bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhanced Quasi‐Fermi Level Splitting of Perovskite Solar Cells by Universal Dual‐Functional Polymer
Authors: Liu Dachang , Chen Chen , Wang Xianzhao , Sun Xiuhong , Zhang Bingqian , Zhao Qiangqiang , Li Zhipeng , Shao Zhipeng , Wang Xiao , Cui Guanglei , Pang Shuping 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPerovskite solar cells (PSCs) have attracted extensive attention due to their higher power conversion efficiency (PCE) and simple fabrication process. However, the open‐circuit voltage (VOC) loss remains a significant impediment to enhance device performance. Here, a facile strategy to boost the VOC to 95.5% of the Shockley‐Queisser (S‐Q) limit through the introduction of a universal multifunctional polymer additive is demonstrated. This additive effectively passivates the cation and anion defects simultaneously, thereby leading to the transformation from the strong n‐type to weak n‐type of perovskite films. Benefitting from the energy level alignment and the suppression of bulk non‐radiative recombination, the quasi‐Fermi level splitting (QFLS) is enhanced. Consequently, the champion devices with 1.59 eV‐based perovskite reach the highest VOC value of 1.24 V and a PCE of 23.86%. Furthermore, this strategy boosts the VOC by at least 0.07 V across five different perovskite systems, a PCE of 25.04% is achieved for 1.57 eV‐based PSCs, and the corresponding module (14 cm2) also obtained a high PCE of 21.95%. This work provides an effective and universal strategy to promote the VOC approach to the detailed balance theoretical limit.
Intrinsic AC Dielectric Breakdown Strength of Polyimide Films at the Extreme: New Breakthrough Insights on Thickness Dependence
Authors: Diaham Sombel , Lambkin Paul , O'Sullivan Lawrence , Chen Baoxing 
Published: December 2023

AbstractTo date, the AC dielectric breakdown strength of polyimide (PI) films, as for most polymers, is understood to follow a thickness dependency with a measured power law exponent, n ≈ 0.5. However, this work experimentally demonstrates that the AC dielectric strength of PI films is quasi‐thickness independent. Evidence is presented showing that the thickness dependency described in the literature can be explained by an extrinsic failure mode, driven by partial discharges occurring at the dielectric‐oil‐electrode triple point. Triple points can be avoided by electrode encapsulation, which subsequently recovers a purely intrinsic failure mode for PI films over a large thickness range. Consequently, the AC dielectric strength of thick PI films is intrinsic and quasi‐thickness independent, at least for film thickness up to 60 µm. For the first time, a “theoretical” AC breakdown field for PI films is reported as ≈520 Vrms µm−1. Finally, the highest experimental breakdown field values are obtained here with 505 Vrms µm−1 and 705 Vµm−1 under AC and DC fields, respectively.
Strong Anharmonicity at the Origin of Anomalous Thermal Conductivity in Double Perovskite Cs2NaYbCl6
Authors: Cappai Antonio , Melis Claudio , Marongiu Daniela , Quochi Francesco , Saba Michele , Congiu Francesco , He Yihui , Slade Tyler J. , Kanatzidis Mercouri G. , Colombo Luciano 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAnomalous thermal transport of Cs2NaYbCl6 double‐halide perovskite above room temperature is reported and rationalized. Calculations of phonon dispersion relations and scattering rates up to the fourth order in lattice anharmonicity have been conducted to determine their effective dependence on temperature. These findings show that specific phonon group velocities and lifetimes increase if the temperature is raised above 500 K. This, in combination with anharmonicity, provides the microscopic mechanism responsible for the increase in lattice thermal conductivity at high temperatures, contrary to the predictions of phonon transport theories based on solely cubic anharmonicity. The model accurately and quantitatively reproduces the experimental thermal conductivity data as a function of temperature.
Parity‐Time Symmetry in Magnetic Materials and Devices
Authors: Zhang Zhitao , Xin Chao , Liu Haoliang 
Published: December 2023

AbstractNon‐Hermitian Hamiltonians may still possess real eigenvalues in case of the existence of parity‐time (PT) symmetry. Exceptional points (EPs) occur at the phase transition from real to complex eigenvalues due to PT‐symmetry breaking in the parameter space. Magnonic devices use magnons to carry, transport, and process information, which have the advantages of low energy dissipation, wave‐based computing, and nonlinear data processing. The combination of PT‐symmetry and magnonics may lead to novel physics as well as unprecedented functional device applications. Recently, the research of PT‐symmetry in magnetism has developed rapidly. In this review, the theoretical predictions as well as experimental findings of PT‐symmetry in magnetism are summarized. First, a brief introduction to PT symmetry, EPs, and anti‐PT symmetry is presented. Second, the theoretical and experimental progress of magnonic PT symmetry are summarized. Third, the theoretical predictions of higher‐order EPs and anti‐PT symmetry in magnonic systems are given. Finally, the study concludes by discussing the future challenges and research prospects in magnonic PT‐symmetry, and proposals for experimental observations of magnonic higher‐order EPs and anti‐PT symmetry are suggested.
Quantifying soil organic matter for sustainable agricultural land management with soil color and machine learning technique
Authors: Kang Yun‐Gu , Lee Jun‐Yeong , Kim Jun‐Ho , Oh Taek‐Keun 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAs interest in sustainable agricultural land management continues to grow, there is a need for advanced techniques that enable easy and rapid quantification of soil characteristics. Soil organic matter (SOM) is a critical factor in determining soil health. Unfortunately, contemporary techniques for SOM content analysis are laborious, time consuming, and resource intensive. In response to this challenge, our study has developed a statistical model for forecasting the SOM content using soil color indices and machine learning algorithms. Color indices, including brightness, hue, and saturation, were derived from the soil images captured by a smartphone. The correlation between color indices and SOM reveals the negative correlations between brightness (−0.790) and hue (−0.420) with the SOM content at significance level (p) <0.01. Conversely, the saturation of soil color, which performed best with the predictive model, exhibited a positive relationship (+0.120, p<0.05). The predictive performance of our model outperformed random forest (RF) algorithm compared to both multiple linear regression (MLR) and support vector machine (SVM). The RF algorithm achieved the highest coefficient of determination (R2) value of 0.984. Furthermore, it demonstrated the lowest error metrics. Notably, the root mean squared error value for the RF algorithm was only 0.025% with the training dataset, whereas the MLR and SVM algorithms yielded relatively higher values at 0.029% and 0.110%, respectively. These findings highlight the presence of a nonlinear relationship in predicting the SOM content, which the RF algorithm effectively captures. This approach offers accurate predictions of the SOM content, supporting sustainable agricultural land management through rapid and easy quantification.
Research on potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) nitrogen nutrition diagnosis based on hyperspectral data
Authors: Tang Zijun , Xiang Youzhen , Zhang Wei , Wang Xin , Zhang Fucang , Chen Junying 
Published: December 2023

AbstractReducing the overapplication of nitrogen fertilizers to potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) can reduce production costs and their impact on the environment. One approach to produce these impacts is to reduce overapplications of fertilizers by using the nitrogen nutrition index (NNI = plant nitrogen concentration/critical nitrogen concentration) as a basis for in‐season nitrogen recommendations. The objective of this study was to create a remote sensing–based algorithm to estimate NNI. This study collected hyperspectral data (350–1830 nm) during the potato tuber formation period in 2022 and 2023. The climate regime for the study area was a mid‐temperate semiarid continental monsoon; in our study, three different spectral parameter calculation methods were employed. First, the empirical vegetation index, determined through a fixed two‐band calculation. Second, the optimal vegetation index, computed on a band‐by‐band basis. Lastly, the trilateral spectral approach, wherein the indicators are typically associated with the red edge, blue edge, and green edge. The optimum vegetation index had the highest correlation with NNI. The support vector machine, random forest (RF), and back propagation neural network models were used to create NNI prediction models. All machine learning models effectively estimated NNI, and during validation, the R2 (coefficient of determination) was >0.700. In general, the RF model outperformed the other models and during validation had an R2 of 0.869, a root mean square error of 0.052, and a relative error of 5.504%. This study demonstrates the scalability, simplicity, and cost‐effectiveness of combining hyperspectral technology and machine learning for rapid potato NNI estimation.
Testing the reliability of the rearticulation of osteological primate pelves in comparative morphological studies
Authors: Torres‐Tamayo Nicole , Rae Todd C. , Hirasaki Eishi , Betti Lia 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe evolution of human pelvic form is primarily studied using disarticulated osteological material of living and fossil primates that need rearticulation to approximate anatomical position. To test whether this technique introduces errors that impact biological signals, virtual rearticulations of the pelvis in anatomical position from computed tomography scans were compared with rearticulated models from the same individuals for one female and one male of Homo sapiens, Pan troglodytes, Macaca mulatta, Lepilemur mustelinus, Galago senegalensis, and Nycticebus pygmaeus. “Cadaveric” pelvic bones were first analyzed in anatomical position, then the three bones were segmented individually, intentionally scattered, and “rearticulated” to test for rearticulation error. Three‐dimensional landmarks and linear measurements were used to characterize the overall pelvis shape. Cadaveric and rearticulated pelves were not identical, but inter‐specific and intra‐specific shape differences were higher than the landmarking error in the cadaveric individuals and the landmarking/rearticulation error in the rearticulated pelves, demonstrating that the biological signal is stronger than the noise introduced by landmarking and rearticulation. The rearticulation process, however, underestimates the medio‐lateral pelvic measurements in species with a substantial pubic gap (e.g., G. senegalensis, N. pygmaeus) possibly because the greater contribution of soft tissue to the pelvic girdle introduces higher uncertainty during rearticulation. Nevertheless, this discrepancy affects only the caudal‐most part of the pelvis. This study demonstrates that the rearticulation of pelvic bones does not substantially affect the biological signal in comparative 3D morphological studies but suggests that anatomically connected pelves of species with wide pubic gaps should be preferentially included in these studies.
BIRC5 facilitates cisplatin‐chemoresistance in a m6A‐dependent manner in ovarian cancer
Authors: Fan Yadan , Pan Yinglian , Jia Liping , Gu Shuzhen , Liu Binxin , Mei Ziman , Lv Chunyan , Huang Haohao , Zhu Genhai , Deng Qingchun 
Published: December 2023

AbstractCisplatin‐based chemotherapy is the standard treatment for metastatic ovarian cancer (OC). However, chemoresistance continues to pose significant clinical challenges. Recent research has highlighted the baculoviral inhibitor of the apoptosis protein repeat‐containing 5 (BIRC5) as a member of the inhibitor of the apoptosis protein (IAP) family. Notably, BIRC5, which has robust anti‐apoptotic capabilities, is overexpressed in numerous cancers. Its dysfunction has been linked to challenges in cancer treatment. Yet, the role of BIRC5 in the chemoresistance of OC remains elusive. In our present study, we observed an upregulation of BIRC5 in cisplatin‐resistant cell lines. This upregulation was associated with enhanced chemoresistance, which was diminished when the expression of BIRC5 was silenced. Intriguingly, BIRC5 exhibited a high number of N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) binding sites. The modification of m6A was found to enhance the expression of BIRC5 by recognizing and binding to the 3′‐UTR of mRNA. Additionally, the insulin‐like growth factor 2 mRNA‐binding protein 1 (IGF2BP1) was shown to stabilize BIRC5 mRNA, synergizing with METTL3 and intensifying chemoresistance. Supporting these in vitro findings, our in vivo experiments revealed that tumors were significantly smaller in size and volume when BIRC5 was silenced. This reduction was notably counteracted by co‐silencing BIRC5 and overexpressing IGF2BP1. Our results underscored the pivotal role of BIRC5 in chemoresistance. The regulation of its expression and the stability of its mRNA were influenced by m6A modifications involving both METTL3 and IGF2BP1. These insights presented BIRC5 as a promising potential therapeutic target for addressing cisplatin resistance in OC.
Know when a school official's personal observations are considered education records
Authors: Lyerly Eric 
Published: December 2023

The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act generally prohibits a college or university from disclosing personally identifiable information in a student's education record to a third party without consent. However, in an April 2023 guidance document, the Student Privacy Policy Office explained that “information that a school official obtains through personal knowledge or observation … is generally not protected by FERPA's limitations on the disclosure of education records, even if that information is also contained in an education record” (Student Privacy Policy Office, Guidance for School Officials on Student Health Records, April 12, 2023, bit.ly/3Nu74UK).
Liquefied Natural Gas Value Chain: A Comprehensive Review and Analysis
Authors: Shingan Bhalchandra , Banerjee Nilanjana , Kumawat Monika , Mitra Purnayan , Parthasarthy Vijay , Singh Varunpratap 
Published: December 2023

AbstractOver the past few decades, the liquefied natural gas (LNG) business has experienced astounding expansion and gained global relevance. LNG has emerged as a key element in meeting the world's rising energy demand while working to cut carbon emissions, since it is a cleaner and more adaptable energy source. The entire process from natural gas extraction to consumption is covered in the presented analysis of the LNG value chain, starting out by looking at the discovery and production of natural gas reserves, highlighting important innovations and methods used during the extraction stage. The procedures used to treat and purify natural gas in order to meet the strict standards for liquefaction are detailed. Analysis of the liquefaction process reveals numerous liquefaction technologies, e.g. the well‐known conventional liquefaction and the cutting‐edge floating LNG and small‐scale LNG facilities. LNG storage and transportation, as critical components in the value chain, are examined in great detail. When the LNG reaches its destination, regasification plays a crucial role in repurposing it as a gas for distribution and consumption. Regasification technologies, such as conventional onshore terminals, floating storage and regasification units, and land‐based regasification facilities, are covered. Concerns regarding methane emissions and the carbon footprint, the potential for reducing greenhouse gas emissions through new technology, the environmental impact of LNG, and the economics of LNG are also considered across its value chain.
Enhancing trust and security in IoT computing offloading through game theory and blockchain‐based control strategy
Authors: Cao Dongzhi , Liang Peng , Wu Tongjuan , Zhang Shiqiang , Zhou Li 
Published: December 2023

SummaryCollaboration between IoT end‐devices and edge servers or idle devices enables offloading of computational tasks, providing an effective solution to address inherent limitations in computational resources, storage capacity, and energy efficiency. However, IoT network openness introduces security challenges, such as privacy breaches, data security, and “free‐riding” attack. Securing computational offloading is crucial for service quality and reliability. In this article, we introduce a comprehensive approach to address these challenges. First, trust metrics are performed at the level of resource requester and resource provider respectively, and the trust level of both parties is matched to reduce the adverse effects of malicious devices or servers on computing offloading. Then, a distributed decision‐making method based on game theory is designed to improve the performance of the algorithm and avoid the single‐point‐of‐failure problem through the joint participation of multiple edge servers in decision‐making. Finally, a blockchain‐based task offloading process control strategy is used to deal with the “free‐riding” attack. The results of simulation experiments show the effectiveness of our proposed offloading decision‐making method.
Cleaner production practices, implementation concerns and measurement: A systematic literature review
Authors: de Melo Duarte Borges Thyago , Ganga Gilberto Miller Devós , Godinho Filho Moacir , Delai Ivete , Santa‐Eulalia Luis Antonio 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis study conducts a systematic literature review to investigate the state of the art of Cleaner Production (CP) across various dimensions. First, we categorize and discuss CP practices within distinct domains, including Product Change, Change Input Materials, Technology Change, Reuse Material On‐site, and Improved Housekeeping. Subsequentially, we map and analyze the phases of CP implementation – including the planning, pre‐assessment, assessment, and implementation options – underscoring the pivotal role of senior management commitment, multidisciplinary teams, and employee training. Lastly, we delve into multiple facets of CP evaluation, covering corporate governance, measurement of CP practices, benefits of CP implementation, evaluation of CP projects, and the instruments employed. We also pinpoint contradictions and research gaps in the field and propose diverse avenues for future research. This research makes significant contributions by synthesizing, integrating and discussing existing CP categories, highlighting trends and gaps in the literature, and offering practical insights to industry practitioners, policymakers, and organizations.
Identification of distinct vascular mural cell populations during zebrafish embryonic development
Authors: Colijn Sarah , Nambara Miku , Malin Gracie , Sacchetti Elena A. , Stratman Amber N. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundMural cells are an essential perivascular cell population that associate with blood vessels and contribute to vascular stabilization and tone. In the embryonic zebrafish vasculature, pdgfrb and tagln are commonly used as markers for identifying pericytes and vascular smooth muscle cells. However, the overlapping and distinct expression patterns of these markers in tandem have not been fully described.ResultsHere, we used the Tg(pdgfrb:Gal4FF; UAS:RFP) and Tg(tagln:NLS‐EGFP) transgenic lines to identify single‐ and double‐positive perivascular cell populations on the cranial, axial, and intersegmental vessels between 1 and 5 days postfertilization. From this comparative analysis, we discovered two novel regions of tagln‐positive cell populations that have the potential to function as mural cell precursors. Specifically, we found that the hypochord—a reportedly transient structure—contributes to tagln‐positive cells along the dorsal aorta. We also identified a unique mural cell progenitor population that resides along the midline between the neural tube and notochord and contributes to intersegmental vessel mural cell coverage.ConclusionTogether, our findings highlight the variability and versatility of tracking both pdgfrb and tagln expression in mural cells of the developing zebrafish embryo and reveal unexpected embryonic cell populations that express pdgfrb and tagln.
Potential hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic bioactive constituents in Cyclocarya paliurus leaves explored by affinity ultrafiltration with α‐glucosidase and pancreatic lipase
Authors: Xu Mengjia , Feng Huixia , Guo Mingquan 
Published: December 2023

AbstractCyclocarya paliurus has been widely applied for therapeutic feeding as a traditional Chinese medicine homologous food with high nutritional and medical value. Nevertheless, the specific bioactive compounds liable for hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic properties and underlying mechanisms remain unexplored. In the present study, the in vitro hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of C. paliurus were assessed by α‐glucosidase and pancreatic lipase inhibition assays, and the results indicated that 70% ethanol extract exhibited remarkable α‐glucosidase and pancreatic lipase inhibitory activity with the IC50 value of 3.14 μg/mL and 0.98 μg/mL, respectively. A total of 18 and 15 potential ligand candidates were screened, and the chemical structures were characterized. Furthermore, the docking result showed that chlorogenic acid, quercetin, kaempferol 3‐O‐rhamnoside, and pterocaryoside A contributed to the underlying hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of C. paliurus, further strengthened the bindings of the enzyme‐ligand complex and suppressed the enzyme's activity with the binding energies ranged from −4.00 to −6.31 kcal/mol. The interrelations between the specific bioactive constituents, α‐glucosidase or lipase, and hypoglycemic or hypolipidemic activities were also carified. The present study reveals substantial prospects of C. paliurus to be developed as a natural dietotherapy, disease‐prevention, and healthcare for diabetes and obesity in the near future.
Physical damage‐hysteretic response correlation for steel sheet sheathed cold‐formed steel‐framed wall‐lines
Authors: Singh Amanpreet , Wang Xiang , Zhang Zhidong , Peterman Kara D. , Schafer Benjamin W. , Hutchinson Tara C. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractUse of cold‐formed steel (CFS) framing as load‐bearing system for gravity and lateral loads in buildings is becoming increasingly common in the North American construction industry, notably in high seismic regions where light‐weight construction is an attractive option. Buildings framed with closely spaced and repetitively placed CFS members can be detailed to develop lateral resistance using a variety of sheathing options. A relatively new option involves the use of steel sheet as sheathing. Steel sheet sheathed CFS shear walls offer high lateral strength and stiffness, and provide ductility courtesy of tension field action within the steel sheet. Despite their acceptance, gaps in the understanding of their behavior do exist, notably, behavior under dynamic loading, the contribution of nonstructural architectural finishes, and the behavior of wall‐lines: shear walls placed inline with gravity walls. To this end, a two‐phased experimental effort was undertaken to advance understanding of the lateral response of CFS‐framed wall‐line systems. Specifically, a suite of wall‐lines, detailed for mid‐rise buildings, were evaluated through simulated seismic loading imposed via shake table and quasi‐static cyclic tests. Damage to the wall‐lines was largely manifested in the form of damage to fastener connections used for attaching the sheathing and gypsum panels, and separation of exterior finish layer. This paper documents and quantifies the progressively incurred physical damage observed in the tested wall‐line assemblies, and correlates it with the evolution of dynamic characteristics and hysteretic energy dissipated across a spectrum of performance levels.