bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk factors for drug‐induced gingival overgrowth
Authors: Seymour R. A. , Ellis J. S. , Thomason J. M. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBackground/Aims: Drug‐induced gingival overgrowth remains a significant problem for the periodontologist. Many patients medicated with the drugs implicated in this unwanted effect experience significant, recurrent gingival problems that require repeated surgical excisions. In this review, we attempt to identify and quantify the various “risk factors” associated with both the development and expression of the drug‐induced gingival changes.Method: The risk factors appraised include age, sex, drug variables, concomitant medication, periodontal variables and genetic factors. Elucidation of such factors may help to identify “at risk patients” and then develop appropriate treatment strategies.Results: Of the factors identified, the only one that can be affected by the periodontologist is the patents' periodontal condition. However, drug variables and concomitant medication do impact upon the expression of gingival overgrowth.Conclusion: The identificatioin of risk factors associated with both the prevalence and severity of drug‐induced gingival overgrowth is important for all parties involved with this unwanted effect. Both periodontologist and patient have an important rôle to play in improving oral hygiene and gingival health. Likewise, there is always an opportinity to establish a close liaison between the patient's physician and the periodontologist to try and identify alternative drug regimens that can help reduce the impact of this unwanted effect.
Rehabilitation of a periodontal patient with rapidly progressing marginal alveolar bone loss: 1‐year follow‐up
Authors: Sewón Liisi A. , Ampula Liisa , Vallittu Pekka K. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBackground: The present case report describes a 1‐year follow‐up of functional rehabilitation of a young periodontal patient with severely advanced, rapidly progressing marginal bone loss treated by using a new splinting material, i.e., glass fiber‐reinforced composite (FRC). Apart from one single tooth, the young man had retained all his natural teeth.Treatment:Periodontal treatment was based on cleaning and root planing enabled by partial‐thickness‐flap operations. This method was selected to avoid further damage to the remaining alveolar bone. After healing for 6 months, a cavity retained internal FRC splint was constructed and 1 missing lower molar was replaced by an inlay‐retained FRC resin‐bonded fixed partial denture (FPD). A 12 months follow‐up period revealed a healthy periodontium and good functional and esthetic results.Conclusions: The new material allows the use of periodontal treatment methods instead of prosthetic alternatives, which until now have been a more generally used approach in the treatment of severely advanced periodontal cases. Internal fiber‐reinforced composit splinting being affordable for the patient, easy for the clinician to construct and giving good esthetic and functional results, suggests that the method may be a valuable aid in periodontal treatment.
Interleukin‐1 and IL‐1 receptor antagonist in gingival crevicular fluid
Authors: Rawlinson Andrew , Dalati Mohammed Hani Nouri , Rahman Shamim , Walsh Trevor F. , Fairclough Angela L. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBackground/aims: This study aimed to investigate the cytokine IL‐1β and its receptor antagonist IL‐1ra in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), in patients with adult periodontitis.Method: A total of 40 GCF samples were harvested from 10 subjects with moderate to severe adult periodontitis and 10 healthy controls. Subjects were selected from both genders, with all the upper anterior teeth present, and with no relevant systemic illness, pregnancy or recent medication. All subjects were non‐smokers and had not received any periodontal therapy within the preceding 3 months. Deep bleeding sites, deep non‐bleeding sites and healthy sites were investigated in relation to upper anterior teeth. Clinical measurements were recorded for each site, after obtaining a GCF sample. IL‐1β and IL‐1ra were quantified using new commercially available ELISA kits (QuantikineTM), and could be detected in all samples.Results: The mean concentration for IL‐1β was 0.11 (SD 0.14) pg/μl for bleeding periodontitis sites, 0.04 (0.05) pg/μl for non‐bleeding periodontitis sites, and 0.01 (0.03) pg/μl for healthy sites (p<0.001). In contrast, the mean concentration for IL‐1ra was 6.99 (9.78) pg/μl for healthy sites, 0.59 (0.44) pg/μl for non‐bleeding periodontitis sites, and 0.44 (0.36) pg/μl for bleeding periodontitis sites (p<0.001, except for comparisons between bleeding and non‐bleeding periodontitis sites, p>0.05). For healthy sites, a strong inverse relationship was found between IL‐1β and IL‐1ra levels in GCF.Conclusions: The results suggest a strong relationship between the severity of adult periodontitis and the increasing GCF levels of IL‐1β and decreasing levels of IL‐1ra.
Disease progression in periodontally treated and untreated patients – a retrospective study
Authors: Kocher Thomas , König Jörgen , Dzierzon Uwe , Sawaf Hassem , Plagmann Hans‐Christian 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBackground, aims: The aim of this retrospective study was to assess the effect of regular supportive periodontal treatment on disease progression in patients with moderate to advanced periodontitis.Method: We compared radiographic change of interdental bone level and number of teeth at 2 time points in 3 patient groups (mean age 46 years): group A, periodontally untreated patients (n=14) who dropped out during initial therapy; group B, non‐compliant patients (n=26), who discontinued supportive periodontal therapy after ca. 2 years of maintenance; group C, compliant patients (n=27), who regularly attended the maintenance program for 7 years. Periodontal treatment was performed as scaling and root planing or flap surgery in groups B and C. All 3 groups were re‐examined ca. 7 years after the initial examination.Results: Patients in group A lost 3.8 teeth (0.5 teeth/year), those in group B 3.2 (0.4 teeth/year), and in group C, patients lost 2.0 teeth (0.2 teeth/year). About half of the patients lost no teeth (group A 43%, B 42%, C 55 %), and only 17 subjects lost more than 3. At the 2nd examination, an increase in interdental bone was found only in group C (+0.13 mm), while groups A and B lost 0.57 mm and 0.31 mm of alveolar bone level, respectively (p<0.05 group C versus A and B).Conclusions: Systematic periodontal treatment stops interdental bone loss and decreases the rate of tooth loss in most cases. Periodontal surgery without regular follow‐up care cannot prevent further periodontal destruction, but it can delay it.
Morphology, chemical structure and diffusion processes of root surface after Er:YAG and Nd:YAG laser irradiation
Authors: Gašpirc B. , Skalerič U. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractObjectives: The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effects of Er:YAG and Nd:YAG lasers on morphology, chemical structure and diffusion processes of the root surface.Material and methods: 60 root samples were irradiated for 1 min each either with 60 mJ/p, 80mJ/p and 100mJ/p using Er:YAG laser or with 0.5W, 1.0W and 1.5W using Nd:YAG laser. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to determine the morphology, infrared (IR) spectroscopy to assess the alterations in chemical structure and one dimensional electron paramagnetic resonance imaging (1‐D EPRI) was used to estimate the diffusion coefficients in dental root samples.Results: Er:YAG laser treatment resulted in deep crater formation with exposed dentin. Morphological alterations of root surface after Nd:YAG laser irradiation included cracks, crater formation, meltdown of the root mineral and resolidified porous globules formation. Er:YAG laser failed to alter the intensity of Amide peaks I, II or III. In contrast, treatment with Nd:YAG laser, using the highest power setting of 1.5W, reduced the intensity of Amide peak II and III in comparison to the control. The diffusion coefficients were increased significantly in all Er:YAG and Nd:YAG treated root samples.Conclusion: This study demonstrated that Er:YAG laser influences only on morphology and diffusion processes of root surfaces, while Nd:YAG laser also alters the chemical structure of root proteins.
Initial outcome and long‐term effect of surgical and non‐surgical treatment of advanced periodontal disease
Authors: Serino G. , Rosling B. , Ramberg P. , Socransky S. S. , Lindhe J. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractAim: A clinical trial was performed to determine (i) the initial outcome of non‐surgical and surgical access treatment in subjects with advanced periodontal disease and (ii) the incidence of recurrent disease during 12 years of maintenance following active therapy.Material and Methods: Each of the 64 subjects included in the trial showed signs of (i) generalized gingival inflammation, (ii) had a minimum of 12 non‐molar teeth with deep pockets (6 mm) and with 6 mm alveolar bone loss. They were randomly assigned to 2 treatment groups; one surgical (SU) and one non‐surgical (SRP). Following a baseline examination, all patients were given a detailed case presentation which included oral hygiene instruction. The subjects in SU received surgical access therapy, while in SRP non‐surgical treatment was provided. After this basic therapy, all subjects were enrolled in a maintenance care program and were provided with meticulous supportive periodontal therapy (SPT) 3–4 times per year. Sites that at a recall appointment bled on gentle probing and had a PPD value of 5 mm were exposed to renewed subgingival instrumentation. Comprehensive re‐examinations were performed after 1, 3, 5 and 13 years of SPT. If a subject between annual examinations exhibited marked disease progression (i.e., additional PAL loss of 2 mm at 4 teeth), he/she was exited from the study and given additional treatment.Results: It was observed that (i) surgical therapy (SU) was more effective than non‐surgical scaling and root planing (SRP) in reducing the overall mean probing pocket depth and in eliminating deep pockets, (ii) more SRP‐treated subjects exhibited signs of advanced disease progression in the 1–3 year period following active therapy than SU‐treated subjects.Conclusion: In subjects with advanced periodontal disease, surgical therapy provides better short and long‐term periodontal pocket reduction and may lead to fewer subjects requiring additional adjunctive therapy.
Relative effectiveness of powered and manual toothbrushes in elderly patients with implant‐supported mandibular overdentures
Authors: Tawse‐Smith A. , Duncan W. J. , Payne A. G. T. , Thomson W. M. , Wennström J. L. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractAim: The aim of this study was to compare the clinical effectiveness of a powered toothbrush (Braun Oral‐B Plaque Remover 3‐D) and a manual soft toothbrush (Oral‐B Squish‐grip brush) for the control of supragingival plaque and soft tissue inflammation around implants supporting mandibular overdentures.Material and methods: The study sample involved 40 edentulous subjects, aged 55–80 years, having 2 unsplinted mandibular implants supporting a complete removable overdenture opposed by a maxillary complete denture. In this single‐blinded, randomised, cross‐over clinical trial, two 6‐week experimental phases were separated by a 2‐week wash‐out period. 2 weeks prior to each experimental phase (pre‐entry visits), implant abutments were polished to remove all plaque and a standardised instruction in the use of the toothbrush was given. Modified plaque and bleeding indices were recorded at the start and end of each experimental period. Mean index scores at each phase were analysed using paired t‐test, and the mean number of sites showing a change in plaque or mucositis were compared using the Mann‐Whitney U‐test. Combined data from 2 different implant systems were considered after controlling for implant type.Results: Only minor changes in plaque and bleeding scores were observed following the two test periods. There were no statistically significant differences between the manual and powered toothbrushes.Conclusion: Manual and powered brushes were found to be of comparable efficacy with regard to improvement in peri‐implant bleeding and plaque indices.
Treatment of Papillon‐Lefèvre syndrome periodontitis
Authors: Pacheco J. J. , Coelho C. , Salazar F. , Contreras A. , Slots J. , Velazco C. H. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBackground, aims: Conventional mechanical treatment of Papillon‐Lefèvre syndrome periodontitis has a poor prognosis. This report describes an effective antimicrobial treatment of rapidly progressing periodontitis in an 11‐year old girl having Papillon‐Lefèvre syndrome.Method: Clinical examination included conventional periodontal measurements and radiographic analysis. Occurrence of major suspected periodontopathic bacteria was determined by selective and non‐selective culture and by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) identification. Presence of cytomegalovirus and Epstein‐Barr type 1 virus was determined by a nested‐PCR detection method. Therapy included scaling and root planing, oral hygiene instruction, and systemic amoxicillin‐metronidazole therapy (250 mg of each/3 times daily/10 days) which, based on follow‐up microbiological testing, was repeated after 4 months. Supportive periodontal therapy took place at 2 visits during a 16‐month period.Results: At baseline, 10 of 22 available teeth demonstrated severe periodontal breakdown. At 16 months, probing and radiographic measurements revealed no teeth with additional attachment loss, and several teeth exhibited significant reduction in gingivitis and pocket depth, increase in radiographic alveolar bone height and clinical attachment level, and radiographic evidence of crestal lamina dura. Baseline subgingival microbiota included Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans (3.4% of total isolates), Prevotella nigrescens (16.4%), Fusobacteriumnucleatum (14.3%) and Peptostreptococcus micros (10.6%), as well as cytomegalovirus and Epstein‐Barr type 1 virus. At termination of the study, culture and PCR examinations showed absence of A. actinomycetemcomitans,P. micros and herpesviruses, and P. nigrescens and F.nucleatum each comprised less than 0.1 % of subgingival isolates.Conclusion: This study suggests that controlling the periodontopathic microbiota by appropriate antibiotic and conventional periodontal therapy can arrest Papillon‐Lefèvre syndrome periodontitis.
Periodontal diseases in the child and adolescent
Authors: Oh Tae‐Ju , Eber Robert , Wang Hom‐Lay 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBackground: Periodontal diseases are among the most frequent diseases affecting children and adolescents. These include gingivitis, localized or generalized aggressive periodontitis (a.k.a., early onset periodontitis which includes generalized or localized prepubertal periodontitis and juvenile periodontitis) and periodontal diseases associated with systemic disorders. The best approach to managing periodontal diseases is prevention, followed by early detection and treatment.Methods: This paper reviews the current literature concerning the most common periodontal diseases affecting children: chronic gingivitis (or dental plaque‐induced gingival diseases) and early onset periodontitis (or aggressive periodontitis), including prepubertal and juvenile periodontitis. In addition, systemic diseases that affect the periodontium and oral lesions commonly found in young children are addressed. The prevalence, diagnostic characteristics, microbiology, host‐related factors, and therapeutic management of each of these disease entities are thoroughly discussed.
Prevalence of aggressive periodontitis in school attendees in Uganda
Authors: Albandar Jasim M. , Muranga Munanura B. , Rams Thomas E. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractAim: The prevalence and severity of early onset periodontitis (EOP) among students attending secondary schools in two regions of Uganda was studied.Material and methods: 690 students (393 males and 297 females) aged 12–25 years (mean 17 years), representing a range of tribal groups, were recruited from six schools in the peri‐urban Central and rural Western regions of Uganda. The study subjects were clinically examined in field conditions by a single calibrated examiner to measure gingival recession and probing depth at six sites per tooth, with subsequent calculation of clinical periodontal attachment level for each site. Subjects exhibiting ≥ 4 mm of clinical periodontal attachment loss at approximal surfaces of one or more teeth were classified with EOP. A structured written questionnaire obtained demographic characteristics of the study subjects.Results: 199 (28.8%) study subjects showed clinical features of EOP, of which 16 (2.3%) subjects exhibited generalized EOP, 29 (4.2%) localized EOP, and 154 (22.3%) incidental EOP. The percentage of EOP‐affected males was significantly higher than females (33.8% vs. 22.2%, P < 0.001). EOP prevalence tended to increase with increasing age, but no association was found between EOP prevalence and socioeconomic status or residency in urban vs. rural areas of Uganda. Molars and mandibular incisors generally demonstrated the highest occurrence of ≥ 4 mm attachment loss. Clinical periodontal attachment loss of ≥ 5 mm was mainly seen at first molars and incisors, suggesting that these two tooth types are first affected with attachment loss. Approximal tooth surfaces showed greater probing depth and attachment loss than buccal and lingual surfaces. Gingival recession was most prevalent at mandibular anterior teeth, whereas gingival margin coronal to CEJ was most frequently observed at second molars and maxillary incisors. Conclusion: A relatively high prevalence of EOP (28.8%) was found in young Ugandan school attendees, with 6.5% of these showing severe disease. EOP in Uganda was significantly more prevalent in males than females, and most frequently characterized by approximal involvement of molars and mandibular incisors. Etiologic and predisposing factors associated with the high occurrence of EOP in Uganda, as well as therapeutic and preventive measures of the disease in this population, remain to be delineated.
Exposure to fluoridated drinking water and dental caries experience in Australian army recruits, 1996
Authors: Hopcraft Matthew Scott , Morgan Michael Vivian 
Published: March 2003

Abstract –Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate a group of young Australian adults to determine their caries experience and measure associations between caries experience and age, gender, socioeconomic status, education level and lifetime exposure to fluoridated water.Methods: This was achieved through a cross‐sectional study involving Australian Army recruits seen for their initial dental examination on enlistment into the Australian Army. A total of 499 recruits had a clinical examination with the aid of bitewing radiographs and an orthopantomograph (OPG). Sociodemographic and fluoride exposure data were obtained via a questionnaire.Results: This study showed that subjects with a lifetime exposure to fluoridated water reported a 23% lower level of caries experience than subjects with no exposure to fluoridated water, with a greater effect on proximal surfaces compared to smooth and occlusal surfaces. Female subjects had a level of caries experience 25% higher than male subjects, while subjects from the lowest socioeconomic background had a level of caries experience 89% times greater than subjects from the highest socioeconomic group.Conclusions: Although it is not possible to directly establish a causal relationship from a cross‐sectional study such as this, the results from this study show a dose–response relationship which suggests that there are benefits of lifetime exposure to fluoridated drinking water through young adulthood.
The histologic spectrum of epidermodysplasia verruciformis in transplant and AIDS patients
Authors: Morrison Carl , Eliezri Yehuda , Magro Cynthia , Nuovo Gerard J. 
Published: March 2003

Background: The purpose of this study was to correlate the histologic findings of skin lesions clinically suspicious for epidermodysplasia verruciformis with the viral findings in patients with organ transplants or AIDS.Methods:  Thirty‐seven skin biopsies from 17 patients (six with AIDS and 11 with transplants) were studied as a non‐randomized, controlled, unblinded case series by in situ hybridization for HPV DNA.Results:  Nineteen (51%) of these biopsies were HPV‐positive by in situ hybridization either for HPV type 5 (five cases), type 8 (10 cases), type 16 (four cases) or HPV 31 (one case, with one case of dual infection). Only eight of the 19 HPV‐positive tissues (42%) showed the classic histologic features of verruca planae. The more common histologic feature significantly associated with HPV detection was a focally thickened and disrupted granular layer (13/19 [68%] vs. 8/18 [44%], p < 0.04). Dysplasia was evident in 12/19 HPV‐positive tissues (63%), which was significantly greater than in patients with congenital epidermodysplasia verruciformis (20%).Conclusions:  Oncogenic HPV types are detected in about one‐half of skin biopsies from immunocompromised patients with a clinical presentation suspicious for epidermodysplasia verruciformis. Many of these lesions lack the histologic features of verruca planae, a focally thickened granular layer is a marker for viral detection, and the risk for dysplasia in such lesions is much higher than in epidermodysplasia verruciformis not associated with acquired immunosuppression.
Clinical decision‐making in restorative dentistry. Content‐analysis of diagnostic thinking processes and concurrent concepts used in an educational environment
Authors: Maupomé Gerardo , Sheiham Aubrey 
Published: March 2003

Context:Dental practice is affected by variation in diagnosis and treatment planning between clinicians. The process underlying the decisions leading to management of dental caries is poorly understood.Objective: To explore diagnostic thinking and identify information used in the diagnosis, management and treatment of caries.Subjects/materials:15 senior dental students (mean age, 23.1 years; 66% female) in Mexico City were interviewed using a Simulated Patient Model (SPM).Methods:The SPM consultation session and its review, aimed at eliciting an introspective recall description of the Diagnostic Thinking Processes (DTP) and the pieces of information (concepts) employed, were transcribed and content‐analyzed (CA). CA reproducibility coefficients were 0.53 to 0.64. The cognitive psychology Gale & Marsden (GM) model was used to structure DTP and concepts. Data were analyzed with chi‐squared tests.Results: DTP utilization was similar to the original report in endocrinology and neurology cases. A wide variety of concepts were combined with DTP to describe the strategies and information preferentially resorted to while addressing four areas identified in the consultation.Conclusions: Narrow arrays of concepts of restorative concern (mostly physical features present in/on teeth) were often investigated using DTP 1, 2 and 4 in combination with the use of dental explorers. The heuristics detected link features common to the GM model and to an indirect pattern‐recognition model, whereby reliance on visual/tactile concepts facilitates the acquisition of a clinically meaningful image. Non‐clinical factors believed to be at play in the application of strategies were not investigated but were controlled for in the SPM.