bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Suicide attempt and basic mechanisms in neural conduction: Relationships to the SCN8A and VAMP4 genes
Authors: Wasserman D. , Geijer T. , Rozanov V. , Wasserman J. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractFamily and twin studies show that genetic variation influences suicidal behavior, but do not indicate specific genes. We investigated the relationship between genetic variation and suicide attempt by screening 250 genetic markers using transmission disequilibrium test (TDT) analysis. Analysis of 77 triplets (suicide attempters and both their parents), indicated that gene‐variants in, or adjacent to, the sodium channel, voltage gated, type VIII, alpha polypeptide (SCN8A) (P = 0.008), vesicle‐associated membrane protein 4 (VAMP4) (P = 0.004), and prenylated Rab acceptor 1 (RABAC1) (P = 0.006) genes are over‐transmitted in suicide attempt. Replication in a separate sample, consisting of 190 triplets, confirmed the exploratory data for the SCN8A (P = 0.005) and VAMP4 (P = 0.019) genes, but failed to confirm the data for the RABAC1 gene. Our results indicate that genetic variation in the SCN8A and VAMP4 genes may contribute to risk for suicide attempt, possibly through alterations in neural conduction. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Serotonin transporter promoter polymorphism and monoamine oxidase type A VNTR allelic variants together influence alcohol binge drinking risk in young women
Authors: Herman Aryeh I. , Kaiss Kristi M. , Ma Rui , Philbeck John W. , Hasan Asfar , Dasti Humza , DePetrillo Paolo B. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe short allelic variant of the serotonin transporter protein promoter polymorphism (5HTTLPR) appears to influence binge drinking in college students. Both monoamine oxidase type A (MAOA) and the serotonin transporter protein are involved in the processing of serotonin, and allelic variants are both associated with differences in the efficiency of expression. We hypothesized that a significant gene × gene interaction would further stratify the risk of binge drinking in this population. Participants were college students (n = 412) who completed the College Alcohol Study, used to measure binge drinking behaviors. Genomic DNA was extracted from saliva for PCR based genotyping. The risk function for binge drinking was modeled using logistic regression, with final model fit P < 0.0005. This model was valid only for Caucasian females (n = 223), but the power to detect sex and ethnic effects was small. Young Caucasian women carrying higher expression MAOA VNTR alleles homozygous for the short allelic variant of the 5HTTLPR demonstrated the highest rate of binge drinking by self‐report, odds ratio (genotype odds: population odds) and 95% confidence intervals, 3.11 (1.14–18.10). Individuals carrying higher expression MAOA VNTR alleles carrying at least one long 5HTTLPR allelic variant had the lowest risk of binge drinking 0.46 (0.28–0.71). These results support the hypothesis that binge drinking behavior in young adulthood may be influenced by neurobiological differences in serotonergic function conferred by functional polymorphisms in genes involved in serotonin processing. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Exclusion of non‐synonymous SNPs and a polyglutamine tract in SMRT/N‐CoR2 as common deleterious mutation for bipolar disorder in the Sagnenay‐Lac‐St‐Jean population
Authors: Shink Eric , Harvey Mario , Tremblay Monique , Raymond Catherine , Labbé Michel , Gagné Bernard , Barden Nicholas 
Published: January 2005

AbstractBipolar disorder (BP) is a psychiatric illness with both genetic and environmental components occurring with a prevalence of slightly more than 1%. Our previous linkage and case/control studies have pointed to a susceptibility locus for BP in the 12q24.31 chromosomal region. Here, we investigated the possible involvement of the SMRT/N‐CoR2 gene, which encodes for the nuclear receptor co‐repressor 2. SMRT/N‐CoR2 was retained as a candidate gene for BP because of its location within our candidate gene region and its interactions with thyroid hormone receptors. We screened SMRT/N‐CoR2 for the presence of polymorphism/mutation in coding sequences and exon–intron junctions. Four non‐synonymous SNPs and a polyglutamine tract (CAG repeat) in the coding exon 14 were analyzed in a case/control sample from the Saguenay‐Lac‐St‐Jean (SLSJ) area of Quebec (213 cases and 214 controls). Our data indicated no significant allelic/genotypic association between any of the five mutations and bipolar phenotype when they were considered either individually or as haplotypes. Finally, the CAG repeat observed in SMRT/N‐CoR2 did not demonstrate allelic instability and consequently it is unlikely that this polymorphism could be involved in the anticipation phenomenon reported for BP. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
No association between 12 dopaminergic genes and schizophrenia in a large Dutch sample
Authors: Hoogendoorn Mechteld L.C. , Bakker Steven C. , Schnack Hugo G. , Selten Jean‐Paul C. , Otten Henny G. , Verduijn Willem , van der Heijden Frank M.M.A. , Pearson Peter L. , Kahn René S. , Sinke Richard J. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractIt has been suggested that genes involved in dopamine neurotransmission contribute to the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. However, reported associations of the disorder with genetic markers in dopaminergic genes have yielded inconsistent results. Possible explanations are differences in phenotyping, genetic heterogeneity, low marker informativity, and the use of small sample sizes. Here, we present a two‐stage analysis of 12 dopaminergic genes in a large sample of Dutch schizophrenic patients. To reduce genetic heterogeneity, only patients with at least three Caucasian grandparents of Dutch ancestry were ascertained. An efficient genotyping strategy was used, in which polymorphic microsatellite markers were first screened for association in DNA pools. Promising results were followed up by individual genotyping in an extended sample. The pooled samples consisted of 208 schizophrenic patients and 288 unmatched control individuals. For each of the genes, more than one microsatellite marker was selected where possible, either intragenic or close to the gene. After correcting for multiple testing, significantly different allele frequencies were detected for DRD5 marker D4S615. Subsequently, we individually genotyped this particular marker and another DRD5 marker, as well as a DRD3 marker that could not be analyzed using the pooling strategy. This was done in an extended sample of 282 schizophrenic patients and a control sample of 585 individuals. In this second stage of the study, we found no association between these three markers and schizophrenia. The results of our comprehensive analysis provide no evidence for association between schizophrenia and 12 dopaminergic genes in a large Dutch sample. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pleiotropic effect of the TPH A779C polymorphism on nicotine dependence and personality
Authors: Reuter M. , Hennig J. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractRecent studies from molecular genetics have suggested an association between the tryptophan hydroxylase 1 (TPH1) gene and nicotine addiction indicating a dysfunction of the serotonergic (5‐HT) system in smoking behavior. In a sample of 252 healthy subjects, a significant association between variations observed in nicotine dependence and the heterozygous AC‐genotype of the TPH A779C polymorphism could be demonstrated. Moreover, the heterozygous genotype was significantly associated with a personality trait of neurotic aggression (indirect hostility, negativism), as measured by the Buss–Durkee‐Hostility‐Inventory (BDHI). The positive heterosis effects with respect to nicotine addiction and personality support the idea that the TPH1 gene exerts pleiotropic effects. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Genetic variation in the brain derived neurotrophic factor gene in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Bodner Sara M. , Berrettini Wade , van Deerlin Vivianna , Bennett David A. , Wilson Robert S. , Trojanowski John Q. , Arnold Steven E. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractGenes known to contribute to the genetic predisposition to Alzheimer's disease (AD) are active in pathways of neurodegeneration but explain only a minority of the genetic contribution to AD. A protein of importance in cerebral neurodegeneration is the brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Variations in two single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the BDNF gene have previously been associated with AD, and one of these SNPs has also been associated with memory loss and affective disorders. We performed a case control study of three BDNF SNPs in 250 neuropathologically confirmed cases of AD and 194 unrelated controls. We did not find a significant association between the three BDNF SNPs studied and AD when evaluated individually or with haplotype analysis. Nor did BDNF genotype appear to affect the APOE ε4 association with AD. The three SNPs studied were closely linked (D′ = 0.99 across the region). We discuss possible reasons for our failure to confirm the previously reported associations. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Arsenobetaine and arsenocholine: Two marine arsenic compounds without embryotoxity
Authors: Irvin T Rick , Irgolic Kurt J 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe embryotoxicity of carboxymethyl(trimethyl)arsonium bromide [arsenobetaine,(CH3)3As+CH2COO−] and of 2‐hydroxyethyl(trimethyl)arsonium bromide [arsenobetaine, (CH3)3As+CH2CH2OHBr] was explored. Sprague‐Dawley rat embryos with intact yolk sacs were removed on day 11 of gestation and grown in a culture medium for 24 h in the presence and absence of rat liver (S‐9) homogenate. Solutions of arsenobetaine or arsenocholine in dimethyl sulfoxide [DMSO, (CH3)2SO] (0.03 cm3) were added to the media to achieve concentrations of 20 m̈g arsenic compound per cm3 of medium. After 24 h the circulation and heart beat were monitored (indicator of embryolethality); in addition the crown‐to‐rump lengths were measured and the neural structures (somites) and limb buds observed (indicator of embryotoxicity). No evidence for embryotoxicity or embryolethality was found in the absence or the presence of S‐9. These results indicate that arsenobetaine, the most common arsenic compound found in seafood at concentrations from several micrograms to several hundred micrograms arsenic per gram, lacks subacute and acute prenatal toxicity.
119Sn Mössbauer studies of bis[cysteinato(1−)‐S]‐ and bis[penicillaminato(1−)‐S]‐diorganotin(IV) species in the crystalline state and in frozen aqueous solution
Authors: Barbieri Renato , Silvestri Arturo , Huber Friedo 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe bonding and the configuration of the tin environment in the title compounds {R2Sn[SCH2CH(NH3+)COO−]2 and R2Sn[SC(CH3)2CH(NH3+)COO−]2, indicated in the following as R2Sn(cysH)2 and R2Sn(penH)2 respectively} has been investigated through the determination of the Mössbauer‐Zeeman spectra of Ph2Sn(cysH)2 and Ph2Sn(penH)2 in the solid state, and through conventional Mössbauer spectroscopy of Me2Sn(penH)2 in the solid state as well as of Me2Sn(cysH)2 and Me2Sn(penH)2 in aqueous solution (frozen). The treatment of the data by the pointcharge model approach suggested the general occurrence of a tetrahedral C2SnS2 core. In aqueous Hepes buffer, a tertiary amino nitrogen atom has been observed to coordinate tin in Me2Sn(cysH)2 and Me2Sn(penH)2, with formation of trigonal bipyramidal tin environments. The latter solutions undergo slow decomposition reactions at room temperature. From (Me2SnS)3 occurs, as well as formation of soluble complex species in the presence of glycylglycine; Me2Sn(penH)2 appears to undergo a slow desulfuration reaction.
Distribution and fate of tributyltin in the united states marine environment
Authors: Seligman Peter F , Grovhoug Joseph G , Valkirs Aldis O , Stang Peter M , Fransham Roy , Stallard Martha O , Davidson Bradley , Lee Richard F 
Published: January 2005

AbstractTributyltin (TBT) has been measured in water in 12 of 15 harbors studied during US Navy baseline surveys. The highest concentrations of TBT (some exceeding laboratory toxicity limits) have been found in yacht harbors and near vessel repair facilities. Many sites (75%) in harbors and estuaries had no detectable (<5 ng dm−3) TBT. TBT monitoring studies with increased detection limits (<1 ng dm−3) have documented a high degree of TBT variability associated with tide, season and intermittent point source discharges. Although yacht harbors were shown to be the principal TBT source in most regions, dry‐docks can be significant sources. Tributyltin degradation studies were conducted using unfiltered seawater from four geographic regions and incubated under natural conditions. Degradation half‐lives were always in the range of 4–19 days, providing evidence that TBT is not highly persistent in the water column at environmental concentrations. Preliminary degradation experiments suggest that TBT has a longer residence time in sediment with a half‐life of several months. Tributyltin is primarily in the dissolved form in unfiltered seawater, although the association with particulate fractions may increase in samples collected near yacht repair facilities, Partition coefficients for particulate TBT versus bulk water are frequently near 3000 and vary with the particulate concentration, salinity and presence of natural organics.
Environmental sources and sinks of alkyllead compounds
Authors: Harrison Roy M , Allen A G 
Published: January 2005

AbstractEvidence is presented in favour of a natural environmental alkylation process as a source of atmospheric vapour‐phase alkyllead. Several species of marine flora have been cultured under laboratory conditions with added doses of inorganic lead, and production of alkyllead, predominantly trimethyllead (Me3Pb+), has been measured. Atmospheric concentrations and ratios of alkyl and inorganic lead at urban, rural and remote sites suggest that differential decay and deposition processes for different species, together with an environmental alkylation source, may explain enhanced ratios of total alkyllead/total lead in maritime air masses.
Arsenic speciation in clams of British Columbia
Authors: Cullen William R , Dodd Matthew 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe water‐soluble arsenic compounds in five species of clams – Butter clam (Saxidomus giganteus), Horse clam (Schizothoerus nuttalli), Soft‐shelled clam (Mya arenaria), Native littleneck clam (Protothaca staminea), and Manila clam (Venerupis japonica) – are described. Varying amounts of arsenobetaine and tetramethylarsonium ion are the major arsenicals found in all species. Butter clams show the presence of a third compound which appears to be trimethylarsine oxide. Small amounts of as‐yet‐unidentified arsenicals can also be isolated.
Synthesis, storage, and transfer of [210Pb]‐(CH3)3PbCl across tomato fruit cuticle
Authors: Blais J S , Momplaisir G M , Marshall W D 
Published: January 2005

AbstractAn improved synthetic route to [210Pb]‐(CH3)3PbCl is described in which chelated 210Pb2+ is methylated to [210Pb]‐(CH3)4Pb with methylmagnesium bromide (CH3MgBr) in the presence of methyl iodide. Controlled oxidation of the product with anhydrous hydrochloric acid and purification of the crude product by reversed‐phase high‐pressure liquid chromotography (HPLC) resulted in [210Pb]‐(CH3)3PbCl in 71% radiochemical yield. Whereas storage of the purified product at −10 °C resulted in complete conversion to Pb2+ during one year, storage in 20% acetic acid at 4 °C resulted in less than 15% decomposition during six months. Periodic complexometric extractions to remove 210Pb radioactive daughters (210Bi, 100% β, Emax = 1.16 MeV; 210Po, 100% α, E = 5.305 MeV) from the storage solution did not alter the rate of decomposition. The rate of translocation of [210Pb]‐(CH3)3Pb+ across an isolated tomato cuticle was approximately twice the rate of transfer of inorganic lead(II) and was not influenced by the presence of increasing amounts of disodium ethylenediamine‐tetra‐acetate.
A study of methylation of inorganic tin by iodomethane in an aquatic environment with 13C carbon isotope tracer technique
Authors: Shugui Dai , Guolan Huang , Yong Cai 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe methylation of tin(II) [Sn(II)] by iodomethane (CH3I) under environmental conditions has been further demonstrated by a 13C carbon isotope tracer method. Methylation products are mainly monomethyltin, and very small amounts of dimethyltin. The reaction of Sn(II) and CH3I was investigated at pH 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and salinity (S) 8, 15, 22, 28, 35%; it has been found the reaction was affected by pH and salinity, the tin methylation activity being highest at about pH 6 and S = 28% . The methylation reaction is first‐order for both CH3I and Sn(II), and the rate equation has been obtained as follows:

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Näherungsformeln zur Bestimmung der Bodenpressungen von Turmfundamenten mit unterschiedlichen symmetrischen Querschnitten
Authors: Merz Klaus 
Published: January 2005

AbstractTürme und Maste für den Antennenbau, den Energietransport oder für Windenergieanlagen werden üblicherweise auf kreisrunden, quadratischen oder achteckigen Fundamenten gegründet.In diesem Beitrag werden aus den Gleichgewichtsbeziehungen zwischen einwirkenden Schnittgrößen und den für die jeweilige Fundamentgeometrie sich einstellenden Sohlspannungen Näherungsformeln sowohl zur Ermittlung der max. Spannung als auch zur Nullinienbestimmung hergeleitet. Weiter kann mit den vorgestellten Formeln auf einfache Weise bereits in der Entwurfsphase einer wirtschaftlichen Gestaltung Rechnung getragen bzw. eine Optimierung der Fundamentfläche erzielt werden.
Age and probabilistic reasoning: Biases in conjunctive, disjunctive and Bayesian judgements in early and late adulthood
Authors: Fisk John E. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractProbabilistic reasoning plays an essential part in many aspects of our daily routine and it has been argued that as we grow older, the need to make judgements under uncertainty becomes increasingly important. Two studies were conducted to establish whether the propensity to commit probabilistic reasoning errors increased with age. Young (aged 16–24), middle aged (25–54), and older persons (55 years and above) were included. Study 1 revealed systematic biases and errors across a range of judgement tasks. However, no evidence of any age effect in Bayesian inference, the incidence of the conjunction fallacy, or in the number of disjunction errors was found. The results obtained in Study 1 were replicated in Study 2, where the potential mediating role of working memory processes and intellectual capacity were explicitly assessed. While some aspects of probabilistic reasoning performance were correlated with measures of intelligence and working memory functioning among young adults, this was much less evident in older persons. The present findings are discussed in relation to the evolution of the dualistic heuristic–analytical system over the adult lifespan. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Predicting postoperative morbidity by clinical assessment
Authors: Markus P M , Martell J , Leister I , Horstmann O , Brinker J , Becker H 
Published: January 2005

Abstract

Background
The aim of this study was to determine the accuracy of prediction of the surgeon's ‘gut-feeling’ in estimating postoperative outcome.

Methods
A prospective series of 1077 consecutive patients undergoing major hepatobiliary or gastrointestinal surgery were studied. Patients having elective (n = 827) and emergency (n = 250) procedures were included. The surgeon predicted the development of postoperative complications immediately after completion of surgery on a scale from 0 to 100 per cent. These predictions were compared with the actual outcome and with predictions made using the Physiological and Operative Severity Score for the enUmeration of Mortality and morbidity (POSSUM). The Portsmouth predictor equation (P-POSSUM) was applied for the estimation of mortality.

Results
The observed morbidity and mortality rates were 29·5 and 3·4 per cent respectively. POSSUM predicted a morbidity rate of 46·4 per cent and P-POSSUM a mortality rate of 6·9 per cent. The surgeon's gut-feeling was more accurate in the prediction of morbidity at 32·1 per cent. On the basis of gut-feeling, surgeons overpredicted morbidity in elective surgery, but underestimated the risk of complications in the emergency setting. The (P)-POSSUM scoring system overpredicted morbidity and mortality for elective and emergency operations.

Conclusion
The surgeon's gut-feeling is a good predictor of postoperative outcome, especially after elective surgery. (P)-POSSUM overpredicted morbidity and mortality in this series of major gastrointestinal and hepatobiliary operations.
Gastrectomy with extended lymphadenectomy for primary treatment of gastric cancer
Authors: McCulloch P , Niita M Eidi , Kazi H , Gama-Rodrigues J J 
Published: January 2005

AbstractBackgroundThe appropriate extent of lymph node clearance during gastrectomy for cancer remains controversial.MethodsMedline, Embase, the Cochrane register and other databases were searched for studies reporting node dissection technique, 5 year survival and mortality after gastrectomy. Comparisons with systematic bias in treatment allocation and patients who received perioperative chemotherapy were excluded. Meta-analysis was performed separately for randomized and non-randomized comparisons.ResultsTwo randomized and two non-randomized comparisons of limited (D1) versus extended (D2) node dissection and 11 reports of one dissection type were analysed. For D2 the randomised trials showed no overall survival benefit (Risk ratio (RR) = 0·95, 95 per cent c.i. 0·83–1·09) and an increased postoperative mortality (RR = 2·23, c.i. 1·45–3·45), apparently related to pancreatico-splenectomy and surgical inexperience. A trend towards survival benefit for D2 was observed for T3+ tumours (RR = 0·68, c.i. 0·42–1·10). Non-randomized comparisons found no survival benefit for D2 (RR = 0·92, c.i. 0·83–1·02), but decreased postoperative mortality (RR = 0·65, c.i. 0·45–0·93). Nine observational studies of D2 reported better results than two studies of D1 surgery, but in very different settings.ConclusionsEvidence for D2 dissection is inconclusive. No overall survival advantage has emerged, but some patients with intermediate stage disease may benefit. Excess operative mortality appears to be associated with pancreatico-splenectomy, low case volume and lack of specialist training.
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer
Authors: Charfare H , Limongelli S , Purushotham A D 
Published: January 2005

Abstract

Background
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer was originally used in locally advanced inoperable disease in order to achieve surgical resection. It was then extended to operable breast cancer with a view to downstaging tumours to facilitate breast-conserving surgery. Increasingly, it is being considered as a treatment for earlier-stage disease.

Methods
A Medline literature search was performed to identify articles relating to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer published in the English language between 1960 and 2004. Secondary references were obtained from key articles. Search words included ‘neoadjuvant chemotherapy’, ‘breast cancer’, ‘tumour biology’, ‘tumour markers’ and ‘sentinel lymph node biopsy’.

Results
Long-term results from randomized studies have shown no difference in disease-free or overall survival between neoadjuvant and adjuvant chemotherapy. The main benefit of neoadjuvant chemotherapy is its ability to downstage large tumours with a view to treatment by breast-conserving surgery, although there is a non-significant increase in the local recurrence rate. Initial results of neoadjuvant chemotherapy trials using newer agents such as taxanes have demonstrated a greater pathological complete response. Whether this will translate into better long-term survival remains to be seen.