bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The harmful effects of overlooking acute bacterial prostatitis
Authors: Yang Youngmin , Shigemura Katsumi , Maeda Koki , Moriwaki Michika , Chen Kuan‐Chou , Nakano Yuzo , Fujisawa Masato 
Published: January 2024

AbstractProstatitis is a major urological disease affecting 25%–50% of men over their lifetime. However, prostatitis is often overlooked in nonurologic departments due to its sometimes indeterminate symptoms. In this review, we describe how to recognize and treat acute bacterial prostatitis, which manifests as a clinical problem in other departments as well as urology, to help prevent this disease from being overlooked. There are several possible negative effects of not recognizing acute bacterial prostatitis (ABP). First, initial treatment can fail. In the hyperacute phase, common antibiotics are often effective, but in rare cases, such antibiotics may not be effective. In addition, once ABP progresses to form a prostate abscess, potentially avoidable surgical interventions are often needed. A second issue is the transition to chronic prostatitis. If chronic bacterial prostatitis progresses, treatment requires long‐term antibiotic administration and the response rate is not high. Some patients may have to deal with urinary tract infections for the rest of their lives. Finally, there is the problem of overlooking the underlying disease. ABP is rare in healthy adult men without underlying disease, including sexually transmitted diseases as well as benign prostatic hyperplasia, urinary stones, and malignant tumors, and may not be obvious. When examining patients with fever of unknown origin, it is necessary to exclude not only infectious diseases but also collagen diseases and malignant tumors. If there are any doubts, we recommend a rectal exam and consultation with a urologist.
Prognostic outcomes in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma receiving second‐line treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitor following first‐line immune‐oncology combination therapy
Authors: Matsushita Yuto , Kojima Takahiro , Osawa Takahiro , Sazuka Tomokazu , Hatakeyama Shingo , Goto Keisuke , Numakura Kazuyuki , Yamana Kazutoshi , Kandori Shuya , Fujita Kazutoshi , Ueda Kosuke , Tanaka Hajime , Tomida Ryotaro , Kurahashi Toshifumi , Bando Yukari , Nishiyama Naotaka , Kimura Takahiro , Yamashita Shimpei , Kitamura Hiroshi , Miyake Hideaki ,   the Japanese Urological Oncology Group
Published: January 2024

ObjectivesThis study aimed to assess the prognostic outcomes in mRCC patients receiving second‐line TKI following first‐line IO combination therapy.MethodsThis study retrospectively included 243 mRCC patients receiving second‐line TKI after first‐line IO combination therapy: nivolumab plus ipilimumab (n = 189, IO–IO group) and either pembrolizumab plus axitinib or avelumab plus axitinib (n = 54, IO–TKI group). Oncological outcomes between the two groups were compared, and prognostication systems were developed for these patients.ResultsIn the IO–IO and IO–TKI groups, the objective response rates to second‐line TKI were 34.4% and 25.9% (p = 0.26), the median PFS periods were 9.7 and 7.1 months (p = 0.79), and the median OS periods after the introduction of second‐line TKI were 23.1 and 33.5 months (p = 0.93), respectively. Among the several factors examined, non‐CCRCC, high CRP, and low albumin levels were identified as independent predictors of both poor PFS and OS by multivariate analyses. It was possible to precisely classify the patients into 3 risk groups regarding both PFS and OS according to the positive numbers of the independent prognostic factors. Furthermore, the c‐indices of this study were superior to those of previous systems as follows: 0.75, 0.64, and 0.61 for PFS prediction and 0.76, 0.70, and 0.65 for OS prediction by the present, IMDC, and MSKCC systems, respectively.ConclusionsThere were no significant differences in the prognostic outcomes after introducing second‐line TKI between the IO–IO and IO–TKI groups, and the histopathology, CRP and albumin levels had independent impacts on the prognosis in mRCC patients receiving second‐line TKI, irrespective of first‐line IO combination therapies.
Defining desired genetic gains for Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) breeding objective using participatory approaches
Authors: Rahbar Mina , Safari Roghieh , Perez‐Rostro Carlos I. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe objective of this study was to define desired genetic gains from economically important traits of Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) using participatory approaches. Two questionnaires were sent out to 100 Pacific white shrimp farmers in all five Iranian shrimp farming provinces. Questionnaire A (Q‐A) includes management factors and farming environments. Moreover, in this questionnaire, farmers were asked to rank the fourth most important traits in shrimp among 10 economic traits in the list for genetic improvement. In questionnaire B (Q‐B), priorities of the four traits with the highest value were obtained using pairwise comparison. The results showed that the four most important traits were white spot syndrome virus resistance (WSSV), growth rate before 4 months (GR), acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease resistance (AHPND), and female total weight at ablation (FTW). Medians of the best individual preference values were WSSV (0.222), GR (0.173), AHPND (0.157), and FTW (0.053). Most disagreements were found between the social group preference values in the commercial products and water salinity categories. Desired genetic gains were 1.71%, 1.57%, 0.53% and 0.31% for GR, AHPND, WSSV and FTW, respectively. This study highlighted that despite environmental and management differences, participatory approaches can achieve desired genetic results for Pacific white shrimp breeding programme.
LINC00707 impairs the Natural Killer cell antitumour activity in hepatocellular carcinoma through decreasing YTHDF2 stability
Authors: Wei Mingwei , Lu Libai , Ma Jiasheng , Luo Zongjiang , Tan Xijuan , Wang Jianchu 
Published: January 2024

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most frequently diagnosed cancer and ranks third in cancer‐related fatalities. The recognized involvement of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in several cancer types, including HCC, inspired this study to explore a novel lncRNA's functional importance in the progression of HCC. To achieve this, lncRNA microarray analysis was conducted on three distinct sets of HCC tissues, revealing LINC00707 as the most significantly upregulated lncRNA. Further research into its biological functions has revealed that LINC00707 acts as an oncogene, driving HCC progression by enhancing the proliferation, migration and invasion of HCC cells. Mechanistic insights were provided, demonstrating that LINC00707 interacts with YTH N6‐methyladenosine RNA‐binding protein 2 (YTHDF2), thus facilitating the ubiquitination‐dependent degradation of the YTHDF2 protein. Furthermore, LINC00707 was found to influence the cytotoxicity of NK‐92MI cells against HCC cells through its interactions with YTHDF2. These findings significantly contribute to a deeper understanding of the role played by LINC00707 in the progression of HCC.
Mendelian‐randomization study revealed causal relationship between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and osteoporosis/fractures
Authors: Pei Xiong , Jiang Wei , Li Lianchi , Zeng Qingmin , Liu Chang‐Hai , Wang Ming , Chen Enqiang , Zhou Taoyou , Tang Hong , Wu Dongbo 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundPatients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are reported to have a higher risk of osteoporosis/fractures; however, the causal relationship remains unclear.MethodsPublicly available genome‐wide association studies (GWASs) were used for Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. GWASs of NAFLD and fractures were obtained from the FinnGen Consortium. GWASs of bone mineral density (BMD) were derived from a meta‐analysis. GWASs of obesity, diabetes, liver function, and serum lipid‐related metrics were used to clarify whether the accompanying NAFLD symptoms contributed to fractures. Moreover, two additional GWASs of NAFLD were applied.ResultsA causal association was not observed between NAFLD and BMD using GWASs from the FinnGen Consortium. However, a causal relationship between NAFLD and femoral neck‐BMD (FN‐BMD), a suggestive relationship between fibrosis and FN‐BMD, and between NAFLD and osteoporosis were identified in replication GWASs. Genetically proxied body mass index (BMI), high‐density lipoprotein (HDL), and hip circumference increased the likelihood of lower limb fractures. The waist‐to‐hip ratio decreased, whereas glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C) and homeostasis model assessment of β‐cell function (HOMA‐B) increased the risk of forearm fractures. Low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) reduced, whereas HbA1C increased the incidence of femoral fractures. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) raised the risk of foot fractures. However, after a multivariate MR analysis (adjusted for BMI), all the relationships became insignificant.ConclusionsNAFLD caused reduced BMD, and genetically predicted HDL, LDL, HbA1C, HOMA‐B, ALP, hip circumference, and waist‐to‐hip ratio causally increased the risk of fractures. BMI may mediate causal relationships. Larger GWASs are required to verify this finding.
Circulating leptin in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease‐related liver fibrosis: a systematic review and a meta‐analysis
Authors: Makri Evangelia S. , Evripidou Kleo , Polyzos Stergios A. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackground and AimClinical data on the association between leptin levels and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)‐related liver fibrosis are conflicting. This meta‐analysis aimed to compare circulating leptin between NAFLD patients with versus without liver fibrosis or non‐NAFLD controls.MethodsA systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library. Fifteen studies were included, reporting data from 964 individuals (422 NAFLD patients with fibrosis, 297 NAFLD patients without fibrosis, 245 no‐NAFLD controls).ResultsLeptin standardized mean difference (SMD) was higher in NAFLD patients with fibrosis (F1–F4) than in controls (SMD: 2.27; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.81–3.73); however, this association did not remain robust after the exclusion of studies with morbidly obese individuals. No difference was observed in leptin SMD between NAFLD patients with fibrosis and those without fibrosis (F0), and NAFLD patients without fibrosis versus controls. Heterogeneity was high (I2: 66–98%) among studies. Meta‐regression analysis revealed a positive association of leptin SMD with homeostasis model assessment‐insulin resistance, when comparing NAFLD patients with fibrosis versus NAFLD patients without fibrosis (beta: 0.53; 95% CI: 0.04–1.03), and a negative association of leptin SMD with age, when comparing NAFLD patients with fibrosis versus controls (beta: −0.29; 95% CI: −0.53 to −0.05).ConclusionCirculating leptin was higher in NAFLD patients with liver fibrosis than non‐NAFLD controls, an association, however, attenuated after the exclusion of a study with morbidly obese individuals. Circulating leptin was not different between NAFLD patients with and without fibrosis, or NAFLD patients without fibrosis and controls.
Interactions that support older inpatients with cognitive impairments to engage with falls prevention in hospitals: An ethnographic study
Authors: Mcvey Lynn , Alvarado Natasha , Zaman Hadar , Healey Frances , Todd Chris , Issa Basma , Woodcock David , Dowding Dawn , Hardiker Nicholas R. , Lynch Alison , Davison Eva , Frost Tina , Abdulkader Jamil , Randell Rebecca 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAimsTo explore the nature of interactions that enable older inpatients with cognitive impairments to engage with hospital staff on falls prevention.DesignEthnographic study.MethodsEthnographic observations on orthopaedic and older person wards in English hospitals (251.25 h) and semi‐structured qualitative interviews with 50 staff, 28 patients and three carers. Findings were analysed using a framework approach.ResultsInteractions were often informal and personalised. Staff qualities that supported engagement in falls prevention included the ability to empathise and negotiate, taking patient perspectives into account. Although registered nurses had limited time for this, families/carers and other staff, including engagement workers, did so and passed information to nurses.ConclusionsSome older inpatients with cognitive impairments engaged with staff on falls prevention. Engagement enabled them to express their needs and collaborate, to an extent, on falls prevention activities. To support this, we recommend wider adoption in hospitals of engagement workers and developing the relational skills that underpin engagement in training programmes for patient‐facing staff.Implications for Profession and Patient CareInteractions that support cognitively impaired inpatients to engage in falls prevention can involve not only nurses, but also families/carers and non‐nursing staff, with potential to reduce pressures on busy nurses and improve patient safety.Reporting MethodThe paper adheres to EQUATOR guidelines, Standards for Reporting Qualitative Research.Patient or Public ContributionPatient/public contributors were involved in study design, evaluation and data analysis. They co‐authored this manuscript.
Evaluating the sensory properties of hybrid (meat and plant‐based) burger patties
Authors: Chin Shu Wei , Baier Stefan K. , Stokes Jason R. , Smyth Heather E. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractConsumer interest in alternative plant‐based foods is growing, including products where plant proteins are isolated and reformulated to mimic meat. This study aims to investigate the fundamental changes in sensorial (textural) properties between meat and plant proteins using a hybrid protein burger matrix. Burger patties were used as a model, prepared with a range of protein composition (beef: plant‐based protein; 100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75, and 0:100) with identical added fat (17%) and at two salt (0 and 0.6%) contents. Conventional sensory descriptive profiling elicited 21 sensory attributes and profiles of samples were obtained to explore relationship(s) with composition. Early‐stage oral processing texture attributes were well‐differentiated across the sample space, while less discrimination was observed across samples for latter stage mastication texture attributes. Animal meat content increased scores for saltiness and flavor intensity indicating that plant‐based meat analogues require a higher salt content to achieve similar levels of salt and flavor perception. These findings provide key insights into the impact of meat and/or plant‐based protein composition on sensory properties in a hybrid burger patty model system. Future work should consider the mechanical properties of such products with the objective of finetuning ingredients and processing to obtain meat analogues with desirable sensorial attributes.
Prothrombin time predicts steroid response in severe alcohol‐related hepatitis
Authors: Tarli Claudia , Mannucci Sergio , Vecchione Michele , Antonelli Mariangela , Sestito Luisa , Mancarella Francesco Antonio , Tosoni Alberto , Dionisi Tommaso , Maccauro Valeria , Sario Giovanna Di , Burra Patrizia , Germani Giacomo , Gasbarrini Antonio , Addolorato Giovanni 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackground and AimsAlcohol‐related hepatitis (AH) is the most severe form of acute alcohol‐related liver disease. Maddrey's discriminant function ≥32 defines the severe form of AH, which is associated with a high mortality. Steroid therapy represents the main medical treatment that may reduce short‐term mortality. Lille score at day 7 assesses the therapeutic response to steroid therapy. At present, no parameters able to predict the response to steroid therapy have been highlighted. The aim of the present study was to evaluate if baseline prothrombin time (BPT) could predict the response to steroid in severe AH (sAH).MethodsPatients consecutively admitted in two Italian Liver Units, from 2017 to 2022, suffering from sAH were included. Data were collected prospectively. In order to evaluate if BPT could predict steroid response, we assessed the correlation between BPT using the Lille score at day 7.ResultsA total of 52 patients received steroid treatment were enrolled in the study. The response to therapy was assessed by Lille score at day 7. Responders were 34 patients (65%), non‐responders 18 patients (34%). BPT significantly predicted the steroid response (p < .001). The likelihood of not responding to the steroid therapy was significantly higher in patients with higher BPT (OR = 2.954).ConclusionsBPT value predicted steroid response in patients with sAH. BPT could quickly identify non‐responder patients to steroid therapy, reducing the risk of infections and it could allow the early evaluation for liver transplantation.
Multimetric socio‐ecological assessment of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes (Mart) solms) invasion of an urban Ramsar wetland lake
Authors: Wijeyaratne W. M. Dimuthu Nilmini , Liyanage Uditha Prabhath 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWater hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes (Mart) solms), a widely distributed invasive aquatic plant in Sri Lanka, has invaded the Diyawannawa wetland lake located in Colombo city, which is the first Ramsar wetland city in South Asia. The present study was conducted to assess the water quality parameters that influence the distribution of water hyacinth and to identify the environmental, economic, and social consequences of its invasion of the Diyawannawa wetland. Five sampling sites were selected from the Diyawannawa lake, and the water pH, temperature, conductivity, total dissolved solids (TDS), salinity, dissolved oxygen concentration (DO), nitrate concentration, and total phosphorus concentration were measured at monthly intervals in the rainy and dry seasons of 2020. The abundance of water hyacinth was recorded at each site at each sampling event. Interviews and focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted with the representatives of the community associated with the wetland to assess the ecological, economic and social effects of water hyacinth invasion. Principal component analysis of the water quality parameters revealed that phosphorus and nitrate concentrations in water significantly influenced the abundance of water hyacinth. Further, the water quality index (WQI) indicated poor water quality in the sites invaded by water hyacinth. The interviews and FGDs revealed that water hyacinth invasion has adversely affected the lake's fisheries and navigation pathways and increased the frequency of flooding, resulting in an increased mosquito population. The results of the present study highlighted the importance of implementing water quality management programmes in the Diyawannawa wetland to control the invasion of water hyacinth. Further, we recommend increasing community participation in water hyacinth control programmes and providing opportunities for the community to engage in self‐employment activities associated with the uses of water hyacinth.
High‐Speed Centrifugation Efficiently Removes Immunogenic Elements in Osteochondral Allografts
Authors: Ma Yongsheng , Lin Qitai , Yang Wenming , Liu Yang , Xing Yugang , Ren Zhiyuan , Wang Xueding , Zhou Raorao , Wu Gaige , Li Pengcui , Duan Wangping , Zhang Xiaoling , Wei Xiaochun 
Published: January 2024

ObjectivesThe current clinical pulse lavage technique for flushing fresh osteochondral allografts (OCAs) to remove immunogenic elements from the subchondral bone is ineffective. This study aimed to identify the optimal method for removing immunogenic elements from OCAs.MethodsWe examined five methods for the physical removal of immunogenic elements from OCAs from the femoral condyle of porcine knees. We distributed the OCAs randomly into the following seven groups: (1) control, (2) saline, (3) ultrasound, (4) vortex vibration (VV), (5) low‐pulse lavage (LPL), (6) high‐pulse lavage (HPL), and (7) high‐speed centrifugation (HSC). OCAs were evaluated using weight measurement, micro‐computed tomography (micro‐CT), macroscopic and histological evaluation, DNA quantification, and chondrocyte activity testing. Additionally, the subchondral bone was zoned to assess the bone marrow and nucleated cell contents. One‐way ANOVA and paired two‐tailed Student's t‐test are used for statistical analysis.ResultsHistological evaluation and DNA quantification showed no significant reduction in marrow elements compared to the control group after the OCAs were treated with saline, ultrasound, or VV treatments; however, there was a significant reduction in marrow elements after LPL, HPL, and HSC treatments. Furthermore, HSC more effectively reduced the marrow elements of OCAs in the middle and deep zones compared with LPL (p < 0.0001) and HPL (p < 0.0001). Macroscopic evaluation revealed a significant reduction in blood, lipid, and marrow elements in the subchondral bone after HSC. Micro‐CT, histological analyses, and chondrocyte viability results showed that HSC did not damage the subchondral bone and cartilage; however, LPL and HPL may damage the subchondral bone.ConclusionHSC may play an important role in decreasing immunogenicity and therefore potentially increasing the success of OCA transplantation.
Risk Index Predicts Pediatric Heart Allograft Non‐Utilization
Authors: Lynn Jake , Malik Tahir , Montgomery Ashley , Lang Anna , Shamapant Nikhil , Miggins John , Kamepalli Spoorthi , Goss John , Rana Abbas 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundChildren listed for heart transplantation face the highest waitlist mortality among all solid organ transplant patients (14%). Attempts at decreasing donor allograft non‐utilization (41.5%) could potentially decrease waitlist mortality for pediatric heart transplant patients. Our aim was to quantify the non‐utilization risk of pediatric donor heart allografts at the time of initial offering.MethodsUsing the United Network of Organ Sharing (UNOS) database, we retrospectively analyzed 8823 deceased donors (≤18 years old) data through univariable and multivariable analysis and logistic regression models. These factors were divided into a training (n = 5882) and validation set (n = 2941). Donor clinical characteristics and laboratory values were used to predict non‐utilization of donor hearts. The multivariable analysis used factors that were significant from the univariable analysis (p‐value < .05), and the pediatric non‐utilization risk index (pDRSI) included significant factors from the multivariable analysis, producing an overall risk score for non‐utilization. With these data, we created a non‐utilization risk index to predict likelihood of donor allograft non‐utilization.ResultsFrom the 24 potential factors that were identified from univariable analysis, 17 were significant predictors (p < .05) of pediatric heart non‐utilization in the multivariable analysis. Low left ventricular ejection fraction (odds ratio (OR)‐35.3), hepatitis C positive donor (OR‐23.3), high left ventricular ejection fraction (OR‐3.29), and hepatitis B positive donor (OR‐3.27) were the most significant risk factors. The phDSRI has a C‐statistic of 0.80 for the training set and 0.80 for the validation set.ConclusionUsing over 8000 donors, the phDSRI uses 17 significant risk factors to predict risk of pediatric heart donor allograft non‐utilization.