bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exercise delayed cognitive decline in Chinese seniors: a new causal inference method for ordered multi-categorical exposures
Authors: Han Lizhen , Zeng Yi , Huang Tao , Jia Jinzhu 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
The cognitive problems are prominent in the context of global aging, and the traditional Mendelian randomization method is not applicable to ordered multi-categorical exposures. Therefore, we aimed to address this issue through the development of a new method and to investigate the causal inference of cognitive-related lifestyle factors.
Method
The study sample was derived from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS), which included 897 seniors aged 65+. This study used genome-wide association analysis to screen genetic loci as instrumental variables and innovatively combined maximum likelihood estimation to infer causal associations between ordered multi-categorical exposures (diet, exercise, etc.) and continuous outcomes (cognitive level).
Results
The new causal inference method for ordered multi-categorical exposures developed in this study was simple, easy to implement, and able to effectively and reliably discover the potential causal associations between variables. Through this method, we found a potential positive causal association between exercise status and cognitive level in Chinese seniors ( = 1.883, 95%CI: 0.260–3.564), in which there was no horizontal pleiotropy (p = 0.370).
Conclusion
The study provided a new causal inference method applicable to ordered multi-categorical exposures, that addressed the limitations of the traditional Mendelian randomization method.
Overexpression of foxtail millet (Setaria italica) amino acid permease 9 ( SiAAP9 ) inhibits the growth in transgenic Arabidopsis
Authors: Meng Ru , Li Zhi-Peng , Kang Xue-Ting , Zhang Yu-Jia , Wang Yi-Ru , Ma Yu-Chao , Wu Yan-Feng , Dong Shu-Qi , Li Xiao-Rui , Gao Lulu , Chu Xiao-Qian , Yang Guang-Hui , Yuan Xiang-Yang , Wang Jia-Gang 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Amino acid permeases (AAPs) transporters play a vital role in facilitating the long-distance transportation of amino acids from the source to the sink in plants. Numerous studies have been conducted on Arabidopsis and rice, while the research on foxtail millet remains relatively scarce. In this study, we discovered that SiAAP9 exhibits two transcripts. The expression patterns of the two transcripts of SiAAP9 were generally consistent and both transcripts were induced by NO3-. Overexpression of SiAAP9L and SiAAP9S in Arabidopsis inhibited plant growth and seed size, however, SiAAP9 can transport more amino acids into seeds. Moreover, the tolerance of WT and SiAAP9-OX transgenic Arabidopsis to amino acids demonstrated that SiAAP9-OX transgenic Arabidopsis lines exhibit tolerance to high concentrations of glutamate (Glu) and histidine (His). The high expression level of SiAAP9 makes its encoded protein not only localized on the plasma membrane, but also possibly localized on various organelles. Additionally, we also observed that sequence deletion weakened the sensitivity of SiAAP9 to Brefeldin A (BFA) and SiAAP9 has ectopic localization on endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Protoplast amino acid uptake experiments indicated that SiAAP9 is capable of facilitating increased transport of Glu into foxtail millet cells. Taken together, the functions of two SiAAP9 transcripts are largely functional similar, but the degree of colocalization of SiAAP9L and BFA compartment is significantly higher than that of SiAAP9S. Our research may provide a candidate gene to improve foxtail millet nutritional quality in breeding.
Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles from Hibiscus Syriacus Plant Species Extract and Identifying their Antioxidant, Antimicrobial and Photocatalytic Activity
Authors: Rashed Zakarya , Gurunlu Betul 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Hibiscus Syriacus is a plant species that is rich in phytochemicals according to various reports and has seen utilization in many forms of medicine, especially eastern traditional medicine. It displays “pharmacological effects and related properties like anti-aging, anticancer, anti-depressant, anti-fungal, anti-melanogenic, anti-oxidant, cytoprotective effects. In this study, we build a green and facile method for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles from Hibiscus Syriacus plant. The presence of silver nanoparticles were proved by UV-vis and FT-IR. Anti-oxidant properties of silver nanoparticles were identified by Folin-Ciocalteu assay. Antibacterial capabilites of silvernanoparticles were proved on E.coli and S.aureus cultures via Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and agar well diffusion methods. Photocatalytic degradation activity of silver nanoparticles were tested on methylene blue, methyl red and methyl orange dyes.
Synthesis and evaluation of fluorine-18 labelled tetrazines as pre-targeting imaging agents for PET
Authors: Schlein Eva , Rokka Johanna , Odell Luke R. , Broek Sara Lopes van den , Herth Matthias M. , Battisti Umberto M. , Syvänen Stina , Sehlin Dag , Eriksson Jonas 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
The brain is a challenging target for antibody-based positron emission tomography (immunoPET) imaging due to the restricted access of antibody-based ligands through the blood-brain barrier (BBB). To overcome this physiological obstacle, we have previously developed bispecific antibody ligands that pass through the BBB via receptor-mediated transcytosis. While these radiolabelled ligands have high affinity and specificity, their long residence time in the blood and brain, typical for large molecules, poses another challenge for PET imaging. A viable solution could be a two-step pre-targeting approach which involves the administration of a tagged antibody that accumulates at the target site in the brain and then clears from the blood, followed by administration of a small radiolabelled molecule with fast kinetics. This radiolabelled molecule can couple to the tagged antibody and thereby make the antibody localisation visible by PET imaging. The in vivo linkage can be achieved by using the inverse electron demand Diels-Alder reaction (IEDDA), with trans-cyclooctene (TCO) and tetrazine groups participating as reactants. In this study, two novel 18F-labelled tetrazines were synthesized and evaluated for their potential use as pre-targeting imaging agents, i.e., for their ability to rapidly enter the brain and, if unbound, to be efficiently cleared with minimal background retention.
Results
The two compounds, a methyl tetrazine [18F]MeTz and an H-tetrazine [18F]HTz were radiolabelled using a two-step procedure via [18F]F-Py-TFP synthesized on solid support followed by amidation with amine-bearing tetrazines, resulting in radiochemical yields of 24% and 22%, respectively, and a radiochemical purity of > 96%. In vivo PET imaging was performed to assess their suitability for in vivo pre-targeting. Time-activity curves from PET-scans showed [18F]MeTz to be the more pharmacokinetically suitable agent, given its fast and homogenous distribution in the brain and rapid clearance. However, in terms of rection kinetics, H-tetrazines are advantageous, exhibiting faster reaction rates in IEDDA reactions with dienophiles like trans-cyclooctenes, making [18F]HTz potentially more beneficial for pre-targeting applications.
Conclusion
This study demonstrates a significant potential of [18F]MeTz and [18F]HTz as agents for pre-targeted PET brain imaging due to their efficient brain uptake, swift clearance and appropriate chemical stability.
Determinants of primary care physicians’ intention to provide Breast cancer screening services for rural women: a structural equation model based on the theory of planned behavior
Authors: Hu Zhiqing , Zhang Huiying , Wang Yiping , Sun Yanjun , Meng Rui , Shen Ke , Xu Kai , He Yuan 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background Breast cancer has been a serious health problem all around the world. Early detection is undoubtedly effective in combating severe public health problems in developing countries. Meanwhile, primary care physicians play an important role in implementation of screening programs. The objective of our study was to evaluate the determinates of the primary care physicians’ intention to provide the Breast cancer screening services ( BCSs ) for rural women.Methods We conducted a cross-sectional survey in 24 towns in Jiangsu. In total, 1,101 primary care physicians entered and completed the study. The data collection tool was developed based on the theory of planned behaviour (i.e., attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control) and extended components (i.e., knowledge about breast cancer screening services (BCSs), and past providing-BCSs behavior.Results The results of our study showed that subjective norms (β = 0.352, p < 0.001) had the greatest influence on primary care physicians’ intention to engage in breast cancer screening, followed by attitudes and perceived behavioural control. Both screening knowledge and past screening provision behavior had an indirect effect on behavioural intentions.Conclusions The present study demonstrated that extended TPB appears to be an efficient model in explaining primary care physicians' intention to engage in Breast cancer screening program. Meanwhile, our findings provide a reference for governments, hospitals and policies aiming to increasing primary care physicians’ intention to provide rural women with BCSs.
Effect of grinding liberation on recovery of silicon from MG-Si waste slag by flotation
Authors: Tan Ning , Han Shifeng , Wei Kuixian , Wu Dandan , Ma Wenhui 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Metallurgical-grade silicon-refined waste slag (MGSRS) was produced during the MG-Si refining production process, which occupies huge amounts of land resources, caused the loss of nearly 110,000 tons of MG-Si every year. Though, it is of great significance to recover the elemental silicon in MGSRS. However, because silicon is tightly wrapped by slag and difficult to separate, resulting in the difficulty of silicon recovery. In this study, silicon recovery powders were obtained through the process of grinding liberation and flotation separation. The effect of grinding time on the liberation of MGSRS and the flotation recovery of silicon was studied. The liberation mechanism of MGSRS was further discussed. The results showed that the liberation degree of silicon particles was 79.45% (grinding for 15 min), which was 7.94% higher than that of silicon particles after 5 min grinding time, and 77.15% of the silicon particles were fully liberated. The flotation recovery of silicon can increase from 10.5–78.7% with the appropriate collector. Mechanism study shows that during the grinding process, silicon was separated along the (111) surface, and Ca2Al2SiO7 had the largest amount of liberation along the (211) plane. More unsaturated sites of aluminum and calcium ions were observed on the silicate surface, which were favorable for adsorption with the reagent and beneficial to the silicon recovery. These results indicated that the silicon and slag of MGSRS can be sufficiently separated through grinding and flotation, and the purity of recovered silicon is about 70%. The silicon resources in MGSRS were recovered economically and could be used as the raw materials for the preparation of silicon alloy and high purity silicon.
Multi-Stain Multi-Level Convolutional Network for Multi-Tissue breast cancer image segmentation
Authors: Mishra Purnendu , Modi Akash , Jha Sumit , Kumar Rajiv , Aatre Kiran , Singh Gursewak , Mathur Shubham 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Digital pathology and microscopy image analysis are widely employed in the segmentation of digitally scanned IHC slides, primarily to identify cancer and pinpoint regions of interest (ROI) indicative of tumor presence. However, current ROI segmentation models are either stain specific or suffer from the issues of stain and scanner variance due to different staining protocols or modalities across multiple labs. Also, tissues like Ductal Carcinoma in Situ (DCIS), ACINIs etc. are often classified as Tumors due to their structural similarities and color compositions. In this paper, we proposed a novel convolutional neural network (CNN) based Multi-class Tissue Segmentation model for histopathology whole-slide Breast slides which classifies tumor and segments other tissue regions such as Ducts, ACINIs, DCIS, Squamous epithelium, Blood Vessels, Necrosis etc. as separate class. Our unique pixel aligned non-linear merge across spatial resolutions, empowers models with both local and global field of view for accurate detection of various classes. Our proposed model is also able separate bad regions such as folds, artifacts, blurry regions, bubbles etc. from tissue regions using multi-level context from different resolutions of WSI. Multi-phase iterative training with context aware augmentation and increasing noise was used to efficiently train multi-stain generic model with partial and noisy annotations from 513 slides. Our training pipeline used 12 million patches generated using context aware augmentations which made our model stain & scanner invariant across data sources. We have achieved an Area Under curve (AUC) of 0.85 for tumor and 0.93 for other class on 35000 test patches distributed across stains, scanners and data sources. To extrapolate stain & scanner invariance, our model was evaluated on 23000 patches which were for a completely new stain (Hematoxylin and Eosin) from a completely new scanner (Motic) from a different lab. The mean IOU was 0.72 which is on par with model performance on other data sources and scanners. Our results illustrate that the proposed model exhibits remarkable accuracy with consistent performance and broad utility especially in facilitating pathologists’ assessment of breast cancer.
Association between Cooking Fuels and Hypertension among Women at Reproductive Age in Bangladesh: A Nationally Representative Population Dataset from the BDHS 2017-2018
Authors: Bishwas Md. Sajan , Alin Sayma Islam , Ashor Mokhtar , Paul Sneha , Chowdhury Devjani 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background: Air pollution, a critical environmental issue, encompasses various pollutants from several sources, including household fuel combustion. This study aimed to explore the association between cooking fuel types and hypertension among Bangladeshi women, using data from the Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS 2017–18). The study focuses on the high prevalence of solid fuel use (e.g., wood, animal dung) for cooking in Bangladeshi households and its potential impact on women’s health, particularly hypertension.
Methods: The BDHS data encompassed 5,219 women, with a stratified cluster sampling method used to ensure nationwide representation. The analysis included blood pressure measurements, categorizing participants into normal and hypertensive groups, and identifying cooking fuel type as the primary exposure variable. Covariates such as age, education, residence, body mass index (BMI), household size, wealth index, and stove location were considered in the multivariate model.
Results: Age, urban residency, education, wealth, obesity, and cooking fuel use all influence high blood pressure in various ways. Older individuals show a higher prevalence of high blood pressure. Obesity is a significant factor, with obese individuals having more than four times the odds of developing hypertension. The use of solid fuels for cooking is linked to a 13% higher likelihood of hypertension among women of reproductive age. More specifically, using solid fuel for cooking is associated with a 60% higher risk of elevated systolic blood pressure (OR 1.60, 95% CI: 1.21-2.12) and a 70% higher risk of elevated diastolic blood pressure (OR 1.70, 95% CI: 1.30-2.00).
Conclusion: The study underscores the health implications of household air pollution in Bangladesh, particularly for women exposed to solid cooking fuels. It highlights the need for public health interventions and policy shifts towards cleaner cooking technologies, especially in low- and middle-income countries. Despite its strengths, including a nationally representative sample and robust statistical analysis, the cross-sectional design limits the ability to infer causality. Future longitudinal studies are necessary to understand the temporal dynamics of cooking fuel use and hypertension. This research is crucial for global health, given the rising prevalence of hypertension and the extensive use of solid fuels in similar socioeconomic contexts.
Predicting Multiple Outcomes Associated with Frailty based on Imbalanced Multi-label Classification
Authors: Tarekegn Adane Nega , Michalak Krzysztof , Costa Giuseppe , Ricceri Fulvio , Giacobini Mario 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Frailty syndrome is prevalent among the elderly, often linked to chronic diseases and resulting in various adverse health outcomes. Existing research has predominantly focused on predicting individual frailty-related outcomes. However, this paper takes a novel approach by framing frailty as a multi-label learning problem, aiming to predict multiple adverse outcomes simultaneously. In the context of multi-label classification, dealing with imbalanced label distribution poses inherent challenges to multi-label prediction. To address this issue, our study proposes a hybrid resampling approach tailored for handling imbalance problems in the multi-label scenario. The proposed resampling technique and prediction tasks were applied to a high-dimensional real-life medical dataset comprising individuals aged 65 years and above. Several multi-label algorithms were employed in the experiment, and their performance was evaluated using multi-label metrics. The results obtained through our proposed approach revealed that the best-performing prediction model achieved an average precision score of 83%. These findings underscore the effectiveness of our method in predicting multiple frailty outcomes from a complex and imbalanced multi-label dataset.
Development and Psychometric Assessment of the Measure of the Barriers to Discussing Sexual Wellbeing Among Arab Australian with Chronic Disease
Authors: alananzeh Ibrahim , Alomari Albara , Lord Heidi , Fernandez Ritin 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Addressing sexual health is an essential component of health care. However, patients are reluctant to broach this topic with their health care providers. Moreover, there is no instrument available to assess the barriers relating to discussing sexual issues among patients with chronic diseases. This article describes the development and psychometric assessment of an instrument intended to measure the barriers to discussing sexual wellbeing among Arab Australians with chronic disease. Through a comprehensive literature review and in consultation with key experts, barriers relating to discussing sexual issues were identified and the Information for Sexual Wellbeing Tool (IBaRIT) was developed and completed by 84 participants. Psychometric analysis supports the use of the IBaRIT as a valid and reliable instrument for understanding the barriers to discussing sexual wellbeing among Arab Australians with chronic disease and developing the needed interventions.
Revolutionizing Breast Cancer Treatment: Unveiling the Effectiveness and Safety of Trastuzumab Deruxtecan through a Comprehensive Meta-Analysis
Authors: Qin Jiqiu , Sun Sheng , Ma Hong , Ding Peng , Yang Qin , Hu Lilai , Wu Deliu , Xiong Shaoquan 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Objective
Targeting HER2 has significantly improved Overall Survival (OS) for breast cancer (BC) patients. Trastuzumab, a pivotal first-line BC drug, has transformed patient outcomes, and the introduction of trastuzumab deruxtecan (T-DXd) has provided an additional source of hope for patients with BC. The aim of this meta-analysis is to comprehensively appraise the clinical effectiveness and safety aspects of T-DXd in patients with BC.
Methods
Electronic databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane Library, were methodically searched until April 6, 2023. Data analysis was performed using Stata 15.0.
Result
In total, 12 studies were encompassed, consisting of 3 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) providing data and 9 single-arm studies. In the RCTs, T-DXd were shown to OS[ES = 0.62, 95%CI (0.52,0.75); P = 0.826]、PFS[ES = 0.36, 95%CI (0.25,0.51); P = 0.003]、ORR[RR = 2.46,95%CI(2.18,2.78); P = 0.166], compared with Control group, in patients assigned to T-DXd show better outcomes. For single-arm studies, after T-DXd therapy, patients with breast cancer achieved an ORR[ES = 0.57, 95%CI (0.50–0.64)], DCR[ES = 0.94, 95%CI (0.91–0.97)].
Conclusion
T-DXd exhibits promising application prospects for breast cancer patients. However, further clinical trials and foundational research are imperative to robustly substantiate our findings.
Pattern of Cardiac Diseases and Co-Existing Comorbidity Among Newly Registered Adult Cardiac Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study at Jimma University Medical Center, Jimma, Southwest Ethiopia
Authors: Asefa Elsah Tegene , Jiru Gurmessa Shugute , Fedlu Hikma , Woyimo Tamirat Godebo , fogi Mohammed Mecha Aba 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Introduction
Over the past decades cardiovascular diseases have emerged as the single most important cause of death and high economic burden worldwide. Low income and middle-income countries are seeing an alarming rise in cardiovascular disease. Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) countries are facing an epidemiological shift from infectious disease to non-communicable diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), diabetes, and obesity. More than 1 million deaths were attributable to CVD in sub-Saharan Africa, which constituted 5.4% of all global CVD-related deaths and 13% of all deaths in Africa. The pattern of cardiac diseases is dynamic, so this study aimed to assess the pattern of cardiac diseases among newly registered adult cardiac patients who were on follow-up at Jimma University medical center.
Methods
A cross sectional study was conducted to assess pattern of cardiac disease among newly registered cardiac patients who were on follow-up at cardiac clinic of Jimma Medical Center from September 2020 to September 2022. Patients were selected from their clinical records by using systematic sampling technique. The collected data were entered into EPI data and analyzed using SPSS (version 26.0).
Results
A total of 207 patients were studied, 110(53.1%) were males. Ischemic heart disease was the leading cardiac disease 74(35.7%) followed by rheumatic heart diseases 58(28%). Most of the patients, 164(79.2%) were from urban areas, and the most common valvular lesion identified was combined mitral regurgitation and mitral stenosis (MR + MS), 23 (39.6%). Hypertension was the most common comorbidity,44(21.3%).