bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes of Pulmonary Function Following Transfusion of Stored Blood
Authors: Takaori M. , Nakajo N. , Ishii T. 
Published: December 2004

Ventilatory volumes, blood gases and other aspects of pulmonary function were measured before and after intra‐operative transfusion in 16 patients who had undergone operation under general anesthesia. One group consisted of eight patients transfused with 1275 ml of stored blood passed through a standard nylon mesh filter (SF group) and the other consisted of eight patients transfused with stored blood passed through a dacron wool filter (DWF group).Since respiration of the patients was depressed slightly due to preanesthetic sedation, lowered Ve, Vt, and elevated Paco2, respiratory dead space ratio Vd/Vt were observed either in the SF or DWF group before anesthesia and transfusion. Even after the recovery of patients from anesthesia Vd/Vt remained high and Feco2 decreased in the SF group. In contrast, Vd/Vt decreased almost to normal and Feco2 remained normal in the DWF group. Fraction of physiological shunt Qs/Qt tended to decrease after anesthesia and transfusion either in the SF or DWF group. The ventilation‐perfusion ratio increased relatively more markedly and pHa elevated definitely in the SF group after transfusion.The above data indicate that microembolism occurs after transfusion of stored blood, even in an amount of 1,000 ml, with a standard nylon mesh filter and concealed pulmonary dysfunction is observable. Therefore, a fine filter, such as a dacron wool filter or a polyester mesh filter, is recommended to avoid the pulmonary microembolism and the consequent respiratory distress following the transfusion of stored blood.
Compatibility Test Using 51Chromium‐Labeled Red Blood Cells in Crossmatch Positive Patients
Authors: Silvergleid A. J. , Wells R. F. , Hafleigh E. B. , Korn G. , Kellner J. J. , Grumet F. C. 
Published: December 2004

For the past three years, we have routinely used the one‐hour in vivo survival of 51Cr‐labeled donor red blood cells to select units for transfusion to patients for whom crossmatch compatible blood was unavailable. This technique successfully evaluated in vivo compatibility, thus avoiding acute hemolytic transfusion reactions in 38 problem patients. New or confirmatory data regarding the hemolytic potential of several well defined antibodies was also obtained.Antibodies which proved to be clinically insignificant included: anti‐IT (all IgG), anti‐Sda, anti‐Kir, Mil, Oca, anti‐Chido, anti‐Bg, 14 of 15 “nonspecific warm autoantibodies” (three of which were associated with the ingestion of alphamethyldopa), and four of five antibodies to high‐incidence antigens. Clinically significant antibodies included: anti‐Yta, anti‐Jkb, the antibody in PCH (with “P” specificity), one intensely hemolytic “nonspecific warm autoagglutinin,” and one of five incompletely characterized antibodies to high‐incidence antigens. An acceptable in vivo compatibility test in every instance was associated with an appropriate rise in hematocrit and no clinical symptoms of hemolytic transfusion reaction.
Testing for the D zygosity with three different methods revealed altered Rhesus boxes and a new weak D type
Authors: Perco Paul , Shao Chao‐Peng , Mayr Wolfgang Richard , Panzer Simon , Legler Tobias Jörg 
Published: December 2004

BACKGROUND
: The discrimination of D+/D+ from D+/D– partners of D– mothers with anti‐D is important to estimate the risk for HDN. This may be achieved if the presence or absence of the hybrid
Rhesus box in the father can be demonstrated. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS
: A new PCR‐SSP method specific for the hybrid
Rhesus box comprising an internal amplification control was compared with two published PCR‐based methods (PCR‐SSP and PCR‐RFLP) in 83 D+, 13 D–, and 37 weak D samples. RESULTS
: The deletion of
RHD
was detectable in all D– and weak D samples. By all three methods, concordant results were obtained in 82 of 83 D+ samples, with one sample showing discrepant results. The control band in the PCR‐RFLP method, specific for the downstream
Rhesus box,
was missing in two weak D samples, namely a weak D type 4.0 and a novel weak D type dubbed weak D type 29. Further investigations revealed an altered downstream
Rhesus box
in the weak D type 29 sample. In the weak D type 4.0 sample, no amplicon was achieved with any primer specific for the upstream and downstream
Rhesus box. CONCLUSION
: A PCR‐SSP method with internal control was established for the detection of the hybrid
Rhesus box.
Polymorphisms in the downstream
Rhesus box
may interfere with the detection of
RHD.
The development of a quantitative ELISA for antibodies against human platelet antigen type 1a
Authors: Bessos Hagop , Perez Silvia , Armstrong‐Fisher Sylvia , Urbaniak Stan , Turner Marc 
Published: December 2004

BACKGROUND : Severe neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia is often due to antibodies against human platelet antigen type 1a (HPA‐1a). The aim of this study was to develop a quantitative ELISA for the measurement of antibodies against HPA‐1a. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS : HPA‐1a glycoprotein (GP) IIb‐IIIa was immobilized and mixed with recalcified anti‐HPA‐1a‐positive plasma overnight at 4°C. The beads were washed, the antibodies against HPA‐1a were eluted, and the eluate pH level was promptly adjusted. The purified antibodies were dialyzed and used for the development of an ELISA incorporating HPA‐1a‐coated plates. RESULTS
: Serial doubling dilutions of the purified antibodies resulted in consistent sigmoid standard curves with a sensitivity of 0.5 μg per mL. To determine the reproducibility of the ELISA, antibodies against HPA‐1a in five plasma samples (Samples A‐E) were measured at serial doubling dilutions in four separate assays. Three of the samples (Samples A‐C) contained antibodies against HPA‐1a. The mean amounts in μg per mL (
± SD, percentage of CV) obtained in the four assays were as follows: Sample A, 133 (9.4, 7.1%); Sample B, 16.5 (1.7, 10%); and Sample C, 8 (0.8, 10%). The amounts in the two antibody‐negative controls (Samples D and E) were consistently less than 0.2 μg per mL. CONCLUSION : Using immobilized HPA‐1a1a, antibodies against HPA‐1a has been purified, and a quick and simple quantitative assay has been developed.
The impact of intensive serial plasmapheresis and iron supplementation on iron metabolism and Hb concentration in menstruating women: a prospective randomized placebo‐controlled double‐blind study
Authors: Bier‐Ulrich Anne‐Marie , Haubelt Hannelore , Anders Christof , Nagel Dietmar , Schneider Steffen , Siegler Karl E. , Seiler Dieter , Hellstern Peter 
Published: December 2004

BACKGROUND : Iron (Fe) depletion is common among regular whole‐blood donors, but can be prevented through regular oral Fe supplementation. Little is known, however, about the Fe metabolism of donors undergoing intensive plasmapheresis. These donors lose considerable amounts of blood drawn for laboratory analyses and remaining in the disposable plastic sets. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS : Menstruating women were enrolled in a prospective placebo‐ controlled double‐blind study. One hundred women were randomly allocated to receive either 100 mg of elemental Fe per day or placebo over 24 weeks and asked to donate plasma at 1‐week intervals. Hb was determined before each plasmapheresis. Ferritin, transferrin, and Fe concentration and reticulocyte count were measured every 4 weeks. RESULTS : Thirty donors in the placebo group and 29 receiving Fe completed the study. The total mean blood loss was 526 mL in the placebo group and 546 mL in the Fe arm (p = 0.271). The number of donations with Hb values lower than 12.5 g per dL requiring prolongation of the time interval until the next plasmapheresis was significantly greater in the placebo arm. In the placebo group (n = 30), ferritin levels began to decline significantly 4 weeks after entry. When the study was completed, Hb concentration and reticulocyte count also were found to be significantly lower in the placebo group than in the Fe study arm (p = 0.028 and p = 0.036, respectively). Hb, ferritin, and transferrin levels and reticulocyte counts did not change significantly in the Fe group during the observation period. CONCLUSION : Menstruating women undergoing regular plasmapheresis at short intervals are prone to develop Fe depletion. This can be prevented by regular Fe intake. Laboratory analyses in product plasma instead of serum gained from whole‐blood samples could be an alternative to reduce blood loss.
Factors that influence platelet recovery after transfusion: resolving donor quality from ABO compatibility
Authors: Jiménez Teresa M. , Patel Sachin B. , Pineda Alvaro A. , Tefferi Ayalew , Owen Whyte G. 
Published: December 2004

BACKGROUND : A system was established to examine the extent to which the apheresis donor determines platelet recovery after transfusion, to measure the impact of ABO identity, and to predict outcome by evaluating the donor. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS : The percentage of platelet recovery was measured after prophylactic transfusion of apheresis units divided from single donors to paired recipients with uncomplicated thrombocytopenia secondary to leukemia chemotherapy. Platelet microaggregation induced by citrate was measured at the time of apheresis. RESULTS : Platelet recoveries in paired recipients correlated strongly when both transfusions were ABO‐ identical. When one recipient was ABO‐identical and the other was ABO‐nonidentical, nonidentical transfusions yielded one‐third the recovery of ABO‐identical transfusions. In ABO‐identical transfusions, platelet recovery in donors having microaggregates in the before‐apheresis ACD sample was one‐third that in donors without microaggregates. This difference was observed at 1 and 24 hours. Expression of P‐selectin in the apheresis units at the time of transfusion correlated well with ACD microaggregates in the before‐apheresis sample. CONCLUSION : When transfusions of platelets are ABO‐identical, donor quality dominates recovery in circulation. Donor quality is predicted by a rapid and simple assay of citrate‐induced microaggregation performed at the time of apheresis. When donor quality is factored out, ABO identity prevails.
Frequency and duration of plasma CMV viremia in seroconverting blood donors and recipients
Authors: Drew W. Lawrence , Tegtmeier Gary , Alter Harvey J. , Laycock Megan E. , Miner Richard C. , Busch Michael P. 
Published: December 2004

BACKGROUND : Both CMV‐seronegative blood and unscreened, filtered blood carry a low but definite risk of transmitting CMV infection. To explain this residual risk, evidence of cell‐free viremia was sought in seroconverting and seroprevalent blood donors and seroconverting transfusion recipients by means of a plasma‐based assay for CMV DNA. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS : A CMV DNA PCR assay (COBAS Amplicor CMV Monitor, Roche) was used to detect CMV DNA in 384 paired plasma samples from 192 donors who seroconverted to anti‐CMV, 488 anti‐CMV EIA‐positive samples from 60 seroprevalent donors, and 113 serial samples from 11 seroconverting recipients with posttransfusion CMV hepatitis. RESULTS : Three of 384 samples from 192 seroconverting donors had low levels of plasma CMV DNA (400‐1600 copies/mL); one donor was positive before seroconversion, and the other two, after seroconversion. None of the 488 serial samples from 60 anti‐CMV‐ positive donors contained CMV DNA in plasma. Three of 11 recipients demonstrated transient plasma viremia that temporally coincided with seroconversion. CONCLUSIONS : Plasma CMV DNA was detected in a small percentage of seroconverting blood donors and a larger percentage of recipients but was undetectable in seroprevalent donors. Plasma viremia in seroconverting donors may partially explain the low residual risk of CMV transmission by both CMV‐seronegative and WBC‐reduced seropositive blood.
CD34+CD38– is a good predictive marker of cloning ability and expansion potential of CD34+ cord blood cells
Authors: Encabo Araceli , Mateu Emilia , Carbonell‐Uberos Francisco , Miñana María Dolores 
Published: December 2004

BACKGROUND : Ex vivo expansion of HPCs is an attractive approach to overcoming the current limitations of human cord blood transplantation. It is important not only to define the optimal culture conditions but also to know the number of progenitor cells that can be obtained. CD34+ cells have a great variability in their cloning capacity and in their ability to expand HPCs. This study was carried out to assess whether this variability could be due to intrinsic or extrinsic factors. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS : CD34+ cells were analyzed for the expression of CD38, CD133, and CD117 and cultured in serum‐free culture medium with four cytokine combinations: SCF plus thrombopoietin plus flt3 ligand (STF), STF plus IL‐3, STF plus IL‐6, and STF plus IL‐6 plus IL‐3. After a 1‐week culture, the numbers of CD34+ cells and CFUs were determined. RESULTS : The variability observed both in the cloning ability of CD34+ isolated cells and in their expansion capacity was inversely related to the frequency of the more immature CD34+CD38– cells. When more mature CD34+CD38+ cells were present within CD34+‐isolated cells, a higher cloning ability, measured as CFUs, and a higher expansion capacity were observed. CONCLUSION : Enumeration of CD34+CD38– cells is correlated with the number of committed progenitors and the capacity of generating CD34+ cells, an important parameter if expansion protocols must be used in clinical transplantation.
Rapid and reliable genotyping of human platelet antigen (HPA)‐1, ‐2, ‐3, ‐4, and ‐5 a/b and Gov a/b by melting curve analysis
Authors: Randen Ingrid , Sørensen Kirsten , Killie Mette K. , Kjeldsen‐Kragh Jens 
Published: December 2004

BACKGROUND: The probability for occurrence of neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenic purpura (NAITP) depends largely on the frequency of each individual phenotype in various populations. In caucasians, antibodies to human platelet antigen (HPA)‐1a are the major cause of neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenic purpura, whereas in the Japanese population, antibodies to HPA‐4b is most frequently involved in NAITP. Conventional PCR techniques for platelet antigen genotyping rely on sequence‐specific primers (SSPs) and detection by gel electrophoresis, a method which is laborious and time consuming. New PCR technology, measuring the match of a hybridization probe with its target and thereby allowing simultaneous detection of both alleles, provides an efficient tool for genotyping of the HPA systems. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: A total of 105 healthy blood donors were genotyped for HPA‐1, ‐2, ‐3, ‐4, and ‐5 a/b and Gov a/b with new primers and probes designed for mutation detection by melting curve analysis (using LightCycler technology). Donor DNA was independently genotyped by an allele‐specific assay, using SSPs, in a reference laboratory. RESULTS: There was full concordance between the two genotyping methods, and genotype frequencies were comparable with previous studies in caucasians. CONCLUSION: We present rapid and reliable detection systems for HPA‐1, ‐2, ‐3, ‐4, and ‐5 a/b and Gov a/b based on mutation detection of both alleles simultaneously by melting curve analysis. As the Gov system has been reported to have similar frequency of involvement in alloimmune thrombocytopenia as HPA‐5, the opportunity for genotyping should aid the diagnosis of such patients.
Fluctuation of HCV viral load before seroconversion in a healthy volunteer blood donor
Authors: Fang Chyang T. , Tobler Leslie H. , Haesche Carmen , Busch Michael P. , Phelps Bruce , Leparc German 
Published: December 2004

BACKGROUND: Newly implemented NAT has been shown to be able to effectively identify HCV‐positive blood donated during the preseroconversion period. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: EDTA‐plasma pools of 24 donations were tested using an HIV‐1/HCV multiplex NAT under an FDA‐approved IND application. Samples in a positive pool were retested individually. Positive samples were further tested by two discriminatory assays to determine specific viral reactivity. Upon obtaining informed consent, seronegative donors with positive NAT results were enrolled into a follow‐up study for risk factor analysis and laboratory testing. RESULTS: A donation by a 29 year old female was identified as HCV NAT‐positive with negative serology and an elevated ALT. Her two previous donations, 5 and 12 months earlier, were both seronegative and with normal ALT. Her husband tested positive for HCV RNA. The donor remained seronegative for at least 36 days. The index donation had a viral RNA concentration of >500,000 copies per mL while the first seropositive sample was NAT‐negative. Laboratory data on serial follow‐up samples showed 100‐ to 1,000‐fold fluctuations in viral load during a period of 48 days prior to seroconversion. CONCLUSIONS: This case suggests that, at least in some newly infected individuals, the HCV viral load can fluctuate dramatically prior to seroconversion, and that NAT, even on individual samples, will not totally prevent HCV transmission.
WBC reduction in cryopreserved RBC units
Authors: Arnaud Françoise G. , Meryman Harold T. 
Published: December 2004

BACKGROUND: WBC reduction of blood components by filtration is widely practiced to decrease the incidence of alloimmunization. Freezing RBCs reduces the WBC load but is insufficient to achieve the currently recommended US limit of 5 × 106 cells per unit. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Blood units were WBC reduced by filtration or by buffy‐coat (BC) removal and then frozen in the presence of a high‐glycerol concentration. The count of residual WBCs was determined by flow cytometry after deglycerolization. RESULTS: Without WBC reduction, the total number of WBCs present after freezing and thawing was 11.5 ± 9.2 × 106 WBCs per unit (n = 18). Particulate residues from monocytes and neutrophils that were detected in the remaining cell populations were positive for CD66b, CD3, CD14, and CD41. Removal of 40 mL of BC at the time of blood collection lowered the number of WBCs after freezing and deglycerolization to 1.9 ± 1.20 × 106 per unit (n = 11). Similar results were obtained when only 20 mL of BC was removed using a modified blood‐bag design. Unfiltered RBC units that were stored for 15 days at 4°C after BC removal contained fewer than 5 × 106 WBCs after deglycerolization. Units WBC reduced by filtration before freezing had no detectable WBCs after thawing and washing (n = 14) and did not contain particulate residues. Filtration after deglycerolization was effective in reducing the WBC count below 106, although some debris was still present. CONCLUSION: RBC freezing alone will not reduce residual counts to recommended levels. However, initial removal of BC can provide an economical alternative to WBC filtration for cryopreserved units. Units that were not WBC reduced before freezing can be filtered after deglycerolization when needed.
Effects of X‐ray radiation on the rheologic properties of platelets and lymphocytes
Authors: Thomas Suny , Bolch Wesley , Kao Kuo Jang , Bova Frank , Tran‐Son‐Tay Roger 
Published: December 2004

BACKGROUND: Blood is often irradiated before transfusion for severely immunocompromised patients to prevent a potentially fatal complication of transfusion‐ associated GVHD. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: This study evaluates the effects of X‐ray radiation on platelet and lymphocyte rheology because the ability of these blood cells to deform is vital to their flow throughout the microvascular system. Micropipette aspiration experiments were conducted on platelets and lymphocytes exposed to X‐ray radiation doses of 0 (control), 25, and 50 Gy. RESULTS: A significant increase in the Young modulus of elasticity was observed between control platelets and irradiated platelets at 25 Gy (p = 0.02) and 50 Gy (p = 0.03). Percent cell activation increased significantly in 25 Gy‐irradiated platelets (p = 0.008). In addition, lymphocytes irradiated at 25 Gy have a higher viscosity than controls (p < 0.02). A significantly larger number of activated cells is found in the 50 Gy‐irradiated lymphocyte population (p < 0.04). CONCLUSION: The changes in the deformability and activation of irradiated platelets and lymphocytes may reduce local blood flow and lead to intermittent blockage, which may cause a change of blood flow in microvasculatures.
Production of recombinant murine‐human chimeric IgM and IgG anti‐Jsb for use in the clinical laboratory
Authors: Huang T.J. , Reid M.E. , Halverson G.R. , Yazdanbakhsh K. 
Published: December 2004

BACKGROUND: Directly agglutinating MoAbs are more useful than IgG MoAbs of murine origin for typing RBCs from donors and patients. The molecular manipulation and conversion of a murine IgG MoAb into mouse‐ human chimeric IgM and IgG antibodies are described. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: cDNA encoding the variable heavy‐ and light‐chain genes of a murine hybridoma anti‐Jsb cell line (MIMA‐8) were cloned into human IgM or IgG expression vectors, which were then separately stably transfected into SP2/0‐Ag14 B‐cells. The secreted antibodies were screened by ELISA and analyzed by flow cytometry and hemagglutination. RESULTS: Forty percent (16 of 40) of the stable clones secreted IgM and 66 percent (12 of 18) of the stable clones secreted IgG. The chimeric IgM from the highest expressing clone reacted 4+ in LISS at room temperature. The chimeric IgG from one clone reacted 4+ by the IAT, resembling the specificity of the original murine antibody. Both manipulated MoAbs reacted specifically with RBCs as assessed by flow cytometry. CONCLUSION: Human‐mouse chimeric IgM and IgG from a murine IgG MoAb anti‐Jsb has been successfully engineered for use in the clinical laboratory. This approach can potentially be used to manipulate other murine MoAbs to blood group antigens into more clinically useful human isotypes.
Longitudinal thrombopoietin plasma concentrations in fetuses with alloimmune thrombocytopenia treated with intrauterine PLT transfusions
Authors: Cremer Malte , Dame Christof , Schaeffer Hans J. , Giers Guenther , Bartmann Peter , Bald Rainer 
Published: December 2004

BACKGROUND:  The purpose of this study was to describe longitudinal thrombopoietin (TPO) plasma concentrations in fetuses with fetomaternal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (FMAIT).STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS:  Group 1 was the control group, 8 fetuses with normal hematopoiesis. Group 2 consisted of 4 nonthrombocytopenic fetuses with fetomaternal human PLT antigen incompatibility. Group 3 consisted of 14 fetuses with prenatal‐diagnosed severe FMAIT owing to human PLT antigen‐1a incompatibility. Fetal PLT counts, MoAb‐specific immobilization of PLT antigen score, and TPO plasma concentrations were measured in a total number of 94 serial samples taken by cordocentesis before intrauterine PLT transfusion.RESULTS:  Normal fetal TPO plasma concentrations ranged between 15 and 119 pg per mL (Group 1 median, 67 pg/mL). In fetuses with risk of FMAIT but normal PLT counts, TPO concentrations were normal (Group 2 median, 72 pg/mL; range, <15‐158 pg/mL). In FMAIT with thrombocytopenia, the median TPO concentration was significantly higher than in Groups 1 and 2 (Group 3 median, 172 pg/mL; range, 15‐623 pg/mL; p < 0.001). In the longitudinal analysis, TPO concentrations remained constant (n = 8), peaked only transiently (n = 3), or increased at the end of gestation (n = 3). Elevated TPO concentrations (592 and 623 pg/mL) were detected in one patient, who already had intracranial hemorrhage in utero.CONCLUSION:  TPO concentrations are normal or slightly elevated in FMAIT. Further clinical information can be provided by the longitudinal analysis of TPO concentrations in severe FMAIT.