bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Should Physicians or Health Organizations Be Environmentally Active?
Authors: Macpherson Cheryl C. , Budrie Leon , Inui Thomas S. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Physicians and healthcare organizations today regularly encounter patients whose health is directly or indirectly impacted by climate change. Growing numbers are taking steps to mitigate health impacts of climate change by exploring, advocating for, and implementing environmentally sustainable policies and practices in their workplaces. Scientific consensus highlights the need for healthcare organizations, physicians, and the global healthcare industry to implement environmental sustainability measures and move toward carbon neutrality rapidly and comprehensively. It is essential to limit and best manage the health impacts of climate change on patients and communities in the coming decade. While healthcare organizations and physicians are responding, bioethics and medical ethics literature offers relatively little insight into such questions. This chapter describes successful examples of physician advocacy for and implementation of environmentally sustainable practices in medicine and healthcare, discusses how their advocacy for and implementation of environmentally sustainable practices fulfills the responsibility to promote and protect individual and public health, and considers what medical educators and licensing bodies are doing to prepare the next generations of physicians destined to contend with the growing consequences of climate change for health and healthcare.
Cancer and the Social Self
Authors: Ciaralli Spencier 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Cancer survivorship and other health identities have implications for core aspects of the self, such as self-esteem and the continuity of the self through and after the illness experience. Research has shown that life-threatening illnesses such as cancer can affect one’s sense of self by placing strain on and eroding performance of important roles that are central to other core identities (e.g., spouse, parent, or career-related roles). Perceptions of stigma may also develop and affect survivors’ illness disclosure, and this may erode available social support. Other linkages between illness identities and the self may be through body image satisfaction and sexuality and intimacy. This chapter provides a conceptual framework for examining these issues and presents foundational and recent research on these topics, along with research findings from the Cancer Survivors Research Program (CSRP) research program, including survivors’ narratives.
Methadone Versus Fentanyl for Nociceptive Cancer Pain
Authors: Borris Joshua , Israel Sydney Taylor 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Radiation mucositis is a painful complication arising from targeted radiotherapy used to treat head and neck cancers. It can cause both neuropathic and nociceptive pain, which has been found to be responsive to opioids. Methadone, as an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist, mu opioid agonist, and weak selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, has the pharmacologic advantage of treating both nociceptive and neuropathic pain, compared to fentanyl. However, it is less known as to whether methadone has comparable efficacy for nociceptive pain relief compared to fentanyl. In this open-label, randomized noninferiority study, 82 patients were randomized to receive either methadone or fentanyl for management of nociceptive pain caused by radiation mucositis. Through documentation of daily pain ratings, pain interference, and use of breakthrough opioid doses, the authors determined that methadone was noninferior to fentanyl for treating nociceptive cancer pain.
Epidemiology of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Effect of Riluzole on Disease Course
Authors: Costantino Ryan C. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease with limited treatment options and a median survival of 24–48 months. This study calculated the incidence and prevalence of ALS and explored the effect of riluzole exposure on survival. Results showed that riluzole had a positive effect on survival for approximately 6 months after diagnosis and that shorter riluzole treatments may be preferred as they were associated with longer survival times. Riluzole appears to confer a survival benefit of ~2–3 months in patients with ALS, although use beyond 18 months should be questioned based on data that showed untreated patients had better survival thereafter.
Topical Lorazepam, Diphenhydramine, and Haloperidol for Nausea in Cancer Patients
Authors: McPherson Mary Lynn 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Nausea and vomiting are symptoms that commonly accompany a diagnosis of cancer, and the oral route of antinausea administration often is not feasible. Many hospice and palliative care practitioners advocate for the use of topically applied multidrug cocktails, such as ABH (Ativan, Benadryl, Haldol) gel. This study evaluated the efficacy of ABH gel applied to the palmar aspect of the wrist, compared with a placebo gel, in a cross-over, randomized, double-blind trial. The results showed no statistically significant difference between the 2 treatments; the placebo gel was determined to be noninferior to the active comparator. Topical ABH gel should not be recommended as a treatment option for nausea in cancer patients.
Gabapentin for Uremic Itching
Authors: Mis Lydia 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Dermatologic complications are a disturbing complication associated with chronic kidney disease. Unfortunately, uremic pruritus is not alleviated with dialysis and therefore, patients my suffer from anxiety, depression, and sleep loss. Many small clinical trials have been published that show efficacy for the relief of uremic pruritus in dialysis patients. By pooling data across several published clinical trials, the true benefit of gabapentin can be evaluated, and a more accurate representation of the adverse effects can be reported for this patient population. Clinical efficacy was defined as a ≥ 50% reduction in pruritus scores and was evaluated for all studies in the review. This meta-analysis showed that gabapentin significantly decreased the severity of uremic pruritus as compared to placebo with a higher, but not significant increase in adverse drug effects.
Corticosteroids for Cancer-Related Pain, Fatigue, and Anorexia
Authors: Paice Judith A. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Corticosteroids are often considered essential agents in cancer symptom management, and current cancer pain clinical practice guidelines all include corticosteroids as part of multimodal therapy. However, few studies exist regarding efficacy, dosing, routes, and safety. This randomized controlled trial compared oral methylprednisolone 16 mg twice daily (approximately equal to dexamethasone 4 mg twice daily) to placebo over 7 days. There were no statistically significant differences in analgesia between groups, although differences were noted in reports of fatigue and appetite. Patients reported increased satisfaction in the methylprednisolone group.
Perioperative Pregabalin for Prevention of Postmastectomy Pain Syndrome
Authors: Pathak Ravi , Quest Tammie E. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This study assesses the role of pregabalin in the prevention of postmastectomy pain syndrome (PMPS). Chronic PMPS affects 20%–40% of breast cancer patients undergoing surgery. This has the potential to negatively affect the quality of life of this patient population with chronic postsurgical pain. The study is a randomized controlled trial of 200 patients with breast cancer who received pregabalin or placebo for 1 week at the time of elective breast surgery. The incidence of PMPS was significantly lower in the pregabalin group (P &lt; .001, relative risk: 0.26, 95% CI: 0.12–0.56). In addition, this study demonstrated that the use of perioperative pregabalin significantly lowered the incidence of neuropathic pain measured by the Grading System for Neuropathic Pain and pain intensity measured by a visual analog scale at 4, 12, and 24 weeks. Therefore, the use of perioperative oral pregabalin could reduce the frequency of PMPS.
Morphine for Chronic Breathlessness
Authors: Rohlfing Anne , Widera Eric 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Data is limited for long-acting opioids in the management of chronic, severe breathlessness, although it remains a common and distressing symptom for patients with serious illness. This chapter explores a multicenter, randomized, double-blinded trial comparing 1 week of low-dose sustained-release morphine versus placebo for patients with chronic, moderate to severe breathlessness. While no effect was found on breathlessness scores, overall the low dose was well tolerated without serious adverse consequences. Furthermore, the use of immediate-release opioids as needed in both the control and intervention groups, as well the inclusion of patients with moderate dyspnea, potentially contributed to the lack of effect on breathlessness in this trial.
Hyoscine Butylbromide for the Management of Death Rattle
Authors: Schack Elizabeth , Capano Elizabeth 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This study by Mercadante et al. introduces a new paradigm of treating death rattle with anticholinergics prophylactically. The investigators suggest that providers invoke the rationale of the anticholinergic’s mechanism of action with the intent of maximizing its efficacy and preemptively treating the death rattle, one of the most distressing signs of dying. The investigators randomize actively dying patients from 2 Italian hospice locations into 2 study groups. Group 1 includes the patients designated to receive the traditional use of an anticholinergic, in this case hyoscine butylbromide (HB), once they are actively showing signs of death rattle. Group 1 patients who do not have death rattle symptoms do not receive HB. In Group 2, the patients receive HB prophylactically. The results of the study show that the prophylactic use of HB is an efficient practice in the prevention of death rattle. In addition, the study confirms that the late administration of HB reveals a limited response, confirming previous studies using anticholinergics for the same purpose.
Management of Intractable Hiccups
Authors: Mehta Ambereen K. , Wu David S. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This small, double-blind, randomized, controlled, crossover study suggested that baclofen reduced the severity of hiccup periods but did not decrease the actual number of hiccups. This study is significantly limited by its small participant number. Also, the underlying cause of hiccups is not reported, which limits generalizability. A paucity of strong evidence exists to guide treatment decisions for intractable hiccups.
Headache
Authors: Kernick David , Goadsby Peter J. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This is a practical resource dealing with the diagnosis and management of common and rare headache types. It is edited by a general practitioner and an academic neurologist and will be of value to all those who work in headache at all clinical levels. The book is published under the auspices of the British Association for the Study of Headache (BASH), an organization of practitioners and scientists whose aim is to reduce the burden of headache through education and research.
Trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias, including cluster headache
Authors: Matharu Manjit 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias (TACs) are a group of primary headache disorders characterized by unilateral head pain that occurs in association with ipsilateral cranial autonomic features. They include cluster headache; paroxysmal hemicrania; short-lasting, unilateral, neuralgiform headache attacks (SUNHA); and hemicrania continua. This chapter describes the diagnosis, investigation, and management of these invariably disabling conditions.
Building your psychotherapy skills
Authors: Rinaldi Matthew 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Enactments are inevitable and tricky, but they are also insightful moments in psychodynamic psychotherapy. This chapter explores how the unconscious can enter into the room via an enactment and how a psychodynamic therapist may consider responding to these to most benefit the patient by pausing, drawing attention to the enactment, and then reflecting further in supervision. The spectrum of enactments is considered, as well as the difference between ‘acting in’ and ‘acting out’. The role of supervision is discussed as a third point from which to consider mutually unconscious experiences between the therapist and patient.
Building your psychotherapy skills
Authors: Rinaldi Matthew 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Although countertransference is a cornerstone of psychodynamic psychotherapy, it can take time to learn how to recognize one’s own countertransference in-session. This chapter breaks down some of the barriers to trainees becoming attuned, empathic practitioners. By returning to the basics of affect recognition, and particularly focusing on this at the start of a session, the trainee can become more attuned to the emotionally salient aspect of a session. This may include one of the common types of countertransference, including positive/negative, empathic, dystonic, sexualized, defensive countertransferences, or overidentification which are explained in greater detail. The underlying mechanisms of projection and projective identification are described. The initial stages of digesting the experience through reverie and containment are outlined.
Building your psychotherapy skills
Authors: Rinaldi Matthew 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Progress in psychodynamic psychotherapy is complicated. In this chapter, it is compared and contrasted with the dose–response relationship and the more appropriate concepts of circumambulation and working through are offered. Parallels are drawn between anxiety changes over the course of a session and over the course of a year. It also explains how a trainee might manage crises in a therapy, in firstly a practically helpful, safe, and later psychodynamic way.
Building your psychotherapy skills
Authors: Rinaldi Matthew 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter outlines the importance of the ending in psychodynamic psychotherapy, especially the lessons that the patient can take away about how they say goodbye, experience abandonment, work through previous losses, and prepare for their next steps in recovery. There may be a temptation to change one’s therapeutic style, perhaps due to the patient’s acting out or regression. However, the more analytic and neutral one can remain, the more insight the patient will gain into how they say goodbye. The effect of the therapy can pervade into the writing of the discharge summary, which becomes its own process of grief for the therapy and suggestions are given on how to approach this piece of writing.
A Stuart Musician’s Conversion to Catholicism: Richard Dering and the Venerable English College, Rome
Authors: Mailes Alana , Whitehead Maurice 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT
The English organist and composer Richard Dering (c.1580–1630) is recognized today for his key role in the transmission of Italian musical styles to Seicento Britain. His early seventeenth-century travels and contacts made throughout the Italian peninsula led him to work in the Low Countries before he eventually returned to England as a prominent Stuart court musician. This article presents several new archival findings on Dering’s transnational musical career, conversion to Catholicism, and sojourn in Italy, where he was employed for his musical services at the Venerable English College in Rome. There, covertly monitored by English diplomatic agents, Dering composed music and became ensconced within the city’s English and Welsh Catholic community. We consider the possible liturgical functions of Dering’s Latin motet repertories at the college and elsewhere in early modern Rome. Our re-examination of his social and familial connections also reveals the likely source of Dering’s later patronage in Brussels.
Optical investigation of supernova remnant G206.7+5.9
Authors: Bakış H , Aktekin E , Bakış V , Sano H , Sezer A 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT
The shell-type supernova remnant (SNR) G206.7+5.9 was recently discovered in the radio band with the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Radio Telescope. The remnant spans about 3.5° in diameter and exhibits bilateral shells. In this work, we present optical spectra of G206.7+5.9 with the Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope (LAMOST), and narrow-band (${\rm H} \, \alpha$ and [S ii]) images with the 1-m T100 telescope. The filamentary structure seen in the ${\rm H} \, \alpha$ image shows a clear correlation with the radio emission. We use optical line ratios to determine the physical parameters of G206.7+5.9. The LAMOST spectra reveal large ratios of [S ii]/${\rm H} \, \alpha$$\sim$ (0.61–1.78) and [N ii]/${\rm H} \, \alpha$$\sim$ (0.63–1.92) consistent with that expected for a shock-heated SNR. The emission lines [O i] $\lambda \lambda$6300, 6363 detected in the spectra also support the presence of shocks. Electron density ($n_{\rm e}$) measurements based on the [S ii] $\lambda$6716/$\lambda$6731 ratio suggest densities between 117 and 597 cm−3. We estimate the pre-shock cloud density ($n_{\rm c}$) to be approximately 2.6–13.3 cm−3. We also investigate the archival H i data and have newly identified an expanding gas motion of the H i, whose velocity span is approximately 10 km s−1. We conclude that G206.7+5.9 is an SNR exhibiting properties remarkably similar to those seen in Galactic SNRs.
Direct repeat region 3′ end modifications regulate Cas12a activity and expand its applications
Authors: Zhang Wei , Zhong Yinyin , Wang Jiaqi , Zou Guangrong , Chen Qiaozhen , Liu Chaoxing 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
CRISPR-Cas12a technology has transformative potential, but as its applications grow, enhancing its inherent functionalities is essential to meet diverse demands. Here, we reveal a regulatory mechanism for LbCas12a through direct repeat (DR) region 3′ end modifications and de-modifications, which can regulate LbCas12a’s cis- and trans-cleavage activities. We extensively explored the effects of introducing phosphorylation, DNA, photo-cleavable linker, DNA modifications at the DR 3′ end on LbCas12a’s functionality. We find that the temporary inhibitory function of Cas12a can be reactivated by DR 3′ end modification corresponding substances, such as alkaline phosphatase (ALP), immunoglobulin G (IgG), alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), DNA exonucleases, ultraviolet radiation, and DNA glycosylases, which greatly expand the scope of application of Cas12a. Clinical applications demonstrated promising results in ALP, AFP, and trace Epstein–Barr virus detection compared to gold standard methods. Our research provides valuable insights into regulating LbCas12a activity through direct modification of DR and significantly expands its potential clinical detection targets, paving the way for future universal clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) diagnostic strategies.
G-quadruplex structures in 16S rRNA regions correlate with thermal adaptation in prokaryotes
Authors: Lyu Bo , Niu Kangkang , Anderson Deborah , Feng Qili , Song Qisheng 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
G-quadruplex (G4) structure is a nucleic acid secondary structure formed by guanine-rich sequences, playing essential roles in various biological processes such as gene regulation and environmental stress adaptation. Although prokaryotes growing at high temperatures have higher GC contents, the pattern of G4 structure associated with GC content variation in thermal adaptation remains elusive. This study analyzed 681 bacterial genomes to explore the role of G4 structures in thermal adaptation. Our findings revealed a strong positive correlation between G4 patterns in the region encoding 16S rRNA genes and optimal growth temperatures (Topt), whereas genomic GC content and G4 patterns did not show significant correlations with Topt. Evolutionary analysis showed distinctive differences in G4 stability between Thermotoga (Topt ≥ 80°C) and Pseudothermotoga (60°C ≤ Topt &lt; 80°C) species, with Thermotoga species exhibiting higher G4 stability, indicating stronger selective pressure for G4 structures. In vitro spectroscopy analysis showed that base mutations at key sites resulted in the absence of G4 structural stability and integrity in Thermotoga compared to Pseudothermotoga. Collectively, this study suggests that the G4 structures in 16S rRNA regions emerged as key indicators of thermal adaptation in prokaryotes and contributes to our understanding of the molecular basis of evolutionary adaptation.
Early events in G-quadruplex folding captured by time-resolved small-angle X-ray scattering
Authors: Monsen Robert C , Sabo T Michael , Gray Robert , Hopkins Jesse B , Chaires Jonathan B 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Time-resolved small-angle X-ray experiments are reported here that capture and quantify a previously unknown rapid collapse of the unfolded oligonucleotide as an early step in the folding of hybrid 1 and hybrid 2 telomeric G-quadruplex structures. The rapid collapse, initiated by a pH jump, is characterized by an exponential decrease in the radius of gyration from 24.3 to 12.6 Å. The collapse is monophasic and is complete in &lt;600 ms. Additional hand-mixing pH-jump kinetic studies show that slower kinetic steps follow the collapse. The folded and unfolded states at equilibrium were further characterized by SAXS studies and other biophysical tools, showing that G4 unfolding was complete at alkaline pH, but not in LiCl solution as is often claimed. The SAXS Ensemble Optimization Method analysis reveals models of the unfolded state as a dynamic ensemble of flexible oligonucleotide chains with a variety of transient hairpin structures. These results suggest a G4 folding pathway in which a rapid collapse, analogous to molten globule formation seen in proteins, is followed by a confined conformational search within the collapsed particle to form the native contacts ultimately found in the stable folded form.
Identification of an enzyme with strong single-stranded DNA ligation activity and its application for sequencing
Authors: Miura Fumihito , Shibata Yukiko , Miura Miki , Inatomi Kazune , Suzuki Yutaka , Ito Takashi 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
An enzyme with strong single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) ligation activity would be advantageous for many molecular biology applications. However, currently available enzymes exhibit only limited activity. Here, we identified an enzyme with strong ssDNA ligation activity upon searching the databases for proteins homologous to TS2126 RNA ligase, the known enzyme with the highest yet limited ssDNA ligation activity. A ligase from Thermus phage phiLo (GenBank: AYJ73970) or Tph ssDNA ligase (SDL) depicted higher ssDNA ligation activity than TS2126 RNA ligase. This study suggests that SDL could be useful for various applications including sequencing for library preparation.