bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Linearly polarized light‐emitting backlight
Authors: Jagt H. J. B. , Cornelissen H. J. , Broer D. J. , Bastiaansen C. W. M. 
Published: January 2005

Abstract—A new polarized backlight system for liquid‐crystal displays (LCDs) is presented in which one linear polarization is preferentially coupled out by anisotropic scattering. The lightguide consists of a polymeric polarization‐dependent scattering film adhered to a transparent polymeric substrate. By changing the scattering power of the film, the polarized light outcoupling angles can be influenced and optimized to achieve a maximum outcoupling centered along the normal direction. The other linear polarization is mainly trapped in the lightguide and is shown to be recycled to enhance the overall light and/or energy efficiency. With a proper substrate choice, the achieved local contrast exceeds 14 over a 50‐mm range. A collimated light input further enhances the polarized contrast to well over 17.
ALIS method for high‐resolution color PDPs
Authors: Kariya Kyoji , Kanazawa Yoshikazu , Hirose Tadatsugu 
Published: January 2005

Abstract—This paper describes the Alternate Lighting of Surfaces (ALIS) method as a promising drive technology which can lead to high‐resolution plasma‐display panels (PDPs). This technology provides a resolution of more than 1000 scanning lines without lowering luminance, thus enabling the essential requirements of HDTV. Moreover, it allows the number of scanning electrodes to be halved in comparison with the conventional method, as well as the circuit scale to be minimized due to the use of the single scanning drive. The ALIS method is expected to be a key technology that will help PDPs penetrate the TV market.
A study on the chromaticity shifts of blue phosphor for color plasma displays
Authors: Zhang Shuxiu , Kokubu Masataka , Fujii Hideki , Uchiike Heiju 
Published: January 2005

Abstract—The dependency of the chromaticity shifts on the concentration of Eu2+ doped in BaMgAl10O17 (BAM) was investigated under heat‐treatment and vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) irradiation. The Eu2+ ions in BAM show an asymmetrical broad emission band with a maximum at ∼452 nm under excitation of VUV light at room temperature, showing that multiple crystalline cationic sites exist in the host. It was found that the chromaticity shifts greatly decrease with increasing heat‐treatment temperature. Regardless of the Eu2+ concentration, the chromaticity shifts caused by heat‐treatment are greater than that caused by VUV irradiation. Compared with conventional BAM, a solid solution of BAM with barium aluminate as a powder and film was also studied, and very few chromacity shifts were observed. It is suggested that the distribution of Eu2+ ions in different sites in a BAM lattice results in different chromaticity coordinates. By increasing the Eu2+ concentration in BAM, or under heat‐treatment and VUV irradiation, the emission band shifts towards longer wavelengths.
Address‐While‐Display technique combined with gas‐discharge AND logic for driving AC‐PDPs
Authors: Ishii Makoto , Saito Kenji , Shiga Tomokazu , Igarashi Kiyoshi , Mikoshiba Shigeo , Lee Jooyul , Kang Kyoung Ho , Kim Heehwan , Park Changbae 
Published: January 2005

Abstract—A hybrid AWD/AND drive technique has been developed in which an Address‐While‐Display (AWD) scheme is combined with an AND logic characteristic that gas discharges demonstrate. The AWD technique enables AC‐PDPs to be driven at high luminance, while the AND logic reduces the number of scan drivers by an order of magnitude. A detailed analysis of the addressing operation has been made. The hybrid drive utilizes the AND logic in two ways: (1) a combination of two voltage pulses and (2) a combination of a voltage pulse and discharge‐priming particles. It was found that the addressing operation requires the establishment of a discharge between the scan and data electrodes, and also between the scan and display electrodes.
Full‐color SVGA+ OLED‐on‐silicon microdisplay
Authors: Prache O. 
Published: January 2005

Abstract—OLED‐on‐silicon microdisplays represent a new generation of microdisplay technology built on conventional integrated circuits. OLED‐on‐silicon offers significant benefits to the realization of active‐matrix microdisplays for a number of commercial and industrial applications. This paper reviews the design, fabrication, and characterization of a full‐color 852 × 600 active‐matrix OLED‐on‐silicon microdisplay.
High‐luminance and highly luminous‐efficient AC‐PDP with DelTA cell structure
Authors: Hashimoto Y. , Seo Y. , Toyoda O. , Betsui K. , Kosaka T. , Namiki F. 
Published: January 2005

Abstract—To improve PDP performance, we developed an AC‐PDP with the Delta Tri‐Color Arrangement (DelTA) cell structure and arc‐shaped electrodes. The experimental panel has a pixel pitch of 1.08 mm and luminous efficacy of 3 lm/W at a luminance of 200 cd/m2 despite its conventional gas mixture of Ne and Xe (4%) and conventional phosphor set. Moreover, its peak luminance can be greater than 1000 cd/m2. The strong dependence of luminous efficacy on the sustain voltage is also discussed in this paper.
Influence of He‐Ne‐Xe gas composition on vacuum ultraviolet ray spectra in plasma‐display panels
Authors: Bu Kyoung‐Ho , Shin Tae Ho , Kim Byung Kuk , Choi Jeong Sik , Kim June Dong 
Published: January 2005

Abstract—The vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) ray emission characteristics for plasma‐display panels (PDPs) were studied with respect to various three‐component (He‐Ne‐Xe) and two‐component (He‐Xe and Ne‐Xe) gas systems. In the 4% Xe‐25% Ne‐He balance and 4% Xe‐He balance, an increase in the pressure contributed to an increase in the 147‐nm atomic emission, and above a certain point this decreased, while in the 4% Xe‐Ne balance it was saturated. The 172‐nm dimer emission showed a nearly linear increasing behavior with pressure and Xe content irrespective of its composition. In the various Xe with 25% Ne‐He balance gases, it was shown that total integrated VUV intensity can directly represent the luminance of real panels with the same gas compositions. Xe‐content variation showed similar characteristics of VUV emission as pressure variation both in two‐component (various Xe‐Ne balance) and three‐component (various Xe‐25% Ne‐He balance) systems. Therefore, different compositions with the same Xe partial pressure showed nearly the same optical properties. For the case of Ne content variation with 4% Xe, the 147‐nm peak increased and the 172‐nm peak decreased to 85% Ne, but above this point both intensities decreased.
Application of a chromium‐free photoresist to CRT screen processing
Authors: van Donkelaar Evert‐Jan , Schultze Juergen , Shibuya Toru , Konai Yutaka , Miyazaki Mitsuharu 
Published: January 2005

Abstract—In 1998, Toyo Gosei Co. published a paper on the development of a new water‐soluble photopolymer of high sensitivity, PVA‐ARBB. In close co‐operation with LG. Philips Displays, the new material was further developed to be applicable in patterning the phosphor layer of a CRT screen. The new material shows about 3 times higher light sensitivity, gives 4–5% higher luminance, has no dark reaction, and is chromium‐free. It is the first chromium‐free photoresist used for phosphor patterning in CRT mass production. A comparison is presented between the conventional resist and the new resist. A survey is given of the most important process conditions.
Characteristics of a high‐Xe‐concentration 4‐in. PDP
Authors: Oversluizen G. , De Zwart S. , Dekker T. , Juestel T. , van Heusden S. 
Published: January 2005

Abstract—The performance of two 4‐in. color PDP test panels with a default and a high‐Xe‐concentration gas mixture will be discussed. The default panel with a gas mixture of 3.5% Xe in Ne and a filling pressure of 665 hPa was compared with a panel containing a gas mixture of 13.5% Xe in Ne and a filling pressure of 800 hPa. The panels contain a green phosphor, YBO3:Tb, which showed less saturation at high UV load compared with a Willemite phosphor. The panel performance was compared in addressed conditions. For the default panel, a white luminance of 710 cd/m2 and an efficacy of 1.6 lm/W was found, while for the high‐Xe‐partial‐pressure panel, a white luminance of 2010 cd/m2 and an efficacy of 3.8 lm/W was realized. The increase of the driving voltages, about 20–30 V, is moderate. Finally, color saturation is improved at high Xe partial pressure.
Precision rubbing supported by fine process analysis
Authors: Tabira Hayami , Inoue Takashi , Yahagi Yasuo , Imayama Hirotaka , Morimoto Masateru 
Published: January 2005

Abstract—Rubbing is still the only practical method by which to attain reliable liquid‐crystal alignment in LCD manufacturing, although a small number of optional methods have been proposed. In order to be able to realize higher alignment performance for future finer displays, we need to look at not only the purpose of the process itself, which is molecular ordering in the alignment layer, but also undesirable side effects, such as contamination, triboelectric charging, and particle generation. The present paper examines the type of surface contamination that occurs during the rubbing process from a fine chemical point of view as well as rubbing‐related problems. A number of ideas are proposed by which to cope with the aforementioned problems, so that this traditional and well‐understood process can be applied much more effectively.
LCD backlights: with or without Hg?
Authors: Shiga T. , Mikoshiba S. 
Published: January 2005

Abstract—High luminance and efficacy vs. temperature independence and environmental protection: these are the determining factors for the choice of Hg or Xe for LCD backlights. A capacity‐coupled cylindrical Hg discharge lamp attains a luminance of 114,000 cd/m2 and an efficacy of 35 lm/W when driven at 5 MHz. On the other hand, a mercury‐free Xe flat discharge backlight produces 11,000 cd/m2 and 30 lm/W, with fast luminance response. This paper discusses the underlying limitations assessed to the Hg and Xe backlights, considering application to LC TVs.
EO characteristics for a photoaligned VA‐1/4 π cell on a photopolymer layer
Authors: Hwang Jeoung‐Yeon , Jeon Yong‐Je , Jo Yong‐Min , Seo Dae‐Shik 
Published: January 2005

Abstract—The generation of a liquid‐crystal (LC) tilt angle on a copolymer with chalconyl and cholesteryl moiety characteristics was performed, and the electro‐optical (EO) performance of the photoaligned vertical‐alignment (VA) 1/4 π cell by polarized UV exposure on a homeotropic photopolymer surfaces was studied. The LC tilt angles decreased as UV exposure time increased on the copolymer surfaces. A tilt angle of 87° in NLC was observed with an UV exposure of 3 min on the photoalignment‐2 surface. The LC tilt angle is attributed to increased chalcone moiety with increasing UV exposure time. Excellent voltage‐transmittance (V‐T) curves of the photoaligned VA 1/4 π cell by polarized UV exposure on the photopolymer surface for 3 min containing a cholesteryl moiety of 8% were obtained. The V‐T and response‐time characteristics can be improved by the presence of a cholesteryl moiety in the photopolymer.
Effect of buffered hydrofluoric acid etching on LCD glass substrates
Authors: Totsuka Hirono , Sato Isao , Yamamoto Hideki , Anma Motoya 
Published: January 2005

Abstract—Buffered hydrofluoric (BHF) acid was used in a TFT manufacturing process as a typical wet chemical agent. Hazing of an LCD glass substrate surface was sometimes observed after BHF chemical treatment during manufacturing. The haze consists of many micro‐sized hillocks on the substrate surface. This paper describes the formation and suppression mechanism of a typical LCD glass substrate made of Corning code 1737 glass. The hillocks were observed on an etched glass surface when NH4F was added with HF as the buffered solution. Among the reaction products, ammonium‐based crystals were partially soluble in the etching solution. These ammonium‐based crystals were formed during BHF etching by masking an area of glass surface until the crystals were dissolved in the etching solution. In addition, hillocks composed of glass substrate material were detected on the masked area. The hillock density contour as the function of HF and NH4F concentration was drawn for an etching rate of from about 0.03 to 0.13 μm/min. Hazing was effectively suppressed by dilution or agitation of BHF.
A proposal for the modification of s‐CIELAB
Authors: Kanazawa Masaru , Hamada Kouichi , Okano Fumio 
Published: January 2005

Abstract—The s‐CIELAB is a powerful tool in evaluating color reproduction errors in images. However, the formula is not yet completed, and a few refinements to the formula will enhance the accuracy of this tool. From a simple simulation, a black‐and‐white pattern causes unexpected false color components when using the s‐CIELAB formula. We show how these false color components are obtained with this formula. The main reason is a combination of components from different lowpass filters (LPFs). We show a method that improves this situation by introducing new psychological values and propose a modification to the formula employed by s‐CIELAB. The new formula is compatible with the psychological values L*u*v*, and a simulation with general images shows that the new method does not cause any false color components.
Development of “Advanced TFT‐LCD” with good legibility under any ambient light intensity
Authors: Kubo Masumi , Ochi Takashi , Narutaki Yozo , Shinomiya Tokihiko , Ishii Yutaka 
Published: January 2005

Abstract—A new LCD referred to as an “Advanced TFT‐LCD” has been developed. It consists of both transmissive and reflective electrodes in every pixel. Its subjective legibility and characteristics, such as contrast ratio, color gamut, and luminance, have been investigated at several ambient illumination intensities. As a result, it was confirmed that Advanced TFT‐LCDs offer better legibility than transmissive LCDs under any ambient illumination intensity.
A silicon‐chip‐based light valve with reflective twisted‐nematic mode for high‐definition projectors
Authors: Hirota Shoichi , Tsumura Makoto , Nakagawa Hideki , Shibata Katsuhiko , Takemoto Iwao 
Published: January 2005

Abstract—Crystalline‐silicon‐chip‐based reflective light valves are suitable for realizing high definition and bright liquid‐crystal projectors. We have developed an XGA (1025 × 769 pixels) silicon‐chip‐based light valve with a diagonal display area of 2.54 cm (1 in.). The reflective twisted‐nematic mode was examined by using the Jones matrix method as a display mode, and the normally white reflective twisted‐nematic mode was selected. This mode is suitable for a narrow cell gap, and a fast response time can be expected. In addition, the driving voltage of this mode is low and has good chromaticity with small retardation. The cell gap of the light valve is 2 μm. The cell gap support is made using spacer posts formed on the silicon chip with a photodefinable resin. The response time is 12 msec, including both rise and fall times. The contrast ratio is more than 1000 at 5 Vrms.
Application of re‐crystallized metal‐induced unilaterally crystallized polycrystalline‐silicon thin‐film‐transistor technology to reflective liquid‐crystaldisplay
Authors: Meng Zhiguo , Li Cathy , Kwok Hoi S. , Wong Man 
Published: January 2005

Abstract—Single‐polarizer reflective twisted‐nematic (RTN) liquid‐crystal modes offer larger viewing angles, higher contrast ratios and lower power dissipation compared to regular double‐polarizer transmissive‐ reflective liquid‐crystal implementations. The application of re‐crystallized metal‐induced unilaterally crystallized polycrystalline‐silicon thin‐film‐transistor (TFT) technology to realize active matrices and peripheral circuit components for hand‐held direct‐view RTN‐mode video displays is reported.
L‐8: Late‐News Paper: Highly Efficient Solution‐Processible Dendrimer LEDs
Authors: Markham J. P. J. , Anthopoulos T. , Magennis S. W. , Samuel I. D. W. , Male N. H. , Salata O. , Lo S.‐C. , Burn P. L. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe recent progress in the development of organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) has opened many avenues for the production of large area, full colour, flexible displays that are cheap to manufacture. Currently most research has focussed on two main classes of materials ‐ small organic molecules and conjugated polymers. An alternative approach is to use conjugated dendrimers. We show that conjugated dendrimers are a promising new class of solution‐processible materials for highly efficient organic LEDs.
9.3: MgxBa1−xAl2S4: Eu Blue Phosphor in Thick Dielectric EL
Authors: Cheong Dan , Nakua Abdul , Del Bel Belluz Paul 
Published: January 2005

AbstractA high luminance inorganic electroluminescent (iEL) blue phosphor, europium doped MgxBa1−xAl2S4, has been developed on iFire substrates using dual source electron beam evaporation. The color performance is L60 >200 cd/m2 with CIE x, y‐coordinates 0.135 and 0.105, respectively, using a 120Hz bipolar pulsed square wave form. Partial substitution of magnesium for barium lowers the annealing temperature of BaAl2S4 phosphor for crystallization, which is an important parameter for fabricating large size inorganic EL devices for such applications as large screen television.
37.1: Flexible Organic Light Emitting Devices Using Conductive Polymeric Anodes
Authors: Kim W. H. , Kafafi Z. H. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractOrganic light emitting devices (OLEDs) have been fabricated on various flexible substrates using conducting polymers as anodes. In this paper we report on the performance of OLEDs using films of highly conductive Poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) anodes without an indium tin oxide under‐layer. The conducting polymer anodes are formed using a simple patterning method.
38.1: Study of Ion Beam Alignment of Liquid Crystals on Polymer Substrates
Authors: West John L. , Su Linli , Artyushkova Kateryna , Farrar Jabari , Fulghum Julia E. , Reznikov Yuri 
Published: January 2005

AbstractVarious polymer substrates, including polyimide and polystyrene were bombarded with Ar+ ion beam in high vacuum at an oblique angle. The alignment direction of liquid crystal 5CB on these polymer substrates is always parallel to the ion beam propagation direction regardless of the type of polymer used. The alignment mechanism is studied using surface sensitive techniques such as Polarized Infrared Attenuated Total Reflection Spectroscopy (ATR), and X‐ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy. We propose that selective destruction of the weakest bonds (π bonds) in the polymer by the Ar+ ion beam results in a net excess of the remaining π bonds that align liquid crystals parallel to the ion beam propagation direction.
38.3: Fast Responce and High Gray Levels Stability of Grid‐Aligned Multi‐Domain (GAMD) VA Mode
Authors: Konovalov V. A. , Muravski A. A. , Timofeev S. N. , Pelzl J. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractElectro‐optic properties of GAMD (grid aligned multi‐domain) textures in homeotropically aligned nematic liquid crystal displays have been studied as a function of grid parameters. It is experimentally verified that with higher height and smaller pitch of grid more stable multi‐domain structure can be reached. Both computations and experimental results are presented.
40.2: A Mercury‐free Backlight with Xe‐CFLs for Car‐navigation Display
Authors: Noguchi Hidehiko , Yano Hidetoshi , Tsuchiya Ryuji , Nakamura Hirozumi 
Published: January 2005

AbstractA mercury‐free backlight in which Xe‐type small diameter CFLs are installed, has been developed. Backlight dimension is wide 7 inches and 10 mm in thickness. The luminance of this backlight is 6,000 cd/m2, light output stability time is wthin 1 second, and dimming capabililty is from 100% to 1% over the wide temperature range. Therefore, it is suitable for a car‐navigation display.
40.3: Mercury Free Excimer Lamp for Automotive and Office Automation
Authors: Doell G. , Rink J. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractIn order to meet the demand for an instant and temperature independent light source the tubular mercury free excimer lamp LINEX® was developed. Further characteristics are the OSRAM proprietary pulsed operation for enhanced efficiency [1] and internal high voltage electrodes [2] for improved safety. Technical features of this novel light source will be presented. First applications are LCD backlighting and office automation.
42.4: Passive Matrix Displays Based on the New Red Emitting Dopant RedATDB
Authors: Hunze A. , Scheffel M. , Birnstock J. , Blässing J. , Kanitz A. , Rajoelson S. , Rogler W. , Wittmann G. , Hartmann H. , Winnacker A. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractWe present investigations on a new red emitting dye RedATDB. Doping small concentrations of RedATDB in an Alq3 host leads to red OLEDs (x=0.650, y=0.346) with good efficiency values (4.3 cd/A; 2.1 lm/W @ 100 cd/m2). To test our material for display applications, we produced monochrome red passive matrix displays (32 × 100 pixels). With appropriate display measurement equipment we investigate the pixel resolved electrical (I‐V) and optical (luminance) characteristics. Homogenous pixel performance data in terms of luminance and driving voltage has been observed.
44.4: Non‐destructive Measuring Device for Stress Profiles in CRT Panels
Authors: Pralle Jens 
Published: January 2005

AbstractSchott has developed a stress‐measuring device based on the scattered light method. Automation of light analysis and software‐based calculation of stress values gives an accurate profile of the through wall stress in a CRT panel. The method is non‐destructive, only a nearly flat (spheres larger than 1 meter radius) surface is a prerequisite. In this paper, we describe the performance and restrictions of this stress‐measuring device for CRT panel glass. We show the advantages in comparison to other methods related to sampling time, measuring cycle time, repeatability of results. Possible applications in the glass‐ and tube‐makers process are discussed. Typical results are shown.
47.2: Hole Injection and Power Efficiency of Organic Light Emitting Diodes with Ultra‐Thin Inorganic Buffer Layer on Indium Tin Oxide
Authors: Qiu Chengfeng , Chen Haiying , Xie Zhiliang , Wong Man , Kwok Hoi‐Sing 
Published: January 2005

AbstractITO capped with a variety of ultra‐thin metal layers such as platinum, manganese, nickel, gold, lead, magnesium, and non‐metal layer such as, carbon, gallium, silicon, has been used as hole‐injecting anode in organic light‐emitting diodes consisting of CuPc/TPD/Alq3. Enhancement in hole injection but not current nor power efficiencies have been obtained in devices with metal‐capped ITO, regardless of the work‐function of the metals. For devices with silicon‐capped anodes, improvements in hole injection, current and power efficiencies have been obtained.
48.4: Invited Paper: Fast Response OCB‐LCD for TV Applications
Authors: Kumagawa Katsuhiko , Takimoto Akio , Wakemoto Hirofumi 
Published: January 2005

AbstractOCB‐LCD has fast response characteristics. In particular, the response time toward black state is less than 1 msec. It enables us to insert a black period between continuous two frames to make “pseudo‐impulse” response on LCD. Subjective evaluation is carried out to clarify the effect of the black period. Viewing angle characteristics are also investigated.
49.1: Development of Highly Rigid Shadow Mask for Color CRTs
Authors: Matsudate Noriharu , Nishizawa Masahiro 
Published: January 2005

AbstractCladed steel plate is applied to make shadow mask rigid. It is confirmed that two layers Claded structure is not suitable for the shadow mask material because of bi‐metal action. The internal stress accumulation mechanism was discovered in three layers Claded structure and that improves the shadow mask rigidity by 60%.