bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of vacuum packaging and sodium acetate on the shelf life of seer fish during iced storage
Authors: Rajesh R. , Ravi Shankar C. N. , Srinivasa Gopal T. K. , Varma P. R. G. 
Published: February 2003

AbstractThis paper gives in detail the changes occurring in vacuum‐packed seer fish (Scomberomorus guttatus) during ice storage. Seer fish steaks were packed in laminated pouches to study the effect of vacuum packaging with and without sodium acetate treatment, in comparison with air‐packed samples. All these samples were stored in ice and were subjected to biochemical, microbiological and sensory evaluation at regular intervals. The shelf life of seer fish steaks packed without vacuum and treatment was 21 days, whereas sodium acetate‐treated steaks without vacuum and untreated vacuum‐packed steaks had a shelf life of 31 days. Steaks with sodium acetate treatment and vacuum packing had a shelf life of 34 days. Based on the results, it is observed that a combination of vacuum packaging and treatment with sodium acetate significantly increases the storage life of seer fish in ice. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Properties of nisin‐incorporated polymer coatings as antimicrobial packaging materials
Authors: Kim Young‐Min , An Duck‐Soon , Park Hyun‐Jin , Park Jong‐Moon , Lee Dong Sun 
Published: February 2003

AbstractNisin was incorporated into binder solutions of acrylic polymer and vinyl acetate‐ethylene co‐polymer, and then coated on to paper. Diffusive migration of incorporated nisin and the antimicrobial activity of the polymer coatings were investigated in order to understand the way of controlling nisin migration and the extent of microbial suppression by the coated paper. Vinyl acetate–ethylene co‐polymer exhibited a faster rate and higher degree of migration into aqueous food simulant solutions compared to acrylic polymer, and also exhibited a higher degree of suppression against Micrococcus flavus ATCC 10240 inoculated into the microbial medium. Addition of NaCl, sugar and citric acid to water significantly reduced the rate of diffusion of nisin in the case of acrylic polymer, while only slight change was observed due to the additive for vinyl acetate‐ethylene co‐polymer. The simulant type slightly affected the equilibrated migration level of nisin. When the nisin‐incorporated coatings were in contact with pasteurized milk and orange juice at 10°C, significant suppression of total aerobic bacteria and yeasts was observed without any noticeable difference between the two types of coatings. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Influence of high‐pressure processing on selected polymeric materials and on the migration of a pressure‐transmitting fluid
Authors: Schauwecker A. , Balasubramaniam V. M. , Sadler G. , Pascall M. A. , Adhikari C. 
Published: February 2003

AbstractThis study investigated the migration of 1,2‐propanediol (PG) through selected food packaging films exposed to high‐pressure processing (HPP). Pouches made from these materials were filled with 95% ethanol as a food‐simulating liquid. These packages were then processed using a pilot‐scale high‐pressure food processor at 400, 600 and 827 MPa and 30, 50 and 75°C for 10 min. Controls were processed at similar temperatures and times, but at atmospheric pressure. To investigate any structural changes to these films during HPP, water was used as the food simulant at temperatures of 30, 75, 85, 90 and 95°C and at pressures of 200, 400, 690 and 827 MPa. No detectable PG migration into the polyester/nylon/aluminium (Al) polypropylene (PP) meal‐ready‐to eat (MRE)‐type pouches was observed. PG migration into the nylon/ethylene vinyl alcohol (EVOH)/PE (EVOH) pouches was similar at 30, 50 and 75°C after 10 min under atmospheric pressure. However, PG migration into the EVOH pouches significantly decreased when treated with high pressure at 30, 50 and 75°C. At 75 and 50°C, the PG migration was significantly higher than the amounts detected at 30°C. Visible signs of delamination between the polypropylene (PP) and aluminum (Al) layers were observed in the MRE pouches processed at ≥200 MPa and 90°C for 10 min. This delamination appeared to occur between the PP and Al layers. The differential scanning calorimetric analyses and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra were similar for the high‐pressure treated pouches when compared to their respective controls. This indicated that there were no HPP‐induced molecular changes to the treated pouches. Results from this study should be useful to HPP users for predicting PG migration trends and in deciding the selection of appropriate packaging materials for use under similar processing conditions. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dropping damage boundary curves for cubic and tangent package cushioning systems
Authors: Wang Zhi‐Wei 
Published: February 2003

AbstractThe fatigue damage of most packaged products is caused by dropping shock in transportation. The concept of the dropping damage boundary curve is therefore very important in the design of a package cushioning system. This paper investigates the dropping shock equations and dropping damage boundary curves for cubic and tangent package cushioning systems. The results obtained in the present paper and the author's previous paper compose the complete description of product dropping damage for linear and typical non‐linear package cushioning systems. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Excitation techniques for resonance analysis of packages
Authors: Rouillard Vincent 
Published: February 2003

AbstractThis paper discusses the advantages and drawbacks of various excitation techniques used to detect the vibration transmissibility characteristics of packaging systems, such as resonant frequencies and damping properties. Historical and background information on the commonly used sweep sine excitation technique is presented. In addition, more recent and sophisticated techniques, such as broad‐band random excitation, random burst, pulse and chirp excitation are discussed and their usefulness highlighted. More specifically, the suitability of these excitation techniques in stimulating and detecting the
non‐linear characteristics of packaging systems are considered. Some of the advantages of using low‐level and low‐duration excitation techniques to minimize potential damage to the test prototype are also expounded. Copyright
© 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Network effects and competition: an empirical analysis of the home video game industry
Authors: Shankar Venkatesh , Bayus Barry L. 
Published: February 2003

AbstractBuilding on the resource‐based view of the firm, we advance the idea that a firm's customer network can be a strategic asset. We suggest that network effects are a function of network size (i.e., installed customer base) and network strength (i.e., the marginal impact of a unit increase in network size on demand). We empirically study these network effects in the 16‐bit home video game industry in which the dominant competitors were Nintendo and Sega. In the spirit of the new empirical IO framework, we estimate a structural econometric model assuming the data are equilibrium outcomes of the best fitting noncooperative game in price and advertising. After controlling for other effects, we find strong evidence that network effects are asymmetric between the competitors in the home video game industry. Specifically, we find that the firm with a smaller customer network (Nintendo) has higher network strength than the firm with the larger customer base (Sega). Thus, our results provide a possible explanation for this situation in which the firm with a smaller customer network (Nintendo) was able to overtake the sales of a firm with a larger network size (Sega). Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Gaining from vertical partnerships: knowledge transfer, relationship duration, and supplier performance improvement in the U.S. and Japanese automotive industries
Authors: Kotabe Masaaki , Martin Xavier , Domoto Hiroshi 
Published: February 2003

AbstractWe study sources of operational performance improvement in supplier partnerships. We argue that supplier performance will benefit most where time‐bound relational assets have developed between a buyer and supplier and the firms exploit the resulting communication efficiency by transferring productive knowledge. We examine the effects of two forms of knowledge exchange together with the prior duration of the buyer–supplier relationship. We find similar interaction patterns in two survey samples of Japanese and U.S. automotive suppliers. The effect of ordinary technical exchanges on supplier performance improvement does not vary with relationship duration. The effect of higher‐level technology transfer, however, grows more positive as relationship duration increases. Other results show relevant contrasts consistent with heterogeneous sourcing behavior between the two countries. The findings highlight the role of relational assets and show that it is important to distinguish between simple techniques and higher‐level technological capabilities when studying interfirm relationships. This research extends the literatures on knowledge transfer, buyer–supplier partnerships, and the performance dynamics of interfirm and intrafirm relationships in general. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The emergence of sustainable industries: building on natural capital
Authors: Russo Michael V. 
Published: February 2003

AbstractThis paper focuses on the emergence and growth of sustainable industries, specifically analyzing the rise of the wind energy industry in California. Based on a favorable institutional environment and the presence of abundant natural capital, the wind energy industry took root and flourished in California during the last two decades. This paper analyzes this phenomenon by exploring the determinants of where and when wind energy projects would be established. Findings suggest that in locations where natural, social, and economic influences converged, greater wind energy activity followed. The paper advances a simple framework that uses natural capital, site specificity, and institutional environments to predict which sustainable industries will enjoy growth in coming decades. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mapping moral philosophies: strategic implications for multinational firms
Authors: Robertson Christopher J. , Crittenden William F. 
Published: February 2003

AbstractStrategic managers appear increasingly under pressure from stakeholder concerns regarding social and ethical issues. Partially in response, the supply of ethical decision‐making models has grown rapidly. Business ethics scholars have broadened their scope to incorporate moral philosophies into their research endeavors. Despite these positive trends, the international focus of business ethics research has been slow to evolve. Yet, diverse moral philosophies, often most apparent across international borders, have important strategic implications for multinational firms. The ethical norms pursued by cross‐cultural alliance partners, distributors, suppliers, customers, financiers, and foreign government agencies can create public relations disasters, foster shareholder unrest, lead to consumer boycotts, and impact organizational outcomes. We seek to rectify the deficiency in international business ethics scholarship with two distinct contributions. First, we develop a new cross‐cultural, macro‐level model of societal ethics. Second, we map moral philosophies onto an established framework for assessing socioeconomic environments. These theoretical tools should assist managers of multinational organizations, international policy‐makers, and researchers to recognize and prepare for the ethical consequences of international strategic decisions. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Understanding competitive advantage in the general hospital industry: evaluating strategic competencies
Authors: Douglas Thomas J. , Ryman Joel A. 
Published: February 2003

AbstractThis study examines the drivers of competitive advantage within the hospital industry. Specifically, we examine both the direct and joint effects of market structure, firm‐level competencies, and interorganizational relationships on organizational performance. The results of this approach indicated that managers, through their strategic actions related to the capabilities and relationships they develop and deploy, can establish advantageous competitive positions and influence the negative effects of market structure by developing important strategic competencies. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Corporate governance, investment bandwagons and overcapacity: an analysis of the worldwide petrochemical industry, 1975–95
Authors: Henderson James , Cool Karel 
Published: February 2003

AbstractPrevious research has provided conflicting arguments and evidence on which corporate governance system—bank based or market based—is better in preventing managers from investing in value‐destroying projects. This paper attempts to further the debate by comparing the effect of these different corporate governance systems on preventing capacity expansion bandwagon behavior in the worldwide petrochemical industry in the period 1975–95. Our study shows, first, that neither system is particularly effective in curbing overinvestment; however, the market‐based system seems to be less ineffective than the bank‐based system. Second, free cash flow appears to drive greater bandwagon behavior in the market‐based system than in the bank‐based system. Finally, within the bank‐based system, companies that rely on one bank–shareholder are more likely to join the bandwagon than those with more than one. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ASAB: a Chinese screen reader
Authors: Luk R. W. P. , Yeung D. S. , Lu Q. , Leung H. L. , Li S. Y. , Leung F. 
Published: February 2003

AbstractThis paper describes the design and development of a computer interface for blind and visually‐impaired users, who are native speakers of Cantonese (i.e. a Chinese dialect). Apart from enabling the interface to (1) produce Chinese voice output, (2) convert Chinese characters to Braille codes, (3) facilitate Chinese Braille input, and (4) operate in a Microsoft Chinese Windows environment, the significant aspects of this paper include the following: (1) the description of an integrated architecture, which can be used for other languages; (2) a general bilingual Braille input mechanism; (3) a sentence‐based input method that can be used for contracted‐Braille‐to‐text conversion with an error rate of about 6%, operating at about 700 characters/second using a Pentium II 300 MHz PC; (4) a code‐mixed synthesis module for general bilingual and multilingual applications; (5) the potential to directly adopt the system for use with other ideographic languages (like Japanese and Korean), as well as agglutinating languages like Finnish and Turkish, which have no space between words. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Jini‐based software framework for developing distributed cooperative decision support systems
Authors: Gachet Alexandre , Haettenschwiler Pius 
Published: February 2003

AbstractMany mission‐critical, decision‐making situations happen in dynamic, rapidly changing, and often unpredictable environments. Military, governmental, and medical contexts are examples of such situations, which can be characterized by highly decentralized, up‐to‐date data sets coming from various sources. Unlike other decision‐making tools, decision support systems (DSS) designed for such situations are challenged by the need to access this decentralized data at any time, from anywhere, under tight time constraints.This paper presents the design of a software framework for developing these kinds of distributed DSSs. The proposed Java‐based framework relies mostly on the Jini technology and its JavaSpaces service. The construction of the framework is presented with UML class diagrams, UML sequence diagrams, and additional explanations. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Lambda Library: unnamed functions in C++
Authors: Järvi Jaakko , Powell Gary , Lumsdaine Andrew 
Published: February 2003

AbstractThe Lambda Library (LL) adds a form of lambda functions to C++, which are common in functional programming languages. The LL is implemented as a template library using standard C++; thus no language extensions or preprocessing is required. The LL consists of a rich set of tools for defining unnamed functions. In particular these unnamed functions work seamlessly with the generic algorithms in the C++ Standard Library. The LL offers significant improvements, in terms of generality and ease of use, compared to the current tools in the C++ Standard Library. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Estimating position of mobile terminals from path loss measurements with survey data
Authors: McGuire M. , Plataniotis K. N. , Venetsanopoulos A. N. 
Published: February 2003

AbstractEstimating the position of mobile terminals is an important problem for cellular networks. A low cost method of locating the mobile terminal is to use measurements of the radio path loss. The distribution of radio path loss is, unfortunately, a non‐linear function of the mobile terminal location. The non‐linearity results from large obstacles to radio‐wave propagation such as buildings or hills. This paper demonstrates how the conditional density of the location given measured path loss can be approximated as a sum of kernel density functions based on radio propagation data collected from propagation surveys or estimated from computer models. Using these approximate density functions an accurate location estimate of a mobile terminal can be estimated from measured path loss values contaminated by measurement noise. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Performance evaluation of generalized selection diversity systems over Nakagami‐m fading channels
Authors: Annamalai A. , Tellambura C. 
Published: February 2003

AbstractThe generalized selection combining (GSC) scheme that adaptively combines a subset of M strongest paths out of L available diversity paths finds applications in several wideband receivers and broadband wireless communications. In this paper, exact closed‐form expressions for the moment generating function (MGF), the probability density function (PDF) and the cumulative density function (CDF) of the GSC(M, L) output signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) in independent and identically distributed (i.i.d) Nakagami‐m fading channels are derived while the fading index is a positive integer. These expressions hold for any M and L and provide a comprehensive framework for performance analysis including the derivation of closed‐form formulas for the average symbol error probability (ASEP) of a broad class of binary and M‐ary modulations, mean combined SNR and the outage probability of GSC(M, L) receiver structures. When the Nakagami‐m fading index is not an integer, the MGF of GSC(M, L) output SNR is derived as an (M − 1)‐fold infinite series. With this MGF, analytical expressions for both the outage probability and error rates can be readily obtained. An easily programmable recursive solution of the MGF of GSC(M, L) output SNR is also outlined for both the positive integer and noninteger fading severity index cases. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Performance evaluation of an optimized intersegment handover procedure for hybrid constellation satellite systems
Authors: Leo M. , Luglio M. 
Published: February 2003

AbstractSatellite system architectures based on geostationary or Low Earth Orbit (LEO)/Medium Earth Orbit (MEO) constellation suffer from their intrinsic limitations in terms of coverage or flexibility. Traffic requirements concerning broadband services are expected to be very uneven both in time and space. To match this requirement and to improve coverage an innovative satellite system architecture, composed of a LEO/MEO segment to complement a Geostationary Earth Orbit (GEO) segment, has been proposed. In this scenario, to achieve interworking and to make it possible to hold the call while switching between the two segments, efficient intersegment handover (ISHO) procedures must be identified.The paper, after introducing the classical ISHO schemes, aims at defining and analysing an ISHO procedure developed to perform handover in case of hybrid constellations based on the use of both GEO and LEO/MEO orbits. Performance evaluation will be carried out for different system configurations utilizing a dynamic satellite constellation simulator in the time domain. The execution delay and its complementary cumulative distribution have been evaluated for different constellation geometry at different distances from the gateway. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Uplink channel assignment with balanced load for code division multiple access cellular systems
Authors: Chang Ruay‐Shiung , Hsieh Chih‐Tsung 
Published: February 2003

AbstractIn a code division multiple access (CDMA) wireless communication system, each mobile handset must be power controlled such that the power received at the base station is roughly the same. Otherwise, the interferences between mobile handsets will degrade the performance and increase the error rate. When a mobile handset uses channels from the neighbouring cells, it will raise its power to meet the threshold of signal strength. This will also increase the interference in the home cell. Therefore, we do not want a mobile handset to use channels from other cells blindly. In this paper, we propose an uplink channel assignment method based on the directed retry concept for CDMA cellular systems. The purpose is to achieve load balancing between neighbouring cells and at the same time controlling the interference levels at the base stations such that it will not affect the performance. Furthermore, priorities are given to handoff calls when assigning channels. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
QoS‐based adaptive error control for wireless networks
Authors: Nikaein Neda , Bonnet Christian 
Published: February 2003

AbstractWireless channels are highly affected by unpredictable factors such as cochannel interference, adjacent channel interference, propagation path loss, shadowing, and multipath fading. The unreliability of media seriously degrades the transmission quality. Automatic Repeat reQuest (ARQ) and Forward Error Correction (FEC) schemes are frequently used in wireless environments to reduce the high bit error rate of the channel. In this paper, we propose an adaptive error‐control scheme for wireless networks on the basis of dynamic variation of error‐control strategy as a function of the channel bit error rate, desired QoS, and number of receivers. Reed–Solomon codes are used throughout this study because of their appropriate characteristics in terms of powerful coding and implementation simplicity. Simulation results show that our adaptive error‐control protocol decreases the waste of bandwidth due to retransmissions or extra coding overheads while satisfying the QoS requirements of the receivers. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.