bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Searching for Action Research and Teaching
Authors: Friedland William H 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Although I came from a background of social consciousness, I missed the Great Depression (being too young) but grew up in its wake, an experience augmented by the rise of Nazism and fascism, the civil war in Spain, and the drama of the Roosevelt years. In high school I had an orientation toward social change, but my political consciousness was still unformed. At the same time, an inherent caution, as well as the geographical isolation of growing up in Staten Island (the most rural borough of New York City), precluded being captured by any of the radical political organizations and movements of the 1930s. Upon graduation from high school in January 1940, I was little interested in academic life, instead choosing to enter a small Lutheran college on Staten Island, where another new student, himself recently recruited to Trotskyism, brought me into his political orbit. World War II had recently begun, and I found myself recruited to a wing of Trotskyism, led by Max Shachtman, which rejected Trotsky’s unshakable commitment to the defense of the Soviet Union.
My Years in Antipoverty Research and Policy
Authors: Gans Herbert J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter is a partial account of my forty years in antipoverty research and policy. The story begins with my coming to America as a refugee in 1940 and becoming concerned with inequality a few years later. However, I required another fifteen years, as well as a sudden invitation to conduct research in a relatively poor community, to be truly gripped by American poverty. My subconscious may tell another story, but except for coming here as a poor thirteen-year-old, my research, writing, and other antipoverty activities have not been shaped significantly by my personal life. My work in this area has not really changed my personal life either, but in the academy, the boundary between work and personal life is fuzzy and porous to begin with. In any case, both my life and my work have been pushed and pulled to a great extent by events and by the larger agencies and forces that generated them. I was born in Cologne, Germany, and grew up in a comfortably middleclass, German-Jewish family, but in 1939 we left Nazi Germany with little more than our clothes.
Resisting Institutional Capture as a Research Practice
Authors: Smith Dorothy E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Until this women’s movement, I’d never noticed how deeply I was committed to an intellectual life outside myself. I became aware, along with other women of that time, that the intellectual and cultural world in which we had been active had no place for us as subjects. I had occupied a borrowed subjectivity that was essentially at odds with my existence as a woman, and my existence as a woman had no intellectual, political or institutional voice or consciousness. It is hard to describe how deep this alienation went. I only became aware of its depth in the process of finding out how to locate myself in what was alienated and starting from there. It was not a deliberate move, although it had its discipline. The process of unraveling the intellectual nets that trapped me could not be stopped once started. At the time, I thought of it as being in labor.
Musician, Sociologist, and Hearing Person: A Crisis of Identities
Authors: Alford Robert R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
I started taking piano lessons from my mother at the age of five and have been a serious amateur pianist all my life, mostly of chamber music. I have played most of the trios and quartets in the concert repertoire: Mozart, Beethoven, Schubert, Brahms, as well as Faure, Poulenc, and Copland. The high point of my pianistic career was playing-with considerable power and authority-Beethoven’s Second Piano Concerto with a Santa Cruz orchestra in 1988. Forty years ago I received my doctorate in sociology from the University of California at Berkeley. I taught first at the University of Wisconsin at Madison, then went to the University of California at Santa Cruz, and finally, in 1988, to the Graduate Center of the City University of New York. Research and teaching have been central in my life.
The Body of Knowledge
Authors: Reinharz Shulamit 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this chapter, I focus on several slippery questions: what is knowledge? Where does it come from? How do we recognize it? I consider these questions by describing two research projects, which were unusual from the start. They happened to me; I did not choose to do them. They began fortuitously, without warning, without plan. They began deep within my psyche and body because they dealt with silence, with missing pieces, with what is not there. They proceeded by making the missing visible; they ended by breaking the silence and reshaping what we know. Unexpectedly, I had a miscarriage at four months of gestation age in my first pregnancy. And similarly unexpectedly, this experience became an excellent topic through which to explore the sociology of knowledge. I underwent a miscarriage in 1973 when I was a twenty-six-year-old woman, already married for five years. My pregnancy was desired and planned.
Introduction
Authors: Rogers Nicholas 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In 1998, my partner and I decided to leave the tricksters at our door and venture downtown to the gay quarter of Toronto. For many years now, the gay parades to the St. Charles tavern, one of the highlights of Halloween in the 1970s, had disappeared; they had been displaced by the emergence of Gay Pride Day as a celebration of homosexual affirmation. In the last few years, the main Halloween action could be found on Yonge Street, where youthful revelers rocked cars that were locked in the traffic and paraded along the sidewalk to the honking of horns and the flashing of cameras. Witches, demons, devils, clowns, Draculas, and Frankenstein’s monsters all walked the walk, and, very occasionally, at the intersection of Church and Wellesley, in particular, one could catch a glimpse of Beauty and the Beast, or a meticulously dressed Marie Antoinette, on their way to a private party. But in 1998, the revelers were out in force for Masquer Aid. Two blocks of Church Street had been cordoned off, and the costumes glistened in the neon lights.
Festive Rites
Authors: Rogers Nicholas 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
If Samhain imparted to Halloween a supernatural charge and an intrinsic liminality, it did not offer much in the way of actual ritual practices, save in its fire rites. Most of these developed in conjunction with the medieval holy days of All Souls’ and All Saints’ Day. Within the history of Christian festivals, these holidays were comparatively late arrivals. Initially, the early Christians celebrated those martyred by the pagan emperors rather than the saints. In the fourth century this commemoration occurred on 13 May, but in the next century the observances of different churches diverged, with the Syrian churches holding their festival of the martyrs during Easter week and the Greeks on the Sunday after Pentecost, leaving only the Romans to hold to the original day in May. Festivals commemorating the saints as opposed to the original Christian martyrs appear to have been observed by . In England and Germany, this celebration took place on I November. In Ireland, it was commemorated on April, a chronology that contradicts the widely held view that the November date was chosen to Christianize the festival of Samhain.
Coming Over
Authors: Rogers Nicholas 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Halloween did not take firm root in North America until the nineteenth century. The Puritans of New England, like their counterparts in the old country, detested the holiday. Increase Mather, the rector of Harvard, approved of the ban on saints’ days and thought any holiday suffixed -mass, whether Hallowmass or even Christmas, to be an unnecessary concession to the Antichrist. His son, Cotton Mather, concurred. In this Zion in the wilderness, in this land of “Uprightness,” reveling holidays were out. Even to talk of specters and apparitions tended to smack of witchcraft, and superstitious souls who remembered the magic of Halloween were likely wary of making their feelings felt.
North American almanacs of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth century give no indication that Halloween was recognized as a holiday.
Razor in The Apple
Authors: Rogers Nicholas 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
If the 1920s saw the emergence of Halloween as a genuinely North American holiday and one that was becoming something of a boon for shopkeepers and manufacturers, there remained the nagging problem of just how wild it would be. The concerns voiced by the Montreal Gazette in 19m about the “unhallowed” character of Halloween were not ones that simply disappeared. In fact, the conventions of rascality that invigorated turn-of-the-century Halloween took a long time to die. While youngsters would dress up in fancy costumes and masquerade in the streets, visiting houses for various treats, their older brothers would indulge in a different kind of devilry. As the Star quite casually reported of one small town east of Toronto: “Hallowe’en spirit held full sway in Whitby last night. Many a citizen found his veranda furniture hanging from spikes on telephone poles, while a number of gates were removed and steps taken away.”
Stepping Ovt
Authors: Rogers Nicholas 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In 1983, a Washington journalist described the Halloween street parade at Georgetown, albeit in a campy style and with a profusion of mixed metaphors. “At Wisconsin and M,” he wrote,
in the belly of the blast, it was like an Easter parade of freaks . . . to say nothing of the flashers who offered outrageous peaks. As Washington staked its claim as San Francisco East, glitter and gloss were everywhere and the roar of the grease-paint and the swell of the crowd engulfed Georgetown, magically transpoofing it into an androgynous and anthropomorphic street fair. Men dressed as women; women dressed as men; . . . men and women dressed as things that could heal the sick, raise the dead and make little girls talk out of their heads. Acting out their most sublimated fantasies, strutting their stuff, whirring and purring like figurines on an elaborate cuckoo clock. As Butch said to Sundance, “Who are those guys?”
Master Hongyi Looks Back: A Modern Man Becomes a Monk in Twentieth-Century China
Authors: Birnbaum Raoul 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The story that I have to tell concerns the quiet dramas of one man’s life. This particular man was born in 1880, in the waning decades of the Qing dynasty, and he came of age as tremendous forces of change swept across China. Li Shutong—a stunningly talented and influential artist, writer, musician, actor, and educator—became famous in China as a “modern man,” but in 1918 at the height of this fame he altered his course to become a Buddhist monk, renamed Hongyi.1 By the time of his death in 1942, Chinese Buddhists considered Hongyi a towering figure in their modern history (Wg. 4.1). Among Buddhists, he was well known for his profound scholarship on Vinaya (monastic rules), but he was honored most especially for the depth of his religious practice. His artistic talents found particular expression in a unique style of brush writing, developed in his mature years, that ever since has been identified as quintessentially “Buddhist.” The center of my narrative focuses on Hongyi’s recollections of the pivotal years at midlife when he decided to “leave home” (become a monk). Since this chapter looks at his recollections, its subject also is self-representation reflections on one man’s experiences and the ways that he chose to express them. Hongyi’s story is neither typical nor representative. He was an extraordinary person in many ways, which is why memories of him linger sixty years after his death. Indeed, he remains well known in China far beyond Buddhist circles as an enigmatic and romantic Wgure of the near past.
The Making of the Western Lama
Authors: Cozort Daniel 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Tibetan Buddhism was virtually unknown outside of its Himalayan stronghold before the Chinese occupation of Tibet, which precipitated an exodus eventually numbering more than 100,000, including most of its prominent lamas. Almost immediately, Westerners began to1 find their ways to India and Nepal, to establish relationships with these teachers, and to invite them to travel and live in the West. In little more than forty years, this little known branch of the world’s quietest major religion has reached around the globe to establish a presence in nearly every major city and area of the West. Hundreds of thousands of Westerners are now involved in some way with Tibetan Buddhism, and while it may or may not eventually become a major religion in the West, it has become clear that there is only one major barrier to its further expansion: the emergence of a cadre of Western-born teachers. Even if there were enough qualiWed Tibetan teachers who were willing to live in the West (and there are not, given the rapid expansion of Tibetan Buddhism), there are many reasons that reliance on Tibetan teachers alone would impede the development of Tibetan Buddhism there. Tibetan lamas need Wnancial support that is beyond the means of many smaller Buddhist centers. They have their own problems dealing with life in a foreign place where they are often isolated from other Tibetans and by the language barrier.
Cardiac Troponin: Clinical Role in the Diagnosis of Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Apple Fred S , Jaffe Allan s. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The patient, a 63-year-old Caucasian female, was hospitalized on 4 April 2002 though 10 April 2002 for a non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (non-Q-wave MI per chart documentation). She had a negative adenosine stress test after the initial event. Her serum cardiac-specific troponin I (cTnI) concentration 24 hours after her onset of chest pain was 1.4 µg/L (upper limit of normal is 0.3 ng/mL), and her creatine kinase (CK) MB level was 12.5 µg/L (upper limit of normal 6.0 ng/mL). Three days post-event her cTnI level was 0.5 µg/L and her CK-MB level was 4.5 µg/L (Fig. 5-1). MB refers to one of the isoenzyme forms of CK found in serum. The form of the enzyme that occurs in brain (BB) does not usually get past the blood-brain barrier and therefore is not normally present in the serum. The MM and MB forms account for almost all of the CK in serum. Skeletal muscle contains mainly MM, with less than 2% of its CK in the MB form. MM is also the predominant myocardial creatine kinase and MB accounts for 10%–20% of creatine kinase in heart muscle.
Systemic Carnitine Deficiency: A Treatable Disorder
Authors: Brass Eric P , Paul Harbhajan S , Sekas Gail 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A 3.5-year-old boy presented to the emergency room with hypoglycemia. The patient’s history was remarkable for multiple episodes of altered consciousness resulting in hospital admissions since age 3 months. These episodes were characterized by depressed mental status or coma and hypoglycemia (blood glucose typically 15 mg/dL, normal 75–105 mg/dL). Seizure activity was noted on several admissions. On evaluation, the patient was consistently noted to have proximal muscle weakness, hepatomegaly, congestive heart failure, elevations of serum transaminases (aspartate aminotransferase [AST], and alanine aminotransferase [ALT]) to greater than 2000 IU/L (normal values 10–30 IU/L and 10–40 IU/L for AST and ALT, respectively) and elevated serum creatine phosphokinase to greater than 1500 IU/L (normal 175 IU/L).
Introduction
Authors: Sterba Christopher M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Private Abraham Krotoshinsky was in serious trouble on the night of October 7, 1918. A member of the famous “Lost Battalion” surrounded in the Argonne Forest, Krotoshinsky had made his way through enemy positions in a desperate attempt to find relief for his starving and casualty- ridden unit. By sprinting through machine-gun fire, inching along flat on his stomach, and even pretending to be a corpse, he had eluded capture for more than ten hours. “Then my real trouble began,” he recalled, as he neared American trenches.
Being Italian in the Yankee Division
Authors: Sterba Christopher M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
On September 9, 1917, the Italian members of the 102nd’s machine gun company sailed out of Hoboken, New Jersey. Like most soldiers of the American Expeditionary Force, which had no American fleet at its disposal, they made the crossing in a British vessel. Their transport was the S.S. Adriatic, a converted ocean liner that impressed the men with its deck guns and bizarre wartime camouflage.
“They Were Good Americans”
Authors: Sterba Christopher M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Private Harold Kalloch, an American-born member of the Yankee Division, received an unusual assignment as his unit took up combat positions for the first time. “We had Polish Americans, German and Italian Americans, about 40 in the battery,” Kalloch explained in a postwar questionnaire. “Just before we went to the front in April the Captain called me to his office. He told me to watch the Germans etc. and report to a major at the front.” Kalloch encountered nothing that was suspicious in the immigrants’ behavior.
Benevolent Capital: Financing Evangelical Book Publishing in Early Nineteenth-century America
Authors: Nord David Paul 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
By the late 1820s, the American Bible Society (ABS) had become a major force in religious evangelism, in book publishing, and in the national organization of philanthropy in America. So productive was its modem printing plant in New York and so extensive was its national network of auxiliary societies that in 1829 the society launched its first “general supply,” an audacious plan to place a Bible into the home of every family in the United States. For the managers of the society and its supporters, these were exhilarating, millennial times. But not everyone, not even all the members of the American Bible Society, were pleased. In 1830, a harshly critical pamphlet appeared, written by a disgruntled ABS member who believed that the society’s charitable mission had been betrayed by a cabal of self-aggrandizing managers whose true goals were not evangelism hut wealth, privilege, and power.
Introduction
Authors: Walbert David 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, the “Garden Spot of America,” is a place of contradictions. Since 1950 it has grown faster than almost any county in Pennsylvania, yet it retains a reputation as a rural oasis in a sprawling desert of modern cities and suburbs. Its population has doubled in the past forty years, making the Garden Spot a metropolitan area unto itself. Its agricultural productivity is highest of any nonirrigated county in the nation, yet local farmers wonder whether farming there has any future. The county’s second largest source of income is the tourists who arrive by the millions each summer to see its rural landscape, yet thousands of acres of that landscape are taken each year for housing developments and highways. Lancaster Countians face the same problems and challenges as residents of most American cities and regions at the turn of the twenty-first century: job growth, suburban sprawl, highway congestion, utility regulation, adjustment to changing demographics. Yet residents’ sense of place, their county’s reputation as the Garden Spot, and hundreds of millions of dollars a year from agriculture and tourism all depend on the continued existence of a people seemingly stuck in the seventeenth century, farmers who refuse electricity and telephones and use horses for transportation. And even those people, the Amish and Old Order Mennonites, face changes and pressures that threaten not only their image as America’s quintessential traditional farmers but also their own sense of identity as peaceable children of God.
Preserving The Garden: Development and Farm Preservation
Authors: Walbert David 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
“It’s a day in the country,” announced a tourist brochure in the early 1980s. “The fresh smell of grass and new-mown hay. Animals tranquilly grazing by the road-side. Farmers leading mule teams through the fields. Centuries-old homes nestled among even older stands of trees.... Away from bustling crowds and buses ... no rush, no hustle.” An advertisement for another Amish attraction, perhaps? Or a farmhouse bed-and-breakfast? Why, no: this was Lancaster County’s first Outlet Shopping Guide. Tourists could now shop at a brand new outlet center conveniently located in the heart of Amish country. Stores promised “super savings . . . and we mean real savings. Yes, Pennsylvania Dutch frugality touches our entire way of life. So rock-bottom prices mean savings galore for you on quality merchandise.” Amish appeal still drew crowds to the Garden Spot, and now it would sell coats and glassware, too. And after shopping all morning, tourists could drive just a few miles down the highway—if the traffic would part to let them through, that is—to see an authentic little red schoolhouse and have a slice of warm shoofly pie.
The High Cost of High-Exit Organizations: The Struggle to Organize American Workers
Authors: Kaufman Jason 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Labor historians almost unanimously agree that the Knights of Labor, the largest single labor organization in American history, held enormous promise as a means of unifying workers of different ethnic, religious, and racial backgrounds. They see it as a group that had genuine potential to create a viable working-class political coalition capable of forcing labor issues onto the national stage.1
Measuring Effectiveness
Authors: Yabroff K Robin , Mandelblatt Jeanne 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Decision models and cost-effectiveness analyses are most commonly developed to provide timely information to clinicians or health policy makers about the most likely impact of disease-prevention strategies in the absence of definitive studies. These models summarize the benefits and harms (and costs) of a prevention strategy in a single measure. They can be used to assess the impact of prevention strategies in reducing the development of disease, detecting disease earlier in its natural history when treatment
Quality of Life
Authors: Dasbach Erikj. , Teutschi Steven M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Improving health-related quality of life (QoL) is an important health-care goal. When evaluating health-care programs, accounting for QoL benefits is critical to demonstrating value. The literature on QoL measurement in health care is rich with instruments and applications. For the analyst faced with accounting for QoL benefits in a decision analysis, determining the best approach can be challenging. The purpose of this chapter is to provide guidance when incorporating QoL benefits into a decision analysis. Specifically, this chapter will focus on incorporating QoL benefits into economic evaluations. It will also discuss how QoL measures are used in other types of evaluation initiative such as clinical trials and population surveillance.