bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metabolic interactions affect the biomass of synthetic bacterial biofilm communities
Authors: Sun Xinli , Xie Jiyu , Zheng Daoyue , Xia Riyan , Wang Wei , Xun Weibing , Huang Qiwei , Zhang Ruifu , Kovács Ákos T. , Xu Zhihui , Shen Qirong 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT

Microbes typically reside in communities containing multiple species, whose interactions have considerable impacts on the robustness and functionality of such communities. To manage microbial communities, it is essential to understand the factors driving their assemblage and maintenance. Even though the community composition could be easily assessed, interspecies interactions during community establishment remain poorly understood. Here, we combined co-occurrence network analysis with quantitative PCR to examine the importance of each species within synthetic communities (SynComs) of pellicle biofilms. Genome-scale metabolic models and
in vitro
experiments indicated that the biomass of SynComs was primarily affected by keystone species that are acting either as metabolic facilitators or as competitors. Our study sets an example of how to construct a SynCom and investigate interspecies interactions.

IMPORTANCE
Co-occurrence network analysis is an effective tool for predicting complex networks of microbial interactions in the natural environment. Using isolates from a rhizosphere, we constructed multi-species biofilm communities and investigated co-occurrence patterns between microbial species in genome-scale metabolic models and in vitro experiments. According to our results, metabolic exchanges and resource competition may partially explain the co-occurrence network analysis results found in synthetic bacterial biofilm communities.
Altered rumen microbiome and correlations of the metabolome in heat-stressed dairy cows at different growth stages
Authors: Feng Lei , Zhang Yu , Liu Wei , Du Dewei , Jiang Wenbo , Wang Zihua , Li Ning , Hu Zhiyong 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT

Heat stress is one of the major stressors affecting dairy cow production, which causes great losses in animal husbandry production and economic development. This study combined 16S rDNA sequencing, metagenomic sequencing, and metabolomic analysis to investigate the effects of heat stress on the rumen microbiome and metabolism of cows. To achieve this, 10 cows each of growing heifers, heifers, and lactating cows were selected for sample collection in April and August (a total of 60 cows). Ruminal fluid was collected, filtered through gauze, and immediately transferred to liquid nitrogen prior to metagenomic, 16S rDNA sequencing, and metabolomic analyses. Heat stress increased the abundance of pathogenic bacteria, such as
Treponema_2
,
Sphingobacterium
, and
Streptococcus
, in cattle at all growth stages, with the structure and composition of rumen microbial communities being the most affected by heat stress in growing heifers and the least affected by heat stress in lactating cows. Heat stress led to a significant decrease in carbohydrate metabolic function in growing heifers and heifers, whereas microbial function was the most stable in lactating cows, suggesting that changes in microbial function are not only more conserved than microbial composition but are also affected by age. Heat stress led to significant enrichment of fatty acyl metabolites in growing heifers, heifers, and lactating cows, and the heat stress indicator species
Bacillus
,
Lactococcus
,
Streptococcus
, and
Enterococcus
were significantly associated with fatty acyl compounds in growing heifers and heifers. Therefore, heat stress alters the metabolic status of cows by modulating fatty acid biosynthesis, the PPAR signaling pathway, and arachidonic acid metabolism through the regulation of long-chain fatty acids and other biomarkers in cows at three growth stages.

IMPORTANCE
Heat stress is one of the main causes of economic losses in the dairy industry worldwide; however, the mechanisms associated with the metabolic and microbial changes in heat stress remain unclear. Here, we characterized both the changes in metabolites, rumen microbial communities, and their functional potential indices derived from rumen fluid and serum samples from cows at different growth stages and under different climates. This study highlights that the rumen microbe may be involved in the regulation of lipid metabolism by modulating the fatty acyl metabolites. Under heat stress, the changes in the metabolic status of growing heifers, heifers, and lactating cows were closely related to arachidonic acid metabolism, fatty acid biosynthesis, and energy metabolism. Moreover, this study provides new markers for further research to understand the effects of heat stress on the physiological metabolism of Holstein cows and the time-dependent changes associated with growth stages.
Outcome data from 15 years of cystic fibrosis newborn screening in a large UK region
Authors: Driscoll Sarah Jane , Heinz Katie , Goddard Philippa , Desai Maya , Gilchrist Francis J 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundThe West Midlands Newborn Bloodspot Screening Laboratory is one of 16 in the UK and serves two tertiary paediatric cystic fibrosis (CF) centres (Staffordshire Children’s Hospital at Royal Stoke and Birmingham Children’s Hospital). CF newborn bloodspot screening (NBS) in this region started in November 2006 prior to the UK national roll-out in 2007. It uses an immunoreactive trypsinogen (IRT)/DNA/IRT protocol. We report the outcomes from 15 years of CF screening.MethodsThe West Midlands CF NBS outcomes from 1 November 2006 to 31 October 2021 were reviewed. Clinical data were also obtained for babies referred to the CF centres as ‘CF suspected’.Results1 075 161 babies were screened, with 402 referred as ‘CF suspected’ and 205 identified as CF carriers. Of the ‘CF suspected’ babies, 268 were diagnosed with CF, 33 with CF screen positive, inconclusive diagnosis (CFSPID) and 17 as a CF carrier. Any CF-related diagnosis was excluded in 67. Outcome data were not available for 17, of whom 14 had died. Eighteen children with a negative CF NBS have subsequently been diagnosed with CF, 10 had meconium ileus and 8 were true ‘affected not detected’, presenting with respiratory symptoms or failure to thrive. This gives the West Midlands a CF birth prevalence of 1 in 4012 live births and the NBS protocol a sensitivity of 97.1% and a positive predictive value of 66.7%.ConclusionsThis large regional data set has excellent case ascertainment and demonstrates successful performance of the CF NBS protocol, with low numbers identified as CFSPID or CF carriers.
Intrathecal cervical analgesia for cancer pain: a 12-year follow-up study in a comprehensive cancer center
Authors: Dupoiron Denis , Bienfait Florent , Carvajal Gabriel , Seegers Valerie , Douillard Thomas , Jubier-Hamon Sabrina , Delorme Thierry , Julienne Arthur , Pluchon Yves Marie , Ribault Nicolas , Nader Edmond , Lebrec Nathalie 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundIntrathecal analgesia plays a key role for patients suffering refractory cancer pain. Nevertheless, intrathecal drug delivery systems (IDDS), requiring a cervical catheter tip implantation, have been poorly described in medical literature.AimsA monocentric retrospective follow-up study was designed to evaluate results of cervical IDDS for cancer pain.Patients and methodsFrom January 2010 to December 2022, all intrathecal-treated patients were prescribed a combined intrathecal analgesics regimen through a catheter placed in the cervical vertebral canal. Post-implant assessment of pain was determined using a numeric rating scale (NRS). Patients were followed via day-hospital visits and telephone calls at least monthly. Pain scores were compared using the Wilcoxon’s signed rank test.ResultsNinety-eight patients were included in this study; all received intrathecal treatments. Implanted patients suffered from severe pain (mean presurgical maximum numerical rating score 8.02±0.24 despite a mean 562.56±127.72 mg of oral morphine equivalent daily dose). Mean survival time after intrathecal treatment start was 208.48±67 days. Intrathecal drug delivery systems provided pain relief compared with initial pain score with a significant statistical difference after 1 week, 1 month, 2 and 3 months (p<0.01). A 50% reduction in initial pain level was achieved in 93% of cases during the first week of intrathecal implant.ConclusionsResults suggest that long-term intrathecal treatment using a multidrug regimen for cancer-related pain through cervical intrathecal catheters was suitable and safe in our study population. We demonstrated a clinically and statistically significant pain reduction in patients using mainly a percutaneous lumbar approach.
Thermodynamics of deformed AdS-Schwarzschild black hole
Authors: Khosravipoor Mohammad Reza , Farhoudi Mehrdad 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBy implementing the gravitational decoupling method, we find the deformed AdS-Schwarzschild black hole solution when there is also an additional gravitational source, which obeys the weak energy condition. We also deliberately choose its energy density to be a certain monotonic function consistent with the constraints. In the method, there is a positive parameter that can adjust the strength of the effects of the geometric deformations on the background geometry, which we refer to as a deformation parameter. The condition of having an event horizon limits the value of the deformation parameter to an upper bound. After deriving various thermodynamic quantities as a function of the event horizon radius, we mostly focus on the effects of the deformation parameter on the horizon structure, the thermodynamics of the solution and the temperature of the Hawking–Page phase transition. The results show that with the increase of the deformation parameter: the minimum horizon radius required for a black hole to have local thermodynamic equilibrium and the minimum temperature below which there is no black hole decrease, and the horizon radius of the phase transition and the temperature of the first-order Hawking–Page phase transition increase. Furthermore, when the deformation parameter vanishes, the obtained thermodynamic behavior of the black hole is consistent with that stated in the literature.
A regular black hole as the final state of evolution of a singular black hole
Authors: Hu Han-Wen , Lan Chen , Miao Yan-Gang 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWe propose a novel black hole model in which singular and regular black holes are combined as a whole and more precisely singular and regular black holes are regarded as different states of parameter evolution. We refer to them as singular and regular states, respectively. Furthermore, the regular state is depicted by the final state of parameter evolution in the model. We also present the sources that can generate such a black hole spacetime in the framework of F(R) gravity. This theory of modified gravity is adopted because it offers a possible resolution to a tough issue in the thermodynamics of regular black holes, namely the discrepancy between the thermal entropy and Wald entropy. The dynamics and thermodynamics of the novel black hole model are also discussed when a singular state evolves into a regular state during the change of charge or horizon radius from its initial value to its extreme value.
Minimal length scale correction in the noise of gravitons
Authors: Sen Soham , Gangopadhyay Sunandan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn this paper we have considered a quantized and linearly polarized gravitational wave interacting with a gravitational wave detector (interferometer detector) in the generalized uncertainty principle (GUP) framework. Following the analysis in Phys. Rev. Lett. 127:081602 (2021), we consider a quantized gravitational wave interacting with a gravitational wave detector (LIGO/VIRGO etc.) using a path integral approach. Although the incoming gravitational wave was quantized, no Planck-scale quantization effects were considered for the detector in earlier literatures. In our work, we consider a modified Heisenberg uncertainty relation with a quadratic order correction in the momentum variable between the two phase space coordinates of the detector. Using a path integral approach, we have obtained a stochastic equation involving the separation between two point-like objects. It is observed that random fluctuations (noises) and the correction terms due to the generalized uncertainty relation plays a crucial role in dictating such trajectories. Finally, we observe that the solution to the stochastic equation leads to time dependent standard deviation due to the GUP insertion, and for a primordial gravitational wave (where the initial state is a squeezed state) both the noise effect and the GUP effects exponentially enhance which may be possible to detect in future generation of gravitational wave detectors. We have also given a plot of the dimensionless standard deviation with time depicting that the GUP effect will carry a distinct signature which may be detectable in the future space based gravitational wave observatories.
Gravitational lensing effects of black hole with conformally coupled scalar hair
Authors: Qi Qi , Meng Yuan , Wang Xi-Jing , Kuang Xiao-Mei 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we investigate the gravitational lensing effects in the weak and strong field limits of a static black hole with conformally coupled scalar field. In the weak field limit, with the use of Gauss–Bonnet theorem we calculate the deflection angle of the light. It is found that comparing to Schwarzschild and Reissner–Nordstr$$\ddot{\text {o}}$$

o
¨

m (RN) black holes in general relativity, the weak deflection angle can be enhanced/suppressed by the scalar hair. In the strong field limit, we first compute the light deflection angle via calculating the lensing coefficients, all of which increase as the values of electric and scalar charges increase. Then we evaluate the lensing observables in strong field regime by supposing the hairy black hole as the candidate of M87* and SgrA* supermassive black holes, respectively. We find that the scalar hair has significant influences on various observables. In particular, the lensing observables of the charged black hole with positive scalar hair and RN black hole have degeneracy, which will be broken by the case with negative scalar hair. Our theoretical findings imply that it is feasible to employ the gravitational lensing effects as a probe of Einstein–Maxwell theory with negative scalar field differentiating from general relativity, once the future astrophysical observation is precise enough.
Well and ill-posedness of free boundary problems to relativistic Euler equations
Authors: Geng Yongcai 
Published: November 2023

In this paper, via the regularity of sonic speed, we are concerned with the well and ill-posedness problems of the relativistic Euler equations with free boundary. First, we deduce the physical vacuum condition of relativistic Euler equations, which means that the sonic speed [Formula: see text] behaves like a half power of distance to the vacuum boundary [Formula: see text], satisfying [Formula: see text], it belongs to H[Formula: see text]lder continuous. Then, for [Formula: see text], this case means that the sonic speed belongs to [Formula: see text] smooth across the vacuum boundary, it is proved from both Lagrangian and Eulerian coordinates points of view. Finally, for the cases [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], the boundary behaviors are verified ill-posed by the unbounded acceleration of the fluid near the vacuum boundary. In this paper, the uniform bounds of velocity [Formula: see text] with respect to [Formula: see text] and the upper bounds for the square of sonic speed [Formula: see text] are very important in the proof of no matter whether well or ill-posedness because this will enable us to avoid many difficulties in the mathematical structure of relativistic fluids especially near the vacuum boundary. It is our innovation that distinguishes from non-relativistic Euler equations [J. Jang and N. Masmoudi, Well and ill-posedness for compressible Euler equations with vacuum, J. Math. Phys. 53 (2012) 1–11].
Food Application of Orange Seed Powder through Incorporation in Wheat Flour to Boost Vitamin and Mineral Profiles of Formulated Biscuits
Authors: Hussain Ashiq , Laaraj Salah , Kausar Tusneem , Tikent Aziz , Azzouzi Hanane , Kauser Samina , An Qurat Ul , Iqbal Aqsa , Akram Saima , Nisar Rizwan , Najam Ayesha , Fatima Haya , Yaqub Shazia , Elfazazi Kaoutar 
Published: November 2023

The significance of conducting research for its application has been noted as a result of the rising global food production and waste generation. As a result, there is increasing interest in fruits and vegetable seeds that contain bioactive chemicals, such as those that are obtained from orange seeds. In the current work, orange seed powder replaced wheat flour at 0, 2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10% levels, to observe changes in physicochemical features of developed biscuits. Proximate analysis of orange seed powder and wheat flour revealed that orange seed powder has high fat, fiber, protein, and ash contents as compared to wheat flour, whereas moisture contents in wheat flour were high. In developed biscuits, the highest values (percentage) of ash (

9.68
±
0.04

), fiber (

6.79
±
0.12

), protein (

10.42
±
0.25

), and fat (

36.90
±
0.55

) were found in biscuits developed with 10% orange seed powder. Orange seed powder was a comparatively good source of both macro and micro minerals, as compared to wheat flour. High contents of selenium (

5.32
±
0.03

), iron (

2.12
±
0.05

), zinc (

3.88
±
0.12

), and manganese (

2.25
±
0.04

) mg/100 g, present in orange seed powder, were the prominent findings of this research work, as wheat flours were observed to be deficient in these trace minerals. Contents of calcium, magnesium, potassium, zinc, manganese, zinc, and selenium in control biscuits were found

20.51
±
0.08

,

17.29
±
0.04

,

46.12
±
0.05

,

1.06
±
0.01

,

1.97
±
0.01

,

0.12
±
0.01

, and

0.11
±
0.01

mg/100 g, respectively, and replacement of wheat flour with 10% orange seed powder increased values of these minerals to

103.90
±
0.35

,

44.35
±
0.50

,

71.29
±
0.32

,

2.59
±
0.4

,

2.75
±
0.02

,

1.31
±
0.01

, and

2.02
±
0.05

mg/100 g, respectively. Vitamins E and K, which were not detected in wheat flour, were present in orange powder in high amount, whereas B group vitamins, which were also present in wheat flour, were observed in significantly high quantities in orange seed powder. Increment in vitamin A, D, E, K, and B complexes was significant as a result of orange seed powder supplementation, except for vitamins B1 and B2, which were slightly decreased. Sensory evaluation revealed that a 5% replacement of orange seed powder provided good quality biscuits with acceptable colour, flavor, taste, texture, and overall acceptability. Orange seed powder could prove an important ingredient in the baking industry with the potential of promoting the nutritional value of foods.
Supersonically Sprayed Cobalt Titanate and PVDF for Flexible Piezoelectric Nanogenerators
Authors: Park Chanwoo , Joshi Bhavana , Samuel Edmund , Kim Byeong-yeop , Aldalbahi Ali , El-Newehy Mohamed , Lee Hae-Seok , Yoon Sam S. 
Published: November 2023

Piezoelectric nanogenerators (PENGs) are the core components of self-powered devices used in sensors, ecofriendly wearable gadgets, and biomedical implants. This study introduces and demonstrates a flexible PENG with supersonically cold-sprayed films of cobalt titanate (CTO) and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF). An electrically poled PENG produces a maximum output voltage of 34.8 V under a tapping force of 20 N, whereas a CTO/PVDF-based PENG exhibits 25.4 V across a loading resistance (

R

L

) of 50 MΩ and generates a short-circuit current of 30 μA at 0.1 MΩ. Furthermore, the maximum power density is 25 μW·cm-2 at

R

L

=
0.6

MΩ. Cyclic tapping and bending test results show that open-circuit voltages (Voc) of 25.4 and 5.8 V are produced under the tapping cycle of

N

tap

=
4200

and bending cycle of

N

bend

=
750

, respectively, confirming the mechanical durability of the PENG. Thus, the potential of CTO/PVDF films for use in PENGs with various functionalities can be confirmed based on the

V

oc

values generated from bending, mobile tapping, walking, and lifting movements.
Thoracoscopic Surgical Biatrial Ablation vs. Catheter Ablation in Patients with Persistent Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Yu Chunyu , Li Haojie , Yuan Shuo , Zheng Lihui , Wu Lingmin , Ding Ligang , Yao Yan , Zheng Zhe 
Published: November 2023

Background. Limited randomized controlled studies showed that thoracoscopic surgical left atrial ablation was not superior to catheter ablation (CA) in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation (PerAF). Right atrium might play an important role in triggering and maintaining atrial fibrillation (AF) in patients with PerAF. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of thoracoscopic surgical biatrial ablation versus CA in patients with PerAF. Methods. Patients with PerAF underwent thoracoscopic surgical biatrial ablation or CA were included in this study. Propensity score matching (1 : 2) was applied to select patients in CA group and surgical ablation (SA) group. The primary endpoint was to compare the probability of freedom from atrial tachyarrhythmias between SA and CA. Atrial tachyarrhythmia recurrence was defined as any atrial tachyarrhythmias longer than 30 s documented by 24-hour Holter monitoring after the 3-month blanking period. Results. After propensity score matching, 51 patients in surgical biatrial ablation group and 102 patients in CA group were enrolled (mean left atrial diameter: 45.8 mm). The probability of freedom from atrial tachyarrhythmias on antiarrhythmia drugs was 62.7%, 60.6%, and 60.6% in SA group and 42.0%, 39.6%, and 36.7% in CA group at 12, 24, and 36 months, respectively (

p

= 0.011), and off antiarrhythmia drugs were 56.9%, 52.5%, and 52.5% in SA group and 36.0%, 31.4%, and 27.5% in CA group at 12, 24, and 36 months, respectively (

p

= 0.007). After adjustment of age, sex, left atrial diameter, and AF duration history, multivariable Cox regression analysis suggested that SA procedure was an independent factor to reduce the risk of atrial tachyarrhythmia recurrence (HR: 0.589, 95% CI 0.370–0.937,

p

= 0.025). Conclusion. Compared with CA, thoracoscopic surgical biatrial ablation might achieve superior effectiveness for patients with PerAF.