bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative Analysis of Palliative Sedation and Euthanasia - a literature review
Authors: Bednarski Artur , Krużel Aleksandra , Ziajor Seweryn , Sajdak Piotr , Tomasik Justyna , Dębik Marika , Stodolak Marcel , Szydłowski Łukasz , Żurowska Klaudia , Turski Mikołaj , Kłos Kamil 
Published: February 2024

Introduction and purpose: Palliative care is designed to ensure proper comfort in living and dying, primarily by alleviating suffering in patients for whom medical interventions have proved ineffective. In situations where suffering is unbearable, palliative care offers "last resort" treatment, namely palliative sedation. This involves the intentional administration of sedative drugs to the patient to reduce the level of consciousness, even inducing sleep, in order to control suffering caused by conditions that are resistant to other treatments. The aim of this article is to present various perspectives on palliative sedation.
Description of the state knowledge: Topics discussed include: cessation of hydration and nutrition, loss of patient control over decision-making in treatment progression after the induction of pharmacological coma, the principle of double effect, complications arising from the use of indiscriminate polypharmacy, and views on life shortening through palliative sedation or its comparison to euthanasia. The distinction between palliative sedation and euthanasia is explored, with arguments on both sides contributing to ongoing debates. The paper concludes by advocating for comprehensive guidelines and interdisciplinary assessments to ensure ethical and patient-centered decision-making in the application of palliative sedation in terminally ill patients.
Summary: A discussion is necessary on the creation of acceptable and appropriate procedures that would not arouse the controversies currently associated with the use of palliative sedation.
GLP-1 analogs: a comparison of new anti diabetic medications - presenting benefits and risks
Authors: Dębik Marika , Szydłowski Łukasz , Żurowska Klaudia , Bednarski Artur , Krużel Aleksandra , Ziajor Seweryn , Sajdak Piotr , Tomasik Justyna , Stodolak Marcel , Kłos Kamil 
Published: February 2024

Introduction and purpose: Diabetes has emerged as a global lifestyle disease, with an alarming rise in cases, particularly of type 2 diabetes. In Poland, over 3 million people are diagnosed, and an estimated 4 million cases are expected by 2030. Effective treatment involves a multifaceted approach, including dietary intervention, physical activity, and pharmacological options. Incretins, such as glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), play a pivotal role in carbohydrate metabolism regulation, and GLP-1 analogs have become essential in managing type 2 diabetes. This paper explores the development and mechanisms of GLP-1 analogs, detailing their impact on insulin secretion, gastric emptying, and weight reduction.
Description of the state knowledge: Various GLP-1 receptor agonists, including exenatide, liraglutide, dulaglutide, semaglutide, and the novel tirzepatide, are discussed. These drugs exhibit diverse pharmacokinetics, modes of administration, and effects on glucose metabolism and weight. Despite their efficacy, there is a concerning trend of off-label use, particularly for obesity treatment, leading to shortages for patients with valid prescriptions. This misuse is fueled by para-advertising on social media platforms, contributing to a surge in prescriptions and reimbursement costs. To address this, guidelines for GLP-1 analog use in obesity treatment are proposed, emphasizing the need for a stable drug supply and normalizing drug availability.
Summary: In 2023, concerns intensified with reports of counterfeit GLP-1 analogs, prompting regulatory interventions. The paper concludes by underscoring the critical role GLP-1 analogs play in diabetes and obesity treatment, while emphasizing the importance of responsible prescription practices, guidelines adherence, and regulatory vigilance to ensure patient safety and mitigate the risks associated with misuse and counterfeit drugs.
Building Positive Character, Negative Effects Environmental Protection and Wisdom Local Culture by the Applying of Full Day Schools in Rural Areas (Research Action in Public Senior High School of Lahat South Sumatra)
Authors: Paryono Ahmad Nasihin , Oktarini Oktarini 
Published: February 2024

Many schools in the city choose Full Day (FDS) but for schools in rural still in very little in the list to apply this. The research was action research of discovering whether increased positive impact in the positive character, security environment wisdom exposed to negative and local culture can be accomplished by applying the Full Day School program. This research aims to find the effect of applying rural FS at the school. The research results show that the first Full Day school (FDS) in a rural area school can maximize time to communicate with students to build good character, such as religious, social,l and environmental care to students. Secondly, FDS in rural school areas can protect students from bad effects outside the school environment, negatively influencing drug users, environment-free sex, bad motorcycle groups, etc. Third, FDS gives students enough opportunity to learn about local culture with family and society about local culture. They can have time with their families from morning till noon on Saturday and Sunday, which would improve their knowledge of local culture and family activities. It can be concluded that FDS in rural school areas positively affects building positive and good student character. It is recommended that it be applied in other schools.
Teacher Performance: Factors InfluencingTeacher Performance
Authors: Bumay Anitia Fadhila , Hariri Hasan , Rini Riswanti 
Published: February 2024

Teacher performance is a key to the success of a learning that takes place at schools. The better the teacher's performance, the more educational goals will be achieved. Teacher performance in schools is influenced by certain factors. This article aims to investigate the factors that can affect the performance of a teacher in schools. This research used the literature review method where data collection was carried out through a collection of articles from 2018 to 2023. There are 10 international articles as references from Google Scholar. This article can be useful from a theoretical aspect, namely to increase knowledge about what factors can affect teacher performance, then practically it can be used as a reference for the next research.
Keywords: Influence, Teacher Performance, School, Factor
The Mediating Role of Job Satisfaction on Gen Z Employees Turnover Intention
Authors: Lim Trillian , Fajar Dini Yuli Indah 
Published: February 2024

The drastic increase in turnover intention in 2020 was caused by the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, which spread to Indonesia, thus affecting all lines of human life. Some reasons for the intensity of turnover intention are organizational environment, work stress, depression, fatigue, workload, and its effect on employee job satisfaction. This study aims to analyze the impact of work stress and workload on turnover intention with job satisfaction as a mediation role amongst Generation Z employees. The sample in this study was 422 people representing the Generation Z workforce in Batam. PLS-SEM was used to analyze this data. The conclusions of this study indicate that job stress and job satisfaction have a positive effect on turnover intention and job satisfaction; workload has a negative relationship with turnover intention, while job satisfaction mediates the relationship between job stress, workload, and turnover intention.
What influences the inclusion of skin tone diversity when teaching skin assessment? Findings from a survey
Authors: Clemett Victoria , Gunowa Neesha Oozageer , Geraghty Jemell , Woodward Sue 
Published: February 2024

Background: Understanding the variances in visual skin changes across all skin tones is important in clinical care. However, the experiences of those teaching skin assessment to pre- and post-registrant nurses are unknown. Aims: To determine the barriers and facilitators experienced in teaching skin assessment across a range of skin tones to pre- and post-registrant nurses. Methods: A cross-sectional, mixed-methods online survey was undertaken throughout February and March 2023 based on the Theoretical Domains Framework of behaviour change. Findings: In this self-selecting sample, most participants were aware of why it was important to include all skin tones when teaching skin assessment and were professionally motivated to include this in their practice. However, resources and support are needed to overcome an unconscious bias in teaching skin tone diversity, resulting in a lack of availability of good quality photographs and educator confidence in their own skills. Educators not considering skin tone when selecting patient cases and relying on people with dark skin tones to highlight where practice is not inclusive may also lead to insufficient exposure for students. Conclusion: There is some awareness of the importance of including diverse skin tones in teaching, but further education and resources are needed.
My Experiences Making Decisions and Working Together in Research
Authors: Myers Jacob , Schwartz Ariel E. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
My name is Jacob Myers, and in this article, I describe my research experiences over the last 10 years. I like doing research because I get into the details and figure out answers to questions in research studies. I have worked on two main projects: making the Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory-Patient Reported Outcome (PEDI-PRO) and Research Ethics for All. I also do projects with other researchers at other universities. In this article, I also offer suggestions on how to work together as a team and how to be sure that people with disabilities are meaningfully included on research teams. It’s important for people with disabilities to do research because they can relate to the studies and the participants. I hope people with and without disabilities can keep being a part of research to help their communities to make positive changes.
My Experience in Information Dissemination
Authors: Milne Drew 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
My name is Drew Milne, and this article describes my experiences working to disseminate research findings. I’ve always been fascinated with the ways people communicate, and I wanted my work to contribute to helping people. In this article, I describe my pathway to becoming an information dissemination specialist. I also share important lessons I learned as I built my career. Finally, I offer suggestions on how researchers can support more self-advocates to work as information dissemination specialists. If we can all be more willing to listen closely to people who may not express themselves in exactly the same way as we do, we can all experience the benefits of new ideas we may have never heard before.
Planning Inclusive Research: A Comparison of Two Inclusive Dissertation Research Projects
Authors: Hughes Oscar E. , Schwartz Ariel E. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Planning inclusive research should center meaningful engagement of co-researchers with intellectual and/or developmental disabilities to address issues that are important to their communities. There are a variety of approaches to planning research projects consistent with the guiding principles of inclusive research. We describe components of planning inclusive research by comparing two inclusive dissertation research projects. We organize our comparison into five sections: (1) initiating the projects, (2) team member characteristics and roles, (3) building and sustaining relationships, (4) accessibility in the research process, and (5) outcomes. We then discuss how contextual and team-level factors influence the process of planning inclusive research.
Inclusive Dissemination: Inclusive Research Dissemination With Individuals With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities
Authors: Parent-Johnson Wendy S. , Duncan Austin W. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Inclusive research emphasizes the importance of researchers with intellectual and developmental disabilities playing active roles in all phases of research, including research and information dissemination. This article explores how contemporary literature and practical application of inclusive practices in the academic setting of a University Center of Excellence in Developmental Disabilities sheds light on this important yet often overlooked facet of research. It argues that, by adopting a suite of new and more inclusive approaches to dissemination, intellectual and developmental disability research and analysis can reach far beyond the walls of the academy. Approaches to inclusive and strategic sharing of research and other information are presented that can enhance the application and influence of that research. Strategies for increasing inclusivity are also detailed, along with challenges and future considerations to help the field enshrine these strategies in common practice. Finally, barriers to inclusive dissemination are discussed, along with methods to overcome them. Although it is clear that more research and work need to be done on this subject, these strategies, approaches, and methods will help research teams become more inclusive, ensuring the research is meaningful and accessible to people whose lives are affected by it.
Wait and watch: A trachoma surveillance strategy from Amhara region, Ethiopia
Authors: Sata Eshetu , Seife Fikre , Ayele Zebene , Murray Sarah A. , Wickens Karana , Le Phong , Zerihun Mulat , Melak Berhanu , Chernet Ambahun , Jensen Kimberly A. , Gessese Demelash , Zeru Taye , Dawed Adisu Abebe , Debebe Hiwot , Tadesse Zerihun , Callahan E. Kelly , Martin Diana L. , Nash Scott D. 
Published: February 2024

Background
Trachoma recrudescence after elimination as a public health problem has been reached is a concern for control programs globally. Programs typically conduct district-level trachoma surveillance surveys (TSS) ≥ 2 years after the elimination threshold is achieved to determine whether the prevalence of trachomatous inflammation-follicular (TF) among children ages 1 to 9 years remains <5%. Many TSS are resulting in a TF prevalence ≥5%. Once a district returns to TF ≥5%, a program typically restarts costly mass drug administration (MDA) campaigns and surveys at least twice, for impact and another TSS. In Amhara, Ethiopia, most TSS which result in a TF ≥5% have a prevalence close to 5%, making it difficult to determine whether the result is due to true recrudescence or to statistical variability. This study’s aim was to monitor recrudescence within Amhara by waiting to restart MDA within 2 districts with a TF prevalence ≥5% at TSS, Metema = 5.2% and Woreta Town = 5.1%. The districts were resurveyed 1 year later using traditional and alternative indicators, such as measures of infection and serology, a “wait and watch” approach.

Methods/Principal findings
These post-surveillance surveys, conducted in 2021, were multi-stage cluster surveys whereby certified graders assessed trachoma signs. Children ages 1 to 9 years provided a dried blood spot and children ages 1 to 5 years provided a conjunctival swab. TF prevalence in Metema and Woreta Town were 3.6% (95% Confidence Interval [CI]:1.4–6.4) and 2.5% (95% CI:0.8–4.5) respectively. Infection prevalence was 1.2% in Woreta Town and 0% in Metema. Seroconversion rates to Pgp3 in Metema and Woreta Town were 0.4 (95% CI:0.2–0.7) seroconversions per 100 child-years and 0.9 (95% CI:0.6–1.5) respectively.

Conclusions/Significance
Both study districts had a TF prevalence <5% with low levels of Chlamydia trachomatis infection and transmission, and thus MDA interventions are no longer warranted. The wait and watch approach represents a surveillance strategy which could lead to fewer MDA campaigns and surveys and thus cost savings with reduced antibiotic usage.
C
1,α-rectifiability in low codimension in Heisenberg groups
Authors: Idu Kennedy Obinna , Maiale Francesco Paolo 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
A natural higher-order notion of

C

1
,
α

{C}^{1,\alpha }

-rectifiability,

0
<
α
≤
1

0\lt \alpha \le 1

, is introduced for subsets of the Heisenberg groups

H

n

{{\mathbb{H}}}^{n}

in terms of covering a set almost everywhere with a countable union of

(

C

H

1
,
α

,
H

)

\left({{\bf{C}}}_{H}^{1,\alpha },{\mathbb{H}})

-regular surfaces. Using this, we prove a geometric characterization of

C

1
,
α

{C}^{1,\alpha }

-rectifiable sets of low codimension in Heisenberg groups

H

n

{{\mathbb{H}}}^{n}

in terms of an almost everywhere existence of suitable approximate tangent paraboloids.
Use of enzymatic processes in the tanning of leather materials
Authors: Lasoń-Rydel Magdalena , Sieczyńska Katarzyna , Gendaszewska Dorota , Ławińska Katarzyna , Olejnik Tomasz P. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The policy of sustainable development, the need to save natural environmental resources, and the use of waste as raw materials in new production processes allow the use of enzymes in many industries. Enzymatic tanning and chrome tanning are two different methods used in the leather industry to transform raw hides into a durable and usable material. Enzymatic tanning uses natural enzymes that are biodegradable and environmentally friendly. Additionally, enzymatic tanning requires less water and generates less waste than chrome tanning. Moreover, enzymatic tanning can result in softer and more flexible leather with better uniformity. Enzymes selectively break down collagen fibers, resulting in a more even tanning and a consistent leather product. The use of combined enzymatic technologies with non-obvious leather finishing methodologies in tanning is forced by European Union regulations limiting the use of hazardous substances and generating significant amounts of corrosive wastewater for the environment. However, tanning with enzymes is not a perfect process; therefore, this work presents the advantages and disadvantages of tanning with enzymes and describes new technological trends in the tanning industry.
Ultra-low-power CMOS ring oscillator with minimum power consumption of 2.9 pW using low-voltage biasing technique
Authors: Al-Shebanee Durgham 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The need for low-power low-voltage circuit so lutions increases significantly with the rapid spread of wireless sensor network (WSN) and energy harvesting applications. The design of Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) oscillators in sub-threshold region is challenged by the limits of the minimum start-up sup ply voltage, the power available from the harvester, die area, the demand of fully integrated CMOS circuits, and the additional auxiliary circuits that are needed to stabilize the frequency vs a supply voltage V
DD. In this work, low-power CMOS oscillator with a simplified design is proposed in order to overcome the aforementioned obstacles. The circuit is designed using 2.5 µm 2-polySi 2-metal CMOS technology from IMB–CNM (CSIC) [1] with a threshold voltage of n-channel metal oxide semiconductor NMOS and p-channel metal oxide semiconductor PMOS transistors of 0.86 and −1.52 V, respectively. The suggested oscillator is capable to start up even in the deep sub-threshold region at V
DD of 0.25 V. Accordingly, the minimum power consumption is 2.9 pW with an oscillation frequency of 2 Hz. The circuit can produce a P–P voltage of the oscillation signal equal to the supply voltage within a power supply range of 0.25–1.25 V.
Low alkaline vegetation concrete with silica fume and nano-fly ash composites to improve the planting properties and soil ecology
Authors: Ganapathy Ganesh Prabhu , Kaliyappan Shunmuga Priya , Ramamoorthy Venkada Lakshmi , Shanmugam Sethuraman , AlObaid Abeer , Warad Ismail , Velusamy Sampathkumar , Achuthan Aravindan , Sundaram Hemavathi , Vinayagam Mohanavel , Sivakumar Vivek 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Slope protection and erosion management are severely hampered by the rapid infrastructure development in mountainous valleys, especially during the monsoon season. While conventional approaches like vegetation, porous concrete, and inorganic procedures have been used, stronger and more ecologically friendly alternatives are still needed. A new kind of concrete called vegetation concrete (VC) allows roots to grow through the concrete frame by combining plant integration with porous concrete. This creative method might be used for environmentally friendly building and planting. The alkalinity of VC significantly impacts its planting capabilities and soil nutrient levels, making it crucial to reduce VC alkalinity. In this study, silica fume (SF) and fly ash (FA) were combined to create low-alkaline VC. The effects of SF and FA on VC’s alkalinity, porosity, compressive strength, and planting characteristics were examined. The study also investigated VC’s influence on soil fertility and its impact on soil nutrients. Test results revealed that SF and FA reduced the pH of the VC by reducing calcium hydroxide (CH) crystals. While SF had a lower basicity coefficient (M) than FA, it had a more significant effect on lowering VC alkalinity. The compressive strength decreased with FA but increased with SF, despite SF having a smaller cement component in VC–SF mixes. This suggests that blending VC with SF and FA is feasible, with the SF dosage exceeding the FA dosage for reduced alkalinity and increased strength. Lowering VC alkalinity through SF and FA increased soil nutrients, including hydrolyzable nitrogen (AH-N), extractable phosphorus (P), and potassium (K). It also improved planting properties like root development, stem height, and leaf relative water content. Using VC for soil stabilization did not reduce soil fertility but instead increased the available phosphorus and alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen in the soil by 32.81 and 52.92%, respectively. The findings of this study open up new avenues for investigation into this technology and have important ramifications for the use of VC technology, particularly in Indian contexts.
To the Issue of Criminal Liability of Medical Workers for Causing Death by Negligence
Authors: Dunin Oleg 
Published: February 2024

The article analyzed the conflict between Part 2 of Article 109 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation Causing death by negligence, due to improper performance of professional duties and Part 2 of Article 238 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation Production, storage, transportation or sale of goods and products, performance of works or provision of services that do not meet safety requirements, which inadvertently caused serious harm to health or death of a person. The author generalized the doctrinal positions that have developed in the science of criminal law regarding the differentiation of these compositions, analyzed individual precedents from judicial practice in cases of crimes committed by medical professionals. The author considered individual aspects of the elements of crimes described in Part 2 of the Article 109 of the Criminal Code and paragraph “b” of Part 2 of Article 238 of the Criminal Code. The author suggested to distinguish these compositions depending on the functions performed by a medical professional who committed an act that caused harm.