bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prostate‐specific membrane antigen positron emission tomography in addition to multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging and biopsies to select prostate cancer patients for focal therapy
Authors: Geboers Bart , Meijer Dennie , Counter William , Blazevski Alexandar , Thompson James , Doan Paul , Gondoputro William , Katelaris Athos , Haynes Anne‐Maree , Delprado Warick , O'Neill Gordon , Yuen Carlo , Vis Andre N. , van Leeuwen Pim J. , Ho Bao , Liu Victor , Lee Jonathan , Donswijk Maarten L. , Oprea‐Lager Daniela , Scheltema Matthijs J. , Emmett Louise , Stricker Phillip D. 
Published: October 2023

ObjectiveTo evaluate the additional value of prostate‐specific membrane antigen positron emission tomography (PSMA‐PET) to conventional diagnostic tools to select patients for hemi‐ablative focal therapy (FT).Patients and MethodsWe performed a retrospective analysis on a multicentre cohort (private and institutional) of 138 patients who underwent multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI), PSMA‐PET, and systematic biopsies prior to radical prostatectomy between January 2011 and July 2021. Patients were eligible when they met the consensus criteria for FT: PSA <15 ng/mL, clinical/radiological T stage ≤T2b, and International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) grade 2–3. Clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa) was defined as ISUP grade ≥2, extracapsular extension >0.5 mm or seminal vesicle involvement at final histopathology. The diagnostic accuracy of mpMRI, systematic biopsies and PSMA‐PET for csPCa (separate and combined) was calculated within a four‐quadrant prostate model by receiver‐operating characteristic and 2 × 2 contingency analysis. Additionally, we assessed whether the diagnostic tools correctly identified patients suitable for hemi‐ablative FT.ResultsIn total 552 prostate quadrants were analysed and 272 (49%) contained csPCa on final histopathology. The area under the curve, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value for csPCa were 0.79, 75%, 83%, 81% and 77%, respectively, for combined mpMRI and systematic biopsies, and improved after addition of PSMA‐PET to 0.84, 87%, 80%, 81% and 86%, respectively (P < 0.001). On final histopathology 46/138 patients (33%) were not suitable for hemi‐ablative FT. Addition of PSMA‐PET correctly identified 26/46 (57%) non‐suitable patients and resulted in 4/138 (3%) false‐positive exclusions.ConclusionsAddition of PSMA‐PET to the conventional work‐up by mpMRI and systematic biopsies could improve selection for hemi‐ablative FT and guide exclusion of patients for whom whole‐gland treatments might be a more suitable treatment option.
Risk aversion and favourite–longshot bias in a competitive fixed‐odds betting market
Authors: Whelan Karl 
Published: October 2023

AbstractResearch on sports betting has generally found a favourite–longshot bias: bets on longshots lose more than bets on favourites. Existing research focuses largely on pari‐mutuel betting, but favourite–longshot bias is also evident in fixed‐odds online betting markets of the type that are growing rapidly around the world. Explanations for this bias in previous work on pari‐mutuel markets cannot explain why it would be a feature of competitive fixed‐odds betting markets. We show how disagreement among gamblers and risk aversion on the part of bookmakers in a competitive market can produce a pattern of favourite–longshot bias resembling the empirical evidence.
Igniting growth surges: Lessons from the past
Authors: Atsebi Jean‐Marc B. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract‘What exactly’ can countries do to initiate an episode of growth surge? I identify 132 episodes of growth surges occurring between 1980 and 2010 in 117 countries. I find that disproportionate improvements in macroeconomic stability and external factors and endowments favour a higher probability of growth surge. They are followed by structural reforms, investments, labour and productivity, trade diversification and quality and, lastly, by institutions. Countries can maximize the likelihood of igniting growth surges if they jointly achieve significant improvements in macroeconomic stability and external conditions and endowments. Also, macroeconomic stability and to some extent, external factors and endowments may be considered as dominant strategies to ignite a growth surge, as no improvements in these determinants, generally constraint the other determinants to have a smaller effect on growth surges. There is a notable difference between decades, regions and levels of development, which calls for careful tailoring of policies aiming at igniting growth surges to local conditions.
How do tuition fee increases affect international mobility? The case of European Union students in England
Authors: Dias Lopes Alice , Mateos‐Gonzalez Jose Luis , Wakeling Paul 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis paper presents a descriptive analysis of the impact of tuition fee increases in England on the full‐degree mobility of undergraduate students from the European Union. First, we investigated whether the increase in tuition fees reduced the number of EU students in English higher education institutions. Our analysis shows that, on average, English universities suffered a sudden drop in EU enrolments in 2012/13 but recovered and then expanded their pre‐2012 enrolment levels in subsequent academic years. We observe that those English universities regarded as less prestigious experienced the sharpest decline and took longer to recover their pre‐2012 numbers. Second, we examined how changes in enrolment are associated with EU countries' macro‐level characteristics, using the push‐pull model framework. While there was a significant decrease in the number of students from Northern and Western European countries attending English universities after 2012, the tuition fee increase did not impact the number of students coming from Southern Europe. We found an association between EU countries' youth employment rates and higher education system characteristics with changes in enrolment in English universities. By examining the effect of changes in the tuition fee policy on international student mobility, our research provides new evidence on how tuition fee policies might change the behaviour of students.
Urbanization alters the spatiotemporal dynamics of plant–pollinator networks in a tropical megacity
Authors: Marcacci Gabriel , Westphal Catrin , Rao Vikas S. , Kumar S. Shabarish , Tharini K. B. , Belavadi Vasuki V. , Nölke Nils , Tscharntke Teja , Grass Ingo 
Published: October 2023

AbstractUrbanization is a major driver of biodiversity change but how it interacts with spatial and temporal gradients to influence the dynamics of plant–pollinator networks is poorly understood, especially in tropical urbanization hotspots. Here, we analysed the drivers of environmental, spatial and temporal turnover of plant–pollinator interactions (interaction β‐diversity) along an urbanization gradient in Bengaluru, a South Indian megacity. The compositional turnover of plant–pollinator interactions differed more between seasons and with local urbanization intensity than with spatial distance, suggesting that seasonality and environmental filtering were more important than dispersal limitation for explaining plant–pollinator interaction β‐diversity. Furthermore, urbanization amplified the seasonal dynamics of plant–pollinator interactions, with stronger temporal turnover in urban compared to rural sites, driven by greater turnover of native non‐crop plant species (not managed by people). Our study demonstrates that environmental, spatial and temporal gradients interact to shape the dynamics of plant–pollinator networks and urbanization can strongly amplify these dynamics.
Morphometric analysis to aid fisheries management of two threatened guitarfish species (Pseudobatos horkelii and Pseudobatos percellens)
Authors: Leite Renata Daldin , Freire Carolina Arruda , Wosnick Natascha 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis study aimed to provide data for fisheries management of two threatened guitarfish species, by using linear and geometric morphometric analyses. Linear morphometrics (LM) has limitations in determining minimum catch sizes, whereas geometric morphometrics offers a robust approach to quantifying body form variations with the potential to influence metrics set by legislation. Based on LM analysis, Pseudobatos horkelii were larger than Pseudobatos percellens. Based on geometric morphometric analysis body form differed between the two species, particularly in the head, disk, and posterior region. P. percellens were also sexual dimorphic in body form. Our findings provide valuable insights into permissible catch size limits of these threatened guitarfish and also contribute to improvement of fisheries management strategies where catch is still allowed. The study underscores the necessity of species‐specific and sex‐specific management directives to effectively ensure the population recovery of both guitarfish species.
Where we came from: continuing professional development for the 18th century physician and surgeon, the genesis of British medical societies
Authors: Short Bruce 
Published: October 2023

AbstractKeeping professionally up to date in 18th‐century Britain was not an easy undertaking. Learning on the job was insufficient for the further development of individual medical knowledge. The century witnessed the gradual growth of medical societies to provide a better education than that offered by university institutions. The Worshipful Society of Apothecaries of London in 1815 was empowered to licence and regulate medical practitioners, today's general practitioners. Societies were established in Edinburgh but not so many as around London, where a particularly successful education body was established in 1773, the prestigious Medical Society of London. In 1805 a breakaway group from the society formed an equally highly respected learned body, the Medical and Chirurgical Society of London, that became the nidus for the amalgamation of numerous specialist societies to form, in June 1907, the extant Royal Society of Medicine. By the end of the 18th century, the medical society had fostered professionalism, education and unification within diverse medical and scientific disciplines.
The use of belimumab in three cases of refractory lupus nephritis
Authors: Malaweera Aruni , Dayan Sukhpal , Pellicano Rebecca , Hoi Alberta , Kitching A Richard , Kent Joanna R. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn recent trials for the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), belimumab (BLM), in addition to standard immunosuppression, has been shown to improve renal and nonrenal outcomes. We report our experience using BLM in three cases of refractory lupus nephritis (LN), where renal remission was not achieved using cyclophosphamide, mycophenolate mofetil and other immunosuppressive medications. In two of the three cases, BLM therapy led to a partial remission of LN, improvement in serological markers of SLE and disease activity, which permitted a reduction in prednisolone dosing. Treatment with efficacious therapies early in the course of LN is a desirable therapeutic strategy, to achieve early remission of proteinuria and curtail the development of irreversible chronic renal damage. Further studies are needed to provide information on the effectiveness of BLM for maintenance of remission, prevention of flares and monitoring for long‐term complications of B‐cell modulation.
Transformation of investor attitude towards financial markets: A perspective on the Russia–Ukraine conflict
Authors: Chowdhury Emon Kalyan , Humaira Umme 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe ongoing conflict between Russia and Ukraine has significantly affected global financial markets, requiring investors to adapt their attitudes accordingly. This study aims to explore the transformation of investor attitudes towards financial markets within the context of the Russia–Ukraine conflict. By analysing monthly data spanning from January 2021 to March 2023, including Standard and Poor 500 index, Bitcoin historical price, gross national income, US consumer price index and investor attitude index, various models such as regression, the vector error correction model, generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity and the granger causality model are utilized. The findings reveal a noteworthy and positive impact of investor attitude on returns in both markets. Positive investor sentiment is linked to higher returns and enhanced market confidence. Particularly, investor attitude's influence is particularly pronounced during wartime, as global net income exerts a significant negative effect on both markets. These findings emphasize the necessity of evaluating the financial health of industrial companies prior to making investment decisions amidst periods of conflict. Furthermore, the results provide remarkable guidelines for policymakers and investors, underscoring the necessity of tracking the investor attitudes during wartime and acknowledging their potential impact on investment decision‐making in financial markets.
Pseudo‐single crystal growth of the entropy‐stabilized compound CoTi2O5: Microstructural evolution and kinetics
Authors: Zhang Junyan , Anderson Kevin P. , Rickman Jeffrey M. , Chan Helen M. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe solid‐state transformation behavior of cobalt dititanate (CoTi2O5) has been studied at different temperatures. The starting structure consisted of a duplex (1:1 molar) mixture of CoTiO3 and TiO2 grains. A seed layer of CoTi2O5 grains was incorporated at the upper surface of the green, precursor powder samples. Cobalt dititanate is a member of the pseudobrookite family (Cmcm, orthorhombic); it is an entropy‐stabilized compound, hence is stable only at elevated temperatures (T > 1140°C). It was observed that transformation initiated adjacent to the seed layer. First, a narrow layer of CoTi2O5 forms at the diphase boundaries, creating a 3‐D network that propagates at a constant velocity through the structure. The velocity of the reaction front follows an Arrhenius dependence on temperature. Both the rates of nucleation and growth increase with increasing temperature. At 1300°C, the velocity was estimated to be in excess of 10 mm/h. The progression of the reaction front was modelled based on a discontinuous template growth mechanism, with enhanced diffusion along the boundary between the product and reactant phases. The activation energy derived for boundary diffusion was 475 ± 69 kJ/mol. Behind the reaction front, the microstructure consists of a continuous matrix of CoTi2O5, with isolated remnant grains of CoTiO3 and TiO2. Further transformation occurs more slowly by solid‐state diffusion through the CoTi2O5 phase. Studies of the crystallographic orientation of the CoTi2O5 phase showed that it was pseudo‐ single crystal, with a preferred growth direction of [100]. The system exhibits novel features, which have not been reported previously for ceramic systems.
Gender differences in adult atopic dermatitis and clinical implication: Results from a nationwide multicentre study
Authors: Marani A. , Bianchelli T. , Gesuita R. , Faragalli A. , Foti C. , Malara G. , Micali G. , Amerio P. , Rongioletti F. , Corazza M. , Patrizi A. , Peris K. , Pimpinelli N. , Parodi A. , Fargnoli M. C. , Cannavo S. P. , Pigatto P. , Pellacani G. , Ferrucci S. M. , Argenziano G. , Cusano F. , Stingeni L. , Potenza M. C. , Romanelli M. , Bianchi L. , Offidani A. , Campanati A. ,   Collaborators
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundAtopic dermatitis (AD) is a common inflammatory skin disease that affects both children and adults. However, limited research has been conducted on gender differences in AD.ObjectivesThis study aimed to assess gender differences in adult AD patients, focusing on demographic and clinical features, comorbidities and treatment approaches.MethodsIn this multicentre, observational, cross‐sectional study, we enrolled 686 adult patients with AD (357 males and 329 females). For each patient, we collected demographic data (age and sex), anthropometric measurements (weight, height, hip circumference, waist circumference and waist‐to‐hip ratio), clinical information (onset age, disease duration, severity, itching intensity, impact on quality of life) and noted comorbidities (metabolic, atopic and other). We recorded past and current topical and systemic treatments. We analysed all collected data using statistical techniques appropriate for both quantitative and qualitative variables. Multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) was employed to evaluate the relationships among all clinical characteristics of the patients.ResultsWe found no differences in age at onset, disease duration, severity and quality of life impact between males and females. Males exhibited higher rates of hypertriglyceridaemia and hypertension. No significant gender differences were observed in atopic or other comorbidities. Treatment approaches were overlapping, except for greater methotrexate use in males. MCA revealed distinct patterns based on gender, disease severity, age of onset, treatment and quality of life. Adult males with AD had severe disease, extensive treatments and poorer quality of life, while adult females had milder disease, fewer treatments and moderate quality of life impact.ConclusionsOur study reveals that gender differences in adult AD patients are largely due to inherent population variations rather than disease‐related disparities. However, it highlights potential undertreatment of females with moderate AD and quality of life impact, emphasizing the need for equitable AD treatment. JAK inhibitors may offer a solution for gender‐based therapeutic parity.
Coin‐Op conspiracies: Nostalgia and moral panic in the video arcade
Authors: Hahn Eric 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe Polybius conspiracy theory has been featured in numerous contemporary pop cultural works from The Simpsons to Loki. The conspiracy theory suggests that a government created arcade cabinet was installed in numerous video arcades in the early 1980s as a means of experimenting on unsuspecting children. While the theory itself remains an outlandish and nostalgic remnant of 1980s culture, this paper traces the very real history of suburban border policing, classism, racism, and sensationalism that ultimately gave rise to the enduring myth of Polybius.
Rural‐urban differences in social and emotional protective factors and their association with child health and flourishing
Authors: Hardy Rose Y. , Boch Samantha J. , Davenport Mattina A. , Chavez Laura J. , Kelleher Kelly J. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundChildren in rural communities experience higher mortality rates and less access to health care services than those in urban communities. Protective factors like social support also vary by geography, but their contribution to differences in child health is understudied. Understanding geographic variation in protective health factors could provide insight into their impact on health and guide future intervention strategies.Research ObjectiveTo examine protective factors’ association with child flourishing and child health status in rural and urban communities.MethodsPublicly available data from the National Survey of Children's Health, 2018‐2021, with nonmissing geographic data (N = 150,493) were used to assess the relationship between protective factors and child flourishing and health by rurality. Multivariate survey‐weighted probit models examined these relationships, adjusting for child and caregiver characteristics.FindingsMore than a third of children were not flourishing, according to parental report. An estimated 62% of rural children were flourishing compared to 66% of urban children (P<0.001). Urban caregivers also were more likely to report better adult mental and physical health status. Nevertheless, rural children were reported to receive more social support than urban children, while their caregivers reported more emotional support and living in supportive and safe neighborhoods (P<0.001). Rural caregivers reported more support from places of worship and less from counselors/other mental health care providers than urban caregivers.ConclusionsDespite higher reported caregiver emotional support and child social support, fewer rural children are flourishing. Health systems and community organizations able to leverage these existing social and emotional protective factors in rural communities could help close this gap.
Quantitative characterizations of visual fibrousness in meat analogues using automated image analysis
Authors: Ma Yizhou , Schlangen Miek , Potappel Jelle , Zhang Lu , van der Goot Atze Jan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractA desirable quality of plant‐based meat analogues is to resemble the fibrous structure of cooked muscle meat. While texture analysis can characterize fibrous structures mechanically, assessment of visual fibrous structures remains subjective. Quantitative assessment of visual fibrous structures of meat analogues relies on expert knowledge, is resource‐intensive, and time‐consuming. In this study, a novel image‐based method (Fiberlyzer) is developed to provide automated, quantitative, and standardized assessment of visual fibrousness of meat analogues. The Fiberlyzer method segments fibrous regions from 2D images and extracts fiber shape features to characterize the fibrous structure of meat analogues made from mung bean, soy, and pea protein. The computed fiber scores (the ratio between fiber length and width) demonstrate a strong correlation with expert panel evaluations, particularly on a per‐formulation basis (r2 = 0.93). Additionally, the Fiberlyzer method generates fiber shape features including fiber score, fiber area, and the number of fiber branches, facilitating comparisons of structural similarity between meat analogue samples and cooked chicken meat as a benchmark. With a simple measurement setup and user‐friendly interface, the Fiberlyzer method can become a standard tool integrated into formulation development, quality control, and production routines of plant‐based meat analogue. This method offers rapid, cheap, and standardized quantification of visual fibrousness, minimizing the need for expert knowledge in the process of quality control.
Signals of differential introgression in the genome of natural hybrids of Caribbean anoles
Authors: Farleigh Keaka , Ascanio Alfredo , Farleigh Mackenzie E. , Schield Drew R. , Card Daren C. , Leal Manuel , Castoe Todd A. , Jezkova Tereza , Rodríguez‐Robles Javier A. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractHybridization facilitates recombination between divergent genetic lineages and can be shaped by both neutral and selective processes. Upon hybridization, loci with no net fitness effects introgress randomly from parental species into the genomes of hybrid individuals. Conversely, alleles from one parental species at some loci may provide a selective advantage to hybrids, resulting in patterns of introgression that do not conform to random expectations. We investigated genomic patterns of differential introgression in natural hybrids of two species of Caribbean anoles, Anolis pulchellus and A. krugi in Puerto Rico. Hybrids exhibit A. pulchellus phenotypes but possess A. krugi mitochondrial DNA, originated from multiple, independent hybridization events, and appear to have replaced pure A. pulchellus across a large area in western Puerto Rico. Combining genome‐wide SNP datasets with bioinformatic methods to identify signals of differential introgression in hybrids, we demonstrate that the genomes of hybrids are dominated by pulchellus‐derived alleles and show only 10%–20% A. krugi ancestry. The majority of A. krugi loci in hybrids exhibit a signal of non‐random differential introgression and include loci linked to genes involved in development and immune function. Three of these genes (delta like canonical notch ligand 1, jagged1 and notch receptor 1) affect cell differentiation and growth and interact with mitochondrial function. Our results suggest that differential non‐random introgression for a subset of loci may be driven by selection favouring the inheritance of compatible mitochondrial and nuclear‐encoded genes in hybrids.