bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring the dynamics of snoring in relation to sleep stages: Implications for gender differences, sleep position, and upper airway collapsibility
Authors: Suzuki Masaaki , Kawai Yuichi , Funayama Yoshihiro 
Published: January 2024

Objective
The purpose of this study was to determine the sleep stage during which isolated snoring occurs in children and adults, and to analyze changes after treatment of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).

Methods
This retrospective study examined duration of snoring time and respiratory events during each sleep stage in adults and children who underwent polysomnography, had an apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) < 15/h and had snoring time ≥ 10% of total sleep time. Changes in duration of snoring time were also examined in adult patients after treatment with an oral appliance (OA).

Results
Snoring time was shown to be predominant during N3 and N2 sleep and less dominant during REM sleep in both children (n = 47) and adults (n = 93). These results were seen even in children with REM dependency. The percentage of snoring time during N3 sleep was more pronounced in women than in men among young adult patients aged < 40 years but was not significantly different between men and women overall. There were no significant differences in the percentage of snoring time in each sleep stage between young women with mild OSA and non-OSA. In children, there were no significant differences between boys and girls in the percentage of snoring time in any sleep stage. The percentage of snoring time during N3 was significantly higher sleep in the non-supine position than in the supine position in children, whereas no significant differences were noted between the supine and non-supine positions in any sleep stage in adults. OA treatment for adult patients (n = 20) significantly increased the percentage of snoring time during N3 sleep, although it significantly decreased AHI, total snoring time, and snoring time during N1 sleep and REM sleep.

Conclusions
Snoring presented exclusively during the N3 sleep stage, especially in young women with mild OSA, and in children with OSA, especially in the non-supine position. Snoring time during N3 sleep increased during OA treatment for OSA.
Point prevalence of antibiotic usage in major referral hospital in Turkey
Authors: Ayhan Müge , Coşkun Belgin , Kayaaslan Bircan , Hasanoğlu İmran , Kalem Ayşe Kaya , Eser Fatma , Bilir Yeşim Aybar , Ünlü Serpil , Güner Rahmet 
Published: January 2024

Introduction
The most important and undesirable consequence of inappropriate antibiotic use is the spread of antibiotic resistance, increased adverse effects, increased mortality and healthcare costs. We aimed to assess antibiotic usage characteristics in inpatient setting in our center.

Materials and methods
A one-day, single center point-prevalence study was carried out on June 9th 2021, in Ankara City Hospital in Turkey. Data of antibiotic consumption, appropriateness of usage and predictors of inappropriate use in adult patients were evaluated.

Results
Out of 2640 adult patients, 893 (33.8%) were receiving at least one antibiotic. A total of 1212 antibiotic prescriptions with an average of 1.44±0.64 were found. Antibiotics were most commonly used for therapeutic purpose (84.7%), followed by surgical prophylaxis (11.6%). Majority of therapeutically used antibiotics were empirical (67.9%). Infectious diseases consultation was present in 68.3% with a compliance rate of 95.7%. Rate of inappropriate use was 20%. The most frequent cause of inappropriateness was unnecessary use (52.5%). Most commonly and most inappropriately used antibiotics were carbapenems (17.5%) and first generation cephalosporins (38.7%), respectively. Most of the inappropriateness observed in first-generation cephalosporins was due to inappropriate longer surgical prophylaxis. While age is an independent risk factor for inappropriate antibiotic use (p = 0.042), COVID-19 unit admission, use for therapeutic purpose and infectious diseases consultation were protective factors (p<0.001, p<0.001, p<0.001).

Conclusion
Rate of inappropriate use was low, but inappropriate surgical prophylaxis remains an important problem in surgical units. There is a considerable need to implement an antimicrobial stewardship program that focuses on surgical prophylaxis practices.
The significance of parental mentalizing for four-year-old children’s solitary pretend play
Authors: Smith-Nielsen Johanne , Stuart Anne Christine , Wendelboe Katrine Isabella , Egmose Ida , Roos Camilla Overbye , Væver Mette Skovgaard 
Published: January 2024

BackgroundPretend play is a signature behavior of early childhood and is considered to reflect the child’s emerging symbolic function, enabling the interpretation of social signals, language development, and emotion understanding. While theory links parental mentalizing with children’s pretend play, only a few studies have investigated this association. These studies are limited to infancy and early toddlerhood, and child pretend play is assessed during play with an adult (social play). Based on the assumption that child solitary pretend play reflects the child’s ‘baseline’ pretend play ability, in this study, we investigated children’s pretend play at its peak, i.e., during the preschool age, without the facilitation of another player. The overall objective was to investigate if parental mentalizing increases pretend play complexity in children.MethodsThe sample consisted 99 Danish mothers and their 4-year-old children. Employing a cross-sectional design, we hypothesized that parental mental state language, as an indicator of ‘online’ mentalizing during interaction with the child, is a mechanism through which ‘offline’ mentalizing, measured as parental reflective functioning, is associated with child solitary pretend play. Child pretend play complexity was observed and coded with an adapted version of the 12-Step Play Scale. Maternal offline mentalizing was assessed with the Parental Reflective Functioning Questionnaire, and maternal online mentalizing was assessed by coding the mothers’ mental state language during interaction with the child using a modified version of the mind-mindedness coding scheme.ResultsWhile there was no direct effect of maternal offline reflective functioning on child pretend play, online mental state language mediated the link between offline maternal reflective functioning and child pretend play.ConclusionsThese results provide support for the theoretically assumed link between parental mentalizing and children’s capacity for pretend play. Furthermore, our study contributes to the literature on parental mentalization, suggesting that parental mentalizing facilitates child development only if the parent can translate this ability into ’mentalizing in action’.
Performance comparison of stress hyperglycemia ratio for predicting fatal outcomes in patients with thrombolyzed acute ischemic stroke
Authors: Krongsut Sarawut , Kaewkrasaesin Chatchon 
Published: January 2024

Background
The stress hyperglycemia ratio (SHR), a newly developed metric, is used to assess adverse outcomes in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS). However, the relationship between SHR and fatal outcomes (in-hospital mortality [IHM], malignant cerebral edema [MCE], symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage [sICH], 3-month mortality, and poor functional outcome) in AIS patients receiving recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) treatment is unclear, and determining the optimal threshold remains incomplete.

Materials and methods
We retrospectively enrolled a total of 345 AIS patients treated with rt-PA during 2015–2022 and collected data on various glucose metrics, including different types of SHR, glycemic gap (GG), random plasma glucose (RPG), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c). SHR and GG were calculated using these equations: SHR1, [FPG]/[HbA1c]; SHR2, [admission RPG]/[HbA1c]; SHR3, FPG/[(1.59 × HbA1c)−2.59]; SHR4, [admission RPG]/[(1.59 × HbA1c)−2.59]; GG, admission RPG − [(1.59 × HbA1c)−2.59]. We used multivariable logistic regression analysis (MVLR) to identify the association between different glucose metrics and outcomes while comparing their predictive values.

Results
SHR1 had the greatest predictive power and a more significant correlation with fatal outcomes than other continuous glucose metrics. The area under the curve of the SHR1 for IHM, MCE, and sICH, 3-month mortality, and poor functional outcome were 0.75, 0.77, 0.77, 0.76, and 0.73, respectively. SHR1 (per 1-point increases) was independently associated with IHM (Odds ratios [ORs] = 5.80; 95% CI [1.96, 17.17]; p = 0.001), MCE (ORs = 4.73; 95% CI [1.71, 13.04]; p = 0.003), sICH (ORs = 4.68, 95% CI [1.48–14.82]; p = 0.009), 3-month mortality (ORs = 10.87; 95% CI [3.56, 33.21]; p<0.001), and 3-month poor functional outcome (ORs = 8.05; 95% CI [2.77, 23.39]; p<0.001) after adjustment in MVLR. In subgroup analysis, elevated SHR1 was associated with fatal outcomes in patients with non-diabetes, SBP≥ 180 mmHg, and NIHSS <16.

Conclusion
SHR1 demonstrates an independent association with fatal outcomes in AIS patients treated with rt-PA, exhibiting superior predictive ability over other glucose metrics.
Dielectric and Conductive Characteristics of Polyaniline Coated Short Nylon Fiber Chloroprene Rubber Composites: A Comprehensive Study on Frequency, Temperature and Loading Dependencies
Authors: Chandran A Saritha 
Published: January 2024

In delving into the realm of conducting polymer composites (CPCs), specifically focusing on polyaniline (PANI), polyaniline coatedshort fibers of nylon (PANI-N) and chloroprene rubber (CR), this study takes an exploratory journey. Blending PANI/PANI-N/CR andPANI/CR CPCs mechanically, while adding short nylon fibers significantly improves their mechanical strength. These strong and durable CPCs possess significant promise for a wide range of applications in various devices. Present research methodically probes the dielectric features of CR, PANI/CR and PANI/PANI-N/CR composites across a frequency range of 0.1 to 8 MHz and a temperature span of 303 to 393 K. The results highlight potential correlations between mechanical properties and dielectric behaviour, paving the way for tailored approaches in developing high-performance conducting polymer composites for advanced applications. The study also utilizes theoretical equations and mixing models, which ensures a rigorous validation process that enhances accuracy.
Varonilidade
Authors: Saraiva Teresa 
Published: January 2024

O ensaio visual ora apresentado, é criado a partir de estímulo provocado por desenhos de pessoas significativas, realizados pelo artista, que geram assemblages, como que um complemento, consideração dos primeiros. Neste caso em questão, a tez máscula, produz sua socialmente tida contraposição, a sensibilidade, fragilidade, delicadeza.
As assemblages são constituídas por terra, elementos orgânicos, frutos, folhas, flores secas, com texturas e colorações diversas, direções, pontuações que imprimem um percurso ao olhar.
Comparison of Perioperative and Postoperative Outcomes Among 3 Left Atrial Incisions: Conventional Direct, Transseptal, and Superior Septal Left Atriotomy
Authors: Démoulin Estelle , Adamopoulos Dionysios , Sologashvili Tornike , van Steenberghe Mathieu , Jolou Jalal , Burri Haran , Huber Christoph , Cikirikcioglu Mustafa 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background:
Achieving optimal exposure of the mitral valve during surgical intervention poses a significant challenge. This study aimed to compare perioperative and postoperative outcomes associated with 3 left atriotomy techniques in mitral valve surgery—the conventional direct, transseptal, and superior septal approaches—and assess differences during the surgical procedure and the postoperative period.

Methods:
Inclusion criteria were patients undergoing mitral valve surgery from January 2010 to December 2020, categorized into 3 cohorts: group 1 (conventional direct; n = 115), group 2 (transseptal; n = 33), and group 3 (superior septal; n = 59). To bolster sample size, the study included patients undergoing mitral valve surgery independently or in conjunction with other procedures (eg, coronary artery bypass grafting, aortictricuspid surgery, or maze procedure).

Results:
No substantial variance was observed in the etiology of mitral valve disease across groups, except for a higher incidence of endocarditis in group 3 (P = .01). Group 1 exhibited a higher frequency of elective surgeries and isolated mitral valve procedures (P = .008), along with reduced aortic clamping and cardiopulmonary bypass durations (P = .002). Conversely, group 3 patients represented a greater proportion of emergency procedures (P = .01) and prolonged intensive care unit and hospital stays (P = .001). No significant disparities were detected in terms of permanent pacemaker implantation, postoperative complications, or mortality among the groups.

Conclusion:
Mitral valve operations that employed these 3 atriotomy techniques demonstrated a safe profile. The conventional direct approach notably reduced aortic clamping and cardiopulmonary bypass durations. The superior septal method was primarily employed for acute pathologies, with no significant escalation in postoperative arrhythmias or permanent pacemaker implantation, although these patients had prolonged intensive care unit and hospital stays. These outcomes may be linked to the underlying pathology and nature of the surgical intervention rather than the incision method itself.
Demotic Virtues in Plato’s Laws
Authors: Noé Mariana Beatriz 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
I argue that, in Plato’s Laws, demotic virtues (δημόσιαι ἀρεταί, 968a2) are the virtues that non-divine beings can attain. I consider two related questions: what demotic virtues are and how they relate to divine virtue. According to my interpretation, demotic virtues are an attainable – but unreliable – type of virtue that non-divine beings can improve through knowledge. These virtues are not perfect; only divine beings possess perfect virtue. However, this does not mean that perfect virtue plays no part in the ethical lives of non-divine beings. It serves as a “regulative ideal” for everyone who is not a god.
Evidential strategies in English: not just lexical
Authors: Riddle Elizabeth M. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
English is generally considered to lack grammaticalized evidential markers (Aikhenvald 2004. Evidentiality. Oxford: Oxford University Press). However, Mélac (2022. The grammaticalization of evidentiality in English. English Language and Linguistics 26(2). 331–359) argues that certain uses of seem and other English verbs have grammaticalized as evidentials. He also offers several other examples of what he calls “(semi-)grammaticalized” evidentials. In this article I provide evidence that English also has grammaticalized evidential strategies in the choice between the present and past tenses when either is possible in a particular context, as well as in the use of certain determiners with proper names referring to specific individuals. The relevant contexts involve representation of particular points of view relating broadly to information source through tense and determiner choices. This analysis supports the work of researchers such as Figueras-Bates and Kotwica (2020. Introduction: Evidentiality, epistemicity and mitigation in Spanish. Corpus Pragmatics 4. 1–9: 13), among others, that evidentiality is best seen as “a discursive-pragmatic phenomenon.”
V_a
-deformed free convolution and variance function
Authors: Fakhfakh Raouf 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we deal with the notion of

V
a

{V_{a}}

-deformed free convolution, introduced in [A. D. Krystek and L. J. Wojakowski,
Associative convolutions arising from conditionally free convolution,
Infin. Dimens. Anal. Quantum Probab. Relat. Top. 8 2005, 3, 515–545], from a point of view related to the theory of Cauchy–Stieltjes kernel (CSK) families and their corresponding variance functions. We determine the formula for variance function under a power of

V
a

{V_{a}}

-deformed free convolution. Then we provide an approximation of elements of the CSK family generated by

V
a

{V_{a}}

-deformed free Poisson distribution.
Development of a hybrid geoid model using a global gravity field model over Sri Lanka
Authors: Edirisinghe Dinithi Udarika , Welikanna Duminda Ranganath , Periyandy Thunendran , Bandara Ranmalee 
Published: January 2024

AbstractSri Lanka is still in need of a well-defined local geoid model. This geoidal void has made present-day Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) surveys heavily dependent on Global Geopotential Models (GGMs) for height determination. Further, in many instances, the accuracy of GGMs have shown drawbacks in elevation determination over Sri Lanka. Therefore, the study focused on developing a hybrid geoid model (HGM) for Sri Lanka by integrating the available GGMs. Five high-resolution (2190°) GGMs; EGM2008, EIGEN-6C4, GECO, XGM2019e-2159, and SGG-UGM2 were employed to extract GGM-derived geoid undulation for 21 Fundamental Benchmarks (FBMs). The residuals (geoid height deviation) were calculated relative to the observed geoid undulation using GNSS/leveling on the FBMs. The data set was clustered based on topography, and residuals were adjusted using weighted least squares adjustment (LSA). The uneven distribution of the FBMs promotes topography-based clustering. EIGEN-6C4 is found to be the robust GGM for Sri Lanka to develop a hybrid approach, with a 0.001 m RMS value of estimated residuals in LSA. The resulting HGM was interpolated at 1 arc-second grid resolution (30 m × 30 m) using the Inverse Distance Weighted Interpolation. Regression lines were generated for the interpolated HGM with respect to the interpolated observed geoid undulation for 9 transects along the parallel passing through Mount Pedro and for the 16 transects along the meridian. The coefficient of determination on both lines is 0.999. HGM generated by EIGEN-6C4 has shown reliable RMS gradient and intercept values of 8.860078 × 10−9and 0.0039239, respectively, in first-order polynomial fitting.
Reverse-switching radiative cooling for synchronizing indoor air conditioning
Authors: Liu Yang , Zheng Yi 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Switchable radiative cooling based on the phase-change material vanadium dioxide (VO2) automatically modulates thermal emission in response to varying ambient temperature. However, it is still challenging to achieve constant indoor temperature control solely using a VO2-based radiative cooling system, especially at low ambient temperatures. Here, we propose a reverse-switching VO2-based radiative cooling system, assisting indoor air conditioning to obtain precise indoor temperature control. Unlike previous VO2-based radiative cooling systems, the reverse VO2-based radiative cooler turns on radiative cooling at low ambient temperatures and turns off radiative cooling at high ambient temperatures, thereby synchronizing its cooling modes with the heating and cooling cycles of the indoor air conditioning during the actual process of precise temperature control. Calculations demonstrate that our proposed VO2-based radiative cooling system significantly reduces the energy consumption by nearly 30 % for heating and cooling by indoor air conditioning while maintaining a constant indoor temperature, even surpassing the performance of an ideal radiative cooler. This work advances the intelligent thermal regulation of radiative cooling in conjunction with the traditional air conditioning technology.
Innovative reactor design for the preparation of polymer electrolyte membranes for vanadium flow batteries from preirradiation induced graft copolymerization of acrylic acid and AMPS on PVDF
Authors: Stehle Maria , Lemmermann Torben , Grasser Fabian , Adolfs Claudia , Drache Marco , Gohs Uwe , Lohrengel Armin , Kunz Ulrich , Beuermann Sabine 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
An innovative reactor concept is reported that allows for efficient mass transfer from the liquid phase to the base material and compensates for the growth of the material throughout the synthesis of polymer electrolyte membranes (PEM). The novel reactor allows for the synthesis of PEMs with high reproducibility of their dimensions and properties. PEMs are synthesized via graft copolymerization of the monomers acrylic acid and 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid on poly(vinylidene fluoride) films serving as base material, which was activated by electron beam treatment. Both monomers are already containing protogenic groups; thus, follow-up functionalization reactions are avoided. The PEMs were characterized with respect to their electrochemical properties (area specific resistance, recharge current, and ion exchange capacity) relevant for application in vanadium flow batteries and compared to commercially available PEMs.
QMLE for periodic absolute value GARCH models
Authors: Slimani Walid , Lescheb Ines , Cherfaoui Mouloud 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Periodic generalized autoregressive conditionally heteroscedastic (PGARCH) models were introduced by Bollerslev and Ghysels [T. Bollerslev and E. Ghysels,
Periodic autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity,
J. Bus. Econom. Statist. 14 1996, 2, 139–151];
these models have gained considerable interest and continued to attract the attention of researchers.
This paper is devoted to extensions of the standard absolute value GARCH (AVGARCH) model to the periodically time-varying coefficients (PAVGARCH) one. In this class of models, the parameters are allowed to switch between different regimes. Moreover, these models allow to integrate asymmetric effects in the volatility, Firstly, we give necessary and sufficient conditions ensuring the existence of stationary solutions (in the periodic sense). Secondary, a quasi-maximum likelihood (QML) estimation approach for estimating the PAVGARCH model is developed. The strong consistency and the asymptotic normality of the estimator are studied given mild regularity conditions, requiring strict stationarity and the finiteness of moments of some order for the errors term. Next, we present a set of numerical experiments illustrating the practical relevance of our theoretical results. Finally, we apply our model to two foreign exchange rates: of Algerian Dinar to the European currency Euro (Euro/Dinar) and the American currency Dollar (Dollar/Dinar). This empirical work shows that our approach also outperforms and fits the data well.
Optimization of ACE mode transition control schedule considering geometric adjustment speed
Authors: Song Keran , Jia Linyuan , Chen Yuchun , Tan Tian , Fan Peiyang 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Aiming to optimize the mode transition control schedule of the adaptive cycle engine (ACE), an optimization method based on a gradient algorithm was proposed. During the mode transition, the compressor surge margin, the total turbine inlet temperature and the combustion chamber fuel-air ratio are not exceeded. The integration of thrust by time was selected as the optimization objective. The geometric parameters were updated via the optimization target derivative. The speed limit of the geometric adjustment mechanism was also considered in the optimization process. The control schedules of two mode transition processes, from triple to double bypass mode and from double to triple-bypass mode were optimized. The optimization method presented in this paper can be applied to various mode transitions and the geometric adjustment speed meets all the constraints.