bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Funding and financing the zero emissions journey: urban visions from the 100 Climate-Neutral and Smart Cities Mission
Authors: Ulpiani Giulia , Rebolledo Enrique , Vetters Nadja , Florio Pietro , Bertoldi Paolo 
Published: October 2023

AbstractCities play a critical role in delivering emission-free futures, yet the financial capacities, together with the unprecedented estimated capital requirements represent substantial barriers to climate action. In this study, we use data collected through the European Mission on 100 Climate-Neutral and Smart Cities to investigate how 362 ambitious, yet differently prepared cities are fostering climate investment, under three aspects of (i) financial readiness, (ii) financial proactiveness, and (iii) financial innovation. On one hand, according to their self-assessment, over 70% of the cities have not yet estimated—not even roughly—the total investment needed to become climate neutral and the majority (i) have experience in financing only a few specific climate projects, (ii) are ill-equipped to tap capital markets, (iii) have developed only marginally co-financing with the private sector, and (iv) have taken no steps to establish an investor-ready pipeline of projects contributing to climate neutrality. On the other hand, cities are at the forefront of financial innovation, creating blueprints and business models that are being tested under a learning-by-doing approach, creating deep and long-lasting transformative change, and establishing coordinating mechanisms with new critical players. In this context, current financial management, regulation, and institutional arrangements are key barriers to unlocking access to financing and creating an enabling environment for investment at the city level. The different levels of maturity in terms of financial readiness and institutional arrangements are discussed as the catalysers of climate financing at the city level.
Demobilizing knowledge in American schools: censoring critical perspectives
Authors: Hornbeck Dustin , Malin Joel R. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractControversies have erupted in recent years over the teaching of critical perspectives in United States K-12 schools, particularly related to issues of diversity, race, gender, and sexuality. These tensions have resulted in attacks on critical curriculum, with nearly one-third of states banning curriculum that offers critical views of the racial past of the U.S. and over 200 bills introduced in 40 states that would restrict curriculum related to diverse topics. In this study, we apply a knowledge mobilization framework to examine what and whose knowledge is being restricted in U.S. K-12 schools, and how and why this is happening. Our findings indicate that in 16 Republican-dominated states, policies have been enacted to restrict the teaching of critical perspectives on race, sexuality, and other controversial subjects and to perpetuate a positive view of U.S. history. The study sheds light on the prevalence, underlying nature, and consequences of these educational policies.
Escalation of a local conflict into a Cold War
Authors: Koizumi Hideto 
Published: October 2023

AbstractSince the Russia–Ukraine conflict of 2022, the world has been headed toward a dichotomized world like the Cold War. The increasing division is not necessarily predicted by “rationalist” models based upon the costs and benefits of conflicts and trade. The existing scholarship theoretically and empirically finds that increasing trade between two countries makes it more likely that the two countries will avoid conflicts. The natural question is why the world is increasingly divided after one local conflict despite the increasing costs of division. This note sheds light on the driving forces of a dichotomy and its robustness by studying a simple signed network game model. In this game, a country chooses to be an ally or enemy of every other country. I show that one local conflict together with a particular strategy by one of the countries implicated in the conflict is sufficient to lead the world to a dichotomized world. In particular, I demonstrate that if that country employs a policy that a friend of my enemy is my enemy, then the world will always be divided into two groups, within which countries are allies and across which countries are enemies.
Broadband, tunable wavelength conversion using tapered silicon fibers extending up to 2.4 μm
Authors: Wu Dong , Saini Than S. , Sun Shiyu , Huang Meng , Fu Qiang , Hawkins Thomas W. , Ballato John , Peacock Anna C. 
Published: October 2023

Wavelength conversion via four-wave mixing holds great promise for the construction of broadband and tunable light sources at wavelengths beyond 2 μm. In this work, we design and fabricate a tapered silicon core optical fiber with a dispersion profile that supports efficient conversion spanning the telecom band up to the edge of the mid-infrared spectral region over an extended propagation length. By pumping with a fiber laser centered around 1.99 μm, a tuning range of 690 nm has been measured, although simulations predict that a bandwidth of up to 1255 nm could be observed if a suitable seed source was available. Conversion efficiencies of ∼−30 dB have been obtained over a bandwidth of 380 nm when using an input pump power of only 6 dBm, with a maximum efficiency of −18 dB achieved when the conversion overlaps the strong Raman gain of the silicon core.
Metonymy in the nomenclature of Japanese traditional colors
Authors: Toratani Kiyoko 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis paper offers a cognitive semantic analysis of 185 nominal-nominal compounds that are used to express Japanese traditional colors (e.g.,budoo-nezumi[grape-rat] ‘plum purple’). It explores the types of nominals adopted into compounds, the components’ semantic relations, and the types of metonymy involved in the meaning construction. The most frequently found semantic relations of the two components of the compounds are: (i)color of the ‘right’ blended with color of the ‘left’, where both components are construed metonymically viawhole for the part(e.g.,budoo-nezumi[grape-rat] ‘plum purple’ is a blend of two colors: grey, expressed bynezumi‘rat’ (whole), standing for the animal’s hair color (part), and dark purple, expressed bybudoo‘grape’ (whole), standing for the fruit’s skin color (part)); and (ii)color of the ‘left’, expressed by theX-iro[X-color] compound (e.g.,kohaku-iro[amber-color] ‘amber’). While both components in theX-irocompounds are typically used literally, overall, 65% of the 185 compounds involve metonymy (whole for the part, action for result, among others), suggesting the important role played by metonymy in meaning construction of the compounds expressing Japanese traditional colors.
Metaphors and pseudometaphors of language as controversial messages in public discourse about Serbian
Authors: Čičin-Šain Višnja 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Set in the contemporary public discourse about the Serbian language, this paper demonstrates how metaphors of and about language constructed with the source domains of violence and war (e.g., language occupation, language as battlefield, to fight for language) may serve nationalistic political aims and act as conflict-inciting messages, under the pretenses of typical language purism or ‘language care’. The concept of pseudometaphor is introduced as a figuration-based discursive strategy whereby metaphors for language, underpinned by the language-language users metonymy, may serve as tools for covertly conveying controversial messages about their respective language users. The analysis covers public discourse published in a span of eight years (2010–2018), involving institutionalized language and political campaigns, and less institutionalized public language debates. As convergent evidence for pseudo-metaphoricity of the language-war/violence metaphors and their potential for instigating inter-ethnic conflict, the analysis includes critical voices that expose the dominant ideology through literalization of their metaphorical models.
Linee di tendenza aggiornate della formazione di parola dell’italiano contemporaneo
Authors: Micheli M. Silvia 
Published: October 2023

Astratta
L’articolo delinea un profilo della formazione di parola dell’italiano a partire dai primi anni Duemila, sulla
base di un repertorio di neoformazioni attestate negli ultimi due decenni. L’analisi conferma alcune tendenze già identificate da
studi precedenti, tra cui la preminenza della derivazione come strategia più frequentemente adoperata dai parlanti e la
significativa produttività della composizione con un elemento formativo (più frequentemente a sinistra) e una parola autonoma.
D’altra parte, i dati raccolti e analizzati suggeriscono alcuni aspetti innovativi verso cui orientare la ricerca futura, tra cui
la formazione e la possibile grammaticalizzazione degli elementi formativi e l’impiego di elementi non italiani nella creazione di
nuove parole strutturalmente ibride.
High polarity analyte(s) in aqueous media: Determination of L-PFOA and L-PFOS in ground water
Authors: Bilsel Mine , Gökçen Taner , Binici Burcu , Isleyen Alper , Yılmaz Hasibe , Piechotta Christian , Krylov Anatoliy , Miheeva Alena , Palagina Marina , Ushal Unna , Perkola Noora , Quinn Laura , Prevoo-Franzsen Désirée , Claasen Deirdre , Fernandes-Whaley Maria 
Published: October 2023

Main text
Track C key comparison on determination of L-PFOA and L-PFOS in ground water (CCQM-K156) coordinated by TUBITAK UME was completed in 2022. A subsequent comparison (CCQM-K156.1) was offered to those NMIs or DIs who did not get the chance to participate in the previous comparison or who would like to repeat this measurement challenge.
This study provides the means for assessing measurement capabilities for determination of high polarity measurands in a procedure that requires extraction, clean-up, analytical separation and detection. Successful participation in CCQM-K156.1 demonstrates measurement capabilities in determining mass fraction of organic compounds, with molecular mass of 200 g/mol to 700 g/mol, having high polarity pKow > -2, in mass fraction range from 0.5 ng/kg to 500 ng/kg in aqueous media.
Five NMIs and DIs participated in CCQM-K156.1 key comparison. SPE was applied in the sample pre-treatment and LC-MS was applied for detection. All participating laboratories applied isotope dilution mass spectrometry (IDMS) techniques for quantification. Participants established the metrological traceability of their results using certified reference materials (CRMs) from NMIs with stated traceability.
The CCQM-K156.1 results for L-PFOA and L-PFOS range from 4.71 ng/kg to 9.36 ng/kg with a % RSD of 23.5 % for L-PFOA and from 4.62 ng/kg to 7.67 ng/kg with a % RSD of 18.6 % for L-PFOS. The KCRV and u(KCRV) for this comparison were the results of TUBITAK UME, since TUBITAK UME was a participant in the previous CCQM-K156 and its results agreed well with the CCQM-K156 KCRV. The KCRV was 9.36 ng/kg ± 0.98 ng/kg for L-PFOA and 7.01 ng/kg ± 0.94 ng/kg for L-PFOS. For L-PFOA, the result of SYKE agreed with KCRV, while the results of VNIIM, BAM and NMISA were biased low. As for L-PFOS, BAM, SYKE and NMISA results agreed with the KCRV, whereas VNIIM result was biased low.
To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/.
The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCQM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Controlled synthesis of van der Waals CoS2 for improved p-type transistor contact
Authors: Wang Yao , Liu Chaocheng , Duan Hengli , Li Zhi , Wang Chao , Tan Hao , Feng Sihua , Liu Ruiqi , Li Pai , Yan Wensheng 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals (vdW) p-type semiconductors have shown attractive application prospects as atomically thin channels in electronic devices. However, the high Schottky hole barrier of p-type semiconductor–metal contacts induced by Fermi-level pinning is hardly removed. Herein, we prepare a vdW 1T-CoS2 nanosheet as the contact electrode of a WSe2 field-effect transistor (FET), which shows a considerably high on/off ratio > 107 and a hole mobility of ∼114.5 cm2 V−1 s−1. The CoS2 nanosheets exhibit metallic conductivity with thickness dependence, which surpasses most 2D transition metal dichalcogenide metals or semimetals. The excellent FET performance of the CoS2-contacted WSe2 FET device can be attributed to the high work function of CoS2, which lowers the Schottky hole barrier. Our work provides an effective method for growing vdW CoS2 and opens up more possibilities for the application of 2D p-type semiconductors in electronic devices.
A novel design of capacitive MEMS multi-range accelerometer; FEM and numerical approach
Authors: Ahmadian Koochaksaraie Reza , Barazandeh Farshad , Barati Hamed 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Sensing the acceleration with high dynamic range follows space and size limitations and many errors and inconveniences caused by using multiple accelerometers on a single structure. A novel MEMS capacitive accelerometer with a dual-spring system has been proposed to address this issue. Such a design is a single device with two sensitivities in different sensing ranges. It increases the dynamic range of the sensing by incorporating the supporting springs at high accelerations. Therefore, the sensor can sense a more comprehensive dynamic range while maintaining the required resolution in different ranges. The design parameters of the sensor, such as the thickness of the structural layer, the size of the sensor, and the width of the spring beams, have been investigated. The mechanical sensitivity in the first range is 0.082 μm g−1. For the second range, it is 0.0015 to 0.0091 μm g−1 depending on the supportive springs’ width. Moreover, the natural frequency of the device is 1740 Hz. The capacitance change of the proposed sensor is 7 fF g−1 on average for the first range and 0.08 to 0. 48 fF g−1 for different configurations in the second range. Utilizing such sensors with changeable stiffness in different ranges can reduce the sensor footprint and fabrication cost and increase reliability.
Perturbations and stability conditions of k-essence and kinetic gravity braiding models in two-field measure theory
Authors: Cordero R , De-Santiago J , Miranda O G , Serrano-Crivelli M 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
We study cosmological perturbations for k-essence and kinetic gravity braiding models in the context of the two-field measure theory (TMT). Considering scalar perturbations and the uniform field gauge, we obtain the sound speed of the fields and present a stability analysis by means of the kinetic matrix and the mass eigenvalues. For k-essence models, in the two-field measure theory, the speed of propagation of the field is modified completely due to the new measure field and it gives rise to crucial differences with respect to the case without new measure. The stability analysis gives a physical viable model for the Universe. For the kinetic gravity braiding models in the two-field measure theory we get that, in general, the speed of perturbations is equal to the speed of light which is a consequence of the properties of the new measure field. In the latter case, there is always a ghost field. Furthermore, we calculate general expressions for the mass eigenvalues and find, for an explicit example, the existence of tachyonic instabilities.
Tunable unidirectional reflectionless propagation in non-hermitian graphene-based metasurface
Authors: Huang Zhong , Tang Chaojun , Yan Zhendong 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In this paper, we propose an graphene-based non-Hermitian metasurface and numerically investigate a tunable unidirectional reflectionless phenomenon for the THz region. The metasurface is composed of cascaded square graphene patch and its complementary structure separated by a thin dielectric layer. By simply selecting the thickness of the dielectric layer, the backward reflection for our structure is zero, and the corresponding forward reflection is about 35% at 31.15 THz. The coupled mode theory and the non-Hermitian scattering matrix are used to show that unidirectional reflectionless is responsible for the exceptional point. The Fermi energy of the graphene can actively tune the one-way zero reflection frequency. By varying the Fermi energy from 0.56 eV to 0.64 eV, a spectral blue shift of one-way zero reflection from 29.6 THz to 32.2 THz is obtained, maintaining the same structure. We believe that the proposed scheme will provides more flexible opportunities to realize unidirectional invisibility, diode-like device, on-chip sensors and filters.
Nonlinear propagation of dust-acoustic waves and its modulation instability
Authors: Alharthi N S , Tolba R E , Moslem W M 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Investigation the nonlinear dust-acoustic waves in a complex plasma in Titan’s ionosphere sets to become a vital factor in understanding different wave profiles in such space plasma. As for dust on Titan, there is evidence that suggests the Moon has a dusty surface. The Cassini spacecraft, which explored Saturn and its moons, detected bright spots on Titan’s surface that could be the result of dust or ice particles reflecting sunlight. Based on the above finding, a convenient mathematical model is considered and an appropriate evolution equation (Korteweg–de Vries-Burgers KdVB equation) is derived. At low wavenumber, the KdVB equation is transformed to a complex Ginzburg-Landau (CGL) equation that describes the propagation of the wave packet in the system, which is an efficient tool for studying rogue waves in space plasmas. Different plasma parameters are examined on the propagating waves in Titan’s ionosphere.
Semi-quantum dialogue scheme based on hyperentangled Bell states
Authors: Shi Guo-Fang 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Quantum dialogue enables two communicators to send their own secret information to each other, but most of the current quantum dialogue protocols have high requirements for the hardware equipment and capabilities of the communicators. In order to reduce the cost of participant, a semi-quantum dialogue scheme based on hyperentangled Bell states is studied in this paper. In our protocol, we combines the idea of semi-quantum key distribution and semi-quantum secure direct communication to realize the exchange of secret information between Alice and Bob, Alice’s information is transmitted to Bob through semi-quantum secure direct communication, while Bob’s message is extracted by Alice through semi-quantum key distribution and one-time pad encryption. This is different from the previous semi-quantum dialogue protocols, and is a new way of thinking. The security analysis shows that our protocol can not only resist the conventional attack strategies, but also has not the drawback of ‘information leakage’ problem. Compared with the existing semi-quantum dialogue protocols, it has some advantages, such as high communication efficiency, saving classical participant’s consumption and security. Although this protocol requires the preparation and analysis of hyperentangled Bell state, which are slightly more complex, it will be shown that all these are achievable by current technology. Our protocol is fully implementable, so it has good application prospects.
Small-scale Kazantsev-Kraichnan dynamo in a MHD shell approach
Authors: Abushzada I , Yushkov E , Frick P , Sokoloff D 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The small-scale magnetic energy generation in a turbulent velocity field is studied by two different approaches. One of them is based on the Kazantsev-Kraichnan model developed for turbulence with short-time velocity correlations, and the other uses the shell model of magnetohydrodynamic turbulence, describing the turbulent energy cascade on a finite number of spectral shells. We have found that the injection of weak magnetic field at the initial moment in both models leads to an exponential growth of magnetic energy and tried to determine whether these effects are of the same or different nature. The investigations have shown that the rates of growths and magnetic energy spectra in two approaches can be very much different, which can be attributed to the contradictions of the model assumptions and unknown correlation time. The discussion of these contradictions allows us to formulate a possible explanation, which is likely related to the fact that the small-scale magnetic field generation is under the influence of some spectral subrange, rather than the entire kinetic spectrum. Varying the correlation time of the velocity field and considering the spectral regions, we have determined the range of kinetic energy spectrum responsible for the small-scale dynamo generation.
Effect of modified gravity on the Hawking evaporation of charged AdS black holes
Authors: Chaudhary Shahid , Abbas Zaidi Syed Najaf , Rehman Atiq ur , Sultan Muhammad Danish , Ifseisi Ahmad A , Dunnill Charles W 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWe study the impact of rainbow and Einstein bumblebee modified theories of gravity on the Hawking evaporation process of the black holes. After evaluating the basic thermodynamical quantities, we find out impact parameter b = (angular momentum )/(energy of the emitted particles), which control the emission of the particles and the photon orbit of the black hole in modified theories of gravity. We utilize the well-known Stefan-Boltzmann law to obtain the relationship of black hole massMagainst its lifetimet. The numerical results of black hole mass versus lifetimetshow that initially the mass of black hole in modified gravity decreases rapidly and later evaporation process becomes slower when temperature reduces to zero. The black hole requires huge time to fully evaporate which is consistent result with 3rd law of thermodynamics for black holes. We observe that increasing values of AdS lengthlincreases evaporation time and increasing value of rainbow parameterηresults in slowing down the evaporation process. Moreover, we analyze that uncharged black holes evaporate quickly as compared to charged black hole and black hole in higher dimensions required huge time to fully evaporate as compared to black hole in small dimensions.
Geodesics of multivariate normal distributions and a Toda lattice type Lax pair
Authors: Kobayashi Shimpei 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
We study geodesics of multivariate normal distributions with respect to the Fisher metric. First it will be shown that a computational formula for geodesics can be understood using the block Cholesky decomposition and a natural Riemannian submersion. Next a mid point algorithm for geodesics will be obtained. And finally a new Toda lattice type Lax pair will be derived from the geodesic and the block Cholesky decomposition.