bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New parasitoids of Paraphytomyza populi (Kltb.) (Diptera, Agromyzidae)  in Bulgaria
Authors: Georgiev G.Ts. , Boyadzhiev P. 
Published: March 2003

Abstract The parasitoid complex of Paraphytomyza populi (Kltb.) (Diptera: Agromyzidae) was studied in Sofia, Bulgaria in 1997. Poplar leaves with P. populi larvae and pupae were collected from poplar stump shoots and examined in a laboratory. As a result, eleven parasitoid species were established: Chorebus albipes (Haliday) (Hymenoptera, Braconidae), Pediobius metallicus (Nees), Danuviella subplana Erdos, Chrysocharis nephereus (Walker), Chrysocharis pubicornis (Zetterstedt), Diglyphus crassinervis Erdos, Diglyphus isaea (Walker), Diglyphus albiscapus Erdos, Cirrospilus diallus Walker, Cirrospilus pictus (Nees) (Hymenoptera, Eulophidae) and Elasmus sp. (Hymenoptera, Elasmidae). Six species (D. crassinervis, D. isaea, D. albiscapus, C. diallus, C. pictus and Elasmus sp.) have been recorded as new parasitoids of P. populi. The genus Danuviella was found for the first time in Bulgaria. Five species (C. albipes, P. metallicus, D. subplana, D. crassinervis and D. albiscapus) are new records for the fauna of the country. The total mortality of P. populi caused by parasitoids was 19.1 % and 49.0 % for the overwintering and the summer generations, respectively. P. metallicus was the most important in reducing the pest number.
Pymetrozine: Selectivity spectrum to beneficial arthropods and fitness for integrated pest management
Authors: Sechser B. , Reber B. , Bourgeois F. 
Published: March 2003

Abstract Pymetrozine is the first and only substance from the group of azomethine pyridines, a novel class of insecticides. The spectrum of activity covers sucking pests such as aphids, whiteflies and planthoppers.

Tests were carried out in the laboratory and under field conditions to evaluate its impact on beneficial arthropods.

In laboratory tests it demonstrated full selectivity against predaceous Coleoptera, Heteroptera, Neuroptera and the predatory mite Typhlodromus pyri. Following a single application at 250/200 g a.i./ha on cotton in Egypt and in the USA, the regular sampling of predators over a period of three weeks revealed a similar population development in the pymetrozine and the untreated control plots. On okra, a vegetable crop in Egypt, it suppressed populations of Aphis gossypii with two sprays at 100 g a.i./ha for the whole observation period of 23 days. It also allowed the survival of predators.

These positive features make pymetrozine an ideal component in situations where sucking pests have to be controlled and natural enemies can play a substantial role as complementary control tools.
Peroperative treatment with i.v. ketoprofen reduces pain and vomiting in children after strabismus surgery
Authors: Kokki H. , Homan E. , Tuovinen K. , Purhonen S. 
Published: March 2003

Background: Strabismus surgery is associated with both pain and vomiting. Ketoprofen is widely used in adults to treat acute pain, but there are only few reports of its use in children. This randomised, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, parallel group study was designed to investigate the analgesic effect of i.v. ketoprofen and its effect on the incidence of vomiting in children after day‐case strabismus surgery.Methods: Fifty‐nine ASA 1 children, aged 1–12 years, entered the study. After premedication with diazepam and glycopyrronium, anaesthesia was induced with fentanyl and propofol and maintained with isoflurane. After induction the children in the ketoprofen group received 1 mg kg−1 ketoprofen followed by an infusion of 1 mg kg−1 ketoprofen over 2 h. In the placebo group, children received 0.9% saline. The postoperative pain was assessed by the Maunuksela pain score (0=no pain, 10=worst possible pain). All children received fentanyl as a rescue analgesic if the Maunuksela score was ≥3.Results: In the ketoprofen group the number of fentanyl doses was smaller compared to the placebo group (median 1, quartiles (0–2) vs. 2 (1–3), P=0.047). The children in the ketoprofen group had less pain at 30 min (P=0.02) and the worst pain observed in the post anaesthesia care unit was lower (3 (0–6) vs. 5 (3–8), P=0.035). The incidence of vomiting was less in the ketoprofen group compared to the placebo group (17% vs. 41%, P=0.036). No serious adverse reactions occurred.Conclusion: We concluded that ketoprofen administered i.v. during the operation produced analgesia and reduced opioid consumption and the incidence of vomiting in children after strabismus surgery.
Pain on injection of propofol: The mitigating influence of metoclopramide using different techniques
Authors: Liaw W.‐J. , Pang W.‐W. , Chang D.‐P. , Hwang M.‐H. 
Published: March 2003

Background: Metoclopramide administered intravenously (iv) immediately before injection of propofol, after mixing with propofol, or after a rubber tourniquet for 1 min before propofol injection will reduce pain induced by propofol injection. In this study, these three different techniques in reducing propofol injection pain with metoclopramide were compared with lidocaine or saline to evaluate the most effective method in reducing propofol injection pain.Methods: In a randomized, semi‐double‐blind treatment, 175 patients were included into this study. Patients in group A were pretreated with metoclopramide 10 mg iv before propofol (2 mg/kg) induction. Patients in group B were induced with a mixture of propofol and metoclopramide. Patients in group C were pretreated with metoclopramide iv with a rubber tourniquet on the arm for 1 min followed by propofol administration. Groups D and E were identical to group C except for the replacement of pretreatment with either lidocaine (40 mg) or saline, respectively.Results: Groups A, C and D (with active pain prophylaxis) showed a significantly less incidence of pain than the saline control group (E) as propofol was injected. There was no significance difference between metoclopramide and lidocaine in reducing propofol injection pain using a tourniquet technique. The intensity of the propofol injection pain (verbal pain score) was stronger with saline as compared with the other groups.Conclusions: We conclude that iv retention of metoclopramide with tourniquet is as good as lidocaine and may be a useful alternative for reducing pain on propofol injection.
Intact proprioception and control of labour painduring epidural analgesia
Authors: Abrahams M. , Higgins P. , Whyte P. , Breen P. , Muttu S. , Gardiner J. 
Published: March 2003

Background: Accurate proprioception is critical while walking, yet an ambulatory epidural regimen that provides adequate analgesia for labour while simultaneously preserving proprioceptive input has not been described.Methods: Sixty primigravidae in established labour received bupivacaine 15 mg (15 ml of 0.1% w/v) and fentanyl 100 μg through a lumbar epidural catheter. Clinical assessment of dorsal column sensory function included: vibration sense, distal proprioception and the Romberg test, and were all performed before catheter insertion and 30 min after the study bolus. Sensory modalities were also tested compared to an unblocked dermatome. Pain was scored on a 0–10 cm visual analogue scale (VAS) before and 30 min after induction. Intensity of the motor block was tested using a modified Bromage score (grade 1–6).Results: The study bolus provided reliable analgesia with 43 parturients attaining a VAS pain score of zero. Mean duration of analgesia was 67.5 min (SD 22.85). All parturients retained the ability to perform a partial knee bend while standing (grade 6). No mothers exhibited impaired distal proprioception, altered vibration sense or a positive Romberg sign.Conclusion: This study confirms that the addition of lumbar epidural fentanyl 100 μg to 15 mg of epidural bupivacaine provides good control of labour pain with no motor block and establishes that this combination preserves dorsal column sensory function.
Effects of adenosine infusion on gastric emptying in healthy volunteers
Authors: Forsberg C. , Sollevi A. , Thörn S.‐E. , Segerdahl M. 
Published: March 2003

Background: A low dose of systemic adenosine infusion has been shown to induce antinociception in clinical experimental studies as well as in patients. There is no clinical information about the effect of adenosine on the motility of the gastrointestinal tract. The aim of this study was therefore to evaluate the effect of exogenous adenosine administration on gastric emptying in man.Method: Ten healthy male volunteers (22–45 yrs) were included in a placebo‐controlled, double‐blind, randomised, cross‐over study, where the experiments were separated by at least one week. During one session the volunteers received a continuous intravenous infusion of adenosine (50 μg · kg−1 · min−1) initiated 15 min prior to the test of gastric emptying (a standard test meal, followed by oral acetaminophen, 2 g) and lasting throughout the experiment (2 h). During the other experimental session an infusion of saline was given. Acetaminophen absorption test was used as an indirect measure of the rate of gastric emptying. Venous acetaminophen concentration curves were produced and the maximum acetaminophen concentration (Cmax), the time to reach the maximum concentration (Tmax), and the area under the serum acetaminophen concentration time curve from 0 to 60 min (AUC60) were calculated.Results: There was no difference between placebo and adenosine in Cmax (197 vs. 199 μmol · L−1, P=0.80), Tmax (23 vs. 45 min, P=0.14), AUC60 (9633 vs. 9111 min · μmol · L−1, P=0.28).Conclusion: The results demonstrate that adenosine in a clinically antinociceptive dose of 50 μg · kg−1 · min−1 does not affect the rate of gastric emptying in healthy volunteers.
Malignant hyperthermia and neuroleptic malignant syndrome in a patient during treatment for acute asthma
Authors: Portel L. , Hilbert G. , Gruson D. , Favier J.‐C. , Gbikpi‐Benissan G. , Cardinaud J.‐P. 
Published: March 2003

Acute asthma is well known to provoke complications. We report the case of a patient who needed intubation and mechanical ventilation for acute asthma. Despite a treatment with corticosteroids, bronchodilators, neuromuscular blocking drugs and magnesium sulfate, the situation remained uncontrolled and as a last resort, halothane became necessary. The patient then developed an episode of malignant hyperthermia with fever at 40°C and rhabdomyolysis. At this time, halothane could be stopped and all the symptoms disappeared without modifying the rest of the treatment. Eight days later, he presented with a neuroleptic malignant syndrome following an injection of droperidol. Temperature rose to 42°C, associated with muscle rigidity, sweating, tachycardia and severe circulatatory collapse. The use of dantrolene in association with a symptomatic treatment of the collapse led to a favourable outcome in. Unfortunately, in vitro contracture test could not be performed in this case.The links between malignant hyperthermia and neuroleptic malignant syndrome remain unclear. Although these two pathologies share the same physiopathology, symptomatology and treatment, they are clearly individualized. This case seems to be the first description of their occurrence in the same patient.
Combined effects of high‐frequency ventilation and surfactant treatment in experimental meconium aspiration syndrome
Authors: Calkovska A. , Sun B. , Curstedt T. , Renheim G. , Robertson B. 
Published: March 2003

Background: Deterioration of lung function in meconium aspiration syndrome may in part be due to inactivation of endogenous surfactant. We evaluated the efficacy of high‐frequency ventilation (HFV) and the combination of HFV and surfactant therapy in the management of respiratory failure induced by experimental meconium aspiration in adult rats.Methods: Animals were anesthetized and tracheotomized, and received via the tracheal cannula a suspension of human meconium (25 mg/ml, dose 4 or 5 ml/kg). After 30 min of conventional ventilation (CV) with 100% oxygen, animals were in respiratory failure as indicated by a decrease in lung‐thorax compliance of ≥30% and PaO2 <10 kPa. They were then ventilated for an additional 3 h with either CV (frequency 40/min, inspiration time 50%) or HFV (frequency 15 Hz, inspiration time 50%) using comparable mean airway pressures (about 20 cmH2O) and variable FiO2. Subgroups of animals were treated with Curosurf (80 mg/ml, dose 200 mg/kg) 30 min after meconium aspiration; no additional material was instilled in controls.Results: From 30 min onwards, values for PaO2/FiO2 were significantly higher in animals ventilated with HFV without receiving surfactant than in control animals subjected to CV alone (at 120 min: 18±7.3 vs. 7.4±0.8 kPa, P<0.05). Additional improvement in oxygenation was seen in HFV‐treated animals receiving Curosurf (at 120 min: 39±16 kPa: P vs. HFV alone <0.01). Relative lung volumes at a deflation pressure of 10 cmH2O, expressed as percent of maximum volume, were larger in animals ventilated with HFV than in those undergoing CV (41±12 vs. 33±10%; P<0.05), and were further increased in the groups of animals treated with surfactant and ventilated with HFV (55±9.9%; P vs. animals ventilated with HFV not receiving surfactant <0.01) or CV (49±9.6%; P vs. animals ventilated with CV without receiving surfactant <0.05). Hyaline membranes, granulocytes in cytospin preparations from lung lavage fluid, and vascular‐to‐alveolar leak of albumin were less prominent in the HFV than in the CV group, particularly in animals treated with surfactant.Conclusion: Our data indicate that HFV, especially in combination with surfactant therapy, may be superior to CV for treatment of respiratory failure in this animal model of meconium aspiration syndrome.
Diminished interleukin‐6 and C‐reactive protein responses to laparoscopic versus open cholecystectomy
Authors: Kristiansson M. , Saraste L. , Soop M. , Sundqvist K. G. , Thörne A. 
Published: March 2003

Background: Cytokines and their inhibitors are thought to be involved in many of the pathophysiological changes associated with trauma and infection. The magnitude of the trauma and the degree of tissue damage have an impact on the trauma response. The purpose of the study was to examine cytokine and hormonal responses to elective cholecystectomy and the extent to which these responses are influenced by the surgical procedure employed.Methods: Sixteen patients, ASA grades I and II, were studied: 8 of them underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy while the remaining 8 were operated on using the open technique. Systemic concentrations of tumour necrosis factor α (TNF), interleukin‐1 β (IL‐1), interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), cortisol, epinephrine and norepinephrine were measured before and during the operation and subsequently for up to 48 h postoperatively. The degree of pain and fatigue were recorded during the study period.Results: The preoperative levels of cytokines and hormones were all similar in the groups. Concentrations of TNF and IL‐1 were detected only sporadically. The rise in plasma IL‐6 was less marked following laparoscopic than after open cholecystectomy. However, the hormonal response was quite similar in the two groups. Pain and fatigue scores were lower (P<0.05–0.01) in the laparoscopic group than in the open surgery group.Conclusion: In summary, cholecystectomy, irrespective of whether it was performed using the laparoscopic or open technique, was followed by a trauma response and increased pain and fatigue. However, the magnitude of stress, pain and fatigue was less pronounced in laparoscopic cholecystectomy patients. Concentrations of IL‐6 seem to be more sensitive when it comes to delineating the trauma response than systemic norepinephrine and epinephrine levels.
The potential for increased risk of infection due to the reuse of convective air‐warming/cooling coverlets
Authors: Sigg D. C. , Houlton A. J. , Iaizzo P. A. 
Published: March 2003

Background: The use of convective air warming and/or cooling for the prevention of hypothermia or to induce hypothermia is growing rapidly. To date, there is no information available as to the potential risks for infection associated with either the postsurgical reuse or the repositioning of coverlets closer to the wound. We hypothesized that use of coverlets either intra‐ or postoperatively leads to increased contamination.Methods: The bacterial contamination of commercially available coverlets before (control group, n=10) and after patient application (n=18) was investigated. From 3 predetermined sites, 1 cm×2 cm pieces of coverlet were removed and analyzed for bacterial contamination.Results: Even prior to use, coverlet samplings provided identifiable contamination (3 out of 30 sites, 10%), but this could be within our study’s sampling error. Nevertheless, following clinical use the frequency of contamination was considerably increased; 17 out of 57 sampled sites (31.5%) elicited contamination (P<0.05, Fisher’s exact test).Conclusion: This study demonstrates that the use of the coverlets, intra‐ or postoperatively, can lead to significant bacterial contamination. It is concluded that it is not advisable to reuse coverlets for multiple clinical applications.
In vitro effects of propofol on blood coagulability and fibrinolysis by the use of thromboelastograph technique
Authors: Kohro S. , Yamakage M. , Omote T. , Namiki A. 
Published: March 2003

Background: To investigate the in vitro effects of propofol on blood coagulability and fibrinolysis by the use of thromboelastograph (TEG) technique.Methods: The blood samples, obtained from 14 healthy volunteers, were divided into two groups: propofol (n=7) and intralipid (n=7), and 360 μl volumes of whole blood were incubated with 2 μl of 1% propofol and with its solvent intralipid, respectively. The incubated sample was then used for TEG measurements.Results: The maximum amplitude (MA), which reflects coagulability, in the intralipid group significantly increased by about 7% and 16% compared to the control and propofol groups, respectively (P<0.05), whereas the MA in the propofol group did not change. The fibrinolytic rate (FR) in the propofol group significantly increased by about 170% and 210% compared to the control and intralipid groups, respectively (P<0.05), whereas the FR in the intralipid group did not change.Conclusions: Propofol, per se, has at the concentration of 55.6 μg · ml−1 an in vitro accelerative effect on blood fibrinolysis detected by TEG.
Paracetamol 1 g given rectally at the end of minor gynaecological surgery is not efficacious in reducing postoperative pain
Authors: Hein A. , Jakobsson J. , Ryberg G. 
Published: March 2003

Background: We studied the analgesic effects of 1 g paracetamol given rectally at the end of surgery in a prospective, randomised, double‐blind study.Methods: One hundred and forty ASA I–II women scheduled for elective termination of pregnancy under general anaesthesia were randomly allocated to receive paracetamol or placebo. All patients had standardised anaesthesia with propofol, fentanyl and oxygen in nitrous oxide. Postoperative pain was assessed by VAS score.Results: We could find no difference regarding postoperative pain, need for analgesics or time to discharge between the groups.Conclusion: The routine use of 1 g paracetamol given rectally at the end of surgery after termination of pregnancy seems not to be justified.
Intra‐articular morphine for pain relief after knee arthroscopy
Authors: Rosseland L. A. , Stubhaug A. , Skoglund A. , Breivik H. 
Published: March 2003

Background: Peripheral opioid analgesia is well documented. But the clinical usefulness of intra‐articular morphine after surgery is uncertain. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the analgesic effects of intra‐articular morphine after knee arthroscopy.Methods: In this parallel‐group, double‐blind study, 90 patients were randomised to receive either morphine 1 mg, morphine 2 mg or placebo in 5 ml saline intra‐articularly at the end of arthroscopic knee surgery. Anaesthetic technique was local infiltration and intra‐articular injection of lidocaine. Analgesic efficacy was evaluated by a global pain score, pain intensity (visual analogue scale), and analgesic requirements (paracetamol) during the first 48 h postoperatively.Results: No significant differences between the groups were found for any of the efficacy variables. A majority of the patients had mild pain throughout the study, thus possibly compromising study sensitivity. In a subgroup with more intense pain early after arthroscopy, intra‐articular morphine 2 mg reduced pain intensity (P<0.05) and analgesic requirements (P<0.05) compared with placebo.Conclusion: Postoperative analgesic effect of intra‐articular morphine was found only in a subgroup of patients with higher pain intensity in the immediate postanaesthetic period. Possible reasons for our overall negative findings include low study sensitivity due to weak pain stimulus, lack of inflammation that may be a prerequisite for peripheral opioid analgesia, and the local anaesthetic, which impedes local inflammatory reaction and expression of peripheral opioid receptors. These factors may also explain the conflicting results in other studies.
Irrigating fluid absorption during percutaneous nephrolithotripsy
Authors: Gehring H. , Nahm W. , Zimmermann K. , Fornara P. , Ocklitz E. , Schmucker P. 
Published: March 2003

Background: The most common complication during percutaneous nephrolithotripsy (PNL) is the destruction of organ structures with extravasation of the irrigation fluid into the retroperitoneal space. Consequently, there is an increased risk of a urosepsis and a complicated therapeutic course. In this study we aimed to show that extravascular absorption could be differentiated from intravascular absorption due to their unique absorption characteristics, and that these characteristics enable a prediction of possible post‐operative complications.Methods: In a prospective study of 31 patients with PNL, ethanol was added to the irrigating fluid and blood ethanol concentration (BEC) was measured by gas chromatography during the endoscopic procedure and in the recovery room. Following the guidelines of Hahn, patients were divided into two groups: group EVA, in whom extravasation had occurred with subsequent absorption; group IVA, those with intravascular absorption. Patients’ post‐operative progress along with diagnoses of renal perforations or bleeding, or signs of infection or sepsis, were comprehensively listed.Results: EVA was diagnosed in 19 cases, and IVA in 12 cases. Maximum BEC levels were achieved after 20 min (median) in the IVA group, and 75 min in the EVA group (P<0.05). Apart from their significantly higher demand for opioids (P<0.05), EVA patients had been hospitalised for a substantially and significantly longer period of time (P<0.01). Although without statistical significance, there was a higher rate of peri‐operatively confirmed complications and prolonged intensive therapeutic treatment in the extravasation group.Conclusion: Retroperitoneal extravasation can be identified by using ethanol monitoring during and after PNL. Afflicted patients require considerably longer hospitalisation, probably because of the additional injury to surrounding organ structures.