bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Introduction
Authors: Egan Gabriel 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Marxist thinking about culture underlies much research and teaching in university departments of literature and played a crucial role in the development of recent theoretical work. Feminism, New Historicism, cultural materialism, postcolonial theory, and queer theory all draw upon ideas about cultural production that can be traced to Marx, and significantly each also has a special relation with Renaissance literary studies. Despite this, Marx’s main ideas are seldom properly explained in works about Shakespeare and in some quarters it is even claimed that they have lost their relevance. This book aims to explain the past and present influence of Marxism for Shakespearians, and to suggest ways in which it can play a role in the future of politically engaged literary and dramatic criticism and cultural analysis.
Introduction
Authors: Potter David 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the depiction of September for the Très riches heures du due de Berry, the château of Saumur towers like a fairy-tale castle over peasants harvesting the vines in the fields below. The castle is still there, restored in the 1930s by using die Très riches heures as a model, but through this image we travel into a very different world. Part of a sumptuous work commissioned by a powerful royal prince at a time when France was virtually at its lowest point of chaos and depression in the late Middle Ages, it is a profoundly ambiguous scene. Apparently all is still and the world is in order and harmony. Yet this was a period which saw a deep structural crisis which swept across French society, accompanied by war and destruction. The period covered by this book saw the last crusades led by a king of France, the destruction of the most serious heresy to face the Western Church in the Middle Ages, the foundation of the University of Paris, the building of the cathedral of Amiens, the music of the ars nova in the age of Guillaume de Machault and of Guillaume Dufay at the court of Burgundy, and the unique if brief public career of Jeanne d’Arc.
Things Done with Words
Authors: Robinson Peter 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
‘WORDS are also actions, and actions are a kind of words’, Emerson boldly affirmed in r 844; just over a century later, Wittgenstein noted that ‘Words are deeds.’ J. L. Austin had begun to think about how acts can be performed with words as early as 1939, but in his William James Lectures, given at Harvard in 195 5 and published posthumously as How To Do Things With Words, he sets about analysing the forms of verbal actions. His contribution to philosophy has attracted some distinguished attention from poets and literary critics. Paul Muldoon published a poem called ‘[Austin]’ in Madoc: A Afystery.
The stranglehold of the Great Patriotic War: 1914–1926
Authors: Parry D L L , Girard Pierre 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The American diplomat and historian George Kennan described the Great War as the seminal catastrophe of the twentieth century. It destroyed the Austro-Hungarian, German, Ottoman, and Russian empires, out of whose ruins came the unstable nation-states of east-ern Europe and the Middle East, the Bolshevik revolution, Fascism, and Nazism, which in turn led to the Second World War, the Cold War, and Middle East conﬂicts. Though western Europe fared better than the east, the burden of the Great War still lay heavy, and it dominated life well beyond the armistice of 1918. The war held France in a political and ﬁnancial stranglehold until 1926, while its psychological and demographic grip on the country lasted much longer, until it was overtaken by the disaster of 1940.
In 1914, France was a dynamic country with a political regime that had been established at the cost of bitter internal divisions. War reversed this position: it united the country, bringing republicans and Catholics together in a ‘sacred union ‘ or Union sacrée, while at the same time bleeding it of its vitality.
Disaster and renewal:1926–1958
Authors: Parry D L L , Girard Pierre 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Disillusioned and exhausted, France needed a period of rest for Poincaré ‘s medicine to work. Instead, it only had the three years from 1926 to 1929, when Poincaré himself led the government. In October 1929Wall Street crashed, to be followed by the Great Depression. In January 1933 Adolf Hitler became the chancellor of Germany, and Europe ‘s shaky peace was doomed. World War from 1939 to 1945 was succeeded by Cold War from 1948 and by the eruption of powerful independence movements in the French empire, which culminated in the devastating Algerian war of 1954–62. Throughout these years, the French economy continued its shift from small-scale to largescale production. The losers in this were the independent, selfemployed craftsmen, shopkeepers, and peasant farmers, heirs to the nineteenth-century petty bourgeoisie. In their place came salaried employees, both factory hands (ouvriers) and managers (cadres). This shift, which had been gathering pace since the end of the nineteenth century, was too fast for the liking of the self-employed yet too slow to keep French agriculture and industry internationally competitive.
A new republic, a new France:1958–2022
Authors: Parry D L L , Girard Pierre 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Algerian war was the ﬁnal convulsion in the long crisis that started in the late 1920s. Out of it came the Fifth Republic, which transformed France ‘s political system, accelerated economic changes that overturned traditional social structures, and revived its foreign standing with éclat. It founded a new model for the republic in harmony with its era, just as the Third Republic had done in its time, and created a new role for France on the world ‘s stage. This time it rested on the salaried middle classes, which had now become the dominant social class in the country. Yet France has not reached the end of its history, for there have been two distinct versions of the Fifth Republic, before and after 1974. The same forces of economic modernization and social transformation that renewed France went on to upset the balance of the regime by the 1970s, and the social eﬀects of the economic recession that began in 1974 cracked de Gaulle ‘s elegant construction. They accelerated the transformations already in progress, and added the impact of long-term mass unemployment, which produced problems that have destabilized the political system. The behaviour of the regime evolved rapidly as well. De Gaulle ‘s monarchical republic became a double act of president and prime minister under Pompidou; power passed from one party to another with the elections of Giscard d ‘Estaing and Mitterrand. The alternation of power between left and right since 1981 has also produced the practice of ‘cohabitation ‘ between presidents and prime ministers from opposing parties. In international relations, the end of the Cold War and the development of the European Union also transformed global politics, and pushed France back into the wings once more.
Local Differences in Arrangements of Ration Lists on Minoan Crete
Authors: Uchitel Alexander 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Ancient economic archives are usually classified as either private or public. However, the same kinds of document are often found in both types. In my opinion, the most important distinction which should be made in the study of ancient economic documents is between groups of documents (archives) reflecting the market economy on the one hand, and those connected to the non-market economic systems on the other. The latter are often called ‘administrative’ rather than ‘economic’ archives. Yet this terminology is misleading, since these archives deal with such purely economic activities as taxation, rationing, work assessment, and the like, clearly distinct from the administration proper reflected in the so-called chancellery documents such as instructions and reports.
Archaic Literature and Masters of Truth
Authors: Lloyd G E R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Right at the start of Greek literature stands the most famous and most influential text of all, the Iliad, a work that every educated Greek of the classical period would know. They would have studied it at school: they would have attended the performances of rhapsodes—professionals who recited the Homeric epics and other poems in public at Athens and else-where—and they would in many cases have learnt extensive passages by heart. Homer was reputed to be the educator of the Greeks. What that means exactly is rather unclear. But certainly the Iliad was an iconic text, the most highly prized in all Greek literature.
Secularization and Sacralization
Authors: Lloyd G E R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
One of the biggest challenges to understanding Greek medicine in the fifth century BCE is that of accounting for two remarkable concurrent developments. On the one hand there is the move made by some Hippocratic authors to insist that all diseases have natural causes, on the other there is the growth of the cults of Asclepius and other healing gods and heroes. Earlier positivist historians of medicine liked to represent the former as superseding the latter. First there was religious medicine, the type represented in the shrines of Asclepius at Epidaurus, Athens, Cos, and elsewhere. Then came naturalistic accounts of diseases and their cures. Science, in a word, on this view, overtook religion as the basis of medical practice.
Conclusions
Authors: Lemos Irene S 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The analysis of the PG material culture has shown that our knowledge of the period in the Aegean has increased enormously since Snodgrass’s and Desborough’s surveys. These new discoveries clearly illustrate that the period was more complex than was thought before. In this chapter aspects of life and death of the people of the Aegean who lived during this period are explored and reconstructed using the archaeological material which has been collected and analysed in the previous chapters.
Chronologically the PG period covers the end of the eleventh and the whole of the tenth century BC. During this period five generations of people lived and died in relatively peaceful conditions, especially when compared to the troubled years of the Late Helladic IIIC and SM periods. Although the events concerning the end of the Mycenaean palace system fall outside the scope of the present study, it is clear that they would have had an important effect on the development of the following periods. Two accounts of them, illustrating the changes which took place after the end of the palatial system, are particularly important for the present discussion.
Civic Publicness
Authors: Plunkett John 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
What does a British constitutional monarch do? Month on month, year on year, what provides worthy employment for a sovereign, particularly one supposedly above the machinations of party politics? In the profession of royalty, the public engagement reigns supreme. Whether patronizing diverse charities, touring countries in the Commonwealth, or honouring the latest newly built hospital or battleship, civic visits loom large in the modern conception of royal duties. This chapter argues that Queen Victoria and Prince Albert, through the impact of a burgeoning print and visual culture, set the model for the serious duties and pleasurable diversions that we have come to expect from a constitutional monarchy. They undertook an unprecedented number of regional tours, foreign visits, and civic engagements, forging a role that would be successfully followed by future British monarchs.
Royal Portraiture
Authors: Plunkett John 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
London, 28 June 1838: at Victoria’s coronation fair in Hyde Park there was a print seller charging 6d. to enter his booth. Therein, you would have the privilege of witnessing the printing of your own engraved portrait of Victoria and a lithograph of the fair. On the same day, 200 miles north in Preston, another enterprising printer was attaching his printing press to a horse-drawn carriage in order to join the local coronation procession. As the parade moved through the streets, he printed penny handbills that contained a short biography of Victoria and a narrative of the day’s events.
These two small episodes are exemplary in that the process of reproduction has been turned into a performance that is itself part of a larger royal spectacle. The printing presses were integral to the experience of the coronation. At the same time, they were the form through which that experience was expressed and disseminated.
Reporting Royalty
Authors: Plunkett John 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The expanding scale of the newspaper and periodical press inevitably brought to the fore the relationship between journalists and the royal family. As the epigraph from George Augustus Sala suggests, royal occasions were notorious for the labour reporters had to expend. Upon Victoria’s first highland tour in 1842, the Illustrated London News puffed itself for sending two artists to shadow the royal party. Such limpet-like attention was highly novel in the 1840s. The development of new and existing media meant that it was, however, commonplace by the end of Victoria’s reign. At the Diamond Jubilee procession through London, numerous cinematic cameras vied with scores of professional photographers.
Early Responses to L’Escole des filles Pepys, Wycherley, and Traces of Molière
Authors: Turner James Grantham 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
After dinner, we into our dining-room and there to singing all the afternoon (by the way, I must remember that Pegg Pen was brought to bed yesterday of a girl; and among other things, if I have not already set it down, that hardly ever was remembered such a season as this for the smallpox as these last two months have been, people being seen all up and down the streets, newly come out after the smallpox); but though they sang fine things, yet I must confess that I did take no pleasure in it We sang till almost night, and drank my good store of wine;
Rochester and Oldham ‘Heroic’ Pornography in the Shadow of Aloisia
Authors: Turner James Grantham 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
T HE wholehearted female sensualist created by the libertine text—for whom reasoning and desiring come in the same moment—provided a mirror and objectlesson for the male reader seeking to perfect himself. She holds out the possibility of synthesizing ‘lust’ and ‘invention’ into what Chorier called erudita libido , and thus anticipates Elisabeth Rowe’s account of the ‘philosophick libertine’, who ‘pursues pleasure for the sake of demonstration, pausing, reasoning, and making critical reflections on every enjoyment’.1
The Loose Canon Translations and (Per)versions of Libertine Literature, 1676-1700
Authors: Turner James Grantham 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
To understand the ‘translation’ of Pallavicino, L’Escole des filles , and Chorier, it is necessary to trace the network of cultural expectations into which the new text must fit, the grid or lattice of generic cross-references that keeps the reader’s mind on the subject. To adapt a metaphor common to Margaret Cavendish and Venus in the Cloister , we should make visible the ‘grille’ that limits and intensifies desire. The acts of reading and citation studied so far in Part II set the terms for the longer imitations, anthologizing reprints, and full-length vernacular versions explored in this chapter. But these fresh texts always enjoy a problematic relation with their original, raising the question of what theory of translation is at work:
Bringing Home Keats and Shelley
Authors: Matthews Samantha 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Writing in the London Magazine, Bryan Waller Procter (the poet and dramatist ‘Barry Cornwall’) announced the death from consumption of his fellow-poet John Keats ‘on the 23rd of February, 1821, at Rome, whither he had gone for the benefit of his health’. For Procter this was the chronicle of a death foretold:When Keats left England, he had a presentiment that he should not return: that this has been too sadly realized the reader already knows.—After his arrival in Italy, he revived for a brief period, but soon afterwards declined, and sunk gradually into his grave. He was one of three English poets who had been compelled by circumstances to adopt a foreign country as their own. He was the youngest, but the first to leave us.
Thomas Hood in the Cemetery
Authors: Matthews Samantha 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Criticizing the ‘bad taste and poverty of invention’ of contemporary sepulchral monuments in 1843, an Athenaeum reviewer complained, ‘[T]he smile of pity at mistaken piety, or the laugh of derision at ostentatious pride, are the emotions most frequently excited in visiting a modern cemetery.’1 The writer’s critique of mass-production’s degradation of makers and consumers (the monumental masons’ ‘book of “patterns” ‘ is blamed for multiplying a few ‘hackneyed commonplaces’) reflects two early Victorian doubts about the cemetery, an institution then barely two decades old in Britain: that its prevailing affective tone was not mourning and sober contemplation, and that the cemetery was evidence of society’s debased spiritual condition.
The Sonnets as Theatre
Authors: Edmondson Paul , Wells Stanley 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Shakespeare’s sonnets are as close as we can get to being the private poems of an otherwise public writer. His verse narratives, Venus and Adonis (1593) and The Rape of Lucrece (1594), were, everything suggests, set into type at his desire soon after he wrote them. His enigmatic, haunting, and esoteric short poem ‘The Phoenix and Turtle’ (or ‘Let the Bird of Loudest Lay’) was published in 1601 as part of an appendix to a volume of poems called Love’s Martyr by the obscure Robert Chester, no doubt with Shakespeare’s approval. And though only half of his plays appeared in print while he was alive, all of them were published by performance, the medium that he appears to have preferred for them.
History of Universities
Authors: Feingold Mordechai 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Volume XVII of History of Universities contains the customary mix of learned articles, book reviews, conference reports, and bibliographical information, which makes this publication such an indispensable tool for the historian of higher education. Its contributions range widely geographically, chronologically, and in subject-matter. The volume is, as always, a lively combination of original research and invaluable reference material.
Public Politics
Authors: Knights Mark 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter seeks to provide the reader with some idea of the forms which partisan politics took and how the ‘public’ took on a new significance and importance. The central theme is public politics and the aim is to explore the nature of partisan conflict as it was played out in front of, and with, the public. It is important to sketch some of the ways in which the representation of the public was conceived in theory and worked out in practice. This is best done by examining particular local contexts, since these not only make conceptual problems concerning representation both concrete and personal, but also highlight many of the questions facing contemporaries. A key one was how might, or should, a (or the) public voice be represented? As will become apparent, voting was only one form of representative practice.
Truth and Fiction in the Age of Party
Authors: Knights Mark 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The previous chapter examined contemporary fears that public discourse was threatened by irrationality, abusiveness, and libel, all of which made judgement about politicians and their policies difficult. As we saw, con­ temporaries feared that polemic might be deliberately misleading. This chapter explores the question of truth and political lying in more detail, suggesting that it was a central concern to all participants and their audience, and that the political culture of the later Stuart period was one preoccupied with the language of politics, fiction, and truth-claims. Fierce conflict between parties placed enormous pressure on language and manners. Through the everyday practice of partisan politics, there­ fore, issues that are far more associated with an eighteenth-century enlightenment agenda, such as rationality, truth, and fact, were routinely discussed.
Introduction
Authors: Sperber Jonathan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The years between 1800 and 1870 are often known as the ‘pre-unification’ era of modern German history. Describing these seven decades as a precursor to the founding of a unified German nation-state in 1871 is a problematic choice of terms. It implies that the developments of the period are to be understood primarily as leading up to that scene in the Hall of Mirrors at Versailles, where the Grand Duke of Baden, on Bismarck’s prompting, proclaimed King Wilhelm I of Prussia the German emperor.
Political and diplomatic movements, 1850–1870 National movement, liberal movement, great-power struggles, and the creation of the German Empire
Authors: Green Abigail 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In terms of political institutions and boundaries, Germany emerged relatively unscathed from the seismic shocks of 1848. Superficially, Germany in the early 1850s looked much the same as in the 1840s. This was true both at a confederal level and in the individual German states. In May 1851, the German Confederation resumed its position as the central framework for national politics, after negotiations held in Dresden during the early months of that year established it as the least divisive solution to the German question.
Narrative
Authors: Davenport Tony 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Narrative theory is not a twentieth-century Russo-French invention but existed in classical Greek and Roman times and was familiar to educated writers and readers of the Middle Ages. Plato, Aristotle, Cicero, Horace were cited as authorities even when the actual texts (particularly of the Greek philosophers) were not available to be read and when their teaching was known only because it was quoted by translators and transmitters such as Boethius.
Postscript
Authors: Davenport Tony 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The variety of medieval storytelling makes one realize the more limited range of styles and effects in modern written narrative which has almost entirely, in European and American languages at any rate, restricted itself to the novel and the short story in prose. One has to look to radio and film to supply the extensions which verse-form made available in the past. Modern imitations of medieval narrative have seldom copied medieval language or poetic form unless they are actually modern versions of particular texts such as Ezra Pound’s The Seafarer.
Greek Drama and Anti-Colonialism Decolonizing Classics
Authors: Hardwick Lorna 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the theatre of the last three decades Greek drama has assumed major importance as an arena for the articulation of anti-colonialist ideas and as a forum for the exploration of post-colonial debates about the relationships between cultural and political identities. My approach to this problematic and sometimes inspiring topic is based on an exploration of practice-in poetry, in theatre, and in the development of self-reflexive cultural criticism.
History of Universities
Authors: van Liere Frans 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Volume XVIII/1 of History of Universities contains the customary mix of learned articles, book reviews, conference reports and bibliographical information, which makes this publication such an indispensible tool for the historian of higher education. Its contributions range widely geographically, chronogically, and in subject-matter. The volume is, as always, a lively combination of original research and invaluable reference material.