bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Modifiable Risk Factors in the Development of Age Related Macular Degeneration in Kashmiri Population
Authors: Mehak Mufti, Hammad Nasti, Tajali Shora  
Published: January 2024

Age Related Macular Degeneration (ARMD) is the leading cause of irreversible visual loss, adversely affecting the quality of life. It is a degenerative disorder of the macula involving the choriocapillaries, Bruchs membrane, retinal pigment epithelium and the photoreceptors. It is a multifactorial disease occurring due to a complex interplay of genetic and environmental factors. Gender, ethnicity, smoking, obesity, hypertension, diabetes, history of cardiovascular disorders, high fat intake, low intake of carotenoids, history of cataract surgery, blue iris colour, high sunlight exposure are some of the risk factors, many of which are very well documented and some still remain controversial due to lack of evidence.
Objective
The aim of our study was to evaluate the role of some of the modifiable non genetic risk factors in the causation of ARMD and the role of healthy lifestyle in preventing the visual loss due to ARMD.
Materials & Method
This is a case control study which was conducted on the outdoor patients attending Al Kabir eye care center, Srinagar. The ARMD status of the patients was confirmed by thorough ophthalmological examination by a single opthalmologist. Height, weight BMI, history of smoking, history of hypertension, hyperopia, and cataract surgery was taken. Iris color was noted. Detailed dietary history regarding intake of fruits, vegetables, beef, lamb, and fish was taken. Data was analysed using Chi square test.
Result
We found that prevalence of ARMD increases after 60 years of age. History of smoking, history of higher intake of beef and lamb is strongly associated with ARMD (p value <0.01and <0.03 respectively). We did not find any association between ARMD and history of cataract surgery, hyperopia or hypertension nor did our study find any significant difference in the association of ARMD and iris colour.
Conclusion
From our analysis we can conclude that ARMD is a disease of the older population and cigarette smoking, excessive consumption of beef and lamb are significant risk factors for the causation of ARMD
Acute Effect of Hemodialysis on Cognition in Patient of End Stage Renal Disease
Authors: Sanaul Mustafa Ansari, Kumar Siddharth, Ashok Sharan  
Published: January 2024

Aim
To assess effect of hemodialysis on cognitive control.
Introduction
Studies till date have not confirmed the immediate effect of hemodialysis on cognitive function. Cognitive control consists of core cognitive functions such as working memory and inhibition. In several studies it was observed that patients performed worse than healthy control in terms of fluency, working memory, inhibitory control, cognitive flexibility, and decision-making. This study was specifically designed to observe the effect of hemodialysis on learning and memory (Cognitive Control) in fifty ambulatory male subjects of end stage renal disease undergoing twice a week hemodialysis of age more than 21years.
Material and Method
Subjects on hemodialysis for more than 2 months up to a year were only included. They were instructed about methodology of Stroop color Word Test, Backward digit span Test and Ray Auditory Verbal learning Test. Following instruction on methodology they were given five practice sessions. They were then tested before and after hemodialysis.
Result
Post hemodialysis, the reaction time for Stroop color condition, Stroop word condition and Strop color word condition was less and this was found to be statistically significant when compared to pre hemodialysis. This indicates an improvement in executive control acutely after dialysis. If we look at backward digit span test and RAVLT total score, delayed recall and average recall no significant change was seen. The RAVLT immediate recall time changed significantly after hemodialysis.
Conclusion
There is acute effect of hemodialysis on executive function (cognitive control) domain of cognition.
Evaluación de áreas Vulnerables a Incendios Forestales en la Reserva Geobotánica Pululahua del Cantón Quito, Utilizando Imágenes Ecostress
Authors: Logaña Hayo Cristian Patricio , Cando Jácome Marcelo 
Published: January 2024

Como un mecanismo de previsión para la reducción de incendios forestales dentro de la Reserva Geobotánica Pululahua RGP en épocas de verano, esta investigación utilizó una metodología combinada de Geomática Aplicada Avanzada, mediante el análisis de imágenes Ecostress/ECO2LST-Sentinel 3, para determinar la temperatura del suelo y el Modelo Morfométrico basado en el Índice de Humedad Topográfica y el Índice de Efecto del Viento para delimitar pequeños tránsitos de flujos de convección de calor para la propagación del fuego a través de las geoformas bajas hasta las altas. La combinación de estos métodos determino 4 zonas susceptibles a incendios forestales cuyas temperaturas varían desde - 4.15°C y mayores a 24 °C, con índices de emisividad térmica que varían desde 16.386 hasta 19.273 (w/m2) en microcuencas geomorfológicamente cerradas las que tienen concentraciones importantes de biomasa. Estas zonas incluyen los sectores de Niebli de Monjas, Chaupizacha, Hacienda la Playa, San José de Neblí, entre otros sectores cercanos a la reserva.
Biochemical defence reactions of black pepper varieties against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides incitant of anthracnose disease
Authors: Peeran Mohammed Faisal , Biju Chakkiyanickal Narayanan , Rajan Gowri , Ankegowda Shettahalli Koppallu Javaraiah , Sharon Aravind , Akshitha Hosahalli Jagannath Gowda 
Published: January 2024

Anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides in Black pepper is a severe disease that causes even up to 100 percent crop losses under epidemic conditions. Most of the cultivated varieties of black pepper are highly susceptible to the disease, especially Panniyur 1, the most predominant variety grown in the country. Our study tested 11 black pepper genotypes for their biochemical defense reaction to anthracnose disease. Field observations were initially recorded for two consecutive years in alternate germplasm sites, and the disease incidence ranged between 4.00 and 21.33. The disease incidence under glasshouse conditions upon challenge inoculation was minimal for the variety IISR Girimunda. Upon inoculation with C. gloeosporioides, resistant cultivars exhibited significantly higher activity levels of antioxidant enzymes such as peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase, catalase, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, and superoxide dismutase compared to local check and uninoculated control plants. This suggests that the variety IISR Girimunda’s resistance to anthracnose may be attributed to its possession of robust biochemical defense molecules.
Evidence of Weak Circumstellar Medium Interaction in the Type II SN 2023axu
Authors: Shrestha Manisha , Pearson Jeniveve , Wyatt Samuel , Sand David J. , Hosseinzadeh Griffin , Bostroem K. Azalee , Andrews Jennifer E. , Dong 董 Yize 一泽 , Hoang Emily , Janzen Daryl , Jencson Jacob E. , Lundquist Michael , Mehta Darshana , Retamal Nicolás Meza , Valenti Stefano , Rastinejad Jillian C. , Daly Phil , Porter Dallan , Hinz Joannah , Self Skyler , Weiner Benjamin , Williams G. Grant , Hiramatsu Daichi , Howell D. Andrew , McCully Curtis , Gonzalez Estefania Padilla , Pellegrino Craig , Terreran Giacomo , Newsome Megan , Farah Joseph , Itagaki Koichi , Jha Saurabh W. , Kwok Lindsey , Smith Nathan , Schwab Michaela , Rho Jeonghee , Yang Yi 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
We present high-cadence photometric and spectroscopic observations of SN 2023axu, a classical Type II supernova with an absolute V-band peak magnitude of –17.2 ± 0.1 mag. SN 2023axu was discovered by the Distance Less Than 40 Mpc (DLT40) survey within 1 day of the last nondetection in the nearby galaxy NGC 2283 at 13.7 Mpc. We modeled the early light curve using a recently updated shock cooling model that includes the effects of line blanketing and found the explosion epoch to be MJD 59971.48 ± 0.03 and the probable progenitor to be a red supergiant. The shock cooling model underpredicts the overall UV data, which point to a possible interaction with circumstellar material. This interpretation is further supported by spectral behavior. We see a ledge feature around 4600 Å in the very early spectra (+1.1 and +1.5 days after the explosion), which can be a sign of circumstellar interaction. The signs of circumstellar material are further bolstered by the presence of absorption features blueward of Hα and Hβ at day >40, which is also generally attributed to circumstellar interaction. Our analysis shows the need for high-cadence early photometric and spectroscopic data to decipher the mass-loss history of the progenitor.
Whither or Wither the Sulfur Anomaly in Planetary Nebulae?
Authors: Tan Shuyu , Parker Quentin A. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
We present a thorough investigation of the long-standing sulfur anomaly enigma. Our analysis uses chemical abundances from the most extensive data set available for 126 planetary nebulae (PNs) with improved accuracy and reduced uncertainties from a 10° × 10° Galactic bulge region. By using argon as a superior PN metallicity indicator, the anomaly is significantly reduced and better constrained. For the first time in PNs we show sulfur α-element lockstep with both oxygen and argon. We dispel hypotheses that the anomaly originates from underestimation of higher sulfur ionization stages. Using a machine-learning approach, we show that earlier ionization correction factor schemes contributed significantly to the anomaly. We find a correlation between the sulfur anomaly and the age/mass of PN progenitors, with the anomaly either absent or significantly reduced in PNs with young progenitors. Despite inherent challenges and uncertainties, we link this to PN dust chemistry, noting those with carbon-dust chemistry show a more pronounced anomaly. By integrating these findings, we provide a plausible explanation for the residual, reduced sulfur anomaly and propose its potential as an indicator of relative galaxy age compositions based on PNs.
Depth-to-diameter Ratios of Fresh Craters on the Moon and Implications for Surface Age Estimates
Authors: Hoover Rachael H. , Robbins Stuart J. , Hynek Brian M. , Hayne Paul O. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The depth-to-diameter (d/D) ratios of small lunar craters (D < 400 m) can be used to determine important properties of the upper regolith, specifically material strength or thickness. The d/D is also an important component of topographic diffusion models that describe how different erosive processes influence and change the topography of a surface over time, and these models have been applied to estimate surface ages. These models must make assumptions regarding rates of erosion and the initial d/D of a crater. Previous works investigating d/D of small craters, which use various methodologies to calculate depth, typically assume that a fresh appearing crater is a young crater. Work presented here provides d/D measurements of known—rather than assumed—young, meter-scale craters to provide better constraints on small crater depths and to help further our understanding of lunar surface ages and upper regolith properties. Given the interest in impact crater modification at small, human scales on the Moon and the wide range of assumptions built into topographic diffusion models and their predictions, understanding whether the results for initial d/D from past work hold up under different analyses is critical. We observed no distinct trends in d/D for small, young craters and report a wide range of d/D from 0.08 to 0.215, in contrast with past work that derived different averages based on crater size. The variation in d/D may correspond to heterogeneous regolith properties or be a result of a data source artifact.
Bergson’s Legacy among the Avant-Garde: Intuition, Aesthetics, and Political Ideology
Authors: Antliff Mark 
Published: January 2024

In this article I will examine more closely why exactly Bergson’s philosophy of time and intuition proved so compelling to proponents of anarchist ideology, as interpreted by a key group of artists and activists affiliated with the London-based avant-garde movement known as Vorticism (1914-1918). As I demonstrate Bergson’s thought had special appeal among anarchists more generally because his process-oriented philosophy affirmed that movements’ ideological allegiance to notions of immediacy, affinity and prefigurative politics. Bergson’s philosophy enabled these radicals to reconceptualize ideology in terms of human psychology and social interactions, which in turn empowered the Vorticists’ to integrate art and aesthetics into their multivalent critique of the State. More broadly, this recasting of Bergson’s philosophy from an ideological perspective not only serves to distinguished the avant-gardes’ aesthetics from that of Bergson himself, it marks the crucial difference separating the era of the historical avant-garde from our own day, when Bergson’s thought no longer holds sway among contemporary political movements.
Identification of Intestinal Lamina Propria Plasma Cells by Surface Transmembrane Activator and CAML Interactor Expression
Authors: Pecha Bingjie , Martinez Stephanie , Milburn Luke J , Rojas Olga L , Koch Meghan A 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Plasma cells secrete an abundance of Abs and are a crucial component of our immune system. The intestinal lamina propria harbors the largest population of plasma cells, most of which produce IgA. These Abs can bind to beneficial gut bacteria to reinforce intestinal homeostasis and provide protection against enteric pathogens. Plasma cells downregulate many cell-surface proteins commonly used to identify B cells. In mice, expression of the surface marker CD138 has been widely used to identify plasma cells in lymph nodes, bone marrow, and spleen. Intestinal plasma cells require liberation via extensive tissue processing involving treatment with collagenase. We report that detection of CD138 surface expression is reduced following collagenase treatment. Using a mouse in which yellow fluorescent protein expression is controlled by the plasma cell requisite transcription factor Blimp-1, we show that surface detection of transmembrane activator and CAML interactor captures a significant proportion of Ab-secreting plasma cells in the intestinal lamina propria and gut-draining mesenteric lymph nodes. Additionally, we describe a flow cytometry panel based on the detection of surface markers to identify murine B cell subsets in the intestinal lamina propria and, as a proof of concept, combine it with a cutting-edge fate-tracking system to characterize the fate of germinal center B cells activated in early life. By identifying plasma cells and other key intestinal B subsets in a manner compatible with several downstream applications, including sorting and culturing and in vitro manipulations, this efficient and powerful approach can enhance studies of mucosal immunity.
TDO2-overexpressed Dendritic Cells Possess Tolerogenicity and Ameliorate Collagen-induced Arthritis by Modulating the Th17/Regulatory T Cell Balance
Authors: Jia Chengyan , Wang Yueye , Wang Yi , Cheng Meng , Dong Weibo , Wei Wei , Zhao Yingjie , Chang Yan 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Tolerogenic dendritic cells are promising for restoring immune homeostasis and may be an alternative therapy for autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis. The kynurenine pathway is a vital mechanism that induces tolerance in dendritic cells (DCs). Tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO2) is an important rate-limiting enzyme in the kynurenine pathway and participates in immune regulation. However, the role of TDO2 in shaping the tolerogenic phenotypes of DCs remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the effects and mechanisms of TDO2-overexpressed DCs in regulating the T cell balance both in vivo and in vitro. TDO2-overexpressed DC2.4 and TDO2−/− mouse bone marrow–derived DCs (BMDCs) were generated to verify the role of TDO2 in DC maturation and functionality. TDO2 overexpression in BMDCs via PGE2 treatment exhibited an immature phenotype and tolerogenic state, whereas TDO2−/− BMDCs exhibited a mature phenotype and a proinflammatory state. Furthermore, transplant of TDO2-overexpressed BMDCs alleviated collagen-induced arthritis severity in mice, which was correlated with a reduction in Th17 populations and an increase in regulatory T cells. Collectively, these results indicate that TDO2 plays an important role in the tolerogenic phenotype and may be a promising target for the generation tolerogenic DCs for rheumatoid arthritis treatment.
Liver-restricted Type I IFN Signature Precedes Liver Damage in Chronic Hepatitis B Patients Stopping Antiviral Therapy
Authors: Chua Conan , Mahamed Deeqa , Nkongolo Shirin , Sanchez Vasquez Juan Diego , Mehrotra Aman , Wong David K H , Chung Raymond T , Feld Jordan J , Janssen Harry L A , Gehring Adam J 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Immune-mediated liver damage is the driver of disease progression in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Liver damage is an Ag-independent process caused by bystander activation of CD8 T cells and NK cells. How bystander lymphocyte activation is initiated in chronic hepatitis B patients remains unclear. Periods of liver damage, called hepatic flares, occur unpredictably, making early events difficult to capture. To address this obstacle, we longitudinally sampled the liver of chronic hepatitis B patients stopping antiviral therapy and analyzed immune composition and activation using flow cytometry and single-cell RNA sequencing. At 4 wk after stopping therapy, HBV replication rebounded but no liver damage was detectable. There were no changes in cell frequencies at viral rebound. Single-cell RNA sequencing revealed upregulation of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) and proinflammatory cytokine migration inhibitory factor (MIF) at viral rebound in patients that go on to develop hepatic flares 6–18 wk after stopping therapy. The type I IFN signature was only detectable within the liver, and neither IFN-α/β or ISG induction could be detected in the peripheral blood. In vitro experiments confirmed the type I IFN-dependent ISG profile whereas MIF was induced primarily by IL-12. MIF exposure further amplified inflammatory cytokine production by myeloid cells. Our data show that innate immune activation is detectable in the liver before clinically significant liver damage is evident. The combination of type I IFN and enhanced cytokine production upon MIF exposure represent the earliest immunological triggers of lymphocyte bystander activation observed in hepatic flares associated with chronic HBV infection.
A Randomized Comparative Study of the Use of Individual Modality and Combination of Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) and Digital Single-Operator Cholangioscopy (DSOC) for Diagnosis of Indeterminate Biliary Strictures
Authors: Kumar Dheeraj , Dayal Vishwa M. , Jha Sanjeev K. , Jha Ashish K. , Kumar Ravi K. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background:
To determine the superiority of the combination of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) and digital single-operator cholangioscopy (DSOC) in the same sitting over the individual modality alone in patients with indeterminate biliary strictures.

Materials and Methods:
A randomized study enrolled 60 adult patients with biliary strictures who were randomized into two groups: ERCP + DSOC and ERCP/DSOC. Histopathologic or cytologic assessment was performed in terms of benign, indeterminate, or malignant nature of the strictures. Procedural adverse events were documented. Accuracy in terms of sensitivity (Sn), specificity (Sp), and predictive value [positive (PPV) and negative (NPV)] were noted.

Results:
As per final diagnosis, in ERCP/DSOC group, there were 12 (40%) benign cases and 18 (60%) malignant cases, and in group ERCP + DSOC, there were 8 (26.67%) benign cases and 22 (73.33%) malignant cases. ERCP/DSOC labeled 16 (53.33%) patients as benign, 8 (26.67%) as malignant, and 6 (20%) as indeterminate, while ERCP + DSOC labeled 8 (26.67%) as benign, 17 (56.67%) as malignant, and 5 (16.67%) as indeterminate. The Sn, Sp, PPV, and NPV of ERCP/DSOC were 44.4%, 75%, 100%, and 56.25%, and for ERCP + DSOC was 77.27%, 62.50%, 100%, and 62.5%, respectively (P = 0.033). Side effects were statistically similar in both the groups (P > 0.05).

Conclusion:
To conclude, the combination of ERCP with DSOC is safe and effective with higher diagnostic sensitivity (77.27%) in comparison to standard ERCP or DSOC alone (44.4%) for the diagnosis of biliary strictures.
Comparative Evaluation of Direct Laryngoscopy Versus GlideScope for the Purpose of Laryngoscopy Management and Intubation in Candidates of Cesarean Delivery with General Anesthesia
Authors: Honarmand Azim , Ebrahim Babaei Mahtab , Jafari Mohammad , Safavi Mohammad Reza 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background:
The present study aimed at comparing the hemodynamic responses to laryngoscopy and initiation of intubation with either direct or video-assisted laryngoscopy.

Materials and Methods:
This double-blind clinical trial was performed on 90 pregnant women candidates for cesarean section under general anesthesia. The participants were divided into two groups. In the first group, intubation was performed using direct Macintosh laryngoscope (MCL group). The second group underwent intubation using the GlideScope video laryngoscope (GSL group). Then, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), the percentage of the saturation of peripheral oxygen (SpO2), the time-to-intubation (TTI), and the number of intubation attempts were recorded.

Results:
SBP, DBP, and MAP in the MCL group were significantly higher than GSL group 1, 3, and 5 min after laryngoscopy (P < 0.05). HR in the MCL group with the mean of 118.44 ± 15.53 bpm was significantly higher than that the GSL group with the mean of 110.11 ± 16.68 bpm only 3 min after laryngoscopy (P = 0.016). The TTI in the MCL group was significantly longer than that of the GSL group (12.80 ± 1.86 vs. 10.15 ± 2.61; P = 0.001). The frequency of the first intubation attempt in the GSL group with 91.1% was significantly higher than that the MCL group with 84.4% (P = 0.003).

Conclusion:
It seems that the GSL technique is a better choice to conduct laryngoscopy with more success in intubation and a higher stability of the patients’ hemodynamic status.