bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pemrograman robot berbasis Flowchart dengan media Fischertechnik Robopro
Authors: Aulia Sabril  
Published: January 2024

Dalam suatu proyek rancang bangun robot, dibutuhkan beberapa keahlian yang pada umumnya terdiri dari bidang ilmu desain, mekanik, elektronik dan pemrograman. Kolaborasi antar bidang ilmu ini dituntut seefisien mungkin meminimalisir miskomunikasi dan memaksimalkan waktu rancang bangun. Untuk meminimalisir miskomunikasi maka kita menggunakan flowchart kerja sebagai acuan, mengingat flowchart adalah alat komunikasi yang baik selain bahasa. Saat ini flowchart tidak hanya menjelaskan hal hal yang bersifat umum, tapi juga dapat membantu dalam pemrograman. Pemrograman robot biasanya menggunakan bahasa program C, Ruby atau sejenisnya, namun kekurangannya pemrograman seperti ini sangat membutuhkan waktu untuk dipelajari penggunaanya. Sehingga waktu pembuatan robot pun menjadi lebih lama. Sehingga munculnya pemikiran untuk mencari alternatif dari permasalahan ini salah satunya dengan mengembangkan flowchart dalam pemrograman. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui bagaimana penggunaan flowchart sebagai alat pemrograman Robot mulai dari beberapa simbol dasar, pemanggilan sub program, percabangan tanpa syarat maupun bersyarat, variable inputan dengan nilai, hingga beberapa simbol yang dibuat khusus untuk fungsi tertentu. Penelitian ini menggunakan perangkat lunak Fischertechnik Robopro dan perangkat keras dengan permainan edukatif bongkar pasang merek Fischertechnik yang dirangkai menjadi beberapa rangkaian input, output, dan kendalian. Hasil dari penelitian ini kita peroleh penggunaan flowchart yang sesuai dengan simbolnya dalam mengeksekusi pemrograman seperti halnya menggunakan pemrograman dengan bahasa program. Untuk penelitian selanjutnya perlu diperbandingan antara flowchart yang dibuat berdasarkan program dari simulator dengan flowchart program robot untuk tugas yang sama.
Reformasi Hukum Acara Pidana Untuk Meningkatkan Efektivitas Sistem Peradilan Dalam Mengatasi Kriminalitas
Authors: Pamungkas Bagas Pamungkas 
Published: January 2024

Criminal law reform is an important effort to increase the effectiveness of the justice system in dealing with crime. In this context, this literature study discusses several key aspects related to criminal law reform. First, this research will discuss the need for criminal law reform as a response to social, economic and cultural changes that influence crime rates. Second, this research will review various approaches that can be taken in criminal law reform, such as changes in sentencing arrangements, reform of judicial procedures, and increasing justice system resources. Third, this study will highlight the important role of the keywords "social change," "community empowerment," and "legal achievement" in the context of criminal law reform to improve the effectiveness of the justice system.

Keywords: ,,, .

Abstrak
Reformasi hukum pidana merupakan upaya penting untuk meningkatkan efektivitas sistem peradilan dalam mengatasi kriminalitas. Dalam konteks ini, studi pustaka ini membahas beberapa aspek kunci yang berkaitan dengan reformasi hukum pidana. Pertama, penelitian ini akan membahas perlunya reformasi hukum pidana sebagai respons terhadap perubahan sosial, ekonomi, dan budaya yang memengaruhi tingkat kriminalitas. Kedua, penelitian ini akan mengulas berbagai pendekatan yang dapat diambil dalam reformasi hukum pidana, seperti perubahan dalam pengaturan hukuman, pembaharuan prosedur peradilan, dan peningkatan sumber daya sistem peradilan. Ketiga, studi ini akan menyoroti peran penting kata kunci "perubahan sosial," "pemberdayaan masyarakat," dan "prestasi hukum" dalam konteks reformasi hukum pidana untuk meningkatkan efektivitas sistem peradilan.

Kata Kunci: Reformasi Hukum Pidana, Efektivitas Sistem Peradilan, Kriminalitas, Perubahan Sosial, Pemberdayaan Masyarakat.
A Review and Prospect of the Research on English Teacher Feedback in China from 2011 to 2021
Authors: Liu Shanshan , Su Yujie 
Published: January 2024

By searching the domestic literature on English teacher feedback from 2011 to 2021, this paper reviews the research on the three main functions of English teacher feedback, namely language function, cognitive function and emotional function, and then summarizes the characteristics and trends of the research on feedback language from the aspects of research perspective, research methods and research objects. Furthermore, some problems existing in the current research are found, and the future development trend of the research is prospected, in order to provide directions for future research.
Aligning Sustainable Development Goal 4 with Provision of Distance Learning through Library Perspective: The Case of the Open University of Tanzania
Authors: Mambo Henry 
Published: January 2024

Sustainable development goal number four (SDG 4) is the education goal whose main focus is to ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities. In that perspective, its focus on the promotion of lifelong learning augurs well with the mainstay of distance education in any country. This linkage is anchored on the quality, timely provision of knowledge through libraries that are entrusted with the role of searching, acquiring, processing and make access to various distance learners knowledge in various forms for their continuous learning and attaining various qualifications. Sustainable development goal number four (SDG 4) lies at the centre of all other goals as it entails transforming societies globally into learned, aware, and one that can cope with changes at economic, political economic and social levels. Impliedly, education for all that is the main proponent of this goal must be achieved using all avenues possible including open distance learning for those that cannot afford it through other conventional education systems. Libraries are the lifeline of open and distance learning. Over years, especially with the fast-changing technologies and more emphasis on e-learning of which open distance learning has also adopted quickly, the role of library has had challenges in terms of the visibility on services it provides, availability of adequate resources to cope with such changes and, skilled staff to offer library services with e-learning base. This paper explores issues related to the role of library services in supporting promotion of lifelong education through distance education systems and as articulated in the sustainable development goal four (4). The paper examines ongoing global as well as national efforts of libraries in supporting distance education in the modern era and through the existing technologies. The linkage of the three variables, i.e. SDG4, distance education and library services is, without any doubt, of critical importance for the continuous growth and improvement of learning through distance education.
The Role of School Library Resource Centres in Resource-Based Learning: A Case of Iringa and Njombe Regions of Tanzania
Authors: Simba Cornelius 
Published: January 2024

The school library system is the most valuable facility of the school and an integral part of the educational process and a tool for teaching and learning. This study explored the role of secondary school library resource centres in resource-based learning in Iringa and Njombe regions of Tanzania. The study used a cross-sectional descriptive survey design. The study involved a sample of 148 heads of secondary schools and 36 school librarians. The types of secondary schools studied included public and private owned schools. The data were collected using questionnaires. This study found that the secondary school library resource centres were vital tools for teaching in the resource-based learning. Librarians cooperatively work with teachers to facilitate resource-based learning. They are also critical for provision of professional expertise to enable teachers and learners to effectively use the resources and services to foster critical thinking and lifelong learning, a prerequisite for resource-based learning.
Teachers Involving Parents (TIP): Comparing Tanzanian In-service and Pre-service Teachers' Beliefs on Parental Involvement
Authors: Malingumu Winfrida Saimon , Kigobe Janeth , Amani Jaquiline 
Published: January 2024

In this study, we compared in-service and pre-service teachers’ perceptions of parental involvement. The study involved 106 in-service teachers from 55 primary schools and 509 pre-service teachers from five teacher colleges. Hoover-Dempsey and Sandler’s model of parental involvement and its questionnaire was used to assess pre-service and in-service teacher’s general beliefs about parental involvement, the importance of specific parental involvement activities, teachers’ beliefs about parent’s efficacy for helping a child succeed in school, and teacher beliefs on the importance of parental involvement in promoting girls education. The parametric test (independent sample t-Test) indicated similarities and differences in pre-service and in-service teacher beliefs on parental involvement. Findings showed more significant means for pre-service teachers on general beliefs about parental involvement and teachers’ beliefs on parents’ efficacy in helping a child succeed in school. Results showed more significant means for in-service teachers’ beliefs on the importance of specific involvement practices and equal means for both pre and in-service teachers on teachers’ beliefs on the importance of parent involvement in promoting girls’ education. This study recommends including parental involvement in teacher education curriculum and ongoing professional development to in-service teachers to stimulate effective parents’ involvement in children’s education. Funding information:The authors received funding from the Flemish Interuniversity Council (VLIR-UOS) for a JOINT project “A capacity building teacher training to enhance parental involvement in primary education as a key factor in child literacy” (JOINTTZ2020JOI031A101).
The Influence of Learning Environment in the Mastering of 3rs in Public Primary Schools in Nyang’hwale District – Tanzania
Authors: Stanslaus Nyaswe , Msoroka Mohamed 
Published: January 2024

This study investigated the influence of the learning environment in the mastering 3Rs in public primary schools in Nyang’hwale District, Tanzania. The study was guided by three objectives namely: factors that lead to pupils’ failure to master 3Rs from standard one up to standard three in public primary schools in Nyang’hwale District, Tanzania, how school environment supports pupils to master 3Rs in public primary schools in Nyang’hwale District. The other objective was to find out the solutions on how we can improve the mastering of the 3Rs to secondary school pupils in Nyang’hwale District. The study used a mixed research approach where both qualitative and quantitative approaches approach were applied. The sample size of the study was 106 respondents, who were obtained through percentages. The participants were selected using simple random sampling stratified sampling and purposive sampling while data of the study were collected through questionnaires and interview guides. Quantitative data were coded through Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) 20 edition and were analysed by thematic analysis technique. On their part, qualitative data were analysed through content after being grouped. The analysed data were presented in charts, graphs, Tables and explanations. The findings of the study show that there was poor mastery of the 3Rs among primary school pupils in Nyang’hwale District. Most of the primary school pupils in Nyang’hwale District were found to have the problem of poor mastering of the 3Rs. In addition, the findings indicate that the teaching and learning environment had a great influence on the mastering of the 3Rs to primary school pupils in Nyang’hwale District. The study recommends that Teachers should implement strategic teaching methodologies and apply current teaching and learning materials.
PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT ON LEARNER-CENTRED TEACHING IN TANZANIA: PERCEPTIONS AND EXPERIENCE OF TUTORS [LECTURERS] IN TEACHER EDUCATION COLLEGES
Authors: N. Josta, L. 
Published: January 2024

The study explored the perceptions and experience of tutorsâ€™ professional development on learner-centred teaching in teacher education colleges. Specifically, it investigated the tutorsâ€™ perceptions of learner-centred approaches, experience of tutors on the effective training programme on learner-centred teaching, and the different models, which exposed tutors to the learner-centred approaches in teaching milieu. This is a qualitative case study design that involved documentary reviews, interviews, reflective journals, and focus group discussion to gather information. The study involved 12 participants obtained from three randomly selected teacher education colleges in Tanzania - south highlands zone. Data analysis employed the thematic analysis and computer software including NVivo 10. Results showed that tutors varied in their understanding about LCA depending on the training of the individual tutor attended which influenced their implementation of the new approach in practice. The study revealed that effective training programmes equipped tutors with knowledge and skills on new teaching approaches and transferred them to job practice. Such training programmes were based on individual, departmental, workplace, community, and experiment as well as initial teacher professional training, mostly supported by the government and international agencies. The study recommends the need for the government to ensure that all tutors irrespective of their subject specialisation should be equipped with the required pedagogical competencies through a focused training model on new approaches and transfer the training effectively in practice.Â Key words: Teacher education, leaner-centred teaching, professional training models, transfer of training, tutors.
THE OPEN UNIVERSITY OF TANZANIA STUDENTâ€™S VOICES ON e-LEANRING
Authors: K. Rwegelera, M 
Published: January 2024

The rapid growth of Information Technology (IT) has made learning to happen very quickly. Keeping pace with these changes requires new outlook and deep thinking of how we should acquire knowledge and skills and the way how we should develop learning materials.Â The advent of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) and the Internet has greatly influenced the way knowledge is conveyed.Â This has resulted in the wide application of e-learning or (electronic learning.) In Education e- learning is referred to as the use of Information and Communication technologies. Elearning ranges from simple applications like e-mail, Internet searching, the use of CD and DVDs for learning purposes.Â Â E-learning technologies have great potential in facilitating course delivery to students at OUT taking into account the spread of students all over the country and beyond; to date there are 32 OUT centres.Â e-learning advantages has attracted OUT because the University sees it as an unavoidable strategy for quality and flexible education hence wider e-leaning application started in 2005/2006.Though elearning approach has good expectations for educational dissemination to OUT students, still its application is associated with many challenges. This study was carried out on 114 OUT students using a qualitative research approach. The aim was to identify the challenges facing students using eleaning in their learning process. The findings of the study revealed a number of challenges associated withÂ Â Â Â course delivery, distance, inadequate knowledge in the use of internet in searching materials, luck of computers and inadequate infrastructure, According to the findings, elearning does not seem to fulfill its mission as it was originally anticipated. The study recommends the use of print to be supplemented by electronic learning (e-learning). an orientation for new students on the use of computers and internet search for study materials.Â Other issues are beyond the Open University implementation.
Desain Bahan Ajar Logaritma Berbasis Pembuktian Matematis
Authors: Hamidah Ida , Susilawati Susilawati , Meiria Rahmasari Shafira 
Published: January 2024

Abstractt
Proof problems are often considered difficult by most students, especially in logarithmic material. These difficulties arise due to the lack of interesting learning resources that discuss logarithms, especially on mathematical proving abilities. The purpose of this research is to design logarithmic teaching materials based on mathematical proof. The subjects in this study were 23 students of SMA 1 Sumberjaya, Majalengka Regency, Indonesia, consisting of 23 students in class X IPA-2. This research is a pre-research of the 4P development design study adapted from the Thiagarajan model, et al. namely: (1) Definition; (2) Design; (3) Development; and (4) deployment. In this study, the stages carried out are limited to stage 3, namely development. The deployment phase will be carried out again later. The method used in this study is kualitatif method with several data collection techniques in the form of tests of students' mathematical proving abilities in logarithmic material, interviews, and teaching material validation questionnaires. Based on the results of the study, it showed that teaching materials were in the proper category with a very good predicate with a percentage of 88.93% from material experts and in the appropriate category with a good predicate of 85.08% from media experts. The results of the practicality test on students amounted to 82.5% indicating that the teaching materials that have been made have a practicality category with a good predicate.

Abstrak
Masalah pembuktian seringkali dianggap sulit oleh sebagian besar siswa terutama pada materi logaritma. Kesulitan tersebut muncul dikarenakan kurangnya sumber belajar menarik yang membahas materi logaritma terutama pada kemampuan pembuktian matematis. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendesain bahan ajar logaritma berbasis pembuktian matematis. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa SMAN 1 Sumberjaya, Kabupaten Majalengka, Indonesia sebanyak 23 siswa kelas X IPA-2. Penelitian ini merupakan pra penelitan dari penelitian desain pengembangan 4P yang diadaptasi dari model Thiagarajan, et al. yaitu : (1) Pendefinisian; (2) Perancangan; (3) Pengembangan; dan (4) penyebaran. Dalam penelitian ini, tahapan yang dilakukan dibatasi sampai tahap 3 yaitu pengembanga. Tahap penyebaran akan dilakukan kembali kemudian. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kualitatif dengan beberapa teknik pengumpulan data berupa tes soal kemampuan pembuktian matematis siswa dalam materi logaritma, wawancara, dan angket validasi bahan ajar. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa bahan ajar berada dalam kategori layak dengan predikat sangat bagus dengan persentase sebesar 88,93% dari ahli materi dan kategori layak dengan predikat bagus sebesar 85,08% dari ahli media. Hasil uji praktikalitas terhadap siswa sebesar 82,5% menunjukan bahwa bahan ajar yang telah dibuat memiliki kategori kepraktisan dengan predikat bagus.
Evaluation of the Impact of Second Trimester Cervical Cerclage on Perinatal Outcomes: The Experience of a Single Tertiary Centre
Authors: Aydın Şenel Selvi 
Published: January 2024

Objectives: The aim of this study is to evaluate the results of patients who underwent cervical cerclage and the contribution of this procedure to the continuation of pregnancy.
Materials and Methods: The records of patients who underwent cervical cerclage with McDonald method in the perinatology clinic of Başakşehir Çam ve Sakura City Hospital between October 2021 and September 2022 were evaluated retrospectively. The study included 58 cases diagnosed with cervical insufficiency in which cerclage was performed between the 14th and 25th weeks of pregnancy. According to the cerclage indication, patients were divided in two groups as elective cerclage (with history indication) and emergency cerclage (with physical examination and ultrasonography indication). Demographic characteristics, pregnancy and neonatal outcomes of the cases were recorded.
Results: Out of the 58 cases included in the study, 57 of them were singleton pregnancies, and one was a twin pregnancy. The patients' mean age was 29.7±5.3 years. The elective cerclage group consisted of 23 cases and the emergency cerclage group consisted of 35 cases. Among the patients applied cerclage, 8 (15.1%) delivered before 24 weeks, 5 (9.4%) delivered between 25-28 weeks, 3 (5.7%) delivered between 29-32 weeks, 10 (18.9%) delivered between 33-36 weeks, and 27 (50.9%) delivered at 37 weeks or later. Elective cerclage patients had a lower mean gestational age (15.6±2.5 weeks) compared to emergency cerclage patients (20.9±2.7 weeks), and the interval for elective cerclage (17.1±7.5 weeks) was statistically longer than that for emergency cerclage (12.6±6.9 weeks) (p: 0.031).
Conclusion: In our study, it has been observed that both elective and emergency cerclage in patients with cervical insufficiency extend the duration of pregnancy, and reduce the incidence of second-trimester loss and preterm birth.
Sandkærgårds lade i Grønhøj fra 1791
Authors: Atzbach Rainer 
Published: January 2024

Sandkærgård’s barn at Grønhøj from 1791The Potato Germans’ only surviving secular building
This article explores to what degree German immigrants imported, adopted or transformed building traditions during their ‘colonisation’ of the sparsely settled heathland of Alhede to the west of Viborg in the late 18th century. The last surviving secular building of the so-called Potato Germans, the barn at the farm of Sandkærgård, is presented as a case study. Between 1760 and 1763, King Frederik V of Denmark invited German immigrants from southern Hesse and Palatinate to settle in the heathlands to the west of Viborg. He aimed to intensify the agricultural use of this sandy, barren and sparsely populated land. About 300 families answered his call and began establishing new settlements in the Alhede area. They saw no future in their homeland, which had been devasted by wars, while the Prussian Seven Year’s War and the so-called French-Indian War prevented them from emigrating to America or Russia. But the new settlers quickly discovered that the heathland was not as fertile as advertised, and neither did the Danish government keep its promises of support. While most immigrants left Denmark again, about 60 families remained in the Alhede.The barn at Sandkærgård is – apart from the parish church in Frederiks – the last preserved building from the immigration period. It has been dendrochronologically dated to 1791. Its half-timbered, single-storey construction without aisles matches fine contemporary Danish buildings. Its sparse use of braces, its single chain of rails on all sides and its roof construction all correspond to common developments in barns in the late 18th century, when the older reversed assembly roof went out of use. One feature, the elevated central part of the eave, has been perceived as a foreign trait rooted in the Hessian or Palatinate building tradition. But there are no evident parallels to this building in the immigrants’ homeland, while the elevated part is documented on the island of Als in northern Schleswig. Perhaps (German-speaking?) craftsmen from Als were engaged in building the new settlements. The barn at the farm of Sandkærgård therefore documents a process of integration and assimilation, where immigrants adopted the cultural traditions and workmanship of their new home.