bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role for the Ran Binding Protein, Mog1p, in
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
SLN1-SKN7 Signal Transduction
Authors: Lu Jade Mei-Yeh , Deschenes Robert J. , Fassler Jan S. 
Published: December 2004

ABSTRACT

Yeast Sln1p is an osmotic stress sensor with histidine kinase activity. Modulation of Sln1 kinase activity in response to changes in the osmotic environment regulates the activity of the osmotic response mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway and the activity of the Skn7p transcription factor, both important for adaptation to changing osmotic stress conditions. Many aspects of Sln1 function, such as how kinase activity is regulated to allow a rapid response to the continually changing osmotic environment, are not understood. To gain insight into Sln1p function, we conducted a two-hybrid screen to identify interactors. Mog1p, a protein that interacts with the yeast Ran1 homolog, Gsp1p, was identified in this screen. The interaction with Mog1p was characterized in vitro, and its importance was assessed in vivo.
mog1
mutants exhibit defects in SLN1-SKN7 signal transduction and mislocalization of the Skn7p transcription factor. The requirement for Mog1p in normal localization of Skn7p to the nucleus does not fully account for the
mog1
-related defects in SLN1-SKN7 signal transduction, raising the possibility that Mog1p may play a role in Skn7 binding and activation of osmotic response genes.
Gid8p (Dcr1p) and Dcr2p Function in a Common Pathway To Promote START Completion in
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Pathak Ritu , Bogomolnaya Lydia M. , Guo Jinbai , Polymenis Michael 
Published: December 2004

ABSTRACT

How cells determine when to initiate DNA replication is poorly understood. Here we report that in
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
overexpression of the dosage-dependent cell cycle regulator genes
DCR2
(
YLR361C
) and
GID8
(
DCR1/YMR135C
) accelerates initiation of DNA replication. Cells lacking both
GID8
and
DCR2
delay initiation of DNA replication. Genetic analysis suggests that Gid8p functions upstream of Dcr2p to promote cell cycle progression.
DCR2
is predicted to encode a gene product with phosphoesterase activity. Consistent with these predictions, a
DCR2
allele carrying a His338 point mutation, which in known protein phosphatases prevents catalysis but allows substrate binding, antagonized the function of the wild-type
DCR2
allele. Finally, we report genetic interactions involving
GID8
,
DCR2
, and
CLN3
(which encodes a G
1
cyclin) or
SWI4
(which encodes a transcription factor of the G
1
/S transcription program). Our findings identify two gene products with a probable regulatory role in the timing of initiation of cell division.
Status of the Microbial Census
Authors: Schloss Patrick D. , Handelsman Jo 
Published: December 2004

SUMMARY

Over the past 20 years, more than 78,000 16S rRNA gene sequences have been deposited in GenBank and the Ribosomal Database Project, making the 16S rRNA gene the most widely studied gene for reconstructing bacterial phylogeny. While there is a general appreciation that these sequences are largely unique and derived from diverse species of bacteria, there has not been a quantitative attempt to describe the extent of sequencing efforts to date. We constructed rarefaction curves for each bacterial phylum and for the entire bacterial domain to assess the current state of sampling and the relative taxonomic richness of each phylum. This analysis quantifies the general sense among microbiologists that we are a long way from a complete census of the bacteria on Earth. Moreover, the analysis indicates that current sampling strategies might not be the most effective ones to describe novel diversity because there remain numerous phyla that are globally distributed yet poorly sampled. Based on the current level of sampling, it is not possible to estimate the total number of bacterial species on Earth, but the minimum species richness is 35,498. Considering previous global species richness estimates of 10
7
to 10
9
, we are certain that this estimate will increase with additional sequencing efforts. The data support previous calls for extensive surveys of multiple chemically disparate environments and of specific phylogenetic groups to advance the census most rapidly.
Process of Protein Transport by the Type III Secretion System
Authors: Ghosh Partho 
Published: December 2004

SUMMARYThe type III secretion system (TTSS) of gram-negative bacteria is responsible for delivering bacterial proteins, termed effectors, from the bacterial cytosol directly into the interior of host cells. The TTSS is expressed predominantly by pathogenic bacteria and is usually used to introduce deleterious effectors into host cells. While biochemical activities of effectors vary widely, the TTSS apparatus used to deliver these effectors is conserved and shows functional complementarity for secretion and translocation. This review focuses on proteins that constitute the TTSS apparatus and on mechanisms that guide effectors to the TTSS apparatus for transport. The TTSS apparatus includes predicted integral inner membrane proteins that are conserved widely across TTSSs and in the basal body of the bacterial flagellum. It also includes proteins that are specific to the TTSS and contribute to ring-like structures in the inner membrane and includes secretin family members that form ring-like structures in the outer membrane. Most prominently situated on these coaxial, membrane-embedded rings is a needle-like or pilus-like structure that is implicated as a conduit for effector translocation into host cells. A short region of mRNA sequence or protein sequence in effectors acts as a signal sequence, directing proteins for transport through the TTSS. Additionally, a number of effectors require the action of specific TTSS chaperones for efficient and physiologically meaningful translocation into host cells. Numerous models explaining how effectors are transported into host cells have been proposed, but understanding of this process is incomplete and this topic remains an active area of inquiry.
Changes in thrombopoiesis and platelet reactivity in extremely low birth weight infants undergoing erythropoietin therapy for treatment of anaemia of prematurity
Authors: Cardona Francesco , Schwindt Jens , Berger Angelika , Kuhle Stefan , Homoncik Monika , Jilma-Stohlawetz Petra , Pollak Arnold , Jilma Bernd , Haiden Nadja 
Published: December 2004

SummaryErythropoietin (Epo) is frequently administered to premature infants to stimulate erythropoiesis. There is evidence from studies in animals and healthy adults that Epo also interacts with thrombopoiesis and platelet function.This study investigates the effect of Epo therapy on platelet reactivity, peripheral platelet counts and thiazole orange-positive (TO+) platelets in extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants. In a randomised-controlled trial, ELBW infants with a birth weight ≤ 800g and a gestational age ≤ 32 weeks were either randomised to a group receiving Epo during the first weeks of life or to a control group. Our results show that thrombin receptor-activating peptide (TRAP-6) -induced expression of P-selectin increased significantly during the first two weeks of Epo treatment.With the exception of week five, the number of TO+ platelets was significantly higher during the first eight weeks in Epo-treated infants compared to controls. The increase of TO+ platelets was not paralleled by an increase in total platelet count.We can conclude that Epo therapy has a short-lasting effect on platelet reactivity toTRAP-6 in ELBW infants during the first two weeks of life.Furthermore, Epo therapy is associated with an increase in the number of TO+ platelets compared to controls.
Mortality rates and risk factors for asymptomatic deep vein thrombosis in medical patients
Authors: Leizorovicz Alain , Cohen Alexander , Turpie Alexander , Olsson Carl-Gustav , Goldhaber Samuel , Vaitkus Paul ,   for the PREVENT Medical Thromboprophylaxis Study Group
Published: December 2004

SummaryThe clinical importance of asymptomatic proximal and distal deep vein thrombosis (DVT) remains uncertain and controversial. The aim of this retrospective,post-hoc analysis was to examine mortality and risk factors for development of proximal DVT in hospitalized patients with acute medical illness who were recruited into a randomized, prospective clinical trial of thromboprophylaxis with dalteparin (PREVENT).We analyzed 1738 patients who had not sustained a symptomatic venous thromboembolic event by Day 21 and who had a complete compression ultrasound of the proximal and distal leg veins on Day 21. We examined the 90-day mortality rates in patients with asymptomatic proximal DVT (Group I, N = 80), asymptomatic distal DVT (Group II, N = 118) or no DVT (Group III, N = 1540).The 90-day mortality rates were 13.75%, 3.39%, and 1.92% for Groups I–III, respectively. The difference in mortality between Group I and Group III was significant (hazard ratio 7.63, 95% CI = 3.8–15.3;p < 0.0001),whereas the difference between Groups II and III did not reach significance (hazard ratio 1.36, 95% CI = 0.41–4.45).The association of asymptomatic proximal DVT with increased mortality remained highly significant after adjusting for differences in baseline demographics and clinical variables. Risk factors significantly associated with the development of proximal DVT included advanced age (p = 0.0005), prior DVT (p = 0.001), and varicose veins (p = 0.04). In conclusion, the high mortality rate in patients with asymptomatic proximal DVT underscores its clinical relevance and supports targeting of asymptomatic proximal DVT as an appropriate endpoint in clinical trials of thromboprophylaxis.
Soluble and cleaved forms of the urokinase-receptor: degradation products or active molecules?
Authors: Montuori Nunzia , Visconte Valeria , Rossi Guido , Ragno Pia 
Published: December 2004

SummaryThe urokinase-mediated plasminogen activation (PA) system is involved in many physiological and pathological events that include cell migration and tissue remodelling, such as embryogenesis, ovulation, inflammation, wound healing, angiogenesis, and tumor invasion and metastasis. The urokinase receptor (uPAR) is a key molecule of this system and can bind extracellular and cell membrane molecules such as urokinase (uPA), vitronectin (VN), integrins and chemotaxis receptors. These multiple interactions can be modulated by the shedding or the cleavage of the cell membrane receptor. Indeed, cleaved forms of uPAR, lacking the N-terminal D1 domain, have been detected on the surface of cells and in tissues, while soluble forms have been found in biological fluids. Cleaved and soluble forms could represent the intermediary products of the uPAR metabolism or active molecules with precise and distinct functional roles. Here, we review the data concerning the in vitro and in vivo identification of these uPAR forms, their origin and functions, and the role that uPAR shedding and cleavage could play in biological processes.
A 4-Yr Climatology of Cold-Season Bow Echoes over the Continental United States
Authors: Burke Patrick C. , Schultz David M. 
Published: December 2004

Abstract
A search of radar mosaics and level-II Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler (WSR-88D) data revealed 51 cold-season (October–April) bow echoes that occurred in the contiguous United States from 1997–98 to 2000–01. Proximity soundings indicated mean 0–2.5-, 0–5-, and 5–10-km shear values of 14, 23, and 19 m s−1, respectively. Mean CAPE was 1366 J kg−1. Most bow echoes developed from squall lines, groups of cells, or squall lines overtaking cells that originated in the path of the squall line. Overall, cell mergers occurred just prior to the development of 34 (67%) of the 51 bow echoes, and embedded supercells were present in the mature stage of 22 (43%) bow echoes.
Nine severe, long-lived bow echoes (LBEs) were identified, and seven of these had damage paths that met derecho criteria. LBEs developed in strongly forced, dynamic synoptic patterns with low to moderate instability. As in previous observational studies, proximity soundings suggested that LBEs are possible within much wider ranges of sampled CAPE and shear than idealized numerical modeling studies have indicated.
Cold-season bow echoes formed overwhelmingly (47 of 51) in southwesterly 500-mb flow. Twenty (39%) bow echoes formed in a Gulf coast synoptic pattern that produced strong shear and moderate instability over the southeastern United States. Nineteen (37%) and seven (14%) bow echoes, respectively, formed in the plains and east synoptic patterns, which resemble classic severe weather outbreak patterns. Four (8%) bow echoes developed in a northwest flow synoptic pattern that produced strong shear and moderate instability over the southern plains.
Ephrin-A1 binding to CD4+ T lymphocytes stimulates migration and induces tyrosine phosphorylation of PYK2
Authors: Aasheim Hans-Christian , Delabie Jan , Finne Eivind Farmen 
Published: December 2004

AbstractEph receptors, the largest subfamily of receptor tyrosine kinases, and their ephrin ligands are important mediators of cell-cell communication regulating cell attachment, shape, and mobility. Here we demonstrate that CD4+ T lymphocytes express the EphA1 and EphA4 receptors and that these cells bind the ligand ephrin-A1. Further we show ephrin-A1 expression in vivo on high endothelial venule (HEV) endothelial cells. Ephrin-A1 binding to CD4+ T cells stimulates both stromal cell-derived factor 1α (SDF-1α)- and macrophage inflammatory protein 3β (MIP3β)-mediated chemotaxis. In line with the increased chemotactic response, increased actin polymerization is observed in particular with the combination of ephrin-A1 and SDF-1α. Signaling through EphA receptors induces intracellular tyrosine phosphorylation. In particular, proline-rich tyrosine kinase 2 (PYK2) is phosphorylated on tyrosine residues 402 and 580. Ephrin-A1-induced chemotaxis and intracellular tyrosine phosphorylation, including EphA1 and Pyk2, was inhibited by Tyrphostin-A9. In conclusion, ligand engagement of EphA receptors on CD4+ T cells stimulates chemotaxis, induces intracellular tyrosine phosphorylation, and affects actin polymerization. This, together with our finding that ephrin-A1 is expressed by HEV endothelial cells, suggests a role for Eph receptors in transendothelial migration.
Nonaudit Services and Earnings Management: UK Evidence*
Authors: FERGUSON MICHAEL J. , SEOW GIM S. , YOUNG DANQING 
Published: December 2004

AbstractUsing a sample of UK firms for the period 1996‐98, we provide empirical evidence on the relation between nonaudit services (NAS) purchase and three proxies for earnings management: (1) the likelihood that client firm accounting practices during the sample period were publicly criticized or subject to regulatory investigation; (2) the likelihood that client firms were required to restate prior financial statements or adjust current year results upon adoption of Financial Reporting Standard (FRS) No. 12, which was intended to curb opportunistic use of provisions; and (3) the mean absolute value of client discretionary working capital accruals over the sample period. The level of NAS purchase is measured, alternatively, as (1) the ratio of nonaudit to total auditor fees, (2) the natural log of NAS fees, and (3) the decile rank of a particular client's NAS fees given all NAS fees received by the audit firm practice office. With one exception, we find that all three measures of earnings management are positively and significantly associated with the three measures of NAS purchase.
Joint Tests of Signaling and Income Smoothing through Bank Loan Loss Provisions*
Authors: KANAGARETNAM KIRIDARAN , LOBO GERALD J. , YANG DONG‐HOON 
Published: December 2004

AbstractWe examine whether and how managers use loan loss provisions to smooth income and to signal their private information about their banks' future prospects. Our paper highlights that the use of the loan loss provision to accomplish more than one objective gives rise to situation‐specific costs and benefits of manipulating the provision up or down. We hypothesize that relatively undervalued banks have greater incentives to signal their future prospects than fairly valued banks and that banks' incentives to smooth intensify as premanaged earnings deviate from norms. On the basis of these conjectures, we categorize sample banks into subgroups that are predicted to use loan loss provisions consistent with their situation‐specific incentives. This allows us to refine the research methods used in prior research to examine heterogeneous incentives. While we find evidence consistent with the use of loan loss provisions to smooth earnings, particularly when premanaged earnings are extreme, our evidence on signaling is less consistent. In particular, our signaling results depend on the introduction of an interaction term that has not been used in prior research. We also document that the intensity of smoothing (signaling) is not uniform across the sample. In addition to being a function of the incentive to smooth (signal), it also is a function of the incentive to signal (smooth).
El Nuevo Mundo: The Landscape of Latino Los Angeles
Authors: Phillips Susan A. 
Published: December 2004

El Nuevo Mundo: The Landscape of Latino Los Angeles. Photographs by Camilo José Vergara. National Building Museum, Washington, D.C., December 3, 1998‐March 19, 1999; Cooper‐Hewitt National Design Museum, New York City, June 25‐September 5, 1999; Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Los Angeles, January 29–July 16, 2000 (review venue); Graham Foundation, Chicago, November 15,2000–January 25,2001.ElNuevo Mundo: The Landscape of Latino Los Angeles. Photographs by Camilo José Vergara. Gustavo Leclerc. Michael J. Dear. and J. Dallas Dishman. eds. Los Angeles: Southern California Studies Center, 2000.48 pp.
Generation and Cyclization of 5‐Hexenyllithium: 2‐Cyclopentylacetophenone
Authors: Bailey William F. , Luderer Matthew R. , Mealy Michael J. , Punzalan Eric R. 
Published: December 2004

Abstract

6‐Iodo‐1‐hexene

2‐Cyclopentylacetophenone

tert‐
Butyllithium

5‐Hexen‐1‐ol, methyl sulfonate

Sodium iodide

Methanesulfonyl chloride
Phenylsulfenylation of Nonactivated δ‐Carbon Atom by Photolysis of Alkyl Benzenesulfenates: Preparation of 2‐Phenylthio‐5‐heptanol)
Authors: Petrović Goran , Saičić Radomir N. , Čeković Živorad 
Published: December 2004

Abstract

2‐Phenylthio‐5‐heptanol

3‐Heptyl benzenesulfenate

Benzenesulfenyl chloride

Hexabutylditin

Sulfuryl chloride
The effect of pregnancy on lupus nephritis
Authors: Tandon Anu , Ibañez Dominique , Gladman Dafna D. , Urowitz Murray B. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of pregnancy on lupus nephritis with respect to renal activity and renal deterioration.MethodsSeventy‐eight pregnancies occurred in 53 women with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and renal disease. Seventy‐eight nonpregnant SLE patients with evidence of renal disease were matched to the study population by age at the time of each pregnancy and by the presence of a renal manifestation at the beginning of the study. The nonpregnant controls were seen within 2 years of the assessment dates of the pregnant patients with whom they were matched. Renal activity was defined as the presence of active urine sediment or proteinuria, and changes in these parameters were monitored throughout the study period in both study populations. Renal deterioration was defined as an increase in the serum creatinine level that was >20% above the baseline value or an increase to >120 mmoles/liter.ResultsRenal disease activity patterns were available for 74 pairs of pregnancies and controls. Renal disease became active during the study period in 33 pregnancies (44.6%) and 31 controls (41.9%). Serial serum creatinine levels were available for 75 study pairs, among which 62 pregnancies (82.7%) and 57 controls (76.0%) showed no deterioration. Comparison of the treatments received by both the pregnant and the nonpregnant patients showed no significant difference in the amount of steroids taken. A significantly lower amount of immunosuppressive and antimalarial agents were taken during the pregnancies.ConclusionDuring pregnancy in patients with SLE and renal disease, changes in renal disease activity and deterioration in renal function are similar to those which occur in nonpregnant patients with lupus nephritis.
Influence of social support and emotional context on pain processing and magnetic brain responses in fibromyalgia
Authors: Montoya Pedro , Larbig Wolfgang , Braun Christoph , Preissl Hubert , Birbaumer Niels 
Published: December 2004

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the effects of social support provided by the presence of patient's significant other on pain ratings, pain thresholds, and brain activity associated with tactile stimulation in 18 fibromyalgia (FM) patients and 18 migraine patients (controls), and to assess the influence of emotional context on thermal pain perception and processing of non–pain‐related information.MethodsThermal pain thresholds and somatosensory brain magnetic responses elicited by tactile stimulation at the elbow (a painful tender point in the FM group) and at the finger (nonpainful site) were evaluated under 2 experimental conditions of social support: patient alone and patient's significant other present. Brain activity was recorded using a 151‐channel whole‐head magnetoencephalography system. Additionally, the emotional context during presentation of tactile stimuli was manipulated by presenting aversive, pain‐related pictures and neutral pictures and asking the patients to imagine that they were experiencing the situations depicted.ResultsThermal pain thresholds indicated greater sensitivity in FM patients than in migraine patients, as well as enhanced sensitivity at the elbow than at the fingers. Specifically, in FM patients, there were significant reductions in pain sensitivity and subjective pain ratings when patients were stimulated at the painful tender point in the presence of their significant others as compared with the ratings when the patients were alone. Brain activity elicited by elbow stimulation was also significantly reduced in FM patients when a significant other was present as compared with the activity when the patient was alone. These effects were not observed in the migraine patients.ConclusionWhen the significant other was present, FM patients reported less pain and thermal pain sensitivity and showed diminished brain activity elicited upon tactile stimulation of a tender point compared with these levels when the patients were alone. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that social support through the presence of a significant other can influence pain processing at the subjective–behavioral level as well as the central nervous system level.