bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and validation of an artificial intelligence software for periodontal bone loss in panoramic imaging
Authors: Amasya Hakan , Jaju Prashant Prakash , Ezhov Matvey , Gusarev Maxim , Atakan Cemal , Sanders Alex , Manulius David , Golitskya Maria , Shrivastava Kriti , Singh Ajita , Gupta Anuja , Önder Merve , Orhan Kaan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis retrospective study is aimed at developing a web‐based artificial intelligence (AI) software (DiagnoCat) for periodontal bone loss detection on panoramic radiographs and evaluating the model's performance by comparing it with clinicians' results. Separate models are trained for tooth and periodontal bone loss detection. The first model's objective was to detect teeth, segmenting their masks, and to define their numbering and developed with Mask R‐CNN using pretrained ResNet‐101 as a backbone. The second model was based on Cascade R‐CNN architecture and used for bone loss prediction. Around 100 radiographs are evaluated by three clinicians regarding tooth identification and periodontal bone loss, separately. Ground truth is determined by the consensus and model's performance is evaluated with kappa, precision, recall, and F‐score statistics. For tooth conditions, the overall F‐score, accuracy, and Cohen's kappa coefficients were found to be 0.948, 0.977, and 0.933 for the binary, and 0.992, 0.988, and 0.961 for the multiclass results. For bone loss detection, the overall F‐score, accuracy, and Cohen's kappa coefficients were found to be 0.985, 0.980, and 0.956 for the binary, and 0.996, 0.993, and 0.974 for the multiclass results. The results of this study suggest that the use of a web‐based AI software (DiagnoCat) can be beneficial in detecting periodontal bone loss on panoramic radiographs.
Human selection bias drives the linear nature of the more ground truth effect in explainable deep learning optical coherence tomography image segmentation
Authors: Maloca Peter M. , Pfau Maximilian , Janeschitz‐Kriegl Lucas , Reich Michael , Goerdt Lukas , Holz Frank G. , Müller Philipp L. , Valmaggia Philippe , Fasler Katrin , Keane Pearse A. , Zarranz‐Ventura Javier , Zweifel Sandrine , Wiesendanger Jonas , Kaiser Pascal , Enz Tim J. , Rothenbuehler Simon P. , Hasler Pascal W. , Juedes Marlene , Freichel Christian , Egan Catherine , Tufail Adnan , Scholl Hendrik P. N. , Denk Nora 
Published: October 2023

AbstractSupervised deep learning (DL) algorithms are highly dependent on training data for which human graders are assigned, for example, for optical coherence tomography (OCT) image annotation. Despite the tremendous success of DL, due to human judgment, these ground truth labels can be inaccurate and/or ambiguous and cause a human selection bias. We therefore investigated the impact of the size of the ground truth and variable numbers of graders on the predictive performance of the same DL architecture and repeated each experiment three times. The largest training dataset delivered a prediction performance close to that of human experts. All DL systems utilized were highly consistent. Nevertheless, the DL under‐performers could not achieve any further autonomous improvement even after repeated training. Furthermore, a quantifiable linear relationship between ground truth ambiguity and the beneficial effect of having a larger amount of ground truth data was detected and marked as the more‐ground‐truth effect.
Influence of structural parameters of 3D‐printed triply periodic minimal surface gyroid porous scaffolds on compression performance, cell response, and bone regeneration
Authors: Wang Zhenglun , Liao Bo , Liu Yongsheng , Liao Yunqian , Zhou Yu , Li Wei 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn this study, multi‐scale triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) porous scaffolds with uniform and radial gradient distribution on pore size were printed based on the selective laser melting technology, and the influences of porosity, pore size and radial pore size distribution on compression mechanical properties, cell behavior, and bone regeneration behavior were analyzed. The results showed that the compression performance of the uniform porous scaffolds with high porosity was similar to that of cancellous bone of pig tibia, and the gradient porous scaffolds have higher elastic modulus and compressive toughness. After 4 days of cell culture, cells were distributed on the surface of scaffolds mostly, and the number of adherent cells was higher on the small pore size porous scaffolds; After 7 days, the area and density of cell proliferation on the scaffolds were improved; After 14 days, the cells on the small pore size scaffolds tended to migrate to adjacent pores. Animal implantation experiments showed that collagen fiber osteoid was intermittent on scaffolds with high porosity and large pore size, which was not conducive to bone formation. The appropriate pore size and porosity of bone regeneration were 792 um and 83%, respectively, and the regenerative ability of gradient pore size was better than that of uniform pore size. Our study explains the rules of TPMS gyroid structure parameters on compression performance, cell response and bone regeneration, and provides a reference value for the design of bone repair scaffolds for clinical orthopedics.
Altered Neurovascular Coupling in Patients With Mitochondrial Myopathy, Encephalopathy, Lactic Acidosis, and Stroke‐Like Episodes (MELAS): A Combined Resting‐State fMRI and Arterial Spin Labeling Study
Authors: Wang Rong , Liu Xueling , Sun Chong , Hu Bin , Yang Liqin , Liu Yiru , Geng Daoying , Lin Jie , Li Yuxin 
Published: October 2023

BackgroundCoupling between neuronal activity and blood perfusion is termed neurovascular coupling (NVC), and it provides a potentially new mechanistic perspective into understanding numerous brain diseases. Although abnormal brain activity and blood supply have been separately reported in mitochondrial myopathy, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke‐like episodes (MELAS), whether anomalous NVC would be present is unclear.PurposeTo investigate NVC changes and potential neural basis in MELAS by combining resting‐state functional MRI (rs‐fMRI) and arterial spin labeling (ASL).Study TypeProspective.SubjectsTwenty‐four patients with MELAS (age: 29.8 ± 7.3 years) in the acute stage and 24 healthy controls (HCs, age: 26.4 ± 8.1 years). Additionally, 12 patients in the chronic stage were followed up.Field Strength/Sequence3.0 T, resting‐state gradient‐recalled echo‐planar imaging and pseudo‐continuous 3D ASL sequences.AssessmentAmplitude of low‐frequency fluctuation (ALFF), fractional ALFF (fALFF), regional homogeneity (ReHo), and functional connectivity strength (FCS) were calculated from rs‐fMRI, and cerebral blood flow (CBF) was computed from ASL. Global NVC was assessed by correlation coefficients of CBF‐ALFF, CBF‐fALFF, CBF‐ReHo, and CBF‐FCS. Regional NVC was also evaluated by voxel‐wise and lesion‐wise ratios of CBF/ALFF, CBF/fALFF, CBF/ReHo, and CBF/FCS.Statistical TestsTwo‐sample t‐test, paired‐sample t‐test, Gaussian random fields correction. A P value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsCompared with HC, MELAS patients in acute stage showed significantly reduced global CBF‐ALFF, CBF‐fALFF, CBF‐ReHo, and CBF‐FCS coupling (P < 0.001). Altered CBF/ALFF, CBF/fALFF, CBF/ReHo, and CBF/FCS ratios were found mainly distributed in the middle cerebral artery territory in MELAS patients. In addition, significantly increased NVC ratios were found in the acute stroke‐like lesions in acute stage (P < 0.001), with a recovery trend in chronic stage.Data ConclusionsThis study showed dynamic alterations in NVC in MELAS patients from acute to chronic stage, which may provide a novel insight for understanding the pathogenesis of MELAS.Evidence Level2Technical EfficacyStage 1
Orthopedic mechanism analysis of growing rod distraction for early‐onset scoliosis based on 3D morphological parameters
Authors: Lu Da , Wu Xueqing , Zhao Yafei , Pei Baoqing , Xu Yangyang , Wu Shuqin 
Published: October 2023

AbstractTraditional growing rod (TGR) provides a corrective moment for deformed segments to straighten the spine, whose clinical efficacy has proven positive and growth‐friendly. However, an insufficient understanding of orthopedic mechanisms can affect the development of clinical strategies. This research attempts to analyze the spine that has undergone four distraction operations: exploring the spinal orthopedic mechanism, including alignment, growth, and morphology. In this study, the spinal morphology curves were illustrated in three human planes to exhibit the changes in spinal alignment. The spinal growth characteristics were measured to discuss the unsynchronized and diminishing growth rate. The spinal deformations were evaluated to indicate asymmetric growth. As a result, the spinal alignment changes indicated the orthopedic process improved, but the re‐unbalance occurred after multiple distractions. Then, unsynchronized growth existed in the superior and inferior segments, and the growth rate over every distraction diminished. Finally, asymmetric growth was indicated as the axial/circumferential growth ratio getting greater and the cuneate level approaching normal. Accordingly, a TGR is growth‐friendly, but combining the osteotomy fusion of lumbar segments for severe early‐onset scoliosis may be an excellent choice to solve the insufficient corrective stimulation. Regarding the distraction process, reshaping before the final fusion can fix the balance loss, and a prolonged distraction frequency fits the law of diminishing return. In conclusion, studying orthopedic mechanisms based on morphological measurement can guide clinical strategy optimization.
Glacier thinning, recession and advance, and the associated evolution of a glacial lake between 1966 and 2021 atAusterdalsbreen, westernNorway
Authors: Seier Gernot , Abermann Jakob , Andreassen Liss M. , Carrivick Jonathan L. , Kielland Pål H. , Löffler Karina , Nesje Atle , Robson Benjamin A. , Røthe Torgeir O. , Scheiber Thomas , Winkler Stefan , Yde Jacob C. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe Jostedalsbreen is the largest ice cap in Norway and mainland Europe. Rapid retreat of many of its outlet glaciers since the 2000s has led to the formation of several glacial lakes. Processes causing the formation and expansion of glacial lakes and their interaction with a glacier and terminal moraine have not been widely addressed yet. In this study, we investigate the degradation of the front of the southeast‐facing outlet glacier Austerdalsbreen. Based on a variety of remotely sensed data (UAV‐based and airborne orthophotos and DEMs, satellite images), we analyze the coincident glacial and proglacial changes of Austerdalsbreen and quantify the evolution of this transition zone during the last decades. In particular, we focus on the short‐term evolution of the glacial lake since 2010, we examine the context of a glacier advance in the 1990s, and we report long‐term changes by utilizing 1960s imagery. We discuss the evolution and conditions of Austerdalsbreen compared to other outlet glaciers of Jostedalsbreen. Overall, the glacier terminus has experienced a recession in the last decades. The 1990s terminus advance was more restricted than at other nearby outlet glaciers due to glacier surface debris cover, which is a critical factor for the glacier and lake evolution. However, in the most recent period, since 2012, a distinct expansion of a glacial lake is quantifiable. Since the rates of glacier surface lowering also considerably increased since approximately 2017 and the glacier retreated since the beginning of the 2000s with a clear maximum length decrease in 2015, we interpret the recently formed glacial lake as a contributory factor of glacial changes.
Experimental Demonstration of Quantum Steering Swapping with Gaussian Entangled States
Authors: Wang Na , Wang Meihong , Tian Caixing , Deng Xiaowei , Su Xiaolong 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAs a key element in quantum repeaters, entanglement swapping establishes entanglement between two independent entangled states. Besides entanglement, quantum steering has been identified as an essential quantum resource and has broad applications in quantum communication. Although entanglement swapping has been realized experimentally, quantum steering swapping still remains a challenge since the condition of quantum steering is stronger than that of entanglement. In this article, quantum steering swapping between a three‐mode and a two‐mode Gaussian entangled state in a lossy channel is demonstrated. By choosing the optimum gain in the classical channel that corresponds to the maximum transmission distance, the one‐way and two‐way steerabilities in a new three‐mode Gaussian state located in distant nodes are achieved. The obtained collective steerability from two users to one user has potential application in quantum secret sharing. The results make a crucial step toward applications of quantum steering in asymmetric quantum information processing.
Improving Mixing by Changing Topology Through Intermeshed Perturbation Rings in A Co‐Rotating Non‐Twin Screw Channel
Authors: Xu Baiping , Liang Ruifeng , Xiao Shuping , Feng Yanhong , Yu Huiwen 
Published: October 2023

AbstractA new kind of perturbation ring element (PRE) is first proposed to introduce a repetitive topology of splitting and recombination across the intermeshing zones of a co‐rotating non‐twin screw elements (NTSE) with a speed ratio of 2. A numerical simulation is performed using finite element method (FEM) along with the mesh superposition technique (MST). Post‐treatment codes are successfully developed where fourth‐order Runge–Kutta scheme is used to achieve particle tracking. For the tracer particle groups released initially from the upper and bottom intermeshing regions, mixing is characterized in terms of the evolution of tracer particles, mixing variance index, and residence time distribution (RTD). The numerical results revealed for a given output, the larger the screw speed, the larger the dividing ratio, and the better distributive mixing is. PRE achieved the best distributive mixing owing to the changing of flow topology. In TSE there are Komogorov‐Arnold‐Moser (KAM) tubes in which the tracer particles are confined to prevent better mixing from occurring.
Rapid changes in age structure, mortality, and escapement accompanied stock recovery of the estuarine Red Drum population of Texas
Authors: Anderson Joel , Fisher Mark , Weixelman Roberta , Beeken Nicolette 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Objective
We analyzed a fishery-independent catch time series in the context of predicted historical age structure of Red Drum Sciaenops ocellatus for the years 1980–2019. This time series roughly coincided with closure of the commercial fishery in Texas (in 1981) and federal waters (in 1987). Changes in size and age were used to estimate changes in mortality and offshore escapement.

Methods
Otoliths collected from Red Drum between 1997 and 2015 in Texas were used to create seasonal length-at-age growth functions, which were then used to estimate ages (based on total length) of all Red Drum encountered in fishery-independent gill-net samples collected by the Texas Parks and Wildlife Department during 1980–2019 (total n = 311,150). Temporal changes in observed body size and overall catch were used to predict annualized changes in mean age, mortality, and offshore escapement of the estuarine population.

Result
The initial 14-year period (1980–1993) was characterized by rapid increases in mean catch per hour and mean total length (mm) in fishery-independent samples, followed by relative stability for the remainder of the time series. There was a 55% increase in estimated mean age of Red Drum when comparing 1980 (mean age = 0.84 year) to 2019 (1.30 years). There were also rapid and significant declines in total mortality (Z; estimated via catch curves) and increases in offshore escapement (estimated indirectly from mortality) in the initial recovery period.

Conclusion
The current estuarine population of Red Drum in Texas is significantly larger and older than it was at the onset of fishery management measures, and offshore escapement is annually well above the current target level of 30% set by the federal fisheries management plan. These findings suggest that regulations put into effect starting in the 1980s have succeeded in recovering the estuarine Red Drum population in Texas.
Low‐loss all‐solid antiresonant fiber for flat‐top beam generation
Authors: Lu Guangwei , Liu Shuang , Chen Mengmeng , Zhang Zuxing 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWe report a novel kind of antiresonant fiber for flat‐top beam generation with all‐solid configuration. The fiber core introduces a square antiresonance structure with low‐high‐low refractive index distribution, achieving homogenization of the beam profile through its light guidance on the optical field. Attributed to the antiresonant structure, the all‐solid antiresonant fiber transmits the flat‐top beam with very low confinement loss and large mode area. And it generates and transmits flat‐top beam with low loss in wavelength range from 1200 nm to 2200 nm. This would open up the application of antiresonance fiber in beam shaping.
An overview of multiomics: a powerful tool applied in cancer molecular subtyping for cancer therapy
Authors: Zou Yazhu , Zhao Zitong , Song Yongmei 
Published: October 2023

AbstractDuring the process of carcinogenesis and tumor progression, various molecular alternations occur in different omics levels. In recent years, multiomics approaches including genomics, epigenetics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, single‐cell omics, and spatial omics have been applied in mapping diverse omics profiles of cancers. The development of high‐throughput technologies such as sequencing and mass spectrometry has revealed different omics levels of tumor cells or tissues separately. While focusing on a single omics level results in a lack of accuracy, joining multiple omics approaches together undoubtedly benefits accurate molecular subtyping and precision medicine for cancer patients. With the deepening of tumor research in recent years, taking pathological classification as the only criterion of diagnosis and predicting prognosis and treatment response is found to be not accurate enough. Therefore, identifying precise molecular subtypes by exploring the molecular alternations during tumor occurrence and development is of vital importance. The review provides an overview of the advanced technologies and recent progress in multiomics applied in cancer molecular subtyping and detailedly explains the application of multiomics in identifying cancer driver genes and metastasis‐related genes, exploring tumor microenvironment, and selecting liquid biopsy biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets.
Factors influencing work engagement among male nurses: A structural equation model
Authors: Wu Chao , Cheng Si‐zhe , Wu Jing , Zhang Yin‐juan , Lin Ya‐wei , Li Lu , Du Juan , Zhang Yu‐hai , Lang Hong‐juan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAimTo investigate the male nurses' engagement in nursing work and the influencing factors.DesignA cross‐sectional study.MethodsA cross‐sectional survey was conducted in 13 hospitals in China to collect data from 328 male nurses from August to October 2021. A structural equation model design was tested with validated measurement instruments.ResultsThe work engagement of male nurses in China was at a medium level. There was a high correlation of the male nurses' work engagement with career identity (r = 0.764, p < 0.01), career success (r = 0.735, p < 0.01) and social support (r = 0.477, p < 0.01). The linear multivariate regression analysis showed that career satisfaction (β = 0.393), career identity (β = 0.392) and subjective support (β = 0.116) entered regression equation of male nurses' work engagement (all p < 0.05). The structural equation model results showed that career identity and social support were the influencing factors of the male nurses' work engagement and the model explained variation of 66.4% variables.ConclusionTo know the male nurses' work engagement and influencing factors in China has certain enlightening significance for male nurses themselves and nursing manager. On the one hand, it is necessary to enhance the male nurses' career recognition to nursing work. On the other hand, the society should provide more aid and support to the male nurses. Therefore, the male nurses could devote more into nursing work and promote the nursing development.
Structure–function relationships in ShKT domain peptides: ShKT‐Ts1 from the sea anemone Telmatactis stephensoni
Authors: Sanches Karoline , Ashwood Lauren M. , Olushola‐Siedoks Abisola Ave‐Maria , Wai Dorothy C. C. , Rahman Arfatur , Shakeel Kashmala , Naseem Muhammad Umair , Panyi Gyorgy , Prentis Peter J. , Norton Raymond S. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractDiverse structural scaffolds have been described in peptides from sea anemones, with the ShKT domain being a common scaffold first identified in ShK toxin from Stichodactyla helianthus. ShK is a potent blocker of voltage‐gated potassium channels (KV1.x), and an analog, ShK‐186 (dalazatide), has completed Phase 1 clinical trials in plaque psoriasis. The ShKT domain has been found in numerous other species, but only a tiny fraction of ShKT domains has been characterized functionally. Despite adopting the canonical ShK fold, some ShKT peptides from sea anemones inhibit KV1.x, while others do not. Mutagenesis studies have shown that a Lys–Tyr (KY) dyad plays a key role in KV1.x blockade, although a cationic residue followed by a hydrophobic residue may also suffice. Nevertheless, ShKT peptides displaying an ShK‐like fold and containing a KY dyad do not necessarily block potassium channels, so additional criteria are needed to determine whether new ShKT peptides might show activity against potassium channels. In this study, we used a combination of NMR and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to assess the potential activity of a new ShKT peptide. We determined the structure of ShKT‐Ts1, from the sea anemone Telmatactis stephensoni, examined its tissue localization, and investigated its activity against a range of ion channels. As ShKT‐Ts1 showed no activity against KV1.x channels, we used MD simulations to investigate whether solvent exposure of the dyad residues may be informative in rationalizing and potentially predicting the ability of ShKT peptides to block KV1.x channels. We show that either a buried dyad that does not become exposed during MD simulations, or a partially exposed dyad that becomes buried during MD simulations, correlates with weak or absent activity against KV1.x channels. Therefore, structure determination coupled with MD simulations, may be used to predict whether new sequences belonging to the ShKT family may act as potassium channel blockers.