bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Specialist or refugee: Microhabitat use and competition between two sympatric woodland salamanders
Authors: Waldron B. P. , Campbell C. A. , Kuchta S. R. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractCo‐occurrence between species may be mediated by ecological differences or competitive interactions, but the nature of these interactions can vary across spatial scales. At coarse scales, species may appear to broadly co‐occur, but at fine scales, particularly for species with small home ranges, species may utilize different aspects of the microhabitat such that co‐occurrence is limited and competitive interactions are reduced or eliminated. We investigated the microhabitat use of two morphologically and ecologically similar woodland salamanders (the Red‐backed Salamander, Plethodon cinereus, and the Northern Ravine Salamander, P. electromorphus) that are distributed throughout the Alleghany Plateau in eastern North America to determine whether they partition habitat at finer scales. We also tested if P. electromorphus is a specialist on habitat types that allow it to exclude P. cinereus, or if P. electromorphus uses lower quality habitat as a refuge to avoid P. cinereus. At a site of microsympatry, we repeatedly sampled plots during two seasons, each within a different area of the landscape, and used occupancy and abundance modeling to assess the extent of co‐occurrence and test whether the species use different microhabitat conditions. Plethodon cinereus greatly outnumbered P. electromorphus and occupied a greater proportion of plots, most plots where we detected P. electromorphus we also detected P. cinereus. In contrast to patterns documented in some montane species pairs, in which a high‐elevation habitat specialist excludes a low‐elevation generalist, we found that P. electromorphus primarily used microhabitat conditions favorable for both species, such as north‐facing slopes, yet did not have a negative effect on the abundances of P. cinereus. In the presence of an abundant competitor, microhabitat use of the less abundant species may narrow toward optimal conditions with sufficient resources to facilitate co‐occurrence.
FTO genotype and body mass index reduction in childhood obesity interventions: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Chen Jing , Xiao Wu‐Cai , Zhao Jia‐Jun , Heitkamp Melanie , Chen Da‐Fang , Shan Rui , Yang Zhi‐Rui , Liu Zheng 
Published: February 2024

SummaryNumerous guidelines have called for personalized interventions to address childhood obesity. The role of fat mass and obesity‐associated gene (FTO) in the risk of childhood obesity has been summarized. However, it remains unclear whether FTO could influence individual responses to obesity interventions, especially in children. To address this, we systematically reviewed 12,255 records across 10 databases/registers and included 13 lifestyle‐based obesity interventions (3980 children with overweight/obesity) reporting changes in body mass index (BMI) Z‐score, BMI, waist circumference, waist‐to‐hip ratio, and body fat percentage after interventions. These obesity‐related outcomes were first compared between children carrying different FTO genotypes (rs9939609 or its proxy) and then synthesized by random‐effect meta‐analysis models. The results from single‐group interventions showed no evidence of associations between FTO risk allele and changes in obesity‐related outcomes after interventions (e.g., BMI Z‐score: −0.01; 95% CI: −0.04, 0.01). The results from controlled trials showed that associations between the FTO risk allele and changes in obesity‐related outcomes did not differ by intervention/control group. To conclude, the FTO risk allele might play a minor role in the response to obesity interventions among children. Future studies might pay more attention to the accumulation effect of multiple genes in the intervention process among children.
Sodium fluoride‐induced autophagy of ameloblast‐like cells via the p‐ULk1/ATG13/LC3B pathway in vitro
Authors: Yang S. , Song D. , Wang R. , Liu M. , Tan T. , Wang Y. , Xie Q. , Wang L. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the effects of sodium fluoride on the ameloblast and reveal the mechanism of dental fluorosis.Materials and methodsMouse ameloblast‐like cell line (ALC) cells were treated with various concentrations of NaF, and subjected to Incucyte, fluorescence immunoassay, transmission electron microscopy, reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR), western blot for autophagy examination, alkaline phosphatase and alizarin red staining for mineralization after osteogenic induction.ResultsNaF exerts a dose‐dependent inhibitory effect on ALC cell growth. TEM and fluorescence immunoassay showed that 1.5 mM or higher concentrations of NaF could induce a fusion of lysosome and mitochondria, finally increasing the number of autophagosome. RT‐qPCR and western blot showed that the upregulation of autophagy related gene 13 (ATG13), downregulation of phosphorylated Unc‐51‐like kinase 1 (p‐ULK1) were found in NaF‐induced autophagy of ALC cells. The knockdown of ATG13 could rescue it as well as the expression of p‐ULK1 and LC3B. Besides, alizarin red staining showed that fluoride under these concentrations could promote the mineralization of ALC.ConclusionsThe data show that fluoride in higher concentration can induce autophagy via the p‐ULk1/ATG13/LC3B pathway of ALCs than lower ones promote mineralization in vitro, which provides insight into the function of NaF in the autophagy and mineralization of ameloblast.
N6‐methyladenosine mRNA methylation positively regulated the response of poplar to salt stress
Authors: Zhao Ye , Han Kun‐Jin , Tian Yan‐Ting , Jia Kai‐Hua , El‐Kassaby Yousry A. , Wu Yue , Liu Jie , Si Hua‐Yu , Sun Yu‐Han , Li Yun 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAs the most abundant form of methylation modification in messenger RNA (mRNA), the distribution of N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) has been preliminarily revealed in herbaceous plants under salt stress, but its function and mechanism in woody plants were still unknown. Here, we showed that global m6A levels increased during poplar response to salt stress. Methylated RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing (MeRIP‐seq) revealed that m6A significantly enriched in the coding sequence region and 3′‐untranslated regions in poplar, by recognising the conserved motifs, AGACU, GGACA and UGUAG. A large number of differential m6A transcripts have been identified, and some have been proved involving in salt response and plant growth and development. Further combined analysis of MeRIP‐seq and RNA‐seq revealed that the m6A hypermethylated and enrich in the CDS region preferred to positively regulate expression abundance. Writer inhibitor, 3‐deazaneplanocin A treatment increased the sensitivity of poplar to salt stress by reducing mRNA stability to regulate the expression of salt‐responsive transcripts PagMYB48, PagGT2, PagNAC2, PagGPX8 and PagARF2. Furthermore, we verified that the methyltransferase PagFIP37 plays a positively role in the response of poplar to salt stress, overexpressed lines have stronger salt tolerance, while RNAi lines were more sensitive to salt, which relied on regulating mRNA stability in an m6A manner of salt‐responsive transcripts PagMYB48, PagGT2, PagNAC2, PagGPX8 and PagARF2. Collectively, these results revealed the regulatory role of m6A methylation in poplar response to salt stress, and revealed the importance and mechanism of m6A methylation in the response of woody plants to salt stress for the first time.
The nematode effector calreticulin competes with the high mobility group protein OsHMGB1 for binding to the rice calmodulin‐like protein OsCML31 to enhance rice susceptibility to Meloidogyne graminicola
Authors: Liu Jing , Zhang Jiaqian , Wei Ying , Su Wen , Li Wei , Wang Bing , Peng Deliang , Gheysen Godelieve , Peng Huan , Dai Liangying 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe root‐knot nematode Meloidogyne graminicola secretes effectors into rice tissues to modulate host immunity. Here, we characterised MgCRT1, a calreticulin protein of M. graminicola, and identified its target in the plant. In situ hybridisation showed MgCRT1 mRNA accumulating in the subventral oesophageal gland in J2 nematodes. Immunolocalization indicated MgCRT1 localises in the giant cells during parasitism. Host‐induced gene silencing of MgCRT1 reduced the infection ability of M. graminicola, while over‐expressing MgCRT1 enhanced rice susceptibility to M. graminicola. A yeast two‐hybrid approach identified the calmodulin‐like protein OsCML31 as an interactor of MgCRT1. OsCML31 interacts with the high mobility group protein OsHMGB1 which is a conserved DNA binding protein. Knockout of OsCML31 or overexpression of OsHMGB1 in rice results in enhanced susceptibility to M. graminicola. In contrast, overexpression of OsCML31 or knockout of OsHMGB1 in rice decreases susceptibility to M. graminicola. The GST‐pulldown and luciferase complementation imaging assay showed that MgCRT1 decreases the interaction of OsCML31 and OsHMGB1 in a competitive manner. In conclusion, when M. graminicola infects rice and secretes MgCRT1 into rice, MgCRT1 interacts with OsCML31 and decreases the association of OsCML31 with OsHMGB1, resulting in the release of OsHMGB1 to enhance rice susceptibility.
Individual heat adaptation: Analyzing risk communication, warnings, heat risk perception, and protective behavior in three German cities
Authors: Heidenreich Anna , Thieken Annegret H. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractExtreme heat poses severe health threats, as the increased numbers of hospitalizations and fatalities during heat waves show, though little is known about adaptive behavior toward heat. We conducted a household survey on individual perceptions of heat stress and individual heat protection in the summer and autumn of 2019. In total, 1417 people from three medium‐sized German cities participated via telephone or online. Based on the Protective Action Decision Model (PADM), which we adapted to heat stress, we analyzed links between risk perception, environmental and demographic factors, perceptions of stakeholders, different heat warning messages, as well as actual and intended adaptive behavior. Overall, the PADM constructs explained around 16% of the variance in protection motivation, 19% in protective response, and 23% in emotion‐focused coping. Context factors (i.e., temperature, risk communication, gender, age, and homeownership) were significant predictors of the addressed outcome variables as were psychological factors (i.e., perceived personal vulnerability, response efficacy, response costs, preparedness, and perceived external responsibility). We further explored the effect of different warning messages on situational knowledge and intended behavioral adaptation in an experimental setting. Results showed that respondents felt significantly better informed after receiving a warning with action recommendations and reported more intended specific behaviors. Our research gives insights into individual protective action decision‐making processes. Based on our findings, we recommend tailoring risk communication strategies and combining heat warnings with action recommendations whenever possible to increase understanding and individual adaptation.
The intensity paradox: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of its impact on the cardiorespiratory fitness of older adults
Authors: H. Fosstveit Sindre , Lohne‐Seiler Hilde , Feron Jack , Lucas Samuel J. E. , Ivarsson Andreas , Berntsen Sveinung 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAimThe present systematic review and meta‐analysis aimed to compare the effect of moderate‐ versus high‐intensity aerobic exercise on cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) in older adults, taking into account the volume of exercise completed.MethodsThe databases MEDLINE (Ovid), EMBASE (Ovid), and CENTRAL (Cochrane Library) were searched to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Two reviewers extracted data and assessed bias. Comprehensive Meta‐Analysis software calculated overall effect size, intensity differences, and performed meta‐regression analyses using pre‐to‐post intervention or change scores of peak oxygen uptake (V̇O2peak). The review included 23 RCTs with 1332 older adults (intervention group:n = 932; control group:n = 400), divided into moderate‐intensity (435 older adults) and high‐intensity (476 older adults) groups.ResultsMeta‐regression analysis showed a moderate, but not significant, relationship between exercise intensity and improvements in V̇O2peak after accounting for the completed exercise volume (β = 0.31, 95% CI = [−0.04; 0.67]). Additionally, studies comparing moderate‐ versus high‐intensity revealed a small, but not significant, effect in favor of high‐intensity (Hedges'g = 0.20, 95% CI = [−0.02; 0.41]). Finally, no significant differences in V̇O2peak improvements were found across exercise groups employing various methods, modalities, and intensity monitoring strategies.ConclusionFindings challenge the notion that high‐intensity exercise is inherently superior and indicate that regular aerobic exercise, irrespective of the specific approach and intensity, provides the primary benefits to CRF in older adults. Future RCTs should prioritize valid and reliable methodologies for monitoring and reporting exercise volume and adherence among older adults.
Quantifying the impact of urbanization on wet deposition over Xiong'an New Area in northern China
Authors: Wang Wei , Wan Min , Li Ming , Mima Ciren , Wang Tao , Zhong Haozhong 
Published: February 2024

AbstractXiong'an New Area (XNA) in China is undergoing rapid urbanization due to economic development and population growth. However, the urbanization process can significantly impact the local environment. This study applied a combined method of Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) and empirical calculations to quantitatively identify changes in precipitation and wet deposition over XNA and its internal lake, Baiyangdian (BYD), during the summer months of June to September. Five different urbanization scenarios were established by varying the WRF subsurface conditions. By comparing these scenarios with historical observations, it was found that WRF simulations could effectively reproduce the precipitation and temperature changes in the region. This study examined how different levels of urbanization affect precipitation and estimated changes in PM2.5 wet deposition. The study's results indicate that as urbanization increases, it leads to an increase in precipitation and wet deposition in the XNA region. Using the relatively low urbanization level in 1980 as a benchmark for comparison, it was observed that when XNA becomes fully urbanized, the increase in precipitation and wet deposition in the region exceeds 7%. The BYD Lake can have a moderating effect on the environment, absorbing more than 50% of the local precipitation and PM2.5 wet deposition with less than 25% of its area, compared to the XNA interval of the statistics, while the increase in wet deposition in the BYD Lake area is more than 4% after full urbanization in XNA. The findings also emphasize the importance of the need to balance economic growth and environmental protection in urban planning and development.
What would be the impact on the rabies risk of reducing the waiting period before dogs are imported? A modelling study based on the European Union legislation
Authors: Crozet Guillaume , Cliquet Florence , Robardet Emmanuelle 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAimsLyssavirus rabies (RABV) is responsible for a major zoonotic infection that is almost always lethal once clinical signs appear. Rabies can be (re)introduced into rabies‐free areas through transboundary dog movements, thus compromising animal and human health. A number of measures have been implemented to prevent this happening, one of which is the waiting period (WP) after anti‐rabies vaccination and serological testing. This WP ensures that antibodies assessed through the serological test are due to the vaccine, not to infection. Indeed, if antibodies are due to RABV infection, the dog should display clinical signs within this WP and would not therefore be imported.Methods and ResultsWithin a framework of quantitative risk assessment, we used modelling approaches to evaluate the impact of this WP and its duration on the risk of introducing rabies via the importation of dogs into the European Union. Two types of models were used, a classical stochastic scenario tree model and an individual‐based model, both parameterised using scientific literature or data specifically applicable to the EU. Results showed that, assuming perfect compliance, the current 3‐month waiting period was associated with a median annual number of 0.04 infected dogs imported into the EU. When the WP was reduced, the risk increased. For example, for a 1‐month WP, the median annual number of infected dogs imported was 0.17 or 0.15 depending on the model, which corresponds to a four‐fold increase.ConclusionThis in silico study, particularly suitable for evaluating rare events such as rabies infections in rabies‐free areas, provided results that can directly inform policymakers in order to adapt regulations linked to rabies and animal movements.
Types, Progression, and Markedness of Theme in The Jakarta Post News on the COVID-19 Outbreak
Authors: Nurlela Nurlela , Septina Laras , Yusuf Muhammad 
Published: February 2024

This study aims to find out textual function including the types, progression, and markednes in The Jakarta Post Newspaper on the Covid-19 Outbreak in order to identify how the information in the clause goes on and gives a significant contribution to keeping the text coherent. The texts were analyzed by applying the theory of textual Metafunction proposed by Halliday and Matthiessen (2014). This study used a qualitative approach by using the content analysis. The result of this study shows topical, textual, and interpersonal Themes were found. Moreover, Topical Theme has the highest occurrences (77,3%), followed by the Textual Theme (21,5%), and Interpersonal Theme (1,2%). Regarding to the occurrences of the Theme Markedness, Unmarked Topical Theme (UMT) has higher occurrences with 91,5% than Marked Topical Theme (MT) with 8,5%. Meanwhile, the Thematic progression analysis shows that the Linear pattern has the highest occurrences with 55,8%, followed by a Constant Pattern with 36,4%, then a Split-Rheme pattern with 5,2%, and the Derived Theme as the lowest occurrences with 2,6%. The highest occurrences of unmarked Topical theme and Linear patterns give that both of them play an important role in creating continuity clauses of the newspaper.
On the geometric fixed points of real topological cyclic homology
Authors: Dotto Emanuele , Moi Kristian , Patchkoria Irakli 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWe give a formula for the geometric fixed‐points spectrum of the real topological cyclic homology of a bounded below ring spectrum, as an equaliser of two maps between tensor products of modules over the norm. We then use this formula to carry out computations in the fundamental examples of spherical group rings, perfect ‐algebras and 2‐torsion‐free rings with perfect modulo 2 reduction. Our calculations agree with the normal L‐theory spectrum in the cases where the latter is known, as conjectured by Nikolaus.
Macrophages derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) serve as a high-fidelity cellular model for investigating HIV-1, dengue, and influenza viruses
Authors: Yang Qing , Barbachano-Guerrero Arturo , Fairchild Laurence M. , Rowland Teisha J. , Dowell Robin D. , Allen Mary A. , Warren Cody J. , Sawyer Sara L. 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Macrophages are important target cells for diverse viruses and thus represent a valuable system for studying virus biology. Isolation of primary human macrophages is done by culture of dissociated tissues or from differentiated blood monocytes, but these methods are both time consuming and result in low numbers of recovered macrophages. Here, we explore whether macrophages derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs)—which proliferate indefinitely and potentially provide unlimited starting material—could serve as a faithful model system for studying virus biology. Human iPSC-derived monocytes were differentiated into macrophages and then infected with HIV-1, dengue virus, or influenza virus as model human viruses. We show that iPSC-derived macrophages support the replication of these viruses with kinetics and phenotypes similar to human blood monocyte-derived macrophages. These iPSC-derived macrophages were virtually indistinguishable from human blood monocyte-derived macrophages based on surface marker expression (flow cytometry), transcriptomics (RNA sequencing), and chromatin accessibility profiling. iPSC lines were additionally generated from non-human primate (chimpanzee) fibroblasts. When challenged with dengue virus, human and chimpanzee iPSC-derived macrophages show differential susceptibility to infection, thus providing a valuable resource for studying the species-tropism of viruses. We also show that blood- and iPSC-derived macrophages both restrict influenza virus at a late stage of the virus lifecycle. Collectively, our results substantiate iPSC-derived macrophages as an alternative to blood monocyte-derived macrophages for the study of virus biology.

IMPORTANCE
Macrophages have complex relationships with viruses: while macrophages aid in the removal of pathogenic viruses from the body, macrophages are also manipulated by some viruses to serve as vessels for viral replication, dissemination, and long-term persistence. Here, we show that iPSC-derived macrophages are an excellent model that can be exploited in virology.
Suicide mortality among individuals in federal prisons compared with the general population: a retrospective cohort study in the USA from 2009 to 2020
Authors: LeMasters Katherine , Ranapurwala Shabbar , Behne Michael Forrest , Duchesneau Emilie , Fliss Mike Dolan , Lao Jennifer , Brinkley-Rubinstein Lauren 
Published: February 2024

IntroductionSuicide is one of the leading causes of death in US prisons. Yet, administrative data lags years behind and reporting rarely accounts for differing age distributions between suicide rates between incarcerated and general populations. Our objective was to compare reported suicides rate among those incarcerated in federal prisons and the general population, accounting for age distributions, before and during the COVID-19 pandemic (2009–2020).MethodsUsing data from the Federal Bureau of Prison, Bureau of Justice Statistics and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention WONDER database and a retrospective cohort study design, we estimated age-standardised mortality rates and standardised mortality ratios comparing observed suicide mortality among those incarcerated in federal prisons to the expected mortality if they experienced the same age-specific suicide rates as the general population. We tested for linear trends over calendar year in each population.ResultsIn federal prisons, 245 deaths were reported as suicides from 2009 to 2020 (5% of federal prison deaths). From 2009 to 2020, the observed suicide rate in prisons increased from 10.57 to 19.01 per 100 000 and the crude suicide rate in the general population increased from 15.41 to 17.26 per 100 000. After age standardisation, the observed suicide rate in prisons was lower than the suicide rate in the general population between 2009 and 2019, but surpassed it in 2020. In 2020, we observed 1.07 (95% CI: 0.74 to 1.57) times the number of suicides than we would expect if the prison population had the same age-stratified risk of suicide as the general population.ConclusionsIncreasing suicide mortality in prisons is a public health crisis. In 2020, the age-standardised suicide rate in prison surpassed that of the general population, despite the incarcerated population being under high surveillance. To improve public health, decarceration community-based mental healthcare are promising solutions. Additionally, there is an urgent need for improved cause of death reporting quality in prisons.