bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distributed fiber optic acoustic sensing system intrusion full event recognition based on 1-D MFEWnet
Authors: Dong Lulu , Zhao Wenan , Huang Sheng , Zhang Chengsan , Zhang Yu , Kong Xianggui , Shang Ying , Liu Guangqiang , Yao Chunmei , Liu Shouling , Wan Na , Jia Zhongqing , Ni Jiasheng 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Proper detection of the full range of intrusion events is of paramount significance to distributed fiber optic sensing perimeter security systems. Traditional neural networks for intrusion event recognition are constrained by the training dataset, that is, they cannot detect intrusions outside of the training dataset. However, in real complex environments, the dataset by manually obtained is far fall short of encompassing all possible real-world data. This limitation can lead to inaccuracies of identification in the distributed fiber optic sensing system not being able to identify correctly, which causes immeasurable losses. In order to address the aforementioned issues, this paper presents a 1D MFEWnet model, which completes the effective differentiation of all datasets by means of a Multi-Feature branch 1-dimensional Convolution Neural Network, followed by fitting the activation vectors after the recognition of known datasets to a Weibull distribution, through the improved Euclidean distance tracing algorithm. This approach allows for the extraction and identification of additional intrusion signals while providing the ability to recognize and reject unknown interference events. In the experiments, a distributed fiber optic sensing system was established to collect event signals. For three known event categories, the highest recognition accuracy is up to 99.6%. After adding 2 unknown event categories randomly, the accuracy remained at a commendable 96.9%. This innovative methodology ensures the accuracy of target recognition under the introduction of all conceivable events and improves the robustness of the distributed fiber optic perimeter security system.
Investigation of some thermal properties of iron and chromium-based core-shell nanowires
Authors: Uzel Alpay , Oguz Hatice Zor , Kart Sevgi Ozdemir , Tasli Pinar Tunay , Kart Hasan Huseyin 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Fe and Cr based core–shell nanowires (CSNWs) are modeled as cylindrical structures in which the atoms are arranged in a bcc crystal structure. Two different sizes with diameters of 2.5 nm and 4.5 nm for nanowires (NWs) are created and their lengths are set as four times their diameters. Their structural and thermodynamic properties are investigated through the molecular dynamics (MD) simulation technique in the canonical (NVT) statistical ensemble implemented in the open-source Large-scale Atomic/Molecular Massively Parallel Simulator (LAMMPS) software package. Atomic interactions between the atoms are described by using the many-body potentials based on the Embedded Atom Model (EAM). The melting temperatures of the NWs have been determined by investigating the behavior of the potential energy, specific heat capacity, radial distribution function, Lindemann melting criterion, the mean square displacement, and diffusion coefficients as a variation of temperature. The same melting temperatures are acquired from all these temperature-dependent physical properties for all NWs considered in this study. To the best of our knowledge, our simulation results are presented for the first time in this work and have the potential to guide experimental studies.
Stability and electronic properties of ‘4-8’-type ZnSnN2 thin films free of spontaneous polarization for optoelectronic applications
Authors: Fang D Q 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Ternary nitride ZnSnN2 is a promising photovoltaic absorber material. In this work, we using first-principles calculations investigate the stability and electronic properties of ‘4–8’-type ZnSnN2 thin films. We find that below a certain thickness ‘4–8’-type thin films have lower total energy than polar films in the wurtzite-derived structures. For 4-layer ZnSnN2 thin film, the Pna21/Pmc21 → 4–8 transitions can spontaneously occur at finite temperatures. All ‘4–8’-type thin films studied are semiconducting and free of spontaneous polarization, the bandgap of which can be tuned by the thickness of films, ranging from 1.4 eV to 1.8 eV. Furthermore, these films show light electron effective masses, and octet-rule-preserving disorder has insignificant effects on the electronic properties. Our results provide new insights into the structure of ZnSnN2 in the thin film form and guidance for the experimental investigation.
Numerical impedance matching via extremum seeking control of single-frequency capacitively coupled plasmas
Authors: Chen Zili , Yu Shimin , Xu Jingwen , Cao Dehen , Chen Zhipeng , Jiang Wei , Zhang Ya 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Impedance matching is a critical component of semiconductor plasma processing for minimizing the reflected power and maximizing the plasma absorption power. In this work, a more realistic plasma model is proposed that couples lumped element circuit, transmission line, and particle-in-cell (PIC) models, along with a modified gradient descent algorithm (GD), to study the impact of presets on the automatic matching process. The effectiveness of the proposed conceptual method is validated by using a single-frequency capacitively coupled plasma as an example. The optimization process with the electrode voltage and the reflection coefficient as the objective function and the optimized state, including plasma parameters, circuit waveforms, and voltage and current on transmission lines, is provided. These results show that the presets, such as initial conditions and objective functions, are closely related to the automatic matching process, resulting in different convergence speeds and optimization results, proving the existence of saddle points in the matching network parameter space. These findings provide valuable information for future experimental and numerical studies in this field.
Incorporation of total ionizing dose effects into a compact model for p-GaN gate high electron mobility transistors
Authors: Zhang Lili , Qiu Yiwu , Zhang Pingwei , Yin Yanan , Wang Tao , Zhou Xinjie 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Total ionizing dose (TID) characteristics of p-GaN gate high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) under different bias conditions are explored in this work. Potential mechanism accounting for the TID response of p-GaN gate HEMTs is analyzed, based on which a TID effects model is developed. The TID effects model describes the relationship among threshold voltage of p-GaN gate HEMTs, total radiation dose, and electric field inside the p-GaN cap layer. Furthermore, an approach incorporating the TID effects model into Advanced Spice Model for HEMT (ASM-HEMT) is proposed, the reliability of which is validated by the well-fitted modeled results in comparison with the measured ones. This approach makes it possible to probe into the impact of TID effects on p-GaN gate HEMTs from the perspective of circuit level, which provides a basis for the follow-up GaN-based circuit design.
A flashing beacon in axion inflation: recurring bursts of gravitational waves in the strong backreaction regime
Authors: García-Bellido Juan , Papageorgiou Alexandros , Peloso Marco , Sorbo Lorenzo 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The coupling between a pseudo-scalar inflaton and a gauge field leads to an amount of additional density perturbations and gravitational waves (GWs) that is strongly sensitive to the inflaton speed. This naturally results in enhanced GWs at (relatively) small scales that exited the horizon well after the CMB ones, and that can be probed by a variety of GW observatories (from pulsar timing arrays, to astrometry, to space-borne and ground-based interferometers). This production occurs in a regime in which the gauge field significantly backreacts on the inflaton motion. Contrary to earlier assumptions, it was later shown that this regime is characterized by an oscillatory behavior of the inflaton speed, with a period of O ( 5 ) e-folds. Bursts of GWs are produced at the maxima of the speed, imprinting nearly periodic bumps in the frequency-dependent spectrum of GWs produced during inflation. This can potentially generate correlated peaks appearing in the same or in different GWs experiments. While recent lattice studies show that the inclusion of inflaton gradients can modify significantly the dynamics of this system in the strong backreaction regime, this is not the case for the first oscillation or two of the inflaton speed, so that we expect our results to be robust for modes that were excited during that epoch.
Statistical properties of galactic synchrotron temperature and polarization maps — a multi-frequency comparison
Authors: Rahman Fazlu , Chingangbam Pravabati , Ghosh Tuhin 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Understanding the statistical properties of synchrotron emission from our Galaxy is valuable from the perspective of observations targeting signals of cosmological origin, as well as for understanding physical processes in our Galaxy. In this work, we extend the analysis of Rahman et al. [1] to — (a) all-sky observed maps of total foreground emissions at different frequencies provided by WMAP, Planck and Stockert-Villa,
(b) component separated synchrotron temperature maps provided by WMAP, Planck and BeyondPlanck, and (c) component separated polarization maps provided by WMAP and Planck. The tools we use are Minkowski functionals and tensors.
Our main goals are twofold. First, we determine the variation of morphological properties of the total foreground maps with observing frequency and compare with simulations. This study elucidates how the morphology varies with frequency due to the relative dominance of different foreground components at different frequencies. Secondly, we determine the nature of non-Gaussianity and statistical isotropy of synchrotron fluctuations towards smaller scales using various component separated synchrotron temperature and polarization maps. We find that all maps exhibit kurtosis-type non-Gaussianity, in agreement with the Haslam map. This result can be an important input for the modelling of small-scale synchrotron fluctuations for component separation pipelines. This also suggests that residual synchrotron contamination in CMB will manifest as kurtosis and will not be captured by three-point statistics.
From a comparison of the different component separated maps, we find that BeyondPlanck and WMAP MCMC-e agree well with Haslam at all scales. The other maps show differences of varying statistical significance.
Our analysis suggests a combination of residual AME and/or free-free emissions and point sources as contributing to these differences, and underscores the need for further improvement of the pipelines.
Ultra-low background germanium assay at the Boulby Underground Laboratory
Authors: Scovell P.R. , Meehan E. , Paling S.M. , Thiesse M. , Liu X. , Ghag C. , Ginsz M. , Quirin P. , Ralet D. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
As we move to an era where next generation ultra-low
background particle physics experiments begin to be designed and
constructed, the ability to assay materials with high sensitivity
and at speed with a variety of techniques will be key.

This paper describes the Mirion Technologies (Canberra) specialty
ultra-low background detectors installed and commissioned at the
Boulby Underground Laboratory between 2017 and 2021. The low
background levels of the detectors combine with low background
shielding and a radon-reduced dry nitrogen purge system to give
sensitivity approaching the best in the world without the need for
intricate shielding solutions.

For an optimised sample geometry, run for 100 d, it would be
possible to reach close to 10 μBq kg-1
(10-12 g/g) for background radionuclides of interest in
neutrinoless double-beta decay.
Quantum and classical simulation of core shell based junctionless field effect transistor with digital application
Authors: Mehta Vanita , Kumar Arya Sandeep , Sharma Rajiv 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The detailed performance analysis of core–shell Gate All Around junctionless field effect transistor along with CMOS inverter as an application with quantum models is presented in this paper for the first time. To appreciate the performance of the device and the application even at smaller channel length, the comparison with classical models is also presented. The OFF current was calculated as 3.68 × 10−16A on incorporating the quantum models. The subthreshold swing (SS) and Drain induced barrier lowering (DIBL) are found to be near ideal values. The SS and DIBL was calculated as 62.82 mV/dec and 33.4 mV/V. The DIBL was found to be lesser by 52.82% with quantum model than classical model. The performance obtained using quantum models are better than the classical models in terms of different parameters such as OFF current, ON current, SS, DIBL, threshold voltage, transconductance. Further, the performance of the CMOS inverter with quantum models by considering the n-type and p-type core–shell Gate All Around junctionless field effect transistor is also presented . The OFF current of p-type and n-type was matched before designing the application. A sharp transfer characteristics of the CMOS inverter is obtained. The performance was also studied by calculating the drain current from each of p-type and n-type and found to be more than 1 × 10−7A and SNM (Static Noise Margin) was calculated as 267 mV. The transient response of CMOS inverter exhibits the potential of CMOS inverter using the proposed device even at smaller channel lengths.
Dysfunctions of multiscale dynamic brain functional networks in subjective cognitive decline
Authors: Liu Mianxin , Huang Qi , Huang Lin , Ren Shuhua , Cui Liang , Zhang Han , Guan Yihui , Guo Qihao , Xie Fang , Shen Dinggang 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Subjective cognitive decline is potentially the earliest symptom of Alzheimer's disease, whose objective neurological basis remains elusive. To explore the potential biomarkers for subjective cognitive decline, we developed a novel deep learning method based on multiscale dynamical brain functional networks to identify subjective cognitive declines. We retrospectively constructed an internal data set (with 112 subjective cognitive decline and 64 healthy control subjects) to develop and internally validate the deep learning model. Conventional deep learning methods based on static and dynamic brain functional networks are compared. After the model is established, we prospectively collect an external data set (26 subjective cognitive decline and 12 healthy control subjects) for testing. Meanwhile, our method provides monitoring of the transitions between normal and abnormal (subjective cognitive decline–related) dynamical functional network states. The features of abnormal dynamical functional network states are quantified by network and variability metrics and associated with individual cognitions. Our method achieves an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.807 ± 0.046 in the internal validation data set and of 0.707 (P = 0.007) in the external testing data set, which shows improvements compared to conventional methods. The method further suggests that, at the local level, the abnormal dynamical functional network states are characterized by decreased connectivity strength and increased connectivity variability at different spatial scales. At the network level, the abnormal states are featured by scale-specifically altered modularity and all-scale decreased efficiency. Low tendencies to stay in abnormal states and high state transition variabilities are significantly associated with high general, language and executive functions. Overall, our work supports the deficits in multiscale brain dynamical functional networks detected by the deep learning method as reliable and meaningful neural alternation underpinning subjective cognitive decline.
Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factor Control in People With and Without HIV
Authors: Silverberg Michael J , Levine Tory M , Lea Alexandra N , Williams Andrew E , Alexeeff Stacey E , Bryant Kendall , Cavassini Matthias , Flamm Jason A , Hare C Bradley , Ingle Suzanne M , Justice Amy C , Lam Jennifer O , Sterling Stacy A , Horberg Michael A , Satre Derek D 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background
Management of hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes and other modifiable factors may mitigate the cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV, PWH) compared with people without HIV (PWoH).

Methods
This was a retrospective cohort study of 8285 PWH and 170 517 PWoH from an integrated health system. Risk factor control was measured using a novel disease management index (DMI) accounting for amount/duration above treatment goals (0% to 100% [perfect control]), including 2 DMIs for hypertension (diastolic and systolic blood pressure), 3 for dyslipidemia (low-density lipoprotein, total cholesterol, triglycerides), and 1 for diabetes (HbA1c). CVD risk by HIV status was evaluated overall and in subgroups defined by DMIs, smoking, alcohol use, and overweight/obesity in adjusted Cox proportional hazards models.

Results
PWH and PWoH had similar DMIs (80%–100%) except for triglycerides (worse for PWH) and HbA1c (better for PWH). In adjusted models, PWH had an elevated risk of CVD compared with PWoH (hazard ratio [HR], 1.18; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.07–1.31). This association was attenuated in subgroups with controlled dyslipidemia and diabetes but remained elevated for PWH with controlled hypertension or higher total cholesterol. The strongest HIV status association with CVD was seen in the subgroup with frequent unhealthy alcohol use (HR, 2.13; 95% CI, 1.04–4.34).

Conclusions
Control of dyslipidemia and diabetes, but not hypertension, attenuated the HIV status association with CVD. The strong association of HIV and CVD with frequent unhealthy alcohol use suggests enhanced screening and treatment of alcohol problems in PWH is warranted.
Integrated Genomic and Social Network Analyses of SARS-CoV-2 Transmission in the Healthcare Setting
Authors: Keehner Jocelyn , Abeles Shira R , Longhurst Christopher A , Horton Lucy E , Myers Frank E , Riggs-Rodriguez Lindsay , Ahmad Mohammed , Baxter Sally , Boussina Aaron , Cantrell Kalen , Cardenas Priscilla , De Hoff Peter , El-Kareh Robert , Holland Jennifer , Ikeda Daryn , Kurashige Kirk , Laurent Louise C ,   for the SEARCH Alliance, Aigner Stefan , Andersen Kristian G , Anderson Catelyn , Baer Nathan A , Barber Tom , Bauk Marco , Beck Jennifer N , Belda-Ferre Pedro , Betty Maryann , Birmingham Amanda , Castro-Martinez Anelizze , Cheung Willi , De Hoff Peter , Fisch Kathleen M , Gangavarapu Karthik , Gargano Isabella , Hakim Abbas , Harsono Shania , Henson Benjamin , Hobbs Charlotte , Holmes Jacqueline , Jepsen Kristen , Knight Rob , Kurzban Ezra , Laurent Louise C , Marotz Clarisse A , Matteson Nathaniel L , Moshiri Niema , Ngo Toan T , Ostrander Tyler R , Perkins Sarah , Plascencia Ashley , Rivera Andrea , Rivera Ariana , Salido Rodolfo A , Sathe Shashank , Seaver Phoebe , Schwab Madison , Veder Anthony , Yeo Gene W , Zeller Mark , Lucas Andrew , Pride David , Sathe Shashank , Tran Allen R , Vasylyeva Tetyana I , Yeo Gene , Knight Rob , Wertheim Joel O , Torriani Francesca J 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background
Infection prevention (IP) measures are designed to mitigate the transmission of pathogens in healthcare. Using large-scale viral genomic and social network analyses, we determined if IP measures used during the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic were adequate in protecting healthcare workers (HCWs) and patients from acquiring SARS-CoV-2.

Methods
We performed retrospective cross-sectional analyses of viral genomics from all available SARS-CoV-2 viral samples collected at UC San Diego Health and social network analysis using the electronic medical record to derive temporospatial overlap of infections among related viromes and supplemented with contact tracing data. The outcome measure was any instance of healthcare transmission, defined as cases with closely related viral genomes and epidemiological connection within the healthcare setting during the infection window. Between November 2020 through January 2022, 12 933 viral genomes were obtained from 35 666 patients and HCWs.

Results
Among 5112 SARS-CoV-2 viral samples sequenced from the second and third waves of SARS-CoV-2 (pre-Omicron), 291 pairs were derived from persons with a plausible healthcare overlap. Of these, 34 pairs (12%) were phylogenetically linked: 19 attributable to household and 14 to healthcare transmission. During the Omicron wave, 2106 contact pairs among 7821 sequences resulted in 120 (6%) related pairs among 32 clusters, of which 10 were consistent with healthcare transmission. Transmission was more likely to occur in shared spaces in the older hospital compared with the newer hospital (2.54 vs 0.63 transmission events per 1000 admissions, P &lt; .001).

Conclusions
IP strategies were effective at identifying and preventing healthcare SARS-CoV-2 transmission.
Forensic features and phylogenetic structure survey of four populations from southwest China via the autosomal insertion/deletion markers
Authors: Zhang Han , Yang Meiqing , Zhang Hongling , Ren Zheng , Wang Qiyan , Liu Yubo , Jin Xiaoye , Ji Jingyan , Feng Yuhang , Cai Changsheng , Ran Qianchong , Li Chengtao , Huang Jiang 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Insertion/Deletion (InDel) polymorphisms, characterized by their smaller amplicons, reduced mutation rates, and compatibility with the prevalent capillary electrophoresis (CE) platforms in forensic laboratories, significantly contribute to the advancement and application of genetic analysis. Guizhou province in China serves as an important region for investigating the genetic structure, ethnic group origins, and human evolution. However, DNA data and the sampling of present-day populations are lacking, especially about the InDel markers. Here, we reported data on 47 autosomal InDels from 592 individuals from four populations in Guizhou (Han, Dong, Yi, and Chuanqing). Genotyping was performed with the AGCU InDel 50 kit to evaluate their utility for forensic purposes and to explore the population genetic structure. Our findings showed no significant deviations from Hardy-Weinberg and linkage equilibriums. The combined power of discrimination (CPD) and the combined power of exclusion (CPE) for each population demonstrated that the kit could be applied to forensic individual identification and was an effective supplement for parentage testing. Genetic structure analyses, including principal component analysis, multidimensional scaling, genetic distance calculation, STRUCTURE, and phylogenetic analysis, highlighted that the genetic proximity of the studied populations correlates with linguistic, geographical, and cultural factors. The observed genetic variances within four research populations were less pronounced than those discerned between populations across different regions. Notably, the Guizhou Han, Dong, and Chuanqing populations showed closer genetic affiliations with linguistically similar groups than the Guizhou Yi. These results underscore the potential of InDel markers in forensic science and provide insights into the genetic landscape and human evolution in multi-ethnic regions like Guizhou.

Key points