bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integrating scenario planning and goal programming
Authors: Durbach Ian , Stewart Theodor J. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThis paper concerns the integration of goal programming and scenario planning as an aid to decision making under uncertainty. Goal programming as a methodology emphasises the resolution of conflict among criteria; scenario planning focuses on the treatment of uncertainty relating to future states of the world. Integrating the two methodologies is based on the simple formulation of a super‐goal programme consisting of one scenario‐specific goal program in each scenario. Issues relating to the structuring of the super‐problem, aggregation both within and over scenarios, and the incorporation of probabilistic information are discussed. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
IRIS: a DSS for multiple criteria sorting problems
Authors: Dias Luís C. , Mousseau Vincent 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThis paper presents Interactive Robustness analysis and parameters' Inference for multicriteria Sorting problems (IRIS), a Decision Support System (DSS) designed to sort actions (projects, candidates, alternatives, clients, etc.) described by their performances on multiple criteria into an ordered set of categories defined a priori. It is based on the ELECTRE TRI sorting method, but does not require the decision maker (DM) to indicate precise values for all of the method's parameters. More realistically, the software expects the DM to indicate some constraints that these parameters should respect, including sorting examples that the program should reproduce. If the constraints indicated by the DM do not contradict each other (i.e. form a consistent system), then IRIS infers a combination of parameter values that reproduces all the sorting examples, indicating also the range of possible assignments of actions to categories that would be possible without violating any of the stated constraints. If the constraints are contradictory (i.e. form an inconsistent system), then IRIS suggests a combination of parameter values that minimizes an error function and identifies alternative ways to restore the system's consistency by removing some constraints. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Advances in tetrahedral mesh generation for modelling of three‐dimensional regions with complex, curvilinear crack shapes
Authors: Zuo Jianzheng , Deng Xiaomin , Sutton Michael A. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractAdvances in tetrahedral mesh generation for general, three‐dimensional domains with and without cracks are described and validated through extensive studies using a wide range of global geometries and local crack shapes. Automated methods are described for (a) implementing geometrical measures in the vicinity of the crack to identify irregularities and to improve mesh quality and (b) robust node selection on crack surfaces to ensure optimal meshing both locally and globally. The resulting numerical algorithms identify both node coincidence and also local crack surface penetration due to discretization of curved crack surfaces, providing a proven approach for removing inconsistencies. Numerical examples using the resulting 3D mesh generation program to mesh complex 3D domains containing a range of crack shapes and sizes are presented. Quantitative measures of mesh quality clearly show that the element shape and size distributions are excellent, including in regions surrounding crack fronts. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A finite element method for the computational modelling of cohesive cracks
Authors: Mergheim J. , Kuhl E. , Steinmann P. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe present contribution is concerned with the computational modelling of cohesive cracks in quasi‐brittle materials, whereby the discontinuity is not limited to interelement boundaries, but is allowed to propagate freely through the elements. In the elements, which are intersected by the discontinuity, additional displacement degrees of freedom are introduced at the existing nodes. Therefore, two independent copies of the standard basis functions are used. One set is put to zero on one side of the discontinuity, while it takes its usual values on the opposite side, and vice versa for the other set. To model inelastic material behaviour, a discrete damage‐type constitutive model is applied, formulated in terms of displacements and tractions at the surface.Some details on the numerical implementation are given, concerning the failure criterion, the determination of the direction of the discontinuity and the integration scheme. Finally, numerical examples show the performance of the method. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Risk‐benefit‐based design decisions for low‐probability/high consequence earthquake events in Mid‐America
Authors: Ellingwood Bruce R. , Wen Yi‐Kwei 
Published: February 2005

AbstractDecision‐making under uncertainty is a difficult task when the information available is scarce and consequences are large. Such is the case in assessing vulnerabilities of buildings and transportation facilities to earthquakes in Mid‐America where large events have occurred in the past and yet very few events have been recorded at intensity levels of interest to engineers. A rational approach to this problem requires careful consideration of both aleatory and epistemic uncertainties in the demand and capacity of the systems under consideration, the performance of those systems, the consequences of unsatisfactory performance in terms of direct damages and costs incurred over time, and costs required for retrofitting existing systems or building new systems. A balance must be achieved between risk and benefit for an optimal design decision. Some recent developments in this approach as it applies to design and retrofit for earthquake effects are briefly reviewed. A risk–benefit‐based procedure is proposed and illustrated for buildings that must withstand earthquake effects in Mid‐America. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Strukturen von neuen Bis(pentafluorophenyl)halogenomercuraten [{Hg(C6F5)2}3(μ‐X)]— (X = Cl, Br, I)
Authors: Naumann Dieter , Schulz Frank 
Published: February 2005

AbstractStructures of New Bis(pentafluorophenyl)halogeno Mercurates [{Hg(C6F5)2}3(μ‐X)]— (X = Cl, Br, I)From the reactions of [PNP]Cl or [PPh4]Y (Y = Br, I) with Hg(C6F5)2 crystals of the composition [Cat][{Hg(C6F5)2}3X] (Cat = PNP, X = Cl (1); Cat = PPh4, X = Br (2), I (3)) are formed. 1 crystallizes in the triclinic space group P1¯, 2 and 3 crystallize isotypically in the monoclinic space group C2/c. In the crystals the halide anions are surrounded by three Hg(C6F5)2 molecules. The reaction of [PPh4]Br with Hg(C6F5)2 under slightly changed conditions gives the compound [PPh4]2[{Hg(C6F5)2}3(μ‐Br)][{Hg(C6F5)2}2(μ‐Br)] (4).
Synthese und Kristallstruktur des heterobimetallischen Diorganozinndichlorids (FcN, N)2SnCl2 (FcN, N—: (η5‐C5H5)Fe{(η5‐C5H3[CH(CH3)N(CH3)CH2CH2NMe2]‐2}—)
Authors: Görls Helmar , Jacob Klaus 
Published: February 2005

AbstractSynthesis and Crystal Structure of the Heterobimetallic Diorganotindichloride (FcN, N)2SnCl2 (FcN, N—: (η5‐C5H5)Fe{η5‐C5H3[CH(CH3)N(CH3)CH2CH2NMe2]‐2}—)The heterobimetallic title compound [(FcN, N)2SnCl2] (1) was obtained by the reaction of [LiFcN, N] with SnCl4 in the molar ratio 1:1 in diethylether as a solvent. The two FcN, N— ligands in 1 are bound to Sn through a C‐Sn σ‐bond; the amino N atoms of the side‐chain in FcN, N— remain uncoordinated. The crystals contain monomeric molecules with a pseudo‐tetrahedral coordination at the Sn atom: Space group P21/c; Z = 4, lattice dimensions at —90 °C: a = 9.6425(2), b = 21.7974(6), c = 18.4365(4) Å, β = 100.809(2)°, R1obs· = 0.051, wR2obs· = 0.136.
A New Organic‐Inorganic Charge‐transfer Salt [C15H17N4]4[Mo8O26] — Synthesis, Properties and Crystal Structure
Authors: Li Qi , Zhang Shi‐Wei 
Published: February 2005

AbstractA new organic donor 3‐amino‐6‐dimethylamino‐2‐methyl‐phenazine was introduced to charge‐transfer complex with polyoxometalate. The complex [C15H17N4]4[Mo8O26] (1) was synthesized by hydrothermal reaction of neutral red chloride (3‐amino‐6‐dimethylamino‐2‐methyl‐phenazine hydrochloride) and (NH4)6[Mo7O24] · 4H2O and was characterized by EPR, element analysis and single crystal x‐ray diffraction.
First Nickel(II) Cation Inclusion within the Mixed‐valence Polyoxomolybdate Capped with Four NiII(en)(H2O) Groups: Hydrothermal Synthesis and Structure of [MoV8MoVI4O30(μ2‐OH)6(NiIIO4){NiII(en)(H2O)}4]
Authors: Cui Xiao‐Bing , Zheng Shou‐Tian , Yang Guo‐Yu 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe hydrothermal reaction of MoO3, Ni(Ac)2·6H2O, en (ethylenediamine) and H2O produces [MoV8MoVI4O30(μ2‐OH)6(NiIIO4){NiII(en)(H2O)}4] (1), which is the first polyoxomolybdate capped with four {NiII(en)(H2O)} groups and with inclusion of Nickel(II) cation. The structure of this compound was characterized by elemental analysis and single crystal X‐ray diffraction. Crystal data for 1: Monoclinic, C2/m, a = 34.1719(4) Å, b = 15.3138(1) Å, c = 15.3408(3) Å, b = 116.575(2)°, V = 7179.72(8) Å3, Z = 4.
The New Fluoro‐tris(pentafluoroethyl)borate Anion [(C2F5)3BF]—, Unexpected Formation of [(C2F5)3BH]— as a By‐Product. Das neue Fluoro‐tris(pentafluoroethyl)borat Anion [(C2F5)3BF]—, unerwartete Bildung des Nebenprodukts [(C2F5)3BH]—
Authors: Pawelke Gottfried , Willner Helge 
Published: February 2005

AbstractDimethylamine‐tris(pentafluoroethyl)borane (C2F5)3B · NHMe2 (1) has been obtained from C2F5I, Br2BNMe2 and tris(diethylamino)phosphane in sulfolane. Alkylation using CH3I/KOH yielded the trimethylamine‐tris(pentafluoroethyl)borane (C2F5)3B · NMe3 (2). Compound 2 reacts with NEt3×3HF at 200—204 °C under replacement of the trimethylamine ligand to form the novel fluoro‐tris(pentafluoroethyl)borate anion [(C2F5)3BF]— (3) in good yield. Side products are the hydroxy‐tris(pentafluoroethyl)borate [(C2F5)3BOH]— (4) and the hydrido‐tris(pentafluoroethyl)borate [(C2F5)3BH]— (5).
Iron(II)‐ and Cobalt(II) Complexes with Tridentate Bis(imino)pyridine Nitrogen Ligands Bearing Chiral Bulky Aliphatic and Aromatic Substituents: Crystal Structure of [CoCl2{2, 6‐bis[R‐(+)‐(bornylimino)methyl]pyridine}]
Authors: Lappalainen Kristian , Yliheikkilä Katariina , Abu‐Surrah Adnan S. , Polamo Mika , Leskelä Markku , Repo Timo 
Published: February 2005

AbstractIron(II) and cobalt(II) complexes (7‐15) based on new aldimine 2, 6‐bis[(imino)methyl]pyridine (1, 2, 4, 6) and ketimine (2, 6‐bis[(imino)ethyl]pyridine (3, 5) ligands with bulky chiral aliphatic or aromatic terminal groups have been prepared and characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, IR‐, mass spectroscopy (EI), and elemental analysis. The complex [CoCl2(BBoMP)]·1/2 CHCl3 (13) (BBoMP: 2, 6‐bis{(R‐(+)‐(bornylimino)‐methyl}pyridine) crystallizes in monoclinic space group P21 with cell dimensions: a = 7.6603(11) Å, b = 28.3153(14) Å, c = 13.537(2) Å, V = 2908.1(6) Å3, Z = 4. The coordination sphere around Co is distorted trigonal bipyramidal.
Organometallic Compounds with Homonuclear Bonds between Bismuth Atoms, 70 Years after Paneth' Report on the Violet Dimethyl Bismuth Compound
Authors: Breunig Hans Joachim 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe chemistry of organometallic compounds of the types (R2Bi)2, (RBi)n (n = 2—5) and R6Bi8 is the objective of this report. Common features and differences between these bismuthanes and analogous compounds of lighter group 15 elements are discussed.
Colchicine inhibits fracture union and reduces bone strength—in vivo study
Authors: Dudkiewicz Israel , Brosh Tamar , Perelman Marina , Salai Moshe 
Published: February 2005

AbstractIntroduction: Recent studies have demonstrated that Colchicine (CO) prevents heterotopic ossification (HO) after total hip replacement in patients suffering from familial Mediterranean fever (FMF). Other investigators have proved that CO is an in vitro inhibitor of proliferation of osteoblasts and osteosarcoma cells, and is a non‐selective mitosis inhibitor and selective inhibitor of mineralization.Methods: A double blind prospective study comprised four groups of adult rats. The left posterior tibia in each rat was fractured except in one of the control groups. The study groups were treated with CO 1 mg/kg/day 1 week before, or on the fracture day. The control groups did not receive CO treatment. Six weeks after fracture induction the groups were compared radiographically mechanically and histologically.Results: Prolonged CO treatment had a significant negative influence on fracture healing according to radiological, clinical, mechanical (p < 0.02), and pathological parameters (p < 0.0001).Conclusions: We were able to demonstrate that prolonged CO treatment reduced bone healing. © 2005 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
In vitro analysis of the cement mantle of femoral hip implants: Development and validation of a CT‐scan based measurement tool
Authors: Scheerlinck Thierry , De Mey Johan , Deklerck Rudi 
Published: February 2005

AbstractWe developed, validated and assessed inter‐ and intraobserver reliability of a CT‐scan based measurement tool to evaluate morphological characteristics of the bone–cement–stem complex of hip implants in cadaver femurs. Two different models were investigated: the stem‐cavity model using a double tapered polished femoral‐stem that is removed after cement curing and the plastic‐replica model using a stereolithographic stem replica that is left in place during CT‐scanning. Software was developed to segment and analyze connective CT‐images and identify the contours of bone, cement, and stem based on their respective gray values. Volume parameters (whole specimen, cement, stem, air contents of bone and cement), concentricity parameters (distances between centroids of stem and cement, cement and bone, stem and bone), contact surfaces (bone/air and cement/bone) and bone cement mantle thickness parameters were calculated. A three‐dimensional protocol was developed to evaluate the minimal mantle thickness out of the CT‐plane. The average accuracy for surfaces within CT‐images was 7.47 mm2 (1.80%), for bone and cement mantle thickness it was 0.51 mm (9.39%), for distances between centroids it was 0.38 mm (18.5%) and contours: 0.27 mm (2.57%). The intra‐ and interobserver reliability of air content in bone and cement was sub‐optimal (intraclass‐correlation coefficient (JCC) as low as 0.54 with an average ICC of 0.85). All other variables were reliable (ICC > 0.81, average ICC: 0.96). This in vitro technique can assess characteristics of cement mantles produced by different cementing techniques, stem types or centralizers. © 2005 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Inhibition of granuloma‐associated angiogenesis by controlling mast cell mediator release: role of mast cell protease‐5
Authors: Russo Annapina , Russo Giulia , Peticca Manuela , Pietropaolo Concetta , Di Rosa Massimo , Iuvone Teresa 
Published: February 2005

We investigated the role of mast cells in granuloma‐associated angiogenesis in rat by using: (i) a mast cell membrane stabilizer, ketotifen; (ii) a mast cell depleting agent, compound 48/80. Moreover, we focused on the role of chymases, which exhibit proinflammatory and proangiogenic properties by using: (i) chymostatin, an inhibitor of chymase activity; (ii) a specific antisense oligonucleotide (AS‐ODN) designed against rat mast cell protease‐5 (rMCP‐5), the most abundantly expressed chymase in the skin.
The formation of granuloma was evaluated, as wet weight, 96 h after the subcutaneous implant of two λ‐carrageenin (1%)‐soaked sponges on the back of male Wistar rats. Angiogenesis was evaluated as haemoglobin content in the granulomatous tissue and as level of tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) in the exudates.
A single injection of ketotifen (1–5–25 mg kg−1 i.p.) significantly reduced granuloma formation by 31.6, 44.6 and 71.9%, and haemoglobin content by 17.0, 35.0 and 66.2%, suggesting that the release of mediator(s) from mast cells modulates the process. Chymostatin (5–10 nmol−1 site−1 day−1) reduced granuloma‐associated angiogenesis by 57.3 and 70.0%.
RT–PCR analysis showed that rMCP‐5 mRNA amounts were significantly reduced by rMCP‐5 AS‐ODN (1.25–2.5–5.0 nmol site−1) by 69.5, 72.5 and 81.8%. In parallel experiments, rMCP‐5 AS‐ODN (1.25, 2.5, 5.0 nmol site−1) strongly reduced granuloma weight (26.1, 45.0 and 56.3%) and haemoglobin content (22.2, 50.4, 62.03%), suggesting that the observed effect is mediated through an antisense mechanism.
In conclusion, these data suggest that: (i) inhibition of mast cell mediators release may represent a novel strategy to modulate angiogenesis; (ii) among the chymase family, rMCP‐5 is a key promoter of angiogenesis in the rat.

British Journal of Pharmacology (2005) 145, 24–33. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0706112
ClC‐3: more than just a volume‐sensitive Cl− channel
Authors: Remillard Carmelle V , Yuan Jason X‐J 
Published: February 2005

Pulmonary vascular medial hypertrophy due to enhanced pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell (PASMC) proliferation and/or decreased PASMC apoptosis is a primary cause of increased pulmonary vascular resistance and arterial pressure in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension. While many factors can contribute to this form of vascular remodeling, it is generally agreed upon that altered transmembrane ion flux via ion channels is involved. While much focus has centered on the role of cations and cation channels in controlling PASMC contraction and proliferation, anion efflux via Cl− channels has recently gained interest for its role in SMC proliferation, differentiation, migration, contraction, and angiogenesis. In this issue, Dai et al. report that the putative volume‐sensitive ClC‐3 channel is upregulated in PASMC from monocrotaline‐induced pulmonary hypertensive rats and in inflammatory cytokine‐treated canine PASMC. They also provide evidence that ClC‐3 upregulation may protect against oxidative stress‐induced PASMC necrosis, thereby improving PASMC survival and promoting medial hypertrophy.British Journal of Pharmacology (2005) 145, 1–2. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0706136
Inhibition of TGF‐β signaling by an ALK5 inhibitor protects rats from dimethylnitrosamine‐induced liver fibrosis
Authors: de Gouville Anne‐Charlotte , Boullay Valerie , Krysa Gael , Pilot Julia , Brusq Jean‐Marie , Loriolle Florence , Gauthier Jean‐Michel , Papworth Stephen A , Laroze Alain , Gellibert Françoise , Huet Stephane 
Published: February 2005

Chronic liver disease is characterized by an exacerbated accumulation of matrix, causing progressive fibrosis, which may lead to cirrhosis. Transforming growth factor beta (TGF‐β), a well‐known profibrotic cytokine, transduces its signal through the ALK5 ser/thr kinase receptor, and increases transcription of different genes including PAI‐1 and collagens. The identification of GW6604 (2‐phenyl‐4‐(3‐pyridin‐2‐yl‐1H‐pyrazol‐4‐yl)pyridine), an ALK5 inhibitor, allowed us to evaluate the therapeutic potential of inhibiting TGF‐β pathway in different models of liver disease.
A cellular assay was used to identify GW6604 as a TGF‐β signaling pathway inhibitor. This ALK5 inhibitor was then tested in a model of liver hepatectomy in TGF‐β‐overexpressing transgenic mice, in an acute model of liver disease and in a chronic model of dimethylnitrosamine (DMN)‐induced liver fibrosis.
In vitro, GW6604 inhibited autophosphorylation of ALK5 with an IC50 of 140 nM and in a cellular assay inhibited TGF‐β‐induced transcription of PAI‐1 (IC50: 500 nM). In vivo, GW6604 (40 mg kg−1 p.o.) increased liver regeneration in TGF‐β‐overexpressing mice, which had undergone partial hepatectomy. In an acute model of liver disease, GW6604 reduced by 80% the expression of collagen IA1. In a chronic model of DMN‐induced fibrosis where DMN was administered for 6 weeks and GW6604 dosed for the last 3 weeks (80 mg kg−1 p.o., b.i.d.), mortality was prevented and DMN‐induced elevations of mRNA encoding for collagen IA1, IA2, III, TIMP‐1 and TGF‐β were reduced by 50–75%. Inhibition of matrix genes overexpression was accompanied by reduced matrix deposition and reduction in liver function deterioration, as assessed by bilirubin and liver enzyme levels.
Our results suggest that inhibition of ALK5 could be an attractive new approach to treatment of liver fibrotic diseases by both preventing matrix deposition and promoting hepatocyte regeneration.

British Journal of Pharmacology (2005) 145, 166–177. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0706172
Influence of feeding level and of protein level in early life on the cellularity of adipose tissue and body fat content of growing pigs
Authors: Campbell R. G. , Dunkin A. C. 
Published: February 2005

1. The effects of level of feeding and level of protein in the early postnatal period on the cellularity of subcutaneous adipose tissue and body fat content of pigs were investigated in two experiments.2. In Expt 1, piglets were given a common liquid diet at energy intakes equivalent to 2·8 or 5·2 times energy for maintenance (M) between 1·8 and 6·5 kg live weight (LW), and a common dry diet at 2·8 or 4·5 M between 6·5 and 20 kg LW. Between 20 and 75 kg LW all pigs were given a second dry diet at 4·0 M.3. In both experiments the effects of nutritional treatments on fat cell number at 20 and 75 kg LW (Expt 1) and at 45 kg LW (Expt 2) were assessed by measuring the DNA content of the subcutaneous adipose tissue contained in the left shoulder joint. Fat cell size was assessed in the same tissue by measuring the diameter of collagenase-released adipocytes.4. In Expt 1, raising the level of feeding between 1·8 and 6·5 kg LW increased body fat content and average fat cell diameter at both 6·5 (P< 0·01) and 20 kg LW (P< 0·05) but had no effect on either measurement at 75 kg LW. Similarly, raising the level of feeding between 6·5 and 20 kg LW increased body fat content and fat cell size at both 20 (P< 0·01) and 75 kg LW (P< 0·05). There was an almost twofold increase in the DNA content of subcutaneous adipose tisuue between 20 and 75 kg LW. However, it was not significantly affected at either weight by level of feeding before or subsequent to 6·5 kg LW.5. In Expt 2, reducing the level of dietary protein between 1·8 and 6·5 kg LW increased body fat content (P< 0·01) and fat cell size (P< 0·01) at the latter weight. Although level of dietary protein to 6·5 kg LW had no effect on body fat content or the weight of subcutaneous adipose tissue in the shoulder joint at 45 kg LW, pigs given the lowest-protein diet contained less DNA (P< 0·05) in the subcutaneous adipose tissue and had larger (P< 0·05) fat cells than those given the highest-protein diet to 6·5 kg LW. Reducing the protein content of the diet fed subsequent to 6·5 kg LW increased the body fat content (P< 0·01) and fat cell size (P< 0·01) at 45 kg LW.