bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reading The Rabbis
Authors: Kraemer David 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Traditionally, the Talmud was read as law, that is, as the authoritative source for Jewish practice and obligations. To this end, it was studied at the level of its most minute details, with readers often ignoring the composite whole and attending only to final decisions. Methods of reading have shifted as more readers and students have turned to the Talmud for evidence of rabbinic history, religion, rhetoric, or anthropology; still, few have employed a genuinely literary approach. In Reading the Rabbis, Kraemer attempts to fill this gap. He uses the tools developed in the study of other literatures, particularly rhetorical and reader-response criticisms, to unearth previously unnoticed levels of meaning. His book offers a new understanding of the complexity of Rabbinic Judaism, and a new model of rabbinic piety.
Interpreting Islam
Authors: Sann Tamara 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this book, Sonn provides the first English translation of The History of Intellectual Movements in Islam (1928), a seminal text of Arab modernism written by the Palestinian intellectual Bandali al-Jawzi (1871-1942). In that book, Jawzi offered the first Marxist interpretation of the history and development of Islamic thought. The continuing importance of his work lies in Jawzi's critical method of reevaluating both European "orientalist" and classical Muslim accounts of Islamic history. Fifty years before Edward Said's landmark Orientalism, Jawzi identified the vested imperial interests as the weakness in both methodologies. Sonn's translation brings to life this skillful and entertaining critique of Islamic history. Her introduction places Jawzi's thought in context with both postmodern intellectuals and Muslim reformers who continue the struggle to apply Islamic principles to contemporary life.
Islam and Democracy
Authors: Esposito John L , Voll John O 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The resurgence of Islam and the desire for democratization in the Muslim world exist in a dynamic global context. Throughout the world, many peoples express similar desires, making religious resurgence and democratization two of the most important themes in contemporary world affairs. The assertion of special communal identities and the demand for increased popular political participation occur in a complex world environment in which technology reinforces global relationships at the same time that local and national and local cultural identities remain remarkably strong. In dramatic transformations of society and politics, societies have distinctive resources and liabilities. The position of Islamic societies must be viewed within the global framework of experiences if its special resources and liabilities are to be understood. The demand and desire for democracy is widespread in contemporary global affairs. Few major political leaders or movements describe themselves as “anti democratic.” Even when a restoration of monarchy was advocated recently by some in Brazil, there was virtually no support among the monarchists for a restoration of a divine-right, absolutist monarchy. Instead, the monarchists pro posed a “presidential monarchy system” and spoke of needing a system similar to the current Spanish monarchy. Many people agree that perhaps “the most important global political development of the late twentieth century” is the emergence of prodemocracy movements throughout the world and their success in many countries.
Iran
Authors: Esposito John L , Voll John O 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Iranian revolution has been described as “one of the greatest populist explosions in human history:’In the minds of many, Iran’s Islamic revolution of 1978-79 represents the quintessential example of political Islam, “Islamic fundamentalism:’ The revolution encompassed many of the issues associated with con temporary Islamic revivalism-issues of faith, culture, power, and politics. Emphasis on identity, cultural authenticity, political participation, and social jus tice was accompanied by a rejection of Westernization, government authoritarian ism, corruption, and maldistribution of wealth. Khomeini’s Iran became the paradigm and source of fears of revolutionary or radical Islam, its export and threat to governments in the Muslim world and in the West. Cries of Marg bar Amrika, “Death to America:’ are not soon forgotten, nor have they ceased to be heard from time to time. Iran continues to be a primary reference point or exemplar for many when discussing the nature and threat of “Islamic fundamentalism” in relation to issues ranging from Islam and revolution to Islam and democracy. revolution” that promised greater political participation, the preservation of national identity and independence, and a more socially just society. The Islamic Republic of Iran was to be a modern state that gave proper recognition and place to Iran’s religio cultural heritage and identity.
Algeria
Authors: Esposito John L , Voll John O 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Much of the 1980s was dominated by fear of Iran’s export of revolution. The question asked was invariably, will country X be another Iran? Is so-and-so another Ayatollah Khomeini? In the early 1990s, as surveillance and vigilance against “radical Islamic fundamentalism” continued, many in the Muslim world and the West were stunned by the prospect of an elected Islamic government. Algeria embodies the failures, hopes, and fears of the West’s encounter with political Islam. Although many witnessed the reassertion of Islam in contemporary Muslim politics in Iran and elsewhere, the consensus in the first half of the 1980s, was that it could never happen in Francophile and Francophone North Africa. Governments were controlled by strong rulers (Bourghiba in Tunisia and King Hassan in Morocco) and in Algeria by a single party, the FLN (Front de Liberation Nationale), that had dominated the political scene. In the late 1980s failing economies and the wave of political liberalization that accompanied the fall of the Soviet Union ushered in new realities. In 1988, governments in Egypt, Jordan, Tunisia, and Algeria, among others, experienced street demonstrations and food riots in response to food shortages, high unemployment, and corruption. Less out of a desire to democratize than to steady shaky regimes, rulers caused a crack in their otherwise authoritarian regimes, as they promised elections.
Plain English at Work
Authors: Bailey Edward P 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Everyday we write countless memos, letters, and reports without a second thought. Likewise, we give presentations, both, formal and informal. Often this writing and speaking gets criticized for being jargon-ridden, obscure, or long-winded--in short, for not being in “plain English.” But what is plain English, and how do we go about writing and speaking it? In Plain English at Work, Edward Bailey gives the answer, with down-to-earth tips and practical advice. Bailey, and expert in business communication, gives us a simple model for writing: BL Style: write more the way you talk. BL Organization: make your point easy to find. BL Layout: use headings, lists, and other white space so readers can see the structure of your writing. Psycholinguists, Bailey points out, have proven that the techniques of plain English writing are far easier on your readers; experience has proven that writing in plain English is easier on you--the writer, too. Bailey also gives you a wealth of practical advice for presentations including: BL How to remember your talk. BL How to design visual aids. BL How to design computer presentations. BL How to set up the room you’ll be speaking in. BL How to develop a successful delivery style. Perhaps most impressive are the many detailed tips he gives here. For instance, when using a pointer, hold it in the hand closer to the screen (otherwise, you turn your back on the audience, making it harder to hear you). When designing a visual aid, use at least 28-point type, and seldom use all capital letters (which are harder to read). And when presenting a bar chart during a computer presentation, build it--a bar at a time--to focus your audience’s attention. Drawing on two earlier and popular books, The Plain English Approach to Business Writing and A Practical Guide for Business Speaking, this new volume has been significantly updated. It includes up-to-the-minute information on using computers, computer graphics, typography for your writing and on using the same technology for designing your presentations. The result is an authoritative and comprehensive single volume that will be the essential guide for everyone wishing to communicate more easily and effectively at work.
Greek Writing from Knossos to Homer
Authors: Woodard Roger D 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Greek Writing from Knossos to Homer examines the origin of the Greek alphabet. Departing from previous accounts, Roger Woodard places the advent of the alphabet within an unbroken continuum of Greek literacy beginning in the Mycenean era. He argues that the creators of the Greek alphabet, who adapted the Phoenician consonantal script, were scribes accustomed to writing Greek with the syllabic script of Cyprus. Certain characteristic features of the Cypriot script--for example, its strategy for representing consonant sequences and elements of Cypriot Greek phonology--were transferred to the new alphabetic script. Proposing a Cypriot origin of the alphabet at the hands of previously literate adapters brings clarity to various problems of the alphabet, such as the Greek use of the Phoenician sibilant letters. The alphabet, rejected by the post-Bronze Age “Mycenaean” culture of Cyprus, was exported west to the Aegean, where it gained a foothold among a then illiterate Greek people emerging from the Dark Age.
French peasant Fascism
Authors: Paxton Robert O 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Greenshirts, a far-right peasant movement in 1930s France, wanted to transform the Republic into an authoritatian, agrarian state. They succeeded only in mounting sporadic local actions, but they permitted a fresh look at the strengths and weaknesses of fascism in French rural Society, and at the enduring French perception of themselves as a peasant nation.
Social Issues
Authors: Winfrey John C 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Social Issues is a text for courses on social issues and policies. Given recent cuts in government budgets, issues such as taxation, welfare, health care, social security, and environmental protection are drawing increasing attention to the basic problems of how to divide resources equitably among all members of society. By combining perspectives from ethics, politics and economics, Social Issues delineates a `social ethics’ which can be combined with basic economic theory to analyse and address these public policy problems.
How Long? How Long?
Authors: Robnett Belinda 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A compelling and readable narrative history, How Long? How Long? presents both a rethinking of social movement theory and a controversial thesis: that chroniclers have egregiously neglected the most important leaders of the Civil Rights movement, African-American women, in favor of higher-profile African-American men and white women. Author Belinda Robnett argues that the diversity of experiences of the African-American women organizers has been underemphasized in favor of monolithic treatments of their femaleness and blackness. Drawing heavily on interviews with actual participants in the American Civil Rights movement, this work retells the movement as seen through the eyes and spoken through the voices of African-American women participants. It is the first book to provide an analysis of race, class, gender, and culture as substructures that shaped the organization and outcome of the movement. Robnett examines the differences among women participants in the movement and offers the first cohesive analysis of the gendered relations and interactions among its black activists, thus demonstrating that femaleness and blackness cannot be viewed as sufficient signifiers for movement experience and individual identity. Finally, this book makes a significant contribution to social movement theory by providing a crucial understanding of the continuity and complexity of social movements, clarifying the need for different layers of leadership that come to satisfy different movement needs. An engaging narrative history as well as a major contribution to social movement and feminist theory, How Long? How Long? will appeal to students and scholars of social activism, women’s studies, American history, and African-American studies, and to general readers interested in the perennially fascinating story of the American Civil Rights movement.
Variations
Authors: Carroll Jackson W , Wheeler Barbara G , Aleshire Daniel O , Marler Penny Long 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Like a target with concentric circles, three ETS documents move outward from the center to the edge. The “bull’s-eye” is the school’s Statement of Faith, to which all faculty members, administrators, and students must give assent. Almost as inviolate is the mission statement, six articles that constitute the second circle and define the school’s purposes. The third, outside circle is an extended commentary on the mission statement. President Howard Vincent tells JC that the commentary allows people to incorporate different ideas while not violating the basic principles of either of the first two documents. His remark follows a long, often heated discussion at a faculty meeting during which a committee asked for guidance on several proposed revisions to the commentary.
Evangelical Culture
Authors: Carroll Jackson W , Wheeler Barbara G , Aleshire Daniel O , Marler Penny Long 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
On the table outside the seminary’s bookstore, among the various free pamphlets and brochures, are copies of the Shepherd’s Guide, a “Christian Business Directory” for the region. Each advertisement in the hundred-plus page book contains a small symbol—a silhouette of a shepherd and sheep—and this trademark, the Guide tells the reader, “indicates that the owner of the business [or advertiser] has signed the statement of faith below.” The statement that follows includes confession that “I have received Jesus Christ as my personal Savior, and my desire is to live my life for His Glory.” An acknowledgment that the signer has been born again is followed by a pledge “to hold the highest Biblical code of ethics in my business transactions. It is my ambition to treat my clients with the utmost respect and integrity.”
Elements of Educational Culture
Authors: Carroll Jackson W , Wheeler Barbara G , Aleshire Daniel O , Marler Penny Long 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The two seminaries we have described and discussed differ along many dimensions used to analyze theological and religious institutions. Mainline Seminary’s home is a tight ring of buildings in an affluent residential section of a large city; Evangelical Seminary is spread over a tract of more than one hundred landscaped acres in affluent exurbia. Mainline is affiliated with a single religious denomination, though it welcomes students and employees of all faith traditions as well as those with no formal religious ties; Evangelical has no links to a particular religious body but requires its faculty and staff to sign a specific statement of religious beliefs. The pattern of faculty training is different. All but one of Mainline’s faculty members earned their doctorates in one of the two dozen historically Protestant private universities that offer advanced academic training in theological subjects.1 More than half of Evangelical’s faculty hold degrees from other kinds of institutions: European universities, public universities, and conservative Protestant seminaries. Although both schools attract students across a wide span of age, the student bodies differ too. Mainline’s is dominated by students coming to seminary from other careers; Evangelical attracts many students within a year or two of their college graduation. And the experience of students in the two schools is different. Many students at Mainline move through their degree programs in the cohorts in which they entered, taking courses together in sequence and completing the program in a specified number of years. At Evangelical, where virtually everyone takes less than a full-time course load, students plot individual paths through the curriculum, with the result that those who enter together follow different sequences and finish at different times.
The Puritan Thesis Revisited
Authors: Morgan John 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
I Historical explanations of the development and increasing acceptance of “science” in early modem Europe have generally sought to locate these processes within broader social movements. Given the profusion of religious contention, the widely held contemporary view that monopolistic religion was crucial to the stability of the state and to individual morality, and the evident cultural truth that in studying nature one was examining God’s handiwork, historians have most commonly attempted to link science to particular strains of early modem Christianity.
In Visible City
Authors: Hills Helen 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
More than any other European city, Baroque Naples was dominated by convents. Behind their imposing facades and highly decorated churches, the convents of Naples housed the daughters of the city’s most exclusive families, women who, despite their cloistered existence, were formidable players in the city’s power structure. Invisible City vividly portrays the religious world of seventeenth-century Naples, a city of familial and internecine rivalries, of religious devotion and intense urban politics, of towering structures built to house the virgin daughters of the aristocracy. Helen Hills demonstrates how the architecture of the convents and the nuns’ bodies they housed existed both in parallel and in opposition to one another. She discusses these women as subjects of enclosure, as religious women, and as art patrons, but also as powerful agents whose influence extended beyond the convent walls. Though often ensconced in convents owing to their families’ economic circumstances, many of these young women were able to extend their influence as a result of the role convents played both in urban life and in art patronage. The convents were rich and powerful organizations, riven with feuds and prey to the ambitions of viceregal and elite groups, which their thick walls could not exclude. Even today, Neapolitan convents figure prominently in the city’s fabric. In analyzing the architecture of these august institutions, Helen Hills skillfully reads conventual architecture as a metaphor for the body of the aristocratic virgin nun, mapping out the dialectic between flesh and stone.
Practicing What You Preach Plutarch’s Sources and Treatment
Authors: Hawley Richard 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Advice and Consolation both belong to ancient traditions. The necessity of marriage is a commonplace, only questioned theoretically by rhetoricians and philosophers. Epic, drama, satire, and epithalamia celebrate and examine it. I shall illustrate how Plutarch selects and shapes preexistent material from a wide variety of genres: rhetoric, philosophy, poetry. Some have argued a pervasive Stoic influence and that Plutarch marks a “step forward” in thought about women, as “proto-feminist.” A greater appreciation of Plutarch’s literary precedents reveals this as overenthusiastic pleading. We should be cautious about attributing to any philosophical school views, especially on gender, that were already traditional.
The Quest for Unity
Authors: Klein Étienne , Lachièze-Rey Marc 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
What could quantum mechanics have in common with the philosophical musings of the ancient Greeks? In our age of multimillion-dollar supercolliders, it’s hard to imagine that modern physics owes anything to thinkers who predate Descartes. But French physicists Etienne Klein and March Lachieze-Rey see an unbroken thread running from antiquity to the present--an ongoing search, throughout the history of science, for unity. In The Search for Unity the authors reveal how the quest for the One has driven all the great breakthroughs in science. They show how the Greeks searched for the fundamental element in all things; how Galileo unified the earth with the heavens, by discovering valleys and mountains on the moon; and how Newton created a single theory to describe the motion of the celestial bodies. With unequaled clarity, they explore the work of the most famous unifier of all, Albert Einstein, who melded space and time into a combined space-time concept, and then embarked on an unsuccessful search for a single theory to explain all the physical laws of the universe. Throughout the book, the authors stress the esthetic motives of scientists, how they recognize truth through apprehension of mathematical beauty. And in tracing the quest for unity up to the present day, they illuminate the bizarre workings of quantum mechanics and the sticky definition of reality itself at the subatomic level. A grand unification of all interactions still awaits discovery--but as Klein and Lachieze-Rey show, the search itself is as fascinating as the end result may ever be.
Arguing The Apocalypse
Authors: O’leary Stephen D 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Apocalyptic expectations of Armageddon and a New Age have been a fixture of the American cultural landscape for centuries. With the approach of the year 2000, such millennial visions seem once again to be increasing in popularity. Stephen O’Leary sheds new light on the age-old phenomenon of the End of the Age by proposing a rhetorical explanation for the appeal of millennialism. Using examples of apocalyptic argument from ancient to modern times, O’Leary identifies the recurring patterns in apocalyptic texts and movements and shows how and why the Christian Apocalypse has been used to support a variety of political stances and programs. The book concludes with a critical review of the recent appearances of doomsday scenarios in our politics and culture, and a meditation on the significance of the Apocalypse in the nuclear age. Arguing the Apocalypse is the most thorough examination of its subject to date: a study of a neglected chapter of our religious and cultural history, a guide to the politics of Armageddon, and a map of millennial consciousness.
More than Earth
Authors: Read Kay A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The sixteenth-century Nahua (Aztec)1 goddess Cihuacoatl (Snakewoman) presents the twentieth-century observer with a host of apparently contradictory and puzzling images. She was both a goddess of fields and crops and a woman warrior. Her powers were borne not only by childbearing women but also by the male governmental official second only to the king, often in a dual leadership. Just after the Conquest, the Spanish friar Bernardino de Sahagun called her a “savage beast” and “evil omen” because she brought “misery” (Florentine Codex [FC], 1.6: n) while at the same time referring to her as the “highest of goddesses” because she aided women suffering in childbirth (FC 6.27-29, 31: 151-165, 179-182).