bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MAFA-Net: Multimodal Attribute Feature Attention Network for visual question answering
Authors: Tang Mingwei , Ran Chaochong , Zong Liansong , Hu Jie , Li Linxi 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Visual Question Answering (VQA) is a hot topic task to answer natural language questions related to the content of visual images. In most VQA models, visual appearance and attribute features are ignored, resulting in complex questions without correct answers.To solve these problems, we propose a new end-to-end VQA model called Multi-modal Attribute Feature Attention Network (MAFA-Net).Firstly, the self-guided word attention modulus is designed to connect entity words with semantic words. Secondly, two problematic adaptive visual attention modules are presented not only to extract important regional features, but also to focus on key attribute features (e.g., color, spatial relationships, etc.). Additionally, a combining strategy is proposed to better explore spatial relationships between objects and their appearance properties. Finally, the experimental results show that MAFA-Net achieves performance competitive with state-of-the-art models on two large-scale VQA datasets.
Food and nutrition knowledge, attitudes and practices among urban and peri-urban public primary school canteens children in southern Benin: a case study
Authors: Bello Faïck Moctar Yanausse , KOUKOU Elie , BODJRENOU Sam , TERMOTE Céline , AZOKPOTA Paulin , HOUNKPATIN Waliou AMOUSSA 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background: Food and nutrition notion among schoolchildren in Benin is still less documented. Few studies have looked into the determinants of food and nutrition among schoolchildren while other have attempted to link knowledge, attitude and practices to diet. The present study aims to evaluate food and nutrition knowledge, attitude and practices among schoolchildren enrolled in public primary schools canteens in Cotonou and surroundings.
Methods: A diagnostic study was conducted in twelve public primary schools canteens. A structured interview questionnaire was used to collect data from 861 schoolchildren aged 7 to 14 years. Three scores were used to assess the level of knowledge, attitude and practice. The overall score was the total of correct responses. The maximum score for all the 3 parameters was 15, 6 and 4 respectively for knowledge, attitude and practices. Data were analyzed using STATA 16. Logistic regression was performed to identify relationship between food and nutrition practices and knowledge and attitude. Pearson goodness of fit test was performed to verify the adequacy of the model. A P-value of less than 0.05 (P<0.05) was considered significant at 95% confidence interval.
Results: schoolchildren’s nutrition knowledge was low (mean score 2.52 ± 1.33) while attitude and practices were acceptable (mean score 4.08 ± 1.39 and 2.84 ± 0.77). Only 18.2% of schoolchildren knew the different food groups and 3.4% knew that they should eat at least 5 fruits and vegetables a day. Most of the schoolchildren (93.6%) were favorable to eat at least 5 fruits and vegetables and 86.8% were willing to eat more than 3 times a day. Among all practices, snacking between meals and eating breakfast were poorly observed by the schoolchildren.
Nutrition knowledge was associated with practices observed among schoolchildren but not with attitudes. However, a significant positive association was observed (p<0.05) between attitudes and practices.
Conclusion: Knowledge on food and nutrition among schoolchildren from public primary school with canteen was low. This study suggests implementation of nutritional education to improve schoolchildren knowledge and attitudes for healthy diets and nutrition.
Feasibility of Oropharyngeal pH-metry in diagnosing LPR – A single centre experience
Authors: Rahim Norazila Abdul , Hamzah Syarifah Nafisah Syed , Remacle Marc 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Purpose: Laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) is commonly diagnosed based on symptoms, nonspecific clinical findings, or positive response to empirical treatment. This single centre data highlights the role of Oropharyngeal pH-metry (Restech®) in diagnosing LPR and its practicality as an alternative to Hypopharyngeal-esophageal multichannel intraluminal impedance-pH monitoring (HEMII-pH).
Methods: A retrospective data of patients who underwent Oropharyngeal pH-metry (Restech®) at Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Center Hospitalier de Luxembourg Eich, Luxembourg from January 2022 until November 2022. 66 patients with probable LPR symptoms with suggestive flexible scope findings were included in the study.
Results: 66 patients consist of 29 male and 37 female patients (43.94%, 56.06% respectively). The median age is 51.5 ranges from 16 to 87 years old. A positive RYAN score demonstrated in 38 (57.57%) patients while negative RYAN score demonstrated in 28 (42.42%) patients. Furthermore, 24(36.36%) patients showed severe LPR, 28(42.42%) moderate and 12(18.18%) mild, 1(1.52%) no LPR and 1(1.52%) neutral LPR. Throat discomfort and irritative cough were the main symptoms reported by the patients. Proton pump inhibitor such as Pantoprazole and Esomeprazole were the common medications given to treat LPR. The dose given is either 20mg twice daily or 40mg twice daily depending on the severity of the LPR.
Conclusion: Oropharyngeal pH-metry (Restech®) is a feasible tool as an alternative to HEMII-pH in evaluating LPR.
Outcomes of patients with COVID-19 and coronary artery disease and heart failure: findings from The Philippine CORONA Study
Authors: Espiritu Adrian , Pilapil John Christopher , Aherrera Jaime Alfonso , Sy Marie Charmaine , Anlacan Veeda Michelle , Jamora Roland Dominic 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) who likewise have coronary artery disease (CAD) or heart failure (HF) are more likely to have poor functional and overall outcomes. Experience and emerging data across various centers and countries has shown that CAD/HF is associated with increased risk for severe or critical disease, mortality, cardiovascular death, respiratory failure, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and prolonged hospitalization. This study aimed to determine the characteristics and outcomes of COVID-19 patients with CAD/HF across various institutions in the Philippines.
Methods
We performed a subgroup analysis comparing the clinicodemographic characteristics and outcomes of admitted COVID-19 patients with CAD/HF (n = 512) versus those without CAD/HF (n = 10,369). The data was based on the Philippine CORONA study – a nationwide, comparative, retrospective, cohort study among adult, hospitalized COVID-19 patients involving 37 hospital sites across the Philippines. Distribution differences between two independent samples was determined using the Student’s t test for normally distributed data and Mann-Whitney U test for non-normally distributed data. The associations between CAD/HF and COVID severity, all-cause, cardiac, and non-cardiac mortality, respiratory failure, neurologic outcomes, and length of ICU and hospital stay were determined by binary logistic regression. Multivariate regression analysis was done to adjust for particular confounders. Odds ratios (OR) and Kaplan-Meier curves were generated.
Results
We included a total of 10,881 patients with COVID-19 infection, 512 of whom had diagnosed CAD/HF and 10,369 were without CAD/HF. The CAD/HF cohort had an older median age of 61 year and was predominantly male. Estimated association of the presence of CAD/HF with relevant outcomes revealed that CAD/HF was significantly associated with COVID severity (OR 2.89, 95% CI 2.41–347, p < 0.001), all-cause mortality (OR 2.43, 95% CI 1.99–2.95, p < 0.001), death from cardiac causes (OR 2.61, 95% CI 1.79–3.81, p < 0.001), respiratory failure (OR 3.06, 95% CI 2.52–3.71, p < 0.001), and prolonged hospitalization (OR 1.43, 95% CI 1.19–1.7, p < 0.001). Even after adjusting for other confounders (age, sex, smoking history, comorbidities, and therapeutics received), the presence of CAD/HF was still associated with death from a cardiac cause (OR 2.22, 95% CI 1.49–3.3, p < 0.01).
Conclusions
Among COVID-19 patients, the presence of CAD or HF was significantly associated with severity of COVID disease, all-cause mortality, death from cardiac causes, respiratory failure, and prolonged hospitalization.
Habitat complexity mediates the impacts of human land-use on stream biodiversity
Authors: Moi Dieison , Kaufmann Philip , Riato Luisa , Romero Gustavo , Kratina Pavel , de Mello Franco Teixeira , Hughes Robert 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Urban and cropland intensifications are persistent drivers of declines in biodiversity globally. Yet, it is poorly understood how habitat complexity can mitigate the negative impacts of such human pressures. Using a comprehensive dataset of 4093 streams across the conterminous USA, we demonstrate that high-habitat complexity sites harbor higher insect richness and density, but lower fish richness and density, than low-habitat complexity sites. Higher habitat complexity sites support 17% and 18% more fish and insect uniqueness, respectively. Urban and cropland intensifications lead to reductions in fish and insect richness and density in more complex habitats. Regardless of habitat complexity, urban and cropland intensifications have reduced insect uniqueness. These findings illustrate that despite promoting greater insect diversity and greater fish and insect uniqueness, high-habitat complexity cannot effectively buffer biodiversity against human land-use intensification. Our findings underscore that preserving freshwater biodiversity requires maintaining habitat complexity and more sustainable urban and agricultural activities.
Prevalence and influencing factors of sleep insufficiency among preschool children in Urumqi city: a cross-sectional survey
Authors: Gao Yongwei , Aizetiguli Maiming , Shan Surong , Zhu Zhaoxuan , Zhang Jing , xu peiru 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background: Healthy sleep requires adequate sufficiency, Sleep insufciency has become an increasingly prevalent and under-recognized public health problem. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of sleep insufficiency and its risk factors among preschool children in Urumqi city.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with stratified random cluster sampling. Children aged 3–6 years old in one kindergarten randomly selected from each of the 8 districts of Urumqi from March to July 2022, and their parents were surveyed with a sleep time questionnaire.
Results: The prevalence of sleep insufficiency among preschool children in Urumqi was 23.5% (314/1336), and was significantly different among different ethnicities and age groups, was higher in older age groups and was the highest in Uyghur ethnic chlidren, followed by Hui, Han, Kazakh, and the other ethnic children. Outdoor activity less than one hour per day (OR=3.628;95%CI 2.338-5.63), a noisy living room (OR=2.325;95%CI 1.469-3.681), a low total annual household income(OR=1.776;95%CI 1.074-2.937), a high body mass index(OR=1.064;95%CI 1.021-1.108), and the use of electronic products over one hour per day(OR=0.593;95%CI 0.373-0.942) were assocaited with a higher risk of sleep insufficiency.
Conclusion: The prevalence of sleep insufficiency among preschool children in Urumqi was 23.5%, was higher than the national and global averages, and was more prevalent among older children, differs among different ethnic groups. Many factors associated with the prevalence of sleep insufficiency in preschool children, and an increase in time spent outdoors, reduced time spent on electronic devices, and controlling body weight are likely to reduce the risk of sleep insufficiency. The findings indicate that sleep insufficiency is an important public health problem in Urumqi.
A novel enrofloxacin-degrading fungus, Humicola sp. KC0924g, isolated from the rhizosphere sediment of the submerged macrophyte Vallisneria spiralis L.
Authors: Chen Xueting , Zhang Yuping , Liu Jinghua 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Herein, a novel enrofloxacin-degrading fungus was isolated from a rhizosphere sediment of the submerged macrophyte Vallisneria spiralis L.. The isolate, designated KC0924g, was identified as a member of the genus Humicola based on morphological characteristics and tandem conserved sequences analysis. The optimal temperature and pH for enrofloxacin degradation by strain KC0924g was 28°C and 9.0, respectively. Under such condition, 98.2% of enrofloxacin with initial concentration being 1 mg L-1 was degraded after 72 h of incubation, with nine possible degradation products identified. Accordingly, four different metabolic pathways were proposed, which were initiated by cleavage of the piperazine moiety, hydroxylation of the aromatic ring, oxidative decarboxylation, or defluorination. In addition to enrofloxacin, strain KC0924g also degraded other fluoroquinolone antibiotics (ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, and ofloxacin), malachite green (an illegal addition in aquaculture) and leucomalachite green. Pretreatment of cells of strain KC0924g with Cu2+ accelerated ENR degradation. Moreover, it was speculated that one flavin-dependent monooxygenase and/or one laccase involved in ENR degradation based on the increased transcriptional levels of these two genes after Cu2+ induction. This work enriches strain resources for enrofloxacin remediation and, more importantly, would facilitate studies on the molecular mechanism of ENR degradation with degradation-related transcriptome available.
A bacterial formulation based on two exopolysaccharide-producing rhizobacteria from Dongxiang wild rice (Oryza rufipogon Griff.) confers drought tolerance in cultivated rice Dongdao-4 (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: López Janice Álvarez , Expósito César Danilo Valle , Jia Fang , Yao Zongmu , Jin Xiaoxue , Gómez Yunior Miguel Morán , Zhang Jianfeng 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Objectives.
The present study aims to isolate exopolysaccharide-producing bacterial strains from the rhizosphere of Dongxiang wild rice (Oryza rufipogon Griff.); elaborate a bacterial formulation, and quantify its effect on the defense against stress in cultivated rice seedlings under drought.
Methods.
Dongxiang wild rice rhizospheric soil was used to isolate exopolysaccharide-producing bacteria; and bacteria isolates were identified, at the taxonomic level of genus, following polyphasic methods. A bacterial formulation was made; and the enzymatic activity and the malondialdehyde content were quantified; in addition to measuring morphological indicators of growth in cultivated rice Dongdao-4 (Oryza sativa L.) seedlings under drought stress.
Results.
The inoculation of cultivated rice with the bacterial formulation made from two selected isolates had positive impacts on growth parameters and the antioxidant defense under drought, significantly surpassing the effect of the commercial products PB (Biofertilizer P) and EM (Efficient Microorganisms). Even the shoot length of the inoculated plants under drought does not differ significantly from control plants under normal water conditions; while the root dry weight was significantly higher. The enzymatic activity of the inoculated plants significantly exceeds the other treatments in drought; and the malondialdehyde content was the lowest of the treatments. The exopolysaccharides-producing bacterial strains mitigate the adverse effects of drought stress; and the bacterial formulation improve relevant parameters of the plants under drought, and can be used as a potential inoculant in arid zones.
Conclusions.
This study demonstrates the efficacy of exopolysaccharide-producing Dongxiang wild rice rhizobacteria in improving drought tolerance and consequently enhancing plant growth.
Antioxidant-Rich Diets Associated with Reduced Mortality Risks： Findings from NHANES Cohort
Authors: Li Yuguang , Chen Xinqiao , Li Qiguang , Wang Yao , Zhao Yixin , Zhang Rong , Shi Hanping , Liu Xiangliang , Cui Jiuwei , Li Wei 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackground The composite dietary antioxidant index (CDAI) reflects an individual's dietary intake of antioxidants. This study aimed to investigate the association between CDAI and mortality outcomes. Methods Data from 18,046 adults aged 18–80 years were analyzed from the US NHANES 2011–2018. CDAI was calculated from dietary vitamins A, C, E and minerals selenium, magnesium and zinc. All-cause and cancer mortality were ascertained through 2019. Cox models evaluated CDAI-mortality associations. Results Increasing CDAI quartiles were associated with decreasing all-cause mortality risk (high vs low Q4 vs Q1 HR 0.699, 95% CI 0.579–0.844, p < 0.001). A similar trend was observed for cancer mortality (Q4 vs Q1 HR 0.727, 95% CI 0.507–1.044, p = 0.084). Stronger associations were found in males. Conclusions Higher CDAI, reflecting greater dietary antioxidant intake, was associated with lower all-cause and cancer mortality. CDAI may be a useful tool for assessing antioxidant status and health outcomes. Further research is warranted on potential gender differences.
Magnetic topology corrugation induced by turbulence-driven fine structure current and its profound effect on heat transport in tokamak plasmas
Authors: Chen Xiang , Lu Zhixin , Cai Huishan , Chen Yang , Zou Xiaolan , Li Ding 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Plasma current control and energy confinement improvement are critical issues in the magnetic fusion research. In this work, the threshold of the fine structure generation and the direction reversal in the drift instability-driven current are identified in tokamak plasmas for the first time based on gyrokinetic simulations. The fine structure current is driven by the ion temperature gradient (ITG) mode, the collisionless trapped electron mode (CTEM), and the electron temperature gradient (ETG) mode. The fundamental properties related to the magnitude and the direction of the fine-scale current are revealed. The fine structure current changes the magnetic topology, modifies the characteristic of turbulence, and reduces the electron heat transport (by 23%) significantly. It is beneficial to the formation of transport barriers near the rational surface. The in-depth knowledge of the turbulence-driven fine structure current provides guidelines in experiments for the control of the current structures and instabilities.
Evaluation of the association between patent ductus arteriosus approach and neurodevelopment in extremely preterm infants
Authors: Altit Gabriel , Soledad Belén , Saeed Sahar , Gorgos Andreea , Beltempo Marc , Basso Olga , Luu Thuy Mai , Lapointe Anie , Tremblay Sophie 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Objective
Assess if unit-level PDA management correlates with neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI) at 18–24 months corrected gestational age (cGA) in extremely preterm infants.
Study design:
Retrospective analysis of infants born at < 29 weeks (2014–2017) across two units having distinct PDA strategies. Site 1 utilized an echocardiography-based treatment strategy aiming accelerated closure (control). Site 2 followed a conservative approach. Primary endpoint: NDI, characterized by cerebral palsy, any Bayley-III composite score < 85, sensorineural/mixed hearing loss, or at least unilateral visual impairment.
Results
377 infants were evaluated. PDA treatment rates remained unchanged in Site 1 but eventually reached 0% in Site 2. Comparable rates of any/significant NDI were seen across both sites (any NDI: 38% vs 36%; significant NDI: 13% vs 10% for Site 1 and 2, respectively). After adjustments, NDI rates remained similar.
Conclusion
PDA management strategies in extremely preterm newborns showed no significant impact on neurodevelopment outcomes at 18–24 months cGA.
WITHDRAWN: The influence of Social Capital on Psychosexual Health of adolescents in China - the mediating role of Psychological Capital and Self-efficacy
Authors: Luo Ji , Muhamad Haslina , Tang Dandan , Zeng Ni , Tao Rui , Li Jin Qiu 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Adolescents experience rapid physical and bodily development during adolescence, which also brings about psychological development, especially the development of secondary sexual characteristics, which brings about psychosexual development and many psychological conflicts.The study integrates research on the individual level (positive capital and self-efficacy) and the environmental level (social capital) influences on adolescent psychosexual health, and investigated the mediating role of psychological capital and self-efficacy as a mediator in the relationships between Social Capital and Psychosexual Health in China.
Methods
In the context of a cross-sectional descriptive study, our research undertook an examination of the educational context in China, specifically focusing on middle and high school programs. The study involved the participation of 7910 students, ranging in age from 12 to 19 years. Of this cohort, 3947 individuals were identified as female, representing 49.9% of the total sample, while the remaining 3963 were male, accounting for the remaining 50.1%.This research used a social capital questionnaire, a psychological capital scale, a self-efficacy scale and a psychosexual health questionnaire. Subsequently, we conducted an analysis of the collected data utilizing SPSS and AMOS, employing a range of analytical techniques including descriptive tests, Pearson correlation, and structural equation modeling.
Results
It was found that social capital, psychological capital, and self-efficacy have a positive influence on adolescents' psychosexual health; psychological capital, and self-efficacy have a mediating role in the development of social capital and adolescents' psychosexual health.
Conclusion
The study underscored the significant positive impact of social capital, psychological capital, and self-efficacy on the psychosexual health of adolescents. This comprehensive exploration enhances our understanding of the multifaceted dynamics shaping adolescent psychosexual development, shedding light on the importance of both individual and environmental factors in promoting their well-being during this critical phase of life.
Personal exposure to polyaromatic hydrocarbon and inhalation risk assessment among asphalt hot mixed plant and road paving workers
Authors: Ravichandran B , Sen Somnath , Dhananjayan V , Narayana J 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Workers exposed to heated asphalt at paving and hot mixed plant jobs may experience fumes and vapours containing hazardous chemicals, including polycyclic aromatic compounds (PAHs), causing respiratory irritation, carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk. The study estimated inhalation exposure to PAHs among asphalt workers in hot mixing plants and road paving areas using XAD-2 sorbent tubes and PTFE filter paper. A total ninety-one personal air samples (paving 37 and plant 54) were collected from the worker’s breathing zone. Results were analysed using HPLC, following the NIOSH-5506 method. It was found that the total PAHs (TPAHs) concentration range (composed vapour and particulate phases) was between 0.02-184.71 µg/m3 (mean 21.07 ± 37.36 µg/m3) and the concentration of TPAHs among road paving workers was significantly higher (p 0.05) than the hot mix asphalt plant workers. Among the individual PAHs compound, the mean concentration of Benzo[ghi]perylene (BghiP) was 7.15 ± 17.05 µg/m3 and it was the highest observation value, followed by Benzo[α]Pyrene (BaP) with a mean concentration 3.28 ± 8.46µg/m3, and the exposure level of BghiP and BaP among the paving workers was significantly (p 0.05) higher compared with the plant workers. Health risk assessment suggested increased chances of developing cancer (3.44 x10− 09 to 3.47 x10− 04) in the study area, whereas non-cancer hazard quotients and indexes had values of BaP was 8.095x1002, which implied that these contaminants have adverse effects on health. The results of our study demonstrate that the asphalt workers are exposed to PAHs and their derivatives constantly at their work sites, and since PAHs are considered non-threshold carcinogens, our observed levels may still be harmful.