bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comprehensive analysis and classification of retrocondylar ulnar groove morphology using CT imaging in an average population of adults
Authors: Przyklenk Axel , Hackl Michael , Leschinger Tim , Ott Nadine , Harbrecht Andreas , Müller Lars Peter , Wegmann Kilian 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Anatomical variations of the concave shaped retrocondylar ulnar groove (RUG) can contribute to ulnar nerve instability. However, there are currently limited available standardized data describing the anatomy of the RUG based on radiologic imaging, such as computed tomography (CT). This study aims to provide a comprehensive description and classification of RUG anatomy based on RUG angle measurements.

Methods
400 CT scans of the elbows of adults showing no signs of osseous damage were evaluated. RUG angles were measured in four anatomically defined axial planes that spanned from the proximal to the distal end of the RUG. Furthermore, distance measurements at the medial epicondyle were conducted. A classification system for the RUG is proposed based on the acquired RUG angles, aiming to categorize the individual angles according to the 25th and 75th percentiles.

Results
RUG angles were significantly larger in males compared to females (p < 0.001) accompanied by larger distances including the off-set and height of the medial epicondyle (p < 0.001). RUG angles decreased from proximal to distal locations (p < 0.05).

Conclusion
This study revealed that men exhibited larger RUG angles compared to women, indicating a less-concave shape of the RUG in men. Introducing an objective RUG classification system can improve our understanding of anatomical variations and potentially find application in diagnostics and preoperative planning.
Weiterbildung in Psychedelika-assistierter Therapie – Erfahrungen aus der Schweiz
Authors: Aicher H. D. , Gasser P. 
Published: February 2024

ZusammenfassungErste Studienergebnisse zeigen ein Potenzial von Psychedelika und 3,4-Methylendioxy-N-methylamphetamin (MDMA) für die Behandlung von affektiven Störungen. Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird argumentiert, dass die Ausbildung von Therapeut*innen von entscheidender Bedeutung ist, um diese Substanzen in der Psychedelika-assistierten Therapie (PAT) sicher und wirksam einzusetzen. Verschiedene Kontexte, beispielsweise das Studiensetting oder die psychotherapeutische Praxis, erfordern unterschiedliche Qualifikationen von Behandler*innen. Zum Beispiel sind die Verantwortlichkeiten von Sitter*in und Therapeut*in zu differenzieren, was Implikationen für die entsprechenden Ausbildungsprogramme hat. Diese Vielfalt spiegelt sich auch international in den bereits bestehenden Angeboten wider. Die aktuelle Behandlungspraxis in der Schweiz basiert auf Ausnahmebewilligungen der Gesundheitsbehörde (Bundesamt für Gesundheit, BAG) für die beschränkte medizinische Anwendung von Lysergsäurediethylamid (LSD), MDMA und Psilocybin zur Behandlung von Patient*innen. Vor diesem Hintergrund wird der psychotherapeutische Rahmen der PAT skizziert und die entsprechende Notwendigkeit einer spezialisierten Weiterbildung betont. Die Schweizerische Ärztegesellschaft für Psycholytische Therapie (SÄPT) bietet seit 2018 solche PAT-Weiterbildungen an. Der Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über die Weiterbildungsstruktur, theoretische und praktische Inhalte sowie weitere Aspekte. Darüber hinaus wird die mögliche Relevanz der psychedelischen Selbsterfahrung der Therapeut*innen adressiert. Angesichts der zunehmenden Nachfrage und des aktuell begrenzten Angebots ist die Etablierung weiterer qualitativ hochwertiger, breit zugänglicher Fortbildungsprogramme von zentraler Bedeutung. Zur Qualitätssicherung spielen weitere Strukturen und insbesondere die kollegiale Vernetzung entscheidende Rollen.
Another view of sequential sampling in the birth process with immigration
Authors: da Silva Poly H. , Jamshidpey Arash , Tavaré Simon 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWe explore properties of the family sizes arising in a linear birth process with immigration (BI). In particular, we study the correlation of the number of families observed during consecutive disjoint intervals of time. Letting S(a, b) be the number of families observed in (a, b), we study the expected sample variance and its asymptotics for p consecutive sequential samples $$S_p =(S(t_0,t_1),\dots , S(t_{p-1},t_p))$$

S
p

=

(
S

(

t
0

,

t
1

)

,
⋯
,
S

(

t

p
-
1

,

t
p

)

)

, for $$0=t_0<t_1<\dots <t_p$$

0
=

t
0

<

t
1

<
⋯
<

t
p

. By conditioning on the sizes of the samples, we provide a connection between $$S_p$$

S
p

and p sequential samples of sizes $$n_1,n_2,\dots ,n_p$$

n
1

,

n
2

,
⋯
,

n
p

, drawn from a single run of a Chinese Restaurant Process. Properties of the latter were studied in da Silva et al. (Bernoulli 29:1166–1194, 2023. https://doi.org/10.3150/22-BEJ1494). We show how the continuous-time framework helps to make asymptotic calculations easier than its discrete-time counterpart. As an application, for a specific choice of $$t_1,t_2,\dots , t_p$$

t
1

,

t
2

,
⋯
,

t
p

, where the lengths of intervals are logarithmically equal, we revisit Fisher’s 1943 multi-sampling problem and give another explanation of what Fisher’s model could have meant in the world of sequential samples drawn from a BI process.
Energy deposition of ultrashort laser pulses in polyvinyl chloride measured by two-color pump-probe shadowgraphy
Authors: Schott Nils , Schaumann Gabriel , Brönner Matthias , Christ Fabian , Roth Markus 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWe report on the energy deposition of ultrashort laser pulses with two different intensities of 6 $$\hbox {TW cm}^{-2}$$

TW

cm

-
2

and 143 $$\hbox {TW cm}^{-2}$$

TW

cm

-
2

in polyvinyl chloride, using two-color pump-probe shadowgraphy. The interaction is imaged during the pulse propagation into the medium and up to 200 $$\upmu \textrm{s}$$

μ
s

after. The shadowgraphs show that higher-intensity pulses induce significantly more ionization of the material. Furthermore, it is shown that lower-intensity pulses propagate over the entire visible range of the shadowgraph without major losses, while higher-intensity pulses fade significantly after about 200 $$\upmu \textrm{s}$$

μ
s

. After the interaction, pulses of both intensities produce a similar temperature-induced shadowgraphy pattern. The observations of the ionization process, the propagation of the pulse in the medium, and the thermalization are explained based on theory regarding ultrashort pulse laser interaction with dielectrics. Furthermore, the ablation craters produced by multiple consecutive pulses of both intensities are compared. The crater produced with lower-intensity pulses shows trails of material change significantly below the ablation crater, while these trails do not exist when using pulses with higher intensity. This is attributed to the differences in pulse propagation observed in the shadowgraphs of single pulses. This work demonstrates, for the first time, the intensity dependence of energy deposition of ultrashort laser pulses in polyvinyl chloride and its consequences for laser micromachining.
The interplay of collagen, macrophages, and microcalcification in atherosclerotic plaque cap rupture mechanics
Authors: Jansen Imke , Cahalane Rachel , Hengst Ranmadusha , Akyildiz Ali , Farrell Eric , Gijsen Frank , Aikawa Elena , van der Heiden Kim , Wissing Tamar 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque cap overlying a lipid pool and/or necrotic core can lead to thrombotic cardiovascular events. In essence, the rupture of the plaque cap is a mechanical event, which occurs when the local stress exceeds the local tissue strength. However, due to inter- and intra-cap heterogeneity, the resulting ultimate cap strength varies, causing proper assessment of the plaque at risk of rupture to be lacking. Important players involved in tissue strength include the load-bearing collagenous matrix, macrophages, as major promoters of extracellular matrix degradation, and microcalcifications, deposits that can exacerbate local stress, increasing tissue propensity for rupture. This review summarizes the role of these components individually in tissue mechanics, along with the interplay between them. We argue that to be able to improve risk assessment, a better understanding of the effect of these individual components, as well as their reciprocal relationships on cap mechanics, is required. Finally, we discuss potential future steps, including a holistic multidisciplinary approach, multifactorial 3D in vitro model systems, and advancements in imaging techniques. The obtained knowledge will ultimately serve as input to help diagnose, prevent, and treat atherosclerotic cap rupture.
Obesity management: sex-specific considerations
Authors: Kantowski Tobias , Schulze zur Wiesch Clarissa , Aberle Jens , Lautenbach Anne 
Published: February 2024

AbstractObesity is a global health issue that has grown to epidemic proportions. According to World Health Organisation (WHO), overweight and obesity are responsible for more than 1.2 million deaths in Europe each year, representing > 13% of the region's total mortality. Highly processed, calorie-dense foods and reduced physical activity are considered as primary drivers of obesity, but genetic predisposition also plays a significant role. Notably, obesity is more prevalent in women than in men in most countries, and several obesity-related comorbidities exhibit sex-specific pathways. Treatment indication depends on BMI (body mass index), as well as existing comorbidities and risk factors. To reduce obesity-associated comorbidities, a permanent reduction in body weight of (at least) 5–10% is recommended. Treatment guidelines suggest an escalating stepwise approach including lifestyle intervention, pharmacotherapy, and bariatric-metabolic surgery. As cumulative evidence suggests differences in weight loss outcomes, there is growing interest in sex-specific considerations in obesity management. However, most trials do not report weight loss or changes in body composition separately for women and men. Here, we discuss state-of-the-art obesity management and focus on current data about the impact of sex on weight loss outcomes.
OCT risk factors for 2-year foveal involvement in non-treated eyes with extrafoveal geographic atrophy and AMD
Authors: Borrelli Enrico , Barresi Costanza , Berni Alessandro , Viggiano Pasquale , Reibaldi Michele , Introini Ugo , Bandello Francesco 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Purpose
To assess the relationship of optical coherence tomography (OCT) findings and progression to foveal atrophy in a cohort of eyes with extrafoveal geographic atrophy (GA) and age-related macular degeneration (AMD) at inclusion.

Methods
We retrospectively analyzed 45 participants (45 eyes) with extrafoveal GA at baseline and with 2 years of regular follow-ups. Several OCT qualitative features (i.e., presence of foveal flat pigment epithelium detachment with a thin double layer sign [DLS] and reticular pseudodrusen, GA focality) and quantitative measurements (outer retinal layer thickness, retinal pigment epithelium [RPE] to Bruch’s membrane [BM] volume, minimum distance from the central foveal circle, and untransformed GA lesion size area) were assessed at baseline. Logistic regression analyses were carried out to identify independent significant predictors and compute odds ratios (ORs) for the risk of the development of atrophy.

Results
At month 24, 26 eyes (57.8%) developed atrophy in the foveal central circle, while 11 eyes (24.4%) developed atrophy in the foveal central point. Significant independent predictive features for the development of atrophy in the foveal central circle included foveal outer retinal thickness (OR, 0.867; p = 0.015), minimum distance from the foveal central circle (OR, 0.992; p = 0.022), and foveal thin DLS (OR, 0.044; p = 0.036). The only independent predictive feature for the development of atrophy in the foveal central point was the presence of foveal thin DLS (OR, 0.138; p = 0.017).

Conclusions
We identified OCT risk factors for 2-year foveal atrophy in eyes with untreated extrafoveal GA at baseline.
Increased body movement equals better performance? Not always! Musical style determines motion degree perceived as optimal in music performance
Authors: Moura Nádia , Fonseca Pedro , Vilas-Boas João Paulo , Serra Sofia 
Published: February 2024

AbstractMusicians’ body behaviour has a preponderant role in audience perception. We investigated how performers’ motion is perceived depending on the musical style and musical expertise. To further explore the effect of visual input, stimuli were presented in audio-only, audio–visual and visual-only conditions. We used motion and audio recordings of expert saxophone players playing two contrasting excerpts (positively and negatively valenced). For each excerpt, stimuli represented five motion degrees with increasing quantity of motion (QoM) and distinct predominant gestures. In the experiment (online and in-person), 384 participants rated performance recordings for expressiveness, professionalism and overall quality. Results revealed that, for the positively valenced excerpt, ratings increased as a function of QoM, whilst for the negatively valenced, the recording with predominant flap motion was favoured. Musicianship did not have a significant effect in motion perception. Concerning multisensory integration, both musicians and non-musicians presented visual dominance in the positively valenced excerpt, whereas in the negatively valenced, musicians shifted to auditory dominance. Our findings demonstrate that musical style not only determines the way observers perceive musicians’ movement as adequate, but also that it can promote changes in multisensory integration.
Electron microscopic analysis of the influence of iPSC-derived motor neurons on bioengineered human skeletal muscle tissues
Authors: Nguyen Christine T. , Chávez-Madero Carolina , Jacques Erik , Musgrave Brennen , Yin Ting , Saraci Kejzi , Gilbert Penney M. , Stewart Bryan A. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract3D bioengineered skeletal muscle macrotissues are increasingly important for studies of cell biology and development of therapeutics. Tissues derived from immortalized cells obtained from patient samples, or from pluripotent stem cells, can be co-cultured with motor-neurons to create models of human neuromuscular junctions in culture. In this study, we present foundational work on 3D cultured muscle ultrastructure, with and without motor neurons, which is enabled by the development of a new co-culture platform. Our results show that tissues from Duchenne muscular dystrophy patients are poorly organized compared to tissues grown from healthy donor and that the presence of motor neurons invariably improves sarcomere organization. Electron micrographs show that in the presence of motor neurons, filament directionality, banding patterns, z-disc continuity, and the appearance of presumptive SSR and T-tubule profiles all improve in healthy, DMD-, and iPSC-derived muscle tissue. Further work to identify the underlying defects of DMD tissue disorganization and the mechanisms by which motor neurons support muscle are likely to yield potential new therapeutic approaches for treating patients suffering from Duchenne muscular dystrophy.
Component stability in low-space massively parallel computation
Authors: Czumaj Artur , Davies-Peck Peter , Parter Merav 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we study the power and limitations of component-stable algorithms in the low-space model of massively parallel computation (). Recently Ghaffari, Kuhn and Uitto (FOCS 2019) introduced the class of component-stable low-space algorithms, which are, informally, those algorithms for which the outputs reported by the nodes in different connected components are required to be independent. This very natural notion was introduced to capture most (if not all) of the known efficient algorithms to date, and it was the first general class of algorithms for which one can show non-trivial conditional lower bounds. In this paper we enhance the framework of component-stable algorithms and investigate its effect on the complexity of randomized and deterministic low-space . Our key contributions include: 1. We revise and formalize the lifting approach of Ghaffari, Kuhn and Uitto. This requires a very delicate amendment of the notion of component stability, which allows us to fill in gaps in the earlier arguments. 2. We also extend the framework to obtain conditional lower bounds for deterministic algorithms and fine-grained lower bounds that depend on the maximum degree $$\Delta $$
Δ
. 3. We demonstrate a collection of natural graph problems for which deterministic component-unstable algorithms break the conditional lower bound obtained for component-stable algorithms. This implies that, in the context of deterministic algorithms, component-stable algorithms are conditionally weaker than the component-unstable ones. 4. We also show that the restriction to component-stable algorithms has an impact in the randomized setting. We present a natural problem which can be solved in O(1) rounds by a component-unstable algorithm, but requires $$\Omega (\log \log ^* n)$$

Ω
(
log

log
∗

n
)

rounds for any component-stable algorithm, conditioned on the connectivity conjecture. Altogether our results imply that component-stability might limit the computational power of the low-space model, at least in certain contexts, paving the way for improved upper bounds that escape the conditional lower bound setting of Ghaffari, Kuhn, and Uitto.
Laparoscopic appendectomy with single port vs conventional access: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials
Authors: Cirocchi Roberto , Cianci Maria Chiara , Amato Lavinia , Properzi Luca , Buononato Massimo , Di Rienzo Vanessa Manganelli , Tebala Giovanni Domenico , Avenia Stefano , Iandoli Ruggero , Santoro Alberto , Vettoretto Nereo , Coletta Riccardo , Morabito Antonino 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
Conventional three-access laparoscopic appendectomy (CLA) is currently the gold standard treatment, however, Single-Port Laparoscopic Appendectomy (SILA) has been proposed as an alternative. The aim of this systematic review/meta-analysis was to evaluate safety and efficacy of SILA compared with conventional approach.

Methods
Per PRISMA guidelines, we systematically reviewed randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing CLA vs SILA for acute appendicitis. The randomised Mantel–Haenszel method was used for the meta-analysis. Statistical data analysis was performed with the Review Manager software and the risk of bias was assessed with the Cochrane "Risk of Bias" assessment tool.

Results
Twenty-one studies (RCTs) were selected (2646 patients). The operative time was significantly longer in the SILA group (MD = 7,32), confirmed in both paediatric (MD = 9,80), (Q = 1,47) and adult subgroups (MD = 5,92), (Q = 55,85). Overall postoperative morbidity was higher in patients who underwent SILA, but the result was not statistically significant. In SILA group were assessed shorter hospital stays, fewer wound infections and higher conversion rate, but the results were not statistically significant. Meta-analysis was not performed about cosmetics of skin scars and postoperative pain because different scales were used in each study.

Conclusions
This analysis show that SILA, although associated with fewer postoperative wound infection, has a significantly longer operative time. Furthermore, the risk of postoperative general complications is still present. Further studies will be required to analyse outcomes related to postoperative pain and the cosmetics of the surgical scar.
Continuous improvement of quality of care in pediatric diabetes: the ISPED CARD clinical registry
Authors: Nicolucci Antonio , Graziano Giusi , Lombardo Fortunato , Rabbone Ivana , Rossi Maria Chiara , Vespasiani Giacomo , Zucchini Stefano , Bonfanti Riccardo ,   The ISPED CARD Study Group, Bracciolini G. P. , Cherubini V. , Bobbio A. , Zucchini S. , Suprani T. , Donno V. , Lombardo F. , Bonfanti R. , Franzese A. , Rabbone I. , Graziani V. , Zampolli M. , Rutigliano I. , deSanctis L. , Guerraggio L. P. , Franceschi R. , Tornese G. , ranco F. F , Maffeis C. , Arnaldi C. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Aim
In Italy, the ISPED CARD initiative was launched to measure and improve quality of care in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes.

Methods
Process and outcome indicators and the related information derived from electronic medical records were identified. A network of pediatric diabetes centers was created on a voluntary basis.

Results
Overall, 20 centers provided data on 3284 patients aged <  = 18 years. HbA1c was monitored ≥ 2/year in 81.2% of the cases. BMI was monitored ≥ 1/year in 99.0%, lipid profile in 45.3%, and blood pressure in 91.7%. Pubertal status, albuminuria, eye examination, and screening of celiac disease and thyroiditis were underreported. From 2017 to 2021, average HbA1c levels decreased from 7.8 ± 1.2 to 7.6 ± 1.3%, while patients with LDL cholesterol > 100 mg/dl increased from 18.9 to 36.7%. Prevalence of patients with elevated blood pressure and BMI/SDS values also increased. In 2021, 44.7% of patients were treated with the newest basal insulins, while use of regular human insulin had dropped to 7.7%. Use of insulin pump remained stable (37.9%).

Conclusions
This report documents the feasibility of the ISPED CARD initiative and shows lights and shadows in the care provided. Improving care, increasing number of centers, and ameliorating data recording represent future challenges.
Impact of root canal preparation using two single-file systems on the intra-radicular microbiome of teeth with primary apical periodontitis
Authors: Amaral Rodrigo Rodrigues , Love Robert M. , Braga Tiago , Souza Côrtes Maria I. , Rachid Caio T. C. C. , Rôças Isabela N. , Siqueira José F. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Objectives
This study aimed to describe the effects of two single-file systems on the diversity of the endodontic microbiome of teeth with primary asymptomatic apical periodontitis.

Materials and methods
The root canals from single-rooted teeth with apical periodontitis were prepared using either the Reciproc Blue (RB) or the XP-endo Shaper (XPS) instrument system. The latter was followed by a supplementary step with the XP-endo Finisher (XPF) instrument. For irrigation, 5.25% sodium hypochlorite was used. Root canal samples were taken at the baseline (S1), after preparation (S2), and after the supplementary step (S3). DNA was extracted and subjected to high-throughput sequencing using the MiSeq Illumina platform.

Results
Samples from 10 teeth from the RB and 7 from the XPS group were subjected to DNA sequencing. Initial samples differed significantly from post-preparation samples in bacterial diversity, with no significant difference when comparing the two instrument systems. The most dominant phyla in S2 were Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Fusobacteria, and Actinobacteria. The same phyla were found to dominate baseline samples and samples taken after using XPF, but with differences in the ranking of the most dominant ones. At the genus level, the most dominant genera identified after RB instrumentation were Bacteroidaceae [G-1], Fusobacterium, and Staphylococcus, while the most dominant genera after XPS instrumentation were Fusobacterium and Porphyromonas. These genera were also dominant in the initial samples.

Conclusions
Both treatment protocols had measurable effects on the root canal microbial diversity, with no significant differences between them. Most of the dominant taxa involved in the primary infection and probably in the aetiology of apical periodontitis were eliminated or substantially reduced.

Clinical relevance
The most dominant taxa that persisted after instrumentation were Fusobacterium, Porphyromonas, Staphylococcus, and Bacteroidaceae [G-1].