bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Usual Coffee Intake among Adults in the United States
Authors: Loftfield Erikka , Freedman Neal D. , Xiao Qian , Dodd Kevin W. , Sinha Rashmi , Graubard Barry I. 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundDespite widespread popularity and possible health effects, the prevalence and distribution of coffee in US adults is poorly characterized.ObjectiveOur aim was to estimate usual daily coffee consumption among US adults according to demographic, socioeconomic, and other health‐related factors.MethodsDietary intake data was obtained from a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and two nonconsecutive 24‐hour dietary recalls administered during the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2003 to 2006. Analyses were weighted so that estimates were representative of the US adult population, aged ≥20 years, (n=6,219; weighted n=206,574,330). The NCI method, incorporating FFQ and dietary recall data, was used to estimate both the probability of consumption and the amount of coffee consumed by gender, age, race/ethnicity, education, income, cigarette smoking, alcohol drinking, and general health condition. Trends in coffee intake over time were evaluated using linear regression to model day one intake from NHANES 2003 to 2012 (n=24,950) adjusted for gender, age, and race/ethnicity.ResultsAn estimated 154 million adults or 75% of the US population over 20 years of age drink coffee, and 65% of these coffee consumers drink coffee daily. Prevalence of coffee drinking did not differ by gender or general health condition, but was lower among non‐Hispanic blacks, adults earning less than $20,000 per year, never smokers, and non‐drinkers of alcohol. Additionally, prevalence was higher among older age groups with 86% of adults ≥60 years but only 59% of adults <30 years drinking coffee. Overall, usual median ± SE coffee consumption was 7 ± 0.3 fl oz/day or 0.9 cups/day with the highest daily intake among men, older age groups, non‐Hispanic Whites, current smokers, and heavy drinkers of alcohol. Among consumers, usual median intake was 11 ± 0.4 fl oz/day or 1.4 cups/day. Population mean coffee intake did not significantly change from 2003 to 2012 (P for trend=0.10); furthermore, no significant changes were observed by gender, age, or racial/ethnic group over time.ConclusionsCoffee is a common dietary exposure particularly among older age groups, smokers, and alcohol drinkers who are also at higher risk of chronic disease and mortality. The data suggest that the probability of coffee drinking increases with age, but longitudinal studies are needed to understand lifetime changes in coffee drinking.Support or Funding InformationThis work was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of Health, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, and Department of Health and Human Services.
DHA and EPA consumption from seafood, US Adults, 2009–2012
Authors: Nielsen Samara Joy , Herrick Kirsten A , Ogden Cynthia L 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundThe 2015 Dietary Guidelines for Americans Committee recommend two servings of fish per week (8 oz) and 250 mg/day of DHA and EPA from seafood.ObjectiveTo estimate the frequency of DHA and EPA consumption from seafood consumed in the past thirty days in 2009–2012.DesignIn the 2009–2012 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, a cross‐sectional nationally representative sample of the US population, seafood consumption was collected during a 30‐day food frequency questionnaire from 10,563 adults 20 years and older. DHA and EPA, long chain omega 3 fatty acids, are predominantly found in seafood. Specific seafood varieties were classified as high or low in omega 3 fatty acids based upon designation by USDA. DHA and EPA consumption was calculated based upon estimates for EPA and DHA in 4 ounces of specific seafood varieties and an assumed portion size of 4 ounces for each eating occasion.ResultsIn 2009–2012, 24.7% (1.0) of US adults consumed seafood two or more times/week. Almost 6% (5.9% (0.5)) of adults consumed seafood high in omega 3s and 12.8% (0.7) consumed seafood low in omega 3s two or more times/week. Among all adults, mean DHA and EPA intake was 65 (2.6) mg/day; for adults who consumed seafood two or more times/week mean intake was 180 (5.0) mg/day. Among adults who consumed seafood high in omega 3s two or more times/week, mean DHA and EPA intake was 318 (12.4) mg/day. Among adults who consumed seafood low in omega 3s two or more times/week, mean DHA and EPA intake was 198 (9.0) mg/day.ConclusionsMost Americans are consuming less fish/seafood than is recommended, and consequently less DHA and EPA than recommended.
Children (2–18 y) Consuming Flavored Milk Ingested More Milk and a Higher Percentage Met Dietary Recommendations for Calcium than Non‐Consumers: NHANES 2001–2012
Authors: O'Neil Carol E. , Nicklas Theresa A , Fulgoni Victor L 
Published: November 2023

Total milk consumption, the percentage of children (n= 20,329) meeting recommendations for nutrients of public health concern (fiber, vitamin D, calcium, potassium), and added sugars and SFA intake was compared in flavored milk consumers and non‐consumers. Individual Usual Intake (UI) was determined for flavored milk and nutrients using the NCI method. UI of > 0.25 cup eq of flavored dairy milk defined consumers (n= 3,564; 51% male). Covariate adjusted regressions used appropriate sample weights with P<0.001 as significant. To assess inadequate intake, the Estimated Average Requirements (EAR) cutpoint method was used; for nutrients without an EAR, % above Adequate Intake (AI) was used. Flavored milk consumers, 2–3y (n=475; 2.3±0.1 cup eq), 4–8y (n=1,449; 1.8±0.04), 9–13y (n=1,120; 1.7±0.1), and 14–18y (n=517; 1.7±0.1), consumed more milk than non‐consumers in the respective age groups: 1.7±0.1 (n=1,443), 1.2±0.04 (n=2,304), 1.0±0.04 (n=2,487), and 0.9 ±0.1 (n=3,021). Fiber intake in all age groups was low; and flavored milk consumers had a lower mean percentage of children meeting the dietary recommendations for dietary fiber than non‐consumers: 2.4±0.7% vs 6.9±0.7%, 0.7±0.3% vs 2.6±0.2%, 0.1±0.1% vs 14.1±0.3%, and 0.1±0.1% vs 0.6±0.1% above the AI, respectively. Nutrient adequacy for vitamin D was low in all age groups; however, there was no difference in the mean prevalence of children with inadequate intake: 78.2±4.6% vs 83.5±1.5%, 88.2±2.5% vs 89.2±0.8% 91.1±2.9% vs 92.6±0.8%, and 87.8±3.8% vs 94.7±0.6% below the EAR, respectively. Nutrient adequacy for calcium varied by age group; and flavored milk consumers had a lower percentage below the EAR in all age groups : 0.1±0.1% vs 5.2±0.6% 9.1±1.7% vs 34.1±1.7%, 41.3±2.9% vs 67.4±1.9%, and 35.3±5.0% vs 66.7±1.5% below the EAR, respectively. Potassium intake in all age groups was low; there was no difference in the mean percentage of children in all age groups meeting the dietary recommendations for potassium: 7.9±1.6% vs 7.9±0.8%, 0.8±0.3% vs 1.4±0.2, 0.05±0.1% vs 0.3±0.1%, and 0.6±0.4% vs 0.5±0.1% above the AI, respectively. Only in consumers, 2–3y was the intake of added sugars 13.5±0.6 tsp eq; 14.3% energy) different from non‐consumers (9.9±0.4 tsp eq; 11.8% energy). Consumers 2–3y (20.6±0.7g), 4–8y (23.9±0.5g), and 9–13y (27.3±0.7g) consumed more SFA, respectively than non‐consumers: 18.1±0.5g, 22.3±3g, and 24.3±0.6g). Consumers 9–13y (11.7±0.2%) and 14–18y (11.5±0.2%) had higher % energy from SFA than non‐consumers: 11.2±0.2% and 10.8±0.2%. As part of a healthy diet, flavored milk can increase milk consumption and the percentage of children below the EAR for calcium without providing added sugars above the IOM recommendations to the diets of most children.Support or Funding InformationDairy Research Institute & USDA
Mouse model of muscle atrophy with water‐immersion restraint stress
Authors: Fushimi Shigeko , Nohno Tsutomu , Nishimatsu Shin‐ichiro , Katase Naoki , Terada Kumiko , Watanabe Yoko , Ota Yoko , Katsuyama Midori , Saijoh Kiyofumi , Katsuyama Hironobu 
Published: November 2023

Our previous study showed that water immersion restraint stress (WRS) induced osteopenia. Since relationship between bone mineral density (BMD) and muscle amount was reported, histochemical analysis of soleus was performed after WRS.WRS was performed on 8 week old male C57/6J mice 6h/day, 5 times/week for 4 weeks. After sacrifice, soleus was isolated and histochemical analysis was performed.Although no growth retardation was observed, both muscle amount and grip strength were decreased in WRS group. In various types of muscle fibers, histochemical analysis of soleus showed that areas of type 2b muscle fiber was significantly decreased in WRS group. Serum corticosterone level was significantly higher in WRS group, indicating that WRS was stressful to mice. mRNA expressions of atrogin‐1 and MuRF‐1 were significantly higher in WRS group, although myostatin and myogenin mRNA expressions were not changed. These results indicated that WRS might induce ubiquitin‐proteasome dependent protein degradation, and resulting muscle atrophy.
Magnesium and Space Flight
Authors: Smith Scott M. , Zwart Sara R. 
Published: November 2023

Magnesium is an essential nutrient for muscle, cardiovascular, and bone health on Earth, and during space flight. We sought to evaluate magnesium status in astronauts before, during, and after space missions, as well as in a ground analog of space flight, head‐down tilt bed rest. We evaluated serum concentration and urinary excretion of magnesium in 39 astronauts on missions to the International Space Station, along with estimates of tissue magnesium status from sublingual cells, available for 33 of those crewmembers. Relative to preflight concentrations, serum magnesium increased late in flight whereas urinary magnesium excretion was higher than preflight values throughout the mission. After landing, however, urinary magnesium had significantly decreased from preflight values. Neither serum nor urinary magnesium changed significantly during bed rest. For both space flight and bed rest, significant correlations existed between the area under the curve of serum and urinary magnesium and the change in total‐body bone mineral content (determined by dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry). Tissue magnesium concentration was unchanged after flight and bed rest. The increased amount of magnesium excreted during space flight is likely partially from bone and partially from diet, but importantly, it does not come at the expense of muscle tissue stores. While further study is needed to better understand the implications of these findings for longer space exploration missions, magnesium homeostasis and tissue status seem well maintained during 4‐ to 6‐month space missions.Support or Funding InformationThis study was funded by the Human Health Countermeasures Element of the NASA Human Research Program.
Daily Consumption of Strawberries for Eight Weeks Increases Serum Levels of IGF‐1 in Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Feresin Rafaela G. , Johnson Sarah A. , Pourafshar Shirin , Elam Marcus L. , Navaei Negin , Akhavan Neda , Figueroa Arturo , Tenenbaum Gershon , Brummel‐Smith Kenneth , Arjmandi Bahram H. 
Published: November 2023

Ovarian hormone deficiency may lead to over production of pro‐inflammatory molecules with a concomitant rise in oxidative stress. This cascade of events negatively affect bone metabolism with a subsequent development of osteoporosis and increased risk of fractures. Epidemiological studies suggest that consumption of fruits and vegetables is associated with decreased incidence of chronic diseases including osteoporosis which is mainly attributed to the polyphenol content of these foods. Strawberries are widely consumed in the United States and have high polyphenolic content which confers to them strong antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory activities. Thus, the main objective of this eight‐week randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled clinical trial was to investigate the extent to which daily consumption of strawberries would favorably alter blood biomarkers of bone metabolism in postmenopausal women. Forty‐seven postmenopausal women (age: 59 ± 6 years; body mass index: 31.5 ± 4.1 kg/m2) were randomly assigned into one of two groups: 1) 25 g of freeze‐dried strawberry powder (FDSP) (equivalent to 1½ cups of fresh strawberries), or 2) 25 g placebo powder. As anticipated, there were no significant differences in baseline characteristics between the two groups. At baseline, no changes were noted for body composition and bone mineral density in either of the groups, as expected. Serum levels of bone‐specific alkaline phosphatase, a marker of bone formation and tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase‐5b, a specific marker of bone resorption, were not affected by FDSP after eight weeks in comparison with placebo. In contrast, a significant time‐by‐treatment interaction (P = 0.041) was observed for serum insulin‐like growth factor 1 (IGF‐1), known to strongly stimulate bone formation. IGF‐1 levels were increased in the FDSP group (56.7 ± 4.0 to 69.9 ± 11.3 ng/ml) while they were not changed in the placebo group (60.6 ± 3.7 to 60.9 ± 6.1 ng/ml). Our findings suggest that regular consumption of strawberries may be beneficial for bone health due to their ability to increase the synthesis of IGF‐1; however, further studies are warranted to examine the efficacy of long‐term incorporation of strawberries into the diet on bone health.Support or Funding InformationThis study was funded, in part, by the California Strawberry Commission.
From visceral fat to brain function: The selectively negative influence of central adiposity on neuroelectric indices in preadolescent children
Authors: Raine Lauren , Cohen Neal , Kramer Arthur , Hillman Charles , Khan Naiman 
Published: November 2023

Although obesity in later adulthood is a recognized risk factor for cognitive impairment, the neurocognitive impact of excess adiposity during childhood remains controversial. Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) is a particularly metabolically active pathogenic fat depot that is mechanistically implicated in inflammation, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia; however the influence of VAT on children's brain health and cognitive function remains virtually unexamined. Therefore, the aim of the present investigation was to evaluate the impact of VAT on neuroelectric and behavioral indices of cognitive function among preadolescent children (9–10‐year‐olds). After an overnight fast, 94 children (41 females) performed a modified flanker task and an oddball task while event‐related brain potentials (ERPs) and task performance were recorded to measure attention and inhibitory control. %body fat (%FM) and VAT were assessed by DXA. In addition to demographic characteristics (age, sex, SES), covariates assessed included IQ and aerobic fitness (VO2max). Males and females had significantly different levels of VAT and %FM, warranting separate analyses by sex. Bivariate correlational analyses revealed that there were no significant associations between task accuracy, reaction time, and adiposity measures. However, both %FM and VAT were negatively correlated with ERP measures (P3 amplitude at central‐parietal midline electrodes). Subsequently, linear hierarchical regression analyses were performed to determine whether the association between %FM and P3 amplitude was mediated by VAT, following adjustment of age and aerobic fitness. Although %FM was negatively associated with P3 amplitude in the regression models, this relationship was mediated by VAT, such that increasing VAT negatively predicted P3 amplitude. Importantly, the negative effects of VAT were selective for P3 amplitude during the flanker task condition requiring upregulation of inhibitory control. Given that P3 amplitude is thought to index the degree of attentional resource allocation, these results suggest that VAT selectively compromises inhibitory control when task demands are increased. Interestingly, these findings were only evident in males, indicating that VAT affects preadolescent children's neuroelectric function in a sexually dimorphic manner. In conclusion, these results point to VAT, rather than %FM, as the adiposity marker related to the neural underpinnings of cognitive control in prepubescent males.Support or Funding InformationSupported by the Center for Nutrition, Learning, and Memory at the University of Illinois, Abbott Nutrition, and the Agriculture and Food Research Initiative of the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture under the Illinois Transdisciplinary Obesity Prevention Program grant (2011‐67001‐30101) to the Division of Nutritional Sciences at the University of Illinois.
Protein Intake and Mood: A Systematic Review
Authors: Pribis Peter 
Published: November 2023

In the last twenty years nutritional neuroscience has emerged as a recognized discipline with the potential to make significant contributions to our understanding of the relationship between nutrition and cognitive functions. Considerable research has been published on animals and humans demonstrating that different neural systems might be affected by dietary manipulations. For the central nervous system to function well it needs sufficient amounts of protein, water, vitamins such as folate, thiamine, vitamin B6, B12, alpha‐lipoic acid, lutein and omega‐3 fatty acids.TRP, an amino acid ‐ usually the least abundant ‐present in all natural proteins is of special interest to neuroscientist because of its role as precursor to the neurotransmitter serotonin (5‐Hydroxytryptamine) and to the pineal hormone melatonin (N‐acetyl‐5‐methoxytryptamine). The rate of brain serotonin synthesis depends on its concentrations of TRP. This is because tryptophan hydroxylase, the enzyme that catalyzes the initial and rate‐limiting step, has a very low affinity to TRP and is highly unsaturated at physiologic brain TRP concentrations. Brain TRP concentrations and the flux of TRP from blood to brain; depend, in turn partly on plasma TRP and partly on plasma concentrations of other large neutral amino acids: tyrosine, phenylalanine, leucine, isoleucine, valine, and methionine, which compete with TRP for blood‐brain barrier transport.Consumption of carbohydrates with high glycemic indices will lower plasma levels of most amino acids, via insulin‐mediated facilitation of their uptake into skeletal muscle for conversion to protein, thus raising the plasma TRP ratio and facilitating TRP's entry into the brain. It has been speculated, that variations in the carbohydrate and protein content of meals can cause sufficient changes in brain TRP and consequently serotonin levels. The changes in brain serotonin have been proposed as the underlying mechanisms for seasonal depression and other cognitive and mood disorders.
The impact of mastication on cognition: evidence for intervention and the role of adult hippocampal neurogenesis
Authors: Miquel‐Kergoat Sophie 
Published: November 2023

Adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus has been shown to affect mood, cognition, learning ability and memory. A growing area of interest is whether mastication or chewing also affects AHN. This article aims to collect the evidence from animal and human studies to ascertain whether mastication is an oral environment enrichment capable of having a modulatory effect on AHN and associated behaviors.Current data point toward a causal relationship between masticatory ability and cognitive function. Experimental studies on mice and rats have consistently shown that impairing masticatory function results in physical and behavioral changes. A recurring theme of decreased neural stem cells proliferation in the hippocampus was seen in most of the studies found. Human population study has shown that tooth loss and masticatory difficulty are positively correlated with having greater odds of cognitive impairment. However, no causal mechanism has yet been found to explain the effects of mastication on AHN.Further clinical studies, in humans, are currently conducted to ascertain whether mastication could be used as a potential health intervention to slowdown cognitive decline in the aging population or delay the onset of diseases such as dementia.
Effects of high pressure treatment and EDTA‐2Na on lipid oxidation and color properties of Altay sheep body fat
Authors: Wang Qiang , Liu Chengjiang 
Published: November 2023

Autoxidation during storage is one of the major causes of food spoilage that decreases the nutritional quality of food and generates potential toxic products. Oxidation process involves the degradation of PUFAs, vitamins, and other tissue components, which lead to the development of rancid and changes in color and texture of foodstuffs. Investigations to analyze lipid autoxidation products and factors influencing their production suggest that temperature and time for food processing, conditions for transport and storage, other factors including pH, light, oxygen, water activity, or a combination of these factors, and particularly heat processing all contribute to fat autoxidation and fatty acid degradation. Lipid oxidation also was a major problem in the high‐pressure processing and long storage times of Altay sheep fat. The present study investigates the variations in fatty acid composition and lipid oxidation in pressurized Altay sheep fat during storage. The lipid oxidation and composition of fatty acids in Altay sheep body fat, a high‐quality component, after high‐pressure (0.1–600 MPa) and EDTA‐2Na (0.05%) treatment were mainly investigated at 4 °C for up to 20 d. The TBARS values increased with higher pressure treatment (from 0.1 to 600 MPa). Compared with TBARS of 200 MPa at 4 °C, the treatment of 600 MPa at 4 °C+EDTA‐2Na increased the TBARS value. A significant decrease at the end of storage was observed in the PUFA/SFA values for all samples, and larger decrease (p < 0.01) in the PUFA/SFA values under the 600 MPa. The results showed that high pressure significantly affects the PUFA/SFA ratios during storage, which can be a potential method to regulate the PUFA/SFA level.600 MPa treatment produced darker and higher a* value (p < 0.05), and the redness of samples was affected by the pressure level and storage time. Therefore, higher‐pressure and EDTA‐2Na treatment were important in catalyzing lipid oxidation and the evolution of fatty acids from Altay sheep body fat.Support or Funding InformationThis research was supported by the Natural Science Foundations of China (No. 31401559 and No. 31460401).
Prevalence and patterns of wild berry consumption among park users in Western Washington
Authors: Diehl Elizabeth Gwen , Kazaks Alexandra 
Published: November 2023

ObjectiveTraditions of eating wild plants exist in Western Washington, yet prevalence of wild plant food consumption is unknown. Wild berries may contain nutrients and bioactive compounds, but safe and enjoyable use of these foods requires skill. This study aims to describe attitudes toward and prevalence of wild berry consumption in Western Washington, and to identify needs for translation of current science pertaining to edible wild berries.MethodsA de‐identified 25‐question web survey was offered to Western Washington park users 18 and older during Fall, 2015.ResultsParticipants (n=13) were 75% white, most with a bachelor degree or higher (85%). Most participants (77%) picked and ate wild berries in the last year, a behavior learned from family (40%) or from personal experience (40%). On a 7‐point scale, these consumers rated wild berries as healthful (6.7), delicious (6.5), and representing important food traditions (6.4). Consumers were less certain of the safety of wild berries (5.2) and of picking locations (5.1). Of Western Washington residents surveyed, just 36% identified salal, an example of an edible wild berry, from photographs.ConclusionsPark users’ enthusiasm for wild berries may exceed their knowledge, skill, or safety. Providing accurate scientific information through talks, demonstrations, and printed or on‐line sources may help consumers make healthful use of wild berry resources.