bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Keyframe-guided Video Swin Transformer with Multi-path Excitation for Violence Detection
Authors: Li Chenghao , Yang Xinyan , Liang Gang 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Violence detection is a critical task aimed at identifying violent behavior in video by extracting frames and applying classification models. However, the complexity of video data and the suddenness of violent events present significant hurdles in accurately pinpointing instances of violence, making the extraction of frames that indicate violence a challenging endeavor. Furthermore, designing and applying high-performance models for violence detection remains an open problem. Traditional models embed extracted spatial features from sampled frames directly into a temporal sequence, which ignores the spatio-temporal characteristics of video and limits the ability to express continuous changes between adjacent frames. To address the existing challenges, this paper proposes a novel framework called ACTION-VST. First, a keyframe extraction algorithm is developed to select frames that are most likely to represent violent scenes in videos. To transform visual sequences into spatio-temporal feature maps, a multi-path excitation module is proposed to activate spatio-temporal, channel and motion features. Next, an advanced Video Swin Transformer-based network is employed for both global and local spatio-temporal modeling, which enables comprehensive feature extraction and representation of violence. The proposed method was validated on two large-scale datasets, RLVS and RWF-2000, achieving accuracies of over 98 and 93%, respectively, surpassing the state of the art.
Recycling sludge in agriculture? Assessing sustainability of nutrient recovery in Italy
Authors: Tassinari G , Boccaletti S , Soregaroli C 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Using a hybrid multi-regional input–output approach, we traced sustainability footprints of a nutrient recovery strategy from sewage sludge applied in Italy. We then compared the results with the most common landfilling practice. Overall, accounting for indirect global upstream effects, using sewage sludge for organic fertiliser production generates more jobs and reduces more greenhouse gas emissions than landfilling. By contrast, landfilling stimulates the whole economy more, generating higher indirect turnover and reduces energy carrier use more. Finally, we accounted for uncertainties in these results using an error propagation method based on Monte Carlo simulations.
Convergent rates of protein evolution identify novel targets of sexual selection in primates
Authors: Ports Bri L , Jensen-Seaman Michael I 
Published: October 2023

AbstractSexual selection is the differential reproductive success of individuals, resulting from competition for mates, mate choice, or success in fertilization. In primates, this selective pressure often leads to the development of exaggerated traits which play a role in sexual competition and successful reproduction. In order to gain insight into the mechanisms driving the development of sexually selected traits, we used an unbiased genome-wide approach across 21 primate species to correlate individual rates of protein evolution to relative testes size and sexual dimorphism in body size, 2 anatomical hallmarks of sexual selection in mammals. Among species with presumed high levels of sperm competition, we detected strong conservation of testes-specific proteins responsible for spermatogenesis and ciliary form and function. In contrast, we identified accelerated evolution of female reproductive proteins expressed in the vagina, cervix, and fallopian tubes in these same species. Additionally, we found accelerated protein evolution in lymphoid tissue, indicating that adaptive immune functions may also be influenced by sexual selection. This study demonstrates the distinct complexity of sexual selection in primates revealing contrasting patterns of protein evolution between male and female reproductive tissues.
‘Fragmented care’: Asylum seekers’ experience of accessing health care in NSW
Authors: Mengesha Zelalem , Weber Danielle , Smith Mitchell , Harris Patrick , Haigh Fiona 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Medicare is central to accessing health care in Australia, yet many asylum seekers are ineligible for this scheme. In NSW, Medicare ineligible asylum seekers have some access to public health care under the Medicare Ineligible Asylum Seekers - Provision of Specified Public Health Services policy. This policy was updated in November 2020 to clarify services where a fee waiver applies for asylum seekers without Medicare. We examined the experiences of Medicare ineligible asylum seekers in accessing health care in New South Wales (NSW) in light of the revised policy. Employing qualitative methods, we conducted semi-structured interviews with asylum seekers (n = 7) and service providers (n = 6) in South Western Sydney. The interviews were analysed using thematic analysis and the socio-ecological model was used to interpret the data. Participants identified that chronic and mental health conditions are the main health issues for asylum seekers. Factors across the four levels of the socio-ecological model were identified as influencing the health care of asylum seekers, including a lack of awareness about health care rights at the individual level, support from relatives and friends at the interpersonal level, providers’ lack of awareness of fee waivers at the organizational level and limited access to primary health care at the policy level. The results imply that Medicare ineligible asylum seekers in NSW do not have optimal access to health care which may worsen existing health disparities. Educational initiatives that improve service providers’ and asylum seekers’ awareness of the revised policy are needed to improve asylum seeker health equity in NSW.
Helpful elements in a brief work-oriented intervention targeting musculoskeletal and mental health literacy
Authors: Johnsen Tone Langjordet , Tveito Torill Helene , Øyeflaten Irene 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Musculoskeletal and mental health complaints are common in the general population and frequent reasons for healthcare utilization and work absence. Illness perceptions, coping expectancies, rumination and self-stigma are important factors in the management of these health complaints and factors closely linked to health literacy (HL). The aims of the study were to identify helpful elements in a brief intervention (BI) targeting HL regarding common musculoskeletal and mental health complaints and to identify patient perceptions of how the intervention was helpful and whether it affected their subsequent coping. Three focus group interviews with 14 patients were conducted. Systematic text condensation was used for the analysis, supported by the health literacy skill (HLS) framework to sharpen the focus on intervention elements related to the acquisition and utilization of HLSs. Results revealed the importance of receiving comprehensible health information and guidance, the use of metaphors to create recognizable narratives and the use of practical examples and exercises. Normalizing the experienced health complaints, together with a safe and accommodating clinical environment, facilitated the change process. The BI initiated processes that contributed to acceptance, resilience and empowerment, aiding work–life balance and return to work. The study presents authentic narratives of value for future focus in BI.
Health behaviors according to the ability to understand health information in Korean adults
Authors: Ko Sangjun , Kim Taehyung , Moon Sanghyeon , Park Kaeun , Lee Juhyun , Chai Yoseok , Hwang Siyeon , Han Mi Ah 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This study aimed to verify the relationship between the level of understanding of health information and health behaviors among Korean adults. In total, 228 984 adults who participated in the 2021 Korea Community Health Survey were included. Participants were divided into three groups according to age (19–44, 45–64 and 65+). The ability to understand verbal and written health information was included, and its association with health behaviors, including smoking, alcohol consumption and preventive health service uptake, was assessed. Associations between the ability to understand health information and health behaviors were analyzed using chi-squared tests and multiple logistic regression analyses. Approximately 22.7% and 20% of the participants responded that verbal and written health information were easy to understand, respectively, with significant differences by age group. Compared to those with easy-to-understand verbal health information, those with difficulty in understanding had a higher risk of current cigarette smoking and monthly drinking and were less likely to engage in more than moderate physical activity, walking, influenza vaccination in 1 year, cancer examination in 2 years and medical examination in 2 years. Difficulty in understanding or no interest in written health information was also associated with unhealthy behaviors. A strong ability to understand health information is related to positive health behaviors. However, there are differences in the associations by age group, which should be considered when establishing a health literacy improvement strategy. These findings could promote health literacy and ultimately contribute to helping individuals make better choices for positive health behaviors.
Evaluation of prolonged incubation time of 16–20 h with the EUCAST rapid antimicrobial susceptibility disc diffusion testing method
Authors: Jonasson Emma , Matuschek Erika , Kahlmeter Gunnar 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Objectives
Antimicrobial resistance rates are continuously increasing, driving the need for rapid antimicrobial susceptibility testing (RAST) results, especially in the treatment of bloodstream infections. The EUCAST RAST method performed directly from positive blood cultures with incubation times from 4 to 8 h was developed in 2018 and is now used in many laboratories. To increase the practicality of the method, an extended incubation time of 16 and 20 h was evaluated in this study.

Method
Blood culture bottles were spiked with clinical isolates (n = 325) of the seven most important sepsis pathogens. The EUCAST RAST method was performed, extending the incubation time to 16 and 20 h. Broth microdilution (BMD) was used as a reference, except for screening tests where standard disc diffusion or presence of resistance genes was used.

Results
Inhibition zones were possible to read for all species–agent combinations. For 16 and 20 h, the MIC zone diameter correlations were sufficiently similar to allow establishment of common breakpoints for the time interval of 16–20 h. The proportion of isolates in the area of technical uncertainty was, on average, 6% for all species and the number of errors were low, with &lt;1% false-resistant and &lt;0.5% false-susceptible results.

Conclusions
This study shows that, for EUCAST RAST, prolonging the recommended incubation to 16–20 h is possible and can be used as a complement when the intended shorter incubation is not possible to achieve. The introduction of the prolonged incubation will increase the usefulness of the EUCAST RAST method in clinical laboratories with limited opening hours.
A small survey of introduced Zaprionus indianus (Diptera: Drosophilidae) in orchards of the eastern United States
Authors: Rakes Logan M , Delamont Megan , Cole Christine , Yates Jillian A , Blevins Lynsey J , Hassan Fatima Naureen , Bergland Alan O , Erickson Priscilla A 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The African fig fly, Zaprionus indianus (Gupta), is a generalist fruit fly that typically breeds in decaying fruits from over 70 plant species. The species has spread globally from its native range in tropical Africa, becoming an invasive pest on ripening figs in Brazil. First reported in the United States in 2005 in Florida, Z. indianus has since been documented as far north as Canada and is hypothesized to recolonize northwards from southern refugia each year. We sampled drosophilid communities over the growing season at 2 orchards in Virginia from 2020 to 2022 and 11 orchards along the East Coast during the fall of 2022 to quantify the abundance of Z. indianus relative to other drosophilids across locations, seasons, and fruit crops. Massachusetts had the northernmost population, with no Z. indianus detected in Maine and no correlation between latitude and relative abundance. Variation in Z. indianus relative abundance was high between nearby orchards and abundance was higher on peaches relative to apples within orchards. Comparisons of seasonal abundance curves between 2 Virginia orchards showed similar dynamics across years with individuals first detected around July and becoming absent around December, with peaks in late summer and mid-fall. The variation in seasonal and latitudinal abundance shown here highlights a need for broader sampling to accurately characterize the range, spread, and environmental tolerances of Z. indianus in North America.
A novel natural variation in the promoter of GmCHX1 regulates conditional gene expression to improve salt tolerance in soybean
Authors: Li Yang , Ye Heng , Vuong Tri D , Zhou Lijuan , Do Tuyen D , Satish Chhapekar Sushil , Zhao Wenqian , Li Bin , Jin Ting , Gu Jinbao , Li Cong , Chen Yanhang , Li Yan , Wang Zhen-Yu , Nguyen Henry T 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Identification and characterization of soybean germplasm and gene(s)/allele(s) for salt tolerance is an effective way to develop improved varieties for saline soils. Previous studies identified GmCHX1 (Glyma03g32900) as a major salt tolerance gene in soybean, and two main functional variations were found in the promoter region (148/150 bp insertion) and the third exon with a retrotransposon insertion (3.78 kb). In the current study, we identified four salt-tolerant soybean lines, including PI 483460B (Glycine soja), carrying the previously identified salt-sensitive variations at GmCHX1, suggesting new gene(s) or new functional allele(s) of GmCHX1 in these soybean lines. Subsequently, we conducted quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping in a recombinant-inbred line population (Williams 82 (salt-sensitive) × PI 483460B) to identify the new salt tolerance loci/alleles. A new locus, qSalt_Gm18, was mapped on chromosome 18 associated with leaf scorch score. Another major QTL, qSalt_Gm03, was identified to be associated with chlorophyll content ratio and leaf scorch score in the same chromosomal region of GmCHX1 on chromosome 3. Novel variations in a STRE (stress response element) cis-element in the promoter region of GmCHX1 were found to regulate the salt-inducible expression of the gene in these four newly identified salt-tolerant lines including PI 483460B. This new allele of GmCHX1 with salt-inducible expression pattern provides an energy cost efficient (conditional gene expression) strategy to protect soybean yield in saline soils without yield penalty under non-stress conditions. Our results suggest that there might be no other major salt tolerance locus similar to GmCHX1 in soybean germplasm, and further improvement of salt tolerance in soybean may rely on gene-editing techniques instead of looking for natural variations.
SHARPEST: the atmospheric turbulence profiling experiment using Shack–Hartmann sensor at the Subaru telescope
Authors: Ogane Hajime , Ono Yoshito , Minowa Yosuke , Oya Shin , Terao Koki , Akasawa Takumi , Homan Riki , Akiyama Masayuki 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT
Atmospheric turbulence profile plays an important role in designing and operating adaptive optics (AO) systems with multiple laser guide stars. To obtain representative free atmospheric profiles and resolved ground layer profiles for future AO systems at the Subaru telescope, we are conducting the Shack–Hartmann Atmospheric tuRbulence Profiling Experiment at the Subaru Telescope project. In this project, we develop a turbulence profiler comprising two Shack–Hartmann (SH) sensors to observe a pair of bright stars through the Subaru telescope with high spatial sampling by 2 cm subapertures. We perform two analyses on the SH spot data: variance analysis on the spot scintillation for free atmospheric profiles, and on the spot slope for ground layer profiles. This paper introduces the initial results of free atmospheric profiles as well as total seeing values and wind profiles obtained by the first two engineering runs. The free atmospheric profiles reconstructed by the two independent SH sensors show good agreement. The results are also consistent with simultaneous measurements by another profiler except for turbulence strength at ∼1 km, which is explained by an overestimation problem of scintillation-based profilers. Measured total seeing values are also smaller than the simultaneous measurements, possibly due to the difference in ground layer turbulence between the two sites. The wind profiles show good consistency with the direct measurements by a rawinsonde. Through this study, we establish a method to constrain the free atmospheric profile, the total seeing, and the wind profile by analysing data from a single SH sensor with fine subapertures.
Characterization of extrasolar giant planets with machine learning
Authors: Li Jiayin , Kaltenegger Lisa , Pham Dang , Ruppert David 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACTMore than 5000 extrasolar planets have already been detected. JWST and near-term ground-based telescopes like the Extremely Large Telescope (ELT), Giant Magellan Telescope (GMT), Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT), and upcoming telescopes such as the Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope, Xuntian, and Ariel are designed to characterize the atmosphere of directly imaged Jovian planets. Here, we used five diverse machine learning algorithms to investigate how well broad-band filter photometric fluxes could initially characterize giant exoplanets. We use an established grid of 8813 reflected light model spectra of different metallicities, planet–star distances, and cloud properties to assess the performance of several machine learning algorithms on both noiseless and noisy data to provide classification and regression results as a function of signal to noise of the data. In all cases, the algorithms were tested on noisy validation data. The results show that the use of machine learning to characterize giant planets from reflected broad-band filter photometry provides a promising tool for initial characterization, with over 65 per cent accuracy in characterizing metallicity for signal-to-noise ratios (S/N) ≳ 30, over 80 per cent for cloud coverage for S/N ≳ 30. This approach will allow initial characterization for large surveys of giant exoplanets and prioritization for spectroscopy observations of a subset of these worlds.
Membranous nephropathy—diagnosis and identification of target antigens
Authors: Sethi Sanjeev , Fervenza Fernando C 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT
Membranous nephropathy (MN) is a common cause of nephrotic syndrome in adults. MN is characterized by subepithelial accumulation of immune complexes along the glomerular basement membrane. The immune complexes are composed of immunoglobulin G and a target antigen. PLA2R is the target antigen in approximately 60% of MN cases, and MN is traditionally classified as PLA2R-positive or PLA2R-negative MN. Over the last 7 years, additional target antigens have been identified, which have specific disease associations, distinctive clinical and pathologic findings, and therapeutic implications. The newly discovered target antigens include NELL1, EXT1/EXT2, NCAM1, SEMA3B, PCDH7, FAT1, CNTN1, NTNG1, PCSK6 and NDNF. To group all these antigens into a generic ‘PLA2R-negative’ MN group is imprecise and un-informative. We propose a logical approach for detection of the target antigen which includes (i) currently available serology-based testing to detect anti-PLA2R and anti-THSD7A antibodies; and (ii) kidney biopsy testing to detect the target antigens. Determination of the antigen on kidney biopsy can be done by immunohistochemistry or immunofluorescence studies. Alternatively, laser capture microdissection (LCM) of glomeruli followed by mass spectrometry (MS) can be used to identify a target antigen. LCM/MS has the advantage of being a one-stop test and is particularly useful for detection of rare target antigens. At the current time, while it is possible to detect the newer antigens by immunohistochemistry/immunofluorescence/LCM/MS, serology-based tests to detect serum antibodies to the new antigens are not yet available. It is critical that serology-based tests should be developed not just for accurate diagnosis, but as a guide for treatment. We review the current methodology and propose an algorithm for diagnosis and detection of target antigens in MN that may shape the current practice in the future. Membranous nephropathy (MN) results from accumulation of subepithelial immune complexes along the glomerular basement membrane.PLA2R is the most common target antigen, but newly discovered target antigens have filled the void of PLA2R-negative MN.MN associated with the newly discovered target antigens have distinctive clinical and pathologic findings, treatment and prognostic implications. These include NELL1, EXT1/EXT2, NCAM1, PCDH7, SEMA3B, CNTN1, FAT1, NDNF and PCSK6.Immunohistochemistry/immunofluorescence methodology is currently in use for detecting target antigens in kidney biopsy tissue, although we anticipate laser capture microdissection of glomeruli followed by mass spectrometry will become available soon.Serologic testing is currently available for only detecting antibodies to PLA2R and THSD7A. It is critical that serologic tests become available for detecting antibodies to the newly discovered antigens.
Trends in effort at work in the UK
Authors: Gimenez-Nadal Jose Ignacio , Sevilla Almudena 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This article links detailed 24-h diary surveys in the UK for the last four decades, to provide evidence of an increase in work effort in three specific dimensions: timing, nature, and composition. We rule out certain proposed explanations of these trends, finding that the decrease in the frequency of on-the-job leisure is more pronounced for workers in routine task-intensive occupations. Alternative supply-side and demand-side explanations, such as changes in relative preferences for leisure, or an increase in off-shoring, or competition for jobs, cannot explain our results. Our findings suggest that the amount and frequency of on-the-job leisure can be used as a measure of work effort, and that the routine-biased technological changes experienced during this period lie at the root of the increase in work effort in the UK.
Restless legs syndrome, neuroleptic-induced akathisia, and opioid-withdrawal restlessness: shared neuronal mechanisms?
Authors: Ferré Sergi , Winkelman John W , García-Borreguero Diego , Belcher Annabelle M , Chang Joy H , Earley Christopher J 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Restlessness is a core symptom underlying restless legs syndrome (RLS), neuroleptic-induced akathisia, and opioid withdrawal. These three conditions also share other clinical components suggesting some overlap in their pathophysiology. Recent prospective studies demonstrate the frequent incidence of RLS-like symptoms during opioid withdrawal and supervised prescription opioid tapering. Based on the therapeutic role of µ-opioid receptor (MOR) agonists in the three clinical conditions and recent preclinical experimental data in rodents, we provide a coherent and unifying neurobiological basis for the restlessness observed in these three clinical syndromes and propose a heuristic hypothesis of a key role of the specific striatal neurons that express MORs in akathisia/restlessness.