bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dinuclear, Tricyclometallated Platinum(II) Derivatives − Substitution Reactions and Reactivity of the Platinum−Carbon Bonds
Authors: Zucca Antonio , Cinellu Maria Agostina , Minghetti Giovanni , Stoccoro Sergio , Manassero Mario 
Published: September 2004

AbstractIn the recently reported dinuclear cyclometallated species [Pt2(R)(L)(DMSO)2] [H3L = 6‐phenyl‐2,2′‐bipyridine; R = Me (1a), Ph (1b)] the threefold deprotonated ligand L links the two platinum atoms acting as an N′,C(3) and a C,N,C donor. Aspects of their reactivity have been studied first with regards to the substitution of the two DMSO ligands, which are coordinated to the platinum atom trans to a nitrogen and a carbon atom, respectively. Substitution of DMSO with neutral two‐electron donors affords several new species, all having the same bridging ligand L: [Pt2(R)(L)(L′)2] [L′ = PPh3 (2a, 2b), CO (3a, 3b)] and [Pt2(R)(L)(L′)(DMSO)] [L′ =3,5‐Me2‐py (4a)]. The potentially bidentate diphosphane Ph2P(CH2)3PPh2 (dppp) gives a more complex specieshaving both chelating and bridging dppp ligands [{Pt(Me)(L)(dppp)}2(μ‐dppp)] (5a). The reactivity of the platinum−carbon bonds with HCl has been studied in complexes 1a, 1b and 2a, 2b and found to be strongly dependent on the nature of the ancillary ligands. To discern the most labile of the four metal−carbon bonds, the reaction has been carried out with 1 equiv. of HCl under mild conditions. Although the reaction is not selective and minor species are formed, cleavage of the Pt−Me (1a) and Pt−Ph (1b) bonds is favoured — [Pt2(L)Cl(DMSO)2] (6) can be isolated and spectroscopically characterised from the reaction with either 1a or 1b. Substitution of PPh3 for DMSO in 6 gives [Pt2(L)Cl(PPh3)2] (7) as the thermodynamically stable isomer having a trans Cl−Pt−C arrangement. The structure of complex 7 has been solved by X‐ray crystallography. In contrast, reaction of 2a or 2b with HCl proceeds by another route: even with excess HCl the Pt−Me and Pt−Ph bonds are unaffected whereas one of the Pt−C bonds of the pincerlike C,N,C system is cleaved to selectively give [Pt2(R)(HL)Cl(PPh3)2] [R = Me (8a), Ph (8b)]. The same bond is cleaved also in 1a and 1b by excess HCl to give [Pt2(HL)(Cl)2(DMSO)2] (9). (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
Monocyclooctatetraenyl(dithiolene)uranium Compounds
Authors: Arliguie Thérèse , Thuéry Pierre , Fourmigué Marc , Ephritikhine Michel 
Published: September 2004

AbstractThe neutral mononuclear dithiolene compounds [U(cot)(dithiolene)(tppo)2] [cot = η‐C8H8; dithiolene = dddt (9), dmio (10), mdt (11)], [U(cot)(dithiolene)(hmpa)2] [dithiolene = dddt (12), dmio (13), mdt (14)], [U(cot)(mdt)(bipy)] (15) and [U(cot)(mdt)(terpy)] (16) were obtained by treating the dimeric complexes [{U(cot)(dithiolene)}2] [dithiolene = dddt (3), dmio (4), mdt (5)] (dddt = 5,6‐dihydro‐1,4‐dithiine‐2,3‐dithiolate; dmio = 1,3‐dithiole‐2‐one‐4,5‐dithiolate; mdt = 1,3‐dithiole‐4,5‐dithiolate) with the corresponding Lewis base [triphenylphosphine oxide (tppo), hexamethylphosphoramide (hmpa), 2,2′‐bipyridine (bipy), or 2,2′:6′,2′′‐terpyridine (terpy)]. Complexes 9·2THF, 11·2THF, 12, 13, 14, 15 and 16·1.5py have been crystallographically characterized. The crystal structures show a significant interaction between the C=C double bond of the dithiolene ligand and the metal centre. The 1H NMR spectra reveal the fluxional behaviour of the compounds in solution in relation to the facile inversion of the dithiolene ring. The variation of the activation energies of the inversion process reflects the steric congestion of the complexes. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
NMR Observations of Interligand Interference in the Molecular Motion of Double‐Stranded Dinuclear Helicates
Authors: Houjou Hirohiko , Schneider Nathanaëlle , Nagawa Yoshinobu , Kanesato Masatoshi , Ruppert Romain , Hiratani Kazuhisa 
Published: September 2004

AbstractDouble‐stranded dinuclear complexes with either twisted or parallel arrangements were obtained by reaction between Schiff‐base ligands and PdII ions. Linear ligands mainly afforded twisted arrangements, while macrocyclic ligands forced the complex to adopt parallel arrangements. In these dinuclear complexes, one isomer could not be converted into the other even upon prolonged heating. The NMR spectra showed that the chemical shifts of the diastereotopic protons can be used as an indicator to distinguish between the arrangements. The NOE cross‐peak characteristics of the complexes with twisted arrangements are interpreted with reference to the crystal structure of a CuII complex as an isostructural model of the PdII complex. Variable‐temperature measurements revealed the rotational interference between the ligands of the counterpart strands, the first time that this has been observed for helically arranged complexes. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
Small Metal‐Containing Oligomers Using M2(dmpm)x and M2(dmb)y Luminescent Building Blocks (M = Cu, Ag; x = 2, 3; y = 1, 2)
Authors: Fournier Éric , Decken Andreas , Harvey Pierre D. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractThe luminescent binuclear complexes M2(dmpm)32+ [M = Cu, Ag; dmpm = bis(dimethylphosphanyl)methane], Ag2(dmpm)22+ and Cu2(dmpm)3(CN‐tBu)22+ (as BF4− salts), as well as the oligomers described as {Cu2(dmpm)3(dmb)1.332+}3 and {Ag2(dmpm)2(dmb)1.332+}3 (dmb = 1,8‐diisocyano‐p‐menthane), have been prepared and fully characterized in the solid state. These compounds exhibit emission maxima ranging from 445 to 485 nm with emission lifetimes in the μs time scale. The X‐ray structures for the M2(dmpm)32+ (M = Cu, Ag) and Cu2(dmpm)3(CN‐tBu)22+ complexes, XRD patterns (X‐ray powder diffraction), DSC (differential scanning calorimetry), TGA (thermal gravimetric analysis), and the solid‐state IR spectra have been examined in order to characterize these complexes and oligomers. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
Cover Picture: Extending The Reaction Landscape of the {Pt(μ‐S)2Pt} Core: From Metal Centers to Non‐Metallic Electrophiles (Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. 18/2004)
Authors: González‐Duarte Pilar , Lledós Agustí , Mas‐Ballesté Rubén 
Published: September 2004

AbstractThe cover picture shows a butterfly mimicking the main features of compounds [L2Pt(ν‐S)2PtL2] (L2 = phosphane). Its flight simulates the flexibility of the {Pt(ν‐S)2Pt} core about the S−S axis; its body represents the strongly nucleophilic sulfide ligands and the wings the {PtL2} fragments. Exploration of the reactivity of the butterfly compounds has revealed an exceptionally rich and diverse chemistry. Details are discussed in the Microreview by P. Gonza�lez‐Duarte et al. on p. 3585 ff., who acknowledge Victor Sarto i Monteys for the butterfly picture (V. S. i M. holds the copyright).
Sensitivity Improvement of the Oxidation of Tetracycline at Acetylene Black Electrode in the Presence of Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate
Authors: Dang Xueping , Hu Chengguo , Wei Yingliang , Chen Wanhua , Hu Shengshui 
Published: September 2004

AbstractThe oxidation of tetracycline (TC) was investigated at an acetylene black electrode in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). TC exhibited a sensitive oxidation peak in the medium system, which was attributed to the enhanced adsorption of protonated TC at the negatively charged SDS film on the electrode surface. The mechanism of the electrode process was discussed, and some experimental conditions were optimized. The oxidation peak current was proportional to TC concentration in the range of 1.2×10−7–6.0×10−5 M, and based on three times the background signal, a detection limit of 1.2×10−8 M was obtained for 150 s accumulations. The method has been used to determine TC in honey and pharmaceutical, and the results compared favorably.
Seismic performance evaluation of steel arch bridges against major earthquakes. Part 1: dynamic analysis approach
Authors: Usami Tsutomu , Lu Zhihao , Ge Hanbin , Kono Takeshi 
Published: September 2004

AbstractIn this study the inelastic behavior of steel arch bridges subjected to strong ground motions from major earthquakes is investigated by dynamic analyses of a typical steel arch bridge using a three‐dimensional (3D) analytical model, since checking seismic performance against severe earthquakes is not usually performed when designing such kinds of bridge. The bridge considered is an upper‐deck steel arch bridge having a reinforced concrete (RC) deck, steel I‐section girders and steel arch ribs. The input ground motions are accelerograms which are modified ground motions based on the records from the 1995 Hyogoken‐Nanbu earthquake. Both the longitudinal and transverse dynamic characteristics of the bridge are studied by investigation of time‐history responses of the main parameters. It is found that seismic responses are small when subjected to the longitudinal excitation, but significantly large under the transverse ground motion due to plasticization formed in some segments such as arch rib ends and side pier bases where axial force levels are very high. Finally, a seismic performance evaluation method based on the response strain index is proposed for such steel bridge structures. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Geomorphic controls on contaminant distribution along an ephemeral stream
Authors: Reneau Steven L. , Drakos Paul G. , Katzman Danny , Malmon Daniel V. , McDonald Eric V. , Ryti Randall T. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractSediment‐borne contamination in a watershed can be highly variable as a result of ﬂuvial processes operating over a range of time scales. This study presents a detailed analysis of the distribution of one contaminant along an ephemeral stream after 55 years of sediment transport, deposition, and exchange by ﬂash ﬂoods. Wastewater containing plutonium was discharged into the Pueblo Canyon watershed from 1945 until 1964, and plutonium concentrations in ﬂuvial deposits vary over ﬁve orders of magnitude. These variations can be attributed to three primary factors: time since contaminant releases, particle‐size sorting, and mixing of sediment from different sources. The highest concentrations occur in ﬁne‐grained sediment deposits near the source that date to the period of efﬂuent releases, and concentrations are lower in younger deposits, in coarser‐grained deposits, and in deposits farther downstream. The spatial distribution of plutonium is strongly affected by longitudinal variations in the size of sediment deposits of different age. A major aggradation–degradation cycle in the lower canyon overlapped with the period of active efﬂuent releases, and a signiﬁcant portion of the total plutonium inventory is contained within large coarse‐grained deposits below ﬁll terraces that post‐date 1945. The spatial pattern of contamination is thus determined by the speciﬁc geomorphic history of the watershed, in addition to processes of mixing and sorting during transport that occur in all ﬂuvial systems. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Highly restricted expression of Cre recombinase in cerebellar Purkinje cells
Authors: Zhang Xin‐Mei , Ng Alam Hoi‐Lam , Tanner Julian A. , Wu Wu‐Tian , Copeland Neal G. , Jenkins Nancy A. , Huang Jian‐Dong 
Published: September 2004

AbstractThe Purkinje neuron, one of the most fascinating components of the cerebellar cortex, is involved in motor learning, motor coordination, and cognitive function. Purkinje cell protein 2 (Pcp2/L7) expression is highly restricted to Purkinje and retinal bipolar cells, where it has been exploited to enable highly specific, Cre recombinase‐mediated, site‐specific recombination. Previous studies showed that mice carrying a Cre transgene produced by insertion of Cre cDNA into a small 2.88‐kb Pcp2 DNA fragment expressed Cre in Purkinje cells; however, some Cre activity was also observed outside the target tissues. Here, we used Red‐mediated recombineering to insert Cre cDNA into a 173‐kb BAC carrying the entire intact Pcp2 gene, and characterize the resultant BAC/Cre transgenic mice for Cre expression. We show that BAC/Cre transgenic mice have exclusive Cre expression in Purkinje and bipolar cells and nowhere else. These mice will facilitate Purkinje cell and retinal bipolar cell‐specific genetic manipulation. genesis 40:45–51, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Terrestrial trace fossils from the Lower Old Red Sandstone, southwest Wales
Authors: Morrissey Lance B. , Braddy Simon J. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractAn assemblage of terrestrial trace fossils is described from the Lower Old Red Sandstone of Pembrokeshire, southwest Wales, preserved in mainly fine‐grained alluvial facies (channel and overbank sediments, deposited by predominantly ephemeral flows within a semi‐arid environment), and thin tuffaceous horizons. The ichnofauna is dominated by an extensive, but low diversity Beaconites ichnocoenosis, comprising the meniscate backfilled burrow Beaconites barretti. Concentrations of these burrows (up to 30 per square metre) show normal size distributions, representing periodic colonization events (inferred as a response to seasonal desiccation) of subaerially exposed (partly indurated) sediments, probably by a population of eoarthropleurid myriapods penetrating the substrate to the level of the water table in order to aestivate and/or moult. Arthropod trackways also characterize an active arthropod epifauna of arachnids (Paleohelcura; first Welsh record) and myriapods (two forms of Diplichnites up to 160 mm wide) and Diplopodichnus. Additional ichnotaxa include arthropod foraging and resting traces (bilobed trails, Tumblagoodichnus and Selenichnites), ‘scratch arrays’ and worm burrows (Cochlichnus, and Palaeophycus) and faecal pellets all representative of the Scoyenia ichnofacies. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Variable alluvial sandstone architecture within the Lower Old Red Sandstone, southwest Wales
Authors: Williams Brian P. J. , Hillier Robert D. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractSandstone bodies within the Lower Old Red Sandstone (ORS) in southern Pembrokeshire exhibit variability in architecture, sediment grade and composition both spatially and temporally. Four architectural styles are observed, namely decimetre‐ to metre‐thick sheets, metre‐thick multi‐storey amalgamations, inclined‐heterolithic units and ribbon geometries. Sandstone bodies in the Freshwater East Formation are sheet‐like, heterolithic units several metres thick. An association with lingulids and wave ripples alludes to a marine influence, possibly estuarine tidal flats or storm washovers. Within the Moor Cliffs Formation, the most common sandstone bodies are centimetre‐ to metre‐thick sheets with high width‐to‐depth ratios. Fine‐grained sandstones represent sheet‐flood deposition on unconfined, planar surfaces, whereas coarser‐grained sandstones constitute distinctive amalgamations of discrete flood events, reflecting either a change in provenance or tectonic influence. Clear incision of coarse‐grained, multi‐storey units within the Inter‐Tuff Moor Cliffs Formation reflects a change in relative sea‐level, possibly tectonically induced.The base of the Conigar Pit Sandstone Member (CPSM) is marked by a distinctive, exotic‐clast conglomerate defining the base to heterolithic, lateral‐accretion bedsets and sandstone sheets. This association defines a significant influx of coarse‐grained sediment post‐Chapel Point Calcrete formation, an interval of presumed topographic stability across the Anglo‐Welsh Basin. This influx must reflect rejuvenation of source regions, with changes in base‐level reflecting either eustatic or tectonic influences. Commonly observed in the CPSM are fine‐grained, inclined‐heterolithic bedsets recording deposition by highly sinuous rivers with flashy discharge. Up‐sequence within the CPSM are metre‐thick, multi‐storey amalgamations of predominatly trough cross‐stratified medium‐ to coarse‐grained sandstone. It is likely that these units are genetically related to contemporaneous decimetre‐thick sandstone sheets, the latter being ‘splay’ events marginal to the main channel axis. The interbedding of multi‐storey sandstones and fine‐grained laterally accreted units reflects changes in provenance, slope and/or climate.Thickness variations within the Lower ORS detail significant thickening of all units northward into the Benton Fault. It seems likely that this thickening reflects variable accommodation space development associated with active growth along this and other WNW–ESE‐trending faults, and migration of channel belts toward the footwall. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Health insurance and treatment seeking behaviour: evidence from a low‐income country
Authors: Jowett Matthew , Deolalikar Anil , Martinsson Peter 
Published: September 2004

AbstractThis paper analyses the effect of being insured under the voluntary component of Vietnamese Health Insurance, on patterns of treatment seeking behaviour. A multinomial logit model is estimated using household survey data from three provinces in Vietnam. Decisions regarding both the type of provider sought and type of care received are analysed. Insurance status is treated as both exogenous and endogenous to account for potential selection bias. The results indicate that, overall, insured patients are more likely to use outpatient facilities, and public providers, an effect that is particularly strong at lower income levels. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A longitudinal analysis of mental health mobility in Britain
Authors: Hauck Katharina , Rice Nigel 
Published: September 2004

AbstractThis paper is concerned with quantifying the level of mental health mobility in the British Household Panel Survey (BHPS). We investigate whether the extent of intertemporal fluctuations in mental health is different across categories of socio‐economic group such as income quintiles, educational attainment and social class. Our measure of mental health is the 12‐item version of the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) that serves as a self‐administered screening test aimed at detecting psychiatric disorders. Using 11 waves of the BHPS and a variety of methods we show there is much mobility in mental health from one wave to the next. Further the extent of mobility varies across socio‐economic categories with greatest persistence observed in more disadvantaged groups. In general, these groups suffer poorer mental health and experience more periods of ill‐health. Our results have implications for the design of appropriate prevention policies targeting mental illness within different risk groups, and also for the measurement of long‐term inequalities in mental health across socioeconomic groups. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Surgical treatment outcomes of localized squamous carcinoma of buccal mucosa
Authors: Ganpathi Iyer Shridhar , Pradhan S. A. , Pai P. S. , Patil S. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractBackground.The purpose of the study was to analyze the outcomes after surgical therapy (peroral wide excision) for early squamous carcinoma of the buccal mucosa.Methods.This is a retrospective study of localized squamous carcinoma of the buccal mucosa treated with peroral wide excision at a major tertiary‐care hospital.Results.A total of 147 consecutive patients were analyzed. One hundred eight patients (73.5%) had no recurrence, whereas 18 (12.2%) had a local recurrence, 11 (7.5%) had regional metastasis, and 10 (6.8%) had locoregional recurrence over a median follow‐up of 46 months. Most patients with local recurrences (15 patients, 83.3%) and regional metastases (eight patients, 72%) could be salvaged with treatment. In contrast, only four patients (40%) with locoregional recurrence could be salvaged. Most of the recurrences in this study group occurred within 2 years of primary treatment (29 [74%] of 39 patients). Three‐year actuarial overall survival rate and disease‐free survival rates were 91% and 77%, respectively.Conclusions.Peroral wide excision seems to be an adequate procedure for early squamous carcinoma of buccal mucosa. Histologic grade of the tumor emerged as the only prognostic factor of significance for recurrence in this study. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 26: 897–902, 2004
Motivation to learn and diversity training: Application of the theory of planned behavior
Authors: Wiethoff Carolyn 
Published: September 2004

AbstractAlthough training programs are an important component in most companies' diversity initiatives, little theoretical guidance is available for their implementation. This article proposes a model based on the theory of planned behavior, which addresses the roles of attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control in motivation to learn from a diversity training program. The model suggests a number of hypotheses that could be tested to enhance our understanding of the motivation‐to‐learn construct. Additionally, the model provides practical advice for companies seeking to implement successful diversity training programs.
Recent advances in tumour antigen‐specific therapy: In vivo veritas
Authors: Mahnke Yolanda D. , Speiser Daniel , Luescher Immanuel F. , Cerottini Jean‐Charles , Romero Pedro 
Published: September 2004

AbstractModern cancer therapies should strive not only to eliminate malignant tissues but also to preserve healthy tissues and the patient's quality of life. Antigen‐specific immunotherapy approaches are promising for either aspect since they are designed to only act against tissues expressing 1 or more specified tumour antigens. In order to develop successful vaccine and adoptive transfer protocols, longitudinal monitoring of cancer patients taking part in clinical trials is mandatory. Here, in vivo expansion of antigen‐specific cells, as well as their ex vivo functional status represent important parameters to be analysed. To obtain results that most closely reflect the cells' in vivo status, functional assays must be carried out with as little in vitro culturing as possible. The present minireview discusses recent advances in these domains.
Poverty, underdevelopment, and infant mental health
Authors: Richter Linda M. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractGreat advances have occurred in disciplinary and professional knowledge of infant development and its influence on subsequent development. This expertise includes the ways in which early experiences affect the capacity of mature individuals for social adjustment and productive competence and promising methods of intervention to promote infant mental health and prevent adverse sequelae of risk conditions. However, very little of this knowledge has been applied in work amongst infants and children living in conditions of poverty and underdevelopment. This lack of application continues despite the enormous threats to the well being of infants and young children brought about by the combined effects of poverty and the AIDS pandemic, especially in southern Africa. Protein–energy malnutrition, maternal depression, and institutional care of infants and small children are cited as illustrative of areas in which interventions and their evaluation are desperately needed in resource‐poor countries. An argument is made for the critical importance of considering and addressing psychological factors in caregivers and children in conditions of extreme material need. An example is provided of a simple intervention model based on sound developmental principles that can be implemented by trained non‐professionals in conditions of poverty and underdevelopment.