bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Last Interglacial and Early Glacial ENSO
Authors: Kukla George J. , Clement Amy C. , Cane Mark A. , Gavin Joyce E. , Zebiak Stephen E. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAlthough the link between insolation and climate is commonly thought to be in the high northern latitudes in summer, our results show that the start of the last glaciation in marine isotope stage (MIS) 5d was associated with a change of insolation during the transitional seasons in the low latitudes. A simplified coupled ocean-atmosphere model shows that changes in the seasonal cycle of insolation could have altered El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) variability so that there were almost twice as many warm ENSO events in the early glacial than in the last interglacial. This indicates that ice buildup in the cooled high latitudes could have been accelerated by a warmed tropical Pacific.
Duration of Last Interglacial Conditions in Northwestern Greece
Authors: Tzedakis Polychronis C. , Frogley Michael R. , Heaton Timothy H.E. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA new astronomical calibration method for long pollen records from southern Europe is applied to the last interglacial interval of the Ioannina sequence, northwestern Greece. This shows that the last interglacial in this region, as defined by the presence of forest communities, lasted ca. 15,500 yr, from 127,300 to 111,800 yr B.P. Interglacial conditions developed within marine isotope substage (MIS) 5e and persisted into MIS 5d, lagging changes in global ice volume.
The Stability and the Abrupt Ending of the Last Interglaciation in Southeastern Siberia
Authors: Prokopenko Alexander A. , Karabanov Eugene B. , Williams Douglas F. , Khursevich Galina K. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractPaleoproductivity records from Lake Baikal indicate that the last interglaciation in southeastern Siberia lasted ca. 12,000 yr from 127,000 to 115,000 yr B.P., was punctuated by a climatic oscillation about 120,000 yr ago, and ended abruptly with a rapid onset of regional glaciation during marine isotope substage (MIS) 5d. The Siberian equivalent of the MIS 5e–5d transition appears to lead the post-Eemian cold pulses in Europe and in the central North Atlantic by 5000 to 8000 yr. The Baikal record also registers a pronounced cold event during early MIS 5c, which correlates with the Montaigu event in pollen records from France. In Siberia, the climatic deterioration during the MIS 5d was a full-scale glacial pulse unlike the short, moderate cooling during the Montaigu event.
Evidence for the Timing and Duration of the Last Interglacial Period from High-Precision Uranium-Series Ages of Corals on Tectonically Stable Coastlines
Authors: Muhs Daniel R. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe last interglacial period has a timing and duration that can be estimated from U-series dating of emergent, coral-bearing deposits on tectonically stable coastlines. High-precision dating from Bermuda, the Bahamas, Hawaii, and Australia suggests that the last interglacial period had a sea level at least as high as present from ∼128,000 to 116,000 yr B.P. Sea level reached a near-present level more quickly after the close of the penultimate glacial period than at the close of the last glacial period and the duration of high sea level is longer than that implied by the deep-sea record.
Tentative Correlation of Pollen Records of the Last Interglacial at Grande Pile and Ribains with Marine Isotope Stages
Authors: Kukla George J. , de Beaulieu Jacques-Louis , Svobodova Helena , Andrieu-Ponel Valerie , Thouveny Nicolas , Stockhausen Hagen 
Published: August 2002

AbstractEemian lake deposits in Grande Pile and Ribains, France, correlate with marine isotope substages (MIS) 5e and 5d as delimited in two pollen-bearing deep-sea cores off Portugal. The Eemian forests in France lasted for approximately 20 millennia, from at least 126,000 to ca. 107,000 yr B.P. Oscillatory climate deteriorations began about 115,000 yr ago. An intense cold spell affected the region approximately 110,000 yr ago.
The Eemian Interglaciation in Northwestern Germany
Authors: Caspers Gerfried , Merkt Josef , Müller Helmut , Freund Holger 
Published: August 2002

AbstractHundreds of small lakes became filled with Eemian deposits following the retreat of Saalian ice in northwestern Germany. Weakly expressed climate oscillations have been inferred from some local pollen records of Late Saalian sediments. Sea level stood 7 m below the current northwest German sea-level datum (NN) during the interglacial climate optimum and decreased afterward. A uniform vegetational succession of the Eemian mixed forests, correlated with marine isotope stage (MIS) 5e, terminated with the demise of boreal woodlands marked by a steep increase in nonarboreal pollen. This is the onset of the early Weichselian Herning Stade, correlated with MIS 5d. No sharp climate oscillations during the Eemian have been documented. In the ending phase of the interglaciation, the climate deteriorated gradually. Dominant heath and grass tundras point to a substantial decline of summer temperature during the Herning Stade. Sea level then stood at −40 m NN. Sedimentological considerations, supported by counts of partly varved deposits, indicate that the Eemian lasted about 10,000–11,000 yr and the Herning for several millennia.
Burial of Different Types of Organic Carbon in Core 17962 from South China Sea since the Last Glacial Period
Authors: Jia Guodong , Peng Ping'an , Fang Dianyong 
Published: August 2002

AbstractTotal organic carbon (TOC), black carbon (BC), and land-derived organic carbon (LOC) extracted from marine sediment core 17962 from the southern South China Sea and analyzed by pyrolysis gas chromatography, elemental analyzers, and mass spectroscopy can be interpreted in terms of regional land biomass burning, climatic conditions, vegetation cover, and ocean paleoproductivity. Carbon from terrestrial sources, including BC and LOC, appears to be a significant component of TOC (3.1–39.3% range, 16.5% average for BC; 4.4–56.6% range, 14.6% average for LOC). The production of BC and LOC was only slightly higher during the Last Maximum Glaciation (LGM) than during the Holocene. Therefore, dramatic changes in climate and vegetation cover do not seem to have occurred at the Pleistocene–Holocene boundary. Paleoproductivity data calculated from marine organic carbon, proved to be more accurate than those calculated from TOC and exhibit the same pattern of temporal variation. However, the glacial–interglacial contrast in the refined palaeoproductivity is less evident than that calculated from TOC.
Late Quaternary Climate and Vegetation of the Sudanian Zone of Northeast Nigeria
Authors: Salzmann Ulrich , Hoelzmann Philipp , Morczinek Irena 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe Lake Tilla crater lake in northeastern Nigeria (10°23′N, 12°08′E) provides a ca. 17,000 14C yr multiproxy record of the environmental history of a Sudanian savanna in West Africa. Evaluation of pollen, diatoms, and sedimentary geochemistry from cores suggests that dry climatic conditions prevailed throughout the late Pleistocene. Before the onset of the Holocene, the slow rise in lake levels was interrupted by a distinct dry event between ca. 10,900 and 10,500 14C yr B.P., which may coincide with the Younger Dryas episode. The onset of the Holocene is marked by an abrupt increase in lake levels and a subsequent spread of Guinean and Sudanian tree taxa into the open grass savanna that predominated throughout the Late Pleistocene. The dominance of the mountain olive Olea hochstetteri suggests cool climatic conditions prior to ca. 8600 14C yr B.P. The early to mid-Holocene humid period culminated between ca. 8500 and 7000 14C yr B.P. with the establishment of a dense Guinean savanna during high lake levels. Frequent fires were important in promoting the open character of the vegetation. The palynological and palaeolimnological data demonstrate that the humid period terminated after ca. 7000 14C yr B.P. in a gradual decline of the precipitation/evaporation ratio and was not interrupted by abrupt climatic events. The aridification trend intensified after ca. 3800 14C yr B.P. and continued until the present.
Lake Level and Climate Changes between 42,000 and 18,000 14C yr B.P. in the Tengger Desert, Northwestern China
Authors: Zhang Hucai , Wünnemann Bernd , Ma Yuzhen , Peng Jinlan , Pachur Hans-J. , Li Jijun , Qi Yuan , Chen Guangjie , Fang Hongbing , Feng Zhaodong 
Published: August 2002

AbstractMultiple lines of stratigraphic, geochemical, and fossil data suggest that fresh-mesohaline paleolakes were widespread in the Tengger Desert of northwestern China and underwent major fluctuations during the late Pleistocene. The paleolakes started to develop at ca. 42,000 14C yr B.P. The lake levels were the highest between 35,000 and 22,000 14C yr B.P., during which Megalake Tengger dominated the landscape. The climatic conditions at this time were unique for this area and have no modern analogue. After an episode of decline between 22,000 and 20,000 14C yr B.P. and an episode of rebound between 20,000 and 18,600 14C yr B.P., the paleolakes started to desiccate and completely disappeared around 18,000 14C yr B.P. The environmental proxy data indicate that the Megalake Tengger formed under warm–humid climates. The reconstructed climatic variations appear to be correlative with the abrupt climatic events reconstructed for the North Atlantic.
Last Interglacial and Early Glacial Circulation in the Northern North Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Knudsen Karen-Luise , Seidenkrantz Marit-Solveig , Kristensen Peter 
Published: August 2002

AbstractStudies of marine records from the northwestern European shelf and the northern North Atlantic suggest that last interglacial environments were less stable in this area than in the mid-latitude Atlantic. The influx of Atlantic water masses to the northern North Atlantic was generally higher, and the meridional temperature gradient was steeper, during the last interglaciation than during the Holocene. Strong north–south sea-surface-temperature gradients during the early Weichselian indicate a generally low influx of Atlantic water to the northern North Atlantic, even during interstades.
Mid- to Late-Wisconsin Pollen Record of San Felipe Basin, Baja California
Authors: Lozano-Garcı́a Marı́a Socorro , Ortega-Guerrero Beatriz , Sosa-Nájera Susana 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA lacustrine sequence from Laguna Seca San Felipe, Baja California, in the southwestern Sonoran Desert, provides the first record of mid- to late-Wisconsin vegetation in one of the driest regions of North America. Pollen analysis was performed in the intermediate part of the sequence from ca. 44,000 to ca. 13,000 14C yr B.P. according to six 14C radiocarbon dates. Sedimentation of eolian sands prior to 44,000 14C yr B.P. indicates dry conditions. High pollen concentration of montane and chaparral species in the pollen assemblages contrast with the modern desert vegetation. Sixty-four pollen types were identified. The source of mid- to late-Wisconsin sedimentation must have been the plant communities in the surrounding highlands of the basin. Mid-Wisconsin pollen assemblages dominated by pines, junipers, and Artemisia reflect humid conditions in the area. By late Wisconsin time, a significant increment in junipers indicates a lowering in the altitudinal ranges of woodlands/chaparral. Pollen from wind-pollinated species is abundant while desert plants, specifically animal or insect pollinated species, are poorly represented. The San Felipe record does not identify the Last Glacial Maximum as the time of greatest effective moisture, as suggested by pluvial lake levels and other paleoclimatic evidence in the soutwestern United States.
Formal Status and Vegetational Development of the Eemian Interglacial in Northwestern and Southern Europe
Authors: Turner Charles 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe terms Eem and Eemian have been applied to lithostratigraphic, chronostratigraphic, and biostratigraphic aspects of the last interglacial in western Europe. Eemian vegetational successions show strong uniformity at sites from western France across the North European Plain to Poland, suggesting, by comparison with the Holocene, that major pollen zones are broadly synchronous. South of the Alps and Pyrenees, a different vegetational succession is observed with no evidence for a substage of post-temperate cooling.
Problems of the Duration of the Eemian Interglacial in Europe North of the Alps
Authors: Turner Charles 
Published: August 2002

AbstractSuggestions that the duration of the Eemian interglacial was about 11,000 yr, based on annually laminated sediment sequences in Germany, have been challenged in favor of a much longer interval. However, biostratigraphic evidence demonstrates why the Eemian sequences at Grande Pile and Ribains cannot be reliably used for alignment with the marine sequence, as applied by Kuklaet al.(2002, this issue) to estimate the duration of this interglacial. The long chronology they propose would imply not just coniferous but, for up to 5000 yr, fully temperate forest in central France coexisting with treeless heath and steppe tundra conditions in northwestern Europe, an unlikely climatic and ecological scenario. The proposal that the Eemian Interglacial in western Europe lasted for 17,000 or even 23,000 yr is rejected. A duration of no more than 13,000 yr is preferred, at least for sites north of the Alps and Pyrenees. The duration of temperate conditions in the Mediterranean region is less certain.
Thermohaline Circulation and Prolonged Interglacial Warmth in the North Atlantic
Authors: McManus Jerry F. , Oppo Delia W. , Keigwin Lloyd D. , Cullen James L. , Bond Gerard C. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractDeep-sea sediment cores provide spatially coherent evidence for the climatic and hydrographic conditions in the subpolar North Atlantic during the last interglaciation. Taken together with similarly high-resolution terrestrial sequences, these records indicate a regional climatic progression, beginning with the extreme and variable climate late in the penultimate glaciation, continuing through a relatively stable climatic optimum during the interglaciation, and concluding with the reestablishment of the markedly variable regime that characterized the last 100,000-yr glaciation. Relatively mild conditions in much of the subpolar region significantly outlasted the minimum in global ice volume, despite declining summer insolation and the cooling influence of incipient proximal glaciers. These effects were partially offset by enhanced thermohaline circulation that paradoxically increased heat transport into the region while simultaneously providing the likely moisture source for the growth of large northern ice sheets. The inception of the last glacial cycle thus provides an example of the influence of ocean circulation on regional climate. In contrast to the apparent orbital pace of the ongoing ice-sheet growth, the subsequent deterioration of surface conditions was abrupt and dramatic.
Extracorporeal shock wave therapy for lateral epicondylitis—a double blind randomized controlled trial
Authors: Speed C. A. , Nichols D. , Richards C. , Humphreys H. , Wies J. T. , Burnet S. , Hazleman B. L. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractExtracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) is an increasingly popular therapeutic approach to the treatment of a number of soft tissue complaints. Whilst benefit has been demonstrated in calcific tendinitis, evidence is lacking for benefit in the management of non‐calcific rotator cuff disorders.Aims: To perform a double‐blind placebo controlled trial of moderate dose ESWT in chronic lateral epicondylitis.Methods: Adults with lateral epicondylitis were randomised to receive either active treatment (1500 pulses ESWT at 0.12 mJ/mm2) or sham therapy, monthly for three months. All were assessed before each treatment and one month after completion of therapy. Outcome measures consisted of visual analogue scores for pain in the day and at night.Results: Seventy‐five subjects participated and there were no significant differences between the two groups at baseline. The mean duration of symptoms was 15.9 and 12 months in the ESWT and sham groups, respectively. Both groups showed significant improvements from two months. No significant difference existed between the groups with respect to the degrees of change in pain scores over the study period. In the ESWT group the mean (SD, range) pain score was 73.4 (14.5, 38–99) at baseline and 47.9 (31.4, 3–100) at three months. In the sham group the mean (SD, range) pain score was 67.2 (21.7, 12–100) at baseline and 51.5 (32.5, 3–100) at three months.At three months, 50% improvement from baseline was noted in 35% of the ESWT group and 34% of the sham group with respect to pain.Conclusions: There appears to be a significant placebo effect of moderate dose ESWT in subjects with lateral epicondylitis but there is no evidence of added benefit of treatment when compared to sham therapy.© 2002 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Mathematical estimation of stress distribution in normal and dysplastic human hips
Authors: Mavčič B. , Pompe B. , Antolič V. , Daniel M. , Iglič A. , Kralj‐Iglič V. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBy using a mathematical model of the adult human hip in the static one‐legged stance position of the body, the forces acting on the hip, peak stress in the hip joint and other relevant radiographic and biomechanical parameters were assessed. The aims were to examine if the peak stress in dysplastic hips is higher than in normal hips and to find out which biomechanical parameters contribute significantly to higher peak stress. The average normalized peak stress in dysplastic hips (7.1 kPa/N) was markedly higher (≈︁100%) than the average normalized peak stress in normal hips (3.5 kPa/N). The characteristic parameters that contributed to higher peak stress in dysplastic hips included the smaller lateral coverage of the femoral head, the larger interhip distance, the wider pelvis, and the medial position of the greater trochanter. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that stress distribution over weight‐bearing surface of the hip joint is the relevant parameter for assessment of the risk for developing coxarthrosis.© 2002 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Expression and enzymatic activity of MMP‐2 during healing process of the acute supraspinatus tendon tear in rabbits
Authors: Choi Ho‐Rim , Kondo Seiji , Hirose Kazuyoshi , Ishiguro Naoki , Hasegawa Yukiharu , Iwata Hisashi 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe investigated the spontaneous healing process of a surgically created supraspinatus tendon tear in rabbits with specific reference to the expression of matrix metalloproteinase‐2 (MMP‐2) and its time‐course change in enzymatic activity along with the expression of tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs). A transverse, full thickness tear of the supraspinatus tendon was created and examined. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that MMP‐2 positive cells were mainly localized at both cutting ends of the tendon, and reparative tissue encroached into the gap from the bursal side. The expression of TIMP‐1 was induced in the cells at not only the tendon edges but also the reparative tissue during the healing process. TIMP‐2 was constitutively expressed in both the tendon and the reparative tissue. Gelatin zymography using tissue culture media demonstrated latent and active forms of MMP‐2 and characteristic time‐linked changes of the enzymatic activity. Western blotting confirmed the bands as the latent form of MMP‐2. These results suggest that MMP‐2 is expressed and activated during the healing process of acute supraspinatus tendon tear and can play an important role in the remodeling process.© 2002 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
A model for intramembranous ossification during fracture healing
Authors: Thompson Zachary , Miclau Theodore , Hu Diane , Helms Jill A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe have developed a method to study the molecular basis of intramembranous fracture healing. Unlike intramedullary rods that permit rotation of the fractured bone segments, our murine model relies on an external fixation device to provide stabilization. In this study we compare stabilized fracture callus tissues with callus tissues from non‐stabilized fractures during the inflammatory, soft callus, hard callus, and remodeling stages of healing. Histological analyses indicate that stabilized fractures heal with virtually no evidence of cartilage whereas non‐stabilized fractures produce abundant cartilage at the fracture site. Expression patterns of collagen type IIa (colIIa) and osteocalcin (oc) reveal that mesenchymal cells at the fracture site commit to either a chondrogenic or an osteogenic lineage during the earliest stages of healing. The mechanical environment influences this cell fate decision, since mesenchymal cells in a stabilized fracture express oc and fail to express colIIa. Future studies will use this murine model of intramembranous fracture healing to explore, at a molecular level, how the mechanical environment exerts its influence on healing of a fracture.© 2002 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
TGF‐β1 calcium signaling increases α5 integrin expression in osteoblasts
Authors: Nesti Leon J. , Caterson E. J. , Wang Mark , Chang Richard , Chapovsky Felix , Hoek Jan B. , Tuan Rocky S. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractTGF‐β1 is a potent osteoactive factor and exhibits a wide variety of effects on osteoblasts, most of which are mediated through receptor associated Smad proteins. We have recently reported a novel TGF‐β1 intracellular Ca2+ signaling pathway in osteoblasts, and found that this signaling is required for the TGF‐β1 mediated enhancement of osteoblast adhesion to substrate. Given that interaction between the extracellular matrix protein fibronectin and α5β1 integrin on the cell surface is principally responsible for osteoblast substrate adhesion, we examined here whether the TGF‐β1 stimulated Ca2+ signal is involved in this pathway. Our results show that, in primary human osteoblasts, the TGF‐β1 induced intracellular Ca2+ signal is responsible, in part, for the stimulation of expression of α5 integrin, but not of β1 integrin or fibronectin. Increased levels of α5 integrin protein and mRNA were seen as early as 12 h after TGF‐β1 treatment, but were inhibited by co‐treatment of cells with nifedipine, a selective L‐type Ca2+ channel blocker. TGF‐β1 treatment increased both fibronectin and β1 integrin protein production within 48 h, in a manner unaffected by co‐treatment with nifedipine.Immunofluorescence observations revealed that TGF‐β1 treatment resulted in increased α5 integrin staining, and more prominent α5 integrin clustering, with increased co‐localization with the actin cytoskeleton, effects that were blocked by co‐treatment with nifedipine. The TGF‐β1 induced intracellular Ca2+ signal in human osteoblasts is thus an important mechanistic step in the regulation of α5 integrin expression, later contributing to enhanced cell adhesion.© 2002 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.