bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Groundwater for People and the Environment: A Globally Threatened Resource
Authors: Loaiciga Hugo A. , Doh Ryan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe intensity of global groundwater use rose from 124 m3 per capita in 1950 to 152 m3 in 2021, for a 22.6% rise in the annual per capita use. This rise in global per capita water use reflects rising consumption patterns. The global use of groundwater, which provides between 21% and 30% of the total freshwater annual consumption, will continue to expand due to the sustained population growth projected through most of the 21st century and the important role that groundwater plays in the water‐food‐energy nexus. The rise in groundwater use, on the other hand, has inflicted adverse impacts in many aquifers, such as land subsidence, sea water intrusion, stream depletion, and deterioration of groundwater‐dependent ecosystems, groundwater‐quality degradation, and aridification. This paper projects global groundwater use between 2025 and 2050. The projected global annual groundwater withdrawal in 2050 is 1535 km3 (1 km3 = 109 m3 = 810,713 acre‐feet). The projected global groundwater depletion, that is, the excess of withdrawal over recharge, in 2050 equals 887 km3, which is about 61% larger than in 2021. This projection signals probable exacerbation of adverse groundwater‐withdrawal impacts, which are worsened by climatic trends and the environmental requirement of groundwater flow unless concerted national and international efforts achieve groundwater sustainability.
Pan‐TRK immunohistochemistry in gynaecological mesenchymal tumours: diagnostic implications and pitfalls
Authors: Moura Madalena Souto , Costa João , Velasco Valérie , Kommoss Felix , Oliva Esther , Le Loarer Francois , McCluggage W Glenn , Razack Rubina , Treilleux Isabelle , Mills Anne , Longacre Teri , Devouassoux‐Shisheboran Mojgan , Hostein Isabelle , Azmani Rihab , Blanchard Larry , Hartog Cécile , Soubeyran Isabelle , Khalifa Emmanuel , Croce Sabrina 
Published: November 2023

AimsNTRK‐rearranged sarcomas of the female genital tract mainly occur in the uterus (more commonly cervix than corpus) and are characterized by a “fibrosarcoma‐like” morphology and NTRK gene rearrangements. These neoplasms may exhibit histological overlap with other entities and can present diagnostic difficulties without molecular confirmation. Pan‐TRK immunohistochemistry was developed to identify tumours harbouring NTRK rearrangements. The aim of this study was to characterize pan‐TRK immunohistochemical expression in a large cohort of gynaecological mesenchymal neoplasms and investigate the utility of pan‐TRK immunohistochemistry to distinguish NTRK‐rearranged sarcoma from its mimics.Methods and resultsA total of 473 gynaecological mesenchymal tumours (461 without known NTRK fusions and 12 NTRK‐rearranged sarcomas) were selected. Pan‐TRK immunohistochemistry (EPR17341, Abcam) was performed on whole tissue sections and tissue microarrays. Molecular interrogation of pan‐TRK positive tumours was performed by RNA sequencing or fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Of the 12 NTRK‐rearranged sarcomas, 11 (92%) exhibited diffuse (≥70%) cytoplasmic pan‐TRK staining with moderate/marked intensity, while the other was negative. Eleven (2.4%) additional tumours also exhibited pan‐TRK immunohistochemical expression: three low‐grade endometrial stromal sarcomas, seven high‐grade endometrial stromal sarcomas, and an undifferentiated uterine sarcoma. Molecular confirmation of the absence of NTRK rearrangements was possible in nine of these tumours. Of these nine neoplasms, seven exhibited focal/multifocal (<70%) pan‐TRK cytoplasmic staining with weak/moderate intensity.ConclusionEven though pan‐TRK immunohistochemical expression is not entirely sensitive or specific for NTRK‐rearranged sarcomas, these neoplasms tend to exhibit diffuse staining of moderate/strong intensity, unlike its mimics. Pan‐TRK should be performed in monomorphic uterine (corpus and cervix) spindle cell neoplasms that are negative for smooth muscle markers and hormone receptors and positive for CD34 and/ or S100. Ultimately, the diagnosis requires molecular confirmation.
Clinicopathological and molecular features of renal cell carcinomas with haemangioblastoma‐like features distinct from clear cell renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Kojima Fumiyoshi , Matsuzaki Ibu , Musangile Fidele Yambayamba , Kinoshita Yuichi , Otani Toshinori , Abe Kuniko , Asai Akihiro , Kohjimoto Yasuo , Kondo Tetsuo , Hara Isao , Murata Shin‐Ichi 
Published: November 2023

AimsHaemangioblastomas arise in the central nervous system. Rarely, haemangioblastomas may develop in extra‐neural sites, such as the kidneys. A few reported cases of renal cell carcinomas (RCCs) with haemangioblastoma‐like features have exhibited both clear cell renal cell carcinoma (CCRCC)‐ and haemangioblastoma‐like components. The clinicopathological and molecular characteristics of RCCs with haemangioblastoma‐like features were analysed, focusing on VHL alterations, in comparison with CCRCCs partially resembling haemangioblastoma.Methods and ResultsFour RCCs with haemangioblastoma‐like features and five CCRCCs partially resembling haemangioblastoma were included. The RCCs with haemangioblastoma‐like features were indolent and lacked adverse prognostic factors. All RCCs with haemangioblastoma‐like features had a well‐circumscribed appearance and a thick fibromuscular capsule, with fibromuscular bundles extending into the tumour to varying degrees in the three tumours. Each RCC with haemangioblastoma‐like features exhibited CCRCC‐like areas with indistinct tubular structures and foci of haemangioblastoma‐like areas, in which vessels and short spindle cells overwhelmed tumour cells. Whereas haemangioblastoma‐like areas in the CCRCCs partially resembling haemangioblastoma exhibited sparse vessels and spindle cells and distinct clear cells. The RCCs with haemangioblastoma‐like features exhibited a unique immunohistochemical profile, with positive staining for inhibin‐α, S100, carbonic‐anhydrase‐9, keratin7, and high molecular weight keratin and negative staining for (alpha‐methylacyl‐CoA racemase) AMACR. RCC with haemangioblastoma‐like features did not display any VHL alterations, including VHL mutation, 3p LOH, and methylation of the VHL promoter region, and the two tumours harboured a likely oncogenic missense variant of MTOR (c.7280T>G).ConclusionThe histopathological, immunohistochemical, and molecular findings suggest that RCC with haemangioblastoma‐like features is a distinct entity from CCRCC.
Can immature stages be ignored in studies of forest leaf litter arthropod diversity? A test using Oxford Nanopore DNA barcoding
Authors: Fikáček Martin , Hu Fang‐Shuo , Le My‐Hanh , Huang Jen‐Pan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Forest soil and leaf litter support diverse arthropod mesofauna for which diversity dynamics is challenging to study due to the high number of species and specimens, small body size and limited taxonomic knowledge.
Immature stages (larvae) are even harder to identify than adults, as their morphology is largely unknown. Therefore, larvae are often ignored, even though they may form a substantial proportion of specimens collected, are less mobile than adults and their exclusion may provide an incomplete diversity profile.
Here, we use Oxford Nanopore DNA barcoding to investigate whether the inclusion of larvae provides a more complete taxonomic, phylogenetic and functional diversity profiles in leaf litter beetles (Coleoptera) from a subtropical forest in Taiwan.
Our results indicate that larvae represent up to 38% of beetle specimens per sample, but most of them belong to 2–3 common species. Larvae of most beetle species are rarely collected repeatedly or in multiple specimens, possibly due to special habitat requirements or high seasonality.
Taxonomic, phylogenetic and incidence‐based functional diversity measures were not affected by the exclusion of larvae in the Staphylinidae dataset but were strongly biased in all‐beetle dataset, especially when only common or abundant species were considered. Taxonomic beta diversity was not affected by the omission of larvae.
Our results indicate that immature stages may be omitted in ecological studies of arthropods in case both adults and larvae co‐occur in the same habitat, and the sites are sampled repeatedly. Caution is needed (1) in groups in which larvae and adults do not inhabit the same environment or strongly differ in biology, (2) when rare species are omitted or (3) when functional diversity is calculated from abundance data.
Anti‐factor Xa as the preferred assay to monitor heparin for the treatment of pulmonary embolism
Authors: Zhu Eric , Yuriditsky Eugene , Raco Veronica , Katz Alyson , Papadopoulos John , Horowitz James , Maldonado Thomas , Ahuja Tania 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIntroductionThe mainstay of acute pulmonary embolism (PE) treatment is anticoagulation. Timely anticoagulation correlates with decreased PE‐associated mortality, but the ability to achieve a therapeutic activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) with unfractionated heparin (UFH) remains limited. Although some institutions have switched to a more accurate and reproducible test to assess for heparin's effectiveness, the anti‐factor Xa (antiXa) assay, data correlating a timely therapeutic antiXa to PE‐associated clinical outcomes remains scarce. We evaluated time to a therapeutic antiXa using intravenous heparin after PE response team (PERT) activation and assessed clinical outcomes including bleeding and recurrent thromboembolic events.MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study at NYU Langone Health. All adult patients ≥18 years with a confirmed PE started on IV UFH with >2 antiXa levels were included. Patients were excluded if they received thrombolysis or alternative anticoagulation. The primary endpoint was the time to a therapeutic antiXa level of 0.3–0.7 units/mL. Secondary outcomes included recurrent thromboembolism, bleeding and PE‐associated mortality within 3 months.ResultsA total of 330 patients with a PERT consult were identified with 192 patients included. The majority of PEs were classified as sub massive (64.6%) with 87% of patients receiving a bolus of 80 units/kg of UFH prior to starting an infusion at 18 units/kg/hour. The median time to the first therapeutic antiXa was 9.13 hours with 93% of the cohort sustaining therapeutic anticoagulation at 48 hours. Recurrent thromboembolism, bleeding and mortality occurred in 1%, 5% and 6.2%, respectively. Upon univariate analysis, a first antiXa <0.3 units/ml was associated with an increased risk of mortality [27.78% (5/18) vs 8.05% (14/174), p = 0.021].ConclusionWe observed a low incidence of recurrent thromboembolism or PE‐associated mortality utilizing an antiXa titrated UFH protocol. The use of an antiXa based heparin assay to guide heparin dosing and monitoring allows for timely and sustained therapeutic anticoagulation for treatment of PE.
Fine‐Tuning a Corporate Hedging Portfolio: The Case of an Airline
Authors: Gerner Mathias , Ronn Ehud I. 
Published: November 2023

Industrial companies typically face a multitude of risks that could cause significant fluctuations in their cash flow. This is a case study of the hedging strategy adopted by an international air carrier to manage its jet‐fuel price exposure.The airline's hedging approach uses “strips” of monthly collars constructed with Asian options whose payoffs are based on average of “within‐prompt‐month” oil prices.Using the carrier's own implicit objective function based on an annual granularity, the authors show how the air carrier could fine‐tune its current hedge portfolio by adding tailored exotic options. The article describes annual average‐price options, provides an explicit valuation of them, and considers how such instruments may affect corporate liquidity. Consistent with its annual objective function, the airline made this exotic derivative the central tool to hedge across all potential realized values of annual jet‐fuel spot prices. The authors believe this modified portfolio is better suited to address the firm's hedging cost and its overall exposure to jet‐fuel price fluctuations.
Roles of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptors in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Zhao Yaqin , Tan Huabing , Zhang Xiaoyu , Zhu Jing 
Published: November 2023

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the main pathological type of liver cancer, is linked to risk factors such as viral hepatitis, alcohol intake and non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Recent advances have greatly improved our understanding that NAFLD is playing a major risk factor for HCC. Peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptors (PPARs) are a class of transcription factors divided into three subtypes: PPARα (PPARA), PPARδ/β (PPARD) and PPARγ (PPARG). As important nuclear receptors, PPARs are involved in many physiological processes, and PPARs can improve NAFLD by regulating lipid metabolism, accelerating fatty acid oxidation and inhibiting inflammation. In recent years, some studies have shown that PPARs can participate in the occurrence and development of HCC by regulating metabolic pathways. In addition, PPAR modulators have been reported to inhibit the proliferation and metastasis of HCC cells and can enhance the curative effect of conventional treatments. This article reviews the role of PPARs in the occurrence and development of HCC, as well as its value in the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of HCC, in order to provide directions for future research.
Amblyceps crassioris, a new sisoroid catfish from Odisha, India (Siluriformes: Amblycipitidae)
Authors: Vijayakrishnan Balaji , Jayasimhan Praveenraj 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAmblyceps crassioris, a new species of amblycipitid catfish, is described from the Mahanadi River basin in Odisha, India. The new species can be distinguished from its congeners in having a combination of the following characters: a deeply forked caudal fin, centrally projecting hooks on proximal lepidotrichia of median caudal‐fin rays absent, jaws equal in length, lateral line absent, body depth at anus 15.1%–19.5% standard length (SL), caudal peduncle depth 13.0%–18.3% SL, adipose‐fin base length 21.1%–27.1% SL, eye diameter 7.35%–14.1% head length and 38 total vertebrae.
Cryolipolysis: A promising nonsurgical technique for localized fat reduction
Authors: Kania Barbara , Goldberg David J. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundCryolipolysis, also known as fat freezing, is a nonsurgical technique specialized for localized fat reduction. Utilizing targeted cold exposure to adipose tissue, cryolipolysis devices induce cellular apoptosis in adipocytes while sparing surrounding tissues, resulting in the selective disruption of fat cells and subsequent removal of damaged cells by macrophages. A reduction of the fat layer produces a noninvasive cosmetic benefit that provides an accessible alternative to liposuction. Objective and subjective measurements have demonstrated significant reduction in fat volume and high patient satisfaction rates. Cryolipolysis has been proven to be safe with minimal adverse effects. However, further research is needed to fully understand the mechanism of cryolipolysis and its efficacy in different treatment areas. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive overview of cryolipolysis, including its mechanism of action, indications, contraindications, adverse effects, results and outcomes, safety profile, and areas requiring further research.MethodsOur primary phase of literature review consisted of a PubMed search looking for all published literature around cryolipolysis. We employed a review approach that examined over 30 papers with the key search terms of “cryolipolysis,” “fat‐freezing,” “cosmetic dermatology,” “body contouring,” “adverse effects,” “adipocyte apoptosis,” “Coolsculpting®,” “cold panniculitis,” and “localized fat reduction.” We then analyzed each paper, extracting relevant information to gain a multidimensional understanding of cryolipolysis to provide a comprehensive review.ConclusionCryolipolysis, with its ability to target and reduce localized adipose tissue, has emerged as a promising nonsurgical technique in the field of body contouring. It offers patients a valuable option for achieving their desired fat reduction without the need for a lengthy recovery period or major surgery. Cryolipolysis has shown to reduce the number of adipocytes in the treated area, a phenomenon that can be objectively quantified through various means, including fat caliper measurements, ultrasound assessments, and 3D imaging, or subjectively observed through patient satisfaction rates, clinical observations, and investigator assessments. In addition to its effectiveness in reducing localized adipose tissue, cryolipolysis also holds potential in the area of skin tightening. Preliminary studies suggest that cryolipolysis may have a positive impact on skin elasticity and tightening. Further investigation of this mechanism is needed to provide a better understanding of its potential in achieving optimal cosmetic outcomes for patients. By combining the benefits of fat reduction and skin tightening, cryolipolysis has the potential to offer a comprehensive nonsurgical solution for body contouring.
Disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs and risk of thyroxine‐treated autoimmune thyroid disease in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Waldenlind Kristin , Delcoigne Bénédicte , Saevarsdottir Saedis , Askling Johan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundAutoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) share a genetic background, and the prevalence of AITD in RA patients is increased. Whereas immunomodulatory treatments are used in RA, they are rarely used in AITD.ObjectivesWe hypothesized that disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) as used in RA might lower the risk of incident AITD.MethodsA nationwide cohort study including 13,731 patients with new‐onset RA from the Swedish Rheumatology Quality Register 2006–2018 and 63,201 matched general population comparators linked to national registers to identify AITD. We estimated relative risks (hazard ratios) of AITD after RA diagnosis in RA patients compared to the general population, and in relation to DMARD treatment, using Cox regression.ResultsFollowing RA diagnosis, 321 (2.3%) of the RA patients and 1838 (2.9%) of the population comparators developed AITD, corresponding to an incidence of 3.7 versus 4.6 per 1000 person‐years, hazard ratio, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.72–0.91. The decreased risk of incident AITD among RA patients compared to the general population was most pronounced among biologic DMARD (bDMARD) treated patients, with a hazard ratio of 0.54; 95% CI, 0.39–0.76. Among RA patients, subgrouped by bDMARD use, TNF‐inhibitors were associated with the most pronounced decrease, hazard ratio, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.47–0.96.ConclusionsIn contrast to the increased prevalence of AITD in RA patients at diagnosis, our results indicate that the risk of AITD decreases following RA diagnosis. This decrease is especially pronounced in RA patients treated with bDMARDs. These findings support the hypothesis that DMARDs might have a preventive effect on AITD.
A Psychological Ownership Perspective on the HR System–LGBT Voice Relationship: The Role of Espousal and Enactment of Inclusion Matters
Authors: Lin Yi‐Ting , Chang Jo‐Tieh 
Published: November 2023

AbstractVoice behaviours of invisible sexual minorities, such as lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender individuals and others whose sexual orientations and/or gender expressions fall outside of heterosexual/cisgender norms (LGBT), have received scant attention in prior research. Based on the psychological ownership (PO) perspective, this study investigates the relationship between the presence of an LGBT‐supportive human resource (HR) system and LGBT employees’ voice. Moreover, grounded in the situational strength and leadership literature, this study examines the boundary conditions of the strength of an LGBT‐supportive HR system and leader inclusiveness within this PO mechanism. Data collected from LGBT employees in three waves reveal that PO can mediate the influence of the presence of an LGBT‐supportive HR system on LGBT voice. Additionally, the strength of an LGBT‐supportive HR system moderates the relationship between its presence and LGBT employees’ PO in the first stage, while leader inclusiveness moderates the PO–voice relationship in the second stage. Overall, the mediating effect of PO is most significant when a strong HR system is aligned with high leader inclusiveness. Theoretical and managerial implications are also discussed.
Carrion converging: Skull shape predicts feeding ecology in vultures
Authors: Steinfield K. R. , Felice R. N. , Kirchner M. E. , Knapp A. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe link between skull shape and dietary ecology in birds at macroevolutionary scales has recently been called into question by analyses of 3D shape that reveal that cranial anatomy is mainly influenced by other factors such as allometry. It is still unknown whether this form‐function disconnect also exists at smaller evolutionary scales, for example within specialized ecological guilds. Vultures are a diverse guild of 23 extant species in two families (Accipitridae and Cathartidae) that exhibit evolutionary convergence as a result of highly specialized feeding ecology. Vultures are the only known obligate scavengers among vertebrates and are usually grouped together under this single dietary category, but within this specialized diet there are three distinct, species‐specific feeding strategies termed ripper, gulper, and scrapper. We use three‐dimensional geometric morphometrics to quantify the relative contributions of feeding ecology, allometry, and phylogeny on vulture skull shape, along with several non‐vulture raptors of similar size, range and ecology. Families show clear separation in shape, but phylogenetic signal is comparatively weak (Kmult = 0.33). Taking into account the influence of phylogeny, skull shape is not significantly correlated with either skull size or feeding type, but there are examples of strong, significant convergence and parallel shape evolution across feeding groups. Furthermore, skull shape performs strongly in predicting feeding ecology in a phylogenetic discriminant function analysis. These findings highlight the importance of detailed assessment of feeding behavior in studies of ecomorphology, rather than broader dietary categories alone, and reveal that ecology can be readily inferred from form given appropriate information.
Measuring Teenage Learners’ Automatized, Explicit, and/or Implicit Knowledge: A Question of Context?
Authors: Schurz Alexandra 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe present study administered six test instruments to 13‐ to 14‐year‐old learners of English in Austria and Sweden (N = 213), countries offering settings with more explicit and implicit learning environments, respectively. Confirmatory Factor Analyses for Austria yielded a factor comprising timed grammaticality judgment tests, an oral narrative test, and elicited imitation, labelled in this study Automatized and/or Implicit Knowledge, and a factor including an untimed grammaticality judgment test and a metalinguistic knowledge test, named in this study Explicit Knowledge. In the Swedish context, goodness‐of‐fit indices provided some evidence that a single‐factor model shows a better fit, although a comparison of this model with two‐factor models did not reach statistical significance. The findings point to the potential importance of considering the specificities of a learning environment in interpreting learner achievement on measures of the implicit versus explicit knowledge spectrum.