bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE NATURAL HISTORY OF OEDEMA DURING PREGNANCY
Authors: Robertson E. G. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryClinical evidence of oedema was found in 69 out of 83 women selected during early pregnancy as being healthy; 11 of the 83 developed some hypertension during late pregnancy. Measurements of body weight, leg volume, ankle circumference and finger size suggested that increased hydration of the tissues is likely to be universal in normal pregnancy.The patterns of clinical oedema, when present, were exceedingly variable. Cluster analysis was used to differentiate four broad categories: I, no clinical oedema; II, sporadic signs; III, late oedema; IV, early and persistent oedema. There was a statistically significant, but unexplained, difference of mean birthweights between cases with no or sporadic oedema (3416 g.), those with “late” oedema (3653 g.) and those with “early” oedema (3157 g.). These differences were not related to the occurrence of pre‐eclampsia.
A RAPID RADIOIMMUNOASSAY FOR HUMAN CHORIONIC SOMATOMAMMOTROPHIN
Authors: Letchworth A. T. , Boardman R. , Bristow Christine , Landon J. , Chard T. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA rapid radioimmunoassay for human chorionic somatomammotrophin has been developed which permits an individual plasma determination to be completed in one hour. It is based on the use of high concentrations of antibody and labelled hormone, which ensures equilibration within 15–20 minutes and eliminates the need for a preliminary plasma dilution step. Antibody‐bound and free peptide are separated in less than 10 minutes by the addition of two volumes of ethanol.
CONTINUOUS LUMBAR EPIDURAL ANALGESIA USING BUPIVICAINE: A STUDY OF THE FETUS AND NEWBORN CHILD
Authors: Noble A. D. , Craft I. L. , Bootes J. A. H. , Edwards P. A. , Thomas D. J. , Mills K. L. M. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA prospective trial compared 100 normal labouring women who had epidural analgesia with 102 similar women given conventional analgesia. Fetal welfare was assessed by five parameters. Statistical analysis of these parameters in the two groups shows that babies born to mothers who had epidural analgesia were in better condition.
CARDIOMYOPATHY AND RENAL FAILURE OCCURRING IN THE PUERPERIUM
Authors: Parsons Victor , Porter Andrew , Dische Frederick 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA fatal case of puerperal cardiomyopathy in a 28‐year‐old woman is described. Congestive cardiac failure with episodes of collapse and hypotension developed about a month after confinement. Acute renal tubular necrosis supervened, necessitating dialysis, and the patient died after a brief illness. Necropsy revealed granulomatous and eosinophilic myocarditis. The aetiology of the lesion was not established but there are grounds for suspecting that it was due to hypersensitivity to sulphamethoxypyridazine.
A SERIAL STUDY IN PREGNANCY OF THE PLASMA CONCENTRATIONS OF RENIN, CORTICOSTEROIDS, ELECTROLYTES AND PROTEINS AND OF HAEMATOCRIT AND PLASMA VOLUME
Authors: Weir R. J. , Paintin D. B. , Brown J. J. , Fraser R. , Lever A. F. , Robertson J. I. S. , Young J. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryFifteen pregnant women (including one with a twin conception) were studied at the 16th, 28th, 34th and 38th weeks of gestation.Blood pressure increased slightly in late pregnancy in 3 women, including the one with twins; the remainder had normal pregnancies throughout.Plasma concentrations of renin, electrolytes, haemoglobin and proteins, together with plasma volume, osmolality, colloid osmotic pressure and packed cell volume, were measured in all the women; plasma concentrations of aldosterone in 7; and plasma corticosterone and cortisol in 6.Between the 16th and the 38th weeks of gestation there was no significant change in the mean plasma electrolyte concentrations, osmolality, colloid osmotic pressure or haematocrit. Plasma volume increased markedly between the 16th and 34th weeks. The mean plasma protein concentration showed a significant rise between the 28th and 38th weeks.Plasma renin concentration was increased above the non‐pregnant range in most, but not all, of the women.Plasma aldosterone concentration was markedly increased in all measurements in each of the 7 women studied, the highest mean value being found at 16 weeks.With the exception of 3 of a total of 24 estimations, plasma corticosterone remained within the normal non‐pregnant range.Plasma cortisol was increased above the non‐pregnant range at 38 weeks in all the women studied; less consistent increases were found in earlier weeks.Multiple regression analysis revealed no significant correlation between any of the factors measured in the 12 women whose blood pressures remained normal throughout.
THE SEROMUCOID GLYCOPROTEIN SUB‐FRACTION IN PREGNANCY AND THE EARLY PUERPERIUM
Authors: Good W. , Hancock K. W. , Macdonald H. N. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryAn investigation has been made of the seromucoid glycoprotein subfraction in pregnancy and the early puerperium. The results show that the seromucoid concentration remains virtually constant for the first 28–30 weeks of pregnancy and increases slightly in the last 10–12 weeks. Allowing for the expansion of plasma volume, there is, therefore, a steady increase in the total amount of seromucoid with increasing maturity. After delivery the seromucoid level rises to about twice the average value in pregnancy.These findings are discussed in relation to immunological aspects of gestation and they are in keeping with the view that the mother lays down an immunological barrier between herself and the fetus.
PREGNANCY AFTER RUPTURE OF THE PREGNANT UTERUS
Authors: Ritchie Edgar H. 
Published: August 2005

SummarySince 1932 a total of 194 women who had 253 pregnancies after rupture of the pregnant uterus have been listed, including the 28 patients with 36 such pregnancies who are the subject of this report. Twenty‐five of the women (12·8 per cent) had a repeat rupture. Two patients died. The risk of repeated rupture is least if the scar is confined to the lower uterine segment; greater if the scar extends into the upper segment; and greatest in patients who have had previous rupture of a classical Caesarean section scar. The management of these patients is discussed in the light of these findings.
FOLEY CATHETER URETHROGRAPHY IN STRESS INCONTINENCE
Authors: Frewen W. K. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe technique of urethrography and its role in the diagnosis and management of stress incontinence is described. The significance of dilatation of the urethrovesical junction and the urethra in the aetiology of incontinence of urine in the female is discussed. It is suggested that Foley catheter urethrography should be part of urethrocystography in order to enhance the merit of the latter investigation. The purpose of the Foley catheter test and its clinical application, both in the preoperative and postoperative stages is illustrated.
URETHRAL LENGTH IN URINARY STRESS INCONTINENCE
Authors: Mitrani A. , Sharp M. , Zilberman A. , Singer J. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryIn 78 women with stress incontinence the urethral length was measured before and after urethro‐colporrhaphy. The urethral length was increased by 0·5–2·5 cm. and this procedure cured 88·5 per cent of patients. The urethral length before operation had no reaction to the prognosis.
THE VALUE OF FOLIC ACID SUPPLEMENTS IN PREGNANCY
Authors: Fletcher J. , Gurr A. , Fellingham F. R. , Prankerd T. A. J. , Brant H. A. , Menzies D. N. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryIn a double‐blind trial of folic acid supplements (5 mg. per day) during pregnancy‐no effects were seen in the incidence of anaemia or complications of pregnancy, although the serum folate levels were less abnormal in the treated group. Nor was evidence found that anaemia or serum folate levels determined the incidence of complications and the outcome of pregnancy. No justification for giving routine folate supplements to this population of patients was apparent.
IMMUNOGLOBULINS IN NORMAL PREGNANCY, PRE‐ECLAMPSIA AND PREGNANCY COMPLICATED BY THE NEPHROTIC SYNDROME
Authors: Studd J. W. W. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe immunoglobulins IgG, IgA, IgM and IgD have been measured serially in ten normal pregnancies by the Mancini method of immunodiffusion. A depression of IgG and IgA concentrations and elevation of IgD concentration was found. Eighteen patients with severe pre‐eclampsia and heavy proteinuria, and four patients with a proven diagnosis of nephrotic syndrome due to chronic glomerulo‐nephritis were also studied. In both protein‐losing conditions a depression of IgG and IgD was found. This is believed to be a result of “molecular sieving” of these globulins of intermediate size by the glomerular basement membrane into the urine.The biochemical and pathological similarity of pre‐eclampsia and nephrotic syndrome is discussed and a comparison is made to nephrotic syndrome produced by renal vein thrombosis.
CHANGES IN PLASMA SODIUM, POTASSIUM AND CHLORIDE CONCENTRATIONS IN PREGNANCY AND THE PUERPERIUM, WITH PLASMA AND SERUM OSMOLALITY
Authors: Macdonald H. N. , Good W. 
Published: August 2005

SummarySerial estimations of plasma sodium, potassium and chloride concentrations, with plasma and serum osmolality, have been made during pregnancy and the early puerperium. Both sodium and potassium concentration decrease until 28 weeks, after which both rise, potassium significantly so. Plasma chloride concentration and serum osmolality rise significantly from 10 to 37 weeks, but plasma osmolality falls below the serum value as pregnancy progresses, and this difference is significant at 37 weeks gestation. There are significant increases in plasma potassium and sodium concentrations and of both plasma and serum osmolality in the early puerperium, when plasma chloride concentration falls. The possible physiological significance of these findings is discussed. Plasma is preferred to serum for the estimation of osmolality during pregnancy.
SPINAL ANAESTHESIA BY THE OBSTETRICIAN
Authors: McNie T. McG. , Dudley AinsworthG. , Markham Sanford M. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryIn 12 years 2995 spinal anaesthetics were administered in one obstetric unit, 2854 of them for vaginal deliveries. In the latter the spontaneous delivery rate was 9 per cent and the operative delivery rate 89 per cent, the remainder being breech and twin deliveries. There was no maternal mortality, no permanent nerve injury, and the perinatal mortality was 11 per thousand total births.We regard low spinal anaesthesia as a safe and acceptable method of regional anaesthesia for vaginal delivery, which can be administered by any obstetrician who learns the details of the method. However, it is not a method to be used casually or as an emergency procedure only; to attain precision in its technique it must be practised regularly.
THE SIGNIFICANCE OF CALCIUM DEPOSITS OCCURRING ON INTRAUTERINE DEVICES
Authors: Howard Geraldine 
Published: August 2005

SummaryIntrauterine contraceptive devices were examined after removal from the uterus. The surfaces of the devices were roughened by a deposit consisting of mucopolysaccharide and calcium salts. The degree of roughness had no relationship to the menorrhagia of which some patients complained.
AN INDEX OF FETAL WELFARE IN LABOUR
Authors: Tipton Richard H. , Shelley Trevor 
Published: August 2005

SummaryAn index of fetal welfare in labour has been devised based upon the fetal basal heart rate, the dip area (Shelley and Tipton, 1971) and the presence or absence of meconium. This index appears to surpass other methods of predicting fetal outcome in labour.
STERILIZATION AND THROMBO‐EMBOLISM
Authors: Turner Gillian , Hooper N. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe incidence of thrombo‐embolism was 0.8 per cent after 743 postpartum tubal ligations but nil after 499 non‐puerperal sterilizations. The incidence of thrombo‐embolic complications after vaginal delivery without sterilization in 17 836 patients was 0.2 per cent. Although the differences are significant it is suggested that puerperal sterilization is justified in patients of high parity and low socio‐economic status because they are at greater risk from complications in a further pregnancy and are less likely to return for sterilization at another time.
ANDROGEN PATTERNS IN A CASE OF HILAR CELL HYPERPLASIA OF THE OVARY
Authors: MacRae D. J. , Willmott M. P. , Ismail A. A. A. , Love D. N. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryHilar cell hyperplasia of the ovaries, associated with high plasma and ovarian cyst‐fluid testosterone, was found in a postmenopausal woman presenting with hirsutism. Decrease in plasma testosterone levels are recorded after surgery.
ACUTE INTERMITTENT PORPHYRIA AND PREGNANCY
Authors: Hunter D. J. S. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe case of a woman with acute intermittent porphyria successfully completing her second pregnancy is described.Seventy‐two reported cases of acute intermittent porphyria complicated by pregnancy are reviewed. All but 5 of these patients suffered an attack during pregnancy. The mortality rate amongst primigravidae was 52 per cent, and in all cases 27 per cent.The severity of the disease during pregnancy is probably due to combination of the effect of pregnancy and injudicious administration of barbiturates. The mortality rate in pregnancy seems to be falling, probably due to an increasing awareness of the disease and its precipitating factors.
EMERGENCY MATERNAL EXCHANGE TRANSFUSION FOR SICKLE‐CELL ANAEMIA COMPLICATING TWIN PREGNANCY
Authors: Edwards R. F. , Saáry M. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA patient with sickle‐cell anaemia whose twin pregnancy was complicated by pre‐eclampsia and repeated sickling crises is described. Partial exchange transfusion of the mother at 34 weeks gestation achieved a marked reduction of haemoglobin‐S. After premature onset of labour, live twins were delivered by Caesarean section within 24 hours of exchange transfusion. Some aspects of management are discussed, and the literature is briefly reviewed.
HEMIPLEGIC MIGRAINE ASSOCIATED WITH MENSTRUATION
Authors: Sood Satya V. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe following report describes a case of pre‐menstrual migraine which steadily worsened until it caused repeated attacks of hemiparesis and later hemiplegia. There was no recurrence after total hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo‐oöphorectomy.
CHANGES IN PLASMA OESTRIOL CONCENTRATION ASSOCIATED WITH THE ONSET OF LABOUR
Authors: Masson G. M. , Klopper A. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe concentration of unconjugated oestriol, of oestriol glucosiduronate and of oestriol sulphate was measured by a radioimmunoassay technique in the plasma of five normal primigravidae before and during labour. The only consistent changes in the concentration of any of oestriol fractions was a tendency for the concentration of unconjugated oestriol to rise to a peak immediately before the onset of labour.
MATERNAL PLASMA OESTROGEN AND PROGESTERONE LEVELS DURING THERAPEUTIC ABORTION INDUCED BY INTRA‐AMNIOTIC INJECTION OF PROSTAGLANDIN F2α
Authors: Symonds E. M. , Fahmy D. , Morgan C. , Roberts G. , Gomersall C. R. , Turnbull A. C. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryPlasma 17β‐oestradiol, total unconjugated oestrogens and progesterone levels were measured in ten patients in the second trimester of pregnancy who were undergoing abortion by intra‐amniotic injection of prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α). The correlation between total unconjugated plasma oestrogens and 17β‐oestradiol was highly significant (r =+0.92; p<0.001). A similar positive correlation between total unconjugated plasma oestrogen and progesterone was observed (r =+0.66; p<0.001). The concentration of these steroids in samples, taken at intervals during normal pregnancy, showed considerable variation. Following administration of PGF2α no consistent change was seen in plasma steroid concentrations until after delivery of the fetus and placenta. PGF2α therefore appears to have no direct effect on oestrogen and progesterone biosynthesis and may act principally by direct stimulation of myometrial contractility.
LYMPHOCYTE RESPONSE TO PHYTOHAEMAGGLUTIN IN PREGNANCY
Authors: Watkins Sylvia M. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryPhytohaemagglutin‐induced responsiveness of the lymphocytes from non‐pregnant healthy women and from women at all stages of normal pregnancy was studied. There was no significant difference between the two groups. The implications of this finding in relation to the ability of the mother to tolerate her antigenically foreign fetus are discussed.
THE VARIATION OF NEUTROPHIL ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE DURING THE MENSTRUAL CYCLE
Authors: Cochrane P. , Weatherall D. J. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe variation of neutrophil alkaline phosphatase (N.A.P.) activity during the menstrual cycle was investigated in 9 normal females, 7 females taking various oral contraceptives, and an infertile female receiving gonadotrophin therapy. The day to day variation of N.A.P. values in 2 males and the range of values in 272 normal adults and 72 pregnant women were also determined. Adult females have a significantly higher N.A.P. value than males. Normal females show two physiological peaks of N.A.P. activity during the menstrual cycle, the first at ovulation, and a second in the luteal phase. The variation of N.A.P. in the menstrual cycle is probably related to fluctuating oestrogen levels. In most cases these peaks are not affected by oral contraceptive administration which is often associated with high enzyme levels as in pregnancy. The N.A.P. response varies with different oral contraceptives. The present study provides further evidence that combined oral contraceptive preparations do not always inhibit ovulation. Daily N.A.P. estimations should prove useful in the assessment of menstrual function, and the investigation of infertility.
THE VALUE OF URINARY OESTRIOL ESTIMATION IN PREDICTING DYSMATURITY
Authors: Barnard W. P. , Logan R. W. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe use of an automated method of urinary oestriol determination in pregnancy has enabled an assessment of the value of such estimations in predicting the presence of dysmaturity. Single oestriol measurements early in the third trimester are shown to be of little value in the detection of dysmaturity. The presence or absence of a rising trend in oestriol results is a more reliable index of the occurrence of dysmaturity. For any given urinary oestriol excretion within the period considered the probability of dysmaturity is shown.
SERUM LIPIDS AND FIBRINOLYTIC ACTIVITY IN PREGNANT AFRICAN, ASIAN AND EUROPEAN WOMEN IN UGANDA
Authors: Damani P. , Macintosh D. , Patel Ila , Patel Hansa , Stafford W. L. , Shaper A. G. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryFibrinolytic activity is known to be markedly diminished during pregnancy. Blood lipids are also significantly altered during pregnancy but to a different extent in different ethnic groups in Uganda. A study of fibrinolytic activity and blood lipids in African, Asian and European women (non‐pregnant and pregnant) showed no relationship between the changes in these two parameters and did not suggest that altered blood lipid levels are responsible for abnormal fibrinolytic activity in pregnancy.
HAEMOGLOBIN AND HAEMATOCRIT VALUES IN PREGNANT WOMEN ON A HIGH IRON INTAKE AND LIVING AT A HIGH ALTITUDE
Authors: Ross S. M. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryLow haemoglobin levels were found to be very uncommon in 497 pregnant women living at 2500 metres above sea level, despite the fact that 37 per cent of them were desperately poor. The explanation for this may be their unusually high iron intake but a less than normal increase in plasma volume or a greater than normal increase in red cell mass among the underprivileged women could be contributory factors.
FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH THE OCCURRENCE OF STRIAE GRAVIDARUM
Authors: Davey C. M. H. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA scoring system was used to study the occurrence of abdominal striae gravidarum in a group of 74 primiparae during the puerperium. The striae score was correlated with maternal age, height, weight, weight gain, abdominal skinfold thickness and with the birthweight of the infant. Striae were less common when birthweight was low and more common in the heavier, fatter women. The prophylactic use of olive oil to massage the abdomen was associated with a low incidence of striae.
OVARIAN TERATOMA WITH INTRA‐ABDOMINAL DISSEMINATION
Authors: Garden Anne S. , Best Philip V. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA report is given of a patient, aged 42 years, with peritoneal dissemination from an ovarian teratoma composed of tissues which were predominantly well‐differentiated although many were immature. More than 10 kg. of tumour was formed over a period of about nine months. Tissue maturity in the teratoma was more advanced and the amount of embryonic elements relatively less at the time of autopsy than in the surgical specimen removed seven months earlier. Repeated surgical excision of recurrences may be the best form of treatment for this type of tumour.
VARIATION IN LH AND FSH RESPONSE TO LH‐RELEASING HORMONE DURING THE MENSTRUAL CYCLE
Authors: Nillius Sven Johan , Wide Leif 
Published: August 2005

SummarySynthetic luteinizing hormone‐releasing hormone (LRH) was injected intravenously in a dose of 100 μg. to test the capacity of the pituitary to respond to LRH with a release of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH) in 16 healthy regularly menstruating women. A total of 28 LRH tests were performed during different stages of the menstrual cycle. Venous blood was obtained before and at frequent intervals during the first two hours after the LRH injection and assayed for LH, FSH and in five tests also for thyrotrophic (TSH) and growth hormone (GH). No consistent change of TSH or GH was observed after LRH. In all the 28 LRH tests there was a significant increase of LH and in tests also of FSH. The mean LH and FSH increase was 292 and 40 per cent, respectively. The maximum response was usually observed after 30 to 45 minutes. There was a pronounced variation in the response to LRH in the course of the menstrual cycle. During the late follicular phase the average LH response was 4‐ to 6‐fold that obtained in the early and mid‐follicular phase. An increased pituitary responsiveness was also found in the luteal phase. It was suggested that this variation in the response to LRH is due to the changes of the ovarian secretion of oestrogens during the menstrual cycle. In one amenorrhoeic woman exogenous oestrogen was found to enhance the LH response to LRH.
ENZYMES IN AMNIOTIC FLUID: A STUDY OF SPECIFIC ACTIVITY PATTERNS DURING PREGNANCY
Authors: Sutcliffe R. G. , Brock D. J. H. , Robertson J. G. , Scrimgeour J. B. , Monaghan J. M. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe specific activity patterns of a group of enzymes were studied in the supernatants of amniotic fluid obtained between 10 weeks of gestation and term. A number of different patterns were found. α‐l,4‐Glucosidase showed a peak in specific activity between 13 and 18 weeks of gestation. Heat‐labile alkaline phosphatase had an early peak of specific activity which was similar to that of α‐l,4‐glucosidase and, in addition, a specific activity peak after 37 weeks. Acid phosphatase showed a peak of specific activity after 32 weeks. Hexosaminidase remained unchanged during most of pregnancy, although the lowest levels were found before 14 weeks. Finally, placental alkaline phosphatase showed a gradual increase in specific activity between 10 and 30 weeks, after which time a more rapid increase occurred. Expression of the results on a protein basis led to an exaggeration of the specific activity peaks in early and late gestation. The significance of the results is discussed in the context of their possible use for the estimation of fetal maturity.
AMNIOTIC FLUID CREATININE: AN UNRELIABLE INDEX OF FETAL MATURITY
Authors: Foulds J. W. , Pennock C. A. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryAmniotic fluid creatinine was measured in 306 samples. There was a wide scatter of values at each week of gestation, and although there was a tendency for the levels to rise with increasing gestational age the scatter was so wide and so much overlap occurred that the method must be regarded as unreliable for estimating maturity in clinical practice.