bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Generalizable process monitoring for FFF 3D printing with machine vision
Authors: Werkle Kim Torben , Trage Caroline , Wolf Jan , Möhring Hans-Christian 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAdditive manufacturing has experienced a surge in popularity in both commercial and private sectors over the past decade due to the growing demand for affordable and highly customized products, which are often in direct opposition to the requirements of traditional subtractive manufacturing. Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) has emerged as the most widely-used additive manufacturing technology, despite challenges associated with achieving contour accuracy. To address this issue, the authors have developed a novel camera-based process monitoring method that enables the detection of errors in the printing process through a layer-by-layer comparison of the actual contour and the target contour obtained via G-Code processing. This method is generalizable and can be applied to different printer models with minimal hardware adjustments using off-the-shelf components. The authors have demonstrated the effectiveness of this method in automatically detecting both coarse and small contour deviations in 3D-printed parts.
Recent developments in using digital technology in mathematics education
Authors: Engelbrecht Johann , Borba Marcelo C. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn this paper we review selected significant developments in the use of digital technology in the teaching and learning of mathematics over the last five years. We focus on a number of important topics in this field, including the evolvement of STEAM and critical making as well as the process of redefining learning spaces in the transformation of the mathematics classroom. We also address the increasing use of computer algebra systems and dynamic geometry packages; and the issue of student collaboration online, especially using learning environments and social media. We briefly touch on artificial intelligence systems, including hyper-personalisation of learning, multimodality and videos. We include a brief discussion on the impact of COVID-19 on mathematics education, and lastly on the more theoretical perspective of the epistemology of digital technology and the construct of humans-with-media. We conclude the discussion with some possible concerns and mentioning some possible new topics for research in the field.
Immune Priming with Spatially Fractionated Radiation Therapy
Authors: Lukas Lauren , Zhang Hualin , Cheng Karen , Epstein Alan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Purpose of Review
This review aims to summarize the current preclinical and clinical evidence of nontargeted immune effects of spatially fractionated radiation therapy (SFRT). We then highlight strategies to augment the immunomodulatory potential of SFRT in combination with immunotherapy (IT).

Recent Findings
The response of cancer to IT is limited by primary and acquired immune resistance, and strategies are needed to prime the immune system to increase the efficacy of IT. Radiation therapy can induce immunologic effects and can potentially be used to synergize the effects of IT, although the optimal combination of radiation and IT is largely unknown. SFRT is a novel radiation technique that limits ablative doses to tumor subvolumes, and this highly heterogeneous dose deposition may increase the immune-rich infiltrate within the targeted tumor with enhanced antigen presentation and activated T cells in nonirradiated tumors.

Summary
The understanding of nontargeted effects of SFRT can contribute to future translational strategies to combine SFRT and IT. Integration of SFRT and IT is an innovative approach to address immune resistance to IT with the overall goal of improving the therapeutic ratio of radiation therapy and increasing the efficacy of IT.
The endocrine disruptor cadmium modulates the androgen–estrogen receptors ratio and induces inflammatory cytokines in luminal (A) cell models of breast cancer
Authors: Bimonte Viviana M. , Catanzaro Giuseppina , Po Agnese , Trocchianesi Sofia , Besharat Zein Mersini , Spinello Zaira , Curreli Mariaignazia , Fabi Alessandra , Bei Roberto , Milella Michele , Vacca Alessandra , Ferretti Elisabetta , Migliaccio Silvia 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Breast cancer (BC) is the most common malignancy that affects women, and it is, to date, their leading cause of death. Luminal A molecular subtype accounts for 40% of BC and is characterized by hormone receptors positive/human epidermal growth factor 2 expression and current treatment consists of surgery plus aromatase inhibitor therapy. Interestingly, several studies demonstrated that the heavy metal cadmium (Cd), classified as a group 1 human carcinogen and widely spread in the environment, exerts estrogen-like activities in several tissues and suggested an intriguing relationship between increased Cd exposure and BC incidence. Thus, aim of this study was to evaluate effects of Cd on Luminal A BC estrogen receptor (ER) positive/progesterone receptor positive cell models in vitro to characterize the mechanism(s) involved in breast cell homeostasis disruption.

Methods
T47D and MCF7 were exposed to Cd (0.5–1 µM) for 6–24 h to evaluate potential alterations in: cells viability, steroid receptors and intracellular signaling by western blot. Moreover, we evaluated the expression of inflammatory cytokines interleukin by RT-PCR.

Results
Our results showed a significant induction of androgen receptor (AR) and an increased AR/ER ratio. Further, Cd exposure increased pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)6, IL8 and tumor necrosis factor α levels. Finally, as previously demonstrated by our group, Cd alters pathways such as mitogen-activated protein kinase family and protein kinase B.

Conclusion
In conclusion, our study demonstrates that Cd modifies the expression and pattern of ERs and AR in BC cell lines, suggesting an alteration of BC cells homeostasis, likely predisposing to a carcinogenetic microenvironment.
Organised Crime and the ecosystems of sexual exploitation in the United Kingdom: How supply and demand generate sexual exploitation and protection from prosecution
Authors: Hopkins Matt , Keighley Rachel , Sanders Teela 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThinking about organised crime as an ecosystem is not only novel but also offers much potential to add to the theoretical and policy-based literature in this area. While organised crime is often analysed as relationships between criminal groups and consumers of illicit goods/services, little work has analysed specific forms of organised crime activities as ecosystems where different constituent parts are dependent upon each other for the crime activity to occur. This paper analyses the organisation of sexual exploitation by entrepreneurial organised crime groups selling sex in the United Kingdom. Based upon 30 interviews with 23 law enforcement forces in England and Wales and five interviews with Adult Service Website Operators; it identifies how an ecosystem is built that ensures (a) profit generation and (b) avoidance of legal prosecution. Our analysis not only illustrates how a market ‘supply’ and ‘demand’ ecosystem is generated through mutually convenient ‘organiser’, ‘marketer’ and ‘buyer’ relationships, but also how the roles of these actors ensure sexual exploitation continues.
Development and Application of Isotope Labelled Internal Standards in a Sum Parameter Method for Ergot Alkaloid Screening of Food
Authors: Kuner Maximilian , Lisec Jan , Picher Marie-Idrissa , Rigo Massimo , Konetzki Jörg , Haase Hajo , Koch Matthias 
Published: November 2023

AbstractErgot alkaloids are a group of toxic compounds, formed by fungi on infested grasses. In 2022, the European Commission set into effect maximum levels for the sum of the twelve major ergot alkaloids in multiple foods. To facilitate the laborious and costly individual quantification of the twelve major ergot alkaloids by HPLC–MS/MS or -FLD, we recently reported a sum parameter method (SPM) for ergot alkaloid quantification. Here, derivatization to lysergic acid hydrazide—a derivative of the mutual ergoline backbone in all ergot alkaloids—allowed simplified determination of all ergot alkaloids in flour via HPLC-FLD. For the measurement of more complex matrices like processed foods, we now developed a MS/MS-based SPM. Two internal standards (IS), isotopically labelled at different positions of the molecule, were synthesized and employed in the MS/MS-measurements. Method performance using either the 13CD3-labelled or the 15N2-labelled IS was evaluated on naturally contaminated rye and wheat flour samples as well as on processed food matrices. Employing the 13CD3-labelled IS leads to lower variances and better consistency with the reference data (obtained by the FLD-based SPM) in flour samples compared to the 15N2-labelled IS. The novel method significantly improves the measurement of ergot alkaloids in complex food matrices, due to their increased selectivity and thus lower interferences. Furthermore, the application of isotope labelled IS obviates the need for time-consuming steps like the determination of recovery rate based, matrix specific correction factors as described in the MS/MS-based European standard method for ergot alkaloid quantification (EN 17425).
MFG-E8 Alleviates Cognitive Impairments Induced by Chronic Cerebral Hypoperfusion by Phagocytosing Myelin Debris and Promoting Remyelination
Authors: Dong Xiaohong , Zhang Zhi , Shu Xin , Zhuang Zi , Liu Pinyi , Liu Renyuan , Xia Shengnan , Bao Xinyu , Xu Yun , Chen Yan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractChronic cerebral hypoperfusion is one of the pathophysiological mechanisms contributing to cognitive decline by causing white matter injury. Microglia phagocytosing myelin debris in a timely manner can promote remyelination and contribute to the repair of white matter. However, milk fat globule-epidermal growth factor-factor 8 (MFG-E8), a microglial phagocytosis-related protein, has not been well studied in hypoperfusion-related cognitive dysfunction. We found that the expression of MFG-E8 was significantly decreased in the brain of mice after bilateral carotid artery stenosis (BCAS). MFG-E8 knockout mice demonstrated more severe BCAS-induced cognitive impairments in the behavioral tests. In addition, we discovered that the deletion of MFG-E8 aggravated white matter damage and the destruction of myelin microstructure through fluorescent staining and electron microscopy. Meanwhile, MFG-E8 overexpression by AAV improved white matter injury and increased the number of mature oligodendrocytes after BCAS. Moreover, in vitro and in vivo experiments showed that MFG-E8 could enhance the phagocytic function of microglia via the αVβ3/αVβ5/Rac1 pathway and IGF-1 production to promote the differentiation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells into mature oligodendrocytes. Interestingly, we found that MFG-E8 was mainly derived from astrocytes, not microglia. Our findings suggest that MFG-E8 is a potential therapeutic target for cognitive impairments following cerebral hypoperfusion.
Seasonal variations of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in drinking water and health risk assessment via Monte Carlo simulation and Sobol sensitivity analysis in southern Iran's largest city
Authors: Mohammadpour Amin , Rajabi Saeed , Bell Michelle , Baghapour Mohammad Ali , Aliyeva Aynura , Mousavi Khaneghah Amin 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe escalating concern over the presence and health implications of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in drinking water has underscored the need for rigorous risk assessments. Our study aimed to quantify both the non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic health risks associated with exposure to selected PTEs—namely arsenic (As), chromium (Cr), and cadmium (Cd). Also, we evaluated ingestion and skin contact exposures to risks during summer and winter using metrics such as the hazard quotient (HQ), hazard index (HI), and cancer risk (CR) for children, adult males, and adult females. For all demographic groups and exposure pathways, the HQ values remain below the established safety threshold (HQ < 1). Notably, As consistently had the highest average HI value across children, male adults, and female adults. Seasonal variations were statistically significant (p < 0.05) for As and Cr, but not Cd. During the summer, the average total carcinogenic risks (TCR) from drinking water exposure were 7.61 × 10–6, 8.94 × 10–6, and 1.12 × 10–5 for children, male adults, and female adults, respectively. In the winter, these values were 1.18 × 10–5, 1.40 × 10–5, and 1.75 × 10–5, respectively. The fuzzy C-means clustering analysis provided insights into our dataset's Cr, Cd, and As distribution patterns. Results indicate that As, Cr, and Cd mean concentrations were below the World Health Organization health-based guidelines. The CR values for children and adults from drinking water exposure were slightly above or below the US Environmental Protection Agency’s standards. These findings can inform research and policy-making regarding the risk of PTEs in drinking water and highlight the need to monitor Shiraz water regularly.
Utilizing of aquifer hydraulic parameters to assess the groundwater sustainability in the new reclamation area of Moghra Oasis: Western Desert—Egypt
Authors: El Osta Maged , Masoud Milad , Alqarawy Abdulaziz , Badran Osman 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe sustainability of groundwater aquifers requires evaluating several parameters, the most important of which are hydraulic parameters. Therefore, the essential aim of this research is to develop a management plan for the Moghra aquifer in order to prevent the expanding of water level decline and degradation of groundwater quality due to overexploitation and scarcity of recharge. To achieve this goal, all aquifer hydraulic parameters such as transmissivity, hydraulic conductivity, radius of interference, specific capacity, resulted drawdown, well loss, formation loss, well efficiency, and optimum safe yield had been measured for 40 groundwater wells drilled in the new reclaimed areas of Moghra Oasis. Based on geographic information system (GIS), hydrogeological cross sections and thematic maps for all parameters were created such as aquifer thickness, water table, groundwater flow direction, drawdown and groundwater salinity maps. The results revealed that clay and shale beds separated the three water-bearing formations of the Moghra aquifer. The aquifer-saturated thickness ranged from 30 and 102 m, and the groundwater level was below the mean sea level for all wells (ranges from − 72 to − 26.6 m). The calculated hydraulic parameters based on the analysis of long-duration pumping tests indicated that the studied aquifer has a wide variety of transmissivity (T) between 631 and 3768 m2/day, hydraulic conductivity (K) between 13.4 and 104.6 m/day, radius of influence from 126.3 to 581.3 m and specific capacity between 377.14 and 883.72 m2/day. On the other hand, the evaluation of existing drilled wells performance based on the results of step tests showed that well loss coefficient ranges between 0.0004749 and 0.0676 (h2/m5), formation loss coefficient varies from 3.34 × 10–8 to 4.80 × 10–6 (h/m2), well efficiency (γ) ranged from 50.53 to 98.08%, and optimum safe yield ranged from 40 to 98 (m3/h). Results of aquifer mapping and pumping tests can be more important for solving water scarcity issues, non-polluting water issues, health issues, and source of fresh water on the surface of the earth. The characterization of aquifer parameters in the study area, however, should be a significant component in the scientific planning and sustainability of groundwater.
The discharge coefficient of SMBF flumes under free and submerged conditions
Authors: Parsaie Abbas , Dehdar-Behbahani Sadegh , Devi G. Sree Lakshmi , Haghiabi AmirHamzeh , Afaridegan Ehsan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn this study, the discharge coefficients (Cd) of SMBF flumes under free and submerged flow conditions were analytically investigated. The dimensionless parameters involved in the discharge coefficient, derived from the dimensional analysis, are the contraction ratio [rcrn = ratio of flume width (w) to channel width (B)], relative head (hw: the ratio of the upstream head (h) to the $$w$$
w
) and, in the case of submerged flow, also the submergence ratio [$$S_{{\text{r}}} = h_{{\text{t}}} /h_{{\text{u}}}$$

S
r

=

h
t

/

h
u

: downstream flow depth ($$h_{{\text{t}}}$$

h
t

) to upstream flow depth (hu)]. Cd decreases logarithmically from 1.2 to 0.75 in the range of $$h_{w}$$

h
w

between 0.4 and 1.8. The submerged condition does not reduce the $$C_{{\text{d}}}$$

C
d

, but it reduces the discharge capacity (up to 50%), so that in some cases, to pass a given flow discharge, $$h_{{\text{u}}}$$

h
u

should increase by about 100% compared to the free condition.
Bio-inspired altitude changing extension to the 3DVFH* local obstacle avoidance algorithm
Authors: Thomessen Karolin , Thoma Andreas , Braun Carsten 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObstacle avoidance is critical for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) operating autonomously. Obstacle avoidance algorithms either rely on global environment data or local sensor data. Local path planners react to unforeseen objects and plan purely on local sensor information. Similarly, animals need to find feasible paths based on local information about their surroundings. Therefore, their behavior is a valuable source of inspiration for path planning. Bumblebees tend to fly vertically over far-away obstacles and horizontally around close ones, implying two zones for different flight strategies depending on the distance to obstacles. This work enhances the local path planner 3DVFH* with this bio-inspired strategy. The algorithm alters the goal-driven function of the 3DVFH* to climb-preferring if obstacles are far away. Prior experiments with bumblebees led to two definitions of flight zone limits depending on the distance to obstacles, leading to two algorithm variants. Both variants reduce the probability of not reaching the goal of a 3DVFH* implementation in Matlab/Simulink. The best variant, 3DVFH*b-b, reduces this probability from 70.7 to 18.6% in city-like worlds using a strong vertical evasion strategy. Energy consumption is higher, and flight paths are longer compared to the algorithm version with pronounced horizontal evasion tendency. A parameter study analyzes the effect of different weighting factors in the cost function. The best parameter combination shows a failure probability of 6.9% in city-like worlds and reduces energy consumption by 28%. Our findings demonstrate the potential of bio-inspired approaches for improving the performance of local path planning algorithms for UAV.
Incomplete Data and Potential Risks of Drugs in People with Obesity
Authors: Apovian Caroline M. , Bruno Christopher D. , Kyle Theodore K. , Chow Christina R. , Greenblatt David J. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Purpose of Review
To provide examples of knowledge gaps in current pharmaceutical treatments for people with obesity and call for changes to regulatory and pharmaceutical clinical research requirements during the drug discovery and development process.

Recent Findings
Treatment of obesity and its comorbidities often require the use of prescription drugs, many of which have not been fully evaluated in people with obesity. Despite a growing body of research on this topic, the impact of obesity on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of drugs is often under-studied by drug sponsors and regulators, and subsequently underappreciated by clinicians and caretakers. There are currently multiple opportunities for pharmaceuticals to include dosing information specifically for patients with obesity in order to ensure safety and efficacy of drugs in this population. Additionally, there are serious gaps between what is known about the effects of obesity on drug disposition and the current use of drugs according to drug prescribing information and clinical practice.

Summary
There is currently no requirement to test drugs in people with obesity during the drug approval process, even when preliminary data suggests there may be altered kinetics in this population. The lack of information on the safe and effective use of drugs in people with obesity may be contributing to poorer health outcomes in this population.
Psychostimulant Augmentation of Antidepressant Therapy in Depression: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Janela Duarte , Jerónimo Joana , Rema João , Telles-Correia Diogo , Novais Filipa 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Purpose of Review
To evaluate the effectiveness of psychostimulant augmentation of antidepressants in the treatment of depression in adults.

Recent Findings
In our analysis of 13 RCTs involving 2478 participants, psychostimulant augmentation demonstrated a statistically significant reduction in depressive symptom severity compared to placebo augmentation (N = 1827; SMD =  − 0.18; 95% CI (− 0.36, − 0.01); p = 0.04, I2 = 65%). However, we did not observe a significant increase in remission rates (N = 1709; OR = 1.30; 95% CI (0.97, 1.75); p = 0.08, I2 = 32%).

Summary
Depression, a pressing global health issue, is typically treated with antidepressant monotherapy, offering limited relief. Our study introduces a potential breakthrough: psychostimulant augmentation of antidepressants, which significantly alleviates depressive symptoms. Nevertheless, larger high-quality trials evaluating a wider range of drugs are necessary to further explore and strengthen our findings.
Human Stem Cells for Ophthalmology: Recent Advances in Diagnostic Image Analysis and Computational Modelling
Authors: Wadkin L. E. , Makarenko I. , Parker N. G. , Shukurov A. , Figueiredo F. C. , Lako M. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPurpose of ReviewTo explore the advances and future research directions in image analysis and computational modelling of human stem cells (hSCs) for ophthalmological applications.Recent FindingshSCs hold great potential in ocular regenerative medicine due to their application in cell-based therapies and in disease modelling and drug discovery using state-of-the-art 2D and 3D organoid models. However, a deeper characterisation of their complex, multi-scale properties is required to optimise their translation to clinical practice. Image analysis combined with computational modelling is a powerful tool to explore mechanisms of hSC behaviour and aid clinical diagnosis and therapy.SummaryMany computational models draw on a variety of techniques, often blending continuum and discrete approaches, and have been used to describe cell differentiation and self-organisation. Machine learning tools are having a significant impact in model development and improving image classification processes for clinical diagnosis and treatment and will be the focus of much future research.