bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The relation between preterm birth and self-reported spinal pain in pre-adolescence—a study of 47,063 subjects from the Danish National Birth Cohort
Authors: Kaltoft Klara , Nielsen Jane Lykke , Andersen Anne-Marie Nybo , Falch-Joergensen Anne Cathrine 
Published: October 2023

AbstractRepeated exposure to pain and stress in early life may cause alterations in pain sensitivity later in life. Children born preterm are often exposed to painful invasive procedures. This study aimed to explore the relationship between being born preterm and self-report of spinal pain in pre-adolescence. This prospective study was based on the Danish National Birth Cohort and consisted of 47,063 11–14-year-olds. Data from the Danish National Birth Cohort were linked with national registers through Statistics Denmark. Analyses were performed as multiple logistic regression models estimating odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals. Spinal pain (neck, mid back, and/or low back pain) was assessed using a subdivision of the Young Spine Questionnaire. Severe spinal pain was defined as having pain often or once in a while with an intensity of four to six on the Revised Faces Pain Scale. Inverse probability weighting was used to account for potential selection bias. Girls born very preterm (< 34 full weeks of gestation) were less likely to report spinal pain (OR: 0.60; 95% CI: 0.40–0.93) compared with those term-born. The associations were weaker when examining moderate to severe spinal pain and when examining the three spinal regions separately. None of these was statistically significant.Conclusion: We found no associations for boys. In conclusion, this study indicates that girls born very preterm are seemingly less likely to have severe spinal pain in pre-adolescence than girls born at term.

What is Known:• Spinal pain is one of the largest disease burdens globally, and the evidence regarding the etiology of spinal pain in children and adolescents is limited.• Repeated exposure to pain and stress in early life (i.e., being preterm) may cause alterations in pain sensitivity later in life.

What is New:• Girls born very preterm (< 34 full weeks of gestation) seem less likely to report severe spinal pain in pre-adolescence compared with girls born at full term.• There is no association between gestational age and later experience of spinal pain in pre-adolescent boys.
Needs analysis for the design of a digital platform to train professionals in online family intervention through live supervision of real cases
Authors: Torras Sonia , Vilaregut Anna , Canaleta Xavier , Martí Eduard 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Mental health professionals undergo continuous training throughout their careers. Their training consists in part of the supervision of cases by an entire healthcare team, a practice that allows them to consolidate their understanding of behaviour, emotions and to enhance their relationships with patients and their families. The COVID-19 pandemic has had a great impact on this training methodology, leading to a significant increase in the use of digital platforms, but such digital tools are not well adapted to this context, especially when it comes to the supervision of real online cases. The goals of this study are: (1) to analyse what professionals need in order to carry out online interventions and training through the live supervision of real online cases and (2) to create a prototype of a specific digital platform intended to help meet the detected needs.

Methods
28 semi-structured interviews were conducted with supervisors (N = 14) and professionals in training (N = 14).

Results
The results have allowed us to gain a deeper understanding of the difficulties and benefits that professionals are encountering when doing online live supervision using the existing video conference platforms.

Conclusion
This analysis points to a need to create a platform that can overcome the difficulties and enhance the benefits of the digitalization of family intervention training through the live supervision of real cases. These specific needs have yet to be addressed by existing digital platforms.
Comparison of earthquake risk for masonry and RC buildings in Barcelona using existing sets of vulnerability functions
Authors: Salgado-Gálvez Mario A. , Momin Samar , Grajales Sthefanía , Carreño Martha Liliana 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBarcelona is in an area of low- to medium-seismicity and its earthquake vulnerability and risk has been assessed in different studies over the last 20 years. Most of these works have developed vulnerability models for the representative building classes of the city, trying to capture their main characteristics, and have been mostly represented through fragility curves. However, due to the lack of data for historical earthquake losses in the city, it has not been possible to validate, nor calibrate, any of these vulnerability models. In the absence of earthquake loss data, the objective of this paper is to compare the earthquake risk results of Barcelona, using common hazard and exposure datasets and different sets of vulnerability functions from previous studies to see how they rank compared with other locations with similar studies but more complete historical loss data. The results show large differences between the analysed vulnerability datasets, with some results that in our view tend to overestimate earthquake risk in Barcelona, and also allow identifying critical aspects that require future research.
Hereditary cancer testing in a diverse sample across three breast imaging centers
Authors: Westbrook Laura , Miltenburg Darlene , Souter Vivienne , Maisenbacher Melissa K. , Howard Katherine L. , Sha Youbao , Yavari Maygol , Kypraios Nicholas , Rodriguez Angel , Weitzel Jeffrey N. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Up to 10% of all breast cancers (BC) are attributed to inherited pathogenic variants (PV) in BC susceptibility genes; however, most carriers of PVs remain unidentified. Here, we sought to determine the yield of hereditary cancer gene PVs among diverse women attending breast imaging centers, who could benefit from enhanced surveillance and/or risk reduction interventions.

Methods
This cross-sectional retrospective cohort study included consecutive women, unselected for personal or family cancer history, who were offered genetic testing for hereditary cancer genes at the time of breast imaging at three centers (November 2020–March 2022).

Results
Among 1943 patients (median age: 66 years), self-reported race/ethnicity was White (34.5%), Hispanic (27.7%), African American (17.9%), Asian (4.5%), Ashkenazi Jewish (0.6%), Other (3.5%), and missing (13.0%). Thirty-nine patients (2%) were identified as carriers of a PV in an autosomal dominant clinically actionable hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (HBOC)-related or Lynch syndrome gene, most frequently, BRCA2 (6/39; 15.4%), PALB2 (8/39; 20.5%), CHEK2 (10/39; 25.6%), and PMS2 (5/39; 12.8%). Of the 34 PVs with known race/ethnicity, 47% were detected among non-White patients. Overall, 354/1,943 (18.2%) of patients met NCCN guidelines for HBOC gene testing and only 15/39 (38.5%) patients with an autosomal dominant clinically actionable PV met guidelines.

Conclusion
This population health approach extended the reach of genetic cancer risk assessment in a diverse population and highlighted the limits of a guideline-based approach. This may help address inequity in access to risk-appropriate screening and cancer prevention.
Somtimes: self organizing maps for time series clustering and its application to serious illness conversations
Authors: Javed Ali , Rizzo Donna M. , Lee Byung Suk , Gramling Robert 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThere is demand for scalable algorithms capable of clustering and analyzing large time series data. The Kohonen self-organizing map (SOM) is an unsupervised artificial neural network for clustering, visualizing, and reducing the dimensionality of complex data. Like all clustering methods, it requires a measure of similarity between input data (in this work time series). Dynamic time warping (DTW) is one such measure, and a top performer that accommodates distortions when aligning time series. Despite its popularity in clustering, DTW is limited in practice because the runtime complexity is quadratic with the length of the time series. To address this, we present a new a self-organizing map for clustering TIME Series, called SOMTimeS, which uses DTW as the distance measure. The method has similar accuracy compared with other DTW-based clustering algorithms, yet scales better and runs faster. The computational performance stems from the pruning of unnecessary DTW computations during the SOM’s training phase. For comparison, we implement a similar pruning strategy for K-means, and call the latter K-TimeS. SOMTimeS and K-TimeS pruned 43% and 50% of the total DTW computations, respectively. Pruning effectiveness, accuracy, execution time and scalability are evaluated using 112 benchmark time series datasets from the UC Riverside classification archive, and show that for similar accuracy, a 1.8$$\times$$
×
speed-up on average for SOMTimeS and K-TimeS, respectively with that rates vary between 1$$\times$$
×
and 18$$\times$$
×
depending on the dataset. We also apply SOMTimeS to a healthcare study of patient-clinician serious illness conversations to demonstrate the algorithm’s utility with complex, temporally sequenced natural language.
Diagnosis of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: a systematic narrative review of the evidence
Authors: Formiga Francesc , Nuñez Julio , Castillo Moraga María José , Cobo Marcos Marta , Egocheaga María Isabel , García-Prieto Concha F. , Trueba-Sáiz Angel , Matalí Gilarranz Arantxa , Fernández Rodriguez José María 
Published: October 2023

AbstractHeart failure (HF) with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a common condition in clinical practice, affecting more than half of patients with HF. HFpEF is associated with morbidity and mortality and with considerable healthcare resource utilization and costs. Therefore, early diagnosis is crucial to facilitate prompt management, particularly initiation of sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors. Although European guidelines define HFpEF as the presence of symptoms with or without signs of HF, left ventricular EF ≥ 50%, and objective evidence of cardiac structural and/or functional abnormalities, together with elevated natriuretic peptide levels, the diagnosis of HFpEF remains challenging. First, there is no clear consensus on how HFpEF should be defined. Furthermore, diagnostic tools, such as natriuretic peptide levels and resting echocardiogram findings, are significantly limited in the diagnosis of HFpEF. As a result, some patients are overdiagnosed (i.e., elderly people with comorbidities that mimic HF), although in other cases, HFpEF is overlooked. In this manuscript, we perform a systematic narrative review of the diagnostic approach to patients with HFpEF. We also propose a comprehensible algorithm that can be easily applied in daily clinical practice and could prove useful for confirming or ruling out a diagnosis of HFpEF.
Thermal Performance of Selected Nanofluids with Surfactants
Authors: Kaggwa Abdul , Atkins Martin , Tarighaleslami Amir , Walmsley Michael , Carson James K. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractNanofluids have been proposed for use as working fluids in order to increase energy efficiency. While a large number of studies have been performed, there is comparatively high variation in reported physical property and heat transfer enhancement data. In addition, comparatively few thermal enhancement studies consider the effects of surfactants that may be required to ensure sufficient stability of the nanofluid over time. In this study, nanofluids were prepared by combining different nanoparticles, base fluids and surfactants and were subsequently evaluated for stability using the sedimentation method. Based on the sedimentation trials and viscosity measurements, three nanofluids (aluminium oxide/water; activated carbon/CTAB/water; copper oxide/ARB/water) were selected for thermal performance enhancement experiments. Thermal enhancement performance was tested in a closed loop with two double pipe heat exchangers and all physical properties required in the calculations were measured directly as part of this study. The carbon/CTAB/water nanofluid had the highest heat transfer enhancement index (a comparison of increased heat transfer rate against increased pressure drop) of the three nanofluids considered. Sedimentation of nanoparticle agglomerates was most noticeable with the aluminium oxide/water nanofluid that did not contain a surfactant.
The Random Weierstrass Zeta Function I: Existence, Uniqueness, Fluctuations
Authors: Sodin Mikhail , Wennman Aron , Yakir Oren 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWe describe a construction of random meromorphic functions with prescribed simple poles with unit residues at a given stationary point process. We characterize those stationary processes with finite second moment for which, after subtracting the mean, the random function becomes stationary. These random meromorphic functions can be viewed as random analogues of the Weierstrass zeta function from the theory of elliptic functions, or equivalently as electric fields generated by an infinite random distribution of point charges.
On a Factorization Formula for the Partition Function of Directed Polymers
Authors: Hurth Tobias , Khanin Konstantin , Navarro Lameda Beatriz , Nazarov Fedor 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWe prove a factorization formula for the point-to-point partition function associated with a model of directed polymers on the space-time lattice $$\mathbb {Z}^{d+1}$$

Z

d
+
1

. The polymers are subject to a random potential induced by independent identically distributed random variables and we consider the regime of weak disorder, where polymers behave diffusively. We show that when writing the quotient of the point-to-point partition function and the transition probability for the underlying random walk as the product of two point-to-line partition functions plus an error term, then, for large time intervals [0, t], the error term is small uniformly over starting points x and endpoints y in the sub-ballistic regime $$\Vert x - y \Vert \le t^{\sigma }$$

‖
x
-
y
‖

≤

t
σ

, where $$\sigma < 1$$

σ
<
1

can be arbitrarily close to 1. This extends a result of Sinai, who proved smallness of the error term in the diffusive regime $$\Vert x - y \Vert \le t^{1/2}$$

‖
x
-
y
‖

≤

t

1
/
2

. We also derive asymptotics for spatial and temporal correlations of the field of limiting partition functions.
Silicon improves root system and canopy physiology in wheat under drought stress
Authors: Ashfaq Waseem , Brodie Graham , Fuentes Sigfredo , Pang Alexis , Gupta Dorin 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Aims
Root system is an important regulator for unevenly distributed below-ground resource acquisition. In a rainfed cropping environment, drought stress (DS) significantly restricts root growth and moisture uptake capacity. The fact that silicon (Si) alleviates DS in wheat is widely reported, but its effects on the wheat root system remain unclear.

Methods
The present study investigated the effect of pre-sowing Si treatment on two contrasting wheat cultivars (RAC875, drought-tolerant; Kukri, drought-susceptible) at early growth stages. The cultivars were grown in a glasshouse in a complete randomized design with four replications and two watering treatments. Various root traits and physiological data, including non-destructive infrared thermal imaging for water stress indices, were recorded.

Results
Under DS and Si (DSSi), Kukri had a significant increase in primary root length (PRL,44%) and lateral root length (LRL,28.1%) compared with RAC875 having a substantial increase in PRL (35.2%), but non-significant in LRL. The Si-induced improvement in the root system positively impacted canopy physiology and significantly enhanced photosynthesis, stomatal conductance and transpiration in Kukri and RAC875 under DSSi. Canopy temperature was reduced significantly in Kukri (4.24%) and RAC875 (6.15%) under DSSi, while canopy temperature depression was enhanced significantly in both the cultivars (Kukri,78.6%; RAC875, 58.6%) under DSSi.

Conclusion
These results showed that Si has the potential to influence below-ground traits, which regulate the moisture uptake ability of roots for cooler canopy and improved photosynthesis under DS. It also suggests a future direction to investigate the underlying mechanisms involved in wheat’s Si-induced root growth and moisture uptake ability.
Assessing metal contamination and speciation in sewage sludge: implications for soil application and environmental risk
Authors: Feng Jianting , Burke Ian T. , Chen Xiaohui , Stewart Douglas I. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBased on the most recently published data, we definitively estimated that the annual global production of sewage sludge may rise from ~ 53 million tons dry solids currently to ~ 160 million tons if global wastewater were to be treated to a similar level as in the 27 European Union countries/UK. It is widely accepted that the agricultural application is a beneficial way to recycle the abundant organic matter and plant nutrients in sewage sludge. However, land application may need to be limited due to the presence of metals. This work presents a meticulous and systematic review of the sources, concentrations, partitioning, and speciation of metals in sewage sludge in order to determine the impacts of sludge application on metal behavior in soils. It identifies that industrial wastewater, domestic wastewater and urban runoff are main sources of metals in sludge. It shows conventional treatment processes generally result in the partitioning of over 70% of metals from wastewater into primary and secondary sludge. Typically, the order of metal concentrations in sewage sludge is Zn > Cu > Cr ≈ Pb ≈ Ni > Cd. The proportion of these metals that are easily mobilised is highest for Zn and Ni, followed by Cd and Cu, then Pb and Cr. Sludge application to land will lead to elevated metal concentrations, and potentially to short-term changes to the dominant metal species in soils. However, the speciation of sludge-associated metals will change over time due to interactions with plant roots and soil minerals and as organic matter is mineralised by rhizo-microbiome.
Values in Crisis: Societal Value Change under Existential Insecurity
Authors: Akaliyski Plamen , Taniguchi Naoko , Park Joonha , Gehrig Stefan , Tormos Raül 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic has had a profound impact on societies, with possible consequences for their fundamental values. Inglehart’s revised modernization theory links societal values to the underlying subjective sense of existential security in a given society (scarcity hypothesis), while also claiming that influences on values diminish once individuals reach adulthood (socialization hypothesis). An acute existential crisis such as the COVID-19 pandemic offers a rare opportunity to test these assumptions. We analyze data from representative surveys conducted in Japan shortly before and after the onset of the pandemic. Remaining survey sample differences are statistically controlled via propensity score weighting and regression adjustment, while post-stratification weights allow conclusions about the Japanese population. In three sets of analyses, we reveal that the pandemic and the experienced psychological distress are negatively associated with emancipative and secular values, entailing a reversal to traditionalism, intolerance, and religiosity. First, we document a substantial decline in both emancipative and secular values in the first months of the pandemic compared to five months earlier. This decline remained stable a year later. Second, we find that value change was stronger in prefectures more severely affected by the pandemic. Third, individuals who experienced higher psychological distress emphasized the same values more strongly, as evident in two surveys from May 2020 and April 2021. In contrast to the socialization hypothesis, our study provides evidence that, under extraordinary environmental conditions, values can shift even within a negligibly short time period.
Quality of Life, Well-Being and the Human Development Index: A Media Narrative for the Developed World?
Authors: Morse Stephen 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe Human Development Index (HDI) produced by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) has been in existence since 1990. In its annual Human Development Reports (HDRs) the UNDP provides rankings of countries based on the HDI, and the idea is that these will help bring about positive change as countries compare their performance in the rankings with what they see as their peers. The HDRs are widely reported in the media, and previous research has suggested that the extent of newspaper reporting of the HDI (i.e. number of articles) is greater for those countries at the bottom and top end of the rankings. However, there are gaps in knowledge about how the HDI is reported in these media outlets. For example, to what extent does newspaper reporting of the HDI equate it to terms such as ‘quality of life’ and ‘well-being’, and how does this relate to the ranking of countries based on the HDI? This is the question addressed by the research reported in this paper. Results suggest that newspaper do often associate the terms ‘quality of life and ‘well-being’ with the HDI, and that the association appears to be stronger for countries towards the top-end of the rankings (i.e. those that have more ‘human development’) compared to those at the bottom-end of the rankings. This suggests that the association between reporting of the HDI and ‘quality of life’ and ‘well-being’ is a narrative that is perceived by the media to suit the developed rather than developing world.
Automatic suppression of false positive alerts in anti-money laundering systems using machine learning
Authors: Bakry Ahmed N. , Alsharkawy Almohammady S. , Farag Mohamed S. , Raslan K. R. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractCriminal activities generate an estimated $2 trillion in laundered money per year, highlighting the need for financial institutions to detect and report suspicious activity to protect their reputation. However, rule-based models commonly used for this purpose generate a high number of false positives, draining compliance team time, and increasing investigation costs. However, the application of machine learning in conjunction with rule-based models presents noteworthy implications, encompassing the potential reduction in false positives and the concomitant risk of machine learning inadvertently suppressing true positive alerts. This paper proposes a framework called automatic suppression based on XGBoost for anti-money laundering (ASXAML) to enhance detection by reducing false positives. ASXAML leverages recursive feature elimination with cross-validation for optimal feature selection. Subsequently, Optuna is employed to fine-tune hyperparameters for the XGBoost model. Results indicate that ASXAML achieves an optimal balance between reducing false positives and avoiding missed money laundering events, with an 86% F-beta score and only 11% money laundering customers were incorrectly closed out of 1926 in the test data.