bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of various forms of the C1 esterase inhibitor (C1‐INH) and DAF on complement mediated xenogeneic cell lysis
Authors: Fukuta Daisuke , Miyagawa Shuji , Yamada Mako , Matsunami Katsuyoshi , Kurihara Takashi , Shirasu Akio , Hattori Hiroyuki , Shirakura Ryota 
Published: March 2003

Fukuta D, Miyagawa S, Yamada M, Matsunami K, Kurihara T, Shirasu A, Hattori H, Shirakura R. Effect of various forms of the C1 esterase inhibitor (C1‐INH) and DAF on complement mediated xenogeneic cell lysis. Xenotransplantation 2003; 10: 132–141. © Blackwell Munksgaard, 2003The purpose of the present study was to assess the effect of various forms of the surface‐bound form of the C1 esterase inhibitor (C1‐INH‐PI) and decay accelerating factor (DAF) on xenogenic cells. cDNAs of various deletion mutants of the C1‐INH‐PI, such as delta‐1‐99 amino acid (AA), delta‐108‐183AA loop, delta‐whole loop, delta‐exon5, delta‐exon6 + 7, and delta‐exon5 + 6 + 7, and that of DAF, the delta‐short consensus repeat (SCR) 1‐DAF were established. While all deletion mutants of C1‐INH‐PI except the delta‐1‐99AA were expressed in the cytoplasm but not on the cell surface, the delta‐1‐99AA was clearly expressed on the xenogeneic cell surface. Amelioration of complement‐mediated xenogeneic cell lysis by delta‐1‐99AA was next tested, and compared with delta‐SCR1 DAF. Both molecules blocked human complement‐mediated cell lysis by approximately 57 to 90 and 93 to 98%, respectively, in Chinese hamster ovarian tumor (CHO) cells and pig endothelial cells (PECs). The CHO cell transfectants were incubated with 20% normal human serum, and the amounts of C4 and C3 deposition on the cell surface were analysed by flow cytometry. The DAF transfectant showed a large amount of C4‐deposition and much less C3‐deposition than the controls (approximately 85% suppression), whereas the delta‐1‐99AA showed approximately a 40% suppression in both C4‐ and C3‐deposition. Consequently, both the delta‐1‐99AA C1‐INH‐PI and delta‐SCR1 DAF molecules are quite effective in down‐regulating the xenogeneic cell lysis, but accomplished this in different manners.
The role of intrahepatic lymphocytes in mediating protective immunity induced by attenuated Plasmodium berghei sporozoites
Authors: Krzych Urszula , Schwenk Robert , Guebre‐Xabier Mimi , Sun Peifang , Palmer Dupeh , White Katherine , Chalom Isaac 
Published: March 2003

Summary: Exposure to irradiated Plasmodium sporozoites (g‐spz) results in protection against malaria. Like infectious spz, g‐spz colonize hepatocytes to undergo maturation. Disruption of liver stage development prevents the generation of protection, which appears, therefore, to depend on liver stage antigens. Although some mechanisms of protection have been identified, they do not include a role for intrahepatic mononuclear cells (IHMC). We demonstrated that P. berghei g‐spz‐immune murine IHMC adoptively transfer protection to naive recipients. Characterization of intrahepatic CD4+ T cells revealed an immediate, albeit transient, response to g‐spz, while the response of CD8+ T cells is delayed until acquisition of protection. It is presumed that activated CD8+ T cells home to the liver to die; g‐spz‐induced CD8+CD45RBloCD44hi T cells, however, persist in the liver, but not the spleen, during protracted protection. The association between CD8+CD45RBloCD44hi T cells and protection has been verified using MHC class I and CD1 knockout mice and mice with disrupted liver stage parasites. Based on kinetic studies, we propose that interferon‐g, presumably released by intrahepatic effector CD8+ T cells, mediates protection; the persistence of CD8+ T cells is, in turn, linked to Plasmodium antigen depots and cytokines released by CD4+ T cells and/or NK T cells.
A less‐invasive approach with orthodontic treatment in Beckwith–Wiedeman patients
Authors: Giancotti A , Romanini G , Girolamo R Di , Arcuri C 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe Beckwith–Wiedeman syndrome (BWS) is a rare genetic disorder, linked to an alteration on the short arm of chromosome 11 that comprises multiple congenital anomalies. Macroglossia is the predominant finding, with subsequent protrusion of dentoalveolar structures, which results in a protruding mandible, anterior open bite, abnormally obtuse gonial angle and increased mandibular length. A less‐invasive treatment with orthopaedic appliances in a patient with early tongue reduction is presented. This work summarizes the oral signs linked to macroglossia, and highlights the influence of macroglossia on mandibular growth structures. In our opinion, glossotomy could be carried out in the paediatric patient as a preventive measure in that it curbs the tongue's influence on skeletal growth and dramatically reduces the duration and extensiveness of subsequent treatment.
Structural basis of MHC class I recognition by natural killer cell receptors
Authors: Sawicki Mark W. , Dimasi Nazzareno , Natarajan Kannan , Wang Jian , Margulies David H. , Mariuzza Roy A. 
Published: March 2003

Summary: Natural killer (NK)‐cell function is regulated by NK receptors that recognize MHC class I (MHC‐I) molecules on target cells. Two structurally distinct families of NK receptors have been identified, the immunoglobulin‐like family (killer cell immunoglobulin‐like receptors (KIRs), leukocyte immunoglobulin‐like receptors (LIRs)) and the C‐type lectin‐like family (Ly49, CD94/NKG2A, NKG2D, CD69). Recently, the three‐dimensional structures of several NK receptors were determined, in free form or bound to MHC‐I. These include those of unbound KIRs, NKG2D, CD69, LIR‐1 and the CD94 subunit of the CD94/NKG2A heterodimer. Together, these structures define the basic molecular architecture of both the immunoglobulin‐like and C‐type lectin‐like families of NK receptors. In addition, crystal structures have been reported for the complex between Ly49A and H‐2Dd, and for KIR2DL2 bound to HLA‐Cw3. The complex structures provide a framework for understanding MHC‐I recognition by NK receptors from both families and reveal striking differences in the nature of this recognition, despite the receptors’ functional similarity.This research was supported, in part, by National Institutes of Health grants R01 AI47900 and R37 36900 (RAM) and a fellowship from the Cancer Research Institute (MWS). We are grateful to DW Wolan and IA Wilson for providing coordinates of NKG2D prior to publication, and to members of our laboratories for encouragement.
Novel immune‐type receptor genes
Authors: Litman Gary W. , Hawke Noel A. , Yoder Jeffrey A. 
Published: March 2003

Summary: Novel immune‐type receptor (NITR) genes, which initially were identified in the Southern pufferfish (Spheroides nephelus), encode products which consist of an extracellular variable (V) and V‐like C2 (V/C2) domain, a transmembrane region, and a cytoplasmic tail, which typically possesses an immunoreceptor tyrosine‐based inhibition motif (ITIM). Multiple NITR genes have been identified in close, contiguous chromosomal linkage. The V regions of NITRs resemble prototypic forms defined for immunoglobulin (Ig) and T‐cell antigen receptor (TCR), are present in multiple families and exhibit regionalized variation in sequence, which also occurs in Ig and TCR. Comparisons of exons encoding transmembrane and cytoplasmic regions of multiple NITRs suggest that exon shuffling has factored in the diversification of the NITR gene complex. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) NITRs exhibit many of these characteristics. NITRs that have been identified in additional species of bony fish demonstrate additional variation in the number of extracellular domains as well as in the presence of intramembranous charged residues, cytoplasmic tails and ITIMs. The presence in NITRs of V regions that are related closely to those found in Ig and TCR, as well as regulatory motifs and other structural features that are characteristic of immune inhibitory receptors encoded at the leukocyte receptor cluster, suggests that the NITRs are representative of an integral stage in the evolution of innate and adaptive immune function.This research was supported by grants AI23338 to GWL and GM20231 to JAY from the National Institutes of Health as well as a grant from The Pediatric Cancer Foundation, Inc. to GWL.
Arthritis induced in rats with non‐immunogenic adjuvants as models for rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Holmdahl Rikard , Lorentzen Johnny C. , Lu Shemin , Olofsson Peter , Wester Lena , Holmberg Jens , Pettersson Ulf 
Published: March 2003

Summary: Rat models are useful for studies of the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) since rats are extraordinarily sensitive to induction of arthritis with adjuvants. Injection of not only the classical complete Freund's adjuvant but also mineral oil without mycobacteria and pure adjuvants such as pristane and squalene, induce severe arthritis in many rat strains. Models like pristane‐induced arthritis in rats are optimal models for RA since they fulfill the RA criteria including a chronic relapsing disease course. Arthritogenic adjuvants like pristane, avridine, squalene and mineral oil are not immunogenic since they do not contain major histocompatibility complex (MHC) binding peptides. Nevertheless, the diseases are MHC‐associated and dependent on the activation of αβTCR (T‐cell receptor)‐expressing T cells. However, it has not been possible to link the immune response to joint antigens or other endogenous components although immunization with various cartilage proteins induce arthritis but with different pathogeneses. To unravel the mechanisms behind adjuvant‐induced arthritis, a disease‐oriented genetic approach is optimal. Several loci that control onset of arthritis, severity and chronicity of the disease have been identified in genetic crosses and most of these have been confirmed in congenic strains. In addition, many of these loci are found in other autoimmune models in the rat as well as associated with arthritis in mice and humans.
Fas ligand expressing mononuclear cells around intrahepatic bile ducts co‐express CD68 in primary biliary cirrhosis
Authors: Iwata Mitsuhiro , Harada Kenichi , Hiramatsu Katsushi , Tsuneyama Kouichi , Kaneko Shuichi , Kobayashi Kenichi , Nakanuma Yasuni 
Published: March 2003

Abstract: Aims/Background: Apoptosis, including the Fas system, has been implicated in progressive bile duct loss in primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC). In this study, we attempted to analyze Fas ligand (FasL) expressing mononuclear cells infiltrating in the portal tracts of PBC. Methods: We immunohistochemically assessed co‐expression of leukocyte markers and FasL on infiltrating mononuclear cells in 18 patients with PBC. Twenty‐five patients with chronic hepatitis C (CH‐C) were used as controls. Results: In PBC, FasL expressing cells were scattered in the portal tracts,and some were accentuated around the damaged bile ducts. In addition, these cells co‐expressed CD68 (71%), a marker of monocytes, but not UCHL‐1, CD3 and CD57, markers of activated T cells and natural killer cells. By contrast, in CH‐C, the biliocentric pattern of FasL expression was not evident, and about half of FasL expressing cells (42–56%) co‐expressed UCHL‐1, CD3 or CD57. CD14, a receptor for bacterial products such as lipopolysaccharides, was also detected on a proportion of FasL expressing mononuclear cells around the damaged bile ducts in PBC. Conclusion: The results suggest that in PBC, FasL expressing CD68+ monocytes are at least partly involved in apoptotic bile duct loss mediated by the Fas system, and a surface molecule, CD14, participates in this process.
Histological patterns of rejection using oral microemulsified cyclosporine and tacrolimus (FK506) as monotherapy induction after orthotopic liver transplantation
Authors: Chau Tai Nin , Quaglia Alberto , Rolles Keith , Burroughs Andrew Kenneth , Dhillon Amar Paul 
Published: March 2003

Abstract: Background/Aims: We describe the histological patterns of rejection in liver transplant recipients using induction therapies with cyclosporine and tacrolimus monotherapy compared with standard triple therapy as historical control. Methods: Patients formed part of the initial cohort in an open‐labelled, randomised pilot study and were selected consecutively if they had histological rejection and no other confounding diagnoses. There were 13 patients in the cyclosporine monotherapy group (CsA), 11 in the tacrolimus monotherapy group and 13 in the triple therapy group (CAP). The histology of liver biopsies was reassessed blindly and the severity of rejection was recorded. Results: The total Royal Free Hospital (RFH) rejection scores as well as other histological features (zone 3 haemorrhage, apoptosis in zones 1 and 3, steatosis, cholestasis, nuclear vacuolation, lymphoblasts and ballooning) were comparable in the three groups. There was no difference in individual components of the histological features comprising the diagnosis of rejection, except that the portal inflammation score was significantly lower in the tacrolimus group when compared with the CsA group (p=0.04). There was no significant difference in the number of patients with moderate/severe rejection between the three groups. Overall, there was no significant increase in histological severity of rejection in the monotherapy groups. Conclusions: The results suggest that the monotherapy may be as effective as the triple therapy in the initial post‐transplant phase and that no particular graft histological changes were associated with the type of treatment.
Oral Candida in HIV‐infected heterosexuals and intravenous drug users in Thailand
Authors: Nittayananta Wipawee , Jealae Sureerath , Winn Than 
Published: March 2003

Abstract:The objectives of this study were to determine levels of oral yeasts in Thai people at different stages of HIV infection compared with HIV‐negative controls, to identify factors associated with the levels of oral Candida, and to determine whether the levels of the organism can be used as a predictive clinical marker in HIV‐infected individuals. One hundred and eighty HIV‐infected heterosexual persons and intravenous drug users (IVDUs) were enrolled (152 men, 28 women). Eighty‐three HIV‐free subjects from the same population were included as controls (48 men, 35 women). Oral yeasts were isolated in 103 HIV‐infected subjects (57.2%) and 36 HIV‐negative controls (43.3%). The mean number of colony forming units (CFU) of oral Candida in the first group was 1.9×104 CFU/ml (range 2.2×102−4.0×106 CFU/ml), which was significantly different statistically when compared with 1.7×103 CFU/ml (range 4.0×102−1.2×105 CFU/ml) in the control group (P=0.0000). The following factors are significantly associated statistically with the levels of oral Candida among the subjects (P<0.05): age, stage of HIV infection, total number of lymphocyte cell count, risk group, nutritional status, general health status, weight loss, type of oral lesions and number of oral lesions and number of sites affected. The study revealed that HIV serostatus, stage of HIV infection, and the occurrence of oral lesions among HIV‐infected subjects may be predicted by the levels of oral Candida (P<0.05). By using a cut‐off point of 2.0×103 CFU/ml, the sensitivity and predicitve values of the level of oral Candida on the HIV serostatus was higher than that based on the culture positivity results alone, although the specificity was similar. These findings suggest that, in conjunction with some other clinical signs and laboratory findings, the levels of oral Candida may be used as a predictive marker of disease in HIV infection.
Mutations of the adenomatous polyposis coli gene in areca quid and tobacco‐associated oral squamous cell carcinomas in Taiwan
Authors: Kok Sang‐Heng , Lee Jang‐Jaer , Hsu Hey‐Chi , Chiang Chun‐Pin , Kuo Ying‐Shiung , Kuo Mark Yen‐Ping 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBackground:  Adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene mutations have been demonstrated not only in colorectal tumors but also in a variety of human cancers.Methods:  To elucidate the possible roles of APC gene mutations in oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs), we examined 40 untreated human primary OSCCs using polymerase chain reaction–single strand conformation polymorphism (PCR–SSCP) and DNA sequencing assays.Results:  By screening nearly one‐half of the coding region (codons 279–1673, including the MCR) of the APC gene, five missense mutations and a 1‐base pair deletion were detected in five (12.5%) tumors, resulting in five amino‐acid substitutions or a truncation of the APC protein. All patients with APC mutations were both areca quid chewers and tobacco smokers (P = 0.049).Conclusions:  These results suggest that APC mutations may also contribute to the carcinogenesis of at least some OSCCs in Taiwan, especially for the users of areca quid and tobacco.
Genetic polymorphism of cytochrome P4501A1 and susceptibility to oral squamous cell carcinoma and oral precancer lesions associated with smoking/betel use
Authors: Kao Shou‐Yen , Wu Cheng‐Hsien , Lin Shu‐Chun , Yap Soon‐Kiong , Chang Che‐Shoa , Wong Yong‐Kie , Chi Lin‐Yang , Liu Tsung‐Yun 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBackground:   The importance of the CYP1A1 polymorphisms at exon 7 (Ile/Val) and 3′‐untranslated region (3′‐UTR) has been controversial in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) or head and neck SCC (HNSCC) denoting the value of exploring the correlation between these polymorphisms and risk of betel/smoking associated OSCC. It is also important to evaluate the association between CYP1A1 polymorphisms and susceptibility of oral precancerous lesion (OPL) to confirm the findings in OSCC cases.Methods:   We examined polymorphic prevalence of CYP1A1 at exon 7 (Ile/Val) and 3′‐UTR in 106 cases with OSCC, 60 cases with OPL, and 146 controls. DNA isolated from surgical specimens and whole blood was used for PCR‐based genotyping.Results:   The prevalence of the CYP1A1 A/G genotype (Ile/Val) and G/G genotype (Val/Val) in exon 7 of cases with OSCC (79.2 and 7.6%) and OPL (68.3 and 10%) were significantly higher than in controls (53.4 and 1.4%) (P < 0.0001). The novelty of the present study is that we identified the onset age of OSCC in CYP1A1 A/G genotype to be significantly younger than that in A/A genotype (P < 0.01). No significant difference was seen between cases and controls regarding the polymorphisms at 3′‐UTR.Conclusion:   The findings indicate that the individuals with the CYP1A1 exon 7 containing G allele were at increased risk for OSCC and OPL.
Expression of RANTES and CCR1 in oral lichen planus and association with mast cell migration
Authors: Zhao Z. Z. , Sugerman P. B. , Walsh L. J. , Savage N. W. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBackground:  T lymphocytes and mast cells infiltrate the lamina propria in oral lichen planus (OLP). Chemokines and their receptors are involved in T cell and mast cell migration and accumulation during the inflammatory process.Methods:  In the present study, we investigated the role of RANTES and its receptors in OLP using immunohistochemistry, RT‐PCR and an in vitro chemotaxis assay.Results:  RANTES and CCR1 were expressed on T cells and mast cells in OLP, while OLP lesional T cell supernatants stimulated CCR1 mRNA expression in a human leukemia mast cell line (HMC‐1). TNF‐α stimulated CCR1, CCR4 and CCR5 mRNA expression in the same cell line. OLP lesional T cell supernatants stimulated HMC‐1 migration, which was partly inhibited by anti‐RANTES antibody.Conclusions:  The present study shows, for the first time, the distribution of RANTES and CCR1 in OLP. It is hypothesized that RANTES and CCR1 may play important roles in mast cell trafficking and related events in OLP.
Involvement of substance P, mast cells, TNF‐α and ICAM‐1 in the infiltration of inflammatory cells in human periapical granulomas
Authors: Kabashima Hiroaki , Nagata Kengo , Maeda Katsumasa , Iijima Tadahiko 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBackground: Substance P (SP), a potent proinflammatory peptide present in sensory neurons, is believed to be a major mediator of neurogenic inflammation. The aim of this study was to examine the localization and involvement of SP, mast cells and tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α)‐positive cells in human periapical granulomas.Methods: Sections from seven periapical granulomas were stained using a variety of immunohistochemical methods.Results: SP‐immunoreactive nerve fibers, mast cells and TNF‐α‐positive cells were found localized in the vicinity of blood vessels in all the samples of periapical granulomas. The vascular endothelial cells stained positively for E‐selectin and intercellular adhesion molecule‐1. SP, TNF‐α‐positive cells and E‐selectin could not be detected in clinically healthy periodontal ligament, and served as a negative control.Conclusion: Our findings suggest that SP, mast cells, TNF‐α‐positive cells and E‐selectin may modulate the pathogenesis of apical periodontitis and may be responsible for stimulating the formation of granuloma with the resorption of periapical bone.
Sebaceous lymphadenoma of the lip: report of a case of minor salivary gland origin
Authors: Maruyama Satoshi , Cheng Jun , Inoue Tatsuo , Takagi Ritsuo , Saku Takashi 
Published: March 2003

AbstractA case of sebaceous lymphadenoma occurring in the lip of a 73‐year‐old female is described. The patient had noticed a painless mass in the region of her upper lip for a year. The surgically removed tumor, measuring about 10 mm in diameter, was located just beneath the lip mucosa, expanding into the submucosal and muscle layer. Histologically, the tumor was well encapsulated and consisted of scattered round‐shaped islands of small squamous epithelial cells with focal but apparent sebaceous differentiation in a background of lymphoid stroma. This is the first case report of sebaceous lymphadenoma of minor salivary gland origin.
Successful treatment of invasive stomatitis due to Exophiala dermatitidis in a patient with acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Myoken Yoshinari , Sugata Tatsumi , Fujita Yoshinori , Kyo Tai‐ichi , Fujihara Megumu , Katsu Masakazu , Mikami Yuzuru 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBackground:  Although the most common orofacial fungal infection in immunocompromised patients is candidosis, infections caused by virulent molds, such as Aspergillus spp. and Furarium spp. are being recognized with increasing frequency. We report a case of oral Exophiala infection in a 39‐year‐old woman with acute myeloid leukemia.Methods:  Clinical records of the patient were reviewed and the following additional information was collected: histological and microbiological evidence; identification of the causative organism; in vitro antifungal susceptibility.Results:  The patient developed a necrotic ulcer surrounded by a violaceous rim in the gingiva during neutropenia. Exophiala dermatitidis was identified as the causative organism by histopathological examination and culture, and finally confirmed by sequencing of the ribosomal DNA internal transcribed space domain. In vitro, amphotericin B was found to show strong activity against the Exophiala isolate while itraconazole showed less activity. The patient was successfully treated with parenteral amphotericin B and oral itraconazole in combination with surgical removal of the fungi focus.Conclusion:  Local excision with adequate antifungal agents can be used to treat immunocompromised patients with Exophiala stomatitis, based on early diagnosis.