bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in amino acid and fatty acid composition during shelf‐life of marinated fish
Authors: Özden Özkan 
Published: May 2005

AbstractQuality aspects of marinated fish were examined over a 120 day period. Nutritional quality parameters (proximate composition, fatty acid profile and amino acid profile) were determined. Changes in amino acids and fatty acids were examined in the muscle of marinated fish during storage. Aspartic acid, threonine, proline, glycine, tyrosine and lysine concentrations in marinated anchovy and rainbow trout greatly influenced their quality. Polyunsaturated fatty acid concentrations decreased significantly (p< 0.05) in marinated anchovy but not (p> 0.05) in marinated rainbow trout, while total saturated fatty acid concentrations increased significantly (p< 0.05) in both marinated fish during storage. These changes in fatty acid and amino acid concentrations were found to be useful as an index of freshness and decomposition of marinated fish in storage. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Mammary glands of sexually immature rats are more susceptible than those of mature rats to the carcinogenic, lethal, and mutagenic effects of N‐nitroso‐N‐methylurea
Authors: Ariazi Jennifer L. , Haag Jill D. , Lindstrom Mary J. , Gould Michael N. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractKnowing that the prepubertal period is a time of enhanced susceptibility for radiation‐induced human breast cancer, we used the Fischer 344 rat model to explore the age‐differential susceptibility of the mammary gland to the carcinogenic, lethal, and mutagenic effects of two structurally diverse chemical carcinogens, N‐nitroso‐N‐methylurea (NMU), and 7,12‐dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA). Mammary carcinoma incidences and multiplicities were significantly greater in immature than mature NMU‐treated rats while mammary carcinoma incidences and multiplicities were significantly lower in immature than mature DMBA‐treated rats. The survival of mammary clonogens of mature NMU‐treated rats in limiting dilution transplantation assays was greater than that of the survival of mammary clonogens of immature NMU‐treated rats. No differences were found in the survival of mammary cells from immature and mature rats exposed to DMBA. Although there were no mutation spectra differences, mammary epithelial cells of immature NMU‐treated rats had greater mutation frequencies than those of mature NMU‐treated rats. Together these results support the hypothesis that the mammary gland of immature rats is more susceptible to the carcinogenic, lethal, and mutagenic effects of alkylating agents represented by NMU in a carcinogen‐class‐specific manner. Further, the results suggest the importance of mechanistic and epidemiological studies of the susceptibility of the prepubertal breast to specific carcinogens such as alkylating agents. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Epoxide hydrolase and CYP2C9 polymorphisms, cigarette smoking, and risk of colorectal carcinoma in the Nurses' Health Study and the Physicians' Health Study
Authors: Tranah Gregory J. , Chan Andrew T. , Giovannucci Edward , Ma Jing , Fuchs Charles , Hunter David J. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractMicrosomal epoxide hydrolase (mEH) and cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9) are involved in the bioactivation and detoxification of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) derived from tobacco smoke. Two coding‐region mEH variants (Tyr113His, His139Arg) and CYP2C9 variants (Arg144Cys, Ile359Leu) have been described and affect enzyme specific activity. We investigated these polymorphisms and tested interactions with smoking in relationship to risk of colorectal carcinoma in two case‐control studies nested in the Nurses' Health Study (NHS) and Physicians' Health Study (PHS) cohorts. mEH Tyr113His and His139Arg polymorphisms were not associated with the risk of cancer among 197 incident cases and 490 controls from the NHS. Among 273 incident cases and 453 controls from the PHS, carrying one or two copies of the ‘rapid’ 139Arg allele was associated with a significantly reduced risk of colorectal cancer (OR = 0.70, 95% CI 0.49–0.99) when compared with His139 wild‐type individuals. Risk of colorectal cancer was significantly reduced among men carrying the CYP2C9 *1/*2 genotype (OR = 0.62, 95% CI 0.42–0.92) or at least one CYP2C9 variant allele (OR = 0.72, 95% CI 0.52–1.00) when compared with *1/*1 wild‐type individuals. For women, carrying at least one variant CYP2C9 allele was inversely associated with the risk of colorectal cancer (OR = 0.85, 95% CI, 0.57–1.27) when compared with *1/*1 wild‐type individuals. No statistically significant genotype‐smoking or gene‐gene interactions were found in this study. Our results indicate that individuals exposed to tobacco carcinogens were at increased risk of colorectal cancer and that overall risk is related to mEH and CYP2C9 genotype, although the results were not consistent between men and women. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Apigenin inhibits oxidative stress‐induced macromolecular damage in N‐nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA)‐induced hepatocellular carcinogenesis in Wistar albino rats
Authors: Jeyabal Prince Vijeya Singh , Syed Mumtaz Banu , Venkataraman Magesh , Sambandham Jamuna Kumari , Sakthisekaran Dhanapal 
Published: May 2005

AbstractApigenin (4′,5,7‐trihydroxyflavone), a flavone subclass of flavonoid widely distributed in many herbs, fruits, and vegetables is a substantial component of the human diet and has been shown to possess a variety of biological activities including tumor growth inhibition and chemoprevention. Recent studies in several biological systems have shown that apigenin induces tumor growth inhibition, cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis. Free radical‐induced degradation of polyunsaturated fatty acid results in electrophilic products and causes severe oxidative stress. Oxidative stress induced by free radicals, nonoxidizing species, electrophiles, and associated DNA damages have been frequently coupled with carcinogenesis. In the present study, the protective role of apigenin was examined against the oxidative stress caused by N‐nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA) and phenobarbital (PB) in Wistar albino rats. Oxidative stress was measured in terms of lipid peroxidation (LPO) and protein carbonyl formation. Oxidative stress‐induced DNA damage was measured by single cell gel electrophoresis (comet assay). Apigenin exhibited its antioxidant defense against NDEA‐induced oxidative stress. We have observed minimal levels of LPO and DNA damage in apigenin‐treated hepatoma bearing animals. Based on the results, we suggest that apigenin may be developed as a promising chemotherapeutic agent against the development of chemical carcinogenesis. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Suprabasal α5β1 integrin expression stimulates formation of epidermal squamous cell carcinomas without disrupting TGFβ signaling or inducing spindle cell tumors
Authors: Owens David M. , Broad Simon , Yan Xiaohong , Benitah Salvador A. , Watt Fiona M. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractDuring epidermal chemical carcinogenesis benign papillomas convert to squamous cell carcinomas, some of which undergo epithelial‐mesenchymal conversion to highly malignant spindle cell tumors. TGFβ inhibits early stages of carcinogenesis but promotes the spindle cell phenotype in later stages. One hallmark of spindle cell tumors is upregulation of the α5β1 integrin fibronectin receptor. To examine the significance of altered α5β1 integrin expression, we induced tumors in transgenic mice expressing α5β1 in the suprabasal epidermal layers. Invα5β1 mice developed threefold more papillomas and squamous cell carcinomas than wild‐type (Wt) littermates; however, no spindle cell tumors or increased metastases were observed. Suprabasal expression of the α6β4 integrin increases squamous cell carcinoma formation and decreases TGFβ sensitivity while α3β1 may have the opposite effect. In contrast, nuclear phosphoSmad2 labeling in Invα5β1 epidermis and tumors was indistinguishable from Wt, and suprabasal α5β1 did not block TGFβ‐induced Smad2/3 translocation or growth inhibition in cultured keratinocytes. We conclude that upregulation of α5β1 does not predispose the epidermis to undergo conversion to spindle cell tumors and that the mechanism by which α5β1 influences susceptibility to carcinogenesis is independent of perturbed TGFβ signaling. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Treadmill walking as an external pacemaker to improve gait rhythm and stability in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Frenkel‐Toledo Silvi , Giladi Nir , Peretz Chava , Herman Talia , Gruendlinger Leor , Hausdorff Jeffrey M. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractRecent reports suggest that external cueing improves stride length and gait speed in Parkinson's disease (PD). The purpose of the present study was to examine the influence of treadmill walking on gait variability. The 36 PD patients (Hoehn and Yahr stage 2–2.5) were compared to 30 controls. Subjects walked three times for 2 minutes each: (1) walking on level ground (unassisted), (2) walking on level ground while using a walker, and (3) walking on a treadmill. Stride time variability and swing time variability were significantly increased in the patients compared to the control subjects when walking on level ground with a walker. In both groups, the use of a walking aid did not significantly affect stride time variability or swing time variability, but the treadmill reduced stride time variability and swing time variability in the patients and in the controls. These results indicate that, during treadmill walking, PD subjects are able to walk with a less variable and more stable gait. Because the treadmill walking speed was set to the gait speed on level ground and because this effect was not seen with a walking aid, we suggest that the treadmill may be acting as an external cue to enhance gait rhythmicity and reduce gait variability. © 2005 Movement Disorder Society
Premutations in the FMR1 gene as a modifying factor in Parkin‐associated Parkinson's disease?
Authors: Hedrich Katja , Pramstaller Peter P. , Stübke Katrin , Hiller Anja , Kabakci Kemal , Purmann Sabine , Kasten Meike , Scaglione Cesa , Schwinger Eberhard , Volkmann Jens , Kostic Vladimir , Vieregge Peter , Martinelli Paolo , Abbruzzese Giovanni , Klein Christine , Zühlke Christine 
Published: May 2005

AbstractPremutations in the FMR1 gene may be associated with some cases of parkinsonism. To test this hypothesis, we determined the CGG repeat number in FMR1 in 673 individuals with and without parkinsonism and detected 3 premutation carriers (2 patients, 1 control). Of note, 1 of the affected premutation carriers had a heterozygous Parkin mutation. © 2005 Movement Disorder Society
Palatal myoclonus: An unusual presentation
Authors: Ross Shelly , Jankovic Joseph 
Published: May 2005

AbstractWe describe a 16‐year‐old woman with an unusual clinical presentation of palatal myoclonus after a severe upper respiratory infection. Besides the postinfectious onset, this case is unique in that the rhythmical contractions of her oropharynx, larynx, and esophagus occur in couplets rather than single contractions of typical essential palatal myoclonus. Additionally, these contractions are present only during the inspiratory phase of respiration. Imaging and other diagnostic studies show no evidence of cerebellar or brainstem pathology. This case broadens the phenomenology of palatal myoclonus and illustrates the occasional overlap in clinical features between essential and symptomatic palatal myoclonus. © 2005 Movement Disorder Society
Platysmal myoclonus in subclinical hyperthyroidism
Authors: Teoh Hock‐Luen , Lim Erle Chuen‐Hian 
Published: May 2005

AbstractHyperthyroidism is associated with various movement disorders, such as chorea and tremors. We report on a young Chinese woman with an unusual presentation of myoclonus, involving both platysmal muscles, in association with subclinical hyperthyroidism. The myoclonus was preceded by symptoms of hyperthyroidism, namely weight loss, menstrual disturbances, and heat intolerance. The movements abated with clonazepam and hyperthyroidism was treated with carbimazole. The myoclonus recurred briefly when she stopped taking clonazepam, but she has since remained well and euthyroid. © 2005 Movement Disorder Society
Dietary fibre, glycaemic response, and diabetes
Authors: Brennan Charles S. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe much publicised global trend in rising levels of obesity and diabetes has refuelled interest in the dietary intake of the macronutrients (fat, protein, and carbohydrates) necessary to maintain the state of normalcy (good health) of an individual. Both scientific and public attention have focused on the dietary mediation of chronic health syndromes, either through use of dietary supplements, or a review of the whole diet situation. Dietary supplements have been used extensively both as pharmacological supplements, food ingredients, in processed foods to aid weight control, and the regulation of glucose control for diabetic patients. Particular interest has focused on the use of dietary fibres, especially soluble dietary fibres (such as guar gum, locust bean gum, and psyllium fibres), resistant starch, and slowly digestible carbohydrates. These have been shown to alter food structure, texture, and viscosity, and hence the rate of starch degradation during digestion. Research has also illustrated an association between the rate of carbohydrate degradation during digestion, and the regulation of postprandial blood sugar and insulin levels. The current paper explores the potential use of dietary fibres in the treatment of obesity and diabetes.
Dietary fiber as a versatile food component: An industrial perspective
Authors: Redgwell Robert J. , Fischer Monica 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe continued emphasis on the importance of dietary fibers to the Western diet and the need for products with a lower calorific content is pressuring food companies to allocate more resources to the development of fiber‐enriched products. The challenge to the industry is to accomplish this goal without sacrificing the organoleptic appeal of some of their core offerings. As future research details specific nutritional benefits of individual components of dietary fiber, food companies will need flexible alternatives in order to validate new ‘functional’ food claims and to respond rapidly to emerging trends in fiber‐enriched products. These objectives will be achieved by understanding the physicochemical basis for the biotechnical functionality of fibers and by developing, and making available fibers which provide a broad spectrum of bioactive and texture modulating properties.
A randomized comparison of post‐operative pain, quality of life, and physical performance during the first 6 weeks after abdominal or vaginal surgical correction of descensus uteri
Authors: Roovers J.P.W.R. , van der Bom J.G. , van der Vaart C.H. , van Leeuwen J.H. Schagen , Scholten P.C. , Heintz A.P.M. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractAimsWith respect to urogenital function, vaginal hysterectomy combined with anterior and/or posterior colporraphy has been shown to be superior to abdominal sacrocolpopexy with preservation of the uterus. We performed a randomized trial to compare the effects of both procedures on pain, quality of life and physical performance during the first six weeks after surgery.MethodsEighty‐two patients were randomized to have surgery either by vaginal or abdominal approach. All patients were asked to complete the RAND‐36 before surgery and 6 weeks after surgery and to keep a diary for the first 6 weeks after surgery. This diary assessed the pain perception and use of pain medication, bother of limitations due to the surgery and performance of daily activities after surgery. These outcomes were compared.ResultsAll patients completed the RAND‐36 and 68 patients completed the diary. Patients who had undergone abdominal surgery had a statistically lower score on the health change domain (56 vs 68), bodily pain domain (63 vs 80) and mental health domain (74 vs 81) of the RAND‐36, as compared to patients who had undergone vaginal prolapse surgery. During hospital stay, the abdominal group experienced on average more days of pain (4.5 vs 3.0) and impaired mobility (3.7 vs 2.9) as compared to the vaginal group. Patients received more pain medication following abdominal surgery as compared to vaginal surgery.ConclusionsThe vaginal operation to correct a descensus uteri is associated with less pain, better quality of life and better mobility during the first 6 weeks of the recovery period as compared to the abdominal approach. Neurourol. Urodynam. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Multiple‐signaling pathways are involved in the inhibitory effects of galangin on urinary bladder contractility
Authors: Dambros Miriam , de Jongh Rik , van Koeveringe Gommert A. , van Deutekom Marjanka , De Mey Jo G.R. , Palma Paulo C.R. , van Kerrebroeck Philip E.V. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractAimsFlavonoids comprise a large group of natural polyphenolic compounds, which possess a wide spectrum of physiological and pharmacological effects. Recently, the flavonoid galangin was found to modulate smooth muscle contractility. The aim of the present study was to investigate the mechanism of actions of galangin on pig bladder smooth muscle and to characterize its potential as an alternative inhibitor of bladder smooth muscle contraction.Materials and MethodsStrips of pig detrusor muscle were mounted in separate 6‐ml organ baths containing Krebs solution. The contractile response to carbachol (10−8–10−4M), potassium (2 × 10−2–10−1M), and electrical field stimulation—EFS (2–32 Hz) were determined before and after the addition of galangin (3 × 10−5M). The contractile responses to carbachol in calcium‐free Krebs' solution plus EGTA and L‐type channel blocker were determined in the absence and presence of the flavonoid. Furthermore, the effect of galangin was also evaluated after the administration in the bath of a number of antagonists/inhibitors including a combination of propranolol, phentolamine, capsazepine, and verapamil. Student's t‐test and one factor ANOVA were used to determine the statistical significance of the effects.ResultsGalangin inhibited the maximal contractile response to carbachol and potassium by 57.41% (P < 0.01) and 33.52% (P < 0.05), respectively. The maximum force of the carbachol‐evoked contractions in calcium‐free solution after incubation with galangin was 32% of the maximum initial force (Emax · initial: 5.8387 ± 0.72 mN, Emax · Galangin: 1.9157 ± 0.30 mN, P < 0.01). The maximal contractile responses to EFS at 2, 4, 8, 16, and 32 Hz were reduced, compared to control, by 91.61% (P < 0.01), 79.46% (P < 0.01), 70.54% (P < 0.01), 61.10% (P < 0.01), and 9.8% (P > 0.05), respectively. The inhibitory effect of galangin was unaffected by a combination of propranolol, phentolamine, and capsazepine (P > 0.05). However, when verapamil was added to the medium, the inhibitory effects of galangin were partially blocked.ConclusionsGalangin, at high concentrations, exerts an inhibitory effect on pig bladder smooth muscle contractility through the inhibition of calcium influx and the modulation of intracellular calcium movement. Furthermore, we have demonstrated that the inhibitory effect of galangin involves, at least in part, L‐type calcium channels pathways. Neurourol. Urodynam. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
GAP‐43 immunoreactivity of subepithelial and detrusor muscle nerve fibres in patients with refractory idiopathic detrusor overactivity
Authors: Schofield E.C. , Clausen J.A. , Burcher E. , Moore K.H. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractAimsTo determine the relative density of nerve fibres immunoreactive to growth associated protein‐43 (GAP‐43, an indicator of neuronal sprouting) in the subepithelium and detrusor of patients with idiopathic detrusor overactivity (IDO). To investigate the effect, if any, of age and previous recurrent bacterial cystitis on neuronal sprouting in such patients.Materials and MethodsA series of 18 women with urodynamically proven IDO (median age 62 years, range 39–85), who were refractory to treatment, underwent cystoscopy and cold cup biopsy. Controls (n = 26, median age 65, range 32–79) were females without urgency/urge incontinence, undergoing cystoscopy for other indications. Recurrent proven bacterial cystitis (rUTI) was documented. Frozen sections were stained with specific antibodies to GAP‐43 and protein gene product 9.5 (PGP, a general neuronal marker). The area represented by immunoreactive (ir) subepithelial or muscle nerve fibres was measured.ResultsThe density of GAP‐43ir and PGPir nerves did not differ significantly between IDO patients and controls, in either subepithelium or detrusor. The GAP‐43ir nerve density (as percent of PGPir) increased significantly with advancing age amongst patients with IDO in the detrusor muscle but not in the subepithelium; density in controls was unaltered. In IDO patients with rUTI, a significant increase in GAP‐43 (as percent of PGPir) was observed in the subepithelium.ConclusionsAlthough we found no evidence of increased neuronal proliferation in patients with IDO generally, the increase in GAP‐43 with age and with previous cystitis history suggests that neuronal sprouting is important in some subsets of patients with IDO. Neurourol. Urodynam. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Markers of collagen synthesis and degradation in urogenital tissue from women with and without stress urinary incontinence
Authors: Edwall Lena , Carlström Kjell , Jonasson Aino Fianu 
Published: May 2005

AbstractAimsMultiparity and obesity are risk factors for stress urinary incontinence (SUI), but collagen synthesis and metabolism in the urogenital tissue itself may also affect its function and control of micturition. Whether changes in synthesis or degradation of collagen are part of the etiology of SUI is not known and published studies show diverging results. The aims of the present study was to investigate collagen turnover in urogenital tissue in women with SUI (n = 71) and in urologically healthy women (n = 31).MethodsMarkers of collagen synthesis and breakdown, the carboxy‐terminal propeptide of type I procollagen (PICP), the carboxy‐terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (ICTP), and the amino‐terminal propeptide of procollagen III (PIIINP) were assayed in urogenital tissue homogenates and peripheral serum.ResultsIn the total clinical material SUI patients were significantly older, had a significantly higher body mass index (BMI) and significantly lower serum PICP and tissue ICTP levels than the controls. When healthy controls were compared with SUI patients matched for age, BMI, parity, and hormonal/menopausal status (31 women in each group), the SUI patients had significantly lower serum concentrations of PICP and significantly lower tissue concentrations of PIIINP and ICTP than the controls. Within the total material of SUI patients, post‐menopausal women with weak and strong HRT and pre‐menopausal women had significantly lower S‐ICTP concentrations than untreated post‐menopausal patients. Significant negative correlations to parity were found for T‐PIIINP and T‐PICP and to BMI for T‐ICTP.ConclusionsThe low tissue collagen marker levels in women with SUI suggest a reduced collagen turnover, which may negatively affect tissue strength and elasticity. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A local defect correction technique for time‐dependent problems
Authors: Minero R. , Anthonissen M. J. H. , Mattheij R. M. M. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractIn this article a local defect correction technique for time‐dependent problems is presented. The method is suitable for solving partial differential equations characterized by a high activity, which is mainly located, at each time, in a small part of the physical domain. The problem is solved at each time step by means of a global uniform coarse grid and a local uniform fine grid. Local and global approximation are improved iteratively. Results of numerical experiments illustrate the accuracy, the efficiency, and the robustness of the method. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq, 2006