bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of Unspecific Visual–Perceptual–Cognitive Task Constraints on Jump Ability and Reactive Strength in Federated Soccer Players
Authors: Vivar Guillermo Mateos , Quevedo Lluïsa , Sillero‐Quintana Manuel 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTSoccer players must react quickly and execute complex mental processes to adapt to competitive scenarios while maintaining peak physical performance. Perceptual–cognitive training methods integrate reaction tasks using nonspecific visual stimuli with game‐like motor actions, but the impact on explosive strength responses is unclear. This study investigates the effect of nonspecific visual stimuli with varying perceptual–cognitive constraints on jump performance, including countermovement jump height, reactive strength index modified, action time, and reaction time. A total of 299 soccer players were randomly assigned to four groups to assess the impact of different perceptual–cognitive tasks on countermovement jump performance. The results showed a significant reduction in jump height in all groups, with the most pronounced effect in the divided/attention simple reaction time task group (Δ height = −4.74 cm; p < 0.001). Action time was significantly shorter in all experimental jumps compared with controls (p < 0.001), and the reactive strength index modified increased across perceptual–cognitive tasks (p < 0.001) except in the divided/attention simple reaction time (p = 0.593). Reaction time increased in all groups, with the highest in the complex elective reaction time task (487.32 ± 153.75 ms; p < 0.001). These findings suggest that nonspecific visual stimuli negatively affect countermovement jump performance, highlighting the importance of analyzing sport‐specific perceptual–cognitive demands in the development of efficient training programs.
Distinct Behavioural and Brain Response Profiles Between Arithmetic Word Problem Solving and Sentence Comprehension in Third and Fourth Graders
Authors: Ng Chan‐Tat , Chen Xin‐Yu , Chang Ting‐Ting 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTWord problems are essential for math learning and education, bridging numerical knowledge with real‐world applications. Despite their importance, the neural mechanisms underlying word problem solving, especially in children, remain poorly understood. Here, we examine children's cognitive and brain response profiles for arithmetic word problems (AWPs), which involve one‐step mathematical operations, and compare them with nonarithmetic word problems (NWPs), structured as parallel narratives without numerical operations. Behavioural results suggested that AWP performance was associated with both reading comprehension and arithmetic fluency, whereas NWP performance correlated only with reading comprehension. Neuroimaging results revealed distinct neural substrates: AWP solving primarily activated the anterior insula, middle frontal gyrus and intraparietal sulcus, whereas NWP solving engaged in the inferior frontal gyrus, middle temporal gyrus and angular gyrus. Critically, we observed a developmental shift: Children showed heightened prefrontal activation during AWP solving, contrasting with increased posterior parietal engagement in adults. Moreover, although adults demonstrated brain–behaviour associations, with slower AWP solving linked to stronger parietal activation, this relationship was absent in children. Taken together, these findings suggest that AWP solving recruits specialized arithmetic brain circuits that undergo a frontal‐to‐parietal trajectory. Our study thus provides a neurological basis for AWP solving in children, emphasizing the crucial role of the fronto‐insular‐parietal network. These insights into brain‐based contributions to developmental differences may guide the development of targeted remediation strategies and educational interventions tailored to individual learning needs.
Predicting the Irrelevant: Neural Effects of Distractor Predictability Depend on Load
Authors: Lui Troby Ka‐Yan , Obleser Jonas , Wöstmann Malte 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTDistraction is ubiquitous in human environments. Distracting input is often predictable, but we do not understand when or how humans can exploit this predictability. Here, we ask whether predictable distractors are able to reduce uncertainty in updating the internal predictive model. We show that utilising a predictable distractor identity is not fully automatic but in part depends on available resources. In an auditory spatial n‐back task, listeners (n = 33) attended to spoken numbers presented to one ear and detected repeating items. Distracting numbers presented to the other ear either followed a predictable (i.e., repetitive) sequence or were unpredictable. We used electroencephalography (EEG) to uncover neural responses to predictable versus unpredictable auditory distractors, as well as their dependence on perceptual and cognitive load. Neurally, pairs of targets and unpredictable distractors induced a sign‐reversed lateralisation of pre‐stimulus alpha oscillations (~10 Hz) and larger amplitude of the stimulus‐evoked P2 event‐related potential component. Under low versus high memory load, distractor predictability increased the magnitude of the frontal negativity component. Behaviourally, predictable distractors under low task demands (i.e., good signal‐to‐noise ratio and low memory load) made participants adopt a less biased response strategy. We conclude that predictable distractors decrease uncertainty and reduce the need for updating the internal predictive model. In turn, unpredictable distractors might mislead proactive spatial attention orientation, elicit larger neural responses and put higher demand on memory.
The Vanishing Vaquita: A Call for Definitive Action
Authors: del Monte‐Luna Pablo , Lluch‐Cota Salvador E. , Trites Andrew W. , Cisneros‐Montemayor Andrés , Arreguín‐Sánchez Francisco , Alcántara‐Razo Edgar 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe world's smallest porpoise—the vaquita (Phocoena sinus)—is on the brink of extinction. Endemic to the upper Gulf of California, it has dwindled to fewer than 19 individuals in 2023. The primary source of mortality is drowning in gillnets set for totoaba (a giant croaker fish). Our review of the past 50 years of efforts to simultaneously attain conservation goals for the vaquita and economic and social goals for the fisheries concludes that they have consistently failed to meet the lowest expectations of any stakeholders. The time has therefore come to recognise that the only solution to this problem is to make an immediate and definitive decision: either preserve the vaquita or bolster sustainable fishing in the upper Gulf—and accept the associated social, economic, and political costs of either choice.
Half a Century of Temperate Non‐Forest Vegetation Changes: No Net Loss in Species Richness, but Considerable Shifts in Taxonomic and Functional Composition
Authors: Klinkovská Klára , Sperandii Marta Gaia , Knollová Ilona , Danihelka Jiří , Hájek Michal , Hájková Petra , Hroudová Zdenka , Jiroušek Martin , Lepš Jan , Navrátilová Jana , Peterka Tomáš , Petřík Petr , Prach Karel , Řehounková Klára , Rohel Jaroslav , Sobotka Vojtěch , Vávra Michal , Bruelheide Helge , Chytrý Milan 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTIn recent decades, global change and local anthropogenic pressures have severely affected natural ecosystems and their biodiversity. Although disentangling the effects of these factors is difficult, they are reflected in changes in the functional composition of plant communities. We present a comprehensive, large‐scale analysis of long‐term changes in plant communities of various non‐forest habitat types in the Czech Republic based on 1154 vegetation‐plot time series from 53 resurvey studies comprising 3909 vegetation‐plot records. We focused not only on taxonomic diversity but also on the functional characteristics of communities. Species richness of most habitat types increased over time, and taxonomic and functional community composition shifted significantly. Habitat specialists and threatened species became less represented in plant communities, indicating a decline in habitat quality. The spread of trees, shrubs, tall herbaceous plants, strong competitors, and nutrient‐demanding species in all non‐forest habitats, coupled with the decline of light‐demanding species, suggests an effect of eutrophication and natural succession following the abandonment of traditional management. Moreover, we identified specific trends in certain habitats. In wetlands, springs, and mires, moisture‐demanding species decreased, probably due to drainage, river regulations, and increasing drought resulting from climate change. Dry grasslands, ruderal, weed, sand, and shallow‐soil vegetation became more mesic, and successional processes were most pronounced in these communities, suggesting a stronger effect of abandonment of traditional management and eutrophication. In alpine and subalpine vegetation, meadows and mesic pastures, and heathlands, insect‐pollinated species declined, and the proportion of grasses increased. Overall, these functional changes provide deep insights into the underlying drivers and help conservationists take appropriate countermeasures.
Biotic and Abiotic Drivers of Ecosystem Temporal Stability in Herbaceous Wetlands in China
Authors: Wang Guodong , Hu Nanlin , Hautier Yann , Middleton Beth , Wang Ming , Zhao Meiling , Meng Jingci , Ma Zijun , Liu Bo , Liu Yanjie , Jiang Ming 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTMaintaining the stability of ecosystems is critical for supporting essential ecosystem services over time. However, our understanding of the contribution of the diverse biotic and abiotic factors to this stability in wetlands remains limited. Here, we combined data from a field vegetation survey of 725 herbaceous wetland sites in China with remote sensing information from the Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) from 2010 to 2020 to explore the contribution of biotic and abiotic factors to the temporal stability of primary productivity. We found that plant species richness directly contributed to stability on a national scale, but that this contribution differed among climate zones, hydrological regimes, and vegetation types. In addition, many abiotic factors, including soil properties, geographical location, and climate also contributed to stability. Piecewise structural equation modeling identified that soil properties, including soil pH, total nitrogen, and soil organic carbon, emerged as primary factors modulating ecosystem stability, both directly and indirectly by affecting species richness and vegetation type. Higher species richness and soil organic carbon were related to higher ecosystem stability in peatlands but less so in coastal and inland marshes. These findings enhance our ability to forecast how wetland ecosystems may respond to future environmental changes and biodiversity loss and can inform policy decisions related to ecosystem stability.
Impact of Long Well Screens on Monitoring of the Freshwater‐Saltwater Transition Zone
Authors: Croteau Frédérik , Coulon Cécile , Molson John , Lemieux Jean‐Michel 
Published: January 2025

AbstractDeep monitoring wells with long screens crossing the transition zone between freshwater and saltwater are often used in coastal areas to characterize fresh groundwater resources and the depth of saline groundwater. However, past studies have demonstrated that long‐screen wells can lead to biased observations of the transition zone, since vertical flow within the borehole can modify the shape and elevation of the transition zone in and around the borehole compared to undisturbed conditions without a well. Here, field observations and variable‐density numerical flow simulations are used to evaluate, under natural flow conditions, how the installation of long‐screen wells can provide time‐varying biased observations of the freshwater‐saltwater transition zone, and how various aquifer and well parameters affect the magnitude of these biases. Results show that long‐screen wells can lead to a more dispersed interface, an upward displacement of the transition zone of between 5 and 10 m, and a salinity decrease in the saltwater portion of the well on the order of 10 to 15 g/L. The perturbations take up to 5 years to fully develop and stabilize. The degree of displacement depends on the screen diameter, screen length, aquifer anisotropy, and hydraulic conductivity, whereas the displacement is independent of the distance of the well from the coast. This analysis provides insight into which well and aquifer characteristics increase the risk of obtaining biased observations in long‐screen wells, and provides orders of magnitude for these biases.
Development of the Migraine‐Related Stigma (MiRS) Questionnaire: Results of the OVERCOME (US) Study
Authors: Seng Elizabeth K. , Muenzel E. Jolanda , Shapiro Robert E. , Buse Dawn C. , Reed Michael L. , Zagar Anthony J. , Ashina Sait , Hutchinson Susan , Nicholson Robert A. , Lipton Richard B. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundStigma is emerging as an important social contributor to migraine‐related disability and other outcomes. Currently, there are no published validated measures of migraine‐specific measures of stigma.ObjectivesThis secondary post hoc analysis of a cross‐sectional cohort study aimed to develop a questionnaire to evaluate migraine‐related stigma.MethodsBased on focus group discussions among persons with migraine and literature review, a panel of migraine experts iteratively developed 12 candidate items for the migraine‐related stigma (MiRS) questionnaire, which aims to measure if and how people living with migraine perceive they are viewed in a stigmatizing manner by others. The United States ObserVational survey of the Epidemiology tReatment and Care Of MigrainE (OVERCOME) study identified people with active migraine within a demographically representative United States (US) adult sample and administered the novel MiRS questionnaire in addition to questionnaires assessing sociodemographics, monthly headache days, and migraine disability score (Migraine Disability Assessment) among other data. Exploratory factor analysis was then utilized to evaluate the structure of the MiRS items and determine the Cronbach's alpha described internal consistency of the factors.ResultsThis exploratory factor analysis was a secondary post hoc analysis of a cross‐sectional cohort study derived from the OVERCOME population‐based web survey, which was conducted in a United States sample of 61,932 adults with migraine. The mean (standard deviation) age was 41.7 (14.8) years, 74.5% (n = 46,122) were female, and 70.3% (n = 43,564) identified as White. Two factors were identified: MiRS—external perception of Secondary Gain (eigenvalue = 21.5, percentage of total variance = 88.9%) and MiRS—external perception of Minimizing Burden of migraine (eigenvalue = 2.7, percentage of total variance = 11.1%). The two factors were correlated (r = 0.66) and a non‐orthogonal varimax rotation showed that eight items loaded onto the MiRS—Secondary Gain factor, and four items loaded onto the MiRS—Minimizing Burden factor.ConclusionThis population‐based study of >60,000 people with migraine allowed the development and validation of the first migraine‐specific measure of perceived external stigma for people with migraine. This study demonstrated that MiRS consists of two internally consistent subscales: Secondary Gain and Minimizing Burden. This may be a useful tool for quantifying perceived migraine‐related stigma to understand determinants of migraine‐related stigma and test interventions to reduce perceived migraine‐related stigma.
A randomized sequential cross‐over trial evaluating five purportedly ICP‐lowering drugs in idiopathic intracranial hypertension
Authors: Mitchell James L. , Lyons Hannah S. , Walker Jessica K. , Yiangou Andreas , Thaller Mark , Grech Olivia , Alimajstorovic Zerin , Tsermoulas Georgios , Brock Kristian , Mollan Susan P. , Sinclair Alexandra J. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractObjectiveTo gain initial insight into the efficacy to lower intracranial pressure (ICP), side effects, and effects on cognition of five drugs commonly used to treat idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH).BackgroundLimited clinical data exist for the treatment for IIH. Impaired cognition is recognized in IIH and can be exacerbated by medications.MethodsThis human experimental medicine study was a secondary analysis that focused on an unblinded randomized, sequential, cross‐over extension of a previously completed randomized controlled trial. This study evaluated females with active IIH, recruited from University Hospital Birmingham, UK. Participants were treated, in randomized order, for 2 weeks with acetazolamide, amiloride, furosemide, spironolactone, and topiramate; assessment was at baseline and 2 weeks with a minimum 1‐week drug washout between drugs. The primary outcome was change in ICP at 2 weeks post‐drug administration. The cognitive evaluation was an exploratory study of the trial. ICP was recorded with telemetric, intraparenchymal ICP monitors (Raumedic, Hembrechts, Germany). Adverse events were recorded, and cognition was assessed utilizing the National Institutes of Health Toolbox Cognitive Battery.ResultsFourteen participants were recruited and evaluated by intention‐to‐treat analysis. Mean (standard deviation) body mass index was 37.3 (7.0) kg/m2 and ICP was 33.2 (7.1) cm cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) at baseline. ICP fell with four drugs (mean [standard error (SE)]), acetazolamide −3.3 (1.0) mmHg, p = 0.001, furosemide −3.0 (0.9) mmHg, p = 0.001, spironolactone −2.7 (0.9) mmHg, p = 0.003, and topiramate −2.3 (0.9) mmHg, p = 0.010. There was no significant difference between drugs. Side effects were common with acetazolamide (100%, 11/11) and topiramate (93%, 13/14). Baseline cognitive performance was impaired, T‐score (mean [SE]) 37.2 (2.6). After treatment, there was a further significant reduction in the fluid cognition domain (ability to process and integrate) with acetazolamide (mean T‐score [SE]), −5.0 (2.6), p = 0.057 and topiramate −4.1 (2.0), p = 0.061.ConclusionsAcetazolamide, furosemide, spironolactone, and topiramate marginally reduced ICP. While their effects were not significant, this study was not powered to detect a difference between drugs. Participants reported significant side effects with acetazolamide and topiramate including cognitive decline. Cognitive measures were impaired by acetazolamide and topiramate. Therapeutics with greater efficacy and a favorable side effect profile are an unmet need in the treatment of IIH.
A programmatic assessment of dolutegravir adverse events and discontinuations in Uganda
Authors: Odongpiny Eva Agnes Laker , Nicol Melanie , Katana Elizabeth , Owori Joseph , Buzibye Allan , Sedan Kay , Kesby Mike , Holden Matthew , Owarwo Noela , Meya David , Castelnuovo Barbara , Sloan Derek J. , Sekaggya Christine 
Published: January 2025

AbstractIntroductionDolutegravir is now extensively used in sub‐Saharan Africa as a preferred component of antiretroviral therapy (ART). There is a paucity of large studies using routinely collected data from African people living with HIV on dolutegravir‐based regimens to inform HIV programmes. We reviewed data in a large programme clinic of people living with HIV on dolutegravir to determine the real‐world safety and tolerability of dolutegravir and to describe drivers of treatment discontinuation.MethodsWe carried out a retrospective dynamic cohort analysis of people living with HIV who started on or switched to dolutegravir‐based ART at the Infectious Diseases Institute in Kampala, Uganda, between February 2017 and December 2020. Types of adverse events (AEs) were classified according to the Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities. Incident rates for AEs and treatment discontinuation were determined using Cox proportional hazard methods.ResultsOf 4529 people living with HIV started on or switched to dolutegravir, 2094 (45.9%) were female, and the median age was 49 years (interquartile range [IQR] 41–56). During 8907.93 person‐years (PY) of follow‐up, 1069 (23.6%; 95% confidence interval [CI] 22.4–24.8) people living with HIV had an AE, at a rate of 10.43 per 1000 PY (95% CI 9.77–11.14). Neuropsychiatric, gastrointestinal, and endocrine AEs were most common. The main AEs driving dolutegravir discontinuation were hyperglycaemia (140/356; 39.3%) and erectile dysfunction (19/356; 5.3%). Only 1.2% (4/356) of the dolutegravir discontinuations were because of neuropsychiatric AEs. Being female (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 1.35; 95% CI 1.02–1.78) and previous use of stavudine (aHR 1.46; 95% CI 1.04–2.05) were the main predictors of neuropsychiatric AEs. Risk factors for hyperglycaemia included being overweight (aHR 1.66; 95% CI 1.11–2.47) or obese (aHR 1.84; 95% CI 1.12–3.05), having hypertension (aHR 1.92; 95% CI 1.35–2.73), having diabetes mellitus (aHR 12.6; 95% CI 8.34–19.1), and taking previous ART containing zidovudine (aHR 1.76; 95% CI 1.19–2.59) or stavudine (aHR 1.68; 95% CI 1.15–2.44). These risk factors for hyperglycaemia were also the main drivers of dolutegravir discontinuation.ConclusionAEs were common in this African cohort, and dolutegravir discontinuation was driven by hyperglycaemia and erectile dysfunction. Previous use of older ART with known mitochondrial toxicity was associated with neuropsychiatric AEs and hyperglycaemia. African countries used these drugs for longer periods, and this may contribute to this risk.
Online Atmospherics: A Systematic Literature Review and Future Research Agenda
Authors: Suraj J. , Joseph Ajay 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTIn the digital era, online atmospherics have emerged as a pivotal factor influencing consumer behavior and engagement in online platforms. Online atmospherics refers to the strategically designed elements of a web environment aimed at stimulating the senses to create positive user experiences and enhance consumer responses. Given the dynamic nature of consumer interactions and technological advancements in digital commerce, the need to study online atmospherics is ever evolving, demanding continuous exploration to adapt and optimize the online shopping experience. A comprehensive review was conducted on 80 articles published between 2000 and 2023, utilizing the integrated ADO–TCM framework. Through the antecedents, decisions, and outcomes (ADO) framework, this study reveals what we know about online atmospherics. The theories, contexts, and methods (TCM) framework reveal how we know about online atmospherics. Moreover, this study aims to identify significant gaps in the current literature and recommend specific future research avenues. This systematic literature review (SLR) serves as a crucial resource for practitioners by providing a comprehensive analysis of effective online atmospherics, aiding in the development of more engaging digital shopping experiences. Simultaneously, it offers scholars a consolidated foundation, facilitating further exploration and innovation in the domain of online atmospherics in emerging channels.