bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between level of education and oral health status in 35‐, 50‐, 65‐ and 75‐year‐olds
Authors: Paulander J. , Axelsson P. , Lindhe J. 
Published: July 2003

AbstractAim: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the association between educational level and dental disease, treatment needs and oral hygiene habits.Material and methods: Randomized samples of 35‐, 50‐, 65‐ and 75‐year‐olds, classified according to the educational level: [low (LE): elementary school or higher (HE)], were identified. In 1091 subjects, a number of characteristics such as (i) number of teeth, (ii) periodontal attachment levels (PAL), (iii) caries and (iv) occlusal function were recorded. Educational level, oral hygiene and dietary habits were self‐reported. Non‐parametric variables were analyzed by χ2, Mann–Whitney U–Wilcoxon's rank sum tests, and parametric variables by Student's t‐test (level of significance 95%). A two‐way anova was performed on decayed, missing and filled surfaces to investigate the interaction between age and educational level. All statistical procedures were performed in the SPSS© statistical package.Results: The number of remaining teeth was similar for LE and HE in the 35‐year olds (25.8 versus 26.6), but in the older age groups LE had significantly a larger number of missing teeth. The LE groups (except in 65‐year olds) exhibited significantly more PAL loss. LE had significantly fewer healthy gingival units in all but the 75‐year age group. In all age groups, LE had fewer intact tooth surfaces and a significantly poorer occlusal function. The frequency of tooth cleaning measures and dietary habits did not differ between LE and HE.Conclusion: Educational level was shown to influence the oral conditions and should be considered in assessing risk, and in planning appropriate preventive measures.
Ultrastructure of the gingiva in cardiac patients treated with or without calcium channel blockers
Authors: Bullon P. , Pugnaloni A. , Gallardo I. , Machuca G. , Hevia A. , Battino M. 
Published: July 2003

AbstractObjectives: In the last few years, several studies have suggested that periodontal diseases are related to the development of atherosclerosis and its complications. Our objective was to study the ultrastructural morphology of the gingiva from cardiac patients, some of whom were treated and some not with calcium channel blockers compared to a control group.Material and Methods: Fifty‐five patients were studied and grouped in the following way: (a) healthy group (HG) (n=12) healthy patients with at least two pockets between 3 and 5 mm; (b) cardiac group (CG) (n=12) patients with cardiac disease untreated with calcium channel blockers; (c) diltiazem group (DG) (n=13) cardiac patients treated with diltiazem; (d) nifedipine group (NG) (n=18) cardiac patients treated with nifedipine.Results: Ultrastructural studies in the CG showed inflammatory cells, collagen fibers disruption and a more extended morphologically compromised fibroblast mitochondria. Morphometric studies in CG showed mitochondria that were impaired in number but increased in volume, suggesting metabolic cell suffering. In DG and NG, morphometric data were similar to HG. The presence of myofibroblasts and collagen neosynthesis was detected in DG and NG.Conclusions: Our data showed differences in the ultrastructure of the gingival fibroblasts between the studied groups; the DG and NG showed features that could be interpreted as an attempt to restore the cellular metabolic function.
Long‐term effect of full‐mouth tooth extraction on the responsiveness of peripheral blood monocytes
Authors: Fokkema Schelte J. , Loos Bruno G. , Hart Augustinus A.M. , Van Der Velden Ubele 
Published: July 2003

AbstractBackground: As some residual inflammation may remain after periodontal therapy, the present pilot study investigated the long‐term effect of full‐mouth tooth extraction therapy on the responsiveness of peripheral blood monocytes in a case with generalized terminal adult periodontitis.Methods: Before and 3, 9, 20 and 32 months after therapy, venous blood was collected. Total and differential white blood cell counts were determined and whole blood cell cultures (WBCC) were incubated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to stimulate the production of inflammatory mediators by monocytes.Results: After full‐mouth tooth extraction, the numbers of total peripheral white blood cells and neutrophils decreased over time. The release of the chemokines interleukin (IL)‐8 and macrophage chemoattractant protein (MCP)‐1 in the cultures decreased twofold over time, whereas no changes were seen for the other studied cytokines, chemokines and prostaglandin E2.Conclusion: On the basis of previous studies and the present case, the high production of IL‐8 and MCP‐1 by monocytes in LPS‐stimulated WBCC from periodontitis patients is most likely acquired, as their levels decrease over time when the periodontal infection is controlled. The possible connection between periodontitis and atherosclerosis through IL‐8 and MCP‐1 is discussed.
Periodontitis and perceived risk for periodontitis in elders with evidence of depression
Authors: Persson G. R. , Persson R. E. , MacEntee C. I. , Wyatt C. C. I. I. , Hollender L. G. , Kiyak H. A. 
Published: July 2003

AbstractBackground: Depression and periodontitis are common conditions in older adults. There is some evidence that these two conditions may be related.Aims: To study a population of dentate elders and assess the prevalence of depression, self‐assessment of risk for periodontitis and tooth loss, in relation to periodontal disease status.Material and methods: Data were obtained from 701 older subjects (mean age 67.2 years (SD±4.6), of whom 59.5% were women. Self‐reports of a diagnosis of depression, scores of the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), and self‐assessment of risk for future tooth loss and periodontitis were compared with a diagnosis of periodontitis based on probing depth, and bone loss assessed from panoramic radiographs. Other systemic diseases and smoking habits were also determined and studied in relation to depression.Results: A history of depression was reported by 20% of the subjects. GDS scores 8 were reported by 9.8% of the elders. Periodontitis was identified in 48.5% of the subjects. Depression was associated with heart attack (p<0.05), stroke (p<0.01), high blood pressure (p<0.02), all combined cardiovascular diseases (p<0.001), chronic pain (p<0.01), osteoarthritis (p<0.001), and osteoporosis (p< 0.001) but not with periodontitis (p=0.73). Subjects with depression had a higher self‐reported risk score for future tooth loss (p<0.02). No group difference emerged for self‐perceived risk for periodontitis. Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that a past history of tooth loss (p<0.001), self‐perceived risk for periodontitis (p<0.02), the number of years with a smoking habit (p<0.02), and male gender (p<0.02) were associated with a diagnosis of periodontitis but neither measure of depression could be included in an explanatory model for periodontitis.Conclusions: Evidence of depression (self‐report or by GDS) is not associated with risk for periodontitis in older subjects but is associated with tooth loss and chronic conditions associated with pain.
Efficacy of plaque removal and learning effect of a powered and a manual toothbrush
Authors: Lazarescu D. , Boccaneala S. , Illiescu A. , De Boever J. A. 
Published: July 2003

AbstractBackground: Subjects with high plaque and gingivitis scores can profit most from the introduction of new manual or powered tooth brushes. To improve their hygiene, not only the technical characteristics of new brushes but also the learning effect in efficient handling are of importance.Aim: The present study compared the efficacy in plaque removal of an electric and a manual toothbrush in a general population and analysed the learning effect in efficient handling.Method: Eighty healthy subjects, unfamiliar with electric brushes, were divided into two groups: group 1 used the Philips/Jordan HP 735 powered brush and group 2 used a manual brush, Oral‐B40+. Plaque index (PI) and gingival bleeding index (GBI) were assessed at baseline and at weeks 3, 6, 12 and 18. After each evaluation, patients abstained from oral hygiene for 24 h. The next day a 3‐min supervised brushing was perfomed. Before and after this brushing, PI was assessed for the estimation of the individual learning effect. The study was single blinded.Results: Over the 18‐week period, PI reduced gradually and statistically significantly (p<0.001) in group 1 from 2.9 (±0.38) to 1.5 (±0.24) and in group 2 from 2.9 (±0.34) to 2.2 (±0.23). From week 3 onwards, the difference between groups was statistically significant (p<0.001). The bleeding index decreased in group 1 from 28% (±17%) to 7% (±5%) (p<0.001) and in group 2 from 30% (±12%) to 12% (±6%) (p<0.001). The difference between groups was statistically significant (p<0.001) from week 6 onwards. The learning effect, expressed as the percentage of plaque reduction after 3 min of supervised brushing, was 33% for group 1 and 26% for group 2 at week 0. This percentage increased at week 18 to 64% in group 1 and 44% in group 2 (difference between groups statistically significant: p<0.001).Conclusion: The powered brush was significantly more efficient in removing plaque and improving gingival health than the manual brush in the group of subjects unfamiliar with electric brushes. There was also a significant learning effect that was more pronounced with the electric toothbrush.
Periodontal repair in dogs: rhBMP‐2 significantly enhances bone formation under provisions for guided tissue regeneration
Authors: Wikesjö Ulf M. E. , Xiropaidis Andreas V. , Thomson Robert C. , Cook Alonzo D. , Selvig Knut A. , Hardwick W. Ross 
Published: July 2003

AbstractBackground: Recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein‐2 (rhBMP‐2) has been shown to support the regeneration of alveolar bone and periodontal attachment in surgically created periodontal defects and in defects with a history of dental plaque and calculus exposure. Periodontal regeneration has also been shown following guided tissue regeneration using space‐providing expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) devices. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of rhBMP‐2 on regeneration of alveolar bone and periodontal attachment used in conjunction with a space‐providing ePTFE device.Methods: Routine, critical‐size, 5–6 mm, supra‐alveolar, periodontal defects were created around the third and fourth mandibular premolar teeth in four young adult Hound Labrador mongrel dogs. rhBMP‐2 (0.2 mg/ml) in an absorbable collagen sponge (rhBMP‐2/ACS) or buffer/ACS (control) implants were randomly assigned to be placed around the premolar teeth in the left and right jaw quadrants in subsequent animals. Space‐providing ePTFE devices with 300‐μm laser‐drilled pores, 0.8 mm apart, were used to cover the rhBMP‐2 and control implants. The gingival flaps were advanced for primary wound closure. The animals were euthanized at 8 weeks postsurgery for histologic and histometric analyses.Results: Bone regeneration and ankylosis were significantly increased in jaw quadrants receiving rhBMP‐2/ACS compared to control (bone height 4.8±0.3 versus 2.0±0.2 mm, p=0.001; bone area 10.9±1.3 versus 1.4±0.1 mm2; p=0.009, and ankylosis 2.2±0.2 versus 0.04±0.7 mm; p=0.01). No differences between groups were found for cementum regeneration and root resorption.Conclusions: rhBMP‐2 significantly enhances regeneration of alveolar bone in conjunction with a space‐providing, macroporous ePTFE device for GTR.
Periodontal repair in dogs: space‐providing ePTFE devices increase rhBMP‐2/ACS‐induced bone formation
Authors: Wikesjö Ulf M.E. , Xiropaidis Andreas V. , Thomson Robert C. , Cook Alonzo D. , Selvig Knut A. , Hardwick W. Ross 
Published: July 2003

AbstractBackground: Recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein‐2 (rhBMP‐2) technologies have been shown to enhance alveolar bone formation significantly. Biomaterial (carrier) limitations, however, have restricted their biologic potential for indications where compressive forces may limit the volume of bone formed. The objective of this proof‐of‐principle study was to evaluate the potential of a space‐providing, macroporous ePTFE device to define rhBMP‐2‐induced alveolar bone formation using a discriminating onlay defect model.Methods: Routine, critical size, 5–6 mm, supra‐alveolar, periodontal defects were created around the third and fourth mandibular premolar teeth in four young adult Hound Labrador mongrel dogs. All jaw quadrants received rhBMP‐2 (0.4 mg) in an absorbable collagen sponge (ACS) carrier. Contralateral jaw quadrants in subsequent animals were randomly assigned to receive additionally the dome‐shaped, macroporous ePTFE device over the rhBMP‐2/ACS implant or no additional treatment. The gingival flaps were advanced to cover the ePTFE device and teeth, and sutured. Animals were scheduled for euthanasia to provide for histologic observations of healing at 8 weeks postsurgery.Results: Healing was uneventful without device exposures. New bone formation averaged (±SD) 4.7±0.2 mm (98%) and 4.5±0.4 mm (94%) of the defect height, respectively, for jaw quadrants receiving rhBMP‐2/ACS with the ePTFE device or rhBMP‐2/ACS alone (p>0.05). In contrast, the regenerated bone area was significantly enhanced in jaw quadrants receiving rhBMP‐2/ACS with the ePTFE device compared to rhBMP‐2/ACS alone (9.3±2.7 versus 5.1±1.1 mm2; p<0.05). Cementum formation was similar for both treatment groups. Ankylosis compromised periodontal regeneration in all sites.Conclusions: The results suggest that the novel space‐providing, macroporous ePTFE device appears suitable as a template to define rhBMP‐2/ACS‐induced alveolar bone formation.
Effectiveness of a combination of platelet‐rich plasma, bovine porous bone mineral and guided tissue regeneration in the treatment of mandibular grade II molar furcations in humans
Authors: Lekovic Vojislav , Camargo Paulo M. , Weinlaender Michael , Vasilic Nikola , Aleksic Zoran , Kenney E. Barrie 
Published: July 2003

AbstractObjective: A combination of platelet‐rich plasma (PRP), bovine porous bone mineral (BPBM) and guided tissue regeneration (GTR) has been shown to be effective as regenerative treatment for intrabony periodontal defects. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of PRP, BPBM and GTR used in combination as regenerative treatment for grade II molar furcation defects in humans.Material and methods: Using a split‐mouth design, a total of 52 grade II mandibular molar furcation defects were treated either with PRP/BPBM/GTR (experimental group, n=26) or with an open flap debridement (control group, n=26). The primary outcomes evaluated in this study included changes in pocket depth, attachment level and re‐entry bone levels (horizontal and vertical) between baseline and 6 months postoperatively.Results: The results showed that the experimental group presented with significantly greater pocket reduction (4.07±0.33 mm for experimental and 2.49±0.38 mm for control sites), gain in clinical attachment (3.29 ± 0.42 mm for experimental and 1.68±0.31 mm for control sites), vertical defect fill (2.56± 0.36 mm for experimental and −0.19±0.02 for control sites) and horizontal defect fill (2.28±0.33 mm for experimental and 0.08±0.02 mm for control sites) than the control group.Conclusions: It was concluded that the PRP/BPBM/GTR combined technique is an effective modality of regenerative treatment for mandibular grade II furcation defects. Further studies are necessary to elucidate the role played by each component of the combined therapy in achieving these results.
Levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in saliva of patients with different periodontal conditions
Authors: Cesco Ricardo de Toledo , Ito Izabel Yoko , Albuquerque Rubens Ferreira de 
Published: July 2003

AbstractObjectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels in saliva measured by Reflotron™ System of Diagnosis and periodontal condition indicated by Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs (CPITN).Material and methods: Fifteen patients were assigned to one of four groups C0, C1, C3 and C4, based on their largest CPITN code among the examined sites, totaling 60 participants. About 1.0 ml of non‐stimulated saliva was collected from the individuals after a mouth rinse with water. Biochemical analyses of saliva samples were carried out using the proposed system in order to quantify their AST concentration.Results: There were no significant differences between levels (U/ml) of AST (median; interquartile range) from groups C0 (30.9; 14.7–41.7), C1 (30.3; 19.5–39.4) and C3 (35.1; 27.0–63.5). However, group C4 (106.2; 84.4–129.7) differed statistically from the others (p<0.001) and presented AST levels as high as 284.2 U/ml. Gingival bleeding and suppuration were observed in three individuals with concentrations higher than 125.0 U/ml.Conclusion: Levels of AST in saliva from patients presenting CPITN code 4 were higher than from patients coded lower and could be detected by the evaluated diagnostic system. Periodontal destruction such as periodontal pockets, gingival bleeding and suppuration seems to be related to higher AST levels in saliva.
Evaluation of enamel matrix derivative as an adjunct to non‐surgical periodontal therapy
Authors: Gutierrez Mauricio A. , Mellonig James T. , Cochran David L. 
Published: July 2003

AbstractObjectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the adjunctive use of enamel matrix derivative (EMD) on periodontal healing following nonsurgical periodontal therapy (scaling and root planing – SRP).Material and methods: The study was performed as an intraindividual, longitudinal trial of 3 months duration with a double‐blinded, split‐mouth, controlled, and randomized design. Twenty‐two patients with moderate to severe chronic periodontitis were enrolled in the study. In each patient, two sites with pocket depths 5 mm and with radiographic angular bone defects >3 mm were selected. Baseline examination included measurement of probing pocket depth (PPD) and clinical attachment levels (CAL). The presence or absence of plaque and bleeding on probing at selected sites was also recorded. Following initial examination, full‐mouth SRP was performed. Study sites were then treated with 24% EDTA for 2 min, followed by thorough irrigation with sterile saline. The sites were then randomized. The experimental site received subgingival application of enamel matrix derivative (Emdogain®, BIORA AB, Malmo, Sweden). The control site received no additional treatment. At 3 months, all sites were re‐examined. The response to therapy in experimental and control sites was evaluated, using change in probing depth and CAL as the primary outcome variables. Statistical analysis (paired t‐tests) was used to compare response to treatment in control versus experimental sites.Results: Statistically significant changes in PPD and CAL were seen in both treatment groups from baseline to 3 months. The mean PPD reduction was 2.3±0.5 mm for control sites and 2.0±0.3 mm for experimental sites. The mean CAL gain was 1.8±0.4 mm for control sites, and 1.4±0.3 mm for experimental sites. Statistical analysis, however, revealed no significant difference in PPD reduction or CAL gain between experimental and control groups (p>0.4). In addition, no difference was found between treatment groups in bleeding or plaque indices at 3 months.Conclusion: The findings from the present study do not support the use of EMD during routine, nonsurgical debridement of periodontal pockets as measured 3 months post SRP.
Enamel matrix derivative exhibits angiogenic effect in vitro and in a murine model
Authors: Yuan Kuo , Chen Chun‐Liang , Lin Ming T. 
Published: July 2003

AbstractObjectives: Angiogenesis is one of the most critical events in the wound healing process. Any increase in angiogenesis could result in more rapid and complete healing. A recent study found that enamel matrix derivative (EMD) could accelerate early periodontal wound healing. We wanted to clarify whether EMD caused an angiogenic effect and, thus, possibly enhanced wound healing.Methods: We performed in vitro proliferation and chemotaxis assays on human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) cultures, and a tissue culture assay using blood vessel fragments in fibrin gel. Collagen membranes soaked with EMD were implanted subcutaneously in mice to test the in vivo angiogenic effect.Results: While there were no significant differences between the negative control and EMD groups in the proliferation assay, EMD treatment did exhibit a significantly greater dose‐dependent chemotactic effect on HUVEC than control group treatments. The tissue culture in fibrin gel showed new blood vessel outgrowths in the EMD groups, but none in the negative control group. In the animal studies, significantly more endothelial cells were detected in the EMD group of mice.Conclusions: Our findings show that EMD does exhibit some angiogenic effects. However, the underlying molecules and mechanisms are still unidentified. We discuss several possibilities.
Multicentric adenomatoid tumors involving uterus, ovary, and appendix
Authors: Hanada Seiji , Okumura Yutaka , Kaida Kiyotaka 
Published: July 2003

AbstractA case of large, and multicentric adenomatoid tumors involving the uterus, right ovary and appendix is described. The uterine tumor was exceptionally large, about 15 cm in maximal diameter, and located in the right fundal region of the uterus with a short, thick pedicle as in a subserous pedunculated uterine fibroid.
Risk of postnatal depression after emergency delivery
Authors: Koo Vincent , Lynch Janine , Cooper Stephen 
Published: July 2003

AbstractAim:  To identify whether women having emergency delivery are at increased risk of developing postnatal depression (PND).Methods:  This is a retrospective comparative cohort study design. Two hundred and fifty Malaysian women were part of a previous study examining the prevalence of PND in a multiracial country and the effects of postnatal rituals. All women were at least 6 weeks post‐partum when asked to complete the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). Sociodemographic and birth data were obtained.Results:  Data collected were divided into two groups: 55 emergency delivery and 191 non‐emergency delivery. There were four missing data. There was no significant difference in the mean age, parity, gestational period, baby birthweight, 5 min baby Apgar score and EPDS scores of the two groups. However, the analysis of PND indicated that women with emergency delivery had a relative risk of 1.81 compared with women with non‐emergency delivery. The comparison of the two groups using χ2 indicated a significant (χ2= 3.94, d.f. = 1, P= 0.04) increase in the presence of PND in the emergency delivery.Conclusion:  When compared with women having non‐emergency delivery, women having emergency delivery had about twice the risk of developing PND. Special attention to this group appears warranted.
The social impact of livestock: A developing country perspective
Authors: RIETHMULLER Paul 
Published: July 2003

ABSTRACTAgriculture in developing countries is influenced not only by available agricultural resources but also by a complex web of interactions based on social, economic, cultural and political factors. The relationship is two way – what happens in agricultural industries influences each of the factors just mentioned. This paper focuses on the social factors in relation to the livestock industries. Livestock are an increasingly important part of the agricultural sector of developing countries and social and cultural factors may be more important for livestock than for cropping industries.