bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of An ipsilateral Vascularized Ulnar Transposition Autograft for Limb‐Sparing Surgery of the Distal Radius in Dogs: An Anatomic and Clinical Study
Authors: Séguin Bernard , Walsh Peter J. , Mason David R. , Wisner Erik R. , Parmenter Jessica L. , Dernell William S. 
Published: March 2003

Objective— To develop a surgical technique for using the distal aspect of the ulna as a transposition autograft in a distal radial defect and to assess patency of vascular supply and viability of the distal ulna in a heterotopic position.Study Design— Cadaveric study and clinical cases.Animals— Twenty‐two normal canine thoracic limbs; 3 dogs with distal radial osteosarcoma.Methods— The arteries and veins of 12 limbs were injected with latex. Barium sulfate suspension was injected into the brachial artery of 10 other limbs after removal of the distal radius only (n = 2), ulna transposition (UT) (n = 6), or no procedure (n = 2). The distal ulna grafts were then harvested and decalcified in formic acid. The grafts were cut into 3–5 mm transverse sections and radiographed with a nonscreen film system to determine filling of intramedullary vessels with barium suspension. UT was performed in 3 dogs with distal radial osteosarcoma. Bone scintigraphy was performed 2–7 days after surgery to assess viability of the transposed ulna graft.Results— Angiography confirmed patency of the caudal interosseous artery in all but 2 limbs in which the UT technique was performed; however, barium‐filled vessels were identified in the medullary cavity of all ulnar grafts. Scintigraphy confirmed graft viability in the 3 dogs, all of which had good to excellent limb function.Conclusions— The distal aspect of the canine ulna can be used as a vascularized transposition autograft to replace distal radial defects, and viability can be maintained.Clinical Relevance— The UT technique appears to be an acceptable limb‐sparing technique for dogs with tumors of the distal aspect of the radius.
Evaluation of a Collagen Patch as a Method of Enhancing Ventriculotomy Healing in Japanese Quail (Coturnix Coturnix Japonica)
Authors: Ferrell Shannon , Werner Jonathan , Kyles Andrew , Lowenstine Linda , Kass Phillip , Tell Lisa 
Published: March 2003

Objective— To assess the ability of a porcine submucosal collagen patch to enhance ventriculotomy healing in quail.Study Design— Histologic assessment of wound repair after ventriculotomy.Animal Population— Eighteen adult Japanese quail.Methods— All quail had a ventriculotomy through the caudoventral thin muscle. The quail were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 groups: group I (n = 9) had routine closure and group II (n = 9) had routine closure and the application of a porcine submucosal collagen patch over the serosal surface of the ventricular suture line. Three quail from each group underwent necropsy at 7, 14, and 21 days after surgery and healing of the ventriculotomy site was evaluated by microscopy.Results— Ventricular mucosal epithelium was completely healed at 21 days postoperatively. Time to restoration of the ventricular submucosal integrity was variable in both groups. There was evidence of a gross or microscopic perforation in 4 quail in group II, which was statistically significant (P= .041). Quail with perforations had significantly elevated numbers of ventricular serosal lymphoid aggregates compared with those without perforations (P= .029). There were no other significant temporal differences between group I and group II for mortality or histopathologic grading of wound healing.Conclusions— A porcine collagen patch did not enhance ventriculotomy wound healing. Subjectively, the collagen patch might have contributed to perforation by the generation of a lymphocytic xenograft rejection response.Clinical Relevance— Ventriculotomy can be safely performed using routine closure methods in healthy birds.
Pulmonary Embolism Associated With Canine Total Hip Replacement
Authors: Liska William D. , Poteet Brian A. 
Published: March 2003

Objective— To determine by pulmonary perfusion scans and ultrasonography if embolemia occurs during total hip replacement (THR) surgery in dogs.Study Design— Prospective clinical study.Animals— Forty client‐owned dogs that had THR surgery.Methods— Thoracic radiographs were taken immediately after THR and immediately after completion of 99mTc‐MAA lung scans. Scintigraphy was performed in 28 dogs, 48 hours after THR. Intraoperative ultrasonography (intercostal or transesophageal) was performed in another 12 dogs that had THR. The right atrium and ventricle and pulmonary outflow tract were observed during and for 5 to 8 minutes after femoral component insertion into medullary canals prepared by reaming, and lavage and aspiration of debris before filling with polymethylmethacrylate in dough stage. A modified Prospective Investigation of Pulmonary Embolism Diagnosis (PIOPED) classification system was used to evaluate lung scans.Results— No pulmonary radiographic abnormalities were identified. Segmental and subsegmental perfusion defects occurred in 23 (82%) dogs and were classified as severe in 9 (32%) dogs, moderate in 11, and mild in 3. There was no particular lobe predilection. Patchy mulberry‐appearing defects, indicative of fat embolism, were most common. Embolemia was observed by ultrasound in 10 dogs. Variable‐sized particles occurred in 8 dogs, particles and bubbles in 2 dogs, and no emboli were observed in 2 dogs. Embolemia was observed within 10 seconds after femoral stem insertion and lasted < 1 minute. Pneumoemboli remained in the right atrium for > 8 minutes before dislodgement.Conclusions— Embolemia of either air, particles, or both occurs in most dogs during THR surgery.Clinical Relevance— Most dogs seemingly spontaneously recover from pulmonary embolism that occurs during THR. The risk of clinical complications from this pulmonary embolism should be taken seriously, even though the exact morbidity and mortality rates are unknown.
Short‐Term Evaluation of Dorsal Acetabular Augmentation in 10 Canine Total Hip Replacements
Authors: Pooya Hooman A. , Schulz Kurt S. , Wisner Eric R. , Montavon Pierre , Jackson Josh 
Published: March 2003

Objective—To report the use of dorsal acetabular augmentation (DAA) in canine total hip arthroplasty (THA) and to evaluate the clinical and radiographic outcome after a minimum of 1 year follow‐up.Study Design—Clinical study.Animals—Nine dogs that had THA.Methods—Ten hips requiring acetabular augmentation for optimum acetabular cup implantation for THA were evaluated retrospectively. The excised femoral head and neck was used as the corticocancellous bone graft for index THA surgeries, and the dorsal crest of the ipsilateral ilial wing was used as the bone graft in 1 dog that had a revision surgery. Clinical and radiographic follow‐up examinations were performed at approximately 8 weeks and 1 year postoperatively. Long‐term radiographic examinations included use of a standing dorsal acetabular rim (DAR) projection for assessment of graft‐recipient boundary. Functional clinical outcome was assessed using direct patient evaluation and telephone interview.Results—One dog failed to regain limb function after surgery. Suspected aseptic loosening of the acetabular cup was observed on radiographs approximately 12 weeks postoperatively. Excluding this single explantation, follow‐up physical and radiographic examinations indicated good implant and graft positioning and normal function for all dogs.Conclusions—Acetabular augmentation permitted implantation of an appropriately sized acetabular cup while maintaining complete DAR coverage of the prosthesis. Nine out of 10 hips had a successful outcome with minimal radiographic and no functional abnormalities. Further follow‐up is necessary to determine the long‐term outcome of DAR augmentation in canine THA.Clinical Relevance—Acetabular augmentation with an autogenous corticocancellous bone graft constructed from the femoral head and neck can provide complete DAR coverage to permit use of an appropriately sized acetabular cup in THA.
CHOICE OF ENERGY DATA IN ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT
Authors: VON MALMBORG FREDRIK BURSTRÖM , FORSBERG ANNA 
Published: March 2003

Life cycle oriented methods are increasingly used for environmental assessments (EAs) of the built environment. However, many assumptions are made in such assessments, potentially influencing the results and making the assessment more ambiguous. To increase the reliability of EAs, consequences of the assumptions made have to be better understood. Since energy use in the operation and maintenance phase is an important factor decisive for the overall environmental performance of a building, the purpose of this study is to investigate how the selection of heat and electricity mix affects the assessed environmental performance of buildings. It also aims to suggest how to choose heat and electricity data in EAs of the built environment in general. Applying four different modes of electricity production and two different modes of heat production in a case study of three different buildings with different technical solutions for heat and electricity supply, the study show that choices of heat and electricity mix have significant influence on the final results of the EA. Regarding the choice of heat and electricity mix in an EA of buildings and the built environment, it is argued that both average and marginal data on electricity production should be used in general. As for data on district heat production, it is recommended to use data on the average production in the specific, local district heating system in general. Finally, it is argued that consequences of the assumptions made should be explicitly communicated in the EA report, so as to let the decision-makers rather than the analysts make the evaluation.
Issues in adapting a computer-assisted career guidance system for use in another country
Authors: Lokan Jan , Fleming Marianne 
Published: March 2003

An extensive adaptation exercise was undertaken by the Australian Council for Educational Research (ACER) when it was decided to modify the 1988 version of the American ‘SIGI Plus’ (System for Interactive Guidance, plus more) (Educational Testing Service, 1981 and later dates) for Australian conditions. The information is of several kinds, requiring varying degrees of validation and checking for local appropriateness.Although the same language, English, was involved, there are substantial differences in education systems and educational pathways, and noticeable differences in occupational conditions and people’s value systems. Adaptations were needed at the level of the language (terminology), factual details relating to the vocational world (starting salaries, workplace conditions, legislation), and the educational world (educational programs, extracurricular facilities, further education). The self-assessment modules had to be adapted and then validated against Australian occupational criteria. Teams comprising occupational psychologistsfrom government departments, career teachers, and counsellors both from educational and corporate settings adapted and verified all information and assessment components. Finally, all adaptations needed to be implemented in the computer program, requiring frequent and thorough system testing. The steps in the adaptation and validation procedures are outlined following a brief discussion of elements of career guidance and a description of SIGI Plus itself.
Aberdeen Colles’ fracture brace as a treatment for Colles’ fracture
Authors: Tumia N. , Wardlaw D. , Hallett J. , Deutman R. , Mattsson S. A. , Sandén B. 
Published: March 2003

We carried out a randomised, prospective, multicentre clinical trial of the treatment of Colles’ fractures. A total of 339 patients was placed into two groups, those with minimally displaced fractures not requiring manipulation (151 patients) and those with displaced fractures which needed manipulation (188 patients). Treatment was by either a conventional Colles’ plaster cast (a control group) or with a prefabricated functional brace (the Aberdeen Colles’ fracture brace). Similar results were obtained in both groups with regard to the reduction and to pain scores but the brace provided better grip strength in the early stages of treatment. This was statistically significant after five weeks for both manipulated and non-manipulated fractures. At the tenth day the results were statistically significant only in manipulated fractures. There was no significant difference in the functional outcome between the two treatment groups. However, younger patients and those with less initial displacement had better functional results.
Patient demographics as a predictor of the ten-year survival rate in primary total knee replacement
Authors: Johnson G. Vazquez-Vela , Worland R. L. , Keenan J. , Norambuena N. 
Published: March 2003

As the surgical indications for total knee replacement (TKR) expand to include younger, heavier and more active patients, knowledge of the effect of these demographic variables on the outcome and survival of the implant is increasingly important. Between November 1986 and September 1990, 402 patients underwent 562 primary cemented cruciate-retaining TKRs carried out by a single surgical team. The overall results showed a survival of 96.8% at 14 years with 1.44% lost to follow-up. Evaluating the demographics of these patients showed that certain groups fared significantly less well. The best results were seen in non-obese women with osteoarthritis who were over 60 years of age in whom there was ten-year survival of 99.4%. The worst results were in obese men with osteoarthritis who were less than 60 years of age in whom there was a ten-year survival of 35.7%. Caution should be exercised when considering TKR on a patient with this combination of poor risk factors. By identifying demographic factors at the time of consultation the surgeon is better able to predict the survival of the TKR. This information is important when considering the best options for treatment of a patient and in providing accurate information during preoperative counselling.
Should the cement mantle around the femoral component be thick or thin?
Authors: Skinner J. A. , Todo S. , Taylor M. , Wang J. S. , Pinskerova V. , Scott G. 
Published: March 2003

We have compared the survival and radiological outcome at ten years after total hip replacement using two techniques for preparing the femoral canal. The same prosthesis was used throughout and all operations were performed by the same surgical team. In technique 1 the canal was over-reamed by 2 mm and in technique 2 it was reamed to the same size as the prosthesis. Technique 1 was performed on 92 patients and technique 2 on 97 patients. The survival at ten years was 97.2% (90.6 to 99.2) for technique 1 and 98.8% (92.9 to 99.8) for technique 2. Vertical migration was greater in technique 1 (1.8 mm versus 1.0 mm at five years; p = 0.36). There were significantly more lytic lesions and radiolucent lines at five years (p = 0.0061) with technique 1. We conclude that technique 2 is not worse and may produce better long- term results than current teaching suggests.
Ultrasonographic imaging of fractures of the clavicle in newborn infants
Authors: Kayser R. , Mahlfeld K. , Heyde C. , Grasshoff H. 
Published: March 2003

Fractures of the clavicle in the neonate are usually diagnosed by clinical examination and confirmed by plain radiography. Exposure of newborn infants to irradiation should be avoided if possible. Following the clinical examination of 2978 neonates, 15 had suspected fractures of the clavicle. All were confirmed by ultrasound. In combination with clinical examination, ultrasound is a satisfactory alternative to radiological assessment for the diagnosis of fractures of the clavicle in newborn children.
Role of posterior stabilisation in the management of tuberculosis of the dorsal and lumbar spine
Authors: Sundararaj G. D. , Behera S. , Ravi V. , Venkatesh K. , Cherian V. M. , Lee V. 
Published: March 2003

We present a prospective study of patients with tuberculosis of the dorsal, dorsolumbar and lumbar spine after combined anterior (radical debridement and anterior fusion) and posterior (instrumentation and fusion) surgery. The object was to study the progress of interbody union, the extent of correction of the kyphosis and its maintenance with early mobilisation, and the incidence of graft and implant-related problems. The American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) score was used to assess the neurological status. The mean preoperative vertebral loss was highest (0.96) in the dorsal spine. The maximum correction of the kyphosis in the dorsolumbar spine was 17.8°. Loss of correction was maximal in the lumbosacral spine at 13.7°. All patients had firm anterior fusion at a mean of five months. The incidence of infection was 3.9% and of graft-related problems 6.5%. We conclude that adjuvant posterior stabilisation allows early mobilisation and rehabilitation. Graft-related problems were fewer and the progression and maintenance of correction of the kyphosis were better than with anterior surgery alone. There is no additional risk relating to the use of an implant either posteriorly or anteriorly even when large quantities of pus are present.
Acute correction of lower limb deformity and simultaneous lengthening with a monolateral fixator
Authors: Donnan L. T. , Saleh M. , Rigby A. S. 
Published: March 2003

We have reviewed, retrospectively, all children with a lower limb deformity who underwent an acute correction and lengthening with a monolateral fixator between 1987 and 1996. The patients were all under the age of 19 years and had a minimum follow-up of eight months after removal of the fixator. A total of 41 children had 57 corrections and lengthening. Their mean age was 11.3 years (3.2 to 18.7) and there were 23 girls and 18 boys. The mean maximum correction in any one plane was 23° (7 to 45). In 41 bony segments (either femur or tibia) a uniplanar correction was made while various combinations were carried out in 16. The site of the osteotomy was predominantly diaphyseal, at a mean of 47% (17% to 73%) of the total bone length and the mean length gained was 6.4 cm (1.0 to 17.0). Univariate analysis identified a moderately strong relationship between the bone healing index (BHI), length gained, maximum correction and grade-II to grade-III complications. For logistic regression analysis the patients were binary coded into two groups; those with a good outcome (BHI ≤ 45 days/cm) and those with a poor outcome (BHI > 45 days/cm). Various factors which may influence the outcome were then analysed by calculating odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals. This analysis suggested a dose response between increasing angular correction and poor BHI which only reached statistical significance for corrections of larger magnitude. Longer lengthenings were associated with a better BHI while age and the actual bone lengthened had little effect. Those patients with a maximum angulatory correction of less than 30° in any one plane had an acceptable consolidation time with few major complications. The technique is suitable for femoral deformity and shortening, but should be used with care in the tibia since the risk of a compartment syndrome or neurapraxia is much greater.
Pedicle bone grafting versus transtrochanteric rotational osteotomy for avascular necrosis of the femoral head
Authors: Hasegawa Y. , Sakano S. , Iwase T. , Iwasada S. , Torii S. , Iwata H. 
Published: March 2003

Segmental collapse occurs in the early stage of a vascular necrosis (AVN) of the femoral head, and is associated with a poor prognosis. Since it develops at a relatively young age, the long-term outcome after total hip replacement is a major concern. We have compared the long-term results of pedicle bone grafting (PBG) with those of transtrochanteric rotational osteotomy (TRO). In the PBG group there were 23 men (27 hips) and three women (4 hips) with a mean age at the time of surgery of 38 years and a mean follow-up of 13 years. In the TRO group there were 44 men (55 hips) and 19 women (22 hips) with a mean age at the time of surgery of 39 years and a mean follow-up of seven years. Failure was defined as a need for total hip replacement or a Harris hip score below 70. The long-term results were similar for the two groups. The survival rates at five and ten years were 85% and 67%, respectively, in the PBG group, and 71% and 61%, respectively, in the TRO group, according to Kaplan-Meier survivorship analysis. In the TRO group patients in stage II had significantly better results that those in stage III.
Role of cyclical pressure and particles in the release of M-CSF, chemokines, and PGE2 and their role in loosening of implants
Authors: Sampathkumar K. , Jeyam M. , Evans C. E. , Andrew J. G. 
Published: March 2003

Aseptic loosening of orthopaedic implants is usually attributed to the action of wear debris from the prosthesis. Recent studies, however, have also implicated physical pressures in the joint as a further cause of loosening. We have examined the role of both wear debris and pressure on the secretion of two chemokines, MIP-1α and MCP-1, together with M-CSF and PGE2, by human macrophages in vitro. The results show that pressure alone stimulated the secretion of more M-CSF and PGE2 when compared with control cultures. Particles alone stimulated the secretion of M-CSF and PGE2, when compared with unstimulated control cultures, but did not stimulate the secretion of the two chemokines. Exposure of macrophages to both stimuli simultaneously had no synergistic effect on the secretion of the chemokines, but both M-CSF and PGE2 were increased in a synergistic manner. Our findings suggest that pressure may be an initiating factor for the recruitment of cells into the periprosthetic tissue.
Failure of an uncemented non-porous metal-backed prosthesis with augmentation using impacted allograft for acetabular revision
Authors: Jeffery M. , Scott G. , Freeman M. 
Published: March 2003

We have reviewed 29 patients (30 hips) who had undergone revision total hip arthroplasty using a Freeman metal-backed acetabular component and acetabular impaction allografting. The mean follow-up was for 15.3 years (12 to 17). Five patients (5 hips) died with the prosthesis in situ and four (4 hips) were lost to follow-up. Twelve hips had failed and in the remaining nine there were minor symptoms. The mean time to failure requiring further surgery was nine years. Excluding patients who were lost to follow-up or had died, 72% of the hips were radiologically loose at the last review. The commonest pattern in those requiring revision was failure of the reinforcement ring in adduction with remodelling of the medial wall. Of the nine patients who had not undergone revision, one with bilateral replacements had no current radiographs and only three of the remaining seven replacements had no radiological signs of loosening. The short-term results for this technique have been reported to be satisfactory, but in the long term they are not. The factors associated with failure include the design of the prosthesis, which has been implicated in disappointing long-term results when used in primary arthroplasty, but not with the frequency of failure found in this series. It seems that the reliance on peripheral screw fixation over a bed of allograft without bridging the graft does not provide sufficient stability to allow incorporation of the graft.