bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Assessment of Public Experiences and Expectations with Physicians: A Cross Sectional Study from Karachi, Pakistan
Authors: Irshad Hammad Atif , Mahar Muhammad Umar , Jahangir Arshia , Aamir Syed Roohan , Jamil Muhammad Abdullah , Ahsan Khizer , Taufiq Maliha , Ahmed Abdullah , Golani Shilpa , Amir Sehba , Kakar Wasila Gul , Ali Abida , Nafees Asaad Ahmed 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background: Although physicians are highly regarded members of society, patients are not always satisfied with their care, suggesting a mismatch between the public’s expectations and reality. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine the public’s expectations regarding roles and responsibilities of a physician, to assess patient experiences, and to evaluate factors associated with the two outcomes.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted via face-to-face structured interviews from July 14th to August 2nd, 2023, in Karachi, Pakistan. 424 consenting adults were approached and enrolled by visiting public spaces (malls, parks, hospitals, and residential buildings). The questionnaire consisted of sociodemographic characteristics, a modified Exceptional Good Doctor Likert, hospital visit information, and Patient Picker-15 (PPE-15) sections. The Likert and PPE-15 sections were scored through pre-decided criteria for expectations and experience, respectively, and categorized using a median cut-off into high and low expectations and negative and positive experiences, respectively for simple and multiple logistic regression.
Results: A median score of 30.5/ 34 (IQR = 3.3) was found for expectations and 4/ 14 (IQR= 4) for experiences. Significant factors associated with high expectations were older age groups (OR=4.54 [1.18-17.50]) and higher monthly household incomes (0.40 [0.20-0.79]), while the odds of negative experiences were lower after visits to emergency departments (0.38 [0.18-0.84]) and private health care centers (0.31 [0.13-0.70]).
Conclusion: These results suggest that the public has high expectations from physicians, however their experiences are not always positive. Initiatives to develop a patient-centric ethos are needed for which we outline recommendations to both the public and physicians respectively.
High strength hydrogel using phenolated lignin
Authors: Hany Lubna Jahan Sarkar , Rahman M Mostafizur , Popy Razia Sultana , Ferdous Taslima , Sarker Ashis Kumar , Jahan M Sarwar 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In this investigation, lignin was phenolated and lignin based PVA hydrogels was synthesized. The highest yield in phenolation was found to be 123% at 10% sulfuric acid charge and L/P ratio of 1/4 at 120°C. FTIR spectra showing the increasing intensity of the bending vibration of phenolic hydroxyl group (O–H) at 1356 cm− 1 indicated the successful phenolation of lignin. A remarkable difference was observed in hydrogel preparation between phenolated (PhL) and nonphenolated lignin (L). Phenolated lignin had 98% yield while nonphenolated lignin yielded 88% at 1:1 L/PVA ratio. At L/PVA ratio of 2:1, nonphenolated lignin did not form stable hydrogel and remained very soft galley like liquid after 24 h of reaction. However, phenolated lignin formed stable hydrogel up to 5:1 L/PVA ratio with 78% yield. L/PVA hydrogel had higher swelling ratio in comparison with PhL/PVA hydrogel. At the lignin to PVA ratio of 1:2, the swelling ratio was 3101% and 4417% for phenolated and nonphenolated lignin hydrogels.
Identification and characterization of TOR in Macrobrachium rosenbergii and its role in muscle protein and lipid production
Authors: Dai Xilin , Li Xuenan , Yin Danhui , Chen Xin , Wang Linwei , Pang Luyao , Fu Yuanshuai 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The recent scarcity of fishmeal and other resources means that studies on the intrinsic mechanisms of nutrients in the growth and development of aquatic animals at the molecular level have received widespread attention. The target of rapamycin (TOR) pathway has been reported to receive signals from nutrients and environmental stresses, and regulates cellular anabolism and catabolism to achieve precise regulation of cell growth and physiological activities. In this study, we cloned and characterized the full-length cDNA sequence of the TOR gene of Macrobrachium rosenbergii (MrTOR). MrTOR was expressed in all tissues, with higher expression in heart and muscle tissues. In situ hybridization also indicated that MrTOR was expressed in muscle, mainly around the nucleus. RNA interference decreased the expression levels of MrTOR and downstream protein synthesis-related genes (S6K, eIF4E, and eIF4B) (P < 0.05) and the expression and enzyme activity of the lipid synthesis-related enzyme, fatty acid synthase (FAS), and increased enzyme activity of the lipolysis-related enzyme, lipase (LPS). In addition, amino acid injection significantly increased the transcript levels of MrTOR and downstream related genes (S6K, eIF4E, eIF4B, and FAS), as well as triglyceride and total cholesterol tissue levels and FAS activity. Starvation significantly increased transcript levels and enzyme activities of adenylate-activated protein kinase and LPS and decreased transcript levels and enzyme activities of FAS, as well as transcript levels of MrTOR and its downstream genes (P < 0.05), whereas amino acid injection alleviated the starvation-induced decreases in transcript levels of these genes. These results suggested that arginine and leucine activated the TOR signaling pathway, promoted protein and lipid syntheses, and alleviated the pathway changes induced by starvation.
The estimated mediating roles of anemia-related variables in the association between kidney function and mortality: a National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) study
Authors: Kim Yae Hyun , Lee Whanhee , Kim Kyun Young , Kim Yaerim , Ko Ara , Weon Boram , Lee Jeonghwan , Jin Wencheng , Kim Dong Ki , Kim Yon Su , Lim Chun Soo , Lee Jung Pyo 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background and objectives
Anemia is a common complication of chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, it is difficult to assess the contribution of anemia in CKD patients on long-term outcomes, such as mortality and morbidity, because kidney function affects outcomes directly and indirectly. This study evaluated the mediating effect of anemia in the relationship between CKD and clinical outcomes.
Design, setting, participants, and measurements
We used NHANES data from 1999 through 2014 and included adults aged ≥ 20 years. The percent mediating effect of four biomarkers indicative of anemia (hemoglobin [Hb], hematocrit [Hct], red cell distribution width [RDW], and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration [MCHC]) was examined by comparing the hazard ratios from a biomarker-adjusted model.
Results
Of the 38,951 participants, all-cause death occurred in 4,997. Cox proportional hazard models revealed a higher risk of all-cause mortality in the > 45 years and CKD groups than in the early CKD group. Together, the levels of Hb and Hct were inversely related to all-cause mortality, and RDW was related to mortality. The single mediation analysis showed that the mediation effects of anemia indicators on CKD and all-cause mortality in the elderly (> 65 years) population were greater than those in the general population. Similarly, in the multimediation analysis, the combined mediation effect of anemia was higher in the elderly (> 65 years) and CKD group than in the general population.
Conclusion
This study showed that the mediating effects of anemia increased proportionally to the CKD stage. Additionally, we suggest possible mechanism of anemia on CKD, which shed light on a new therapeutic ways although it is necessary to explore the effects of other potential mediating factors on kidney outcomes.
Construction of a prognostic model based on cuproptosis-related patterns for predicting survival, immune infiltration, and immunotherapy efficacy in breast cancer
Authors: Tang Yuanyuan , Lv Chunliu , Luo Zhenhua , Li Zan , Yu Junyi 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Breast cancer is now the most common and lethal malignancy among women worldwide. Cuproptosis is a newly identified copper-dependent programmed cell death and has been found to be closely associated with the development of cancer. However, reports describing cuproptosis regulatory mechanism on breast cancer are still lacking. In this study, we aimed to establish a prognostic model for patients with breast cancer to improve risk stratification.
Methods
The mRNA expression data was downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases. Consensus clustering was utilized to identify patterns based on cuproptosis-related genes (CRGs). Significant modules and key genes were screened by WGCNA analysis and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) analysis. Cox regression was used to construct prognostic model, and time-dependent receiver-operating characteristic and Kaplan-Meier analyses were used to evaluate its prediction ability. Functional pathways, immune cell infiltration, tumor purity, tumor mutation, tumor heterogeneity and drug sensitivity prediction between the two risk groups were also analyzed.
Results
Two cuproptosis patterns with distinct prognosis were identified, and the top 21 DEGs that were most significantly and survival associated between the two patterns were screened for constructing our prognostic model. The risk score based on the prognostic model exhibited negative correlation with survival. Enrichment analysis showed that multiple immune related pathways were mainly enriched in the low-risk group. In addition, patients in the low-risk group presented more abundant immune cell infiltration, higher stromal component, lower tumor purity, cancer stemness, tumor mutational burden, and tumor heterogeneity, perhaps associated with their better prognosis. Finally, significant differences of IC50 were also observed between patients in high- and low-risk groups who received chemotherapy and targeted therapy drugs.
Conclusions
These findings in our study may provide evidence for further research and individualized management of breast cancer.
MIFormer: An Effective Semantic SegmentationNetwork for Foggy Weather conditions
Authors: Ge Shilei , Huo weiwei , Lu Bing , Gong Guoqing 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Reliable operation is a key metric for autonomous driving, but the factors related to the environment such as weather and lighting can impair the perception capability of autonomous vehicles. Unsupervised adaptation in foggy circumstances is difficult due to the significant fluctuations in the scene's visibility caused by weather conditions, including smog, fog, and haze. This paper presents an effective network using multi-teacher intermediate domain adaptation (MIFormer), which offers a fresh approach to adapting semantic segmentation for the purpose of handling dense foggy scenes. This network integrates training from an intermediate domain to reduce the domain gap caused by heavy fog weather. To further increase segmentation accuracy, we propose three training strategies: Rare Class Sampling, Multi-teacher knowledge distillation, and Mixup improved by Uncertainty principle. We assess the performance of the suggested model across scenarios involving the adaptation from actual clear-weather scenes to real foggy scenes, as well as from synthetic non-foggy images to real foggy scenes. The results have demonstrated that MIFormer’s performance in semantic segmentation with foggy images is better than that with ResNet-38, BDL, CBST, MLST and FogAdapt. In particular, when adhering to the standard configurations and comparing against some mainstream methods, MIFormer achieves a segmentation performance of 69.1 mIoU adapted from GTA to foggy-Cityscapes and 61.8 mIoU adapted from Synthia to foggy-Cityscapes. Additionally, it can even segment rare classes effectively, such as train, bus, and truck.
Effectiveness of Conservative Treatment in Patients with AOSpine Type A2 and A3 Fractures of the Thoracic and Lumbar Spine Without Neurological Deficit: A Protocol for a Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Grin Andrey , Pogonchenkova Irena , Karanadze Vasiliy , Lvov Ivan , Talypov Aleksandr , Kordonskiy Anton , Abdrafiev Rinat , Makarova Marina , Filippov Maksim , Manuilov Vadim 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Introduction:
One of the important yet unresolved questions is the choice between conservative and surgical treatment for compressive and burst fractures. Published prospective studies to date have provided contradictory evidence. Hitchon et al. demonstrate the relative superiority of conservative treatment in the long term, Siebenga et al. favor surgery, and Shen et al. suggest no difference. Currently, according to the clinicaltrials.gov database, only two active multicenter cohort studies are dedicated to this issue, and three more were terminated in the years following the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. This fact indicates the high relevance and active interest of the surgical community in this issue.
Methods and analysis.
This study is a prospective cohort study. All enrolled subjects will be divided into two concurrent groups based on the treatment technique applied. The main group (prospective) will consist of patients who underwent conservative therapy. The control group (historical control) will be comprised of patients who underwent surgery previously at the Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency Medicine. In total, 80 patients (40 per group) are planned to be enrolled in the study. The primary endpoint is the Oswestry Disability Index dynamics at the end of the 12-month follow-up. Secondary outcomes will be assessed using the SF-36 scale and EQ-5D-5L. Additional parameters will include sagittal balance of the spine, fusion results, total cost of treatment, and hospital stay over one year. Follow-up examinations will be performed at 3, 6, and 12 months.
Ethics and dissemination.
The current study will be conducted in accordance with the Helsinki Declaration of the World Medical Association. The provided protocol was approved by the local ethics committees of the Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency Medicine (Approval No. 5–23 20.09.2023) and the Moscow Scientific and Practical Center for Medical Rehabilitation, Restorative and Sports Medicine (Approval No. 7/1 16.10.2023). The preliminary and final results of the study will be presented in peer-reviewed neurosurgery and spinal journals and at relevant international conferences.
Trial registration number
NCT06059820
Xylobiose treatment triggers a defense-related response and alters cell wall composition.
Authors: Dewangan Bhagwat Prasad , Gupta Arunima , Sah Rajan Kumar , Das Shouvik , Kumar Sandeep , Bhattacharjee Saikat , Pawar Prashant Anupama-Mohan 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Plant cell wall-derived oligosaccharides, i.e., damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), could be generated after pathogen attack or during normal plant development, perceived by cell wall receptors, and can alter immunity and cell wall composition. Therefore, we hypothesised that xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) could act as an elicitor and trigger immune responses. To test this, we treated Arabidopsis with xylobiose (XB) and investigated different parameters. XB-treatment significantly triggered the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), activated MAPK protein phosphorylation, and induced callose deposition. The combination of XB (DAMP) and flg22 a microbe-associated molecular pattern (MAMP) further enhanced ROS response and gene expression of PTI marker genes. RNA sequencing analysis revealed that more genes were differentially regulated after 30 min compared to 24 h XB-treated leaves, which correlated with ROS response. Increased xylosidase activity and soluble xylose level after 30 min and 3 h of XB-treatment were observed which might have weakened the DAMP response. However, an increase in total cell wall sugar and a decrease in uronic acid level was observed at both 30 min and 24 h. Additionally, arabinose, rhamnose, and xylose levels were increased in 30 min, and glucose was increased in 24 h compared to mock-treated leaves. The level of jasmonic acid, abscisic acid, auxin, and cytokinin were also affected after XB treatment. Overall, our data revealed that the shortest XOS can act as a DAMP, which triggers the PTI response and alters cell wall composition and hormone level.
Management of Mucocele by Laser- A Case Report
Authors: Srivastava Dr. Vivek , Sahney Dr. Tanu , Sharma Dr. Aaron , Dr. Rameswari Acharya  
Published: October 2023

Abstract:
Mucoceles are benign cystic lesions developing from minor salivary glands and commonly encountered in dental practice. Removal of mucoceles can be accomplished using various surgical methods, including scalpel excision, electrocautery, cryotherapy, and laser surgery. Diode lasers have been found to be a safe and effective treatment modality for mucocele removal due to their precise and minimally invasive nature. This article aims to discuss the use of diode lasers for excision of mucocele.
Keywords- Mucocele, Cystic lesion, Excision, Soft tissue diode laser, SiroLaser Blue.
Source of support- Nil
Conflict of interest- None declared
Ethical clearance- Approved by Intuitional Ethical Committee
Management of Lateral Periodontal Cyst with Platelet Concentrate
Authors: Dr Vivek Srivastava  , Elizabeth  , Prachi chandra  , Purwar Prasoon 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
A periodontal cyst (LPC) is considered a rare developmental odontogenic cyst, originates from epithelial rests in the periodontal ligament, and is a non-inflammatory cyst on the lateral surface of the root of a vital tooth. This case report features a 22-year-old female who complained of a painful hyperplastic lesion that had been present for two months between the distobuccal site of her maxillary right lateral incisor (#12) and the mesiobuccal site of her maxillary canine (#13). Radiographically, an interproximal periodontal cyst appears on the side of the root and extends to the apex of an involved tooth as a radiolucent area with a well-defined bordered by a radiopaque line that cannot be differentiated from that of a periodontal abscess. This case report discusses the management of LPC using surgical enucleation with adjunctive use of regenerative platelet concentrate.
Management of Hot Irreversible Pulpitis with Radix Entomolaris: An Uphill Battle for a Pediatric Dentist. A Case Report.
Authors: Singh Vaishnavi , Gangwar Anshul 
Published: October 2023

Background: Hot tooth with Radix Entomolaris anomaly is rarely occurring condition. To achieve anesthesia satisfactorily in patients with a Hot tooth, especially in pediatric cases, can be seriously challenging for the pediatric dentist. Hot Irreversible pulpitis is most commonly found in permanent mandibular first molars, where the patient may experience severe or intense acute pain during the access opening procedure, even after the anesthetic block. The present case report describes the hot tooth, causes for anesthetic failure and some of its management techniques with a case report.
Keynote: To the best of our knowledge, this Case report is the first report of Hot tooth Syndrome with Radix Entomolaris treated under multiple Pain and Anxiety control methods.
Effectiveness of Oral Health Training Session on Knowledge, Attitude, Practices and Barriers Towards Oral Health Amongst Teachers and Caregivers of Disabled Children in Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh.
Authors: Singh Vaishnavi , Sharma Shivangi , Naik Sathyajith , Vashisth Pallavi 
Published: October 2023

INTRODUCTION: Special Care Dentistry aims at management and prevention of Oro-dental diseases in disabled children, who spend most of their time in rehabilitation centres or special schools. Therefore, training their teachers and caretakers on oral health promotion will help to inculcate healthy oral habits in children during their formative years of life.
METHODOLOGY: A closed-ended questionnaire evaluated the knowledge, attitude, practices, and barriers toward oral health before and after the oral health training session. The training was done using a validated training manual on oral health promotion entitled as Oral health for families with special health care needs, along with conducting workshops, and delivering dental talks. Data was obtained and statistical analysis was done.
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Evaluation of the data obtained was done twice to assess the difference between the scores before and after oral health education.
RESULTS: Maximum participants showed significant improvement in knowledge, attitude and practices towards oral health.
CONCLUSION: Continuous reinforcement of knowledge, conducting workshops and oral health check-up programs is required to eradicate the barriers and bring changes in Knowledge attitude and practices towards oral health among these teachers and caregivers.
KEYWORDS: National Education Policies for children with special needs, Knowledge, Oral health, teachers and caregivers.
Revisiting “Plaque Free Zone”- Island of Peace in a Zone of Conflict: A stereomicroscopic study
Authors: Sunpreet Kaur  , Amit Bhardwaj  
Published: October 2023

Aim: This study was undertaken to find if Plaque Free Zone (PFZ) indeed was a ubiquitous entity observed both on healthy and diseased teeth and further to compare the width of PFZ in healthy and diseased teeth.
Material & Methods: Out of total 31 teeth, 18 teeth extracted from patients with chronic periodontitis and 13 teeth extracted from healthy individuals were examined. The teeth were stained and measurements of width of PFZ were made. Photomicrographs were taken at 20X magnification using a stereomicroscope & measurements were made using Image J software. The data obtained was subjected to statistical analysis.
Results: A significantly wider PFZ was found on the surfaces of teeth of healthy group as compared to diseased group.
Conclusion: Wider PFZ zone in healthy teeth may have a protective role preventing direct contact of bacteria with underlying periodontal ligament. Invasion of this zone during mechanical instrumentation needs to be avoided.
Clinical Significance: The existence of plaque free zone has clinical implications. Instrumentation beyond the base of the pocket during SRP may upset the delicate balance existing at tooth sulcus/pocket interface.
Transplantation of the Bowman’s layer in cases of biomechanical instability of the cornea after radial keratotomy
Authors: Oganesyan O. G. , Ashikova P. M. , Ivanova A. V. , Letnikova K. B. , Oganesyan C. O. , Makarov P. V. 
Published: October 2023

Late complications of radial keratotomy (RK), are as a rule caused by a change in the biomechanical properties of the cornea.Purpose: to study the long-term stabilizing effect of the Bowman’s layer (BL) transplantation after RK.Material and methods. In a limited, prospective, monocentric pilot study we operated 2 male patients (2 eyes) aged 60 and 55. The radial incisions had been performed 34 and 38 years ago. The indications for surgery were progressive biomechanical instability of the cornea and functional refractive visual fluctuations. Within 12 months after the operation, complications, corrected visual acuity, keratometric parameters, biomicroscopic transparency of the cornea, and patient satisfaction were assessed.Results. No complications were noted during the follow-up period, the cornea and graft retained transparency. The average thickness of the BS graft was 20±2.1 µm. The average visual acuity corrected by contact lenses increased from 0.4±0.3 to 0.65±0.1, the average indicator of keratometric astigmatism changed from 1.9±1.6 to 3.0 D, these indicators remained after 6, 9 and 12 months, which indicates that biomechanical stability of the cornea was achieved and that the refractive-visual fluctuations are absent.Conclusion. In late term RK complications, BS transplantation partially restores the normal anatomy of the anterior surface of the cornea and ensures its biomechanical stability during a 12-month follow-up period. For the conclusions to be maximally objective, more clinical cases should be studied within a longer observation period.