bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of glucose solubility and dissolution rate on the kinetics of lipase catalyzed synthesis of glucose laurate in 2‐methyl 2‐butanol
Authors: Flores Maria Victoria , Naraghi Kaynoush , Engasser Jean‐Marc , Halling Peter J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe lipase catalyzed acylation of glucose by dodecanoic acid in 2‐methyl 2‐butanol was studied. The initial reaction rate was strongly dependent on the dissolved glucose concentration in the medium. Several methods were shown to increase dissolved glucose concentrations and initial reaction rates, namely, the use of solid β‐glucose, amorphous solid glucose, and supersaturated glucose solution. Supersaturated glucose solutions in 2‐methyl 2‐butanol showed a high stability even in the presence of solid crystalline glucose. During the reaction, the dissolved glucose concentration falls as the reaction proceeds, before recovering later as more of the excess solid dissolves. However, the ester synthesis rate continues to fall even after glucose concentration reaches its minimum, so glucose dissolution rate limitation is not responsible for the synthesis rate decline. Experiments with added molecular sieves show that the main reason is the accumulation of product water. In the presence of molecular sieves, 70% of glucose was converted to ester, independent of the initial soluble glucose in the medium. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 78: 815–821, 2002.
Unexpectedly enhanced stereoselectivity of peroxidase‐catalyzed sulfoxidation in branched alcohols
Authors: Xie Yuchun , Das Prasanta Kumar , Caaveiro Jose M. M. , Klibanov Alexander M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractLyophilized horseradish peroxidase (HRP) exhibits poor stereoselectivity in the sulfoxidation of thioanisole when the enzyme is either redissolved in water or suspended in organic solvents. However, when HRP is co‐lyophilized in the presence of lyoprotectants or ligands, its stereoselectivity, although still low in most organic solvents, increases up to 4‐fold if assayed in secondary or tertiary alcohols (but not in their linear isomers). A mechanistic hypothesis is presented explaining this puzzling phenomenon on the basis of a model of the active site of the enzyme‐substrate complex derived from its X‐ray crystal structure by means of molecular dynamics and energy minimization. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 79: 105–111, 2002.
Dynamic volume‐averaged model of heat and mass transport within a compost biofilter: I. Model development
Authors: Mysliwiec Mitchell J. , VanderGheynst Jean S. , Rashid Mark M. , Schroeder Edward D. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractSuccessful, long‐term operation of a biofilter system depends on maintaining a suitable biofilm environment within a porous medium reactor. In this article a mathematical study was conducted of the spatial and temporal changes of biofilter performance due to interphase heat and mass transport. The method of volume averaging was used to spatially smooth the three‐phase (solid, liquid, and gas) conservation equations over the biofilter domain. The packing medium was assumed to be inert, removing the solid phase mass continuity equation from the system. The finite element method was used to integrate the resulting nonlinear‐coupled partial differential equations, tracking eight state variables: temperature, water vapor, dry air, liquid water, biofilm, gas and liquid phase organic pollutant, and nutrient densities, through time and space. A multiphase, gas and liquid flow model was adapted to the biofilter model from previous studies of unsaturated groundwater flow. Newton's method accelerated by an LU direct solver was used to iterate the model for solutions. Effects of packing media on performance were investigated to illustrate the utility of the model. The moisture dynamics and nutrient cycling are presented in Part II of this article. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 73: 282–294, 2001.
Strength of mid‐logarithmic and stationary phase Saccharopolyspora erythraea hyphae during a batch fermentation in defined nitrate‐limited medium
Authors: Stocks Stuart M. , Thomas Colin R. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA method for measuring mechanical properties of Saccharopolyspora erythraea is reported with data from a batch fermentation. Briefly, hyphae were glued to the end of a tungsten filament mounted horizontally on a sensitive force transducer. Free ends of hyphae were trapped against a flat surface by a second probe. The force transducer and tungsten filament were then moved at a fixed rate, the hypha were strained, and the force resisting motion recorded. From these data the maximum force resisting motion is taken as the force at which breakage occurs. Hyphae from the mid‐logarithmic phase of a simple batch fermentation on defined medium were found to have a breaking force of 890 ± 160 nN (95% confidence), while stationary phase hyphae were weaker at 580 ± 150 nN. Video recordings of the experiments allowed an approximation of breaking strain, which did not differ significantly between samples at 0.18 ± 0.03. Electron microscopy was used to measure cell wall thickness, cell diameter, and hence cell wall cross‐sectional area. The ultimate tensile strength was estimated to be 24 ± 3 MPa with no difference between the two samples, the lower breaking force of the stationary phase hyphae being attributed to a thinner cell wall. Assuming a linear relationship between stress and strain, the elastic modulus was estimated to be 140 ± 30 MPa. These values are comparable with other structural biological materials such as yeast cell walls and collagen. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 73: 370–378, 2001.
Sol‐gel immobilization of serine proteases for application in organic solvents
Authors: van Unen Dirk‐Jan , Engbersen Johan F. J. , Reinhoudt David N. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe serine proteases α‐chymotrypsin, trypsin, and subtilisin Carlsberg were immobilized in a sol‐gel matrix and the effects on the enzyme activity in organic media are evaluated. The percentage of immobilized enzyme is 90% in the case of α‐chymotrypsin and the resulting specific enzyme activity in the transesterification of N‐acetyl‐L‐phenylalanine ethyl ester with 1‐propanol in cyclohexane is 43 times higher than that of a nonimmobilized lyophilized α‐chymotrypsin. The activities of trypsin and subtilisin Carlsberg are enhanced with 437 and 31 times, respectively. The effect of immobilization on the enzyme activity is highest in hydrophobic solvents. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 75: 154–158, 2001.
Investigation of binding process of chlorpromazine to bovine serum albumin by means of passive and active experiments
Authors: Rukhadze Marina D. , Bezarashvili George S. , Sidamonidze Nino Sh. , Tsagareli Sonya K. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe association process of chlorpromazine with bovine serum albumin by both onefactoral passive and multifactoral active experiments were investigated in model systems. The dependence of absolute concentration of the free fraction of chlorpromazine on the total concentration of chlorpromazine is described by the increasing function, but the dependence of the relative concentration (free/total) on this factor is influenced by external characteristics. The concentrations of chlorpromazine, bovine serum albumin and Tritons' mixture, as principal factors of a multifactoral experiment, influence the absolute and relative values of the free fraction of chlorpromazine non‐additively, ie the interaction of factors is significant. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analysis of the glutathione conjugate of paracetamol in human liver microsomal fraction by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry
Authors: Thatcher Natalie J. , Murray Stephen 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAn assay based on microbore liquid chromatography–positive ion electrospray mass spectrometry with selected ion recording has been developed for the measurement of the glutathione conjugate of paracetamol (acetaminophen) in human hepatic microsomal incubations. A deuterated analogue of the glutathione conjugate was synthesized for use as an internal standard and extraction was carried out on Oasis™ solid phase extraction columns. The limit of quantification of the glutathione conjugate was 10 ng/incubation and the intra‐assay coefficient of variation at this concentration was 6.8%. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Abbreviations used:

ESI

electrosprayionization

NABQI

N‐acetyl‐p‐benzoquinoneimine

SIR

selected ion recording

SRM

selected reaction monitoring.
Validated analysis of fluvastatin in a pharmaceutical capsule formulation and serum by capillary electrophoresis
Authors: Doğrukol‐Ak Dilek , Kırcalı Kevser , Tunçel Muzaffer , Aboul‐Enein Hassan Y. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe capillary electrophoretic behavior and the determination of fluvastatin (FLU) in capsule and serum is described in this study. Method development was conducted in a fused‐silica capillary (L = 86 cm, Leff = 58 cm and 75 µm i.d.) and a background electrolyte consisting of 10 mM borate at pH 8 was used. The separation was performed by current‐controlled system applying 41 µA, detecting at 239 nm and injecting 0.5 s vacuum injection. A good electropherogram and excellent repeatability was obtained. FLU and phenobarbital sodium (internal standard) migrated (with RSD%) at 4.8 (0.3) min and 5.2 (0.6) min, respectively. Limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ) values were found to be 1 × 10−6 M and 2.89 × 10−6 M, respectively. Linearity in the range of 1.03 × 10−5 –5.15 × 10−5 M was examined employing intra‐day and inter‐day studies and well‐correlated calibration equations were obtained. FLU in a capsule (Lescol® 40 mg declared) was found to be 41.9 ± 0.4 mg. Furthermore, FLU was determined in serum applying standard addition technique. Good repeatability and no interference were observed. The method proposed is simple, sensitive, precise and easy to use for the determination of FLU in capsule and serum. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Abbreviations used:

FLU

fluvastatin

HMG‐CoA

hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme
World Wide Web resources for materials science
Authors: Abrate Serge 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe internet makes technical information readily available in ways that were unthinkable a few years ago. This article shows how the World Wide Web (the web) can be used in a Materials Science class to enrich the educational process. Strategies for finding and evaluating information and are discussed. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 9: 238–247, 2001; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com.); DOI 10.1002/cae.10002
Development and evaluation of a computer‐based laboratory teaching tool
Authors: Avouris N. M. , Tselios N. , Tatakis E. C. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractEffective evaluation of educational software is a key issue for successful introduction of advanced tools in the curriculum. This paper focuses on our experience of developing and evaluating a tool for computer‐assisted teaching of engineering laboratory courses. Various categories of educational softwares that can be used for laboratory courses are described. An example of such experimental system is also provided. Finally issues and techniques relating with usability evaluation of instructional software are described with examples of application of these techniques during the design and experimental use of electrical‐machines laboratory educational software. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 9: 8–19, 2001
Power system transient stability analysis software tool for an undergraduate curriculum
Authors: Muknahallipatna S. , Legowski Stanislaw , Ula Sadrul , Kopas Jason 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis paper describes, a technique of the transient stability assessment, known as the Extended Equal Area Criterion (EEAC) as applied to a multimachine power system. The EEAC is implemented using the MATLAB program to provide a software tool with GUI. The software tool of the EEAC is developed to incorporate the transient stability analysis, into an undergraduate curriculum in power engineering. Another criterion for developing this software is to reduce the effort normally associated with the instruction of the complex theory of the transient stability and the use of the software in an undergraduate classroom environment. The results obtained from the MATLAB software on two multimachine power systems are compared with the traditional time domain analysis technique for verification purposes. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 9: 37–48, 2001
Child care practice innovations: using a model of change to develop training strategies
Authors: Horwath Jan 
Published: August 2002

AbstractModernizing health and social services is a major part of the current government agenda in England. As a consequence of this agenda, social workers and their managers are faced with new initiatives designed to increase the effectiveness of social services. Managers and trainers frequently find themselves in a difficult position; they are expected to introduce innovations to a workforce who can feel overwhelmed by the degree and pace of change, and as a consequence some workers can be hostile or resistant to learning about, and working with, new initiatives. This paper describes ways in which a theoretical model of change can be used to analyse likely workforce responses to policy and practice innovations. Based on this analysis, consideration is given to the implications of these responses for training and staff development. The application of the model to the design and delivery of a training strategy is explored: the Framework for the Assessment of Children in Need and Their Families (Department of Health, Department for Education and Employment and The Home Office, 2000) is used as a case example. (This framework is new assessment guidance issued by the Department of Health for use in England.) The paper describes ways in which the model can assist educators promote effective learning and support practitioners and their managers through major change. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
‘Someone to talk to who'll listen’: addressing the psychosocial needs of children and families
Authors: Attride‐Stirling Jennifer , Davis Hilton , Markless Gill , Sclare Irene , Day Crispin 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe paper presents the Lewisham Community Child and Family Service (LCCFS), a community‐based intervention providing psychosocial help for children, young people, parents and families. The service is focused on early intervention, prevention and promotion in the improvement of local health. It works under a service framework based on inter‐agency collaboration, and a counselling model based on community and interpersonal partnerships, grounded in personal construct theory (Kelly, 1955). The policy demands and local need for accessible and acceptable mental health are discussed, and quantitative and qualitative findings of the needs assessment preceding the establishment of the LCCFS are presented, supporting the need for community mental health provision. The feasibility for the LCCFS to reconcile and meet the policy demands and the needs of parents with respect to child psychosocial help and services are discussed. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Four‐dimensional analysis of cyclic changes in coronary artery shape
Authors: Liao Robert , Chen S.‐Y. James , Messenger John C. , Groves Bertron M. , Burchenal J.E.B. , Carroll John D. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe objective of this study was to derive a method for quantifying the dynamic geometry of coronary arteries. Coronary artery geometry plays an important role in atherosclerosis. Coronary artery geometry also influences the performance of coronary interventions. Conversely, implantation of stents may alter coronary artery geometry. Clinical tools to define vessel shape have not been readily available. Using a Frenet‐Serret curvature analysis applied to 3D reconstruction data derived from standard coronary angiograms, 21 coronary arteries were analyzed at end‐diastole (ED) and end‐systole (ES). Vessels were divided anatomically: type 1 consisted of vessels lying in the AV groove (left circumflex, right coronary) and type 2 consisted of vessels overlying actively contracting myocardium (left anterior descending, diagonal, obtuse marginal, right ventricular marginal, posterior descending, posterolateral). Vessel segments were analyzed by assessing the changes in curvature, torsion, and discrete flexion points (FPs), areas of systolic bending in the arterial contour. The curvature from ED to ES of type 1 vessels was unchanged (−0.02 ± 0.03 cm−1), while the curvature change of type 2 vessels showed a 38% increase (0.33 ± 0.04 cm−1; P < 0.001). Type 1 vessels had fewer FPs per vessel than type 2 vessels (0.38 ± 0.18 and 2.40 ± 0.23 FP/vessel, respectively; P < 0.001). FPs were more common in distal segments and branch vessels. A method to quantify cyclic changes in coronary artery shape was applied to 3D data sets derived from standard coronary angiograms. Coronary arteries undergo a cyclic change in shape resulting in changes in overall curvature as well as formation of discrete flexion points. These changes in vessel shape are asymmetrically distributed in coronary arteries. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2002;55:344–354. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Nondominant right coronary artery occlusion and ventricular tachyarrythmias
Authors: Rao Jayasree , Mascarenhas D.A.N. , Schiavone Joseph 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIt is usually considered that occlusion of a nondominant right coronary artery is not associated with significant consequences. We report two cases of nondominant right coronary artery occlusion that presented with sudden cardiac death. Timely intervention resulted in complete resolution of the ventricular arrhythmias. This highlights the need for greater vigilance in the recognition and treatment of these lesions. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2002;56:53–57. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Short‐ and long‐term results of emergency and elective percutaneous interventions on left main coronary artery stenoses
Authors: Sperker Wolfgang , Gyöngyösi Mariann , Kiss Katharina , Glogar Dietmar 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn this prospective study, we analyzed the short‐ and long‐term outcomes of percutaneous interventions on significant left main coronary artery (LM) stenoses. Between January 1998 and June 2000, 18 patients underwent emergency interventions on unprotected LM stenoses (group 1), while 15 patients had elective interventions on protected LM stenoses (group 2). Despite a procedural success of 88.9% in group 1, event‐free in‐hospital and mortality rates were 50.0% and 38.9%. After 6.4 ± 4.4 months of follow‐up, late event‐free survival and mortality rates were 33.3% and 38.9%. In group 2, procedural success was 100%, with 100% event‐free in‐hospital survival; late event‐free survival and mortality rates were 93.3% and 0% after 6.7 ± 4.1 months of follow‐up. Emergency interventions on LM stenoses remain a procedure with high acute and mid‐term mortality. In spite of the high rate of major adverse cardiac events, an acceptable long‐term survival can be achieved. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2002;56:22–29. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Changes in coil morphology following transcatheter coil occlusion of the patent ductus arteriosus using a modified snare technique
Authors: Dobrolet Nancy C. , Ettedgui José A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe observed a decrease in length of the Gianturco coils following transcatheter occlusion of the patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). Coil length was measured on chest radiograph within 24 hr of coil placement and compared to the length at the time of follow‐up. Echocardiograms were also reviewed for evidence of duct recanalization. Twenty‐seven patients met inclusion criteria. The median time to follow‐up was 5 months (1–12 months). Twenty‐four out of 27 (89%) patients had a decrease in coil length by 1.9 ± 1.1 mm (P < 0.01). This was an average decrease of 16%. One patient had an increase in length and two patients had no change in coil length. Nineteen out of 27 patients had echocardiograms. Despite the change in coil length, there was no evidence of flow acceleration in the pulmonary artery or descending aorta. No patients had evidence of duct recanalization. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2001;52:504–509. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparative trial of stent‐like balloon angioplasty versus coronary stenting for acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Eid‐Lidt Guering , Villavicencio‐Fernández Ramón , Ponce‐de‐León‐Rosales Sergio , Gaspar Jorge , Luna‐Guerra Jorge , Ban‐Hayashi Ernesto , Peña‐Duque Marco A. , Martinez‐Rios Marco A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractPrimary PTCA has been shown to be superior to any thrombolytic regimen and offers higher reperfusion rates and better coronary flow grades. Its limitations include recurrent ischemia (10%–15%), infarct‐related artery reocclusion (5%–10%), angiographic restenosis (35%–50%), and need to perform repeat PTCA or CABG at 6‐month follow‐up (20%). Thus, the current role of coronary stenting for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is very promising. From December 1995 through January 1997, 335 patients underwent primary angioplasty during the first 12 hr from symptom onset at our institution. We performed a retrospective study comparing the in‐hospital and 6‐month follow‐up outcome of 61 patients who underwent coronary stenting (stent group) against 61 patients with optimal (residual lesion stenosis < 30%) balloon‐only primary angioplasty (stent‐like group). Patients were routinely treated with aspirin, and ticlopidine was given only to the stent group. In‐hospital major adverse cardiac events (MACE) rate was 11.5% without statistical differences between the groups. Cardiac death rate was similar in both groups (4.9 vs. 6.6%; P = 1.0) and only two (3.3%) patients from the stent group and none from the PTCA group had nonfatal myocardial reinfarction. At 6‐month follow‐up, the rate of recurrent angina was higher in the stent‐like group (30.9 vs. 7.1%; P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that only stenting of the infarct‐related artery was a borderline independent predictor for MACE (OR = 0; 95% CI = 0–1; P = 0.057). Primary stenting for AMI reduces the rate of recurrent angina or symptoms and MACE at 6‐month follow‐up. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2001;53:149–154. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Experimental evaluation of a modified Amplatzer duct occluder
Authors: Kong Huafu , Gu Xiaoping , Bass John L. , Titus Jack , Urness Myra , Kim Tae‐Hoon , Hunter David W. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to evaluate a new device specifically designed for patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) occlusion based on PDA anatomy. Percutaneous closure of aortopulmonary shunts was attempted in 10 dogs. Shunts were surgically created in the location and orientation of PDA. The occlusion prosthesis consisted of a cylindrical frame filled with polyester and a 32° angled retention disk. The delivery system of the device included a 6 Fr thin‐walled Teflon introducing sheath, an antirotating delivery catheter, and cable. Complete occlusion of the shunt was obtained in nine animals. One animal died before device placement. Temporary hemolysis occurred in one dog after device placement. The disk of device was completely covered by smooth glistening neoendothelium at 1–3 months postmortem examination. None of the devices protruded into the lumen of the aorta. The device is an improvement over the standard Amplatzer duct occluder. The angled retention disk lies flatly against the aortic wall, avoiding turbulence or an aortic pressure gradient. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2001;53:571–576. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.