bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Snapshot of the Current Court System’s Nodes and Challenges
Authors: Lamandini Marco , Muñoz David Ramos 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis chapter provides a view of the current landscape of courts and quasi-courts (i.e. specialized bodies) in the field of financial dispute resolution in the European Union, and analyses how it works as a ‘system’. First, it analyses the system of ‘nodes’, or dispute resolution bodies in public law disputes, including the coordination between national and European courts, between national courts, and between courts and quasi-courts, i.e. specialized appeal bodies. Secondly, it analyses the system of nodes for private law disputes, including courts with a vocation for international financial and/or commercial disputes, such as the Financial List, or courts in France, Dubai, Abu Dhabi, China, or the US, mechanisms for mass, small-ticket disputes, ADR mechanisms, as well as the role of private law disputes as a follow-up of public law disputes, or an enforcement mechanism of public regulatory law. Finally, the chapter analyses the interplay between specialist financial courts and commercial and investment arbitration.
A way forward: Specialized courts in the law of finance in the EU
Authors: Lamandini Marco , Muñoz David Ramos 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis chapter draws lessons from the analysis in Chapters 12 and 13, and offers some conclusions about the role of specialized justice in financial disputes in the European Union, for both public law and private law disputes, using the existing legal basis in the Treaties. It discusses the existing precedent of the Unified Patent Court, as a mechanism outside the EU framework, but which applies EU law. The chapter also discusses the relationship of this specialist system with national systems of courts and dispute resolution, on the basis of the principles of procedural autonomy, equivalence, and effectiveness, as well as national constitutional counter-limits. It finishes with a cautious proposal to reform the existing court system in the law of finance.
“Not a Difference of Species”
Authors: Bryant Joan L. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The chapter locates the origins of race challenges in opposition to the American Colonization Society’s initiative to remove free people of color from the United States and settle them in Africa. It tracks how disavowals of Africa in anti-colonization meetings developed into claims to American nationality in the national conventions of the 1830s. It explains how this process affected the idea of an African race as free colored men struggled to forge a collective identity as American reformers. Their arguments against the idea that they naturally belonged in Africa highlighted and refuted the racial premise of colonization endeavors and American citizenship.
Prime Hands
Authors: Fields-Black Edda L. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This chapter discusses the Prime Hands on the cluster of plantations on the lower part of the Combahee River that were born between 1824 and 1844. It details the Prime Hands’ years of experience working at their crafts and completing whole tasks, such as identifying rice as the Carolina Colony’s staple crop. It also explores the marriage of Raid-era Prime Hands in the 1840’s and 1850’s in “slave custom”, noting that the overwhelming majority of Prime Hands married other Prime Hands. The chapter mentions Titus Burns, an enslaved class leader, that performed the marriage ceremony for Prime Hands William Young and Sina Bolze in January 1858 in the church on Cypress Plantation. It considers Prime Hands as the engines that generated millions of bushels of rice every year and made the Combahee planters very wealthy.
Forever Free
Authors: Fields-Black Edda L. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This chapter talks about the steamship Boston and many of its passengers that were freedwomen. It mentions Camp Saxton that was the home of the First South Carolina Volunteers, the first regiment of Black soldiers mustered into the US Army. It also recounts Rev. Dr. W. H. Brisbane, who was a former slaveholder that had emancipated the people he held in bondage on Lawtonville Plantation in Beaufort and had been the pastor of Beech Branch Baptist Church. The chapter points out how most elite South Carolinians, like Brisbane, were born and bred into a class which believed people of African descent were created by God to labor. It highlights the “grand triumph” of the Northerners who had left their homes and families to assist Blacks in Beaufort and on the Sea Islands in the Port Royal Experiment.
Trust
Authors: Hannan Jason 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Chapter 6 asks how we might confront the problem of trolling. It first revisits the conclusions of Amusing Ourselves to Death and After Virtue. Postman makes a desperate plea for turning to public schools as a mass medium for teaching television literacy and resisting the ideology of entertainment. MacIntyre calls for building local forms of community to resist the corrosive influence of liberal individualism upon our moral language. This chapter synthesizes their complementary pleas. Taking inspiration from the Hegelian philosopher Robert Brandom, it makes a case for building a spirit of trust to counter the culture of mass distrust that feeds the problem of political trolling. It further draws from Paulo Freire and bell hooks to propose a pedagogy of trust for creating “open learning communities.” It argues that classrooms can play a powerful role in building a spirit of trust, deflating mass cynicism, and countering the epidemic of trolling.
Expressive Arts Within a Liberation Psychology Framework in Field Education
Authors: Angulo Rafael C. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This chapter presents a powerful connection between the arts and practicum learning. A liberation psychology framework is deployed to cultivate students’ critical consciousness, to honor diversity, and to explore sensory ways of knowing. Described is the integration of expressive arts into fieldwork and assignments to promote self-awareness, advocacy, and social justice. The chapter expresses the belief that social work has lost its historic relationship to the arts; this loss of connectivity is viewed as a “tragedy,” one that has separated “the social worker from the poet, the dancer, the musician, the painter, the dramatist, the hip-hop rapper, and the filmmaker.”
Conducting Online Research in the Era of COVID
Authors: Arthur Marc , Pinto Rogério M. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Chapter 8 concludes the art-informed research section; it introduces a framework for online theatrical social work inquiry. Described are the roots of theater-based methods, and the benefits of virtual theater workshops, including forum theater and visualization exercises, are explored. Theater has a long history of being used by activists as a mechanism for raising awareness, unearthing discrimination and bias, including institutionalized stigma, and for promoting social change. The chapter opens with an impressive history of HIV/AIDS, chronicling the social factors and misunderstandings that have led to destructive stereotypes that continue to impede effective service delivery for the population with HIV/AIDS. A proposed implementation is described of virtual community-based theater methods to raise provider awareness of inherent biases, with the goal of improving overall HIV care. Insights are shared about the adaptability and accessibility of virtual modalities that readers will find applicable to their work across settings.
Social Determinants of Health
Authors: Fineberg Iris Cohen , Savara Jessica 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This chapter discusses the significance of different social determinants of health (SDOH), how these factors contribute to health disparities, and their connection with cancer prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and palliative care experiences. Financial toxicity illustrates how SDOH affect the lives of oncology patients and families, differentially burdening portions of the population. Since its origin, social work has recognized and prioritized the critical and transactional relationship between the environment and people’s life experiences. However, it has not specifically used the terminology of SDOH. Understanding the definitions, relationships, and significance of SDOH and health disparities is important for social workers in oncology and palliative care as interprofessional colleagues, advocates, clinicians, educators, and policymakers. Notably, social work’s provision of assessment, intervention, resource identification, patient/family and interprofessional education, and multilevel advocacy represent some of the profession’s critical roles in mitigating and eliminating health disparities.
Managing the Challenges of Leading Multiracial Churches
Authors: Edwards Korie Little , Kim Rebecca Y. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractLeading multiracial churches is exhausting. This is the case for all pastors, regardless of their race. Yet pastors of color experience unique and added burdens leading multiracial congregations. This chapter addresses these distinct and additional challenges and examines how pastors of color try to manage them. They rely on three strategies to manage their additional challenges and compensate for the dearth of resources available to them in their positions. One strategy is to overachieve, or at least achieve more than their white counterparts. A second strategy is to hide or suppress their racial selves in their role as head clergy, in an effort to minimize any negative effect that they perceive their racial minority status may have on their church. Although pastors of color can be quite critical of the religious structure and practices of their ethnoracial home churches, particularly in comparison to established white churches, many also find considerable and necessary social, psychological, and spiritual support from co-ethnic and co-racial ties, including those ties that come from their ethnic home church. This gives them the energy and courage to press on in their role as head clergy of multiracial congregations in what often feels like a wilderness experience. Thus, a third strategy is to get “recharged” by spending time with people, often other pastors, who share their ethnoracial identity. The chapter concludes with recommendations of what can be done to support the well-being of pastors of color in their role as head clergy of multiracial congregations.
Conclusion
Authors: Edwards Korie Little , Kim Rebecca Y. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe conclusion summarizes the book’s major findings and arguments. Together, they reveal that racial diversity in churches is a project of white Western Christianity. That is to say it is rooted in the theologies, cultures, and structures of white Western Christianity. The rewards of racial diversity in white Western Christianity are bestowed only under certain conditions. It must maintain the centering of whiteness. What this study reveals is that even if we are talking about the head pastor, this is the bargain that has been struck to do religious racial diversity. We propose that there are three factors that impact how they lead: passion, potential, and pressure. These three factors affect how they will practice pastoring a multiracial church in such a context and find opportunities for social change.
Anna Julia Cooper
Authors: Wright Almeda M. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Chapter 1 overviews Cooper’s contributions to educational and religious thought as well as her efforts to educate young Black men and women. Beginning with her early life, the chapter illustrates how Cooper’s early educational experiences alongside ministry candidates led to her calling as a teacher and an activist. The chapter carefully explores Cooper’s written publications, including A Voice from the South and a later unpublished essay, “Sketches from a Teacher’s Notebook.” It further discusses how Cooper’s activist views on education were shaped by her radical theology of progress that empowered Black people, especially women. This chapter highlights how Cooper embodied her radical theological and pedagogical commitments through her persistent advocacy for the education of Black youth amid her own personal struggles.
James Lawson
Authors: Wright Almeda M. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Chapter 6 overviews the unique life and pedagogy of James Lawson, the central strategist on nonviolence in the civil rights movement. An advocate for nonviolence, Lawson’s conviction can be traced from his mother’s admonition for a better way to Lawson’s inspiration by the works of Ghandi, and even to his missionary work centered on international resistance. Solidifying this conviction of nonviolence is its alignment with Christian values. This chapter illustrates how Lawson skillfully imparted this conviction of nonviolence to passionate, energetic young people. Lawson’s radical pedagogy involved warning his students of the dangers of unchecked emotions, leading his students in Christian praxis, and giving space for his students to speak and cultivate leadership skills. Lawson’s pedagogy also included the practice of radical listening, honoring the stories and experiences of Black men and women. Lastly, this chapter describes the application of Lawson’s educational activism: through practice, rehearsal, and preparation, Lawson and his students developed the mental fortitude required to stay true to their conviction of nonviolence.
Down with Career Politicians!
Authors: Ollion Étienne 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The book opens with a brief history of the term “career politicians.” The chapter shows that worries over “political professionalization” are consubstantial with the rise of democracy from its inception, in Europe as well as in the United States. In the 19th century, as hereditary claims to political office gave way to popular suffrage, more and more candidates could not afford to perform their duties without pay. Disputes over the legitimacy of financial remuneration for political service continued into the next century. The controversy would eventually quiet, but it bequeathed a nagging suspicion that politicians are motivated by monetary gain. This chapter traces the arc of the history of opposition to career politicians, from the right-wing criticism against workers entering politics to the stylized opposition between the people and the elites that took hold in the latter half of the 20th century. But why did this rhetoric acquire such resonance at that particular moment? And how did such a pure product of the French establishment as Macron manage to pass as an “outsider”? Drawing on an original, extensive data set, it identifies the central transformations of the political field since the 1970s, and in particular the closure of the French political field.
Agriculture Policy
Authors: Stull Valerie J. , Patz Jonathan A. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Climate change and agriculture share a bidirectional relationship; agricultural activities are both driving climate change and are directly impacted by it. Policies and farming activities that lead to deforestation or the conversion of marginal lands to crop production are damaging, often emitting extensive greenhouse gases and increasing environmental pollution, including hazardous nutrient runoff. Agriculture policy is often embedded in energy policy; production of crops for energy (biofuels) is a critical consideration for both human health and climate change. Subsidies and other agriculture policies in the United States incentivize widespread production of a few crops, especially corn, which leads to homogeneous land use, increased use of fertilizers, and pollution, and adversely affects food availability, energy independence, and human health. A healthy food system is diverse and resilient, supported by policies that promote crop rotation, reduce soil disturbance, lower reliance on resource-intensive inputs, and diversify diets.
Promoting Health Through Nature-Based Climate Solutions
Authors: Frumkin Howard , Shane Brendan , Schottland Taj 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Nature-based climate solutions represent a set of strategies and tools that can help mitigate carbon emissions, remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, promote adaptation to climate change, and build resilience. They need to be implemented as part of an integrated set of climate actions. They aim to accomplish specific mitigation and adaptation goals effectively, economically, and safely. They deliver a wide range of co-benefits, including co-benefits for health and well-being. Nature-based climate solutions can cause unintended and even harmful consequences, and therefore need to be carefully planned, implemented, and managed. This chapter explores nature-based climate solutions in cities as well as in rural and wildland areas. It discusses tradeoffs, policy levers, economic levers, communications, and equity considerations that arise in implementing nature-based climate solutions. The chapter also includes a textbox on ecosystem services and nature’s services to people, and a textbox on the number of trees that the world can support.
Communicating the Health Relevance of Climate Change
Authors: Sarfaty Mona , Maibach Edward 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Communication can be an indispensable strategy for education of patients, the public, and policymakers about the human health impacts of climate change and engaging them in solutions-oriented actions. Recently, there has been a large increase in public concern about climate change and growing public awareness of its relevance to human health. However, most people continue to see climate change as primarily an environmental, scientific, or political problem. Presenting health-framed information about climate change and measures to address climate change is effective for engaging people across the political spectrum on the issue and building public support for measures to address climate change. There is growing evidence on how to effectively present health-framed information about climate change. While misinformation and disinformation abound, there are proven strategies for “debunking” and “inoculating” people against erroneous and misleading information. The chapter also includes a textbox on principles of climate change communication.
Building Movements to Address Climate Change
Authors: Potter Teddie M. , Nerbonne Julia Frost , Surapaneni Vishnu Laalitha 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Effective social movements are necessary to address the climate crisis. Much can be learned from the experience of the Environmental Justice Movement and other social movements that have addressed environmental issues. Systematic movement building frameworks, such as those of Marshall Ganz and Manuel Pastor, can provide valuable guidance. Effective social movements engage in practical and systemic actions, and they build and maintain relationships. Policies and actions to address climate change are likely to succeed if they are associated with social movements that engage people, develop shared goals, pool their resources, and focus their energy. The chapter includes textboxes on the Climate and Health Movement, Greening of the Healthcare Sector and Three Innovative Climate Change Initiatives.
How to Take Skepticism Seriously
Authors: Leite Adam 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This book argues that external world skepticism is false for straightforward reasons. To make this case it develops and defends a neglected methodological approach involving a distinctive process of first-person reflection. We begin within the practices, procedures, and commitments of ordinary life and science. We then seek some reason to think skepticism true, carefully scrutinizing all the most important arguments. Finding no reason to think it true and decisive reasons to think it false, we reject it. As the book shows, this is a fully satisfactory refutation. No epistemological theorizing is needed. The book begins by exploring and defending this method in seminal works of G.E. Moore and J.L. Austin. Turning to contemporary epistemology, it asks why we shouldn’t appeal to considerations about the world when responding to skeptical argumentation. No good reason is found, despite exploration of a wide range of central issues in recent epistemology. To the contrary, perfectly ordinary examples indicate that it is correct to reject the skeptical scenarios—the dreaming worry, Descartes’ evil demon, the brain-in-a-vat—by appealing to things we know about the world. Likewise, considerations about sensory perception do not provide any reason to think our evidence excludes considerations about the world. Along the way, methodological lessons are drawn from consideration of the most important skeptical arguments in the contemporary literature. The book concludes by defending the satisfactoriness of its approach. What emerges is a new understanding of what philosophical illumination might look like in relation to core epistemological issues.
Epistemic Asymmetry
Authors: Leite Adam 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This chapter highlights and explores a feature of ordinary epistemic life that is central to the overall argument of the book. The Moorean anti-skeptic takes there to be an epistemic asymmetry between our situation in the actual world, in which we know and have good evidence that we are not being deceived by an evil demon, and the situation of an evil demon’s victims, who inevitably go wrong about what situation they are in. This chapter clarifies the notion of epistemic asymmetry and shows that there are perfectly ordinary examples of epistemic asymmetry that display exactly the structure the Moorean anti-skeptic postulates. This form of epistemic asymmetry is thus a familiar feature of ordinary epistemic life. There is consequently no reason to think that the structure of the skeptical scenarios prevents us from having good evidence against them or from knowing that they do not obtain.
Climate Change
Authors: Zack Naomi 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The subject matter of intersectionality cannot be predicted. But this is an asset, allowing for creativity and response to new oppressions. Intersectionality’s vagueness as a theory is like successful scientific theories, because varied applications of the theory become possible. A general need is answered by successful vague theories, and intersectionality provided ways for feminists to consider differences among women. Intersectionality can also be expanded beyond women. There are two limits to intersectionality. When it gets too specific, it becomes narrative and should be replaced by that. But when intersectionality is made more general, those who do not experience multiple oppressions may support solutions for those who do, because such solutions also benefit them.
Intersections within Intersections
Authors: Zack Naomi 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Transgender people who are obscure are treated differently from rich celebrities, and sex workers also experience different forms of abuse and discrimination if they are poor and unknown. Multi/mixed raced people are not fully accepted by the different racial groups in their makeup. These intersections within intersections all have at least one added factor of oppression that merits analyses. For transgender people and sex workers without prior resources, violence and death are disproportionately experienced. When multi/mixed race people present themselves as members of different races in different contexts, this is transraciality or passing. Passing from black to white met with extreme disapproval in the twentieth century, but in the twenty-first century, those passing from white to black have received the most severe censure.