bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of neighborhood-level socioeconomic deprivation and individual socioeconomic position on risk of developing type 2 diabetes in older men: a longitudinal analysis in the British Regional Heart Study cohort
Authors: Bush Kathryn J , Papacosta A Olia , Lennon Lucy T , Rankin Judith , Whincup Peter H , Wannamethee S Goya , Ramsay Sheena E 
Published: October 2023

IntroductionEvidence from longitudinal studies on the influence of neighborhood socioeconomic deprivation in older age on the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is limited. This study investigates the prospective associations of neighborhood-level deprivation and individual socioeconomic position (SEP) with T2DM incidence in older age.Research design and methodsThe British Regional Heart Study studied 4252 men aged 60–79 years in 1998–2000. Neighborhood-level deprivation was based on the Index of Multiple Deprivation quintiles for participants’ 1998–2000 residential postcode. Individual SEP was defined as social class based on longest-held occupation. A cumulative score of individual socioeconomic factors was derived. Incident T2DM cases were ascertained from primary care records; prevalent cases were excluded. Cox proportional hazard models were used to examine the associations.ResultsAmong 3706 men, 368 incident cases of T2DM were observed over 18 years. The age-adjusted T2DM risk increased from the least deprived quintile to the most deprived: HR per quintile increase 1.14 (95% CI 1.06 to 1.23) (p=0.0005). The age-adjusted T2DM HR in social class V (lowest) versus social class I (highest) was 2.45 (95% CI 1.36 to 4.42) (p=0.001). Both associations attenuated but remained significant on adjustment for other deprivation measures, becoming non-significant on adjustment for body mass index and T2DM family history. T2DM risk increased with cumulative individual adverse socioeconomic factors: HR per point increase 1.14 (95% CI 1.05 to 1.24).ConclusionsInequalities in T2DM risk persist in later life, both in relation to neighborhood-level and individual-level socioeconomic factors. Underlying modifiable risk factors continue to need to be addressed in deprived older age populations to reduce disease burden.
School-based Evaluation Advancing Response for Child Health (SEARCH): a mixed longitudinal cohort study from multifaceted perspectives in Jiangsu, China
Authors: Zhang Ran , Wang Yang , Womer Fay , Yang Wenyi , Wang Xin , Xu Xiao , Su Zhao , Wang Lifei , Zhou Jingshuai , Qin Shisen , Zhou Keyin , Liu Fengyi , Zhang Xiyan , Lin Yuan , Zhang Xizhe , Yang Jie , Wang Fei 
Published: October 2023

BackgroundSchools play a crucial role in providing mental health services to children and adolescents. However, the vastness of the student population and mental health workforce shortage in China severely limit the capacity for adequate care access and delivery.ObjectiveWe propose a large, mixed longitudinal cohort study, ‘School-based Evaluation Advancing Response for Child Health (SEARCH)’, aimed at addressing the increasing demand from individuals seeking access to mental healthcare services.MethodsSEARCH uses a digital platform and school-based protocol for comprehensive assessment of the mental well-being of Chinese students in grades 4–12 incorporating individual, caregiver and teacher input, including capture of facial and acoustic features and response times, as well as mental well-being assessments.FindingsWe completed first wave data collection from nearly 20 000 participants (students, caregivers and teachers) at 11 schools, grades 4–12, in 3 cities in Jiangsu province in Southeast China from September 2022 to February 2023. We intend to conduct follow-up assessments for grades 4 through 12 at the 11 school sites every 6 months for 5 years.ConclusionsSEARCH will provide important insight into the developmental trajectory of mental well-being in Chinese children and adolescents. The study protocol does not simply focus on student self-report and incorporates caregiver and teacher viewpoints as well. It also collects objective indicators that may facilitate development of screening tools.Clinical implicationsWe believe future study findings will guide the development and implementation of school-based mental healthcare initiatives to improve the well-being of children and adolescents.
TILE pilot trial study protocol: Tinzaparin Lead-in to Prevent the Post-Thrombotic syndrome study protocol
Authors: Makedonov Ilia , Kahn Susan , Abdulrehman Jameel , Schulman Sam , Delluc Aurelien , Gross Peter L , Galanaud Jean-Philippe 
Published: October 2023

IntroductionThe post-thrombotic syndrome (PTS) is a form of chronic venous insufficiency due to a prior ipsilateral deep venous thrombosis (DVT). This is a frequent complication that develops in 20%–50% of patients after a proximal DVT and is associated with significant healthcare, economic and societal consequences. In the absence of effective and well-tolerated treatment options for established PTS, effective preventative measures are needed. Anticoagulation itself reduces the risk of PTS, and low-molecular-weight heparin may reduce this further through anti-inflammatory properties targeting the initial acute inflammatory phase of DVT.Methods and analysisThe Tinzaparin Lead-In to Prevent the Post-Thrombotic syndrome pilot trial is an investigator-initiated, multicentre, open-label assessor-blinded trial that will randomise patients with first acute symptomatic common femoral or iliac DVT to receive either a 3-week lead-in course of tinzaparin, followed by rivaroxaban (experimental arm) or rivaroxaban alone (control arm). Its primary objectives are to assess: (1) proportion of PTS at 6 months using the Villalta scale and (2) study feasibility, which consists of (a) the proportion of screened patients eligible for the study, (2) the proportion of eligible patients recruited and (c) the proportion of recruited patients adherent to treatment (defined as at least 80% of drug taken). This study will determine the feasibility of a subsequent larger definitive trial. Secondary outcomes include change of quality of life scores, PTS severity, global improvement, patient satisfaction, bleeding, recurrent venous thromboembolism, leg pain, death and lost to follow-up. Target recruitment will be a total of 60 participants, recruited at 5–6 centres.Ethics and disseminationPrimary ethics approval was received from the Sunnybrook Health Sciences Center Research Ethics Board (approval ID 3315). Results of the study will be disseminated via peer-reviewed presentation at scientific conferences and open access publication.Trial registration numberNCT04794569.
Effect of π-extension and halogenation on the optical limiting properties of meso-pyrenylBODIPYdyes
Authors: Kubheka Gugu , Mack John , Nyokong Tebello 
Published: October 2023

The lack of suitable optical limiters that cover the entire UV-visible-NIR region has motivated research to identify novel efficient and stable optical limiting materials. There has been a strong focus on attenuating the second harmonic of Nd:YAG pulsed lasers at 532 nm on the nanosecond timescale. The photophysicochemical processes of a series of mono- and di-(4-dimethylamino)styryl-meso-pyrenylBODIPY and mono- and di-(4-dimethylamino)buta-1,3-dienyl-meso-pyrenylBODIPY dyes were studied by UV-visible absorption and fluorescence emission spectroscopy, and by determining the fluorescence and triplet state lifetimes. Z-scan measurements were carried out at a fixed concentration of 10 [Formula: see text]M so that the effective nonlinear coefficients, third-order susceptibilities, second-order hyperpolarizabilities and limiting fluences of the dyes can be compared and trends in the structure-property relationships for these optical limiting parameters can be identified.
Managing Small Joint Septic Arthritis of the Hand
Authors: ADEBOYE Teniola , GIWA Lolade , JEMEC Barbara 
Published: October 2023

Background: Current guidance for the management of septic arthritis is limited to large joints and, therefore, unspecific to the small joints of the hand, which may present differently, require different diagnostic approaches, and have different complications. The aim of this article was to review current treatment trends for the management of small joint septic arthritis (SJSA) of the hand and offer guidelines for its management. Methods: A systematic review was carried out according to PRISMA guidelines and a survey distributed to Fellows of the British Society for Surgery of the Hand to establish expert opinion. The review and survey were combined to present a set of specific SJSA of the hand infection guidelines. Results: All 20 included studies recommended physical drainage of infected joint fluid; subsequent lavage and early antibiotic therapy, with physiotherapist-guided joint mobilisation. Statistical analysis of the 77 responses to our survey revealed that (in order of preference) the diagnosis was made by history and examination, blood tests, joint aspiration and vital signs; and for interventions: joint elevation and intravenous antibiotics; then joint washout repeated within 48 hours, if necessary. Conclusions: Small joint infection differs from large joint infection because it is difficult to obtain joint aspirate without damaging or opening the joint. We, therefore, recommend utilising exclusion blood tests, imaging and the clinical picture to establish the diagnosis and implement early treatment and rehabilitation. Level of Evidence: Level III
Fine-Tuning Adjuvant Endocrine Therapy for Early-Stage Breast Cancer: An Expert Consensus on Open Issues for Future Research
Authors: Conforti Fabio , Pala Laura , De Pas Tommaso , Zattarin Emma , Catania Chiara , Cocorocchio Emilia , Rossi Giovanna , Laszlo Daniele , Colleoni Marco , Zambelli Alberto , Hortobagyi Gabriel N. , Cortes Javier , Piccart Martine J. , Dowsett Mitch , Gelber Richard D. , Viale Giuseppe 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
After decades of research, improving the efficacy of adjuvant endocrine therapy (ET) for early-stage breast cancer becomes increasingly difficult. Beyond technological breakthroughs and the availability of new classes of drugs, further improvement of adjuvant ET will require applying a rigorous research approach in poorly investigated areas. We critically discuss some key principles that should inform future research to improve ET efficacy, including identifying specific subgroups of patients who can benefit from escalating or de-escalating approaches, optimizing available and new treatment strategies for different clinical contexts, and dissecting the direct and indirect biological effects of therapeutic interventions. Four main issues regarding adjuvant ET were identified as relevant areas, where a better application of such principles can provide positive results in the near future: (i) tailoring the optimal duration of adjuvant ET, (ii) optimizing ovarian function suppression for premenopausal women, (iii) dissecting the biological effects of estrogen receptor manipulation, and (iv) refining the selection of patients to candidate for treatments escalation.
Biomarkers of Pathologic Complete Response to Neoadjuvant Immunotherapy in Mismatch Repair–Deficient Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Li Jianxia , Hu Huabin , Qin Ge , Bai Fan , Wu Xianrui , Ke Haoxian , Zhang Jianwei , Xie Yuqian , Wu Zehua , Fu Yang , Zheng Hongbo , Gong Longlong , Xie Zhi , Deng Yanhong 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Purpose:
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have become the standard of care for patients with mismatch repair-deficient/microsatellite instability-high (dMMR/MSI-H) colorectal cancer. However, biomarkers of response to ICI are still lacking.

Experimental Design:
Forty-two patients with dMMR colorectal cancer treated with neoadjuvant PD-1 blockade were prospectively enrolled. To identify biomarkers of pathologic complete response (pCR) to neoadjuvant therapy, we analyzed genomic and transcriptomic profiles based on next-generation sequencing, and immune cell density based on multiplex immunofluorescence (mIF) staining. An integrated analysis of single-cell RNA sequencing from our previous study and GSE178341, as well as mIF was performed to further explore the significance of the tumor microenvironment (TME) on pCR response.

Results:
The tumor mutation burden of both tumor tissue and plasma blood samples was comparable between the pCR and non-pCR groups, while HLA-DQA1 and HLA-DQB1 were significantly overexpressed in the pCR group. Gene signature enrichment analysis showed that pathways including T-cell receptor pathway, antigen presentation pathway were significantly enriched in the pCR group. In addition, higher pre-existing CD8+ T-cell density was associated with pCR response (767.47 per.mm2 vs. 326.64 per.mm2, P = 0.013 Wilcoxon test). Further integrated analysis showed that CD8+ T cells with low PD-1 expression (PD-1lo CD8+ T cells) expressing high levels of TRGC2, CD160, and KLRB1 and low levels of proliferated and exhausted genes were significantly associated with pCR response.

Conclusions:
Immune-associated transcriptomic features, particularly CD8+ T cells were associated with pCR response to ICI in dMMR colorectal cancer. Heterogeneity of TME within dMMR colorectal cancer may help to discriminate patients with complete response to neoadjuvant ICI.
ChaMP-CMD: A Phenotype-Blinded, Randomized Controlled, Cross-Over Trial
Authors: Sinha Aish , Rahman Haseeb , Douiri Abdel , Demir Ozan M. , De Silva Kalpa , Clapp Brian , Webb Ian , Gulati Ankur , Pinho Pedro , Dutta Utkarsh , Ellis Howard , Shah Ajay M. , Chiribiri Amedeo , Marber Michael , Webb Andrew J. , Perera Divaka 
Published: October 2023

BACKGROUND:
Angina with nonobstructive coronary arteries is a common condition for which no effective treatment has been established. We hypothesized that the measurement of coronary flow reserve (CFR) allows identification of patients with angina with nonobstructive coronary arteries who would benefit from anti-ischemic therapy.

METHODS:
Patients with angina with nonobstructive coronary arteries underwent blinded invasive CFR measurement and were randomly assigned to receive 4 weeks of amlodipine or ranolazine. After a 1-week washout, they crossed over to the other drug for 4 weeks; final assessment was after the cessation of study medication for another 4 weeks. The primary outcome was change in treadmill exercise time, and the secondary outcome was change in Seattle Angina Questionnaire summary score in response to anti-ischemic therapy. Analysis was on a per protocol basis according to the following classification: coronary microvascular disease (CMD group) if CFR<2.5 and reference group if CFR≥2.5. The study protocol was registered before the first patient was enrolled (International Standard Randomised Controlled Trial Number: ISRCTN94728379).

RESULTS:

Eighty-seven patients (61±8 years of age; 62% women) underwent random assignment (57 CMD group and 30 reference group). Baseline exercise time and Seattle Angina Questionnaire summary scores were similar between groups. The CMD group had a greater increment (delta) in exercise time than the reference group in response to both amlodipine (difference in delta, 82 s [95% CI, 37–126 s];
P
<0.001) and ranolazine (difference in delta, 68 s [95% CI, 21–115 s];
P
=0.005). The CMD group reported a greater increment (delta) in Seattle Angina Questionnaire summary score than the reference group in response to ranolazine (difference in delta, 7 points [95% CI, 0–15];
P
=0.048), but not to amlodipine (difference in delta, 2 points [95% CI, –5 to 8];
P
=0.549).

CONCLUSIONS:
Among phenotypically similar patients with angina with nonobstructive coronary arteries, only those with an impaired CFR derive benefit from anti-ischemic therapy. These findings support measurement of CFR to diagnose and guide management of this otherwise heterogeneous patient group.
A 7T interleaved fMRS and fMRI study on visual contrast dependency in the human brain
Authors: Schrantee Anouk , Najac Chloe , Jungerius Chris , van der Zwaag Wietske , Jbabdi Saad , Clarke William T. , Ronen Itamar 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Introduction: Functional magnetic resonance spectroscopy (fMRS) is a non-invasive technique for measuring dynamic changes in neurometabolites. While previous studies have observed concentration changes in metabolites during neural activation, the relationship between neurometabolite response and stimulus intensity and timing requires further investigation. To address this, we conducted an interleaved fMRS and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) experiment using a visual stimulus with varying contrast levels.
Methods: A total of 20 datasets were acquired on a 7T MRI scanner. The visual task consisted of two STIM blocks (30 s/20 s ON/OFF, 4 min), with 10% or 100% contrast, interleaved with a 5 min REST block. A dynamic fitting approach was used for fMRS data analysis. For metabolite level changes, the STIM conditions were modeled in two different ways: either considering the full STIM block as active condition (full-block model) or only modeling the ON blocks as active condition (sub-block model). For linewidth changes due to the BOLD effect, STIM conditions were modeled using the sub-block model.
Results: For both models, we observed significant increases in glutamate levels for both the 10% and 100% visual contrasts, but no significant difference between the contrasts. Decreases in aspartate, and glucose, and increases in total N-acetylaspartate and total creatine were also detected, although less consistently across both 10% and 100% visual contrasts. BOLD-driven linewidth decreases and fMRI-derived BOLD increases within the MRS voxel were observed at both 10% and 100% contrasts, with larger changes at 100% compared to 10% in the fMRI-derived BOLD only. We observed a non-linear relation between visual contrast, the BOLD response, and the glutamate response.
Conclusion: Our study highlights the potential of fMRS as a complementary technique to BOLD fMRI for investigating the complex interplay between visual contrast, neural activity, and neurometabolism. Future studies should further explore the temporal response profiles of different neurometabolites and refine the statistical models used for fMRS analysis.
Number Agreement Attraction in Czech Comprehension: Negligible Facilitation Effects
Authors: Chromý Jan , Lacina Radim , Dotlačil Jakub 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Number agreement attraction in comprehension has been extensively studied in various languages and it has been claimed that attraction effects are generally present across languages. In this paper, four experiments on Czech are presented, each examining a different structure. The Bayesian hierarchical models and Bayes factor analysis pointed towards no agreement attraction effects in three of the experiments. Only in one experiment an effect interpretable as signaling agreement attraction was observed. Its size, however, was so small that it did not translate into a clear preference for models with agreement attraction. The data from the four experiments were further compared to available data from several other languages (English, Armenian, Arabic, and Spanish). The emerging picture is that in Czech, agreement attraction effects are negligible in size if they appear at all. This presents a serious challenge to current theoretical explanations of agreement attraction effects.
The Legal Framework for Artificial Energy Islands in the Northern Seas
Authors: Nieuwenhout Ceciel , Andreasson Liv Malin 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Belgium, Denmark and the Netherlands have announced their interest in constructing artificial ‘energy islands’ to enable the integration of large-scale offshore wind energy into the energy system. This raises several legal questions, such as how do these developments fit in the balance of interests required by the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, what European Union law is applicable to artificial islands and how Belgium, Denmark and the Netherlands approach the construction of artificial islands. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the applicable legal framework and shows the variety of approaches and strategic choices States may have when developing energy islands.
Joint Contributions of Auditory, Proprioceptive and Visual Cues on Human Balance
Authors: Teaford Max , Mularczyk Zachary J. , Gernon Alannah , Cannon Shauntelle , Kobel Megan , Merfeld Daniel M. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
One’s ability to maintain their center of mass within their base of support (i.e., balance) is believed to be the result of multisensory integration. Much of the research in this literature has focused on integration of visual, vestibular, and proprioceptive cues. However, several recent studies have found evidence that auditory cues can impact balance control metrics. In the present study, we sought to better characterize the impact of auditory cues on narrow stance balance task performance with different combinations of visual stimuli (virtual and real world) and support surfaces (firm and compliant). In line with past results, we found that reducing the reliability of proprioceptive cues and visual cues yielded consistent increases in center-of-pressure (CoP) sway metrics, indicating more imbalance. Masking ambient auditory cues with broadband noise led to less consistent findings; however, when effects were observed they were substantially smaller for auditory cues than for proprioceptive and visual cues — and in the opposite direction (i.e., masking ambient auditory cues with broadband noise reduced sway in some situations). Additionally, trials that used virtual and real-world visual stimuli did not differ unless participants were standing on a surface that disrupted proprioceptive cues; disruption of proprioception led to increased CoP sway metrics in the virtual visual condition. This is the first manuscript to report the effect size of different perturbations in this context, and the first to study the impact of acoustically complex environments on balance in comparison to visual and proprioceptive contributions. Future research is needed to better characterize the impact of different acoustic environments on balance.
Evolution of Meridional Heat Transport by Subtropical Western Boundary Currents in a Warming Climate Predicted by High-Resolution Models
Authors: Cai Jinzhuo , Yang Haiyuan , Gan Bolan , Wang Hong , Chen Zhaohui , Wu Lixin 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Subtropical western boundary currents (WBCs) are among the most energetic currents in the global circulation system and play an important role in the oceanic meridional heat transport (OHT). Based on nine high-resolution global coupled climate models, this study investigates the change of OHT by subtropical WBCs (WHT) under global warming. We found that WHT in both hemispheres depicts a weakening trend during 1950–2050, primarily caused by the transport change of WBCs. In the Northern Hemisphere, weakening of the Gulf Stream resulting from the slowing AMOC leads to the hemispheric WHT weakening. In the Southern Hemisphere, the WHT decrease is mainly induced by the sharp decline of Agulhas Current transport, associated with the change in wind field in the southern Indian Ocean and Indonesian Throughflow. Compared to the mean flow, the contribution of mesoscale eddies to OHT change is negligible along with WBCs but is important in their extension regions.