bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disregard of aquatic shrews in the Environmental Impact Assessment reports regarding hydropower dams in the Nepal Himalayas
Authors: Dahal Sagar , Neupane Kaustuv Raj , Baral Bashu Dev , Poulton Simon 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe rate of hydropower dam construction on rivers is increasing in emerging economies in South Asia, to achieve economic development goals. These large infrastructure projects are likely to have many negative consequences on freshwater species but have not yet received much consideration. Among freshwater small mammalian species, water shrews are seriously impacted by these large structures. This paper aims to determine if water shrews have been considered during the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) of these hydro dam project sites, as well as present the sightings of the water shrews from Nepalese rivers with hydropower potential. We reviewed 44 EIA reports of such projects in Nepal using a set of four criteria and 15 questions to analyze the methods of impact assessment for mammals and the reports on the presence of water shrews in each built area. The study found that the number of mammal species reported during the EIA varied from five to 55 species but no relationships between the hydropower structure's size and any water shrew species were considered in the studies. In almost all EIA reports, the term aquatic ecosystem was prioritized over the term aquatic small mammals, and the latter was not considered in the assessment. The major reason for not considering these species is probably due to the lack of robust methods to capture small mammals such as shrews, or due to survey methods focused only on terrestrial mammals. The Aquatic Animal Protection Act was fully reviewed and assured to be followed in a majority of the reports, yet the monitoring parameters and indicators were not available for aquatic small mammals. Ignoring the presence of these mammals while constructing hydropower plants is a serious threat to their persistence. We also reported the Himalayan water shrew in the Barun River and the elegant water shrew in the Upper Tamakoshi River of Nepal. Therefore, a better understanding of these species among hydropower developers, and all concerned agencies, is essential.
Biomarkers in Skin Autoimmunity—An Update on Localised Scleroderma
Authors: Hernández-Bustos Adrián , Bolos Begona , Astakhova Kira 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Human autoimmune diseases are complex and highly diverse conditions that can be of localised or systemic nature. Understanding the basic biology of autoimmune diseases goes hand in hand with providing the clinics with valuable biomarkers for managing these diseases. The focus of this review is paid to localised scleroderma, an autoimmune disease affecting skin and subcutaneous tissue. Localised scleroderma has very few serological biomarkers for clinical analyses distinguishing it from main differentials, and yet noneffective prognostic biomarkers. With this regard, the review covers well-established and new biomarkers such as cell surface proteins, autoantibodies and cytokines. In recent few years, several new biomarkers have been suggested, many provided with modern genomic studies. This includes epigenetic regulation of DNA, RNA transcriptomics and regulatory RNA such as microRNA and long non-coding RNA. These findings can for the first time shed light on the genetic mechanisms behind the disease and contribute to improved diagnosis and treatment.
Photo‐Assisted Ferroelectric Domain Control for α‐In2Se3 Artificial Synapses Inspired by Spontaneous Internal Electric Fields
Authors: Kang Seok‐Ju , Jung Wonzee , Gwon Oh Hun , Kim Han Seul , Byun Hye Ryung , Kim Jong Yun , Jang Seo Gyun , Shin BeomKyu , Kwon Ojun , Cho Byungjin , Yim Kanghoon , Yu Young‐Jun 
Published: January 2024

Abstractα‐In2Se3 semiconductor crystals realize artificial synapses by tuning in‐plane and out‐of‐plane ferroelectricity with diverse avenues of electrical and optical pulses. While the electrically induced ferroelectricity of α‐In2Se3 shows synaptic memory operation, the optically assisted synaptic plasticity in α‐In2Se3 has also been preferred for polarization flipping enhancement. Here, the synaptic memory behavior of α‐In2Se3 is demonstrated by applying electrical gate voltages under white light. As a result, the induced internal electric field is identified at a polarization flipped conductance channel in α‐In2Se3/hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) heterostructure ferroelectric field effect transistors (FeFETs) under white light and discuss the contribution of this built‐in electric field on synapse characterization. The biased dipoles in α‐In2Se3 toward potentiation polarization direction by an enhanced internal built‐in electric field under illumination of white light lead to improvement of linearity for long‐term depression curves with proper electric spikes. Consequently, upon applying appropriate electric spikes to α‐In2Se3/hBN FeFETs with illuminating white light, the recognition accuracy values significantly through the artificial learning simulation is elevated for discriminating hand‐written digit number images.
Humidity‐Induced Protein‐Based Artificial Synaptic Devices for Neuroprosthetic Applications
Authors: Sadhukhan Riya , Verma Shiv Prakash , Mondal Sovanlal , Das Abhirup , Banerjee Rajdeep , Mandal Ajoy , Banerjee Madhuchanda , Goswami Dipak K. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractNeuroprosthetics and brain–machine interfaces are immensely beneficial for people with neurological disabilities, and the future generation of neural repair systems will utilize neuromorphic devices for the advantages of energy efficiency and real‐time performance abilities. Conventional synaptic devices are not compatible to work in such conditions. The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the central part of the nervous system is composed of 99% water. Therefore, artificial synaptic devices, which are the fundamental component of neuromorphic devices, should resemble biological nerves while being biocompatible, and functional in high‐humidity environments with higher functional stability for real‐time applications in the human body. In this work, artificial synaptic devices are fabricated based on gelatin‐PEDOT: PSS composite as an active material to work more effectively in a highly humid environment (≈90% relative humidity). These devices successfully mimic various synaptic properties by the continuous variation of conductance, like, excitatory/inhibitory post‐synaptic current(EPSC/IPSC), paired‐pulse facilitation/depression(PPF/PPD), spike‐voltage dependent plasticity (SVDP), spike‐duration dependent plasticity (SDDP), and spike‐rate dependent plasticity (SRDP) in environments at a relative humidity levels of ≈90%.
Enhancing the Functionality of Immunoisolated Human SC‐βeta Cell Clusters through Prior Resizing
Authors: Bochenek Matthew A. , Walters Ben , Zhang Jingping , Fenton Owen S. , Facklam Amanda , Kroneková Zuzana , Pelach Michal , Engquist Elise N. , Leite Nayara C. , Morgart Alex , Lacík Igor , Langer Robert , Anderson Daniel G. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe transplantation of immunoisolated stem cell derived beta cell clusters (SC‐β) has the potential to restore physiological glycemic control in patients with type I diabetes. This strategy is attractive as it uses a renewable β‐cell source without the need for systemic immune suppression. SC‐β cells have been shown to reverse diabetes in immune compromised mice when transplanted as ≈300 µm diameter clusters into sites where they can become revascularized. However, immunoisolated SC‐β clusters are not directly revascularized and rely on slower diffusion of nutrients through a membrane. It is hypothesized that smaller SC‐β cell clusters (≈150 µm diameter), more similar to islets, will perform better within immunoisolation devices due to enhanced mass transport. To test this, SC‐β cells are resized into small clusters, encapsulated in alginate spheres, and coated with a biocompatible A10 polycation coating that resists fibrosis. After transplantation into diabetic immune competent C57BL/6 mice, the “resized” SC‐β cells plus the A10 biocompatible polycation coating induced long‐term euglycemia in the mice (6 months). After retrieval, the resized A10 SC‐β cells exhibited the least amount of fibrosis and enhanced markers of β‐cell maturation. The utilization of small SC‐β cell clusters within immunoprotection devices may improve clinical translation in the future.
Unveiling the Structural Origins of Dynamic Diversity in Pd‐Based Metallic Glasses
Authors: Xu Tianding , Wang Xiao‐Dong , Dufresne Eric M. , Beyer Kevin A. , An Pengfei , Ma Jingyuan , Wang Nan , Liu Suya , Cao Qing‐Ping , Ding Shao‐Qing , Zhang Dong‐Xian , Zheng Lei , Zhang Jing , Hu Tian‐Dou , Jiang Zheng , Huang Yuying , Jiang Jian‐Zhong 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe β‐relaxation is one of the major dynamic behaviors in metallic glasses (MGs) and exhibits diverse features. Despite decades of efforts, the understanding of its structural origin and contribution to the overall dynamics of MG systems is still unclear. Here two palladium‐based Pd─Cu─P and Pd─Ni─P MGs are reported with distinct different β‐relaxation behaviors and reveal the structural origins for the difference using the advanced X‐ray photon correlation spectroscopy and absorption fine structure techniques together with the first‐principles calculations. The pronounced β‐relaxation and fast atomic dynamics in the Pd─Cu─P MG mainly come from the strong mobility of Cu atoms and their locally favored structures. In contrast, the motion of Ni atoms is constrained by P atoms in the Pd─Ni─P MG, leading to the weakened β‐relaxation peak and sluggish dynamics. The correlation of atomic dynamics with microscopic structures provides a way to understand the structural origins of different dynamic behaviors as well as the nature of aging in disordered materials.
All‐Scale Hierarchical Structuring, Optimized Carrier Concentration, and Band Manipulation Lead to Ultra‐High Thermoelectric Performance in Eco‐Friendly MnTe
Authors: Zulkifal Shahzada , Siddique Suniya , Wang Zhichao , Zhang Xuemei , Huang Xinqi , Xia Qinxuan , Zhang Qingtang , Li Song , Wang Peng , Li Di , Ying Pan , Zhang Yongsheng , Tang Guodong 
Published: January 2024

AbstractMnTe emerges as an enormous potential for medium‐temperature thermoelectric applications due to its lead‐free nature, high content of Mn in the earth's crust, and superior mechanical properties. Here, it is demonstrate that multiple valence band convergence can be realized through Pb and Ag incorporations, producing large Seebeck coefficient. Furthermore, the carrier concentration can be obviously enhance by Pb and Ag codoping, contributing to significant enhancement of power factor. Moreover, microstructural characterizations reveal that PbTe nanorods can be introduced into MnTe matrix by alloying Pb. This can modify the microstructure into all‐scale hierarchical architectures (including PbTe nanorods, enhances point‐defect scattering, dense dislocations and stacking faults), strongly lowering lattice thermal conductivity to a record low value of 0.376 W m−1 K−1 in MnTe system. As a result, an ultra‐high ZT of 1.5 can be achieved in MnTe thermoelectric through all‐scale hierarchical structuring, optimized carrier concentration, and valence band convergence, outperforming most of MnTe‐based thermoelectric materials.
MieWC: Medical image encryption using wavelet transform and multiple chaotic maps
Authors: Demla Kunal , Anand Ashima 
Published: January 2024

AbstractRecently, digital images have been widely used in several applications through advanced wearable devices and networks. Despite several benefits of digital images, such as easy distribution, storage, and reproduction, it is difficult to prevent the issue of identity theft, privacy leakage, and ownership conflicts. We present a wavelet‐based encryption technique, MieWC, to solve the above issues using multiple chaotic keys. This work uses multiple keys for the encryption process, which ensures high security and authenticity. Lorenz and logistic maps are used for chaotic key generation for diffusion and confusion processes. Further, the technique is tested for two different wavelet transforms, including integer wavelet transform (IWT) and discrete wavelet transform, with IWT giving better results. Hence, it is being used for further analysis. The proposed technique is easy to implement and provides high security with improved results. It has low time complexity and high key bit sensitivity. The result analysis further ensures resistance against crop attacks.
An intraprocedural bowel cleansing system for difficult‐to‐prepare patients—A multicenter prospective feasibility study
Authors: van Riswijk Milou L. M. , van Keulen Kelly E. , Neumann Helmut , Siersema Peter D. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundAdequate bowel preparation is a prerequisite for colonoscopy. However, up to 20% of colonoscopies remain inadequately prepared. Risk factors for inadequate bowel preparation often overlap with those of failed cecal intubation. This study aimed to assess the feasibility of an intraprocedural bowel cleansing system (BCS) in patients with a history of inadequate bowel preparation.MethodsPatients (n = 44) with a history of inadequate bowel preparation in the past 2 years were included. After a limited preparation with 300 mL split‐dose sodium picosulfate magnesium citrate, additional cleansing during colonoscopy was performed with the BCS. The primary outcome was adequate bowel preparation using the Boston Bowel Preparation Scale (BBPS). Secondary outcomes included cecal intubation rate, procedure times, usability, and safety.ResultsMedian BBPS increased from 1‐2‐2 (IQR 1–2) to 3‐3‐3 (IQR) (p < 0.0001), with 31.8% and 88.6% of patients adequately prepared before and after using the BCS, respectively (p < 0.0001). Cecal intubation rate was 88.6%. Reasons for incomplete colonoscopy were looping (n = 2), technical failure (n = 1), relative stricture (n = 1), and residual feces (n = 1). In patients with complete colonoscopy, the adequate cleansing rate was 97.5%. Median total procedure time was 26 min, of which 5.3 min were spent on cleaning. General ease of use was scored with a median of 4 out of 5, representing “as good as conventional colonoscopy”. No serious adverse events occurred.ConclusionsAdequate bowel cleaning can be achieved with an intraprocedural BCS in patients with a history of inadequate bowel preparation, which may reduce repeat colonoscopies and clinical admissions for bowel preparation. However, since these patients more frequently have complicated anatomy (surgical scarring, diverticulosis, etc.), adequate patient selection is advised to avoid incomplete procedures.
Uniaxial ratcheting and ductile damage in structural steel with a stochastic spreading of experimental data
Authors: Shutov Alexey V. , Kaygorodtseva Anastasiya A. , Zakharchenko Kirill V. , Kapustin Vladimir I. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis paper provides new experimental data regarding inelastic strain accumulation in structural steel samples. The samples are subjected to stress‐controlled cyclic loading with positive mean stress within each cycle; the loading blocks are combined in a complex pattern to study the effect of load history. A large‐strain ratcheting model is constructed based on a material law with a nonlinear kinematic and isotropic hardening. A new rule of ductile damage accumulation is suggested and a class of models with hardening stagnation is introduced. We show that models which include the hardening stagnation describe the experimental data more accurately. Unfortunately, due to a large spread of mechanical properties from sample to sample, it is impossible to describe the entire set of experiments using a single set of parameters. To address this challenge, we have developed novel mathematical tools for parameter identification in the context of stochastic variations in mechanical properties. These tools include the concept of acollar of model responsesand the notion ofprotrusion. We propose an extended parameter identification problem that rethinks the standard error functional. We demonstrate that the extended identification problem effectively accounts for the large spread observed in experimental data when applied to the developed ratcheting model.
Case study: Visual barriers reduce pacing in captive tigers
Authors: Meulendijks Rick , Weimar Michou M. , Kappelhof Jeroen , Cunha Filipe C. R. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractCaptive large felines are prone to abnormal repetitive behaviors like pacing, which are associated with welfare issues. Visual contact without the opportunity to engage in appropriate behavior is known to increase pacing. To better understand the relationship between pacing and conspecific visual contact, we investigated this effect by conducting a barrier experiment on a male‐female pair of Sumatran tigers (Panthera tigris sumatrae) in Rotterdam Zoo, the Netherlands. The tigers were exposed to four consecutive housing treatments: (i) housed in the same enclosure (baseline), (ii) housed in separate enclosures with visual contact, (iii) housed in separate enclosures without visual contact, and (iv) housed in the same enclosure after the separation. We used focal and scan sampling to measure pacing and recorded the number of visitors. Moreover, we applied scan sampling to measure activity. Overall, our results indicate that the tigers paced significantly more when housed in separate enclosures with conspecific visual contact. Moreover, our results suggest that limiting visual contact between neighboring tigers can mitigate pacing. Implementing these findings in tiger husbandry and enclosure design has the potential to improve animal welfare zoo populations of large felines.
Research of Standard System on Fuel Cell Systems for Vehicles
Authors: Mingrui Wang , Yunlong Fang , Liyao Xu , Minyu Zhao , Jie Chen 
Published: January 2024

AbstractChina attaches great importance to the development of hydrogen energy and fuel cell industry, and a series of industrial policies and relevant national departments have repeatedly mentioned the direction of industrial development. This paper comprehensively sorts out and analyzes the relevant domestic and foreign standards focusing on fuel cell system for vehicle use, suggest that the standard system construction of them should center on key components and performance indicators, and establishes a four-level system from performance indicators to components. On several key performance indicators that restrict the large-scale industrialization of fuel cell vehicles, the entire industry should strengthen research.
Study on Safety Risk of Railway Vehicle Hydrogen Refueling Station Based on T-S Fuzzy Fault Tree and Bayesian Network
Authors: Shi Lei , Gao Yang , Wang Jian , Sun Shijie , Chen Limei , Xiang Weiran 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAccording to the requirements of operation safety in railway vehicle hydrogen refueling station, the risk factors affecting the operation safety were selected, the calculation formula of evaluation index was derived, and the Bayesian network model based on T-S fuzzy fault tree was constructed. The triangular membership function, the fuzzy subset of failure probability and the posterior probability formula were used to verify the availability of the safety risk assessment method.
The Cracks Effect Analysis on In-Plane Diffusivity in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Catalyst Layer by Lattice Boltzmann Method
Authors: Yang Mingyang , Yan Song , Du Aimin , Xu Sichuan 
Published: January 2024

AbstractCrack is always considered as a kind of defect on a catalyst layer in a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC), and its enhancement on mass transfer ability has always been ignored. In this work, the crack effect analysis on in-plane (IP) diffusivity on a catalyst layer is numerically evaluated by a D2Q9 lattice Boltzmann method (LBM). The effects on some key parameters like crack length, width, quantity and shape are carried out. The IP concentration distribution of crack CL shows deviation from the theoretical value, and this is because of the tortuosity caused by the CL cracks. The crack shape has almost no effect on the IP effective diffusivity, and the crack length shows a little bit more influence than the crack width and quantity. The crack ratio of the CL is the dominant effect on the IP mass diffusivity enhancement, and the lower the CL porosity is, the higher this enhancement achieve.
Brief Review and Technical Insight of Liquefied Hydrogen Carriers Development
Authors: Song Wei , Zhu Zilong , Wan Zhong , Long Chan , Liu Tao 
Published: January 2024

AbstractCountries worldwide are shifting to a hydrogen economy in response to stringent environmental regulations, and hydrogen transport between countries is expected to increase in the medium to long term. Although hydrogen is traded between countries in different forms such as ammonia, liquid hydrogen, and methanol, from the perspective of volume density and production/demand area without a separate process, the transportation of hydrogen in liquid form is the potential way for large-scale transportation of hydrogen in the future. This article aims to highlight the opportunities and challenges technical for the ocean-going liquid hydrogen carriers. An overview of development state-of-the-art and key technical challenges of liquid hydrogen carrier ships are summarized, including regulation, the cargo containment structure and insulation, boil off ratio (BOR) evaluation, boil-off gas (BOG) handling system and propulsion system. Finally, detailed technical route of the key technology required by future liquid hydrogen carrier is extrapolated, and securing a possible design through various technological alternatives.
Influence of Blade Geometry on Performance of Hydrogen Vortex Blower in Fuel Cell System
Authors: Li Hongshuai , Tan Lei , Zhao Huanxin 
Published: January 2024

AbstractHydrogen fuel cell has great potential in replacement of traditional fossil energy systems to decrease carbon dioxide emission. Vortex blower is a key device in the hydrogen recirculation system, which need to be studied deeply to improve the performance of the whole fuel cell. In this paper, the steady internal flow of a hydrogen vortex bower was numerical simulated, and the effect of blade number and blade flapping angle on the performance was studied. The simulation results were compared with experimental data, and the deviation of simulation in choking condition was observed. With the validated simulation method, the influence of blade number and flapping angle was studied. Higher blade number causes more friction, and less blade number leads to flow separation. The negative flapping angle also has the effect on depressing low-pressure region. This research illuminates the simulation method can be further applied to the aerodynamic study and structure optimization of vortex blower.