bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cognitive Impairment in Primary Open Angle Glaucoma: A Case Control Study
Authors: Garg Muskan , Midha Neha , Verma Rohit , Gupta Vivek , Angmo Dewang , Velpandian Thirumurthy , Maharana Prafulla Kumar , Satapathy Sujata , Sharma Namrata , Dada Tanuj 
Published: January 2025

Précis:
Cognitive impairment in multiple domains was observed in primary open angle glaucoma patients as compared to age and gender matched healthy controls.

Objective:
Evaluation of cognitive impairment in individuals with Primary Open Angle Glaucoma (POAG).

Methods:
In this case-control study, individuals with POAG (cases, n=70) were compared with age- and sex-matched healthy individuals (controls, n=70) using detailed ophthalmological evaluation, cognitive assessment and serum cortisol level. A multitude of tests were employed to comprehensively assess various domains of cognitive function: Addenbrooke Cognitive Examination (ACE-III; attention/orientation, memory, language, verbal fluency, and visuospatial skills), Post Graduate Institute Memory Scale (PGIMS; verbal and non verbal memory), Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST; nonverbal executive functions), Go No-Go task (GNG; inhibitory control), and Trail Making Test (TMT; attention and working memory).

Results:
Intraocular pressure and cup disc ratio were significantly higher (P <0.001) while retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) thickness and mean deviation were significantly lower in cases as compared to controls. Cases had significantly lower scores on ACE-III and PGIMS (P<0.001) and longer test completion time in TMT-A (P=0.001). The performance of cases was also significantly worse on most parameters of the WCST and GNG tasks. Serum cortisol level was significantly higher in cases (11.75±7.41 mcg/dl) compared to controls (7.93±2.39 mcg/dl; P=0.02). A significant correlation was observed between serum cortisol level and WCST correct response (P=0.04), WCST error response (P=0.002) and total time taken in TMT-A (P=0.03).Visual field mean deviation also exhibited a significant correlation with serum cortisol level (P<0.001) and total time taken on WCST (P=0.03) and TMT-A (P=0.03).

Conclusion:
Individuals with POAG exhibited higher cognitive impairment and raised serum cortisol levels than age-matched healthy controls. Early recognition and management of cognitive impairment are pivotal for enhancing the quality of life and implementing comprehensive glaucoma care.
Phenomenological Description of the Experiences of Teenagers With Critically Ill Parents
Authors: BARR Maya , THAKUR Aishwarya , THVAR Varun K. , DUPEE David , VASAN Nina 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Background
Critical illness not only threatens the life of the patient but also may profoundly impact the lives of their loved ones. For teenagers with a critically ill parent, these impacts may have significant, developmentally impactful effects. A descriptive understanding of these effects may advance scholarly understanding of the challenges these teenagers face.

Purpose
In this study, we sought to understand this overlooked population, i.e., teenagers with a critically ill parent, using a descriptive analysis of their experiences.

Methods
Individual and group interviews were conducted with the participants (n = 9). Interviewers presented standardized semistructured interview questions to all of the participants. The questions explored situational, emotional, relational, and dynamic phenomena related to the experience of having a critically ill parent.

Results
Themes describing the participants' lived experiences related to having a parent with a critical illness were examined using a three coding framework. Four themes emerged, including parental health interference on teenagers—fallout, worsening, and interference; emotional experience and how emotions were processed—emotions, cognitive strategies, and behavioral strategies; relationships with others—sharing feelings, company, and relationships; and information and secrecy—learning, secrecy, and history.

Conclusions/Implications for Practice
All of the teenagers in this study were found to suffer from both situational and emotional interference. Parentification, use of selective distraction as an emotion regulation skill, and reliance on support from others were also observed. These results shed light on the overall experience of teenagers who have a critically ill parent. The fallout effects of a parent's health can encompass situational, logistical, emotional, and relationship aspects. Importantly, attention must be paid to how teenagers cope with the emotions experienced during a parent's critical illness. This framework may inform how to more effectively support teenagers through strategies such as providing peer support opportunities.
Use of Job Exposure Matrices to Inform COVID-19 Vaccine Promotion among Non-Health care Workers in Chicago, Illinois
Authors: Lendacki Frances R. , Forst Linda , Mehta Supriya D. , Kerins Janna L. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND
Occupation, a risk factor for SARS-CoV-2 exposure, is excluded from immunization records. Identifying under-vaccinated workers could optimize interventions to protect vulnerable populations.

METHODS
We analyzed health department case interviews (June 2021-May 2022) to describe 3,763 non-health care workers with COVID-19 in Chicago. Job exposure matrices categorized SARS-CoV-2 exposure risk through frequency of indoor work, proximity to the public and to coworkers. Logistic regression quantified associations between occupational risk and vaccination status.

RESULTS
Pre-Omicron vaccination rates were lower among high-risk vs. lower-risk workers (41% vs. 49%). Post-Omicron rates did not differ (75%). Under-vaccinated groups had disproportionately high occupational risk: 66% of Black-non-Latinx, 57% of 18–29-year-olds. Demographically-adjusted models found no associations between occupational risk and vaccination.

CONCLUSIONS
Given demographic patterns of employment, workplace-based COVID-19 vaccine promotion can help reach under-vaccinated communities. To inform interventions, immunization records must include occupation.
Central arterial stiffness in young adults with perinatal HIV exposure & infection
Authors: Urbina Elaine M. , Yu Wendy , Williams Paige L. , Sawyer George , Van Dyke Russell , Colan Steven , Lipshultz Steven E. 
Published: January 2025

Objective:
To compare arterial stiffness between young adults with perinatally acquired HIV (YAPHIV) and young adults perinatally HIV exposed but uninfected (YAPHEU).

Design:
Cross-sectional analysis of pulse wave velocity (PWV) measures among participants with echocardiography in the PHACS Cardiac Toxicity Substudy.

Methods:
A total of 150 participants (95 YAPHIV, 55 YAPHEU, mean 23.4 years, 60% female, 72% Black, 24% Hispanic) had echocardiography and PWV measured. We compared PWV between groups. Among YAPHIV, we fit linear regression models to evaluate the association of measures of HIV disease severity and antiretroviral treatment (ART) with PWV. We computed correlations between PWV and measures of left ventricular structure and function.

Results:
Mean PWV did not differ by group (YAPHIV 5.63 vs YAPHEU 5.39 m/s; P = 0.50). HIV control was good (82% with viral load <400 copies/ml); 91% used combination ART. Mean PWV was normal, but 3 of 95 YAPHIV (3%) had values above 11.8 m/s (level associated with cardiovascular events in adults). Weak correlations (<0.20) were observed between PWV and echocardiographic measures. Among YAPHIV, current and historical HIV severity measures were not associated with PWV. YAPHIV on protease inhibitor (PI)-based ART had higher mean PWV than those on integrase strand inhibitors (1.68 m/s higher, 95% CI -0.36, 3.72) or nonnucleoside transcriptase inhibitors (1.58 m/s higher, 95% CI −0.94, 4.11).

Conclusions:
Our data shows no difference in PWV between those perinatally exposed to and perinatally infected with HIV. Therefore, CV risk reduction guidelines should be followed to prevent CV disease in all young adults.
Adipose tissue transcriptome in patients switching efavirenz or a protease inhibitor to raltegravir compared to people without HIV
Authors: Hanttu Anna M. , Muniandy Maheswary , van der Kolk Birgitta W. , Lindgren Hanna , Yadav Bhagwan , Sutinen Jussi , Pietiläinen Kirsi H. 
Published: January 2025

Objective:
To study the subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) transcriptome in people with HIV (PWH) switching efavirenz (EFV) or a protease inhibitor (PI) to raltegravir and to compare the transcriptome of PWH to those of people without HIV (PWoH).

Design:
PWH (n = 36) on EFV (n = 22) or a PI (n = 14) based ART regimen were randomized to switch to RAL (n = 15) or to continue unchanged medication (n = 17). PWoH (n = 10), comparable in age and body mass index, were included for comparison.

Methods:
SAT gene expression was analyzed via RNA sequencing (Illumina Stranded mRNA library prep).

Results:
At baseline, only 51 out of 19930 genes showed differential expression (FDR <0.05) between PWH and PWoH. Differentially expressed genes in PWH were identified as being HIV host factors or were associated with immune response, lipid metabolism, adipogenesis, apoptosis regulation, DNA/RNA metabolism, and cell structures. Mitochondria-encoded genes were consistently downregulated in PWH. Intergroup variations among PWH using different ART (EFV, PI, RAL) were not significant, and switching EFV or a PI to RAL did not induce substantial changes in the SAT transcriptome.

Conclusions:
While some specific genes linked to HIV are differentially expressed in PWH compared to PWoH, the overall SAT transcriptome remains relatively stable across various antiretroviral treatments and upon switching from EFV/PI to RAL. These findings enhance our understanding of the molecular landscape on SAT in the context of HIV and ART.
Outcomes of 100 Squamous Cell Carcinomas of the Upper Limb
Authors: Page Felicity , Chester Darren 
Published: January 2025

Background
Rates of recurrence, metastases, and mortality for squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the upper limb have not been clearly defined.

Objective
We aimed to characterize these tumors and assess the long-term outcomes, comparing with current literature.

Methods and Materials
A retrospective review was performed on 100 consecutive primary cutaneous upper limb SCCs managed surgically by a single hand surgeon between 2012 and 2019. Data collection included patient demographics and tumor factors from the electronic patient records.

Results
One hundred SCCs were identified in 93 patients. Sixty-six percent of patients were male, and the median age was 80 years. Median follow-up was 25 months. Ninety-seven percent of cases were completely excised. The local recurrence rate was 1%, 2% presented with metastases, 4% developed metastases during follow-up, and the mortality related to SCC was 3% with a 33% overall mortality rate.

Conclusions
SCCs of the upper limb behave in a similar manner to those located elsewhere. The local recurrence, metastases, and mortality rates were all low, as such the majority of upper limb SCCs can be managed effectively with a single, low morbidity procedure.
Deep margin clearance can be particularly challenging to achieve and an acceptable margin should be considered on an individual basis.
Comparative Postoperative Complications of Acellular Dermal Matrix and Mesh Use in Prepectoral and Subpectoral One-Stage Direct to Implant Reconstruction
Authors: Diffley Michael , Tang Amy , Sawar Kinan , Al-Saghir Tala , Gonte Madeleine R. , Hall Jamie , Tepper Donna , Darian Vigen , Evangelista Maristella , Atisha Dunya 
Published: January 2025

Background
One-stage direct-to-implant (DTI) breast reconstruction is increasingly popular with the use of prepectoral reconstruction leading to increased demand for structural scaffolds. It is vital to determine if differences in safety profiles exist among scaffolds.

Methods
We performed a retrospective cohort study of consecutive patients in our breast cancer center undergoing DTI reconstruction. Outcomes relating to postoperative infections, wound complications, and implant related complications were extracted. Outcomes were grouped into major, minor, and long-term complications. Univariate and multivariate analysis determined outcome differences and accounted for confounding variables.

Results
Two hundred forty-two patients (404 breasts) underwent DTI reconstruction. One hundred ninety-two breasts were reconstructed with FlexHD Pliable Preformed (PP; MTF Biologics, Edison, NJ), 122 with AlloDerm Ready To Use (RTU; Allergan Aesthetics, Irvine, CA), 22 with DermACELL (LifeNet Health, Virginia Beach, VA), 21 with Galaflex (Galatea Surgical, Lexington, MA), 22 with Meso BioMatrix (MTF Biologics), and 25 with autologous dermal flaps alone. Univariate analysis demonstrated statistically significant differences among scaffolds in the incidence of cellulitis treated with oral antibiotics, capsular contracture, explantation for capsular contracture, seroma requiring operative drainage, minor complications, and long-term complications. On multivariate regression, FlexHD PP had reduced rates of capsular contracture, explantation for capsular contracture, minor complications, and long-term complications compared to AlloDerm RTU. Reconstruction with Galaflex had increased rates of capsular contracture when compared to FlexHD PP.

Conclusions
Certain structural scaffolds have differing safety profiles that should be considered when selecting, which product to use in DTI reconstruction.
Correlation Between Rumination, Symptom Clusters, and Quality of Life in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Li Ping , Tao Yuxiu , Liu Jun , Lv Aili , Ni Chunping 
Published: January 2025

Previous studies have demonstrated that individuals with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) experience distinct symptom clusters and generally have a lower quality of life compared to the general population. Rumination refers to the persistent and repetitive contemplation of the causes, consequences, and intricate details of a negative and stressful event. The multiple symptom clusters of IBD cause great distress, physical and financial stress, and thus may increase the level of rumination in patients. However, the relationship between rumination, symptom clusters, and quality of life in IBD patients remains unclear. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess the state of rumination and examine its association with symptom clusters and quality of life among individuals with IBD. This study found a significant positive correlation between rumination and symptom clusters, while a significant negative correlation between rumination and quality of life in IBD patients (p < .001). Patients with higher levels of rumination in IBD exhibited more severe symptoms and poorer quality of life. Reducing rumination levels may prove beneficial in alleviating symptoms and improving the quality of life for IBD patients. In daily nursing practice, timely evaluation of rumination and appropriate interventions are essential to achieve better therapeutic outcomes.
A cheater founds the winning lineages during evolution of a novel metabolic pathway
Authors: Widney Karl A. , Phillips Lauren C. , Rusch Leo M. , Copley Shelley D. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractUnderground metabolic pathways—leaks in the metabolic network caused by promiscuous enzyme activities and non-enzymatic transformations—can provide the starting point for emergence of novel protopathways if a mutation or environmental change increases flux to a physiologically significant level. This early stage in the evolution of metabolic pathways is typically hidden from our view. We have evolved a novel protopathway in ΔpdxB E. coli, which lacks an enzyme required for synthesis of the essential cofactor pyridoxal 5′-phosphate (PLP). This protopathway is comprised of four steps catalyzed by promiscuous enzymes that are still serving their native functions. Complex population dynamics occurred during the evolution experiment. The dominant strain after 150 population doublings, JK1, had acquired four mutations. We constructed every intermediate between the ΔpdxBstrain and JK1 and identified the order in which mutations arose in JK1 and the physiological effect of each. Three of the mutations together increased the PLP accumulation rate by 32-fold. The second mutation created a cheater that was less fit on its own but thrived in the population by scavenging nutrients released from the fragile parental cells. Notably, the dominant lineages at the end of the experiment all derived from this cheater strain.
Cloth-net: improved hybrid adversarial network with dense vision transformer for 2D-3D image classification for accurate cloth recommendation engine
Authors: Mrinali Akanksha , Gupta Pankaj 
Published: January 2025

PurposeThe aim of this study is to enhance the performance of cloth recommendation systems by proposing a hybrid adversarial network called Cloth-Net, which integrates Dense Vision Transformers for effective 2D-3D image classification.Design/methodology/approachCloth-Net combines the strengths of adversarial networks with Dense Vision Transformers to process both 2D and 3D images for improved classification. The model was trained on a large-scale dataset of clothing images, using a hybrid adversarial approach that enhances both feature extraction and image classification accuracy. The methodology also includes data augmentation and transfer learning techniques to optimize the model’s generalization capability.FindingsExperimental results demonstrate that Cloth-Net significantly outperforms traditional convolutional neural network-based methods in terms of accuracy, precision, and recommendation quality. The hybrid adversarial framework, together with Dense Vision Transformers, enables the model to better understand complex clothing images, leading to more accurate and personalized recommendations.Originality/valueThis study introduces a novel hybrid adversarial model, Cloth-Net, that uniquely combines Dense Vision Transformers with traditional adversarial networks for the first time in the context of 2D-3D image classification. The findings present a substantial improvement in the performance of cloth recommendation engines, making the proposed model valuable for both academic research and practical applications in fashion technology.
“It was completely transformational”: experiences of a prison staff coaching programme
Authors: Harrison Karen , Smith Lauren , Mason Rachael , Bretherton Roger 
Published: January 2025

PurposeAlthough existing research demonstrates that the health and wellbeing of prison staff is affected by many factors, the current academic evidence base for effective support is limited. The aim of this study was to explore the experiences of prison staff who had been involved in the Spark Inside Prison Staff Coaching Programme to understand the perceived benefits of this intervention.Design/methodology/approachAn exploratory approach using in-depth semi-structured interviews with 17 staff who had experienced coaching was used.FindingsPerceived benefits included personal and professional growth, a positive sense of self and improved relationships. A positive influence on health and wellbeing and staff retention was noted.Originality/valueThe research details the perceived benefits of coaching for prison staff and adds to the evidence base about what interventions can usefully support the health and wellbeing of correctional staff. The findings have implications for prisons as well as broader occupations who experience challenges with staff retention.
ERM value for community banks: a natural experiment
Authors: Smith Garrett C.C. , Danforth Gary A. 
Published: January 2025

PurposeWe explore the apparent value of ERM within the CB landscape in the absence of endogeneity concerns.Design/methodology/approachWe explore the observed market value of enterprise risk management (ERM) in a specific industry, community banks (CBs). To do this we employ standard event study methodology. We use the surprise failures of Silicon Valley Bank (SVB) and Signature Bank (SBNY) as a natural experiment to investigate this phenomenon.FindingsWe observe several consistent results. CBs with high institutional ownership and high insider ownership exhibited a negative relationship with abnormal returns. Univariate results indicate that there is a negative relationship between ERM and CB. However, multivariate results controlling for other known factors which impact returns indicate no relationship between ERM implementation and value for CBs. Finally, we find evidence the market considers CBs to have less risk of failure or exposure to regional banking contagion, as CARs are positive when using a regional bank index as the market model benchmark.Research limitations/implicationsThese results call into question the value of ERM for CBs.Originality/valueThese results call into question the value of ERM for CBs. This is the first paper to explore ERM value within CBs using a natural experiment approach.
Managerial overconfidence and dividend policy: a case study of PSX listed firms
Authors: Khan Muhammad Imran , Farooq Muhammad , Jabri Qadri Al , Ullah Saif , Hussain Mazhar 
Published: January 2025

PurposeA company’s dividend policy is determined not just by its strategy but also by the qualities of its managers, particularly overconfidence. As a result, the purpose of this study is to explore the impact of CEO overconfidence on dividend policy using the dividend payout ratio and dividend yield ratio.Design/methodology/approachThe study’s sample includes 170 non-financial enterprises listed on the Pakistan Stock Exchange between 2011 and 2022. Furthermore, we used corporate governance and firm-specific factors as control variables. The fixed effect model based on the Hausman test result and dynamic system GMM estimation technique was employed in the analysis. Furthermore, the dividend dummy variable and alternative proxies of dividend payments are used to ensure the results are robust.FindingsThe findings indicate that CEOs’ overconfidence positively impacts dividend payout and dividend yield ratios. Further analysis reveals that board size and remuneration committee significantly impact dividend payment among corporate governance control variables, while block holding has a negative effect. Among firm-specific control variables, the results suggest that firm size, profitability, and market-to-book ratio are significantly positively associated. In contrast, the coefficient of variation and debt ratio are inversely associated with dividend payments.Practical implicationsManagerial overconfidence benefits shareholders by increasing dividend payouts, but firms may struggle in the long run if they do not have adequate retained earnings to meet capital requirements. Dividends and retained earnings must be balanced to make enough funds available for long-term investment in capital-intensive projects.Originality/valueAlthough little previous research has focused on the managerial overconfidence-dividend policy relationship, the authors believe this is the first study to test this relationship generally in emerging markets, particularly Pakistan.