bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rationalization of the Water Requirement of the Cabbage Crop by Using Zeolite and Silica Gel and Their Effect on some Water Parameters of the Leaves of the Cabbage Crop
Authors: Alwan Youssif Alaa Hussein , Abbood Mohammed Ali , Mohammed Hussein Abbas 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
A field experiment was conducted at the research station of the Department of Soil Sciences and Water Resources, which is 66 km east of the city of Baghdad during the fall agricultural season for the year 2021. It is located at latitude 10.679" 33° 41′ north, longitude 36.569" 35′ 43° east and at an altitude of 43 m above. Sea level The study aimed at the effect of zeolite and silica gel in rationing the water requirement of the cabbage and some of the physical soil characteristics and the growth and yield of the cabbage plant. The experiment was designed according to the distribution of split-split boards in a completely randomized block system (R C B D) with three replications. The experiment included three factors, the first Which occupied the main panels is zeolite ((Z) with three levels (without adding zeolite Z0, adding 25 g to each plant Z1, adding 50 g to each plant Z2), and the second factor is silica gel (S) and with three levels (without adding silica S0, adding 10 g to each plant S1, adding 20 gm plant S2), and the third factor is the water requirement of the plant in two levels (adding the full amount of 100% of the water requirement for the plant W1, adding 50% of the water requirement for the cabbage plant W2). The dimensions of the experimental unit are 1.5 × 4 m, with an area of (6 m2) for one experimental unit. The most important results obtained can be summarized as follows: The highest value of relative water content % and the ability to bind water % and the ability to absorb water in treatment W1Z2S2 reached 87.96%, 10.733%, 6.123%, respectively. The lowest value of relative saturation deficit in treatment W1Z2S2 was 12.03%.. The interaction treatment between water requirement, zeolite and silica gel recorded a significant effect when treating W2Z2S2 in the ability to absorb water, as it recorded the highest value of 79.29% compared to the treatment W1Z0S0, which had the lowest value of 23.39%.
Employing Remote Sensing Technologies and Geographic Information in the Hydrological Analysis of the Hilla River Valley in Babylon Governorate
Authors: Hameed Iman A. , Rahman Haleema Abdul Jabbar Abdul , Anmar Alsaadi 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The study aims to employ geospatial technologies in the Hydrological Analysis of water basins and their importance in (Arid and Semi-arid regions). The analysis was conducted to extract the characteristics of the Terrain surface such as Degree of Slope, Direction of Flow, Accumulation of Flow, Physiographic units, water basins and other characteristics using the Digital Elevation Model (DEM), which is one of the basic components of Geographic Information Systems (GIS). Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) and Topographic Wetness Index (TWI), which is based on the extraction of terrain surface characteristics.
Tolerance of Two Sorghum Varieties to Salinity Using Different Nutritional Practices and Two Leaching Requirements
Authors: Hameed Marwan A. , Ali Nooruldeen S. , Karim Hadi M. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
A field experiment was conducted at the Ministry of Agriculture research station in Abu Ghraib district to investigate the role of using different nutritional practices and two leaching requirements on the tolerance of two sorghum varieties to salt stress during the spring season of 2022. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design “RCBD” with a split-plot arrangement and three replicates. The treatments included Two Sorghum verities (Al-Khair synthetic variety (C1) and Rabeh synthetic variety (C2), Two leaching requirements (normal leaching requirements (L1) and doubled leaching requirements (L2) and 7 fertilizer treatments (Control, NPK, NPKS, NPKS+ micronutrients, NPKS+ micronutrients+ Nano silicon, NPKS+ micronutrients + Nano silicon + calcium and magnesium nitrate, NPKS + micronutrients + Nano silicon + potassium Humates), symbolized as (F0, F1, F2, F3, F4, F5, and F6), respectively. Results showed that applications of fertilizer treatments F5 and F6 had a significant impact on the growth indicators of the plant, where the highest average of plant height was 1.11 m and the highest average of leaf area was 0.48 m2 for treatment F5. The highest chlorophyll content was 85.43 (SPAD), the highest biological yield was 11373.6 kg ha−1, and the highest grain yield 5191.6 kg ha-1 was with treatment F6. Doubled leaching requirements (L2) exceeded the normal leaching requirements (L1) in some parameters, which led to an increase in the height and biological yield of the plant. The results showed a significant superiority of the sorghum variety (C2) over (C1) in the leaf area of 0.45 m2, as well as the biological yield of 11235.5 kg ha-1. The dual interactions have a significant effect on increasing plant height, leaf area, chlorophyll, biological yield, and grain yield. Triple interactions had a significant effect in increasing the height and grain yield of the plant. These results clearly showed that the proper management practices could be used to improve soil properties and increase the availability of nutrients and improve plant tolerance to abiotic stress such as soil salinity.
Effect of Adding Potassium and Selenium on the Concentration of Nutrients in Climbing Bean Plant (Phaseolus vulgaris) Affected by Humidity Stress
Authors: Hashim Bakr A. , Mohammed Hussein A. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
A field experiment was conducted at the University of Diyala - College of Agriculture - site of graduate students’ research projects during the spring season 2022, to study the effect of spraying the elements selenium and potassium on the climbing bean plant in addressing the harmful effect of water stress and its impact on nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and selenium For bean plants, the experiment was designed according to the strip split plot design, as the design included complete randomized plots (RCBD), a factorial experiment with three factors, and the experimental parameters included the following: Three levels of water stress according to field capacity (20%, 40% %, 60%) symbolized by (W1, W2, W3) and three levels of spraying with potassium (0, 500, 1000) mg.L-1, symbolized by (K0, K1, K2) and three levels of spraying with selenium (0, 5, 10)) mg.L-1 is symbolized by the symbol (Se0, Se1, Se2), The climbing bean plant was cultivated, and the results showed that water stress at (60%) of the field capacity led to a decrease in the studied characteristics. The triple interference between the three factors of the study treated the damage of water stress through the presence of an increase in the percentage of all studied vegetative characteristics when spraying with potassium and selenium.
Effect of Adding Chelated Zinc and Vermicompost on Some Indicators of Maize Growth
Authors: Yassin Fatima Bassem , Aliwi Mohammad Salal , Mahmood Saad Shakir 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
A field experiment was conducted for the fall season 2022 to grow a crop of yellow corn, zea mzys, class F1, in the Kala Agriculture field of the University of Babylon, in silt clay. The study included an investigation of the effect of adding chelated zinc and Vermicompost and the interaction between them on the growth indicators of maize, Where it included three levels of chelated zinc fertilizer (0, 5, 10) kg.H-1 and symbolized by symbols (Zn0, Zn1, Zn2) respectively for the first factor, while the second factor was the addition of Vermicompost with three levels (0, 10, 20) ton.H-1 and symbolized by the symbols (F0, F1, F2), respectively, and thus the number of transactions became 9 by 3 replications, so the number of experimental units became 27 experimental units. The experiment was carried out according to the RCBD random sectors design. The addition of chelated zinc to the Zn2 treatment gave the highest increase in the vegetative growth characteristics of plant height, chlorophyll index, leaf area, and dry weight of the vegetative total, as the values reached 189.60 cm, 53.92 Spad unit, 56.53 dm2, and 4.86 tons H-1 for each respectively. The addition of Vermicompost to treatment F2 gave the highest increase in vegetative growth indicators for each of the plant height 186.39 cm, chlorophyll index 50.75 spad unit, leaf area 52.87 dm2, and dry weight of the vegetative total 4.88 tons H-1. The dual interaction of chelated zinc and Vermicompost for Zn2F2 treatment gave the highest increase in the growth indicators of yellow corn represented by plant height, chlorophyll index, leaf area, shoot dry weight.
The Relationship of CLWC and Rainfall to the Synoptic Cases of Two Case Studies Over Iraq
Authors: Deagan Eptehaal M. , Al-Jiboori Monim H. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Climate change and the improvement of the environment is one of the most important topics that preoccupied the world, and the main factor for it is precipitation. To understand how to improve the environment, precipitation must be increased by understanding the mechanisms of cloud formation and benefiting from the water content of the liquid cloud, which is the basic building block of precipitation. There is no precipitation without liquid water content. This study examined the effect of depressions on rain and liquid cloud water content, in addition to studying the relationship of liquid water content and precipitation, and classifying clouds according to liquid water content over Iraq. We found that the liquid water content and the amount of precipitation are affected by depressions. Hourly data has been taken cloud liquid water content were used for four primary times, (00, 06, 12, and 18 UTC), at all pressure levels from (1000 to 175 hpa) for the study Selected days in Winter 2019 Taken from the generation of European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasting (ECMWF) from ERA5 it is the fifth generation ECMWF atmospheric reanalysis of the global climate covering the period from January 1950 to present. ERA5 is produced by the Copernicus Climate Change Service at ECMWF, sea level pressure maps and geopotential height maps were taken from ECMWF ERA5 Reanalysis. And low, medium, and high clouds and the amount of precipitation were taken from the (Iraqi Meteorological Organization and Seismic Monitoring). Two programs (Matlab) and (Origin) were used to analyze and plot the data.
The Effect of Biofertilizers, Phosphorus Sources and Vermicompost on the Preparation of Bacterial and Fungal Cells for the Two Phases of Vegetative Growth and Flowering of Potato Plants
Authors: Jaber Zeina Kareem , Oleiwi Mohammed Sallal 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
A field experiment was conducted for potato plants in the field of Agricultural Research and Experiment Station in Al-Muradiyya of the Directorate of Agriculture of Babylon - Babylon Governorate for the agricultural season 2022 to study the effect of adding bacterial fertilizer, phosphorus sources (triple superphosphate and phosphate rock) and vermicompost and the interaction between them in cell preparation Bacterial and fungal phases of potato plant vegetative growth and blooming according to RCBD design. The experiment included three factors: the addition of the bacterial biofertilizer Bacillus megaterium (with or without addition), phosphorus sources at three levels (0, triple superphosphate at 100 kg ha-1, phosphate rock at 200 kg ha-1), and vermicompost at three levels. Levels (0, 8, 12) ton ha-1, with three replications, yielded 54 experimental units. Burin cultivar potato tubers were planted, and the results were: The addition of bacterial bio fertilizer to treatment B1 produced the highest numbers of bacterial cells for the two stages of vegetative growth and flowering of potato plants: 4.73×106 and 6.73×106 (colony forming unit g-1 dry soil × 106) in sequence, and 5.93 × 103 and 12.15 × 103 for fungal cells. g-1 dry soil × 103, sequentially. During potato plant vegetative growth and flowering, the P22 treatment had the most bacterial and fungal cells, at 5.31 × 106 and 7.56 × 106 (colony forming unit g-1 dry soil 106), respectively. sequentially (g-1 dry soil) 103. Treatment F2 with vermicompost added had the largest counts of bacterial and fungal cells during the vegetative growth and blooming phases of potato plants at 6.22 × 106 (colony forming unit g-1 dry soil 106) and 10.08 × 106 (colony forming unit g-1 dry soil 103), respectively. B1P2F3 had the greatest bacterial cell counts at 8.25 and 13.55 × 106 (colony forming unit g-1 dry soil 106).
Evaluation of Land Degradation using some Spectral Indices and Geospatial Technologies in the Western AlJadwal District in the Holy Karbala
Authors: Jabbar Rania Hassan , Jubier Amal Radhi 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The study area was chosen in the western Al Jadwal district of the Holy Karbala Governorate, and satellite visuals were used for the years 2000, 2010, and 2020 in order to determine deterioration indicators, including the salinity index SI, the barren soil index BSI, and the land degradation index LDl, as the results showed an increase in the values of these indices in the year 2020 And its decrease in the years 2010 and 2000, due to its lack of cultivation, as the salinity index for the highly saline land ranged between 10.01 - 16.59, as it occupied the largest area in the year 2020, which amounted to 1600 ha, by 9.9% ha, with a rate of 32.1%. The severely degraded land category agreed with these two indicators, as it occupied the largest area in the year 2020, amounting to 2900, with a rate of 13.9%, as it ranged between 0.11 - 0.39, and this confirms that cultivating and managing lands correctly leads to their non-degradation, as poor management, leaving land without cultivation and scarcity of water are factors that lead to land degradation
A Study of the Effect of Chemical Properties and Their Spatial Distribution in the Soils of the Western Jadwal District in Karbala Governorate
Authors: Jabbar Rania Hassan , Jubier Amal Radhi 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The study area was chosen in the western Jadwal district of Karbala Governorate, which is located in the area confined between longitudes 44010′30" to 4403′30" east and latitudes N 32029′20" to 32037′20" north, in order to study the chemical properties of the soil and its impact and distribution in the soil, as soil samples were obtained From surface depth 0 – 30 cm 62 samples were obtained using the auger drilling machine (auger), and the coordinates were determined by the GPS device, then they were saved and transferred to the laboratory, and the necessary chemical laboratory measurements were carried out on them, as the results showed that the electrical conductivity ECe in all the soils of the study was low, values of soil sites ranged surface between 2.18 - 6.08 dSm-1, and the degree of reaction of pH was neutral to basic, ranged between 7.0 - 8.0. with a lower percentage Organic matter of organic matter in the surface soils ranged between 0.52 - 1.43%, and the high content of carbonate minerals, the percentage of carbonate minerals in the surface soils ranged between 15.82 - 25.24%.
Field and Student Evaluation of Green Spaces (Gardens) for Al-Mustaqbal University College \ Hilla – Babylon Province
Authors: Al-Sharifat Najah Jabir Muhan , Selim Mahmood Haider 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Al-Mustaqbal University’s gardens were assessed in 2022. The study had two phases: the field evaluation phase, which surveyed and analyzed green areas’ natural and material components. Student evaluation (questionnaire) is the second part. Green and their development goals. Field evaluation findings: 1-The absence of a clear design for the gardens, as it is a green area surrounded by trees and shrubs 2-The absence of a well-thought-out botanical design, where trees are planted at close distances without taking into account their future size. 3-Not allocating places for various activities such as isolated places for reading and relaxation, gathering gardens, and various student sports, recreational and social activities. 4-Dividing the large area into small gardens with spaces that are not suitable for any activity conducted by students, except for the garden of the College of Pharmacy and the College of Physical Education. 5-Walkways are designed with a width outside the design standards for pedestrians, and it may reach (8) m, which is the width of a street. 6-The lack of points of interest and interest such as statues, fountains, water bodies...etc. According to the student evaluation (questionnaire), (50.3%) thought the gardens were medium, (46.6%) preferred green spaces for their preferred plants, (68.4%) preferred wide gardens with all activities, and (49.2%) thought maintenance was moderate. Gardens and maintaining them, and (63.7%) desire to expand green areas and gardens since the present ones were insufficient. (62.1%) of students like natural aspects, (83.7%) like modern garden designs, and (45.3%) are near the department building’s garden. Medical, one of the university’s most important gardens, and (76.3%) wish to engage and express their opinion if any gardens are rebuilt.
Evaluation of Inoculation with Two Strains of Rhizobium Bacteria on some Growth and Yield Traits of Cowpea Plant in Gypsiferous Soil
Authors: Altai Salahaldeen H. , Muhee Heba A. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
A field experiment was conducted during the spring season on 3/25/2022 in the fields of Tikrit University / College of Agriculture located in the research station of the Department of Soil Sciences and Water Resources, with the aim of studying the effect of inoculation with Rhizobia bacteria and nitrogen fertilization on the growth and yield of cowpea in gypsiferous soil. It was conducted with a completely random block design R. C. B. D With three replicates, the experiment included two main factors: inoculation with rhizobium bacteria, and the second factor was nitrogen fertilization. The inoculation factor was three levels (A0 = non inoculation, A1 = inoculation with the first strain, Bradyrhizobium manausense, and A2 = inoculation with the second strain, Bradyrhizobium vignae), and the second factor was nitrogen fertilization. With three levels N0 and N1 = 40 kg / ha and N2 = 80 kg / ha, the results showed the excelled of the inoculation treatment with root nodules Bradyrhizobium vignae on the control treatment and even the second strain Bradyrhizobium manausense in all studied traits of cowpea plant, and the percentage increase of the inoculation treatment was Bradyrhizobium vignae with 40 kg nitrogen fertilizer over the comparison treatment in the number of root nodes and their wet weight (1474.87, 267.101)%, while the dry weight of the root and vegetative total, plant length and roots, the increase was (44.347, 79.283, 12.771, 21.233)%, respectively, and the number of pods of the early yield And the total (120.925, 4.303)%, and the plant yield of straw (46.054), respectively.
The Effect of Adding a Gypsum-CKD Mixture on some Physical and Chemical Properties of Sand Dunes
Authors: Abojazra Mohammed Ali Watheq Mirdan , Al-Kelabi Hissein Ghetheith Abed 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Cement kiln dust and gypsum, and to assess the suitability of this mixture as a 1 cm thick layer on a dense surface in resisting external conditions and air pressure, experimental programs were conducted in the laboratory. The results indicated that cement kiln dust contributed to improving the cohesion of the sand dunes and reducing their percentage. It also increased the porosity to reach 57.5%, along with a decrease in the values of water conductivity and permeability compared to untreated soil. Furthermore, the pH and EC values showed a noticeable decrease over a period of fourteen months. On the other hand, an experiment was conducted to wash the cement kiln dust and evaluate its effect on EC values. It was found that the cement kiln dust contained easily washable salts when the washing process was repeated seven times consecutively over seven days.
Effect of Drip Irrigation Manners and Perlite Application on Water Consumption and Water Use Efficiency for Potato Crop
Authors: Al-Obaidi Fatima A. O. , Al-Mehmdy Shuker Mahmood Hassan 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
A field study was conducted at the Agricultural Research Station affiliated to the College of Agriculture, located in Al-Buetha area, Al-Ramadi district, central Anbar province, Iraq. (33°26′40" N latitude and 48°10′43" E longitude). The study was carried out during the autumn season in 2022 in a sedimentary soil with a sandy clay loam texture. The study aimed to investigate the role of surface and subsurface drip irrigation methods, along with the perlite addition, in terms of water consumption and water use efficiency for potato crop. The study included two main factors. The first factor was the irrigation system, which consisted of two methods: surface drip irrigation (SD) and subsurface drip irrigation (SSD). The second factor was the perlite application, which had three levels: without perlite (control treatment, P0), addition of half the calculated amount of perlite at a depth of 0.20m from the soil surface (Ph), and addition the full calculated amount of perlite at the same depth (Pf). The experimental design used was a randomized complete block design (RCBD). potato tubers (variety of EL BEIDA) were planted on September 27, 2022. Irrigation was scheduled when 50% of the available water was depleted, based on evaporation pan Class A. The results of the study showed that the best water consumption value for the potato crop was achieved under subsurface drip irrigation with the addition of both full and half amounts of perlite, with a value of 290.40 mm per season. Subsurface drip irrigation method significantly superior to surface drip irrigation in terms of water use efficiency, especially when full and half amounts of perlite were added, with values of 252.28 and 218.70 kg m-3, respectively.
Pollution Effect of Used Engine Oil on Chemical Properties and some Heavy Metals of Sandy Soil
Authors: Mohsen Russell Khaled , Al-Robai Hazim Aziz 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Used engine oil pollution is a serious multidimensional problem affecting all aspects of the environment leads to changes the physical, chemical and microbiological properties of the soil and this leads to the accumulation of nutrient and heavy metals in the soil and eventually transfers to plant. This research was carried out to study the effect of used engine oil pollution and incubation period on some chemical properties and heavy metals of the soil. Sandy soil contaminated with used engine oil levels of 0.0, 2.5, 5, 15, 30 and 60 ml. kg-. Soil samples were incubated for two and four weeks with the pollutant. The results showed that there was a significant effect of the two incubation periods and the levels of the pollutant in reducing the pH values in all samples. An effect of the incubation period and oil level factors in increasing the values of organic matter and cation exchange capacity factor was observed in the studied samples, and the effect was evident in the second incubation period. It was noted that there was a fluctuation in the concentrations of the studied heavy elements between significant and non-significant increases as a result of adding different levels of used engine oil.