bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Infrastructure Development in the UK: Key Drivers and Implementation Challenges.
Authors: Seidu Rafiu  Dimeji , Robinson Herbert , Young Bert Ediale , Ryan Michael , Fong Daniel 
Published: October 2023

Infrastructure is a critical factor in fostering strong and sustained economic growth, hence, sufficient attention should be given to the allocation of investment. Although UK infrastructure investment have risen in line with the global trend, the level of investment remains in the lower percentile when compared to other leading countries such as Singapore and China.
The study examines the challenges of infrastructure development in the UK and explored the policies required to stimulate investment. Using semi-structured interviews, the views of key stakeholders involved in infrastructure operating across key sectors of transport and energy were captured to gain an insight into the key policy drivers of infrastructure investment.

Findings from the research suggests that policy changes are required to stimulate significant investment if the UK is to become a world leader in infrastructure. Key criticisms of UK infrastructure policy focussed on comparatively low level of investment, inadequate collaboration between key stakeholders, and the regional bias of investment in favour of London which disproportionately affects the Northern regions.
To facilitate economic growth, the identification of future investible pipeline of infrastructure projects, increasing collaboration with local stakeholders and addressing the regional biases will be critical to ensure synergy and ownership and to scale up the implementation of UK future infrastructure development plans. Considerations should also be given to the need to set up infrastructure banks similar to what is in operation in other countries such as China and Singapore to stimulate private investment and to complement public sector budget allocations. Improving infrastructure project implementation through institutional coordination will boost economic growth post Brexit, support the development of new trading agreements and enhance the country’s economic performance after the pandemic.
The Effectiveness Of Liquefied Organic Fertilizer (LOF) Market Waste On Increased Growth and Red-Spinach Production (Amarathus tricolor. L)
Authors: Lengkong Edy F. , Malintoi Friska , Najoan Jemmy , Paat Frangky J. , Ogie Tommy B. , Nangoi Ronny 
Published: October 2023

Abstract. Edy Lengkong1*, Friska Malintoi 1, Jemmy Najoan1, Frangky J. Paat1, Tommy B. Ogie1, , Ronny Nangoi1. The Effectiveness Of Liquefied Organic Fertilizer (LOF) Market Waste On Increased Growth and Red-Spinach Production (Amarathus tricolor. L). Ekoton 11. 44-6.
Red spinach (Amarathus tricolor L.) is a commodity that has very high development, it is proven that the number of requests tends to increase. Not inferior to other horticultural crops, red spinach plants have a fairly high economic value. Apart from being consumed every time, red spinach also contains nutrients needed by the body (Irwan et al., 2005). According to the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) in 2017, the total harvested area of ​​spinach in Indonesia in 2017 reached 40,608 hectares with a production of 160,248 tons ranks 9th out of 18 commercial vegetables cultivated and produced in Indonesia. There are 3 traditional markets in Manado City, namely Bahu Market in Malalayang District, Karombasan Market in Wanea District, and Bersehati Market in Wenang District. Can giving market waste POC affect the growth and yield of red spinach? The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of giving market waste POC to the growth and yield of red spinach. And knowing the best POC concentration for the growth and yield of red spinach. It is hoped that this research can provide information on the use of market waste as a source of nutrients for the growth and yield of red spinach in the form of liquid organic fertilizer (POC). This research was arranged using a Randomized Block Design (RAK) with 5 treatments of POC concentration of market waste on red spinach plants. P0: control, P1: 25%, P2: 50%, P3: 75%, P4:100%. Each treatment consisted of 5 plant samples and was repeated 3 times to obtain 75 samples. Market waste POC with a concentration of 75% is the best concentration on the variable height of red spinach plants.
Keywords: POC, Red Spinach, Market Garbage
Analysis Of Irrigation Water Quality For Fields In Treman Village, North Minahasa Kauditan Regency
Authors: Salsabella Syafira , Polii Bobby , Rotinsulu Wiske , Paat Frangky , Porong Jellie , Lumingkewas Adeleyda , Luntungan Jooudie , Wantasen Sofia 
Published: October 2023

Abstract. Syafira Salsabella1), Bobby J. V. Polii1*), Wiske Ch. Rotinsulu1) , Frangky J. Paat1), Jellie V. Porong1) , Adeleyda M. W. Lumingkewas1), Jooudie N. Luntungan 2) , Sofia Wantasen. Analysis Of Irrigation Water Quality For Fields In Treman Village, North Minahasa Kauditan Regency. Ekoton 5. 28-35.
This study aims to determine the quality of irrigation water in rice fields in Treman Village, Kauditan District, North Minahasa. This research was conducted for two (2) months, namely from March to April 2023. This research was conducted using purposive sampling method, the sampling technique is Composite. Research samples were taken at three points, namely the Primary Canal, Secondary Canal, and Tertiary Canal. Samples were taken as much as 4500 mL in each Canal, then analyzed at the Manado Industrial Research and Standardization Center Laboratory. The data obtained was analyzed using Bar Chart Statistics. The research shows that the Irrigation Water Quality of Rice Field Areas in Treman Village, Kauditan District, North Minahasa is still classified as very good because it meets the requirements as irrigation water according to Water Quality Of Irrigation based on Ayers & Westcott (1995), and there is no pollution based on Government Regulation No. 22 of 2021 concerning the Implementation of Protection and Management of Irrigation Water.
Keywords: Quality of irrigation water, Sodium Absorption Ratio
Solution deposition planarization of stainless steel foil for fabricating Al-doped ZnO film
Authors: Hiraoka Keita , Matsumoto Kaname , Horide Tomoya 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
ZnO exhibits various properties, and fabrication of ZnO (including doped ZnO) films are required for device and energy applications. Metals such as stainless steel (SUS) are promising substrates, but deposition of flat films is difficult on as-received metals because of surface roughness. In addition, when films are deposited directly on metals, the electrical resistance is dominated by the substrate. To overcome these problems, solution deposition planarization (SDP) was investigated for SUS. SiO2 solution was spin-coated and heat-treated in air to prepare a flat SDP layer. Flat polycrystalline films of Al-doped ZnO (AZO) were fabricated on the SDP layer. The electrical resistance of AZO/SDP/SUS was determined by AZO, the influence of the SUS is not observed. Thus, the insulation and planarization were simultaneously achieved by the SDP layer. This study shows that polycrystalline AZO films can be deposited on metals with the SDP without a complicated intermediate multilayer structure.
Evaluasi Metode Penyuluhan Gizi Dalam Pencegahan Anemia Pada Remaja Putri Di Wilayah Puskesmas Bandarharjo Kota Semarang
Authors: Susantini Purwanti , Bening Salsa , Ekawati Rany 
Published: October 2023

Anemia remaja putri di Indonesia dan khususnya wilayah Bandarharjo Kecamatan Semarang Utara Kota Semarang masih diatas 20 % yaitu sebanyak 29,59 %. Dampak dari anemia pada remaja putri adalah menurunnya konsentrasi belajar, kurang produktif dan jangka panjangnya adalah kehamilan yang kurang sehat sehingga bisa melahirkan anak risiko stunting dan BBLR. Selama ini diwilayah Bandarharjo sudah dilakukan pendidikan gizi tetapi belum dilakukan evalusi tingkat pengetahuan dan sikap tentang anemia. Pendidikan gizi yang dilakukan di Wilayah Bandarharjo yaitu dengan metode Penyuluhan. Peserta penyuluhan sebanyak 49 orang. Penyuluhan dengan metode ceramah tanya jawab dengan media PPT, dan pembagian leaflet. Nara sumber Penyuluhan adalah Dosen Program Studi S1 Gizi Universitas Muhammadiyah Semarang. Pengukuran pengetahuan dan sikap dengan melakukan pre test sebelum penyuluhan dan post test sesudah penyuluhan. Hasil metode penyuluhan, rata-rata tingkat pengetahuan sebelum dan sesudah mengalami kenaikan sebesar 23,13 %, dari 58,22 % menjadi 81,35 % dan nilai p = 0,00. Rata-rata sikap juga mengalami peningkatan dari 30,49 % menjadi 32,33 % dengan nilai p = 0,001, Jadi metode penyuluhan dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan dan sikap remaja putri tentang anemia secara signifikan.
Evaluation Of Counseling Methods for Adolescent Women in Preventing Anemia At Bandarharjo Health Center Semarang City
Anemia of young women in the Bandarharjo area, North Semarang District, Semarang City is still above 20% which is 29.59%. The impact of anemia is decreased concentration in studying, less productive and in the long term is an unhealthy pregnancy that can give birth to children at risk of stunting and low birth weight. So far, nutrition education has been carried out in the Bandarharjo area, but there has not been an evaluation of the level of knowledge and attitudes about anemia. The nutrition education carried out by Counseling method. The counseling participants were 49 people. Counseling with PPT media, and leaflets. Counseling facilitators were Lecturers of the Undergraduate Nutrition Study Program, Muhammadiyah University of Semarang. Measurement of knowledge and attitudes by conducting pre-test and post-test after counseling. The results of the counseling method, the average level of knowledge before and after increased by 23.13%, from 58.22% to 81.35% and p = 0.00. The average attitude also increased from 30.49% to 32.33% with a value of p = 0.001. So the counseling method can significantly increase the knowledge and attitudes of young women about anemia.
Cross-language morphological transfer in similar-script bilinguals
Authors: Kahraman Hasibe , de Wit Bianca , Beyersmann Elisabeth 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe current study explored cross-language morphological transfer mechanisms using a similar-script morphological translation priming paradigm in highly proficient unbalanced Turkish (first language; L1)–English (second language; L2) bilinguals. Using noncognate English and Turkish stimuli that shared a similar meaning with no form overlap (e.g., ice [Eng.] – buz [Tur.]), in Experiment 1, L2 English stem targets (e.g., ICE) were primed by affixed L1 nonwords (e.g., buzca [iceish]), nonaffixed L1 nonwords (e.g., buznak [iceald]), and unrelated L1 nonwords (e.g., tuşku [keyment]). The results revealed priming effects in both the affixed and nonaffixed nonword conditions relative to the unrelated control, and significantly larger priming in the affixed than the nonaffixed condition. In addition, enhanced cross-language morphological transfer effects were evidenced in bilinguals with an earlier age of L2 acquisition. In Experiment 2, English stem targets (e.g., ICE) were primed by nonaffixed L1 nonwords including translated stems (e.g., buznak [iceald]), semantically related stems (e.g., suzur [waterew]), and unrelated L1 nonwords (e.g., tuşzur [keyew]). The results showed significantly larger priming effects in the translated condition compared with the semantic and unrelated control conditions, with no priming in the semantic condition relative to the unrelated condition, suggesting that cross-language morphological priming effects were specifically due to the lexico-semantic relationship between the embedded word and its translation equivalent.
Transfer of statistical learning from passive speech perception to speech production
Authors: Murphy Timothy K. , Nozari Nazbanou , Holt Lori L. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractCommunicating with a speaker with a different accent can affect one’s own speech. Despite the strength of evidence for perception-production transfer in speech, the nature of transfer has remained elusive, with variable results regarding the acoustic properties that transfer between speakers and the characteristics of the speakers who exhibit transfer. The current study investigates perception-production transfer through the lens of statistical learning across passive exposure to speech. Participants experienced a short sequence of acoustically variable minimal pair (beer/pier) utterances conveying either an accent or typical American English acoustics, categorized a perceptually ambiguous test stimulus, and then repeated the test stimulus aloud. In the canonical condition, /b/–/p/ fundamental frequency (F0) and voice onset time (VOT) covaried according to typical English patterns. In the reverse condition, the F0xVOT relationship reversed to create an “accent” with speech input regularities atypical of American English. Replicating prior studies, F0 played less of a role in perceptual speech categorization in reverse compared with canonical statistical contexts. Critically, this down-weighting transferred to production, with systematic down-weighting of F0 in listeners’ own speech productions in reverse compared with canonical contexts that was robust across male and female participants. Thus, the mapping of acoustics to speech categories is rapidly adjusted by short-term statistical learning across passive listening and these adjustments transfer to influence listeners’ own speech productions.
Evidence for Large-scale, Rapid Gas Inflows in z ∼ 2 Star-forming Disks
Authors: Genzel R. , Jolly J.-B. , Liu D. , Price S. H. , Lee L. L. , Förster Schreiber N. M. , Tacconi L. J. , Herrera-Camus R. , Barfety C. , Burkert A. , Cao Y. , Davies R. I. , Dekel A. , Lee M. M. , Lutz D. , Naab T. , Neri R. , Nestor Shachar A. , Pastras S. , Pulsoni C. , Renzini A. , Schuster K. , Shimizu T. T. , Stanley F. , Sternberg A. , Übler H. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
We report high-quality Hα/CO imaging spectroscopy of nine massive (log median stellar mass = 10.65 M
⊙) disk galaxies on the star-forming main sequence (henceforth SFGs), near the peak of cosmic galaxy evolution (z ∼ 1.1–2.5), taken with the ESO Very Large Telescope, IRAM-NOEMA, and Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array. We fit the major axis position–velocity cuts with beam-convolved, forward models with a bulge, a turbulent rotating disk, and a dark matter (DM) halo. We include priors for stellar and molecular gas masses, optical light effective radii and inclinations, and DM masses from our previous rotation curve analysis of these galaxies. We then subtract the inferred 2D model-galaxy velocity and velocity dispersion maps from those of the observed galaxies. We investigate whether the residual velocity and velocity dispersion maps show indications for radial flows. We also carry out kinemetry, a model-independent tool for detecting radial flows. We find that all nine galaxies exhibit significant nontangential flows. In six SFGs, the inflow velocities (v

r
∼ 30–90 km s−1, 10%–30% of the rotational component) are along the minor axis of these galaxies. In two cases the inflow appears to be off the minor axis. The magnitudes of the radial motions are in broad agreement with the expectations from analytic models of gravitationally unstable, gas-rich disks. Gravitational torques due to clump and bar formation, or spiral arms, drive gas rapidly inward and result in the formation of central disks and large bulges. If this interpretation is correct, our observations imply that gas is transported into the central regions on ∼10 dynamical timescales.
Effective Reaction Temperatures of Irreversible Dust Chemical Reactions in a Protoplanetary Disk
Authors: Ishizaki Lily , Tachibana Shogo , Okamoto Tamami , Yamamoto Daiki , Ida Shigeru 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Dust particles in protoplanetary disks experience various chemical reactions under different physicochemical conditions through their accretion and diffusion, which results in the radial chemical gradient of dust. We performed three-dimensional Monte Carlo simulations to evaluate the dust trajectories and the progress of fictitious irreversible reactions, of which kinetics is expressed by the Johnson–Mehl–Avrami equation. The distribution of the highest temperature that each particle experiences before the degree of reaction exceeds a certain level shows the lognormal distribution, and its mode temperature was used as the effective reaction temperature. Semi-analytical prediction formulas of the effective reaction temperature and its dispersion were derived by comparing a reaction timescale with a diffusive transport timescale of dust as a function of the reaction parameters and the disk parameters. The formulas reproduce the numerical results of the effective reaction temperatures and their dispersions within 5.5% and 24%, respectively, in a wide temperature range (200–1400 K). We applied the formulas for the crystallization of amorphous silicate dust and its oxygen isotope exchange with the H2O vapor based on the experimentally determined kinetics. For submicron-sized amorphous forsterite dust, the predicted effective reaction temperature for the oxygen isotope exchange was lower than that of crystallization without overlap even considering their dispersions. This suggests that the amorphous silicate dust in the protosolar disk could exchange their oxygen isotopes efficiently with the 16O-poor H2O vapor, resulting in the distinct oxygen isotope compositions from the Sun.
Asteroseismology Sheds Light on the Origin of Carbon-deficient Red Giants: Likely Merger Products and Linked to the Li-rich Giants
Authors: Maben Sunayana , Campbell Simon W. , Kumar Yerra Bharat , Reddy Bacham E. , Zhao Gang 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Carbon-deficient red giants (CDGs) are a peculiar class of stars that have eluded explanation for decades. We aim to better characterize CDGs by using asteroseismology (Kepler, TESS) combined with spectroscopy (APOGEE, LAMOST), and astrometry (Gaia). We discovered 15 new CDGs in the Kepler field, and confirm that CDGs are rare, as they are only 0.15% of our background sample. Remarkably, we find that our CDGs are almost exclusively in the red clump (RC) phase. Asteroseismic masses reveal that our CDGs are primarily low-mass stars (M ≲ 2 M
⊙), in contrast to previous studies, which suggested they are intermediate mass (M = 2.5–5.0 M
⊙) based on HR diagrams. A very high fraction of our CDGs (50%) are also Li-rich giants. We observe a bimodal distribution of luminosity in our CDGs, with one group having normal RC luminosity and the other being a factor of 2 more luminous than expected for their masses. We find demarcations in chemical patterns and luminosities, which lead us to split them into three groups: (i) normal-luminosity CDGs, (ii) overluminous CDGs, and (iii) overluminous highly polluted CDGs. We conclude that a merger of a helium white dwarf with a red giant branch star is the most likely scenario for the two groups of overluminous stars. Binary mass-transfer from intermediate-mass asymptotic giant branch stars is a possibility for the highly polluted overluminous group. For the normal-luminosity CDGs, we cannot distinguish between core He-flash pollution or lower-mass merger scenarios. Due to the overlap with the CDGs, Li-rich giants may have similar formation channels.
The Galaxy Number Density Profile of Halos
Authors: Qin Fei , Parkinson David , Stevens Adam R. H. , Howlett Cullan 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
More precise measurements of galaxy clustering will be provided by the next generation of galaxy surveys, such as DESI, WALLABY, and the Square Kilometre Array. To utilize this information to improve our understanding of the Universe, we need to accurately model the distribution of galaxies in their host dark matter halos. In this work, we present a new galaxy number density profile of halos, which makes predictions for the positions of galaxies in the host halo, different to the widely adopted Navarro–Frenk–White (NFW) profile, since galaxies tend to be found more in the outskirts of halos (nearer the virial radius) than an NFW profile. The parameterized galaxy number density profile model of halos is fit and tested using the Dark Sage semi-analytic model of galaxy formation. We find that our galaxy number density profile model of halos can accurately reproduce the halo occupation distribution and galaxy two-point correlation function of the Dark Sage simulation. We also derive the analytic expressions for the circular velocity and gravitational potential energy for this profile model. We use the SDSS Data Release 10 galaxy group catalog to validate this galaxy number density profile model of halos. Compared to the NFW profile, we find that our model more accurately predicts the positions of galaxies in their host halo and the galaxy two-point correlation function.
The Chandra Cygnus OB2 Legacy Survey: Design and X-Ray Point-source Catalog
Authors: Wright Nicholas J. , Drake Jeremy J. , Guarcello Mario G. , Aldcroft Tom L. , Kashyap Vinay L. , Damiani Francesco , DePasquale Joe , Fruscione Antonella 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The Cygnus OB2 association is the largest concentration of young and massive stars within 2 kpc of the Sun, including an estimated ∼65 O-type stars and hundreds of OB stars. The Chandra Cygnus OB2 Legacy Survey is a large imaging program undertaken with the Advanced CCD Imaging Spectrometer on board the Chandra X-ray Observatory. The survey has imaged the central 0.5 deg2 of the Cyg OB2 association with an effective exposure of ∼120 ks and an outer 0.35 deg2 area with an exposure of ∼60 ks. Here we describe the survey design and observations, discuss the data reduction and source detection, and present a catalog of ∼8000 X-ray point sources. The survey design employs a grid of 36 heavily (∼50%) overlapping pointings, a method that overcomes Chandra's low off-axis sensitivity and produces a highly uniform exposure over the inner 0.5 deg2. The full X-ray catalog is described here and is made available online.
Simulating the Sensitivity to Stellar Point Sources of Chandra X-Ray Observations
Authors: Wright Nicholas J. , Drake Jeremy J. , Guarcello Mario G. , Kashyap Vinay L. , Zezas Andreas 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The Chandra Cygnus OB2 Legacy Survey is a wide and deep X-ray survey of the nearby and massive Cygnus OB2 association. The survey has detected ∼8000 X-ray sources, the majority of which are pre-main-sequence X-ray-emitting young stars in the association itself. To facilitate quantitative scientific studies of these sources, as well as the underlying OB association, it is important to understand the sensitivity of the observations and the level of completeness the observations have obtained. Here we describe the use of a hierarchical Monte Carlo simulation to achieve this goal by combining the empirical properties of the observations, analytic estimates of the source verification process, and an extensive set of source detection simulations. We find that our survey reaches a 90% completeness level for a pre-main-sequence population at the distance of Cyg OB2 at an X-ray luminosity of 4 × 1030 erg s−1 and a stellar mass of 1.3 M
⊙ for a randomly distributed population. For a spatially clustered population such as Cyg OB2 the 90% completeness level is reached at 1.1 M
⊙ instead, as the sources are more concentrated in areas of our survey with a high exposure. These simulations can easily be adapted for use with other X-ray observations and surveys, and we provide X-ray detection efficiency curves for a very wide array of source and background properties to allow these simulations to be easily exploited by other users.