bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Purpose in Life and Cognitive Function: Evidence for Momentary Associations in Daily Life
Authors: Sutin Angelina R , Luchetti Martina , Gamaldo Alyssa A , Mogle Jacqueline , Lovett Hephzibah H , Brown Justin , Sliwinski Martin J , Terracciano Antonio 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Purpose in life is associated with healthier cognitive outcomes in older adulthood. This research examines within-person dynamics between momentary purpose and cognitive function to provide proof of concept that increases in purpose are associated with better cognitive performance.

Research Design and Methods
Participants (N = 303; 54% female; Mage = 51.71, SD = 7.32) completed smartphone-based momentary assessments of purpose and short cognitive tasks 3 times a day for 8 days.

Results
In moments when participants felt more purpose driven than their average, they had faster processing speed (b = −1.240, SE = 0.194; p &lt; .001), independent of person, temporal, and contextual factors and practice effects. Momentary purpose was unrelated to visual working memory performance (b = −0.001, SE = 0.001; p = .475). In contrast to purpose, momentary hedonic affect (e.g., happiness) was unrelated to momentary cognition.

Discussion and Implications
Feeling more momentary purpose may support faster processing speed in daily life. Such evidence provides stage 0 support for a purpose-based intervention for healthier cognition, which may be particularly useful in middle adulthood and the transition to older adulthood before the onset of cognitive impairment.
Nonpharmacological Interventions for Chronic Pain in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Leung Dara Kiu Yi , Fong Annabelle Pui Chi , Wong Frankie Ho Chun , Liu Tianyin , Wong Gloria Hoi Yan , Lum Terry Yat Sang 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Gate control theory and fear-avoidance model of chronic pain posit that biopsychosocial factors can modulate pain. Nonpharmacological interventions are recommended in managing chronic pain, but little information is available regarding their efficacy in older adults. We examined and compared the efficacy of different nonpharmacological intervention approaches for chronic pain management among older adults via meta-analysis and subgroup analysis.

Research Design and Methods
Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines (PROSPERO number CRD42020222767), a systematic search was undertaken using MEDLINE, Embase, and PsycINFO up to March 21, 2022. Randomized controlled trials were included, and data were pooled using a random-effects meta-analysis model. Risk of bias was assessed using a quality rating scale for psychological interventions.

Results
Twenty-five trials (N = 2,394 participants) were identified. Six types of nonpharmacological interventions were compared with control conditions (sham/attention control and treatment as usual). Nonpharmacological interventions were associated with significant reductions in pain intensity, pain interference, depressive symptoms, catastrophizing beliefs, and improvement in physical performance (standardized mean differences −0.34 to 0.54). Subgroup analyses based on different nonpharmacological approaches revealed the benefits of psychological approaches combined with physical activity.

Discussion and Implications
Nonpharmacological interventions, particularly those adopting psychological approaches and physical activity, have a small but statistically significant effect on chronic pain management in older adults. Reduction in pain interference may be related to reduced catastrophizing beliefs, thus providing support for the fear-avoidance model. Further research with adequate power is needed to establish the efficacy and mechanism of various intervention modalities for older adults.
“When somebody says this is a program for adults, it kind of smacks of pornography”: Older Adults’ Opinions on Age Labels in the Public Library
Authors: Dalmer Nicole K , Bull Amanda , Mitrovica Bria 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Chronological age is invariably used as a categorizing tool for spaces, collections, and programs in public libraries. With age-based conceptions of human experience in library practice, education, and scholarship primarily focused on those under the age 18, little is known how age-based classifications are implemented in public libraries, and with what impacts, for older library patrons.

Research Design and Methods
Stemming from a larger project that seeks to bring attention to the ways in which public libraries engage with community-dwelling older adults, this paper explores 51 older patrons’ perspectives on the numbers and language (e.g., 55+, older adult, seniors, adult) assigned to older adults in library programs and which label best (or least) suits their sense of identity and, in turn, what language encourages or deters their engagement with library programs.

Results
Findings illustrate that age-based language describing older adult library programs is often at odds with patrons’ perceptions of how library programming relevant to them ought to be labeled. Common to all participants was a clear dislike for the term “elderly.” While most participants preferred “older adult” to “senior,” others voiced no preference, as long as they felt heard and valued. Many participants linked the use of language used to describe library programs to being excluded from and treated differently from other (younger) library patrons.

Discussion and Implications
The language used to group and describe different library populations directly shapes feelings of belonging (or exclusion) in library programs. Insights from this research contribute to our evolving understandings of the ways in which language connected to age can shape one’s sense of identity. Results also serve to cultivate a more sensitive and critical approach to the question of age within library science, and, by extension, the experiences of older adults who frequent the library.
The Impact of Disability and Assistive Technology Use on Well-Being in Later Life: Findings From the National Health and Aging Trends Study
Authors: Su Tai-Te , Mejía Shannon T 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Although assistive technologies have the potential to bridge the gap between personal capabilities and environmental demands, they may not always fully accommodate disability. This study examined the implications of change in the extent of accommodation provided by assistive technology for well-being in older adulthood.

Research Design and Methods
Data from 5 waves (2015–2019) of the National Health and Aging Trends Study provided information on disability and assistive technology use among older adults aged 65 and older in the United States (n = 7,057). An eight-level index that jointly characterized the spectrum of disability and assistive technology use was applied to 7 activities of daily living (ADLs). Fixed-effects panel model assessed within-person associations between well-being and the extent of assistive technology accommodation along different levels of the disability spectrum.

Results
At baseline, bathing (28.7%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 27.6, 29.8) and toileting (37.9%; 95% CI: 36.2, 39.6) were the 2 activities in which most older adults successfully accommodated their limitations with assistive technologies. Longitudinally, the level of support provided by assistive technology changed widely across activities and over time. Within-person analyses showed that for all ADLs except for eating, there was a significant decline in well-being when the adopted assistive technology no longer supported users’ needs and successfully resolved their disabilities.

Discussion and Implications
Our findings highlight the utility of technology-based interventions and underscore the imperative that assistive technologies attend to the specific needs of older adults and support independence in everyday activities.
Subsurface anatomy of the Irazú–Turrialba volcanic complex, inferred from the integration of local and ambient seismic tomographic methods
Authors: Jiwani-Brown E A , Koulakov I , Muñoz-Burbano F , Pacheco J F , Mora M M , Savard G , Lupi M 
Published: February 2024

SUMMARY
Irazú and Turrialba are a twin volcanic complex that marks a distinct stop in volcanism along the Central America volcanic arc. We present a new traveltime velocity model of the crust beneath Irazú and Turrialba volcanoes, Costa Rica, and interpret it considering the results of previous ambient noise tomographic inversions. Data were acquired by a temporary seismic network during a period of low activity of the Irazú–Turrialba volcanic complex in 2018–2019. Beneath the Irazú volcano, we observe low P-wave velocities (VP = 5 km s−1) and low velocity ratios (VP/VS = 1.6). In contrast, below the Turrialba volcano, we observe low S-wave velocities (VS = 3 km s−1) and a high VP/VS (= 1.85) anomaly. We found that locations of low VP and VS anomalies (−15 %) correspond well with shear wave velocity anomalies retrieved from ambient noise tomography. At shallower depths, we observe high VP and VS anomalies (+15 %) located between the summits of the volcanoes. Subvertical velocity anomalies are also observed at greater depths, with high VP and VS anomalies appearing at the lower limits of our models. We propose a complex structure of an intermediate magmatic reservoir, presenting multiphase fluid states of a liquid-to-gas transition beneath Irazú and a juvenile store of magmatic fluid beneath Turrialba, while shallow fluid transport provides evidence of magmatic–hydrothermal interactions.
Deep investigation of muography in discovering geological structures in mineral exploration: a case study of Zaozigou gold mine
Authors: Liu Guorui , Yao Kaiqiang , Niu Feiyun , Li Zhuodai , Tian Heng , Li Jiangkun , Luo Xujia , Jin Long , Gao Jinlei , Rong Jian , Fu Zhiqiang , Kang Youxin , Zhang Weixiong , Ding Shuhong , Wang Yuxi , Zeng Junjie , Luo Xiaogang , Tian Xiangsheng , Shi Wenquan , Hu Jiqiu , Zhang Zhiping , Yu Minghai , Wu Feng , Chen Jingjing , Liu Juntao , Liu Zhiyi 
Published: February 2024

SUMMARY
Muography is a promising and rapidly developing physical prospecting technique based on the attenuation of muon flux. The feasibility and potential of applying muography to mining were presented in a small number of previous case studies. In this work, we aimed to address three challenges that limit the applicability and efficiency of muography in mineral exploration: (1) application to low-density-contrast ore body exploration, (2) analysis of altitudinal impacts on measurements and (3) precise and efficient reconstruction. We conducted the first case of applying muography to the exploration for low-density-contrast ore bodies. Six muon imaging systems were placed underground to collect surviving muons for roughly half a year. We analysed the altitudinal impact on the data measurements and proposed a simplified method to eliminate it. We also developed the seed algorithm, a novel 3-D reconstruction algorithm, that can reconstruct anomalies located far away from the detectors and avoid their elongation along the observed directions. Benefitting from the seed algorithm, a low-density-contrast ore body and a limonitic siliceous slate structure were reconstructed, demonstrating the sensitivity of this technique in density distinction; discoveries of several mined-out areas are important for accident avoidance; and reconstruction of the stope and scarps served as strong circumstantial evidence of the reliability of the result. The success of this experiment shows the great value of muography in the economic, research and safety aspects of mineral exploration and inspection. Moreover, the overcoming of challenges is helpful for the development of muography, making it an effective and competitive technique in this field.
Advancing youth tobacco surveillance with novel methods
Authors: Farrelly M C , Levine B , Cavazos M L 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Tobacco surveillance in the United States is robust but cannot be quickly modified to capture newly identified tobacco products or behaviors. We present an example of a rapidly deployed nonprobability survey using social media recruitment that collected data on rapidly changing tobacco use behaviors. We recruited 15- to 17-year old current vapers from NY, USA, using targeted social media advertisements to complete the New York Adolescent Vaping Survey (NY AVS), which asked about vaping behaviors not addressed in existing probability surveillance surveys. We used the New York Youth Risk Behavior Survey (NY YRBS) to apply calibration weights to ensure that the distribution of the demographic characteristics accurately reflected the population distribution. We found systematic differences in demographic variable distributions between the probability-based NY YRBS and the convenience sample of the NY AVS that were reconciled in the weighting calibration. We found no statistically significant differences between the NY YRBS and NY AVS estimates after calibration for two outcome variables of interest. Recruiting a sample of adolescents using social media advertising to conduct a rapid survey on vaping provided valuable data that complemented traditional surveillance surveys; this approach could be used to fill future knowledge gaps in youth tobacco surveillance.
Hypermethylation in the promoter regions of flavonoid pathway genes is associated with skin color fading during ‘Daihong’ apple fruit development
Authors: Xu Jihua , Xiong Lan , Yao Jia-Long , Zhao Peilei , Jiang Shenghui , Sun Xiaohong , Dong Chaohua , Jiang Hongyuan , Xu Xinyue , Zhang Yugang 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Apple fruit skin color fading is not well understood although the molecular mechanism of skin color formation is well known. The red-fleshed apple cultivar ‘Daihong’ (DH) exhibited fading skin color during fruit development despite having a heterozygous R6 allele but lacking Red-TE for red fruit skin. In this study, transcriptomic analysis revealed the expression level of MdMYB10 increased with fruit development whereas reduced expression levels of MdMYBPA1, MdCHS, MdANS, MdUFGT, MdLAR, and MdANR were observed, consistent with decreased levels of chalcone, anthocyanin, catechin, epicatechin, and procyanidin B2. Whole-genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS) indicated a global gain in cytosine methylation levels and increased methylation in 5′ and 3′ flanking regions of genes and transposable elements (TEs), and in TE bodies in all CG, CHG and CHH contexts, especially the mCHH context, during fruit development. The increased DNA methylation was attributed to reduced expression levels of DNA demethylase genes, including MdDME1, MdROS1, and MdROS2. Association analysis revealed a significant negative correlation between promoter methylation levels of MdCHS, MdCHI, MdMYBPA1, and their respective transcript levels, as well as a negative correlation between promoter methylation levels of MdCHS, MdCHI, MdANR, and MdFLS, and the content of chalcones, naringenin-7-glucoside, epicatechin, and quercetin. Treatment with the DNA demethylation agent 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine verified the negative correlation between DNA methylation and gene expression within the flavonoid pathway. These findings suggest that hypermethylation in promoter regions of genes of the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway is associated with the reduction of gene expression and flavonoid content, and fruit skin color fading during DH apple development.
Transcriptional regulation of flavonol biosynthesis in plants
Authors: Cao Yunlin , Mei Yuyang , Zhang Ruining , Zhong Zelong , Yang Xiaochun , Xu Changjie , Chen Kunsong , Li Xian 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Flavonols are a class of flavonoids that play a crucial role in regulating plant growth and promoting stress resistance. They are also important dietary components in horticultural crops due to their benefits for human health. In past decades, research on the transcriptional regulation of flavonol biosynthesis in plants has increased rapidly. This review summarizes recent progress in flavonol-specific transcriptional regulation in plants, encompassing characterization of different categories of transcription factors (TFs) and microRNAs as well as elucidation of different transcriptional mechanisms, including direct and cascade transcriptional regulation. Direct transcriptional regulation involves TFs, such as MYB, AP2/ERF, and WRKY, which can directly target the key flavonol synthase gene or other early genes in flavonoid biosynthesis. In addition, different regulation modules in cascade transcriptional regulation involve microRNAs targeting TFs, regulation between activators, interaction between activators and repressors, and degradation of activators or repressors induced by UV-B light or plant hormones. Such sophisticated regulation of the flavonol biosynthetic pathway in response to UV-B radiation or hormones may allow plants to fine-tune flavonol homeostasis, thereby balancing plant growth and stress responses in a timely manner. Based on orchestrated regulation, molecular design strategies will be applied to breed horticultural crops with excellent health-promoting effects and high resistance.
How ad hoc coalitions deinstitutionalize international institutions
Authors: Brosig Malte , Karlsrud John 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
As ad hoc coalitions (AHCs) proliferate, particularly on the African continent, two questions crystallize. First, what consequences do they bring about for the existing institutional security landscape? And second, how can the trend of AHCs operating alongside instead of inside international organizations be captured and explored conceptually? To answer these questions, we closely examine the Multinational Joint Task Force (MNJTF) fighting Boko Haram and its changing relationship to the African Union. Through the case-study and a review of policy and academic literatures, the article launches the concept of deinstitutionalization and how it can be characterized. We identify three features of deinstitutionalization: AHCs can bypass standard procedures for decision-making processes, whittle down established institutional scripts and shift resource allocations. We detail how the AHCs contribute to changing practices of financing international peace and security operations, with an examination of European Union and United Nations policies and practices. In sum, the article unwraps processes of deinstitutionalization and identifies three forms of rationales for this process: lack of problem-solving capacity, limited adaptability and path dependency.
Health Services Utilization and Specialist Care in Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Multiprovince Population-Based Cohort Study
Authors: Kuenzig M Ellen , Bitton Alain , Carroll Matthew W , Otley Anthony R , Singh Harminder , Kaplan Gilaad G , Stukel Therese A , Mack David R , Jacobson Kevan , Griffiths Anne M , El-Matary Wael , Targownik Laura E , Nguyen Geoffrey C , Jones Jennifer L , Murthy Sanjay K , Bernstein Charles N , Lix Lisa M , Peña-Sánchez Juan Nicolás , Dummer Trevor J B , Spruin Sarah , Fung Stephen G , Nugent Zoann , Coward Stephanie , Cui Yunsong , Coulombe Janie , Filliter Christopher , Benchimol Eric I 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background
Patterns of health services utilization among children with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are important to understand as the number of children with IBD continues to increase. We compared health services utilization and surgery among children diagnosed &lt;10 years of age (Paris classification: A1a) and between 10 and &lt;16 years of age (A1b).

Methods
Incident cases of IBD diagnosed &lt;16 years of age were identified using validated algorithms from deterministically linked health administrative data in 5 Canadian provinces (Alberta, Manitoba, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Quebec) to conduct a retrospective cohort study. We compared the frequency of IBD-specific outpatient visits, emergency department visits, and hospitalizations across age groups (A1a vs A1b [reference]) using negative binomial regression. The risk of surgery was compared across age groups using Cox proportional hazards models. Models were adjusted for sex, rural/urban residence location, and mean neighborhood income quintile. Province-specific estimates were pooled using random-effects meta-analysis.

Results
Among the 1165 (65.7% Crohn’s) children with IBD included in our study, there were no age differences in the frequency of hospitalizations (rate ratio [RR], 0.88; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.74-1.06) or outpatient visits (RR, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.78-1.16). A1a children had fewer emergency department visits (RR, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.50-0.97) and were less likely to require a Crohn’s-related surgery (hazard ratio, 0.49; 95% CI, 0.26-0.92). The risk of colectomy was similar among children with ulcerative colitis in both age groups (hazard ratio, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.49-1.01).

Conclusions
Patterns of health services utilization are generally similar when comparing children diagnosed across age groups.
A personal reflection on changes in marine science education over the past sixty years
Authors: Brusca Richard C 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Changes and needs in marine science (and natural science in general) training over the past six decades are discussed. Among these are: new technological advances; the loss of -ology courses; the loss of field courses and sense of place opportunities for students; the need for a more interdisciplinary approach to training natural science students; a need to better expose our students to threats to Earth’s biocultural diversity; a need to include more humanities in our student training, including addressing diminished readership and appreciation of the great books; the nature of creativity; the perils of the internet; and university emphasis on faculty overhead dollars and high-profile publications at the expense of student training and more creative research.
Ninguna ley superior: El plebiscito uruguayo de 1980 como constituyente fallidoNo higher law: The Uruguayan Plebiscite of 1980 as a failed constituent moment
Authors: Katz Andrea Scoseria 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
On November 30, 1980, the people of Uruguay were called on to vote on a new constitution whose objective was to legalize the military dictatorship that had ruled Uruguay since 1973. The proposed constitution would reestablish elections, political parties and an independent judiciary, but all subject to overrule by the National Security Council (COSENA), the junta of military leaders that acted as the nation’s de facto ruling body. Despite the highly repressive political environment in which the plebiscite was held, the citizenry rejected the draft in resounding fashion by a vote of 57% to 43%. Although the Plebiscite of 1980 was certainly a “failure” from the regime’s point of view, it is considered a founding moment in Uruguayan history during which the dictatorship was delegitimized and the process of redemocratization triggered, culminating in a democratic transition in 1985. This case illustrates that constitutional failures can be successes in the long term when they launch deeper processes of democratization or constitutionalism.