bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neuromuscular organization of the benthic ctenophore, Vallicula multiformis
Authors: Mohri Kurato , Watanabe Hiroshi 
Published: January 2024

AbstractCtenophora is the earliest metazoan taxon with neurons and muscles. Recent studies have described genetic, physiological, and cellular characteristics of the neural and muscular systems of this phylogenically important lineage. However, despite the ecological diversity of ctenophore niches, including both pelagic and benthic forms, studies have focused predominantly on pelagic species. In the present study, we describe the neural and muscular architectures of the benthic ctenophore, Vallicula multiformis (Order Platyctenida), employing immunohistochemical analysis using antibodies against amidated neuropeptides with the C-terminal sequences VWYa, NPWa, FGLa, or WTGa to compare it to pelagic species. In V. multiformis, which lacks the characteristic comb rows seen in pelagic ctenophores, neural structures that develop beneath the comb were not detected, whereas the subepithelial and tentacle neural networks showed considerable similarity to those of pelagic species. Despite significant differences in morphology and lifestyle, muscle organization in V. multiformis closely resembles that of pelagic species. Detailed analysis of neurons that express these peptides unveiled a neural architecture composed of various neural subtypes. This included widely distributed subepithelial neural networks (SNNs) and neurosecretory cells located primarily in the peripheral region. The consistent distribution patterns of the VWYa-positive SNN and tentacle nerves between V. multiformis and the pelagic species, Bolinopsis mikado, suggest evolutionarily conserved function of these neurons in the Ctenophora. In contrast, NPWa-positive neurons, which extend neurites connecting the apical organ and comb rows in B. mikado, showed a neurite-less neurosecretory cell morphology in this flattened, sessile species. Evaluation of characteristics and variations in neural and muscular architectures shared by benthic and pelagic ctenophore species may yield valuable insights for unraveling the biology of this rapidly evolving yet enigmatic metazoan lineage. These findings also provide important insight into neural control modalities in early metazoan evolution.
The mechanism of spontaneous corrugation on the snowy and icy roads produced by the moving vehicles in cold regions
Authors: Zheng Hao , Cao Yu , Ma Chongqian , Kanie Shunji 
Published: January 2024

AbstractTraffic safety in cold regions is seriously affected by the snow and ice brought by the extreme climate. The snowy and icy road cannot provide enough friction for the safe operation of vehicles due to its smooth and uneven surface. In this research, we are going to focus on the uneven corrugation occurred on snowy and icy roads and to investigate the formation mechanism of this spontaneous corrugation which can seriously threaten the traffic safety. According to field observations, we found that the corrugation phenomenon generated by moving vehicles is a complicated thermal–mechanical coupled process. In order to simplify this complicated process, we are going to focus on the mechanical process of the formation of spontaneous corrugation only at this stage. Field observation by time-lapse cameras has been conducted to disclose its forming process directly. Then, we adopted sand as the material to reproduce the spontaneous corrugation in the laboratory which can eliminate the influence of the thermal process. By considering the compressibility and mobility of the surface material comprehensively, a numerical model has been successfully constructed for imitating the forming process of corrugation. Then based on this proposed numerical model, a preliminary discussion on the influence of natural frequency on the number of the corrugation has been conducted. The relationship between the natural frequency which is decided by the vehicle itself and the corrugation is promising to be utilized in optimizing the vehicle design to improve the performance on the snowy and icy roads.
Proanthocyanidins supplemented diet alter anti-aging-markers and improved lifespan in Drosophila melanogaster model
Authors: Jaafaru Mohammed Sani , Muhammad Suleiman Alhaji , Mohammed Zainab Kasim , Aliyu Yakubu , Razis Ahmad Faizal Abdull 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
It is unequivocally believed that phenolics and flavonoids from fruits and vegetables hold robust prevention potentials against age-related disease development through their abundant hydroxyl groups. This study explored the potential neuromuscular enhancement and anti-aging effects of dietary supplemented proanthocyanidins-rich fraction from Tamarindus indica on Drosophila melanogaster model. One- to three-day-old male and female D. melanogaster were fed with a proanthocyanidins-rich fraction-supplemented diet for 7 days at two different concentrations. Following the effective dose determination, longevity assay (rate of survival), behavioral assay (negative geotaxis and eclosion), and biochemical assays (aging and antioxidant enzymes activities) were conducted to assess the fraction’s longevity, antioxidant, and anti-aging effects on D. melanogaster model.

Result
The results showed a significant (p < 0.05) improvement in the rate of emergence and lifespan of the flies fed with proanthocyanidins-rich fraction-supplemented diet at both concentrations (1.5 mg/g and 2.5 mg/g) compared to the normal control. A significant decrease in acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and the level of caspase-3 and caspase-9 were observed in the D. melanogaster flies fed with the fraction-containing diet when compared with the normal control. The supplemented diet also significantly increases the activity of catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione-s-transferase (GST) in a concentration-dependent manner but not nicotinamide quinone oxidoreductase one (NQO1) in D. melanogaster upon comparison with the normal control.

Conclusion
The observable changes in the experiment were attributed to the T. indica-derived proanthocyanidins, flavonoids with robust biological activities. The flavonoid-rich fraction proved its potential by enhancing the antioxidant system in D. melanogaster via the increase in the activities of some of the phase II antioxidant enzymes. The present study provides more insights into the wider perspectives of societies on the use of plant-derived natural compounds as the potential approach toward prevention against aging and age-related morbidities which enhance wellness and the quality of life in humans and animals.
Young minds, deeper insights: a recap of the BMAS Summer School 2023, ranging from basic research to clinical implications of bone marrow adipose tissue
Authors: Amorim Tânia , Trivanovic Drenka , Benova Andrea , Li Hongshuai , Tencerova Michaela , Palmisano Biagio 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT
Bone marrow adiposity (BMA) is a rapidly growing yet very young research field that is receiving worldwide attention based on its intimate relationship with skeletal and metabolic diseases, as well as hematology and cancer. Moreover, increasing numbers of young scientists and students are currently and actively working on BMA within their research projects. These developments led to the foundation of the International Bone Marrow Adiposity Society (BMAS), with the goal to promote BMA knowledge worldwide, and to train new generations of researchers interested in studying this field. Among the many initiatives supported by BMAS, there is the BMAS Summer School, inaugurated in 2021 and now at its second edition. The aim of the BMAS Summer School 2023 was to educate and train students by disseminating the latest advancement on BMA. Moreover, Summer School 2023 provided suggestions on how to write grants, deal with negative results in science, and start a laboratory, along with illustrations of alternative paths to academia. The event was animated by constructive and interactive discussions between early-career researchers and more senior scientists. In this report, we highlight key moments and lessons learned from the event.
Lázaro e João Grilo: intersecções possíveis do gênero picaresco
Authors: Costa Alvaro Daniel 
Published: January 2024

A presente resenha trata da obra “O filho do rio e o sertanejo: Lazarillo de Tormes e seu herdeiro João Grilo” , publicada pela editora Texto e Contexto no ano de 2021. O livro aborda o contexto do Século de Ouro da Espanha, bem como o conceito de gênero picaresco, além de uma análise comparativa entre Lázaro e João Grilo.
Theoretical performance of a 1.5-µm satellite-borne coherent Doppler wind lidar using a planar waveguide optical amplifier with a demonstrated figure of merit: simulation of signal detection probability, measurement precision, and bias
Authors: Yoshiki Wataru , Yanagisawa Takayuki , Kameyama Shumpei , Imaki Masaharu , Sakaizawa Daisuke 
Published: January 2024

We report performance of a satellite-borne coherent Doppler wind lidar (SCDWL), which equips a planer waveguide amplifier (PWA) operating in a wavelength of 1.5 µm. The performance is defined by detection probability, measurement precision, and bias, and is characterized with a Doppler wind lidar (DWL) simulation that considers a realistic wind velocity profile, and instrumental and atmospheric parameters. Among the parameters, we carefully model those related to the PWA whose figure of merit has great impact on the performance of SCDWL and has shown rapid improvement in recent years. Moreover, we introduce three models for a backscattering coefficient (high, moderate, and low) to assess the influence from variation of atmospheric backscattering. Our simulation demonstrates that the SCDWL can work with reasonable performance for the target altitude of 6 km in the case of the high-backscattering model. The simulation also exhibits that the SCDWL can observe wind velocity at the altitude of 12 km if improved instrumental parameters or higher backscattering coefficients are considered. In addition, we reveal that non-uniform wind velocity distribution degrades the performance of the SCDWL and induces a bias between measured and real wind velocity.
Frequency-comb-linearized, widely tunable lasers for coherent ranging
Authors: Shi Baoqi , Luo Yi-Han , Sun Wei , Hu Yue , Long Jinbao , Bai Xue , Wang Anting , Liu Junqiu 
Published: January 2024

Tunable lasers, with the ability to continuously vary their emission wavelengths, have found widespread applications across various fields such as biomedical imaging, coherent ranging, optical communications, and spectroscopy. In these applications, a wide chirp range is advantageous for large spectral coverage and high frequency resolution. Besides, the frequency accuracy and precision also depend critically on the chirp linearity of the laser. While extensive efforts have been made on the development of many kinds of frequency-agile, widely tunable, narrow-linewidth lasers, wideband yet precise methods to characterize and linearize laser chirp dynamics are also demanded. Here we present an approach to characterize laser chirp dynamics using an optical frequency comb. The instantaneous laser frequency is tracked over terahertz bandwidth at 1 MHz intervals. Using this approach we calibrate the chirp performance of 12 tunable lasers from Toptica, Santec, New Focus, EXFO, and NKT that are commonly used in fiber optics and integrated photonics. In addition, with acquired knowledge of laser chirp dynamics, we demonstrate a simple frequency-linearization scheme that enables coherent ranging without any optical or electronic linearization unit. Our approach not only presents novel wideband, high-resolution laser spectroscopy, but is also critical for sensing applications with ever-increasing requirements on performance.
Artificial intelligence in fracture detection with different image modalities and data types: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Jung Jongyun , Dai Jingyuan , Liu Bowen , Wu Qing 
Published: January 2024

Artificial Intelligence (AI), encompassing Machine Learning and Deep Learning, has increasingly been applied to fracture detection using diverse imaging modalities and data types. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the efficacy of AI in detecting fractures through various imaging modalities and data types (image, tabular, or both) and to synthesize the existing evidence related to AI-based fracture detection. Peer-reviewed studies developing and validating AI for fracture detection were identified through searches in multiple electronic databases without time limitations. A hierarchical meta-analysis model was used to calculate pooled sensitivity and specificity. A diagnostic accuracy quality assessment was performed to evaluate bias and applicability. Of the 66 eligible studies, 54 identified fractures using imaging-related data, nine using tabular data, and three using both. Vertebral fractures were the most common outcome (n = 20), followed by hip fractures (n = 18). Hip fractures exhibited the highest pooled sensitivity (92%; 95% CI: 87–96, p< 0.01) and specificity (90%; 95% CI: 85–93, p< 0.01). Pooled sensitivity and specificity using image data (92%; 95% CI: 90–94, p< 0.01; and 91%; 95% CI: 88–93, p < 0.01) were higher than those using tabular data (81%; 95% CI: 77–85, p< 0.01; and 83%; 95% CI: 76–88, p < 0.01), respectively. Radiographs demonstrated the highest pooled sensitivity (94%; 95% CI: 90–96, p < 0.01) and specificity (92%; 95% CI: 89–94, p< 0.01). Patient selection and reference standards were major concerns in assessing diagnostic accuracy for bias and applicability. AI displays high diagnostic accuracy for various fracture outcomes, indicating potential utility in healthcare systems for fracture diagnosis. However, enhanced transparency in reporting and adherence to standardized guidelines are necessary to improve the clinical applicability of AI.
Review Registration: PROSPERO (CRD42021240359).
Clinical Uncertainty in Large Vessel Occlusion ischemic stroke (CULVO): Does automated perfusion scanning make a difference? Protocol of an intrarater and interrater agreement study
Authors: Diestro Jose Danilo Bengzon , Fahed Robert , Benomar Anass , Omar Abdelsimar T. , Pereira Vitor Mendes , Spears Julian , Marotta Thomas R. , Djiadeu Pascal , Sharma Sunjay , Farrokhyar Forough 
Published: January 2024

Background
Guidelines recommend the use of perfusion computed tomography (CT) to identify emergent large vessel ischemic stroke (ELVIS) patients who are likely to benefit from endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) if they present within 6–24 hour (late window) of stroke onset. We aim to determine if the interrater and intrarater reliability among physicians when recommending EVT is significantly different when perfusion CT or non-perfusion CT is reviewed.

Methods
A total of 30 non-consecutive patients will be selected from our institutional database comprising 3144 cranial CT scans performed for acute stroke symptoms January 2018 to August 2022. The clinical and radiologic data of the 30 patients will be presented in random order to a group of 29 physicians in two separate sessions at least three weeks apart. In each session, the physicians will evaluate each patient once with automated perfusion images and once without. We will use non-overlapping 95% confidence intervals and difference in agreement classification as criteria to suggest a difference between the Gwet AC1 statistics (κG).

Discussion
The results obtained from this study, combined with the clinical outcomes data of patients categorized through the two imaging techniques and a cost-effectiveness analysis, will offer a comprehensive evaluation of the clinical utility of perfusion CT neuroimaging. Should there be no significant disparity in the reliability of decisions made by clinicians using the two neuroimaging protocols, it may be necessary to revise existing recommendations regarding neuroimaging in the later time window to align with these findings.
Intestinal ganglioneuromatosis as an early extra-endocrine manifestation of type 2B multiple endocrine neoplasia
Authors: Averianova J. V. , Kalinchenko N. Y. , Brovin D. N. , Petryaykina E. E. , Tiulpakov A. N. 
Published: January 2024

Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2B (MEN 2B) is a rare variant of hereditary tumor syndromes caused by germinal mutations in the proto-oncogene RET. One of the components of the syndrome is multiple neurinomas, the early detection of which is not always given due attention. We present a description of the case of MEN 2B, manifested in the first months of life by intestinal ganglioneuromatosis. The disease presented with chronic constipation, including episodes of intestinal obstruction that required repeated surgical interventions. MEN 2B was suspected at the age of 15. At the time of diagnosis, an increase in serum calcitonin levels was noted (1041 pg/ml, norm <9.5 pg/ml), and a node in the thyroid gland was also determined (1,3*1,0*1,2 see, TIRADS 5), subsequently verified as a neoplasm of C-cells. By DNA analysis, a pathogenic variant p.Met918Thr, typical for MEN2 B, was detected in the RET gene. No signs of pheochromocytoma were found at the time of investigation. The patient underwent a thyroidectomy with lymphadenectomy. The difficulties of early diagnosis of sporadic cases of MEN 2B due to the nonspecificity of gastrointestinal manifestations of the disease are discussed.
Graphical representation of a real valued function in the interval where it gives imaginary value
Authors: Md. Mizanur Rahman  
Published: January 2024

We are introduced to the graph of a real valued function . But when values of are imaginary numbers at some points of real axis, we have no graphical representation of the function at those points. This article demonstrates a model where we construct a 3D graph of the function at those points where values of the function are imaginary numbers.
Academic Reading in Graduate Students: Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis
Authors: BOYLU Emrah , KARAGÖL Efecan , ÇEVİK Arzu 
Published: January 2024

The aim of the study is to determine the academic reading experiences of graduate students of Turkish education. The study's data is provided in the context of the principles of the Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) method. The information has been collected through depth IMterview with 20 students who have studied postgraduate in Turkish education at different universities and determined by the criterion-sampling approach. The context analysis principles have been used to analyze the data. There is evidence that graduate students favor reading academic articles and theses. The project and evaluation essays have been taken out of this class. Additionally, they searched the findings, discussion, and conclusion parts of academic literature for important information. They used this material by quoting, highlighting, marking, recording, taking notes, and crafting their phrases to represent it. However, it has been shown that students struggle with issues including reading various academic sources, identifying important information, comprehending academic language, and synthesizing data from several sources. In this context, in order for students to have academic reading skills at the graduate level, academic reading courses should be offered at the master's level and advanced academic reading courses should be offered at the doctoral level.
Die Landtage in Polen als Träger der Souveränität im Zeitalter der Oligarchie
Authors: Olszewski Henryk 
Published: January 2024

Altpolen war auch im 17. Jahrhundert kein Kleinstaat. Die „königliche Republik” beider Nationen bildete weiterhin ein großes Staatsgebilde, welches von seiner glorreichen Tradition lebte und stolz auf seine Freiheit wie auch auf sein parlamentarisches System war. Nichtsdestotrotz wurde das Land langsam zu einem Riesen auf tönernen Füßen. Seine Wirtschaft, die gesellschaftlichen Strukturen, politische Verfassung und Kultur wurden von einer tiefen Krise betroffen. Die polnische Politik hatte es immer schwieriger, den Herausforderungen der Gegenwart zu genügen. Seit der Jahrhundertmitte wurde die Ineffizienz der zentralen Staatsinstitutionen deutlich sichtbar. Polen hatte keine Regierung, und der Sejm, welcher ein Forum für den Zusammenstoß wiederstrebender Interessen einzelner Koterien war und dazu noch durch das streng interpretierte Gesetz der Einstimmigkeit gelähmt wurde, hörte auf, gesetzgebende Funktion auszuüben. Das ineffiziente Rechtssystem konnte keine gerechte Verfassung bieten. Unter diesen Umständen richtete sich der Blick der Eliten auf die Landtage, sie wurden Garanten der Existenz des Staates, seiner Integrität, Symbol der Beständigkeit herrschender Ordnung und Synonym altpolnischer Freiheiten, weil gerade diese Freiheiten am vollkommensten den Willen und die Interessen der Magnaten ausdrückten. Die Landtage waren Sicherheitsgaranten für die Leader einzelner Koterien, die an der Erhaltung des Machtgleichgewichts im Staat interessiert waren. Es ging darum, dass Koterien, die nicht stark genug waren, um den Anspruch auf die Macht im Staat zu erheben, wenigstens im Stande sein sollten, die Konkurrenz effektiv zu stören. Damit war die Kontrolle über die Landtage das Fundament der Oligarchieherrschaft in der Adelsrepublik beider Nationen. Die Landtage wurden dadurch einer der Faktoren dieser Herrschaft, indem sie mehrere Vorrechte des Sejms übernahmen, den Willen des Staates versuchten sich anzueignen und damit das Fundament für die territoriale Selbstverwaltung blieben. Wie ist die Herrschaft der Landtage in Polen entstanden? Wie war es möglich, dass die Landtage zu einem der bedeutendsten Träger der Herrschaftsvorrechte im Staat wurden?
Energy-optimal control of adaptive structures
Authors: Schaller Manuel , Zeller Amelie , Böhm Michael , Sawodny Oliver , Tarín Cristina , Worthmann Karl 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Adaptive structures are equipped with sensors and actuators to actively counteract external loads such as wind. This can significantly reduce resource consumption and emissions during the life cycle compared to conventional structures. A common approach for active damping is to derive a port-Hamiltonian model and to employ linear-quadratic control. However, the quadratic control penalization lacks physical interpretation and merely serves as a regularization term. Rather, we propose a controller, which achieves the goal of vibration damping while acting energy-optimal. Leveraging the port-Hamiltonian structure, we show that the optimal control is uniquely determined, even on singular arcs. Further, we prove a stable long-time behavior of optimal trajectories by means of a turnpike property. Last, the proposed controller’s efficiency is evaluated in a numerical study.
Bogomolov’s inequality and Higgs sheaves on normal varieties in positive characteristic
Authors: Langer Adrian 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWe prove Bogomolov’s inequality on a normal projective variety in positive characteristic and we use it to show some new restriction theorems and a new boundedness result. We also redefine Higgs sheaves on normal varieties and we prove restriction theorems and Bogomolov-type inequalities for semistable logarithmic Higgs sheaves on some normal varieties in an arbitrary characteristic.