bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Composition of Milk Obtained From Unmassaged Versus Massaged Breasts of Lactating Mothers
Authors: Foda Mervat I. , Kawashima Takaaki , Nakamura Sadako , Kobayashi Michiko , Oku Tsuneyuki 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACTBackground:The Oketani method is a program of breast massage and clinical counseling developed by the midwife Satomi Oketani. The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of the method on the quality of breast milk by determining the chemical composition of the milk before and after massage.Methods:Milk samples were obtained immediately before and after massage from healthy, exclusively breast‐feeding Japanese mothers at two different periods of lactation one <3 months the other >3 months after parturition. Lipids, whey protein, casein, lactose, ash, and total solids in milk were measured in milk samples. The gross energy content of milk was estimated.Results:Breast massage significantly increased lipids in the late lactating period but not in the early lactating period. In the early lactating period casein was increased by breast massage but was not significantly affected in the late lactating period. Breast massage caused a significant increase in total solids from the first day to 11 months post partum. The gross energy in the late lactating period was significantly increased by breast massage but not in the early lactating period. Lactose was not significantly changed by breast massage.Conclusions:Breast massage improves the quality of human milk by significantly increasing total solids, lipids, and casein concentration and gross energy. The milk of mothers treated by Oketani breast massage may improve the growth and development of infants.
Colonic Expression of MUC2, MUC5AC, and TFF1 in Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Children
Authors: Shaoul Ron , Okada Yoshio , Cutz Ernest , Marcon Margaret A. 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACTBackground:The quantity and quality of mucins are affected in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) both because of a reduction in the number of goblet cells and a decrease in the number of sugar residues per oligosaccharide side chain. Alteration in the types of mucins and aberrant location may contribute to the underlying pathology by affecting the mucus barrier function or may instead be a response to inflammation. The authors used the periodic acid‐Schiff/Alcian blue stain to distinguish neutral and acidic mucins, and used specific antibodies to the mature goblet cell mucin MUC2, MUC2 core antigen, foveolar cell mucin MUC5AC, and gastric trefoil factor (TFF1), to characterize their presence and distribution in colonic tissue sections from patients with IBD.Results:Both core and mature MUC2 were expressed in all colonic goblet cells from patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn disease and from healthy controls. MUC5AC and TFF1, which are not normally expressed by colonic tissue, also were expressed in scattered goblet cells, coexpressing with MUC2. In areas of goblet cell depletion, MUC2 was present in cytoplasmic granules of flattened, cuboidal, nongoblet‐cell–like surface cells. The staining was more intense and homogenous with the MUC2 core antibody, suggesting expression of relatively immature mucin. Some of these cells also coexpressed MUC5AC but to a lesser extent. These findings are not unique to IBD but were also found in other types of intestinal inflammation.Conclusion:The study confirms earlier observations that MUC2 is the major colonic mucin in IBD. It appears in two forms: mature MUC2 in goblet cells and immature MUC2 especially in secretory granules of cells that are not phenotypically goblet cells. MUC5AC and TFF1 expression in goblet cells is common in IBD and other inflammatory conditions of the colon. These changes may represent a nonspecific repair function of the colon cells to compensate for damage to barrier function.
Nontyphoid Salmonellosis in Taiwan Children: Clinical Manifestations, Outcome and Antibiotic Resistance
Authors: Huang I‐Fei , Wagener Marilyn M. , Hsieh Kai‐Sheng , Liu Yung‐Ching , Wu Tzee‐Chung , Lee Wei‐Yang , Chiou Christine C. 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACTObjectives:The purposes of this study were to investigate the epidemiologic, clinical, and microbiologic features of patients with nontyphoid salmonellosis and to elucidate the impact of resistance on the outcome of nontyphoid salmonellosis in Taiwan. The authors also sought to develop a severity score to derive an objective guideline for antibiotic use in nontyphoid salmonellosis in the era of increasing antibiotic resistance.Methods:The authors prospectively monitored 311 children with nontyphoid salmonellosis in Kaohsiung, Taiwan. The demographic, clinical, and microbiologic features, underlying diseases, treatment regimen, complications, and outcome were analyzed. In vitro susceptibility testing of the isolates was performed.Results:The median age of affected patients was 15 months. Salmonella enteritidis B caused 68.5% of episodes, followed by S. enteritidis C1 (11.9%), D (7.7%), C2 (7.1%), E (2.6%), S. choleraesuis (1.6%), and S. paratyphi (0.6%). Sixty percent of isolates were resistant to ampicillin. Patients with bacteremia could not be differentiated from patients without bacteremia on clinical grounds. Patients receiving antibiotics that were inactive in vitro (discordant therapy) had more days of fever and longer hospital stay compared with patients receiving antibiotics that were active in vitro (concordant therapy). Patients receiving no antibiotic treatment had the fewest days of fever and shortest hospital stays, especially among patients with mild illness (severity score, 0–1).Conclusion:Blood culture should be obtained in patients with nontyphoid salmonellosis to detect bacteremia. In treating antibiotic‐resistant nontyphoid salmonellosis, antibiotics are still not mandatory for patients who present with primarily gastrointestinal symptoms and limited signs of systemic inflammation reflected by a low severity score (low C‐reactive protein, fewer band cells in peripheral blood, and fewer days of fever before admission). Susceptibility data should be promptly obtained because use of discordant antibiotics appears to prolong illness.
Is an Abbreviated Pediatric Crohn's Disease Activity Index Better Than the Original?
Authors: Shepanski Melissa A. , Markowitz Jonathan E. , Mamula Petar , Hurd Linda B. , Baldassano Robert N. 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACTObjective:The Pediatric Crohn's Disease Activity Index (PCDAI) is a validated measure of disease activity comprised of historical, laboratory and physical examination parameters. It has been suggested that an abbreviated PCDAI may be of similar utility without requiring laboratory evaluations or calculated height velocity. The aim of this study was to compare an abbreviated PCDAI and the original PCDAI and also compare the abbreviated PCDAI and a quality‐of‐life measurement.Methods:The authors prospectively analyzed quality of life and disease activity, using the IMPACT‐35 Questionnaire, the PCDAI and an abbreviated PCDAI consisting of three historical items (abdominal pain, stools and patient functioning) and three physical examination items (weight, abdomen and perirectal disease).Results:Forty subjects aged 5–24 years (22 males) were included in analysis. Correlations were performed between the original PCDAI, an abbreviated PCDAI and the IMPACT‐35. There was a significant, strong correlation between the PCDAI and the abbreviated PCDAI (n = 40, r = 0.849, p <0.001), a significant, moderate correlation between PCDAI and IMPACT‐35 (n = 29, r = −0.547, p = 0.002) and a significant, moderate correlation between the abbreviated PCDAI and IMPACT‐35 (n = 29, r = −0.579, p <0.001).Conclusions:An abbreviated PCDAI predicted disease activity as well as the full PCDAI. The IMPACT‐35 correlated well with disease activity based on both PCDAI and an abbreviated PCDAI. An abbreviated PCDAI may offer advantages over the original PCDAI and should be prospectively validated in future studies.
A rare hemodialysis vascular access complication—Internal jugular vein reflux
Authors: Xiong Xiaowei , Zhang Hongxia 
Published: January 2024

AbstractHemodialysis (HD) arteriovenous fistulas commonly present with late vascular access complications, but are rarely in association with internal jugular vein (IJV) reflux. We reported two patients who had severe and mild IJV reflux, respectively. Case 1 was a 48‐year‐old male with end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) who had been treated with HD for 5 years. He presented with persistent headaches, nausea, and vomiting. Combined with all the examinations, it was revealed severe IJV reflux, brachiocephalic vein stenosis, high‐flow vascular access, and IJV valve dysfunction. Case 2 was a 59‐year‐old female with ESRD who had constructed an AVF for 4 months and had been on HD for only 1 day. She presented with dizziness and nausea after the first hemodialysis and duplex ultrasonography showed slightly continuous IJV reflux, high‐flow vascular access, and IJV valve dysfunction. Furthermore, we reviewed 16 case reports to identify the characteristics of IJV reflux in HD patients. IJV reflux in HD patients may be caused by high‐flow access, central venous stenosis or occlusion, and valve dysfunction. Severe IJV reflux can develop neurological symptoms secondary to intracranial venous reflux in this article. Etiological treatment is helpful for these patients, but there is a risk of recurrence.
Mouse models for inherited monoamine neurotransmitter disorders
Authors: Thöny Beat , Ng Joanne , Kurian Manju A. , Mills Philippa , Martinez Aurora 
Published: January 2024

AbstractSeveral mouse models have been developed to study human defects of primary and secondary inherited monoamine neurotransmitter disorders (iMND). As the field continues to expand, current defects in corresponding mouse models include enzymes and a molecular co‐chaperone involved in monoamine synthesis and metabolism (PAH, TH, PITX3, AADC, DBH, MAOA, DNAJC6), tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) cofactor synthesis and recycling (adGTPCH1/DRD, arGTPCH1, PTPS, SR, DHPR), and vitamin B6 cofactor deficiency (ALDH7A1), as well as defective monoamine neurotransmitter packaging (VMAT1, VMAT2) and reuptake (DAT). No mouse models are available for human DNAJC12 co‐chaperone and PNPO‐B6 deficiencies, disorders associated with recessive variants that result in decreased stability and function of the aromatic amino acid hydroxylases and decreased neurotransmitter synthesis, respectively. More than one mutant mouse is available for some of these defects, which is invaluable as different variant‐specific (knock‐in) models may provide more insights into underlying mechanisms of disorders, while complete gene inactivation (knock‐out) models often have limitations in terms of recapitulating complex human diseases. While these mouse models have common phenotypic traits also observed in patients, reflecting the defective homeostasis of the monoamine neurotransmitter pathways, they also present with disease‐specific manifestations with toxic accumulation or deficiency of specific metabolites related to the specific gene affected. This review provides an overview of the currently available models and may give directions toward selecting existing models or generating new ones to investigate novel pathogenic mechanisms and precision therapies.
Deep Learning Algorithm of the SPARCC Scoring System in SI Joint MRI
Authors: Lin Yingying , Cao Peng , Chan Shirley Chiu Wai , Lee Kam Ho , Lau Vince Wing Hang , Chung Ho Yin 
Published: January 2024

BackgroundThe Spondyloarthritis Research Consortium of Canada (SPARCC) scoring system is a sacroiliitis grading system.PurposeTo develop a deep learning‐based pipeline for grading sacroiliitis using the SPARCC scoring system.Study TypeProspective.PopulationThe study included 389 participants (42.2‐year‐old, 44.6% female, 317/35/37 for training/validation/testing). A pretrained algorithm was used to differentiate image with/without sacroiliitis.Field Strength/Sequence3‐T, short tau inversion recovery (STIR) sequence, fast spine echo.AssessmentThe regions of interest as ground truth for models' training were identified by a rheumatologist (HYC, 10‐year‐experience) and a radiologist (KHL, 6‐year‐experience) using the Assessment of Spondyloarthritis International Society definition of MRI sacroiliitis independently. Another radiologist (YYL, 4.5‐year‐experience) solved the discrepancies. The bone marrow edema (BME) and sacroiliac region models were for segmentation. Frangi‐filter detected vessels used as intense reference. Deep learning pipeline scored using SPARCC scoring system evaluating presence and features of BMEs. A rheumatologist (SCWC, 6‐year‐experience) and a radiologist (VWHL, 14‐year‐experience) scored using the SPARCC scoring system once. The radiologist (YYL) scored twice with 5‐day interval.Statistical TestsIndependent samples t‐tests and Chi‐squared tests were used. Interobserver and intraobserver reliability by intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Pearson coefficient evaluated consistency between readers and the deep learning pipeline. We evaluated the performance using sensitivity, accuracy, positive predictive value, and Dice coefficient. A P‐value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsThe ICC and the Pearson coefficient between the SPARCC scores from three readers and the deep learning pipeline were 0.83 and 0.86, respectively. The sensitivity in identifying BME and accuracy of identifying SI joints and blood vessels was 0.83, 0.90, and 0.88, respectively. The dice coefficients were 0.82 (sacrum) and 0.80 (ilium).Data ConclusionThe high consistency with human readers indicated that deep learning pipeline may provide a SPARCC‐informed deep learning approach for scoring of STIR images in spondyloarthritis.Evidence Level1Technical EfficacyStage 2
“It doesn't make sense to stick with old patterns”: How leaders adapt their behavior to foster inclusion in a disruptive context
Authors: Beijer Susanne E. , Knappert Lena , Stephenson Kathleen A. 
Published: January 2024

SummaryLeader behavior is essential for creating inclusive organizations. The disruptive context of the COVID‐19 pandemic forced many people to work remotely and leaders to cope with the disruption of their teams' workflows and work arrangements. However, fixed sets of leader behavior as well as stable and shared physical contexts are implicit assumptions in current knowledge and theorizing on inclusive leadership. Therefore, in this study, we first synthesize inclusive leadership literature with leader adaptability and context‐sensitive leadership studies. Next, drawing on 47 interviews with leaders and their followers, we unravel how the enactment of aspired inclusive leadership behaviors was hampered due to the pandemic‐related disruption, and explain how leaders adjusted their inclusive behaviors in response to these difficulties. From these findings, we develop a model that suggests rather than a static set of inclusive leader behaviors, inclusive leadership is enacted through the continuous adjustment on leaders' perceptions of the context and followers' feelings of inclusion.
Impact of land use history and soil properties on soil mite communities (Acari, Mesostigmata) inhabiting stands growing on post‐agricultural land
Authors: Malica Jacek , Rączka Grzegorz , Turczański Krzysztof , Andrzejewska Agnieszka , Skorupski Maciej , Urbanowski Cezary K. , Kamczyc Jacek 
Published: January 2024

AbstractDecades of agriculture in a former—type of ecosystem, for example, deciduous forests—result in severe habitat degradation. The planted tree species encounter harsh conditions due to physically and chemically transformed soil environments. In addition, afforestation itself significantly modifies the upper soil horizons. It may impact the soil fauna communities, including mites from the Mesostigmata order (Mesostigmata = Gamasida). Due to their sensitivity, mesostigmatid mites are good bioindicators of changes in the soil. A decrease in the density, species richness, and diversity of mites indicates disturbances in the soil environment and may confirm the impact of agricultural practice on the soil environment. Our research aim was to examine the impact of soil properties and land use history on the mesostigmatid mite communities in stands growing on forest and post‐agricultural lands. These sites were afforested with different tree species (Betula pendula Roth., Fagus sylvatica L., Pinus sylvestris L., and Quercus robur L.). Thus, 21 research plots were established on forest and post‐agricultural land, each on rusty soils considered to be one of the most common in Central European forests. We collected a total of 567 soil samples during three sampling sessions in spring and autumn for soil Mesostigmata investigation. We also described the soil profile on each plot and collected soil and litter samples to measure pH, litter thickness, soil organic matter, bulk density, soil moisture, soil organic carbon, and elements content. Our study revealed that 16 out of 30 environmental parameters differed between habitat types. A total of 1355 mites were classified into 58 taxa (50 species and 8 genera). The most numerous species were Veigaia nemorensis (165 ind.; 12.2% of all mesostigmatid mites), Zercon peltatus (156; 11.5%), and Paragamasus conus (141; 10.4%). The highest abundance was recorded in birch stands on forest land, whereas the lowest abundance for oak stands growing on post‐agricultural land. Interestingly, in oak stands we recorded both the highest diversity of mite communities (forest land) and the lowest on post‐agricultural land. Furthermore, our study showed that post‐agricultural land and Na content in forest litter affected the abundance, species richness, and diversity of mesostigmatid mite communities. Species richness was additionally affected by tree species, that is, pine and oak. Our research indicated that long‐term agricultural practice negatively affected the density, species richness, and diversity of Mesostigmata communities 20 years after afforestation.
Hierarchical van der Waals Assemblies to Boost Deep‐Ultraviolet Nonlinear‐Optical Capabilities in Boron Phosphate
Authors: Liu Fan , Li Shihang , Lin Zheshuai , Kang Lei 
Published: January 2024

AbstractCristobalite‐type boron phosphate BPO4, an important nonlinear‐optical (NLO) crystal, exhibits nearly the largest bandgap (Eg ≈ 9.3 eV) and a significant second‐harmonic‐generation (SHG) effect (d36 ≈ 0.7 pm V−1) in the deep‐ultraviolet (DUV, < 200 nm) spectral region. However, its conventional tetrahedral framework structure tends to have low structural anisotropy, resulting in a severe deficiency of birefringence (Δn < 0.01), which fails to achieve DUV birefringent phase matching. In this work, the local anisotropy of tetrahedral structures are proposed to enlarge by constructing van der Waals (vdW) anisotropic motifs under synthetic chemical conditions, which can effectively convert unattainable extreme external forces into internal stresses in chemical bond structures. Depending on unique hierarchical vdW assemblies, enormous tetrahedral distortions can be achieved by stable in‐plane or in‐line bond matching between rigid tetrahedral primitives. First‐principles calculations demonstrate that the birefringence of 2D layered and 1D chained BPO4 achieved by vdW engineering are scaled from Δn < 0.01 to 0.07–0.13, with the shortest birefringent phase‐matched wavelengths down to DUV 189–154 nm. The finding is of seminal importance for the design of vdW NLO crystals in structural chemistry and would provide opportunities to explore unique vdW DUV NLO materials under extreme synthetic conditions.
Simulation of all‐optical NOR gate design with improved extinction ratio using semiconductor optical amplifier
Authors: Vadukanathan Anusooya , Suyambragasam Gobalakrishnan , Sivaraj Ponmalar , Kasiviswanathan Manikandan Moola Seetharamaier 
Published: January 2024

AbstractOptical computers, leveraging the advantages of light characteristics, hold the potential to outperform electronic computers significantly. The role of all‐optical logic gates is pivotal in realizing such high‐performance computing systems. This research introduces a streamlined design for an all‐optical NOR logic gate utilizing a semiconductor optical amplifier. The proposed gate operates at a remarkable data rate of 40 Gbps, achieving an excellent extinction ratio of 20.285 dB. Notably, the design exhibits very low dispersion (−0.029 × 10+006 ps/nm) and an impressively low bit error rate of 4.27 × 10−26.
Stochastic finite element modeling of heterogeneities in massive concrete and reinforced concrete structures
Authors: Ghannoum Maria , Baroth Julien , Millard Alain , Rospars Claude 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe lifespan of a reinforced concrete (RC) structure can be greatly influenced by the spatial variability of its material characteristics which, in particular, explains the observed or measured reduction of the tensile strength at first crack when the volume under tension increases. This paper discusses the ability of accounting for the spatial variability of the tensile strength of concrete in RC structures using a stochastic finite element (SFE) method based on random field simulations. In this work, the generation of random fields on the concrete tensile strength aims at computing the force corresponding to the first crack occurrence, and the reduced tensile strength of the structure. The method can be applied in particular to large‐sized structures, which show a pronounced size effect, for different types of loading. The method consists of, first, estimating the mean of the random field, using the analytical approach of the weakest link and localization method (WL ). Then, the discretized random field is defined on a particular 2D or 3D grid, and it is finally projected on the finite element mesh of the studied structure. The study of the parameters that influence the prediction of the cumulative density functions (CDFs) of the rupture force or the tensile strength is highlighted using experimental series of concrete beams having different volumes and subjected to 4‐point bending loading. Moreover, the SFE method is applied to a RC tie‐beam under tensile loading, characterized by a weak stress gradient, which complicates the prediction of crack positions.
Pediatric Down Syndrome Upper Airway Stimulation: Patient Selection and Post‐Implantation Optimization
Authors: Chieffe Doug , Baldassari Cristina M. , Friedman Norman , Smith David , Heubi Christine , Hartnick Christopher 
Published: January 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe Food and Drug Administration recently approved upper airway stimulation (UAS) for children with Down Syndrome and persistent obstructive sleep apnea who meet certain inclusion and exclusion criteria. Although there is a robust experience with this therapy in the adult population, established protocols used in adults are not directly transferrable to a complex pediatric population. This review aims to combine the protocols from several institutions for patient selection and postimplantation optimization, including a protocol for Drug‐Induced Sleep Endoscopy in children with Down Syndrome, preactivation threshold measurements, device titration, and follow‐up sleep studies.Study DesignExpert panel development of best Practice algorithm.SettingMulti‐institutional investigator review.MethodsAn expert panel was assembled of pediatric otolaryngologists with extensive experience in hypoglossal nerve stimulation in children with Down Syndrome. Thirty statements were created during an initial drafting session. A modified Delphi method was used assess consensus among the panel.ResultsAfter 2 rounds of Delphi surveys, 29 statements met criteria for consensus. One statement did not meet consensus. The statements were grouped into several categories to facilitate presentation.ConclusionsA standardized approach to UAS for children with Down Syndrome must take into account the unique challenges inherent to treating a complex pediatric population with a high rate of sensory processing disorders. This expert panel has met consensus on several statements that will guide clinicians as this novel therapy is adopted.