bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acetylshikonin induces apoptosis through the endoplasmic reticulum stress‐activated PERK/eIF2α/CHOP axis in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Yuan Ya‐Jiao , Liu Shanshan , Yang Hong , Xu Jian‐Ling , Zhai Jing , Jiang Han‐Ming , Sun Beibei 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAcetylshikonin (AS) is an active component of Lithospermum erythrorhizon Sieb. et Zucc that exhibits activity against various cancers; however, the underlying mechanisms of AS against oesophageal squamous carcinoma (ESCC) need to be elusive. The research explores the anti‐cancer role and potential mechanism of AS on ESCC in vitro and in vivo, providing evidences for AS treatment against ESCC. In this study, we firstly demonstrated that AS treatment effectively inhibits cell viability and proliferation of ESCC cells. In addition, AS significantly induces G1/S phage arrest and promotes apoptosis in ESCC cell lines. Further studies reveal that AS induces ER stress, as observed by dose‐ and time‐dependently increased expression of BIP, PDI, PERK, phosphorylation of eIF2α, CHOP and splicing of XBP1. CHOP knockdown or PERK inhibition markedly rescue cell apoptosis induced by AS. Moreover, AS treatment significantly inhibits ESCC xenograft growth in nude mice. Elevated expression of BIP and CHOP is also observed in xenograft tumours. Taken together, AS inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis through ER stress‐activated PERK/eIF2α/CHOP pathway in ESCC, which indicates AS represents a promising candidate for ESCC treatment.
Long‐term glucocorticoids in relation to the metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Kuckuck Susanne , Lengton Robin , Boon Mariëtte R. , Boersma Eric , Penninx Brenda W. J. H. , Kavousi Maryam , van Rossum Elisabeth F. C. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe striking link of Cushing's syndrome with the metabolic syndrome (MetS) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) suggests that long‐term exposure to extremely high cortisol levels catalyzes cardiometabolic deterioration. However, it remained unclear whether the findings from the extreme glucocorticoid overabundance observed in Cushing's syndrome could be translated into more subtle variations in long‐term glucocorticoid levels among the general population, for example, due to chronic stress. Here, we performed a systematic review (PROSPERO: CRD42023425541) of evidence regarding the role of subtle variations in long‐term biological stress, measured as levels of scalp hair cortisol (HairF) and cortisone (HairE), in the context of MetS and CVD in adults. We also performed a meta‐analysis on the cross‐sectional difference in HairF levels between individuals with versus without CVD. Seven studies were included regarding MetS, sixteen regarding CVD, and one regarding both. Most articles indicated a strong, consistent cross‐sectional association of higher HairF and HairE levels with CVD, which was confirmed by our meta‐analysis for HairF (eight studies, SMD = 0.48, 95% confidence intervals [CIs]: 0.16–0.79, p = 0.0095). Moreover, these relationships appear largely independent of standard risk factors. Age seems relevant as the effect seems stronger in younger individuals. Results regarding the associations of HairF and HairE with MetS were inconsistent. Altogether, long‐term biological stress, measured as HairF and HairE, is associated with the presence of CVD, and less consistently with MetS. Prospective studies need to evaluate the directionality of this relationship and determine whether HairF and HairE can be used in addition to standard risk factors in predicting future cardiometabolic deterioration.
Effect of recombinant bovine somatotropin on the reproductive efficiency of beef cows subjected to differently timed‐artificial insemination protocols
Authors: Gasseferth Grassiele , Gaievski Francisco Romano , Bergstein‐Galan Tácia Gomes , Júnior Adalberto Gassenferth , Bragato Angelo , Valle Vitor Mohad , Rosa Gabriela Volf Andrade , Souza Fernando Andrade , de Pauli Thomaz Marina , Kozicki Luiz Ernandes 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis study aimed to verify the reproductive efficiency of beef cows treated with recombinant bovine somatotropin (rbST). Study 1, Bos indicus cows were distributed (three groups). The control group (CG) was subjected: on day zero (d0), the animals received a CIDR and oestradiol benzoate (EB); on (d8, CIDR was removed, and PGF2α and oestradiol cypionate (EC) were administered; on d10, timed Artificial Insemination (TAI) was performed; on d45, pregnancy diagnosis was made. The rbST on d0 group (bST0G) was subjected to an identical protocol as CG, except for the addition of 250 mg rbST on d0. The rbST on d8 group (bST8G) was subjected to the same protocol as bST0G, except that the rbST was administered on d8 rather. In study 2, the animals followed the same design which was used in Bos taurus cows. The follicular growth rate (FGR) was calculated between d8 and d10. In study 1, pregnancy/artificial insemination (P/AI) did not differ among the treatments. FGR in bST8G was higher than in other groups. In study 2, bST0G showed higher Pregnancy/Artificial Insemination (P/AI) (p < .05) when compared with other groups. bST0G showed a different FGR (p < .0001) than the other groups. In conclusion, rbST (Bos indicus cows) did not increase P/AI, but it did promote follicular growth when administered on d8; the rbST administered on d0 improved P/AI (p < .05) and the FGR in Bos taurus cows.
An effective strategy for identifying autogenous regulation of transcription factors in filamentous fungi
Authors: Qin Longguang , Guo Shuhui , Li Ang , Fan Lu , Tan Kaeling , Wong Koon Ho 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT
Transcription factors (TFs) play a crucial role in regulating gene expression in living organisms, and any malfunction in their functions can lead to severe physiological consequences. The regulation of TFs occurs at multiple levels, with autogenous regulation being a common mode of regulation where the expression of a TF gene is dependent on its own function. Although bioinformatics analysis of promoter sequences is frequently used to predict autogenous regulation events, it is not entirely reliable. In this study, we present a simple yet effective strategy to identify the autogenous regulation of a TF. We have demonstrated the effectiveness of this method on three fungal TFs (the Carbon Catabolite Repressor CreA and two uncharacterized TFs of secondary metabolism) and have generated a set of plasmids to facilitate the construction of experimental strains in fungi. Our method can be applied to both positive and negative-acting TFs and generalized for other organisms. Hence, this work provides a reliable and straightforward method for identifying autogenous regulation events, which is useful for understanding TFs’ functions.

IMPORTANCE
Transcription factors (TFs) play a crucial role in deciphering biological information from the DNA of living organisms. Improper regulation of their functions can disrupt cellular physiology and lead to diseases in humans. As one of the key regulatory mechanisms, some TFs control their own expression levels through autogenous regulation. However, identifying autogenous regulation events of TFs has been a tedious task. In this study, we present a straightforward approach that provides a reliable means to identify TF autogenous regulation events. Our method provides a valuable means for understanding the function of this important class of proteins in cells.
Clinical biomarker-based biological ageing and future risk of neurological disorders in the UK Biobank
Authors: Mak Jonathan K L , McMurran Christopher E , Hägg Sara 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundMany common neurological disorders are associated with advancing chronological age, but their association with biological age (BA) remains poorly understood.MethodsWe studied 325 870 participants in the UK Biobank without a diagnosed neurological condition at baseline and generated three previously-described measures of BA based on 18 routinely measured clinical biomarkers (PhenoAge, Klemera-Doubal method age (KDMAge), homeostatic dysregulation age). Using survival models, we assessed the effect of advanced BA on incident neurological diagnoses, including all-cause and cause-specific dementia, ischaemic stroke, Parkinson’s disease and motor neuron disease.ResultsDuring a mean follow-up of 9.0 years, there were 1397 incident cases of dementia and 2515 of ischaemic stroke, with smaller case numbers of other diagnoses. The strongest associations with a 1 SD in BA residual were seen for all-cause dementia (KDMAge HR=1.19, 95% CI=1.11 to 1.26), vascular dementia (1.41, 1.25 to 1.60) and ischaemic stroke (1.39, 1.34 to 1.46). Weaker associations were seen for Alzheimer’s disease and motor neuron disease, while, in contrast, HRs for Parkinson’s disease tended to be <1. Results were largely consistent after adjustment for disease-specific covariates including common cardiometabolic risk factors.ConclusionsAdvanced BA calculated from routine clinical biomarker results increases the risk of subsequent neurological diagnoses including all-cause dementia and ischaemic stroke.
Factors associated with bacterial sexually transmitted infections among people of South Asian ethnicity in England
Authors: Dhairyawan Rageshri , Shah Ammi , Bailey Julia , Mohammed Hamish 
Published: November 2023

ObjectivesDespite being the largest ethnic minority group in England, South Asians have historically had low levels of utilisation of sexual health services (SHS) and sexually transmitted infection (STI) diagnoses, although recent data suggests this may be changing. This study aimed to investigate factors associated with a bacterial STI diagnosis among South Asians attending SHS in England.MethodsUsing data from the GUMCAD STI Surveillance system, a descriptive analysis of South Asians attending SHS in England in 2019 was carried out. Factors associated with a bacterial STI diagnosis were examined using univariate and multivariable logistic regression models adjusted for age, Asian ethnic subgroup, HIV status, patient’s region of residence and Index of Multiple Deprivation quintile. Analyses were stratified by gender and sexual orientation (heterosexual male versus gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men (GBMSM) versus women of any sexual orientation). Crude and adjusted associations were derived using binary logistic regression.ResultsThere were 121 842 attendances by South Asians to SHS in England in 2019. Compared with heterosexual South Asian men, GBMSM had a higher odds of being diagnosed with a bacterial STI (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 2.32, 95% CI 2.19 to 2.44) and South Asian women had a lower odds (aOR 0.83, 95% CI 0.78 to 0.87). For women and heterosexual South Asian men, a diagnosis was associated with younger age, being of any other Asian background other than Bangladeshi, Indian or Pakistani and not being HIV positive. For heterosexual South Asian men, there was an association with increasing socioeconomic deprivation. For GBMSM, a bacterial STI diagnosis was associated with known HIV-positive status and living in London.ConclusionPeople of South Asian ethnicity in England are heterogeneous with regard to their sexual health needs, which should be explored further through focused research and policy.
A Systematic Literature Review on Multimodal Image Fusion Models With Challenges and Future Research Trends
Authors: Ravi Jampani , Narmadha R. 
Published: November 2023

Imaging technology has undergone extensive development since 1985, which has practical implications concerning civilians and the military. Recently, image fusion is an emerging tool in image processing that is adept at handling diverse image types. Those image types include remote sensing images and medical images for upgrading the information through the fusion of visible and infrared light based on the analysis of the materials used. Presently, image fusion has been mainly performed in the medical industry. With the constraints of diagnosing a disease via single-modality images, image fusion could be able to meet up the prerequisites. Hence, it is further suggested to develop a fusion model using different modalities of images. The major intention of the fusion approach is to achieve higher contrast, enhancing the quality of images and apparent knowledge. The validation of fused images is done by three factors that are: (i) fused images should sustain significant information from the source images, (ii) artifacts must not be present in the fused images and (iii) the flaws of noise and misregistration must be evaded. Multimodal image fusion is one of the developing domains through the implementation of robust algorithms and standard transformation techniques. Thus, this work aims to analyze the different contributions of various multimodal image fusion models using intelligent methods. It will provide an extensive literature survey on image fusion techniques and comparison of those methods with the existing ones. It will offer various state-of-the-arts of image fusion methods with their diverse levels as well as their pros and cons. This review will give an introduction to the current fusion methods, modes of multimodal fusion, the datasets used and performance metrics; and finally, it also discusses the challenges of multimodal image fusion methods and the future research trends.
Responses of the Madden–Julian Oscillation to Global Warming: Impacts from Tropical Sea Surface Temperature Changes
Authors: Bui Hien X. , Li Yi-Xian , Zhou Wenyu , van Rensch Peter 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The impacts of tropical sea surface temperature (SST) changes on the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) are investigated using the large-ensemble simulation from the Community Earth System Model version 2 (CESM2-LE) under the shared socioeconomic pathway (SSP370 scenario). Three SST change patterns are featured, distinguished by the zonal gradient of the change in the equatorial Pacific warming. MJO characteristics and its teleconnections responses are composited for the clusters, and their relationships to the zonal SST gradient changes are examined. Results show that the anomalously strong El Niño–like SST change pattern significantly intensifies the MJO amplitude and enhances its eastward extension compared to the anomalously weak El Niño–like SST change pattern. These changes in MJO amplitude are further interpreted through the α framework. We also found no statistically different extratropical geopotential height responses to MJO between the three SST warming patterns, possibly due to strong internal climate variability. Changes in Rossby wave source between clusters also show a weak relationship with the MJO teleconnections. Our results highlight the importance of Indo-Pacific zonal SST gradient changes on the changes of MJO but limited impacts on MJO teleconnections to the midlatitudes.
Diagnostic Analysis of the Response of Volume Transport through the Tsushima Strait to the Eddy-Induced Variations in the Kuroshio Region
Authors: Zheng Junyong , Guo Xinyu , Miyazawa Yasumasa , Yang Haiyan , Yang Min , Mao Xinyan , Jiang Wensheng 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Tsushima Strait (TS) is the sole passage for volume transport from the East China Sea to the Sea of Japan. To date, the process underlying the interannual variability in volume transport remains unclear. In this study, 27-yr (1993–2019) reanalysis data from the Japan Coastal Ocean Predictability Experiment 2 (JCOPE2M) system and in situ/satellite observations were employed to understand this process. The results suggest that TS transport was generally high in 1999, 2003/04, and 2010 and low in 1995/96, 2005/06, 2008, and 2014/15. The sea level anomaly (SLA) outside the entrance of the TS, that is, the upstream TS forcing, dominates the interannual TS transport variation. A high SLA pumps more water into the Sea of Japan via the TS, and vice versa. By synthesizing JCOPE2M reanalysis data and satellite observations, further analysis revealed that cyclonic mesoscale eddies from the subtropical countercurrent (STCC) could be responsible for this high SLA by reducing Kuroshio transport, enhancing Kuroshio intrusion across the shelf, and increasing the SLA around the upstream TS region. The reverse was true for anticyclonic STCC eddies. Variability in the Kuroshio intrusion southwest of Kyushu induces variations in the TS transport on an interannual time scale.
Differential expressions of FASN, SCD, and FABP4 genes in the ribeye muscle of omega-3 oil-supplemented Tattykeel Australian White lambs
Authors: Otto John Roger , Pewan Shedrach Benjamin , Edmunds Richard Crawford , Mwangi Felista Waithira , Kinobe Robert Tumwesigye , Adegboye Oyelola Abdulwasiu , Malau-Aduli Aduli Enoch Othniel 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
The concept of the functional nutritional value of health-beneficial omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LC-PUFA) is becoming a phenomenon among red meat consumers globally. This study examined the expressions of three lipogenic genes (fatty acid binding protein 4, FABP4, fatty acid synthase, FASN; and stearoyl-CoA desaturase, SCD) in the ribeye (Longissimus thoracis et lumborum) muscle of Tattykeel Australian White (TAW) lambs fed fortified omega-3 diets and correlations with fatty acids. To answer the research question, “are there differences in the expression of lipogenic genes between control, MSM whole grain and omega-3 supplemented lambs?”, we tested the hypothesis that fortification of lamb diets with omega-3 will lead to a down-regulation of lipogenic genes. Seventy-five six-month old TAW lambs were randomly allocated to the (1) omega-3 oil-fortified grain pellets, (2) unfortified grain pellets (control) or (3) unfortified MSM whole grain pellets diet supplements to generate three treatments of 25 lambs each. The feeding trial lasted 47 days.

Results
From the Kruskal-Wallis test, the results showed a striking disparity in lipogenic gene expression between the three dietary treatments in which the FABP4 gene was significantly up-regulated by 3-folds in the muscles of lambs fed MSM Milling (MSM) whole grain diet compared to the omega-3 and control diets. A negative correlation was observed between FASN gene expression and intramuscular fat (IMF), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), total polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-6 PUFA) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA). The FABP4 gene expression was positively correlated (P < 0.05) with EPA and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA).

Conclusion
Taken together, this study’s results suggest that FABP4 and FASN genes perform an important role in the biosynthesis of fatty acids in the ribeye muscle of TAW lambs, and supplementary diet composition is an important factor influencing their expressions.
Melatonin inhibits Japanese encephalitis virus replication and neurotoxicity via calcineurin-autophagy pathways
Authors: Moon Ji-Hong , Hong Jeong-Min , Seol Jae-Won , Park Byung-Yong , Eo Seong Kug , Park Sang-Youel 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus that has no specific treatment except for supportive medical care. JEV is a neurotropic virus that affects the nervous system and triggers inflammation in the brain.

Methods
Melatonin is used as a sleep-inducing agent in neurophysiology and may serve as a protective agent against neurological and neurodegenerative diseases. Herein, we investigated the effects of melatonin and the critical roles of the serine/threonine protein phosphatase calcineurin during JEV infection in SK-N-SH neuroblastoma cells.

Results
Melatonin treatment decreased JEV replication and JEV-mediated neurotoxicity. Calcineurin activity was increased by JEV infection and inhibited by melatonin treatment. Through calcineurin regulation, melatonin decreased the JEV-mediated neuroinflammatory response and attenuated JEV-induced autophagy.

Conclusions
Calcineurin inactivation has a protective effect in JEV-infected neuronal cells, and melatonin is a novel resource for the development of anti-JEV agents.
A random forest algorithm-based prediction model for moderate to severe acute postoperative pain after orthopedic surgery under general anesthesia
Authors: Shi Gaoxiang , Liu Geliang , Gao Qichao , Zhang Shengxiao , Wang Qi , Wu Li , He Peifeng , Yu Qi 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Postoperative pain is one of the most common complications after surgery. In order to detect early and intervene in time for moderate to severe postoperative pain, it is necessary to identify risk factors and construct clinical prediction models. This study aimed to identify significant risk factors and establish a better-performing model to predict moderate to severe acute postoperative pain after orthopedic surgery under general anesthesia.

Methods
Patients who underwent orthopedic surgery under general anesthesia were divided into patients with moderate to severe pain group (group P) and patients without moderate to severe pain group (group N) based on VAS scores. The features selected by Lasso regression were processed by the random forest and multivariate logistic regression models to predict pain outcomes. The classification performance of the two models was evaluated through the testing set. The area under the curves (AUC), the accuracy of the classifiers, and the classification error rate for both classifiers were calculated, the better-performing model was used to predict moderate to severe acute postoperative pain after orthopedic surgery under general anesthesia.

Results
A total of 327 patients were enrolled in this study (228 in the training set and 99 in the testing set). The incidence of moderate to severe postoperative pain was 41.3%. The random forest model revealed a classification error rate of 25.2% and an AUC of 0.810 in the testing set. The multivariate logistic regression model revealed a classification error rate of 31.3% and an AUC of 0.764 in the testing set. The random forest model was chosen for predicting clinical outcomes in this study. The risk factors with the greatest and second contribution were immobilization and duration of surgery, respectively.

Conclusions
The random forest model can be used to predict moderate to severe acute postoperative pain after orthopedic surgery under general anesthesia, which is of potential clinical application value.