bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nutrients and River Ecosystems
Authors: Mallin Michael A. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Streams and rivers carry nutrients (nitrogen [N] and phosphorus [P]) and transform nutrients, and in turn the nutrients strongly impact the growth and composition of bacteria, phytoplankton, benthic microalgae, macroalgae, and macrophyte vegetation. N exists in organic and inorganic forms and has complex cycles and “spirals” between dissolved inorganic ammonium and nitrate, and labile and refractory organic forms, which also can be dissolved or structurally part of organisms. P is either inorganic or organic, with less complex cycling, but critical as well. Too much N or P (or N and P) causes algal blooms and oxygen demands, and high N inorganic concentrations can be toxic. Sources of nutrients are discussed, as is how and why N or P (or both) can limit (or stimulate) the growth of phytoplankton to bloom conditions. The various concentrations of N and P that characterize eutrophic, mesotrophic, and oligotrophic waters is discussed in regulatory and nonregulatory situations.
Stream and River Invertebrate Communities
Authors: Mallin Michael A. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The invertebrate communities (crustaceans, molluscs, and insects) in running water systems are vital to all parts of the ecosystem. Shredders process fallen leaves and vegetation debris, which in turn are processed and enriched by bacteria and fungi. Filter-feeders in flowing water downstream collect the small particles from upstream, while other collectors mine atop and within sediments for organic food particles. Other organisms feed directly upon living macrophyte tissue. Periphytic microalgae are grazed on the surfaces of larger macrophytes, and on rocks and other solid surfaces as well by snails and other organisms. Always there are predatory insects and crustaceans that feed on smaller organisms; in turn these predators are eaten by fish, including prized sportfish. Far downstream in lower rivers and in estuaries large zooplankton communities form in response to developed phytoplankton communities, and plankton-based food webs are formed. Here commercial fisheries may develop for finfish, large motile crustaceans, and shellfish.
Floods, Hurricanes, and Climate Change
Authors: Mallin Michael A. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Flooding of river ecosystems is natural and occurs acutely after storms and seasonally due to changes in evapotranspiration or timing of snowmelt. Stream biota are adapted to flooding and generally recover in weeks to months to normal conditions; in some cases, the flood pulse is a driving force for fisheries productivity. Hurricanes cause a multitude of impacts beyond flooding, including wind and tide damage, massive rainfall, and stormwater runoff. When hurricanes hit land areas that are intensely used for urban life, certain industries, and concentrated livestock production there is large-scale pollution by fecal microbes, nutrients, suspended solids, BOD, and chemical pollutants that cause hypoxia and anoxia, and massive fish and invertebrate kills. Climate change is enhancing the destructive power of hurricanes. Climate change is also variably impacting river systems by severe drought through reduced snowpack melting, regular flooding in other areas, and altering of river biota by rising water temperatures; these impacts will continue to increase.
MicroRNA397 promotes rice flowering by regulating the photorespiration pathway
Authors: Lian Jian-Ping , Yuan Chao , Feng Yan-Zhao , Liu Qing , Wang Cong-Ying , Zhou Yan-Fei , Huang Qiao-Juan , Zhu Qing-Feng , Zhang Yu-Chan , Chen Yue-Qin , Yu Yang 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The precise timing of flowering plays a pivotal role in ensuring successful plant reproduction and seed production. This process is intricately governed by complex genetic networks that integrate internal and external signals. This study delved into the regulatory function of microRNA397 (miR397) and its target gene LACCASE-15 (OsLAC15) in modulating flowering traits in rice (Oryza sativa). Overexpression of miR397 led to earlier heading dates, decreased number of leaves on the main stem, and accelerated differentiation of the spikelet meristem. Conversely, overexpression of OsLAC15 resulted in delayed flowering and prolonged vegetative growth. Through biochemical and physiological assays, we uncovered that miR397-OsLAC15 had a profound impact on carbohydrate accumulation and photosynthetic assimilation, consequently enhancing the photosynthetic intensity in miR397-overexpressing rice plants. Notably, we identified that OsLAC15 is at least partially localized within the peroxisome organelle, where it regulates the photorespiration pathway. Moreover, we observed that a high CO2 concentration could rescue the late flowering phenotype in OsLAC15-overexpressing plants. These findings shed valuable insights into the regulatory mechanisms of miR397-OsLAC15 in rice flowering and provided potential strategies for developing crop varieties with early flowering and high-yield traits through genetic breeding.
Data-driven multimodal fusion: approaches and applications in psychiatric research
Authors: Sui Jing , Zhi Dongmei , Calhoun Vince D 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the era of big data, where vast amounts of information are being generated and collected at an unprecedented rate, there is a pressing demand for innovative data-driven multi-modal fusion methods. These methods aim to integrate diverse neuroimaging perspectives to extract meaningful insights and attain a more comprehensive understanding of complex psychiatric disorders. However, analyzing each modality separately may only reveal partial insights or miss out on important correlations between different types of data. This is where data-driven multi-modal fusion techniques come into play. By combining information from multiple modalities in a synergistic manner, these methods enable us to uncover hidden patterns and relationships that would otherwise remain unnoticed. In this paper, we present an extensive overview of data-driven multimodal fusion approaches with or without prior information, with specific emphasis on canonical correlation analysis and independent component analysis. The applications of such fusion methods are wide-ranging and allow us to incorporate multiple factors such as genetics, environment, cognition, and treatment outcomes across various brain disorders. After summarizing the diverse neuropsychiatric magnetic resonance imaging fusion applications, we further discuss the emerging neuroimaging analyzing trends in big data, such as N-way multimodal fusion, deep learning approaches, and clinical translation. Overall, multimodal fusion emerges as an imperative approach providing valuable insights into the underlying neural basis of mental disorders, which can uncover subtle abnormalities or potential biomarkers that may benefit targeted treatments and personalized medical interventions.
Improved Comfortability and Satisfaction of Hybrid-mesh Casts in the Conservative Management of Pediatric Supracondylar Humeral Fractures: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Ong Eric Jia Yong , Lee Nicole Kim Luan , Mishra Neeraj , Ng Stacy Wei Ling , Chua Zackary Kerk Hsiang , Yet Lam Kai , bin Zainuddin Mohammad Ashik , Lim Kevin Boon Leong , Mahadev Arjandas , Wong Kenneth Pak Leung 
Published: November 2023

Background:
Cast immobilization is the mainstay of treatment for stable pediatric supracondylar humeral fractures (SCHFs). In recent years, a waterproof and breathable hybrid-mesh (HM) cast has emerged and been marketed to address common complaints such as itch, skin irritation, and malodor. Hence, this randomized controlled trial seeks to assess the overall satisfaction, comfort, and clinical outcomes of using HM casts in the conservative treatment of stable pediatric SCHF.

Methods:
Seventy-nine patients (age range: 1 to 10 y) with modified Gartland’s classification Type I and Type IIa SCHF were recruited and randomized for immobilization with either fiberglass or HM long-arm cast for 3 weeks. During follow-up visits, patients were assessed for any loss of reduction and skin rash. The weight of casts, the presence of cast breakage, the duration of cast application, and removal were recorded. A self-reported patient comfort and satisfaction questionnaire was also administered during the same visit.

Results:
The final analysis included 38 patients immobilized with fiberglass casts and 39 patients with HM casts. Despite the significantly longer duration required for HM cast removal (4.18±1.25 min vs. 2.25±0.55 min, P<0.001), the HM cast was significantly lighter than its fiberglass counterpart (162.82±23.94 g vs. 203.95±36.52 g, P<0.001). The HM casts have better comfort (4.05±0.887 vs. 3.47±0.951, P=0.007) and satisfaction (3.69±1.055 vs. 3.11±0.953, P=0.012) scores as compared to fiberglass casts for immobilizing pediatric SCHF without compromising clinical outcome.

Conclusions:
HM casts have better comfort and overall satisfaction as compared to conventional fiberglass casts for immobilizing pediatric SCHF without compromising clinical outcomes.

Level of Evidence:
Level II—therapeutic studies—investigating the results of treatment.
Development and validation of the PERCEPT-PREVENT tool to determine risk perception and attitudes towards digestive cancer screening
Authors: Silva João Carlos , Santos Cristina , Dinis-Ribeiro Mário , Libânio Diogo 
Published: November 2023

Background and aims
Colorectal cancer (CRC) screening is recommended worldwide, while gastric cancer (GC) screening may also be defendable in some settings. However, adherence rates and factors influencing participation are not well characterized. This study aimed to validate a tool to determine risk perception of CRC and GC and also of endoscopy-related complications.

Methods
A questionnaire in CRC risk perception based on the Health Belief Model was used. Forward/backward translation (English-Portuguese) and cultural adaptation were performed. After revision by a panel of experts, the questionnaire was adapted to target GC risk perception and perceptions towards endoscopy-related complications. The final version of the questionnaire (PERCEPT-PREVENT tool) was applied to 44 individuals, through telephonic interview, at enrolment and at intervals ≤3 weeks. Test–retest reliability and agreement were assessed.

Results
Almost perfect reliability between test and retest was obtained for CRC symptom knowledge score (ICC = 0.88), risk factor knowledge score (ICC = 0.89), and perceived severity (ICC = 0.84). At least moderate agreement between test and retest was obtained for GC symptom knowledge score (ICC = 0.94), risk factor knowledge score (ICC = 0.92), and perceived severity (ICC = 0.58). Test-retest reliability was assessed for barrier domains [faecal occult blood test ICC = 0.63; colonoscopy ICC = 0.79; upper GI endoscopy (UGIE) ICC = 0.83]. A total of 91% and 98% of participants gave the same answer in the test and retest for preferred method of CRC screening and intention to undergo UGIE for GC screening combined with a screening colonoscopy, respectively.

Discussion
PERCEPT-PREVENT is a valid and reliable tool for CRC and GC risk perception evaluation.
The Effects of Silicone Tube Intubation During Endoscopic Dacryocystorhinostomy in Patients With Acute Dacryocystitis With Acquired Skin Fistulization
Authors: Bian Yang , Han Xuemei , Li Shuting , Yu Bo 
Published: November 2023

Objective:
This study aimed to determine the silicone tube intubation requirement for endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy (En-DCR) in patients with acute dacryocystitis (AD) with acquired skin fistulization.

Methods:
Between September 2012 and October 2020, patients with AD and acquired skin fistulization undergoing En-DCR at the Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University were randomized into treatment groups in which silicone tube intubation was carried out or not (groups A and B, respectively). All patients with skin fistulae present for 1+ months at En-DCR underwent fistulectomy. Operative success was assessed at 12 months post En-DCR in both treatment groups. Multiple logistic analyses were performed to assess for influencing factors on surgical success.

Results:
This study evaluated 94 patients for whom complete postoperative data were available, including 45 in group A and 44 in group B. Overall, 15 patients underwent fistulectomy and En-DCR simultaneously (8 from group A; 7 from group B ). At 12-month follow-up, anatomic and functional success rates were higher for patients in group A (93.3%, 86.7%) relative to those in group B (77.3%, 68.2%) (P<0.05). Intranasal ostium obstruction caused lacrimal passage reconstruction failure in group A. In contrast, intranasal ostium and canalicular obstruction caused it in patients in group B. No significant variations in operation success rates across groups were seen when group B cases with canalicular obstruction were eliminated from the analyses (P=0.070, >0.05). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed operative success was significantly influenced by fistulectomy (OR: 1.641, P<0.05) and intubation (OR: −1.559, P<0.05).

Conclusion:
These findings imply that in patients with AD with skin fistulization undergoing En-DCR, intraoperative intubation is linked with a lower incidence of canalicular obstruction and positive outcomes. Accordingly, intraoperative intubation should be performed when operating on patients with AD with skin fistulization.
It is not all black and white: The effect of increasing severity of frailty on outcomes of geriatric trauma patients
Authors: Alizai Qaidar , Colosimo Christina , Hosseinpour Hamidreza , Stewart Collin , Bhogadi Sai Krishna , Nelson Adam , Spencer Audrey L. , Ditillo Michael , Magnotti Louis J. , Joseph Bellal ,   the AAST Frailty MIT Study Group
Published: November 2023

BACKGROUND
Frailty is associated with poor outcomes in trauma patients. However, the spectrum of physiologic deficits, once a patient is identified as frail, is unknown. The aim of this study was to assess the dynamic association between increasing frailty and outcomes among frail geriatric trauma patients.

METHODS
This is a secondary analysis of the American Association of Surgery for Trauma Frailty Multi-institutional Trial. Patients 65 years or older presenting to one of the 17 trauma centers over 3 years (2019–2022) were included. Frailty was assessed within 24 hours of presentation using the Trauma-Specific Frailty Index (TSFI) questionnaire. Patients were stratified by TSFI score into six groups: nonfrail (<0.12), Grade I (0.12–0.19), Grade II (0.20–0.29), Grade III (0.30–0.39), Grade IV (0.40–0.49), and Grade V (0.50–1). Our Outcomes included in-hospital and 3-month postdischarge mortality, major complications, readmissions, and fall recurrence. Multivariable regression analyses were performed.

RESULTS
There were 1,321 patients identified. The mean (SD) age was 77 years (8.6 years) and 49% were males. Median [interquartile range] Injury Severity Score was 9 [5–13] and 69% presented after a low-level fall. Overall, 14% developed major complications and 5% died during the index admission. Among survivors, 1,116 patients had a complete follow-up, 16% were readmitted within 3 months, 6% had a fall recurrence, 7% had a complication, and 2% died within 3 months postdischarge. On multivariable regression, every 0.1 increase in the TSFI score was independently associated with higher odds of index-admission mortality and major complications, and 3 months postdischarge mortality, readmissions, major complications, and fall recurrence.

CONCLUSION
The frailty syndrome goes beyond a binary stratification of patients into nonfrail and frail and should be considered as a spectrum of increasing vulnerability to poor outcomes. Frailty scoring can be used in developing guidelines, patient management, prognostication, and care discussions with patients and their families.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Prognostic and Epidemiological; Level III.
Genetic association study of Preterm birth and Gestational age in a population-based case-control study in Peru
Authors: Juvinao-Quintero Diana L. , Sanchez Sixto E. , Workalemahu Tsegaselassie , Pinto Nelida , Liang Liming , Williams Michelle A. , Gelaye Bizu 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACTPreterm birth (PTB) is an adverse pregnancy outcome affecting ∼15 million pregnancies worldwide. Genetic studies have identified several candidate loci for PTB, but results remain inconclusive and limited to European populations. Thus, we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of PTB and gestational age at delivery (GA) among 2,212 Peruvian women. PTB cases delivered ≥ 20 weeks’ but < 37 weeks’ gestation, while controls delivered at term (≥ 37 weeks but < 42 weeks). After imputation (TOPMED) and quality control, we assessed the association of ∼6 million SNPs with PTB and GA using multivariable regression models adjusted for maternal age and the first two genetic principal components.In silicofunctional analysis (FUMA-GWAS) was conducted among top signals detected with an arbitraryP< 1.0×10-5in each GWAS. We sought to replicate genetic associations with PTB and GA identified in Europeans, and we developed a genetic risk score for GA based on European markers. Mean GA was 30 ± 4 weeks in PTB cases (N=933) and 39 ± 1 in the controls (N=1,279). PTB cases were slightly older and had higher C-sections and vaginal bleeding than controls. No association was identified at genome-wide level. Top suggestive (P< 1.0×10-5) signals were seen at rs13151645 (LINC01182) for PTB, and at rs72824565 (CTNNA2) for GA. Top PTB variants were enriched for biological pathways associated with polyketide, progesterone, steroid hormones, and glycosyl metabolism. Top GA variants were enriched in intronic regions and cancer pathways, and these genes were upregulated in the brain and subcutaneous adipose tissue. In combination with non-genetic risk factors, top SNPs explained 14% and 15% of the phenotypic variance of PTB and GA in our sample, but these results need to be interpreted with caution. Variants inWNT4associated with GA in Europeans were replicated in our study. The genetic risk score based in European markers, was associated with a 2-day longer GA (R2=0.003,P=0.002) per standard deviation increase in the score in our sample. This genetic association study identified various signals suggestively associated with PTB and GA in a non- European population; they were linked to relevant biological pathways related to the metabolism of progesterone, prostanoid, and steroid hormones, and genes associated with GA were significantly upregulated in relevant tissues for the pathophysiology of PTB based on thein- silicofunctional analysis. None of these top variants overlapped with signals previously identified for PTB or GA in Europeans.
A “suicide” BCG strain provides enhanced immunogenicity and robust protection againstMycobacterium tuberculosisin macaques
Authors: Smith Alexander A , Su Hongwei , Wallach Joshua , Liu Yao , Maiello Pauline , Borish H Jacob , Winchell Caylin , Simonson Andrew W , Lin Philana Ling , Rodgers Mark , Fillmore Daniel , Sakal Jennifer , Lin Kan , Vinette Valerie , Schnappinger Dirk , Ehrt Sabine , Flynn JoAnne L. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIntravenous (IV) BCG delivery provides robust protection againstMycobacterium tuberculosis(Mtb) in macaques but poses safety challenges. Here, we constructed two BCG strains (BCG-TetON-DL and BCG-TetOFF-DL) in which tetracyclines regulate two phage lysin operons. Once the lysins are expressed, these strains are killed in immunocompetent and immunocompromised mice yet induced similar immune responses and provided similar protection against Mtb challenge as wild type BCG. Lysin induction resulted in release of intracellular BCG antigens and enhanced cytokine production by macrophages. In macaques, cessation of doxycycline administration resulted in rapid elimination of BCG-TetOFF-DL. However, IV BCG-TetOFF-DL induced increased pulmonary CD4 T cell responses compared to WT BCG and provided robust protection against Mtb challenge, with sterilizing immunity in 6 of 8 macaques, compared to 2 of 8 macaques immunized with WT BCG. Thus, a “suicide” BCG strain provides an additional measure of safety when delivered intravenously and robust protection against Mtb infection.
Fermented polyherbal formulation restored ricinoleic acid induced diarrhea in Sprague Dawley rats and exhibitedin vitroantibacterial effect on multiple antibiotics resistant gastric pathogens
Authors: Chakraborty Subhanil , Roy Babli , Sen Subhajit , Mandal Santi M. , Chakraborty Ranadhir 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe involvement of multiple antibiotics resistant gastric pathogens in diarrhea aggravates the disease condition uncontrollably. Current study was aimed at finding and developing a suitable formulation utilizing multiple natural components from known plant sources to augment current therapeutic outcomes. Hydro-ethanolic extraction method was applied through boiling and fermentation, on ancient observation based efficacious plant parts for developing antidiarrheal polyherbal formulation AP-01. Animal study model of diarrhea was used to evaluate safety and efficacy of the formulation. The formulation was testedin vitroon four different multiple antibiotics resistant gastric pathogens collected from national repository. The formulation depicted no cytotoxicity on normal gut cells and was efficacious at 10 ml/Kg single dose in relieving symptoms of diarrhea by 79.71%, in comparison with standard drug showing reduction of symptoms by 83.01%. AP-01 exhibited delaying the gastric motility. Symptoms of diarrhea ceased to occur within 321 minutes with AP-01, where the standard drug took 308 minutes. AP-01 was found successful at a viable dosage regimen of 75 to 100 microliter per ml, in inhibiting growth of different pathogens from Enterobacteriaceae family possessing resistance against several classes of antibiotics, in culture media. Chemical analysis revealed different alkaloids, flavonoids and polyphenols those probably work in unison through multiplex modes of action to arrest diarrhea and inhibit pathogens at the same time. These promising results shown by AP-01 should definitely evoke an effort to dive deep into research and development for better therapeutic formulations for infectious diarrhea by harvesting the arsenal of nature.