bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Autophagy Promotes Cell Death Induced by Hydrogen Peroxide in Physcomitrium patens
Authors: Sakil Md Arif , Mukae Kyosuke , Bao Junyu , Sadhu Abhishek , Roni Md. Shyduzzaman , Inoue-Aono Yuko , Moriyasu Yuji 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The autophagy-defective mutants (atg5 and atg7) of Physcomitrium patens exhibit strong desiccation tolerance. Here, we examined the effects of H2O2 on wild-type (WT) and autophagy-defective mutants of P. patens, considering that desiccation induces reactive oxygen species (ROS). We found that atg mutants can survive a 30-min treatment with 100 mM H2O2, whereas WT cannot, implying that autophagy promotes cell death induced by H2O2. Concomitant with cell death, vacuole collapse occurred. Intracellular H2O2 levels in both WT and atg5 increased immediately after H2O2 treatment and subsequently reached plateaus, which were higher in WT than in atg5. The ROS scavenger N-acetylcysteine lowered the plateau levels in WT and blocked cell death, suggesting that higher H2O2 plateau caused cell death. The uncoupler of electron transport chain (ETC) carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone also lowered the H2O2 plateaus, showing that ROS produced in the ETC in mitochondria and/or chloroplasts elevated the H2O2 plateau. The autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine lowered the H2O2 plateau and the cell death rate in WT, suggesting that autophagy occurring after H2O2 treatment is involved in the production of ROS. Conversely, the addition of bovine serum albumin, which is endocytosed and supplies amino acids instead of autophagy, elevated the H2O2 plateau in atg5 cells, suggesting that amino acids produced through autophagy promote H2O2 generation. These results clearly show that autophagy causes cell death under certain stress conditions. We propose that autophagy-derived amino acids are catabolized using ETCs in mitochondria and/or chloroplasts and produce H2O2, which in turn promotes the cell death accompanying vacuole collapse.
Garnet–Quartz Inclusion Thermobarometry and Lu–Hf Chronology Detail the Pre-Ultra-High Pressure Metamorphic History of the Grapesvare Nappe, Scandinavian Caledonides
Authors: Barnes Christopher J , Gilio Mattia , Bukała Michał , Włodek Adam , Majka Jarosław , Smit Matthijs , Alvaro Matteo 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The subduction–exhumation history of the Grapesvare nappe in the northern Seve Nappe Complex (Scandinavian Caledonides) is recorded by late Cambrian/Early Ordovician ultra-high pressure (UHP) and subsequent amphibolite facies metamorphic events. Records of these events obscured earlier metamorphic episodes that are important for understanding the tectonics of the orogen. To extract the pre–UHP metamorphic records, garnet Lu–Hf geochronology, Titanium-in-Quartz thermobarometry, and Quartz-in-Garnet elastic thermobarometry were applied to garnet porphyroblasts in metasedimentary rocks and eclogite. Metasedimentary rocks contain chemically homogeneous garnet (Grt-M1) with shape-matured quartz inclusions. In some rocks, these garnets are overgrown by garnet with bell-shaped Mn-zoning (Grt-M2) containing irregularly-shaped quartz inclusions. This evolution is interpreted as partial dissolution of Grt-M1 and subsequent growth of Grt-M2. Garnet in the eclogite is volumetrically dominated by eclogite-facies garnet (Grt-E1) that envelope remnants of an older, chemically distinct generation (Grt-E0) with highly irregular and diffuse boundaries. Shape-matured quartz inclusions are present within both garnet generations and define a zoning pattern that is not reflective of the chemical zoning. Collectively, these characteristics are interpreted as replacement of Grt-E0 by Grt-E1 via interface-coupled dissolution–reprecipitation, with the latter inheriting the shape-matured quartz inclusions of the former. Pressure–temperature (P–T) conditions extracted from the quartz inclusions in Grt-M1 and Grt-E0/E1 are 1.08 to 1.21 GPa at 645°C to 695°C and 0.94 to 1.03 GPa at 605°C to 640°C, respectively. These conditions are interpreted as cooling of the rocks from a high temperature metamorphic history, altogether preceding subduction of the Grapesvare nappe. The quartz inclusions in Grt-M2 record 1.04 to 1.21 GPa at 620°C to 675°C, interpreted as prograde metamorphic growth of Grt-M2 during subduction at 495.7 ± 3.2 Ma. Subsequent eclogite-facies metamorphism was responsible for the formation of Grt-E1 at the expense of Grt-E0. The collective results indicate a prolonged polymetamorphic history of the Grapesvare nappe prior to UHP metamorphism that has not been recognized previously.
Venture Capital Investments, Merger Activity, and Competition Laws around the World
Authors: Phillips Gordon M , Zhdanov Alexei 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We examine the relation between venture capital (VC) investments, M&A activity, and merger competition laws in 45 countries around the world. We find evidence of a strong positive association between VC investments and lagged M&A activity, consistent with an active M&A market providing viable exit opportunities for VC companies and therefore incentives for venture capitalists to invest. We also explore the effects of country-level merger competition laws and pro-takeover legislation passed internationally on VC activity. We find significant reductions in VC activity in countries with stricter competition laws and find that VC activity intensifies after the enactment of country-level takeover-friendly legislation. (JEL G15, G24, D43, K21, L26)
Colchicine: the good, the bad, the ugly and how to minimize the risks
Authors: Stamp Lisa K , Horsley Carl , Te Karu Leanne , Dalbeth Nicola , Barclay Murray 
Published: November 2023

AbstractColchicine has an important role in managing various conditions, including gout, familial Mediterranean fever, amyloidosis, Behçet’s syndrome, recurrent pericarditis and calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease. The adverse effect profile of colchicine is well understood. However, due to its narrow therapeutic index, colchicine has been associated with overdose and fatalities. When ingested in toxic amounts, the mainstay of management is supportive care. Strategies to minimize the risk of colchicine poisoning can focus on three broad causes: unauthorized access, intentional overdose and inappropriate dosing. Culturally safe and appropriate education about storage and appropriate use of colchicine is essential to minimize the risk of overdose.
Assessment of organ doses, peak skin doses and effective doses in patients undergoing anterior cervical discectomy and fusion utilising VirtualDose-IR software
Authors: Metaxas Vasileios , Dimitroukas Christos , Efthymiou Fotios , Delis Harry , Gatzounis George , Tzortzidis Fotios , Zampakis Petros , Theofanopoulos Andreas , Constantoyannis Constantine , Panayiotakis George 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this study, the effect of patient- and procedure-related parameters on organ doses (ODs), peak skin dose (PSD) and effective dose (E) during anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) was evaluated. Patient- and procedure-related parameters, as well as fluoroscopy time, kerma-area product (KAP), cumulative air-kerma (Kair) and incident Kair, were analysed for 50 ACDF procedures performed with a mobile C-arm. These parameters were inserted in VirtualDose-IR software implementing sex-specific and body mass index (BMI)-adjustable anthropomorphic phantoms to calculate OD, PSD and E. The BMI, gender and type of implants did not significantly affect KAP, incident Kair, PSD and E. However, the type of fusion significantly affected the E. The single fusions in C5/C6 resulted in significantly higher KAP, incident Kair and E than C4/C5 levels, while those performed in C6/C7 resulted in significantly higher E and PSD than C4/C5 levels. The thyroid, oesophagus and salivary glands received the largest doses in all groups studied. The BMI did not significantly affect ODs. The salivary glands absorbed significantly higher doses in males than females, while the extrathoracic region’s dose significantly increased for multi- than single-level fusions. The fusions in C6/C7 resulted in significantly higher oesophagus and thyroid doses than C3/C4 and C4/C5 levels, as well as fusions performed in C5/C6 compared with C4/C5 levels. The data presented here could be used by the neurosurgeons as a comparator for future studies in optimising radiation protection during ACDF procedures in the operating theatre by keeping the ODs, PSD and E as low as reasonably practicable.
Childhood Adversity Determines the Syndemic Effects of Violence, Substance Misuse, and Sexual Behavior on Psychotic Spectrum Disorder Among Men
Authors: Zhang Yamin , Coid Jeremy 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background and hypothesis
Childhood adversity (CA) increases the risk for several adult psychiatric conditions. It is unclear why some exposed individuals experience psychotic symptoms and others do not. We investigated whether a syndemic explained a psychotic outcome determined by CA.

Study design
We used self-reported cross-sectional data from 7461 British men surveyed in different population subgroups. Latent class analysis (LCA) identified categorical psychopathological outcomes. LCs were tested by interaction analysis between syndemic factors derived from confirmatory factor analysis according to CA experiences. Pathway analysis using partial least squares path modeling.

Results
A 4-class model with excellent fit identified an LC characterized by both psychotic and anxiety symptoms (class 4). A syndemic model of joint effects, adducing a 3-component latent variable of substance misuse (SM), high-risk sexual behavior (SH), violence and criminality (VC) showed synergy between components and explained the psychotic outcome (class 4). We found significant interactions between factor scores on the multiplicative scale, specific only to class 4 (psychosis), including SM × SH, SH × VC, and SM × VC (OR &gt; 1, P &lt; .05); and on the additive scale SM × SH (relative excess risk due to interaction &gt;0, P &lt; .05), but only for men who experienced CA.

Conclusion
Multiplicative synergistic interactions between SM, SH, and VC constituted a mechanism determining a psychotic outcome, but not for anxiety disorder, mixed anxiety disorder/depression, or depressive disorder. This was specific to men who had experienced CA along direct and syndemic pathways. Population interventions should target SM and VC in adulthood but prioritize primary prevention strategies for CA.
Patient and Hospital Characteristics Associated With the Interhospital Transfer of Adult Patients With Sepsis
Authors: Ofoma Uchenna R. , Lanter Tierney J. , Deych Elena , Kollef Marin , Wan Fei , Joynt Maddox Karen E. 
Published: November 2023

IMPORTANCE:
The interhospital transfer (IHT) of patients with sepsis to higher-capability hospitals may improve outcomes. Little is known about patient and hospital factors associated with sepsis IHT.

OBJECTIVES:
We evaluated patterns of hospitalization and IHT and determined patient and hospital factors associated with the IHT of adult patients with sepsis.

DESIGN:
Retrospective cohort study.

SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS:
A total of 349,938 adult patients with sepsis at 329 nonfederal hospitals in California, 2018–2019.

MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES:
We evaluated patterns of admission and outward IHT between low sepsis-, intermediate sepsis-, and high sepsis-capability hospitals. We estimated odds of IHT using generalized estimating equations logistic regression with bootstrap stepwise variable selection.

RESULTS:
Among the cohort, 223,202 (66.4%) were initially hospitalized at high-capability hospitals and 10,870 (3.1%) underwent IHT. Nearly all transfers (98.2%) from low-capability hospitals were received at higher-capability hospitals. Younger age (< 65 yr) (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.54; 95% CI, 1.40–1.69) and increasing organ dysfunction (aOR 1.22; 95% CI, 1.19–1.25) were associated with higher IHT odds, as were admission to low-capability (aOR 2.79; 95% CI, 2.33–3.35) or public hospitals (aOR 1.35; 95% CI, 1.09–1.66). Female sex (aOR 0.88; 95% CI, 0.84–0.91), Medicaid insurance (aOR 0.59; 95% CI, 0.53–0.66), home to admitting hospital distance less than or equal to 10 miles (aOR 0.92; 95% CI, 0.87–0.97) and do-not-resuscitate orders (aOR 0.48; 95% CI, 0.45–0.52) were associated with lower IHT odds, as was admission to a teaching hospital (aOR 0.83; 95% CI, 0.72–0.96).

CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE:
Most patients with sepsis are initially hospitalized at high-capability hospitals. The IHT rate for sepsis is low and more likely to originate from low-capability and public hospitals than from high-capability and for-profit hospitals. Transferred patients with sepsis are more likely to be younger, male, sicker, with private medical insurance, and less likely to have care limitation orders. Future studies should evaluate the comparative benefits of IHT from low-capability hospitals.
Summary of the 2022 Report on Cardiovascular Health and Diseases in China
Authors: Wang Zengwu , Ma Liyuan , Liu Mingbo , Fan Jing , Hu Shengshou 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Recent decades have seen the remarkable development of China in medical accessibility and quality index, and the application of a number of new advanced cardiovascular technologies benefits more patients. However, according to the Annual Report on Cardiovascular Health and Diseases in China published in this article, which was organized and summarized by National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, there is still a huge population living with risk factors of cardiovascular diseases (CVD), and the morbidity and mortality of CVD are increasing. It is estimated that there are around 330 million patients suffering from CVD currently, including 245 million of hypertension, 13 million of stroke, 45.3 million of peripheral artery disease, 11.39 million of coronary heart disease (CHD), 8.9 million of heart failure, 5 million of pulmonary heart disease, 4.87 million of atrial fibrillation, 2.5 million of rheumatic heart disease, and 2 million of congenital heart disease. Tobacco use, diet and nutrition factors, physical activity, overweight and obesity, and psychological factors are what affect cardiovascular health, while hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, metabolic syndrome, and air pollution are the risk factors for CVD. In this article, in addition to risk factors for CVD, we also report the epidemiological trends of CVD, including CHD, cerebrovascular disease, arrhythmias, valvular heart disease, congenital heart disease, cardiomyopathy, heart failure, pulmonary vascular disease and venous thromboembolism, and aortic and peripheral artery diseases, as well as the basic research and medical device development in CVD. In a word, China has entered a new stage of transforming from high-speed development focusing on scale growth to high-quality development emphasizing on strategic and key technological development to curb the trend of increasing incidence and mortality of CVD.
Implementation Strategies Addressing Stakeholder-Perceived Barriers and Enablers to the Establishment of a Beta-Lactam Antibiotic Therapeutic Drug Monitoring Program: A Qualitative Analysis
Authors: Pai Mangalore Rekha , Udy Andrew Alexander , Peel Trisha Nicole , Peleg Anton Yariv , Ayton Darshini 
Published: November 2023

Background:
Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of beta-lactam antibiotics (beta-lactams) is increasingly recommended for optimizing antibiotic exposure in intensive care patients with sepsis. However, limited data are available on the implementation of beta-lactam TDM in complex health care settings. Theory-based approaches were used to systematically explore barriers and enablers perceived by key stakeholders in the implementation of beta-lactam TDM in the intensive care unit.

Methods:
In this qualitative descriptive study, the authors interviewed key stakeholders (n = 40): infectious disease physicians, intensive care unit physicians, pharmacists, clinical leaders, scientists, and nurses. The data were thematically analyzed and coded using the theoretical domains framework, and the codes and themes were mapped to the relevant domains of the capability, opportunity, and motivation behavior-change wheel model.

Results:
Barriers included a lack of knowledge, experience, evidence, and confidence, which led to concerns about capability, lack of resources, and harm in straying from standard practice. Access to education and guidelines, on-site assays with short turnaround times, communication among teams, and workflow integration were identified as enablers. A focus on patient care, trust in colleagues, and endorsement by hospital leaders were strong motivators. Pharmacist and nursing stakeholder groups emerged as key targets in the implementation of strategies.

Conclusions:
Using theory-based approaches, the authors identified the key barriers and enablers to establishing beta-lactam TDM. These data were used to identify strategies, policies, and key target groups for the implementation of interventions.
Artificial intelligence for glaucoma: state of the art and future perspectives
Authors: Correia Barão Rafael , Hemelings Ruben , Abegão Pinto Luís , Pazos Marta , Stalmans Ingeborg 
Published: November 2023

Purpose of review
To address the current role of artificial intelligence (AI) in the field of glaucoma.

Recent findings
Current deep learning (DL) models concerning glaucoma diagnosis have shown consistently improving diagnostic capabilities, primarily based on color fundus photography and optical coherence tomography, but also with multimodal strategies. Recent models have also suggested that AI may be helpful in detecting and estimating visual field progression from different input data. Moreover, with the emergence of newer DL architectures and synthetic data, challenges such as model generalizability and explainability have begun to be tackled.

Summary
While some challenges remain before AI is routinely employed in clinical practice, new research has expanded the range in which it can be used in the context of glaucoma management and underlined the relevance of this research avenue.
Enhancing Campus Safety
Authors: Anderson Jocelyn C. , Nguyen Meghan U. , Huynh Wendy , Sharif Khadeeja , Draughon Moret Jessica E. 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT

Background
Alcohol-related sexual violence, including sexual coercion, nonconsensual contact, and rape, is prevalent on college campuses.

Aim
The purpose of the study was to investigate college students' feedback and recommendations regarding content for a text-message-delivered harm reduction intervention to jointly address alcohol use and alcohol's role in sexual violence risk.

Methods
This qualitative thematic study used focus groups and individual interviews to collect feedback from 61 college students between February 2019 and July 2020.

Results
Targeted recruitment resulted in a sample that was nearly half queer/ lesbian, gay, bisexual (46.2%) or trans* (9.8%) identified students. Participants endorsed text messaging as an effective way to reach college students but diverged in specific content they felt was relevant and appropriate for a universal education intervention. Students preferred content describing individual strategies versus those requiring collaboration from friends or potential sex partners. Students also preferred content phrased as suggestions or questions versus declarative statements. Although most participants recognized the value of content related to consent, sexual violence, sexual health, and resources, a few male-identifying participants failed to recognize that content as important to their experience. Maintaining brevity while discussing consent in the overlapping settings of drinking and interpersonal relationships was described as a particular challenge.

Impact of This Work on Campus Sexual Assault and Forensic Nursing
Students in our sample highlighted the challenges of sharing sexual violence and alcohol-related harm reduction text messaging because of the complexities of rape culture, consent, and interpersonal dynamics during college student drinking events.
Comparing EUS-directed Transgastric ERCP (EDGE) Versus Laparoscopic-Assisted ERCP Versus Enteroscopic ERCP
Authors: Gangwani Manesh K. , Aziz Muhammad , Haghbin Hossein , Iqbal Amna , Dillard Julia , Dahiya Dushyant S. , Ali Hassam , Hayat Umar , Khuder Sadik , Lee-Smith Wade , Nawras Yusuf , Kamal Faisal , Inamdar Sumant , Alastal Yaseen , Thosani Nirav , Adler Douglas 
Published: November 2023

Background:
Management of choledocholithiasis in patients with Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery is challenging. This study aims to compare technical success rates, adverse events, and procedural time between 3 current approaches: endoscopic ultrasound-directed transgastric Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) (EDGE), enteroscopy-assisted ERCP (E-ERCP), and laparoscopic-assisted ERCP (LA-ERCP).

Methods:
A systematic search of 5 databases was conducted. Direct and network meta-analyses were performed to compare interventions using the random effects model. A significance threshold of P < 0.05 was applied.

Results:
Sixteen studies were included. On direct meta-analysis, technical success rates were comparable between EDGE and LA-ERCP (odds ratio: 0.768, CI: 0.196-3.006, P = 0.704, I
2 = 14.13%). However, EDGE and LA-ERCP showed significantly higher success rates than E-ERCP. No significant differences in adverse events were found between EDGE versus LA-ERCP, EDGE versus E-ERCP, and LA-ERCP versus E-ERCP on direct meta-analysis. In terms of procedural time, EDGE was significantly shorter than E-ERCP [mean difference (MD): −31 minutes, 95% CI: −40.748 to −21.217, P < 0.001, I
2 = 19.89%), and E-ERCP was shorter than LA-ERCP (MD: −44.567 minutes, 95% CI: −76.018 to −13.116, P = 0.005, I
2 = 0%). EDGE also demonstrated a significant time advantage over LA-ERCP (MD: −78.145 minutes, 95% CI: −104.882 to −51.407, P < 0.001, I
2 = 0%). All findings were consistent with network meta-analysis on random effects model. The heterogeneity of the model was low.

Conclusions:
EDGE and LA-ERCP showed superior technical success rates compared with E-ERCP. Adverse events did not significantly differ among the three approaches. Furthermore, EDGE demonstrated the shortest procedural duration. We recommend considering EDGE as a first-choice procedure.
Evaluation of a Novel Easy Loop-Forming Guidewire to Reduce Post–Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography Pancreatitis for Serial Pancreatic Juice Aspiration Cytologic Examination
Authors: Mandai Koichiro , Inoue Takato , Yoshimoto Takaaki , Ogawa Tomoya , Uno Koji , Yasuda Kenjiro 
Published: November 2023

Objective
This study aimed to investigate whether a novel, easy loop-forming guidewire could reduce post–endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis (PEP) in patients undergoing endoscopic nasopancreatic drainage tube placement for serial pancreatic juice aspiration cytologic examination (SPACE).

Methods
We evaluated patients with suspected pancreatic cancer who underwent SPACE at our institution between January 2015 and April 2023 retrospectively. The patients were divided into 2 groups based on the type of guidewire used, namely, easy loop-forming and control groups. Propensity score matching was used to compare the incidence of PEP between the groups.

Results
We included 101 patients, with 51 and 50 in the easy loop-forming and control groups, respectively. After propensity score matching, 29 pairs of patients were selected from each group. Intraductal ultrasonography of the pancreas was performed more frequently in the easy loop-forming group than in the control group (27.6% vs 0%; P = 0.004); however, PEP incidence was significantly lower in the easy loop-forming group than in the control group (3.4% vs 27.6%; odds ratio, 0.097; 95% confidence interval, 0.002–0.82; P = 0.025).

Conclusions
The use of the novel easy loop-forming guidewire decreased PEP occurrence in patients who underwent endoscopic nasopancreatic drainage tube placement for SPACE.