bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk profiles of adults with heavy alcohol use: Drinking patterns, behavioral and metabolic factors, health problems, and racial and ethnic disparities
Authors: Palzes Vanessa A. , Chi Felicia W. , Weisner Constance , Kline‐Simon Andrea H. , Satre Derek D. , Sterling Stacy 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundHeavy alcohol use is a growing risk factor for chronic disease, yet little is known about its co‐occurrence with other risk factors and health problems. This study aimed to identify risk profiles of adults with heavy alcohol use and examined potential disparities by race and ethnicity.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study included 211,333 adults with heavy alcohol use (in excess of daily or weekly limits recommended by National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism) between June 1, 2013 and December 31, 2014 in Kaiser Permanente Northern California. Latent class analysis was used to examine how heavy drinking patterns clustered with other behavioral and metabolic risk factors and health problems to form risk profiles. Multinomial logistic regression models were fit to examine associations between race, ethnicity, and risk profiles.ResultsA 5‐class model was selected as best fitting the data and representing clinically meaningful risk profiles: (1) “heavy daily drinking and lower health risks” (DAILY, 44.3%); (2) “substance use disorder and mental health disorder” (SUD/MH, 2.3%); (3) “heavy weekly drinking and lower health risks” (WEEKLY, 19.6%); (4) “heavy daily drinking and more health risks” (DAILY‐R, 18.5%); (5) “heavy weekly drinking and more health risks” (WEEKLY‐R, 15.3%). American Indian or Alaska Native (AIAN) and Black patients had higher odds than White patients of being in the SUD/MH, DAILY‐R, and WEEKLY‐R profiles than the DAILY profile. AIAN, Black, and Latino/Hispanic patients had higher odds than White patients of being in the SUD/MH, DAILY‐R, and WEEKLY‐R profiles rather than the WEEKLY profile.ConclusionsAIAN, Black, and Latino/Hispanic patients with self‐reported heavy drinking were more likely to be in risk profiles with greater alcohol consumption, more health risks, and higher morbidity. Targeted, culturally appropriate interventions for heavy alcohol use that may address other modifiable risk factors are needed to work towards health equity.
Cotton harvest aid products can favour the formation of structures that protectAnthonomus grandis grandisBoheman(Coleoptera: Curculionidae) from insecticide application
Authors: do Vale Willian Santos , de Moraes Beatriz M. L. , dos Santos Iuri , Coelho Beatriz S. , Cardoso Ana Carolina P. , Neto Benício de M. Santos , Araújo Lilian R. , Bastos Cristina S. , da Silva Carlos A. Domingues , Castellani Maria Aparecida 
Published: October 2023

AbstractCotton,Gossypium hirsutumL., has an indeterminate growth habit. Therefore, the plant growing season leads to crops with a large amount of immature vegetative and reproductive structures, thus requiring the use of defoliants to promote the abscission of these structures and enable mechanical harvesting. However, the use of defoliants can negatively affect the development of immature fruits.This study examined the influence of defoliants, applied alone or in combination with each other, on the formation of dry and malformed reproductive structures of cotton, known as dry bolls, used as shelter by the boll weevilAnthonomus grandis grandisBoheman during cotton fallow periods. We investigated the influence of defoliants, applied alone, or combined with each other or with insecticide, on boll weevil mortality. In addition, we tested the susceptibility of boll weevils inside dry bolls to the action of insecticide.The results indicate that the defoliants can increase the number of dry bolls by up to 3.4 times, in relation to the control, 20 days after its application. The studied defoliants did not exert toxic effects on boll weevil when applied separately, nor synergistic effects of toxicity when combined with each other or with insecticides. At the end of the insecticide spraying experiments, the number of live boll weevils was 8.4 times greater when the insect was housed in dry capsules than when not housed.Defoliants can increase the formation of dry bolls, which can reduce boll weevil mortality due to insecticide application and hamper pest management.
Effect of nociception level index‐guided intra‐operative analgesia on early postoperative pain and opioid consumption: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Bornemann‐Cimenti H. , Lang‐Illievich K. , Kovalevska K. , Brenna C. T. A. , Klivinyi C. 
Published: October 2023

SummaryAcute postoperative pain remains a critical treatment priority and has prompted a search for technologies and techniques to assist with intra‐operative analgesic monitoring and management. Anaesthetists traditionally rely on clinical judgement to guide intra‐operative analgesia, but several emerging technologies such as the nociception level index herald the possibility of routine intra‐operative analgesia monitoring. However, the impact of devices like nociception level index on postoperative outcomes has not been proven. We undertook a systematic review and meta‐analysis of articles which compared nociception level index‐guided analgesia to standard care. The primary outcomes were pain intensity and opioid consumption during the first 60–120 min after surgery. Secondary outcomes were the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting and duration of stay in the post‐anaesthesia care unit. Ten studies, collectively including 662 patients and published between 2019 and 2023, met inclusion criteria for both the qualitative systematic review and quantitative meta‐analysis. Risk of methodological bias was generally low or unclear, and six studies reported a significant conflict of interest relevant to their findings. Our meta‐analysis was performed using a random‐effects model. It found statistically significant benefits of nociception level index‐guided analgesia for early postoperative pain (mean (95%CI) difference ‐0.46 (‐0.88 to ‐0.03) on an 11‐point scale, p = 0.03), and opioid requirement (mean (95%CI) difference ‐1.04 (‐1.94 to ‐0.15) mg intravenous morphine equivalent, p = 0.02). Our meta‐analysis of the current literature finds that nociception level index‐guided analgesia statistically significantly reduces reported postoperative pain intensity and opioid consumption but fails to show clinically relevant outcomes. We found no evidence that nociception level index‐guided analgesia affected postoperative nausea and vomiting nor duration of stay in the post‐anaesthesia care unit.
The effect of oral dexamethasone on duration of analgesia after upper limb surgery under infraclavicular brachial plexus block: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Maagaard M. , Plambech M. Z. , Funder K. S. , Schou N. K. , Mølgaard A. K. , Stormholt E. R. , Leth M. F. , Bukhari S. , Mortensen A. , Lunn T. H. , Tryggedsson I. , Nørskov A. K. , Zamany C. , Toquer P. , Jæger P. , Andersen J. H. , Mathiesen O. 
Published: October 2023

SummaryThe effects of oral dexamethasone on peripheral nerve blocks have not been investigated. We randomly allocated adults scheduled for forearm or hand surgery to oral placebo (n = 61), dexamethasone 12 mg (n = 61) or dexamethasone 24 mg (n = 58) about 45 min before lateral infraclavicular block. Mean (SD) time until first pain after block were: 818 (219) min; 1171 (318) min; and 1256 (395) min, respectively. Mean (98.3%CI) differences in time until first postoperative pain for dexamethasone 24 mg vs. placebo and vs. dexamethasone 12 mg were: 437 (280–594) min, p < 0.001; and 85 (‐78 to 249) min, p = 0.21, respectively. Mean (98.3%CI) difference in time until first postoperative pain for dexamethasone 12 mg vs. placebo was 354 (218–490) min, p < 0.001. Both 24 mg and 12 mg of oral dexamethasone increased the time until first postoperative pain compared with placebo in patients having upper limb surgery under infraclavicular brachial plexus block.
Role of perfusion medium in rewarming machine perfusion from hypo‐ to normothermia
Authors: von Horn Charlotte , Lüer Bastian , Malkus Laura , Minor Thomas 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundGradual warming up of cold stored organ grafts using a controlled machine perfusion protocol facilitates restitution of cellular homeostasis and mitigates rewarming injury by adapted increase of temperature and metabolism. The aim of the present study was to compare intra‐ and extracellular type perfusion media for the use in machine perfusion‐assisted rewarming from hypo‐ to normothermia.MethodsRat livers were retrieved 20 min after cardiac arrest. After 18 h of cold storage (CS) with or without additional 2 h of rewarming machine perfusion from 8°C up to 35°C with either diluted Steen solution or with Belzer MPS, liver functional parameters were evaluated by an established ex vivo reperfusion system.ResultsRewarming machine perfusion with either solution significantly improved graft performance upon reperfusion in terms of increased bile production, less enzyme release, and reduced lipid peroxidation compared to CS alone. Cellular apoptosis (release of caspase‐cleaved keratin 18) and release of tumor necrosis factor were only reduced significantly after machine perfusion with Belzer MPS. Histological evaluation did not disclose any major morphological damage in any of the groups.ConclusionWithin the limitation of our model, the use of Belzer MPS seems to be an at least adequate alternative to a normothermic medium like Steen solution for rewarming machine perfusion of cold liver grafts.
Effect of isotretinoin on CYP2D6 and CYP3A activity in patients with severe acne
Authors: Zhao Yuqian , Vary Jay C. , Yadav Aprajita S. , Czuba Lindsay C. , Shum Sara , LaFrance Jeffrey , Huang Weize , Isoherranen Nina , Hebert Mary F. 
Published: October 2023

AimsPreviously, retinoids have decreased CYP2D6 mRNA expression in vitro and induced CYP3A4 in vitro and in vivo. This study aimed to determine whether isotretinoin administration changes CYP2D6 and CYP3A activities in patients with severe acne.MethodsThirty‐three patients (22 females and 11 males, 23.5 ± 6.0 years old) expected to receive isotretinoin treatment completed the study. All participants were genotyped for CYP2D6 and CYP3A5. Participants received dextromethorphan (DM) 30 mg orally as a dual‐probe substrate of CYP2D6 and CYP3A activity at two study timepoints: pre‐isotretinoin treatment and with isotretinoin for at least 1 week. The concentrations of isotretinoin, DM and their metabolites were measured in 2‐h postdose plasma samples and in cumulative 0‐4‐h urine collections using liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry.ResultsIn CYP2D6 extensive metabolizers, the urinary dextrorphan (DX)/DM metabolic ratio (MR) (CYP2D6 activity marker) was numerically, but not significantly, lower with isotretinoin administration compared to pre‐isotretinoin (geometric mean ratio [GMR] [90% confidence interval (CI)] 0.78 [0.55, 1.11]). The urinary 3‐hydroxymorphinan (3HM)/DX MR (CYP3A activity marker) was increased (GMR 1.18 [1.03, 1.35]) and the urinary DX‐O‐glucuronide/DX MR (proposed UGT2B marker) was increased (GMR 1.22 [1.06, 1.39]) with isotretinoin administration compared to pre‐isotretinoin.ConclusionsAdministration of isotretinoin did not significantly reduce CYP2D6 activity in extensive metabolizers, suggesting that the predicted downregulation of CYP2D6 based on in vitro data does not translate into humans. We observed a modest increase in CYP3A activity (predominantly CYP3A4) with isotretinoin treatment. The data also suggest that DX glucuronidation is increased following isotretinoin administration.
Effect of CYP2D6 genotype on duloxetine serum concentration
Authors: Hole Kristine , Gangsø Sofie , Jensstuen Åsa Tonette , Ormøy Hanne Holte , Paulsen Maren , Molden Espen , Haslemo Tore 
Published: October 2023

AbstractDuloxetine is metabolized by cytochrome P450 (CYP)1A2 and CYP2D6. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the CYP2D6 genotype on duloxetine serum concentration adjusting for age and sex. Patients were included retrospectively from a therapeutic drug monitoring service. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to investigate the effect of CYP2D6 genotype, age and sex on the duloxetine concentration‐to‐dose (C/D) ratio. In total, 269 patients were included and assigned to the following genotype‐predicted phenotype subgroups: CYP2D6 poor metabolizers (PMs, n = 23), intermediate metabolizers (IMs, n = 121), normal metabolizers (NMs, n = 120) and ultrarapid metabolizers (UMs, n = 5). Multiple linear regression analysis revealed a 95% higher duloxetine C/D ratio in PMs compared with NMs (p = 0.009). Patients ≥65 years had a 56% higher C/D ratio than younger patients (p = 0.01), while women had a 46% higher C/D ratio than men (p = 0.04). In conclusion, the CYP2D6 PM phenotype is associated with a twofold higher concentration at recommended dosing compared with the NM phenotype. CYP2D6 PM females above 65 years are at particular risk of high duloxetine levels as they may obtain a threefold higher C/D ratio compared with younger, male NMs.
Category intersections as conceptual combinations: Combining male categories of age and sexual orientation
Authors: Coladonato Rosandra , Yzerbyt Vincent , Carnaghi Andrea 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWe reconcile interactive and additive models of category intersection by recasting these theoretical efforts within the conceptual combination framework. In three studies (Ntot = 364), we showed that, in line with an interactive approach, combining ‘elderly men’ with ‘gay men’ generated an atypical subtype with unique attributes that could not be reduced to the sum of the attributes of the constituent categories (Studies 1–3). Moreover, consistent with the additive models, combining ‘heterosexual men’ with age categories (i.e. young/elderly men, Study 1) made their age typicality particularly salient, and ‘young men’ with sexual orientation categories (i.e. gay/heterosexual men, Study 2) emphasized their sexual orientation typicality. Also, participants not only appraised ‘gay men’ and ‘young gay men’ in part as redundant categories, but they also judged ‘elderly men’ and ‘elderly heterosexual men’ to be largely overlapping. These findings take advantage of a multi‐method assessment, spanning from measures of perceived typicality to the analysis of attributes freely generated in reaction to the target categories. Our results inform cognitive models of multiple category combinations and shed light on the cognitive ‘invisibility’ of elderly gay men and its social implications.
Lepidoptera research in Puerto Rico: Reconnecting with historical legacies to guide future priorities
Authors: Terry Caitlin N. , Alonso‐Rodríguez Aura M. , Miller Scott E. , Hulshof Catherine M. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe Caribbean archipelago of Puerto Rico supports a diverse flora and fauna and is located in a region characterized by complex socio‐economic and environmental change. The diversity of entomofauna across Puerto Rico has received considerable attention in wide‐scale research over the last century, with particular emphasis on the order Lepidoptera as the subject of substantial taxonomic and ecological surveys. However, much of this work is incomplete, outdated, or has been obscured in gray literature. Thus, our primary objectives were to contextualize the role of past research in the current understanding of Puerto Rican Lepidoptera and to outline an agenda for future research. Specifically, we provide an overview of taxonomic, ecological, agricultural, and conservation Lepidoptera research in Puerto Rico and highlight key studies and historical datasets. We found that, despite a strong taxonomic legacy, native moth taxonomy remains poorly understood, except for a few major pests. Further, much of the recent Lepidoptera research has focused on short‐term evaluations of agricultural pests, necessitated by immediate economic needs. The current ecological status of Lepidoptera on the islands is unknown. Therefore, prioritizing ecological research could provide timely insight for understanding changing Lepidoptera diversity and distribution and for conserving this biologically and economically significant group. Greater emphasis on long‐term monitoring and digitization of museum collections would be particularly useful for quantifying past and forecasting future impacts of global change.Abstract in Spanish is available with online material.
The role of visual rating and automated brain volumetry in early detection and differential diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Mai Yingren , Cao Zhiyu , Zhao Lei , Yu Qun , Xu Jiaxin , Liu Wenyan , Liu Bowen , Tang Jingyi , Luo Yishan , Liao Wang , Fang Wenli , Ruan Yuting , Lei Ming , Mok Vincent C. T. , Shi Lin , Liu Jun ,   for the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundMedial temporal lobe atrophy (MTA) is a diagnostic marker for mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD), but the accuracy of quantitative MTA (QMTA) in diagnosing early AD is unclear. This study aimed to investigate the accuracy of QMTA and its related components (inferior lateral ventricle [ILV] and hippocampus) with MTA in the early diagnosis of MCI and AD.MethodsThis study included four groups: normal (NC), MCI stable (MCIs), MCI converted to AD (MCIs), and mild AD (M‐AD) groups. Magnetic resonance image analysis software was used to quantify the hippocampus, ILV, and QMTA. MTA was rated by two experienced neurologists. Receiver operating characteristic area under the curve (AUC) analysis was performed to compare their capability in differentiating AD from NC and MCI, and optimal thresholds were determined using the Youden index.ResultsQMTA distinguished M‐AD from NC and MCI with higher diagnostic accuracy than MTA, hippocampus, and ILV (AUCNC = 0.976, AUCMCI = 0.836, AUCMCIs = 0.894, AUCMCIc = 0.730). The diagnostic accuracy of QMTA was superior to that of MTA, the hippocampus, and ILV in differentiating MCI from AD. The diagnostic accuracy of QMTA was found to remain the best across age, sex, and pathological subgroups analyzed. The sensitivity (92.45%) and specificity (90.64%) were higher in this study when a cutoff value of 0.635 was chosen for QMTA.ConclusionsQMTA may be a better choice than the MTA scale or the associated quantitative components alone in identifying AD patients and MCI individuals with higher progression risk.
Truncated Dyrk1A aggravates neuronal apoptosis by inhibiting ASF‐mediated Bcl‐x exon 2b inclusion
Authors: Zhang Shuqiang , Zhong Junjie , Xu Lian , Wu Yue , Xu Jie , Shi Jianhua , Gu Zhikai , Li Xiaoyu , Jin Nana 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAimAggravated neuronal loss, caused mainly by neuronal apoptosis, is observed in the brain of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and animal models of AD. A truncated form of Dual‐specific and tyrosine phosphorylation‐regulated protein kinase 1A (Dyrk1A) plays a vital role in AD pathogenesis. Downregulation of anti‐apoptotic Bcl‐xL is tightly correlated with neuronal loss in AD. However, the molecular regulation of neuronal apoptosis and Bcl‐x expression by Dyrk1A in AD remains largely elusive. Here, we aimed to explore the role and molecular mechanism of Dyrk1A in apoptosis.MethodsCell Counting Kit‐8 (CCK8), flow cytometry, and TdT‐mediated dUTP Nick‐End Labeling (TUNEL) were used to check apoptosis. The cells, transfected with Dyrk1A or/and ASF with Bcl‐x minigene, were used to assay Bcl‐x expression by RT‐PCR and Western blots. Co‐immunoprecipitation, autoradiography, and immunofluorescence were conducted to check the interaction of ASF and Dyrk1A. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) of apoptosis‐related genes was performed in mice overexpressing Dyrk1A (TgDyrk1A) and AD model 5xFAD mice.ResultsDyrk1A promoted Bcl‐xS expression and apoptosis. Splicing factor ASF promoted Bcl‐x exon 2b inclusion, leading to increased Bcl‐xL expression. Dyrk1A suppressed ASF‐mediated Bcl‐x exon 2b inclusion via phosphorylation. The C‐terminus deletion of Dyrk1A facilitated its binding and kinase activity to ASF. Moreover, Dyrk1a1–483 further suppressed the ASF‐mediated Bcl‐x exon 2b inclusion and aggravated apoptosis. The truncated Dyrk1A, increased Bcl‐xS, and enrichment of apoptosis‐related genes was observed in the brain of 5xFAD mice.ConclusionsWe speculate that increased Dyrk1A and truncated Dyrk1A may aggravate neuronal apoptosis by decreasing the ratio of Bcl‐xL/Bcl‐xS via phosphorylating ASF in AD.
Discovering human cell‐compatible gene therapy virus variants via optimized screening in mouse models
Authors: Dai Moyu , Yang Ning , Xu Kai , Zhang Jingwen , Li Xueke , Zhang Ying , Li Wei 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn gene therapy, intravenous injection of viral vectors reigns as the primary administration route. These vectors include adeno‐associated viruses, adenoviruses, herpes viruses, rhabdoviruses and others. However, these naturally occurring viruses lack inherent tissue or organ tropism for tailored disease treatment. To address this, we devised an optimized process involving directed viral capsid evolution, organ‐specific humanized mouse models and in vitro‐in vivo virus screening. Our approach allows for the rapid generation specifically modified adeno‐associated virus variants, surpassing the time required for natural evolution, which spans millions of years. Notably, these variants exhibit robust targeting of the liver, favouring chimeric human liver cells over murine hepatocytes. Furthermore, certain variants achieve augmented targeting with reduced off‐target organ infection, thereby mitigating dosage requirements and enhancing safety in gene therapy.
Assessment of quality improvement of simulation‐based learning using an evidence‐based framework in dental education
Authors: Zain Erum , Talreja Nidhi , Hesarghatta Ramamurthy Priyadarshini , Muzaffar Danish , Rehman Kiran , Khan Asfand Ali , Jubapu Ayesha Shaziya , Termizi Ahmad 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIntroductionSimulation‐based education is of paramount importance in a dental pre‐clinical setting. Hence, continuous quality improvement is crucial to optimize students' knowledge and clinical skills. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of evidence‐based simulation learning (EBSL) compared with traditional‐based simulation learning (TBSL) using Plan‐Do‐Study‐Act (PDSA) model.Materials and MethodsThis quality improvement project was undertaken at a private university. Guided by the PDSA model, rubber dam application tasks were conducted in the simulation lab in 2 phases. Phase 1 included TBSL and phase 2 included EBSL comprising of 2 PDSA cycles. ‘Plan’ stage involved obtaining feedback from students and the concerned staff. ‘Do’ stage included implementation of EBSL in eight steps adopted from Higgins's framework. ‘Study’ stage evaluated the outcomes and in ‘Act’ stage amendments were made to the first EBSL cycle. In the second PDSA cycle re‐implementation and evaluation of the rubber dam application exercises were carried out. Descriptive data were presented as percentages and mean scores were compared using paired t‐test.ResultsThirty‐seven year 2 students participated in this study. A significant improvement in the mean scores was observed between TBSL and EBSL (3.02 + 0.16 and 3.91 + 0.27, respectively, p < .001) using PDSA model with the highest mean score for rubber dam application in the second PDSA cycle for EBSL (4.00 + 0.01). Ninety‐five per cent of the students provided positive feedback pertaining to EBSL.ConclusionEBSL was effective in achieving high student satisfaction, desired knowledge, and skills required during simulation‐based exercises. The PDSA cycle can be considered to optimize pre‐clinical skills learning.