bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Corruption in Republican Thought
Authors: Fezzi Luca 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
In associated life, corruption is one of the greatest problems of all time. In analysing the phenomenon, one can introduce a tripartition, not so much theoretical as functional: the corruption of a system, the corruption of rulers and the corruption of citizens, individually or as a whole. All three aspects are closely interrelated; the focus on the former—particularly accentuated in ancient Greek and Roman thought—only diminished in the age of revolutions, when political change lost its negative connotation. For thinkers of the ancient world and later for republicans, the main problem of corruption was and remains the drainage of resources at the expense of civic virtue and the public good. This chapter identifies the development of the idea of corruption from the Greek to the Roman world, to Machiavelli, Harrington, Sidney, Rousseau, and from the nineteenth-century separation between ‘ancients’ and ‘moderns’ to their partial historiographical reunion through late 20th and early 21st century interpretations that re-evaluate the role of ‘civic humanism’ and especially the ‘neo-Roman theory of free states’.
Domination
Authors: Gädeke Dorothea 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The republican concern with domination takes domination to refer to the denial of equal status as a free person. Yet, in contemporary republican debates this status-based core of the republican concern with domination has been curiously neglected. The earlier freedom-based and the more recent power-based approaches to conceptualizing domination tend to misconceive domination as an interactional wrong, thus jeopardizing the normative distinctiveness and the social-analytical potential of republicanism. This neglect of the status-based core of domination is rooted in a conceptual ambivalence of Pettit’s seminal account that can be remedied by reconceiving domination as a structurally constituted form of power. This reconceptualization not only takes the status-based core of republicanism seriously, it thus also helps address the most pertinent challenges that have been raised against the republican concern with domination, including the charges of being insufficiently distinct from the liberal concern with interference and of being too indiscriminate, making domination ubiquitous and non-domination impossible. The modified conception shows how domination is distinct, normatively speaking, expressing an ideal of the free person rather than free choice. And it captures the distinct social reality of domination: domination is more specific than merely being exposed to any random capacities to interfere; it refers to structurally constituted forms of power that establish asymmetry in standing.
Republican Criminal Justice
Authors: Layman Daniel 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Republicans endorse the ideal of non-domination, or freedom from arbitrary power. On the face of it, criminal punishment challenges this ideal; if all republican citizens are equally free and independent, by what right may the republic lock any of them in prisons and subject them to rule by wardens and police? Any republican theory of freedom and government that counts at least some criminal punishment as legitimate must explain the grounds and limits of the republic’s right to punish. Philip Pettit and Richard Dagger have each developed a comprehensive account of criminal justice. However, neither of their theories is wholly successful, as both are based on a flawed foundation. To develop an acceptable account of republican criminal justice, we need to lay republican foundations in individual rights based on equal moral dignity. With these foundations in place, we will see how and why republican criminal punishment is both desert-oriented and non-consequentialist.
Republican Political Economy
Authors: Lovett Frank 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
In the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, as the industrial revolution and rise of the working classes upended well-worn debates about sovereignty, the separation of powers, representative government, and so forth, political economy was becoming a central area of concern amongst the early modern or ‘classical’ republicans. Unfortunately, it was precisely around this time that the republican tradition fell into decline. As a result, classical republicans failed to produce a comprehensive account of political economy. It has largely fallen to contemporary republicans, reviving the tradition after a century and a half of relative neglect, to develop a republican theory of political economy. This chapter suggests what a republican political economy at its best and most persuasive might look like, illustrating how it represents a natural development from various suggestive hints left by classical republicans. Thus, contemporary republican political economy offers something similar to what the classical republicans might themselves have produced.
Transnational Justice in Europe
Authors: Weinke Annette 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Many transitional justice experts associate the birth and rise of their subdiscipline closely with the extreme and turbulent history of Europe in the “short” twentieth century. However, the “Europe” in question and the “European” characteristics of the field tend to remain vague in scholarly discourse of transitional justice. This chapter starts with discussing the paradox of how this understanding of Europe as advanced in transitional justice—which is above all a phenomenon of the post-1989 era—has its political-ideological roots in the Cold War era and associated conservative narratives of foundation and modernizations. The second section will then seek to unfold the evolution of transitional justice in twentieth-century Europe in a long durée perspective andby focusing on four selected conjunctures (set in the 1920s, 1940s, 1970s, and 1990s).
Regional Human Rights Arrangements
Authors: Baik Tae-Ung 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Many Asian states have demonstrated their commitment to human rights at both a domestic and international level. Yet Asia is also the only major region of the world without a regional human rights court or commission to provide a check on states. This chapter discusses the potential for establishing a regional human rights system in Asia. It begins with an introduction on how Asian states have developed their current human rights norms and practices through constitutional law, ratifying international human rights treaties, and cultivating “soft law” norms. The chapter then explores how a regional human rights mechanism might take root and function in Asia. In doing so, this chapter draws comparative insights from the development of regional human rights systems in Europe, the Americas, and Africa. Finally, the chapter examines existing efforts at regional and subregional integration in Asia. Although integration efforts to date have focused on economic issues, experiences from other parts of the world suggest that economic cooperation often leads to cooperation on other issues, including human rights.
Writing To and About Women
Authors: Hansen Moira 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The impact and influence of women, and Burns’s relationships with them, has long be acknowledged as a key component of the poet’s life and work. A significant body of myth and elaborated truths have grown around this aspect of Burns’s life, building an image of a man who could be a tender lover and an inveterate womanizer, and who used both these characteristics as inspirations for some of his most famous poems and songs. This chapter moves away from the representations of women in Burns’s creative work to explore his relationships with them through his correspondence, focusing on Frances Dunlop, Agnes McLehose, and Maria Riddell. In doing so, it explores his friendships with women and exposes the roles they played in his life beyond that of mistress or muse. It offers a more nuanced appreciation of the psychology of Burns’s relationships with women beyond the romantic or sexual, in turn offering an understanding of the emotional and psychological struggles of a man living with disordered moods, and moving in social circles so completely different to the society of his rural Ayrshire upbringing.
Robert Burns and the Visual Arts
Authors: Macdonald Murdo 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Through consideration of landscapes and monuments, this chapter goes beyond the portrait of Robert Burns by Alexander Nasmyth whilst acknowledging its significance. That significance is considered both in terms of the poet’s features (not least as explored by sculptors making memorials to Burns) and in terms of a tradition of art to which the portrait relates, namely European landscape painting. That landscape tradition underpins Nasmyth’s development of a sense of national landscape in Scotland. Such landscapes can in turn be seen as the context for monuments to Robert Burns, not least through David Octavius Hill’s series of images for The Land of Burns. Particular note is taken of the Greek revival work of Thomas Hamilton both at Alloway and in Edinburgh in the first third of the nineteenth century and the classical context those monuments gave for the first statue of Burns, that by John Flaxman, completed in 1826. The international distribution of statues in honour of Burns is explored through those made in the 1880s by John Steell, whose statues are sited in New York, Dundee, London, and Dunedin. A theme considered throughout is the significance of illustrated editions of Burns such as The National Burns, and their presence as aesthetic objects in their own right. Consistent with that, I note throughout the ‘hidden’ artists of the editions: the engravers.
Bard Behaviour
Authors: Carruthers Gerard , Smith George 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This essay outlines a brief history and modus operandi of Alexander Howland Smith, ‘Antique Smith’, the prolific nineteenth-century forger of poet Robert Burns. Its ultimate focus is the examination of a forensic multi-evidential approach employed by the Centre for Robert Burns Studies, University of Glasgow, to detect Smith fabrications of the Scottish Bard. Building on the earlier work of Professor J. DeLancey Ferguson and drawing upon primary source material, poet and forger, and secondary sources, the research explores macroscopic and microscopic tests and scientific analysis employed for the detection of Smith forgeries. Internal document evidence and aspects of the poet’s and forger’s hand writing have been scrutinized. Signature standards of both men have been collected and examined, utilizing juxtaposition photography as a methodology for detection. An Antique Smith and Robert Burns alphabet, upper and lower case, encompassing the four major periods of the poet’s handwriting, has been created for comparative purposes. Source materials have undergone scientific analysis, including investigations utilizing Raman microscopy, to determine the organic make-up of inks used by Burns and Smith. Employing this approach has enabled us to confidently differentiate an authentic Burns manuscript from a spurious Smith production.
The View from the Octagon
Authors: McIlvanney Liam 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The Octagon, the central plaza of the city of Dunedin in New Zealand’s South Island, is dominated by the Sir John Steell statue of Robert Burns. The city is also home to the Robert Burns Hotel and the Burns Building at the University of Otago, which sponsors the Robert Burns Fellowship, New Zealand’s premier literary residency. In part, the prominence of the Burns name in Dunedin testifies to a family connection: the Rev Thomas Burns, the poet’s nephew, who cofounded the settlement of Otago. But it also testifies to the ongoing cultural legacy of Scotland’s national poet in Aotearoa New Zealand. This chapter will discuss the influence of Burns on the Scots vernacular poetry of New Zealand—and also on the vernacular prose of works like Vincent Pyke’s 1884 Scots language novel, Craigielinn—with particular reference to the development and establishment of New Zealand literary and cultural identities. Beyond the colonial period, the chapter will assess the profound engagement with Robert Burns’s poetry in the work of New Zealand’s pre-eminent twentieth-century poet, James K. Baxter while also considering Burnsian encounters in the work of contemporary New Zealand writers. The chapter will also discuss the Burnsian contribution to NZ’s associational culture, looking in particular at the Dunedin Burns Club, as well as recent attempts to renovate the tradition of Burnsian poetry and song in contemporary Aotearoa. In so doing, it will provide a detailed and nuanced account of important aspects of Robert Burns’s Australasian afterlife.
Burns on Screen
Authors: Ritchie John 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Robert Burns is credited in hundreds of films; after all, almost any scene that occurs on December 31 features ‘Auld Lang Syne’. As a man, though,—a character, a presence in films—his appearances have been somewhat limited. The challenges of bringing Burns and his life to the screen are examined in this chapter. From the earliest example of his story being portrayed in the early twentieth century, films that feature his life are examined. The manners of these representations are considered and investigated in terms of filmic style and in tandem with audience, press, and critical receptions as well as reactions to the various portrayals of ‘our’ poet. Beginning with silent cinema interpretations of his works, the chapter moves to an in-depth case study of one of the first UK-produced ‘musicals’ in early sound films. A pivotal moment in representations of both Burns and in the history of British cinema, The Loves of Robert Burns (dir. H. Wilcox, 1930), is examined and brought to wider attention. The success (or otherwise) of the film is considered along with the positioning of Burns as a British figure who was simply too Scottish for UK and international audiences.
Robert Burns and the Inhuman
Authors: Wickman Matthew 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
A great deal of modern thought has been devoted to questions concerning the limits of our humanity. The ‘nonhuman’, for example, is a category referring to creatures other than humans; the ‘posthuman’ invokes beings who will persist after humans, or at least after inherited concepts of the human have run their course. Robert Burns helps us engage a third category of inquiry: the ‘inhuman’. The inhuman critically engages how our societies shape us, often to adverse ends, even as it invokes alternative ways of being. ‘To a Louse’ and ‘Death and Dr Hornbook. A True Story’ reveal Burns’s satirical but sober assessment of human possibility in a society of Enlightenment progress, or ‘improvement’, that falls short of its own ideals. While these poems do not present concrete alternatives to the moral and socioeconomic problems they identify, the nuances attending their energetic presentation suggest a degree of sustained optimism in other people, our societies, and ourselves.
‘I, Rob, am here’
Authors: McKeever Gerard Lee 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This chapter sheds new light on representations of becoming and belonging in Burns’s verse epistles, especially as they exist in dialogue with the touchstone subjects of religion, sex, masculinity, and social class. Moving through a combination of celebrated and lesser-known examples, the chapter positions Burns’s verse epistles as a distinctive component of his poetic self-realization and place-making in the Ayrshire, Edinburgh, and Dumfriesshire environments. Identifying a combination of autobiography and imaginative geography, the major readings here include the anti-poetry of ‘Epistle to Hugh Parker’, the violent bawdry of ‘Epistle to J. Rankine’, and the bizarre moon-hunting of ‘To W. Simson’. As the chapter argues, verse epistles’ mesh of correspondence and poetry can enact with remarkable efficiency the production of a delicate web of personality and attachment: writing that takes as its premise the idea that poetry might account for individuals and their place in the world. And yet for all their creative force, Burns’s verse epistles also register horizons to the power of the imagination to shape reality.
The Supernatural, Magic, and Religion
Authors: Sneddon Andrew 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn nineteenth and early twentieth-century Ireland, many committed Christians continued to believe in supernatural cursing and witchcraft; divination; holy wells; fairies; magical healing; and protective magic. These beliefs and practices were present in both Protestant and Catholic communities and were dynamic, evolving, and nuanced, differing according to region, locality, and personal preference. They were dismissed by journalists and the legal profession as superstitious throwbacks to an irrational, immoderate age. Church hierarchies denounced popular magic from pulpits and in church courts, as well as in print and in person, but this did little to eradicate them. Magic survived this opposition, and the medical, structural, and intellectual changes associated with modernity, because of its secretive nature and its selective appropriation of Christian doctrine and forms of devotion. It also helped people to deal with hard lives and uncertain futures and afforded, especially women, agency and a means of resistance against authority.
Being Catholic in Ireland
Authors: Inglis Tom 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Structural transformations, particularly the move away from the dominance of rural society and agriculture, and long-term processes of change, particularly globalization, have led to changes in the way Irish Catholics are religious. While there is still a high level of identification with being Catholic, this revolves more around family celebrations and cultural heritage rather than the institutional church as a means of attaining salvation. At the same time, being Catholic is no longer important to being honoured and respected and to attain social, political, and economic power. Finally, there is no longer the sense of fear of disobeying or challenging church teachings and its personnel.
Ireland After Secularization
Authors: Ganiel Gladys 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This chapter analyses Ireland, north and south, ‘after secularization’. It outlines theoretical approaches to secularization and explores indicators of secularization in Ireland. It argues that although both parts of Ireland remain more religious than most of Europe—Northern Ireland more so than the Republic—both are approaching typical European levels of secularization. It explores factors that have contributed to secularization, and analyses how religion has persisted. Finally, it explores the changing role of religion during the COVID-19 pandemic. There is evidence both for an acceleration of secularization, and an intensification of religiosity among those who attended religious services prior to the pandemic. These trends are not necessarily contradictory. In fact, these trends were already underway, and the pandemic may accelerate their development, leading to a greater divide between those for whom faith is important, and those for whom it is not.
Perspectives on Cultural Evolution from Pioneers of the Field
Authors: Jackson Joshua Conrad , Dunstone Juliet 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Studies of cultural evolution frequently analyse deep human history, but the modern science of cultural evolution has a surprisingly short past. After briefly reviewing the last 200 years of cultural evolutionary thinking, the authors highlight the work of eight pioneering scholars in a set of interviews. Each scholar reflects on their definition of cultural evolution, their journey to studying cultural evolution, their perception of changes in cultural evolutionary science, and their vision for the future of the field. Interviews show the interdisciplinary breadth of cultural evolutionary science, and the diverse perspectives that have shaped the field’s early development. The authors intersperse each scholar’s reflections with their own perspective as early career researchers within cultural evolution science.
Experienced Clinical Decision-Making in Physical Therapist Management of Concussion: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Galgon Anne K , Bliss Rebecca A 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Objective
The recent publication of the Physical Therapy Evaluation and Treatment After Concussion Clinical Practice Guideline is intended to assist clinicians in their decision-making specific to evaluation and intervention. Clinical practice guidelines are supported by best available evidence, though it is unknown what other factors drive clinical decision-making in the realm of concussion management. The purpose of this study was to explore factors related to the process of clinical decision-making of experienced physical therapists who treat individuals with concussion.

Methods
This grounded theory approach used semi-structured interviews of physical therapists who have practiced concussion management ≥3 years and have treated ≥15 individuals for postconcussion symptoms in the last year. Following the inductive approach, deductive qualitative methodology was used to explore alignment with recent guidelines. Member checking was used to ensure trustworthiness.

Results
Ten therapists’ experience in treating concussion ranged from 5 to 20 years. Four overarching themes were identified that contribute to clinical decision-making: expert practice behaviors through use of reflection in action, clinical reasoning, collaboration, and evidenced informed practice; therapeutic alliance building using individualized education, reassurance, and relationship building; adaptability in prioritizing, assessing, and responding to patients’ needs; and listening and observing. Clinician decision-making statements showed alignment with clinical practice guideline recommendations.

Conclusion
Experienced therapists demonstrate a consistent approach that parallels the current clinical practice guideline while building off clinical experience to tailor individualized care focusing on patient centeredness. These factors may assist more novice clinicians to develop and improve their management strategies for optimal outcomes.

Impact
Identified themes may broaden frameworks and guidelines for the management of individuals postconcussion specific to the field of physical therapy.
Positioning in Global Value Chains: World Map and Indicators, a New Dataset Available for GVC Analyses
Authors: Mancini M , Montalbano P , Nenci S , Vurchio D 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This work reviews and computes the commonly used Global Value Chains (GVC) positioning indicators found in the empirical literature, providing scholars with a novel and comprehensive global dataset of upstreamness and downstreamness measures. This dataset covers a wide range of countries, including many developing nations, and industries, and spans an extensive timeframe. Specifically, it offers GVC positioning indicators for all economies and industries included in prominent Inter-Country Input-Output tables, such as ADB, EORA, OECD TiVA, WIOD, and Long-run WIOD. This work also delves into the degree of comparability across the different datasets, offering informative comparisons of the GVC positioning measures encompassing overlapping countries and periods, sectors, geographical regions, and income levels. Notably, these indicators are “ready-to-use” and open access, presenting an exceptional opportunity for qualitative and quantitative analyses of various economic dimensions on GVCs and for informing policymaking.