bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving the Heat Transfer Performance of the Tower Molten Salt Solar Receiver With the Novel Folded Flow Tubes
Authors: Liu Yun , Wang Wenzhao , Zhang Chuanzhi , Li Tao , Zhao Xu 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The molten salt has been widely used in concentrated solar power generation as an effective high-temperature heat transfer and heat storage working fluid. However, due to the concentrating characteristic of the tower receiver, the solar flux distribution of the molten salt receiver is extremely non-uniform, and thus the circumferential non-uniform heat flux has a prominent effect on the heat transfer performance and reliability of the traditional solar molten salt receiver tube (TRT). In this contribution, in order to solve above problems, we propose some novel folded flow tubes (NFTs), which add a partition in the tube and seal the top with end cap so that the inflow and outflow of the fluid can only proceed from the same cross section. Then, we apply the binary nitrate (solar salt) as a heat transfer fluid, which is a mixture of 60% sodium nitrate and 40% potassium nitrate. First, we analyze some effects such as flow parameters, structure, and heat flux loading direction on the convective heat transfer performance of the NFTs. The results show that the circumferential temperature difference of NFTs is about 17–92 K lower than that of TRT, and the molten salt temperature distribution is more uniform accordingly. Moreover, the heat transfer coefficient is increased about 88.37–122.85%, which can provide a guidance for the structural optimization of practical solar molten salt receivers to improve the heat transfer performance and reliability.
Experimental and Theoretical Analysis of Immersion Cooling of a Li-Ion Battery Module
Authors: Salvi Swapnil S. , Surampudi Bapiraju , Swarts Andre , Sarlashkar Jayant , Smith Ian , Alger Terry , Jain Ankur 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Overheating of Li-ion cells and battery packs is an ongoing technological challenge for electrochemical energy conversion and storage, including in electric vehicles. Immersion cooling is a promising thermal management technique to address these challenges. This work presents experimental and theoretical analysis of the thermal and electrochemical impact of immersion cooling of a small module of Li-ion cells. Significant reduction in both surface and core temperature due to immersion cooling is observed, consistent with theoretical and simulation models developed here. However, immersion cooling is also found to result in a small but non-negligible increase in capacity fade of the cells. A number of hypotheses are formed and systematically tested through a comparison of experimental measurements with theoretical modeling and simulations. Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy measurements indicate that the accelerated cell aging due to immersion cooling is likely to be due to enhanced lithium plating. Therefore, careful consideration of the impact of immersion cooling on long-term performance may be necessary. The results presented in this work quantify both thermal and electrochemical impacts of a promising thermal management technique for Li-ion cells. These results may be of relevance for design and optimization of electrochemical energy conversion and storage systems.
Experimental Study for the Enhancement of Thermal Efficiency and Development of Nusselt Number Correlation for the Roughened Collector of Solar Air Heater
Authors: Kumar Dheeraj , Layek Apurba , Kumar Amit , Kumar Rakesh 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The solar air heater’s thermal efficiency is relatively poor owing to the flat collector surface. This article’s primary objective is to increase the collectors’ thermal efficiency of rectangular ducts of solar air heater by adopting a novel V-shaped twisted rib element with staggering orientation. Experimentations are performed for various flow Reynolds numbers ranging from 3 k to 21 k, roughness pitch-to-rib height ratio ranging from 7 to 11, and staggering distance-to-rib height ratio between 2 and 6. Dispersion of Nusselt number over the collector surface is achieved through the liquid crystal thermography technique. Among the varied rib and flow constraints, it is observed that a maximum thermal performance enhancement index of 2.69 is observed, with the optimum value of the roughness parameter at a rib pitch-to-height ratio of 9 and a staggering distance-to-height ratio of 4. Mathematical correlation has also been developed using a regression model to estimate the Nusselt number in terms of non-dimensional roughness parameters. The percentage deviation between the Nusselt number attained from established relationships and the investigational results is found to be giving very satisfactory outcomes. The thermal efficiency of the smooth surface is recognized at 41.64% which increases for the roughened surface of twisted V-ribs to 73.63%. Hence employing twisted V-ribs as an artificial roughness element no doubt increases the Nusselt number, thermohydraulic performance enhancement index, and thermal efficiency, but it also exerts less frictional power of solar air heater.
An update on novel taxa and revised taxonomic status of bacteria isolated from non-domestic animals described in 2022
Authors: Burbick Claire R. , Lawhon Sara D. , Munson Erik , Thelen Elizabeth , Zapp Amanda , Wilson Anastasia 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT

Numbers of new and revised microbial taxa are continuously expanding, and the rapid accumulation of novel bacterial species is challenging to keep up with in the best of circumstances. With that in mind, following the template of reports on prokaryotic species isolated from humans, this is now the second publication summarizing new and revised taxa in non-domestic animal species in the
Journal of Clinical Microbiology
. The majority of new taxa were obtained as part of programs to identify bacteria from mucosal surfaces and the gastrointestinal tract from healthy wildlife. A few notable bacteria included new
Erysipelothrix
spp. from mammalian and aquatic sources and a novel
Bartonella
spp. isolated from a rodent, both of which could be considered members of emerging and re-emerging genera with pathogenic potential in humans and animals.
V3 tip determinants of susceptibility to inhibition by CD4-mimetic compounds in natural clade A human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) envelope glycoproteins
Authors: Anang Saumya , Zhang Shijian , Fritschi Christopher , Chiu Ta-Jung , Yang Derek , Smith III Amos B. , Madani Navid , Sodroski Joseph 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT

CD4-mimetic compounds (CD4mcs) bind the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) gp120 exterior envelope glycoprotein (Env) and compete for binding to CD4, the host receptor. CD4mcs prematurely trigger conformational changes in Env similar to those induced by CD4, leading to transient activation of infectivity followed by irreversible virus inactivation. Natural HIV-1 variants exhibit a wide range of susceptibilities to CD4mc inhibition, only a small fraction of which can be explained by variation in the gp120 Phe-43 cavity/vestibule where CD4mcs bind. Here, we study Envs from the resistant HIV-1
BG505
and the more sensitive HIV-1
191955_A4
clade A strains. The major determinant of the relative sensitivity of the HIV-1
191955_A4
Env to CD4mcs mapped to a single residue change (F317Y) in the tip of the gp120 V3 variable loop. In the Envs of several HIV-1 strains, replacement of the more prevalent Phe 317 with a tyrosine residue increased virus sensitivity to multiple CD4mcs. Tryptophan substitutions at residues 317 and 316 resulted in increases and decreases, respectively, in sensitivity to CD4mcs. Some of the gp120 V3 changes increased virus sensitivity to inactivation by both CD4mc and cold exposure, phenotypes indicative of increased Env triggerability. Infection of CD4-negative cells expressing the CCR5 coreceptor by these Env variants was triggered more efficiently by CD4mcs. For the panel of studied HIV-1 Envs, resistance to the CD4mcs was associated with decreased ability to support virus entry. These studies illustrate how variation in gp120 outside the CD4mc binding site can influence the sensitivity of natural HIV-1 strains to inhibition by these compounds.

IMPORTANCE
CD4-mimetic compounds (CD4mcs) are small-molecule inhibitors of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) entry into host cells. CD4mcs target a pocket on the viral envelope glycoprotein (Env) spike that is used for binding to the receptor, CD4, and is highly conserved among HIV-1 strains. Nonetheless, naturally occurring HIV-1 strains exhibit a wide range of sensitivities to CD4mcs. Our study identifies changes distant from the binding pocket that can influence the susceptibility of natural HIV-1 strains to the antiviral effects of multiple CD4mcs. We relate the antiviral potency of the CD4mc against this panel of HIV-1 variants to the ability of the CD4mc to activate entry-related changes in Env conformation prematurely. These findings will guide efforts to improve the potency and breadth of CD4mcs against natural HIV-1 variants.
Antimicrobial peptide LL-37 disrupts plasma membrane and calcium homeostasis in
Candida albicans
via the Rim101 pathway
Authors: Chen Sheng-Yuan , Chang Che-Kang , Lan Chung-Yu 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT

Antimicrobial peptides play an important role in human innate defense against microbial pathogens. LL-37 is the only member of the human cathelicidin family of antimicrobial peptides. We previously showed that LL-37 targets the cell wall of
Candida albicans
, thereby reducing cell adhesion to plastic surfaces, oral epidermoid cells, and urinary bladders of mice. Moreover, LL-37 also induces cell wall and endoplasmic reticulum stress responses. Here, we found that LL-37 alters plasma membrane properties. In addition, LL-37 affected calcium homeostasis and induced the generation of reactive oxygen species associated with mitochondria and vacuoles. Finally, the Rim101 pathway was linked to the cellular response to LL-37. Together, these findings provide new insights into anti-
C
.
albicans
actions of LL-37 and highlight the complex cellular responses induced by LL-37.

IMPORTANCE

Candida albicans
is a major human fungal pathogen, and antimicrobial peptides are key components of innate immunity. Studying the interplay between
C. albicans
and human antimicrobial peptides would enhance a better understanding of pathogen-host interactions. Moreover, potential applications of antimicrobial peptides in antifungal therapy have aroused great interest. This work explores new mechanisms of LL-37 against
C. albicans
and reveals the complex connection among calcium homeostasis, oxidative stress, signaling, and possibly organelle interaction. Notably, these findings support the possible use of antimicrobial peptides to prevent and treat fungal infections.
A kinematic model linking the Sevier and Laramide belts in the Idaho-Montana fold-thrust belt, U.S. Cordillera
Authors: Parker Stuart D. , Pearson David M. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The Sevier and Laramide belts of the U.S. Cordillera are differentiated based on thin- and thick-skinned structural domains, commonly inferred to have formed under different plate-boundary conditions. However, spatial and temporal overlap in the Idaho-Montana fold-thrust belt suggests that thin- and thick-skinned thrust systems are kinematically linked. We present the first balanced and sequentially restorable cross section that integrates the Sevier and Laramide belts. Encompassing most of the width of the Cordilleran retroarc, our kinematic model accounts for at least 244 km of horizontal shortening, linking thin- and thick-skinned thrust systems. We hypothesize that thin strata overlying the Lemhi arch basement high determined the geometry and relative timing of the later thrusting. Early shortening (pre–ca. 90 Ma) was thin skinned, with the décollement of the Medicine Lodge–McKenzie thrust system following Devonian shales on top of the Lemhi arch unconformity. Displacement on upper thin- and lower thick-skinned thrusts overlapped between ca. 90 and 70 Ma as a mid-crustal décollement was activated, efficiently transmitting strain through the Lemhi arch to the Blacktail-Snowcrest uplift in the foreland. A regional-scale duplex (Patterson culmination) linked the lower and upper décollements, internally thickening and increasing the basal slope of the orogenic wedge. Thick-skinned thrusts of the Dillon cutoff (Hawley Creek, Cabin, and Johnson thrusts) eventually thickened the wedge and exhumed the abandoned upper décollement. Following this, the thick-skinned wedge advanced in-sequence from ca. 70 to 55 Ma. This kinematic model establishes continuity between thin- and thick-skinned thrust systems by a mid-crustal décollement. In this model, the stratigraphic thicknesses of sedimentary cover rocks limit the availability of décollement horizons, determining the style of mountain building and triggering a slow transition from thin- to thick-skinned thrusting.
Early detection of neurodevelopmental disorders in African children living in informal settlements in Nairobi
Authors: Segre Giulia , Cargnelutti Cecilia , Bersani Carlotta , Njogu Washington , Roberti Elisa , Campi Rita , De Vita Maria Vittoria , Morino Gianfranco , Canevini Maria Paola , Bonati Maurizio 
Published: October 2023

BackgroundChildren in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) are at a substantially increased risk of delayed physical, emotional and sociocognitive outcomes, with consequential neurodevelopmental disorders. Evidence based, cost-effective and culturally appropriate screening tools are recommended for early identification of developmental disorders.MethodsThe present study aims to assess the feasibility of early screening for neurodevelopmental disorders in children living in informal settlements in Nairobi, Kenya (Korogocho). The selected tools (ie, the CDC checklist and the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers, Revised (M-CHAT-R)), widely used in high-income countries, are applied in two different populations: one from Kenya (LMIC) and one from Italy, to compare the different scores.ResultsOf 509 children screened, 8.6% were classified at-risk based on the results of the screening tools. Significant risk factors are history of low birth weight and Apgar score, presence of neurological disorders, malnutrition and/or rickets, younger age of the child and older age of the mother. Caesarean section delivery, first pregnancy and mothers’ older age were common risk factors among the Kenyan and the Italian samples. The Italian sample had a significantly greater rate of missed milestones.ConclusionsOur data demonstrate the feasibility of using the CDC and M-CHAT-R tools in informal settlement dwellers. Further studies are needed to explore the opportunity for early diagnosis of developmental disorders in LMICs.
Late Devonian syntaxis in the Northern Appalachian orogen
Authors: Piette-Lauzière Nicolas , Larson Kyle P. , Kellett Dawn A. , Harris Lyal , Cleven Nathan , Rogers Neil 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

The pre-accretionary shapes of cratonic margins form successions of promontories and re-entrants inherited from the rifting of supercontinents. In accretionary orogens, the extent of deformation related to a collision with a continent characterized by an irregular margin is obfuscated through the partitioning of deformation along pre-existing structures. In the Northern Appalachians, the extent of the deformation related to the oblique collision of the Meguma terrane with the composite Laurentian margin is disputed. Herein, we use a framework based on modern collisional settings to investigate the Late Devonian to Mississippian deformation inboard of the Avalonia–Meguma boundary and evaluate the regional tectonic setting. We combine published shear zone kinematic interpretations, deformation ages and regional
40
Ar/
39
Ar cooling ages with structural interpretation of aeromagnetic and gravimetric depth slices covering the Northern Appalachians. We find that the deformation related to the collision of the Meguma terrane, attributed to the Neoacadian orogeny, has a larger structural footprint than previously documented. While this deformation is partitioned in multiple structures in the Canadian Appalachians, northern New England is characterized by rapid crustal deformation, high palaeoelevation and fast erosional exhumation, similar to modern syntaxis structures.
Comparative Estimation of Nutritionally Important Chemical Constituents of Red Seaweed, Gracilariopsis longissima, Affected by Different Drying Methods
Authors: Ullah Md. Rahamat , Akhter Mousumi , Khan Abu Bakker Siddique , Yasmin Farhana , Hasan Md. Monjurul , Bosu Aovijite , Haque Mohammed Ashraful , Islam Md. Mohidul , Islam Md. Amirul , Mahmud Yahia 
Published: October 2023

In this study, the nutritional and phytochemical components of red seaweed, Gracilariopsis longissima, were assessed in relation to the effects of various drying methods (freeze, oven, and sun). Gracilariopsis longissima’s proximate composition differed significantly (

P

< 0.05) among the three drying techniques, with freeze-dried samples having significantly greater protein (30.63 ± 0.90% dry weight) and lipids (1.49 ± 0.05% dry weight) contents. Except for phosphorus and sulfur, the mineral concentrations were likewise considerably greater in the freeze-dried samples. The total amino acids (30.48 ± 0.06% dry weight) and fatty acids contents were substantially greater (

P

< 0.05) in the freeze-dried samples. In freeze-dried samples, the levels of essential amino acids (18.92 ± 0.02% dry weight) and unsaturated fatty acids (54.08 ± 0.07%) were substantially greater (

P

< 0.05). When compared to oven- and sun-dried samples, the total phenolic content (88.70 ± 2.19 mg GAE/g dry weight) and the flavonoid content (71.46 ± 2.17 mg QE/g dry weight) of freeze-dried samples was also substantially higher. Among the three distinct drying techniques used, the freeze-drying technique kept G. longissima’s higher nutritional and phytochemical components.
Landscape of Baseline and Acquired Genomic Alterations in Circulating Tumor DNA with Abemaciclib Alone or with Endocrine Therapy in Advanced Breast Cancer
Authors: Goetz Matthew P. , Hamilton Erika P. , Campone Mario , Hurvitz Sara A. , Cortes Javier , Johnston Stephen , Llombart-Cussac Antonio , Kaufman Peter A. , Toi Masakazu , Jerusalem Guy , Graham Hillary , Wang Hong , Jansen Valerie M. , Litchfield Lacey M. , Martin Miguel 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Purpose:
To identify potential predictors of response and resistance mechanisms in patients with hormone receptor–positive (HR+), HER2-negative (HER2−) advanced breast cancer (ABC) treated with the cyclin-dependent kinase 4 and 6 (CDK4/6) inhibitor abemaciclib ± endocrine therapy (ET), baseline and acquired genomic alterations in circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) were analyzed and associated with clinical outcomes.

Experimental Design:
MONARCH 3: postmenopausal women with HR+, HER2− ABC and no prior systemic therapy in the advanced setting were randomly assigned to abemaciclib or placebo plus nonsteroidal aromatase inhibitor (NSAI). nextMONARCH: women with HR+, HER2− metastatic breast cancer that progressed on/after prior ET and chemotherapy were randomly assigned to abemaciclib alone (two doses) or plus tamoxifen. Baseline and end-of-treatment plasma samples from patients in MONARCH 3 and nextMONARCH (monotherapy arms) were analyzed to identify somatic genomic alterations. Association between genomic alterations and median progression-free survival (mPFS) was assessed.

Results:
Most patients had ≥1 genomic alteration detected in baseline ctDNA. In MONARCH 3, abemaciclib+NSAI was associated with improved mPFS versus placebo+NSAI, regardless of baseline alterations. ESR1 alterations were less frequently acquired in the abemaciclib+NSAI arm than placebo+NSAI. Acquired alterations potentially associated with resistance to abemaciclib ± NSAI included RB1 and MYC.

Conclusions:
In MONARCH 3, certain baseline ctDNA genomic alterations were prognostic for ET but not predictive of abemaciclib response. Further studies are warranted to assess whether ctDNA alterations acquired during abemaciclib treatment differ from other CDK4/6 inhibitors. Findings are hypothesis generating; further exploration is warranted into mechanisms of resistance to abemaciclib and ET.
See related commentary by Wander and Bardia, p. 2008
Circulating Cardiovascular Biomarkers in Cancer Therapeutics‐Related Cardiotoxicity: Review of Critical Challenges, Solutions, and Future Directions
Authors: Murtagh Gillian , Januzzi James L. , Scherrer‐Crosbie Marielle , Neilan Tomas G. , Dent Susan , Ho Jennifer E. , Appadurai Vinesh , McDermott Ray , Akhter Nausheen 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT
Cardiotoxicity is a growing concern in the oncology population. Transthoracic echocardiography and multigated acquisition scans have been used for surveillance but are relatively insensitive and resource intensive. Innovative imaging techniques are constrained by cost and availability. More sensitive, cost‐effective cardiotoxicity surveillance strategies are needed. Circulating cardiovascular biomarkers could provide a sensitive, low‐cost solution. Biomarkers such as troponins, natriuretic peptides (NPs), novel upstream signals of oxidative stress, inflammation, and fibrosis as well as panomic technologies have shown substantial promise, and guidelines recommend baseline measurement of troponins and NPs in all patients receiving potential cardiotoxins. Nonetheless, supporting evidence has been hampered by several limitations. Previous reviews have provided valuable perspectives on biomarkers in cancer populations, but important analytic aspects remain to be examined in depth. This review provides comprehensive assessment of critical challenges and solutions in this field, with focus on analytical issues relating to biomarker measurement and interpretation. Examination of evidence pertaining to common and serious forms of cardiotoxicity reveals that improved study designs incorporating larger, more diverse populations, registry‐based approaches, and refinement of current definitions are key. Further efforts to harmonize biomarker methodologies including centralized biobanking and analyses, novel decision limits, and head‐to‐head comparisons are needed. Multimarker algorithms incorporating machine learning may allow rapid, personalized risk assessment. These improvements will not only augment the predictive value of circulating biomarkers in cardiotoxicity but may elucidate both direct and indirect relationships between cardiovascular disease and cancer, allowing biomarkers a greater role in the development and success of novel anticancer therapies.