bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A framework for understanding reliability in container shipping networks
Authors: Yue Zhongyun , Mangan John 
Published: October 2023

AbstractImproving reliability is increasingly regarded as an important topic in maritime transportation, especially given the significant impact that both uncertainty and delays in shipping and at ports have on the efficient flow of freight along wider supply chains. The term ‘reliability’ appears in different academic fields and with a variety of different meanings and interpretations. In transportation, reliability has been studied in most modes, but less so in the case of maritime containerisation. This paper reports on a systematic literature review of the concept of reliability in transportation, with a focus on reliability in container shipping networks. The selected papers were analysed to extract information according to the three identified sub-networks: (1) ports, including studies with a focus on infrastructure, service availability and risks in ports and hinterlands; (2) network structures, including the configuration of the networks, the vulnerability and resilience of the existing networks; (3) supply chains, including connectivity and planning of activities that integrate stakeholders within the supply chain. These sub-networks were then used to further query the database, searching for papers relevant to the research problem. Two research questions are addressed: (1) How is reliability best understood in the context of container shipping networks? (2) What are the determinants that affect container shipping network reliability? The review showed that there is no uniform definition of reliability in container shipping networks, but different approaches to understand it, depending on the theoretical perspective, have been adopted. Influencing factors and relevant metrics are discussed and a framework combining different dimensions of reliability, expressed as three themes, i.e., infrastructure reliability, network configuration reliability, and connectivity reliability, is developed. This can help both practitioners and researchers to understand in more detail the various dimensions and nuances of reliability specifically in the context of container shipping, its interrelationship with wider logistics systems and how, where possible, reliability can be improved.
Hierarchical shift of the Aedes albopictus microbiota caused by antimicrobiota vaccine increases fecundity and egg-hatching rate in female mosquitoes
Authors: Mateos-Hernández Lourdes , Maitre Apolline , Abuin-Denis Lianet , Obregon Dasiel , Martin Edwige , Luis Patricia , Maye Jennifer , Wu-Chuang Alejandra , Valiente Moro Claire , Cabezas-Cruz Alejandro 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Recent studies show that mosquito–microbiota interactions affects vector competence and fitness. We investigated if host antibodies modifying microbiota impact mosquito physiology. We focused on three prevalent bacteria (Acinetobacter, Pantoea, and Chryseobacterium), originally isolated from the Asian tiger mosquito Aedes albopictus. Our goal was to assess the impact of host antibodies on mosquito microbiota and life traits. Female mosquitoes were fed with blood from rabbits immunized with each bacterium or a mock vaccine. We compared various factors, including feeding behavior, survival rates, and reproductive success of the mosquitoes. Interestingly, mosquitoes fed with blood from a Chryseobacterium-immunized rabbit showed a significant increase in fecundity and egg-hatching rate. This outcome correlated with a decrease in the abundance of Chryseobacterium within the mosquito microbiota. While no significant changes were observed in the alpha and beta diversity indexes between the groups, our network analyses revealed an important finding. The antimicrobiota vaccines had a considerable impact on the bacterial community assembly. They reduced network robustness, and altered the hierarchical organization of nodes in the networks. Our findings provide the basis for the rational design of antimicrobiota vaccines to reduce mosquito fitness and potentially induce infection-refractory states in the microbiota to block pathogen transmission.
Reference populations for examining possible racial profiling
Authors: VanDerwerken Douglas N , Fowler Mary Santi , Kadane Joseph B 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Two recent Massachusetts Supreme Court cases, Commonwealth v. Long (2020) and Commonwealth v. Robinson-Van Rader (2023), have made it easier for defendants to successfully challenge police stops allegedly based on race or another protected class. Such challenges often consist, at least in part, of demonstrating that the racial distribution of those stopped by police differs meaningfully from the racial distribution of an appropriate reference population. We describe a series of cases, culminating in Long and Van Rader, that have clarified the legal standard required to mount a successful racial profiling challenge in Massachusetts as well as the nature of appropriate reference populations. In some of these cases, we served as expert witnesses.
Illuminating evaporating protostellar outflows: ERIS/SPIFFIER reveals the dissociation and ionization of HH 900
Authors: Reiter Megan , Haworth Thomas J , Manara Carlo F , Ramsay Suzanne , Klaassen Pamela D , Itrich Dominika , McLeod Anna F 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT
Protostellar jets and outflows are signposts of active star formation. In H ii regions, molecular tracers like CO only reveal embedded portions of the outflow. Outside the natal cloud, outflows are dissociated, ionized, and eventually completely ablated, leaving behind only the high-density jet core. Before this process is complete, there should be a phase where the outflow is partially molecular and partially ionized. In this paper, we capture the HH 900 outflow while this process is in action. New observations from the Enhanced Resolution Imager and Spectrograph/SPIFFIER near-infrared (IR) integral field unit spectrograph using the K-middle filter (λ = 2.06–2.34 μm) reveal H2 emission from the dissociating outflow and Br-γ tracing its ionized skin. Both lines trace the wide-angle outflow morphology but H2 only extends ∼5000 au into the H ii region while Br-γ extends the full length of the outflow (∼12 650 au), indicating rapid dissociation of the molecules. H2 has higher velocities further from the driving source, consistent with a jet-driven outflow. Diagnostic line ratios indicate that photoexcitation, not just shocks, contributes to the excitation in the outflow. We argue that HH 900 is the first clear example of an evaporating molecular outflow and predict that a large column of neutral material that may be detectable with Atacama Large Millimeter Array accompanies the dissociating molecules. Results from this study will help guide the interpretation of near-IR images of externally irradiated jets and outflows such as those obtained with the JWST in high-mass star-forming regions where these conditions may be common.
Evaluating transformative innovation policy in a formative way: Insights from Vinnova’s food mission experiment
Authors: Boni Alejandra , Velasco Diana , Molas-Gallart Jordi , Schot Johan 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This article presents the insights from an evaluation of a transformative policy experiment, in the food domain, conducted at the Swedish Agency of Innovation (Vinnova). To be consistent with the principles and objectives of these policies, it was necessary to implement a formative evaluation approach developed in the Transformative Innovation Policy Consortium (TIPC), that is supportive of experimental policies designed for highly complex and uncertain environments. The article presents the main characteristics of this approach and its differences and similarities with other proposals to assess transformative innovation policies. Next, the article describes how the evaluation was conducted in Vinnova during a 2-year engagement. Subsequently, the main insights gleaned from the process are highlighted in terms of (1) understanding the expectations of actors; (2) what has been learned by doing, from a technical and organizational point of view; and (3) the constraints that emerged during the engagement. It is then argued that the TIPC- formative evaluation approach challenges the role of evaluators, stretching them, and requires different attitudes from those that are common in evaluation practice.
Associations between parental adherence to healthy lifestyles and cognitive performance in offspring: A prospective cohort study in China
Authors: Lv Rongxia , Huang Yuhui , Huang Siyi , Wu Shiyi , Wang Siwen , Hu Guangyu , Ma Yanan , Song Peige , Chavarro Jorge E. , Subramanian S.V. , Lu Chunling , Li Zhihui , Yuan Changzheng 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background:
Previous studies have reported associations of specific maternal and paternal lifestyle factors with offspring's cognitive development during early childhood. This study aimed to investigate the prospective associations between overall parental lifestyle and offspring's cognitive performance during adolescence and young adulthood in China.

Methods:
We included 2531 adolescents aged 10–15 years at baseline in 2010 from the China Family Panel Studies. A healthy parental lifestyle score (ranged 0–5) was constructed based on the following five modifiable lifestyle factors: Smoking, drinking, exercise, sleep, and diet. Generalized estimating equation models were used to examine the association between baseline parental healthy lifestyle scores and offspring's fluid and crystallized intelligence in subsequent years (2012, 2014, 2016, and 2018).

Results:
Offspring in the top tertile of parental healthy lifestyle scores performed better in overall fluid intelligence (multivariable-adjusted β = 0.53, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.29–0.77) and overall crystallized intelligence (multivariable-adjusted β = 0.35, 95% CI: 0.16–0.54) than those in the bottom tertile of parental healthy lifestyle scores. The results were similar after further adjustment for the offspring's healthy lifestyle scores and persisted across the subgroups of parental socioeconomic status. Additionally, maternal and paternal healthy lifestyle scores were independently associated with better offspring's cognitive performance, with significant contribution observed for paternal never-smoking, weekly exercise, and diversified diet. When both parents and offspring adhered to a healthier lifestyle, we observed the highest level of the offspring's overall crystallized intelligence.

Conclusions:
Our study indicates that parental adherence to a healthier lifestyle is associated with significantly better offspring's cognitive performance during adolescence and early adulthood, regardless of socioeconomic status. These findings highlight the potential cognitive benefits of promoting healthy lifestyles among parents of adolescents.
A framework for untangling the consequences of artificial light at night on species interactions
Authors: Seymoure Brett , Dell Anthony , Hölker Franz , Kalinkat Gregor 
Published: October 2023

Although much evidence exists showing organismal consequences from artificial light at night (ALAN), large knowledge gaps remain regarding ALAN affecting species interactions. Species interactions occur via shared spatio-temporal niches among species, which may be determined by natural light levels. We review how ALAN is altering these spatio-temporal niches through expanding twilight or full Moon conditions and constricting nocturnal conditions as well as creating patches of bright and dark. We review literature from a database to determine if ALAN is affecting species interactions via spatio-temporal dynamics. The literature indicates a growing interest in ALAN and species interactions: 58% of the studies we analysed have been published since 2020. Seventy-five of 79 studies found ALAN altered species interactions. Enhancements and reductions of species interactions were equally documented. Many studies revealed ALAN affecting species interactions spatially, but few revealed temporal alterations. There are biases regarding species interactions and ALAN—most studies investigated predator–prey interactions with vertebrates as predators and invertebrates as prey. Following this literature review, we suggest avenues, such as remote sensing and animal tracking, that can guide future research on the consequences of ALAN on species interactions across spatial and temporal axes.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Light pollution in complex ecological systems’.
Long-term exposure to experimental light affects the ground-dwelling invertebrate community, independent of light spectra
Authors: Spoelstra Kamiel , Teurlincx Sven , Courbois Matthijs , Hopkins Zoë M. , Visser Marcel E. , Jones Therésa M. , Hopkins Gareth R. 
Published: October 2023

Our planet endures a progressive increase in artificial light at night (ALAN), which affects virtually all species, and thereby biodiversity. Mitigation strategies include reducing its intensity and duration, and the adjustment of light spectrum using modern light emitting diode (LED) light sources. Here, we studied ground-dwelling invertebrate (predominantly insects, arachnids, molluscs, millipedes, woodlice and worms) diversity and community composition after 3 or 4 years of continued nightly exposure (every night from sunset to sunrise) to experimental ALAN with three different spectra (white-, and green- and red-dominated light), as well as for a dark control, in natural forest-edge habitat. Diversity of pitfall-trapped ground-dwelling invertebrates, and the local contribution to beta diversity, did not differ between the dark control and illuminated sites, or between the different spectra. The invertebrate community composition, however, was significantly affected by the presence of light. Keeping lights off during single nights did show an immediate effect on the composition of trapped invertebrates compared to illuminated nights. These effects of light on species composition may impact ecosystems by cascading effects across the food web.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Light pollution in complex ecological systems’.
How artificial light at night may rewire ecological networks: concepts and models
Authors: Sanders Dirk , Hirt Myriam R. , Brose Ulrich , Evans Darren M. , Gaston Kevin J. , Gauzens Benoit , Ryser Remo 
Published: October 2023

Artificial light at night (ALAN) is eroding natural light cycles and thereby changing species distributions and activity patterns. Yet little is known about how ecological interaction networks respond to this global change driver. Here, we assess the scientific basis of the current understanding of community-wide ALAN impacts. Based on current knowledge, we conceptualize and review four major pathways by which ALAN may affect ecological interaction networks by (i) impacting primary production, (ii) acting as an environmental filter affecting species survival, (iii) driving the movement and distribution of species, and (iv) changing functional roles and niches by affecting activity patterns. Using an allometric–trophic network model, we then test how a shift in temporal activity patterns for diurnal, nocturnal and crepuscular species impacts food web stability. The results indicate that diel niche shifts can severely impact community persistence by altering the temporal overlap between species, which leads to changes in interaction strengths and rewiring of networks. ALAN can thereby lead to biodiversity loss through the homogenization of temporal niches. This integrative framework aims to advance a predictive understanding of community-level and ecological-network consequences of ALAN and their cascading effects on ecosystem functioning.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Light pollution in complex ecological systems’.
Scaling artificial light at night and disease vector interactions into socio-ecological systems: a conceptual appraisal
Authors: Coetzee Bernard W. T. , Burke Ashley M. , Koekemoer Lizette L. , Robertson Mark P. , Smit Izak P. J. 
Published: October 2023

There is burgeoning interest in how artificial light at night (ALAN) interacts with disease vectors, particularly mosquitoes. ALAN can alter mosquito behaviour and biting propensity, and so must alter disease transfer rates. However, most studies to date have been laboratory-based, and it remains unclear how ALAN modulates disease vector risk. Here, we identify five priorities to assess how artificial light can influence disease vectors in socio-ecological systems. These are to (i) clarify the mechanistic role of artificial light on mosquitoes, (ii) determine how ALAN interacts with other drivers of global change to influence vector disease dynamics across species, (iii) determine how ALAN interacts with other vector suppression strategies, (iv) measure and quantify the impact of ALAN at scales relevant for vectors, and (v) overcome the political and social barriers in implementing it as a novel vector suppression strategy. These priorities must be addressed to evaluate the costs and benefits of employing appropriate ALAN regimes in complex socio-ecological systems if it is to reduce disease burdens, especially in the developing world.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Light pollution in complex ecological systems’.
Forest tree extracts induce resistance toPseudomonas syringaepv.tomatoin Arabidopsis
Authors: Soltaniband Veedaa , Barrada Adam , Delisle-Houde Maxime , Dorais Martine , Tweddell Russell J. , Michaud Dominique 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe widespread use of conventional pesticides to control plant fungal and bacterial pathogens poses significant risks to human health and the environment, and there is an urgent need for safer and more sustainable alternatives in agricultural management. Studies have shown that plant extracts can be effective in controlling plant diseases either by directly targeting the pathogens or by reinforcing the host plant’s own defenses. Here, we examined the potential of ethanolic extracts from forest tree species eastern hemlock, English oak, eastern red cedar and red pine for their antibacterial activity againstPseudomonas syringaepv.tomato(Pst) strain DC3000 and the ability of these forestry by-products to trigger effective defense responses in the model plantArabidopsis thaliana.ResultsThe four tree extracts exhibited direct toxic effects againstPstDC3000, as notably observed for the English oak extract inhibiting bacterial growth and showing bactericidal activity at relatively low concentrations. Using an Arabidopsis line expressing reporter protein ß-glucuronidase under the control of a salicylic acid-inducible pathogenesis-related protein gene promoter, the extracts were shown also to induce defense-related genes expression in leaf tissue. RT-qPCR assays with DNA primers for different gene markers further confirmed this conclusion and highlighted gene-inducing effects for the tree extracts triggering, at different rates, the expression of salicylic acid- and oxidative stress-responsive genes. The extracts direct antibacterial effects, combined with their defense gene-inducing effectsin planta, resulted in a strong host plant-protecting effect againstPstDC3000 associated with bacterial growth rates reduced by ∼75 to 98% seven days post-infection, depending on the extract.ConclusionsThese findings show the effectiveness of tree extracts as eventual plant protectants against the plant bacterial pathogenPst. In a broader perspective, they suggest the potential of these forestry by-products as a source of bioactive compounds useful in plant protection and as a sustainable, eco-friendly alternative to conventional synthetic pesticides for the management of economically important plant pathogens.
Gut microbiota promotes pain in fibromyalgia
Authors: Cai Weihua , Haddad May , Haddad Rana , Kesten Inbar , Hoffman Tseela , Laan Reut , Wong Calvin , Brown Nicole , Tansley Shannon , Lister Kevin C. , Hooshmandi Mehdi , Wang Feng , Sharif Behrang , Westfall Susan , Sahar Tali , Clayton Charlotte , Wu Neil , Zhang Ji , Bar-Yoseph Haggai , Pitashny Milena , Mogil Jeffrey S. , Prager-Khoutorsky Masha , Séguéla Philippe , King Irah L. , De Koninck Yves , Brereton Nicholas J.B , Gonzalez Emmanuel , Shir Yoram , Minerbi Amir , Khoutorsky Arkady 
Published: October 2023

AbstractFibromyalgia is a chronic syndrome characterized by widespread pain in the absence of evident tissue injury or pathology, making it one of the most mysterious chronic pain conditions. Despite affecting 2–4% of the population, primarily women1, the cause and underlying mechanisms of fibromyalgia remain elusive, and effective targeted treatments are currently unavailable. The gut microbiota of women with fibromyalgia differs from healthy controls2,3. However, it is unknown whether changes in gut microbiota have a causal role in mediating pain and other symptoms of fibromyalgia. Here, we show that fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) from individuals with fibromyalgia, but not from healthy controls, into germ-free mice induces persistent pain hypersensitivity. FMT from fibromyalgia patients led to a reduction in intraepidermal nerve fiber density and alterations in the peripheral immune profile, and induced activation of spinal microglia, which contributed to the development of pain in mice. Notably, the pain hypersensitivity in mice that were administered microbiota from fibromyalgia patients resolved after FMT from healthy controls. Consistent with these findings, an open-label pilot study showed that transplanting microbiota from healthy individuals to humans with fibromyalgia alleviated pain and reduced overall symptom severity. Thus, altered gut microbiota has a causal role in fibromyalgia pain, highlighting it as a promising target for therapeutic interventions.
APOE4poses opposite effects of plasma LDL on white matter integrity in older adults
Authors: Ye Zhenyao , Pan Yezhi , McCoy Rozalina G. , Bi Chuan , Chen Mo , Feng Li , Yu Jiaao , Lu Tong , Liu Song , Gao Si , Hatch Kathryn S. , Ma Yizhou , Chen Chixiang , Mitchell Braxton D. , Thompson Paul M. , Hong L. Elliot , Kochunov Peter , Ma Tianzhou , Chen Shuo 
Published: October 2023

AbstractINTRODUCTIONAPOE4 is a strong genetic risk factor of Alzheimer’s disease and is associated with changes in metabolism. However, the interactive relationship between APOE4 and plasma metabolites on the brain remains largely unknown.MEHODSIn the UK Biobank, we investigated the moderation effects of APOE4 on the relationship between 249 plasma metabolites derived from nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy on whole-brain white matter integrity, measured by fractional anisotropy using diffusion magnetic resonance imaging.RESULTSThe increase in the concentration of metabolites, mainly LDL and VLDL, is associated with a decrease in white matter integrity (b= -0.12, CI= [-0.14, -0.10]) among olderAPOE4carriers, whereas an increase (b= 0.05, CI= [0.04, 0.07]) among non-carriers, implying a significant moderation effect ofAPOE4(b= -0.18, CI= [-0.20,-0.15]).DISCUSSIONThe results suggest that lipid metabolism functions differently inAPOE4carriers compared to non-carriers, which may inform the development of targeted interventions forAPOE4carriers to mitigate cognitive decline.