bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Monoclonal antibody to a DNA‐binding domain of p53 mimics charge structure of DNA: anti‐idiotypes to the anti‐p53 antibody are anti‐DNA
Authors: Herkel Johannes , Kam Na'aman , Erez Neta , Mimran Avishai , Heifetz Alexander , Eisenstein Miriam , Rotter Varda , Cohen Irun R. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractAntibodies to DNA are important markers of various autoimmune diseases and can be pathogenic; however, their generation is not understood. We previously reported that anti‐DNA antibodies could be induced in mice by idiotypic immunization to PAb‐421, an antibody to a DNA‐binding domain of p53. We now report that two monoclonal antibodies of moderate affinity (KD≈︁10–7), raised from PAb‐421‐immunized mice, specifically recognized both PAb‐421 and DNA. These antibodies feature multiple arginine residues in the antigen‐binding site, a unique characteristic of disease‐associated anti‐DNA antibodies; nevertheless, these anti‐DNA antibodies show specific complementarity to PAb‐421 by competing with p53 for PAb‐421 binding and recognize defined oligonucleotides with a specificity similar to that of p53. To study the structural basis for the cross‐recognition of PAb‐421 and DNA by the anti‐DNA antibodies, we constructed computer models (fine‐tuned by protein‐protein docking) of PAb‐421 and one of the monoclonal anti‐DNA antibodies. The modeled structures manifested structural complementarity. Most notably, the modeled structure of PAb‐421 resembled the structure of DNA by the positions of negatively charged groups and aromatic side chains. Thus, a protein molecule may mimic the structure of DNA and the elusive generation of anti‐DNA antibodies could be explained by idiotypic immunity to a DNA‐binding protein, like p53.
Identification of a naturally processed cyclin D1 T‐helper epitope by a novel combination of HLA class II targeting and differential mass spectrometry
Authors: Dengjel Jörn , Decker Patrice , Schoor Oliver , Altenberend Florian , Weinschenk Toni , Rammensee Hans‐Georg , Stevanovic Stefan 
Published: October 2004

AbstractT‐helper (Th) cells play an important role in orchestrating the effector function of CTL in anti‐tumor immunity. However, only a limited number of Th cell epitopes has been characterized. Here we describe a novel approach for identifying naturally processed and presented peptides derived from chosen antigens. This method combines a transfection step of antigen‐presenting cells with a vector encoding a fusion protein between the Ii chain and the antigen of interest, elution of the HLA‐bound peptides and identification of the antigen‐derived peptides by mass spectrometric comparison to the non‐transfected cells. In vitro‐stimulated Th cells against the identified peptide of interest specifically recognize transfectants overexpressing the cognate antigen. Using this approach, we were able to identify the HLA‐DR4‐restricted Th cell epitope NPPSMVAAGSVVAAV derived from cyclin D1, which is frequently overexpressed in tumors. This method will help in identifying peptide candidates for vaccination studies for tumor immunotherapy.
Utilisation of 1,3‐Dicarbonyl Derivatives in Multicomponent Reactions
Authors: Simon Céline , Constantieux Thierry , Rodriguez Jean 
Published: October 2004

AbstractAlthough isocyanide‐based multicomponent reactions (MCRs), introduced in 1921 by Passerini, largely predominate nowadays in the construction of widely diverse heterocycles, one of the first substrate classes involved in a MCR was that of 1,3‐dicarbonyl derivatives, with Hantzsch’s dihydropyridine synthesis appearing as early as 1882. The aim of this microreview is to present an overview of the great synthetic potential of MCRs involving the specific reactivity of easily accessible 1,3‐dicarbonyl derivatives and to stress their more recent utilisation for the development of new and useful methodologies valuable for the selective construction of highly functionalised small organic molecules of high synthetic and biological value. After a short general introduction, we present chronologically the different methodologies developed on the bases of the reactivity of 1,3‐dicarbonyl systems towards many other substrates involved in a variety of synthetic pathways, including Knoevenagel condensations, Michael and Mannich reactions, cyclodehydrations, electrocyclisations, cycloadditions and metal‐promoted transformations. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
Determination of Platinum with Thiosemicarbazide by Catalytic Adsorptive Stripping Voltammetry (AdSV)
Authors: Huszal Sylwester , Kowalska Joanna , Krzeminska Magdalena , Golimowski Jerzy 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThis work describes a very sensitive and selective voltammetric procedure for the determination of platinum. Instead of commonly used hydrazine, thiosemicarbazide as a component of supporting electrolyte was applied. The method is based on adsorption of platinum‐thiosemicarbazone complex, formed in situ in voltammetric cell from thiosemicarbazide and formaldehyde, coupled with a hydrogen catalytic reaction at a hanging mercury drop electrode. The linear relation between platinum concentration and height of analytical signal was observed up to 1.5×10−9 mol L−1 with the detection limit calculated as 1.5×10−13 mol L−1 (3 s of the blank) after 50 s of accumulation time. The effect of various interferences from other ions was studied. Described method was applied for platinum determination in hydroponically cultivated plants after microwave decomposition.
Inlaid Multi‐Walled Carbon Nanotube Nanoelectrode Arrays for Electroanalysis
Authors: Li Jun , Koehne Jessica E. , Cassell Alan M. , Chen Hua , Ng Hou Tee , Ye Qi , Fan Wendy , Han Jie , Meyyappan M. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThe rapid development in nanomaterials and nanotechnologies has provided many new opportunities for electroanalysis. We review our recent results on the fabrication and electroanalytical applications of nanoelectrode arrays based on vertically aligned multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). A bottom‐up approach is demonstrated, which is compatible with Si microfabrication processes. MWCNTs are encapsulated in SiO2 matrix leaving only the very end exposed to form inlaid nanoelectrode arrays. The electrical and electrochemical properties have been characterized, showing well‐defined quasireversible nanoelectrode behavior. Ultrasensitive detection of small redox molecules in bulk solutions as well as immobilized at the MWCNT ends is demonstrated. A label‐free affinity‐based DNA sensor has shown extremely high sensitivity approaching that of fluorescence techniques. This platform can be integrated with microelectronics and microfluidics for fully automated microchips.
Achieving Direct Electrical Connection to Glucose Oxidase Using Aligned Single Walled Carbon Nanotube Arrays
Authors: Liu Jingquan , Chou Alison , Rahmat Wibowo , Paddon‐Row Michael N. , Gooding J. Justin 
Published: October 2004

AbstractDirect electron transfer between an electrode and the redox active centre of glucose oxidase, flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), is probed using carbon nanotube modified gold electrodes. Gold electrodes are first modified with a self‐assembled monolayer of cysteamine and then shortened single walled carbon nanotubes (SWNT) are aligned normal to the electrode surface by self‐assembly. The electrochemistry of these aligned nanotube electrode arrays is initially investigated using potassium ferricyanide which showed SWNT act as nanoelectrodes with the ends of the tubes more electrochemically active than the walls. Subsequently the nanotubes are plugged into the enzymes in one of two ways. In the first method, native glucose oxidase is covalently attached to the ends of the aligned tubes which allowed close approach to FAD and direct electron transfer to be observed with a rate constant of 0.3 s−1. In the second strategy, FAD was attached to the ends of the tubes and the enzyme reconstituted around the surface immobilized FAD. This latter approach allowed more efficient electron transfer to the FAD with a rate constant of 9 s−1.
A Disposable Biosensor for Organophosphorus Nerve Agents Based on Carbon Nanotubes Modified Thick Film Strip Electrode
Authors: Joshi Kanchan A. , Tang Jason , Haddon Robert , Wang Joseph , Chen Wilfred , Mulchandani Ashok 
Published: October 2004

AbstractA disposable biosensor based on acetylcholinesterase‐functionalized acid purified multi‐wall carbon nanotubes (CNTs) modified thick film strip electrode for organophosphorus (OP) insecticides was developed. The degree of inhibition of the enzyme acteylcholinesterase (AChE) by OP compounds was determined by measuring the electrooxidation current of the thiocholine generated by the AChE catalyzed hydrolysis of acteylthiocholine (ATCh). The large surface area and electro‐catalytic activity of carbon nanotubes lowered the overpotential for thiocholine oxidation to 200 mV (vs. Ag/AgCl) without the use of mediating redox species and enzyme immobilization by physical adsorption. The biosensor detected as low as 0.5 nM (0.145 ppb) of the model organophosphate nerve agent paraoxon with good precision, electrode to electrode reproducibility and stability. Analysis of real water sample using the sensor demonstrated the feasibility of the application of the sensor for on site monitoring of OP compounds.
Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy as an In Vitro Technique for Measuring Convective Flow Rates Across Dentine and the Efficacy of Surface Blocking Treatments
Authors: Macpherson Julie V. , Unwin Patrick R. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractScanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) is shown to be a powerful technique for both the measurement of local solution velocities through human dentine slices, in vitro, and for assessing quantitatively the effect of surface treatments on the flow process. SECM employs a small ultramicroelectrode (micron dimensions) as an imaging probe to provide information on the topography and transport characteristics of dentine, with high spatial resolution. In these studies the dentine sample is a membrane in a two compartment cell, which contains solutions of identical composition, including a redox active mediator (Fe(CN)$\rm{ {_{6}^{4-}})}$. In the absence of an applied pressure, the transport‐limited current response at the probe electrode is due to diffusion of Fe(CN)$\rm{ {_{6}^{4-}}}$ to the UME, which depends on the probe to sample separation. Under an applied hydrostatic pressure, hydrodynamic flow across the sample enhances mass transport to the UME. With this methodology it was possible to accurately measure effective fluid velocities, by recording tip currents with and without pressure, and assess the efficacy of potential flow retarding agents for the treatment of dentinal hypersensitivity. For native dentine, the solution velocity was found to vary dramatically with location on the sample. The application of a glycerol monooleate ‐ base paste treatment to the surface of dentine was found to lower local flow velocities significantly. This electroanalytical methodology is simple to implement and is generally applicable to assessing the efficacy and mode of action of a wide variety of potential fluid flow retarding agents.
An evaluation of Endangered Species Act exemptions in the department of defense and the U.S. Air Force
Authors: Sitzabee William E. , Bleckmann Charles A. , England Ellen C. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThe 2004 National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA) granted relief to the Department of Defense (DOD) on compliance with certain provisions of the Endangered Species Act (ESA). Specifically, the Secretary of the Interior was mandated to exempt DOD from critical habitat designation on military installations provided that the installation had an Integrated Natural Resources Management Plan (INRMP), as required by the Sikes Act, and the resources to effectively implement the plan. DOD viewed this legislative relief as an important step in addressing one element of general encroachment concerns on military lands. This article reviews the background of the critical habitat issue on military lands and the steps that led to the provisions included in the 2004 NDAA. To determine the status and degree of implementation of the ESA provisions of the 2004 NDAA in the U.S. Air Force (USAF), the principal author conducted a survey of USAF range natural resources managers. The results of that survey indicate that the USAF is meeting the requirements of the 2004 NDAA by having valid INRMPs for its installations and by providing adequate funding for their implementation. However, the survey results suggested several areas where improvement was needed, particularly in educating natural resources managers about documenting the impacts of critical species on training ranges, partnering with outside groups to leverage manpower and financial resources, and improving public education and awareness of USAF training range environmental programs. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A framework and methodology for establishing degraded military skills due to encroachment of training ranges
Authors: Reinke Paul 
Published: October 2004

AbstractEncroachment at many military ranges and training facilities is negatively impacting the realism and effectiveness of military training. To clearly link the presence of encroachment pressures to degraded military training requires an analytical approach that embraces encroachment pressures, range capability to support training, the skill proficiencies acquired by units trained at the facility, and the quality of the mission‐essential task training experience. Most importantly, this approach must discriminate between the encroachment pressures that can be managed, such as critical habitat conservation and endangered species protection, and the pressures that cannot, such as population growth or range capacity limits.A reasonable indicator of degraded training—as evidenced by skill‐proficiency levels—can be shown for military units using specific ranges to conduct mission task training. Degraded training can be quantified as either a score or an index depending upon further uses for this information. The root causes of degraded training are determined by analysis of the data captured during examination of the collective mission training tasks. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Treatment of energetic hazardous waste by open detonation at the Naval Air Weapons Station, China Lake, California
Authors: Zellmer Lauren A. , Boggs Thomas L. , Erickson Eric D. , Chafin Andrew P. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThe Naval Air Weapons Station, China Lake, California, is the Navy's largest research, development, test, and evaluation (RDT&E) facility, encompassing more than 1.1 million acres. The State of California has a long tradition of strong enforcement of strict environmental standards. The treatment of energetic wastes by open burn/open detonation (OB/OD) has been a matter of considerable controversy in some of parts of the state, as well as areas around the country. With a science‐based, data‐driven approach, a team of China Lake environmental specialists and technical experts in the research and energetics area establishes the validity of OD as a preferred treatment method.The anticipated outcome of China Lake's efforts is the approval by state regulatory agencies of a revised human health risk assessment (HRA). The purpose of the HRA is to address potential health effects (both cancer and non‐cancer) from exposure to emissions from OB/OD activities on human receptors. In order to ensure that the revised HRA is based on valid scientifically backed data that can withstand public and regulatory scrutiny, China Lake has focused efforts on three areas: (1) development of a validated emission factor database from actual test data; (2) fate of metal casings associated with the OD of munitions; and (3) OD simulation tests for energetic‐contaminated wastes. This article discusses all three efforts. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Innovative stormwater management at Marine Corps Air Station, New River
Authors: Kropinack Kirk R. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractBecause of the nature of Marine Corps Air Station, New River, there are several stormwater management challenges it faces. The station's location in coastal North Carolina means that it is located within a uniquely sensitive environment. Additionally, being an airport, there is a large number of impervious areas and Bird/Animal Strike Hazard (BASH) concerns. This article discusses three stormwater management initiatives undertaken by the station: (1) diverting stormwater inflow from the sanitary sewer system, (2) evaluating stormwater management techniques, such as low‐impact development, that are not stormwater ponds (which cause enhanced BASH concerns), and (3) assuring all station personnel are aware of their responsibilities at work to avoid releases with the use of simple, easy‐to‐understand environmental signage. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Miscellaneous organic NESHAP compliance for a new countermeasure flare production facility at the Milan Army Ammunition Plant
Authors: Knisley Dennis R. , Evans Louis A. , Goodwin Edward , McKnight Charles 
Published: October 2004

AbstractFR Countermeasures, Inc. (FRC), a division of Flight Refuelling Ltd. of the United Kingdom, has sited a countermeasure flare production facility at the Milan Army Ammunition Plant (MLAAP) in Milan, Tennessee. Franklin Engineering Group, Inc. (Franklin Engineering) worked in cooperation with FRC to develop an air permitting strategy that would allow expedited regulatory review and approval to meet an aggressive construction schedule. This strategy addressed eventual compliance with the 40 CFR, Subpart FFFF (Miscellaneous Organic NESHAP (MON) standard) by permitting the facility as a conditional major source to allow for construction, start‐up, and initial operation with eventual operation as a major source (i.e., Title V) at full processing rates.The facility was modeled after Flight Refuelling Ltd.'s North Stockbridge, U.K., manufacturing facility, with several important distinctions. First, the regulatory standards for air emissions from this type of facility in the United States, in combination with a higher production capacity, necessitated a higher level of control for hazardous air pollutants (HAPs). Additionally, FRC had to address increased volume of effluent water from the solvent recovery process and carbon regeneration process. Finally, this effluent water had to meet the Sewer Use Agreement, which required additional acetone removal prior to discharge to the sewer. The selection of an integrated air pollution control system to achieve these environmental objectives required special consideration of safety issues inherent to energetics manufacturing.After consideration of several air pollution control technologies, FRC and Franklin Engineering selected an activated carbon adsorption system for treatment of combined gases from two main batch sources: mixing and drying processes. This system will achieve greater than 95 percent recovery of HAPs from these processes, as required for regulatory purposes. Carbon beds are regenerated via steam stripping to yield two streams: recovered hydrocarbons and a recondensed aqueous stream. Recovered solvents are reused or sold. The aqueous stream is combined with water from the batch wash process and steam stripped for solvent recovery. Crucial to assuring safe operation of the air pollution control system was the utilization of a flame isolation valve with gas cartridge actuators to eliminate potential flame/deflagration passage between each process unit. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
RCRA and UIC obligations attendant to closing a facility
Authors: Shearer C. Russell H. , Heath John H. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThe current competitive global business environment, coupled with the considerations brought about by the existing regulatory regime, might yield the conclusion that a particular facility is too expensive to operate, and that placing it in cold standby or shuttering it altogether is the more cost‐effective course. Even in this analysis, cost is an important consideration, particularly the cost of complying with the myriad environmental obligations that will govern a facility's placement in cold standby or closure, because numerous environmental requirements attach to closing a plant. Two of the most important sources of those requirements for facilities that manage hazardous waste and injection‐well facilities are the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) and the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA). Plants must hold a RCRA permit to operate hazardous waste storage units, hazardous waste landfills, and hazardous waste container storage areas, which must also be closed in accord with that statute, especially the unit‐specific requirements for landfills and surface impoundments. The SDWA governs plants with underground injection wells, which must have an Underground Injection Control permit to operate. This permit governs closure and postclosure activities for the underground injection wells. Finally, other agreements, such as Consent Decrees, may attach closure, postclosure, and interim obligations. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Two‐dimensional anisotropic Cartesian mesh adaptation for the compressible Euler equations
Authors: Keats W. A. , Lien F.‐S. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractSimulating transient compressible flows involving shock waves presents challenges to the CFD practitioner in terms of the mesh quality required to resolve discontinuities and prevent smearing. This paper discusses a novel two‐dimensional Cartesian anisotropic mesh adaptation technique implemented for transient compressible flow. This technique, originally developed for laminar incompressible flow, is efficient because it refines and coarsens cells using criteria that consider the solution in each of the cardinal directions separately. In this paper, the method will be applied to compressible flow. The procedure shows promise in its ability to deliver good quality solutions while achieving computational savings.Transient shock wave diffraction over a backward step and shock reflection over a forward step are considered as test cases because they demonstrate that the quality of the solution can be maintained as the mesh is refined and coarsened in time. The data structure is explained in relation to the computational mesh, and the object‐oriented design and implementation of the code is presented. Refinement and coarsening algorithms are outlined. Computational savings over uniform and isotropic mesh approaches are shown to be significant. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The impact of diabetes on employment: genetic IVs in a bivariate probit
Authors: Shelton Brown H. , Pagán José A. , Bastida Elena 
Published: October 2004

AbstractDiabetes has been shown to have a detrimental impact on employment and labor market productivity, which results in lost work days and higher mortality/disability. This study utilizes data from the Border Epidemiologic Study on Aging to analyze the endogeneity of diabetes in an employment model. We use family history of diabetes as genetic instrumental variables. We show that assuming that diabetes is an exogenous variable results in an overestimate (underestimate) of the negative impact of diabetes on female (male) employment. Our results are particularly relevant in the case of populations where genetic predisposition has an important role in the etiology of diabetes. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.