bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
GSG1, a yeast gene required for sporulation
Authors: Kaytor Michael D. , Livingston Dennis M. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractWe have identified a gene, GSG1 (general sporulation gene 1), required for sporulation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Diploids homozygous for a disruption of GSG1 fail to sporulate. The gene has an open reading frame of 2094 bp, encoding a polypeptide with an expected size of 77 kDa. GSG1 is expressed mitotically in both a and α haploids, and both mitotically and meiotically in diploids. The message level of GSG1 increases approximately two‐fold after 4–6 h of sporulation. gsg1 mutants enter pre‐meiotic DNA synthesis later than wild‐type diploids. Mutant diploids are not rescued by spo13. These results suggest that GSG1 has a role late in meiosis following DNA replication. The sequence reported here has the GenBank Accession Number U26674.
A double flow cytometric tag allows tracking of the dynamics of cell cycle progression of newborn Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells during balanced exponential growth
Authors: Porro Danilo , Ranzi Bianca Maria , Smeraldi Carla , Martegani Enzo , Alberghina Lilia 
Published: May 2005

AbstractStudies on the dynamics of growth of single eukaryotic cells and their relationships with cell cycle regulations are generally carried out following cell synchronization procedures or, on a relatively low number of cells, by time‐lapse studies. Establishment of both time‐lapse studies and synchronous cell populations usually requires elaborate experimental efforts and is prone to perturb the physiological state of the cell.In this paper we use a new flow cytometric approach which allows, in asynchronous growing Saccharomyces cerevisiae populations, tagging of both the cell age and the cell protein content of a cohort of daughter cells at the different cell cycle set points. Since the cell protein content is a good estimation of the cell size, it is possible to follow the kinetics of the cell size increase during cell cycle progression. The experimental findings obtained indicate an exponential increase of the cell size during growth, that the daughter and the parent subpopulations grow with the same specific growth rate, that the average cell size increase rate of each individual cell is almost identical to the specific growth rate of the overall population and provide the opportunity to estimate the cell cycle length for the daughter cell population as well as the identification of the complex structure of asynchronously growing yeast populations.
VII. Yeast sequencing reports. The sequence of an 11·1 kb fragment on the left arm of Saccharomyces cerevisiae chromosome VII reveals six open reading frames including NSP49, KEM1 and four putative new genes
Authors: Bertani Iris , Coglievina Maristella , Zaccaria Paolo , Klima Raffaella , Bruschi Carlo V. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractWe report the sequence of an 11·1 kb fragment located on the left arm of chromosome VII of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. By sequence analysis we have detected six open reading frames (ORFs) longer than 300 bp, which cover 87% of the entire sequence. ORF G1645 is 100% identical to the KEM1 gene, also identified as DST2, XRN1, SEP1 and RAR5, while G1648 is 100% identical to the NSP49 or NUP49 gene. ORF G1642 shares some identity with a hypothetical protein of Caenorhabditis elegans, while the other four ORFs show no significant homology to known proteins. The sequence has been submitted to the EMBL data library under Accession Number X84705.
Yeast sequencing reports. Isolation of phosphoribosylpyrophosphate synthetase (PRS1) gene from Candida albicans
Authors: Payne Tracie L. , Calderone Richard A. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractWe have isolated a 3·7 kb EcoR1 fragment from a genomic library of Candida albicans which displayed a 65% level of identity with the PRS gene family (PRS) of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The PRS gene encodes a phosphoribosylpyrophosphate (PRPP) synthetase of S. cerevisiae, which catalyses the synthesis of purines, pyrimidines, and amino acids such as histidine and tryptophan. By Northern analyses, we observed that the entire 3·7 kb EcoR1 fragment as well as a 1·1 kb KpnI‐SacI internal fragment of the 3·7 kb EcoR1 fragment hybridized to the same 1.4 kb transcript. An internal 2·6 kb KpnI fragment was subcloned and sequenced. A deduced sequence of 321 amino acids representing a polypeptide of 35·2 kDa was determined. A FASTA search indicated that the C. albicans PRS (Ca PRS1) had an overall homology at the amino acid level of 91% with the S. cerevisiae PRS3. Putative transcriptional start and termination sequences as well as a cation‐binding, PRPP synthetase signature sequence were identified. Ca PRS1 was localized to chromosome 2 of the C. albicans genome. Low stringency hybridizations indicates that the organism may possess multiple PRS genes. The function of these genes in nitrogen signaling is discussed. The Ca PRS1 sequence submitted to the EMBL data library is available under Accession Number U23934.
Analysis of copper‐induced metallothionein expression using autonomously replicating plasmids in Candida glabrata
Authors: Thorvaldsen Joanne L. , Mehra Rajesh K. , Yu Wei , Sewell Andrew K. , Winge Dennis R. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractCandida glabrata strains and a stable plasmid were developed that were suitable for analysis of copper‐inducible expression from promoters of the three metallothionein (MT) genes. The two homologous MTII genes, MTIIa and MTIIb, encode the same polypeptide but are differentially induced by copper salts. MTIIb is more highly inducible than MTIIa and cells harboring a single MTIIb exhibit a greater resistance to copper salts compared to cells harboring a single MTIIa. The differential copper inducibility was mapped to sequences between − 503 and − 292 upstream of the MT coding sequences. Expression of MTI is highly Cu‐regulated, but this MT gene confers much less resistance than MTII genes.
XV. Yeast sequencing reports. Nucleotide sequence of the GDS1 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Konopinska Agata , Szczesniak Barbara , Boguta Magdalena 
Published: May 2005

AbstractWe have cloned and sequenced the GDS1 gene located on the right arm of chromosome XV of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The gene codes for a 522 amino acid serine‐rich protein with no obvious homology to proteins in the database. GDS1 gene was isolated as the multicopy suppressor of the glycerol‐deficient phenotype caused by the nam9‐1 mutation in the yeast nuclear gene encoding the mitochondrial ribosomal protein homologous to S4 proteins from various organisms. Disruption‐deletion of the GDS1 open reading frame leads to a partial impairment of growth on medium containing glycerol as the carbon source, indicating mitochondrial function of the gene product. The sequence has been deposited in the GenBank data library under Accession Number U18262.
VII. Yeast sequencing reports. The sequence of an 11·1 kb DNA fragment between ADH4 and ADE5 on the left arm of chromosome VII reveals the presence of eight open reading frames
Authors: Vandenbol Micheline , Durand Patrick , Portetelle Daniel , Hilger Francois 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe complete sequence of a 11,132 bp segment located on the left arm of chromosome VII of Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been determined and analysed. Eight open reading frames (ORFs) of at least 100 amino acids were identified. Five show similarities to known amino acid sequences. Another ORF encoding the chromosome segregation protein CSE1 is not entirely located in our sequenced fragment and is incomplete at its C‐terminus. The two remaining ORFs do not display similarities to known sequences. The sequence has been deposited in the EMBL Data Library under Accession Number Z49149.
Nutritional study of the Islanders on Tristan da Cunha, 1966
Authors: Margaret Chambers A. , Lewiss H. E. 
Published: May 2005

1. Individual energy intakes and expenditures of seven Tristan men aged between 16 and 57 years, and ten Tristan women aged between 15 and 61 years, were measured daily for 7 consecutive days between May and October 1966.2. Details of the subjects' main activities together with the energy cost of these activities are given.3. The mean daily calorie intakes were 2650 kcal for men and 1830 kcal for women; the mean expenditures were 2860 and 2060 kcal per day respectively. Separate values are given for two individuals, a brother and sister, who gave results bearing no resemblance to those of the rest of the subjects.4. Protein, fat, carbohydrate and alcohol accounted for 12.7, 29.6, 53.7 and 40 % respectively of the men's total calorie intake and 11.9, 27.2, 61.0% and 0% of the women's total calorie intake. The fat content of the diet was low when compared with that of the Islanders' diet while in England, though total calorie intake was greater (Taylor, Hollingsworth & Chambers, 1966). More than half the total calorie intake was provided by processed foodstuffs, but island produce provided a large proportion of the protein in the diet.5. It is deduced that mean energy requirements of about 2750 kcal per day for men and 1950 kcal per day for women are adequate for the Tristan population and that there are sufficient food supplies available to meet this requirement.
Carbohydrate utilization in the pre-ruminant calf
Authors: Siddons R. C. , Smith R. H. , Henschel M. J. , Hill W. B. , Porter J. W. G. 
Published: May 2005

1. Changes in blood sugar levels after giving carbohydrates have been used to assess carbohydrate utilization in pre-ruminant calves aged between 10 and 50 days.2. Glucose, galactose and lactose were readily utilized by all calves; the utilization of glucose and galactose increased with age, whereas that of lactose remained constant.3. Maltose and fructose utilization was low in young calves and increased slightly with age.4. Sucrose and starch were not utilized.5. Studies with three older pre-ruminant calves (aged 53, 88 and 106 days) in which the carbohydrates were infused into the proximal duodenum showed that glucose, galactose, lactose and xylose all caused marked increases in the level of blood reducing sugar, whereas fructose and sucrose caused no increase, and maltose was intermediate. Xylose and galactose caused very little change in the blood glucose concentration.6. It appeared that preferential uptake occurred of glucose from a glucose-galactose mixture.7. A non-linear relationship was found between the concentration of glucose or galactose infused and the increase in the level of blood reducing sugar.
The experimental production of zinc deficiency in the rat
Authors: Williams R. B. , Mills C. F. 
Published: May 2005

1. Techniques for the preparation of a semi-synthetic basal diet suitable for the rapid production of zinc deficiency in the rat are described. The complete diet usually contains between 0.6 and 0.9 ppm Zn.2. When the unsupplemented diet was fed to weanling rats, growth arrest occurred after 4–5 d; when supplemented with ZnSO4 to provide 12 or 20 ppm Zn, the rate of growth of rats was similar to that attained in animals given a conventional stock colony diet providing 83 ppm Zn. A study of relationships between dietary Zn concentration and weight gain in 21 d suggested that the Zn requirement of male and female rats for growth on this diet is approximately 12 ppm.3. The development of Zn deficiency on diets providing < 1 or 3 ppm Zn was accompanied by poor food consumption and the development of a characteristic cyclic pattern of intake. A significant decline in the variability of daily food intake was observed when the diet was supplemented with Zn to provide 6, 9 or 12 ppm.4. Studies of the influence of dietary Zn content upon changes in the Zn content of a range of tissues and upon whole-body Zn retention are reported.5. The above findings are discussed in relation to the problem of defining the severity and duration of Zn deficiency in animals used for studies on the nature of the metabolic role of Zn.
The true absorption of cyst(e)ine from the ovine small intestine
Authors: Elliott R. , Little D. A. 
Published: May 2005

1. Na234SO4 was infused into the rumen of a sheep fed a dried grass diet.2. The digesta at the pylorus which contained 35S-labelled cyst(e)ine synthesized by the rumen microflora was collected and mixed with chromium EDTA. This material was infused into the duodenum of 35S free sheep.3. Ileal digesta was subsequently collected and analysed for cyst(e)ine 35S and Cr.4. The proportion of the labelled cyst(e)ine truly absorbed from the small intestine was 0.72±0.004.
Gene Expression and Microscopic Analysis of Arabidopsis Exposed to Chloroacetanilide Herbicides and Explosive Compounds. A Phytoremediation Approach
Authors: Mezzari Melissa P. , Walters Katherine , Jelínkova Marcela , Shih Ming-Che , Just Craig L. , Schnoor Jerald L. 
Published: May 2005

Abstract
Understanding the function of detoxifying enzymes in plants toward xenobiotics is of major importance for phytoremediation applications. In this work, Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana; ecotype Columbia) seedlings were exposed to 0.6 mm acetochlor (AOC), 2 mm metolachlor (MOC), 0.6 mm 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), and 0.3 mm hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX). In vivo glutathione (GSH) conjugation reactions of AOC, MOC, RDX, and TNT were studied in root cells using a multiphoton microscope. In situ labeling with monochlorobimane, used as a competitive compound for conjugation reactions with GSH, confirmed that AOC and MOC are conjugated in Arabidopsis cells. Reverse transcription-PCR established the expression profile of glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) and nitroreductases enzymes. Genes selected for this study were AtGSTF2, AtGSTU1, AtGSTU24, and two isoforms of 12-oxophytodienoate reductase (OPR1 and OPR2). The five transcripts tested were induced by all treatments, but RDX resulted in low induction. The mRNA level of AtGSTU24 showed substantial increase for all chemicals (23-fold induction for AOC, 18-fold for MOC, 5-fold for RDX, and 40-fold for TNT). It appears that GSTs are also involved in the conjugation reactions with metabolites of TNT, and to a lesser extent with RDX. Results indicate that OPR2 is involved in plant metabolism of TNT (11-fold induction), and in oxidative stress when exposed to AOC (7-fold), MOC (9-fold), and RDX (2-fold). This study comprises gene expression analysis of Arabidopsis exposed to RDX and AOC, which are considered significant environmental contaminants, and demonstrates the importance of microscopy methods for phytoremediation investigations.
Loss-of-Function Mutations in Chitin Responsive Genes Show Increased Susceptibility to the Powdery Mildew Pathogen Erysiphe cichoracearum
Authors: Ramonell Katrina , Berrocal-Lobo Marta , Koh Serry , Wan Jinrong , Edwards Herb , Stacey Gary , Somerville Shauna 
Published: May 2005

Abstract
Chitin is a major component of fungal walls and insect exoskeletons. Plants produce chitinases upon pathogen attack and chito-oligomers induce defense responses in plants, though the exact mechanism behind this response is unknown. Using the ATH1 Affymetrix microarrays consisting of about 23,000 genes, we examined the response of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) seedlings to chito-octamers and hydrolyzed chitin after 30 min of treatment. The expression patterns elicited by the chito-octamer and hydrolyzed chitin were similar. Microarray expression profiles for several genes were verified via northern analysis or quantitative reverse transcription-PCR. We characterized T-DNA insertion mutants for nine chito-oligomer responsive genes. Three of the mutants were more susceptible to the fungal pathogen, powdery mildew, than wild type as measured by conidiophore production. These three mutants included mutants of genes for two disease resistance-like proteins and a putative E3 ligase. The isolation of loss-of-function mutants with enhanced disease susceptibility provides direct evidence that the chito-octamer is an important oligosaccharide elicitor of plant defenses. Also, this study demonstrates the value of microarray data for identifying new components of uncharacterized signaling pathways.
Brain Signatures of Meaning Access in Action Word Recognition
Authors: Pulvermüller Friedemann , Shtyrov Yury , Ilmoniemi Risto 
Published: May 2005

Abstract
The brain basis of action words may be neuron ensembles binding language-and action-related information that are dispersed over both language-and action-related cortical areas. This predicts fast spreading of neuronal activity from language areas to specific sensorimotor areas when action words semantically related to different parts of the body are being perceived. To test this, fast neurophysiological imaging was applied to reveal spatiotemporal activity patterns elicited by words with different action-related meaning. Spoken words referring to actions involving the face or leg were presented while subjects engaged in a distraction task and their brain activity was recorded using high-density magnetoencephalography. Shortly after the words could be recognized as unique lexical items, objective source localization using minimum norm current estimates revealed activation in superior temporal (130 msec) and inferior frontocentral areas (142-146 msec). Face-word stimuli activated inferior frontocentral areas more strongly than leg words, whereas the reverse was found at superior central sites (170 msec), thus reflecting the cortical somatotopy of motor actions signified by the words. Significant correlations were found between local source strengths in the frontocentral cortex calculated for all participants and their semantic ratings of the stimulus words, thus further establishing a close relationship between word meaning access and neurophysiology. These results show that meaning access in action word recognition is an early automatic process reflected by spatiotemporal signatures of word-evoked activity. Word-related distributed neuronal assemblies with specific cortical topographies can explain the observed spatiotemporal dynamics reflecting word meaning access.
Tobit's Religious Universe Between Kinship Loyalty and the Law of Moses
Authors: Faßbeck Gabriele 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe book of Tobit is among those Hellenistic period writings that convey a strong ideal of Jewish family life and family-centered religious practice. Tobit highly values family loyalty as a guideline for religious behavior, but establishes the Mosaic Law as the ultimate authority overruling requirements of family allegiance. In a world surrounded and threatened by Gentiles, the paterfamilias is responsible for redirecting the family's religious priorities to accord with the Law. Tobit displays close parallels with Jubilees in its use of the patriarchal stories to launch its pious message, which may help to situate the former within ancient Judaism.
Hypervariable region 1 variant acting as TCR antagonist affects hepatitis C virus-specific CD4+ T cell repertoire by favoring CD95-mediated apoptosis
Authors: Scottà Cristiano , Tuosto Loretta , Masci Anna Maria , Racioppi Luigi , Piccolella Enza , Frasca Loredana 
Published: May 2005

AbstractWe have described previously that hypervariable region 1 (HVR1) variants of hepatitis C virus (HCV) frequently act as T cell receptor (TCR) antagonists for HVR1-specific helper T cells. These naturally occurring HVR1-antagonistic sequences interfered with the effects of HVR1-agonistic sequences such as TCR down-regulation and early activatory signals. By taking advantage of these findings, in this paper, we have analyzed the fate of these HVR1-specific antagonized CD4+ T cells. We present the evidence that TCR antagonism renders agonist-activated T cells susceptible to bystander CD95-mediated killing by suppressing the expression of cellular Fas-associated death domain-like interleukin-1β-converting enzyme-like inhibitor proteins. To verify whether the TCR repertoire of a HVR1-specific T cell population could be modified consequently, we used a HVR1-agonistic sequence to induce in vitro CD4+ T cells and another HVR1 sequence with antagonistic property to mediate suppressive phenomena. HVR1-specific T cells were cultured with the agonist alone or with the agonist plus the antagonist. HVR1 specificity and T cell repertoires were followed over time by analyzing TCR β-variable gene segment by “spectratyping”. The results showed that the specificity for the agonist was rapidly spoiled after culture in the presence of the antagonist, and the TCR repertoire was strongly modified as a result of CD95-mediated apoptosis of agonist-specific clonal expansions. These data support the hypothesis that in HCV infection, the generation of TCR antagonists may reshape the T cell repertoire, representing an efficacious immune evasion strategy of a highly mutant pathogen.
Untersuchungen zum thermischen Abbau von Cellulose unter homogenen Reaktionsbedingungen
Authors: Lukanoff B. , Philipp B. , Schleicher H. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractUntersuchungen zum homogenen thermischen Abbau unsubstituierter Cellulose wurden in Schmelzlösungen von Ca(SCN)2 · 3H2O, NaSCN/KSCN/DMSO und N‐Methylmorpholin‐N‐oxid (MMNO) im Temperaturbereich zwischen 80 und 170°C durchgeführt und mit Ergebnissen zum heterogenen thermischen Abbau im Faserverband verglichen. Unter Homogenbedingungen erfolgt die Kettenspaltung um etwa eine Größenordnung rascher als im Faserverband unter sonst vergleichbaren Bedingungen. In MMNO liegt offensichtlich ein komplexer Abbaumechanismus unter Beteiligung des Lösemediums bzw. seiner Zersetzungsprodukte vor.
Die Rolle von Diels‐Alder‐Reaktionen bei einigen radikalischen Polymerisationen
Authors: Sandner B. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractDie Diels‐Alder‐Adduktbildung von Dien‐und Dienophilmonomer kann drei Elementarreaktionen der radikalischen Polymerisation bzw. Copolymerisation beeinflussen: Initiierungs‐, Wachstums‐und Kettenübertragungsreaktion. Der Monomerverbrauch durch Diels‐Alder‐Adduktbildung während der Polymerisation vermindert die Polymerausbeute. Die Diels‐Alder‐Addukte einiger aromatischer Diene reagieren mit einem dritten Monomermolekül unter Bildung polymerisationsauslösender Radikale und wirken gleichzeitig als starke kettenüberträger. Elektronendonator‐Acceptor‐Komplexe aus Dien und Dienophil sind als Zwischenstufe der Diels‐Alder‐Reaktion und der alternierenden Copolymerisation entsprechender Monomere von Bedeutung.
Untersuchungen zum Schmelzverhalten von copolyestern des Polytetramethylenterephthalats
Authors: Schaaf E. , Zimmermann H. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractAn einer Reihe statistischer Copolyester des Polytetramethylenterephthalats mit Sebacinsäure, Adipinsäure und Isophthalsäure konnte gezeigt werden, daß die Gleichung \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$\frac{1}{{T_m}} - \frac{1}{{T_m^0}} = \frac{R}{{\Delta H}}\left({\ln x_A - \left({1 - x_a} \right)} \right)$\end{document} eine gute Beschreibung der Beziehungen zwischen der Gleichgewichtsschmelztemperatur (Tm) und dem molaren Anteil der kristallisationsfähigen Komponente (xA) erlaubt. Das extrapolierte Ende der DTA‐Schmelzpeaks entspricht der Gleichgewichtsschmelztemperatur, die nach der Methode von Hoffman und Weeks bestimmt wurde, mit Abweichungen von 1 bis 2 K.
Bioactive polymers. XII. Immobilization of β‐amylase on cellulose acetate membranes grafted with acrylic acid
Authors: Simionescu C. I. , Brǎnişteanu S. , Dumitriu S. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractCellulose acetate‐g‐acrylic acid was prepared on which β‐amylase was immobilized by activation with dicyclohexylcarbodiimide. The amount of bound β‐amylase depends on the pH of the medium, reaction time and enzyme concentration. The Michaelis constant, determined for the starch substrate (pH = 6.5) is of 38.4 mmol which proves the decisive influence of the diffusion processes.
Synthesis and investigation of different‐unit structure m‐carborane‐containing polyamides
Authors: Korshak V. V. , Bekasova N. I. , Komarova L. G. , Surikova M. A. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe causes of the formation of chemically heterogeneous chains in different polyamides containing m‐carboranes were investigated and the effect of the heterogeneity on some properties of the polymers is examined.