bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inference of a detailed P–T path from P–T pseudosections using metapelitic rocks of variable composition from a single outcrop, Shackleton Range, Antarctica
Authors: Zeh A. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractGenerally, P–T pseudosections for reduced compositional systems, such as K2O–FeO–MgO–Al2O3–SiO2–H2O, Na2O–K2O–FeO–MgO–Al2O3–SiO2–H2O and MnO–K2O–FeO–MgO–Al2O3–SiO2–H2O, are well suited for inferring detailed P–T paths, comparing mineral assemblages observed in natural rocks with those calculated. Examples are provided by P–T paths inferred for four metapelitic samples from a 1 m2 wide outcrop of the Herbert Mountains in the Shackleton Range, Antarctica. The method works well if the bulk composition used is reconstituted from average mineral modes and mineral compositions (AMC) or when X‐ray fluorescence (XRF) data are corrected for Al2O3 and FeO. A plagioclase correction is suitable for Al2O3. Correction for FeO is dependent on additional microscopic observations, e.g. the kind and amount of opaque minerals. In some cases, all iron can be treated as FeOtot, whereas in others a magnetite or hematite correction yields much better results. Comparison between calculated and observed mineral modes and mineral compositions shows that the AMC bulk composition is best suited to the interpretation of rock textures using P–T pseudosections, whereas corrected XRF data yield good results only when the investigated sample has few opaque minerals. The results indicate that metapelitic rocks from the Herbert Mountains of the Northern Shackleton Range underwent a prograde P–T evolution from about 600 °C/5.5 kbar to 660 °C/7 kbar, followed by nearly adiabatic cooling to about 600 °C at 4.5 kbar.
Ceramide binding to African–American hair fibre correlates with resistance to hair breakage
Authors: Bernard B. A. , Franbourg A. , François A. M. , Gautier B. , Hallegot P. 
Published: March 2003

SynopsisRepetitive hair‐relaxing treatments often applied to African–American hair weaken the hair structure. Therefore hair breakage is a common feature of African–American hair and an important cause of hair loss. Recently, by analysing the lipids extracted from human hair, a fraction of free‐ceramide was isolated in which sphinganine was predominant. This study shows that this sphinganine‐derived ceramide (i.e. C18‐dhCer) binds to African–American hair and protects it from weakening caused by chemicals. To show this binding, we used two methods: radioactivity detection with a microimagerTM and secondary ion mass spectrometry.We evaluated the benefits of C18‐dhCer on African–American hair fibre, relaxed by guanidine hydroxide, using a new method called the Break'in Brush Technique (BBT®). This method determines the hair breakage resistance during a brushing. Using this technique, we have shown less breakage when applying a shampoo with ceramide.The present study opens new prospects for the development of products able to increase the protection, provide better care and meet the needs of African–American hair thanks to the effect of ceramide binding.
Hydroperoxide formation in model collagens and collagen type I
Authors: Madison S. A. , McCallum J. E. B. , Rojas Wahl R. U. 
Published: March 2003

SynopsisProtein hydroperoxides represent a relatively new concept in understanding biological oxidation chemistry. Here, we show with post‐column‐chemiluminescence that this sometimes remarkably stable and yet reactive species can be formed in collagen models and collagen type I when submitted to oxidative stress as exemplified by the Fenton reaction. These findings are supported by mass spectrometry and iodometry. Using (Proline‐hydroxyproline‐glycine)10 (POG)10, those hydroperoxides are stable for hours at room temperature and can give rise to free radicals in the presence of ferrous sulphate, as evidenced by EPR spin trapping with DMPO. Possible implications for biological systems are discussed with emphasis on collagen in the extracellular matrix in skin as a major type of connective tissue.
Profiling lipids across Caucasian and Afro‐American hair transverse cuts, using synchrotron infrared microspectrometry
Authors: Kreplak L. , Briki F. , Duvault Y. , Doucet J. , Merigoux C. , Leroy F. , Lévêque J. L. , Miller L. , Carr G. L. , Williams G. P. , Dumas P. 
Published: March 2003

SynopsisSynchrotron‐based infrared microscopic measurements have been performed on various hair transverse sections, sampled either from the heads of Caucasian or Afro‐American subjects. Lipid content of various virgin hair transverse sections was established, with an unprecedented resolution. The variations in shape and intensity of the CH2, CH3, amide I and amide II bands, before and after lipid removal by solvent extraction, were profiled, showing clearly that Caucasian hair often contains lipids localized inside the medulla and to a lesser extent inside the cuticle. This statement does not hold for the Afro‐American hair analysed. For this, the FT‐IR spectra do not change within the hair section and are insensitive to solvent extraction. The importance of the origin of hair on its physical and chemical properties has to be taken into account in future investigations.
Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans: experience with 14 cases
Authors: D’Andrea F , Vozza A , Brongo S , Di Girolamo F , Vozza G 
Published: March 2003

AbstractDermatofibrosarcoma is a rare, low‐grade malignant skin tumour that can be considered the equivalent of malignant non‐cutaneous soft tissue fibrohistiocytoma. The high rate of recurrence of this tumour is correlated with poor surgical management because lesions, often smaller than 2 cm in diameter, may be confused with dermatofibroma or keloid. Our findings confirm the importance of accurate diagnosis of primary lesions and the need for aggressive surgical treatment (excision of 5 cm of surrounding tissue) to lower the incidence of local relapse.
A long leader intron of the Ostub16 rice β‐tubulin gene is required for high‐level gene expression and can autonomously promote transcription both in vivo and in vitro
Authors: Morello Laura , Bardini Mauro , Sala Francesco , Breviario Diego 
Published: March 2003

SummaryA 2 kb DNA fragment, upstream of the rice β‐tubulin isotype 16 (Ostub16) coding sequence, was isolated using inverse PCR and screening of a tubulin‐enriched λ library. An intron (863 bp) present in the 5′ untranslated region (5′ UTR) is spliced out to produce the most abundant mRNA species which corresponds to the previously cloned Ostub16 cDNA. Transient expression assays performed on rice embryogenic calluses with chimeric Ostub16::GUS constructs demonstrated that the entire 2 kb upstream sequence has a strong promoter activity, and that the 863 bp intron is required for high‐level GUS expression. In addition, the intron sequence is capable per se of sustaining a weak but consistent GUS expression. Two rare Ostub16 transcripts, with a start site mapping within this intron sequence, were detected in rice coleoptile cells. The transcription start site mapped at position −290 with respect to the ATG codon, and the shorter molecule originated from splicing of the same precursor mRNA. Therefore transcriptional expression of rice β‐tubulin isotype 16 results in the synthesis of two premRNA molecules (I and II) encoding for three different mRNA species. We discuss these findings in terms of function and molecular evolution of the mechanisms that control plant β‐tubulin gene expression.
Course and outcome of a pregnancy with a giant fetal cervical teratoma diagnosed prenatally
Authors: Axt‐Fliedner R. , Hendrik H.‐J. , Ertan K. , Remberger K. , Schmidt W. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractWe report the course and outcome of a pregnancy involving a giant fetal neck teratoma which was diagnosed at 23 weeks of gestation. Sonographic surveillance of the fetal neck revealed continuing growth of the tumor with development of polyhydramnios. Three‐dimensional ultrasound provided additional detailed information on the external extent of the lesion. Color Doppler ultrasound showed intense arterial and venous flow with low resistance indices. Cesarean section under general anesthesia was planned in close cooperation with the neonatologist, pediatric surgeon and anesthesiologist because the size of the neck mass precluded vaginal delivery. Cesarean section was performed at 34 weeks of gestation following preterm rupture of the membranes. Orotracheal intubation was not successful because of compression of the airway and a tracheostomy could not be performed because of the risk of severe fetal hemorrhage from the tumor. The neonate died from respiratory insufficiency 66 min after birth. Copyright © 2001 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Prenatal diagnosis of a fetus with lumbar myelocystocele
Authors: Kölble N. , Huisman T. A. G. M. , Stallmach T. , Meuli M. , Zen Ruffinen Imahorn F. , Zimmermann R. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractWe present a case of a fetal lumbar myelocystocele, a rare congenital malformation, characterized by herniation of the central canal through a bony spina bifida. Routine ultrasound examination at 11 weeks' gestation by the primary obstetrician showed a suspicious cyst on the fetal back. Initially, the suspected diagnosis was a meningocele. After sonographic detection of newly developed fetal brain anomalies at 22 weeks' gestation the patient was referred to us. The enlarged cyst, which floated freely in the amniotic fluid, had a funnel‐like appearance and was covered by a very thin layer of skin. With the help of ultrafast fetal magnetic resonance imaging the diagnosis of a fetal myelocystocele was made. Copyright © 2001 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Effects of bleeding on uteroplacental, umbilicoplacental and yolk‐sac hemodynamics in early pregnancy
Authors: Mäkikallio K. , Tekay A. , Jouppila P. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the influence of vaginal bleeding with or without a persisting subchorionic hematoma on uteroplacental, umbilicoplacental and yolk‐sac hemodynamics in early pregnancy.DesignTwenty‐six consecutive patients with vaginal bleeding entered this longitudinal study 1–3 days after the beginning of vaginal bleeding and were re‐examined every 1–2 weeks. In three cases vaginal bleeding occurred at the 5th completed gestational week, in 13 at the 7th week, in nine at the 8th week and in one case at the 10th week. A subchorionic hematoma was identified in one case at the 5th week, in nine cases at the 7th week, in nine cases at the 8th week, and in seven cases at the 10th week. Four pregnancies ended in miscarriage. Blood velocity waveforms of uterine, arcuate, radial, spiral, umbilical, chorionic and yolk‐sac arteries were obtained by transvaginal pulsed Doppler ultrasound and peak systolic velocities, time‐averaged maximum velocities and pulsatility indices were calculated. The results were compared with our earlier observations in normal pregnancy obtained with a similar study protocol.ResultsAt the 7th week, radial artery pulsatility‐index values (mean (SD)) were higher in pregnancies with vaginal bleeding (1.84 (0.59); P = 0.04) and in pregnancies with a subchorionic hematoma (1.96 (0.63); P = 0.03) than in normal pregnancies (1.40 (0.46)). The pulsatility‐index values of uterine, arcuate, spiral, umbilical and chorionic arteries did not differ between the groups. Vaginal bleeding with or without a subchorionic hematoma at the 8th week did not affect any of the measured parameters. Persistence of the subchorionic hematoma until the 10th week did not affect uterine, arcuate, radial, spiral, umbilical or chorionic artery hemodynamics. Yolk‐sac hemodynamic parameters did not differ between the groups.ConclusionsVaginal bleeding with or without a subchorionic hematoma is associated with increased radial artery impedance at the 7th week of pregnancy. Persistence of the subchorionic hematoma does not affect utero‐ and umbilicoplacental circulation. Copyright © 2001 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Doppler study of arterial and venous intraovarian blood flow in stimulated cycles
Authors: Mercé L. T. , Bau S. , Bajo J. M. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate arterial and venous intraovarian blood flow in follicle stimulating hormone‐stimulated cycles.Subjects and methodsThis was a prospective study of 76 follicle stimulating hormone‐stimulated cycles carried out in 39 infertile patients who were included in a timed intercourse or intrauterine insemination program in a referral center for assisted reproduction. Transvaginal color and pulsed Doppler measurements of the follicular and luteal phase resistance index, pulsatility index, peak systolic velocity and maximum venous velocity were made and serum progesterone levels during the mid‐luteal phase were recorded. Velocimetric parameters were established and then used to classify ovarian function as having a normal ovulatory cycle, or a cycle in which there was either luteal phase deficiency or a luteinized unruptured follicle.ResultsIn 52 normal ovulatory cycles, the luteal phase peak systolic and maximum venous velocities were significantly higher and resistance and pulsatility indices were significantly lower than those found in the follicular phase. In 15 women with luteal phase deficiency we did not find any differences in arterial velocimetric parameters when compared with normal ovulatory cycles. However, luteal phase maximum venous velocities were lower in the luteal phase deficiency cycles and there was a significant correlation between luteal phase maximum venous velocity and serum progesterone levels (r = 0.36). Luteinized unruptured follicle cycles (n = 9) did not show significant changes during the ovarian cycle and no ‘luteal conversion’ of the Doppler signal was identified.ConclusionsFollicle stimulating hormone‐stimulated cycles in infertile patients can have a high percentage of abnormal functional responses that can be diagnosed only by sonographic assessment, Doppler and the appropriate hormonal follow‐up. Arterial and venous intraovarian blood flow remain unaltered during luteinized unruptured follicle cycles and serum progesterone levels correlated with luteal phase maximum venous velocity, which makes Doppler a potentially useful non‐invasive test to assess ovulation and luteal function. Copyright © 2001 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Vesicocentesis at 10–14 weeks of gestation for treatment of fetal megacystis
Authors: Carroll S. G. M. , Soothill P. W. , Tizard J. , Kyle P. M. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThis report of four cases shows that fetal vesicocentesis at 10–14 weeks of gestation is a useful treatment option in some cases with megacystis. Although megacystis at this gestation has been reported, there are few studies examining the role of early vesicocentesis. The natural history of the condition and outcome following treatment is reviewed with reference to the literature. Copyright © 2001 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Repeatability of measurement of uterine artery pulsatility index using transvaginal color Doppler
Authors: Papageorghiou A. T. , To M. S. , Yu C. K. H. , Nicolaides K. H. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the repeatability of measuring the pulsatility index of the uterine arteries using transvaginal color Doppler at 23 weeks of gestation.Patients and methodsThe pulsatility index was measured in 100 women with singleton pregnancies attending for routine transvaginal Doppler examination of the uterine arteries at 23 weeks. To assess the repeatability of different components of variability, six measurements of the uterine artery pulsatility index were made on one of the uterine arteries in each patient.ResultsSix measurements of the pulsatility index were successfully measured in all 100 patients, resulting in a total of 600 measurements. The repeatability was unrelated to the pulsatility index. On 95% of occasions the intraobserver, interobserver and waveform tracing repeatability was less than 0.24, 0.27 and 0.14, respectively.ConclusionsMeasurement of the pulsatility index using transvaginal color Doppler is highly reproducible when the examination is carried out by well‐trained operators. Copyright © 2001 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
First‐trimester screening for chromosomal abnormalities by fetal nuchal translucency in a Brazilian population
Authors: Brizot M. L. , Carvalho M. H. B. , Liao A. W. , Reis N. S. V. , Armbruster‐Moraes E. , Zugaib M. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractObjectivesTo examine the detection rate of chromosomal abnormalities using nuchal translucency (NT) thickness in a Brazilian population.MethodsThis was a prospective study of 2996 singleton pregnancies with a live fetus at 10–14 weeks of gestation attending for routine antenatal care in a teaching hospital in Brazil. Fetal crown–rump length (CRL) and NT thickness were measured and the risks for trisomy 21 were calculated by a combination of maternal age and fetal NT with the use of software provided by The Fetal Medicine Foundation. Sensitivity and positive predictive values for different risk cut‐offs were calculated.ResultsChromosomal defects were diagnosed in 22 cases, including 10 cases of trisomy 21. The estimated risk based on maternal age and fetal NT was 1 in 300 or greater in 222 (7.4%) cases and these included nine of 10 (90.0%) pregnancies with trisomy 21 and nine of 12 (75.0%) pregnancies with other chromosomal defects. The NT was above the 95th centile in 5.8% of cases and this group included 70% of the trisomy 21 cases.ConclusionA combination of maternal age and fetal NT provides an effective method of screening for chromosomal defects. The performance of the test in a Brazilian population is similar to that in Britain.Copyright © 2001 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
The effects of maternal and fetal parameters on the quality of nuchal translucency measurement
Authors: Zohav E. , Dunsky A. , Segal O. , Peled R. , Herman A. , Segal S. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the influence of maternal and fetal parameters on the quality of fetal nuchal translucency measurement.DesignThis was a prospective study in 227 consecutive pregnant women undergoing nuchal translucency screening by transabdominal sonography. The same well‐qualified sonographer performed all the scans and in each case the best‐quality image was selected and scored according to an image scoring system (total maximum score, 9). The quality of the image was examined in relation to maternal age, weight, abdominal wall thickness, amniotic sac diameter, posterior uterine wall depth (distance between abdominal wall surface and posterior uterine wall surface), placental location, fetal crown–rump length and nuchal translucency thickness. Correlation coefficients were calculated and stepwise linear regression was used to adjust for confounders and to define the predictors for image score.ResultsThe only two parameters that provided a significant independent contribution to the prediction of the image score were posterior uterine wall depth and fetal crown–rump length. Intravariable analysis of these two parameters demonstrated that the cut‐off associated with a significant change in the image quality was 80 mm for posterior uterine wall depth (score difference, 1.06; P < 0.001) and 70 mm for crown–rump length (score difference, 0.77; P = 0.001). In the group of women with two values above these cut‐off points, an average score decrease of 1.90 (P < 0.001) was observed.ConclusionsThe quality of fetal nuchal translucency measurement is poorer when the fetal crown–rump length is > 70 mm and the posterior uterine wall depth is > 80 mm.Copyright © 2001 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Revisiting sonographic abdominal circumference measurements: a comparison of outer centiles with established nomograms
Authors: Smulian J. C. , Ananth C. V. , Vintzileos A. M. , Guzman E. R. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractObjectiveTo construct an institution‐specific nomogram of fetal abdominal circumference measurements and determine whether previously published nomograms correctly categorize our population's outer centiles.DesignUsing cross‐sectional data from a database of sonographic circumference measurements, a nomogram for abdominal circumference measurements was created by modeling the mean and standard deviation separately. The adequacy of the nomogram was confirmed by assessing the normal distribution of data, verifying goodness‐of‐fit, and checking residuals. Outer centiles were compared with those from other published nomograms.ResultsThe new nomogram for fetal abdominal circumference measurements from 10 070 fetuses provided sufficient data to derive values for the 5th, 10th, 50th, 90th and 95th centiles based on gestational age. Comparisons with other published nomograms indicated that the false‐negative rates for classifying our population as < 10th centile or > 90th centile ranged from 11.3% to 90.5% and from 0 to 66.4%, respectively.ConclusionInstitution‐specific nomograms of fetal abdominal circumference measurements are important to avoid incorrect categorization of outer centiles. Copyright © 2001 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Population genetics of the hispid cotton rat (Sigmodon hispidus): patterns of genetic diversity at the major histocompatibility complex
Authors: Pfau R. S. , Van Den Bussche R. A. , McBee K. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe hispid cotton rat, Sigmodon hispidus, is a common rodent widely distributed across the southern USA and south into South America. To characterize major histocompatibility complex (MHC) diversity in this species and to elucidate large‐scale patterns of genetic partitioning, we examined MHC genetic variability within and among 13 localities, including a disjunct population in Arizona and a population from Costa Rica that may represent an undescribed species. We also tested the hypothesis that populations within the USA are at equilibrium with regard to gene flow and genetic drift, resulting in isolation‐by‐distance. Using single‐strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis we identified 25 alleles from 246 individuals. Gene diversity within populations ranged from 0.000 to 0.908. Analysis of molecular variance (amova) revealed that 83.7% of observed variation was accounted for by within‐population diversity and 16.3% was accounted for by among‐population divergence. The disjunct population in Arizona was fixed for a single allele. The Costa Rican population was quite divergent based on allelic composition and was the only population with unique alleles. Within the main portion of the geographical distribution of S. hispidus in the USA there was considerable divergence among some populations; however, there was no significant pattern of isolation‐by‐distance overall (P = 0.090). Based on the significant divergence of the only sampled population to its east, the Mississippi River appears to represent a substantial barrier to gene flow.