bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spiritualized Symptoms
Authors: Graziano Frank 
Published: March 2005

Abstract
The practices of and circumstances conducive to mysticism are considered in their relation to psychopathology. The discussion begins with consideration of the relation between Rose and her mother, and how this dynamic of absolute submission later characterized Rose’s relation to Christ. A section on traumatic reliving then reveals how the illnesses, accidents, painful cures, and punishments of Rose of Lima’s childhood were later mastered and symbolically repeated as her saintly submission to pain, now self-inflicted, assumed new meanings. Love as suffering and the erotics of mortification are considered in depth, as are religious delusions and the absence of mysticism’s love object, Christ the Bridegroom. Throughout the discussion mysticism is compared to a range of modern disorders, including masochism, anorexia nervosa, depression, self-injurious behavior, conversion disorders (hysteria), and schizophrenia.
The Purgatory of Love
Authors: Graziano Frank 
Published: March 2005

Abstract
Discusses the wound in Christ’s side as a breast where nourishment and eroticism interact dynamically, including examples from the lives of Catherine of Siena, Maria Maddalena de’Pazzi, Angela of Foligno, and Marguerite-Marie Alacoque, in addition to Rose of Lima. Flames of passion and wounds of love are then analyzed, including Teresa of Avila’s transverberation and the Mercedes graphics produced by Rose of Lima. The chapter concludes with an analysis of mystical marriage, in Rose’s life and generally, as a symbolic complex in which varied strategies of uniting with Christ–inedia, eucharistic devotion, erotic agony, unitive identification, and heart exchange, among others–are integrated into a comprehensive agenda.
The National Protest: Beginning in the Middle
Authors: Shea William M. 
Published: March 2005

Abstract
William Nevins wrote a series of essays against the Catholic Church in the midst of the first great outbreak of antipopery in America. It is argued that Nevins represents The Outline, the evangelical myth organized in doctrinal rather than narrative categories, fit to appear as a tightly argued and properly ordered bill of particulars against Catholicism. American evangelical polemic against Catholic belief displays all the characteristics of a “tradition”. The tradition imposes a table of contents and a supply of arguments that vary little from author to author, decade to decade, and century to century.
Chapels
Authors: Shevzov Vera 
Published: March 2005

Abstract
Chapels held a unique place in the ecclesial world of Orthodox laity in late imperial Russia. Lay persons built them to mark personal, local, or national events. Chapels were self-contained ecclesial spaces where the usual hierarchical ordering of clergy and laity was not a dominant feature. They enabled lay persons to exercise their sense of responsibility for their faith, and actively share their identification with that historical faith that they felt as their own.
The Difference Ecology Makes
Authors: Wirzba Norman 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThis chapter charts the development of ecology as a science and then highlights the cultural and educational significance of this way of thinking. The career of Aldo Leopold is considered in order to show the transformation in thought necessary for a more robust environmentalism. The foundations are also laid for an ecological ethic, a garden aesthetic, and a conversation between religion and ecology around the topic of death.
Conclusion
Authors: Wirzba Norman 
Published: March 2005

AbstractGiven the wholeness of membership that creation itself is, an environmentalism is proposed that does not take us out of nature but places us more responsibly within it. Practical suggestions are offered that will strengthen our identities and vocations as creatures made by God to serve the well-being of the whole creation. Our challenge is to design communities and construct built environments that will reflect God’s justice and peace.
The Option for the Poor and the Exclusion of Women
Authors: Vuola Elina 
Published: March 2005

Abstract
The author calls upon liberation theology to undertake a critical dialogue with postmodernism and feminism, a dialogue which would take a critical look at how the preferential option for the poor has excluded some voices, especially those of poor women. The author discusses developments inthe understanding of the preferential option as well as the role of academic liberation theologians. The concept of the option for the poor has been both too general and too narrow to include the multiplicity of situations in which the poor live. Through a critical dialogue with postmodernism and feminism, liberation theology should gain a deeper understanding of the poor as gendered, sexual, and reproductive beings.
The Necessity of Finite Modes and Geometrical Containment in Spinoza's Metaphysics
Authors: Huenemann Charles 
Published: March 2005

Abstract
This essay argues that Spinoza believed that each finite mode is absolutely necessitated by God's nature and is causally necessitated by the laws of nature in conjunction with other finite modes. A geometrical analogy from Part 2 of the Ethics is employed in order to give a more suggestive account of the ways in which all things are necessary, according to Spinoza.
The Purification of Mary, or Candlemas
Authors: Kreitzer Beth 
Published: March 2005

Abstract
This chapter explores Lutheran sermons on the text on Mary’s Purification. The picture of Mary that emerges is one of subordination: she is humble and obedient to a law of which she is free; she is willing to be thought of as impure and in need of purification, despite her true purity as virgin; even in the prophecy of her pain and suffering at the death of her son, she is subordinate. Lutheran preachers try to shape unwieldy feminine images into the “proper” picture of the pious Christian woman, struggling to translate these exceptional figures from another time and culture into role models to which their audience could relate.
buddha nature
Authors: Slone D. Jason 
Published: March 2005

AbstractReligious thought involves the presumption that superhuman agents exist, while theology involves postulations about these agents. This dual feature of religion seems to apply across the board. However, one religious system, Theravada Buddhism of South and Southeast Asia appears to challenge this assumption. It is argued that Buddhists are not passive recipients but active participants in Buddhism. Thus, Buddhism is the same as other religions because its members share the same cognitive equipment as members of other religions.
Sentimental Rules
Authors: Nichols Shaun 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThis volume develops a new account of the nature of moral judgment. Evidence from developmental psychology and psychopathologies suggests that emotions play a crucial role in normal moral judgment. This indicates that philosophical accounts of moral judgment that eschew the emotions are mistaken. However, the volume also argues that prevailing philosophical accounts that embrace a role for the emotions are also mistaken. The empirical work points to a quite different account of moral judgment than philosophers have considered, an account in which normative rules and emotions make independent contributions to moral judgment. Further, the volume argues that the emotions play an important role in the normative rules that get fixed in the culture. The history of norms indicates that norms that resonate with our emotions are more likely to survive.
Sparks of Benevolence
Authors: Nichols Shaun 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThis chapter explores in detail the nature of the affective response to suffering in others. Humans exhibit importantly different kinds of response, each of which apparently emerges fairly early in development. The psychological underpinnings of altruistic motivation are especially complex, and the chapter argues that altruistic motivation depends on a basic affective system, a “Concern Mechanism,” which requires only a minimal capacity for understanding other minds.
Philosophical Sentimentalism
Authors: Nichols Shaun 
Published: March 2005

AbstractAccording to the influential sentimentalist tradition in moral philosophy, moral judgment is grounded in affective response. On Allan Gibbard’s prominent contemporary version of this view, he maintains that to judge an action wrong is to judge that it would be appropriate to feel guilt on doing the action. In this chapter, evidence from developmental psychology is brought against this sentimentalist theory. The capacity for moral judgment emerges quite early, apparently well before the capacity to attribute guilt or other moral emotions. The evidence thus suggests that this capacity for moral judgment cannot be captured by accounts which identify the capacity for moral judgment with the capacity to judge that guilt is normatively appropriate.
A Fragment of the Genealogy of Norms
Authors: Nichols Shaun 
Published: March 2005

AbstractOne explanation for why the norms we have are closely connected to our emotions is that our norms are intrinsically connected to our emotions. This chapter develops the alternative idea that our emotions played a historical role in shaping which norms prevailed. The central thesis is that emotional responses constitute one important set of mechanisms that affects the cultural viability of norms. Norms that “resonate” with our emotional repertoire will be more likely to survive than other norms. This is corroborated by historical evidence indicating that 16th-century etiquette norms prohibiting disgusting actions were much more likely to survive than other 16th-century etiquette norms.
Commonsense Objectivism and the Persistence of Moral Judgment
Authors: Nichols Shaun 
Published: March 2005

AbstractMany philosophers maintain that common sense is committed to a kind of moral objectivism. This chapter exploits recent empirical work to defend this claim. The chapter also maintains that the account of moral judgment developed in the volume contributes to a familiar Humean argument against moral objectivism. However, even if the commonsense commitment to moral objectivity is wrong, that does not immediately lead to an “error theory” according to which all commonsense moral judgments are false since they all presuppose objectivity. Rather, there are fundamental questions in the philosophy of mind that need to be settled before we can determine whether error theory follows. In any case, recent evidence suggests that many of the central characteristics of moral judgment can be preserved in the absence of a commitment to objectivity.
Power in Nature
Authors: Cooke Bernard 
Published: March 2005

Abstract
Humans’ earliest experience of power came with their exposure to the forces of nature: storms, floods, and the heat of the sun. Above all, humans have encountered the power of life in the world around them and in their own vitality and quest for physical survival. In a special way, humans have attempted to understand the power of their own sexuality. With the advent of modern science, humans have discovered even more the immense power at work in the universe. This raises the question of divine creation and the intrinsic teleology of the universe, of the Spirit/Power of God, and of the purpose of human existence.
The Power of Ritual
Authors: Cooke Bernard 
Published: March 2005

Abstract
Humans constantly ritualize their worldview, give ritual expression to their individual and group identities, thereby form and shape communities, and establish power alignments within a group. Causative relation of ritualizing to a group's ideology and purpose. Early Christian association of Spirit of God with rituals, animating and empowering them to effect community. Eucharistic celebration understood as central Christian ritual, not as spectacle, that effects divine transforming presence in the Spirit.
On Economic Inequality
Authors: Sen Amartya , Foster James 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThis book, which was first published in 1973, presents a systematic treatment of the conceptual framework as well as the practical problems of the measurement of economic inequality. Alternative approaches are evaluated in terms of their philosophical assumptions, economic content, and statistical requirements. In a new annexe added in 1997, which is as large as the original book, Amartya Sen, jointly with James Foster, critically surveys the literature that followed the publication of the first edition of the book, and evaluates the main analytical issues in the appraisal of economic inequality and poverty. The technical and non‐technical sections of the book are not presented separately, but it is possible to skip or skim through the formal sections and go directly from the intuitive presentation of the axioms to the intuitive explanation of the results.
Inequality as a Quasi‐Ordering
Authors: Sen Amartya 
Published: March 2005

AbstractIt is argued that the difficulty of using the positive and normative measures of inequality described in the previous chapter arises from the fact that they are ‘complete’ measures. Each of these measures may give absurd results, because they aim to give a complete‐ordering representation to a concept that is essentially one of partial ranking. Hence, a weakening of the inequality measures to a mixture of partly descriptive and partly normative considerations is proposed. A number of reasons for taking inequality rankings as quasi‐orderings rather than complete orderings are suggested.
7 Multiple Equilibria and Bootstrapping Performance
Authors: Brennan Geoffrey , Pettit Philip 
Published: March 2005

AbstractSometimes esteem (or disesteem) is assigned by reference not to quality of performance but rather to whether the actor has acted in accordance with some norm. Feedback effects can arise in this case as well, because the amount of esteem/disesteem assigned for compliance/non-compliance is likely to be a function of the number of conformers. Equilibrium analysis is undertaken for this case. A distinctive feature is that there are likely to be two possible stable equilibria: one a positive esteem, low-compliance equilibrium and the other a disesteem, high compliance equilibrium. The multiple equilibria property raises the question of ‘boot strapping’ from the lower to the higher equilibrium. We investigate that possibility in the context of a more general comparative static analysis.
Introduction
Authors: Montgomery Kathleen A. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThis introductory chapter begins with a discussion on the relationship between democratization and women’s access to political power in post-communist systems, and gender equality in politics. It then describes the general framework model on legislative recruitment that will be applied in the 12 case studies on female legislative representation in post-communist Europe featured in the volume. An overview of the cases, and their conclusions are presented.
Women's Representation in Germany: A Comparison of East and West
Authors: Bay Brzinski Joanne 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThis chapter examines women’s representation in East and West Germany. The variables that explain when and where women achieve representation work as well in the East as in the West. In both regions, proportional party lists produce more women deputies than single member districts. Each party tends to elect similar numbers of women in both regions, suggesting that party recruitment and election policies have similar effect in both regions.
Weak Mobilization, Hidden Majoritarianism, and Resurgence of the Right: A Recipe for Female Under-Representation in Hungary
Authors: Montgomery Kathleen A. , Ilonszki Gabriella 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThis chapter explores the under-representation of women in post-communist Hungary. Female under-representation is attributed to a combination of electoral, cultural and party system factors. Women fare best when non-rightist parties are able to engage in ticket-balance strategies. The built-in majoritarian bias of the Hungarian electoral system discourages party gatekeepers from become pro-active in female recruitment.
Electoral Systems and Women's Representation: The Strange Case of Russia
Authors: Moser Robert G. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThis chapter explores the representation of women in Russia’s mixed electoral system. Cultural attitudes and weak demand for female candidates have discouraged Russian parties from nominating women in winnable positions. A combination of institutional rules, party fragmentation, and communist legacies have closed some doors to representation in the closed party-list proportional representation contest, but provided other opportunities in single-member districts for women.
Czech Political Parties Prefer Male Candidates to Female Votes
Authors: Saxonberg Steven 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThis chapter examines the reasons behind low female representation in the Czech parliament. It is argued that the nominating process is the biggest obstacle faced by female politicians. The absence of a strong women’s movement causes parties that decide on how to balance the tickets to prioritise regional balance instead. Another reason is the lack of transparency in the nomination process of political parties, which tends to undermine female, minority, and other groups outside of the power structure.
On the Origin of Truth Values
Authors: Maudlin Tim 
Published: March 2005

Abstract
The formal language developed in ch. 1 is modelled as a directed graph with a boundary, and the problem of assigning truth values to sentences assimilated to a boundary‐value problem. A trivalent semantics, with true, false, and ungrounded sentences results. The nature of the third truth‐value imposes constraints on the possible truth‐functional connectives in the language.
The Permissibility Paradox
Authors: Maudlin Tim 
Published: March 2005

Abstract
The notion of a sentence that is permissible to assert spawns a new ‘paradox’: a sentence that says of itself that it is not permissible to assert. This appears to be a form of the revenge problem for solutions of the Liar paradox. The problematic sentences are shown to force a violation of a normative ideal, but to be otherwise unproblematic.
Introduction: Co‐ordinating National Action in Brussels
Authors: Kassim Hussein 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThe purpose of this Introduction to the book is to provide a point of reference and context for the eleven country studies that follow. It begins with a brief discussion of national co-ordination and why it matters to governments at the European level, and then outlines the tasks and difficulties that face national co-ordinators in Brussels, looking at the EU as a political system, and at its complex institutional structure (the Council of the Union, the European Parliament, the European Commission). The following section looks at the tasks that national co-ordinators are called to perform in routine policy-making, and identifies four phases: policy initiation, policy formulation, deliberation and decision; and implementation and enforcement. A brief section on ‘heroic’ decision-making by national governments follows, and then the matter of the emergence of an overall pattern in national co-ordination—of convergence or divergence—is considered. The next section looks at the effectiveness of national arrangements in Brussels, and the concluding one introduces the eleven country case studies.
Representing the United Kingdom in Brussels: The Fine Art of Positive Co‐ordination
Authors: Kassim Hussein 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThis chapter examines the co-ordination of UK policy in Brussels, starting by putting the institutions, procedures, and policies that the UK has put in place at the European level in the context of the UK’s strategic or ‘positive’ co-ordination ambition. It then focuses on the role of the UK permanent representation (UKREP) in the system. After briefly outlining its history, the internal organization of UKREP is described, with accounts of its policies relating to personnel (composition, recruitment), its internal processes and working methods, and its responsibilities, roles, and functions. An assessment is then made of the capacity and effectiveness both of UKREP specifically and of the UK co-ordination arrangements more generally. Two arguments are advanced: the first is that the factors that account for the UK’s exacting co-ordination ambition—principally, the centralized nature of its political system, scepticism towards the European project, and a preference for intergovernmentalism over supranationalism—also largely explain why it has been administratively efficient, but not politically effective, at the European level; the second argument relates to devolution, and makes the point that, on the present evidence, the creation of devolved governments in Scotland and Wales does not threaten the co-ordination strategy pursued by the UK since its accession to the European Communities, since despite institutional adjustments made by the devolved authorities, in Brussels UKREP retains its primacy.
Ministerial Government at the European Level: The Case of Austria
Authors: Müller Wolfgang C. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractAlthough this chapter touches on the long-term development of the Austrian permanent representation at Brussels (which dates back to the mid-1950s, when Austria had a mission for handling relations with the European Coal and Steel Community), it concentrates on the time since Austria has been a member of the European Union (1995). The first two sections deal with the organization and personnel of the permanent representation. The following section locates the permanent representation in the policy co-ordination process. A discussion follows of the limits to co-ordination that are inherent in the set-up of the Austrian institutions, and there is also a brief discussion of activities and strategies. The conclusion attempts to situate the empirical findings in the context of models of government.
Organized Equity Markets
Authors: Theissen Erik 
Published: March 2005

AbstractTries to assess the institutional structure and the current and past performance of the German equity markets. Information about market volumes and a description of the organisation, governance, and micro-structure are provided. Further discusses recent evidence on the operational efficiency and liquidity across various market segments, including specific issues like floor versus screen trading, the impact of specialists on market liquidity and transactions costs, and the role of anonymity in market organisation.
Corporate Governance in Germany: An Economic Perspective
Authors: Schmidt Reinhard H. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractAnalyses German corporate governance under the aspect of whether it was, and possibly still is, a consistent and economically efficient system composed of complementary elements. The author shows that it was, and still is, an insider-control system in which several influential stakeholder groups govern corporations according to the concept of stakeholder orientation. In recent years, several steps that aim at modernising the system have been taken. The system has indeed become more modern and shareholder-friendly, but also less consistent than it used to be. Moreover, so far the recent developments have not had the effect of transforming German corporate governance in a fundamental way and converting it into a capital market-oriented and outsider-control system.
Akrasia, Collective and Individual
Authors: Pettit Philip 
Published: March 2005

AbstractExamines what is necessary for a group to constitute an agent that can display akrasia, and what steps such a group might take to establish self‐control. The topic has some interest in itself, and the discussion suggests some lessons about how we should think of akrasia in the individual as well as in the collective case. Under the image that the lessons support, akrasia is a sort of constitutional disorder: a failure to achieve a unity projected in the avowal of agency. This image fits well with the constitutional model of the soul in Plato's Republic.