bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Human vs Machine: The Future of Decision-making in Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
Authors: Duran Alpay , Demiröz Anıl , Çörtük Oguz , Ok Bora , Özten Mustafa , Eroğlu Sinem 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Artificial intelligence–driven technologies offer transformative potential in plastic surgery, spanning preoperative planning, surgical procedures, and postoperative care, with the promise of improved patient outcomes.

Objectives
To compare the web-based ChatGPT-4o (omni; OpenAI, San Francisco, CA) and Gemini Advanced (Alphabet Inc., Mountain View, CA), focusing on their data upload feature and examining outcomes before and after exposure to continuing medical education (CME) articles, particularly regarding their efficacy relative to human participants.

Methods
Participants and large language models (LLMs) completed 22 multiple-choice questions to assess baseline knowledge of CME topics. Initially, both LLMs and participants answered without article access. In incognito mode, the LLMs repeated the tests over 6 days. After accessing the articles, responses from both LLMs and participants were extracted and analyzed.

Results
There was a significant increase in mean scores after the article was read in the resident group, indicating a significant rise. In the LLM groups, the ChatGPT-4o (omni) group showed no significant difference between pre- and postarticle scores, but the Gemini Advanced group demonstrated a significant increase. It can be stated that the ChatGPT-4o and Gemini Advanced groups have higher accuracy means compared with the resident group in both pre- and postarticle periods.

Conclusions
The analysis between human participants and LLMs indicates promising implications for the incorporation of LLMs in medical education. Because these models increase in sophistication, they offer the potential to serve as supplementary tools within traditional learning environments. This could aid in bridging the gap between theoretical knowledge and practical implementation.
doubletrouble: an R/Bioconductor package for the identification, classification, and analysis of gene and genome duplications
Authors: Almeida-Silva Fabricio , Van de Peer Yves 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Summary
Gene and genome duplications are major evolutionary forces that shape the diversity and complexity of life. However, different duplication modes have distinct impacts on gene function, expression, and regulation. Existing tools for identifying and classifying duplicated genes are either outdated or not user-friendly. Here, we present doubletrouble, an R/Bioconductor package that provides a comprehensive and robust framework for analyzing duplicated genes from genomic data. doubletrouble can detect and classify gene pairs as derived from six duplication modes (segmental, tandem, proximal, retrotransposon-derived, DNA transposon-derived, and dispersed duplications), calculate substitution rates, detect signatures of putative whole-genome duplication events, and visualize results as publication-ready figures. We applied doubletrouble to classify the duplicated gene repertoire in 822 eukaryotic genomes, and results were made available through a user-friendly web interface.

Availability and implementation
doubletrouble is available on Bioconductor (https://bioconductor.org/packages/doubletrouble), and the source code is available in a GitHub repository (https://github.com/almeidasilvaf/doubletrouble). doubletroubledb is available online at https://almeidasilvaf.github.io/doubletroubledb/.
Bimekizumab efficacy and safety through 3 years in patients with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis: Long-term results from the BE RADIANT phase 3b trial open-label extension period
Authors: Warren Richard B , Lebwohl Mark , Thaçi Diamant , Gooderham Melinda , Pinter Andreas , Paul Carle , Gisondi Paolo , Szilagyi Balint , White Katy , Deherder Delphine , Staelens Fabienne , Lambert Jérémy , Strober Bruce 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Overexpression of interleukin (IL)-17A and IL-17F significantly influences psoriasis pathology. Until recently, biologics targeting IL-17A alone, like secukinumab, were used to treat psoriasis. Bimekizumab is a monoclonal IgG1 antibody that targets both IL-17A and IL-17F. BE RADIANT was the first phase 3 study to investigate switching from selective inhibition of IL-17A to dual inhibition of IL-17A and IL-17F.
Bimekizumab has previously shown superior achievement of complete skin clearance (PASI 100) versus secukinumab through 48 weeks. Switching from secukinumab to bimekizumab resulted in improved clinical responses. Over 2 years, no new safety signals were observed.

Objective
To report 3-year efficacy and safety of bimekizumab in patients with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis receiving continuous bimekizumab, or switching from secukinumab after 1 year.

Methods
The BE RADIANT phase 3b randomised controlled trial had a 48-week double-blinded period, in which patients received bimekizumab (320 mg every 4 weeks [Q4W]), or secukinumab (300 mg weekly to Week 4, then Q4W). At Week 16, bimekizumab-randomised patients underwent re-randomisation to receive Q4W or Q8W maintenance dosing. From Week 48 onwards (open-label extension), all received bimekizumab.

Results
336 bimekizumab- and 318 baseline secukinumab-randomised patients entered the open-label extension. Among these, more bimekizumab-randomised patients achieved PASI 100 (modified non-responder imputation) at Year 1 (74.9%) versus secukinumab-randomised patients (52.8%). PASI 100 response rates were maintained over 3 years in bimekizumab-treated patients (68.8%) and increased in secukinumab-randomised patients switching to bimekizumab (68.8%).
Bimekizumab was well-tolerated to 3 years. In patients receiving ≥1 bimekizumab dose, the most common treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) over 3 years were nasopharyngitis, oral candidiasis, and upper respiratory tract infection (exposure adjusted incidence rates: 12.2, 10.0, and 5.5/100 patient-years, respectively). Rates of TEAEs of interest, including serious infections, inflammatory bowel disease, and suicidal ideation and behaviour, did not increase with longer exposure to bimekizumab from 1 to 3 years.

Conclusion
Over two-thirds of bimekizumab-randomised patients and those switching from secukinumab to bimekizumab achieved and maintained complete skin clearance over 3 years of treatment. Over 3 years, bimekizumab was well-tolerated, and TEAE rates did not increase with longer exposure.
The genetic landscape and classification of infantile epileptic spasms syndrome requiring surgery due to suspected focal brain malformations
Authors: Coleman Matthew , Wang Min , Snell Penny , Lee Wei Shern , D'Arcy Colleen , Mignone Cristina , Pope Kate , Gillies Greta , Maixner Wirginia , Wray Alison , Harvey A Simon , Simons Cas , Leventer Richard J , Stephenson Sarah E M , Lockhart Paul J , Howell Katherine B 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Infantile epileptic spasms syndrome is a severe epilepsy of infancy that is often associated with focal malformations of cortical development. This study aimed to elucidate the genetic landscape and histopathologic aetiologies of infantile epileptic spasms syndrome due to focal malformations of cortical development requiring surgery. Fifty-nine children with a history of infantile epileptic spasms syndrome and focal malformations of cortical development on MRI were studied. Genetic testing of resected brain tissue was performed by high-coverage targeted panel sequencing or exome sequencing. Histopathology and MRI were reviewed, and integrated clinico-pathological diagnoses were established. A genetic diagnosis was achieved in 47 children (80% of cohort). Germline pathogenic variants were identified in 27/59 (46%) children, in TSC2 (x19), DEPDC5 (x2), CDKL5 (x2), NPRL3 (x1), FGFR1 (x1), TSC1 (x1), and one child with both a TUBB2A/TUBB2B deletion and a pathogenic variant in COL4A1 (x1). Pathogenic brain somatic variants were identified in 21/59 (36%) children, in SLC35A2 (x9), PIK3CA (x3), AKT3 (x2), TSC2 (x2), MTOR (x2), OFD1 (x1), TSC1 (x1) and DEPDC5 (x1). One child had ‘two-hit’ diagnosis, with both germline and somatic pathogenic DEPDC5 variants in trans. Multimodal data integration resulted in clinical diagnostic reclassifications in 24% of children, emphasizing the importance of combining genetic, histopathologic and imaging findings. Mammalian target of rapamycin pathway variants were identified in most children with tuberous sclerosis or focal cortical dysplasia type II. All nine children with somatic SLC35A2 variants in brain were reclassified to mild malformation of cortical development with oligodendroglial hyperplasia in epilepsy. Somatic mosaicism was a major cause of focal cortical dysplasia type II/hemimegalencephaly (81%) and mild malformation of cortical development with oligodendroglial hyperplasia (100%). The genetic landscape of infantile epileptic spasms syndrome due to focal malformations comprises germline and somatic variants in a range of genes, with mTORopathies and SLC35A2-related mild malformation of cortical development with oligodendroglial hyperplasia being the major causes. Multimodal data integration incorporating genetic data aids in optimizing diagnostic pathways and can guide surgical decision-making and inform future research and therapeutic interventions.
Stuck between a rock and a hard place: heart failure with bilateral atrial appendage thrombi and disseminated intravascular coagulation—a case report
Authors: Mazzeo Pietro , Bufano Gabriella , Fioretti Vincenzo , Corbo Maria Delia , Stabile Eugenio 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
The simultaneous occurrence of left atrial appendage (LAA) and right atrial appendage (RAA) thrombosis is a rare finding in atrial fibrillation (AF). In addition, concomitant conditions, such as heart failure (HF) and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), could be associated with intracardiac thrombosis. Morganella morganii is an emerging pathogen, and the association with DIC and cardiac thrombosis is not yet described.

Case summary
A 69-year-old Caucasian man was admitted to the hospital for progressive dyspnoea and new-onset diarrhoea. His physical examination revealed signs of HF and new-onset AF; laboratory tests showed marked thrombocytopaenia and coagulopathy. Blood and urine cultures were positive for M. morganii, and the International Society on Thrombosis and Hemostasis criteria were diagnostic for DIC. Transthoracic echocardiogram revealed a large, mobile left atrial mass and severely reduced left ventricular function. Transoesophageal echocardiogram showed two masses: one in the LAA and one in the RAA. Positron emission tomography/computed tomography scan excluded infective endocarditis and malignancies. After the beginning of antibiotic therapy and anticoagulation, the patient developed severe bleeding. Unfortunately, his haemodynamic status was complicated by multi-organ failure, and at the end, he developed irreversible cardiogenic shock. We present this challenging case of HF and AF complicated by DIC in the context of M. morganii infection.

Discussion
Multiple mechanisms, such as inflammatory storm, activation of coagulation cascade, and amplified immune response, may explain the hyper-coagulable state related to DIC. In our case, HF, AF, and DIC may have facilitated RAA thrombosis, which is a rare finding. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of concomitant cardiac thrombosis as a complication of DIC in the context of M. morganii infection. This highlights the need among clinicians for an increased awareness about this pathogen and the complications of its infection.
Inflorescence size predicts host-symbiont conflict in monoecious fig-wasp mutualisms
Authors: Dunn Derek W , Jandér K Charlotte , Herre Edward Allen , Segar Simon T , Al-Beidh Sarah , Windsor Donald M , Cook James M 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In monoecious fig-wasp mutualisms (Ficus; ~350 spp.), tiny wasps obligately pollinate fig-tree inflorescences (‘figs’). Although pollination enables seed production wasp symbionts also oviposit into flowers, replacing potential seeds with wasp offspring. Consistently across Ficus, ~40-60% of developed flowers produce seeds. Although several processes are likely involved, a general explanation for why wasps do not exploit more flowers has been elusive. However, inter-specific scaling between host-symbiont reproductive traits suggests that as figs become larger across Ficus, the increase in wasp-eggs-per pollen-receptive fig will fail to match the increase in flower numbers. The potential for wasps to exploit hosts should thus decline due to an increasing excess of flowers. We tested these predictions, which were upheld, using data from 23 fig-wasp mutualisms from four continents. As fig size increases across Ficus, wasp egg-to-flower ratios, a measure of host-symbiont conflict-of-interest, declines, but the likelihood of a wasp egg successfully becoming an adult offspring increases. Host-symbiont conflict-of-interest thus varies systematically across Ficus due to variable relationships between key mutualist reproductive traits and fig size. We suggest that mutualism stability is more dependent upon mechanisms curtailing wasp flower exploitation in systems with small figs, and on preventing high foundress numbers in those with large figs.
Substitution load revisited: a high proportion of deaths can be selective
Authors: Matheson Joseph , Exposito-Alonso Moises , Masel Joanna 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Haldane’s Dilemma refers to the concern that the need for many “selective deaths” to complete a substitution (i.e. selective sweep) creates a speed limit to adaptation. However, discussion of this concern has been marked by confusion, especially with respect to the term “substitution load”. Here we distinguish different historical lines of reasoning, and identify one, focused on finite reproductive excess and the proportion of deaths that are “selective” (i.e. causally contribute to adaptive allele frequency changes), that has not yet been fully addressed. We develop this into a more general theoretical model that can apply to populations with any life history, even those for which a generation or even an individual are not well defined. The actual speed of adaptive evolution is coupled to the proportion of deaths that are selective. The degree to which reproductive excess enables a high proportion of selective deaths depends on the details of when selection takes place relative to density regulation, and there is therefore no general expression for a speed limit. To make these concepts concrete, we estimate both reproductive excess, and the proportion of deaths that are selective, from a dataset measuring survival of 517 different genotypes of Arabidopsis thaliana grown in eight different environmental conditions. In this dataset, a much higher proportion of deaths contribute to adaptation, in all environmental conditions, than the 10% cap that was anticipated as substantially restricting adaptation during historical discussions of speed limits.
Distribution of informal caregiving for older adults living with or at risk of cognitive decline within and beyond family in rural South Africa
Authors: Matina Sostina S , Manderson Lenore , Brear Michelle , Rusere Farirai , Gómez-Olivé F Xavier , Kahn Kathleen , Harling Guy 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Objectives
Aging populations will increasingly need care, much of this provided informally particularly in rural areas and in low and middle-income countries. In rural South Africa, formal support is severely limited, and adult children are frequently unavailable due to morbidity, early mortality, employment and migration. We describe how care is shared within and between households.

Methods
We conducted quantitative interviews with 1,012 household members and non-household caregivers of 106 older adults (age ≥54) living with or at risk of cognitive decline in rural Mpumalanga, South Africa. Using descriptive statistics and regression analysis, we described how care is shared, with particular attention to generational patterns of care.

Results
Spouses, the majority women, commonly considered themselves primary caregivers. informal care was spread among family, friends, and neighbors, most commonly by unemployed female relatives one or two generations younger than the recipient. A small number of paid caregivers, also mostly female, provided the most intensive care.

Discussion
Informal care for older adults was spread widely, predominantly from co-resident family but with important contributions from others. Family commitment to care reflected shared history, reciprocal relationships, and easy access to care tasks within the household. A deeper understanding of how informal care for older adults is shared is essential for developing targeted interventions.
Resilience Amidst Adversity: Experiences of Black Older Adults During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Boatswain-Kyte Alicia , Brotman Shari , Hanley Jill , DeJean Barbara 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background and objectives
The paucity of research and policy on the impact of COVID-19 on the experiences of Black older adults in Canada and around the world has intensified the enduring impacts of racism on their health and well-being. To bridge this gap, our study explored the mental health of Black older adults in Montreal during the early period of the pandemic.

Research design and methods
Using an Afro-emancipatory mixed-method research design, we collected and analyzed data from three sources: a survey, focus group interview with service providers from Black community organizations, and individual interviews with Black older adults.

Results
Our findings reveal that Black older adults struggled with mental health challenges, including loss, grief, and intergenerational tensions, and encountered systemic barriers in accessing services. Despite these adversities, participants demonstrated remarkable resilience, drawing upon their faith and community networks for support.

Discussion and implications
This study illuminates the complex experiences of Black older adults during the pandemic and underscores the imperative of addressing mental health and systemic barriers. Understanding ongoing challenges is crucial for developing targeted interventions and policies that promote long-term resilience and equitable healthcare for Black older adults.
Opportunities to Digitally Enable Falls Prevention in Older Adults
Authors: Gulline Hannah , Melder Angela , Barker Anna , Dickins Marissa , Smith Karen , Ayton Darshini 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Falls are a serious problem confronting older adults. Evidence demonstrates that multifactorial interventions that target multiple risk factors can reduce falls. However, resource and access constraints impact intervention uptake and sustainability. In comparison, digitally enabled interventions have the potential to provide greater support and convenience whilst being tailored to an individual. While digital advancements present an opportunity to improve access, scalability and sustainability, there is limited knowledge on how to digitally enable traditional interventions. In this article, we summarise the academic literature on digital falls prevention and propose future research directions for digital falls prevention. We examine barriers and enablers to digital falls prevention in aged care, although, given the scarcity of evidence, we draw on lessons from other digital healthcare innovations.
Exploring the cellular and molecular basis of murine cardiac development through spatiotemporal transcriptome sequencing
Authors: Kang Jingmin , Li Qingsong , Liu Jie , Du Lin , Liu Peng , Liu Fuyan , Wang Yue , Shen Xunan , Luo Xujiao , Wang Ninghe , Wu Renhua , Song Lei , Wang Jizheng , Liu Xin 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Spatial transcriptomics is a powerful tool that integrates molecular data with spatial information, thereby facilitating a deeper comprehension of tissue morphology and cellular interactions. In our study, we utilized cutting-edge spatial transcriptome sequencing technology to explore the development of the mouse heart and construct a comprehensive spatiotemporal cell atlas of early murine cardiac development.

Results
Through the analysis of this atlas, we elucidated the spatial organization of cardiac cellular lineages and their interactions during the developmental process. Notably, we observed dynamic changes in gene expression within fibroblasts and cardiomyocytes. Moreover, we identified critical genes, such as Igf2, H19, and Tcap, as well as transcription factors Tcf12 and Plagl1, which may be associated with the loss of myocardial regeneration ability during early heart development. In addition, we successfully identified marker genes, like Adamts8 and Bmp10, that can distinguish between the left and right atria.

Conclusion
Our study provides novel insights into murine cardiac development and offers a valuable resource for future investigations in the field of heart research, highlighting the significance of spatial transcriptomics in understanding the complex processes of organ development.
The 2020 Mw 6.4 Koryak Highlands earthquake illustrates hidden seismic hazards in the northern Pacific Cordillera
Authors: Salomon Guy , Nissen Edwin , Tan Fengzhou , Bergman Eric , Sloan Alastair , Pousse-Beltran Léa 
Published: January 2025

SUMMARY
On 2020 January 9, an Mw 6.4 earthquake struck the central Koryak Highlands of eastern Siberia, northeast of the diffuse triple junction between the North American, Pacific and Eurasian plates. The largest earthquake recorded in the central Koryak Highlands to date, it provides an excellent opportunity to study the little-known active tectonics of this remote, sparsely instrumented region. We mapped coherent, coseismic surface deformation with Sentinel 1 Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR), making this one of the highest latitude earthquakes to be captured successfully with satellite radar, in spite of the rugged, snow-covered terrain. Elastic dislocation modelling, teleseismic backprojections, calibrated hypocentral relocations and teleseismic moment tensor solutions are used to resolve a left-lateral fault trending northwestwards, proximal but perpendicular to a regional geological suture zone, the Khatyrka–Vyvenka Thrust. The earthquake probably ruptured unilaterally northwestwards along a 20 km long segment that appears indistinct in the local topography, and likely generated no surface rupture. We interpret that these observations are indicative of a structurally immature fault zone and estimate a seismogenic zone thickness of 10–15 km. The Koryak Highlands earthquake illustrates how terrane boundaries within cordilleran belts may continue to accommodate tectonic strain long after accretion, resulting in significant earthquakes even along hidden faults.