bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Deep Learning-Based Ensemble Method for Early Diagnosis of Alzheimer’s Disease using MRI Images
Authors: Fathi Sina , Ahmadi Ali , Dehnad Afsaneh , Almasi-Dooghaee Mostafa , Sadegh Melika ,   for the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: December 2023

AbstractRecently, the early diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease has gained major attention due to the growing prevalence of the disease and the resulting costs imposed on individuals and society. The main objective of this study was to propose an ensemble method based on deep learning for the early diagnosis of AD using MRI images. The methodology of this study consisted of collecting the dataset, preprocessing, creating the individual and ensemble models, evaluating the models based on ADNI data, and validating the trained model based on the local dataset. The proposed method was an ensemble approach selected through a comparative analysis of various ensemble scenarios. Finally, the six best individual CNN-based classifiers were selected to combine and constitute the ensemble model. The evaluation showed an accuracy rate of 98.57, 96.37, 94.22, 99.83, 93.88, and 93.92 for NC/AD, NC/EMCI, EMCI/LMCI, LMCI/AD, four-way and three-way classification groups, respectively. The validation results on the local dataset revealed an accuracy of 88.46 for three-way classification. Our performance results were higher than most reviewed studies and comparable with others. Although comparative analysis showed superior results of ensemble methods against individual architectures, there were no significant differences among various ensemble approaches. The validation results revealed the low performance of individual models in practice. In contrast, the ensemble method showed promising results. However, further studies on various and larger datasets are required to validate the generalizability of the model.
“Intersubjectivity is Intercorporeity”: A Philosophical Comment on Staubmann’s Sociology in a New Key
Authors: Wehinger Daniel 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe body is one of the main themes in Staubmann’s Sociology in a New Key: Staubmann wants to establish a sociology that is grounded in the body and that does justice to the bodily dimension of sociality. In what follows, I will examine Staubmann’s theory of the body from a philosophical viewpoint. I will discuss his main claims and relate them to recent developments in philosophy.First, I will outline Staubmann’s position. Then, I will explore the similarities between this position and the interaction theory of social cognition, as developed by Gallagher, De Jaegher, Fuchs, and other philosophers. My main focus, however, will be on the relation between Staubmann’s theory of the body and that of Thompson and Merleau-Ponty: I will point out the differences between their approaches but also highlight their similarities. In the end, I will make a plea for a non-reductive conception of life, which, I believe, is very much in line with Staubmann’s Sociology in a New Key.
The dik-diks of Guli Waabayo: Late Pleistocene net-hunting and forager sociality in eastern Africa
Authors: Jones Mica B. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractNet-hunting is closely linked to organized labor and hunter-gatherer cooperation in many world regions. At the Rifle Range Site (RRS) in southern Somalia, scholars have argued that Later Stone Age (LSA) foragers developed specialized dwarf antelope hunting strategies—possibly using communal net-drives—to facilitate developing concepts of territoriality around resource-rich inselberg environments during a wet period in the early and middle Holocene. Unfortunately, a lack of radiocarbon dates and faunal data limited detailed zooarchaeological perspectives on changing hunting patterns at the site. The large and well-dated dwarf antelope bone assemblage (1263 specimens) from nearby Guli Waabayo (GW) rock shelter, on the other hand, provides an opportunity to explore proposed relationships between net-hunting and LSA social and economic reorganization in southern Somalia ~ 26–6 thousand years ago (ka). Consistently high dik-dik frequencies (55.2–71.9%) and mortality profiles comprised of individuals from all age groups throughout the sequence do not support previous arguments associating specialized dwarf antelope hunting with territoriality and Holocene climatic amelioration at RRS. Instead, they suggest that LSA foraging groups regularly hunted dik-dik (genusMadoqua) using nets over a ~ 20,000-year period beginning as far back as the arid Marine Isotope Stage 2, 29–14.5 ka. Findings from this study complement recent arguments for greater economic variability in Late Pleistocene eastern Africa and push discussions of forager social change further back in time than previously considered.
Food systems thinking unpacked: a scoping review on industrial diets among adolescents in Ghana
Authors: Sambu Winnie Chepng’etich , Picchioni Fiorella , Stevano Sara , Codjoe Emmanuel A. , Nkegbe Paul Kwame , Turner Christopher 
Published: December 2023

AbstractUnhealthy diets are among the main risk factors associated with non-communicable diseases (NCDs). In Sub Saharan Africa, NCDs were responsible for 37% of deaths in 2019, rising from 24% in 2000. There is an increasing emphasis on health-harming industrial foods, such as ultra-processed foods (UPFs), in driving the incidence of diet-related NCDs. However, there is a methodological gap in food systems research to adequately account for the processes and actors that shape UPFs consumption across the different domains of the food systems framework and macro-meso-micro levels of analysis. This paper interrogates how the Food Systems Framework for Improved Nutrition (HLPE in Nutrition and food systems. A report by the high level panel of experts on food security and nutrition of the committee on world food security, 2017), considered the dominant framework to analyse nutrition, and language of interdisciplinarity are practised in research with regards to consumption of UPFs among adolescents in Ghana, a population group that is often at the forefront of dramatic shifts in diets and lifestyles. We conducted a scoping review of studies published between 2010 and February 2022, retrieved 25 studies, and mapped the findings against the domains and analysis levels of the Food Systems Framework for Improved Nutrition (HLPE in Nutrition and food systems. A report by the high level panel of experts on food security and nutrition of the committee on world food security, 2017). Our study illustrates that there is a tendency to address unhealthy diets among adolescents in a siloed manner, and as a behavioural and nutritional issue. In most cases, the analyses fail to show how domains of the food systems framework are connected and do not account for linkages across different levels of analysis. Methodologically, there is a quantitative bias. From the policy point of view, there is a disconnect between national food policies and food governance (i.e., trade and regulations) and initiatives and measures specifically targeted at adolescent’s food environments and the drivers of UPFs consumption.
The Role of Lifestyle Modification with Second-Generation Anti-obesity Medications: Comparisons, Questions, and Clinical Opportunities
Authors: Wadden Thomas A. , Chao Ariana M. , Moore Molly , Tronieri Jena S. , Gilden Adam , Amaro Anastassia , Leonard Sharon , Jakicic John M. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Purpose of Review
This review examines lifestyle modification for obesity management with the goal of identifying treatment components that could support the use of a new generation of anti-obesity medications (AOMs).

Recent Findings
Semaglutide reliably reduces baseline body weight by approximately 15% at 68 weeks, in contrast to 5–10% for lifestyle modification. Tirzepatide induces mean losses as great as 20.9%. Both medications reduce energy intake by markedly enhancing satiation and decreasing hunger, and they appear to lessen the need for traditional cognitive and behavioral strategies (e.g., monitoring food intake) to achieve calorie restriction. Little, however, is known about whether patients who lose weight with these AOMs adopt healthy diet and activity patterns needed to optimize body composition, cardiometabolic health, and quality of life.

Summary
When used with the new AOMs, the focus of lifestyle modification is likely to change from inducing weight loss (through calorie restriction) to facilitating patients’ adoption of dietary and activity patterns that will promote optimal changes in body composition and overall health.
Mechanical and electrical responses of natural-cooled high-temperature granite of different grain sizes
Authors: Jia Peng , Qian Yijin , Wang Qiwei , Mao Songze , Lu Jialiang 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn order to understand the effect of grain size on the mechanical and electrical responses of natural-cooled high-temperature granite, uniaxial compression tests were carried out on natural cooled coarse- and fine-grained granite samples subjected to thermal treatment at room temperature, 200 °C, 400 °C, and 600 °C respectively. The resistivity and acoustic emission (AE) during the compression were monitored and changes in physical and mechanical properties, the AE and resistivity characteristics in the loading process were analyzed. Results show that high temperature exerts a more significant effect on deteriorating the coarse-grained granite. Changes in resistivity can reflect the development of rock damage. Corresponding to the compaction stage, crack initiation and stable propagation stage, and crack rapid propagation stage of rock under compressive load, changes in resistivity can be divided into three stages accordingly, including the initial rapid descent stage, the gentle descent stage, and the secondary rapid descent stage for the thermal-treated rock at 25–400 °C. The secondary rapid descent stage of resistivity can be used as a precursor for rock entering into the failure stage. The resistivity change is more sensitive to the damage development in coarse-grained granite.
Evolutionary Optimization of Convolutional Extreme Learning Machine for Remaining Useful Life Prediction
Authors: Mo Hyunho , Iacca Giovanni 
Published: December 2023

AbstractRemaining useful life (RUL) prediction is a key enabler for making optimal maintenance strategies. Data-driven approaches, especially employing neural networks (NNs) such as multi-layer perceptrons (MLPs) and convolutional neural networks (CNNs), have gained increasing attention in the field of RUL prediction. Most of the past research has mainly focused on minimizing the RUL prediction error by training NNs with back-propagation (BP), which in general requires an extensive computational effort. However, in practice, such BP-based NNs (BPNNs) may not be affordable in industrial contexts that normally seek to save cost by minimizing access to expensive computing infrastructures. Driven by this motivation, here, we propose: (1) to use a very fast learning scheme called extreme learning machine (ELM) for training two different kinds of feed-forward neural networks (FFNNs), namely a single-layer feed-forward neural network (SL-FFNN) and a Convolutional ELM (CELM); and (2) to optimize the architecture of those networks by applying evolutionary computation. More specifically, we employ a multi-objective optimization (MOO) technique to search for the best network architectures in terms of trade-off between RUL prediction error and number of trainable parameters, the latter being correlated with computational effort. In our experiments, we test our methods on a widely used benchmark dataset, the C-MAPSS, on which we search such trade-off solutions. Compared to other methods based on BPNNs, our methods outperform a MLP and show a similar level of performance to a CNN in terms of prediction error, while using a much smaller (up to two orders of magnitude) number of trainable parameters.
“Radio Is a Blank Canvas for Youth Work”: Communication, Creative Agency, Compassion and Empathy
Authors: Howard Frances 
Published: December 2023

AbstractYouth radio projects are firmly rooted in young people’s cultural and everyday experiences. Aligning with the open access, dialogic and participatory nature of youth work, youth radio programmes represent an ‘asset-based’ endeavour, which builds on young people’s cultural funds of knowledge. This article draws on data from two youth radio projects: Bolt FM, based in North East Glasgow, Scotland, and YMCA Digital, based in Nottingham, England. Youth workers and young people were interviewed about the affordances of radio as an outlet for creativity in their lives. In combination with youth work practice, radio as an art form can enable young people to tell stories, offer alternative narratives and more authentic modes of cultural production. Exploring creativity, this study theorises this mode of youth arts practice through Paul Willis’ Common Culture (1990). In the case of youth radio projects, communication, creative agency, compassion and empathy manifested. These findings strengthen existing research which highlights the value of youth work and radio programmes for young people.
Characterization of Thermal‐Hydraulic Coupling Behavior for Moraine Soil With Ice Inclusions in a Warming Environment
Authors: Zhou Jia‐Qing , Zhu Wen‐Yu , Li Qi‐Long , Wang Rui , Li Changdong , Gu Dongming , Wang Jiao 
Published: December 2023

AbstractA warming environment is promoting the thawing process in ice‐rich moraine soils in cold alpine regions, thereby accelerating the formation/development of geohazards in these regions. The mechanism of these geohazards is closely related to the thermal‐hydraulic (TH) coupling behavior of moraine soils, which has rarely been investigated. Here, we conducted a series of bench‐scale TH coupling simulations of moraine soils with ice inclusions in a warming environment. The numerical model was conceptualized from a field survey on the Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau, which consists of a porous medium embedded with multilayer ice cubes with warmer water continuously flowing through it. A TH coupling framework considering ice‐water phase change was established to implement this coupled simulation with different initial ice contents and hydraulic gradients. The simulated results showed phased and nonlinear evolutionary features of temperature, ice content, and permeability for the moraine soil system. Further analyses showed that these complex evolutionary features can be reproduced by empirical formulas, with concise expressions following dimensional consistency and some coefficients having potential physical meanings. The discriminant models of two equilibrium states were finally developed to predict the critical times of structure stabilization and thermal equilibrium of the moraine soil system. This study presents the complex evolution of TH coupling properties of moraine soils, and simultaneously demonstrates that these properties can be predicted and characterized.
Decomposing the Precipitation Response to Climate Change in Convection Allowing Simulations Over the Conterminous United States
Authors: Wallace Brendan C. , Haberlie Alex M. , Ashley Walker S. , Gensini Vittorio A. , Michaelis Allison C. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractExplicit representation of finer‐scale processes can affect the sign and magnitude of the precipitation response to climate change between convection‐permitting and convection‐parameterizing models. We compare precipitation across two 15‐year epochs, a historical (HIST) and an end‐of‐21st‐century (EoC85), between a set of dynamically downscaled regional climate simulations at 3.75 km grid spacing (WRF) and bias‐corrected Community Earth System Model (CESM) output used to initialize and force the lateral boundaries of the downscaled simulations. In the historical climate, the downscaled simulations demonstrate less overall error than CESM when compared to observations for most portions of the conterminous United States. Both sets of simulations overestimate the incidence of environments with moderate to high precipitable water while CESM generally simulates rainfall that is too frequent but less intense. Within both sets of simulations, EoC85 rainfall amounts decrease in low‐moisture environments due to reduced rainfall frequency and intensity while rainfall amounts increase in high‐moisture environments as they occur more often. Overall, reductions in rainfall are stronger in WRF than in CESM, particularly during the warm season. This reduced drying in CESM is attributed to relatively higher rainfall frequency in environments with high concentrations of precipitable water and weak vertical motion. As a result, an increase in the occurrence of high moisture environments in EoC85 naturally favors more rainfall in CESM than WRF. Our results present an in‐depth examination of the characteristics of changes in overall accumulated precipitation and highlight an extra dimension of uncertainty when comparing convection‐permitting models against convection‐parameterizing models.
Processes in the Surface Ocean Regulate Dissolved Organic Matter Distributions in the Deep
Authors: Bercovici Sarah K. , Dittmar Thorsten , Niggemann Jutta 
Published: December 2023

AbstractMarine dissolved organic matter (DOM) is a major global carbon pool, consisting of thousands of compounds with distinct lifetimes. While marine DOM persists for millennia, its molecular and isotopic composition imply that it is dynamic on shorter timescales. To determine the extent to which DOM deviates from conservative water mass mixing, we conducted a two‐endmember mixing analysis on dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration and DOM molecular composition in the Atlantic and Pacific. Endmembers were the deep water masses near their formation sites. For DOM composition, we considered 6118 molecular formulae (MF) identified via Fourier‐transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry in solid‐phase extracts (SPE) of 837 samples. Bulk DOC and SPE‐DOC concentrations behaved conservatively in both basins and ≥70% of the MF (14–20 μM SPE‐DOC) mixed conservatively. However, a small fraction (10%–20%) of the MF (<3 μM SPE‐DOC) were added or removed during mixing. These MF were more reduced and oxidized, respectively, than the conservative fraction. There were also MF absent from the endmembers; these accounted for ≤1 μM of SPE‐DOC and positively correlated with DOM lability. Based on their distribution across the two basins, we conclude that the conserved MF are formed in the surface subtropical ocean and modified in overturning areas. In the deep ocean, however, these MF are solely controlled by mixing. This finding contrasts with the current paradigm of slow, continuous degradation of recalcitrant DOM in the deep ocean. Our analysis illustrates the importance of the surface ocean in controlling DOM cycling in the deep.
Fine‐Scale Structures of STEVE Revealed by 4K Imaging
Authors: Nishimura Y. , Dyer A. , Donovan E. F. , Angelopoulos V. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWe utilized a 4K imaging to examine properties of fine‐scale structures of Strong Thermal Emission Velocity Enhancement (STEVE) near the magnetic zenith. Its high spatial (0.09 km at 200 km altitude) and temporal (24 Hz) resolution provided unprecedented details of fine‐scale structures in the subauroral ionosphere. Although the STEVE emission was seen as a homogeneous purple/mauve arc in the all‐sky images, the high‐speed imaging revealed that STEVE contained substantial multi‐scale structures. The characteristic wavelength and period were 12.4 ± 7.4 km and 1.4 ± 0.8 s, and they drifted westward at 8.9 ± 0.7 km/s. The speed is comparable to the reported magnitude of the intense subauroral ion drifts (SAID), suggesting that the fine‐scale structures are an optical manifestation of the E × B drift in the intense SAID. A spectral analysis identified multiple peaks at >10, 4, 2, 1.1, and <1/5 s period (>83, 33, 16, 9, and <1.7 km wavelength). Although most of the fine‐scale structures were stable during the drift across the field of view, some of the structures dynamically evolved within a few tens of km. The fine‐scale structures have a power law spectrum with a slope of −1, indicating that shear flow turbulence cascade structures to smaller scales. The fine‐scale structures pose a challenge to the subauroral ionosphere‐thermosphere interaction about how the ionosphere creates such fine‐scale structures and how the thermosphere reacts much faster than expected from a typical chemical reaction time.
Nonlinear Internal Tides in a Realistically Forced Global Ocean Simulation
Authors: Solano Miguel S. , Buijsman Maarten C. , Shriver Jay F. , Magalhaes Jorge , da Silva Jose , Jackson Christopher , Arbic Brian K. , Barkan Roy 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe decay of the low‐mode internal tide due to the superharmonic energy cascade is investigated in a realistically forced global Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model simulation with 1/25° (4 km) horizontal grid spacing. Time‐mean and depth‐integrated supertidal kinetic energy is found to be largest near low‐latitude internal tide generation sites, such as the Bay of Bengal, Amazon Shelf, and Mascarene Ridge. The supertidal kinetic energy can make up to 50% of the total internal tide kinetic energy several hundred kilometers from the generation sites. As opposed to the tidal flux divergence, the supertidal flux divergence does not correlate with the barotropic to baroclinic energy conversion. Instead, the time‐mean and depth‐integrated supertidal flux divergence correlates with the nonlinear kinetic energy transfers from (sub)tidal to supertidal frequency bands as estimated with a novel coarse‐graining approach. The regular spaced banding patterns of the surface‐intensified nonlinear energy transfers are attributed to semidiurnal mode 1 and mode 2 internal waves that interfere constructively at the surface. This causes patches where both surface tidal kinetic energy and nonlinear energy transfers are elevated. The simulated internal tide off the Amazon Shelf steepens significantly near these patches, generating solitary‐like waves in good agreement with Synthetic Aperture Radar imagery. Globally, we find that regions of high supertidal energy flux also show a high correlation with observed instances of internal solitary waves.
Atmospheric Refraction Delay Toward Millimeter‐Level Lunar Laser Ranging: Correcting the Temperature‐Induced Error With Real‐Time and Co‐Located Lidar Measurements
Authors: He Yun , Jing Dongzhe , Liu Qi , Liu Fuchao , Yi Fan 
Published: December 2023

AbstractNext‐generation lunar laser ranging (LLR) aims for mm‐level accuracy, significantly promoting the study of gravitational physics. However, atmospheric refraction delay causes an unacceptable ranging error that can be efficiently corrected by neither the atmospheric delay models nor ray‐tracing calculation. Here we report on an improved ray‐tracing method, in which temperature profiles measured by radiosonde are replaced by those measured by a pure rotational Raman lidar, to realize real‐time and co‐located delay correction. Using 9‐night lidar observations, temperature‐induced delays of ±15 mm can be corrected for laser ranging, which is the largest residual in the LLR error budget.