bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modelling of energetic particle drive and damping effects on TAEs in AUG experiment with ECCD
Authors: Calado R. , Nabais F. , Sharapov S.E. , Schneider P. , Kazakov Ye. , Garcia-Muñoz M. , Snicker A. , Ferreira J. , Coelho R. , Dreval M. , Fuertes J. , Galdon-Quiroga J. , Gonzalez-Martin J. , Karpushov A. , Stober J. , Tardini G. , Van Zeeland M.A. ,   the ASDEX Upgrade Team
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The impact of electron cyclotron current drive (ECCD)-driven current on toroidicity-induced Alfvén eigenmodes (TAEs) in experiments on the AUG tokamak is investigated numerically. The dynamical evolution of the plasma profiles and equilibria are modelled with European transport solver, while ion cyclotron resonance heating-accelerated H-minority ions exciting TAEs are assessed with the PION code. TAEs, their drive and damping are computed with the codes CASTOR and CASTOR-K. In the set of discharges analysed, two groups of TAEs are observed, differing in frequency and radial location. Experimental observations show that when counter-ECCD is applied the higher frequency group of approximately 150 kHz is suppressed, while the lower frequency modes of 125 kHz are amplified. When co-ECCD is applied, depending on the location of the ECCD current deposition layer, both groups of TAE can be suppressed. Numerical calculations of energetic particle drive and thermal plasma damping show that neither one effect could explain the variety of the experimental observations. The fine balance between the drive, sensitive to the TAE position, and the radiative and continuum damping effects could only explain the experiment if the effects are considered all together.
Power sector impacts of the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022
Authors: Bistline John E T , Brown Maxwell , Domeshek Maya , Marcy Cara , Roy Nicholas , Blanford Geoffrey , Burtraw Dallas , Farbes Jamil , Fawcett Allen , Hamilton Anne , Jenkins Jesse , Jones Ryan , King Ben , Kolus Hannah , Larsen John , Levin Amanda , Mahajan Megan , Mayfield Erin , McFarland James , McJeon Haewon , Orvis Robbie , Patankar Neha , Rennert Kevin , Robson Sally , Roney Christopher , Russell Ethan , Schivley Greg , Shawhan Daniel , Steinberg Daniel , Victor Nadejda , Wenzel Shelley , Weyant John , Wiser Ryan , Yuan Mei , Zhao Alicia 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) is regarded as the most prominent piece of federal climate legislation in the U.S. thus far. This paper investigates potential impacts of IRA on the power sector, which is the focus of many core IRA provisions. We summarize a multi-model comparison of IRA to identify robust findings and variation in power sector investments, emissions, and costs across 11 models of the U.S. energy system and electricity sector. Our results project that IRA incentives accelerate the deployment of low-emitting capacity, increasing average annual additions by up to 3.2 times current levels through 2035. CO2 emissions reductions from electricity generation across models range from 47%–83% below 2005 in 2030 (68% average) and 66%–87% in 2035 (78% average). Our higher clean electricity deployment and lower emissions under IRA, compared with earlier U.S. modeling, change the baseline for future policymaking and analysis. IRA helps to bring projected U.S. power sector and economy-wide emissions closer to near-term climate targets; however, no models indicate that these targets will be met with IRA alone, which suggests that additional policies, incentives, and private sector actions are needed.
All-cause mortality attributable to long-term changes in mean temperature and diurnal temperature variation in China: a nationwide quasi-experimental study
Authors: Ai Siqi , Lu Hong , Liu Hengyi , Cao Jingyuan , Li Fangzhou , Qiu Xinghua , Gong Jicheng , Xue Tao , Zhu Tong 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated an association between short-term exposure to ambient temperature and mortality. However, the long-term effects of elevated temperature and temperature variability on mortality have remained somewhat elusive in epidemiological studies. We conducted a comprehensive epidemiological study utilizing Chinese population census data from 2000 and 2010. Census-derived demographic and socioeconomic factors were paired with temperature data from the European Re-Analysis Land Dataset across 2823 counties. We employed a difference-in-difference approach to quantitatively examine the relationship between all-cause mortality and annual exposure to mean temperature and diurnal temperature range (DTR). Additionally, we evaluated the potential effects of socioeconomic and environmental covariate modifications on this relationship and calculated the attributable mortality. Lastly, we projected excess deaths attributable to annual temperature exposure under various shared socioeconomic pathways (SSPs, e.g. SSP126, SSP370, and SSP585). For each 1 °C rise in annual mean temperature and DTR, the mortality risk could increase by 6.12% (95% CI: 0.84%, 11.69%) and 7.72% (95% CI: 3.75%, 11.84%), respectively. Counties with high labor-force ratios and high NO2 and O3 concentrations appeared to be sensitive to the annual mean temperature and DTR. Climate warming from 2000 to 2010 may have resulted in 5.85 and 14.46 additional deaths per 10 000 people attributable to changes in annual mean temperature and DTR, respectively. The excess mortality related to changes in annual mean temperature and DTR is expected to increase in the future, with special attention warranted for long-term temperature changes in Southwest China. Our findings indicate that long-term mean temperature and DTR could significantly impact mortality rates. Given the spatial heterogeneity of increased mortality risk, the formulation of region-specific strategies to tackle climate change is crucial.
Analytical results for a spin–orbit coupled atom held in a non-Hermitian double well under synchronous combined modulations
Authors: Xie Xin , Cui Jiaxi , Luo Zhida , Xie Yuqiong , Li Wenjuan , Hai Wenhua , Luo Yunrong 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We propose a simple method of synchronous combined modulations to generate the exact analytic solutions for a spin–orbit (SO) coupled ultracold atom held in a non-Hermitian double-well potential. Based on the obtained analytical solutions, we mainly study the parity-time (

P
T

) symmetry of this system and the system stability for both balanced and unbalanced gain–loss between two wells. Under balanced gain and loss, the effect of the proportional constants between synchronous combined modulations and the SO-coupling strength on the

P
T

-symmetry breaking is revealed analytically. Surprisingly, we find when the Zeeman field is present, the stable spin-flipping tunneling between two wells cannot occur in the non-Hermitian SO-coupled ultracold atomic system, but the stable spin-conserving tunneling can be performed. Under unbalanced gain and loss, the unique set of parameter conditions that can cause the system to stabilize is found. The results may provide a possibility for the exact control of

P
T

-symmetry breaking and quantum spin dynamics in a non-Hermitian SO-coupled system.
Missing levels in intermediate spectra
Authors: Hita-Pérez María , Muñoz Laura , Molina Rafael A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We derive an expression for the nearest-neighbor spacing distribution P(s) of the energy levels of quantum systems with intermediate dynamics between regularity and chaos and missing levels due to random experimental errors. The expression is based on the Brody distribution, the most widely used for fitting mixed spectra as a function of one parameter. By using Monte Carlo simulations of intermediate spectra based on the β-Hermite ensemble of random matrix theory (RMT), we evaluate the quality of the formula and its suitability for fitting purposes. Estimations of the Brody parameter and the fraction of missing levels can be obtained by a least-square two-parameter fitting of the experimental P(s). The results should be important to distinguish the origins of deviations from RMT in experimental spectra.
Stress-free cell aggregation by using the CEPT cocktail enhances embryoid body and organoid fitness
Authors: Ryu Seungmi , Weber Claire , Chu Pei-Hsuan , Ernest Ben , Jovanovic Vukasin M , Deng Tao , Slamecka Jaroslav , Hong Hyenjong , Jethmalani Yogita , Baskir Hannah M , Inman Jason , Braisted John , Hirst Marissa B , Simeonov Anton , Voss Ty C , Tristan Carlos A , Singeç Ilyas 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Embryoid bodies (EBs) and self-organizing organoids derived from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) recapitulate tissue development in a dish and hold great promise for disease modeling and drug development. However, current protocols are hampered by cellular stress and apoptosis during cell aggregation, resulting in variability and impaired cell differentiation. Here, we demonstrate that EBs and various organoid models (e.g., brain, gut, kidney) can be optimized by using the small molecule cocktail named CEPT (chroman 1, emricasan, polyamines, trans-ISRIB), a polypharmacological approach that ensures cytoprotection and cell survival. Application of CEPT for just 24 h during cell aggregation has long-lasting consequences affecting morphogenesis, gene expression, cellular differentiation, and organoid function. Various qualification methods confirmed that CEPT treatment enhanced experimental reproducibility and consistently improved EB and organoid fitness as compared to the widely used ROCK inhibitor Y-27632. Collectively, we discovered that stress-free cell aggregation and superior cell survival in the presence of CEPT are critical quality control determinants that establish a robust foundation for bioengineering complex tissue and organ models.
Investigation on the roles of equilibrium toroidal rotation during edge-localized mode mitigated by resonant magnetic perturbations
Authors: DONG 董 Liangkang 良康 , CHEN 陈 Shaoyong 少永 , MOU 牟 Maolin 茂淋 , LUO 罗 Yang 杨 , QIN 秦 Chenchen 晨晨 , TANG 唐 Changjian 昌建 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The effects of equilibrium toroidal rotation during edge-localized mode (ELM) mitigated by resonant magnetic perturbation (RMP) are studied with the experimental equilibria of the EAST tokamak based on the four-field model in the BOUT++ code. As the two main parameters to determine the toroidal rotation profiles, the rotation shear and magnitudes were separately scanned to investigate their roles in the impact of RMPs on peeling–ballooning (P-B) modes. On one hand, the results show that strong toroidal rotation shear is favorable for the enhancement of the self-generated

shearing rate

with RMPs, leading to significant ELM mitigation with RMP in the stronger toroidal rotation shear region. On the other hand, toroidal rotation magnitudes may affect ELM mitigation by changing the penetration of the RMPs, more precisely the resonant components. RMPs can lead to a reduction in the pedestal energy loss by enhancing the multimode coupling in the turbulence transport phase. The shielding effects on RMPs increase with the toroidal rotation magnitude, leading to the enhancement of the multimode coupling with RMPs to be significantly weakened. Hence, the reduction in pedestal energy loss by RMPs decreased with the rotation magnitude. In brief, the results show that toroidal rotation plays a dual role in ELM mitigation with RMP by changing the shielding effects of plasma by rotation magnitude and affecting

by rotation shear. In the high toroidal rotation region, toroidal rotation shear is usually strong and hence plays a dominant role in the influence of RMP on P-B modes, whereas in the low rotation region, toroidal rotation shear is weak and has negligible impact on P-B modes, and the rotation magnitude plays a dominant role in the influence of RMPs on the P-B modes by changing the field penetration. Therefore, the dual role of toroidal rotation leads to stronger ELM mitigation with RMP, which may be achieved both in the low toroidal rotation region and the relatively high rotation region that has strong rotational shear.
Polarimeter–interferometer diagnostic using terahertz solid-state sources for fluctuation measurements on Keda Torus eXperiment (KTX)
Authors: WANG 汪 Xingkang 兴康 , MAO 毛 Wenzhe 文哲 , XIE 谢 Jinlin 锦林 , LAN 兰 Tao 涛 , LI 李 Hong 弘 , LIU 刘 Adi 阿娣 , ZHOU 周 Chu 楚 , WEN 温 Xiaohui 晓辉 , WEI 卫 Zian 子安 , WU 吴 Jie 捷 , CHEN 陈 Chen 晨 , LIU 刘 Dongkuan 东宽 , RAO 饶 Xianhao 贤昊 , CAI 蔡 Hu 虎 , WU 邬 Jiaren 佳仁 , DENG 邓 Peng 鹏 , LIU 刘 Haiqing 海庆 , DING 丁 Weixing 卫星 , ZHUANG 庄 Ge 革 , LIU 刘 Wandong 万东 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A multi-channel polarimeter–interferometer has been developed on the Keda Torus eXperiment (KTX) for the study of equilibrium dynamics and internal magnetic fluctuations. A three-wave technique based on terahertz solid-state sources (~650 GHz) is applied for simultaneous measurements of electron density and Faraday rotation angle. The output power of the microwave source is 2 mW. Faraday rotation effect using a rotating wave plate is tested with phase noise less than 0.8°, and the density phase noise is less than 0.9°. Measurement of Faraday rotation angle and density for discharges on KTX have demonstrated high sensitivity to internal MHD activities.
Gyrokinetic simulation of magnetic-island-induced electric potential vortex mode
Authors: WANG 王 Feng 丰 , LI 李 Jiquan 继全 , QU 曲 Hongpeng 洪鹏 , PENG 彭 Xiaodong 晓东 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Ion temperature gradient (ITG)-driven turbulence with embedded static magnetic islands is simulated by utilizing a gyrokinetic theory-based global turbulence transport code (GKNET) in this work. Different from the traditional equilibrium circular magnetic-surface average (EMSA) method, an advanced algorithm that calculates the perturbed magnetic-surface average (PMSA) of the electric potential has been developed to precisely deal with the zonal flow component in a non-circular magnetic surface perturbed by magnetic islands. Simulations show that the electric potential vortex structure inside islands induced by the magnetic islands is usually of odd parity when using the EMSA method. It is found that the odd symmetry vortex can transfer into an even one after a steep zonal flow gradient, i.e. the flow shear has been built in the vicinity of the magnetic islands by adopting the PMSA algorithm. The phase of the potential vortex in the poloidal cross section is coupled with the zonal flow shear. Such an electric potential vortex mode may be of essential importance in wide topics, such as the turbulence spreading across magnetic islands, neoclassical tearing mode physics, and also the interaction dynamics between the micro-turbulence and MHD activities.
Clock synchronization with pulsed single photon sources
Authors: Spiess Christopher , Steinlechner Fabian 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Photonic quantum technology requires precise, time-resolved identification of photodetection events. In distributed quantum networks with spatially separated and drifting time references, achieving high precision is particularly challenging. Here we build on recent advances of using single-photons for time transfer and employ and quantify a fast postprocessing scheme designed to pulsed single-photon sources. We achieve an average root mean square synchronization jitter of 3.0 ps. The stability is comparable to systems with Rb vapor cell clocks with 19 ps at 1 s integration time, in terms of Allan time deviation. Remarkably, our stability is even better than classical high-precision time transfer, like the White Rabbit protocol, although we use significantly less signal (single-photon level). Our algorithms allow local processing of the data and do not affect the secure key rate. It compensates substantial clock imperfections from crystal oscillators and we foresee great potential for low signal scenarios. The findings are naturally suited to quantum communication networks and provide simultaneous time transfer without adding hardware or modifying the single-photon sources.
Miniature-scale elastocaloric cooling by rubber-based foils
Authors: Ludwig Carina , Leutner Jan , Prucker Oswald , Rühe Jürgen , Kohl Manfred 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We report on the design and characterization of a demonstrator device for miniature-scale elastocaloric (eC) cooling using a series of natural rubber (NR) foil specimens of 9 × 26.5 mm2 lateral size and thicknesses in the range of 290–900 μm. NR has the potential to meet the various challenges associated with eC cooling, as it exhibits a large adiabatic temperature change in the order of 20 K and high fatigue resistance under dynamic load, while loading forces are low. Owing to the large surface-to-volume ratio of rubber-based foils, heat transfer to heat sink and source elements is accomplished by mechanical contact enabling compact designs. Two actuators are implemented to control the performance in loading direction independent from the performance of mechanical contacting. The study of operation parameters is complemented by lumped-element modeling to understand the cycle frequency-dependent dynamics of heat transfer and resulting cooling capacity. The single-stage device operates in the strain range of 300%–700% and exhibits a temperature span up to 4.1 K, while the specific cooling power reaches 1.1 Wg−1 and the absolute cooling power 123 mW. The performance metrics show a pronounced dependence on foil thickness and heat transfer coefficient indicating a path toward future device optimization.
Harnessing data augmentation to quantify uncertainty in the early estimation of single-photon source quality
Authors: Kedziora David Jacob , Musiał Anna , Rudno-Rudziński Wojciech , Gabrys Bogdan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Novel methods for rapidly estimating single-photon source (SPS) quality have been promoted in recent literature to address the expensive and time-consuming nature of experimental validation via intensity interferometry. However, the frequent lack of uncertainty discussions and reproducible details raises concerns about their reliability. This study investigates the use of data augmentation, a machine learning technique, to supplement experimental data with bootstrapped samples and quantify the uncertainty of such estimates. Eight datasets obtained from measurements involving a single InGaAs/GaAs epitaxial quantum dot serve as a proof-of-principle example. Analysis of one of the SPS quality metrics derived from efficient histogram fitting of the synthetic samples, i.e. the probability of multi-photon emission events, reveals significant uncertainty contributed by stochastic variability in the Poisson processes that describe detection rates. Ignoring this source of error risks severe overconfidence in both early quality estimates and claims for state-of-the-art SPS devices. Additionally, this study finds that standard least-squares fitting is comparable to using a Poisson likelihood, and expanding averages show some promise for early estimation. Also, reducing background counts improves fitting accuracy but does not address the Poisson-process variability. Ultimately, data augmentation demonstrates its value in supplementing physical experiments; its benefit here is to emphasise the need for a cautious assessment of SPS quality.
Acalypha ostryifolia: a natural refuge for Chloridea virescens and Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in the Southern United States
Authors: Allen K Clint , Elkins Blake H , Little Nathan S 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The tobacco budworm, Chloridea virescens (F.), and corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) (heliothines), have had a long-intertwined relationship with respect to their importance as pests in agricultural production systems. Previous studies have examined the impacts of early-season wild host plants on local population density and distribution of these 2 insects on cultivated crops such as cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., and soybean, Glycine max L. Additional studies have examined the importance of wild host plants, which act as a refuge of nonexposed populations of C. virescens and H. zea to insecticidal toxins from the soil bacterium, Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) Berliner. The current study examined hophornbeam copperleaf, Acalypha ostryifolia Riddell, as a host plant for mid-late season populations of C. virescens and H. zea. Patches of A. ostryifolia were sampled along roadsides and the edges of fields from 2014 to 2020 in Mississippi, USA, to examine larval density, species composition, and parasitism of heliothines on this wild host plant. Insects were collected from the end of June through October. The largest densities (based on the number of caterpillars per sweep) of heliothines were over one larva per sweep. Overall, 49.5% of the collected caterpillars were determined to be tobacco budworms, while 50.5% were corn earworms. Parasitism rates ranged from approximately 1–30%, increasing throughout the season. In general, densities of heliothines encountered on A. ostryifolia were greater than densities reported for other wild host plants. Hophornbeam copperleaf is an important natural refuge for both heliothines from Bt toxins and synthetic insecticide applications.
Climate and Gender: Association Between Droughts and Intimate Partner Violence in India
Authors: Dehingia Nabamallika , McDougal Lotus , Silverman Jay G , Reed Elizabeth , Urada Lianne , McAuley Julian , Singh Abhishek , Raj Anita 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Extreme climate events are related to women’s exposure to different forms of violence. We examined the relationship between droughts and physical, sexual, and emotional intimate partner violence (IPV) in India by using 2 different definitions of drought: precipitation-based drought and socioeconomic drought. We analyzed data from 2 rounds of a nationally representative survey, the National Family Health Survey, where married women were asked about their experiences of IPV in the previous year (2015–2016 and 2019–2021; n = 122,696). Precipitation-based drought was estimated using remote sensing data and geographic information system (GIS) mapping, while socioeconomic drought status was collected from government records. Logistic regression models showed precipitation-based drought to increase the risk of experiencing physical IPV and emotional IPV. Similar findings were observed for socioeconomic drought; women residing in areas classified as drought-impacted by the government were more likely to report physical IPV, sexual IPV, and emotional IPV. These findings support the growing body of evidence regarding the relationship between climate change and women’s vulnerability, and highlight the need for gender responsive strategies for disaster management and preparedness.