bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“As Corny as Kansas in August, As Restless as a Willow in a Windstorm”
Authors: Block Geoffrey 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Gerald Mast offers a rich critical survey that focuses on Rodgers and Hammerstein’s popular quintet (Oklahoma!, Carousel, South Pacific, The King and /, and The Sound of Music) and their film adaptations. He displaces Sondheim with Hammerstein as the primogenitor of the “concept” musical (“Hammerstein was the first American to devise a concept for a musical and to write every show within it”), while at the same time challenging the widely accepted notion that Rodgers and Hammerstein’s shows are totally integrated (“their shows do not integrate music and dramatic action so much as music and character”). He also shows through example how R&H tie up “a complicated plot” in short second acts “with very little musical twine” and how they modify the standard thirty-two bar song forms and remove “the essential distinction between verse and refrain” in their songs. Throughout his survey Mast addresses the larger cultural contexts and argues that R&H contained “musical debates on the pressing legal and social issues facing the American public and American public policy:’ Mast is tough on the first four R&H films, Oklahoma! in 1955, Carousel and The King and I in 1956, and South Pacific in 1958, displaying particular antipathy toward Carousel, “the worst of the lot:’ For Mast, “these four Rodgers and Hammerstein films reject the entire history of the filmusical, especially the powerful relationship of space to music:’ On the other hand he finds much to praise in The Sound of Music (1965), crediting director Robert Wise for converting Hammerstein’s “verbal poetry into visual imagery, freely intercutting images and telescoping space while characters sang;’ and making the lives of its characters “inseparable from the scenic surroundings:’*
“Richard Rodgers Is Calling”
Authors: Block Geoffrey 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Before Rodgers selected her to star as the African American in Paris in No Strings (1962), Diahann Carroll (1935-) had made her Broadway and Hollywood debuts at the age of nineteen in Harold Arlen’s House of Flowers and the film version of Hammerstein’s Carmen Jones. Her work in No Strings led to the first Tony {American Theatre Wing Prize) awarded to a black actress in a leading role (shared with Anna Maria Alberghetti for Carnival) and her pathbreaking title role in Julia (1968-71), the first television series to star an African American. Younger television viewers may recall her stint as a wickedly beautiful villainess in the popular soap opera Dynasty {1984). In Diahann, Carroll makes several serious accusations against Rodgers. She quotes him in a homophobic slur against his first lyricist, she recalls his callous acceptance of a patron’s racism and attendance at a theater party from which, as a black woman, Carroll was excluded, and blames Rodgers for at least tacitly agreeing to the selection of a nonblack actress to play the lead of a projected No Strings film (the film was never made). By the time Carroll’s memoir appeared, Rodgers was no longer alive to defend himself. The following decade, his biographer, William Hyland, while acknowledging Rodgers’s reticence and perhaps discomfort at fully confronting Hart’s homosexuality, considered Rodgers’s alleged disparaging remark “highly implausible.” As recently as the American Masters PBS profile on Rodgers, ‘‘The Sweetest Sounds” {2001), Carroll has publicly denied a sexual affair. Biographer Meryle Secrest, however, presents evidence from photographs and interviews to suggest that Rodgers was at the very least emotionally involved with his leading lady during the development and rehearsals of No Strings [Secrest, Somewhere for Me: A Biography of Richard Rodgers {New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2001)].
“Introduction” to The Rodgers and Hart Song Book
Authors: Block Geoffrey 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Although in the previous “self interview” Rodgers described Hart as his “favorite blight and partner”-as well as “a source of permanent irritation”-in his Introduction to the first edition of The Rodgers and Hart Song Book he writes that in twenty-five years the two “never had a single personal argument with each other” (Rodgers does, however, acknowledge “furious, blasphemous, and frequent” battles “over words”). From the beginning of their partnership Rodgers learned that his collaborator had a pyrotechnical grasp of interior rhymes, so-called feminine rhymes, triple rhymes, and false rhymes. Despite this early demonstration of “pin-wheel brilliance; Rodgers believes that Hart did his best work in the increasingly emotional, philosophical, tender, and deeper lyrics of the later years. Rodgers also demonstrates his pride that as early as 1920 (in the precociously Freudian “You Can’t Fool Your Dreams”) he and Hart were prepared to continuously tackle new subjects, both in their individual songs and in the shows themselves. Heywood Broun in reviewing our first show, Poor Little Ritz Girl, in 1920 said that it was obvious that the lyric writer “had his ear to the ground and not to the nearest stage door.” He might have said that again in 1943 had he been able to review the revival of Connecticut Yankee. If the reader will examine the words of “To Keep My Love Alive,” written nearly twenty-five years after Heywood Braun’s review, he will find the same inability on Larry’s part to succumb to a cliche or to rhyme any way but brilliantly.
“Pal Joey: History of a ‘Heel’ “
Authors: Block Geoffrey 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Rodgers’s retrospective on Pal Joey appeared a few days before its Broadway revival. Hart’s favorite, Pal Joey was only the second Rodgers and Hart show to receive this treatment (the first was the considerably revised 1943 return of A Connecticut Yankee [1927]). The Pal Joey revival would earn further distinction as one of the first revivals to surpass its original run. While some prefer the score-rich Babes in Arms, the ballet-rich On Your Toes, or the endlessly clever Shakespeare adaptation, The Boys from Syracuse, Pa/Joey has at least since Atkinson’s “retraction” (reprinted in Part 11) received high marks for its treatment of adult themes, including a “disreputable character” in the title role. Rodgers also discusses the recent history of the belated hit song, “Bewitched,” the successful studio album, and the summer stock performances, all of which created interest in a new production.
“Introduction” (with Oscar Hammerstein) to The Rodgers and Hammerstein Song Book
Authors: Block Geoffrey 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In a fittingly collaborative “Introduction” to their Song Book Rodgers and Hammerstein characterize the musical theater as “not much less complex than war.” To make their case, they offer four solutions to “the problem involved in trying to make the semantic expression and the musical thought meet, each one valid by itself and both satisfactory and complete in combination: The musical examples, illustrated in Rodgers’s hand, include “It Might as Well Be Spring” from State Fair (also singled out in Musical Stages to demonstrate how music can match a text, in this case a state of restlessness), ‘‘The Surrey with the Fringe on Top” from Oklahoma!, and two from South Pacific, “A Wonderful Guy” and “Younger Than Springtime: Occasionally words are written to match an already created melody, but even here the music must be appropriate to the content and intent of the situation. Some years ago this composer sat one evening improvising at the piano. A tune came to him which one of his daughters liked. He made a note of it and eventually played it for this lyric writer. He remembered it. Then came the time when we were writing the score of South Pacific and had difficulty creating a song that satisfied us for the situation in which Joe Cable, the marine lieutenant, makes love to the young native girl. Any hint of sophistication would have been vulgar and inappropriate. But the lyric writer remembered the little tune the composer had played for him, and the words he wrote were as innocent and unspoiled as the two charming people who sang them.
“Hammerstein: “Words by Rodgers”
Authors: Block Geoffrey 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The New York Times Magazine published Rodgers’s panegyric two days before Hammerstein’s sixty-fifth birthday, one month before his death. On this poignant occasion Rodgers publicly shed his characteristic reserve and expressed his appreciation for the man with whom he shared close to eighteen productive and joyous years. Among the highlights of this tribute is Rodgers’s description, upon first hearing Show Boat, of being “shaken both by the beauty of Jerome Kern’s score and by the emotional and intellectual. He’s never been accused of being rude or dishonest or intolerant. His mind and his heart have given enormous pleasure and comfort to millions of people. There remains only one more thing to point out on Oscar’s sixty-fifth birthday and that is that for the last sixty-five years he’s been having an absolutely wonderful time himself. I congratulate him. Richard Rodgers has written eight Broadway musical plays with Oscar Hammerstein II since their first-and memorable-success, Oklahoma! was produced in r943. [Tagline by New York Times Magazine editor]
On History as Common Sense
Authors: Wayne Michael 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
History is the most democratic of subjects taught at a university. I first fully came to appreciate that when I was doing my doctorate at Yale and took a course called “Historiography” from the distinguished historian of early modern England, J. H. Hexter. Jack Hexter was a small-I’m tempted to say gnome-like—man who had a reputation among students as being kind of curmudgeonly. He was one of those professors you either loved or hated. Those students who hated him suspected he took secret delight in their suffering. Those of us who loved him—and I use the term “love” loosely here—thought pretty much the same thing. We just figured his seminars were uncommonly challenging and enlightening and imagined the suffering was good for us.
Slavery
Authors: Wayne Michael 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Every southern state had a slave code, or, as it was referred to in the 1857 digest of the Laws of the State of Mississippi, “An Act in Relation to Slaves, Free Negroes and Mulattoes.” Most of the ninety-three articles in the Mississippi act were concerned with defining the property rights of slaveholders and designating procedures for dealing with slaves and free blacks accused of crimes. But a total of five articles, numbered 4 through 8 in the legislation, outlined the “Duties of Masters towards Slaves”
Down To Earth
Authors: Steinberg Ted 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A tour de force of writing and analysis, Down to Earth offers a sweeping history of our nation, one that for the first time places the environment at the very center of our story. Writing with marvelous clarity, historian Ted Steinberg sweeps across the centuries, re-envisioning the story of America as he recounts how the environment has played a key role in virtually every social, economic, and political development. Ranging from the colonists' attempts to impose order on the land to the modern efforts to sell the wilderness as a consumer good, packaged in national parks and Alaskan cruises, Steinberg reminds readers that many critical episodes in our history were, in fact, environmental events: the California Gold Rush, for example, or the great migration of African Americans to the North in the early twentieth century (in part the consequence of an insect infestation). Equally important, Steinberg highlights the ways in which we have envisioned nature, attempting to reshape and control it--from Thomas Jefferson's surveying plan that divided the national landscape into a grid, to the transformation of animals, crops, and even water into commodities (New Englanders started trading water rights by the early nineteenth century). From the Pilgrims to Disney World, Steinberg's narrative abounds with fascinating details and often disturbing insights into our interaction with the natural world. Few books truly change the way we see the past. Down to Earth is one of them: a vivid narrative that reveals the environment to be a powerful force in our history--a force that must be examined if we are truly to understand ourselves.
Cells, Aging, and Human Disease
Authors: Fossel Michael B 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Cells, Aging, and Human Disease is the first book to explore aging all the way from genes to clinical application, analyzing the fundamental cellular changes which underlie human age-related disease. With over 4,000 references, this text explores both the fundamental processes of human aging and the tissue-by-tissue pathology, detailing both breaking research and current state-of-the-art clinical interventions in aging and age-related disease. Far from merely sharing a common onset late in the lifespan, age-related diseases are linked by fundamental common characteristics at the genetic and cellular levels. Emphasizing human cell mechanisms, the first section presents and analyzes our current knowledege of telomere biology and cell senescence. In superb academic detail, the text brings the reader up to date on telomere maintenance, telomerase dynamics, and current research on cell senescence--and the general model--cell senescence as the central component in human senescence and cancer. For each human malignancy, the chapter reviews and analyzes all available data on telomeres and telomerase, as well as summarizing current work on their clinical application in both diagnosis and cancer therapy. The second edition, oriented by organs and tissues, explores the actual physiological impact of cell senescence and aging on clinical disease. After a summary of the literature on early aging syndromes--the progerias--the text reviews aging diseases (Alzheimer's dementia, osteoarthritis, atherosclerosis, immune aging, presbyopia, sarcopenia, etc.) in the context of the tissues in which they occur. Each of the ten clinical chapters--skin, cardiovascular system, bone and joints, hematopoetic and immune systems, endocrine, CNS, renal, muscle, GI, and eyes--examines what we know of their pathology, the role of cell sensescence, and medical interventions, both current and potential.
The Theater of Disorder
Authors: Wenegrat Brant 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In As You Like It, William Shakespeare likened the world to a stage and people to “mere players.” Four hundred years later, many social scientists appear to have taken him literally. In social psychology, sociology, and anthropology, social life is frequently likened to theater and specific social interactions to performances. People are said to use cues, play roles, and manage and stage the impressions they hope to make on others.
Anthropological and Historical Studies
Authors: Wenegrat Brant 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Medical anthropologists and historians have described a number of” culture­ bound” syndromes, disorders found only in certain cultures or during certain eras. Many of these appear to be illness roles. Since anthropologists and historians have long made a point of addressing the functions such illnesses serve, their study can help to illustrate how people use illness behavior. Several themes emerge with respect to these disorders. First, enactments of culture-bound syndromes are used to obtain attention and care that would otherwise not be forthcoming. They are also used to seek redress for grievances that cannot be stated directly. They may also serve as a ticket to membership in groups. Enactments of culture-bound syndromes may be used to excuse misbehavior or to gain relief from work and other burdens, and some­ times they are used to allow the patient to harm other people. Consistent with these functions, culture-bound syndromes are generally enacted by those who lack power to meet their needs more directly and by those who are not allowed to directly express their anger, hostility, or frustration, whether because of their station or because their society is decorous and strict.
Playing the Hypnotic Game
Authors: Wenegrat Brant 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Many patients who present with modern or premodern illness roles in Europe and North America have proven highly responsive to hypnotic commands (see chapters S through 7). Belief that hypnosis manifests a special state of mind has fostered the conclusion that these roles are real disorders. Charcot, for instance, thought that hypnotic responsiveness was proof of a brain disorder in his grand hysterics. Modern authors cite response to hypnotic commands as evidence that patients with ostensible multiple personality disorder (MPD) are prone to dissociation. In this chapter, by contrast, I cite evidence that hypnosis is just role playing. According to this view, hypnotist and subject collude to enact a drama in which something out of the ordinary only appears to happen. The reason that patients with illness roles respond to hypnotic commands is that role-playing talents and aptitudes predispose to both illness enactments and hypnotic responsiveness. By way of analogy, actors selected for skill in playing the part of Lear (producing illness enactments) are likely to do a passable job playing the part of Hamlet (responding to hypnotic cues).
Frameworks, Models, and Rationales
Authors: Valente Thomas w. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter offers an introduction to the motivation for evaluating health pro motion programs. It begins by defining health promotion programs and evaluation, then discusses rationales for conducting evaluations as well as the barriers one may encounter. To plan health promotion programs, researchers and practioners have created many frameworks for organizing evaluation activities in specific settings. In the second part of this chapter. a general framework for evaluating health promotion programs is presented that is similar to frameworks discussed (Green and Kreuter. 1991) elsewhere. The different phases and com ponents within this framework are explained, as is the distinction between frame works, models, and theories.
Health Promotion Interventions
Authors: Valente Thomas w. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The purpose of health promotion program evaluation is to determine the effectiveness of interventions designed to promote healthy behavior. This chapter de scribes these interventions, their scope, and their terminology. A wide variety of health promotion programs have been conducted in many settings over the past four decades. This chapter provides a description of these different intervention strategies, and the conditions that must be met for them to be successful.
Behavior Change Theory
Authors: Valente Thomas w. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Some people think evaluation is an applied activity, lacking theoretical richness. The evaluation process is improved, however, when conducted with a theoretical perspective. Theory helps establish program goals and objectives, and pro vides guidance on how to measure them. A theoretical perspective should be plicitly stated to guide the program and its evaluation. It may sometimes be necessary for the researcher to disentangle this theoretical perspective if it is not explicitly stated. Theory attempts to explain people’s behavior and the factors that motivate changing it. Thus, theory provides the basis for effective program development and meaningful program evaluation.
Advanced Design and Statistical Topics
Authors: Valente Thomas w. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter focuses on some advanced design and statistical topics that expand the evaluators toolbox. Eight topics are presented; some require certain types of data while others offer different analysis strategies. The first section provides a description of stepwise regression, followed by a discussion of statistical procedures for three wave data (e.g., baseline, midpoint, and follow-up). The third section introduces path analysis and structural equation modeling, used to analyze multiple dependent variables. The fourth section explains event history analysis, which is used to study time-varying and time-constant covariates and censored data. The next section presents time series analysis used to study count data from multiple time points (usually more than 30). This is followed by a re view of meta-analysis procedures and its use in evaluation. Data weighting procedures used for comparing data to an external standard, or to make samples comparable, are then discussed. Finally cost-benefit and cost-effectiveness analysis is explained.
Consciousness and Cognition
Authors: Thau Michael 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Our thinking about consciousness and cognition is dominated by a certain very natural conception. This conception dictates what we take the fundamental questions about consciousness and cognition to be as well as the form that their answers must take. In this book, Michael Thau shows that, despite its naturalness, this conception begins with and depends upon a few fundamental errors. Exorcising these errors requires that we completely reconceive the nature of both consciousness and cognition as well as the fundamental problems each poses. Thau proceeds by discussing three famous and important philosophical puzzles - Spectrum Inversion, Frege's Puzzle, and Black-and-White Mary - each of which concerns some aspect of either consciousness or cognition. It has gone unnoticed that at a certain important level of generality, each of these puzzles presents the very same problem and, in bringing out this common problem, the errors in our natural conception of consciousness and cognition are also brought out. Thau's book will appeal to the casual reader interested in the proper solution of these puzzles and the nature of consciousness and cognition. The discussion of Frege's puzzle also contains important insights about the nature of linguistic communication and, hence, anyone interested in the fundamental questions in philosophy of language will also want to read the book.
When Science Offers Salvation
Authors: Dresser Rebecca 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Biomedical research today has a high public profile, largely because of patient advocacy. Following in the footsteps of HIV/AIDS activists, advocates representing an array of patient groups are now vocal partners in the research enterprise. This book shows how advocates have transformed health research, often - but not always - for the better. Dresser is the first to examine patient advocacy through the lens of research ethics. She exposes the bright and dark sides of patients’ expanded opportunities to enroll in clinical trials and join researchers in planning and evaluating studies. She considers the virtues and drawbacks of giving patients more influence over how the government invests its research dollars. She argues that advocates should do more to promote ethical human studies and responsible media reporting about research. Patient advocates can help make research more ethical, but advocacy raises ethical issues of its own. This book clearly and vividly recounts the advocacy contribution to research and explores the thorny ethical issues facing research advocates.
Fairness In Allocating Government Research Funds
Authors: Dresser Rebecca 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Why the demand? The subcommittee has a sizable role in determining the research budget for the National Institutes of Health (NIH). Increased financial support for biomedical research is a primary advocacy goal, and advocates hope an appearance before the subcommittee will yield more funding for their constituents. Moreover, because the federal government uses tax dollars to support biomedical research, advocates can make a persuasive case that officials have a moral responsibility to distribute research resources fairly and equitably. Legal requirements and political pressures to engage in open deliberation also make federal officials a prime advocacy target.