bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estradiol and cognition during androgen deprivation in men with prostate carcinoma
Authors: Salminen Eeva K. , Portin R.I. , Koskinen A.I. , Helenius H.Y.M. , Nurmi M.J. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe adverse effects of hormonal manipulation in prostate carcinoma need to be established in view of its increasing use as an adjuvant treatment. This prospective study investigated the association of androgen deprivation‐induced estradiol decline with cognition in prostate carcinoma.METHODSCognitive testing of prostate carcinoma patients was carried out at baseline and at 6 and 12 months on androgen deprivation (AD). Cognitive performances were evaluated with standardized measures of information processing, including working memory and attention, visual and verbal skills, and memory performances in 31 tests. Testosterone and estradiol changes during AD were measured with the DELFIA® (PerkinElmer, Inc., Wellesley, MA) system. Associations between changes in cognitive performances and estradiol decline were studied.RESULTSCognitive performances, which were significantly associated with decline in estradiol, included visual memory of figures (r = −0.52; P = 0.022) and recognition speed of numbers, which were impaired, (r = −0.57; P = 0.030) at 6 months, and improvement in verbal fluency (r = −0.52; P = 0.019) at 12 months. Other cognitive domains appeared unaffected by estradiol decline. The character of change (impairment or improvement) depended on the magnitude of estradiol decline.CONCLUSIONSThe cognitive domains of verbal fluency, visual recognition, and visual memory were associated with decline in estradiol during androgen deprivation. The results suggest selective associations among testosterone decline, estradiol, and cognitive performance. Documentation of these associations has implications for informed patient support in hormonally treated prostate carcinoma. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Hair cell regeneration in sensory epithelia from the inner ear of a urodele amphibian
Authors: Taylor Ruth R. , Forge Andrew 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe capacity of urodele amphibians to regenerate a variety of body parts is providing insight into mechanisms of tissue regeneration in vertebrates. In this study the ability of the newt, Notophthalmus viridescens, to regenerate inner ear hair cells in vitro was examined. Intact otic capsules were maintained in organotypic culture. Incubation in 2 mM gentamicin for 48 hours resulted in ablation of all hair cells from the saccular maculae. Thus, any hair cell recovery was not due to repair of damaged hair cells. Immature hair cells were subsequently observed at ∼12 days posttreatment. Their number increased over the following 7–14 days to reach ∼30% of the normal number. Following incubation of damaged tissue with bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU), labeled nuclei were confined strictly within regions of hair cell loss, indicating that supporting cells entered S‐phase. Double labeling of tissue with two different hair cell markers and three different antibodies to BrdU in various combinations, however, all showed that the nuclei of cells that labeled with hair cell markers did not label for BrdU. This suggested that the new hair cells were not derived from those cells that had undergone mitosis. When mitosis was blocked with aphidicolin, new hair cells were still generated. The results suggest that direct phenotypic conversion of supporting cells into hair cells without an intervening mitotic event is a major mechanism of hair cell regeneration in the newt. A similar mechanism has been proposed for the hair cell recovery phenomenon observed in the vestibular organs of mammals. J. Comp. Neurol. 484:105–120, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Estrogen receptor‐β, but not estrogen receptor‐α, is expressed in prolactin neurons of the female rat paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei: Comparison with other neuropeptides
Authors: Suzuki Shotaro , Handa Robert J. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractEstrogen receptor‐α (ER‐α) and ER‐β exhibit fine differences in their distributions in the rodent forebrain, and one such difference is observed in the paraventricular (PVN) and supraoptic (SON) nuclei. To investigate the functional significance of ER in these brain areas, we examined the neuropeptide characteristics of ER‐expressing neurons in the PVN and SON of female rats by using dual‐label immunocytochemistry. The distributions of ER‐α immunoreactivity (ir) and ER‐β ir were nonoverlapping in the PVN and SON. Nuclear ER‐α ir was found in a population of thyrotropin‐releasing hormone (TRH)‐expressing neurons in the PVN (5.93% ± 1.20% SEM), but not in any other identified cell phenotype of the PVN and SON. The phenotype of neurons with the highest percentage expressing ER‐β was found to be prolactin (PRL) immunoreactive in both the parvocellular (84.95% ± 4.11%) and the magnocellular (84.76% ± 3.40%) parts of the PVN as well as the SON (87.57% ± 4.64%). Similarly, most vasopressin‐immunoreactive neurons were also ER‐β positive in the PVN (66.14% ± 2.47%) and SON (72.42% ± 4.51%). In contrast, although a high percentage of oxytocin (OXY) neurons coexpressed ER‐β in the PVN (84.39% ± 2.99%), there was very little ER‐β/OXY colocalization in the SON. Low levels of corticotropin‐releasing hormone neurons also expressed ER‐β ir in the PVN (12.57% ± 1.99%), but there was no ER‐β colocalization with TRH. In summary, these findings further support the possibility of direct effects of estrogen on neuropeptide expression and implicate estrogen involvement in the regulation of various aspects of neuroendocrine function. J. Comp. Neurol. 484:28–42, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sexual dimorphism of vocal control nuclei in budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus) revealed with Nissl and NADPH‐d staining
Authors: Brauth Steven E. , Liang Wenru , Amateau Stuart K. , Robert Todd F. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractNissl staining and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate diaphorase (NADPH‐d) histochemistry were used to explore the existence of sexual dimorphism in vocal control nuclei of adult budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus), a parrot species capable of lifelong vocal learning. Behavioral studies indicate that adult males possess larger vocal repertoires than adult females and learn new calls more quickly. The results of the present study show that the volumes of all vocal nuclei, as measured using both Nissl‐stained and NADPH‐d‐stained material, as well as the total numbers of NADPH‐d neurons, were 35–110% greater in males. Furthermore, all vocal nuclei exhibit conspicuous NADPH‐d staining compared to surrounding fields in both adult males and females. Nevertheless, there were no significant gender differences in either the intensity of neuropil staining or the densities of NADPH‐d neurons in vocal nuclei. Moreover NADPH‐d neuron somal shapes were similar in males and females. Diameters of NADPH‐d neurons in vocal nuclei were 8.5–32% larger in males than in females. Greater size of NADPH‐d neuronal somata in males may be a general property of this cell type in budgerigars because a similar gender difference was found in a visual nucleus, the entopallium, which is not directly associated with the vocal control system and does not exhibit sexual dimorphism in total volume or total NADPH‐d neuron numbers. Taken together, the results of the present study favor the hypothesis that superior lifelong vocal learning ability in male budgerigars rests largely on larger volumes of vocal control nuclei in males rather than on sexual dimorphism in the internal composition of vocal nuclei. J. Comp. Neurol. 484:15–27, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Evidence for “direct” and “indirect” pathways through the song system basal ganglia
Authors: Farries Michael A. , Ding Long , Perkel David J. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractSong learning in oscine birds relies on a circuit known as the “anterior forebrain pathway,” which includes a specialized region of the avian basal ganglia. This region, area X, is embedded within a telencephalic structure considered homologous to the striatum, the input structure of the mammalian basal ganglia. Area X has many features in common with the mammalian striatum, yet has distinctive traits, including largely aspiny projection neurons that directly innervate the thalamus and a cell type that physiologically resembles neurons recorded in the mammalian globus pallidus. We have proposed that area X is a mixture of striatum and globus pallidus and has the same functional organization as circuits in the mammalian basal ganglia. Using electrophysiological and anatomical approaches, we found that area X contains a functional analog of the “direct” striatopallidothalamic pathway of mammals: axons of the striatal spiny neurons make close contacts on the somata and dendrites of pallidal cells. A subset of pallidal neurons project directly to the thalamus. Surprisingly, we found evidence that many pallidal cells may not project to the thalamus, but rather participate in a functional analog of the mammalian “indirect” pathway, which may oppose the effects of the direct pathway. Our results deepen our understanding of how information flows through area X and provide more support for the notion that song learning in oscines employs physiological mechanisms similar to basal ganglia‐dependent forms of motor learning in mammals. J. Comp. Neurol. 484:93–104, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Brief Kingston Standardized Cognitive Assessment—Revised
Authors: Hopkins Robert W. , Kilik Lindy A. , Day Duncan J. A. , Rows Catherine P. , Hamilton Pamela F. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractObjectivesThe Kingston Standardized Cognitive Assessment—Revised (KSCA‐R) was designed to be a cognitive screening tool available to health professionals who were not trained in specialized cognitive assessment techniques. It was introduced to bridge the gap between brief, narrowly focused rating scales, and intensive, expensive, full neuropsychological assessments. We now present the Brief Kingston Standardized Cognitive Assessment—Revised (BriefKSCA‐R).MethodsGroups of Alzheimer's disease patients, patients suffering from other dementias, and a group of normal community dwelling elderly were assessed using the BriefKSCA‐R.ResultsThis shortened version of the full Kingston Standardized Cognitive Assessment—Revised can be given in half the time while retaining most of the full KSCA‐R's effectiveness.ConclusionsSuitable for a quick screening, or follow‐up of patients already more fully assessed. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
White matter lesions on magnetic resonance imaging and their relationship with vascular risk factors in memory clinic attenders
Authors: Lazarus R. , Prettyman R. , Cherryman G. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractBackgroundThe association between white matter lesions on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and the presence of vascular risk factors has been investigated in different populations, and results have varied widely. However, this relationship has not been adequately addressed in memory clinic attenders who have relatively early cognitive impairment.ObjectivesThis study was undertaken to determine the relationship between the severity of white matter lesions and vascular risk factors in elderly subjects referred to a Memory Clinic, irrespective of their diagnoses. Patients attending the Memory Clinic had relatively early, mild cognitive impairment and differed, in this respect, from typical unselected community‐based samples and from patients with established dementia. The study also investigated whether periventricular and deep white matter lesions differed in their relationship with vascular risk factors.MethodsAll patients assessed in the Memory Clinic at Leicester General Hospital between April 1998 and October 2000 who had undergone an MRI scan were included in the study. They received a comprehensive clinical and cognitive assessment, a standard dementia laboratory screen and evaluation of vascular risk factors. MRI scans were reviewed by two independent raters and semi‐quantitative ratings of the severity of white matter lesions were made using standardised protocols. The relationship between cerebral white matter lesions and vascular risk factor variables was examined by multiple linear regression.ResultsOne hundred and seventy‐seven subjects were included in the study. The mean age was 69.8 and the mean MMSE score was 23.2. Of the risk factors investigated, only age and prior cerebrovascular disease were significantly associated with severe periventricular white matter lesions; age, hypertension and diabetes were significantly associated with severe deep white matter lesions.ConclusionsPeriventricular and deep white matter lesions are differentially influenced by vascular risk factors. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Adenocarcinoma of the nose and paranasal sinuses: A retrospective study of diagnosis, histologic characteristics, and outcomes in 24 patients
Authors: Orvidas Laura J. , Lewis Jean E. , Weaver Amy L. , Bagniewski Stephanie M. , Olsen Kerry D. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractBackground.Adenocarcinomas of the sinonasal cavity are unusual tumors with variable clinical courses.Methods.We conducted a retrospective chart review between 1980 and 2001.Results.Twenty‐four patients (17 men) with sinonasal adenocarcinoma were identified. Nasal obstruction was the most common presenting symptom (75%), and the nose was the most common site of involvement (83%). Eleven tumors (46%) were high grade (grade 3 or 4). Twenty‐three patients (95%) underwent an attempt at surgical excision with tumor recurrence or residual disease in seven. Age and tumor grade were associated with overall survival, and tumor grade and intracranial extension were associated with death from disease.Conclusions.Presentation and treatment for nasal adenocarcinoma varies widely. Some low‐grade variants of nasal adenocarcinomas seem to be associated with a more favorable prognosis and, depending on the extent of the tumor, can be treated with less‐aggressive therapy. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 27: XXX–XXX, 2005.
Gene expression in tissue associated with extracellular matrix modified ePTFE
Authors: Schwartz Mark A. , Stone Alice L. , Greer Kevin A. , Hoying James B. , Williams Stuart K. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractPrevious studies have established that surface modification of ePTFE with extracellular matrix molecules promotes vascularization within and around the implanted material. To understand the molecular basis of this tissue response to modified ePTFE, we analyzed large‐scale gene expression in nonmodified and extracellular matrix‐modified ePTFE‐associated healing. Using a microarray containing 15,000 unique mouse cDNAs and an ANOVA‐based analysis, we identified 789 genes related to cell signaling, inflammation, matrix remodeling, and proliferation that were differentially expressed across time, between modifications, or both. Genes were clustered based upon similarity in gene expression, producing 7 unique temporal super‐patterns of expression. The clustered data revealed 3 general expression patterns unique to tissue surrounding the nonmodified ePTFE, while 6 unique expression patterns were associated with extracellular matrix‐modified ePTFE. The more diverse expression patterns associated with extracellular matrix‐modified ePTFE suggests that the tissue surrounding the extracellular matrix‐modified ePTFE is more dynamic in terms of transcriptional activity. Taken together, these clusters serve as a “genetic fingerprint” for tissue healing in response to a specific material or material modification. Use of these genetic profiles will aid in the pursuit of improved device biocompatibility and enhanced material function. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 73A: 30–38, 2005
Osteogenic potential of injectable tissue‐engineered bone: A comparison among autogenous bone, bone substitute (Bio‐Oss®), platelet‐rich plasma, and tissue‐engineered bone with respect to their mechanical properties and histological findings
Authors: Ito Kenji , Yamada Yoichi , Nagasaka Tetsuro , Baba Shunsuke , Ueda Minoru 
Published: February 2005

AbstractRecently, tissue engineering has become available as a regenerative treatment for bone defects. However, the evaluation of its success is limited to histological analysis, and its effects on mechanical hardness remain to be investigated. This study investigated mechanical strength in support of histological findings, specifically for tissue‐engineered bone with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and platelet‐rich‐plasma (PRP). Initially, teeth were extracted, and bone defects on both sides of the mandible were prepared with a trephine bar. The defects were implanted by using the following graft materials: 1) PRP, 2) PRP and dog MSCs (dMSCs), 3) autogenous bone (PCBM), 4) bone substitute (Bio‐Oss®), and 5) control (defects only). After 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks of implantation, the defects were histologically assessed to examine their mechanical properties. According to histological observations, the dMSCs/PRP groups had well‐formed mature bone compared with the control (defects only), Bio‐Oss®, and PRP groups. The Vickers hardness test values were 8 (control), 9 (PRP), not detected (Bio‐Oss®), 11 (PCBM), and 17 (dMSCs/PRP) after 2 weeks. Therefore, tissue‐engineered bone can be used for early stage bone regeneration from the viewpoint of histology and mechanical properties. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 73A: 63–72, 2005
Mechano‐active scaffold design of small‐diameter artificial graft made of electrospun segmented polyurethane fabrics
Authors: Matsuda Takehisa , Ihara Maki , Inoguchi Hiroyuki , Kwon Il Keun , Takamizawa Keiichi , Kidoaki Satoru 
Published: February 2005

AbstractTo fabricate a “mechano‐active” tubular scaffold of nonwoven mesh‐type small‐diameter artificial graft made of the synthetic durable elastomer, segmented polyurethane, the fabrication technique of electrospinning on a mandrel under a high rotation speed and transverse movement was used. Emphasis was placed on how the rotation speed of the mandrel and the fusion or welding states of fibers at contact points affect the compliance (ease of intraluminal pressure‐dependent circumferential inflation) and Young's modulus determined by uniaxial stretching in the longitudinal and circumferential directions. The results showed that a high rotation speed is attributed to exhibit isotropic mechanical properties in the entire range of applied strain but reduces the compliance, and a high fusion state, which is produced using a mixed solvent with a high content of high‐boiling‐point solvent, reduces the compliance but is expected to exhibit high durability in a continuously loaded pulsatile stress field in an arterial circulatory system. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 73A: 125–131, 2005
Changes in intracellular sodium, chlorine, and potassium concentrations in staurosporine‐induced apoptosis
Authors: Arrebola Francisco , Zabiti Saloua , Cañizares Francisco J. , Cubero Maria A. , Crespo Pascual V. , Fernández‐Segura Eduardo 
Published: February 2005

AbstractIon gradients across the plasma membrane, fundamentally K+, play a pivotal role in the execution phase of apoptosis. However, little is known about other monovalent anions (Cl−) or cations (Na+) in apoptosis. In addition, the relationship between changes in total ion composition and morphological and biochemical events are poorly understood. We investigated simultaneous changes in sodium (Na), chlorine (Cl), and potassium (K) concentrations in stauroporine‐induced apoptosis by quantitative electron probe X‐ray microanalysis (EPXMA) in single cells. Apoptotic cells identified unequivocally from the presence of chromatin condensation in backscattered electron images were characterized by an increase in intracellular Na, a decrease in intracellular Cl and K concentrations, and a decrease in K/Na ratio. The ouabain‐sensitive Rb‐uptake assay demonstrated a net decrease in Na+/K+‐ATPase activity, suggesting that increases in Na and decreases in K and the K/Na ratio in apoptotic cells were related with inhibition of the Na+/K+‐ATPase pump. These changes in diffusible elements were associated with externalization of phosphatidyl serine and oligonucleosomal fragmentation of DNA. This alteration in ion homeostasis and morphological hallmarks of apoptosis occur in cells that have lost their inner mitochondrial transmembrane potential and before the plasma membrane becomes permeable. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Preparation of a surface molecular‐imprinted adsorbent for Ni2+ based on Penicillium chrysogenum
Authors: Su Haijia , Wang Zhixing , Tan Tianwei 
Published: February 2005

AbstractA new chitosan molecular‐imprinted adsorbent was prepared from the mycelium of waste biomass. The results showed that an adsorbent using Penicillium chrysogenum mycelium as the core material was better than one derived from peanut coat. The adsorption capacity of the surface‐imprinted adsorbent for Ni2+ was enhanced by increasing the chitosan concentration in the imprinting process. Epichlorohydrin was better than glutaraldehyde as a cross‐linking agent; the optimal imprinted Ni2+ concentration for preparing the surface‐imprinted adsorbent was 2 mg (Ni2+) g−1 of mycelium. The adsorption capacity of the surface‐imprinted adsorbent was 42 mg g−1 (at 200 mg dm−3 initial metal ions concentration) and twice that of the mycelium adsorbent. The surface‐imprinted adsorbent can be reused for up to 15 cycles without loss of adsorption capacity. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Analysis of supersaturation and nucleation in a moving solution droplet with flowing supercritical carbon dioxide
Authors: Mukhopadhyay Mamata , Dalvi Sameer V 
Published: February 2005

AbstractA supercritical antisolvent (SAS) process is employed for production of solid nanoparticles from atomized droplets of dilute solution in a flowing supercritical carbon dioxide (SC CO2) stream by attaining extremely high, very rapid, and uniform supersaturation. This is facilitated by a two‐way mass transfer of CO2 and solvent, to and from the droplet respectively, rendering rapid reduction in equilibrium solubility of the solid solute in the ternary solution. The present work analyses the degree of supersaturation and nucleation kinetics in a single droplet of cholesterol solution in acetone during its flight in a flowing SC CO2 stream. Both temperature and composition are assumed to be uniform within the droplet, and their variations with time are calculated by balancing the heat and mass transfer fluxes to and from the droplet. The equilibrium solubility of cholesterol with CO2 dissolution has been predicted as being directly proportional to the Partial Molar Volume Fraction (PMVF) of acetone in the binary (CO2–acetone) system. The degree of supersaturation has been simulated up to the time required to attain almost zero cholesterol solubility in the droplet for evaluating the rate of nucleation and the size of the stable critical nuclei formed. The effects of process parameters have been analysed in the pressure range of 7.1–35.0 MPa, temperature range of 313–333 K, SC CO2 flow rate of 0.1136–1.136 mol s−1, the ratio of the volumetric flow rates of CO2‐to‐solution in the range of 100–1000, and the initial mole fraction of cholesterol in acetone solution in the range of 0.0025–0.010. The results confirm an extremely high and rapid increase in degree of supersaturation, very high nucleation rates and stable critical nucleus diameter of the order of a nanometre. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry