bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nitroxide‐Mediated Radical Polymerization in Miniemulsion at Stationary State: Rationale for Independence of Polymerization Rate on Nitroxide Partitioning Using Oil‐Phase Initiation
Authors: Zetterlund Per B. , Okubo Masayoshi 
Published: August 2005

AbstractSummary: Simulations based on the kinetics and mechanism of nitroxide‐mediated free radical polymerization (NMP) have been carried out in order to understand the hitherto largely unexplained effects (or lack thereof) of nitroxide partitioning in aqueous miniemulsion NMP. The focus has been on the miniemulsion NMP of styrene mediated by TEMPO and 4‐hydroxy‐TEMPO, two nitroxides with very similar activation‐deactivation equilibria, but very different organic phase‐aqueous phase partition coefficients. The general conclusion is that the organic phase propagating radical and nitroxide concentrations are unaffected by the partition coefficient in the stationary state, but the rate of polymerization and the extent of bimolecular termination increase with increasing nitroxide water solubility in the pre‐stationary state region. Specific NMP systems are, therefore, affected differently by nitroxide partitioning depending on whether polymerization predominantly occurs in the stationary state or not, which in turn is governed mainly by the activation‐deactivation equilibrium constant and the rate of thermal initiation.Simulated organic‐phase propagating radical concentrations in the presence of thermal initiation for TEMPO‐mediated miniemulsion free radical polymerization of styrene for different nitroxide partitioning coefficients at 125 °C.magnified imageSimulated organic‐phase propagating radical concentrations in the presence of thermal initiation for TEMPO‐mediated miniemulsion free radical polymerization of styrene for different nitroxide partitioning coefficients at 125 °C.
Utility of ultrasound stimulation for activation of pig oocytes matured in vitro
Authors: Sato Keisuke , Yoshida Mitsutoshi , Miyoshi Kazuchika 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe present study was carried out to examine the development of pig oocytes after exposing to ultrasound under various conditions. When oocytes were exposed to ultrasound in the sorbitol medium, the blastocyst formation rate was significantly (P < 0.01) higher than that of oocytes exposed in HEPES–TLP–PVA. Optison, an echo‐contrast microbubble, prevented the development into blastocysts of oocytes exposed to ultrasound in the sorbitol medium (P < 0.01). The mean number of cells in the blastocysts developed from oocytes exposed to ultrasound with 10% duty cycle was significantly (P < 0.05) higher than that obtained by using ultrasound with 50% duty cycle. The blastocyst formation rate of oocytes exposed to ultrasound for 30 sec was significantly (P < 0.05) higher than that exposed for 10 sec. There were no significant differences in the rates of oocytes developed to the blastocyst stage and the mean numbers of cells in the blastocysts among different intensities of ultrasound. The pronuclear formation and second polar body extrusion rates of oocytes exposed to ultrasound did not differ from eclectically activated oocytes. Although there was no significant difference in the blastocyst formation rates between different activation methods, the mean number of cells in the blastocysts developed from oocytes activated by exposing to ultrasound was significantly (P < 0.05) higher than that obtained by applying electric pulses. The results of the present study showed that ultrasound stimulation can induce the nuclear activation and parthenogenetic development of pig oocytes matured in vitro. Mol. Reprod. Dev. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Predictors of noninvasive ventilation tolerance in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Gruis K. L. , Brown D. L. , Schoennemann A. , Zebarah V. A. , Feldman E. L. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractNoninvasive ventilation (NIV) appears to improve survival and quality of life in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), but little is known about predictors of NIV tolerance. NIV use was assessed and clinical predictors of tolerance were investigated, using predictive modeling, in ALS patients diagnosed and followed in our clinic until death over a 4‐year time period. Patients were prescribed NIV based on current practice parameters when respiratory symptoms were present or forced vital capacity was less than 50%. We prescribed NIV in 52% (72) of patients. For those prescribed NIV, information regarding tolerance was available for 50 patients, with 72% (36) tolerant to its use. Tolerance was six times more likely in limb‐onset than bulbar‐onset ALS patients, with a trend toward reduced tolerance in those with lower forced vital capacity at NIV initiation. Age, gender, and duration of disease were not predictors of NIV tolerance. We conclude that a majority of ALS patients who are prescribed NIV can successfully become tolerant to its use. Muscle Nerve, 2005
Myasthenia gravis and myasthenic syndrome: Simulation of twitch strength with or without therapy
Authors: Nigrovic Vladimir , Amann Anton , Bhatt Shashi 
Published: August 2005

AbstractTo examine the quantitative relationship between indirectly evoked twitch and decreases in the number of either postsynaptic receptors or acetylcholine molecules released by a single stimulus, we studied these variables in a computer‐simulated model of neuromuscular transmission. Twitch strength decreased if the number of receptors decreased to below 30% of normal or the number of acetylcholine molecules released by a stimulus decreased to below 80%. Inhibition of acetylcholine hydrolysis to 50% restored twitch strength in the presence of a decreased number of receptors. However, twitch strength was more easily restored to normalcy by augmenting the release of acetylcholine, if the release was diminished by disease. The simulations mimic the clinically known therapeutic outcomes in certain disorders of neuromuscular transmission. These results provide useful quantitative insights into the relationship between acetylcholine receptors or the stimulus‐induced release of acetylcholine and muscle function in myasthenia gravis or Lambert–Eaton myasthenic syndrome. Muscle Nerve, 2005
Identification of immunodominant autoantigens in rat autoimmune orchitis
Authors: Fijak Monika , Iosub Radu , Schneider Eva , Linder Monika , Respondek Kathrin , Klug Jörg , Meinhardt Andreas 
Published: August 2005

AbstractInfection and inflammation of the genital tract are amongst the leading causes of male infertility. Experimental autoimmune orchitis (EAO) in the rat serves as a model for the investigation of inflammatory testicular impairment. In this study, experiments were conducted to identify the molecules that are responsible for eliciting the autoimmune attack on the testis. EAO was induced in in‐bred Wistar rats by active immunization with testis homogenates (EAO group I). Development of disease was observed using histological techniques and a new non‐invasive three‐dimensional (3D) imaging technology for in vivo monitoring, termed flat‐panel volumetric computed tomography (fpvCT). Examination of control and EAO testes demonstrated the superior image quality of high‐resolution fpvCT. A proteomics approach using 2D SDS‐PAGE and immunoblotting analysis with EAO sera identified 12 spots. Seven were subsequently identified by mass spectrometry as heat shock proteins 60 (Hsp60) and 70 (Hsp70), disulphide isomerase ER‐60, alpha‐1‐anti‐trypsin, heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein H1 (hnRNP H1), sperm outer dense fibre major protein 2 (ODF‐2), and phosphoglycerate kinase 1. Hsp70, ODF‐2, hnRNP H1, and ER‐60 were identified by all EAO sera studied. To test the capacity of the identified proteins to elicit testicular autoimmune disease, recombinant proteins were used either individually or in combination to immunize rats (EAO group II). In all groups, the incidence of EAO was 25%. Inflammatory‐type (ED1+) and resident (ED2+) macrophages, lymphocytes (CD45RA+), and dendritic cells (Ox‐62+) were strongly increased in EAO group II animals, comparable to the testes of EAO I rats. Pre‐immunization with a low dose of recombinant Hsp 70, hnRNP H1 or ODF‐2 before induction of EAO with testis homogenate significantly delayed the onset of EAO but could not prevent disease. The identification of testicular autoantigens will allow a better understanding of disease pathogenesis and could provide a basis for the development of novel therapies for inflammation‐based male infertility. Copyright © 2005 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of aging time on properties of acrylic impact modifier modified bisphenol A polycarbonate
Authors: Tan Z. Y. , Sun S. L. , Xu X. F. , Zhou C. , Ao Y. H. , Zhang H. X. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractPolycarbonate (PC) was blended with acrylic impact modifiers (AIMs). The effects of modifiers weight fraction on the Izod impact strength and yield strength of PC/AIM blends were investigated. The samples with 4% modifiers were aged under the Tg of PC in an air‐circulating oven, and the effects of aging time on impact strength, yield strength, modulus, elongation at break, post yield stress drop (PYSD) values, and morphology of fracture surface were investigated. The effects of aging time on the shape of stress–strain curve were also investigated. The aged samples were heat‐treated over the Tg of PC to erase the effects of physical aging. It was found that the drop of impact strength caused by physical aging can be recovered, the increment of yield strength and PYSD value caused by physical aging can only be partly recovered, and the heat‐treatment over the Tg of PC caused further increment of modulus. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 43: 2715–2724, 2005
Support of decision making by data mining using neural system
Authors: Okuhara Koji , Ishii Hiroaki , Uchida Makoto 
Published: August 2005

AbstractIn this paper, the environmental factors surrounding fruit trees are used as the explanatory variables, and the factors concerning the quality of the agricultural produce are used as the explained variables. The observed data are analyzed. The object of analysis is the Onshu orange (mandarin orange). The purposes of this paper are analysis of the effect of environmental factors on product quality, the target value settings for the controllable environmental factors in order to produce high‐quality products, and evaluation of the cultivation environment for each item. A system for data analysis is proposed which extracts the useful information for the decision‐making such as cultivation management, as well as harvest/shipping planning, from the observed data. The system uses a probabilistic neural network and learns the mapping from the describing variables consisting of observed data to the explained variables. By superposing the acquired knowledge, inverse modeling can be performed. It is shown that by using the proposed system, multivariate nonlinear inverse mapping can be realized instead of the linear inverse regression estimation used in conventional single regression analysis. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Comp Jpn, 36(11): 102–110, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/scj.10577
Flow analysis of internet traffic: World Wide Web versus peer‐to‐peer
Authors: Mori Tatsuya , Uchida Masato , Goto Shigeki 
Published: August 2005

AbstractPeer‐to‐peer (P2P) applications have been expanding rapidly in recent years, and the contribution of P2P to present Internet traffic is close to that of the World Wide Web (WWW). In this study, the flow of WWW and P2P traffic is analyzed by network measurement. The characteristics of WWW and P2P are examined, especially in terms of the flow arrival interval, flow duration, flow size, and flow rate. Based on the results of the analysis, the effect of a P2P flow increase on the overall traffic characteristics is investigated. The results of this study will be utilized in network design, proposals for control procedures, and traffic modeling, considering the traffic characteristics of particular applications. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Comp Jpn, 36(11): 70–81, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/scj.20283
A performance model for biometrics identification systems
Authors: Maeda Takuji , Matsushita Masahito , Sasakawa Koichi 
Published: August 2005

AbstractWhen creating a biometrics identification system, it is important to verify that the estimated performance for the system satisfies the target performance for the required matching precision and response speed. As a result, a model that can quantitatively assess the performance of the identification system is essential. The performance of an identification system using identification (one‐to‐many matching) is different from the performance of an identification system using one‐to‐one matching. Performance varies not only with the rate of false nonmatches and the rate of false matches, but also with the distribution of the number of searches and the number of search interruptions. In this paper, the authors create a model to assess performance in a matching system overall. In addition, by applying to a matching performance model the search matching algorithm (high‐speed) proposed by the authors and a general linear search algorithm, the authors are able to clarify the effects on search matching precision of the distribution of the number of searches, the number of search interruptions, and the number of registration data records. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Comp Jpn, 36(11): 60–69, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/scj.20310
Mobile agent system for Web service integration in pervasive network
Authors: Ishikawa Fuyuki , Yoshioka Nobukazu , Honiden Shinichi 
Published: August 2005

AbstractEfforts to realize Web service technology for dynamic integration of distributed components have been started. There is also a proposal for a language that describes the integration flow in a platform‐independent form. It is expected that Web service integration will be applied not only to the Internet, but also to various environments such as pervasive networks composed of mobile devices with wireless connections. In the latter case, it is necessary to deal with resource saving problems such as those that arise in a relatively low speed and unstable wireless channel. This study applies the mobile agent technique to the above problem and proposes a mobile agent system for Web service integration. In the proposed system, the physical actions of the mobile agents, that is, migration and cloning, are separated from the integration logic, and are represented as rules to be added to the integration flow description. By this separation, the physical behavior can be added or modified according to environmental conditions without modifying the integration flow. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Comp Jpn, 36(11): 34–48, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/scj.20334
Gastric Cancer Precursor Lesions and Helicobacter pylori Infection in Patients with Partial Gastrectomy for Peptic Ulcer
Authors: Giuliani Andrea , Caporale Alessandro , Demoro Martino , Benvenuto Eugenio , Scarpini Massimo , Spada Sebastiano , Angelico Francesco 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe mucosa of the gastric stump is considered at greater risk of dysplastic and neoplastic changes than that of the intact stomach. The combination of enteric reflux and Helicobacter pylori infection may have a synergistic damaging effect on the mucosa of the gastric remnant, both producing and increasing mucosal proliferation. The aim of this study was to assess whether the occurrence of H. pylori infection in the remnant mucosa of partially gastrectomized subjects for peptic ulcer disease is associated with an increase of the mucosal precursor lesions of malignancy. A series of 151 subjects who underwent partial gastrectomy for peptic ulcer disease were submitted to upper digestive endoscopy for long‐term surveillance. Biopsy specimens of the gastric stump were tested for the occurrence of H. pylori infection and for the presence of precancerous mucosal lesions. The prevalence of H. pylori colonization in the remnant stomach was less than 30% and similar in subjects with different time intervals between gastrectomy and endoscopy. Age at surgery (χ2: p = 0.03) and H. pylori infection (χ2: p = 0.002) were significantly associated with the grading of mucosal lesions. The prevalence of normal mucosa was 10 times higher in H. pylori‐negative patients as in H. pylori‐positive ones (22.0% vs. 2.4%), and the prevalence of intestinal metaplasia was four times higher in H. pylori‐positive patients than in H. pylori‐negative ones (19.6% vs. 4.6%). We concluded that H. pylori infection may play a causal role in the development of gastric lesions in the operated stomach.
Population ecology of the endangered butterfliesMaculinea teleiusandM. nausithousand the implications for conservation
Authors: Nowicki Piotr , Witek Madgalena , Skórka Piotr , Settele Josef , Woyciechowski Michal 
Published: August 2005

AbstractButterflies of the genusMaculineaare highly endangered in Europe. The cuckoo speciesM. rebelihas been thoroughly investigated through both empirical and modelling studies, but less is known about the population ecology of predatoryMaculinea. We present the findings of a 2‐year research study on sympatric populations of two endangered butterflies:Maculinea teleiusandM. nausithousin the Kraków region, southern Poland. The study comprised mark–release–recapture sampling and laboratory rearing of butterflies from larvae collected in the field. For both species the sex ratio was slightly, but consistently, female‐biased and there was little year‐to‐year change in the seasonal population sizes. Daily numbers showed greater variation between the 2 years of the study due to the differences in daily survival rate. The average life span of laboratory‐raised butterflies kept in ideal conditions was more than 6 days, compared to only 2–3 days in the field. The recruitment of both males and females consistently followed a bimodal pattern. A small proportion of individuals (maximum 25%) changed sites, in spite of relatively short distances of ca. 100 m separating them. The results indicate that populations of both species are typically stable within their sites, possibly due to larval polymorphism, but there is little inter‐site mobility and thus landscape corridors seem necessary to enhance metapopulation viability. A further problem to be considered in the conservation ofMaculineabutterflies is the fact that their very short life span in relation to flight‐period length reduces the effective population size.
Where does male‐to‐male “aggression” compromise “cooperation”?
Authors: Saito Yutaka , Mori Kotaro 
Published: August 2005

AbstractWe discuss how the diverse nature of aggression and cooperation can be understood if we focus our attention on where aggression reaches a compromise with non‐aggression and/or cooperation in response to the relatedness between interactors. First we address whether Hamilton's rule explains the variation in male‐to‐male aggressiveness. Next we show that the variation in aggression and cooperation known in males of social spider mites (Saito, Evolution 49:413–417,1995) can be explained by the change in relatedness (i.e. inclusive fitness) and effect of cooperative defence (synergistic effect). Then we learn that there is a sufficient condition of cooperation, which is determined primarily by two factors: the relatedness and synergistic effect of males. Furthermore, we expect that there is a condition where the aggression between males varies, depending upon how close the values of relatedness are to those of the sufficient condition of cooperation.
A vegetation change during a 20‐year period following two continuous disturbances (mass‐dieback of pine trees and typhoon damage) in the Pinus‐Schima secondary forest on Chichijima in the Ogasawara (Bonin) Islands: which won, advanced saplings or new seedlings?
Authors: Shimizu Yoshikazu 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThree permanent plots (P1, P2, and P3) were established in the Pinus luchuensis‐Schima mertensiana forest on Chichijima in the Ogasawara Islands. The complete process of the mass‐dieback of the pine trees in the early 1980s and the consequences of the typhoon damage in 1983 were surveyed for 20 years (1980–1999) together with the vegetation recovery following these disturbances. The stem height and the growth condition of all the seedlings and saplings (P1: 1,632, P2: 1,681, and P3: 931) were recorded, and the relative light intensity and the weight of the A0 layer were measured each year. Dead pine trees fell down and rotted gradually. In P1 and P2, the 1983 typhoon inflicted extensive damage to the canopy; the gap area ratio in the canopy was 60.1% and 58.1%, respectively. Trema orientalis seedlings emerged from buried seed concurrently in 1984, but they almost all died within a few years in P2. Many seedlings of S. mertensiana germinated in 1985 and 1986 in P1 and P2, and Psidium cattleianum (an introduced species) followed, especially in P2. Psidium attained a dominant position in the canopy of P2 as a result of the disturbances. In contrast, the structure and composition of the forest in P3, which consisted of emergent trees of Casuarina equisetifolia, did not change to any large extent. All of the individuals found in the plots, with the exception of the parent trees, were classified as advanced saplings (existing from 1980) and new seedlings (germinated during the survey period), and survival rates at 1, 10, and 20 years and growth following the disturbances were compared between them. By 1999, the advanced saplings, but not the new seedlings, overwhelmingly occupied the vacant spaces created in the canopy. Some seedlings became new advanced saplings following the disturbances. Based on these results, a two‐step regeneration model that is related to the disturbances is proposed.
Guided self-help for bulimia nervosa in primary care: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: BANASIAK SUSAN J. , PAXTON SUSAN J. , HAY PHILLIPA 
Published: August 2005

Background. To increase access to cognitive behavioural therapy for bulimia nervosa new delivery modes are being examined. Guided Self-Help (GSH) in primary care is potentially valuable in this respect. This research aimed to compare outcomes following GSH delivered by general practitioners (GPs) in the normal course of their practice to a delayed treatment control (DTC) condition, and to examine the maintenance of treatment gains at 3 and 6 months following completion of GSH.Method. Participants were 109 women with full syndrome or sub-threshold bulimia nervosa, randomly allocated to GSH (n=54) and DTC (n=55). The GSH group received direction and support from a GP over a 17-week period while working through the manual in Bulimia Nervosa and Binge-Eating: A Guide to Recovery by P. J. Cooper (1995). GSH and DTC groups were assessed pre-treatment and 1 week following the 17-week intervention or waiting interval. The GSH group was reassessed at 3- and 6-month follow-up.Results. Intention-to-treat analyses at end of treatment revealed significant improvements in bulimic and psychological symptoms in GSH compared with DTC, reduction in mean frequency of binge-eating episodes by 60% in GSH and 6% in DTC, and remission from all binge-eating and compensatory behaviours in 28% of the GSH and 11% of the DTC sample. Treatment gains were maintained at 3- and 6-month follow-up.Conclusion. Outcomes in GSH compare favourably with those of specialist-delivered psychological treatments. These findings are considered in light of the nature of the therapy offered and the primary care context.