bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Springhares, flying and flightless scaly‐tailed squirrels (Anomaluromorpha, Rodentia) are the squirrely mouse: comparative anatomy of the masticatory musculature and its implications on the evolution of hystricomorphy in rodents
Authors: Da Cunha Léa , Fabre Pierre‐Henri , Hautier Lionel 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAnomaluromorpha is a particularly puzzling suborder of Rodentia. Endemic to Africa, this clade includes the extant genera Idiurus, Anomalurus, Zenkerella, and Pedetes. These rodents present an hystricomorphous condition of the skull, characterized by a large infraorbital foramen, which evolved independently within the mouse‐related clade over a span of approximately 57 million years. They exhibit a high disparity in craniomandibular and dental morphology that has kept their phylogenetic affinities disputed for a long time. Given the past significance of masticatory morphotypes in establishing the classification of Rodentia, we propose to explore variations in the masticatory apparatus of Anomaluromorpha in order to evaluate whether its related features can offer additional data for systematics and contribute to our understanding of the complexity of hystricomorphy. In order to do so, we used traditional dissection and diffusible iodine‐based contrast‐enhanced computed tomography (diceCT) to accurately describe and compare the anatomy of the specimens. We found that the muscle morphology displays clear differentiation among each anomaluromorph taxonomic unit. Specifically, the masseteric complex of Anomaluromorpha exhibits distinctive synapomorphies such as the infraorbital part of the zygomaticomandibularis muscle being separated into a rostral and orbital part and an absence of a posterior part of the zygomaticomandibularis. Additionally, the orbital portion of the infraorbital part originates from a well‐marked ridge and fossa at the level of its area of origin on the anteromedial wall of the orbital cavity, a feature that is absent in other members of the mouse‐related clade. This evident bony feature, among others, is strongly associated with muscular anatomy and can contribute to ascertaining the taxonomic status of extinct representatives of the clade. Finally, we showed that the hystricomorphy of Anomaluromorpha largely differs from those of Ctenohystrica and Dipodoidea and that the definition of this morphotype is complex and cannot be reduced simply to the size of the opening of the infraorbital foramen.
The role of fractional laser‐assisted drug delivery in enhancing the efficacy of topical bimatoprost solution in the treatment of alopecia areata: An intra‐patient comparative randomized clinical trial
Authors: Meymandi Simin Shamsi , Safari Alireza , Meymandi Manzumeh Shamsi , Aflatoonian Mahin 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundTransepidermal drug delivery is a novel therapeutic technique to boost efficacy of topical drugs.AimIn this clinical trial we evaluate the efficacy of the combination of fractional carbon dioxide (FCO2) laser and bimatoprost solution compared to bimatoprost alone in the treatment of alopecia areata.MethodsThis is a prospective intra‐patient comparative randomized clinical trial on 20 patients with alopecia areata. In each participant two patches were chosen to randomly receive either topical 0.03% bimatoprost solution (twice a day for 12 weeks) alone or in combination with FCO2 laser (every 2 weeks for 12 weeks). Then response to treatment was evaluated by the measurement of the severity of alopecia tool score system (SALT) score, percentage of hair regrowth, physician assessment and patients' satisfaction.ResultsSALT score was reduced significantly during treatment sessions and after a 3‐month follow‐up in both treatment groups (p = 0.000). The mean percentage of improvement in SALT score in the combination therapy and monotherapy groups were 46.43 ± 4.35% and 21.16 ± 4.06% at the end of the study and 46.42 ± 5.75% and16.11 ± 3.10% at the end of the follow‐up period, respectively (p = 0.000). A general linear model of two‐way analysis demonstrated a significantly superior outcome in the combination therapy group compared to the monotherapy group during time (F1.6, 13.2 = 43.8. p = 0.000).ConclusionFractional ablative laser can be considered as an assistant method for enhancing of efficacy of topical drugs especially in refractory cases of patchy alopecia areata.
Promoting sustainable and high‐quality economic development in China via regional innovation poles
Authors: Zheng Yu , Collins Alan , Yao Shujie 
Published: February 2024

AbstractUsing a panel data set comprising 284 prefecture‐level and above cities in China during 2005–2018, this study develops a theoretical mechanism harnessing the spatial Durbin model (SDM) to accumulate evidence and explain how innovation affects China's economic growth. It is found that regional economic growth is facilitated by local innovation activities as well as the absorption capacity of innovation and technology spilled over from other regions. This study also identifies 12 regional innovation poles across the country, which are found to have played a significant role in promoting urban economic development within a physical distance range of 150 km of a given region. This finding attests to the radiation effect from regional innovation poles in cultivating more such poles for China, to promote sustainable high‐quality economic growth, suggesting a route for China to avoid the curse of the middle‐income trap.
Frugivory by carnivores: Black‐backed jackals are key dispersers of seeds of the scented !nara melon in the Namib Desert
Authors: Shikesho S. D. , Midgley J. J. , Marais E. , Johnson S. D. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractCarnivorous mammals have been reported to feed on fleshy fruits and disperse seeds, but these interactions are seldom observed and are poorly understood in hyper‐arid regions. Scent may play a key role in these interactions, given that most carnivores have sensitive olfactory systems and dichromatic vision. The !nara (Acanthosicyos horridus: Cucurbitaceae) in the Namib Desert produces large (10–20 cm diameter) melons that remain green while undergoing increased volatile emissions with a changing chemical profile as they ripen. Using extensive camera trapping, we found that the fruits are consumed mainly by black‐backed jackals (Canis mesomelas) and rarely also by other carnivores such as cape fox (Vulpes chama) and brown hyaena (Hyaena brunnea). We found that scent cues play a crucial role as jackals mainly sought fruits at night and easily located ripe fruits that were experimentally buried beneath the sand to remove visual cues. Seeds retrieved from jackal scat showed improved germination relative to un‐ingested seeds. This study highlights the importance of fruit scent in mediating seed dispersal mutualisms involving carnivores.
The effects of minimum wages on (almost) everything? A review of recent evidence on health and related behaviors
Authors: Neumark David 
Published: February 2024

AbstractI review and assess the evidence on minimum wage effects on health outcomes and health‐related behaviors. The evidence on physical health points in conflicting directions, leaning toward adverse effects. Research on effects on diet and obesity sometimes points to beneficial effects, whereas other evidence indicates that higher minimum wages increase smoking and drinking and reduce exercise (and possibly hygiene). In contrast, there is evidence that higher minimum wages reduce suicides, partly consistent with the evidence of positive or mixed effects on other measures of mental health/depression. Overall, policy conclusions that minimum wages improve health are unwarranted or at least premature.
The psychopathology of metaphysics: Depersonalization and the problem of reality
Authors: Billon Alexandre 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAccording to a common philosophical intuition, the deep nature of things is hidden from us, and the world as we know it through perception and science is, just like a dream, shadows, or a computer simulation, somehow shallow and lacking in reality. This “intuition of unreality” clashes with a strong, but perhaps more naive, intuition to the effect that the world as we know it seems perfectly real. Shadows, dreams, or informational structures appear too unreal to be identical to the world as we know it! This clash between the two intuitions forms the basis of the “problem of reality.” In the late nineteenth century psychiatrists encountered patients they referred to as “metaphysician doubters” who constantly questioned the reality of the world. This essay draws on studies of these patients in order to reject, and indeed diagnose, the intuition of unreality and recent metaphysical doctrines drawing on it, such as structuralism, digitalism, and virtual realism.
Aquinas on Prayer in the Eternal Trinity
Authors: Higgins Michael Joseph 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAccording to Hans Urs von Balthasar and Adrienne von Speyr, the divine Persons eternally pray to each other. According to Thomas Aquinas, they do not. Thomas allows for ways in which the divine Persons worship, glorify, contemplate, and give thanks to each other. Yet he defines prayer as petition, and he teaches that the divine Persons cannot petition each other—which means that They cannot pray to each other. For Thomas, however, Christ's prayer reveals His eternal sonship, and certain terms in which Thomas casts divine sonship recall those in which he casts prayer. Thomas, therefore, can open up certain avenues towards the conclusion that the petitionary prayer, which is limited to creatures, resembles and is rooted in the Son's eternal sonship.
Mutation of OsCDS5 confers broad‐spectrum disease resistance in rice
Authors: Sun Qiping , Xiao Yongxin , Song Le , Yang Lei , Wang Yin , Yang Wei , Yang Qun , Xie Kabin , Yuan Meng , Li Guotian 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPhospholipids are important components of biological membranes, participating in various biological processes, including plant development and responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. A previous study showed that mutation of the rice OsCDS5 (CDP‐DAG Synthase) gene alters lipid metabolism, causing enhanced abiotic stress responses, yellowing of leaves at the seedling stage and delayed plant development. Here, we observed that the Oscds5 mutant shows enhanced resistance to rice blast, bacterial blight and bacterial leaf streak. Mutation of OsCDS5 promotes production of reactive oxygen species and increases the expression level of multiple defence‐related genes. Transcriptomic analyses indicate that genes involved in responses to stress, biotic/abiotic stimuli and metabolic processes are highly upregulated and enriched in mutant Oscds5. Metabolomic analyses showed that differential metabolites were enriched in the lipid metabolic and tryptophan metabolic pathways. The decreased level of phosphatidylinositol and increased level of serotonin probably contribute to enhanced disease resistance of the Oscds5 mutant. Taken together, mutation of OsCDS5 enhances abiotic and biotic stress responses, and OsCDS5 may be a promising target for genetic engineering to enhance the resilience of rice to abiotic and biotic stresses simultaneously.
Resilience's role in clinical belongingness and presenteeism of new nurses: A moderated mediation model
Authors: Zhang Yuchen , Shen Min , Huang Hao 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis study explored the mediating effect of resilience on clinical belongingness and presenteeism of new nurses. A total of 271 new nurses completed the Connor‐Davidson Resilience Scale, Belongingness Scale‐Clinical Placement Experience, and Stanford Presenteeism Scale. It was found that resilience correlated positively with clinical belongingness, while presenteeism was negatively correlated with resilience and clinical belongingness. The mediating effect of resilience on clinical belongingness and implicit absence accounted for 42% of the total effect value. Hence, new nurses' resilience plays an intermediary role between clinical belongingness and presenteeism. Nursing managers can develop interventions to reduce the sense of clinical absence by improving the resilience of new nurses.
Automatic adjustment of oxygen concentration during high‐flow nasal cannula treatment using a targeted SpO2 feedback system
Authors: Seo Woo Jung , Kim Eun Young , Seo Ga Jin , Suh Hee Jung , Huh Jin Won , Hong Sang‐Bum , Koh Younsuck , Lim Chae‐Man 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundPatients with respiratory disease often need oxygen supplements through a High‐flow nasal cannula (HFNC), both hypoxia and hyperoxia can be harmful. Proper oxygen therapy requires careful monitoring of oxygen levels and adjustments to oxygen levels. A new automated system called Targeted SpO2 Feedback (TSF) improved the oxygen delivery system compared to manual adjustments. [Correction added on 25 October 2024, after first online publication: Background subsection in Abstract has been added on this version.]AimTo test whether targeted SpO2 feedback (TSF), an automatic control system for fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2), achieves more time in the optimal SpO2 range and/or reduces the frequency of manual adjustments to administered FiO2 compared with conventional manual titration in patients with hypoxia on high‐flow nasal cannula (HFNC) therapy.Study DesignTwenty‐two patients were recruited from two hospitals. For each, two sessions of manual mode and two sessions of TSF were applied in a random order, each session lasting 2 h. The target SpO2 on TSF was 95%. Oxygen monitoring levels were classified into four SpO2 ranges: hypoxia (≤ 89%), borderline (90%–93%), optimal (94%–96%) and hyperoxia (≥ 97%). The two modes were compared based on the proportion of time spent in each SpO2 range and the number of manual FiO2 adjustments.ResultsThe proportion of time in the optimal SpO2 range was 20.5% under manual titration mode and 65.4% under TSF (p < .01). The proportions of time in the hypoxia range were 1.1% and 0.4%, respectively (p = .31), in the borderline range 4.7% and 3.5%, respectively (p = .54), and in the hyperoxia range 73.7% and 30.7%, respectively (p < .01). There were statistical differences only in the optimal and hyperoxia SpO2 ranges. During the 8 h, the frequency of manual FiO2 adjustment was 0.7 times for the manual mode and 0.2 times for TSF, showing no statistically significant difference (p = 0.076).ConclusionCompared with manual titration, TSF achieved greater time of the optimal SpO2 and less time of hyperoxia during HFNC. The frequency of manual adjustments on TSF tended to be less than on manual titration mode.Relevance to Clinical PracticeAutomatic closed‐loop algorithm FiO2 monitoring systems can achieve better oxygen treatments than conventional monitoring and may reduce nurse workloads. In the era of pandemic respiratory diseases, this system can also facilitate contactless SpO2 monitoring during HFNC therapy.
Nurses' experiences of using a computer‐based triage decision support system in the emergency department
Authors: Bişkin Çetin Songül , Cebeci Fatma 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundEmergency department triage is a vital and complex decision‐making process. There is limited knowledge about nurses' experiences with triage decision support systems in emergency departments.AimThis study was conducted to examine nurses' experiences with a computer‐based triage decision support system in the emergency department.Study DesignThis is a qualitative and phenomenological study. Data were collected through interviews from 14 triage nurses who used a triage decision support system in the emergency department of a university hospital. The nurses were recruited for semi‐structured interviews. All interviews were recorded on a voice recorder and then transcribed. Data were analysed with the inductive content analysis method. The interviewer asked comprehensive questions about the nurses' experiences with the triage decision support system.ResultsThree main and 11 sub‐themes were elicited as a result of the analysis of the in‐depth interviews: (a) the facilitating the triage decision theme, which included help in case of a dilemma, team collaboration, monitoring/supervision, and error reduction sub‐themes; (b) the contribution to professionalism theme, which included ease of learning and teaching triage, professional autonomy, creating a database, and evidence‐based practice sub‐themes; (c) the areas that need improvement theme, which included reducing screen clicks, the effect of the hospital automation system performance, and clinical descriptors not included in the algorithm sub‐themes.ConclusionTriage nurses stated that the decision support system was beneficial and facilitated decision‐making. The decision support system enabled triage nurses to make their own decisions using their clinical knowledge and experience, without a restriction on their professional autonomy, and this was perceived positively. It was emphasized that this system could be a support tool in educating nurses new to triage. However, nurses stated that the pace of the decision support system was affected by the performance of the hospital automation system and that the large number of steps used for electing items caused a waste of time. They also added that these were technical areas that needed improvement.Relevance to Clinical PracticeThe study provides important data that will help healthcare organizations and professionals better understand the emergency department nurse triage decision support system and gain a versatile, comprehensive, and general understanding.
The association between vitamin‐D deficiency and fecal incontinence
Authors: Neshatian Leila , Grant Gabrielle , Fernandez‐Becker Nielsen , Yuan Ye , Garcia Patricia , Becker Laren , Gurland Brooke , Triadafilopoulos George 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundVitamin‐D is essential for musculoskeletal health. We aimed to determine whether patients with fecal incontinence (FI): (1) are more likely to have vitamin‐D deficiency and, (2) have higher rates of comorbid medical conditions.MethodsWe examined 18‐ to 90‐year‐old subjects who had 25‐hydroxy vitamin‐D levels, and no vitamin‐D supplementation within 3 months of testing, in a large, single‐institutional electronic health records dataset, between 2017 and 2022. Cox proportional hazards survival analysis was used to assess association of vitamin‐D deficiency on FI.Key ResultsOf 100,111 unique individuals tested for serum 25‐hydroxy vitamin‐D, 1205 (1.2%) had an established diagnosis of FI. Most patients with FI were female (75.9% vs. 68.7%, p = 0.0255), Caucasian (66.3% vs. 52%, p = 0.0001), and older (64.2 vs. 53.8, p < 0.0001). Smoking (6.56% vs. 2.64%, p = 0.0001) and GI comorbidities, including constipation (44.9% vs. 9.17%, p = 0.0001), irritable bowel syndrome (20.91% vs. 3.72%, p = 0.0001), and diarrhea (28.55% vs. 5.2%, p = 0.0001) were more common among FI patients. Charlson Comorbidity Index score was significantly higher in patients with FI (5.5 vs. 2.7, p < 0.0001). Significantly higher proportions of patients with FI had vitamin‐D deficiency (7.14% vs. 4.45%, p < 0.0001). Moreover, after propensity‐score matching, rate of new FI diagnosis was higher in patients with vitamin‐D deficiency; HR 1.9 (95% CI [1.14–3.15]), p = 0.0131.Conclusion & InferencesPatients with FI had higher rates of vitamin‐D deficiency along with increased overall morbidity. Future research is needed to determine whether increased rate of FI in patients with vitamin‐D deficiency is related to frailty associated with increased medical morbidities.
Italian position paper (SIPMO‐SICMF) on medication‐related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ)
Authors: Bedogni Alberto , Mauceri Rodolfo , Fusco Vittorio , Bertoldo Francesco , Bettini Giordana , Di Fede Olga , Lo Casto Antonio , Marchetti Claudio , Panzarella Vera , Saia Giorgia , Vescovi Paolo , Campisi Giuseppina 
Published: February 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis paper aims to describe the 2023 update position paper on MRONJ developed by the Italian Societies of Oral Pathology and Medicine (SIPMO) and of Maxillofacial Surgery (SICMF).MethodsThis is the second update following the 2013 and 2020 Italian position papers by the Expert panel, which is a representation of the two scientific societies (SIPMO and SICMF).The paper is based on an extensive analysis of the available literature from January 2003 to February 2020, and the subsequent review of literature conducted between March 2020 and December 2022 to include all new relevant published papers to confirm or modify the previous set of recommendations.ResultsThis position paper highlights the main issues of MRONJ on risk estimates, disease definition, diagnostic pathway, individual risk assessment, and the fundamental role of imaging in the diagnosis, classification, and management of MRONJ.ConclusionThe Expert Panel confirmed the MRONJ definition, the diagnostic work‐up, the clinical‐radiological staging system and the prophylactic drug holiday, as recognized by SIPMO‐SICMF; while, it presented novel indications regarding the categories at risk of MRONJ, the prevention strategies, and the treatment strategies associated with the therapeutic drug holiday.
Porphyromonas gingivalis GroEL exacerbates orthotopic allograft transplantation vasculopathy via impairment of endothelial cell function
Authors: Tsai Chien‐Sung , Huang Chun‐Yao , Tsai Yi‐Ting , Shih Chun‐Ming , Lai Ze‐Hao , Liu Chen‐Wei , Lin Yi‐Wen , Lin Feng‐Yen 
Published: February 2024

AbstractOrthotopic allograft transplantation (OAT) is a significant approach to addressing organ failure. However, persistent immune responses to the allograft affect chronic rejection, which induces OAT vasculopathy (OATV) and organ failure. Porphyromonas gingivalis can infiltrate remote organs via the bloodstream, thereby intensifying the severity of cardiovascular, respiratory, and neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. GroEL, a virulence factor of P. gingivalis promotes pro‐inflammatory cytokine production in host cells, which assumes to play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. Although the aggravation of OATV is attributable to numerous factors, the role of GroEL remains ambiguous. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the impact of GroEL on OATV. Aortic grafts extracted from PVG/Seac rats were transplanted into ACI/NKyo rats and in vitro human endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) and coronary artery endothelial cell (HCAEC) models. The experimental findings revealed that GroEL exacerbates OATV in ACI/NKyo rats by affecting EPC and smooth muscle progenitor cell (SMPC) function and enabling the anomalous accumulation of collagen. In vitro, GroEL spurs endothelial‐mesenchymal transition in EPCs, reduces HCAEC tube formation and barrier function by downregulating junction proteins, accelerates HCAEC aging by lowering mitochondrial membrane potential and respiratory function, and impedes HCAEC migration by modulating cytoskeleton‐associated molecules. This study suggests that P. gingivalis GroEL could potentially augment OATV by impacting vascular progenitor and endothelial cell functions.