bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Addition Humic and Fulvic Acid on the Adsorption of Copper in Gypsum Soils
Authors: Al-Janabi Yasir Hmood Ijresh , Al-Mudalalawi Ibrahim Jadallh Ali 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
In order to study the interaction between humic acids and gypsum levels and their effect on the adsorption of copper in soil, three soil levels with gypsum content were chosen and prepared in the laboratory. They were treated with three levels of humic acids: (H0) with no addition (0%), (H1) with an addition of (1%), and (H2) with an addition of (2%). Copper ions were measured for the adsorption experiment. The data were treated using Langmuir and Freundlich equations to describe the adsorption nature. The results were as follows: both soils had high values for both Freundlich (82%) and Langmuir (92%) equations. Thus, the second equation outperformed the first equation by a difference of 10%. The adsorption values using the Langmuir equation ranged from (2500-588), while for the Freundlich equation, the sorption capacity values ranged from (186.98-47.53). Only the Langmuir equation recorded values for binding energy, which ranged from (53.76-1.059), and the highest binding energy values were associated with humic acid additions compared to untreated soil.
Adsorption Reaction and Kinetics of Zn on Zeolite Mineral Compared with Two Calcareous Soil
Authors: Al-Mashhdany Maysam A. R. , Al-Hadethi Akram A. H. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
A laboratory experiment was conducted to study the adsorption of zinc element in eight concentrations (0, 25, 50, 100, 150, 200, 250 and 300 mg L-1) from its source ZnSO4.7H2O. Two repetitions were performed for each concentration, where 20 mL of zinc solution was added to 1 gram of natural zeolite, synthetic zeolite, soil 1, and soil 2. The Langmuir equation was used to describe the relationship between the adsorbed zinc and its concentration. Additionally, the Freundlich equation was used to describe the adsorption of ions. The Freundlich equation was found to be more important than the Langmuir equation, as the values of k and b in the Freundlich equation and the R2 values for natural and synthetic zeolites were higher in both soils. The second experiment involved kinetics. Samples of natural zeolite, synthetic zeolite, soil 1, and soil 2 were taken, weighing 40 grams, to which zinc with a concentration of (100, 1000 mgL-1) prepared from ZnSO4.7H2O was added. They were placed in plastic containers for periods of (0, 1, 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 60 and 80 days). The zeolite and soil were kept moist at field capacity throughout the incubation period. Zinc was extracted using DTPA after each incubation period, with two replications, to study the rate of zinc release from zeolite and soil over time and its concentration in the solution. The results showed a decrease in the availability of added zinc with increasing incubation time. The highest concentration of available zinc was found when zinc was added to synthetic zeolite, reaching 346 micrograms Zn+2ml-1 at the end of the incubation period. The second-order equation was the most effective in describing the behavior of zinc and its reaction rate during the incubation period, representing the period of crop growth.
The Effect of the Type of Tillage and Soil Mulching on some Physical Soil and the Sustainability of its Aggregate on Broccoli
Authors: Al-Falahy F. M. , Al-Nuaymy W. S. S. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
An experiment was conducted in sandy clay loam soil at the research station of the College of Agriculture - Anbar University to study the effect of the type of tillage and soil mulching on some physical soil characteristics and the aggregates sustainable and broccoli yield, this experiment was designed according to the design of splinter panels with three repeaters consisting of two factors: the first tillage with three levels (zero tillage, minimum tillage and conventional tillage) and the second mulching with three levels (without mulching, polyethylene and reed). Broccoli seedlings were planted on 14/10/2022, and service operations were conducted for the crop, and the experiment continued until the plant extraction on 1/3/2023, the change in the soil bulk density, mean weight diameter, slaking value and infiltration, green plant yield and flower yield were measured, and it was noted that the soil bulk density increased at the end of the season compared to its beginning, as the soil bulk density increased by tillage and linear mulching with the progress of the season. The results showed that soil tillage significantly affected the mean weight diameter, as it increased by 8.69 and 73.91% for minimum tillage and conventional tillage respectively, while soil mulching did not affect the mean weight diameter by fast and slow wetting methods, and both tillage and soil mulching did not show any significant effect of the slaking value, but in the overlap it gave the highest value when tillage at the minimum with all types of mulching, as it reached a fixed value of 0.30 mm, and the results showed that the varieties of Aggregates Sustainable, The soil depending on the mean weight diameter by rapid wetting was within unsustainable, either slow wetting it ranged between sustainable and sustainable with another use, and sustainability was classified depending on the slaking value, as unsustainable for all treatments, and gave the highest cumulative infiltration when treating the second level of mulching and tillage, as its value was 30.6 cm min-1, and conventional tillage gave the highest moisture weight to the plant, with a value of 278.2 g plant-1, while the mulching was the highest value in polyethylene, as it reached 2207.8 g plant-1 and conventional tillage also affected significantly the flower yield as its value reached 1159 g plant-1, and the mulching affected significantly in the flower yield with a value of 1392, 1156 g plant-1 when mulched with reed and polyethylene.
A study of the Effect of Electric Power Stations on Vegetative Growth of Schanginia Aegyptiaca from some Heavy Elements (Ni, Pb, Cu, Cd, Zn, Mn, Fe)
Authors: Saloumi Yasser Jassim Hamza , Alabadi Luma Abdalalah Sagban 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
In order to evaluate the state of pollution in the plant and study the behaviour of heavy elements, our current study aimed to choose some plants that grow naturally and do not constitute a food source for humans and animals and to demonstrate their ability to treat soils affected and contaminated with heavy elements. The province of (Babylon, Qadisiyah, Karbala and Najaf) affected by the fumes resulting from the combustion of fuel for some electric power stations, where the results showed a significant increase in the concentrations of iron, manganese and lead, which were high in the affected location of the two electric power stations, Abu Gharq and Al-Khairat, only within the root system of the plant. schanginia aegyptiaca, which grows naturally in those location, and that it has exceeded the permissible limits according to the World Health Organization. Through our study of plant pollution standards, the results showed that all BCF values for all plant samples did not exceed the value of one except for copper, where it was higher than one in all locations except for the soil of the Abu Gharq power station, and this indicates the inefficiency of the schanginia aegyptiaca plant. to extract all the studied elements from the soil to the root system, except for copper. The results also showed that all the values of the BAF bioaccumulation factor did not exceed the values of one, and thus we find that the schanginia aegyptiaca plant does not have the ability in biological treatment because the values for all the elements of the study did not exceed the values of one, which indicates the non-movement of the elements in the root system to the vegetative growth and its accumulation in Cautions, except for zinc and copper. We also notice that all the values of the transfer coefficient TF of the studied elements of the sapiens plant exceeded the value of one, which indicates the ability of the plant to transfer the elements of the study from the root system to the vegetative growth of Schanginia aegyptiaca, whether the elements were slow or easy to move.
Performance Evaluation of an Imported Machine for Corn Threshing
Authors: Al-Shamiry Ismail A. , Abbas Muna 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The aim of the study is to evaluate the performance of an imported threshing machine and modified locally under different speeds for the threshing cylinder (1416, 1814) RPM, using two cultivars of corn: the first (KN-30) and the second (S6668), and three feed rates (1, 2, 3) kg. The experiment was conducted using a split plot design according to the randomized complete block design, with three replications. Some indicators were studied, including the required specific energy, Percentage of damaged grains, threshing efficiency, productivity, and electrical energy consumption. The results showed that the rotational speed of 1814 RPM had a significant effect on specific energy, electrical energy consumption, threshing efficiency, and productivity. The third feed rate (3 kg) had a significant effect on specific energy and productivity. while for the second cultivar of corn (S6668), it had a significant effect on specific energy, Percentage of damaged grains, and productivity.
Assessment of the Performance Efficiency of Eight-Purpose Compound Equipment in One
Authors: Karim Aslam M. H. , Jasim Abdul razzak A. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
A field experiment was conducted to assess the performance of a locally developed and assembled eight-purpose compound equipment and determine its effect on some physical soil properties in a silty clay loam soil in one of the fields of the College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences / University of Baghdad / Jadriyah for the growing season 2022-2023. The experiment used two tractors, the (MF-650) MASSEY FERGUSON and the (MF-5640) MASSEY FERGUSON. The study included two factors: the first factor had three seed rates (3, 4, and 5 kg/donum), and the second factor had three tillage depths (15, 20, and 25 cm). Some performance indicators of the machinery unit were studied, including pulling force, fuel consumption, slippage percentage, and bulk density of the soil. The experiment was conducted using a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with split-plot arrangement and three replications. Seed rates allocated to the main plot, while the tillage depth treatments allocated to the sub-plot. The least significant difference (LSD) at a significance level of 0.05 was used to compare the means of the variables. The results showed significant differences in the performance indicators of the machinery unit due to the tillage depth and seed rate. The depth of 15 cm showed the lowest pulling force, which was 5 kilo Newtons, the lowest slippage percentage of 4.26%, and the lowest fuel consumption of 42.58 L ha-1. The results also confirmed the absence of significant differences in the performance indicators of the machinery unit due to the seed rate and the absence of significant differences in the performance indicators due to the interaction between tillage depth and seed rate.
The Effect of Tillage Depth on some Machinery Unit Performance Indicators, Soil Physical Properties and Germination Percentage using Combine Equipment
Authors: Kareem Aslam M. H. , Jasim Abdul Razzak A. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
A field experiment was conducted to determine the effect of the locally manufactured agricultural machine on some performance indicators of the mechanical unit and some physical soil properties in a silty clay loamy soil texture in one of the fields of the College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences / University of Baghdad/Al-Jadriya for the spring season of 2023. The experiment used a tractor type (MF-650), and the study included one factor, the plowing depths, with three levels: 15, 20, and 25 cm. The study examined some performance indicators of the mechanical unit, including: pulling force, fuel consumption, slippage percentage, soil bulk density, soil moisture content, total soil porosity, germination percentage, number of dropped seeds, and the percentage of broken or damaged dropped seeds. The experimental design used was a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications, and the least significant difference (LSD) test was used at a significance level of 0.05 to compare the means of the variables. The results indicated that increasing the plowing depth from 15 to 20 and then to 25 cm led to a significant increase in the percentage of slippage, which increased from 4.37% to 7.37% and then to 14.33%, respectively. The pulling force also increased from 5.33 to 9.67 and then to 14.44 kilonewtons, respectively. The fuel consumption increased from 43.32 to 56.84 and then to 66.67 liters per hectare, respectively. The bulk density of the soil increased from 1.06 to 1.08 and then to 1.15 micrograms per cubic meter, respectively. There was an increase in soil moisture content from 14.11 to 15.19 and then to 16.63%, respectively. There was no significant effect of plowing depth on the percentage of germination, the number of dropped seeds, and the percentage of broken seeds.
Calculating some Powers and Traction Force for Two Plows in Primary Tillage
Authors: Hamid Ahmed Abd Ali 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Traction force and power requirement when performing primary tillage occupy the minds of almost farmers, this field research had aim to determine and calculate the pulling force of the most commonly used moldboard and chisel plows, the research conducted in silt clay loam for chisel and moldboard plows as the main factor, two depths of tillage 18 and 25 cm as a second factor and three speeds of tractor 2.55, 4.30 and 6.15 km.h-1 as a third factor. Moldboard plow recorded least traction force 7.550 kN, drawbar power 11.583 hp, power losses due to slippage 1.088 hp, power on the rear axle of the tractor 15.770 hp and brake horse power 17.495 hp. Chisel plow recorded best traction efficiency 76.217 % and total traction efficiency 68.659 %. Depth of tillage 18 cm recorded least traction force 7.837 kN, drawbar power 12.190 hp, power losses due to slippage 0.986 hp. Speed tractor 2.55 km.h-1 recorded least traction force 8.246 kN, drawbar power 7.329 hp, power losses due to slippage 0.618 hp, resistance power losses due to motion 1.775 hp and power on the rear axle of tractor 9.723 hp. Correlation among performance indicators were positive and negative correlation significantly, also were insignificant correlation.
Studying of the Amount of Energy Required to Operate the Nursery Tray Planting Machine
Authors: Mageed Faiz F. , Jasim Abdul Razzak A. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
A study was conducted at the University of Baghdad-College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences - Department of Agricultural Machinery and Equipment for the agricultural season 2023 with the aim of designing, manufacturing and testing a machine used to planting agricultural nursery tray with different types of vegetable or horticultural seeds or forest seeds of various forms, and using different agricultural media where they are conducted The planting process is by pulling the seeds with a negative pressure vacuum system, and then they are feding to the dishes in their right place to complete the planting process. The study included three factors: The speed of the main belt in three levels: 0.43, 0.66 and 0.90 m.sec−1 and three types of agricultural media: Petmus, mix of Petmos and silt 1:1 and silt, and three types of seeds that were planted. A factorial experiment was carried out using a design (CRD) with three replications using the least significant difference and a probability level (LSD = 0.05) to compare the mean of the coefficients. Some performance indicators of the machine were studied, including: Consumed electrical power, electric power, the productivity of the machine, and the efficiency of the machine in picking seeds. The results indicated The peat moss medium excelled in recording the least consumed electric power, which amounted to 2075.8 watts, and the lowest electric power, which amounted to 0.007751 kWh. And the third speed of the conveyor belt excelled in achieving the highest productivity of dishes per hour, amounting to 105.08 dishes.hour−1, and the first speed achieved the least consumed power, amounting to 2047.3 watts, and the least consumed electrical energy at the third speed, which amounted to 0.007703 kWh.
Scenario for mitigating climate change in indonesia: circular economy-based waste management (9r)
Authors: Muljaningsih S , Andayani W , Ekawaty M , Nur Asrofi D A 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Waste is identified as one of the contributing factors to climate change in Indonesia. The prevalence of open dumping sites (TPA) that release greenhouse gases, namely CH4 and N2O, there is a pressing need for better waste management. Moreover, a considerable amount of waste remains inadequately managed. Thus, as an initial step towards climate change mitigation, a scenario is developed to implement waste management based on the circular economy concept. Circular economy goes beyond mere waste management. It emphasizes reducing resource and material consumption in the production chain, encapsulated in the 9R framework. The 9R framework comprises ten circular economy principles, numbered from 0 to 9, divided into three major categories: (1) designing and using products more intelligently, (2) extending product lifespans, and (3) extracting value from materials. The numbering of the ten principles within the 9R framework depicts the level of circularity in supporting the circular economy. Consequently, through a literature review methodology, this research aims to create a scenario as a strategic plan for climate change mitigation. This endeavor aligns with the objectives of sustainable development (SDGs).
Analysis of Vegetation Carbon Stock Using Remote Sensing In Penggaron Forest, Central Java Province
Authors: Bashit Nurhadi , Fadillah Ma’ruf Arief , Qoyimah Shofiyatul 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Global warming is a climate problem due to the greenhouse effect so it must be anticipated from external factors in the form of carbon stocks from forest vegetation. Forest areas have an important role in maintaining carbon reserves so that they become a pillar of controlling carbon emissions, one of which is the Penggaron Forest in Ungaran City. The Penggaron Forest needs to be studied regarding estimates of carbon stock abundance so that the research carries out estimates using remote sensing data. The method in this research uses light use efficiency (LUE). The concept of this method estimates vegetation biomass based on 3 parameters such as the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) value to model the fraction of photosynthetic active radiation (fPAR), maximum efficiency of using sunlight, and photosynthetic active radiation (PAR). This research resulted in an estimate of the total carbon stock content in the Penggaron Forest of 3,049,515.14 KgC with a forest area of 9,183 km2. 46,921 cm. Accuracy testing was carried out for carbon stock modeling which obtained an RMSE value of 97.289 KgC. The carbon stock modeling estimation was carried out by the Pearson correlation test which obtained a correlation result of 0.0974.
The Use of Polymeric Materials of Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) and Polypropylene (PP) as the media of Anaerobic-aerobic bioreactors in treating wastewater from the tofu industry
Authors: Mangarengi N A P , Abdullah N O , Alam S 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Small-scale businesses often dominate the tofu sector in Makassar City, preventing any prior wastewater management. While tofu is typically produced on a household scale, the wastewater treatment process is limited due to the need for suitable technology and high prices. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct this research to obtain tofu wastewater results that meet environmental discharge standards and develop a straightforward and affordable waste treatment concept. A laboratory scale with an experimental method is used in this study, where the test parameters used were BOD, COD, and TSS using two types of biofilter media, namely mineral water bottle media made of PET plastic and plastic straw media made of PP plastic with variations in observation time of 24 hours for six days. The results presented that the efficiency of the average removal in plastic-media reactors with mineral water bottles reduced BOD by 88.30%, COD by 88.97%, and TSS by 79.13%. The straw-based plastic reactor reduced BOD by 86.74%, COD by 85.41%, and TSS by 67.03%. The effectiveness value obtained shows that biofilter media made from plastic mineral bottles (PET) produces better effectiveness in removing BOD, COD, and TSS than biofilter media made from plastic straws (PP).
Suitability of Water from Tropical Epikarst Spring for Irrigation in the Gunungsewu Karst Area, Indonesia
Authors: Cahyadi A , Riyanto I A , Adji T N 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Epikarst springs which are dominated by diffuse flows with undeveloped conduits commonly have hydrogeochemical characteristics that are strongly influenced by water-rock interactions. Gedong Spring is an epikarst spring in the Gunungsewu Karst Area, Java Island, Indonesia, which functions as the main source of irrigation water for the surrounding paddy fields. This research was conducted due to the importance to analyze further investigations to determine whether the hydrogeochemical characteristics of the Gedong Epikarst Springs were suitable for agricultural purposes. Therefore, this study aims to determine the quality of water from the epikarst spring temporally which is used for agricultural irrigation, especially rice fields. The study was carried out for one year with sampling intervals of every two weeks. Analysis of water suitability for irrigation purposes was performed using Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR), Sodium Percentage (Na%), USSL Diagram, Wilcox Diagram, Residual Sodium Carbonate (RSC), Magnesium Hazard (MH), Permeability Index (PI), Kelly’s ratio (KR), and Hardness (CaCO3). Based on the results obtained from nine different methods, it can be concluded that the water from the Gedong Spring has good potential for year-round agricultural irrigation.
A review of smart agricultural transition to achieving Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): smart irrigation system
Authors: Priyambada I B , Hardyanti N , Budihardjo M A , Puspita A S , Cahyati A P 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Smart agriculture is important in achieving the SDGs, especially food and water. The transition to using smart irrigation systems is highly recommended, considering that this transition can optimize agricultural production. A smart irrigation system is a unified irrigation process integrated with automated technology and IoT (Internet of Things) that drives a new direction of smart agricultural technology development. This study highlights the smart irrigation system as the smart agricultural transition concerning SDGs. The main method was a qualitative review based on a literature study with the criteria for exclusion consisting of indexed journals, review papers or research articles, and publications published within the last decade. The review shows the irrigation control and monitoring used in recent years. Other than that, as a brief report on the current status of IoT-related smart irrigation development, several types of effective smart irrigation that have been done before are compared. Discussed the perspective of SDGs, the goal indicators achieved through smart irrigation showed good results; 11 indicators were achieved. Thus, the challenges and prospects of IoT-related development for smart irrigation are discussed. This study will help researchers and farmers understand clever irrigation more effectively and precisely.