bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mitigation of Polysulfide Shuttling in Lithium‐Sulfur Batteries Utilizing Vanadium Pentoxide/Polypyrrole Nanocomposite Separators
Authors: Chen Bing , Li Wenhu , Ai Taotao , Dong Hongfeng , Bo HaiWa , Huang Qing , Li Chaofan , Kang Shouwang , Li Yiwen , Wang Teng 
Published: January 2025

AbstractLithium‐sulfur (Li−S) batteries are promising energy storage devices due to their high theoretical energy density and cost‐effectiveness. However, the shuttle effect of polysulfides during the charging and discharging processes leads to a rapid decline in capacity, thereby restricting their application in energy storage. The separator, a crucial component of Li−S batteries, facilitates the transport of Li+ ions. However, the large pores present on the surface of the separator are insufficient to prevent the shuttling effect of polysulfides. This paper proposes a straightforward coating method to introduce a vanadium pentoxide (V2O5) /polypyrrole (PPy) functional coating on the surface of a conventional polymer separator. The unique composition of the V2O5/PPy layer plays an essential role in effectively preventing the bidirectional movement of polysulfides and the subsequent formation of inactive sulfur. Compared to those using polypyrrole separators,when equipped with a V2O5/PPy separator, the capacity retention after 100 cycles was recorded at 98 %, with a measured rate of capacity degradation at just 0.016 %, despite the sulfur content being as high as 1.84 mg cm−2. Furthermore, after 400 cycles at 1 C, the capacity retention rate reached 57.6 %. The thoughtful design of this modified separator represents an effective strategy for improving the performance of Li−S batteries.
Decentralized formation with collision avoidance of multi‐agent conformable fractional nonlinear robot systems
Authors: Ángeles‐Ramírez O. A. , González‐Figueroa S. , Fernández‐Anaya G. , Martínez‐Hernández E. G. , González‐Sierra J. , Ramírez‐Neria M. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe formation control problem for a multi‐agent robot system is addressed from the general conformable fractional multi‐variable framework viewpoint, considering interagent collision avoidance based on the combination of local attractive and repulsive potential functions for general well‐defined formation graphs for the case of point or omnidirectional robots by using the classical Lyapunov's stability analysis. The theoretical development of a control law from the viewpoint of the multivariable conformable fractional‐order calculus is given. In addition, a comparison of the convergence performance to the desired pattern with collision avoidance between the integer‐order and the general conformable fractional‐order case is provided. Finally, an illustrative numerical example is given to exhibit the performance of the proposed strategy.
Adaptive fuzzy fault‐tolerant control via integral terminal sliding mode of robotic systems with prescribed performance
Authors: Zhang Jie , Jiang Wanyue , Sam Ge Shuzhi 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThis paper addresses the robust fault‐tolerant tracking control problem of robotic systems with actuator faults and model uncertainties under prescribed performance constraint. Firstly, an adaptive technique and fuzzy logic system are used to approximate the system model uncertainties and possible actuator faults. Secondly, a new fast integral terminal sliding mode backstepping control method is proposed, which makes the high robustness for the robotic systems when the actuator faults occur under the premise of ensuring the prescribed performance. Furthermore, a nonlinear disturbance observer is developed to estimate the lumped disturbance composed of external disturbance and approximation error, which enhances anti‐disturbance performance, reduces sliding mode chattering, and ensures high robustness of the entire robotic systems. Ultimately, the global asymptotic stability of the robotic systems is achieved based on the Lyapunov criterion. The simulation results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.
Coupling high‐throughput and modeling approaches to streamline early‐stage process development for biologics
Authors: Welsh John P. , Altern Scott H. , Lyall Jessica Y. , Burgess Sean , Rauscher Michael A. , Lenhoff Abraham M. , Cramer Steven M. , Williams Chris 
Published: January 2025

AbstractPlatforms have long been implemented for downstream process development of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to streamline development and reduce timelines. These platforms are also increasingly being used for other complex biologics modalities. While development has traditionally been conducted at the lab bench scale in a sequential manner, automated miniaturized and parallelized approaches like RoboColumns and resin plates have also been implemented for chromatographic screening. Additionally, mechanistic modeling for chromatographic separations has also seen increased use for development applications. In this manuscript, we propose a workflow with elements of both high‐throughput screening and modeling that provides a streamlined roadmap for early process development. The workflow utilizes automated resin plate screens to both narrow screening conditions and calibrate binding isotherm parameters. Mechanistic models are then used to characterize a robust range of conditions suitable for an early manufacturing process. Miniaturized RoboColumns then confirm the process space, thus completing the development without the use of any traditional lab‐scale columns. Case studies demonstrate the utility of this workflow for both cation‐exchange (CEX) and multimodal cation‐exchange (MMCEX) processes. Process parameter sensitivities across process ranges for the models are compared with typical design‐of‐experiment (DOE) statistical models. The models are able to predict the mAb product as well as aggregate impurities. This workflow provides a practical method to enable increased process understanding while also reducing timeline and material requirements for development.
Nanofiber‐based polymer electrolyte membranes for fuel cells
Authors: Liu Ning , Bi Shuguang , Zhang Yi , Ou Ying , Gong Chunli , Ran Jianhua , Chen Yihuang , Yang Yingkui 
Published: January 2025

AbstractDeveloping low‐cost and high‐performance nanofiber‐based polyelectrolyte membranes for fuel cell applications is a promising solution to energy depletion. Due to the high specific surface area and one‐dimensional long‐range continuous structure of the nanofiber, ion‐charged groups can be induced to form long‐range continuous ion transfer channels in the nanofiber composite membrane, significantly increasing the ion conductivity of the membrane. This review stands apart from previous endeavors by offering a comprehensive overview of the strategies employed over the past decade in utilizing both electrospun and natural nanofibers as key components of proton exchange membranes and anion exchange membranes for fuel cells. Electrospun nanofibers are categorized based on their material properties into two primary groups: (1) ionomer nanofibers, inherently endowed with the ability to conduct H+ (such as perfluorosulfonic acid or sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone)) or OH− (e.g., FAA‐3), and (2) nonionic polymer nanofibers, comprising inert polymers like polyvinylidene difluoride, polytetrafluoroethylene, and polyacrylonitrile. Notably, the latter often necessitates surface modifications to impart ion transport channels, given their inherent proton inertness. Furthermore, this review delves into the recent progress made with three natural nanofibers derived from biodegradable cellulose—cellulose nanocrystals, cellulose nanofibers, and bacterial nanofibers—as crucial elements in polyelectrolyte membranes. The effect of the physical structure of such nanofibers on polyelectrolyte membrane properties is also briefly discussed. Lastly, the review emphasizes the challenges and outlines potential solutions for future research in the field of nanofiber‐based polyelectrolyte membranes, aiming to propel the development of high‐performance polymer electrolyte fuel cells.
Process simulation on oxy‐fuel combustion of coal and biomass in a circulating fluidized bed
Authors: Liu Xuejiao , Liu Zecheng , Hu Yun , Zhong Wenqi 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAppropriately evaluating the gas–solid hydrodynamics and reaction kinetics of reactors within process simulation approach can provide more accurate and comprehensive techno‐economic and environmental assessments, as well as more effective design and optimization for new processes and technologies. In this study, a one‐dimensional process simulation of biomass and coal oxy‐co‐firing in a 100 kWth circulating fluidized bed was developed, with the models for gas–solid hydrodynamics and synergistic reactions of two fuels being established in Aspen Plus software. The effects of fuel properties, gas atmosphere, and operating parameters on the combustion process, flue gas products, and heat distributions in the bed were studied. Results show that the proposed process models can successfully describe the oxy‐co‐firing of coal and biomass in the furnace including the pyrolysis and the combustions of gaseous volatile and char. Increasing the oxygen concentration and biomass blending ratio will improve the combustions in dense phase region and obviously increase the heat release in this region. More heating surfaces should be arranged in the dense phase region when retrofitting an existing circulating fluidized bed (CFB) boiler with air combustion to be the oxy‐fuel one. Additionally, the increase of oxygen concentration could reduce the emissions of pollutants such as CO and NOX, while the addition of biomass may bring a slight increase in NOX emission.
Experimental methods in chemical engineering–Validation of steady‐state simulation
Authors: Brucel Caroline , Thibault Émilie , Patience Gregory S. , Stuart Paul 
Published: January 2025

AbstractSteady‐state simulation (Aspen, PRO/II, WinGEMS, CADSIM Plus) guides equipment selection, operating conditions, and optimization to design chemical processes like Kraft pulping, specialty chemicals, and petrochemical complexes. Ensuring that the simulation characterizes the yields, heat transfer loads, purity, utilities demand, and profitability requires data that represents the physicochemical and transport properties of each stream and unit operation. Here, we present strategies to validate steady‐state simulations against plant data and expectations from operators. To build and validate simulations requires real‐time data, but errors contaminate measurements and dynamic conditions—start‐up, shut‐downs, process upsets—compromise fidelity. A pre‐treatment step removes incongruous data to build the simulation on process conditions representative of steady‐state. Working through the process with experts (informal validation) and comparing simulation results with plant data (formal validation) reduces gross error with an objective to achieve a simulation accuracy to within one standard deviation of measurement variability. A bibliometric review highlights the limited focus on steady‐state simulation validation in the field of process engineering. Most articles mention accuracy but neglect to describe how it is evaluated. Despite this scarcity, validation remains a critical factor in various domains of chemical engineering research. Interviews with professionals offer a practical perspective on the applications of simulation in an industrial context like process monitoring, equipment performance analysis, operator training, and decision‐making. Finally, a case study demonstrates how to implement data treatment and validation for Kraft mill brownstock washing department: Applying multiple validation techniques increases the value and confidence in the simulation.
Development and Evaluation of the Antibacterial Properties of an Experimental Herbal Gel Against Cariogenic Bacteria
Authors: Sánchez‐Tito Marco , Tay Lidia Yileng , Zea‐Gamboa Francisco , Cartagena‐Cutipa Raúl , Flores‐Gómez Alysson , Spigno‐Paco Bruno , Salinas Brando Raul Mendoza , Calcina Jose Elias Zuñiga , Díaz Ingrit Elida Collantes 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundRecently, products with antibacterial properties derived from medicinal plants have increased as an alternative to conventional drugs. Thus, this study aimed to formulate and evaluate the antibacterial activity of an experimental gel based on Grindelia tarapacana essential oil in a bacterial consortium.Material and MethodsThe composition of the essential oil (EO) was determined using gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS). The antibacterial activity of the EO against Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175, Streptococcus sanguinis ATCC 10556, and Streptococcus salivarius ATCC 13419 was evaluated using an Agar disc diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration methods. Five formulations of the experimental gel were prepared at 0.25%, 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, and 2% (v/v). The antibacterial susceptibility test was evaluated using an Agar‐Well diffusion assay against a bacterial consortium of S. mutans, S. sanguinis, and S. salivarius. The physical properties, pH, spreadability, gel morphology, phase separation, and drug release were evaluated. The experimental gels were compared with a chlorhexidine gel. Data were analyzed with one‐way ANOVA and Kruskal–Wallis tests with a significant level of 5%.ResultsThe major components of the EO were bornyl acetate, α‐isomethyl‐E‐nerolidol, germacrene B, E‐nerolidol, α‐cedrene‐epoxide, fokienol, and 10‐epi‐γ‐eudesmol. All formulations were effective in inhibiting bacterial growth. The 2% concentration presented inhibition zones (18.14 ± 1.01 mm) similar to those observed for the chlorhexidine gel (p > 0.05). All formulations were stable, without signs of separation, with adequate physical properties, and no significant differences were observed regarding the drug content with the chlorhexidine gel (p > 0.05).ConclusionsThe experimental gels based on G. tarapacana EO presented good physicochemical properties and were highly effective in inhibiting the growth of a cariogenic bacterial consortium.
Unleashing Enviropreneurship Toward Innovation: Unraveling Frugal Innovation and Green Innovation Through Zero Waste Management in Circular Economy
Authors: Li Dan , Gong Chunling , Palazzo Maria , Yousaf Zahid 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTFocused on human well‐being and social responsibility, this study explores the complex relationships within sustainable entrepreneurship and explores whether enviropreneurship significantly impacts both frugal innovation and green innovation. The analysis also studies whether there are possible beneficial links between zero waste management, frugal innovation, and green innovation. Additionally, through assessing the level to which these items come together in sustainable strategic actions, the paper shows the correlation among two important topics: Enviropreneurship and zero waste management. The study explores at the relations between zero waste management and frugal innovation as well as green innovation, examining whether these aspects of innovation have a positive relationship with effective waste management techniques in the presences of enviropreneurship. The paper analyses interactions between enviropreneurship, frugal innovation and green innovation, and the mediation role of zero‐waste management. A total of 273 managers in the manufacturing sector completed the survey and the results were analyzed applying SPSS 25.0 and structural equation modeling (SEM). The findings confirmed significant association among enviropreneurship, zero waste management, frugal innovation, and green innovation. Furthermore, findings also revealed that zero waste management have positive intervention role between enviropreneurship and frugal and green innovation.
Rapid and Simple Dispersive Liquid–Liquid Microextraction (DLLME) Sample Preparation for Propofol Analysis in Hair, Blood, and Urine by Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Odoardi Sara , Mestria Serena , Valentini Valeria , Biosa Giulia , Strano Rossi Sabina 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTPropofol is a widely used anesthetic. Although considered safe, propofol‐related deaths occur, as it is sometimes abused recreationally or used to commit suicide. A simple, rapid, and reliable method for its analysis in various biological samples is needed. Sample clean‐up is a critical step in the analysis, both in terms of time and cost, indeed. Dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (DLLME) is a simple and fast extraction based on ternary solvent mixtures that uses small volumes of solvent and sample. A DLLME extraction followed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis was developed and validated for the analysis of propofol in blood, urine, and hair. The same extraction mixture of 2.5:1 methanol/chloroform was used for the different biological samples. Validation for linearity, LOD, LOQ, precision, accuracy, and recovery gave satisfactory results for the three types of biological samples included in the study, with limits of quantification of 1 μg/mL for urine, 0.2 μg/mL for blood, and 0.1 ng/mg for hair. The DLLME procedure for purification involves a small amount of solvent, thus reducing the cost and the environmental impact. In addition, a high enrichment factor is obtained, and the time for analysis is short. The method was applied to authentic post‐mortem samples for the determination of propofol in blood, urine, and hair. Also, segmental hair analysis was performed to assess chronic propofol abuse. The developed method proved to be rapid, simple, and cost‐effective for blood, urine, and hair extract clean‐up for the determination of propofol by GC/MS.
Improving hydroacoustic methods for monitoring suspended‐sand flux and grain size in sediment‐laden rivers
Authors: Marggraf Jessica , Le Coz Jérôme , Camenen Benoît , Lauters François , Dramais Guillaume , Pierrefeu Gilles , Topping David J. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractSuspended‐sand concentration and grain‐size data in rivers provide valuable information on the catchment's dynamics for scientists and river managers. Producing continuous measurements of suspended‐sand concentrations remains a scientific challenge due to their high spatial and temporal variability. Traditional methods such as sediment‐rating curves may be highly uncertain, and optical turbidity is insensitive to coarse particles when there are many fine particles. Surrogate hydroacoustic methods aim to improve sand concentration measurements. These single‐ or dual‐frequency acoustic methods use acoustic attenuation and/or backscatter to estimate fine‐sediment (i.e., silt and clay) and/or sand concentration and possibly grain size. New methods have recently been developed and applied in rivers exhibiting a wide range of sediment conditions in North America but not independently tested elsewhere by other researchers. In this article, we apply, adapt and evaluate hydroacoustic methods to continuously estimate suspended‐sand concentration and grain size in an Alpine river with high suspended‐sediment concentrations. From the example of the River Isère at Grenoble Campus, France, we show that the hydroacoustic methods adapted to local conditions may yield valuable sand concentration estimates consistent with traditional measurements. Compared with prior knowledge, limited additional information on the grain size can be obtained due to high uncertainties. Hydroacoustic concentration estimates are more sensitive to real changes in concentration at the event scale than traditional rating‐curve methods that relate concentration to discharge only. These findings open the perspective for facilitated sand concentration monitoring at a higher temporal resolution with decreased field work.
Secured DDoS Attack Detection in SDN Using TS‐RBDM With MDPP‐Streebog Based User Authentication
Authors: Dandotiya Monika , Makwana Rajni Ranjan Singh 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTIn a Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attack, the attacker aims to render a network resource unavailable to its intended users. A novel Software Defined Networking (SDN)‐centered secured DDoS attack detection system is presented in this paper by utilizing TanhSoftmax‐Restricted Boltzmann Dense Machines (TS‐RBDM) with a Mean Difference of Public key and Private key based Streebog (MDPP‐Streebog) user authentication algorithm. Primarily, in the registration phase, the users have registered their device details. The two‐stage login process is performed after successful registration. Then, in the network layer, the nodes are initialized, and via the Gate/Router, the sensed data is transmitted to the SDN controller to enhance network energy efficiency. Later, by using the CIC DDoS 2019 dataset, the DDoS detection system is trained. This dataset undergoes preprocessing, and features are extracted from it. By employing the Adaptive Synthetic (ADASYN) technique, data balancing is achieved. Lastly, by using the TS‐RBDM technique, the data is trained. The sensed data is categorized as either attacked or non‐attacked data within this trained DDoS detection system. By employing the Entropy Binomial probability‐based Shanon‐Fano‐Elias (EB‐SFE) technique, the non‐attacked data will be encoded and transmitted to the receiving terminal. Lastly, the experiential assessment illustrated that the proposed DDoS detection system attained 98% accuracy with 37 485 ms minimal training time, thus outperforming all state‐of‐the‐art methods.
Numerical Simulation of Overburden Deformation Mechanism and Surface Settlement Characteristics Induced by Underground Coal Mining: A Case Study
Authors: Li Qihang , Wang Yunmin , Wang Jiawen , Gong Bin , Li Xiaoshuang 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTUnderground mining in mountainous regions presents a significant geological hazard, characterised by the occurrence of land subsidence and movement of overlying strata. To aggrandise the theory of mine rock mechanics, we conducted a systematic investigation into the deformation and failure mechanisms of overlying strata as well as the patterns of surface subsidence in mountainous regions. With the method of engineering mechanics and theoretical analysis, supplemented by the universal distinct element code (UDEC) numerical simulation, the mining status of Songzao mine was simulated effectively. Herein, the results revealed that the nonlinearity of the overlying strata failure field occurred during mining, as evidenced by an increase in the failure field when the coal approached the seam roof. The subsidence curve of the underlying lower strata exhibits an inverted trapezoid pattern, while that of the overlying upper overburden displays a funnel‐shaped trend. Additionally, the upward transmission displacement velocity was significantly attenuated due to the shielding effect exerted by the key stratum in the overburden, resulting in a greater spatial separation from the underlying strata. The critical stratum fractures as the working face advanced to 120 m, subsequently leading to an increase in vertical displacement and cessation of surface subsidence. The surface subsidence value and speed, however, exhibited a gradual increase as the coal seam mining progressed. Due to the influence of mountain surface landforms, the subsidence value of convex landforms surpasses that of concave landforms, thereby expediting the rate of subsidence and resulting in geological hazards.