bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Continuous detrimental activity of intra-articular fibrous scar tissue in correlation with posttraumatic ankle osteoarthritis
Authors: Tran Nhat Tien , Jeon Sang-Hyeon , Moon Young Jae , Lee Kwang-Bok 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPosttraumatic osteoarthritis is primarily characterized by articular cartilage destruction secondary to trauma or fracture events. Even while intra-articular scar tissue can be observed following ankle fractures, little is known about its nature and molecular events linking its biological activity and cartilage deterioration. Here, we investigated scar tissue's histological and molecular characteristics, and its relationship with localized articular cartilage alterations consistent with early osteoarthritic degeneration. Intra-articular scar tissues from sixty-two patients who underwent open reduction internal fixation for ankle fracture were obtained at hardware removal time (6–44 months after fracture). Histological analysis demonstrated that scar tissue has the nature of fibrosis with fibrous tissue hyperplasia, fibroblast proliferation, and chondrometaplasia. These fibrous scar tissues showed overexpressed pro-inflammatory cytokines and high mRNA expression levels of osteoarthritis-related markers (cytokines, chemokines, and enzymes) compared to the normal synovium. Furthermore, those transcriptional levels were significantly correlated with the grade of talar chondral degeneration. Our findings suggest that following an ankle fracture, the intra-articular fibrous scar tissue exhibits high catabolic and inflammatory activity, which has a long-lasting negative impact correlated to cartilage deterioration in the development of posttraumatic osteoarthritis.
FuXi: a cascade machine learning forecasting system for 15-day global weather forecast
Authors: Chen Lei , Zhong Xiaohui , Zhang Feng , Cheng Yuan , Xu Yinghui , Qi Yuan , Li Hao 
Published: November 2023

AbstractOver the past few years, the rapid development of machine learning (ML) models for weather forecasting has led to state-of-the-art ML models that have superior performance compared to the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF)’s high-resolution forecast (HRES), which is widely considered as the world’s best physics-based weather forecasting system. Specifically, ML models have outperformed HRES in 10-day forecasts with a spatial resolution of 0.25∘. However, the challenge remains in mitigating the accumulation of forecast errors for longer effective forecasts, such as achieving comparable performance to the ECMWF ensemble in 15-day forecasts. Despite various efforts to reduce accumulation errors, such as implementing autoregressive multi-time step loss, relying on a single model has been found to be insufficient for achieving optimal performance in both short and long lead times. Therefore, we present FuXi, a cascaded ML weather forecasting system that provides 15-day global forecasts at a temporal resolution of 6 hours and a spatial resolution of 0.25∘. FuXi is developed using 39 years of the ECMWF ERA5 reanalysis dataset. The performance evaluation demonstrates that FuXi has forecast performance comparable to ECMWF ensemble mean (EM) in 15-day forecasts. FuXi surpasses the skillful forecast lead time achieved by ECMWF HRES by extending the lead time for Z500 from 9.25 to 10.5 days and for T2M from 10 to 14.5 days. Moreover, the FuXi ensemble is created by perturbing initial conditions and model parameters, enabling it to provide forecast uncertainty and demonstrating promising results when compared to the ECMWF ensemble.
Living within the safe and just Earth system boundaries for blue water
Authors: Stewart-Koster Ben , Bunn Stuart E. , Green Pamela , Ndehedehe Christopher , Andersen Lauren S. , Armstrong McKay David I. , Bai Xuemei , DeClerck Fabrice , Ebi Kristie L. , Gordon Christopher , Gupta Joyeeta , Hasan Syezlin , Jacobson Lisa , Lade Steven J. , Liverman Diana , Loriani Sina , Mohamed Awaz , Nakicenovic Nebojsa , Obura David , Qin Dahe , Rammelt Crelis , Rocha Juan C. , Rockström Johan , Verburg Peter H. , Zimm Caroline 
Published: November 2023

AbstractSafe and just Earth system boundaries (ESBs) for surface water and groundwater (blue water) have been defined for sustainable water management in the Anthropocene. Here we assessed whether minimum human needs could be met with surface water from within individual river basins alone and, where this is not possible, quantified how much groundwater would be required. Approximately 2.6 billion people live in river basins where groundwater is needed because they are already outside the surface water ESB or have insufficient surface water to meet human needs and the ESB. Approximately 1.4 billion people live in river basins where demand-side transformations would be required as they either exceed the surface water ESB or face a decline in groundwater recharge and cannot meet minimum needs within the ESB. A further 1.5 billion people live in river basins outside the ESB, with insufficient surface water to meet minimum needs, requiring both supply- and demand-side transformations. These results highlight the challenges and opportunities of meeting even basic human access needs to water and protecting aquatic ecosystems.
Pan-cancer landscape of epigenetic factor expression predicts tumor outcome
Authors: Cheng Michael W. , Mitra Mithun , Coller Hilary A. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractOncogenic pathways that drive cancer progression reflect both genetic changes and epigenetic regulation. Here we stratified primary tumors from each of 24 TCGA adult cancer types based on the gene expression patterns of epigenetic factors (epifactors). The tumors for five cancer types (ACC, KIRC, LGG, LIHC, and LUAD) separated into two robust clusters that were better than grade or epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in predicting clinical outcomes. The majority of epifactors that drove the clustering were also individually prognostic. A pan-cancer machine learning model deploying epifactor expression data for these five cancer types successfully separated the patients into poor and better outcome groups. Single-cell analysis of adult and pediatric tumors revealed that expression patterns associated with poor or worse outcomes were present in individual cells within tumors. Our study provides an epigenetic map of cancer types and lays a foundation for discovering pan-cancer targetable epifactors.
Interdisciplinary development of an overall process concept from glucose to 4,5-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolane via 2,3-butanediol
Authors: Graf von Westarp William , Wiesenthal Jan , Spöring Jan-Dirk , Mengers Hendrik G. , Kasterke Marvin , Koß Hans-Jürgen , Blank Lars M. , Rother Dörte , Klankermayer Jürgen , Jupke Andreas 
Published: November 2023

AbstractTo reduce carbon dioxide emissions, carbon-neutral fuels have recently gained renewed attention. Here we show the development and evaluation of process routes for the production of such a fuel, the cyclic acetal 4,5-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolane, from glucose via 2,3-butanediol. The selected process routes are based on the sequential use of microbes, enzymes and chemo-catalysts in order to exploit the full potential of the different catalyst systems through a tailor-made combination. The catalysts (microbes, enzymes, chemo-catalysts) and the reaction medium selected for each conversion step are key factors in the development of the respective production methods. The production of the intermediate 2,3-butanediol by combined microbial and enzyme catalysis is compared to the conventional microbial route from glucose in terms of specific energy demand and overall yield, with the conventional route remaining more efficient. In order to be competitive with current 2,3-butanediol production, the key performance indicator, enzyme stability to high aldehyde concentrations, needs to be increased. The target value for the enzyme stability is an acetaldehyde concentration of 600 mM, which is higher than the current maximum concentration (200 mM) by a factor of three.
Unearthing the mechanisms of responsive neurostimulation for epilepsy
Authors: Rao Vikram R. , Rolston John D. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractResponsive neurostimulation (RNS) is an effective therapy for people with drug-resistant focal epilepsy. In clinical trials, RNS therapy results in a meaningful reduction in median seizure frequency, but the response is highly variable across individuals, with many receiving minimal or no benefit. Understanding why this variability occurs will help improve use of RNS therapy. Here we advocate for a reexamination of the assumptions made about how RNS reduces seizures. This is now possible due to large patient cohorts having used this device, some long-term. Two foundational assumptions have been that the device’s intracranial leads should target the seizure focus/foci directly, and that stimulation should be triggered only in response to detected epileptiform activity. Recent studies have called into question both hypotheses. Here, we discuss these exciting new studies and suggest future approaches to patient selection, lead placement, and device programming that could improve clinical outcomes.
Electrical Stimulation of Vocal Fold Adduction Triggered by Laryngeal Electromyography Using a Custom Implant
Authors: Heaton James T. , Kobler James B. , Otten David M. , Tynan Monica A. , Petrillo Robert H. , Ottensmeyer Mark P. , Slate Andrea R. , Hillman Robert E. , Zeitels Steven M. 
Published: November 2023

Purpose:
Medialization procedures for unilateral vocal fold (VF) paralysis generally improve voice but do not fully replace dynamic VF adduction. Paralyzed VFs typically experience synkinetic reinnervation, which makes it feasible to elicit movement through electrical stimulation. We tested a novel laryngeal pacing implant capable of providing closed-loop (automatic) stimulation of a VF triggered by electromyography (EMG) potentials from the contralateral VF.

Method:
A custom, battery-powered, microprocessor-based stimulator was tested in eight dogs with bipolar electrodes implanted for recording EMG from the left VF and stimulating adduction of the right VF. A cuff electrode on the left recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) stimulated unilateral VF adduction, modeling voluntary control in anesthetized animals. Closed-loop stimulation was tested in both acute and chronic experiments. Synkinetic reinnervation was created in two animals by right RLN transection and suture repair to model unilateral VF paralysis.

Results:
In all animals, left VF activation through RLN stimulation generated a robust EMG response that rapidly triggered stimulation of contralateral thyroarytenoid and lateral cricoarytenoid muscles, causing nearly simultaneous bilateral adduction. Optimal triggering of VF stimulation from elicited EMG was achieved using independent onset and offset thresholds. Real-time artifact blanking allowed closed-loop stimulation without self-perpetuating feedback, despite the proximity of recording and stimulation electrodes.

Conclusions:
Using a custom implant system, we demonstrated real-time closed-loop stimulation of one VF triggered by the activation of the contralateral VF. This approach could potentially restore dynamic glottic closure for reflexive behaviors or phonation in cases of unilateral VF paralysis with synkinetic reinnervation.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.24492133
High-resolution ALMA observations of compact discs in the wide-binary system Sz 65 and Sz 66
Authors: Miley J. M. , Carpenter J. , Booth R. , Jennings J. , Haworth T. J. , Vioque M. , Andrews S. , Wilner D. , Benisty M. , Huang J. , Perez L. , Guzman V. , Ricci L. , Isella A. 
Published: November 2023

Context. Substructures in disc density are ubiquitous in the bright extended discs that are observed with high resolution. These substructures are intimately linked to the physical mechanisms driving planet formation and disc evolution. Surveys of star-forming regions find that most discs are in fact compact, less luminous, and do not exhibit these same substructures. It remains unclear whether compact discs also have similar substructures or if they are featureless. This suggests that different planet formation and disc evolution mechanisms operate in these discs.
Aims. We investigated evidence of substructure within two compact discs around the stars Sz 65 and Sz 66 using high angular resolution observations with ALMA at 1.3 mm. The two stars form a wide-binary system with 6″.36 separation. The continuum observations achieve a synthesised beam size of 0″.026 × 0″.018, equivalent to about 4.0 × 2.8 au, enabling a search for substructure on these spatial scales and a characterisation of the gas and dust disc sizes with high precision.
Methods. We analysed the data in the image plane through an analysis of reconstructed images, as well as in the uv plane by non-parametrically modelling the visibilities and by an analysis of the 12CO (2–1) emission line. Comparisons were made with highresolution observations of compact discs and radially extended discs.
Results. We find evidence of substructure in the dust distribution of Sz 65, namely a shallow gap centred at ≈20 au, with an emission ring exterior to it at the outer edge of the disc. Ninety percent of the measured continuum flux is found within 27 au, and the distance for 12CO is 161 au. The observations show that Sz 66 is very compact: 90% of the flux is contained within 16 au, and 90% of the molecular gas flux lies within 64 au.
Conclusions. While the overall prevalence and diversity of substructure in compact discs relative to larger discs is yet to be determined, we find evidence that substructures can exist in compact discs.
Polarization analysis of the VLTI and GRAVITY
Authors:   GRAVITY Collaboration, Widmann F. , Haubois X. , Schuhler N. , Pfuhl O. , Eisenhauer F. , Gillessen S. , Aimar N. , Amorim A. , Bauböck M. , Berger J. B. , Bonnet H. , Bourdarot G. , Brandner W. , Clénet Y. , Davies R. , de Zeeuw P. T. , Dexter J. , Drescher A. , Eckart A. , Feuchtgruber H. , Schreiber N. M. Förster , Garcia P. , Gendron E. , Genzel R. , Hartl M. , Haußmann F. , Heißel G. , Henning T. , Hippler S. , Horrobin M. , Jiménez-Rosales A. , Jocou L. , Kaufer A. , Kervella P. , Lacour S. , Lapeyrère V. , Le Bouquin J.-B. , Léna P. , Lutz D. , Mang F. , More N. , Nowak M. , Ott T. , Paumard T. , Perraut K. , Perrin G. , Rabien S. , Ribeiro D. , Bordoni M. Sadun , Scheithauer S. , Shangguan J. , Shimizu T. , Stadler J. , Straub O. , Straubmeier C. , Sturm E. , Tacconi L. J. , Vincent F. , von Fellenberg S. D. , Wieprecht E. , Wiezorrek E. , Woillez J. 
Published: November 2023

Aims.The goal of this work is to characterize the polarization effects of the beam path of the Very Large Telescope Interferometer (VLTI) and the GRAVITY beam combiner instrument. This is useful for two reasons: to calibrate polarimetric observations with GRAVITY for instrumental effects and to understand the systematic error introduced to the astrometry due to birefringence when observing targets with a significant intrinsic polarization.Methods.By combining a model of the VLTI light path and its mirrors and dedicated experimental data, we constructed a full polarization model of the VLTI Unit Telescopes (UTs) and the GRAVITY instrument. We first characterized all telescopes together to construct a universal UT calibration model for polarized targets with the VLTI. We then expanded the model to include the differential birefringence between the UTs. With this, we were able to constrain the systematic errors and the contrast loss for highly polarized targets.Results.Along with this paper, we have published a standalone Python package that can be used to calibrate the instrumental effects on polarimetric observations. This enables the community to use GRAVITY with the UTs to observe targets in a polarimetric observing mode. We demonstrate the calibration model with the Galactic Center star IRS 16C. For this source, we were able to constrain the polarization degree to within 0.4% and the polarization angle to within 5° while being consistent with the literature values. Furthermore, we show that there is no significant contrast loss, even if the science and fringe-tracker targets have significantly different polarization, and we determine that the phase error in such an observation is smaller than 1°, corresponding to an astrometric error of 10 µas.Conclusions.With this work, we enable the use by the community of the polarimetric mode with GRAVITY/UTs and outline the steps necessary to observe and calibrate polarized targets with GRAVITY. We demonstrate that it is possible to measure the intrinsic polarization of astrophysical sources with high precision and that polarization effects do not limit astrometric observations of polarized targets.
Transkutane (externe) Dakryozystorhinostomie mit Rekonstruktion des Ductus nasolacrimalis
Authors: Heichel Jens , Dettmer Wiebke , Paulsen Friedrich , Ali Mohammad Javed , Schmidt-Pokrzywniak Andrea , Viestenz Arne , Hammer Thomas , Struck Hans-Gert 
Published: November 2023

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Die Dakryozystorhinostomie (DZR) gilt als der Goldstandard für die Behandlung der chronischen Dakryozystitis (CDZ). Verschiedene Modifikationen der Operationstechnik
haben sich über viele Jahre ergeben.
Methoden Es handelt sich um eine retrospektive Beobachtungsstudie. Eingeschlossen wurden Patienten, die bei CDZ infolge postsakkaler TNW-Stenose (TNW: ableitende Tränenwege) eine DZR
erhielten. Die Operationsmodifikationen beinhalteten eine DZR mit TNW-Intubation zur Osteotomie (Gruppe 1) und eine DZR mit Eröffnung des Ductus nasolacrimalis (DNL) und TNW-Intubation nach
Ritleng (Gruppe 2). Als Erfolgskriterien wurden die Abwesenheit einer permanenten Epiphora, das Sistieren von Entzündungszeichen (funktioneller Erfolg) sowie das Ausbleiben einer
Rezidivoperation bei vorhandener Spülbarkeit definiert (anatomischer Erfolg). Dies wurde durch eine Fragebogenerhebung überprüft. Das postoperative Follow-up musste > 12 Monate betragen.
Der Einfluss von Geschlecht, Tränensackektasie, Dakryolithen und Voroperationen an den TNW wurde analysiert.
Ergebnisse Es wurden 248 TNW in die Studie eingeschlossen. In Gruppe 1 betrug das mittlere Patientenalter 68 Jahre (Spanne: 22 – 92 Jahre) bei einem Geschlechterverhältnis von
3,2 : 1 (w : m). In dieser Gruppe konnten 68 TNW nachbeobachtet werden. Das mittlere Patientenalter in Gruppe 2 lag bei 63 Jahren (Spanne: 24 – 89 Jahre) mit einer Geschlechterverteilung von
2,9 : 1 (w : m). Eine Nachbeobachtung war in dieser Gruppe bei 62 TNW möglich. Es zeigte sich ein vollkommener Operationserfolg (alle Kriterien betreffend) von 75% in Gruppe 1 und 75,8% in
Gruppe 2. Eine permanente Epiphora lag in Gruppe 1 bei 3,8% und in Gruppe 2 bei 2,9% der TNW vor. Eine Rezidivoperation wurde in Gruppe 1 bei 5,9% (n = 4) und in Gruppe 2 bei 1,6% (n = 1)
erforderlich (p = 0,368). Geschlecht (Gruppe 1: p = 1; Gruppe 2: p = 0,115; Gruppenvergleich: p = 0,511), Tränensackektasie (Gruppe 1: p = 0,877; Gruppe 2: p = 0,674; Gruppenvergleich:
p = 0,878), Dakryolithen (Gruppe 1: p = 1; Gruppe 2: p = 0,465; Gruppenvergleich: p = 1) und Voroperationen an den TNW (Gruppe 1 p = 0,092; Gruppe 2 p = 0,051; Gruppenvergleich p = 0,520)
stellten innerhalb der Gruppen und im Gruppenvergleich keine signifikanten Einflussfaktoren da. In der Gruppe 2 ließen sich signifikant häufiger Dakryolithen nachweisen (p = 0,010).
Schlussfolgerung Die Rekonstruktion des DNL im Rahmen einer DZR ist eine zusätzliche Modifikation, die ein tendenziell besseres Operationsergebnis hinsichtlich der Behandlung einer
CDZ ermöglicht. Intraoperativ kann Dakryolithenmaterial in den tieferen Anteilen der TNW klinisch inapparent vorliegen weshalb eine Inspektion dieser Abschnitte erfolgen sollte.
Clinical Value and Operational Risks of MRI in ICU patients – A Retrospective Analysis Performed at a University Medical Center
Authors: Pawlik Michael T. , Dendl Lena M. , Achajew Lom-Ali , Zeman Florian , Blecha Sebastian , Jung Michael , Schleder Stephan , Schreyer Andreas G. 
Published: November 2023

Purpose Intensive care unit (ICU) patients have a high risk of developing complications when leaving the ICU for diagnostic procedures or therapeutic interventions. Our study examined the frequency of adverse events associated with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of intensive care patients and the extent of changes in therapy due to the MRI scan to weigh the risks associated with the scan against the potential benefits of an MR scan, using a change in therapy as an indicator of benefit.
Materials and Methods 4434 ICU patients (January to December 2015) were identified by Hospital Information System (SAP-R/3 IS-H, Walldorf, Germany), ICU patient data management system Metavision (iMDsoft, Israel), and Radiology Information System (Nexus.medRIS, Version 8.42, Nexus, Germany). All intensive care and medical records (HIS) and MRI reports (RIS) were matched and further evaluated in a retrospective case-to-case analysis for biometric data, mechanical ventilation, ICU requirements, planned postoperative vs. emergency diagnostic requirements, complications and impact on further diagnosis or therapy.
Results Out of 4434 ICU patients, 322 ICU patients (7.3 %) underwent a total of 385 MRI examinations. 167 patients needed a total of 215 emergency scans, while 155 patients underwent 170 planned postoperative MRI exams. 158 (94.6 %) out of 167 emergency scan patients were ventilated under continuous intravenous medication and monitoring. In the planned postoperative group, only 6 (3.9 %) out of 155 were ventilated, but a total of 38 (24.5 %) were under continuous medication. 111 patients were accompanied by nurses only during MRI. Only one severe adverse event (0.3 %) was noted and was attributed to study preparation (n = 385). In 8 MRI examinations (2.1 %), the examination was interrupted or cancelled due to the patients’ condition. While all MRI examinations in the planned group were completed (n = 170, 100 %) (e. g., postoperative controls), only 207 out of 215 (96.3 %) could be performed for emergency diagnostic reasons. MRI influenced the clinical course with a change in diagnosis or therapy in 74 (19.2 %) of all 385 MRI examinations performed, and in the emergency diagnostic group it was 31.2 % (n = 67/215).
Conclusion Nearly 20 % of MRI examinations of ICU patients resulted in a change of therapy. With only one potentially life-threatening adverse event (0.3 %) during transport and the MRI examination, the risk seems to be outweighed by the diagnostic benefit.
Key Points
Recent Developments in the Detection of Zn2+ Ions Using Schiff Base Probes
Authors: Singh Bholey , Pani Balaram , Kumar Ram , Pandey Shwetank Shashi 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn the past few decades, zinc has attracted great attention from the scientific community due to its supreme importance in living organisms. Zinc is a trace element that is vitally important to all living organisms and it plays an important role in the immune system, wound healing, growth, and division. Therefore, the development and advancement of simple, efficient, selective, and inexpensive chemosensors for the determination of Zn2+ is a paramount prerequisite. Chemosensors have unique properties that are used for the specific and selective determination of several metal ions. This review summarizes the Schiff base chemosensors designed and synthesized by several research groups from the year 2018. The interaction of these probes with zinc metal ions has also been discussed briefly in this review. Furthermore, the comparison of detection limits of these probes demonstrated that the Schiff base probe possessing two benzothiazole moieties exhibits the lowest detection limit (0.00028 μM), indicating it to be the lead compound in the determination of Zn2+ ions in the near future.