bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The MAT1 locus is required for microconidia-mediated sexual fertility in the rice blast fungus
Authors: Kita Kohtetsu , Uchida Momotaka , Arie Tsutomu , Teraoka Tohru , Kaku Hisatoshi , Kanda Yasukazu , Mori Masaki , Arazoe Takayuki , Kamakura Takashi 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Rice blast fungus (Pyricularia oryzae) is a heterothallic ascomycete that causes the most destructive disease in cultivated rice worldwide. This fungus reproduces sexually and asexually, and its mating type is determined by the MAT1 locus, MAT1-1 or MAT1-2. Interestingly, most rice-infecting field isolates show a loss of female fertility, but the MAT1 locus is highly conserved in female-sterile isolates. In this study, we performed a functional analysis of MAT1 using the CRISPR/Cas9 system in female- and male-fertile isolates and female-sterile (male-fertile) isolates. Consistent with a previous report, MAT1 was essential for sexual reproduction but not for asexual reproduction. Meanwhile, deletion mutants of MAT1-1-1, MAT1-1-2, and MAT1-1-3 exhibited phenotypes different from those of other previously described isolates, suggesting that the function of MAT1-1 genes and/or their target genes in sexual reproduction differs among strains or isolates. The MAT1 genes, excluding MAT1-2-6, retained their functions even in female-sterile isolates, and deletion mutants lead to loss or reduction of male fertility. Although MAT1 deletion did not affect microconidia (spermatia) production, microconidia derived from the mutants could not induce perithecia formation. These results indicated that MAT1 is required for microconidia-mediated male fertility in addition to female fertility in P. oryzae .
Abstract and embodied: the political economy of the French Revolution
Authors: Coleman Charly , Walton Charles 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The political economy of the French Revolution struggled to reconcile the promises of economic abstraction and the challenges of embodying wealth. In their attempts to realize these dual aims, revolutionaries drew not only on Enlightenment ideas about laissez-faire but also on an economic theology of money and consumption with roots in alchemy and the Catholic sacrament of the Eucharist. Both strains of thought had radicalizing effects. Proponents of laissez-faire cast society as a self-regulating field of reciprocal exchanges, thereby obviating the need for fiscal redistribution and frustrating those demanding social welfare and manufacturing subsidies. When the anticipated prosperity of laissez-faire failed to materialize, revolutionaries put their hopes in the new paper currency, the assignat, believing that it would generate wealth ad infinitum and circulate it justly. Breaking with laissez-faire but still committed to economic theology, radicals such as Jacques Roux and Maximilien Robespierre joined the Parisian popular movement in justifying government oversight to ensure the satisfaction of an ever-expanding panoply of needs. Whereas historians now tend to explain the Terror as the outcome of ideological, psychological and institutional contingencies, the fate of laissez-faire suggests that political radicalization was intimately linked to revolutionaries’ abstract economic principles and beliefs.
Premature endocycling of Drosophila follicle cells causes pleiotropic defects in oogenesis
Authors: Herriage Hunter C , Calvi Brian R 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Endocycling cells grow and repeatedly duplicate their genome without dividing. Cells switch from mitotic cycles to endocycles in response to developmental signals during the growth of specific tissues in a wide range of organisms. The purpose of switching to endocycles, however, remains unclear in many tissues. Additionally, cells can switch to endocycles in response to conditional signals, which can have beneficial or pathological effects on tissues. However, the impact of these unscheduled endocycles on development is underexplored. Here, we use Drosophila ovarian somatic follicle cells as a model to examine the impact of unscheduled endocycles on tissue growth and function. Follicle cells normally switch to endocycles at mid-oogenesis. Inducing follicle cells to prematurely switch to endocycles resulted in the lethality of the resulting embryos. Analysis of ovaries with premature follicle cell endocycles revealed aberrant follicular epithelial structure and pleiotropic defects in oocyte growth, developmental gene amplification, and the migration of a special set of follicle cells known as border cells. Overall, these findings reveal how unscheduled endocycles can disrupt tissue growth and function to cause aberrant development.
Smiling women pitching down: auditing representational and presentational gender biases in image-generative AI
Authors: Sun Luhang , Wei Mian , Sun Yibing , Suh Yoo Ji , Shen Liwei , Yang Sijia 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) models like DALL·E 2 can interpret prompts and generate high-quality images that exhibit human creativity. Though public enthusiasm is booming, systematic auditing of potential gender biases in AI-generated images remains scarce. We addressed this gap by examining the prevalence of two occupational gender biases (representational and presentational biases) in 15,300 DALL·E 2 images spanning 153 occupations. We assessed potential bias amplification by benchmarking against the 2021 U.S. census data and Google Images. Our findings reveal that DALL·E 2 underrepresents women in male-dominated fields while overrepresenting them in female-dominated occupations. Additionally, DALL·E 2 images tend to depict more women than men with smiles and downward-pitching heads, particularly in female-dominated (versus male-dominated) occupations. Our algorithm auditing study demonstrates more pronounced representational and presentational biases in DALL·E 2 compared to Google Images and calls for feminist interventions to curtail the potential impacts of such biased AI-generated images on the media ecology.
Surviving or thriving political defeat on social media: a temporal analysis of how electoral loss exacerbates the gender gap in political expression
Authors: Dahlke Ross , Zhang Yini 
Published: February 2024

AbstractExtensive research reveals gender gaps in social media expression, particularly women’s reduced propensity for sharing political information and opinions. We examine the impact of political defeat on the gender gap in political expression on social media by pairing Twitter data from candidate supporters with a voter file. Our results indicate that Trump’s 2020 defeat reduced tweet volumes only among his female supporters, while his male supporters remained unaffected. This dampening effect was stronger for female Trump supporters who expressed their gender identity in their Twitter bios than those who did not. Tweet content remained largely unchanged for both genders. These findings enhance our understanding of how social media and political defeat together contribute to the gender expression gap and its relationship with offline political behaviors post-defeat. They also demonstrate the power of our methodological approach in revealing temporal and individual differences.
Categorizing the non-categorical: the challenges of studying gendered phenomena online
Authors: Shugars Sarah , Quintana-Mathé Alexi , Lange Robin , Lazer David 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Studies of gendered phenomena online have highlighted important disparities, such as who is likely to be elevated as an expert or face gender-based harassment. This research, however, typically relies upon inferring user gender—an act that perpetuates notions of gender as an easily observable, binary construct. Motivated by work in gender and queer studies, we therefore compare common approaches to gender inference in the context of online settings. We demonstrate that gender inference can have downstream consequences when studying gender inequities and find that nonbinary users are consistently likely to be misgendered or overlooked in analysis. In bringing a theoretical focus to this common methodological task, our contribution is in problematizing common measures of gender, encouraging researchers to think critically about what these constructs can and cannot capture, and calling for more research explicitly focused on gendered experiences beyond a binary.
Real-world data on the comprehensive genetic profiling test for Japanese patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer
Authors: Koguchi Dai , Tsumura Hideyasu , Tabata Ken-ichi , Shimura Soichiro , Satoh Takefumi , Ikeda Masaomi , Watanabe Akinori , Yoshida Tsutomu , Sasaki Jiichiro , Matsumoto Kazumasa , Iwamura Masatsugu 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Objective
comprehensive genomic profiling test has been covered by Japanese health insurance since June 2019. However, no real-world data on the test have been reported with a focus on Japanese patients with prostate cancer.

Methods
we retrospectively reviewed the data of 45 consecutive patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer, who underwent the comprehensive genomic profiling tests at Kitasato University Hospital between August 2019 and December 2022. Patients’ characteristics, prevalence of gene alterations and therapeutic impact of genotype-matched therapy were assessed.

Results
genomic data were obtained using a tissue-based test (n = 32) and liquid-based test (n = 13). Actionable genomic alternations were identified in 51.1% of patients, and 22.2% were treated with genotype-matched therapy. The main reason for not receiving genotype-matched therapy was disease progression, accounting for 46.2% (6/13). Kaplan–Meier analysis showed significantly longer overall survival after the comprehensive genomic profiling tests in patients with genotype-matched therapy under public insurance (17.8%, n = 8) than those without it (median: not reached vs. 18.1 months; P = 0.003). Five (62.5%) out of the eight patients with genotype-matched therapy under public insurance had BRCA1 or 2 deleterious alteration. Multivariate analyses showed that BRCA deleterious alteration (17.8%, n = 8) was an independent risk factor for shorter time to castration-resistant prostate cancer (hazard ratio: 2.46, 95% confidence interval: 1.04–5.87; P = 0.041), and no patients with the alteration had ≤5 bone metastases.

Conclusions
the results of this study showed the promising survival outcomes in patients with genotype-matched therapy under public insurance, even in the castration-resistant prostate cancer setting. Further detection of promising therapeutic target gene is expected to increase the number of patients who reach genotype-matched therapies.
Phenotypic variation in biting behavior associated with differences in expression of olfactory genes in the vector mosquito, Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae)
Authors: Heilig Mara , Sturiale Samantha L , Marzec Sarah , Holzapfel Christina M , Bradshaw William E , Meuti Megan E , Armbruster Peter A 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
We evaluated miRNA and mRNA expression differences in head tissues between avid-biting vs. reluctant-biting Aedes albopictus (Skuse) females from a single population over a 20-min timescale. We found no differences in miRNA expression between avid vs. reluctant biters, indicating that translational modulation of blood-feeding behavior occurs on a longer timescale than mRNA transcription. In contrast, we detected 19 differentially expressed mRNAs. Of the 19 differentially expressed genes at the mRNA level between avid-biting vs. reluctant-biting A. albopictus, 9 are implicated in olfaction, consistent with the well-documented role of olfaction in mosquito host-seeking. Additionally, several of the genes that we identified as differentially expressed in association with phenotypic variation in biting behavior share similar functions with or are inferred orthologues of, genes associated with evolutionary variation in biting behaviors of Wyeomyia smithii (Coq.) and Culex pipiens (Lin.). A future goal is to determine whether these genes are involved in the evolutionary transition from a biting to a non-biting life history.
Phenotyping photosynthesis: yes we can
Authors: Taylor Samuel H 
Published: February 2024

This article comments on:Keller B, Soto J, Steier A, Portilla-Benavides AE, Raatz B, Studer B, Walter A, Muller O, Urban MO. 2024. Linking photosynthesis and yield reveals a strategy to improve light use efficiency in a climbing bean breeding population. Journal of Experimental Botany 75, 901–916.
Research on photosynthetic oscillations supports the classical concept of cyclic electron transport producing ATP
Authors: Shikanai Toshiharu 
Published: February 2024

This article comments on:Degen GE, Pastorelli F, Johnson MP. 2024. Proton Gradient Regulation 5 is required to avoid photosynthetic oscillations during light transitions. Journal of Experimental Botany 75, 947–961.
H3K27 demethylase SsJMJ4 negatively regulates drought-stress responses in sugarcane
Authors: Yu Guangrun , Chen Daoqian , Ye Meiling , Wu Xiaoge , Zhu Zhiying , Shen Yan , Mehareb Eid M , Esh Ayman , Raza Ghulam , Wang Kai , Wang Qiongli , Jin Jing Bo 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Sugarcane (Saccharum spp.), a leading sugar and energy crop, is seriously impacted by drought stress. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying sugarcane drought resistance, especially the functions of epigenetic regulators, remain elusive. Here, we show that a S. spontaneum KDM4/JHDM3 group JmjC protein, SsJMJ4, negatively regulates drought-stress responses through its H3K27me3 demethylase activity. Ectopic overexpression of SsJMJ4 in Arabidopsis reduced drought resistance possibly by promoting expression of AtWRKY54 and AtWRKY70, encoding two negative regulators of drought stress. SsJMJ4 directly bound to AtWRKY54 and AtWRKY70, and reduced H3K27me3 levels at these loci to ensure their proper transcription under normal conditions. Drought stress down-regulated both transcription and protein abundance of SsJMJ4, which was correlated with the reduced occupancy of SsJMJ4 at AtWRKY54 and AtWRKY70 chromatin, increased H3K27me3 levels at these loci, as well as reduced transcription levels of these genes. In S. spontaneum, drought stress-repressed transcription of SsWRKY122, an ortholog of AtWRKY54 and AtWRKY70, was associated with increased H3K27me3 levels at these loci. Transient overexpression of SsJMJ4 in S. spontaneum protoplasts raised transcription of SsWRKY122, paralleled with reduced H3K27me3 levels at its loci. These results suggest that the SsJMJ4-mediated dynamic deposition of H3K27me3 is required for an appropriate response to drought stress.
Arabidopsis transcription factor STOP1 directly activates expression of NOD26-LIKE MAJOR INTRINSIC PROTEIN5;1, and is involved in the regulation of tolerance to low-boron stress
Authors: Zhang Cheng , He Mingliang , Jiang Zhexuan , Liu Tongtong , Wang Chuang , Wang Sheliang , Xu Fangsen 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Transcriptional regulation is a crucial component of plant adaptation to numerous different stresses; however, its role in how plants adapt to low-boron (B) stress remains unclear. In this study, we show that the C2H2-type transcription factor SENSITIVE TO PROTON RHIZOTOXICITY1 (STOP1) in Arabidopsis is essential for improving plant growth under low-B conditions. STOP1 and the boric acid-channel protein NOD26-LIKE MAJOR INTRINSIC PROTEIN5;1 (NIP5;1) were found to co-localize in root epidermal cells, and STOP1 binds to the 5´-untranslated region of NIP5;1 to activate its expression and enhance B uptake by the roots. Overexpression of STOP1 increased tolerance to low-B stress by up-regulating NIP5;1 transcript levels. Further genetic analyses revealed that STOP1 and NIP5;1 function together in the same pathway to confer low-B tolerance. These results highlight the importance of the STOP1–NIP5;1 module in improving plant growth under low-B conditions.
Small-scale radio jets and tidal disruption events: a theory of high-luminosity compact symmetric objects
Authors: Sullivan Andrew G , Blandford Roger D , Begelman Mitchell C , Birkinshaw Mark , Readhead Anthony C S 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT
Double lobe radio sources associated with active galactic nuclei represent one of the longest studied groups in radio astronomy. A particular subgroup of double radio sources comprises the compact symmetric objects (CSOs). CSOs are distinguished by their prominent double structure and subkpc total size. It has been argued that the vast majority of high-luminosity CSOs (CSO 2s) represent a distinct class of active galactic nuclei with its own morphological structure and lifecycle. In this work, we present theoretical considerations regarding CSO 2s. We develop a semi-analytic evolutionary model, inspired by the results of large-scale numerical simulations of relativistic jets, that reproduces the features of the radio source population. We show that CSO 2s may be generated by finite energy injections and propose stellar tidal disruption events as a possible cause. We find that tidal disruption events of giant branch stars with masses ≳1 M⊙ can fuel these sources and discuss possible approaches to confirming this hypothesis. We predict that if the tidal disruption scenario holds, CSO 2s with sizes less than 400 pc should outnumber larger sources by more than a factor of 10. Our results motivate future numerical studies to determine whether the scenarios we consider for fuelling and source evolution can explain the observed radio morphologies. Multiwavelength observational campaigns directed at these sources will also provide critical insight into the origins of these objects, their environments, and their lifespans.
Seismology of rubble-pile asteroids in binary systems
Authors: DellaGiustina D N , Ballouz R -L , Walsh K J , Marusiak A G , Bray V J , Bailey S H 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT
The mutual gravitational interaction of binary asteroids, which make up approximately 15 per cent of the near-Earth asteroid (NEA) population, provides a continuous tidal force, creating ground motion. We explore the potential of kilometre-sized binary asteroids as targets for seismological studies of their interior structure. We use a numerical model wherein each body is constructed of discrete particles interacting via gravity and contact forces. The system's orbital properties are modelled based on those of typical binary NEAs: a secondary body orbits a primary body at a distance of a few to 10 primary radii, resulting in orbital periods of a few tens of hours. We varied the elastic moduli (stiffness) of the constituent particles and measured a strain of a few micrometres caused by the orbiting satellite. Over eight orbital periods, the acceleration of the strain vector along the primary body's equatorial axis indicates that tidally induced ground motion generated by a binary asteroid system is detectable by modern seismometers, like the instruments deployed on the InSight mission to Mars. Owing to the relatively short orbital period of the satellite – a mean of 25.8 h for known binary NEAs – only a modest mission lifetime would be required for a seismometer to adequately characterize an asteroid's interior through tidally induced deformation. Future deployment of seismometers on binary asteroids will allow for a detailed characterization of the structure of these objects.
The minimal sizes of impactors that formed the Vesta family and 15 other asteroid families
Authors: Leliwa-Kopystynski J , Wlodarczyk I 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The minimal sizes of impactors that produced asteroid families were calculated, and their maximal sizes, i.e. the size that corresponds to head-on collisions, were estimated. We used data for 16 large families and the physical parameters of some members of these families available in NASA's JPL updated in 2022. We found that the typical minimal sizes of family-forming impactors were of the order of one-tenth the size of the parent bodies (PBs). The Themis family, for which the ratio of the radii rimp/RPB = 0.08 and the mass loss is as large as 0.55, presents an example. The families of Juno and Euphrosyne, with the impactor to PB size ratio of an order of 0.01, are rather exceptional. The PBs of Juno and Euphrosyne families lost only 0.0014 and 0.0061 of their mass, respectively. It was found that the double structure of the Vesta family could have originated from two impacts by the bodies with radii as small as about 4 km, at least.
Origin of 60Fe nuclei in cosmic rays: the contribution of local OB associations
Authors: de Séréville Nicolas , Tatischeff Vincent , Cristofari Pierre , Gabici Stefano , Diehl Roland 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT
The presence of live 60Fe nuclei (lifetime of 3.8 Myr) in cosmic rays detected by the Advanced Composition Explorer/Cosmic Ray Isotope Spectrometer instrument suggests a nearby nucleosynthesis source. 60Fe is primarily produced in core-collapse supernovae, and we aim to clarify whether the detected 60Fe nuclei can be associated with a particular local supernova. We consider 25 OB associations and subgroups located within 1 kpc of the Solar system based on recent Gaia census. A model is developed that combines stellar population synthesis within these OB associations, cosmic ray acceleration within associated superbubbles, and cosmic ray transport to the Solar system. The most critical model parameter impacting 60Fe cosmic ray production is the explodability criterion, which determines if a massive star ends its life as a supernova. Our study points to the Scorpius–Centaurus (Sco–Cen) OB association as the most probable origin of the observed 60Fe nuclei, particularly suggesting they were accelerated in the Sco–Cen superbubble by a young supernova aged ≤500 kyr with a progenitor mass of approximately 13–20 M⊙. A less likely source is the supernova at the origin of the Geminga pulsar 342 kyr ago, if the progenitor originated in the Orion OB1 association. The contribution of local OB associations to the cosmic ray density of stable 56Fe is estimated to be around 20 per cent, with some sensitivity to cosmic ray acceleration efficiency and diffusion coefficient. These findings shed light on the origins of cosmic ray nuclei, connecting them to nucleosynthesis events within our local cosmic neighbourhood.
Cloudlet capture model for the accretion streamer onto the disc of DG Tau
Authors: Hanawa Tomoyuki , Garufi Antonio , Podio Linda , Codella Claudio , Segura-Cox Dominique 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT
DG Tau is a nearby T Tauri star associated with a collimated jet, a circumstellar disc, and a streamer a few hundred au long. The streamer connects to the disc at ∼50 au from DG Tau. At this location SO emission is observed, likely due to the release of sulphur from dust grains caused by the shock of the impact of the accretion streamer onto the disc. We investigate the possibility that the DG Tau streamer was produced via cloudlet capture on the basis of hydrodynamic simulations, considering a cloudlet initiating infall at 600 au from DG Tau with low angular momentum so that the centrifugal force is smaller than the gravitational force, even at 50 au. The elongation of the cloudlet into a streamer is caused by the tidal force when its initial velocity is much less than the free-fall velocity. The elongated cloudlet reaches the disc and forms a high-density gas clump. Our hydrodynamic model reproduces the morphology and line-of-sight velocity of CS (5 − 4) emission from the northern streamer observed with Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array. We discuss the conditions for forming a streamer based on the simulations. We also show that the streamer should perturb the disc after impact for several thousands of years.