bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simulations of Io Plasma Torus Around Jupiter: Predictions for Lenghu Observatory
Authors: Tan Xiaoyi , He Fei , Kagitani Masato , Zhao Yong , Yao Zhonghua , Rong Zhaojin , Wei Yong 
Published: November 2023

AbstractCharacterizing the temporal evolution of the three‐dimensional structure of the Io plasma torus is essential to understand the dynamics of the Jovian magnetosphere. Optical imaging is a powerful tool to uncover the global torus structure. Currently, two ground‐based optical telescopes with diameters of 0.8 and 1.8 m, respectively, are under construction at the Lenghu Observatory for Planetary Science on the Tibetan Plateau of China, to systematically observe the Io plasma torus at wavelengths between 392 and 1,100 nm. These telescopes will begin to operate in the end of 2023. In order to support the inversion and scientific interpretation of the Io plasma torus images, we perform systematic simulations of the Io plasma torus in this work. First, a three‐dimensional model of electron and ion densities and electron temperature is constructed first. Then, the emissions of O+ 372.7 nm, O+ 372.9 nm, S+ 406.9 nm, S+ 671.8 nm, S+ 673.1 nm, and S++ 953.2 nm are simulated from the perspective of observing from the Earth. The simulated emission intensities and distributions are consistent with previous observations. This work provides a state‐of‐the‐art convenient tool for ground‐based telescope observation of the Io plasma torus at a specific site and time and also benefits future inversion of images to obtain physical parameters of Io plasma torus.
Distinguishing Electromagnetic Ion Cyclotron (EMIC) Waves From Other Pc1 Signatures in Satellite Recordings by Means of the Swarm Satellite Constellation
Authors: Lühr Hermann , Zhou Yun‐Liang 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn this study we make use of the closely spaced Swarm A and C spacecraft to determine the main wave parameters of micro‐pulsation in the Pc1 range. Generally, the interpretation of wave events in satellite recordings suffers from the spatial/temporal ambiguity of such data. To resolve that problem, we use for the first time in the 0.2–5 Hz apparent frequency range high‐resolution magnetic field data from the Swarm A/C spacecraft pair. Particularly suitable for this analysis is the period of Counter Rotating Orbit Phase in 2021. During that period the along‐track distance between the spacecraft was varied from 2 to 40 s. Surprisingly many of the wavy signals at middle latitudes were identified as small‐scale (order of 10s km) quasi‐static field‐aligned current (FAC) structures. Some of the events turned out to be medium‐scale (100–200 km) waves oscillating at 1 Hz or less. A number of published electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves were checked on their consistency. One characteristic is their long wavelength (∼1,000 km). About half of the cases passed the check, the other did not satisfy the spatial homogeneity. The small‐scale FAC structures we believe to be driven by atmospheric gravity waves. While the medium‐scale waves we prefer to relate to the effects of the ionospheric Alfvén resonator.
Drivers of Cloud Condensation Nuclei in the Eastern North Atlantic as Observed at the ARM Site
Authors: Ghate Virendra P. , Surleta Thomas , Magaritz‐Ronen Leehi , Raveh‐Rubin Shira , Gallo Francesca , Carlton Annmarie G. , Azevedo Eduardo B. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractSeven years of data collected at the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement's Eastern North Atlantic (ENA) site are analyzed to understand the controls of Cloud Condensation Nuclei (CCN) concentrations in the region. Day‐night differences in the aerosol data as segregated by wind direction demonstrate the aerosol observations to be impacted by local emissions when the wind direction (wdir) is between 90° and 310° (measured clockwise from the North where air is coming from). Data collected during marine conditions (wdir <90° or wdir >310°) show the CCN concentrations to be higher in the summer months as compared to the winter months. CCN budget analysis revealed advection and precipitation scavenging being primarily responsible for modulating the CCN concentrations at the site on monthly timescales, with rain rates driving the precipitation scavenging term. High (greater than 75th percentile) and low (lower than 25th percentile) CCN events were identified for each month to characterize the sub‐monthly variability of CCN concentrations. Low CCN events had thicker clouds, stronger rain rates, and lower reanalysis reported free‐tropospheric aerosol pseudo number concentration at the ENA site as compared to the high CCN events. Analysis of satellite data of air‐parcels 48 hr prior to their arrival at the ENA site demonstrated the air parcels during low CCN events to encounter higher cloudiness, stronger rain rates, and higher cloud top heights as compared to the high CCN events. The results presented herein provide key constraints for model evaluation studies and climatological studies conducted at the ENA site.
Stochastic Simulations of Bed Topography Constrain Geothermal Heat Flow and Subglacial Drainage Near Dome Fuji, East Antarctica
Authors: Shackleton Calvin , Matsuoka Kenichi , Moholdt Geir , Van Liefferinge Brice , Paden John 
Published: November 2023

AbstractTopographic variability beneath ice sheets regulates ice flow, basal melting, refreezing processes, and meltwater drainage. The preservation of old ice layers and basal ice stratigraphy is sensitive to these subglacial processes, and Dome Fuji, inland East Antarctica, is one of the few regions where 1.5‐Ma old ice can be preserved for investigating a major climatic change that occurred in the mid‐Pleistocene. We used stochastic simulation methods and radar data to generate an ensemble of simulated bed topography with the continuous and realistic roughness necessary to assess basal conditions. Ensemble analysis reveals the magnitude and spatial distribution of topographic uncertainty, facilitating uncertainty‐constrained assessments of subglacial drainage and topographic adjustments to geothermal heat flow (GHF). We find that topographic variability can lead to widespread local GHF variations of ±20% of the background value, which aggregate to raise the regional value and suggest previously underestimated distributions and rates of basal melting. We also find that survey profile spacing has an increasing influence on topographic uncertainty for rougher bed, deriving an empirical relationship that could guide future survey planning based on uncertainty tolerance.
Transitions in Dissolved Organic Phosphorus and Dissolved Organic Carbon Across a Freshwater Estuary Gradient
Authors: King Sarah S. E. , Frost Paul C. , Watson Susan B. , Xenopoulos Marguerite A. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractDespite the significant role that dissolved organic phosphorus (DOP) plays in ecosystem productivity, efforts to characterize inputs of phosphorus (P) into lakes have largely ignored P fractions complexed to dissolved organic matter (DOM). To address this gap, we characterized DOP and DOM along a transect of a Lake Erie tributary (Kettle Creek) from the headwaters to the rivermouth and into the nearshore and offshore central basin. DOM and DOP characteristics impart a chemical fingerprint that is useful for determining source and production in aquatic ecosystems. We analyzed DOM composition and concentration (DOC; organic carbon) in addition to DOP as phosphomonoesters (MP; predominantly terrestrial in origin) and phosphodiesters (DP; microbially‐produced), along with other water quality parameters. DOM and DOC within the river were relatively invariant. While there were no consistent trends in riverine MP and DP, an impoundment on the river appeared to act as a sink for some soluble P forms and a potential source of DP. At the rivermouth, we observed a rapid decrease in DOC, DOP, and total P and a shift to more autochthonous‐like DOM, though the decrease in DP was weaker. Relative to in‐flowing river water, P pools in nearshore and offshore Lake Erie were enriched in DOP, especially DP. DOP accounted for up to 42% of total P in Kettle Creek and up to 92% in Lake Erie's central basin. Our work shows the importance of considering DOP in P management efforts as its dynamics differ from those of other, more commonly measured P forms.
Liver X receptor alpha ensures blood-brain barrier function by suppressing SNAI2
Authors: Vacondio D. , Nogueira Pinto H. , Coenen L. , Mulder I. A. , Fontijn R. , van het Hof B. , Fung W. K. , Jongejan A. , Kooij G. , Zelcer N. , Rozemuller A. J. , de Vries H. E. , de Wit N. M. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn Alzheimer’s disease (AD) more than 50% of the patients are affected by capillary cerebral amyloid-angiopathy (capCAA), which is characterized by localized hypoxia, neuro-inflammation and loss of blood-brain barrier (BBB) function. Moreover, AD patients with or without capCAA display increased vessel number, indicating a reactivation of the angiogenic program. The molecular mechanism(s) responsible for BBB dysfunction and angiogenesis in capCAA is still unclear, preventing a full understanding of disease pathophysiology. The Liver X receptor (LXR) family, consisting of LXRα and LXRβ, was reported to inhibit angiogenesis and particularly LXRα was shown to secure BBB stability, suggesting a major role in vascular function. In this study, we unravel the regulatory mechanism exerted by LXRα to preserve BBB integrity in human brain endothelial cells (BECs) and investigate its role during pathological conditions. We report that LXRα ensures BECs identity via constitutive inhibition of the transcription factor SNAI2. Accordingly, deletion of brain endothelial LXRα is associated with impaired DLL4-NOTCH signalling, a critical signalling pathway involved in vessel sprouting. A similar response was observed when BECs were exposed to hypoxia, with concomitant LXRα decrease and SNAI2 increase. In support of our cell-based observations, we report a general increase in vascular SNAI2 in the occipital cortex of AD patients with and without capCAA. Importantly, SNAI2 strongly associated with vascular amyloid-beta deposition and angiopoietin-like 4, a marker for hypoxia. In hypoxic capCAA vessels, the expression of LXRα may decrease leading to an increased expression of SNAI2, and consequently BECs de-differentiation and sprouting. Our findings indicate that LXRα is essential for BECs identity, thereby securing BBB stability and preventing aberrant angiogenesis. These results uncover a novel molecular pathway essential for BBB identity and vascular homeostasis providing new insights on the vascular pathology affecting AD patients.
Peculiar transient behaviors of organic electrochemical transistors governed by ion injection directionality
Authors: Kim Ji Hwan , Halaksa Roman , Jo Il-Young , Ahn Hyungju , Gilhooly-Finn Peter A. , Lee Inho , Park Sungjun , Nielsen Christian B. , Yoon Myung-Han 
Published: November 2023

AbstractDespite the growing interest in dynamic behaviors at the frequency domain, there exist very few studies on molecular orientation-dependent transient responses of organic mixed ionic–electronic conductors. In this research, we investigated the effect of ion injection directionality on transient electrochemical transistor behaviors by developing a model mixed conductor system. Two polymers with similar electrical, ionic, and electrochemical characteristics but distinct backbone planarities and molecular orientations were successfully synthesized by varying the co-monomer unit (2,2’-bithiophene or phenylene) in conjunction with a novel 1,4-dithienylphenylene-based monomer. The comprehensive electrochemical analysis suggests that the molecular orientation affects the length of the ion-drift pathway, which is directly correlated with ion mobility, resulting in peculiar OECT transient responses. These results provide the general insight into molecular orientation-dependent ion movement characteristics as well as high-performance device design principles with fine-tuned transient responses.
Systematic characterization of the HOXA9 downstream targets in MLL-r leukemia by noncoding CRISPR screens
Authors: Wright Shaela , Zhao Xujie , Rosikiewicz Wojciech , Mryncza Shelby , Hyle Judith , Qi Wenjie , Liu Zhenling , Yi Siqi , Cheng Yong , Xu Beisi , Li Chunliang 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAccumulating evidence indicates that HOXA9 dysregulation is necessary and sufficient for leukemic transformation and maintenance. However, it remains largely unknown how HOXA9, as a homeobox transcriptional factor, binds to noncoding regulatory sequences and controls the downstream genes. Here, we conduct dropout CRISPR screens against 229 HOXA9-bound peaks identified by ChIP-seq. Integrative data analysis identifies reproducible noncoding hits, including those located in the distal enhancer of FLT3 and intron of CDK6. The Cas9-editing and dCas9-KRAB silencing of the HOXA9-bound sites significantly reduce corresponding gene transcription and impair cell proliferation in vitro, and in vivo by transplantation into NSG female mice. In addition, RNA-seq, Q-PCR analysis, chromatin accessibility change, and chromatin conformation evaluation uncover the noncoding regulation mechanism of HOXA9 and its functional downstream genes. In summary, our work improves our understanding of how HOXA9-associated transcription programs reconstruct the regulatory network specifying MLL-r dependency.
Adults on pre-exposure prophylaxis (tenofovir-emtricitabine) have faster clearance of anti-HIV monoclonal antibody VRC01
Authors: Huang Yunda , Zhang Lily , Karuna Shelly , Andrew Philip , Juraska Michal , Weiner Joshua A. , Angier Heather , Morgan Evgenii , Azzam Yasmin , Swann Edith , Edupuganti Srilatha , Mgodi Nyaradzo M. , Ackerman Margaret E. , Donnell Deborah , Gama Lucio , Anderson Peter L. , Koup Richard A. , Hural John , Cohen Myron S. , Corey Lawrence , McElrath M. Juliana , Gilbert Peter B. , Lemos Maria P. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBroadly neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are being developed for HIV-1 prevention. Hence, these mAbs and licensed oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) (tenofovir-emtricitabine) can be concomitantly administered in clinical trials. In 48 US participants (men and transgender persons who have sex with men) who received the HIV-1 mAb VRC01 and remained HIV-free in an antibody-mediated-prevention trial (ClinicalTrials.gov #NCT02716675), we conduct a post-hoc analysis and find that VRC01 clearance is 0.08 L/day faster (p = 0.005), and dose-normalized area-under-the-curve of VRC01 serum concentration over-time is 0.29 day/mL lower (p < 0.001) in PrEP users (n = 24) vs. non-PrEP users (n = 24). Consequently, PrEP users are predicted to have 14% lower VRC01 neutralization-mediated prevention efficacy against circulating HIV-1 strains. VRC01 clearance is positively associated (r = 0.33, p = 0.03) with levels of serum intestinal Fatty Acid Binding protein (I-FABP), a marker of epithelial intestinal permeability, which is elevated upon starting PrEP (p = 0.04) and after months of self-reported use (p = 0.001). These findings have implications for the evaluation of future HIV-1 mAbs and postulate a potential mechanism for mAb clearance in the context of PrEP.
Label-free identification of protein aggregates using deep learning
Authors: Ibrahim Khalid A. , Grußmayer Kristin S. , Riguet Nathan , Feletti Lely , Lashuel Hilal A. , Radenovic Aleksandra 
Published: November 2023

AbstractProtein misfolding and aggregation play central roles in the pathogenesis of various neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs), including Huntington’s disease, which is caused by a genetic mutation in exon 1 of the Huntingtin protein (Httex1). The fluorescent labels commonly used to visualize and monitor the dynamics of protein expression have been shown to alter the biophysical properties of proteins and the final ultrastructure, composition, and toxic properties of the formed aggregates. To overcome this limitation, we present a method for label-free identification of NDD-associated aggregates (LINA). Our approach utilizes deep learning to detect unlabeled and unaltered Httex1 aggregates in living cells from transmitted-light images, without the need for fluorescent labeling. Our models are robust across imaging conditions and on aggregates formed by different constructs of Httex1. LINA enables the dynamic identification of label-free aggregates and measurement of their dry mass and area changes during their growth process, offering high speed, specificity, and simplicity to analyze protein aggregation dynamics and obtain high-fidelity information.
Sustainable healthy diet modeling for a plant-based dietary transitioning in the United States
Authors: Aidoo Raphael , Abe-Inge Vincent , Kwofie Ebenezer M. , Baum Jamie I. , Kubow Stan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe potential environmental and nutritional benefits of plant-based dietary shifts require thorough investigation to outline suitable routes to achieve these benefits. Whereas dietary consumption is usually in composite forms, sustainable healthy diet assessments have not adequately addressed composite diets. In this study, we build on available data in the Food4HealthyLife calculator to develop 3 dietary concepts (M) containing 24 model composite diet scenarios (S) assessed for their environmental and nutritional performances. The Health Nutritional Index (HENI) and Food Compass scoring systems were used for nutritional quality profiling and estimates of environmental impact were derived from previously reported midpoint impact values for foods listed in the What We Eat in America database. The diets were ranked using the Kruskal‒Wallis nonparametric test, and a dual-scale data chart was employed for a trade-off analysis to identify the optimal composite diet scenario. The results showcased a distinct variation in ranks for each scenario on the environment and nutrition scales, describing an inherent nonlinear relationship between environmental and nutritional performances. However, trade-off analysis revealed a diet with 10% legumes, 0.11% red meat, 0.28% processed meat and 2.81% white meat could reduce global warming by 54.72% while yielding a diet quality of 74.13 on the Food Compass Scoring system. These observations provide an interesting forecast of the benefits of transitioning to an optimal plant- and animal-based dieting pattern, which advances global nutritional needs and environmental stewardship among consumers.
Healthy ageing: Herpes zoster infection and the role of zoster vaccination
Authors: Curran Desmond , Doherty T. Mark , Lecrenier Nicolas , Breuer Thomas 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPopulations are ageing worldwide, with considerable time lived in ill-health, putting upwards pressure on healthcare budgets. Healthy ageing is defined as maintaining functional ability, including the ability to: meet basic needs; learn, grow and make decisions; be mobile; build and maintain relationships; and contribute to society. The risk and impact of infectious diseases increase with age due to immunosenescence. Vaccination can help to prevent disease in older adults, promoting healthy ageing and active lives. Herpes zoster (HZ) occurs when the varicella zoster virus is reactivated due to declining immunity. HZ is common, with a lifetime risk of one-third, and increases in incidence with age. HZ is associated with severe and intense pain, substantially affecting the functional status of patients as well as their overall health-related quality of life. HZ and its complications may result in prolonged morbidity, including persistent pain (post-herpetic neuralgia, PHN), hearing impairment, vision loss and increased risk of stroke and myocardial infarction. HZ and PHN are difficult to treat, substantiating the benefits of prevention. Vaccines to prevent HZ include a recombinant zoster vaccine (RZV). RZV has shown efficacy against the HZ burden of disease and HZ burden of interference on activities of daily living of over 90% in immunocompetent adults aged ≥50 years. Vaccine efficacy against HZ was maintained at over 70% at 10 years post-vaccination. Adult vaccination, including against HZ, has the potential to reduce burden of disease, thus helping to maintain functioning and quality of life to support healthy ageing in older adults.
The foraging ecology of yellow-billed and red- billed choughs changed between two climatically different years
Authors: Rolando Antonio , Basso Cecilia , Brunelli Nicolò , Bocca Massimo , Laini Alex 
Published: November 2023

AbstractClimate change is affecting the alpine ecosystem at an unprecedented rate, with marked changes in spring phenology and the elevation distribution of birds. Changes in the European Alps are happening rapidly, and it is possible behaviours stand to change from one year to the next. The year 2022 was characterised by climatic extremes: Italy experienced its hottest year ever, and it was the driest since 1800. Here, we assessed whether the foraging ecology of two coexisting upland bird species, the yellow-billed and the red-billed chough, changed from 2021 to 2022. We assessed foraging stay times, flock size, propensity to mixed flocking, foraging home ranges and altitudinal distribution. Stay times of both species when foraging in monospecific flocks significantly shortened in 2022, especially in the case of the red-billed chough. The two corvids are known to influence each other when foraging together. In 2021, as expected, the stay times of the red-billed chough decreased when in the presence of the congener, but this did not occur in 2022. Instead, the yellow-billed chough increased its altitudinal foraging distribution in 2022. The results are in line with the hypothesis that large climate variations may disrupt the foraging ecology of mountain birds. However, as it is not possible to draw solid conclusions from just two years of observations, further field research will have to be planned in the future.
Investigation of physicochemical and sensory characteristics of low calorie sponge cake made from flaxseed mucilage and flaxseed flour
Authors: Ahmadinia Fariba , Mohtarami Forogh , Esmaiili Mohsen , Pirsa Sajad 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis research aimed to extract flaxseed mucilage (FM) and investigate its rheological properties (static and dynamic tests) compared with animal oil. In the next stage, the D-optimal design was applied to investigate the effect of FM (0–60%) and FF (0–30%) replacements with animal oil and cake flour, respectively on the sponge cake's physicochemical, textural, and sensory properties. According to the flow behavior test, FM showed Newtonian behavior while animal oil had pseudoplastic behavior. The results of the dynamic test showed with an increase in frequency, the loss modulus (G״) and storage modulus (Gʹ) of samples increased. However, Gʹ was higher than G״ in all samples. By replacement of FM and FF, the moisture content, water activity, antioxidant capacity, crumb hardness, and cohesiveness of the samples increased while springiness, crust hardness, and specific volume decreased (P < 0.05). Lightness of samples with replacement of FF decreased (P < 0.05). The overall acceptance score was enhanced with an increase in FM substitution while it was decreased with the replacement of FF (P < 0.05). The amounts of fat, calories, and peroxide values were decreased in sponge cake with the incorporation of FF and FM (P < 0.05). In general, the substitution of FM (60%) and FF (28%) in the cake formulation as an optimized sample to make new products with low-calorie content is possible without significant decreases in product quality.