bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Social Cognition
Authors: Buckner Cameron J. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This chapter discusses Sophie de Grouchy’s views on social cognition and morality. De Grouchy had a particularly interesting empiricist take on the origins of empathy in the earliest experiences of infancy. This chapter argues that research on artificial social cognition is in danger of taking on board too many rationalist assumptions and heading down blind alleys, and it suggests that accurate modeling of human-like moral and social cognition will require backtracking to develop better models of human-like emotional reactions and learning curricula to hone them if we can hope to better recapitulate the formative social interactions in infancy and childhood that are required to bootstrap a human-like faculty of empathy. This chapter reviews a variety of early moves in these directions from areas of research like affective computing and artificial rearing studies.
Messengers of Sky
Authors: Mann Barbara Alice 
Published: December 2023

AbstractFor Indigenous North Americans, the original message of the Woman Who Married the Bear is the cyclical renewal of life. Ancient Messenger of the Sky People, Bear (Ursa Major) tracks the seasons. As messenger of fertility, Bear birthing her young in January bespeaks the women’s time of year. Nurturing Bear mothers modeled proper parenthood. Despite the skewed “collecting” tastes of Europeans, who privileged heroic male hunting, women were central to bear stories, the den being the womb of the Bear wife. Pregnancy’s shape-shifting nature inspired the Bear’s shape-shifting between human and man. As the original vegetable diet of Indigenous Americans perforce gave way during the Younger Dryas to lethal hunting, the love story of Bear and Woman turned darkly to that of men killing the Bear husband followed by the Grizzly wife’s revenge on them. Who would die became a tossup.
The Aesthetics and Ethics of Unwritten Music
Authors: Beaudoin Richard 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Chapter 1 unfolds the aesthetic and ethical aspects of unwritten music, including the century-old practice of classifying non-notated sounds as unwelcome. Sounds recordings are differentiated from scores. The use of “breath suppression” software is interrogated. The book’s methodology expands upon Schoenberg’s notion that music theorists attend to everything that sounds simultaneously. Three recordings—Casals playing Bach, Walker playing Chopin, and Kashkashian playing Bach—offer glimpses at the book’s analytical terrain. Analogies are drawn between unwritten music and Barthian notion of the photographic punctum, the psychological concept of facial micro-expressions, the US Census, craquelure, and painting outdoors. A study of the reception of unwritten music uncovers insidious inequalities across music studies and the recording industry along lines of gender and race. Unwritten music is connected to listener empathy.
Sounds of Breath
Authors: Beaudoin Richard 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Chapter 2 analyzes breath sounds as music. Medical definitions of musical breath, non-musical breath, and wheeze are presented alongside a discussion of respiration’s role in homeostasis. The field of psychology provides evidence of the impact of audible breaths on mood perception. Audible inhales and exhales are shown to be as diverse and complex as chords. A typology of breath sounds is presented via recordings by Goode teaching Beethoven, Balestracci recording Barrière, Quatuor Mosaïques recording Haydn, several quartets recording Debussy, Bassingthwaighte recording Varèse, Kashkashian recording Bach, and Burton recording a song sermon. The categories include breath as rhetoric, as anacrusis, as expectation, as motive, as climax, as phrase marker, and as narration. Spectrographic and score-based analyses determine the precise location, duration, and spectral content of specific inhales and exhales.
Body and Soul
Authors: Whiting Jennifer 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This volume collects essays on Aristotle’s “hylomorphism,” according to which an organism’s body stands to its soul as matter (hulê) to form (morphê). The traditional view that Aristotle recognizes only one form per infima species is rejected, in part because his conception of an animal’s soul as the “form and essence” of its (perishable) body requires each individual animal to have its own numerically distinct soul. This conception is presented as part of Aristotle’s solution to the problems his predecessors had, distinguishing generation and destruction simpliciter from the mere alteration of preexisting stuff. And the compatibility of Aristotle’s solution with his conception of matter as the substratum of coming-to-be and passing-away is defended by appeal to a distinction between functionally defined organic parts (such as eyes) and the stuffs that constitute them. Aristotle’s claim that the perceiving and desiring parts of soul are “one” is explained, and the explanatory asymmetries afforded by Aristotle’s teleology are explored: “normative” cases (where formal explanations dominate) are contrasted with “defective” ones (where matter is incompletely “mastered” by form), with special attention to akratic subjects, whose desires are not fully “mastered” by practical reason. The role played by soul in Aristotle’s account of rational agency is employed against the common dogma that he lacked the allegedly “modern” conception of “self” found in Locke. A scholarly reading of Locke’s conception, as rooted in Aristotelian and Stoic views, is presented and tied to the author’s own neo-Lockean account of personal identity.
Locomotive Soul
Authors: Whiting Jennifer 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The chapter defends the view that Aristotle’s scientific account of the human soul divides it into three parts—the nutritive-reproductive, the locomotive, and the theoretical—and that the locomotive part is a single part that Aristotle labels differently in different contexts. He speaks most often of to aisthêtikon (or perceiving part) but says that this is in a sense the same as (though different “in being” from) both to orektikon and to phantastikon (roughly the desiring and imagining parts). The locutions used here are similar to those used when Aristotle treats “the common sense” as a single faculty with distinct modalities. The chapter hypothesizes parallel views. Just as perceiving a single object as, for example, both sweet and white requires a single subject, so too action requires a single subject: if one subject desires x and another subject perceives or imagines ways to achieve x, no action will result.
Nicomachean Ethics VII.3 on Akratic Ignorance
Authors: Whiting Jennifer 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The chapter provides a translation with commentary on Nicomachean Ethics VII.3, where there is so much apparent repetition that some readers hypothesize “double-redaction”—i.e., alternative versions of the same material surviving side by side. It rejects this hypothesis, showing how in each case the allegedly redundant material remedies a problem left unresolved at the previous stage. The result is a “progressive articulation” of Aristotle’s view. This depends on rejecting an assumption that has (in the authors’ view) led to ill-advised emendations of Aristotle’s text: the assumption that Aristotle traces akratic behavior to failure to use knowledge of some particular. The argument for this assumption is weak: it rests primarily on carrying over from the theoretical example in Prior Analytics 2.1, where knowledge of some universal fails to be used, a detail that is irrelevant to the practical case, where knowledge of particulars is crucial to the status of akratic behavior as voluntary.
The Mover(s) of Rational Animals
Authors: Whiting Jennifer 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This chapter provides a reading of De Anima 3.11, not (as it is usually read) as a self-contained unit focused primarily on Aristotle’s distinction between deliberative phantasia and perceptual phantasia, but rather as part of a response to a puzzle raised at the end of 3.9, a puzzle about what part of soul is responsible for animal locomotion. This context allows us to see that prominent translations in modern languages misinterpret a key sentence and thus fail to make sense of Aristotle’s argument about what part of soul moves a rational animal when things go as they should (teleologically speaking) go. Properly understood, the argument contrasts the way in which deliberative phantasia rules (in the sense that it governs) the desires of rational agents with the way in which desires rule (in the sense that they overpower) the beliefs of akratic and enkratic subjects.
All That Comes After
Authors: Zayas Luis H. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Chapter 15 closes the book with an appraisal of how immigration has been treated over the centuries. It operates from the inexorable and inexhaustible nature of human migration and the failures of societies and governments to respond effectively and compassionately. With illustrations from the distant past and recent events, the chapter exhorts readers to consider more humane forms of immigration processing. The author lays out possibilities for reforming American policies toward Central America that would encourage investment in the region including the establishment of in-country safe zones near enterprise zones in which US companies and those from other countries can locate inexpensive and faithful labor. The chapter concludes with ideas for improving US immigration migration systems and structures.
Introduction
Authors: Dickinson Laura A. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Big Data is radically reshaping the modern battlefield. From massive datasets that increasingly “fuel” weapons systems, to the new, data-enabled technologies such as autonomous weapons and brain-computer interfaces, to the “data exhaust,” that can serve as an accountability tool for prosecuting war crimes, Big Data is changing how war is fought. As with many new military technologies and capabilities, the myriad uses of Big Data present broad questions about how best to translate existing rules and principles embedded in multiple bodies of law to these new contexts, both within armed conflict--as part of adversarial activities below the armed conflict threshold--and in a range of related operations that increasingly use, deploy, and target such data. At the same time, because Big Data is so transformative, the uses of Big Data provoke deeper questions about the law itself, exposing gaps and interpretive ambiguities in existing legal frameworks that generate critiques of those frameworks as inadequate. The chapters in this book comprise the first comprehensive initiative to grapple with a wide swath of these questions. The book confronts these issues directly, offers a range of approaches and ideas to these timely issues, and offers an initial road map for scholars, policy makers, and advocates to follow as they address the many challenges still to come.
Big Data
Authors: Schmitt Michael N. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This chapter analyzes the scenario activities involving Big Data that preceded the outbreak of hostilities. It pays particular attention to international human rights law (IHRL) and the international law rules governing sovereignty, intervention, and the use of force. With respect to international human rights law, this chapter introduces a four-step process to determine whether a State violates human rights law by conducting a cyber operation attributable to it. With respect to other international law rules, the chapter examines the elements of the rules pertaining to sovereignty, intervention, and the use of force. Chapter 5 complements this contribution by examining aspects of the scenario occurring during international armed conflict.
Cyborg Soldiers
Authors: Lubell Noam , Al-Khateeb Katya 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Recent years have seen a spotlight aimed at new technologies and how they might be used by the military. Scholars and policy makers have given much attention to autonomous weapons systems and artificial intelligence, as well as to cyber operations, but far less notice is paid to a host of other technologies that may also transform the way conflicts are conducted. One of these other areas of technological advancement is human enhancement. While a full survey of every enhancement technology is impossible in a work of this kind, this chapter addresses a specific class of enhancement known as brain-computer interfaces (BCI). While this technology is still in its infancy, the chapter identifies international humanitarian Law (IHL) issues arising from future military uses based on potential technological development. One of the most pressing issues regarding BCIs is whether the existing IHL framework, designed to regulate and safeguard the needs of conventional soldiers, can address the legal conundrums that are likely to arise when BCIs are deployed on the battlefield. To that end, this chapter provides an analysis of IHL implications relevant to a number of rules, in relation to BCI reliance on data from AI systems, weapons review, targeting the BCI, protection of individuals hors de combat, risk of perfidy, and accountability and responsibility. It also provides suggestions that, we hope, will aid in the future development of systems that can be used lawfully and reduce the risk of those that are more likely to lead to violations.
Leveraging Big Data for LOAC Enforcement
Authors: Van Schaack Beth 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This chapter highlights the promise and pitfalls of “Big Data” in the investigation and prosecution of war crimes and other atrocities. The chapter begins by surveying the myriad sources of Big Data and some of the tools for Big Data analytics, including object recognition and event detection, facial recognition, statistical analysis of targeting patterns, artificial intelligence language assessment, social networking analysis, and 3-D modeling. The chapter then details how these analytical tools are already being deployed for both atrocity prevention and accountability and how they might be applied to an even greater extent in the future. For example, large datasets can be exploited by prosecutors for multiple purposes, including geolocation of people and events, fugitive tracking, and social network analysis, which can provide lead and crime base information but also critical linkage evidence. At the same time, the chapter highlights some of the distinct challenges of using “Big Data” for such investigations, including information overload, information bias, and mis- and dis-information campaigns. Furthermore, wartime data are less likely to track some types of atrocities, such as custodial abuses or sexual violence, than others, such as massacres or air strikes with large civilian death tolls leading to physical destruction. And additional challenges arise when corporate, governmental, or even NGO actors resist providing access to such data. Yet, overall, there is no question that the rise of “Big Data” has the potential to radically enhance accountability for wartime atrocities.
The Datafication of Counterterrorism
Authors: Aoláin Fionnuala Ní 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Counterterrorism practices, institutions, and discourses have expanded over the past 20 years. This enlargement has come with extraordinary costs for international law’s integrity and traction especially revealed in the pushback against the classification and regulation of non-international armed conflicts under a laws of war framework. There are particularly adverse consequences for the integrity of human rights and humanitarian law norms because the institutional and political interests represented by counterterrorism seek to displace these norms and reclaim complex conflict and fragile space as primarily subject to exceptional and nationally defined counterterrorism legal regimes. Little systematic attention has been paid to the patterns of harm and impunity defining the post 9/11 counterterrorism landscape grounded in the widespread use of such technologies. New technology deployment in counterterrorism opens new vistas of harm, consolidates existing patterns of concern, and pervasively operates in legal gray zones. Metadata collection is spawning the datafication of counterterrorism, and the central role technology plays in consolidating its practices and institutions. In the counterterrorism realm, the lack of normative constraint on privacy and data protection functions as a positive incentive for States to invoke this legal framework when addressing security or conflict challenges instead of armed conflict or human rights derogations / limitations frames. This in turn strengthens and consolidates the counterterrorism architecture through ongoing iteration and validation.
Cool Christianity
Authors: Rocha Cristina 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
When did Christianity become cool? How did an Australian church conquer the world and expanded into Brazil, a country with its own crop of powerful megachurches? In her exciting new book, anthropologist Cristina Rocha analyzes the creation of a transnational Pentecostal field between Brazil and Australia, two countries that have been peripheral in the history of Pentecostalism but which more recently have been at the forefront of new forms of global Pentecostalism. She shows how new and reconfigured forms Christianity in both the Global North and South are increasingly digitally mediated, engaged with youth and popular cultures, and involve new forms of consumption, branding, and identity. The Australian megachurch Hillsong has expanded globally through a Cool Christianity style that embraces pop music, digital media, spectacle, branding, and celebrity culture. Rocha follows young Brazilians from their budding Hillsong fandom, to their journey to Australia to join the church and study at its college, and on their return to Brazil. She argues that Brazilian middle-class youth join Hillsong to become cosmopolitan and to distinguish themselves from the Pentecostalism of the Brazilian poor. Notwithstanding Hillsong’s recent scandals, the megachurch offers them an alternative geography of belonging, where pastors speak English and Christianity is about love, ethics, rationality, autonomy, and more equal relations between congregants and pastors. Rocha makes a strong argument for the importance of the local in globalization studies, and the key roles of class, affect, and aesthetics for an understanding of the formation of religious subjectivities and communities.
Resting in God
Authors: Rocha Cristina 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This chapter explores the role of Pentecostalism in the lives of the middle-class Brazilian students at Hillsong in Sydney. Brazilian students lead precarious lives. They are transitioning into adulthood and living away from the homeland and without their families for the first time. They experience downward mobility and are at the mercy of constant changes in the Australian migration policy. Here, the focus of analysis widens to other two churches that adopt similar aesthetic formation to Hillsong’s, as many Brazilians strategically circulate between these and Hillsong to find a home away from home. This chapter argues that Pentecostalism offers them a framework to make sense of their student migration journey. Brazilian students narrate the governance of mobility as exemplifying God’s work in their lives. In their lack of control, citizenship in the Kingdom of God gives them a more significant sense of belonging than that of the Australian nation.
Living the Dream
Authors: Rocha Cristina 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This chapter discusses young Brazilians’ experiences at Hillsong College. It considers the powerful affective and transformational experiences of youth enrolled and housed at Hillsong College and who arrive alone in Sydney. The chapter investigates how they affectively embed their subjectivity within the church and come to think of their experience of studying and serving full time (thus donating substantial time and energy to the church) as “living the dream.” It argues that there are many reasons for them to feel so enthusiastic about the college—its focus on leadership and teaching of punctuality, reliability, autonomy, and excellence; the more egalitarian relationships with pastors and worship leaders; opportunities to make friends with other students from all over the world; and their own subjectivity becoming associated with the church (and brand) they loved. Overall, Hillsong College elicited deeply affective responses from Brazilian students.
Taking Root and Spreading Shoots
Authors: Rocha Cristina 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This chapter investigates the establishment of Hillsong São Paulo and how Hillsong’s Cool Christianity style spreads in the country, both online and offline. The challenges the megachurch faced in Brazil bring to the fore not only Hillsong’s own problems caused by its global expansion through branding and fandom. They also show the inherent tensions that exist when a global network takes root locally. This chapter contends that as a megachurch with branches in many countries which have different Pentecostal cultures, the Hillsong aesthetic style needs to be fine-tuned—inclusive enough to be relevant to youth but also conservative enough to allow for its global expansion. It argues that the Hillsong’s Cool Christianity style is able to flourish in the country and be adopted (and adapted) by other churches because its focus on excellence, excitement, celebrity culture, use of English language, and high production values fit well with Brazilians’ imaginary of the Global North.
Conclusion
Authors: Rocha Cristina 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The conclusion considers how the narratives of abuse at Hillsong played out in Brazil in comparison to Australia and the United States. It argues that Brazil has been shielded from this turbulent period because Hillsong’s appeal there—a focus on grace and love rather than judgment; opportunities to become cosmopolitan, learn English and work skills; and an alternative geography of belonging—has endured. Accordingly, this book shows that the local is key to religious (im)mobility. The social conditions of the local generate affective imaginaries of other places and propel people to action. This could be in the form of fandom, (imaginary or actual) travel, and adoption of new sensational forms from elsewhere. By focusing on how Hillsong’s Cool Christianity style spreads in Brazil through middle-class aspiration for cosmopolitanism, this book shows how the work of imagination is mediated by power asymmetries between the Global North and South.