bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interstitial Manganese‐Tuned Nickel–Iron Diselenide Anode for Efficient and Durable Anion Exchange Membrane Water Electrolysis
Authors: Wang Shihao , Li Ming , Tang Haolin , Zhang Haining 
Published: February 2025

AbstractAnion exchange membrane water electrolysis (AEMWE) employing Ir/Ru‐free anodes emerges as a bright prospect for green hydrogen society. Here, a Ni0.8Fe0.2Mn0.1Se2 nanosheet electrocatalyst is reported, in situ grown on stainless‐steel paper, as an efficient and durable self‐supporting AEMWE anode for oxygen evolution reaction (OER). The interstitial [MnSe4] tetrahedra elevate the Fermi level and narrows the band gap of the electrocatalyst, thereby expediting electrode reaction kinetics and increasing the electrical conductivity. In addition, the interstitial Mn atoms attenuate the electron density of Ni and Fe and motivate phase transition to actual active (Mn, Fe)‐doped γ‐NiOOH species. The downward d‐band center of Ni active center facilitates the rate‐limiting *OOH desorption step, refreshing the active center, and reducing the free energy barriers for OER. Accordingly, the Ni0.8Fe0.2Mn0.1Se2 electrode achieves OER overpotentials of 149 and 232 mV at 10 and 100 mA cm−2 in 1 m KOH. The AEMWE cell incorporating Ni0.8Fe0.2Mn0.1Se2 anode demonstrates high performance (1.0 A cm−2 at 1.68 Vcell) and durability (at 1 A cm−2 for 300 h), surpassing most AEMWE cells that use NiFe‐based anodes. This work highlights the potential of noble‐metal‐free anodes for efficient and durable AEMWE.
Innovative Approach to Achieving Polarization Dependent Highly Directional Nanolasers Through Propagating States in Diverse Plasmonic Lattices
Authors: Lv Fanzhou , Zheng Yan , Wang Yi , Wie Hao , Tang Min , Ma Libo , Vaynzof Yana , Wang Wenxin 
Published: February 2025

AbstractWith their extremely small mode volumes, excellent field enhancement, and low radiative loss, metallic nanoparticle arrays supporting plasmonic lattice resonances have emerged as a potential design for on‐chip plasmonic lasers. Due to the similarities between photonic crystals and plasmonic lattices in terms of structural features and energy band structure, the properties of plasmonic lattice‐based nanolasers, including low threshold, lasing wavelength, coherence, directionality, and polarization, can be designed using band structure computations. Here 2D plasmonic lattices of Al nanocone arrays (NCAs) are presented, supporting narrow linewidth resonances that provide optical feedback for the stimulated emission process of optically pumped Rhodamine 6G (R6G). Remarkably, highly directional nanoscale lasing with polarization dependence at red‐light wavelengths is presented by the artificially predesigned plasmonic band structure at the propagating state with different lattice symmetries and enables effective coupling with quantum emitters at various wavelengths. Furthermore, the lasing dynamics in these structures are also investigated, employing a dynamic semi‐quantum approach that considers both stimulated and spontaneous emission. These findings broaden the lasing characteristics diversity in plasmonic nanoparticle arrays and provide a simple framework for presenting promising prospects for the management and operation of on‐chip nanoscale laser sources.
Graphitized Layers Encapsulated Carbon Nanofibers as Li‐Free Anode for Hybrid Li‐Ion/Metal Batteries
Authors: Lyu Taiyu , Liang Lizhe , Liu Kaige , Luo Fenqiang , Fan Qianyu , Guo Peiwan , Wang Dechao , Wei Guozhen , Tao Lei , Zheng Zhifeng 
Published: February 2025

AbstractHard carbon, the Li‐free anode for hybrid Li‐ion/metal batteries (LIB/LMBs), has great potential for enhancing fast charging capability, energy density, and battery lifespan. However, low initial Coulombic efficiency (ICE) and Li dendrite growth are crucial factors constraining its development. In this work, graphitized layers encapsulated carbon nanofibers (G‐CF) are fabricated via Joule heating within 10 s. The Csp2 structure in graphitized layers reduces side reactions with the electrolyte, promotes LiC compound formation, and improves Li ions/metal reversibility. The inner amorphous carbon structure boosts fast charging capability. As a result, the G‐CF anode attains an 85.2% high ICE and exhibits long‐term cycling stability. Under 2 C fast charging, it maintains an average Coulombic efficiency of 99.94% and a 500 mAh g−1 capacity after 200 cycles. Moreover, when the N/P ratio is 0.5, the G‐CF||NCM811full cell has an ICE of 84.5% and provides a capacity of 530.8 mAh g−1 and an energy density of 365.9 Wh kg−1 at 1C. The G‐CF||LFP full cell can also provide a capacity of 541.0 mAh g−1 under the same N/P ratio. A 30 mAh pouch cell can stably cycle over 100 times. This heterogeneous hard carbon design paves a revolutionary path for manufacturing high‐efficiency Li‐free anodes for hybrid LIB/LMBs.
MAPbX3 Perovskite Single Crystals for Advanced Optoelectronic Applications: Progress, Challenges, and Perspective
Authors: Dong Xue , Shen Yue , Wang Fangmin , He Zemin , Zhao Yuzhen , Miao Zongcheng , Wu Zhongbin 
Published: February 2025

AbstractPerovskite single crystals have garnered significant attention due to their impressive properties in optoelectronic applications, including long carrier diffusion lengths, low trap‐state densities, and enhanced stability. Methylamino lead halide perovskite (MAPbX3, where X is a halogen such as Cl, Br, or I) is a notable example of a metal halide perovskite with desirable properties and ideal cubic perovskites with a tolerance factor between 0.9 and 1.0. MAPbX3 has adjustable bandgap, high thermal and chemical stability, and excellent light absorption capacity. Here the unique characteristics of MAPbX3, including molecular structure, optical absorption properties, and carrier transport of MAPbX3 single crystals are summarized. Universal growth technologies for MAPbX3 single crystals, including inverse temperature crystallization, anti‐solvent evaporation crystallization, solvent evaporation method, and single‐crystalline thin film, including epitaxial method and space limiting method, are briefly introduced. Additionally, a comprehensive review of MAPbX3 single crystals in various optoelectronic device applications, including photodetectors, X‐ray detectors, light‐emitting diodes, lasers, and solar cells is mainly discussed. Finally, the current challenges and future prospects of the large‐scale preparation and growth of MAPbX3 single crystals are put forward. With the continuous progress of photoelectric technology, more innovative photoelectric applications in the future are expected to bring more convenience and progress.
Recent Advances in DNA‐Templated Protein Patterning
Authors: Xia Qinglin , Zhou Mo , Jiao Kai , Li Bin , Guo Linjie , Wang Lihua , Li Jiang 
Published: February 2025

AbstractIn recent decades, the advancement of DNA nanotechnology enables precise nanoscale organization of diverse functional materials with DNA templates. Particularly, a variety of DNA‐templated protein patterns are constructed as powerful tools for programming biomimetic protein complexes. In this review, recent progress in DNA‐templated protein patterning, including cutting‐edge methods for arranging proteins with DNA templates, and protein patterns across varying dimensions are briefly summarized. Representative applications in biological analysis and biomedicine are discussed. DNA‐protein patterns with programmable dynamics, which hold promise in precision diagnosis and therapeutics are highlighted. Finally, current challenges and opportunities in the fabrication and application of DNA‐templated protein pattering are discussed.
Mechanically Robust 3D Flexible Electrodes via Embedding Conductive Nanomaterials in the Surface of Polymer Networks
Authors: Kim Sangmok , Yoo Dongwoo , Kim Joonwon 
Published: February 2025

Abstract3D flexible electrodes are essential to implement flexible pressure sensors in various flexible electronic applications. Conventional methods for fabricating these electrodes include electroless deposition, spray coating, and incorporating conductive nanomaterials into a polymer matrix. However, the electrodes fabricated using these methods are characterized by poor adhesion between the conductive layer and polymer surface and fail to maintain intrinsic mechanical properties of the polymer, such as elastic modulus and ductility. Herein, a transfer method in which conductive nanomaterials are embedded into the surface of polymer networks via optimal surface energy control is proposed, such as reducing adhesion between the mold and nanomaterials. This method induces mechanical interlocking between the surface of polymer networks and conductive nanomaterials, firmly anchoring them onto the polymer network surface. Moreover, the intrinsic mechanical properties of the fabricated 3D flexible electrodes remain unchanged. Flexible capacitive sensors prepared using the resulting electrodes exhibit a stable sensing performance (ΔC0,5000/C0 = 0.169%) even under repetitive pressure conditions (5000 cycles at 70 kPa). The proposed robust 3D flexible electrode fabrication method presents a promising strategy for the future development of flexible pressure sensors.
Decoding Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: Insights from Multi‐Fluid Metabolomic Analysis
Authors: Xu Xiaoyu , Tan Haisong , Zhang Wei , Liu Wanshan , Chen Yanbo , Zhang Juxiang , Gu Meng , Yang Yanxi , Chen Qi , Wang Yuning , Qian Kun , Xu Bin 
Published: February 2025

AbstractWith the rising incidence of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) due to societal aging, accurate and early diagnosis has become increasingly critical. The clinical challenges associated with BPH diagnosis, particularly the lack of specific biomarkers that can differentiate BPH from other causes of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). Here, matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI MS) metabolomic detection platform utilizing urine and serum samples is applied to explore metabolic information and identify potential biomarkers in designed cohort. The nanoparticle‐assisted platform demonstrated rapid analysis, minimal sample consumption, and high reproducibility. Employing a two‐step grouping screening approach, the identification of urinary metabolic patterns (UMPs) is automated to distinguish healthy individuals from LUTS group, followed by the use of serum metabolic patterns (SMPs) to accurately identify BPH cases within the LUTS cohort, achieving an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.830 (95% CI: 0.802‐0.851). Furthermore, eight BPH‐sensitive metabolic markers are identified, confirming their uniform distribution across age groups (p > 0.05). This research contributes valuable insights for the early diagnosis and personalized treatment of BPH, enhancing clinical practice and patient care.
Growth Pathway and Phase Transition From Quasi‐layered Pt5Se4 to Layered PtSe2 Nanocrystals
Authors: Si Nan , Wang Rui , He Qingyuan , Liu Siyu , Wang Yanming , Yuan Qinglin 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe discovery and control of phases is a significant endeavor for materials science. PtSe2, as a stable Pt─Se phase, is controllably synthesized for electronic, optoelectronic, and electrocatalytic applications, while research on another stable Pt─Se phase, Pt5Se4, is limited to calculations. Moreover, the growth mechanisms and phase transition of Pt─Se compounds remain unclear. Here, we report a two‐step growth pathway of PtSe2 with a stable Pt5Se4 phase as intermediate and reveal the Pt‐Pt5Se4‐PtSe2 transition process. The synthesis of PtSe2 and Pt5Se4 nanocrystals is achieved by controlling the degree of selenization. Theoretical calculations prove that Pt5Se4 phase is thermodynamically favorable under Se‐deficient conditions and PtSe2 nanocrystals are formed along with the diffusion of Pt and Se atoms. This work greatly enriches the knowledge on the growth mechanism and phase transition of Pt─Se compounds, and offers insights into the controlled synthesis of Pt5Se4 for future electrocatalysis and electronic devices.
Monetary and Non-monetary Benefit Sharing Under the BBNJ Agreement
Authors: Broggiato Arianna , Dunshirn Paul , Jaspars Marcel , Pena-Neira Sergio 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This chapter describes and interprets the system for sharing the benefits arising from activities with respect to marine genetic resources (MGR) and digital sequence information (DSI) on MGR of areas beyond national jurisdiction (ABNJ) that is being set up by the Agreement under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea on the Conservation and Sustainable use of Marine Biological Diversity of Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction. The chapter provides an overview of discussions and rationales behind the negotiations of this system. It highlights the crucial compromises made to find a creative solution for a de-coupled monetary benefit sharing in the first phase of implementation, and to include digital sequence information in the scope of application and in the operational provisions. It also shows the contribution that the Agreement will make to the harmonisation and further improvement of best scientific practices in disclosing certain data in open access and in involving developing countries’ scientists in the research pipelines. Moreover, the chapter shows how important novelties have been integrated and made legally binding: the deposit of available samples in publicly accessible repositories, thus amplifying access to MGR of ABNJ; and the use of a batch identifier to ensure that samples are linked to materials stored in collections and to the relevant data stored in databases, and that these three elements are retrievable with the use of one single batch identifier. The chapter concludes that several open questions remain, related to modalities for monetary benefit sharing to be decided by the Conference of the Parties, and to the requirement that the monetary benefit-sharing solution related to DSI is mutually supportive of and adaptable to other access and benefit-sharing instruments.
Monitoring and Transparency Aspects of MGR-Utilization Under the BBNJ Agreement
Authors: Langlet Arne , Dunshirn Paul , Jaspars Marcel , Humphries Fran , Kachelriess Daniel 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This chapter examines monitoring and transparency aspects in the governance of marine genetic resources (MGR) as outlined in Article 16 of the Agreement under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea on the Conservation and Sustainable Use of Marine Biological Diversity of Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction (BBNJ). It focuses on the development, negotiation history, and operational dynamics of a monitoring and transparency system which combines notification and reporting processes with digital identifiers to streamline the tracing of MGR utilization. By comparing these new measures with existing international frameworks, the chapter assesses the potential gaps and future policy developments necessary to ensure the effectiveness of the monitoring and transparency mechanism in promoting equitable benefit-sharing and responsible use of MGR.
Introduction: Brunei Darussalam’s Economy—Transition towards Development
Authors: Khalid Ahmed M. , Jetin Bruno 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The global economy is experiencing a major transformation which requires countries, specifically developing countries, to adopt new policies for economic development. Many developing economies need policies to cope with the emerging challenges of environmental change, technological revolution, the high volume of globalised trade and financial flows, cross-border labour movement, rising inequality, and frequent occurrences of economic crises and natural disasters. The United Nation’s 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) suggests that economic development should have a multidimensional context that includes economic, social and environmental aspects and not just income. Given the recent trends of globalisation, such development is also linked to regional and global factors. Although the development experience of some emerging economies since the 1990s suggests that the fast pace of economic reforms has led to high gross domestic product (GDP) growth, the benefits are not equally distributed. As a consequence, the notion of ‘development in transition’ (DiT) requires not only a mix of well-designed policies but also timely implementation, enforcement and monitoring of such policies, as well as international cooperation to ensure sustainable development and distribution of benefits on an equitable basis. This introductory chapter discusses the evolution of development models suggested in the literature and practised by developing countries. It then provides an overview of Brunei Darussalam’s transitions towards development. Finally, it presents a summary of all the chapters in this volume. The deliberations suggest that more commitments towards policy implementation would help the country achieve the targets set out in its Wawasan Brunei 2035 development blueprint.
Cross-border Tourism between Brunei Darussalam and Sarawak, Malaysia
Authors: Chin Wei Lee 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Borders set the authorised limits of national sovereignty or the frontiers up to which a state may exercise its authority. In recent years, cross-border tourism has become an increasingly important economic activity between Brunei Darussalam and the East Malaysian state of Sarawak. This chapter focuses on factors influencing the frequency of cross-border tourism and investigates the cross-border shopping behaviour of Bruneian visitors crossing between Brunei and Miri in Sarawak. The surge in visits to Sarawak may have profound implications for Brunei’s revenue as high outflows of expenditure are believed to have contributed to a significant number of economic leakages. The approximate number of times people leaving Brunei was recorded as high as 2.4 million in 2018–2019, before the COVID-19 pandemic. This analysis aims to examine the purchasing patterns of Bruneian visitors as well as their motivating factors. The latter are alluded to as drivers of cross-border tourism with major reasons including price benefits, a favourable exchange rate as well as non-price factors such as the availability of choice.
Operational Excellence through Managing Values in the Brunei Darussalam Public Sector
Authors: Hamdan Mahani 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Operational excellence and continuous improvement are conceptually distinct but closely related. Operational excellence aims to achieve a long-term change in organisational culture while continuous improvement focuses on the process. Operational excellence (including lean manufacturing, Six Sigma and total quality management) has been applied extensively by private firms and companies in the industrial field and today these methodologies are also widely utilised in public organisations to achieve quality excellence in public services. Increases in global competition have put pressure on public services to be as productive and efficient as private services. This chapter aims to explain and uncover the conceptual definition of operational excellence in the context of Brunei Darussalam, analyse the methodologies used to frame it and discuss the challenges faced by public services in implementing it. The study presents data from two sources. The primary data derive from semi-structured interviews with 17 middle management officers from various government departments and agencies using a convenience sampling technique. Secondary data are based on a review of journal articles, reports and news. Results show that operational excellence in Brunei’s public services is defined in terms of processes measured by quality management, productivity, efficiency and effectiveness, and can be achieved through total quality management, balanced scorecards, and programme and performance budgeting. Other elements include value congruence, leadership, human resource management practices, service strategy and cultural involvement which are also critical in pushing excellence within an organisation, together with innovation, technology and policies appropriate to the national stages of socioeconomic development.
Natural Resource Rents and Economic Development: Evidence from Brunei Darussalam
Authors: Slesman Ly 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This chapter examines Brunei Darussalam’s economic development from the perspective of an oil and gas-dependent economy. First, using relevant socio-economic indicators, it assesses the economic structures, tracing their evolution to their current forms, the dynamics of Brunei’s reliance on the oil and gas sector, and the relative importance of the non-oil and gas sector in its economic progress. Is Brunei’s experience with oil and gas dependency in line with the ‘resource curse’ or ‘resource blessing’ viewpoints? What do the data say? The analysis provides answers to these questions by quantifying short- and long-run effects of oil and gas rents on economic growth over the 1970–2019 period using the dynamic time series econometric modelling framework of the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model. Given the importance of economic diversification in achieving Wawasan Brunei 2035 (Brunei Vision 2035), the chapter further discusses its progress and challenges.
Exploring Brunei Darussalam’s Trade Dynamics: Leveraging ASEAN Plus Three and beyond from Its Production Base
Authors: Loon Pang Wei 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This chapter provides an overview and analysis of the trade linkages between Brunei Darussalam and its main trading partners. Given its small domestic market, the country has relied heavily on oil and gas exports to promote growth and sustain its high standard of living. At the product level, Brunei is mainly dependent on two products, crude oil and natural gas. Its main export markets have been to neighbouring countries in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), such as Singapore and Malaysia, while Japan has always been a major export market and in recent years China is becoming a very important partner, especially in terms of imports. ASEAN Plus Three is currently one of the most important trading partners for Brunei but there is still potential to further boost trade and investment opportunities within this bloc. As a resource-based economy, Brunei is mostly involved in interindustry trade (trade in different products), although in recent years there has been a tendency to diversify into exports of methanol. There is also a higher level of intra-industry trade in crude oil, as Brunei has started production of processed petroleum. The higher level of intra-industry trade in these products can be attributed to joint ventures with firms from China and Japan. Recently there has also been an increase in China’s investments into important industries in Brunei. The domestic content of gross exports is very high though it is focused mainly on exports of raw materials.