bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impacts of land use change on native plant-butterfly interaction networks from central Mexico
Authors: Muñoz-Galicia Deysi , Lara Carlos , Castillo-Guevara Citlalli , Cuautle Mariana , Rodríguez-Flores Claudia 
Published: October 2023

Background
Land use change is a key catalyst of global biodiversity loss and ecosystem degradation. Deforestation and conversion of natural habitats to agricultural or urban areas can profoundly disrupt plant-flower visitor interactions by altering their abundances and distribution. Yet, specific studies analyzing the effects of land use change on the structure of networks of the interactions between particular groups of flower visitors and their plants are still scarce. Here, we aimed to analyze how converting native habitats affects the species composition of butterfly communities and their plants, and whether this, in turn, leads to changes in the structure of interaction networks in the modified habitats.

Methods
We performed bi-monthly censuses for a year to record plant-butterfly interactions and assess species diversity across three habitat types, reflecting a land-use change gradient. From original native juniper forest to urban and agricultural zones in central Mexico, one site per land use type was surveyed. Interactions were summarized in matrices on which we calculated network descriptors: connectance, nestedness and modularity.

Results
We found highest butterfly diversity in native forest, with the most unique species (i.e., species not shared with the other two sites). Agricultural and urban sites had similar diversity, yet the urban site featured more unique species. The plant species richness was highest in the urban site, and the native forest site had the lowest plant species richness, with most of the plants being unique to this site. Butterfly and plant compositions contrasted most between native forest and modified sites. Network analysis showed differences between sites in the mean number of links and interactions. The urban network surpassed agriculture and native forest networks in links, while the native forest network had more interactions than the agriculture and urban networks. Native plants had more interactions than alien species. All networks exhibited low connectance and significant nestedness and modularity, with the urban network featuring the most modules (i.e., 10 modules).

Conclusions
Converting native habitats to urban or agricultural areas reshapes species composition, diversity and interaction network structure for butterfly communities and plants. The urban network showed more links and modules, suggesting intricate urban ecosystems due to diverse species, enhanced resources, and ecological niches encouraging interactions and coexistence. These findings emphasize the impacts of land use change on plant-butterfly interactions and the structure of their interaction networks.
Survival Outcomes by Race and Ethnicity in Veterans With Nonmetastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer
Authors: Rasmussen Kelli M. , Patil Vikas , Li Chunyang , Yong Christina , Appukkuttan Sreevalsa , Grossman Jamie Partridge , Jhaveri Jay , Halwani Ahmad S. 
Published: October 2023

ImportanceRacial and ethnic disparities in prostate cancer are poorly understood. A given disparity-related factor may affect outcomes differently at each point along the highly variable trajectory of the disease.ObjectiveTo examine clinical outcomes by race and ethnicity in patients with nonmetastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (nmCRPC) within the US Veterans Health Administration.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsA retrospective, observational cohort study using electronic health care records (January 1, 2006, to December 31, 2021) in a nationwide equal-access health care system was conducted. Mean (SD) follow-up time was 4.3 (3.3) years. Patients included in the analysis were diagnosed with prostate cancer from January 1, 2006, to December 30, 2020, that progressed to nmCRPC defined by (1) increasing prostate-specific antigen levels, (2) ongoing androgen deprivation, and (3) no evidence of metastatic disease. Patients with metastatic disease or death within the landmark period (3 months after the first nmCRPC evidence) were excluded.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome was time from the landmark period to death or metastasis; the secondary outcome was overall survival. A multivariate Cox proportional hazards model, Kaplan-Meier estimates, and adjusted survival curves were used to evaluate outcome differences by race and ethnicity.ResultsOf 12 992 patients in the cohort, 826 patients identified as Hispanic (6%), 3671 as non-Hispanic Black (28%; henceforth Black), 7323 as non-Hispanic White (56%; henceforth White), and 1172 of other race and ethnicity (9%; henceforth other, including American Indian or Alaska Native, Asian, Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander, unknown by patient, and patient declined to answer). Median time elapsed from nmCRPC to metastasis or death was 5.96 (95% CI, 5.58-6.34) years for Black patients, 5.62 (95% CI, 5.11-6.67) years for Hispanic patients, 4.11 (95% CI, 3.96–4.25) years for White patients, and 3.59 (95% CI, 3.23-3.97) years for other patients. Median unadjusted overall survival was 6.26 (95% CI, 6.03-6.46) years among all patients, 8.36 (95% CI, 8.0-8.8) years for Black patients, 8.56 (95% CI, 7.3-9.7) years for Hispanic patients, 5.48 (95% CI, 5.2-5.7) years for White patients, and 4.48 (95% CI, 4.1-5.0) years for other patients.Conclusions and RelevanceThe findings of this cohort study of patients with nmCRPC suggest that differences in outcomes by race and ethnicity exist; in addition, Black and Hispanic men may have considerably improved outcomes when treated in an equal-access setting.
Potential effect of managing connectivity to contain disease spread among free‐ranging wild boar (Sus scrofa) in disparate landscapes
Authors: Vargas‐Amado Maria Elena , Vidondo Beatriz , Fischer Claude , Pisano Simone Roberto Rolando , Grütter Rolf 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Landscape connectivity is a major factor shaping the spread of pathogens in wildlife populations. By managing connectivity, transmission pathways can be broken and disease spread be contained, particularly in the early phases of an outbreak. Having witnessed recent outbreaks of African Swine Fever in free‐ranging wild boar (Sus scrofa) in Belgium, Germany and Italy, offices for disease control are on the alert also in other western European countries.

This study investigates the potential effect of managing landscape connectivity to contain disease spread among free‐ranging wild boar in disparate landscapes. It involves research into (1) the ease with which wildlife corridors can be blocked for wild boar, (2) the connectivity of wild boar habitat and (3) the impact of landscape fragmentation on connectivity management. This is addressed by carrying out GIS analyses and performing graph operations on the wild boar networks in different biogeographical regions of Switzerland.

The results of doing research into the three above‐mentioned objects show that, regarding the first, most wildlife corridors are hard to block for wild boar, because their features or location make fencing difficult. Regarding the second, the wild boar habitat is connected. Opening wildlife passages that are currently under construction may allow wild boar to disperse to hitherto uncolonized areas. Regarding the third, all wild boar networks could be partially decomposed by blocking the easy to block corridors and closing the passages. Network decomposition would be easiest to achieve in the region where the built infrastructure is most abundant. All over Switzerland, the potential epidemic size could be reduced by 25% when blocking the minimal set of corridors and passages that cut the networks to non‐decomposable components.

This study suggests that (a) combining connectivity analysis with fragmentation analysis is key to explaining why a specific measure of disease containment is more effective in one landscape than in the other, (b) complementing the permeability model with a species distribution model is essential to identify connected habitat patches for the species of concern and (c) connectivity metrics should consider also the surface area of occupied habitat patches and relative abundance of the species of concern.
Memory and metamemory in everyday settings: Assessing recall, recognition, and naming using car brand logos
Authors: Mayas Julia , Prieto Antonio , Montoro Pedro R. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPrevious research on incidental memory in everyday settings has shown that frequent exposure to stimuli does not guarantee accurate representation in memory. In two studies, we explored the memory and metamemory of car brand logos using recall (drawing) and recognition tasks (Study 1) or a naming task (Study 2). The results showed that memory accuracy for logos was modest in the recall and recognition tasks; nevertheless, the participants' accuracy in naming the visually displayed car logos was almost perfect. The participants showed overconfidence in their ability to recall and recognize car logos prior to their performance, which was adjusted after completing the recall task. Overconfidence was absent in the naming tasks. These results replicate the modest visual memory and metacognitive adjustments in recall and recognition tasks found in previous studies and contrast with participants' better memory performance and metacognitive adjustments in the naming task.
Engineered Heterogenous Subnanochannel Membranes with a Tri‐Continuous Pore Structure of Large Geometry Gradient for Massively Enhanced Osmotic Power Conversion from Organic Solutions
Authors: Fauziah Amalia Rizki , Yeh Li‐Hsien 
Published: October 2023

AbstractHeterogenous nanofluidic membranes with bi‐layer structures and ionic diode effect are shown great potential in efficiently harvesting the energy existing in a salinity gradient (or called the osmotic power conversion). However, exploitation of a heterogenous membrane with superior ion selectivity, excellent conductance, and strong ionic diode characteristics has remained a great challenge. Here, a novel heterogenous subnanochannel membrane with a tri‐continuous pore structure of a large geometry gradient ranging from sub‐nanoscale to nanoscale to sub‐microscale, which is composed of a thin and crack‐free layer of zeolitic imidazolate framework‐8 (ZIF‐8)/polystyrene sulfonate (PSS) membranes and an aligned branch‐type alumina nanochannel membrane (BANM) is reported. It is demonstrated that such a tri‐continuous pore structure can endow the exploited membrane, ZIF‐8/PSS@BANM, with enhanced ion selectivity, strong ion current rectification, and ultrafast ion transport properties, in organic electrolyte solutions. Thus, an amazingly high power of ≈50.5 W m−2 is produced by mixing a 2 m LiCl‐methanol and pure methanol solutions, which is over 45‐fold higher than the existing membranes. Realizing high ion selectivity and amplified directional ion transport at sub‐nanoconfined spaces in organic solvents paves the new way to develop ion‐channel‐mimetic membranes toward efficient ion separation and high‐performance energy harvesters for battery applications.
Functional Nanozymes Consisting of Co2+‐ZIF‐67 Metal‐Organic Framework Nanoparticles and Co2+‐ZIF‐67/Polyaniline Conjugates
Authors: Wu Yi , Qin Yunlong , Muppidathi Marieeswaran , Carmieli Raanan , Fadeev Michael , Lei Wu , Xia Mingzhu , Willner Itamar 
Published: October 2023

AbstractCo2+‐ZIF‐67 metal‐organic framework nanoparticles (NMOFs), act as nanozymes catalyzing diverse processes, including peroxidase, oxidase, and catalase activities. Peroxidase activities are reflected by the nanozyme‐catalyzed H2O2 oxidation of dopamine to aminochrome, the H2O2 oxidation of NADH to NAD+, the H2O2‐catalyzed generation of chemiluminescence through oxidation of luminol, and the H2O2‐mediated oxidation of aniline to polyaniline. Oxidase activities of the nanozyme are demonstrated by the Co2+‐ZIF‐67 NMOFs catalyzed aerobic oxidation of dopamine to aminochrome and of NADH to NAD+, and catalase activities of the nanozyme are reflected by the catalytic decomposition of H2O2. Moreover, the Co2+‐ZIF‐67 catalyzed oxidation of aniline to polyaniline (PAN) by H2O2 is accompanied by the coating of NMOFs with PAN to yield a Co2+‐ZIF‐67/PAN hybrid material. Coating the particles in the presence of guest substrates leads to molecular imprinted PAN matrices revealing enhanced ZIF‐67 catalyzed transformations as compared to non‐imprinted PAN matrices. This is demonstrated by imprinting of 2,2′‐azinobis(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid), ABTS2−, in the PAN coating and the 3.3‐fold enhanced catalyzed oxidation of ABTS2− by H2O2, as compared to the non‐imprinted PAN hybrid composite. Moreover, imprinting of L‐/D‐DOPA in the PAN coating of Co2+‐ZIF‐67 NMOFs leads to chiro‐selective H2O2‐guided oxidation of L‐/D‐DOPA to dopachrome by the NMOFs/PAN composite.
Highly Stretchable yet Degradable and Recyclable Conductive Composites with Liquid Metal Nanodroplets as Physical Crosslinks
Authors: Zhong Dingling , Shi Shiyang , Yang Xiaolong , Handschuh‐Wang Stephan , Zhang Yaokang , Gan Tiansheng , Zhou Xuechang 
Published: October 2023

AbstractLiquid metal (LM) droplet‐embedded polymer composites with exceptional thermal, electrical, and mechanical characteristics are attractive for applications in soft electronics and thermal management. Generally, a high volume fraction of LMs is required for desirable thermal and electrical properties, and thus recycling of LMs is favorable and cost effective. However, recycling LMs from composites remains a formidable challenge because the LM droplets are typically dispersed into a permanent covalently crosslinked polymer matrix. Here, a facile synthesis of LM‐polymer composites with high electrical conductivity (1800 S cm−1), high stretchability (1400% tensile strain), as well as degradability and recyclability is reported. The composite comprises a poly(2‐hydroxyethyl acrylate) hydrogel that is physically crosslinked by LM nanodroplets as a polymer matrix and either LM microdroplets or silver microflakes as a conductive filler. A postdrying process improves the mechanical performance of the composite while creating percolating pathways via the rearrangement of the conductive fillers, imparting high electrical conductivity to the composite. Moreover, the composites are readily degraded and dissolved in aqueous alkali solutions at room temperature thanks to the reactive nature of LM crosslinks, enabling high recycling efficiency of ≈80% and 95% for composites with LM microdroplets and silver microflakes as conductive fillers, respectively.
High‐Toughness and High‐Strength Solvent‐Free Linear Poly(ionic liquid) Elastomers
Authors: Li Lingling , Wang Xiaowei , Gao Shuna , Zheng Sijie , Zou Xiuyang , Xiong Jiaofeng , Li Weizheng , Yan Feng 
Published: October 2023

AbstractSolvent‐free elastomers, unlike gels, do not suffer from solvent evaporation and leakage in practical applications. However, it is challenging to realize the preparation of high‐toughness (with both high stress and strain) ionic elastomers. Herein, high‐toughness linear poly(ionic liquid) (PIL) elastomers are constructed via supramolecular ionic networks formed by the polymerization of halometallate ionic liquid (IL) monomers, without any chemical crosslinking. The obtained linear PIL elastomers exhibit high strength (16.5 MPa), Young's modulus (157.49 MPa), toughness (130.31 MJ m−3), and high crack propagation insensitivity (fracture energy 243.37 kJ m−2), owing to the enhanced intermolecular noncovalent interactions of PIL chains. Furthermore, PIL elastomer‐based strain, pressure, and touch sensors have shown high sensitivity. The linear noncovalent crosslinked network endows the PIL elastomers with self‐healing and recyclable properties, and broad application prospects in the fields of flexible sensor devices, health monitoring, and human–machine interaction.
Icariin attenuates the calcification of vascular smooth muscle cells through ERα – p38MAPK pathway
Authors: He Jieyu , Wang Yanjiao , Zhan Junkun , Li Shuang , Ni Yuqing , Huang Wu , Long Limin , Tan Pan , Wang Yi , Liu Youshuo 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the relationship between icariin and the osteoblastic differentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and the signal pathway involved.MethodsWe applied a universally accepted calcification model of VSMCs induced by β glycerophosphate. Then the VSMCs calcification was observed by treatment with icariin and/or inhibitors of estrogen receptors (ERs) and p38‐mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling.ResultsIcariin inhibited osteoblastic differentiation and mineralization of VSMCs due to decreased ALP activity and Runx2 expression. Further study demonstrated that icariin exerted this suppression effect through activating p38‐MAPK but not extracellular‐regulated kinase, JNK or Akt. An inhibitor of p38‐MAPK partially reversed the inhibitory effects of icariin on osteoblastic differentiation. Interestingly, treatment of VSMCs with an ER antagonist ICI182780 and a selective ERα receptor antagonist PPT attenuated icariin‐mediated inhibition effect of VSMCs calcification, associated with suppression of p38‐MAPK phosphorylation.ConclusionsIcariin inhibited the osteoblastic differentiation of VSMCs, and that the inhibitory effects were mediated by p38‐MAPK pathways through ERα.
Recent trends in organ‐preserving pancreatectomy: Its problems and clinical advantages compared with other standard pancreatectomies
Authors: Kato Hiroyuki , Asano Yukio , Ito Masahiro , Arakawa Satoshi , Horiguchi Akihiko 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn this review article, we focus on recent papers on organ‐preserving pancreatectomy procedures published since 2010. When comparing central pancreatectomy (CP) and distal pancreatectomy (DP), most studies have concluded that the CP group exhibited significantly lower incidence of new‐onset diabetes or diabetes exacerbation than the DP group postoperatively. However, because of increased incidence of morbidities such as pancreatic fistula, the surgeon faces a considerable trade‐off between increased short‐term morbidity and long‐term preservation of endocrine function. When the outcomes of two types of spleen‐preserving DP (Kimura and Warshaw procedures) are compared, most studies mentioned the low incidence of postoperative gastric varices and splenic infarction with the Kimura procedure. Although there are several reports regarding the effect of spleen preservation on prevention of postoperative infections, no report on the contribution of spleen preservation to the prevention of overwhelming post‐splenectomy infection is seen. The advantages of duodenum‐preserving pancreatic head resection (DPPHR) concerning endocrine and exocrine functions continue to be subjects of discussion, mainly due to the limited number of institutions that have adopted this approach; however, DPPHR should be presented as an option for patients due to its low incidence of postoperative cholangitis. Organ‐preserving pancreatectomy requires meticulous surgical techniques, and postoperative complications may increase with this surgery compared with standard pancreatectomy, which may be influenced by the surgeon's skill and the surgical facility where the procedure is performed. Nonetheless, this technique has significant long‐term advantages in terms of endocrine and exocrine functions and its wider adoption in the future is expected.
A Lantern‐Shaped Pd(II) Cage Constructed from Four Different Low‐Symmetry Ligands with Positional and Orientational Control: An Ancillary Pairings Approach
Authors: Preston Dan , Evans Jack D. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractOne of the key challenges of metallo‐supramolecular chemistry is to maintain the ease of self‐assembly but, at the same time, create structures of increasingly high levels of complexity. In palladium(II) quadruply stranded lantern‐shaped cages, this has been achieved through either 1) the formation of heteroleptic (multi‐ligand) assemblies, or 2) homoleptic assemblies from low‐symmetry ligands. Heteroleptic cages formed from low‐symmetry ligands, a hybid of these two approaches, would add an additional rich level of complexity but no examples of these have been reported. Here we use a system of ancillary complementary ligand pairings at the termini of cage ligands to target heteroleptic assemblies: these complementary pairs can only interact (through coordination to a single Pd(II) metal ion) between ligands in a cis position on the cage. Complementarity between each pair (and orthogonality to other pairs) is controlled by denticity (tridentate to monodentate or bidentate to bidentate) and/or hydrogen‐bonding capability (AA to DD or AD to DA). This allows positional and orientational control over ligands with different ancillary sites. By using this approach, we have successfully used low‐symmetry ligands to synthesise complex heteroleptic cages, including an example with four different low‐symmetry ligands.
1‐Azaspiro[3.3]heptane as a Bioisostere of Piperidine**
Authors: Kirichok Alexander A. , Tkachuk Hennadii , Kozyriev Yevhenii , Shablykin Oleh , Datsenko Oleksandr , Granat Dmitry , Yegorova Tetyana , Bas Yuliya P. , Semirenko Vitalii , Pishel Iryna , Kubyshkin Vladimir , Lesyk Dmytro , Klymenko‐Ulianov Oleksii , Mykhailiuk Pavel K. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract1‐Azaspiro[3.3]heptanes were synthesized, characterized, and validated biologically as bioisosteres of piperidine. The key synthesis step was thermal [2+2] cycloaddition between endocyclic alkenes and the Graf isocyanate, ClO2S−NCO, to give spirocyclic β‐lactams. Reduction of the β‐lactam ring with alane produced 1‐azaspiro[3.3]heptanes. Incorporation of this core into the anesthetic drug bupivacaine instead of the piperidine fragment resulted in a new patent‐free analogue with high activity.
Neuroprotective Bioorthogonal Catalysis in Mitochondria Using Protein‐Integrated Hydrogen‐Bonded Organic Frameworks
Authors: Tang Jiakang , Liu Ji , Zheng Qizhen , Yao Rui , Wang Ming 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMitochondria‐targeted bioorthogonal catalysis holds promise for controlling cell function precisely, yet achieving selective and efficient chemical reactions within organelles is challenging. In this study, we introduce a new strategy using protein‐integrated hydrogen‐bonded organic frameworks (HOFs) to enable synergistic bioorthogonal chemical catalysis and enzymatic catalysis within mitochondria. Utilizing catalytically active tris(4,4′‐dicarboxylicacid‐2,2′‐bipyridyl) ruthenium(II) to self‐assemble with [1,1′‐biphenyl]‐4,4′‐biscarboximidamide, we synthesized nanoscale RuB‐HOFs that exhibit high photocatalytic reduction activity. Notably, RuB‐HOFs efficiently enter cells and preferentially localize to mitochondria, where they facilitate bioorthogonal photoreduction reactions. Moreover, we show that RuB‐HOFs encapsulating catalase can produce hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in mitochondria through photocatalytic reduction of pro‐H2S and degrade hydrogen peroxide through enzymatic catalysis simultaneously, offering a significant neuroprotective effect against oxidative stress. Our findings not only introduce a versatile chemical toolset for mitochondria‐targeted bioorthogonal catalysis for prodrug activation but also pave the way for potential therapeutic applications in treating diseases related to cellular oxidative stress.