bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Monomeric and polymeric anionic gemini surfactants and mixed surfactant systems in micellar electrokinetic chromatography. Part I: Characterization and application as novel pseudostationary phases
Authors: Akbay Cevdet , Gill Nicole L. , Powe Aleeta , Warner Isiah M. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractSodium di(undecenyl) tartarate monomer (SDUT), a vesicle‐forming amphiphilic compound possessing two hydrophilic carboxylate head groups and two hydrophobic undecenyl chains gemini surfactant, was prepared and polymerized to form a polymeric gemini surfactant (i.e., poly‐SDUT). These anionic surfactant systems with carboxylate (SDUT and poly‐SDUT) and sulfate (sodium dodecyl sulfate, SDS) head groups as well as mixed surfactant systems (SDS/SDUT, SDS/poly‐SDUT, and SDUT/poly‐SDUT) were then applied as novel pseudostationary phases in micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC). The SDUT and poly‐SDUT were characterized using various analytical techniques. Retention factors of 36 benzene derivatives were calculated in 20 mM phosphate buffer of each surfactant system. The retention factor values of the test solutes show that there are distinctive selectivity differences between the surfactant systems. Solute‐pseudostationary phase interactions in MEKC were also examined by determining the free energy of transfer of the substituted functional groups from the aqueous buffer phase into the pseudostationary phase.
A new type of migrating zone boundary in electrophoresis: 1. General description of boundary behavior based on electromigration dispersion velocity profiles
Authors: Gebauer Petr , Boček Petr 
Published: January 2005

AbstractTill now two principal types of electrophoretic boundaries have been recognized: a steady‐state one showing self‐sharpening properties and an unsteady‐state one showing electromigration dispersion (EMD). In this contribution, the existence of a third (hybrid) type of electrophoretic boundary is revealed, that shows simultaneously: (i) steady‐state character with self‐sharpening properties in a certain part of the boundary, demarcated by a certain range of its composition; (ii) unsteady‐state character with EMD in the resting part. A new theoretical approach to the study of the structure and properties of electrophoretic boundaries is presented, based on EMD velocity profiles representing the dependence of the EMD velocity on the composition in any point of the transition region across the boundary. According to this approach, the linearity or nonlinearity of the EMD velocity profile is recommended as the criterion for distinguishing the actual type of the boundary in question. It is shown that the new type of electrophoretic boundary is not an exotic case but may be observed even in simple systems as, e.g., formed by adjacent zones containing mixtures of current species such as picrate and acetate. Computer simulations are presented which confirm the theoretical conclusions and illustrate the three types of electrophoretic boundaries.
An integrated mBAND and submegabase resolution tiling set (SMRT) CGH array analysis of focal amplification, microdeletions, and ladder structures consistent with breakage–fusion–bridge cycle events in osteosarcoma
Authors: Lim Gloria , Karaskova Jana , Beheshti Ben , Vukovic Bisera , Bayani Jane , Selvarajah Shamini , Watson Spencer K. , Lam Wan L. , Zielenska Maria , Squire Jeremy A. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractOsteosarcoma (OS) is characterized by chromosomal instability and high‐copy‐number gene amplification. The breakage–fusion–bridge (BFB) cycle is a well‐established mechanism of genomic instability in tumors and in vitro models used to study the origins of complex chromosomal rearrangements and cancer genome amplification. However, until now, there have been no high‐resolution cytogenetic or genomic array studies of BFB events in OS. In the present study, multicolor banding (mBAND) FISH and submegabase resolution tiling set (SMRT) array comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) were used to identify and map genomic signatures of BFB events in four OS cell lines and one patient tumor. The expected intermediates associated with BFB—dicentric chromosomes, inverted duplications, and intra‐ and interchromosomal amplifications—were identified. mBAND analysis provided detailed mapping of rearrangements in 1p, 6p, and 8q and showed that translocation junctions were often in close proximity to fragile sites. More detailed mBAND studies of OS cell line MG‐63 revealed ladderlike FISH signals of equally spaced interchromosomal coamplifications of 6p21, 8q24, and 9p21–p22 in a homogeneously staining region (hsr). Focal amplifications that concordantly mapped to the hsr were localized to discrete genomic intervals by SMRT array CGH. The complex amplicon structure in this hsr suggests focal amplifications immediately adjacent to microdeletions. Moreover, the genomic regions in which there was deletion/amplification had a preponderance of fragile sites. In summary, this study has provided further support for the role of the BFB mechanism and fragile sites in facilitating gene amplification and chromosomal rearrangement in OS. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Components of behavioral pathology in dementia
Authors: Schreinzer Daniel , Ballaban Thomas , Brannath Werner , Lang Thomas , Hilger Eva , Fasching Peter , Fischer Peter 
Published: January 2005

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to examine the occurence of the noncognitive behavioral and psychological symptoms and signs of dementia in a geriatric chronic‐care hospital and to separate agitated and affective components of behavioral pathology using factor analysis.MethodsThe frequency and severity of Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia, mixed dementia and Lewy Body dementia was assessed in 145 consecutive residents of a chronic‐care hospital. The presence of noncognitive behavioral symptoms was evaluated with the Behavioral Pathology in Alzheimer's Disease Rating Scale (BEHAVE‐AD) and the Cohen‐Mansfield Agitation Inventory (CMAI). A Factor analysis on the BEHAVE‐AD subscores was performed to create symptom clusters. Analysis of covariance and post hoc tests were used to compare means of factor variables between different types of dementia.ResultsStatistical analysis showed a significant correlation between severity of dementia and BEHAVE‐AD total score and between severity of dementia and CMAI total score. Factor analysis with Varimax rotation revealed the presence of three behavioral subsyndromes: agitation, affectivity and day/night disturbances.ConclusionsThe finding of three factors of behavioral pathology in demented patients reflects the possibility that different etiological mechanisms could explain the expression of the symptoms and signs of psychosis in demented patients. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Physical health, depression and cognitive function as correlates of disability in an older Korean population
Authors: Kim Jae‐Min , Stewart Robert , Glozier Nicholas , Prince Martin , Kim Sung‐Wan , Yang Su‐Jin , Shin Il‐Seon , Yoon Jin‐Sang 
Published: January 2005

AbstractBackgroundThe World Health Organisation Disability Assessment Schedule II (WHODAS II) measures functioning and disability in concordance with the bio‐psycho‐social model of the WHO's International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health. Our objectives were to investigate the independent associations of physical health, depression and cognitive function with WHODAS II disability in an older Korean population.MethodsThe WHODAS II was administered to a community sample of 1204 residents age 65 or over. Data on demographic characteristics (age, gender, living area, marital state, and religion), socio‐economic state (education, type of accommodation, number of rooms, previous occupation, current employment, monthly income), social support, number of physical illness, depression (GMS), and cognitive function (MMSE) was gathered. A subsample (n = 746) received a clinical examination for dementia.ResultsScores on the WHODAS II were significantly and independently associated with worse physical health, depression, and lower cognitive function. Associations with other factors were no longer apparent after adjustment for these. These associations persisted in the absence of dementia. In participants with dementia (n = 110), WHODAS II scores were principally associated with physical health and accommodation type.ConclusionsLevel of disability, as measured by the WHODAS II, was principally associated with physical health, depression and cognitive function, rather than socio‐demographic factors. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Helix Inversion and Aggregation Behavior of Chiral Poly(N‐propargylamides)
Authors: Tabei Junichi , Nomura Ryoji , Shiotsuki Masashi , Sanda Fumio , Masuda Toshio 
Published: January 2005

AbstractSummary: N‐Propargyl‐2‐methyloctanamide, (1), N‐propargyl‐2‐ethyloctanamide, (2), and N‐propargyl‐2‐propyloctanamide, (3) were polymerized with (nbd)Rh+[η6‐C6H5B−(C6H5)3] as a catalyst to obtain the polymers with moderate molecular weights ( = 15 000–57 000). The 1H NMR spectra demonstrated that the polymers had a stereoregular structure (cis = 100%). The polymers were proven to take a helical conformation with an excess of one‐handed screw‐sense in CHCl3, which was supported by their intense CD signals and large specific rotations. The signs of Cotton effects of poly(2) and poly(3) were dependent on the solvents used for CD measurement, while that of poly(1) was independent of the solvents. In CHCl3/THF or CHCl3/toluene mixtures, the sign of Cotton effect of poly(2) was inverted with changing the solvent composition at 20 °C, and the Cotton effects of poly(2) in CHCl3/toluene = 70/30 and CHCl3/THF = 80/20 were largely influenced by temperature. From the filtration and light scattering experiments of poly(2), the CD sign inversion was proved to be the screw sense inversion.magnified image
Cover Picture: Macromol. Chem. Phys. 2/2005
Authors: Wang Zhaobo , Li Guicun , Xie Guangwen , Zhang Zhikun 
Published: January 2005

Cover: The cover picture presents the dispersion behavior of LDPE/TiO2 master batch and TiO2 nanoparticles in the LLDPE/LDPE/TiO2 composite films during the melt compounding process. The LDPE/TiO2 master batch is crushed into micron scale dispersed phases as a result of shear stress. TiO2 nanoparticles are released to ambient matrix, then form a wide ring surrounding the dispersed phases.Further details can be found in the Full Paper by Zhaobo Wang*, Guicun Li, Guangwen Xie, Zhikun Zhang on page 258.
The Synthesis of Magnetic Core‐Shell Nanoparticles by Surface‐Initiated Ring‐Opening Polymerization of ε‐Caprolactone
Authors: Schmidt Annette M. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractSummary: The synthesis of core‐shell particles with a poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL) shell and magnetite (Fe3O4) contents of between 10 wt.‐% and 41 wt.‐% proceeds by surface‐initiated ring‐opening polymerization of ε‐caprolactone to give surface‐immobilized oligomers with $\overline M _{\rm n}$ between 1 400 g · mol−1 and 11 500 g · mol−1. The particles are dispersable in good solvents for the PCL shell. Magnetization experiments on the resulting superparamagnetic ferrofluids give a core‐size distribution with an average diameter, dv, of about 9.7 nm.TEM image of Fe3O4/PCL core‐shell particles cast from CHCl3 dispersion.imageTEM image of Fe3O4/PCL core‐shell particles cast from CHCl3 dispersion.
Cognitive‐ and movement‐related potentials recorded in the human basal ganglia
Authors: Rektor Ivan , Bareš Martin , Brázdil Milan , Kaňovský Petr , Rektorová Irena , Sochǔrková Daniela , Kubová Dagmar , Kuba Robert , Daniel Pavel 
Published: January 2005

AbstractSources of potentials evoked by cognitive processing of sensory and motor activities were studied in 9 epilepsy surgery candidates with electrodes implanted in the basal ganglia (BG), mostly in the putamen. Several contacts were also located in the pallidum and the caudate. The recorded potentials were related to a variety of cognitive and motor activities (attentional, decisional, time estimation, sensory processing, motor preparation, and so on). In five different tests, we recorded P3‐like potentials evoked by auditory and visual stimuli and sustained potential shifts in the Bereitschaftspotential and Contingent Negative Variation protocols. All of the studied potentials were generated in the BG. They were recorded from all over the putamen. Various potentials on the same lead or nearby contacts were recorded. A functional topography in the BG was not displayed. We presume that the cognitive processes we studied were produced in clusters of neurons that are organized in the basal ganglia differently than the known functional organization, e.g., of motor functions. The basal ganglia, specifically the striatum, may play an integrative role in cognitive information processing, in motor as well as in nonmotor tasks. This role seems to be nonspecific in terms of stimulus modality and in terms of the cognitive context of the task. © 2005 Movement Disorder Society
The characterization of somatic APC mutations in colonic adenomas and carcinomas in Ashkenazi Jews with the APC I1307K variant using linkage disequilibrium
Authors: Zauber N Peter , Sabbath‐Solitare Marlene , Marotta Stephen P , Timothy Bishop D 
Published: January 2005

AbstractMutations of the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene play a critical role in the development of colorectal neoplasms. A novel mechanism involves a germline variant, at codon 1307 of the APC gene. The mutation is thought to create an unstable segment of DNA, which facilitates the development of somatic mutations. I1307K has been shown to be ancestral in Middle Eastern populations. The aim of the present study was to confirm this observation for a Western population and to utilize this information in the characterization of the somatic changes in colorectal neoplasia in carriers of I1307K. DNA from 182 US Ashkenazim was screened for the I1307K variant, which was found in 22 (12.1%), and the ancestral nature of this variant was confirmed in this population by showing that all of those with the I1307K variant carried a specific allele at the D5S346 locus, while the majority shared a D5S1385 allele. Subsequently, 79 neoplasms were analysed from 15 I1307K carriers for loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at the D5S346 locus. LOH was detected in 18 neoplasms (23%). Of these 18, four neoplasms showed loss of the I1307K‐associated allele, while 14 neoplasms had retained the I1307K‐associated allele and, by implication, the I1307K variant. PCR products were also cloned into a plasmid vector to isolate individual APC alleles. For those neoplasms with LOH, 13 of the 18 neoplasms (72%) had a somatic mutation, of which 12 involved the I307K‐bearing chromosome. This study is consistent with two previous studies in showing that additional somatic mutations close to codon 1307 are almost always on the I1307K‐bearing chromosome, but either allele may demonstrate LOH. Further evidence for the interpretation of the action of I1307K as producing DNA instability is provided by analysing multiple neoplasms from the same person and by showing that these neoplasms have differing patterns of LOH and associated somatic mutations. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Diverse p53 alterations in ulcerative colitis‐associated low‐grade dysplasia: full‐length gene sequencing in microdissected single crypts
Authors: Yoshida Tsutomu , Mikami Tetuo , Mitomi Hiroyuki , Okayasu Isao 
Published: January 2005

AbstractIn long‐standing ulcerative colitis (UC), p53 mutations have been shown to occur by indirect detection methods such as PCR–SSCP. To clarify whether p53 gene mutations are early events in UC‐associated neoplasia and to analyse clonality within dysplasia‐associated lesions or masses (DALMs), the entire coding region of the p53 gene was analysed in DNA of microdissected single crypts by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)–direct sequencing method. With a novel microdissection method using serial histological sections, the p53 gene (exons 2–11) was analysed in a total of 11 regenerative crypts and 76 single crypts within seven DALMs selected from three colectomy specimens of long‐standing UC patients. Although p53 point mutations were found in at least one crypt in each DALM, heterogeneity in terms of the presence and the type of genetic change was marked, except in one carcinoma. As early events, p53 gene mutations were apparent even in some regenerative crypts (8/12 crypts). Some were of silent type. Altered p53 protein expression was confirmed in only 14/32 mutated crypts and was also evident in 24 other non‐mutated examples by immunostaining of serial sections. Polyclonal p53 gene mutations were found in regenerative (REG) crypts and low‐grade dysplasia (LGD), but monoclonal changes were noted in high‐grade dysplasia (HGD) or carcinoma (Ca) in long‐standing UC. At the single crypt level, however, p53 point mutations were not always linked to p53 overexpression, indicating a discrepancy between gene alteration and protein accumulation in LGD. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Colorectal tumourigenesis in carriers of the APC I1307K variant: lone gunman or conspiracy?
Authors: Sieber Oliver , Lipton Lara , Heinimann Karl , Tomlinson Ian 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe APC I1307K allele is believed to predispose to multiple colorectal tumours because the change at the nucleotide level—A3TA4 to A8—creates a hypermutable site. Slippage of the A8 tract undoubtedly occurs more often than expected in the tumours of I1307K carriers, but many of these tumours do not harbour changes at this site. Outside the A8 tract, the tumours of I1307K carriers appear to harbour fewer somatic frameshift mutations than expected. There is inconsistent evidence as to whether or not I1307K confers an increased risk of colorectal cancer. Most I1307K patients and families who have undergone analysis of somatic APC mutations have been highly selected. It is therefore possible that many APC I1307K carriers with multiple adenomas have a susceptibility to tumours additional to that resulting from the A8 tract. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparative genomic hybridization analysis of bilateral hyperplasia of usual type of the breast
Authors: Jones Chris , Merrett Samantha , Thomas Valerie A , Barker Tim H , Lakhani Sunil R 
Published: January 2005

AbstractHyperplasia of usual type (HUT) is part of the spectrum of benign proliferative disease in the breast and confers an increased risk of developing invasive cancer. Its role as a putative precursor of invasive ductal carcinomas in the breast is, however, controversial. HUT is occasionally seen bilaterally but it is not clear whether there is a genetic predisposition to the process. This study has analysed 14 cases of bilateral HUT in the breast (28 independent lesions) by comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) analysis to define DNA copy number changes and to investigate any commonality in these genetic alterations. The mean number of alterations seen was 1.6 (46/28) in all lesions, with common losses at chromosomes 1p, 16p, 17q, and 22q. Bilaterally, only five alterations were seen in common across both lesions in both breasts, but no single locus was altered preferentially. These data indicate that a proportion of HUT in the breast are indeed clonal, neoplastic proliferations which exhibit genetic alterations in common with invasive breast cancer, albeit at very low levels. The limited data from these experiments do not reveal a specific predisposition locus. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nuclear expression of Y‐box‐binding protein‐1 correlates with P‐glycoprotein and topoisomerase II alpha expression, and with poor prognosis in synovial sarcoma
Authors: Oda Yoshinao , Ohishi Yoshihiro , Saito Tsuyoshi , Hinoshita Eiji , Uchiumi Takeshi , Kinukawa Naoko , Iwamoto Yukihide , Kohno Kimitoshi , Kuwano Michihiko , Tsuneyoshi Masazumi 
Published: January 2005

AbstractNuclear expression of the Y‐box‐binding protein (YB‐1) has been reported to correlate with the expression of P‐glycoprotein in breast cancer and osteosarcoma. Overexpression of the ATP‐binding cassette (ABC) superfamily, such as P‐glycoprotein/multi‐drug resistance (MDR) 1 and MDR‐associated protein (MRP) 1, 2 and 3, has been reported in various malignant neoplasms. Fifty‐four surgically resected synovial sarcomas were examined immunohistochemically for nuclear expression of YB‐1 and intrinsic expression of P‐glycoprotein, MRP1, MRP2, and topoisomerase II α, and the findings were compared with clinicopathological parameters, proliferative activities as evaluated by MIB‐1 labelling index (LI), and the patients' prognoses. In addition, MDR1, MRP1, MRP2, and MRP3 mRNA levels were assessed using a quantitative reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) method in 22 concordant frozen specimens from these cases and the findings were compared with six control skeletal muscle tissues. Independent prognostic factors were investigated using the Cox proportional hazards regression model. Nuclear expression of YB‐1 protein correlated with P‐glycoprotein expression (p = 0.0126). Moreover, cases with nuclear expression of YB‐1 correlated with poor survival (p = 0.0495) and showed a high topoisomerase II α labelling index (topo II α LI) (p = 0.0056) and a high MIB‐1 LI (p = 0.01). Multivariate Cox analysis showed that only the nuclear expression of YB‐1 (p = 0.0136) and high American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) stage (ie stage III or IV) (p < 0.0001) were independent factors for poor prognosis, while the expression of the YB‐1 responsive gene products examined was not. These results indicate that the nuclear expression of YB‐1 protein is associated with P‐glycoprotein expression and proliferative activity as shown by the topo II α LI and the MIB‐1 LI, and that expression of this protein is an important independent prognostic factor in synovial sarcoma. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Epstein–Barr virus‐associated carcinomas: facts and fiction
Authors: Herrmann Kathrin , Niedobitek Gerald 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) is associated with several human tumours including lymphoid and epithelial malignancies. Most EBV‐associated tumours are rare or occur at higher incidence only in certain geographical regions. The recently reported detection of EBV in gastric, breast, and hepatocellular carcinomas raises the possibility of involvement of the virus in the pathogenesis of common cancers. This article reviews the evidence linking EBV infection to epithelial tumours. It is concluded that at present, there is no convincing evidence to suggest that breast carcinoma and hepatocellular carcinoma are EBV‐associated tumours. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Experimental analysis of proximity as a social stimulus: Increasing on‐task behavior of an adolescent with autism
Authors: Wilczynski Susan M. , Fusilier Iantha , Dubard Melanie , Elliott Amy 
Published: January 2005

AbstractExperimental analysis of social stimuli has typically been restricted to the presence or absence of verbal attention. In the present study, an ABAB design was used to assess the influence of proximity as a social stimulus. Close and distant proximity of a familiar adult was systematically manipulated to evaluate the effect of proximity on the on‐task behavior of a 15‐year‐old male with autism. Baseline, experimental analysis, and intervention phases were conducted within a self‐contained classroom. Pronounced effects of distant educator proximity to the participant were evident during both the experimental analysis and intervention, with increased on‐task behavior occurring in the distant condition. Future recommendations for the investigation of proximity as a relevant social stimulus are forwarded. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Psychol Schs 42: 189–196, 2005.