bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Emerson and Antislavery
Authors: Collison Gary 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
“Emerson,” said Oliver Wendell Holmes in his 1884 biography, had never been identified with the abolitionists.”1 Many biographers and critics have argued that just the opposite is true, pointing to Emerson’s numerous private and public statements against slavery. Still, for a variety of reasons, Holmes’s erroneous view of Emerson has been remarkably persistent. Not the least of these reasons are Emerson’s own words. “Every reformer is partial and exaggerates some one grievance,” and every reformer’s obsessions are “somewhat ridiculous,” wrote Emerson in his 1839 lecture “The Protest” (EL, 91). Even as the Civil War approached and Emerson shared the platform with abolitionists on dozens of occasions, he still disdainfully kept many of them at arm’s length. “They are a bitter, sterile people, whom I flee from,” he wrote in his journal (JMN, 14:166). Similar disparaging remarks about abolitionists and other reformers punctuate Emerson’s lectures, journals, and letters. This attitude, together with his oft-expressed repugnance toward involvement in the political arena and his insistent self-portraiture of himself as a poet-philosopher, has inevitably supported the view promoted by Holmes of an aloof and remote “Sage of Concord.”
We Find What We Seek
Authors: Bosco Ronald A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Justifying his selective appropriation of historical fact to suit his artistic purposes while writing The Crucible, the American playwright Athur Miller remarked, “One finds I suppose what one seeks.”1 Miller’s comment recognizes the influence that the intellectual and imaginative predispositions of writers and readers exert on historical materials, and it is as instructive for biographical and critical writing as it is for works of fiction or drama that have their source in history. It is especially instructive in accounting for the variety of ways in which biographers and critics have treated Ralph Waldo Emerson’s life and thought since the nineteenth century, for Emerson’s biographers have never been casual commentators on their subject. Typically, they have approached Emerson with a clearly defined view of his ideas, inner life, social significance, and influence on American culture. Similarly, although scholarly criticism on Emerson has not always concentrated on his biography, critics have invariably selected biographical elements to help make the case for their particular reading of his thought and its relation to his times.
Candidate Laws For The Coconstruction Of A Biosphere
Authors: Kauffman Stuart A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
For The Purpose of our discussion here, grant that molecular autonomous agents propagate organization and evolve by the roughly familiar Darwinian aegis of mutation and selection. These agents-coevolving with one another, dis covering displacements from equilibrium that can be used to accomplish work, making records of such sources of energy, then linking those exergonic reactions to endergonic reactions-are the means by which our biosphere has come into being, actually coconstructed by the activities, accidents, striving, and failures of these au-tonomous agents, exapting persistently into their adjacent possible.
A Coconstructing Cosmos?
Authors: Kauffman Stuart A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Whatever the risk, two facts are true. First, since the big bang our universe has become enormously complex. Second, we do not have a theory for why the universe is complex. Equally unarguably, the biosphere has increased in molecular diversity over the past four billion years, just as the standing diversity of species has in creased. And equally unarguably, the econosphere has become more complex over the past few million years of hominid evolution. We know this with confidence. If we lack a theory, it is not because the staggering facts of increasing diversity and complexity that stare us in the face do not deserve a theory to account for them.
The Great Themes in Hemingway: Love, War, Wilderness, and Loss
Authors: Svoboda Frederic J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Hemingway’s appeal to the public far transcends his purely literary achievements. Hemingway has a place in American culture, even for many who have not read him. The Attenborough film was a workmanlike treatment of the young Hemingway’s 1918 love affair with nurse Agnes von Kurowsky, the real-life prototype for Catherine Barkley in Hemingway’s great novel of World War I, A Farewell to Arms. In Love and War had the singular misfortune to appear in the same season as Anthony Minghella’s The English Patient, a far more effective treatment of similar themes. Even so, In Love and War, based on von Kurowsky’s diaries of the time, still attracted considerable notice and prompted new attention to the facts-or stereotypes-of Hemingway’s life and work. Why should such interest continue, more than thirty-five years after the author’s suicide? Why should a respected director devote his time to such a production? Certainly a director of epics such as Attenborough is always in need of epic material, and the First World War and a love affair that may have propelled an author to world-class achievement might have seemed worthy of attention.
Conclusion
Authors: Roberts Felicia D 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The very beginnings of science are always the capacity to be able to be amazed by apparently simple things. For example, if you assume that an apple falls to the ground because that’s its natural place-so it’s uninteresting-[then] you have no science. If you begin to ask yourself “why does the apple fall to the ground and not rise to the sky;” if you allow yourself to be puzzled by that simple fact, well then you find you have a rather serious question before you. And science begins.
What Global Plan for Economic Policy?
Authors: Küng Hans 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Beyond question, different economic, political and social-philosophical plans for an economic order underlie different measures in economic policy. For decades there has been an ongoing discussion about this among economists and I must enter into it here (as I entered earlier into discussion among political scientists) because of the consequences for a global ethic. However, I shall not lose myself in the details of economics, which are infinitely complex. My modest aim is to make clear what global plan of economic policy best corresponds to the overall view presented here, which is governed by ethics. In the face of the market economy which has been establishing itself all over the world with tremendous speed during the last decade, critical reflection is particularly urgent. What kind of market economy should be established? That is the question.
Celia’s Case(1857)
Authors: Gordon-Reed Annette 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
If one were to start, there would be no end to the horror stories that could be told about the nightmare of American slavery. Although the institution was a marked catastrophe for a people, the fundamentally tragic nature of slavery unfolded, in historian Walter Johnson’s apt phrase, “soul by soul.” Each enslaved man, woman, and child could tell his or her own unique tale of suffering during a time when law, culture, economics, and religion-the pillars that sustain a society-worked in concert against the humanity of black people. For the most part, the stories of individuals who lived in bondage are lost from the historical record. That is why each story that has survived must be treated as the rare, and thus valuable, artifact that it is.
Jack Johnson Versus The American Racial Hierarchy(1913)
Authors: Morgan Denise C 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Asserting a strong sense of individuality-by exercising the right to excel at what, to live where, and to love whom one desires-has been a punishable offense for black Americans for most of the history of the United States. Even after the abolition of race-based slavery, Jim Crow laws con strained the ability of black Americans to act upon their individual de sires by limiting their social, political, and economic mobility. In addition to legal impediments, white Americans used the threat of lynching and rape to deter such assertive behavior. The system of racial segregation and subordination that prevailed in the United States from the end of the Civil War through the middle of the twentieth century was maintained by the ever present threat and the consistent reality of violence.
Race, Affirmative Action, And Higher Education On Trial: Regents v. Bakke(1978)
Authors: Ball Howard 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Dawn, October 12, 1977. Hundreds of people lined up at the U.S. Supreme Court building, waiting to enter the Court to hear the oral arguments in the case of Regents of the University of California Board v. Allan Bakke. That evening, all three television network anchors led off the news with comments about Bakke. Walter Cronkite on CBS news said, “The Supreme Court heard arguments in a controversial case that could produce its most important civil rights ruling in two decades.” On ABC News, Harry Reasoner began, “Good evening. One of the most important civil rights cases in two decades, the Allan Bakke reverse discrimination suit, was argued before the Supreme Court today.”
Black And White: The O. J. Simpson Case(1995)
Authors: Hixson Walter L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The 0. J. Simpson case was the most sensational criminal drama in American history. Never before had such a volatile mixture of celebrity, murder, media, glitz, sleaze, grandstanding, incompetence, and injustice come together in a series of judicial proceedings that seemingly would not end. More than a mere media event, however, the Simpson case illuminated the status of race relations in the United States. Its disturbing outcome revealed just how deeply divided Americans remained over issues of race and justice.
Jackson’s Writings on the Falling Sickness Reviewed
Authors: Critchley Macdonald , Critchley Eileen A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In 1879, Dr. W.R. Gowers, a colleague of Hughlings Jackson’s at the National Hospital, was elected Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians. As is traditional, one of the youngest in the group is chosen to deliver the Goulstonian Lectures; Gowers gave them in 1880. His topic was epilepsy, based upon his personal experience of 1,450 cases. Gowers published the lecture in book form in 1881. A second, much-expanded version, based now on 3,000 cases personally studied, appeared in 1901.
In One Voice: Autobiographical Acts in Maxine Hong Kingston’s The Woman Warrior and Hisaye Yamamoto’s “The Legend of Miss Sasagawara”
Authors: Rodríguez Barbara 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In 1976, Maxine Hong Kingston’s The Woman Warrior: Memoirs of a Girlhood among Ghosts received the National Book Critics Circle Award in the category of nonfiction. Two years later, the autobiography also won for the author the Ainsfield-Wolf Race Relations Award. And during the subsequent decades, the work has garnered astounding praise, becoming according to most estimates the most widely taught text on American college and university campuses, a fact attested to by the Modern Language Association’s publication Approaches to Teaching Maxine Hong Kingston’s “The Woman Warrior”; its chapter headings include: “The Woman Warrior in the Women’s Studies Classroom,” “Woman Warriors and Military Students,” and “The Woman Warrior in the History Classroom,” titles that illustrate the popularity of the narrative (Lim, 1991).
Clinical Evaluation
Authors: Petersen Ronald C 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
When a person presents with a memory complaint or an informant suspects a memory problem, the clinician must decide if this complaint warrants a thorough evaluation. If a cognitive complaint is a major concern for the subject, then an evaluation should be undertaken. The clinical evaluation of a person with a suspected memory problem is similar to that of a dementia evaluation (Petersen, 2003). Presuming that we are discussing the amnestic form of a mild cognitive impairment (MCI), the primary history and evaluation should revolve around issues of memory performance.
Treatment of Mild Cognitive Impairment and Prospects for Prevention of Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Knopman David S 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The therapeutic era of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) began in the 1980s with a good deal of naivete about the goals of therapy and the means to achieve success. Patients with diagnosed AD were naturally the subjects for initial clinical trials. Initial expectations for discovery of short-term improvements were not realized. Gains in function were particularly difficult to document, in part because patients with diagnosed dementia are already quite constrained in what they are allowed to do. The realization that clinically meaningful benefits would be difficult to produce in mild to moderately demented individuals was somewhat disheartening.
Shortest Paths and Routing
Authors: Miller Harvey J , Shaw Shih-Lung 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
At the core of any GIS-T software are procedures or algorithms for con ducting analyses and solving routing and location problems within a network. This is the first of two chapters that discuss network algorithms for transportation analysis. This chapter focuses on methods for calculating shortest paths and solving vehicle and fleet routing problems in a network. The next chapter will complete the survey of network algorithms by discussing methods for solving network flow problems and finding optimal or near-optimal facility locations.
Logistics
Authors: Miller Harvey J , Shaw Shih-Lung 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Logistics refers to the planning and management of material, service, information or capital flows within an organization (Cox 1999). The organization is typically a private sector enterprise, although military and government organizations also require logistic services. Since many organizations are geographically dispersed, sometimes at global scales, logistics involves planning and managing transportation networks and/or services. Logistics increasingly involves sophisticated information and communication technologies to coordinate these dispersed and intricate systems.
Hawthorne and the Slavery Question
Authors: Yellin Jean Fagan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Beguiled, perhaps, by his brilliant self-portrayal of the artist as politically disengaged, critics generally have neglected examining Hawthorne’s failure to participate in the historic effort of s generation to end chattel slavery. They apparently have assumed that, unlike his Concord neighbors Emerson, Thoreau, and Fuller, he was largely unaware of the great moral struggle going on all around him. Yet there is considerable evidence to the contrary. In the years before he wrote the great romances, Hawthorne became intimately acquainted with the essential facts of chattel slavery, as well as with the debate raging around it. This chapter will explore why this knowledge fails to show itself in the great romances, where it might naturally be expected to illustrate their major theme of psychological bondage.
Constituency and the Grammar of Turn Increments
Authors: Ford Cecilia E , Fox Barbara A , Thompson Sandra A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Much work in linguistics of the last fifty years has relied on the notion of grammatical “constituents,” hierarchically organized groups of words and phrases. Since the 1930s, “constituent” has generally been. understood as a schematic group of words which is: This two-part understanding of constituent incorporates both the insight that a “constituent” is a part of a larger element (I) and the insight that it has internal coherence (2). The notion of “constituent” has proven itself to be valuable to analysts, both within the generative paradigm (see, e.g., Radford 1988, 1997) as well as within a discourse-functional framework (see, e.g., Giv6n 1995; Nichols 1986; Payne 1990).
Producing Sense with Nonsense Syllables: Turn and Sequence in Conversations with a Man with Severe Aphasia
Authors: Goodwin Charles , Goodwin Marjorie H , Olsher David 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter investigates the collaborative production of meaning and action in the speech of a man in his early eighties named Chil diagnosed with severe non fluent aphasia. Our data are drawn from over 200 hours of videotaped naturally occur ring interaction in Chil’s home recorded by Charles Goodwin and Marjorie Harness Goodwin over the past seven years.
Tropical Only Hurricanes
Authors: Elsner James B , Kara A Birol 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
To help understand the climatology of North Atlantic hurricanes it is useful to distinguish between two types of hurricanes. From the point-of-view of ontogeny, tropicalonly hurricanes originate and develop free of any enhancing middle latitude baroclinic influences. Non-tropical-only hurricanes are baroclinically-enhanced. Motivations for considering tropical-only hurricanes as a separate category of North Atlantic basin hurricanes were presented in Chapter 3. In several ways the origin and development of a tropical-only hurricane represents the maturation of a “classic” (or textbook) tropical cyclone. Many of these hurricanes form from easterly waves traveling at low latitudes across the North Atlantic during August and September. In this chapter a fresh perspective on North Atlantic hurricanes is provided by considering various statistics of tropical-only hurricanes. Comparisons are made between tropical-only and nontropical-only hurricane activity.
Hurricanes of Puerto Rico, Jamaica, and Bermuda
Authors: Elsner James B , Kara A Birol 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter surveys the hurricane climatology for regions of the West Indies and the western North Atlantic. Similarities in hurricane activity are noted between the regions. Yet each region displays unique characteristics. In particular, data are examined for the occurrence of hurricanes over and around Puerto Rico, Jamaica, and Bermuda. Hurricanes that influence Puerto Rico tend to arrive in bunches separated by long intervals of little activity. This suggests their frequencies may be related to long-period changes in climate. Higher surface pressures over the area might inhibit activity during some decades. While hurricanes of Puerto Rico are most likely during September, Jamaica sees a proportionally larger number of storms during October. This is related to the previously noted annual increase in the probability of storms forming over the western Caribbean after the seasonal peak in activity. Bermuda also sees late-October hurricanes, but annual hurricane threat frequencies for Bermuda are positively correlated with frequencies for Puerto Rico and negatively correlated with frequencies for Jamaica. This chapter looks at these facts in some detail.
The Movement We Helped to Make
Authors: Bond Julian 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
On a February day in 1960, I was sitting in a cafe near my college campus in Atlanta. It was a place where students went between or instead of classes. A student named Lonnie King approached me. I knew Lonnie only as a football player on Morehouse’s losing team and, as a Navy veteran, some years older than our schoolmates. He was holding a copy of that day’s Atlanta Daily World, the city’s black newspaper. He pointed to the headline: Greensboro Students Sit-in for Third Day!
Running Battle Washington’s War at Home
Authors: Wells Tom 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Vietnam War gave rise to opposition unprecedented in U.S. history. Never before had so many U.S. citizens defied their government during wartime. And yet officials often feigned disregard of antiwar protest. They made it known that foreign policy would not be made in the streets, certainly not by people who lacked the same inside information on the war that they had, or by those who were too emotional and perhaps not even rational. “Under no circumstances will I be affected whatever by it,” President Nixon declared.1 Nixon made a point of announcing that he would spend part of the afternoon of one large demonstration in Washington watching college football on television.
Introduction: Neuroscience
Authors: Davidson Richard J , Scherer, Klaus R , Goldsmith H Hill 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Over the past decade there has been a remarkable explosion of research on the neural substrates of affective processing. This work has involved a diverse range of species and has included many different methods. The chapters in this first part of the Handbook provide a roadmap and overview of this growing area. We place this part first because it provides the foundation for the parts that follow. We also wish to call attention to the possibility that neuroscience approaches to affective processes offer the potential of providing new ways of parsing the landscape of affect and have implications for many of the domains of affective science that follow in this Handbook. For many years, the study of emotion lay dormant in the biobehavioral sciences. While both William James (1890) and Walter Cannon (1929) described changes in brain function that accompanied emotion, it has only been during the past 30 years when the corpus of literature at the animal level has developed significantly (see LeDoux, 1987, for review). Similarly, while case reports of emotional changes in patients with localized lesions have been in the literature for more than 100 years (e.g., Harlow, 1868), it is only recently that more systematic studies of the emotional behavior of patients with discrete lesions have been published. The past decade has witnessed a veritable plethora of new texts on the neuroscience of emotion including Damasio (1994), LeDoux (1996), Panksepp (1998), and Rolls (1999). There has been a general recognition in the scientific community that the study of the neural substrates of at least some affective processes is tractable and has the potential of informing our understanding of the etiology of certain forms of psychopathology, of the relations between emotions and health, and of normal processes of emotional development and personality. This body of research is giving rise to the development of a new subdiscipline that has been termed affective neuroscience (Davidson & Sutton, 1995). Affective neuroscience shares many of the same conceptual and methodological approaches with its cognate discipline cognitive neuroscience. And in fact, as will be made more explicit below, the study of the neural substrates of affective and cognitive processes must proceed hand-in-hand since these processes are not clearly segregated in the brain, and are integrated seamlessly in everyday behavior and experience.