bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
VACUUM EXTRACTION INITIATED DURING THE FIRS STAGE OF LABOUR
Authors: Chalmers J. A. , Prakash A. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA series of 201 cases delivered at Worcester Royal Infirmary with the vacuum extractor in which intervention was begun before full dilatation of the cervix has been analyzed. Successful delivery was achieved with the ventouse alone in 174 cases (86·8 per cent). In almost half of the remainder, Caesarean section was required because of cephalo‐pelvic disproportion which was not evident when delivery was undertaken. The results for mother and child were satisfactory in that there were only three stillbirths and no neonatal deaths. There was no serious maternal or fetal morbidity.
HUMAN CHORIONIC SOMATOMAMMOTROPHIN RADIOIMMUNOASSAY IN EVALUATION OF PLACENTAL FUNCTION
Authors: Genazzani A. R. , Cocola F. , Casoli M. , Mello G. , Scarselli G. , Neri P. , Fioretti P. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryIn order to investigate the use of radioimmunoassay of human chorionic somato‐mammotrophin (HCS) for the evaluation of the placenta function, 502 pregnant women (660 assays) were examined. The patients were divided into groups: normal pregnancy, commencement of labour, threatened abortion, impending abortion, rhesus isosensitization, placenta praevia, diabetes, premature labour, pre‐eclampsia, intrauterine fetal death, twins, large and small‐for‐babies, obesity, and prolonged pregnancy with or without fetal postmaturity or chronic fetal distress.The results obtained sustain the clinical application of HCS radioimmunoassay as an index of placental function in cases of physiological and pathological pregnancies.
FURTHER STUDIES IN THE ASSESSMENT OF GESTATIONAL AGE BY AMNIOTIC FLUID ANALYSIS
Authors: Donnai P. , Gordon H. , Harris Dorothy A. , Hughes Elizabeth A. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryGestational age was assessed by measurement of the liquor amnii creatinine concentration in 65 normal pregnancies and in 33 pregnancies where rhesus iso‐immunization was suspected or had occurred. A total of 154 creatinine estimations were performed. The gestational age was also assessed by amniotic fluid cytology in 60 of these cases. Comparison of the results suggests that fetal maturity of more than 36 weeks is associated with a creatinine concentration in excess of 1·7 mg. per cent or an orange‐staining cell count in excess of 10 per cent. When the orange‐staining cell count was less than 10 per cent then creatinine estimation was found to improve the accuracy of prediction of fetal maturity.
THE TREATMENT OF KETOSIS IN LABOUR
Authors: Inman Stephen E. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryFifty patients who developed ketosis in labour were investigated and five different methods of treatment assessed. The clinical results and biochemical values were compared with those of a group of patients with non‐ketotic labours. It was concluded that few patients with ketonuria in labour are dehydrated, acidaemic or hypoglycaemic.
THE ULTRASTRUCTURE OF MOLAR TROPHOBLAST
Authors: Fox H. , Kharkongor N. F. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe ultrastructure of villous trophoblast from two cases of hydatidiform mole is described. The principal abnormalities seen in molar trophoblast were an accumulation of transport lipid, dilatation of the endoplasmic reticulum and perinuclear spaces and the formation of cytoplasmic “lagoons”. Some of the mitochrondria were enlarged and abnormal.It is suggested that molar syncytiotrophoblast is well differentiated and functionally active but that there is a failure of trophoblastic transport mechanisms. It is possible that there is an unduly rapid maturation and differentiation of cytotrophoblastic cells. It is also suggested that the ultrastructural appearances of molar trophoblast favour a hyperplastic rather than a neoplastic change within this tissue.
CRYOSURGERY FOR BENIGN DISEASE OF THE CERVIX
Authors: Townsend Duane E. , Ostergard Donald R. , Lickrish Gordon M. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThree hundred and two patients with benign disease of the uterine cervix were treated by cryosurgery. Liquid nitrogen, liquid Freon or carbon dioxide gas delivered through special cervical probes were used as refrigerants. Treatment was performed in the out‐patient clinic without anaesthesia or analgesia. Little discomfort was noted by the patients and there were no serious complications. A single treatment was effective in eradicating the disease in 85 per cent of the patients. The results show that cryosurgery is more effective than hot cauterization with fewer complications. With the advent of this technique conization of the cervix should seldom be necessary for benign disease of the cervix.
THE EXCRETION OF FOLATE IN PREGNANCY
Authors: Landon M. J. , Hytten F. E. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe serial estimation of 24‐hour urinary folate activity in eight healthy pregnant women showed that significantly more folate was excreted during pregnancy than at six weeks after delivery.It is suggested that variations in renal tubular function are responsible for the increased losses and the significance of this additional drain on maternal folate supplies is discussed.
NEUTROPHIL HYPERSEGMENTATION AND DEFECTIVE FOLATE METABOLISM IN PREGNANCY
Authors: Hibbard Bryan M. , Hibbard Elizabeth D. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryAn increase in the proportion of hypersegmented neutrophils (the neutrophil lobe index) in the peripheral blood, shows a close correlation with the finding of megaloblastic erythropoiesis in bone marrow.In pregnant patients these changes are most likely to be due to folate depletion but altered folate metabolism, as judged by biochemical evidence, does not always result in morphological changes. Neither low vitamin B12 levels nor iron deficiency have a significant influence on neutrophil morphology during pregnancy.Assessment of the neutrophil lobe index is a simple procedure and is applicable when more comprehensive laboratory facilities are not available. The investigation is of value in elucidating the cause of anaemia in pregnancy but cannot be regarded as a satisfactory screening test to detect patients with early or minor degrees of folate deficiency.
THYROID‐STIMULATING HORMONE IN SERUM OF MOTHER AND NEWBORN AT BIRTH
Authors: Dokumov Stoyan I. , Milanov Stefan Ch. , Trepetshov Stefan P. 
Published: August 2005

SummarySerum thyroid‐stimulating hormone (TSH) was assayed by the radio‐biological method of Querido et al. (1953) in 50 pairs of mothers and newborn infants. As a control 20 healthy, non‐pregnant women were examined. Compared to that of normal, non‐pregnant women the maternal serum TSH concentration was raised. The serum TSH level of the newborn immediately after delivery was about half that of healthy, non‐pregnant women and much reduced in comparison with that of the mother in labour. From these results it was concluded that maternal TSH does not pass through the placental barrier. The development and function of the fetal thyroid depend on TSH stimulation from the fetal pituitary and are unrelated to maternal pituitary stimulation.
INDUCTION OF A MIDCYCLE‐LIKE PEAK OF LUTEINIZING HORMONE IN YOUNG WOMEN BY EXOGENOUS OESTRADIOL‐17β
Authors: Nillius Sven Johan , Wide Leif 
Published: August 2005

SummaryOestradiol‐17β, given intramuscularly in a dose of 1 mg., was found to increase the serum level of luteinizing hormone (LH) but not of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) in eight women 48 to 72 hours after the administration. This increase of LH was preceded by a decrease in the serum levels of both FSH and LH. When 5 or 10 mg. of progesterone was administered five days after the injection of oestradiol‐17β, a second increase of LH was observed in two of four women. These results suggest that changes in the ovarian secretion of both oestradiol‐17β and progesterone may be of importance for the appearance of the midcycle surge of LH in women.
THE OXYTOCIC EFFECT OF ACRIDINE DYES AND THEIR USE IN TERMINATING MID‐TRIMESTER PREGNANCIES
Authors: Lewis B. V. , Pybus A. , Stilwell J. H. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe oxytocic effect of an acridine dye, aminacrine hydrochloride, has been investigated on isolated strips of myometrium from pregnant and non‐pregnant human uteri. Contractions were induced when the muscle strips were perfused with an aqueous solution of aminacrine at a concentration of 10–5–10–4M. 50 ml. of an 0.1 per cent solution of aminacrine was introduced into the extra‐amniotic space in 23 women in order to induce therapeutic abortion in the mid‐trimester. All the patients aborted after a mean induction delivery interval of 59 hours. Most patients required a pitocin infusion to complete the abortion. The incidence of side effects and infection was minimal. The plasma and urinary levels of the dye were measured and found to be very low.It is concluded that the extra‐amniotic injection of aminacrine is a safe, easy and effective method of terminating mid‐trimester pregnancies.
PRECOCIOUS PUBERTY WITH MASCULINIZATION DUE TO TERATO‐CHORIO‐GONADOBLASTOMA
Authors: Drobnjak P. , Damjanov I. , Grizelj V. , Kalafatic Zrinka , Longhino Neda 
Published: August 2005

SummaryPrecocious puberty with signs of masculinization and elevation of choriogonadotrophic activity in a girl 7½ years old was found to be due to a hormonally active ovarian tumour. The tumour was composed of germ cells, Leydig cells, Sertoli granulosa‐like cells, trophoblastic and teratoid portions, and was therefore, termed a terato‐chorio‐gonadoblastoma. Hormonal data were correlated with the histological and ultrastructural findings. This unusual tumour caused precocious puberty coupled with virilization and high choriogonadotrophic activity in a girl 7½ years old.
HUMAN CHORIONIC SOMATOMAMMOTROPHIN (HCS): A NEW INDEX OF PLACENTAL FUNCTION*
Authors: Teoh Eng Soon , Spellacy William N. , Buhi William C. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA simple, accurate and reproducible radio‐immunosorbent technique has been developed to measure serum concentrations of chorionic somatomammotrophin (HCS). It appears to fulfil all the criteria for a good placental function test. The syncytiotrophoblast is the sole source of the hormone. It is easily measured in the serum from the 6th week until delivery. There is no circadian rhythm and the serum level is unaffected by stress or metabolic changes. It has a short half‐life of 20 minutes. The serum HCS levels mirror the curve of fetal growth increment and low serum HCS concentrations were present in hypertensive disease of pregnancy. There appears to be a definite fetal danger zone separating normal from abnormal values. In cases of fetal death in hypertensive disease of pregnancy the serial serum HCS readings entered this zone before fetal demise. Serum HCS estimation was not helpful in diabetes nor in rhesus sensitization.
A COMPARISON OF SERUM HEAT STABLE ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE AND URINARY OESTROGEN EXCRETION IN THE MOTHER AS PLACENTAL FUNCTION TESTS
Authors: Curzen Peter , Varma Rashmi 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe serum heat stable alkaline phosphatase (HSAP) was assayed using strict criteria to measure only the placental iso‐enzymes in a group of normal pregnant women in order to establish the normal range. One hundred patients with complica‐tions of pregnancy had paired serum HSAP and urinary oestrogen assays performed serially. Serum HSAP determinations were found to be of no use in predicting fetal distress, the Apgar score at birth, or fetal dysmaturity. Serial assays of urinary oestrogen output enabled dysmaturity to be correctly predicted in 72.4 per cent of cases, but there was also an incidence of 21.1 per cent false positive predictions. Urinary oestrogen assays were less reliable in predicting fetal distress or a low
THE ORIGIN OF HEAT‐STABLE PLACENTAL ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE
Authors: Watkins Wayne B. , Anderson Sheridah R. A. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe relative volume of trophoblast and the heat‐stable alkaline phosphatase activity were determined in normal and pre‐eclamptic placentae. The enzyme levels were lower in the pre‐eclamptic than in the normal placentae and there was a significant correlation between these levels and the proportion of the trophoblastic tissue. It is concluded that human placental heat‐stable alkaline phosphatase originates from the trophoblast.
CHANGES IN LEVELS OF SERUM NON‐ESTERIFIED FATTY ACID AND BLOOD GLUCOSE IN PREGNANCY
Authors: Fairweather D. V. I. 
Published: August 2005

SummarySerial studies of blood glucose and serum non‐esterified fatty acid (NEFA) levels from the sixth week of gestation to term in normal pregnancies are reported and correlated with (previously reported) levels of HPL from the same patients. The lowering of blood glucose concentration and the rise of NEFA concentration with advancing gestation are confirmed. High values of blood glucose were associated with low NEFA levels, and high values of NEFA with high values of placental lactogen (HPL). There was no correlation between glucose and HPL levels.
CHOLINERGIC MECHANISMS IN THE HUMAN UTERUS
Authors: Nakanishi H. , Wood Carl 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe intrinsic cholinergic nerve supply of the human myometrium was studied by using electrical transmural stimulation and was found to be postganglionic and minimal. The pharmacological findings indicated that the human nonpregnant myometrium possessed sensitive cholinergic muscarinic receptors, but during pregnancy the sensitivity of the muscarinic receptors was markedly reduced. These results support our hypothesis that the human pregnant myometrium is protected from autonomic influence.
INTRAPERITONEAL LOW MOLECULAR DEXTRAN IN TUBAL SURGERY
Authors: Polishuk W. Z. , Bercovici B. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryTuboplastic operations were performed in sixty consecutive cases of tubal factor sterility. These operations comprised 23 of salpingolysis, 30 of salpingostomy, 7 of tubo‐uterine implantation, and 2 of end‐to‐end anastomosis. The patency rate in the first group was 78 per cent with a 30 per cent pregnancy rate. In the other three types, patency rated 57 per cent while the pregnancy rate was 10 per cent. The selection of cases for surgery and the advisability of repeat tuboplasty are discussed. The chances of success may be improved by the use of intraperitoneal low molecular dextran at operation.
COELIAC DISEASE PRESENTING AS RECURRENT ABORTION
Authors: Joske R. A. , Martin J. D. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryTwo patients are described in whom investigation of recurrent abortion in the first trimester led to a diagnosis of coeliac disease. It is suggested that the diagnosis of an organic malabsorption syndrome with folate deficiency be considered in such patients, as well as the more frequent dietetic folate deficiency.
THE EXCRETION OF GLUCOSE DURING NORMAL PREGNANCY
Authors: Lind T. , Hytten F. E. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThirty healthy pregnant women took part in a serial study in which they collected 24‐hour samples of urine for the estimation of glucose excretion at least 8 times during pregnancy and again post partum; for one week before the collection they tested their urine with “Clinistix” each time they passed it. Ten of the women showed no obviously increased glucose excretion during pregnancy. The other twenty excreted glucose in above normal amounts but with great variation both from subject to subject and in the same subject. The pattern of excretion shown by “Clinistix” was one of intermittent glycosuria. Days and groups of days in which glycosuria was the rule were separated by similar periods without it. The value of routine urine testing for glucose in pregnancy is questioned.
ESTIMATION OF ANTIBODY PROTEIN IN AMNIOTIC FLUID TO PREDICT SEVERITY IN RHESUS HAEMOLYTIC DISEASE
Authors: Fraser I. D. , Tovey G. H. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryUsing rhesus antibody quantitation in amniotic fluid samples as a supplement to Liley's spectrophotometric method, the accuracy of prediction of severity of rhesus haemolytic disease has been improved from 77 to 90 per cent. When the antibody protein level was less than 0.2 μg. per ml. the cord blood haemoglobin value was more than 11.0 g. per 100 ml. However, when the antibody protein value was greater than 0.6 μg. per ml. the cord blood haemoglobin level was less than 8.0 g. per 100 ml. In 32 of 34 rhesus (D) negative babies the amniotic fluid contained neglible amounts of anti‐D.
FACTORS AFFECTING MYOMETRIAL ACTIVITY DURING PREGNANCY
Authors: Brummer Hilary C. , Collins William P. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe relationship between the concentration of progesterone in peripheral venous plasma and in strips of myometrial tissue from 17 pregnant women has been studied. In addition, the sensitivity of 39 myometrial strips to various stimulants was examined by an in vitro technique. The responses were assessed in relation to the endogenous levels of progesterone, length of gestation, and parity of the subject. The results indicate that although the levels of progesterone in both peripheral venous plasma and myometrium rise during pregnancy there is no apparent correlation between the two. Myometrial sensitivity to Syntocinon and prostaglandins E1 and E2 is not dependent upon the level of progesterone in either the myometrium or peripheral venous plasma. Myometrial strips removed at term from multigravidae were more responsive to these drugs than those from primigravidae, but during the second trimester there was no statistically significant difference between the two.
HAEMATOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND MENSTRUAL BLOOD LOSSES
Authors: Cole Susan K. , Thomson A. M. , Billewicz W. Z. , Black Alison E. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryIn women of reproductive age in a Northumbrian mining village, there was a weak inverse relationship between the amount of blood lost at menstruation and various haematological indices. In those who had not recently taken iron medicines this relationship was more pronounced: the greater the loss, the lower the indices. Against expectation, however, this negative association was as strong at low as at high levels of menstrual loss. It is concluded that, within the range experienced in this community, the association between menstrual losses and haematological indices is not likely to be due to iron depletion.
ENDOMETRIAL CYSTIC GLANDULAR HYPERPLASIA IN ADOLESCENT GIRLS
Authors: Fraser Ian S. , Baird David T. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe occurrence of cystic glandular hyperplasia of the endometrium in adolescent girls has been reviewed. This condition has been diagnosed much less frequently in the South‐Eastern Region of Scotland than in previously reported series. Only 5.3 cases per year were diagnosed in a population of 1 100 000 in a ten‐year period. This represented 4.0 per cent of all cases of abnormal uterine bleeding requiring curettage in adolescent girls in the region, and 1.9 per cent of cases of cystic glandular hyperplasia from all age groups. Mild hyperplastic changes were found almost as frequently as the more classical “Swiss‐cheese” cystic glandular hyperplasia. Patients showing more marked hyperplastic changes had a worse prognosis than those who only showed mild changes, in particular a high incidence of persistent menstrual abnormalities, repeated curettage, repeated hormone therapy, primary infertility and possible polycystic ovarian disease. The implications of the finding of cystic glandular hyperplasia in adolescent girls have been discussed.
THE EFFECT OF METHYL CYANOACRYLATE TISSUE ADHESIVE ON THE HUMAN FALLOPIAN TUBE AND ENDOMETRIUM
Authors: Stevenson T. C. , Taylor D. S. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryWhen the liquid tissue adhesive methyl‐2‐cyanoacrylate polymerized on the endometrium and Fallopian tube lining a temporary localized histotoxic effect was produced. The toxicity was confined to the superficial layers of cells which underwent round cell infiltration followed by fibrous tissue replacement with loss of the original epithelium. The thickness of secretory endometrium prevented damage to the basal layers and allowed the endometrium to regenerate. The basal layers of proliferative endometrium were involved in the inflammation and the endometrium did not regenerate. In the Fallopian tube the lining epithelium was permanently lost at all stages of the menstrual cycle and the tube lumen was obliterated. The polymer was eliminated from the genital tract within 16 weeks. The authors suggest that the transcervical technique of instillation described here may be developed (a) to control persistent menorrhagia, and (b) to offer a method of permanent sterilization in women comparable in ease to the insertion of an intrauterine contraceptive device.
ANTIBODY PROTEIN LEVELS IN THE MATERNAL SERUM IN RHESUS ISO‐IMMUNIZATION
Authors: Fraser I. D. , Tovey G. H. , Lockyer W. J. , Sobey D. F. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryAutomated serum antibody protein estimations proved to be a reliable index of the need for amniocentesis in expectant mothers with rhesus antibodies. In those who develop rhesus antibodies for the first time, amniotic fluid examination is indicated if the antibody protein value in the serum reaches 1.5 μg per ml. or more before 35 weeks of gestation. Using this technique instead of manual indirect antiglobulin tests the proportion of mothers requiring amniocentesis fell from 45 to 35 per cent. When a previous baby has been affected amniocentesis is indicated if the antibody protein level reaches 1.0 μg per ml. or more before 35 weeks of gestation. In this group of patients the replacement of manual by automated techniques decreased the proportion of mothers requiring amniocentesis from 56 to 51 per cent. There was a good correlation between the maternal serum antibody protein level and the degree of haemolytic disease in the newborn baby. In 2 of the 600 pregnancies studied the maternal serum contained a bromelin inhibitor; prior treatment of the test cells with bromelin overcame the problem that this inhibitor caused.
THE EFFECT OF DEXAMETHASONE ON THE EXCRETION OF MATERNAL URINARY STEROIDS IN PREGNANCIES WITH ANENCEPHALIC FETUSES
Authors: Chattoraj Sati C. , Pinkus Jack L. , Stronge John A. , Turner Adrian K. , Charles David 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe urinary excretions of oestriol, total 17‐oxosteroids and pregnanediol were studied before, during and after the administration of dexamethasone in 14 pregnancies in which the fetus was anencephalic. While the excretion of oestriol in all patients decreased significantly during therapy no consistent alteration was observed either for total 17‐oxosteroids or pregnanediol. In eight of these patients fractionation of oestrogens and 11‐deoxy‐17‐oxosteroids was carried out. A consistent and significant decrease in values of oestrone, oestriol and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHA) was observed. The effect of dexamethasone on the excretion of oestradiol‐17β and the 17‐oxosteroids, androsterone and aetiocholanolone was insignificant.
IMPAIRMENT OF INTRAUTERINE GROWTH‐ EARLY WARNING BY CERVICAL MUCUS FERNING
Authors: Macdonald R. R. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryPatients considered to be at extra risk of fetal loss because of previous history were assessed throughout pregnancy for hormone deficiency by cervical mucus smears, vaginal cytology and total oestrogen excretion. There was a significantly higher incidence of light‐for‐dates babies when cervical mucus ferning was noted early in pregnancy and persisted or recurred after 16 weeks. Early detection of‘placental insufficiency’by ferning in the mucus would allow closer study of the factors which impair intrauterine growth.
PATHWAYS OF WATER EXCHANGE IN THE FETOPLACENTAL UNIT AT MID‐PREGNANCY
Authors: Abramovich D. R. , Page K. R. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe pathways of water exchange between liquor amnii and the fetoplacental unit were examined in vivo in pregnancies of 14 to 22 weeks’gestation. Fetal skin permeability appears to decrease with increasing fetal size while the umbilical cord becomes an increasingly important site from 18 weeks. The fetal surface of the placenta appears to be important as a site of water exchange.