bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
3D bioprinting of microorganisms: principles and applications
Authors: Herzog Josha , Franke Lea , Lai Yingyao , Gomez Rossi Pablo , Sachtleben Janina , Weuster-Botz Dirk 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn recent years, the ability to create intricate, live tissues and organs has been made possible thanks to three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting. Although tissue engineering has received a lot of attention, there is growing interest in the use of 3D bioprinting for microorganisms. Microorganisms like bacteria, fungi, and algae, are essential to many industrial bioprocesses, such as bioremediation as well as the manufacture of chemicals, biomaterials, and pharmaceuticals. This review covers current developments in 3D bioprinting methods for microorganisms. We go over the bioink compositions designed to promote microbial viability and growth, taking into account factors like nutrient delivery, oxygen supply, and waste elimination. Additionally, we investigate the most important bioprinting techniques, including extrusion-based, inkjet, and laser-assisted approaches, as well as their suitability with various kinds of microorganisms. We also investigate the possible applications of 3D bioprinted microbes. These range from constructing synthetic microbial consortia for improved metabolic pathway combinations to designing spatially patterned microbial communities for enhanced bioremediation and bioprocessing. We also look at the potential for 3D bioprinting to advance microbial research, including the creation of defined microenvironments to observe microbial behavior. In conclusion, the 3D bioprinting of microorganisms marks a paradigm leap in microbial bioprocess engineering and has the potential to transform many application areas. The ability to design the spatial arrangement of various microorganisms in functional structures offers unprecedented possibilities and ultimately will drive innovation.
Different patterns of inter-annual variability in mean vessel area and tree-ring widths of beech from provenance trials in Slovenia and Hungary
Authors: Gričar Jožica , Arnič Domen , Krajnc Luka , Prislan Peter , Božič Gregor , Westergren Marjana , Mátyás Csaba , Kraigher Hojka 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Key message
Studied beech provenances showed different patterns of inter-annual variability in mean vessel area and ring widths, indicating influence of intraspecific variability and diverse environment on hydraulic conductivity and carbon storage potential.

Abstract
International provenance trials of ecologically and economically important tree species are crucial to deciphering the influence of environmental factors and intraspecific variability on tree growth and performance under climate change to guide assisted gene flow and assisted migration of tree provenances and species. In this context, we compared inter-annual trends in tree-ring widths (carbon sequestration potential) and vessel characteristics (conductivity optimisation) of four beech provenances in two international provenance trials, one in Slovenia (Kamenski hrib, a core beech growing site) and one in Hungary (Bucsuta, a marginal beech site) in 2009–2019. We found different patterns of inter-annual variability in mean vessel area and tree-ring widths among provenances and sites, pointing to diverse genetic background and environmental influence on these two wood-anatomical traits. The average values of the vessel area varied less between provenances at Kamenski hrib than at Bucsuta. Weather conditions differently affected tree-ring width and mean vessel area. Furthermore, the length of the period of response of vessel area to the analysed weather conditions differed in summer and winter periods. The differences in the mean vessel area within the tree ring were more pronounced in the weather-wise extreme years, regardless of the provenance. Consistent with previous studies, we confirmed that site conditions affect the climate sensitivity of trees, which is more pronounced at marginal sites or in extreme years. The findings on how different environmental conditions affect the radial growth of young beech trees of different origin are very important for future forest management.
BAG2-assisted analog layout synthesis for TSMC 65 nm and GPDK 45 nm
Authors: Bio Matthew , Scherr Wolfgang , Agbemenu A. S. , Sondón Santiago Martin , Hande Vinayak , Sturm Johannes 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAnalog circuit design automation remains an intense area of attention and has seen both new and existing tools continuing to be developed and targeting different phases of the analog design flow to reduce development time and cost. One of the promising tools is the Berkeley Analog Generator (BAG2) framework which is an open-source analog layout generator for automating and verifying circuit layouts. It promises a process-independent flow and it encourages design reuse due to using parameterized generators which can be scaled as required. This reduces the layout development time compared to manual handmade layouts. This work describes the effort and results of evaluating the BAG2 framework for the TSMC 65 nm and Cadence GPDK 45 nm processes. A case study is made with a number of circuits to discuss the problems in setting up and using BAG2 for the above technologies as well as the limitations and solutions required to utilize the framework effectively.
Variable-coefficient parabolic theory as a high-dimensional limit of elliptic theory
Authors: Davey Blair , Smit Vega Garcia Mariana 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis paper continues the study initiated in Davey (Arch Ration Mech Anal 228:159–196, 2018), where a high-dimensional limiting technique was developed and used to prove certain parabolic theorems from their elliptic counterparts. In this article, we extend these ideas to the variable-coefficient setting. This generalized technique is demonstrated through new proofs of three important theorems for variable-coefficient heat operators, one of which establishes a result that is, to the best of our knowledge, also new. Specifically, we give new proofs of $$L^2 \rightarrow L^2$$

L
2

→

L
2

Carleman estimates and the monotonicity of Almgren-type frequency functions, and we prove a new monotonicity of Alt–Caffarelli–Friedman-type functions. The proofs in this article rely only on their related elliptic theorems and a limiting argument. That is, each parabolic theorem is proved by taking a high-dimensional limit of a related elliptic result.
Isoperimetric inequalities and regularity of A-harmonic functions on surfaces
Authors: Adamowicz Tomasz , Veronelli Giona 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWe investigate the logarithmic and power-type convexity of the length of the level curves for a-harmonic functions on smooth surfaces and related isoperimetric inequalities. In particular, our analysis covers the p-harmonic and the minimal surface equations. As an auxiliary result, we obtain higher Sobolev regularity properties of the solutions, including the $$W^{2,2}$$

W

2
,
2

regularity. The results are complemented by a number of estimates for the derivatives $$L'$$

L
′

and $$L''$$

L

′
′

of the length of the level curve function L, as well as by examples illustrating the presentation. Our work generalizes results due to Alessandrini, Longinetti, Talenti and Lewis in the Euclidean setting, as well as a recent article of ours devoted to the harmonic case on surfaces.
Block-radial symmetry breaking for ground states of biharmonic NLS
Authors: Mandel Rainer , Oliveira e Silva Diogo 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWe prove that the biharmonic NLS equation $$\begin{aligned} \Delta ^2 u +2\Delta u+(1+\varepsilon )u=|u|^{p-2}u\,\,\, in {\mathbb {R}}^d \end{aligned}$$

Δ
2

u
+
2
Δ
u
+

(
1
+
ε
)

u
=

|
u
|

p
-
2

u

i
n

R

d

has at least $$k+1$$

k
+
1

geometrically distinct solutions if $$\varepsilon >0$$

ε
>
0

is small enough and $$2<p<2_\star ^k$$

2
<
p
<

2
⋆
k

, where $$2_\star ^k$$

2
⋆
k

is an explicit critical exponent arising from the Fourier restriction theory of $$O(d-k)\times O(k)$$

O
(
d
-
k
)
×
O
(
k
)

-symmetric functions. This extends the recent symmetry breaking result of Lenzmann–Weth (Symmetry breaking for ground states of biharmonic NLS via Fourier extension estimates, 2023) and relies on a chain of strict inequalities for the corresponding Rayleigh quotients associated with distinct values of k. We further prove that, as $$\varepsilon \rightarrow 0^+$$

ε
→

0
+

, the Fourier transform of each ground state concentrates near the unit sphere and becomes rough in the scale of Sobolev spaces.
Real-walk modelling: deep learning model for user mobility in virtual reality
Authors: Dohan Murtada , Mu Mu , Ajit Suraj , Hill Gary 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis paper presents a study on modelling user free walk mobility in virtual reality (VR) art exhibition. The main objective is to investigate and model users’ mobility sequences during interactions with artwork in VR. We employ a range of machine learning (ML) techniques to define scenes of interest in VR, capturing user mobility patterns. Our approach utilises a long short-term memory (LSTM) model to effectively model and predict users’ future movements in VR environments, particularly in scenarios where clear walking paths and directions are not provided to participants. The DL model demonstrates high accuracy in predicting user movements, enabling a better understanding of audience interactions with the artwork. It opens avenues for developing new VR applications, such as community-based navigation, virtual art guides, and enhanced virtual audience engagement. The results highlight the potential for improved user engagement and effective navigation within virtual environments.
Laevaptychi as reliable paleotemperature archives: high-resolution stable isotope compositions of Kimmeridgian (Jurassic) lamellar structured aspidoceratid lower mandibles from Zengővárkony (Mecsek Mountains, Hungary)
Authors: Bujtor László , Demény Attila , Németh Péter , Bajnóczi Bernadett 
Published: January 2024

AbstractFieldwork provided well-preserved Laevaptychus sp. ex gr. hoplisus–obliquus specimens from the lower Kimmeridgian of Zengővárkony (Mecsek Mountains, south Hungary). This study presents the stable isotope analysis of these aptychi and control samples from brachiopods (Nucleata and Pygope) derived from the Zengővárkony section bed 3. Rarely observed structures in the upper lamellar layers of the studied laevaptychi revealed 24–32 concentric lamellae that represent primary textural features and indicate excellent preservation. After careful screening for diagenetic effects, stable oxygen isotope compositions yielded seawater temperatures between 20 and 26 °C in good agreement with earlier studies on Jurassic formations, with improved precision. Our research presents for the first time that well-preserved laevaptychi may be a reliable data source for paleoclimate and paleotemperature reconstructions.
Graphical abstract
Rivoceranib, a VEGFR-2 inhibitor, monotherapy in previously treated patients with advanced or metastatic gastric or gastroesophageal junction cancer (ANGEL study): an international, randomized, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial
Authors: Kang Yoon-Koo , Ryu Min-Hee , Di Bartolomeo Maria , Chau Ian , Yoon Harry , Kim Jong Gwang , Lee Keun-Wook , Oh Sang Chul , Takashima Atsuo , Kryzhanivska Anna , Chao Yee , Evesque Ludovic , Schenker Michael , McGinn Arlo , Zhao Yufan , Lee Jennifer , Wyrwicz Lucjan , Boku Narikazu 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Rivoceranib is an oral, selective tyrosine kinase inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2. ANGEL (NCT03042611) was a global, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, phase 3 study evaluating rivoceranib as 3rd-line or ≥4th-line therapy in patients with advanced/metastatic gastric or gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) cancer.

Methods
Patients had failed ≥2 lines of chemotherapy and were randomized 2:1 to rivoceranib 700 mg once daily or placebo with best supportive care. Primary endpoint: overall survival (OS) in the intention-to-treat population. Secondary endpoints: progression-free survival (PFS), objective response rate (ORR), and disease control rate (DCR) by blinded independent central review (BICR).

Results
In total, 460 patients (rivoceranib n = 308, placebo n = 152) were enrolled. OS was not statistically different for rivoceranib versus placebo (median 5.78 vs. 5.13 months; hazard ratio [HR] 0.93, 95% CI 0.74–1.15; p = 0.4724). PFS by BICR (median 2.83 vs. 1.77 months; HR 0.58, 95% CI 0.47–0.71; p < 0.0001), ORR (6.5% vs. 1.3%; p = 0.0119), and DCR (40.3 vs. 13.2%; p < 0.0001) were improved with rivoceranib versus placebo. In patients receiving ≥4th-line therapy, OS (median 6.34 vs. 4.73 months; p = 0.0192) and PFS by BICR (median 3.52 vs. 1.71 months; p < 0.0001) were improved with rivoceranib versus placebo. The most common grade ≥ 3 treatment-emergent adverse events with rivoceranib were hypertension (17.9%), anemia (10.4%), aspartate aminotransferase increased (9.4%), asthenia (8.5%), and proteinuria (7.5%).

Conclusions
This study did not meet its primary OS endpoint. Compared to placebo, rivoceranib improved PFS, ORR, and DCR. Rivoceranib also improved OS in a prespecified patient subgroup receiving ≥4th-line therapy.
Newly found leaf arrangement to reduce self-shading within a crown in Japanese monoaxial tree species
Authors: Aoyagi Hitoshi , Nakabayashi Miyabi , Yamada Toshihiro 
Published: January 2024

AbstractA newly found leaf arrangement to reduce self-shading was observed in a Japanese warm-temperate forest. For monoaxial trees that deploy leaves directly on a single stem, leaf arrangements involving progressive elongation of the petiole and progressive increase in deflection angle (the angle between stem and petiole) from the uppermost to the lowermost leaves act to reduce self-shading. However, the progressive reduction in petiole length and deflection angle from the uppermost to the lowermost leaves should also result in the reduction of self-shading. Nevertheless, the latter leaf arrangement has not been reported previously for any tree species. Four Araliaceae species, namely, Gamblea innovans, Chengiopanax sciadophylloides, Dendropanax trifidus and Fatsia japonica, which are typical monoaxial tree species in Japan, were studied. We examined the crown structure of saplings growing in the light-limited understorey in a Japanese warm-temperate forest. Two evergreen species, Dendropanax trifidus and F. japonica showed progressive petiole elongation and progressive increase in the deflection angle from the uppermost to the lowermost leaves. In contrast, saplings of deciduous species, G. innovans and C. sciadophylloides had a leaf arrangement involving progressive reduction in petiole length and deflection angle from the uppermost to the lowermost leaves. The leaf arrangement has diversified among members of the same family, but all four studied species develop a crown with little self-shading that is adapted for growth in the light-limited understorey. Although trees are likely to be under the same selective pressure to reduce self-shading, this study revealed that there is flexibility in its morphological realisation, which has been poorly appreciated previously.
Examining the Intersection of Ethnoracial Disparities and HIV Status in Substance Use Risks among U.S. Adults
Authors: Hai Audrey Hang , Batey David Scott , Lee Christina S. , Li Stacey , Schnall Rebecca 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBlack/African American and Hispanic Americans experience significant HIV-related disparities. Substance use might be a contributing factor to these disparities, but there is limited research on this topic. This study investigated various substance use risks by HIV status and race/ethnicity (Black, Hispanic, White) among U.S. adults. We used data from the 2005–2019 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (N = 541,921). In each racial/ethnic group, the prevalence rates of past-year and past-month tobacco, alcohol, cannabis, and cocaine use, and past-year alcohol and illicit drug use disorders were estimated by HIV status. A series of logistic regressions with the interaction term of HIV x race/ethnicity were performed to examine race/ethnicity’s moderating effect on the HIV-substance use associations, while controlling for sociodemographic factors and survey year. Moderation analysis showed that HIV status’s association with the risks of past-year tobacco use (AOR = 1.67, 95% CI = 1.01–2.75), past-year cocaine use (AOR = 3.80, 95% CI = 1.91–7.57), past-month cocaine use (AOR = 5.34, 95% CI = 2.10–13.60), and past-year alcohol use disorder (AOR = 2.52, 95% CI = 1.29–4.92) differed significantly between Black and White adults. Between the Hispanic and White groups, HIV status’s association with the risks of past-year alcohol use (AOR = 2.00, 95% CI = 1.09–3.69), past-year cocaine use (AOR = 2.40, 95% CI = 1.06–5.39), and past-month cocaine use (AOR = 3.69, 95% CI = 1.36–10.02) also differed significantly. It is well-established that individuals with HIV face an elevated risk of substance use. Our study added valuable insights by highlighting that this phenomenon is particularly more significant among Black and Hispanic adults for several substances when compared to White adults. Implications for practice are discussed.
Collocation methods for second and higher order systems
Authors: Moreno-Martín Siro , Ros Lluís , Celaya Enric 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIt is often unnoticed that the predominant way to use collocation methods is fundamentally flawed when applied to optimal control in robotics. Such methods assume that the system dynamics is given by a first order ODE, whereas robots are often governed by a second or higher order ODE involving configuration variables and their time derivatives. To apply a collocation method, therefore, the usual practice is to resort to the well known procedure of casting an Mth order ODE into M first order ones. This manipulation, which in the continuous domain is perfectly valid, leads to inconsistencies when the problem is discretized. Since the configuration variables and their time derivatives are approximated with polynomials of the same degree, their differential dependencies cannot be fulfilled, and the actual dynamics is not satisfied, not even at the collocation points. This paper draws attention to this problem, and develops improved versions of the trapezoidal and Hermite–Simpson collocation methods that do not present these inconsistencies. In many cases, the new methods reduce the dynamics transcription error in one order of magnitude, or even more, without noticeably increasing the cost of computing the solutions.
Fluvial protected areas as a strategy to preserve riverine ecosystems—a review
Authors: Valentim Helena I. L. , Feio Maria João , Almeida Salomé F. P. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractFluvial ecosystems are essential for life on Earth. Despite this recognition and the growing implementation of restoration programs, measures aimed at halting riverine biodiversity’s decline have had limited success, so far. The implementation of protected areas has been the cornerstone of terrestrial and marine conservation. However, this strategy has only been seldomly applied to the protection of fluvial ecosystems and there is still no clear evidence of its effectiveness. We reviewed existing literature in scientific journals and reports from conservation agencies and analysed existing protection policies dedicated to rivers as well as several case studies throughout the world. Our main aim is to understand the potential advantages and drawbacks of dedicated fluvial protected areas, comparing to terrestrial protected areas and even to the total absence of protection. We also delved in the process of implementing fluvial protected areas, namely in what concerns relevant spatial scales, conservation priorities, stakeholders’ involvement and mitigation measures to potential threats. In total 173 references were retained after a comprehensive search on Google Scholar, SpringerLink, Scopus and ResearchGate. These studies revealed that, despite contradictory results, terrestrial protected areas provide some degree of protection to riverine ecosystems contained within their borders, namely through increased abundances and species richness of some specific groups. Comparatively, however, dedicated fluvial protected areas, designed to accommodate the uniqueness of these systems, hold a much higher potential. Yet, data regarding its effectiveness is still scarce, mainly due to the lack of general guidelines and resources to evaluate performance following establishment, which prevents stronger conclusions.
When Average Isn't Good Enough: Identifying Meaningful Subgroups in Clinical Data
Authors: Gloster Andrew T. , Nadler Matthias , Block Victoria , Haller Elisa , Rubel Julian , Benoy Charles , Villanueva Jeanette , Bader Klaus , Walter Marc , Lang Undine , Hofmann Stefan G. , Ciarrochi Joseph , Hayes Steven C. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Clinical data are usually analyzed with the assumption that knowledge gathered from group averages applies to the individual. Doing so potentially obscures patients with meaningfully different trajectories of therapeutic change. Needed are “idionomic” methods that first examine idiographic patterns before nomothetic generalizations are made. The objective of this paper is to test whether such an idionomic method leads to different clinical conclusions.

Methods
51 patients completed weekly process measures and symptom severity over a period of eight weeks. Change trajectories were analyzed using a nomothetic approach and an idiographic approach with bottom-up clustering of similar individuals. The outcome was patients’ well-being at post-treatment.

Results
Individuals differed in the extent that underlying processes were linked to symptoms. Average trend lines did not represent the intraindividual changes well. The idionomic approach readily identified subgroups of patients that differentially predicted distal outcomes (well-being).

Conclusions
Relying exclusively on average results may lead to an oversight of intraindividual pathways. Characterizing data first using idiographic approaches led to more refined conclusions, which is clinically useful, scientifically rigorous, and may help advance individualized psychotherapy approaches.