bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Endodontic retreatment practice trends among dental surgeons: A survey-based research
Authors: Mandke Lalitagauri , Koparkar Tejas , Bhagwat Sumita , Vimala N. , Vandekar Mansi 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Aim:
Root canal treatment procedures are considered “the bread and butter” for routine clinical practice. Although retreatments have been primarily performed by endodontists (ENs), many senior practitioners and dentists who are root canal enthusiasts do opt for undertaking endodontic retreatment procedures. This survey helps us understand the practice trends and attitude of dentists undertaking endodontic retreatment procedures in and around Mumbai city.

Materials and Methods:
Questionnaires pertaining to endodontic retreatment were randomly distributed (hard copy/soft copy) to 1000 practicing dentists in and around Mumbai city. The questionnaire survey was divided into Part A: involving basic details such as name, demographic information, and clinical experience of the dentist and Part B: a set of questions based on assessing the trends, techniques, materials, and opinions of dentists regarding endodontic retreatment. Only those dentists who treated endodontic retreatment patients were asked to fill the Part B form. A response rate of 60.2% was achieved.

Results:
Out of total 602 participants, 49% of dentists (295) reported to undertake endodontic retreatment cases. Among the 295 respondents, 46.11% were Endodontists (ENs) while 53.8% were BDS or MDS of other specialties (ODs). Most dentists preferred multi-visit retreatment and prescribed antibiotics only in specific cases. Radiovisiography was the most preferred imaging aid. Calcium hydroxide and 3% sodium hypochlorite were favored choices for intracanal medicament and irrigant, respectively. Cold lateral compaction obturation technique was most common. Advanced equipment such as microscopes, loupes, ultrasonics, retreatment files, and thermoplastic obturations were more prevalent among ENs as compared to ODs.

Conclusion:
This study found some differences in endodontic retreatment practice trends among ENs and other dentists. But overall, most clinicians followed the international norms and are updated in recent advances in materials and techniques used in endodontic retreatment.
A Spectrophotometric comparative evaluation of the sealing ability of various perforation repair materials with a novel eggshell modified GIC
Authors: Abraham Sathish , Chandwani Ekta Dharmendra , Nagmode Pradnya , Lokhande Nitin , Badgujar Manish Bhaskar , Diggikar Kshitija 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Objectives:
The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare the sealing ability of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), Biodentine, glass ionomer cement, and glass ionomer cement modified with Chicken Eggshell Powder when used as furcation perforation repair material.

Materials and Methods:
In the present study, 80 human lower first molars were used. Collected teeth had no caries or restoration, and none had fused roots. Every molar had an endodontic access cavity made utilizing a high-speed, long-shank round bur for the initial entry and an Endo-Z for lateral extension and finishing the cavity walls. Each canal’s orifice was covered with a temporary filling material. The pulpal floor and cavity walls of every molar were thoroughly coated with two successive coats of clear nail polish. A significant perforation was made between the orifices to the furcation area using a high-speed long shank round bur #4. The perforation centered between the mesial and distal orifice. They were divided into four experimental groups: Group I: 20 molars were repaired using MTA, Group II: 20 molars with Biodentine, Group III: 20 molars were repaired with glass ionomer cement, and Group IV was repaired using glass ionomer cement modified with 7% chicken eggshell powder. Moist cotton pellets were placed over the repair materials, and molars were kept in 100% humidity for 24 h to allow materials to set. Then, according to each group, molars were put in Petri dishes. Methylene blue dye was applied inside the access cavity of all samples for 24 h. Molars were placed under running tap water for 30 min to remove all residues of methylene blue, and then varnish was removed with a Parker blade #15 and polishing discs. Molars were placed in vials containing 1 mL of concentrated (65 wt%) nitric acid for 3 days. Vials were centrifuged at 14,000 rpm for 5 min. The supernatant from each sample was transferred in a quantity of 200 L to a 96-well plate. Sample absorbance was read by an automatic microplate spectrophotometer at 550 nm using concentrated nitric acid as a blank. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way analysis of variance. When the analysis of variance test was significant, the pairwise comparison of the means was done using a Duncan post hoc test. The significance level was set at P < 0.05. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS 14.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) for Windows (Microsoft, Redmond, WA, USA).

Results:
The highest dye absorbance was seen in Group III, followed by Groups IV, II, and I.

Conclusion:
Within the limitations of study it was concluded that maximum sealing ability was seen in Biodentine followed by MTA, Glass Ionomer Cement modified with 7% Chicken Eggshell powder and Glass Ionomer Cement.
Holistic management of complicated crown fracture: A case series
Authors: Patil Madhuri , Hegde Vivek , Khan Mehrosh , Kharbe Nain , Ghunawat Dhananjay 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Coronal fractures of the anterior teeth give an agonizing experience for a young individual due to the physical disfigurement, and the psychological impact that is imposed on them. One of the options for managing complicated/uncomplicated crown fractures when the tooth fragment is available, and there is no or minimal violation of the biological width is the rebonding of the fractured segment. This treatment approach is promising, providing good and long-lasting esthetics as it helps in maintaining the tooth’s original anatomic form, hue, and surface texture. This article describes three case reports of successful reattachment of fractured tooth fragments. Following the root canal treatment procedures, prefabricated posts were cemented as intraradicular splint to reattach the fractured segments.
The effect of preparation design on fracture resistance of endodontically treated maxillary premolars restored with lithium disilicate computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing endocrowns: An in vitro study
Authors: Kazemi-Yazdi Haleh , Rezaei Sadaf , Seyedan Kaveh , Kazeminia Marjan , Rezaei Sina 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Purpose:
This study aimed to assess the effect of preparation design on fracture resistance (FR) of endodontically treated maxillary premolars restored with lithium disilicate (LDS) endocrowns fabricated by the computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) technology.

Materials and Methods:
In this in vitro, experimental study, 30 sound maxillary premolars were randomly assigned to three groups (n = 10) of control (no preparation), endocrown preparation with butt-joint design without ferrule, and endocrown preparation with ferrule (shoulder design with 1 mm height). After restoration fabrication and cementation, the teeth underwent thermocycling, were mounted with 45° angle, and subjected to compressive load in a universal testing machine to measure their FR. The mode of failure was also determined under a stereomicroscope. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test (α =0.05).

Results:
The shoulder group showed the highest FR (1768.98 ± 386.1 N). The difference in FR was statistically significant among the three groups (P < 0.05). Pairwise comparisons revealed that the shoulder group had significantly higher FR than the butt-joint (P = 0.001) and control (P = 0.009) groups. However, the difference in FR between the butt-joint and control groups was not significant (P = 0.75). The mode of failure was not significantly different among the three groups (P > 0.05).

Conclusions:
Preparation design had a significant effect on FR of endodontically treated maxillary premolars restored with LDS CAD/CAM Endocrowns, such that addition of a short axial wall in shoulder group significantly increased the FR of endocrowns.
Comparative clinical evaluation of two different formulated in-office newer desensitizing agents (Clinpro XT and Tokuyama Shield Force Plus) in reducing dentin hypersensitivity – A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Paramesh Yelloji , Durgabhavani Gondi , Suneelkumar Chinni , Gonapa Prasanthi , Rathod Ramawat Tejasree 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Aim:
The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of two various in-office newer desensitizing agents in reducing dentinal hypersensitivity in patients with mild-to-moderate sensitivity for a 1-month follow-up.

Materials and Methods:
Forty subjects with cervical dentin hypersensitivity (otherwise healthy patients) were included. A split-mouth, randomized clinical trial was conducted. A Visual Analog Scale (VAS) was used to record the initial sensitivity levels at the baseline visit. Each individual has been exposed to thermal (ethyl chloride spray) and evaporative (air blast) stimuli to elicit sensitivity. A single application of two different in-office desensitizing agents, Clinpro XT Varnish (3M ESPE, Minnesota, USA) and Shield Force Plus (Tokuyama Dental, Tokyo, Japan), was done. The sensitivity scores were recorded after the application of the desensitizing agent immediately, after 1 week, and after 1 month using both air and cold stimuli in the same manner as initially.

Results:
Mean VAS scores represent teeth that were more sensitive to cold stimuli compared to air blasts in both groups. For both stimuli at all-time intervals except baseline, there is a significant difference between CXT and SFP, with low mean VAS scores for CXT. Post hoc analysis revealed that in the CXT group, there is a significant difference in mean VAS score between pre-and postintervention at all-time intervals except between immediate and 1-week time intervals (P < 0.001) but only at immediate and 1-week time intervals in SFP.

Conclusion:
Clinpro XT Varnish is more efficient compared to Shield Force Plus at all-time points irrespective of the stimuli after a 1-month follow-up.
Endodontic retreatment efficacy with and without solvents: A systematic review
Authors: Shah Tanvi , Ramesh Sindhu , Sugumaran Surendar , Choudhari Sahil 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Introduction:
This systematic review investigates the crucial need for solvent use in root canal retreatment, as it effectively removes filling materials, reduces apical debris extrusion, and alleviates postoperative pain, ultimately enhancing treatment success. The review aims to assess the success rates, compare outcomes, explore benefits and drawbacks, and identify subgroups where solvent use may be more effective during root canal retreatment.

Materials and Methods:
The search was performed in PubMed Central, Scopus, Cochrane, LILAC, ScienceDirect, Google Search, Web of Science, and manually using the search items alone and in combination by means of PUBMED search builder. The studies were assessed for eligibility according to the eligibility criteria by two independent reviewers. Groups containing solvent with nonsolvent groups and randomized control trials were included and in vitro studies, retrospective studies, and animal studies were excluded from the study. Quality assessment was performed using the risk of bias (RoB) 2.0 tool.

Results:
Out of the 596 articles obtained, 14 were shortlisted for full-text reading and finally two articles were included in the study. The studies were assessed for quality, and data were extracted in a tabulated form. Overall RoB is low, but due to the lack of homogeneity, meta-analysis could not be conducted.

Conclusion:
The use of solvent does not cause any significant difference in the postoperative pain levels or analgesic intake for retrieval of gutta-percha in cases of root canal retreatment. Due to the limited number of studies available and the lack of clinician-related outcomes such as time taken to retrieve the gutta-percha, these results should be taken into consideration with caution.
The Perception and Practice of Routine Lingual Flap Retraction in Lower Third Molar Surgery among Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons in Nigeria
Authors: Edetanlen Ekaniyere Benlance , Lawani Ufadime , Akinniyi Taofeek , Ayanere Esther , Okechi Uchenna C. , Fomete Benjamin , Osunde Otasowie , Aladelusi Timothy Olukunle 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background:
Lingual nerve injury is a known complication of mandibular third molar (M3M) surgery, and retraction of the lingual flap is reported to reduce the incidence of this complication. However, there is no global consensus on the routine retraction of lingual flap.

Aim:
The aim of the study was to assess the perception and practice of lingual flap retraction amongst oral and maxillofacial surgeons in Nigeria.

Materials and Methods:
This cross-sectional national survey was conducted amongst 122 oral and maxillofacial surgeons in Nigeria from January 2023 to March 2023 using a validated, structured, self-administered questionnaire. The questionnaire had three sections and 14-item questions. Section A consists of the sociodemographic questions, Section B comprises questions on perception towards lingual flap retraction, whereas Section C consists of questions on the practice of lingual flap retraction. These questionnaires were deployed as an online survey and as hard copies. Both qualitative and quantitative data were analysed. A critical probability level (P < 0.05) was used as the cut-off level for statistical significance.

Results:
Most of the participants (47.6%) belong to the age group of 31–40 years. The male-to-female ratio was 6:1. Only 12 (9.8%) participants had a positive perception towards routine lingual flap retractions following M3M surgery. Perception of lingual flap retraction was found not to be associated with the demographic variables of the participants (P > 0.05). A total of 95 participants (77.9%) did not raise nor retract the lingual flap during lower third molar surgery. The rate of practice of lingual flap retraction during third molar surgery was not influenced by any of the factors studied (P > 0.05).

Conclusion:
The majority of oral and maxillofacial surgeons in Nigeria do not agree that routine retraction of the lingual flap is necessary to reduce lingual nerve injury and majority, too, do not practice this in their management of impacted lower third molar.
Association between Periodontal Inflamed Surface Area and Systemic Inflammatory Biomarkers among Pre-dialysis Chronic Kidney Disease Patients
Authors: Onabanjo Olusoji Ayodele , Nwhator Solomon Olusegun , Arogundade Fatiu A. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background:
Several studies have shown an association between chronic kidney disease (CKD) and periodontitis. However, only few studies have quantified the burden of periodontal inflammation in pre-dialysis CKD patients. The aim of this study was to determine the association between periodontal inflamed surface area (PISA) and systemic inflammatory biomarkers among pre-dialysis CKD patients.

Materials and Methods:
120 pre-dialysis CKD participants were recruited into this study. 60 participants constituted Group A (those with periodontitis) while 60 participants constituted Group B (those without periodontitis). Full periodontal examination was carried out in the participants for the estimation of PISA. Blood samples also collected to determine levels of high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in all participants. Independent t-test was used to compare means of PISA, hsCRP and IL-6 levels in the two groups. Pearson correlation analysis was used to determine association between PISA and (hsCRP and IL-6).

Results:
The mean value of hsCRP was significantly higher in Group A compared to Group B (3.41 mg/L vs. 2.18 mg/L). PISA moderately correlated with hsCRP (r = 0.4, P < 0.01) in both groups. hsCRP also moderately correlated with IL-6 (r = 0.6, P < 0.001) in both groups.

Conclusion:
This study demonstrates that there was an association between PISA and hsCRP. Increased hsCRP level in Group A revealed the inflammatory burden imposed by periodontitis.
Exploring Artificial Intelligence in the Nigerian Medical Educational Space: An Online Cross-sectional Study of Perceptions, Risks and Benefits among Students and Lecturers from Ten Universities
Authors: Oluwadiya Kehinde Sunday , Adeoti Adekunle Olatayo , Agodirin Sulaiman Olayide , Nottidge Timothy Eyo , Usman Mustapha Ibrahim , Gali Mtaku Bata , Onyemaechi Ndubuisi Onu , Ramat Ali Mohammed , Adedire Adejare , Zakari Lawal Ya’u 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background:
The impact of artificial intelligence (AI) has been compared to that of the Internet and printing, evoking both apprehension and anticipation in an uncertain world.

Objective:
This study aimed to explore the perceptions of medical students and faculty members from ten universities across Nigeria regarding AI.

Methods:
Using Google Forms and WhatsApp, a cross-sectional online survey was administered to clinical year medical students and their lecturers from ten medical schools representing all the six geopolitical zones of Nigeria.

Results:
The survey received 1003 responses, of which 708 (70.7%) were from students and 294 (29.3%) were from lecturers. Both groups displayed an average level of knowledge, with students (Median:4, range −5 to 12) significantly outperforming lecturers (Median:3, range −5 to 15). Social media (61.2%) was the most common form of first contact with AI. Participants demonstrated a favourable attitude towards AI, with a median score of 6.8 out of 10. Grammar checkers (62.3%) were the most commonly reported AI tool used, while ChatGPT (43.6%) was the most frequently mentioned dedicated AI tool. Students were significantly more likely than lecturers to have used AI tools in the past but <5% of both groups had received prior AI training. Excitement about the potential of AI slightly outweighed concerns regarding future risks. A significantly higher proportion of students compared to lecturers believed that AI could dehumanise health care (70.6% vs. 60.8%), render physicians redundant (57.6% vs. 34.7%), diminish physicians’ skills (79.3% vs. 71.3%) and ultimately harm patients (28.6% vs. 20.6%).

Conclusion:
The simultaneous fascination and apprehension with AI observed among both lecturers and students in our study mirrors the global trend. This finding was particularly evident in students who, despite possessing greater knowledge of AI compared to their lecturers, did not exhibit a corresponding reduction in their fear of AI.
Pattern of Indications for Tracheostomy in a Tertiary Hospital in South Western Nigeria
Authors: Bamigboye Babatunde A. , Akinola Moronke Doris , Adesiyakan Adedotun , Ogunbiyi Agboola Adebowale , Asoegwu Chinyere N. , Akinola Moses Ayodele , Somefun Abayomi Oladapo , Nwawolo Clement Chukwuemeka 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Introduction:
Tracheostomy is a life-saving procedure; the benefits and frequency of procedures being performed have led to frequent reviews of indication in many regions of the world. The aim is to establish the indications, diagnosis and complications of tracheostomy performed in the past 10 years in a tertiary hospital in Lagos.

Methods:
This is a 10-year retrospective study of all patients who had tracheostomies for various indications from 2010 to 2019. Patient medical records were analysed for demographic profile, diagnosis, indication, elective or emergency tracheostomy, surgeon’s rank, technique of decannulation and type of complications. All the variables in the data were imputed and analyzed using the IBM Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 27. Continuous variables were presented as mean and standard deviation, whereas categorical variables were presented as frequency and percentage.

Results:
Four hundred and eighty-six tracheostomies were carried out during the period under review, and 440 patients had complete data retrieved. The age group of 0–9 years constituted the most common age for tracheostomy (18%). The most common indication for tracheostomy was for relief of upper airway obstruction in 53.4%. Neoplasms (40%) and trauma (30.7%) constituted primary diagnosis requiring tracheostomies. Amongst the paediatric age group with upper airway obstruction, infections (31.8%) and foreign body inhalation (24.3%) constituted the most common primary diagnosis. Stoma infection and peristomal granulation tissue were the most common early complication (21.8%) and late complication (43.4%), respectively.

Conclusion:
Relief of upper airway obstruction from neoplasm remains the most common indication for tracheostomy, and peristomal granulation infection was the most common complication.
Preinvestigation psychological state and related demographic factors as predictors of pain perception in women undergoing hysterosalpingography
Authors: Adeyekun Ademola A. , Koleoso Olaide N. , Akanni Oluyemi O. 
Published: November 2023

BACKGROUND:
The majority of women described hysterosalpingography (HSG) as a painful procedure. There is little information on the features of HSG-associated pain and factors that predispose to increased pain experience.

OBJECTIVES:
This study investigated preprocedure psychological state and related demographic factors as predictors of pain perception in women undergoing HSG.

METHODS:
The sample included 99 women selected through consecutive sampling at the Radiology Department, University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Nigeria. The study utilized a cross-sectional survey design to collect data using Spielberger's State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Zung Self-rating Depression Scale, and Visual Analog Scale for the perception of pain and state anxiety.

RESULTS:
The women with lower state anxiety reported significantly lower pain perception (X̅ = 6.69) than the women with high anxiety (X̅ = 7.93). Trait anxiety, state anxiety, and depression jointly predicted pain perception among the women undergoing HSG, with R
2 = 0.117, F (3,95) = 6.797; P < 0.001. They collectively accounted for about 17.7% variance in pain perception.

CONCLUSION:
Patients being prepared for the HSG procedure can be educated on concerns related to anxiety and coping strategies and be provided with anxiolytics or other medication as clinically indicated.
Substrate‐integrated‐waveguide cavity‐backed circularly polarized antenna with enhanced bandwidth and gain
Authors: Patil Shankaragouda M. , Venkatesan Rajeshkumar 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWe propose a method for increasing the bandwidth of a substrate‐integrated‐waveguide (SIW) cavity‐backed antenna with taper‐based microstrip SIW transition feeding. For radio transmission, a circular slot is etched on top of the SIW cavity. For optimal antenna design, the slot is etched slightly away from the cavity center to generate circularly polarized waves. Simulations show a wide axial ratio bandwidth of 7.860% between 11.02 GHz and 11.806 GHz. Experimental results confirm a similar wide axial ratio bandwidth of 4.9% between 10.8 GHz and 11.35 GHz. An SIW feed from an inductive window excites the radiating circular slot, resulting in a simulated wide impedance range of 1.548 GHz (10.338 GHz–11.886 GHz) and bandwidth of 13.93%. Experimental results show a wide impedance of 2.08 GHz (10.2 GHz–12.08 GHz) and bandwidth of 18.84%. The SIW cavity‐backed antenna creates a unidirectional pattern, leading to gains of 6.61 dBi and 7.594 dBi in simulations and experiments, respectively. The proposed antenna was fabricated on a Rogers RT/Duroid 5880 substrate, and the reflection coefficient, radiation patterns, and gains were tested and compared using a computer simulator. The developed broadband antenna seems suitable for X‐band applications.