bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantitative ARXPS investigation of systems with ultrathin aluminium oxide layers
Authors: Kozłowska M. , Reiche R. , Oswald S. , Vinzelberg H. , Hübner R. , Wetzig K. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractAngle‐resolved x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (ARXPS) is a non‐destructive method to investigate the near‐surface structure of specimens with a flat surface. For interpretation of the electron intensities emitted from different depth regions, model calculations are necessary. Based on an earlier algorithm we have developed a program for ARXPS studies of thin multilayers.In our model calculation the sample structure is treated as consisting of several layers (one to three) on the substrate, whereas the top layer can be incomplete. Emitted electrons are assumed to be attenuated exponentially in the layers. Different atomic volumes, electron attenuation lengths (including consideration of elastic scattering) and assumptions on stoichiometry are taken into account for the particular layers.As an application of our model calculations we present a study of a set of Al samples that were oxidized by different methods, i.e. natural and plasma oxidation (plasma obtained by electron cyclotron resonance). The oxide layers produced by plasma oxidation were protected by a 2 nm thick Co film, before exposing the samples to the air. Additionally, in order to check our results of the ARXPS model calculation, x‐ray reflectometry (XRR) analysis was used. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reaktionen von NaAlH4 mit primären Silylphosphanen und ‐arsanen: Synthese und Kristallstruktur eines cyclischen Natriumphosphanylalanats und eines polycyclischen Natriumarsanylalanats
Authors: von Hänisch Carsten , Rolli Birgit 
Published: October 2004

AbstractNatriumaluminiumhydrid reagiert mit H2PSiMe3 im molaren Verhältnis 1:4 zu der Verbindung [H2Al{P(SiMe3)2}2Na(dme)2] (1). Zentrales Strukturmotiv dieser Verbindung ist ein viergliedriger AlP2Na‐Ring, dessen Phosphoratome überraschenderweise zwei Silylsubstituenten aufweisen. Wird NaAlH4 mit dem primären Silylarsan H2AsSiiPr3 in THF umgesetzt, so bildet sich die ionische Verbindung 2, in der cyclische [(H2Al)3(AsSiiPr3)3]3‐‐Anionen sowohl über die freien Elektronenpaare der Arsenatome als auch über Hydridliganden an die Natriumgegenionen koordinieren.
Silyl‐functionalized Silsesquioxanes: New Building Blocks for Larger Si‐O‐Assemblies, including the First Si‐Si‐Bonded Silsesquioxanes
Authors: Gießmann Stephan , Fischer Axel , Edelmann Frank T. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractNovel silyl‐functionalized silsesquioxane building blocks have been prepared by treatment of Cy7Si7O9(OH)3 (1, Cy = c‐C6H11) with hexachlorodisilane or hexachlorodisiloxane, respectively, in the presence of triethylamine. Reactions in a 1:1 molar ratio afforded the trichlorosilyl‐functionalized silsesquioxane derivatives Cy7Si8O12SiCl3 (2) and Cy7Si8O12OSiCl3 (3). Related bis(silsesquioxanes), (Cy7Si8O12)2 (4) and (Cy7Si8O12)2O (5) are accessible in a similar manner by employing a 2:1 molar ratio of the reactands. Compound 1 also served as a starting material in the preparation of the partially closed silsesquioxane cages Cy7Si7O11(OH)SiMe2 (6) and Cy7Si7O11(OH)Si(OEt)2 (7), while the related condensation product Cy7Si7O10(OSiMe3) (9) was made by AlCl3‐catalyzed elimination of water from Cy7Si7O9(OH)2OSiMe3 (8). The molecular structure of 9 was determined by X‐ray diffraction.
Allylic Peroxidations with Bis(2‐pyridylimino)isoindolato‐Cobalt and ‐Iron Complexes
Authors: Meder Markus B. , Siggelkow Bettina A. , Gade Lutz H. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractSeveral novel substituted bis(2‐pyridylimino)isoindolato (BPI) cobalt(II) and iron(II) complexes [M(BPI)(OAc)(H2O)] (M = Co: 1 ‐ 6, Fe: 7) have been synthesized by reaction of bis(2‐pyridylimino)isoindole derivatives with the corresponding metal(II) acetates. Reaction of 1‐6 with 1.5 ‐ 2 molar equivalents of t‐BuOOH gave the corresponding alkylperoxocobalt(III) complexes [Co(BPI)(OAc)(OOtBu)] (10 ‐ 15). Using an aqueous solution of t‐BuOOH (70 %), cyclohexene was selectively catalytically oxidized to the dialkylperoxide cyclohex‐2‐ene‐1‐t‐butylperoxide.
From Kocher to Allgöwer: The International Society of Surgery/La Société Internationale de Chirurgie
Authors: Nyhus Lloyd M. 
Published: October 2004

ConclusionThe saga of the Society—from Kocher to Allgöwer‐rings with true accomplishment. As we near the end of our first complete century, we can look back with a sense of satisfaction. At the same time we must recognize that there still is much to do.I wish to paraphrase the words of Kocher's 1905 inaugural address:
Basic study on hepatic resection under partial perfusion cooling
Authors: Hamamoto Isao , Hossain Mohammad Akram , Okada Setsuo , Wakabayashi Hisao , Maeba Takashi , Tanaka Satoshi 
Published: October 2004

AbstractTo improve liver quality after reperfusion following partial hepatectomy under total or partial cooling of the liver (HPC), a new perfusion solution containing 100 mM l‐histidine (KM solution) was developed. The livers of Lewis rats were removed and perfused for 2 hours at 20°C with lactated Ringer's (LR) solution (group A) or the KM solution (group B). They were reperfused with rat blood at 37°C at a perfusion pressure of 5 cmH2O while monitoring the portal and peripheral tissue blood flows. At the end of reperfusion, bile production, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) secretion, and tissue adenosine triphosphate (ATP) was measured. Recovery of portal and peripheral tissue blood flows of the group B livers after reperfusion were significantly better than those of group A. Viability of the group B livers, assessed by bile production, tissue ATP value, and LDH release, was preserved better than that of group A livers. In situ total liver perfusion with LR (group C) and KM (group D) solutions for 1 hour at 20°C followed by partial hepatectomy of the left lateral lobe was performed. The 1‐week survivals of the group C and D rats were 25% and 100%, respectively (p<0.05). It was concluded that KM solution is suitable for HPC.
Pyogenic liver abscess: Studies of therapy and analysis of risk factors
Authors: Mischinger Haus‐Jörg , Hauser Hubert , Rabl Hans , Quehenberger Franz , Werkgartner Georg , Rubin Randy , Due Ernst 
Published: October 2004

AbstractExperience with 46 patients diagnosed with liver abscesses over a 13‐year period was reviewed to ascertain the impact of percutaneous versus surgical drainage. In most of the cases the abscesses were liagnosed by sonography or computed tomography. The most common pathogenetic mechanism was ascending biliary tract infection. Of the 46 total patients, 27 were primarily treated surgically, whereas 19 underwent percutaneous drainage. In the surgical group five (18.5%) patients required reoperation. Percutaneous drainage failed in four patients (21.1%). Multivariate stepwise logistic regression analysis revealed that a high APACHE II score, low hemoglobin level, and high serum bilirubin level were significant predictors of a complicated clinical course. Death was related more closely to the overall condition of the patient, as expressed by a high APACHE II score, and the underlying disease (malignancy) than to the mode of therapy.
Significant prognostic factors by multivariate analysis of 3926 gastric cancer patients
Authors: Kim Jin‐Pok , Kim Young‐Woo , Yang Han‐Kwang , Noh Dong‐Young 
Published: October 2004

AbstractUnivariate and multivariate analyses of 3926 selected gastric cancer patients collected between 1981 and 1991 were made to confirm several clinicopathologic prognostic factors and to evaluate the effectiveness of postoperative immunochemotherapy with OK‐432, 5‐FU, and mitomycin C in stage III gastric cancer. Five‐year survival rates for each category of prognostic variables were obtained; and in the univariate analysis, most of the factors (including age, depth of invasion, lymph node metastasis, location of primary tumor, histologic differentiation, and gross type except for sex) showed some significance. Multivariate analysis was conducted and verified significant prognostic factors. Depth of invasion and lymph node metastasis were found to be the most powerful factors (p<0.001); gross type, location, and histologic differentiation were additional significant factors (p<0.05). For postoperative treatment, immunochemosurgery was most effective in stage III patients (p<0.05). In conclusion, we may predict a prognosis for gastric cancer more precisely on the basis of these independent prognostic factors, and immunochemosurgery may be a valuable means to treat advanced gastric cancer.
Total gastrectomy for cancer: Is reconstruction or a gastric replacement reservoir essential?
Authors: Mendes de Almeida António Castro , Medina Dos Santos Noel , José Aldeia Fernando 
Published: October 2004

AbstractMalnutrition is a frequently observed complication of total gastrectomy. Does the mode of reconstructing the alimentary tract bear part of the responsibility? We assessed our experience from January 1975 to 1992 to analyze this issue. A series of 64 total gastrectomy patients [40 men, 24 women; aged 59±11 (SD) years] were considered. Preoperative and periodic follow‐up evaluations were prospectively documented: upper gastrointestinal series, endoscopic examination, complete blood count, serum and liver biochemistry profiles, serum proteins, tranferrin, serum iron and calcium, iron‐binding capacity, oral glucose tolerance test, ultrasonography or computed tomography, actual and ideal body weight and performance (AJCC/UICC) assessments. Symptoms were classified by means of Cuschieri's scoring system. Esophageal mucosal changes (edema, hyperemia, erosions, ulcerations) were documented on endoscopy. There were 36 of 58 operative survivors who had no evidence of tumor recurrence and were available for long‐term evaluation (12–132 months). An RY loop had been constructed in 25 patients, 5 with a Hunt pouch; 9 had an isoperistaltic jejunal interposition (IJI), 4 with a Kock pouch: and 2 bad a Braun loop. A 60 to 70 cm long jejunal limb was always utilized. Statistical analyses were obtained by means of the Student t‐test and the equality of medians test. Progressive malnutrition was observed in patients with the Braun (omega) loops, both patients displaying persistent esophagitis and dietary restrictions. Both recovered ideal body weight after remedial surgery that transformed the omega loop into an RY loop. Both RY and IJI loops effectively prevented alkaline esophagitis. The observed increase in body weight was 4.5±2.4 kg in 25 RY loop patients and 4.0±2.6 kg in the 9 IJI patients (not significant), with no significant benefit being observed in patients with newly created gastric “replacements.” It was concluded that (1) a technically correct and adequate reconstruction is not followed by significant levels of malnutrition; (2) a simple RY loop is the most suitable method in most instances for total gastrectomy for cancer; (3) an IJI is not justifiable on a routine basis; (4) additional pouches are of questionable value; and (5) omega loops are undesirable.
Selective use of ERCP in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy
Authors: Rieger Roman , Sulzbacher Herwig , Woisetschläger Rudolf , Schrenk Peter , Wayand Wolfgang 
Published: October 2004

AbstractWith the advent of laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LCH) various strategies have been proposed for the management of common bile duct (CBD) stones. In a consecutive series of 1140 patients subjected to LCH, preoperative endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) was attempted in 128 patients (11.2%) and successfully accomplished in 121 (94.5%). Based on the prediction of CBD stones by laboratory tests, ultrasonography, and intravenous cholangiography, prelaparoscopic ERCP was performed in 106 patients (9.3%). CBD stones were identified in 56 patients and benign papillary stenosis in 5 patients (57.5%). Of these 61 patients, 58 (95%) were treated by endoscopic sphincterotomy (ES) and stone extraction followed by LCH after a mean interval of 1.6 days. Three patients with failure of endoscopic ductal stone extraction required open CBD exploration. In 39 of the 106 patients (36.8%) ERCP was negative for ductal stones but revealed unexpected ampullary and pancreatic cancer in two cases. Six patients (of the 106) with preoperative ERCP cannulation failure (5.7%) were managed either by LCH and intraoperative cholangiography or by open CBD exploration. In 22 of the 1140 total patients (1.9%) ERCP was performed at various intervals after LCH. Retained CBD stones were found in eight patients, and ES and ductal clearance was achieved in all eight. There was no mortality among the entire surgical group who underwent perioperative ERCP/ES. Including two cases of ES‐related pancreatitis, the overall morbidity was 5.5% (7 of 128). Perioperative ERCP/ES in conjunction with LCH is an attractive approach for patients with cholecystocholedocholithiasis, at least until laparoscopic ductal clearance becomes a standard procedure.
Expression of basic fibroblast growth factor in hyperplastic parathyroid glands from patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia type I
Authors: Komatsu Makoto , Tsuchiya Shin‐ichi , Matsuyama Ikuo , Kaneko Sayuri , Suzuki Yoshitaka , Ito Nobuo , Hanamura Naoshi , Seki Tatsuyuki , Kobayashi Shinya , Kuroda Takai 
Published: October 2004

AbstractPrimary hyperparathyroidism was investigated using the presence of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) from the immunohistochemical viewpoint with an anti‐bFGF antibody in hyperplastic parathyroid glands of patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia type I (MEN‐I) and of patients with non‐MEN. The results corresponded well with the data from the DNA analysis. Twenty‐five hyperplastic parathyroid glands from 11 patients with MEN‐I and 38 glands from 20 patients with non‐MEN primary hyperparathyroidism were stained immunohistochemically according to the avidin‐biotin‐peroxidase complex procedure. When 50% or more of the cells appeared uniformly stained, it was judged positively stained. In addition, 18 hyperplastic parathyroid glands from patients with MEN‐I patients and 24 hyperplastic parathyroid glands from non‐MEN patients were also analyzed for DNA using flow cytometry. The ratio of positively stained hyperplastic parathyroid glands was 72% in MEN‐I patients and 18% in non‐MEN patients. The difference between the two groups was significant (p<0.01). The nodules consisted of oxyphilic cells in 7 of 25 hyperplastic parathyroid glands from MEN‐I patients and in 10 of 38 hyperplastic parathyroid glands from non‐MEN patients, and all the cells were positive for bFGF. There was no significant correlation between bFGF staining and the DNA ploidy pattern. bFGF possibly plays a role in the development of parathyroid gland hyperplasia, especially in MEN‐I patients. The increase of oxyphilic cells may be correlated with the expression of bFGF.
Simulating search behaviour of fish towards bait
Authors: Vabø Rune , Huse Geir , Fernö Anders , Jørgensen Terje , Løkkeborg Svein , Skaret Georg 
Published: October 2004

AbstractSearch by olfaction is common in many aquatic animals, and this feature is exploited by the fishing industry, which has a long tradition in the use of longlines, pots, and other kinds of baited gear. Here we discuss a range of possible search strategies that fish might apply when searching for prey; this in order to improve our understanding of fish movement dynamics towards baited gear. Various search strategies were investigated using an individual-based behavioural model. The search phase was divided into plume-search (search for relevant stimuli) and bait-search (search when an olfactory stimulus has been encountered). The search strategies were evaluated based on their efficiency in providing guidance to the goal (plume or bait). The model was developed based on previous tagging studies of cod (Gadus morhua L.). The results for plume-search show that when the landscape is considered to be continuous, strategies based on moving at an angle against the current performed better than strategies moving straight into the current, or “random walk”-based strategies. When it is assumed that the fish is constrained to a home range, the results are reversed so that “random walk”-based strategies perform better than the “counter current” strategies. For bait-search the “counter current” strategies performed much better than strategies based on gradient-search, which rarely resulted in contact with the bait.
A ‘JOURNALL’ OF MATTERS OF STATE HAPPENED FROM TIME TO TIME AS WELL WITHIN AND WITHOUT THE REALME FROM AND BEFORE THE DEATH OF KING EDW THE 6TH UNTILL THE YERE 1562 CERTAYNE BRIFE NOTES OF THE CONTROVERSY BETWENE THE DUKES OF SOMERSET AND DUKE OF NOR[T]HUMBERLAND
Authors: Adams Simon , Archer Ian W. , Bernard G.W. 
Published: October 2004

AcknowledgementsEditorial practiceIntroductionA ‘Journall’ of Matters of State […]Certayne Brife Notes […]
Assessment of coronary arterial stents by multislice-CT angiography
Authors: Maintz D. , Gride M. , Fallenberg E. M. , Heindel W. , Fischbach R. 
Published: October 2004

Purpose: To assess patency and lumen visibility of coronary artery stents by multislice-CT angiography (MSCTA) in comparison with conventional coronary angiography as the standard of reference. Material and Methods: 47 stents of 13 different types were evaluated in 29 patients. MSCTA was performed on a 4-slice scanner with a standard coronary protocol (detector collimation 4 × 1 mm; table feed 1.5 mm/rotation, 400 mAs, 120 kV). Image evaluation was performed by two readers who were blinded to the reports from the catheter angiography. MIP reconstructions were evaluated for image quality on a 4-point scale (1 = poor, 4 = excellent) and stent patency (contrast distal to the stent as an indirect patency sign). Axial images and multiplanar reformations through the stents were used for assessment of stent lumen visibility (measurement of the visible stent lumen diameter) and detection of relevant in-stent stenosis (≥50%). Results: Image quality was fair to good on average (score 2.64 ± 1.0) and depended on the heart rate (heart rate 45–60: average score 3.2, heart rate 61–70: average score 2.8, heart rate >71: average score 1.4). Thirty-seven stents were correctly classified as patent, 1 was correctly classified as occluded and 9 stents were not assessible due to insufficient image quality because of triggering artifacts. Parts of the stent lumen could be visualized in 30 cases. On average, 20–40% of the stent lumen diameter was visible. Twenty-five stents were correctly classified as having no stenosis, 1 was falsely classified as stenosed, 1 was correctly classified as occluded. In 20 stents lumen visibility was not sufficient for stenosis evaluation. Conclusion: Although the stent lumen may be partly visualized in most stents, a reliable evaluation of in-stent stenoses does not seem practical by 4-slice MSCT. Nevertheless, for stent patency evaluation, MS-CTA might provide valuable clinical information. With submillimeter MSCT (e.g., 16-slice scanners) and more sophisticated reconstruction algorithms, further improvements may be expected.
Comparison of indirect CsI/a:Si and direct a: SE digital radiography: An assessment of contrast and detail visualization
Authors: Fischbach F. , Freund T. , Pech M. , Werk M. , Bassir C. , Stoever B. , Felix R. , Ricke J. 
Published: October 2004

Purpose: To assess and quantify the image quality at two dose levels for an amorphous Silicon (a:Si) Cesium Iodide (CsI) flat panel system compared with a direct amorphous Selenium (a:Se) digital radiography system. Material and Methods: A contrast detectability test was performed employing the CDRAD-phantom at mAs-values leading to approximately equal phantom entrance doses of 41.4, 57.9, 75.1 and 120.8 µGy for the a:Se and 39.9, 58.4, 75.6 and 117.9 µGy for the CsI system. Images were presented to 4 independent observers. For quantitative comparison, the image quality figure (IQF) was calculated. Statistical analysis was performed using Pearson's correlation and the Wilcoxon test. A ROC-analysis was performed employing the TRG-phantom in a high- and a low-dose setting leading to entrance doses of 126.2 and 35 µGy for the direct, and 125.9 and 34.4 µGy for the indirect system. Statistical significance was evaluated using the Wilcoxon test Results: The flat panel a:Si digital system provided superior results compared with the a:Se drum digital system with respect to low-dose settings for CDRAD-phantom and ROC-analysis, ensuring a better image quality with respect to contrast and detail detectability. Higher-dose settings provided similar results for both systems. Conclusion: Image quality of a:Si flat panel digital radiography proved to be superior to a:Se drum digital radiography using low-dose settings. If the primary target is dose reduction indirect flat panel technology should be used.
An improved Mordell type bound for exponential sums
Authors: Cochrane Todd , Pinner Christopher 
Published: October 2004

For a sparse polynomial

f
(
x
)
=

∑

i
=
1

r

a
i

x

k
i

∈

Z

[
x
]

f(x)=\sum _{i=1}^r a_ix^{k_i}\in \mathbb Z [x]

, with

p
∤

a
i

p\nmid a_i

and

1
≤

k
1

>
⋯
>

k
r

>
p
−
1

1\leq k_1>\cdots >k_r>p-1

, we show that
\[

|

∑

x
=
1

p
−
1

e

2
π
i
f
(
x
)

/

p

|

≤

2

2
r

(

k
1

⋯

k
r

)

1

r
2

p

1
−

1

2
r

,

\left |\sum _{x=1}^{p-1} e^{2\pi i f(x)/p} \right | \leq 2^{\frac {2}{r}} (k_1\cdots k_r)^{\frac {1}{r^2}}p^{1-\frac {1}{2r}},

\]
thus improving upon a bound of Mordell. Analogous results are obtained for Laurent polynomials and for mixed exponential sums.
Solvent effects on the conformational transition of a model polyalanine peptide
Authors: Nguyen Hung D. , Marchut Alexander J. , Hall Carol K. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractWe have investigated the folding of polyalanine by combining discontinuous molecular dynamics simulation with our newly developed off‐lattice intermediate‐resolution protein model. The thermodynamics of a system containing a single Ac‐KA14K‐NH2 molecule has been explored by using the replica exchange simulation method to map out the conformational transitions as a function of temperature. We have also explored the influence of solvent type on the folding process by varying the relative strength of the side‐chain's hydrophobic interactions and backbone hydrogen bonding interactions. The peptide in our simulations tends to mimic real polyalanine in that it can exist in three distinct structural states: α‐helix, β‐structures (including β‐hairpin and β‐sheet–like structures), and random coil, depending upon the solvent conditions. At low values of the hydrophobic interaction strength between nonpolar side‐chains, the polyalanine peptide undergoes a relatively sharp transition between an α‐helical conformation at low temperatures and a random‐coil conformation at high temperatures. As the hydrophobic interaction strength increases, this transition shifts to higher temperatures. Increasing the hydrophobic interaction strength even further induces a second transition to a β‐hairpin, resulting in an α‐helical conformation at low temperatures, a β‐hairpin at intermediate temperatures, and a random coil at high temperatures. At very high values of the hydrophobic interaction strength, polyalanines become β‐hairpins and β‐sheet–like structures at low temperatures and random coils at high temperatures. This study of the folding of a single polyalanine‐based peptide sets the stage for a study of polyalanine aggregation in a forthcoming paper.