bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
APPLICATION OF THE TAGUCHI METHOD TO IMPROVE THE PROCESS YIELD RATE FOR AIR CLEANERS IN TOYOTA CORONA VEHICLES
Authors: JHANG JHY-PING , CHAN HSIAO-LING 
Published: May 2003

The major purposes of this research are to improve the process yield rate for air cleaners in Toyota Corona vehicles and to find the robust parameters of this process by using the Taguchi method and design for the experiments. Furthermore, in order to reduce the scrap cost, improve the quality of plastic injection and decrease environmental pollution, we aim to reduce the occurrence of nonconformities and increase the use of recycled material. Within the analysis of the injection mold, we would like to study the correlation between injecting conditions and nonconformities by using the orthogonal table of L18. Based on the results of the S/N ratio, ANOVA, and response surface methods, we have given suggestions for the optimal conditions for the specifications of the parameters and the standard of the process. Moreover, the results of this research can be applied to other products. Finally, we expect to develop software which can apply the Taguchi methodology and is user friendly for both suppliers and users of video instruction. Furthermore, the Taguchi method will be generally applied to other component processing methods involving other vehicles.
ANATOMICAL STUDY OF THE DISTAL RADIOULNAR JOINT: DEGENERATIVE CHANGES AND MORPHOLOGICAL MEASUREMENT
Authors: Yoshida Ryo , Beppu Moroe , Ishii Syoji , Hirata Kazuaki 
Published: May 2003

A study of the degenerative changes in the distal radioulnar joint compared with morphological measurement of that joint using 91 joints of the hand from 51 systemic anatomy cadavers was conducted. X-ray images of the joints of the hand were taken followed by measurement of radial inclination, ulnar variance, volar tilt, sigmoid notch inclination and ulnar seat inclination. Macroscopic observations of the ulnar notch of the radius and surface of the distal radioulnar joint of the ulnar head were made by dividing them into six and nine areas, respectively. These were then used to classify the degree of cartilage degeneration. In addition, the status of the triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) was also observed.Arthropathic changes of the distal radioulnar joint were associated with factors including TFC degeneration and UV(+), SNI(-) and USI(+).
NONLINEAR OPTICAL RESPONSE OF CYANOBIPHENYL LIQUID CRYSTALS TO HIGH-POWER, NANOSECOND LASER RADIATION
Authors: LUKISHOVA SVETLANA G. 
Published: May 2003

Results from investigations are summarized into: (1) transient refractive and absorptive (two-photon) nonlinearities at 0.532 μm by the Z-scan method, and (2) reflective nonlinearity in the near-IR, of linearly nonabsorbing cyanobiphenyl liquid crystals under nanosecond laser irradiation. (1) For isotropic liquid crystals at the several-nanosecond time scale and several tens-micrometers beam-waist-diameter, transient molecular-reorientation and thermal/density refractive nonlinearities compete in changing the sign of the total transient refractive nonlinearity. For the different, given pulse durations, the influence of coupled thermal and density effects on nonlinear refraction depends, through buildup time, on the beam-waist diameter. Nonlinear absorption coefficients depend on the incident intensity. For planar nematic layers, cumulative effects in heating (and in refractive nonlinearity) were observed even at low, 2–10 Hz pulse repetition rate. These results are useful for optical power limiting applications, and for intensity and beam-quality sensors of pulsed, high-power lasers. (2) Reflective nonlinearity of chiral-nematic (cholesteric) mirrors near selective reflection conditions for circular polarized light at λ=1.064 μm was studied both under free space irradiation and inside a laser resonator. Specially chosen experimental irradiation conditions make it possible to attribute the observed changing of reflectivity to athermal helix unwinding by the optical field. The results can find applications in laser-resonator mirrors, Q-switches and soft apertures for beam-profile formation, and also in showing the limits of use cholesteric optical elements in high-power laser beams.
NONLINEAR OPTICAL RESPONSES OF ANTIFERROMAGNETIC INSULATORS
Authors: HANAMURA EIICHI , TANABE YUKITO 
Published: May 2003

Firstly, we show how to resolve the observed mystery in the resonance-enhancement of two-magnon Raman scattering in antiferromagnetic (AFM) insulators La2CuO4 and YBa2Cu3O6 in terms of the excitonic cluster model. Secondly, we refer to the strong third-harmonic generation (THG) in visible region from La2CuO4, and explain how we are able to understand the fine structures as quantum interference among two-photon and three-photon resonant THG. Ferroelectric (FEL)-AFM crystals RMnO3 (R=Y, Ho, Er) with a hexagonal structure show interesting two-photon resonant second-harmonic generation (SHG). Two lowest-energy excitons in the visible region are found to contribute to SHG constructively in YMnO3 and destructively in ErMnO3 depending upon the AFM spin-configuration. It is also found that the clamping of two order-parameters FEL and AFM must be introduced to explain the observation.
RENORMALIZED TRACES AS A LOOKING GLASS INTO INFINITE-DIMENSIONAL GEOMETRY
Authors: PAYCHA SYLVIE 
Published: May 2003

This paper, based on results obtained in recent years with various coauthors,1–3,13,53 presents a proposal to extend some classical geometric concepts to a class of infinite-dimensional manifolds such as current groups and to a class of infinite-dimensional bundles including the ones arising in the family index theorem. The basic idea is to extend the notion of trace underlying many geometric concepts using renormalized traces which are linear functionals on pseudo-differential operators. The definition of "renormalized traces" involves extra data on the manifolds or vector bundles, namely a weight given by a field of elliptic operators which becomes part of the geometric data, leading to the notion of weighted manifold and weighted vector bundle. This weight is a source of anomaly arising typically as a Wodzicki residue of some pseudo-differential operator. We investigate the anomalies that arise when trying to extend to the infinite-dimensional setting classical results of finite-dimensional geometry such as a Weitzenböck formula, Chern–Weil invariants or the relation between the first Chern form on a complex vector bundle and the curvature on the associated determinant bundle. When comparable, we relate our approach to the one adopted for similar problems in noncommutative geometry.
STUDY OF GAMOW STATES IN THE RIGGED HILBERT SPACE WITH TEMPERED ULTRADISTRIBUTIONS
Authors: DE PAOLI A. L. , ESTEVEZ M. A. , ROCCA M. C. , VUCETICH H. 
Published: May 2003

In this work we show that it is possible to extend analytically, and with the use of tempered ultradistributions, the "pseudonorm" defined by T. Berggren for Gamow states. We define this "pseudonorm" for all states determined by the zeros of the Jost function for any short range potential. As an example we study the s-states corresponding to the square well potential.
RECENT ADVANCES IN CONTENT-BASED VIDEO ANALYSIS
Authors: NGO CHONG-WAH , PONG TING-CHUEN , ZHANG HONG-JIANG 
Published: May 2003

In this paper, we present major issues in video parsing, abstraction, retrieval and semantic analysis. We discuss the success, the difficulties and the expectations in these areas. In addition, we identify important opened problems that can lead to more sophisticated ways of video content analysis. For video parsing, we discuss topics in video partitioning, motion characterization and object segmentation. The success in video parsing, in general, will have a great impact on video representation and retrieval. We present three levels of abstracting video content by scene, keyframe and key object representations. These representation schemes in overall serve as a good start for video retrieval. We then describe visual features, in particular motion, and similarity measures adopted for retrieval. Next, we discuss the recent computational approaches in bridging the semantic gap for video content understanding.
MPEG-7: A STANDARD FOR MULTIMEDIA CONTENT DESCRIPTION
Authors: PEREIRA FERNANDO , KOENEN ROB 
Published: May 2003

Multimedia information is getting more abundant and the means to produce it are becoming a commodity, but finding and managing multimedia content is getting harder and harder. In 1996, MPEG (Moving Picture Experts Group) started a project formally named "Multimedia Content Description Interface", but better known as MPEG-7, acknowledging the need to efficiently and effectively describe and retrieve multimedia information and recognizing the substantial technological developments in the area of multimedia content description. MPEG-7 sets a standard for multimedia description tools, notably so-called descriptors, description schemes, systems tools and a description definition language. MPEG-7 is generic in the sense that it is not specially designed or optimized for a particular application domain. It is however clear that image and video database applications are among its most important application domains. This paper intends to overview the context, objectives, technical approach, workplan and achievements of the MPEG-7 standard. The first version and main body of this standard should be ready by July 2001.
Hepatocyte Ploidy in Regenerating Livers after Partial Hepatectomy, Drug-Induced Necrosis, and Cirrhosis
Authors: Gandillet A. , Alexandre Eliane , Royer Cathy , Cinqualbre J. , Jaeck D. , Richert Lysiane 
Published: May 2003

The hepatocyte ploidy was investigated by flow cytometry in regenerating Sprague-Dawley rat livers following either drug-induced acute necrosis (single sublethal doses of <i>D</i>-galactosamine or thioacetamide) or drug-induced chronic cirrhosis (repeated thioacetamide injections for 10–18 weeks) and in regenerating livers following 70% partial hepatectomy and was compared with that of normal hepatocytes. Twenty-four hours after partial hepatectomy, a significant decrease in 2n (1 diploid nucleus) hepatocytes and a significant increase in 8n (1 octoploid nucleus) hepatocytes occurred. In contrast, 24 h following induction of acute hepatic failure by single <i>D</i>-galactosamine or thioacetamide injections, a significant increase in 2n hepatocytes was observed, whereas the proportion of 8n hepatocytes remained unchanged. The liver ploidy returned to basal values within 21 days in all cases. In cirrhotic livers induced by chronic thioacetamide injections, the rate of 2n hepatocytes was about ten times that of the controls having the same age, while 4n (1 tetraploid nucleus) and 8n hepatocytes were one third of controls. The binucleation rate was also significantly decreased.
Mesh Implants in Hernia Repair
Authors: Rosch R. , Junge K. , Schachtrupp A. , Klinge U. , Klosterhalfen B. , Schumpelick V. 
Published: May 2003

<i>Background:</i> In the reinforcement of the abdominal wall with mesh implants, various complications including hernia recurrence, abdominal pain, seroma formation and infection are discussed to depend on the biocompatibility of the alloplastic prosthesis. Particularly macrophages, T-cells and mast cells have been shown to play a major role in the inflammatory response to biomaterials. To approach biocompatibility of surgical meshes we therefore examined the infiltrate of these cells as well as the proliferation rate in response to different clinically applied materials. <i>Materials and Methods:</i> Three mesh materials (polypropylene: PP, Prolene<sup>®</sup>; polyethylene terephthalate: PET, Mersilene<sup>®</sup>, and polypropylene/polyglactin: PP + PG, Vypro<sup>®</sup>) were compared after inlay implantation in a standardized rodent animal model. A suture-closed laparotomy served as control. After 7 and 90 days of implantation, histochemical analysis of the inflammatory response to all biomaterials was performed: macrophages (ED3), T-cells (CD3), proliferating cells (PCNA) and mast cells (Giemsa) were investigated. <i>Results: </i> In all groups a persisting T-cell response was observed. Colonization of the interface with macrophages showed a pronounced reduction in the PP + PG-mesh group. Infiltration of mast cells at the tissue graft interface showed a time-dependent decrease in the PET- and PP + PG-mesh groups, whereas in contrast, index of mast cells increased in the PP-mesh group. At both time points, indices of proliferation were highest in the PP-mesh group. <i>Conclusion:</i> The present data confirm the development of a biomaterial-dependent chronic inflammatory response to surgical meshes with macrophages as the predominant cell type. Further research on the recruitment of inflammatory cells and in particular on the role of mast cells and their granular products should be encouraged.
The Effect of Variable Energy Input from a Novel Light Source on the Photoactivated Bactericidal Action of Toluidine Blue O on <i>Streptococcus mutans</i>
Authors: Williams J.A. , Pearson G.J. , Colles M.J. , Wilson M. 
Published: May 2003

Although the combination of toluidine blue O (TBO) dye and laser light at a wavelength of 633 nm has a bactericidal effect, light from laboratory lasers can only be directed externally at a bacterial colony or suspension. In this study a novel delivery system guided the laser light to an 800-µm diameter spherical tip (an isotropic tip) from which light radiated producing a uniform sphere of light within the colony or suspension. The system was highly effective in killing TBO-treated <i>Streptococcus mutans</i> NCTC 10449 in stirred planktonic suspension, killing at least 10<sup>9 </sup>cfu/ml. Antibacterial action increased as the delivered energy dose increased. Energy doses of 1.8 J or more produced 100% kills and log reductions of 8–10 cfu/ml. Neither TBO dye nor light alone had a significant antibacterial effect under the experimental conditions used. The existence of a threshold energy, i.e. a minimum energy required before bactericidal action occurred, could not be demonstrated.
A New Selective Medium for <i>Streptococcus mutans </i>and the Distribution of <i>S. mutans </i>and <i>S. sobrinus </i>and Their Serotypes in Dental Plaque
Authors: Hirasawa M. , Takada K. 
Published: May 2003

A new selective medium (MS-MUT) was developed for the isolation of <i>Streptococcus mutans</i> from clinical specimens. The average growth recovery of <i>S. mutans</i> on MS-MUT medium was 72.4% of that on MS medium. Growth of <i>Streptococcus sobrinus </i>was significantly inhibited on the medium with an average recovery of 0.034%. In 103 subjects,<i> S. mutans </i>was detected at 58.3, 75.0 and 95.7% in the dental plaque of caries-free (CF), caries-inactive (CI) and caries-active (CA) subjects, respectively. <i>S. sobrinus</i> was detected in 8.3, 13.6 and 38.3% of CF, CI and CA subjects, respectively. <i>S. sobrinus</i> alone was detected in only 4.3% of CA subjects. The subjects in whom neither <i>S. mutans </i>nor<i> S. sobrinus</i> were detected were 41.6% in CF and 25.0% in CI. The most predominant serotype was <i>c</i> with a 67% detection rate. <i>S. sobrinus, </i>serotypes <i>d</i> or <i>g</i> were usually found together with <i>S. mutans</i>.
Efectos del anonimato y el género sobre el nivel de consenso, cohesión y satisfacción en grupos con apoyo de sistemas informáticos
Authors: Martínez Isabel Ma , Mejías Roberto J. 
Published: May 2003

Los sistemas de apoyo informático han dado lugar a nuevas formas de trabajo en grupo permitiendo la interacción en situaciones en las que los componentes del grupo están física, temporal y funcionalmente separados. El objetivo del presente trabajo es analizar los efectos del anonimato y el género sobre el nivel de consenso, la cohesión y la satisfacción de los individuos, en una situación de trabajo en grupo asistido por sistemas informáticos. Mediante un diseño experimental de laboratorio se consideran dos condiciones experimentales: Grupos con apoyo de sistemas informáticos (GSS) y grupos cara a cara y dos situaciones: de anónimo e identificados. Los resultados, no muestran diferencias en los niveles de acuerdo pre-discusión y post-discusión, en función del anonimato, del género ni del uso de la tecnología. Sin embargo, a nivel individual, se advierten diferencias significativas en la cohesión grupal y satisfacción con el proceso y la decisión final, considerando la situación de anonimato y la variable género.
Evaluating the Air Pressure Response of Multizonal Buildings
Authors: Lstiburek Joseph , Pressnail Kim , Timusk John 
Published: May 2003

Air flow in buildings is a complex flow and pressure distribution problem that makes quantification difficult. However, certain parameters have recently become easy to quantify – specifically the air pressure relationships within buildings. The measured building air pressure field can be used with network analysis to solve the building flow and leakage regime creating an analytical macro model of the building flow and leakage regime. The response of the analytical model can be further tuned by perturbing both the building air pressure field and the analytical model. Building analysis typically focuses on flows and requires that all flow paths into and out of a control volume be defined. The flow path resistances need to be characterized. Determining all air flow paths and determining the flow path resistances directly is difficult. As such, estimates of these flow path resistances are commonly used. These estimates are based on limited field data and laboratory measurements. The literature provides some component values that vary by orders of magnitude and their application is often unable to predict building flow fields (ASHRAE, 1997). Standard building analysis develops the building pressure field from the flow field. This paper argues that developing the flow field from the building pressure field is more powerful. Determining the characteristics of the building pressure field directly is considerably easier than determining flow path resistances. It allows closing of the gap between the mathematical sophistication of available multi-cell air flow models and the necessary input information defining the building boundary conditions. This approach allows the pressure response of the building to be used to ‘‘tune’’ the models extending the range of their applicability and accuracy.
Information Based Delivery System for Sprayed Polyurethane Foam in Roofing
Authors: Kashiwagi Dean T. , Tisthammer Thom 
Published: May 2003

This paper describes the results of a three year research effort to reshape a Spray Polyurethane Foam (SPF) roofing manufacturer’s delivery system from a ‘‘low-bid,’’ marketing system, into an information based delivery system. The objective of this program is to develop a high-performance product sector that is based on performance information, parallel to the existing commoditysector that is based on low price. This paper describes an SPF roofing deliverysy stem aiming at the following: 1. Use of Information Measurement Theoryto identifyperformance criteria. 2. Use the performance information to increase the ‘‘perceived’’ and actual value of the installed system. 3. Allow the facilityowner and their representatives to impact the contractor’s rating to motivate a higher level of performance. 4. Allow contractors to relate better to various requirements depending on the type of work, facilityowner preferences, and performance/price relationships. 5. Increase the market share for a high performance SPF roofing system. 6. Eliminate several business problems that affect performance of SPF systems. This program infers that the performance information is the best wayto reduce liabilityrisk of the contractor and manufacturer. The participants also realized that using performance information is the best wayto maintain profit margins in a very competitive marketplace.
Methodology and Design of Field Experiments for Monitoring the Hygrothermal Performance of Wood Frame Enclosures
Authors: Straube John , Onysko Don , Schumacher Chris 
Published: May 2003

Measurement of heat, air and moisture (HAM) phenomena in building assemblies under both controlled conditions and field conditions are difficult to achieve with uniform accuracy and reliability. Care is needed in selecting the measurement sensors and instrumentation to achieve an acceptable degree of accuracy. When the experiments are planned to answer specific questions or to confirm expected responses, the degree of accuracy needed is pre-determined. Proper calibration coupled with appropriate selection of materials can improve the reliability of the measurements, enhance the accuracy achieved, and ensure that the installation has the durability to survive for as long as is needed by the experiment. The field and laboratory experience of the authors in undertaking HAM measurements, particularly those involving transient conditions arising from exposure to real weather, are the basis for the recommendations provided here. The limitations in both undertaking certain measurements and in the interpretation of some data are addressed. The complex of interactions related to the driving forces and changes in material properties prevents experimenters from attributing certain outcomes to particular theoretical assumptions. However, field studies are complementary to carefully executed laboratory studies. As the accuracy of theory increases, there will be an increased need for detailed and accurate field measurements.
Experimental Investigation of the Effect of Natural Convection on Heat Transfer in Mineral Wool
Authors: Dyrbøl Susanne , Svendsen Svend , Elmroth Arne 
Published: May 2003

In Denmark and a number of other countries convection in fibrous materials is considered non-existent when calculating heat transmission as well as when designing building structures. The current investigation serves to examine whether considering natural convection non-existent in fibrous materials is a fair assumption to use in present and future building structures. In order to facilitate the experimental work, an apparatus with a metering area of 3 × 1 m2 was designed for measuring the effect of convection. With this apparatus it is possible to measure a specimen with thickness ranging from 0.1 to 0.5 m. The contribution of natural convection to the total heat transfer has been experimentally examined for ‘‘perfectly’’ installed fibrous materials of different air-flow permeability and thermal conductivity. To support the interpretation of the measurements, the experimental work has been supplemented with numerical calculations. The measurements and the concurrent computations both show a clear convection-induced redistribution of the heat flow in the material. When measured from the hot side in the apparatus this occurs in the form of an increased heat flow, primarily through the lower part of the vertical structure, and a decreased heat flow primarily through the upper part. The risk of convection causing the total heat flow in the material to increase is primarily related to the highly permeable material (corresponding with low density). In the low permeable material the redistribution of the heat flow has no influence on the total heat flow through the material. However, the redistribution of the convection-induced heat flow is distinct at a material thickness of 0.2 m and a temperature gradient of 20 C across the material. This research has established that when the permeability reaches a certain level, convection is able to increase the total heat flow by more than three percent, which is considered here as a significant level raised above the uncertainty in the measurement, even under the most ideal conditions even at small temperature differences. This means that the commonly accepted assumption that convection is non-existent is invalid.