bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Placement of sensors/actuators on civil structures using genetic algorithms
Authors: Abdullah Makola M. , Richardson Andy , Hanif Jameel 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe optimal design and placement of controllers at discrete locations is an important problem that will have impact on the control of civil engineering structures. Though algorithms exist for the placement of sensor/actuator systems on continuous structures, the placement of controllers on discrete civil structures is a very difficult problem. Because of the nature of civil structures, it is not possible to place sensors and actuators at any location in the structure. This usually creates a non‐linear constrained mixed integer problem that can be very difficult to solve. Using genetic algorithms in conjunction with gradient‐based optimization techniques will allow for the simultaneous placement and design of an effective structural control system. The introduction of algorithms based on genetic search procedures should increase the rate of convergence and thus reduce the computational time for solving the difficult control problem. The newly proposed method of simultaneously placing sensors/actuators will be compared to a commonly used method of sensors/actuators placement where sensors/actuators are placed sequentially. The savings in terms of energy requirements and cost will be discussed. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The relationship between body size and body composition in women of different nutritional status
Authors: Wells Jonathan C. K. , Nicholls Dasha 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis study analysed the relationship between weight, size, and body composition in various groups of real and fantasy women. By exploiting natural relationships between the weight and volume of human tissues, comparable data on weight, size, and body composition were obtained for healthy women from western and developing country populations, women with anorexia nervosa (AN), and fantasy figures including popular children's dolls. Women from western and developing country populations have different fatness and size despite having similar weight relative to height. Women with AN have significantly lower fat and lean mass, and thinner size, than healthy women. Fantasy figures have body sizes similar to women with AN, implying similar body composition. In particular, children's dolls have body sizes similar to AN women at the time of death, although these effects are disguised by manipulation of body shape. Our study improves understanding of the body composition implied by manipulation of female shape and size. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Family meals in the treatment of adolescent anorexia nervosa
Authors: Jaffa Tony , Honig Peter , Farmer Sarah , Dilley Jo 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe literature on the use of family meals as a focus for treatment in anorexia nervosa is now quite old and interest in this area, both clinical and academic appears to have waned. In this paper we explain the use of family meals in our treatment of adolescent eating disorder patients. Whereas earlier descriptions tend to use the language of structural family therapy and emphasize intensification, we focus more on collaboration and on anxiety reduction. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Note on simulating the size distribution of glacial cirques
Authors: De Blasio Fabio V. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe glacial cirques of a mountainous region usually have comparable size. Cirque widths between 400 m and 800 m are relatively common, whereas very large and very small cirques are infrequent. Although the presence of an upper limit is probably a result of the limited time available since the epoch of formation, the absence of very small cirques is more problematic. Simple statistical arguments suggest that this feature can be explained if the formation of cirques is very selective and localized in relatively small areas of the landscape. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rudabánya: A late miocene subtropical swamp deposit with evidence of the origin of the African apes and humans
Authors: Kordos László , Begun David R. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractRudabánya, a rich late Miocene fossil site in northern central Hungary, has yielded an abundant record of fossil primates, including the primitive catarrhine Anapithecus and the early great ape Dryopithecus. While the affinities of Anapithecus are not clear, Dryopithecus is clearly a great ape sharing numerous characteristics of its dental, cranial and postcranial anatomy with living great apes. Like all Miocene hominids (great apes and humans), Dryopithecus is more primitive in a number of ways than any living hominid, which is probably related to the passage of time since the divergence of the various lineages of living hominids, allowing for similar refinements in morphology and adaptation to take place independently. On the other hand, Dryopithecus (and Ouranopithecus) share derived characters with hominines (African apes and humans), and Sivapithecus (and Ankarapithecus) share derived characters with orangutans, thus dating the split between pongines and hominines to a time before the evolution of these fossil great apes. Pongines and hominines follow similar fates in the late Miocene, the pongines moving south into Southeast Asia from southern or eastern Asia and the hominines moving south into East Africa from the Mediterranean region, between 6 to 9 Ma.
Performance of a single glazing assembly exposed to enclosure corner fires of increasing severity
Authors: Shields T. J. , Silcock G. W. H. , Flood M. F. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe results of 19 experiments in which a single pane glazing assembly was exposed to enclosure corner fires of increasing severity are presented. The glazing assembly was exposed to a two zone fire enclosure environment, with consistency and repeatability within each set of three experiments conducted at each fire severity level, evident from the enclosure gas temperature profiles. The results presented include heat release rates, enclosure and local gas temperatures, heat flux distributions, glass surface temperatures, shaded glass temperatures thermally induced stains, crack bifurcation patterns and loss of integrity of the glazing assembly. The results and observations obtained are presented in the form of a toolkit for the estimation of the occurrence of cracking and failure of single glazing in enclosure fires. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Thoughts and observations on fire‐endurance tests of wood‐frame assemblies protected by gypsum board
Authors: Richardson Leslie R. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractForintek Canada Corp. participated in a series of collaborative research projects with the National Research Council Canada and other organizations to determine fire‐resistance ratings for wood‐frame assemblies used in the construction of Canadian housing and small buildings. Over the course of those studies, Forintek's scientists observed a large number of full‐scale fire‐endurance tests on walls lined on both faces with gypsum board and floor assemblies with gypsum‐board ceilings. Those observations have given Forintek's researchers unique insights into the fire performance of wood‐frame assemblies and fire‐endurance testing. Those insights are the subject of this paper. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Lessons from the Expansion of the National Training Center at Fort Irwin
Authors: Spotila James R. , Avery Harold W. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractFrom 1985 to 2001 the Army attempted to expand its National Training Center at Fort Irwin, California. In 1991 a
draft jeopardy biological opinion by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service derailed the expansion process and took
away valuable land from training along the southern portion of the installation. During the next decade there was
an impasse between the Army and the Department of Interior. In 1999 the Army undertook a new strategy. It attempted
to tie the expansion of Fort Irwin to the recovery of the desert tortoise. Through negotiation and consultation
with scientists, the Army developed an expansion plan that helped recover the desert tortoise and provide needed
training land. In 2001 Congress adopted legislation to implement expansion. This process revealed several lessons
that will make it easier to solve the next endangered‐species problem that confronts the two agencies.
© 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.*
Aroma simulation on the basis of the odourant composition of roasted coffee headspace†
Authors: Mayer Florian , Grosch Werner 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe concentrations of 22 potent odorants, including acetaldehyde, methylpropanal, 2‐ and 3‐methylbutanal, 2,3‐butanedione, 2,3‐pentanedione, 2‐furfurylthiol, 2‐ethyl‐3,5‐dimethylpyrazine and 2,3‐diethyl‐5‐methylpyrazine, were quantified in the headspace of roasted coffee powder. A model mixture containing these odorants was prepared on the basis of the results found in the headspace. When evaporated, the similarity of the aroma of this model mixture to that of the roasted coffee sample was scored 2.6 on a scale of 0 (no similarity) to 3.0 (identical). Also, after reduction of the model to the nine odorants mentioned above, the aroma was still scored 2.1. By determining headspace‐concentrations of both freshly ground coffee and powdered coffee 15 min after grinding, and by preparing the corresponding aroma models, changes in the odour profile of a real coffee sample depending on the time passed after grinding could be reproduced. Results show this procedure to be suitable for establishing a composition of odorants causing the overall aroma of a food. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A general methodology for investigating flow instabilities in complex geometries: application to natural convection in enclosures
Authors: Gadoin E. , Le Quéré P. , Daube O. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis paper presents a general methodology for studying instabilities of natural convection flows enclosed in cavities of complex geometry. Different tools have been developed, consisting of time integration of the unsteady equations, steady state solving, and computation of the most unstable eigenmodes of the Jacobian and its adjoint. The methodology is validated in the classical differentially heated cavity, where the steady solution branch is followed for vary large values of the Rayleigh number and most unstable eigenmodes are computed at selected Rayleigh values. Its effectiveness for complex geometries is illustrated on a configuration consisting of a cavity with internal heated partitions. We finally propose to reduce the Navier–Stokes equations to a differential system by expanding the unsteady solution as the sum of the steady state solution and of a linear combination of the leading eigenmodes. The principle of the method is exposed and preliminary results are presented. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stability of explicit advection schemes. The balance point location rule
Authors: Leonard B. P. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis paper introduces the balance point location rule, providing specific necessary and sufficient conditions for constructing unconditionally stable explicit advection schemes, in both semi‐Lagrangian and flux‐form Eulerian formulations. The rule determines how the spatial stencil is placed on the computational grid. It requires the balance point (the center of the stencil in index space) to be located in the same patch as the departure point for semi‐Lagrangian schemes or the same cell as the sweep point for Eulerian schemes. Centering the stencil in this way guarantees stability, regardless of the size of the time step. In contrast, the original Courant–Friedrichs–Lewy (CFL) condition requiring the stencil merely to include the departure (sweep) point, although necessary, is not sufficient for guaranteeing stability. The CFL condition is of limited practical value, whereas the balance point location rule always gives precise and easily implemented prescriptions for constructing stable algorithms. The rule is also helpful in correcting a number of misconceptions that have arisen concerning explicit advection schemes. In particular, explicit Eulerian schemes are widely believed to be inefficient because of stability constraints on the time step, dictated by a narrow interpretation of the CFL condition requiring the Courant number to be less than or equal to one. However, such constraints apply only to a particular class of advection schemes resulting for centering the stencil on the arrival point, when in fact the sole function of the stencil is to estimate the departure (sweep) point value—the arrival point has no relevance in determining the placement of the stencil. Unconditionally stable explicit Eulerian advection schemes are efficient and accurate, comparable in operation count to semi‐Lagrangian schemes of the same order, but because of their flux‐based formulation, they have the added advantage of being inherently conservative. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Numerical simulation of viscous flows with free surface around realistic hull forms with transom
Authors: Li Tingqiu , Matusiak Jerzy , Lehtimäki Reijo 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis paper describes a method for simulation of viscous flows with a free surface around realistic hull forms with a transom, which has been developed based on a FINFLO RANS solver with a moving mesh. A dry‐transom model is proposed and implemented for the treatment of flows off the transom. The bulk RANS flow with the artificial compressibility is solved by a cell‐centred finite volume multigrid scheme and the free surface deformed by wave motions is tracked by satisfying the kinematic and dynamic free‐surface boundary conditions on the actual location of the surface. The effects of turbulence on flows are evaluated with the Baldwin–Lomax turbulence model without a wall function. A test case is modern container ship model with a transom, the Hamburg Test Case. The calculated results are validated and they agree well with the measured results in terms of the free‐surface waves and the total resistance coefficient. Furthermore, the numerical solutions successfully captured many important features of the complicated interaction of the free surface with viscous flows around transom stern ships. In addition, the convergence performance and the grid refinement studies are also investigated. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Gas‐assisted fluid displacement in a circular tube and a rectangular channel
Authors: Kamişli Fethi , Ryan Michael E. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn this paper the amount of liquid left inside of a circular tube and a rectangular channel when displaced by another immiscible fluid are determined by solving the full creeping‐motion equations. The exact continuity of stress on the free surface is employed with a finite difference method. In order to solve the equations, the steady‐state shape of the interface is guessed and the normal stress boundary condition is dropped. The equations based on a stream function‐vorticity formulation are solved with the aid of elliptic grid generation. The computed results are compared with the experimental results of Taylor (J. Fluid Mech. 1961; 10:161), the theoretical results of Reinelt and Saffman (SIAM J. Sci. Stat. Comput. 1985; 6:542) and our experimental data. The computed results are in close agreement with our experimental data and those of previous investigators. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Application of moving adaptive grids for numerical solution of 2D nonstationary problems in gas dynamics
Authors: Ivanenko Sergey A. , Azarenok Boris N. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractSolution‐adaptive grid generation procedure is coupled with the Godunov‐type solver of the second‐order accuracy. Dynamically adaptive grids, clustered to singularities, allow to increase the accuracy of numerical solution. The theory of harmonic maps is used as a theoretical framework for grid generation. The problem of constructing harmonic coordinates on the surface of the graph of control function is formulated. The projection of these coordinates onto a physical domain produces an adaptive‐harmonic structured grid. A variational grid generator which can be used also in the case of unstructured grids with adaptation to a vector‐function is described in detail. The discrete functional has an infinite barrier on the boundary of the set of grids with all convex cells and this guarantees unfolded grid generation at every time step. Results of test computations are presented. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bayesian forecasts for cointegrated models
Authors: Liu Shu‐Ing 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis paper investigates Bayesian forecasts for some cointegrated time series data. Suppose data are derived from some cointegrated model, but, an unrestricted vector autoregressive model, without including cointegrated conditions, is fitted; the implication of using an incorrect model will be investigated from the Bayesian forecasting viewpoint. For some special cointegrated data and under the diffuse prior assumption, it can be analytically proven that the posterior predictive distributions for both the true model and the fitted model are asymptotically the same for any future step. For a more general cointegrated model, examinations are performed via simulations. Some simulated results reveal that a reasonably unrestricted model will still provide a rather accurate forecast as long as the sample size is large enough or the forecasting period is not too far in the future. For a small sample size or for long‐term forecasting, more accurate forecasts are expected if the correct cointegrated model is actually applied. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Introduction of Derivatives on the Dow Jones Industrial Average and Their Impact on the Volatility of Component Stocks
Authors: Rahman Shafiqur 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis article examines the impact of trading in the Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA) index futures and futures options on the conditional volatility of component stocks. It investigates the contention that the introduction of futures and futures options on the DJIA could increase volatility in the 30 stocks comprising the DJIA. The conditional volatility of intraday returns for each stock before and after the introduction of derivatives is estimated with the Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity (GARCH) model. Estimated parameters of conditional volatility in prefutures and postfutures periods are then compared to determine if the estimated parameters have changed significantly after the introduction of the various derivatives. The results suggest that the introduction of index futures and futures options on the DJIA has produced no structural changes in the conditional volatility of component stocks. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 21: 633–653, 2001
Hedge Fund Performance and Manager Skill
Authors: Edwards Franklin R. , Caglayan Mustafa Onur 
Published: August 2002

AbstractUsing data on the monthly returns of hedge funds during the period January 1990 to August 1998, we estimate
six‐factor Jensen alphas for individual hedge funds, employing eight different investment styles. We find
that about 25% of the hedge funds earn positive excess returns and that the frequency and magnitude of
funds' excess returns differ markedly with investment style. Using six‐factor alphas as a measure of
performance, we also analyze performance persistence over 1‐year and 2‐year horizons and find
evidence of significant persistence among both winners and losers. These findings, together with our finding
that hedge funds that pay managers higher incentive fees also have higher excess returns, are consistent with
the view that fund manager skill may be a partial explanation for the positive excess returns earned by hedge
funds. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 21:1003–1028, 2001
Optimal No‐Arbitrage Bounds on S&P 500 Index Options and the Volatility Smile
Authors: Dennis Patrick J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis article shows that the volatility smile is not necessarily inconsistent with the Black–Scholes
analysis. Specifically, when transaction costs are present, the absence of arbitrage opportunities does not
dictate that there exists a unique price for an option. Rather, there exists a range of prices within which the
option's price may fall and still be consistent with the Black–Scholes arbitrage pricing argument.
This article uses a linear program (LP) cast in a binomial framework to determine the smallest
possible range of prices for Standard & Poor's 500 Index options that are consistent with no arbitrage
in the presence of transaction costs. The LP method employs dynamic trading in the underlying and
risk‐free assets as well as fixed positions in other options that trade on the same underlying security.
One‐way transaction‐cost levels on the index, inclusive of the bid–ask spread, would have to
be below six basis points for deviations from Black–Scholes pricing to present an arbitrage opportunity.
Monte Carlo simulations are employed to assess the hedging error induced with a 12‐period binomial model
to approximate a continuous‐time geometric Brownian motion. Once the risk caused by the hedging error is
accounted for, transaction costs have to be well below three basis points for the arbitrage opportunity to be
profitable two times out of five. This analysis indicates that market prices that deviate from those given by a
constant‐volatility option model, such as the Black–Scholes model, can be consistent with the
absence of arbitrage in the presence of transaction costs. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark
21:1151–1179, 2001
A Note on Finding the Optimal Allocation Between a Risky Stock and a Risky Bond
Authors: Angus John E. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe allocation of financial assets among securities with different levels of risk is an essential topic in
the study, analysis, and strategic use of derivative securities and markets. In a recent paper, Browne
(1999) determined the optimal allocation strategy for dividing investments between a risky stock and a
risky bond. In this note, Browne's equation determining the optimal strategy is studied and some methods
are described for solving it. In addition, some useful rules‐of‐thumb, computational methods, and
approximation techniques are presented. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 21:1181–1196,
2001
APC/CTNNB1 (β‐catenin) pathway alterations in human prostate cancers
Authors: Gerstein Amy V. , Almeida Teresa Acosta , Zhao Guojing , Chess Eric , Shih Ie‐Ming , Buhler Kent , Pienta Kenneth , Rubin Mark A. , Vessella Robert , Papadopoulos Nickolas 
Published: August 2002

AbstractGenetic alterations serve as beacons for the involvement of specific pathways in tumorigenesis. It was previously shown that 5% of prostate tumors harbor CTNNB1 mutations, suggesting that this tumor type may involve a deregulated APC/CTNNB1 pathway. To explore this possibility further, we searched for mutations in genes implicated in this pathway in 22 samples that included cell lines, xenografts, and primary tumors. We identified seven alterations: two in CTNNB1, three in APC, and two in hTRCP1 (also known as BTRC) which controls the degradation of CTNNB1. Alterations in the CTNNB1 regulatory domain, APC, and hTRCP1 were mutually exclusive, consistent with their equivalent effects on CTNNB1 stability. These results suggest that CTNNB1 signaling plays a critical role in the development of a significant fraction of prostate cancers. Moreover, they provide the first evidence that hTRCP1 plays a role in human neoplasia. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.