bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Allergen exposure–induced differences in CD34+ cell phenotype: relationship to eosinophilopoietic responses in different compartments
Authors: Sergejeva Svetlana , Johansson Anna-Karin , Malmhäll Carina , Lötvall Jan 
Published: September 2003

AbstractWe hypothesized that the allergen-induced increased number of airway eosinophils results from increased recruitment of eosinophils from bone marrow (BM) and local development of CD34+ cells into eosinophils. We also assumed that the phenotype of airway eosinophils depends on whether these cells have differentiated within BM or airway. C57BL/6 mice were sensitized and subsequently exposed to ovalbumin (OVA) on 5 consecutive days. Newly produced cells were labeled with a thymidine analog. Clonogenic activity and interleukin 5 (IL-5) release from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALf) CD34+ cells were evaluated by using cell-culture techniques. Allergen exposure induces increase in CD135+ primitive myeloid progenitors within the BM CD34+ cell population, without significant changes in total number of CD34+ cells or newly produced CD34+ cells. CD34+/IL-5Rα+ cells in the first stage of cell differentiation were found only in BM, arguing that early commitment of CD34+ cells into the eosinophil lineage is restricted to the BM compartment. Allergen exposure induces a shift in differentiation of BM, blood, and BALf eosinophillineage–committed CD34+ cells toward mature eosinophils and recruitment of these cells via blood into airway. We further demonstrate in vitro that ability to multiply persists in BALf CD34+ cells but not CD34– cells, likely via autocrine IL-5 release and IL-5–induced up-regulation of IL-5Rα.
In vitro and in vivo effects of tPA and PAI-1 on blood vessel tone
Authors: Nassar Taher , Akkawi Sa'ed , Shina Ahuva , Haj-Yehia Abdullah , Bdeir Khalil , Tarshis Mark , Heyman Samuel N. , Higazi Abd Al-Roof 
Published: September 2003

AbstractTissue type plasminogen activator (tPA) is a key enzyme in the fibrinolytic cascade. In this paper we report that tPA contains 2 independent epitopes that exert opposite effects on blood vessel tone. Low concentrations of tPA (1 nM) inhibit the phenylephrine (PE)–induced contraction of isolated aorta rings. In contrast, higher concentrations (20 nM) stimulate the contractile effect of PE. The 2 putative vasoactive epitopes of tPA are regulated by the plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and by a PAI-1–derived hexapeptide that binds tPA. TNK-tPA, a tPA variant in which the PAI-1 docking site has been mutated, stimulates PE-induced vasoconstriction at all concentrations used. The stimulatory, but not the inhibitory, effect of tPA on the contraction of isolated aorta rings was abolished by anti–low-density lipoprotein receptor–related protein/α2-macroglobulin receptor (LRP) antibodies. Administering tPA or TNK-tPA to rats regulates blood pressure and cerebral vascular resistance in a dose-dependent mode. In other in vivo experiments we found that the vasopressor effect of PE is more pronounced in tPA knockout than in wild-type mice. Our findings draw attention to a novel role of tPA and PAI-1 in the regulation of blood vessel tone that may affect the course of ischemic diseases.
Long-term expansion of transplantable human fetal liver hematopoietic stem cells
Authors: Rollini Pierre , Kaiser Stefan , Faes-van't Hull Eveline , Kapp Ursula , Leyvraz Serge 
Published: September 2003

AbstractHematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), with their dual ability for self-renewal and multilineage differentiation, constitute an essential component of hematopoietic transplantations. Human fetal liver (FL) represents a promising alternative HSC source, and we previously reported simple culture conditions allowing long-term expansion of FL hematopoietic progenitors. In the present study, we used the nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficiency (NOD/SCID) mouse xenotransplantation assay to confirm that human FL is rich in NOD/SCID-repopulating cells (SRCs) and to show that these culture conditions repeatedly maintained short- and long-term SRCs from various FL samples for at least 28 days. Quantitative limited dilution analysis in NOD/SCID mice demonstrated for the first time that a 10- to over a 100-fold net expansion of FL SRCs could be achieved after 28 days of culture. The efficiency of this culture system may lead to an increase in the use of FL as a source of HSCs for transplantation in adult patients, as previously demonstrated with umbilical cord blood under different culture conditions. (Blood. 2004;103:1166-1170)
Expression of BCMA, TACI, and BAFF-R in multiple myeloma: a mechanism for growth and survival
Authors: Novak Anne J. , Darce Jaime R. , Arendt Bonnie K. , Harder Brandon , Henderson Kathy , Kindsvogel Wayne , Gross Jane A. , Greipp Philip R. , Jelinek Diane F. 
Published: September 2003

Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a progressive disease that is thought to result from multiple genetic insults to the precursor plasma cell that ultimately affords the tumor cell with proliferative potential despite its differentiated phenotype and resistance to undergoing apoptosis. Altered expression of antiapoptotic factors as well as growth factors have been described in a significant number of patients. However, the key regulatory elements that control myeloma development and progression remain largely undefined. Because of the knowledge that B-lymphocyte stimulator (BLyS), a tumor necrosis factor (TNF) family member shown to be critical for maintenance of normal B-cell development and homeostasis, promotes the survival of malignant B cells, we began a coordinated study of BLyS and its receptors in MM. All MM cells studied expressed one or more of 3 known receptors (B-cell maturation antigen [BCMA], transmembrane activator and CAML interactor [TACI], and B-cell activating factor receptor [BAFF-R]) for BLyS; however, the pattern of expression was variable. Additionally, we provide evidence that BLyS can modulate the proliferative capacity and survival of MM cells. Finally, we provide evidence that BLyS is expressed by MM cells and is present in the bone marrow of patients with MM. Expression of BCMA, TACI, and BAFF-R by MM taken together with the ability of BLyS to support MM cell growth and survival has exciting implications because they may be potential therapeutic targets.
Receptor activation and 2 distinct COOH-terminal motifs control G-CSF receptor distribution and internalization kinetics
Authors: Aarts Lambertus H. J. , Roovers Onno , Ward Alister C. , Touw Ivo P. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractWe have studied the intracellular distribution and internalization kinetics of the granulocyte colony-stimulating factor receptor (G-CSF-R) in living cells using fusion constructs of wild-type or mutant G-CSF-R and enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP). Under steady-state conditions the G-CSF-R localized predominantly to the Golgi apparatus, late endosomes, and lysosomes, with only low expression on the plasma membrane, resulting from spontaneous internalization. Internalization of the G-CSF-R was significantly accelerated by addition of G-CSF. This ligand-induced switch from slow to rapid internalization required the presence of G-CSF-R residue Trp650, previously shown to be essential for its signaling ability. Both spontaneous and ligand-induced internalization depended on 2 distinct amino acid stretches in the G-CSF-R COOH-terminus: 749-755, containing a dileucine internalization motif, and 756-769. Mutation of Ser749 at position –4 of the dileucine motif to Ala significantly reduced the rate of ligand-induced internalization. In contrast, mutation of Ser749 did not affect spontaneous G-CSF-R internalization, suggesting the involvement of a serine-threonine kinase specifically in ligand-accelerated internalization of the G-CSF-R. COOH-terminal truncation mutants of G-CSF-R, found in severe congenital neutropenia, lack the internalization motifs and were completely defective in both spontaneous and ligand-induced internalization. As a result, these mutants showed constitutively high cell-surface expression.
A potential therapeutic role for small nonpeptidyl compounds that mimic human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor
Authors: Kusano Kouji , Ebara Shinji , Tachibana Koichi , Nishimura Tadahiro , Sato Susumu , Kuwaki Tomoaki , Taniyama Tadayoshi 
Published: September 2003

AbstractGranulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) stimulates the proliferation of bone marrow granulocytic progenitor cells and promotes their differentiation into granulocytes. G-CSF is therefore an important component of immune defense against pathogenic microorganisms: recombinant human G-CSF (rhG-CSF) is used to treat patients with a variety of neutropenias. In the present study, we screened approximately 10 000 small nonpeptidyl compounds and found 3 small compounds that mimic G-CSF in several in vitro and in vivo assays. These compounds induced G-CSF–dependent proliferation, but had no effect on interleukin-3–dependent, interleukin-2–dependent, interleukin-10–dependent, thrombopoietin (TPO)–dependent, or erythropoietin (EPO)–dependent proliferation. Each compound induced the phosphorylation of signal transducers and activators of transcription–3 (STAT3) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) in a G-CSF–dependent cell line and in human neutrophils. In addition, these compounds induced hematopoietic colony formation from primary rat bone marrow cells in vitro. When subcutaneously injected into normal rats, they caused an increase in peripheral blood neutrophil counts. Furthermore, when they were administered to cyclophosphamide-induced neutropenic rats, blood neutrophil levels increased and remained elevated up to day 8. We therefore suggest that these small nonpeptidyl compounds mimic the activity of G-CSF and may be useful in the treatment of neutropenic patients.
Difference in end-tidal CO2 between asphyxia cardiac arrest and ventricular fibrillation/pulseless ventricular tachycardia cardiac arrest in the prehospital setting
Authors: Grmec Štefek , Lah Katja , Tušek-Bunc Ksenija 
Published: September 2003

Abstract
Introduction
There has been increased interest in the use of capnometry in recent years. During cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), the partial pressure of end-tidal carbon dioxide (PetCO2) correlates with cardiac output and, consequently, it has a prognostic value in CPR. This study was undertaken to compare the initial PetCO2 and the PetCO2 after 1 min during CPR in asphyxial cardiac arrest versus primary cardiac arrest.

Methods
The prospective observational study included two groups of patients: cardiac arrest due to asphyxia with initial rhythm asystole or pulseless electrical activity, and cardiac arrest due to acute myocardial infarction or malignant arrhythmias with initial rhythm ventricular fibrillation (VF) or pulseless ventricular tachycardia (VT). The PetCO2 was measured for both groups immediately after intubation and then repeatedly every minute, both for patients with and without return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC).

Results
We analyzed 44 patients with asphyxial cardiac arrest and 141 patients with primary cardiac arrest. The first group showed no significant difference in the initial value of the PetCO2, even when we compared those with and without ROSC. There was a significant difference in the PetCO2 after 1 min of CPR between those patients with ROSC and those without ROSC. The mean value for all patients was significantly higher in the group with asphyxial arrest. In the group with VF/VT arrest there was a significant difference in the initial PetCO2 between patients without and with ROSC. In all patients with ROSC the initial PetCO2 was higher than 10 mmHg.

Conclusions
The initial PetCO2 is significantly higher in asphyxial arrest than in VT/VF cardiac arrest. Regarding asphyxial arrest there is also no difference in values of initial PetCO2 between patients with and without ROSC. On the contrary, there is a significant difference in values of the initial PetCO2 in the VF/VT cardiac arrest between patients with and without ROSC. This difference could prove to be useful as one of the methods in prehospital diagnostic procedures and attendance of cardiac arrest. For this reason we should always include other clinical and laboratory tests.
Defining thought broadcast
Authors: Pawar Ajaykumar V. , Spence Sean A. 
Published: September 2003

BackgroundThe symptom of thought broadcast may have diagnostic significance but its definition varies.AimsTo examine multiple definitions of thought broadcast in differenttexts, to synthesise their common features and to undertake local and national surveys of psychiatrists to determine which definitions they endorse.MethodA semi-structured literature review of electronic databases, supplemented by a manual search of psychiatric textbooks, conceptual analyses and postal surveys of clinicians in NorthTrent (58 trainees and 70 consultants) and throughout the UK (49 professors of general adult psychiatry).ResultsThought broadcast is susceptible to multiple definitions: three exemplars were identified in the literature, each endorsed by influential authors. Among those psychiatrists responding to the survey (approximately 59%), some endorsed each definition of thought broadcast.ConclusionsThought broadcast means different things to different people. Inconsistent terminology might impair communication in clinical and research contexts.
Functional health status, chronic medical conditions and disorders of mood
Authors: Surtees Paul G. , Wainwright Nicholas W. J. , Khaw Kay-Tee , Day Nicholas E. 
Published: September 2003

BackgroundUnderstanding of the impact of depressive and anxiety disorders on functional health status in the context of chronic medical illness has been gained almost exclusively from the study of patient populations.AimsTo compare the impact of major depressive and generalised anxiety disorder with that of chronic medical conditions on functional health in a UK resident population.MethodThe functional health of 20 921 study participants was assessed using the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form 36 questionnaire. Depressive and anxiety disorder episode histories and chronic medical conditions were assessed using independent self-completed questionnaires.ResultsThe degree of physical functional impairment associated with mood disorders was of equivalent magnitude to that associated with the presence of chronic medical conditions or with being some 12 years older.ConclusionsDepressive and anxiety disorders have a profound impact on functional health that is independent of chronic medical illness. Chronic anxiety is associated with physical health limitations in excess of those associated with chronic depression or any of the physical health conditions considered, except for stroke.
Comorbidity of substance misuse and mental illness in community mental health and substance misuse services
Authors: Weaver T. , Madden P. , Charles V. , Stimson G. , Renton A. , Tyrer P. , Barnes T. , Bench C. , Middleton H. , Wright N. , Paterson S. , Shanahan W. , Seivewright N. , Ford C. ,   Comorbidity of Substance Misuse and Mental Illness Collaborative (Cosmic) Study Team
Published: September 2003

BackgroundImproved management of mental illness and substance misuse comorbidity is a National Health Service priority, but little is known about its prevalence and current management.AimsTo measure the prevalence of comorbidity among patients of community mental health teams (CMHTs) and substance misuse services, and to assess the potential for joint management.MethodCross-sectional prevalence survey in four urban UK centres.ResultsOf CMHT patients, 44% (95% CI 38.1-49.9) reported past-year problem drug use and/or harmful alcohol use; 75% (95% CI 68.2-80.2) of drug service and 85% of alcohol service patients (95% CI 74.2-931) had a past-year psychiatric disorder. Most comorbidity patients appear ineligible for cross-referral between services. Large proportions are not identified by services and receive no specialist intervention.ConclusionsComorbidity is highly prevalent in CMHT, drug and alcohol treatment populations, but may be difficult to manage by cross-referral psychiatric and substance misuse services as currently configured and resourced.
Stability of recall of military hazards over time
Authors: Wessely S. , Unwin C. , Hotopf M. , Hull L. , Ismail K. , Nicolaou V. , David A. 
Published: September 2003

BackgroundWartime traumatic events are related to subsequent psychological and physical health, but quantifying the association is problematic. Memory changes over time and is influenced by psychological status.AimsTo use a large, two-stage cohort study of members of the UK armed forces to study changes in recall of both traumatic and ‘toxic’ hazards.MethodA questionnaire-based follow-up study assessed 2370 UK military personnel, repeating earlier questions about exposure to military hazards.ResultsThe κ statistics for reporting of hazards were good for some exposures, but very low for others. Gulf veterans reported more exposures over time (no significant rise in the Bosnia cohort). In the Gulf cohort only, reporting new exposures was associated with worsening health perception, and forgetting previously reported exposures with improved perception. We found no association between physical health, psychological morbidity or post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms and endorsement or non-endorsement of exposures.ConclusionsReporting of military hazards after a conflict is not static, and is associated with current self-rated perception of health. Self-report of exposures associated with media publicity needs to be treated with caution.
Estimating psychological treatment effects from a randomised controlled trial with both non-compliance and loss to follow-up
Authors: Dunn G. , Maracy M. , Dowrick C. , Ayuso-Mateos J. L. , Dalgard O. S. , Page H. , Lehtinen V. , Casey P. , Wilkinson C. , Vázquez-Barquero J. L. , Wilkinson G. ,   Odin Group
Published: September 2003

BackgroundThe Outcomes of Depression International Network (ODIN) trial evaluated the effect of two psychological interventions for the treatment of depression in primary care. Only about half of the patients in the treatment arm complied with the offer of treatment, prompting the question: ‘what was the effect of treatment in those patients who actually received it?’AimsTo illustrate the estimation of the effect of receipt of treatment in a randomised controlled trial subject to non-compliance and loss to follow-up.MethodWe estimated the complier average causal effect (CACE) of treatment.ResultsIn the ODIN trial the effect of receipt of psychological intervention (an average of about 4 points on the Beck Depression Inventory) is about twice that of offering it.ConclusionsThe statistical analysis of the results of a clinical trial subject to noncompliance to allocated treatment is now reasonably straightforward through estimation of a CACE and investigators should be encouraged to present the results of analyses of this type as a routine component of a trial report.
Abusive experiences and psychiatric morbidity in women primary care attenders
Authors: Coid Jeremy , Petruckevitch Ann , Chung Wai-Shan , Richardson Jo , Moorey Stirling , Feder Gene 
Published: September 2003

BackgroundAbusive experiences in childhood and adulthood increase risks of psychiatric morbidity in women and independently increase risks of further abuse over the lifetime. It is unclear which experiences are most damaging.AimsTo measure lifetime prevalence of abusive experiences and psychiatric morbidity, and to analyse associations in women primary care attenders.MethodA cross-sectional, self-report survey of 1207 women attending 13 surgeries in the London borough of Hackney, UK. Independent associations between demographic measures, abusive experiences and psychiatric outcome were established using logistic regression.ResultsChildhood sexual abuse had few associations with adult mental health measures, in contrast to physical abuse. Sexual assault in adulthood was associated with substance misuse; rape with anxiety, depression and post-traumatic stress disorder but not substance misuse. Domestic violence showed strongest associations with most mental health measures, increased for experiences in the past year.ConclusionsAbuse in childhood and adulthood have differential effects on mental health; effects are increased by recency and severity. Women should be routinely questioned about ongoing and recent experiences as well as childhood.
Maternal depression and child behaviour problems
Authors: Verduyn Chrissie , Barrowclough Christine , Roberts Janine , Tarrier Nicholas , Harrington Richard 
Published: September 2003

BackgroundDespite the frequently reported association between maternal depression and childhood psychopathological disorder, few studies have attempted to intervene with both conditions.AimsTo evaluate the effect of group cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) on child behaviour problems and maternal depression in a group of women with young children.MethodAn assessor-masked, randomised placebo-controlled trial compared three treatments: CBT for depression and parenting skills enhancement; a mothers' support group; and no intervention. An epidemiological (general population) sample was recruited.ResultsAnalysis showed no significant difference between the groups. Within-group comparison suggested that at the end of treatment and at 6-month and 12-month follow-up, child problems and maternal depression had improved significantly in the CBT group.ConclusionsThere was no statistically significant difference between groups. Both contact interventions seemed to provide some benefits to mothers with depression, with a possibly improved outcome resulting from CBT for children with behavioural problems. The results must be treated with caution.
Common mental disorders among those attending primary health clinics and traditional healers in urban Tanzania
Authors: Ngoma Mdimu Charua , Prince Martin , Mann Anthony 
Published: September 2003

BackgroundTraditional healers provide a popular and accessible service across the African continent. Little is known of the characteristics or mental health status of those using these services.AimsTo determine and compare the prevalence of common mental disorder among, and the characteristics of, those attending primary health care clinics (PHCs) and traditional healer centres (THCs) in Dar-es-Salaam.MethodThe Clinical Interview Schedule – Revised was used to determine the prevalence of mental disorders in 178 patients from PHCs and 176 from THCs, aged 16–65 years.ResultsThe prevalence of common mental disorders among THC patients (48%) was double that of PHC patients (24%). Being older, Christian, better educated, and divorced, separated or widowed were independently associated with THC attendance. None of these factors explained the excess of mental disorder among THC attenders.ConclusionsThe high prevalence of mental disorders among THC attenders may reflect the failure of primary health care services adequately to detect and treat these common and disabling disorders. Traditional healers should be involved in planning comprehensive mental health care.