bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simulation of Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Based on Chain Method
Authors: Liao Mingzhao , Liu Yu , Li Yafeng , Hu Liangliang , Niu Haihong , Xu Jinzhang 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Magnetic resonance diffusion imaging is an important tool for pathology research, and the cost of instrument development is extremely high. The construction of simulation models can optimize the parameters of key components of the instrument on the numerical platform, which can greatly reduce the R&D cost and improve the success rate. In this paper, a chain magnetic resonance simulation calculation method is obtained based on equation Bloch-Torrey to simulate the signal change law caused by gradient coding and diffusion characteristics, and MATLAB is used to construct a numerical imitation model and write a simulation program. Based on this calculation method, the diffusion-weighted imaging, diffusion coefficient imaging and diffusion tensor imaging simulation experiments were carried out by using the spin-echo (SE) diffusion-weighted sequence, and the images and results were reconstructed by combining the anti-Fourier transform. Experiments show that the simulated images can accurately reflect the set simulation model, reconstruct the diffusion coefficient and tensor characteristics, and the chain magnetic resonance simulation calculation method deduced in this paper.
Carbon Brush Temperature Prediction under Bayesian-BP Neural Network
Authors: Yang Shiyuan , Peng Hailong , Jiang Dongrong , Yu Xiao , Hu Feng , Shi Keke , Liang Ke , Ye Donglin 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Accurate prediction of carbon brush temperature is of vital importance for the safe, stable, and reliable operation of hydro turbines and hydropower plants. The carbon brush temperature prediction model based on the traditional BP neural network exhibits slow convergence and is prone to local minima. Therefore, this study proposes a Bayesian-based optimization model for the BP neural network, combining the principles of Bayesian inference and the BP neural network model. This model constructs the likelihood function of the weights and thresholds of the BP neural network to obtain the prior probability distribution and posterior probability distribution using Bayesian theorem. The optimal hyperparameters for the weights and thresholds are iteratively updated using the maximum likelihood method, and the learning efficiency is iteratively updated based on the number of training iterations. When the model’s convergence conditions and the maximum number of iterations are met, the optimal values for the weights, thresholds, and learning efficiency are obtained, effectively avoiding local optimization problems. Experimental results demonstrate that compared to the traditional BP neural network and LSTM neural network, the Bayesian-BP neural network achieves higher fidelity in fitting historical data and exhibits superior convergence accuracy and speed in temperature prediction. Therefore, it better fulfills the requirements for predicting carbon brush temperature in hydro turbines.
Nonlinear Dynamic Analysis of Seafloor Pressure Time Series with and without Internal Waves
Authors: Zhang Sai , He Huizi 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Ocean internal wave as a nonlinear process oscillates within ocean interior rather than the surface. Internal waves have significant influences on the transport of material, energy and even global climate. The generation, transmission and attenuation of internal wave play a significant role in the ocean dynamics owing to the exchange of the energy within each process. In this paper, reduced complexity of seafloor pressure time series induced by internal wave in the southern Taiwan bank has been investigated using nonlinear dynamic analysis. Cao method has been used to distinguish between the pressure signal with internal wave and the random signal without internal wave. The reconstructed phase spaces and correlation dimensions of the time series with and without internal wave are compared. Internal wave leads the seafloor pressure time series to produce a more regular phase space reconstruction and more low dimensional dynamics. Our study suggests that nonlinear dynamic analysis could be a valuable and promising method in real-time ocean internal wave detection.
Sub-Classification and Type Identification of Weathering Silicate Glasses Based on Spectral Clustering
Authors: Xie Kunshuo , Tang Ge , Lu Boyu , Liu Hao , Wang Linlin 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Ancient glass products are often weathered to varying degrees after excavation. Detection and analysis of their chemical composition will help to study the ancient glass making process. In this paper, we take a group of ancient glass products as samples, and study the sub-classification and type identification of weathered silicate glasses. Firstly, we identify the main factor of glass weathering through chi-squared test and Fisher’s exact test, then conduct a significance test on the basis of preprocessing various data of glass cultural relics. Secondly, the glass samples are classified into high potassium glass and lead barium glass by spectral clustering method, and further sub-classified into eight classes. The sub-classes are named based on feature extraction, and the clustering quality is tested by contour coefficient. Finally, we analyze the chemical composition affecting the glass types by combining the non-parametric tests to identify the types of glass cultural relics by multiple linear regression with significance testing. In addition, correlation test, spectral clustering and multiple linear regression are used to study the sub-classification and type identification of weathered silicate glasses, which provides a reference for further study of ancient glass making process and weathering process.
Solving three-dimensional contact problems for foundation design in green building
Authors: Shyshkanova G , Zaytseva T , Zhushman V , Levchenko N , Korotunova O 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Design of foundations on an elastic base is carried out using the solution of three-dimensional problems of contact interaction. Improving the accuracy of engineering calculations is necessary to ensure economic efficiency and increase energy savings in green building. The problems of indentation of punches with a flat base bounded by doubly connected close to polygonal contact areas are researched in the present work. Small parameter method is used to obtain explicit analytical expressions for the contact pressure distribution and the punch displacement dependence in a simplified form, which is convenient for engineering practice. The found load-displacement dependence satisfies the known inequalities that are valid for an arbitrary contact domain. Also a numerical-analytical method is in consideration. It uses the simple layer potential expansion and successive approximations for the problems accounting roughness of the elastic half-space. Roughness coefficient is considered as a parameter of regularization of the integral equation for the smooth contact problem. The results of both methods coincide with sufficient accuracy.
Discover Life: Self-Fabricated Smart Mirror using Microprocessor and OpenCV
Authors: Yong Ching Yee , Phun Kang Cheng 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Nowadays, people are trying hard to live more efficiently and productively by saving more time for daily activities. Mirrors and smartphones are the equipment that we usually use for our daily life. People usually prepare themselves in front of the mirror and at the same time check their phones for updated news, weather forecasts, and schedules, to plan their daily routine, but doing both activities at the same time might cause huge distractions, resulting in more time consumption. The main objective of this project is to develop a Smart Mirror that can provide information and also able to unlock the profile with a face recognition system through a camera. Raspberry Pi is the processor of the Smart Mirror, Python was used to create the connection platform in OpenCV. IR Frame was added to develop the touch function of the mirror. The role of a two-way mirror is to provide transparency for the LCD panel allowing light to pass through the mirror and at the same time as a normal mirror from the other side. The result has proven that time can be saved up from 100-300 % with the help of Smart Mirror. The detection range of the face recognition is within 3 meters with 92 % of accuracy.
A Novel Denoising Autoencoder Method for Surface Defect Detection of Screw Products
Authors: Chen JW , Lin WJ , Hung CL 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Defect detection is an important aspect of assessing the surface quality of screw products. A defective screw greatly affects the mechanism of screw product. Recently, unsupervised learning has been widely used for defect detection in industrial applications. In most cases, anomaly networks are unable to reconstruct abnormal images into satisfactory normal images, which results in poor defect detection performance. In this paper, a denoising autoencoder is used to enhance the capability of reconstructing defect screw images. By using this technique, the model can efficiently extract more features during reconstruction. Compared to the results without noise, the IoU can be increased by over 11%. The paper also develops an intelligent screw detection system for realistic industrial applications. Consequently, the proposed scheme is well suited to industrial defect detection scenarios since the models require only normal samples for training.
Study on the static characteristics of high-speed water-lubricated journal bearings considering thermal and cavitation effects
Authors: Zhang Hao , Jiang Shuyun 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The influence of thermal and cavitation effects on the static characteristics of high-speed water-lubricated journal bearings are investigated in this study. Considering the transfer of momentum and energy on the gas-liquid interface, the generalized Reynolds equation and energy equation are established. Based on the theoretical model, the bearing static characteristics are calculated and analyzed. According to the calculation results, the cavitation effect reduces bearing maximum temperature and increases bearing load-carrying capacity. The simulation results of friction power loss are overestimated under isothermal conditions. The leakage flow rate was decreased as a result of the cavitation effect.
Time-symmetry and topology of the Aharonov–Bohm effect
Authors: Aharonov Yakir , Paiva Ismael L , Schwartzman-Nowik Zohar , Elitzur Avshalom C , Cohen Eliahu 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The Aharonov–Bohm (AB) effect has been highly influential in fundamental and applied physics. Its topological nature commonly implies that an electron encircling a magnetic flux source in a field-free region must close the loop in order to generate an observable effect. In this paper, we study a variant of the AB effect that apparently challenges this concept. The significance of weak values and nonlocal equations of motion is discussed as part of the analysis, shedding light on and connecting all these fundamental concepts.
FFMAVP: a new classifier based on feature fusion and multitask learning for identifying antiviral peptides and their subclasses
Authors: Cao Ruifen , Hu Weiling , Wei Pijing , Ding Yun , Bin Yannan , Zheng Chunhou 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Antiviral peptides (AVPs) are widely found in animals and plants, with high specificity and strong sensitivity to drug-resistant viruses. However, due to the great heterogeneity of different viruses, most of the AVPs have specific antiviral activities. Therefore, it is necessary to identify the specific activities of AVPs on virus types. Most existing studies only identify AVPs, with only a few studies identifying subclasses by training multiple binary classifiers. We develop a two-stage prediction tool named FFMAVP that can simultaneously predict AVPs and their subclasses. In the first stage, we identify whether a peptide is AVP or not. In the second stage, we predict the six virus families and eight species specifically targeted by AVPs based on two multiclass tasks. Specifically, the feature extraction module in the two-stage task of FFMAVP adopts the same neural network structure, in which one branch extracts features based on amino acid feature descriptors and the other branch extracts sequence features. Then, the two types of features are fused for the following task. Considering the correlation between the two tasks of the second stage, a multitask learning model is constructed to improve the effectiveness of the two multiclass tasks. In addition, to improve the effectiveness of the second stage, the network parameters trained through the first-stage data are used to initialize the network parameters in the second stage. As a demonstration, the cross-validation results, independent test results and visualization results show that FFMAVP achieves great advantages in both stages.
The impact of habitat and migration on plumage colour in Cardinalidae
Authors: Scott Benjamin F , Shultz Allison J , Burns Kevin J 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Plumage coloration arises from a complex concert of selection pressures incorporating regional ecology, the light environment and genomic architecture. Here, we analyse the evolution of coloration in cardinals and grosbeaks (Cardinalidae) from the avian visual perspective and test the relative roles of life-history traits in shaping plumage evolution. We incorporate life-history data from three separate sources to analyse the correlated evolution of plumage coloration and ecological and habitat classifications for males and females. Our results show that males and females evolve under different axes of selection and that correlations with life-history traits differ between the sexes. We find that preferences for semi-open, fragmented habitat are correlated with male, but not female, plumage complexity. We also find that migration, long heralded as a driver of sexual dichromatism, is correlated with reduced plumage complexity in females, but not significantly correlated with male plumage coloration. Finally, our results showcase that user-defined categorical metrics can influence or, potentially, even mislead the interpretation of results, highlighting the need to measure habitat quantitatively rather than with subjective, categorical metrics.
Cuba: biodiversity, conservation and evolution
Authors: Reyes-Tur Bernardo , Alonso Bosch Roberto , Bécquer Eldis R , García-Beltrán José Ángel 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe West Indies can be considered as a laboratory of biogeography and evolution, and the Caribbean Islands constitute one of the planet’s biodiversity hotspots. Within the region, Cuba is the largest island and is crucial to gaining an understanding of the origin and evolutionary history of Caribbean flora and fauna. This paper provides an introduction to a Special Issue of the Biological Journal of the Linnean Society on current Cuban plant and animal biodiversity, with an emphasis on evolutionary biology and biogeography. The present issue includes 10 contributions and addresses a wide diversity of species and taxonomic groups, study levels, and research tools. This collection of articles not only provides an integrative vision of Cuba’s biodiversity and the potential patterns and processes involved in its evolutionary history, but could also provide food for future research on its biodiversity from an evolutionary perspective.
Cultured lymphocytes’ mitochondrial genome integrity is not altered by cladribine
Authors: Järvinen Elina , Suomi Fumi , Stewart James B , Guala Dimitri , Valori Miko , Jansson Lilja , Nieminen Janne , McWilliams Thomas G , Tienari Pentti J 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Cladribine tablets are a treatment for multiple sclerosis with effects on lymphocytes, yet its mode of action has not been fully established. Here, we analyzed the effects of cladribine on mitochondrial DNA integrity in lymphocytes. We treated cultured human T-cell lines (CCRF-CEM and Jurkat) with varying concentrations of cladribine to mimic the slow cell depletion observed in treated patients. The CCRF-CEM was more susceptible to cladribine than Jurkat cells. In both cells, mitochondrial protein synthesis, mitochondrial DNA copy number, and mitochondrial cytochrome-c oxidase-I mRNA mutagenesis was not affected by cladribine, while caspase-3 cleavage was detected in Jurkat cells at 100 nM concentration. Cladribine treatment at concentrations up to 10 nM in CCRF-CEM and 100 nM in Jurkat cells did not induce significant increase in mitochondrial DNA mutations. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from eight multiple sclerosis patients and four controls were cultured with or without an effective dose of cladribine (5 nM). However, we did not find any differences in mitochondrial DNA somatic mutations in lymphocyte subpopulations (CD4+, CD8+, and CD19+) between treated versus nontreated cells. The overall mutation rate was similar in patients and controls. When different lymphocyte subpopulations were compared, greater mitochondrial DNA mutation levels were detected in CD8+ (P = 0.014) and CD4+ (P = 0.038) as compared to CD19+ cells, these differences were independent of cladribine treatment. We conclude that T cells have more detectable mitochondrial DNA mutations than B cells, and cladribine has no detectable mutagenic effect on lymphocyte mitochondrial genome nor does it impair mitochondrial function in human T-cell lines.
Combined intra-cavitary course of left anterior descending artery and myocardial bridge of right coronary artery in right ventricle hypertrophy: a case report
Authors: Hussein Hossameldin , Elshall Ahmed , Youssef Ahmed , Hekal Soha , Shaaban Mahmoud 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background
Intra-cavitary (IC) coronary course is a rare anatomical variant that has become more commonly reported in the last decade. While the condition is generally benign and often discovered incidentally during coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA), these arteries are vulnerable to injury during cardiac interventions. It is unclear whether right ventricle (RV) pathology, such as dilatation or hypertrophy, plays a role in this condition.

Case summary
A patient in their fifties with a medical history of rheumatic heart disease and atrial fibrillation presented with dyspnoea and orthopnea but denied any previous chest pain. Upon examination, the patient exhibited slow atrial fibrillation and generalized anasarca. Echocardiography revealed severe mitral stenosis, tricuspid regurgitation, pulmonary hypertension, and a significantly dilated and impaired RV. Before surgery, a CCTA was performed and revealed an abnormal mid-left anterior descending (LAD) course through the RV cavity with complete systolic attenuation. This finding was later confirmed through invasive angiography. Additionally, the right coronary artery (RCA) showed a mid-segment myocardial bridge (MB). The patient was scheduled for mitral and tricuspid valves’ surgery with no planned intervention to the LAD or RCA.

Discussion
Coronary IC course is a rare finding that poses a risk of arterial injury during invasive cardiac procedures. It is important for all cardiac interventionists to be familiar with this diagnosis and the potential hazards during cardiac interventions. Further research is needed to determine whether RV dilatation or hypertrophy can exacerbate coronary IC course or MB.
Preschool children from lower household incomes experience inequality in asthma treatment: findings from a Danish nationwide cohort study
Authors: Renneberg Camilla Klinge , Brund René Børge Korsgaard , Heuckendorff Signe , Gunaseelan Artika , Kruse Lisbeth Venø , Fonager Kirsten 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background
The obligation to pay for asthma medication in a country with universal healthcare might lead to increased asthma exacerbations and inequitable healthcare access for children from low-income households. Thus, the aim of this study was to examine the association between household income and childhood/preschool asthma regarding hospitalization and medication receipt.

Methods
In this nationwide register-based cohort study, we encompassed all 3-year-old children residing in Denmark, born between 2000 and 2014, along with their linked parents and followed them until their sixth birthday. Household income was divided into quartiles. Asthma was categorized in two mutually exclusive groups as either the redemption of two prescriptions for asthma medication or receiving a hospital diagnosis. We utilized Poisson regression to estimate the risk ratio (RR).

Results
The analysis included 834 422 preschool children. The prevalence of asthma dependent on medication alone was 7.3%, while 1.8% of children necessitated asthma-related hospitalization. Income inequality was evident across all income quartiles. Notably, children from the lowest income quartile had a RR of 0.95 (95% CI: 0.92–0.98) of redeeming asthma medication and conversely a RR of 1.18 (95% CI: 1.14–1.23) of asthma-related hospitalization.

Conclusions
Despite universal healthcare, income inequality has a dual impact on children from low-income households. They face a diminished risk of redeeming asthma medication and a higher susceptibility to asthma-related hospitalizations indicating an unequal access to healthcare. Prioritizing efforts to reduce childhood health inequalities is crucial. However, further research, particularly qualitative studies, is needed to better comprehend the underlying mechanisms to address the complexities of income inequality.
Heritable variation in thermal profiles is associated with reproductive success in the world’s largest bird
Authors: Svensson Erik I , Schou Mads F , Melgar Julian , Waller John , Engelbrecht Anel , Brand Zanell , Cloete Schalk , Cornwallis Charlie K 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Organisms inhabiting extreme thermal environments, such as desert birds, have evolved spectacular adaptations to thermoregulate during hot and cold conditions. However, our knowledge of selection for thermoregulation and the potential for evolutionary responses is limited, particularly for large organisms experiencing extreme temperature fluctuations. Here we use thermal imaging to quantify selection and genetic variation in thermoregulation in ostriches (Struthio camelus), the world’s largest bird species that is experiencing increasingly volatile temperatures. We found that females who are better at regulating their head temperatures (“thermoregulatory capacity”) had higher egg-laying rates under hotter conditions. Thermoregulatory capacity was both heritable and showed signatures of local adaptation: females originating from more unpredictable climates were better at regulating their head temperatures in response to temperature fluctuations. Together these results reveal that past and present evolutionary processes have shaped genetic variation in thermoregulatory capacity, which appears to protect critical organs, such as the brain, from extreme temperatures during reproduction.