetermined period of time. Wards varied in speciality including acute medicine, surgery and elderly care rehabilitation. The ward scoring lowest on the PES (i.e. the least empowering) was the elderly care rehabilitation ward. Moreover, this ward showed an inverse correlation between participant age and exposure to empowering care. Alpha scores ranged from 0·74 to 0·87 for empowerment and 0·65 to 0·87 for disempowerment.Conclusion. The PES is offered as a valid and reliable measure of empowerment and disempowerment in hospital settings catering for older people. It enables the identification of environments which place patients at risk of becoming dependent, or alternatively facilitate increasing independence.