Pemanfaatan Media Sosial Terhadap Stigma Masyarakat Mengenai Penyintas Covid-19
Authors: Sudrajat Diva Anita Churiana , Anjani Farah Namira 
Published: January 2024

Abstrak
Latar Belakang: Covid-19 resmi dinyatakan sebagai pandemi oleh WHO pada 11 Maret 2020. Penularan virus yang sangat cepat serta belum ditemukan obat yang sepenuhnya dapat mengatasi penyakit ini membuat masyarakat semakin ketakutan. Kasus positif Covid-19 yang masih ada sampai saat ini berkontribusi mendorong munculnya ketakutan. Tak sedikit stigma diberikan oleh masyarakat khususnya bagi para penyintas Covid-19. Berdasarkan survei lapor Covid-19 tahun 2020, sebanyak 55,3% responden mendapatkan stigma dari orang sekitarnya, 42% didapatkan oleh keluarga dan kerabat, serta 33,2% responden terkucilkan. Perkembangan teknologi yang semakin pesat membuka jalan bagi penggunaan media sosial. Media sosial sebagai salah satu cara penyebaran informasi memiliki andil dalam munculnya stigma yang ada terkait Covid-19, khususnya bagi para penyintas Covid-19. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan gambaran mengenai peran media sosial dalam bidang kesehatan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan masyarakat terkait Covid-19 serta mengurangi misinformasi yang dapat memunculkan stigma bagi para penyintas Covid-19.
Metode: Literature review dengan penelusuran artikel bersumber dari database publikasi ilmiah, seperti Google Scholar, PubMed, dan Crossref.
Hasil: Berdasarkan 9 literature menunjukkan terdapat stigma masyarakat mengenai penyintas Covid-19, seperti diskriminasi, stereotip, dan pelabelan. Berdasarkan hasil, media sosial berperan dalam mengurangi kesalahan informasi terkait Covid-19 yang mengarah kepada munculnya berbagai stigma.
Kesimpulan: Perkembangan media sosial dapat dijadikan peluang dalam mengembangkan dan memanfaatkan komunikasi yang efektif bagi tersedianya informasi kesehatan yang valid dan terpercaya. Tidak hanya para profesional kesehatan, masyarakat maupun orang terdekat dari penyintas Covid-19 juga berperan penting dalam menghindari munculnya stigma negatif.
Kata Kunci: Covid-19, Media sosial, Penyintas covid-19, Stigma
Abstract
Background: Covid-19 was officially declared a pandemic by the WHO on March 11, 2020. The very fast transmission of the virus and no drugs that could fully overcome this disease have made people even more afraid. The positive cases of Covid-19 that still exist today have contributed to the emergence of fear. There is a lot of stigmas given by the community, especially for Covid-19 survivors. Based on the 2020 Covid-19 reporting survey, 55.3% of respondents received stigma from the people around them, 42% were obtained by family and relatives, and 33.2% of respondents were isolated. Rapid technological developments pave the way for the use of social media. Social media as a way of disseminating information has contributed to the emergence of the existing stigma related to Covid-19, especially for Covid-19 survivors. This study aims to provide an overview of the role of social media in the health sector to increase public knowledge regarding Covid-19 and reduce misinformation that can create stigma for Covid-19 survivors.
Methods: Literature review by searching articles sourced from scientific publication databases, such as Google Scholar, PubMed, and Crossref.
Result: Based on 9 literature, it shows that there is a public stigma regarding Covid-19 survivors, such as discrimination, stereotypes, and labeling. Based on the results, social media plays a role in reducing misinformation related to Covid-19 which leads to the emergence of various stigmas.
Conclusion: The development of social media can be used as an opportunity to develop and utilize effective communication for the availability of valid and reliable health information. Not only health professionals, the public and those closest to Covid-19 survivors also play an important role in avoiding the emergence of negative stigma.
Keywords: Covid-19, Covid-19 survivor, Social media, Stigma