bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Designing a Program of Educational Work at a Pedagogical University
Authors: Belkina Vera Valentinovna 
Published: October 2023

The subject of the study is the process of developing a student education program as part of an educational program at a pedagogical university. The article includes a description of the program design algorithm, which includes analytical, target, design, substantive, procedural, organizational and reflexive steps. Also, the content of the article reflects the main ideas and stages reflecting the logic of educational work at the university, taking into account the course of study and the results provided for by the relevant standard of higher education. According to our research logic, the following stages of the educational work program are distinguished: stage 1 "Value-semantic self-determination" (1st year); stage 2 "Professional self-determination" (2-3 courses); stage 3 "Professional self-actualization" (4-5 courses); stage 4 "Professional self-realization" (young specialist). The basis of each stage is a system of interconnected tracks that determine the directions of solving educational tasks in a certain period of mastering an educational program by a student. The main conclusions of the study are the following ideas that actualize the process of designing an educational work program: -educational work is part of the educational process and a component of the university environment; -educational work is of an event-activity nature; -educational work is variable, focused on voluntary self-determination and freedom of choice by students of activities; -educational work is carried out on the basis of the binary of educational influences on students in the university environment and the manifestation of the subjective position of students; -the results of educational work are part of the educational results of the Federal State Educational Standard and are formulated in terms of universal and general professional competencies. The novelty of the results obtained is determined by an innovative approach to design and the relative novelty of the phenomenon of considering the education program as part of the educational program, the appearance of which is associated with the corresponding amendments to the Federal Law "On Education in the Russian Federation" dated July 31, 2021.
Life Beyond Retinal Surgery: A Survey
Authors: Khaqan Hussain Ahmad , Haider Muhammad Ali , Jabran Aamna , Rehman Hafiz Ateeq ur , Hassan Laraib , Farooqui Hafiz Mubashir , Zia Muhammad Usman , Fauzan Ahmad 
Published: October 2023

Introduction: The purpose of our study is to find out about the hobbies of retinal surgeons, how they have followed their childhood hobbies and how some have evolved their hobbies while ho some have developed new hobbies over time and how their hobbies have been influenced by their work life.
Materials and Methods: This survey study consisted of 04 questions which were carefully extracted from previously published papers explaining the hobbies of retinal surgeons other than retinal surgery and finding out if they are satisfied in their current field or not practicing competent Retinal surgeons of the Institute were consulted to finalize the questionnaire who gave their valuable feedback and the survey points were revised and established.
Results: According to the results obtained from the questions regarding their childhood hobbies 36 reported sports as their childhood hobby, 16 said it was book reading, 6 reported watching television as their childhood hobby, 18 had the hobby of drawing in their childhood whereas 4 didn’t respond.
When inquired about their hobbies now, 36 reported reading books, 12 said it was swimming, 2 said it was singing songs, 6 enjoyed golf, 14 reported jogging as their hobby, 6 said their hobby is travelling, 4 surgeons didn’t respond.
Conclusion: It was seen that most of the retinal surgeons carried their childhood hobbies as their adulthood hobbies while some also had different hobbies as adults compared to their childhood hobbies.
Influence of Reduced Seed Rate and Sowing Methods on Growth Parameters and Seed Yield of Soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.)
Authors: Byadgi Sumalata , Jyothi B. L.  , Kamat Ashwini , Siddaraju R.  
Published: October 2023

The field experiment was carried out during Kharif, 2018 and 2019 with an objective to increase the productivity of soybean with reduced seed rate and varied sowing methods. The experiment comprising of two sowing methods viz., flatbed and raised bed, two varieties (JS-335 and JS-9560) and three seed rates (70, 60, and 50 kg ha-1) was laid out in split plot design with four replications. The growth and yield parameters viz., plant height (44.77 cm), canopy diameter (22.50 cm), pods per plant (37.72) and seed yield ha-1 (18.32 q) were maximum in raised bed method of planting. Use of lower seed rate i.e., 50 kg ha-1 produced maximum canopy diameter (23.97 cm2), pods plant-1 (39.86), seed yield plant-1 (15.12 g) and seed yield ha-1 (17.05q). Hence, there is a possibility of optimizing yield of soybean by adopting raised bed method of sowing at the seed rate of 50 kg ha-1.
VOLUNTARIADO
Authors: Nicoloso Tatiane , Santos Leticia Gomes dos , Rosa Ana Claudia da , Souza Veridiane Barbara de 
Published: October 2023

Em um contexto em que o voluntariado ganha importância como uma maneira de viabilizar a demanda de mão de obra gerada no Terceiro Setor para o desenvolvimento das atividades, este estudo se propõe a discutir qual a importância do voluntariado em uma entidade sem fins lucrativos em Santa Maria, RS. Para tanto, como forma de responder ao objetivo geral, utilizou-se como objetivos específicos, analisar o perfil dos voluntários atuantes na associação, descrever o papel dos voluntários em sua atuação diária na organização e caracterizar o voluntariado enquanto valor para a associação estudada. Percebe-se a necessidade de compreender as motivações que levam os indivíduos a partilharem do seu tempo e trabalho espontaneamente, sendo assim para o desdobramento do método partiu-se de uma pesquisa de cunho descritiva com abordagem qualitativa, onde para a coleta de dados foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas. Essas entrevistas basearam-se no framework proposto por Gemelli, Bitencourt e Santos (2015) e testado por Gemelli e dos Santos (2016), o qual considera as quatro dimensões de motivação para o trabalho voluntário, cuja categorização fundamenta-se em uma abordagem multifacetada das motivações para o trabalho voluntário, deixando de lado a discussão baseada em altruísmo e egoísmo. Para análise dos dados, adotou-se a técnica de análise do conteúdo, com base em Bardin (2011), considerando as interpretações que cada sujeito tem do objeto em pesquisa, obtendo como resultados mais relevantes as categorias satisfação pessoal, pertencimento ao grupo, desenvolvimento das habilidades e crença nos objetivos da organização como fatores motivacionais que impulsionam os indivíduos a voluntariar.
Changes in Cannabis-Attributable Hospitalizations Following Nonmedical Cannabis Legalization in Canada
Authors: Myran Daniel T. , Gaudreault Adrienne , Konikoff Lauren , Talarico Robert , Liccardo Pacula Rosalie 
Published: October 2023

ImportanceThe impact of adult-use cannabis legalization and subsequent commercialization (ie, increasing store and product access) on hospitalizations in Canada is unclear.ObjectivesTo examine changes in overall and subtypes of hospitalizations due to cannabis and associated factors following legalization in Canada and to compare changes between provinces.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis repeated cross-sectional analysis included all acute hospitalizations for individuals aged 15 to 105 years in Canada’s 4 most populous provinces (Ontario, Quebec, Alberta and British Columbia, population 26.9 million individuals in 2018). Data were obtained from routinely collected health administrative databases. Immediate and gradual changes in the age- and sex-standardized rates of hospitalizations due to cannabis were compared using an interrupted time series design over 3 time periods: prelegalization (January 2015 to September 2018), legalization with product and store restrictions (October 2018 to February 2020), and commercialization, which overlapped with the COVID-19 pandemic (March 2020 to March 2021).Main Outcomes and MeasuresRates of hospitalizations due to cannabis per 100 000 individuals and per 1000 all-cause hospital admissions.ResultsThere were 105 203 hospitalizations due to cannabis over the 7-year study period, 69 192 of which (65.8%) were among male individuals, and 34 678 (33%) of which were among individuals aged 15 to 24 years. Overall, the age- and sex-standardized rate of hospitalizations increased 1.62 times between January 2015 (3.99 per 100 000 individuals) and March 2021 (6.46 per 100 000 individuals). The largest relative increase in hospitalizations was for cannabis-induced psychosis (rate ratio, 1.40; 95% CI, 1.34 to 1.47 during the commercialization period relative to the prelegalization period). Nationally, legalization with restrictions was associated with a gradual monthly decrease of −0.06 (95% CI −0.08 to −0.03) in hospitalizations due to cannabis per 100 000 individuals. Commercialization and the COVID-19 pandemic were associated with an immediate increase of 0.83 (95% CI, 0.30 to 1.30) hospitalizations due to cannabis per 100 000 individuals. There was provincial variation in changes, with provinces with less mature legal markets experiencing the greatest declines immediately following legalization.Conclusions and RelevanceThis cross-sectional study found that legalization with restrictions was not associated with an increase in hospitalizations due to cannabis but commercialization was. The findings suggest that commercialization of cannabis may be associated with increases in cannabis-related health harms, including cannabis-induced psychosis.
Simulation of New York City’s Ventilator Allocation Guideline During the Spring 2020 COVID-19 Surge
Authors: Walsh B. Corbett , Zhu Jianan , Feng Yang , Berkowitz Kenneth A. , Betensky Rebecca A. , Nunnally Mark E. , Pradhan Deepak R. 
Published: October 2023

ImportanceThe spring 2020 surge of COVID-19 unprecedentedly strained ventilator supply in New York City, with many hospitals nearly exhausting available ventilators and subsequently seriously considering enacting crisis standards of care and implementing New York State Ventilator Allocation Guidelines (NYVAG). However, there is little evidence as to how NYVAG would perform if implemented.ObjectivesTo evaluate the performance and potential improvement of NYVAG during a surge of patients with respect to the length of rationing, overall mortality, and worsening health disparities.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cohort study included intubated patients in a single health system in New York City from March through July 2020. A total of 20 000 simulations were conducted of ventilator triage (10 000 following NYVAG and 10 000 following a proposed improved NYVAG) during a crisis period, defined as the point at which the prepandemic ventilator supply was 95% utilized.ExposuresThe NYVAG protocol for triage ventilators.Main Outcomes and MeasuresComparison of observed survival rates with simulations of scenarios requiring NYVAG ventilator rationing.ResultsThe total cohort included 1671 patients; of these, 674 intubated patients (mean [SD] age, 63.7 [13.8] years; 465 male [69.9%]) were included in the crisis period, with 571 (84.7%) testing positive for COVID-19. Simulated ventilator rationing occurred for 163.9 patients over 15.0 days, 44.4% (95% CI, 38.3%-50.0%) of whom would have survived if provided a ventilator while only 34.8% (95% CI, 28.5%-40.0%) of those newly intubated patients receiving a reallocated ventilator survived. While triage categorization at the time of intubation exhibited partial prognostic differentiation, 94.8% of all ventilator rationing occurred after a time trial. Within this subset, 43.1% were intubated for 7 or more days with a favorable SOFA score that had not improved. An estimated 60.6% of these patients would have survived if sustained on a ventilator. Revising triage subcategorization, proposed improved NYVAG, would have improved this alarming ventilator allocation inefficiency (25.3% [95% CI, 22.1%-28.4%] of those selected for ventilator rationing would have survived if provided a ventilator). NYVAG ventilator rationing did not exacerbate existing health disparities.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cohort study of intubated patients experiencing simulated ventilator rationing during the apex of the New York City COVID-19 2020 surge, NYVAG diverted ventilators from patients with a higher chance of survival to those with a lower chance of survival. Future efforts should be focused on triage subcategorization, which improved this triage inefficiency, and ventilator rationing after a time trial, when most ventilator rationing occurred.
Structural Diversity of Single‐Walled Transition Metal Dichalcogenide Nanotubes Grown via Template Reaction
Authors: Nakanishi Yusuke , Furusawa Shinpei , Sato Yuta , Tanaka Takumi , Yomogida Yohei , Yanagi Kazuhiro , Zhang Wenjin , Nakajo Hiroshi , Aoki Soma , Kato Toshiaki , Suenaga Kazu , Miyata Yasumitsu 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMonolayers of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are an ideal 2D platform for studying a wide variety of electronic properties and potential applications due to their chemical diversity. Similarly, single‐walled TMD nanotubes (SW‐TMDNTs)—seamless cylinders of rolled‐up TMD monolayers—are 1D materials that can exhibit tunable electronic properties depending on both their chirality and composition. However, much less has been explored about their geometrical structures and chemical variations due to their instability under ambient conditions. Here, the structural diversity of SW‐TMDNTs templated by boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) is reported. The outer surfaces and inner cavities of the BNNTs promote and stabilize the coaxial growth of SW‐TMDNTs with various diameters, including few‐nanometers‐wide species. The chiral indices (n,m) of individual SW‐MoS2NTs are assigned by high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy, and statistical analyses reveals a broad chirality distribution ranging from zigzag to armchair configurations. Furthermore, this methodology can be applied to the synthesis of various TMDNTs, such as selenides and alloyed Mo1−xWxS2. Comprehensive microscopic and spectroscopic analyses also suggest the partial formation of Janus MoS2(1−x)Se2x nanotubes. The BNNT‐templated reaction provides a universal platform to characterize the chirality‐dependent properties of 1D nanotubes with various electronic structures.
PT‐Symmetry Enabled Spintronic Thermal Diodes and Logic Gates
Authors: Wang Xi‐guang , Guo Guang‐hua , Berakdar Jamal 
Published: October 2023

AbstractDevices for performing computation and logic operations with low‐energy consumption are of key importance for environmentally friendly data processing and information technology. Here, a design for magnetic elements that use excess heat to perform logic operations is presented. The basic information channel is coupled non‐conductive magnetic stripes with a normal metal spacer. The thermal information signal is embodied in magnetic excitations and it can be transported, locally enhanced, and controllably steered by virtue of charge current pulses in the spacer. Functionality of essential thermal logic gates is demonstrated by material‐specific simulations. The operation principle takes advantage of the special material architecture with a balanced gain/loss mechanism for magnetic excitation which renders the circuit parity‐time symmetric with exceptional points tunable by the current strength in the spacer. Heat flow at these points can be enhanced, be non‐reciprocal, or may oscillate between the information channels enabling controlled thermal diode and thermal gate operations. The findings point to a new route for exploiting heat for useful work on the nanoscale.
Stabilized urea for maize grown on an Amazonian Cerrado soil
Authors: Castro Thaís Santiago , Rocha Paulo Roberto Ribeiro , Barreto Glauber Ferreira , Maia Sonicley da Silva , Uchôa Sandra Cátia Pereira , Melo Valdinar Ferreira , Batista Karine Dias 
Published: October 2023

AbstractUrea splitting and the use of stabilized ureas in corn (Zea mays L.) crops are management strategies that increase urea efficiency and reduce nitrogen (N) losses by volatilization and leaching. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of urea stabilized with urease inhibitor (UI) and nitrification inhibitor (NI) compared to conventional urea applied at three different schedules, on corn grain yield and the dynamics of inorganic nitrogen on an Amazonian Cerrado soil, Brazil. Two experiments were carried out, one in 2019 and the other one in 2021, in a randomized block design with four replications. Treatments were arranged in a factorial scheme (3 × 3), with three types of urea (urea, U; UI; and NI) and three application schedules (100% at planting, 30% at planting and 70% as topdressing, and 30% at planting and two topdressings with 35% N). In 2019, compared to U and UI, NI increased corn yield when 100% of urea was applied at planting. Regardless of the splitting management, NI ensured the same yields. In 2021, urea splitting was required to improve corn yields, and UI promoted higher yield in all urea application schedule. In 2019 and 2021, both NI and UI, respectively, ensured higher inorganic N levels in the soil, especially after the first topdressing. These N contents are reflected in yield gains. Urea with nitrification or urease inhibitor may be a relevant option for managing nitrogen fertilization in corn crops in the Amazonian Cerrado.
Phosphorylation of NIR‐II emitting Au nanoclusters for targeted bone imaging and improved rheumatoid arthritis therapy
Authors: Yang Ge , Liu Kang , Wang Yaru , Pan Xinxin , Ye Jingrun , Li Yue , Du Fanglin , Feng Ting , Yuan Xun 
Published: October 2023

AbstractDesigning a theranostic probe for noninvasive bone imaging and bone disease therapy is both challenging and desirable. Herein, an ultrasmall Au nanocluster (NC, <2 nm)‐based theranostic probe is developed to achieve highly temporospatial in vivo bone‐targeted photoluminescence (PL) imaging in the second near‐infrared window (NIR‐II) and enhanced rheumatoid arthritis (RA) therapy. The key design of the probe involves the surface phosphorylation of atomically precise NIR‐II emitting Au44 NCs. This phosphorylation enhances the bone‐targeting ability of the probe due to the highly concentrated phosphate groups, allowing the probe to realize in vivo bone‐targeted NIR‐II PL imaging. Moreover, benefiting from the enhanced bone‐targeting ability, ultrasmall hydrodynamic diameter, and excellent anti‐inflammation and immunomodulatory effects, the probe not only demonstrates superior therapeutic efficacy for RA rats, effectively restoring the destructed cartilage to nearly normal but also exhibits good renal clearance and benign biocompatibility. These favorable attributes cannot be achieved by commercial methotrexate used for RA treatment. This study presents a new design paradigm for metal NC‐based theranostic probes, offering the potential for high‐resolution bone‐targeted PL imaging and improved RA therapy.
Changes in diaphyseal cross‐sectional properties with age in macaques
Authors: Llera Martín Catherine J. , Ruff Christopher B. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjectivesThe present study seeks to quantify changes in long bone cross‐sectional properties in a colony of semi‐free‐ranging rhesus macaques and compare observed aging patterns to those of other primates, including humans.MethodsPeripheral quantitative computed tomography was used to obtain midshaft cross sections of the femora, tibiae, humeri, and radii of 115 macaque specimens ranging from 7 to 31 years of age. Linear regressions of cross‐sectional properties on age were analyzed. An analysis of covariance was conducted to quantify differences in rates of change between males and females.ResultsResults show that medullary area increases while cortical area decreases with age in both sexes. The polar section modulus and the polar strain‐strength index, measuring torsional and bending strength, show no decline in most sections but decrease significantly with age in the hindlimb elements of female macaques. Volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) also decreases with age in both male and female macaques; however, the cumulative change in vBMD over the adult lifespan is relatively small, equivalent to a less than 10% decrease in material strength. An analysis of covariance shows no differences between males and females in the rate of change of properties with age.DiscussionOverall, this study shows that there are some similarities in the skeletal aging patterns of macaques and those of other primates, including humans, but also some differences, with greater losses of bone found in human females as a result of an extended post‐reproductive period that is generally not found among wild or semi‐wild macaques.
Sterisch erlaubte Supramolekulare Polymerisationen des H‐Typs
Authors: Manha Veedu Rasitha , Niemeyer Niklas , Bäumer Nils , Kartha Kalathil Krishnan , Neugebauer Johannes , Fernández Gustavo 
Published: October 2023

AbstractDie Funktionalisierung von π‐konjugierten Gerüsten mit sterisch anspruchsvollen Substituenten ist eine weit verbreitete Technik zur Unterdrückung von kofazialen (H‐Typ) Stapelwechselwirkungen, die sogar die Selbstorganisation hemmen kann. Entgegen den Erwartungen zeigen wir hier, dass eine Erhöhung des sterischen Anspruchs zu einer verbesserten thermodynamischen Stabilität von supramolekularen Polymeren des H‐Typs führen kann. In unserem Ansatz haben wir zwei Bor‐Dipyrromethen‐Farbstoffe (BODIPY) mit sperrigen Phenyl (2) und Mesityl‐ (3) meso‐Substituenten untersucht und ihre Selbstorganisation in unpolaren Medien mit derjenigen eines meso‐methyl BODIPY‐Derivats (1) ohne sperrige Gruppen verglichen. Während der erhöhte sterische Anspruch zu Pfadwegkomplexität führt, lässt sich die überlegene thermodynamische Stabilität der H‐Typ‐Pfade mit einem zusätzlichen enthalpischen Gewinn erklären, der sich aus den intermolekularen C−H⋅⋅⋅F−B‐Wechselwirkungen der orthogonal angeordneten aromatischen Substituenten ergibt, die ihre sterische Hinderung übersteigt. Unsere Ergebnisse unterstreichen die Bedeutung des Gleichgewichts konkurrierender nicht‐kovalenter Wechselwirkungen bei der Selbstorganisation.
Sterically Allowed H‐type Supramolecular Polymerizations
Authors: Manha Veedu Rasitha , Niemeyer Niklas , Bäumer Nils , Kartha Kalathil Krishnan , Neugebauer Johannes , Fernández Gustavo 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe functionalization of π‐conjugated scaffolds with sterically demanding substituents is a widely used tactic to suppress cofacial (H‐type) stacking interactions, which may even inhibit self‐assembly. Contrary to expectations, we demonstrate herein that increasing steric effects can result in an enhanced thermodynamic stability of H‐type supramolecular polymers. In our approach, we have investigated two boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY) dyes with bulky phenyl (2) and mesityl (3) meso‐substituents and compared their self‐assembly in nonpolar media with that of a parent meso‐methyl BODIPY 1 lacking bulky groups. While the enhanced steric demand induces pathway complexity, the superior thermodynamic stability of the H‐type pathways can be rationalized in terms of additional enthalpic gain arising from intermolecular C−H⋅⋅⋅F−B interactions of the orthogonally arranged aromatic substituents, which overrule their inherent steric demand. Our findings underline the importance of balancing competing non‐covalent interactions in self‐assembly.