bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The relationship between delusions and depression in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Bassiony Medhat M. , Warren Andrew , Rosenblatt Adam , Baker Alva , Steinberg Martin , Steele Cynthia D. , Sheppard Jeannie‐Marie E. , Lyketsos Constantine G. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this investigation was to study the relationship between delusions and depression in Alzheimer's disease (AD).DesignThis was a cross‐sectional, case control study.SettingNeuropsychiatry Service, the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, USA.Participants303 community‐residing patients with probable AD according to NINCDS/ADRDA criteria were included in the study. Seventy‐five patients with delusions only were compared to a control group of 228 patients who had neither delusions nor hallucinations. Patients with only hallucinations or both delusions and hallucinations were excluded.MeasuresPatients were assessed clinically for the presence of delusions using the DSM‐IV glossary definitions. They were also rated on standardized measures of depression, cognitive impairment, staging of dementia, general medical health, and functional impairment.ResultsThere was an association between delusions and depression among patients with AD. Before adjustment for other variables, the presence of depression conferred a 1.8‐fold (95% confidence intervals (CI) = 1.0–3.1; p = 0.04) higher risk of delusions. After adjustment for multiple other variables, this risk increased further to 6.8‐fold (95% CI = 2.1–21.6; p = 0.001).ConclusionsDelusions in AD are strongly associated with depression after statistical adjustment for all confounding variables, which might distort this association. This finding has implications for our understanding of the etio‐pathogenesis and management of delusions and depression in AD. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Angiofibroma of the larynx: Report of a case with clinical and pathologic literature review
Authors: Steele Matthew H. , Nuss Daniel W. , Faust Barry F. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBackgroundAngiofibromas are uncommon vascular tumors with a strong predilection for the nasopharynx of adolescent males. Although they are slow growing and histologically benign, they have the potential to cause significant morbidity with laryngeal involvement.MethodsWe describe the clinical characteristics, histopathologic findings, differential diagnosis, preoperative evaluation, and management of a case of laryngeal angiofibroma.ResultsThe patient was initially seen with a 2½‐year history of progressive dyspnea and dysphagia. Preoperative evaluation suggested a vascular mass involving the left supraglottic larynx. A partial laryngopharyngectomy was performed without complication. The patient is alive and disease free 3 years postoperatively. Final histopathologic diagnosis is consistent with angiofibroma.ConclusionsLaryngeal angiofibroma is an extremely rare entity. Adequate preoperative imaging is necessary to confirm the vascularity of this lesion, because ill‐planned biopsy may lead to significant blood loss. The role of preoperative embolization of other laryngeal vascular lesions has been well documented and may be useful in the management of laryngeal angiofibroma. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 24: 805–809, 2002
Patients with head and neck cancer cured by radiation therapy: A survey of the dry mouth syndrome in long‐term survivors
Authors: Wijers Oda B. , Levendag Peter C. , Braaksma Mirjam M. J. , Boonzaaijer Meindert , Visch Leo L. , Schmitz Paul I. M. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBackgroundXerostomia can have a significant impact on the quality of life of patients treated by radiation therapy (RT) for cancer in the head and neck. The first aim of the study was to evaluate the degree of xerostomia in 39 long‐term survivors treated between 1965–1995 by conventional two‐dimensional radiation therapy and currently without evidence of disease. The second aim was to develop a concise instrument to evaluate the subjective aspects of xerostomia.MethodsA newly developed questionnaire and a visual analog scale (VAS) were used in analyzing the degree of dry mouth and xerostomia‐related problems. The radiation dose received by the major salivary glands was estimated by analyzing two‐dimensional simulation films.ResultsSixty‐four percent of the patients experienced a moderate to severe degree of xerostomia. In the multivariate analysis, three questions regarding dry mouth, eating, and speech were particularly discriminatory for establishing the degree of xerostomia as expressed by the VAS score.ConclusionsIn this survey, 64% of the long‐term survivors, after treatment by conventional two‐dimensional radiation therapy for a malignancy in the head and neck region, still experienced a moderate to severe degree of permanent xerostomia. A simplified instrument to evaluate xerostomia subjectively can consist of the VAS score and three graded questions. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 24: 737–747, 2002
The costs and benefits of lifelong learning: The case of the Netherlands
Authors: van Leeuwen Marko J. , van Praag Bernard M. S. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThis article deals with costs and benefits related to on‐the‐job training. For calculating costs
and benefits of on‐the‐job training at the sector and macroeconomic levels, a model is developed.
Model parameters are estimated using information from a survey of employers and employees in the Netherlands.
Exogenous model variables are taken from the survey as well as from several official statistical sources.The model is used for running a baseline scenario and several policy scenarios. The policy scenarios describe
proposed policy measures for stimulating lifelong learning in the Netherlands. The model calculates detailed costs
and benefits for players in the market for on‐the‐job training and the macroeconomic
consequences.It is shown that the differences in cost‐effectiveness of policy measures can be large. Another
important conclusion is that the results may differ strongly among employers, employees, and the government.
Heat transport analysis and three‐dimensional thermo‐hydraulic simulation in the Ishikari basin, Hokkaido, Japan
Authors: Dim Jules R. , Sakura Yasuo , Fukami Hiroshi 
Published: October 2002

AbstractTemperature profiles of 22 observation boreholes in the Ishikari basin were investigated in order to extract information on the ground thermal processes and the associated water flow disturbances. Data analyses methods were based on temperature profile typology, thermal gradient–temperature plots, and a thermo‐hydraulic model. The distributed data sets of measured temperature profiles and thermal conductivity show lateral heat flow variations from 34 to 162 mW m−2. These thermal conditions revealed the co‐existence of a highland geothermal field, a lowland central subnormal heat flow area, and a strong heat flow anomaly near the northeast Ishikari River. To explain this specific configuration of the thermal field, possible effects of petro‐physical properties, topography and groundwater movements were examined with a three‐dimensional thermo‐hydraulic simulation model. Laboratory measurements of thermal conductivity, porosity, density, and permeability from borehole core samples were used to constrain the model parameters. The main results suggest that: the lateral increase of geothermal gradient and heat flow density with elevation, i.e. in the southwest direction, are essentially due to hydro‐ and thermo‐physical differences between the hydrogeologically active Quaternary sedimentary system and the underlying Tertiary volcano–sedimentary formation; the low heat area in the central lowland may be explained by the effect of its local groundwater flow recharge, and then the positive heat anomaly near the Ishikari River would result from a basin‐wide heat flow redistribution by water flow. In general, the thermal regime in the Ishikari basin appears dominated by conduction processes in the southwest area and strongly influenced by advection phenomena in the northeast. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Relation of childhood brain tumors to exposure of parents and children to tobacco smoke: The Search international case‐control study
Authors: Filippini Graziella , Maisonneuve Patrick , McCredie Margaret , Peris‐Bonet Raphael , Modan Baruch , Preston‐Martin Susan , Mueller Beth A. , Holly Elizabeth A. , Cordier Sylvaine , Choi N.W. , Little Julian , Arslan Annie , Boyle Peter 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe etiology of childhood brain tumors (CBTs) remains unknown. Tobacco smoke contains several known carcinogens and can induce DNA adducts in human placenta and hemoglobin adducts in fetuses. We present the results of an international case‐control study to evaluate the association between CBTs and exposure of parents and children to cigarette smoke. The study was undertaken as part of the SEARCH program of the IARC. Nine centers in 7 countries were involved. The studies mainly covered the 1980s and early 1990s. Cases (1,218, ages 0–19 years) were children newly diagnosed with a primary brain tumor; there were 2,223 population‐based controls. Most mothers who agreed to participate were interviewed in person at home. Odds ratios (ORs) were calculated by unconditional logistic regression, adjusted for age, sex and center, for all types of CBT combined, 4 CBT histotypes, 5 age groups and each center. There was no association between the risk of brain tumors in the child and parental smoking prior to pregnancy, maternal smoking or regular exposure to others' cigarette smoke during pregnancy at home or at work, or passive smoking by the child during the first year of life. These results did not change considering the child's age at diagnosis, the histologic type of tumor or center. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Moral (and Real‐World) Hazard of Pro Forma Financials
Authors: Weirich Thomas R. , Rouse Robert W. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThere's a widening chasm between pro forma earnings and companies' actual earnings—those

based on generally accepted accounting principles. It's time to step on the brakes so we don't fall

in. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Activation of stress response by ionomycin in rat hepatoma cells
Authors: Sreedhar A. S. , Srinivas Usha K. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractAll living systems respond to a variety of stress conditions by inducing the synthesis of stress or heat shock proteins (HSPs), which transiently protect cells. HSP synthesis was preceded by an increase in intracellular free calcium concentration [(Ca2+)i]. In this study, we show that Ca2+ ionophore, ionomycin, induced an immediate increase in intracellular free Ca2+ and examined how this increase affects heat shock response in rat hepatoma cell line H4II‐E‐C3. Results indicate that incubating H4II‐E‐C3 cells with 0.3 μM ionomycin at 37°C for 15 min results in the induction of HSP 70 in both Ca2+‐containing and Ca2+‐free medium. Associated with this increase in free Ca2+ is an in vivo change in membrane organization and activation of signaling molecules like ERKS and SAPKs/JNK. In Ca2+ containing medium HSP 70 induction mediated by HSF–HSE interaction was faster upon ionomycin treatment as compared to heat shock. Our results show that ionomycin, at sub lethal concentration, increases intracellular free Ca2+ concentration, activates SAPK/JNK and HSF–HSE interaction, and induces HSP 70 synthesis. J. Cell. Biochem. 86: 154–161, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
NG2 proteoglycan mediates β1 integrin‐independent cell adhesion and spreading on collagen VI
Authors: Tillet Emmanuelle , Gential Blandine , Garrone Robert , Stallcup William B. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractCollagens V and VI have been previously identified as specific extracellular matrix (ECM) ligands for the NG2 proteoglycan. In order to study the functional consequences of NG2/collagen interactions, we have utilized the GD25 cell line, which does not express the major collagen‐binding β1 integrin heterodimers. Use of these cells has allowed us to study β1 integrin‐independent phenomena that are mediated by binding of NG2 to collagens V and VI. Heterologous expression of NG2 in the GD25 line endows these cells with the capability of attaching to surfaces coated with collagens V and VI. The specificity of this effect is emphasized by the failure of NG2‐positive GD25 cells to attach to other collagens or to laminin‐1. More importantly, NG2‐positive GD25 cells spread extensively on collagen VI. β1 integrin‐independent extension of ruffling lamellipodia demonstrates that engagement of NG2 by the collagen VI substratum triggers signaling events that lead to rearrangement of the actin cytoskeleton. In contrast, even though collagens V and VI each bind to the central segment of the NG2 ectodomain, collagen V engagement of NG2 does not trigger cell spreading. The distinct morphological consequences of NG2/collagen VI and NG2/collagen V interaction indicate that closely‐related ECM ligands for NG2 differ in their ability to initiate transmembrane signaling via engagement of the proteoglycan. J. Cell. Biochem. 86: 726–736, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
“Positive psychology”: Some plusses and some open issues
Authors: Cowen Emory L. , Kilmer Ryan P. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThis commentary considers aspects of the recent American Psychologist Special Issue (SI) on “Positive Psychology.” Strong points of this new thrust include: (a) a focal concern with insufficiencies in the current medical model in mental health; (b) a core focus on positive outcomes; and (c) the belief that such outcomes may, in the long run, be the most efficacious way of reducing psychological dysfunction.The approach's major current limitations include: (a) its relative insulation from closely related prior work in primary prevention and wellness enhancement; (b) its lack of a cohesive undergirding theoretical framework; and (c) its prime adult, cross‐sectional approach, which does not sufficiently reflect key life history and developmental pathways and determinants of specific positive outcomes. The movement's wholesome future development stands to profit from careful attention to these lacunae. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Diagnostic criteria for locating acquired arteriovenous fistulas with color doppler sonography
Authors: Li Jian‐Chu , Cai Sheng , Jiang Yu‐Xin , Dai Qing , Zhang Jin‐Xi , Wang Yan‐Qing 
Published: October 2002

AbstractPurpose.The purpose of this prospective study was to evaluate and determine criteria for locating acquired arteriovenous fistulas using color Doppler sonography.Methods.We performed color Doppler sonography on 12 consecutive patients with acquired arteriovenous fistulas. We evaluated the morphologic and hemodynamic changes in the involved vessels to help locate the fistulas (10 in the extremities, 1 in the neck, and 1 in the abdomen).Results.In all cases, turbulent high‐velocity flow spectrum and flow signals were present at the fistula sites, and arterialized waveforms from the draining veins were detected. In the 10 cases of acquired arteriovenous fistulas in the extremities, the resistance indices in the arteries proximal to the fistulas were all less than 1.00 (mean, 0.65), whereas the resistance indices in the arteries distal to the fistulas were all 1.00 or greater (mean, 1.17). In 70% of the cases, the diameter of the artery proximal to the fistula was at least 1.2 mm larger than that distal to the fistula. The fistula site was inferred by the point of maximal venous dilatation in 70% of the cases and by the focal perivascular color artifact in 82% of the cases. The fistula site was identified on gray‐scale sonography and color flow imaging in 33% and 75% of the cases, respectively.Conclusions.Fistula sites can be located effectively and quickly by a combination of major and minor diagnostic criteria. The major diagnostic criteria are (1) junction of low‐ and high‐resistance flow in the supplying artery, (2) a high‐velocity arterialized waveform in the draining vein, and (3) a turbulent, high‐velocity flow spectrum at the junction of the artery and the vein. The minor diagnostic criteria are (1) direct communication between the involved artery and vein, (2) significant change in the diameter of the supplying artery, (3) a focal point of venous dilatation, and (4) a focal perivascular color artifact. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 30:336–342, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI: 10.1002/jcu.10084
Transfection of an inducible trout anion exchanger (AE1) into HEK‐EcR cells
Authors: DAVIS ERIN M. , MUSCH MARK W. , GOLDSTEIN LEON 
Published: October 2002

AbstractA permanent cell line with inducible expression of the trout anion exchanger protein (trAE1) was constructed in a derivative of human embryonic kidney cells (HEK‐293). In the absence of the inducer, muristerone A, the new cell line had no detectable trAE1 protein by Western analysis, biotinylation, and 36Cl− flux. The amount of trAE1 protein increased with increasing dose and incubation time with muristerone A. Anion exchange inhibitors significantly inhibited the inducible flux of anions (i.e., 36chloride and 35sulfate) and taurine in isotonic media. The transfected cells had the characteristics of trAE1‐mediated transport in intact trout erythrocytes: (1) inhibition by anion transport inhibitors, (2) pH independence over the pH range of 6.5–7.5, and (3) activation of 35sulfate efflux by external anions in the selective order of Cl>Br>I≥F. These cells, in contrast to trout erythrocytes, were not sensitive to the anion exchange inhibitor, 4,4′‐diisothiocyanostilbene‐2,2′‐disulfonic acid (DIDS), suggesting some difference in the properties of the transfected AE1. These results demonstrate the inducible expression of new anion transport membrane protein in HEK‐293 cells. This is the first expression of trAE1 in a mammalian system. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Conformational analysis of bacterial cell wall peptides indicates how particular conformations have influenced the evolution of penicillin‐binding proteins, β‐lactam antibiotics and antibiotic resistance mechanisms
Authors: Grail Barry M. , Payne John W. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractOur aim was to use a conformational analysis technique developed for peptides to identify structural relationships between bacterial cell wall peptides and β‐lactam antibiotics that might help to explain their different actions as substrates and inhibitors of penicillin binding proteins (PBPs). The conformational forms of the model cell wall peptide Ac‐L‐Lys(Ac)‐D‐Ala‐D‐Ala are described by just a few backbone torsion combinations: three C‐terminal carboxylate regions, with Tor8 (ψi+1) ranges of D3 region (50° to 70°), D6 region (140° to 170°) and D9 region (−50° to −70°) are combined with either of two Tor6 (ϕi)‐Tor4 (ψi) combinations, C4 region (−50° to −80°) with B8 region (−40° to −70°) or C11 region (30° to 50°) with B2 region (30° to 70°). From these results, and comparisons with conformational analyses of various β‐lactams and Ac‐L‐Lys(Ac)‐D‐Ala‐D‐Lac, it is concluded that molecular recognition of cell wall peptide substrates by PBPs requires conformers with backbone torsion angles of D3C4B8. β‐Lactam antibiotics are constrained compounds with fewer conformational forms; these match well the backbone torsions of cell wall peptides at D3C4, allowing their recognition and acylation by PBPs, whereas their unique Tor4 produces differently orientated CO and N atoms that appear to prevent subsequent deacylation, leading to their action as suicide substrates. The results are also related to the selective pressures involved in evolution of β‐lactamases from PBPs. From analysis of conformers of Ac‐L‐Lys(Ac)‐D‐Ala‐D‐Ala and the vancomycin‐resistant analogue Ac‐L‐Lys(Ac)‐D‐Ala‐D‐Lac, it is concluded that vancomycin may recognise D6C11B2 conformers, giving it complementary substrate specificity to PBPs. This approach could have applications in the rational design of antibiotics targeted against PBPs and their substrates. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Anti‐U1A monoclonal antibodies recognize unique epitope targets of U1A which are involved in the binding of U1 RNA
Authors: Lutz Carol S. , McClain Micah T. , Harley John B. , James Judith A. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe U1A (or nRNP A) protein is known to play a critical role in eukaryotic pre‐mRNA splicing and polyadenylation. Previous studies revealed that several mouse monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) recognized U1A as part of the U1snRNP, while MAb 12E12 was unique in that it recognized an epitope that is masked when U1A is bound to U1 RNA. In order to further characterize and understand the antigenic targets of these MAbs, we undertook fine specificity epitope mapping studies. Anti‐U1A MAbs 12E12 and 10E3 each recognize unique peptides from the U1A protein. Interestingly, these MAbs recognize epitopes which have been shown to be antigenic in human autoimmune diseases. When superimposed on structures of U1A derived from crystal and NMR data, the major epitope recognized by 12E12 (amino acids 103–108) localizes to the surface of the U1A molecule. The 12E12 epitope is immediately adjacent to a helix which probably reacts to U1 RNA binding by undergoing a conformational change. This modification of structure effectively masks the 12E12 epitope, thus preventing binding of the monoclonal to U1A/U1 RNA complexes. These findings suggest that the structure of the U1A protein may be different when not part of the U1snRNP. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Demographic, clinical, and virological characteristics of hepatocellular carcinoma in Asia: Survey of 414 patients from four countries
Authors: Wang Bao‐En , Ma Wei‐Min , Sulaiman Ali , Noer Sjaifoellah , Sumoharjo Suwignyo , Sumarsidi Didacus , Tandon Badri Nath , Nakao Kuniaki , Mishiro Shunji , Miyakawa Yuzo , Akahane Yoshihiro , Suzuki Hiroshi 
Published: October 2002

AbstractDemographic, etiological, clinical characteristics and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) were surveyed in 414 patients in Asia, including 107 from China, 15 from India, 101 from Indonesia and 191 from Japan. Males predominated in all countries, accounting for up to 75%. The mean ± SD age at the development of HCC was about 10 years older for the patients from Japan (63.8 ± 9.5, P < 0.001) and India (63.1 ± 11.2, P < 0.05) than those from China (54.0 ± 13.7) and Indonesia (53.7 ± 14.2). Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in serum was detected in 67% of patients from China who were tested, 27% from India, 21% from Indonesia and 18% from Japan, whereas antibody to hepatitis C virus was detected in 4%, 53%, 40% and 70%, respectively; co‐occurrence of hepatitis B and C infections was seen only in 7%, 0%, 2%, and 1%, leaving an etiology other than hepatitis viruses in 22%, 20%, 36% and 11%. HCC was diagnosed primarily by ultrasonography in China (43%) and Japan (52%), and on physical examination in India (60%) and Indonesia (52%). The size of the largest tumor exceeded 5.0 cm in diameter only in 24% of the patients from Japan, much less often than in 67%, 87%, and 71%, respectively, of those from China, India and Indonesia (P < 0.001). The most favored treatment was chemolipidolization in China (81%) and Japan (81%), whereas it was transarterial embolization in India (13%) and Indonesia (26%). These results highlight common as well as distinct characteristics of HCC in Asia, and warrant the need for close cooperation toward early diagnosis and effective treatment of HCC. J. Med. Virol. 67:394–400, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.