bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Toxic leadership and its relationship with outcomes on the nursing workforce and patient safety: a systematic review
Authors: Labrague Leodoro J. 
Published: October 2023

Purpose
This study aims to appraise and synthesize evidence examining the effects of toxic leadership on the nursing workforce and patient safety outcomes.

Design/methodology/approach
This is a systematic review in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses protocol. Five electronic databases (SCOPUS, PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL and Psych INFO) were searched to identify relevant articles. Two independent researchers conducted the data extraction and appraisal. A content analysis was used to identify toxic leadership outcomes.

Findings
The initial literature search identified 376 articles, 16 of which were deemed relevant to the final review. Results of the content analysis identified 31 outcomes, which were clustered into five themes: satisfaction with work; relationship with organization; psychological state and well-being; productivity and performance; and patient safety outcomes. Seven mediators between toxic leadership and five outcomes were identified in the included studies.

Practical implications
Organizational strategies to improve outcomes in the nursing workforce should involve measures to build and develop positive leadership and prevent toxic behaviors among nurse managers through theory-driven strategies, human resource management efforts and relevant policy.

Originality/value
The review findings have provided modest evidence suggesting that working under a leader who exhibits toxic behaviors may have adverse consequences in the nursing workforce; however, more research examining if this leadership style influences patient safety and care outcomes is warranted.
Engaging communities as partners: policing strategies in Johannesburg
Authors: Mangai Mary S. , Masiya Tyanai , Masemola Galaletsang 
Published: October 2023

Purpose
This paper aims to explore police perspectives on community engagement strategies within the context of crime prevention in South Africa, focusing on Johannesburg metropolitan police stations. The study’s objective is to scrutinise the effectiveness and challenges of community policing strategies.

Design/methodology/approach
Through a qualitative research approach, this study conducted unstructured interviews with station commanders and visible policing officers across 10 Johannesburg metropolitan police stations.

Findings
The findings reveal that community policing strategies, such as community–policing forums, sector policing, street patrollers and social media utilisation, can effectively engage communities as partners in crime prevention. However, certain challenges such as resource limitations and difficulties in policing-specific regions, were also identified.

Originality/value
This study contributes to the broader understanding of community–policing partnerships and the practical implications of community–policing strategies in South Africa, suggesting areas for improvement and adaptation to the unique South African context. This knowledge can help optimise efforts to foster stronger relationships between police and communities, bolster public trust and ultimately improve crime prevention outcomes.
Conflict and antagonism within global psychiatry: A discourse analysis of organisational responses to the UN reports on rights‐based approaches in mental health
Authors: Oute Jeppe , McPherson Susan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBetween 2017 and 2020, the UN Special Rapporteur (SR) Dainius Puras published three reports that called for significant changes to organisation, funding and service provision in mental health care in ways that emphasise inclusive, rights‐oriented, democratic and sustainable community health services. This article aims to examine formal organisational responses to the UN mental health reports and consider the underlying arguments that either support or delegitimise the SR stance on the need for a paradigmatic shift towards a human rights‐based approach to mental health. By combining several different search strategies to identify organisational responses across the web, a total of 13 organisational responses were included in the analysis. Given the political nature of the responses, concepts from discourse theory were used to analyse the responses. The analysis showed how the responses articulated two binary positions and contesting articulations of good mental health care, which formed a backdrop for rejecting the SR reports in defence of psychiatry. The discussion elucidates how the responses tend to resemble previous ways in which critique has been dealt with mainly by ‘biological psychiatry’, but that the counter‐critical nature of the medical and psychiatric organisational responses remains in contrast to the broader reception within the UN community.
Addiction stigma and opioid use in chronic non‐cancer pain management in Nigeria
Authors: Nelson Ediomo‐Ubong E. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis study uses 26 in‐depth interviews conducted with people who use drugs (PWUD) who had sought care for chronic non‐cancer pain in public health facilities in Nigeria, to explore how drug consumption stigma constitutes patient legitimacy based on neoliberal ideals. It found drug consumption stigma to be salient and pervasive in PWUD health‐care encounters, operating through interpersonal interactions and institutionalised policies and practices to shape access to care. Crucially, stigma emerged through disciplinary opioid prescribing and dispensing practices that defined, categorised and marginalised PWUD based on how their drug consumption disrupted normative values of rationality and responsibility. Accounts additionally revealed disengagement from biomedical care and reliance on alternative pain management approaches (e.g. herbal remedies and illegal drugs), which show how structural positions shape the exercise of choice and agency in socially marginalised populations. In conclusion, the study considers the need to improve the health‐care experiences of PWUD as a strategy for enhancing health‐care engagement and improving health outcomes. It called for interventions to address the structural factors and interactional dynamics that influence stigma in health‐care settings as well as for a review of current guidelines and practices to improve access to opioids for chronic non‐cancer pain management.
Cardiogenic shock in pregnancy
Authors: Greer Orene Y. O. , Anandanadesan Rathai , Shah Nishel M. , Price Susanna , Johnson Mark R. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractCardiac disease complicates 1%–4% of pregnancies globally, with a predominance in low and middle‐income countries (LMICs). Increasing maternal age, rates of obesity, cardiovascular comorbidities, pre‐eclampsia and gestational diabetes all contribute to acquired cardiovascular disease in pregnancy. Additionally, improved survival in congenital heart disease (CHD) has led to increasing numbers of women with CHD undergoing pregnancy. Implementation of individualised care plans formulated through pre‐conception counselling and based on national and international guidance have contributed to improved clinical outcomes. However, there remains a significant proportion of women of reproductive age with no apparent comorbidities or risk factors that develop heart disease during pregnancy, with no indication for pre‐conception counselling. The most extreme manifestation of cardiac disease is cardiogenic shock (CS), where the primary cardiac pathology results in inadequate cardiac output and hypoperfusion, and is associated with significant mortality and morbidity. Key to management is early recognition, intervention to treat any potentially reversible underlying pathology and supportive measures, up to and including mechanical circulatory support (MCS). In this narrative review we discuss recent developments in the classification of CS, and how these may be adapted to improve outcomes of pregnant women with, or at risk of developing, this potentially lethal condition.
Understanding teachers' responses to anxiety in children with autism at elementary schools and preschools
Authors: González Osvaldo Hernández , Spencer Contreras Rosario Elena , Luciano Juan Francisco Lagos , Sanz‐Cervera Pilar , Tárraga‐Mínguez Raúl 
Published: October 2023

AbstractA total of 40% of children with ASD have clinical symptoms of anxiety. However, there is little research on how teachers respond to this type of behaviour in the classroom. This study aimed to compare teachers' responses towards the anxiety of students with ASD and to explore the relationship between these responses and their ASD awareness and emotional regulation strategies. A quantitative study was conducted using a non‐probabilistic sample of 139 Cuban teachers from primary schools and preschools. The results indicate that teachers responses towards the anxiety of students with ASD vary in relation to age, experience in inclusive schools, specific training on educating students with ASD and teaching stage, as well as the type of anxiety. The findings also revealed that emotional regulation and knowledge about ASD had a significant impact on teachers' responses. Practical implications and future lines of research are discussed.
Incidence and disease‐related risk factors for cerebrovascular accidents in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Wan Jian , Wang Xuan , Zhang Yu Jie , Yin Yue , Wang Zhuo , Che Xiao , Chen Min , Liang Jie , Wu Kai Chun 
Published: October 2023

ObjectivesRisk of cerebrovascular accidents (CVAs) in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) remains inconclusive. In this systematic review and meta‐analysis, we aimed to estimate the incidence of and identify the risk factors for CVA in patients with IBD.MethodsPubMed, EMBASE and Web of Science were searched for articles published up to January 13, 2023 to identify those reported the incidence of CVA in IBD patients, along with the total person‐years or related data to calculate it. The main outcomes were the incidence of and risk factors for CVA in IBD.ResultsBased on the analysis of 10 studies, the pooled incidence of CVA in IBD patients was 2.74 per 1000 person‐years (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.83–4.10 person‐years; I2 = 99.2%), which was higher than that in the general population (incidence rate ratio [IRR] 1.21, 95% CI 1.09–1.34, P = 0.0002; I2 = 84.8%). Risk factors for CVA in IBD patients were age (significance in different definitions), ulcerative colitis (IRR 1.214, 95% CI 1.000–1.474, P = 0.0499; I2 = 81.9%), disease flares (IRR 1.699, 95% CI 1.359–2.122, P < 0.0001; I2 = 28.7%) and chronic activity (IRR 2.202, 95% CI 1.378–3.519, P = 0.0010; I2 = 83.0%).ConclusionsThe risk of CVA modestly increased in IBD patients. Both the traditional and IBD‐related risk factors should be managed to prevent CVA in these patients. Since the effects of risk factors were derived from pooled results of only 2–3 studies, further research is needed to confirm our results.
Long short‐term memory model for predicting groundwater level in Alabama
Authors: Robinson Victoria , Ershadnia Reza , Soltanian Mohamad Reza , Rasoulzadeh Mojdeh , Guthrie Gregory M. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractGroundwater serves as a primary source of public‐water and agricultural supply in many areas of Alabama, in particular during drought periods. Long‐term climatic models for the southeastern United States indicate that the region will be subjected to more intense and more frequent precipitation events, with no overall change in the amount of precipitation, resulting in increased runoff and reduced aquifer recharge. Reliable prediction of groundwater levels would be beneficial to water resources decision makers and stakeholders especially for time‐sensitive decisions. This paper uses a compound application of continuous wavelet transform (CWT) analysis and long short‐term memory (LSTM) framework to address the major question with regards to groundwater level: “how long does it take for groundwater to respond to major precipitation events and what is the magnitude of the response?” CWT analysis is used to answer the “how long” part in this question, while the LSTM is used to answer the “what is the magnitude” part of the question. The insights from CWT analysis related to the short‐term and long‐term response in groundwater level were used to set the parameters of the LSTM model. The LSTM model uses daily groundwater levels, precipitation, and maximum/minimum temperatures as input data. The model was able to provide predictions within a 95% confidence interval of actual groundwater levels. The findings of this study suggest a workflow for groundwater level forecasting in the wells of Alabama given a minimum amount of easy‐to‐measure and widely available data.
Development and validation of a nomogram based on preoperative variables for predicting recurrence‐free survival in stage IA lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Xu Jiaxi , Zeng Hui , Zhang Guochao , Li Renda , Yuan Zhenlong , Ren Jingyu , Huang Yufei , Ren Fangzhou , Zhang Hao , Fei Kailun , Feng Feiyue , Tan Fengwei 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to establish a nomogram for predicting risk of recurrence and provide a model for decision‐making between lobectomy and sublobar resection in patients with stage IA lung adenocarcinoma.MethodsPatients diagnosed with stage IA lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) between December 2010 and October 2018 from Cancer Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences were included. Patients were randomly assigned to training and validation cohorts, accounting for 70% and 30% of the total cases, respectively. We collected laboratory variables before surgery. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed in the training cohort to identify variables significantly associated with recurrence‐free survival (RFS) which were subsequently used to construct a nomogram. Validation was conducted in both cohorts. A receiver operating characteristic curve was used to determine the optional cutoff values of the scores calculated from the nomogram. Patients were then divided into low‐ and high‐risk groups. Survival was performed to determine if the nomogram could guide the operation method.ResultsA total of 543 patients were included in this study. Gender, albumin level, carcinoembryonic antigen level and cytokeratin‐19‐fragment level were included in the nomogram. In both cohorts, the nomogram stratified the patients into high‐ and low‐risk groups in terms of RFS. In particular, there was a significant difference in RFS between lobectomy and sublobar resection in the high‐risk group.ConclusionsGender, albumin level, carcinoembryonic antigen level and cytokeratin‐19‐fragment level are valuable markers in predicting recurrence and can guide surgical practice in patients with stage IA LUAD.
Finland: Political Developments and Data in 2022
Authors: PALONEN EMILIA 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn 2022, Finland applied for NATO membership as a reaction to Russia's attack on Ukraine with full parliamentary support. The Marin government pushed through reforms, which in the autumn got contested. Frictions emerged within the government in anticipation of the general election in 2023. In January 2022, the first regional elections were held, with victory to the opposition party National Coalition. One of the traditional ruling parties, Centre, demonstrated its appeal, despite falling support nationwide. PM Sanna Marin's Social Democrats became second. Finland received much attention abroad due to the war and NATO membership application, but PM Marin's party videos also made headlines worldwide. In Finnish politics and society, attention was shifted overnight from the COVID‐19 pandemic to the war in Ukraine and what the effects of the drastically changing relations to the neighbouring Russia would be.
Healthcare professionals' experiences and perceptions of artificial intelligence in regional and rural health districts in Australia
Authors: Shinners Lucy , Aggar Christina , Stephens Alexandre , Grace Sandra 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIntroductionA greater understanding of Australian healthcare professionals' perceptions of artificial intelligence (AI) is needed to identify the challenges ahead as this new technology finds its way into healthcare delivery.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to identify healthcare professionals' perceptions of AI, their understanding of this technology, their education needs and barriers they perceived to its implementation.DesignHealthcare professionals in eight local health districts in New South Wales Australia were surveyed using the Shinners Artificial Intelligence Perception (SHAIP) tool.FindingsThe study surveyed 176 participants from regional (59.5%), rural (36.4%) and metropolitan (4.0%) healthcare districts in Australia. Only 27% of all participants stated they are currently using AI in the delivery of care. The study found that Age, Discipline, Use of AI and Desire for Education had a significant effect on perceptions of AI, and that overall healthcare professionals believe AI will impact their role and they do not feel prepared for its use. The study showed that understanding of AI is varied and workforce knowledge is seen as the greatest barrier to implementation. More than 75% of healthcare professionals desire education about AI, its application and ethical implications to the delivery of care.ConclusionThe development of education is needed urgently to prepare healthcare professionals for the implementation of AI.
Barriers and enablers to implementation of COVID‐19 vaccine programs in a rural and regional Queensland: A provider perspective
Authors: Oversby Shannen , Hamilton Elizabeth M. , Ratsch Angela , Kitchener Scott 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIntroductionVaccines formed the core of Australia's National COVID‐19 Plan in combination with other public health measures. Vaccine rates varied geographically, and lower uptake was seen in some regional and remote areas.ObjectiveExplore barriers and enablers to implementing COVID‐19 vaccine programs and recommendations for improvement from a vaccine provider perspective in rural and regional Queensland (QLD).DesignParticipants included eleven healthcare personnel (HCP) from rural (45%) and regional (55%) settings in the Wide Bay region, QLD, Australia. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted to identify barriers and enabling factors HCP experienced implementing COVID‐19 programs, in addition to their recommendations to optimise ongoing implementation of vaccine programs. Braun and Clarke's reflexive thematic analysis of interview transcripts was performed, and over‐arching themes were identified.FindingsFour barrier themes were identified: 1. operational barriers, 2. communication issues, 3. financial constraints, and 4. leadership and coordination. Four enabler themes were also identified: 1. adaptability; 2. prior experience and knowledge; 3. collaboration and teamwork; and 4. community engagement. Recommendations for optimising ongoing vaccine rollout included reducing the administrative burden on providers, increasing involvement of primary care and the private sector in planning and decision making, improving communication methods, reviewing financial remuneration for private providers, and decentralising decision‐making.DiscussionThere were multiple barriers and enablers to implementation of COVID‐19 programs experienced by rural and regional HCP in the Wide Bay region of QLD which were consistent with existing literature.ConclusionA range of actionable recommendations were identified that could optimise the COVID‐19 vaccine program and future vaccine programs in rural and regional areas.
Prolonged shedding of viable SARS‐CoV‐2 in immunocompromised patients with haematological malignancies: A prospective study
Authors: Ichikawa Takaya , Tamura Tomokazu , Takahata Mutsumi , Ishio Takashi , Ibata Makoto , Kasahara Ikumi , Minauchi Koichiro , Yamamoto Satoshi , Teshima Takanori , Fukuhara Takasuke 
Published: October 2023

SummaryProlonged SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in immunocompromised individuals has been scattered, but the details remain unclear. We conducted a prospective study with 26 COVID‐19 patients with haematological malignancies to determine viral shedding kinetics and characteristics. We obtained nasopharyngeal swabs from the patients 21–28 days post‐onset for a PCR test and performed virus isolation from the PCR‐positive samples. A viable virus was detected in five patients (19.2%), all of whom had malignant lymphoma. Those patients had significantly lower CD4+ T‐cell counts than the PCR‐negative patients. A comparison of previous chemotherapy showed that anti‐CD20 antibodies and bendamustine may be risk factors for prolonged viral shedding.
The optimal specific or ad valorem tax when the other tax is exogenously imposed in a free‐entry Cournot oligopoly market
Authors: Hamada Kojun , Ohkawa Takao , Okamura Makoto 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis study examines how optimal specific or ad valorem taxation in a free‐entry Cournot oligopoly market is affected by a change in another exogenously given tax. We derive the sufficient conditions for the uniqueness of the optimal tax rate, which are related to the concavity of the marginal revenue and the log‐concavity of the first derivative of the average cost function. By guaranteeing the uniqueness, we can conduct a comparative statics analysis on the optimal tax rate. We show that a marginal increase in another tax can paradoxically reduce prices and decrease the optimal tax rate.
Forest resistance to drought in a humid tropical dipterocarp forest in the Western Ghats of India
Authors: Machado Siddarth , Valle Denis , Toh Kok Ben , Johnson Daniel J. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractDroughts are linked to tree die‐offs in the biodiverse humid tropics. We assessed drought response of a Dipterocarp Forest and found a marginal decrease in tree survival, indicating drought resistance. Understory and emergent species were sensitive to drought. Urgent focus is needed to understand drought impacts and plant physiological responses in South Asian forests.