bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inclusive Education in Private Pre-Primary Schools in Lilongwe Urban City, Malawi: A Case Study
Authors: Banda Louis Kachilanga 
Published: November 2023

The focus of this article is to examine the implementation of inclusive education in private pre-schools in the urban setting of Lilongwe city in Malawi. Both qualitative and quantitative approaches were used to explore the implementation of inclusive education based on Bronfenbrenner’s social ecological theory. In-depth, interviews and an observation checklist were used to collect data from a purposively selected sample of 31 selected schools. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected using a 5-point Likert scale questionnaire from a sample of 25 private preschool teachers, and 6 educational administrators from 31 selected schools. Among the results of the study, include that most private pre-schools do not understand the need for implementation of inclusive education and therefore do not implement inclusive education in the schools at all. Very few schools include students with special needs in their schools denying some learners who have disabilities a chance to access education. Coupled with a lack of a consistence, and harmonized curriculum, several private pre-schools do not take the initiative to include special needs interventions in their schools. Further, most schools have no suitable infrastructure to enable the implementation of students with special needs in their school environments. Most current pre-primary schools do not have specially designed learning structures but rather use residential homes that have now been turned into schools. While private schools are meant to complement the government's efforts and contribute toward the goals of education in Malawi, most private schools have emphasized the business model, rendering schools to ignore some of the educational outcomes for the nation. Finally, but not least among the factors, another critical common characteristic among private pre-schools is the lack of clear application of policies in place to ensure the implementation of inclusive education.
The study recommends that there is a need to step up efforts to be invest in both human and non-human resource in private preschools to ensure that inclusive education becomes a reality and that there is a propensity to contribute to the goals of education in Malawi. When properly implemented, Inclusive education has myriad benefits to the child and the nation at large. The responsibility to implement inclusive education rests in every bonafide citizen of a nation. It is the responsibility of everyone to ensure that the schools integrate inclusive education into their school activities.
Prospects for the Characterization of the Fundamental Parameters Linked to the Energy Spectrum of the Aeolian Sea State in Benin Coastal Zone
Authors: Tokpohozin Bernard N. , Chidikofan Djonoumawou M. G. F. , Kpomahou Fernando Y. J. , Akowanou Christian D. , Houékpohéha Mathias A. , Hounguè Guy H. , Kounouhéwa Basile B. 
Published: November 2023

The Beninese coast, like most coastal regions, is subject to various hydrodynamic factors that are likely to be modified by climate change. On the coast, the coasts are constantly subject to the action of waves, currents and wind. This work, carried out near the port of Cotonou, aims to provide representative statistics on the direction of the fundamental parameters of the wind seas, their height in the area close to the coast, where the swell is not yet subject to the action of the funds. Based on in situ data measurements with mooring systems at tide gauge - meteorological stations during the hydrodynamic measurement campaign and carried out at 10-minute time steps, on a regular basis over a period of four consecutive years by NORTECKMED in collaboration with the Millenium Challenge Account (MCA-Benin) within the framework of the extension of the Autonomous Port of Cotonou, the statistical distribution of the characteristic parameters of the waves (height, direction of propagation and period) is elaborated. Thus, the significant height Hs , the peak period or the stable average wave period Tp ≈ Tms and the most frequent direction of propagation Dp are evaluated. A frequency characterization of the period Tc , the wavelength Lc and the height Hc of short swells, generated by local winds, is obtained using the Pierson-Moskowitz frequency spectrum. In short, the four years of data made it possible to carry out statistical production and simulations of wind, tide and wave data in order to determine the significant heights Hs , the peak period Tp, the linear energy power available and the link between Hs and Tp according to the Beaufort scales. Likewise, we made a characterization of short swells (wind seas) based on the value of the local wind speed, the Pierson-Moskowitz frequency spectrum and a representation of the wave propagation directions.
Porous Conductive Hybrid Composite with Superior Pressure Sensitivity and Dynamic Range
Authors: Stevens Michael , Yun Guolin , Hasan Tawfique 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPorous conductive composites hold immense promise in flexible sensors and soft robotics due to their pressure‐responsive electrical conductivity. Unlike non‐porous composites whose pressure sensitivity is limited by relatively high elastic modulus, porous materials show improved pressure sensitivity owing to their lower stiffness. Despite this, existing porous composites still suffer from insufficient pressure sensitivity or narrow detection ranges, severely restricting their applications. This work presents a liquid metal hybrid filler porous composite to address these issues. Through experiment and simulation optimization, the composite exhibits a conductivity increase of five order‐of‐magnitude over 0–250 kPa, demonstrating a 900% higher pressure sensitivity than the best non‐porous counterpart in this work. The composite maintains a highly linear response (R2 of 0.999) over an exceptionally wide dynamic range up to 8.9 MPa, with a pressure sensitivity of 8.1 MPa–1, surpassing the state‐of‐the‐art in both pressure range and sensitivity. A proof‐of‐concept pressure sensor array further demonstrates the composite's excellent sensing performance, showing stable response under 100‐cycle loading with a measured pressure deviation of only 1.4%, outperforming existing commercial pressure sensors in terms of sensitivity, detection range and cyclic stability. The porous material design strategy opens doors for high sensitivity pressure sensors in wearable devices, flexible electronics, and soft robotics.
Ultrathin Film Hydrogels with Controlled Swelling and Viscoelastic Properties Deposited by Nanosecond Pulsed Plasma Induced‐Polymerization
Authors: Sans Jordi , Azevedo Gonçalves Ingrid , Quintana Robert 
Published: November 2023

AbstractDevelopment of ultrathin film (utf) hydrogels for cutting‐edge biomedical applications (i.e. artificial skins) is receiving increasing attention. Nonetheless, achieving accurate control on the structure and thickness of utf‐hydrogels becomes extremely complex when assessed through conventional techniques. In this work, an atmospheric‐pressure plasma‐assisted deposition technique is reported, showing great thickness accuracy and versatility, to design utf‐hydrogels with customized properties. For the first time, specific and independent control on the generation and nature of cross‐links by only changing the plasma exposure frequency (fPE) during the synthesis process are reported. Thus, utf‐hydrogels are successfully prepared with tuned swelling ratios and viscoelastic properties (ranging from 150 to 20 kPa). Moreover, a thickness accuracy of 9 nm is reported, permitting the accurate synthesis of utf‐hydrogels below 150 nm. Exhaustive structural and topographical analyses allow elucidating the effects of the fPE on the cross‐link generation mechanism, discarding any undesired effect on the thickness accuracy. To support the structural results obtained, quartz‐crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM‐D) coupled with spectroscopic ellipsometry are put in the spotlight as an efficient and viable alternative for the characterization of the resulting properties of ultrathin film soft materials, including the presence of a hydrated layer at the interface.
Regulating thermal dynamics and gas transport of metal‐oraganic framework glass through silver composites
Authors: Zulkifli Muhammad Yazid Bin , Chen Ruiqi , Lin Rijia , Yao Yuqi , Chai Milton , Appadoo Dominique , Wang Wupeng , Zhu Zhonghua , Liang Kang , Chen Vicki , Hou Jingwei 
Published: November 2023

AbstractMetal–organic framework (MOF) glass is a versatile and processible material that retains its porous nature while transitioning between liquid and solid states. Incorporating composites into MOF glass can enhance its functionalities, but the effect of the added material on the solid–liquid phase transition of MOF glass remains understudied. This research explores the impact of silver ions on the properties of ZIF‐62 glass, revealing their influence on phase conversion at varying ligand concentrations. The presence of silver enhances gas separation processes, particularly improving CO2 and hydrocarbon separation selectivity compared to pure ZIF‐62 glass. These findings provide valuable insights for composite integration and highlight the potential of AgZIF‐62 glass in gas separation applications. Furthermore, this work paves the way for processing functional AgZIF‐62 glass films, enabling diverse applications such as gas separation, film catalysis, and antimicrobial glass.
Looking back, moving forward: 50 years of the American Journal of Community Psychology
Authors: Allen Nicole E. , Blackburn Allyson M. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe American Journal of Community Psychology (AJCP) was founded in 1973 and has since its inception has been the flagship journal for the Society of Community Research and Action. AJCP publishes leading scholarship in community psychology and social action research. This special issue celebrates the 50 years of scholarship in AJCP by curating and assembling previously published articles in virtual special issues (VSIs) with accompanying commentaries. Nine VSIs were compiled as part of this special issue. Each of these VSIs were organized around themes that are of critical importance to community psychology and each VSI summarizes what has been learned from their included articles and future directions for the field. In this paper, we introduce this special issue on this collection of VSIs, discussing how each of these VSIs endeavor to push the field forward.
Forty‐year trends in fatal occupational injuries in North Carolina
Authors: Richardson David B. , Martin Amelia T. , McClure Elizabeth S. , Nocera Maryalice , Cantrell John , Ranapurwala Shabbar I. , Marshall Stephen 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundWe describe progress in the control of deaths on‐the‐job due to fatal occupational injury in North Carolina over the period 1978–2017.MethodsForty years of information on fatal occupational injuries in North Carolina has been assembled from medical examiners' reports and death certificates, supplemented by newspaper and police reports. Cases were defined as unintentional fatal occupational injuries among adults. Annual estimates of the population at risk were derived from US Census data, and rates were quantified using Poisson regression methods.ResultsThere were 4434 eligible deaths. The unintentional fatal occupational injury rate at the beginning of the study period was more than threefold the rate at the end of the study. The fatal occupational injury rate among men declined from 9.6 per 100,000 worker‐years in the period 1978–1982 to 3.1 per 100,000 worker‐years in the period 2013–2017. The fatal occupational injury rate among women declined from 0.3 per 100,000 worker‐years in the period 1978–1981 to 0.1 per 100,000 worker‐years in the period 2013–2017. Declines in rates were observed for young adults as well as older workers and were observed across all major industry categories. Average annual declines in rates were greatest in those industries and occupations that had the highest fatal injury rates at the start of the study period.ConclusionsThe substantial decline in fatal injury rates underscores the importance of injury prevention and demonstrates the ability to make meaningful reductions in unintentional fatal injury.
Defects‐Induced Single‐Atom Anchoring on Metal–Organic Frameworks for High‐Efficiency Photocatalytic Nitrogen Reduction
Authors: Ren Guangmin , Zhao Jianyong , Zhao Zehui , Li Zizhen , Wang Liang , Zhang Zisheng , Li Chunhu , Meng Xiangchao 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAiming to improve the photocatalytic activity in N2 fixation to produce ammonia, herein, we proposed a photochemical strategy to fabricate defects, and further deposition of Ru single atoms onto UiO‐66 (Zr) framework. Electron‐metal‐support interactions (EMSI) were built between Ru single atoms and the support via a covalently bonding. EMSI were capable of accelerating charge transfer between Ru SAs and UiO‐66, which was favorable for highly‐efficiently photocatalytic activity. The photocatalytic production rate of ammonia improved from 4.57 μmol g−1 h−1 to 16.28 μmol g−1 h−1 with the fabrication of defects onto UiO‐66, and further to 53.28 μmol g−1 h−1 with Ru‐single atoms loading. From the DFT results, it was found that d‐orbital electrons of Ru were donated to N2 π✶‐antibonding orbital, facilitating the activation of the N≡N triple bond. A distal reaction pathway was probably occurred for the photocatalytic N2 reduction to ammonia on Ru1/d‐UiO‐66 (single Ru sites decorated onto the nodes of defective UiO‐66), and the first step of hydrogenation of N2 was the reaction determination step. This work shed a light on improving the photocatalytic activity via feasibly anchoring single atoms on MOF, and provided more evidences to understand the reaction mechanism in photocatalytic reduction of N2.
Benzothieno[3,2‐b]thiophene‐Based Noncovalent Conformational Lock Achieves Perovskite Solar Cells with Efficiency over 24 %
Authors: Zhang Heng , Yu Xin , Li Mengjia , Zhang Zuolin , Song Zonglong , Zong Xueping , Duan Gongtao , Zhang Wenfeng , Chen Cong , Zhang Wen‐Hua , Liu Yongsheng , Liang Mao 
Published: November 2023

AbstractOrganic semiconductors with noncovalently conformational locks (OSNCs) are promising building blocks for hole‐transporting materials (HTMs). However, lack of satisfied neighboring building blocks negatively impacts the optoelectronic properties of OSNCs‐based HTMs and imperils the stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). To address this limitation, we introduce the benzothieno[3,2‐b]thiophene (BTT) to construct a new OSNC, and the resulting HTM ZS13 shows improved intermolecular charge extraction/transport properties, proper energy level, efficient surface passivation effect. Consequently, the champion devices based on doped ZS13 yield an efficiency of 24.39 % and 20.95 % for aperture areas of 0.1 and 1.01 cm2, respectively. Furthermore, ZS13 shows good thermal stability and the capability of inhibiting I− ion migration, thus, leading to enhanced device stability. The success in neighboring‐group engineering can triggered a strong interest in developing thienoacene‐based OSNCs toward efficient and stable PSCs.
Light‐Driven Reversible Multicolor Supramolecular Shuttle
Authors: Zhang Rong , Chen Yong , Liu Yu 
Published: November 2023

AbstractLight‐driven multicolor supramolecular systems mainly rely on the doping of dyes or a photo‐reaction to produce unidirectional luminescence. Herein, we use visible light to drive the bidirectional reversible multicolor supramolecular shuttle from blue to green, white, yellow, up to orange by simple encapsulation of spiropyran‐modified cyanostilbene (BCNMC) by the macrocyclic cucurbit[8]uril (CB[8]) monomer. The resultant host–guest complex displayed enhanced fluorescence properties, i.e. the multicolor fluorescence shuttle changed from blue to orange in the dark within 2 hours and reverted to the original state upon visible light irradiation for 30 s. Benefiting from the sensitivity of the spiropyran moiety to light, it can spontaneously isomerize from the ring‐opened state to a ring‐closed isomer in aqueous solution, and this photo‐isomerization reaction is a reversible process under visible light irradiation, leading to the multicolor luminescence supramolecular shuttle as a result of intramolecular energy transfer. In addition, the light also drove the reversible conversion of the topological morphology of the host–guest complex from two‐dimensional nanoplatelets to nanospheres. Different from the widely reported molecular rotaxane “shuttle”, the spiropyran supramolecular shuttle confined in the macrocyclic host CB[8] not only modulated a reversible topological morphology by light but also exhibited multicolor luminescence, which was successfully applied in programmed and rewritable information encryption.
Switchable Metal‐Ion Selectivity in Sulfur‐Functionalised Pillar[5]arenes and Their Host‐Guest Complexes
Authors: Todee Bunyaporn , Sanae Patharaporn , Ruengsuk Araya , Janthakit Pattarapapa , Promarak Vinich , Tantirungrotechai Jonggol , Sukwattanasinitt Mongkol , Limpanuparb Taweetham , Harding David J. , Bunchuay Thanthapatra 
Published: November 2023

AbstractNucleophilic substitution of pertosylated pillar[5]arene (P‐OTs) with commercially available sulfur containing nucleophiles (KSCN, KSAc, and thiophenol), yields a series of sulfur‐functionalised pillar[5]arenes. DLS results and SEM images imply that these pillararene macrocycles self‐assemble in acetonitrile solution, while X‐ray crystallographic evidence suggests solvent‐dependent assembly in the solid state. The nature of the sulfur substituents decorating the rim of the pillararene controls binding affinities towards organic guest encapsulations within the cavity and dictates metal‐ion binding properties through the formation of favorable S−M2+ coordination bonds outside the cavity, as determined by 1H NMR and fluorescence spectroscopic experiments. Addition of a dinitrile guest containing a bis‐triazole benzene spacer (btn) induced formation of pseudorotaxane host‐guest complexes. Fluorescence emission signals from these discrete macrocycles were significantly attenuated in the presence of either Hg2+ or Cu2+ in solution. Analogous titrations utilizing the corresponding pseudorotaxanes alter the binding selectivity and improve fluorescence sensing sensitivity. In addition, preliminary liquid‐liquid extraction studies indicate that the macrocycles facilitate the transfer of Cu2+ from the aqueous to the organic phase in comparison to extraction without pillar[5]arene ligands.
Effects of different types of neonatal pain on somatosensory and cognitive development in male juvenile rats
Authors: Ling Ru , Wang Yueshu , Zheng Wen , Min Cuiting , Chen Mengying , Xia Dongqing , Li Xiaonan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundPremature infants are inevitably exposed to painful events, including repetitive procedures, inflammation, or mixed stimulation that may induce long‐term behavioral outcomes. Here, we set up three neonatal painful models to investigate their long‐term effect on somatosensation and cognition.MethodsThree types of neonatal pain models in rat were set up. Rat pups were randomly assigned to four groups. The needling pain (NP) group received repetitive needle pricks on the paws from the day of birth (PD0) to postnatal day 7 (PD7) to mimic the diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. The inflammatory pain (IP) group received the injection of carrageenan into the left hindpaw at PD3 to induce IP in peripheral tissues. The mixed pain group received a combination of the NP and IP (NIP). The control (CON) group was untreated. We performed behavioral and biochemical testing of juvenile rats (PD21–PD26).ResultsThe NIP group showed a longer hypersensitivity than the NP group, when given a secondary inflammatory stimulation. NP led to insensitivity to anxiety‐causing stimuli and impairment of fear memory both aggravated by NIP. NP reduced the expression of synapse‐related molecules (GluN1/PSD95/GFAP) in the medial prefrontal cortex, and NIP exacerbated this decrease. The corticosterone secretion in the NIP group increased after the behavioral task, compared with those in other three groups.ConclusionA combination of NP with inflammation occurring in the neonatal period might aggravate the adverse effects of each on somatosensory and cognitive development of rats, the mechanism of which might be associated with the increase of corticosterone secretion and the dysregulation of synaptic molecules.
The interplay between diversity climate and multiculturalism policy: How diversity contexts shape student collective voice
Authors: Gale Jessica , Phalet Karen 
Published: November 2023

AbstractExisting research has largely acknowledged the importance of context in facilitating voice in culturally diverse institutions. However, most research has been situated empirically at the individual‐ rather than collective or context‐level. In the present research, multilevel modelling was used to examine the effect of school diversity context on students' perceived collective voice. Based on data from 4,690 students within 69 schools in Flanders, Belgium, we examined how multiculturalism policies as well as collectively perceived school climates of respect for diverse cultural groups may facilitate or hinder native and immigrant‐origin students' perceived collective voice. Results showed that diversity climates of respect were related to a greater perceived collective voice among all students, while multiculturalism policies had no effect. Nevertheless, an interplay between policy and climate showed that multiculturalism policy narrowed the gap in perceived collective voice between schools with stronger or weaker diversity climates. These results were robust to alternate indicators of climate and across minority/majority status groups. They raise the question of whether critical consciousness of unequal respect may be a first step in establishing socially just schools where multiculturalism policies value cultural identities and where all students can feel they have a collective voice. Future research directions are discussed. Please refer to the Supplementary Material section to find this article's Community and Social Impact Statement.
Advancing Gold Redox Catalysis: Mechanistic Insights, Nucleophilicity‐Guided Transmetalation, and Predictive Frameworks for the Oxidation of Aryl Gold(I) Complexes
Authors: Shiri Farshad , Ho Curtis C. , Bissember Alex C. , Ariafard Alireza 
Published: November 2023

AbstractGold redox catalysis, often facilitated by hypervalent iodine(III) reagents, offers unique reactivity but its progress is mainly hindered by an incomplete mechanistic understanding. In this study, we investigated the reaction between the gold(I) complexes [(aryl)Au(PR3)] and the hypervalent iodine(III) reagent PhICl2, both experimentally and computationally and provided an explanation for the formation of divergent products as the ligands bonded to the gold(I) center change. We tackled this essential question by uncovering an intriguing transmetalation mechanism that takes place between gold(I) and gold(III) complexes. We found that the ease of transmetalation is governed by the nucleophilicity of the gold(I) complex, [(aryl)Au(PR3)], with greater nucleophilicity leading to a lower activation energy barrier. Remarkably, transmetalation is mainly controlled by a single orbital – the gold dx2−y2 orbital. This orbital also has a profound influence on the reactivity of the oxidative addition step. In this way, the fundamental mechanistic basis of divergent outcomes in reactions of aryl gold(I) complexes with PhICl2 was established and these observations are reconciled from first principles. The theoretical model developed in this study provides a conceptual framework for anticipating the outcomes of reactions involving [(aryl)Au(PR3)] with PhICl2, thereby establishing a solid foundation for further advancements in this field.