bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adsorptive Stripping Tensammetry of Homogeneous Short‐Chained Dodecylethoxylates
Authors: Lukaszewski Zenon , Szymanski Andrzej , Nowak Ewa Walentyna , Wlosek Joanna 
Published: January 2005

AbstractAlcohol ethoxylates (AE) comprise the major group of non‐ionic surfactants (NS) discharged into the aquatic environment in large amounts. Tensammetric techniques play a significant role in NS monitoring in the environment. The behavior of homogeneous short‐chained dodecylethoxylate C12E4 (C12E4) under adsorptive stripping tensammetry (AdST) conditions was investigated and the results compared with those of Rokanol L‐4 (L‐4), being an analogical polydispersal commercial product. Surfactant C12E4 consists of an alkyl chain (C12) and four oxyethylene subunits. Cathodic tensammetric curves were recorded at various preconcentration potentials within a range of surfactant concentrations from 20 ppb to 10 ppm. Generally, both surfactants behave similarly: both form a wide, poorly shaped tensammetric peak, the position of which shifts towards the negative direction with growing surfactant concentration as well as a narrow peak located at a more negative potential. However, differences between homogeneous C12E4 and polydispersal L‐4 are observed in detail. In the case of L‐4, the wide peak is very poorly shaped while in the case of C12E4 a much better shaped double peak is observed. The position of the narrow needle‐shaped peak is more negative in the case of L‐4. Polydispersal L‐4 is adsorbed within a wider potential range than homogeneous C12E4.
Synthesis, characterization, and controlled nitric oxide release from S‐nitrosothiol‐derivatized fumed silica polymer filler particles
Authors: Frost Megan C. , Meyerhoff Mark E. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractA new type of nitric oxide (NO)‐releasing material is described that utilizes S‐nitrosothiols anchored to tiny fumed silica (FS) particles as the NO donor system. The synthetic procedures suitable for tethering three different thiol species (cysteine, N‐acetylcysteine, and N‐acetylpenicillamine) to the surface of FS polymer filler particles are detailed. The thiol‐derivatized particles are converted to their corresponding S‐nitrosothiols by reaction with t‐butylnitrite. The total NO loading on the resulting particles range from 21–138 nmol/mg for the three different thiol‐derivatized materials [S‐nitrosocysteine‐(NO‐Cys)‐FS, S‐nitroso‐N‐acetylcysteine (SNAC)‐FS, and S‐nitroso‐N‐acetylpenicillamine (SNAP)‐FS], with SNAP‐FS yielding the highest NO loading. NO can be generated from these particles when suspended in solution via the addition of copper(II) ions, ascorbate, or irradiation with visible light. The SNAC‐FS and SNAP‐FS particles can be blended in polyurethane and silicone rubber matrixes to create films that release NO at controlled rates. Polyurethane films containing SNAC‐FS submerged in phosphate‐buffered saline (pH 7.4) generate NO surface fluxes ∼0.1–0.7 × 10−10 mol cm−2 min−1 and SNAP‐FS films generate NO fluxes of ∼0–7.5 × 10−10 mol cm−2 min−1 upon addition of increasing amounts of copper ions. Silicone rubber films containing SNAC‐FS or SNAP‐FS do not liberate NO upon exposure to copper ions or ascorbate in phosphate‐buffered saline solution. However, such films are shown to release NO at rates proportional to increasing intensities of visible light impinging on the films. Such photoinitiated NO release from these composite materials offers the first NO‐releasing hydrophobic polymers with an external on/off trigger to control NO generation. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 72A: 409–419, 2005
Generalized slant Toeplitz operators on H2
Authors: Arora S. C. , Batra Ruchika 
Published: January 2005

AbstractFor an integer k ≥ 2, kth‐order slant Toeplitz operator Uφ [1] with symbol φ in L∞(𝕋), where 𝕋 is the unit circle in the complex plane, is an operator whose representing matrixM = (αij ) is given by αij = 〈φ, zki–j〉, where 〈. , .〉 is the usual inner product in L2(𝕋). The operator Vφ denotes the compression of Uφ to H2(𝕋) (Hardy space). Algebraic and spectral properties of the operator Vφ are discussed. It is proved that spectral radius of Vφ equals the spectral radius of Uφ, if φ is analytic or co‐analytic, and if Tφ is invertible then the spectrum of Vφ contains a closed disc and the interior of the disc consists of eigenvalues of infinite multiplicities. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Global bifurcation theorem for a class of boundary conditions for ordinary differential equations of second order
Authors: Gulgowski Jacek 
Published: January 2005

AbstractIn this paper we deal with boundary value problems
equation image
where l : C1([a, b], ℝk) → ℝk × ℝk is continuous, μ ≤ 0 and φ is a Caratheodory map. We define the class S of maps l, for which a global bifurcation theorem holds for the problem (+), with φ(t, x, y, λ) = λ(|x1|, …, |xk|) + o(|x| + |y|). We show that the class S contains Sturm‐Liouville boundary conditions. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Varieties withP3= 3 andq= dim(X)
Authors: Hacon Christopher D. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractWe prove that ifXis a complex projective variety withP3(X) = 3 andq(X) = dim(X), thenXis birational to a bidouble cover of A(X). (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Oscillation of second‐order perturbed differential equations
Authors: Mustafa Octavian G. , Rogovchenko Yuri V. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractWe give constructive proof of the existence of vanishing at infinity oscillatory solutions for a second‐order perturbed nonlinear differential equation. In contrast to most results reported in the literature, we do not require oscillatory character of the associated unperturbed equation, monotonicity of nonlinearity, and we establish global existence of oscillatory solutions without assuming it a priori. Furthermore, as our example demonstrates, existence of bounded oscillatory solutions does not exclude existence of unbounded nonoscillatory solutions. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Quasi‐Lipschitz condition in potential theory
Authors: Rautmann Reimund , Solonnikov Vsevolod 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe velocity $ \vec v $ of an incompressible flow in a bounded three‐dimensional domain is represented by its vorticity $ \vec j $ with the help of an apparently new representation formula. Using this formula we prove a quasi‐Lipschitz estimate for $ \vec v $ in dependence of the supremum norm of $ \vec j $. Our quasi‐Lipschitz bound extends to the case where $ \vec v $ is represented by any continuous $ \vec j $ ≠ rot $ \vec v $
Anti‐periodic solutions for evolution equations with mappings in the class (S+)
Authors: Chen Yu Qing , Cho Yeol Je , O'Regan Donal 
Published: January 2005

AbstractIn this paper, we study the existence of anti‐periodic solutions for the first order evolution equation
equation image
in a Hilbert space H, where G : H → ℝ is an even function such that ∂G is a mapping of class (S+) and f : ℝ → ℝ satisfies f(t + T) = –f(t) for any t ∈ ℝ with f(·) ∈ L2(0, T; H). (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A chessboard model of the U‐boat war in the Atlantic with applications to signals intelligence
Authors: McCue Brian 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThis paper uses a simple Monte Carlo model to analyze the influence of signals intelligence on the Second World War's Battle of the Atlantic. The principle measure of effectiveness is the number of U‐boat days of attack to which convoys were subjected. A secondary measure is the number of convoyed ships sunk. The model is validated against historical data and then used to explore the effectiveness of the two sides' signals intelligence. Allied use of signals intelligence is shown to have been capable of completely offsetting German use of signals intelligence, and then some. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2005
DNA replication licensing in peripheral B‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Obermann Ellen C. , Eward Kathryn Leigh , Dogan Ahmet , Paul Elizabeth A. , Loddo Marco , Munson Philippa , Williams Gareth H. , Stoeber Kai 
Published: January 2005

AbstractPeripheral B‐cell lymphomas representing 90% of lymphoid neoplasms are divided into low‐ and high‐growth fraction lymphomas. Here we investigate regulation of DNA replication licensing during B‐cell lymphomagenesis. Combined analysis of origin licensing factors Mcm2 and geminin with the proliferation marker Ki67 in SLL/CLL, MCL, DLBCL and Burkitt lymphoma reveals for the first time the precise cell cycle state of these entities. Given that tight Mcm2 downregulation defines the quiescent state (G0) and that both high‐ and low‐growth fraction lymphomas express Mcm2, the data demonstrate that neoplastic lymphocytes of SLL/CLL and MCL reside in an “in‐cycle” G1 state and not in G0 as previously thought. Absence of the S/G2/M phase marker geminin in SLL/CLL and MCL further indicates failure of cell cycle progression in these tumours. In contrast, the high‐growth fraction lymphomas DLBCL and Burkitt lymphoma exhibit differential expression of geminin, with the geminin/Ki67 ratio increasing for more aggressive neoplasms in keeping with a shortened G1 phase and thus representing an important discriminator for differential diagnosis. These data provide new insights into abrogation of cell cycle control during B cell lymphomagenesis and suggest that combined analysis of origin licensing factors may contribute to improved treatment decisions and prognosis in haematopoietic malignancies. Copyright © 2005 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stem cell activation sustains hereditary hypertrophy in hamster cardiomyopathy
Authors: Fiaccavento Roberta , Carotenuto Felicia , Minieri Marilena , Fantini Cristina , Forte Giancarlo , Carbone Arnaldo , Carosella Luciana , Bei Roberto , Masuelli Laura , Palumbo Camilla , Modesti Andrea , Prat Maria , Di Nardo Paolo 
Published: January 2005

AbstractRecent studies have documented the presence of stem cells within the myocardium and their role in the repair of ischaemic injury. Nevertheless, the pathogenic role of stem cells in non‐ischaemic myocardial diseases, as well as the factors potentially responsible for their activation, is still under debate. The present study demonstrates the presence of an increased number of c‐kit positive, MDR‐positive, and Sca‐1‐positive stem cells within the myocardium of hereditary δ‐SG null hamsters, a spontaneously occurring model of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. When hamsters are 80 days old, ie at the ‘hypertrophic’ stage of the disease, but without haemodynamic overload, these cells associate with a multitude of cells co‐expressing c‐kit, cMet, GATA4, or MEF‐2, and proliferating myocytes co‐expressing myosin heavy chain, telomerase, ki67 and cyclin B. Furthermore, at the same animal age, the number of myocardial cells co‐expressing c‐kit and Flk‐1, and the number of capillary vessels, is also amplified. In order to identify factors potentially responsible for stem cell activation, the myocardial expression of HGF and cMet and HGF plasma levels were evaluated, demonstrating their increase in 80‐day‐old δ‐SG null hamsters. To demonstrate the possible ability of HGF to induce stem cell differentiation, bone‐marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells were challenged with HGF at the same plasma concentration observed in vivo. HGF induced cMet phosphorylation, and caused loss of stem cell features and overexpression of MEF‐2, TEF1, and MHC. Our results demonstrate that stem cell activation occurs within the cardiomyopathic myocardium, very likely to maintain an efficient cardiac architecture. In this context, elevated levels of HGF might play a role in induction of stem cell commitment to the cardiomyocyte lineage and in cardioprotection through its anti‐apoptotic action. Consistently, when cytokine levels declined to physiological concentrations, as in 150‐day‐old cardiomyopathic animals, myocardial apoptosis prevailed, prejudicing cardiac function. Copyright © 2005 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characterization of B‐ and C‐type low molecular weight glutenin subunits by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ ionization mass spectrometry
Authors: Muccilli Vera , Cunsolo Vincenzo , Saletti Rosaria , Foti Salvatore , Masci Stefania , Lafiandra Domenico 
Published: January 2005

AbstractLow molecular weight glutenin subunits (LMW‐GS) are typically subdivided into three groups, according to their molecular weights and isoelectric points, namely the B‐, C‐, and D groups. Enriched B‐ and C‐type LMW‐GS fractions extracted from the bread wheat cultivar Chinese Spring were characterized using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) directly interfaced with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and HPLC coupled off‐line with matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry, in order to ascertain the number and relative molecular masses of the components present in each fraction and determine the number of cysteine residues. About 70 components were detected in each of the fractions examined by the combined use of these two techniques, with 18 components common to both fractions. Analysis of the fractions after alkylation with 4‐vinylpyridine allowed determination of the number of the cysteines present in about 40 subunits. The proteins detected were tentatively classified based on the relative molecular masses and number of cysteine residues. Cross‐contamination was found in both B‐ and C‐ fractions, along with the presence of D‐type LMW‐GS. The two fractions also contained unexpected components, probably lipid transfer proteins and ω‐gliadins. The presence of extensive microheterogeneity was suggested by the detection of several co‐eluting proteins with minor differences in their molecular masses.
Proteomic analysis of human pleural effusion
Authors: Tyan Yu‐Chang , Wu Hsin‐Yi , Su Wu‐Chou , Chen Pang‐Wei , Liao Pao‐Chi 
Published: January 2005

AbstractPleural effusion, an accumulation of pleural fluid, contains proteins originating from plasma filtrate and, especially when tissues are damaged, parenchymal interstitial spaces of lungs and/or other organs. This report presents data of the first global proteomic analysis of human pleural effusion. A composite sample was prepared by pooling pleural effusions from seven lung adenocarcinoma patients. Two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis analysis of the composite sample revealed 472 silver‐stained spots. 242 selected gel spots were subjected to protein identification by in‐gel digestion, liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry, and sequence database search. 44 proteins were identified with higher confidence levels (at least two unique peptide sequences matched), while 161 other proteins were identified at the minimal confidence level (only one unique peptide sequence matched). The data provide fundamental information on the composition of protein contents in human pleural effusion. Among these 44 proteins that were identified with higher confidence levels, 7 proteins, retinoblastoma binding protein 7, synaptic vesicle membrane protein, corticosteroid binding globulin precursor, PR‐domain containing protein 11, envelope glycoprotein, MSIP043 protein, and titin have not been reported in plasma and may represent proteins specifically present in pleural effusion. These proteins could have originated from parenchymal interstitial spaces and represent potential candidates of useful biomarkers that could not be readily detected in plasma but in pleural effusion. Retinoblastoma binding protein 7 is of special interest since it may play a role in the regulation of cell proliferation and differentiation.
Changes in the tobacco leaf apoplast proteome in response to salt stress
Authors: Dani Valeria , Simon William J. , Duranti Marcello , Croy Ron R. D. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe apoplast of plant cells is a dynamic compartment involved in many processes, including maintenance of tissue shape, development, nutrition, signalling, detoxification and defence. In this work we usedNicotiana tabacumplants as a model to investigate changes in the soluble apoplast composition induced in response to salt stress. Apoplastic fluid was extracted from leaves of control plants and plants exposed to salt stress, using a vacuum infiltration procedure. Two‐dimension electrophoretic analyses revealed about 150 polypeptide spots in the pH range of 3.0 to 10.0, in independent protein extracts, with a high level of reproducibility between the two sample sets. Quantitative evaluation and statistical analyses of the resolved spots in treated and untreated samples revealed 20 polypeptides whose abundance changed in response to salt stress. Mass spectroscopic peptide separation and sequencing was used to identify polypeptides affected by salt stress. While the levels of some proteins were reduced by salt‐treatment, an enhanced accumulation of protein species known to be induced by biotic and abiotic stresses was observed. In particular, two chitinases and a germin‐like protein increased significantly and two lipid transfer proteins were expressed entirelyde novo. Some apoplastic polypeptides, involved in cell wall modifications during plant development, remained largely unchanged. The significance of these components is discussed in the context of stress responses in plants.
Pressure‐induced amorphization of Na2Al2Si3O10 · 2H2O and KAlSi2O6 zeolites
Authors: Goryainov Sergei 
Published: January 2005

AbstractPressure‐induced amorphization has been observed in two zeolites, natrolite Na2Al2Si3O10 · 2H2O and leucite KAlSi2O6. Using Raman microprobe, amorphized samples were analysed in situ at high pressures at compression in methanol–ethanol medium in diamond anvil cell and also after release of pressure. Before amorphization, one crystal‐to‐crystal phase transition was observed in each zeolite. It was shown for Na2Al2Si3O10 · 2H2O that the transition from crystalline to amorphous phase is partially reversible for compression to the peak pressure in the range of ∼7–10 GPa and practically irreversible above ∼10 GPa. Surprising, the dehydrated crystal KAlSi2O6 exhibited very high quasi‐stability, at compression up to 16 GPa for one day. Long time compression (for 15 days) led to almost full amorphization of KAlSi2O6. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A simulation model for assessing aberration detection methods used in public health surveillance for systems with limited baselines
Authors: Hutwagner L. C. , Thompson W. W. , Seeman G. M. , Treadwell T. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractPublic health officials continue to develop and implement new types of ongoing surveillance systems in an attempt to detect aberrations in surveillance data as early as possible. In public health surveillance, aberrations are traditionally defined as an observed value being greater than an expected historical value for that same time period. To account for seasonality, traditional aberration detection methods use three or more years of baseline data across the same time period to calculate the expected historical value. Due to the recent implementation of short‐term bioterrorism surveillance systems, many of the new surveillance systems have limited historical data from which to calculate an expected baseline value.Three limited baseline aberration detection methods, C1‐MILD, C2‐MEDIUM, and C3‐ULTRA, were developed based on a one‐sided positive CUSUM (cumulative sum) calculation, a commonly used quality control method used in the manufacturing industry. To evaluate the strengths and weakness of these methods, data were simulated to represent syndromic data collected through the recently developed hospital‐based enhanced syndromic surveillance systems. The three methods were applied to the simulated data and estimates of sensitivity, specificity, and false‐positive rates for the three methods were obtained. For the six syndromes, sensitivity for the C1‐MILD, C2‐MEDIUM, and C3‐ULTRA models averaged 48.2, 51.3, and 53.7 per cent, respectively. Similarly, the specificities averaged 97.7, 97.8, and 96.1 per cent, respectively. The average false‐positive rates for the three models were 31.8, 29.2, and 41.5 per cent, respectively. The results highlight the value and importance of developing and testing new aberration detection methods for public health surveillance data with limited baseline information. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bayesian methods for health‐related decision making
Authors: Kadane Joseph B. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThis article reviews the basics of Bayesian decision theory, and comments on its use in medical decision making. It emphasizes the subjectivity of the probability and utility inputs, and the desirability, in certain contexts, of representing several decision makers, each with his or her own probabilities and utilities. Applications and ethical considerations are also discussed. A brief bibliography gives pointers to the literature. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Computational methods in medical decision making: to screen or not to screen?
Authors: Kafadar Karen , Prorok Philip C. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractScreening for a disease such as cancer is often regarded as a beneficial and successful strategy for reducing mortality. However, as with any clinical treatment or intervention, benefit cannot be assumed, and screening can entail both costs and harms, so the screening as a ‘treatment’ must undergo evaluation. An evaluation requires a definition of the treatment ‘benefit’, design of studies to measure that benefit with as little bias and variance as possible, and the development of methods for estimating the potential benefit. In screening studies, the factors most central to the evaluation are unobservable (e.g. earliest point in time at which disease becomes detectable, or ‘preclinical’; time at which disease might have been detected in the absence of screening; test sensitivity). Thus, screening programs should be evaluated on scenarios in which these factors are varied, to ensure the robustness of the estimated benefit under a variety of circumstances. This article describes the importance of computational methods and simulations to assess the benefit of screening programs, particularly for cancer, based on randomized screening trials, with special attention to benefit time, lead time, and bias due to length‐biased sampling. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Intrinsic meta‐analysis of contingency tables
Authors: Casella George , Moreno Elías 
Published: January 2005

AbstractMeta‐analysis has a natural formulation as a Bayesian hierarchical model. The main theoretical difficulty is the construction of a sensible relationship between the parameters of the individual statistical experiments and the meta‐parameter. Since that prior information on such a relationship is typically not available, we argue that this relationship should be dictated by the structure of the model at hand. We then propose a novel procedure based on intrinsic priors which we fully develop for the case of meta‐analysis of 2 × 2 contingency tables. Illustrations on real and artificial tables are given. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.