bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Behavioral model of a noisy VCO for efficient time‐domain simulation
Authors: Centurelli Francesco , Ercolani Alessandro , Scotti Giuseppe , Tommasino Pasquale , Trifiletti Alessandro 
Published: January 2004

AbstractIn this paper, a behavioral model of a noisy oscillator, which allows system simulation with CAD tools and implementation in hardware description languages, is presented. A procedure to extract the parameters of the empirical model from noise measurements, performed by means of a circuit simulator, has been proposed and successfully applied. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 40: 352–355, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.11379
Design of multiple U‐shaped slot microstrip patch antenna in Hiper‐LAN band
Authors: Jeong GyeyTeak , Yoon Joong‐Han , Lee Sang Mok , Kwak Kyung‐Sup 
Published: January 2004

AbstractIn this paper, a multiple U‐shaped slot antenna is described, designed, fabricated, and measured for Hiper‐LAN. The design is based on a U‐shaped slot and two inverted U‐shaped slots. To obtain sufficient bandwidth, a foam layer is inserted between the ground plane and substrate. A measured impedance bandwidth approximately 400 MHz or about 7.6% (VSWR ≤ 1.5) referenced to the center frequency is obtained. The gain is measured at 5.43–4.45 dBi. The experimental far‐field patterns are shown to be broad across the pass band, with the 3‐dB beam width in azimuth and elevation at 58.17° and 66.57°, respectively. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 40: 368–370, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.11384
Mutual coupling between spherical‐rectangular microstrip antennas
Authors: Burum Niksa , Sipus Zvonimir , Bartolic Juraj 
Published: January 2004

AbstractThe mutual coupling between rectangular microstrip patches mounted on a spherical structure is studied in this paper. The analysis approach is based on the spectral‐domain method of moments (MoM). An approximate method is developed to calculate coupling between currents located on different patches. A laboratory model is built to test different configurations of patches and to validate the calculated results. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 40: 387–391, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.11389
Tunable dual‐wavelength linear‐cavity fiber laser by using an external injection‐seeding scheme
Authors: Peng Peng‐Chun , Chi Sien 
Published: January 2004

AbstractIn this paper, we propose and demonstrate a tunable dual‐wavelength fiber laser by using an external injection‐seeding scheme with a Fabry–Perot laser diode. The wavelength tuning range of this tunable dual‐wavelength fiber laser is 12.6 nm, and the optical side‐mode suppression ratio (SMSR) is more than 27 dB. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 40: 406–408, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.11394
Analytical noise model of a high‐electron‐mobility transistor for microwave‐frequency application
Authors: Guru Vandana , Vyas H. P. , Gupta Mridula , Gupta R. S. 
Published: January 2004

AbstractNoise analysis for AlGaAs/GaAs HEMT and AlGaAs/InGaAs/GaAs PHEMT is developed at microwave frequency using an accurate charge control approach. The small‐signal parameters and the drain and gate‐noise sources are calculated to determine the noise coefficients and correlation coefficients. Finally, the minimum noise figure is evaluated by incorporating the extrinsic noise sources and compared with the experimental data, which is in excellent agreement. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 40: 410–417, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.11396
A low‐pass filter of wide stopband with a novel multilayer fractal photonic bandgap structure
Authors: Liu Hai‐Wen , Sun Xiao‐Wei , Li Zheng‐Fan 
Published: January 2004

AbstractA novel multilayer fractal photonic bandgap (PBG) is presented as the substrate for a microstrip line and resulting configuration builds a low‐pass filter (LPF) of wide stop‐band. Experimental results in comparison with the corresponding two filters with monoplayer PBG show that the proposed filter drastically enhances the width of the stop‐band. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 40: 431–432, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.11401
Semiconductor optical amplifier cascaded optical single‐sideband modulation with phase pre‐distortion
Authors: Koo Bon‐Jo , Lee Ui‐Soo , Lee Seok , Han Sang‐Kook 
Published: January 2004

AbstractAn optical single sideband modulation with a cascaded semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The single sideband‐modulated signal is predicted using the phase predistortion technique in the RF input of the Mach–Zehnder modulator. The predicted results are compared with the measured data and good agreement is reported. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 40: 436–438, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.11403
Molecular cloning and expression analysis of vitellogenin in scallop, Patinopecten yessoensis (bivalvia, mollusca)
Authors: Osada Makoto , Harata Masahiko , Kishida Mitsuyo , Kijima Akihiro 
Published: January 2004

AbstractThe present study was undertaken to determine scallop vitellogenin (Vtg) cDNA sequence, to identify Vtg synthesizing cell, and to analyze the regulation of Vtg mRNA expression. Clones containing partial cDNA sequence of Vtg were isolated from cDNA library of the scallop ovary by immunoscreening with the anti‐scallop vitellin (Vn) serum. The deduced amino acid sequence of the clone containing the longest cDNA insert (1,689 bp) was identified as a member of the lipid transport protein family and exhibited about 20–35% identity with Vtgs of other oviparous animals. Northern blot analysis identified a single transcript longer than 10 kb in the ovary. Dot blot analysis of the ovary showed a high amount of Vtg mRNA during the growing stage and the level was retained until spawning stage. In situ hybridization demonstrated the expression of Vtg mRNA in the auxiliary cells closely associated with growing oocytes, suggesting that the synthesis of a major yolk protein in the scallop occurs through hetero‐synthetic pathway without mediation through the blood flow but occurs de novo in the ovary. The content of Vtg mRNA in the ovarian tissue cultured in vitro with vitellogenesis promoting factor (VPF), which strongly promotes Vtg protein synthesis, from the cerebral plus pedal ganglion (CPG) showed no change. The transcription of Vtg mRNA appeared to be promoted by estradiol‐17β (E2) not by VPF although VPF may enhance the translation of Vtg mRNA. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 67: 273–281, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Study of newly synthesized proteins during bovine oocyte maturation in vitro using image analysis of two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis
Authors: Coenen Karine , Massicotte Lyne , Sirard Marc‐André 
Published: January 2004

AbstractTo investigate protein synthesis during bovine oocyte maturation in vitro, oocytes were put in culture with 35S‐methionine for 4 hr periods from time zero to 28 hr. Pools of 10 oocytes were then prepared for two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis (2‐DE). For each time interval, three gels were obtained, digitalized, and analyzed to detect proteins. Then, the gel containing the most proteins was chosen as the reference gel and compared with the others. An averaged gel was created with proteins present in at least two gels of the three. Our results indicate that the rate of protein synthesis is higher at the beginning of maturation until the appearance of metaphase I (MI, 8–12 hr) and then it decreases and stays relatively constant. Percentages of initial proteins (0–4 hr) and remaining present during the progression decrease progressively from 100% to 53%. In contrast, when we compare proteins synthesized from the 4 to 8 hr period with proteins from the 8 to 12 or the 12 to 16 hr intervals, percentages of overall protein matching are stable with values of 81 and 79%, respectively. Comparison of proteins from 20 to 24 hr with proteins from 16 to 20 or 24 to 28 hr intervals also gives stable percentages of overall protein matching with values of 83 and 84%, respectively. Furthermore, a higher number of new proteins is observed at 4–8 hr (n = 130) and 16–20 hr (n = 136) of maturation. Thus, three major patterns of protein synthesis were observed during bovine oocyte maturation in vitro: one at the beginning of maturation (0–4 hr), another one in the middle (4–16 hr), and the last one after the completion of MI stage (16–28 hr). Mol. Reprod. Dev. 67: 313–322, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
MAP kinases regulate unfertilized egg apoptosis and fertilization suppresses death via Ca2+ signaling
Authors: Sadler Kirsten C. , Yüce Özlem , Hamaratoǧlu Fisun , Vergé Valérie , Peaucellier Gérard , Picard André 
Published: January 2004

AbstractThe default fate for eggs from many species is death by apoptosis and thus, successful fertilization depends upon suppression of the maternal death program. Little is known about the molecular triggers which activate this process or how the fertilization signal suppresses the default maternal apoptotic pathway. The MAP kinase (MAPK) family member, ERK, plays a universal and critical role in several stages of oocyte meiotic maturation, and fertilization results in ERK inactivation. In somatic cells, ERK and other MAPK family members, p38 and JNK, provide opposing signals to regulate apoptosis, however, it is not known whether MAPKs play a regulatory role in egg apoptosis, nor whether suppression of apoptosis by fertilization is mediated by MAPK activity. Here we demonstrate that MAPKs are involved in starfish egg apoptosis and we investigate the relationship between the fertilization induced signaling pathway and MAPK activation. ERK is active in post‐meiotic eggs just until apoptosis onset and then p38, JNK and a third kinase are activated, and remain active through execution. Sequential activation of ERK and p38 is necessary for apoptosis, and newly synthesized proteins are required both upstream of ERK and downstream of p38 for activation of the full apoptotic program. Fertilization causes a dramatic rise in intracellular Ca2+, and we report that Ca2+ provides a necessary and sufficient pro‐survival signal. The Ca2+ pathway following fertilization of both young and aged eggs causes ERK to be rapidly inactivated, but fertilization cannot rescue aged eggs from death, indicating that ERK inactivation is not sufficient to suppress apoptosis. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 67: 366–000, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Process for the integrated extraction, identification and quantification of metabolites, proteins and RNA to reveal their co‐regulation in biochemical networks
Authors: Weckwerth Wolfram , Wenzel Kathrin , Fiehn Oliver 
Published: January 2004

AbstractA novel extraction protocol is described with which metabolites, proteins and RNA are sequentially extracted from the same sample, thereby providing a convenient procedure for the analysis of replicates as well as exploiting the inherent biological variation of independent samples for multivariate data analysis. A detection of 652 metabolites, 297 proteins and clear RNA bands in a single Arabidopsis thaliana leaf sample was validated by analysis with gas chromatography coupled to a time of flight mass spectrometer for metabolites, two‐dimensional liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry for proteins, and Northern blot analysis for RNA. A subset of the most abundant proteins and metabolites from replicate analysis of different Arabidopsis accessions was merged to form an integrative dataset allowing both classification of different genotypes and the unbiased analysis of the hierarchical organization of proteins and metabolites within a real biochemical network.
Proteomic analysis of nuclear proteins from proliferative and differentiated human colonic intestinal epithelial cells
Authors: Turck Natacha , Richert Sophie , Gendry Patrick , Stutzmann Jeanne , Kedinger Michèle , Leize Emmanuelle , Simon‐Assmann Patricia , Van Dorsselaer Alain , Launay Jean‐François 
Published: January 2004

AbstractSelf‐renewing tissues such as the intestine contain progenitor proliferating cells which subsequently differentiate. Cell proliferation and differentiation involve gene regulation processes which take place in the nucleus. A human intestinal epithelial cell line model (Caco2/TC7) which reproduces these dynamic processes has been used to perform proteomic studies on nuclear proteins. Nuclei from Caco2/TC7 cells at proliferative and differentiated stages were purified by subcellular fractionation. After two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis separation and ruthenium staining, 400 protein spots were detected by image analysis. Eighty‐five spots corresponding to 60 different proteins were identified by matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry in nuclei from proliferative cells. Comparison of nuclear proteomes from proliferative or differentiated cells by differential display resulted in the identification of differentially expressed proteins such as nucleolin, hnRNP A2/B1 and hnRNP A1. By using Western blot analysis, we found that the expression and number of specific isoforms of these nuclear proteins decreased in differentiated cells. Immunocytochemistry experiments also showed that in proliferative cells nucleolin was distributed in nucleoli‐like bodies. In contrast, hnRNPs A2/B1 and A1 were dispersed throughout the nucleus. This study of the nuclear proteome from intestinal epithelial cells represents the first step towards the establishment of a protein database which will be a valuable resource in future studies on the differential expression of nuclear proteins in response to physiological, pharmacological and pathological modulations.
Mining biomarkers in human sera using proteomic tools
Authors: Zhang Rulin , Barker Lisa , Pinchev Deborah , Marshall John , Rasamoelisolo Michèle , Smith Chris , Kupchak Peter , Kireeva Inga , Ingratta Leslee , Jackowski George 
Published: January 2004

AbstractOne of the major difficulties in mining low abundance biomarkers from serum or plasma is due to the fact that a small number of proteins such as albumin, α2‐macroglobulin, transferrin, and immunoglobulins, may represent as much as 80% of the total serum protein. The large quantity of these proteins makes it difficult to identify low abundance proteins in serum using traditional 2‐dimensional electrophoresis. We recently used a combination of multidimensional liquid chromatography and gel electrophoresis coupled to matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization‐quadrupole‐time of flight and Ion Trap liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry to identify protein markers in sera of Alzheimer's disease (AD), insulin resistance/type‐2 diabetes (IR/D2), and congestive heart failure (CHF) patients. We identified 8 proteins that exhibit higher levels in control sera and 36 proteins that exhibit higher levels in disease sera. For example, haptoglobin and hemoglobin are elevated in sera of AD, IR/D2, and CHF patients. The levels of several other proteins including fibrinogen and its fragments, alpha 2‐macroglobulin, transthyretin, pro‐platelet basic protein, protease inhibitors clade A and C, as well as proteins involved in the classical complement pathway such as complement C3, C4, and C1 inhibitor, were found to differ between IR/D2 and control sera. The sera levels of proteins, such as the 10 kDa subunit of vitronectin, alpha 1‐acid glycoprotein, apolipoprotein B100, fragment of factor H, and histidine‐rich glycoprotein were observed to be different between AD and controls. The differences observed in these biomarker candidates were confirmed by Western blot and the enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. The biological meaning of the proteomic changes in the disease states and the potential use of these changes as diagnostic tools or for therapeutic intervention will be discussed.
Environmental stress responses in Lactobacillus: A review
Authors: De Angelis Maria , Gobbetti Marco 
Published: January 2004

AbstractEnvironmental stress responses in Lactobacillus, which have been investigated mainly by proteomics approaches, are reviewed. The physiological and molecular mechanisms of responses to heat, cold, acid, osmotic, oxygen, high pressure and starvation stresses are described. Specific examples of the repercussions of these effects in food processing are given. Molecular mechanisms of stress responses in lactobacilli and other bacteria are compared.
Grape berry biochemistry revisited upon proteomic analysis of the mesocarp
Authors: Sarry Jean‐Emmanuel , Sommerer Nicolas , Sauvage François‐Xavier , Bergoin Alexis , Rossignol Michel , Albagnac Guy , Romieu Charles 
Published: January 2004

AbstractMajor soluble proteins of grapevine ripe berries were extracted from six different cultivars including non vinifera, with trichloroacetic acid acetone and resolved in two‐dimensional electrophoresis (2‐DE) gels. About three hundred spots were detected on the 2‐DE map after colloidal blue staining. From 2‐DE map of cv. Gamay mesocarp, 67 proteins were identified (p > 0.95) using matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization‐mass spectrometry analysis. About 34%, 19%, and 13% of identified proteins play, respectively, a role in energy metabolism, defense, and stress response and primary metabolism. 2‐DE analysis revealed considerable accumulation of dehydrin, invertase, and a putative transcription factor in the ripe fruit, in addition to pathogenesis‐related proteins such as chitinase and thaumatin‐like proteins previously documented as prevalent proteins in ripe berries. Actual translation of redundant transcripts of unclear function such as Grip31, Grip32, and Grip61 recently cloned in ripe grape berries was confirmed. The relative abundance of UDP‐glucose pyrophosphorylase and vacuolar invertase strongly supported a key role of the apoplastic pathway of sugar loading during ripening. Comparative analysis shows that differences between cultivars were low, but different isoforms of alcohol dehydrogenase and of a transcription factor of hexose transporter were obvious in the six cultivars. Peptide mass fingerprinting suggests that the Adh isoforms would be Adh2/Adh6 or Adh2/Adh7 dimers and unambiguously shows that considerable deletion/insertion inside Adh7 are not cloning artifacts.
Comparing expression level‐dependent features in codon usage with protein abundance: An analysis of ‘predictive proteomics’
Authors: McHardy Alice C. , Pühler Alfred , Kalinowski Jörn , Meyer Folker 
Published: January 2004

AbstractSynonymous codon usage is a commonly used means for estimating gene expression levels of Escherichia coli genes and has also been used for predicting highly expressed genes for a number of prokaryotic genomes. By comparison of expression level‐dependent features in codon usage with protein abundance data from two proteome studies of exponentially growing E. coli and Bacillus subtilis cells, we try to evaluate whether the implicit assumption of this approach can be confirmed with experimental data. Log‐odds ratio scores are used to model differences in codon usage between highly expressed genes and genomic average. Using these, the strength and significance of expression level‐dependent features in codon usage were determined for the genes of the Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis and Haemophilus influenzae genomes. The comparison of codon usage features with protein abundance data confirmed a relationship between these to be present, although exceptions to this, possibly related to functional context, were found. For species with expression level‐dependent features in their codon usage, the applied methodology could be used to improve in silico simulations of the outcome of two‐dimensional gel electrophoretic experiments.
Proteome analysis of cultivar‐specific deregulations of Oryza sativa indica and O. sativa japonica cellular suspensions undergoing Rice yellow mottle virus infection
Authors: Ventelon‐Debout Marjolaine , Delalande François , Brizard Jean‐Paul , Diemer Hélène , Van Dorsselaer Alain , Brugidou Christophe 
Published: January 2004

AbstractWe have used two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis with mass spectrometry analysis to study the temporal patterns of protein expression during RYMV (Rice yellow mottle virus) infection in rice cells of two cultivars: IR64, Oryza sativa indica, susceptible, and Azucena, O. sativa japonica, partially resistant to RYMV. Proteomic analysis of nonstressed and RYMV inoculated cells showed statistically significant changes in the relative levels of 40 IR64 proteins and 24 Azucena proteins. Protein identification using mass spectrometry was attempted for all the differentially regulated proteins. This global analysis detected 32 hypothetical “new” proteins. Nineteen differentially regulated proteins were identified for IR64 cultivar, while 13 were identified for Azucena cultivar, including proteins in three functional categories: metabolism, stress‐related proteins, and translation. These data revealed that a number of proteins regulated by abiotic stress response pathway were activated by RYMV in both cultivars (such as salt‐induced protein, heat shock proteins (HSPs), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and others have functions consistent with the susceptibility or partially resistance trait (such as dehydrin, proteins involved in glycolysis pathway).
Differentiation between peptides containing acetylated or tri‐methylated lysines by mass spectrometry: An application for determining lysine 9 acetylation and methylation of histone H3
Authors: Zhang Kangling , Yau Peter M. , Chandrasekhar Bhaskar , New Ron , Kondrat Richard , Imai Brian S. , Bradbury Morton E. 
Published: January 2004

AbstractHistone acetylation and methylation play a critical role in transcription and gene regulation. Identification of sites of lysine acetylation and methylation in histones or other proteins by mass spectrometry (MS) is of increasing interest. In this paper, we report the use of MS to differentiate between peptides containing acetylated or tri‐methylated lysines. High accuracy matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization‐time of flight MS gives better than five parts per million measurement accuracy, which is sufficient to verify acetylation and/or methylation. Electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry was used to assign modification sites and to differentiate acetylation from methylation. Typically, an immonium ion at m/z 98 corresponds to a mono‐methylated lysine and an immonium ion at m/z 126 corresponds to an acetylated lysine. The neutral loss ion (MH+‐59) is unique for a tri‐methylated lysine. For a peptide with two or more modification sites of acetylation or tri‐methylation or one site containing partial acetylation and tri‐methylation, the a2‐, b2‐type ion is the characteristic index for an acetylated lysine whereas the b2‐59 ion is indicative of a tri‐methylated lysine in the N‐terminus. The y‐type ions and y‐59 ions are charateristic of an acetylated lysine and a tri‐methylated lysine at the C‐terminus, respectively. We demonstrated that a lysine in a peptide modified by methylation or acetylation can be differentiated by MS using our method. Even if more then one lysine is present in a peptide and different modifications of this amino acid occur, they can be distinguished. This method was successful for the determination of the acetylation and methylation status of lysine 9 of histone H3 in chicken erythrocytes and human HeLa cell lines.