bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Tracheal Stenosis on Distal Airway Pressure with Jet Ventilation
Authors: Gottman Drew C. , Corbisiero Michaele Francesco , Sus Ruba , Fink Daniel S. 
Published: November 2023

ObjectiveThis study investigates the effects of tracheal stenosis on distal airway pressure during low‐frequency jet ventilation (LFJV) in tracheal stenosis resection procedures, focusing on variables like stenosis size, depth, scope type, and inlet pressure.MethodsA 3D‐printed human airway model was employed, featuring inserted tracheal stenoses of varied sizes and depths. Distal airway pressure was measured with 16 pressure transducers, and data were processed via MATLAB. The study varied stenosis size, depth, scope type, and inlet pressure during five sequential jet bursts under LFJV.ResultsUsing a subglottiscope resulted in significantly reduced distal airway pressure compared to a laryngoscope. Interestingly, neither stenosis size nor depth significantly influenced distal airway pressure. However, increased distance between the scope and stenosis raised normalized pressure. A linear rise in normalized distal airway pressure was noted with increased inlet pressure, regardless of stenosis dimensions.ConclusionIn this model, scope type and inlet pressure were noted to be significant determinants of distal airway pressure, while stenosis size and depth were not. The distance between the scope and the stenosis did influence distal pressures. These findings may have clinical implications for managing airway pressures in patients undergoing LFJV, potentially reducing the risk of ventilator‐induced lung injury.Level of EvidenceNA (Basic Research) Laryngoscope, 134:2300–2305, 2024
Synthesis of Novel Fluorescent Conjugated Polymers and Their Rapid Gas‐Phase Detection of Trace Nitro‐Explosives
Authors: Liu Wei , Chen Haibo , Zhang Shifeng , Li Peng , Wu Weibing 
Published: November 2023

AbstractFluorescent conjugated polymers are widely investigated for their excellent performance in detecting explosives. In this work, two simple monomers are used to synthesize two novel fluorescent conjugated polymers, 3 and 6, with different conjugated structures via the linkages of “single bond” and “alkyne bond” by coupling reaction, and the fluorescence sensing performance for 2,4,6‐trinitrotoluene (TNT) is verified in both liquid and gas phases, aiming to demonstrate the influence of two different linkages on the fluorescence sensing properties. The fluorescent intensities of conjugated polymers in organic solvents gradually increase with increasing concentration within the low concentration range, while too high concentration leads to a decrease in the emission intensity because of the concentration quenching effect. The liquid‐phase limit of detection of 3 and 6 for TNT is as low as 1.9 and 1.6 µm in acetonitrile, respectively. The change rule of UV–vis absorption indicates that the static quenching model of TNT is predominant in liquid phase. Using a commercial portable explosives detector, 3 and 6 can effectively achieve the selective detection of gas‐phase TNT above 15 ng within 7 s and 8 ng within 5 s, respectively, demonstrating the great potential for rapid on‐site detection of trace explosives.
Preparation of HNTs‐e‐POSS hybrid nanoparticles and modification of gallic acid epoxy resin
Authors: Wang Ming Yuan , Zhao Xiao Lei , Yu Shou Wu , Hou Gui Xiang 
Published: November 2023

AbstractGallic acid is a renewable plant phenolic resource, and the polyphenolic bio‐based epoxy resin prepared from it can be used as a substitute for bisphenol A epoxy resin in certain fields. However, bio‐based epoxy resins used in the field of high‐performance composite material matrices often require modification. In this paper, firstly, γ‐(2,3‐epoxypropoxy)propyl trimethoxysilane (KH560) was used as the raw material to prepare epoxy‐based cage silsesquioxanes (E‐POSS). Then, E‐POSS was grafted onto γ‐aminopropyltriethoxysilane (KH550) modified halloysite nanotubes (m‐HNTs) to prepare a novel hybrid nanoparticle HNTs‐e‐POSS. Experimental analysis shows that ring opening reactions of amino and epoxy groups can occur between m‐HNTs and E‐POSS, forming a hybrid nanoparticle system of POSS aggregates on the surface of HNTs. Bio‐based nanocomposites were prepared by adding different mass fractions of hybrid nanoparticles HNTs‐e‐POSS into polyphenol type gallic acid epoxy resin matrix (GAER) and using methyltetrahydrophthalic anhydride as curing agent. The properties and micromorphology of the composite were analyzed and characterized. The research showed that with the addition of HNTs‐e‐POSS nanoparticles, the strength and toughness of the composite resin system show a pattern of first increasing and then decreasing, while the storage modulus(E′), glass transition temperature (Tg), and thermal stability of the composite material increased. Mechanical performance analysis shows that the introduction of 0.5 wt% HNTs‐e‐POSS would increase the tensile strength of the composite by 25.46%, while adding 0.75 wt% HNTs‐e‐POSS can increase the impact strength by 15%. The E′(30°C) increased by 24.2% and Tg increased by 7.7°C when the HNTs‐e‐POSS addition was 0.25 wt%.Highlights
Prepared hybrid nanoparticle HNTs‐e‐POSS by grafting POSS onto the HNTs surface.
Application of HNTs‐e‐POSS in modification of bio‐based gallic acid epoxy resin.
HNTs‐e‐POSS can co‐cured with epoxy matrix to increase the crosslinking degree.
The strength, toughness, and modulus of gallic acid epoxy resin are improved.
Tg and thermal stability of gallic acid epoxy resin are enhanced.
Fertility care among people with primary ciliary dyskinesia
Authors: Schreck Leonie D. , Goutaki Myrofora , Jörger Philippa , Dexter Katie , Manion Michele , Christin‐Maitre Sophie , Maitre Bernard ,   COVID‐PCD Patient Advisory Group, Kuehni Claudia E. , Pedersen Eva S. L. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIntroductionFertility care is important for people living with primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) who are at increased risk of fertility problems. We investigated fertility care in an international participatory study.MethodsParticipants of the COVID‐PCD study completed an online questionnaire addressing fertility issues. We used logistic regression to study factors associated with fertility specialist visits.ResultsAmong 384 respondents (response rate 53%), 266 were adults (median age 44 years, interquartile range [IQR]: 33–54, 68% female), 16 adolescents, and 102 parents of children with PCD. Only half of adult participants (128; 48%) received care from fertility specialists at a median age of 30 years (IQR: 27–33)—a median of 10 years after PCD diagnosis. Only 12% were referred to fertility specialists by their PCD physician. Fertility specialist visits were reported more often by adults with pregnancy attempts (odds ratio [OR]: 9.1, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.8–23.6) and among people who reported fertility as important for them (OR: 5.9, 95% CI: 2.6–14.6) and less often by females (OR: 0.4, 95% CI: 0.2–0.8). Only 56% of participants who talked with healthcare professionals about fertility were satisfied with information they received. They expressed needs for more comprehensive fertility information and reported dissatisfaction with physician knowledge about PCD and fertility.ConclusionPeople with PCD are inconsistently referred to fertility specialists. We recommend care from fertility specialists become standard in routine PCD care, and that PCD physicians provide initial fertility information either at diagnosis or no later than transition to adult care.
A Fully Elastic Wearable Electrochemical Sweat Detection System of Tree‐Bionic Microfluidic Structure for Real‐Time Monitoring
Authors: Niu Jiaqi , Lin Shujing , Chen Di , Wang Zhitao , Cao Cheng , Gao Ang , Cui Shengsheng , Liu Yanlei , Hong Yuping , Zhi Xiao , Cui Daxiang 
Published: November 2023

AbstractFresh sweat contains a diverse range of physiological indicators that can effectively reflect changes in the body. However, existing wearable sweat detection systems face challenges in efficiently collecting and detecting fresh sweat in real‐time. Additionally, they often lack the necessary deformation capabilities, resulting in discomfort for the wearer. Here, a fully elastic wearable electrochemical sweat detection system is developed that integrates a sweat‐collecting microfluidic chip, a multi‐parameter electrochemical sensor, a micro‐heater, and a sweat detection elastic circuit board system. The unique tree‐bionic structure of the microfluidic chip significantly enhances the efficiency of fresh sweat collection and discharge, enabling real‐time detection by the electrochemical sensors. The sweat multi‐parameter electrochemical sensor offers high‐precision and high‐sensitivity measurements of sodium ions, potassium ions, lactate, and glucose. The electronic system is built on an elastic circuit board that matches perfectly to wrinkled skin, ensuring improved wearing comfort and enabling multi‐channel data sampling, processing, and wireless transmission. This state‐of‐the‐art system represents a significant advancement in the field of elastic wearable sweat detection and holds promising potential for extending its capabilities to the detection of other sweat markers or various wearable applications.
Model‐based systems engineering approach to the study of electromagnetic interference and compatibility in wireless powered microelectromechanical systems
Authors: Martinez‐Rojas Juan A. , Fernandez‐Sanchez Jose L. , Fernandez‐Munoz Miguel , Sanchez‐Montero Rocio , Lopez‐Espi Pablo L. , Diez‐Jimenez Efren 
Published: November 2023

AbstractElectromagnetic Interference and Compatibility (EMI–EMC) are a serious problem in Microelectromechanical Systems (MEMS), and specially in powered by wireless energy transfer MEMS. Most MEMS have dimensions in the order of 1 mm or less, thus, most of the suitable electromagnetic radiation sources have wavelengths larger than this, making isolation of electromagnetic effects very difficult. Model‐Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) can be an excellent tool to deal with EMI—EMC in MEMS during early design phases. In this work, we present a problem‐solving procedure and integration of EMI—EMC in MEMS from a Model‐Based Systems Engineering perspective. This approach is described in detail by a real example using a procedure based on nine steps fully integrated with the proposed systems engineering methodology. For example, the use of context diagrams (IBDs) and N SQUARE charts to describe EMC interactions is explained in detail. The system is formed by a Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) subsystem working near 2.45 or 4.5 GHz coupled to an electromagnetic micromotor. This micromotor contains copper microcoils which can receive electromagnetic radiation directly at the same time that the WPT subsystem. The greatest difficulty is, then, to power the WPT while isolating the micromotor, and optimizing the coupling interface. A summary of the most important EMC concepts and tools are reviewed from the systems engineer perspective and possible problems during the design and testing phases are discussed in detail using the example.
Reducibility of Secular Polynomials
Authors: Kurasov Pavel 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAnalysing graphs on up to three edges we noted that the secular polynomials are reducible if and only if the graphs either contain loops or are watermelon graphs. It is our goal in this chapter to prove this statement for arbitrary finite graphs (Theorem 7.19). We are going to use contractions and extensions of graphs allowing us to consider just a few specially chosen families of graphs together with graphs on up to three edges. These families are studied as a preparation for the proof of the factorisation theorem.
Entanglement Entropy of Ground States of the Three-Dimensional Ideal Fermi Gas in a Magnetic Field
Authors: Pfeiffer Paul , Spitzer Wolfgang 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWe study the asymptotic growth of the entanglement entropy of ground states of non-interacting (spinless) fermions in $${{\mathbb {R}}}^3$$

R

3

subject to a constant magnetic field perpendicular to a plane. As for the case with no magnetic field we find, to leading order $$L^2\ln (L)$$

L
2

ln

(
L
)

, a logarithmically enhanced area law of this entropy for a bounded, piecewise Lipschitz region $$L\Lambda \subset {{\mathbb {R}}}^3$$

L
Λ
⊂

R

3

as the scaling parameter L tends to infinity. This is in contrast to the two-dimensional case since particles can now move freely in the direction of the magnetic field, which causes the extra $$\ln (L)$$

ln
(
L
)

factor. The explicit expression for the coefficient of the leading order contains a surface integral similar to the Widom–Sobolev formula in the non-magnetic case. It differs, however, in the sense that the dependence on the boundary, $$\partial \Lambda $$

∂
Λ

, is not solely on its area but on the “surface perpendicular to the direction of the magnetic field”. We utilize a two-term asymptotic expansion by Widom (up to an error term of order one) of certain traces of one-dimensional Wiener–Hopf operators with a discontinuous symbol. This leads to an improved error term of the order $$L^2$$

L
2

of the relevant trace for piecewise $$\textsf{C}^{1,\alpha }$$

C

1
,
α

smooth surfaces $$\partial \Lambda $$

∂
Λ

.
Platinum-based chemotherapy in metastatic prostate cancer: what possibilities?
Authors: Catalano Martina , Lapucci Andrea , Nobili Stefania , De Gennaro Aquino Irene , Vascotto Ismaela Anna , Antonuzzo Lorenzo , Villari Donata , Nesi Gabriella , Mini Enrico , Roviello Giandomenico 
Published: November 2023

AbstractMetastatic prostate cancer is a major health burden worldwide, necessitating the continuous development of effective treatment strategies. Androgen deprivation therapy remains the cornerstone of prostate cancer treatment, but novel approaches are needed for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Recent studies have highlighted the prevalence of mutations in DNA repair genes, including BRCA1 and BRCA2, in mCRPC patients, rendering them more susceptible to platinum-based chemotherapy and Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors. Platinum-based chemotherapy, particularly in combination with taxanes, has demonstrated encouraging activity in mCRPC, as well as homologous recombination gene alterations have shown increased sensitivity to platinum compounds in these patients. The combination of platinum-based chemotherapy with PARP inhibitors represents a novel and potentially effective therapeutic strategy for this subgroup of patients. However, the optimal sequence of administering these agents and the potential for cross-resistance and cross-toxicities remain areas requiring further investigation. Prospective randomized studies are essential to elucidate the most effective treatment approach for this challenging patient population. This review aims to explore the potential of platinum-based chemotherapy in the context of prostate cancer, and more in detail in homologous recombination repair (HRR) mutated patients. We discuss the synergistic effects of combining platinum compounds with PARP inhibitors and the potential benefits of adopting specific therapeutic sequences.
Added value of the EUSOBI diffusion levels in breast MRI
Authors: Zuiani Chiara , Mansutti Iris , Caronia Guido , Linda Anna , Londero Viviana , Girometti Rossano 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Objectives
To investigate whether using the diffusion levels (DLs) proposed by the European Society of Breast Imaging (EUSOBI) improves the diagnostic accuracy of breast MRI.

Materials and methods
This retrospective study included 145 women who, between September 2019 and June 2020, underwent breast 1.5-T MRI with DWI. Reader 1 and reader 2 (R1-R2) independently assessed breast lesions using the BI-RADS on dynamic contrast-enhanced imaging and T2-weighted imaging. DWI was subsequently disclosed, allowing readers able to measure lesions ADC and subjectively express the overall risk of malignancy on a 1–5 Likert scale. ADCs were interpreted as a range of values corresponding to the EUSOBI DLs. The analysis evaluated the inter-reader agreement in measuring ADC and DLs, the per-DL malignancy rate, and accuracy for malignancy using ROC analysis against histological examination or a 3-year follow-up.

Results
Lesions were malignant and showed non-mass enhancement in 67.7% and 76.1% of cases, respectively. ADC was measurable in 63.2%/66.7% of lesions (R1/R2), with a minimal discrepancy on Bland–Altman analysis and 0.948 (95%CI 0.925–0.965)/0.989 (95%CI 0.988–0.991) intraclass correlation coefficient in measuring ADC/DLs. The malignancy rate (R1/R2) increased from 0.5/0.5% (“very high” DL) to 96.0/96.8% (“very low” DL), as expected. Likert categorization showed larger areas under the curve than the BI-RADS for both R1 (0.91 versus 0.87; p = 0.0208) and R2 (0.91 versus 0.89; p = 0.1171), with improved specificity (81.5% versus 78.5% for R1 and 84.4% versus 81.2% for R2).

Conclusion
Though ADC was not measurable in about one-third of lesions, DLs were categorized with excellent inter-reader agreement, improving the specificity for malignancy.

Clinical relevance statement
DLs proposed by the EUSOBI are a reproducible tool to interpret the ADC of breast lesions and, in turn, to improve the specificity of breast MRI and reduce unnecessary breast biopsies.

Key Points
• The European Society of Breast Imaging proposed diffusion levels for the interpretation of the apparent diffusion coefficient in diffusion-weighted imaging of the breast.
• Adding diffusion levels to the interpretation of magnetic resonance imaging improved the diagnostic accuracy for breast cancer, especially in terms of specificity.
• Diffusion levels can favor a more widespread and standardized use of diffusion-weighted imaging of the breast.
Medical students’ knowledge on cancer predisposition syndromes and attitude toward eHealth
Authors: Nees Juliane , Struewe Farina , Schott Sarah 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Individuals with cancer predisposition syndromes (CPS) inherit elevated cancer risks. Medical supply gaps for people at risk of CPS cause insufficient outreach and miss potential benefits of individualized care strategies. Increased awareness of CPS and progress in the eHealth sector are untapped sources of health care improvement for affected individuals.

Methods and results
This study addressed German–speaking medical students with an online questionnaire in respect to their knowledge of CPS, their medical education, and perspectives. The study population (n = 404) reported interest in and knowledge of CPS, supported by a satisfactory and sustainable education for their prospective patient care. The next generation of doctors would implement eHealth to improve medical services. Skepticism about digitization was claimed by students. They were especially concerned about deterioration in the physician–patient relationship, data abuse, dependence on technology, and incorrect diagnoses.

Conclusion
Due to increasing diagnosing of CPS and deeper knowledge, this topic is essential for the curriculum in medical schools. In particular, care providers need know-how on identifying patients at risk for a CPS, certain diagnostic and therapeutic steps, surveillance and prophylactic strategies to improve patients’ outcomes. Education in medical school as well as implemented eHealth seems to have potential to meet this demand in an upcoming era of personalized medicine.
What does this study add to the clinical work.
Medical teaching on cancer predisposition syndromes should be expanded to improve knowledge and individualized and personalized healthcare.
The efflux problem: how hydraulics became divorced from hydrodynamics
Authors: Eckert Michael 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe efflux problem deals with the outflow of water through an orifice in a vessel, the flow over the crest of a weir and some other ways of discharge. The difficulties to account for such fluid motions in terms of a mathematical theory made it a notorious problem throughout the history of hydraulics and hydrodynamics. The treatment of the efflux problem, therefore, reflects the diverging routes along which hydraulics became an engineering science and hydrodynamics a theoretical science out of touch with applications. By the twentieth century, the presentation of the efflux problem in textbooks on hydraulics had almost nothing in common with that in textbooks on hydrodynamics.
TelePi: an affordable telepathology microscope camera system anyone can build and use
Authors: Youssef Almoatazbellah , Rosenwald Andreas , Rosenfeldt Mathias Tillmann 
Published: November 2023

AbstractTelepathology facilitates histological diagnoses through sharing expertise between pathologists. However, the associated costs are high and frequently prohibitive, especially in low-resource settings, where telepathology would paradoxically be of paramount importance due to a paucity of pathologists.We have constructed a telepathology system (TelePi) with a budget of < €120 using the small, single-board computer Raspberry Pi Zero and its High-Quality Camera Module in conjunction with a standard microscope and open-source software. The system requires no maintenance costs or service contracts, has a small footprint, can be moved and shared across several microscopes, and is independent from other computer operating systems. TelePi uses a responsive and high-resolution web-based live stream which allows remote consultation between two or more locations. TelePi can serve as a telepathology system for remote diagnostics of frozen sections. Additionally, it can be used as a standard microscope camera for teaching of medical students and for basic research. The quality of the TelePi system compared favorable to a commercially available telepathology system that exceed its cost by more than 125-fold. Additionally, still images are of publication quality equal to that of a whole slide scanner that costs 800 times more.In summary, TelePi is an affordable, versatile, and inexpensive camera system that potentially enables telepathology in low-resource settings without sacrificing image quality.