bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The importance of self‐diagnosis and self‐evaluation for an EMS set‐up
Authors: Orecchini Fabio , Sabatini Debora , Cedola Luca 
Published: September 2002

AbstractEnvironmental management systems (EMSs) have been developed to improve environmental performance of organizations towards the diffusion of sustainability in industrial production. The ISO 14000 series of International Standards is the most important reference for eco‐management of any type of organization. The EMS implementation can be developed more fluently and with less effort (in terms of human resources and costs) and time by applying, before the Environmental Review, a ‘self‐diagnosis and self‐evaluation (SD&E)’. The ISO 14000 series, in fact, guides the organizations to start the system elaborating their Environmental Policy and Environmental Review.The case study described is the environmental SD&E carried out on a Valli Zabban S.p.A. industrial site. The chemical industry in question is the leader in Italy in the production of bitumen and bituminous membranes; it has already developed an advanced quality system (certified ISO 9001/94) and is now working with our environmental research group to reach the ISO 14000 certification.The most relevant convenience of introducing that step is that the company is ready, once it has completed the self‐evaluation, to start the implementation of its EMS with more awareness of the environmental situation in its various activities and to prepare a favourable ‘atmosphere’ and expectations company wide. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
Does momentary assessment detect binge eating in overweight women that is denied at interview?
Authors: Grange Daniel le , Gorin Amy , Catley Delwyn , Stone Arthur A. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractBinge eating is a common problem among overweight people and may complicate weight loss treatment. Addressing binge eating in treatment requires an understanding of the factors that trigger these episodes. Forty‐two women were selected from a community sample that expressed interest in the study. An Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) method was used that enabled participants to monitor their eating, feelings and behaviours for 14 days, using programmable wristwatches, at random times, before all eating episodes and just after binge eating episodes. Of these, 18 BED women and 17 women with no BED (NBED) were retained for the statistical analyses. The most important finding was that BED and NBED subjects reported similar levels of binge eating when studied in this way. Negative affect, restraint and lower levels of positive affect were noted as antecedents for binge eating in both BED and NBED participants. Stress and desire to binge, however, were higher for BED participants, compared to NBED participants, prior to normal eating and binge eating episodes. EMA was a valuable method to make assessments of binge eating behaviours in participants' natural environment. BED and NBED participants showed more similarities than differences in terms of the frequency of binge eating as well as binge antecedents. Both EMA as well as the similarities between BED and NBED participants may have implications for the diagnosis of BED. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
A fractionally integrated exponential model for UK unemployment
Authors: Gil‐Alana L.A. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractFractionally integrated models with the disturbances following a Bloomfield (1973) exponential spectral model are proposed in this article for modelling UK unemployment. This gives us a better understanding of the low‐frequency dynamics affecting the series without relying on any particular ARMA specification for its short‐run components which, in general, require many more parameters to estimate. The results indicate that this exponential model, confounded with fractional integration, may be a feasible way of modelling unemployment. It also shows that its order of integration is much higher than one and thus leads to the conclusion that the standard practice of taking first differences may lead to erroneous results. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Intraday Volatility in Interest‐Rate and Foreign‐Exchange Markets: ARCH, Announcement, and Seasonality Effects
Authors: Ederington Louis , Lee Jae Ha 
Published: September 2002

AbstractWe explore the determinants of intraday volatility in interest‐rate and foreign‐exchange markets, focusing on the importance and interaction of three types of information in predicting intraday volatility: (a) knowledge of recent past volatilities (i.e., ARCH or Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity effects); (b) prior knowledge of when major scheduled macroeconomic announcements, such as the employment report or Producer Price Index, will be released; and (c) knowledge of seasonality patterns. We find that all three information sets have significant incremental predictive power, but macroeconomic announcements are the most important determinants of periods of very high intraday volatility (particularly in the interest‐rate markets). We show that because the three information sets are not independent, it is necessary to simultaneously consider all three to accurately measure intraday volatility patterns. For instance, we find that most of the previously documented time‐of‐day and day‐of‐the‐week volatility patterns in these markets are due to the tendency for macroeconomic announcements to occur on particular days and at particular times. Indeed, the familiar U‐shape completely disappears in the foreign‐exchange market. We also find that estimates of ARCH effects are considerably altered when we account for announcement effects and return periodicity; specifically, estimates of volatility persistence are sharply reduced. Separately, our results show that high volatility persists longer after shocks due to unscheduled announcements than after equivalent shocks due to scheduled announcements, indicating that market participants digest information much more quickly if they are prepared to receive it. However, contrary to results from equity markets, we find no evidence of a meaningful difference in volatility persistence after positive or negative price shocks. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 21: 517–552, 2001
Localization of taurine transporters, taurine, and 3H taurine accumulation in the rat retina, pituitary, and brain
Authors: Pow David V. , Sullivan Robert , Reye Peter , Hermanussen Siobhan 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe nervous system contains an abundance of taurine, a neuroactive sulfonic acid. Antibodies were generated against two cloned high‐affinity taurine transporters, referred to in this study as TAUT‐1 and TAUT‐2. The distribution of such was compared with the distribution of taurine in the rat brain, pituitary, and retina. The cellular pattern of [3H] taurine uptake in brain slices, pituitary slices, and retinas was examined by autoradiography. TAUT‐2 was predominantly associated with glial cells, including the Bergmann glial cells of the cerebellum and astrocytes in brain areas such as hippocampus. Low‐level labeling for TAUT‐2 was also observed in some neurones such as CA1 pyramidal cells. TAUT‐1 distribution was more limited; in the posterior pituitary TAUT‐1 was associated with the pituicytes but was absent from glial cells in the intermediate and anterior lobes. Conversely, in the brain TAUT‐1 was associated with cerebellar Purkinje cells and, in the retina, with photoreceptors and bipolar cells. Our data suggest that intracellular taurine levels in glial cells and neurons may be regulated in part by specific high‐affinity taurine transporters. The heterogeneous distribution of taurine and its transporters in the brain does not reconcile well with the possibility that taurine acts solely as a ubiquitous osmolyte in nervous tissues. GLIA 37:153–168, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Neurons modulate oxytocin receptor expression in rat cultured astrocytes: Involvement of TGF‐β and membrane components
Authors: Mittaud Peggy , Labourdette Gérard , Zingg Hans , Guenot‐Di Scala Dominique 
Published: September 2002

AbstractWe examined the effect of neurons on oxytocin (OT) receptors (OTR) and OTR gene expression in cultured astrocytes. The addition of neuron‐conditioned medium induced an increase of both OTR binding and OTR mRNA level. This effect was enhanced after the medium was boiled or acidified. As it is known that transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β) can be released from carrier proteins by acid or heat, TGF‐β1 and 2 were tested and found to induce an increase of OTR binding. Furthermore, TGF‐β antibody abolished the stimulatory effect of normal or acidified neuron‐conditioned medium. Neurons added to cultured astrocytes without contact mimicked the stimulatory effect of the conditioned medium. In contrast, neurons added with contact, induced a decrease in OTR binding and an increase of mRNA level, whereas neuronal membranes induced a decrease of both OTR binding and mRNA levels. In conclusion, the present data demonstrate that in vitro, neurons are able to modulate astrocytic OTR expression at the level of both protein and mRNA. They stimulate this expression through their release of TGF‐β and inhibit it by the action of unknown membrane components. GLIA 37:169–177, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Clinically significant depressive symptoms and very mild to mild dementia of the Alzheimer type
Authors: Rubin Eugene H. , Veiel Lori L. , Kinscherf Dorothy A. , Morris John C. , Storandt Martha 
Published: September 2002

AbstractObjectiveTo compare depressive symptoms reported by persons with very mild or mild dementia of the Alzheimer type (DAT) with those reported for the person by a collateral source.DesignCross‐sectional evaluation.SettingWashington University Alzheimer's Disease Research Center.ParticipantsConsecutive series of elderly volunteers (n = 156) enrolled in longitudinal studies with a Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) of 0.5 (very mild) or 1 (mild). Twenty‐one per cent (n = 33) exhibited clinically significant depressive symptoms for which treatment was recommended.Main outcome measuresPresence and frequency of DSM‐IV depressive symptoms within the last year and last month reported by the participant or collateral source as ascertained by clinical examination and structured interviews.ResultsCollateral source information is essential in diagnosing clinically significant depressive symptoms. The Geriatric Depression Scale scores correlate with participant information only and therefore may substantially underestimate depression. Depressive symptoms fluctuate in individuals with DAT. The most consistent depressive symptoms are depressed mood, fatigue and indecision.ConclusionsClinically significant depressive symptoms may be common in individuals with very mild or mild DAT, although they may fluctuate. Information from both a knowledgeable collateral source and the participant is important for detection of depressive symptoms. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Longitudinal follow‐up of depressive symptoms among normal versus cognitively impaired elderly
Authors: Li Yan‐Sheng , Meyer John S. , Thornby John 
Published: September 2002

AbstractObjectivesThis prospectively designed longitudinal study assesses prevalence, incidence and prognosis of depressive symptoms among cognitively normal elderly volunteers compared with patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), dementia of Alzheimer type (DAT), and vascular dementia (VAD). Possible relationships between depressive symptoms, cognitive performance, disease types, and effects of antidepressant treatment were analyzed.MethodsTwo hundred and ninety four subjects exhibiting different levels of cognitive performance were admitted to this study. Demographics, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative risk factors, together with measures of neuropsychological test performance, were obtained at sequential visits. Depressive symptoms were selectively treated with antidepressant medications.ResultsOne hundred and forty six subjects with normal cognition, 19 subjects with MCI, 42 patients with DAT, and 32 patients with VAD were followed for a mean of 3.5 years. With the passage of time, there were trends showing prevalence of depressive symptoms to decrease among DAT and to increase among VAD patients. VAD patients exhibited the highest incidences of new‐onset depressive symptoms, followed in incidence by DAT and MCI groups. Depressive symptoms among VAD and MCI patients were more persistent and refractory to antidepressant medications than for DAT patients. Trends suggested that antidepressant treatment might benefit MCI and VAD subjects more than DAT patients. Motivationally related depressive symptoms accounted for major components of elevated Hamilton depression rating scale scores.ConclusionsDepressive symptoms among DAT patients have higher rates of spontaneous resolution, without requiring intensive drug treatment, than among VAD patients in whom depressive symptoms are more persistent and refractory to drug treatment. Early depressive symptoms among subjects with MCI may represent a preclinical sign and should be considered as a risk factor for impending DAT or VAD among the elderly. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Serial positron emission tomography scans following radiation therapy of patients with head and neck cancer
Authors: Greven Kathryn M. , Williams Daniel W. , McGuirt W. Frederick , Harkness Beth A. , D'Agostino Ralph B. , Keyes John W. , Watson Nat E. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractBackgroundA single institution study was undertaken to evaluate the role of positron emission tomography (PET) scans with fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) prior to radiation and following radiation.MethodsForty‐five patients with head and neck cancers were evaluated with FDG‐PET scans as well as either CT or MRI prior to treatment with definitive radiation (RT). These same scans were obtained following completion of RT at 1 month (36 patients), 4 months (28 patients), 12 months (19 patients), and 24 months (15 patients). Standard uptake values (SUV) normalized for blood glucose and lean body mass were calculated on the initial and 1‐month post‐treatment PET scans.ResultsFifteen patients are alive without evidence of disease at 24 to 52 months following RT. Initial SUVs were calculated on the primary tumor site and ranged from 2.5 to 28.5. These values did not have any correlation with local control when examined for the entire group, primary site, or T stage. One‐month post‐RT SUV ranged from 1.8 to 6.24. Of the 36 1‐month post‐RT PET scans, six were interpreted as positive for residual disease and were confirmed by biopsy. Four of the five scans, which were interpreted as equivocal, were positive on biopsy. Seven of the 25 scans, which were interpreted as negative for tumor, were positive on biopsy. Four‐month scans were more accurate for disease with disease noted in 0 of 18 negative scans, 6 of 7 positive scans, and 2 of 3 equivocal scans.ConclusionsPET is useful for initial imaging of head and neck cancers. SUV does not appear to be useful for predicting outcome following treatment with RT. One‐month post‐RT scans were inaccurate for predicting the presence of cancer. Four‐month post‐RT scans were a better predictor for the presence of cancer. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Head Neck 23: 942–946, 2001.
Cervical nodal metastases in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck: What to expect
Authors: Mukherji Suresh K. , Armao Diane , Joshi Varsha M. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe treatment and management of malignancies of the head and neck is directly altered by the presence of metastatic cervical adenopathy. The treatment of nodal metastases in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (HNSCCA) is determined by the lymphatic drainage of the upper aerodigestive tract. The lymphatic drainage is site‐specific and occurs in a predictable manner. The purpose of this text is to provide an overview of the normal routes of lymphatic drainage in the head and neck and correlate this with the current nodal classification system. The specific aims of this manuscript are to 1) illustrate the expected lymphatic drainage patterns of HNSCCA arising in the different subsites (nasopharynx, oropharynx, oral cavity, larynx, and hypopharynx) and 2) review the expected frequency of metastases within nodal groups for HNSCCA that arise in these locations. An understanding of the topographical distribution and incidence of cervical lymph node metastases plays an integral role in the physical examination and radiological evaluation of patients with HNSCCA. For the neuroradiologist, this information may increases the ability to identify those nodal groups at risk for metastatic involvement. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Head Neck 23: 995–1005, 2001.
Ventral tegmental nucleus of Gudden: A pontine hippocampal theta generator?
Authors: Bassant Marie‐Hélène , Poindessous‐Jazat Frédérique 
Published: September 2002

AbstractIt is well‐established that rhythmically bursting (RB) activity in the medial septum is crucial for the generation of the hippocampal theta rhythm, but the contribution of other diencephalic‐pontine structures is less documented. The ventral tegmental nucleus (VTn) of Gudden is related to the Papez's circuit via its interconnections with the medial mammillary nucleus, and therefore it may play a role in the generation of hippocampal theta. In the present study, extracellular activity from VTn neurons were recorded in unanesthetized restrained rats (n = 9). Hippocampal activity (EEG) and electromyograms were recorded simultaneously to identify sleep‐waking states. RB activity was observed in VTn during wakefulness, with periods of hippocampal theta and during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. Rhythmicity in VTn preceded theta activity in hippocampus. The frequency of RB neurons in VTn was 5.6 Hz during wakefulness and 6.8 Hz during REM sleep. It was similar to that of hippocampal theta. The rhythmicity was particularly stable and the firing rates were strikingly high during REM sleep. RB activity in VTn was also recorded from urethane‐anesthetized rates (n = 3). Rhythmic firing (4.0 Hz) was slower than in unanesthetized rats and matched the urethane‐related theta frequency. Our results show that neurons in VTn exhibit a marked RB activity during states of vigilance accompanied by hippocampal theta rhythm. They suggest that VTn may be a pontine hippocampal theta generator. Hippocampus 2001;11:809–813. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A pilot, open clinical study of depakote in the treatment of cocaine abuse
Authors: Halikas James A. , Center Bruce A. , Pearson Victoria L. , Carlson Gregory A. , Crea Fredrick 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe effectiveness of increasing levels of valproic acid on cocaine abstinence was evaluated in an open‐label trial of 55 subjects. Significantly lower percentages of individuals with valproate serum levels above 50 mcg/ml reported cocaine use and had less positive urinalyses as compared to those with serum levels less than 50 mcg/ml. The total number of days of cocaine use decreased significantly (p < 0.001) and improved levels of subject functioning were found with increasing serum levels of valproic acid. This pilot study offers confirmation that the divalproex sodium form of valproic acid, when used in sufficient serum levels, may provide an effective pharmacologic adjunct in the management and treatment of cocaine dependency. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Estimating suspended sediment and trace element fluxes in large river basins: methodological considerations as applied to the NASQAN programme
Authors: Horowitz Arthur J. , Elrick Kent A. , Smith James J. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractIn 1994, the NASQAN (National Stream Quality Accounting Network) programme was redesigned as a flux‐based water‐quality monitoring network for the Mississippi, Columbia, Colorado, and Rio Grande Basins. As the new programme represented a departure from the original, new sampling, processing, analytical, and data handling procedures had to be selected/developed to provide data on discharge, suspended sediment concentration, and the concentrations of suspended sediment and dissolved trace elements.Annual suspended sediment fluxes were estimated by summing daily instantaneous fluxes based on predicted suspended sediment concentrations derived from discharge‐based log–log regression (rating‐curve) models. The models were developed using both historical and current site‐specific discharge and suspended sediment concentrations. Errors using this approach typically are less than ±10% for the 3‐year reporting period; however, the magnitude of the errors increases substantially for temporal spans shorter than 1 year.Total, rather than total‐recoverable, suspended sediment‐associated trace element concentrations were determined by direct analysis of material dewatered from large‐volume whole‐water samples. Site‐specific intra‐ and inter‐annual suspended sediment‐associated chemical variations were less (typically by no more than a factor of two) than those for either discharge or suspended sediment concentrations (usually more than 10‐fold). The concentrations, hence the annual fluxes, for suspended sediment‐associated phosphorus and organic carbon, determined by direct analyses, were higher than those determined using a more traditional paired, whole‐water/filtered‐water approach (by factors ranging from 1·5‐ to 10‐fold). This may be important for such issues as eutrophication and coastal productivity.Filtered water‐associated (dissolved) trace element concentrations were markedly lower than those determined during the historical NASQAN programme; many were below their respective detection limits. This resulted from the use of clean sampling, processing, and analytical protocols. Hence, the fluxes for filtered water‐associated (dissolved) Ag, Pb, Co, V, Be, Sb, and Se, as well as the total (filtered water plus suspended sediment‐associated) fluxes for these constituents, could not be estimated. Published in 2001 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The role of subsurface runoff through bedrock on storm flow generation
Authors: Onda Yuichi , Komatsu Yosuke , Tsujimura Maki , Fujihara Jun‐ichi 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe influence of bedrock subsurface flow on storm runoff generation was investigated in Japan in two regions in Japan underlain by three bedrock types. One region, with approximately 2500 m of relief, is located in the Japan Alps, central Japan (In a region), where six small forest‐covered watersheds underlain by granite and Mesozoic shale were studied. Two of these watersheds were instrumented to monitor stream discharge and the other four are springs occurring at the bedrock exposure. The other study area is in northern Kyoto prefecture, western Japan (Oe region). Here, spring distribution and seasonal flow were monitored in two steep basins underlain by serpentinite rocks. Distinctly different runoff responses were observed: the granite watershed exhibited a large and rapid runoff peak that coincided with the rainfall peak (type 1); and the shale and serpentinite basins exhibited small initial runoff peaks followed by a maximum peak discharge five to ten times greater with a convex recession limb (type 2). Runoff response from bedrock springs had characteristics similar to type 1 hydrographs; however, discharge increased only when the antecedent precipitation index was large and the runoff peak was delayed between 10 h and 1 week after rain events. The specific discharge of the springs decreased with increase in altitude in the Oe region, especially in dry periods. This decline in discharge with elevation suggests that a deep subsurface flow system through bedrock fissures contributes to the storm water flow in serpentinate basins. When comparing runoff response and spring discharge, slow or double peak runoff response may be a good indicator of the influence of bedrock subsurface outflow on storm runoff generation in steep mountainous regions. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.