bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structural implications of amyloidogenic rare variants Ser282Leu and Gln356Arg identified in h‐BRCA1
Authors: Mishra Neha , Dubey Suchita , Kumari Anchala , Khan Mudassar Ali , Kuligina Ekaterina S. , Preobrazhenskaya Elena V. , Romanko Alexandr A. , Yadav Lumbini R. , Sarin Rajiv , Imyanitov Evgeny N. , Varma Ashok K. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPreliminary studies have shown BRCA1 (170–1600) residues to be intrinsically disordered with unknown structural details. However, thousands of clinically reported variants have been identified in this central region of BRCA1. Therefore, we aimed to characterize h‐BRCA1(260–553) to assess the structural basis for pathogenicity of two rare missense variants Ser282Leu, Gln356Arg identified from the Indian and Russian populations respectively. Small‐angle X‐ray scattering analysis revealed WT scores Rg−32 Å, Dmax−93 Å, and Rflex‐51% which are partially disordered, whereas Ser282Leu variant displayed a higher degree of disorderedness and Gln356Arg was observed to be aggregated. WT protein also possesses an inherent propensity to undergo a disorder‐to‐order transition in the presence of cruciform DNA and 2,2,2‐Trifluoroethanol (TFE). An increased alpha‐helical pattern was observed with increasing concentration of TFE for the Gln356Arg mutant whereas Ser282Leu mutant showed significant differences only at the highest TFE concentration. Furthermore, higher thermal shift was observed for WT‐DNA complex compared to the Gln356Arg and Ser282Leu protein‐DNA complex. Moreover, mature amyloid‐like fibrils were observed with 30 μM thioflavin T (ThT) at 37°C for Ser282Leu and Gln356Arg proteins while the WT protein exists in a protofibril state as observed by TEM. Gln356Arg formed higher‐order aggregates with amyloidogenesis over time as monitored by ThT fluorescence. In addition, computational analyses confirmed larger conformational fluctuations for Ser282Leu and Gln356Arg mutants than for the WT. The global structural alterations caused by these variants provide a mechanistic approach for further classification of the variants of uncertain clinical significance in BRCA1 into amyloidogenic variants which may have a significant role in disease pathogenesis.
Drivers and trajectories of multinational migrations of West African international students
Authors: Garvik Marianne , Valenta Marko 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis article focuses on international students from West Africa and their migration trajectories. Based on in‐depth interviews, we investigate the migration drivers and students' motivations to become international students. Building on the analytical framework of multinational stepwise migration, we also explore their aspirations, obstacles and coping strategies at different stages of their migratory paths. This study maintains that this form of international mobility is not solely driven by academic aspirations. We find that international student migration is an increasingly important part of larger mobility projects for West African students. The paper also relates to facilitators of migration, constrained opportunities in the home countries and restrictive mobility regimes that, in conjunction, have impacted the stepwise migration toward the Global North. To fulfil their broader mobility projects, African students often have to engage in complex stepwise migrations and face various struggles and drawbacks. This study has demonstrated that African students from middle‐class backgrounds are not exempt from these struggles.
Defects in Perovskite Solar Cells and Their Passivation Strategies
Authors: Feng Xin , Liang Xuefeng , Fang Zhou , Li Xinxia , Wang Zihan , Li Huifang , Zhang Lisheng 
Published: December 2023

AbstractDue to their excellent photoelectric conversion efficiency and low preparation cost, perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have attracted much attention from researchers and developed rapidly in the past decade. However, the stability and efficiency of perovskite photovoltaic devices still need to be improved for their practical applications. It is mainly because the perovskite thin films are inevitably defective to some extent (such as points defects and extrinsic defects), leading to the occurrence of non‐radiative recombination (NRR) inside the device and at the interface, which is closely related to the stability and efficiency of perovskite materials. Therefore, exploring reliable passivation strategies is essential to overcome the adverse effects of NRR losses of such point defects. Here, this article summarizes the perovskite solar cells, including the crystal structure and calculations of electronic properties of perovskites, composition, and principles of operation of perovskite solar cells, and more importantly, different passivation strategies, including Lewis acid‐base passivation, anionic and cationic passivation, polymer passivation, and alkyl halogen ammonium passivation for the defects involved in perovskite materials. The passivation effects of these strategies and their regulation mechanisms of point defects involving perovskite materials are also presented. We also discuss the intrinsic relationship between crystal defects and device stability and look forward to feasible defect passivation strategy options for future research.
Rose Bengal‐Derived Carbon Quantum Dots as a Fluorescence Probe for the Highly Sensitive Detection of Fe3+ Ions
Authors: Li Chen‐Yu , Zhang Wen‐Jie , Bi Wen‐Zhu , Ma Qiu‐Juan , Feng Su‐Xiang , Chen Xiao‐Lan , Qu Ling‐Bo 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn this study, rose bengal‐derived carbon quantum dots (RB‐CQDs) was synthesized by a one‐step solvothermal method using rose bengal and 1,2‐phenylenediamine as precursors in ethanol at 180 °C for 10 h and purified by silica gel chromatography. The as‐synthesized RB‐CQDs disperses well in water with particle sizes ranging from 0.78 to 2.46 nm and exhibits excitation‐independent yellow fluorescent emission (529 nm), high quantum yield (44.3 %) and good biocompatibility. More importantly, the fluorescence of RB‐CQDs can be selectively quenched by Fe3+ ions with good linear correlation and the detection limit is 19.9 nM. The recoveries of this method in actual water samples are 90 % to 110 % with relative standard deviations less than 5 %.
Human Adipose Tissue Lysate‐Based Hydrogel for Lasting Immunomodulation to Effectively Improve Spinal Cord Injury Repair
Authors: Wang Yu , Chai Ying‐Qian , Cai Jie , Huang Shan‐Shan , Wang Ye‐Feng , Yuan Shan‐Shan , Wang Ji‐Long , Shi Ke‐Qing , Deng Jun‐Jie 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe long‐term inflammatory microenvironment is one of the main obstacles to inhibit acute spinal cord injury (SCI) repair. The natural adipose tissue‐derived extracellular matrix hydrogel shows effective anti‐inflammatory regulation because of its unique protein components. However, the rapid degradation rate and removal of functional proteins during the decellularization process impair the lasting anti‐inflammation function of the adipose tissue‐derived hydrogel. To address this problem, adipose tissue lysate provides an effective way for SCI repair due to its abundance of anti‐inflammatory and nerve regeneration‐related proteins. Thereby, human adipose tissue lysate‐based hydrogel (HATLH) with an appropriate degradation rate is developed, which aims to in situ long‐term recruit and induce anti‐inflammatory M2 macrophages through sustainedly released proteins. HATLH can recruit and polarize M2 macrophages while inhibiting pro‐inflammatory M1 macrophages regardless of human or mouse‐originated. The axonal growth of neuronal cells also can be effectively improved by HATLH and HATLH‐induced M2 macrophages. In vivo experiments reveal that HATLH promotes endogenous M2 macrophages infiltration in large numbers (3.5 × 105/100 µL hydrogel) and maintains a long duration for over a month. In a mouse SCI model, HATLH significantly inhibits local inflammatory response, improves neuron and oligodendrocyte differentiation, enhances axonal growth and remyelination, as well as accelerates neurological function restoration.
Functional suitability assessment of smart contracts: A survey and first proposal
Authors: Vacca Anna , Fredella Michele , Di Sorbo Andrea , Visaggio Corrado A. , Piattini Mario 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBlockchain is a cross‐cutting technology allowing interactions among untrusted entities in a distributed manner without the need for involving a trusted third party. Smart contracts (i.e., programs running on the blockchain) enabled organizations to envision and implement solutions to real‐world problems in less cost and time. Given the immutability of blockchain and the lack of best practices for properly designing and developing smart contracts, it is crucial to assure smart contract quality before deployment. With the help of an exploratory survey involving developers and researchers, this paper identifies the practices and tools used to develop, implement, and evaluate smart contracts. The survey received 55 valid responses. Such responses indicate that (i) inefficiencies may occur during the development cycle of a smart contract, especially regarding requirements specification, design, and testing phases, and (ii) the lack of a shared standard to evaluate the functional quality of implemented smart contracts. To start coping with these issues, the adoption of functional suitability assessment measures recommended by the ISO/IEC 25000 standard, widely used in software engineering, is proposed by adapting them to the context of smart contracts. Through some examples, the manuscript also illustrates how to measure the functional completeness and correctness of smart contracts. The proposed procedure to measure smart contract functional suitability brings advantages to both developers and users of decentralized finance or non‐fungible tokens platforms, data marketplaces, or shipping and real estate services, just to mention a few. In particular, it helps (i) better outline the responsibilities of smart contracts, (ii) uncover errors and deficiencies of smart contracts in the early stages, and (iii) ensure that the established requirements are met.
A survey of episode mining
Authors: Ouarem Oualid , Nouioua Farid , Fournier‐Viger Philippe 
Published: November 2023

AbstractEpisode mining is a research area in data mining, where the aim is to discover interesting episodes, that is, subsequences of events, in an event sequence. The most popular episode‐mining task is frequent episode mining (FEM), which consists of identifying episodes that appear frequently in an event sequence, but this task has also been extended in various ways. It was shown that episode mining can reveal insightful patterns for numerous applications such as web stream analysis, network fault management, and cybersecurity, and that episodes can be useful for prediction. Episode mining is an active research area, and there have been numerous advances in the field over the last 25 years. However, due to the rapid evolution of the pattern mining field, there is no prior study that summarizes and gives a detailed overview of this field. The contribution of this article is to fill this gap by presenting an up‐to‐date survey that provides an introduction to episode mining and an overview of recent developments and research opportunities. This advanced review first gives an introduction to the field of episode mining and the first algorithms. Then, the main concepts used in these algorithms are explained. After that, several recent studies are reviewed that have addressed some limitations of these algorithms and proposed novel solutions to overcome them. Finally, the paper lists some possible extensions of the existing frameworks to mine more meaningful patterns and presents some possible orientations for future work that may contribute to the evolution of the episode mining field.This article is categorized under:Algorithmic Development > Spatial and Temporal Data MiningAlgorithmic Development > Association RulesTechnologies > Association Rules
Anti-racist Praxis in (Science and) Education
Authors: Azarmandi Mahdis , Gray Kelli , Likely Rasheda , Ortiz Huitzilin , Tolbert Sara 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis chapter takes up overarching questions that stemmed from the authors’ participation as panelists in an international town hall at a science educator conference: our vision for cultivating anti-racist and social justice-driven (science) education, challenges we have experienced while enacting this vision, and creative maneuvers and resistance strategies we have used in overcoming those challenges. The chapter (and town hall upon which it is based) brought together racially and geographically diverse educators with a wide range of expertise, from political science to science education, literacy education, teacher education, and social justice education. Our diverse positionalities helped us engage with challenges and possibilities from a more robust and multidimensional perspective. This chapter is not trying to make a case for anti-racism in science education or why we should take on anti-racist projects as part of life and living together in the Anthropocene. Rather, our goal through these conversations was to bring our own experiences to bear on how anti-racist and social justice-driven education can be enacted and sustained in science and education and beyond. We found that our diverse perspectives enabled us to collectively think and imagine beyond the limitations of our own disciplinary and nationalist socializations.
Fluid Management in Cardiogenic Shock
Authors: Srinivasan Shrikanth , Kundu Riddhi 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis chapter discusses cardiogenic shock, a common condition encountered in the ICU. Cardiogenic shock results from decreased cardiac output and manifests as end-organ ischemia. The key diagnostic criteria for cardiogenic shock are identified, and the different clinical presentations of left and right heart failure are described. Fluid management in patients with an impaired cardiac function is complex, and clinicians traditionally titrate fluid therapy based on central venous pressure and clinical examination. However, there may be an overemphasis on fluid restriction in patients with heart failure, and physicians need to identify the subgroup of patients with cardiogenic shock who might actually benefit from fluid replacement. Fluid boluses need to be titrated to specific end points of end-organ perfusion guided by dynamic measures of fluid responsiveness and repeated echocardiographic assessments. While the pulmonary artery (PA) catheter continues to be the gold standard in assessing hemodynamics and fluid requirements in these patients, less invasive or noninvasive modes have shown potential in providing equivalent information without the risks associated with the PA catheter. Understanding the etiology and type of heart failure is crucial in providing additional information and the likelihood of a favorable response to fluid resuscitation. Take-home messages include the importance of identifying different subtypes of cardiogenic shock and etiology, the definitive role of ultrasound and other invasive or noninvasive hemodynamic monitors to guide fluid management, and the need for carefully titrated fluid boluses to specific end points in patients with impaired cardiac function.
Fluid Management in Neurocritical Care
Authors: Kishen Roop 
Published: November 2023

AbstractNeurocritical care (NIC) patients require fluids like other critically ill patients, and general principles of fluid management in the critically ill apply to these patients as well. However, special considerations need to be applied to NIC patients because of the nature of their illness, viz. neurological injury causing problems with brain homeostasis. Isotonic crystalloids are the recommended fluids and colloids are generally to be avoided as should be hypo-osmolar fluids. Occasionally, hyperosmolar fluids are required to control raised intracranial pressure. Care must be taken to maintain normovolaemia, which often requires individualised fluid management and multimodal monitoring. Hypovolaemia exacerbates neurological injury and hypervolaemia is detrimental to brain homeostasis. Clinicians should also keep a careful watch on patients’ electrolyte as abnormalities, especially that of sodium, can occur and may/will affect the choice of fluid infused.
Lie-Poisson gauge theories and κ-Minkowski electrodynamics
Authors: Kupriyanov V. G. , Kurkov M. A. , Vitale P. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWe consider gauge theories on Poisson manifolds emerging as semiclassical approximations of noncommutative spacetime with Lie algebra type noncommutativity. We prove an important identity, which allows to obtain simple and manifestly gauge-covariant expressions for the Euler-Lagrange equations of motion, the Bianchi and the Noether identities. We discuss the non-Lagrangian equations of motion, and apply our findings to theκ-Minkowski case. We construct a family of exact solutions of the deformed Maxwell equations in the vacuum. In the classical limit, these solutions recover plane waves with left-handed and right-handed circular polarization, being classical counterparts of photons. The deformed dispersion relation appears to be nontrivial.
Harnessing the power of curvilinear internal coordinates: from molecular structure prediction to vibrational spectroscopy
Authors: Mendolicchio Marco 
Published: November 2023

AbstractDifferent standard VPT2 codes employ Cartesian coordinates for the computation of rotational and vibrational spectroscopic parameters. However, curvilinear internal coordinates offer a number of advantages provided that a general non-redundant set of coordinates can be built and employed in an unsupervised workflow. In the present paper I summarize the main results and perspectives of a general engine employing curvilinear internal coordinates and perturbation theory for the computation of rotational and vibrational spectroscopic parameters of large molecules beyond the conventional rigid rotor/harmonic oscillator model. Some examples concerning biomolecule building blocks are discussed in some detail in order to better analyze the performance of the proposed strategy.
MET-receptor targeted fluorescent imaging and spectroscopy to detect multifocal papillary thyroid cancer
Authors: Metman Madelon J. H. , Jonker Pascal K. C. , Sondorp Luc H. J. , van Hemel Bettien M. , Sywak Mark S. , Gill Anthony J. , Jansen Liesbeth , van Diest Paul J. , van Ginhoven Tessa M. , Löwik Clemens W. G. M. , Nguyen Anh H. , Robinson Dominic J. , van Dam Gooitzen M. , Links Thera P. , Coppes Rob P. , Fehrmann Rudolf S. N. , Kruijff Schelto 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Multifocal disease in PTC is associated with an increased recurrence rate. Multifocal disease (MD) is underdiagnosed with the current gold standard of pre-operative ultrasound staging. Here, we evaluate the use of EMI-137 targeted molecular fluorescence-guided imaging (MFGI) and spectroscopy as a tool for the intra-operative detection of uni- and multifocal papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) aiming to improve disease staging and treatment selection.

Methods
A phase-1 study (NCT03470259) with EMI-137 was conducted to evaluate the possibility of detecting PTC using MFGI and quantitative fiber-optic spectroscopy.

Results
Fourteen patients underwent hemi- or total thyroidectomy (TTX) after administration of 0.09 mg/kg (n = 1), 0.13 mg/kg (n = 8), or 0.18 mg/kg (n = 5) EMI-137. Both MFGI and spectroscopy could differentiate PTC from healthy thyroid tissue after administration of EMI-137, which binds selectively to MET in PTC. 0.13 mg/kg was the lowest dosage EMI-137 that allowed for differentiation between PTC and healthy thyroid tissue. The smallest PTC focus detected by MFGI was 1.4 mm. MFGI restaged 80% of patients from unifocal to multifocal PTC compared to ultrasound.

Conclusion
EMI-137-guided MFGI and spectroscopy can be used to detect multifocal PTC. This may improve disease staging and treatment selection between hemi- and total thyroidectomy by better differentiation between unifocal and multifocal disease.

Trial registration
NCT03470259
CIRSE Standards of Practice for the Endovascular Treatment of Visceral and Renal Artery Aneurysms and Pseudoaneurysms
Authors: Rossi Michele , Krokidis Miltiadis , Kashef Elika , Peynircioglu Bora , Tipaldi Marcello Andrea 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundEndovascular treatment of visceral and renal artery aneurysms and pseudoaneurysms is an effective, minimally invasive treatment that has been successfully used since the early 1990s, with refined and expanded techniques and tools currently offering excellent outcomes. Due to increased detection of such lesions in recent years, many of which are asymptomatic, revision of the indications for intervention and the correct endovascular treatment approaches has become essential.PurposeThis document will presume that the indication for treatment is clear and approved by the multidisciplinary team and will define the standards required for the performance of each intervention, as well as their relative advantages and limitations. CIRSE Standards of Practice documents are not intended to impose a standard of clinical patient care, but recommend a reasonable approach to, and best practices for, the performance of the endovascular treatment of visceral and renal artery aneurysms and pseudoaneurysms.MethodsThe writing group was established by the CIRSE Standards of Practice Committee and consisted of five clinicians with internationally recognised expertise in endovascular treatments. The writing group reviewed the existing literature on visceral and renal artery aneurysms and pseudoaneurysms, performing an evidence search using PubMed to identify publications in English and relating to human subjects from 1990 to 2022. The final recommendations were formulated through consensus.ResultsEndovascular treatment has an established role in the successful management of visceral and renal artery aneurysms and pseudoaneurysms, and this Standards of Practice document provides up-to-date recommendations for its safe performance.
Enhancing diagnosis of Hirschsprung’s disease using deep learning from histological sections of post pull-through specimens: preliminary results
Authors: Duci Miriam , Magoni Alessia , Santoro Luisa , Dei Tos Angelo Paolo , Gamba Piergiorgio , Uccheddu Francesca , Fascetti-Leon Francesco 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Accurate histological diagnosis in Hirschsprung disease (HD) is challenging, due to its complexity and potential for errors. In this study, we present an artificial intelligence (AI)-based method designed to identify ganglionic cells and hypertrophic nerves in HD histology.

Methods
Formalin-fixed samples were used and an expert pathologist and a surgeon annotated these slides on a web-based platform, identifying ganglionic cells and nerves. Images were partitioned into square sections, augmented through data manipulation techniques and used to develop two distinct U-net models: one for detecting ganglionic cells and normal nerves; the other to recognise hypertrophic nerves.

Results
The study included 108 annotated samples, resulting in 19,600 images after data augmentation and manually segmentation. Subsequently, 17,655 slides without target elements were excluded. The algorithm was trained using 1945 slides (930 for model 1 and 1015 for model 2) with 1556 slides used for training the supervised network and 389 for validation. The accuracy of model 1 was found to be 92.32%, while model 2 achieved an accuracy of 91.5%.

Conclusion
The AI-based U-net technique demonstrates robustness in detecting ganglion cells and nerves in HD. The deep learning approach has the potential to standardise and streamline HD diagnosis, benefiting patients and aiding in training of pathologists.