bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unraveling the relations between post-traumatic stress symptoms, neurocognitive functioning, and limbic white matter in pediatric brain tumor patients
Authors: Leenders Anne E M , Kremer-Hooft van Huijsduijnen Eva , Robalo Bruno , van Male Rosa , De Luca Alberto , Kemps Rachèl , Hoving Eelco , Lequin Maarten H , Grootenhuis Martha A , Partanen Marita 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundPediatric brain tumor patients are at risk of developing neurocognitive impairments and associated white matter alterations. In other populations, post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) impact cognition and white matter. This study aims to investigate the effect of PTSS on neurocognitive functioning and limbic white matter in pediatric brain tumor patients.MethodsSixty-six patients (6–16 years) completed neuropsychological assessment and brain MRI (1-year post-diagnosis) and parents completed PTSS proxy questionnaires (CRIES-13; 1–3 months and 1-year post-diagnosis). Mean Z-scores and percentage impaired (&gt;1SD) for attention, processing speed, executive functioning, and memory were compared to normscores (t-tests, chi-square tests). Multi-shell diffusion MRI data were analyzed for white matter tractography (fractional anisotropy/axial diffusivity). Effects of PTSS on neurocognition and white matter were explored with linear regression models (FDR correction for multiple testing), including age at diagnosis, treatment intensity, and tumor location as covariates. Neurocognition and limbic white matter associations were explored with correlations.ResultsAttention (M = −0.49, 33% impaired; P &lt; .05) and processing speed (M = −0.57, 34% impaired; P &lt; .05) were significantly lower than healthy peers. PTSS was associated with poorer processing speed (β = −0.64, P &lt; .01). Treatment intensity, age at diagnosis, and tumor location, but not PTSS, were associated with limbic white matter metrics. Neurocognition and white matter metrics were not associated.ConclusionsHigher PTSS was associated with poorer processing speed, highlighting the need for monitoring, and timely referrals to optimize psychological well-being and neurocognitive functioning. Future research should focus on longitudinal follow-up and explore the impact of PTSS interventions on neurocognitive performance.
Chronic chikungunya disease (CCD): clinical insights, immunopathogenesis and therapeutic perspectives
Authors: Ng W H , Amaral K , Javelle E , Mahalingam S 
Published: February 2024

AbstractChikungunya virus, an arthropod-borne pathogen is recognized by the World Health Organization as a top priority Emerging Infectious Disease and is ranked fourth in public health needs according to the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations. Despite its substantial impact, as evidenced by an annual estimate of 120 274 disability-adjusted life years, our understanding of the chronic aspects of chikungunya disease remains limited. This review focuses on chronic chikungunya disease, emphasizing its clinical manifestations, immunopathogenesis, therapeutic options and disease burden.
“It’s Tough to Be a Black Man with Schizophrenia”: Randomized Controlled Trial of a Brief Video Intervention to Reduce Public Stigma
Authors: Amsalem Doron , Jankowski Samantha E , Pagdon Shannon , Smith Stephen , Yang Lawrence H , Valeri Linda , Markowitz John C , Lewis-Fernández Roberto , Dixon Lisa B 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background and Hypothesis
Racial discrimination and public stigma toward Black individuals living with schizophrenia create disparities in treatment-seeking and engagement. Brief, social-contact-based video interventions efficaciously reduce stigma. It remains unclear whether including racial identity experiences in video narrative yields greater stigma reduction. We hypothesized that we would replicate findings showing sustained stigma reduction in video-intervention groups vs control and that Black participants would show greater stigma reduction and emotional engagement than non-Black participants only for a racial-insights video presenting a Black protagonist.

Study Design
Recruiting using a crowdsourcing platform, we randomized 1351 participants ages 18–30 to (a) brief video-based intervention, (b) racial-insights-focused brief video, or (c) non-intervention control, with baseline, post-intervention, and 30-day follow-up assessments. In 2-minute videos, a young Black protagonist described symptoms, personal struggles, and recovery from schizophrenia, with or without mentioning race-related experiences.

Study Results
A 3 × 3 ANOVA showed a significant group-by-time interaction for total scores of each of five stigma-related domains: social distance, stereotyping, separateness, social restriction, and perceived recovery (all P &lt; .001). Linear mixed modeling showed a greater reduction in stigma from baseline to post-intervention among Black than non-Black participants in the racial insights video group for the social distance and social restriction domains.

Conclusions
This randomized controlled trial replicated and expanded previous findings, showing the anti-stigma effects of a brief video tailored to race-related experiences. This underscores the importance of personalized, culturally relevant narratives, especially for marginalized groups who, more attuned to prejudice and discrimination, may particularly value identification and solidarity. Future studies should explore mediators/moderators to improve intervention efficacy.
How Discrimination Narratives Resolve Ambiguity: The Case of Islamophobia in Quebec
Authors: Doering Jan 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Discrimination frequently appears in ambiguous rather than overt forms. How do individuals manage the challenges associated with ambiguous discrimination, such as classifying incidents of negative but ambiguous treatment? Building on studies of microaggressions and perceived discrimination, this article develops an explanation rooted in a novel theory of discrimination narratives. Discrimination narratives express collective beliefs about discrimination’s patterns and features, which enable individuals to resolve ambiguity in their personal experiences and expectations. Based on a study of perceived Islamophobia in the Canadian province of Quebec, the article describes one common discrimination narrative and uncovers how Muslim Quebecers use it to 1) classify negative but ambiguous treatment by imputing missing information; (2) direct their attention to social situations they perceive to be high-risk; and (3) adjust to anticipated patterns in discrimination. Implications for research on ambiguity, microaggressions, perceived discrimination, and narratives are discussed.
In vivo toxicological assessment of silver nanoparticle in edible fish, Oreochromis mossambicus
Authors: Sivan Gisha , Pamanji Rajesh , Koigoora Srikanth , Joseph Nimila , Selvin Joseph 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Silver nanoparticles are the extensively utilized among all nanoparticles due to their antibacterial and wound healing properties making them highly suitable for medical and pharmaceutical applications. The field of nanoparticle toxicity is an emerging field and the present study aims to assess the biochemical, hematological and genotoxicity in Oreochromis mossambicus exposed to different concentrations of silver nanoparticles for 7 and 14 days. Silver nanoparticles were synthesized by reduction of silver nitrate using trisodium citrate and was characterized using X-ray diffraction, SEM, HRTEM and DLS. Hematological parameters like RBC, WBC, Hb, HCT and MCV and for biochemical analysis, antioxidant enzymes SOD, CAT and GPX and serum enzymes AST, ALT, ACP, ALP and LDH were analyzed. Genotoxicity was studied using comet assay. Results obtained showed decrease in erythrocytes, HCT, Hb and MCV while an increase was noted in WBC on day 7 and 14. The antioxidant enzymes SOD, CAT and GPx showed a decrease and the lipid peroxidation product MDA was elevated. The serum enzymes AST, ALT, ACP ALP and LDH showed an increased activity when compared to control. DNA damage was evident by an increase in % TDNA. The results indicate hematological, biochemical and genotoxicity of silver nanoparticles that might be mediated through ROS generation in O. mossambicus.
Increasing the theropod record of Europe: a new basal spinosaurid from the Enciso Group of the Cameros Basin (La Rioja, Spain). Evolutionary implications and palaeobiodiversity
Authors: Isasmendi Erik , Cuesta Elena , Díaz-Martínez Ignacio , Company Julio , Sáez-Benito Patxi , Viera Luis I , Torices Angelica , Pereda-Suberbiola Xabier 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
A new member of Spinosauridae from the Enciso Group (uppermost Barremian–lower Aptian) from Igea (La Rioja, Spain) is here erected on the basis of axial, pelvic girdle, and hindlimb elements that exhibit a unique combination of characters. Riojavenatrix lacustris gen. et sp. nov. is one of the latest Iberian and European spinosaurid taxa. It retains a triangular pubic boot, like the megalosaurids, and a medial condyle of the femur that shows a transitional stage between the anteroposteriorly oriented long axis of non-spinosaurid theropods and the posteromedially oriented long axis of Spinosauridae. The spinosaurid record of Iberia ranges from the late Hauterivian–early Barremian to the latest Barremian–early Aptian so far, and both the oldest and the most recent evidence comes from the Cameros Basin, where spinosaurid remains are especially abundant in the Barremian deposits. A review of the spinosaurid record has allowed us to dismiss the presence of the genus Baryonyx from Iberia; hence, only Camarillasaurus, Iberospinus, Protathlitis, Riojavenatrix gen. nov., and Vallibonavenatrix are considered to be present in the Early Cretaceous of Iberia. According to this study, Riojavenatrix is one of the youngest baryonychines in the fossil record.
Th2 cells in rapid immune responses and protective avoidance reactions
Authors: Goetzl Edward J. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractType 2 helper cells (Th2 cells) differentiate from CD4 helper T cells under the influence of IL‐4 and conventional or monocyte‐derived CD11b+ dendritic cells. Th2 cells are capable of generating IL‐4, IL‐5, and IL‐13, as well as evoking immunoglobulin class‐switch to IgE. Three types of rapid immune responses are Th2 cell‐dependent: (1) mast cell‐IgE mediated allergic reactions, (2) Th2 cell‐derived cytokine‐mediated reactions that complement allergic reactions and protect the host from toxins, xenobiotics, environmental irritants, and helminthic parasites, and (3) IgE‐stimulated mast cell‐derived cysteinyl‐leukotriene mediated avoidance of toxins. The contributions of Th2 cell‐derived cytokines to eosinophilia (IL‐5), IgE class‐switch, and epithelial barrier activation, mucous secretion, and metaplasia (IL‐4 and IL‐13) in asthma, allergic rhinitis with polyps and atopic dermatitis have led to anti‐cytokine monoclonal antibody treatments. Anti‐IL‐5 neutralizing monoclonal antibody in asthma and anti‐IL‐4/IL‐13 receptor neutralizing monoclonal antibody in asthma and atopic dermatitis are proven successful therapies in appropriately selected patients who are not sufficiently improved by conventional treatments.
Efficacy of therapies for post dural puncture headache
Authors: Thon Jan N. , Weigand Markus A. , Kranke Peter , Siegler Benedikt H. 
Published: February 2024

Purpose of reviewClinical management of postdural puncture headache (PDPH) remains an interdisciplinary challenge with significant impact on both morbidity and quality of life. This review aims to give an overview of the most recent literature on prophylactic and therapeutic measures and to discuss novel findings with regard to currently published consensus practice guideline recommendations.Recent findingsAlthough current evidence does not support a recommendation of any specific prophylactic measure, new data is available on the use of intrathecal catheters to prevent PDPH and/or to avoid invasive procedures. In case of disabling or refractory symptoms despite conservative treatments, the epidural blood patch (EBP) remains the therapeutic gold standard and its use should not be delayed in the absence of contraindications. However, recent clinical studies and meta-analyses provide additional findings on the therapeutic use of local anesthetics as potential noninvasive alternatives for early symptom control.SummaryThere is continuing research focusing on both prophylactic and therapeutic measures offering promising data on potential alternatives to invasive procedures, although there is currently no treatment option that comes close to the effectiveness of an EBP. A better understanding of PDPH pathophysiology is not only necessary to identify new therapeutic targets, but also to recognize patients who benefit most from current treatments, as this might enhance their therapeutic efficacy.
Stapled End-To-Side Ileocolic Anastomosis in Crohn’s Disease: Old Dog, Reliable Tricks? A Retrospective Two-Center Cohort Study
Authors: Doğru Volkan , Ashburn Jean H. , Akova Umut , Sutter Alton G. , Esen Eren , Gardner Emily M. , da Luz Moreira Andre , Erkan Arman , Kirat John , Grieco Michael J. , Remzi Feza H. 
Published: February 2024

Objective:
Analyze our long-term experience with a less-popularized but stalwart approach, the stapled end-to-side ileocolic anastomosis.

Background:
The choice of technical approach to ileocolic anastomosis after ileocecal resection for Crohn’s disease affects surgical outcomes and recurrence. Yet, despite heterogeneous data from different anastomotic configurations, there remains no clear guidance as to the optimal technique.

Methods:
In a retrospective cohort design, patients undergoing ileocolic anastomosis in the setting of Crohn’s disease between 2016 and 2021 at two institutions were identified. Patient characteristics and surgical outcomes in terms of recurrence (surgical, clinical, and endoscopic) were studied.

Results:
In total, 211 patients were included. Before surgery, 80% were exposed to at least 1 cycle of systemic steroids and 71% had at least 1 biologic agent; 60% exhibited penetrating disease and 38% developed an intra-abdominal abscess. After surgery, one anastomosis leaked (0.5%). Over 2.4 years of follow-up (IQR = 1.3–3.9), surgical recurrence was 0.9%. Two-year overall recurrence-free and endoscopic recurrence-free survivals were 74% and 85% (95% CI = 68–81 and 80–91), respectively. The adjusted hazard ratio of endoscopic recurrence was 3.0 (95% CI = 1.4–6.2) for males and 5.2 (1.2–22) for patients who received systemic steroids before the surgery.

Conclusion:
The stapled end-to-side anastomosis is an efficient, reliable, and reproducible approach to maintain bowel continuity after ileocecal resection with durable outcomes. Our outcomes demonstrate low rates of disease recurrence and stand favorably in comparison to other more technically complex or protracted anastomotic approaches. This anastomosis is an ideal reconstructive approach after ileocecal resection for Crohn’s disease.
A Geometrical Explanation for Change in Pelvic Tilt (or Lack of Change) Following Long Spinal Fusions
Authors: Prabhakar Gautham , Kelly Michael P. , Koslosky Ezekial , Eck Andrew , Emukah Chimobi , Chaput Christopher , Hills Jeffrey 
Published: February 2024

Study Design.Retrospective cohort.Objective.Examine the relationship between compensatory pelvic retroversion, positive sagittal imbalance (measured by C2 tilt), and the C2 pelvic angle (C2PA) in patients before long spinal fusions; and to determine the association between changes in C2PA and pelvic tilt (PT) following long spinal fusions.Background.Adult spinal deformity surgical goals often include a PT target, yet patients frequently demonstrate persistent compensatory pelvic retroversion following surgery.Methods.Adults above 18 years old undergoing long spinal fusions (>4 levels) with standing preoperative and postoperative radiographs were included. To examine drivers of preoperative sagittal balance, regression models were fit to estimate the association between preoperative C2PA and pelvic incidence with preoperative PT and C2 tilt. To predict postoperative change in PT, multivariable regression was used to estimate change in PT, adjusting for change in C2PA and preoperative C2 tilt.Results.Among the 80 patients identified, the median age was 61 (IQR: 45–72) and 46 (58%) were female. The median number of levels fused was 10 (IQR: 8–13) and 55 (69%) were instrumented to the sacrum/pelvis. Preoperative C2PA had a significant nonlinear association with preoperative PT (r2=0.81,P<0.001) and preoperative C2 tilt (r2=0.41,P=0.002). Postoperative change in PT was strongly associated with change in C2PA (β=0.81;P<0.001) and preoperative C2 tilt (β=0.55;P<0.001).Conclusions.Following long spinal fusions, change in PT (or lack thereof) can be reliably predicted based on change in C2PA and preoperative C2 tilt. In patients with normal preoperative C2 tilt, the change in C2PA is nearly equivalent to the change in PT, but in patients with more positive C2 tilt (sagittal imbalance), a greater change in C2PA will be required to achieve an equivalent change in PT.Level of Evidence.3.
Thumb Carpometacarpal Hemi-trapeziectomy: Creating a Balanced Arthroplasty
Authors: Razavi S. Amir , Pakvasa Mikhail , Sullivan Connor , Rafijah Gregory H. 
Published: February 2024

Background:
Thumb carpometacarpal (CMC) joint arthritis is commonly encountered in Hand Surgery practice and can be quite disabling. Surgery is the best option for patients who have failed conservative management for thumb CMC arthritis. There are numerous surgical options to address thumb CMC arthritis with no clear advantage of one technique over the other.

Methods:
In this paper, we present our patient selection criteria and technique of hemi-trapeziectomy with interpositional arthroplasty for patients with thumb CMC arthritis.

Conclusions:
Hemi-trapeziectomy is ideal for patients with Eaton stage II/III thumb CMC arthritis in whom the STT joint is spared.
Simulating the Simultaneous Impact of Medication for Opioid Use Disorder and Naloxone on Opioid Overdose Death in Eight New York Counties
Authors: Cerdá Magdalena , Hamilton Ava D. , Hyder Ayaz , Rutherford Caroline , Bobashev Georgiy , Epstein Joshua M. , Hatna Erez , Krawczyk Noa , El-Bassel Nabila , Feaster Daniel J. , Keyes Katherine M. 
Published: February 2024

Background:The United States is in the midst of an opioid overdose epidemic; 28.3 per 100,000 people died of opioid overdose in 2020. Simulation models can help understand and address this complex, dynamic, and nonlinear social phenomenon. Using the HEALing Communities Study, aimed at reducing opioid overdoses, and an agent-based model, Simulation of Community-Level Overdose Prevention Strategy, we simulated increases in buprenorphine initiation and retention and naloxone distribution aimed at reducing overdose deaths by 40% in New York Counties.Methods:Our simulations covered 2020–2022. The eight counties contrasted urban or rural and high and low baseline rates of opioid use disorder treatment. The model calibrated agent characteristics for opioid use and use disorder, treatments and treatment access, and fatal and nonfatal overdose. Modeled interventions included increased buprenorphine initiation and retention, and naloxone distribution. We predicted a decrease in the rate of fatal opioid overdose 1 year after intervention, given various modeled intervention scenarios.Results:Counties required unique combinations of modeled interventions to achieve a 40% reduction in overdose deaths. Assuming a 200% increase in naloxone from current levels, high baseline treatment counties achieved a 40% reduction in overdose deaths with a simultaneous 150% increase in buprenorphine initiation. In comparison, low baseline treatment counties required 250–300% increases in buprenorphine initiation coupled with 200–1000% increases in naloxone, depending on the county.Conclusions:Results demonstrate the need for tailored county-level interventions to increase service utilization and reduce overdose deaths, as the modeled impact of interventions depended on the county’s experience with past and current interventions.
Gastric myeloid sarcoma mimicking pseudoachalasia in non-leukemic context - a singular case report
Authors: Jebrini Nidal , Sarahneh Husein , Jaber Mohanad , Natsheh Motaz , Abu Ayyash Ahmad , Bannoura Sami , Razem Raghad 
Published: February 2024

Introduction and Importance:
Myeloid sarcoma (MS) is a rare tumor associated with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and occasionally occurs independently. It typically affects skin, bone, lymph nodes, and rarely the gastrointestinal tract, with gastric cases being extremely rare. Notably, no reported instances associate pseudoachalasia with gastric myeloid sarcoma.

Case Presentation:
A 20-year-old male presented with severe dysphagia, refractory vomiting, and weight loss. Diagnosed with type III achalasia via esophageal tests, subsequent gastroscopy revealed a large gastric mass, later identified as gastric myeloid sarcoma through histopathology.

Clinical Discussion:
MS, characterized by immature blast cells, poses diagnostic challenges without typical leukemia symptoms. Diagnosis involves immunohistochemistry, employing markers like CD33, CD34, and CD43. Optimal treatments, such as chemotherapy or stem cell transplantation, aim to delay leukemia progression. Gastric primary de novo myeloid sarcoma is exceedingly rare, emphasizing the need for tailored treatment strategies.

Conclusion:
Gastric myeloid sarcoma is an exceptionally rare tumor, especially without concurrent acute myeloid leukemia (AML), complicating its diagnosis. This case represents the first globally documented instance of gastric myeloid sarcoma causing pseudo-achalasia. Documenting this unique clinical presentation is crucial for a better grasp of gastric myeloid sarcoma’s diverse manifestations.
Prospective Cohort Study of Treatment Outcomes of Vaginal Discharge Syndrome in Women in Windhoek, Namibia
Authors: Dunaiski Cara M. , Kock Marleen M. , Jung Hyunsul , Peters Remco P.H. 
Published: February 2024

BackgroundSyndromic treatment is the standard of care for vaginal discharge syndrome (VDS) in resource-constrained settings. However, the outcomes of VDS treatment have not been well documented. This study aimed to determine the incidence, risk factors, and microbial etiology of treatment failure in women with VDS.MethodsThis prospective cohort study of women with VDS was conducted between September 2021 and March 2022 at Katutura Intermediate Hospital in Windhoek, Namibia. Microbiological analyses of sexually transmitted infections (STIs;Chlamydia trachomatis,Neisseria gonorrhoeae,Trichomonas vaginalis,Mycoplasma genitalium), bacterial vaginosis, and vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) were performed. Treatment outcomes were assessed at 7 and 30 days after treatment, followed by microbial investigation in case of treatment failure.ResultsOne hundred nine women were enrolled, and 94 (86%) completed the follow-up. At baseline, 58 of 109 women (53%) were diagnosed with STI, 47 of 109 (43%) with bacterial vaginosis, and 45 of 109 (41%) with VVC.Candida albicans(33 of 45; 73%) was the main pathogen in VVC, with fluconazole resistance detected in 8 of 33 isolates (24%); 10 of 12 (80%) of non–albicans Candidaspecies showed resistance. The incidence of treatment failure was 3.6 per 100 person-years at 7 days and 1.0 per 100 person-years at 30 days of follow-up; 17 of 94 women (18%) had recurrent VDS, and 12 of 94 women (13%) had persistent VDS. Vulvovaginal candidiasis (odds ratio, 4.3; 95% confidence interval, 1.7–11;P= 0.002) at baseline was associated with treatment failure.ConclusionsTreatment failure after syndromic management of VDS is common in resource-constrained settings. Access to diagnostic testing, including fungal culture and susceptibility testing, is recommended to improve outcomes.