bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Water quality status analysis based on a parameter of Physics and Chemistry using the STORET method in Bekasi river
Authors: Indrasari W , Nabilla Z , Sunaryo S 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In the last 100 years, river water pollution has continued to increase along with industrial, agricultural, and human population developments. Various attempts are being carried out continuously to characterize river water quality. The status of water quality needs to be determined as an effort to monitor water systems for clean water need and the biota life need. The purpose of this study was to examine the water quality status of the Bekasi River based on Physics parameters (Temperature, Turbidity, TDS, Salinity, and Electrical Conductivity) and Chemistry parameters (pH, COD, content of Iron, Nitrite, Zinc, Chromium, and Copper), as an effort to river water pollution monitoring. Parameter measurements were carried out from August to September 2022 at six observation locations along the Bekasi River. The procedure for collecting samples refers to SNI 03-7016-2004. The data obtained were then compared with water quality standards based on applicable government regulations and analyzed using the STORET method. The index calculation results show that the six locations are lightly polluted, with a negative score of -8. Based on these results, the waters of the Bekasi River in the October-September period belong to class B with the “Good” category.
Development of an assessment instrument for critical thinking skills in Physics: a systematic literature review
Authors: Bhakti Y B , Arthur R , Supriyati Y 
Published: October 2023

AbstractCritical thinking ability is one of the higher-order thinking skills. Assessing critical thinking ability requires a valid and reliable instrument. The assessment instrument for critical thinking ability is a measurement tool used to test critical thinking skills based on predefined indicators. This research aims to examine the development of research on critical thinking ability instruments, including methods of development, instrument forms, indicators, analysis, and instrument validity. The research utilizes the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method. Data is 72 articles collected by documenting and reviewing articles in journals related to the development of instruments for assessing critical thinking ability using the Publish or Perish with the Google Scholar and Scopus databases from 2017 to 2023. The results of the study show that the assessment instrument for critical thinking ability can be developed through the R&D development model. The forms of the instruments used to measure critical thinking ability include Two-Tier Tests, Four-Tier Tests, Open-Ended, and Multiple Choice. The indicators developed in these critical thinking assessment instruments refer to the theories proposed by Ennis and Facione. Additionally, the feasibility of the critical thinking assessment instruments is evaluated through validity and reliability testing. The more research is conducted in this field, the more the understanding of the best ways to measure and develop critical thinking skills in physics lessons grows, which can also enhance the quality of physics learning.
Analysis of the utilization of the Learning Management System (LMS) as a learning media in the Physics Education Department Universitas Syiah Kuala
Authors: Mahzum E , Sofyan H , Nasrudin M F , Mailizar M , Herliana F 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This paper presents an analysis of the use of the Learning Management System (LMS) as a learning media for students of the Department of Physics Education at Universitas Syiah Kuala. It aims to determine student and lecturer perceptions, assess the advantages and challenges of LMS, and study its correlation with learning outcomes. Data was collected through a survey distributed to 13 lecturers and 35 students. The survey questionnaire included 7 statements on LMS use by lecturers and 5 questions on student access frequency during learning. Data were analyzed with quantitative descriptive and descriptive statistics with correlation analysis to determine the correlation of LMS to student learning outcomes. The results showed that most students and lecturers had positive perceptions of LMS and often used it for physics courses. This study also found a significant positive relationship between the frequency of LMS use and student learning outcomes. LMS is highly beneficial, enabling flexible learning. However, some lecturers’ technical skill gaps hinder LMS-based lectures in some courses. Encourage instructors and administrators to support LMS use. This study contributes to the literature on LMS in higher education, especially for physics education.
The Lévy flight foraging hypothesis: comparison between stationary distributions and anomalous diffusion*
Authors: Dipierro Serena , Giacomin Giovanni , Valdinoci Enrico 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWe consider a stationary prey in a given region of space and we aim at detecting optimal foraging strategies. On the one hand, when the prey is uniformly distributed, the best possible strategy for the forager is to be stationary and uniformly distributed in the same region. On the other hand, in several biological settings, foragers cannot be completely stationary, therefore we investigate the best seeking strategy for Lévy foragers in terms of the corresponding Lévy exponent. In this case, we show that the best strategy depends on the region size in which the prey is located: large regions exhibit optimal seeking strategies close to Gaussian random walks, while small regions favor Lévy foragers with small fractional exponent. We also consider optimal strategies in view of the Fourier transform of the distribution of a stationary prey. When this distribution is supported in a suitable volume, then the foraging efficiency functional is monotone increasing with respect to the Lévy exponent and accordingly the optimal strategy is given by the Gaussian dispersal. If instead the Fourier transform of the distribution of a stationary prey is supported in the complement of a suitable volume, then the foraging efficiency functional is monotone decreasing with respect to the Lévy exponent and therefore the optimal strategy is given by a null fractional exponent (which in turn corresponds, from a biological standpoint, to a strategy of ‘ambush’ type). We will devote a rigorous quantitative analysis also to emphasize some specific differences between the one-dimensional and the higher-dimensional cases.
Tunable synaptic working memory with volatile memristive devices
Authors: Ricci Saverio , Kappel David , Tetzlaff Christian , Ielmini Daniele , Covi Erika 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Different real-world cognitive tasks evolve on different relevant timescales. Processing these tasks requires memory mechanisms able to match their specific time constants. In particular, the working memory (WM) utilizes mechanisms that span orders of magnitudes of timescales, from milliseconds to seconds or even minutes. This plentitude of timescales is an essential ingredient of WM tasks like visual or language processing. This degree of flexibility is challenging in analog computing hardware because it requires the integration of several reconfigurable capacitors of different size. Emerging volatile memristive devices present a compact and appealing solution to reproduce reconfigurable temporal dynamics in a neuromorphic network. We present a demonstration of WM using a silver-based memristive device whose key parameters, retention time and switching probability, can be electrically tuned and adapted to the task at hand. First, we demonstrate the principles of WM in a small scale hardware to execute an associative memory task. Then, we use the experimental data in two larger scale simulations, the first featuring WM in a biological environment, the second demonstrating associative symbolic WM.
COIMMR: a computational framework to reveal the contribution of herbal ingredients against human cancer via immune microenvironment and metabolic reprogramming
Authors: Tian Saisai , Li Yanan , Xu Jia , Zhang Lijun , Zhang Jinbo , Lu Jinyuan , Xu Xike , Luan Xin , Zhao Jing , Zhang Weidong 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Immune evasion and metabolism reprogramming have been regarded as two vital hallmarks of the mechanism of carcinogenesis. Thus, targeting the immune microenvironment and the reprogrammed metabolic processes will aid in developing novel anti-cancer drugs. In recent decades, herbal medicine has been widely utilized to treat cancer through the modulation of the immune microenvironment and reprogrammed metabolic processes. However, labor-based herbal ingredient screening is time consuming, laborious and costly. Luckily, some computational approaches have been proposed to screen candidates for drug discovery rapidly. Yet, it has been challenging to develop methods to screen drug candidates exclusively targeting specific pathways, especially for herbal ingredients which exert anti-cancer effects by multiple targets, multiple pathways and synergistic ways. Meanwhile, currently employed approaches cannot quantify the contribution of the specific pathway to the overall curative effect of herbal ingredients. Hence, to address this problem, this study proposes a new computational framework to infer the contribution of the immune microenvironment and metabolic reprogramming (COIMMR) in herbal ingredients against human cancer and specifically screen herbal ingredients targeting the immune microenvironment and metabolic reprogramming. Finally, COIMMR was applied to identify isoliquiritigenin that specifically regulates the T cells in stomach adenocarcinoma and cephaelin hydrochloride that specifically targets metabolic reprogramming in low-grade glioma. The in silico results were further verified using in vitro experiments. Taken together, our approach opens new possibilities for repositioning drugs targeting immune and metabolic dysfunction in human cancer and provides new insights for drug development in other diseases. COIMMR is available at https://github.com/LYN2323/COIMMR.
Voicing or Silence: Palestinian Israeli and Jewish Israeli Social Workers’ Relationships during Political Turmoil
Authors: Darawshy Neveen Ali-Saleh , Lev Sagit , Weiss-Dagan Shlomit 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In this study, we examined Palestinian Israeli and Jewish Israeli social workers’ relationships in relation to events in May 2021 that involved serious political violent incidents between Palestinian and Jewish Israelis. The qualitative phenomenology approach was used. We interviewed twenty-five social workers from both groups who work in public social services in six ethnonational mixed Palestinian–Jewish cities in Israel. Participants, who were predominantly female and between the ages of 25 and 55, were recruited using a purposive sampling technique. In-depth interviews, conducted in Hebrew and Arabic, focused on the perceptions, experiencing and challenges in relationships between colleagues during crises. Findings revealed the complexity of relationships amid political violence. Most participants coped by remaining silent on political matters. Three themes emerged: subjects of silence, reasons for silence and instances of breaking silence within WhatsApp groups, staff meetings and private conversations amongst individuals of the same ethnic group. The authors make recommendations for research, practice and training for social workers concerning relationships in the context of ongoing political conflict. It is also important to raise ‘social-work-informed conflict awareness’ amongst social workers that relates to how political conflicts may influence their behaviours and relationships.
Deep Learning Models Capture Histological Disease Activity in Crohn’s Disease and Ulcerative Colitis with High Fidelity
Authors: Rymarczyk Dawid , Schultz Weiwei , Borowa Adriana , Friedman Joshua R , Danel Tomasz , Branigan Patrick , Chałupczak Michał , Bracha Anna , Krawiec Tomasz , Warchoł Michał , Li Katherine , De Hertogh Gert , Zieliński Bartosz , Ghanem Louis R , Stojmirovic Aleksandar 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background and Aims
Histological disease activity in inflammatory bowel disease [IBD] is associated with clinical outcomes and is an important endpoint in drug development. We developed deep learning models for automating histological assessments in IBD.

Methods
Histology images of intestinal mucosa from phase 2 and phase 3 clinical trials in Crohn’s disease [CD] and ulcerative colitis [UC] were used to train artificial intelligence [AI] models to predict the Global Histology Activity Score [GHAS] for CD and Geboes histopathology score for UC. Three AI methods were compared. AI models were evaluated on held-back testing sets, and model predictions were compared against an expert central reader and five independent pathologists.

Results
The model based on multiple instance learning and the attention mechanism [SA-AbMILP] demonstrated the best performance among competing models. AI-modelled GHAS and Geboes subgrades matched central readings with moderate to substantial agreement, with accuracies ranging from 65% to 89%. Furthermore, the model was able to distinguish the presence and absence of pathology across four selected histological features, with accuracies for colon in both CD and UC ranging from 87% to 94% and for CD ileum ranging from 76% to 83%. For both CD and UC and across anatomical compartments [ileum and colon] in CD, comparable accuracies against central readings were found between the model-assigned scores and scores by an independent set of pathologists.

Conclusions
Deep learning models based upon GHAS and Geboes scoring systems were effective at distinguishing between the presence and absence of IBD microscopic disease activity.
An unmet need: arrhythmia detection by implantable loop recorder in the systemic right ventricle
Authors: Kakarla Jayant , Crossland David S , Murray Stephen , Adhvaryu Kaitav , Jansen Katrijn , Rybicka Justyna , Hermuzi Antony , Martin Ruairidh , Shepherd Ewen , Seller Neil , Coats Louise 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Aims
Patients with systemic right ventricles are at high risk of sudden cardiac death. Arrhythmia is a significant risk factor. Routine Holter monitoring is opportunistic with poor adherence. The aim of this study was to determine if continuous rhythm monitoring with an implantable loop recorder (ILR) could allow early detection of clinically important arrhythmias.

Methods and results
Implantable loop recorder implantation was offered to patients with atrial switch repair for transposition of the great arteries. Recordings were made with symptoms or, automatically for pauses, significant bradycardia or tachycardia and reviewed by the multi-disciplinary team. Twenty-four out of 36 eligible patients underwent ILR implantation with no complication. Forty-two per cent had preserved ventricular function, 75% were NYHA functional class I, 88% had low sudden cardiac death risk, 33% had previous intra-atrial re-entrant tachycardia (IART), and none had known conduction disease. Eighteen out of 24 (75%) patients made 52 recordings (52% automated) over 39.5 months (1.6–72.5). Thirty-two out of 52 (62%) recordings in 15/24 (63%) of the cohort were clinically significant and included sinus node disease (two patients), atrioventricular block (two patients), IART (seven patients), and IART with sinus node disease or atrioventricular block (four patients). Implantable loop recorder recordings prompted medication change in 11 patients [beta-blockers (n = 9), anti-coagulation (n = 5), and stopping anti-coagulation (n = 1)] and device therapy recommendation in seven patients [five pacemakers (three: atrioventricular block) and two defibrillators]. Two patients declined intervention; one suffered an arrhythmic death. Intra-atrial re-entrant tachycardia and clinically relevant conduction disease were detected in patients irrespective of sudden cardiac death risk.

Conclusion
Continuous monitoring with an ILR in patients with systemic right ventricle following atrial switch detects clinically relevant arrhythmias that impact decision-making. In this cohort, clinically relevant arrhythmias did not correlate with sudden cardiac death risk.
Personality and Cognition: The Mediating Role of Inflammatory Markers
Authors: Stephan Yannick , Sutin Angelina R , Luchetti Martina , Aschwanden Damaris , Terracciano Antonio 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Objectives
Five-Factor Model personality traits are associated consistently with cognition. Inflammation has been hypothesized as a biological pathway in this association, but this assumption has yet to be tested. The present study tested inflammatory markers as mediators between personality traits and cognition.

Methods
Participants were from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS; N = 4,364; 60% women; mean age = 64.48 years, standard deviation = 8.79). Personality traits and demographic factors were assessed in 2010/2012. Data on inflammatory markers (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein [hsCRP], interleukin-6 [IL-6], soluble tumor necrosis factor 1 (sTNFR1), interleukin-10 [IL-10], interleukin-1 receptor antagonist [IL-1Ra], and transforming growth factor [TGF]-β1) were obtained in 2016 from the HRS Venuous Blood Study. Cognition was assessed in 2020 using the modified Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status.

Results
Higher neuroticism was related to lower cognition at follow-up, whereas higher extraversion, openness, agreeableness, and conscientiousness were associated with better cognition. Higher extraversion and higher conscientiousness were related to lower hsCRP, IL-6, IL-10, IL-1Ra, and sTNFR1, and higher openness was associated with lower IL-10, IL-1Ra, and sTNFR1 and to higher soluble TGF-β1. Lower sTNFR1 partially mediated the associations between conscientiousness, extraversion, and openness and cognition at follow-up, explaining an estimated 4%–12% of these associations. The mediating role of sTNFR1 persisted when physical activity and depressive symptoms were included as additional mediators.

Discussion
The present study provides new evidence on personality and inflammatory markers. Consistent with the inflammation hypothesis, the sTNFR1 finding supports a potential biological pathway between personality and cognition.
Lessons from a successful national sanitation programme: the case of Nyumba ni Choo in Tanzania
Authors: Aunger Robert , Mwambuli Kaposo , Cardosi Jason 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Universal access to hygienic sanitation is a Sustainable Development Goal for international development. However, many countries are liable to miss this target by the deadline of 2030. As provision and subsidy are prohibitively expensive, promotion is the tactic commonly taken by governments and stakeholders in many countries, even though it is often not effective at generating significant changes in sanitation coverage. A recent 5-year programme used an international consortium made up of organizations’ experts in consumer research, creative communication, programme management and event implementation, media monitoring and programme evaluation, to achieve significant increases in the coverage of improved sanitation facilities throughout Tanzania, using adaptive programming. A number of lessons, outlined here, can be drawn from this experience which are likely to be applicable to promotion efforts in other countries and contexts and which can hopefully help countries to reach their sanitation targets. These lessons include the use of motivation and targeted expertise rather than reliance on training, the use of the theory of change to guide development processes, targeting of high-level government support, collaboration with private sector actors, testing and refreshing of messaging, continuous monitoring of on-ground conditions, use of multiple modes of outreach and branding of all programme outputs.
De Novo Crohn’s Disease in Children With Ulcerative Colitis Undergoing Ileal Pouch–Anal Anastomosis: A Multicenter, Retrospective Study From the Pediatric IBD Porto Group of the ESPGHAN
Authors: Martinelli Massimo , Romeo Erminia , Caldaro Tamara , Dimakou Konstantina , Papadopoulou Alexandra , Matar Manar , Assa Amit , Dipasquale Valeria , Romano Claudio , Aloi Marina , Alvisi Patrizia , Röser Dennis , Kolho Kaija Leena , Afzal Nadeem , Ledder Oren , Cohen Schlomi , Bronsky Jiri , Escher Johanna C , Brueckner Annecarin , Shamir Raanan , Staiano Annamaria , Miele Erasmo 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background and Aims
We sought to define the prevalence and to characterize possible predictive factors of Crohn’s disease (CD) occurring in children with ulcerative colitis (UC) after ileal pouch–anal anastomosis (IPAA).

Methods
This was a multicenter, retrospective study including 15 centers of the Porto IBD group of the European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition. Children with a confirmed diagnosis of UC undergoing colectomy with IPAA and a minimal follow up of 6 months were identified. The following data were collected: demographic data; endoscopic and histologic data; disease activity; laboratory exams; therapeutic history; indication for surgery, type, and timing; and IPAA functional outcomes and complications. In de novo CD cases, time of diagnosis, phenotype, location, and therapies were gathered.

Results
We identified 111 UC children undergoing IPAA from January 2008 to June 2018 (median age at colectomy: 13 years; age range: 1-18 years; female/male: 59/52). The median time from diagnosis to colectomy was 16 (range, 0-202) months. At the last follow-up, 40 (36%) of 111 children developed pouchitis. The criteria for de novo CD were met in 19(17.1%) of 111 children with a 25-month median (range, 3-61 months). At last follow-up, 12 (63.1%) of 19 were treated with biologics and in 5 (26.3%) of 19 children, the pouch was replaced with definitive ileostomy. In a multivariable logistic regression model, decreased preoperative body mass index z scores (odds ratio, 2.2; 95% confidence interval, 1.1-4.4; P = .01) resulted as the only variable associated with CD development.

Conclusions
Children with UC undergoing IPAA carry a high risk of developing subsequent CD. De novo CD cases showed decreased preoperative body mass index z scores, identifying a poor nutritional status as a possible predictive factor.
Numerical and experimental investigation of a wind rotor equipped with wind catcher system
Authors: Ezzine Marwa , Guidara Zied , Cherif Hiba , Sghaier Jalila 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Wind energy is a key driver for the transformation towards a sustainable energy system. From a certain point of view, the main parameter is to increase the turbines' height and the rotor's size to improve the economic aspect and performance. On the other hand, ‘ducted wind turbines’, which can significantly improve the performance of smaller wind turbines, are attracting much attention. The objective is to create system compatible with urban environments and at the same time improve the efficiency of ducted wind turbines. This article studies a configuration, namely a wind turbine equipped with a wind catcher system, by studying it both experimentally and numerically. First, the tests are carried out on the system without inserting the wind rotor. Then the results of the developed model are compared via experimental tests, showing that it is possible to accept wind from all directions and from different heights by using the wind collector system and the cones. The results also show that the maximum wind speed increases by 2.5 times in the middle of the cylindrical part where the turbine is planned to be placed. Finally, the effects of inserting a vertical axis wind turbine inside the cylindrical part of the system on its power coefficient are studied. The results show that the system significantly improves the maximum power coefficient of the turbine.