bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors affecting agonistic interactions of pigs after regrouping in pens with a box
Authors: ISHIWATA Toshie , UETAKE Katsuji , TANAKA Toshio 
Published: December 2004

ABSTRACTTo determine the factors affecting agonistic interactions after regrouping, 24 pigs were allocated to six pens that each had a box. Half of the pigs were experienced in using the box. One castrated male and one female pig were transferred from each pen to another pen at random. The number of pigs attacked was particularly large for the pigs that had no experience in using the box and were transferred on the first day (P < 0.05). The duration of access to the box was markedly longer for the pigs that had experience in using the box and were not transferred on the first day (P < 0.05). The number and duration of attacks were significantly larger and longer toward unfamiliar individuals than toward familiar ones (both P< 0.01). The number of attacks toward the same sex was significantly larger than toward the opposite sex (P < 0.01). A negative correlation was found between the number of agonistic interactions on the first day and the range of body weights in the pen mates (r = −0.78, P = 0.07). In conclusion, regrouping with unfamiliar individuals should be avoided, but when unavoidable, the following methods are recommended to reduce agonistic interactions: (1) ensure the intruders are experienced in using a box, (2) move experienced intruders in with residents that have no experience in using a box, (3) mix different sexes, and (4) have wide variations in body weights in a pen.
Influence of transgenic corn (CBH 351, named Starlink) on health condition of dairy cows and transfer of Cry9C protein and cry9C gene to milk, blood, liver and muscle
Authors: YONEMOCHI Chisato , IKEDA Takuo , HARADA Chisato , KUSAMA Toyoko , HANAZUMI Michito 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe influence of transgenic event CBH 351 (Starlink)‐derived hybrid corn (SL) on the health condition, physiological function and lactational performance of dairy cows as well as the transfer of the cry9C gene and Cry9C protein present in SL to milk, blood, liver and muscles was examined, and compared with a diet containing non‐transgenic (isogenic) control corn (non‐SL). After adapting to a diet containing non‐SL for 2 weeks, four Holstein cows were assigned to each of the non‐SL and SL groups and were fed diets containing non‐SL or SL, respectively, for 5 weeks. There were no significant influences on the physiological condition, milk yield or serum biochemical and hematological values after feeding with SL. There was also no influence on pH value, cell density of protozoa, or volatile fatty acid concentration and composition of rumen fluids. In addition, no significant differences were observed on histopathological examination of the major organs and tissues between the SL and non‐SL groups. Moreover, the cry9C gene and Cry9C protein were not detected by the polymerase chain reaction method and ELISA in the milk, blood, liver and muscles of the cows at the end of the experiment.
The relationship between plasma leptin concentrations and the distribution of body fat in crossbred steers
Authors: YAMADA Tomoya , KAWAKAMI Shin‐Ichi , NAKANISHI Naoto 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe objective of the present study was to examine the relationship between plasma leptin levels and fat distribution in crossbred steers. Twenty‐four crossbred steers (Japanese Black × Holstein) were used in this study. Six steers belonged to the growing phase (11 months of age), and 18 steers to the finishing phase (from 21 to 28 months of age). Plasma leptin levels correlated positively with body fat weight (r = 0.807, P < 0.01), body fat percentage (r = 0.802, P < 0.01), visceral fat weight (r = 0.807, P < 0.01), visceral fat percentage (r = 0.780, P < 0.01), subcutaneous fat weight (r = 0.745, P < 0.01), subcutaneous fat percentage (r = 0.734, P < 0.01), intermuscular fat weight (r = 0.793, P < 0.01), intermuscular fat percentage (0.775, P < 0.01), renal fat weight (r = 0.694, P < 0.01), renal fat percentage (r = 0.642, P < 0.01), subcutaneous fat thickness (r = 0.755, P < 0.01), intermuscular fat thickness (r = 0.721, P < 0.01), beef marbling score (r = 0.706, P < 0.01) and the crude fat content of Musculus longissimus thoracis (r = 0.592, P < 0.01). The location of fat deposits did not affect the correlation values. However, when steers were divided into growing (n = 6) and finishing (n = 18) groups, there was no significant correlation between plasma leptin levels and the carcass characteristics related to fat deposition (fat weight, fat percentage, carcass traits) in either group. These results suggest that plasma leptin levels in crossbred steers positively correlate with body fat content and carcass traits when these parameters vary widely.
Effect of oral administration of L‐pipecolic acid on food intake in chicks and mice
Authors: TAKAGI Tomo , ANDO Ryuichi , OHGUSHI Atsushi , NAKANISHI Tomonori , HUSSAIN‐YUSUF Hazizul , ONODERA Ryoji , SATO Hiroyuki , DENBOW D. Michael , FURUSE Mitsuhiro 
Published: December 2004

AbstractIt has been demonstrated that L‐pipecolic acid (L‐PA), a major metabolic intermediate of L‐lysine (L‐Lys) in the brain, is involved in the functioning of the γ‐aminobutyric acid‐ergic system. Previous study has shown that intracerebroventricular injection of L‐PA suppressed feeding and induced sleep‐like behavior in neonatal chicks. The present study examines whether the action of L‐PA was induced by gavage in both chicks and mice. Oral administration of L‐PA significantly inhibited food intake at 2 h after treatment in neonatal chicks, although no significant effect of L‐Lys was detected. In mice, oral L‐PA suppressed food intake compared to the control after 2 h of treatment. It was concluded that L‐PA was effective for suppression of food intake after oral administration in both avian and mammalian species.
Inhibitory effect of dietary anacardic acid supplementation on cecal lesion formation following chicken coccidial infection
Authors: TOYOMIZU Masaaki , NAKAI Yutaka , NAKATSU Tetsuo , AKIBA Yukio 
Published: December 2004

AbstractTwo experiments were conducted to determine the effects on male chicken performance of anacardic acid and cashew nut shell oil as feed supplements during an experimental coccidial infection. Seven‐day‐old chicks wer e fed a corn‐soybean diet containing anacardic acid at 0, 0.4 or 0.8% (Experiment 1), or cashew nut shell oil at 0, 0.1, 0.2 or 0.4% (Experiment 2) for 10 days. On the third day of each experiment, half of the birds fed each diet were individually inoculated orally with 2 × 103 or 5 × 104 (Experiment 1) and 1 × 104 or 1 × 105 (Experiment 2) Eimeria tenella oocysts. In Experiment 1, body weight gain and cecal length decreased significantly according to the level of oocyst inoculation, while oocyst production per cecum (log value) and cecal lesion score significantly increased. Dietary anacardic acid supplementation had no effect on these parameters except for that of lesion score, which was improved (i.e. decreased) by anacardic acid supplementation of 0.8% at the inoculation level of 2 × 103 oocysts, and of 0.4 and 0.8% for the higher inoculation (5 × 104 oocysts). Results of Experiment 2 also showed that cashew nut shell oil affected neither cecal length nor oocyst production per cecum (log value) at either of the inoculation levels, but the lesion score was improved by cashew nut shell oil supplementation at 0.2 and 0.4% in the diet at the inoculation level of 1 × 104 oocysts and at 0.4% for the higher inoculation. The present study provides the first evidence of the reducing effects of anacardic acid and cashew nut shell oil on the severity of cecal lesions in chickens during an experimental coccidial infection.
Changes of histochemical profiles of myofibers in pectoralis and supracoracoideus fasciculi induced by breeding for large or small body size in Japanese quails
Authors: IWAMOTO Hisao , GOTOH Takafumi , TABATA Shoji , NISHIMURA Shotaro , OKAMOTO Satoru 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe histochemical profiles of myofibers in Musculus pectoralis (PT) and M. supracoracoideus (SC) fasciculi were compared among Japanese quail strains with large, normal and small body sizes. In male and female adults, both the PT and SC muscles had attained a 2.5–2.7‐fold weight gain in the large strain and conversely a 0.43–0.50‐fold change in the small strain relative to those of the normal size. The muscles were composed of fasciculi with a central cluster of type IIA fibers surrounded by a peripheral layer of type IIB fibers. In the large strain, the cross sectional area (CSA) of the fasciculus and CSA of the fibers in each type were significantly enlarged compared with those in the normal size, with the exception of the fasciculus in the deep region of the male PT muscle. The hypertrophied type IIA fibers in the large strain showed considerable variation in nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide dehydrogenase activity, some of which might represent a transitional form into type IIB fibers. In the small strain, the fasciculus CSA did not significantly differ from that of the normal size except for the PT surface region of the male. However, fiber atrophy was observed in type IIB fibers of the PT surface region in both sexes, and type IIA fibers of the PT deep region and SC muscle in the small strain male quails. The relative fiber type composition of a fasciculus in each region showed only a slight change across the strains. These results indicate that breast muscle hypertrophy in the large strain could be based mainly on fasciculus and fiber hypertrophy, but muscle atrophy in the small strain is not induced by fasciculus and fiber atrophy.
Comparison of collagen content, distribution and architecture among the pectoralis, iliotibialis lateralis and puboischiofemoralis muscles with different myofiber composition in Silky cocks
Authors: NAKAMURA Yoshi‐Nori , IWAMOTO Hisao , TABATA Shoji , ONO Yoshitaka , SHIBA Nobuya , NISHIMURA Shotaro 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe total amount of collagen, the relative distributions of types I and III collagens in perimysium and endomysium, and the collagen fiber architecture were compared among the pectoralis (PT), iliotibialis lateralis (ITL) and puboischiofemoralis (PIF) muscles in Silky cocks. All of the myofibers in the PT muscle were type IIB, the myofibers in the ITL muscle were divided into type IIA, 41.7% and IIB, 58.3%, and the PIF muscle was composed of type I, 24.6%; IIA, 64.6%; and transitional, 10.8%. The total amount of collagen differed significantly among the PT (2.92 mg/g), PIF (4.20 mg/g) and ITL (8.06 mg/g) material, where only the PIF was a whole muscle with epimysium. On the image analysis of the immunohistochemical preparations, the percentage area of perimysial collagen to the total area in each type differed significantly among the PIF, PT and ITL muscles, where it was 26.8, 50.0 and 74.4% for the type I collagen and 27.4, 32.9 and 61.7% for the type III collagen, respectively. In the scanning electron micrography of the perimysium in macerated preparations, thick bundles of collagen fibers were observed in the ITL muscle, thinner but broad platelets in the PT muscle, and a coarse tissue of thinner collagen fibers in the PIF muscle. However, the endomysial fabric of collagen fibrils was similar among the muscles. Small, transverse collagen fibers, which branched off from the thicker perimysia, occupied narrow interendomysial spaces and separated the primary myofiber fasciculi. The results indicate that the ITL muscle, localized in the distorted and overextended part of the leg and subject to strong external forces, had highly developed perimysial collagen fiber bundles, but the ITL endomysial collagen architecture was similar to that of the PT and PIF muscles.
Effect of atropine and pyridostigmine on growth hormone response to GH‐releasing peptide‐2 and GH‐releasing hormone in swine
Authors: NOU Vonika , TOMOSHI Kyouko , INOUE Hiroaki , KUWAYAMA Hideto , HIDARI Hisashi 
Published: December 2004

AbstractTo investigate the effects of high and low somatostatinergic tone on GH‐releasing peptide‐2 (GHRP‐2) and GH‐releasing hormone (GHRH)‐induced growth hormone (GH) secretion in swine, we examined GHRP‐2‐ and GHRH‐induced GH secretion after pretreatment with atropine or pyridostigmine. Pretreatment of swine with atropine (80 µg/kg bodyweight (BW), intravenous (i.v.)) 15 min before i.v. administration of saline, GHRP‐2 (30 µg/kg BW), GHRH (1 µg/kg BW) or a combination of GHRP‐2 and GHRH, reduced plasma GH area under the curve (P < 0.05), completely blocked GH response to GHRH, and attenuated GH response to GHRP‐2 and GHRH combined (P < 0.05), without affecting GH response to GHRP‐2 only. A synergistic effect of GHRP‐2 and GHRH was not observed. In contrast, pretreatment of swine with pyridostigmine (100 µg/kg BW, i.v.), under the same pretreatment conditions as above, increased plasma GH concentration (P < 0.01), augmented GH response to GHRP‐2 (P < 0.05), and GHRP‐2 and GHRH combined (P < 0.05), but did not affect GH response to GHRH. These results suggest that the cholinergic muscarinic agents atropine and pyridostigmine modulate the GH response to GHRP‐2 and GHRH, and that GHRP‐2 acts antagonistically on the inhibitory effect of somatostatin in swine.
Immunohistochemical detection of pituitary transcription factor‐1 in paraffin sections of bovine adenohypophysis after wet heat‐induced antigen retrieval
Authors: MATSUZAKI Masatoshi , SATO Takahiro , WATANABE Kouichi , SHIBA Nobuya , TSUNEISHI Eisaku , YAMAGUCHI Takahiro 
Published: December 2004

AbstractPituitary transcription factor‐1 (Pit‐1) is a tissue‐specific transcription factor responsible for somatotroph (GH cell) development and growth hormone (GH) gene activation. To investigate the expression of Pit‐1 protein in bovine adenohypophysis, antigen retrieval conditions for detection of Pit‐1 were optimized in paraffin sections of bovine pituitary. We then localized Pit‐1 and GH employing a double‐immunohistochemical staining method and compared the distribution and proportion of adenohypophyseal cells containing Pit‐1 and GH between Japanese Black (Blk) and Holstein (Hol) steers. Autoclave heating pretreatment of sections in Dako Target Retrieval Solution for 20–30 min enabled reliable detection of the distinct nuclear immunostaining of Pit‐1. However, heat treatment in phosphate buffered saline or citrate buffer gave only a weak signal with increased background staining and false positive immunoreactions in the cytoplasm. Pituitary transcription factor‐1 was abundantly expressed in the bovine anterior pituitary and the number of Pit‐1 immunoreactive cells did not differ between the breeds. The proportion of GH cells relative to Pit‐1 immunoreactive cells was smaller in Blk than Hol steers, suggesting an intrinsic breed difference in cellular composition of bovine adenohypophysis. The immunohistochemical technique described will facilitate further investigation of the role played by Pit‐1 in the regulation of GH cell development and function in cattle.
Improvement of the emulsifying properties of porcine sarcoplasmic proteins with a low‐molecular weight surfactant by the two‐step emulsification method
Authors: MIYAGUCHI Yuji , HAYASHI Yuki , NAGAYAMA Kiyomi 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe emulsifying properties of porcine sarcoplasmic protein (SP) with or without low‐molecular weight surfactants were examined. The emulsifying activity (EA) of SP was weaker than that of sodium caseinate (CA), blood plasma (BP) and whey protein isolates at a protein concentration of 0.5–3%. Sodium chloride decreased the EA of SP. The EA of SP was about one quarter that of CA in the presence of 3% sodium chloride. As homogenization time increased, the EAs of SP and BP decreased. The EA of SP was not influenced by sucrose stearate ester (SE) with a hydrophilic‐lipophilic balance (HLB) value of 16 (SE‐16) but was decreased by those with HLB values of 5 and 1. Low‐molecular weight surfactants such as SE‐16, Tween 80 and sodium cholate improved the EA of SP with the two‐step emulsification method: corn oil was previously emulsified with the surfactant before addition of SP and homogenization. In the case of the addition of SE‐16 as primary emulsifier, the EA was about twice as high as that of SP alone. The same effect was shown in the emulsions formed by CA and soy protein isolate. These results indicate that the emulsifying properties of meat protein would be improved by the addition of a low‐molecular weight surfactant in a two‐step emulsification.
Regulator protein that potentially triggers the transcription of the H+‐ATPase operon in a ruminal bacterium, Streptococcus bovis
Authors: OHKAWARA Sou , ASANUMA Narito , HINO Tsuneo 
Published: December 2004

AbstractIn order to seek regulator proteins that are involved in the transcription of the H+‐ATPase operon (atp) in Streptococcus bovis, a transcriptional promoter region of the atp was identified. DNase I footprinting revealed the presence of S. bovis cellular protein that binds to the promoter region. In vitro transcription analysis indicated that the cellular protein triggers atp‐mRNA synthesis. In vitro atp‐mRNA synthesis increased six‐fold on changing the culture pH from 7.0 to 4.5, suggesting that the potential regulator protein increases in response to low pH.
Estimation of additive, maternal and non‐additive genetic effects of preweaning growth traits in a multibreed beef cattle project
Authors: ABDEL‐AZIZ Mahmoud , SCHOEMAN Stephan Johannes , JORDAAN Gail F. 
Published: December 2004

ABSTRACTData from purebred and crossbred calves, consisting of Afrikaner (AF), Charolais (CH), Simmental (ST) and Hereford and Aberdeen Angus combined (HA), were analyzed to estimate breed additive effects, breed maternal effects, average individual heterosis and average maternal heterosis. The traits studied were birthweight (BW), weaning weight (WW) and preweaning average daily gain (ADG) (kg). A multiple regression procedure was used for the estimation of these genetic effects and for predictions for breed crosses that were not included in the data set. Crosses containing higher proportions of CH or ST were heavier at birth and weaning than the other crosses and purebreds. The direct effects of BW were negative and significant (P < 0.05), except that of the CH, which was the highest. The regression coefficients were −24.87, −18.16, −22.80 and −27.02 for AF, CH, ST and HA, respectively. The maternal effects were not significant. Both average individual and average maternal heterosis regression coefficients were also not significant for BW. Regression coefficients of both direct and maternal effects for WW were not significant and were characterized by large standard errors. Average individual heterosis and average maternal heterosis regression coefficients were, however, significant (P < 0.01) and the values were 5.34 and 2.19, respectively. A similar pattern was observed for ADG, except for the regression coefficients of the maternal effects, which were significant, with larger estimates for AF and ST reflecting their superior mothering ability. The values were 0.01, 0.13, 0.13, 0.03; −0.82, −0.85, −0.85, −0.81; 0.03 and 0.01 for direct effects and maternal effects of AF, CH, ST and HA; and average individual heterosis and average maternal heterosis, respectively. Means and standard errors of purebreds and their F1 crosses not included in the dataset were predicted.
Viability of maternally heat‐stressed mouse zygotes in vivo and in vitro
Authors: OZAWA Manabu , YAMASAKI Yukiko , HIRABAYASHI Miho , KANAI Yukio 
Published: December 2004

ABSTRACTMammalian preimplantation embryos are susceptible to heat stress. This present study examined how maternal heat stress affects the development of mouse zygotes in vivo and in vitro. In Experiment 1, zygotes collected from female mice that were heat‐stressed for 12 h on day 1 of pregnancy were cultured in vitro. Maternally heat‐stressed zygotes developed normally to the two‐cell stage, but the majority of embryos failed to develop into morulae or blastocysts. In Experiment 2, pregnant mice were heat‐stressed on day 1 or from day 1 to day 3 of pregnancy. The number of living fetuses on day 14 of pregnancy was lower in heat‐stressed mice than in non‐stressed mice, but the difference was significant only in successively heat‐stressed mice. These results demonstrate that maternally heat‐stressed zygotes have reduced in vitro viability, but this phenomenon does not necessarily lead to embryo loss in the maternal environment.
Relationship between parity and mineral status in dairy cows during the periparturient period
Authors: KUME Shin‐ichi , NONAKA Kazuhisa , OSHITA Tomoko 
Published: December 2004

ABSTRACTData from 65 cows were collected to clarify the relationship between parity and mineral status in Holstein cows during the periparturient period. Milk fever occurred in a second‐ and a fourth‐lactation cow at parturition. Bodyweight of cows decreased immediately after parturition, and the decreased weights of cows from 1 to 6 days after parturition ranged from 11 to 27 kg. Milk yield of multiparous cows was higher than that of primiparous cows, but Ca and P concentrations in colostrum were not affected by the parity. Plasma glucose of primiparous cows was higher than that of multiparous cows, and plasma nonesterified fatty acids of fourth‐and‐more‐lactation cows at parturition was highest. Plasma Ca concentration of cows at parturition decreased with advancing parity, and plasma inorganic P concentration of third‐and‐more‐lactation cows was lowest at parturition. Plasma parathyroid hormone of fourth‐and‐more‐lactation cows at parturition was highest, but plasma hydroxyproline and alkaline phosphatase was lowest. These results suggest that the large transfer of Ca and P to colostrum is a factor in the development of milk fever in third‐and‐more‐lactation cows.
Effect of follicle‐stimulating hormone on ZPC protein secretion by quail granulosa layer
Authors: SASANAMI Tomohiro , ATSUMI Ena , MORI Makoto 
Published: December 2004

ABSTRACTIn avian species, ZPC, a glycoprotein of the inner layer of the vitelline membrane, is synthesized in the granulosa cells of developing follicles. We have previously reported that follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH) is one of the factors that stimulate ZPC production in quails. In the present study, we examined the effect of FSH on ZPC secretion, and the mode of ZPC secretion from pieces of granulosa layer. Western blot analysis demonstrated that, in the absence of FSH, the intensity of ZPC bands in the medium faded after 6 h of incubation. The addition of FSH caused an increase in intensity of ZPC bands when incubated for more than 6 h. The ZPC secretion during the first 6 h of incubation was depressed by the addition of either cycloheximide or actinomycin D. These results show that the ZPC found in the medium during short‐term incubation is newly synthesized protein and is secreted from the granulosa cells by the constitutive secretory pathway.