bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MRI for axial SpA: Diagnosis, disease activity assessment, and recent advances
Authors: Chan Shirley Chiu Wai , Chung Ho Yin 
Published: January 2024

AbstractMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a sensitive imaging modality to detect early inflammatory changes in axial spondyloarthritis (SpA). Over a decade has passed since the inclusion of MRI assessment in the 2009 Assessment of SpondyloArthritis International Society (ASAS) classification criteria for axial SpA. Evidence and clinical experience of MRI in axial SpA have accumulated rapidly since. This has led to a better understanding of the clinical utility of MRI in early diagnosis, disease activity assessment, and monitoring of treatment response in axial SpA. Furthermore, technological advancements have paved the way for the development of novel MRI sequences for the quantification of inflammation and image optimization. The field of artificial intelligence has also been explored to aid medical imaging interpretation, including MRI in axial SpA. This review serves to provide an update on the latest understanding of the evolving roles of MRI in axial SpA.
Whether full‐length IL‐38 acts as a promoter or inhibitor in activating rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast‐like synoviocytes depends on IL‐1β
Authors: Ding Yudan , Shao Ju , Liu Cai , Li Zhengtong , Zhang Yuping , Jie Ligang , Zhu Xiaotong , Liang Bibo , Yu Qinghong , Wu Jing 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAimIL‐38 is a recently discovered inflammatory factor that belongs to the IL‐1 family and has full‐length and truncated forms. Clinical findings demonstrated that serum IL‐38 levels in people with infectious and autoimmune diseases are significantly different from those in healthy people, but the form remains unclear. We are keenly interested in learning more about the regulatory role of full‐length IL‐38 in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a classic autoimmune disease.MethodsRA‐fibroblast‐like synoviocytes (RA‐FLS) were isolated from six RA patients and stimulated with full‐length IL‐38 to observe IL‐6 and IL‐8 secretion. Then, the migration and invasion functions of FLS were assessed. Next, the protein expressions of the MAPK, NF‐κB, and JAK pathways were evaluated. In addition, we examined the effect of full‐length IL‐38 on FLS functions in the presence of IL‐1β. The function of FLS affected by full‐length IL‐38 was also examined after blocking IL‐1 and IL‐36 receptors.ResultsThe functions of FLS were activated after the cells were stimulated with full‐length IL‐38. IL‐6 and IL‐8 levels increased with an increase in the full‐length IL‐38 concentration, and full‐length IL‐38 induced the acceleration of FLS migration and invasion functions. In addition, the levels of proteins in the MAPK signaling pathway increased after stimulation with full‐length IL‐38 and depended on its concentration. However, when the FLS were stimulated by IL‐38 and IL‐1β simultaneously, all experiments generated opposite results. Full‐length IL‐38 inhibited FLS function in the presence of IL‐1β. IL‐1R and IL‐36R blockers terminated all effects of full‐length IL‐38 on RA‐FLS.ConclusionFull‐length IL‐38 activates FLS functions and acts as a promoter in RA, whereas it inhibits FLS functions and acts as an inhibitor of RA in the presence of IL‐1β. The function of full‐length IL‐38 can be blocked by IL‐1Ra and IL‐36Ra.
Availability of substance use disorder treatment in Spanish: Associations with state‐level proportions of Spanish speakers and treatment facility characteristics in the United States
Authors: Ware Orrin D. , Cano Monique T. , Dalal Safa M. , Garza Noe , Martinez Suky , Salloum Ihsan 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesSpanish is the second most spoken language in the United States. Not all substance use disorder (SUD) treatment facilities provide treatment in Spanish. This study examined factors associated with SUD treatment facilities having counselors that provide treatment in Spanish.MethodsState‐level estimates of Spanish‐speaking individuals were derived from the American Community Survey 2019. SUD treatment facility characteristics were captured from the National Survey of Substance Abuse Treatment Services 2020. We examined a sample of 15,246 facilities which included 12,798 outpatient, 3554 nonhospital residential, and 1106 with both outpatient and residential programs. Binary logistic regression models were used to observe state‐level proportions of Spanish speakers and facility‐level characteristics as factors associated with a facility having counselors that provide treatment in Spanish.ResultsApproximately 23.3% of facilities had counselors able to provide treatment in Spanish. Among outpatient or nonhospital residential SUD facilities, those in a state with a larger proportion of Spanish‐speaking individuals, facilities with pay assistance, facilities that accept Medicaid, and facilities that engage in community outreach had higher odds of having counselors that provide treatment in Spanish.ConclusionsConsidering that less than a quarter of facilities provide treatment in Spanish, increasing the availability of linguistically appropriate and culturally responsive services for SUD is imperative.Scientific SignificanceThis national study is the first of its kind to examine associations between estimates of Spanish speakers and treatment facility characteristics associated with counselors that provide treatment in Spanish in outpatient and nonhospital residential SUD treatment.
Idiopathic erythrocytosis: A diagnostic and management challenge with emerging areas for exploration
Authors: O'Neill Caitlin , O'Connell Casey 
Published: January 2024

SummaryDespite published algorithms for approaching the work‐up of erythrocytosis, a significant proportion of patients are left with uncertainty as to its aetiology and prognosis. The term ‘idiopathic erythrocytosis’ (IE) is applied when known primary and secondary aetiologies have been ruled out. However, the assignment of secondary aetiologies is not always straightforward or evidence based, which can lead to misdiagnosis and heterogeneity in cohort studies. Furthermore, new studies have identified germline or somatic mutations that may affect prognosis. Epidemiological and cohort data are inconsistent as to whether IE increases the risk for complications such as arterial and venous thromboembolism, clonal transformation or comorbid conditions. Randomized trials assessing the role of phlebotomy for long‐term management of IE have not been performed, so treatment remains a vexing problem for clinicians. Standardization of terminology and testing strategies, including comprehensive genetic screening in clinical research, are key to refining our understanding of IE.
Emicizumab prophylaxis in infants: Single‐centre experience
Authors: Levy‐Mendelovich Sarina , Greenberg‐kushnir Noa , Budnik Ivan , Barg Assaf Arie , Cohen Omri , Avishai Einat , Barazani‐Brutman Tami , Livnat Tami , Kenet Gili 
Published: January 2024

SummaryThe hallmark of haemophilia A (HA) therapy is prophylaxis, aimed at spontaneous bleeding prevention. Emicizumab provides a viable alternative to intravenous factor replacement therapy. However, data on its use in infants are limited. This single‐centre open arm prospective study reports on emicizumab prophylaxis in infants. We included severe HA patients under 1 year who started emicizumab prophylaxis since 2018, with longitudinal follow‐up. The study collected data on demographics, clinical and laboratory variables, the occurrence of bleeding events, surgeries and treatment outcomes. Of the 27 enrolled infants, whose median age at prophylaxis initiation was 7 months, 24 primarily choose to start emicizumab therapy (3/27 switched from FVIII prophylaxis due to development of FVIII inhibitors). The median age for prophylaxis initiation decreased to 3 months in 2023. Following emicizumab initiation, the median calculated ABR decreased, and no intracranial haemorrhages were observed. Thrombin generation showed a significant improvement in peak height and endogenous thrombin potential at steady state after a loading period. Our study highlights a shift towards early prophylaxis in the era of non‐replacement therapies. It underscores the need for continuous evaluation and refinement of treatment approaches, emphasizing personalized care and diligent monitoring in the evolving field of paediatric haemophilia care.
Multimodality imaging for comprehensive non‐invasive diagnosis of aorto‐left ventricular tunnel in infancy
Authors: Rakha Shaimaa , Batouty Nihal M. , Abdelrahman Alaa , ElDerie Ahmad AbdelAleem 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundAorto‐left ventricular tunnel (ALVT) is a paravalvular communication between aorta and left ventricle. It is one of the rare congenital heart diseases which could present with heart failure.Case presentationA case of ALVT was diagnosed in infancy. Preliminary assessment was possible using conventional echocardiography; however, functional assessment and accurate anatomy of ALVT were further verified via variable imaging modalities starting from speckle tracking and three‐dimensional echocardiography to cardiac CT angiogram. The tunnel was successfully repaired with uneventful recovery.ConclusionsMultimodality imaging can accurately assess cardiac function and demonstrate the anatomy of ALVT noninvasively to plan for successful intervention.
Does excess capacity strengthen firms' dependence on the polluting path? Evidence from Chinese iron and steel firms
Authors: Ma Hongqi , Shen Guangjun , Zou Jingxian 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis paper studies the relationship between firms' excess capacity and their environmental behaviour by matching the environmental data of China's major iron and steel firms with the Chinese Industrial Enterprises database. The findings are as follows. (1) A firm's excess capacity leads to myopic decisions, and firms will pay more attention to short‐run economic benefits at the cost of long‐run environmental benefits, which strengthens their dependence on the polluting path. (2) The dependence is positively correlated with the transformation barriers, and either a higher innovation cost or a higher possibility of regulatory capture in local official governance would lead to greater dependence on the pollution path. (3) Mergers & acquisitions (M&As) may hopefully cut such dependency, but only cross‐provincial M&As led by central state‐owned enterprises (SOEs) can effectively alleviate the “pollution effect” of excess capacity, while intra‐provincial M&As led by local SOEs fail to achieve such a goal.
Do ties protect? Examining economic insecurity and mental health in mixed‐status families among undocumented undergraduates
Authors: Morales Josefina Flores , Enriquez Laura , Ayón Cecilia 
Published: January 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis research investigated whether economic insecurity is associated with undocumented undergraduate students' mental health and if having lawfully present family members mitigates the relationship between economic insecurity and mental health.BackgroundResearch shows that U.S.‐citizen family members deploy their status privilege, structural advantages enabled by their lawful immigration status, to help undocumented immigrant family members. However, no study to date has established whether such cross‐status support is sufficient to moderate consequences of legal vulnerability.MethodData are from a 2020 online survey of undocumented undergraduates in California (N = 777). Regression analyses test the relationship between economic insecurity (individual/familial) and mental health (anxiety and depression symptomology). The inclusion of interaction terms tests moderation of four lawfully present family ties: parents, siblings, extended family living in the household, and extended family living outside the household.ResultsUndocumented students' own economic insecurity is associated with increased anxiety and depression symptomatology. Having lawfully present extended family members in the household can buffer this relationship, but it also strengthens the relationship between familial economic insecurity and anxiety.ConclusionLawfully present family members may use their status privilege to offer support in certain contexts but are insufficient to address severe structural inequalities linked to one's immigration status.ImplicationsMental health professionals should be prepared to address a wide array of legal vulnerabilities including economic insecurity. Economic insecurity is a moveable and policy‐relevant lever that can be addressed by allocating more student resources, such as support buying books, obtaining affordable housing, and access to food.
Gastric Helicobacter pylori infection does not contribute to extraoral halitosis and its eradication cannot achieve substantial reduction of halitosis
Authors: Chen Ying , Qian Xiao Xian 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundSome researchers have suggested that Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is attributed to extraoral halitosis. However, this viewpoint is increasingly challenged by clinical practice. This study was conducted with the aim of investigating changes of extraoral halitosis before and after H. pylori eradication.Materials and MethodsData of patients who had H. pylori infection and extraoral halitosis were retrospectively collected. H. pylori infection was diagnosed by positive 13C urea breath test (UBT). Extraoral halitosis was diagnosed by organoleptic score (OLS) ≥2 in nose breath. A 14‐day bismuth‐based quadruple therapy was administered for H. pylori eradication. Extraoral halitosis was examined before eradication (T1), on the first day after eradication (T2), 1 month after eradication (T3), and 3 months after eradication (T4). Eradication effect was checked by UBT at T3.ResultsA total of 100 patients were included. Eradication was successful in 74 out of 100 (74%) patients (success group) and failed in 26 out of 100 (26%) patients (failure group). 32 out of 74 (43.24%) patients in success group and 10 out of 26 (38.46%) patients in failure group had reduced halitosis at T2, 9 out of 74 (12.16%) patients in success group and 2 out 26 (7.69%) patients in failure group had relapsed halitosis at T3, and 23 out of 74 (31.08%) patients in success group and 8 out of 26 (30.77%) patients in failure group had relapsed halitosis at T4, without significant difference between groups at any time (p = 0.918, p = 0.808, and p = 0.808 respectively).ConclusionsHelicobacter pylori infection does not contribute to extraoral halitosis. H. pylori eradication can achieve sustained but slight reduction of extraoral halitosis, probably due to its antibiotic effects on the gut microbiota rather than H. pylori.
Rhuddanian to Aeronian (Llandovery, early Silurian) carbon isotope stratigraphy throughout carbonate sequences in the upper Yangtze region, South China block
Authors: Yu Shenyang , Li Qijian , Kershaw Stephen , Munnecke Axel , Mao Yingyan , Li Yue 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe Xiangshuyuan Formation (middle Rhuddanian to middle Aeronian stages of the Llandovery Series, lower Silurian) records a shelly fauna representing recovery after the end‐Ordovician mass extinction in a well‐oxygenated shallow carbonate platform of the Upper Yangtze region, South China Block. Carbon isotope stratigraphy is documented from limestone sequences of the formation at the Qiankou section, northeast Guizhou. The early Aeronian carbon isotope excursion (EACIE, with an amplitude of about 2 ‰ and peak value of 2.44 ‰) is identified in the middle and upper parts of the formation (Ozarkodina obesa conodont Biozone). The EACIE recorded herein correlates well with those in Baltica, Canada, and the United States; together with its records from organic material (δ13Corg) the data verify that the EACIE is a global event. The beginning of the EACIE can be used as a chemostratigraphic marker defining the Rhuddanian/Aeronian boundary in strata that lack high‐resolution biostratigraphic constraints.
Reference intervals of cell population data parameters in Sysmex XN‐Series and its patterns of changes from early adulthood to geriatric ages in South Korea
Authors: Choi Yong Jun , Park Ju‐Heon , Cho Seon , Park Hyeran , Kim Suyoung , Kwon Eunjoo , Cho Han‐Ik , Nah Eun‐Hee 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIntroductionCell population data (CPD) parameters may be putative biomarkers for the screening of various diseases including some infections and myelodysplastic syndrome. This study aimed to establish the age‐ and sex‐specific reference intervals (RIs) for the CPD parameters in the Korean population.MethodsThe reference population for the RIs of CPD parameters comprised 124 856 subjects aged 20–99 years. CPD parameters were obtained from Sysmex XN‐2000 (Kobe, Japan) datasets from 17 health promotion centers in 13 South Korean cities. We determined significant partitions for age and sex, and calculated RIs according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute C28‐A3 guidelines.ResultsThe side scattered light intensity in the neutrophil area and the lymphocyte area did not require sex‐related partitioning except in those over the age of 50, among whom the lower limit (LL) and upper limit (UL) were lower in females. However, the side scattered light distribution width in the lymphocyte area required age‐ and sex‐related partitioning, in which LL and UL were higher in females. The LL and UL of the fluorescent light distribution width were higher in males in the neutrophil area and higher in females in the lymphocyte area, but age‐related partitioning was not required. The forward scattered light intensity in the neutrophil area, lymphocyte area, and monocyte area did not require age‐related partitioning in males.ConclusionThis study has determined comprehensive age‐ and sex‐specific RIs for CPD parameters, which could help to prove the clinical significance of these parameters in the Sysmex XN‐2000.
The two‐child limit and child poverty in the United Kingdom
Authors: Chzhen Yekaterina , Bradshaw Jonathan 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe United Kingdom two‐child policy was announced in 2015 and began to operate from April 2017. A mother claiming a range of means‐tested benefits who had a third or subsequent child born after 6 April 2017 could not receive a child addition for them, while a new claimant with three or more children would now receive no more than a claimant with two children. Using data from nationally representative annual living conditions surveys for the period up to 2019/20, we find that larger families experienced substantial real income losses since the introduction of the two‐child limit, with proportionally greater losses among those on lower incomes. Income losses among larger families were driven primarily by changes in income penalties to family characteristics, such as the presence of children under three, rather than changes in the distribution of these characteristics. Although this is not a causal analysis, these findings are consistent with a negative impact of the policy change on larger families' incomes.
Escaping the trap of temporary employment: Precariousness among young people before and after Spain's 2021 labour market reform act
Authors: Verd Joan M. , Godino Alejandro , González‐Heras Alejandro , Rodríguez‐Soler Joan 
Published: January 2024

AbstractTemporary employment has been the core dimension of employment precariousness in Spain for decades. In December 2021, a labour market reform aimed at reducing the use of fixed‐term contracts, which especially affected young people, was passed. This article compares the situation of young workers before and after this labour market reform, with the objective of identifying internal differences among this age group. The results show a substantial reduction in the prevalence of temporary employment after the reform, although they also show that temporary employment, as well as incipient forms of precariousness such as involuntary part‐time employment, are more concentrated than before among the most disadvantaged in this age group, following traditional patterns of segmentation in the labour market. This article, therefore, provides insights into which profiles of young workers were better off after the reform and which were not, offering valuable lessons for other countries with similar labour market challenges.
Toward a configurational understanding of global supply chain complexity
Authors: Franke Henrik , Chae Sangho , Foerstl Kai 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn this editorial for our special topic forum (STF) on Global Supply Chain Research, we present a novel approach that empowers firms to evaluate their supply chain complexity's current state and potentially reveal hidden patterns of complexity. Our focus lies in developing a configurational understanding of global supply chain complexity, leveraging the diverse perspectives, and insights provided by the existing literature on this subject. Furthermore, we shed light on exciting opportunities for future research and introduce the accepted research papers featured in this STF.
Comparative analysis of craniofacial shape in two mouse models of Down syndrome: Ts65Dn and TcMAC21
Authors: Singh Nandini , Richtsmeier Joan T. , Reeves Roger H. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractMouse models are central to studying and understanding the genotypic‐to‐phenotypic outcomes of Down syndrome (DS), a complex condition caused by an extra copy of the long arm of human chromosome 21. The recently developed TcMAC21—a transchromosomic mouse strain with comparable gene dosage to human chromosome 21 (Hsa21)—includes more Hsa21 genes than any other model of DS. Recent studies on TcMAC21 have provided valuable insight into the molecular, physiological, and neuroanatomical aspects of the model. However, relatively little is known about the craniofacial phenotype of TcMAC21 mice, particularly as it compares to the widely studied Ts65Dn model. Here we conducted a quantitative study of the cranial morphology of TcMAC21 and Ts65Dn mice and their respective unaffected littermates. Our comparative data comprise forty three‐dimensional cranial measurements taken on micro‐computed tomography scans of the heads of TcMAC21 and Ts65Dn mice. Our results show that TcMAC21 exhibit similar patterns of craniofacial change to Ts65Dn. However, the DS‐specific morphology is more pronounced in Ts65Dn mice. Specifically, Ts65Dn present with more medio‐lateral broadening and retraction of the snout compared to TcMAC21. Our findings reveal the complexity of potential gene interaction in the production of craniofacial phenotypes.