bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular ordering of 4O.2 compound in a dielectric medium at room temperature‐A theoretical approach
Authors: Ojha D. P. , Pisipati V. G. K. M. 
Published: February 2004

AbstractThe molecular ordering of N‐(4‐n‐butoxybenzylidene)‐4′‐ethyaniline [4O.2] in a dielectric medium (benzene) has been carried out on the basis of statistical mechanics and intermolecular forces. The atomic net charge and atomic dipole moment at each atomic centre has been evaluated using the CNDO/2 method. The modified Rayleigh‐Schrodinger perturbation theory with multicentered‐multipole expansion method has been employed to evaluate the long‐range intermolecular interactions, while ‘6‐exp’ potential function has been assumed for the short‐range interactions. The total interaction energy values obtained through these computations were used to calculate the probability of each configuration in a dielectric medium at room temperature (300K) using the MB‐formula. The flexibility of various interacting configuration has been studied in terms of variation of probability due to departure from the most probable configuration. A comparative picture of the molecular parameters like total energy, binding energy and total dipole moment has been given. An attempt has been made to analyse the characteristic features of nematogenic 4O.2 compound in terms of its relative order. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Structure and conformation of n‐ (t‐butoxycarbonyl)‐l‐valine‐l‐phenylalanine‐methyl ester (Boc‐Val‐Phe‐OMe)
Authors: Nallini A. , Saraboji K. , Ponnuswamy M. N. , Katti S. B. 
Published: February 2004

AbstractThe crystal structure of N‐ (t‐butoxycarbonyl) ‐ L‐valine‐L‐phenylalanine‐methyl ester (Boc‐Val‐Phe‐OMe), C20H30N2O5 was determined by X‐ray diffraction methods. The dipeptide crystallizes in orthorhombic space group P212121, with cell parameters a = 5.0680(1) Å, b = 13.8650(1) Å and c = 28.2630(1) Å, V = 2143.8(5) Å3, F.W. = 378.46, Z = 4, Dcalc = 1.173 Mg/m3, μ = 0.687 mm‐1, F000 = 816, CuKα = 1.5418 Å. The structure was solved by direct methods and final R1 and wR2 are 0.0659 and 0.1654, respectively. The peptide unit is in trans conformation [ω = 177.4(9)°]. The conformation angles ϕ1, ψ1, ϕ2 and ψ2 for the peptide backbone are: ‐96.5(13)°, 101.2(13)°, ‐123.9(12)° and 34.0(15)°. The N‐H…O and C‐H…O hydrogen bondings influence the packing of the molecules in the dipeptide crystal. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Structure and conformation of a nickel complex: {2‐Hydroxo‐3‐piperidine‐1‐yl‐methyl‐N,N′(bis‐5‐bromobenzylpropylenediimine)nickel(II)perchlorate}
Authors: Malathy Sony S. M. , Saraboji K. , Ponnuswamy M. N. , Manonmani J. , Kandasamy M. , Fun H.‐K. 
Published: February 2004

AbstractThe title compound, a nickel complex [C23H26N3O2Br2Ni.(ClO4)] (CCDC 199520) crystallizes in triclinic space group P$ \bar 1 $ with the cell parameters a = 10.2560(4), b = 10.8231(4), c = 12.0888(5)Å, α = 99.404(1), β = 99.780(1), γ = 92.252(1)° and V = 1301.49(9)Å3. The structure was solved by Patterson method and refined by full‐matrix least‐squares procedures to a final R = 0.0497 using 6287 observed reflections. In the complex, the piperidine ring takes chair conformation and the geometry around the Ni ion is slightly distorted square planar. The dihedral angle between the planes [N‐Ni‐N and O‐Ni‐O] is 9.4(1)°. The chelate ring containing both the nitrogen atoms adopts twisted boat conformation. The molecules in the crystal are stabilized by N‐H…O and C‐H…O types of hydrogen bonds in addition to a C‐H…π interaction. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Electrochemical Parameters of Phenoxazine Derivatives in Solution and at Monolayer‐Modified Gold Electrodes
Authors: Kulys J. , Krikstopaitis K. , Scheller F. W. , Wollenberger U. 
Published: February 2004

AbstractElectrochemical properties of β‐(10‐phenoxazinyl) propylamine (APPX) and β‐(10‐phenoxazinyl) propionic acid (PPX) have been studied in solution, and in immobilized state on gold electrodes modified with monolayers of cystamine and mercaptoundecanoic acid. A reversible diffusion‐controlled process of APPX and PPX was observed at a bare gold electrode. The electrochemical conversion of both compounds at modified gold electrodes was a quasi‐reversible diffusion‐controlled process. The redox potential of immobilized APPX (443 mV) was similar to the potential in solution, while the value of the immobilized PPX was 131 mV higher than in solution. The immobilized mediators were electrocatalytically active in the fungal peroxidase‐catalyzed hydrogen peroxide reduction.
Method for Determination of the Kinetic Parameters in Electrolytes Containing Surface‐Active Substances, Accounting for the Influence of Electrode Potential on the Changes of the Free Electrode Surface
Authors: Lazarov Veselin , Stoychev Dimitar 
Published: February 2004

AbstractBased on the generally accepted concept of the influence exerted by the value of the electrode potential on the degree of coverage of the electrode surface with molecules of the adsorbed surface‐active substance (SAS), an equation has been derived in the present paper which meets the requirement of consistency in stability of the electrode surface and allows for calculating the kinetic parameters of an irreversible electrochemical process, such as they would have been if the value of the electrode potential did not influence the size of the free (uncoated) electrode surface. The method is based on the substantial difference between the rates of charging of the double electric layer and of establishing adsorption equilibrium on the electrode surface. In the general case of adsorption of organic molecules this difference is about 4 orders of magnitude, which gives grounds for the assumption that within the short time from the start of the galvanostatic pulse till the onset of a Faraday process the electrode surface remains unchanged, i.e., such as it has been at the equilibrium potential. The method is illustrated by processing of the experimental data for two SAS widely used in the industrial practice, which yield a sufficiently long transition time (τ>5 s) and at the same time change more or less the overpotential of the electrochemical process. The electric charge of the electrode changes its sign at that, which is an indication of the applicability of the method in the potential regions in which SAS are desorbed as well.
A Novel MCFC Cathode Material Modified by the EPD Technique
Authors: Chen L.J. , Zuo J. , Lin C.‐J. 
Published: February 2004

AbstractThe early deformation of the cathode material has been confirmed to be a significant factor in shortening the cell life. Thus, a new kind of cathode with both lower solubility and lighter deformation is highly desirable. In this work, a novel composite material, LiCoO2‐Ni, was prepared by the electrophoretic deposition (EPD) technique, which, remarkably, is able to reduce the deformation and dissolution of cathode materials simultaneously. It was demonstrated to be very promising for the MCFC industry.
Life Cycle Assessment of a Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell Stack
Authors: Lunghi P. , Bove R. 
Published: February 2004

AbstractFuel cells are considered to be ultra‐clean energy conversion systems because the pollutants emitted during their operating time are very low in concentration. For this reason, fuel cells can represent the answer to several environmental issues. What is important, however, is to carefully evaluate if the problem is really being solved, or just shifted. In other words, it is vital to consider not only the operating life, but also the pollution related to the construction, the disposal, the conversion of primary fuel into hydrogen and all the other related operations and systems.The present study is the first step for evaluating the environmental impact related to the whole life cycle of a fuel cell system. In this paper, in fact, the authors, making use of the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) approach, analyze the impact associated with a Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell Stack.Since the MCFC construction can be considered a novel practice, this study can provide a significant indication for pollution reduction in the stack construction phase.
Lack of mutation of the folliculin gene in sporadic chromophobe renal cell carcinoma and renal oncocytoma
Authors: Nagy Anett , Zoubakov Dmitri , Stupar Zorica , Kovacs Gyula 
Published: February 2004

AbstractGermline mutation of the folliculin gene (BHD) at chromosome 17p11.2 is associated with the development of multiplex hamartomas of the hair follicles, chromophobe renal cell carcinomas (RCC) and renal oncocytomas (RO). We have analyzed the folliculin gene with sequencing for mutations and the chromosome 17p11.2 with microsatellites for allelic changes in sporadic ROs and chromophobe RCCs. Allelic loss at chromosome 17 was seen in 8 of 8 chromophobe RCCs whereas none of the 8 RO showed alteration at this chromosomal region. Sequencing all exons from genomic DNA failed to disclose mutations of the folliculin gene in any of the tumors. We found a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of G/A (nt 74) at the first exon in the untranslated region of the folliculin gene. We did not find a correlation between the SNP G/A or loss of the G allele and the expression level of either splice variants of the folliculin gene. Our data suggest the folliculin gene does not play a role in the tumorigenesis of sporadic chromophobe RCCs and renal oncocytomas. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Polymorphisms of the interleukin‐1 β gene are associated with increased risk of non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Zienolddiny Shanbeh , Ryberg David , Maggini Valentina , Skaug Vidar , Canzian Federico , Haugen Aage 
Published: February 2004

AbstractLung cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer death worldwide. Tobacco smoking is the main risk factor for lung cancer. Less than 20% of smokers develop lung cancer in their lifetime, however, indicating individual variations in lung cancer risk. Pro‐inflammatory cytokines produced by inflammatory cells have been associated with inflammatory diseases and cancer. The IL1B gene, encoding IL‐1β cytokine, contains several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Two of these are in the promoter region, at positions −511 (C‐T) and −31 (T‐C). These polymorphisms have been associated with increased risk of developing a number of inflammatory diseases and gastric carcinoma. We genotyped the 2 polymorphisms in 251 non‐small cell lung cancer patients from Norway and 272 healthy controls chosen from the general Norwegian population. The T allele at the −31 SNP (p = 0.01) and C allele at −511 SNP (p < 0.01) were over represented in lung cancer cases. The homozygote subjects were particularly at higher risk of lung cancer with odds ratio of 2.39 (95% CI = 1.29–4.44) for −31T/T and 2.51 (95% CI = 1.47–4.58) for −511C/C genotypes. In view of the significance of the p53 gene in lung carcinogenesis, we also analyzed the IL1B genotypes in relation to p53 mutations in the tumors. The results indicated that subjects having homozygote genotypes were more likely to have a mutation in the p53 gene (p = 0.05). This is the first study to provide evidence for an association of 1L1B gene polymorphisms with lung cancer risk. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Perfusion of 99Tcm‐labeled CD105 Mab into kidneys from patients with renal carcinoma suggests that CD105 is a promising vascular target
Authors: Costello Brendan , Li Chenggang , Duff Sarah , Butterworth David , Khan Ali , Perkins Michael , Owens Susan , Al‐Mowallad Abdul Fattah , O'Dwyer Sarah , Kumar Shant 
Published: February 2004

AbstractThere is strong published and unpublished evidence that our CD105 Mab E9, which is highly reactive with angiogenic endothelial cells, could be a useful reagent to target the vasculature of solid tumors in man. Since Mab E9 does not cross‐react with animal tissues, we undertook here to evaluate its localization using human kidney as an ex vivo model. Perfusion was performed through the renal artery of 99Tcm‐labeled purified CD105 Mab in freshly excised kidneys from 7 patients with renal carcinoma. In all 7 cases, immunoscintigraphs showed the presence of well‐defined radioactive hot spots, which matched the positions of the tumors as identified by presurgery MRI scans and subsequent histopathologic examination. Importantly, in one instance, where a presurgery MRI scan had identified only one tumor, immunoscintigraphs showed 2 distinct hot spots of radioactivity. The pathology report confirmed that the additional hot spot corresponded to a small secondary well‐vascularized tumor. The implication of this finding is that the radiolabeled Mab, E9, may be of use in the detection of metastatic disease. That the labeling of tumors was specific was confirmed when prior perfusion of unlabeled mab E9 in 2 kidneys completely blocked the localization of 99Tcm‐conjugated Mab E9. Radioactivity in samples of tumor and normal tissue taken from 7 kidneys was counted in a gamma counter. In all cases, there was a greater uptake of radioactivity in tumors compared with the corresponding normal kidneys. The median values, adjusted per gram wet weight, for 99Tcm were 14.8 times (range, 4.8–113.0) greater in kidney tumors than in normal kidney tissue (p < 0.007). Immunofluorescent staining of cryostat sections of tumor tissues in each of the 7 cases showed strong and uniform localization of Mab E9 in tumor microvessels. Interestingly, chimeric staining of endothelial cells (ECs) was seen in an occasional microvessel segment. That is, while most of the ECs lining a microvessel were strongly stained, an occasional EC was negative. This was not an artifact of staining. Unstained ECs may be nonangiogenic or apoptotic since CD105 is a proliferation/activation‐associated antigen. Further investigations are warranted to establish the pharmacokinetics of 99Tcm‐labeled CD105 antibody in vivo. This would enable us to determine whether an apparently highly successful ex vivo study has the potential for tumor imaging/therapeutic vascular targeting in patients with cancer. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Chromosome 13q12 region critical for the viability and growth of nasopharyngeal carcinoma hybrids
Authors: Cheng Yue , Lung Hong Lok , Wong Po Shan , Hao Da Cheng , Man Chim Shek , Stanbridge Eric John , Lung Maria Li 
Published: February 2004

AbstractAllelic losses of chromosome 13 are often detected in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and other cancers, implicating the presence of possible tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) on this chromosome. To identify candidate regions from larger and multiple lost areas observed from direct tumor studies, the technique of monochromosome transfer was utilized to provide functional evidence to verify and define these deletion findings. An intact chromosome 13 was transferred into the NPC HONE1 cell line. Resultant hybrids were used to map putative TSG activity. A critical region at 13q12 was non‐randomly eliminated in all surviving microcell hybrids around the marker D13S893; these hybrids were uniformly tumorigenic. Although a known TSG, BRCA2, is mapped close to this critical region, no aberrant expression of this gene was detected in microcell hybrids and other NPC cell lines. These results suggest that at least one novel growth control gene on chromosome 13q12, which is not the BRCA2 gene, is essential for hybrid selection and may play a critical role in tumorigenicity. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Testicular cancer and occupational exposure to polyvinyl chloride plastics: A case‐control study
Authors: Hardell Lennart , Malmqvist Nils , Ohlson Carl‐Göran , Westberg Håkan , Eriksson Mikael 
Published: February 2004

AbstractExposure to polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastics as a risk factor for testicular cancer was investigated. In total, 981 cases who were 20–75 years old and had reported to the Swedish Cancer Registry during 1993–1997 were included. One matched control from the population registry was used. Exposure was assessed by a questionnaire that was supplemented over the phone. Furthermore, an occupational hygienist qualified all exposures. In all, 791 matched pairs completed the questionnaire. Overall exposure to PVC plastics gave the odds ratio (OR)=1.35, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.06–1.71, increasing with >10 year latency period to OR=1.45, 95% CI=1.06–1.98. No dose‐response relationships were found but rather an inverse relationship with the highest odds ratios in the lowest exposure category. In conclusion, no clear association with testicular cancer and exposure to PVC could be found in our study in contrast to a previous observation. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cumulative probability of PSA increase above 4.0 NG/ML in population‐based screening for prostate cancer
Authors: Ito Kazuto , Yamamoto Takumi , Ohi Masaru , Takechi Hiroyuki , Kurokawa Kohei , Suzuki Kazuhiro , Yamanaka Hidetoshi 
Published: February 2004

AbstractRoutine screening for prostate cancer remains controversial. However, it is very important to show how the optimal rescreening interval should be set for men who want to be screened after informed consent. To solve this issue, the risk of prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) increase above 4.0 ng/ml relative to baseline PSA levels and age was investigated. Between 1988 and 2000, 7,757 subjects screened twice or more and also with baseline PSA levels of 4.0 ng/ml or lower were enrolled in our study. All serum PSA levels were measured by E‐test Tosoh II PA assay at one center. Interval PSA levels for men undergoing screening with a greater than 1 year interval were calculated on the assumption that PSA levels changed over time in a simple exponential fashion. Then, the cumulative rate of freedom from PSA increase above 4.0 ng/ml was estimated using the Kaplan‐Meier technique stratified by baseline PSA ranges of 0.0 to 1.0, 1.1 to 2.0, 2.1 to 3.0 and 3.1 to 4.0 ng/ml and every 10 years of age ranges. Of the 7,757 subjects, 559 (7.2%) were expected to have had PSA levels increase above 4.0 ng/ml within 5 years after the baseline PSA measurements. The cumulative rate of freedom from the PSA increase above 4.0 ng/ml at 5 years was 98.7%, 92.9%, 70.3% and 38.5% in cases of baseline PSA levels of 1.0 ng/ml or lower, 1.1 to 2.0 ng/ml, 2.1 to 3.0 ng/ml and 3.1 to 4.0 ng/ml, respectively. The cumulative rates of freedom from the PSA increase were significantly decreased with the baseline PSA ranges being higher regardless of age range. Re‐screening interval should be set stratified by baseline PSA levels, regardless of age and race. Rescreening interval should be set at 1, 1 to 2 and 3 to 5 years for men with baseline PSA ranges of 2.1 to 4.0 ng/ml, 1.1 to 2.0 ng/ml and 0.0 to 1.0 ng/ml, respectively, in individual‐based screening. In mass screening system using PSA alone, rescreening interval should be set in the same manner as in individual‐based screening, except for men with baseline PSA levels of 1.1 to 2.0 ng/ml, which should be set at 1 year to avoid developing incurable prostate cancer. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Survival after adjuvant 5‐FU treatment for stage III colon cancer in hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer
Authors: de Vos tot Nederveen Cappel Wouter H. , Meulenbeld Hielke J. , Kleibeuker Jan H. , Nagengast Fokko M. , Menko Fred H. , Griffioen Gerrit , Cats Annemiek , Morreau Hans , Gelderblom Hans , Vasen Hans F.A. 
Published: February 2004

AbstractIn vitro studies suggest that a deficient mismatch repair (MMR) system reduces 5‐Fluorouracil cytotoxicity. Colon cancer (CC) in hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) is due to a dysfunctioning MMR gene that leads to microsatellite instability (MSI). Clinical studies on the efficacy of 5‐Fluorouracil (5‐FU) in MSI high tumours are contradictory. In a retrospective study, we compared the survival of subjects with stage III CC from HNPCC families that were treated with and without adjuvant 5‐FU. The Dutch HNPCC family registry was used. Information on adjuvant chemotherapy for stage III CC was obtained from subjects of families with a mutation and/or who fulfilled the AMS criteria or who were strongly suspicious for HNPCC. CC specific survival was calculated. Observation time was measured either until the date of death, date of a second primary CC or until the closing date of the study, i.e., June 1, 2001. Statistical analysis was done by Kaplan‐Meier survival analysis. A total of 92 subjects with stage III CC were included. Twenty‐eight of them (17 males) had adjuvant treatment with 5‐FU. The median follow‐up was 4 (range: 1–17) years; 8 subjects died of CC. The 5‐year survival was 70% (95% Cl: 49–90). Sixty‐four subjects (36 males) did not have adjuvant therapy. Their median follow‐up was 6 (range: 0–23) years. Twenty of them died of CC. The 5‐year survival in this group was also 70% (95% Cl: 59–83). To date, the selection of patients with CC for 5‐FU treatment is based on the stage rather than the biology of the tumour. In our study, the 5‐year survival of subjects treated with and without adjuvant 5‐FU did not differ. Further studies are necessary to elucidate the role of MSI in 5‐FU treatment of MSI‐H tumours in HNPCC. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Familial association of histology specific breast cancers with cancers at other sites
Authors: Bermejo Justo Lorenzo , Hemminki Kari 
Published: February 2004

AbstractBreast cancer histologies show important differences in their incidence pattern, method of detection and management. Aggregation of breast cancer occurs also in families diagnosed for cancer at sites different from the breast. Therefore, the familial association of histology specific breast cancers with cancers at other sites is of great interest. The nationwide Swedish Family‐Cancer Database was used to calculate standardised incidence ratios (SIRs) for breast cancer when parents or sibling were diagnosed with cancer at the most common sites. Significant SIRs were found when parents had breast, ovarian, laryngeal, endometrial, prostate, lung and colon cancers. If women were diagnosed before the age of 50 years, the SIRs were significant when parents were diagnosed with breast, ovarian, and prostate cancers, and leukaemia, and when siblings were diagnosed with squamous cell skin, pancreatic, breast and endometrial cancers. If mothers were diagnosed with breast cancer, histology‐specific SIRs were ranked as comedo > tubular > ductal > lobular; SIR for medullary carcinoma was not significant but it was high when mothers presented with ovarian cancer. Other associations were between the upper aerodigestive tract and lobular, colon and comedo, larynx and ductal cancer. Moreover, cervical cancer was associated with comedo and endometrial cancer with the medullary histology. In conclusion, histology‐specific breast cancers were associated with specific cancer sites and the strength of the association varied among histologies. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.