bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Storm tracks and cyclogenesis over the Southern Ocean: An overview with the HadGEM3‐GC3.1 model
Authors: de Souza Marcelo Rodrigues , Piva Everson Dal 
Published: October 2023

AbstractExtratropical cyclones play an important role in shaping the weather and climate over vast regions across the globe. To effectively understand and manage the impact of these meteorological events, it is crucial to explore deeper into their structure and behaviour. Here, we have evaluated the characteristics and spatial distribution of extratropical cyclones that had their genesis in the Southern Ocean (SO) in the present climate, based on data from the HadGEM3‐GC3.1‐MM (HG3) global model and the ERA5 reanalysis. Both in winter and summer, cyclone tracks are spatially structured, forming a belt around the entire Antarctic continent, with greater concentration in the SO sector adjacent to the southern Pacific Ocean. The regions of the Somov, Amundsen and Bellingshausen seas exhibited a higher track density of moderate and strong cyclones, indicating a correlation with the strongest baroclinicity in these areas. In both datasets, the maximum occurrence of cyclogenesis was located over the regions of the Somov Sea and the Antarctic Peninsula, making these regions very important in the general configuration of cyclones along the SO. Despite underestimating the total number of cyclones along the SO, the HG3 model showed a good ability to represent the main patterns of cyclonic activity around the Antarctic continent, as well as its average behaviour. Knowing the characteristics and the behaviour of extratropical cyclones in such an important area for global climate is essential for understanding their role in weather and future climate resulting from climate change.
Raman identification of pigments and opacifiers: Interest and limitation of multivariate analysis by comparison with solid state spectroscopical approach—II. Arsenic‐based opacifiers and relation with cobalt ores
Authors: Burlot Jacques , Vangu Divine , Bellot‐Gurlet Ludovic , Colomban Philippe 
Published: October 2023

AbstractRaman analysis is a noninvasive technique that can be conducted on‐site via a mobile system. However, the presence in variable quantity of different crystalline or amorphous phases (glassy matrix, opacifiers and pigments) in the enamel leads to the partial observation of Raman signatures, signatures often not being characterized in the literature. We study here the phases observed in the white, blue and yellow/green enamels of French and Chinese objects from the 18th century and compare the effectiveness of a solid‐state spectroscopic approach (identification of the parameters determining the vibrational modes in relation to the structures) and the multivariate chemometric approach (PCA and Hierarchical Clustering), carried out on the global or partial spectra, or on the parameters extracted from the first approach. The incorporation of the spectra of neighbouring or similar phases from the literature into the corpus of processed data, in particular those obtained for phases that are not initially structurally characterized, is decisive for the quality of the results. At least four different lead arsenates are identified. The combination of visual observation of the peaks and multivariate analysis shows that the shape, position and area of the band associated with the main As‐O stretching vibration around 820 cm−1 vary according to several criteria related to production techniques specific to certain workshops. The contribution of multivariate analysis based on spectra alone appears to be very limited compared to the examination of spectroscopic parameters.
Holocene climate change shifted Southern Ocean biogeochemical cycling and predator trophic dynamics
Authors: Michelson Chantel I. , Polito Michael J. , Wunder Michael B. , Emslie Steven D. , McCarthy Matthew D. , Patterson William P. , McMahon Kelton W. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractStudies of Antarctic paleo‐archives have produced conflicting hypotheses on the relative impact of long‐term climate change and historic exploitation of marine mammals on Southern Ocean krill predator foraging ecology. We disentangle these hypotheses using amino acid stable isotope analysis on a 7000‐yr Holocene archive of Adélie penguin (Pygoscelis adeliae) eggshells to differentiate variation in diet and trophic dynamics from baseline biogeochemical cycling as drivers of the rapid decline in krill predator bulk tissue δ15N values in recent centuries. Contrary to previous hypotheses suggesting solely trophic dynamic mechanisms as drivers of this decline, we identified an abrupt decline in source amino acid δ15N values, indicative of major changes in biogeochemical cycling at the base of the Southern Ocean food web that mirrored the decline in penguin bulk tissue δ15N values. These abrupt shifts in penguin δ15N values and associated biogeochemical cycling aligned with climatic events during the Little Ice Age that decreased surface δ15NNO3−, likely connected to a proposed increase in Ekman upwelling via a southward migration of the Westerlies. This baseline shift was in addition to a long‐term, gradual decline in penguin trophic position over the Holocene that began prior to both recent anthropogenic climate change and a proposed “krill‐surplus” following historic marine mammal exploitation in the 19th and 20th centuries. In resolving these outstanding hypotheses about drivers of Southern Ocean food web dynamics, this study emphasizes the fundamental importance of climate‐induced variability in biogeochemical cycling on ecological processes and improves the ability of paleo‐archives to inform the ecological consequences of future environmental change in the Southern Ocean.
Multimaterial Hydrogel 3D Printing
Authors: Imrie Patrick , Jin Jianyong 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn recent years, hydrogels have emerged as quintessential 3D printing materials. Coupled with their inherent printability, the unique mechanical properties, network structure, and biocompatibility of hydrogels make them ideal for a wide range of 3D printing applications. Also in recent years, the rise of multimaterial 3D printing, an additive manufacturing technology which involves at least two different materials in the fabrication process, has been witnessed. Advanced multimaterial 3D printing protocols have brought the field closer than ever before to a new industrial revolution. In this review, the use of hydrogels in multimaterial 3D printing is investigated. The review is sectioned by discussing three major multimaterial 3D printing methods: direct‐ink‐writing, vat‐switching, and coaxial extrusion. Subsections detail three common domains of multimaterial hydrogel 3D printing: bioprinting, 4D printing, and particle‐polymer composite printing. In the second part of the review, recent advancements in both multimaterial 3D printing hardware and hydrogel inks which are expected to steer the field in exciting new directions are explored. Finally, a case is made for coaxial extrusion and light‐responsive printers being the best choice for multimaterial hydrogel 3D printing in the long run, due to their gradient and greyscale printing capabilities.
Growth, distribution, and mortality of Light Dusky Rockfish and Harlequin Rockfish in the Aleutian Islands
Authors: TenBrink Todd T. , Gburski Christopher K. , Hutchinson Charles E. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Objective
Along the Aleutian Islands, Light Dusky Rockfish Sebastes variabilis and Harlequin Rockfish S. variegatus are two of the more abundant species within the “Other Rockfish” management complex of this region. Many Sebastes spp. are assessed in multispecies complexes due to a lack of basic biological information to inform management. In an effort to address data gaps, we investigated age, growth, and natural mortality for both species. The larger abundance of Light Dusky Rockfish allowed for an examination of distribution across different areas of the Aleutian Islands.

Methods
Otoliths from Light Dusky Rockfish and Harlequin Rockfish were used for age determination to describe growth parameters and subsequent maximum ages used for calculating rates of natural mortality from a mean of updated age-based estimators. Generalized linear models were developed to describe the depth distribution of Light Dusky Rockfish.

Result
Ages ranged from 3 to 79 years for Harlequin Rockfish and 3 to 70 years for Light Dusky Rockfish. Maximum ages were corroborated by multiple analyses providing estimates for natural mortality (Light Dusky Rockfish = 0.084; Harlequin Rockfish = 0.075). The von Bertalanffy growth model for Harlequin Rockfish indicated sex-specific differences, with females attaining larger maximum sizes and a lower growth coefficient. Light Dusky Rockfish showed no differences in growth by area or sex. Length distributions among areas for each species were different. Light Dusky Rockfish tended to occur in deeper water in the central and western areas of the Aleutian Islands. The presence of Light Dusky Rockfish in deeper water is influenced, through the effect in terms of odd ratios, by maturity status and area and is variable by year.

Conclusion
These results contribute to our understanding of the management and biology of Sebastes spp. within their complex, but additional investigations are needed, especially with how traits may differ within and between regions.
Outcomes of Unilateral Pallidotomy in Focal and Hemidystonia Cases: A Single‐Blind Cohort Study
Authors: Doshi Paresh K. , Baldia Manish , Mulroy Eoin , Krauss Joachim K. , Bhatia Kailash 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe role of deep brain stimulation in the treatment of dystonia has been widely documented. However, there is limited literature on the outcome of lesioning surgery in unilateral dystonia.ObjectiveWe restrospectively reviewed our cases of focal and hemidystonia undergoing unilateral Pallidotomy at our institute to evaluate the short‐term and long‐term outcome.MethodsPatients who underwent radiofrequency lesioning of GPi for unilateral dystonia between 1999 and 2019 were retrospectively reviewed. All patients were evaluated using the Burke–Fahn–Marsden Dystonia Rating Scale (BFMDRS) and Dystonia Disability Scale (DDS) preoperatively at the short term follow‐up (<1 year) and at long‐term follow‐up (2–7.5 years). Video recordings performed at these time points were independently reviewed by a blinded movement disorders specialist.ResultsEleven patients were included for analysis. The preoperative, short‐term, and long‐term follow‐up motor BFMDRS and DDS scores were 15.5 (IQR [interquartile range]: 10.5, 23.75) and 10.5 (IQR: 6.0, 14.5); 3.0 (IQR: 1.0, 6.0, P = 0.02) and 3.0 (IQR: 3.0, 8.0, P = 0.016); and 14.25 (IQR: 4.0, 20.0, P = 0.20) and 10.5 (IQR: 2.0, 15.0, P = 0.71) respectively. For observers B, the BFMDRS scores at the same time points were 19 (IQR: 12.5, 27.0), 7.5 (IQR: 6.0, 15.0, P = 0.002), and 21 (IQR: 7.0, 22.0, P = 0.65) respectively. The improvement was statistically significant for all observations at short‐term follow‐up but not at long‐term follow‐up.ConclusionPallidotomy is effective for hemidystonia or focal dystonia in the short term. Continued benefit was seen in the longer term in some patients, whereas others worsened. Larger studies may be able to explain this in future.
Corporate value, price and dividend policy: A case study of U.S. listed firms
Authors: Boďa Martin , Jeřábek Radoslav 
Published: October 2023

AbstractFocussed upon the U.S. stock market, the paper investigates the role of dividend policy, its level and (in)stability in generation of relative corporate value and relative stock price. Whilst relative corporate value is proxied by Tobin's q and relative stock price is operationalised by the four most frequent multiples (P/E, P/B, P/S and P/FCF), the dividend policy is represented by three popular metrics measuring the propensity to pay dividends. Controlling for operating and macroeconomic conditions, panel data techniques in a simultaneous equations framework are employed to 115,837 quarterly observations for 1466 firms represented in the S&P 1500 Composite Index over the period 1989–2022. The findings reveal that dividend policy matters, albeit the response of Tobin's and multiples to dividend policy is asymmetric. In particular, corporate value of U.S. firms is found to increase with per‐share dividend amounts but decreases relative to the dividend payout ratio and yield. The established empirical evidence reaffirms claims against dividend neutrality and is useful in developing pre‐selection investing strategies that relate practices in dividend policy to fundamental screening based on multiples.
Proton dosimetry in a magnetic field: Measurement and calculation of magnetic field correction factors for a plane‐parallel ionization chamber
Authors: Gebauer Benjamin , Baumann Kilian‐Simon , Fuchs Hermann , Georg Dietmar , Oborn Brad M. , Looe Hui‐Khee , Lühr Armin 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe combination of magnetic resonance imaging and proton therapy offers the potential to improve cancer treatment. The magnetic field (MF)‐dependent change in the dosage of ionization chambers in magnetic resonance imaging‐integrated proton therapy (MRiPT) is considered by the correction factor , which needs to be determined experimentally or computed via Monte Carlo (MC) simulations.PurposeIn this study, was both measured and simulated with high accuracy for a plane‐parallel ionization chamber at different clinical relevant proton energies and MF strengths.Material and methodsThe dose‐response of the Advanced Markus chamber (TM34045, PTW, Freiburg, Germany) irradiated with homogeneous 10 10 cm quasi mono‐energetic fields, using 103.3, 128.4, 153.1, 223.1, and 252.7 MeV proton beams was measured in a water phantom placed in the MF of an electromagnet with MF strengths of 0.32, 0.5, and 1 T. The detector was positioned at a depth of 2 g/cm in water, with chamber electrodes parallel to the MF lines and perpendicular to the proton beam incidence direction. The measurements were compared with TOPAS MC simulations utilizing COMSOL‐calculated 0.32, 0.5, and 1 T MF maps of the electromagnet. was calculated for the measurements for all energies and MF strengths based on the equation: , where and were the temperature and air‐pressure corrected detector readings with and without the MF, respectively. MC‐based correction factors were determined as , where and were the doses deposited in the air cavity of the ionization chamber model with and without the MF, respectively. Furthermore, MF effects on the chamber dosimetry are studied using MC simulations, examining the impact on the absorbed dose‐to‐water () and the shift in depth of the Bragg peak.ResultsThe detector showed a reduced dose‐response for all measured energies and MF strengths, resulting in experimentally determined values larger than unity. For all energies and MF strengths examined, ranged between 1.0065 and 1.0205. The dependence on the energy and the MF strength was found to be non‐linear with a maximum at 1 T and 252.7 MeV. The MC simulated values agreed with the experimentally determined correction factors within their standard deviations with a maximum difference of 0.6%. The MC calculated impact on was smaller 0.2 %.ConclusionFor the first time, measurements and simulations were compared for proton dosimetry within MFs using an Advanced Markus chamber. Good agreement of was found between experimentally determined and MC calculated values. The performed benchmarking of the MC code allows for calculating for various ionization chamber models, MF strengths and proton energies to generate the data needed for a proton dosimetry protocol within MFs and is, therefore, a step towards MRiPT.
GABA, glutamatergic dynamics and BOLD contrast assessed concurrently using functional MRS during a cognitive task
Authors: Craven Alexander R. , Dwyer Gerard , Ersland Lars , Kazimierczak Katarzyna , Noeske Ralph , Sandøy Lydia Brunvoll , Johnsen Erik , Hugdahl Kenneth 
Published: October 2023

AbstractA recurring issue in functional neuroimaging is how to link task‐driven haemodynamic blood oxygen level dependent functional MRI (BOLD‐fMRI) responses to underlying neurochemistry at the synaptic level. Glutamate and γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA), the major excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters respectively, are typically measured with MRS sequences separately from fMRI, in the absence of a task. The present study aims to resolve this disconnect, developing acquisition and processing techniques to simultaneously assess GABA, glutamate and glutamine (Glx) and BOLD in relation to a cognitive task, at 3 T. Healthy subjects (N = 81) performed a cognitive task (Eriksen flanker), which was presented visually in a task‐OFF, task‐ON block design, with individual event onset timing jittered with respect to the MRS readout. fMRS data were acquired from the medial anterior cingulate cortex during task performance, using an adapted MEGA‐PRESS implementation incorporating unsuppressed water‐reference signals at a regular interval. These allowed for continuous assessment of BOLD activation, through T2*‐related changes in water linewidth. BOLD‐fMRI data were additionally acquired. A novel linear model was used to extract modelled metabolite spectra associated with discrete functional stimuli, building on well established processing and quantification tools. Behavioural outcomes from the flanker task, and activation patterns from the BOLD‐fMRI sequence, were as expected from the literature. BOLD response assessed through fMRS showed a significant correlation with fMRI, specific to the fMRS‐targeted region of interest; fMRS‐assessed BOLD additionally correlated with lengthening of response time in the incongruent flanker condition. While no significant task‐related changes were observed for GABA+, a significant increase in measured Glx levels (~8.8%) was found between task‐OFF and task‐ON periods. These findings verify the efficacy of our protocol and analysis pipelines for the simultaneous assessment of metabolite dynamics and BOLD. As well as establishing a robust basis for further work using these techniques, we also identify a number of clear directions for further refinement in future studies.
Association of worker's mental health with changes in exercise time, going‐out time, and screen time (TV time, internet time, and game time) before and after the COVID‐19 pandemic: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Okawa Yutaro , Iwasaki Shinichi , Deguchi Yasuhiko , Nakamichi Yoko , Uesaka Yuki , Okura Shohei , Maekubo Kunio , Inoue Koki 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic and government regulations have affected the daily lives and mental health of individuals worldwide. This study aimed to determine how much the change in time spent on exercise (exercise time), outdoor activities (“going‐out” time), and screen usage (screen time) before and after the COVID‐19 pandemic has affected mental health (depression, anxiety, and insomnia). In June 2021, during the third wave of the COVID‐19 pandemic, a web‐based, cross‐sectional survey was conducted in Japan through an online research company. A total of 824 workers participated in this study. Depression, anxiety, and insomnia were assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire‐9, General Anxiety Disorder‐7, and Insomnia Severity Index, respectively. The symptoms of depression were associated with age and decreased exercise time. Symptoms of anxiety were associated with not decreased going‐out time. Symptoms of insomnia were associated with reduced exercise time. The results indicated that during the COVID‐19 pandemic, an increase in exercise time could have prevented depression and insomnia. Similarly, a decrease in going‐out time could have prevented anxiety. Furthermore, in the event of future outbreaks of unpredictable infections, such as COVID‐19, decreased going out and increased exercise may help maintain mental health.
Large eddy simulation of the flow over a canopy with spanwise patches
Authors: Löhrer Bastian , Fröhlich Jochen 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn the present contribution, a numerical simulation of the flow over idealized aquatic canopy patches is presented. These patches consist of flexible blades interacting with the surrounding flow. The physical parameters governing the flow, the characteristics of the blades and their positioning within the vegetation patches are identical to a previously studied homogeneous scenario where the monami phenomenon occurs. A recently developed own numerical method capable of representing such a situation is used to generate high resolution data for the turbulent flow and the motion of the individual structures. Analysis is carried out in comparison with the homogeneous reference case. It is found that the clearance between the patches introduces substantial streamwise variation in the statistical quantities of this turbulent flow.
Immobilization of nanodiamonds onto cotton fabric through polyurethane nanofibrous coatings for summer clothing
Authors: Rehman Aisha , Houshyar Shadi , Mirabedini Azadeh , Michielsen Stephen , Wang Xin 
Published: October 2023

AbstractGlobal warming is one of the alarming issues, which is impacting humans globally. It is preferred to adopt a lifestyle that promotes heat dissipation from the human body. One approach to cool a human body is improvement in personal apparel, which can help the human body to cool quickly. The required characteristic for cooling performance can be achieved by employing materials with excellent thermal conductivity. Nanodiamonds (ND) have exceptional thermal conductivity properties and can help overcome the poor thermal conductivity of fabrics. This manuscript presents a study on a one‐sided coated fabric where NDs are applied to the skin side of the fabric to promote heat dissipation toward the atmosphere while the other side of the fabric, exposed to the hot atmosphere, remains uncoated to delay the transfer of out from atmosphere to human body. ND was applied onto cotton fabric through electrospraying polyurethane (PU) and carboxylated ND (NDCOOH). Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and optical microscopy images indicated a homogeneous distribution of the sprayed ND/PU solution over the fabric surface. The samples were chemically analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The thermal resistance was measured by a sweating guarded hot plate (SGHP), which confirmed lower thermal resistance of fabric from the ND‐coated side to atmosphere as compared to control, and thermal resistance from the uncoated to atmosphere was the same for both controlled and treated samples. Similarly, thermal conductivity, radiant heat transfer, and infrared spectroscopy characterizations strengthened the findings of SGHP results. Real‐life simulated experiments were also conducted to verify the performance of developed samples. The electrosprayed samples also showed higher ultraviolet protection than the control sample. Air permeability and moisture absorption of the samples slightly decreased after applying the coating but remained within an acceptable range of comfortability. The developed fabric can promote energy conservation, as it will warm slowly but cool quickly. This allows home or office temperature setpoints for localized cooling to be 2–3°C lower with a projected energy savings between 20% and 30%.