bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring Canadian genetic counselors' perspectives and experiences with discussing medical assistance in dying (MAiD)
Authors: Candlish Rebecca C. , Creighton Susan , Pullman Daryl , Elliott Alison M. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractMedical assistance in dying (MAiD) is the Canadian equivalent of Physician aid‐in‐dying (PAD) in the United States. Through changes to the eligibility criteria for MAiD in 2021, Canada now has one of the most permissive assisted dying regimens in the world. This study describes Canadian genetic counselors' experiences, knowledge, and preparedness to discuss MAiD with their patients. Survey responses were collected from Canadian genetic counselors (n = 44) and were followed by semi‐structured interviews with 14 survey participants. Survey data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, and interview transcripts were analyzed using phronetic iterative analysis and an interpretive description approach. Survey data revealed that genetic counselors have discussed MAiD with patients referred for cancer, neurologic, metabolic, connective tissue, and cardiac indications (n = 18, 40.9%). While most thought that it was important for genetic counselors to be knowledgeable of (n = 41, 93.2%) and prepared to discuss MAiD (n = 43, 97.7%), many were not familiar with the eligibility criteria (n = 27, 61.4%) and the process for accessing MAiD in Canada (n = 29, 65.9%). Interview participants described discussions about MAiD that were initiated by themselves or their patients. Most participants felt prepared to explore a patient's thoughts about MAiD when the patient initiated the discussion but did not feel well‐prepared to share detailed information about MAiD. Participants were interested in education and professional guidance to assist them in preparing to discuss MAiD. Learning objectives were developed based on participants' suggestions to assist genetic counselors in their clinical work and self‐directed research and to aid in the development of professional guidelines and educational materials for practicing genetic counselors and genetic counseling trainees. As genetic counselors continue engaging in discussions about MAiD, it is critical that these sensitive conversations are approached with increased knowledge and awareness of MAiD legislation, the ethical issues surrounding MAiD in Canada, and relevant patient resources.
Evaluation of the effects of three different processing methods of aconite on rat metabolites based on high‐coverage pseudotargeted metabolomics
Authors: Wu Huifei , Zhang Wenxia , Wang ZhiEn , Lin Hui , Guo Jiayin , Quan Shijian 
Published: January 2024

Aconite is the processed product of the seed root of Aconitum carmichaelii Debx. Aconite is a commonly used traditional Chinese medicine, which is generally used after processing. Black aconite, light aconite, and salted aconite are three different processed aconite products. They have the effects of restoring yang and saving energy enemy, dispersing cold, and relieving pain. However, clinical aconite poisoning cases have frequently been reported. In our study, we investigated the effects of three different processed aconite products on the changes of metabolites in vivo. A total of 42 rats were randomly divided into seven groups with six rats in each group. After three consecutive days of intragastric administration of 2.7 g/kg of the aconite‐processed product, rat serums were obtained. The rat metabolites were detected using liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry. The altered metabolites related to aconite‐processed products were discovered by statistical analysis using metaboanalyst software. Our study is the first time to comprehensively evaluate the effects of three different processed aconite products on rat metabolites based on pseudotargeted metabolomics.
Ethylenediamine Salt Enhances the Solubility and Dissolution of Flurbiprofen
Authors: Gao Lei , Li Xiaojie , Yan Xiaolin , Zhang Xianrui 
Published: January 2024

AbstractDrugs that are poorly soluble in water are difficult to absorb orally, resulting in low bioavailability. Flurbiprofen (FLU) is an arylpropionic acid nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug belonging to BCS class II, with low water solubility. In this study, a novel flurbiprofen‐ethylenediamine salt (FLU‐EDA) was successfully prepared via solvent crystallization. Its crystal structure was determined via single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction (SXRD). Further, the physicochemical properties of FLU‐EDA salt were characterized by powder X‐ray diffraction (PXRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR). The solubility and intrinsic dissolution rate (IDR) of FLU‐EDA salt in water were investigated. The results showed that compared with FLU, the solubility and IDR of FLU‐EDA salt increased by 57‐fold and 32‐fold, respectively. This indicates that FLU‐EDA salt can significantly enhance the solubility and dissolution rate of flurbiprofen in water. This study provides basic data and theory for the development of new formulations of flurbiprofen.
Extracervical Approaches to Substernal Thyroid Goiter Resection: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Khan Najm S. , Zhang Yingting , Bollig Kassie , Bollig Craig A. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the prevalence of extracervical approaches (ECAs) for substernal goiter (SSG) excision.Data SourcesSearch strategies created in collaboration with a medical librarian were implemented using PubMed, Cochrane, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar from inception to July 2021.Review MethodsParticipants included adults ages >18 years undergoing SSG excision. The primary outcome was rate of ECA via sternotomy or thoracotomy. Studies were categorized into the 3 most common distinct definitions: goiter descending below the plane of the thoracic inlet (definition 1), ≥50% of thyroid mass extending below the sternal notch (definition 2), and goiter extending ≥3 cm below the suprasternal notch when the neck is hyperextended (definition 3). Two reviewers independently extracted data for analysis and performed a quality assessment using the Methodological Index for Non‐Randomized Studies criteria.ResultsOf the 551 studies identified, 69 studies were included for analysis. Definition 1 included 3441 patients from 31 studies; definition 2 included 2957 patients from 26 studies; and definition 3 included 2921 patients from 12 studies. A random‐effect model estimating the pooled prevalence of ECA using definition 1 resulted in prevalence of 6.12% (95% confidence interval: 3.48‐9.34, I2 = 90.72%).ConclusionExtension below the thoracic inlet is the most widely used definition of SSG. Approximately 6% of patients with a SSG undergo an ECA. Patients with SSG undergoing surgery should be counseled on the prevalence, risks, and morbidity of an ECA in the rare occurrence it is needed.
Does anti‐HPA‐1a affect birthweight in fetal and neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia?
Authors: McKelvy Margaret , Tyagi Srishti , Haar Emilie Vander , Lakkaraja Madhavi , Tomy Tim , Corke Stacy , Palmer Thea , Rottenstreich Amihai , Kapur Rick , Zhi Huiying , Newman Debra , Scatz‐Siemers Nina , Bussel James 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundFetal and neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (FNAIT) ensues from parental incompatibility for platelet alloantigens with maternal sensitization. HPA‐1a/1b incompatibility is the most common cause of FNAIT in Caucasians. Placental villitis and lower birthweight in FNAIT suggest anti‐HPA‐1a may have effects beyond inducing thrombocytopenia.ObjectivesDoes FNAIT secondary to anti‐HPA‐1a result in smaller newborns and, the corollary, does antenatal management of FNAIT increase birthweight?Study designBirthweights of 270 FNAIT‐affected newborns from a randomized clinical trial and a NAITbabies.org survey (135 paired siblings) were compared with those of published controls and treated to untreated FNAIT‐affected siblings. Birthweights were converted to percentiles to account for gestational age, sex, and role of birth order in birth weight. Body weights of FNAIT‐affected and ‐unaffected pups in a mouse FNAIT model were analyzed.ResultsUntreated siblings in both the clinical trial and NAITbabies.org cohorts were not small, compared with normal controls. However, treated siblings in both cohorts had significantly higher birthweight percentiles compared with their previous untreated affected sibling. After accounting for gestational age, sex, and birth order, increased birthweight percentile in treated compared with the untreated siblings remained significant in both cohorts. FNAIT‐affected neonatal mice had lower bodyweights than FNAIT‐unaffected pups.ConclusionsUntreated FNAIT‐affected newborns were not small; however, treatment of FNAIT‐affected pregnancies increased newborn birthweights despite corrections to account for other factors that might have influenced the results. High dose IVIG is believed to “block” FcRn and lower maternal anti‐HPA‐1a levels, and thus increase birthweights by reducing levels of maternal anti‐HPA‐1a and reducing placental villitis.
Exploring the effects of automation malfunction on team communication and coordination in ships' engine rooms
Authors: Tusher Hasan Mahbub , Nazir Salman , Mallam Steven , Yang Zaili , Asgher Umer , Rusli Risza 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAutomation malfunctions within complex socio‐technical systems reserve the potential to significantly affect human performance. In the context of maritime operations, varying consequences of automation malfunction on human performance can be observed. This study introduced a two‐step research framework to examine the repercussions of such malfunctions, particularly those related to communication and coordination among human teams in ship engine rooms. Initially, a qualitative semi‐structured interview was conducted with seven professional marine engineers to explore the potential impact of hypothetical automation malfunction on team communication. Subsequently, a quantitative survey involving 32 professional marine engineers employed coordination demand analysis (CDA) to scrutinize changes in team coordination resulting from malfunction. The findings indicate that an automation malfunction within an engine room can precipitate an abrupt overload of the socio‐technical system. This can significantly increase communication frequency among engineers, particularly in relation to the physical and organizational aspects of the environment. Furthermore, the study highlights the influence of disparate levels of expertise among team members on coordination demands. A positive correlation was discovered between differences in expertise and increased coordination demands within a team. These insights underscore the necessity for future research on human–automation interaction, specifically focusing on individual differences and nontechnical skills.
Exploring Brilliant Blue FCF Assembly with Beta Cyclodextrin, Characterizations and Applications in Biological Systems Using Physicochemical and Computational Methods
Authors: Saha Baishali , Barman Sanjoy , Mondal Modhusudan , Choudhury Subhankar , Saha Subhadeep , Bomzan Pranish , Ali Salim , Mallick Kangkan , Dutta Ankita , Kumar Anoop , Bhattacharjee Sanyukta , Nath Roy Mahendra 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis research delvedinto the BrilliantBlue FCF (BB) dye encapsulation within the nano hydrophobic cavity of β‐cyclodextrin (β‐CD) utilizing various spectroscopic and physicochemical techniques. Job's plot using UV‐visible and Fluorescence spectroscopy, surface tension, and conductance study confirmed 1 : 1 stoichiometry of theinclusion complex (BBIC).1H NMR and FT‐IR studies demonstrated the possible binding mode of BB into the β‐CD cavity, which wasin good agreement withthe DFT study. The degree of affinity of β‐CD for BB in the ground state and excited state were estimatedfromUV‐visible andFluorescence spectroscopy(binding constant=8113.9451 M−1and10199.563 M−1), andthe negative free binding energyshowedthe encapsulation process to bethermodynamically feasible. PXRD analysis and SEM image studies revealed the formation of the BBIC. After complexation with β‐CD, the photostability of BB was found to be enhanced. The interaction study of BB and BBIC with CT‐DNA revealed the sustained release of BB from the complex. Furthermore, neither BBICnor free BB exhibited a significant cytotoxic effect on the normal cell line HEK‐293. However, BBIC complex (IC50=6.15 μM) showed significant in vitrocytotoxic activity compared to pure BB (IC50=8.90 μM) towards cancer cell line A549.
An Efficient Synthesis and Characterization of Amine and Amide Derivatives of Ethyl 6‐(trifluoromethyl)nicotinate
Authors: Keesara Srinivasa Reddy , Bolla Ratnasekhar , Bharathkumar Hanumantharayappa , Varkolu Mohan 
Published: January 2024

AbstractA new bioactive amine and amide derivatives of trifluoromethyl pyridine was produced with good yields from commercially accessible and inexpensive starting materials and characterized using 1HNMR, 13CNMR, and mass spectrum analysis. We prepared all the intermediates in gram scale, it will be viable for industrial production, because the compounds contain a bioactive core component, trifluoromethylpyridine, they will be useful in developing new insecticides with improved therapeutic action.
Enhancing the Performance of 2D Tin‐Based Pure Red Perovskite Light‐Emitting Diodes through the Synergistic Effect of Natural Antioxidants and Cyclic Molecular Additives
Authors: Chen Chiung‐Han , Yu Ming‐Hsuan , Wang Yen‐Yu , Tseng Yu‐Cheng , Chao I‐Hsiang , Ni I‐Chih , Lin Bi‐Hsuan , Lu Yu‐Jung , Chueh Chu‐Chen 
Published: January 2024

AbstractTin (Sn)‐based perovskites are being investigated in many optoelectronic applications given their similar valence electron configuration to that of lead‐based perovskites and the potential environmental hazards of lead‐based perovskites. However, the formation of high‐quality Sn‐based perovskite films faces several challenges, mainly due to the easy oxidation of Sn2+ to Sn4+ and the fast crystallization rate. Here, to develop an environmentally friendly process for Sn‐based perovskite fabrication, a series of natural antioxidants are studied as additives and ascorbic acid (VitC) is found to have a superior ability to inhibit the oxidation problem. A common cyclic molecule, 18‐Crown‐6, is further added as a second additive, which synergizes with VitC to significantly reduce the nonradiative recombination pathways in the PEA2SnI4 film. This synergistic effect greatly improves the performance of 2D red Sn‐based PeLED, with a maximum external quantum efficiency of 1.87% (≈9 times that of the pristine device), a purer color, and better bias stability. This work demonstrates the potential of the dual‐additive approach in enhancing the performance of 2D Sn‐based PeLEDs, while the use of these environmentally friendly additives contributes to their future sustainability.
Biomimetic Nanoplatform for Dual‐Targeted Clearance of Activated and Senescent Cancer‐Associated Fibroblasts to Improve Radiation Resistance in Breast Cancer
Authors: Jian Chen , Wu Tingting , Wang Lulu , Gao Chen , Fu Zhiwen , Zhang Qian , Shi Chen 
Published: January 2024

AbstractRadiation resistance in breast cancer resulting in residual lesions or recurrence is a significant cause to radiotherapy failure. Cancer‐associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and radiotherapy‐induced senescent CAFs can further lead to radiation resistance and tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment. Here, an engineering cancer‐cell‐biomimetic nanoplatform is constructed for dual‐targeted clearance of CAFs as well as senescent CAFs. The nanoplatform is prepared by 4T1 cell membrane vesicles chimerized with FAP single‐chain fragment variable as the biomimetic shell for targeting of CAFs and senescent CAFs, and PLGA nanoparticles (NPs) co‐encapsulated with nintedanib and ABT‐263 as the core for clearance of CAFs and senescent CAFs, which are noted as FAP‐CAR‐CM@PLGA‐AB NPs. It is evidenced that FAP‐CAR‐CM@PLGA‐AB NPs directly suppressed the tumor‐promoting effect of senescent CAFs. It also exhibits prolonged blood circulation and enhanced tumor accumulation, dual‐cleared CAFs and senescent CAFs, improved radiation resistance in both acquired and patient‐derived radioresistant tumor cells, and effective antitumor effect with the tumor suppression rate of 86.7%. In addition, FAP‐CAR‐CM@PLGA‐AB NPs reverse the tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment and enhance systemic antitumor immunity. The biomimetic system for dual‐targeted clearance of CAFs and senescent CAFs provides a potential strategy for enhancing the radio‐sensitization of breast cancer.
A low‐voltage‐driven, neuromorphic sensorimotor loop for monolithic soft prosthetic e‐skin
Authors: Li Xiangxiang , Mehvish Darakhshan , Yang Hui 
Published: January 2024

AbstractArtificial skin with tactile perceptions is anticipated to play a pivotal role in next‐generation robotic and medical devices. The primary challenge lies in creating a biomimetic system that seamlessly integrates with the human body and biological systems. The authors have developed an electronic skin (e‐skin) that imitates the biological sensorimotor loop through medium‐scale circuit integration, boasting low power consumption and solid‐state synaptic transistors.
Shaping the future of men's sexual health: How artificial intelligence can assist in the management and treatment of erectile dysfunction
Authors: Sanchez Darren , Slovacek Hannah , Wang Run 
Published: January 2024

AbstractArtificial intelligence (AI) is a complex combination of multidisciplinary machines and systems that can replicate human‐like cognitive tasks to execute capabilities such as pattern recognition, decision‐making, and problem‐solving. Dating back to the 2000s, AI has been utilized in the medical field, however the interest in this subject has sharply increased over the past several years. Erectile dysfunction (ED) is an increasingly pervasive issue as men age, affecting up to 150 million men worldwide. In the field of men's health, AI has been employed to assist physicians in the evaluation and management of ED. This article aims to summarize the ways in which AI has been utilized in the management of ED, as well as the considerations that must be made when implementing this technology. AI can be utilized for virtual health assistance to protect patient privacy and increase access to care. Augmented reality can aid surgeons in real‐time during operations, as well as be utilized to prepare physicians for situations that they may encounter in the operating room. Pharmaceutical companies can benefit from AI in the interpretation of data, analysis of chemical compounds and in drug development. Additionally, AI can be used to assist patients in post‐procedure recovery in the form of rehabilitation and post‐treatment monitoring. While the utilization of AI in men's health is an exciting venture, there are tremendous ethical and practical considerations that have limited its use in the management of ED.
Modular Hamiltonian in the semi infinite line. Part II. Dimensional reduction of Dirac fermions in spherically symmetric regions
Authors: Huerta Marina , van der Velde Guido 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
In this article, we extend our study on a new class of modular Hamiltonians on an interval attached to the origin on the semi-infinite line, introduced in a recent work dedicated to scalar fields. Here, we shift our attention to fermions and similarly to the scalar case, we investigate the modular Hamiltonians of theories which are obtained through dimensional reduction, this time, of a free massless Dirac field in d dimensions. By following the same methodology, we perform dimensional reduction on both the physical and modular Hamiltonians. This process enables us to establish a correspondence: we identify the modular Hamiltonian in an interval connected to the origin to the one obtained from the reduction of the modular Hamiltonian pertaining to the conformal parent theory on a sphere. Intriguingly, although the resulting one-dimensional theories lack conformal symmetry due to the presence of a term proportional to 1/r, the corresponding modular Hamiltonians are local functions in the energy density. This phenomenon mirrors the well known behaviour observed in the conformal case and indicates the existence of a residual symmetry, characterized by a subset of the original conformal group.Furthermore, through an analysis of the spectrum of the modular Hamiltonians, we derive an analytic expression for the associated entanglement entropy. Our findings also enable us to successfully recover the conformal anomaly coefficient from the universal piece of the entropy in even dimensions, as well as the universal constant F term in d = 3, by extending the radial regularization scheme originally introduced by Srednicki to perform the sum over angular modes.
Knockdown of NEAT1 prevents post-stroke lipid droplet agglomeration in microglia by regulating autophagy
Authors: Pan Yongli , Xin Wenqiang , Wei Wei , Tatenhorst Lars , Graf Irina , Popa-Wagner Aurel , Gerner Stefan T. , Huber Sabine E. , Kilic Ertugrul , Hermann Dirk M. , Bähr Mathias , Huttner Hagen B. , Doeppner Thorsten R. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundLipid droplets (LD), lipid-storing organelles containing neutral lipids like glycerolipids and cholesterol, are increasingly accepted as hallmarks of inflammation. The nuclear paraspeckle assembly transcript 1 (NEAT1), a long non-coding RNA with over 200 nucleotides, exerts an indispensable impact on regulating both LD agglomeration and autophagy in multiple neurological disorders. However, knowledge as to how NEAT1 modulates the formation of LD and associated signaling pathways is limited.MethodsIn this study, primary microglia were isolated from newborn mice and exposed to oxygen-glucose-deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R). To further explore NEAT1-dependent mechanisms, an antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) was adopted to silence NEAT1 under in vitro conditions. Studying NEAT1-dependent interactions with regard to autophagy and LD agglomeration under hypoxic conditions, the inhibitor and activator of autophagy 3-methyladenine (3-MA) and rapamycin (RAPA) were used, respectively. In a preclinical stroke model, mice received intraventricular injections of ASO NEAT1 or control vectors in order to yield NEAT1 knockdown. Analysis of readout parameters included qRT-PCR, immunofluorescence, western blot assays, and behavioral tests.ResultsMicroglia exposed to OGD/R displayed a temporal pattern of NEAT1 expression, peaking at four hours of hypoxia followed by six hours of reoxygenation. After effectively silencing NEAT1, LD formation and autophagy-related proteins were significantly repressed in hypoxic microglia. Stimulating autophagy in ASO NEAT1 microglia under OGD/R conditions by means of RAPA reversed the downregulation of LD agglomeration and perilipin 2 (PLIN2) expression. On the contrary, application of 3-MA promoted repression of both LD agglomeration and expression of the LD-associated protein PLIN2. Under in vivo conditions, NEAT1 was significantly increased in mice at 24 h post-stroke. Knockdown of NEAT1 significantly alleviated LD agglomeration and inhibited autophagy, resulting in improved cerebral perfusion, reduced brain injury and increased neurological recovery.ConclusionNEAT1 is a key player of LD agglomeration and autophagy stimulation, and NEAT1 knockdown provides a promising therapeutic value against stroke.Graphical abstract