bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mathematische Grundlagen der Kinetik der autokatalytischen Reaktion des wachstumsverbundenen Substratabbaues
Authors: Beubler A. , Wolf K.‐H. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractAuf der Grundlage von hydrodynamischen und reaktionstechnischen Voraussetzungen wird ein dreiphasiges Stoffsystem mit mikrobieller Reaktion auf quasi‐homogene Modelle zurü ckgefü hrt. Mit Hilfe der Michaelis‐Menten‐Kinetik werden Geschwindigkeitsgleichungen fü r die auto katalytische Reaktion des wachstumsverbundenen Substratabbaues hergeleitet, die sich bis auf die Monod‐Kinetik zurü hren lassen. Es wird bewiesen, daß die Geschwindigkeitsgleichungen der mikrobiellen Katalyse denen der heterogenen Gaskatalyse analog sind.
Rheologie von Fermentationslösungen
Authors: Klappach G. , Weichert D. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractRheological measurements can give interesting informations for the characterization of fermentation broth, especially concerning the depending of the oxygen transfer rate. Rheological measurements can report decisions for choosing the best reactor type or other process steps e.g. purification and separation.An advantageous method was used by the combination of a dynamic process‐viscosimeter with the fermenter and the continuous measurement of medium density by X‐ray absorption method.
Bestimmung des geschwindigkeitsbestimmenden Schrittes bei heterogen‐katalytischer Reaktion im hochdispersen Substrat‐Mikroorganismus‐System
Authors: Wolf K.‐H. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe problem of the rate‐limiting step of heterogeneous catalytic reactions is explained. For microbiological catalysies in a highdispersial system the partial steps of substance transfer from macroscpace up to the biochemical reaction in the cell (microspace) are generally described and formulated. By means of statistical modells based on the theory of the isotope turbulence the numeric interpretation for the investigation of rate‐limiting step at the fermentation and ripening of beer in bioreactors with enforced turbulence takes place. The rate‐limiting step is the biochemical reaction of the extract degradation, that means kR·tH ≪ 1.
Das Autoselect‐System – ein Automatensystem zur Selektion von Antibiotikaproduzenten. I. Methodische Grundlagen und Umfang des Systems
Authors: Knöll H , Bradler G. , Schicht G. , Forberg W. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe methodical principle of an automated selection system for antibiotic producers, the Autoselectsystem, consisting of six machines and a computer is explained. In order to work with this machines the following material is needed: Cassettes with 64 microculture cups for cultivation of colonies on agar, cassettes with glass‐tubes for dilution of samples, and test‐plates with 64 holes for performing the agar diffusion test. The cups, the tubes and holes are arranged in a pattern of 8×8. In a serie of papers the machines will be described.
Das Autoselect‐system – ein Automatensystm zu Selektion von Antibiotikaproduzenten. II. Agarabfüllautomat
Authors: Schicht G. , Bradler G. , Steininger H. , Knöll H. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractAn agardeliverer, one of the machines of the Autoselect‐system is described. This machine allows to pour melted agar automatically into a row of 8 microculture cups of a cassette with 64 cups. By changing the agarcontainer provided for one medium against another container with 8 chambers the machine offers the possibility to deliver 1 to 8 media simultaneously. In this respect the machine gets more and more interest not only for the selection of antibiotic producers, but also for taxonomic, genetic and other studies. Sterile conditions are ensured by sterilizing the head of the machine before starting the work.
Untersuchungen zur Mischung in einem 500 m3‐Rührfermentor‐System bei der mikrobiellen Biomasse‐Synthese unter Einsatz einer Erdöl‐destillat‐Fraktion
Authors: Gentzsch H. , Ringpfeil M. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractExamination show how far the stirred tank fermenter meets the requirements of multi‐phase systems under conditions of microbiological protein synthesis.

The homogeneity attained by mixing of 4‐phase‐fermentation medium will be influenced by different amounts of material flow of the correspondent process conditions.
Limitation of nitrogen and solved nutrient – and trace salts in culture liquid by unsatisfactorily mixing can be excluded. The solute‐oxygen concentration and homogeneous distribution of solute‐oxygen in the culture liquid are influencing the economy of fermentation.
The homogeneity concerning petroleum distillate‐, biomass‐and air distribution highly depends from biomass content of the fermentation medium.
Energetic and carbon metabolism regulation in lysine producing brevibacterium flavum strains
Authors: Shvinka Y. E. , Viesturs U. E. , Ruklisha M. P. , Baburin L. A. , Galinina N. I. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractCoordinated regulation of carbon and energetic metabolism enzymes is characteristic of lysine producing strains of Brevibacterium flavum. ATP is the regulating effector and changes in the stationary ATP‐concentration in cells cause certain alternations of enzyme activities in the basic metabolism pathways. The goal of the experiments was the use of the biochemical regulations of methabolism in order to increase the productivity of lysine biosynthesis.Following results were received:

Activation of TCA‐cycle enzymes is compulsory for intensive lysine biosynthesis.
The most essential of several parallel electron transport pathways in the ETC of Br. flavum is the NADH dependent, cyanid resistant, hydroxamate sensitive oxydation pathway.
Calculations have shown, that the most economical variant is the synthesis of oxalacetate (precursor of lysine) by PEP carboxylation. Therefore strains with elevated PEP‐carboxylase activity synthesize lysine in a more economical way.
Einfluß von Penicillin und seinen Zersetzungsprodukten auf die Biosynthese von L‐Lysin mit Brevibacterium flavum CB
Authors: Bučko M. , Revallová V. , Hano A. , Cunderlíková A. , Mikláš M. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractIn the laboratory scale fermentation the substitution of peanutmeal by a hydrolysate of Penicillium mycelium in the culture medium for production of L‐Lysine with Brevibacterium flavum CB has been testet. The mycelium hydrolysate contains Penicillin and degradation products of Penicillin; therfor the influence of these substances to production of L‐Lysine has been investigated.
Entwicklung und Anwendung einer Methode zur Bestimmung der spezifischen Oberfläche von Hefetrockensubstanz
Authors: Malzahn J. , Klappach G. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe knowledge of surface area of microbial biomasses is necessary in connection to mass‐transfer processes for instance extraction process. The method of BRUNAUER, EMMETT and TELLER (BET) based on adsorption processes was adapted to determination of surface area of samples of dry yeast. Comparative investigations and error estimations show the possibility of application and the evidence of this method.
Man‐made microbes and man‐made law
Authors: Gyllenberg H. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe Supreme Court of the US in 1980 granted a patent for a strain of Pseudomonas containing two plasmides after genetic manipulation. This is the first case of patenting a living organism. Whereas the patent law of US and of many other countries further more on supports the principle that natural products are not patentable man‐made microorganisms on the other hand fullfil very important crucials of patentability as far as they are new, unobvious, reproducible and useful. The situation arising as the result of this decision is described and the implications and consequenses for the patent law, the taxonomy and the general biological thought are discussed.
Bestimmung von Substratverbrauchskoeffizienten für Paraffinkohlenwasserstoffe
Authors: Glombitza F. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe empirical determined constant of 3.14 gram biomass per available electron is a good base for the calculation of minimum substrate consumption coefficients in the aerobic fermentation of paraffins by yeasts.The analysis of experimental determined specific substrate consumption coefficients and their comparison with the corresponding theoretical values show that the theoretical ones can be reached only if the substrate composition referring to carbon and hydrogen is of optimal composition for all syntheses.
Immobilisierung mikrobieller Zellen und deren Nutzung zur Substratwandlung – Eine Literaturstudie. 1. Fortsetzung
Authors: Berger R. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe first supplement of a review on recent literature is given concerning the immobilization of whole microbial cells and their testing for application in product synthesis. It includes the same topics as the first review, essentially, together with the table of the immobilized microbes and the tested reactions of product synthesis or analytical purpose, respectively, with 177 references.
Biosynthesis of polyribonucleotide phosphorylase and polyribonucleotides by E. Coli
Authors: Šmite I. A. , Eglajs V. O. , Rukliša M. P. , Viesturs U. E. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe biochemical functions of Polyribonucleotide phosphorylase (PNP‐ase; EC 2.7.7.8) has been studiedThe present work was aimed at studying the interrelation between PNP‐ase biosynthesis and RNA content of E. coli cells under various conditions of bacterial growth, obtaining the biomass of E. coli with high PNP‐ase activity as well as to study the possibility of secondary cultivation of E. coli cells for obtaining polyribonucleotides from nucleoside‐5′‐diphosphatesThe spcific PNP‐ase activity increases at secondary cultivation, when the medium contains ribonucleoside‐5′‐diphosphates. Besides one may observe an extracellular polycondensation of nucleoside‐5′‐diphosphatesIt may be presumed that the PNP‐ase is a multifunctional enzyme whose biological role may be confined to regulating the energetic processes connected with the metabolism of glucose, nucleosidephosphates and orthophosphate in the cells of E. coli.
Traditional food fermentations as industrial resources
Authors: Steinkraus K. H. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractAsia is rich in resources which can contribute widely to food processing and production over the next 207–50 years as world population reaches 6 billion. The world needs low cost methods of providing nutritious proteinrich meat analogues for its thousands of millions of consumers. The Indonesian tempe fermentation will serve as a model. A bacterium present in commercial tempe can be used to add vitamin B‐12 to other vegetarian foods. Fuel requirements for cooking can be decreased by applying a fungal fermentation of the tempe/ontjom type to legume substrates. The world needs high quality meat‐flavors derived from vegetable protein. The soy sauce (kecap)/miso (tauco) processes and the fish/shrimp sauce and paste processes can be modified to yield a wide variety of meat‐like flavors for use in formulating new foods. The protein content of high starch substrates can be increased by applying the Indonesian tape fermentation. Leavened sour‐dough bread‐like products can be produced without the use of wheat or ryeflours using the Indian idli/dosai fermentation. Coconut protein, if extracted without denaturing, can serve as a valuable base for a new type of puddings and related foods. Finally Asia is an almost endless source of cultures of edible microorganisms that, with further study of their synthetic abilities, particularly regarding amino acids and vitamins, could lead to new industries.
Overproduction of amino acids and the activity of methanol dehydrogenase of protaminobacter thiaminophagus mutants
Authors: Libudzisz Z. , Oberman H. , Malik K. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe activity of methanol dehydrogenase of Protaminobacter thiaminophagus ATCC 21371 and its 10 mutants which where able to overproduce amino acids from methanol was studied. It was found that the activity of methanol dehydrogenase depended on the used strain varied from 56.1 to 100.6 mU/mg d. w. of cells. Specific production of amino acids was between 4.3 × 10−7 and 13.0 × 10−7 μg/CFU.Statistical analysis confirmed expected high positive correlation (r = 0.93) between activity of methanol dehydrogenase and specific production of amino acids.Based on the measurement of methanol dehydrogenase activity a rapid method of estimation of amino acid production ability of Protaminobacter thiaminophagus mutants was developed.
Sugar compositions of extra‐ and intracellular polysaccharides produced by candida lipolytica (4124) grown on n‐hexadecane
Authors: Jwanny E. W. , Rashad M. M. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe free monosaccharide content of C. lipolytica (strain 4 124) cells grown on n‐hexadecane was identified and found to be only glucose. The chromatographic analysis of the hydrolysate of intracellular cell wall polysaccharides indicated the presence of glucose: mannose: galactose: xylose in a ratio of 1 : 1.32 : 1.07 : 0.35.Paper and dise electrophoresis of extracellular polysaccharid from the culture broth was found to be heterogeneous.Ethanol fractionation separated it to a major component F (I) 81.99% and a minor one F (II) 13.04%.Analysis of the major fraction showed that it consisted of galactose and mannose only while the minor polysaccharide consisted of galactose, glucose and mannose.Thus it was concluded that the predominant sugar in both extracellular and intracellular polysaccharides was mannose. Xylose was detected in the intracellular polysaccharide only.
Formal macroapproach to bioprocessing‐modeling with analogies
Authors: Moser A. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractA new approach for the investigations of biotechnical processes is presented in this article on the basis of an integrating strategy, incorporating a joint analysis of biological and engineering aspects. Thereby, the experimental work can be carried out on the macroscopic level, taking into account the behavior of bioprocesses from measurements in the liquid phase. Mathematical modeling uses the concept of analogies instead of speculative mechanisms. A predictive character of these “formalkinetics” supplementary to the descriptive nature is achieved with the aid of deductive research methodology. This general theoretical concept is illustrated in the special case of modeling the diauxic growth of yeast. Formalkinetics based on analogies are shown to be not only able to be successfully applied to elucidate bioprocessing but also to form a more realistic and simple approach than pure mechanistic investigations needed for the realization of bioprocessing in technical scale.
Production of neutral and alkaline proteases in batch and chemostat cultures by bacillus mesentericus 76
Authors: Emanuilova E. , Kaimaktchiev A. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe kinetics of the bacterial extracellular protease synthesis (neutral and alkaline protease of Bacillus mesentericusstrain 76, R‐form) in batch and chemostat cultures under conditions of glucose limitation were investigated. When the medium was supplemented with casein the production of the proteases was significantly higher. Optimal dilution rates for obtaining of two proteases are fixed. The synthesis of both alkaline and neutral proteases is controlled by catabolite repression and induction.
Methanol oxidation and growth yields in methylotrophic bacteria: A review
Authors: Anthony C. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractIn all bacteria growing on methane or methanol the methanol is oxidised by way of methanol dehydrogenase. This unusual quinoprotein interacts with the electron transport chain at the level of cytochrome c. All methylotrophs having methanol dehydrogenase contain 2 different types of soluble cytochrome c. One of these, but not the other, reacts with methanol dehydrogenase; no intermediate electron carrier is required for this reaction. The P/O ratio for methanol oxidation is 1 although the midpoint redox potential of the methanol/formaldehyde couple suggests that a higher ATP yield might be theoretically possible. Curves are presented that allow the prediction of cell yields, and the effects of altering the system for methanol oxidation, on these cell yields.
Peroxisomes of alkane‐utilizing yeasts metabolic functions and practical aspects
Authors: Fukui S. , Tanaka A. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractOne of the most striking features of alkane‐grown yeast cells is conspicuous appearance of peroxisomes in harmony with a high level of catalase. This unique phenomenon was first demonstrated in the authors′ laboratory, and the metabolic functions of peroxisomes in yeasts utilizing alkanes has been estabilished with intact peroxisomes isolated by density gradient centrifugation. The organelles participate in the degradation of fatty acids derived from alkanes to C2‐units and the synthesis of gluconeogenic intermediates from C2‐units. The abundant appearance of peroxisomes in alkane‐utilizing cells has allowed successful production of several useful enzymes including catalase, D‐amino acid oxidase, uricase, acyl‐CoA oxidase etc. Yeast cells will be an excellent system for investigation the functions and development of peroxisomes because biogenesis of the organelles is induced only by transferring the cells into alkane medium from glucose or ethanol medium.
Criterion for aerobic biological treatment design
Authors: Vavilin V. A. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractExamples of the aerobic biological reactor treatment design in accordance with generalized model, suggested earlier by the author, are presented. The generalized model is shown to be most adequate to experiments, in a wide range of the level of treatment. The coefficients of the generalized model can be determined graphically. Two simple limiting cases follow from the generalized model corresponding to the rough and high level treatment from complex pollutant. A criterion, which helps to distinguish these two cases, is suggested.
A systematic concept in bioprocess analysis and design
Authors: Moser A. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractA systematic concept in bioprocess analysis and design is presented according to an integrating strategy as basis for a biotechnological methodology. A comparison illustrates analogies and significant differences between chemical and biological processes.The study of the interactions between environments and organisms includes influences of physical transport phenomena and also enzyme and metabolic regulations. In both cases the macroscopic principle with a formalkinetic approach is recommended for quantification purposes. The determination of the characteristic‐time‐regime with characteristic rate constants makesit possible to simplify mathematical modeling using the concepts of the rate‐determining‐step and quasistationarity. Finally, guidelines are summarized for the use of unstructured and structured kinetic models.
Extended fed‐batch‐cultivation of exponential growing microorganisms — an analysis for systems with and without outflow
Authors: Neubert M. , J. Bormann E. , Gebhardt I. , Wolleschensky E. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe method of extended cultivation was studied mathematical‐analytical by a simple mathematical model. It was reflected on the control algorithm of feeding rate. Because corresponding to the model the substrate is consumed only for the biomass growth, the feeding is to control proportional to the biomass variation. It is shown that the biomass concentration in this case is independent of outflow and approaches a limit value. Relations between biomass growth and feeding rate of limiting substrate are given for all cases. In particular for the cyclie fed batch, it is shown that assuming periodic cycles the cultivation volume at the end of the cycles approaches a maximum value defined only by initial volume, specific growth rate and cycle period.
Production of Lipids and Carotinoids by Yellow Streptomyces (in Russian)
Authors: Kosyritzkaya W. E. , Andreyuk E. I. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe ability of yellow streptomyces to synthesize lipids and carotinoids was examined.It has been established that the content of lipids in the mycelium varied from 9.7 to 57.1% depending on the species and the strains. Cultures belonging to the species Str. nephtigulosus, Str. ambofaciens, Str. citreus showed carotene‐synthesizing abilities. In the content of the lipids and carotinoids of the examined cultures were found our fractions possessing biological activity. The fatty acid content of the examined cultures was characterized by the saturated and unsaturated acids containing an even and odd amount of the carbon atoms (from C11 to C18) and a normal and branched chain (iso‐C16 and iso‐C17).
Vergleichscharakteristik von Isolaten der Gesamteweiße der Hefe in Abhängigkeit von den Bedingungen ihrer Abscheidung
Authors: Sergeev V. A. , Soloˇsenko V. M. , Bezrukov M. G. , Saporovskaja M. B. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractInvestigations are made about the possibilities of extraction of components included in the biomass of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae after cell desintegration in dependence of the pH of the medium. Furthermore is shown the racemization of some amino acids during alcaline treatment of the desintegrated material during the isolation of the protien.
Streulichtphotometer zur kontinuierlichen Bestimmung der Biomassekonzentration in Fermentationsmedien
Authors: Geppert G. , Thielemann H. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractAfter a short review of methods for the determination of the biomass concentration in fermentation broths the construction and working principle of a newly developed retroreflective photometer are described. The main advantages of the instrument are a wide range from 0.1 to 200 g biomass/l the sterilizability, the self‐cleaning of the cuvette‐window, a favourable design and a little maintenance. The device may be used directly at a fermenter to get a continuous singal or for measurement of single samples in the laboratory. The calibration curves are nearly linear in a wide range.
Evaluation of newer methods of pretreatment for biological utilization of cellulosic residues
Authors: Cabello A. , Conde J. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractAn evaluation of different kinds of treatments to enhance the biological degradability of sugarcane bagasse‐pith is presented. NaOH treatment, gamma ray irradiation and inoculation of the material with the white rotting mold Sporotrichum pulvurulentum and combinations of above mentioned alternatives were evaluated by measuring the increase in water solubility and the susceptibility to cellulose degradation as well as by the change in the chemical composition of the material.NaOH treatment at 6% concentration and the combined treatment with NaOH at 2% and further fermentation with the mold gave the best results. Gamma irradiation up to a dose of 60 Mrad didn't show an important effect.
Thermophilic anaerobic digestion for sewage sludge stabilization
Authors: Hamer G. , Bryers J. D. , Berger J. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe microbially mediated biochemical reactions that occur during anaerobic digestion processes for methane production from soluble carbon energy substrates are well known, but in spite of this, the interactions within the multi‐species cultures responsible for the overall process require more detailed elucidation. When the process feed comprises mixed, solid, carbon energy substrates, as in the case of waste sewage sludge stabilization, many aspects of both the process biochemistry and microbiology are unresolved. This mini‐review seeks to identify some of these unresolved questions, particularly with respect to operation at thermophilic temperatures.