bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EVALUATION OF RED BLOOD CELL INDICES IN TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS IN SULAYMANIYAH CITY, KURDISTAN REGION, IRAQ
Authors: Alrawi Hisham 
Published: December 2023

Background
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) accounts for more than 90% of all diagnosed cases of diabetes. Earlier reports described an independent association of haematological indices, such as red blood cells (RBCs), haemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (Hct), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCV), platelet count (Plt), and white blood cell count (WBC) with the risk of occurrence of T2DM.
Objectives
To evaluate the relationship between T2DM and red cell indices.
Patients and Methods
The current cross-sectional study recruited 400 patients with T2DM who were referred to the Diabetic Center in Sulaimani city, Northern Iraq, from November 2018 to March 2019 and 200 healthy blood donors who donated from March to April 2019 to the Sulaimani Blood Bank Center. The required data were collected from both groups, and relevant haematological tests and biochemical analyses were performed.
Results
Anemia was found in 8% of the patients giving higher rates among the females. Normocytic anaemia was observed in (82.8%) of the patients. Half of the patients had a high level of RBC counts, which correlates significantly with high HbA1c (p=0.005). The prevalence of pre-diabetic and diabetes was 15.5% among healthy blood donors. Patients with T2DM and donation experience showed lower HbA1c levels than those without blood donation (p<0.05).
Conclusion
Normocytic anaemia is the most common type in patients with T2DM. Patients with a high level of RBC count might be worth screening for T2DM. A high frequency of pre-diabetic and diabetic among asymptomatic healthy blood donors was observed.
COINCIDENTAL FINDINGS OF PARA NASAL SINUS PATHOLOGY IN PATIENT REQUESTED BRAIN MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING FOR HEADACHE
Authors: Sardar Sana , Fateh Salah 
Published: December 2023

Background
Headache is a ubiquitous symptom, for which magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the primary modality of choice to investigate its underlying causes. Two categories of headache have been well known” primary versus secondary types. Sinus pathology, including sinusitis, is a well-recognized cause of secondary headaches.
Objectives
A retrospective study was conducted to find the incidence of sinus abnormalities in brain MRI patients presenting with headaches, compare the prevalence of sinus abnormalities versus other structural brain abnormalities at the brain MRI, and categorize the sinus abnormalities into significant and non-significant sinus involvement. In which significant sinus abnormalities might be the cause of headaches.
Methods
A retrospective study at the Sulaymaniyah teaching hospital selected data from brain MRIs of patients with headaches clinically, which were documented on their request paper. First, a Sum of 402 patients (males 157 and females 245) of age (mean age of 40 years) were included in the study from 2021-2022. Patients were grouped according to their imaging findings and specifically sinus abnormality. All statistical analyses were performed on a personal computer with SPSS for Windows (version 27) software.
Results
Four hundred and two cases during 12 months were reviewed; two hundred forty-five patients (60.9%) were female, and one hundred fifty-seven patients (39.1%) were male. Their ages varied from 14 years to 86 years. Approximately 50% of all patients are between the ages of 31 and 50. Sinus abnormalities were the most frequent group (40%), including significant sinus abnormalities of (19,9%), followed by normal brain MR findings (27.8%).
Conclusion
The majority of patients suffering from headaches have sinus abnormalities on the brain MRI, in which near half of these abnormalities were significant findings, and the second most common imaging findings were normal brain imaging, which was more than the significant sinus abnormalities from here it is advisable for a better revision for the indication of brain MRI in headache, and as a consequence multidisciplinary evaluation of patients with headache should be introduced at an early stage. The team should include a headache specialist and a rhinologist to avoid unnecessary investigations. The significant sinus findings contribute to a substantial number of patients suffering from headaches, thus suggesting the inclusion of sinus findings as a regular part of the radiological reporting template.
PREGNANCY COMPLICATIONS AND OUTCOMES IN WOMEN WITH POLYCYSTIC OVARIAN SYNDROME
Authors: Rahim Gona 
Published: December 2023

Background
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder that has profound implications for women throughout their reproductive years. PCOS is associated with reproductive challenges, including difficulty in conceiving and pregnancy-related complications of miscarriage, hypertensive disorders, gestational diabetes and prematurity, and increased cesarean section(C/S) rate.
Objectives
To determine the pregnancy-related complications and outcomes in women with PCOS and to find the risk of these complications in obese and overweight.
Patients and Methods
Prospective cohort study was conducted in a Maternity teaching hospital and private hospitals and clinics in Sulaymaniyah City Jan. 2018 to Dec. 2021. Involved 313 women with PCOS trying to conceive. PCOS women were diagnosed by having two of the following three criteria, known as Rotterdam criteria (oligo-ovulation or anovulation, clinical or biochemical hyperandrogenism, and polycystic ovaries as seen by ultrasound scan), with the exclusion of other causes of androgen excess and menstrual cycle irregularity or amenorrhoea. They are followed a few months before conception, pregnancy and delivery. Way of conceiving (natural or by induction of ovulation), adverse pregnancy outcomes, and complications like early pregnancy loss, Pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH), pre-eclampsia (PET), Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), preterm delivery, and mode of delivery were recorded. The risk of these complications in obese and overweight compared to normal weight cases was recorded.
Results
This study included 313 women with PCOS, pregnancy complications were PIH (12.1%), PET (2.2%), GDM (10.5%), pre-term delivery (4.5%), Miscarriage (19.5%), ectopic pregnancy (1.9%), biochemical pregnancy (1.6%), intrauterine fetal death(IUFD) 0.3%, the relation of these complications with pregnancy outcomes showed significant results with p-value of 0.04, 0.02, and 0.01 for PIH, PET, and GDM respectively. These complications were more in obese and overweight PCOS pregnant women than in normal-weight PCOS, but these associations were not significant.
Conclusion
Women with PCOS are at increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes; pre-pregnancy education, hormonal status regulation, diet and lifestyle changes, and weight loss with better follow-up of these women during pregnancy may decrease these complications. Introducing specific guidelines for pregnant women with PCOS may be beneficial.
PREVALENCE OF LOW FREE TESTOSTERONE LEVEL IN MEN WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS
Authors: Mahwi Taha , Hassan Soran 
Published: December 2023

Background
Prevalence of low serum free testosterone levels in men with type2 diabetes mellitus has been reported worldwide.
Objectives
To find the prevalence of low free testosterone levels in type2 diabetic men.
Patients and Methods
A cross-sectional study was carried out in (the Diabetic and Endocrine Center) in Sulaimani from the 5th of April, 2017, to the 3rd of January, 2018. Eighty-eight male patients of type two diabetes mellitus who attended the centre for regular follow-up are included. After taking consent and history from the patient, a questionnaire was taken on Sociodemographic data and diabetic characteristics (duration &type of treatment), body mass index, and statin use. In addition, blood tests, including; free testosterone, were measured from morning samples using the ELISA kit (bioactive diagnostic, free testosterone ELISA kit), blood sugar (fasting), HbA1c, serum cholesterol, and serum triglyceride were done for all patients.
Results
There was little relation (correlation coefficient =0.07) (p-value 0.49) between free testosterone and HbA1c% concentration, and serum HbA1c% does not seem to contribute significantly to the free testosterone level variation. Duration of diabetes does not affect free testosterone levels.
Conclusion
The level of free testosterone in type2 diabetic men was average; there was no correlation between serum HbA1c concentration and serum-free testosterone.
CORRELATION OF SERUM FERRITIN, HEMOGLOBIN, AND PLATELET LEVELS IN PREGNANT WOMEN WITH GESTATIONAL DIABETES
Authors: Nasir Sallama , Mahmood Sara , Ali Rezan 
Published: December 2023

Background
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) affects approximately 7% of all pregnancies. Pregnancy which is regarded as a pro-inflammatory state “mostly because of the mitochondria-rich placenta,” is a condition that favors oxidative stress. A transitional metal, particularly iron, abundant in the placenta, is significant in producing free radicals. Various studies indicate that free radicals play a remarkable role in GDM. Iron storage and status in the body can be reliably assessed by serum ferritin as the standard measurement.
Objectives
The present study aimed to measure the serum ferritin level, hemoglobin, and platelet count in women with GDM and compare it with those of women experiencing a normal pregnancy.
Patients and Methods
This case-control study was conducted in Sulaimani Maternity Teaching Hospital in Sulaimani city, Iraq. Over 18 months, they were starting from Jan 1, 2020, till Jun 30, 2021. The study sample consisted of 160 pregnant women in the third trimester of their pregnancy. The participating women were divided into a study group and a control group. The study group consisted of 80 pregnant women with GDM, which OGTT detected from 24 to 28 weeks of their pregnancy. The control group consisted of 80 pregnant women who had a normal and healthy pregnancy, did not have GDM, and were in their third trimester. For both groups, mean platelet volume, platelet count, hemoglobin level, and serum ferritin level were measured, and the two groups were compared in terms of these variables.
Results
Compared to the control group, the group with GDM had a significantly higher level of mean serum ferritin (29.04±16.09 ng/ml versus 37.97±29.42 ng/ml) (P=0.02). However, the study and control groups were not statistically different regarding their mean hemoglobin levels (12.26±0.63g/dl versus 12.14±0.60g/dl) (P-value=0.19). In addition, the study group had a significantly higher mean platelet count than the control group (246.71x 103/µl±54.02 versus 203.52 x103/µl±54.1) (P<0.001). However, no significant difference was seen between the study group and the control group regarding their mean platelet volume (MPV) (9.50±1.25 1015/L versus 9.35±0.95 1015/L) (P=0.41).
Conclusion
Compared with women with normal pregnancy, GDM women have higher serum ferritin levels and platelet count; therefore, serum ferritin can be regarded as a marker for GDM pathogenesis. However, it is recommended that serum ferritin levels should be measured in early pregnancy to evaluate the risk of GDM development in those with high serum ferritin levels.
Investigation The Affect Of Seeding Rates On Biomass Yield Of Bread Wheat And Usability Of NDVI For Biomass Yield Estimation
Authors: SÖNMEZ Ali Cevat 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT OZET
Son yıllarda hasat indeksinde üst sınırlara yaklaşılması nedeniyle, buğdayın toplam verimini artırmak için biyokütle veriminin (BV) arttırılması gerekli hale gelmiştir. Bu nedenle, bu çalışmada, Orta Anadolu Bölgesinde ekim sıklığı (ES) uygulamalarının BV üzerindeki etkisinin ve normalize edilmiş vejetasyon indeksi (NDVI) değerlerinin BV’in kolayca tahmin edilmesinde kullanılabilirliğinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Tarla denemeleri, 2012 ve 2015 yılları arasında Eskişehir, yağışa bağımlı ve sulu koşullarda arka arkaya üç yıl boyunca gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu çalışmada altı kışlık buğday çeşidine dört farklı ES ( Seyrek, Normal, Sık ve Çok Sık) uygulanmış olup çiçeklenme ve hasat dönemlerinde biyokütle örnekleri alınmıştır. NDVI değerleri ise çiçeklenme döneminde alınmıştır. Sonuç olarak yüksek BV elde etmek için Alpu ve Harmankaya çeşitlerinin yağışa bağımlı koşullarda Sık ES uygulaması, sulu koşullarda ise Normal ES uygulaması ile ekilmeleri önerilmiştir. Ancak çiçeklenme dönemindeki NDVI değerleri, BY tahmini için yeterince güvenilir bir araç olarak bulunmamıştır. Çünkü NDVI değerleri sadece Harmankaya çeşidine doğru sonuç verirken, Alpu, Bezostaja1 ve Sultan çeşitlerine her iki koşulda yanıltıcı sonuç vermiştir.
Analysis of occlusion and its correlation with gender in primary and mixed dentition of pre-school and school children of Hazaribag city – A pilot study
Authors: Ahuja Annapurna , Ahuja Vipin 
Published: December 2023

The purpose of this pilot study was to analyse the prevalence of occlusion in primary and mixed dentition and correlate it with gender among pre-school and school children of Hazaribag city of Jharkhand. A total of 408 children participated in the study. Out of which, 202 children of 3-5 years age and 206 children of 7-11 years were selected from schools in Hazaribag city of Jharkhand., India, and their occlusion was recorded based on the terminal planes. Data were statistically analysed applying Chi-square test using SPSS software. The most prevalent occlusion seen in the present study for Primary Dentition was Mesial Step plane (69.3%) followed by Flush Terminal plane (28.7%) and Distal Step (2%) respectively and the results were statistically significant. A significant correlation was also noted with gender. Males showed more Mesial Step plane (72.6%) than females (65.6%) and order of occurrence of occlusion was same in both the sexes. The most prevalent occlusion seen in the present study for Mixed Dentition was Class I (94.7%) followed by Class II (4.4%) and Class III (0.9%) respectively and the results were statistically significant. A non-significant correlation was also noted with gender. Males showed slightly more Class I (94.8%) than females (94.5%) and order of occurrence of occlusion was same in both the sexes. The Mesial Step plane is significantly more prevalent in preschool children and Class I occlusion is significantly more prevalent in school children of Hazaribagh.
Assessment of facial golden proportions in Gujarati population – A retrospective study
Authors: Shah Kaushal , Patel Manali 
Published: December 2023

The face excels in beauty when compared with other anatomical divisions of the human beings” - Leonardo da Vinci. Golden Proportion is the mathematical ratio with has special properties, most aesthetically pleasing and aesthetic harmony. The study sample consisted of 85 subjects. The subjects were randomly selected from the outpatient department. The collected sample age ranges from 18 to 25 years. The subjects with developmental anomalies and history of any trauma were not included. Only the Population that belongs to Gujarat are included to meet the aim of the study to analyse the population The mean of all study parameters were in the range of 1.301 to 1.423. The p values for all parameters except TS-TS/LC-LC for class 2 skeletal pattern is 0.001 which shows that they all have significant relation to the ideal proportions. It is concluded from the study that the population of Gujarat do not follow ideal/Golden proportion.
Management of pediatric facial injuries in a rural referral center-Case series
Authors: Roopa C , Radhakrishnan GS , Marak Dexter R 
Published: December 2023

: Pediatric injuries involving the facial bone are associated with severe injury and trauma. Trauma is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in children. Although less, maxillofacial fractures contribute to an important part of morbidity in children.: Nineteen children with facial trauma (range 6-16 years of age) were treated in a rural medical college in Tamil Nadu, India. Mostly they were soft tissue injuries out of whom nine patients were with bony injuries. The mean study time is 10.4 months; however, the maximum follow-up is 3 years. Most of the injuries were treated conservatively, MMF and Splints, however ORIF with plate and screws were done in four cases. Soft tissue injuries are more common than bony injuries in children. Parents were very anxious and patients were not cooperative and convincing them for treatment of these fractures was difficult. This is because of illiteracy and poor socio-economic status in rural areas. ORIF was done with minimal periosteal stripping. Children tolerate MMF poorly and to our surprise, these patients tolerate ORIF with plates and screws better. Orthodontic hard stainless-steel wires were also used in a few cases to minimize surgical procedures. We were not able to use absorbable plates because of cost factor. Facial injuries with fractures of facial bones in children are uncommon but occur more frequently in major trauma like motor vehicle accidents and sports-related injuries. The greater osteogenic potential and faster healing rate in children help us to treat with conservative therapeutic procedures and with minimal displacement of fractures.
In Vitro Characterizations of Poly(Ethylene Glycol) Dimethacrylate)-Nanofibrillated Cellulose as an Injectable Biomaterial Substitute for Herniated Nucleus Pulposus
Authors: Widiyanti Prihartini , Firda Yurituna , Aminatun  , Herry Wibowo  
Published: December 2023

Highlights:

Novel synthetic biopolymer hydrogels were successfully prepared using photopolymerization method based on pristine PEGDMA and pristine NFC.
Biocomposite hydrogel based on pristine PEGDMA: pristine NFC can be developed as a substitute biomaterial for the nucleus pulposus in cases of herniated nucleus pulposus which can afford for clinical application standards

Abstract
As many as 30-80% of cases low back pain (LBP) is frequently attributed to herniated nucleus pulposus (HNP) with 18-29% of instances reported in Indonesia. HNP can cause in motor weakness, sensory disturbances and decreased physiological reflexes. HNP occurs due to protrusion of the intervertebral disc through the annulus fibrosus which can be caused by the rupture of the annulus fibrosus or decreased proteoglycans (PGs). Hydrogel implant material is injected into the disc space, which can restore disc thickness caused by disc degeneration with minimal invasive. This study utilizes poly(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate (PEGDMA):nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) used to treat first-degree HNP using photopolymerization method. PEGDMA is very hydrophilic and is able to produce hydrogel. The addition of NFC to the PEGDMA precursor that forms a hydrogel was able to show mechanical properties as a hydrogel biocomposite candidate. This research to characterize of PEGDMA:NFC for biomaterial substitute of HNP. Characterizations involves Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) test, viscosity assessment and in vitro injection model test. PEGDMA:NFC concentrations explored include 1:0 (control), 1:0.5 (K1 sample), 1:0.75 (K2 sample) and 1:1 (K3 sample). FTIR test can indicating each functional group for hydrogel biomaterial of PEGDMA:NFC. Based on characterization results, the K3 sample has the best results with a concentration of 1:1. The viscosity value was 74,67 dPa.s and in vitro injection model test showed the addition of NFC indicates the hydrogel state when released from the mold will be not ruptured. Hydrogels can be injected with syringe 18 gauge. Consequently, the study concludes that the PEGDMA:NFC biocomposite hydrogel can be effectively applied in cases of herniated nucleus pulposus.
YAZININ AMACINDA AYKIRI BİR ÜSLUP: ASEMİK YAZI
Authors: ERTEN Deniz , UYGUNGÖZ Mehtap 
Published: December 2023

Yazı, tarih boyunca çeşitli kültürlerden geçerek gelişmiş ve günümüzde kullanılan hallerine kavuşmuştur.
Bunların bazıları görsel imgelerden oluşurken, bazıları da belli bir alfabeye dayalı harf ve/veya benzeri
imgeler sistemi ile çözümlenmiştir. Harfler, sadece bilginin görselleştirilerek okutulmasının ötesinde resimsel
biçimler haline de getirilmiştir.
Tarihteki bu yolculuğunda yazı, kimi zaman sesin harf görünümüden sıyrılarak sanatçılara ilham kaynağı
olmuş, kimi zamansa kendi doğasına aykırı olarak okunamayan boyutta deneysellik ve özgünlük içeren
şekillere dönüşmüştür. Asemik yazı, anlamsızlıktan öte, işaretin yokluğunu vurgulayan bir tür ‘açık’ anlamlı
yazıyı ifade eder. Gizlediği özellik, yapım aşamasında olan ama içerdiği anlamı asla çözülemeyen bir dilmiş
gibi görünen saf estetik formlar ile ortaya çıkmaktadır. Asemik yazı ile yazı normunun dışına çıkan sanatçı,
konuşulan dil ve kullanılan alfabe fark etmeksizin, her izleyiciye ulaşabildiği eserler üretebilmektedir. Bu
sayede sağlanan kültürlerarası akışkanlık ile Asemik yazı küresel olarak yaygınlaşmaya devam etmektedir.
Bu araştırma kapsamında Asemik yazının tarihçesi, geçirdiği evrim, amacı ve temelleri ele alınmakta, modern
sanat akımlarındaki tipografik yaklaşımlar çerçevesindeki Asemik yazı anlatımları sorgulanmaktadır.
Asemik yazı türünde eserler üreten çağdaş sanatçılardan da örnekler verilerek, bu sanat anlayışına dikkat
çekilmektedir.
SOKAK FOTOĞRAFÇILIĞINDA GÖRSEL HİKÂYE ANLATIMI
Authors: IŞIK Atila 
Published: December 2023

Teknolojinin ilerlemesi ile hikâye anlatımı, radyo veya televizyon gibi iletişim araçlarından çevrimiçi sanatsal
ve sosyal ağlara taşınmıştır. Bu ilerlemenin en fazla çeşitlendirdiği ve zenginleştirdiği anlatım dillerinden biri
fotoğraf olmuştur. Sokak fotoğrafçılığı ise uygulanabilirliği ve sosyal medyada kolay paylaşılabilirliği nedeniyle
bu ilerlemeden fotoğraf dalları arasında en fazla faydalananlardan biridir. Fotoğraf sanatında hikâye anlatımı,
seri olarak çekilmiş çoklu görüntülerin aynı konuyu anlatması şeklinde kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın
amacı bu görsel dilin sokak fotoğrafçılığı ve hikâye anlatımı bağlamında nasıl icra edildiğinin fotoğraf
sanatının geçmişindeki izini sürmek, çağdaş uygulamalarını anlatmak ve örneklendirmektir. Mobil aygıtların
popülerleşmesi ile yaşamın bir parçası haline gelen fotoğraf çekme eyleminin sıradanlaşmaması ve anlamını
yitirmemesi için çalışmada fotoğrafçıların hikâye anlatıcı yaklaşım kapsamında nasıl özgün uygulamalar
yapabileceğine değinilmiş ve bu uygulamalar geçmiş ve çağdaş sanatçıların eserleri ile örneklendirilmiştir.
Çalışmanın kuramsal boyutu yanında fotoğraflarla hikâye anlatımını daha iyi uygulayabilmek için ise konum,
yerleşim, noksanlık, karakterler gibi çekim teknikleri açısından fotoğrafta anlatımı destekleyici unsurlar ele
alınmıştır. Çalışmaya derinlik katması amacı ile sokak fotoğrafları ile hikâye anlatımını geçmişte icra etmiş
veya günümüzde icra eden William Eugene Smith, John Free, Clarissa Bonet gibi önde gelen sanatçıların
eserleri incelenmiştir. Çalışmanın fotoğrafçılara, sanatçılara ve görsel sanat ve tasarım literatürüne katkı
sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir.