bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Packet scheduling for QoS support in IEEE 802.16 broadband wireless access systems
Authors: Wongthavarawat Kitti , Ganz Aura 
Published: February 2003

AbstractIn this paper we introduce a scheduling algorithm and admission control policy for IEEE 802.16 broadband wireless access standard. The proposed solution which is practical and compatible to the IEEE 802.16 standard, provides QoS support to different traffic classes. To the best of our knowledge this is the first such algorithm. The simulation studies show that the proposed solution includes QoS support for all types of traffic classes as defined by the standard. We have shown the relationship between traffic characteristics and its QoS requirements and the network performance. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Application of pseudo‐particle fast multipole and tree methods to surface charge method
Authors: Hamada Shoji , Takuma Tadasu 
Published: February 2003

AbstractThis paper describes triangular surface charge methods (SCM) using fast multipole method (FMM) or tree method (TM) coupled with pseudo‐particle method for calculating three‐dimensional electric fields. FMM and TM enable us to calculate an N × N matrix and vector product of interacting N bodies by O(N) or O(N log N) times of operations and the same order of memories based on divide‐and‐conquer algorithm. Application of these techniques to the SCM allows us to utilize a million surface elements on an ordinary personal computer system with 1‐GB main memory. The calculated results of a benchmark test and two examples, that is, straight and spiral chains of dielectric spheres in a homogeneous field, show the validity and usefulness of the developed SCMs. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 143(2): 11–21, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.10099
Analysis of output voltage ripple caused by ESR of a smoothing capacitor for a low‐voltage high‐current buck converter
Authors: Hyakutake Hiroki , Harada Koosuke 
Published: February 2003

AbstractThis paper presents the analytical results of output voltage ripple for a buck converter with synchronous rectifier. In the conventional analysis of the output voltage ripple, it is assumed that the inductor current ripple is equal to the ripple current of the smoothing capacitor and that the equivalent series resistance (ESR) of the smoothing capacitor is sufficiently small or sufficiently large. However, if the load impedance is not much larger than the impedance of the smoothing capacitor including ESR, this assumption is not correct. In this paper, we consider the cases that the inductor current ripple is not always equal to the ripple current of the smoothing capacitor and that there are no restrictions on ESR. From the analytical results, it is shown that the output voltage ripple has four modes which are determined by the relation of load resistance, the capacitance, the ESR, the switching cycle, and the duty ratio. As a result of analysis, we show the lower limit of the ripple rate of the output voltage. The analytical results are confirmed by simulations and experiments. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 143(2): 59–66, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.10133
An MPPT control scheme for a PV system utilizing limit cycle operation and its system design
Authors: Kitano Tatsuya , Matsui Mikihiko , Xu De‐Hong 
Published: February 2003

AbstractThis paper proposes a new simple maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control scheme for a PV system without using conventional “mountain climbing” optimum operating point searching technique. Although no information is needed on PV array, the generated output power is maximized by utilizing limit cycle phenomena occurring on the equilibrium/nonequilibrium boundary of system power flow. A parameter design procedure to determine operating period based on a theoretical model is presented. It has been found that the operating period of limit cycle is kept constant depending on the circuit and control parameters irrespective of the insolation conditions of PV array. Availability of the proposed new MPPT control scheme has been shown by simulation and experimental results. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 143(2): 67–75, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.10134
A study of geoelectric potential change caused by rail leak current observed at Ohtawa, Gifu, Japan
Authors: Tanbo Toshiya , Sakai Hideo , Nagao Toshiyasu 
Published: February 2003

AbstractObservations of geoelectric potential have been conducted since 1997 at Ohtawa (Kamioka town, Gifu prefecture) for the purpose of testing the VAN method (short‐term earthquake prediction), as collaborative research of Toyama University and RIKEN‐IFREQ.The data from Ohtawa station are obtained in excellent condition for geoelectric potential study because of small artificial electric noises. A relatively strong change of geoelectric potential is observed. This is clearly correlated with the timetable of Tateyama railway. That is, the geoelectric potential change is caused by the leakage current from DC train of Tateyama railway. The current travels a distance of more than 16 km.The geoelectric potential changes caused by the leak current of Tateyama railway may be useful to study the electrical resistivity of the soil and its time variation around the area. Time variation of the largest amplitude of the rail leak current has been analyzed since April 1998 to obtain the variation of apparent resistivity.So far, there has not been sensible correlation for apparent resistivity variation and an inert seismic activity. In contrast, it is remarkable that the resistance changes gently in a cycle of 1 year. The gentle variation of resistivity is thought to be caused by an annual or seasonal phenomenon. The leakage of the current from DC train is a powerful tool to monitor temporal variation of resistivity structure around the area. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 143(2): 1–10, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.10142
Characterisation of Moringa stenopetala seed oil variety “Marigat” from island Kokwa
Authors: Lalas Stavros , Tsaknis John , Sflomos Konstantinos 
Published: February 2003

AbstractThe oil from Moringa stenopetala seeds variety Marigat from the island Kokwa was extracted using 3 different procedures including cold press (CP), extraction with n‐hexane and extraction with a mixture of chloroform:methanol (1:1) (CM). The yield of oil was 35.7% (CP) to 44.9% (CM). The density, refractive index, colour, smoke point, viscosity, acidity, saponification value, iodine value, fatty acid methyl esters, sterols, tocopherols (by high‐performance liquid chromatography), peroxide value, E at 232 nm and the susceptibility to oxidation measured by the Rancimat method were determined.The oil was found to contain high levels of unsaturated fatty acids, especially oleic (up to 76.40%). The dominant saturated acids were behenic (up to 6.01%) and palmitic (up to 6.21%). The oil was also found to contain high levels of β‐sitosterol (up to 52.19%%of total sterols), stigmasterol (up to 16.53% of total sterols) and campesterol (up to 14.26% of total sterols). α‐, β‐ and δ‐tocopherols were detected up to levels of 98.00, 44.50 and 82.41 mg/kg of oil, respectively. The reduction of the induction period (at 120 °C) of M. stenopetala seed oil ranged from 29.4% to 54.7% after degumming. The M. stenopetala seed oil showed high stability to oxidative rancidity. The results of all the above determinations were compared with those of a commercial virgin olive oil and Moringa oleifera seed oil.
Directed sequential synthesis of conjugated linoleic acid isomers from Δ7, 9 to Δ12, 14
Authors: Destaillats Frédéric , Angers Paul 
Published: February 2003

AbstractPosition and configuration isomers of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), from 7, 9‐ through 12, 14‐C18:2, were synthesized by directed sequential isomerizations of a mixture of rumenic (cis‐9, trans‐11 C18:2) and trans‐10, cis‐12 C18:2 acids. Indeed, the synthesized conjugated fatty acids cover the range of unsaturated systems as found in milk fat CLA. The two‐step sequence consisted in initial sigmatropic rearrangement of cis/trans CLA isomers at 200 °C for 13 h under inert atmosphere (Helium, He), followed by selenium‐catalyzed geometrical isomerization of double bonds at 120 °C for 20 h under He. Product analysis was achieved by gas‐liquid chromatography using a 120 m polar capillary column coated with 70% cyanoalkylpolysiloxane equivalent polymer. Migration of conjugated systems was geometrically controlled as follows: the cis‐Cn, trans‐Cn+2 double bond system was rearranged through a pericyclic [1, 5] sigmatropic mechanism into a trans‐Cn‐1, cis‐Cn+1 unsaturated system, while the trans‐Cn, cis‐Cn+2 double bond system was rearranged through a similar pericyclic mechanism into a cis‐Cn+1, trans‐Cn+3 unsaturated system. Selenium‐catalyzed geometrical isomerization under mild conditions then allowed cis/trans double bond configuration transitions, resulting in the formation of all cis, all trans, cis‐trans and trans‐cis isomers. A sequential combination of the two reactions resulted in a facile controlled synthesis of CLA isomers, useful for the chromatographic identification of milk fat CLA, as well as for the preparation of CLA standard mixture.
Asymmetric Sharpless epoxidation of 13S‐hydroxy‐ 9Z, 11E‐octadecadienoic acid (13S‐HODE)
Authors: Nor Omar Muhammad , Moynihan Humphrey A. , Hamilton Richard J. 
Published: February 2003

AbstractThe asymmetric Sharpless epoxidation of methyl 13S‐hydroxy‐9Z, 11E‐octadeca‐dienoate (13S‐HODE, 1) with tert‐butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) catalysed by titanium tetraisopropoxide {Ti(iOPr)4} in the presence of L(+)‐diisopropyl tartrate (L‐DIPT) gave methyl 13S‐hydroxy‐11S, 12S‐epoxy‐9Z‐octadecenoate 2 (erythro isomer) in 84% diastereomeric excess (de). The epoxidation of 1 with TBHP catalysed by Ti(iOPr)4 in the presence of D(‐)‐DIPT yielded methyl 13S‐hydroxy‐11RR12R‐epoxy‐9Z‐octadecenoate (threo isomer) 3 in 76% de.
Determination of monoglycerides, diglycerides, triglycerides and glycerol in fats by means of gel permeation chromatography [C‐VI 5b(02)]
Authors: Schoenfelder Wolfgang 
Published: February 2003

AbstractThe “Joint Committee for the Analysis of Fats, Oils, Fatty Products, Related Products and Raw Materials (GAFett)” has developed the following method for the determination of the content of monoglycerides, diglycerides, triglycerides and glycerol in fats and fat derivatives. It is intended to include this method in Section C, Chapter VI of the German Standard Methods.
Elimination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by bleaching of olive pomace oil
Authors: León‐Camacho Manuel , Viera‐Alcaide Isabel , Ruiz‐Méndez M. Victoria 
Published: February 2003

AbstractA detailed study of the efficacy of the bleaching process for elimination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Spanish olive pomace oils has been carried out. For this purpose active carbon with bleaching earth was used as absorbent. The amount of benzo‐(α)‐pyrene was determined by reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography with a Fluorimetric detector. The use of exhausted filter‐cakes in countercurrent processes with a cake formed of active carbon and bleaching earth is very efficient for reducing the initial content of benzo‐(α)‐pyrene before the addition of fresh adsorbent, thus reducing the amounts of carbon and earth required.
Investigating the needs of carers in the area of eating disorders: development of the Carers' Needs Assessment Measure (CaNAM)
Authors: Haigh Rachel , Treasure Janet 
Published: February 2003

AbstractObjective:To develop an instrument that can be used to assess the needs of carers of people with an eating disorder and to perform a pilot test of this measure.Method:A focus group was held with 12 carers of people with anorexia nervosa (AN). A self‐report questionnaire, the Carers' Needs Assessment Measure (CaNAM), was developed from discussions of the focus group. A pilot test of the CaNAM was carried out with a sample of 28 carers of people with AN.Results:Carers of people with AN showed high levels of unmet needs in the domains of ‘Information about eating disorders’, ‘Support from other people/organizations’ and ‘Information received from general practitioners’.Discussion:Carers of people with AN show high levels of unmet needs. The dominant need was for practical and emotional help in dealing with the eating disorder. A revised version of the CaNAM is currently being tested with a larger sample of carers. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Decisional balance in anorexia nervosa: capitalizing on ambivalence
Authors: Cockell Sarah J. , Geller Josie , Linden Wolfgang 
Published: February 2003

AbstractPrevious research has shown that unlike two‐factor solutions found in other populations, the Decisional Balance (DB) scale for anorexia nervosa consists of three factors: Benefits (Pros), Burdens (Cons), and Functional Avoidance.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of the DB scale for anorexia nervosa and to investigate relationships between DB scores and pre‐action stages of change.MethodEighty women with anorexia nervosa were recruited from consecutive referrals to an eating disorder clinic. Participants completed the DB scale, as well as measures to assess validity.ResultsThe DB scale demonstrated good convergent and discriminant validity. Furthermore, relative to individuals in precontemplation, individuals in contemplation reported more disadvantages of anorexia nervosa (i.e. higher Burdens) and more insight regarding how anorexia nervosa provides a means to avoid (i.e. higher Functional Avoidance). Benefits of anorexia nervosa did not change between pre‐action stages.DiscussionThe clinical implications for enhancing readiness to change are addressed. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Environment and archeology in Beringia
Authors: Hoffecker John F. , Elias Scott A. 
Published: February 2003

AbstractThe occupation of Beringia remains one of the most complex problems in human paleoecology. This is because of the wide array of variables that are likely to have affected the timing and character of settlement in the now partially submerged land that lies between the Lena and Mackenzie Rivers. At a minimum, these variables include changing sea levels and coastlines, advancing and retreating glaciers, changing fauna and flora (including trees), and evolving human adaptations to high‐latitude environments. Humans occupied Beringia during the interval between the end of the Last Glacial Maximum cold peak (ca. 20,000 cal BP) and the beginning of the Holocene (11,600 cal BP), when all of these variables were in an almost constant state of flux.
Development of highly accurate interpolation methodfor mesh‐free flow simulations III. Analysis of accuracy and stability
Authors: Tanaka Nobuatsu 
Published: February 2003

AbstractA highly accurate interpolation method, CIVA, improves the accuracy of mesh‐free and grid‐less methods by taking into consideration first‐order spatial derivatives as variables; an approach based on the same idea as that on which CIP is based. In this study, the accuracy and stability of CIVA is evaluated by analytically and numerically. First, the general formulation of CIVA for the n‐dimensional case is described. Since CIVA contains the bubble function, we consider the determination methods: constant curvature condition and utilization of another computing point. Then, the relation between the bubble function in the CIVA method and the accuracy and stability is made clear by the analysis based on the Taylor expansion. Some computations of two‐dimensional passive scalar advection and advection–diffusion problems are performed for the verification of accuracy and stability. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Relaxation schemes for the shallow water equations
Authors: Delis A. I. , Katsaounis Th. 
Published: February 2003

AbstractWe present a class of first and second order in space and time relaxation schemes for the shallow water (SW) equations. A new approach of incorporating the geometrical source term in the relaxation model is also presented. The schemes are based on classical relaxation models combined with Runge–Kutta time stepping mechanisms. Numerical results are presented for several benchmark test problems with or without the source term present. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High‐molecular‐weight tropomyosins localize to the contractile rings of dividing CNS cells but are absent from malignant pediatric and adult CNS tumors
Authors: Hughes Julie A.I. , Cooke‐Yarborough Claire M. , Chadwick Nigel C. , Schevzov Galina , Arbuckle Susan M. , Gunning Peter , Weinberger Ron P. 
Published: February 2003

AbstractTropomyosin has been implicated in the control of actin filament dynamics during cell migration, morphogenesis, and cytokinesis. In order to gain insight into the role of tropomyosins in cell division, we examined their expression in developing and neoplastic brain tissue. We found that the high‐molecular‐weight tropomyosins are downregulated at birth, which correlates with glial cell differentiation and withdrawal of most cells from the cell cycle. Expression of these isoforms was restricted to proliferative areas in the embryonic brain and was absent from the adult, where the majority of cells are quiescent. However, they were induced under conditions where glial cells became proliferative in response to injury. During cytokinesis, these tropomyosin isoforms were associated with the contractile ring. We also investigated tropomyosin expression in neoplastic CNS tissues. Low‐grade astrocytic tumors expressed high‐molecular‐weight tropomyosins, while highly malignant CNS tumors of diverse origin did not (P ≤ 0.001). Furthermore, high‐molecular‐weight tropomyosins were absent from the contractile ring in highly malignant astrocytoma cells. Our findings suggest a role for high‐molecular‐weight tropomyosins in astrocyte cytokinesis, although highly malignant CNS tumors are still able to undergo cell division in their absence. Additionally, the correlation between high‐molecular‐weight tropomyosin expression and tumor grade suggests that tropomyosins are potentially useful as indicators of CNS tumor grade. GLIA 42:25–35, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Molecular mechanisms underlying dexamethasone inhibition of iNOS expression and activity in C6 glioma cells
Authors: Shinoda Jun , McLaughlin Katherine E. , Bell Helen S. , Swaroop Gopal R. , Yamaguchi Shin‐Ichi , Holmes Megan C. , Whittle Ian R. 
Published: February 2003

AbstractThe synthetic glucocorticoid dexamethasone is routinely used to stabilize patients with malignant gliomas. One putative target for glucocorticoid action is inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), which is produced by the tumor cells as well as the host immune cells. In this study, we characterize the stimulatory effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and the cytokine, tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNFα), as well as the inhibitory effect of glucocorticoids, on iNOS gene expression and activity in C6 glioma cells cultured in vitro. LPS significantly increased iNOS mRNA expression, peaking at 6 h, while nitrite formation increased with time up to 72 h. Although TNFα alone induced neither iNOS mRNA expression nor nitrite formation, it significantly potentiated the effect of LPS on both. iNOS activity induced by LPS with or without TNFα was dose‐dependently inhibited by dexamethasone, reaching a maximum of approximately 83% inhibition. This was completely reversed by the addition of RU38486, an antagonist of glucocorticoid receptors (GR). Dexamethasone inhibited iNOS mRNA expression; however, the maximum inhibition obtained was only 10%. These results suggest that as for induction of iNOS activity in C6 cells in vitro, the stimulatory effect of LPS is mainly due to an action at the transcriptional level. TNFα does not have intrinsic inducing activity, but has potentiating effects at the transcriptional and possibly at the posttranscriptional levels in the presence of LPS. The inhibitory effect of dexamethasone is GR‐mediated and is mainly due to action at the posttranscriptional level. GLIA 42:68–76, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Diffusion parameters of the extracellular space in human gliomas
Authors: Vargová Lýdia , Homola Aleš , Zámečník Josef , Tichý Michal , Beneš Vladimír , Syková Eva 
Published: February 2003

AbstractTumor cell migration through the extracellular space (ECS) might be affected by its pore size and extracellular matrix molecule content. ECS volume fraction α (α = ECS volume/total tissue volume), tortuosity λ (λ2= free/apparent diffusion coefficient) and nonspecific uptake k′ were studied by the real‐time tetramethylammonium method in acute slices of human tissue. The diffusion parameters in temporal cortical tissue resected during surgical treatment of temporal lobe epilepsy (control) were compared with those in brain tumors. Subsequently, tumor slices were histopathologically classified according to the grading system of the World Health Organization (WHO), and proliferative activity was assessed. The average values of α, λ, and k′ in control cortex were 0.24, 1.55, and 3.66 × 10−3s−1, respectively. Values of α, λ, and k′ in oligodendrogliomas did not significantly differ from controls. In pilocytic astrogliomas (WHO grade I) as well as in ependymomas (WHO grade II), α was significantly higher, while λ and k′ were unchanged. Higher values of α as well as λ were found in low‐grade diffuse astrocytomas (WHO grade II). In cellular regions of high‐grade astrocytomas (WHO grade III and IV), α and λ were further increased, and k′ was significantly larger than in controls. Classic medulloblastomas (WHO grade IV) had an increased α, but not λ or k′, while in the desmoplastic type α and k′ remained unchanged, but λ was greatly increased. Tumor malignancy grade strongly corresponds to an increase in ECS volume, which is accompanied by a change in ECS structure manifested by an increase in diffusion barriers for small molecules. GLIA 42:77–88, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Evaluating AHRD research using a feminist research framework
Authors: Bierema Laura L. , Cseh Maria 
Published: February 2003

AbstractOver 600 AHRD Proceedings papers from 1996 to 2000 were analyzed according to a feminist
research framework. Although knowledge in HRD is being produced through both traditional and nontraditional
methodologies, few studies recognize gender and race/ethnicity as a category of analysis. Nearly absent from
the literature are studies concerned with women/diverse people's experience; asymmetrical power
arrangements; problems of racism and sexism; and advocacy of social justice and change. Implications
for research are discussed.
The effects of home‐based teleworking on work‐family conflict
Authors: Madsen Susan R. 
Published: February 2003

AbstractA key issue in HRD is to identify and determine factors that influence the performance of employees and
organizations. Two possible factors are the initiation of teleworking and the reduction of work‐family
conflict. The purpose of this survey questionnaire study was to investigate the differences in work‐family
conflict between full‐time worksite employees and full‐time teleworking employees (individuals
who worked from home at least two days per week). Two hundred and twenty‐one usable surveys were
returned from full‐time teleworkers and nonteleworkers in seven corporate organizations. The findings
indicate that teleworkers had lower levels of various dimensions of work‐family conflict. Relationships
were also found between work‐family conflict and gender, health, number of hours worked, and number of
children.