bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Remyelination of cytokine‐ or antibody‐demyelinated CNS aggregate cultures is inhibited by macrophage supplementation
Authors: Diemel Lara T. , Wolswijk Guus , Jackson Samuel J. , Cuzner M. Louise 
Published: January 2004

AbstractRemyelination in CNS aggregate cultures is determined both by macrophage enrichment and the mode of demyelination. Despite the same degree of myelin loss, accumulation of MBP in anti‐MOG antibody‐demyelinated aggregates overtakes that of controls, while recovery is significantly delayed following IFN‐γ‐induced demyelination. In antibody‐treated cultures, remyelination was associated with a significant increase in culture supernatant levels of TGF‐β1, FGF‐2, and PDGF‐AA as well as an induction of TNF‐α immediately following removal of the demyelinating insult. The impaired recovery in IFN‐γ‐treated cultures, denoted by a significant reduction in TGF‐β1, was reversed by treatment with hrTGF‐β1. Macrophage supplementation of the cultures prior to the addition of either demyelinating agent induced a greater degree of myelin loss followed by incomplete remyelination in both cases. This failure to remyelinate was associated in both groups with a several‐fold elevation in TNF‐α and with modest increases in PDGF‐AA and FGF‐2 in the antibody‐treated cultures. In contrast, macrophage supplementation to mature cultures in the absence of any demyelinating treatment resulted in enhanced accumulation of MBP associated with a promyelinative growth factor and TNF‐α profile similar to that in aggregates enriched with macrophages at the outset of the culture period. Hence, effector elements of the adaptive immune response appear to override promyelinogenic in favor of proinflammatory macrophage factors in mature CNS aggregates, counteracting the potential for myelin repair. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
CD44‐independent hepatocyte growth factor/c‐Met autocrine loop promotes malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor cell invasion in vitro
Authors: Su Weiping , Gutmann David H. , Perry Arie , Abounader Roger , Laterra John , Sherman Larry S. 
Published: January 2004

AbstractMalignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs) are invasive peripheral nerve neoplasms that express both the receptor tyrosine kinase c‐Met and its ligand hepatocyte growth factor (HGF). The combined expression of these proteins has been implicated in tumor cell growth and metastasis. However, HGF/c‐Met autocrine activity requires the presence of a serine protease, the HGF activator (HGFA), and, in some cells, the CD44 transmembrane glycoprotein. Here, we found that HGFA, HGF, c‐Met, and CD44 are coexpressed in MPNSTs but their localization did not correlate with increased cell proliferation. The ST8814 MPNST cell line also expresses all of these proteins, can convert pro‐HGF to active HGF, and exhibits constitutive c‐Met phosphorylation. Blocking c‐Met activity or expression inhibits the invasive behavior of these cells but not their proliferation. Interestingly, although a CD44 splice variant contributes to MPNST cell invasion and interacts with c‐Met and HGF in ST8814 cells, it is not required for c‐Met activation. These data indicate that an HGF/c‐Met autocrine loop can promote MPNST invasion through a CD44‐independent mechanism and suggest that c‐Met, HGFA, and HGF are potential molecular targets to inhibit MPNST metastasis. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Absolute rate constants for the gas‐phase ozonolysis of isoprene and methylbutenol
Authors: Klawatsch‐Carrasco N. , Doussin J. F. , Carlier P. 
Published: January 2004

AbstractThe reactions of the biogenic organic compounds isoprene and 2‐methyl‐3‐buten‐2‐ol (MBO) with ozone have been investigated under controlled conditions for pressure (atmospheric pressure) and temperature (293 ± 2 K), using FTIR spectrometry. CO was added to scavenge hydroxyl radical formation during the ozonolysis experiments. Reaction rate constants were determined by absolute rate technique, by measuring both ozone and the organic compound concentrations. The measured values were k1 = (1.19 ± 0.09) × 10−17 cm3 molecule−1 s−1 for the reaction between ozone and isoprene and k2 = (8.3 ± 1.0) × 10−18 cm3 molecule−1 s−1 for the reaction between ozone and MBO. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 36: 152–156 2004
Quantum chemical/vRRKM study on the thermal decomposition of cyclopentadiene
Authors: Tokmakov I. V. , Moskaleva L. V. , Lin M. C. 
Published: January 2004

AbstractThermal decomposition of cyclopentadiene to c‐C5H5 (cyclopentadienyl radical) + H (1) and the reverse bimolecular reaction (−1) are studied quantum‐chemically at the G2M level of theory. The dissociation pathway has been mapped out following the minimum energy path on the potential energy surface (PES) calculated by the density functional UB3LYP/6‐311G(d,p) method. Using isodesmic reaction analysis, the standard enthalpy of formation for c‐C5H5 is found to be 62.5 ± 1.3 kcal mol−1, and the c‐C5H5H bond dissociation energy is estimated as D°298(c‐C5H5H) = 82.5 ± 0.9 kcal mol−1, in excellent agreement with the recent experimental values. Variational rate constants are computed on the basis of a scaled UB3LYP dissociation potential that fits the isodesmic/experimental enthalpy of Reaction (1). At the high pressure limit, k1∞ = 1.55 × 1018 T−0.8 exp(−42300/T) s−1 and k−1∞ = 2.67 × 1014 exp(−245/T) cm3 mol−1 s−1. The fall‐off effects are evaluated by a weak collision master equation/RRKM analysis. Calculated T, P‐dependent rate constants are in very good agreement with the most reliable experimental measurements. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 36: 139–151 2004
Computational study on the kinetics and mechanisms for the reactions of HCO with HONO and HNOH
Authors: Xu Z. F. , Lin M. C. 
Published: January 2004

AbstractThe kinetics and mechanisms of the HCO reactions with HONO and HNOH have been studied at the G2M level of theory based on the geometric parameters optimized at BH&HLYP/6‐311G(d,p). The rate constants in the temperature range 200–3000 K at different pressures have been predicted by microcanonical RRKM and/or variational transition state theory calculations with Eckart tunneling corrections. For the HCO + HONO reaction, hydrogen abstraction from trans‐HONO and cis‐HONO by HCO produces H2CO + NO2, with the latter being dominant. Two other channels involving cis‐HONO by the association/decomposition mechanism via the HC(O)N(O)OH intermediate, which could fragment to give H2O + CO + NO at high temperatures, were also found to be important. For the HCO + HNOH reaction, three reaction channels were identified: one association reaction giving a stable intermediate, HC(O)N(H)OH (LM2), and two hydrogen abstraction channels producing H2CO and H2NOH. The dominant products were predicted to be the formation of LM2 at low temperatures and H2NOH + CO at middle and high temperatures. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 36: 178–187 2004
Kinetics and mechanism of oxidation of 2‐mercaptosuccinic acid by bis(μ‐oxo)‐ manganese(III,IV)‐cyclam complex in aqueous medium: Influence of externally added copper(II)
Authors: Shaikh Nizamuddin , Panja Anangamohan , Banerjee Pradyot 
Published: January 2004

AbstractKinetic studies on the oxidation of 2‐mercaptosuccinic acid by dinuclear [Mn2III/IV(μ‐O)2(cyclam)2](ClO4)3] (1) (abbreviated as MnIII–MnIV) (cyclam = 1,4,8,11‐tetraaza‐cyclotetradecane) have been carried out in aqueous medium in the pH range of 4.0–6.0, in the presence of acetate buffer at 30°C by UV–vis spectrophotometry. In the pH region, two species of complex 1 (MnIII–MnIV and MnIII–MnIVH, the later being μ‐O protonated form) were found to be kinetically significant. The first‐order dependence of the rate of the reactions on [Thiol] both in presence and absence of externally added copper(II) ions, first‐order dependence on [Cu2+] and a decrease of rate of the reactions with increase in pH have been rationalized by suitable sequence of reactions. Protonation of μ‐O bridge of 1 is evidenced by the perchloric acid catalyzed decomposition of 1 to mononuclear Mn(III) and Mn(IV) complex observed by UV–vis and EPR spectroscopy. The kinetic features have been rationalized considering Cu(RSH) as the reactive intermediate. EPR spectroscopy lends support for this. The formation of a hydrogen bonded outer‐sphere adduct between the reductant and the complex in the lower pH range prior to electron transfer reactions is most likely to occur. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 36: 170–177 2004
Relative reactivity and kinetic pattern of aniline and N‐methylaniline as nucleophiles in aromatic substitution (SNAr) reactions
Authors: Emokpae Thomas A. , Isanbor Chukwuemeka 
Published: January 2004

AbstractKinetic results are reported for the reactions of 4‐nitrophenyl‐2,4,6‐trinitrophenyl ether 3 with aniline and N‐methylaniline in dimethyl sulphoxide, acetonitrile, methanol, and benzene. The reactions gave the expected 2,4,6‐trinitrodiphenylamine and were base catalyzed in all the solvents. Both nucleophiles showed the same kinetic pattern under the same reaction conditions but aniline was found to be considerably more reactive than N‐methylaniline. The greater catalytic efficiency of aniline over N‐methylaniline is consistent with the proton transfer mechanism of the base‐catalyzed step. Dichotomy of amine effects in aromatic substitution (SNAr) reactions is discussed. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 36: 188–196, 2004
High‐performance V‐band monolithic quadruple sub‐harmonic mixer with anti‐parallel diode pair
Authors: Uhm Won‐Young , Sul Woo‐Suk , Lee Han‐Shin , Kim Sam‐Dong , Park Hyung‐Moo , Rhee Jin‐Koo 
Published: January 2004

AbstractA high‐performance V‐band quadruple subharmonic mixer monolithic circuit is fabricated using the millimeter‐wave monolithic integrated circuit (MIMIC) process. Due to the superior features of the anti‐parallel diode pair (APDP) and the utilization of a quarter of fundamental frequency, the proposed subharmonic mixer shows good conversion‐gain and isolation characteristics. Maximum conversion gain of 0.8 dB at an LO frequency of 14.5 GHz and an RF frequency of 60.4 GHz is measured. Both LO‐to‐RF and LO‐to‐IF isolations are higher than 50 dB in the operation mode. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 40: 349–352, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.11378
3D photo‐induced load modeling for optically controlled microwave microstrip line
Authors: Arnould J.‐D. , Gary R. , Vilcot A. 
Published: January 2004

AbstractThis paper deals with the 3D modeling of the photo‐induced load created by a laser that illuminates a semiconductor substrate. This independent optical command allows us to change the microwave behavior of the microstrip device. We present a 3D‐equivalent microwave model for the photo‐injection in terms of equivalent conductivity plasma. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 40: 356–359, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.11380
Quad‐band internal monopole mobile‐phone antenna
Authors: Lee Gwo‐Yun , Wong Kin‐Lu 
Published: January 2004

AbstractA novel internal monopole antenna suitable for applications in AMPS/GSM/DCS/PCS quad‐band mobile phones is presented. The antenna comprises two orthogonal wideband monopole elements for operation at about 900 and 1850 MHz, covering the APMS/GSM (824–894/890–960 MHz) and DCS/PCS (1710–1880/1850–1990 MHz) bands, respectively. The quad‐band monopole antenna is also arranged in a compact structure such that it has a low profile (only 6 mm in this study) and protrudes from the top edge of the system ground plane of a communications device, thus making it very promising as an internal antenna, built‐in within the device's casing. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 40: 359–361, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.11381
Characteristics of microfabricated rectangular coax in the Ka band
Authors: Brown E. R. , Cohen A. L. , Bang C. A. , Lockard M. S. , Byrne B. W. , Vandelli N. M. , McPherson D. S. , Zhang G. 
Published: January 2004

AbstractMiniaturerectangularcoaxial transmission line (with a 300 × 300 μm outer conductor) is simulated, fabricated, and tested up to the Ka band. It is made by the electrochemical fabrication (EFAB™) of nickel such that the center conductor is supported primarily by ≈λ/4 stubs that also establish a resonant passband. The minimum insertion loss of a 1.67‐cm‐long test structure is found to be 1.74 dB at the passband center of 29 GHz. This is within 0.57 dB of the lowest insertion loss predicted by full‐wave numerical simulations, indicative of the high precision and smooth surface morphology of the EFAB process. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 40: 365–368, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.11383
Study on PMD of conventional single mode fiber transmitting system with FBG for dispersion compensation
Authors: Li Pei , Li Tangjun , Yan Fengping , Jian Wei , Ning Tigang , Jian Shuisheng 
Published: January 2004

AbstractThe maxim tolerance of polarization‐mode dispersion (PMD) in transmission systems at different rates is analyzed in this paper for the first time. The PMD of two transmission systems are measured and analyzed for dispersion compensation through conventional single‐mode fiber (G.652) with fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs). The results show that PMD compensation in the 10‐Gb/s transmission system is not necessary, but the PMD must be compensated in the 40‐Gb/s transmission system. We compensate it by using a short length of polarization maintain fiber (PMF), and obtain good results. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 40: 371–374, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.11385
A printed folded Koch monopole antenna for wireless devices
Authors: Tsachtsiris G. , Soras C. , Karaboikis M. , Makios V. 
Published: January 2004

AbstractA novel folded Koch monopole antenna printed over a wireless device's ground plane is presented. Due to its favorable characteristics, the element was further considered for the implementation of a two‐branch diversity system and proved to achieve a good diversity performance under both switched and combining schemes. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 40: 374–378, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.11386
Loss analysis of single‐mode fiber/photonic‐crystal fiber splice
Authors: Hoo Yeuk Lai , Jin Wei , Ju Jian , Ho Hoi Lut 
Published: January 2004

AbstractThe connection loss between single‐mode fiber and photonic crystal fiber (PCF) is analyzed by using a full‐vector finite‐element method. PCF parameters for achieving low loss connection (for example, less than 0.5 dB) are reported. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 40: 378–380, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.11387
Automatic image generation (AIG) technique for efficient and systematic multiresolution time‐domain (MRTD) analysis
Authors: Zhu Yanjie , Chen Yinchao , Yang Mingwu , Mittra Raj 
Published: January 2004

AbstractAlthough the multiresolution time‐domain (MRTD) scheme has excellent potential as a Maxwell solver, the numerical implementation of the time updating in this scheme in a region near an inhomogenous material interface, as well as the incorporation of boundary truncation on the shielded structure, is quite involved and prevents the extensive application of this method to complex geometries. In this paper we try to ease this computational burden, without sacrificing accuracy, by presenting a simplified version of the MRTD that employs a diagonal matrix approximation for material‐related MRTD matrices. Additionally, we develop an automatic image generation (AIG) technique to truncate a perfectly electric conductor (PEC) shield or a hybrid PEC‐open boundary for the image fields. The algorithm is validated for a number of shielded resonant cavity structures that are filled with different dielectric materials with varying sizes and orientations. It is found that the results presented in this work agree well with those obtained from analytical solutions and the application of the finite‐difference time‐domain (FDTD) method. The MRTD algorithm, presented herein, realizes considerable savings in memory and CPU time, in comparison to the conventional counterparts, while retaining the flexibility of the FDTD method. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 40: 380–386, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.11388
Mutual coupling compensation in narrowband small linear‐antenna arrays
Authors: Hossa R. , Bialkowski M. 
Published: January 2004

AbstractThis paper presents least squares (LS) and total least squares (TLS) method solutions to compensate mutual coupling effects in a small linear antenna array operating over a narrow frequency band. The validity of the two methods is verified by experimental results performed on a six‐element microstrip patch array operating in the 2.4‐GHz band. The obtained results prove the validity of the two methods and show the superiority of the TLS method over the LS method. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 40: 391–396, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.11390
A study on rectangular microstrip antenna with group of slots for compact operation
Authors: Vani R. M. , Farida S. F. , Hunagund P. V. 
Published: January 2004

AbstractThe compact configuration of a microstrip antenna can be realized by embedding suitable slots on the radiating patch. In this paper, a typical configuration of slots is studied by putting group of vertical slots near radiating edge with inset feed and the experimental results are presented. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 40: 396–398, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.11391
A new ultra‐wideband antenna for UWB applications
Authors: Choi Seok H. , Park Jong K. , Kim Sun K. , Park Jae Y. 
Published: January 2004

AbstractIn this paper, we propose a new ultra‐wideband (UWB) antenna for UWB applications. The proposed antenna is designed to operate from 3.2 to 12 GHz. It consists of a rectangular patch with two steps, a single slot on the patch, and a partial ground plane. Details of the proposed antenna design and measured results are presented and discussed. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 40: 399–401, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.11392
An electronically controlled transmission‐line phase shifter
Authors: Shin Chang‐Seok , Nevels Robert , Strieter Frederick , Biard J. Robert 
Published: January 2004

AbstractAn investigation of a microstrip transmission line in which a measure of electronic control over the wave propagation constant can be achieved is presented. The microstrip line is constructed with an adjustable‐width upper plate, obtained by placing a DC bias across the p+and n+strips in doped silicon. A change in the forward‐voltage bias across the silicon strip changes the current amplitude, which in turn affects a change in the conductivity of the silicon. This change in the conductivity of the silicon semiconductor produces a change in the effective width of the microstrip line, thus producing a phase shift in a high‐frequency signal propagating in the line. An electronically controlled transmission line (ECTL) has applications as a feed line for a traveling wave‐array antenna. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 40: 402–406, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.11393
Enhancement of Brillouin stokes powers in multiwavelength fiber laser utilizing band‐pass filter
Authors: Saharudin S. , Abdullah M. K. , Mahdi M. A. 
Published: January 2004

AbstractWe report an increased number of stokes when used with a band‐pass filter in multiwavelength Brillouin erbium‐doped fiber laser (BEFL). A total of 15 Stokes were achieved as compared with seven in a system without the band‐pass filter. The efficiency of generating Brillouin Stokes improved due to the suppression of out‐of‐band amplified spontaneous emission in the BEFL. The band‐pass filter provides a specific range of lasing window that coincide with the Brillouin pump signal. The flatness of the Brillouin stokes is also improved in the proposed design. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 40: 408–410, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.11395
Symbol rate and signal capture in LMDS systems
Authors: Cheng D. 
Published: January 2004

AbstractBased on the Monte‐Carlo simulation of frequency tolerance and drift parameters in the microwave local multipoint distribution service (LMDS) systems, the relationships among symbol rate, temperature variation, and signal capture probability are investigated. To guarantee 100% probability of signal capture, symbol rate limitations are presented. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 40: 418–420, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.11397
Multifrequency dielectric EBG antenna
Authors: Leger Ludovic , Granger Raphaël , Thevenot Marc , Monediere Thierry , Jecko Bernard 
Published: January 2004

AbstractThis paper describes how to design an electromagnetic band gap (EBG) resonator antenna to radiate directive patterns for multiple frequencies. The principle is explained and applied to a GSM/DCS antenna. A prototype which is smaller than the GSM/DCS antenna for ease of manufacture, is realized. The operating frequencies are 4.2 GHz and 7.4 GHz. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 40: 420–423, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.11398
Continuous hybrid approach to the modified resonant frequency calculation for circular microstrip antennas with and without air gaps
Authors: Günel Tayfun 
Published: January 2004

AbstractIn this work, a continuous hybrid approach (CHA) to the modified resonant frequency calculation for circular microstrip antennas with and without air gaps is presented. The results obtained by the CHA for different antenna dimensions and modes of resonance are compared with the experimental and theoretical results given in the literature. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 40: 423–427, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.11399