bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neoplastic or inflammatory? A case report of Sweet syndrome with CD30+ cells in a patient with B‐lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Ehyaee Vida , Reddy Vijaya , Ahmed Aadil 
Published: September 2023

AbstractCD30+ cells are typically part of lymphoproliferative disorders but can also be seen in inflammatory dermatoses. We present a case of 47‐year‐old man with a history of B‐lymphoblastic leukemia (B‐ALL) who presented with fever, leukocytosis, and papulonodular skin lesions, involving the extremities and trunk. A punch biopsy specimen demonstrated papillary dermal edema with a neutrophilic and histiocytic infiltrate extending into the subcutis. The infiltrate also harbored scattered large cells that were positive for CD30 and demonstrated the immunohistochemical profile of monocytes. A diagnosis of histiocytoid Sweet syndrome with CD30+ cells was made. The case is unique, demonstrating a combination of Sweet syndrome variants with subcutis involvement, histiocytoid morphology, and large CD30+ cells. A prior history of B‐ALL and immunohistochemical profile of monocytes with immature morphology broadened the differential diagnosis and added to the diagnostic challenge.
Construction and application of dental virtual reality simulation teaching system in China: Necessity and strategies
Authors: Lu Junzhuo , Zhang Linglin , Ye Ling 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIntroductionFollowing worldwide progress in digital technology, the utilization of advanced technology to update the concept and mode of education has become an important way to improve the quality and scale of talent training. Adoption of virtual reality technology has a positive effect on dental education. Virtual reality technology has been introduced into Chinese dental education nearly 10 years ago, and a holistic teaching system that employs virtual simulation technology to assist instructors in teaching and students in learning has gradually been formed.Materials and MethodsBased on the work of the West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, we introduced the necessity and advantages of the application of virtual simulation technology in talent training in dentistry and the status of this teaching system.ResultsA virtual dental simulation teaching system was constructed and applied in China. Virtual reality technology was incorporated into the four elements of the teaching system. This reformed system carried out educational informatization in terms of the construction of a virtual simulation teaching platform, development of virtual simulation teaching resources, improvement of the student training model, and upgrading of teaching management.ConclusionThe holistic teaching system implemented at the West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, highlights the successful incorporation of virtual reality technology into various aspects of dental education. The construction of this system reflects the deep integration of modern information technology and dental education, with the aim of helping dental educators promote teaching methods and management model in the future.
Effects of invasive clam (Corbicula fluminea) die‐offs on the structure and functioning of freshwater ecosystems
Authors: Novais Adriana , Batista Daniela , Cássio Fernanda , Pascoal Cláudia , Sousa Ronaldo 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Freshwater ecosystems are highly susceptible to the impacts of global climate change, including extreme events such as floods and droughts. These impacts may be influenced by the presence of widespread invasive alien species, such as the Asian clam Corbicula fluminea (Cyrenidae).

The high density and biomass attained by C. fluminea in the Minho River (NW Iberian Peninsula) are responsible for several ecological impacts. By using a manipulative experiment under natural conditions, we assessed the effects of C. fluminea die‐offs on the structure of microbial (fungi and bacteria) and invertebrate communities and leaf‐litter breakdown.

Results suggested that C. fluminea die‐offs did not affect the structure of microbial and invertebrate communities nor litter breakdown rate. However, differences in temporal dynamics were detected and followed an ecological succession during the experiment.

Our study revealed that the presence of live C. fluminea stimulated fungal biomass and leaf mass loss, probably due to an increased availability of nutrients via production of faeces and pseudofaeces.
Size‐based interactions and trophic transfer efficiency are modified by fish predation and cyanobacteria blooms in Lake Mývatn, Iceland
Authors: Ersoy Zeynep , Jeppesen Erik , Sgarzi Serena , Arranz Ignasi , Cañedo‐Argüelles Miguel , Quintana Xavier D. , Landkildehus Frank , Lauridsen Torben L. , Bartrons Mireia , Brucet Sandra 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Trophic cascade studies have so far mostly focused on changes in the abundance, biomass, or average size of prey and predators. In contrast, individual size‐based interactions, playing a key role in the trophic structure and functioning of aquatic ecosystems, have been less explored.

We conducted a 3‐month in situ experiment in Lake Mývatn, Iceland, with two fish treatments (with and without fish, Gasterosteus aculeatus). After the first month of the experiment, Anabaena blooms appeared in the lake. We studied the effects of fish predation and occurrence of cyanobacteria blooms on the individual size structure (i.e. the distribution of the number of organisms over a size range) of zooplankton and phytoplankton. We also assessed the potential consequences for trophic transfer efficiency (TTE) (measured as the predator to prey biomass ratio) in the planktonic food web.

Our results showed that fish predation and cyanobacteria bloom had a negative relationship with size diversity of zooplankton, which became dominated by small‐sized individuals in both cases. The phytoplankton size diversity changed over time particularly due to the blooming of large‐sized Anabaena, and its increase was apparently mainly driven by changes in resources.

Low zooplankton size diversity related to fish predation reduced TTE, particularly in the enclosures with fish. This may be because low zooplankton size diversity represents a lower partition of resources among consumers, thereby decreasing the trophic energy transfer. With the occurrence of Anabaena bloom, high phytoplankton size diversity coincided with a lower energy transfer in all enclosures likely due to reduced zooplankton grazing when large‐sized colony‐forming Anabaena dominated.

In conclusion, our results indicate that both top‐down and bottom‐up forces significantly influence the size structure of planktonic communities. The changes in size structure were related to shifts in the energy transfer efficiency of the Lake Mývatn food web. Thus, our study underpins the importance of taking into account size‐based interactions in the study of trophic cascades, particularly in a warming climate where strong planktivorous fish predation and frequent cyanobacteria blooms may occur.
ETHNIC SEGREGATION DURING PUBLIC AND NATIONAL HOLIDAYS: A STUDY USING MOBILE PHONE DATA
Authors: Mooses Veronika , Silm Siiri , Ahas Rein 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACTThis paper contains an analysis of ethnic differences in activity locations during public and national holidays. Holidays relate to identity, and the celebration of holidays can be a very important part of acculturation processes and are therefore relevant to ethnic integration policies. We study the out‐of‐home nonemployment activity locations of 12,500 respondents in Estonia, using mobile phone positioning data. The results show that during holidays, ethnic segregation, measured using an index of dissimilarity, is significantly higher than it is on regular days, especially outside the capital city. The type of holiday, such as whether it is a national or international holiday, has a particular effect on people's spatial behaviour. On Estonian public holidays, Estonians are more likely to leave Tallinn than Russian speakers. There are 77 per cent more Estonians and 33 per cent more Russian speakers outside the capital than on non‐holidays. The paper depicts different temporal layers of segregation, which also indicates different integration potential in leisure spaces under various time frames.
A new, all‐encompassing aetiology of type 1 diabetes
Authors: de Groen Piet C. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe aetiology of type 1 diabetes (T1D) is considered multifactorial with the contribution of the MHC on chromosome 6 being most important. Multiple factors also contribute to the aetiology of colorectal neoplasia, but the final event causing the change from normal mucosa to polyp and from polyp to cancer is due to a single somatic mutation event. Repeated formation of colorectal neoplasia within an at‐risk population results in a predictable, tapering, exponential neoplasia distribution. Critical mutations driving colorectal neoplasia formation occur in mutation‐prone DNA. These observations led to three hypotheses related to T1D. First, a single somatic mutation within the MHC of antigen presenting cells results in a change in phenotype from normal to T1D. Second, the distribution of additional autoimmune diseases (AAIDs) among persons with T1D adheres to a predictable, tapering, exponential distribution. And third, critical mutations driving development of T1D occur in mutation‐prone DNA. To address the hypotheses in an orderly fashion, a new analytical method called genome‐wide aetiology analysis (GWEA) consisting of nine steps is presented. All data required for GWEA of T1D are obtained from peer‐reviewed publications or publicly available genome and proteome databases. Critical GWEA steps include AAID distribution among persons with T1D, analysis of at‐risk HLA loci for mutation‐prone DNA, determination of the role of non‐MHC genes on GWAS, and verification of human data by cell culture or animal experiments. GWEA results show that distribution of AAID among persons with T1D adheres to a predictable, tapering, exponential distribution. A single, critical, somatic mutation within the epitope‐binding groove of at‐risk HLA loci alters HLA‐insulin‐peptide‐T‐cell‐receptor (TCR) complex binding affinity and creates a new pathway that leads to loss of self‐tolerance. The at‐risk HLA loci, in particular binding pockets P1, P4 and P9, are encoded by mutation‐prone DNA: GC‐rich DNA sequence and somatic hypermutation hotspots. All other genes on GWAS can but do not have to amplify the new autoimmune pathway by facilitating DNA mutations, changing peptide binding affinity, reducing signal inhibition or augmenting signal intensity. Animal experiments agree with human studies. In conclusion, T1D is caused by a somatic mutation within the epitope‐binding groove of an at‐risk HLA gene that affects HLA‐insulin‐peptide‐TCR complex binding affinity and initiates an autoimmune pathway. The nature of the peptide that binds to a mutated epitope‐binding groove of an at‐risk HLA gene determines the type of autoimmune disease that develops, that is, one at‐risk HLA locus, multiple autoimmune diseases. Thus, T1D and AAIDs, and therefore common autoimmune diseases, share a similar somatic mutation‐based aetiology.
Still part of the game—corporatism and political exchanges in two small states
Authors: Mailand Mikkel 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis study of Danish and Dutch work and welfare policies since the Great Recession questions the dominant picture of trade unions as being too weak and irrelevant for tripartite regulation. The frequency of tripartite agreements has not decreased, and social partners are still able to obtain important concessions. In addition to well‐described resources, the article shows that trade unions and employers' organizations offer governments financial resources and access to workplaces in political exchanges, which helps explain corporatist resilience. Only limited support was found for well‐known drivers other than economic crises as explanations for changes over time in tripartism.
Model transferability and predicted response of a dryland anuran to climate change in the Southwest United States
Authors: de Albuquerque Fabio Suzart , Bateman Heather L. , Ryan Mason J. , Montgomery Brett 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAimWe propose a combined approach to explore the model transferability and the effect of climate change on habitat suitability.LocationSouthwest United States.TaxonAmphibians; Anura; Bufonidae; Anaxyrus microscaphus.MethodsTo assess the impacts of climate change on A. microscaphus, we obtained 3162 records from the Arizona Game and Fish Department. We classified occurrence records data into six historical groups (from 1960 to 2018) and a contemporary group (from 2019 to 2022). We investigated the ability of historical data to generate accurate predictions of the species' contemporary distribution. We used species distribution modelling to compute habitat suitability values and identified spatial clusters of high suitability values (using hotspot analyses).ResultsWe show that historical occurrences successfully predicted the contemporary distribution of A. microscaphus. We demonstrate that the geographical distribution of contemporary hotspots is strongly related to precipitation of the wettest quarter. This research provides evidence that climate change will likely affect the distribution of hotspots and the habitat suitability of A. microscaphus. Losses of 37%–48% contraction are expected at the margins of the range both in the north and south of the geographic limits.Main ConclusionsWe show that recent past data can be used to predict contemporary species distribution accurately. We highlight that habitat suitability values of A. microscaphus are strongly related to climate, topography and distance to streams. This study provides clear evidence of the negative impacts of climate change on habitat suitability in the Southwest United States drylands. Our approach has applied utility to managers to target survey areas, monitor habitat changes, plan for conservation mitigation measures, conserve stream flows across the species' range and inform recovery if needed. Thus, managers could use previously collected data to predict contemporary species distribution when their occurrence accurately characterizes the species' ecological niche.
The oncogenic role of SAMMSON lncRNA in tumorigenesis: A comprehensive review with especial focus on melanoma
Authors: Ghasemian Majid , Babaahmadi‐Rezaei Hossein , Khedri Azam , Selvaraj Chandrabose 
Published: September 2023

AbstractLncRNA Survival Associated Mitochondrial Melanoma Specific Oncogenic Non‐coding RNA (SAMMSON) is located on human chromosome 3p13, and its expression is upregulated in several tumours, including melanoma, breast cancer, glioblastoma and liver cancer and has an oncogenic role in malignancy disorders. It has been reported that SAMMSON impacts metabolic regulation, cell proliferation, apoptosis, EMT, drug resistance, invasion and migration. Also, SAMMSON is involved in regulating several pathways such as Wnt, MAPK, PI3K, Akt, ERK and p53. SAMMSON is considered a potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in several types of cancer and a suitable therapeutic target. In addition, the highly expressed SAMMSON is closely associated with clinicopathological features of various cancers. SAMMSON has a significant role in regulating epigenetic processes by regulating histone protein or the status of DNA methylation. Herein for the first time, we comprehensively summarized the currently available SAMMSON, molecular regulatory pathways, and clinical significance. We believe that clarifying all the molecular aspects of this lncRNA can be a good guide for cancer studies in the future.
Non‐directed (altruistic) kidney donation: Altruism or insurance policy?
Authors: Armitage Richard C. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIntroductionSince non‐directed (altruistic) kidney donors do not stand to benefit from the lengthening and strengthening of a relationship that they intrinsically value, their donations are considered to constitute the most altruistic variety of living kidney donation.MethodologyThis paper uses publicly‐available data to assess the expected value that accrues to the donor of altruistic kidney donation.FindingsCompared to healthy non‐donors, living kidney donors experience only marginally increased absolute risks of poor physical health outcomes, and no difference in important psychosocial health outcomes. Crucially, the chance of requiring a kidney donation is only marginally increased by becoming a living kidney donor. In the United Kingdom, previous living kidney donors that subsequently become in need of any organ donation (not only kidneys) themselves are considered priority patients for these donations. They consequently experience shorter waiting times for these organs and reduced exposure to the inherently harmful effects of dialysis therapy (if a kidney donation is required) compared to non‐donors in need of organ donation. As such, while key data points required to compute an accurate and complete expected value calculation are unavailable, it is likely that the additional risk incurred by becoming a living kidney donor is outweighed by the benefit of being considered a priority patient for the donation of any type of organ in the event that this is needed.ConclusionAccordingly, the expected value of becoming a living kidney donor is likely to be positive, meaning the act of doing so may be considered akin to the taking out of an insurance policy. In the context of non‐directed (altruistic) kidney donation, this may diminish the extent to which such a donation is considered altruistic.
Measuring urban waterlogging depths from video images based on reference objects
Authors: Gao Kai , Yang Zhiyong , Gao Xichao , Shao Weiwei , Wei Haokun , Xu Tianyin 
Published: September 2023

AbstractCamera surveillance systems can record urban waterlogging processes. Objects with regular shapes and fixed sizes captured by the camera can be utilized to calculate urban waterlogging depths based on geometric principles. In this study, we propose a machine learning‐based method to measure urban waterlogging depths using wheels and traffic buckets captured in video images as reference objects. This method is validated through laboratory experiments and observed data. The results demonstrate that: (1) the urban waterlogging depths calculated using urban reference objects show high consistency with the observed water level data; (2) in the laboratory scenario, the probability of error within 3 cm for measurements based on the hub, tire, and traffic bucket are 99.07%, 99.38%, and 81.55%, respectively; (3) in the real‐world scenario, the probability of error within 3 cm for measurements based on car hubs and pickup truck hubs are 97.30% and 95.14%, respectively. In conclusion, urban waterlogging depths can be accurately measured using reference objects with regular shapes. The proposed method can help obtain waterlogging data with higher temporal and spatial resolution at lower economic costs, which is of great significance for urban flood control.
Risk of recurrent advanced colorectal neoplasia in individuals with baseline non‐advanced neoplasia followed up at 5 vs 7–10 years
Authors: Wong Martin C. S. , Leung Eman Yee‐man , Chun Sam C. C. , Deng Yunyang , Lam Thomas , Tang Raymond S. Y. , Huang Junjie 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackground and AimColorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the commonest cancers, especially among the Asian populations. We compared the recurrence rate of advanced colorectal neoplasia (ACN) at 5 year vs 7–10 years among individuals with non‐advanced adenoma (NAA) detected and polypectomized at baseline colonoscopy in a large Chinese population.MethodsWe extracted data of a large Chinese population with NAA polypectomized who received surveillance colonoscopy after 5 or 7–10 years from a large database (2008–2018). The outcome variable included recurrence of ACN at surveillance colonoscopy. We examined the association between length of surveillance and the outcome variable, whilst controlling for risk factors of colorectal cancer.ResultsWe include 109 768 subjects who have received a baseline colonoscopy from our dataset. They were aged 67.35 (SD 9.84) years, and 60.9% of them were male subjects. The crude 5‐year and 10‐year recurrence rate of ACN was 1.50% and 2.42%, respectively (crude odds ratio = 1.629, 95% CI 1.362 to 1.949, P < 0.001). From the binary logistic regression model, individuals with surveillance colonoscopy performed at 10 years had a statistically higher recurrence rate of ACN than those followed‐up at 5 year (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.544, 95% CI 1.266 to 1.877, P < 0.001), but the effect size of aOR is small.ConclusionsThere is a small difference in recurrence of ACN between individuals who received colonoscopy workup at 5 years vs 7–10 years. These findings support a 7–10 years surveillance period after baseline NAA was polypectomized.
Impact of vitamin D deficiency on mortality in patients with hip fracture: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Llombart Rafael , Mariscal Gonzalo , Barrios Carlos , de la Rubia Ortí Jose Enrique , Llombart‐Ais Rafael 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundVitamin D deficiency has been linked to numerous health issues, including an increased risk of hip fractures. This meta‐analysis aimed to investigate the relationship between vitamin D deficiency and mortality in patients with hip fracture. To assess the impact of different levels of vitamin D deficiency on mortality in patients with hip fractures and examine the influence of potential confounding factors.MethodsA systematic search of PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, and Cochrane Collaboration Library was conducted, resulting in nine eligible cohort studies (n = 4409). Patients with hip fractures were categorized based on their vitamin D levels as severe, moderate, or insufficient. Mortality was the primary outcome measure in this study. Subgroup analyses were performed according to the follow‐up time. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using a random‐effects model in Review Manager 5.4.ResultsNine studies, with a pool of 4409 patients, were included. Vitamin D insufficiency was significantly associated with increased mortality (OR 1.24, 95% CI 1.05–1.46; I2 = 4%). Severe deficiency also led to a significant increase in mortality (OR 2.08, 95% CI 1.09–3.97; I2 = 42%), whereas moderate deficiency did not show a significant effect (OR 1.06, 95% CI 0.79–1.44; I2 = 0%). Subgroup analysis revealed significant associations between vitamin D insufficiency and increased mortality at 1‐year (OR 1.37, 95% CI 1.06–1.77) and 2‐year follow‐ups (OR 1.78, 95% CI 1.01–3.15). After adjusting for potential confounders, no significant increase in the mortality rate was observed.ConclusionsThis meta‐analysis suggests that vitamin D insufficiency and severe deficiency are associated with increased mortality in patients with hip fracture. However, after adjusting for confounding factors, this association was not statistically significant. Further research is necessary to understand the role of vitamin D deficiency in this population.