bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Age and tissue‐dependent changes of ornithine decarboxylase and s‐adenosylmethionine decarboxylase activities in neural tissue and fat body of adult crickets
Authors: Cayre Myriam , Tirard Alain , Charpin Pierre , Augier Roger , Strambi Colette , Strambi Alain 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe activities of ornithine decarboxylase and S‐adenosylmethionine decarboxylase, two key enzymes in polyamine metabolism, were determined during the first 10 days of imaginal life in the nervous tissue and the fat body of the adult cricket Acheta domesticus. The kinetic constants of the two enzymes were also determined in both tissues. Both decarboxylases presented a higher activity in fat body than in nervous tissue. In nervous tissue, the activity of the two enzymes peaked at 16 h postemergence, then slowly decreased up to day 3–4. By contrast, the enzymatic activities in fat body, low at emergence, strongly increased on day 2. Thereafter, whereas ornithine decarboxylase activity remained rather high. S‐adenosyl‐methionine decarboxylase activity dropped back to emergence levels by day 10. These results, examined in light of the temporal alterations of polyamine levels observed in the two tissues, demonstrate synchronous variations between polyamine contents and the enzymes involved in their biosynthesis. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Actions of acromelic acid on nervous system l‐glutamate receptors
Authors: Sattelle David B. , Sepúlveda Maria‐Isabel , Shinozaki Haruhiko , Ishida Michiko 
Published: February 2005

AbstractAcromelic acid, a naturally occurring kainoid, isolated from the mushroom Clitocybe acromelalga, is a weak displacer of [3H]L‐glutamate binding to cockroach (Periplaneta americana) nerve cord membranes. Acromelic acid (1 mM) displaces ∼︁60% of specifically bound [3H]L‐glutamate. When applied by bath perfusion to the cell body membrane of the cockroach fast coxal depressor motor neurone, acromelic acid generated slow, prolonged, dose‐dependent depolarizations at concentrations of 0.3 μM and above. Thus acromelic acid is among the most potent of the excitatory amino acids tested to date on insect neurones. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Midgut proteinase activities of three keratinolytic larvae, Hofmannophila pseudospretella, Tineola bisselliella, and Anthrenocerus australis, and the effect of proteinase inhibitors on proteolysis
Authors: Christeller John T. , Markwick Ngaire P. , Burgess Elisabeth P. J. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe midgut proteinase activities were characterized from the keratinolytic larvae of two lepidopterans, Hofmannophila pseudospretella (Stainton) (Oecophoridae) and Tineola bisselliella (Hummel) (Tineidae), and one coleopteran, Anthrenocerus australis (Hope) (Dermestidae). The major endopeptidase activities, characterized using specific enzyme inhibitors, were serine proteinases with hydrolytic activity against N‐benzoyl‐DL‐arginine‐p‐nitroanilide and against N‐succinyl‐L‐alanyl‐L‐alanyl‐L‐prolyl‐L‐leucine‐p‐nitroanilide. No significant levels of metalloendopeptidase or cysteine endopeptidase activities were detected. Aminopeptidase activity was present in all larvae. The enzyme levels and properties of the two moth larvae were similar to each other and to those of phytophagous lepidopteran larvae but different from those of the beetle larva. Whereas only a limited number of serine proteinase inhibitors inhibited the midgut proteolysis of the lepidopteran larvae, most inhibitors inhibited the midgut proteolysis of the beetle larva. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pheromonotropic and pheromonostatic activity in moths
Authors: Ramaswamy Sonny B. , Mbata George N. , Cohen Nancy E. , Moore Alfred , Cox Nancy M. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractPheromone biosynthesis in many species of moths requires a pheromonotropic neurosecretion, the pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide (PBAN), from the brain‐subesophageal ganglion‐corpora cardiaca complex. Some investigators suggest that PBAN is released into the hemolymph and acts directly on sex pheromone glands (SPG) via a Ca++/calmodulin‐dependent adenylate cyclase. Others suggest, however, that PBAN acts via octopamine that is released by nerves from the terminal abdominal ganglion innervating the SPG. These findings suggest that there are controversies on the mode of action of PBAN and other pheromonotropic factors, sometimes even within the same species.Mating in many insects results in temporary or permanent suppression of pheromone production and/or receptivity. Such a suppression may result from physical blockage of the gonopore or deposition of pheromonostatic factor(s) by the male during copulation that result in suppressed pheromone production and/or receptivity in females either directly or by a primer effect. In several species of insects, including moths, a pheromonostatic factor is transferred in the seminal fluid of males. Similar to the controversies associated with the pheromonotropic activity of PBAN, sometimes even within the same species, there appear to be controversies in pheromonostasis in heliothines as well.This paper reviews these conflicting findings and presents some data on pheromonostatic and pheromonotropic activity in Heliothis virescens that support and conflict with current information, raising further questions. Answers to some of the questions are partly available; however, they remain to be answered unequivocally. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Patterns of biosynthesis and accumulation of hydrocarbons and contact sex pheromone in the female german cockroach, Blattella germanica
Authors: Schal Coby , Gu Xiaoping , Burns Edina L. , Blomquist Gary J. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractDe novo synthesis of contact female sex pheromone and hydrocarbons in Blattella germanica was examined using short in vivo incubations. Accumulation of pheromone on the epicuticular surface and the internal pheromone titer were related to age‐specific changes in hydrocarbon synthesis and accumulation in normal and allatectomized females. The incorporation of radiolabel from [1‐14C]propionate into the cuticular methyl ketone pheromone fraction was positively related to corpora allata activity during two gonotrophic cycles. During peak pheromone production the total internal lipid fraction contained greater titers of pheromone than the cuticular surface, and it too exhibited a cycle internally, preceding the rise in external pheromone. This suggests that synthesis and accumulation of pheromone internally are followed by transport of pheromone to the epicuticular surface where it accumulates. Radiolabel was incorporated efficiently into both cuticular and internal hydrocarbons after the imaginal molt and until the peak of pheromone synthesis, but it declined to lower levels before ovulation and throughout pregnancy. The internal hydrocarbon titer decreased 58% after oviposition, suggesting deposition in the egg case. It remained relatively unchanged during pregnancy and increased again during the second gonotrophic cycle. In allatectomized females, hydrocarbon synthesis was reduced relative to control females until oviposition in the latter. However, subsequent rates of hydrocarbon synthesis in allatectomized females (without oothecae) exceeded the rates in sham‐operated females (with oothecae). In the absence of ovarian uptake of hydrocarbons, the internal titer increased without the decline found in control females at oviposition. As internal hydrocarbons increased, so did cuticular hydrocarbons and both internal and cuticular methyl ketone pheromones. These patterns corresponded well with feeding patterns in sham‐operated and allatectomized females, suggesting that pheromone production is normally regulated by stage‐specific feeding‐induced hydrocarbon synthesis (precursor accumulation internally) and juvenile hormoneinduced conversion of hydrocarbon to pheromone. They also suggest that both the cuticle and the ovaries might be target sites for hydrocarbon and possibly methyl ketone deposition. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Biosynthesis of sorbic acid in aphids: An investigation into symbiont involvement and potential relationship with aphid pigments
Authors: Walters Frederick S. , Mullin Christopher A. , Gildow Frederick E. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractStudies were undertaken to determine the role of symbionts and UV exposure in biosynthesis of the aphid‐specific polyketides, sorbic acid and quinone pigments. Injection of adult potato aphids, Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Thomas), with the antibiotic rifampicin did not alter the level of sorbic or myristic acid in triglycerides of resultant progeny; pigmentation was also unaffected. However, antibiotic injection did produce marked physiological effects; progeny from injected aphids were smaller, slower to mature, and not fecund. Light microscopy confirmed that only 8% of rifampicin‐treated aphids contained mycetocytes; thus, symbiont involvement in the production of this unusual UV‐quenching short chain fatty acid is not supported. Following multigenerational exposure to long wavelength UV light, no substantial changes in sorbic acid content were detected in the potato aphid or the oleander aphid, Aphis nerii Fonscolombe. Pigments from UV‐exposed oleander aphids had a peak absorbance at 390 nm, 70 nm lower than unexposed aphids. This suggests a photo‐protective role for the pigments of the sunlight‐inhabiting A. nerii; by contrast, no changes were observed in pigments of M. euphorbiae which usually feeds in the shade. Injection of adult potato aphids with sodium [1‐14C]‐acetate rapidly labeled both sorbic acid and pigments, particularly among the latter a yellow pigment which co‐chromatographed with the dominant C15 yellow pigment of the oleander aphid. These data support the hypothesis that aphid C30 pigments are built up by coupling of “monomeric type” C15 pigments. Although aphid and not symbiont enzymes appear to synthesize these acetogenins, a possible biosynthetic link between sorbic acid and aphid pigments requires further clarification. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cyclodiene resistance at the insect GABA receptor/chloride channel complex confers broad cross resistance to convulsants and experimental phenylpyrazole insecticides
Authors: Bloomquist J. R. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThis study investigated the pharmacological profile of cyclodiene resistance in Drosophila melanogaster and the mode of action of a phenylpyrazole insecticide, JKU 0422. Toxicological studies were performed with a sucrose bait assay containing the synergist piperonyl butoxide. The Maryland strain of D. melanogaster was resistant to dieldrin, lindane, picrotoxinin, TBPS, p‐CN‐TBOB, and JKU 0422. In contrast, this strain was susceptible to cypermethrin and the avermectins MK‐243, abamectin, and abamectin 8,9‐oxide. Neurophysiological studies showed that both TBPS and JKU 0422 reversed the inhibitory action of GABA in central nerve preparations from susceptible D. melanogaster. However, the response to these compounds was attenuated in nerve preparations from the resistant Maryland strain, which indicated that the resistance was expressed at the level of the nerve. Topical toxicity bioassays with JKU 0422 on susceptible (CSMA) and cyclodiene‐resistant (LPP) strains of German cockroach revealed a resistance ratio of 553‐fold for this compound. These studies demonstrate that cyclodiene resistance in D. melanogaster confers broad cross resistance toward compounds thought to block the GABA‐gated chloride channel in a manner similar to the cyclodienes. Moreover, the cross resistance extends to JKU 0422, and resistance to this compound is also present in a strain of cyclodiene‐resistant German cockroach. These toxicological results, along with the neurophysiological studies, confirm that JKU 0422 has a mode of action that is similar to the cyclodienes and TBPS. These findings suggest that the introduction and use of new chloride channel antagonists as insecticides should be managed carefully in order to prevent the rapid development of resistance in the field. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sources of possible host regulatory factors in Cardiochiles nigriceps (hymenoptera: Braconidae)
Authors: Vinson S. Bradleigh , Mourad Ahmed Kamal , Sebesta Deborah K. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractBoth larvae and teratocytes liberated upon hatching from the eggs of the endoparasitoid Cardiochiles nigriceps Viereck were found to release proteins into their surrounding environment as they develop. Teratocytes were found to synthesize and release a number of proteins into culture media in which they were incubated. The proteins released differed among the different teratocyte ages. Larvae were also found to release proteins into the culture media in which they were incubated. Ligation of the head or anal vesicle altered the protein pattern found in the media. The results demonstrate that both larvae and the associated teratocytes release proteins that may have important functions in the parasitoidhost interaction. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Occurrence of three different binding sites for Bacillus thuringiensis δ‐endotoxins in the midgut brush border membrane of the potato tuber moth, phthorimaea operculella (zeller)
Authors: Escriche Baltasar , Martínez‐Ramírez Amparo C. , Real M. Dolores , Silva Francisco J. , Ferré Juan 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe potato tuber moth is susceptible to at least three insecticidal crystal proteins (ICPs) from Bacillus thuringiensis: CrylA(b), CrylB, and CrylC. To design useful combinations of toxin genes either in transgenic plants or in new genetically modified B. thuringiensis strains, it is necessary to determine the binding characteristics of the different ICPs so as not to combine a pair sharing the same binding site. This has been accomplished using two different techniques: 125I‐labeling of the ICPs with further measurement of the radioactivity bound to brush border membrane vesicles, and microscopic visualization of the bound ICPs by enzyme‐linked reagents such as antibodies or streptavidin using biotinylated ICPs. Our results show that CrylA(b), CrylB, and CrylC bind to different sites in the brush border membrane of midgut epithelial cells. Also, the affinity of the binding sites for the ICPs and their concentration in brush border membrane vesicles has been determined in a laboratory strain and a storage collected population. No significant differences were found between these two strains. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Biosynthesis of (10R)‐Juvenile hormone III from farnesoic acid by Aedes aegypti ovary
Authors: Borovsky Dov , Carlson David A. , Ujváry István , Prestwich Glenn D. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractSynthesis of (10R)‐juvenile hormone III (JH III) outside the corpora allata (CA) was investigated in female Aedes aegypti. Intact females or ligated abdomens of blood‐fed and sugar‐fed females synthesized in vivo [12‐3H]JH III‐like molecules from [12‐3H]‐methyl farnesoate, indicating that an organ(s) in the female abdomen, other than the CA, converted methyl farnesoate into JH III. To find out the organ(s) that synthesized JH III‐like molecules, ovaries, fat bodies, and midguts were incubated in vitro with [12‐3H]methyl farnesoate and the synthesis of JH III‐like molecules was compared with JH III synthesized by CA. To identify tissue(s) having both farnesoic acid methyl transferase and farnesoate epoxidase, enzymes that convert farnesoic acid into JH III, ovaries, and fat bodies were removed from sugar and blood‐fed females and incubated with [12‐3H]farnesoic acid. Chemical derivatization by methoxyhydrin formation followed by esterification with (+)‐α‐methoxy‐ α‐trifluoromethyl phenylacetic (MTPA) acid chloride and reversed phase liquid chromatography identified (10R)‐JH III methoxyhydrin (+)‐MTPA ester as the sole JH III‐like molecule produced in tissue culture incubation of ovaries. Since only (10R)‐JH III is produced and not racemic JH III, the oxidation of farnesoic acid must be enzymatically mediated. Ovaries and corpora allata of female A. aegypti also synthesized [3H,14C]JH III from L‐[methyl‐3H]methionine and [14C]acetate which was characterized by HPLC and gas chromatography. These results suggest that mosquito ovary can synthesize (10R)‐JH III from farnesoic acid, and that this tissue synthesizes JH III‐like molecules from L‐methionine and acetate. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of the pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide on sex pheromone biosynthesis in Spodoptera littoralis isolated glands
Authors: Fabriás Gemma , Marco M. Pilar , Camps Francisco 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe control of Spodoptera littoralis sex pheromone biosynthesis has been investigated with synthetic pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide (PBAN) and different labeled tracers using an in vitro isolated gland system. Responsiveness of the glands to PBAN stimulation was impaired by careless tissue manipulation. The fact that PBAN is active in the isolated gland system suggests that this might be a target organ for this peptide in S. littoralis. As reported previously with Br‐SOG extracts and intact females, label incorporation into the pheromone increased in glands treated with PBAN from all the precursors tested. However, the formation of labeled intermediates from d5E11–14:Acid also occurred in glands incubated in the absence of the peptide, but the amounts of d5Z9, E11–14:Acid were lower in PBAN treated glands than in controls. These results indicate that PBAN controls pheromone biosynthesis in S. littoralis by regulating the reduction of acyl moieties. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Chitin synthesis in Spodoptera frugiperda wing imaginal discs. II. Selective action of chlorfluazuron on wheat germ agglutinin binding and cuticle ultrastructure
Authors: Zimowska Grazyna , Mikołajczyk Piotr , Silhacek Donald L. , Oberlander Herbert 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe action of the chitin synthesis inhibitor, chlorfluazuron, was investigated in Spodoptera frugiperda wing imaginal discs cultured in vitro. Electron microscopy and cytochemical labeling with a lectin, wheat germ agglutinin (WGA), were used to monitor morphogenesis, as well as the presence and localization of chitin and non‐polymerized N‐acetyl‐D‐glucosamine (GlcNAc). Chlorfluazuron (CFA) selectively inhibited 20‐ hydroxyecdysone–stimulated chitin synthesis and procuticle deposition in imaginal discs, without otherwise affecting their morphogenesis. Tracheole migration, evagination, exocytosis, and endocytosis in the epithelial cells, and the presence of non‐polymerized GlcNAc in the extracellular matrix, were observed in both CFA‐treated and control wing discs. On the other hand, CFA prevented the appearance of WGA‐labeled chitin in newly formed procuticle, while the deposition of proteinaceous cuticulin and epicuticle was unaffected. A brief treatment with CFA resulted in WGA labeling of non‐polymerized GlcNAc, but not chitin in the procuticle region. The lack of chitin in CFA treated wing discs was correlated with the appearance of an amorphous, non‐lamellar procuticle region. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.This article is a US Government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America.
Acetylcholinesterase from the horn fly (Diptera: Muscidae) II: Biochemical and molecular properties
Authors: Xu Gang , Bull Don L. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractPurified acetylcholinesterase (AChE) of the horn fly was characterized to elucidate the enzymological, inhibitory, and molecular properties of the enzyme. Maximum activity of the AChE against the substrate acetylthiocholine (ATCh) occurred when reactions were conducted at 37°C and pH 7.5. Km and Vmax values were (9.2 ± 0.35) × 10−6 M and 239.8 ± 10.8 units/mg, respectively, for ATCh and (1.5 ± 0.07) × 10−5 M and 138.5 ± 5.5 units/mg, respectively, for butyrylthiocholine (BTCh). The activity of AChE decreased when concentrations of ATCh or BTCh were higher than 1 mM. Studies of the interaction of AChE with different inhibitors revealed pl50 values of 8.88 for eserine, 6.90 for BW284C51, and 4.97 for ethopropazine. Bimolecular reaction constants (kis) for the organophosphorus (OP) anticholinesterases were (2.74 ± 0.14) × 106 M−1 min−1 for coroxon, (7.20 ± 0.28) × 105 M−1 min−1 for paraoxon, and (2.33 ± 0.12) × 105 M−1 min−1 for stirofos. Two major forms of native AChE molecules were found on non‐denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) with Triton X‐100, corresponding to bands AChE‐2 and AChE‐4 found on PAGE without Triton X‐100. AChE‐2 had an estimated molecular weight of 603,000 and was amphiphilic. AChE‐4 had a molecular weight of 147,000 and was hydrophilic. Results of PAGE analyses indicated that the purified enzyme had two bands, one of about 123 kDa and the other greater than 320 kDa, prior to disulfide reduction and only one band at about 54 kDa after reduction on SDS‐PAGE. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.This article is a US Government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America.
Molecular cloning of a Drosophila melanogaster gene coding for an homologue of human carboxypeptidase E
Authors: Bernasconi Paul 
Published: February 2005

AbstractPCR primers derived from two functional domains of vertebrate carboxypeptidase E (CPE) were used to generate a probe for screening a size‐selected Drosophila melanogaster genomic library. A sequence representing about 50% of the expected complete sequence was obtained by translation of the two open reading frames present on a 1.6 kb DNA genomic fragment. This partial sequence, homologous to human CPE, CPM, and CPN, contained the conserved arginine and zinc binding domains. Similarities to the human enzymes were found with stretches that were equally divergent from the three vertebrate carboxypeptidases. Northern blot analysis revealed the presence of a 6.9 kb transcript for this gene in Drosophila embryos. I postulate that insects possess a single protein fulfilling CPE, CPM, and CPN functions. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
“Reduced appendage”: A mutation affecting development of pupal and adult appendages of the moth, Plodia interpunctella
Authors: Shirk Paul D. , Ogren Karen L. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractA mutant that results in the reduced length of pupal and adult appendages was isolated from a laboratory colony of the Indianmeal moth, Plodia interpunctella (Hübner). “Reduced appendage” (rda) was determined to be an autosomal recessive mutation that affects the development of pupal and adult appendages during the larval/pupal molt. The rda mutation had no observed effect on the larval phenotype. After pupation, the appendages of rda were reduced in size as compared with wild‐type. In addition, unsclerotized cuticle underlying the pupal appendages was exposed and the establishment of the boundary between the unsclerotized and sclerotized pupal abdominal cuticle appeared normal even though the imaginal discs of rda did not evaginate normally. This demonstrates that rda affects only imaginal discs and that the morphogenesis of structures that were not derived from the imaginal discs were not dependent on interactions with evagination of imaginal discs. Although the rda phenotype resulted in shorter antennae, mouth parts, legs, and wings in pupae and adults, the mutation did not affect the number of cells comprising the imaginal discs or the pupal appendages. Cell counts showed that forewing imaginal discs and pupal forewings from the rda mutants contained the same number of cells as did the imaginal discs and wings from the wild‐type strain. Thus, rda appears to affect processes related to disc evagination and not cell proliferation. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.This article is a US Government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America.