bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intra- and inter-individual cognitive variability in schizophrenia and bipolar spectrum disorder: an investigation across multiple cognitive domains
Authors: Haatveit Beathe , Westlye Lars T. , Vaskinn Anja , Flaaten Camilla Bärthel , Mohn Christine , Bjella Thomas , Sæther Linn Sofie , Sundet Kjetil , Melle Ingrid , Andreassen Ole A. , Alnæs Dag , Ueland Torill 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThere is substantial cognitive heterogeneity among patients with schizophrenia (SZ) and bipolar disorders (BD). More knowledge about the magnitude and clinical correlates of performance variability could improve our understanding of cognitive impairments. Using double generalized linear models (DGLMs) we investigated cognitive mean and variability differences between patients with SZ (n = 905) and BD spectrum disorders (n = 522), and healthy controls (HC,n = 1170) on twenty-two variables. The analysis revealed significant case-control differences on 90% of the variables. Compared to HC, patients showed larger intra-individual (within subject) variability across tests and larger inter-individual (between subject) variability in measures of fine-motor speed, mental processing speed, and inhibitory control (SZ and BD), and in verbal learning and memory and intellectual functioning (SZ). In SZ, we found that lager intra -and inter (on inhibitory control and speed functions) individual variability, was associated with lower functioning and more negative symptoms. Inter-individual variability on single measures of memory and intellectual function was additionally associated with disorganized and positive symptoms, and use of antidepressants. In BD, there were no within-subject associations with symptom severity. However, greater inter-individual variability (primarily on inhibitory control and speeded functions) was associated with lower functioning, more negative -and disorganized symptoms, earlier age at onset, longer duration of illness, and increased medication use. These results highlight larger individual differences in patients compared to controls on various cognitive domains. Further investigations of the causes and correlates of individual differences in cognitive function are warranted.
Chromosome architecture in an archaeal species naturally lacking structural maintenance of chromosomes proteins
Authors: Badel Catherine , Bell Stephen D. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractProteins in the structural maintenance of chromosomes (SMC) superfamily play key roles in chromosome organization and are ubiquitous across all domains of life. However, SMC proteins are notably absent in the Desulfurococcales of phylum Crenarchaeota. Intrigued by this observation, we performed chromosome conformation capture experiments in the model Desulfurococcales species Aeropyrum pernix. As in other archaea, we observe chromosomal interaction domains across the chromosome. The boundaries between chromosomal interaction domains show a dependence on transcription and translation for their definition. Importantly, however, we reveal an additional higher-order, bipartite organization of the chromosome—with a small high-gene-expression and self-interacting domain that is defined by transcriptional activity and loop structures. Viewing these data in the context of the distribution of SMC superfamily proteins in the Crenarchaeota, we suggest that the organization of the Aeropyrum genome represents an evolutionary antecedent of the compartmentalized architecture observed in the Sulfolobus lineage.
Functional and evolutionary significance of unknown genes from uncultivated taxa
Authors: Rodríguez del Río Álvaro , Giner-Lamia Joaquín , Cantalapiedra Carlos P. , Botas Jorge , Deng Ziqi , Hernández-Plaza Ana , Munar-Palmer Martí , Santamaría-Hernando Saray , Rodríguez-Herva José J. , Ruscheweyh Hans-Joachim , Paoli Lucas , Schmidt Thomas S. B. , Sunagawa Shinichi , Bork Peer , López-Solanilla Emilia , Coelho Luis Pedro , Huerta-Cepas Jaime 
Published: December 2023

AbstractMany of the Earth’s microbes remain uncultured and understudied, limiting our understanding of the functional and evolutionary aspects of their genetic material, which remain largely overlooked in most metagenomic studies1. Here we analysed 149,842 environmental genomes from multiple habitats2–6 and compiled a curated catalogue of 404,085 functionally and evolutionarily significant novel (FESNov) gene families exclusive to uncultivated prokaryotic taxa. All FESNov families span multiple species, exhibit strong signals of purifying selection and qualify as new orthologous groups, thus nearly tripling the number of bacterial and archaeal gene families described to date. The FESNov catalogue is enriched in clade-specific traits, including 1,034 novel families that can distinguish entire uncultivated phyla, classes and orders, probably representing synapomorphies that facilitated their evolutionary divergence. Using genomic context analysis and structural alignments we predicted functional associations for 32.4% of FESNov families, including 4,349 high-confidence associations with important biological processes. These predictions provide a valuable hypothesis-driven framework that we used for experimental validatation of a new gene family involved in cell motility and a novel set of antimicrobial peptides. We also demonstrate that the relative abundance profiles of novel families can discriminate between environments and clinical conditions, leading to the discovery of potentially new biomarkers associated with colorectal cancer. We expect this work to enhance future metagenomics studies and expand our knowledge of the genetic repertory of uncultivated organisms.
Effect of viscous dissipation and induced magnetic field on an unsteady mixed convective stagnation point flow of a nonhomogenous nanofluid
Authors: Aiyashi M. A. , Abo-Dahab S. M. , Albalwi M. Daher 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn the study, we investigate the numerical investigation of variable viscous dissipation and source of heat or sink in mixed convective stagnation point flow the unsteady non-homogeneous nanofluid under the induced magnetic parameter. Considering similarity conversions, the governing of fundamental boundary of layer non-linear PDEs are transformed to equations of the non-linear differential type that, under appropriate boundary conditions, are numerically solved, and the MATLAB function bvp4c is considered to solve the resulting system. The obtained results are calculated numerically for non-dimensional velocity, temperature, and volume fraction and displayed graphically. Further, numbers of Nusselt and Sherwood and local Skin of friction have been produced and displayed by graphs. A comparison with previous results obtained neglecting the new parameters has been made to show the impact of new external parametes on the phenomneon. The obtained findings agree with those introduced by others if the magnetic field and viscous dissipation are neglected. The results obtained have an important applications in diverse field as chemical engineering, agriculture, medical science, and industries.
Acidified manure and nitrogen-enriched biochar showed short-term agronomic benefits on cotton–wheat cropping systems under alkaline arid field conditions
Authors: Shah Suleman Haider , Hussain Muhammad Baqir , Haider Ghulam , Haq Tanveer Ul , Zahir Zahir Ahmad , Danish Subhan , Paray Bilal Ahamad , Kammann Claudia 
Published: December 2023

AbstractApplication of organic residues such as farm manure and biochar in various agricultural environments have shown positive effects on soil carbon sequestration. However, there is a lack of consensus regarding the agronomical benefits of a single and small dose of biochar and farm manure in arid alkaline soils. Therefore, a field experiment with the given treatments (1) control (no amendment), (2) acidified manure (AM) at 300 kg ha−1, (3) nitrogen (N) enriched biochar (NeB) at 3 Mg ha−1, and (4) an equal combination of AM + NeB (150 kg ha−1 AM + 1.5 Mg ha−1 NeB)) was conducted in a typical cotton–wheat cropping system. A parallel laboratory incubation study with the same amendments was carried out to account for soil carbon dioxide emission (CO2). The N enrichment of biochar and its co-application with acidified manure increased soil mineral N (NO3− and NH4+) in the topsoil (0–15 cm), and increased total N uptake (25.92% to 69.91%) in cotton over control, thus reducing N losses and increased uptake over control. Compared to the control, co-application of AM + NeB significantly improved soil N and P bioavailability, leading to increased plant biomass N, P, and K (32%, 40%, 6%, respectively) uptake over control. The plant's physiological and growth improvements [chlorophyll (+ 28.2%), height (+ 47%), leaf area (+ 17%), number of bolls (+ 7%), and average boll weight (+ 8%)] increased the agronomic yield in the first-season crop cotton by 25%. However, no positive response was observed in the second season wheat crop. This field study improved our understanding that co-application of acidified manure and N-enriched biochar in small dose can be a strategy to achieve short-term agronomic benefits and carbon sequestration in the long run.
Usability of an artificially intelligence-powered triage platform for adult ophthalmic emergencies: a mixed methods study
Authors: Jindal Anish , Sumodhee Dayyanah , Brandao-de-Resende Camilo , Melo Mariane , Neo Yan Ning , Lee Elsa , Day Alexander C. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThere is growing demand for emergency-based eyecare services where the majority of those attending do not require urgent ophthalmic management. The Royal College of Ophthalmologists have recommended upskilling and supporting of allied health professionals to support eyecare delivery, where machine learning algorithms could help. A mixed methods study was conducted to evaluate the usability of an artificial intelligence (AI) powered online triage platform for ophthalmology. The interface, usability, safety and acceptability were investigated using a Think Aloud interview and usability questionnaires. Twenty participants who actively examine patients in ophthalmic triage within a tertiary eye centre or primary care setting completed the interview and questionnaires. 90% or more of participants found the platform easy to use, reflected their triage process and were able to interpret the triage outcome, 85% found it safe to use and 95% felt the processing time was fast. A quarter of clinicians reported that they have experienced some uncertainty when triaging in their career and were unsure of using AI, after this study 95% of clinicians were willing to use the platform in their clinical workflow. This study showed the platform interface was acceptable and usable for clinicians actively working in ophthalmic emergency triage.
Using spectral and temporal filters with EEG signal to predict the temporal lobe epilepsy outcome after antiseizure medication via machine learning
Authors: Shin Youmin , Hwang Sungeun , Lee Seung-Bo , Son Hyoshin , Chu Kon , Jung Ki-Young , Lee Sang Kun , Park Kyung-Il , Kim Young-Gon 
Published: December 2023

AbstractEpilepsy is a neurological disorder in which the brain is transiently altered.Predicting outcomes in epilepsy is essential for providing feedback that can foster improved outcomes in the future. This study aimed to investigate whether applying spectral and temporal filters to resting-state electroencephalography (EEG) signals could improve the prediction of outcomes for patients taking antiseizure medication to treat temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). We collected EEG data from a total of 46 patients (divided into a seizure-free group (SF, n = 22) and a non-seizure-free group (NSF, n = 24)) with TLE and retrospectively reviewed their clinical data. We segmented spectral and temporal ranges with various time-domain features (Hjorth parameters, statistical parameters, energy, zero-crossing rate, inter-channel correlation, inter-channel phase locking value and spectral information derived from Fourier transform, Stockwell transform, and wavelet transform) and compared their performance by applying an optimal frequency strategy, an optimal duration strategy, and a combination strategy. For all time-domain features, the optimal frequency and time combination strategy showed the highest performance in distinguishing SF patients from NSF patients (area under the curve (AUC) = 0.790 ± 0.159). Furthermore, optimal performance was achieved by utilizing a feature vector derived from statistical parameters within the 39- to 41-Hz frequency band with a window length of 210 s, as evidenced by an AUC of 0.748. By identifying the optimal parameters, we improved the performance of the prediction model. These parameters can serve as standard parameters for predicting outcomes based on resting-state EEG signals.
Reduced electron/hole recombination in Z-scheme nanostructure of zeolitic imidazolate framework-11/graphitic carbon nitride as photocatalyst under visible light
Authors: YarAhmadi Goli , Keramati Narjes 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn this research, for the first time, the synthesis of nanostructure of zeolitic imidazolate framework-11/graphitic carbon nitride (ZIF-11/g-C3N4X) with different weight of g-C3N4(X: 0.01, 0.1, 0.3 g) is reported. Their performance was compared in photocatalytic degradation of MB under visible light. Synthetic samples were characterized by X-Ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS), diffused reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), Transmission electron microscope (TEM), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) and Photoluminescence (PL) analysis. Based on the results, Z-scheme ZIF-11/g-C3N40.3 was selected as the best sample. FESEM and TEM images indicated that g-C3N4sheets were complicated on the surface of ZIF-11 with rhombic dodecahedron (RHO) morphology. The surface area and band gap of ZIF-11/g-C3N40.3 was determined as 174.5 m2/g and 2.58 eV, respectively. The recombination of charge carriers in the ZIF-11/g-C3N40.3 nanostructure was reduced. Photocatalytic degradation efficiency of MB (5 ppm), pH = 7, visible irradiation (120 W-60 min) using 0.1 g of ZIF-11/g-C3N40.3 was achieved 72.7% with first-order kinetic model and acceptable stability in three consecutive cycles. Further, the total organic carbon (TOC) removal rate by ZIF-11/g-C3N40.3 after 5 h were 66.5%.
Smart retail SKUs checkout using improved residual network
Authors: Wang Chunchieh , Huang Chengwei , Zhu Xiaoming , Li Zhi , Zhao Liye 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIntelligent signal processing in unmanned stores enhances operational efficiency, notably through automated SKUs (Stock Keeping Units) recognition, which expedites customer checkout. Distinguishing itself from generic detection algorithms, the retail product detection algorithm addresses challenges like densely arranged items, varying scales, large quantities, and product similarities. To mitigate these challenges, firstly we propose a novel boundary regression neural network architecture, which enhances the detection of bounding box in dense arrangement, minimizing computational costs and parameter sizes. Secondly, we propose a novel loss function for hierarchical detection, addressing imbalances in positive and negative samples. Thirdly, we enhance the conventional non-maximum suppression (NMS) with weighted non-maximum suppression (WNMS), tying NMS ranking scores to candidate box accuracy. Experimental results on SKU-110K and RPC datasets, two public available databases, show that the proposed SKUs recognition algorithm provides improved reliablity and efficiency over existing methods.
Transcriptomic study reveals changes of lncRNAs in PBMCs from HIV-1 patients before and after ART
Authors: Zhou Yingying , Huang Yuqing , Chen Xiaoping , Chen Tielong , Hu Wenjia , Hou Wei , Zhang Qi , Xiong Yong 
Published: December 2023

AbstractLong noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play important roles in regulating HIV-1 infection and virus-host interactions. However, it is unclear whether and how ART alters lncRNAs in HIV-infected patients. In the present study, we investigated changes of lncRNAs in PBMCs from HIV-1 patients pre- and post-ART. We identified a total of 974 lncRNAs whose expression was restored to normal levels after ART. Cis-acting analysis showed that six lncRNAs have cis-regulated target genes, among which RP11-290F5.1 and interferon regulatory factor 2 (IRF2) were reported to promote HIV replication. Furthermore, we found that lncRNA CTB-119C2.1, which regulates most mRNAs with differential expression in PBMCs from HIV-1 infected patients after ART, was significantly upregulated by RNA-seq and qRT-PCR assays. KEGG analysis of CTB-119C2.1-associated genes revealed that most of the genes are involved in the p53 signaling pathway and pathways related to cell cycle and DNA replication. Our findings thus reveal the dynamic change of lncRNAs in people living with HIV-1 pre- and post-ART and warrant further investigation of the role of lncRNAs in HIV-1 pathogenesis and treatment.
Influence of UV nail lamps radiation on human keratinocytes viability
Authors: Słabicka-Jakubczyk Anna , Lewandowski Miłosz , Pastuszak Paulina , Barańska-Rybak Wioletta , Górska-Ponikowska Magdalena 
Published: December 2023

AbstractUltraviolet nail lamps are becoming increasingly popular, however, the safety of their use remains controversial. The following article directly responds to recently published literature data and aims to determine the viability of human keratinocytes irradiated by a UV nail-drying machine. Cells were exposed to 365–405 nm wavelength UV light emitted by a nail drying machine in two time variants: 4 and 20 min, with and without sunscreen cream SPF50 protection, and compared to the untreated control. Compared to the control, cell viability after irradiation for 4 min decreased insignificantly (p < 0.1), however for 20 min decreased by 35% (p < 0.0001). Furthermore, cells with sunscreen protection compared to those without showed significantly increased viability, regardless of time-variant (p < 0.0001). The study shows that 4-min irradiation does not significantly reduce the viability of human keratinocytes and the time of 20 min significantly alters the research results compared to 4 min, which corresponds to real conditions. The results suggest that typical manicure exposure time does not significantly affect keratinocyte viability, which could increase the risk of developing skin cancers. Despite the above results, it is recommended to use sunscreen protection on your hands during the procedure, which significantly increases the viability of keratinocytes during ultraviolet nail lamp radiation.
Investigation of spin wave dynamics in Au/CoFeB/Au multilayers with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy
Authors: Janardhanan S. , Mielcarek S. , Głowiński H. , Kowacz M. , Kuświk P. , Krawczyk M. , Trzaskowska A. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWe have carried out an experimental investigation of the spin-wave dynamics in the Au/CoFeB/Au multilayer consisting of a ferromagnetic film with thicknesses of 0.8, 0.9 and 1.0 nm. We employed the Brillouin light scattering spectroscopy to measure the frequency of the spin waves in dependence on the wave vector. Additionally, we characterized the samples by ferromagnetic resonance measurements. We found that the considered samples exhibit perpendicular magnetic anisotropy with low damping, indicating small pumping effects. Furthermore, we found a nonreciprocal dispersion relation pointing at a non-negligible Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction. These results make the Au/CoFeB/Au multilayer a compelling subject for further analysis and as a potential material for future applications within magnonics.
Selection and prediction of metro station sites based on spatial data and random forest: a study of Lanzhou, China
Authors: Niu Quanfu , Wang Gang , Liu Bo , Zhang Ruizhen , Lei Jiaojiao , Wang Hao , Liu Mingzhi 
Published: December 2023

AbstractUrban economic development, congestion relief, and traffic efficiency are all greatly impacted by the thoughtful planning of urban metro station layout. with the urban area of Lanzhou as an example, the suitability of the station locations of the built metro stations of the rail transit lines 1 and 2 in the study area have been evaluated using multi-source heterogeneous spatial data through data collection, feature matrix construction, the use of random forest and K-fold cross-validation, among other methods. The average Gini reduction value was used to examine the contribution rate of each feature indicator based on the examination of model truthfulness. According to the study's findings: (1) K-fold cross-validation was applied to test the random forest model that was built using the built metro stations and particular factors. The average accuracy of the tests and out-of-bag data (OOB) of tenfold cross-validation were 89.62% and 91.285%, respectively. Additionally, the AUC area under the ROC curve was 0.9823, indicating that this time, from the perspective of the natural environment, traffic location, and social factors The 19 elements selected from the views of the urban function structure, social economics, and natural environment are closely associated to the locations of the metro station in the research region, and the prediction the findings are more reliable; (2) It becomes apparent that more than half of the built station sites display excellent agreement with the predicted sites in terms of geographical location by superimposing the built metro station sites with the prediction results and tally up their cumulative prediction probability values within the 300 m buffering zone; (3) Based on the contribution rate of each indicator to the model, transport facilities, companies, population density, night lighting, science, education and culture, residential communities, and road network density are identified as the primary influential factors, each accounting for over 6.6%. Subsequently, land use, elevation, and slope are found to have relatively lower contributions. The results of the research provided important information for the local metro's best location selection and planning.
Adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder traits in healthy adults associated with brain volumetric data identify precuneus involvement in traffic crashes
Authors: Putra Handityo Aulia , Park Kaechang , Oba Hikaru , Yamashita Fumio 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis large-scale study including 2548 healthy adults with no clinical attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) diagnosis intended to clarify the complex relationships between cerebral grey matter volumes (GMVs), ADHD traits, and driving safety behaviours. Path analysis of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) results and questionnaires about ADHD traits and traffic crashes over the past decade revealed significant correlations of ADHD traits with different brain regions relevant to different cognitive functions. The left precuneus responsible for visuospatial cognition was the sole region correlated with all ADHD trait categories, suggesting it plays an important role in understanding driving safety and traffic crashes. For the first time, a strong relationship was found among regional GMVs, ADHD traits, and real-life traffic crashes. These insights into the complex interplay may inform the development of an effective intervention with MRI examination to prevent traffic crashes. Large-scale brain volumetric data may further open social applications of behaviour science and neuroimaging.