bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Spatially Resolved and Environmentally Informed Forecast Model of West Nile Virus in Coachella Valley, California
Authors: Ward Matthew J. , Sorek‐Hamer Meytar , Henke Jennifer A. , Little Eliza , Patel Aman , Shaman Jeffery , Vemuri Krishna , DeFelice Nicholas B. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWest Nile virus (WNV) is the most significant arbovirus in the United States in terms of both morbidity and mortality. West Nile exists in a complex transmission cycle between avian hosts and the arthropod vector, Culex spp. mosquitoes. Human spillover events occur when humans are bitten by an infected mosquito and predicting these rates of infection and therefore the risk to humans may be associated with fluctuations in environmental conditions. In this study, we evaluate the hydrological and meteorological drivers associated with mosquito biology and viral development to determine if these associations can be used to forecast seasonal mosquito infection rates with WNV in the Coachella Valley of California. We developed and tested a spatially resolved ensemble forecast model of the WNV mosquito infection rate in the Coachella Valley using 17 years of mosquito surveillance data and North American Land Data Assimilation System‐2 environmental data. Our multi‐model inference system indicated that the combination of a cooler and dryer winter, followed by a wetter and warmer spring, and a cooler than normal summer was most predictive of the prevalence of West Nile positive mosquitoes in the Coachella Valley. The ability to make accurate early season predictions of West Nile risk has the potential to allow local abatement districts and public health entities to implement early season interventions such as targeted adulticiding and public health messaging before human transmission occurs. Such early and targeted interventions could better mitigate the risk of WNV to humans.
Accretion Cycles, Structural Evolution, and Thrust Activity in Accretionary Wedges With Various Décollement Configurations: Insights From Sandbox Analog Modeling
Authors: Noda Atsushi , Graveleau Fabien , Witt Cesar , Chanier Frank , Vendeville Bruno 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe architecture (geometry, fault network, and stacking pattern of accreted thrust sheets) of accretionary wedges influences subduction zone processes. However, it remains challenging to constrain the architectural evolution in natural accretionary wedges over geological timescales. In this study, we undertook sandbox analog modeling, with quantitative analysis of the wedge geometry and digital image correlation‐based kinematics, to delineate the wedge growth history with four décollement settings (single or double and continuous or discontinuous). The results show that the wedge is formed by repeated episodic frontal accretion with a constant cycle (i.e., the accretion cycle), and the degree of coupling between the base of the wedge and subducting plate interface appears to depend on the relative strengths of the wedge and detachment. An interbedded décollement layer in the incoming sediment facilitated wedge segmentation and rearrangement of the internal fault network, which weakened the wedge strength. A combination of a detachable high‐friction patch in the basal décollement and a continuous interbedded weak layer enabled underplating of underthrusted sediment beneath the inner wedge, which involved a low‐angle, long‐lived forethrust and multiple cycles of frontal accretion on short‐lived forethrusts at the deformation front. Our findings suggest that décollement configuration is a key factor in controlling the accretion cycle, strain distribution, fault network, and wedge strength on timescales of ∼105 yr in natural accretionary systems. This result should be considered when investigating modern subduction zones.
Assessing Storm Surge Multiscenarios Based on Ensemble Tropical Cyclone Forecasting
Authors: Rezuanul Islam Md. , Duc Le , Sawada Yohei 
Published: December 2023

AbstractEnsemble forecasting is a promising tool to aid in making informed decisions against risks of coastal storm surges. Although tropical cyclone (TC) ensemble forecasts are commonly used in operational numerical weather prediction systems, their potential for disaster prediction has not been maximized. Here we present a novel, efficient, and practical method to utilize a large ensemble forecast of 1,000 members to analyze storm surge scenarios toward effective decision making such as evacuation planning and issuing surge warnings. We perform the simulation of TC Hagibis (2019) using the Japan Meteorological Agency's (JMA) nonhydrostatic model. The simulated atmospheric predictions were utilized as inputs for a statistical surge model named the Storm Surge Hazard Potential Index to estimate peak surge heights along the central coast of Japan. We show that Pareto‐optimized solutions from an ensemble storm surge forecast can describe potential worst (maximum) and optimum (minimum) storm surge scenarios. These solutions exemplify a diversity of trade‐off surge outcomes across diverse coastal locations, reflecting variations in coastal geometry, including bathymetry. For example, some of the Pareto‐optimized solutions that illustrate worst surge scenarios for inner bay locations are not necessarily accountable for bringing severe surge cases in open coasts. We further emphasize that an in‐depth evaluation of Pareto‐optimal solutions can shed light on how meteorological variables such as track, intensity, and size of TCs influence the worst and optimum surge scenarios, which is not clearly quantified in current multiscenario assessment methods such as those used by JMA/National Hurricane Center in the United States.
Lunar Impact Craters: New Perspectives From Full‐Polarimetric Analysis of Chandrayaan‐2 Dual‐Frequency SAR Data
Authors: Putrevu Deepak , Chakraborty Tathagata , Mukhopadhyay Jayanta , Syed Tajdarul Hassan , Bhiravarasu Sriram S. , Das Anup , Pandey Dharmendra Kr. , Misra Arundhati 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWith the availability of the full‐polarimetry data from Chandrayaan‐2 Dual‐frequency Synthetic Aperture Radar (DFSAR) for the first time, the lunar impact craters are studied for comprehensive characterization, which was earlier limited due to hybrid‐polarimetry based observations. In conjunction with the conventional Circular Polarization Ratio (CPR), we explore the unique full‐polarimetric parameters such as Single‐bounce Eigenvalue Relative Difference and T‐Ratio which are sensitive to surface roughness and dielectric constant, respectively. We studied the polarimetric behavior of a total of 115 nos. of impact craters within a specific size range (∼1–25 km diameter) belonging to different categories viz. fresh, degraded, polar and non‐polar anomalous craters. Our results confirm that both kinds of non‐polar and polar anomalous craters overall hold centimeter‐decimeter scale surface roughness similar to the exterior of the fresh craters, which mainly leads to the anomalous nature of the craters. Our analysis indicates possible control of the crater degradation process on the change in the radar scattering behavior of the studied lunar craters. The crater degradation causes a reduction in the surface roughness and dielectric property (density) of the scatterers present in various craters leading to a change in the radar scattering behavior. Alongside, water ice, if at all present admixed into the regolith in the polar anomalous craters, is not in the form of dominant scatterers that can influence the radar signature. However, the occurrence of relatively higher CPR values in smooth low dielectric crater interiors supports the possibility of the presence of water ice in some of the studied polar anomalous craters belonging to Pre‐Imbrian to Imbrian lunar geological periods.
Performance Analysis of a Strong Constraint 4DVar and 4DEnVar on Regional Ionosphere Imaging
Authors: Ssessanga Nicholas , Miloch Wojciech Jacek , Clausen Lasse Boy Novock , Kotova Daria 
Published: December 2023

AbstractData assimilation (DA) techniques have recently gained traction in the ionospheric community, particularly at regional operational centers where more precise data are becoming prevalent. At center stage is the argument over which technique or scheme merits realization. At 4DSpace, we have in‐house developed and assessed the performance of two regional flavors of short‐term forecast strong constraint four‐dimensional (4D, space and time) variational (SC4DVar) DA schemes; the orthodox incremental (SC4DVar‐Inc) and ensemble‐based (SC4DEnVar) approach. SC4DVar‐Inc is bottled‐necked by expensive Tangent Linear Models (TLMs) and model Ad‐joints (MAs), while SC4DEnVar design mitigates these limitations. Both schemes initialize from the same background (IRI‐2016), and electron densities forward propagated (30‐min) by a Gauss Markov filter‐ the densities take on a log‐normal distribution to assert the mandatory ionosphere density positive definiteness. Preliminary assimilation is performed only with ubiquitous Global Navigation Satellite System observables from ground‐based receivers, with a focus on moderately stable mid‐latitudes, specifically the Japanese archipelago and neighboring areas. Using a simulation analysis, we find that under model space localization, 30 member Ensembles are sufficient for regional SC4DEnVar. Verification of reconstructions is with independent observations from ground‐based ionosonde and satellite radio occultations: the performance of both schemes is fairly adequate during the quiet period when the background has a better estimation of the hmF2. SC4DVar‐Inc is slightly better over areas densely populated with measurements, but SC4DEnVar estimates the overall 3D ionosphere picture better, particularly in remote areas and during severe conditions. These results warrant SC4DEnVar as a better candidate for precise short‐time regional forecasts.
Modeling the Streamflow Response to Heatwaves Across Glacierized Basins in Southwestern Canada
Authors: Anderson Sam , Radić Valentina 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn addition to having far‐reaching impacts on human health, agriculture, wildfires, ecosystems, and infrastructure, heatwaves control streamflow through the melting of seasonal snow and glacier ice. Despite their importance, there is limited understanding of how heatwaves modify streamflow at regional scales, how these impacts vary by heatwave timing and duration, and how glaciers control the streamflow response. Here, we use a deep learning hydrological model, which has previously been trained, evaluated, and interpreted in southwestern Canada, to simulate the streamflow response to heatwaves at 111 basins in the region. The model, driven by gridded ERA5 reanalysis temperature and precipitation data from 1979 to 2015, is forced by synthetic heatwave conditions that vary in their duration and onset throughout the year. We consider how the streamflow response to heatwaves is sensitive to annual temperatures by adding spatially and temporally uniform warming of 2°C across the study region, under the assumption that the underlying hydrological system behavior remains unchanged. We find that heatwaves, particularly in spring and summer, induce an initial streamflow surplus followed by a streamflow deficit, relative to the non‐heatwave case. In summer, glacier contributions to streamflow partially compensate for streamflow deficits that arise from heatwaves earlier in the melt season. In the scenario with 2°C warmer annual temperatures, heatwaves induce a lesser streamflow response in spring when the seasonal streamflow is most increased due to the advancing freshet. Our findings demonstrate how glaciers buffer the impacts of heatwaves on streamflow, but this buffering effect is expected to diminish as glaciers retreat.
Looking for Theory‐Practice Synthesis for Actionable Outcomes: A Continuing Special Collection for Translational Water Research
Authors: Islam Shafiqul , Illangasekare Tissa H. , Selker John , Destouni Georgia 
Published: December 2023

AbstractTranslational research (TR) represents a promising systematic process for going from scientific discoveries to practical applications. Through conversations with academics, practitioners, decision‐makers and users, there has emerged a broad level of water science community support for including TR in Water Resources Research (WRR) publications. Based on this, we now open a continuing special collection of TR papers in WRR. The aim is to facilitate a community within hydrology and water science that seeks to provide actionable knowledge for societal benefit across disciplines, scales and contexts, with a focus on water as a key societal resource or a risk (e.g., of floods, droughts, or as pollutant carrier). This Editorial discusses what the multi‐faceted nature of TR may include in the context of WRR, why it is important to encourage TR papers in WRR, and how the opening of a continuing special collection of translational water research papers initiates a process to include such articles in the journal.
Azithromycin for acute bronchiolitis and wheezing episodes in children – a systematic review with meta-analysis
Authors: Ukkonen Rosa-Maria , Renko Marjo , Kuitunen Ilari 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background
The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to analyse the efficacy of azithromycin in acute bronchiolitis and wheezing.

Methods
PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were searched for randomized controlled trials comparing azithromycin to placebo in children <2 years of age. Main outcomes were progress of acute wheezing episode and recurrence of wheezing. We used random-effects model to calculate mean difference (MD) with 95% confidence interval (CI) or risk ratios (RR) with CI.

Results
We screened 1604 abstracts and included 7 studies. Risk of bias was low in three and had some concerns in four studies. Need for intensive care unit treatment was assessed in four studies (446 children) and the risk difference was 0.0% (CI –2.0 to 2.0; low quality evidence). Hospitalization duration was –0.27 days shorter in the azithromycin group (MD-0.27, CI –0.47 to –0.07; three studies; moderate quality evidence). Azithromycin did not prevent recurrence of wheezing (RR 0.84, CI 0.45–1.56; three studies), hospital readmissions (RR 1.14, CI 0.82–1.60; four studies).

Conclusions
We found moderate quality evidence that azithromycin may reduce hospitalization duration. Low certainty evidence suggests that azithromycin does not reduce the need for intensive care unit treatment. Furthermore, azithromycin did not prevent wheezing recurrence.

Impact

Azithromycin may reduce hospitalization time in acute bronchiolitis and wheezing episodes among children aged less than two.

Azithromycin administrated during the acute wheezing period, does not have preventive effect on wheezing recurrence.

Azithromycin seemed to have similar adverse event profile than placebo.

Future studies with clinically relevant outcomes, and sufficient sample sizes are needed, before implementing azithromycin into clinical use.
m6A and m5C modification of GPX4 facilitates anticancer immunity via STING activation
Authors: Chen Baoxiang , Hong Yuntian , Zhai Xiang , Deng Yanrong , Hu Heng , Tian Shunhua , Zhang Yukang , Ren Xianghai , Zhao Jianhong , Jiang Congqing 
Published: December 2023

AbstractCancer immunotherapy is arguably the most rapidly advancing realm of cancer treatment. Glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) has emerged as the vital enzyme to prevent lipid peroxidation and maintain cellular redox homeostasis. However, the mechanism of GPX4 in the regulation of cancer immunotherapy of colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) are incompletely understood. In pan-cancer analysis, we found that GPX4 showed remarkably upregulated expression and exhibited significant association with overall survival in multiple cancer types, especially COAD. Furthermore, upregulated GPX4 expression was positively correlated with increased immune cells infiltration and enhanced expression of immunomodulators. Mechanistically, RBM15B- and IGFBP2-mediated N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification and NSUN5-mediated 5-methylcytosine (m5C) modification of GPX4 facilitated anticancer immunity via activation of cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)-stimulator of interferon (STING) signaling by maintaining redox homeostasis in COAD. The risk model and nomogram model constructed based on the GPX4-derived genes further confirmed the prognostic and treatment-guiding value of GPX4. In all, our study demonstrated that m6A and m5C modification of GPX4 may be a promising target for cancer immunotherapy via activating the cGAS-STING signaling pathway in COAD.
Gp78 deficiency in hepatocytes alleviates hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury via suppressing ACSL4-mediated ferroptosis
Authors: Li Changbiao , Wu Yichao , Chen Kangchen , Chen Ronggao , Xu Shengjun , Yang Beng , Lian Zhengxing , Wang Xiaodong , Wang Kai , Xie Haiyang , Zheng Shusen , Liu Zhikun , Wang Di , Xu Xiao 
Published: December 2023

AbstractFerroptosis, which is driven by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation, plays an essential role in liver ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) during liver transplantation (LT). Gp78, an E3 ligase, has been implicated in lipid metabolism and inflammation. However, its role in liver IRI and ferroptosis remains unknown. Here, hepatocyte-specific gp78 knockout (HKO) or overexpressed (OE) mice were generated to examine the effect of gp78 on liver IRI, and a multi-omics approach (transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics) was performed to explore the potential mechanism. Gp78 expression decreased after reperfusion in LT patients and mice with IRI, and gp78 expression was positively correlated with liver damage. Gp78 absence from hepatocytes alleviated liver damage in mice with IRI, ameliorating inflammation. However, mice with hepatic gp78 overexpression showed the opposite phenotype. Mechanistically, gp78 overexpression disturbed lipid homeostasis, remodeling polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) metabolism, causing oxidized lipids accumulation and ferroptosis, partly by promoting ACSL4 expression. Chemical inhibition of ferroptosis or ACSL4 abrogated the effects of gp78 on ferroptosis and liver IRI. Our findings reveal a role of gp78 in liver IRI pathogenesis and uncover a mechanism by which gp78 promotes hepatocyte ferroptosis by ACSL4, suggesting the gp78-ACSL4 axis as a feasible target for the treatment of IRI-associated liver damage.
Structural and thermodynamic insights into antibody light chain tetramer formation through 3D domain swapping
Authors: Sakai Takahiro , Mashima Tsuyoshi , Kobayashi Naoya , Ogata Hideaki , Duan Lian , Fujiki Ryo , Hengphasatporn Kowit , Uda Taizo , Shigeta Yasuteru , Hifumi Emi , Hirota Shun 
Published: December 2023

AbstractOverexpression of antibody light chains in small plasma cell clones can lead to misfolding and aggregation. On the other hand, the formation of amyloid fibrils from antibody light chains is related to amyloidosis. Although aggregation of antibody light chain is an important issue, atomic-level structural examinations of antibody light chain aggregates are sparse. In this study, we present an antibody light chain that maintains an equilibrium between its monomeric and tetrameric states. According to data from X-ray crystallography, thermodynamic and kinetic measurements, as well as theoretical studies, this antibody light chain engages in 3D domain swapping within its variable region. Here, a pair of domain-swapped dimers creates a tetramer through hydrophobic interactions, facilitating the revelation of the domain-swapped structure. The negative cotton effect linked to the β-sheet structure, observed around 215 nm in the circular dichroism (CD) spectrum of the tetrameric variable region, is more pronounced than that of the monomer. This suggests that the monomer contains less β-sheet structures and exhibits greater flexibility than the tetramer in solution. These findings not only clarify the domain-swapped structure of the antibody light chain but also contribute to controlling antibody quality and advancing the development of future molecular recognition agents and drugs.
Quadrupole anomalous Hall effect in magnetically induced electron nematic state
Authors: Koizumi Hiroki , Yamasaki Yuichi , Yanagihara Hideto 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBerry phases in both momentum and real space cause transverse motion in itinerant electrons, manifesting various off-diagonal transport effect such anomalous and topological Hall effects. Although these Hall effects are isotropic within the plane perpendicular to the fictitious magnetic field, here, we report the manifestation of the anisotropic linear anomalous Hall effect (AHE) in the spinel oxide NiCo2O4 epitaxial film. The unconventional Hall effect indicates a quadrupole dependence on the in-plane current direction being added to the uniform AHE. Moreover, its sign can be manipulated just by magnetic-field cooling. The anisotropic effect is attributed to an electron nematic state originating from a deformed electronic state owing to an extended magnetic toroidal quadrupole and ferrimagnetic order.
The anti-symmetric and anisotropic symmetric exchange interactions between electric dipoles in hafnia
Authors: Yu Longju , Zhao Hong Jian , Chen Peng , Bellaiche Laurent , Ma Yanming 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe anti-symmetric and anisotropic symmetric exchange interactions between two magnetic dipole moments – responsible for intriguing magnetic textures (e.g., magnetic skyrmions) – have been discovered since last century, while their electric analogues were either hidden for a long time or still not known. It is only recently that the anti-symmetric exchange interactions between electric dipoles was proved to exist (with materials hosting such an interaction being still rare) and the existence of anisotropic symmetric exchange interaction between electric dipoles remains ambiguous. Here, by symmetry analysis and first-principles calculations, we identify hafnia as a candidate material hosting the non-collinear dipole alignments, the analysis of which reveals the anti-symmetric and anisotropic symmetric exchange interactions between electric dipoles in this material. Our findings can hopefully deepen the current knowledge of electromagnetism in condensed matter, and imply the possibility of discovering novel states of matter (e.g., electric skyrmions) in hafnia-related materials.
Mental search of concepts is supported by egocentric vector representations and restructured grid maps
Authors: Viganò Simone , Bayramova Rena , Doeller Christian F. , Bottini Roberto 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe human hippocampal-entorhinal system is known to represent both spatial locations and abstract concepts in memory in the form of allocentric cognitive maps. Using fMRI, we show that the human parietal cortex evokes complementary egocentric representations in conceptual spaces during goal-directed mental search, akin to those observable during physical navigation to determine where a goal is located relative to oneself (e.g., to our left or to our right). Concurrently, the strength of the grid-like signal, a neural signature of allocentric cognitive maps in entorhinal, prefrontal, and parietal cortices, is modulated as a function of goal proximity in conceptual space. These brain mechanisms might support flexible and parallel readout of where target conceptual information is stored in memory, capitalizing on complementary reference frames.