bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Automated, Multiplex Assay for High-Frequency Microsatellite Instability in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Nash G.M. , Gimbel M. , Shia J. , Culliford A.T. , Nathanson D.R. , Ndubuisi M. , Yamaguchi Y. , Zeng Z.S. , Barany F. , Paty P.B. 
Published: August 2003

Purpose: In a series of hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) patients, we evaluated the sensitivities of the individual microsatellites recommended by the National Cancer Institute (NCI) consensus workshop for detection of high-frequency microsatellite instability (MSI-H). On the basis of this evaluation, we developed a three-marker assay that assigns microsatellite instability (MSI) in a multiplex polymerase chain reaction. Methods: Individual marker sensitivity was assessed in 18 HNPCC tumors. Multiplex and NCI assays were then assessed in a series of 120 patients with early-onset colon cancer. Results: The sensitivity of microsatellite markers BAT25, BAT26, D2S123, D5S346, and D17S250 for ASI in HNPCC cancers was 100%, 94%, 72%, 50%, and 50%, respectively. The three most accurate markers were combined and optimized in a multiplex assay that assigned MSI-H whenever at least two of three markers revealed ASI. In early-onset colon cancers, the prevalence of MSI-H determined by the multiplex assay and by the NCI assay was 16% and 23%, respectively. The additional MSI-H tumors and patients with MSI-H identified by the NCI assay lacked the traits characteristic of MSI-H seen in tumors and patients identified by the multiplex assay: retention of heterozygosity (NCI additional 22% v multiplex 84%; P = .003), characteristic tumor morphology (0% v 64%; P = .006), and 5-year cancer survival rate (44% v 100%; P = .0003). Conclusion: The multiplex assay identifies colon cancers with MSI-H by assessing three highly accurate microsatellite markers. This assay identifies a smaller MSI-H cohort with more homogeneous clinical features and is superior as a marker of favorable prognosis. It merits prospective evaluation as a marker of prognosis and as a screening test for HNPCC.
Patterns of Failure Using a Conformal Radiation Therapy Tumor Bed Boost for Medulloblastoma
Authors: Wolden Suzanne L. , Dunkel Ira J. , Souweidane Mark M. , Happersett Laura , Khakoo Yasmin , Schupak Karen , Lyden David , Leibel Steven A. 
Published: August 2003

Purpose: To assess the patterns of failure for patients with medulloblastoma receiving a conformal tumor bed boost rather than a boost to the entire posterior fossa. Patients and Methods: From 1994 to 2002, 32 consecutive patients with newly diagnosed medulloblastoma treated at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center (New York, NY) received a conformal boost to the tumor bed in conjunction with craniospinal radiation therapy. Twenty-eight patients also received chemotherapy. The median age was 9 years (range, 3 to 34 years), and the male to female ratio was 3:1. Twenty-seven patients had standard-risk disease, and five patients had high-risk disease. Craniospinal doses ranged from 23.4 to 39.6 Gy, and total tumor bed doses ranged from 54 to 59.4 Gy. Results: With a median follow-up of 56 months, six patients have relapsed; five relapsed outside of the posterior fossa, and one failed within the posterior fossa, outside of the high-dose boost volume. Five-year actuarial disease-free and overall survival rates were 84% and 85%, respectively. Freedom from posterior fossa failure was 100% and 86% at 5 and 10 years, respectively. Freedom from distant failure was 84% at 5 years, with a trend for improvement when full-dose craniospinal radiation (36 to 39.6 Gy) was used compared with a reduced dose (23.4 Gy) of radiation (100% v 63%, respectively; P = .06). No other predictive variables were identified. Conclusion: Conformal treatment to the tumor bed allows for significant sparing of critical structures. The posterior fossa failure rate in this series is similar to that reported when the entire posterior fossa is treated. This approach should be investigated further in a phase III trial.
High-Dose Therapy for Patients With Primary Multifocal and Early Relapsed Ewing’s Tumors: Results of Two Consecutive Regimens Assessing the Role of Total-Body Irradiation
Authors: Burdach S. , Meyer-Bahlburg A. , Laws H.J. , Haase R. , van Kaik B. , Metzner B. , Wawer A. , Finke R. , Göbel U. , Haerting J. , Pape H. , Gadner H. , Dunst J. , Juergens H. 
Published: August 2003

Purpose: Risk stratification of metastatic and relapsed Ewing’s tumors (ETs) has been a matter of debate during the last decade. Patients with bone or bone marrow metastases or early or multiple relapses constitute the worst risk group in ET and have a poorer prognosis than patients with primary lung metastases or late relapses. In this article, the results of the present Meta European Intergroup Cooperative Ewing Sarcoma Study (MetaEICESS) (tandem melphalan/etoposide [TandemME]) were compared with the result of the previous study (hyper melphalan/etoposide [HyperME]), both at 5 years, in a patient population within the same high-risk stratum to determine toxicity. Patients and Methods: Among 54 eligible patients, 26 were treated according to the HyperME protocol, and 28 were treated according to TandemME protocol. Patients received six cycles of the Cooperative Ewing Sarcoma Study treatment in HyperME and six cycles of the EICESS treatment in TandemME as induction chemotherapy. Patients also received involved-compartment irradiation for local intensification and myeloablative systemic intensification consolidation with hyperfractionated total-body irradiation (TBI) combined with melphalan/etoposide in HyperME or two times the melphalan/etoposide in TandemME followed by autologous stem-cell transplantation. Results: The event-free survival (EFS) rate ± SD in HyperME and TandemME was 22% ± 8% and 29% ± 9%, respectively. The dead of complication rate was 23% in HyperME and 4% in TandemME. Conclusion: TandemME offers a decent, albeit still not satisfactory, rate of long-term remissions in most advanced ETs (AETs), with short-term treatment and acceptable toxicity. TBI was not required to maintain EFS level in this setting but was associated with a high rate of toxic death. Future prospective studies in unselected patients are warranted to evaluate high-dose therapy in an unselected group of patients with AET.
Pheochromocytoma: State-of-the-Art and Future Prospects
Authors: Bravo Emmanuel L. , Tagle Rodrigo 
Published: August 2003

AbstractThis review provides current understanding of the pathophysiology of pheochromocytoma and the wide range of associated clinical manifestations that have led to earlier recognition of the disease. In addition, it reviews optimal screening methods and localization techniques that have enhanced the clinician’s ability to make the diagnosis with greater certainty. This article will also discuss alternative antihypertensive regimens and innovative anesthetic and surgical procedures that have made successful management more promising than ever before.Areas requiring further development include additional clinical experience with the measurement of plasma metanephrines that have been shown to have high sensitivity and specificity in the diagnosis of sporadic and familial pheochromocytoma, optimizing cost effectiveness of diagnostic imaging, improving the ability to predict and treat malignant pheochromocytoma, and elucidating not only the surgical approach but, perhaps with rapid advances in molecular genetics, ways of preventing familial pheochromocytoma.
Dietary Carbohydrate Deprivation Increases 24-Hour Nitrogen Excretion without Affecting Postabsorptive Hepatic or Whole Body Protein Metabolism in Healthy Men
Authors: Bisschop P. H. , de Sain-van der Velden M. G. M. , Stellaard F. , Kuipers F. , Meijer A. J. , Sauerwein H. P. , Romijn J. A. 
Published: August 2003

Because insulin is an important regulator of protein metabolism, we hypothesized that physiological modulation of insulin secretion, by means of extreme variations in dietary carbohydrate content, affects postabsorptive protein metabolism. Therefore, we studied the effects of three isocaloric diets with identical protein content and low-carbohydrate/high-fat (2% and 83% of total energy, respectively), intermediate-carbohydrate/intermediate-fat (44% and 41% of total energy, respectively), and high-carbohydrate/low-fat (85% and 0% of total energy, respectively) content in six healthy men. Whole body protein metabolism was assessed by 24-h urinary nitrogen excretion, postabsorptive leucine kinetics, and fibrinogen and albumin synthesis by infusion of [1-13C]leucine and [1-13C]valine.The low-carbohydrate/high-fat diet resulted in lower absorptive and postabsorptive plasma insulin concentrations, and higher rates of nitrogen excretion compared with the other two diets: 15.3 ± 0.9 vs. 12.1 ± 1.1 (P = 0.03) and 10.8 ± 0.5 g/24 h (P = 0.005), respectively. Postabsorptive rates of appearance of leucine and of leucine oxidation were not different among the three diets. In addition, dietary carbohydrate content did not affect the synthesis rates of fibrinogen and albumin.In conclusion, eucaloric carbohydrate deprivation increases 24-h nitrogen loss but does not affect postabsorptive protein metabolism at the hepatic and whole body level. By deduction, dietary carbohydrate is required for an optimal regulation of absorptive, rather than postabsorptive, protein metabolism.
Carbohydrates to Heterocycles: A New Strategy for the Synthesis of Enantiomerically Pure Pyridazines and Oxazines Derived from Epoxypyranoside Scaffolds
Authors: Al-Qawasmeh Raed A , Al-Tel Taleb H , Abdel-Jalil Raid J , Voelter Wolfgang 
Published: August 2003

Abstract
An easy and high yield access to enantiomerically pure pyridazines and oxazines from epoxy pyranosides via β-keto ester functionalization is described.
Anionic Polymerization of Tetraphenylgermole-spiro-cyclogermatetrasilane. A Striking Contrast in the Mechanism to the Corresponding Silole Case
Authors: Sanji Takanobu , Funaya Munehito , Sakurai Hideki 
Published: August 2003

Abstract
Germole-incorporated polygermatetrasilanes are prepared by ring-opening anionic polymerization of tetraphenylgermole-spiro-cyclogermatetrasilane. Interesting contrasts in the polymerization mechanism between silole- and germole-incorporated polymers are discussed. Properties of novel polymers are described.
Synthesis of Poly(3-hexylthiophene) by Using the VO(acac)2-FeCl3-O2 Catalytic System
Authors: Yu Shuyan , Hayakawa Teruaki , Ueda Mitsuru 
Published: August 2003

Abstract
Poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) was prepared by the oxidation coupling polymerization of 3-hexylthiophene (3HT) with molecular oxygen as an oxidant in the presence of vanadyl acetylacetonate (IV) (VO(acac)2) and ferric chloride (FeCl3). The polymerization at a molar ratio of VO(acac)2 / FeCl3 / 3HT = 1 / 2 / 5 in 1,2-dichloroethane at 0 °C for 164 h under oxygen gave P3HT in 61% yield. The resulting polymer gave a number average molecular weight (Mn) of 2.1 × 104 (Mw / Mn = 3.0; Mw: weight average molecular weight) and a head-to-tail content of 65%. The VO(acac)2-FeCl3 complex is supposed to work as a catalyst.
Dehydrogenation of Ethane into Ethylene by Carbon Dioxide over Chromium Supported on Sulfated Silica
Authors: Wang Shaobin , Murata Kazuhisa , Hayakawa Takashi , Hamakawa Satoshi , Suzuki Kunio 
Published: August 2003

Abstract
Cr2O3 supported on sulfated silica catalysts exhibit excellent performance for the oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane into ethylene by carbon dioxide, giving 90% selectivity towards ethylene at 60% ethane conversion at 650 °C.
Syntheses of New {Tetrakis(1-pyrazolyl)borato}samarium(III) Complexes and Their Temperature-Dependent Exchange Motions of All Pyrazolyl Groups
Authors: Onishi Masayoshi , Yamaguchi Hitoshi , Shimotsuma Hirokazu , Hiraki Katsuma , Nagaoka Junko , Kawano Hiroyuki 
Published: August 2003

Abstract
As the first unambiguous syntheses and characterization of the {tetrakis(1-pyrazolyl)borato}lanthanide(III) complexes, stable eight-coordinate (β-ketoenolato)samariums [Sm{η3-B(pz)4}2(β-ketoenolato)] (pz = 1-pyrazolyl group) were prepared, and novel stereochemically non-rigid temperature-dependent motions of the B(pz)4 ligands were observed on their solution-state 1H-NMR spectra, showing the spectroscopic equivalence of coordinated and uncoordinated pyrazolyl groups at high temperatures.
Biocatalytic One-step Synthesis of n-Octyl β-d-Xylotrioside and Xylobioside from Xylan and n-Octanol in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide
Authors: Matsumura Shuichi , Nakamura Takehiro , Yao Eiya , Toshima Kazunobu 
Published: August 2003

Abstract
n-Octyl β-d-xylotrioside and xylobioside, which are effective next generation surfactants, can be prepared by the one-step reaction of xylan and n-octanol using acetone powder (acetone-dried cells) of Aureobasidium pullulans KK415 (ATCC 201145) as the enzyme source of xylanase in supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2). Yields of the octyl glycosides were significantly increased using scCO2. Furthermore, without scCO2, n-octyl xylotrioside was hardly produced.
Linked Cluster Complex: Crystal Structure of [RuCo2(CO)9](μ3-η2HC2CH2OC6H4OCH2C2Hη2-μ3)[RuCo2(CO)9]
Authors: Chen Xue-Nian , Zhang Jie , Yin Yuan-Qi , Wang Wen-Ling 
Published: August 2003

Abstract
Two configurations of RuCo2(CO)9(HC2R) unit confirmed by the crystal structure of the linked cluster complex [RuCo2(CO)9](μ3-η2HC2CH2OC6H4OCH2C2Hη2-μ3)[RuCo2(CO)9] are reported.
Spin-Glass Behavior of Hydrogen Molybdenum Bronze, HxMoO3
Authors: Sotani Noriyuki , Fukumoto Takuya , Eda Kazuo , Kunitomo Masakazu , Nakagawa Masahito 
Published: August 2003

Abstract
According to magnetic studies, hydrogen molybdenum bronzes showed different magnetic behaviors. The magnetic susceptibility showed a cusp at around 60 K and the history dependence between the zero field cooled (ZFC) and the field cooled (FC) susceptibility. This is typical for the spin-glass behavior. This behavior was firstly found for hydrogen molybdenum bronzes.
Stereoselective Synthesis of the Chiral Tetrahydropyrane Core of Swinholides and Misakinolides
Authors: Hayakawa Hiroyuki , Iida Kouki , Miyazawa Masahiro , Miyashita Masaaki 
Published: August 2003

Abstract
Stereoselective synthesis of the optically pure tetrahydropyrane core of swinholides and misakinolide A starting from (S)-methyl lactate is described in which the highly stereoselective intramolecular iodoetherification for construction of the tetrahydropyrane ring and the regioselective ring-opening reaction of an epoxide are involved as key steps.
Rate Constants for Hydrogen Atom Abstraction by α-Tocopheroxyl Radical from Lipid, Hydroperoxide and Ascorbic Acid
Authors: Watanabe Akira , Noguchi Noriko , Takahashi Mareyuki , Niki Etsuo 
Published: August 2003

Abstract
The rate constants for each reaction of α-tocopheroxyl radical with methyl linoleate, t-butyl hydroperoxide and ascorbic acid, and also the bimolecular reaction of α-tocopheroxyl radicals were measured by a stopped-flow ESR technique in order to understand the antioxidant action of α-tocopherol. It was suggested that α-tocopheroxyl radical is primarily reduced by ascorbic acid in vivo.
Novel Channel Structure Formed with Methyl 3-(9-Anthrylcarbonyloxy)cholate Using Orthogonally Stacked Building Blocks
Authors: Kohmoto Shigeo , Sakayori Katsuya , Noguchi Yasuhiro , Yamaguchi Kentaro , Kishikawa Keiki , Yamamoto Makoto 
Published: August 2003

Abstract
The new type channel structure in the chemistry of cholic acid was created by the protection of both end (the hydroxy group at the 3-position and the carboxy group at the 23-position) of cholic acid. The inhibition of the intermolecular hydrogen bonding existing in cholic acid at these positions altered the crystal structure completely.
Sulfur-Bridged Cubane-Type Molybdenum-Cadmium Clusters with Diethyldithiophosphato or Nitrilotriacetato Ligands
Authors: Sakane Genta , Kawasaki Hideki , Yamasaki Mikio , Adachi Hirohiko , Shibahara Takashi 
Published: August 2003

Abstract
The metal incorporation reactions of the sulfur-bridged incomplete cubane-type molybdenum clusters in nonaqueous solvent or pure water are reported for the first time. The reaction of the clusters [Mo3S4(dtp)4(CH3CN)] (1) in acetonitrile and [Mo3S4(Hnta)3]2− in pure water with cadmium metal result in the formation of two novel molybdenum-cadmium mixed-metal clusters [(CH3CN)(dtp)4Mo3S4CdS4Mo3(dtp)4(CH3CN)] (3) and [(Hnta)3Mo3S4CdS4Mo3(Hnta)3]4− (4), respectively. Although the clusters 3 and 4 have sandwich cubane-type Mo3S4CdS4Mo38+ cores of the same type, the peak positions of electronic spectra of 3 (856 nm) and 4 (1235 nm) at the longest wavelength are distinctly different from each other.
A Cyclic Hexacopper(II) Complex with 1,2,4-Triazole and Hydroxo as Bridging Ligands
Authors: Liu Jia-Cheng , Zhuang Jin-Zhong , You Xiao-Zeng , Huang Xiao-Ying 
Published: August 2003

Abstract
A cyclic hexanuclear copper(II) complex, [Cu6(OH)6(admtrz)6(H2O)5(C2H5OH)2](ClO4)6·4H2O 1, (admtrz = 4-amino-3,5-dimethyl-1,2,4-triazole), has been isolated and structurally characterized by X-ray crystallography, which exhibited a strong antiferromagentic exchange in the range of 4-300 K.
Preparation of Monodisperse ZnS Nanoparticles by Size Selective Photocorrosion
Authors: Ohko Yoshihisa , Setani Masanobu , Sakata Takao , Mori Hirotaro , Yoneyama Hiroshi 
Published: August 2003

Abstract
The size-distribution of ZnS nanoparticles (Q-ZnS) of 4.2 ± 0.6 nm was narrowed to 2.6 ± 0.2 nm by sequential irradiation with monochromatic light of 313 nm, 303 nm, and 297 nm to an air-saturated ZnS colloidal solution in the presence of sodium hexametaphosphate as a stabilizer and methylviologen as an electron acceptor.
Micropolarity around a Zwitterionic Solvatochrome Covalently Fixed in the Cavity of Bowl-Shaped Cyclophanes
Authors: Akine Shigehisa , Goto Kei , Okazaki Renji 
Published: August 2003

Abstract
Bowl-shaped bimacrocyclic cyclophanes with a zwitterionic solvatochrome embedded in the cavity were synthesized and the micropolarity around their intracavity functionality in various solvents was estimated by using the absorption wavelengths of the chromophore, the solvent effects on which were found to be dependent on the properties of the cyclophane framework.
Enantioselective Synthesis of Pyrrolydinonyl Thymine Nucleoside Analogues
Authors: Jin Liren , Wu Hong , Wu Huailing , Huang Peiqiang , Jung Kyeongeun , Lim Hong 
Published: August 2003

Abstract
Enantioselective synthesis of a novel kind of optically active nucleoside analogues from natural malic acid is described. In the given nucleoside analogues the tetrahydrofuran ring is replaced by a pyrrolidinonyl ring bearing both a primary and a secondary hydroxy groups which could be useful for the preparation of novel oligonucleotides. Assay of the prepared nucleoside analogues showed non-activity against virus.
Heterogeneous Fluorescence Quenching Reaction between (5,10,15,20-Tetraphenylporphyrinato)zinc(II) and Methylviologen at Dodecane-Water Interface
Authors: Nagatani Hirohisa , Watarai Hitoshi 
Published: August 2003

Abstract
The heterogeneous fluorescence quenching reaction of (5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrinato)zinc(II) (ZnTPP) in dodecane by methylviologen in an aqueous phase at the liquid-liquid interface was investigated by means of the centrifugal liquid membrane method. The quenching reaction could occur only in the presence of an anionic surfactant, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). The quenching efficiency depended on the concentration of SDS in the aqueous phase with a maximum value of 13.5%.
Three-dimensional Orientational Photocontrol of Liquid-Crystalline Molecules in Photoresponsive Polymer Networks
Authors: Yoshimoto Naoki , Morino Shin’ya , Kaiho Aki , Ichimura Kunihiro 
Published: August 2003

Abstract
Three-dimensional orientation of liquid crystal molecules is induced by slantwise non-polarized visible light irradiation of a composite of a nematic liquid crystal and crosslinked polymer networks with azobenzene side chains, exhibiting rewritability and storage stability.
Reasons for Early Abacavir Discontinuation in HIV-Infected Patients
Authors: Peyriere Hélène , Guillemin Valérie , Lotthe Anne , Baillat Vincent , Fabre Jacqueline , Favier Carine , Atoui Nadine , Hansel Sylvie , Hillaire-Buys Dominique , Reynes Jacques 
Published: August 2003

Objective To determine incidence of and reasons for discontinuation of abacavir within the first 6 months of therapy. Methods Retrospective study performed in the cohort of HIV-infected adults who started abacavir in a medical unit between 1997 and December 2000. All adverse drug reactions (ADRs) (especially hypersensitivity) observed in this cohort were reported. The association between drugs and complications were evaluated, using the French method to assess unexpected and toxic drug reactions. According to the variables studied, statistical analysis was performed using the χ2 test, Fisher's exact test, Mann–Whitney, Wilcoxon, or Kruskal–Wallis tests. Results All 331 patients treated with abacavir during this time period were included in this study. Early discontinuation of abacavir was observed in 34.1% of patients, the main reasons being adverse effects (20.8%), virologic failure (3.3%), drug holidays (2.7%), poor adherence (2.7%), and death (1.8%). Adverse effects were mostly represented by hypersensitivity reactions. After retrospective analysis, abacavir was stopped for likely hypersensitivity in 8.5% of patients, for doubtful hypersensitivity in 4.2%, and for other adverse effects in 8.1% of patients. Conclusions This study shows that abacavir is mainly stopped during the first 6 months of therapy for ADRs. The rate of likely hypersensitivity reaction observed in this study (8.5%) is higher than that observed in clinical trials (5%). After retrospective evaluation, the causality assessment of abacavir is not always certain.
Phenyramidol-Associated Liver Toxicity
Authors: Köksal Aydin Ş , Köklü Seyfettin , Filik Levent , Sasmaz Nurgül , Sahin Burhan 
Published: August 2003

OBJECTIVE: To describe a case of hepatotoxicity associated with phenyramidol use that resolved after discontinuation of the drug. BACKGROUND: Phenyramidol is a moderately potent and relatively nontoxic analgesic with concomitant muscle-relaxant activity. A MEDLINE search in June 2003 revealed no reports associating hepatotoxicity with this agent. CASE SUMMARY: A 70-year-old man was investigated because of elevated liver function test values on routine biochemical screening. He had no clinical symptoms. Other etiologies of hepatitis were appropriately ruled out, and elevated enzymes were ascribed to phenyramidol treatment. DISCUSSION: This is the first case published in the English language literature describing probable hepatotoxicity, according to the Naranjo probability scale, resulting from use of phenyramidol. The mechanism of phenyramidol-induced liver damage is unknown. Several features, such as the absence of predictable dose-dependent toxicity of phenyramidol in previous studies and the absence of hypersensitivity manifestations in our patient, are suggestive of a metabolic type of idiosyncratic toxicity. CONCLUSIONS: Phenyramidol should be considered as a drug that possibly causes hepatotoxicity.