bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Restoring Well Integrity on a Damaged Wellhead: Lessons Learned in an Unconventional Intervention
Authors: Baig Umair Ahmed , Al Mohammad Mohammad , Khamis Al Samahi Musabbeh , Abu Aisha Mohamed , Abdulla Al Mutawa Ahmed , Levison Mwansa Peter 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
While performing a mast-up rig move on a recently completed well, the spreader beam of the substructure hit the X-mass Tree (Christmas tree), which in turn caused the X-mass tree and the wellhead to tilt by 21 degrees. Due to the visible damage to the wellhead and tree, as well as the unseen damage to all the tubulars downhole, an unconventional approach was required to intervene and remediate this well so that the operator could proceed with either restoring the well or going for a Plug and Abandon (P&A) option.
The primary stage of operations was to assess the damage inflicted, which revealed that the crossover that connects the casing hanger to the 13-3/8″ casing, had been bent due to the impact. It was imperative to make the Christmas tree and Wellhead assembly vertical before conducting any operations. The assembly was anchored on the traveling block, and then a horizontal force was applied to restore the wellhead to a vertical position. To ensure tubing accessibility, a gauge cutter run was performed; however, it could not pass through the bent area, which was just below the tubing hanger.
To perform any remedial/intervention operations the first and foremost step was to fabricate a support structure to be able to bear the axial weight of Blow Out Preventers (BOP) since the wellhead was already damaged. The tubing was recovered by mechanically backing it off and pulling it out of hole. While pulling out the tubing to surface, it was discovered that the tubing was damaged as well due to the impact. The casing was then assessed for any damage, and the Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) were engaged to determine the mechanical properties of the casing for any further production from this well. A dedicated bit trip followed by a Polish mill was performed to check for any damage caused to the 7″ casing caused by the incident. Complete casing integrity was restored, and a new completion was installed to bring the well back online.
The innovative ideas used to restore the well's integrity and return it to production could serve as a case study for future wells that face the unexpected scenario of the x-mas tree or wellhead tilting and bending the casing and tubing strings. Rather than abandoning the well, the lesson learned in this case can be applied to recover such wells and produce from them.
Improved Well Integrity Using a Novel Fluid Technology to Overcome Large Fracture Networks and Permeable Formations
Authors: Shine J. M. , Sowailem A. , Gbemiga I. , Bermudez F. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
It is common to hear of lost circulation and well integrity together when discussing well construction risks. Normally, it is difficult to achieve well integrity unless curing losses prior to or during cement placement allowing achievement of the isolation requirements. Losses, especially in carbonate formations, can result from fracture networks or naturally permeable formations which can be challenging to consolidate and restore the wellbore circulation. The deployment of a novel fluid technology shows success across challenging lost circulation zones where similar technologies show unfavorable results. The paper discusses the technology evolution, performance, and results from field evaluation.
Repurposing of Hydrocarbon Pipelines for CO2 Injection in CCS Project – Can it be Done?
Authors: Lam C. M. , Kuanji J. J. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The company is embarking on Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) by injecting CO2 into depleted offshore gas reservoir located in the east coast of the Malaysia Peninsular, as part of the CO2 Decarbonization to achieve Net Zero Carbon Emissions (NZCE) by 2050. One of the main scopes is to evaluate the technical feasibility and viability to repurpose the existing hydrocarbon pipelines for CO2 transportation. This paper aims to share our experiences and the challenges we faced to determine the possibility of utilizing existing hydrocarbon pipelines for CO2 transportation.
The pipelines have been in operation for 41 years and have exceeded their design life. This necessitates the Asset Life Extension Study (ALES) to ascertain whether these pipelines can still be operated for another 20 years based on the CCS CO2 injection design life. Following the outcome of the ALES study, inspection and maintenance scopes have been identified to be conducted to ascertain pipeline integrity. Once these have been done, the pipelines will undergo technical assessments and evaluations to establish the integrity, criteria, and operating envelope for the purpose of CO2 transportation for injection.
Through various integrated multi-disciplinary workshops held internally utilizing the company's subject matter experts, the followings detail out of the key technical considerations to repurpose the pipelines for CO2 transportation: (1) Pipeline integrity assessment, taking into account current and future operating conditions, as well as Running Ductile Fracture and propagation control. (2) Corrosion assessment and corrosion inhibitor in high CO2 environment. (3) Non-metallic elastomer requalification. (4) Hydraulic analysis including pipeline capacity, phase behavior, and CO2 quality. (5) Process flow assurance study and thermodynamics modeling. (6) Safety evaluation workshop addressing the safety requirements due to CO2 transport.
All studies are taking place concurrently and pending completion, with the aim of establishing the Fitness for Service (FFS) for these repurpose pipelines. CCS CO2 injection project is CAPEX intensive, therefore the possibility of repurposing existing hydrocarbon pipelines for CO2 transportation offers an attractive opportunity to offset some of the high investment cost required.
Key Technologies and Solutions to Manage Risks and Overcome the Deepwater Challenges in an Integrated Services Project in the Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Davila Andres Nunez , Lopez Juan Ramon , Rossi Lucas , Lin Emily , Giam David , Widhihabsari Martha , Hill Jesse , Jackson Richard , Basso Miguel , Jaimes Juan Pablo , Bouguetta Mario 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The deepwater environment is traditionally characterized by high operating costs, making any operational savings extremely valuable when facilitating project development and execution. In a highly volatile oil price environment and while under a long-term commercial relationship, a new strategy was implemented to achieve performance optimization and time reduction. This strategy aimed to attain high efficiency and consistency through the application of an integrated services performance and reward model. The core objective of integrated services projects is to generate synergies for further project optimization, while the goal of a reward model is to promote the utilization of diverse technologies to manage risks and minimize the occurrence of undesirable events. In this paper we aim to describe how various technologies and digital solutions can be integrated to serve risk management endeavors, optimize performance, and meet project-specific needs.
The integrated services performance and reward model was designed based on three components: project success criteria, historical nonproductive time (NPT), and key performance indicators (KPIs). Major technologies were evaluated and selected in accordance with the project requirements. Digital solutions were implemented to establish a performance baseline, assist in defining the planned time, and assess project-related risks. Critical tasks involved not only planning but also monitoring the results and comparing them to the KPIs, as well as identifying instances of invisible lost time. In the Gulf of Mexico, characterized by narrow operating windows and frequent lost circulation events, continuous monitoring and control of drilling fluid properties are mandatory, supported by the implementation of digital and automated solutions. In addition, key technologies were introduced for formation characterization and further area development.
Geopolymer for Oilfield Application: Scaling Up Laboratory Test to Yard Test
Authors: Sazali Y. A. , Medvedev A. , Yakovlev, A. , Riyanto L. , Ebining M. S. , Rahman S. H. , Zulkarnain N. N. , Kumar A. K. , Lau C. H. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The present paper describes applicability of geopolymers to oilfield use. As a completely new system in oilfield, one of the main concerns about geopolymer was compatibility with oilfield equipment. It is known that geopolymer system differs from a conventional cement by a composition of base fluid and a mixing order which leads to a question of capability of existing cementing equipment to handle the geopolymer slurries. In order to validate mixability and pumpability of geopolymer slurry, a yard test had been conducted in order to test geopolymer formulations with two densities, 15 and 16.5 pgg. The yard test proved that the geopolymer system could be mixed and pumped using conventional equipment in the batch mixing as well as in the on-the-fly pumping regimes. During the yard test the geopolymer formulations were pumped with a rate up to 6 bbl/min. Results showed that special attention should be paid to a base fluid preparation and HSE aspects of the mixing and pumping process. The articles discuss practical recommendation about geopolymer preparation and pumping.
For the first time it was demonstrated that geopolymer systems could be mixed and pumped using conventional cementing equipment. All mixed geopolymer slurries tested according to the API RP 10B standard and demonstrated acceptable properties, including rheology, thickening time, compressive strength and fluid loss. In addition to that the paper suggests the draft of the quality control procedure for geopolymers used in oilfield.
Large Language Models (LLMs) for Natural Language Processing (NLP) of Oil and Gas Drilling Data
Authors: Kumar Prateek , Kathuria Sanjay 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In the oil and gas industry, drilling activities spawn substantial volumes of unstructured textual data. The examination and interpretation of these data pose significant challenges. This research exploits the emerging capabilities of large language models (LLMs) with over 100 billion parameters to extract actionable insights from raw drilling data. Through fine-tuning methodologies and the use of various prompt engineering strategies, we addressed several text downstream tasks, including summarization, classification, entity recognition, and information extraction. This study delves into our methods, findings, and the novel application of LLMs for efficient and precise analysis of drilling data.
Pushing the Limits of Multi Port Open Hole Completions to Maximize Hydraulic Fractures
Authors: Rahim Zillur , Watson Mark , Wilson Stuart 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
For the optimization of hydrocarbon recovery, tight and moderately tight gas reservoirs generally require hydraulic fracturing to connect the reservoir with the well and ascertain long-term sustained production. The open hole multistage fracturing completions (OHMSF) technology has become a game-changer to enhance production and optimize fracture placement. The open-hole sections allow the entire reservoir section to stay in contact with the wellbore at all times, while different segments of the completion assembly are equipped with isolation packers and fracturing ports and nozzles through which independent hydraulic fractures are initiated in stages and propagated in the reservoir. Throughout the years, OHMSF completion assemblies have gone through important upgrades and customization as functions of reservoir properties and well trajectories, and have proven to be one of the most cost-effective, efficient, and result-oriented technologies applied in the oil and gas industry.
Identification of Potential Aquifer Recharge Sites for CO2 Storage in the Sinu-San Jacinto Basin in Colombia
Authors: Rojas-Barrientos Juan-Camilo 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The leakage of carbon dioxide in geological storage sites is one of the main risks in carbon capture and storage (CCS) projects. Potential CCS sites in the subsurface rely on hydraulic barriers to prevent migration of stored CO2. In addition, CCS sites rely on rocks that can form stable carbonates saturated with water and in the presence of captured CO2, ensuring long-term storage. Aquifer recharge zones are areas on the Earth's surface through which water infiltrates into the subsurface. The flow of water from the surface to the subsurface helps maintain pressure in the aquifer, acting as a hydraulic barrier between the recharge zone and a potential CO2 storage site. This article aims to identify possible CO2 storage sites in aquifer recharge zones in the Sinu-San Jacinto sedimentary basin in Colombia. Potential CO2 storage zones were identified through spatial processing in a geographic information system (GIS), using a digital elevation model (DEM), available geological mapping, and land cover information. The results were compared with the aquifer recharge zone map of Colombia to identify potential CO2 storage sites.
Minimal catalytic assemblies can demonstrate periodic (dis)assembly cycles in a closed system utilizing feedback loops
Authors: Reja Antara , Jha Sangam , Pal Sumit , Bal Subhajit , Das Dibyendu 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The light-dark cycles created from Earth’s rotation helped in the emergence of extant cellular life that integrates evolved oscillatory networks to control circadian rhythms, cell division, metabolism and so forth. Out of equilibrium networks of organic chemical reactions with dynamic self-assembled structures that emerged from Darwin’s nutrient-rich warm pond played crucial roles in spawning the protolife under a fluctuating environmental condition. Construction of chemical networks from simple chemicals that can display emergent network dynamics can contribute to our understanding of complex behaviours from simple organic reactions. Here we have designed single amino acid/dipeptide based systems that could demonstrate multiple periodic changes of (dis) assembly under non-equilibrium conditions in closed system, importantly in the absence of evolved biocatalysts. The two-component based building block exploited pH driven non-covalent assembly and time-delayed accelerated catalysis from self-assembled state to install orthogonal feedback loops with a single batch of reactants. Modifications of these autonomous systems from purely synthetic molecules can enable the design of exceptional life-like materials and evolving systems with acute spatiotemporal control of properties.
Genetically modified MSCs into neuraland endothelial cell-like cells inducedby a branched peptide amphiphile hydrogel
Authors: Yin Peiyi , Li Yixiu , Zhou Tiantian , Wu Kai , song yulin 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background： Spinal cord injury (SCI) remain one of the great clinical challenges because of their considerable long-term disability potential. In this study, A branched amphiphilic peptide (B-PA) segments were constructed and self-assembled into hydrogels to support bone marrow derived mesenchymal stromal cells (BMSCs) encoding Recombinant Rat VEGF165（VEGF165）, neurotrophins-3(NT-3)and angiopoietin-1(ANG-1) genes. In addition, B-PAS promoted the transdifferentiation of BMSCs into nerve and vascular endothelial cells.
Methods：Self-assembly of b-PA into a nanofiber hydrogel was triggered by the culture medium and analysed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Rat BMSCs were cultivated using the differential adhesion method and assessed by flow cytometry. Cells were inoculated into the hydrogel and investigated using calcein-AM/PI, CCK-8, and cell adhesion assays. Cells transfected with adenoviral vectors of biocarrier (Adv-Bic) and adenoviral vectors of NT-3 gene (AdvNT-3) were cultured for 7 days and evaluated by immunofluorescence and real time quantitative reverse transcription-PCR.
Results：The molecular weight and purity of b-PA were 2191.72 and >95%, respectively. Self-assembled nanofibers had a diameter of 5-8 nm and a length ranging from hundreds of nanometres to micrometres. The resulting CD29+/44+ cells could differentiate into osteoblasts and fat cells, and the hydrogel supported cell growth, proliferation and adhesion. Cells in the hydrogel overexpressed VEGF165, NT-3 and Ang-1, and NSE and Nestin markers of CD31+/34+ cells were also abundant.
Conclusions： The hydrogel has potential as a tissue engineering scaffold with good cytocompatibility, and can induce genetically modified BMSCs to transdifferentiate into neural and endothelial cell (EC)-like cells. The article have selected preprint on the research platform, this article has been assigned a DOI, The DOI is:10.21203/rs.3.rs-1822746/v1.
Safety and Efficacy of Dexmedetomidine Nasal Spray for Pre-anaesthetic Sedation in Children: A Randomised, Double-Blinded, and Placebo-Controlled Trial
Authors: Gao Jia , Wang Fang , Wang Xiaoling , Zou Xiaohua , Liu Hua-cheng , Song Xingrong , Chai Xiaoqing , Jiang Rong , Zhao Ping , Zhang Jiaqiang , Wang Sai-ying , Ma Haichun , Zhao Zhibin , Wang Quanren , Zhou Na , Bai Jianling , Zhang Jianmin 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background
Off-label intranasal administration of dexmedetomidine injection has been widely applied in the pediatric sedation setting. We developed a dexmedetomidine nasal spray for pediatric pre-anaesthetic sedation.
Objective
To evaluate the pre-anaesthetic sedation efficacy and safety of the dexmedetomidine nasal spray in children.
Methods
Subjects between 2 and 6 years who were to undergo selective surgery were randomized to receive dexmedetomidine nasal spray or placebo in a 2:1 ratio. The dosage was 30 µg or 50 µg based on the body weight. The primary outcome measure was the proportion of subjects who achieved successful child-parent separation and were with Ramsay scale ≥ 3 within 45 min after administration. Secondary outcome measures included the proportions of subjects reaching successful parental separation, with Ramsay scale ≥ 3 at least once and UMSS ≥ 2 at least once within 45 min after administration, and the time from administration to the first time reaching Ramsay scale ≥ 3 and UMSS ≥ 2,. Safety was monitored via the assessments of adverse events, blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate and blood oxygen saturation.
Results
The proportion of subjects achieving successful parental separation and with Ramsay scale ≥ 3 within 45 min after administration was significantly higher in the dexmedetomidine group (94.4%) vs the placebo group (32.0%) (P < 0.0001). As compared with placebo, dexmedetomidine treatment led to more subjects achieving Ramsay scale ≥ 3 or UMSS ≥ 2, and shorter time to reach successful parental separation, Ramsay scale ≥ 3 and UMSS ≥ 2 (all P < 0.0001). Adverse events were reported in 90.7% and 84.0% of subjects in the dexmedetomidine and placebo groups, respectively, and all the events were mild or moderate in severity.
Conclusions
Dexmedetomidine nasal spray presented effective pre-anaesthetic sedation in children with a favorable safety profile.
Trial registration:
Clinicaltrials.gov, identifier: NCT05111431(First registration date: 20/10/2021)
Characteristics of patients who died in the Hospital Emergency Service during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: a retrospective cohort study in a tertiary hospital in Spain.
Authors: González Iria Sanlés , Abejez Laura Grimal , Muñoz Judith Serrat , Boter Neus Robert , Egea Antonia Segura , Molas Anna Carreres , Valle Héctor Alonso , Molero Jessica Alonso , Dierssen-Sotos Trinidad , Gómez-Acebo Inés 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Objective:
The objective of this study is to analyze the characteristics of patients who died in the Hospital Emergency Department (HED) of a Spanish third-level hospital, with a special focus on those who died due to SARS-CoV-2.
Methods:
A retrospective cohort study was conducted, including all patients over 18 years old who died in the Hospital Emergency Department (HED) of a Spanish third-level hospital located in Badalona, Spain, from June 2019 to December 2020. Various sociodemographic, clinical, and diagnostic variables of the patients were analyzed to identify potential risk factors associated with mortality.
Results:
During the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, a total of 72 patients died in the HED, representing a 42% increase compared to the pre-pandemic period. Of the deceased patients, 11% were attributed to SARS-CoV-2. Furthermore, it was found that patients who died from SARS-CoV-2 during the first wave were significantly younger than those in the second wave, with an average age of 78.6 ± 3.1 years in the first wave and 91.8 ± 4.8 years in the second wave. No significant differences were found regarding gender or associated comorbidities.
Conclusions:
Overall, the mortality rate at the HED in relation to COVID-19 was low, and infected patients died at younger ages during the first wave compared to the second wave.
Characterization of Smallholder Irob Cattle Production System: Contributions to Develop a Breeding Program
Authors: Abraham Hagos 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

An exploratory survey (i) to study livestock production system, some reproductive and productive performance traits of cattle and (ii) to recognize constraints to cattle production was conducted using 120 farmers keeping indigenous Irob cattle breed in selected districts of Tigray, Ethiopia. For this study, six tabias (the smallest administrative unit consisting of several villages) were selected using purposive sampling method although households from each tabia were randomly selected. Mixed crop-livestock farming system dominates the study area. Overall herd size was 5.14 ± 2.68, with each herd comprising of 1.66 ± 1.18 cows, 1.42 ± 0.88 oxen, 0.46 ± 0.71 heifers, 0.45 ± 0.69 bulls and 1.15 ± 0.90 calves. Cattle are reared for various functions. The main reasons mentioned for cattle keeping are draught power (I = 0.43), milk production for home consumption (I = 0.32), income (I = 0.15), manure as fertilizer (I = 0.06) and crop threshing (I = 0.04). Major feed resources were natural pasture, crop residue and cactus pear (opuntia ficus-indica). Least squares means (± S.E) for age at first services (AFS), age at first calving (AFC), calving interval (CI), days open (DO), daily milk yield (DMY) and lactation length (LL) based on in-person survey was 28.26 ± 3.85 months, 37.39 ± 5.47 months, 15.53 ± 4.10 months, 6.54 ± 1.83 months, 1.72 ± 0.43 liters and 7.42 ± 1.99 months, respectively. However, performance traits considered were insignificantly (p > 0.05) differed between districts. Key cattle production constraints in order of significance as perceived by the respondents were feed shortage, disease and parasites incidence, absence of AI services, water scarcity and poor veterinary services. Hence, the study shown the worth of taking into account the production environment during developing breed improvement programs and recommends fit management system.