bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring the Distinct Characteristic of Two Procedures for Sulcus Implementation following Posterior Capsular Rupture during Phacoemulsification: Single-piece Foldable IOLs and Polymethylmethacrylate IOLs
Authors: Pramono Barii Hafidh , Sophian Darmawan M. 
Published: February 2024

Introduction : Posterior capsular rupture (PCR) is one of the most feared complications of phacoemulsification. In? the?bag implantation of the lens becomes difficult if the PCR was large. Implantation of rigid polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) or single?piece foldable IOL is implanted in the sulcus
Case Illustration : After noting the PCR on both patients, single?piece foldable IOL of the same power was implanted in the ciliary sulcus. Same action was implemented to PMMA IOLs by enlarging the main port twice. Intracameral pilocarpine was injected and vitrectomy anterior was performed. The wound was closed with hydration on single-piece foldable IOL, meanwhile on PMMA IOLs, one hecting is required in the middle of mainport wound. The postoperative VA on day 1 from 0.12 on single-piece foldable IOLs and 0.25 on PMMA IOLs. Corneal edema, increased anterior chamber reaction was seen on single-piece foldable IOLs. Raised IOP was not found on both patients
Discussion : Complications implantation single?piece foldable IOLs such as pigment dispersion syndrome, increased IOP. A surgical peripheral iridectomy can be created as a solution. Complication less likely occurred on the patient with longer axial length. The AL on this patient is AL 23.33 mm (single?piece foldable IOLs) and 24.08 mm (PMMA IOLs). The weakness of single piece foldable acrylic lenses are poor choice for ciliary sulcus placement and PMMA IOLs can induce astigmatism.
Conclusion : Single-piece foldable IOLs are not designed for sulcus implantation. PMMA IOLs implantation can induce astigmatism.
An Alternative in Managing Duane Retraction Syndrome Type I Using Modified Nishida Procedure: A Case Report
Authors: Dearaini  , Anna Puspitasari Bani  
Published: February 2024

Introduction : Various surgical approaches have been proposed to address the challenge in managing abduction deficit in Duane Retraction Syndrome (DRS) Type I, with no clear guidelines to achieve optimal result. This report aims to describe the outcome of combining medial rectus (MR) recession and modified Nishida procedure to improve abduction in DRS Type I.
Case Illustration : Twenty six year-old female came with inability to abduct her left eye (LE) since early childhood and an abnormal left head turn. No complaints of double vision nor visual impairment. There was -5 abduction on LE with a noticeable narrowing of vertical palpebral fissure during adduction. Prism alternate prism cover test shared a 30 PD esotropia with normal anterior and posterior segment. Patient was assessed with DRS Type I of LE and managed with 5mm MR recession combined with modified Nishida procedure (vertical rectus transposition without tenotomy and muscle splitting). On postoperative day 1 and last follow-up (1 year), the alignment was ortophoric, abduction improvement of -2, and diminished anomalous head posture.
Discussion : Although studies have only reported successful cases of modified Nishida procedure in CN VI palsy, it can be assumed that the procedure can also be implemented to treat lateral rectus muscle innervation abnormality such as in DRS type I. Surgical intervention may not normalize abduction deficit. However, the procedure successfully corrects ocular alignment, eliminates anomalous head posture, and able to improve abduction with no complications.
Conclusion : Modified Nishida procedure can be implemented as an alternative in managing DRS type I with relatively satisfactory result.
Glabellar rotation flap technique in patient with squamous cell carcinoma in right upper eyelid: case reports
Authors: SENYUM INDRAKILA  
Published: February 2024

Introduction : Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the second most common skin malignancy after basal cell carcinoma, with an increasing incidence worldwide. Found in various parts of the body, in the eye and periocular area, it may affect the skin of the conjunctiva, cornea, and eyelid. Surgical excision is the preferred mode of SCC treatment. After excision, reconstructive surgery is often required for the best functional and cosmetic results. Early diagnosis and treatment of tumors and follow up care for at least 5 years have a significant impact on patient survival.
Case Illustration: Description of two cases squamous cell carcinoma that had undergone reconstructive biopsy and blepharoplasty procedure with glabellar rotation flap technique alone in one case and together with a cheek advancement flap in the second one. In both cases, conjunctival replacement by using lower labial mucosa.
Discussion : In both cases tumor affects the margin of the upper eyelid, therefore flap reconstruction is necessary to maintain eyelid function and esthetics. The glabellar flap has the advantages of being a fast surgery, having a good vascular supply, and being able to fill deep abnormalities because it is a thick flap. A cheek lateral rotation flap was designed to avoid unnecessary facial distortion in second case.
Conclusion : Glabellar rotation flap alone or together with cheek advancement flap was done to maintain function and physical aesthetic of eyelid. Additional cheek lateral rotation flap could reduce skin tension.
Ocular Manifestation of Monkeypox: A Systematic Reviews
Authors: Dr. Wilson Christianto Khudrati  , Dr. Titiek Ernawati, dr., SpM  , Dr. Kevin Anggakusuma Hendrawan  
Published: February 2024

Introduction & Objectives : On July 23, 2022, the World Health Organization declared the monkeypox epidemic a global public health emergency. The majority of clinical studies on monkeypox have concentrated on its dermatological symptoms, but mounting data raises questions regarding its ocular side effects.
Methods : Thirteen studies were found among the 541 distinct articles that were evaluated. Overall, ten studies were case reports, two studies of case series, and one observational cohort study. Ocular manifestations of monkeypox were vesicopapular lesions on the eyelid and conjunctiva, conjunctivitis, epiphora, photophobia, foreign body sensation, eye edema, vision changes, eye pain, itchy eyes, eye discharge, bilateral eye involvement, corneal involvement, keratitis, and subconjunctival nodules.
Results : The most prevalent ocular symptoms of monkeypox were conjunctivitis, followed by eye pain and photophobia. It is still unknown whether the ocular involvement is due to self-inoculation or the systemic transmission of the virus during the early viral phase of the illness. Despite some theories involving the transit of monkeypox into the conjunctival secretions via the plasma compartment, this study also showed that conjunctival swab PCR is 100% positive, equal to skin lesion swabs.
Conclusion : In conclusion, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first review with a larger sample and the newest study to report the ocular manifestations of monkeypox disease. The primary ocular symptoms were conjunctivitis, eye pain, and photophobia. In addition, it is advised that healthcare professionals, especially ophthalmologists, use eye protection goggles when close to patients.
Disaster of Retrobulbar Hemorrhage
Authors: AMELIA DEVY INDRIASARI  , Purjanto Tepo Utomo  , Agus Supartoto  , Banu Aji Dibyasakti  , Irene Titin Darajati  , Datu Respatika  
Published: February 2024

Introduction : Retrobulbar hemorrhage is a rare case, 3.6% of which are caused by ocular trauma. However, this case is an ophthalmic emergency and must be treated quickly and accurately. We present a case of neglected traumatic retrobulbar hemorrhage with compartment-syndrome and opportunistic bacterial infection which underwent dilemmatic exenteration and orbitectomy.
Case Illustration : A 39-year-old man was referred with a history of being beaten, 11 days before admission. He felt a dark vision, pain and swelling in his left eye. The visual acuity was no light perception. Eyelid necrosis with proptosis and periorbital edema. We found severe chemosis and cloudy cornea. Negative-light reflex with increase intraocular pressure and limited eye movement in all directions. We did three surgeries due to serious complication. First, evacuation of retrobulbar bleeding. The second was total exenteration. The last was left orbitectomy, necrotomy and reconstruction performed together with plastic-surgeon and neuro-surgeon. Patient was hospitalized for 1.5 months.
Discussion : Accumulation of blood in retrobulbar space leads to increased orbital pressure, which can stretch the optic nerve and impair blood flow in the eye which can lead to orbital compartment-syndrome. Unwanted complications can be prevented with prompt treatment within the first-two hours. Orbital decompression with lateral canthotomy and inferior cantholysis is considered as an emergency procedure. In this case, our patient had chronic compartment-syndrome and had no previous orbital decompression.
Conclusion : Retrobulbar hemorrhage is an ophthalmic emergency. Early diagnosis and treatment are critical to ensure the best clinical outcome. Delayed treatment causes blindness and opportunistic infections can destroy the surrounding structure, a disaster.
Challenging Management in Work-Related Eye Injuries: A Case Report of Steam Boiler Explosion-Induced Open Globe Injury
Authors: Rifhani Atthaya Putri  , Rodiah Rahmawaty Lubis  
Published: February 2024

Introduction : Work-related eye injuries (WREIs) are major health problems leading to vision loss worldwide. In this study, we reported a case of WREIs from blast injury caused by a steam boiler explosion
Case Illustration : A 55-year-old male, laundry worker presented to the emergency unit with pain, bleeding, and sudden vision loss in the left eye, 8-hours after a blast injury from steam boiler. He was conscious with normal vital signs. He had lacerations to his left eyelid, frontal, and temporoparietal. Ocular examination revealed a visual acuity of no light perception, full-thickness laceration of the lower eyelid and inferior canalicular, diffuse subconjunctival hemorrhage, corneoscleral laceration with choroidal expulsion, and active bleeding. On investigation, B-scan ultrasonography revealed vitreous hemorrhage and CT scan showed no orbital fracture. He underwent evisceration, eyelid reconstruction, and lacrimal canaliculi repair surgery under general anesthesia and planned to custom-made ocular prosthesis.
Discussion : WREIs include eyeball injuries, eye adnexa injuries, eyelid lacerations, and orbital wall fractures that occur during work-related activities. The incidence of WREIs is higher in men aged 20-40 years. In this case, the patient presented with an open globe injury resulting in sudden vision loss, requiring urgent surgical intervention to prevent further complications. Ocular prostheses can provide acceptable aesthetics and improve the patient's quality of life by helping them to integrate into society.
Conclusion : WREIs can lead to permanent vision loss and require urgent surgical intervention. Employers must prioritize workplace safety by providing adequate training and appropriate eye protection such as safety goggles to minimize the risk of eye injuries.
Management of Lateral Canthal Coloboma in Goldenhar Syndrome: A Rare Case Report
Authors: KETUT PRAMANA ADIPUTRA  , PUTU YULIAWATI  , NI MADE LAKSMI UTARI  
Published: February 2024

Introduction : Goldenhar syndrome is a rare congenital disorder characterized by a wide range of physical anomalies affecting the face, ears, eyes, and spine.
Case Illustration : Patient, female 19-year-old, complained of growing mass and blurry vision on right eye since childhood. The patient also has an asymetric face with the right side being smaller then left. She also has hearing disorder on her right ear. Ophthalmology examination revealed right eye's visual acuity is 6/120, lateral canthus coloboma , trichiasis and mass on the inferior palpebral, and conjunctiva attached to the cornea. Left eye is within normal limit. The right ear appears deformed, with no ear canal and preauricular skin tags. Patient underwent conjungtiva tumor excision and given labia mucosa graft with canthoplasty. Histology examination revealed benign lipomatous tumor. Patient feels more confident after oculoplasty surgery.
Discussion : Goldenhar syndrome is a rare condition caused by abnormal development of the first and second branchial arches. It is characterized by a wide range of ocular features, including eyelid and iris coloboma, conjungtiva dermoid or dermolipoma, and more. Beside ocular features, other features are ear malformations, facial asymmetry, cleft lip or palate, and vertebral anomalies. It was unique case because an unformed canthus was found due to a large of conjunctival fornix mass. Appropriate management is necessary for a fulfilling life, though the disorder can have significant psychosocial effects.
Conclusion : Goldenhar syndrome is a rare disease with numerous symptoms and its management is crucial for individuals to have a fulfilling life despite its potentially significant psychosocial impacts.
Spontaneous Ocular Haemorrhage
Authors: Klarissa Chrishalim  , Cisca Kuswidyati  
Published: February 2024

Introduction : Hemorrhagic complications are one of the major complications encountered with reperfusion therapies but rarely involve the ocular, especially hyphema.
Case Illustration : a 61-year-old woman presented with blurred vision, discomfort, and red eye in her right eye. She had been treated for hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and coronary artery disease with antiplatelet and other oral medication for 5 years. There was no history of eye trauma or Valsalva-like maneuver effort. The best corrected visual acuity was 20/40 in both eyes and there was no relative afferent pupillary defect. Both eyes had normal IOP. A slit lamp examination revealed pool blood in the anterior chamber as hyphema grade 1. Fundus examination showed dot and blot hemorrhage with cupping discs 0.6 and 0.7. USG examination showed no mass and clear vitreous. The antiplatelet was stopped and evaluated by the internal department. The patient was observed and treated with topical medication, and the hyphema resolved within less than 7 days.
Discussion : Although it is still not clear if there is any increase in intraocular bleeding has been recognized with antiplatelet agents, the concern would be greatest amongst those at high baseline risk due to predisposing conditions, such as elderly with diabetes, hypertension, and usage of antiplatelet agents to maintain cardiovascular disease.
Conclusion : This case emphasizes that though the most common cause of hyphema is a traumatic injury, it can be a rare complication of antiplatelet therapy. Patients on antiplatelet therapy should be carefully monitored for ocular bleeding, especially if they have associated systemic or ocular comorbidity.
A SUCCESSFUL TREATMENT OF INTRAVITREAL MOXIFLOXACIN INJECTION IN ACUTE POST-CATARACT SURGERY ENDOPHTHALMITIS: A CASE REPORT
Authors: Ardityastiti Khairani Azizah , Wibawaty Halida 
Published: February 2024

Introduction : Endophthalmitis is a severe form of ocular inflammation and one of the most dreaded cataract surgery complications which may lead to loss of vision. Post-cataract surgery endophthalmitis is a serious complication that occurs when infecting organisms invade the posterior segment of the eye during the time of surgery. Currently, intravitreal injection of vancomycin along with ceftazidime is the first-line treatment, but another study showed a good result of intravitreal moxifloxacin injection in patients with Postoperative endophthalmitis.
Case Illustration : We reported a 59-year-old woman presented with blurred vision, redness, and pain in the left eye 4 days after phacoemulsification. Visual acuity of LE was hand movement and anterior segment examination found that there was a conjunctival and pericorneal injection, corneal edema, cells, and anterior chamber fibrin formation. Ultrasonography examination showed severe levels of debris in the vitreous humor. Patient was diagnosed with acute post-cataract surgery endophthalmitis and received an intravitreal moxifloxacin injection. Fortunately, one week after that injection, there wasa good result in the patient’s eye condition. Visual acuity of LE improved to 0,1 and the patient planned to receive the second moxifloxacin injection to get the best possible results.
Discussion : Moxifloxacin expresses broad-spectrum microbial coverage with a very good diffusion and low adverse effects. Moxifloxacin also has a better penetration ability into inflamed ocular tissue than all other antibiotics. Based on that, other studies said that intravitreal moxifloxacin can replace vancomycin and ceftazidime combinations for the treatment of ocular infections.
Conclusion : Intravitreal moxifloxacin injections have a good result in acute post-cataract surgery endophthalmitis.
COMBINED PAPILLECTOMY AND AUTOLOGOUS CONJUNCTIVAL MEMBRANE GRAFT AS MANAGEMENT FOR SEVERE, REFRACTORY PALPEBRAL VERNAL KERATOCONJUNCTIVITIS: A CASE REPORT
Authors: ANNISA DEVINA NUR , SUHARKO HERNAWITA , GAOL HASIANA LUMBAN 
Published: February 2024

Introduction : Vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) is a type of allergic conjunctivitis which often occurs repeatedly and chronically. It is unusual compared to other types of conjunctivitis due to its giant papillae (GP) manifestation that may cause serious complication on cornea and eventually lead to permanent vision loss. We present a surgical treatment—resection of GP—in conjunction with autologous conjunctival membrane graft to manage a severe case of VKC.
Case Illustration : An 18-year-old male came with a prior history of recurrent acute allergic keratoconjunctivitis since seven years before. His GP had caused shield-like ulcer, which leads to corneal scar and interferes with his visual acuity. He also had mechanical ptosis due to the giant cobblestones. His symptoms were then managed by performing combined papillectomy and autologous conjunctival membrane graft.
Discussion : During surgery, the GP on both of his eyes were excised until tarsus was visible. Autologous conjunctival membrane was grafted from superior quadrant of each eye, and sutured tightly onto the excised tarsus. Six month postoperatively, his superior tarsal conjunctiva remain relatively smooth, with well-controlled symptoms of keratoconjunctivitis.
Conclusion : Combined papillectomy and autologous conjunctival membrane graft can be considered as an adjunctive intervention to medications, in patients with severe, refractory cases of palpebral vernal conjunctivitis. It can alleviate symptoms and reduce the possibility of permanent damage on corneal tissue.
Differential Diagnosis of Leukocoria : A Case Report
Authors: Rahman Harrie Kurnia , Sayuti Kemala 
Published: February 2024

Introduction : Leukocoria is an abnormal pupillary reflex more clearly seen after mydriasis or photography. It is often the first sign of a range of serious intraocular disorders, including congenital cataracts, Coats disease, retinoblastoma, Familial Exudative Vitreoretinopathy (FEVR).
Case Illustration : Baby F, 10 months with chief complaint the vision in both eyes appears defocused since birth. A history of trauma to the head is denied, severe pain (-), a history of similar complaints in the family is denied. Pregnancy history: Mother had hypertension. The patient born spontaneusly at 39-40 weeks of gestation, crying immediately, birth weight 2700 grams. Ophtalmology Status ODS: VA Blink reflex(+), Following light (+), Following object (-), Konjungtiva : hiperemis (-), cornea : clear (+), Pupil : leukocoria (+). Funduscopy examination ODS: Vitreus : cloudy (+), papillae: cannot be assessed, blood vessels: visible images of raised blood vessels, retina: detached (+) retinal layers seen, macula: cannot be assessed. USG ODS: cloudy vitreus with hyperreflectivity moderate to high. Patient was diagnosed with Leucocoria ec Retinal Detachment ec Suspect FEVR differential diagnosis Retinoblastoma Bilateral. CT Scan : A mass with a calcified component in the right and left posterior bulbs, consistent with bilateral retinoblastoma
Discussion : The clinical history of leukocoria, meaning loss of the normal red retinal reflex, is nonspecific. Key findings here are the normal size of the globes and the presence of calcifications, which are more compatible with retinoblastoma, Coats' disease, or FEVR.
Conclusion Leucocoria in aterm baby has several differential diagnosis such as retinoblastoma that needs further examination.
Peripheral Orbital Schwannoma : A Case Report
Authors: TRI REJEKI HERDIANA  , None  
Published: February 2024

Introduction : The aim of this study was to report a rare case of a peripheral orbital nerve schwannoma. One of a thinkable diagnose and the goal of treatment.
Case Illustration : A 17-years-old young lady with chief complaint was inferior eyelid lesion since 1 year and has gradually enlarged. Examination showed a space occupying lesion in the inferior right orbit around 10x5 mm that was firm to palpation, didn’t attach to the deep planes, painless, and did not displaced the eye. Computed tomography revealed a homogenous orbital mass, encapsulated, and did not invade adjacent structures
Discussion : Lesion was treated with complete tumour resection via conjunctival / posterior site, and pathologic examination showed a schwannoma.Conclusion : Orbital schwannoma are infrequent tumours arising from the orbit coming behind inflammatory, vascular, and lymphoproliferative diseases. Treatment is complete resection of the lesion with subsequent monitoring to prevent recurrence.
THE OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY (OCT) IN A PATIENT WITH RETINOPATHY-ASSOCIATED ECLAMPSIA: WHAT TO EXPECT?
Authors: Zain Nurul Attikah , Sopha Kasihana Hismanita 
Published: February 2024

Introduction : Eclampsia is a common pregnancy complication, that has been associated with retinopathy. Screening of retinopathy in preeclampsia/eclampsia is essential for early detection and management. Various imaging modalities are used to diagnose retinopathy. However, because of the higher-resolution imaging demand, optical coherence tomography (OCT) suggests a better option. The present study aimed to report the OCT findings of retinopathy-associated eclampsia.
Case Illustration : A 24-year-old pregnant woman in 27th-week gestation with eclampsia presented the new onset of bilateral sudden diminution of vision. The vision in her right eye was limited to hand movement and that in her left eye was light perception only. Clinical examination revealed Siegrist streaks, Elschnig spots, and flame shape hemorrhages. OCT of both eyes demonstrated subretinal fluid, intraretinal fluid, thickening of the retinal layer, also inner retinal hyperreflectivity. Two months after the follow-up, there was an improvement in the OCT findings and also in the visual acuity.
Discussion : An increase in macular thickness could be a characteristic feature in the OCT of retinopathy- associated eclampsia caused by retinal arteriolar narrowing due to systemic hypertension and ischemia. Previous studies have demonstrated subretinal/intraretinal fluid with or without serous retinal detachment in preeclampsia. Following our case, we report subretinal fluid, intraretinal fluid in the outer plexiform layer with retinal detachment and macular edema. The subretinal fluid and serous detachment were most likely caused by the changes in the fluid and ion-transport function of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE).
Conclusion : OCT can provide valuable information for diagnosis and follow-up retinopathy in preeclampsia/eclampsia.