bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of Composite Indicator Anthropometric Failures and Associated Factors among 6-59 Month Children Living In Mojo Town, Oromia, Ethiopia
Authors: Deybasso Haji Aman , Belda Eyerusalem Shiferaw , Habtewold Ephrem Mannekulih 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background: A composite index of anthropometric failures was developed to quantify the overall prevalence of overlapping burdens of anthropometric failures in a particular child in the population. The prevalence of composite index anthropometric failures and associated factors were not well studied in Ethiopia in general and the study site in particular.
Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among randomly selected 461 childrenwith their mothers/caregivers. Data were collected using structured interviewer-administered questionnaires and anthropometric measurements. The collected data was checked, coded, and entered into Epi info 7 version 3.1 and exported to the statistical package for Social Science version 25 for further analysis. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the study population. Bivariate analysis was conducted, and the variables with p < 0.25 were fitted for multivariable logistic regression analysis. The strength of association was estimated using an adjusted odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval. Statistical significance was declared at p-value < 0.05.
Result: The prevalence of composite indicator anthropometric failures was 24.5% [95%CI: 20.8, 28.8] among 6-59 month children. Family size of >=5 [AOR = 1.75, 95% CI: 1.04, 2.97], presence of fever [AOR: 2.37, 95% CI: 1.39–4.08], dietary diversity score [AOR: 3.27; 95% CI: 1.73, 6.18], children age category of 48-59month [AOR: 2.59; 95%CI: 1.06, 6.37] and household food insecurity [AOR: 2.21; 95%CI: 1.38, 3.55] were significantly associated with composite index anthropometric failures.
Conclusion:- A quarter of children aged 6–59 months in the study area were exposed to composite indicator anthropometric failures. Family size, the presence of fever, dietary diversity, household food status, and child age were factors positively associated with composite index anthropometric failures.
Elucidating the Biochemical Role of Novel Enzyme Targets in Neurodegenerative Disorders
Authors: Al-Rubaye Abdullah Abbas Hamzah 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Introduction: Neurodegenerative disorders, characterized by progressive neuronal loss, remain a significant clinical challenge due to their multifactorial etiology. While numerous enzymes have been implicated in their pathogenesis, there remains a knowledge gap regarding the precise biochemical roles of several novel enzyme targets.
Methods: This study encompassed a multi-pronged approach, involving patient-derived samples from Alzheimer's and Parkinson's cases (n=156), an ALS mouse model (n=50), and a CRISPR-Cas9 edited Huntington's Disease zebrafish model (n=100). Enzyme activity assays, localization microscopy, and interaction pathway analyses were conducted.
Results: Elevated Aminotransferases activity was observed in 78% of Alzheimer's samples compared to controls (p<0.05). The ALS mouse model revealed a 30% reduction in motor neuron counts in tandem with altered enzyme activity (p<0.01). The Huntington's zebrafish model successfully displayed genetic markers post-CRISPR editing, indicating a 95% editing efficiency. Furthermore, novel interactions between the enzymes and established neurodegenerative pathways were identified.
Conclusion: Mine findings highlight the pivotal role of novel enzyme targets in neurodegenerative disorders, offering potential avenues for early detection and therapeutic interventions. The intricate interplay of these enzymes with known disease pathways underscores the need for an integrated approach to understand disease mechanisms holistically.
Suppressive antibiotic therapy for infectious endocarditis
Authors: Lemmet Thomas , Bourne-Watrin Morgane , Gerber Victor , Danion François , Hoellinger Baptiste , Lefebvre Nicolas , Mazzucotelli Jean-Philippe , Zeyons Floriane , Hansmann Yves , Ruch Yvon 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Purpose: Suppressive antibiotic therapy (SAT) is a long-term antibiotic strategy sometimes used when an indicated surgical management of infective endocarditis (IE) is not possible. Our aim was to describe characteristics and outcomes of patients who received SAT for IE.
Methods: We conducted a monocentric, observational study at Strasbourg University Hospital, France between January 1st 2020 and May 30th 2023. We reviewed all medical files discussed at weekly meetings of the local Multidisciplinary Endocarditis Team (MET) during the study period. The primary endpoint was all-cause mortality at last follow-up. Secondary endpoints included all-cause mortality at 3 months and 6 months follow-up, infection relapse and occurrence of tolerance issues attributed to SAT.
Results: The local MET discussed 251 patients with during the study time, among whom we included 22 patients (9%) who received SAT. The mean age was 77.2 ± 12.3 years. Patients were highly comorbid with a mean Charlson index score of 6.6 ± 2.5. Fourteen patients (64%) had prosthetic valve endocarditis. Six patients (27%) had IE affecting cardiac implantable electronic devices. Median follow-up time was 249 days (IQR 95 – 457 days). At last follow-up date, all-cause mortality was of 23% (5/22). Three patients (14%) presented tolerance issues attributed to SAT, and 2 patients (9%) presented late infectious relapse.
Conclusion: Mortality at 3-month follow-up was low and tolerance issues were rare for patients under SAT for IE in this study. It might be a palliative approach to consider when conventional management involving surgery or device removal is not deemed possible.
Maternal Periodontitis May Cause Lower Birth Weight in Children: Genetic Evidence from a Comprehensive Mendelian Randomization Study on Periodontitis and Pregnancy
Authors: Chen Xixiong , Li Xiao , Yang Kun , Fang Jinlin 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Objectives
This study aims to comprehensively investigate the potential genetic link between periodontitis and adverse pregnancy outcomes using a two-sample Mendelian Randomization approach.
Materials and Methods
We employed robust genetic instruments for chronic periodontitis as exposure data from the FinnGen database. Data encompassing various pregnancy stage outcomes, including pre-pregnancy conditions (irregular menstruation, endometriosis, abnormal reproductive bleeding, and female infertility), pregnancy complications (hemorrhage, spontaneous miscarriage, and abnormalities in products), and post-pregnancy factors (single spontaneous delivery, labor duration, and birth weight of the child), were obtained from the UK Biobank. The random-effects inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method was utilized to compute primary estimates while diligently assessing potential directional pleiotropy and heterogeneity.
Results
Our findings indicate a negative association between periodontitis and labor duration (odds ratio [OR] = 0.999; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.999 to 1.000; P = 0.017). Individuals with periodontitis are more likely to deliver lower-weight infants (OR = 0.983; 95% CI: 0.972 to 0.995; P = 0.005). We found no evidence of pleiotropy or heterogeneity in aforementioned two associations. We did not observe casual links with pre-pregnancy conditions and pregnancy complications.
Conclusions
This Mendelian Randomization study underscores the genetic influence of periodontitis on specific adverse pregnancy outcomes, particularly concerning labor duration and lower birth weight deliveries.
Clinical Relevance:
Our study emphasizes the critical importance of maintaining periodontal health during pregnancy and offers genetic evidence supporting these associations. Further investigation is required to delve deeper into the specific underlying mechanisms.
The Effect of the Modality on Students’ Computational Thinking, Programming Attitude, and Programming Achievement
Authors: Cetin Ibrahim , OTU Tarık 
Published: October 2023

The purpose of the current study was to explore the effect of modality (constructionist mBlock, Scratch, and Python interventions) on six-grade students’ computational thinking, programming attitude, and achievement. The pre-test and post-test quasi-experimental design was used to explore the research questions. The study group consisted of 105 six grade students from three different classes. A constructionist learning environment was formed for Scratch, mBlock, and Python groups. All groups were given 8 week-instruction. Instruction included two forty-minute sessions each week. The data were collected through the programming achievement test, computational thinking test, and computer programming attitude scale. The results of the study showed that mBlock group outperformed the Scratch and Python groups with respect to computer programming attitude. Students who attended mBlock and Scratch groups had higher levels of programming achievement than those of the students who attended the Python group. No significant differences with respect to computational thinking were observed between the groups. This study has implications for educators who are teaching computational thinking and programming. Further research was recommended to explore the effect of modality.
Artesunate Alleviates Chronic Hyperoxia-induced Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia by Suppressing NF-κB Pathway in Neonatal Mice
Authors: Weng Wenbo , Wang Xiaoying , Cui Yifei 
Published: October 2023

Background:
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a chronic lung condition that
occurs in premature infants who undergo prolonged mechanical ventilation and oxygen therapy.
Existing treatment methods have shown limited efficacy, highlighting the urgent need for new
therapeutic strategies. Artesunate (AS) is a compound known for its potential anti-inflammatory
properties, and studies have shown its protective effects against acute lung injury. However, its
impact on BPD and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear.

Objective:
To investigate the effect and underlying mechanism of AS on chronic hyperoxiainduced
BPD in neonatal mice.

Method:
Full-term C57BL/6J mice were randomly assigned to the Air+lactate Ringer's solution
(L/R) group, O2 + L/R group, and O2 + AS group. Analysis was performed using assay methods
such as ELISA, RT-qPCR, hematoxylin-eosin staining, and Western blotting.

Results:
Compared with the O2+L/R group, the expression of inflammatory factors in the serum,
tissue, and BALF of the O2+AS group was significantly reduced, the lung function of the
mice was improved, and the inflammatory infiltrates were significantly alleviated. AS inhibited
the mRNA expression of inflammatory factors in mice. We found that the expression of nuclear
p65 and cytoplasmic p-IκBα in the NF-κB pathway was inhibited after adding AS.

Conclusion:
AS ameliorated chronic hyperoxia-induced BPD in neonatal mice probably by inhibiting
the expression of NF-κB pathway and inflammatory factors.
Articulating the Pharmacological and Nanotechnological Aspects of
Genistein: Current and Future Prospectives
Authors: Bansal Keshav , Singh Vanshita , Mishra Samiksha , Bajpai Meenakshi 
Published: October 2023

Abstract:
Throughout the past several centuries, herbal constituents have been the subject of
scientific interest and the latest research into their therapeutic potential is underway. Genistein is
a soy-derived isoflavone found in huge amounts in soy, along with the plants of the Fabaceae
family. Scientific studies have demonstrated the beneficial effects of genistein on various health
conditions. Genistein presents a broad range of pharmacological activities, including anticancer,
neuroprotective, cardioprotective, antiulcer, anti-diabetic, wound healing, anti-bacterial, antiviral,
skin, and radioprotective effects. However, the hydrophobic nature of genistein results in
constrained absorption and restricts its therapeutic potential. In this review, the number of
nanocarriers for genistein delivery has been explored, such as polymeric nanoparticles,
nanostructured lipid carriers, solid lipid nanoparticles, liposomes, micelles, transferosomes, and
nanoemulsions and nanofibers. These nano-formulations of genistein have been utilized as a
potential strategy for various disorders, employing a variety of ex vivo, in vitro, and in vivo models
and various administration routes. This review concluded that genistein is a potential therapeutic
agent for treating various diseases, including cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, cardiovascular
disorders, obesity, diabetes, ulcers, etc., when formulated in suitable nanocarriers.
Utilization of Computational Tools for the Discovery of Schiff Base-based
1, 3, 4-thiadiazole Scaffold as SGLT2 Inhibitors
Authors: Sharma Shivani , Mittal Amit , Khurana Navneet 
Published: October 2023

Background::
High or abnormal blood sugar levels are the hallmark of diabetes mellitus
(DM), a metabolic disorder that will be one of the major causes of mortality in 2021. SGLT2
inhibitors have recently shown beneficial effects in the treatment of diabetes by reducing hyperglycemia
and glucosuria.

Objective::
Molecular docking and ADMET studies of Schiff base- based 1, 3, 4-thiadiazole
scaffold as SGLT2 inhibitors.

Methods::
Chem draw Ultra 16.0 software was used to draw the structures of newly designed
molecules of Schiff base-based 1, 3, 4-thiadiazole, which were then translated into 3D structures.
For the molecular docking study, AutoDock Vina 1.5.6 software was employed. Lazar in
silico and Swiss ADME predictors were used to calculate in silico ADMET characteristics.

Results::
We have designed 111 novel Schiff base-based 1, 3, 4-thiadiazole derivatives as
SGLT2 inhibitors. A total of 10 compounds from the thiadiazole series were found to have
higher binding affinity to the SGLT2 protein than dapagliflozin. SSS 56 had the best docking
scores and binding affinities, with -10.4 Kcal/mol, respectively. In silico ADMET parameters
demonstrated that the best binding compounds were found to be non-carcinogenic with LogP =
2.53-4.02.

Conclusion::
Novel Schiff base-based 1, 3, 4-thiadiazole were designed and binding affinity was
assessed against SGLT2 protein, which resulted in a new lead molecule with a maximal binding
affinity and estimated to be noncarcinogenic with an optimal partition coefficient (iLogP = 2.53-
4.02).
An Update on the Pathways and Aspects of Epilepsy Treatment Targets
Authors: Sande Ruksar , Kale Pravin , Godad Angel , Doshi Gaurav 
Published: October 2023

Abstract:
Epilepsy is a neurological disorder characterized by spontaneously occurring
seizures known for several decades. Despite the availability of current anti-epileptic drugs,
including Phenytoin, Valproate, Carbamazepine, Lamotrigine, Gabapentin, Vigabatrin, etc., a considerable
30 % of the epileptic population are drug-resistant to the available conventional medications.
This suggests a need to find new drug therapy for the management of epilepsy. Moreover,
prolonged use of a single drug or monotherapy can also lead to therapeutic failure owing to the
inability of a single drug to exert the desired anti-epileptic effect. Hence, on the basis of the
knowledge and understanding regarding the existing targets, novel agents having the ability to
show therapeutic effects should be studied and investigated further. This article emphasizes the
need to investigate and repurpose drug molecules for the management of epilepsy. The review elaborates
on the potential targets, including Glutamate, EAAT (Excitatory nucleotide) Channel and
mTOR (Mammalian Target of Rapamycin) pathway. Moreover, the discussion on the EAAT (Excitatory
Amino Acid Transporters), RAS (Renin Angiotensin System), NHE (Na+/H+ exchangers),
HCN (Hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide) targets and treatment approach has been supported
by literature that sheds light on evidence which is validated via suitable preclinical and clinical
studies.
Toxicity Prediction for Immune Thrombocytopenia Caused by Drugs
Based on Logistic Regression with Feature Importance
Authors: Mentari Osphanie , Shujaat Muhammad , Tayara Hilal , Chong Kil To 
Published: October 2023

Background:
One of the problems in drug discovery that can be solved by artificial intelligence
is toxicity prediction. In drug-induced immune thrombocytopenia, toxicity can arise in patients
after five to ten days by significant bleeding caused by drugdependent antibodies. In clinical
trials, when this condition occurs, all the drugs consumed by patients should be stopped, although
sometimes this is not possible, especially for older patients who are dependent on their medication.
Therefore, being able to predict toxicity in drug-induced immune thrombocytopenia is very important.
Computational technologies, such as machine learning, can help predict toxicity better than
empirical techniques owing to the lower cost and faster processing.

Objective:
Previous studies used the KNN method. However, the performance of these approaches
needs to be enhanced. This study proposes a Logistic Regression to improve accuracy scores.

Methods:
In this study, we present a new model for drug-induced immune thrombocytopenia using a
machine learning method. Our model extracts several features from the Simplified Molecular Input
Line Entry System (SMILES). These features were fused and cleaned, and the important features
were selected using the SelectKBest method. The model uses a Logistic Regression that is optimized
and tuned by the Grid Search Cross Validation.

Results:
The highest accuracy occurred when using features from PADEL, CDK, RDKIT, MORDRED,
BLUEDESC combinations, resulting in an accuracy of 80%.

Conclusion:
Our proposed model outperforms previous studies in accuracy categories. The information
and source code is accessible online at Github:
https://github.com/Osphanie/Thrombocytopenia
Assessment of Adherence to Cardiovascular Medicines in Saudi Population: An Observational Study in Patients Attending a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Almeman Ahmad Abdulrahman , Al Mesned Abdulrahman , Alredaini Ibrahim Abdullah , Alhumaidan Raghad Ibrahim , Alharbi Sarah Bakheet , Alassaf Farah Abdullah , Alharbi Seham Fayez , Alharbi Saud Bader , Alharbi Hadeel Mubarak 
Published: October 2023

Background:
Drug adherence has been extensively evaluated in many developed
countries in the West using different methods of medication adherence measurement; however,
there are relatively few reports studying the adherence levels among Saudi patients. Thus, this
study will evaluate the adherence to cardiovascular medicines in Saudi patients visiting (PSCC)
in Al-Qassim, Saudi Arabia.

Methods:
This cross-sectional observational study relied on self-administered questionnaires.
This study used the Morisky, Green, and Levine (MGL) Adherence Scale, also known as the
MAQ (Medication Adherence Questionnaire), in PSCC's pharmacy waiting room in Qassim,
Saudi Arabia.

Results:
This study included 993 PSCC pharmacy waiting room patients. The patients were between
11 and 50 years old, and 52.7 percent were male. Most participants (71.2%) were above
50, while 16.3% were 41–50. Non-adherent patients cited traveling or being busy (28.6%), forgetting
(18.7%), daily multi-medications (7.1%), being sleepy or sleeping (6.6%), and not repeating
the prescription (6.6%). The Medicine Adherence Questionnaire indicated that 62.6 percent
of patients fully adhered to their medications, and 21.6 percent usually adhered. Only drug
adverse effects affected adherence (p =0.0001).

Conclusion:
The current study showed that there is a good level of adherence among patients
with cardiovascular diseases toward their diseases. The most common reasons for neglecting
medications include traveling or being busy, forgetting multiple medications, and being tired or
sleeping. Having experience with side effects was the only significant factor affecting adherence
to medications.
Evaluation of Mitochondrial Function on Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex Deficient Patient-derived Cell Lines
Authors: Pavlú-Pereira Hana , Florindo Cristina , Carvalho Filipa , Tavares de Almeida Isabel , Vicente Joao , Morais Vanessa , Rivera Isabel 
Published: October 2023

Introduction:
Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex (PDC) is a pivotal gatekeeper between
cytosolic glycolysis and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, playing important role
in aerobic energy metabolism. Most PDC deficiency, cases being caused by mutations in
PDHA1 encoding the α subunit of the rate-limiting E1 enzyme, which is characterized by abnormal
phenotypes caused by energy deprivation at peripheral/central nervous systems and
muscular tissues. This study aims to evaluate the potential therapeutic effect of arginine and
thiamine in ameliorating mitochondrial function in patient-derived cultured cells.

Materials and Methods:
PDC-deficient cell lines, carrying three different PDHA1 variants,
were cultured in the absence and presence of arginine and/or thiamine at therapeutical levels, 4
mM and 100 μM, respectively. Mitochondrial bioenergetics profile was evaluated using the
Seahorse extracellular flux analyzer.

Results:
In physiological conditions, control cells presented standard values for all parameters
evaluating the mitochondrial function, no differences being observed after supplementation of
culture medium with therapeutic levels of arginine and/or thiamine. However, PDC-PDHA1
deficient cell lines consumed less oxygen than the control cells, but arginine and thiamine supplementation
increased the basal respiration for values similar or higher than the control cell
line. Moreover, arginine and thiamine treatment highlighted an inefficient oxidative phosphorylation
carried out by PDC-deficient cell lines. Finally, this treatment showed an increased oxygen
consumption by enzymes other than those in the respiratory chain, thus proving the dependence
of these mutant cell lines on cytosolic sources for ATP production, namely glycolysis.

Conclusions:
This study showed that arginine and thiamine, at therapeutical levels, increase the
basal oxygen consumption rate of PDC-deficient cell lines, as well as their ATP-linked respiration.
This parameter measures the capacity of the cell to meet its energetic demands and, therefore,
its increase reveals a higher electron flow through the respiratory chain, which is coupled
to elevated oxidative phosphorylation, thus indicating an overall increased robustness in mitochondrial-
related bioenergetics.