bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Navigating post COVID-19 education: an investigative study on students’ attitude and perception of their new normal learning environment
Authors: Agarwal Anshoo , Subramaniam Geetha , Khattak Osama , Begum GulamSaidunnisa , Taha Afaf , Bayomy Naglaa Ahmed , Bawadekji Abdulhakim , Makhdoom Amin Khalid , Alshammari Maali Subhi , Chaudhary Farooq Ahmad 
Published: October 2023

Background
The incidence and aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic brought about a drastic change in health professional education around the world. Traditional classrooms made way for online classrooms in order to ensure that learning continued in a safe and secure environment. However, how well health professional students perceived and accepted these changes have not been fully gauged yet. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the perception of health professional students about their new educational climate.

Methods
A modified and validated Dundee Ready Education Environment Measure (DREEM) questionnaire was used to collect data regarding student perception of their educational environment.

Results
The mean DREEM scores for three time periods were in the accepted positive range of 101 to 150 indicating that most of the students perceived the changes positively. The results indicated that most students preferred blended learning over online learning or face-to-face learning alone. Areas where students were unsatisfied with their learning environment that need improvement were identified by poor item-wise scores.

Conclusion
Strategic remedial measures for these concerns need to be developed to improve the quality of education received by the students. However, the results of our study indicated that most of the students were able to adapt positively to the new education environment due to the change in the circumstances during COVID.
Asymptomatic Carriage of SARS-CoV-2 in a University Population in Rosario, Argentina
Authors: Scapini Juan Pablo , Rosal María Victoria del , Isaac Juan Ignacio , Rodriguez Ayelen , Ingaramo Damian , Campora Micaela 
Published: October 2023

Aims: To study the rates of SARS-CoV-2 asymptomatic carriage in a young, healthy and full vaccinated population of students in the medical area. Contribute to the knowledge of the dynamics of the endemic and its control.
Study Design: Cross-sectional descriptive study.
Place and Duration of Study: Faculty of Medical Sciences, Instituto Universitario Italiano de Rosario, Argentina, between August and September 2022.
Methodology: 300 students were recruited. An oropharyngeal sample was taken from all the participants who completed an online electronic survey. The sampling period corresponded to weeks of low viral circulation in the province. The presence of SARS-CoV-2 was investigated by real-time RT-PCR.
Results: 72.7% of the participants reported a previous infection. All the participants received at least one dose of vaccine and 56.7% completed a 3-dose schedule. Two of the 300 samples were positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA. One was classified as presymptomatic since the individual developed compatible symptoms three days after taking the sample. The other case was the only one classified as an asymptomatic carrier, resulting in a SARS-CoV-2 portability rate of 0.33%.
Conclusion: The rate obtained for asymptomatic portability in our study was surprisingly low considering that these groups shared an average of 6 hours a day in closed environments. The risk of person to person spread in this population is extremely low and does not justify the use of masks or social distancing.
Alterations in Cancer Treatment During the First Year of the COVID-19 Pandemic in the US
Authors: Janczewski Lauren M. , Cotler Joseph , Merkow Ryan P. , Palis Bryan , Nelson Heidi , Mullett Timothy , Boffa Daniel J. 
Published: October 2023

ImportanceThe COVID-19 pandemic created challenges to the evaluation and treatment of cancer, and abrupt resource diversion toward patients with COVID-19 put cancer treatment on hold for many patients. Previous reports have shown substantial declines in cancer screening and diagnoses in 2020; however, the extent to which the delivery of cancer care was altered remains unclear.ObjectiveTo assess alterations in cancer treatment in the US during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis retrospective cohort study used data from the National Cancer Database (NCDB) on patients older than 18 years with newly diagnosed cancer from January 1, 2018, to December 31, 2020.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe main outcomes were accessibility (time to treatment, travel distance, and multi-institutional care), availability (proportional changes in cancer treatment between years), and utilization (reductions by treatment modality, hospital type) of cancer treatment in 2020 compared with 2018 to 2019. Autoregressive models forecasted expected findings for 2020 based on observations from prior years.ResultsOf 1 229 654 patients identified in the NCDB in 2020, 1 074 225 were treated for cancer, representing a 16.8% reduction from what was expected. Patients were predominately female (53.8%), with a median age of 66 years (IQR, 57-74 years), similar to demographics in 2018 and 2019. Median time between diagnosis and treatment was 26 days (IQR, 0-36 days) in 2020, and median travel distance for care was 11.1 miles (IQR, 5.0-25.3 miles), similar to 2018 and 2019. In 2020, fewer patients traveled longer distances (20.2% reduction of patients traveling &amp;gt;35 miles). The proportions of patients treated with chemotherapy (32.0%), radiation (29.5%), and surgery (57.1%) were similar to those in 2018 and 2019. Overall, 146 805 fewer patients than expected underwent surgery, 80 480 fewer received radiation, and 68 014 fewer received chemotherapy. Academic hospitals experienced the greatest reduction in cancer surgery and treatment, with a decrease of approximately 484 patients (−19.0%) per hospital compared with 99 patients (−12.6%) at community hospitals and 110 patients (−12.8%) at integrated networks.Conclusions and RelevanceThis study found that among patients diagnosed with cancer in 2020, access and availability of treatment remained intact; however, reductions in treated patients varied across treatment modalities and were greater at academic hospitals than at community hospitals and integrated networks compared with expected values. These results suggest the resilience of cancer service lines and frame the economic losses from reductions in cancer treatment during the pandemic.
Engagement With Mental Health Services Among Survivors of Firearm Injury
Authors: Magee Lauren A. , Ortiz Damaris , Adams Zachary W. , Marriott Brigid R. , Beverly Anthony W. , Beverly Beatrice , Aalsma Matthew C. , Wiehe Sarah E. , Ranney Megan L. 
Published: October 2023

ImportanceDespite the prevalence of posttraumatic stress symptoms after firearm injury, little is known about how firearm injury survivors connect with mental health services.ObjectiveTo determine facilitators and barriers to mental health care engagement among firearm injury survivors.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsA qualitative study of 1-on-1, semistructured interviews conducted within a community setting in Indianapolis, Indiana, between June 2021 and January 2022. Participants were recruited via community partners and snowball sampling. Participants who survived an intentional firearm injury, were shot within Indianapolis, were aged 13 years or older, and were English speaking were eligible. Participants were asked to discuss their lives after firearm injury, the emotional consequences of their injury, and their utilization patterns of mental health services. Data were analyzed from August 2022 to June 2023.Main Outcomes and MeasuresSurvivors’ lived experience after firearm injury, sources of emotional support, mental health utilization, and their desired engagement with mental health care after firearm injury.ResultsA total of 18 participants (17 were Black [94%], 16 were male [89%], and 14 were aged between 13 and 24 years [77%]) who survived a firearm injury were interviewed. Survivors described family members, friends, and informal networks as their main source of emotional support. Barriers to mental health care utilization were perceived as a lack of benefit to services, distrust in practitioners, and fear of stigma. Credible messengers served as facilitators to mental health care. Survivors also described the emotional impact their shooting had on their families, particularly mothers, partners, and children.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this study of survivors of firearm injury, findings illustrated the consequences of stigma and fear when seeking mental health care, inadequate trusted resources, and the need for awareness of and access to mental health resources for family members and communities most impacted by firearm injury. Future studies should evaluate whether community capacity building, digital health delivery, and trauma-informed public health campaigns could overcome these barriers to mitigate the emotional trauma of firearm injuries to reduce health disparities and prevent future firearm violence.
Use of Urea for the Syndrome of Inappropriate Secretion of Antidiuretic Hormone
Authors: Wendt Ralph , Fenves Andrew Z. , Geisler Benjamin P. 
Published: October 2023

ImportanceHyponatremia and the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) are associated with significant mortality and morbidity. The effectiveness and safety of oral urea for SIADH are still debated.ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of urea for the treatment of SIADH.Evidence ReviewA systematic search of Medline and Embase was conducted for controlled and uncontrolled studies of urea for SIADH in adult patients. The primary outcome was serum sodium concentration after treatment. Secondary outcomes included the proportion of patients with osmotic demyelination syndrome (ODS), intracranial pressure, and resource use such as length of stay.FindingsTwenty-three studies involving 537 patients with SIADH were included, of which 462 were treated with urea. The pooled mean baseline serum sodium was 125.0 mmol/L (95% CI, 122.6-127.5 mmol/L). The median treatment duration with oral urea was 5 days. Urea increased serum sodium concentration by a mean of 9.6 mmol/L (95% CI, 7.5-11.7 mmol/L). The mean increase in serum sodium after 24 hours was 4.9 mmol/L (95% CI, 0.5-9.3 mmol/L). Adverse events were few, mainly consisting of distaste or dysgeusia, and no case of ODS was reported. Resource use was too infrequently reported to be synthesized.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this systematic review of the use of urea in SIADH and despite the lack of randomized clinical trials, lower-quality evidence was identified that suggests that urea may be an effective, safe, and inexpensive treatment modality that warrants further exploration.
Imaging Brain Injury in Former National Football League Players
Authors: Rubin Leah H. , Du Yong , Sweeney Shannon Eileen , O’Toole Riley , Thomas Cykyra L. , Zandi Adeline G. , Shinehouse Laura K. , Brosnan Mary Katherine , Nam Hwanhee , Burke Michael E. , Bureau Samantha C. , Kilgore Jessica J. , Yoon Mark , Soule Ana R. , Lesniak Wojciech G. , Minn Il , Rowe Steven P. , Holt Daniel P. , Hall Andrew W. , Mathews William B. , Smith Gwenn S. , Nowinski Christopher J. , Kassiou Michael , Dannals Robert F. , Pomper Martin G. , Coughlin Jennifer M. 
Published: October 2023

ImportancePilot studies that involved early imaging of the 18 kDa translocator protein (TSPO) using positron emission tomography (PET) indicated high levels of TSPO in the brains of active or former National Football League (NFL) players. If validated further in larger studies, those findings may have implications for athletes involved in collision sport.ObjectiveTo test for higher TSPO that marks brain injury and repair in a relatively large, unique cohort of former NFL players compared with former elite, noncollision sport athletes.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cross-sectional study used carbon 11–labeled N,N-diethyl-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-5,7-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-acetamide positron emission tomography ([11C]DPA-713 PET) data from former NFL players within 12 years of last participation in the NFL and elite noncollision sport athletes from across the US. Participants were enrolled between April 2018 and February 2023.Main outcomes and measuresRegional [11C]DPA-713 total distribution volume from [11C]DPA-713 PET that is a measure of regional brain TSPO; regional brain volumes on magnetic resonance imaging; neuropsychological performance, including attention, executive function, and memory domains.ResultsThis study included 27 former NFL players and 27 former elite, noncollision sport athletes. Regional TSPO levels were higher in former NFL players compared with former elite, noncollision sport athletes (unstandardized β coefficient, 1.08; SE, 0.22; 95% CI, 0.65 to 1.52; P &amp;lt; .001). The magnitude of the group difference depended on region, with largest group differences in TSPO in cingulate and frontal cortices as well as hippocampus. Compared with noncollision sport athletes, former NFL players performed worse in learning (mean difference [MD], −0.70; 95% CI, −1.14 to −0.25; P = .003) and memory (MD, −0.77; 95% CI, −1.24 to −0.30; P = .002), with no correlation between total gray matter TSPO and these cognitive domains.Conclusions and relevanceIn this cross-sectional study using [11C]DPA-713 PET, higher brain TSPO was found in former NFL players compared with noncollision sport athletes. This finding is consistent with neuroimmune activation even after cessation of NFL play. Future longitudinal [11C]DPA-713 PET and neuropsychological testing promises to inform whether neuroimmune-modulating therapy may be warranted.
Association Between Slow-Wave Sleep Loss and Incident Dementia
Authors: Himali Jayandra J. , Baril Andree-Ann , Cavuoto Marina G. , Yiallourou Stephanie , Wiedner Crystal D. , Himali Dibya , DeCarli Charles , Redline Susan , Beiser Alexa S. , Seshadri Sudha , Pase Matthew P. 
Published: October 2023

ImportanceSlow-wave sleep (SWS) supports the aging brain in many ways, including facilitating the glymphatic clearance of proteins that aggregate in Alzheimer disease. However, the role of SWS in the development of dementia remains equivocal.ObjectiveTo determine whether SWS loss with aging is associated with the risk of incident dementia and examine whether Alzheimer disease genetic risk or hippocampal volumes suggestive of early neurodegeneration were associated with SWS loss.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis prospective cohort study included participants in the Framingham Heart Study who completed 2 overnight polysomnography (PSG) studies in the time periods 1995 to 1998 and 2001 to 2003. Additional criteria for individuals in this study sample were an age of 60 years or older and no dementia at the time of the second overnight PSG. Data analysis was performed from January 2020 to August 2023.ExposureChanges in SWS percentage measured across repeated overnight sleep studies over a mean of 5.2 years apart (range, 4.8-7.1 years).Main OutcomeRisk of incident all-cause dementia adjudicated over 17 years of follow-up from the second PSG.ResultsFrom the 868 Framingham Heart Study participants who returned for a second PSG, this cohort included 346 participants with a mean age of 69 years (range, 60-87 years); 179 (52%) were female. Aging was associated with SWS loss across repeated overnight sleep studies (mean [SD] change, −0.6 [1.5%] per year; P &amp;lt; .001). Over the next 17 years of follow-up, there were 52 cases of incident dementia. In Cox regression models adjusted for age, sex, cohort, positivity for at least 1 APOE ε4 allele, smoking status, sleeping medication use, antidepressant use, and anxiolytic use, each percentage decrease in SWS per year was associated with a 27% increase in the risk of dementia (hazard ratio, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.06-1.54; P = .01). SWS loss with aging was accelerated in the presence of Alzheimer disease genetic risk (ie, APOE ε4 allele) but not hippocampal volumes measured proximal to the first PSG.Conclusions and RelevanceThis cohort study found that slow-wave sleep percentage declined with aging and Alzheimer disease genetic risk, with greater reductions associated with the risk of incident dementia. These findings suggest that SWS loss may be a modifiable dementia risk factor.
Maternal and Infant Antibiotic and Acid Suppressant Use and Risk of Eosinophilic Esophagitis
Authors: Jensen Elizabeth T. , Svane Helene M. , Erichsen Rune , Kurt Gencer , Heide-Jorgensen Uffe , Sorensen Henrik T. , Dellon Evan S. 
Published: October 2023

ImportanceEosinophilic esophagitis (EoE), a chronic disease with significant patient and health care burden, has increased rapidly in incidence across many countries. Elucidating risk factors for disease development is a priority for health care practitioners and patients.ObjectiveTo evaluate the association of maternal and infant use of antibiotics and acid suppressants with the development of EoE.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis was a population-based, case-control study of pediatric EoE (1996-2019) in Denmark using pathology, prescription, birth, inpatient, and outpatient health registry data and with complete ascertainment of all EoE cases among Danish residents born between 1997 and 2018. Study data were analyzed from September 2020 to August 2023.ExposuresMaternal and infant use of antibiotics and acid suppressants, examining medication class, timing, and frequency of use.Main Outcome and MeasureDevelopment of EoE.ResultsIncluded in the study was a total of 392 cases and 3637 sex- and year of birth–matched controls with a median (IQR) age of 11.0 (6.0-15.0) years, 2772 male individuals (68.8%), and 1257 female individuals (31.2%). Compared with children with no antibiotic prescriptions filled during infancy, those with any use of an antibiotic had an associated 40% increase in risk of EoE (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.4; 95% CI, 1.1-1.7). Those with 3 or more prescriptions had an associated 80% increase in risk of EoE (aOR, 1.8; 95% CI, 1.3-2.5). Frequency of maternal antibiotic use was associated with an increased risk (1 prescription: aOR, 1.4; 95% CI, 1.0-1.8; 3≤ prescriptions: aOR, 2.1; 95% CI, 1.4-3.2). Risk was highest for use in the third trimester and in the first 6 months from birth. Any acid suppressant use in infancy was associated with increased risk of EoE (aOR, 15.9; 95% CI, 9.1-27.7). Restriction of cases to those diagnosed at 5 years or older yielded similar results (aOR, 11.6; 95% CI, 5.5-24.8). For maternal use, 3 or more prescriptions were associated with an increased risk of EoE for her offspring (aOR, 5.1; 95% CI, 1.8-14.8).Conclusions and RelevanceMaternal and infant antibiotic use were associated with increased risk of developing EoE, in a dose-response manner, and the magnitude of association was highest for exposure near the time of delivery. Increased risk was also observed with maternal and infant acid suppressant use. Exposure during early life, a period of known developmental susceptibility, may confer the greatest risk and opportunity for risk mitigation.
Pd/Cu Co‐Catalyzed ortho‐Arylation of Aryl Iodides via Radical Intermediates with Aryl Diazonium Salts
Authors: Fu Ying , Guo Liang‐Liang , Chen Xi , Chen Hao , Liu Jia‐Jia , Li Fang‐Rong , Xiao Cai‐Qin , Du Zhengyin 
Published: October 2023

AbstractA Cu/Pd co‐catalyzed Catellani‐type ortho arylation reaction of iodoarenes with aryl diazonium salts has been developed. Aryl radicals that derived from aryl diazonium salts were regioselectively installed at ortho position of iodoarenes via palladium catalyzed C−H activation. Mechanistic studies showed that, in contrast to classical Pd0−PdII−PdIV−PdII−Pd0 catalytic cycle, this radical cascades performed via a Pd0−PdII−PdIII−PdI−Pd0 cycle.
Fam20C Kinase as a Key Regulator of Bevacizumab Resistance in Mesenchymal Glioblastoma
Authors: Kim Chan Il , Kim Sooheon , Park Seong‐Min , Kim Sung Soo , Kwon Hyung Joon , Lin Weiwei , Park Saewhan , Ha Seokjun , Ha Kyung Hee , Park Sanha , Park Seung Min , Kim Tae Hoon , Kim Kyung‐Hee , Kim Yun‐Hee , Kim Jong Heon , Park Jong Bae 
Published: October 2023

AbstractA significant hurdle in treating glioblastoma (GBM) is addressing the development of drug resistance. In this study, the role of Family of Sequence Similarity 20, Member C (Fam20C) as a central player in bevacizumab resistant GBM mouse model is investigated. In vivo analyses confirm that Fam20C upregulation accelerates drug resistance and correlates with tumor progression. Proteomic analyses of conditioned media and cell lysates subsequent to Fam20C knockout (KO) in GBM cells reveal the regulatory role of Fam20C in both intracellular and extracellular aspects of epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) and genes associated with AKT signaling. Moreover, In vitro experiments demonstrate that Fam20C activates the AKT signaling pathway, promoting cell proliferation. Elevated levels of Fam20C are observed in human GBM, particularly in the mesenchymal subtype, which correlates with diminished survival rates and increased resistance to various drugs, including temozolomide (TMZ), bevacizumab, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors, and other antibody‐based drugs. Notably, even in cases of resistance to gefitinib and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) antibodies, Fam20C expression is elevated. These findings highlight the pivotal role of Fam20C in driving drug resistance in GBM, suggesting it as a promising target for combination therapies aimed at surmounting this formidable resistance barrier.
I2/PPh3‐Mediated Cyclization of Enaminones with Sodium Sulfinates: A Protocol for the Synthesis of 3‐Thiolated Chromones
Authors: Du Jing , Zhao Shi‐Yi , Hu Zhi‐Chao , Dong Zhi‐Bing 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAn I2/PPh3‐mediated synthesis of 3‐thiolated chromones starting from 2‐hydroxyphenylenones and sodium sulfinates was reported. This method features one pot manner, metal‐free, easy performance, readily available starting materials and illustrating potential value for some biologically or pharmaceutically active compounds. In addition, a possible mechanism was proposed based on the control experiments.
Glycan Metabolic Fluorine Labeling for In Vivo Visualization of Tumor Cells and In Situ Assessment of Glycosylation Variations
Authors: Chen Dongxia , Lin Yaying , Fan Yifan , Li Lingxuan , Tan Chenlei , Wang Junjie , Lin Hongyu , Gao Jinhao 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe abnormality in the glycosylation of surface proteins is critical for the growth and metastasis of tumors and their capacity for immunosuppression and drug resistance. This anomaly offers an entry point for real‐time analysis on glycosylation fluctuations. In this study, we report a strategy, glycan metabolic fluorine labeling (MEFLA), for selectively tagging glycans of tumor cells. As a proof of concept, we synthesized two fluorinated unnatural monosaccharides with distinctive 19F chemical shifts (Ac4ManNTfe and Ac4GalNTfa). These two probes could undergo selective uptake by tumor cells and subsequent incorporation into surface glycans. This approach enables efficient and specific 19F labeling of tumor cells, which permits in vivo tracking of tumor cells and in situ assessment of glycosylation changes by 19F MRI. The efficiency and specificity of our probes for labeling tumor cells were verified in vitro with A549 cells. The feasibility of our method was further validated with in vivo experiments on A549 tumor‐bearing mice. Moreover, the capacity of our approach for assessing glycosylation changes of tumor cells was illustrated both in vitro and in vivo. Our studies provide a promising means for visualizing tumor cells in vivo and assessing their glycosylation variations in situ through targeted multiplexed 19F MRI.