bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mixture design of α‐pinene, α‐terpineol, and 1,8‐cineole: A multiobjective response followed by chemometric approaches to optimize the antibacterial effect against various bacteria and antioxidant activity
Authors: Ben Akacha Boutheina , Michalak Monika , Generalić Mekinić Ivana , Kačániová Miroslava , Chaari Moufida , Brini Faical , Ben Saad Rania , Mnif Wissem , Garzoli Stefania , Ben Hsouna Anis 
Published: November 2023

Abstractα‐Pinene, α‐terpineol, and 1,8‐cineole are compounds naturally present in essential oils, although their amounts vary from oil to oil. Although several studies have reported their antibacterial and antioxidant effects, there are few reports on the synergistic or antagonistic effects of their combinations. The objective of this study was to investigate the combined antibacterial effect of these three compounds. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the prediction of their optimal combination using the mixture design approach. The experimental antibacterial activity of the α‐pinene, α‐terpineol, and 1,8‐cineole mixtures depended on the proportion of each compound in the mixture and the target strain, with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) ranging from 0.31 to 1.85 mg/mL. Using the increased simplex‐centroid mixture design, the mixture containing 0.33% of each molecule proved to be the most effective against Bacillus cereus and had the lowest MIC values. In addition, α‐pinene, α‐terpineol, and 1,8‐cineole showed significant antioxidant activity against 2,2‐picryl‐1‐hydrazyl radical (DPPH), with IC50 values of 24.53 ± 0.05, 65.63 ± 0.71, and 63.58 ± 0.01 μg/mL, respectively. Statistical planning and the development of utility profiles of the substance mixtures can predict the optimal composition that will exhibit the highest antibacterial activity against B. cereus as well as antioxidant properties. Furthermore, the synergistic effect of the mixtures can contribute significantly to their successful use as natural preservatives in various applications.
Inhibiting CSF1R alleviates cerebrovascular white matter disease and cognitive impairment
Authors: Askew Katharine E. , Beverley Joshua , Sigfridsson Emma , Szymkowiak Stefan , Emelianova Katherine , Dando Owen , Hardingham Giles E. , Duncombe Jessica , Hennessy Edel , Koudelka Juraj , Samarasekera Neshika , Salman Rustam Al‐Shahi , Smith Colin , Tavares Adriana A. S. , Gomez‐Nicola Diego , Kalaria Raj N. , McColl Barry W. , Horsburgh Karen 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWhite matter abnormalities, related to poor cerebral perfusion, are a core feature of small vessel cerebrovascular disease, and critical determinants of vascular cognitive impairment and dementia. Despite this importance there is a lack of treatment options. Proliferation of microglia producing an expanded, reactive population and associated neuroinflammatory alterations have been implicated in the onset and progression of cerebrovascular white matter disease, in patients and in animal models, suggesting that targeting microglial proliferation may exert protection. Colony‐stimulating factor‐1 receptor (CSF1R) is a key regulator of microglial proliferation. We found that the expression of CSF1R/Csf1r and other markers indicative of increased microglial abundance are significantly elevated in damaged white matter in human cerebrovascular disease and in a clinically relevant mouse model of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion and vascular cognitive impairment. Using the mouse model, we investigated long‐term pharmacological CSF1R inhibition, via GW2580, and demonstrated that the expansion of microglial numbers in chronic hypoperfused white matter is prevented. Transcriptomic analysis of hypoperfused white matter tissue showed enrichment of microglial and inflammatory gene sets, including phagocytic genes that were the predominant expression modules modified by CSF1R inhibition. Further, CSF1R inhibition attenuated hypoperfusion‐induced white matter pathology and rescued spatial learning impairments and to a lesser extent cognitive flexibility. Overall, this work suggests that inhibition of CSF1R and microglial proliferation mediates protection against chronic cerebrovascular white matter pathology and cognitive deficits. Our study nominates CSF1R as a target for the treatment of vascular cognitive disorders with broader implications for treatment of other chronic white matter diseases.
Understanding the agronomic impacts of defoliation strategies in “Bulldog 805” Alfalfa + “Tifton 85” bermudagrass mixed stands
Authors: Baxter Lisa L. , Burt Justin C. , Mullenix Mary Kimberly , Payne Sydney L. , Reagin Kaylyn R. , Mason Katie M. , Prevatt Chris G. , Tucker Jennifer J. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe incorporation of legumes, specifically alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), into bermudagrass (Cynodon spp.)‐based pasture systems in the southeastern United States has increased in recent years as an alternative to synthetic nitrogen (N) fertilization.MethodsA small plot evaluation was conducted in Shorter, Alabama, and Tifton, Georgia, USA, to evaluate the impact of harvest height (HH) and harvest frequency (HF) on agronomic characteristics of alfalfa+bermudagrass mixtures in southeastern United States.ResultsResults from both locations revealed that the longer the HF and the shorter the HH, the greater the alfalfa retention was in the stand (p < 0.01). HH did not impact any of the reported nutritive value parameters, while longer HF resulted in lower total digestible nutrients, lower crude protein, higher acid detergent fiber, and lower 48 h in vitro dry matter digestibility (p < 0.01). Both HH and HF impacted forage accumulation at both locations (p < 0.01). HH resulted in different trends at each location, while longer frequencies generally increased forage accumulation.ConclusionsThis research confirmed recent findings from comparable evaluations in the southeastern United States, in that increasing HH and decreasing HF improved alfalfa retention while having a negligible effect on nutritive value or forage accumulation.
I wish I were born in another time: Unintended consequences of immigration enforcement on birth outcomes
Authors: Vu Hoa 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis paper studies the effects of Secure Communities (SC), a wide‐ranging immigration enforcement program, on infant health outcomes in the United States. Using administrative birth certificate data together with event study and triple‐differences designs, I find that SC increases the incidence of very low birth weight by 21% for infants of foreign‐born Hispanic mothers, who were most likely to be affected by immigration enforcement. There is suggestive evidence that the results are consistent with (i) changes in maternal stress induced by deportation fear and (ii) inadequate prenatal nutrition. A back‐of‐the‐envelope calculation suggests that this unintended social cost of immigration enforcement ranges from $872 million to $1.59 billion annually.
Scope of optometry practice in Trinidad and Tobago: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Ezinne Ngozika E. , Kwarteng Michael A. , Tagoh Selassie , Ekemiri Kingsley K. , Ogbonna Grace 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackground and AimTo report the scope of optometry practice in Trinidad and Tobago to identify areas that need improvement.MethodsA cross‐sectional study of optometrists in Trinidad and Tobago was conducted using a validated self‐structured questionnaire. Data obtained was exported to the Statistical Package for Social Sciences. Descriptive analysis and Pearson χ2 were used to summarize the demographic data and determine associations, respectively.ResultA total of 63 optometrists participated in the study. Majority of them were females (69.8%, n = 44), Christians (65.1%), East Indians (47.6%), and 30 years and below (66.7%). Most (87%) of them utilized routine optometric equipment in their clinical practice including autorefractors, retinoscopes, direct ophthalmoscopes, lensometers, phoropters, slit lamp biomicroscopes, trial lens boxes, and visual acuity chart projectors. A few of them have noncontact tonometer (4.8%), Volk lenses (1.6%), and perform color vision tests (1.6%). Fewer (12.7%, n = 8) practitioners provided low‐vision services. The use of pharmaceutical agents was prevalent among the participants (55.6%). Additionally, the provision of contact lenses was the most frequently practiced service among the participants (85.7%, n = 54). A significant association was observed between the provision of low‐vision services and sex (p = 0.03).ConclusionThe scope of optometry practice in Trinidad and Tobago is in accordance with the basic guidelines set out by the World Council of Optometry but there is need to get more involved in the provision of low vision and other specialty services.
Obesity from a sign of being rich to a disease of the new age: A historical review
Authors: Marghoub Somayeh , Sanaie Sarvin , Sullman Mark J. M. , Nejadghaderi Seyed Aria , Safiri Saeid , Mohammadinasab Reza 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveObesity has historically been seen as a sign of wealth and social privilege, as can be inferred from studying the ancient works. We aimed to report the causes, diagnostic approaches, and treatment among the authentic books of traditional Iranian medicine.MethodsWe searched the original versions of historical books and used a narrative approach to report the history of obesity.ResultsObesity was often seen as an indicator of complete health. Obesity in healthy women was a requirement for beauty, based on descriptions of women from the Zoroaster period and from antiquity to the late Qajar period. This point of view existed during various ages. However, after the constitutional period, the view of obesity changed into that of an illness, due to modern ideas and offshore role models, especially during the Pahlavi era. This change led to serious attempts to treat obesity. Obesity is a critical problem that needs immediate attention to prevent substantial health consequences. Different medical paradigms have presented their criteria and foundations throughout history. The emphasis of Iranian alternative medicine was on prevention and the maintenance of health, with the next step being treatment. Prevention, treatment, consuming medicinal plants, and recovery have often been written about in the traditional books of medicine.ConclusionsThroughout the traditional Iranian medical texts, physicians have made recommendations about maintaining an appropriate body weight. The best treatment was prevention and a healthy lifestyle. The treatments for controlling and restricting obesity included paying attention to nourishment, mobility, and even the habitat.
The impact of rain‐on‐snow events on the snowmelt process: A field study
Authors: Yang Zhiwei , Chen Rensheng , Liu Yiwen , Zhao Yanni , Liu Zhangwen , Liu Junfeng 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPrevious studies have primarily focused on the hydrological response of snowpack during rain‐on‐snow (ROS) events, with limited attention given to their subsequent stages, despite the significance of these stages. Therefore, this study selected two snow plots with similar initial parameters in the Qilian Mountains at an altitude of 4151 m. One of the snow plots underwent artificial rainfall simulation, and the changes in snow albedo, liquid water content, and snow depth of two snow plots were observed and analysed during the rainfall experiment and for a period of 7 days thereafter. The results indicate that ROS events significantly accelerate the rate of decrease in snow albedo and snow depth, increase the liquid water content within the snowpack, and these effects persist for several days after the rainfall event. Furthermore, the input of liquid water leads to rapid saturation of the snowpack, altering the transport mechanism of water within the snowpack, and transforming a process that would otherwise take a long time to complete into a short time. The decrease in snow albedo enhances the absorption of more energy by the snow, thereby accelerating snowmelt. Compared to natural snowmelt, ROS events cause the snowpack with high liquid water content to rapidly melt over a short period, resulting in a rapid increase in river flow, which may be one of the causes of ROS‐induced flooding. These research findings provide scientific insights for a better understanding of the disaster mechanisms associated with ROS events.
The influence of sampling method and season on modeling of selenium into coldwater fish and implications on tissue-based water quality benchmarks
Authors: Peixoto Mendes Maíra , Cupe-Flores Beatriz , Woolhouse Katherine , Fernandes Stacey , Liber Karsten 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Selenium (Se) contamination of aquatic ecosystems has led to the local extirpation of some Se-sensitive fish species. Although Se exposure occurs primarily via diet, considerable uncertainty lies in modeling Se transfer and bioaccumulation from sediment, detritus, and/or periphyton through benthic macroinvertebrates (BMI) to fish. Here we estimated Se concentrations in four coldwater fish species (northern pike, white sucker, lake whitefish, and ninespine stickleback) inhabiting boreal lakes downstream from a uranium mill in northern Canada. In addition, we evaluated the potential effects of BMI and periphyton sampling methods (artificial substrates vs. grab samples), seasons (summer vs. winter), and models (USEPA vs. Assessment of the Dispersion and Effects of Parameter Transport) on the estimated Se concentrations in fish tissue. Results were compared with site-specific benchmarks and observed Se concentrations in resident fish. In summer 2019, periphyton and BMI were sampled at 10 sampling stations (two in Vulture Lake and eight in McClean Lake) using artificial substrates (n = 4) and sediment grab samples (n = 3). In winter 2021, samples were collected in McClean Lake (n = 3) through ice holes using a sediment grab sampler. Estimated Se concentrations in fish tissue depended on the surface sediment or periphyton Se concentrations used in the models. At Vulture Lake, Se concentrations in northern pike muscle estimated using the grab sample data (17.3 ± 11.5 µg/g DW), but not the artificial substrates (34.5 ± 1.2 µg/g DW), were comparable with the observed mean concentration (19.0 ± 1.4 µg/g DW) in this species. At McClean Lake, Se body burdens in forage fish estimated using data from both sampling methods were comparable with measured data. Significantly lower mean whole-body Se concentrations were estimated for all fish species in winter (1.0 ± 0.3 µg/g DW) relative to summer (4.8 ± 1.6 µg/g DW). Further investigation is necessary to understand how potential seasonal shifts in dietary Se exposure relate to fish reproduction and early life stages.
Small renal cell carcinoma accompanied by extensive inferior vena cava tumor thrombus diagnosed by percutaneous transvenous biopsy
Authors: Tsukada Hikaru , Hayakawa Nozomi , Aida Koichiro , Wada Shinji , Morimoto Tsuyoshi , Doi Masatomo , Mimura Hidefumi , Koike Junki , Kikuchi Eiji 
Published: November 2023

IntroductionUp to 10% of patients with renal cell carcinoma present with tumor thrombus in the inferior vena cava. We report that a case of small renal cell carcinoma with tumor thrombus extending above the diaphragm for which transvenous biopsy was performed for diagnosis.Case presentationA 79‐year‐old man performed computed tomography to evaluate hepatic dysfunction, which revealed intravenous tumor extending above the diaphragm and a 15‐mm‐sized exophytic tumor in right kidney. Imaging suggested that the renal tumor was renal cell carcinoma. As this tumor was small and exophytic, confirmation of the intravenous tumor being tumor thrombus associated with renal cell carcinoma was difficult. We simultaneously performed transvenous biopsy on the intravenous tumor and percutaneous biopsy on the renal tumor for obtaining histologic diagnoses. The final diagnosis was small renal cell carcinoma accompanied by tumor thrombus above the diaphragm.ConclusionTransvenous biopsy may be useful for the definitive diagnosis of inferior vena cava‐tumor thrombus in cases of small renal cell carcinoma.
Population Pharmacokinetics of Ozoralizumab in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Takeuchi Tsutomu , Chino Yukihiro , Mano Yoko , Kawanishi Masafumi , Sato Yuri , Uchida Saeko , Tanaka Yoshiya 
Published: November 2023

AbstractOzoralizumab is a bispecific NANOBODY compound that binds tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and human serum albumin. Ozoralizumab inhibits the TNFα physiological activity while maintaining long‐term plasma retention owing to its human serum albumin–binding ability. A population pharmacokinetic (PK) model was developed using data from 494 Japanese patients with rheumatoid arthritis in Phase II/III and Phase III trials to assess the effects of potential PK covariates. The ozoralizumab PK after subcutaneous administration was described using a 1‐compartment model with first‐order absorption and first‐order elimination processes. A proportional error model was used for inter‐ and intra‐individual variabilities, with covariance set between inter‐individual variabilities of the apparent clearance and apparent distribution volume. Body weight, sex, antidrug antibody status, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and concomitant methotrexate use were identified as covariates for apparent clearance, while body weight and sex were covariates for apparent distribution volume in the final model. Body weight had the greatest effect on the PK of ozoralizumab, while the other covariates had minor effects. When administered at 30 mg every 4 weeks, the predicted steady‐state plasma trough concentration in a patient weighing 83.2 kg exceeded the trough concentration required to maintain efficacy of ozoralizumab, and the estimated exposure in a patient weighing 42.5 kg did not exceed the mean exposure at 80 mg, a well‐tolerated dose, throughout 52 weeks. We developed a population PK model that adequately described the ozoralizumab PK in Japanese patients with rheumatoid arthritis, and none of the evaluated covariates showed clinically relevant effects on the PK of ozoralizumab.
New species and new records of genus Buellia (lichenized Ascomycota, Caliciaceae) from Pakistan using electron microscopy and DNA barcoding techniques
Authors: Afshan Najam‐ul‐Sehar , Fayyaz Iram , Iftikhar Fatima , Habib Kamran , Iqbal Muhammad Shahid , Wang Xin Yu , Usman Muhammad , Asif Wajiha , Niazi Abdul Rehman , Khalid Abdul Nasir 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThree new species Buellia darelensis, B. densitheca, B. kashmirensis and two new records B. elegans and B. taishanensis are added to the lichen biota of Pakistan. Buellia darelensis and B. kashmirensis share the same habitats found on the rock while B. densitheca colonized on bark of Pinus hardwoods in the Himalayan forest, Pakistan. Morphological, chemical, and phylogenetic analyses were carried out to elucidate the placement of these species and to support the delimitation of the new taxa. Detailed descriptions and figures for the species are given, and a key to all known buellioid species from Pakistan is provided.Research Highlights
During recent explorations of lichens from different regions of Pakistan, we observed specimens that could not be readily assigned to any known species. A phylogenetic analysis of the internal transcribed spacer nrDNA region confirms their position within the genus Buellia, and morphological data showed distinctiveness of three species from other known species of the genus. We therefore describe these specimens as new species to science, and two species are as new records for the country. Pakistan exhibits a large altitudinal variation, with climatic conditions and a diverse vegetation that supports a diverse and conspicuous lichen biota. The nature reserves have abundant biological resources, and it is expected that more new species of lichen may be discovered in the future.
Comparative microscopic investigations of leaf epidermis in four Ajuga species from Korea
Authors: Choi Bokyung , Hwang Yeojin , McAdam Scott A. M. , Jang Tae‐Soo 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe genus Ajuga is widely distributed in temperate to subtropical regions, and four species are currently recognized in Korea (A. decumbens, A. multiflora, A. nipponensis, and A. spectabilis), but epidermal anatomical differences across these species have never been described. A comparative study of the leaf micromorphological characteristics of Korean Ajuga species was performed using light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to elucidate their taxonomic usefulness and to assess leaf micromorphological diversity. Considerable diversity in epidermal and stomatal anatomy was observed across Korean Ajuga species. Species had both hypostomatic or amphistomatic leaves, with anomocytic, anisocytic, diactyic, or actinocytic stomatal complexes. Guard cell length across species ranged from 17.66 ± 0.57 μm to 32.50 ± 2.38 μm and correlated with genome size. Abnormal stomata were frequently observed in three species (A. decumbens, A. multiflora, and A. nipponensis) but not in A. spectabilis. Three types of glandular trichomes were found: peltate in all species, short‐stalked in all species, and long‐stalked glandular trichomes in A. multiflora. Among the investigated leaf micromophological characters, trichome type, epidermal cell shape, and stomatal morphology were all taxonomically informative traits at a species level.Research Highlights
A comprehensive micromorphological description of the leaf surface is provided for Korean Ajuga species using scanning electron microscopic (SEM) and light microscopic (LM) analyses.
The diverse range of stomatal development and the occurrence of polymorphic stomatal types are documented for the first time in Korean Ajuga species.
The great diversity in stomatal and trichome morphology in Korean Ajuga species are taxonomically useful traits for species identification.