bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Towards secure IoT system from a smart city perspective: An optimized algorithm and implementation
Authors: Sharma Vishal , Beniwal Rohit , Kumar Vinod 
Published: October 2023

AbstractSecuring Internet of Things (IoT) systems is crucial for maintaining the resilience and trustworthiness of smart cities. In this context, the routing protocol's efficiency is pivotal for large‐scale IoT applications. However, achieving dependable and energy‐efficient routing in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) poses significant challenges due to limited and non‐rechargeable node energy resources. Also, traditional approaches often fell short of ensuring robust security and efficient data transmission. Hence, the purpose of this research was to address these shortcomings by introducing the Blowfish Honey‐Improved Spotted Hyena Optimization (BONY‐ISHO) protocol aimed at bolstering the security and efficiency of clustering and data routing in WSNs. Firstly, it introduces blockchain technology to establish secure and authenticated clustering, ensuring that only legitimate cluster heads and member nodes can participate. This innovation significantly enhances network security. Secondly, our protocol incorporates a hybrid Blowfish‐Honey cryptographic technique for data protection within the Area of Interest (AOI). This dual‐layer security approach, comprising Blowfish encryption and Honey encryption for key management, guarantees robust privacy and security. Thirdly, we have optimized data routing through the Improved Spotted Hyena Optimization (ISHO) algorithm, extending the network's lifetime and conserving energy resources. Performance evaluations confirm the superiority of the BONY‐ISHO protocol and existing solutions. It achieves a higher packet delivery ratio (99.8%), increased throughput (45 000 kbps), reduced energy consumption (1.68 joules), and minimized latency (0.068 sec) when compared to traditional methods. These performance enhancements make the BONY‐ISHO protocol a compelling choice for securing and optimizing IoT‐based WSNs. Our study concludes that the BONY‐ISHO protocol is a highly effective solution for addressing security and efficiency challenges in IoT‐based WSNs. By combining blockchain‐based authentication, hybrid cryptography, and intelligent routing algorithms, we have achieved a comprehensive enhancement of network security and data transmission efficiency. The protocol's ability to thwart malicious nodes and optimize routing pathways ensures the integrity and reliability of IoT‐based WSNs.
The use of Qigong and Tai Chi in the management of temporomandibular joint dysfunction: A systematic review
Authors: Salami Afeez A. , Kanmodi Kehinde K. , Leuke Bandara Dhanushka , Aladelusi Timothy O. , Amzat Jimoh , Lin Dan , Ojo Temitope O. , Jayasinghe Ruwan D. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackground and AimsQigong and Tai Chi (QTC) are mind‐body exercises involving a sequence of graceful movements, which promote self‐healing, meditation, and self‐cultivation. There is growing evidence that Qigong and/or Tai Chi therapy may improve the physical and psychological health among adults with multiple health conditions including joint movement. This systematic review aims to synthesize the available evidence on the type and effectiveness of QTC therapies used in the management of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dysfunction.MethodsThis systematic review followed the AMSTAR‐2 guideline, and it was reported based on guidelines in the PRISMA checklist. The review involved a systematic search of nine electronic databases. After deduplication and screening of the literature retrieved from the search, only one article was included based on the review's inclusion criteria. Data was extracted from this article and synthesized.ResultsThe only included article was on a non‐randomized control trial which investigated the role of Tai Chi Qigong (a form of Qigong) therapy in improving joint mobility and alleviating trismus among 52 survivors of nasopharyngeal carcinoma who had TMJ disorders. The study reported, at different time intervals (at pretest; at mid‐intervention; at posttest; and at follow‐up posttest), that no significant difference (p > 0.05) was observed concerning mouth opening capacity between the intervention group and the control group. However, over time, less severe deterioration in mouth‐opening was noted among the participants in the intervention group (p = 0.181) as compared to the control group (p < 0.001).ConclusionThe role of QTC therapies in improving joint mobility and alleviating trismus is not yet fully understood, but it seems promising. The available evidence is inadequate to categorically conclude on the efficacy of these therapies. Further studies will be required to fully assess the effectiveness of QTC therapies in the management of TMJ dysfunction.
Anemia prevalence and its predictors among children under‐five years in Ghana. A multilevel analysis of the cross‐sectional 2019 Ghana Malaria Indicator Survey
Authors: Aheto Justice M. K. , Alhassan Yakubu , Puplampu Adikwor E. , Boglo Julius K. , Sedzro Kojo M. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackground and AimsDespite the implementation of anemia control interventions in Ghana, anemia prevalence is still high in children under‐fives. Reducing the prevalence of anemia requires identifying and targeting associated critical risk factors. This study seeks to identify predictors of anemia among children under‐fives in Ghana.MethodsNationally representative data from the 2019 Ghana Malaria Indicator Survey was used in this study. Both fixed and random effects (multilevel) logistic regression models were applied to 2434 children to identify critical factors associated with anemia.ResultsIn this study, 54% (95% confidence interval [CI] 52.0–57.0) of children under‐5 years were anemic. Infants were more likely to be anemic (66.7%) compared with other children below 5 years. In the multivariable multilevel model, the risk of anemia was found to be higher in younger children especially 6–11 months old (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 3.59, CI: 2.54–5.08) and 12–23 months old (aOR = 2.97, CI: 2.08–4.23), children who had malaria (aOR = 1.53, CI: 1.13–2.06), children whose mothers were not registered but not covered with health insurance (aOR = 1.45, CI: 1.21–1.74) or were not even registered for insurance (aOR = 1.49, CI: 1.15–1.93), children born to adolescent mothers (aOR = 2.21, CI: 1.36–3.57), children born to non‐Christian mothers (Islam [aOR = 1.53, CI: 1.17–2.00]), children born to families of poorer households (poorest [aOR = 3.01, CI: 1.64–5.51]; poorer [aOR = 2.56, CI: 1.65–3.98]); middle (aOR = 2.03, CI: 1.32–3.11) and richer (aOR = 1.78, CI: 1.19–2.64), and children who lived in either Upper East (aOR = 2.03, CI: 1.26–3.26) or Central (aOR = 2.52, CI: 1.42–4.47) regions. Significant unobserved community‐level differences in anemia prevalence were observed.ConclusionThe probability of anemia in children under‐fives differs substantially from one community to another, and the prevalence remains high. The identified critical risk factors should be addressed. Multifaceted and targeted approaches are needed to help reduce the anemia prevalence in this setting to achieve the multiple United Nation's Sustainable Development Goals, which are related to risk and prevalence of anemia by 2030.
Evaluation of Bromfenac and Ibuprofen for Pain After Orthopedic Surgery
Authors: Boström Åke A.S. , Forbes James A. , Adolfsson Christina , Beaver William T. , Bell Walter E. 
Published: October 2023

Study Objectives. To determine the relative analgesic potency and adverse effect liability of bromfenac 25, 50, and 100 mg, and ibuprofen 200 and 400 mg in the treatment of postoperative pain after orthopedic surgery.Design. Randomized, double‐blind, single‐dose, parallel‐group relative potency assay with evaluations at 30 minutes and then at hourly intervals for up to 6 hours.Setting. Two wards of the orthopedic surgery department at the Centralsjukhuset (Central Hospital) in Karlstad, Sweden.Patients. Two hundred inpatients with steady, moderate or severe pain within 72 hours after orthopedic surgery.Interventions. Patients received a single oral dose of bromfenac 25, 50, or 100 mg, or ibuprofen 200 or 400 mg, when they experienced steady, moderate or severe pain that, in their opinion, required an analgesic. Using a self‐rating record, subjects rated their pain and its relief for 6 hours after medicating.Measurements and Main Results. The study was a valid relative potency assay with estimates of bromfenac's potency relative to ibuprofen ranging from 10.9 (nurse's global evaluation) to 16.7 (sum of hourly analog pain intensity difference scores). That is, 11–16 times the dose of ibuprofen must be administered to equal the analgesic effect of bromfenac. Patients who had eaten breakfast or lunch within 60 minutes before or 30 minutes after receiving the study medication (“fed” patients) had lower efficacy scores than those who had not ingested food within these time constraints before or after receiving the study medication (“fasted” patients). Furthermore, patients who had eaten before receiving the study medication had significantly lower efficacy scores than those who had eaten after receiving the study medication.Conclusions. The relative potency of the analgesic effect of bromfenac to ibuprofen is 11–16.7 in patients with pain after orthopedic surgery. Fed patients may have lower analgesic efficacy than fasted patients. Adverse effects for both bromfenac and ibuprofen were transient and consistent with the pharmacologic profiles of the drugs.
The Emerging Role of Alpha Antagonists in the Therapy of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
Authors: LEPOR HERBERT 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe rationale for using alpha blockade to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is based on the physiology and pharmacology of prostate smooth muscle. Approximately 20% of the area density of the prostate adenoma is smooth muscle. In vitro isometric tension studies have demonstrated that the contractile properties of the human prostate adenoma are mediated primarily by alpha1 adrenoceptors. Alpha blockers presumably decrease the resistance along the prostatic urethra by relaxing the smooth muscle component of the prostate. Over the past 14 years, at least 16 clinical trials have confirmed the efficacy of alpha blockade in the treatment of BPH. The primary advantage of terazosin over all other commercially available alpha blockers is that its longer half‐life allows for a once‐daily dosage regimen. Two Phase II studies conducted in the United States, a multi‐center dose titration randomized withdrawal study and the author's personal experience with terazosin, are summarized in this report. Overall, the peak urinary flow rate increased 50% and the mean urinary flow rate increased 46% following terazosin therapy. The mean obstructive and irritative scores improved 67% and 35%, respectively. The adverse reactions occurring with an incidence greater than 5% included headache (10%), asthenia (7%), and dizziness (14%). All adverse events were reversible on termination of therapy. The preliminary experiences with alpha blockers for the treatment of BPH has been very encouraging. Yet, the definitive role of alpha blockade in BPH awaits the reporting of multicenter, randomized placebo‐controlled studies
Risk, ambiguity, and misspecification: Decision theory, robust control, and statistics
Authors: Hansen Lars Peter , Sargent Thomas J. 
Published: October 2023

SummaryWhat are “deep uncertainties” and how should their presence influence prudent decisions? To address these questions, we bring ideas from robust control theory into statistical decision theory. Decision theory has its origins in axiomatic formulations by von Neumann and Morgenstern, Wald, and Savage. After Savage, decision theorists constructed axioms that formalize a notion of ambiguity aversion. Meanwhile, control theorists constructed decision rules that are robust to some model misspecifications. We reinterpret axiomatic foundations of decision theories to express ambiguity about a prior over a family of models along with concerns about misspecifications of the corresponding likelihood functions.
Converting croplands into perennials may contribute to the deep soil nitrogen (N) accumulation in N‐limited region: Evidence from the arid and semi‐arid Chinese Loess Plateau
Authors: Li Bin‐bin , Zhang Wan‐tao , Wu Wei‐wei , Liang Xiao , Liu Guo‐bin , Xu Ming‐xiang 
Published: October 2023

AbstractConverting degraded croplands into perennials has been proposed as an effective method of soil N sequestration, however, the dynamics of deep soil N (>100 cm) following cropland conversion are not well understood. In this study, we synthesized 3049 observations to detect the changes in deep soil N content following cropland conversion on the arid and semiarid Loess Plateau. Our results showed that converting croplands into perennials significantly increased the soil N content by an average of 57.4%, 23.1%, and 29.5% in the surface (0–20 cm), subsurface (20–100 cm), and deep (100–200 cm) layers, respectively. The extent of the increase was influenced significantly by the land‐use conversion types and tree species. Specifically, the conversion of croplands into deep‐rooted forests or shrubs, particularly Robinia pseudoacacia and Caragana microphylla, exhibited higher advantages in deep soil N sequestration. Moreover, deep soil N sequestration increased significantly with time since cropland conversion (p < 0.001), and the rates in deep soils were approximately 26.1% and 66.7% of that in 0–20 and 20–100 cm soils, respectively. In the long term, converting croplands into forests and shrubs showed higher potential for deep soil N sequestration. Linear regression analysis showed that the changes of deep soil N sequestration were influenced significantly by initial soil N content (p < 0.001) and humidity index (p < 0.001), with the slopes in >100 cm layers being 2 to 3 times than that in the top meter, indicating higher sensitivity in deep soils. Overall, this study provides evidence that converting degraded croplands into perennials may contribute to deep soil N accumulation in N‐limited regions, which could potentially alleviate N limitation and sustain long‐term ecosystem carbon sequestration.
Vertigo and its burden of disease—Results from a population‐based cohort study
Authors: Hackenberg Berit , O'Brien Karoline , Döge Julia , Lackner Karl J. , Beutel Manfred E. , Münzel Thomas , Wild Philipp S. , Pfeiffer Norbert , Chalabi Julian , Matthias Christoph , Bahr‐Hamm Katharina 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjectivesVertigo describes symptoms of abnormal movement of the environment or the patient's own body. As such, it affects patients' quality of life, prevents them from following their daily activities, and increases healthcare utilization. The Global Burden of Disease Project aims to quantify morbidity and mortality worldwide. In 2013, a separate disability weight for vertigo was introduced. The aim of this study is to estimate the symptom burden of disease caused by vertigo.MethodsThis study analyzes data from the Gutenberg Health Study (GHS). The GHS is a population‐based cohort study representative of the city of Mainz and its district. Participants were asked whether they suffered from vertigo and, if so, how bothered they felt by it, rating their distress on a six‐level scale from 1 = little stressful to 6 = extremely stressful.ResultsEight thousand five hundred and nineteen participants could be included in the study. The overall prevalence of vertigo was 21.6% (95%‐confidence interval [CI] [20.7%; 22.5%]). Vertigo prevalence peaked in the age group of 55–64 years. Vertigo annoyance averaged 2.42 (1.28). When an annoyance of 3–6 was considered bothersome, the prevalence of bothersome vertigo was 8.1 % (95%‐CI [7.5%; 8.7%]). Age‐standardized to the European Standard Population 2013, vertigo caused a burden of 2102 years lived with disability per 100,000 population.ConclusionIn this study, it was found that one in five people suffer at least occasionally from vertigo. This result suggests a significant burden of disease. This burden is reported at the symptom level. Future studies are needed to attribute the burden to specific causes.Level of Evidence2.
The Time‑Point Distribution Characteristics of Laryngopharyngeal Reflux in Elderly Patients
Authors: Liu Zhi , Zhang Chun , Liu Lianlian , Zhang Jinhong , Wang Xiaoyu , Wang Jiasen , Zhao Jing , Zou Shizhen , Ma Xin , Li Jinrang 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo identify the characteristics of the time‐point distribution of the occurrence of hypopharyngeal‐proximal reflux episodes (HREs) in elderly and younger patients with laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR).Study DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingAnalysis of data from patients with LPR‐related symptoms and 24‑hour hypopharyngeal‐esophageal multichannel intraluminal impedance‐pH (24‐hour HEMII‑pH) monitoring from February 2017 to September 2022 at Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital.MethodsPatients were divided into 2 age groups: the elderly group (>60 years) and the younger group (≤60 years). The time series of HREs and meals within 24 hours were analyzed based on HEMII‑pH.ResultsA total of 305 patients were included (126 elderly patients). In younger patients, except for nonacid‐gas HREs, the incidence of the remaining types of HREs tended to increase within 2 hours after meals, especially after dinner. The incidence of all types of HREs pre‐ and postmeal was not significantly different in the elderly group (χ2 = 0.080, P = .777). The incidence of nighttime HREs in elderly patients was statistically higher than in younger patients (6.23% vs 3.96%, P = .030), particularly acid‐/nonacid‐liquid HREs.ConclusionHREs tend to increase within 2 hours after meals in younger LPR patients, except for nonacid‐gas HREs. In elderly LPR patients, the incidence of all types of HREs pre‐ and postmeal were not significantly different, and nighttime fluid HREs was more prone to occur than in younger patients.
A mixed least‐squares finite element method for a geometrically nonlinear TPM formulation
Authors: Schwarz Alexander , Schwarz Carina , Bluhm Joachim , Schröder Jörg 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn the present work, a mixed least‐squares finite element method (LSFEM) is used, which is applied on the partial differential equations arising from the Theory of Porous Media (TPM), see for example [1, 2, 3]. Since the LSFEM is not limited to the LBB condition, the method has some theoretical advantages over the well‐known (mixed) Galerkin method, see [4]. In particular, the LSFEM leads to positive definite and symmetric system matrices, even for differential equations with non‐self‐adjoint operators. In detail, we study an incompressible binary model with solid and liquid phases. The modeling of saturated porous structures serves as the basis for the presented approach. The resulting finite element is a four‐field formulation in terms of solid displacements, fluid pressure, mixture stresses, and a new variable associated with the pressure gradient. Vector‐valued Raviart‐Thomas and conventional Lagrangian functions are used to achieve a conforming discretization of the unknowns in the spaces H(div) and H1. The applicability of the LSFEM approach is demonstrated with numerical examples for fluid‐saturated porous structures, which consider incompressible, geometrically nonlinear elastic material behavior.
Towards realistic nonlinear elastic bending behavior for cable simulation
Authors: Zhao Tian , Schneider‐Jung Fabio , Linn Joachim , Müller Ralf 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis contribution aims to characterize and model the nonlinear elastic behavior of cables for reliable simulations. To simulate the nonlinear elastic behavior of cables, we use an iterative method, where at each step, an algorithmic local bending stiffness constant is used and updated according to the current cable state. We also formulate an inverse problem to determine the properties of real cables. By solving the inverse problem, the nonlinear elastic behavior for given measurement data is identified, yielding a curvature‐dependent bending stiffness characteristic. In addition, we propose an alternative method based on the balance equations for rods in static equilibrium to identify the bending stiffness characteristic. We apply both methods to experimental data, and the results are compared and discussed.
A novel surrogate modelling approach for additive manufacturing processes
Authors: Hürkamp André , Ekanayaka Virama 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAdditive manufacturing (AM) enables the production of complex and customised components with minimal waste. However, to achieve the desired geometry and quality, a lot of process optimisation is needed (often by experimental trial and error). Especially, in the case of AM with concrete materials, the time‐dependent behaviour of the fresh concrete is a large challenge to achieve process stability. Simulations taking into account the time‐dependent material are able to predict the printing result. Since these simulations are very time consuming, a proper orthogonal decomposition (POD)‐based reduced order model for AM is presented. Based on snapshots along the build‐up process, a surrogate model is constructed that is able to predict the printing result with respect to the underlying process and materials. Inspired by the POD approximation, a novel surrogate modelling approach using the initial waypoints of the printing trajectory as input is investigated. In this case, it is possible to analyse the manufacturing process for arbitrary geometries. The proposed method is demonstrated for the use case of additive manufacturing in construction.
Poly(o‐anisidine), its composites, derivatives and applications: A review
Authors: Vispute Kanishka , Mukke Atul , More Aarti P. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPoly(o‐anisidine) (POA) is from the conductive polymer family and derivative of polyaniline. It can be mainly synthesized in two routes, chemical synthesis produces a powdered polymer, whereas electrochemical synthesis produces thin films. The plain POA explored for the anticorrosive applications on aluminum, copper, and brass surface. The POA is also explored in nanoparticles and nanofibers form. Along with plain POA, the composites of POA are popular and various materials such as carbon nanotube, graphene, vanadium pentoxide, cerium dioxide, are explored for the synthesis of POA composites. The POA composites find application as catalyst, for anticorrosive coating, for conductivity and membrane applications. The composites are used for sensor, detector, ion exchange membrane, anticorrosive coating on steel and aluminum substrate. The various derivatives of POA such as poly(2‐anisidine), poly(aniline‐co‐2‐anisidine), poly(aniline‐co‐o‐anisidine‐co‐o‐toluidine), poly(aniline‐co‐o‐anisidine), and poly(o‐anisidine‐co‐o‐toluidine) are explored in the literature and they have shown better performance as compared to the plain POA in terms of anticorrosive coating as well as they used in development of sensors and detectors. The health hazards of POA is slightly touched at the end of the review hence the study gives the brief idea about POA, its composites, POA derivatives with its wide range of applications in various sectors.