bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of computerized tomography and chest X‐rays in evaluating efficacy of aerosolized recombinant human DNase in cystic fibrosis patients younger than age 5 years: A preliminary study*
Authors: Nasr Samya Z. , Kuhns Lawrence R. , Brown Randall W. , Hurwitz Martin E. , Sanders Georgiana M. , Strouse Peter J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of high‐resolution computerized tomography (HRCT) of the chest and chest x‐rays (CXR) to determine efficacy of inhaled recombinant human DNase (rhDNase) in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients younger than 5 years of age. A randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled pilot study of 12 patients with CF younger than 5 years of age, attending the University of Michigan Cystic Fibrosis Center (Ann Arbor, MI) was conducted. The changes in the HRCT and CXR score from baseline to day 100 of therapy were assessed using a previously validated scoring system.The mean changes of HRCT scores between the rhDNase and placebo groups were found to be significant at the 95% level, with mean change ±  SE mean of − 1.00  ±  0.53 and 0.58  ±  0.24 for rhDNase and placebo groups, respectively (P  =  0.02). The difference in CXR score was not significant between the two groups. An analysis was performed to relate HRCT subscores to CXR score; only thickening of the intra‐interlobular septae was significantly correlated with the total CXR score (r  =  − 0.7, P < 0.01). There was improvement in the parents' assessments of the patients' well‐being, with improvement in physical activity, decreased cough, sleep quality, and appetite in those subjects receiving rhDNase.We conclude that the administration of rhDNase was associated with improvement in the HRCT scan in CF patients younger than 5 years of age. Findings indicate that HRCT of the chest is useful and sensitive in studying responses to therapy in patients with CF lung disease. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the use of HRCT to assess the effectiveness of a therapeutic modality in so young a CF patient population. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2001; 31:377–382. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Human prostate cancer cell death by novel anticancer compounds, apoptosis‐inducing nucleosides from CD57+HLA‐DRbright natural suppressor cell line
Authors: Guo Maowu , Sato Eimei , Jin Aishun , Li Xiang , Mori Etsuko , Xu Yong , Mori Tsuneatsu 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDWe validated the induction of apoptosis in human prostate cancer PC3 cells by apoptosis‐inducing nucleosides (AINs) released from the CD57+HLA‐DRbright‐natural suppressor (57.DR‐NS) cell line. We analyzed the molecular signaling pathway during AINs‐induced apoptosis in PC3 cells.METHODSDirect and indirect co‐cultures between 57.DR‐NS and PC3 cells were performed. AINs were isolated by high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) from 57.DR‐NS cell cultures. Apoptosis in PC3 cells was analyzed by DNA fragmentation, sub‐G1 DNA content with flow cytometry, and terminal deoxynucleotide transferase–mediated dUTP nick end‐labeling (TUNEL) method. The DNA strand breaks and activation of caspase‐3 in PC3 cells were measured by DNA unwinding and flow cytometry assay.RESULTSThe 57.DR‐NS cell line generated apoptosis in PC3 cells via AINs. AINs isolated from 57.DR‐NS cell cultures induced apoptosis in PC3 cells. Furthermore, we found DNA strand breaks followed by activation of caspase‐3 during AINs‐induced apoptosis in PC3 cells.CONCLUSIONSThe data obtained here indicated that AINs could induce apoptosis in PC3 cells through DNA strand breaks and activation of caspase‐3. Prostate 51: 166–174, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Multiple responses to EGF receptor activation and their abrogation by a specific EGF receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor
Authors: Harper Maureen E. , Goddard Lindy , Glynne‐Jones Eve , Assender Jean , Dutkowski Carol M. , Barrow Denise , Dewhurst Odette L. , Wakeling Alan E. , Nicholson Robert I. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDEpidermal growth factor receptor (EGF‐R) autophosphorylation is essential for its intracellular mitogenic signaling via the MAPK pathway and for interaction in other cellular processes. Inhibition of this activity in tumor cells that predominantly utilise EGF‐R therefore offers an alternative approach to therapy.METHODSThe ability of a specific inhibitor of EGF‐R tyrosine kinase, ZM 252868, (TKI) to alter various parameters related to growth in DU145 and PC3 cell lines was investigated, by immunocytochemistry, Northern blotting, Western blotting and invasion assays.RESULTSIn DU145 cultures, the total cell population and number of cells in cell cycle decreased in the presence of TKI whilst the apoptotic rate was significantly increased. Reduction in autophosphorylation of the EGF‐R, membrane expression of EGF‐R, activation of the MAPK, p38, and JNK enzymes and the invasive capacity of DU145 cells was observed in the TKI treated cells. Under the same conditions, PC3 cell growth and EGF‐R expression and MAPK activation were not affected. The use of inhibitors of intracellular signaling indicated that the DU145 cells, in contrast to PC3 cells, predominantly utilize EGF‐R activation of the MAPK signaling pathway for growth.CONCLUSIONSIn prostatic cancer patients, in whom androgen resistance has developed and whose tumors have upregulated EGF‐R for growth, specific TKI's may offer an important therapy option. Prostate 52: 59–68, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Differentiation and stromal‐induced growth promotion of murine prostatic tumors
Authors: Salm Sarah N. , Takao Tetsuya , Tsujimura Akira , Coetzee Sandra , Moscatelli David , Wilson E. Lynette 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDWe have derived a panel of p53‐null prostatic “basal” and “luminal” epithelial cell lines and their ras transformed counterparts to study stromal/epithelial interactions and the properties of tumors arising from “basal” and “luminal” cells.METHODSPreviously derived normal murine prostatic “basal” epithelial (PE‐B‐1) and “luminal” epithelial (PE‐L‐1) cell lines were transformed with N‐Ras. These lines and a spontaneously transformed “luminal” cell line were inoculated subcutaneously or orthotopically into athymic mice, alone or in combination with normal prostatic smooth muscle cells (SMC).RESULTSAll transformed lines formed subcutaneous tumors. SMC significantly enhanced the growth rate of the tumors arising from the “basal” and one of the “luminal” cell lines. The transformed “basal” line gave rise to tumors expressing both “basal” and “luminal” cytokeratins.CONCLUSIONSProstatic SMC promote the growth of transformed epithelial cells, suggesting that prostatic stroma may promote tumor development. Furthermore, transformed “basal” cells give rise to tumors containing “luminal” cells, suggesting that although most human tumors have a “luminal” phenotype, they may originate from transformed “basal” cells. Prostate 51: 175–188, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Association of polymorphisms within androgen receptor, 5α‐reductase, and PSA genes with prostate volume, clinical parameters, and endocrine status in elderly men
Authors: Schatzl Georg , Madersbacher Stephan , Gsur Andrea , Preyer Martin , Haidinger Gerald , Haitel Andrea , Vutuc Christian , Micksche Michael , Marberger Michael 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe aim of this study was to assess the impact of polymorphisms of three genes within the androgen pathway on prostate volume, clinical parameters, and endocrine status.METHODSElderly men with lower urinary tract symptoms underwent clinical and endocrine work‐up. In parallel, polymorphisms within the 5α‐reductase gene (SRD5A2 V89L and A49T), the androgen receptor gene (AR; number of CAG repeats), and the prostate specific antigen (PSA) gene (A → G substitution at position‐158) were determined by polymerase chain reaction and restriction‐length polymorphism analysis by using DNA from peripheral blood.RESULTSA total of 190 men (66.5 ± 9.2 yr) were analyzed. The number of CAG repeats within the AR and the PSA polymorphism revealed no associations to clinical and endocrine parameters. Individuals carrying the mutated SRD5A2 A49T allele (5.3% of the total population) had larger prostates (54.1 vs. 39.3 ml), higher PSA levels (12.2 vs. 4.3 ng/ml), and a 35% reduction in prostatic stroma/epithelial cell ratio. Men with the mutated SRD5A2 V89L gene had lower testosterone levels.CONCLUSIONSIn contrast to prostate cancer, polymorphisms within AR and PSA genes do not seem to be of importance for benign prostatic hyperplasia. Polymorphisms within the 5α‐reductase gene are interesting biomarkers for the development of benign prostatic hyperplasia and benign prostatic enlargement. Prostate 52:130–138, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expression of the matrix metalloproteinase promatrilysin in coculture of prostate carcinoma cell lines
Authors: Stratton M.S. , Sirvent H. , Udayakumar T.S. , Nagle R.B. , Bowden G.T. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackgroundMatrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are involved in tumor progression. Matrilysin (MMP‐7) has been shown to be upregulated in prostatic carcinomas and can increase the invasive capacity of DU‐145 cells. Because of the heterogenous nature of prostatic tumors, we examined promatrilysin expression in cocultures containing two different prostatic carcinoma cell lines, DU‐145 and LNCaP.MethodsUsing enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) analyses, promatrilysin expression was measured in DU‐145/LNCaP cocultures and conditioned media cross‐cultures. The effects of blocking IL‐6 on promatrilysin expression were examined by pretreating conditioned media with IL‐6 neutralizing antibody.ResultsA significant induction of promatrilysin expression was observed in DU‐145/LNCaP cocultures compared to LNCaP cells alone. In addition, DU‐145 conditioned medium induced the same fold induction of promatrilysin as was observed in the cocultures. LNCaP cell conditioned medium did not induce promatrilysin expression in DU‐145 cells. Neutralization of IL‐6 with neutralizing antibody abrogated DU‐145 conditioned media induced promatrilysin expression to baseline levels.ConclusionsIL‐6 secreted by DU‐145 cells can induce promatrilysin expression in LNCaP cells. IL‐6, in vivo, may act as a paracrine signaling factor that regulates matrix metalloproteinase expression. Therefore, IL‐6 may play a role in invasive metastatic processes of a prostate carcinoma. Prostate 48:206–209, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pyrethroid insecticide residues on vegetable crops
Authors: Ripley Brian D , Ritcey Gwen M , Harris C Ronald , Denommé Mary Anne , Brown Pamela D 
Published: August 2002

AbstractPyrethroid insecticides were applied on various vegetable crops as foliar treatments to determine dissipation rates. On Chinese broccoli (Guy Lon), Chinese mustard (Pak Choi) and Chinese cabbage (Kasumi, napa), fenvalerate was persistent with residues of 0.10, 0.14 and 0.11 mg kg−1, respectively, by day 21. Cypermethrin residues on head lettuce were below 0.1 mg kg−1 by day 10 but on the leafier romaine and endive varieties it was more persistent and required 14–19 days to dissipate below this concentration. After three applications, residues of cypermethrin in harvested carrots and of permethrin in eggplant were not detected on the day of application. On asparagus, deltamethrin and cypermethrin residues declined to less than 0.1 mg kg−1 by days 1 and 2, respectively; permethrin was more persistent, requiring more than 2 days to decline to less than 0.1 mg kg−1. Deltamethrin on dry (cooking) and Spanish onions was not detected on the day of application. On tomatoes, the concentration of permethrin was 0.093 mg kg−1 on the day of application and declined to about 0.05 mg kg−1 after 2–4 days. In general, permethrin, cypermethrin and deltamethrin residues declined to acceptable concentrations within an acceptable pre‐harvest interval. Fenvalerate may be too persistent on these speciality crops unless a maximum residue limit >0.1 mg kg−1 is permitted.© 2001 Society of Chemical Industry
Analysis and management of resistance to chemotherapeutants in salmon lice, Lepeophtheirus salmonis (Copepoda: Caligidae)
Authors: Denholm Ian , Devine Gregor J , Horsberg Tor E , Sevatdal Sigmund , Fallang Anders , Nolan Damien V , Powell Richard 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn Northern Europe and Canada, the salmon louse, Lepeophtheirus salmonis (Krøyer), seriously affects the marine phase of salmon production. Although the problem is long‐standing, the development of sustainable methods of pest management has been unable to keep pace with the intensification of production, leading to large‐scale reliance on very few chemotherapeutants. This runs the risk of selecting for genetically determined resistance in target organisms. There are many examples of similar evolutionary adaptations in arthropod pests of arable crops, livestock and human health. Several hundred pest species are now documented as being resistant to one or more chemical classes of insecticides and acaricides. Many of these compounds are identical or closely related to ones currently employed against salmon lice. It is, therefore, opportune to consider what lessons have been learnt from contending with resistance in terrestrial organisms, the implications for sustainable use of chemotherapeutants in aquaculture, and the potential for developing effective resistance management strategies. An EU‐funded project named SEARCH (QLK2‐CT‐2000‐00809) has been initiated to explore in more detail the diagnosis, incidence, dynamics and management of resistance to chemotherapeutants in L salmonis.© 2002 Society of Chemical Industry
Influence of thermal motion on 1H chemical shifts in proteins: the case of bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor
Authors: Busetta Bernard , Picard Philippe , Precigoux Gilles 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe possible influence of thermal motion on 1H chemical shifts is discussed for a small stable protein, the bovine pancreatic Kunitz trypsin inhibitor (BPTI). The thermal effects on the aromatic side chains and on the backbone are treated separately. The thermal motion of the aromatic side chains is accounted for in terms of their rotation around the CαCβ bond and the motion of each individual proton is interpreted as a ratio between the amount of ordered and quite disordered states. The influence of hydrogen bonds is introduced as an extra contribution to the chemical shifts of the bonded proton. Their contribution to the chemical shifts resulting from the polarization of the peptide bond is investigated, as is their influence on local flexibility. Finally, the relative importance of each contribution to the chemical shift information is compared. Copyright © 2001 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Protein design and folding: template trapping of self‐assembled helical bundles
Authors: Grell Daniel , Richardson Jane S. , Mutter Manfred 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAn experimental system is described, permitting a detailed and systematic analysis of the factors governing self‐assembly of amphipathic helices, e.g. to a four‐helical bundle, a subject of major relevance for tertiary structure formation, protein folding and design. Following the Template Assembled Synthetic Proteins (TASP) approach, helices of different packing potential are competitively assembled in solution with a preformed two‐helix TASP molecule, and after equilibration are covalently attached (‘template trapping’) via chemoselective thioether formation. The quantitative analysis of the individual TASP molecules by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and electrospray mass spectrometry (ES‐MS) allows the delineation of the role of complementary packing in helix bundle formation. The procedure established represents a general tool for the experimental verification of modern concepts in molecular recognition. Copyright © 2001 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and spectroscopic characterization of protected N‐phosphonomethylglycine dipeptides
Authors: Ziora Zyta , Kafarski Paweł , Holband Jolanta , Wójcik Grażyna 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA series of terminally blocked dipeptides containing C‐terminal N‐phosphonomethylglycine (glyphosate, an extremely effective non‐selective post‐emergence herbicide) have been synthesized by a solution method. The presence of their two conformers, cis (syn) and trans (anti), was shown in solutions by NMR spectroscopy. Molecular structures of the peptides were also determined in the solid state by X‐ray diffraction. The attempts for the selective and total removal of the groups protecting amino, carboxylic and phosphonate functions were in many cases unsuccessful due to the formation of cyclic structures and breakage of the phosphorus‐to‐carbon bond. Copyright © 2001 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Conformation of N‐terminal HIV‐1 tat (fragment 1–9) peptide by NMR and MD simulations
Authors: Kanyalkar Meena , Srivastava Sudha , Coutinho Evans 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe N‐terminal portion of HIV‐1 Tat covering residues 1–9 is a competitive inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DP IV). We have used 1H NMR techniques, coupled with molecular dynamics methods, to determine the conformation of this peptide in the three diverse media: DMSO‐d6, water (pH 2.7) and 40% HFA solution. The results indicate that in both DMSO‐d6 and HFA the peptide has a tendency to acquire a type I β‐turn around the segment Asp5‐Pro6‐Asn7‐Ile8. The N‐terminal end is seen to be as a random coil. In water, the structure is best described as a left‐handed polyproline type II (PPII) helix for the mid segment region Asp2 to Pro6. The structures obtained in this study have been compared with an earlier report on Tat (1–9). Copyright © 2000 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Gel‐phase synthesis of hydrophobic [Thr14] [Thr19] Galanin (1–19) fragment on a high capacity flexible crosslinked polystyrene support
Authors: Krishna Kumar I. M. , Mathew Beena 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA hydrophobic analogue of human galanin (1–19) fragment has been synthesized using Boc/Bzl tactics to demonstrate the synthetic utility of the flexible crosslinked polystyrene support prepared by the suspension polymerization of styrene and 1,4‐butanediol dimethacrylate. The copolymer was chloromethylated to 2.36 mmol Cl/g. The functionalized resin was found to possess all the physicochemical properties similar to Merrifield resin. The free peptide was obtained in high yield and purity as judged by RP‐HPLC and characterized by amino acid analysis and ESI‐MS. Copyright © 2000 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis, conformation and biological activity of linear and cyclic Thr6‐bradykinin analogues containing N‐benzylglycine in place of phenylalanine
Authors: Biondi L. , Filira F. , Gobbo M. , Scolaro B. , Rocchi R. , Galeazzi R. , Orena M. , Zeegers A. , Piek T. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThree linear Thr6‐bradykinin analogues in which either one or both the two phenylalanine residues in the peptide sequence have been substituted by N‐benzylglycine (BzlGly) and their head‐to‐tail cyclic analogues were synthesized and tested on an isolated rat duodenum preparation. The linear (BzlGly5,Thr6‐BK, BzlGly8,Thr6‐BK and BzlGly5,8,Thr6‐BK) and the cyclic (cyclo BzlGly5,Thr6‐BK, cyclo BzlGly8,Thr6‐BK and cyclo BzlGly5,8,Thr6‐BK) peptoid‐like analogues were characterized by amino acid analysis, optical rotation, analytical HPLC and MALDI‐TOF mass spectroscopy. The conformational features of both the linear and cyclic derivatives were investigated by FT‐IR and CD measurements. Preliminary molecular mechanics calculations were also performed on some synthetic peptides. Pharmacological screening using the relaxation of the isolated rat duodenum preparation showed that incorporation of N‐benzylglycine at positions 5 and/or 8 in the linear Thr6‐BK causes a substantial decrease in potency. Comparable incorporation in cyclo Thr6‐BK, at position 8, or 5 and 8, resulted in nearly inactive analogues. However, cyclo BzlGly5,Thr6‐BK showed a potency which is of the same order of magnitude as for cyclo‐BK and cyclo Thr6‐BK. Copyright © 2001 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Advanced analysis of composite frames
Authors: Liew J Y R , Uy B 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe issue of design codes is becoming continually challenged throughout the world. Over the last decade, design codes in structural engineering have seen an increase in harmonization with the preparation of regional codes and material specific model codes. In particular, this has been highlighted by European code releases in most construction materials. In Australasia, there have also been an increasing number of design codes published as combined Australian and New Zealand codes. In Asia there have been initial moves to create a regional code in concrete structures. In addition to the harmonization of international codes, many structural design codes are moving away from prescriptive methods and toward performance‐based approaches. The gradual shift toward international harmonization and performance‐ based specifications puts increased pressure on design engineers to have appropriate software and design tools to assess the real behaviour of structures. Considerable research has been conducted into advanced analysis methods in steel and composite members and frames over the last two decades. Whilst their use has been limited mainly to considering investigations of structural failure and very special structures, the emergence of performance based international codes may see an increased need and reliance on these approaches. This paper highlights the recent development in advanced analysis of composite members and frames, and discusses the issues that are essential for design implementation. Some illustrative examples are also given to demonstrate the benefits of using advanced analysis for designing real‐sized structures.
Effects of antiinflammatory triterpenes isolated from Leptadenia hastata latex on Keratinocyte Proliferation
Authors: Nikiéma J. B. , Vanhaelen‐Fastré R. , Vanhaelen M. , Fontaine J. , De Graef C. , Heenen M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractSeveral triterpenes isolated from Leptadenia hastata latex were tested for their anti‐inflammatory activity. Lupeol (1), its acetate (2) and palmitate (3) esters were found to be the main antiinflammatory constituents in the croton oil‐induced ear oedema test. Furthermore, lupeol hemisuccinate (4), synthesized from lupeol, exhibited a higher activity than lupeol in the test. These results prove that the triterpenes play a pivotal role in the topical antiinflammatory effect of this latex.In addition, an in vitro model of human skin keratinocytes (epidermal explants) cultured at an air–liquid interface on a de‐epidermized human dermis (DED) was used to investigate the effects of lupeol esters on skin repair in vitro. Compared with the control, compounds 2 and 3 improved keratinocyte proliferation at a concentration of 5 µM in the culture medium; however, they remained less active than compounds 1 and 4. In contrast to compound 1, all the lupeol esters (2–4), and particularly compound 4, induced a good differentiation of keratinocytes with a well‐formed stratum corneum without parakeratosis. These results substantiate the topical use of Leptadenia hastata latex in traditional medicine and showed that both antiinflammatory activity and the effect on keratinocyte proliferation of compound 1 could be improved by its hemisuccinylation; on the contrary, esterification by acetylation or palmitoylation decreased these activities. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.