bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The color systematics of volcanic ash fall samples in estimating eruption sequences: A case study of the 2017–2018 eruption at Shinmoe-dake, Kirishima volcano, Southwest Japan.
Authors: Shimano Taketo , Suzuki Yuki , Yasuda Atsushi , Maeno Fukashi , Miwa Takahiro , Nagai Masashi , Nakada Setsuya , Nakamura Michihiko 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

The color of pyroclasts is fundamental because it is affected by the processes and properties of the magma that derive the diversity in eruption style, as well as particle morphology, chemistry, and petrological characteristics. Currently, it is fundamental to derive the componentry of pyroclasts or the ratio of each component (CR) to monitor ongoing eruptions. However, the color description of pyroclasts and the derivation of the componentry have not yet been fully established to a robust quantitative standard. The derivation of the CR, as well as other petrological analyses, is too laborious and time-consuming to introduce as a sustainable monitoring method. In this study, we introduce spectroscopic colorimetry to rapidly and quantitatively describe the color of eruptive products as a proxy for petrological analyses and to derive the CR based on an objective clear standard for ash particle classification. We performed color spectroscopy of bulk and sieved ash samples and analyzed the componentry of the major size fraction for time series samples in the waxing stage of the 2017–2018 Shinmoe-dake eruption, Kirishima volcano, Southwest Japan. We found that the color of the bulk ash changed systematically with the evolution of componentry. This temporal color change was due to an increase in the amount of vesicular particles with clear glass against dark angular lava particles, as well as a grain size change, which we interpret as an indication of transition from phreatic/phreatomagmatic to magmatic eruption. Subsequently, the color of the ash changed when the amount of compositionally different lava particles increased gradually, coinciding with a shift toward a more dominant effusion of lava. As the lava effusion continued, a slight reddening of the ash, indiscernible to the naked eye, was clearly detected by the spectrometer before the onset of intermittent Vulcanian eruptions. We interpreted this to be due to oxidation caused by a decrease in ascent speed and formation of a stagnant caprock at a shallow depth of the conduit, which accumulated overpressure for the Vulcanian explosion. The rapid and objective derivation of the color values and componentry may help sustainable quasi-real-time monitoring of the eruptive materials of ongoing eruptions.
Resting-state Functional Connectivity in Anxiety Disorders:
A Multicenter fMRI Study
Authors: Langhammer Till , Hilbert Kevin , Adolph Dirk , Arolt Volker , Bischoff Sophie , Böhnlein Joscha , Cwik Jan , Dannlowski Udo , Deckert Jürgen , Domschke Katharina , Evens Ricarda , Fydrich Thomas , Hamm Alfons , Heinig Ingmar , Herrmann Martin J. , Hollandt Maike , Kircher Tilo , Kölkebeck Katja , Leehr Elisabeth , Lotze Martin , Margraf Jürgen , Mumm Jennifer , Pittig Andre , Plag Jens , Richter Jan , Ridderbusch Isabelle , Schneider Silvia , Straube Benjamin , Strohle Andreas , Szeska Christoph , Wittchen Hans-Ulrich , Wroblewski Adrian , Yang Yunbo , Lueken Ulrike 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Anxiety disorders (AD) are associated with altered connectivity in large-scale intrinsic brain networks. The extent to which these signatures are shared across different phenotypes remains unclear, as well-powered transdiagnostic comparisons are still largely missing. We used resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI) to investigate differences in functional connectivity (FC) in a transdiagnostic sample of AD patients and healthy controls (HC). Before treatment, 439 patients from two German multicenter clinical trials at eight different sites fulfilling a primary diagnosis of panic disorder and/or agoraphobia (PD/AG, n=154), social anxiety disorder (SAD, n=95), or specific phobia (SP, n=190) and 105 HC underwent an 8-minute rsfMRI assessment. We performed categorical and dimensional regions of interest (ROI)-to-ROI analyses focusing on connectivity between regions of the defensive system and prefrontal regulation areas. AD patients showed increased connectivity between the insula and the thalamus compared to controls. This was mainly driven by PD/AG patients who showed increased (insula/hippocampus/amygdala - thalamus) and decreased (dorsomedial prefrontal cortex/periaqueductal gray - anterior cingulate cortex) positive connectivity between subcortical and cortical areas. In contrast, SAD patients showed decreased negative connectivity exclusively in cortical areas (insula - orbitofrontal cortex), whereas no differences were found in SP patients. State anxiety associated with the scanner environment did not explain the FC between these regions. Only PD/AG patients showed pronounced connectivity changes along a widespread subcortical-cortical network, including the midbrain. The relative specificity of findings contradicts a strong overarching factor and thus challenges the predominance of shared transdiagnostic dysfunctions in intrinsic connectivity.
Trial Registration: PROTECT-AD’s registration at NIMH Protocol Registration System: 01EE1402A and German Register of Clinical Studies: DRKS00008743. SpiderVR’s registration at ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03208400.
Comparison of the digestive tolerance of an oligomeric versus a polymeric oral nutritional supplement in people with anorexia nervosa. A randomised crossover clinical trial.
Authors: Olveira Gabriel , García Ignacio Ruiz , Pérez Nuria Porras , Torres Francisca García , Delgado Lourdes Olivas , Torralvo Francisco José Sánchez , López Margarita Pascual , Marzalo Carmen Fernández 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background:
Most people with anorexia nervosa (pAN) have digestive symptoms, which affect tolerance to nutritional treatment. Oligomeric oral nutritional supplements could be better absorbed than polymeric ones and better tolerated. Objectives: to compare, in pAN, an oligomeric versus a polymeric nutritional supplement with respect to digestive tolerance (primary objective) and sensory perception (secondary objective).
Methods:
Randomised, crossover, double-blind, controlled clinical trial. Inclusion criteria: male or female aged 12–50 years with anorexia nervosa treated at the Unidad de Trastornos de la Conducta Alimentaria del Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Spain. Participants were randomised to first receive a container of the oligomeric or polymeric supplement. A digestive symptom questionnaire was administered, which they completed again after taking the supplement, together with a questionnaire for sensory evaluation of the supplement. One week later, they received a container of the other type of supplement, and the process was repeated. Analysis was performed on a per protocol basis.
Results:
10 people were randomised to the oligomeric-polymeric sequence and 12 to the polymeric-oligomeric one, of whom 9 and 11 were tested, respectively. There were no statistically significant differences in digestive symptoms between the two supplements. The oligomeric one scored lower on taste and higher on acidity. Median (interquartile range) for oligomeric and polymeric respectively: taste 6.5 (4), 8(3), p 0.03; acidity 0 (1), 0 (0), p 0.01.
Conclusions:
In pAN, oligomeric nutritional supplements have a similar digestive tolerance to polymeric ones, and are perceived as having a worse taste and a higher degree of acidity.
Trial registration:
The trial is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT05184738.
Advancing Liver Disease Sarcopenia Prediction: A Chest- Radiograph–Based Model for Older Adults
Authors: Sasaki Ryo , Nakao Yasuhiko , Mawatari Fumihiro , Nishihara Takahito , Haraguchi Masafumi , Fukushima Masanori , Sasaki Ryu , Miuma Satoshi , Miyaaki Hisamitsu , Nakao Kazuhiko 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Sarcopenia has been identified as a significant factor affecting the quality of life and prognosis of ageing population. We have been developing a deep learning model to predict height, weight for appropriate nutritional intervention in bedridden patients based on chest radiographs examinations. In this study, we developed and validated a model for predicting sarcopenia in patients with liver disease based on chest radiographs. The model was developed and validated in patients with liver disease based on chest radiographs.
Methods
A total of approximately 10842 male and chest Radiograph examinations, including physical examinations conducted in the past 15 years, were subjected to the study. BMI data were used as the teacher data and validation data, and a discriminant model S-CNN was developed using cut off BMI values (18.5, 19, 20). A convolutional neural network ResNet-152 was used to develop the model, and the model was trained on an Nvidia RTX A6000 using Python 3.8 and Pytorch 1.8.1. To validate sarcopenia, we used x-rays of 22 liver disease patients (13 sarcopenia cases) over the age of 65 years, in which grip strength and limb skeletal muscle mass were measured. Limb skeletal muscle mass was measured by bioelectrical impedance (BIA) and skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) was obtained. 2were determined as sarcopenia. Sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and F1 score were used to evaluate the performance of the deep learning model; Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve and Area Under the Curve (AUC) were used to evaluate the prediction accuracy of sarcopenia patients with liver disease.
Results
The S-CNN model showed a sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and F 1 scores were 98.0%, 98.0%, 97.0%, and 98%, respectively. Next, the results were validated with chest radiographs including liver disease sarcopenia, AUC = 0.62 (BMI cut off = 18.5), AUC = 0.62 (BMI cut off = 19), and AUC = 0.77 (BMI cut off = 20).
Conclusion
The highest AUC for prediction of sarcopenia in patients with liver disease by chest radiography was found at BMI (cut off = 20). Development of a more accurate model and its validation on a large scale are expected to realize a simplified pickup of sarcopenia in elderly patients with liver disease.
Host and geography impact virus diversity in New Zealand’s longfin and shortfin eels
Authors: Waller Stephanie J , Egan Eimear , Crow Shannan , Charsley Anthony , Lokman Mark , Williams Erica , Holmes Edward , Geoghegan Jemma L 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The fishing and aquaculture industry is vital for global food security, yet viral diseases can result in mass fish die off events. Determining the viromes of traditionally understudied species, such as fish, enhances our understanding of the global virosphere and factors that influence virome composition and disease emergence. Very little is known about the viruses present in New Zealand’s native fish species including the shortfin eel (Anguilla australis) and the longfin eel (Anguilla dieffenbachii), both of which are fished culturally by Māori (the indigenous population of New Zealand) and commercially. Through a metatranscriptomic analysis of longfin and shortfin eels across three different geographic locations in the South Island of New Zealand, we aimed to determine whether viruses had jumped between the two eel species, and identify whether eel virome composition was impacted by life stage, species and geographic location. We identified nine novel viral species spanning eight different families, enhancing our understanding of eel virus diversity in New Zealand and the host range of these viral families. Viruses from the Flaviviridae (genus Hepacivirus) were widespread and found in both longfin and shortfin eels, indicative of host jumping or virus-host co-divergence. Notably, both host specificity and geographic location appeared to influence eel virome composition, highlighting the complex interaction between viruses, hosts and their ecosystems. This study broadens our understanding of viromes in aquatic hosts and highlights the importance of gaining a baseline knowledge of fish viral abundance and diversity, particularly in aquatic species that are facing population declines.
Impact of the Financial Inclusion Improves Sanitation and Health (FINISH) 2022- 2024 intervention. Protocol for a cluster - randomized controlled trial in Kenya’s Homa Bay County and Uganda’s Kamwenge District
Authors: Josphat Martin Muchangi , Muhula Samuel , Kuijpers Maarten , Jerop Mabel , Wanjiku Judy , Nankanja Maureen , Arulraj Joana , Ojakaa David , Munai Dennis , Mukasa Hajra 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background: Open defecation (OD) remains a rampant practice in Uganda and Kenya. Amref Health Africa, in collaboration with other partners, is implementing the Financial Inclusion for Sanitation and Health Initiative (FINISH) program in Kenya's Homabay and Uganda's Kamwenge regions. The initiative aims to enhance safely managed sanitation through the involvement of communities, governments, entrepreneurs, and financiers to improve government engagement, demand creation, market-based service delivery and products, and inclusive financing to businesses and households for sanitation. This evaluation will specifically determine the impact and cost-effectiveness of the FINISH intervention, as well as explore stakeholder views.
Methods:This evaluation comprises a mixed methods approach. The quantitative design is a cluster-randomized controlled trial (cRCT). The intervention areas are Homa Bay County in Kenya and Kamwenge District in Uganda while the control areas are Siaya and Bushenyi in Kenya and Uganda respectively. With the village in both countries as the randomization unit, intervention and control households will be selected using multi-stage cluster random sampling. Change in diarrhea prevalence among children aged under five years is the main impact estimand. The sample sizes have been estimated at 1,090 households in Kenya (623 for Homa Bay and 467 for Siaya) and 649 households in Uganda (284 for Kamwenge and 365 for Bushenyi Districts). Ethics approvals and licenses were obtained from relevant institutions in Kenya and Uganda. Random assignment, instrumental variable (IV) techniques, and difference-in-difference will comprise the major impact assessment methods.
Conclusion: This protocol is expected to lay ground for interrogation of the impacts of the FINISH model in relation to health and social outcomes in Kenya and Uganda. The study will propose strategy-level recommendations on how governments, communities, financial institutions, and entrepreneurs would work together to enhance safely managed sanitation in Kenya and Uganda.
Factors related to cerebral venous sinus thrombosis: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Hasimu Aihemaiti , Maimaiti Anaerguli , Chen Boni , Zheng Gang , Ma Zhiming , Zou Zhihao , Luo Kun 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective: To study the factors related to cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) and to provide experience in single-center diagnosis and treatment of severe CVST, the relationship between high altitude and CVST and its possible mechanism was analyzed.
Methods: The clinical data of 33 CVST patients treated in the General Hospital of Xinjiang Military Command from March 2018 to January 2022 were collected. During the same period, 882 non-CVST patients who were admitted to the hospital for treatment were selected as the control group, and the clinical data of both groups were collected. A cross-sectional study was used to analyze the factors related to CVST.
Results: Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age, high altitude, systemic disease and surgical status were statistically significant (P < 0.05).
Conclusion: Age, high altitude, systemic disease and surgical status may be influencing factors of the occurrence of CVST. The pathogenesis of CVST caused by high altitude is complex; the specific mechanism is unknown but may be mainly related to hypoxia, dehydration, polycythemia, vascular endothelial cell injury, blood flow status and coagulation function changes. In the future, these results may be further verified by establishing an animal model of CVST under altitude hypoxia conditions.
Prevalence and Knowledge about Cross-Generational Sexual Relationships among Undergraduates in a Nigerian Tertiary Institution
Authors: Ayamolowo Love Bukola , Okunade Praise Toluwani , Ayowole Damilola Jeremiah , Adesoji Bukola Abimbola 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Cross-generational sexual relationships keep exposing more young persons to sexually transmitted infections, psychosocial and emotional trauma and various forms of abuses and has been linked with more cases of human immunodeficiency virus infection within the sub-Saharan Africa region; hence, the need to assess the knowledge and prevalence of cross-generational sexual relationships among undergraduates of a Nigerian institution.
Methodology:
The study was a descriptive cross-sectional survey which involved the use of a four-stage sampling technique to select 390 undergraduates across the 13 faculties of the institution. Data were collected using tested, semi-structured and self-administered questionnaires. Data collected were analysed using Statistical Product of Service Solution version 23.
Results
The mean age of the participants was 21.44 ± 2.62 years. The study showed that the prevalence of cross-generational sexual relationships was 13%, 51.80% of respondents had fair knowledge while.68.1% of respondents practising cross-generational sexual relationships were unwilling to quit. Poor family structure and monthly pocket money adversely affects the prevalence of cross-generational sexual relationships among the study population. There was no statistical significance between socio-demographic characteristics and prevalence about cross-generational sexual relationships among the respondents.
Conclusion
This study identified a significant prevalence and fair knowledge about cross-generational sexual relationships among undergraduate students, a trend mostly influenced by poor family structure, poor monthly pocket money and peer pressure. An extensive orientation and continuous education against the practice of cross-generational sexual relationships is recommended so as to prevent further worsening cross-generational sexual relationships prevalence among young persons, especially in tertiary institutions.
Is a history of obstructive pyelonephritis treated without drainage a risk factor for febrile urinary tract infection after ureteroscopic lithotripsy? – a retrospective study from two institutions
Authors: Yanagi Masato , Ueda Takayuki , Nagasawa Masato , Akatsuka Jun , Katsu Akifumi , Kono Hiroyoshi , Kimata Ryoji , Hamasaki Tsutomu , Nishimura Taiji , Kondo Yukihiro 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
A history of preoperative obstructive pyelonephritis (OP) is a risk factor for febrile urinary tract infection (fUTI) after ureteroscopic lithotripsy (URSL). However, the impact of a history of OP treatment without drainage on post-URSL fUTI has not yet been studied. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the impact of a history of OP treatment without drainage on post-URSL fUTI.
Methods
We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 229 consecutive patients who underwent URSL at two institutions between September 2019 and August 2023. Risk factors for post-URSL fUTI were analyzed by comparing patient demographics. Additionally, we compared the frequency of post-URSL fUTI among patients with a history of OP treated without drainage, those with a history of OP treated with ureteral stent (US) placement, and those without a history of OP.
Results
Of the 229 patients, 19 (8.3%) developed post-URSL fUTI. A history of OP was a significant risk factor for post-URSL fUTI. No significant difference in the incidence of post-URSL fUTI was identified between the patients with a history of OP treated without drainage and those treated with US placement (p = 0.6326). The incidence of post-URSL fUTI was significantly higher in patients with OP treated without drainage than in those without a history of OP (p = 0.0493).
Conclusions
A history of OP was a risk factor for post-URSL fUTI. Additionally, a history of OP treatment without drainage was also a risk factor for post-URSL fUTI.
Synthetic data reliably reproduces brain tumor primary research data
Authors: Khalaf Roy , Davalan William , Mohammad Amro H. , Diaz Roberto Jose 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Synthetic data has garnered heightened attention in contemporary research due to confidentiality barriers and its capacity to simulate variables challenging to obtain, notably in cases where premature death prevents adequate follow-up. Indeed, a significant challenge in clinical neuro-oncology research is the limited availability of data pertinent to rapid-onset conditions with relatively poor prognoses. This study aimed to evaluate the reliability and validity of synthetic data in the context of neuro-oncology research, comparing findings from two published studies with results from synthetic datasets.
Materials and Methods
Two published neuro-oncology studies focusing on prognostic factors were selected, and their methodologies were replicated using MDClone Platform to generate five synthetic datasets for each. These datasets were assessed for inter-variability and compared against the original study results.
Results
Findings from synthetic data consistently matched outcomes from both original articles. Reported findings, demographic trends and survival outcomes showed significant similarity (P < 0.05) with synthetic datasets. Moreover, synthetic data produced consistent results across multiple datasets.
Conclusion
Integrating synthetic data into clinical research offers excellent potential for providing accurate predictive insights without compromising patient privacy. In neuro-oncology, where data fragmentation and patient follow-up pose significant challenges, the adoption of synthetic datasets can be transformative.