bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tumour origin, diagnostic accuracy and histopathological evaluation in patients with periampullary cancer: nationwide cohort study
Authors: Byrling Johannes , Ghazi Sam , Andersson Bodil 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background
The prevalence of different periampullary cancers (pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, distal cholangiocarcinoma, ampullary cancer and duodenal cancer) is heterogeneous in the literature. During the 2010s, a standardized histopathological protocol for pancreatoduodenectomy specimens based on axial slicing was adopted in Sweden. The present study sought to provide information about periampullary cancers with regard to tumour types in curative and noncurative settings, preoperative diagnostic accuracy and the impact of a standardized evaluation of the surgical specimen on diagnosis, R status and lymph node assessment.

Methods
Data from patients diagnosed with periampullary cancer from 2010 to 2019 were retrieved from the Swedish National Registry for Pancreatic and Periampullary Cancer.

Results
Among non-curative patients, 3704 (83.6 per cent) were diagnosed with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Among patients treated with pancreatoduodenectomy, diagnosis was pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma in 1380 (50.0 per cent), distal cholangiocarcinoma in 284 (10.3 per cent), ampullary cancer in 376 (13.6 per cent), duodenal cancer in 160 (5.8 per cent) and other diagnoses in 560 (20.3 per cent) patients. The preoperative diagnosis corresponded to the postoperative in 1177 (67.5 per cent) patients for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, 162 (37.4 per cent) patients for distal cholangiocarcinoma, 220 (61.3 per cent) patients for ampullary cancer and 120 (53.6 per cent) patients for duodenal cancer. A higher rate of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma was seen in surgical specimens who underwent standardized evaluation, from 56.8 per cent to 64.3 per cent (P = 0.003). After standardization, higher rates of R1 resection (31.7 per cent versus 44.6 per cent, P &lt; 0.001) and N1 stage (62.1 per cent versus 77.0 per cent, P &lt; 0.001) were found.

Conclusion
The proportion of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma was higher in patients in a non-curative setting compared with patients who underwent surgery. The rate of misdiagnosis for periampullary cancers was confirmed to be high. Thus, it should be taken into account when preoperative oncological treatment is considered. Standardized evaluation of the surgical specimen has increased pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, R1 and N1 rates.
Aqueous extracts of Ocimum gratissimum mitigate colitis and protect against AOM/DSS-induced colorectal cancer in mice
Authors: Liu Jer-Yuh , Tsai Fang-Ling , Chuang Ya-Ling , Ye Je-Chiuan 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In this study, we explored the in vivo effects of Ocimum gratissimum aqueous extracts (OGE) on colorectal cancer (CRC) development provoked by azoxymethane/dextran sodium sulfate (AOM/DSS). The results showed a significant reduction in the tumor load and tumor number for the OGEH group that received continued administration of OGE compared to the AOM/DSS group, with P values of &lt;0.01, but this was not observed in the OGEHs group that received separated administration of OGE. All groups except the control group exhibited aberrant crypt foci (ACF) and adenocarcinoma of lesion pathology in colon, and both conditions were significantly reduced in the OGEH group (P &lt; 0.01) as compared to the AOM/DSS group. Subsequent investigation into whether OGE exhibits eliminative effects on DSS-induced severe colitis (SC) in mice showed that the disease activity index score was significantly reduced in the OGE-treated groups (P &lt; 0.01), also colon colitis histological score was reversed. These data suggest that OGE may be potentially effective in preventing CRC when administered throughout the promotional stages of carcinogenesis by inhibiting inflammatory SC.
Policy-Based Remote User Authentication From Multi-Biometrics
Authors: Tian Yangguang , Li Yingjiu , Deng Robert H , Yang Guomin , Li Nan 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In this paper, we introduce the first generic framework of policy-based remote user authentication from multiple biometrics. The proposed framework allows an authorized user to remotely authenticate herself to an authentication server using her multiple biometrics, which enhances both the security and usability of user authentications. The authentication server approves a user’s authentication request if and only if the user’s multiple biometrics satisfies an authentication policy. In particular, the authentication policy can be dynamically updated to satisfy different security and usability requirements in practice. We implement an instantiation of the proposed framework and report its performance under various authentication policies.
Fisheries data management systems in the NW Mediterranean: from data collection to web visualization
Authors: Ribera-Altimir Jordi , Llorach-Tó Gerard , Sala-Coromina Joan , Company Joan B , Galimany Eve 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The European Union Data Collection Framework (DCF) states that scientific data-driven assessments are essential to achieve sustainable fisheries. To respond to the DCF call, this study introduces the information systems developed and used by Institut Català de Recerca per a la Governança del Mar (ICATMAR), the Catalan Institute of Research for the Governance of the Seas. The information systems include data from a biological monitoring, curation, processing, analysis, publication and web visualization for bottom trawl fisheries. Over the 4 years of collected data (2019–2022), the sampling program developed a dataset of over 1.1 million sampled individuals accounting for 24.6 tons of catch. The sampling data are ingested into a database through a data input website ensuring data management control and quality. The standardized metrics are automatically calculated and the data are published in the web visualizer, combined with fishing landings and Vessel Monitoring System (VMS) records. As the combination of remote sensing data with fisheries monitoring offers new approaches for ecosystem assessment, the collected fisheries data are also visualized in combination with georeferenced seabed habitats from the European Marine Observation and Data Network (EMODnet), climate and sea conditions from Copernicus Monitoring Environment Marine Service (CMEMS) on the web browser. Three public web-based products have been developed in the visualizer: geolocated bottom trawl samplings, biomass distribution per port or season and length-frequency charts per species. These information systems aim to fulfil the gaps in the scientific community, administration and civil society to access high-quality data for fisheries management, following the Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable (FAIR) principles, enabling scientific knowledge transfer.
Database URL https://icatmar.github.io/VISAP/(www.icatmar.cat)
Delivery of E. coli Nissle to the mouse gut by mucoadhesive microcontainers does not improve its competitive ability against strains linked to ulcerative colitis
Authors: Bondegaard Pi Westi , Torp Anders Meyer , Guerra Priscila , Kristensen Katja Ann , Christfort Juliane Fjelrad , Krogfelt Karen Angeliki , Nielsen Line Hagner , Zor Kinga , Boisen Anja , Mortensen Martin Steen , Bahl Martin Iain , Licht Tine Rask 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
For patients with ulcerative colitis (UC), administration of the probiotic E. coli Nissle (EcN) holds promise for alleviation of disease symptoms. The mechanisms are unclear, but it has been hypothesised that a capacity of the probiotic to outcompete potentially detrimental UC-associated E. coli strains plays an important role. However, this could previously not be confirmed in a mouse model of competition between EcN and two UC-associated strains, as reported by Petersen et al. 2011. In the present study, we re-evaluated the idea, hypothesising that delivery of EcN by a micro device dosing system (microcontainers), designed for delivery into the intestinal mucus, could support colonisation and confer a competition advantage compared to classical oral dosing. Six groups of mice were pre-colonised with one of two UC-associated E. coli strains followed by oral delivery of EcN, either in capsules containing microcontainers with freeze-dried EcN powder, capsules containing freeze-dried EcN powder, or as a fresh sucrose suspension. Co-colonisation between the probiotic and the disease-associated strains was observed regardless of dosing method, and no competition advantages linked to microcontainer delivery were identified within this setup. Other approaches are thus needed if the competitive capacity of EcN in the gut should be improved.
Continuous Medicaid coverage during the COVID-19 public health emergency reduced churning, but did not eliminate it
Authors: Nelson Daniel B , Goldman Anna L , Zhang Fang , Yu Hao 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Preserving insurance coverage in the wake of pandemic-related job loss was a priority in early 2020. To this end, the Families First Coronavirus Response Act implemented a continuous coverage policy in Medicaid to shore up access to health insurance. Prior to the pandemic, Medicaid enrollees experienced frequent coverage disruptions, known as “churning.” The effect of the continuous coverage policy on churning during the COVID-19 public health emergency (PHE) is unknown. We performed a difference-in-differences analysis of nonelderly Medicaid enrollees using longitudinal national survey data to compare a 2019–2020 cohort exposed to the policy with a control cohort in 2018–2019. We found that the policy led to reduced transitions to uninsurance among adults, although not among children. The policy prevented over 300 000 transitions to uninsurance each month. However, disenrollment from Medicaid persisted at a low rate, despite the continuous coverage policy. As the PHE unwinds, policymakers should consider long-term continuous coverage policies to minimize churning in Medicaid.
Pre-pandemic assessment: a decade of progress in electronic health record adoption among U.S. hospitals
Authors: Jiang John (Xuefeng) , Qi Kangkang , Bai Ge , Schulman Kevin 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
As the COVID-19 pandemic loomed, the adoption of electronic health records (EHRs) in US hospitals became a pivotal concern. This study provides a pre-pandemic assessment, highlighting a decade of progress in EHR adoption from 2009 to 2019, with the last available survey conducted from January to June of 2020. It delves into the current EHR adoption rates, variations across different hospital categories, the influence of major vendors, and the challenges in implementing these systems. The study found that basic EHR adoption surged from 6.6% to 81.2%, while comprehensive systems increased from 3.6% to 63.2%. Despite this growth, the findings point to enduring disparities among hospitals, a concentrated market share by 6 vendors (90%), and significant concerns regarding maintenance costs. These insights provide an invaluable snapshot of the state of EHR adoption at the brink of the pandemic, serving as a benchmark to assess hospitals’ readiness to utilize digital infrastructure in health care. The conclusions underscore the necessity for strategic policy interventions to encourage a competitive landscape and guarantee equitable access, ultimately strengthening the health care system's responsiveness to global health crises such as COVID-19.
Psychometric evaluation of the Persian version of the European Health Literacy Instrument (P-HLS-EU-Q47)
Authors: Gheshlagh Reza Ghanei , Mahmoodi Hassan , Pelikan Jürgen M , Afkhamzadeh Abdorrahim , Ebadi Abbas 
Published: October 2023

AbstractHealth literacy is one of the most critical determinants of health for effectively improving health services and reducing health inequalities. The importance of accurate measurement cannot be overstated. The European 47-item Health Literacy Questionnaire (HLS-EU-Q47) can provide precise measurements of health literacy. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the European Health Literacy Instrument in Iranian society (HLS-PV-Q47) for its Persian version. This cross-sectional study was conducted using a convenient sampling of 560 people referred to comprehensive healthcare centers. The construct validity was assessed by exploratory (280 people) and confirmatory factor (with 280 people). The internal consistency was calculated using Cronbach’s alpha coefficients. Based on the exploratory factor analysis, three factors of healthcare, disease prevention, and health promotion explained 48.9% of the total variance of health literacy. Cronbach’s alpha was 0.96 for the whole instrument. The Persian version of the European Health Literacy Instrument (P-HLS-EU-Q47) had good validity and reliability, which can be used in future studies due to its good psychometric properties.
In vitro susceptibility patterns for slowly growing non-tuberculous mycobacteria in the USA from 2018 to 2022
Authors: Calado Nogueira de Moura Vinicius , Nguyen Minh-Vu H , Hunkins Joshua J , Daley Charles L , Khare Reeti 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background
Treatment of slowly growing non-tuberculous mycobacteria (SGM) is challenging. In vitro antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) is needed to optimize a multidrug regimen but requires weeks to result. Aggregated AST patterns, or an antibiogram, of SGM would be helpful to providers.

Objectives
We aggregated and analysed human SGM isolates sent to our laboratory from across the USA between 2018 and 2022 to describe their in vitro susceptibility patterns and construct an antibiogram.

Methods
SGM isolates’ species/subspecies and mutations in rrs or rrl were identified by a line probe assay. AST was done primarily by broth microdilution and interpreted using the latest CLSI guideline. Mutational and AST results for SGM with ≥15 isolates were collated and analysed with descriptive statistics.

Results
There were 32 different species/subspecies of SGM from 10 131 isolates between January 2018 and December 2022 from across the USA, 80% of which were from organisms in Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC). Most specimens were sputum and came from Florida (2892). MAC ranged from 94% to 100% susceptible to clarithromycin, 64% to 91% to amikacin, 2% to 31% to linezolid, and 4% to 41% to moxifloxacin. Non-MAC SGM ranged from 82% to 100% susceptible to clarithromycin, 49% to 100% to amikacin, and 76% to 100% to rifabutin, but susceptibilities to other antimicrobials varied widely. WT rrs and rrl predicted &gt;96% of phenotypic non-resistance to amikacin and clarithromycin, respectively, whereas mutant genotypes predicted &gt;90% of phenotypic resistance.

Conclusions
Most SGM are likely to be susceptible to clarithromycin and amikacin, complementing their treatment guidance by mycobacterial experts. Molecular identification of resistant genotypes is accurate and helpful. This antibiogram for SGM will help providers.
Pharmacokinetic investigations of isavuconazole in paediatric cancer patients show reduced exposure of isavuconazole after opening capsules for administration via a nasogastric tube
Authors: Bury Didi , Wolfs Tom F W , ter Heine Rob , Muilwijk Eline W , van der Elst Kim C M , Tissing Wim J E , Brüggemann Roger J M 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Objectives
To study the isavuconazole pharmacokinetics in a real-life paediatric cohort and confirm whether the isavuconazole exposures are within the adult exposure range. Furthermore, we are the first to describe unbound isavuconazole pharmacokinetics.

Methods
In this prospective, observational study, the isavuconazole dosing regimen was as follows (IV/oral/nasogastric tube): 5.4 mg/kg isavuconazole (maximum 200 mg/dose) three times daily on Days 1 and 2, followed by 5.4 mg/kg isavuconazole (maximum 200 mg/dose) once daily. At least one pharmacokinetic curve was assessed. Non-linear mixed effects modelling was used for analysis. Monte Carlo simulations were performed with the above mentioned maintenance dose for IV administrations and a weight band dosing regimen for oral/nasogastric tube administrations: I) &lt;18 kg (100 mg daily); II) 18–37 kg (150 mg daily); III)&gt;37 kg (200 mg daily).

Results
Seventeen paediatric patients with a median age of 9 years (range 1–17) and median weight of 26.0 kg (range 8.4–78.5) were evaluated. A two-compartment model describing linear pharmacokinetics of the unbound concentrations and saturable protein binding fitted the isavuconazole concentrations best. The absolute bioavailability of isavuconazole was 41.0% (95% CI: 32.4%–50.8%). The median (IQR) simulated exposures (AUC0–24h, SS) of the total isavuconazole concentrations after IV and oral/nasogastric tube administration were 87.7 mg·h/L (70.5–105.1) and 50.3 mg·h/L (39.0–62.4), respectively. The unbound isavuconazole fraction (unbound/total) ranged from 0.5% to 2.3%.

Conclusions
This study revealed low bioavailability after nasogastric tube administration with opened capsules. Isavuconazole exposures were in the expected range following IV administration. Total and unbound isavuconazole pharmacokinetics were reported with a 5-fold range in the unbound fraction.
Analytical toxicology of the semi-synthetic cannabinoid hexahydrocannabinol studied in human samples, pooled human liver S9 fraction, rat samples and drug products using HPLC–HRMS-MS
Authors: Manier Sascha K , Valdiviezo Johannes Angert , Vollmer Aline C , Eckstein Niels , Meyer Markus R 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Hexahydrocannabinol (HHC) is an emerging semi-synthetic cannabinoid, which is obtained from cyclization of cannabidiol and subsequent hydrogenation. As a potentially legal alternative of ∆9-tetrahydrocannabinol (∆9-THC), it is increasingly seized in the USA and Europe. The aims of this study were to investigate the metabolism of HHC in pooled human liver S9 fraction (pHLS9), rat and human samples. Additionally, a locally obtained low-THC cannabis product was investigated, which was advertised with an elevated concentration of HHC. Overall, HHC formed an 11-hydroxy (HO) metabolite, as well as a carboxy metabolite. While only the parent compound was detected in rat urine and feces, the hydroxy metabolite was additionally detected in pHLS9 and human plasma. The carboxy metabolite was only detectable in human plasma. The metabolism corresponded well to that of ∆9-THC, although glucuronidation and the formation of an 8-HO metabolite were not observed. Detectability of HHC and its carboxy metabolite in rat urine was investigated using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, but neither the parent compound nor the metabolite were detectable. The investigated low-THC cannabis product appeared to be an actual cannabis product since, in addition to HHC, cannabinol, cannabidiol and ∆9-THC were detected after qualitative analysis. Estimation of its content revealed not only 30.6% of HHC but also 4% of ∆9-THC.
Self-inflicted Burns: The Experience of a UK Regional Burns Center
Authors: Amirize Ezekwe , Kankam Hadyn K N , Abdulsalam Abdulrazak , Choudhary Rajan , Walker Harriet , Moiemen Naiem 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Self-inflicted burns (SIBs) are preventable injuries that often occur due to suicidal intent or deliberate self-harm. The incidence of SIB and demographics vary across different countries. This study highlights our regional experience of SIB over almost 2 decades, assessing characteristics and outcomes. A retrospective chart review of all patients assessed at a UK regional burns center, presenting with SIB, from 2003 to 2021, was performed. Subgroup analyses based on gender, the presence or absence of pre-existing psychiatric disorders, and in-hospital patient mortality were undertaken. The relationship between annual mental health funding and the incidence of SIB was assessed. Over the study period, a total of 285 SIB cases, with a median age of 42.84 years, were presented to our center. The majority of patients were male (63.2%) and had a pre-existing psychiatric disorder (74.7%). Flame burns were the most frequent type of injury (82.1%) and the median total BSA (TBSA) was 10.25%. The average length of hospital stay was 10 days and the inpatient mortality rate was 20.7%, significantly greater than the mortality of the rest of the cohort (3.7%, P &lt; .01). SIB survivors were younger and had less severe burns, relative to non-survivors. There was no statistically significant correlation between the incidence of SIBs and mental health funding. SIBs account for a minority of referrals to our regional burns center. Adequately funded regional and national measures should be implemented to reduce the incidence and impact of these injuries, alongside appropriate mental health support.
Hard-to-Interpret Signals
Authors: Epstein Larry G , Halevy Yoram 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Decisions under uncertainty are often made with information whose interpretation is uncertain because multiple interpretations are possible. Individuals may perceive and handle uncertainty about interpretation differently and in ways that are not directly observable to a modeler. This paper identifies and experimentally examines behavior that can be interpreted as reflecting an individual’s attitude toward such uncertainty.
Metabolomics to understand metabolic regulation underpinning fruit ripening, development, and quality
Authors: Martínez-Rivas Félix Juan , Fernie Alisdair R 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Classically fruit ripening and development was studied using genetic approaches, with understanding of metabolic changes that occurred in concert largely focused on a handful of metabolites including sugars, organic acids, cell wall components, and phytohormones. The advent and widespread application of metabolomics has, however, led to far greater understanding of metabolic components that play a crucial role not only in this process but also in influencing the organoleptic and nutritive properties of the fruits. Here we review how the study of natural variation, mutants, transgenics, and gene-edited fruits has led to a considerable increase in our understanding of these aspects. We focus on fleshy fruits such as tomato but also review berries, receptacle fruits, and stone-bearing fruits. Finally, we offer a perspective as to how comparative analyses and machine learning will likely further improve our comprehension of the functional importance of various metabolites in the future.
Molecular evolution and interaction of 14-3-3 proteins with H+-ATPases in plant abiotic stresses
Authors: Jiang Wei , He Jing , Babla Mohammad , Wu Ting , Tong Tao , Riaz Adeel , Zeng Fanrong , Qin Yuan , Chen Guang , Deng Fenglin , Chen Zhong-Hua 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Environmental stresses severely affect plant growth and crop productivity. Regulated by 14-3-3 proteins (14-3-3s), H+-ATPases (AHAs) are important proton pumps that can induce diverse secondary transport via channels and co-transporters for the abiotic stress response of plants. Many studies demonstrated the roles of 14-3-3s and AHAs in coordinating the processes of plant growth, phytohormone signaling, and stress responses. However, the molecular evolution of 14-3-3s and AHAs has not been summarized in parallel with evolutionary insights across multiple plant species. Here, we comprehensively review the roles of 14-3-3s and AHAs in cell signaling to enhance plant responses to diverse environmental stresses. We analyzed the molecular evolution of key proteins and functional domains that are associated with 14-3-3s and AHAs in plant growth and hormone signaling. The results revealed evolution, duplication, contraction, and expansion of 14-3-3s and AHAs in green plants. We also discussed the stress-specific expression of those 14-3-3and AHA genes in a eudicotyledon (Arabidopsis thaliana), a monocotyledon (Hordeum vulgare), and a moss (Physcomitrium patens) under abiotic stresses. We propose that 14-3-3s and AHAs respond to abiotic stresses through many important targets and signaling components of phytohormones, which could be promising to improve plant tolerance to single or multiple environmental stresses.