bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Introduction
Authors: Kirchman David L. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The rise in atmospheric carbon dioxide is due mainly to the burning of fossil fuels, yet microbes such as bacteria and fungi, the most abundant and ubiquitous organisms, also produce this most important greenhouse gas as part of the natural carbon cycle. Carbon dioxide is consumed by algae and cyanobacteria, which are microbes that carry out photosynthesis like plants. Only microbes produce and consume the next two most important greenhouse gases, methane and nitrous oxide, and only microbes produce another gas, dimethyl sulfide, which helps to form clouds and minimize global warming. A key question to be examined throughout the book is about how climate change may alter what microbes are doing with greenhouse gases: will they consume more or produce more? The answer is critical in predicting what the planet will look like in the coming decades if climate change continues at its current pace.
The Natural Carbon Cycle and Fossil Fuels
Authors: Kirchman David L. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Plants (autotrophic respiration) and soil microbes on land and microbes in the ocean release more carbon dioxide than what comes from fossil fuels. However, unlike fossil fuels, respiration is matched by primary production in the natural carbon cycle. On land, nearly all primary production is carried out by vascular plants, whereas in the ocean, it is by microbes, the phytoplankton. The rate of primary production is about the same on land as in the ocean, even though many terrestrial plants are huge while phytoplankton are measured in microns. Global gross primary production is slightly greater than global respiration, and the carbon cycle appears to have been in balance since the last ice age ended 10,000 years ago. The carbon cycle now is being disrupted by carbon dioxide released by fossil fuel burning and other human activity.
Getting Located
Authors: Leite Adam 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This chapter motivates an approach to external world skepticism that does not begin from epistemological theorizing or demand a payoff in terms of epistemological theory. Reasons are given for starting from a position resolutely within the epistemic practices, principles, and commitments of ordinary life and science and then asking whether we can find any reason in favor of any skeptical principle or argument. The distinctive nature of the inquiry is highlighted: the central question is what we ourselves are actually committed to in real life and where those commitments lead us. To this end, we must focus on what we would actually be prepared to offer as an expression of those commitments.
Stroud’s Question
Authors: Leite Adam 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The Moorean approach focuses on the early stages and initiating moves of skeptical reflection. Standing in the ordinary, pre-philosophical position, Moore responds at these early stages by appealing to things he knows about the world. This chapter defends Moore against Barry Stroud’s charge that this sort of response is unacceptable. Stroud maintains that there is a question of critical epistemic reassessment, familiar in ordinary life, that—when fully generalized—excludes Moore’s response, thus setting the stage for skeptical argumentation. This chapter argues that the principles and procedures of everyday epistemic life do not in fact enable skepticism to arise in the way Stroud envisions. Given this Moorean response, any residual concern about whether our beliefs are true is not epistemically well-motivated but rather an expression of existential discomfort with the fact of human fallibility. In response, Moore aims in part to show us how to be at home with ourselves.
Skepticism and Perception
Authors: Leite Adam 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Many skeptical arguments assume that our evidence is fundamentally restricted: it comprises or is provided by only our experiential and other non-factive mental states, all described in a way that carries no implications about the world. It is often urged that if on any given occasion sensory perception all by itself yields at most knowledge about how things seem or appear to us, then the skeptic’s limitation on our evidence is thereby inevitably imposed. This chapter shows that this is incorrect. No limitation on our evidence follows directly from this conception of the epistemology of sensory perception, because this conception is compatible with allowing that in any given case our evidence includes considerations about the world as well. Establishing this point requires careful exploration of issues of epistemic priority, epistemic dependence, basing relations, and epistemic regresses, all from our Moorean standpoint within our ordinary epistemic practices and commitments.
Joking remarks and joking intentions
Authors: Horisk Claire 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This chapter, which focuses on joking remarks, distinguishes between two senses of ‘to joke’: to say something one believes to be false with the intent to amuse, or to say something either true or false with the intent to amuse. Humor is often thought to lack a warranty of truth, but this chapter argues that truths-in-jest sometimes have a warranty of truth. When someone says something is “just a joke” or that they are “just joking,” like Don Imus did when defending a belittling comment about a Rutgers basketball team, they mean that there is no warranty of truth; but it does not follow that they believe what they are saying is false.
Listener culpability
Authors: Horisk Claire 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This chapter argues that people who listen to belittling speech sometimes bear moral responsibility for the presence of belittling ideas in the common ground. This explains why people feel guilty when they are part of a conversation that involves slurs and belittling jokes. The chapter distinguishes listening from hearing; listening is intentionally hearing someone and trying to understand what they mean. It defines being part of a conversation as being eligible to take a turn. It argues that when listeners are part of a conversation, they bear joint responsibility for the contents of the common ground. While our culture encourages us to be good listeners, the chapter argues that good listening is not always ethical listening. Good listening, in fact, can contribute to public humiliation.
Finding derogatory jokes amusing
Authors: Horisk Claire 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This chapter argues that, regardless of whether one believes a claim, one’s willingness to accept it as common ground depends on how one feels about treating it as true and on how one feels about others treating it as true. This explains why both social identity and negative beliefs about a group are correlated with feeling amusement at jokes that derogate the group, and why the context of the joke-telling is also a factor. However, while some tellers of derogatory jokes presuppose derogatory ideas, and invite their audience to presuppose them too, contentious jokers—aggressive jokers whose goal is to rile the audience—do not. So, presupposition is not the primary mechanism by which derogatory jokers convey derogatory ideas. Finally, the chapter argues that we are not morally responsible for being amused at belittling jokes, although over time we can modify our propensity to be amused.
Extinctions and Apocalyptic Birds
Authors: Gardella Peter (Petra) , Krute Laurence 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
As humans progressed from an age of exploration into the Industrial Revolution, birds went extinct. Explorers reaching Mauritius wiped out the dodo, probably by accident, and hunting doomed the great auk, the Carolina parakeet, and the passenger pigeon. Fashion demand for feathers nearly doomed the ostrich and many shorebirds like egrets and gulls. Because birds eat dead humans, birds featured in biblical apocalypses and those of Mayans and Aztecs. Wars and technology of the twentieth century gave the book Silent Spring and the film The Birds terrifying power. Conservation efforts rescued two of the largest birds, the bald eagle and the condor, from extinction.
Birds Leading Humans to Another New World
Authors: Gardella Peter (Petra) , Krute Laurence 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The twenty-first century expanded the religion of nature that began in the nineteenth. By 2020, the most common music at American funerals was “On Eagle’s Wings,” a hymn that identified God and humanity with birds. The two largest wars in history and genocide in the Holocaust made the search for harmony more urgent. The mantle left by Audubon was assumed by Rachel Carson, whose work ended the assumption that humans could safely use all tools they invented to control nature. Works of art ranging from children’s books to documentary films and public murals and statuary taught the importance of birds. As issues of race and gender raged, Audubon came under attack, but his life and the birds he loved offered solutions.
The Ripple Effect
Authors: Han Enze 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This book is a comprehensive exploration of the multifaceted nature of China’s presence in Southeast Asia, shedding light on not only the influences it exerts on the region, but also the unintended consequences that have arisen as a result. It argues that to truly understand China’s relationship with Southeast Asia and the implications of that relationship, it is necessary to delve beyond a narrow focus on the Chinese state and instead examine the everyday forms of China’s presence in the region. The book contends that traditional state-level analyses often overlook the impact of non-state actors from China, such as private businesses and Chinese migrants, whose actions can significantly influence perceptions of China in Southeast Asia. By broadening the scope of analysis to include these actors, the book seeks to offer a more nuanced understanding of China’s presence in the region. In addition, the book highlights the importance of considering the unanticipated consequences that have resulted from China’s presence in Southeast Asia. By exploring the unexpected ways in which China’s actions have affected the region, the book emphasizes the need for a more holistic and nuanced approach to understanding China’s relationship with Southeast Asia. Overall, the book seeks to offer a more comprehensive and nuanced perspective on China’s complex presence in Southeast Asia, highlighting the need to look beyond the Chinese state and take into account the everyday actions of non-state actors, as well as the unanticipated consequences that have arisen as a result of China’s presence in the region.
Trade, Investment, and Economic Influence
Authors: Han Enze 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This chapter provides a general overview of China’s economic influence in Southeast Asia. It looks at a few prominent infrastructure projects that China has pushed in the region, such as the high-speed rail lines in Laos, Thailand, and Malaysia. It also examines how Chinese investments in Southeast Asia take advantage of special economic zones that some regional governments have set up, with a detailed discussion of the Rayong Industrial Park in Thailand. As a result of its upgrade of the industrial value chain and to bypass the ongoing trade war between Beijing and Washington, there are also certain key industries where Chinese capital has expanded to Southeast Asia, such as electronic vehicles. What we are witnessing, despite the slump during COVID-19, is an increasingly influential China in its economic relations with Southeast Asia.
Garbage Community
Authors: Berg Anne 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Chapter 3 turns to ordinary citizens and argues that scrapping, salvaging, and other waste-focused initiatives bound Germans together as a garbage community and provided a readily accessible, seemingly apolitical, way to participate in a regime premised on imperial conquest and genocidal extraction. By the late 1930s, German volunteerism replaced the secondary materials trade. From early initiatives such as the propaganda campaign “War against Rot” to the metal collection of 1940 in celebration of Hitler’s birthday, to collections of clothes for soldiers, and bottles for liquor for mobile killing squads, this chapter shows how scrapping and salvaging became a routine, unquestioned part of everyday life for the vast majority of Germans. Even as enthusiasm waned, compliance with the collection frenzy persisted and the materials gathered quickly overwhelmed the transport capacities of the Reich.
First Steps
Authors: Starr Martin P. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This chapter covers Wilfred Smith’s emigration to Canada and his initial exposure to occult teachings of Aleister Crowley through the mediacy of Smith’s esoteric teacher Charles Stansfeld Jones (1886–1950), best known under his magical name of Frater Achad. Jones begins Smith on the challenging path to the acquisition of the basics of the theory and practice of the Western and Eastern esoteric disciplines in Crowley’s Order of A∴A∴, which composed the “inner” work of Crowley’s form of Western Esotericism. The chapter offers an overview of Crowley’s synthesis of meditation (yoga) and magic, which he denominated “Magick.”
Isis, Therion, and Hilarion
Authors: Starr Martin P. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This chapter details the efforts of Charles Stansfeld Jones and Wilfred Talbot Smith to develop an Ordo Templi Orientis (OTO) lodge in British Columbia from the materials created by Aleister Crowley. Crowley’s “Law of Thelema” is integrated into the OTO, transforming it from a masonic order which covertly admitted women to a religious society premised on the apocalyptic revelations of Thelema and Crowley’s central role as its prophet. The movement in closest parallel to Thelema was Theosophy, with its significantly larger body of adherents, its own emerging World Teacher, its own esoteric church, and its own form of esoteric masonry open to men and women, Co-Masonry. Jones uncovers the OTO secrets of sexual magic, followed by the recognition of his achievement of the grade of “Master of the Temple,” a level of attainment immediately below that of Crowley.
The Detroit Working
Authors: Starr Martin P. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This chapter treats Aleister Crowley’s contact with socially prominent Scottish Rite Freemasons in Detroit, which leads to a predictable crash against the waves of conventionality. The publication of the “Blue” Equinox was designed to outrage as many as possible, and it succeeds beyond the author’s intentions. This book included the text of Crowley’s “Gnostic Catholic Mass.” Its suggestion of ritual nudity and sex leads to a moral panic drummed up by the yellow press at the mostly imagined activities of the OTO in Detroit. Crowley gives up attempting to represent the OTO as a higher development of Freemasonry, which he now views as a reactionary movement opposed to his Law of Thelema, acceptance of which was the first requirement in OTO under Crowley.
Jane, Kath, and Leota
Authors: Starr Martin P. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This chapter covers the assertion by Aleister Crowley of his final and absolute authority over the exegesis of Thelema, in response to criticism by his disciples Charles Stansfeld Jones and Norman Mudd. Crowley continues his campaign against the leadership of the Theosophical Society and their promotion of Krishnamurti as the World Teacher. Wilfred Talbot Smith begins regular correspondence with Crowley; he marries and divorces Katherine Talbot. Crowley’s personal disciple Jane Wolfe enters Smith’s life as a significant partner in the establishment of Thelema and the practice of sexual magic.
Salve Regina
Authors: Starr Martin P. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This chapter treats the entrance of Regina Kahl into the life of Wilfred Talbot Smith. She becomes his mistress and magical partner who provides the motive force for Smith’s work to establish Thelema, starting with the Gnostic Catholic Mass in which they took the roles of Priest and Priestess. Their work was followed by their premier conferral of Crowley’s post-masonic degrees of the Ordo Templi Orientis in their home in Hollywood which was operated as “profess house” of the OTO. Smith incorporates as the Church of Thelema to acquire real property. Attacks on Smith by Max Schneider are endorsed by Crowley’s correspondence.
Introduction
Authors: Weiberg Erika L. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The Introduction argues that paradigmatic Greek homecoming stories like the Odyssey, together with scholarship on trauma in antiquity, have focused on the hero’s experiences of trauma and recovery to the exclusion of others’ stories and experiences of trauma after war. Despite replicating some of these exclusions, tragedies about homecoming also draw attention to female characters’ expressions of trauma and their difficulty finding receptive witnesses to their pain. After defining “trauma” and the “trauma hero” narrative, this chapter addresses the difficulties of identifying trauma in ancient texts and cultures. It also presents three important strands of the book’s argument: (1) historical and cultural traumas can be traced in the literary form and stagecraft of these plays, (2) tragedy stages the responses of internal witnesses to trauma so that the external audience can reflect upon the stakes of failing to bear witness to the trauma of others, and (3) the staging of both trauma and witnessing in homecoming plays had particular relevance to the lives of fifth-century Athenians, who engaged in more extensive battles abroad in the latter half of the fifth century than they ever had before.
Moral Injury in Aeschylus’ Agamemnon
Authors: Weiberg Erika L. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Chapter 1 uses the concept of “moral injury,” the pain of committing or witnessing actions that betray what one considers right, to analyze Clytemnestra’s character in Aeschylus’ Oresteia trilogy, especially in Agamemnon. Scholars have applied the concept of moral injury to the stories of Greek heroes like Achilles and Ajax; this chapter argues that Clytemnestra’s actions, emotions, and speeches also follow this pattern. Clytemnestra’s language and use of stage space make the experience of moral injury felt through a sense of looming excess that spreads and engulfs other characters, including the Chorus. At the same time, the trilogy also demonstrates the limits of the moral injury theme and of moral recovery for female characters. The Chorus’ gender biases in Agamemnon, for instance, impede their understanding of Clytemnestra’s testimony about war’s excesses. This chapter also analyzes Cassandra’s trauma as a victim of war as distinct from Clytemnestra’s. She is the only character in Agamemnon who speaks openly about her own trauma as well as past wounds in the house of Atreus, but her trauma is recognized by none of the other characters onstage. The Oresteia, therefore, demonstrates how aspects of a character’s identity, including gender and status, shape how their emotional wounds and moral injuries are received and remembered by their community.
Ambiguous Loss and Euripides’ Heracles
Authors: Weiberg Erika L. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Chapter 3, οn Euripides’ Heracles, identifies the grief that Amphitryon and Megara feel at not knowing whether Heracles is alive or dead as a form of “ambiguous loss”—a type of chronic trauma in which the precise nature of the loss is unclear and so lacks closure. This experience is the starting point of all homecoming stories in Greek literature and is usually explored from the perspective of the absent hero’s wife and children. This chapter argues that the family’s experience of ambiguous loss can be traced through formal devices of stasis (strife), aporia (immobility), misdirection, and lack of closure, which mimic the emotional experience of ambiguous loss. This chapter also argues that Heracles treats the problem of witnessing women’s pain differently from the earlier two plays discussed. In the middle of the play, Heracles is unexpectedly attacked by Madness personified and kills his wife and children in his own home. After her death, Megara’s experiences of ambiguous loss and domestic violence are in danger of being wiped from collective memory, or “disremembered,” as the other characters in the play focus on the murders of the children and on Heracles’ survival. Yet the feeling of ambiguous loss continues to surface through the diction, stagecraft, and plot of the play, even after Megara’s death, so that the external audience continues to feel her pain, although internal witnesses fail to recognize it.
Conclusion
Authors: Weiberg Erika L. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The Conclusion summarizes what readers can learn from reading female characters’ emotional wounds in homecoming plays through the lens of trauma studies. It argues that homecoming plays articulate diverse experiences of trauma after war for women, including trauma that arises from chronic conditions of violence and oppression. At the same time, however, these plays also foreclose the possibility of repair within their fabricated social structures, which reflect in a distorted way the social structures and values of fifth-century Athens. The Conclusion also suggests future directions for scholarship in Classics that engages with trauma studies.
Can Contact Tracing Work Here?
Authors: Stein Michael D. , Galea Sandro 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The chapter discusses the shortcomings of contact tracing in the United States during the pandemic. The chapter identifies how lack of testing capacity, workforce limitations, and lack of trust in public health services all contributed to these shortcomings. It suggests the importance of addressing these issues to shore up testing infrastructure in the event of future pandemics.
The Right to Bear News
Authors: Stein Michael D. , Galea Sandro 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This chapter addresses the tenor of the media coverage throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. It examines how the often-alarmist tone of the media shaped the national conversation during the pandemic. This tone at times obscured a complete picture of the crisis as well as of other health challenges that were exacerbated by pandemic mitigation efforts.
Fixing Our Health System After COVID-19
Authors: Stein Michael D. , Galea Sandro 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This chapter discusses the vulnerabilities of the U.S. health system, a system which was tested during the COVID-19 pandemic. The chapter suggests that these vulnerabilities can be addressed by embracing new health care payment models to incentivize health rather than illness, by health care professionals taking steps to improve the influence of the social forces that shape health, and by health care providers working to change the public narrative about health.
Will Better Public Health Funding Be Enough?
Authors: Stein Michael D. , Galea Sandro 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This chapter examines the underfunding of the American public health system in the years leading up to COVID-19, asking the following question: If public health had been better funded, would the country have fared so poorly during the pandemic? The chapter suggests that doing better in the event of future pandemics means giving public health the resources it needs to function at the highest possible level.
COVID-19 Collectivism
Authors: Stein Michael D. , Galea Sandro 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This chapter explores how efforts to address COVID-19 in the years to come will require concern for the public good and a willingness to engage in collective activities toward better therapeutics and social supports for those affected. As an example, the chapter cites a slogan used by the Long COVID Alliance, “Nothing about us, without us.”