bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oncodevelopmental α-Fetoprotein Acts as a Selective Proangiogenic Factor on Endothelial Cell from the Fetomaternal Unit
Authors: Liang Olin D. , Korff Thomas , Eckhardt Jessica , Rifaat Jasmin , Baal Nelli , Herr Friederike , Preissner Klaus T. , Zygmunt Marek 
Published: March 2004

AbstractThe molecular coordination between angiogenesis and vascular remodeling is a critical step for the development of a functional vasculature in the placenta and the uterus during pregnancy. The oncodevelopmental albumin homolog α-fetoprotein (AFP) is mainly synthesized in the developing fetus, and its expression has been found to be associated with highly vascularized tumors in the adult. In this study, we investigated the angiogenic activity of AFP and its possible role in the fetomaternal unit. Immunohistochemical studies revealed that the AFP-binding protein(s) is expressed in blood vessels of chorionic villi from placentae of the second and the third but not of the first trimester during pregnancy. At low concentrations, AFP directly stimulates or enhances, respectively, vascular endothelial growth factor-induced proliferation and sprout formation of endothelial cells isolated from the placenta and the uterus possibly by a MAPK-dependent pathway. Furthermore, AFP enhances blood vessel formation in a chick chorioallantoic membrane assay in vivo. Interestingly, AFP has no proliferative or migratory effects on endothelial cells isolated from the umbilical vein in the absence of vascular endothelial growth factor. These data indicate that AFP may act as a specific proangiogenic factor of endothelial cells within the fetomaternal unit during advanced stages in pregnancy.
Haemodynamic CHIVA correction surgery versus compression for primary venous ulcers: first year results
Authors: Zamboni P , Cisno C , Marchetti F , Mazza P , Fogato L , Carandina S , De Palma M , Liboni A 
Published: March 2004

Objective: To compare two different treatments for primary venous ulcers: a minimally invasive surgical technique for the haemodynamic correction of reflux, versus a traditional compression treatment. Method: From a cohort of 87 lower extremities affected by the first episode of venous ulcers, 45 mobile patients affected by primary chronic venous insufficiency were randomized to receive either the haemodynamic correction procedure (CHIVA) or compression treatment. Results: Mean follow up lasted one year. The rate of healing in the surgical group was 100% in a mean time of 29 days with a velocity of 2.86 mm2/day,and in the conservative group the rate was 96% in 61 days, with a velocity of 1.66 mm2/day ( P<0.02). All air plethysmographic parameters, with the exception of ejection fraction, significantly improved at six months in the surgical group. Finally, quality of life significantly improved in both groups, but in the surgical group the following domains were significantly different compared with the compression group: RP, role limitations due to physical problems; VT, energy/vitality; SF, social functioning; RE, role limitations due to emotional problems; and MH, mental health. Conclusions: Surgical haemodynamic correction of reflux has been demonstrated to improve venous function, time to ulcer healing and quality of life when compared with compression treatment.
Wearing graduated compression stockings: the reality of everyday deep vein thrombosis prophylaxis
Authors: Barker S G E , Hollingsworth S J 
Published: March 2004

Objective: Current hospital policy states that all patients should use graduated compression stockings (GCS) for prophylaxis against deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Methods: A total of 218 patients on 16 mixed-speciality surgical wards were surveyed on a single 'snapshot' day, for compliance with this policy. Results: Of these patients, 119 (54%) were not wearing GCS. Of the 99 (46%) patients who were wearing GCS, 85 wore below-knee products and 14 wore above-knee products. Incorrect use was far more common with above-knee GCS. Conclusions: Non-compliance appreciably alters the risk of a patient suffering a DVT and leaves hospitals open potentially to litigation. Regular reminders of set hospital policy (and occasional reviews of policy) should help aid compliance. There is a 'natural selection' for below-knee GCS products.
Differential effects of growth factors and cytokines on the synthesis of SPARC, DNA, fibronectin and alkaline phosphatase activity in human periodontal ligament cells
Authors: Fujita Tsuyoshi , Shiba Hideki , Van Dyke Thomas E. , Kurihara Hidemi 
Published: March 2004

AbstractGrowth factors and cytokines play an important role in tissue development and repair. However, it remains unknown how they act on proliferation and differentiation of periodontal ligament cells. In this study, we investigated the effects of several growth factors and cytokines on the synthesis of DNA, alkaline phosphatase (ALPase), fibronectin, and secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) in human periodontal ligament (HPL) cells. Transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β) increased the synthesis of DNA, fibronectin and SPARC, whereas it decreased ALPase activity. Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), platelet‐derived growth factor (PDGF) and tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) decreased SPARC and ALPase levels, whereas these peptides increased DNA synthesis and did not affect fibronectin synthesis. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) up‐regulated the synthesis of DNA and fibronectin and inhibited SPARC and ALPase levels. Interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) decreased the synthesis of DNA, ALPase, fibronectin and SPARC. These findings demonstrate that TGF‐β, bFGF, EGF, PDGF, TNF‐α and IL‐1β have characteristically different patterns of action on DNA, SPARC, fibronectin and ALPase synthesis by HPL cells. The differences in regulation of function of periodontal ligament cells by these peptides may be involved in the regeneration and repair of periodontal tissue.
Morphometry of nuclear and nucleolar structures in a CaCo‐2 cell line
Authors: Karalyan Z.A. , Djaghatspanyan N.G. , Gasparyan M.H. , Hakobyan L.A. , Abroyan L.O. , Magakyan Y.H. , Ter‐Pogossyan Z.R. , Kamalyan L.A. , Karalova E.M. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractThe number of the nucleoli in a CaCo‐2 cell nucleus does not generally depend on the quantity of DNA in the nucleus, but nucleolar DNA content is directly proportional to total nuclear DNA. However, in multinucleolar cells (three or more nucleoli), the nucleolar DNA content increases after 96 h incubation in culture without concomitant quantitative changes in nuclear DNA. The percentage of multinucleolar cells and the average number of nucleoli per nucleus increase with increasing incubation time. After 72 and 96 h in culture, multinucleolar cells show distinctive morphologies. The ratio of the sum of nucleolar perimeters to the nuclear perimeter increases linearly when the number of nucleoli in a nucleus increases, but there is no concomitant increase in total nucleolar area or DNA content, except in the 72 and 96 h populations. When the number of nucleoli in CaCo‐2 cells increases after 48 and 60 h in culture, the amount of DNA per nucleolus decreases.
Effect of Rifampin on the Pharmacokinetics of Rosiglitazone in Healthy Subjects
Authors: Park Ji‐Young , Kim Kyoung‐Ah , Kang Mun‐Ho , Kim Su‐Lyun , Shin Jae‐Gook 
Published: March 2004

Background and objectiveRifampin (INN, rifampicin) causes several drug interactions with coadministered antidiabetic drugs. Rosiglitazone is a novel thiazolidinedione antidiabetic drug, but little is known about the drug interaction between rifampin and rosiglitazone. Our objective was to investigate the effect of rifampin on the pharmacokinetics of rosiglitazone in humans.MethodIn an open‐label, randomized, 2‐way crossover study, 10 healthy Korean male subjects were treated once daily for 6 days with 600 mg rifampin or with placebo. On day 7, a single dose of 8 mg rosiglitazone was administered orally. Plasma rosiglitazone concentrations were measured.ResultsRifampin significantly decreased the mean area under the plasma concentration–time curve for rosiglitazone by 65% (2947.9 ng · h/mL versus 991.5 ng · h/mL, P < .001) and the mean elimination half‐life from 3.9 to 1.5 hours (P < .001). The peak plasma concentration of rosiglitazone was significantly decreased by rifampin (537.7 ng/mL versus 362.3 ng/mL, P < .01). The apparent oral clearance of rosiglitazone increased about 3‐fold after rifampin treatment (2.8 L/h versus 8.5 L/h, P < .001).ConclusionThis study showed that rifampin affected the disposition of rosiglitazone in humans, probably by the induction of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C8 and, to a lesser extent, CYP2C9. Therefore caution should be exercised during the coadministration of rifampin and rosiglitazone.Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2004) 75, 157–162; doi: 10.1016/j.clpt.2003.10.003
A novel functional polymorphism in the uridine diphosphate–glucuronosyltransferase 2B7 promoter with significant impact on promoter activity
Authors: Duguay Yannick , Báár Cecilie , Skorpen Frank , Guillemette Chantal 
Published: March 2004

To clarify the molecular determinants of the metabolic variability of morphine, we searched for genetic polymorphisms in the gene for uridine diphosphate–glucuronosyltransferase 2B7 (UGT2B7) and evaluated their functional impact in vitro and in patients with cancer receiving long‐term morphine therapy. Genetic analysis revealed the existence of 8 single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), 6 of which are tightly linked and are at positions −1248, −1241, −1054, −842, −268, and −102 relative to the hepatic start site. In contrast, an SNP at position −66 occurs independently, whereas a novel variation at position −79 appears to be in linkage disequilibrium with the codon 268 SNP (UGT2B7*2). At least 4 haplotypes were observed in white subjects included in the initial SNP screening. On functional in vitro characterization, promoter‐reporter gene constructs with the −79 variation displayed 2.5‐ to 7‐fold less activity compared with the wild‐type construct in Caco‐2 colon cells and HepG2 hepatoma cells, respectively (P = .015 and P < .001, respectively). To investigate a possible effect of the −79 variation in vivo, serum morphine and morphine glucuronide concentrations were measured by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry in patients with cancer who received long‐term oral morphine therapy, and subjects were then genotyped for the −79 polymorphism. Among 175 patients with normal hepatic and renal function, 6 were heterozygous for the −79 variation, and the morphine‐6‐glucuronide (M6G)/morphine and morphine‐3‐glucuronide (M3G)/morphine ratios versus those in the 169 noncarriers were 5.9 ± 3.5 versus 7.1 ± 7.0 for M6G/morphine (P = .96) and 31.2 ± 17.1 versus 42.9 ± 31.2 for M3G/morphine (P = .53), respectively. Further studies in larger samples are needed to make conclusions about the possible clinical relevance of the −79 polymorphism in the UGT2B7 gene.Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2004) 75, 223–233; doi: 10.1016/j.clpt.2003.10.006
Cytochrome P450 3A4 and P‐glycoprotein Expression in Human Small Intestinal Enterocytes and Hepatocytes: A Comparative Analysis in Paired Tissue Specimens
Authors: von Richter Oliver , Burk Oliver , Fromm Martin F. , Thon Klaus P. , Eichelbaum Michel , Kivistö Kari T. 
Published: March 2004

ObjectivesOur objectives were to determine the content of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4, CYP3A5, and P‐glycoprotein and to measure CYP3A4‐dependent catalytic activity in paired human small intestinal and liver specimens.MethodsSamples of duodenum or proximal jejunum and liver wedge biopsy specimens were obtained from 15 patients undergoing a gastrointestinal operation. Enterocytes were isolated from the intestinal samples. The contents of CYP3A4, CYP3A5, and P‐glycoprotein and CYP3A4‐mediated catalytic activities were determined in homogenized enterocyte and liver samples.ResultsThe CYP3A4 protein content was about 3 times (P < .01) and the P‐glycoprotein content about 7 times (P < .0001) higher in the enterocyte homogenates than in the liver homogenates. CYP3A5 protein was detected in all samples, but the levels were too low in most cases to allow quantification. The 2 cases with a quantifiable hepatic CYP3A5 content had the CYP3A5*1/*3 genotype; all other cases were homozygous for the CYP3A5*3 allele. No intraindividual correlations between the intestine and liver with respect to CYP3A4 content, P‐glycoprotein content, or the measured catalytic activities were present. Values for the maximum rate of metabolism (Vmax) of verapamil N‐dealkylation (formation of D‐617) and N‐demethylation (formation of norverapamil) activities correlated with the CYP3A4 protein content in both organs.ConclusionsThis work demonstrated a much higher content of both CYP3A4 protein and P‐glycoprotein in enterocytes isolated from human duodenal or jejunal mucosa than in paired specimens of liver tissue. These results lend support to the view that biotransformation in the gut wall substantially contributes to the overall first‐pass metabolism of many CYP3A4 substrates. Furthermore, the high content of P‐glycoprotein on the apical surface of enterocytes supports the theory that this efflux transporter may act in concert with CYP3A4 to limit oral drug bioavailability. Finally, these results indicate that neither CYP3A4 nor MDR1 (P‐glycoprotein) is coordinately regulated in the liver and intestine.Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2004) 75, 172–183; doi: 10.1016/j.clpt.2003.10.008
Orange juice substantially reduces the bioavailability of the β‐adrenergic–blocking agent celiprolol
Authors: Lilja Jari J. , Juntti‐Patinen Laura , Neuvonen Pertti J. 
Published: March 2004

BackgroundGrapefruit juice was recently found to decrease plasma concentrations of the β‐adrenergic receptor–blocking agent celiprolol. Our objective was to investigate the effect of orange juice on the pharmacokinetics of celiprolol in healthy subjects.MethodsIn a randomized crossover study with 2 phases and a washout of 2 weeks, 10 healthy volunteers ingested either 200 mL normal‐strength orange juice or water 3 times a day for 2 days. On the morning of day 3, 1 hour after ingestion of 200 mL orange juice or water, each subject ingested 100 mg celiprolol with either 200 mL orange juice or water. In addition, 200 mL orange juice or water was ingested at 4, 10, 22, and 27 hours after celiprolol intake. The concentrations of celiprolol in plasma and its excretion into urine were measured up to 33 hours after its dosing. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures and heart rate were recorded up to 10 hours.ResultsOrange juice reduced the mean peak plasma concentration of celiprolol by 89% (P < .01) and the mean area under the plasma celiprolol concentration–time curve by 83% (P < .01). The time to peak concentration of celiprolol increased from 4 to 6 hours (P < .05), and the half‐life was prolonged from 4.6 to 10.8 hours (P = .05) after ingestion of orange juice. Orange juice reduced the urinary excretion of celiprolol by 77% (P < .01). No significant differences were observed in the hemodynamic variables between the phases.ConclusionsOrange juice substantially reduces the bioavailability of celiprolol, but the mechanism of this interaction remains to be resolved. For example, modulation of intestinal pH and of function of transporters implicated in the absorption of celiprolol may be involved. Because of the great extent of the orange juice–celiprolol interaction and a wide use of orange juice, this interaction is likely to have clinical importance in some patients, although hemodynamic consequences were not seen in young healthy subjects.Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2004) 75, 184–190; doi: 10.1016/j.clpt.2003.11.002
Torsades de pointes associated with fluoroquinolones: Importance of concomitant risk factors
Authors: Amankwa Kwadwo , Krishnan Subramaniam C. , Tisdale James E. 
Published: March 2004

The fluoroquinolone antibiotics sparfloxacin, grepafloxacin, gatifloxacin, and levofloxacin have been reported to cause torsades de pointes. Pre‐existing risk factors increase vulnerability to this life‐threatening arrhythmia. In a 65‐year‐old woman with a history of hypertension, coronary artery disease, systemic lupus erythematosus, and osteomyelitis, QTc interval prolongation (605 ms) and torsades de pointes developed after the initiation of levofloxacin, 250 mg intravenously once daily. The patient was hypokalemic and mildly hypomagnesemic before the initiation of levofloxacin and at the time of occurrence of torsades de pointes. The QTc interval decreased to 399 ms within hours of discontinuation of the levofloxacin, after which she had no further arrhythmias. In this and the majority of other published cases of fluoroquinolone‐associated torsades de pointes, patients had at least 1 risk factor for the arrhythmia, and most had multiple risk factors. Fluoroquinolone antibiotics should be avoided whenever possible in patients with pre‐existing risk factors for torsades de pointes.Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2004) 75, 242–247; doi: 10.1016/j.clpt.2003.11.376
Desmin‐free cardiomyocytes and myocardial dysfunction in end stage heart failure
Authors: Di Somma S. , Di Benedetto M.P. , Salvatore G. , Agozzino L. , Ferranti F. , Esposito S. , La Dogana P. , Scarano M.I. , Caputo G. , Cotrufo M. , De Santo L. , de Divitiis O. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractOur aim was to evaluate the desmin content in the myocardial tissue of patients with end‐stage heart failure of ischaemic origin and to assess its role on cardiac function. We studied 18 explanted hearts from patients transplanted for end‐stage heart failure due to ischaemic cardiomyopathy (ICM). Control myocardial tissue was obtained from the cardiac biopsies of six women with breast cancer taken prior to commencing chemotherapy with anthracyclines, four male donors for heart transplantation and two autoptic hearts from patients who died due to non‐cardiac events. Myocardial tissue, obtained from the left ventricle (remote zone from infarcted area), was analyzed by light and confocal immunochemistry (desmin) microscopy. The desmin content of myocardial tissue was obtained by real‐time PCR. Cardiac function was evaluated by echocardiographic and right heart catheterization data, obtained before heart transplantation. Confocal microscopy evaluation showed a significant decrease in the number of desmin‐positive myocytes (P<0.01) in ICM hearts compared to controls. At real‐time PCR evaluation, there was a reduction (P<0.01) in desmin content in the ICM patients compared to controls. A negative correlation was found between desmin‐free cardiomyocytes and ejection fraction (EF) (r=−0.834; P<0.02) on echocardiogram. A negative relationship (r=−0.688) was also found between desmin‐negative myocytes and capillary wedge pressure. In conclusion, the myocardial tissue of patients with end‐stage heart failure of ischaemic origin, shows a decreased number in desmin‐positive myocytes at immunochemistry evaluation compared to normal individuals. This deficiency in cytoskeletal intermediate filament content is associated with reduced cardiac function.
Darier’s Disease, An Unusual Problem and Solution
Authors: SPROWSON A. P. , JEFFERY S. L. A. , BLACK M. J. M. 
Published: February 2004

A 46-year-old woman with Darier’s disease was referred suffering from severe nail involvement. The patient suffered constant nail infections and an intolerable cycle of progressively more deformity. On examination the patient’s nails and nail folds were badly deformed. Initially, as a test, a procedure was undertaken on the thumb alone. The operation was performed under tourniquet control with a digital nerve block. An eponychial flap was raised and nail complex excised. A full thickness skin graft was obtained from the groin. This was sutured into place with the proximal border of graft tucked under the eponychial fold. The results were excellent both surgically and cosmetically. Subsequently, procedures were performed on the remaining nine digits. Darier’s disease is extremely variable in its degree of nail involvement. This case highlights a surgical intervention that may help people with intractable associated nail disease.
Bioactive cement or ceramic/porous coating vs. Conventional cement to obtain early stability of the acetabular cup Randomised study of 96 hips followed with radiostereometry
Authors: Digas Georgios , Thanner Jonas , Anderberg Christian , Kärrholm Johan 
Published: February 2004

AbstractNinety patients (96 hips) scheduled for THA were stratified to fixation of the acetabular component in three main groups of about equal size. Fluoride cement, porous coated press‐fit cup with ceramic coating or Palacos cum Gentamicin cement were used. All patients received Spectron EF stem. The migration of the cups and the femoral head penetration into the socket were measured with radiostereometric analysis. At 2 years the choice of fixation did not influence the migration or rotation of the cup. Patients with compromised bone quality showed increased three‐dimensional (3D or total) migration. Proximal and 3D penetration rates were increased in cemented compared with the uncemented cups (p < 0.001), which probably not could be related to the choice of fixation. Appearance of radiolucent lines was almost equal in the two cemented groups. Uncemented cups had less radiolucent lines at 2 years. Fluoride containing cement or uncemented fixation did not improve the early postoperative stability of the socket. © 2004 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
The interaction between opening call auctions and ongoing trade: Evidence from the NYSE
Authors: Brooks Raymond M. , Moulton Jonathan 
Published: February 2004

AbstractWe investigate the impact that the opening batch has on trading for the remainder of the day and what impact the prior day's trading has on the subsequent day's open. Traders have an interest in these trading impacts as their trades may cluster around opening and closing time periods. We find that the larger the volume in the opening batches, the greater the volume across the day. We also find the prior day's volume being positively related to the subsequent day's opening volume. Combined, these results suggest a continuing pattern of trade volume rolling from one day to the next. Additionally, we find that the spread in the continuous market can be partially attributed to the price change in the opening batch. We also find evidence of opening trade price reversals. Combined with the absence of price reversals following the opening trade, we conclude that the opening process may be more efficient at handling information than the continuous market.
The lifetime occurrence of Herpes zoster and prevalence of post‐herpetic neuralgia: A retrospective survey in an elderly population
Authors: Bowsher David 
Published: March 2004

One‐thousand‐and‐seventy‐one randomly chosen elderly persons (537 women, 534 men; median age 80) were recruited from the Institute of Human Aging (Dept of Psychiatry, University of Liverpool). Almost a quarter (23.8%; equal numbers of both sexes) had had shingles (HZ), at a median age of 60 (for both sexes); 39 subjects (3.6% of all respondents, 15% of those who had had shingles), two thirds of whom were female, developed post‐herpetic neuralgia (PHN), defined as pain persisting for more than 3 months; they acquired HZ at a median age of 70. In 22 of them, pain had resolved by the time they were questioned, but in 17 it was ongoing (from less than 12 to 504 months). Two new independent risk factors for PHN were identified: (1) female gender; and (2) living alone at the time of HZ acquisition (p = 0.009). In addition to confirming the well‐known factor of: (3) age at shingles acquisition (up to the early 90s); and (4) scarring, presumed to be a consequence of rash severity, was significantly commoner in subjects whose HZ was followed by PHN.Extrapolating the prevalence figures to the whole UK population, of whom 9.28 million were over 64 in 1992, it can be conservatively estimated that at any one time, some 200 000 people in the UK have PHN.