bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pan‐Cancer Single‐Nucleus Total RNA Sequencing Using snHH‐Seq
Authors: Chen Haide , Fang Xiunan , Shao Jikai , Zhang Qi , Xu Liwei , Chen Jiaye , Mei Yuqing , Jiang Mengmeng , Wang Yuting , Li Zhouyang , Chen Zihang , Chen Yang , Yu Chengxuan , Ma Lifeng , Zhang Peijing , Zhang Tianyu , Liao Yuan , Lv Yuexiao , Wang Xueyi , Yang Lei , Fu Yuting , Chen Daobao , Jiang Liming , Yan Feng , Lu Wei , Chen Gao , Shen Huahao , Wang Jingjing , Wang Changchun , Liang Tingbo , Han Xiaoping , Wang Yongcheng , Guo Guoji 
Published: November 2023

AbstractTumor heterogeneity and its drivers impair tumor progression and cancer therapy. Single‐cell RNA sequencing is used to investigate the heterogeneity of tumor ecosystems. However, most methods of scRNA‐seq amplify the termini of polyadenylated transcripts, making it challenging to perform total RNA analysis and somatic mutation analysis.Therefore, a high‐throughput and high‐sensitivity method called snHH‐seq is developed, which combines random primers and a preindex strategy in the droplet microfluidic platform. This innovative method allows for the detection of total RNA in single nuclei from clinically frozen samples. A robust pipeline to facilitate the analysis of full‐length RNA‐seq data is also established. snHH‐seq is applied to more than 730 000 single nuclei from 32 patients with various tumor types. The pan‐cancer study enables it to comprehensively profile data on the tumor transcriptome, including expression levels, mutations, splicing patterns, clone dynamics, etc. New malignant cell subclusters and exploring their specific function across cancers are identified. Furthermore, the malignant status of epithelial cells is investigated among different cancer types with respect to mutation and splicing patterns. The ability to detect full‐length RNA at the single‐nucleus level provides a powerful tool for studying complex biological systems and has broad implications for understanding tumor pathology.
Reliable Accessibility of Intermediate Polarization States in Textured Ferroelectric Al0.66Sc0.34N Thin Film
Authors: Lee Tae Yoon , Song Myeong Seop , Cho Jung Woo , Choi In Hyeok , An Chihwan , Lee Jong Seok , Chae Seung Chul 
Published: November 2023

AbstractFerroelectric materials are promising candidates for neuromorphic computing synaptic devices due to the nonvolatile multiplicity of spontaneous polarization. To ensure a sufficient memory window, ferroelectric materials with a large coercivity are urgently required for practical applications in highly scaled multi‐bit memory devices. Herein, a remarkable reliability of intermediate ferroelectric polarization states is demonstrated in a textured Al0.66Sc0.34N thin film with a coercive field of 2.4 MV cm−1. Al0.66Sc0.34N thin films are prepared at 300 °C on Pt (111)/Ti/SiO2/Si substrates using a radio frequency reactive sputtering method. Al0.66Sc0.34N thin films exhibit viable ferroelectricity with a large remanent polarization value of >100 µC cm−2. Through the conventional current–voltage characteristics, polarization switching kinetics, and temperature dependence of coercivity, the reproducibility of multiple polarization states with apparent accuracy is attributed to a small critical volume (3.7 × 10−28 m3) and a large activation energy (3.3 × 1027 eV m−3) for nucleation of the ferroelectric domain. This study demonstrates the potential of ferroelectric Al1‐xScxN for synaptic weight elements in neural network hardware.
Value‐Added Aqueous Metal‐Redox Bicatalyst Batteries
Authors: Wang Hao‐Yu , Ren Jin‐Tao , Sun Ming‐Lei , Tian Wen‐Wen , Feng Yi , Yuan Zhong‐Yong 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe development and utilization of electrochemical energy conversion and storage devices can maximize intermittent renewable energy and balance environmental issues. Aqueous metal‐redox bicatalyst batteries, incorporating value‐added electro‐reduction reactions during discharge process at the cathode, are considered a particularly attractive alternative for simultaneous electricity generation and valuable chemical production. In this review, for the first time, a holistic and subtle description of value‐added metal‐redox bicatalyst batteries is made, focusing on recent efforts to optimize the energy conversion/chemical production‐involved cathodic discharging reactions, including CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR), nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR), nitric oxide reduction reaction (NORR), nitrate reduction reaction (NO3−RR), nitrite reduction reaction (NO2−RR), hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), and acetylene reduction reaction (ARR). A macroscopic understanding of design principles in terms of anodes, cathodes, and reaction parameters is provided. Some mechanism explorations, feasibility analyses, technoeconomic assessments, device combinations, and associated comparisons are involved to deepen the understanding of different systems and evaluate their application prospects. Perspectives on and opportunities for future research directions are also outlined.
Numerical investigation of oil droplet detachment from wall surface by a microbubble using ternary phase‐field model
Authors: Yuhara Yuki , Shirzadi Mohammadreza , Fukasawa Tomonori , Fukui Kunihiro , Ishigami Toru 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn this study, we investigated the detachment of an oil droplet from a wall surface by microbubbles (MBs) using the numerical simulation of a gas–liquid–liquid three‐phase flow based on a phase‐field model. A single MB was collided with an oil droplet adhered to a wall surface to determine whether the droplet would detach from the wall. It was confirmed that the oil droplet detached from the wall when the interfacial tension between the water and oil or between the bubble and oil was low. To clarify the mechanism, we theoretically calculated the balance of interfacial tension at the three‐fluid contact line. The lower the interfacial tension between the water and oil and between the bubble and oil, the smaller the contact angle of the oil droplet on the bubble. This increased wettability was the driving force that caused the oil droplet to detach from the wall surface.
Defining curative endpoints for sickle cell disease in the era of gene therapy and gene editing
Authors: Locatelli Franco , Corbacioglu Selim , Hobbs William , Frangoul Haydar , Walters Mark C. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractA growing number of gene therapy‐ and gene editing‐based treatments for patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) are entering clinical trials. These treatments, designed to target the underlying cause of SCD, have the potential to provide functional cures, which until now were possible only through allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant. However, as these novel approaches advance from early‐ to late‐stage clinical trials, it is essential to identify physiologically and clinically relevant endpoints that can demonstrate the achievement of a functional cure for SCD. Here, we present an overview of the pathophysiology of SCD and current treatment options, review ongoing SCD clinical trials using gene therapy or gene editing approaches, and identify the most relevant endpoints for demonstrating the attainment of a functional cure for SCD.
Influence of COVID‐19 on the emergence of stone‐tool use behavior in a population of common long‐tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis fascicularis) in Thailand
Authors: Muhammad Raza , Kaikaew Titiporn , Panjan Suchada , Meesawat Suthirote , Thabthimthong Wipaporn , Payungporn Sunchai , Apipattarachaiwong Jirawat , Kanthaswamy Sreetharan , Hamada Yuzuru , Luncz Lydia V. , Malaivijitnond Suchinda 
Published: November 2023

AbstractStone tool use is a rare behavior across nonhuman primates. Here we report the first population of common long‐tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis fascicularis) who customarily used stone tools to open rock oysters (Saccostrea forskali) on a small island along the Thai Gulf in Koh Ped (KPE), eastern Thailand. We observed this population several times during the past 10 years, but no stone‐tool use behavior was observed until our survey during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic in July 2022. KPE is located in Pattaya City, a hotspot for tourism in Thailand. Tourists in this area frequently provided large amounts of food for the monkeys on KPE. During the COVID‐19 curfew, however, tourists were not allowed to access the island, and monkeys began to face food scarcity. During this time, we observed stone‐tool use behavior for the first time on KPE. Based on our observations, the first tool manipulation was similar to stone throwing (a known precursor of stone tool use). From our observations in March 2023, we found 17 subadult/adult animals performing the behavior, 15 of 17 were males and mostly solitary while performing the behavior. The M. f. fascicularis subspecies was confirmed by distribution, morphological characteristics, and mtDNA and SRY gene sequences. Taken together, we proposed that the stone tool use behavior in the KPE common long‐tailed macaques emerged due to the COVID‐19 food scarcity. Since traveling is no longer restricted many tourists have started coming back to the island, and there is a high risk for this stone tool‐use behavior to disappear within this population of long‐tailed macaques.
Automated Structural Activity Screening of β‐Diketonate Assemblies with High‐Throughput Ion Mobility‐Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Williams Oscar H. Lloyd , Rusli Olivia , Ezzedinloo Lida , Dodgen Tyren M. , Clegg Jack K. , Rijs Nicole J. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractEmbracing complexity in design, metallo‐supramolecular self‐assembly presents an opportunity for fabricating materials of economic significance. The array of accessible supramolecules is alluring, along with favourable energy requirements. Implementation is hampered by an inability to efficiently characterise complex mixtures. The stoichiometry, size, shape, guest binding properties and reactivity of individual components and combinations thereof are inherently challenging to resolve. A large combinatorial library of four transition metals (Fe, Cu, Ni and Zn), and six β‐diketonate ligands at different molar ratios and pH was robotically prepared and directly analysed over multiple timepoints with electrospray ionisation travelling wave ion mobility‐mass spectrometry. The dataset was parsed for self‐assembling activity without first attempting to structurally assign individual species. Self‐assembling systems were readily categorised without manual data‐handling, allowing efficient screening of self‐assembly activity. This workflow clarifies solution phase supramolecular assembly processes without manual, bottom‐up processing. The complex behaviour of the self‐assembling systems was reduced to simpler qualities, which could be automatically processed.
Integrated Conversion of Lignocellulosic Biomass to Bio‐Based Amphiphiles using a Functionalization‐Defunctionalization Approach
Authors: Sun Songlan , De Angelis Gaia , Bertella Stefania , Jones Marie J. , Dick Graham R. , Amstad Esther , Luterbacher Jeremy S. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractConcerns over the sustainability and end‐of‐life properties of fossil‐derived surfactants have driven interest in bio‐based alternatives. Lignocellulosic biomass with its polar functional groups is an obvious feedstock for surfactant production but its use is limited by process complexity and low yield. Here, we present a simple two‐step approach to prepare bio‐based amphiphiles directly from hemicellulose and lignin at high yields (29 % w/w based on the total raw biomass and >80 % w/w of these two fractions). Acetal functionalization of xylan and lignin with fatty aldehydes during fractionation introduced hydrophobic segments and subsequent defunctionalization by hydrogenolysis of the xylose derivatives or acidic hydrolysis of the lignin derivatives produced amphiphiles. The resulting biodegradable xylose acetals and/or ethers, and lignin‐based amphiphilic polymers both largely retained their original natural structures, but exhibited competitive or superior surface activity in water/oil systems compared to common bio‐based surfactants.
Polymer Modification Strategy to Modulate Reaction Microenvironment for Enhanced CO2 Electroreduction to Ethylene
Authors: Deng Ting , Jia Shuaiqiang , Chen Chunjun , Jiao Jiapeng , Chen Xiao , Xue Cheng , Xia Wei , Xing Xueqing , Zhu Qinggong , Wu Haihong , He Mingyuan , Han Buxing 
Published: November 2023

AbstractModulation of the microenvironment on the electrode surface is one of the effective means to improve the efficiency of electrocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction (eCO2RR). To achieve high conversion rates, the phase boundary at the electrode surface should be finely controlled to overcome the limitation of CO2 solubility in the aqueous electrolyte. Herein, we developed a simple and efficient method to structure electrocatalyst with a superhydrophobic surface microenvironment by one‐step co‐electrodeposition of Cu and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) on carbon paper. The super‐hydrophobic Cu‐based electrode displayed a high ethylene (C2H4) selectivity with a Faraday efficiency (FE) of 67.3 % at −1.25 V vs. reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) in an H‐type cell, which is 2.5 times higher than a regular Cu electrode without PTFE. By using PTFE as a surface modifier, the activity of eCO2RR is enhanced and water (proton) adsorption is inhibited. This strategy has the potential to be applied to other gas‐conversion electrocatalysts.
Corner Engineering: Tailoring Enzymes for Enhanced Resistance and Thermostability in Deep Eutectic Solvents
Authors: Wang Xinyue , Sheng Yijie , Cui Haiyang , Qiao Jie , Song Yibo , Li Xiujuan , Huang He 
Published: November 2023

AbstractDeep eutectic solvents (DESs), heralded for their synthesis simplicity, economic viability, and reduced volatility and flammability, have found increasing application in biocatalysis. However, challenges persist due to a frequent diminution in enzyme activity and stability. Herein, we developed a general protein engineering strategy, termed corner engineering, to acquire DES‐resistant and thermostable enzymes via precise tailoring of the transition region in enzyme structure. Employing Bacillus subtilis lipase A (BSLA) as a model, we delineated the engineering process, yielding five multi‐DESs resistant variants with highly improved thermostability, such as K88E/N89 K exhibited up to a 10.0‐fold catalytic efficiency (kcat/KM) increase in 30 % (v/v) choline chloride (ChCl): acetamide and 4.1‐fold in 95 % (v/v) ChCl: ethylene glycol accompanying 6.7‐fold thermal resistance improvement than wild type at ≈50 °C. The generality of the optimized approach was validated by two extra industrial enzymes, endo‐β‐1,4‐glucanase PvCel5A (used for biofuel production) and esterase Bs2Est (used for plastics degradation). The molecular investigations revealed that increased water molecules at substrate binding cleft and finetuned helix formation at the corner region are two dominant determinants governing elevated resistance and thermostability. This study, coupling corner engineering with obtained molecular insights, illuminates enzyme‐DES interaction patterns and fosters the rational design of more DES‐resistant and thermostable enzymes in biocatalysis and biotransformation.
Vitamin B12‐Photocatalyzed Cyclopropanation of Electron‐Deficient Alkenes Using Dichloromethane as the Methylene Source**
Authors: Teye‐Kau John Hayford G. , Ayodele Mayokun J. , Pitre Spencer P. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe cyclopropyl group is of great importance in medicinal chemistry, as it can be leveraged to influence a range of pharmaceutical properties in drug molecules. This report describes a Vitamin B12‐photocatalyzed approach for the cyclopropanation of electron‐deficient alkenes using dichloromethane (CH2Cl2) as the methylene source. The reaction proceeds in good to excellent yields under mild conditions, has excellent functional group compatibility, and is highly chemoselective. The scope could also be extended to the preparation of D2‐cyclopropyl and methyl‐substituted cyclopropyl adducts starting from CD2Cl2 and 1,1‐dichloroethane, respectively.
Au‐Modified Carbon Electrodes Produced by Laser Scribing for Electrochemical Analysis of Probiotic Activity
Authors: Gongoni Juliana L. M. , Chumanov George , Paixão Thiago R. L. C. , Garcia Carlos D. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractA simple and fast (<15 min), two‐step laser scribing of cardboard substrates is described as a method for fabricating carbon electrodes modified with metallic nanoparticles. The first scribing step patterned a cardboard substrate (promoting the formation of porous carbon electrodes). The second step was included to produce metallic nanoparticles via a chemical reduction process of cations from an aqueous solution. For these experiments, the effects of copper, silver, nickel, cobalt, zinc, and gold were evaluated considering their effect on the electrical properties and the composition of the carbon materials produced. These experiments revealed that, despite significant changes in resistance (from 138±7 Ω for plain electrodes to just 53±3 Ω for Au‐modified electrodes), only marginal changes were observed in the morphology or composition of the material produced (IG/ID ranged from 1.2±0.3 for the plain cardboard to 1.8±0.3 for the cobalt‐modified electrodes). To demonstrate the applicability of the proposed strategy, Au‐modified electrodes were assembled into electrochemical sensors and applied to measure the metabolic activity of live microorganisms in various commercial samples, requiring only 100 μL of sample and 10 min of incubation time.
Challenges posed by hijacked journals in Scopus
Authors: Abalkina Anna 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis study presents and explains the phenomenon of indexjacking, which involves the systematic infiltration of hijacked journals into international indexing databases, with Scopus being one of the most infiltrated among these databases. Through an analysis of known lists of hijacked journals, the study identified at least 67 hijacked journals that have penetrated Scopus since 2013. Of these, 33 journals indexed unauthorized content in Scopus and 23 compromised the homepage link in the journal's profile, while 11 did both. As of September 2023, 41 hijacked journals are still compromising the data of legitimate journals in Scopus. The presence of hijacked journals in Scopus is a challenge for scientific integrity due to the legitimization of unreliable papers that have not undergone peer review and compromises the quality of the Scopus database. The presence of hijacked journals in Scopus has far‐reaching effects. Papers published in these journals may be cited, and unauthorized content from these journals in Scopus is thus imported into other databases, including ORCID and the WHO COVID‐19 Research Database. This poses a particular challenge for research evaluation in those countries, where cloned versions of approved journals may be used to acquire publications and verifying their authenticity can be difficult.
Excellence in Acrylation – Scope and Limitation of Glucosyl Imidazolium‐coated Novozym 435 Catalyzed (Meth)acryl Ester Synthesis
Authors: Lehmann Paul , Jopp Stefan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe incorporation of carbohydrate based ionic liquids as a support for Novozym 435 was previously studied by the authors for the acrylation of n‐butanol as the target substrate, which was used as the foundation for the design of experiments. The combination of carbohydrate based ionic liquids and Novozym 435 remains a key aspect of this work. Building upon this, the reaction parameters were optimized for the Novozym catalyst. Substrate screening was performed to explore the scope and limitations of room temperature acrylation reactions. Herein, different alcohols and reaction conditions were screened extensively for the different acrylate products with yields of up to 99.9 % determined via gas chromatography (GC). Standard straight chain alcohols, 2‐functionalized ethanol derivatives with electron donating and withdrawing groups, and more sterically challenging substrates were investigated over a broad concentration region. To further underline the applicability of the modified biocatalyst, two alcohols were converted with methacrylic acid. The presented method offers a greener pathway for acrylate synthesis, which eliminates the need for high reaction temperatures, strongly acidic catalysts and/or polymerization inhibitors as used in non‐biocatalytic acrylate synthesis.
Radiofrequency dielectric spectroscopy study: Effects of pH, hydrogen bond donors and acceptors on the attachment of spectrin skeleton to the lipid membrane of erythrocytes
Authors: Ivanov Ivan T. , Paarvanova Boyana K. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBand 3 protein and glycophorin C are the two major integral proteins of the lipid membrane of human red blood cells (RBCs). They are attached from below to a network of elastic filamentous spectrin, the third major RBC membrane protein. The binding properties of the attachments to spectrin affect the shape and deformability of RBCs. We addressed band 3 and glycophorin C attachments to spectrin by measuring the strength of two recently discovered radiofrequency dielectric relaxations, βsp (1.4 MHz) and γ1sp (9 MHz), that are observable as changes in the complex admittance of RBCs in medium. In medium at pH 5.2, and also in media with protic substances (formamide, methylformamide, or urea), the βsp relaxation became inhibited that is attributable to detachment of glycophorin C from spectrin. In medium at pH 9.2, we observed inhibition of γ1sp relaxation attributable to detachment of band 3 from spectrin, as also was seen in media with aprotic substances difluoropyridine, dimethylsolfoxide, dimethylformamide, acetone, sodium tetrakis(4‐fluorophenyl)borate), chlorpromazine, thioridazine and trifluopiperazine. The viscogenic cosolvents (glycerol, ethylene glycol, or i‐erythritol) inhibited both the βsp and γ1sp relaxations and significantly lowered their characteristic frequencies. Our observations indicate that the glycophorin C attachment to spectrin has nucleophilic centers whose saturation disconnects this attachment and inhibits the βsp relaxation, whereas at band 3‐spectrin attachment site, it is the saturation of electrophilic centers that weakens this attachment and inhibits the γ1sp relaxation.
Brain organoids: A revolutionary tool for modeling neurological disorders and development of therapeutics
Authors: Acharya Prabha , Choi Na Young , Shrestha Sunil , Jeong Sehoon , Lee Moo‐Yeal 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBrain organoids are self‐organized, three‐dimensional (3D) aggregates derived from pluripotent stem cells that have cell types and cellular architectures resembling those of the developing human brain. The current understanding of human brain developmental processes and neurological disorders has advanced significantly with the introduction of this in vitro model. Brain organoids serve as a translational link between two‐dimensional (2D) cultures and in vivo models which imitate the neural tube formation at the early and late stages and the differentiation of neuroepithelium with whole‐brain regionalization. In addition, the generation of region‐specific brain organoids made it possible to investigate the pathogenic and etiological aspects of acquired and inherited brain disease along with drug discovery and drug toxicity testing. In this review article, we first summarize an overview of the existing methods and platforms used for generating brain organoids and their limitations and then discuss the recent advancement in brain organoid technology. In addition, we discuss how brain organoids have been used to model aspects of neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative diseases, including autism spectrum disorder (ASD), Rett syndrome, Zika virus‐related microcephaly, Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and Huntington's disease (HD).