bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Proportional impact prediction model of coating material on nitrate leaching of slow-release Urea Super Granules (USG) using machine learning and RSM technique
Authors: Swain Sidhartha Sekhar , Khura Tapan Kumar , Sahoo Pramod Kumar , Chobhe Kapil Atmaram , Al-Ansari Nadhir , Kushwaha Hari Lal , Kushwaha Nand Lal , Panda Kanhu Charan , Lande Satish Devram , Singh Chandu 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAn accurate assessment of nitrate leaching is important for efficient fertiliser utilisation and groundwater pollution reduction. However, past studies could not efficiently model nitrate leaching due to utilisation of conventional algorithms. To address the issue, the current research employed advanced machine learning algorithms, viz., Support Vector Machine, Artificial Neural Network, Random Forest, M5 Tree (M5P), Reduced Error Pruning Tree (REPTree) and Response Surface Methodology (RSM) to predict and optimize nitrate leaching. In this study, Urea Super Granules (USG) with three different coatings were used for the experiment in the soil columns, containing 1 kg soil with fertiliser placed in between. Statistical parameters, namely correlation coefficient, Mean Absolute Error, Willmott index, Root Mean Square Error and Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency were used to evaluate the performance of the ML techniques. In addition, a comparison was made in the test set among the machine learning models in which, RSM outperformed the rest of the models irrespective of coating type. Neem oil/ Acacia oil(ml): clay/sulfer (g): age (days) for minimum nitrate leaching was found to be 2.61: 1.67: 2.4 for coating of USG with bentonite clay and neem oil without heating, 2.18: 2: 1 for bentonite clay and neem oil with heating and 1.69: 1.64: 2.18 for coating USG with sulfer and acacia oil. The research would provide guidelines to researchers and policymakers to select the appropriate tool for precise prediction of nitrate leaching, which would optimise the yield and the benefit–cost ratio.
Epidemiology and clinical characteristics of patients with healthcare-acquired multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacilli: a retrospective study from a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Aiesh Banan M. , Natsheh Mustafa , Amar Mohammad , AbuTaha Shatha , Qadi Mohammad , AbuTaha Adham , Sabateen Ali , Zyoud Sa’ed H. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe numbers of infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria (GNB) that produce extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) and those that are carbapenem resistant, especially Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae), are increasing, and these infections are becoming a global public health problem. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of infections caused by ESBL-producing and carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacilli in patients hospitalized at An-Najah National University Hospital in Nablus, Palestine, and to provide healthcare workers with valuable information on the treatment of these infections. A retrospective cross-sectional investigation was conducted at a large tertiary care teaching hospital. The study included patients admitted to the hospital between January and December 2021, from whom ESBL-producing and carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacilli were isolated. The patients' clinical and demographic information was obtained from the hospital information system. In addition, information regarding the bacterial isolates and antibiotic resistance was obtained from the hospital's microbiology laboratory. This study included a total of 188 patients—91 males (48.4%) and 97 females (51.6%). The general surgical ward accounted for the highest proportion of infections (30.9%), followed by the surgical ICU (12.2%). The most common infections were caused by ESBL-producing E. coli, which accounted for 62.8% of the cases. Among them, urinary tract infections caused by this microorganism were the most prevalent (44.7% of patients). Over 50% of the patients (54.2%) had a history of antibiotic use, and 77.8% had been hospitalized within the past three months. ESBL-producing E. coli was significantly isolated from blood cultures (p-value = 0.000), and CR-K. pneumoniae was significantly isolated from endotracheal isolates (p-value = 0.001). This study emphasizes the concerning frequency of healthcare-acquired infections caused by ESBL-producing and carbapenem-resistant GNB in a tertiary care hospital. The substantial prevalence of antibiotic resistance presents considerable obstacles to the successful administration of routinely employed antibiotics. The results highlight the immediate need for improved antimicrobial stewardship and the implementation of infection control strategies to reduce the effects of multidrug-resistant GNB on patient well-being and public health.
Qualitative rather than quantitative phosphoregulation shapes the end of meiosis I in budding yeast
Authors: Celebic Dunja , Polat Irem , Legros Véronique , Chevreux Guillaume , Wassmann Katja , Touati Sandra A 
Published: February 2024

AbstractExit from mitosis is brought about by dramatic changes in the phosphoproteome landscape. A drop in Cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk) activity, the master regulatory kinase, and activation of counteracting phosphatases such as Cdc14 in budding yeast, results in ordered substrate dephosphorylation, allowing entry into a new cell cycle and replication licensing. In meiosis however, two cell divisions have to be executed without intermediate DNA replication, implying that global phosphorylation and dephosphorylation have to be adapted to the challenges of meiosis. Using a global time-resolved phosphoproteomics approach in budding yeast, we compared the phosphoproteome landscape between mitotic exit and the transition from meiosis I to meiosis II. We found that unlike exit from mitosis, Cdk phosphomotifs remain mostly stably phosphorylated at the end of meiosis I, whereas a majority of Cdk-unrelated motifs are reset by dephosphorylation. However, inducing an artificial drop of Cdk at metaphase of meiosis I leads to ordered substrate dephosphorylation, comparable to mitosis, indicating that phosphoregulation of substrates at the end of meiosis I is thus mainly qualitatively rather than quantitatively ordered.
A deep-learning approach to the 3D reconstruction of dust density and temperature in star-forming regions
Authors: Ksoll Victor F. , Reissl Stefan , Klessen Ralf S. , Stephens Ian W. , Smith Rowan J. , Soler Juan D. , Traficante Alessio , Girichidis Philipp , Testi Leonardo , Hennebelle Patrick , Molinari Sergio 
Published: February 2024

Aims. We introduce a new deep-learning approach for the reconstruction of 3D dust density and temperature distributions from multi-wavelength dust emission observations on the scale of individual star-forming cloud cores (<0.2 pc).
Methods. We constructed a training data set by processing cloud cores from the Cloud Factory simulations with the POLARIS radiative transfer code to produce synthetic dust emission observations at 23 wavelengths between 12 and 1300 µm. We simplified the task by reconstructing the cloud structure along individual lines of sight (LoSs) and trained a conditional invertible neural network (cINN) for this purpose. The cINN belongs to the group of normalising flow methods and it is able to predict full posterior distributions for the target dust properties. We tested different cINN setups, ranging from a scenario that includes all 23 wavelengths down to a more realistically limited case with observations at only seven wavelengths. We evaluated the predictive performance of these models on synthetic test data.
Results. We report an excellent reconstruction performance for the 23-wavelength cINN model, achieving median absolute relative errors of about 1.8% in log(n/m−3) and 1% in log(Tdust/K), respectively. We identify trends towards an overestimation at the low end of the density range and towards an underestimation at the high end of both the density and temperature values, which may be related to a bias in the training data. After limiting our coverage to a combination of only seven wavelengths, we still find a satisfactory performance with average absolute relative errors of about 2.8% and 1.7% in log(n/m−3) and log(Tdust/K).
Conclusions. This proof-of-concept study shows that the cINN-based approach for 3D reconstruction of dust density and temperature is very promising and it is even compatible with a more realistically constrained wavelength coverage.
Multi-scale magnetic field investigation of the M-dwarf eclipsing binary CU Cancri
Authors: Hahlin A. , Kochukhov O. , Rains A. D. , Morin J. , Hussain G. , Hebb L. , Stassun K. 
Published: February 2024

Aims.We aim to characterise the magnetic field of the eclipsing binary CU Cancri, which consists of two M-dwarf components. The determination of the magnetic field parameters of this target enables comparisons with both observations of similar stars and theoretical predictions of the magnetic field strength in CU Cnc. The target therefore provides an excellent opportunity to test our understanding of the generation of magnetic fields in low-mass stars and its impact on stellar structure.Methods.We used spectropolarimetric observations obtained with ESPaDOnS at the CFHT to investigate the magnetic properties of CU Cnc. To improve the signal, we used least-squares deconvolution (LSD) to create average line profiles. From these LSD profiles, we extracted information about the radial velocities of the components, significantly expanding the number of radial velocity measurements available and allowing for a determination of the orbital parameters. StokesVLSD profiles were used with Zeeman Doppler imaging to obtain the large-scale magnetic field structures of the two components. We also used detailed polarised radiative transfer modelling to investigate the small-scale fields, by Zeeman-splitting magnetically sensitive Ti Ilines in non-polarised spectra.Results.We obtain both the small- and large-scale magnetic field properties of the two components. The large-scale fields are dominantly poloidal, and both components have an average strength of approximately 100 G. This analysis of the large-scale fields likely suffers from some amount of hemisphere degeneracy due to the high inclination of the target, which would cause the large-scale field strength of the components to be underestimated. Both components also show unusual magnetic field configurations compared to stars with similar parameters: the primary is weakly axisymmetric (∼10%), and the secondary has a strong toroidal contribution (∼20%). The small-scale fields are significantly stronger, 3.1 and 3.6 kG for the primary and secondary, respectively. This measurement is in excellent agreement with surface field strength predictions for CU Cnc from magneto-convective stellar evolution models. These results indicate that magnetic fields could play a significant role in the radius inflation due to convective inhibition.
Zur Aufnahme von Patient*innen mit Borderline
Persönlichkeitsstörung in die ambulante
Psychotherapie
Authors: Sabaß Lena , Hahn Sina , Padberg Frank , Hörz-Sagstetter Susanne , Rentrop Michael , Jobst Andrea 
Published: February 2024

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Patient*innen mit einer Borderline
Persönlichkeitsstörung (BPS) bringen aufgrund der
Schwierigkeiten in Selbstregulation und Interaktion besondere Anforderungen an
Therapien mit, die bei BPS-spezifischen Ansätzen auch adressiert werden.
Vor diesem Hintergrund wurden ambulante Psychotherapeut*innen nach den
Faktoren befragt, die in ihrem therapeutischen Angebot für
Patient*innen mit BPS eine entscheidende Rolle spielen.
Methode Über ihre auf der Internetseite der
Kassenärztlichen Vereinigung veröffentlichte Emailadresse wurden
Psychotherapeut*innen für Erwachsene kontaktiert, wovon 231
einen Online-Fragebogen beantworteten. Die Ergebnisse wurden deskriptiv
ausgewertet und im Hinblick auf das Aufnahmeverhalten der
Psychotherapeut*innen inferenzstatistisch untersucht.
Ergebnisse Fast 90% gaben an, dass sie Patient*innen mit
BPS generell in eine Therapie aufnehmen würden. Von diesen hatten jedoch
85% keinen Therapieplatz zur Verfügung. Die erlernte
Verfahrensrichtung der Psychotherapeut*innen war dabei nicht
ausschlaggebend dafür, ob sie zur Behandlung bereit waren. Die meisten
Psychotherapeut*innen (85%) empfahlen eine
BPS-störungsspezifische Therapie wie die Dialektisch-Behaviorale
Therapie (DBT), die Mentalisierungsbasierte Therapie (MBT), die
Übertragungsfokussierte Psychotherapie (TFP) oder die Schematherapie
(ST). Allerdings waren nur knapp 7% in einem solchen
störungsspezifischen Verfahren zertifiziert. Als deutliche
persönliche Belastungsfaktoren wurden vor allem das
Suizidalitätsrisiko (70%) und potenzielle fremdaggressive
Verhaltensweisen (59%) genannt. Zudem zeigte sich, dass es für
das Aufnahmeverhalten eine Rolle spielte, ob die Psychotherapeut*innen
in einem zusätzlichen Therapieansatz (mit mind. 16 Unterrichtseinheiten)
weitergebildet waren oder nicht.
Schlussfolgerung Die Versorgungssituation für Menschen mit BPS,
die einen ambulanten Psychotherapieplatz suchen, ist nach wie vor als
unzureichend zu bewerten. Dies liegt vor allem an einem allgemeinen Mangel an
verfügbaren Therapieplätzen sowie an verschiedenen
Ängsten und Befürchtungen, wie die erhöhte
Suizidalität, die sich wiederum negativ auf das ambulante
Therapieangebot auswirken können. Psychotherapeut*innen, die
eine störungsspezifische Weiterbildung absolviert haben, fühlen
sich durch suizidale Verhaltensweisen weniger belastet. Da jedoch wenige
Therapeut*innen BPS-spezifische Therapien anbieten können, ist
es unumgänglich, spezifische Weiterbildungsangebote auszubauen und auch
(finanziell) zu unterstützen. Um dem Versorgungsbedarf gerecht zu
werden, sind berufliche Veränderungen dringend notwendig.
Nerventransfers bei peripheren Nervenläsionen
Authors: Glaser Julia Janine , Aman Martin , Böcker Arne Hendrik , Thielen Mirjam , Harhaus Leila 
Published: February 2024

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Schädigungen der Stammnerven der oberen
Extremität führen häufig zu anhaltenden, schwerwiegenden
Einschränkungen in der Funktion (Motorik) und Wahrnehmung
(Sensibilität). Sowohl privat als auch beruflich können
erhebliche Einschränkungen auf physischer, psychischer als auch
sozioökonomischer Ebene persistieren. Indikationsstellung. Die
frühe Indikationsstellung zu einem Nerventransfer kann die
Reinnervationsstrecke verkürzen und die Einleitung motorischer oder
sensorischer Axone in das Zielorgan optimieren und somit langfristig zur
Verbesserung der Motorik und Sensibilität, sowie Vermeidung von
Fehlstellungen beitragen. Hierbei sind in der Planung des Operationszeitpunkts,
die bereits vergangene Zeit nach dem Trauma, die zu erwartende
Reinnervationszeit und die Hebemorbiditäten der Spendernerven
individuell abzuwägen.
Ergebnisse Nerventransfers können nach peripheren
Nervenverletzungen eine frühere und sicherere Reinnervation erreichen
und zur Verbesserung der motorischen und sensiblen Funktionen an der oberen
Extremität nach Nervenverletzungen eingesetzt werden.
TB or not TB? Diagnostic Sensitivity, Specifity and Interobserver
Agreement in the Radiological Diagnosis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis in
Children
Authors: Brinkmann Folke , Hofgrefe Jana , Ahrens Frank , Weidemann Jürgen , Berthold Lars Daniel , Schwerk Nicolaus 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background The differentiation between latent tuberculosis infection
(LTBI) and tuberculosis (TB) relies on radiological changes. Confirming the
diagnosis remains a challenge because typical findings are often missing in
children. This study evaluates diagnostic sensitivity, specifity and
interobserver agreement on the radiological diagnosis of TB by chest-x-rays in
accordance to professional specialization and work experience.
Methods Chest x-rays of 120 children with proven tuberculosis infection
were independently evaluated by general radiologists, paediatric radiologists
and paediatric pulmonologists. Results were compared to a reference diagnosis
created by group of experienced paediatric radiologists and paediatric
pulmonologists. Primary endpoints were diagnostic sensitivity and specificity
and interobserver variability defined as Krippendorfs alpha of thesel groups
compared to the reference diagnosis.
Results Of the 120 chest x-rays 33 (27,5%) were diagnosed as TB by
the reference standard . Paediatric pulmonologist had the highest diagnostic
sensitivity (90%) but were less specific (71%) whereas general
radiologist were less sensitive (68%) but more secific (95%).
The best diagnostic accuracy was achieved by pediatric radiologists with a
diagnostic sensitivity of 77% and specificity 95%
respectively.
Conclusions We demonstrated significant interobserver variability and
relevant differences in sensitivity and specificity in the radiological
diagnosis of TB between the groups. Paediatric radiologists showed the best
diagnostic performance. As the diagnosis of pulmonary TB has significant
therapeutic consequences for children they should be routinely involved in the
diagnostic process.
Visible-Light-Driven Oxidative Chlorination of Alkyl sp3 C–H Bonds with HCl/Air at Room Temperature
Authors: Lu Wenjun , Xu Lai , Mei Chong 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAn aerobic chlorination of alkyl sp3 C–H bonds of functionalized alkanes and simple alkanes has been established successfully under visible light at room temperature. The reaction is performed in the presence of catalytic NaNO2 using HCl or NaCl/acid as a chlorine source and air as a terminal oxidant under atmospheric pressure. It is suggested that NOCl from NaNO2/HCl is a crucial species in the catalytic cycle involving an aerobic oxidation and a photochemical radical chlorination.
Exploring the Microbiome in Human Reproductive Tract: High-Throughput Methods for the Taxonomic Characterization of Microorganisms
Authors: Salas-Espejo Eduardo , Terrón-Camero Laura C. , Ruiz José L. , Molina Nerea M. , Andrés-León Eduardo 
Published: February 2024

AbstractMicroorganisms are important due to their widespread presence and multifaceted roles across various domains of life, ecology, and industries. In humans, they underlie the proper functioning of multiple systems crucial to well-being, including immunological and metabolic functions. Emerging research addressing the presence and roles of microorganisms within human reproduction is increasingly relevant. Studies implementing new methodologies (e.g., to investigate vaginal, uterine, and semen microenvironments) can now provide relevant insights into fertility, reproductive health, or pregnancy outcomes. In that sense, cutting-edge sequencing techniques, as well as others such as meta-metabolomics, culturomics, and meta-proteomics, are becoming more popular and accessible worldwide, allowing the characterization of microbiomes at unprecedented resolution. However, they frequently involve rather complex laboratory protocols and bioinformatics analyses, for which researchers may lack the required expertise. A suitable pipeline would successfully enable both taxonomic classification and functional profiling of the microbiome, providing easy-to-understand biological interpretations. However, the selection of an appropriate methodology would be crucial, as it directly impacts the reproducibility, accuracy, and quality of the results and observations. This review focuses on the different current microbiome-related techniques in the context of human reproduction, encompassing niches like vagina, endometrium, and seminal fluid. The most standard and reliable methods are 16S rRNA gene sequencing, metagenomics, and meta-transcriptomics, together with complementary approaches including meta-proteomics, meta-metabolomics, and culturomics. Finally, we also offer case examples and general recommendations about the most appropriate methods and workflows and discuss strengths and shortcomings for each technique.
Consensus from the Brazilian Academy of Neurology for the diagnosis, genetic counseling, and use of disease-modifying therapies in 5q spinal muscular atrophy
Authors: Zanoteli Edmar , Araujo Alexandra Prufer de Queiróz Campos , Becker Michele Michelin , Fortes Clarisse Pereira Dias Drumond , França Marcondes Cavalcante , Machado-Costa Marcela Camara , Marques Wilson , Matsui Jr Ciro , Mendonça Rodrigo Holanda , Nardes Flávia , Oliveira Acary Souza Bulle , Pessoa Andre Luis Santos , Saute Jonas Alex Morales , Sgobbi Paulo , Van der Linden Hélio , Gurgel-Giannetti Juliana 
Published: February 2024

AbstractSpinal muscular atrophy linked to chromosome 5 (SMA-5q) is an autosomal recessive genetic disease caused by mutations in the SMN1. SMA-5q is characterized by progressive degeneration of the spinal cord and bulbar motor neurons, causing severe motor and respiratory impairment with reduced survival, especially in its more severe clinical forms. In recent years, highly effective disease-modifying therapies have emerged, either acting by regulating the splicing of exon 7 of the SMN2 gene or adding a copy of the SMN1 gene through gene therapy, providing a drastic change in the natural history of the disease. In this way, developing therapeutic guides and expert consensus becomes essential to direct the use of these therapies in clinical practice. This consensus, prepared by Brazilian experts, aimed to review the main available disease-modifying therapies, critically analyze the results of clinical studies, and provide recommendations for their use in clinical practice for patients with SMA-5q. This consensus also addresses aspects related to diagnosis, genetic counseling, and follow-up of patients under drug treatment. Thus, this consensus provides valuable information regarding the current management of SMA-5q, helping therapeutic decisions in clinical practice and promoting additional gains in outcomes.
A Brazilian series utilizing the SMASH-U system for etiologic classification of intracerebral hemorrhage
Authors: Silva Luiz Henrique Libardi , Andrade João Brainer Clares de , Majdoub Ahmad Ali El , Miranda-Alves Maramélia , Valiente Raul Alberto , Rodrigues Daniela Laranja Gomes , Silva Gisele Sampaio 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background Understanding the causes of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is crucial for effective treatment and preventing recurrences. The SMASH-U scale is a suggested method for classifying and predicting the outcomes of ICH.
Objective To describe the SMASH-U classification and outcomes by etiology in patients admitted to a comprehensive stroke center in São Paulo, Brazil.
Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on patients admitted to the hospital or outpatient clinic between April 2015 and January 2018. Two stroke neurologists evaluated the SMASH-U classification, and patients with incomplete medical records were excluded.
Results Out of the 2000 patients with a stroke diagnosis evaluated, 140 were included in the final analysis. The mean age was 57.9 (± 15.5) years, and 54.3% were male. Hypertension was the most frequent etiology, accounting for 41.4% of cases, followed by amyloid angiopathy (18.5%) and structural lesions (14.1%). Structural lesions were more common among women and patients under 45 years old. Favorable outcomes were observed in 61% of patients with structural lesions, compared to 10% of patients with medication-related etiologies.
Conclusion This study provides important evidence regarding the etiological classification of Brazilian patients with ICH. Hypertension and amyloid angiopathy were the most frequent causes, while structural lesions and systemic diseases were more common in younger patients.