bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fascins, and their roles in cell structure and function
Authors: Kureishy Nina , Sapountzi Vasileia , Prag Soren , Anilkumar N. , Adams Josephine Clare 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe fascins are a structurally unique and evolutionarily conserved group of actin cross‐linking proteins. Fascins function in the organisation of two major forms of actin‐based structures: dynamic, cortical cell protrusions and cytoplasmic microfilament bundles. The cortical structures, which include filopodia, spikes, lamellipodial ribs, oocyte microvilli and the dendrites of dendritic cells, have roles in cell–matrix adhesion, cell interactions and cell migration, whereas the cytoplasmic actin bundles appear to participate in cell architecture. We discuss the current understanding of the cellular mechanisms that regulate the binding of fascin to actin and how these processes contribute to the organisation or disassembly of cell protrusions. Although the in vivo roles of fascin have been studied principally in Drosophila, several human diseases are associated with inherited or acquired alterations in the expression of fascins. Strategies to modulate fascin‐containing protrusions and thereby cell adhesive and migratory behaviour could have potential for therapeutic intervention in these conditions. The supplementary material referred to in this section can be found at http://www.interscience.wiley.com/jpages/0265‐9247/suppmat/2002/v24.350.html BioEssays 24:350–361, 2002. ©2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Search for enhancers: teleost models in comparative genomic and transgenic analysis of cis regulatory elements
Authors: Müller Ferenc , Blader Patrick , Strähle Uwe 
Published: August 2002

AbstractHomology searches between DNA sequences of evolutionary distant species (phylogenetic footprinting) offer a fast detection method for regulatory sequences. Because of the small size of their genomes, tetraodontid species such as the Japanese pufferfish and green spotted pufferfish have become attractive models for comparative genomics. A disadvantage of the tetraodontid species is, however, that they cannot be bred and manipulated routinely under laboratory conditions, so these species are less attractive for developmental and genetic analysis. In contrast, an increasing arsenal of transgene techniques with the developmental model species zebrafish and medaka are being used for functional analysis of cis regulatory sequences. The main disadvantage is the much larger genome. While comparison between many loci proved the suitability of phylogenetic footprinting using fish and mammalian sequences, fast rate of change in enhancer structure and gene duplication within teleosts may obscure detection of homologies. Here we discuss the contribution and potentials provided by different teleost models for the detection and functional analysis of conserved cis‐regulatory elements. BioEssays 24:564–572, 2002. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Analysing gene function after duplication
Authors: Massingham T. , Davies L. J. , Liò P. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAfter gene duplication, mutations cause the gene copies to diverge. The classical model predicts that these mutations will generally lead to the loss of function of one gene copy; rarely, new functions will be created and both duplicate genes are conserved. In contrast, under the subfunctionalization model both duplicates are preserved due to the partition of different functions between the duplicates. A recent study(1) provides support for the subfunctionalization model, identifying several expressed gene duplicates common to humans and mice that contain regions conserved in one duplicate but variable in the other (and vice versa). We discuss both the methodology used in this study and also how gene phylogeny may lead to additional evidence for the importance of subfunctionalization in the evolution of new genes. BioEssays 23:873–876, 2001. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Measurement of bioreactor perfusion using dynamic contrast agent‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Thelwall Peter E. , Neves André A. , Brindle Kevin M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractDynamic magnetic resonance imaging was used to monitor solute diffusion through aggregates of Chinese hamster ovary cells growing on macroporous carriers in a fixed‐bed bioreactor. Diffusion‐weighted 1H magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and scanning electron microscopy demonstrated that cell growth in the bioreactor was heterogeneous, with the highest cell densities being found at the periphery of the carriers. T1‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging measurements of the inflow of a commonly used magnetic resonance contrast agent, gadolinium‐diethylenetriaminopentaacetic acid (Gd‐DTPA), showed that migration of the agent through the peripheral cell masses could be explained by diffusion. However, appearance of the contrast agent in the center of the carriers was too fast to be explained by simple diffusion and indicated that these regions were perfused by convective flow. The average diffusivity of Gd‐DTPA through the cell mass was found to be (2.4 ± 0.2) × 10−10 m2 sec− (mean ± SEM). This technique will be useful in the characterization and development of high‐cell‐density bioreactor systems, in which solute transport plays a critical role in cell growth and physiology. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 75: 682–690, 2001.
Influence of water activity on the enantioselective esterification of (R,S)‐ibuprofen by crosslinked crystals of Candida antarctica lipase B in organic solvent media
Authors: Pepin Pierre , Lortie Robert 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe lipase B from Candida antarctica was purified from a commercial source and crystalized. The microcrystals were crosslinked using glutaraldehyde. The crosslinked crystals were then used to catalyze the esterification of (R,S)‐ibuprofen with dodecanol in octane at various water activities. As for the commercial preparation immobilized on acrylic resin, Novozym 435, low water activities foster better enantioselectivity, and the maximum reaction rates are obtained for aW = 0.1. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 75: 559–562, 2001.
Self‐assembly and two‐dimensional patterning of cell arrays by electrophoretic deposition
Authors: Brisson Vanessa , Tilton Robert D. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractUsing Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a demonstration system, we present a method to form two‐dimensional, patternable cellular arrays. The method does not require surface chemical templating of the substratum to produce arrays or patterns. By virtue of their colloidal characteristics, S. cerevisiae cells may be induced to form dense, quasi‐ordered two‐dimensional clusters adjacent to an electrode surface by electrophoretic deposition (EPD). Using ac EPD, dense two‐dimensional cell clusters may be formed in minutes from extremely dilute cell suspensions. The arrays may be induced to form geometric patterns by focusing the electric field during deposition. These monolayer arrays are reversible, dissipating by diffusion on removal of the electric field, and are not in adhesive contact with the electrode surface. Brief application of a modest dc current density adheres the arrays tightly to the surface. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 77: 290–295, 2002.
Engineering of baker's yeasts, E. coli and Bacillus hosts for the production of Bacillus subtilis Lipase A
Authors: Sánchez Marta , Prim Núria , Rández–Gil Francisca , Pastor F. I. Javier , Diaz Pilar 
Published: August 2002

AbstractLipases are versatile biocatalists showing multiple applications in a wide range of biotechnological processes. The gene lipA coding for Lipase A from Bacillus subtilis was isolated by PCR amplification, cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Bacillus subtilis strains, using pBR322, YEplac112 and pUB110‐derived vectors, respectively. Lipase activity analysis of the recombinant strains showed that the gene can be properly expressed in all hosts assayed, this being the first time a lipase from bacterial origin can be expressed in baker's S. cerevisiae strains. An important increase of lipase production was obtained in heterologous hosts with respect to that of parental strains, indicating that the described systems can represent a useful tool to enhance productivity of the enzyme for biotechnological applications, including the use of the lipase in bread making, or as a technological additive. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 78: 339–345, 2002.
Probing the performance limits of the Escherichia coli metabolic network subject to gene additions or deletions
Authors: Burgard Anthony P. , Maranas Costas D. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAn optimization‐based procedure for studying the response of metabolic networks after gene knockouts or additions is introduced and applied to a linear flux balance analysis (FBA) Escherichia coli model. Both the gene addition problem of optimally selecting which foreign genes to recombine into E. coli, as well as the gene deletion problem of removing a given number of existing ones, are formulated as mixed‐integer optimization problems using binary 0–1 variables. The developed modeling and optimization framework is tested by investigating the effect of gene deletions on biomass production and addressing the maximum theoretical production of the 20 amino acids for aerobic growth on glucose and acetate substrates. In the gene deletion study, the smallest gene set necessary to achieve maximum biomass production in E. coli is determined for aerobic growth on glucose. The subsequent gene knockout analysis indicates that biomass production decreases monotonically, rendering the metabolic network incapable of growth after only 18 gene deletions. In the gene addition study, the E. coli flux balance model is augmented with 3,400 non‐E. coli reactions from the KEGG database to form a multispecies model. This model is referred to as the Universal model. This study reveals that the maximum theoretical production of six amino acids could be improved by the addition of only one or two genes to the native amino acid production pathway of E. coli, even though the model could choose from 3,400 foreign reaction candidates. Specifically, manipulation of the arginine production pathway showed the most promise with 8.75% and 9.05% predicted increases with the addition of genes for growth on glucose and acetate, respectively. The mechanism of all suggested enhancements is either by: 1) improving the energy efficiency and/or 2) increasing the carbon conversion efficiency of the production route. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 74: 364–375, 2001.
Learning for sustainable development in tourism networks
Authors: Halme Minna 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe present study investigates learning toward sustainable development in multi‐stakeholder public–private networks. The evidence is grounded in the data from six tourism networks in four European countries. The process of cooperation appears more important vis‐à‐vis achievements regarding sustainable tourism than the structure of networks. This process will determine the network's ability to become adept at explicating tacit knowledge among its actors, and to develop the network so it can facilitate the creation of sustainability outcomes.A leading public actor may assume a ‘teacher's’ role in the network. In these instances, the network runs a risk of becoming merely an information dissemination tool. This involves a trap of one‐way communication and under‐used knowledge utilization opportunities. Receptivity of the teacher actor is low and the partners do not really collaborate. The teacher actor should make a special effort to create feedback loops leading to two‐way communication, so that a learning strategy of collaboration can take place. The findings also imply that in some networks with a public leader there is an overly high belief in the ability of information dissemination and classroom education to promote learning about sustainable development although learning about sustainability in the practical level requires concrete results and joint action. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
Forensic and correctional applications of the personality assessment inventory
Authors: Edens John F. , Cruise Keith R. , Buffington‐Vollum Jacqueline K. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe relative utility of psychological tests for addressing legal issues is an area of considerable debate in the field. Regardless of the merits of psychological testing, it is apparent that such instruments are used widely both to address specific psycholegal issues and to evaluate offender populations more generally. One instrument gaining prominence in terms of its use in both forensic and correctional settings is the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI; Morey, 1991), which was developed to assess various constructs relevant to clinical settings (e.g. psychopathology, response distortion, and personality traits). This paper reviews the psychometric properties of the PAI specifically in reference to its ability to assess factors relevant to forensic decision‐making, as well as its utility to provide clinically relevant information about offender populations more generally. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Physical symptoms in sexually abused women: somatization or undetected injury?
Authors: Nelson Sarah 
Published: August 2002

AbstractMedically unexplained physical symptoms and disorders in women sexually abused in childhood are widely interpreted as somatization—the expression of emotional pain and stress through bodily symptoms. However, the somatization theory is not based on detailed knowledge of the abusive incidents, and may underestimate the direct effects of violence and injury, repeated over years, to children's developing bodies. When adult survivors fully describe their childhood abuse, the extent of violence involved becomes clear. For example, their accounts of oral abuse invite us to reconsider how ‘psychogenic’ conditions like paradoxical vocal cord dysfunction or temporomandibular disorders may have come about. This also raises the important issue of whether paradoxical vocal chord dysfunction should be reclassed as an abnormal and suspicious sign in children. The paper outlines several forms of research which may elucidate further the role of physical damage and injury in adult survivors' physical disorders, including prospective studies; retrospective studies in collaboration with sexual abuse survivors; and comparative studies of international literature on the long‐term physical health effects of torture and child marriage. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Socializing efficacy: a reconstruction of self‐efficacy theory within the context of inequality*
Authors: Franzblau Susan H. , Moore Michael 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBandura's self‐efficacy (SE) theory claims that if people believe that they can control the outcome of their behaviour, then they can. SE theory positions the self as the centre and originator of change, beginning with control over belief systems, which determine levels of performance. This conception depoliticizes social mechanisms of control, internalizing them within individual cognitive processes. We argue that SE theory emanates from culturally‐positioned and ideologically informed functional trends in US psychology, which perpetuates a blaming‐the‐victim approach to social problems. Through an examination of the way gender and disability are manipulated in SE research, we show that efficacy is socially construed, and is actually about control over and access to power and the ideological, institutional, and social resources that provide the foundation for taking certain actions. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
User involvement in research: power and compromise
Authors: Carrick Rachael , Mitchell Annie , Lloyd Keith 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe extent to which collaborative research can redress power imbalances is debated with reference to some of the relevant literature. Different ways in which research can be collaborative and power shared between researchers and participants are discussed. The benefits and challenges specific to collaboration in the area of mental health research are considered, illustrated with examples from research we conducted into the experience of taking antipsychotic medication. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A stepwise strategy for the stent treatment of bifurcated coronary lesions
Authors: Pan Manuel , Suárez de Lezo José , Medina Alfonso , Romero Miguel , Segura José , Ramírez Antonio , Pavlovic Djordje , Hernández Enrique , Ojeda Soledad , Adamuz Carmen 
Published: August 2002

AbstractSeveral observational studies have shown a better late outcome in patients with coronary bifurcation lesions treated with stents in whom the side branch was not stented. Balloon dilation and provisional stenting for the side branch seem an attractive strategy to manage these challenging types of lesions. This study evaluated the results of a three‐step phase strategy in the stent treatment of bifurcated coronary lesions. We treated 126 patients, 58 ± 11 years old, with major coronary bifurcation stenosis. The therapeutic procedure was undertaken following three phases; progression through each phase was triggered by the failure of one procedure to achieve a <50% residual stenosis at the side branch: in the first step, balloon angioplasty of the side branch followed by stenting of the parent vessel; in the second, balloon redilation of the side‐branch origin across the metallic structure of the stent; in the third, stenting of the side‐branch origin. Immediate success was achieved in 116 patients (92%). Angiographic results in each phase were as follows: in the first step, 35 patients (28%) had procedural success, 3 patients had failure, and 88 crossed to the next step; in the second, 76 patients (86%) had procedural success, 7 patients had failure, and 5 crossed to the next step; in the third, all 5 patients had procedural success. The overall major cardiac event‐free probability at 15 months was 78%. Target vessel revascularization took place in 19 patients (15%) and when stratified by phases were 13% of patients treated in the first step, 16% of patients in the second step, and 20% of patients in the third step. Patients with coronary stenosis at major bifurcations may be treated following an unitary stepwise approach. This attitude may avoid side‐branch stent implantation in most patients, providing good immediate and long‐term results. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2002;55:50–57. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparison of the self‐expanding Radius stent and the balloon‐expandable Multilink stent for elective treatment of coronary stenoses: A serial analysis by intravascular ultrasound
Authors: Yu Zai‐Xin , Tamai Hideo , Kyo Eisho , Kosuga Kunihiko , Hata Tatsuhiko , Okada Masaharu , Nakamura Takuji , Komori Hidenori , Tsuji Takafumi , Takeda Shinsaku , Motohara Seiichiro , Uehata Hiromu 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe compared the outcome of the self‐expanding Radius stent and the balloon‐expandable Multilink stent serially by angiography and intravascular ultrasound. Successful stent deployment was achieved in 66 lesions of 56 stable angina patients (34 lesions with Radius stents and 32 lesions with Multilink stents). At follow‐up, there were no significant differences in minimal lumen diameter or percent diameter stenosis between the groups, nor in restenosis rates, although the Radius stent group rate was slightly lower (23.5% vs. 31.3%). In the Radius stent group, stent cross‐sectional area (CSA) increased gradually after implantation until the 6‐month follow‐up (8.37 ± 1.83 to 10.16 ± 2.59 mm2; n = 15), giving a larger CSA (P = 0.03) than the Multilink stent group, which decreased (9.00 ± 2.05 to 8.27 ± 2.15 mm2; n = 17). The lumen CSA was also slightly larger (6.82 ± 3.06 vs. 5.84 ± 1.85 mm2; P = 0.29) in the Radius stent group. These findings indicated that the Radius stent enlarged progressively after implantation, which might be useful for prevention of restenosis. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2002;56:40–45. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Coronary perforation during percutaneous coronary intervention in the era of abciximab platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa blockade: An algorithm for percutaneous management
Authors: Dippel Eric J. , Kereiakes Dean J. , Tramuta Daniel A. , Broderick Thomas M. , Shimshak Thomas M. , Roth Eli M. , Hattemer Charles R. , Runyon John P. , Whang David D. , Schneider John F. , Abbottsmith Charles W. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractCoronary perforation is an uncommon but potentially life‐threatening complication of percutaneous coronary intervention. The use of both atheroablative technologies for coronary intervention and adjunctive platelet glycoprotein blockade pharmacology may increase the incidence of or risk for life‐threatening bleeding complications following the occurrence of coronary artery perforation. The interventional database for 6,214 percutaneous coronary interventions performed between January 1995 and June 1999 was analyzed. Hospital charts and cine angiograms for all patients identified in the database as having had coronary perforation were reviewed. Coronary perforation complicated 0.58% of all procedures and was more commonly observed in patients with a history of congestive heart failure and following use of atheroablative interventional technologies (2.8%). There was no association of abciximab therapy with either the incidence of or classification for coronary perforation. Adverse clinical outcomes (death, emergency surgical exploration) were related to the angiographic classification of perforation and were more frequently observed in patients who experienced a class 3 coronary perforation. These data suggest that specific clinical and procedural demographic factors are associated with the occurrence and severity of angiographic coronary perforation. An angiographic perforation class‐specific algorithm for treatment of coronary perforation is proposed. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2001;52:279–286. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Excimer laser facilitated percutaneous coronary intervention of a nondilatable coronary stent
Authors: Sunew John , Chandwaney Raj H. , Stein David W. , Meyers Sheridan , Davidson Charles J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA patient is described in which excimer laser percutaneous coronary intervention is performed inside a suboptimally expanded stent due to nondilatable calcified plaque. The use of excimer laser facilitated full expansion of the stent with a balloon. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2001;53:513–517. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Coil embolization for successful treatment of perforation of chronically occluded proximal coronary artery
Authors: Mahmud Ehtisham , Douglas John S. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe describe a case of a coronary artery perforation involving the proximal right coronary artery that was successfully managed by percutaneous coil embolization. In the setting of a chronic coronary artery occlusion, this demonstrates the successful use of thrombogenic platinum alloy coils for a large proximal vessel perforation which has not been described previously. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2001;53:549–552. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.