bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Daphnia magna digestive activity is differentially altered when exposed to equally turbid waters caused by either suspended sediment or suspended microplastics
Authors: Zink Lauren , Meslo Mikaila , Wiseman Steve , Pyle Gregory G. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractTurbidity can be a result of suspended natural particles, such as sediment, or anthropogenic particles such as microplastics. This study assessed whether Daphnia magna, a pelagic filter feeder known to ingest suspended particles, have an altered response to equally turbid environments caused by the presence of either suspended bentonite or suspended polyethylene microplastics. Compared to controls, daphnids exposed to suspended bentonite maintained their feeding efficiency and increased their digestive activity, as measured by mandibular movement, peristalsis, and expulsion, to pass bentonite through the digestive tract. The same effects were not seen in microplastic‐exposed individuals, in which feeding efficiency was decreased and only peristaltic movement was increased but without a coordinated increase in expulsion, suggesting that microplastics do not have the same ability as bentonite to pass through the digestive tract. This study highlights the need to discern the identities of particulates contributing to turbid environments as different particles, even of the same size, can have different effects on filter feeders, which inherently ingest suspended particles.
Noether-Wald charge in supergravity: the fermionic contribution
Authors: Bandos Igor , Ortín Tomás 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
We study the invariance of $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 1, d = 4 supergravity solutions under diffeormophisms and show that, in order to obtain consistent conditions (“Killing equations”) invariant under local supersymmetry transformations, one has to perform supersymmetry transformations generated by the superpartner of the vector that generates standard diffeomorphisms, just as a superspace analysis indicates. Using these transformations, we construct a Noether-Wald charge of $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 1, d = 4 supergravity with fermionic contributions which is diff- Lorentz- and supersymmetry-invariant (up to a total derivative).
Exotic spheres’ metrics and solutions via Kaluza-Klein techniques
Authors: Schettini Gherardini T. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
By applying an inverse Kaluza-Klein procedure, we provide explicit coordinate expressions for Riemannian metrics on two homeomorphic but not diffeomorphic spheres in seven dimensions. We identify Milnor’s bundles, among which ten out of the fourteen exotic seven-spheres appear (ignoring orientation), with non-principal bundles having homogeneous fibres. Then, we use the techniques in [1] to obtain a general ansatz for the coordinate expression of a metric on the total space of any Milnor’s bundle. The ansatz is given in terms of a metric on S4, a metric on S3 (which can smoothly vary throughout S4), and a connection on the principal SO(4)-bundle over S4. As a concrete example, we present explicit formulae for such metrics for the ordinary sphere and the Gromoll-Meyer exotic sphere. Then, we perform a non-abelian Kaluza-Klein reduction to gravity in seven dimensions, according to (a slightly simplified version of) the metric ansatz above. We obtain the standard four-dimensional Einstein-Yang-Mills system, for which we find solutions associated with the geometries of the ordinary sphere and of the exotic one. The two differ by the winding numbers of the instantons involved.
Pilot design of experiment study: effect of stirring duration and guest particle loading on electrostatic adsorption of Ti-6Al-4V composite powder formation
Authors: Ali Mubasher , Tan Yuanfu , Lin Feng , Su Zhou , Liao Wei-Hsin , Wong Hay 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn recent years, materials science and engineering have increasingly focused on advanced composite powders. This study examines the preparation of micro–micro Ti-6Al-4V composite powders by electrostatic adsorption (EA). The necessity of this research lies in the demand for optimizing the Ti-6Al-4V composite powder formation process window for high-performance applications across industries. Achieving optimal EA parameters is crucial for enhancing the quality and efficiency of the powder formation process. In this study, the effect of stirring duration and guest particle loading on the EA process is investigated. The stirring time (1 to 25 min) and guest particle loading (10 to 60%) of the solution are varied to determine the ideal conditions for high adsorption efficiency. It was found that shorter stirring durations (1 min) and a lower guest particle load (10%) have a significant effect on adsorption efficiency. The results were analyzed using the DOE approach to guide future optimization of the process window. The study fills a research gap by utilizing the DOE approach to investigate stirring duration and guest particle loading, providing insights for optimizing the EA process for micro–micro Ti-6Al-4V composite powder. This approach has the potential to enhance cost-effective, durable composite powder production with broad applications in industries like aerospace and automotive. While our research currently focuses on stirring duration and guest particle loading, the application of the DOE approach lays the groundwork for future investigations into additional EA process parameters, such as pH value, particle size, and temperature to expand our understanding of efficient composite powder formation.
Robustness of apparent diffusion coefficient–based lymph node classification for diagnosis of prostate cancer metastasis
Authors: Noto Benjamin , Eveslage Maria , Auf der Springe Katharina , Exler Anne , Faldum Andreas , Heindel Walter , Milachowski Stanislaw , Roll Wolfgang , Schäfers Michael , Stegger Lars , Bauer Jochen 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Objectives
The aim of this proof-of-principle study combining data analysis and computer simulation was to evaluate the robustness of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values for lymph node classification in prostate cancer under conditions comparable to clinical practice.

Materials and methods
To assess differences in ADC and inter-rater variability, ADC values of 359 lymph nodes in 101 patients undergoing simultaneous prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-PET/MRI were retrospectively measured by two blinded readers and compared in a node-by-node analysis with respect to lymph node status. In addition, a phantom and 13 patients with 86 lymph nodes were prospectively measured on two different MRI scanners to analyze inter-scanner agreement. To estimate the diagnostic quality of the ADC in real-world application, a computer simulation was used to emulate the blurring caused by scanner and reader variability. To account for intra-individual correlation, the statistical analyses and simulations were based on linear mixed models.

Results
The mean ADC of lymph nodes showing PSMA signals in PET was markedly lower (0.77 × 10−3 mm2/s) compared to inconspicuous nodes (1.46 × 10−3 mm2/s, p < 0.001). High inter-reader agreement was observed for ADC measurements (ICC 0.93, 95%CI [0.92, 0.95]). Good inter-scanner agreement was observed in the phantom study and confirmed in vivo (ICC 0.89, 95%CI [0.84, 0.93]). With a median AUC of 0.95 (95%CI [0.92, 0.97]), the simulation study confirmed the diagnostic potential of ADC for lymph node classification in prostate cancer.

Conclusion
Our model-based simulation approach implicates a high potential of ADC for lymph node classification in prostate cancer, even when inter-rater and inter-scanner variability are considered.

Clinical relevance statement
The ADC value shows a high diagnostic potential for lymph node classification in prostate cancer. The robustness to scanner and reader variability implicates that this easy to measure and widely available method could be readily integrated into clinical routine.

Key Points
• The diagnostic value of the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) for lymph node classification in prostate cancer is unclear in the light of inter-rater and inter-scanner variability.
• Metastatic and inconspicuous lymph nodes differ significantly in ADC, resulting in a high diagnostic potential that is robust to inter-scanner and inter-rater variability.
• ADC has a high potential for lymph node classification in prostate cancer that is maintained under conditions comparable to clinical practice.

Graphical abstract
Smart forecasting of artifacts in contrast-enhanced breast MRI before contrast agent administration
Authors: Liebert Andrzej , Das Badhan K. , Kapsner Lorenz A. , Eberle Jessica , Skwierawska Dominika , Folle Lukas , Schreiter Hannes , Laun Frederik B. , Ohlmeyer Sabine , Uder Michael , Wenkel Evelyn , Bickelhaupt Sebastian 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Objectives
To evaluate whether artifacts on contrast-enhanced (CE) breast MRI maximum intensity projections (MIPs) might already be forecast before gadolinium-based contrast agent (GBCA) administration during an ongoing examination by analyzing the unenhanced T1-weighted images acquired before the GBCA injection.

Materials and methods
This IRB-approved retrospective analysis consisted of n = 2884 breast CE MRI examinations after intravenous administration of GBCA, acquired with n = 4 different MRI devices at different field strengths (1.5 T/3 T) during clinical routine. CE-derived subtraction MIPs were used to conduct a multi-class multi-reader evaluation of the presence and severity of artifacts with three independent readers. An ensemble classifier (EC) of five DenseNet models was used to predict artifacts for the post-contrast subtraction MIPs, giving as the input source only the pre-contrast T1-weighted sequence. Thus, the acquisition directly preceded the GBCA injection. The area under ROC (AuROC) and diagnostics accuracy scores were used to assess the performance of the neural network in an independent holdout test set (n = 285).

Results
After majority voting, potentially significant artifacts were detected in 53.6% (n = 1521) of all breast MRI examinations (age 49.6 ± 12.6 years). In the holdout test set (mean age 49.7 ± 11.8 years), at a specificity level of 89%, the EC could forecast around one-third of artifacts (sensitivity 31%) before GBCA administration, with an AuROC = 0.66.

Conclusion
This study demonstrates the capability of a neural network to forecast the occurrence of artifacts on CE subtraction data before the GBCA administration. If confirmed in larger studies, this might enable a workflow-blended approach to prevent breast MRI artifacts by implementing in-scan personalized predictive algorithms.

Clinical relevance statement
Some artifacts in contrast-enhanced breast MRI maximum intensity projections might be predictable before gadolinium-based contrast agent injection using a neural network.

Key Points
• Potentially significant artifacts can be observed in a relevant proportion of breast MRI subtraction sequences after gadolinium-based contrast agent administration (GBCA).
• Forecasting the occurrence of such artifacts in subtraction maximum intensity projections before GBCA administration for individual patients was feasible at 89% specificity, which allowed correctly predicting one in three future artifacts.
• Further research is necessary to investigate the clinical value of such smart personalized imaging approaches.
Safety, feasibility, and short-term-outcome of anal endoscopic submucosal dissection for anal intraepithelial neoplasia: an option for focal lesions?
Authors: Singhartinger F. , Gantschnigg A. , Holzinger J. , Wagner A. , Singhartinger J. , Koch O. , Emmanuel K. , Presl J. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background
Anal intraepithelial neoplasia (AIN) appears in three different stages. AIN 1 and AIN 2 (p16 negative) are defined as low risk and unlikely to progress to invasive anal cancer. AIN 2 (p16 positive) and AIN 3 are of high risk and should be treated because progression rates to anal cancer are around 10% and treatment significantly reduces this risk. The correct treatment is still a matter of debate. Human papilloma virus (HPV) plays a role in the development of AIN. Our aim was to assess anal endoscopic dissection (aESD) as an intervention for AIN3.

Methods
We retrospectively evaluated patients who underwent aESD for AIN 3 between December 2017 and March 2023. The interventional technique itself (duration, complications, size of specimen) and patient outcomes (recurrence, progression to anal cancer, re-intervention) were analyzed.

Results
Fifteen patients with a median age of 52 years (23−78) underwent aESD for AIN 3. All tested specimens were positive for HPV. Median duration of intervention was 56.1 min, one delayed postinterventional bleeding occurred, and specimen size was 12.05 cm2. Median follow-up was 11.17 months. Three recurrences (20%) appeared: one was resected via biopsy and two were again treated with aESD. There was no progression to invasive anal cancer in the follow-up period.

Conclusions
Anal endoscopic submucosal dissection seems to be a safe and feasible treatment for AIN. Recurrences are seldom and can be treated again with the same method. Nevertheless, indications for resection in comparison to radiofrequency ablation, pharmacological therapy, and watch-and-wait strategy are still unclear.

Trial registration
Ethics commission of Salzburg, Austria, EK-Nr. 1056/2023. Keywords: Endoscopic submucosal dissection, anal intraepithelial neoplasia, anal cancer
Collective combinatorial optimisation as judgment aggregation
Authors: Boes Linus , Colley Rachael , Grandi Umberto , Lang Jérôme , Novaro Arianna 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn many settings, a collective decision has to be made over a set of alternatives that has a combinatorial structure: important examples are multi-winner elections, participatory budgeting, collective scheduling, and collective network design. A further common point of these settings is that agents generally submit preferences over issues (e.g., projects to be funded), each having a cost, and the goal is to find a feasible solution maximising the agents’ satisfaction under problem-specific constraints. We propose the use of judgment aggregation as a unifying framework to model these situations, which we refer to as collective combinatorial optimisation problems. Despite their shared underlying structure, collective combinatorial optimisation problems have so far been studied independently. Our formulation into judgment aggregation connects them, and we identify their shared structure via five case studies of well-known collective combinatorial optimisation problems, proving how popular rules independently defined for each problem actually coincide. We also chart the computational complexity gap that may arise when using a general judgment aggregation framework instead of a specific problem-dependent model.
Precision Mental Health and Data-Informed Decision Support in Psychological Therapy: An Example
Authors: Lutz Wolfgang , Schaffrath Jana , Eberhardt Steffen T. , Hehlmann Miriam I. , Schwartz Brian , Deisenhofer Ann-Kathrin , Vehlen Antonia , Schürmann Stephanie Vaccarezza , Uhl Jessica , Moggia Danilo 
Published: December 2023

AbstractOutcome measurement including data-informed decision support for therapists in psychological therapy has developed impressively over the past two decades. New technological developments such as computerized data assessment, and feedback tools have facilitated advanced implementation in several seetings. Recent developments try to improve the clinical decision-making process by connecting clinical practice better with empirical data. For example, psychometric data can be used by clinicians to personalize the selection of therapeutic programs, strategies or modules and to monitor a patient’s response to therapy in real time. Furthermore, clinical support tools can be used to improve the treatment for patients at risk for a negative outcome. Therefore, measurement-based care can be seen as an important and integral part of clinical competence, practice, and training. This is comparable to many other areas in the healthcare system, where continuous monitoring of health indicators is common in day-to-day clinical practice (e.g., fever, blood pressure). In this paper, we present the basic concepts of a data-informed decision support system for tailoring individual psychological interventions to specific patient needs, and discuss the implications for implementing this form of precision mental health in clinical practice.
Biological and histological changes and DNA damage in Oreochromis niloticus exposed to oxytetracycline: a potential amelioratory role of ascorbic acid
Authors: Abu-Zahra Nagwa I. S. , Atia Ayman A. , Elseify Mohamed M. , Soliman Shireen 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAntibiotics are crucial in the control of bacterial infections on fish farms. However, the influence of licensed antibiotics on DNA damage, histological changes, and protein differentiation in some farmed fish species is unidentified. The current study aimed to investigate the effect of therapeutic (80 mg/kg body weight/day) and high doses (160 mg/kg body weight/day) of oxytetracycline (OTC) on some biological indices, protein differentiation, histological changes, and DNA damage in Oreochromis niloticus (n = 360; 40 ± 3.5 g) and the potential positive effects of dietary ascorbic acid (AA) and whether it is capable of reducing the deleterious impacts of OTC and working synergistically to increase fish disease resistance and decrease morbidity and mortality rates. In the current study, fish were fed diets with or without OTC (80 or 160 mg/kg body weight/day) and AA (100 mg/kg diet/day) for 28 days, followed by a bacterial stress test with two different virulent strains for 14 days. Treatments include CTR (control; without additives), AA, OTC80, OTC160, OTC80 + AA, and OTC160 + AA. The results revealed that the AA group had the best antioxidative (significant increase in SOD, CAT, and GPx) and immunomodulatory effects (an increase in IgM, nitroblue tetrazolium, and total leucocytic count). Furthermore, the hematological parameters, immune indices (NBT), and antioxidant enzymes were significantly reduced by OTC160 (p ≤ 0.05). The results also showed that OTC160 notably augmented the activity of liver (ALT, AST, and LDH) and kidney (creatinine and urea) damage markers (p ≤ 0.05). OTC160 revealed considerable hepatic and renal tissue damage and significantly higher hepatocyte DNA damage. Pathological changes and DNA damage were directly correlated to the dosage of OTC exposure, where they were more severe in OTC160. OTC80 showed insignificant changes in most parameters. Compared to CTR, the inclusion of AA in the O. niloticus diet significantly restored the biological indices, histological changes, and DNA damage in OTC-treated groups. The morbidity and mortality percentages after bacterial challenge were significantly lower in the OTC80 + AA group, followed by the OTC160 + AA group than in the CTR. These results corroborate the use of AA as a potent antioxidant and immune stimulant and a potential co-adjuvant to OTC in the diet of O. niloticus to reach optimal resistance to disease.
Sustainability evaluation of contrasting milpa systems in the Yucatán Peninsula, Mexico
Authors: González-Esquivel Carlos E. , Briones-Guzmán Cecilia , Tovar-López Eduardo , López-Ridaura Santiago , Arnés Esperanza , Camacho-Villa Tania Carolina 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe milpa agroecosystem is an intercropping of maize, beans, squash and other crops, developed in Mesoamerica, and its adoption is widely variable across climates and regions. An example of particular interest is the Yucatan Peninsula in Mexico, which holds highly diverse milpas, drawing on ancestral Mayan knowledge. Traditional milpas have been described as sustainable resource management models, based on long rotations within a slash-and-burn cycle in forest areas. Nevertheless, due to modernization and intensification processes, new variants of the approach have appeared. The objective of this study was to evaluate the sustainability of three milpa systems (traditional, continuous, and mechanized) in four case studies across the Peninsula, with emphasis on food self-sufficiency, social inclusion and adoption of innovations promoted by a development project. The Framework for the Evaluation of Agroecosystems using Indicators (MESMIS, for its Spanish acronym) was used for its flexible, participatory approach. A common group of indicators was developed despite regional differences between study cases, with a high level of farmer participation throughout the iterative process. The results show lower crop yields in traditional systems, but with lower inputs costs and pesticide use. In contrast, continuous milpas had higher value in terms of crop diversity, food security, social inclusion, and innovation adoption. Mechanized milpas had lower weed control costs. Profitability of cash crops and the proportion of forest were high in all systems. Highly adopted innovations across milpa types and study cases included spatial crop arrangement and the use of residues as mulches. However, most innovations are not adapted to local conditions, and do not address climate change. Further, women and youth participation is low, especially in traditional systems.
Assessing the effect of β-glucan diets on innate immune response of tilapia macrophages against trichlorfon exposure: an in vitro study
Authors: Fierro-Castro Camino , Tort Lluís , Mingatto Fábio Erminio , Biller Jaqueline Dalbello 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe widespread use of pesticides in some areas where fish species such as tilapia are farmed may cause damage to the environment and affect commercial fish and therefore, human health. Water leaching with the pesticide trichlorfon, during the fumigation season in the field, can affect water quality in fish farms and consequently affect fish health. At the same time, the use of immunomodulatory compounds such as β-glucan supplied in the diet has become widespread in fish farms as it has been shown that improves the overall immune response. The present research examines the immunomodulatory impacts observed in macrophages of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) after being fed a diet supplemented with β-glucan for 15 days, followed by their in vitro exposure to trichlorfon, an organophosphate pesticide, at concentrations of 100 and 500 µg mL−1 for 24 h. The results showed that β-glucan diet improved the viability of cells exposed to trichlorfon and their antioxidant capacity. However, β-glucan did not counteract the effects of the pesticide as for the ability to protect against bacterial infection. From the present results, it can be concluded that β-glucan feeding exerted a protective role against oxidative damage in cells, but it was not enough to reduce the deleterious effects of trichlorfon on the microbicidal capacity of macrophages exposed to this pesticide.