bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anomalous visual experiences, negative symptoms, perceptual organization and the magnocellular pathway in schizophrenia: a shared construct?
Authors: KÉRI SZABOLCS , KISS IMRE , KELEMEN OGUZ , BENEDEK GYÖRGY , JANKA ZOLTÁN 
Published: June 2005

Background. Schizophrenia is associated with impaired visual information processing. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between anomalous perceptual experiences, positive and negative symptoms, perceptual organization, rapid categorization of natural images and magnocellular (M) and parvocellular (P) visual pathway functioning.Method. Thirty-five unmedicated patients with schizophrenia and 20 matched healthy control volunteers participated. Anomalous perceptual experiences were assessed with the Bonn Scale for the Assessment Basic Symptoms (BSABS). General intellectual functions were evaluated with the revised version of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale. The 1–9 version of the Continuous Performance Test (CPT) was used to investigate sustained attention. The following psychophysical tests were used: detection of Gabor patches with collinear and orthogonal flankers (perceptual organization), categorization of briefly presented natural scenes (rapid visual processing), low-contrast and frequency-doubling vernier threshold (M pathway functioning), isoluminant colour vernier threshold and high spatial frequency discrimination (P pathway functioning).Results. The patients with schizophrenia were impaired on test of perceptual organization, rapid visual processing and M pathway functioning. There was a significant correlation between BSABS scores, negative symptoms, perceptual organization, rapid visual processing and M pathway functioning. Positive symptoms, IQ, CPT and P pathway measures did not correlate with these parameters. The best predictor of the BSABS score was the perceptual organization deficit.Conclusions. These results raise the possibility that multiple facets of visual information processing deficits can be explained by M pathway dysfunctions in schizophrenia, resulting in impaired attentional modulation of perceptual organization and of natural image categorization.
Not all J domains are created equal: Implications for the specificity of Hsp40–Hsp70 interactions
Authors: Hennessy Fritha , Nicoll William S. , Zimmermann Richard , Cheetham Michael E. , Blatch Gregory L. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractHeat shock protein 40s (Hsp40s) and heat shock protein 70s (Hsp70s) form chaperone partnerships that are key components of cellular chaperone networks involved in facilitating the correct folding of a broad range of client proteins. While the Hsp40 family of proteins is highly diverse with multiple forms occurring in any particular cell or compartment, all its members are characterized by a J domain that directs their interaction with a partner Hsp70. Specific Hsp40–Hsp70 chaperone partnerships have been identified that are dedicated to the correct folding of distinct subsets of client proteins. The elucidation of the mechanism by which these specific Hsp40–Hsp70 partnerships are formed will greatly enhance our understanding of the way in which chaperone pathways are integrated into finely regulated protein folding networks. From in silico analyses, domain swapping and rational protein engineering experiments, evidence has accumulated that indicates that J domains contain key specificity determinants. This review will critically discuss the current understanding of the structural features of J domains that determine the specificity of interaction between Hsp40 proteins and their partner Hsp70s. We also propose a model in which the J domain is able to integrate specificity and chaperone activity.
Mononuclear cell subsets in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid duringDictyocaulus viviparusinfection of calves: a potential role for γ/δ TCR‐expressing cells in airway immune responses?
Authors: Hagberg M. , Wattrang E. , Niskanen R. , Tråvén M. , Höglund J. , Lundén A. 
Published: June 2005

SUMMARYMononuclear cell populations in the lungs of calves infected withDictyocaulus viviparuswere studied during primary infection and reinfection in order to identify cells involved in development of protective immunity to parasitic bronchitis. Three groups of calves were either inoculated with 500 third‐stage larvae at both weeks 0 and 10 (n = 6), inoculated only at week 10 (n = 6), or remained uninfected (n = 3). The animals were monitored weekly by collection of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), blood and faeces. Among mononuclear BALF‐cell populations, the γ/δ TCR‐expressing cells showed a pronounced transient increase in proportion as well as in relative cell size 2 weeks post primary infection, whereas CD4‐, CD8‐, Ig‐ and CD14‐expressing cells showed no significant differences related to the infection. The increase in γ/δ TCR‐expressing cells coincided with significantly increased proportions of eosinophils and recovery of adult worms in BALF. After reinfection, γ/δ TCR‐expressing cells increased again, but not until week 3 post inoculation, whereas eosinophils were increased by week 2 and reached higher levels than after primary infection. After reinfection, establishment ofD. viviparuswas less successful than after primary infection. In conclusion, these results indicate a role for γ/δ TCR‐expressing lymphocytes in the pathogenesis ofD. viviparusinfection.
Parasite‐specific IgM plays a significant role in the protective immune response to asexual erythrocytic stage Plasmodium chabaudi AS infection*
Authors: Couper K. N. , Phillips R. S. , Brombacher F. , Alexander J. 
Published: June 2005

SUMMARY A comparison of Plasmodium chabaudi AS infection in BALB/c and BALB/c IgM‐deficient mice demonstrated a protective role for IgM during infection. IgM−/– mice, unlike µMT mice, display competent B cell humoral immune responses. Increased susceptibility of IgM−/– mice was demonstrated by increased mortality, an advanced ascending infection and higher peak parasitaemia, as well as enhanced anaemia and weight loss compared with wild‐type mice. The recrudescent parasitaemias were also higher in the IgM−/– mice. Early specific IgM production in P. chabaudi‐infected wild‐type mice was followed by IgG1 and IgG2a production, while IgG1 and IgG2a production in IgM−/– mice was preceded by specific IgD production. No protective role for natural IgM against P. chabaudi AS infection was detected as passive transfer of naïve WT serum into IgM−/– mice did not alter the disease outcome or reduce parasite numbers. Passive transfer of WT antiserum, containing predominantly specific IgM, into IgM−/– mice delayed the ascending parasitaemia and reduced mortality. Similarly, coating parasitized red blood cells with WT antiserum, but not IgM−/– antisera, prior to infection also slightly delayed the ascending acute parasitaemia. Specific IgM therefore plays an important role in the limitation of parasite replication during asexual erythrocytic P. chabaudi AS infection.
Infants' symbolic comprehension of actions modeled with toy replicas
Authors: Johnson Kathy E. , Younger Barbara A. , Furrer Stephanie D. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractWhile very young children's understanding of objects as symbols for other entities has been the focus of much investigation, very little is known concerning the emergence of comprehension for symbolic relations among actions modeled with toy replicas and their real counterparts. We used videotaped depictions of real actions in a preferential looking task to assess toddlers’ ability to comprehend such connections for action categories aligned with familiar object concepts. Across two experiments, 16‐ and 18‐month‐olds provided no evidence of understanding such relations, even when action categories were highlighted with verbal prompts. Among 24‐ and 26‐month‐olds, comprehension of relations between certain actions modeled with toys and videos of their real‐world counterparts began to emerge, independent of expressive vocabulary size. Implications of our results for theoretical conclusions drawn from use of the generalized imitation procedure to study early conceptual development are discussed.
Motion and color processing in school‐age children and adults: an ERP study
Authors: Coch Donna , Skendzel Wendy , Grossi Giordana , Neville Helen 
Published: June 2005

AbstractStimuli designed to selectively elicit motion or color processing were used in a developmental event‐related potential study with adults and children aged 6, 7 and 8. A positivity at posterior site INZ (P‐INZ) was greater to motion stimuli only in adults. The P1 and N1 were larger to color stimuli in both adults and children, but earlier to motion stimuli only in adults. Finally, the P2 was larger to color stimuli in adults but larger to motion stimuli in children, and earlier to motion stimuli only in children. The findings across components indicate development from middle childhood to adulthood in aspects of both the motion and color processing systems indexed by this paradigm, but are consistent with an hypothesis of a more protracted time course of development for the motion as compared to the color processing system.
Extensive nodular cutaneous amyloidosis: an unusual presentation
Authors: Criado PR , Silva CS , Vasconcellos C , Valente NYS , Maito JB 
Published: June 2005

ABSTRACTAmyloidosis is characterized by the deposition of a group of unrelated proteins leading to changes in tissue architecture and function. The nodular variant is the rarest form of the cutaneous amyloidoses. We report a patient with localized nodular amyloidosis without systemic amyloid involvement or paraproteinaemia after 6 years of follow‐up. The unusual aspects of our case were a plaque presentation rather than nodular, and the disseminated pattern observed.
Impetigo herpetiformis: menstrual exacerbations for 7 years postpartum
Authors: Chaidemenos G , Lefaki I , Tsakiri A , Mourellou O 
Published: June 2005

AbstractImpetigo herpetiformis (IH) is a rare pustular dermatosis that shares striking clinical and histological similarities to generalized pustular psoriasis. The case of a 26‐year‐old primigravida with IH progressing in the 30th week of her pregnancy is presented. The peculiarity of our presentation relies on the reappearance of the disease postpartum. Monthly exacerbations during menstruation lasted for 7 years. Some probable clues regarding the pathogenesis of IH are suggested.
Clinical Subtypes of Cluster Headache and Response to Lithium Therapy
Authors: Mathew Ninan T. 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISBased on clinical features, a group of 31 patients with cluster headache was divided into 1) episodic cluster headache, with months or years of headache free intervals, 2) chronic cluster headache without significant headache free intervals. Chronic type could be subdivided into primary and secondary varieties, secondary being a transformation from episodic cluster headache. A clinical trial of Lithium Carbonate was undertaken. Blood levels of lithium were determined at regular intervals to monitor the therapeutic dosage. Lithium was found to be an effective prophylactic agent in both episodic and chronic cluster headache patients. The percentage of improvement based on headache index was as follows: 55% of patients had more than 90% improvement; 10% of patients showed 60–90% improvement; 15% of patients showed 25–60% improvement; and 20% no improvement. Effectiveness of lithium was evident in less than a week after the initiation of treatment in those who responded. 55% of patients showed mild side effects such as tremor, nausea, diarrhea, abdominal discomfort and lethargy. Only one patient had serious side effects which needed discontinuation of therapy.The beneficial effect of lithium on cluster headaches appear to be independent of its anti‐depressant action. Mechanism of action of lithium in cluster headache is not clear.
A Comparative Trial of Ergotamine Tartrate, Acetyl Salicylic Acid and a Dextropropoxyphene Compound in Acute Migraine Attacks
Authors: Hakkarainen Heikki , Gustafsson Bengt , Stockman Olof 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISThe effect of a dextropropoxyphene compound (Doleron(r)) was compared with that of ergotamine tartrate and acetyl salicylic acid on 525 acute migraine attacks in a double blind study of 25 adult female patients. Ergotamine and the dextropropoxyphene compound were approximately equally effective and significantly superior to acetyl salicylic acid in preventing the attacks entirely. In the cases in which the attack was only partially prevented, the dextropropoxyphene compound was more effective than ergotamine and acetyl salicylic acid in making the attacks milder and shorter. Side effects, especially gastrointestinal symptoms and fatigue, were less common with the dextropropoxyphene compound than from either of the two drugs. Probably for this reason, the patients' overall preference was clearly in favor of the dextropropoxyphene compound. The addition of dextropropoxyphene, a centrally active analgesic, to acetyl salicylic acid, gives an antimigraine compound which has an efficacy comparable with ergotamine but with less side effects.
Pediatric Headaches: A One Year Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Jay Gary W. , Tomasi Lawrence G. 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISEpidemiologically, headaches are common in children. In order to ascertain the type of headache problems that result in a referral by pediatricians to a pediatric neurology clinic, the charts were reviewed of all patients evaluated in 1978 with the diagnosis of headache.A chief complaint of headache was given in 116 (22%) of all new patients evaluated. Final diagnostic groups were migraine headaches or variants (47%), tension headaches (28%), seizure equivalent (15%) and miscellaneous (10%). Almost two thirds of the patients were female. The mean ages of the seizure equivalent group and the tension headache group were similar, 9.3 and 9.5 years respectively. The migraine group was older with a mean age of 9.8 years. Of the 54 patients with migraine headaches, 78% were characterized as common migraine. This evaluation of the migraine patients differed from that of patients considered to have seizure equivalents on the basis of family history (63% vs 12%), abnormalities noted on neurological examination (7% vs 24%) and EEG abnormalities (20% vs 84%). Abnormalities in the tension headache group were less than 10% in all three categories evaluated.Although some overlaps exist, these data suggest a bimodel curve with migraine headaches and recurrent seizures at the extreme ends of the spectrum rather than a single entity with varying manifestations. Historically, the family history is the most distinguishing characteristic, but abnormalities on neurological evaluation, especially the EEG, were considered more significant factors in arriving at a diagnosis.
L‐Dopa Effect on Prolactin Plasma Levels in Complicated and Common Migrainous Patients
Authors: Vardi J. , Flechter S. , Ayalon D. , Cordova T. , Oberman Z. 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISDopamine is known as an inhibitor of Prolactin (PRL) secretion; Prostaglandin F 2a is known as a stimulatorof its production. These effects probably occur at the hypophisis. Prostaglandins are thought to be involved inthe mechanism of migraine attacks. Prolactin response (as plasma levels) to L‐dope inhibitory test wasmeasured in migrainous patients. Two different Prolactin curves were obtained during the migrainous attacks,according to the type of the migraine, common and complicated.It was found that during an attack of a common migraine, Prolactin plasma levels were reduced in responseto L‐dope loading test, while during an attack of complicated migraine a hyperprolactinemic curve wasobtained.The significant difference elaborated statistically, can not be explained by one single factor, like serotonin,which is supposed to be involved in the mechanism of both types of migraine; therefore we have to assumethat another factor associated with Prolactin secretion is specifically connected to complicated type ofmigraine. It is suggested that the hyperprolactinemic responses may indicate an interaction between L‐dopaand Prostaglandin F 2a , and should be considered as an indirect evidence that Prostaglandin F 2a is involved inthe mechanism of the complicated migraine attacks, but not in common migraine.
The Value of Biofeedback in the Treatment of Chronic Headache: a Four‐year Retrospective Study
Authors: Diamond Seymour , Montrose David 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISA four‐year retrospective study was completed with 693 headache patients who had completed a specific biofeedback training program. Patients 18 years of age and over were also given a Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory to determine psychopathology, depression and anxiety levels, difficulty to motivate, and dependency. The purpose was to examine the long‐term effects of biofeedback training on headache problems. Patients seen between January 1977 and December 1980, ages 6 through 72, with migraine, muscle contraction, mixed migraine and muscle contraction, and cluster headache were mailed an invisibly‐coded 20‐item questionnaire.The effect of such variables as age at time of training, sex, headache diagnosis, elapsed time since training, periodic follow‐up (number of sessions), temperature training with instrumentation reinforcement and relaxation homework, the warm, supportive clinician/therapist relationship with positive expectations for the patient's success, and personality and psychological factors are predictive of success in the application of biofeedback to headache is discussed.
Migraine as an Etiology of Stroke in Young Adults
Authors: Spaccavento Leo J. , Solomon Glen D. 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISA retrospective study of strokes due to ischemic cerebrovascular disease in young adults was undertaken, and the incidence of migraine as an etiologic factor was studied. Within the last five years, fifteen patients between the ages of twenty and forty were admitted to the USAF Medical Center Wright‐Patterson with the diagnosis of stroke due to ischemic cerebrovascular disease. These patients underwent extensive evaluations including CT scan and/or cerebral angiography. In four patients (27%), there was a previously documented history of classic migraine. Three patients experienced migraine attacks at the time of their stroke. The fourth had an antecedent history of classic migraine with basilar artery migraine symptoms, and suffered a lateral medullary syndrome. The remaining data are as follows: 3 patients (20%) had valvular heart disease, 1 patient had sickle cell anemia, 1 patient had a dural sinus thrombosis following infection and 6 patients (40%) had no discernible etiology. We conclude that migraine may represent a more common etiology of stroke in young adults than has been previously recognized.
Plasma Cyclic Nucleotide Responses to Methacholine and Epinephrine in Patients With Migraine
Authors: Okada Fumihiko , Miyagishi Tsutomu , Honma Miyuki , Ui Michio 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISThe purpose of the present study is to show anomalies of the plasma cyclic nucleotide responses of patients with migraine to intramuscular injections of methacholine (80 μg/kg body wt) and epinephrine (0.4 mg/person). The methacholine‐ or epinephrine‐induced increases in plasma cyclic GMP were much larger in patients with migraine than in controls. In the case of methacholine injection, there was also a small but significant rise of plasma cyclic AMP in patients with migraine, while no change was observed in controls. On the other hand, there was no significant difference in the epinephrine‐induced increase in plasma cyclic AMP between patients with migraine and controls. From these findings it may be assumed that cholinergic or a‐adrenergic receptor responses are enhanced in patients with migraine.
Efficacy of Meclofenamate Sodium versus Placebo in Headache and Craniofacial Pain
Authors: Mongini F. , Bona G. , Garnero M. , Gloria A. 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISTwenty patients were enrolled in a double‐blind, placebo‐controlled crossover study of meclofenomate sodium in headache and craniofacial pain. There were four observation periods of 15 days each: Period I was a wash‐out period. In period 2, subjects were randomly assigned to a 15‐day regimen of taking two capsules a day of 100mg meclofenamate sodium (group 1) or placebo (group 2). In period 3, group I was switched to placebo and group 2 to meclofenamate sodium for the next 15 days. Lastly, the patients took no medication for a further 15 days (period 4). A thermographic record of the craniofacial and neck areas was taken at the end of periods 1 and 4. A record of the pressure threshold and tissue compliance at different sites of the craniofacial, neck and shoulder areas was taken at the end of each period. During the trial, number and duration of painful events were recorded daily by the patients, and the level of pain evaluated on a visual analog scale. Mean data were analyzed for significant difference by ANOVA and paired t‐test. During the meclofenamate sodium period, there was a significant decrease of days with painful events compared to the wash‐out period in group I and compared to the placebo period in group 2. In the majority of patients, the meclofenamate sodium period scored lowest or second‐lowest after the follow‐up period in mean pain intensity. Data for pressure threshold, although not significant, were indicative of a possible increase during and after intake of meclofenamate sodium. An improvement of thermal symmetry was recorded at the second thermogram in a majority of patients. It is concluded that meclofenamate sodium showed a consistent analgesic effect in our patients, compared to the placebo.
Autonomic Function Testing in Patients with Tension‐Type Headache
Authors: Pogacnik Tomaz , Sega Sasa , Mesec Anton , Kiauta Tomaz 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISAutonomic nervous system function was studied in 51 patients with tension‐type headache. The Valsalva manoeuvre, deep breathing test, sustained handgrip test, orthostatic test and spectral analysis of heart rate variability in the supine and standing positions were performed in a group of 51 patients of both sexes aged 21 to 50 years and in an age‐matched control group of 45 healthy volunteers.Diastolic blood pressure increase and particularly heart rate increase during sustained handgrip were significantly reduced in the headache group, when compared to the control group, while the results of the remaining tests did not significantly differ between the control and headache groups. No significant differences were found between the episodic (19 patients) and chronic (32 patients) tension‐type headache subgroups.It is concluded that sympathetic function is impaired in tension‐type headache patients.
Relation Between Headaches and Neuropsychological Functioning Among Head Injury Patients
Authors: Tsushima William T. , Tsushima Vincent G. 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISThe Luria‐Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery (LNNB) and the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) were administered to 184 head injury patients with varying degrees of headache activity. A multiple regression analysis, controlling for neurological status, compared the 11 LNNB scores ofpatients with Daily Headache, Frequent Headaches, Infrequent Headaches, and No Headaches and foundthat the Arithmetic Scale was the only significant predictor, with the Daily Headache patients performing more poorly than the Infrequent Headache patients. A similar analysis of the 13 MMPI scores indicated that the K, He, and Pt Scales were significant predictors. However, post hoc Tukey tests revealed that K and Pt scores did not vary significantly among the four headache groups and only showed that Daily Headaches and Frequent Headaches patients had significantly higher Hs scores than the No headaches group. Subsequent comparisons of patients with and without headaches at the time of testing revealed no differences between the two groups on the LNNB and MMPI, after controlling for age, duration of symptoms, and neurological status. Overall, the results suggested that the relation between headache symptoms and neuropsychological functioning was insignificant.