bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The fine structure of Brunner's glands in the rabbit
Authors: Leeson C. Roland , Leeson Thomas S. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe fine structure of the duodenal glands of Brunner in the rabbit has been examined. The glands, which are concentrated within the submucosa, are composed of tubules that open into the bases of the intestinal glands. Unlike most species, in the rabbit two distinct cell types are present within the tubules. Serous cells, which occur in small groups in the blind endings to the tubules, contain a concentration of ergastoplasm in the basal cytoplasm and the apical cytoplasm is occupied principally by discrete secretory droplets. Intercellular secretory canaliculi occur between opposed serous cells and between serous and mucous cells. The latter cells possess little ergastoplasm but exhibit an extensive development of the Golgi apparatus in the supranuclear region. Secretory droplets are pale and show a tendency to fuse into complexes. No intercellular canaliculi occur between mucous cells.The cytological features are discussed in relation to previous observations on duodenal glands of other species, where only mucous cells are present. It is apparent that there are species differences with regard to mucous cells. These structural differences may reflect physiological and biochemical differences in the glands. The significance of the presence of serous cells in rabbit duodenal glands is unknown.
An analysis of the growth retarding effects of trypan blue in the albino rats
Authors: Jensh Ronald P. , Brent Robert L. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractA laparotomy was performed on 74 pregnant Wistar rats after eight days of gestation and injection with trypan blue, normal rabbit serum, or sterile saline. Also, a laparotomy was performed on a control group which received no injections. After 21 days of pregnancy, the rats were sacrificed and the fetuses and their placentae removed, weighed individually, and then fixed in Bouin's fixative. All fetuses were dissected and examined for abnormalities. Several analyses of variances and a paired t‐test were completed to determine if fetal growth was retarded in the abnormal fetuses. Fetuses in each experimental group were also separated into weight classes as determined by Sturge's Law for class intervals. It was shown that in inbred colonies the timing of the pregnancy, litter size, and maternal factors cannot be neglected. The results indicate that: (1) Trypan blue exerts a definite growth retarding effect on rat fetuses; (2) The weights of malformed fetuses are significantly reduced; (3) The mean term fetal weight of the normal fetuses that were exposed to trypan blue is not significantly different from the mean weight of the control normal fetuses; (4) The mean weight of the abnormal fetuses that were exposed to trypan blue is significantly less than that of the control normal fetuses as well as the normal fetuses treated with trypan blue; (5) There is no weight threshold below which all fetuses are abnormal and above which all fetuses are normal.
The effect of Steroids on mitosis and maintenance of pregnancy in spayed rats
Authors: Kim Yong Jim , Foreman Darhl 
Published: February 2005

AbstractRats were ovariectomized on the eighth day of pregnancy and either 10 or 20 mg of progesterone, 10 mg of progesterone with 1 μg estradiol benzoate or 1 μg estradiol benzoate alone were administered between the eighth and twelfth day. On the twelfth day tritiated thymidine was injected to study mitoses in the junctional zone cells of the placenta by autoradiography, and tracings of spontaneous uterine contractions were made. Twenty milligrams of progesterone daily sustained pregnancy to the twelfth day in spayed rats as effectively as it was sustained in the untreated normal rats; 10 mg progesterone daily was less effective and 10 mg progesterone with 1 μg estradiol benzoate did not maintain normal pregnancy. Progesterone produced normal rates of mitosis in the placental trophoblast cells of spayed rats. No correlation was found between the maintenance of pregnancy and decreased contractions of the myometrium in this study. The injection of 20 mg progesterone produced patterns of contraction similar to the normal contraction patterns and differing from those found in spayed rats and in rats injected with 10 mg progesterone, progesterone and estradiol benzoate or estradiol benzoate alone. It is concluded that a sufficient supply of progesterone maintains both normal mitotic activity in the trophoblastic cells and normal patterns of contraction by the muscle of the uterus.
Diprosopus and related cephalic malformations in a calf
Authors: Jenkins Thomas W. , Hardy Phillip H. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe head of a young calf with diprosopus (two faces) and related cephalic malformations was dissected and grossly studied. The head was removed, preserved with 10% formalin, and the cephalic vessels were doubly injected with latex.The related outstanding cephalic abnormalities were: four eyes (tetrophthalmus) with the two adjacent eyes and orbits fused into a single median one; a large domeshaped head, characteristic of hydrocephalus; two mouths, each with a tongue, both of which protruded and retracted simultaneously; two cleft palates; duplication of the brain from the rostral end caudally to the mesencephalo‐metencephalic junction with each side of the brain containing a pituitary gland, paired cerebral peduncles, and an aberrant circulus arteriosus (circle of Willis). There were four olfactory bulbs and optic nerves, but only three oculomotor and abducens nerves. The aberrant median third and sixth cranial nerves were interpreted to be a fusion of the two adjacent nerves if duplication had been complete.Diprosopus is classified as a form of anterior twinning. The anterior brain duplication probably is referable to a doubling of the cephalic end of the neural tube followed by a diverging migration of the two frontal poles so that these areas finally are located at opposite lateral sides of the skull. The degree of neural tube duplication determines the extent of brain duplication.
The intertubular cleft and membranous whorl in the rabbit placenta
Authors: Sinha Akhouri A. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe chorio‐allantoic placenta of the rabbit is of the labyrinthine hemodichorial type where the outer trophoblastic layer next to the maternal blood space is syncytial and the inner is cellular. The syncytium has thick and thin areas. It is at the thick areas that the trophoblast from either side of the maternal blood tubule encloses a narrow intertubular cleft which has numerous interdigitating microvilli and desmosomes. Intravenously injected thorotrast (an electron dense particle) and maternal plasma readily enter the intertubular cleft. Along the intertubular cleft numerous caveolae, arrays of rough endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria are present in the syncytium suggesting that the clefts are areas in which fluid and certain metabolites are absorbed. The agranular membranous whorls are found in the syncytial thick areas. They enclose central or eccentric masses of lipid droplets. Small whorls are found during early pregnancy; smaller and larger ones, however, are found from midpregnancy to term. The whorls progressively increase in size as pregnancy advances. Membranes of the whorl and the rough endoplasmic reticulum are interrelated and contiguous.
A radioautographic comparison of glycerol‐H3 and galactose‐H3 uptake during intestinal glyceride synthesis
Authors: Jersild Ralph A. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractRadioautography was used to compare the in vivo incorporation of glycerol‐H3 and galactose‐H3 in intestinal absorptive cells in relation to glyceride synthesis. Each labeled compound was injected, either singly or mixed with linoleic acid chyme, directly into ligated segments of rat upper jejunum. The segments were removed at 5 and 20 minutes and prepared for light and electron microscopic radioautography. Following glycerol‐H3 and chyme injections, label is rapidly incorporated in the vicinity of newly formed fat droplets in the apical endoplasmic reticulum. Later, labeled droplets accumulate in dilated Golgi cisternae and intercellular spaces. Galactose label is initially found in the Golgi region and later in the apical cytoplasm. Glycerol labeling is considerably reduced in the cells when the fat is extracted prior to radioautography, or when glycerol alone is absorbed. Galactose labeling is not affected by these procedures. The results indicate a significant incorporation of glvcerol label into newly synthesized glycerides, as previously also shown for glucose label. Galactose label follows a different metabolic pathway not related to glyceride synthesis.
A histochemical study of neuro‐insular complexes in the pancreas of the rat
Authors: Morgan Carl R. , Lobl Richard T. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractNeuro‐insular complexes (neural elements in juxtaposition to islet cells of the pancreas) were studied in Holtzman albino rats.Pancreases were stained by either the aldehyde‐fuchsin‐ponceau (A‐F‐P) or the acetylcholinesterase (ACHE) technique. The A‐F‐P stain gave good definition of islet structure. Although some nerve cell bodies were distinguishable with this stain, the AChE technique gave better definition of nerve cells, including interstitial cells of Cajal.In adult rats every islet examined had a nerve network. In newborns the nerve network was less apparent though some nerve elements were present. A nerve network typical of the adult was found in rats 48 hours after birth.Following insulin and glucose loading, variation in the localization of AChE was noted. It is suggested that neuro‐insular complexes have a modulatory influence on release of hormones.
Central projections of selected spinal dorsal roots in anuran amphibians
Authors: Joseph Barry S. , Whitlock David G. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe total central distribution of single brachial or lumbar dorsal roots has been assessed in toad (Bufo marinus) and in frog (Rana catesbeiana). Two methods were employed to examine the afferent fibers. The uranyl nitrate modification of the Nauta method (Nauta, '66) was used to study degenerating elements resulting from single root transection. A radioautographic tracing technique was also employed to examine the distribution of essentially normal afferent fibers. This latter method involved local injection of small amounts of L‐leucine‐H3 into a single ganglion of otherwise intact nerves and subsequent determination of location of the incorporated label in the CNS. The distribution was ascertained by counting silver grains microscopically in radioautographs of the CNS for standard sized areas. The results obtained by either method essentially were identical. All dorsal root projections are distributed unilaterally within the CNS. Fibers passed into a dorsolateral bundle and into the dorsal column. Collaterals from the dorsal column passed into the dorsal and intermediate gray matter, but no primary afferent fibers distributed within the ventral horn. Both brachial and lumbar roots distributed segmentally over approximately five spinal segments. Root fibers coursed rostrally in a somatotopically organized dorsal column. This pathway ultimately passed into the cerebellum. Some evidence was obtained in support of a dorsal column‐medial lemniscal relay in anuran amphibians.
The variations in length of the pterygoid process as a function of the variations of the sphenoid angle
Authors: Vidić Branislav 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe variation in the length of the pterygoid process was studied as a function of the sphenoid angle. Three hundred human skulls and ten skulls of certain animals (dog, sheep, pig, ox, horse) were appropriately measured. The length of the pterygoid process (lateral plate), was measured in all instances from the point of junction between the lamina and the greater wing of the sphenoid to the midpoint of the lower margin of the lamina. The average value of this dimension in man was 34.7 mm with variations from 28.0 mm to 44.5 mm.The average value of the length of the pterygoid process was found separately in male and female skulls; in different age groups; in skulls with narrow versus wide sphenoid angle; in skulls possessing a short versus a long nasion — basion distance. In each instance the values are compared and the standard deviation ascertained. The results of measurements made in man and animals are presented in a table.
The hepatic lobules of Suidae, Tayassuidae, and Hippopotamidae
Authors: Steiner Paul E. , Ratcliffe H. L. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe hepatic lobules of the family Suidae are unusually large, completely surrounded by fibrous tissue, and supplied by relatively large branches of the hepatic artery. The interlobular septa carry small branches of the artery, vein and bile ducts of the adjacent portal tracts and may be regarded as attenuated extensions of the portal tracts. The hepatic lobules of Tayassuidae and Hippopotamidae lack these distinctive features.
The geometry of the human cerebellar vermis
Authors: Turner R. S. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractSome general statements concerning the overall geometry of the cerebellar vermis are presented as a preliminary step in the theoretical analysis of its morphology. From a large number of measurements made on a sample of 30 human cerebella the following relationships may be demonstrated: (1) the mean outline of superimposed sagittal sections through the mid‐vermis fits very closely the curve

(2) the relation of the total circumference (y) of individual lobes or of the entire vermis to a measurement of the outside (visible) perimeter (x) is shown to be fitted almost exactly by the equation y = ax2; (3) the relation of total circumference to outside perimeter in the rat and the cat is found to be constant during development; (4) in the human arbor vitae the relation of the width of the “trunk” to the sum of the widths of bifurcating branches is seen to be linear with a slope, in the midline, of approximately one; (5) no simple relationship could be ascertained in teh arbor vitae between angles of branching and widths of branches or trunks.
A histochemical study of the aryl sulfatases of the rat placenta
Authors: Bulmer D. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractA histochemical study was made of the nitrocatechol sulfatase activity in the rat placenta and metrial gland by the lead salt technique. Marked deposits of reaction product were demonstrated in the uterine epithelium and the granulated metrial gland cells. Diffuse reactions occurred in the visceral endoderm of the yolk sac and the trophoblastic gint cells in material fixed overnight, but with fixation in formalin for seven days these were replaced by discrete granular deposits. The reactions appear to be due to type II sulfatases. They have a distribution similar to that of β‐glucuronidase and organophosphate‐resistant esterase, except that the metrial gland cell sulfatase activity becomes reduced in late gestation and the early postpartum period. The postcoupling method with 6‐benzol‐2‐naphthyl sulfate, which demonstrates mainly sulfatase C, gives a differing distribution from the lead salt technique, and the reaction is almost completely abolished by prolonged formalin fixation.
The ovary of the sea otter
Authors: Sinha Akhouri A. , Conaway C. H. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe ovarian histology of 140 sea otters (4 juvenile and 136 sexually mature) is described. Multilayered germinal epithelium occurs in thickened areas on the ovarian surface and in fissures which are simple or complexly branched. Occasionally an epithelial tube extends from the fissure into the cortex. Typically a single Graafian follicle reaches the prevulatory stage while others become atretic. Interstitial gland cells of theca interna origin are abundant and apparently secretory during estrus. The corpus luteum of preimplantation pregnancy has a medium to large antrum which is obliterated by the time the blastocyst implants. During delayed implantation, the luteal cells progressively hypertrophy and by the time of implantation they are polygonal with a uniformly granular, nonvacuolated cytoplasm. Following implantation, many small secondary cavities or spaces are observed in the corpus. Subsequently, they coalesce to form larger ones. These cavities are strikingly well developed during mid gestation. After parturition, the corpus luteum degenerates rapidly. A corpus albicans persists for at least two years before blending with the stroma.
Early changes in diet‐induced fatty livers of Mice
Authors: Wilson Jack L. , Ashburn Allen D. , Williams W. Lane 
Published: February 2005

AbstractMice (Taconic Swiss) were fed a high‐fat (28% lard), low‐protein (8% casein), lipotropic‐deficient diet for 1–90 days. For 21 days parenchymal liposis was greatest in peripheral and outer middle zones of the lobule. During 21–90 days fat increased in central and middle zones and decreased in peripheral zones.Ceroid pigment developed in Kupffer cells within 12 days. During 31–45 days Kupffer cells coalesced and formed large ceroid globules which increased in size and number during the 46–90 day period. A reticular fibrosis surrounded the masses of ceroid.As early as seven days stromal distortion consisting chiefly of compression of reticulum by fat laden hepatocytes was prominent in peripheral lobular zones. Sinusoids were also obstructed and dilated by this process. Some became non‐functional and were transformed to fibrous cords. With progressive liposis (after 30 days) irregular stromal changes developed in all zones of lobules.
Direct action upon avian target organs by the antiandrogen cyproterone acetate
Authors: Wollman Arthur L. , Hamilton James B. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractAt ten days of age, intact male chicks had significantly larger combs than intact female chicks. Castration at four days of age eliminated the sex difference in growth of the comb. Growth of the comb, as a result of the secretion of endogenous androgens by the testes, was inhibited by inunction of the comb with small dosages of cyproterone acetate (Cyp A).Combs of other chicks were divided surgically into posterior and anterior portions of equal weight, thus providing two separate androgenic target organs in the same animal. The local action of Cyp A was investigated by inunction of this compound on the anterior or the posterior portion of the comb, along with simultaneous application of testosterone propionate to both portions. Small dosages of Cyp A antagonized the effect of androgen on the portion of the comb inuncted with Cyp A without affecting growth of the other target organ in the same animal. It was concluded that Cyp A exerted antiandrogenic actions directly upon target organs and was effective topically in doses too small to act systemically.The posterior portion of the comb, in comparison with the anterior, was more responsive both to the androgen and to the antiandrogen.
A quantitative study on the Vasa nervorum in the ulnar nerve of cats
Authors: Marcarian Heront Q. , Smith R. Dale 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe sources of blood supply to the ulnar nerves of 15 cats were determined by latex and Pelikan India Ink injections and a quantitative account was given of the numbers and internal diameters of blood vessels in the nerves. The following conclusions were drawn:

The proximal portion of the ulnar nerve usually receives its blood supply from the brachial artery. Proximal to the olecranon, the nerve is supplied by the ulnar collateral artery whereas immediately distal to the olecranon the nerve is always supplied by the recurrent ulnar artery. The palmar and dorsal cutaneous branches of the ulnar nerve receive their arterial supply from the ulnar artery.
The geatest number of blood vessels is located in the middle portion of the nerve with a mean of 313 blood vessels one centimeter proximal to the olecranon and a mean of 322 vessels one centimeter distal to the olecranon. The smallest number of blood vessels is in the dorsal cutaneous nerve with a mean of 140 vessels.
The internal diameter of the intrinsic vasa nervosa ranged between 2.7 and 51.8 μ. Approximately 92% of the blood vessels have an internal diameter of less than 10 μ.
The ratio of blood vessels to myelinated nerve fibers is fairly constant at about 1:25 for all levels of the ulnar nerve.
Changes in pituitary‐gonadal interrelations during perinatal days in the rat
Authors: Eguchi Yasunobu , Morikawa Yoshio 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe reciprocal relation between the pituitary and the gonads in perinatal rats was studied by gravimetric or volumetric measurements of gonads and by estimations of the collective volume of Leydig cells by the method of Chalkley ('43).Hypophysectomy of a 20‐day‐old male fetus by decapitation caused two days later a retardation of the testicular growth and a fall of the collective volume of Leydig cells, these effects being prevented by injected GTH. Testosterone prevented somewhat the retardation but did not prevent the change in Leydig cells. The collective volume of Leydig cells fell sharply just after birth and this fall was overcome with injected GTH. In fetuses unilateral castration caused some enlargement of the remaining testis, but in newborn rats such change did not occur. These observations suggest that the pituitary governs largely the Leydig cells before birth and reduces its LH activity after birth.The fetal ovaries were not affected by decapitation or decapitation and GTH injection and the newborn ovaries were not modified by injected GTH. In an extra uterine parabiosis of a decapitated male and an intact female fetus, the testes failed to gain weight, although the adrenals grew normally. These observations suggest that the female pituitary during late fetal and early postnatal days has no gonad‐stimulating activity.
Effect of steroids on thymus lymphoid development in vitro
Authors: Sidky Younan A. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe effect of some steroids on the lymphoid differentiation of embryonic mouse thymus glands was studied. Most of the adrenal cortex hormones tested could inhibit lymphoid differentiation when applied in low concentrations to prelymphoid 13‐day glands. The most effective was corticosterone. Careful washing of the affected glands allowed them to develop normally into lymphoid organs. The application of a high dose of corticosterone produced an effect not reversed by thorough washing. Such permanently affected glands were restituted to lymphoid organs by fusion with 13 or 15‐day embryonic mouse liver or with 15‐day spleen. Lymphoid glands were much less sensitive to low concentrations of corticosterone than the prelymphoid glands. The same concentration of corticosterone was more toxic to more advanced fetal glands. The sex hormones tested were practically ineffective at comparatively high doses; very high concentrations were toxic however.Basophilic cells normally found in 12 and 13‐day embryonic thymus glands disappeared after corticosterone treatment even in glands which were still potentially capable of lymphoid differentiation suggesting that these cells are not stem cells.