bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Post-operative cerebrospinal fluid leak: single-continuous versus double-breasted dural repair of myelomeningocele
Authors: Daibu Usman , Koko Aliyu Muhammad , Usman Babagana 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Myelomeningocele is the most common neural tube defect in our environment. Initial surgical management involves untethering and water-tight dural closure. Single-continuous dural repair is more straightforward and faster than the double-breasted repair, even though the latter offers more strength to the reconstructed dura as the repair is in two layers. Preference was given to single-continuous repair even though the two techniques were not compared in terms of post-operative cerebrospinal fluid leak. The aim of this study was to compare the frequency of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak following single-continuous versus double-breasted dural repair of myelomeningocele.

Patients and methods
This was a randomized prospective study that reviewed all patients that presented to Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital (UDUTH) Sokoto, Nigeria, with myelomeningocele who met the inclusion criteria. Fifty-four patients were enrolled into the study randomized into two groups of 27 patients each. Group 1 had single-continuous repair, while group 2 had double-breasted technique. Post-operatively, patients were assessed for post-operative cerebrospinal fluid leak and pseudomeningocele. Data collected were analysed using the statistical package for social sciences version 22.0. The value for significance was set at 0.05.

Results
The median age at presentation for both groups was 5 months. Both groups showed female preponderance with a female-to-male ratio of 1.3:1 and 1.7:1. Post-operative CSF leak occurred in 2(7.4%) patients in the single-continuous group compared to 3(11.1%) patients in the double-breasted group. Only 1(3.7%) patient in the single-continuous group developed pseudomeningocele and none in the double-breasted.

Conclusion
Dural repair technique of myelomeningocele does not influence the occurrence of post-operative cerebrospinal fluid leak.
Influence of sport type and gender on bone turnover markers in young athletes
Authors: Apiloko Joy O. , Aje Oluwakayode S. , Awotidebe Taofeek O. , Okhawere Martin I. , Mbada Chidozie E. , Onyeso Ogochukwu K. , Idomeh Festus A. , Adagbusi Charles O. , Oke Kayode I. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Exercise is beneficial to bone health. However, little is known about the interaction effect of gender and sport type on bone turnover in young athletes. This study aimed to examine the influence of gender and sports categories (high, medium, and low impact) on bone turnover: reabsorption markers–osteocalcin, calcium, inorganic phosphate (IP), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and resorption marker–cross-linked N-telopeptides of type 1 collagen (NTx) among a university’s undergraduate athletes.

Methods
The study was an ex-post facto design involving forty-seven purposively recruited gender- and sport-type-matched undergraduate athletes whose demographic characteristics and BMI were obtained. Participants’ 5 mL antecubital blood samples were collected and analysed for serum levels of osteocalcin, calcium, IP, ALP, and NTx using standard laboratory protocols, Bio-Tek spectrometer, and KC4 (3.3) software. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and two-way ANOVA.

Results
The study involved 24 females and 23 males (n = 47) aged 22.15 ± 3.35 years with an average BMI of 23.34 ± 4.66. There was no significant gender effect on the biomarkers. However, there was a significant effect of the sports category on IP (F = 4.307, p = 0.020), calcium (F = 6.807, p = 0.003), and ALP serum levels (F = 11.511, p < 0.001). Specifically, mid-impact sports participants had a higher IP than the low-impact group (mean difference [MD] = 0.81 mg/dL, p = 0.036). Low-impact had a higher calcium level than mid-impact (MD = 0.40 mg/dL, p = 0.022) and high-impact (MD = 0.49 mg/dL, p = 0.003). Conversely, low-impact had lower ALP than mid-impact (MD = − 11.13 U/L, p = 0.013) and high-impact (MD = − 17.44 IU/L, p < 0.001).

Conclusion
Moderate to high-impact sports positively affected bone turnover in young athletes. However, gender had no significant impact.
Photography on Tilt
Authors: Michell Kalani 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn 1968, after several disappointing years in Europe, where he wanted to trace his white aristocratic family tree, Frank Walter returns to his native Antigua and opens a photo studio. He didn't anticipate being seen in Europe as only Black, rather than mixed-race, and contemplates how to materialize this complex history. The studio was key for the one thousand two hundred fifty-plus miniature paintings he made before his death: he painted many of them on the back of studio photographs. To behold the relationship between the two sides of these images, one first has to suspend the knowledge claims and self-evident gestures that have relegated the photographic versos to static objects. One has to take hold of them — tilt, turn, and flip them. This article explores the overlooked role of contingency within the history of photography to reposition Walter's studio photographs/paintings as flip-objects. They do not just materially hold together aesthetic forms that are often epistemologically opposed to one another, inscribing studio photography, ephemera, blackness, and the Caribbean into Romantic painting, extant materials, whiteness, and Europe, for example. Rather, these works initiate a demand for reorientation, postulating that these different modes and media of visual representation can only be seen through one another, like a thaumatropic image.
Acute Coiling With Delayed Flow Diversion for Posterior Communicating Segment Internal Carotid Artery Aneurysms: A Multicenter Case Series
Authors: Enriquez Marulanda Alejandro , Young Michael , Shutran Max , Taussky Philipp , Kicielinski Kimberly , Ogilvy Christopher S. 
Published: October 2023

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
In ruptured posterior communicating artery (PcomA) aneurysms, the protection of the aneurysm dome alone with initial subtotal coiling decreases the risk of rerupture in the acute setting but does not provide durable/definitive long-term protection against delayed rupture. Delayed flow diverter (FD) placement can be a potential alternative to definitively secure these aneurysms without increasing the risk of complications and PComA occlusion. We analyzed PComA aneurysms treated with a planned delayed FD after primary coiling and assess radiographic and clinical outcomes.

METHODS:
We performed a retrospective study of prospectively collected data for intracranial aneurysms treated with planned FD at 2 institutions from 2013 to 2022. PComA aneurysms that underwent primary coiling and delayed FD placement were included for analysis.

RESULTS:
There were 29 PComA aneurysms identified that were included in the analysis. Patients were mostly female (79.3%), with a median age of 60 years. The mean aneurysm maximum diameter was 7.2 mm ± (5.3). Immediate Raymond-Roy occlusion grade after primary coiling was I in 48.3%, II in 41.4%, and III in 10.3% of aneurysms. The median time from initial coiling to planned delayed FD placement was 6.3 months (3.2-18.6). A total of 21 (72.4%) aneurysms underwent follow-up radiological imaging. Complete and near-complete occlusion status was achieved in 76.2% of the evaluated aneurysms. There were no retreatments and no evidence of delayed aneurysm rupture. One case (3.5%) presented thromboembolic complications and 1 (3.5%) intracranial hemorrhagic complication after FD placement, which was associated with mortality. Most patients (90.5%) had a modified Rankin scale of ≤2 on the last follow-up.

CONCLUSION:
Primary coiling with planned staged FD placement is effective for treating ruptured PComA aneurysms with high occlusion rates and low complications.
A chemo-mechanical model of endoderm movements driving elongation of the amniote hindgut
Authors: Oikonomou Panagiotis , Cirne Helena C. , Nerurkar Nandan L. 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT
Although mechanical and biochemical descriptions of development are each essential, integration of upstream morphogenic cues with downstream tissue mechanics remains understudied during vertebrate morphogenesis. Here, we developed a two-dimensional chemo-mechanical model to investigate how mechanical properties of the endoderm and transport properties of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) regulate avian hindgut morphogenesis in a coordinated manner. Posterior endoderm cells convert a gradient of FGF ligands into a contractile force gradient, leading to a force imbalance that drives collective cell movements that elongate the forming hindgut tube. We formulated a 2D reaction-diffusion-advection model describing the formation of an FGF protein gradient as a result of posterior displacement of cells transcribing unstable Fgf8 mRNA during axis elongation, coupled with translation, diffusion and degradation of FGF protein. The endoderm was modeled as an active viscous fluid that generates contractile stresses in proportion to FGF concentration. With parameter values constrained by experimental data, the model replicates key aspects of hindgut morphogenesis, suggests that graded isotropic contraction is sufficient to generate large anisotropic cell movements, and provides new insight into how chemo-mechanical coupling across the mesoderm and endoderm coordinates hindgut elongation with axis elongation.
Crb3 is required to organize the apical domain of multiciliated cells
Authors: Burcklé Céline , Raitière Juliette , Michaux Grégoire , Kodjabachian Laurent , Le Bivic André 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT
Cell shape changes mainly rely on the remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton. Multiciliated cells (MCCs) of the mucociliary epidermis of Xenopus laevis embryos, as they mature, dramatically reshape their apical domain to grow cilia, in coordination with the underlying actin cytoskeleton. Crumbs (Crb) proteins are multifaceted transmembrane apical polarity proteins known to recruit actin linkers and promote apical membrane growth. Here, we identify the homeolog Crb3.L as an important player for the migration of centrioles or basal bodies (collectively centrioles/BBs) and apical domain morphogenesis in MCCs. Crb3.L is present in cytoplasmic vesicles close to the ascending centrioles/BBs, where it partially colocalizes with Rab11a. Crb3.L morpholino-mediated depletion in MCCs caused abnormal migration of centrioles/BBs, a reduction of their apical surface, disorganization of their apical actin meshwork and defective ciliogenesis. Rab11a morpholino-mediated depletion phenocopied Crb3.L loss-of-function in MCCs. Thus, the control of centrioles/BBs migration by Crb3.L might be mediated by Rab11a-dependent apical trafficking. Furthermore, we show that both phospho-activated ERM (pERM; Ezrin-Radixin-Moesin) and Crb3.L are recruited to the growing apical domain of MCCs, where Crb3.L likely anchors pERM, allowing actin-dependent expansion of the apical membrane.
Waterborne amino acids: uptake and functional roles in aquatic animals
Authors: Griffin Robert A. , Glover Chris N. , McCuaig Jenelle D. , Blewett Tamzin A. 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT
Dissolved organic matter is a ubiquitous component of freshwater and marine environments, and includes small nutrient molecules, such as amino acids, which may be available for uptake by aquatic biota. Epithelial transporters, including cotransporters, uniporters and antiporters, facilitate the absorption of dissolved amino acids (often against concentration gradients). Although there is a lack of mechanistic and molecular characterization of such transporters, pathways for the direct uptake of amino acids from the water appear to exist in a wide range of marine phyla, including Porifera, Cnidaria, Platyhelminthes, Brachiopoda, Mollusca, Nemertea, Annelida, Echinodermata, Arthropoda and Chordata. In these animals, absorbed amino acids have several putative roles, including osmoregulation, hypoxia tolerance, shell formation and metabolism. Therefore, amino acids dissolved in the water may play an important, but overlooked, role in aquatic animal nutrition.
Caffeine, CYP1A2 Genotype, and Exercise Performance: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: BARRETO GABRIEL , ESTEVES GABRIEL P. , MARTICORENA FELIPE , OLIVEIRA TAMIRES N. , GRGIC JOZO , SAUNDERS BRYAN 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT

Purpose
This study aimed to summarize and meta-analyze existing evidence regarding the influence of CYP1A2 genotypes on the acute effects of caffeine for exercise performance and to investigate the interaction between genotype, dosage, and timing of caffeine supplementation.

Methods
Six databases were searched for studies determining the effect of caffeine (except mouth rinsing) on exercise performance between CYP1A2 genotypes. Three-level meta-analyses were performed using standardized mean differences (SMD; Hedge’s g) to determine the effect of caffeine on exercise outcomes within and between CYP1A2 genotypes (AA, AC, and CC). Meta-regressions were performed for dose, timing, and presence of reported conflict of interests (RCOI). A meta-analysis was also performed with placebo values to assess for imbalances between genotypes.

Results
Thirteen studies, totaling 119 outcomes and 440 participants, were included (233 AA, 175 AC, ad 34 CC). Caffeine improved performance for AA (SMD = 0.30, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.21–0.39, P < 0.0001) and AC (SMD = 0.16, 95% CI = 0.06–0.25, P = 0.022) but worsened performance for CC (SMD = −0.22, 95% CI = −0.44 to −0.01, P < 0.0001). Dose affected only CC, with greater doses generating more positive SMD (CC–dose estimate: +0.19/1 mg·kg−1 body mass, 95% CI = 0.04–0.33, P = 0.01). Timing influenced only CC, with better performance with later onset of exercise after supplementation (CC–timing estimate: +0.01/min, 95% CI = 0.00–0.02, P = 0.02). RCOI only affected SMD of CC (CC–RCOI estimate: −0.57, 95% CI = −1.02 to −0.12, P = 0.01). After excluding studies with RCOI, no influence of genotype was seen (all P ≥ 0.19). Small, nonsignificant differences were seen in placebo between genotypes (SMD AA vs CC: −0.13; AA vs AC: −0.12; AC vs CC: −0.05; all P ≥ 0.26).

Conclusions
Caffeine improved performance for AA and AC but worsened performance for CC. Dose and timing moderated the efficacy of caffeine for CC only. Caution is advised because baseline differences and studies with RCOI could have influenced these results.
The role of artificial intelligence in radiotherapy clinical practice
Authors: Landry Guillaume , Kurz Christopher , Traverso Alberto 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This review article visits the current state of artificial intelligence (AI) in radiotherapy clinical practice. We will discuss how AI has a place in the modern radiotherapy workflow at the level of automatic segmentation and planning, two applications which have seen real-work implementation. A special emphasis will be placed on the role AI can play in online adaptive radiotherapy, such as performed at MR-linacs, where online plan adaptation is a procedure which could benefit from automation to reduce on-couch time for patients. Pseudo-CT generation and AI for motion tracking will be introduced in the scope of online adaptive radiotherapy as well. We further discuss the use of AI for decision-making and response assessment, for example for personalized prescription and treatment selection, risk stratification for outcomes and toxicities, and AI for quantitative imaging and response assessment. Finally, the challenges of generalizability and ethical aspects will be covered. With this, we provide a comprehensive overview of the current and future applications of AI in radiotherapy.
Interferometric metrology probe for highly sloped freeform optics
Authors: Wisniewski Hayden J. , Stalcup Thomas E. , Smythe Robert A. , Olszak Artur G. 
Published: October 2023

A wide variety of systems are employed to measure the surface profile
of aspheric and freeform optical surfaces. Freeform metrology systems
must accurately characterize the full surface under test, which can be
difficult with steep surface slopes. Here we present an
interferometric surface metrology probe for highly sloped aspheric and
freeform optical surfaces. The optical design of this probe allows the
measurement of surface slopes up to 50 deg without tilting the
probe, which simplifies stage design and increases the accuracy of the
system. A spectrally controlled light source is used to create a
virtual ball in front of the probe tip to measure the surface distance
and angle. This system produces a cloud of points, to which Zernike
polynomials are fit and used to reconstruct the surface. We will show
sensitivity tests and accuracy results.
Poor reporting quality of randomized controlled trials comparing treatments of COVID-19–A retrospective cross-sectional study on the first year of publications
Authors: Grüßer Linda , Eißing Charlotte , Kowark Ana , Keszei András P. , Wallqvist Julia , Rossaint Rolf , Ziemann Sebastian 
Published: October 2023

Introduction
Transparent and complete reporting of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) is essential for critical scientific appraisal of the results. It has been argued whether publications during the COVID-19 pandemic have met reporting standards. In this study, we assessed reporting adherence of RCTs on treatment interventions in COVID-19 patients to the CONSORT checklist and discuss which lessons can be learned to improve reporting in the future.

Methods
This was a retrospective, cross-sectional study performed at the University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Germany. We conducted a pragmatic systematic literature search in the PubMed database to identify RCTs on treatment interventions in COVID-19 patients in the first year of publications on the topic (March 2020-February 2021). We investigated the adherence of each publication to the CONSORT checklist and assessed the association between specific predictors and percentage adherence in an exploratory multivariable regression model.

Results
We analyzed 127 RCTs and found that the median percentage adherence to the CONSORT checklist was 54.3% [IQR 38.9 to 65.7]. In the exploratory multivariable regression model, the impact factor (highest tertile of impact factor compared to lowest tertile ß = 21.77, 95% CI 13.89 to 29.66, p<0.001; middle tertile compared lowest tertile ß = 11.79, 95% CI 5.74 to 17.84, p<0.001)) and authors’ referral to the CONSORT statement (ß = 9.29, 95% CI 2.98 to 15.60, p = 0.004) were associated with a higher percentage adherence to the CONSORT checklist.

Conclusion
The reporting quality of RCTs on treatment interventions in COVID-19 patients during the first year of publications was poor. Measures to improve reporting quality are urgently needed.
Isolation, Identification, and Antibacterial Testing of Essential Oil from Green Betel Leaf (Piper Betle L.) Using Well Diffusion Method
Authors: Fachriyah Enny , Fadillah Hafizdah , Sarjono Purbowatiningrum Ria , Ismiyarto Ismiyarto 
Published: October 2023

Green betel leaves have been traditionally employed within communities for various medicinal purposes, owing to their rich composition. These leaves are endowed with secondary metabolites encompassing flavonoids, phenols, saponins, and essential oils. Notably, the essential oils within green betel leaves possess a spectrum of biological properties, including antioxidant, antifungal, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antitumor, anti-Alzheimer's, and anti-carcinogenic activities. In this study, the essential oil from green betel leaf collected from Klaten, Central Java, Indonesia, was isolated using water-steam distillation. The components of this isolate were identified using GC-MS analysis. Antibacterial activity was assessed against Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12228 (S. epidermidis) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) using the well-diffusion method at various concentrations (25%, 50%, 75%, 90%, and 100%). Chloramphenicol served as the positive control, while a solution of Tween 20 in distilled water used as the negative control. The essential oil derived from green betel leaves exhibited a brownish-yellow color, possessed a distinctive betel aroma, and had a concentration of 0.21% v/w, a refractive index of 1.5001, and a specific gravity of 0.961 g/mL. The GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of 44 components, with the five most abundant constituents being acetyl chavicol (20.65%), germacrene- D (11.55%), eugenol (8.94%), trans-caryophyllene (7.92%), and chavicol (5.74%). Regarding antibacterial activity, the isolate demonstrated strong activity against S. epidermidis ATCC 12228 at a concentration of 75%, yielding an inhibition zone diameter of 12.33 mm. Similarly, it exhibited strong activity against E. coli at a concentration of 90%, resulting in an inhibition zone diameter of 12.67 mm.
Numerical investigation of the effects of dry gas model and wet steam model in solar-driven refrigeration ejector system
Authors: Cong Honglun , Zhang Jiao 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Nowadays, the use of equipment with little pollution is essential due to the increase in the planet’s temperature. Ejectors are considered one of the equipment with no pollution, and their failure rate is low due to the lack of moving parts. Also, scholars have recently focused on improving the efficiency of industrial equipment. The use of accurate modeling is required to improve steam ejector performance. In a steam ejector, non-equilibrium condensation creates a two-phase flow situation. The wet steam model, used in this study, characterizes this two-phase flow. The study’s objective was to compare this wet steam model with the dry gas model. In the wet steam model, the liquid mass fraction is 0.25, and its calculated entrainment ratio is lower than the dry gas model, closely matching experimental observations. The dry gas model reaches a maximum Mach number of about 5, while the wet steam model approximates 4. A significant temperature difference exists between the two models, with the dry gas model indicating lower temperatures compared to the wet steam model. Diagonal shocks and expansion waves are evident in the mixing chamber, fixed cross-section, and diffuser. These phenomena occur with greater intensity and a slight delay in the wet steam model compared to the dry gas model.
A numerical study on thermal bonding with preheating technique for polypropylene microfluidic device
Authors: Almezgagi Esam Abdulrahman , Fu Zhihong , Huang Gongjian , Zhang Xianyue 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This study presents a method for producing microfluidic chips from polypropylene using a pre-heated bonding area and thermal bonding technology. ANSYS was utilized to investigate the effects of bonding parameters and microchannel deformation and predict the bonding strength. Results show that careful control of these parameters is critical to achieve a strong and durable bond between the microfluidic chip layers. Higher bonding temperatures were found to lead to greater microchannel deformation, with deformation increasing significantly, as the temperature approached the material’s melting point. Increased bonding pressure after 1 MPa and a time of 300 s also led to greater microchannel deformation. The study’s analysis of stresses revealed that the maximum principle compressive stress on the edges of the bonding area increased significantly with pressure. Tensile testing showed that bonding strength was near failure at a tensile force of 5,500 N, indicating a bonding strength close to 1.5 MPa.