bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A ranking methodology for assessing relative erosion risk and its application to dehesas and montados in Spain and Portugal
Authors: Shakesby R. A. , Coelho C. O. A. , Schnabel S. , Keizer J. J. , Clarke M. A. , Lavado Contador J. F. , Walsh R. P. D. , Ferreira A. J. D. , Doerr S. H. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe dehesas and montados of Spain and Portugal cover about 6 million ha and form open savannah‐type woodland comprising cork (Quercus suber) and holm (Q. rotundifolia and Q. ilex) oaks. Following their decline until the 1960s, these land management practices have become valued at national and international policy‐making levels for their biodiversity, aesthetic qualities and potential for tourism and recreation, but comparatively little attention has been given to consequences for soil conservation. In this paper, the soil erosion risks associated with these land uses are compared with those of selected alternative forestry and agroforestry land uses. Selected soil properties, results of rainfall simulation experiments and field observations of erosion features for (a) two montado and three dehesa sites differing in terms of grazing pressure and tree type, (b) six alternative forestry plantations of various ages and (c) an olive grove are ranked according to relative erosion risk. None of the dehesa or montado sites has an overall mean rank indicating an erosion risk as low as that in established forestry plantations (at least four–five years old). One (heavily grazed) dehesa has a relatively high overall mean rank indicating a relative erosion risk only slightly lower than that obtained for an erosion‐prone, newly ploughed and planted eucalyptus plantation. It is concluded that present day dehesa and montado variants can be prone to severe erosion if stocking rates and/or tillage frequency become excessive. The advantages and limitations of the ranking methodology used are discussed. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Angiogenesis three months after clinical transmyocardial laser revascularization using an excimer laser
Authors: van der Sloot Jos A.P. , Huikeshoven Menno , van der Wal Allard C. , Tukkie Raymond , van Gemert Martin J.C. , van der Meulen Jan , Beek Johan F. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveWe present for the first time histologic findings 3 months after clinical transmyocardial laser revascularization using a XeCl excimer laser.Study Design/Materials and MethodsHistology was performed on a patient who died from a noncardiac cause 3 months post‐excimer TMLR.ResultsIn the treated myocardium, no patent channels were found but scars were seen with a linear distribution and in continuity with circumscribed small fibrotic endocardial and epicardial scars. The scars were highly vascularized by new vessels, ranging from small capillaries to large thin walled, and sometimes branching ectatic vessels. Sprouting of vessels into the adjacent myocardium was also observed.ConclusionThese results suggest that angiogenesis might play a role in the clinical improvement after TMLR. Lasers Surg. Med. 29:369–373, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Get real!: Cultural relevance and resistance to the mediated feminine ideal
Authors: Duke Lisa 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAs part of a longitudinal study that examines early and late adolescent girls' interpretations of mainstream teen magazines, this research focuses on how the African American audience's interpretive frame enables them to critique and distance themselves from selected aspects of a consumption object with which they regularly engage. The results were drawn from in‐depth interviews with 16 African American girls, ages 13–18, who are regular readers of one of the top three teen titles: Seventeen, YM, or ‘Teen. In this article, consumption is conceptualized not only as purchase, but acceptance of and aspiration to the ideals employed by the beauty industry to sell goods and services, e.g., a thin body type, European‐American facial features, and a preference for a “made‐up” appearance. Conversely, anti‐consumption is rejection, subversion or negotiation of those same ideals, although such critical stances do not preclude voluntary, regular exposure to the texts conveying these ideals. The analysis illustrates the importance of cultural relevance in promoting consumers' aspiration to mediated ideals; in particular, the article explores African American consumers' criticism of Euro‐centric feminine ideals as not real. While White girls actively sought out the magazines' alternate, improved version of reality, African American girls compared the fictional work to their real world experience and not only denied the veracity of the ideal, but preferred their reality to it. As predicted by racial identity theory, most African American girls in this study, particularly older girls, did not defer to the magazines' authority in defining their conception of femininity, which instead was strongly influenced by culture and frequently defined in direct opposition to the mediated ideal. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Loss of critical palindromic transgene promoter sequence in chemically induced Tg.AC mouse skin papillomas expressing transgene‐derived mRNA†
Authors: Thompson Karol L. , Rosenzweig Barry A. , Honchel Ronald , Cannon Ronald E. , Blanchard Kerry T. , Stoll Raymond E. , Sistare Frank D. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe Tg.AC transgenic mouse carries a v‐Ha‐ras transgene. Skin papillomas develop in Tg.AC mice upon repeated dermal application of tumor promoters and carcinogens. The transgene is inserted at a single site on chromosome 11 in a multiple‐copy array. Although most of the ≥ 40 copies are arranged in a direct‐repeat orientation, two copies of the transgene are inserted in a palindromic, inverted‐repeat orientation. Deletion of the palindromic transgene promoter sequence is associated strongly with and diagnostic of loss of phenotypic responsiveness to Tg.AC papillomagens, such as 12‐O‐tetradecanoylphorbol‐13‐acetate (TPA). Unexpectedly, a loss of palindromic transgene sequence, in the absence of an observable reduction in copy number of the direct‐repeat‐oriented transgene sequence, is seen in DNA from papillomas when compared to genomic DNA from tail clips or skin samples away from the application site. Transgene‐derived transcripts were detectable in all Tg.AC papillomas sampled. The transgene locus was hypomethylated in papillomas but not in samples from tail clips from the same animal or from skin samples away from the application site in responder Tg.AC mice, as shown by loss of resistance to digestion by HpaII. A cell line derived from a Tg.AC squamous cell carcinoma showed complete loss of the palindromic transgene sequence, hypomethylation of the transgene locus, and strong expression of v‐Ha‐ras mRNA. These data indicate that the palindromic transgene sequence, which appears to be necessary for initial responsiveness to tumorigens, may be susceptible to deletion during rapid cellular proliferation and is not required for transgene expression in later phases of papilloma growth. Published 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ribozyme‐mediated downregulation of human metallothionein IIa induces apoptosis in human prostate and ovarian cancer cell lines
Authors: Tekur Seshadri , Ho Shuk‐Mei 
Published: August 2002

AbstractHuman metallothioneins (MTs) are low‐molecular‐weight, cysteine‐rich, metal ion–binding proteins that constitute the majority of intracellular protein thiols. They are overexpressed in prostate and ovarian cancers and are believed to confer resistance to radiation and cytotoxic anticancer drugs. The aim of this study was to investigate the roles of MTs in prostate and ovarian cancer cells and their possible relationship with other cancer development and progression factors. The main problem in investigating the role of MT, however, is the absence of any known specific inhibitor. To this end, in a previous study, we had developed sequence‐specific ribozymes (Rzs) targeting MT and had shown their in cellulo efficacy. Here we show that transient transfection of a vector carrying a hammerhead Rz (Rz4‐9), designed to cleave class II MT, in the human prostate cancer cell line PC‐3 and the ovarian cancer cell line SKOV‐3 resulted in a dose‐dependent attenuation of MT‐IIa transcripts and dramatic cell loss. Transient transfection with 2 μg of Rz4‐9 vector DNA completely abolished MT‐IIa mRNA levels and induced a 94% and a 67% reduction in cell number in PC‐3 cells and SKOV‐3 cells, respectively. Fluorescence‐activated cell sorting (FACS) showed that the Rz‐induced cell loss probably was due to apoptosis, because it was associated with marked increases in the hypodiploid cell population, reaching maximums of 52% and 64% in cultures of PC‐3 and SKOV‐3, respectively. Additionally, annexin V–propidium iodide double‐staining, followed by FACS, confirmed that Rz4‐9‐induced cell death was due to apoptosis and showed a vector DNA–dependent increase in late apoptotic cell numbers that reached maximums of 80% and 42%, respectively, in PC‐3 and SKOV‐3 cell cultures transfected with the highest concentration of vector DNA. In parallel experiments, transfection with a vector containing the enzymatically inactive mutant Rz‐3‐3 or the empty vector was not effective in inducing similar responses. The Rz‐induced loss of MT‐IIa mRNA–associated cell death in these cancer cell lines was attended by dose‐dependent downregulation of the proto‐oncogene c‐myc and the apoptosis inhibitory mediator bcl‐2, suggesting that these signaling pathways are involved in the process. In conclusion, our data indicate that MT‐IIa is an important cell‐survival or anti‐apoptotic factor for prostate and ovarian cancer cells and that downregulation of its expression via transgene expression of a sequence‐specific Rz is a feasible target for cancer therapy. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Overexpression of a constitutively active form of c‐src in skin epidermis increases sensitivity to tumor promotion by 12‐O‐tetradecanoylphorbol‐13‐acetate
Authors: Matsumoto Takashi , Jiang Jianghong , Kiguchi Kaoru , Carbajal Steve , Rho Okkyung , Gimenez‐Conti Irma , Beltrán Linda , DiGiovanni John 
Published: August 2002

AbstractTransgenic mice were developed to study the role of c‐src in epithelial tumorigenesis through targeted expression of a constitutively active form of murine c‐src (src529). Src529 was targeted to the interfollicular epidermis with the human keratin 1 (HK1) promoter. The skin phenotype of these mice was characterized by exaggerated epidermal hyperplasia and hyperkeratosis within the first week after birth. The severity of this phenotype correlated with overall src kinase activity, both of which subsided with age. Treatment of adult HK1.src529 transgenic mice with the phorbol ester tumor promoter 12‐O‐tetradecanoylphorbol‐13‐acetate resulted in an increase in epidermal hyperplasia and labeling index significantly greater than that seen in nontransgenic littermates. In addition, HK1.src529 transgenic mice developed papillomas earlier and in significantly greater numbers compared with nontransgenic littermates in a standard initiation‐promotion experiment. The data support the hypothesis that activation of c‐src kinase plays a role in skin tumor promotion. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparison of Ha‐ras mutational spectra of N‐methyldibenzo[c,g]carbazole and 7H‐dibenzo[c,g]carbazole–induced mouse skin tumors
Authors: Mitchell Kent R. , Warshawsky David 
Published: August 2002

AbstractCarcinogenic N‐heterocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are formed during the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels as well as cigarette smoke. N‐Methyldibenzo[c,g]carbazole (NMeDBC) and 7H‐dibenzo[c,g]carbazole (DBC) are members of this group. DBC induces mouse skin and liver tumors, whereas NMeDBC induces only mouse skin tumors. The objective of this study was to elucidate the mechanism of action of these compounds in skin by assessing the Ha‐ras mutational spectra induced by a two‐stage initiation‐promotion protocol. NMeDBC (200 nmol) or DBC (200 nmol) was applied to the back skin of 24 female Hsd:ICR(Br) mice (12 per group) once. 12‐O‐tetradecanoylphorbol‐13‐acetate (TPA) (2 μg) was then applied twice weekly for 28 wk. Tumors were screened for Ha‐ras mutations using enriched polymerase chain reaction and mutations defined by dideoxy sequencing. In DBC animals 58% produced papillomas, of which 71% had codon 61 mutations, 4% had codon 12 mutations, 4% had codon 13 mutations, and 21% had no Ha‐ras mutations. In NMeDBC animals 92% produced papillomas, of which 73% had codon 61 mutations and 27% had no Ha‐ras mutations. All of the codon 61 mutations, from both NMeDBC and DBC, were CAA→CTA transversions. The DBC‐induced tumors with the codon 12 mutation had a GGA→GAA transition, and the codon 13 mutation was a GGC→GTC transversion. These results suggest that NMeDBC is a more potent tumor inducer than DBC, but the resulting H‐ras mutations in each group were predominantly in codon 61, and, therefore, mutation induction in skin by each chemical appears to proceed by a similar mechanism. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Assessing risky public investments with MUSTARD
Authors: Scannella Giuseppe , Beuthe Michel 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis paper presents a practical implementation of multicriteria methodologies based on the UTA model by Jacquet‐Lagrèze and Siskos and Quasi‐UTA model by Beuthe and Scannella, which are specified with a non‐linear, but piecewise linear, additive utility function. In contrast with the general UTA model, the Quasi‐UTA specification structures the partial utilities as recursive exponential functions of only one curvature parameter. This allows for a reduction of the quantity of information necessary to build the utility function.The software MUSTARD implements different variants of these models. Firstly, it offers the basic deterministic UTA model of disaggregation, but also its first programmed stochastic version. In both cases, the software proceeds stepwise and interactively helping the decision maker to formulate the problem and state preferences between projects; in the stochastic case, the decision maker is even helped to build the criteria distributions. The Quasi‐UTA specification can be introduced in this disaggregation model. Secondly, the software offers an aggregation model whereby the Quasi‐UTA partial utility functions are built separately through specific questioning processes. The questions relating to deterministic criteria are of the ‘direct rating type’, while those of the stochastic criteria are either of the ‘variable probability’ or the ‘variable outcome’ type. The criteria weights can be assessed by the ‘swing weight’ method or by a UTA‐II side‐program. As an example as well as a test of the Quasi‐UTA aggregation approach, the paper presents its application to a real problem of selecting road investment projects in Belgium. Several experts and civil servants were interviewed, and their individual utility functions derived. The projects are ranked according to their rate of return, which is computed on the basis of the projects certain equivalent money value. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Simple gradient system For capillary electrochromatography
Authors: Medina Juan Carlos , Alonso M. Carmen , Barcelo Damia , Lee Milton L. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA new gradient system for CEC was designed and adapted to a home‐built CEC system. Chromatographic separations are initiated with a predetermined mobile phase composition and, after a desired time period, a syringe pump delivers pure organic solvent at a preset flow rate into a 2 mL vial used as the inlet buffer reservoir. Mixing is achieved by the use of a microstir bar in the buffer reservoir, which in turn is driven by an air‐actuated stir plate. In this way, a convex‐shaped gradient is generated, and the mobile phase is introduced into the separation column by electro‐osmotic flow. Use of this system significantly reduced analysis time while still retaining acceptable reproducibility. Nonaqueous CEC was used for isocratic and gradient separation (<3.5% RSD in retention times). Demonstrated applications include the analysis of triglycerides in different vegetable oil samples. This system is expected to be well suited for generating other types of gradients, such as pH and ionic strength gradients, in electroseparation techniques. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Micro Sep 13: 351–360, 2001
Optimization and validation by SPE‐CGC‐MSD of the analysis of tributyltin in environmental samples
Authors: Nogueira J. M. F. , Teixeira P. , Florêncio M. H. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe optimization by SPE‐CGC‐MSD methodology of the analysis of tributyltin in environmental samples is presented. Fifteen assays with certified reference material for sediment matrices (54±15 ng/g), as well as with in‐house standards for aqueous matrices (50 ng), were performed using solid phase extraction for tributyltin speciation, which was shown to be easy, solventless, and fast. The solid phase extraction tube was preconditioned with ethyl acetate to remove possible impurities, conditioned with methanol, water, and HCl 5% and after tributyltin extraction, washed again with HCl 5% and water, and finally eluted with ethyl acetate. Subsequently the samples were derivatized with methyl magnesium bromide in a diethylether solution, concentrated, injected in the splitless mode, separated by capillary gas chromatography, and detected by mass spectrometry in the selected ion‐monitoring mode. The results obtained showed a value of 50±18 ng/g for tributyltin in the sediment matrices assays which, according to European Co‐operation for Accreditation of Laboratories guidance for interlaboratory comparisons, led to a deviation normalized lower than 0.2, showing that the SPE‐CGC‐MSD methodology is validated for TBT speciation in sediment samples, due to the high accuracy reached. For the in‐house standard aqueous matrices assays, a value of 44±21 ng gave recoveries higher than 85%, showing that this methodology is also validated, due to the substantial accuracy for tributyltin speciation in aqueous samples. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Micro Sep 13: 48–53, 2001
Chiral selective separation of tocainide by capillary electrophoresis using various cyclodextrin derivatives
Authors: Juvancz Zoltán , Markides Karin E. , Jicsinszky László , Iványi Róbert 
Published: August 2002

AbstractChiral separation of tocainide, an antiarrythmic agent, was solved using the capillary electrophoresis method. Fifteen types of cyclodextrins were tried as chiral selective buffer additives, and baseline separation was achieved with five of them. The variables that were studied comprise, type and concentration of the chiral selectors, pH of the buffers, and the organic modifiers. The best resolution, an Rs value of 5.2, was achieved using 7.5 mM γ‐cyclodextrin phosphate at pH 6.8. Migration reversal of enantiomers was observed when changing the type of cyclodextrins. Not only the tocainide but also its by‐product were enantiomericaly separated. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Micro Sep 13: 62–68, 2001
Separation of pyridazinone derivatives using pressurized gradient capillary electrochromatography
Authors: Jiang Zhengjin , Gao Ruyu , Zhou Yibo , Zhang Zhichao , Wang Qinsun , Yan Chao 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA pressurized, gradient capillary electrochromatography (pCEC) instrument has been designed and built. This versatile instrument can be operated in three separation modes, namely, pCEC, micro high performance liquid chromatography (μHPLC) and capillary electrophoresis (CE). In pCEC mode, both an electric field and a pressure can be applied across a packed capillary column, allowing fine tuning of the selectivity without changing the composition of the mobile phase. This technique also facilitates the use of gradient elution, making it more powerful for separation of complex mixtures. The technique was evaluated and compared with μHPLC by separating a mixture of organic acids and neutral pyridazinone derivatives. Experiments in pCEC were carried out with a fused‐silica capillary column packed with 3‐μm octadecyl silica (ODS) particles. A separation with baseline resolution was achieved for ten pyridazinone derivatives at optimum conditions. Compared with the separation results by μHPLC method, pCEC is more powerful than μHPLC for the separation of both neutral and charged compounds. The influence of the supplementary pressure, the flow rate of pumps and applied voltage on the separation was also investigated. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Micro Sep 13: 191–196, 2001
Estimating deferred taxation on dividends in business groups
Authors: Brioschi Francesco , Giudici Giancarlo , Paleari Stefano 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn a group of companies corporate income taxation is levied on basic earnings and then on dividends paid to holding companies. The entity of this taxation depends on the tax regime, so that income may be taxed twice, first in the hands of the subsidiaries, then in the next years in the hands of holding companies. Therefore, consolidated profits may not be wholly paid to shareholders (who are the ultimate owners) and deferred taxes have to be computed in order to determine the true profitability of a group of companies. Using input–output theory, we developed a framework to estimate deferred taxation on dividends in business groups. Such relationships can be particularly useful when cross‐shareholdings exist to determine deferred liabilities under several accounting standards. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The tau A0 allele in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Golbe Lawrence I. , Lazzarini Alice M. , Spychala John R. , Johnson William G. , Stenroos Edward S. , Mark Margery H. , Sage Jacob I. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractParkinson's disease (PD) is primarily an α‐synucle‐ inopathy, rather than a tauopathy, but there is evidence for an indirect association of tau with the pathogenetic process in PD. We therefore assessed the frequency in PD of the tau A0 allele, a dinucleotide repeat marker that has been associated with a sporadic tauopathy, progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP). We found the A0 allele to comprise 79.2% of 758 alleles from PD patients and 71.2% of 264 control alleles (P = 0.008). We also performed a meta‐analysis of three previous reports, two of which failed to produce statistically significant results. Taken together, they also support a PD/A0 allelic association, even after correction for misdiagnosis of PSP as PD (P< 0.001). The A0/A0 genotype frequency in our patients (62.3%) did not differ significantly from that in controls (53.0%, P = 0.062), but the meta‐analysis, even after correction for misdiagnosis, showed a significant result, with P = 0.002. The frequency of A0 allele and the A0/A0 genotype were compatible with Hardy‐Weinberg equilibrium. The frequency of the A0 allele and the A0/A0 genotype in our patients with familial PD was not significantly greater than in those with sporadic PD. We conclude that the tau protein may play a small role in the pathogenesis of PD and that biochemical characterization of this role may suggest opportunities for PD prophylaxis. © 2001 Movement Disorder Society.