bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Posttranscriptional silencing of cytochrome P4501A1 (CYP1A1) during zebrafish (Danio rerio) development
Authors: Mattingly Carolyn J. , Toscano William A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractInduction patterns of cytochrome P4501A1 (CYP1A1), an early biochemical marker of exposure to the environmental toxicant 2,3,7,8‐tetrachlorodibenzo‐p‐dioxin (TCDD, or dioxin) were investigated during zebrafish (Danio rerio) development. A zebrafish CYP1A1 cDNA fragment was cloned and used to detect CYP1A1 mRNA in embryos exposed to TCDD (1 or 10 nM). Induction of CYP1A1 activity was dependent on age and state of hatch. CYP1A1 mRNA was observed by 15 hr postfertilization. CYP1A1 protein and monooxygenase activity were not detected until 3 days postfertilization and after hatch, as determined by Western immunoblot analysis and ethoxyresorufin O‐deethylase (EROD) activity, respectively. In contrast to embryos, concomitant induction of mRNA and activity was detected in juvenile zebrafish (3 days posthatch) after 6 hr of TCDD exposure. Asynchronous induction of CYP1A1 mRNA and activity during development may be a general regulatory mechanism, as similar ontogenetic expression of this gene was demonstrated in mouse embryos. To our knowledge, this is the first report of CYP1A1 posttranscriptional silencing during embryogenesis. Our data suggest that TCDD‐mediated induction of CYP1A1 activity is regulated differentially in developing and mature systems. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
In situ hybridization screen in zebrafish for the selection of genes encoding secreted proteins
Authors: Crosier Philip S. , Bardsley Anne , Horsfield Julia A. , Krassowska Anna K. , Lavallie Edward R. , Collins‐Racie Lisa A. , Postlethwait John H. , Yan Yi‐Lin , Mccoy John M. , Crosier Kathryn E. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAn in situ hybridization expression screen using a signal sequence trap system has been conducted in zebrafish to isolate cDNAs that encode secreted proteins. Random clones (secreted expressed sequence tags; sESTs) were sequenced from zebrafish embryonic (18–24 hr postfertilization) and adult kidney libraries. From the two RNA sources, 627 random sEST cDNAs were identified as being homologous or identical to known genes and 166 clones encode currently unidentified genes. The sESTs represent a broad range of enzymes and other regulatory molecules. Whole‐mount in situ hybridization analysis was carried out by using antisense probes generated from 244 selected sESTs, and a range of expression patterns was obtained. Genetic mapping undertaken with sEST sequences demonstrated that assignment of map position was attainable by using 5′ primers. The signal sequence trap system used in this work has yielded a range of cDNAs that encode secreted proteins and, together with analysis of patterns of expression and genetic mapping, has the potential to facilitate analysis of signaling pathways central to development and physiology. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ikaros expression as a marker for lymphoid progenitors during zebrafish development
Authors: Willett Catherine E. , Kawasaki Hirohide , Amemiya Chris T. , Lin Shuo , Steiner Lisa A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe Ikaros gene encodes a transcription factor that, in mice, has been shown to be essential for the correct differentiation of B and T lymphocytes and is expressed in all cells of the lymphoid lineage, including pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells. During development in zebrafish, Ikaros expression begins in lateral mesoderm, and continues in the intermediate cell mass (ICM), which is derived from lateral mesoderm and has been shown to generate primitive hematopoietic precursors. Cells expressing Ikaros were then seen on the ventral side of the dorsal aorta, known to be a location of definitive hematopoietic precursors in birds and mammals. Ikaros‐expressing cells were also found in the pharyngeal region, near the forming thymus. Later, such cells were seen in the pronephros, the site of hematopoiesis in adult fish. The timing of appearance of Ikaros‐expressing cells suggests that, similar to other vertebrates, lymphocytes in the thymus arise from hematopoietic tissue located near the dorsal aorta or in the ICM. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Nasogastric feeding in children and adolescents with eating disorders: Toward good practice
Authors: Neiderman Marc , Farley Alexandra , Richardson Johanna , Lask Bryan 
Published: August 2002

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to provide an insight into the subjective experiences of nasogastric feeding from the perspective of patients with eating disorders and their parents.MethodA semistructured self‐report questionnaire was completed by patients from two specialist eating disorders units who had received nasogastric feeding. Parents' views were also assessed via a similar self‐report questionnaire.ResultsDiverse views were expressed by both patients and parents. Some regarded the experience of nasogastric feeding as wholly negative, but acknowledged the lack of suitable alternatives. Others had a more positive view and identified several helpful aspects.ConclusionReactions were generally more positive than had been anticipated. A number of useful suggestions were made regarding how to improve the procedure. These have informed the development of guidelines for good practice. © 2001 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 29: 441–448, 2001.
Norms, normality, and clinical significant change: Implications for the evaluation of treatment outcomes for eating disorders
Authors: Kordy Hans , Percevic Robert , Martinovich Zoran 
Published: August 2002

AbstractObjectiveThe implications of the use of national norms of the Eating Disorders Inventory (EDI) are investigated.MethodA German version of the EDI was administered to a representative national sample (n = 650), a repeatedly measured community sample (n = 207), and a national inpatient sample with primary diagnoses of anorexia or bulimia nervosa (n = 959). Resulting scale distributions were compared with those of North American samples of the handbook.ResultsNormal ranges on several scales markedly differed when German community norms were used. When estimates of rates of clinical significant changes were based on German norms instead of on North American norms, rates were markedly lower for scales measuring core diagnostic features (e.g., binging/purging, Drive for Thinness) and higher for those measuring correlates (e.g., Maturity Fears, Interpersonal Distrust).DiscussionNeglecting differences in national norms can lead to substantial misinterpretation of empirical findings in the diagnosis of eating disorders and the evaluation of treatment outcome. © 2001 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 30: 176–186, 2001.
An adult with Prader‐Willi syndrome and anorexia nervosa: A case report
Authors: Counts Debra 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA 39‐year‐old man with Prader‐Willi syndrome presents for evaluation of uncontrolled weight loss. Past history was significant for gastric bypass and prior episodes of intentional dieting. Family history was significant for an alcoholic father and two siblings with anorexia nervosa. The patient was unconcerned about his weight loss despite cachexia and did not want to stop dieting. This presentation of a restrictive eating pattern in a man with a syndrome usually associated with compulsive hyperphagia is the first known report © 2001 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 30: 231–233, 2001.
OFDM‐based adaptive modulation systems with a multilevel transmit power control for high‐bit‐rate transmission
Authors: Yoshiki Tomoaki , Sampei Seiichi , Morinaga Norihiko 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn the OFDM (orthogonal frequency division multiplexing) adaptive modulation system, the method of modulation of each subcarrier is adaptively controlled. It is a useful system for wide‐band transmission, since a high transmission rate can be realized in a limited bandwidth. There is also a method that suppresses the transmit power by control, in order to handle increasing transmit power in a wide‐band system. A problem arises, however, in a frequency‐selective fading environment, in which the received power of each subcarrier varies with time, which results in unnecessary transmit power consumption. This paper proposes to apply multilevel transmit power control in which the transmit power is independently controlled for each subcarrier, so that each modulation method satisfies the BER requirement for the number of modulation levels selected for each subcarrier. In the proposed system, the transmit power which remains after achieving the required quality is effectively assigned to other subcarriers. Then, by selecting a larger number of modulation levels, a higher transmission rate is realized in a limited band. The transmission performance of the proposed system is evaluated by computer simulation, and it is verified that the transmission rate is greatly improved. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 85(11): 34–43, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecja.10000
Method for transmission under pulsewise noise environments using wavelet packet modulation
Authors: Okamoto Eiji , Li Huan‐Bang , Wakana Hiromitsu , Tanaka Masato , Ogawa Hiroyo 
Published: August 2002

AbstractOne of the digital modulation methods is wavelet packet modulation (WPM). This modulation method is a multiplex transmission method in which the time and frequency division regions in the transmission frame can be rather flexibly modified. In this paper, a digital communication system is studied that can adaptively carry out transmission by using WPM. Because WPM has a time–frequency resolution, an effective decoding/coding method is proposed for a communication channel in which pulse and tone noise exist in addition to Gaussian noise. Specifically, when a part of the receiving signal sequence is lost due to pulse interference noise, the lost signal is estimated and decoded by repeatedly computing the squared Euclidean distance sum between several degraded signals and decoded signals while spreading of the signal into the time–frequency region by WPM is used. Adaptive decoding is discussed in which the transmission characteristic not influenced by the interference is well maintained in a tone interference noise environment. For each method, the characteristics are evaluated and the effectiveness is confirmed in the fundamental interference noise environment by computer simulation. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 85(11): 20–33, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecja.10002
Formation of a circularly polarized tilted beam using radiation cells of a crank‐line antenna
Authors: Hirose Kazuhide , Orihara Katsuaki , Nakano Hisamatsu 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe radiation cell of a crank‐line antenna is analyzed by using the method of moments. The maximum beam direction, axial ratio, and half‐power beamwidth (HPBW) are calculated as a function of the side lengths of the radiation cell. Calculations show that, when the side lengths are properly chosen, the radiation cell can radiate a tilted wide beam of circular polarization. An array consisting of four radiation cells is also analyzed. The effect of mutual coupling on the radiation characteristics is examined. It is found that the array antenna forms a fan beam with an HPBW of 65° in the elevation plane with a tilt angle of 46°. © 2001 Scripta Technica, Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 84(8): 23–30, 2001
Frequency‐invariant adaptive receiving and transmitting null beamforming*
Authors: Sekiguchi Takashi , Karasawa Yoshio 
Published: August 2002

AbstractFor mobile communication antennas, it is important to form nulls in the radiation pattern so that the antenna does not interfere with other communication systems in transmission. In cases where the frequencies for transmission and reception are different, as in FDD (Frequency Division Duplex) systems, if the weighting in the reception mode is used directly for transmission when forming the radiation pattern adaptively during transmission, the null directions are deviated so that the transmission characteristics are degraded. In this paper, a receiving and transmitting adaptive null beamforming algorithm is proposed in which a digital multibeam forming network for propagating signals with wide fractional bandwidths, having radiation patterns not dependent on the frequency, is used for weight calculation. Since the radiation patterns of multibeams are almost identical at the transmission and reception frequencies, almost identical null depth can be obtained for both transmission and reception after convergence. By means of computer simulation, it is confirmed that the nulls are formed in the incident directions of the interference signals in both transmission and reception and that the null depths are almost identical. © 2001 Scripta Technica, Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 84(11): 26–34, 2001
Backup VP reservation method using multiagents and its experimental evaluation
Authors: Inoue Shinji , Kakuda Yoshiaki , Terabe Masahiro 
Published: August 2002

AbstractHigh reliability schemes of switching from a primary VP to a backup VP by establishing two virtual paths (VPs), a primary VP and a backup VP, between a source (S) node and a destination (D) node in an ATM network when a failure of the node or the link occurs on the primary VP are known. The schemes performing the switching of the VPs without using multiagents have a problem associated with the incapability of switching rapidly from a primary VP to a backup VP, with the increase in the scale of the networks and the number of primary VPs (and backup VPs). In Ref. 2, a scheme of establishing backup VPs using multiagents such that such switching is performed rapidly is proposed. In this scheme, under the assumption that a candidate backup VP is given for each pair of an S node and a D node (SD pair), link‐sharing backup VPs are obtained among candidate VPs by information exchanges between the agents. In this scheme, the competition for a link between backup VPs is detected by the reception of messages passing the link, the function of collecting this detection information by an S node by information exchanges between agents is incorporated by each agent and the changes in the competition for the link can be followed. As an effect, it has a characteristic of high adaptability to the changes in the network resources (link capacity, topology) and resource requirements (primary VPs, backup VPs). In this paper, the results of performing simulation experiments to verify this characteristic are shown. The results of the experiments demonstrate that optimal backup VPs are obtained with good efficiency even when the number of backup VP candidates increases with the increase in SD pairs. In addition, the methods for obtaining the parameters of the agents required for obtaining optimal backup VPs are shown. © 2001 Scripta Technica, Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 85(3): 30–39, 2002
A New EMI Test Method for Electronic Medical Devices Exposed to Mobile Radio Wave
Authors: Nojima Toshio , Tarusawa Yoshiaki 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA new testing method that can evaluate with high reliability the electromagnetic interference of cellular phones with electronic medical devices is proposed. In this test method, a standard dipole antenna or an actual cellular phone is used. Radio wave signals similar to those used in real communications are applied continuously or intermittently to electronic medical devices. In this way, the influence of both the far field and the near field can be evaluated in the worst case. The fundamental configuration, the test procedure, and the electromagnetic interference experienced by actual electronic medical devices are described. Evaluation tests of typical electronic medical devices including the implantable cardiac pacemakers are presented. In comparison with the existing test method of the IEC, highly reliable and accurate results are obtained. The present test method has been used for electromagnetic interference tests of various electronic medical devices, including pacemakers. The results provide a basis for the guidelines regarding the electromagnetic effects of cellular phones on electronic medical devices developed by the Electromagnetic Compatibility Conference (EMCC) Japan. © 2001 Scripta Technica, Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 85(4): 1–9, 2002
Peak‐power‐reduction scheme with adaptive transmit power control for multicarrier transmission
Authors: Muta Osamu , Akaiwa Yoshihiko 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe propose a peak‐power‐reduction (PPR) scheme that never sacrifices spectrum efficiency for a multicarrier transmission (MCT) system where subchannels are band‐limited by filtering before the multiplexing. In this scheme, the transmit pulse power before filtering is decreased whenever the envelope peak amplitude is above a given threshold level. A reduction of 75% in peak power is achieved with a slight degradation in BER performance by applying the PPR scheme to an MCT system with eight subchannels under flat fading conditions. The proposed scheme is also investigated with an adaptive transmit power control, and the average transmit power and peak‐to‐mean power ratio (PMPR) are reduced. © 2002 Scripta Technica, Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 85(5): 71–78, 2002
A multimedia wireless transmission system using complex‐coefficient multirate filter banks
Authors: Matsuda Takahiro , Hara Shinsuke , Morinaga Norihiko 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA method of multimedia transmission in wireless communication is to apply the frequency‐division multiplex scheme, in which the bandwidth is assigned flexibly according to the signal transmission rate. The purpose of this paper is to develop a system in which multimedia wireless transmission is handled efficiently in the downlink, and to propose a method based on the complex‐coefficient multirate filter bank. The complex‐coefficient multirate filter bank is a technique which is suited to signal processing in the equivalent low‐pass signal system in wireless communication. In the proposed method, bandwidth can be assigned flexibly to multiple signals with various transmission rates, according to their rates. An analysis of the proposed scheme shows that the proposed system is suited to multimedia wireless transmission. © 2002 Scripta Technica, Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 85(3): 58–67, 2002
Performance analysis of knockout ATM switch with batcher network for multiple priority classes
Authors: Nishino Yoshiyuki , Sasase Iwao 
Published: August 2002

AbstractRecently, there has been a need for a network architecture with a variety of traffic. In order to meet the requirements, a conventional knockout switch for two priority classes has been proposed and evaluated by numerical calculations. However, the switch is analyzed for multiple priority classes even though there are many kinds of traffic in the network. In this paper, a knockout packet switch with a batcher network for multiple classes is proposed in order to satisfy different requirements for loss probability of packets with multiple classes. The proposed model involves sorting packets according to the small identification number of a priority class by a batcher network. Hence, it is possible to handle packets with multiple classes. The proposed switch consists ofNmodules structured with filters, batcher network, and output buffers. As a result, we show that the proposed model is useful in satisfying different requirements for packet loss probability with multiple classes. © 2001 Scripta Technica, Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 84(7): 10–18, 2001
Design of a microwave variable delay line using liquid crystal, and a study of its insertion loss
Authors: Kuki Takao , Fujikake Hideo , Nomoto Toshihiro , Utsumi Yozo 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA microwave variable delay line was designed and fabricated using a nematic liquid crystal for the dielectric substrate of the microstrip line, and the phase characteristics and insertion losses of the device were evaluated. The phase shift characteristics were found to be in close agreement with the design value, indicating the ability to implement wide‐band variable delay lines over a microwave frequency range. The insertion losses of the fabricated variable delay line were found to be too high for practical applications, and it was revealed that the losses were dominated by conductor losses. It was found that one effective way to reduce losses was to increase the thickness of the liquid crystal layer, but this had the negative effect of making the response time of the liquid crystal alignment slow. It is thus critically important in designing liquid crystal variable delay lines that careful consideration be given to the trade‐off between insertion losses and response time depending on the application. © 2002 Scripta Technica, Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 85(2): 36–42, 2002
Vehicular speed response PLL using square‐law circuits
Authors: Kitabata Go , Hamamura Masanori , Tachikawa Shin'ichi 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn this paper, we propose using a square‐law loop circuit that does not require a pilot signal in a vehicular speed response phase‐locked loop (PLL) and study its performance. In the PLL performance in the fading transmission path in mobile communications, a vehicular speed response PLL improves the PLL performance by using a directional antenna to lengthen the fading period and by providing frequency offset information generated in response to the vehicular speed to the PLL. Compared with a PLL using a conventional square‐law circuit, the proposed scheme effectively uses the cancellation effect of the frequency offset and the loop gain adaptation based on the vehicular speed response to obtain substantial improvement in the bit error rate. A substantial improvement is exhibited, particularly in an environment having a highfDT. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 3, 85(8): 22–29, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjc.1109
The theory of instantaneous power in three‐phase four‐wire systems and its applications
Authors: Akagi Hirofumi , Ogasawara Satoshi , Kim Hyosung 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis paper discusses “thep–qtheory” and “the cross‐vector theory” in three‐phase four‐wire systems, with the focus on similarities and differences between the two theories. They are perfectly identical if no zero‐sequence voltage is included in a three‐phase three‐wire system. However, they are different in definition of the instantaneous active power and instantaneous reactive power in each phase if a zero‐sequence voltage or current is included in a three‐phase four‐wire system. Based on both theory and computer simulation, this paper leads to the following conclusions: An instantaneous reactive‐power compensator without energy storage components can fully compensate for the neutral current even in a three‐phase four‐wire system including a zero‐sequence voltage or current, when a proposed control strategy based on thep–qtheory is applied: However, the compensator cannot compensate for the neutral current fully, when a conventional control strategy based on the cross‐vector theory is applied. © 2001 Scripta Technica, Electr Eng Jpn, 135(3): 74–86, 2001