bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CONCLUDING REMARKS TO THE BOOK
Authors: Katzir Shaul 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The concluding remarks elaborate on a few recurring themes in the history of the transformation of piezoelectricity from a small unpractical research subject to a vibrant highly practical field. One is the transfer of knowledge between science and technology, in which scientists were central, and that depended on the particular emergency of World War I. Interestingly, at the early stages the process often relied on personal experience and connections, which raises the question of contingency in this history. The occurrence of multiple inventions and discoveries at later stages helps in understanding the conditions needed for innovations at different stages in this history. It also sheds light on the different characteristics of academic, government, and industrial research and development, which led to divergent results. This history suggests that innovation follows a back-and-forth feedback mechanism between science and technology, with bidirectional rather than unidirectional casual influences between them.
The Apostle and the Machiavel
Authors: Knapper Daniel 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis chapter and Chapter 3 explore how Shakespeare imitates different aspects of Paul’s style in his plays. Shakespeare is exceptional among Renaissance artists for the extent to which he engages with Paul’s style and rhetoric in his work; and for the subtlety and daring with which he uses Pauline imitations to encourage a range of non-traditional, and sometimes decidedly unorthodox, perspectives on Paul’s style, character, and theology. This chapter shows that Shakespeare imitates Paul’s apologetic rhetoric in 2 Corinthians to develop Richard’s manipulative self-justifying speeches in Richard III; that Shakespeare uses Richard’s Pauline style to highlight a controversial aspect of Paul’s character, specifically his craftiness and cunning; and, finally, that his imitation of Paul’s apologetic rhetoric conforms and contributes to the development of major themes in the play, particularly those related to conscience, human freedom, and divine providence.
Logic in Practice at Early Modern Cambridge
Authors: Ettenhuber Katrin 
Published: October 2023

AbstractFollowing on from the historical survey in Chapter 1, this chapter highlights one particular case study of logic instruction at Cambridge in the late 1620s and early 1630s. It shows in more detail what kinds of books students were reading and how academics developed increasingly sophisticated pedagogic methods for teaching the arts of reasoning more effectively. The main focus is on Christ’s College and one of its most famous alumni, John Milton, who has often been described as a proponent of Ramist logic. Through a close examination of university curricula and teaching manuals (specifically the textbooks of the German educator Bartholomew Keckermann), the chapter argues that both the term ‘Ramism’ and Milton’s relationship with it have been misunderstood in literary scholarship, and proposes an alternative framework for assessing Milton’s approach to logic.
Introduction
Authors: Obert Julia C. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This chapter argues that imperial building projects and urban planning schemes often attempt to strategically weaken colonized subjects’ feelings of belonging. If legislated apartheid or the spectacle of the plantopolis or the ubiquity of urban surveillance turns “home turf” into vexed terrain, then that terrain can become a bludgeon rather than a shield. Buildings, motorways, and memorials, in other words, are hardly window dressing to the colonial enterprise: they are quite literally structures of power. These structures of power, the structures of feeling they condition, and the structures of resistance they birth into being are the subjects of this chapter. Drawing on Situationist theory, the chapter also observes that “unhomely” terrain can sometimes be destabilized by the subversive navigational strategies of particular pedestrians. Guy Debord’s analysis of personal “psychogeographies”—“fragmented, subjective, temporal experience[s] of the city”—elaborates how individuals’ “insubordinate” wanderings might potentially work against colonial hegemony set in stone. The chapter then introduces each of the case studies to come within this theoretical context.
The Exclusion Principle and Electron Spin
Authors: Duncan Anthony , Janssen Michel 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis chapter starts out with a discussion of Bohr’s failed attempts in the early 1920s to explain the structure of the periodic table. Bohr’s Aufbau (“building up”) procedure is introduced, which Bohr would continue to employ for the next decade in his attempts to devise an explicit mechanical picture for all the atoms of the periodic table. Bohr claimed to base this explanation on his correspondence principle but, in fact, relied heavily on empirical input, especially from X-ray spectroscopy. It was in this context that the exclusion principle and electron spin were introduced, the former by Pauli, the latter by Uhlenbeck and Goudsmit after Kronig had been talked out of it by Pauli
Dispersion Theory in the Old Quantum Theory
Authors: Duncan Anthony , Janssen Michel 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis chapter covers the history of dispersion theory starting from the classical theories of the late nineteenth century, involving charged harmonic oscillators with resonance frequencies at the absorption frequencies of the dispersing materials to account for anomalous dispersion, the phenomenon that the index of refraction decreases rather than increases with frequency around the absorption frequencies. It then covers dispersion theories formulated in the context of the old quantum theory, in which the link between radiation frequencies and orbital frequencies is severed. Drawing on these efforts, especially by Ladenburg and Reiche in the early 1920s, and using Bohr’s correspondence principle and other ingredients of the old quantum theory, Kramers found a successful quantum formula in late 1923. He only published a full treatment of his new dispersion theory in a paper with Heisenberg in early 1925. This paper played a key role in laying the foundations of matrix mechanics.
Heisenberg’sUmdeutungPaper
Authors: Duncan Anthony , Janssen Michel 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis chapter covers the paper known as the Umdeutung (= reinterpretation) paper, published in July 1925, with which Heisenberg laid the foundations of matrix mechanics. It carefully examines Heisenberg’s work on intensities and his correspondence in the months leading up to his famous trip to Helgoland, where he aimed to recover from poor health. It was in Helgoland that he developed the outlines of the new framework that would eventually become matrix mechanics. The chapter then gives a detailed analysis of the Umdeutung paper itself, including the quantization condition, as well as a derivation of the quantized energies of the simple harmonic oscillator, including the zero-point energy, both of which would assume a central role in the paper.
Police Peacekeeping
Authors: Pingeot Lou 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
UN peace operations increasingly deploy police forces and engage in policing tasks. The turn to ‘police peacekeeping’ has generally been met with enthusiasm in both academic and policy circles. Policing is often understood to provide a more civilian instrument of intervention, and rebuilding local police forces along democratic, liberal lines is seen as a prerequisite for a successful transition towards peace and stability. This book questions this optimistic reading of police peacekeeping. It demonstrates that the logic of policing leads to the depoliticization of conflict and the criminalization of those who are deemed to threaten not just public order but social order, authorizing violence against them in the name of law enforcement. The book proposes a new way of studying peace operations that focuses not on their success or failure, but on how they allow people and ideas to circulate transnationally. It shows that peace operations act as a point of cross-fertilization for the creation and transmission of policing discourses and practices globally. In so doing, these missions contribute to (re)producing social orders that are based on the exclusion of often racialized, socio-economically marginalized populations, both ‘domestically’ (in countries of intervention) and ‘internationally’ (in troop contributing countries). The book contributes to critical understandings of police power that show that police forces were never meant to protect all equally. Drawing on interpretive, feminist, and postcolonial methodologies that emphasize relations, processes, and situatedness, the book’s in-depth study of UN intervention in Haiti shows how a single site can help illuminate global processes.
Beyond the here and now of peace operations
Authors: Pingeot Lou 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This chapter presents a postcolonial theory of peace operations as generative of social order transnationally. It argues that peace operations are too often treated as sui generis, when in fact they should be understood as an instance of a broader type of social relation characterized by domination. Building on studies of colonialism and imperialism that emphasize the link between intervention ‘abroad’ and intervention ‘at home’, the chapter shows that discourses and practices of intervention can circulate from the domestic to the international because the socio-structural relations that characterize peace operations mirror those in domestic societies. In other words, the relation of domination between international interveners and local populations mirrors the relation between those who govern and those who are governed domestically. The chapter develops a methodology that aligns with this theoretical framework, building on feminist, postcolonial, and interpretive approaches that emphasize situatedness, process, and relations.
Policing dissent
Authors: Pingeot Lou 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This chapter addresses the growing importance of public order policing in UN peace operations and examines how they see protests and respond to them. It shows that, under a stabilization mandate, protests become part of a spectrum of threats that include terrorism, organized crime, and natural disasters, and that UN training emphasizes their potential for danger and violence. In Haiti, MINUSTAH’s stabilization mandate led it to see protests as a challenge to its mission to enforce order. Certain practices ensued from this understanding, including an escalated force model focused on deterring protests through shows of force and containing them by resorting to (para)military force. The protest policing style developed by MINUSTAH is not only illustrative of UN protest policing, but also reverberates through time and space, as UN peace operations create a market for certain skills and tools, help develop them, and socialize troops into them.
The Saddle of Experience
Authors: Dhareshwar Vivek 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
We are in a situation where disastrous ‘facts’ of various kinds—ecological ones undoubtedly, but economic and political ones too—are dominating our everyday life. Our acknowledgement of this state of affairs is undoubtedly because these ‘facts’ or (as we might also call them) ‘truths’ are there, as it were, in the ‘epistemic’ domain. And yet we seem unable to assimilate these ‘facts’ experientially. I would like to try out a few formulations that might go some way toward clarifying the nature of this disjunction between the epistemic domain and the experiential domain that seems to define our predicament. This paper will be asking if recognizing this disjunction and responding to it require a renewal of experiential knowledge (adhyatmic activity).
George Dandin
Authors: Lyons John D. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
George Dandin shocks today’s audiences not because of violations of sexual norms but because of its treatment of class differences. The wealthy peasant George Dandin has married the daughter of aristocrats as a way of rising in social standing. When his wife takes an aristocratic lover, George finds himself powerless to enforce marital fidelity. Her parents deny that their daughter could possibly be doing anything so dishonourable. When her parents and husband arrange a confrontation with the lover, the wife skilfully engages in ironic banter that reassures her lover without ever offering her husband any admission of infidelity. Some twentieth-century productions of the play make it seem that the work depicts a ‘tragic’ injustice towards Dandin the commoner, but this work was staged as a comedy-ballet, not as a dark or sad story. Instead, the wrong that is depicted is that a woman has been coerced by her parents into marrying an unwanted husband.
1972
Authors: Arnold Jörg 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This chapter charts fundamental changes in the miners’ position in the early 1970s. These changes can be conceptualized in temporal terms, from old to new. By the early 1970s, terminal decline of Britain’s coal industry was no longer a foregone conclusion. On the contrary, a new dawn seemed imminent. As the miners asserted collective agency in the two coal strikes of 1972 and 1974, the structures of feeling within which they operated were transformed. Expressions of sympathy gave way to feelings of awe. The miners came to be admired, feared even, for the power they were prepared to wield. Alongside this transformation in the image of the miner went a greater visibility of the miners’ collective trade union voice, the National Union of Mineworkers (NUM). Although coal’s renaissance occurred under the Conservative government of Edward Heath, it found its most salient expression in the policy document Plan for Coal, which was agreed upon by the National Coal Board (NCB), the government, and the NUM after Labour’s return to power in February 1974, as the chapter shows.
1987
Authors: Arnold Jörg 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This chapter illuminates the structures of feeling and layers of temporality that informed the discourse about the miners in the years following the 1984/5 coal strike. By 1987, miners’ collective agency was much reduced. Miners were forced to make individual choices in the context of a rapidly changing situation over whose direction they exerted less collective control than at any time since the late 1960s. It was the Conservative government and their supporters who retained a residual belief in, and fear of, the miners’ power. Sympathizers on the Left, by contrast, came to depict the miners as deplorable victims of a political vendetta and increasingly of the very pace of de-industrialization itself—as victims who were deserving of sympathy but who also represented a lost cause. Whereas the political Left invested considerable energy into shaping the memory of the coal strike, the Right was more interested in exploiting the opportunity that the defeat of the NUM had opened up for charting a radically different future for the industry. Indeed, Conservative politicians and commentators would frequently charge that Labour, and the Left more broadly, embodied ‘the past’. The claim was not extended to the industry itself, however. Despite a growing recognition of the magnitude of the shift in the nation’s economic structure away from manufacturing industries, Conservatives would claim that they had ‘revitalized’, rather than abandoned, what they called ‘traditional’ industries, including the coal industry.
1997
Authors: Arnold Jörg 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This chapter explores the structures of feeling within which the miners operated around the year 1997. It argues that the later 1990s marked the moment when the past finally crowded out the present, when cultural imaginaries trading in selective memories of who the miners ‘really’ were displaced concern for the working lives of the 17,000 or so people still employed in deep-coal mining. As the coal industry moved from the centre to the margins of public interest, two influential feature films etched into the national consciousness an image of miners as ‘decent ordinary people’ whose communal values and aspirations were admirable, but also hopelessly out of date. While the miners may have been beaten by Thatcherism, ultimately, they were beaten by history itself. Tony Blair’s New Labour project reaped the electoral benefits of this sentimentalized depiction of the miners. At the same time New Labour subscribed, arguably even more strongly than the Conservatives, to the underlying conviction that the miners represented a bygone age. Few attempts were made to stabilize the coal industry, let alone reverse the structural changes that had been wreaked during the eighteen years of Conservative government. While the NUM was ignored, the attention of both policymakers and social scientific research shifted from the workplace to the community, from the collective articulation of political demands to questions of coalfield culture and individual identity. In this emergent structure, coalfield communities represented a particularly intractable case of social exclusion, as the chapter shows.
Translating Insights into Action Plans
Authors: Rouse William B. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Translating Insights into Action Plans involves transforming the findings from earlier chapters into alternative courses of action, as well as explaining findings and alternative courses of action in stakeholder-friendly formats. Initiatives are translated into multi-stage courses of action. These potential aspirational courses of action are discussed in considerable detail, including how stakeholders will be supported to understand and trust these alternative ways forward for each challenge. Positive deviants are people or organizations whose uncommon behaviors and strategies enable them to formulate and implement better solutions to problems than their peers, while having access to the same resources and facing similar or worse challenges. Compelling examples for each of the four challenges are discussed in terms of why and how these successes resulted.
Economic Modeling of Investment Impacts
Authors: Rouse William B. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Economic Modeling of Investment Impacts focuses on the economic realities of pursuing the functionality elaborated in Chapter 5. There will be revenue generated and costs saved over decades. The accounting for these cash flows needs to cross agencies and, of course, years. We are concerned not only with next year’s budget, but next decade’s society. Economic integration is a key to affordable change. The economic model presented considers the investments and returns associated with addressing the challenges in an integrated manner. The concern is with money flows over decades across government entities. These siloes will undoubtedly push back against changes. However, this chapter projects the value to the whole country, not just for particular agencies. Evidence-based quantitative projections are used to illustrate the economic benefits of the solutions articulated in Chapter 5.
Scaling Solutions for Broad Benefits
Authors: Rouse William B. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Scaling Solutions for Broad Benefits concerns the need to continually motivate and resource ongoing change. This includes understanding and balancing economics across silos and ecosystems. The overarching goal is to circumvent the “valley of death” whereby successful pilot tests are not scaled and sustained. Beyond proving that a particular intervention will help a small, targeted population, sustained motivation and resources are needed to benefit everybody. Successful execution is central to transforming inventive ideas into societal innovations, indeed social movements. The history of social movements is discussed, and success factors are elaborated upon. Further, the possibility of a human-centered systems movement is explored.
Oxford, the world of Westminster, and the defence of the University’s interests
Authors: Aston Nigel 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Oxford was close to the world of Westminster, treated comprehensively in Chapter 8. Relations with government tended to be unstable until the reign of George III. This stemmed from the University’s insistence on corporate independency which, taken too far, imperilled its functioning by increasing the likelihood of direct ministerial intervention beyond ministers’ legitimate role in dispensing royal patronage within the University. The chapter also looks at academic concerns as reflected in both Houses of Parliament. It emphasises the national role assumed by some of the University’s MPs. The need for them to be distrustful of ministers had largely faded by the 1770s. From around that date Heads of House such as Nathan Wetherell and Cyril Jackson were using their range of Westminster contacts to make their colleges virtual antechambers to government service for a select number of undergraduates.
Conclusion
Authors: Aston Nigel 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
There was plenty of internal scope for University members to be pedagogically creative, open new research lines, and be unapologetic Whigs. For if Oxford was rooted in its past, yet it had a capacity for adaptation and a scope for intellectual and political pluralism that can be located within ‘the Anglican Enlightenment’. But while the range of values transmitted to future University graduates should not be underestimated, Oxford majority opinion was always committed to protecting the national Church and defeating the cultural and religious alternatives on offer. And it did so successfully, ensuring a neo-hegemony that endured, offering stability decade after decade. What Oxford did less well until the mid-eighteenth century was to protect the state. It was only once loyalty could be aligned with the reigning dynasty without qualification—as after c.1760 —that the University created the conditions for and maximising its national influence.
Codeswitching
Authors: Potowski Kim , Torres Lourdes 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This chapter offers an analysis of codeswitching among Puerto Rican, Mexican, and MexiRican Spanish speakers in Chicago and compares the chapter’s findings to other studies on codeswitching in U.S. Spanish. It begins with a review of studies of Spanish-English codeswitching in the U.S. and then describes the study’s methodology and participants. The chapter presents findings of overall quantity of English used by participants and number of codeswitches by regional origin, generational group, regional origin and generation, and proficiency. It also discusses the overall frequency and proportions of three different types of codeswitching (one-word, intrasentential, and intersentential) by regional group, generation, and Spanish proficiency level. The chapter considers the findings in relation to whether proficiency or generation is more strongly correlated with the codeswitching patterns. It also considers whether the findings provide evidence of contact between dialects.
The Heart and Soul of Beer
Authors: Bamforth Charles W. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The major source of fermentable sugar for most beers worldwide is the starch in barley grain. Only certain types of barley can be used for this purpose: the so-called malting grades. Prior to brewing, the barley needs to be malted, which comprises sprouting the grain and then drying it. In this process, enzymes are developed that soften the grain, rendering it more mill-able, and that will subsequently work in the brewhouse to convert starch into fermentable sugars. The successive stages in the malt house are steeping in water, germination, and kilning (drying). A wide range of malt types are available, differing in their color and flavor depending on the severity of kilning or roasting. The pale malts are the main source of enzymes. Progressively darker malts (amber, through crystal, to chocolate and black) are used by the brewer to supplement the pale malt to produce diverse beer styles.