bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disruptive Behavior Disorders
Authors: Walsh Joseph 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe disruptive behavior disorders involve a child’s or adolescent’s consistent patterns of behaviors that break the rules of social convention. It is common, of course, for young people to break some rules, and even serious oppositional behavior may be a normal part of those stages of development. Youths who develop disruptive behavior disorders, however, engage in behaviors that create serious and perhaps long-lasting problems for themselves and others. In these circumstances, the children and their caregivers, teachers, and other persons in positions of authority may benefit from an array of intervention, including psychoeducation, so that they can learn ways to help the young people in their care and secure adequate support from others in managing those challenges. The purpose of this chapter is to discuss psychoeducation programs that can be beneficial to participants in correcting the three primary disruptive behavior disorders: oppositional defiant disorder, conduct disorder, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
Narrative In The Hebrew Bible
Authors: Gunn David M , Fewell Danna Nolan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
After almost two centuries of historical criticism, biblical scholarship has recently taken major shifts in direction, most notably towards literary study of the Bible. Much germinal criticism has taken as its primary focus narrative texts of the Hebrew Bible (the `Old Testament'). This book belongs in this movement and provides a lucid guide to its interpretative possibilities. It tries to be both theoretical and practical, combining discussion of method and the business of reading in general with numerous illustrations through readings of particular texts. The opening chapter indicates how literary criticism is related to other dominant ways of reading the text over the last two thousand years, using as an example the story of Cain and Abel. In subsequent methodological chapters, the authors discuss characters, not excluding the narrator and God; plot, modifying recent theory to accommodate the peculiar complexity of biblical narratives; and the play of language through repetition, ambiguity, multivalence, metaphor and intertextuality. The concluding chapter, on readers and responsibility, explores the ideological dimension of narrative interpretation, with particular attention to Genesis 1-3, a story which has generated much discussion about gender and social hierarchy. Does this text define or challenge the statusquo (of either the ancient or the modern world)? The authors lay out some of the debate and question what values are at work when we and others read and champion readings. Other extended readings include: the stories of Abraham and Sarah, and of Tamar and Judah in Genesis, the book of Jonah, and the account of Nebuchadnezzar and the three Jews thrown into the fiery furnace, fromthe book of Daniel. An extensive bibliography completes the book, arranged by subject and biblical text.
Strategies for Reading
Authors: Gunn David M , Fewell Danna Nolan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Stories are a staple of human life. And stories abound in the Hebrew Bible. For many people in biblically influenced cultures, vague recollections of Abraham and Sarah journeying to the promised land or David felling the giant Goliath are a large part of their small conscious acquaintance with the Bible. For others, however, some of those stories are intimately known. The Jewish community constantly reaffirms its identity by retelling the Passover story from Exodus, just as Christians tell and retell the story of Jesus’ last supper from the New Testament. African-Americans, too, have deeply embraced the story of Moses and the children of Israel seeking freedom from slavery. The list could be extended indefinitely.
Abraham and Sarah: Genesis 11–22
Authors: Gunn David M , Fewell Danna Nolan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
For some readers who have read selected stories about the first patriarch, Abraham is the man of faith, the man who obeyed God even when it meant leaving his home, even where it meant sacrificing his son. For readers who are willing to read the whole story in its final form, however, Abraham can be seen as a man of frequent surprise and great contradiction. Waffling between faith and unfaith, courage and cowardice, he meanders along supposedly in search of the fulfilment of God’s promise.
Designs on the Plot
Authors: Gunn David M , Fewell Danna Nolan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Plot is the organizing force or principle through which narrative meaning is communicated. There must be events for there to be story; not random events but events that are connected, events that have design, that form a pattern—events that are in fact ‘plotted’. It is this plotting of events that allows narrative to communicate the temporal nature of its message. For the meaning of narrative is not static, like that of a painting, but something that is developed through time—the time of the characters living out the events of their narrative lives and the time of readers as they enter and ‘live out’ the lives of the characters they read.
Jonah and God: the Book of Jonah
Authors: Gunn David M , Fewell Danna Nolan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Setting the plot in motion YHWH summons Jonah to a mission. The story breaks the rules right from the start—there is virtually no exposition. Nineveh’s evil has confronted (affronted?) YHWH who has decided to do something about it by means of Jonah. Who is this Jonah? Where and when does he live? The narrator tells us nothing, though the sentence has a decidedly prophetic ring to it—reminding us perhaps of Jeremiah’s commissioning (Jeremiah 1) or Isaiah (Isaiah 6). And, indeed, a prophet of this name has appeared before, Jonah ben Amittai (‘Dove, son of Faithfulness’), in 2 Kgs. 14: 25. There he announces the restoration of (northern) Israel’s borders, in the time of King Jeroboam ben Joash, several decades before the Assyrians finally destroy the northern kingdom. So, although nowhere in the story is the term ‘prophet’ used, we may decide that Jonah is an Israelite prophet.
Readers and Responsibility
Authors: Gunn David M , Fewell Danna Nolan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This book has been about producing meaning from biblical narrative in ways that have long been familiar to literary critics of secular literature. In some cases we have seen that conventions of composition in biblical narrative are not entirely familiar. For example, Hebrew narrative is tolerant of, indeed enjoys, the repetition of key words or even scenes in ways that defy modem conventions of composition in English. And the mixture of genres—narrative, law, poetry—in Genesis—2 Kings may disturb our sense of unity. So, too, the way this story appears to be ‘strung together’ out of a seemingly heterogeneous collection of stories. Nevertheless, we have been able to speak of character and plot and point of view, of ambiguity and metaphor and allusion, in terms that connect our reading of this ancient literature with readings of literature of the modem western, especially English-speaking, world.
Stroke
Authors: Evans Grimley J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Stroke is one of the most dreaded of afflications of old age and one that puts heavy strains. on both statutory and informal caregivers. The incidence of stroke increases as a power-law function of age, in which respect it resembles most adult cancers.2 The fatality of stroke, however, also increases with age so that the rise in prevalence with age is less steep than the incidence figures might lead one to expect. Other things remaining equal, the aging of populations will have less effect on the numbers of stroke victims in the community than it will on the numbers of those suffering from some other impairments, particularly dementia—for which prevalence rises more steeply with age. For example, projections for the period 1981 to 2001 for England and Wales suggest that, although the number of people afflicted by moderate to severe dementia will increase by 20 per cent the increase in numbers of stroke victims in the community will increase by only 3 per cent. The number of acute hospital admissions for stroke, reflecting incidence rather than prevalence, will increase by 12 per cent. These projections were made on the assumption of no change taking place in the incidence of stroke or in the deployment or efficacy of treatment. This section examines these assumptions and the following section goes on to review current good practice in the treatment of acute stroke.
Falls in later life
Authors: Gibson Mary jo 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Falls are the most frequent and serious home accident involving the elderly. Everyone involved with older people is familiar with their fear of falling and of the serious consequences which may result from a fall. The consequences range from the indignity and embarrassment of sprawling on the ground with torn clothes, a split shopping bag and a bruised face, to the need for prolonged hospitalization following a fracture of the femur. From the perspective of the older person, falls are painful and frightening, and may lead to loss of confidence, restrictions in mobility, depression, and death. Even if the fall does not result in physical injury, elderly victims of falls may lose confidence in their ability to engage in routine physical and social activities, resulting in isolation and withdrawal. Their families may feel guilty that they did not prevent the fall and attempt to impose limitations on their loved one’s independence.
Prevention in the aging
Authors: Davies A M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This review is based on the premise that the objective of care of the elderly ‘is to help old people remain as independent as possible for as long as possible and to offer them as much control over their lives as possible’. Preventive activities therefore must address themselves to pathological processes and to the normal frailties of old age, as well as to the social and physical environment which could enhance or ameliorate their effects. The distinction between prevention and cure becomes academic.
Introduction
Authors: Kane R L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Care for the elderly in different settings has in common the centrality of primary care and the family. With attention to the problem of those elderly persons with dependency needs, concerns are focused on the role of the informal support systems. For the most part, this informal care is provided by family. Changing patterns of family relationships precipitated by mobility and altered family structures. raise special concerns about the future of this form of care. In developed countries. as women enter the labour force in greater numbers, they will be less available to provide such care. In developing countries, migration from rural to urban areas and changes in living and working arrangements threaten to leave the elderly with fewer family resources.
The role of the family in the care of the elderly in developing countries
Authors: Aaraba APT Nana 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The global aging of nations is an inevitable consequence of development bringing about higher standards of living, better nutrition, and improved health care. There is, however, a wide range of negative situations and conditions confronting older persons in society today which are the by-products of such development processes. Conversely, the widespread achievement of old age in this century is historically acknowledged to have been the greatest human advancement.
Nursing home care for the elderly
Authors: Hirschfeld Miriam J , Fleishman Rachel 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The purpose of this chapter is to ask a few basic questions about nursing homes and to shed some light on the issues involved. Hopefully, these arguments and data will prove helpful to a thoughtful consideration of social policy issues regarding long-term care in both developed and developing countries. It is not the purpose of this chapter to review the vast literature on nursing homes, which covers topics such as quality of care, over-and undersupply of beds, regulations, descriptions of life in nursing homes and personal and literary descriptions of residents’ experiences, the effect upon nursing home residents of a wide variety of nursing home characteristics as numerous accounts on the misuse of nursing homes, and other related topics.
Occupational health services for agricultural workers
Authors: Sekimpi D K 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Agriculture is one of the oldest occupations; perhaps as old as human civilization. The ancient Egyptian and Mesopotamian civilizations, for example, flourished on agriculture. Even today, with industrialization, in the space and information ages, the security of a nation mainly depends on how much of its food needs can be produced internally. The low economic status of developing nations has had a negative influence on the pace of provision of social and welfare services, especially health care and education. Consequently, occupational health care has largely not been extended to include the majority of workers in developing countries, who work in the agricultural sector. Other reasons for the low consideration of agriculture workers for occupational health care are historical.
Multinationals and occupational health services
Authors: Tordoir W F 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Occupational health services (OHS) operating in developing countries for undertakings which are part of the same multinational enterprise are in a special position when compared with other occupational health services in developing countries. In addition to be able to benefit from developing experience and expertise in occupational health in the country or region in which they are established, occupational health services operating in or for an operating company of a multinational enterprise usually have the advantage of being in contact with a central occupational health (OH) function, usually based in a developed country.
The economics of occupational health services
Authors: Phua K H 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Socio-economic considerations play a major role in all aspects of developmental activities, such as agriculture, trade, industry, and health. In addition, the state and level of a country’s economic development can be shown to be a major determinant of its morbidity profile, and is associated with the standards of health services and health-related activities a country can support. Health programmes and their implementation are thus influenced by macroeconomic considerations and policies. (Lee and Mills 1983; Sorkin 1976).At the same time, the health of a population, especially of its productive working groups, can itself influence economic progress. Occupational health programmes can therefore be seen as part of a comprehensive developmental strategy aimed at improving the social and economic welfare of the working population. Such a strategy demands the selection of those programmes which improve occupational health efficiently and effectively, especially preventive health services, and the provision of other support services such as occupational hygiene, environmental sanitation, or actions aimed at improving safety and working conditions.
Endemic diseases
Authors: Levy B S , Choudhry A W 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter examines the relationship between endemic diseases and occupational health in developing countries, both in general and with regard to specific common endemic diseases. Before exploring this subject in detail, it is helpful to look at some of the interrelationships between work and health. In any society, work has an important impact on health and health has an important impact on work. Work also plays a critically important psychological role in the development and maintenance of self-esteem and a sense of order (WHO 1988). In addition, work can aggravate a variety of health conditions of nonoccupational origin (WHO 1988). Unemployment too can adversely affect health.
Accidents at work
Authors: Laitinen H , Vähäpassi A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Every year, throughout the world, millions of industrial accidents occur. Some of them are fatal, and others result in varying degrees of disability. Every accident causes suffering to the victim, a considerable proportion must cause anguish to their families, and many&x2013;especially those resulting in death or permanent disablement–may have a catastrophic effect on family life. Moreover, all accidents waste time and money. Accidents are still a serious problem in the developed countries; but bearing in mind the quality of working conditions in the developing countries, the control of accidents and accident prevention programmes there should be given priority.
Sources of information in occupational-health practice
Authors: Takala J , Clevenstine E , Fedotov I , Nahmias M , Obadia I , Sandi G 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The information activities of any unit dealing with occupational health at the enterprise, industry, national, or international level consist of information collection, processing, storage, and dissemination. The basic purpose of a library is to collect books, periodicals, and other documents, and make them available for convenient use. General libraries of a certain importance, such as national and academic libraries, are usually divided into different sections. The information concerning safety and health at the workplace will mostly have to be located in the section devoted to science and technology literature, and will represent only one part of the information stored in that particular section.
mycobac1’erial diseases
Authors: Gallagher J , Jenkins P A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Tuberculosis is a chronic granulomatous disease resulting from infection with either Mycobacterium tuberculosis, M. bovis, or M. avium. Man is the natural host for M. tuberculosis and birds for M. avium. Mycobacterium bovis is the cause of tuberculosis in cattle but is also highly infectious for man and can pose a serious lifethreatening zoonotic risk. World Health Organization data for 1990 (Anon 1993) indicated that just over 3 million people worldwide died from tuberculosis, more than all other infectious diseases combined. Over 8.5 million cases of tuberculosis were diagnosed that year. Although the very great majority of these cases were associated with infection due to M. tuberculosis, a very small, largely undetermined portion of these enormous totals resulted from M. bovis infections. Where data have been available, approximately 1-5 per cent of isolates from cases have proved to be Al bovis, implying that this zoonosis still produces a considerable toll of disease and death in man.
Microsporidiosis
Authors: Canning Elizabeth U 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Four microsporidia have been reported from mammals other than man. These are: Encephalitozoon cuniculi, causing disseminated infections in a wide range of rodents, lagomorphs, carnivores, and primates; Thelohania apodemi, giving rise to cysts in the brain of field mice, Apodemus sylvaticus; Microsporidium buyukmichii in the cornea of a cat; and Microsporidium simiae in the jejunal enterocytes of a Callicebus monkey, Callicebus moloch cuprous. Of these only E. cuniculi has also been reported from humans.
Introduction
Authors: Owen Nicholas 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Estimates of progress in the field of human rights over the last few decades vary greatly. Some point to the positive developments: the widening acceptance of human rights claims by governments that had hitherto ignored them, and the emergence of advocacy groups, including Amnesty International itself, dedicated to monitoring and publicizing human rights abuses, and lobbying for action to end them. We might note too the growth of a network of human rights conventions and instruments, of international systems for scrutinizing the extent to which they are observed, and of the increasing use of human rights conditions in trade negotiations, aid programmes and arms sales, where they formerly had no place. Others point out how far there still is to go. The seeming international consensus about human rights is largely a product of Western hegemony, not of genuinely secured agreement. Indeed, there is considerable dispute over the extent and status of human rights, seen most clearly in the argument that social duties, such as respect for community standards, may sometimes take precedence over individual rights, such as the right to free expression. Monitoring of human rights abuse remains very patchy, redress very partial, while prevention hardly happens at all.
Introduction to Peter Singer
Authors: Broome John 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Peter Singer is probably the world’s best-known living philosopher. This is not just because he is an excellent philosopher. Of course, he is that, and his work includes a great deal of important, perceptive, tightly argued, analytical writing about many of the difficult theoretical problems of moral philosophy. This part of his work engages with the concerns of professional philosophers. It has contributed to and stimulated a great deal of intellectual debate within the philosophy departments of universities. However, I am not thinking of Singer’s recognition within the profession of philosophy, but of his recognition amongst the public at large. More ordinary people around the world know of Singer’s work than any other philosopher’s.
Introduction to Susan Sontag
Authors: Lee Hermione 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
I am proud and delighted to be introducing Susan Sontag’s Amnesty lecture, since for me, as for many women of my generation and younger, she has been for many years an intellectual heroine and example, for her brilliance, her ardor, her intellectual courage, her toughness and her voracious energies. Novelist, critic and historian, champion of human rights, commentator and interpreter on an astounding range of cultural issues, from politics and illness to photography, opera, film, drama and painting, there seems to be nothing she hasn’t read, nothing she wouldn’t be able to write about, and nothing she can’t do.
Response to George
Authors: Likosky Michael B 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
It is popular to view the post-Second World War period as an era of growth and prosperity. Free enterprise has produced untold wealth and opportunity and, for those persons either permanently or temporarily unable to compete, the welfare state ensured that none would be left behind. With the end of the Cold War, so the narrative typically proceeds, the last impediment to state intervention in the market was overcome. Globalization and privatization thus represent a natural progression to a higher economic order. The free market system has at last come of age and the desirability and need for planned economies such as the welfare state have outworn their use and outstayed their welcome. Opportunity abounds and individual rather than structural impediments are all that stand in the way of creating one’s own piece in the everexpanding pie of global capitalism.
Response to Shiva
Authors: Sikand Yogi 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The mantra of globalization, Vandana Shiva tells us in her essay entitled ‘Food Rights, Free Trade, and Fascism’, spells doom and destruction for millions of people in the so-called’ Contrary to what the global media insist on our hearing, she argues that, far from helping to usher in more freedom and democracy for people who need them most, viz. the poor and the marginalized, the globalization project is actually calculated to further enrich ruling elites and Western corporations. Economic liberalization, she says, is further adding to the misery of peasants and workers in ‘Third World’ countries, and, this being the case, it is imperative for human rights advocates to take a strong stand against it.