bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tubomanometry‐Score as Predictor of Outcome for Balloon Eustachian Tuboplasty in Patients With Eustachian Tube Dysfunction
Authors: Holm Niels H. , Mirz Alexander , Ovesen Therese , Pfeiffer Christoph J. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the predictive value of tubomanometry (TMM) in predicting subjective outcome of Balloon Eustachian Tuboplasty (BET) in patients with long‐lasting Eustachian tube dysfunction (ETD).Study DesignRetrospective case series.SettingSingle tertiary referral center.MethodsA total of 111 ETD patients undergoing 194 BET procedures were included. Demographics, TMM measurements, and tympanograms were registered before and 3 to 6 months after BET. The time ratio between the pressure increase in the nasopharynx and the outer ear canal was labelled R value.ResultsAt follow‐up, 58.8% of the patients were satisfied with BET outcomes. The prevalence of normal R values increased significantly at 30 mbar (12%, P = .024), 40 mbar (14%, P = .0082), and 50 mbar (13%, P = .011). The prevalence of R = 0 decreased at all three pressure levels (−20%, P = .0001; −15%, P = .0013, and −16%, P = .0005, respectively). Type A tympanograms increased from 37% to 56% (P = .0002), while type B tympanograms decreased from 44% to 25% (P = .0006). Stratifying TMM measurements (R ≤ 1, R > 1, and R = 0) showed that preoperative R values were not prognostic of subjective outcome. Preoperative type B tympanogram indicated a risk of poor subjective outcome.ConclusionBET appeared to improve Eustachian tube function with reduced prevalence of pathologic R values and tympanograms. Although preoperative R values were not prognostic, TMM remains promising for assessing Eustachian tube function. Further studies are needed to refine TMM's role in predicting BET efficacy.
Secure Control of Networked Control Systems Under Replay Attacks: A Switching‐Like Approach
Authors: Du Xian , Wu Feiyue , Lian Jie 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThis paper focuses on the secure control design of networked control systems (NCSs) under replay attacks. Mitigating replay attacks is a challenging task since the statistical similarity between replayed signals and real observations makes them difficult to distinguish. Given the persistence of potential attackers and the probability of individual attack failures, a novel switching‐based replay attack model is introduced. By employing this replay attack model, NCSs vulnerable to replay attacks can be transformed into a class of switching‐like systems. Within the framework of the average dwell time switching strategy and multiple Lyapunov stability theory, sufficient conditions for the mean‐square exponential stability of the underlying system are presented. Compared with the existing control schemes using the delay‐based replay attack model, the proposed secure control method effectively reduces the impact of replay attacks on the control performance. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is validated through simulation experiments carried out on two practical systems.
Macrocycle‐based differential sensing: Design strategies and applications
Authors: Tian Jia‐Hong , Zheng Zhe , Pan Yu‐Chen , Wang Yuefei , Guo Dong‐Sheng 
Published: January 2025

AbstractDifferential sensing, inspired by the olfactory systems in mammals, utilizes the cross‐reactivity of multiple sensor units toward analytes to generate a distinctive fingerprint for each analyte. Widely acknowledged as a robust analytical technique, differential sensing has entered a flourishing era with the advancement of machine learning. Nevertheless, developing sensor units and optimizing signal transduction remain significant tasks left to chemists. Macrocyclic receptors serve as promising materials for constructing sensor arrays with enhanced cross‐reactivity, facilitated by their ease of synthesis and derivatization, inherent broad‐spectrum encapsulation capability, and compatibility with multiple responsive signal transduction approaches. Herein, we present a concise overview of the fundamental processes involved in a sensor array, encompassing array construction, signal transduction, and data acquisition and analysis, with an emphasis on the unique advantages provided by macrocyclic receptors in the former two aspects. Then, we present fascinating application scenarios where macrocyclic receptors shine in differential sensing that rely on various ingenious sensing strategies. Finally, we discuss several issues with potential improvement and future directions for macrocyclic receptor‐based differential sensing, offering a forward‐looking perspective.
The Harms of Class Imbalance Corrections for Machine Learning Based Prediction Models: A Simulation Study
Authors: Carriero Alex , Luijken Kim , de Hond Anne , Moons Karel G. M. , van Calster Ben , van Smeden Maarten 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTIntroductionRisk prediction models are increasingly used in healthcare to aid in clinical decision‐making. In most clinical contexts, model calibration (i.e., assessing the reliability of risk estimates) is critical. Data available for model development are often not perfectly balanced with the modeled outcome (i.e., individuals with vs. without the event of interest are not equally prevalent in the data). It is common for researchers to correct for class imbalance, yet, the effect of such imbalance corrections on the calibration of machine learning models is largely unknown.MethodsWe studied the effect of imbalance corrections on model calibration for a variety of machine learning algorithms. Using extensive Monte Carlo simulations we compared the out‐of‐sample predictive performance of models developed with an imbalance correction to those developed without a correction for class imbalance across different data‐generating scenarios (varying sample size, the number of predictors, and event fraction). Our findings were illustrated in a case study using MIMIC‐III data.ResultsIn all simulation scenarios, prediction models developed without a correction for class imbalance consistently had equal or better calibration performance than prediction models developed with a correction for class imbalance. The miscalibration introduced by correcting for class imbalance was characterized by an over‐estimation of risk and was not always able to be corrected with re‐calibration.ConclusionCorrecting for class imbalance is not always necessary and may even be harmful to clinical prediction models which aim to produce reliable risk estimates on an individual basis.
Hollow TiO2@TpPa S‐Scheme Photocatalyst for Efficient H2O2 Production Through 1O2 in Deionized Water Using Phototautomerization
Authors: Jiang Zicong , Zhang Jianjun , Cheng Bei , Zhang Yong , Yu Jiaguo , Zhang Liuyang 
Published: January 2025

AbstractHydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production through photocatalytic O2 reduction reaction (ORR) is a mild and cost‐efficient alternative to the anthraquinone oxidation strategy. Of note, singlet state oxygen (1O2) plays a crucial role in ORR. Herein, a hollow TiO2@TpPa (TOTP) S‐scheme heterojunction by the Schiff base reactions involving 1,3,5‐triformylphloroglucinol (Tp) and paraphenylenediamine (Pa) for efficient photocatalytic H2O2 production in deionized water has been developed. Upon irradiation, rapid phototautomerization of TaPa from enol to keto form expands π‐electron delocalization, facilitating effective conversion of the triplet excited state and consequent generation of 1O2. This mechanism is supported by time‐resolved electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectral analysis. Additionally, density functional theory calculations, in situ irradiated X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy reveal superior separation of photogenerated carriers in the TOTP S‐scheme composites. In deionized water, the TOTP2.4 S‐scheme heterojunction exhibits exceptional H2O2 production activity, yielding 891 µmol g−1 h−1, underscoring the critical role of 1O2 in the process. This research offers insights into the S‐scheme heterojunctions and emphasizes the pivotal role of 1O2 in enhancing H2O2 production efficiency.
Evolution Driven Microscale Combinatorial Chemistry in Intracellular Mimicking Droplets to Engineer Thermostable RNA for Cellular Imaging
Authors: Kinghorn Andrew Brian , Guo Wei , Wang Lin , Tang Matthew Yuk Heng , Wang Fang , Shiu Simon Chi‐Chin , Lau Kwan Kiu , Jinata Chandra , Poonam Aditi Dey , Shum Ho Cheung , Tanner Julian Alexander 
Published: January 2025

AbstractFluorescent light‐up aptamer/fluorogen pairs are powerful tools for tracking RNA in the cell, however limitations in thermostability and fluorescence intensity exist. Current in vitro selection techniques struggle to mimic complex intracellular environments, limiting in vivo biomolecule functionality. Taking inspiration from microenvironment‐dependent RNA folding observed in cells and organelle‐mimicking droplets, an efficient system is created that uses microscale heated water droplets to simulate intracellular conditions, effectively replicating the intracellular RNA folding landscape. This system is integrated with microfluidic droplet sorting to evolve RNA aptamers. Through this approach, an RNA aptamer is engineered with improved fluorescence activity by exploring the chemical fitness landscape under biomimetic conditions. The enhanced RNA aptamer named eBroccoli has increased fluorescence intensity and thermal stability, both in vitro and in vivo in bacterial and mammalian cells. In mammalian cell culture conditions, a fluorescence improvement of 3.9‐times is observed and biological thermal stability up to 45 °C is observed in bacterial systems. eBroccoli enable real‐time visualization of nanoscale stress granule formation in mammalian cells during heat shock at 42 °C. By introducing the concept of “biomimetic equivalence” based on RNA folding, the platform offers a simple yet effective strategy to mimic intracellular complexity in evolution‐based engineering.
Ultrabright and Stable Red Perovskite Nanocrystals in Micro Light‐Emitting Diodes Using Flow Chemistry System
Authors: Lin Yen‐Huei , Huang Wen‐Tse , Ngo Loan Thi , Gong Jiacheng , Hung Pei‐Chi , Chen Xueyuan , Chung Ren‐Jei , Liu Ru‐Shi 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAddressing the challenges of the efficiency and stability of red perovskite nanocrystals is imperative for the successful deployment of these materials in displays and lighting applications. the structural dynamic changes of red perovskite quantum dots (PQDs) are explored using a flow chemistry system to solve the above hurdles. First, the ultrabright red‐emitting PQDs of CsPb(Br,I)3 are achieved by adjusting ligand distribution (oleic acid and oleyamine) in combination with different flow rates and equivalence ratios. The PQDs exhibit an impressive photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of 95%. In addition, as mentioned in numerous previous studies, the severe instability of mixed halide perovskites is due to halide immigration. Therefore, in this paper, zinc, which has a lower dissociation energy than lead is utilized, as a reagent to provide more halide ions in the synthesis to enhance the stability of PQDs. As a result, a CsPb(Br,I)3@Cs4Pb(Br,I)6 core‐shell structure with outstanding stability and 92% PLQY is obtained. The simple method for synthesizing the core‐shell structure of CsPb(Br,I)3@Cs4Pb(Br,I)6 paves the way for the production of perovskite micro light‐emitting diodes for commercial applications.
Multi‐Functional Responsive Microcapsules with Sequential Release Capacity for Wound Healing
Authors: He Chengkai , Lin Xiang , Shang Luoran 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe development of biomaterials capable of on‐demand delivery holds significant promise for wound therapy. Current research is centered on refining design precision and enhancing structural functionality to achieve effective controlled release of active agents, thereby facilitating wound healing. In this study, a coaxial microfluidic electrospray technique is employed to fabricate microcapsules comprising a black phosphorus (BP)‐laden alginate shell and a gelatin methacrylate (GelMA) core. Curcumin nanoparticles (CNPs) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) are respectively incorporated into the shell and core of the microcapsules. The photothermal performance of the microcapsules contributed to superior sterilization efficacy in the early stages of wound healing, while the growth factors in the core provided robust angiogenic effects during the later stages. These attributes enabled the microcapsules to significantly accelerate wound healing, enhance collagen deposition, and modulate inflammatory responses in a rat wound model, underscoring their potential for clinical application.
Enhanced Photocatalytic Degradation of Chlorsulfuron by MoS2/MIL101(Fe) S‐Scheme Heterojunction: A Conversion Mechanism Dominated by Electrons and Long‐Lifetime Reactive Species
Authors: Liu Bingkun , Tian Weijun , Lu Zhiyang , Huo Bingjie , Zhao Jing , Zou Mengyuan , Chu Meile 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAltering the generation route of reactive species is a potent means to augment the photocatalytic activity. In this study, MoS2/MIL‐101(Fe) S‐scheme heterojunction (MF2) is prepared using a water/solvent thermal method for photocatalytic degradation of chlorsulfuron. Driven by the internal electric field, the local electron density of MF2 is redistributed, thus enhancing the adsorption of O2. This promoted charge transfer to generate e−, •, and H2O2 for efficient oxidation of chlorsulfuron. It is confirmed that photogenerated electrons and long‐lifetime reactive species (• and H2O2) played a major role. The degradation activity of MF2 for chlorsulfuron is much higher than MoS2 (42.21 times) and MIL‐101(Fe) (4.06 times). The charge transfer mechanism of the MF2 S‐scheme heterojunction is verified by experimental studies and Density Functional Theory simulation calculations. In addition, MF2 exhibited great potential for practical applications. This work provided new insights into the construction of S‐scheme heterojunctions and long‐lifetime reactive species‐dominated conversion mechanisms.
Heat‐Assisted Direct Photopatterning of Small‐Molecule OLED Emitters at the Micrometer Scale
Authors: Roh SeungHwan , Lee Seunghan , Ham Hyobin , Jhun Byung Hak , Yee Hyeono , You Youngmin , Kim BongSoo , Kang Moon Sung 
Published: January 2025

AbstractA crucial step in fabricating full‐color organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) displays is patterning the emissive layer (EML). Traditional methods utilize thermal evaporation through metal masks. However, this limits the achievable resolution required for emerging microdisplay technologies. Alternatively, direct photolithography, wherein the layer to be patterned serves as a photoresist, offers a cost‐effective method for producing high‐resolution displays. Direct photopatterning methods for small molecules used as EMLs in OLEDs are introduced. This method employs photopolymerizable vinylbenzyl moieties directly anchored to the host and dopant small‐molecule emitters. By photoinitiating a free radical polymerization reaction between the vinylbenzyl moieties under mild annealing conditions (60 °C), the EML can be photopatterned using an i‐line UV source. Mild annealing is critical for achieving polymerization reactions at a low UV irradiation dose (0.6 J cm−2) without degrading the luminescent properties of the emitters. This process is referred to as heat‐assisted direct photopatterning (HADP). Using HADP, red, green, and blue OLED emitters with a minimum pattern width of 2 µm are successfully fabricated. These OLED emitters can be patterned side‐by‐side by simply repeating the patterning steps three times. This method offers a promising alternative for producing patterns of small molecules desired for ultrahigh‐resolution OLED‐based microdisplay technology.
Interfacial Work Function Modulation of Wide Bandgap Perovskite Solar Cell for Efficient Perovskite/CIGS Tandem Solar Cell
Authors: Liu Pingping , Li Wenhuan , Li Jiarui , Wang Ziyao , Chen Xia , Yu Shen , Zheng Xue , Xie Chen , Tang Zeguo , Wu Shengfan , Li Weimin , Yang Chunlei , Zhang Jie 
Published: January 2025

AbstractWide‐bandgap perovskite solar cells (PVSCs), a promising top‐cell candidate for high‐performance tandem solar cells, often suffer from larger open‐circuit voltage (VOC) deficits as the bandgap increases. Surface passivation is a common strategy to mitigate these VOC deficits. However, understanding the mechanisms underlying the differences in passivation effects among various types of molecules remains limited, which is crucial for developing universal interface passivation strategies and guiding the design of passivation molecules. This study compares the passivation effects of phenethylammonium iodide (PEAI) and piperazine iodine (PI) on VOC in wide‐bandgap PVSCs with a 1.66 eV bandgap. Results show that PI significantly enhances VOC, whereas PEAI does not. This improvement is attributed to increased built‐in voltage (Vbi) in PI‐treated PVSCs, stemming from a lower work function, which enhances carrier selectivity at the contact interfaces. The champion power conversion efficiency of the PVSCs is 21.47%, with a VOC of 1.23 V and a VOC loss of 0.43 V. The strategy is also effective for PVSCs with bandgaps of 1.56 and 1.81 eV. By layering semi‐transparent perovskite top cells onto copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) bottom cells, a PCE of 26.36% is achieved in perovskite/CIGS 4‐terminal tandem solar cells.
Biomimetic Nanoplatform‐Mediated Protective Autophagy Blockage Enhancing Sonodynamic and Ca2+‐Overload Combined Therapy for Colon Cancer
Authors: Zhao Yuanru , Zhang Yujie , Zhang Yan , Zhang Yuanyuan , Deng Zhichao , Bai Ting , Zhang Mingxin , Zhang Mingzhen , Song Jian 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe application of a multimodal combination therapy based on a targeted nanodelivery system has been demonstrated to be more valuable in the treatment of cancer. In this work, a hollow polydopamine delivery system (CCC@HP@M) was designed to achieve sonodynamic and calcium‐overload combined therapy for colon cancer. The CCC@HP@M exhibits both homologous tumour‐targeting ability and pH‐responsive drug release properties, enabling the simultaneous targeted delivery of CaO2 nanoparticles/sonosensitizer Ce6/autophagy inhibitor CQ. The CaO2 nanoparticles as calcium agents capable of triggering Ca2+ overload in tumor cells. The oxidative stress produced by sonodynamic therapy is facilitated by the disruption of calcium homeostasis to enhance the effect of Ca2+ overload‐induced apoptosis. Furthermore, the O2 produced by CaO2 augments the sensitization of sonodynamic therapy. The autophagy inhibitor CQ can inhibit protective cellular autophagy, which is activated by sonodynamic therapy and Ca2+ overload. Consequently, autophagy blockage can ensure the therapeutic effect of sonodynamic and Ca2+‐overload combined therapy for colon cancer. The results of experiments in vitro and in vivo demonstrate that the stimulus‐responsive targeted delivery system achieves autophagy blockage augmented sonodynamic and Ca2+‐overload combined therapy of colon cancer. This work offers a promising theoretical basis for optimizing combined treatment strategies for tumors and clinical translational applications.
Advanced crown‐group Rossellidae (Porifera: Hexactinellida) resembling extant taxa from the Hirnantian (Late Ordovician) Anji Biota
Authors: Botting Joseph P. , Janussen Dorte , Dohrmann Martin , Muir Lucy A. , Zhang Yuandong , Ma Junye 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAmong living hexactinellids (glass sponges), the Rossellidae are one of the most distinctive species‐rich families because of their unique macroscopic characters and, due to the resulting fossil record, are among the most useful for tracing the origins of hexactinellid diversification. Recent discoveries have extended the origin of the total group back to the Ordovician, but these fossils have, so far, all been identified either as stem‐group representatives or as sponges with uncertain interpretation. New material described here from the Hirnantian (latest Ordovician) Anji Biota of Zhejiang, China includes demonstrable crown‐group representatives of the family, which also appear morphologically similar to living genera and may be closely related to them. The new taxa are described as Crateromorpha? (Neopsacas?) macrospicula sp. nov., Pseudanoxycalyx verrucosus gen. et sp. nov., Eorosselloides antiquus gen. et sp. nov. and Archaeaphorme conica gen. et sp. nov. The similarity to modern forms implies extraordinary evolutionary stasis of at least some members of the modern deep‐sea hexactinellid fauna since that time, and suggests that they had an even earlier origin and initial diversification. Possible examples of late Precambrian stem‐group hexactinellids remain ambiguous, potentially implying very rapid evolutionary appearance and divergence of the class during the Cambrian or earlier Ordovician. A possible driver of this evolutionary rate change is the remarkable longevity of modern hexactinellids as an adaptation to cold‐water environments; this potentially offers an explanation for discordances with molecular clock results, which have previously indicated a much later (late Palaeozoic) origin for total‐group Rossellidae.
Improving K‐12 Teachers' Use of Sheltered Instructional Practices to Support Multilingual Learners: Results From a National Professional Development Grant
Authors: Williams Cody T. , Protacio Maria Selena , David Virginia , Piazza Susan V. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTAccording to the Michigan Department of Education, between 2011 and 2017, the number of multilingual learners (MLs) enrolled in K‐12 schools in the state increased by more than 50%. In 2017, the average teacher to ML ratio in the state was an alarmingly low 1:168. To increase the number of teachers prepared to effectively serve MLs, we developed Project English Learners and Teacher Education (ELATE), a professional development program grounded in adult learning theories and centered around the Sheltered Instruction Observation Protocol (SIOP). SIOP is a research‐based instructional framework that aims to prepare teachers to bridge the gap between language and content instruction for MLs. It has the following eight components: lesson preparation, building background, comprehensible input, strategies, interaction, practice/application, lesson delivery, and review and assessment. Limited empirical research suggests that SIOP is a reliable tool for detecting instructional intervention effects. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to (1) add to the empirical research focused on SIOP and (2) determine the impact of an intensive professional development program on in‐service teachers' use of instructional practices for MLs. We implemented a quasi‐experimental study focused on Project ELATE, a 5‐year National Professional Development (NPD) program that trained 170 in‐service teachers in providing quality instruction for MLs. The primary goal of Project ELATE was to improve in‐service teachers’ knowledge and instructional skills for supporting and teaching MLs. Training included graduate courses, clinical experiences, video demonstrations, a conference, and instructional coaching. Data sources included pre‐ and post‐program observations, interviews, and written reflections. Results showed statistically significant SIOP score increases for participants from pre‐ to post‐program on all eight components, while controls showed no significant increases. Overall, the findings provide evidence that Project ELATE significantly improved teachers' ability to use sheltered instructional practices. Qualitative data highlighted that participants benefited from feedback from multiple sources, including an English as a Second Language coach, video observations, and professional learning communities. In summary, this NPD program demonstrated success in improving teachers' instructional practices for MLs.