bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
r/K selection of GC content in prokaryotes
Authors: Aliperti Lucio , Aptekmann Ariel A. , Farfañuk Gonzalo , Couso Luciana L. , Soler‐Bistué Alfonso , Sánchez Ignacio E. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe guanine/cytosine (GC) content of prokaryotic genomes is species‐specific, taking values from 16% to 77%. This diversity of selection for GC content remains contentious. We analyse the correlations between GC content and a range of phenotypic and genotypic data in thousands of prokaryotes. GC content integrates well with these traits into r/K selection theory when phenotypic plasticity is considered. High GC‐content prokaryotes are r‐strategists with cheaper descendants thanks to a lower average amino acid metabolic cost, colonize unstable environments thanks to flagella and a bacillus form and are generalists in terms of resource opportunism and their defence mechanisms. Low GC content prokaryotes are K‐strategists specialized for stable environments that maintain homeostasis via a high‐cost outer cell membrane and endospore formation as a response to nutrient deprivation, and attain a higher nutrient‐to‐biomass yield. The lower proteome cost of high GC content prokaryotes is driven by the association between GC‐rich codons and cheaper amino acids in the genetic code, while the correlation between GC content and genome size may be partly due to functional diversity driven by r/K selection. In all, molecular diversity in the GC content of prokaryotes may be a consequence of ecological r/K selection.
How to be a good guest: American ethnographers in Turkey in the long 1968
Authors: Sipahi Ali 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe article uncovers a forgotten chapter in the history of anthropology by revealing the experiences of American ethnographers in Turkey between 1967 and 1969. Using original archival documents and oral history interviews, it focuses on the trials of Professor Lloyd A. Fallers as well as doctoral students Michael Meeker, Peter Benedict, and June Starr in navigating Turkish bureaucracy and global politics. Conceptually, the article evaluates the case of anthropologists in Cold War Turkey from the perspective of hospitality studies with a particular focus on guest‐to‐guest relationships. Adopting the guests’ points of view shows us that hospitality assemblages are forged by other‐oriented thinking and behaviour, which involves misunderstandings, empathy, and projection. The article conceives the hospitality relationship as an encounter among perceptions of hospitality.
Of agency, Allah, and authority: the making of a divine trial among Muslims with same‐sex attraction in Indonesia
Authors: Ramadhan Febi R. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis article delves into the life stories of Indonesian Muslims who struggle with same‐sex attraction (henceforth SSA) and believe that their SSA is divinely foreordained as a test from Allah. I draw on seventeen months of ethnographic research in an online community called Yayasan Peduli Sahabat (henceforth YPS) which prescribes ways to live heterosexually to its members and clients with SSA. In this article, I argue that the members of YPS are exercising their agency when they try to discipline their sexuality and live as heterosexuals. In this way, this study contributes to the existing literature on the agency of illiberal religious subjects by discussing the extent to which agency is practised in the face of one's relations with the divine and human‐mediated religious authority. Drawing on these interrelated themes, this article conjoins anthropological scholarship on self‐cultivation, divine intervention, and religious authority. Instead of understanding Muslims’ lives through the shift from a self‐cultivation paradigm to the paradigm of divine intervention, I suggest that both paradigms are instructive and attending to them could elucidate how Muslims with SSA exercise their agency while continuing to be affected by the divine.
The Alchemical Oedipus: Re‐Visioning the Myth
Authors: Ajuonuma Reginald 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe Oedipus myth is foundational to depth psychology due to Freud’s use of Sophocles’ play Oedipus Rex in the creation of psychoanalysis. But analytical psychology’s engagement with the myth has been limited despite the importance Jung also places upon it. The absence of a developed Jungian response to Oedipus means the myth’s psychologically constructive elements have been overlooked in favour of reductive Freudian interpretations. I examine whether analytical psychology can fruitfully re‐engage with Oedipus by reinterpreting his story as a paternal rebirth. This is achieved by reincorporating those parts of the myth that occur before and after the period portrayed in Oedipus Rex. Such a move reintegrates Oedipus’ father, King Laius, into the story and unveils important parallels with the alchemical trope of the king’s renewal by his son. Using Jung’s method of amplification, Oedipus is recast as Laius’ redeemer and identified with the archetype of psychological wholeness, the Self. The contention is that such an understanding of Oedipus supports a clearer recognition of the potentially generative quality of human suffering, restoring to the myth the quality of moral instruction it possessed in antiquity.
Emergence and institutionalization of interorganizational coordination structures in crises
Authors: Frykmer Tove , Becker Per 
Published: October 2023

AbstractCrises often reveal a mismatch between organizational and problem structures, demanding interorganizational coordination or new organizational solutions. Much is known about functions and roles of such organizational solutions, but less about the processes underlying them. This study investigates the processes behind the emergence and institutionalization of organizational solutions to meet new coordination needs in crises, using the Swedish County Administrative Boards' coordination offices for Covid‐19 and Ukraine as a case. Based on 94 interviews across political‐administrative levels, this study reveals that the coordination office emerged as an interorganizational coordination structure during Covid‐19 but is now institutionalized and central to the crisis management system. The institutionalization began during the 2018 wildfires, demonstrating the importance of a decisive event in initiating and shaping organizational adaptation to crises. Thereafter, practices were institutionalized through increasing returns connected to incentives, commitments to norms and identities and objectification of shared ideas and routines. The findings motivate consideration of criteria for evaluating new coordination structures that may become permanent. Contingently evolving practices, often taken for granted and embedded in professional norms and identities, calls for explicit consideration of alternative practices. Last, this study illustrates the importance of appreciating the past when understanding present and future coordination structures.
Insulin resistance induces earlier initiation of cognitive dysfunction mediated by cholinergic deregulation in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Izuo Naotaka , Watanabe Nobuhiro , Noda Yoshihiro , Saito Takashi , Saido Takaomi C. , Yokote Koutaro , Hotta Harumi , Shimizu Takahiko 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAlthough insulin resistance increases the risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD), the mechanisms remain unclear, partly because no animal model exhibits the insulin‐resistant phenotype without persistent hyperglycemia. Here we established an AD model with whole‐body insulin resistance without persistent hyperglycemia (APP/IR‐dKI mice) by crossbreeding constitutive knock‐in mice with P1195L‐mutated insulin receptor (IR‐KI mice) and those with mutated amyloid precursor protein (AppNL‐G‐F mice: APP‐KI mice). APP/IR‐dKI mice exhibited cognitive impairment at an earlier age than APP‐KI mice. Since cholinergic dysfunction is a major characteristic of AD, pharmacological interventions on the cholinergic system were performed to investigate the mechanism. Antagonism to a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor α7 (nAChRα7) suppressed cognitive function and cortical blood flow (CBF) response to cholinergic‐regulated peripheral stimulation in APP‐KI mice but not APP/IR‐dKI mice. Cortical expression of Chrna7, encoding nAChRα7, was downregulated in APP/IR‐dKI mice compared with APP‐KI. Amyloid β burden did not differ between APP‐KI and APP/IR‐dKI mice. Therefore, insulin resistance, not persistent hyperglycemia, induces the earlier onset of cognitive dysfunction and CBF deregulation mediated by nAChRα7 downregulation. Our mouse model will help clarify the association between type 2 diabetes mellitus and AD.
Is ‘pupae busting’ or destroying overwintering pupae of Helicoverpa spp. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) still relevant today in Australian Bt cotton?
Authors: Whitehouse Mary E. A. , Tann Colin R. , Braunack Michael V. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractTransgenic Bt cotton was developed to control lepidopteran pests like the cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera. However, there was concern that H. armigera would develop resistance to Bt cotton as this species had developed resistance to many insecticides and Bt toxins. To counter resistance, the cotton industry developed a resistance management plan (RMP) that included techniques to block resistant genes surviving from one season to the next (seasonal quarantining). One such technique is pupae busting, where cotton fields are cultivated after harvest, destroying potentially resistant pupating Helicoverpa spp. While pupae busting was important when there was only one insecticidal gene in Bt cotton, is it still relevant now Bt cotton has three insecticidal Bt genes? To address this question, we reviewed the development of pupae busting as a tool and its role in the current RMP. This included examining the ecology and behavioural characteristics of Helicoverpa spp. that impact on pupae busting efficacy (e.g., diapause, pupal mortality and pupae depth); the effect of soil type and different tillage techniques on pupae busting efficacy; and pupae busting within the context of Australia's current cotton farming system. We also looked at alternative forms of seasonal quarantining, such as using bisexual attract‐and‐kill techniques against adults. We confirmed that soil for pupae busting needs to be checked for moisture, which ideally should be less than the soil plastic limit. Comparisons between reports indicated that under good conditions, ‘go‐devils’ and chisel ploughs were excellent pupae busters. While a bisexual attract‐and‐kill strategy of late season moths has a place within the industry, pupae busting is still the best method in seasonal quarantining and has a good fit within the modern cotton industry, particularly given differences in the biology and ecology of H. armigera and H. punctigera, and the presence of dominant resistance to Bt toxins by H. armigera in China.
EAACI guidelines on the diagnosis of IgE‐mediated food allergy
Authors: Santos Alexandra F. , Riggioni Carmen , Agache Ioana , Akdis Cezmi A. , Akdis Mubeccel , Alvarez‐Perea Alberto , Alvaro‐Lozano Montserrat , Ballmer‐Weber Barbara , Barni Simona , Beyer Kirsten , Bindslev‐Jensen Carsten , Brough Helen A. , Buyuktiryaki Betul , Chu Derek , Del Giacco Stefano , Dunn‐Galvin Audrey , Eberlein Bernadette , Ebisawa Motohiro , Eigenmann Philippe , Eiwegger Thomas , Feeney Mary , Fernandez‐Rivas Montserrat , Fisher Helen R. , Fleischer David M. , Giovannini Mattia , Gray Claudia , Hoffmann‐Sommergruber Karin , Halken Susanne , Hourihane Jonathan O’B. , Jones Christina J. , Jutel Marek , Knol Edward , Konstantinou George N. , Lack Gideon , Lau Susanne , Marques Mejias Andreina , Marchisotto Mary Jane , Meyer Rosan , Mortz Charlotte G. , Moya Beatriz , Muraro Antonella , Nilsson Caroline , Lopes de Oliveira Lucila Camargo , O’Mahony Liam , Papadopoulos Nikolaos G. , Perrett Kirsten , Peters Rachel L. , Podesta Marcia , Poulsen Lars K. , Roberts Graham , Sampson Hugh A. , Schwarze Jürgen , Smith Peter , Tham Elizabeth Huiwen , Untersmayr Eva , Van Ree Ronald , Venter Carina , Vickery Brian P. , Vlieg‐Boerstra Berber , Werfel Thomas , Worm Margitta , Du Toit George , Skypala Isabel 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology guideline provides recommendations for diagnosing IgE‐mediated food allergy and was developed using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE) approach. Food allergy diagnosis starts with an allergy‐focused clinical history followed by tests to determine IgE sensitization, such as serum allergen‐specific IgE (sIgE) and skin prick test (SPT), and the basophil activation test (BAT), if available. Evidence for IgE sensitization should be sought for any suspected foods. The diagnosis of allergy to some foods, such as peanut and cashew nut, is well supported by SPT and serum sIgE, whereas there are less data and the performance of these tests is poorer for other foods, such as wheat and soya. The measurement of sIgE to allergen components such as Ara h 2 from peanut, Cor a 14 from hazelnut and Ana o 3 from cashew can be useful to further support the diagnosis, especially in pollen‐sensitized individuals. BAT to peanut and sesame can be used additionally. The reference standard for food allergy diagnosis is the oral food challenge (OFC). OFC should be performed in equivocal cases. For practical reasons, open challenges are suitable in most cases. Reassessment of food allergic children with allergy tests and/or OFCs periodically over time will enable reintroduction of food into the diet in the case of spontaneous acquisition of oral tolerance.
Comparison of chemically mediated CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing systems using different nonviral vectors in porcine embryos
Authors: Lin Qingyi , Takebayashi Koki , Torigoe Nanaka , Liu Bin , Namula Zhao , Hirata Maki , Tanihara Fuminori , Nagahara Megumi , Otoi Takeshige 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe transfection efficiency of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas ribonucleoprotein complexes was compared using three nonviral vector transfection reagents: nonliposomal polymeric (TransIT‐X2), lipid nanoparticle delivery (CRISPRMAX), and peptide (ProteoCarry) systems. Porcine zona pellucida‐free zygotes and embryos were incubated for 5 h with CRISPR‐associated protein 9 (Cas9), guide RNA (gRNA) targeting GGTA1, and one of the reagents. In Experiment 1, optimization of Cas9 protein to gRNA molar ratios of 1:2, 2:2, and 4:2, along with single or double doses of reagents, was performed on zygotes at 10 h post‐in vitro fertilization. In Experiment 2, optimization of timing was performed at 10 or 29 h post‐in vitro fertilization, using optimal molar ratios and reagent doses. Blastocyst formation, mutation rates, and mutation efficiency were measured in each experiment. For each reagent, a 4:2 Cas9:gRNA molar ratio and addition of a double reagent dose exhibited a higher mutation rate; however, blastocyst rate tended to decrease compared with that of control. Moreover, the optimal transfection time varied depending on the reagent, and the proportions of blastocysts carrying mutations were <34%. In conclusion, the above three transfectants allowed gene editing of porcine zygotes and embryos; however, this newly established chemistry‐based technology needs further improvement, especially regarding editing efficiency and embryo development.
Pharmacological inhibition of the integrated stress response accelerates disease progression in an amyotrophic lateral sclerosis mouse model
Authors: Marlin Elías , Valencia Miguel , Peregrín Nuria , Ferrero Roberto , Nicolás María Jesús , Vinueza‐Gavilanes Rodrigo , Pineda‐Lucena Antonio , Artieda Julio , Arrasate Montserrat , Aragón Tomás 
Published: October 2023

Background and PurposeThe integrated stress response (ISR) regulates translation in response to diverse stresses. ISR activation has been documented in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients and ALS experimental models. In experimental models, both ISR stimulation and inhibition prevented ALS neurodegeneration; however, which mode of ISR regulation would work in patients is still debated. We previously demonstrated that the ISR modulator ISRIB (Integrated Stress Response InhiBitor, an eIF2B activator) enhances survival of neurons expressing the ALS neurotoxic allele SOD1 G93A. Here, we tested the effect of two ISRIB‐like eIF2B activators (2BAct and PRXS571) in the disease progression of transgenic SOD1G93A mice.Experimental ApproachAfter biochemical characterization in primary neurons, SOD1G93A mice were treated with 2BAct and PRXS571. Muscle denervation of vulnerable motor units was monitored with a longitudinal electromyographic test. We used a clinical score to document disease onset and progression; force loss was determined with the hanging wire motor test. Motor neuronal survival was assessed by immunohistochemistry.Key ResultsIn primary neurons, 2BAct and PRXS571 relieve the ISR‐imposed translational inhibition while maintaining high ATF4 levels. Electromyographic recordings evidenced an earlier and more dramatic muscle denervation in treated SOD1G93A mice that correlated with a decrease in motor neuron survival. Both compounds anticipated disease onset and shortened survival time.Conclusion and Implications2BAct and PRXS571 anticipate disease onset, aggravating muscle denervation and motor neuronal death of SOD1G93A mice. This study reveals that the ISR works as a neuroprotective pathway in ALS motor neurons and reveals the toxicity that eIF2B activators may display in ALS patients.
A predominantly diurnal tropical mammal increases nocturnality in response to high temperatures
Authors: Peterson Michaela C. , Jorge Maria Luisa S. P. , Keuroghlian Alexine 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe extent to which animals may compensate for rising temperatures through behavioral thermoregulation is an important unknown in predicting responses to climate change. Flexibility in temporal activity in particular may be an important factor in determining species' vulnerability. In this study, we examine whether the white‐lipped peccary, a predominantly diurnal Neotropical mammal, shifts its temporal activity and microclimate selection in response to daily temperature variation in the Pantanal biome of Brazil. From November 2021 to October 2022, we deployed camera traps and microclimate data loggers to record white‐lipped peccary activity and air temperature on a fine spatiotemporal scale. We found that the percentage of peccary activity that is nocturnal increased with maximum daily temperature at a rate of 3.7% per 1°C past a threshold of 31.2°C, and increased with maximum daily wet‐bulb temperature at a rate of 4.7% per 1°C past a threshold of 24.9°C. The afternoon period (i.e., solar noon to sunset) went from having the highest frequency of peccary activity at the lower end of our observed temperature range to having the lowest frequency of activity at the higher end. We did not find evidence of microclimate selection. Our findings indicate that white‐lipped peccaries in the Pantanal demonstrate substantial behavioral flexibility in their response to high temperatures, which may help to buffer them against the impact of rising temperatures caused by climate change.Abstract in Portuguese is available with online material.
How environmental factors affect the abundance and distribution of two congeneric species of Amazonian frogs
Authors: Moreno Eduardo , Pequeno Pedro , Santorelli Junior Sergio , Ferrão Miquéias , Lima Albertina Pimentel , Magnusson William E. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn this study, we test the hypothesis that, at a fine‐scale, environmental variables influence differently sister species that live in sympatry and are phylogenetically closely related. We sampled two Amazonian anuran species, Phyzelaphryne miriamae and Phyzelaphryne sp., in 11 permanent sampling modules distributed across ~600 km in the Purus‐Madeira Interfluve between 2013 and 2014. Using mixed generalized linear models, we found that the species have distinct environmental associations, which may facilitate their coexistence in sympatry. Phyzelaphryne miriamae was more frequent in environments with low precipitation and low water tables, suggesting this species is better adapted to live in drier places. In contrast, Phyzelaphryne sp. appeared to be a generalist regarding to habitat and resource use. These patterns are in accordance with the hypothesis that environmental variables influence sister species differently on a fine scale. Phyzelaphryne miriamae is larger than Phyzelaphryne sp., which may make it more resistant to dehydration, allowing it to explore drier environments. In conclusion, our results are in concordance with the hypothesis that the evolution of characteristics resulting from selection may have reduced competition for resources between closely related species, thus facilitating coexistence in sympatry.Abstract in Portuguese is available with online material.
Comparison of the Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (ECOHIS‐4D) and Child Health Utility Index (CHU‐9D) in children with oral diseases
Authors: Weerasuriya Sucharitha R. , Hettiarachchi Ruvini M. , Kularatna Sanjeewa , Rohde Alexia , Arrow Peter , Jamieson Lisa , Tonmukayakul Utsana , Senanayake Sameera 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjectiveAccurate assessment of child oral health is important for guiding economic evaluations and informing healthcare decision‐making. Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (ECOHIS‐4D) is a preference‐based instrument that measures the oral health‐related quality of life of young children. The aim of this study was to compare the utility scores of ECOHIS‐4D and Child Health Utility Index (CHU‐9D), against an oral health indicator to evaluate which utility score corresponds better with the oral health indicator.MethodThe ECOHIS‐4D and CHU‐9D were applied to 314 parent/child dyads from preschools in a primary healthcare setting in Perth, Western Australia. Four parameters were used to assess which instrument corresponds better with the oral health indicator (decayed, missing and filled teeth score‐dmft score): (i) discrimination, the ability to discriminate between different clinical severity groups, (ii) external responsiveness, how much the utility values relate to the changes in dmft scores, (iii) correlation, the association between the two instruments and the related dimensions and (iv) differences in the utility values across the two instruments.ResultsMost participants (81%) were 2–6 years old, and nearly 50% had a dmft score <3. ECOHIS‐4D demonstrated a superior ability to differentiate between dmft severity groups and respond to changes in dmft scores. A significant weak correlation was observed between dmft and ECOHIS‐4D (−0.26, 95%, CI −0.36 to −0.15) compared to a non‐significant very poor correlation between dmft and CHU‐9D (0.01, 95% CI −0.12 to 0.10). The utility scores of the two instruments had relatively good agreement towards good health and weak agreement towards poor health.ConclusionsECOHIS‐4D, the oral health‐specific instrument, is more sensitive in assessing children's oral health‐related quality of life than the generic CHU‐9D. Thus, ECOHIS‐4D is more appropriate for utility estimates in economic evaluations of oral health‐related interventions and resource allocation decision‐making.