bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Le processus de réforme municipale dans le cadre de la croissance de l’État québécois
Authors: Divay Gérard , Léveillée Jacques 
Published: January 2024

The process of municipal reform within the framework of the development of the state in Quebec.
The authors analyse the process of reform of municipal administration, relating it to the context of growth in Quebec. They show in particular that Act 125, passed in December 1975, providing for the generalisation of regional county municipalities, would seem to be the logical consequence of the process and change through which Quebec society has gone in the last 20 years.
L’administration des grandes villes en France
Authors: Debbasch Charles , Pontier Jean-Marie 
Published: January 2024

Administration of large towns in France.
The problems facing large municipalities are becoming ever more preoccupying. The traditional approaches applied to the specific circumstances of large towns have proved unsatisfactory, owing to a series of factors : inadequate structures even though a special status is given to large towns ; persistent recourse to private law resources for service management ; insufficient competencies in municipal staff ; insufficient finance. Various reforms, some of which have been implemented, exist in blue-print. The problem is that these reforms apply both to large towns and the rest of ‘communes’, since they have the same status. And although these reforms take into account aspects of large towns, they nevertheless tend to concern mainly medium-size and small municipalities.
Les paradoxes du management public
Authors: Laufer Romain , Burlaud Alain 
Published: January 2024

Paradojas en la gestión pública.
Al terminarse la primera etapa de la historia de la gestión pública se puede preguntar si se trata de algo pasajero ya que se denombran numerosas paradojas en la situación de la gestión pública en Francia, al empezar por el desarrollo del sector público sin paralelo en cuanto gestión pública, además de las paradojas inherentes a la misma definición de la gestión pública, estas paradojas concretizán-dose por ejemplo en el caso de las nacionalizaciones.
L’action administrative et les objectifs sanitaires
Authors: Girard Jean-François 
Published: January 2024

Government Initiative and public health objectives.
Being the health of a population and its study, public health has an ongoing need for epidemiology, economies, social sciences and, ethics. Government activity in public health extends beyond lawmaking and regulation. However, said activity is uncoordinated and lacks a System of priorities. Above ail, public health ought to enjoy greater attention in public debate. To remedy the lack of true policy and insufficient government typical to public health, the author recommends starting by rigorously taking stock of the nation’s health and drawing up a list of objectives and priorities based on coherent policy, thereby making debate irrelevant on preventive vs. acute care and giving way to economic and technical evaluations. This rather negative observation ought not to be a discouragement, but a challenge. The role of government should be all the more stimulating as it is unconventional.
Les enjeux économiques : Sortir du sous-développement
Authors: Lacan Jean-François 
Published: January 2024

Jean-François Lacan, Economic Aspects of Overcoming Underdeveloped Broadcasting.
After 30 years of State broadcasting monopoly and its ensuing distortions (tight budget ceilings, falling new domestic productions), France should overcome her ‘underdevelopment’ by creating new networks, markets and enterprises. However, successive shakeouts in the industry have not solved the chronic problem of the decline of domestic production. Increasing recourse to the logic of private enterprise has yielded inconclusive results : cabling delays and slow market growth despite 6 nationwide channels. Inspiration from abroad would help, especially from the UK and USA.
La communication audiovisuelle dans le Tiers-monde
Authors: Hasbi Aziz , Abderahim Mohamed 
Published: January 2024

Third World Broadcasting.
The Third World ‘hopped on the bandwagon’ of the technological revolution that was passing it by, unevenly matched to compete by market standards. Leaders initially saw broadcasting as an instrument of national unity that would operate in favour of economic development, but this attitude has been abandoned now that major economic and political interests have entered the field. Public debate is therefore important on the new order of international communications and on the role of UNESCO and other international bodies. The development of broadcasting is beset with many problems: insufficient equipment, poorly-defined structures and statutes, financing difficulties and technological dependence. Where lies the potential for international cooperation ? The author considers new bilateral agreements and UNESCO as the prime elements of progress.
Les entreprises et la maladministration
Authors: Dehondt Paul 
Published: January 2024

Business and Misadministration.
The business community defines misadministration as a plethora of sometimes useless and often redundant red tape which they have to fill out, and as a growing body of legislation and regulations covering their particular fields. Furthermore, the administration is unable to simplify formalities or improve tax procedures and business information services. The current structure of tax investigation is under fire, especially criteria to select taxpayers for investigation and ‘productivity’ quotas for tax inspectors. The situation would improve if chartered public accounts were to certify company books.
Les régularisations de la population clandestine dans les démocraties industrielles : un bilan comparatif
Authors: Miller Mark J. 
Published: January 2024

Legalization of Irregular Status Populations in Industrial Democracies : a Comparative Balance Sheet.
The United States, Spain and Italy recently joined France in offering legal status to qualified illegal residents. Legalization programs are components of broader efforts to reform immigration policies which seek above ail to reduce illegal immigration to industrial democracies.
The US legalization policy which is the major focus of the article, actually involved several distinct programs, the most important of which were one open to ail aliens who lived in the US since 1982 and one for agricultural workers. The US programs differed in significant ways from those in Europe. In particular, the major US program did not include a provision for immediate, derived legalization for family members who did not qualify for legalization. The five year gap between the date of eligibility for legalization, January 1, 1982 and the start of the program, May 4, 1987, also was unusual.
Results of the Spanish, Italian and US programs fell short of official expectations. Illegally resident populations are resistant to legalization, but the need for such programs in the future is likely to be recurrent.
Le nouveau fédéralisme et l’évolution du pouvoir local aux États-Unis
Authors: Rouban Luc 
Published: January 2024

The effects of New Federalism on Local Government in the USA.
New Federalism was high on President Reagan’s list of priorities. This vast project was to restructure relations between Federal and State governments in order to return to the institutional balance the Founding Fathers had intended. Despite a difficult start, New Federalism did have significant impact on State and local governments. It catalyzed the creation of a new form of local political life that operates in favour of State government to the detriment of local authority. Athough the institutional model has been generally adopted, New Federalism has in fact turned ‘grass roots’ politics upside down.
L’application des directives communautaires par les administrations nationales (étude comparative)
Authors: Siedentopf Heinrich , Hauschild Christoph 
Published: January 2024

Application of EEC Directives by Member Governments.
This article describes a systematic comparative study of how EEC legislation has been applied by member governments, and shows that the considerable inconsistencies of application resuit from the same obstacles and bureaucratie resistance facing national legislation. The study begins by mapping government administrative areas of responsibility and stresses the need for adequate administrative resources to implement EEC law. It then distinguishes between pragmatic and legislative government administrations, and between private interest groups whose relationships with governments are based on either conflict or consensus.
La Communauté et les collectivités locales
Authors: Biancarelli Jacques 
Published: January 2024

Local Authorities and the EEC.
Local authorities have become fully subject to EEC law. This article explains their new obligations, including tendering procedure, hiring policy and economie intervention, as well as new legal and Financial rights. It further examines the complexity of EEC/local authority relations, since EEC law ambivalently provides for interventionist means to attain non-interventionist ends, and covers the resulting conflicts arising in certain member countries between national govemment and local authorities over respective areas of responsibility : to date ail have been settled in favor of central government. It also shows how local authorities have become a key issue in shaping the European Community since both the EEC and member governments seem reluctant to facing up to powerful, independent authorities by 1993.
Le contrôle général des armées
Authors: Blandin Henri , Bernard François 
Published: January 2024

Office of the Inspector General.
Directly subordinated to the Ministry of Defense, the Inspector General (IG) differs markedly from other monitoring and inspection bodies. This is due to history, geographically distributed duties and services and a dualistic tradition of civilian and military control. IG duties have kept pace with the military establishment : deterrence strategy led the IG to obtain thorough insight into preparedness and to enforce strict cost control. The radical changes to military thinking resulting from advanced technology caused the IG to ensure coherent coordination of procurement policy.
Du bon usage du statut des fonctionnaires pour une gestion moderne des services publics
Authors: Brunhes Bernard 
Published: January 2024

Towards a Better Use of Civil Service Regulations in the Modem Management of Public Services.
Faced with changing administrative structures, and with new information and communication networks that are transforming the role of gouvernment officials, the different brands of conservatism are bent on making the civil service régulations into a convenient scapegoat for blocking much-needed change. Bureaucratic practices are in reality stronger than the civil service regulations. It is perfectly possible to define objectives, to risk the allocation of greater responsability and autonomy to civil servants, and to rally around the aims of public service within the framework of the existing civil service regulations. Ail that is needed is imagination together with a strong attachment to the spécifie values of public service.
Fonctionnaires : des personnels dépersonnalisés
Authors: Pisier Évelyne 
Published: January 2024

Civil Servants : Depersonalized Personnel.
The malaise in the public sector reflects a real identity crisis among civil servants. Until recently, the civil service regulations established identity. They were seen as inseparable from the public service, and as guaranteeing at one and the same time the protection of public servants and the effectiveness of the civil service. The current debate on the State’s effectiveness seriously criticizes the “general and impersonal” status of civil servants which is prescribed by the civil service regulations and the concept of the “depersonalization”. The civil servant finds his identity being called into question, especially in three highly sensitive areas : access to the civil service, procedures for exercising the right to strike, and wages policy. In the last analysis, it appears that only an “overhaul of the public service” will allow civil servants to recover their identity and give the aims of “personalization” and differentiation any real chance of success.
Apprécier la contribution des hommes à l’efficacité de l’organisation : un enjeu pour le secteur public
Authors: Le Boulaire Martine 
Published: January 2024

Appraising the Contribution of Staff to Organizational Effectiveness : a Vital Issue for the Public Sector.
The rapid changes with which the public sector must cope should lead it to ask to what extent it is able to match the objectives of modernization with proper management methods. One such method, the periodic staff report, has corne under strong fire from both the interested parties themselves and the people in charge of human resources management, who see it as a factor impeding much-needed change in the thinking and practices of governmental organizations. The introduction of a staff appraisal scheme, and therefore of a method for evaluating the real contribution of officiais to the effectiveness of the public service appears to be, in the circumstances, an issue of strategie importance.
La communication, le droit, le citoyen
Authors: Latournerie Dominique 
Published: January 2024

Communication, the Law and the Citizen.
The Law in France has endured some serious discredit : first of all because of the mediocrity of the legal rules and the increasing number of laws, decrees and other legal texts ; secondly because of the evolution of society in general. There is a profound separation between the Law and the information that is given. Now is the time to grant the citizen the right to be informed on the state of the Law. It is imperative to instruct the different administrations on how to communicate and important to explain to citizens the extent scope of their rights ; it is also necessary to hear the demands of the citizen who are not only users of the Law but are also at the origin of the Law.
L’enseignement de la gestion à l’ENA de Paris
Authors: Billon Alain 
Published: January 2024

Management Education at ENA Alain Billon
The principle of specialization which governed training courses at ENA until 1958 has gradually given way to the “all-rounder” System, which is now the dominant model at the school. This has been accompanied by greater importance being given to management education, whose very content has changed : it is no longer merely concerned with improving the ability of future senior civil servants to take part in discussions with the business world ; rather it seeks to give them additional tools with which to manage the System of administration. The present course therefore relies on case studies, and consists of several “units” of varying duration (accounting and financial analysis, management control, organization, human resources management, strategic management).
Un grand projet international : le tunnel sous la Manche
Authors: Marcou Gérard 
Published: January 2024

A Huge International Project : the Channel Tunnel
The construction of the Channel tunnel features an interesting innovation : the resorting to a developer and private financing. For a project involving public infrastructure, this is quite an innovation. The management of the project itself implies bringing together decision-makers linked by agreements. The key position of Eurotunnel among them has been consolidated as the work progressed. The States themselves participate by means of the «concession» — resembling an international contract — and are required to be particularly vigilant even though the project depends, economically speaking, on the banks. In spite of problems raised by costs going beyond the original budget, the outlook for the near future appears relatively optimistic as to the meeting of deadlines and concerning traffic forecasts.
Les démarches de projet : une méthode efficace mais exigeante pour la réforme administrative
Authors: Bargas Didier 
Published: January 2024

The Process of Planning a Project : a Demanding Method for Administrative Reform
We are now witnessing a new discovery of the process toward producing an administrative reform project. Ministerial plans for modernisation, projects in favor of delegating wider authority to State representatives in local areas, «service project» and responsibility centers are many ways designed to better match immediate action with future prospects, individual interest and the organisational constraints, basic innovation and strategic planification. So that these steps involved in producing a project may contribute towards an in-depth change in traditional administration, close coopération is needed between a strong political willingness to renovate on the part of government leaders and a wide autonomy in management, and a wider participation at the lower levels in the administration.
Quelle stratégie pour les entreprises publiques en Inde ?
Authors: Basu Prahalad 
Published: January 2024

What Strategy for Public Enterprises in India ?
Although their results are satisfactory from a financial point of view, one has the impression that Public Enterprises are not playing the role they should be playing in the economic development of the country. Indeed, the economic performance of Public Enterprises has been rather inconclusive mainly because they combine both public and private interests, and because of the incomplete nature of the solutions tried and tested so far. The recovery of these enterprises will require a redefining of objectives and evaluation standards. Such recovery also hinges on efforts towards modernisation, restructuring, and technological development.
Belgique. La fonction publique et l’évolution de l’État
Authors: Delpérée Francis 
Published: January 2024

<i>Belgium.
The Civil Service and the Evolution of the State </i>

The shift in status from a single State to a federal State has resulted in the transfer of authority over certain areas and the creation of Community and Regional Civil Service administrations. In addition, unlike other countries, the weakening power of the Government has not been offset by a reinforcement of the role of the administration, even though the Civil Service is rather politicized. Though the Civil Service cannot be characterized by the existence of various "grands corps” or of a special professional training program, it suffers from compartmentalization and there is practically no mobility.
L’Institut national de la consommation
Authors: Reis Marie-Hélène dos 
Published: January 2024

The National Consumer Institute.
The NCI was set up in 1967 and has been marked by a certain ambiguity that is reinforced by its financial autonomy and role in the overall management of consumerism. Its tasks are highly varied : it is an institute for comparative surveys as well as an information centre responsible for several publications. The strengthening of the consumer movement today enables it to focus on playing a technical role, which involves sharing responsibilities with other organizations and the government, and respecting each organization’s autonomy.
Un point de vue d’ingénieur sur la gestion des organisations
Authors: Riveline Claude 
Published: January 2024

An Engineer’s Point of View on Organization Management.
To manage means to evaluate the past and decide for the future. An economic agent bases choices on a small number of criteria, preferably statistical. He organizes them logically because he feels himself to be judged ; he is judged according to the technical nature of his work. The economic actor works within a four-fold framework : materials, persons, institutions and the sacred. Crises resuit from discrepancies which appear between these levels and are manifested by confrontations between three logically incompatible agents : manufacturers, salespersons, and financiers. These imbalances have increased because the work is evolving more and more rapidly.
Les tentatives de modernisation de l’administration en Pologne
Authors: Letowski Janusz 
Published: January 2024

Reforms and Attempts at Modernization in the Polish Public Service.
Tentative reforms adapting the Polish administration to changes in the political and economie System have been more or less successful. If there has been considerable success in the area of Government-citizenry relations, decentralization (which only affects the local authorities) faces financial problems and difflculties in recruiting competent persons to administrative posts. Modernization of the public service (limited essentially to adopting new reglementation, the creation of new bodies, streamlining staff, and training efforts) is running up against material as well as conceptual and methodological difflculties.
La Documentation française. Identité, image et communication
Authors: Jenger Jean 
Published: January 2024

Identity and Image of a Public Enterprise : La Documentation française
The image of La Documentation française, complex and with extremely diversified objectives, is particularly difficult to control. Several efforts are currently underway to comprehend it better : by bringing together the public service and functions of an industrial and commercial nature ; by modernizing its context and work tools ; in decompartmentalizing and remotivating its services ; by providing it with useful instruments for external relations and internal communication.
Les exigences de service public dans la communication d’une entreprise publique
Authors: Merlay Michel , Veyret Gilbert , Weil Gentiane 
Published: January 2024

Public Service Requirements in Public Enterprise Communication A Round Table Discussion
The heads of communication of three large public enterprises exchange their views on the importance of internal communication within public enterprises, internal and outside communication on the values of the public service and adaptation to user needs, the necessity for reconciling the need for transparency and the imperatives of competition, and, more generally, the need to express the combination of public ethics and managerial efficiency specific to public enterprise.
Dans les coulisses du Parlement européen : neuf langues et trois procédures
Authors: Gómez de Enterriá Carmen 
Published: January 2024

<i>The European Parliament behind the Stage :
Nine Languages and Three Procedures </i>

380,000 translated pages, 245,000 printed pages in the nine Community languages, are the total number of official documents of the European Parliament for 1991. In this context, the management problems inherent to the production of parliamentary documents should be analyzed according to the needs of an institution undergoing a slow but constant development process. These needs have increasingly conditioned management methods, in particular with regard to the presentation and the volume of documents.
Peut-on évaluer le rôle des ombudsmans ?
Authors: Moore Victor 
Published: January 2024

Assessing the Ombudsman’s Role.
The independence of the Ombudsman from other State organs, and extensive powers to investigate complaints, explain the extension of the institution in the recent years. However, the lack of common standards makes comparisons in the citizens’ use of the ombudsman very difficult. Many factors (degree of publicity, informality of access procedures, public’s perception of the value the institution to redress grievances...) influence the variations in the number of complaints. Two main issues arise. Firstly it can be questioned whether the System is used by those who need the greatest help. Secondly the value of the Ombudsman to initiate legal and administrative reform should not be overestimated.