bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determination of the relationship between sperm morphologic classifications and fertility in stallions: 66 cases (1987-1988)
Authors: Jasko D. J. , Lein D. H. , Foote R. H. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
The analysis of breeding records and sperm morphologic classifications from ejaculated semen during 99 stallion seasons, over a 2-year period, revealed a significant correlation (r = 0.34, P < 0.01) between the percentage of morphologically normal sperm in ejaculates and the per cycle fertility estimate of the stallions studied. In addition, the percentage of sperm classified as having major defects (abnormal heads, proximal droplets, and abnormal midpieces) was significantly inversely correlated (r = −0.36, P < 0.01) with the same fertility estimates. Multiple variable regression demonstrated that the variation in 2 morphologic features classified as major defects, abnormal heads, and proximal droplets, accounted for the largest amount of variation in fertility. It appears that in stallions, a large percentage of ejaculated sperm with major defects or other defects in combination with major defects is associated with a larger reduction in fertility than is associated with other defects.
Serum thyroid hormone concentrations in clinically normal dogs after administration of freshly reconstituted vs previously frozen and stored thyrotropin
Authors: Kobayashi Dani L. , Nichols Rhett , Peterson Mark E. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Concentrations of serum thyroxine (T4) and 3,3′ ,5-triiodothyronine (T3) were determined in 7 clinically healthy adult dogs before and after administration of freshly reconstituted thyrotropin (tsh) and tsh that had been previously reconstituted and frozen for 1, 2, and 3 months. The 4 tsh response tests were performed at 30-day intervals by collecting blood samples for serum T4 and T3 determinations before and 4 and 6 hours after iv administration of tsh (0.1 U/kg of body weight). Baseline serum concentrations of T4 and T3 were similar at each of the 4 sample collection times over the 3-month period of the study. Mean serum concentrations of T4 and T3 increased significantly (P < 0.01) over baseline values after administration of freshly reconstituted tsh or tsh that had been previously frozen for 1, 2, or 3 months. Significant difference was not found in the mean post-tsh serum T4 or T3 concentration after injection of freshly reconstituted tsh or tsh that had been previously frozen for 1, 2, or 3 months. In 2 of the 7 dogs, mild reactions—mild ataxia and weakness—were observed during the last of the series of tsh response tests (ie, after iv administration of tsh that had been previously frozen for 3 months). Results of this study suggest that for use in dogs, reconstituted tsh stored at — 20C maintains adequate biological activity for at least 3 months. The ability to store reconstituted tsh for a longer period than the recommended 48 hours represents an economic advantage, because it allows clinicians to perform more tsh response tests per vial of tsh.
Serum thyroxine concentrations following fixed-dose radioactive iodine treatment in hyperthyroid cats: 62 cases (1986-1989)
Authors: Meric Susan M. , Rubin Stanley I. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
The medical records of 62 hyperthyroid cats treated with a fixed dose of 4 mCi of radioactive iodine (131I) were reviewed. In 60 cats, serum thyroxine concentrations were determined after treatment, allowing evaluation of treatment success. Eighty-four percent of the cats had normal serum thyroxine concentrations after treatment. Five of the 60 cats (8%) remained hyperthyroxinemic after treatment. Five cats (8%) were hypothyroxinemic when evaluated within 60 days of treatment. Three of these cats had normal serum thyroxine concentrations 6 months after treatment, and none had clinical signs of hypothyroidism. The administration of a fixed dose of 4 mCi of 131I was determined to be an effective treatment for feline hyperthyroidism.
Effects of sedation on intradermal skin testing in flea-allergic dogs
Authors: Beale Karin Muth , Kunkle Gail A. , Chalker Linda , Cannon Randall 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Effects of 4 commonly used sedatives on the wheal-and-flare response to histamine and flea antigen were evaluated in 8 flea-allergic Beagles. Skin testing was performed on 12 separate occasions, 3 to 4 days apart. Twelve intradermal injections were given during each skin test: 5 doubling dilutions of histamine phosphate, 6 doubling dilutions of flea antigen, and a phosphate-buffered saline solution (negative control). Of the 12 intradermal skin tests, 8 were control tests performed on nonsedated dogs. The remaining 4 tests were performed on dogs sedated with xylazine, ketamine and valium combination, acepromazine, or oxymorphone. Oxymorphone had the most profound effect on skin test results, significantly (P < 0.05) decreasing skin responsiveness in 8 of 11 test sites (by objective evaluation) and in 5 of 11 test sites (by subjective evaluation). Xylazine sedation enhanced skin test results in 4 of 11 test sites (by objective evaluation) and in 1 of 11 test sites (by subjective evaluation). In no instance did xylazine significantly decrease skin responsiveness to histamine or flea antigen. Xylazine is the recommended sedative in dogs when sedation is necessary for intradermal skin testing.
Clinical and epizootiologic characteristics of dogs seropositive for Borrelia burgdorferi in Texas: 110 cases (1988)
Authors: Cohen N.D. , Carter C.N. , Thomas M.A. , Angulo A.B. , Eugster A.K. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Of 2,409 canine serum samples submitted to the Texas Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory between Jan 1, 1988 and Dec 31, 1988 and tested by immunofluorescent antibody technique for antibody to Borrelia borgdorferi, 132 (5.5%) had positive results. Clinical and epizootiologic characteristics of seropositive dogs from Texas (n = 110) were examined. Male dogs were more likely than female dogs to be seropositive for B burgdorferi. The most frequent clinical sign of disease described in seropositive dogs was lameness; neurologic, ophthalmologic, dermatologic, renal, and hepatic signs also were reported by referring veterinarians.
Considerations for use of descriptive epidemiology to investigate fetal loss in dairy cows
Authors: Thurmond M. C. , Picanso J. P. , Jameson C. M. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Various descriptive approaches were taken in a prospective investigation to characterize fetal loss in cows on a California dairy. The methods and observations were offered for consideration by practitioners engaged in dairy herd health medicine. For 4,732 pregnancies followed from 2,163 cows in a 6.5 year period, the respective proportions (percentage) of cows aborting (1 – cumulative proportion not aborting by 260 days) and abortion densities (abortions per 10,000 cow-days-at-risk) were 10.63 and 6.29 for all fetal deaths, 9.36 and 5.49 for deaths resulting in fetal expulsion, and 1.39 and 0.80 for deaths resulting in mummification. The greatest risk of fetal death (119 deaths/10,000 fetuses/d) was observed between 98 and 105 days of gestation, and median age at fetal death ranged from 99.0 to 105.5 days. Abortion density for fetal deaths resulting in mummification for cows conceiving during September (1.61/10,000 fetuses/d) and October (1.63/10,000 fetuses/d) was tenfold greater than that for cows conceiving in February (0.16/10,000 fetuses/d) and was twice that of the overall rate (0.84/10,000 fetuses/d). For cohorts of nonculled cows, abortion rate increased after 5 years of age, after 5 pregnancies, or after 4 calvings. For cows with at least one previous abortion, the proportion aborting (14.50%) was higher than that for cows without a previous abortion (12.14%). For a given gravidity, abortion rate was higher among cows that had experienced a previous abortion, compared with those that had not. These methods and observations may help provide a logical foundation on which to base clinical hypotheses regarding causes of abortion, and they may offer insight into pitfalls of bias and confounding to be anticipated.
Efficacy of tiamulin against experimentally induced Streptococcus suis type-2 infection in swine
Authors: Chengappa M. M. , Pace L. W. , Williams J. A. , Herren C. H. , Ascher S. E. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Eighteen 4-week-old pigs were used in a study to evaluate tiamulin in drinking water for control of experimentally induced Streptococcus suis type-2 infection. Pigs in groups A and B (n = 6 pigs/group) were aerosolized with a logarithmic-growth phase culture of S suis type 2, whereas pigs in group C (n = 6 pigs) served as noninfected and nonmedicated controls. After exposure to S suis, pigs in group B were given 180 mg of tiamulin/L of drinking water for 5 days. Pigs in group B consumed more feed (P = 0.009) and gained body weight faster (P = 0.02) than did pigs in group A. Pigs in group A had higher rectal temperature (P = 0.05) for up to 7 days after S suis exposure, higher clinical sign scores (P = 0.008), higher serum cortisol concentration on days 7 and 14, higher gross lesion scores (P = 0.03), and higher microscopic lesion scores (P = 0.01) than did pigs in groups B and C. Gross and microscopic lesions in pigs of groups A and B included meningitis, pneumonia, pleuritis, pericarditis, peritonitis, and synovitis of variable severity. Streptococcus suis type 2 was recovered from tissue specimens of 2 group-A pigs and 1 group-B pig. Data indicated that tiamulin administered via drinking water significantly reduced the effects of S suis type-2 infection.
Sympathetic activation in dogs with congestive heart failure caused by chronic mitral valve disease and dilated cardiomyopathy
Authors: Ware W. A. , Lund D. D. , Subieta A. R. , Schmid P. G. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Baseline plasma norepinephrine (ne) and epinephrine (epi) concentrations were measured in dogs with naturally acquired heart failure (hf) caused by either degenerative mitral valve disease and mitral regurgitation (mr) or idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (dcm). Compared with controls (clinically normal), dogs with hf had increased plasma ne concentration, which was correlated positively with clinical severity of hf. Dogs with the most severe degree of hf (New York Heart Association functional class IV) had mean ne concentration significantly (P < 0.05) greater than that of dogs with all other functional classes of hf. Overall, mean ne concentration in dogs with dcm was greater than that in dogs with mr. Plasma epi concentration was not different between control dogs and dogs with hf or between dogs with dcm or mr. Correlations were not found between the echocardiographically derived end systolic volume index (used as an estimate of myocardial function) and plasma ne and epi concentrations or serum sodium or potassium concentration. Dogs with dcm, as a group, had a small but Significant (P < 0.05) decrease in serum sodium concentration, compared with dogs with mr. This difference was maintained only for class-IV hf when dogs were separated according to functional hf class. In dogs with dcm, Significant inverse correlation was found between plasma ne and serum sodium concentrations. When grouped together, all dogs with hf maintained this relationship; however, dogs with mr did not have correlation between plasma ne and serum sodium concentrations. Plasma epi and serum sodium concentrations were not correlated for any group. It was concluded that in dogs, plasma ne, but not epi, concentration is high in relation to the clinical severity of naturally acquired hf. Although dogs with dcm overall had greater increase in plasma ne concentration than did dogs with primary mr, a direct relation was not evident between a noninvasive estimate of myocardial function and plasma ne concentration. The lower serum sodium values found in dogs with dcm, especially those with most severe clinical hf, along with the higher mean plasma ne concentration, may indicate a greater degree of decompensation and neurohumoral activation, compared with that in dogs with mr.
Epizootiologic patterns of diabetes mellitus in cats: 333 cases (1980-1986)
Authors: Panciera David L. , Thomas Chester B. , Eicker Steven W. , Atkins Clarke E. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Medical records from 333 cats with diabetes mellitus were studied retrospectively, using epidemiologic methods to determine the incidence of and risk factors for diabetes mellitus in this species. Abstracts were derived, using the Veterinary Medical Data Program with its 17 participating academic institutions in the United States and Canada. A reference population of 135,651 cats was derived from the same hospital population and time span (july 1980 to June 1986).
The incidence of diabetes mellitus in cats was determined to be 2.45 cases/1,000 cat-years-of-risk during the 6-year study period. Breed had no detectable effect on risk for diabetes mellitus. In contrast, body weight, age, gender, and neutering had a significant (P ≤ 0.01) effect. Body weight of cats was categorized as being < or ≥ 6.8 kg. The higher body weight, probably indicating obesity, contributed a 2.2-fold increase in risk, even after adjustment for age and gender (adjusted odds ratio). The etiologic fraction for high body weight was 3.8%, suggesting that an estimated 3.8% of cases of diabetes mellitus was attributable to this factor alone. Over 50% of diabetic cats were > 10 years old, and the etiologic fraction for age > 7 years alone was 73.5%. Age was a significant (P < 0.001) and the most important single risk factor for development of the disease in cats, with adjusted odds ratios of 8.3 and 14.4 for age 7 to 10 years and > 10 years, respectively. Unlike human beings and dogs, male cats were at 1.5 times greater risk for developing diabetes mellitus than were females, and neutered cats were at nearly twice the risk as sexually intact cats. The adjusted odds-risk ratio for neutered males, sexually intact males, spayed females, and sexually intact females was 2.8, 2.1, 1.9, and 1, respectively.
Rabies surveillance in the United States during 1989
Authors: Reid-Sanden Frances L. , Dobbins James G. , Smith Jean S. , Fishbein Daniel B. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
In 1989, 4,808 cases of rabies in animals other than human beings were reported to the Centers for Disease Control, 1.8% more (4,724 to 4,808) than in 1988. Eighty-eight percent (4,224/4,808) of those affected were wild animals and 12% (584/4,808) were domestic animals. Cases were reported from 49 states, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico; Hawaii remained rabies-free. Skunks (1,657) continued to be the most commonly reported rabid wild animal. For the second consecutive year, more cats (212) were reported to be infected with rabies virus than any other domestic species. Compared with their 1988 reports, 5 states reported increases of greater than 100% (Alaska, 109%; New Jersey, 233%; Ohio, 133%; Oklahoma, 168%; and Washington, 125%), and 5 states reported decreases of greater than 50% (Connecticut, 63%; Mississippi, 56%; Montana, 67%; Nevada, 55%; and West Virginia, 53%) in 1989.
Prolongation of anesthesia with xylazine, ketamine, and guaifenesin in horses: 64 cases (1986-1989)
Authors: McCarty John E. , Trim Cynthia M. , Ferguson Duncan 
Published: December 2023

Summary
On 74 occasions, 54 horses and 6 foals were anesthetized with xylazine and ketamine or xylazine, guaifenesin, and ketamine, with or without butorphanol. On 64 occasions, anesthesia was prolonged for up to 70 minutes (34 ± 15 min) by administration of 1 to 9 supplemental iv injections of xylazine and ketamine at approximately a third the initial dosage. All horses except 5 were positioned in lateral recumbency, and oxygen was insufflated.
In adult horses, the time from induction of anesthesia to the first supplemental xylazine and ketamine injection was 13 ± 4 minutes and the time between supplemental injections was 12.1 ± 3.7 minutes. These results were consistent with predicted plasma ketamine concentration calculated from previously published pharmacokinetic data for ketamine in horses. Respiratory and heart rates and coccygeal artery pressure remained consistent for the duration of anesthesia. The average interval between the last injection of ketamine and assumption of sternal position was approximately 30 minutes, and was the same regardless of the number of supplemental injections. The time to standing was significantly longer (P < 0.05) in horses given 2 supplemental injections, compared with those not given any or only given 1, but was not longer in horses given 3 supplemental injections. Recovery was considered unsatisfactory in 5 horses, but did not appear to be related to prolongation of anesthesia.
Histopathologic study of uveitis in cats: 139 cases (1978-1988)
Authors: Peiffer Robert L. , Wilcock Brian P. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Histopathologic findings in 158 globes obtained from 139 cats by enucleation or at necropsy, with histopathologic diagnosis of uveitis, were compared, and morphology was correlated with clinical and/or histopathologic diagnosis. The most common morphologic feature was a lymphocytic-plasmacytic anterior uveal infiltrate that was either diffuse or nodular; specific cause could not be associated with this nongranulomatous anterior uveitis. In decreasing order of frequency, other common causes of uveitis in cats included feline infectious peritonitis; FeLV-associated lymphosarcoma; trauma; and lens-induced uveitis.
Relationship of strain 19 calfhood vaccination in beef herds and brucellosis reactor rates, duration of quarantine, and number of herd tests
Authors: Dietrich R. A. , Amosson S. H. , Crawford R. P. , Beal V. C. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Initial and cumulative reactor rates for strain 19 vaccinates and nonvaccinates were significantly (P < 0.001) lower for beef herds containing variable proportions of vaccinates, compared with reactor rates in nonvaccinated herds. In addition, significant (P < 0.005) reduction in cumulative incidence was observed in nonvaccinated and strain 19-vaccinated cattle as the proportion of vaccinates within the herd increased from 1 to 19%, 20 to 39%, 40 to 59%, and 60 to 100%. Duration of quarantine and number of herd tests were not reduced in herds with strain 19-vaccinated cattle. In herds released from quarantine, duration of quarantine and number of tests were positively correlated to proportion of the herd vaccinated. In nonvaccinated herds released from quarantine, effect of herd size was documented by strong positive (P = 0.042) correlation with duration of quarantine and slightly weaker correlation (P = 0.095) with number of tests.
Prognostic factors and survival of horses with ocular/adnexal squamous cell carcinoma: 147 cases (1978-1988)
Authors: Dugan Steven J. , Roberts Steven M. , Curtis Charles R. , Severin Glenn A. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Between January 1978 and December 1988, 147 horses with ocular/adnexal squamous cell carcinoma (scc) were admitted to the Colorado State University Veterinary Teaching Hospital (CSU-VTH). Diagnosis was conjirmed by histologic examination of appropriate tissue specimens. Medical records and communication with owners, referring veterinarians, or both provided information regarding initial examination, treatment at the CSU-VTH, and final outcome. At initial examination, 123 (83.7%) horses had unilateral involvement and 24 (16.3%) horses had bilateral involvement. The nictitating membrane, nasal canthus, or both (28.1%); limbus (27.5%); and eyelid (22.8%) were most commonly affected. In addition to the ocular/adnexal location, scc was found elsewhere in 14 (9.5%) horses at initial examination. Adequate follow-up (≥ 4 months) for examination of tumor recurrence and survival analysis was obtained for 125 (85.0%) cases. After treatment at the CSU-VTH, tumor recurred in 30.4% of the cases. Tumor location, multiple vs single tumors at initial diagnosis, and CSU-VTH treatment modality influenced the recurrence of tumors. Survival analysis revealed a good prognosis for horses with ocular/adnexal scc. Although undefined, a conservative estimate of the median survival time was 47 months. Six factors (treatment prior to referral, tumor location, tumor size, single or multiple tumors, treatment modality at the CSU-VTH, and recurrence or nonrecurrence) were analyzed to determine their relation with survival. Treatment prior to referral, multiple vs single tumors at initial examination, and treatment modality used at the CSU-VTH did not influence survival. Tumor location influenced survival; scc involving the eyelid or orbit was associated with the poorest prognosis. Tumor stage (maximal dimension) was inversely related with survival. One or more recurrences of scc markedly reduced the likelihood of survival.
Transfusion of type-A and type-B blood to cats
Authors: Giger Urs , Bücheler Jorg 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Although nearly all domestic shorthair and longhair cats have type-A blood (> 99%), the frequency of blood type B in various feline breeds ranges from 0 to 59%. All blood-type-B cats have strong natural alloantibodies, predominantly of the IgM class, whereas blood-type-A cats have low alloantibody titers of the IgG and IgM classes. We therefore studied the efficacy and safety of transfusing 20 ml of matched and mismatched 14C-potassium cyanate-labeled blood to cats. In autologous and allogeneic matched transfusions of blood-type-A and type-B cats, the half-life of labeled erythrocytes proved to be similar (29 to 39 days). In contrast, type-B erythrocytes transfused into 5 blood-type-A cats had a mean (± sd) half-life of only 2.1 ± 0.2 days and induced minor transfusion reactions. Half of the type-A blood given to 4 blood-type-B cats was destroyed within minutes to 6 hours (mean ± sd = 1.3 ± 2.3 hours), depending on the alloantibody titer. After 1 day, none of the labeled erythrocytes were detected. Mismatched transfusions in blood-type-B cats caused marked transient reactions including systemic anaphylactic signs (hypotension, bradycardia, apnea, urination, defecation, vomiting, and severe neurologic depression) and hemolytic signs (hemoglobinemia and pigmenturia) associated with severe reduction in plasma alloantibody titer and complement activity.
We conclude that the rapid destruction of type-A erythrocytes transfused into blood-type-B cats predominantly occurs intravascularly and is complement- and IgM-mediated, whereas type-B erythrocytes administered to blood-type-A cats are mostly extravascularly hemolysed by a process involving small amounts of IgG and IgM, but without marked complement activation. Thus, any first or subsequent AB-mismatched transfusions are ineffective and life threatening. We therefore recommend the practice of blood typing or cross-matching prior to transfusing blood in cats to prevent any incompatibility reactions and to assure efficacy.