bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Elucidation of the Mechanism of K‐Ion Storage of Hard Carbon and Soft Carbon Anodes in Ether‐ and Ester‐Based Electrolytes
Authors: Jian Wenbin , Qiu Xueqing , Lai Yuyan , Yin Panchao , Lin Jinxin , Zhang Wenli 
Published: October 2023

AbstractGraphite anodes experience co‐intercalation of K+ ions and solvent in ether‐based electrolytes, which enables ultrafast kinetics of potassium‐ion storage. The potassium‐ion storage mechanisms of amorphous soft carbon (SC) and hard carbon (HC) anodes in ether‐based electrolytes are ambiguous. Herein, the co‐intercalation mechanisms of SC and HC in ether‐based electrolytes are elucidated. The solvated K+ intercalates with a solvation structure, which avoids the sluggish desolvation process. Thus, HC and SC anodes display excellent rate capabilities. Moreover, the SC anode forms ternary K‐graphite intercalation compounds during the potassiation process. It is also demonstrated that solvated K+ is not only stored in the spacing between graphene nanodomains but can also be stored in the closed pores of HC, enabling higher capacities than pure K+ intercalation in ester‐based electrolytes. Nevertheless, the co‐intercalation causes the large volume expansion of SC and HC, giving rise to irreversible structural damage and capacity decay of SC and HC. The strong interaction between K+ ions and ether molecules is the main reason for the co‐intercalation. A thick and organic‐rich solid electrolyte interphase film formed in ester‐based electrolytes can hinder the co‐intercalation in ether‐based electrolytes.
Black Phosphorus Modulated Ru Electrocatalyst for Highly Efficient and Durable Seawater Splitting
Authors: Yang Huanhuan , Wang Xin , Xia Shini , Zhang Shumeng , Zhang Rong , Li Xinxin , Yu Xue‐Feng , Zhang Xue , Bai Licheng 
Published: October 2023

AbstractElectrochemical water splitting presents a potential method for generating clean and renewable hydrogen energy. The extensive utilization of such energy depends on the availability of abundant and easily accessible sources of water. However, despite the significant development prospects, direct seawater decomposition is hindered by the presence of impurities, intricate pretreatment, and reaction process, etc, which hinders the efficient implementation of seawater electrolysis as a means of hydrogen production. Herein, a strategy is described to modulate the Ru surface electronic structure through rapid formation of Ru─P bonds between Ru and black phosphorus (BP), thereby optimizing the electrochemical activity in the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). By adjusting the amount of BP, the HER price activity of BPed‐Ru‐Gr exhibits a remarkable increase of 3.8‐fold and 10.4‐fold compared with the original Ru‐Gr and the benchmark of commercial Pt/C in 1.0 m KOH. Furthermore, BPed‐Ru‐Gr also demonstrates high HER stability and activity in alkaline seawater. The price activity of BPed‐Ru‐Gr exceeds that of the state‐of‐the art Pt/C by a factor of 13.0 after 1000 cycles. The research reveales the marine corrosion resistance of BP on Ru and Pt metal catalysts in the HER, demonstrating its ability to resist the corrosion of Cl ions in alkaline seawater.
Association between traits related to fruit quality in papaya (Carica papaya L.) hybrids and their implications for selection
Authors: Pereira Miranda Daniel , Ramos Helaine Christine Cancela , Santa‐Catarina Renato , Vettorazzi Julio Cesar Fiorio , Grasiela Silva Santana Josefa , Poltronieri Tathianne Pastana de Sousa , Pirovani Adriana Azevedo Vimercati , Duarte Rafaela Pereira , Rodrigues Alex Souza , Bohry Dieimes , Santos Juliana Saltires , Azevedo Alinne Oliveira Nunes , Pereira Messias Gonzaga 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe knowledge of the associations between the variables and the cause–effect discrimination allows the breeders to make efficient of new cultivars development with traits that meet the demands of producers and consumers. Therefore, the present work aimed to study the associations among the quality variables of papaya (Carica papaya L.) fruits and the effects on selection process. Eight variables related to fruit quality were evaluated in 62 topcross hybrids. The phenotypic and genotypic correlations and path analyses were performed to verify the associations between the variables and the effects on pulp volume. Canonical correlation analysis between primary and secondary quality variables was also carried out. Fruit firmness and soluble solids content showed a positive and significant genotypic correlation, providing evidence for selecting fruits with high averages for both variables. Fruit weight and pulp thickness (PT) were the variables that most contributed to the reduction and increased pulp volume percentage (PV%), respectively. The canonical correlation analysis showed an increase in PT associated with an increase in the fruit length and PV%variables. The physical–chemical variables showed a low association with others, which will make the selection process more laborious to obtain satisfactory gains between the groups of variables.
Cutting schedule and species composition to improve energy‐to‐protein ratios in alfalfa‐based mixtures
Authors: Bélanger Gilles , Tremblay Gaëtan F. , Thivierge Marie‐Noëlle , Thériault Mireille , Seguin Philippe , Lajeunesse Julie , Claessens Annie 
Published: October 2023

AbstractEnergy‐to‐protein ratios have been suggested as a potential forage attribute related to nitrogen (N) use efficiency in dairy cows but how these ratios vary with the cutting management of alfalfa‐based mixtures is poorly known. Our objective was to determine the effect of cutting schedules of alfalfa‐based mixtures and their species composition on two forage energy‐to‐protein ratios from a large number of samples from four field experiments with previously published results on forage dry matter yield and nutritive value. The two energy‐to‐protein ratios were (1) nonfiber carbohydrates (NFC) to crude protein (CP), NFC/CP, and (2) NFC to the sum of nonprotein N (NPN) and rapidly degradable protein fraction (PB1), NFC/(NPN + PB1). Cutting alfalfa‐based mixtures at the early bloom stage rather than at the early bud stage of alfalfa and taking a fall harvest increased mostly the NFC/CP ratio. Including at least one grass species with alfalfa had variable effects on the two ratios. Although several grass species were tested, we cannot conclude on the best grass species to use. Observed increases in the energy‐to‐protein ratios, however, were relatively small (<8%) and not always consistent in different experiments. Because the relative changes in the energy (NFC) and protein (CP or NPN + PB1) components of the ratios often varied in the same direction when induced by cutting schedules or the presence of grasses with alfalfa, opportunities to improve energy‐to‐protein ratios with those practices remain limited.
Hybridization of covalent organic frameworks and photosensitive metal‐organic rings: A new strategy for constructing supramolecular Z‐scheme heterostructures for ultrahigh photocatalytic hydrogen evolution
Authors: Li Xin‐Ao , Liang Zi‐Zhan , Zhou Ye‐Cheng , Huang Jian‐Feng , Wang Xiao‐Lin , Xiao Li‐Min , Liu Jun‐Min 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe rational design of Z‐scheme heterojunction photosystems based on covalent organic frameworks (COFs) is a promising strategy for harnessing solar energy for hydrogen conversion. Herein, a direct Z‐scheme single‐atom photocatalyst based on COF and metal‐organic ring has been constructed through the supramolecular interactions of coral‐like COF (S‐COF) and photosensitized Pd2L2 type metal‐organic ring (MAC‐FA1). The MAC‐FA1/S‐COF heterojunction exhibits good light absorption, efficient charge separation and transfer, slow electron‐hole recombination, and highly dispersed Pd active sites, enabling an efficient and stable H2 evolution reaction. The optimized 4% MAC‐FA1/S‐COF achieves an H2 evolution rate of 100 mmol g−1 h−1 within 5 h and obtains a total accumulated turn‐over number relative to Pd (TONPd) of 437,685 within 20 h, far superior to S‐COF, MAC‐FA1, M‐5/S‐COF, Pd/S‐COF, and M‐5/Pd/S‐COF, which is one of the highest records among COF‐based photocatalysts for solar‐driven H2 evolution. This is the first work to incorporate photosensitized metal‐organic rings/cages into porous crystalline COFs to form a supramolecular Z‐scheme heterojunction, which has significant potential as a high‐performance photocatalyst for solar‐driven H2 production.
Ce6 nanoassemblies: Molecular mechanism and strategies for combinational anticancer therapy
Authors: Liu Yuwei , Xu Shuting , Lyu Qingyang , Huang Yi , Wang Weiping 
Published: October 2023

AbstractNowadays, cancer has become the leading cause of death worldwide, driving the need for effective therapeutics to improve patient prognosis. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been widely applied as an antitumor modality, owing to its minimal invasiveness, localized tumor damage, and high safety profile. However, its efficacy is limited by poor stability of photosensitizers, inadequate tumor accumulation, and a complex tumor microenvironment. To overcome these challenges, extensive endeavors have been made to explore the co‐assembly of the widely used photosensitizer chlorin e6 (Ce6) with various functional small molecules to enhance pharmacodynamic activity. This review provides a comprehensive overview of current studies on Ce6‐based nanoparticles for effective PDT and precise delivery of functional molecules. The self‐assembly mechanism will be discussed in detail, with a focus on potential strategies for combinational therapy with PDT.
Causes of death in individuals with trisomy 18 after the first year of life
Authors: Mehl Justin M. , Gelfond Jonathan , Carey John C. , Cody Jannine D. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMortality in individuals with trisomy 18 has significantly decreased over the past 20 years, but there is scant literature addressing the prognosis and cause of death in individuals with trisomy 18 and survival past the first year of life (YOL). This study analyzed factors associated with mortality and cause of death in a retrospective cohort of 174 individuals with trisomy 18 and survival past the first YOL, the largest such series to date. Data were collected via retrospective survey of parents of affected individuals. Prenatal diagnosis of trisomy 18; postnatal respiratory distress; maternal age > 35 years; birthweight <2000 g; brain and spinal cord defect(s); atrial and/or ventricular septal defect(s); inability to feed orally without medical assistance; and failure to meet sitting and rolling milestones were associated with mortality in this sample. Cause of death was compared between our cohort of individuals with trisomy 18 and existing literature on those with mortality before the first YOL. Individuals with trisomy 18 with mortality after the first YOL demonstrated a predominance of infectious (n = 10/22) and postoperative (n = 6/22) contributing causes of death, in contrast to the existing literature, which shows a predominance of cardiopulmonary causes of death (e.g., cardiopulmonary arrest, pulmonary hypertension). These findings demonstrate that individuals with trisomy 18 and survival past the first YOL have unique medical needs, but further research is needed to develop clinical guidelines for this growing population.
Psychiatrists' perceptions of and reactions to a simulated psychiatric genetic counseling session
Authors: Cardiff Katharine , Ecker Lindsey Alico , Austin Jehannine 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPsychiatric genetic counseling (pGC) has been demonstrated to have meaningful positive outcomes for people with psychiatric conditions and their families. However, it is not widely accessed, and clinical genetics services tend to receive few referrals for these indications. Little research has evaluated psychiatrists' perceptions of and experience with interfacing with pGC. Therefore, we invited Ontario‐based psychiatrists to participate in a study in which they first watched a simulated pGC session (representative of typical practice: the patient had depression with no exceptionally dense family history of psychiatric conditions, no genetic testing is provided, and no family‐based risk assessment is performed), then completed zoom‐based qualitative semi‐structured interviews. Interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim and checked for accuracy. Using interpretive description to analyze interviews with 12 psychiatrists (data collection was stopped at this point, as theoretical sufficiency was achieved), we generated two theoretical models: the first described the decision‐making pathway psychiatrists currently follow when determining whether and how to address genetics with a patient; the second described psychiatrists' ideas for integrating pGC into care models for the future. Our data shed light on how to facilitate the delivery of pGC for people with psychiatric conditions and their families.
Radical‐Induced C−H Direct Activation of Quinoxaline via Visible Light Photoredox‐Catalyzed
Authors: Tan Meixia , Wu Bin , Kang Jianjun , Wang Jin , Chen Yan , Lin Chen , Ke Fang 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe photocatalytic C(sp2)−H functionalization of quinoxaline derivatives using potassium iodide as photoredox‐mediators has been described. The lower price of potassium iodide compared to standard photocatalysts, readily available substrates, and environmental solvent constitute make this method cost‐effective and interesting. A catalytic amount of KI is applied to the direct activation of C−H bonds for the construction of heterocyclic compound. This system has simple operation, the characteristics of easy to obtain raw materials, high yield and excellent substrate adaptability provide a new method for the synthesis of C2 substituent quinoxalines.
Climate change effects on the distribution of yellow‐breasted capuchin monkey (Sapajus xanthosternos (Wied‐Neuwied, 1826))
Authors: de Oliveira Jéssica Vargas , Vasquez Vagner Lacerda , Beltrão‐Mendes Raone , Pinto Míriam Plaza 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe magnitude of recent climatic changes has no historical precedent and impacts biodiversity. Climatic changes may displace suitable habitats (areas with suitable climates), leading to global biodiversity decline. Primates are among the most affected groups. Most primates depend on forests and contribute to their maintenance. We evaluated the potential effects of climatic change on the distribution of Sapajus xanthosternos, a critically endangered primate whose geographical range encompasses three Brazilian biomes. We evaluated changes between baseline (1970–2000) and future (2081–2100) climates using multivariate analysis. Then, we compared current and future (2100) climatic suitability projections for the species. The climatic changes predicted throughout the S. xanthosternos range differed mostly longitudinally, with higher temperature increases in the west and higher precipitation reductions in the east. Climatic suitability for S. xanthosternos is predicted to decline in the future. Areas with highest current climatic suitability occur as a narrow strip in the eastern part of the geographic range throughout the latitudinal range. In the future, areas with highest values are projected to be located as an even narrower strip in the eastern part of the geographical range. A small portion of forest remnants larger than 150 ha located in the east has larger current and future suitability values. At this large scale, the spatial heterogeneity of the climate effects reinforce the importance of maintenance of current populations in different areas of the range. The possibility that phenotypic plasticity helps primates cope with reduced climatic suitability may be mediated by habitat availability, quality, and connectivity.
“It's Self‐Determination. Blackfullas Making Right Decisions for Blackfullas”: Why Indigenous‐owned businesses create better Indigenous employment outcomes
Authors: Eva Christian , Harris Jessica , Bodle Kerry , Foley Dennis , Hunter Boyd , Nichols Nina 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPrevious research demonstrates that businesses that are Indigenous‐owned are far more likely to employ Indigenous people than non‐Indigenous‐owned businesses (Hunter, 2015). The majority of the literature on Indigenous employment uses a deficit discourse, describing factors that prevent or exclude Indigenous people from non‐Indigenous‐owned organisations. There is markedly less literature using a strength‐based approach, detailing how Indigenous‐owned businesses create workplaces without barriers to Indigenous employment. Through 32 semistructured interviews with Indigenous business owners, managers, and Indigenous employees of Indigenous‐owned businesses, this paper provides insights into how participants' businesses create workplaces that are more supportive of, and conducive to, Indigenous employment. This paper finds that Indigenous approaches to governance inform an organisational level of cultural competence, which creates tailored and specific practices that support better Indigenous employment outcomes. This resonates with the concept of Indigenous ways of “knowing, being, and doing,” and how this framework encompasses participants' approaches to business operations. In the light of increasing public and private policy commitments to improve Indigenous employment outcomes, it is imperative that the Indigenous business sector's best practice inform said policies, given its successes. However, inherent in these findings are broader discussions into more systemic and societal issues that go beyond workplace policy.
Fabrication of cellulose acetate microfluidic devices using injection molding and CO2 laser ablation
Authors: Chai Menghao , Xu Linlong , Gao Chuhan , Zhang Yajun , Fan Yiqiang 
Published: October 2023

AbstractCellulose acetate (CA) is a bio‐based polymer derived from natural resources and has unique physical and chemical properties, such as high transparency, chemical and mechanical stability, hydrophilicity, biocompatibility, and biodegradability. This study proposed an approach for the fabrication of CA‐based microfluidic devices with injection molded CA sheet and CO2 laser‐ablated microchannel. This study also provided a detailed study of the width and depth of the laser‐ablated microchannels with various scan speeds and laser energy settings. A droplet generator and a diffusion mixer were also fabricated and tested for the demonstration of the proposed fabrication technique. Biocompatibility test, biodegradability test, and spontaneous flow experiments were also conducted with the fabricated CA‐based microfluidic devices. The proposed fabrication method for CA‐based microfluidic devices has great application prospects in analytical chemistry, biological, and medical fields for the formation of environmentally friendly microfluidics devices.
Spatial Manipulation of Fluorescent Colloidal Nanodiamonds for Applications in Quantum Sensing
Authors: Vashist Eklavy , Ghosh Souvik , Ghosh Ambarish 
Published: October 2023

AbstractNitrogen vacancy (NV) centers in diamonds are of current interest as quantum sensors, single photon sources, and biological nanomaterials due to their unique optical and spin properties, biocompatibility, and robust structure. Though NV center in diamonds demonstrates longer coherence time and has been used for more sensing and quantum operations compared to nanodiamonds (NDs), the prospect of selecting NDs with single, few, or multiple NV centers and moving the NDs to the location of interest makes NDs suitable for various applications, due to which there is a significant boost in the last decade to manipulate and position the NDs on the surface or to achieve dynamic control in the fluidic environment. This work covers some of the basics of the materials and optical properties of nanodiamonds and discusses the capabilities and challenges for practical applications, followed by a detailed review of the various static and dynamic manipulation methods of nanodiamonds in microfluidic environments (colloidal NDs).
Towards time and cost‐efficient habitat assessment: Challenges and opportunities for benthic ecology and management
Authors: Schenone Stefano , Azhar Mihailo , Delmas Patrice , Thrush Simon F. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

To the untrained eye, soft‐sediment habitats are often viewed as vast expanses of featureless sand and mud. With new technology, it is finally possible to begin to map the ecological heterogeneity of these ecosystems to reveal their importance for ecosystem service provision and open up new opportunities to manage their use and protect them.
When compared with terrestrial or marine vegetated habitats, the characterization of unvegetated soft sediments still lacks rapid and cost‐effective practices that allow the direct collection of ecological data at multiple spatial and temporal scales facilitating direct relevance to conservation and management. New technologies that allow for the building of maps that incorporate multiple scales of heterogeneity also provide new ways of upscaling necessarily detailed and small‐scale process studies.
The study of the relationship between benthic structure, biodiversity and ecosystem functioning can benefit from a range of established and novel techniques and creates new opportunities to empirically test generalities and predictions based on theory or small‐scale experimental studies. The capacity to map ecological changes rapidly and at scale and to link small‐scale experiments to landscapes uncovers new insights for seafloor conservation including rapid response to disturbance events, broad‐scale ecologically meaningful mapping and assessments of biodiversity–ecosystem function and biodiversity–ecosystem services relationships.
As technology advances and becomes more accessible to all, it offers promising new avenues of research to expand our current capabilities, and the adoption of nested approaches, with a synergy of different samplings simultaneously covering several scales and resolutions, is likely to have the most benefit, supporting decision‐making with ecologically insightful data, as well as the timely assessment of the outcomes of conservation actions.