bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Continuous Memory, Amnesia, And Delayed Recall Of Childhood Trauma: A Clinical Typology
Authors: Harvey Mary R , Herman Judith L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The phenomenon of delayed recall of traumatic childhood events has recently drawn the attention of the popular media, clinical practitioners, and academic investigators. Because a number of states now allow victims of childhood abuse to file charges once they have achieved majority age, or have acquired new memories of childhood events, some perpetrators who were once beyond the reach of the law have been convicted or held liable for crimes committed in the distant past. Successful prosecution of a few highly publicized court cases has prompted defense attorneys and some academic investigators to question the accuracy, authenticity, and forensic legitimacy of child abuse claims brought forward by adult complainants. Loftus, for example, speculates that most, if not all, delayed memories of childhood trauma are confabulations, implanted in the minds of suggestible patients by naive or unscrupulous psychotherapists. Of she and Watters posit a virtual epidemic of fictitious claims of childhood abuse, supposedly resulting from intense pressures placed on vulnerable patients by practitioners whom they label “recovered memory therapists. “ These authors, in particular, bolster their speculations with demeaning characterizations of psychotherapy patients and practitioners.
Traumatic Experiences: The Early Organization Of Memory In School-Age Children And Adolescents
Authors: Pynoos Robert S , Steinberg Alan M , Aronson Lisa 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
There are two trends currently working to unduly restrict discussions of traumatic memories. Recent judicial controversies concerning ‘‘repressed memories,’’ ‘‘delayed memories” and “false memory syndromes” in adults, as well as a number of sensationalized legal cases involving allegations of sexual abuse by preschool children, have resulted in social polarization over the veracity of presumed traumatic memories among adults and the reliability of young children’s recall of traumatic experiences. At the same time, there have been efforts to conceptualize traumatic memories in neurobiological terms as involving an extreme consolidation of memory due to danger or fear-induced, augmented stimulation of endogenous stress hormones.5,6 Such terms as malignant memories and super memories suggest that traumatic memories are virtually fixed and indelible. Both the vehement polarization of opinion and the biological reductionism profoundly underrepresent the extraordinary complexity of traumatic experiences and the extreme activity of children’s minds in the experience and remembering of traumatic events. This chapter will present clinical and research material gathered from traumatized children and adolescents to elucidate this contention.
Psychoanalysis, Reconstruction, And The Recovery Of Memory
Authors: Levine Howard B 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Over the course of treatment, when the details of forgotten events do not emerge spontaneously in the mind of the patient, they may be inferred by the analyst and interpreted to the patient as possibly having occured. We call these inferences of what seems plausible or what might have been, constructions or, when referring to past events, reconstructions. The aim of reconstructions is either to stimulate the recall of the forgotten past or to substitute for important memories that may never be recaptured. In the latter instance, it is the conviction which the analyst and patient assign to the reconstruction that fills in the blanks in a narrative account of the patient’s life and in the development of the patient’s neurosis that is decisive for the treatment. As noted by Freud, ‘‘if the analysis is carried out correctly, we produce in [the patient] an assured conviction of the truth of the construction which achieves the same therapeutic result as a recaptured memory.’’
Cognitive Therapy Of Dissociative Identity Disorder
Authors: Ross Colin A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Cognitive therapy was first developed by Aaron Beck and colleagues for the treatment of depression. Since then it has been applied to a wide variety of different mental health problems, including anxiety disorders, personality disorders, and dissociative disorders. It is also used in marital therapy and as an adjunctive modality throughout the mental health field. The cognitive therapy of depression is one of the few psychotherapies that has been subjected to systematic treatment outcome studies, and it has proven to be as effective for the treatment of unipolar nonpsychotic depression as antidepressant medication. In some of its modifications, cognitive therapy involves techniques and strategies not described by Beck: this is true of the cognitive therapy of dissociative identity disorder (DID).
Central Europe and the Roman Christian West 400-1000
Authors: Johnson Lonnie R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Defining the relationships between national, historical, or cultural borders and physical borders is exceedingly difficult. Many geographers, whose job it is to come up with meaningful criteria for defining regions, do not like the term “Central Europe” because it subsumes too many heterogeneous phenomena under one concept. Such methodological reservations do not seem to disturb most Central Europeans, however.
Effect of Ethanol on Voltage-Gated Ion Channels
Authors: Leidenheimer N J , Dildy-Mayfield J E , Harris R A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this chapter we review the actions of ethanol on voltage-activated calcium, sodium, and potassium channels, as well as on calcium-activated potassium channels. These channels are critical for the control of neuronal excitability and are responsible for the propagation of nerve impulses and the regulation of neurotransmitter release. Because of their importance, these channels have been examined in detail with diverse techniques. Molecular biological approaches have helped elucidate their protein structure and have provided evidence for their heterogeneity and genetic diversity. Voltage-gated ion channels are composed of (1) principal subunits that are responsible for ion conductance and (2) auxiliary sub-units that are responsible for some physiological properties needed for normal function, such as level of expression, kinetics of activation/inactivation, and voltage dependence of channel gating.
The Longest Way About Is the Nearest Way Home
Authors: Ingle H Larry 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the time-honored way of all pilgrims, Fox realized he had to get away from a locality he already knew too well. His emotional state, certainly, and his nagging desire to understand his place in the world, just as certainly, could hardly be left behind. Yet in a way he probably did not want to think about, his troubling confusion and wonderment would stay with him as he traveled. From our vantage point, George’s itinerary makes little sense beyond the fact that his general path was down Watling Street toward London. He wandered about a great deal in the course of his journey. Maybe he took detours to visit relatives. The chance to replenish his purse by making shoes may have led him to decide to stop in one place rather than going on to another.1 He may also have followed the cycle of market days from one town to another. On two occasions he chose to stop where parliamentary armies were garrisoned. Many of these soldiers were youths his own age. All had hair cut so unfashionably short that they were tagged “Roundheads,” but the young traveler did not cut his own long hair. Fox may have found, as others certainly did, that Parliament’s garrison towns offered a haven from the slander that sober religious dissenters faced from royalist neighbors. One contemporary reported how persons noted for piety suffered verbal abuse and even had their personal belongings plundered. Fox did make much of the fact that people he called “rude” laughed at him and that something about him attracted unwanted public notice; the fear he recalled may have come from just this type of harassment.
More Belongs to Marriage than Four Bare Legs in a Bed
Authors: Ingle H Larry 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
George Fox’s marriage to Margaret Fell took place at the end of the 1660s. The union marked a personal culmination, even if it did not change his life very much. Marriage is an almost perfect metaphor for his final years in this decade. And if the metaphor identified a struggling marriage, then it would be even more apt. There was little evidence of elation or excitement on either his or his wife’s part—rather than a new beginning it seemed a continuation of the way things had been. The new marriage was an old marriage. The events to which he had to respond also remained more troubling, a kind of nagging bother, than anything pleasureable. Unrest and dissent, despite the fact that Perrot was out of the picture in the New World, still existed within the Society of Friends, calling forth an ongoing effort to deal with them. Complicating this unease was the legal situation, one bringing down on the young sect the full force of the government. A marriage that does not work can seem like a prison when the couple is hemmed in and unable to squeeze free. Fox spent nearly three years in prison, his wife-to-be a year longer, and she was sent back to jail a second time before the decade’s end.
Consistency and Individual Style
Authors: Johnstone Barbara 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
My discussion so far has been mainly about the various ways different people perform linguistic tasks we might in one way or another think of as the same. I have tried to show that different people do things differently with language even when they might be expected to do things similarly because doing things differently from others is how we express selfhood, and expressing selfhood is both an important function of talk and a prerequisite for successful talk. In this Chapter I explore linguistic individuality from another perspective. Rather than asking, as I have up to now, how different people do the same thing, I ask here how the same people do different things. This is in order to suggest answers to some important and usually unasked questions about linguistic consistency. I am interested here in how individuals ‘ styles are consistent across situations and how they are not, and I am interested in how people use consistency and inconsistency as strategic resources in the expression of moral personae. The way a person comes across to others, the way he or she is known for being, is partly a result of using language in consistent ways. I mean
The Yak a’s Questions
Authors: Shulman David 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Let us assume, for the moment, that the world is impenetrably enigmatic; that blindness is far more than a metaphor for human perception, the question being merely one of the degree of its actualization in each person; that any defined path, any conception of absolute values, any statement of identity-all inevitably and insidiously subvert themselves in real experience; and that language, at least in its referential mode, is consistently shown to abet this subversion. Assume, too, that life is a dice game, governed by rules known to be deceptive, in which the least experienced, least adequate player is nevertheless pushed to the point of staking everything he has, including, in the end, himself, with the certainty of losing. Assume a world in which each of the players in this game must be seen to die, in most cases violently and unfairly; in which, moreover, the poles of life and death are present in every move, with the death-pole always strangely privileged, cognitively and metaphysically, so that death is, in effect, the only possible outcome of the game. In such a world, one mostly fights for time.
Enigmas of Sexual Masquerade 1n Hindu Myths and Tales
Authors: Doniger Wendy 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The gods and the demons went to Brahma because they desired the Self. They bowed to him and said, “Sir, we desire the Self. Please tell us.” He thought for a long time and then decided, “These demons have a different sort of a self,” and so he spoke to them about a different self; and so they were deluded and go on living on that, with great attachment to the body, rejecting the raft of salvation and praising what is false. They see what is untrue as true, taken in by the magic that Indra spreads with his net.
Connecting through Riddles, or The Riddle of Connecting
Authors: Cohen Shlomith 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The answer is, of course, “a riddle.” In the following discussion I deal with some serious aspects of riddles and riddling that may account for the persistence of this genre across cultures and centuries. Peter Brooks has suggested that the most illuminating application of psychoanalytic understanding to literary investigations lies in exploring the text itself, without relating it to particular authors or readers. Following Freud, Brooks sees in a literary work the crystallization of a fantasy that combines a memory of some early experience of a wish with a situation that represents the fulfillment of that wish. Relating his ideas to those of Meredith Skuras, he writes: “I would want to extrapolate ... an understanding of how phantasy provides a dynamic model of intratextual temporal relations, and their organization according to the plot of wish or desire.
The Last and Most Decisive Battle: Collectivization as Civil War
Authors: Viola Lynne 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Never before had the breath of destruction hung so directly above the territory of the October revolution as in the years of complete collectivization. Discontent, distrust, bitterness, were corroding the country. The disturbance of the currency, the mounting up of stable, “conventional,” and free market prices, the transition from a simulacrum of trade between the state and the peasants to a grain, meat and milk levy, the life and-death struggle with mass plunderings of the collective property and mass concealment of these plunderings, the purely military mobilization of the party for the struggle against kulak sabotage (after the “liquidation” of the kulaks as a class) together with this a return to food cards and hunger rations, and finally a restoration of the passport system-all these measures revived throughout the country the atmosphere of the seemingly so long ended civil war.
The Mark of Antichrist: Rumors and the Ideology of Peasant Resistance
Authors: Viola Lynne 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
According to a Russian proverb, popular rumor is like a sea wave: it rolls into a village, engulfing and upending everything in its midst. In the terrible years of collectivization, rumor held the Soviet countryside in a vise of fear and dread anticipation. Everywhere peasants listened to rumors about collectivization. Everywhere peasants discussed the meaning of the fate that lay in wait for them. Some said the Communists were bringing back serfdom. Some said the collective farm signaled the reign of Antichrist on earth. Others said collectivization was simply pillage and ruin. The rumors of collectivization provided peasants with an idiom of resistance and a Manichaean view of the world to match that of the Communists.
Introduction
Authors: Montagu Ashley 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
“Race,, and “IO” are terms which seemingly possess a clear and well-defined meaning for millions of people. Their common usage implies the belief in a reality which is beyond question. When, on occasion, the suggestion is made that these terms correspond to no reality whatever, but constitute an amalgam of erroneous and stultifying ideas of the most damaging kind, the suggestion is received either with blank incredulity or open derision. Nevertheless, the truth is that these terms not only are unsound but in fact correspond to no verifiable reality, and have, indeed, been made the basis for social and political action of the most heinous kinds.
Natural Selection And The Mental Capacities Of Mankind
Authors: Dobzhansky Th. , Montagu Ashley 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The fundamental mechanisms of the transmission of heredity from parents to offspring are surprisingly uniform in most diverse organisms. Their uniformity is perhaps the most remarkable fact disclosed by genetics. The laws discovered by Mendel apply to human genes just as much as to those of the maize plant, and the processes of cellular division and germ cell maturation in man are not very different from those in a grasshopper.
The IQ Mythology
Authors: Montagu Ashley 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
“Race” and “IQ” are terms which seemingly possess a clear and well-defined meaning for millions of people. Their common usage implies for them the belief in a reality which is beyond question. When, on occasion, the suggestion is made that these terms correspond to no reality whatever, but constitute an amalgam of erroneous and stultifying ideas of the most damaging kind, the suggestion is received either with blank incredulity or open derision. Nevertheless, the truth is that these terms not only are unsound but in fact correspond to no verifiable reality, and have, indeed, been made the basis for social and political action of the most heinous kinds.
Race And Intelligence
Authors: Lewontin Richard C 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the spring of 1653 Pope Innocent X condemned a pernicious heresy which espoused the doctrines of “total depravity, irresistible grace, lack of free will, predestination and limited atonement.” That heresy was Jansenism and its author was Cornelius Jansen, Bishop of Ypres.
American Values and the Fairness of Health Care Reform
Authors: Daniels Norman , Light Donald W , Caplan Ronald L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Are Americans concerned enough about fairness and social justice to as sess health care reform in terms of those values?
The United States remains the only advanced industrial country in the world that fails to assure universal access to medical services. In the past, this fact has prompted some commentators to suggest that Americans lack the culture-the values-to support such a system, or at least to charge that our values must be an important part of the explanation of the absence of universal coverage (see Feldstein 1994:254; Rothman 1993). They claim that we are more “individualistic” than other countries and lack the social solidarity that leads people to share the burdens and benefits of such a system (cf. Evans 1993). We are so intent on protecting our rights as individuals to pursue “life, liberty and happiness” free from interference by others or our government that we are unwilling to support each other even with regard to fundamental needs.
Benchmarks of Fairness
Authors: Daniels Norman , Light Donald W , Caplan Ronald L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The benchmarks described in this chapter are intended to enhance deliberation about fairness, putting it centrally in the debate about reform. They form an analytic tool for thinking about the fairness of different aspects of health care reform. They are most useful for disentangling the complex moral and empirical assumptions that underlie our judgments and disagreements about the key dimensions of fairness. They will not produce immediate agreement on the relative fairness of alternatives, in part because they embody particular assumptions that not everyone accepts. By being explicit about these assumptions, they aim to improve debate and understanding about fairness, not to end it by stipulation.
Pharmacology of Opioid Drugs: Basic Principles,Basic Principles
Authors: Lipman Arthur G , Gauthier Michaele. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The term opium is derived from the ancient Greek word for juice, because opium is obtained from the juicy exudate of the poppy plant. Opium has been used as an analgesic and euphoriant for over 5,000 years. Opioid is now the preferred term for both endogenous pain-modulating substances, such as beta endorphin and enkephalins, and exogenous drugs, such as morphine and codeine. In the past, these latter substances were called narcotics or opiates. Narcotic, derived from the Greek word for stupor, historically was used to indicate drugs that induce sleep. Narcotic now has been adopted as a legal term that includes many classes of substances that may be abused. Use of that word to describe opioid analgesics may cause confusion. Opiate was originally used to designate substances derived from opium. Later, the word was used for all exogenous opioids. It is now dated, because the distinction between endogenous and exogenous substances that act as opioid receptors is blurred.
Introduction: Psychopathology in Patients with Progressive Medical Disorders: What Is “Normal”?
Authors: Massie Mary Jane 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Normal Patient Responses to Crisis Points in Progressive Medical Illness . A 34-year-old professional woman says to her psychiatrist: “I’m behaving in ways not characteristic for me; I’m indecisive, I can’t sleep, I’m anxious, and I act like a terrified little animal in front of my doctors. I don’t know if what I’m feeling, thinking and doing is normal. Tell me, what is normal when you have just been told that you have metastatic breast cancer and maybe you are going to die—and you have four little kids and your husband works half a world away?”
Clinical Response to Spiritual Issues
Authors: Mccabe Michael J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The biomedical model has served medicine well in the diagnosis, treatment, and curing of disease. However, the fact that health care is as effective as it is can obscure the deeper reality of the effects of illness on the personhood of the patient. In overlooking or giving minimal importance to the spiritual dimension of the patient, medicine limits its ability to be an even more effective agent of healing and health.
The Pharmacological Manipulation of Appetite
Authors: Loprinzi Charles L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Cancer anorexia/cachexia is clearly a major clinical problem for many patients who die from cancer. Anorexia and asthenia have been identified as more common symptoms in patients entering hospice programs than are pain or dysphagia. In addition, it is felt that a large number of patients dying from cancer die from asthenia. Anorexia appears to cause suffering for both patients themselves and for their family members as the patients appear to waste away without even trying to eat. In response to this substantial clinical problem, a number of drugs have been evaluated as potential means for reversing cancer anorexia/cachexia.
Introduction Medical and Psychosocial Implications of Skin Disorders
Authors: Bruera Eduardo 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The majority of terminally ill cancer and AIDS patients suffer from skin abnormalities. The skin may be directly involved by the underlying disease, as in the case of malignancies, or may be affected by a number of associated conditions. These include local and systemic infections, radiation- or chemotherapy-induced dermatitis or mucositis, lymphedema, local or systemic bleeding disorders, and pressure ulcers. Underlying conditions common to terminally ill patients, such as immobility, malnutrition, delirium, severe pain, immunosuppression, and dehydration, are all risk factors for skin disorders. Skin abnormalities cause numerous physical symptoms and other complications, including incidental and continuous pain, hyperalgesia, pruritus, decreased mobility, odor, and bleeding.