bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of Vancomycin trough levels monitoring on uncomplicated methilcillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia in chronic kidney disease on hemodialysis, retrospective cohort
Authors: Osorio Julian Felipe Ramirez , Velez-Hernandez Juan Esteban , Castaño Nathalia Fernández , Hernandez David Felipe Rojas , Barragan Fabian Jaimes 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background
CKD patients on hemodialysis (HD) with Staphylococcus aureus (SA) bacteremia present high morbidity, mortality and increased risk of MRSA. Vancomycin is the antibiotic of choice in these cases, it has a narrow therapeutic margin and inadequate narrow therapeutic margin and inadequate dosage generates a risk of toxicity, therefore, they recommend that its dosage be guided through measurement of serum levels.
Methods
This is a retrospective cohort study in 3 hospitals of third level of complexity in the city of Medellin in which there were differences in the measurement and implementation of vancomycin25 dosage based on trough levels (VL) in patients with chronic kidney disease on hemodialysis (CKD- HD) with uncomplicated bacteremia based infection by methilcillin-resistant Staphyloccocus aureus (MRSA). The primary outcome was the composite of hospital mortality, clinical response (fever, hemodynamic instability and altered consciousness), complications associated with bacteremia or bacteriological response failure (positive cultures at first week follow-up) at 7 days, and the composite variables were analyzed individually as secondary outcomes.
Results
The main unadjusted outcome (OR 1.3, CI 0.6–2.7) and adjusted for age, Charlson index, loading dose, initial dose, dosing frequency and MIC to vancomycin (OR 1.2, CI 0.5–2.7). Regarding adjusted secondary outcomes: clinical response (OR 1.4 CI 0.3–5.8), death (OR 1.3 CI 0.3–4.6) and complications (OR 0.9, CI 0.37–2.2).
Conclusions
We conclude that the measurement of trough levels in patients with HD-CKD does not modify the composite outcome. The main limitation is the sample size and type of study, so that preferably randomized studies are required to confirm the results presented.
Training Status Levels as a Non-Pharmacological Therapeutic Tool for Blood Pressure Control in Hypertensive Older Adults
Authors: Silva Roberta , Reia Thaís , Jacomini André , Souza Thiago , Nicoletti Rafael , Zago Anderson 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Deficiency in nitrite (NO2−) concentration and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) activity can contribute to the high incidence of hypertension. Conversely, physical exercise has been shown to counteract these effects. Thus, the purpose of the study was to verify the effect of physical exercise programs lasting 12 weeks on the training status level (TS), plasma NO2−concentrations, ACE activity, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP / DBP) in hypertensive older adults. After 12 weeks of intervention, participants classified initially with weak TS-level obtained an improvement only in the general functional fitness index (GFFI). Regular TS-level group presented an increase in GFFI and a decrease in ACE activity (34.18 ± 17.82 / 29.73 ± 16.51, p = 0.039 / Δ=-4.44) and SBP (132.15 ± 13.14 / 125.37 ± 12.89, p = 0.006 / Δ=-6.77). Good TS-level group presented improvement in the concentration of NO2−(0.134 ± 0.04 / 0.160 ± 0.42, p = 0.001 and Δ = 0.026) and SBP (127.23 ± 11.97 / 122.52 ± 14.55, p = 0.013 and Δ=-4.70). Additionally, the analysis of functional fitness components individually did not influence the BP control variables. These results suggest that changes in the TS (regular or good) provide a positive effect on such variables in hypertensive older adults, however weak TS did not have enough intensity to generate positive changes in BP control variables.
An 8-week injury prevention exercise program combined with change-of-direction technique training reduces change-of-direction knee joint loading without compromising performance
Authors: Mohr Maurice , Federolf Peter , Heinrich Dieter , Nitschke Marlies , Raschner Christian , Scharbert Julia , Koelewijn Anne 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Knee ligament sprains are common during change-of-direction (COD) maneuvers in multidirectional team sports. This study aimed to compare the effects of an 8-week injury prevention exercise program containing COD-specific exercises and a similar program containing linear sprint exercises on performance- and injury-related variables during a 135° COD task. We hypothesized that the COD-specific training would lead to more effective reductions in the peak knee abduction moment (H1) as an indicator for knee injury risk and more effective improvements in COD performance, i.e., lower COD completion time (H2) and sharper executed angle (H3). Twenty-two sports science students (40% female) completed biomechanical assessments of COD movement strategies before and after participating in two supervised 25-minute training sessions per week over eight weeks. In partial support of our hypothesis, the COD-specific training but not the linear sprint training led to reduced peak knee abduction moments (significant ‘training*group’ interaction, p = 0.034) compared to baseline. At the same time, the COD-specific training did not lead to a significant performance detriment. In conclusion, a generic knee injury prevention program combined with COD-specific exercises has the potential to prevent knee sprains in multidirectional team sports more effectively than generic programs alone without compromising COD performance.
Interactive effects of elevated CO2 concentration and drought stress on some physio-morphological and biochemical characteristics of Quercus brantii seedlings
Authors: Yousefvand parvaneh , Pilehvar Babak , Nasrolahi Ali Heidar 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

The elevated atmospheric CO2concentration is expected to increase plant growth and productivity and improve water use efficiency. Hence, elevated CO2is considered to mitigate to some extent the adverse effects of drought. We aimed to investigate physio-morphological and biochemical responses of 2-year-old Persian oak (Quercus brantiiLindl.) seedlings to the elevated CO2concentration and drought alone and when combined. Persian oak seedlings were grown in growth chambers at two CO2concentrations (ambient; 380 ppm and elevated; 700 ppm) and two water regimes (well-watered; 100% of field capacity and water stress; about 50% of this value) for one growing season (8 months). The results showed elevated CO2concentration significantly increased collar diameter, shoot height, leaf area, biomass production, root volume, photosynthetic traits, leaf pigments (chlorophyll and carotenoids) content, and relative leaf water content. While, it decreased total N content of leaves, proline content, electrolyte leakage, Malondialdehyde content, and antioxidant enzymes (catalase, peroxidase, and ascorbate peroxidase) activity in comparison to ambient CO2concentration. However, the root length was unaffected in response to elevated CO2. In contrast, drought had an adverse effect on the studied traits except for root length. These effects were alleviated by the presence of CO2, as apparent in physio-morphological and biochemical traits. Our findings suggest that in different proposed climate change scenarios, Persian oak trees may tolerate drought in the presence of elevated CO2.
A Novel Nomogram Based on Multi-Detector Computer Tomography Radiomics of Pectoral Muscle for Predicting Prone to Acute Exacerbation in COPD
Authors: Zhu Tingting , He Qian , Yang Xiao , Li Zhichun , Li Xinghui , Lei Yan , Tang Wei 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

BackgroundDeveloping and validating a radiomics nomogram to predict prone to acute exacerbations in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients.Methods118 patients prone to acute exacerbation of COPD (PAECOPD) and 92 patients with relatively stable COPD (SCOPD) were split into a training cohort (n=146) and a validation cohort (n=64). Radiomics features of the pectoral muscle (PM) were extracted from the cross-sectional image above the level of the aortic arch on the chest unenhanced multi-detector computer tomography (MDCT) images. We constructed a radiomics signature and calculated a radiomics score (Rad- score). Combination of Rad-score and clinical factors (including quantitative indicators of PM on MDCT) associated with PAECOPD, a radiomics nomogram was constructed with a multivariate logistic regression model. We evaluate the performance of the radiomics nomogram concerning discrimination, calibration, and clinical usefulness.ResultsThe radiomics signature model was built with twelve features. The radiomics nomogram displayed better discrimination capability (P< 0.05) both in the training cohort (area under the curve(AUC), 0.932; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.891–0.973) and the validation cohort (AUC, 0.896; 95% CI, 0.816–0.975) compared with the clinical factor and radiomics signature, and displayed excellent calibration in the training cohort. According to the decision curve analysis (DCA), the radiomics nomogram demonstrated better clinical usefulness than the clinical factors and radiomics signature alone.ConclusionThe radiomics nomogram based on MDCT combines radiomic signature and clinical factors for predicting acute COPD exacerbations non-invasively with favorable predictive efficacy.
Prevalence of intentions to receive monkeypox vaccine. A systematic review and meta- analysis
Authors: León-Figueroa Darwin A. , Barboza Joshuan J. , Valladares-Garrido Mario J. , Sah Ranjit , Rodriguez-Morales Alfonso J. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Immunization, as a preventive strategy against infectious diseases, has consolidated its position as a fundamental pillar in the field of public health. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the prevalence of intention to receive the monkeypox vaccine (Mpox).
Methods
A systematic review and meta-analysis of the available evidence was performed using five databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, and ScienceDirect) with a search strategy until July 24, 2023. Data analysis was performed in R software version 4.2.3. The quality of the included cross-sectional studies was assessed using the "JBI-MAStARI". In addition, a subgroup analysis by study population and continent was developed.
Results
Twenty-nine cross-sectional articles with a total sample of 52 658 participants were included. The pooled prevalence of intention to vaccinate against Mpox was 61% (95% CI: 53–69%; 52658 participants; 29 studies; I2 = 100%). In the subgroup analysis on the intention to be vaccinated against Mpox according to continents was 64% (95% CI: 53–74%; 13883 participants; 17 studies; I2 = 99%) in Asian countries, 43% (95% CI: 39–47%; 1538 participants; 3 studies; I2 = 53%) in African countries, 62% (95% CI: 45–78%; 35811 participants; 6 studies; I2 = 99%) in European countries, and 63% (95% CI: 32–89%; 1426 participants; 3 studies; I2 = 99%) in American countries. In the subgroup analysis on the intention to be vaccinated against Mpox, according to study subjects it was 54% (95% CI: 45–62%; 10296 participants; 11 studies; I2 = 99%) in the general population, 57% (95% CI: 33–79%; 3333 participants; 10 studies; I2 = 99%) in health care workers, and 76% (95% CI: 70–82%;39029 participants; 8 studies; I2 = 98%) in the LGBTI community. In addition, as a secondary outcome, a prevalence of refusal of Mpox vaccination was found to be 22% (95% CI: 16–30%; 45577 participants; 21 studies; I2 = 99%).
Conclusion
The study highlights the importance of recognizing regional and subgroup disparities in Mpox vaccine willingness and refusal. It emphasizes the importance of employing strategies to achieve widespread vaccination coverage and safeguard public health worldwide.
Terms used
Joanna Briggs Institute Meta-Analysis of Statistics Assessment and Review Instrument (JBI-MAStARI), Prospective International Registry of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO), and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA)
Concordance of weight status between mothers and children: A secondary analysis of the Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey VII
Authors: Alam Faiz , Ali Mohammed K. , Patel Shivani A. , Iqbal Romaina 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background
Familial concordance of weight status is an emerging field of study that may guide the development of interventions that operate beyond the individual and within the family context. Little published data exist for concordance of weight status within Pakistani households.
Methods
We assessed the associations between weight status of mothers and their children in a nationally representative sample of households in Pakistan using Demographic and Health Survey data from 2017-18. Our analysis included 3465 mother-child dyads, restricting to children under-five years of age with body mass index (BMI) information on their mothers. We used linear regression models to assess the associations between maternal BMI category (underweight, normal weight, overweight, obese) and child’s weight-for-height z-score (WHZ), accounting for socio-demographic characteristics of mothers and children. We assessed these relationships in all children under-five and also stratified by age of children (younger than 2 years and 2 to 5 years).
Results
In all children under-five and in children 2 to 5 years, maternal BMI was positively associated with child’s WHZ. For all children under-five, children of normal weight, overweight, and obese women had WHZ scores that were 0.22 [95% CI (confidence interval): 0.05, 0.38], 0.44 [95% CI: 0.26, 0.63], and 0.53 [95% CI: 0.33, 0.73] units higher than children of underweight women, respectively. For children ages 2 to 5, children of normal weight, overweight, and obese women had WHZ scores that were 0.27 [95% CI: 0.09, 0.44), 0.51 [95% CI: 0.30, 0.72), and 0.61 [95% CI: 0.37, 0.85] units higher than children of underweight women, respectively. There was no association between maternal BMI and child WHZ for children under-two.
Conclusions
The findings indicate that the weight status of mother’s is positively associated with that of their children. These associations have implications for interventions aimed at healthy weights of families, providing special attention during interventions to the sharing of weight status among mother-child dyads.
Antimicrobial Resistance and Food Sources: Systematic Surveillance and Meta-Analysis from India and Taiwan
Authors: K Himanshu , Mukherjee Riya , Vidic Jasmina , Manzano Marisa , Ahmad Saheem , Alyahyawi Amjad R. , Raj V. Samuel , Pandey Ramendra Pati , Chang Chung-Ming , K Gunjan 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Human exposure to antimicrobial resistance (AMR) through food is now very imperfectly understood, creating a significant gap in the design of interventions. The interchange of AMR genes and the transfer of AMR bacteria from animals to humans through the food chain necessitate comprehensive methods to risk reduction. With a focus on AMR in bacterial species isolated from food products, foods (of both animal and non-animal origin), and ambient samples, the current meta-analysis gathered up-to-date information on the epidemiology of AMR in animal-source food chain. As a result, the combined prevalence of AMR across the various food sources was calculated. From the 18,784 food samples obtained as a result of selected publications, 7,676 (40.9%) samples were contaminated, including 4343 (56.6%) and 3363 (43.4%) samples from Taiwan and India, respectively. Meat (chicken, pork, and beef), fish and milk all have moderate to medium potential for AMR exposure to both Gram-positive and Gram-negative foodborne pathogens such S. aureus, Clostridium, E. coli, Salmonella, etc. Antibiotic resistance to β-lactam, fluoroquinolone, carbapenem etc, is present in the majority of food samples. The results of this study emphasize the persistent danger of antimicrobial residue in animal-derived foods in Taiwan, India, and other nations with comparable customs.
Fire Absence as Structuring Factor on Small Mammal Assemblages at the Serra Das Araras Ecological Station, in the Southwest of Mato Grosso, Brazil
Authors: Souza Marco Rodrigo de Souza , Santos-Filho Manoel dos Santos Filho , Bogoni Juliano André Bogoni 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Fire is a structuring factor of terrestrial ecosystems, such as the Brazilian Cerrado. But little is known about the patterns and adequate fire regularity in the various phytophysiognomies of this biome. Thus, we hypothesized that the control of fires at the Serra das Araras Ecological Station alters the small mammals’ assemblages, with the presence of more forest species. Thus, this work aims to evaluate the structure of the assemblages of small non-volant mammals of the SAES, after a period of 17 years without fire occurrence. Between October 2016 and June 2017, 24 sites in the Cerrado. The sampling effort was 13,960 traps per night of conventional Sherman and Tomahawk traps. Our results were compared with data sampled in 1999 and 2000, a period in which there was no fire control. 21 species of small mammals were recorded, of which 12 species of rodents and nine of marsupials. Our results show most species common to forest and savannah environments, differing from the pattern of other studies, in which they present a set of species restricted to forest environments, another set restricted to savannah environments, and few shared species. When comparing the current study and that of the year 1999/2000, species typical of savannah environments have been replaced by forest species. In this sense, it is possible to assume that the absence of fire is restructuring the small mammal assemblages at Serra das Araras Ecological Station.
Assessment of Trace element based health risk in fruits at rural areas in Bangladesh
Authors: Khan Abu Shamim , Morshed Hasan , Rahim Abdur , Sultana Nusrat , Al-Mamun Abdullah , Islam Naim , Chakraborty Taposh Kumar , Hossain Ripon , Hossain Shahadot , Hossaen Arafat , Kabir Ismile , Maruf Abdullah Al , Khatun Rukaya , Hayder Tanvir , Siddique Abu Bakar 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Metal pollution is influenced to accumulation of trace metals in fruits which have adverse effect on human health such as cancer and non cancer diseases. This study was investigated the accumulation of arsenic and manganese in fruits through irrigation water or soil and its associated health risk for adults and children. It was conducted in May to November, 2018 at Samta village of Jashore district in Bangladesh. Concentration of arsenic and manganese was measured by HG-AAS and flame-AAS methods respectively. Daily intake of metals, pollution index and its health risk index was calculated by using USEPA method. Concentration range of arsenic and manganese in fruits was measured 0.096 ± 0.001mg/Kg to 0.533 ± 0.005mg/Kg and 0.561 ± 0.001mg/Kg to 12.834 ± 0.015mg/Kg. Maximum concentration of arsenic and manganese was detected in papaya and guava fruits due to accumulate high concentration of arsenic and manganese from irrigation water and soil. Total hazard quotient data range for adults and child was not exceed than 1 which is indicated that fruits are safe from non carcinogenic health risk from arsenic and manganese. On the other hand carcinogenic risk of arsenic for adults and child data ranges were 1.68×10+ 00 to 3.05×10− 01 and 1.00×10+ 00 to 1.81×10− 01 which was higher than the carcinogenic cancer risk value 1.00×10− 6.In addition it is concluded that fruits were not safe from carcinogenic health risk by arsenic at this study area which has a strong correlation with arsenic contamination in irrigation water and soil. This study will be updated the information on arsenic and manganese contamination in fruits and its health safety.
Disabled users’ views and experiences of digital accessibility tools and training and the DA4You course
Authors: Black Sharon , De Pablos-Ortega Carlos 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Digital technologies are now ubiquitous in our lives and it is of critical importance that disabled people benefit from full and equitable access to the digital world. However, digital accessibility training for disabled users is lacking, and there is little research on developing such training focusing on ways to use the broad and growing range of digital accessibility tools available today. The current study investigates disabled users’ practices, views and experiences regarding digital devices, accessibility tools and training. Data were collected from 91 participants with a range of disabilities using a questionnaire and 14 participants took part in a semi-structured interview. The findings confirm that while disabled users are making use of a wide variety of technologies and accessibility tools, digital accessibility training for such users is inadequate, with participants experiencing gaps and shortcomings in the training and support provided from their early years onwards, including at school, university and in their adult lives. Such gaps and deficiencies reinforce the digital divide between disabled and non-disabled users. Participants gave several recommendations to improve digital accessibility training. The research informed the design of the training created as part of the DA4You project, presented in this article, which was positively evaluated by participants overall. However, greater efforts are needed improve digital accessibility training for all disabled users, who are keen to have access to more and better training opportunities. The onus is on educators, trainers, administrators and policymakers, etc to make this a priority.
Отдаленные результаты лечения пациентов с классической лимфомой Ходжкина в реальной клинической практике: опыт гематологического отделения Новосибирска
Authors: Войтко Мария Сергеевна , Поспелова Т. И. , Нечунаева И. Н. , Шебуняева Я. Ю. 
Published: October 2023

Aim. To assess the long-term results of classical Hodgkin’s lymphoma (cHL) treatment in Novosibirsk in real-world clinical practice.
Materials & Methods. The study enrolled 408 cHL patients treated and followed-up at the hematological unit of the Novosibirsk Municipal Clinical Hospital No. 2 from January 2008 to December 2021. The median age of patients was 33 years (range 26–44 years). Among them 223 (54.7 %) female and 185 (45.3 %) male patients. There were more patients with cHL stages III (n = 103; 25.2 %) and IV (n = 120; 29.4 %) than with stage II, which was identified in 185 (45.4 %) patients. ABVD regimen was administered to 132 (32.3 %) patients, 47 (11.5 %) patients received ABVD escalated to BEACOPP. BEACOPP therapy was performed in 229 (56.2 %) patients. Subsequent radiotherapy was assigned to 202 (49.5 %) patients. Second-line therapy was required by 89 (21.8 %) patients with relapsed and resistant cHL.
Results. The 10-year overall survival (OS) was 81 %, and the 5-year OS was 91 %. Similar progression-free survival (PFS) rates were 86 % and 77 %, respectively. The 10-year PFS in patients with stage II was 87 %, while in patients with stages II (mediastinal bulky mass), III and IV, it was only 69 % (p = 0.002). The 10-year OS in patients with localized stages was 91 %, and in patients with generalized stages it was 79 % (p = 0.0006). The 10-year OS in patients less than 45 years of age was 88 %, and in patients more than 45 years of age it was 69 %. The 10-year PFS in patients less than 45 years of age was 84 %, and in the older age group it was 60 % (p = 0.001).
Conclusion. The study results demonstrate high rates of long-term survival of cHL patients and are well comparable with the data of other study groups. Nevertheless, scientific research should be continued to develop optimal risk-adapted programs of cHL chemotherapy and to define further prospects for improving the treatment outcomes of this malignant tumor.