bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trends in patient perceptions of care toward rural and urban hospitals in the United States: 2014‐2019
Authors: Li Zhong , Ho Vivian , Merrell Melinda A. , Hung Peiyin 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPurposeUnderstanding rural‐urban disparities in patient satisfaction is critical to identify gaps for improvement in patient‐centered care and tailor interventions to specific patient needs, especially those in the Frontier and Remote areas (FAR). This study aimed to examine disparities in patient perceptions of care between urban, rural non‐FAR, and FAR hospitals between 2014 and 2019.MethodsThis is a retrospective longitudinal study using 2014‐2019 Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems data linked to American Hospital Annual Survey data (3,524 hospitals in 2014 and 3,440 hospitals in 2019). Multivariable linear regression models were used to identify differential trends in patient perceptions of care by hospital rurality over 2014‐2019, adjusting hospital‐ and county‐level characteristics.FindingsIn 2014, patients at rural non‐FAR and FAR hospitals had lower percentages of willingness to definitely recommend these hospitals than urban hospitals (average percentage difference, 95% CI: −4.0% [−4.5%, −3.5%]; −2.0% [−2.8%, −1.2%]); yet, over the study period, rural hospitals experienced steeper increases in patient willingness to recommend (0.2% [0.07%, 0.4%]; 0.4% [0.08%, 0.7%]). FAR hospitals also showed improvements in patient experience in a clean environment, communication with nurses, communication about medicines, and responsiveness of staff. Communication with doctors showed slight decreases across hospital locations.ConclusionsPatient perceptions of care were generally improved in all US hospitals from 2014 to 2019, except communications with doctors. These findings highlight the potential for enhancing patient satisfaction and experience in urban hospitals and suggest the need to improve patient willingness to recommend in rural FAR hospitals.
Serum gastrin concentrations in dogs with primary hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Vose Julieann , Jaffey Jared , Akin Camille , Spitzer Alexander , DeCicco Barry , Bassiouny Enass , LaClair Ashley , Petroff Brian , Brudvig Jean , Cridge Harry 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundHypercalcemia has been associated with hypergastrinemia in humans. Hypergastrinemia could be responsible for gastrointestinal (GI) signs in dogs with primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT).Hypothesis/Objectives(a) Determine whether hypergastrinemia occurs in dogs with PHPT, (b) assess for potential correlations among ionized calcium (iCa), parathyroid hormone (PTH), and serum gastrin concentrations, and (c) determine whether gastrin concentrations decrease after management of PHPT.AnimalsPhase 1: 151 client‐owned dogs at the time of PHPT diagnosis, Phase 2: 24 dogs that underwent treatment for PHPT.MethodsDogs with azotemia, concurrent disease, or those receiving acid suppressants were excluded. Twenty‐four treated dogs had baseline and repeat quantification of serum gastrin, PTH, and iCa concentrations 4 weeks after treatment. The effect of treatment on gastrin, iCa, and PTH concentrations was assessed using Wilcoxon signed rank sum tests. Fisher exact testing was used to compare the proportion of dogs with hypergastrinemia in dogs with and without GI signs.ResultsTwenty‐seven of 151 PHPT dogs (17.9%) had increased pre‐treatment serum gastrin concentrations (median, 45.0 ng/L; interquartile range [IQR], 20.0 ng/L). Gastrin concentrations were not correlated with iCa (P = .92) or PTH (P = .60). Treatment of PHPT decreased PTH (P < .001) and iCa concentrations (P < .001), but not gastrin concentrations (P = .15). The proportion of dogs with hypergastrinemia with and without GI signs did not differ (P = 1.00).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceMild increases in serum gastrin concentrations may be seen in dogs with PHPT, but this finding is independent of the presence of GI signs.
Uroliths composed of antiviral compound GS‐441524 in 2 cats undergoing treatment for feline infectious peritonitis
Authors: Allinder Marissa , Tynan Beth , Martin Cara , Furbish Amelia , Austin Glenn , Bartges Joe , Lourenço Bianca N. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractFeline infectious peritonitis (FIP) historically has been a fatal disease in cats. Recent unlicensed use of antiviral medication has been shown to markedly improve survival of this infection. An 8‐month‐old female spayed domestic short‐haired cat undergoing treatment for presumptive FIP with the antiviral nucleoside analog GS‐441524 developed acute progressive azotemia. Abdominal ultrasound examination identified multifocal urolithiasis including renal, ureteral, and cystic calculi. Unilateral ureteral obstruction progressed to suspected bilateral ureteral obstruction and subcutaneous ureteral bypass (SUB) was performed along with urolith removal and submission for analysis. A 2‐year‐old male neutered domestic medium‐haired cat undergoing treatment for confirmed FIP with GS‐441524 developed dysuria (weak urine stream, urinary incontinence, and difficulty expressing the urinary bladder). This cat also was diagnosed sonographically with multifocal urolithiasis requiring temporary tube cystostomy after cystotomy and urolith removal. In both cases, initial urolith analysis showed unidentified material. Additional testing confirmed the calculi in both cats to be 98% consistent with GS‐441524. Additional clinical studies are required to determine best screening practices for cats presented for urolithiasis during treatment with GS‐441524.
Mortality related to HCV and other chronic liver diseases in Veneto (Italy), 2008–2021: Changes in trends and age‐period‐cohort effects
Authors: Casotto Veronica , Amidei Claudio Barbiellini , Saia Mario , Gregori Dario , Zanetto Alberto , Fedeli Ugo , Russo Francesco P. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackground and AimsThe objective of this study was to assess the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic and direct‐acting antiviral (DAA) agents on mortality related to chronic liver diseases (CLD).MethodsAge‐standardized mortality rates were computed based on CLD as the underlying cause of death (UCOD) and as any mention in death certificates (multiple causes of death‐MCOD). Time trends in age‐standardized mortality rates were investigated using generalized estimation equation models. Additionally, we conducted age, period, and birth cohort (APC) analyses on CLD‐related mortality associated with alcohol and hepatitis C virus (HCV).ResultsBetween 2008 and 2021, among residents in the Veneto region (Northeastern Italy) aged ≥35 years, there were 20 409 deaths based on the UCOD and 30 069 deaths based on MCOD from all CLD. We observed a 4% annual decline in age‐standardized MCOD‐based mortality throughout 2008–2021, with minor peaks corresponding to COVID‐19 epidemic waves. Starting in 2016, the decline in HCV‐related mortality accelerated further (p < .001). A peak in HCV‐related mortality in the 1963–1967 birth cohort was observed, which levelled off by the end of the study period. Mortality related to alcoholic liver disease declined at a slower pace, becoming the most common aetiology mentioned in death certificates.ConclusionsThe study demonstrates a significant decrease in HCV‐related mortality at the population level in Italy with the introduction of DAAs. Continuous monitoring of MCOD data is warranted to determine if this favourable trend will continue. Further studies utilizing additional health records are needed to clarify the role of other CLD etiologies.
Angiosperm flowers reached their highest morphological diversity early in their evolutionary history
Authors: López‐Martínez Andrea M. , Magallón Susana , von Balthazar Maria , Schönenberger Jürg , Sauquet Hervé , Chartier Marion 
Published: November 2023

Summary

Flowers are the complex and highly diverse reproductive structures of angiosperms. Because of their role in sexual reproduction, the evolution of flowers is tightly linked to angiosperm speciation and diversification. Accordingly, the quantification of floral morphological diversity (disparity) among angiosperm subgroups and through time may give important insights into the evolutionary history of angiosperms as a whole.

Based on a comprehensive dataset focusing on 30 characters describing floral structure across angiosperms, we used 1201 extant and 121 fossil flowers to measure floral disparity and explore patterns of floral evolution through time and across lineages.

We found that angiosperms reached their highest floral disparity in the Early Cretaceous. However, decreasing disparity toward the present likely has not precluded the innovation of other complex traits at other morphological levels, which likely played a key role in the outstanding angiosperm species richness.

Angiosperms occupy specific regions of the theoretical morphospace, indicating that only a portion of the possible floral trait combinations is observed in nature. The ANA grade, the magnoliids, and the early‐eudicot grade occupy large areas of the morphospace (higher disparity), whereas nested groups occupy narrower regions (lower disparity).
Geoeconomics geohistoricised
Authors: Sparke Matthew 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIntroducing a special commentary section focused on geoeconomics, this paper reviews why such commentary is especially timely given current world events and the break‐down in neoliberal globalisation. It thereby points to the geo‐historical importance of the call for critical geoeconomics made by Mallin and Sidaway (2023a), and also introduces the backgrounds of the five commentators on their article's key contributions.
On the genealogy of geoeconomics
Authors: Slobodian Quinn 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis commentary on Felix Mallin and James Sidaway's (2023) article on ‘Critical geoeconomics’ returns to the German Historical School of economics to recall their emphasis on geography, history and culture, but also their frequent advocacy for imperial expansion and colonial annexation. It revisits the divide between the Historical School's vision of the world economy and that of Austrian School marginalists and suggests that we can understand geoeconomics as the expression of a desire for sovereignty in an era of mutual interdependence.
On the Structure of Nil Graph of a Commutative Ring
Authors: Patra Kuntala , Begum Shazida 
Published: November 2023

Let R be a commutative ring and N(R) be the set of all non-zero nil elements of index two. The Nil Graph of R, denoted by Γ_N(R), is an undirected graph with the vertex set ZN(R)*={x ϵ R*| xy ϵ N(R) for some y in R*=R-{0}} and any two vertices of ZN(R)* are adjacent if and only if xy ϵ N(R). In this paper we determine the chromatic number of the nil graph Γ_N (Z_(p^\alpha q)) . Also we study the diameter and girth of Γ_N (Z_(p^\alpha q)).
An Extension of Segal Algebras
Authors: Yousofzadeh Akram 
Published: November 2023

In this paper we study a class of dense ideals in a locally convex algebra. The results concern the relationship between this concept and abstract Segal algebras, which introduced by Reiter in 1071. We define generalized Segal algebras and prove that a finite dimensional semisimple Banach algebra cannot be a proper generalized Segal algebra in a Frechet algebra. //
Viral metagenomics reveals diverse virus-host interactions throughout the soil depth profile
Authors: Muscatt George , Cook Ryan , Millard Andrew , Bending Gary D. , Jameson Eleanor 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT

Soil microbes play pivotal roles in global carbon cycling; however, the fundamental interactions between microbes and their infecting viruses remain unclear. This is exacerbated with soil depth, where the patterns of viral dispersal, ecology, and evolution are markedly underexplored. To investigate viral communities throughout the soil depth profile, we leveraged a publicly available metagenomic data set sampled from grassland soil in Northern California. In total, 10,196 non-redundant viral operational taxonomic units were recovered from soil between 20 cm and 115 cm below the surface. Viral prevalence was high throughout the soil depth profile, with viruses infecting dominant soil hosts, including
Actinomycetia
. Contrary to leading hypotheses, lysogeny did not dominate in the soil viral communities. Viral diversity was assessed at both the population level (i.e., macrodiversity) and strain level (i.e., microdiversity) to reveal diverse ecological and evolutionary patterns of virus-host interactions in surface and subsurface soils. Investigating viral microdiversity uncovered potential patterns of antagonistic co-evolution across both surface and subsurface soils. Furthermore, we have provided evidence for the potential of soil viruses to augment the remineralization of soil carbon. While we continue to yield a more comprehensive understanding of soil viral ecology, our work appeals to future researchers to further investigate subsurface viral communities.

IMPORTANCE
Soil viruses can moderate the roles that their host microbes play in global carbon cycling. However, given that most studies investigate the surface layer (i.e., top 20 cm) of soil, the extent to which this occurs in subsurface soil (i.e., below 20 cm) is unknown. Here, we leveraged public sequencing data to investigate the interactions between viruses and their hosts at soil depth intervals, down to 115 cm. While most viruses were detected throughout the soil depth profile, their adaptation to host microbes varied. Nonetheless, we uncovered evidence for the potential of soil viruses to encourage their hosts to recycle plant-derived carbon in both surface and subsurface soils. This work reasons that our understanding of soil viral functions requires us to continue to dig deeper and compare viruses existing throughout soil ecosystems.
Two
de novo
genome assemblies from pathogenic
Fusarium oxysporum
f. sp.
vasinfectum
race 4 (FOV4) isolates from California
Authors: Jobe Timothy O. , Ulloa Mauricio , Ellis Margaret L. 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT

Fusarium oxysporum
f. sp
. vasinfectum
race 4 (FOV4) is the most virulent cotton wilt pathogen in the United States. There is an urgent need for improved detection and diagnostics to combat the spread of FOV4. To help meet this challenge, we report the
de novo
assembly of two pathogenic isolates of FOV4 from California.
A widespread single amino acid mutation in AcrA reduces tigecycline susceptibility in
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Authors: Xu Yingchao , Wang Wenjia , Su Wenya , Wang Mingyu , Xu Hai , Zhang Xuhua , Li Ling 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT

Whole-genome sequencing of a clinical tigecycline non-susceptible
Klebsiella pneumoniae
strain reveals a novel T188A mutation in AcrA, raising awareness on its role in tigecycline resistance. Through structural analysis of AcrAB-TolC in
Escherichia coli
that is highly homologous to
K. pneumoniae
AcrAB-TolC
,
weaker hydrogen-bond interaction of the AcrA
A188
with lipoyl domain than AcrA
T188
was found, which may provide greater flexibility for substrate translocation. In order to explore the resistance mechanism of this mutation, wildtype and T188A mutant of
acrA
were cloned in pACYC184 and transformed into
acrA
deleted
K. pneumoniae
. Several experiments, including measurement of MICs for tigecycline, survival assays, and determination of intracellular tigecycline content, were performed and suggested that T188A mutation in AcrA led to increased tigecycline MIC, improved strain survival under tigecycline stress, and decreased intracellular tigecycline concentrations. Further examination of prevalence of this mutation showed its surprisingly wide presence, particularly in hypervirulent multidrug-resistant
K. pneumoniae
sequence types. These results support the role of T188A as a widespread AcrA mutation reducing tigecycline susceptibility in
K. pneumoniae
through increasing tigecycline efflux and improving tigecycline tolerance.

IMPORTANCE

Tigecycline, a glycecycline antibiotic with broad-spectrum activity against almost all Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, is a highly concerned “last-resort” antibiotic. In addition to plasmid-hosted mobile
tet
(X) conferring high-level resistance to tigecycline, there are many reports suggesting increased expression of AcrAB-TolC efflux pump leads to tigecycline non-susceptibility. However, the role of mutations in AcrAB-TolC on tigecycline resistance has not been identified. This study reports a novel T188A mutation of the AcrA subunit of AcrAB-TolC complex in a clinical tigecycline-resistant
Klebsiella pneumoniae
strain and reveals the role of AcrA mutation on tigecycline resistance in
K. pneumoniae
. High prevalence of A188 type AcrA in hypervirulent multidrug-resistant
K. pneumoniae
indicates that mutations of the AcrAB-TolC complex may play a larger role in determining bacterial pathogenesis and antibiotic susceptibility than previously expected.
When did the Indus River of South-Central Asia take on its “modern” drainage configuration?
Authors: Najman Yani , Zhuang Guangsheng , Carter Andrew , Gemignani Lorenzo , Millar Ian , Wijbrans Jan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
For sedimentary archives to be used as a record of hinterland evolution, the factors affecting the archive must be known. In addition to tectonics, a number of factors, such as changes in climate and paleodrainage, as well as the degree of diagenesis, influence basin sediments. The Indus River delta-fan system of South-Central Asia records a history of Himalayan evolution, and both the onshore and offshore sedimentary repositories have been studied extensively to research orogenesis. However, a number of unknowns remain regarding this system. This paper seeks to elucidate the paleodrainage of the Indus River, in particular when it took on its modern drainage configuration with respect to conjoinment of the main Himalayan (Punjabi) tributary system with the Indus trunk river. We leverage the fact that the Punjabi tributary system has a significantly different provenance signature than the main trunk Indus River, draining mainly the Indian plate. Therefore, after the Punjabi tributary system joined the Indus River, the proportion of Indian plate material in the repositories downstream of the confluence should have been higher than in the upstream repository. We compared bulk Sr-Nd data and detrital zircon U-Pb data from the Cenozoic upstream peripheral foreland basin and downstream Indus delta and Indus Fan repositories. We determined that throughout Neogene times, repositories below the confluence had a higher proportion of material from the Indian plate than those above the confluence. Therefore, we conclude that the Indus River took on its current configuration, with the Punjabi tributary system draining into the Indus trunk river in the Paleogene, early in the history of the orogen. The exact time when the tributary system joined the Indus should correlate with a shift to more Indian plate input in the downstream repositories only. While the upstream repository records no change in Indian plate input from Eocene to Neogene times, a shift to increased material from the Indian plate occurs at the Eocene–Oligocene boundary in the delta, but sometime between 50 Ma and 40 Ma in the fan. Though further work is required to understand the discrepancy between the two downstream repositories, we can conclude that the tributary system joined the Indus trunk river at or before the start of the Oligocene.
Garnet versus amphibole: Implications for magmatic differentiation and slab melting
Authors: Gao Yajie , O’Neill Hugh St. C. , Mavrogenes John A. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The garnet signature in the rare earth element (REE) abundances in adakites has been considered a key genetic indicator of these controversial rocks, whose proposed origins include direct melting of subducted oceanic crust (“slab melts”). We show that the garnet signature may be quantified using the shape coefficients of chondrite-normalized REE patterns. We applied this method to a global data set of Cenozoic and Quaternary volcanic samples described as “adakites.” The results indicate that many, but not all, suites of rocks labeled as adakites have undergone fractional crystallization of garnet, starting from parental melts attributable to partial melts of garnet-bearing sources. The extreme garnet signatures seen in many examples require hybrid sources, consisting of subducted sediment as well as igneous oceanic crust; however, extensive deep-crustal differentiation obscures the major and trace-element characteristics of these sources, casting doubt on their identification as primitive slab melts.
“If I Were in Nature’s Place, I Would Do It Like This...” Life and Hypotheses of Alexey Olovnikov
Authors: Olovnikova Natalia I. , Olovnikov Ivan A. , Kalmykova Alla I. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this article, we commemorate the life and scientific journey of the brilliant gerontologist-theorist Alexey Olovnikov (1936-2022). In 1971, he published his famous “marginotomy” hypothesis, in which he predicted the replicative shortening of telomeres and its role as a counter of cell divisions and biological age of an organism. This work put forth several remarkable assumptions, including the existence of telomerase, which were confirmed two decades later. Despite this, Alexey Olovnikov moved further in his theoretical studies of aging and proposed a series of new hypotheses that seem no less exotic than the marginotomy hypothesis once appeared. Alexey Olovnikov had an extraordinary way of looking at biological problems and, in addition to aging, authored striking concepts about development, biorhythms, and evolution.
A Solitary Stalled 80S Ribosome Prevents mRNA Recruitment to Stress Granules
Authors: Fedorovskiy Artem G. , Burakov Anton V. , Terenin Ilya M. , Bykov Dmitry A. , Lashkevich Kseniya A. , Popenko Vladimir I. , Makarova Nadezhda E. , Sorokin Ivan I. , Sukhinina Anastasia P. , Prassolov Vladimir S. , Ivanov Pavel V. , Dmitriev Sergey E. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In response to stress stimuli, eukaryotic cells typically suppress protein synthesis. This leads to the release of mRNAs from polysomes, their condensation with RNA-binding proteins, and the formation of non-membrane-bound cytoplasmic compartments called stress granules (SGs). SGs contain 40S but generally lack 60S ribosomal subunits. It is known that cycloheximide, emetine, and anisomycin, the ribosome inhibitors that block the progression of 80S ribosomes along mRNA and stabilize polysomes, prevent SG assembly. Conversely, puromycin, which induces premature termination, releases mRNA from polysomes and stimulates the formation of SGs. The same effect is caused by some translation initiation inhibitors, which lead to polysome disassembly and the accumulation of mRNAs in the form of stalled 48S preinitiation complexes. Based on these and other data, it is believed that the trigger for SG formation is the presence of mRNA with extended ribosome-free segments, which tend to form condensates in the cell. In this study, we evaluated the ability of various small-molecule translation inhibitors to block or stimulate the assembly of SGs under conditions of severe oxidative stress induced by sodium arsenite. Contrary to expectations, we found that ribosome-targeting elongation inhibitors of a specific type, which arrest solitary 80S ribosomes at the beginning of the mRNA coding regions but do not interfere with all subsequent ribosomes in completing translation and leaving the transcripts (such as harringtonine, lactimidomycin, or T-2 toxin), completely prevent the formation of arsenite-induced SGs. These observations suggest that the presence of even a single 80S ribosome on mRNA is sufficient to prevent its recruitment into SGs, and the presence of extended ribosome-free regions of mRNA is not sufficient for SG formation. We propose that mRNA entry into SGs may be mediated by specific contacts between RNA-binding proteins and those regions on 40S subunits that remain inaccessible when ribosomes are associated.