bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Health‐related behavior and the use of hormone replacement therapy
Authors: Csizmadi Ilona , Collet Jean‐Paul , Boivin Jean‐François , Hanley James A. , Benedetti Andrea 
Published: February 2004

AbstractPurposeTo study health‐related differences between hormone replacement therapy (HRT) users and nonusers among colorectal cases and women without diagnosed cancer.MethodsData from the Saskatchewan Health population‐based databases were used to ascertain the use of HRT, oral contraceptives (OCs), cardiovascular system (CVS) drugs, central nervous system (CNS) drugs, prescribed NSAIDs and vitamins among 3338 women diagnosed with colorectal cancer and 13 025 women without diagnosed cancer. Physician visits and sigmoidoscopy procedures were also determined.ResultsAmong women without diagnosed cancer, HRT was associated with CVS drugs (OR=1.23, 95%CI: 1.10–1.37), CNS drugs (OR=1.96, 95%CI: 1.72–2.23), other hormones (OR=1.12, 95%CI: 1.01–1.24), prescribed vitamins (OR= 1.37, 95%CI: 1.22–1.55), NSAIDs (OR=1.41, 95%CI: 1.18–1.68), having had a sigmoidoscopy 3–5 years prior to index dates (OR=1.33, 95%CI: 1.12–1.59) and 15 or more visits to physicians during the 5th year prior to assigned index date (OR=2.0, 95%CI: 1.77–2.35). Similar results were observed among women diagnosed with colorectal cancer, but HRT use was not associated with having had a sigmoidoscopy.ConclusionsHealth‐related characteristics of HRT users and nonusers are identified and described. Some of these factors may contribute to selection bias in studies examining the health benefits of HRT. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Determinants of drug utilisation in a Swedish municipality
Authors: Al‐Windi Ahmad , Elmfeldt Dag , Svärdsudd Kurt 
Published: February 2004

AbstractBackgroundThe cost for pharmaceuticals is rapidly increasing in most countries. Identification of the characteristics of the population that determine drug utilisation appears essential for the appropriate allocation of resources to caregivers. The primary aim of this study was to identify sociodemographic factors and measures of well‐being and disease that were independently related to the use of drugs, including herbal, and self‐care products in Håbo, a Swedish primary health care district. Another aim was to evaluate combinations of such factors that may improve the prediction of drug utilisation.MethodsA postal questionnaire was sent to a representative age‐stratified population sample from Håbo. Out of 1312 subjects in the population sample, 827 (63%) answered the questionnaire. The questionnaire contained questions on sociodemographic variables, well‐being and symptoms and use of drugs, herbal and self‐care products.ResultsChronic disease was the most important of several factors that identified users of drugs. Other important factors were female sex, poor perceived health, sick‐leave or disability pension and a high number of symptoms (complaint score). When combined, these variables could explain 18% of the use of prescribed pharmaceuticals using the logistic regression model.ConclusionSeveral sociodemographic characteristics as well as perceived health, complaint score and chronic disease were independently related to the use of drugs and self‐care products. The likelihood of using prescribed drugs was very high in subjects with a certain profile. Eighteen per cent of the use could be attributed to this profile. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Utilization of antimicrobials in Rijeka (Croatia)
Authors: Vlahović‐Palčevski Vera , Francetić Igor , Palčevski Goran , Rosovic‐Bazijanac Vesna 
Published: February 2004

AbstractPurposeIn this study, the extent and pattern of inpatient and outpatient antimicrobial drug use was investigated in Rijeka, Croatia, and the impact of control measures was evaluated.MethodsConsumption of antibacterials for the years 2000 and 2001 was monitored using the ATC/DDD methodology.ResultsDuring the investigation period, the antimicrobial utilization at the University Hospital Center (UHC) Rijeka has decreased by 14%. In the outpatient setting of the County of Primorje and Gorski kotar, the antimicrobial utilization was similar during both years. At the UHC Rijeka, not only the amount, but the pattern of antibacterial utilization also has changed in contrast to the outpatient setting where the pattern of antimicrobial prescribing remained the same.ConclusionsThe control measures for antibiotic use that were introduced in the outpatient setting did not influence the prescribing habit of primary care physicians, while the impact of hospital antibiotic use control measures was satisfactory. Further investigation is needed to evaluate the impact of these measures on bacterial resistance patterns. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Medication‐related problems commonly occurring in an Australian community setting
Authors: Roughead E. E. , Barratt J. D. , Gilbert A.L. 
Published: February 2004

AbstractPurposeThis study characterised medication‐related problems in 1000 Australian patients living in the community, and who were considered at risk of medication misadventure.MethodsA review was undertaken of 1000 clinical case notes, developed during the delivery of medication management reviews. Patient demographics, medications used, medical conditions and medication‐related problems were categorised according to established classification systems. Descriptive analyses were undertaken.ResultsOverall, 2222 problems were identified. Ninety per cent of patients had at least one medication‐related problem. One in three people were found to require additional monitoring, one in four required additional medication, one in four were using the wrong or inappropriate medication and one in five were using insufficient medication. Cardiovascular, nervous system, alimentary and respiratory medicines were most commonly implicated, accounting for 69% of the medication‐related problems.ConclusionThis analysis reveals the need for ongoing vigilance of, and support for, people at high risk of medication misadventure. This information is also useful for informing the design of public health or health promotion strategies aiming to reduce the prevalence of these problems. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A preliminary investigation of an early intervention program: Examining the intervention effectiveness of the Bracken Concept Development Program and the Bracken Basic Concept Scale‐Revised with Head Start students
Authors: Wilson Patti 
Published: February 2004

AbstractThis research study evaluated the efficacy of the Bracken Basic Concept Scale‐Revised (BBCS‐R; Bracken, 1998) and the Bracken Concept Development Program (BCDP; Bracken, 1986a) in a test‐teach‐test paradigm with students from a Head Start program. Prior to the intervention, 54 children were administered the BBCS‐R and were divided into three groups, two of which received basic concept instruction. Once the intervention was completed, the children were reassessed with the BBCS‐R. Posttest scores were calculated for each BBCS‐R subtest and the Total Test and School Readiness Composites after controlling for the pretest scores. A MANOVA and sequential ANOVAs were conducted and proved a significantly higher performance of the two intervention groups compared to the control group. Effect sizes for five of the six BBCS‐R subtests were classified as large, with the sixth (Time/Sequence) classified as medium. Discriminant function coefficients found that the Texture/Material subtest contributed the most to the detection of differences between the groups. However, no significant difference between the two intervention groups was found. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Psychol Schs 41: 301–311, 2004.
Perfectionism and children's self‐concept: Further validation of the Adaptive/Maladaptive Perfectionism Scale
Authors: Rice Kenneth G. , Kubal Anne E. , Preusser Karen J. 
Published: February 2004

AbstractThe Adaptive/Maladaptive Perfectionism Scale (AMPS) for children measures different dimensions of perfectionism. In this study, subscales derived from the AMPS were compared with results of the Piers‐Harris Self‐Concept Scale (PHSCS) in a sample of fourth‐ and fifth‐grade students (9 to 11 years old). The AMPS dimensions accounted for significant variation in PHSCS scores for both boys and girls, though the specific patterns of results differed between the sexes. For boys but not girls, greater sensitivity about making mistakes was only problematic, in terms of predicting negative aspects of self‐concept, under conditions of lower self‐esteem. Results provided additional psychometric support for the AMPS and revealed important considerations for assessment and intervention with perfectionistic children. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Psychol Schs 41: 279–290, 2004.
A multivariate examination of parent involvement and the social and academic competencies of urban kindergarten children
Authors: McWayne Christine , Hampton Virginia , Fantuzzo John , Cohen Heather L. , Sekino Yumiko 
Published: February 2004

AbstractThe primary objective of this study was to obtain a multidimensional picture of parent involvement in kindergarten. Participants in this study were 307 low‐income, ethnic minority children and their primary caregivers in a large, urban school district in the Northeast. Results revealed that kindergarten parent involvement dimensions (i.e., from the Parent Involvement in Children's Education Scale; Fantuzzo, Tighe, McWayne, Davis, & Childs, 2002) were congruent with those established with preschool (Head Start) parents. Multivariate relationships were found between kindergarten parent involvement dimensions and children's social and academic competencies. Parents who actively promote learning in the home, have direct and regular contact with school, and experience fewer barriers to involvement have children who demonstrate positive engagement with their peers, adults, and learning. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Psychol Schs 41: 363–377, 2004.
The accuracy of teacher reports in the identification of middle school students with depressive symptomatology
Authors: Auger Richard W. 
Published: February 2004

AbstractThis investigation examined the ability of teachers to identify depressive characteristics among middle school students. Participants were 356 students and 52 teachers. Teachers' perceptions of students' depressive characteristics were obtained via Likert ratings and nominations of students the teachers judged to be depressed. The depressive status of students was evaluated with a multiple‐gating procedure using the Reynolds Adolescent Depression Scale (Reynolds, 1987) as an initial measure and the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children, Edition IV as a final measure. A correlation of .22 (p < .001) was obtained between teachers' ratings of student depression and students' self‐reported depressed moods. Further analyses examined teachers' ability to identify high‐depression students, as well as the impact of teacher and student variables on teachers' ability to discern students' depressed moods. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Psychol Schs 41: 379–389, 2004.
An examination of the criterion validity and sensitivity to brief intervention of alternate curriculum‐based measures of writing skill
Authors: Gansle Kristin A. , Noell George H. , Vanderheyden Amanda M. , Slider Natalie J. , Hoffpauir Leila D. , Whitmarsh Ernest L. , Naquin Gale M. 
Published: February 2004

AbstractCurriculum‐based measures have been validated for use in evaluating reading, mathematics, and writing skills (Marston, 1989). Despite its common use by school psychologists (Wilson & Reschly, 1996), the relationship between the Woodcock Johnson‐Revised and curriculum‐based measures of writing has not been evaluated. This study investigated the relationship between the Woodcock Johnson‐Revised Writing Samples subtest and alternate curriculum‐based measures of written expression. In addition, the sensitivity of the measures to the effects of a short group writing intervention was assessed. Forty‐five third and fourth graders participated in an intervention that consisted of brainstorming ideas, presenting those ideas on a dry‐erase board, and writing a complete sentence on paper with writing quality feedback before completing a CBM (curriculum‐based measurement) writing passage. Numbers of words written as well as five alternate measures of writing samples were used to assess the effects of the intervention. The intervention had a positive effect on total words written. Total punctuation marks, simple sentences, and words in complete sentences emerged as the best predictors of the Woodcock Johnson‐Revised Writing Samples subtest scores in regression analyses. The implications of the analyses, limitations of the study, and directions for future research are discussed. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Psychol Schs 41: 291–300, 2004.
Using a whole‐class token economy and coaching of teacher skills in a preschool classroom to manage disruptive behavior
Authors: Filcheck Holly A. , McNeil Cheryl B. , Greco Laurie A. , Bernard Rebecca S. 
Published: February 2004

AbstractThe Level System is a whole‐classroom approach for managing disruptive behavior that utilizes behavioral management strategies such as a token economy, response cost, stimulating rewards, and strategic attention. Using an ABACC′ treatment comparison design with follow‐up, this study evaluated the effectiveness of the Level System in a preschool classroom compared to (a) strategies already employed by the teacher, and (b) coaching the teacher in the Child‐Directed Interaction (CDI) and Parent‐Directed Interaction (PDI) phases of Parent–Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT). Teacher‐ and parent‐report measures were administered, and behavioral observation data were collected for child and teacher behavior using videotapes. Results suggested that the amount of inappropriate behavior exhibited by children decreased when the Level System was implemented. Additionally, inappropriate behavior decreased further during the CDI and PDI conditions. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Psychol Schs 41: 351–361, 2004.
The role of disclosure patterns and unsupportive social interactions in the well‐being of breast cancer patients
Authors: Figueiredo Melissa I. , Fries Elizabeth , Ingram Kathleen M. 
Published: February 2004

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to examine the nature and potential effects of disclosure patterns and unsupportive social interactions in breast cancer patients. Disclosure, the thoughts and feelings people communicate to others, and unsupportive social interactions, the upsetting or unsupportive responses people receive from others, have been infrequently studied in breast cancer patients. Sixty‐six early stage breast cancer patients diagnosed less than one year completed a written questionnaire. Results indicated that the women reported confiding in family and friends more than in mental health workers. Fears of recurrence and worries about the effects of the illness on family members were the most important concerns, whereas concerns about body image were the least troublesome. Failure to disclose concerns was associated with low social support, high unsupportive social interactions, and low emotional well‐being. Most of the unsupportive responses received from other people were either behaviors of minimizing or distancing. Unsupportive reactions were significantly associated with greater role limitations due to emotional problems and decreased social functioning. Implications for interventions and future research are discussed. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The talking touchscreen: A new approach to outcomes assessment in low literacy
Authors: Hahn Elizabeth A. , Cella David , Dobrez Deborah , Shiomoto Gail , Marcus Elizabeth , Taylor Samuel G. , Vohra Mala , Chang Chih‐Hung , Wright Benjamin D. , Linacre John M. , Weiss Barry D. , Valenzuela Veronica , Chiang Hsaio‐Lin , Webster Kimberly 
Published: February 2004

AbstractPurpose. Cancer patients who are deficient in literacy skills are particularly vulnerable to experiencing different outcomes due to disparities in care or barriers to care. Outcomes measurement in low literacy patients may provide new insight into problems previously undetected due to the challenges of completing paper‐and‐pencil forms.Description of study. A multimedia program was developed to provide a quality of life assessment platform that would be acceptable to patients with varying literacy skills and computer experience. One item at a time is presented on the computer touchscreen, accompanied by a recorded reading of the question. Various colors, fonts and graphic images are used to enhance visibility, and a small picture icon appears near each text element allowing patients to replay the sound as many times as they wish. Evaluation questions are presented to assess patient burden and preferences.Results. An ethnically diverse group of 126 cancer patients with a range of literacy skills and computer experience reported that the ‘talking touchscreen’ (TT) was easy to use, and commented on the usefulness of the multimedia approach.Clinical implications. The TT is a practical, user‐friendly data acquisition method that provides greater opportunities to measure self‐reported outcomes in patients with a range of literacy skills. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mixing and Segregation in Multi‐component Liquid Fluidized Beds
Authors: Rasul Mohammad G. 
Published: February 2004

AbstractThe mechanism causing mixing and segregation of multi‐component fluidized systems consisting of both density and size variant particle mixtures is presented. The validity of the model is demonstrated with the experimental results of three‐component (ternary) liquid fluidized systems. Ternary bed fluidized systems separated into different mixed layers and a pure layer of excess component. Location of the stratified mixed layers and pure layer can be predicted from the mixture bulk density evaluation. The volume fractions of solids and fluid corresponding to each mixed layer can be theoretically predicted from the force balance applied to the particles in that layer knowing the systems physical properties.
DLS‐Based Fractal Analysis in Early Stage Gelation
Authors: Huber Michael M. , Klein Hermann , Ratke Lorenz 
Published: February 2004

AbstractThe fractal dimension of colloidal particles emerging from geling resorcinol/formaldehyde solutions is determined using a commercial apparatus for dynamic light scattering measurements. The method is considered particularly suited to quality control, e.g. in the production of colloid particles from sol‐gel processes.
Die ältesten Risiken der Welt
Authors: Romeike Frank 
Published: February 2004

AbstractLiest man aktuelle Artikel über Operationelle Risiken, so hat man das Gefühl, einer neuen Risiko‐Kategorie auf der Spur zu sein. Ein Blick in die Geschichte zeigt jedoch: Die Unsicherheit darüber, was die Zukunft bringen wird, führte in allen Kulturen und Epochen zu (Risk‐Management‐)Praktiken, die den Schleier der Ungewissheit zerreißen sollten. Dieser Schleier war vor allem aus Operationellen Risiken gewoben, den ältesten Risiken der Welt.
Risiko‐Kultur bei der Swisscom AG
Authors: Romeike Frank , Erben Roland Franz 
Published: February 2004

AbstractDie Telekommunikationsbranche gehört zweifellos zu den dynamischsten Wirtschaftsbereichen überhaupt. Aufgrund der rasanten technologischen Entwicklung und des scharfen Wettbewerbs ist dieser Sektor jedoch auch mit hohen Risiken behaftet. Dementsprechend kommt einem effektiven und effizienten Risikomanagement eine wichtige Bedeutung für die Sicherung und Steigerung des Unternehmenswerts zu. Swisscom — mit über 20.000 Mitarbeitern und einem Umsatz von knapp 9, 5 Mrd. Euro im Jahr 2002 einer der zehn größten Telekommunikationskonzerne in Europa — hat die Vorteile, die ein proaktives und ganzheitliches Risikomanagement bietet, schon sehr früh erkannt.
Licht ins Daten‐Dunkel
Authors: Heinicke Frank 
Published: February 2004

AbstractImmer mehr Unternehmen erkennen, welch große Bedeutung Operationellen Risiken zukommt. Eine aussagekräftige Analyse und ein wirkungsvolles Management dieser Risiko‐Kategorie sind ohne die Unterstützung durch geeignete Softwarelösungen kaum denkbar. Idealerweise sollte ein solches Tool dabei den gesamten Risikomanagement‐Prozess abbilden — vom Data Warehousing über die Definition des Datenmodells, der Risiko‐Erfassung und die Auswertung bis hin zum Reporting.
Auf nach Monte Carlo: Simulationsverfahren zur Risiko‐Aggregation
Authors: Gleißner Werner , Berger Thomas 
Published: February 2004

AbstractZielsetzung der Risiko‐Aggregation ist die auf die Risiko‐Analyse aufbauende Bestimmung des Gesamtrisikoumfangs. Mit der Monte‐Carlo‐Simulation als wichtigstes Verfahren der Risiko‐Aggregation wird anhand eines Fallbeispiels erklärt, wie Risiken aggregiert und daraus Eigenkapitalbedarf, Rating und Kapitalkostensätze bestimmt werden können.
Sandbank: Wie Barings & Co. Schiffbruch erlitten hat
Authors: Erben Roland Franz 
Published: February 2004

AbstractOperationelle Risken wurden in der Finanzwelt lange Zeit systematisch unterschätzt. Nicht zuletzt aufgrund der Diskussion um Basel II rückte diese Risiko‐Kategorie erst in den letzten Jahren in den Blickpunkt vieler Banken. Diese sträfliche Vernachlässigung mag — zumindest teilweise — dadurch begründet gewesen sein, dass zahlreiche Finanzinstitute ihre Verluste aus Operationellen Risiken nicht als solche erfasst bzw. erkannt haben, sondern die entstandenen Schäden schlichtweg anderen Risiko‐Klassen zuordneten. Wie der Untergang des britischen Bankhauses Barings zeigt, sind Operationelle Risiken aber häufig die eigentliche Ursache vieler Verluste, die sich dann letztlich an anderer Stelle manifestieren.
Kiss, „Keep It Simple, Stupid”︁: Interview mit Oliver‐Christopher Rochford und Peter Tippett
Authors: Erben Roland F. , Romeike Frank 
Published: February 2004

AbstractSeit der Programmierung des ersten Computervirus vor gut 25 Jahren vergeht kaum ein Tag, an dem uns nicht neue Schrecksmeldungen über Viren, Würmer, Trojaner und andere Störenfriede erreichen. Ihre Anzahl wächst ebenso schnell wie die Schäden, die sie verursachen. Nicht zu Unrecht steht das Thema IT‐Security deshalb ganz oben auf der Agenda vieler Risiko‐Manager. Um heraus zu finden, wie man diese Bedrohung in den Griff bekommt, haben wir mit einem Hacker und einem Fachmann für IT‐Security gesprochen. Das überraschende Ergebnis: Das Problem ist beherrschbar, wenn man ein paar einfache Regeln beherzigt. In einem Glossar erklären wir die wichtigsten Begriffe aus der Welt der Viren, Würmer und Trojaner.