bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pantarsal arthrodesis in dogs and a cat: 11 cases (1983–1991)
Authors: DeCamp Charles E. , Martinez Steven A. , Johnston Spencer A. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Bone plates applied to the cranial surfaces of the tibia, the tarsus, and the metatarsus were used in 10 dogs and 1 cat that underwent pantarsal arthrodesis. Lengthening plates were used in 7 dogs, and 2.7- and 3.5-mm dynamic compression plates were used in the remaining dogs and the cat. Radiography was used to determine whether bone plates became loose or broke, and whether the joint fused completely.
Bone plates became loose in 5 dogs; mean time between surgery and development of radiographic evidence of plate loosening was 19.4 months. The bone plate used in the cat broke 4 months after surgery. Overall, 9 of 11 animals had evidence of complete bony fusion of the tarsus at the time of the last radiographic evaluation. One dog had incomplete healing of the talocalcaneocentral joint and another dog had incomplete healing of the tarsometatarsal joint.
Intralesional implant for treatment of primary oral malignant melanoma in dogs
Authors: Kitchell Barbara E. , Brown Dennis M. , Luck Edward E. , Woods Laure L. , Orenberg Elaine K. , Bloch Daniel A. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
The feasibility, safety, and efficacy of a new method of local, sustained-release chemotherapy by use of intralesional cisplatin implants were evaluated in the treatment of oral malignant melanoma. The implant is an injectable viscous gel composed of a protein carrier matrix, a vasoactive modifier, and a chemotherapeutic drug. Twenty dogs with biopsy- proven melanomas were treated at 1- to 2-week intervals by injection with cisplatin implant. Tumors were treated until they resolved or were judged to be unresponsive. In 3 dogs with tumors unresponsive to cisplatin implants, methotrexate implants were used, and in 2 of these dogs, carmustine implants followed the methotrexate. Tumor responses were evaluated by sequential measurements.
Melanomas in 14 (70%) of 20 dogs had a > 50% decrease in volume, and in 11 (55%) of these dogs, had a complete response. Tumors with complete responses received a mean cisplatin dose of 11.7 ± 1.8 mg, delivered in a mean of 2.6 treatments. Two of the dogs with complete response also were treated with methotrexate and carmustine. Implants were well tolerated. Local necrosis, limited to the treatment site, developed in most tumors (17/20) and was associated with tumor response. Systemic toxicosis was minimal; renal insufficiency after cisplatin implants was not evident.
Median survival times of dogs with complete tumor response (51 weeks) was substantially greater than that of dogs without local tumor control (10.5 weeks). Recursive partitioning analysis of variables indicated that mandibular tumors of short duration were associated with a positive outcome. Multivariate linear regression analysis revealed the benefit of a greater number of cisplatin implants in a consistent weekly treatment course. The success of the intralesional chemotherapy indicated that implants are a technically feasible modality for local control of oral melanomas in dogs and provide possible alternative treatment to radiation therapy or surgery.
Prevalence and factors associated with development of laminitis in horses with duodenitis/proximal jejunitis: 33 cases (1985–1991)
Authors: Cohen Noah D. , Parson Ernest M. , Seahorn Thomas L. , Carter G. Kent 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Medical records of 116 horses admitted to the Texas Veterinary Medical Center between Jan 1, 1984 and Dec 31, 1991 with duodenitis/proximal jejunitis (dpj) were reviewed. The prevalence of laminitis was 28.4% (33/116; 95% confidence interval: 20.2 to 36.6%). The prevalence of dpj and DPJ-associated laminitis did not appear to vary significantly by year during the study period. Anamnesis, physical examination, clinicopathologic data, and initial treatment recorded at the time of admission were reviewed to determine risk factors associated with development of laminitis associated with dpj. A trend of increasing prevalence of laminitis with increasing weight was observed. Using a multiple logistic regression model, horses weighing ≥ 550 kg were approximately twice as likely to develop laminitis than horses weighing < 550 kg (P = 0.048). Horses with hemorrhagic reflux observed at the time of admission were nearly twice as likely to develop laminitis than horses without hemorrhagic reflux (P = 0.022).
Treatments administered prior to admission or at our clinic did not significantly affect development of laminitis, except for administration of heparin to prevent laminitis. Of 33 horses that developed laminitis associated with dpj, 2 had laminitis at the time of admission. These 2 horses were excluded from analysis of the effects of heparin administered as prophylaxis for laminitis; neither horse was treated with heparin. The proportion of horses that developed laminitis among horses that received heparin (0.0%; 0/12) was significantly (P = 0.018) less than that among horses that did not receive heparin (29.8%; 31/104). Because of the small number of horses that received heparin and the retrospective design of this study, the clinical importance of this association could not be determined.
Epidemiologic and immunologic characteristics of Streptococcus equi infection in foals
Authors: Hamlen H. J. , Timoney J. F. , Bell R. J. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
A 2-phase study was performed to characterize the effects of Streptococcus equi infection in unexposed and previously exposed foals. In phase I, 22 weanling foals involved in a naturally occurring S equi epizootic were studied, along with a comparison group of 11 unexposed foals, matched for age, sex, and breed. Six months later (phase II), an epizootic was experimentally induced in previously exposed and unexposed foals from phase I. The prevalence and duration of clinical signs, the relative risk of developing disease, bacteriologic culture results, hematologic responses, and mucosal and serum immunologic responses were determined. Disease protection in phase-I and -II foals was associated with high values for serum S equi M protein-specific IgG at the onset of the epizootic (P < 0.02 for phase 1 and P < 0.01 for phase II), and with a rapid (within 2 weeks of exposure) mucosal S equi M protein-specific IgG response (P < 0.05 for phase I and P = 0.01 for phase II).
Evaluation of subchondral lesion size in osteochondrosis of the scapulohumeral joint in dogs
Authors: van Bree Henri 
Published: December 2023

Summary
In 62 dogs, the size of 104 subchondral osteochondrosis lesions, expressed as a percentage of the width of the humeral head (the length of the axis from the intertubercular groove to the edge of the humeral head), was significantly (P < 0.0001) different in joints with intact vs ruptured articular cartilage and in joints associated with vs without clinical signs. The status of the articular cartilage covering the subchondral defect was evaluated by use of positive-contrast arthrography.
Surgical treatment of thymoma in cats: 12 cases (1987-1992)
Authors: Gores Barbara R. , Berg John , Carpenter James L. , Aronsohn Michael G. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Twelve cats with thymoma were treated hy surgical excision of the tumor alone. None of the cats received radiotherapy or chemotherapy. Two cats died or were euthanatized during the immediate postoperative period: 1 because of postsurgical hemorrhage, and the other because of an associated fungal pleuritis. None of the remaining 10 cats developed evidence of local tumor recurrence or metastases. Six of the cats were alive after follow-up periods ranging from 6 to 36 months (mean, 21 months; median, 21 months). Three cats were euthanatized 18 months, 32 months, and 45 months following surgery for unrelated problems, and 1 cat died as a result of trauma sustained 62 months postoperatively. Myasthenia gravis developed postoperatively in 2 of the cats.
Idiopathic acute hepatic disease in horses: 12 cases (1982-1992)
Authors: Messer Nat T. , Johnson Philip J. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Acute hepatic disease was diagnosed in 16 horses during the study period. Twelve of those cases were characterized as idiopathic acute hepatic disease (iahd). In 9 of the 12 (75%) cases of iahd, the horses were female, and 7 of the 9 females were lactating and had been treated with tetanus antitoxin at parturition. Diagnosis of iahd was based on anamnesis, clinical signs, and results of serum biochemical analyses, hepatic biopsy, and postmortem examination. Within 1 year of the illness, 75% (9/12) of the horses had died or had been euthanatized. Not all horses had the typical fulminant signs associated with iahd and in those horses, serum biochemical analyses were particularly helpful in diagnosis. Because tetanus antitoxin administration seemed to be associated with iahd, use of tetanus antitoxin is not without risk, and routine administration of tetanus antitoxin, particularly to parturient mares, should be discouraged.
Radiation therapy of ceruminous gland carcinomas in dogs and cats
Authors: Théon A. P. , Barthez P. Y. , Madewell B. R. , Griffey S. M. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Nine dogs and 9 cats with ceruminous gland carcinoma were evaluated to determine whether they would receive radiation therapy. Tissue samples were reviewed to confirm the diagnosis and to assess completeness of resection in animals that had undergone surgery. Seven animals were excluded because surgical excision was determined histologically to have been complete (5) or because the owners did not wish to pursue treatment, because of advanced disease (2). The remaining 6 cats and 5 dogs, 6 of which had previously undergone surgery, were included in the study. The radiation therapy dose was 48 Gy, given in 12 fractions over 4 weeks. The product-limit estimate of mean progression-free survival time was 39.5 months. The estimate of 1-year progression-free survival rate was 56%. The tumor recurred in 4 animals, and metastases were observed in 3 animals. Radiation therapy was found to be safe and effective.
Comparison of the cranial and a new lateral approach to the femoropatellar joint for aspiration and injection in horses
Authors: Hendrickson Dean A. , Nixon Alan J. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
The genual joint in horses is complex, making synovial fluid aspiration and injection of the femoropatellar joint difficult. Horses commonly have signs of resentment to needle penetration at this site. We compared the safety and efficacy of a new technique, using a lateral approach to the femoropatellar joint, with that of the standard cranial approach in 12 horses. A significantly greater amount of fluid was obtained with the lateral approach (2.0 ± 0.5 ml, mean ± sem) than with the cranial approach (0.9 ± 0.2 ml). Significant differences were not observed in color, nucleated cell count, rbc count, or total protein of the fluid. Mean articular cartilage injury score was significantly lower with the lateral approach (0.3 ± 0.3), compared with that from the cranial approach (1.3 ± 0.4). Only 8% of the joints (1/12) in which the lateral approach was used were injured, compared with 67% (8/12) in the cranial approach. The lateral approach yielded more fluid and was less likely to result in injury to the articular surface than was the cranial approach.
Early postoperative ultrasonographic evaluation of incisional sites in dogs: 15 cases (1990–1992)
Authors: Trout Nicholas J. , Penninck Dominique G. , Boudrieau Randy J. , Kudisch Michele 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Ultrasonography of the surgical sites of 15 dogs was performed 3 to 8 days after they underwent major orthopedic surgical procedures. Eight dogs were suspected of having incision-site complications on the basis of localized signs of pain, heat, or swelling and clinical signs of pyrexia, lethargy, or anorexia. Seven dogs had apparently normal healing of the incision. Ultrasonography was used to assess and compare the character of fluid accumulation, to detect fluid accumulation associated with evidence of distal enhancement, and to evaluate gas accumulation and disruption of muscle fibers. Ultrasonography of the 8 dogs with complications of the incision site revealed fluid accumulation (8 dogs), distal enhancement associated with fluid accumulations (2), disruption of muscle fibers (1), and gas accumulation (1). Ultrasonography of the 7 dogs with apparently normal healing of the incisions revealed fluid accumulations (2 dogs), fluid between fascial planes (4), disruption of muscle fibers (1), and gas accumulation (1). Aspirates of fluid were obtained from 7 dogs with suspected incision-site infection. Analysis of results of cytologic evaluation or bacterial culturing confirmed infection in 6 dogs and indicated that 1 dog had a sterile hematoma. Ultrasonography is a sensitive technique for the detection and localization of fluid accumulations; however, the detection of fluid accumulations was not limited to dogs with incision-site complications. Fluid accumulations can be evaluated by use of ultrasound-guided needle aspiration, which has few associated negative side-effects. During the early postoperative period, results for fluid evaluation of samples obtained by use of accurately placed aspiration needles can be used to serve as a guide for further treatment.
Epiglottitis in horses: 20 cases (1988–1993)
Authors: Hawkins Jan F. , Tulleners Eric P. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Epiglottitis was diagnosed and treated in 20 horses (13 Thoroughbreds and 7 Standardbreds) over a 5-year period. Eighteen horses were used for racing, and 2 Standardbreds were broodmares. Primary clinical signs were exercise intolerance, respiratory noise, and coughing. The most common endoscopic diagnosis made by referring veterinarians was epiglottic entrapment (11 horses).
In 19 horses, endoscopic evaluation at admission revealed mucosal ulceration and thickening of the lingual surface of the epiglottis. Other endoscopic findings included dorsal displacement of the soft palate (14 horses), and dorsal deviation of the epiglottic axis (11 horses). Only 1 horse had epiglottic entrapment. Treatment consisting of stall confinement for 7 to 14 days, topical administration of a solution of furacin, dimethyl sulfoxide, glycerin, and prednisolone, and systemic administration of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and corticosteroids was effective in controlling epiglottic edema and inflammation. Antimicrobials were administered to 6 horses.
Racing performance of the 18 racehorses was evaluated by examination of racing records. One horse was still convalescing at the time of the study, and 1 horse had been euthanatized 1 week after treatment for epiglottitis because of colic. The remaining 16 horses all started at least 1 race (mean time between initial examination and start of first race, 74 days; range, 8 to 265 days). Thirteen horses started at least 4 races following treatment for epiglottitis; racing performance after treatment was the same in 8 and decreased in 5. Long-term sequelae of epiglottitis included epiglottic deformity (5 horses), intermittent or persistent dorsal displacement of the soft palate (4 horses), and epiglottic entrapment (1 horse).
Pleural effusion associated with acute and chronic pleuropneumonia and pleuritis secondary to thoracic wounds in horses: 43 cases (1982–1992)
Authors: Collins Mark B. , Hodgson David R. , Hutchins David R. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Case records of 43 horses with pleural effusion associated with acute pleuropneumonia, chronic pleuropneumonia, or pleuritis secondary to a penetrating thoracic wound were reviewed to determine the predisposing factors, diagnosis, and treatment of this condition.
Acute pleuropneumonia was diagnosed in 36 horses, the majority of which were Thoroughbreds (89%). Of 22 (61%) horses that were in race training at the onset of illness, 11 (31%) had been recently transported a long distance and 4 (11%) had evidence of exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage. Physical examination findings and hematologic data were nonspecific. The most consistent abnormality was hyperfibrino-genemia. Affected horses were treated with antibiotics, thoracic drainage, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and supportive care. Twenty-two (61%) horses were discharged from the hospital, with the mean duration of hospitalization for those discharged being 23 days. Nine (25%) horses were euthanatized and 5 (14%) died. Bacterial culturing of thoracic fluid resulted in growth in 30 of the 36 (83%) horses. The finding of anaerobic bacteria in thoracic fluid was not associated with a lower survival rate (62%) than the overall survival rate (61%).
Four horses with chronic pleuropneumonia had a history of lethargy and inappetence for > 2 weeks. Actinobacillus equuli was isolated, either alone or in combination with other bacteria, from thoracic fluid of these 4 horses. Each horse was treated with broad spectrum antibiotics and made a rapid recovery.
Three horses with acute pleuritis secondary to penetrating thoracic wounds also had nonspecific clinical signs, apart from the wound and a large volume of pleural effusion. Bacteriologic isolates from these horses differed slightly from those of horses with acute pleuropneumonia.
Identification of mast celis in buffy coat preparations from dogs with inflammatory skin diseases
Authors: Cayatte Suzanne M. , McManus Patricia M. , Miller William H. , Scott Danny W. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
In 100 dogs with 4 inflammatory dermatologic diseases, buffy coat preparations from edta-treated blood samples were examined cytologically. Fifty-four dogs had atopy, 26 had flea-bite hypersensitivity, 17 had sarcoptic mange, and 3 had food allergy. Twenty-eight dogs had 2 or more concurrent skin diseases; most of these had secondary pyoderma. Dogs did not have mast cell tumors. Thirteen samples contained 1 or more mast cells/4 slides reviewed. This study revealed that dogs with inflammatory skin diseases can have a few to many mast cells evident on cytologic examination of buffy coat preparations.
Microbiologic evaluation of carcasses before and after washing in a beef slaughter plant
Authors: Jericho Klaus W. , Bradley John A. , Kozub Gerald C. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
The effect of washing on the bacterial contamination of beef carcasses in a modern abattoir was evaluated. Twenty-six carcasses were evaluated at the end of the slaughter process before and after washing, and 13 other carcasses were evaluated only after being washed. An excision sample (5 × 5 × 0.5 cm) was collected from 10 sites on each carcass immediately before washing and at an adjacent site immediately after washing. Aerobic bacterial colonies were enumerated, using hydrophobic grid membrane filter technology. After washing, the log10 of the most probable number of growth units/cm2 decreased (P < 0.01) at the lateral rump site, increased (P < 0.01) at the thorax and neck sites, but was unchanged at the other 7 sites, compared with before washing. The sample size required to estimate, within 0.5 log10 units, the mean log10 most probable number of growth units/cm2 at a site for use in future group-carcass evaluations was determined and compared with a previously used sample size definition. It was concluded that the washing process described did not result in a major change in the bacterial contamination of carcasses.
Surgical treatment of hepatobiliary cystadenomas in cats: Five cases (1988-1993)
Authors: Trout Nicholas J. , Berg R. John , McMillan Marjorie C. , Schelling Scott H. , Ullman Sharon L. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Medical records of 5 cats with hepatobiliary cystadenomas treated by means of surgical excision were reviewed. All cats were examined because of lethargy or abdominal enlargement. A cystic liver mass was seen in each cat ultrasonographically. Postoperative complications did not develop, and none of the cats developed evidence of tumor recurrence. Four cats died 12 to 44 months after surgery. Two cats were euthanatized for unrelated problems, and 2 cats died suddenly 25 and 44 months after surgery; the causes of death were not determined in either case. One cat was alive and considered clinically normal on physical examination 42 months after surgery.
Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain in dogs with recently diagnosed but untreated pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism
Authors: Bertoy Elizabeth H. , Feldman Edward C. , Nelson Richard W. , Duesberg Cynthia A. , Kass Philip H. , Reid Michael H. , Dublin Arthur B. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Magnetic resonance imaging was used to determine the prevalence of visible pituitary masses in 21 dogs with recently diagnosed and untreated pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism. All dogs had clinical signs and routine database values (CBC, serum biochemical panel, and urinalysis) consistent with a diagnosis of hyperadrenocorticism, and none had clinical signs suggestive of an intracranial mass. Each dog had plasma cortisol concentrations after adrenocorticotropic hormone administration or low-dose dexamethasone administration consistent with hyperadrenocorticism. Pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism was confirmed by the finding of 2 equal-size adrenal glands on abdominal ultrasonography and by results of plasma endogenous adrenocorticotropic hormone concentration and high-dose dexamethasone suppression testing. Sagittal and transverse Tl-weighted magnetic resonance images of the brain were obtained before and after IV administration of gadopentenate dimeglumine.
Eleven dogs had visible masses, ranging in size from 4 to 12 mm at greatest vertical height. Mean age and body weight of dogs with a visible pituitary mass was not significantly different from dogs without a visible mass. There was no significant difference in endocrine test results when comparing dogs with a visible pituitary mass to dogs without. The prevalence of visible pituitary masses in dogs with pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism was greater than suggested by the prevalence of clinical neurologic signs.
Cellular and antibody responses to equine herpesviruses 1 and 4 following vaccination of horses with modified-live and inactivated viruses
Authors: Ellis John A. , Bogdan Jaret R. , Kanara Edward W. , Morley Paul S. , Haines Deborah M. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
The ability of monovalent and bivalent equine herpesvirus (EHV) vaccines to stimulate cellular and antibody responses to EHV-1 and EHV-4 was compared in healthy horses. Comparison of data from lymphocyte blastogenesis tests in which live viruses were used as antigens and that were conducted prior to vaccination and after 2 vaccinations revealed that horses given modified-live EHV-1 had significant increases in proliferative responses to EHV-1 (P = 0.03) and EHV- 4 (P = 0.04). Responses to EHV-1 and EHV-4 in horses given the inactivated-virus bivalent vaccine were less; however, significant differences were not noticed when postvaccinal lymphocyte blastogenesis tests were compared between the groups of vaccinees.
Interleukin-2 activity was not detected in leukocyte cultures from either group of vaccinees following stimulation with live EHV-1 or EHV-4; however, interferon activity was found in similar cultures from both groups of vaccinees. For EHV-4, interferon activity in cultures from both groups of vaccinees was significantly (P < 0.05) greater than that in leukocyte cultures from unvaccinated controls.
Both vaccines induced significant (P < 0.05) increases in serum antibodies that neutralized EHV-1 infectivity. The ELISA for EHV-1 and EHV-4 antibodies revealed that both vaccines induced significant (P < 0.05) increases (compared with preinoculation values) in antibodies reactive with these 2 types of EHV. Total serum antibody responses, as measured by ELISA, to EHV-1 and EHV-4 were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in horses that received the bivalent inactivated-virus vaccine, compared with that in horses that received monovalent vaccine. Evaluation of these data revealed that vaccination with modified-live EHV-1 can stimulate cellular and antibody responses that cross-react with EHV-4.