bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
INSPIRE: INvestigating Stellar Population In RElics – V. A catalogue of ultra-compact massive galaxies outside the local Universe and their degree of relicness
Authors: Spiniello C , D’Ago G , Coccato L , Hartke J , Tortora C , Ferré-Mateu A , Pulsoni C , Cappellari M , Maksymowicz-Maciata M , Arnaboldi M , Bevacqua D , Gallazzi A , Hunt L K , La Barbera F , Martín-Navarro I , Napolitano N R , Radovich M , Saracco P , Scognamiglio D , Spavone M , Zibetti S 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT
This paper presents the third data release of the INvestigating Stellar Population In RElics (INSPIRE) project, comprising 52 ultra-compact massive galaxies (UCMGs) observed with the X-Shooter spectrograph. We measure integrated stellar velocity dispersion, [Mg/Fe] abundances, ages, and metallicities for all the INSPIRE objects. We thus infer star formation histories and confirm the existence of a degree of relicness (DoR), defined in terms of the fraction of stellar mass formed by z = 2, the time at which a galaxy has assembled 75 per cent of its mass, and the final assembly time. Objects with a high DoR assembled their stellar mass at early epochs, while low-DoR objects show a non-negligible fraction of later formed populations and hence a spread in ages and metallicities. A higher DoR correlates with larger [Mg/Fe], supersolar metallicity, and larger velocity dispersion values. The 52 UMCGs span a large range of DoR from 0.83 to 0.06, with 38 of them having formed more than 75 per cent of their mass by z = 2. Of these, nine are extreme relics (DoR&gt;0.7), since they formed the totality ($\gt 99~{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$) of their stellar mass by redshift z = 2. The remaining 14 UCMGs cannot be considered relics, as they are characterized by more extended star formation histories. With INSPIRE  we built the first sizeable sample of relics outside the local Universe, up to z ∼ 0.4, increasing the number of confirmed relics by a factor of &gt;10, and opening up an important window to explain the mass assembly of massive galaxies in the high-z Universe.
New design strategies for ultra-specific CRISPR-Cas13a-based RNA detection with single-nucleotide mismatch sensitivity
Authors: Molina Vargas Adrian M , Sinha Souvik , Osborn Raven , Arantes Pablo R , Patel Amun , Dewhurst Stephen , Hardy Dwight J , Cameron Andrew , Palermo Giulia , O’Connell Mitchell R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
An increasingly pressing need for clinical diagnostics has required the development of novel nucleic acid-based detection technologies that are sensitive, fast, and inexpensive, and that can be deployed at point-of-care. Recently, the RNA-guided ribonuclease CRISPR-Cas13 has been successfully harnessed for such purposes. However, developing assays for detection of genetic variability, for example single-nucleotide polymorphisms, is still challenging and previously described design strategies are not always generalizable. Here, we expanded our characterization of LbuCas13a RNA-detection specificity by performing a combination of experimental RNA mismatch tolerance profiling, molecular dynamics simulations, protein, and crRNA engineering. We found certain positions in the crRNA-target–RNA duplex that are particularly sensitive to mismatches and establish the effect of RNA concentration in mismatch tolerance. Additionally, we determined that shortening the crRNA spacer or modifying the direct repeat of the crRNA leads to stricter specificities. Furthermore, we harnessed our understanding of LbuCas13a allosteric activation pathways through molecular dynamics and structure-guided engineering to develop novel Cas13a variants that display increased sensitivities to single-nucleotide mismatches. We deployed these Cas13a variants and crRNA design strategies to achieve superior discrimination of SARS-CoV-2 strains compared to wild-type LbuCas13a. Together, our work provides new design criteria and Cas13a variants to use in future easier-to-implement Cas13-based RNA detection applications.
Changing trends in Chlamydia and gonorrhea infections among female sex workers in Southern China: a surveillance data analysis spanning 2019 to 2022
Authors: Wang Jinshen , Zhao Peizhen , Xu Wenqian , Wang Cheng 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background
Female sex workers (FSW) are particularly vulnerable to chlamydia and gonorrhea infections. However, there were few studies that detail the evolving patterns of chlamydia and gonorrhea among Chinese FSW. Therefore, our study endeavors to assess the prevalence of chlamydia and gonorrhea epidemics within FSW, investigate their changing trends and scrutinize associated factors.

Methods
In 2019, China instituted a sentinel surveillance network focused on FSW in Guangdong Province. This network conducted an annual serial cross-sectional survey spanning from April to August. All analyses are predicated on surveillance data accumulated between 2019 and 2022.

Results
The prevalence of chlamydia increased from 10.1 to 12.3%, exhibiting an annual percentage shift of 6.8%. Conversely, the prevalence of gonorrhea dwindled from 2.0 to 1.3%, marking an annual percentage decline of 13.4% (P &lt; 0.001). After adjusting for covariates, chlamydia exhibited associations with having household registration in other provinces (adjusted odds ratio (aOR = 0.55)), displaying symptoms of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) (aOR = 1.65) and infected with gonorrhea (aOR = 5.68). In parallel, gonorrhea demonstrated associations with providing oral sex to clients (aOR = 3.74), manifesting STIs symptoms (aOR = 4.27) and those infected with chlamydia (aOR = 5.43).

Conclusions
Our observations underscore the imperative to implement a comprehensive intervention strategy concentrating on chlamydia, while simultaneously fortifying endeavors to expand the scope of gonorrhea prevention services.
Retrograde Intramedullary Nailing Versus Locked Plating for Extreme Distal Periprosthetic Femur Fractures: A Multicenter Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Van Rysselberghe Noelle L. , Seltzer Ryan , Lawson Taylor A. , Kuether Justin , White Parker , Grisdela Phillip , Daniell Hayley , Amirhekmat Arya , Merchan Nelson , Seaver Thomas , Samineni Aneesh , Saiz Augustine , Ngo Daniel , Dorman Clark , Epner Eden , Svetgoff Reese , Terle Megan , Lee Mark , Campbell Sean , Dikos Gregory , Warner Stephen , Achor Timothy , Weaver Michael J. , Tornetta Paul , Scolaro John , Wixted John J , Weber Timothy , Bellino Michael J , Goodnough L Henry , Gardner Michael J. , Bishop Julius A. 
Published: November 2023

OBJECTIVE:
To compare clinical and radiographic outcomes following retrograde intramedullary nailing vs locked plating of “extreme distal” periprosthetic femur fractures, defined as those which contact or extend distal to the anterior flange.
METHODS

Design:
Retrospective review

Setting:
Eight academic level I trauma centers

Patient Selection Criteria:
adult patients with periprosthetic distal femur fractures at or distal to the anterior flange (OTA/AO 33B-C[VB1]) treated with rIMNs or LPs.

Outcome Measures and Comparisons: The primary outcome was reoperation to promote healing or to treat infection (re-operation for elective removal of symptomatic hardware was excluded from this analysis). Secondary outcomes included nonunion, delayed union, fixation failure, infection, overall reoperation rate, distal femoral alignment, and ambulatory status at final follow-up. Compared, were patients treated with rIMNs or LPs.

RESULTS:
71 patients treated with rIMNs and 224 patients treated with LPs were included. The rIMN group had fewer points of fixation in the distal segment (rIMN: 3.5 +/- 1.1 vs LP: 6.0 +/- 1.1, p<0.001) and more patients who were allowed to weight-bear as tolerated immediately post-operatively (rIMN: 45%; LP: 9%, p<0.01). Reoperation to promote union and/or treat infection was 8% in the rIMN group and 16% in the LP group (p=0.122). There were no significant differences in nonunion (p >0.999), delayed union (p=0.079), fixation failure (p>0.999), infection (p=0.084), or overall reoperation rate (p>0.999). Significantly more patients in the rIMN group were ambulatory without assistive devices at final follow-up (rIMN: 35%, LP: 18%, p=0.008).

CONCLUSIONS:
Retrograde intramedullary nailing of extreme distal periprosthetic femur fractures has similar complication rates compared to locked plating, with a possible advantage of earlier return to weight-bearing. Surgeons can consider this treatment strategy in all fractures with stable implants and amenable prosthesis geometry, even extreme distal fractures.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
No Difference in Acute Outcomes for Patients Undergoing Fix and Replace versus Fixation Alone in the Treatment of Geriatric Acetabular Fractures
Authors: Gencarelli Pasquale , Menken Luke G. , Hong Ian S. , Robbins Conner J. , Jankowski Jaclyn M. , Yoon Richard S. , Liporace Frank A. 
Published: November 2023

OBJECTIVE
(s): To compare acute outcomes between patients undergoing fix and replace (FaR) versus open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) alone in the treatment of geriatric acetabular fractures.

METHODS:

Design:
Retrospective Cohort Study

Setting:
Single Level 2 Trauma Center

Patient Selection Criteria:
Consecutive acetabular fracture patients aged ≥ 55 years old treated by two orthopedic trauma surgeons at one tertiary care center from January 2017 to April 2022 with FaR vs ORIF were identified. Included were those with complete datasets within the 180-day global period. Excluded were patients with previous ORIF of the acetabulum or femur, or revision total hip arthroplasty.

Outcome Measures and Comparisons
: The primary outcomes were length of hospital stay (LOS), postoperative weight-bearing status, postoperative disposition, time to postoperative mobilization, and 90-day readmission rates. Secondary outcomes compared included demographic information, injury mechanism, surgical time, complications, revisions, and pre- and postoperative Hip Disability and Osteoarthritis Outcomes Score for Joint Replacement (HOOS Jr.) scores. These were compared between FaR and ORIF groups.

RESULTS:
Seventeen FaR patients (average age 74.5 ± 9.0 years) and 11 ORIF patients (average age 69.4 ± 9.6 years) met inclusion criteria. Mean follow-up was 26.4 months (range: 6 – 75.6 months). More FaR group patients were ordered immediate weightbearing as tolerated or partial weightbearing compared to ORIF alone (70% vs 9.0%, p=0.03). More patients in the FaR group had pre-existing hip osteoarthritis compared to ORIF alone (71% vs 27%, p=0.05). Fracture classification (p=0.03) and Charlson Comorbidity Index (p=0.02) differed between the two groups. There were no other differences in demographics, LOS (p=0.99), postoperative disposition (p=0.54), time to postoperative mobilization (p=0.38), 90-day readmission rates (p=0.51), operative time (p=0.06), radiographic union (p=0.35), time to union (p=0.63), pre- (p=0.32) or postoperative HOOS Jr. scores (p=0.80), delta HOOS Jr. scores (p=0.28), or reoperation rates between groups (p=0.15).

CONCLUSION:
Both FaR and ORIF appear to be sound treatment options in the management of geriatric acetabular fractures. Patients in the FaR group achieved immediate or partial weightbearing earlier than the ORIF group, however time to postoperative mobilization did not differ between the two groups. The remainder of acute postoperative outcomes (LOS, postoperative disposition, and 90-day readmission rates) did not differ between the two groups.
Naturally Occurring Atherosclerosis Progression and In-stent Restenosis: Exploring Histomorphologic Associations Using Optical Coherence Tomography
Authors: Zhang Wei , Zhang Wei , Gu Ning , Qiu Zhimei , Pan Li , Zhao Yongchao , Shi Bei 
Published: November 2023

Abstract:
The mechanism of in-stent restenosis (ISR) remains elusive, and in-stent neoatherosclerosis (ISNA) may hold significant pathophysiologic implications. Nevertheless, the correlation between ISNA and the progression of untreated coronary segments affected by native atherosclerosis remains incompletely investigated. This study enrolled 225 patients diagnosed with coronary heart disease and multivessel disease. These patients underwent successful percutaneous coronary intervention and intraoperative placement of the drug-eluting stent, followed by optical coherence tomography assessment of the culprit stent. The mechanism of ISR was examined through qualitative and quantitative analysis of optical coherence tomography imaging. A significantly higher proportion of patients in the ISR with nontarget lesion progression (N-TLP) group exhibited lipid plaque formation compared with the ISR without N-TLP group (69.0% vs. 39.8%, P < 0.001). The incidence of thin-cap fibroatheroma (33.3% vs. 11.4%, P = 0.001) and ISNA (60.7% vs. 38.6%, P < 0.001) was markedly elevated in the ISR with N-TLP group compared with the ISR without N-TLP group. Regarding manifestations, heterogeneous hyperplasia was predominantly observed in the ISR with N-TLP group (76.2% vs. 38.6%, P < 0.001), whereas homogeneous hyperplasia was primarily presented in the ISR without N-TLP group (61.4% vs. 23.8%, P < 0.001). Patients displaying notable progression of naturally occurring atherosclerosis manifest histomorphologic features of ISR, primarily characterized by heterogeneous intimal hyperplasia and a higher prevalence of ISNA. In contrast, patients without substantial progression of naturally occurring atherosclerosis exhibit histomorphologic features of ISR primarily characterized by homogeneous intimal hyperplasia.
Dietary Composition, Meal Timing, and Cancer-Related Fatigue: Insights From the Women’s Healthy Eating and Living Study
Authors: Kleckner Amber S. , Kleckner Ian R. , Renn Cynthia L. , Rosenblatt Paula Y. , Ryan Alice S. , Zhu Shijun 
Published: November 2023

Background
Cancer-related fatigue is difficult to treat, and dietary interventions are promising yet underused.

Objective
We explored associations between dietary patterns and fatigue, and the effect of a dietary intervention versus control on fatigue using Women’s Healthy Eating and Living study data, plus mediators and moderators of the intervention effect.

Methods
The Women’s Healthy Eating and Living study was a randomized controlled trial among early-stage breast cancer survivors. The 4-year intervention encouraged fruits, vegetables, fiber, and 15% to 20% calories from fat. Fatigue outcomes included a 9-item energy scale and a single-item tiredness question. Dietary quality was estimated using a modified Healthy Eating Index (24-hour dietary recall) and serum carotenoid concentrations. Nutrient timing was obtained from 4-day food logs.

Results
Among 2914 total participants, lower body mass index was associated with less tiredness and more energy at baseline (P < .001 for both). Earlier start and end times for daily eating windows were associated with less tiredness (P = .014 and P = .027, respectively) and greater energy (P = .006 and P = .102, respectively). The intervention did not lead to improvements in fatigue on average (P > .125). However, the intervention was more effective for participants who were younger, had fewer comorbidities, and did not have radiation treatment. Mediators included increases in serum carotenoids, increases in the modified Healthy Eating Index, and weight loss/maintenance.

Conclusion
Diet quality and earlier eating windows were associated with less fatigue.

Implications for Practice
Programs that encourage high diet quality and a morning meal and discourage nighttime eating should be tested for efficacy in reducing cancer-related fatigue in survivorship.
Reducing Cancer Risk Through Primary Prevention Activities Among Children: A Demonstration Project
Authors: Tai Eric , Chovnick Gary , Momin Behnoosh , Townsend Julie S. , Holman Dawn M. , Siegel David , House Marnie 
Published: November 2023

Context:
Opportunities to reduce the risk of cancer, including cervical, liver, and skin cancer, start early in life. To encourage adoption of primary prevention activities in childhood to reduce cancer risk later in life, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention conducted a demonstration project with 3 National Comprehensive Cancer Control Program (NCCCP) recipients.

Program:
Iowa, Northwest Portland Area Indian Health Board (NPAIHB), and Pennsylvania NCCCP recipients implemented evidence-based primary prevention activities for cervical, liver, and skin cancer among children using health care provider education, patient education, and policy development.

Implementation:
Iowa implemented an announcement approach to improve provider education on human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination. Pennsylvania focused on patient education for reducing skin cancer risk and both provider and patient education for liver cancer prevention. NPAIHB created a sun safety intervention for tribal organizations, including a policy guide, media materials, and patient education.

Results:
In Iowa, health care providers taking the announcement approach reported significantly higher mean scores on a posttest compared with a pretest regarding perceptions about HPV vaccination, self-efficacy, and behavioral intentions related to vaccination. Pennsylvania integrated sun safety education and sunscreen dispenser programs as a health and wellness initiative in 8 state parks and the Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources incorporated the program in its Pennsylvania Outdoor Recreation Plan. Pennsylvania also implemented health care provider education on the primary prevention of liver cancer through hepatitis B and hepatitis C screening and hepatitis B vaccination. The NPAIHB skin cancer policy guide was created and distributed for use to all 43 federally recognized tribes of Oregon, Washington, and Idaho served by NPAIHB.

Discussion:
The identification, dissemination, and implementation of these efforts can serve as best practices for future childhood primary prevention programs. NCCCP recipients and public health professionals can use health care provider education, patient education, and policy development to reduce future risk for cervical, liver, and skin cancer among children.
Polysubstance Use Profiles and HIV Viremia in a South African Cohort of Female Sex Workers: A Latent Class Analysis
Authors: Rosen Joseph G. , Knox Justin R. , Rucinski Katherine B. , Mcingana Mfezi , Mulumba Ntambue , Comins Carly A. , Shipp Lillian , Makama Siyanda , Beckham S. Wilson , Hausler Harry , Baral Stefan D. , Schwartz Sheree R. 
Published: November 2023

Background:
Given intersecting social and structural factors, female sex workers (FSW) exhibit elevated risk of HIV and substance use. However, there is limited study of how distinct substance use typologies influence HIV treatment outcomes among FSW.

Setting:
A cross-sectional survey with objective viral load assessments of 1391 FSW enrolled into a treatment optimization-focused trial in Durban, South Africa (2018–2020).

Methods:
We used latent class analysis to uncover discrete patterns in past-month self-reported use of the following substances: heavy alcohol use, cannabis, cocaine, crack, ecstasy, methamphetamine, heroin, and Whoonga. We used Wald tests to identify multilevel predictors of latent class membership and multivariable mixture modeling to quantify associations of substance use classes with HIV viremia (≥50 RNA copies/mL).

Results:
Substance use (87%) and HIV viremia (62%) were highly prevalent. Latent class analysis uncovered 3 polysubstance use profiles: Heavy Alcohol Use Only (∼54%); Cannabis, Heavy Alcohol, & Crack Use (∼28%); and Whoonga & Crack Use (∼18%). Whoonga & Crack Use was associated with social and structural adversities, including homelessness, outdoor/public sex work, HIV stigma, and violence. Relative to Heavy Alcohol Use Only, HIV viremia was significantly higher in the Whoonga & Crack Use class (adjusted odds ratio 1.97, 95% confidence interval: 1.13 to 3.43), but not in the Cannabis, Heavy Alcohol, & Crack Use class (adjusted odds ratio 1.17, 95% confidence interval: 0.74 to 1.86).

Conclusion:
HIV viremia differed significantly across identified polysubstance use profiles among South African FSW. Integrating drug treatment and harm reduction services into HIV treatment programs is key to improving virologic outcomes in marginalized communities.
A Stepped-Wedge Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial of Multi-interventional Approach for Fall Prevention
Authors: Najafpour Zhila , Arab Mohammad , Rashidian Arash , Shayanfard Kamran , Yaseri Mehdi , Biparva-Haghighi Somayeh 
Published: November 2023

Background and Objectives:
Falls are one of the most common adverse events at hospitals that may result in injury and even death. They are also associated with raised length of stay (LOS) and hospitalization costs. This experiment aimed to examine the effectiveness of multiple interventions in reducing inpatient fall rates and the consequent injuries.

Methods:
The present study was a stepped-wedge cluster-randomized controlled trial. It was done in 18 units in a public university hospital over 36 weeks. Patients included in this research were at risk of falls. Overall, 33 856 patients were admitted, of whom 4766 were considered high-risk patients. During the intervention phases, a series of preventive and control measures were considered, namely staff training; patient education; placement of nursing call bells; adequate lighting; supervision of high-risk patients during transmission and handovers; mobility device allocation; placement of call bell and safe guard in bathrooms; placing “fall alert” signs above patients' beds; nurses informing physicians timely about complications such as delirium and hypoxia; encouraging appropriate use of eyeglasses, hearing aids and footwear; keeping side rails up; and reassessing patients after each fall. The primary outcome was participant falls per 1000 patient-days. Secondary outcomes were fall-related injuries and LOS.

Results:
The results revealed a decrease in fall rate (n = 4 per 1000 patient-days vs 1.34 per 1000 patient-days, incidence rate ratio (IRR) = 0.19 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.14-0.26]; P = .001) and injuries (n = 2.4 per 1000 patient-days vs 0.79 per 1000 patient-days, IRR = 0.22 [95% CI, 0.15-0.32]; P = .001) in exposed compared with unexposed phases. There was not a significant difference in LOS (exposed mean 10.63 days [95% CI, 10.26-10.97], unexposed mean 10.84 days [95% CI, 10.59-11.09], mean difference = −0.13 [95% CI, −0.53 to 0.27], P = .52).

Conclusions:
This multi-interventional trial showed a reduction in falls and fall rates with injury but without an overall effect on LOS. Further research is needed to understand the sustainability of multiple fall prevention strategies in hospitals and their long-term impacts.