bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
РОЛЬ БАТЬКІВ У ФОРМУВАННІ МОТИВАЦІЇ ДІТЕЙ ДОШКІЛЬНОГО ВІКУ ДО ЗАНЯТЬ ВЕРХОВОЮ ЇЗДОЮ
Authors: ГУМЕНЮК Сергій , БАСАРАБ Аліна 
Published: October 2023

В останні роки в Україні активно розвивається дитяча верхова їзда та поні спорт. Усе більш популярними стають спеціальні дитячі змагання з кінного спорту, особливістю яких є можливість участь в них вершників дошкільного віку. У цьому віці закладаються основи фізичного й психічного здоров’я дитини, а також формуються мотиви та ставлення до фізичної культури та спорту. Важливий вплив на цей процес відіграють дорослі, які оточують дитину, зокрема батьки. З метою популяризації верхової їзди серед дітей і залучення дошкільнят до цього виду фізичної активності необхідним є розуміння особливості ролі батьків у формуванні мотивації дітей до взаємодії з кіньми. Метою дослідження є детальний аналізу впливу батьків на формування мотивації дітей дошкільного віку до занять верховою їздою та визначення чинників, які сприяють розвитку дитини у цій сфері. Дослідження показало, що роль батьків у формуванні мотивації дітей дошкільного віку до взаємодії з кіньми та занять верховою їздою є надзвичайно важливою. Позитивне ставлення батьків до коней, а також їхнє власне бажання отримати досвід верхової їзди сприяють ефективнішому залученню дітей до занять цим видом фізичної діяльності. У цьому випадку батьки заохочують дитину до контакту з твариною, під час тренування активно комунікують і підтримують дитину, а також посильно допомагають їй під час тренування. З іншого боку прояви страху дорослими до коней, які вони вербально або невербально транслюють дітям, можуть спричинити відмову дитини до взаємодії з тваринами і занять верховою їздою.
ŞEREF HANIM’IN “EL” REDİFLİ GAZELLERİ
Authors: NAYİR EKİNCİ Hilal 
Published: October 2023

19. yüzyıl klasik Türk şiirinde bazı açılardan değişimlerin yaşandığı bir dönemdir. Her ne kadar yüzyıllar boyunca kadın şairler bu edebiyatta varlıklarını gösterseler de hiçbir yüzyılda kadın şair sayısı 19. yüzyıldaki kadar fazla olmamıştır. İçinde bulundukları çevre sebebiyle gelişim imkânı bulan kadın şairler kendi dönemlerinde adlarından söz ettirecek kadar nitelikli ve takdir gören eserler ortaya koymuşlardır.
Dönemin kadın şairleri arasında dikkat çeken ve divan sahibi olan bir isim, Şeref Hanım, İstanbul’da doğup büyümüş, iyi bir eğitim almış, sanata ve kültüre kıymet veren bir aile içinde yetişmiştir. Şairin divanı bütünüyle değerlendirildiğinde şiirlerinde tasavvuf anlayışının hakim olduğu görülür. Manzumelerinde birçok din büyüğünü anan şair Mevlevî olduğu hâlde diğer tarikatlarla ilgili şiirler de kaleme almıştır. Onun şiirlerindeki din ve tasavvuf etkisi birçok manzumesinde hissedilir. Şeref Hanım Divanı’nda şiirler içerik açısından incelendiğinde “yeni” ve “hayatın içinden” sayılabilecek unsurlarla karşılaşılmasına rağmen bir taraftan da onun şiirinde geleneğin izlerini sürmek mümkündür. Sade üslûbu ve sağlam nazım tekniğiyle dikkat çeken şairin redif seçimlerinde Türkçe kelimeleri daha çok tercih ettiği bilinmektedir.
Çalışmada giriş bölümünde “el”in sözlüklerdeki anlamlarına yer verilmiş, kelimenin Arapça ve Farsça karşılıkları üzerinde durulmuş, ardından şairin hayatı ve kişiliğinden bahsedilmiştir. Bir sonraki bölümde Şeref Hanım divanı taranarak tespit edilen örnekler genel bir bakış açısıyla irdelenmiştir. Taramalar sonucunda şairin divanında içinde “el” geçen manzumeler tespit edilmiştir. Bu manzumeler arasında “el” redifli dört gazel bulunmaktadır. Şair, divanında “el”in Farsça ve Arapça karşılıklarını da kullanmış, ancak söz konusu redif olduğunda Türkçe “el” kelimesini tercih etmiştir. Redifin anlamı güçlendirmesinden faydalanan şair gazellerine elle ilişki kurulabilecek unsurları dâhil etmiş, kelimenin mecaz anlamlarına sıklıkla yer vermiştir. Bu gazellerin söyleyiş ve muhteva açısından benzerlik ve farklılıkları bulunmaktadır. Şairin divanından yola çıkılarak onun şiir dünyasında “el” kelimesinin kullanımları, benzetme ve hayal dünyası, mecazlar, deyimler ve kalıp ifadeler bahsi geçen dört gazel üzerinden değerlendirilmiştir.
PENENTUAN SIFAT TEKNIS TANAH JENUH SEBAGIAN DAN ANALISIS DEFORMASI LERENG AKIBAT PENGARUH VARIASI HUJAN
Authors: PRAMUSANDI Sony , RIFA’I Ahmad , SURYOLELONO Kabul Basah 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Recently, landslides often occurs in natural slope in Indonesia, which is associated with the coming rainy season . The increment of ground water level cause by rainfall is affected the properties and behavior of soil especially the unsaturated soil. Generally, the stability of slope is evaluated based on safety factor, but the deformation occured at the soil can also be a good interest in assesing the stability of slope. This research is focused to observe the change of pore water pressure and ascoociate deformation considering the hydro-mechanical properties of unsaturated soil due to the effect of varies rainfall. In this research, numerical simulation was carried out to analysis the deformation of the slope affected by pore water pressure change due to rainfall using software-based Finite Element Method of SIGMA/W and SEEP/W from GEO-SLOPE 2004. Unsaturated soil properties, such as Soil Water Characteristic Curve (SWCC) and Hydraulic Conductivity function are obtained from laboratory test and also predicted based on grain-size distribution using psycho-empirical method in SOILVISION Database. HAVARA is used to help rainfall data analysis using statistic approach. Rainfall model is used to vary the moisture content to model unsaturated soil condition. There are six rainfall models, consists of one steady state model and followed by five transient model to accomodate the pore water pressure changes due to rainfall. The results show that rainfall with intensity near saturated permeability of soil gives more significant influence in increasing pore water pressure and deformation than normal rainfall even with long duration. Proposed countermeasure by providing counterweight and subdrain do not significantly effect the deformation, but it could improves the safety factor significantly, so that the slope is more in stable condition.

Keywords : landslide, unsaturated soil properties, pore water pressure, slope deformation, numerical simulation, finite element method, countermeasures.
Studi Potensi Limbah Debu Pengolahan Baja (Dry Dust Collector) sebagai Bahan Tambah pada Beton
Authors: Amalia Amalia 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This research has the objectives of finding out the concrete properties, which are, workability, unit weight, compressive strength, flexural strength and finding out an optimum composition of dry dust collector waste in the concrete mixture.
In this research, 3 different kinds of concrete mixture were created based on the amount of waste substitution in the concrete. The examined concrete mixture compositions were the concrete with water cement ratio = 0.68, with the waste substitution as much as 0%, 10%, and 20% of sand weight. The mechanical behavior of the concrete was tested at the age of 28 days.The research results show that, an addition of dry dust collector waste in the concrete influence concrete workability, unit weight of concrete with 10 % waste as much as 2497,44 kg/m3. The concrete with 10 % waste had the higher unit weight compare with the normal concrete without waste. The dry dust collector waste substitution as much as 10% in the concrete can improve compressive strength and flexural strength concrete. The compressive strength of the concrete increases as much as 21.21%, flexural strength of the concrete increases as much as 3.48%.

Keywords: concrete, dry dust collector waste, compressive strength, flexural strength
IDENTIFIKASI Dan PENANGANAN RISIKO K3 PADA PROYEK KONSTRUKSI GEDUNG
Authors: Sucita I Ketut , Broto Agung Budi 
Published: October 2023

Abstrak
Pekerja konstruksi menghadapi bahaya kerja 2 - 4 kali lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan pekerja-pekerja lain pada umumnya. Laporan Global Estimates Fatalities in 2002, Organisasi Perburuhan Internasional (ILO) menyatakan bahwa Standar Keselamatan Kerja di Indonesia paling buruk dibandingkan dengan Negara-negara di kawasan Asia Tenggara lainnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat suatu perencanaan program K3 yang detail dan komprehensif sebagai upaya mencapai keperhasilan proyek khususnya dari aspek Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja (K3). Untuk membuat perencanaan program K3, maka dalam penelitian ini akan dilakukan beberapa tahapan yaitu (1) mengidentifikasi risiko-risiko kecelakaan kerja pada setiap tahapan pelaksanaan proyek pembangunan gedung (2) menganalisa dan mengukur risiko-risiko kecelakaan kerja yang terjadi sehingga bisa diketahui besarnya risiko pada pembangunan gedung dan (3) Membuat bentuk-bentuk penanganan/penanggulangan dari masing-masing tingkatan risiko kecelakaan kerja pada pembangunan gedung. Objek penelitan adalah proyek pembangunan gedung Centro City Residence. Hasil identifikasi bahaya pada kegiatan proyek pembangunan Centro City Residences meliputi 33 kegiatan dengan 118 potensi bahaya/risiko kecelakaan kerja. Sedangkan penilaian/ pengukuran bahaya/ risiko dikelompokkan menjadi 3 kategori/level risiko yaitu Risiko rendah/ Low risk (L), Risiko sedang/ Medium risk (M), Risiko tinggi/ High risk (H). Berdasarkan identifikasi dan pengukuran resiko tersebut kemudian dibuat pengendalian risiko. Sebanyak 300 bentuk pengendalian berhasil di buat untuk menanggulangi risiko-risko yang ada.

Kata Kunci: identifikasi, pengukuran, penanggulangan, risiko kegiatan proyek konstruksi.
TINJAUAN VARIASI TEBAL GROUTING SIKADUR® 31 CF NORMAL Dan PANJANG PENYALURAN TERHADAP DAYA LEKAT BAJA TULANGAN PADA BETON MUTU NORMAL
Authors: Rosyidah Anis , Maulid R Gilang , Yasin Efendi 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
One of the requirements in reinforced concrete structures is the existence of bonding between reinforcement and concrete, so that if the concrete structure of the given load will not slip between reinforcing steel and concrete, with a condition for disbursement length and diameter sufficient reinforcement. This research was conducted with laboratory experimental methods, this study used threaded steel bars 10 mm in diameter grown on cylindrical concrete specimens with a length variation of normal quality distribution of 100 mm and 200 mm, and for thickness variation Sikadur® 31 CF Normal used a thickness variation mm, 2 mm, 3 mm. Each specimen is tested with a method of "bond, a pull-out test". Based on the results obtained from voltage variations thick adhesive Sikadur® 31 CF Normal, with thick sticky voltage Sikadur®31 CF Normal 2 mm produces voltage optimium closely with the value of 8.412 MPa,the adhesive stresses are found for the distribution of the required length of 182.860 mm for thickness variation Sikadur® 31 CF Normal 1 mm, 97.586 mm for thickness variation Sikadur® 31 CF Normal 2 mm, while for thickness variation Sikadur® 31 CF Normal 3 mm can not be calculated and analyzed the test results because of the "bond, a pull-out" no reinforcing steelreaches the yield condition, caused by broken concrete and reinforcing steel cylinder apart before reaching the yield condition. Then the length distribution obtained by the above formula Park & Paulay compared with the length distribution of article 14.2 of SNI 30-2847-2002 obtained epoxy ratio of 2:13 for the thickness of 2 mm with a planting of 100 mm. In the epoxy thickness 1 mm with 200 mm obtained planting 2:7 ratio, and the planting of monoliths obtained 2:5 ratio. Bold use of Sikadur® 31 CF Normal apparently affect the pattern of damage to the concrete and steel. When planting steel bars are too short we need a thicker epoxy, planting reinforcement 100 mm with a thickness of 3 mm epoxy. When planting longer needed a thinner epoxy, the planting of 200 mm reinforced epoxy with a thickness of 1 mm. Based on the pattern of damage that occurs, the thickness of epoxy should consider the quality of concrete used to prevent the destruction of the concrete.
Keyword: grouting thickness, development length, bond stress.
RANCANGAN HETEROJUNCTION BIPOLAR TRANSISTOR SILIKON GERMANIUM (HBT’S SIGE) DENGAN PENDEKATAN POISSON EQUATION
Authors: Alamsyah Tossin , Saepuddin Endang 
Published: October 2023

Ideally performance of Heterojunction Bipolar Transistor (SiGe HBT's) is the Threshold Frequency (ft) and Maximum Frequency (fmax) and high current gain. In order to get the performance can be used the physics approach that that is heavy doping on the emitter and narrow base width. This research conducted at the design of SiGe HBT's based on a model approach three (3)-dimensional hydrodynamic approach to the Poisson equation with electron transport. Simulation using the software Bipole3 with input parameters based on models developed by IBM's first generation. Results of analysis and discussion show that the design of SiGe HBT's provide the frequency threshold (FT) 56 GHz with a deviation of 7% of the worth of a model developed by IBM.

Keywords: HBT’s SiGe, Poisson Equation.

ABSTRAK
Kinerja ideal dari Heterojunction Bipolar Transistor (HBT’s SiGe) adalah Threshold Frequency ( ft ) dan Maximum Frequency ( fmax ) serta Current Gain yang tinggi. Untuk mendapatkan unjuk kerja yang tersebut dapat digunakan pendekatan physic yaitu heavy doping pada emitter dan lebar basis dibuat sempit (narrow base width). Pada riset ini dilakukan rancangan HBT’s SiGe berdasarkan pendekatan model tiga(3) dimensi hydrodynamic dengan pendekatan Poisson equation electron transport. Simulasi menggunakan perangkat lunak Bipole3 dengan parameter masukan berdasarkan model yang dikembangkan oleh IBM generasi pertama Hasil analisa dan pembahasan menunjukkan bahwa hasil rancangan HBT’s SiGe menghasilkan frekuensi threshold (fT) 56 GHz dengan deviasi senilai 7% terhadap model yang dikembangkan oleh IBM.

Kata kunci: HBT’s SiGe, Persamaan Poisson
RANCANG BANGUN MIKROSTRIP COUPLER UNTUK MOBILE WiMAX PADA FREKUENSI 2,3 GHz
Authors: Zulhelman Zulhelman , Wagyana Agus , Firmansyah Teguh 
Published: October 2023

The function of the coupler in RF WiMAX is to separate the transmitted signal to the received signal. At the branch line couplerthere are two equal output values with the phase difference of 90°. The phase difference is used as the separator between the transmitter and the receiver. In this paper, a microstripbranch line couplerwith a T-junction will be designed which is operated at 2,3 GHz frequency with two equal output values of - 3dB and 90 ° phase differences. In here also the length and width for each impedance line of the microstripbranch line coupler using FR4 substrate with a dielectric constant of 4,6 and a thickness of 1,6 mm are calculated. It is shown from the results that the microstripbranch line coupleroperates at 2,300 GHz, the return loss is - 27.633 dB, the VSWR is 1,060, and the bandwidth is 200 MHz. And it is shown from the measurement microstrip branch line coupler operates at 2,320 GHz, the return loss is - 24.33 dB, the VSWR is 1,120, and the bandwidth is 210 MHz.

Key words :Coupler, Microtrip, Mobile WiMax

ABSTRAK
Fungsi coupler pada RF WiMAX dirancang sebagai pemisah sinyalyang ditransmisikan dengan yang diterima. Pada branch line coupler terdapat dua output yang bernilai sama besar dengan beda fasa sebesar 90°. Perbedaan fasa inilah yang digunakan sebagai pemisah antara transmitter dengan receiver. Pada penelitian ini dirancang microstrip branch line coupler dengan T-junction yang bekerja pada frekuensi 2,3 GHz dengan nilai kedua ouput sebesar – 3 dB dan beda fasa 90°.
Tahapan yang dilakukan adalah merancang panjang dan lebar untuk setiap saluran impedansi pada microstrip branch line coupler dengan menggunakan substrat FR4 yang memiliki konstanta dielektrik sebesar 4,4 dengan ketebalan 1,6 mm. Dari hasil perancangan didapat frekuensi kerja dari microstrip branch line coupler adalah 2,300 GHz, besarnya return loss adalah -27,633 dB, VSWR sebesar 1,060, dan bandwidth sebesar 200MHz. Hasil yang dirancang di pabrikasi dan dilakukan pengukuran. Dari hasil pengukuran didapat frekuensi kerja dari microstrip branch line coupler adalah 2,320 GHz, besarnya return loss adalah -24,33 dB, VSWR sebesar 1,120, dan bandwidth sebesar 210 MHz.

Kata kunci : Coupler, Microtrip, Mobile WiMax
PENGARUH WAKTU PENGERINGAN TERHADAP KADAR AIR GABAH PADA MESIN PENGERING GABAH KONTINYU KAPASITAS 100 KG DAN DAYA 1890 W
Authors: Mustofa K. D 
Published: October 2023

The traditional way of long drying time for drying grain is drying under the sun. Since the weather conditions that can not be controlled need to designed the Continuous Grain Dryer to dry the grain that does not depend on weather conditions. This designed dryer uses heater to improve air temperature which hot air is exhaled by force using a fan to the tube extruder. Extruder is functioning to move grain the initial entry to exit, extruder was driven continuously by a motor with rotational speed 1400 [rpm].
From this research can be concluded that the drying time effect on grain moisture content linearly. The longer the drying time the lower the moisture content of grain. In this study, the processing time or drying time is used to dry wet grain as much as 60 kg with a moisture content of 27% to 14% is 4 hours 56 minutes.Listen
Keyword: Grain, Dryer

Abstrak
Cara tradisional dalam pengeringan gabah adalah penjemuran dibawah sinar matahari. Kelemahanya adalah waktu pengeringan relatif lama dan kondisi cuaca yang tidak dapat dikendalikan.
Rancang bangun Mesin Pengering Gabah kontinyu merupakan alternatif untuk mengeringkan gabah yang tidak bergantung kondisi cuaca. Alat ini menggunakan Heater yang berfungsi memanaskan udara yang kemudian udara panas tersebut dihembuskan secara paksa menggunakan Kipas menuju tabung Ekstruder. Ekstruder berfungsi mengalirkan gabah dari awal masuk sampai keluar dari tabung, Ekstruder tersebut digerakkan oleh motor dengan kecepatan putar 1400 [rpm] dan beroperasi secara kontinyu.
Dari penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa waktu pengeringan berpengaruh terhadap kadar air gabah secara linier. Semakin lama waktu pengeringan maka semakin rendah kadar air gabah. Pada penelitian ini waktu proses atau waktu pengeringan yang digunakan untuk mengeringkan gabah basah sebanyak 60 kg dengan kadar air 27 % menjadi 14 % adalah 4 jam 56 menit.
Kata Kunci : Gabah, Mesin Pengering
LABORATORIUM PENGKONVERSI GAMBAR STRUKTUR MIKRO DARI MIKROSKOP KE KOMPUTER SEBAGAI SARANA PRAKTIKUM METALOGRAFI
Authors: Widjatmaka1, Tri , Prasetya Sonki 
Published: October 2023

Practical activities in mechanical engineering laboratory requires adequate facilities and infrastructure. There are several obstacles to implement metallographic laboaratory. One of obstacles is the lack of equipment microstructure image viewer that can be documented for analysis. The activities of metallographic laboratory are unsatisfactory. To answer these problems, this study provides a solution to design and make equipment can document the image of the metallographic microstructure. In principle, the design and manufacture of this equipment is to change the video signal of microscop image of microstructure sensed by the camera into a digital signal by the video card device. Motor with the adjuster is used to set the microscope focus. The image of microstructure can be observed, stored in a storage media (hard disc/flash disc/CD), and can be printed. The results of this study showed that the converter equipment of microstructures of the microscope image to the computer has successfully been designed and fabricated. The image obtained is better in quality and texture. Microstructures analysis can be easier and reduces analytical error. The image of microstructures can be stored, processed, transferred and printed properly. Using the motor adjuster to set the focus of the microscope improves work efficiency.
Key words: metallographic, microstructure, metallurgical-microscope.

ABSTRAK
Selama ini pelaksanaan praktikum, khususnya praktikum metalografi dihadapkan pada kendala, terutama kendala peralatan untuk penampilan gambar yang dapat didokumentasikan untuk keperluan analisis. Untuk menjawab permasalahan tersebut, penelitian ini memberikan solusi, yaitu dengan merancang dan membuat peralatan yang dapat mendokumentasikan gambar struktur mikro dari hasil proses metalografi. Pada prinsipnya, peralatan yang dirancang dan dibuat adalah bahwa spesimen yang diteliti melalui mikroskop akan diindera oleh kamera, dirubah sinyalnya dari sinyal video menjadi sinyal digital dengan piranti video card. Sedangkan pengaturan fokus digunakan motor penggerak yang dikopling dengan adjuster pada mikroskop. Dengan peralatan tersebut, gambar struktur mikro dapat diamati dan diolah langsung, disimpan dalam media penyimpan (hard disk/flash disk/CD), maupun dapat dicetak dengan menggunakan printer. Hasil dari penelitian ini menujukkan bahwa dengan peralatan pengkonversi gambar struktur mikro dari mikroskop ke komputer yang telah berhasil dirancang dan dibuat, gambar struktur mikro lebih baik dalam kualitas gambar maupun teksturnya. Hal ini akan lebih memudahkan untuk analisis dan mengurangi kesalahan analisis. Gambar struktur mikro juga dapat disimpan, diolah, ditransfer dan dicetak dengan baik menggunakan printer yang sudah disiapkan. Penggunaan motor dalam proses pengaturan fokus mikroskop gambar juga mempermudah operator dalam proses pengambilan gambar, yang berarti lebih meningkatkan efisiensi kerja.
Kata kunci :metalografi, struktur mikro, mikroskop metalurgi.
PROSES PRODUKSI PRODUK WAJAN BAHAN PLAT BAJA KARBON DENGAN METODE SPINNING
Authors: Husodo, Nur , Luwar Sanyoto, Budi , Widiyono, Eddy , ME Soedjono Denny 
Published: October 2023

The process of metal spinning is the process of forming sheet metal with a combination of rotary motion and compression force to produce the products according shape mandril. This spinning process has the potential to be applied to small industries producing pan. Because it is necessary for application of the spinning process to form a pan products. Pans that will be realized based carbon steel plate with a shape like a teflon pan. Circular steel plate was placed in front of the mandrill and was gripped by the clamping components assisted by clamping the magnet system. Combination of rotary motion and compression force of the roll will cause the deformation of carbon steel to produce a product. Experiments performed with materials of carbon steel with a thickness of 0.8 mm and 1mm. In conclusion, the calculation of forces on the formation of carbon steel plate with a thickness of 0.8 mm is 14.722 kgf or 144, 277 N, with a thickness of 1 mm of 18.402 kgf or 180, 339 N. The existence of magnetic components will greatly assist the process of clamping plate material so the process of formation by the method of spinning operations become easier in operation.
Keywords : pan, spinning process, mandrill, magnetic.

ABSTRAK
Proses metal spinning adalah proses pembentukan lembaran logam dengan kombinasi gerak putar dan gaya tekan sehingga menghasilkan produk sesuai bentuk mandril. Proses spinning ini sangat berpotensi untuk dapat diterapkan pada industri kecil yang memproduksi produk wajan. Karena itu perlu dilakukan penerapan proses spinning untuk membentuk produk wajan. Wajan yang akan diwujudkan berbahan plat baja karbon dengan bentuk seperti wajan teflon. Plat baja berbentuk lingkaran ditempatkan di depan mandrill dan dicekam dengan komponen clamping dibantu dengan pencekaman dengan system magnit. Kombinasi gerak putar dan gaya tekan dari roll akan menyebabkan deformasi baja karbon sehingga dihasilkan produk. Percobaan dilakukan dengan bahan baja karbon dengan ketebalan 0,8 mm dan 1mm. Kesimpulannya, perhitungan gaya pembentukan pada plat baja karbon dengan tebal 0,8 mm adalah 14,722 Kgf atau 144, 277 N, dengan tebal 1 mm sebesar 18,402 kgf atau 180, 339 N. Adanya komponen magnet akan sangat membantu proses pencekaman bahan plat sehingga proses operasional pembentukan dengan metode spinning menjadi lebih mudah dalam operasional.
Kata kunci: wajan, proses spinning, mandill, magnet.