bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Waste catalyst potential for co-pyrolysis of biomass and single-use plastics: model-free isoconversional kinetics and thermodynamics
Authors: Mariyam Sabah , McKay Gordon , Al-Ansari Tareq 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe study aims to investigate the kinetic and thermodynamic characteristics of single and binary pyrolysis of biomass (date pits: DP) and single-use-plastics (polypropylene: PP, and polystyrene: PS), and the effect of adding natural catalysts—seashell (SS) and cuttlebone (CB) for ternary co-pyrolysis of the feeds. The activation energy (Ea) was calculated using different model-free kinetic methods, including Kissinger–Akahira–Sunose (KAS), Ozawa–Flynn–Wall (FWO), and Starink, utilizing information from the degradation at three heating rates from room temperature to 1173 K. The results showed that all three methods produced relatively similar Ea values with a high coefficient of correlation (R2), indicating a good fit for the data. The Ea values for single feeds of DP, PP, and PS using the FWO method were found to be in the range of 196–223 kJ/mol, while for binary feeds—DPPP and DPPPS—the values were found to be lower than for the individual plastics. The high Ea values of the binary plastic mixture are also reduced by ~ 40 kJ/mol in the ternary mixture due to biomass co-pyrolysis. Additionally, the study revealed that the addition of SS and CB catalysts positively affected the ternary co-pyrolysis by reducing activation energy by 28.5 and 5.8%, respectively, due to the catalytic activity of 20 wt% of CaCO3 decomposition from the seashell and cuttlebone added in situ to the feeds. The research contribution of this study lies in its comprehensive investigation of the kinetic and thermodynamic characteristics of biomass and plastic pyrolysis, including single and binary systems, as well as the introduction of natural catalysts for ternary co-pyrolysis. The findings highlight the effectiveness of the studied catalysts in reducing activation energy and provide valuable insights for the development of efficient biomass and plastic waste conversion processes.
Schrödinger’s Fetus and Relational Ontology: Reconciling Three Contradictory Intuitions in Abortion Debates
Authors: Milford Stephen R. , Shaw David 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPro-life and pro-choice advocates battle for rational dominance in abortion debates. Yet, public polling (and general legal opinion) demonstrates the public’s preference for the middle ground: that abortions are acceptable in certain circumstances and during early pregnancy. Implicit in this, are two contradictory intuitions: (1) that we were all early fetuses, and (2) abortion kills no one. To hold these positions together, Harman and Räsänen have argued for the Actual Future Principle (AFP) which distinguishes between fetuses that will develop into persons and those that will never develop into persons. However intellectually ingenious their solutions are, they fail to account for a third intuition: that the death of a wanted fetus – e.g. through termination or miscarriage – is of moral significance. Not only is this practically important, but it is also supported by public opinion. The authors of this paper argue that relational ontology can modify the AFP to better account for all three intuitions. Furthermore, it further emphasizes the pivotal role of the pregnant person who relates to their own fetus in either personal or impersonal ways. Addressing the fundamental challenges of relational ontology, the authors defend the position that human personal identity is ultimately relational.
Convergent Evolution of Prehistoric Technologies: the Entropy and Diversity of Limited Solutions
Authors: Diachenko Aleksandr , Rivers Ray John , Sobkowiak-Tabaka Iwona 
Published: October 2023

AbstractLinking the likelihood of convergent evolution to the technologies’ complexity, this paper identifies the scales of technological diffusion and convergence, i.e., the evolving of structures that are similar, but not related to a common “ancestor.” Our study provides quantitative measures for understanding complexity and connectivity in technologies. The utility of our approach is exemplified through the case study of Cucuteni-Tripolye pottery kilns in Chalcolithic Southeastern Europe. The analysis shows that technological evolution has to be scaled to the “technologically important” (in quantitative terms) component parts, whose introduction shapes a ground for extinction and self-evolvement caused by the cascade effects along technological design structure. Similar technological solutions to the technological design structure engender the spread of similar devices in various locations. Surprisingly, such a broad distribution may be the result of relatively low internal diversity, rather than arising from higher efficiency. This gives some reasons for the underestimation of convergence as a mechanism for evolution of technology in current prehistoric archaeology.
Ordering discontinuous $$\varvec{\varphi }$$-feature agree: verbal -s in North Eastern English
Authors: Fritzsche Rosa 
Published: October 2023

AbstractNorth Eastern English differs from Standard English with respect to agreement: According to theNorthern Subject Rule,3sgagreement marking (verbal -s) occurs on verbs in clauses with non-3sgsubjects provided that they are not personal pronouns adjacent to the verb. However, data from theDiachronic Electronic Corpus of Tyneside Englishshows that verbal-salso does not occur with non-adjacent personal pronouns subjects in contemporary North Eastern English. I argue that verbal-swith non-pronominal non-3sgsubjects follows from two conceptual assumptions: firstly, the requirement to order feature-driven elementary operations and secondly, splitting up$$\upvarphi $$φ-Agree into two separate operations (i.e., person and number Agree). The difference in agreement between North Eastern English and Standard English stems from the different ordering of features on T. In Standard English, person and number probes are ordered before the structure building feature, which triggers movement. In the North Eastern English order, however, the structure-building feature intervenes between the two probe features. The full DP/pronoun split is explained by different kinds of movement: In the case of a full DP, subject movement to Spec/TP bleeds number agreement and verbal-semerges, while pronominal subjects remain in the c-command domain of T because they head-move to T.
Predictive modeling of roughness change in multistep machining
Authors: Teimouri Reza , Skoczypiec Sebastian 
Published: October 2023

AbstractFollowing sustainability in manufacturing, the machining chain can be optimized by either reducing the time and energy consumption of each operation or eliminating the unnecessary operations subjected to keeping the quality of the final product as consistent. However, the roadblock in designing an optimum machining chain is lack of prediction tool to interact between the included operations. In this paper, an integrated algorithm is developed to simulate the surface roughness generation and following modification caused by milling and burnishing, respectively. Predict the surface roughness generation by milling process and its alternation after burnishing. The algorithm works on the basis of clouds of points which were generated in the engagement region of tool and workpiece and their transformation from tool to workpiece coordinate systems. Moreover, some mechanical attributes of the process regarding effect of surface work hardening and elastic rebound were added to the algorithm to enhance the accuracy of simulation. To verify the results, a series of burnishing experiments with multi-roller rotary tool have been carried out on the surface of the finish-milled samples and the surface roughness change was taken into investigation. The obtained results showed that by applying the work hardening and springback effect to predictive algorithm the prediction accuracy of roughness at submicron level enhances up to 50%. It was also found that the most influential parameters influencing the surface roughness after milling-burnishing sequence are milled surface roughness, burnishing force and pass number. In addition, results showed that applying burnishing after rough machining consumes lots of energy to achieve nanoscale surface finish. Accordingly, the sequence of rough-milling, finish-milling and burnishing results in achieving sound surface finish within significantly shorter period of time and applied force.
Solidarity Among Strangers During Natural Disasters: How Economic Insights May Improve Our Understanding of Virtues
Authors: Reese Alexander , Pies Ingo 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe renaissance of Aristotelian virtue ethics has produced an extensive philosophical literature that criticizes markets for a lack of virtues. Drawing on Michael Sandel’s virtue-ethical critique of price gouging during natural disasters, we (1) identify and clarify serious misunderstandings in recurring price-gouging debates between virtue-ethical critics and economists. Subsequently, (2) we respond to Sandel’s call for interdisciplinary dialogue. However, instead of solely calling on economics to embrace insights from virtue ethics, we prefer a two-sided version of interdisciplinary dialogue and argue that virtue ethics should embrace economic insights. In particular, we argue that if virtue ethics is to preserve its social relevance under modern conditions, it should re-conceptualize its notion of virtue and re-evaluate the self-interested but effective—and in this sense solidary—help among strangers via markets as virtuous rather than devaluate it as greed, that is, as vicious price gouging.
Oral Health Status, Behaviours and Oral Healthcare Utilization among Indian Migrants Compared to the Host Population in the Netherlands: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Pabbla Amandeep , Agyemang Charles , van der Heijden Geert , Duijster Denise 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe aim of this study was to assess the oral health status, oral health behaviours and oral healthcare utilization among Indian migrants living in the Netherlands and how they compare with the host population. Based on a random sample from Dutch municipalities, cross-sectional data were obtained for the Indian migrants living in the Netherlands (n = 148) and the host population (n = 244). A questionnaire was used to collect information on socio-demographic, self-reported oral health status, oral health behaviours and oral healthcare utilization. The distribution of self-reported oral health variables for both groups were tabulated and compared using logistic, ordinal and multinomial regression analysis. When adjusted for covariates such as age, gender, marital status, education, income, occupation and dental insurance, regression analysis for oral health status showed that the odds of reporting oral impact on daily performances (OIDP) was 5.87 times higher for Indians compared to the host population (95%CI:3.45;9.65). In contrast, the odds of Indians reporting bleeding gums [OR = 0.44 (95%CI:0.27;0.73)] and diagnosed with gum diseases [OR = 0.23(95%CI:0.13;0.39)] were lower than the host population. Also, the odds of consuming alcohol and cakes or chocolates was significantly lower among Indian migrants compared to the host population [(OR = 0.15(95%CI:0.09;0.25)] and [OR = 0.33(95%CI:0.21;0.52)], respectively. But the odds of consuming sugar in hot beverages were significantly higher among Indians [OR = 10.44(95%CI:5.99;18.19)]. The odds of Indians visiting a dental professional were 9.22 times (95%CI:4.62;18.40) lower compared to the host population. We found that oral health status and behaviours among Indian migrants were different in certain aspects compared to the host population. However, their oral healthcare utilization remained overall lower. The underlying determinants for such observations merit further research. Migrant friendly approach from both the dental professionals and policy makers can encourage dental visits and improve the utilization patterns among Indians migrants in the future.
The Study of RFID Technology and Laser Telemetry to Locate Products in Space
Authors: Shull Curtis , Marecki Krystian , Huk Katarzyna , Wolski Robert 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe idea of Industry 4.0 is a stage of revolution in terms of new solutions and advanced technology, as well as artificial intelligence. Micro and macroeconomic factors generate the need to modify logistics and production processes in enterprises. One of the changes is the organization of warehouse management. The aim of the article is to indicate the possibility of using RFID technology in conjunction with Laser Telemetry in the location of objects in space along with the visualization of this location. In addition, the study aims to merge passive RFID technology with laser scanning to produce a system that can identify and locate objects in a virtual Computer-Aided Design (CAD)—based 3Dimensional (3D) environment. The described case study is the result of research conducted as part of the implementation project. This paper describes the steps to be taken and the creation of a system that will use RFID technology and that will enable the identification of objects in the space of computer systems. For this purpose, it was possible to create a system that will identify objects using RFID and Laser Telemetry in 3D space.
THz dual-core liquid photonic crystal fiber with high negative dispersion
Authors: Alrayk Yassmin K. A. , Younis B. M. , El-Deeb Walid S. , Hameed Mohamed Farhat O. , Obayya S. S. A. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractA novel photonic crystal fiber (PCF) design is proposed and analyzed with highly negative dispersion for THz applications. The reported PCF has TOPAS background material due to its low material loss in THz regime. Further, dual porous cores are constructed and selectively infiltrated with liquid crystal (LC) material to control the dispersion characteristics of the reported PCF. The basic operation of the suggested dual core LCPCF (DC-LCPCF) depends on the optical coupling between the supported modes of the two porous core regions in the THz regime to achieve high negative dispersion for the two fundamental polarizations: transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM). The coupling can be switched between the TE and TM modes by applying an external electric field on the LC material via two metallic electrodes. The full vectorial finite element method (FVFEM) is utilized to study the dispersion characteristics of the DC-LCPCF structure. The obtained results reveal that the TE and TM modes have large negative chromatic dispersions of − 44.57 ps/THz/cm and − 30.59 ps/THz/cm at frequencies of 0.386 THz and 0.4027 THz, respectively. So, it will be a solution for further innovation of fiber devices in the THz regime.
MPMCT gate decomposition method reducing T-depth quickly in proportion to the number of work qubits
Authors: Lee Jongheon , Kang Yousung , Lee You-Seok , Chung Boheung , Choi Dooho 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWe propose a method for efficient mixed polarity multiple controlled Toffoli (MPMCT) gate decomposition from the perspective of a cost metric related to Toffoli gates, namely Toffoli-depth. When using the technique presented in a previous study, there is a range in which Toffoli-depth (consequently T-depth) of the implemented circuit increases proportionally as the number of provided (clean) work qubits increases. In other words, using the previous technique may result in more inefficient MPMCT gates even though the number of helpful work qubits has increased. In this work, a technique is devised to provide sufficient help from clean work qubits at the central part of the implemented circuit as many as possible, thereby addressing the issues with the previous technique. Meanwhile, one of the representative algorithms that use MPMCT gates is Grover’s algorithm. We show the implementation results for MPMCT gates according to the number of work qubits, using Grover’s algorithm as an example. It is experimentally demonstrated that T-depth decreases much more quickly when using our method than the previous method.
Key language, cognitive and higher-order skills for L2 reading comprehension of expository texts in English as foreign language students: a systematic review
Authors: Vettori G. , Casado Ledesma L. , Tesone S. , Tarchi C. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis systematic review addressed the following question: Which are the relations between L1 and/or L2 foundational and upper-level language skills, cognitive skills, high-order cognitive and self-regulation factors and L2-English reading comprehension skills in 11-to-19 year EFL secondary school students with different L1 language profiles? Following preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses guidelines, twenty-seven studies were included for a systematic synthesis of results in the light of the different grades of “family language distance” between L1 and L2-English (i.e., “close related” vs. “partially related” vs. “not related”). We found that several L1 and L2 language skills (e.g., vocabulary, morphological awareness), cognitive skills (e.g., working memory) and high-order factors as metacognitive knowledge were positively associated with L2-English reading comprehension, regardless of different language groups. Conversely, we found that several well-known predictors of text comprehension are neglected in the scientific literature on reading in L2. We discuss practical implications and key recommendations to support school and future research.
Realism about tense and atemporality
Authors: Eker Bahadir 
Published: October 2023

AbstractRealists about tense, or A-theorists of time, believe that some of the facts that fundamentally constitute reality are tensed, and most of them seem to think that those tensed facts are to be understood as fixing the way things are, absolutely speaking, or simpliciter. But there is a simple yet powerful argument, the argument from atemporality, to the effect that realists should reject the absolutist conception of reality’s constitution by facts because, despite appearances to the contrary, that conception is in fact inconsistent with realism about tense. After presenting the argument, I investigate why the relevant inconsistency has not been recognised so far and point to one possible explanation.
Altruists will be Altruists, but What About Individualists? The Role of Future Time Perspective and Social Value Orientation in Volunteers’ Declarations to Continue Engagement in Three Time Horizons
Authors: Nowakowska Iwona 
Published: October 2023

AbstractVolunteering involves caring for the outcomes of others and typically long-term orientation so that one can achieve goals that are not always clearly visible in the short term. As with any activity, volunteering attracts people of different social value orientations—some rather individualistic, some rather altruistic. The aim of the study was to find out whether the future time perspective, which promotes thinking about future goals and planning, is linked to volunteers' declarations of the probability of them continuing volunteering in a month, year, and three years and whether this link is moderated by social value orientation. An online questionnaire-based study was performed on a sample of 245 volunteers. The results indicated that the higher the social value orientation, the greater the predicted probability of continuing volunteering. Future time perspective was related to the predicted probability of continuing volunteering in all investigated time horizons only when volunteers had a more individualistic than altruistic social value orientation. Younger age and longer experience with volunteering were also linked to the predicted probability of continuing volunteering in a year and three years (but not in one month). The results show the importance of social value orientation and future time perspective for more individualistic volunteers in their willingness to volunteer further. The study has practical implications for organizations' management, who should consider developing cooperation skills in their volunteers. For competitive volunteers, they may also highlight how challenges could make an impact in the future so that they intend to remain active.
Assessment of Brain Tumour Perfusion Using Early-Phase 18F-FET PET: Comparison with Perfusion-Weighted MRI
Authors: Filss Christian P. , Cramer Julian , Löher Saskia , Lohmann Philipp , Stoffels Gabriele , Stegmayr Carina , Kocher Martin , Heinzel Alexander , Galldiks Norbert , Wittsack Hans J. , Sabel Michael , Neumaier Bernd , Scheins Jürgen , Shah N. Jon , Meyer Philipp T. , Mottaghy Felix M. , Langen Karl-Josef 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Morphological imaging using MRI is essential for brain tumour diagnostics. Dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC) perfusion-weighted MRI (PWI), as well as amino acid PET, may provide additional information in ambiguous cases. Since PWI is often unavailable in patients referred for amino acid PET, we explored whether maps of relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV) in brain tumours can be extracted from the early phase of PET using O-(2-18F-fluoroethyl)-L-tyrosine (18F-FET).

Procedure
Using a hybrid brain PET/MRI scanner, PWI and dynamic 18F-FET PET were performed in 33 patients with cerebral glioma and four patients with highly vascularized meningioma. The time interval from 0 to 2 min p.i. was selected to best reflect the blood pool phase in 18F-FET PET. For each patient, maps of MR-rCBV, early 18F-FET PET (0–2 min p.i.) and late 18F-FET PET (20–40 min p.i.) were generated and coregistered. Volumes of interest were placed on the tumour (VOI-TU) and normal-appearing brain (VOI-REF). The correlation between tumour-to-brain ratios (TBR) of the different parameters was analysed. In addition, three independent observers evaluated MR-rCBV and early 18F-FET maps (18F-FET-rCBV) for concordance in signal intensity, tumour extent and intratumoural distribution.

Results
TBRs calculated from MR-rCBV and 18F-FET-rCBV showed a significant correlation (r = 0.89, p < 0.001), while there was no correlation between late 18F-FET PET and MR-rCBV (r = 0.24, p = 0.16) and 18F-FET-rCBV (r = 0.27, p = 0.11). Visual rating yielded widely agreeing findings or only minor differences between MR-rCBV maps and 18F-FET-rCBV maps in 93 % of the tumours (range of three independent raters 91–94%, kappa among raters 0.78–1.0).

Conclusion
Early 18F-FET maps (0–2 min p.i.) in gliomas provide similar information to MR-rCBV maps and may be helpful when PWI is not possible or available. Further studies in gliomas are needed to evaluate whether 18F-FET-rCBV provides the same clinical information as MR-rCBV.
Clinical and neuroimaging review of monogenic cerebral small vessel disease from the prenatal to adolescent developmental stage
Authors: Enokizono Mikako , Kurokawa Ryo , Yagishita Akira , Nakata Yasuhiro , Koyasu Sho , Nihira Hiroshi , Kuwashima Shigeko , Aida Noriko , Kono Tatsuo , Mori Harushi 
Published: October 2023

AbstractCerebral small vessel disease (cSVD) refers to a group of pathological processes with various etiologies affecting the small vessels of the brain. Most cases are sporadic, with age-related and hypertension-related sSVD and cerebral amyloid angiopathy being the most prevalent forms. Monogenic cSVD accounts for up to 5% of causes of stroke. Several causative genes have been identified. Sporadic cSVD has been widely studied whereas monogenic cSVD is still poorly characterized and understood. The majority of cases of both the sporadic and monogenic types, including cerebral autosomal-dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL), typically have their onset in adulthood. Types of cSVD with infantile and childhood onset are rare, and their diagnosis is often challenging. The present review discusses the clinical and neuroimaging findings of monogenic cSVD from the prenatal to adolescent period of development. Early diagnosis is crucial to enabling timely interventions and family counseling.