bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unnatural science
Authors: Medawar Peter 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
If a broad line of demarcation is drawn between the natural sciences and what can only be described as the unnatural sciences, it will at once be recognized as a distinguishing mark of the latter that their practitioners try most painstakingly to imitate what they believe-quite wrongly, alas for them-to be the distinctive manners and observances of the natural sciences.
Dolly: The Age of Biological Control
Authors: Wilmut Ian 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this chapter I wish to present the reader with several exciting possible applications of nuclear transfer technology, or cloning technology as it is popularly called. Nuclear transfer is the technique by which Dolly was created.1 What makes Dolly so unique is that she is the first mammal ever to be cloned using the nucleus of an already differentiated cell. In all of the furore that followed our announcement of Dolly’s birth at the Roslin Institute, and of her subsequent pregnancy, there has been relatively little attention paid to how revolutionary this step in nuclear transfer technology in fact was. What Dolly shows is that a nucleus from an adult animal cell can be reprogrammed to become totipotent; it can, in other words, be altered to allow the foll range of gene expression required to create a complete animal. We have thus entered what I have termed in the title an age of biological control, an era in which we will progressively become able to prevent as well as treat human diseases which currently cause terrible suffering, both by better understanding the molecular structure of cell development and modifying it.
Beethoven’s Piano Sonata in E, Op. 109
Authors: Marston Nicholas 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In his thorough analytical study of Beethoven’s Piano Sonata in E, Op. 109, Nicholas Marston suggests a unique way of understanding this important work. The book provides an exhaustive study of its sources and an analytical approach to the structure of the sonata itself. The source study is based on a complete transcritpion of all the surviving manuscript sources for the work; the book includes a large majority of the sketches, and parts of the autograph score. The introductory chapter reivews Heinrich Schenker’s work on Op. 109. In Chapter 2 Beethoven’s letters, conversation books, sketchbooks and other sources are used to build up a detailed picture of the progess of his work on the sonata. The middle chapters form the core of the analytical study in which the sketches for each part of the three movements are analysed in detail, and the relevance of the sketches to the final version is explored. The final chapter extends the notion of ‘sketch’ beyond Op. 109 and summarizes the results of the study. No stone is left unturned: even Beethoven’s previously misunderstood notation of final barlines in the autograph score is shown to be of structural significance. The book is important in several respects. The attitude adopted towards the sketches is postive , approaching them as valid compositional acts and not wrong turnings en route to a perfect final version. As an analytical study the book provides perhaps the most extended Schenkerian analysis of a Beethoven sonata yet published, and offers a rare Schenkerian analysis of a variation movement. It may equally be read as a extension or critique of Schenkerian thinking: it goes beyond Schenker both in its espousal of unconventional ‘background’ strucures and in its suggestion of a single structural plan for the entire three-movement work.
Flute Technique
Authors: Morris Gareth 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This is a book for both professional and amateur flute players. It contains instructions in sound production, breath control, intonation, tonguing, and dynamics; and it offers advice on phrasing, tone, vibrato, and orchestral playing. There are annotated fingering charts showing normal fingerings, and trill fingerings, and a concise account of the flute’s history. There is also a useful repertory list, and an appendix by Sebastian Bell describing avant-garde techniques.
“You Ain’t Heard Nothin’ Yet”
Authors: Sarris Andrew 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Andrew Sarris has long been one of America's most celebrated writers on film, author of the seminal work The American Cinema, and for decades a highly regarded critic, first for The Village Voice and more recently for The New York Observer. Now comes Sarris's definitive statement on film, in a masterwork that has taken 25 years to complete. Here is a sweeping--and highly personal--history of American film, from the birth of the talkies (beginning with The Jazz Singer and Al Jolson's memorable line "You ain't heard nothin' yet") to the decline of the studio system. By far the largest section of the book celebrates the work of the great American film directors, with giants such as John Ford, Alfred Hitchcock, Charlie Chaplin, Orson Welles, and Howard Hawks examined film by film. Sarris also offers glowing portraits of major stars, from Garbo and Bogart to Ingrid Bergman, Margaret Sullavan, Spencer Tracy, Katharine Hepburn, Clark Gable, and Carole Lombard. There is a tour of the studios--Metro, Paramount, RKO, Warner Brothers, 20th Century Fox, Universal--revealing how each left its own particular stamp on film. And in perhaps the most interesting and original section, we are treated to an informative look at film genres--the musical, the screwball comedy, the horror picture, the gangster film, and the western. A lifetime of watching and thinking about cinema has gone into this book. It is the history that film buffs have been waiting for.
Clinical Diagnosis in Neurosurgery
Authors: Black Peter McLaren , Rossitch Eugene 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Diagnosis in neurosurgery usually involves three steps: the organi-zation of historical features and physical findings into syndrome complexes (syndrome identification), the identification of the ana-tomical region involved (anatomic diagnosis), and the clarification of the disease represented in a particular patient (etiological and pathological diagnosis). There is an old saying in neurology: “the history tells what the disease is and the examination tells where it is.” Accurate diagnosis is a crucial initial step in neurosurgery.
Vascular Disorders of the Brain and Spine
Authors: Black Peter McLaren , Rossitch Eugene 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A stroke is a neurological event of sudden onset resulting from dis¬ease in the blood vessels supplying the brain. Two broad categories can be defined: ischemic strokes, in which lack of blood supply leads to infarction; and hemorrhagic strokes, in which there is abnormal bleeding in the brain. There are three forms of ischemic stroke- thrombotic, embolic, and hypertensive; and two forms of hemor¬rhagic stroke- intracerebral and subarachnoid.
Infections of the Brain and Spine
Authors: Black Peter McLaren , Rossitch Eugene 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Bone infections usually occur after a craniotomy or head injury. A skull X-ray will show a moth-eaten appearance of the bone. Unfor-tunately, this is not too different from the appearance of a normal bone flap that has a limited blood supply so that it is difficult on X-ray alone to make this differential diagnosis. An indium-labeled white blood cell scan may be helpful in this situation.
Introduction
Authors: Driggs Frank , Haddix Chuck 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Kansas City, Missouri, a cradle of jazz, along with New Orleans, Chicago, and New York, bred a distinct style of jazz that swiftly grew from ragtime to bebop. In 1921, James Scott published one of his last great rags, “Don’t Jazz Me Rag (I’m Music). “ Twenty years later, Charlie Parker composed “What Price Love, “ a bebop classic later renamed “Yardbird Suite. “ The golden age of Kansas City Jazz produced a legion of bands and soloists who changed the course of American music. Surprisingly, little scholarship has been devoted to the development of Kansas City Jazz.
Carrie’s Gone to Kansas City
Authors: Driggs Frank , Haddix Chuck 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Like New York City’S Harlem, Kansas City’s 18th and Vine area developed into a self-contained community. During the days of public segregation, the intersection of 18th and Vine served as the hub of a bustling business and entertainment district—the heart and soul of an African American community, bounded by Independence Avenue on the north, Troost Avenue on the west, 27th Street on the south, and Benton Boulevard to the east. Baseball legend and former Kansas City Monarch Buck O’Neil mused that racial segregation in Kansas City “was a horrible thing, but a bitter-sweet thing. We owned the Street’s Hotel. We owned Elnora’s restaurant. The Kansas City Monarchs were our team. The money we made in the community, stayed in the community. When we traveled we spent money in other black communities and it came back when they came to Kansas City. “
The Territories
Authors: Driggs Frank , Haddix Chuck 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Walter Page’S Blue Devils and the legion of other bands barnstorming across the West were referred to as territorial bands in recognition of the vast areas they toured. Based in larger cities, some little more than dusty, overgrown frontier towns scattered across the plains, the bands staked out the western United States into immense territories. Bandleaders vigilantly protected their turf against claim-jumpers. “You had your own territory to play in and you didn’t play anywhere else unless you got permission from the leading band in that territory, “ Ed Lewis explained. “Around Oklahoma City, Wichita, Kansas, and places like that, Walter Page’s Blue Devils was the leading band. If Bennie Moten wanted to play dates in that territory, he had to get in touch with Walter Page. “1 Musical gunslingers, they settled territorial disputes in the spirit of the Wild West, shooting it out in battles of the bands. Walter Page boasted, “I cut both George E. Lee and Jesse Stone.
Hootie’s Blues
Authors: Driggs Frank , Haddix Chuck 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Jay Mcshann And Harlan Leonard managed to escape the full force of the local cleanup and break out nationally, with a little luck and help from Dave Dexter. In the fall of 1938, Dexter joined Down Beat in Chicago. Confidently moving into his new position as associate editor, Dexter brought a new professionalism to the musician’s monthly. “Within days I was writing, or rewriting from a dozen unpaid volunteer correspondents in the major cities, at least 80 percent of the news and features in each issue, “ Dexter proudly recalled. “I selected the photos and composed their captions. I pasted up the dummy of each page, corrected typographical errors, and arranged the physical layout of each story, writing every headline myself. “1 Dexter wrote under numerous pseudonyms to give the illusion of a large staff. The barely twenty-threeyear-old Dexter, still sporting his funny Kansas City haircut, trimmed high and tight on the sides, emerged as a powerhouse in the music industry, in deciding which records merited review and what bands deserved ink. Once established at Down Beat, Dexter wielded his considerable influence to advance the McShann and Leonard bands nationally, while continuing to champion the Kansas City tradition.
In early February 1939, Dexter brought Jay McShann to Chicago for an engagement at the newly opened Off-Beat Club, an offshoot of Down Beat, located below the popular Three Deuces Club on State Street. The Off-Beat attracted scores of musicians and industry insiders who hoped to appear in
The Genetic Basis of Plant Physiological Processes
Authors: King John 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Plant molecular biology is rapidly becoming an important and successful component of the worldwide research challenge to apply basic biochemical, physiological and genetic techniques for the improvement of agricultural crops. This book shows how the study of fundamental plant physiological processes is being advanced through the science of genetics. The author has adopted a case study approach to illustrate how defined genetic materials in mutants and plant variants are being productively used to explore photosynthesis, stress tolerance, seed physiology, and flowering and reproductive morphology. This approach also helps avoid overwhelming readers who might be unfamiliar with the enormous detail now available in this burgeoning field. The case studies cover all major fields of plant physiology and are grouped in a format familiar to students of the discipline. Most take the form of a brief introduction followed by a discussion of the isolation and characterization of the mutants in question, and then by examples of how these mutants have been used to provide physiological insights. The aim is to make the information accessible to students with an elementary knowledge of plant physiology, genetics, and molecular biology, as well as other scientists and students who wish to know more about the application of the powerful tools provided by genetics.
“Daddy’s Gone to War”
Authors: Tuttle William M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
“Being Born in 1937,” wrote Ruby Anglea in 1990, “and my father serving in World War II, I thought I could be of some help to you in gathering information for your book. But the strangest thing happened shortly after I began to write down my memories-I couldn’t. I was recalling my father being separated from us, then my mother leaving to join him in a stateside camp, my living with my grandparents-and suddenly as if I was paralyzed I could go no further.” Ruby was not alone. To these homefront girls and boys, nothing was more unsettling than the father’s departure for military service. In other families, the wartime absence of an older brother was equally upsetting. The safety of uncles, cousins, and neighborhood fathers and brothers also concerned boys and girls. These were anxious and painful years for the home front children.
Working Mothers and Latchkey Children
Authors: Tuttle William M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Ail Hagar was not yet two in 1942 when her father entered the United States Army and then her mother left her “with a lady” and “got a job at the camp so she could be near daddy.” For most of her life, Gail recalled, she was unaware that this had had “any effect on me at all “But she became a grandmother, and one day her daughter was “phoning around .looking for a babysitter so she could go to work. I became very angry with her & told her she should be ashamed [for] just trying to unload Amy on anyone and going off & leaving her that way.” Gail’s anger surprised and concerned her, for she realized that “my feelings were not about my daughter and Amy [but] about my mother leaving me.” She was astonished that she harbored such “great resentments from even that early age.” Yet there was another reason for her upset. Like her childhood feelings of abandonment, this too was a life-course change related to her mother, who was eighty and ill. Gail, at fifty, was now struggling “with the fear all over again that she is going to leave me & what’s going to happen to me when she’s gone, and who will take care of me?”
The Problem of the Essential Indexical and Other Essays
Authors: Perry John 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Problems of the Essential Indexical is a collection of twelve essays by John Perry and two essays he co-authored. These deal with various problems related to ‘self-locating beliefs’-the sorts of beliefs one expresses with indexicals and demonstratives like ‘I’ and ‘this’. Postscripts have been added to a number of the essays discussing criticisms that have been made by writers such as Gareth Evans and Robert Stalnaker. Included are such well-known essays as ‘Frege on Demonstratives’, ‘The Problem of the Essential Indexical’, ‘From Worlds to Situations’, and ‘The Prince and the Phone Booth’.
Possible Worlds and Subject Matter
Authors: Perry John 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Barbara Partee emphasizes two contributions possible-worlds semantics has made to linguistics (1989). First, possible worlds have helped to provide an appropriate structure on the space of meanings. Second, the possible-worlds conception helps relate linguistic meaning to other kinds of informational content.1 She believes that these contributions are “largely independent of metaphysical issues” (1989, 107).
Strong Medicine
Authors: Menzel Paul T 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In one form or another, health care is now being rationed; not every patient receives all that is possibly beneficial for him - sometimes with tragic consequences. Decisions to ration raise a classic dilemma: how can we treat an individual with dignity and genuine respect when he is being short-changed by an efficient policy that seems best overall? Strong Medicine argues that we can respect the individual, if those policies represent the hard trade-off preferences of patients controlling resources for their larger lives. Rationing is still strong medicine to swallow, but then it becomes what patients, as well as the doctor, ordered. Menzel develops this central idea and applies it to major issues of health policy and economics: the notion of pricing life, the long-run cost of prevention, measuring quality of life, imperilled newborns, adequate care for the poor, containing costs by market competition, malpractice suits, procuring organs for transplant, and dying expensively in old age. He provides a hard-hitting, critical philosophical discussion of these issues, in non-technical language accessible to a wide range of readers.
The Molecular Vision of Life
Authors: Kay Lily E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Molecular biology as a distinct scientific discipline had its origins in chemistry and physical biochemistry, gradually emerging in the period between 1930 and the elucidation of DNA in the mid 1950s. Today this field has risen to a dominant position, and with its focus on deciphering genetic structure, it has endowed scientists with unprecedented power over life. In this fascinating study, however, Lily Kay argues that molecular biology did not “evolve” in a random fashion but, rather, was the result of systematic efforts by key scientists and their supporting foundations to direct the development of biological research toward a preconceived vision of science and society. The author traces and analyses the conceptual roots of molecular biology and the social matrix in which it was developed, focusing on the role of leading researchers headquartered at Caltech, and on the Rockefeller Foundation’s sponsorship of the new science. The study thus explores a number of vital, sometimes controversial topics, among them the role of private power centres in shaping the scientific agenda, the political aspects of “pure” research, and how genetic engineering was envisioned by some as a potential tool for social intervention. This book will be of special interest to all molecular biologists, as well as historians and sociologists of science. However the story told has broad significance, and it is written in an accessible, nontechnical manner, fully understandable to general readers.
Laser Microprobe Mass Spectrometry: Ion and Neutral Analysis
Authors: Odom Robert W , Schueler Bruno 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Laser microprobe mass spectrometry is a microanalytical materials analysis technique employed in the characterization of a material’s elemental and, in some cases, molecular composition.1-3 The laser microprobe technique is based on performing a mass and intensity analysis of the ionic species formed in the high-power density laser irradiation of a solid sample. The microanalytical feature of the laser microprobe technique is achieved by utilizing a finely focused ( ∼1 µ,min diameter) laser pulse to initiate the vaporization and ionization of a materials constituents. There are a number of different types of laser and mass spectrometer combinations (some of these are described elsewhere in this book) that provide chemical characterization of a solid sample.
Replying to Hume ‘s Heap
Authors: Kitcher Patricia 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
When Kant focuses on the demands that cognitive tasks put on the subject, he proclaims the existence of a “transcendental unity of apperception”. “Why not call it the transcendental diversity of apperception?”, Richard Rorty once inquired.1 Rorty ‘s irony reflects a common reaction among less sympathetic readers of the Critique. With this doctrine Kant ‘s tendency to sesquipedality becomes intolerable. The troubles that contemporary readers have with apperception go far deeper than matters of terminological style, however. This doctrine is Kant ‘s principal teaching about the necessary attributes of a being capable of cognitive experience. As such, it is the centerpiece of the subjective Deduction.
Perceiving Times and Spaces: The Cognitive Capacity at the Center of the Deduction
Authors: Kitcher Patricia 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Chapters 4 and 5 showed how these analyses led to the development of a persuasive account of mental unity, the unity of apperception. This material constitutes a substantial part of the objective and subjective sides of the Deduction chapter. What is missing from the account so far is what is missing for most of the chapter itself: the connection between these task analyses and apperception, and Kant ‘s goal of establishing a special status for the 12 categorial concepts. That is the project for this chapter. I will use these task analyses and the account of apperception, plus a more specific analysis-the analysis of perceiving spatial and temporal arrays-to show how Kant ‘s transcendental psychology enables him to construct one long argument for the universal applicability and indispensability of the categories, an argument that stretches from the Aesthetic through the Principles.
Apprenticeship in Thinking
Authors: Rogoff Barbara 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Defining the process of learning as an apprenticeship--a social activity that is mediated by parents and peers who support and challenge the child's understanding and skills--Rogoff here explores the mental development of children. She draws from and expands on the work of Vygotsky in her examination of the dynamic relationship between thinking processes and the cultural context and gathers evidence from various areas--cognitive and developmental psychology, cultural psychology, anthropology, infancy studies, and communications research. By integrating available evidence and her own research, Rogoff provides a coherent and broadly based account of cognitive development in the sociocultural context. Written in a provocative and engaging style and supplemented by photographs and original drawings by the author, this book will be used by students as well as researchers in developmental, cognitive, and social psychology, and those in the related disciplines of communication, anthropology, and education.
The Flesh Made Word
Authors: Michie Helena 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Examining the works of such Victorian writers as the Brontës, Dickens, Eliot, Trollope, and Hardy, Michie discusses the codes and taboos which distance the reader from the female body, allowing `safe' bodily parts - like hands - and `safe' physical activities - like eating - to stand for other, unspeakable aspects of female physicality. She reveals how these codes function as safe textual spaces for the entrance of the seemingly excluded female body, and shows that in the stylized discourses of synecdoche, euphemism, physiognomy, and metaphor lie the possibilities of their own subversion.