bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ON EVALUATION OF GENERALIZED EULER SUMS OF EVEN WEIGHT
Authors: EIE MINKING , LIAW WEN-CHIN , YANG FU-YAO 
Published: September 2005

The classical Euler sum [Formula: see text] cannot be evaluated when the weight p + q is even unless p = 1 or p = q or (p, q) = (2, 4) or (p, q) = (4, 2) [7]. However it is a different story if instead we consider the alternating sums [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] They can be evaluated for even weight p + q. In this paper, we shall evaluate a family of generalized Euler sums containing [Formula: see text] when the weight p + q is even via integral transforms of Bernoulli identities.
Perpetration-induced Traumatic Stress in Persons Who Euthanize Nonhuman Animals in Surgeries, Animal Shelters, and Laboratories
Authors: Bennett Pauleen , Rohlf Vanessa 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThis study explored possible identification of Perpetration-induced Traumatic Stress (PITS) in workers whose occupations required euthanizing nonhuman animals and determining whether event or person-related factors influenced symptoms. The sample included 148 animal workers: veterinarians, veterinary nurses, and research and animal shelter staff. The Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R) assessed traumatic stress. Experimenters constructed additional scales measuring satisfaction with social support, participation in various types of training, and concern over animal death. More than 70% of participants reported affinity toward animals had strongly influenced their occupation selection. Half the sample perceived animal death—particularly euthanasia—as one of the least desirable jobs. Of the sample, 11% reported experiencing moderate levels of traumatic symptoms. The study found lower levels of euthanasia-related stress were associated with increased satisfaction with social support and length of time working with animals. Those who reported high levels of concern about animal death reported higher levels of euthanasia-related stress. The study found occupational context was not associated with different levels of euthanasia-related stress symptoms—even though reasons for administering euthanasia differed significantly between occupations.
Why Do Some Infants Survive and Others Not? Determinants of Infant Mortality in the Mewat Region of Haryana State, India
Authors: Jatrana Santosh 
Published: September 2005

AbstractInfants and children are the most vulnerable group for morbidity and mortality. Consequently, infant and child mortality has long been of interest to demographers. Unlike the causes of death for the elderly, a high proportion of the deaths of children under the age of five years in developing countries is believed to be preventable through fairly simple medical attention (Zheng, 1993). High infant and child mortality may present one of the greatest health problems in today's developing world, and research on the covariates of infant and child mortality, as well as mortality differentials in different socio-economic groups of a population, is particularly important for both social policy makers and health programme planners in developing countries.
Un Ecart Infime (Part I): Foucault's Critique of the Concept of Lived-Experience ( Vécu)
Authors: Lawlor Leonard 
Published: September 2005

AbstractIn this essay, I start from Foucault's last text, his "Life: Experience and Science." Speaking of Canguilhem, Foucault makes a distinction between "le vécu" (lived-experience) and "le vivant" (the living). I then examine this difference between "le vécu" (lived-experience) and "le vivant" (the living); that is, I examine the different logics, we might say, of immanence that each concept implies. To do this, I reconstruct the "critique" that Foucault presents of the concept of vécu in the ninth chapter of The Order of Things (Les Mots et les choses): "Man and His Doubles." I try to show how this critique applies to the early Merleau-Ponty, the Merleau-Ponty of the Phenomenology of Perception. Then, I construct the positive logic of Foucault's relation of immanence by means of another text, which is contemporaneous with Les Mots et les choses: This is not a Pipe. The critique of the concept of vécu is based on the fact that the relationship in vécu is a mixture (un mélange) that closes "un écart infime." Conversely, Foucault's conception of the relationship in "le vivant" is one that dissociates and keeps "l'écart infime" open. At the end, I suggest, through three "landmarks," how Foucault's critique might be applied to the later Merleau-Ponty. This essay is Part I of a trilogy on Merleau-Ponty and Foucault. Part II concerns Merleau-Ponty's "mixturism," while Part III concerns "the blind spot" in Foucault. These three texts complete the work necessary to open the problem of memory and life.
"Phenomenology Is the Poetic Essence of Philosophy": Maurice Natanson on the Rule of Metaphor
Authors: Crowell Steven 
Published: September 2005

AbstractTaking Maurice Natanson's posthumously published book, The Erotic Bird: Phenomenology in Literature, as its point of departure, the essay argues that "fictive reality" is the specific content of transcendental-phenomenological reflection. Elaborating this concept allows us to see how phenomenological concepts such as constitution, horizon, and the "transcendental" have a tropological, rather than a psychological, meaning. Specifically, the article considers the metonymical structure of reality's "spatial horizon" and the metaphorical structure of reality's "temporal horizon." This latter is demonstrated on Natanson's analysis of Thomas Mann's concept of the "leitmotiv" in The Magic Mountain. The essay concludes by pointing toward the ontology of metaphor entailed by Natanson's analysis, while suggesting the difference between phenomenology, as the "poetic essence" of philosophy, and philosophy itself, as the categorial elaboration of what phenomenology uncovers.
Hinduism to Hindus in the Western Diaspora
Authors: Dhand Arti 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThis article reflects on some of the methodological issues pertaining to situations in which both instructor and students belong to the same religious tradition as that about which the course is taught. It is framed within questions of scholarly objectivity and privilege to represent religious traditions. In a political atmosphere in which it has become increasingly suspect for "Outsiders" to teach traditions that they do not personally confess, this article engages the reverse scenario: what pedagogical challenges confront the professor who is an "Insider" to the tradition she teaches?
A pragmatic critique of three kinds of religious naturalism
Authors: Pihlström Sami 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThis paper takes a critical look at a number of recent attempts to reconcile religious and scientifi c ways of thinking. Three basic programs of what I call "religious naturalism" are discussed: (1) attempts to synthesize science and religion by defending a combination of (Christian) theism and naturalism by means of the concept of emergence; (2) "demythologized" interpretations of religious statements, allegedly rendering them compatible with science (for example, in John Dewey's pragmatic naturalism or in the religious naturalism inherited from the Chicago School of liberal theology); and (3) a form of naturalism analogous to Arthur Fine's "natural ontological attitude" (NOA), debated in the philosophy of science over the past two decades. I suggest that (1) amounts to a nonreductively naturalist metaphysics, whereas (2) is a nonmetaphysical and (3) a postmetaphysical program in the philosophy of religion. It is argued, among other things, that while the concept of emergence has become increasingly relevant in the philosophy of mind and science, its place in the philosophy of religion remains obscure. Similarly, nonmetaphysical discussions of religious experiences or "the religious" à la Dewey and his followers are difficult to combine with genuinely religious views. Further, it is hard to see how postmetaphysical naturalism (NOA) could be part of a philosophically responsible program at all, because of its diffi culties in accounting for the normativity of ontological commitments. It is proposed that, instead of elaborating on these pseudo-solutions, the problem of the relation between science and religion should be subordinated to a pragmatist re-evaluation.
Seronegative systemic lupus erythematosus: etiology of nephrotic syndrome and acute renal failure in early postpartum period
Authors: Ozdemir F N , Elsurer R , Akcay A , Ozdemir B H , Sezer S , Kuscu E , Haberal M 
Published: September 2005

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune syndrome that occurs most commonly in women during their reproductive years. Nephritis is known to be one of the most serious complications of SLE. Lupus nephropathy is frequently associated with ANA and anti-dsDNA antibodies. Rarely, serological markers may be initially absent, and in many cases, they become positive after sometime. We present a 28-year old, otherwise healthy female who admitted to our clinic with edema, hypertension, proteinuria and acute renal failure following her fourth delivery. Serum immunological markers were negative and renal biopsy showed histopathological changes consistent with systemic lupus erythematosus as the etiology of nephrotic syndrome. A dramatic therapeutic response was achieved by pulse steroid and cyclophosphamide treatment following oral steroid therapy. In women with new onset nephrotic syndrome or renal function deterioration in postpartum period, even if the patient is asymptomatic or seronegative, it is crucial to exclude SLE for a rapid diagnosis and prompt treatment in the case of lupus nephritis. Renal biopsy is of diagnostic importance in such cases in which there is no other clinical, biochemical and serological evidence of the disease.
A Novel Route to the Synthesis of α-Arylselenosubstituted Carbonyl Compounds and Nitriles
Authors: Beletskaya Irina , Sigeev Alexander , Peregudov Alexander , Petrovskii Pavel 
Published: September 2005

Abstract
Activated alkyl halides such as α-halocarbonyl compounds and α-halonitriles easily react with tributyltin arylselenides both in fluoride-mediated reaction and without any additives. The former protocol gives corresponding selenides under the mild conditions in near quantitative yields.
Generalization of the Projection Space Improves the SAC-SD (symmetry-adapted cluster-singles and doubles) Method in Bond-breaking Systems
Authors: Hasegawa Jun-ya , Nakatsuji Hiroshi 
Published: September 2005

Abstract
The equation for nonvariational SAC-SD method has been generalized to have multireference projection space. The results show significant improvements in the description of the potential curves especially in the bond-breaking region.
Nonphotochemical Synthesis of a Base-free Silyl(silylene)iron Complex and Its Reaction with CO: Another Direct Evidence for Reversible 1,2- and 1,3-Group Migrations
Authors: Hashimoto Hisako , Matsuda Akihisa , Tobita Hiromi 
Published: September 2005

Abstract
A base-free silyl(silylene)iron complex 1, which had been originally synthesized by a photochemical method, was prepared in higher yield by a newly developed thermal method. Reaction of this silyl(silylene)iron complex 1 with CO at 80 °C cleanly produced a mixture of two isomeric disilanyliron complexes 6 and 6′ via 1,3-group migrations followed by 1,2-silyl migration. Oppositely, each of disilanyl complexes 6 and 6′ reproduced the silyl(silylene)iron complex 1 with a release of CO almost quantitatively at room temperature by irradiation with a fluorescent lamp.
The Cactus-like Organic-grafted Silica Balls as the Supporter of TiO2 Photocatalyst
Authors: Xu Yao , Cui Yanxia , Wu Dong , Sun Yu Han 
Published: September 2005

Abstract
Cactus-like organic-grafted silica balls synthesized by m-XDI, APTES, and PDMS was used as supporter of anatase TiO2 to improve the separation of TiO2 photocatalyst.
2004 Transportation Science and Logistics Section Dissertation Prize Competition
Authors: Snyder Lawrence , Figliozzi Miguel , Casello Jeffrey Michael , Chang Elaine J. , Chin Chi-Nan , Crittin Frank , Garrow Laurie , Goncalves Paulo , Huisman Dennis , Jin Wenlong , Kang Laura Sumi , Li Zongzhi , Logghe Steven , Peeters Leon , Stier-Moses Nicolas E. , Xiao Weihua 
Published: September 2005

The Transportation Science and Logistics (TSL) Section Dissertation Prize Competition is the oldest and most prestigious competition for doctoral dissertations in the transportation science and logistics area. The 2004 TSL dissertation prize committee consisted of Professor Ravi Ahuja (University of Florida), Professor Amy Cohn (Michigan University), Professor Randy Hall (University of Southern California), Professor Mark Hickman (Arizona University), and Professor Patrick Jaillet (Massachusetts Institute of Technology). Eligible doctoral dissertations were those completed and submitted between June 1, 2003, and May 31, 2004, in the general area of transportation science and logistics. To be considered, a dissertation had to be nominated by the thesis supervisor. This year we received 16 nominations. In addition to the large number of submissions, the quality of the theses was outstanding. I would like to extend my sincere thanks to the committee members for the time, effort, and professionalism they devoted to the difficult task of judging these entries. The awards were announced at the 2004 INFORMS Meeting in Denver. It is important to remember that submissions to the TSL Dissertation Prize Competition are already distinguished by the fact that they have been nominated for the award. Each makes a unique and valuable contribution to transportation science and logistics, and all entrants and their advisors deserve warmest congratulations.
Pharyngeal Flap and Sphincterplasty for Velopharyngeal Insufficiency Have Equal Outcome at 1 Year Postoperatively: Results of a Randomized Trial
Authors:   VPI Surgical Trial Group, Åbyholm Frank , D'Antonio Linda , Davidson Ward Sally L. , Kjøll Lillian , Saeed Muhammad , Shaw William , Sloan Gerald , Whitby David , Worthington Helen , Wyatt Rosemary 
Published: September 2005

Objective The aim of this trial was to compare the relative effectiveness (efficacy and morbidity) of two surgical procedures for correcting velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI). Design This was an international multicenter randomized trial to study the outcome of two surgical procedures (flap and sphincter pharyngoplasty) for speech, incidence of sleep apnea, and surgical complications. Method Ninety-seven patients 3 to 25 years old with repaired cleft palate and previously identified VPI were enrolled from five centers in the United States, Norway, and the U.K. Data were collected at presurgery, 3 months postsurgery, and 12 months postsurgery for subsequent analysis blind to the procedure. Main outcome measures included perceptual speech parameters, sleep apnea, nasalance measures, endoscopic features, and surgical complications. Results Groups for both surgical procedures achieved a high level of clinical improvement. At 3 months postsurgery, elimination of hypernasal resonance was achieved in twice as many patients after the flap procedure. This reached significance. However, at 12 months postsurgery, no statistically significant difference in outcomes remained between the two procedures for resonance, nasalance, endoscopic outcomes, or surgical complications. Flap and sphincter pharyngoplasty rarely resulted in clinically significant sleep apnea, and no difference was detected between the two procedures in the long-term incidence of sleep apnea. Conclusions Despite strongly held views in the literature concerning the relative effectiveness and safety of flap and sphincter pharyngoplasty, no significant differences were detected 1 year postoperatively.
Morbidity of Chin Bone Transplants Used for Reconstructing Alveolar Defects in Cleft Patients
Authors: Booij A. , Raghoebar G. M. , Jansma J. , Kalk W. W. I. , Vissink A. 
Published: September 2005

Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the objective and subjective morbidity of symphyseal chin bone harvesting used for reconstruction of alveolar defects in young cleft patients. Design All patients who had undergone chin bone harvesting for alveolar cleft reconstruction in the period from 1992 through 2000 at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery of the University Hospital Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands, were invited to participate in this retrospective study. Patients’ acceptance, perioperative and postoperative morbidity were evaluated. A survey of the medical records was performed. In addition, the patients completed a questionnaire for their appreciation of the procedure. They were also subjected to a clinical and radiographic examination. Patients Thirty patients (21 males and 9 females; mean age 11.8 ± 3.6 years) participated in this study. Results Neither the medical records nor the experiences of the patients showed significant morbidity. The procedure was appreciated with 6.8 ± 3.5 (scale 0 to 10). Postoperative pain was scored as 1.2 ± 2.5 (scale 0 to 10). Three patients reported transient sensory disturbances at the donor site. Two patients showed a slight sensibility disorder in the symphyseal region. In three patients, an endodontic problem had developed in a lower incisor. Conclusion This study showed that chin bone harvesting for reconstructing alveolar cleft in young patients is a well-accepted procedure with low objective and subjective morbidity. Notwithstanding this low morbidity, the patients (and their parents) have to be informed about the risk of objective and subjective disturbances of the sensibility in the donor region and the risk of dental pulp necrosis.
Comparison of Nasalance Scores Obtained with the Nasometer 6200 and the Nasometer II 6400
Authors: Watterson Thomas , Lewis Kerry , Brancamp Tami 
Published: September 2005

Objective This study was designed to compare nasalance scores obtained with the old Nasometer 6200 and the new Nasometer II 6400, and to evaluate test-retest reliability of nasalance scores on each machine. Design Nasalance scores were obtained for 60 subjects reading each of two stimuli. Each subject read each stimulus two times on one machine; the headgear was removed and replaced and each stimulus was read a third time. The same procedure was then repeated with the second machine. Within machines, nasalance scores were compared for repeated stimuli with and without headgear change. The first reading of each stimulus with each machine was used to compare nasalance scores across machines. Participants The subjects were 60 adults with normal speech ranging in age from 19 to 59 years. Main Outcome Measures The main outcome measures were the 12 nasalance scores obtained for each of 60 subjects. Results For both passages, there was a significant difference in nasalance scores between the old Nasometer and the Nasometer II; however, the actual variability that could be attributed to a difference between machines was small. Most of the variability between machines could be explained as within-subject performance variability and variability associated with headgear change. There was no significant difference in repeated scores within machines with or without headgear change. Conclusions For clinical purposes, care should be exercised when comparing nasalance scores between the old Nasometer and the Nasometer II.
Histologic Study of Intravelar Structures in Normal Human Adult Specimens
Authors: Kuehn David P. , Moon Jerald B. 
Published: September 2005

Objective To describe more clearly the tissue composition and structure of the human soft palate with particular emphasis on the central portion between the faucial pillars. Specimens Nine female and three male normal adult human soft palate cadaver specimens. Results The anterior soft palate consists of fairly uniform layers. The anterior one fourth contains a substantial investment of mucous-secreting glandular tissue, as well as an abundance of adipose tissue. The tensor veli palatini tendon is prominent in the most anterior region just posterior to the hard palate and close to the nasal surface. The middle one third of the soft palate is largely invested with muscle tissue consisting of (1) levator veli palatini fibers coursing transversely across the midline without a septal interruption, (2) musculus uvulae fibers encapsulated in a sheath and coursing longitudinally, perpendicular to and cradled by the levator sling, and (3) palatopharyngeus fibers located laterally and not approaching the midline. Musculus uvulae is variable across and within specimens in terms of its paired versus unpaired nature. Conclusions The anatomy of the soft palate from the posterior border of the hard palate to the levator veli palatini sling is consistent among specimens, suggesting that structures in this region have a uniform function across subjects. The paired versus unpaired nature of musculus uvulae is variable both within and between specimens. The posterior one third of the soft palate is variable across specimens with regard to the relative amount and distribution of different tissue types.
Wall‐to‐bed heat transfer in gas–solid bubbling fluidized beds
Authors: Patil D. J. , Smit J. , van Sint Annaland M. , Kuipers J. A. M. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe wall‐to‐bed heat transfer in gas–solid fluidized beds is mainly determined by phenomena prevailing in a “thermal boundary layer ” with a thickness in the order of magnitude of the size of a single particle. In this thermal boundary layer the temperature gradients are very steep and the local porosity profile near the wall strongly influences the heat‐transfer rate. A two‐fluid continuum model based on conservation laws for mass, momentum and thermal energy has been developed accounting for the porosity distribution near the wall. To validate the model, local instantaneous wall‐to‐bed heat‐transfer coefficients were measured along a heated wall kept at constant temperature. The incorporation of a porosity profile by effective conductivities has remarkably improved the prediction of the heat‐transfer coefficients compared against that of previous studies. The predicted local instantaneous heat‐transfer coefficients are in good agreement with the experimental data for different jet velocities as well as for different particle sizes, provided that the near‐wall porosity profile is accounted for. Two sets of closure equations for the solids‐phase rheology (that is, the solids‐phase stress tensor) have been considered: the constant viscosity model (CVM) and the kinetic theory of granular flow (KTGF). For lower bed heights both models give good predictions of the wall‐to‐bed heat‐transfer coefficients, but the KTGF predictions at higher bed heights agree better with the experimental data than the predictions by the CVM as the result of a better description of the passage of the bubble along the wall. The influence of an additional kinetic contribution to the effective solids‐phase thermal conductivity arising from the fluctuating solids velocity was studied with the KTGF closures. Because of a large overprediction of the kinetic solids‐phase thermal conductivity the wall‐to‐bed heat‐transfer coefficients are largely overestimated when accounting for this additional contribution to the effective solids‐phase thermal conductivity. © 2005 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2006