bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Subgingival debridement of root surfaces with a micro‐brush: macroscopic and ultrastructural assessment
Authors: Carey Helen M. , Daly Christopher G. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractAim: The aim of this study was to assess the use of a micro‐brush to remove plaque deposits from subgingival, periodontally involved root surfaces in vivo.Methods: 30 periodontally involved teeth requiring extraction for periodontal or prosthetic reasons in 26 adult patients were utilised. For inclusion, teeth had to display at least 30% bone loss radiographically. Following the establishment of local anaesthesia, grooves were cut on the proximal root surface adjacent to the gingival margin at the line angles. For each tooth, 1 proximal root surface was rubbed with the micro‐brush for 2 min to the depth of the pocket whilst the other root surface acted as an undebrided control. The teeth were then extracted, rinsed in 0.85% NaCl, stained with 2% erythrosine solution and photographed. The amount of erythrosine staining on each subgingival, periodontally involved root surface was assessed by tracing the areas of stain on a colour photograph and scanning the tracings into a computerised image tracing program.Results: Results were expressed as the % of the periodontally involved root‐surface area that exhibited staining. Stained areas were further examined with the scanning electron microscope (SEM). The undebrided root surfaces each displayed 100% staining. The debrided surfaces (with probing pocket depths of 4–10 mm) displayed mean staining of 16.1% (SD ±7.1%) of the proximal surface area. SEM assessment showed that undebrided root surfaces were covered with thick deposits of bacteria. On debrided surfaces, stain‐free areas were free of plaque whilst areas of faint staining exhibited either no plaque, calculus deposits or scanty, isolated islands of bacteria. Bacteria had been partially removed from the surface of calculus in some areas.Conclusions: The findings indicate that subgingival debridement with a micro‐brush is effective in removing plaque deposits from periodontally involved root surfaces.
Prostaglandin E2 concentrations in gingival crevicular fluid: observations in untreated chronic periodontitis
Authors: Preshaw Philip M. , Heasman Peter A. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractObjectives: We set out to monitor gingival crevicular fluid prostaglandin E2 (GCF‐PGE2) concentrations longitudinally in a cohort of subjects with chronic periodontitis, given that we had noted an unexplained trend for GCF‐PGE2 concentrations to gradually increase in control groups and placebo populations in previously published clinical trials.Material and Methods: 41 adults with moderate‐severe chronic periodontitis were recruited. GCF samples were collected from 8 test sites (with 5–8 mm probing depths and attachment loss) every 30 days for 150 days, and assayed for PGE2. Clinical measurements (probing depths, attachment levels, bleeding on probing) were recorded at days 0 and 150.Results: A gradual and statistically significant increase in GCF‐PGE2 concentrations was observed over the course of the study, from 40.3 ng/ml to 83.1 ng/ml (p<0.001). When data were expressed as absolute PGE2 content, a similar statistically significant increase from baseline to day 150 was observed (p<0.001). GCF volumes did not vary significantly during the study (p>0.05). Over the same time period, no statistically significant changes in clinical parameters were recorded, with the exception of mean probing depths, which decreased slightly from 5.73 mm to 5.51 mm (p<0.05).Conclusion: A trend for gradually increasing GCF‐PGE2 concentrations in the absence of any clinical signs of disease progression was noted in a group of patients monitored longitudinally. We suggest that this phenomenon is to be expected in longitudinal clinical trials, and propose a new model for the role of PGE2 in the pathogenesis of periodontal destruction. We feel that if GCF mediators are to be monitored in clinical studies, then both concentrations and absolute mediator content should be calculated, and a standardised sampling protocol should be employed.
How do data from deepest pocket per quadrant relate to full‐mouth scores?
Authors: Timmerman M. F. , Van der Weijden G. A. , Hart A. A. M. , Abbas F. , Winkel E. G. , Van der Velden U. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBackground: When the subgingival presence of periodontal pathogens is studied in groups of patients or populations, mostly a number of the deepest sites is sampled. The mean clinical parameters of these deep sites are also frequently used as a the descriptor of the clinical situation of these subjects. It can be questioned, whether these 4 deep sites are capable of predicting a full‐mouth situation.Aim: The purpose of the present retrospective study was to investigate to what extent the experienced progression of periodontitis as measured in the deepest approximal pocket in each quadrant reflects the disease progression at the approximal sites on a full‐mouth level.Methods: A data set of a 7‐year longitudinal study of 158 young subjects (69 male, 89 female, 15–25 years of age at baseline) was used. Clinical assessments included plaque index (PI), pocket depth (PD) and attachment loss (AL) at baseline (1987) and follow‐up (1994). Measurements were made at the approximal surfaces of all teeth. The deepest pocket in each quadrant was determined at follow‐up. Changes of the clinical parameters between baseline and follow‐up were calculated both as full‐mouth mean scores as well as for these 4 deepest sites. A regression analysis was used to evaluate the relationship between full‐mouth score and the 4 test sites.Results: For disease progression between baseline and follow‐up, significant correlation coefficients were observed between the 4‐site and full‐mouth mean changes (PD: 0.80, AL: 0.70, PI: 0.77). Regression coefficients were 0.51 for PD, 0.35 for AL and 0.55 for PI. The precision of the estimate for the full‐mouth mean, as predicted by the 4‐site mean, is determined by the residual standard deviation. This was for PD 0.31 mm, for AL 0.31 mm and for PI 0.29. Compared to the between‐patient standard deviation of the full‐mouth means, the residual standard deviations were high.Conclusion: In the present population, a reasonable to good correlation between full‐mouth and 4‐sites data was observed. However, the high residual standard deviation in the regression analysis illustrates the inaccuracy for the 4‐sites data when used as a descriptive for changes in the periodontal condition on a full‐mouth level. Data evaluating progression of periodontitis based on a limited number of diseased sites should be interpreted cautiously.
Randomised controlled trials and publication trends in periodontal research during 1980–2000
Authors: Sjögren P. , Halling A. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractObjectives:  To study publication trends, as well as the number and proportion of randomised controlled trials covering different areas of periodontal research (RCT‐Ps).Material and methods:  The study was based on Medline searches (MeSH terms) for the period 1980– 2000. The RCT‐Ps (n = 675) were examined for relevance for different areas of periodontal research, journals of publication, and the countries of origin.Results:  In periodontal research the annual number of publications had increased from 162 in 1980 to 440 in 2000. Moreover, clinical trials in periodontal research (CT‐Ps) had increased more than 10‐fold, and RCT‐Ps more than 15‐fold. More than 4 out of 10 RCT‐Ps covered the areas ‘periodontal surgery’ and ‘gingivitis and plaque treatment or prevention’. More than 6 out of 10 RCT‐Ps in total and more than 8 out of 10 RCT‐Ps about ‘periodontal surgery’, were published in two different journals. U.S.A was the most common country of origin of RCT‐Ps, contributing to almost 4 out of 10 RCT‐Ps during 1988– 2000.Conclusion:  The annual number of RCT‐Ps increased substantially during 1980–2000, and a few clinical research areas predominated. Future research should give priority to areas where clinical evidence is scarce and where high‐quality RCT‐Ps are most needed.
In vitro calibration and validation of a digital subtraction radiography system using scanned images
Authors: Woo B. M. S. , Zee K.‐Y. , Chan F. H. Y. , Corbet E. F. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractObjectives: To calibrate and validate a digital subtraction radiography system using scanned images for quantification of alveolar bone changes by means of computer‐assisted densitometric image analysis (CADIA) in vitro.Materials and Methods: Noise levels were determined using 10 standardized periapical radiographs of the same lower molar region in a human dry skull. For validation of the system, radiographs were taken before and after bovine bone particles in measures with increments of 2 mg weighing from 2 to 20 mg were added into each socket of three dry skulls. Radiographs were developed and scanned into a computer with a flatbed scanner. After digitization, the images were subjected to alignment, normalization and subtraction. Appropriate regions of interest (ROIs) were selected and their CADIA values were calculated for the determination of noise levels, and correlations between the CADIA values and the actual bone mass were performed.Results: When the threshold value was 7, the percentage of pixels deviating from the set threshold value was small (0–11.3%). There were statistically significant correlations between the actual bone mass and the CADIA value for anterior sockets (p<0.001, r2=0.89) and posterior sockets (p<0.001, r2=0.9). For pooled data of both anterior and posterior sockets, the correlation was also statistically significant (p<0.001, r2=0.88).Conclusions: A high and statistically significant correlation between the actual bone mass and CADIA value was obtained, which suggests that the system could be suitable for the detection of small alveolar bone changes.
Disparities in dental service utilization among Alabama Medicaid children
Authors: Dasanayake Ananda P. , Li Yufeng , Wadhawan Sangeetha , Kirk Katharine , Bronstein Janet , Childers Noel K. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractObjectives: Access to oral health care and utilization of available services are important factors in minimizing the oral health disparities among underserved minorities. Our objective was to evaluate the racial and other factors related to ‘realized access’ to oral health care among Alabama Medicaid children.Methods: Data were obtained from 308 538 Alabama Medicaid claims submitted in 1995–96 and analyzed using regression analyses.Results: A lower proportion of Blacks (24%) and other racial groups (22%) compared to Whites (31%) and a lower proportion of 15–19‐year‐olds (15%) compared to younger age groups (30%) obtained dental services (P < 0.05). Odds of males obtaining care were slightly lower compared to females (OR = 0.96; 95% CI = 0.94–0.99). However, there was a significant interaction of race with other factors in determining service utilization. Subjects who were continuously eligible for Medicaid throughout the fiscal year were more likely to obtain care (OR = 2.86; 95% CI = 2.78–2.93). About one‐fourth of the visits had an emergency procedure included in the treatment rendered. Availability of a participating dentist within the county of residence and the lower reimbursement‐to‐charge ratio were among the other related factors for underutilization of services.Conclusions: There is a significant racial disparity in utilization of dental services even among the Medicaid‐eligible children. However, this was not a simple function of race, but a complex interaction of race with other factors such as age, gender, and location.Acknowledgment: Supported by CDC grant #U48/CCU 409679.
Follow‐up study of dental students' esthetic perceptions of mild dental fluorosis
Authors: Levy Steven M. , Warren John J. , Jakobsen Jane R. 
Published: March 2003

Abstract Objectives: Several studies have assessed people's esthetic perceptions of dental fluorosis, suggesting that concerns may be greater than believed previously. Few studies have assessed dental students' perceptions and none has done so over time. The purpose of this paper is to report on changes in dental students' esthetic perceptions of dental fluorosis and other conditions. Methods: Fourth‐year dental students (n=45) completed questionnaires about computer‐generated photographs of fluorosis and other conditions, using the same protocol as when they were entering dental students. Results were compared for each of the eight images at the individual level using paired statistical tests. Results: Although many patterns were generally consistent, there were a substantial number of differences in results over time, concerning both the mild fluorosis and non‐fluorosis images. In general, students tended to score both fluorosis and non‐fluorosis images more favorably as fourth‐year students. When rating images from very pleased (1) to very embarrassed (10), fourth‐year students rated the images significantly more favorably than they had done as first‐year students for normal/control, incisal third only dental fluorosis, and a more generalized, mild fluorosis. Similarly, with a visual analog scale from satisfactory (0) to unsatisfactory (69), fourth‐year students reported significantly lower (more favorable) scores than they had done as first‐year students for the normal/control, diastema/no fluorosis, more involved mild fluorosis, and incisal third only mild fluorosis. There were no obvious changes in the relative levels of favorable evaluation of fluorosis vs. the other conditions. Conclusions: Fourth‐year dental students generally had more favorable esthetic perceptions of mild dental fluorosis and other conditions than they had reported as entering students.
A longitudinal study of occlusal caries among schoolchildren in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
Authors: Rugarabamu Paschalis Gerald Ntome , Poulsen Sven , Masalu Joyce Rose Paul 
Published: March 2003

Abstract Objectives: To describe the clinical caries status and the radiographic progression of occlusal caries lesions in permanent first and second molars among primary schoolchildren in Dar es Salaam over a 3‐year period. Methods: Clinical and radiographic diagnosis of caries in first and second permanent molars in 223 children aged 8–16 years were carried out annually from 1994 to 1997. The drop‐out rates from the baseline in 1994 to the follow‐up examinations in 1995, 1996 and 1997 were 16.6%, 22.0% and 35.4%, respectively. Twenty‐one percent of the dropouts were picked up during the study. Results: Less that 5% of all occlusal surfaces that were sound at the beginning of the study developed new clinical caries lesions over the 3‐year study period. The highest rate of new lesions was found in second molars. The mandibular second molars were most frequently affected by new caries lesions followed by the mandibular first molars. Progression of lesions was generally slow. After 1, 2 and 3 years, 30.0%, 47.9% and 52.8% of lesions in occlusal surfaces of first molars had progressed, compared to 47.9%, 71.3% and 100.0% of lesions in second molars. Conclusions: Dental caries prevalence was low. New occlusal lesions were more likely to appear in mandibular second molars. Carious lesions were progressing slowly, especially in the first molars. Fissure abrasion may play a role in minimizing the risk of developing new occlusal lesions as well as progression of existing lesions.
Unusual second malignancies following radiation therapy: subcutaneous pleomorphic rhabdomyosarcoma and cutaneous melanoma. Two case reports
Authors: Miracco Clelia , Materno Maria , De Santi Maria Margherita , Pirtoli Luigi , Ninfo Vito 
Published: March 2003

Background: Among nonepithelial second neoplasms which are known to be induced by irradiation, rhabdomyosarcomas are extremely rare, and melanomas are infrequent. We report a high‐grade sarcoma with rhabdomyoblastic differentiation, which appeared 30 years after megavoltage irradiation for an endometrial adenocarcinoma, and a malignant melanoma which arose after 6 years in the irradiation field of a fibrosarcoma.Methods: Histology and immunohistochemistry were performed in both cases. In the first case, electron microscopy was also performed. In the second, the previous tumor was re‐evaluated.Results: The first case showed histological, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural features of a rhabdomyosarcoma. In the second case, a lentigoid malignant melanoma was histologically and immunohistochemically demonstrated, whereas the previously resected tumor was a fibrosarcoma negative to melanoma markers.Conclusions: Rare cases of rhabdomyosarcomas and melanomas are induced by irradiation, although in some cases other factors (i.e., genetic risk, chemotherapy) may have a prominent etiopathogenetic role in their development. A close follow‐up and a careful examination of the irradiated area should facilitate an early diagnosis of these aggressive postradiation second neoplasms.
Cutaneous carcinomas and preinvasive neoplastic lesions. Role of MMP‐2 and MMP‐9 metalloproteinases in neoplastic invasion and their relationship with proliferative activity and p53 expression
Authors: Verdolini Roberto , Amerio Paolo , Goteri Gaia , Bugatti Leonardo , Lucarini Guendalina , Mannello Bruno , Filosa Giorgio , Offidani Annamaria , Brancorsini Donatella , Biagini Graziella , Giangiacomi Mirella 
Published: March 2003

Background: Metalloproteinases (MMPs) are thought to be involved in the process of destruction of basement membranes and stromal invasion by neoplastic epithelial cells.Aims: In order to investigate the role of MMPs in cutaneous oncogenesis we studied the expression of MMP‐2 and MMP‐9 in 34 cases of epidermal preinvasive neoplastic lesions and invasive carcinomas. We also studied their relationship with the expression of tissue inhibitors of MMPs and with proliferative activity and p53 expression in neoplastic epithelial cells.Results: MMP‐9 was found to be focally expressed by neoplastic epithelial cells at the infiltrative edges in microinvasive carcinomas and in dyskeratotic foci in Bowen’s disease and widely invasive carcinomas. Gradation of Mib‐1 positivity and p53 expression was found with increasing abnormality in the spectrum of malignancy.Conclusions: Our results seem to suggest the involvement of MMPs in microinvasive carcinomas, which show also low proliferative activity and p53 expression, whether other factors seem to be more important in widely invasive carcinomas.
Utility of HHV8 RNA detection for differentiating Kaposi's sarcoma from its mimics
Authors: Nuovo Margaret , Nuovo Gerard 
Published: March 2003

Background: The diagnostic distinction of atypical vascular lesion or angiomatoid/hemosiderotic dermatofibroma and Kaposi's sarcoma can be difficult, especially in AIDS patients. Given the strong association between human herpes virus 8 (HHV8) and Kaposi's sarcoma, this study attempts to determine if HHV8 RNA detection by reverse transcription (RT) in situ polymerase chain reaction (PCR) could help in differentiating these entities.Methods: Twenty‐three Kaposi's sarcoma cases, 13 dermatofibromas, including 7 angiomatoid or hemosiderotic variants and eight atypical vascular lesions were tested for HHV8 by RT in situ PCR; five of the patients in the latter two groups were known to have AIDS.Results: HHV8 RNA was detected in each of the 23 cases considered on histologic grounds to represent Kaposi's sarcoma; viral RNA and DNA localized to the majority of the endothelial and stromal spindle cells. None of the cases of dermatofibroma were HHV8 positive, whereas two of the atypical vascular lesions were viral positive, leading to a final diagnosis of Kaposi's sarcoma.Conclusions: RT in situ PCR for HHV8 RNA is a useful tool in the differential diagnosis between Kaposi's sarcoma and its mimics.
A possible role of catenin dyslocalization in pemphigus vulgaris pathogenesis
Authors: Muzio Lorenzo Lo , Pannone Giuseppe , Staibano Stefania , Mignogna Michele Davide , Rubini Corrado , Ruocco Eleonora , De Rosa Gaetano , Sciubba James J. 
Published: March 2003

Background: Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is an autoimmune blistering disease of the skin and mucosa due to the presence of autoantibodies against the components of desmosomes. To date, less is known about the expression levels of β‐ and γ‐catenins in blistering diseases. The objective of this study was to evaluate the role of β‐ and γ‐catenins in the pathogenesis of acantholysis in pemphigus vulgaris.Methods: β‐ and γ‐catenin expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry in 30 cases of PV at various stages of the disease and, as controls, in 18 specimens of the skin/oral mucosa of healthy patients.Results: Healthy skin and normal oral mucosa showed a strong β‐ and γ‐catenin expression in basal and spinous layers with a prevalent cellular membrane distribution; the intensity of staining progressively decreased toward the superficial layers of epithelium. In PV patients, cytoplasmic expression of γ‐catenin was detected in 28/30 cases, and in 19/30 cases of PV for β‐catenin. Moreover, a progressive displacement of the signal toward the nucleus was found in 14/30 cases for β‐catenin, with dyslocalization toward the nucleus, particularly in areas with intense acantholysis, and in 22/30 cases of PV for γ‐catenin.Conclusions: Abnormal distribution of γ‐catenin, consequent to PV IgG, may be considered a direct consequence of Dg3 dissociation from catenin. γ‐catenin likely plays a direct role in PV pathogenesis through its dyslocalization toward the nucleus or indirectly through the β‐catenin dyslocalization toward the nucleus, which is thought to induce transcription of selected target genes, such as uPAR.
Intrauterine epidermal necrosis
Authors: Allee Julie E. , Saria Elizabeth A. , Rosenblum Dennis , Prose Neil S. , Prieto Victor G. , Shea Christopher R. 
Published: March 2003

Background: Epidermal necrosis in a neonate is an uncommon event with a variety of potential cases.Result: We report a case of intrauterine epidermal necrosis in a preterm infant, with death occurring soon after birth. The histopathology of the denuded skin revealed full‐thickness epidermal necrosis and calcification within both the epidermis and follicular structures.Conclusion: We believe this represents the fourth reported case of lethal intrauterine epidermal necrosis and follicular calcification.
Specific cutaneous infiltrates of B‐cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B‐CLL) at sites typical for Borrelia burgdorferi infection
Authors: Cerroni Lorenzo , Höfler Gerald , Bäck Barbara , Wolf Peter , Maier Gerlinde , Kerl Helmut 
Published: March 2003

Background: Cutaneous manifestations of B‐cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B‐CLL) comprise a wide spectrum of clinicopathologic presentations. In some cases, onset of skin lesions is triggered by antigenic stimulation, and specific skin infiltrates at sites of previous herpes simplex or herpes zoster infection have been well documented. Specific skin manifestations of B‐CLL can also be observed at sites typical for lymphadenosis benigna cutis (nipple, scrotum, earlobe), a Borrelia burgdorferi‐associated cutaneous B‐cell pseudolymphoma.Methods:  We studied specific skin manifestations of B‐CLL arising at sites typical for B. burgdorferi‐induced lymphadenosis benigna cutis, analyzing tissues for presence of B. burgdorferi DNA using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. Six patients with B‐CLL (M : F = 4 : 2; mean age: 67.8) presented with specific skin lesions located on the nipple (four cases) and scrotum (two cases).Results:  Clinically there were solitary erythematous plaques or nodules. Histology revealed in all cases a dense, monomorphous infiltrate of small lymphocytes showing an aberrant CD20+/CD43+ phenotype. In all cases monoclonality was demonstrated by PCR analysis of the JH gene rearrangement. PCR analysis showed in four of the six cases the presence of DNA sequences specific for B.burgdorferi.Conclusions:  Our study demonstrates that infection with B. burgdorferi can trigger the development of specific cutaneous infiltrates in patients with B‐CLL.