bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing global beryllium erosion via tomographic reconstruction of 3D beryllium emission profiles in ITER
Authors: Neverov Vladislav S , Pitts Richard A , Khusnutdinov Radmir I , Alekseev Andrey G , Andreenko Evgeny N , Carr Matthew , Kocan Martin , De Bock Maarten , Gorshkov Alexey V , Kozlov Andrey M , Kukushkin A B , Lovell Jack , Meakins Alex , Morozov Anton A , Veshchev Evgeny 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
A new method for estimating the global erosion of beryllium (Be) in ITER is proposed. The method uses ray tracing-aided tomography to reconstruct the three-dimensional (3D) profile of beryllium visible-light emissivity in boundary plasma from images captured with filtered cameras of VIS/IR wide angle viewing system, H-alpha (and Visible) Spectroscopy diagnostics and signals collected with divertor impurity monitor. The light reflected into the detectors from metallic plasma-facing components (PFCs) is filtered out in the process. The reconstructed Be emissivity is then used to assess the Be influx density distribution along all Be PFCs by integrating the product of the emissivity and the S/XB coefficient along the normal to the PFC surface. The accuracy of this method is evaluated by a comparison with synthetic emissivity data produced by recent simulation of global Be erosion and migration in ITER using the ERO2.0 code. The impact of the uncertainty of PFC light reflection properties on the error in reconstructing the 3D Be emissivity profile and Be influx density is analyzed. The method allows to recover with good accuracy the Be influx density in plasma-wetted areas under the conditions of H-mode fusion power operation with high plasma density in far scrape-off layer (SOL). Under the conditions of lower far-SOL plasma density and L-mode operation, only the total Be influx integrated over the area of the first wall panels with relatively high Be erosion can be reconstructed with a high accuracy. It is shown that neglecting the effects of light reflection may lead to a twofold overestimation of the total Be influx.
A quench detection method for parallel co-wound HTS coils based on current redistribution
Authors: Hu Changhao , Lin Yi , Tan Yunfei , Wang Lei , Geng Jianzhao 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
High-temperature superconducting (HTS) coated conductors (CCs) have become the preferred material for superconducting magnet applications due to their high engineering current density and high mechanical strength. However, due to the low quench zone propagation velocity of CCs, magnets wound with CCs suffer from severe quench risks. Therefore, a rapid, sensitive, and reliable quench detection method is crucial for the safe operation of such HTS magnets. In this paper, we propose a quench detection method based on current redistribution, in which two pieces of HTS CCs are soldered together at each end and insulated in the middle part, which are then parallel co-wound into a double-pancake coil. The two tightly coupled windings and low resistance joints form a very low inductance current loop, resulting in fast current redistribution between the two co-windings even at the inception of quench (with still low quench voltage). We deduced analytical solutions of the current redistribution process under different magnet operational scenarios, including constant current operation, charging and discharging, and proposed quench detection criteria. Corresponding quench tests were performed on a small scale co-wound HTS coil, and the results well verified the analytical solutions and the effectiveness of the quench detection method. Our work may be useful for lowering the risks in HTS magnet quench in various applications.
An experimental study to investigate magnetic field and winding force-dependent contact resistance of NI REBCO coil
Authors: Bang Jeseok , Bradford Griffin , Lee Jonathan , Abraimov Dmytro 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This paper reports the magnetic field and winding force-dependent contact resistance, also known as characteristic resistance, of no-insulation (NI) REBCO coil. Three NI coils were wound with different winding forces (

<

1 kgf, 3 kgf, and 5 kgf) using the same REBCO-coated conductor, and they were tested at 4.2 K in a background field of 0, 5, 10, and 14 T. The contact resistance of each coil is measured at each field. As a result of the measurements, we draw two conclusions. First, a quadratic function for magnetic field intensity reasonably reproduces the measurement results of each NI test coil’s magnetic field-dependent contact resistance, where the practical fit function’s coefficients are determined depending on the winding force. Second, the contact resistance of each coil is partially inconsistent with the magnetoresistance of the electroplated material, i.e. copper, of the REBCO-coated conductor. This paper will present the measurement results in detail, discuss them with Kohler’s rule, and formulate the contact resistance using winding force and magnetic field terms.
Measuring relational information between quantum states, and applications
Authors: Oszmaniec Michał , Brod Daniel J , Galvão Ernesto F 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The geometrical arrangement of a set of quantum states can be completely characterized using relational information only. This information is encoded in the pairwise state overlaps, as well as in Bargmann invariants of higher degree written as traces of products of density matrices. We describe how to measure Bargmann invariants using suitable generalizations of the SWAP test. This allows for a complete and robust characterization of the projective-unitary invariant properties of any set of pure or mixed states. As applications, we describe basis-independent tests for linear independence, coherence, and imaginarity. We also show that Bargmann invariants can be used to characterize multi-photon indistinguishability.
A strontium lattice clock with both stability and uncertainty below
5×10−18
Authors: Li Jie , Cui Xing-Yang , Jia Zhi-Peng , Kong De-Quan , Yu Hai-Wei , Zhu Xian-Qing , Liu Xiao-Yong , Wang De-Zhong , Zhang Xiang , Huang Xin-Yun , Zhu Ming-Yi , Yang Yu-Meng , Hu Yi , Liu Xiang-Pei , Zhai Xiao-Min , Liu Peng , Jiang Xiao , Xu Ping , Dai Han-Ning , Chen Yu-Ao , Pan Jian-Wei 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
We report the realization of the closed-loop operation of an optical lattice clock based on 87Sr atoms. A cavity-stabilized 698 nm laser is used to probe the

1

S
0

→
3

P
0

clock transition of strontium atoms trapped in optical lattices. Therein, we obtain a Fourier-limited Rabi spectrum with 0.6 Hz linewidth. The two transitions from

m

F

=
±
9

/

2

ground states are alternatively interrogated to realize the closed-loop operation of the clock, and the clock laser light is frequency-stabilized to the center of the two transitions. Based on the interleaved measurement, the frequency instability of a single optical clock is optimized for the Dick effect, which is demonstrated to be

4.5
×

10

−
16

/

τ

, with τ being the averaging time for measurement. Further, we build another similar setup of the strontium lattice clock, which is used for the asynchronous comparison between the two clocks, where the stability is measured as

2.1
×

10

−
18

at 47 000 s. Moreover, we carefully calibrate the systematic effects of the Sr1 optical clock, and the total uncertainty is evaluated as

4.4
×

10

−
18

.
The effect of plasma shaping on high density H-mode SOL profiles and fluctuations in TCV
Authors: Stagni A. , Vianello N. , Agostini M. , Colandrea C. , Gorno S. , Labit B. , Sheikh U. , Simons L. , Sun G. , Tsui C.K. , Ugoletti M. , Wang Y. , Wüthrich C. , Boedo J.A. , Reimerdes H. , Theiler C. ,   the TCV Team
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The impact of plasma shaping on the properties of high density H-mode scrape-off layer (SOL) profiles and transport at the outer midplane has been investigated on Tokamakà configuration variable. The experimental dataset has been acquired by evolving the upper triangularity while keeping the other parameters constant. The scan comprises

δ

u
p

values between 0.0 and 0.6, excluding negative triangularity scenarios. Within this study, a transition from type-I edge localised modes to the quasi-continuous exhaust regime takes place from low to high

δ

u
p

. The modification of the upstream SOL profiles has been assessed, in terms of separatrix quantities, within the

α

t

turbulence control parameter theoretical framework (Eich et al 2020 Nucl. Fusion 60 056016). The target parallel heat load and the upstream near-SOL density profiles have been shown to broaden significantly for increasing

α

t

. Correspondingly, in the far SOL a density shoulder formation is observed when moving from low to high

δ

u
p

. These behaviours have been correlated with an enhancement of the SOL fluctuation level, as registered by wall-mounted Langmuir probes as well as the thermal helium beam diagnostic. Specifically, both the background and the filamentary-induced fluctuating parts of the first wall ion saturation current signal are larger at higher

δ

u
p

, with filaments being ejected more frequently into the SOL. Comparison of two pulses at the extremes of the

δ

u
p

scan range, but with otherwise same input parameters, shows that the midplane neutral pressure does not change much during the H-mode phase of the discharge. This indicates that indirect effects of the change in geometry, linked to first wall recycling sources, should not play a significant role. The total core radiation increases at high

δ

u
p

, on account of a stronger plasma–wall interaction and resulting larger carbon impurity intake from the first wall. This is likely associated to the enhanced first wall fluctuations, as well as a smaller outer gap and the close-to-double-null magnetic topology at high shaping.
Orbit stabilization for the new insertion devices in SSRF
Authors: Liu Xinzhong , Xuan Shouzhi , Tian Shunqiang , Wu Xu , Gong Yihao , Tan Liyuan , Jiao Guangwei 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
During the Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF)
beamline project, fourteen new insertion devices (IDs) have been
successfully installed and transitioned to operation. However, these
new IDs led to considerable closed orbit distortions in the SSRF
storage ring. In the canted beamlines, the theoretical current
values of dipoles required for the closed dual-canted angle were
established, however, errors in the actual machine make a
significant effect on closed orbit. To address this, an adjustment
configuration, based on the response matrix, was developed for the
closed dual-canted angles. Additionally, an orbit feedforward
compensation system equipped with corrector coils, was employed. As
a result, the maximum horizontal and vertical orbit distortions
induced by the IDs were successfully decreased to less than
5.0 μm and 3.5 μm, respectively. Furthermore, a
specialized local fast feedback system was designed to maintain the
precise orbit and angle stability for the Hard X-ray Nanoprobe
beamline.
Area-selective chalcogenization of transition metals through graphene mask
Authors: Song Jaekwang , Lee Jong-Hwan , Park Seoungwoong , Lee Yunseok , Kim Chan-Jin , Ahn Minchul , Hong Byung Hee 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Area-selection reactions have been extensively investigated to control or change physicochemical properties of substances with micro- or nanoscale precision. Several polymeric materials called photoresists have been used to mask and pattern the specific region, which can block chemical reactions or deposition. However, they are not suitable for certain chemical reaction since they are vulnerable to high temperature. Here, we report the graphene mask to achieve area-selective chalcogenization, which is performed at high temperature by chemical vapor deposition method. Due to its physicochemical properties, graphene does not allow chalcogen precursor gases to penetrate into metal films. Several characterizations are performed to prove the successful sulfurization and selenization of molybdenum and tungsten films. As an application, WS2 field-effect transistors with graphene mask are fabricated, and they show the typical characteristics of transistors successfully. Therefore, we expect that graphene-assisted area-selective reaction can be utilized for various fields such as semiconductors, sensors, and etc.
Modification of interlayer interaction in bilayer MoS2 due to monolayer WSe2 in heterostructures
Authors: Oh Siwon , Kim Han-gyu , Kim Jungcheol , Jeong Huiseok , Choi Hyoung Joon , Cheong Hyeonsik 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The low-frequency interlayer vibration modes in bilayer-MoS2/monolayer-WSe2 heterostructures were investigated to study the modification of interlayer interactions due to the moiré periodicity. The interplay of the interlayer interaction within bilayer MoS2 and the interfacial interaction between the two materials results in rich features in the phonon spectra. Several shear and breathing modes are observed for samples with small twist angles (<10°), whereas only one shear and two breathing modes are observed for larger twist angles. For larger twist angles, the interfacial interaction between the two materials amounts to ∼75% of the intrinsic interlayer interaction between the MoS2 layers. The phonon spectrum evolves non-monotonically as the twist angle increases, which is explained with the help of atomistic calculations.
Pressure-driven superconductivity in layered isostructural germanium phosphides
Authors: Huang Junwei , Zhang Caorong , Zhai Kun , Qin Feng , Ao Lingyi , Li Zeya , Zhou Ling , Tang Ming , Dai Xueting , Qiu Caiyu , Zhang Yi , Wen Fusheng , Liu Zhongyuan , Yuan Hongtao 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The discovery of superconductivity and its modulation are long-standing cutting-edge research topics in condensed matter physics. As a powerful tool, the high-pressure technique can be used to achieve novel superconductors and tune their physical properties. One typical example is binary germanium phosphides with different stoichiometries, which exhibit abundant physical properties with layered lattice structures similar to blue phosphorus. The detailed phase diagrams of the Ge–P systems are important for understanding the influence of stoichiometry on pressure-driven superconductivity, but it remains unexplored. Here, we measured and compared the detailed superconducting phase diagrams of the Ge–P systems of layered isostructural germanium phosphides GeP3 and GeP5 under pressure. Even though these two binary phosphides exhibit obviously different atomic occupations in the crystal structure due to their distinct stoichiometric ratios, the onset superconducting transition temperatures

T

c

of GeP3 and GeP5 both show dramatic enhancements from ∼2.5 K at 12.0 GPa to the maximum values of ∼9.0 K at 28.0 GPa, which are higher than those of other binary metal phosphides. Such pressure-enhanced superconductivity therein is accompanied by significant pressure-induced phonon mode softening, which is confirmed via in situ high-pressure Raman measurements. Our observations deepen the physical understanding of pressure-driven superconductivity in phosphorous-rich layered compounds and pave the way for potential applications in microsuperconducting devices.
Structural, thermal and optical characteristics of Fe 1−X Zr X alloy by using mechanical milling approach: influence of Zr4+ ion
Authors: Illayaraja Muthaiyaa V M , Parameshwaranpillai T , Krishnamoorthy A , Suntharavel Muthaiah V M 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
By changing Zr concentrations, Fe1-x-Zrx(x = 0.25 & 1 at%) alloys were successfully produced in an argon atmosphere using the mechanical alloying method. The produced Fe1-x-Zrxalloys were characterized by x-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersion x-ray analysis (EDAX), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetry analyzer (TG-DTA), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV–vis) absorption, and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. According to XRD pattern analysis, the prepared alloys had a cubic crystalline structure and complete solid solution formation. The prepared alloy samples the average crystallite size was calculated using the Scherrer formula. The average crystallite size for the 0.25 at% Zr concentration is found to be 7.79 nm and 11.8 nm for the 1 at% Zr concentration. Lattice parameter changes are a very important tool for confirming the complete dissolution of the Zr atom in the Fe matrix.The TEM-dark field image confirms that the grain size is in the nanometric range (<100 nm). TEM-SAED spotty continuous ring pattern confirmed the complete solution formation is well correlated with the XRD results. The elemental composition of materials can be determined quantitatively through energy dispersive x-ray analysis in the Fe1-x-Zrxalloy. The elemental distribution of the mechanically alloyed samples shows that Zr elements are homogeneously distributed in the Fe matrix. Bands at 3428 cm−1 in the FTIR spectrum have been linked to O–H stretching vibrations. CH2 and CH stretching vibrations were associated with peaks of about 2920 cm−1 and 2850 cm−1. The weight loss and gain changes were observed and represented in the TG-DST graph; we found that overall weight changes are + 10.7% (gain) at 1023 °C for Fe 1-x-Zr x (x = 0.25 at%) alloy. However, when compared to 0.25 at% of Zr alloy, Fe-Zr (x = 1 at%) exhibits a low weight gain (+ 6.54%). The UV–visible absorbance edge revealed a blue shift when Zr was added, indicating alloy production. The energy band gap of materials was calculated using UV–vis, and it has been observed that the band gap reduces as Zr concentration increases. Zr was added to Fe1-x-Zrxalloy nanoparticles, resulting in 514 nm and 775 nm emission wavelengths. The greatest emission wavelengths and strong flawless sharp emission peaks were discovered to be between 450 nm and 550 nm. The higher PL emission peak was 514 nm at 0.25 at% of Zr.
Investigation on the effect of wavelet mutation and opposition learning on slime mould algorithm
Authors: Pawani Kanchan , Singh Manmohan 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The study focuses on a hypothesis-based critical analysis of proposed modifications to the slime mould algorithm. The modifications being investigated are opposition learning and wavelet mutation. These modifications help the slime mould algorithm to avoid local optima for better exploration of the search space. The goal is to assess the effectiveness of these modifications in improving the performance of slime mould algorithm. Both, the basic slime mould algorithm, and the proposed variant eventually achieve the desired convergence. However, to compare the efficiency of the two algorithms, the study introduces a measurement index called the ‘swiftness’ of the algorithm. This index quantifies the speed at which an algorithm reaches convergence. It is calculated as the area under the convergence curve of each algorithm. The rationale behind this approach is that visual inspection alone may not be sufficient to discriminate between the algorithms based on the convergence curve. The hybrid approach, incorporating opposition learning and wavelet mutation, is evaluated statistically using the CEC 2008 benchmark function. Additionally, the study examines small and medium single-objective power dispatch optimization problems that adhere to non-convex system limitations. By assessing the performance of the modified slime mould algorithm on these different problem domains, the researchers aim to provide a comprehensive analysis of its effectiveness.
BPS invariants of symplectic log Calabi-Yau fourfolds
Authors: Farajzadeh-Tehrani Mohammad 
Published: January 2024

Using the Fredholm setup of Farajzadeh-Tehrani [Peking Math. J. (2023), https://doi.org/10.1007/s42543-023-00069-1], we study genus zero (and higher) relative Gromov-Witten invariants with maximum tangency of symplectic log Calabi-Yau fourfolds. In particular, we give a short proof of Gross [Duke Math. J. 153 (2010), pp. 297–362, Cnj. 6.2] that expresses these invariants in terms of certain integral invariants by considering generic almost complex structures to obtain a geometric count. We also revisit the localization calculation of the multiple-cover contributions in Gross [Prp. 6.1] and recalculate a few terms differently to provide more details and illustrate the computation of deformation/obstruction spaces for maps that have components in a destabilizing (or rubber) component of the target. Finally, we study a higher genus version of these invariants and explain a decomposition of genus one invariants into different contributions.
Identify gestational diabetes mellitus by deep learning model from cell-free DNA at the early gestation stage
Authors: Wang Yipeng , Sun Pei , Zhao Zicheng , Yan Yousheng , Yue Wentao , Yang Kai , Liu Ruixia , Huang Hui , Wang Yinan , Chen Yin , Li Nan , Feng Hailong , Li Jing , Liu Yifan , Chen Yujiao , Shen Bairong , Zhao Lijian , Yin Chenghong 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common complication of pregnancy, which has significant adverse effects on both the mother and fetus. The incidence of GDM is increasing globally, and early diagnosis is critical for timely treatment and reducing the risk of poor pregnancy outcomes. GDM is usually diagnosed and detected after 24 weeks of gestation, while complications due to GDM can occur much earlier. Copy number variations (CNVs) can be a possible biomarker for GDM diagnosis and screening in the early gestation stage. In this study, we proposed a machine-learning method to screen GDM in the early stage of gestation using cell-free DNA (cfDNA) sequencing data from maternal plasma. Five thousand and eighty-five patients from north regions of Mainland China, including 1942 GDM, were recruited. A non-overlapping sliding window method was applied for CNV coverage screening on low-coverage (~0.2×) sequencing data. The CNV coverage was fed to a convolutional neural network with attention architecture for the binary classification. The model achieved a classification accuracy of 88.14%, precision of 84.07%, recall of 93.04%, F1-score of 88.33% and AUC of 96.49%. The model identified 2190 genes associated with GDM, including DEFA1, DEFA3 and DEFB1. The enriched gene ontology (GO) terms and KEGG pathways showed that many identified genes are associated with diabetes-related pathways. Our study demonstrates the feasibility of using cfDNA sequencing data and machine-learning methods for early diagnosis of GDM, which may aid in early intervention and prevention of adverse pregnancy outcomes.