bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Orange peel as a biosource for the synthesis of activated carbon and its application in hydrogen storage
Authors: Juárez Juliana M , Ledesma Brenda C , Beltramone Andrea R , Gómez Costa Marcos B 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe reduction of fossil fuels and the environmental threats caused by their combustion has diverted the attention of the scientific community to search for renewable and environmentally safe energy sources. There are some advances in the development of activated carbons (ACs) from different wastes for use as adsorbents in hydrogen storage. In the present work, different ACs were synthesized using a domestic residue (orange peel) as a carbon source.RESULTSTo obtain these carbonaceous materials, a chemical activation was performed using phosphoric acid (50 wt%) as activating agent. Different synthesis conditions, acid/precursor ratio and contact time between them were used. The materials obtained through the revaluation of waste were applied to the adsorption of hydrogen as an alternative in the use of green hydrogen. Hydrogen adsorption was related to some textural properties of ACs, such as specific surface area and meso/microporosity. All the materials obtained have a high specific surface area (between 1000 and 1400 m2 g−1) and meso‐ and microporosity. X‐ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy analyses were performed to characterize these materials.CONCLUSIONAdsorption increases practically linearly with respect to the specific surface area of ACs. Synergy can be observed between mesopores and micropores since increasing both microporosity and mesoporosity increases hydrogen storage. The highest adsorption capacity was 3.3 wt% at −196.15 °C and 10 bar. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Molecular PET/CT mapping of rhACE2 distribution and quantification in organs to aid in SARS‐CoV‐2 targeted therapy
Authors: Wang Zilei , Zhao Chuanke , Li Chuangui , Liu Song , Ding Jin , He Chengxue , Liu Jiayue , Dong Bin , Yang Zhi , Liu Qi , Zhu Hua , Liu Youping 
Published: November 2023

AbstractCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), which is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection, poses a significant threat to public health. Angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is a key receptor for SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. Recombinant human ACE2 (RhACE2), as a soluble supplement for human ACE2, can competitively block SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. In this study, a mouse organ in situ rhACE2 high aggregation model was constructed for the first time, and in vivo real‐time positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of rhACE2 in the mouse model was performed using an ACE2‐specific agent 68Ga‐HZ20. This radiotracer exhibits reliable radiochemical properties in vitro and maintains a high affinity for rhACE2 in vivo. In terms of probe uptake, 68Ga‐HZ20 showed a good target‐to‐nontarget ratio and was rapidly cleared from the circulatory system and excreted by the kidneys and urinary system. PET imaging with this radiotracer can noninvasively and accurately monitor the content and distribution of rhACE2 in the body, which clarifies that rhACE2 can aggregate in multiple organs, suggesting the preventive and therapeutic potential of rhACE2 for SARS‐CoV‐2 and COVID‐19.
Revisiting the role of endogenous STAT3 in HPV‐positive cervical cancer cells
Authors: Strobel Tobias D. , Weber Maria , Heber Nora , Holzer Angela , Hoppe‐Seyler Karin , Hoppe‐Seyler Felix 
Published: November 2023

AbstractNovel treatment options for human papillomavirus (HPV)‐induced cancers are urgently required. The oncogenic transcription factor signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is considered to be constitutively active in HPV‐positive cervical cancer cells and essential for their proliferation. Moreover, STAT3 was reported to undergo mutually stimulatory interactions with the HPV E6/E7 oncogenes. Thus, inhibiting STAT3 in HPV‐positive cancer cells is under discussion to provide a powerful novel therapeutic strategy. We here show that the antifungal drug ciclopirox destabilizes the STAT3 protein by acting as an iron chelator. However, by exploring the functional consequences of STAT3 inhibition in HPV‐positive cancer cells, we obtained several unexpected results. Chemical STAT3 inhibitors heterogeneously affect cervical cancer cell proliferation and those which act antiproliferative also block the growth of STAT3 knockout cells, indicating induction of off‐target effects. In contrast to several chemical inhibitors, genetic inhibition of STAT3 expression by either RNA interference or the CRISPR/Cas9 method does not appreciably affect cervical cancer cell proliferation. Transcriptome analyses indicate that blocking STAT3 expression in HPV‐positive cancer cells has very limited effects on putative STAT3 target genes. Although the targeted inhibition of specific growth‐promoting signaling pathways leads to a feedback activation of STAT3 in cervical cancer cells via Janus kinase 1/2, this does not lead to treatment resistance. Moreover, we did not obtain experimental evidence for a STAT3‐linked activation of HPV E6/E7 oncogene expression or, vice versa, an E6/E7‐dependent activation of STAT3, at endogenous conditions in cervical cancer cells. Collectively, these findings question the essential role of STAT3 in cervical cancer cell proliferation and the strategy to inhibit STAT3 in these cells for therapeutic purposes.
QuantiFERON‐CMV and monitor predict cytomegalovirus, mortality, and graft‐versus‐host disease in transplant recipients
Authors: Souan Lina , Jazar Husam Abu , Nashwan Sura , Sughayer Maher A. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractCytomegalovirus (CMV) is the most prevalent infection in recipients of hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT). QuantiFERON‐CMV (QF‐CMV) and QuantiFERON‐Monitor (QFM) assays were used to test whether immune‐competent adult allogeneic HSCT recipients with CMV‐specific T cells can control CMV infection or reactivation. Our data demonstrated a significant correlation between CMV infection measured by CMV‐antigenemia test and QF‐CMV results, graft versus host disease (GvHD), and mortality rates. The QF‐CMV test revealed that CMV‐specific T cells with higher interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ) release were correlated with lower CMV infection rates. There was a significant negative association between QF‐CMV results, GvHD, and mortality rates. Data showed that a one‐unit rise in IFN‐γ was linked with a 12.7% reduction in GvHD and a 20.7% reduction in the mortality odds ratio. In addition, a negative correlation was found between QF‐M results and CMV infection, with the QFM test predicting protection against CMV infection by 1.9%. This is one of the few studies establishing the QF‐CMV test's predictive value for GvHD and mortality, its use to monitor HSCT patients for pre‐emptive therapy, and the use of the QFM test to predict CMV infection and mortality in HSCT patients. Thus, these assays could be utilized to optimize preventive and pre‐emptive therapy procedures to reduce transplant recipient adverse effects and posttransplant therapy costs.
An outbreak of a novel lineage of dengue virus 2 in Vietnam in 2022
Authors: Nabeshima Takeshi , Ngwe Tun Mya Myat , Thuy Nguyen Thi Thu , Hang Nguyen Le Khanh , Mai Le Thi Quynh , Hasebe Futoshi , Takamatsu Yuki ,   Nagasaki University Vietnam Research Group
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn 2022, a large dengue outbreak was reported in Vietnam, where dengue was endemic. A total of 1889 acute‐phase serum samples were collected from patients with suspected dengue at Vung Tau General Hospital, the core hospital in Vung Tau Province, southern Vietnam. Among the 1889 samples analyzed for laboratory confirmation of dengue virus (DENV) infection, 339 positive cases were identified, of which 130 were primary infections and 209 were secondary infections. DENV‐2 was the dominant serotype in both primary and secondary infection groups. Phylogenetic analysis based on sequences of the envelope protein‐coding region revealed the emergence of a new DENV‐2 lineage during this outbreak.
Mendelian randomization study on the causal effect of serum IgA levels on H7N9 avian influenza A virus susceptibility
Authors: Liao Qijun , Shen Juan , Chen Yongkun , Shu Yuelong 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAvian influenza A viruses (IAVs) that cross the species barrier to infect humans have the potential to initiate a new pandemic. However, the host factors influencing avian IAV infection remain poorly understood. To address this knowledge gap, we conducted a two‐sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis by integrating our in‐house genome‐wide association study (GWAS) of avian IAV H7N9 susceptibility (with 217 cases and 116 controls) with the largest GWAS of serum IgA levels to date (sample size 41 263). Using the inverse‐variance weighted (IVW) method, we discovered that genetically decreased serum IgA levels were associated with an increased risk of H7N9 infection (β = −2.528, 95% confidence interval [CI]: −4.572 to −0.484; p = 0.015). Consistent results were obtained from three other MR methods, including robust IVW estimation (β = −2.506, 95% CI: −4.109 to −0.902; p = 0.002), generalized summary‐data‐based MR (GSMR) (β = −2.238, 95% CI: −4.106 to −0.602; p = 0.019), and MR‐pleiotropy residual sum and outlier (MR‐PRESSO) (β = −2.528, 95% CI: −4.396 to −0.892; p = 0.026). In conclusion, our analysis provided compelling evidence support a causal relationship between genetically predicted serum IgA levels and avian IAV H7N9 susceptibility.
Taste the emotions: pilot for a novel, sensors‐based approach to emotional analysis during coffee tasting
Authors: Tonacci Alessandro , Taglieri Isabella , Sanmartin Chiara , Billeci Lucia , Crifaci Giulia , Ferroni Giuseppe , Braceschi Gian Paolo , Odello Luigi , Venturi Francesca 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDCoffee is a natural drink with important properties for the human body and mind, capable of delivering energy and strong emotions, thus being appreciated since ancient times. The qualitative and quantitative assessment of the coffee properties is normally performed by trained panelists, though relying on standardized questionnaires, with possible biases arising. In this study, for the first time in the scientific literature, we applied a technology‐based approach, based on the use of wearable sensors, to study the implicit emotional responses of a small cohort of experienced coffee judges, thus taking this chance to assess the feasibility of this approach in such a scenario. The merging of different technologies for capturing biomedical signals, including electrocardiogram, galvanic skin response, and electroencephalogram, was therefore adopted to retrieve results in terms of the relationships between implicit (i.e. psychophysiological) and explicit (i.e. derived from questionnaires) measurements.RESULTSSignificant correlations were obtained between biomedical signals and data from the questionnaires within all the sensory domains (olfaction, vision, taste) investigated, particularly concerning autonomic‐related features.CONCLUSIONSThe results obtained confirmed the viability of this new approach in the psychophysical and emotional assessment in coffee tasting judges, paving the way for a new perspective into the universe of coffee quality assessment panels, eventually transferable to broader scale investigations, somewhat dealing with consumer satisfaction and neuromarketing at large. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Assessing Swallowing Dysfunction Aggravation in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients Using Ultrasonic Measurements With Swallowing Movement Parameters
Authors: Huang Yanyan , Zhong Huohu , Xu Zhirong , Su Qichen , Su Shanshan 
Published: November 2023

ObjectiveTo investigate the correlation between ultrasonic measurements of swallowing movement parameters and aggravation of swallowing dysfunction in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).MethodsCOPD patients with swallowing dysfunction (n = 120) and COPD patients with normal swallowing function (n = 100) treated in our hospital between January 2020 and January 2023 were included in observation and control groups, respectively. The correlation between ultrasonic measurements of swallowing movement parameters and COPD with swallowing dysfunction was analyzed. The observation group was divided into mild and severe groups according to their Gugging Swallowing Screen (GUSS) scores. The correlation between ultrasonic measurements of swallowing movement parameters and COPD exacerbation combined with swallowing dysfunction was analyzed.ResultsIn the observation group, Hyoid muscle thickness, hyoid bone displacement, geniohyoid muscle movement distance, HLAS, and CSR were lower compared to the control group, negatively associated with COPD‐related swallowing issues. Conversely, geniohyoid muscle movement time and minimum hyohyoid distance (NHLA) were higher in the observation group, positively correlated with COPD‐related swallowing dysfunction. In COPD patients with swallowing problems, the severe group exhibited lower values for lingual muscle thickness, hyoid bone displacement, geniohyoid muscle movement distance, HLAS, and CSR compared to the mild group, while geniohyoid muscle movement time and NHLA were higher in the severe group. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were created, indicating the promising diagnostic utility of these parameters for assessing the presence and severity of swallowing dysfunction in COPD patients.ConclusionThe ultrasonic measurement of swallowing motion parameters can effectively assess swallowing dysfunction in COPD patients.
Effect of chronic deltamethrin exposure on brain transcriptome and metabolome of juvenile crucian carp
Authors: Wu Hao , Gao Jinwei , Xie Zhonggui , Xie Min , Song Rui , Yuan Xiping , Wu Yuanan , Ou Dongsheng 
Published: November 2023

AbstractDeltamethrin (Del), a widely administered pyrethroid insecticide, has been established as a common contaminant of the freshwater environment and detected in many freshwater ecosystems. In this study, we investigated the changes in brain transcriptome and metabolome of crucian carp after exposure to 0.6 μg/L Del for 28 days. Elevated MDA levels and inhibition of SOD activity indicate damage to the antioxidant system. Moreover, a total of 70 differential metabolites (DMs) were identified using the liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry, including 32 upregulated and 38 downregulated DMs in the Del‐exposed group. The DMs associated with chronic Del exposure were enriched in steroid hormone biosynthesis, fatty acid metabolism, and glycerophospholipid metabolism for prostaglandin G2, 5‐oxoeicosatetraenoic acid, progesterone, androsterone, etiocholanolone, and hydrocortisone. Transcriptomics analysis revealed that chronic Del exposure caused lipid metabolism disorder, endocrine disruption, and proinflammatory immune response by upregulating the pla2g4, cox2, log5, ptgis, lcn, and cbr expression. Importantly, the integrative analysis of transcriptomics and metabolomics indicated that the arachidonic acid metabolism pathway and steroid hormone biosynthesis were decisive processes in the brain tissue of crucian carp after Del exposure. Furthermore, Del exposure perturbed the tight junction, HIF‐1 signaling pathway, and thyroid hormone signaling pathway. Overall, transcriptome and metabolome data of our study offer a new insight to assess the risk of chronic Del exposure in fish brains.
The secreted peptide BATSP1 promotes thermogenesis in adipocytes
Authors: Cui Xianwei , Zhong Hong , Wu Yangyang , Zhang Zhuo , Zhang Xiaoxiao , Li Lu , He Jin , Chen Chen , Wu Zhenggang , Ji Chenbo 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAlthough brown adipose tissue (BAT) has historically been viewed as a major site for energy dissipation through thermogenesis, its endocrine function has been increasingly recognized. However, the circulating factors in BAT that play a key role in controlling systemic energy homeostasis remain largely unexplored. Here, we performed a peptidomic analysis to profile the extracellular peptides released from human brown adipocytes upon exposure to thermogenic stimuli. Specifically, we identified a secreted peptide that modulates adipocyte thermogenesis in a cell-autonomous manner, and we named it BATSP1. BATSP1 promoted BAT thermogenesis and induced browning of white adipose tissue in vivo, leading to increased energy expenditure under cold stress. BATSP1 treatment in mice prevented high-fat diet-induced obesity and improved glucose tolerance and insulin resistance. Mechanistically, BATSP1 facilitated the nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of forkhead transcription factor 1 (FOXO1) and released its transcriptional inhibition of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1). Overall, we provide a comprehensive analysis of the human brown adipocyte extracellular peptidome following acute forskolin (FSK) stimulation and identify BATSP1 as a novel regulator of thermogenesis that may offer a potential approach for obesity treatment.
Three lines of defense against risks from AI
Authors: Schuett Jonas 
Published: November 2023

AbstractOrganizations that develop and deploy artificial intelligence (AI) systems need to manage the associated risks—for economic, legal, and ethical reasons. However, it is not always clear who is responsible for AI risk management. The three lines of defense (3LoD) model, which is considered best practice in many industries, might offer a solution. It is a risk management framework that helps organizations to assign and coordinate risk management roles and responsibilities. In this article, I suggest ways in which AI companies could implement the model. I also discuss how the model could help reduce risks from AI: it could identify and close gaps in risk coverage, increase the effectiveness of risk management practices, and enable the board of directors to oversee management more effectively. The article is intended to inform decision-makers at leading AI companies, regulators, and standard-setting bodies.
Pure strategy Nash equilibria for bargaining models of collective choice
Authors: Braack Malte , Henning Christian , Ziesmer Johannes 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis paper considers pure strategy Nash equilibria of non-cooperative legislative bargaining models. In contrast to existing legislative bargaining models, we derive legislators behavior from stochastic utility maximization. This approach allows us to prove the existence of a stationary Pure Local and Global Nash Equilibrium under rather general settings. The mathematical proof is based on a fixed point argument, which can also be used as a numerical method to determine an equilibrium. We characterize the equilibrium outcome as a lottery of legislators’ proposals and prove a Mean Voter Theorem, i.e., proposals result dimension-by-dimension as a weighted mean of legislators’ ideal points and are Pareto-optimal. Based on a simple example, we illustrate different logic of our model compared to mixed strategy equilibrium of the legislative bargaining model suggested by Banks and Duggan (Am Polit Sci Rev 94(1):73–88. https://doi.org/10.2307/2586381, 2000).
Quadrupole magnet design based on genetic multi-objective optimization
Authors: Diehl Eric , Tresckow Moritz von , Scholtissek Lou , Loukrezis Dimitrios , Marsic Nicolas , Müller Wolfgang F. O. , Gersem Herbert De 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis work suggests to optimize the geometry of a quadrupole magnet by means of a genetic algorithm adapted to solve multi-objective optimization problems. To that end, a non-domination sorting genetic algorithm known as NSGA-III is used. The optimization objectives are chosen such that a high magnetic field quality in the aperture of the magnet is guaranteed, while simultaneously the magnet design remains cost-efficient. The field quality is computed using a magnetostatic finite element model of the quadrupole, the results of which are post-processed and integrated into the optimization algorithm. An extensive analysis of the optimization results is performed, including Pareto front movements and identification of best designs.
Linear hyperelliptic Hodge integrals
Authors: Afandi Adam 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWe provide a closed form expression for linear Hodge integrals on the hyperelliptic locus. Specifically, we find a succinct combinatorial formula for all intersection numbers on the hyperelliptic locus with one $$\lambda $$
λ
-class, and powers of a $$\psi $$
ψ
-class pulled back along the branch map. This is achieved by using Atiyah–Bott localization on a stack of stable maps into the orbifold $$\left[ {\mathbb {P}}^1/{\mathbb {Z}}_2\right] $$

P

1

/

Z
2

.
Optimal Distributed Control for a Viscous Non-local Tumour Growth Model
Authors: Fornoni Matteo 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we address an optimal distributed control problem for a non-local model of phase-field type, describing the evolution of tumour cells in presence of a nutrient. The model couples a non-local and viscous Cahn–Hilliard equation for the phase parameter with a reaction-diffusion equation for the nutrient. The optimal control problem aims at finding a therapy, encoded as a source term in the system, both in the form of radiotherapy and chemotherapy, which could lead to the evolution of the phase variable towards a desired final target. First, we prove strong well-posedness for the system of non-linear partial differential equations. In particular, due to the presence of a viscous regularisation, we can also consider double-well potentials of singular type and cross-diffusion terms related to the effects of chemotaxis. Moreover, the particular structure of the reaction terms allows us to prove new regularity results for this kind of system. Then, turning to the optimal control problem, we prove the existence of an optimal therapy and, by studying Fréchet-differentiability properties of the control-to-state operator and the corresponding adjoint system, we obtain the first-order necessary optimality conditions.