bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multiwavelength observations of the lensed quasar PKS 1830-211 during the 2019 γ-ray flare
Authors: Vercellone S , Donnarumma I , Pittori C , Capitanio F , De Rosa A , Di Gesu L , Kiehlmann S , Iacolina M N , Pellizzoni P A , Egron E , Pacciani L , Piano G , Puccetti S , Righini S , Valente G , Verrecchia F , Vittorini V , Tavani M , Brocato E , Chen A W , Hovatta T , Melis A , Max-Moerbeck W , Perrodin D , Pilia M , Pili M , Readhead A C S , Reeves R , Ridolfi A , Vitali F , Bulgarelli A , Cattaneo P W , Lucarelli F , Morselli A , Trois A 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT
PKS 1830 -211 is a γ-ray emitting, high-redshift (z =2.507 ± 0.002), lensed flat-spectrum radio quasar. During the period 2019 mid-February to mid-April, this source underwent a series of strong γ-ray flares that were detected by both AGILE-GRID (Gamma-Ray Imaging Detector) and Fermi Large Area Telescope (Fermi-LAT), reaching a maximum γ-ray flux of $F_{\rm E\gt 100\, MeV}\approx 2.3\times 10^{-5}$ photons cm−2 s−1. Here, we report on a coordinated campaign from both on-ground [Medicina, Owens Valley Radio Observatory (OVRO), Rapid Eye Mount (REM), and Sardinia Radio Telescope (SRT)] and orbiting facilities (AGILE, Fermi, INTEGRAL, NuSTAR, Swift, and Chandra), with the aim of investigating the multiwavelength properties of PKS 1830-211 through nearly simultaneous observations presented here for the first time. We find a possible break in the radio spectra in different epochs above 15 GHz, and a clear maximum of the 15 GHz data approximately 110 d after the γ-ray main activity periods. The spectral energy distribution shows a very pronounced Compton dominance (&gt; 200) which challenges the canonical one-component emission model. Therefore, we propose that the cooled electrons of the first component are re-accelerated to a second component by, for example, kink or tearing instability during the γ-ray flaring periods. We also note that PKS 1830-211 could be a promising candidate for future observations with both Compton satellites [e.g. enhanced ASTROGAM (e-ASTROGAM)] and Cherenkov arrays [Cherenkov Telescope Array Observatory (CTAO)] which will help, thanks to their improved sensitivity, in extending the data availability in energy bands currently uncovered.
Climate change and infectious disease surveillance in Nepal: qualitative study exploring social, cultural, political and institutional factors influencing disease surveillance
Authors: Bhandari Dinesh , Bi Peng , Sherchand Jeevan Bahadur , von Ehrenstein Ondine S , Lokmic-Tomkins Zerina , Dhimal Meghnath , Hanson-Easey Scott 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background
To explore the impacts of contextual issues encompassing social, cultural, political and institutional elements, on the operation of public health surveillance systems in Nepal concerning the monitoring of infectious diseases in the face of a changing climate.

Methods
Semi-structured interviews (n = 16) were conducted amongst key informants from the Department of Health Services, Health Information Management System, Department of Hydrology and Meteorology, World Health Organization, and experts working on infectious disease and climate change in Nepal, and data were analysed using thematic analysis technique.

Results
Analysis explicates how climate change is constructed as a contingent risk for infectious diseases transmission and public health systems, and treated less seriously than other ‘salient’ public health risks, having implications for how resources are allocated. Further, analysis suggests a weak alliance among different stakeholders, particularly policy makers and evidence generators, resulting in the continuation of traditional practices of infectious diseases surveillance without consideration of the impacts of climate change.

Conclusions
We argue that along with strengthening systemic issues (epidemiological capacity, data quality and inter-sectoral collaboration), it is necessary to build a stronger political commitment to urgently address the influence of climate change as a present and exponential risk factor in the spread of infectious disease in Nepal.
Can Preoperative Laboratory Values Predict Short-term Postoperative Complications and Health Utilization in Patients Undergoing Cranioplasty?
Authors: Bajaj Anitesh , Khazanchi Rushmin , Weissman Joshua P. , Gosain Arun K. 
Published: November 2023

Background:
Low hematocrit, low albumin, and high creatinine levels have been associated with postoperative morbidity. The present study intends to analyze the effects of preoperative laboratories on medical complications and postoperative health resource utilization in patients undergoing cranioplasty.

Methods:
Using data from the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program, demographic, clinical, and intraoperative characteristics were collected for each patient who had recorded albumin, hematocrit, or creatinine laboratory values within 90 days of the index cranioplasty. Outcomes analyzed were ≥1 medical complication, ≥1 wound complication, unplanned reoperation, 30-day readmission, and extended hospital stay (>30 d). Outcomes significant on bivariate analyses were evaluated using multivariate logistic regression. Significant outcomes on multivariate analyses were analyzed using receiver operating characteristic curves and Mann-Whitney U tests.

Results:
The 3 separate cohorts included 1349 patients with albumin, 2201 patients with hematocrit, and 2182 patients with creatinine levels. Upon multivariate analysis, increases in albumin and hematocrit were independently associated with decreased odds of medical complications and extended length of stay. Increases in creatinine were independently associated with increased odds of medical complications. Discriminative cutoff values were identified for albumin and hematocrit.

Conclusions:
Preoperative laboratory values were independent predictors of medical complications and health utilization following cranioplasty in this study. Surgical teams can use these findings to optimize preoperative risk stratification.
Use and Outcomes of Hepatitis B Virus-Positive Grafts for Kidney or Heart Transplantation in the United States From 1999 to 2021
Authors: Singal Ashwani K. , Reddy K. Rajender , Nguyen Mindie H. , Younossi Zobair , Kwo Paul , Kuo Yong-Fang 
Published: November 2023

Background.
The gap between demand and supply for solid organ transplants requires strategies to expand the donor pool. Successful use of hepatitis B virus (HBV)-positive grafts has been reported in liver transplantation.

Methods.
In this United Network for Organ Sharing database (January 1999 to June 2021) retrospective cohort study, outcomes of kidney transplant (KT) or heart transplant (HT) recipients with HBV donor grafts (hepatitis B surface antigen and/or for HBV nucleic acid test-positive) were examined. Propensity score matching was performed for HBV-positive to negative graft recipients (1:5 for renal transplantation and 1:10 for HT).

Results.
Of 448 HBV-positive donors with 896 kidneys, 352 kidneys (39.3%) and 56 hearts (12.5%) were transplanted. Of these, 312 kidneys (88.6%) and 45 hearts (80.3%) were transplanted in hepatitis B surface antigen-negative recipients. Ten-year graft survival was 47.1% and 49% (log-rank P = 0.353), and patient survival was 58% and 59% (P = 0.999) for KT recipients. Similar figures among HT recipients were 41.9% and 38.9% for graft survival (P = 0.471), and 54.3% and 61.2% for patient survival (P = 0.277). Subgroup analyses in recipients with HBV nucleic acid test-positive grafts irrespective of antibodies to HBV core antigen-positive status, and recipients negative for anti-HBs (548 renal transplantation and 209 HT) were similar.

Conclusions.
Although we are limited by lack of available data on posttransplant anti-HBV treatment, the study observations suggest that using HBV-positive grafts is a reasonable strategy to expand the donor pool among candidates waiting for KT or HT.
Quantifying the Disadvantage of Small Recipient Size on the Liver Transplantation Waitlist, a Longitudinal Analysis Within the Eurotransplant Region
Authors: Sneiders Dimitri , van Dijk Anne-Baue R. M. , Darwish-Murad Sarwa , van Rosmalen Marieke , Erler Nicole S. , IJzermans Jan N. M. , Polak Wojciech G. , Hartog Hermien ,   for the Eurotransplant Liver and Intestine Advisory Committee (ELIAC)
Published: November 2023

Background.
Small adult patients with end-stage liver disease waitlisted for liver transplantation may face a shortage of size-matched liver grafts. This may result in longer waiting times, increased waitlist removal, and waitlist mortality. This study aims to assess access to transplantation in transplant candidates with below-average bodyweight throughout the Eurotransplant region.

Methods.
Patients above 16 y of age listed for liver transplantation between 2010 and 2015 within the Eurotransplant region were eligible for inclusion. The effect of bodyweight on chances of receiving a liver graft was studied in a Cox model corrected for lab-Model for End-stage Liver Disease (MELD) score updates fitted as time-dependent variable, blood type, listing for malignant disease, and age. A natural spline with 3 degrees of freedom was used for bodyweight and lab-MELD score to correct for nonlinear effects.

Results.
At the end of follow-up, the percentage of transplanted, delisted, and deceased waitlisted patients was 49.1%, 17.9%, and 24.3% for patients with a bodyweight <60 kg (n = 1267) versus 60.1%, 15.1%, and 18.6% for patients with a bodyweight ≥60 kg (n = 10 520). To reach comparable chances for transplantation, 60-kg and 50-kg transplant candidates are estimated to need, respectively, up to 2.8 and 4.0 more lab-MELD points than 80-kg transplant candidates.

Conclusions.
Decreasing bodyweight was significantly associated with decreased chances to receive a liver graft. This resulted in substantially longer waiting times, higher delisting rates, and higher waitlist mortality for patients with a bodyweight <60 kg.
Hilar Anatomy in 3035 Living Liver Donors: A Novel Classification for Donor Surgery and Suitability, Hepatic Surgeries, and Hepatobiliary Interventions
Authors: Rastogi Amit , Gupta Ankur A. , Piplani Tarun , Yadav Kamal S. , K. V. Fysal , Bhangui Prashant , Soin Arvinder S. 
Published: November 2023

Background.
This study examines the vascular and biliary variations in 3035 liver donors. We propose a novel classification of hepatic arteries, portal veins, and bile ducts and clinically relevant donor classification.

Methods.
Preoperative imaging and operative details of 3035 donors from 2005 to 2020 were reviewed. Hilar anatomical variations were identified and grouped on the basis of incidence and clinical relevance.

Results.
Hilar structures are classified according to the numbers supplying or draining the graft: for the hepatic artery, right (R) and left (L), RA1/LA1 (1 artery), RA2/LA2 (2 arteries), and RA3/LA3 (3 arteries), respectively, further defined on the basis of the inflow trunk into C (for common hepatic artery), S (for superior mesenteric artery), and L (for left gastric artery); for the portal vein, RP1 (1 vein) and RP2 (2 veins) for the right lobe; and for the hepatic duct, RB1/LB1 (1 duct), RB2/LB2 (2 ducts), RB3 (3 right ducts), and RB4 (4 right ducts). Donors were classified on the basis of anatomical variations into 3 groups: class 1 and class 2 donors, who can donate liver with acceptable risks, and class 3 donors, who are high-risk donors because they are anatomically unacceptable (Figures S1 to S4, SDC,
http://links.lww.com/TP/C918).

Conclusions.
Defining hilar anatomical variations and donor grouping into anatomy-based clinical classes helps in operative planning of donors, hepatobiliary surgeries, and interventional procedures.
Long COVID Among Kidney Transplant Recipients Appears to Be Attenuated During the Omicron Predominance
Authors: Amorim Carlos Eduardo Neves , Cazetta Gabriela Silveira , Cristelli Marina Pontello , Requião-Moura Lucio Roberto , da Silva Erica Rodrigues , Pinheiro Vale Ludmila , Brito Millena de Mikely Pereira , Bronzo Thais , Nakamura Monica Rika , Tedesco-Silva Helio , Medina-Pestana José 
Published: November 2023

Background.
Omicron variant has been associated with milder cases of COVID-19 among kidney transplant recipients. However, little is known about postacute sequelae, referred to as Long COVID.

Methods.
Prospective, single-center cohort study investigating prevalence and risk factors for Long COVID among kidney transplant recipients during the omicron predominance in Brazil. The analysis included adult patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection between January 5, 2022, and July 18, 2022, were alive, had a functioning kidney transplant 3 mo after symptom onset, and answered a telephonic survey about physical complains of Long COVID.

Results.
From the 1529 eligible, 602 (39%) patients responded the survey. Sixteen percent reported a previous SARS-CoV-2 infection, and 85% had been fully vaccinated. The prevalence of Long COVID was 52%, with the most common complaints being weakness (46%), myalgia (41%), dizziness (33%), and headache (31%). Among employed patients, 94% were able to resume their normal work activities. In multivariable analysis, female gender (hazard ratio [HR], 2.14; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.51-3.02; P < 0.0001), previous SARS-CoV-2 infection (HR, 3.55; 95% CI, 1.91-6.60; P < 0.0001), fatigue (HR, 2.32; 95% CI, 1.18-4.55; P = 0.014), myalgia (HR, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.03-2.15; P = 0.036) during the acute phase, and hospitalization because of COVID-19 (HR, 1.71; 95% CI, 1.06-2.76; P = 0.028) were independently associated with Long COVID.

Conclusions.
In the “omicron era,” Long COVID among kidney transplant recipients exhibited milder characteristics and had a less significant impact on their ability to resume normal life activities. The risk factors for persistent symptoms were similar to those observed in the general population except for the vaccination status, underscoring the importance of closer monitoring in special subgroups.
Risk Factors for Early Fungal Disease in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Pennington Kelly M. , Martin Max J. , Murad M. Hassan , Sanborn David , Saddoughi Sahar A. , Gerberi Danielle , Peters Steve G. , Razonable Raymund R. , Kennedy Cassie C. 
Published: November 2023

Background.
Invasive fungal infections are associated with high morbidity in solid organ transplant recipients. Risk factor modification may help with preventative efforts. The objective of this study was to identify risk factors for the development of fungal infections within the first year following solid organ transplant.

Methods.
We searched for eligible articles through February 3, 2023. Studies published after January 1, 2001, that pertained to risk factors for development of invasive fungal infections in solid organ transplant were reviewed for inclusion. Of 3087 articles screened, 58 were included. Meta-analysis was conducted using a random-effects model to evaluate individual risk factors for the primary outcome of any invasive fungal infections and invasive candidiasis or invasive aspergillosis (when possible) within 1 y posttransplant.

Results.
We found 3 variables with a high certainty of evidence and strong associations (relative effect estimate ≥ 2) to any early invasive fungal infections across all solid organ transplant groups: reoperation (odds ratio [OR], 2.92; confidence interval [CI], 1.79-4.75), posttransplant renal replacement therapy (OR, 2.91; CI, 1.87-4.51), and cytomegalovirus disease (OR, 2.97; CI, 1.78-4.94). Both posttransplant renal replacement therapy (OR, 3.36; CI, 1.78-6.34) and posttransplant cytomegalovirus disease (OR, 2.81; CI, 1.47-5.36) increased the odds of early posttransplant invasive aspergillosis. No individual variables could be pooled across groups for invasive candidiasis.

Conclusions.
Several common risk factors exist for the development of any invasive fungal infections in solid organ transplant recipients. Additional risk factors for invasive candidiasis and aspergillosis may be unique to the pathogen, transplanted organ, or both.
NPZfc: An ecological relation based fish catch prediction model using Artificial Neural Network
Authors: Mukherjee Manasi , Suresh Vettath Raghavan , Kundu Suman 
Published: November 2023

AbstractQuantifying interactions of organisms of the various trophic levels is very important in understanding the dynamics of aquatic ecosystems. With regards to fish, as both ecologically and commercially important parts of an ecosystem, predicting their catch in relation to primary producers provides insight into sustainable management. The present paper describes a novel model NPZfc, for nutrients, phytoplankton, zooplankton and fishes, which can predict planktivorous fish catch. Unlike the existing models which deal with the interactions within the system through mathematical equilibrium, the proposed model uses artificial neural network (ANN) to automatically learn inter-dependencies between different related variables and predict the fish catch of a water body. The efficiency of the model was increased by refining the input variables. Here biomass of plankton species population (phyto-plankton and zooplankton) were specifically selected from feeding ecology studies of target fish species as input variable. The study of two of the commercially important fish species,Etroplus suratensisandNematalosa nasusin Chilika lagoon showed that the model can predict with high accuracy from limited input data. The root mean square error (RMSE) is found to be very satisfactory, ranging from 3.53% to 11.5% forE. suratensisand from 1.63% to 2.22% forN. nasus. Higher accuracy and better predictive ability with a smaller dataset makes this ANN-based NPZfcmodel more conducive.
Engineered Secretory Immunoglobulin A provides insights on antibody-based effector mechanisms targetingClostridiodes difficile
Authors: Bharathkar Sonya Kumar , Miller Michael J. , Stadtmueller Beth M. 
Published: November 2023

SUMMARYSecretory (S) Immunoglobin (Ig) A is the predominant mucosal antibody, which mediates host interactions with commensal and pathogenic microbes, includingClostridioides difficile. SIgA adopts a polymeric IgA structure that is bound by secretory component (SC). Despite significance, how SIgA supports diverse effector mechanisms is poorly characterized and SIgA-based therapies nonexistent. We engineered chimeric (c) SIgAs, in which we replaced SC domain D2 with a single domain antibody or a monomeric fluorescent protein, allowing us to investigate and enhance SIgA effector mechanisms. cSIgAs exhibited increased neutralization potency againstC. difficiletoxins, promoted bacterial clumping and cell rupture, and decreased cytotoxicity. cSIgA also allowed us to visualize and/or quantifyC. difficilemorphological changes and clumping events. Results reveal mechanisms by which SIgA combatsC. difficileinfection, demonstrate that cSIgA design can modulate these mechanisms, and demonstrate cSIgA’s adaptability to modifications that might target a broad range of antigens and effector mechanisms.
NEUROEPITHELIAL BODIES AND TERMINAL BRONCHIOLES ARE NICHES FOR DISTINCTIVE CLUB CELLS THAT CAN REPAIR AIRWAYS FOLLOWING ACUTE NOTCH INHIBITION
Authors: Lingamallu Sai Manoz , Deshpande Aditya , Joy Neenu , Ganeshan Kirthana , Lafkas Daniel , Guha Arjun 
Published: November 2023

SUMMARYAirway club cells (CCs) have the dual role of a secretory cell and a progenitor cell. Using pharmacological, genetic, and cell-ablation approaches we probe the role of canonical Notch signalling in the regulation of the regenerative capacity of CCs. We report that in response to its perturbation, different subpopulations of CCs adopt distinct fates. Upon acute inhibition of Notch, the majority transdifferentiate into multiciliated cells. However, a “variant” subpopulation (v-CCs), juxtaposed with Neuroepithelial Bodies (5-10%) and neighbouring bronchioalveolar duct junctions (>80%), does not. Instead, v-CCs transition into partially differentiated/lineage ambiguous states but can revert to a CC fate upon restoration of Notch signalling and repopulate the airways with CCs and multiciliated cells. Analysis of a v-CC lineage marker (Uroplakin3a), coupled with sequential Notch inhibition, reveals that differential responses of v-CCs to Notch inhibition are regulated by their cellular microenvironment. We propose that perturbations to Notch signalling may be a common consequence of airway injury and that microenvironmental signals diversify CCs to create a robust pool that can repair airways upon acute Notch inhibition.
Light induced expression of gRNA allows for optogenetic gene editing of T lymphocytes in vivo
Authors: Pulgarin Diego Velasquez , Pelo Nathalie , Ferrandiz Lin , Trselic Tilen , Nyberg William A , Bowlin Gary , Espinosa Alexander 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACTThere is currently a lack of tools capable of perturbing genes in both a precise and spatiotemporal fashion. CRISPR’s ease of use and flexibility, coupled with light’s unparalleled spatiotemporal resolution deliverable from a controllable source, makes optogenetic CRISPR a well-suited solution for precise spatiotemporal gene perturbations. Here we present a new optogenetic CRISPR tool, BLU-VIPR, that diverges from prevailing split-Cas design strategies and instead focuses on optogenetic regulation of gRNA production. This simplifies spatiotemporal gene perturbation and works in vivo with cells previously intractable to optogenetic gene editing. We engineered BLU-VIPR around a new potent blue-light activated transcription factor and ribozyme-flanked gRNA. The BLU-VIPR design is genetically encoded and ensures precise excision of multiple gRNAs from a single mRNA transcript, allowing for optogenetic gene editing in T lymphocytes in vivo.
Single protein molecules separation, tracking and counting in ultra-thin silicon channels
Authors: Ohayon Shilo , Taib Liran , Verma Navneet Chandra , Iarossi Marzia , Bhattacharya Ivy , Marom Barak , Huttner Diana , Meller Amit 
Published: November 2023

AbstractEmerging single-molecule protein sensing techniques are ushering in a transformative era in biomedical research. Nevertheless, challenges persist in realizing ultra-fast full-size protein sensing, including loss of molecular integrity due to protein fragmentation, biases introduced by antibodies affinity, identification of proteoforms and low throughputs. Here, we introduce a single-molecule method for parallel protein separation and tracking, yielding multi-dimensional molecular properties used for their identification. Proteins are tagged by dual amino-acid specific labels and are electrophoretically separated by their mass/charge in custom-designed silicon nano-channel. This approach allows us to analyze thousands of individual proteins within a few minutes by tracking their motion during the migration. We demonstrate the power of the method by quantifying a cytokine panel for host-response discrimination between viral and bacterial infections. Moreover, we show that two clinically-relevant splice isoforms of VEGF can be accurately quantified from human serum samples. Being non-destructive and compatible with full-length intact proteins, this method opens up new ways for antibody-free single protein molecule quantification.