bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of midazolam preanesthetic administration on thiamylal induction requirement in dogs
Authors: Tranquilli Wm. J. , Graning L. M. , Thurmon J. C. , Benson G. J. , Mourn S. G. , Lentz E. L. 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
The thiamylal sparing effect of midazolam was studied in 30 healthy Beagle and mixed-breed dogs. Using a replicated Latin square design, all dogs were given placebo (saline solution) and 0.025, 0.05, 0.1, and 0.2 mg of midazolam/ kg of body weight prior to iv administration of thiamylal sodium. The 0.1 and 0.2 mg/kg dosages significantly decreased the amount of thiamylal required to obtund swallowing reflex and easily achieve endotracheal intubation. Midazolam at 0.1 and 0.2 mg/kg reduced thiamylal requirement by 16.4% and 18.9%, respectively, whereas the 0.05 mg/kg dosage decreased thiamylal requirement by only 6.8%. The 0.2 mg/kg dosage did not further decrease thiamylal requirement beyond that achieved with the 0.1 mg/kg dosage of midazolam. This study demonstrates that the preanesthetic iv administration of midazolam reduces the thiamylal dose necessary to accomplish intubation. The optimal preanesthetic dosage (lowest dosage with significant effect) was 0.1 mg/kg.
Effects of sodium hyaluronate on tendon healing and adhesion formation in horses
Authors: Gaughan Earl M. , Nixon Alan J. , Krook Lennart P. , Yeager Amy E. , Mann Kenneth A. , Mohammed Hussni , Bartel Donald L. 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
Sodium hyaluronate reduces adhesions after tendon repair in rodents and dogs, and has been used in limited clinical trials in people. To evaluate its effect on tendon healing and adhesion formation in horses and to compare these effects with those of a compound of similar viscoelastic properties, a study was performed in horses, using a model of collagenase injection in the flexor tendons within the digital sheath.
Eight clinically normal horses were randomly allotted to 2 groups. Adhesion formation between the deep digital flexor tendon and the tendon sheath at the pastern region was induced in the forelimbs of all horses. Using tenoscopic control, a 20-gauge needle was inserted into the deep digital flexor tendon of horses under general anesthesia and 0.2 ml of collagenase (2.5 mg/ml) was injected. The procedure was repeated proximally at 2 other sites, spaced 1.5 cm apart. A biopsy forceps was introduced, and a 5-mm tendon defect was created at each injection site. Group-A horses had 120 mg of sodium hyaluronate (NaHA) gel injected into the tendon sheath of one limb. Group-B horses had methylcellulose gel injected at the same sites. The contralateral limbs of horses in both groups served as surgical, but noninjected, controls. Horses were euthanatized after 8 weeks of stall rest.
Ultrasonographic evaluation revealed improved tendon healing after NaHa injection, but no difference in peritendinous adhesion formation. Tendon sheath fluid volume and hyaluronic acid (ha) content were greater in NaHA-treated limbs. Gross pathologic examination revealed considerably fewer and smaller adhesions when limbs were treated with NaHA. However, significant difference in pull-out strengths was not evident between NaHA-treated and control limbs. Histologically, the deep digital flexor tendon from the NaHA-treated limbs had reduced inflammatory cell infiltration, improved tendon structure, and less intratendinous hemorrhage. Treatmerit with methylcullulose had no significant effect on tendon healing, adhesion size, quantity, or strength or on the volume and composition of the tendon sheath fluid. Sodium hyaluronate, administered intrathecally, appears to have a pharmaceutically beneficial action in this collagenase-induced tendinitis and adhesion model in horses.
Effect of left hepatic vein ligation on hepatic circulation, function, and microanatomy in dogs
Authors: Payne John T. , Martin Robert A. , Moon Martha L. , Saunders Geoffrey K. , Donaldson Lydia , Richey Megan , Clutton Richard E. , Shires Peter K. 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
Eighteen healthy dogs were allotted to 3 groups (n = 6 dogs each). All dogs were evaluated at the beginning of the study by complete physical examination; total and differential WBC counts; serum biochemical analysis (alanine transaminase and alkaline phosphatase activities and bilirubin and albumin concentrations); sulfobromophthalein excretion, ammonia tolerance, and glucagon response testing; portal and intraparenchymal pressure determinations; operative mesenteric portography; and histologic assessment of hepatic biopsy specimens.
The left hepatic vein was ligated completely in dogs of groups 1 and 2. Group-3 (control) dogs had a ligature placed loosely around the left hepatic vein. Dogs of groups 1 and 3 were reevaluated 24 hours after surgery by use of the aforementioned hematologic and biochemical tests. Group-1 dogs were reevaluated by use of portal and intraparenchymal pressure determinations, jejunal vein portography, and complete necropsy at 48 hours after surgery. At 4 weeks after surgery, dogs of groups 2 and 3 were reevaluated by use of all aforementioned tests.
Results indicated transient hepatic congestion, which resolved by the fourth postoperative week. Longstanding effect on hepatic structure, circulation, or function was not found. We concluded that left hepatic vein ligation in clinically normal dogs does not cause severe or permanent liver damage.
Association between solar radiation and ocular squamous cell carcinoma in cattle
Authors: Anderson David E. , Badzioch Michael 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
The association between ocular squamous cell tumors and various measures of solar radiation was evaluated for 2,775 contemporaneous Hereford cattle. The animals were from 34 herds located in 21 states in the United States and in one Canadian province. Examinations and photographs were made of the eyes of all cows and heifers in a herd; 33 herds were examined between June and August 1957 and 1 herd was examined in 1958. Solar radiation was measured by altitude and mean annual hours of sunshine applying to an individual herd, and global radiation, a cloudiness index, and elevation of nearby National Weather Service stations. All measures of solar radiation provided evidence of a significant association between increasing risks of developing cancer eye and increasing levels of radiation; adjustments were made for possible confounding effects of age and corneoscleral pigmentation. Associations were evident whether affliction was defined as the occurrence of any type of tumor (ie, plaque, papilloma, or carcinoma), or as the occurrence of only papilloma or carcinoma. Average ages of affected cattle also tended to be lower at high radiation levels than at low levels, further supporting the hypothesis that solar radiation has an important role in the development of this disease. In view of the heritability of eye pigmentation and its inhibitory effect on lesions, cancer eye may be controlled by selective breeding for increased pigmentation in and around the eye to afford protection against the harmful effects of incident uv radiation.
Evaluation of Campylobacter jejuni colonization of the domestic ferret intestine as a model of proliferative colitis
Authors: Bell Judith A. , Manning Dean D. 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
Forty 3- to 17-week old domestic ferrets, including 2 gnotobiotes, were inoculated orally and/or rectally with 106 to 109 colony-forming units of 1 or more of 4 strains of Campylobacter jejuni, 3 of mink and 1 of human origin. Feeding or gavage of any of the 4 strains, in milk or broth, with or without preinoculation sodium bicarbonate treatment to neutralize stomach acid, induced colonization in 38/40 ferrets; diarrhea lasted 2 to 4 days in conventional kits, 6 days in gnotobiotes. Bacteremia was detected in 4 of 18 tested, 2 to 5 days after inoculation. Two strains caused no more severe disease or prolonged colonization after 3 serial iv passages in kits than they did before passage. Multiple inoculations with a given strain resulted in progressively briefer colonization and milder disease, but subsequent inoculation with a different strain induced colonization and gastrointestinal disease similar to a primary infection. Five kits inoculated rectally after 4 previous homologous inoculations were resistant to colonization as well as to disease. Agglutinin titers of ferrets inoculated orally or rectally once were low or undetectable, but increased in response to repeated inoculation. Pretreatment with a 1% formalin enema caused mild colon irritation without clinical or histologic evidence of proliferative colitis in ferrets concurrently inoculated orally and/or rectally, whether or not they had preexisting antibodies to any strain of C jejuni. Histologic examination of tissues revealed leukocytic infiltration of intestinal lamina propria in 29 of 35 infected kits and 5 of 8 noninfected controls, and cryptosporidiosis in 5 infected kits plus 1 control. Examination of silver-stained sections of intestine from 15 infected ferrets revealed Campylobacter like organisms on the surface of, but never inside, epithelial cells. The lack of characteristic gross or histologic lesions suggested that C jejuni is not, by itself, responsible for proliferative colitis in ferrets.
Epidemiologic factors and isotype-specific antibody responses in serum and mucosal secretions of dairy calves with bovine coronavirus respiratory tract and enteric tract infections
Authors: Heckert Robert A. , Saif Linda J. , Myers Greg W. , Agnes Arden G. 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
Blood, feces, and nasal swabs specimens were collected 12 to 24 hours after birth and then 3 times/week (blood only once per week) from one group of 10 calves until they were 10 weeks old and from a second group of 10 calves until they were 10 to 20 weeks old. Colostrum was collected from all calves’ dams and tears from 5 randomly selected calves in the first group. All fecal and nasal specimens were assayed for bovine coronavirus (bcv) antigens by elisa. Nasal epithelial cells were examined for bcv antigens by direct immunofluorescence. Isotype antibody titers to bcv in all samples from 5 calves in group 1 were evaluated by elisa. Zinc sulfate turbidity (zst) values were determined on the first serum samples taken from all calves in group 1. To determine whether any correlation existed between zst values, isotype antibody titers to bcv (12 to 24 hours after birth), number of respiratory sick days, number of enteric sick days, or days to first shedding of virus, a Spearman rank order correlation coefficient was done.
Bovine coronavirus respiratory tract and enteric tract infections were common on this farm. Most initial infections developed when calves were 1 to 3 weeks old; however, there were also multiple incidences of shedding of viral antigens or seroconversions at later times during the study. Persistence of infection or reinfection of the upper respiratory tract with bcv was common.
Colostral antibody titers to bcv (IgG1) were in all cows at moderate amounts; however, calf serum antibody titers and zst values (12 to 24 hours after birth) were highly variable. Significant correlations were found between zst values and bcv IgG1, IgG2, and IgA serum antibody titers (12 to 24 hours after birth); and number of respiratory sick days and zst values, IgG1, IgG2, and IgA serum antibody titers (12 to 24 hours after birth). All calves in group 1 had serum antibody IgM titer increases to bcv when they were 1 to 2 weeks old and many had subsequent IgA, IgG2, and IgG1 serum antibody titer increases in the first 4 weeks. Six calves had a second serum antibody titer increase with IgM or IgA isotypes when they were 5 to 9 weeks old. In the second group, IgM, IgA, and IgG serum antibody titers were increased > fourfold in 6 of 9, 8 of 9, and 5 of 9 calves, respectively. Most calves had passive IgG1 bcv antibodies in their nasal secretions or tears when they were 1 week old and all calves had at least one transient increase in active IgM antibody titers followed by a sharp and persistent increase in IgA titers. All calves had bcv antibodies (IgG1, IgA, or IgM) in their feces when they were 1 week old and at least one transient increase in fecal IgM (4 of 5 calves) or IgA (3 of 5 calves) antibody titers in the 9-week period.
Comparison of four methods of estimating glomerular filtration rate in cats
Authors: Rogers Kenita S. , Komkov Andrea , Brown Scott Anthony , Lees George E. , Hightower Dan , Russo Elizabeth A. 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
Four methods of evaluating renal function were performed in 6 cats anesthetized with halothane in oxygen. Glomerular filtration rate (gfr) was measured simultaneously in each cat by exogenous creatinine clearance (ecc), bolus inulin clearance, and 99mTc(Sn)-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (dtpa) clearance determined by 2 different methods. In the first dtpa clearance method (dtpa-1), we measured radioactivity in serial blood specimens to construct plasma disappearance curves for calculation of gfr. In the second dtpa clearance method (dtpa-2), we used serial external head counts of radioactivity and a single blood specimen to construct plasma disappearance curves for calculation of gfr. Bolus inulin clearance was calculated from plasma disappearance curves using a 1-compartment open pharmacokinetic model (IN- 1) and a 2-compartment open pharmacokinetic model (IN- 2). Glomerular filtration rates were measured over 3 hours, for creatinine and dtpa methods, and over 4 hours for the inulin methods.
The gfr obtained with the reference method (ecc) was 2.56 ± 0.61 ml/min/kg of body weight (mean ± SD). Values for gfr determined by ecc and dtpa-1 were significantly correlated (r = 0.852; P ≤ 0.05). Correlation between ecc and dtpa 2 was not as good (r = 0.783; P ≤ 0.10), but the 2 dtpa methods significantly correlated with one another (r = 0.897; P ≤ 0.05). Regardless of the method of calculation, bolus inulin clearance was poorly correlated with ecc (IN-1: r = 0.538, P ≥ 0.10; in-2: r = 0.430, P ≥ 0.10) and dtpa-1 in-1: r = 0.601, P ≥ 0.10; in-2: r = 0.625, P ≥ 0.10). The 2 methods of calculating inulin clearance were highly correlated (r = 0.927; P ≤ 0.01). The dtpa clearance calculated from directly measured plasma disappearance curves (dtpa-1) compared favorably with ecc as an estimate of gfr and appears to be a safe, reliable, and less invasive method of determining gfr in cats.
Use of two enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays to monitor antibody responses in swine with experimentally induced infection with porcine epidemic diarrhea virus
Authors: van Nieuwstadt A. P. , Zetstra T. 
Published: January 2024

Summary
A blocking elisa was developed to detect antibodies directed against porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv). The pedv antigen was first incubated with dilutions of test sera. Any antigen that was not blocked by antibodies in the serum was assayed in a double-antibody sandwich elisa, using 2 monoclonal antibodies directed against different antigenic sites on pedv as capture and detecting antibodies, respectively. The blocking elisa was compared with a fixed-cell elisa that used monolayers of Vero cells infected with pedv prototype strain CV777 as a solid phase and a conjugate of an IgG-specific monoclonal antibody for antibody detection. Pigs were inoculated with pedv strain CV777 or 1 of 2 field isolates, and antibody responses were measured by use of the 2 tests. Antibodies were detected by the blocking elisa as early as postinoculation day 7 and, by the fixed-cell elisa, as early as postinoculation day 14. From day 14 on, antibody titers for both tests correlated highly. Titers for the fixed-cell elisa were 5.4 times higher than those for the blocking elisa. The latter technique is easier to perform and discriminates well between infected and noninfected pigs, which makes this test useful for routine diagnosis and serologic surveys of porcine epidemic diarrhea.
N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase as a predictor of milk loss and recovery after clinical mastitis
Authors: Wilson David J. , Bartlett Paul C. , Kirk J. H. , Mellenberger R. W. , Mather E. C. 
Published: January 2024

Summary
Milk samples were collected at onset of 508 episodes of clinical mastitis on a 1,700-cow dairy farm in Michigan. Daily milk production and disease events were recorded for all cows in the herd. Despite statistical association with severity of mastitis, this association was too weak for Nacetyl-(β-d-glucosamimdase (NAGase) activity to be of great value as a prognostic test for clinical mastitis. High milk NAGase activity was significantly (P < 0.0001) associated with: increased duration of treatment; increased duration of clinical signs of mastitis; decreased daily milk production; and increased risk of the cow being culled because of mastitis. The NAGase value was combined with days in milk production, baseline milk production before mastitis onset, parity, and season of onset to predict the outcome of clinical cases as measured by the first 3 aforementioned variables. Statistical models explained little of the variability among cows in duration of treatment (R2 = 0.11), duration of clinical signs of infection (R2 = 0.11), and milk production change (R2 = 0.09).
Effects of a proprietary topical medication on wound healing and collagen deposition in horses
Authors: Madison John B. , Hamir Amirali N. , Ehrlich H. Paul , Habennan Jules , Topkis Virginia , Villasin Jose V. 
Published: January 2024

Summary
Full-thickness skin wounds were created on the dorsum of both metacarpi in 8 horses. Three topical treatment regimens were studied. All wounds were bandaged with a nonadherent dressing, which was held in place with a snug elastic wrap. Group-A wounds were treated with a proprietary topical wound medication that consisted of a spray and an ointment. Group-B wounds were treated with the same regimen, except the putative active ingredients in the ointment were omitted. Group-C wounds were treated with a dry nonadherent bandage only. Wound dressings were changed every day and the limbs were photographed every other day until the wounds were healed. Specimens of normal skin and biopsy specimens of healed wounds were examined histologically and were assayed for hydroxyproline content. Wound healing measurements quantitated for each wound were number of days to healing, maximal wound size attained, day wound contraction commenced, day epithelium first noticed, rate of wound contraction, final wound size, and fraction of the wound that healed by contraction. The cosmetic appearance of the healed wounds was also graded.
Significant differences were not noticed in hydroxyproline content, histologic appearance, or any of the wound healing measurements between treatment groups. The cosmetic appearance of healed group-A and -B wounds was significantly better than the appearance of group-C wounds. The topical treatment regimens studied neither enhanced nor inhibited wound healing in this study.
Culture and morphologic features of small intestinal mucosal explants from weaned pigs
Authors: Nietfeld Jerome C. , Tyler David E. , Harrison Lenn R. , Cole John R. , Latimer Kenneth S. , Crowell Wayne A. 
Published: January 2024

Summary
Small intestinal explants from weaned pigs were cultured under a variety of conditions. Explants maintained villus-to-crypt ratio between 1:1 and 1.5:1 for 48 hours. The mucosal epithelium remained well preserved and retained good cellular morphologic features, as determined by light and electron microscopy. Between 48 and 72 hours, considerable mucosal degeneration was evident. Best results were obtained when the explants were cultured on a rocking platform placed in an atmosphere of 95% O2 and 5% CO2, using supplemented rpmi 1640 cell culture medium.
Detection of bovine viral diarrhea virus, using degenerate oligonucleotide primers and the polymerase chain reaction
Authors: Ward Pearse , Misra Vikram 
Published: January 2024

Summary
A technique for detection of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) from circulating blood leukocytes, using the polymerase chain reaction, is described. The published nucleotide sequences of 2 strains of bvdv and that of hog cholera virus were aligned and the information was used to design oligonucleotides coding for 2 regions of amino acid homology. The oligonucleotides were a mixed population including all possible codons for the conserved amino acids. These degenerate oligonucleotides were used in the polymerase chain reaction to detect viral rna in cells infected in vitro, or in circulating blood leukocytes from infected animals. Virus was detected in over 60 samples from diverse isolates. The detection of bvdv by the polymerase chain reaction is a rapid, sensitive, and specific technique, which represents an improvement over existing technology.
Effects of mechanical and pharmacologic manipulations on portal pressure, central venous pressure, and heart rate in dogs
Authors: Swalec Karen M. , Smeak Daniel D. , Brown John 
Published: January 2024

Summary
Central venous pressure (cvp), portal pressure (pp), and heart rate (hr) were monitored in 6 female, sexually intact, middle-age Beagles during temporary portal vein obstruction, anesthetic recovery, abdominal bandaging, and propranolol administration. Intraoperative baseline pp was 7.3 mm of Hg (±1.7 SD). Portal pressure was significantly increased throughout portal vein occlusion, but returned to baseline values 2 minutes after release of the ligature. Central venous pressure was significantly decreased throughout portal vein occlusion, but did not differ significantly from baseline values 3 minutes after release of the portal vein ligature. Portal pressure increased significantly (8 ± 3.3 mm of Hg) over baseline values after application of an abdominal bandage; however, cvp did not change significantly. During postoperative monitoring, cvp and pp did not change significantly from respective 18-hour mean postoperative values in resting dogs. At 60 and 75 minutes after surgery, heart rate was significantly increased over the 18-hour mean. Portal pressure and cvp, respectively, were significantly increased over intraoperative baseline values in the first hour and the first 8 hours after surgery. Postoperative cvp and hr were significantly correlated. Individual measurements of pp in dogs that were abdominal pressing during barking or defecation were significantly increased (9 ± 3 mm of Hg) above measurements taken after cessation of abdominal press. Portal pressure measurements in standing dogs decreased 7.5 ± 2 mm of Hg, compared with measurements of the same dog in lateral recumbency. Central venous pressure was inaccurate in dogs performing abdominal press. Portal pressure did not decrease significantly from baseline after injection of propranolol (2 mg/kg, iv). Central venous pressure was significantly decreased at 2.5 and 3.0 hours after propranolol injection, and hr was significantly decreased from 1 to 3.5 hours after injection. Heart rate quickly returned to normal values if the dogs became excited. After propranolol administration, significant correlations were found between pp and hr, and between cvp and hr.