bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of stage I rehabilitation of medical workers with moderate course of interstitial lung damage associated with COVID-19
Authors: Shpagina L. A. , Drobyshev V. A. , Karmanovskaya S. A. , Loktin E. M. , Shpagin I. S. , Kotova O. S. , Panacheva L. A. , Musienko T. V. , Zaikina E. A. 
Published: January 2024

Aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of early rehabilitation methods for medical workers with severe or moderate lung damage caused by a new coronavirus infection, who are in intensive care units, to improve lung ventilation, gas exchange and bronchial clearance, correct muscle weakness, increase overall physical endurance, mobility, psycho-emotional stability.Material and methods. We examined 53 COVID-19 women with moderate lung injury at stage I of rehabilitation, divided into two groups: main (n = 31, medical personnel) and control (n = 22, working outside of contact with pulmotropic risk factors, including no risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection). Early rehabilitation was carried out in the intensive care unit and in the infectious diseases hospital of City Clinical Hospital No. 2, for patients with COVID-19 rehabilitation plan was drawn up in accordance with temporary guidelines for the medical rehabilitation of a new coronavirus infection.Results and discussion. It was established, that rehabilitation in the conditions of the intensive care unit and the specialized department can significantly reduce the severity of dyspnea, anxiety and depression, positively affects the increase in exercise tolerance, and helps to reduce the activity of systemic inflammation. In patients who have industrial contact with patients with COVID-19, the effectiveness of rehabilitation measures is lower than in the comparison group.Conclusions. To increase the effectiveness of stage I of the rehabilitation of medical workers with COVID-19 and lung damage, it is necessary to conduct more intensive and longer rehabilitation than indicated in the current guidelines.
Associations of TLR gene polymorphism with the risk of rheumatic heart disease
Authors: Sinitskaya A. V. , Khutornaya M. V. , Khryachkova O. N. , Poddubnyak A. O. , Sinitsky M. Yu. , Asanov M. A. , Ponasenko A. V. 
Published: January 2024

Aim of the study was to investigate the associations between TLR gene polymorphism and the risk of rheumatic heart disease (RHD).Material and methods. 251 RHD patients (190 females and 61 males) and 300 healthy donors (190 females and 110 males), whose age was 57 [29; 77] and 53 [21; 80] years (median [lower quartile; upper quartile]), respectively, were recruited in the presented study. Eight polymorphic variants in the TLR gene were genotyped by realtime PCR.Results. We found no statistically significant differences in the frequency of eight polymorphic variants in the TLR1, TLR2, TLR4 and TLR6 genes in the general group of patients. Stratification by gender and age showed that the frequency of the C/C genotype of the TLR1 gene (rs5743551) was increased in females with RHD (11.6 %) compared to the control group (5.3 %); a risk effect was determined for recessive inheritance patterns (odds ratio 2.43, 95 % confidence interval 1.07–5.52, p = 0.029). Moreover, the combination of polymorphic variants TLR2 (rs5743708) – TLR4 (rs4689791) – TLR1 (rs5743551) – TLR2 (rs3804099) showed the greatest significance in RHD risk.Conclusions. Future research on the different populations will allow to discover the general patterns of RHD pathogenesis, which will finally lead to the establishment of therapeutic targets for treatment of streptococcal infection and RHD prevention.
Clinical and laboratory aspects of infectious mononucleosis in different age groups
Authors: Aftaeva L. N. , Mel’nikov V. L. , Romanova V. S. , Borisova E. A. 
Published: January 2024

Infectious mononucleosis is an acute anthroponotic disease that develops as a result of human infection with viruses of the Herpesviridae family: Epstein – Barr virus (EBV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), herpes viruses of the 6th (HHV-6) and 7th types.The aim of our work was to study the clinical features and laboratory parameters of the course of infectious mononucleosis in patients of three age groups.Material and methods. A retrospective analysis of 156 medical records of patients who were on outpatient treatment by an infectious disease specialist at Clinical Medicine Center MedMix was carried out. Patients were divided into three categories according to the age criterion: the first group from 0 to 5 years consisted of 58 (37.2 %) children, the second group was represented by persons from 5 to 18 years old – 58 (37.2 %), the third group was formed by patients from 18 to 53 years old – 40 (25.6 %) people.Results and its discussion. Among children aged 0 to 5 years, boys (67.2 %) more frequently fell sick, and in the group from 18 to 53 years, females (70 %) were more likely to have the disease. Clinical symptoms such as generalized lymphadenopathy (82.7 %), nasopharyngeal lesions (79.3 %) and changes in the general blood test (86.2 %) were most frequently detected in children aged up to 5 years, while fever (81 %) and oropharyngeal lesions (74.1 %) were most frequently detected in patients aged from 5 to 18 years. Liver damage with the development of acute induced viral hepatitis was recorded in all age groups (24.1, 27.6 and 30 %). EBV infection was most frequently diagnosed among children aged from 5 to 18 years and persons aged from 18 to 53 years (in 62.1 and 70 % of cases, respectively, p < 0.05). Mixed infection with the combination of VEB + CMV + HHV-6 was significantly more frequent in children under 5 years of age (34.5 %; p < 0.05).Conclusions. In childhood, the clinical manifestations of infectious mononucleosis were more pronounced. Such intense course of the disease caused frequent visits to an infectious disease specialist and diagnostics with the establishment of an etiological agent. The dominance of EBV infection in the development of infectious mononucleosis in all groups was established. However, at the age up to 5 years, the most common mixed infections were the following combinations: EBV + CMV, EBV + HHV-6, EBV + CMV + HHV-6 and CMV + HHV-6.
Pathological changes of glial cells in the enteric nervous system of the colon with chronic slow-transit constipation
Authors: Chumasov E. I. , Maistrenko N. A. , Romashchenko P. N. , Samedov V. B. , Petrova E. S. , Korzhevskii D. E. 
Published: January 2024

The origin, development and differentiation of enteric nervous system neuroglia and its involvement in the pathogenesis of gastrointestinal diseases and neurodegenerative diseases have been little studied.Aim of this work is a comparative morphological study of glial cells in the ganglionic plexuses of the enteric nervous system and analysis of neuroglial relationships in chronic slow-transit constipation using immunohistochemical methods.Material and methods. Resection material obtained at the Department of Faculty Surgery, S.P. Fedorov Faculty of Surgery of S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy during planned surgical operations was used. The objects of the study were fragments of the sigmoid and colon obtained as a result of surgery for chronic slow-transit constipation (five cases, women aged 37–40 years). The study was carried out using immunohistochemical glial markers (GFAP, S100β protein, etc.).Results. Two types of glia were found in the myenteric ganglionic plexus of the large intestine: astrocyte-like and neurolemmocytic. The astrocyte-like type is similar to the neuroglia of the central nervous system, the neurolemmocytic type is similar to the glia of the autonomic nervous system. It has been established that astrocyte-like glia is found only in the Aauerbach ganglionic plexus, while neurolemmocytes are found in all innervated tissues of the intestinal wall. Reactive, dystrophic and degenerative changes in neurocytes, glial elements, agangliogenosis in the Auerbach plexus were found in all cases of chronic slow-transit constipation. Destructive changes in the neuromuscular terminal plexuses, interstitial edema and inflammatory monocytic reaction and leukocyte infiltration in the intestinal mucosa and intestinal submucosa, found in several cases.Conclusions. The results obtained allow classifying chronic slow-transit constipation as a neurodegenerative disease.
Tubular-villous adenoma against the background of ulcerative colitis (clinical case)
Authors: Semichev E. V. , Gereng E. A. , Chekisheva Т. N. , Kyazimova M. A. 
Published: January 2024

A clinical case of the development of tubular-villous adenoma with moderate epithelial dysplasia (high grade) is described, taking into account the presence of foci of squamous metaplasia in the epithelium of the glands. The pathology presented in the article according to ICD-O has code 8263/2.Description of the clinical case. The patient had an initial colonoscopy in 2020 and was diagnosed with chronic ileitis and colitis with moderate and in some areas high inflammation activity, which is most characteristic of nonspecific ulcerative colitis. The patient was treated by a gastroenterologist. In December 2021, she had a follow-up colonoscopy with the histological material sampling. Endoscopic conclusion: ulcerative colitis, total lesion, exacerbation phase.Results and discussion. When the device was inserted into the rectum at a distance of 13 cm, a neoplasm was visualized, the mucosa was pale, shiny, when trying to pass the device through the narrowing of the contact-vulnerable mucosa, with instrumental palpation, the formation was displaced by a conglomerate, a polyfragmentary biopsy was taken. In the study of histological preparations of the recto-sigmoid junction, a tubular-villous adenoma with moderate epithelial dysplasia (high grade) is determined, taking into account the presence of foci of squamous metaplasia in the epithelium of the glands. According to the literature, with ulcerative colitis affecting almost the entire colon for more than 10 years, there is an increased risk of colon cancer formation (10 %), which increases by 2–5 % annually. The possibility of malignancy is present in 10–20 % of patients with ulcerative colitis for more than 20 years. Other researchers describe the identified low-grade dysplasia as progressing to high-grade dysplasia and carcinoma in 29–54 % of cases.Conclusions. The study of patients with this pathology should be carried out against the background of thorough preparation of the large intestine with modern preparations using high-tech verification methods and polyfragmental biopsy with a qualified assessment of biopsy specimens.
Inulin supplementation in feed as a prebiotic for red tilapia Oreochromis sp.
Authors: Agustina Agustina , Susanto Adi 
Published: January 2024

The objective of this study was to assess the impact of inulin as a prebiotic in feed on red tilapia (Oreochromis sp.) growth performance, hematological parameters, feed utilization, digestive enzyme activity, and the quantity of lactic acid bacteria in the intestine. This study has a fully randomized design with four treatments and three replications, namely inulin at doses of 0, 1, 2, and 4 g/kg feed. One-way ANOVA was used to assess data on growth performance, feed utilization, survival rate, digestive enzyme activity, and the amount of lactic acid bacteria, while the hematological parameters were analyzed descriptively. Red tilapia fry weighing an average of 5.27 ± 0.45 g was raised for 30 days in plastic container containing 40 L of water at a density of 15 fish per container (375 fish/m3). Fish were fed three times a day at satiation. Red tilapia-fed diet supplemented with 4 g/kg inulin of feed had higher body weight increase, protein efficiency ratio, digestive enzyme activity, and amount of lactic acid bacteria while food conversion ratio was lower compared to other treatments (p<0.05). Meanwhile, the specific growth rate and survival rate were not different from the control group. Hematological parameters were within the normal range for all treatments. Thus, the supplementation of inulin in feed of 4 g/kg has the potential as a prebiotic for red tilapia.

Keywords: digestive enzyme activity, inulin, lactic acid bacteria, prebiotic, red tilapia

ABSTRAK

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji pengaruh inulin sebagai prebiotik pada pakan terhadap kinerja pertumbuhan, parameter hematologi, pemanfaatan pakan, aktivitas enzim pencernaan, dan kuantitas bakteri asam laktat di usus ikan nila merah (Oreochromis sp.). Penelitian ini memiliki rancangan acak lengkap dengan empat perlakuan dan tiga ulangan yaitu inulin dengan dosis 0; 1; 2; dan 4 g inulin/kg pakan. One-way ANOVA digunakan untuk menilai data kinerja pertumbuhan, pemanfaatan pakan, kelangsungan hidup, aktivitas enzim pencernaan, dan jumlah bakteri asam laktat, sedangkan parameter hematologi dianalisis secara deskriptif. Benih ikan nila merah dengan berat rata-rata 5,27 ± 0,45 g dipelihara selama 30 hari dalam wadah plastik dengan volume air 40 L dan kepadatan 15 ekor per wadah (375 ekor/m3). Ikan diberi makan tiga kali sehari secara at satiation. Ikan nila merah yang diberi suplemen inulin 4 g/kg pakan menunjukkan pertumbuhan bobot, rasio efisiensi protein, aktivitas enzim pencernaan, dan jumlah bakteri asam laktat yang lebih besar, sedangkan konversi pakan lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan perlakuan lainnya (p<0,05). Parameter laju pertumbuhan spesifik dan tingkat kelangsungan hidup tidak berbeda dengan kelompok kontrol Parameter hematologi berada dalam kisaran normal untuk semua perlakuan. Suplementasi inulin pada pakan sebanyak 4 g/kg berpotensi sebagai prebiotik ikan nila merah.

Kata kunci: aktivitas enzim pencernaan, bakteri asam laktat, ikan nila merah, inulin, prebiotik
The Correlation Between Big Five Personality Types and the Level of Loneliness in Profession Nurse Students in the Agriculture Region
Authors: Dewi Erti Ikhtiarini , Sari Tidar Ferdiana , Fitria Yeni , Rasni Hanny , Hadi Kurniyawan Enggal 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT
Loneliness becomes a phenomenon in early adulthood due to the adolescent crisis towards early adulthood. One of the problems of loneliness is caused by a person's personality. Nursing students are prone to experiencing loneliness because they are in early adulthood, which at this age will go through a stage of psychological development, namely intimacy versus isolation. This study aims to determine the relationship between the big five personality types and the level of loneliness in nursing students. The research design used correlational quantitative with cross-sectional data collection. The number of samples used in this study was 95 respondents using a total sampling of students of the Nursing Professional Study Program, Faculty of Nursing, University of Jember. The Big Five Inventory (BFI) questionnaire was used to identify personality types, while the UCLA Loneliness Scale questionnaire was used to measure loneliness levels. It was found that 32 respondents (33.7%) had agreeableness personality types and 43 respondents (45.3%) experienced moderate loneliness. Data analysis was performed using the chi-square correlation test with a significance level of 0.05. The results showed a p-value of 0.649 indicating that there was no relationship between the big five personality types and loneliness in college students. This happens because it is influenced by several factors such as where you live, the presence of close friends and someone special who will provide space for someone to interact so that feelings of loneliness are reduced.

Keywords: Big Five Personality; Loneliness; Nursing Students.
Characterization and purification of lactase (β-galactosidase) and acid-stable, raw-starch hydrolyzing amylase from jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) seeds
Authors: Mukherjee Abhishek , Goswami Sayandeep , Basu Srabanti 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Lactase is important to treat lactose intolerance that results from the lack of intestinal lactase leading to the inability to digest lactose. Management of the disorder by external enzymes, especially with phyto-enzyme supplementation has not yet been much attempted. The present study reports the recovery of appreciable amount of lactase (900 ± 30U/100 g fresh wt.) from the seeds of jack fruit. The ethanol precipitated fraction of the seed extract could hydrolyze 89 ± 2% and 78 ± 2% of 2% (w/v) and 5% (w/v) lactose respectively at pH 5.0 in 3h at 50°C. Amylase was also detected in the extract (3200 ± 200U/100 g fresh wt.) and the ethanol precipitated fraction hydrolyzed various starches, gelatinized cereal flour (DE value = 43–50) and raw starch (DE value = 16–25). 200KDa lactase (specific activity = 14 ± 0.05 U/mg protein) was purified from the seed extract by ethanol precipitation, followed by ammonium sulphate precipitation, ion exchange chromatography (DEAE Sephadex), size exclusion chromatography (Sephacryl S-300HR) and SDS PAGE. Activity staining by x-gal on Native gel was also performed. Purified lactase was stable in the pH range of 4–8 upto 60°C and displayed a Km and Vmax of 5mM (lactose) and 0.044µmole/min respectively. Purified lactase was unaffected by the action of proteolytic enzymes. Hg2+, Ag+ inhibited the enzyme activity completely (at 1mM conc.) while Ca2+ enhanced the activity by 15 ± 1%. The purified lactase effectively hydrolyzed 1%, 2%, 5% (w/v) lactose solution and pasteurized milk. Lyophilized seed powder and extract remained stable till 18 months of the study period when stored at 0-4°C.
Effect of co-occurring conditions on the pediatric manifestations of catatonia: systematic analysis of individual patient data
Authors: Mottron Laurent , Bourque Vincent-Raphael , Meijer Inge A. , Boujelben Inès , Dialahy Isaora Zefania , Bui-Xuan Eva-Flore 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Importance:
Catatonia is a rare psychomotor syndrome, of which three main subtypes are described, "excited", "retarded" and "malignant". Its diagnosis is challenging in pediatric patients, due to its multitude of presentations, and the overlap of its symptoms with those of the co-occurring conditions. Improved knowledge of the impact of co-occurring conditions on the symptoms of catatonia would allow a more precise diagnosis.
Objective
To investigate the impact of developmental and psychiatric co-occurring conditions, or of their absence (unspecified catatonia) on the symptoms of catatonia, age of occurrence and sex-ratio in pediatric patients. For comparison purposes, patients with catatonia following NMDAR-antibody encephalitis (NMDARE), were included in the analyses, as a model of a medical condition with a known neurotransmitter-related mechanism.
Data Sources:
We searched PubMed, EMBASE and PsychINFO for studies published between January 1, 1995, and September 10, 2021.
Study Selection:
case-reports of patients under 18 years old with catatonia and the selected co-occurring conditions.
Data Extraction and Synthesis:
Co-occurring conditions, catatonia DSM-5 diagnostic criteria and “malignant” symptoms, age at first catatonic signs and sex were individually extracted. From these symptoms, we inferred the "excited", "retarded" and "malignant" catatonia subtypes.
Main Outcome and Measure:
We estimated the effect of co-occurring conditions on the catatonia symptoms and subtypes.
Results
On 1,425 study records,184 (237 patients) were eligible for analysis. The median age was 15 years old. There was a higher ratio of males to females in all conditions except for NMDARE. The "excited" form was more common in neurodevelopmental conditions (beta = 0.608, 95%CI: 0.416, 0.799), psychiatric conditions (beta = 0.261, 95%CI: 0.093, 0.429), and NMDARE (beta = 0.266, 95%CI: 0.047, 0.485), than in “unspecified catatonia’’ (beta=-0,062, 95%CI: -0.236, -0.112); the "retarded" form was more prevalent in psychiatric disease (beta = 0.291, 95%CI: 0.099, 0.483) and less in the medical condition (beta=-0.592, 95%CI: -0.846, -0.339). The "malignant" form was found more in psychiatric (beta = 0.367, 95%CI: 0.230, 0.505) and medical conditions (beta = 0.861, 95%CI: 0.632, 1.090), and less in unspecified condition (beta=-0.551, 95%CI: -0.687, -0.415). Within the different types of catatonia, some symptoms were more specific to one condition. Overall, stupor, mutism and negativism were the symptoms most independent of co-occurring conditions.
Conclusions and Relevance:
Searching for catatonic symptoms most frequently associated with a specific condition may unravel a catatonia otherwise unnoticed. Conversely, analyzing catatonic symptoms may help the clinician in the search for co-occurring conditions.
Low-Frequency Conductivity of Low Wear High-Entropy Alloys
Authors: Shih Chuan-Feng , Yeh Cheng-Hsien , Hsu Wen-Dung , Liu Bernard , Yang Chan-Shan , Kuan Chen-Yun , Chang Yuan-Chun , Huang Kai-Sheng , Jhang Song-Syun , Lu Chia-Yen , Liaw Peter 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

High-entropy alloys (HEAs) provide new research avenues for alloy combinations in the periodic table, opening numerous possibilities in novel-alloy applications. However, their electrical characteristics have been relatively underexplored. The challenge in establishing an HEA electrical conductivity model lies in the changes in electronic characteristics caused by lattice distortion and complexity of nanostructures. Here we show a low-frequency electrical conductivity model for the Nb-Mo-Ta-W HEA and develops highly conductive and low wear HEA thin films. It is found that the compositional linear combinations, or the state-of-the-art cocktail effect, can be used to explain trends in electrical-conductivity changes in HEAs, but they cannot account for the magnitude of the reduction. We calculate the plasma frequency, free electron density, and measure the relaxation time using terahertz spectroscopy, resulting in a close match with experimental electrical conductivity trends and scales. This approach can be employed to predict the electrical conductivity of different HEAs for researchers. As a result, the refractory HEA Nb15Mo35Ta15W35 thin film exhibits both high hardness and excellent conductivity. This unique combination of Nb15Mo35Ta15W35 makes it suitable for applications in atomic force microscopy probe coating, significantly improving their wear resistance and atomic-scale image resolution.
Underestimated Arctic phytoplankton increase under global warming
Authors: Cui Tingwei , Hao Tianyi , Chan Kelvin , Xiang Jinzhao , Wei Yunhong , Hu Huan , Xing Xiaogang , Feng Lian , Liu Dong , Mu Bing 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Phytoplankton, the foundation of marine ecosystems, are undergoing unprecedented changes under global warming, particularly in the Arctic Ocean. Yet the understanding of the long-term and seasonal evolutions in the Arctic phytoplankton is limited due to the lack of observations in the winter half year, including polar nights. Here, utilizing the spaceborne lidar observations, we develop a machine learning-based high-accuracy chlorophyll-a (Chla) retrieved algorithm, establish a monthly Chla dataset for the Arctic Ocean filling the winter-half-year observation gap seamlessly, and reveal the comprehensive long-term trends, full seasonal cycles, and potential drivers of Arctic phytoplankton pioneeringly. Chronically, Chla increased significantly over the period 2007–2021 with the increase in the winter half year surpassing that in the summer half year. The absence of winter-half-year observations in the past resulted in a 10 per cent underestimation of the long-term Chla increase and thereby a 12 per cent underestimation of the annual net primary productivity growth rate, which are considerably alarming and urge immediate updates. Seasonally, in contrast to the interior shelves characterized by the summer single-peak of Chla, all the inflow and outflow shelves are characterized by the spring-autumn double-peak of Chla with a significant increase in autumn algal bloom intensity. The warming-climate-driven elevating nutrients and sea surface temperature, and the corresponding decline in sea ice concentration in the upper Arctic Ocean are the main reasons for the increase in Chla in recent decades. Results suggest that as the world keeps warming, the Arctic Ocean could possess higher productivity and carbon fixation capacity modulating the global carbon cycle.