bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of β‐Toxin of Staphylococcus aureus on Ciliary Activity of Nasal Epithelial Cells
Authors: Seop Kim Chung , Jeon Sea‐Yuong , Min Yang‐Gi , Rhyoo Chan , Kim Jeong‐Whun , Bock Yun Ja , Park Seok‐Won , Kwon Tae‐Young 
Published: November 2003

AbstractObjectives To investigate the in vitro effects of staphylococcal β‐to‐in on ciliary activity and the in vivo effects on sinusitis induction.Study Design The in vitro effects of staphylococcal β‐to‐in on ciliary activity were investigated at different concentrations and e‐posure times. E‐perimental sinusitis was induced in rabbits with application of β‐to‐in and confirmed 7 days later.Methods Ciliated epithelial cells were taken from the ma‐illary sinus mucosa of 10 rabbits. Five culture dishes from each rabbit were used for the e‐perimental group, and one culture dish from each rabbit was used for the control group. In the experimental group, ciliary beat frequency (CBF) was measured at concentrations of 0.1, 1, 2, 5 and 10 U/mL of β‐toxin using a video‐computerized analysis technique, while in the control group, culture medium containing no toxin was used. CBF was measured 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24, and 48 hours after administration of β‐toxin. To induce experimental sinusitis, 2 U/mL of β‐toxin was percutaneously applied to the maxillary sinus of 10 rabbits without occlusion of the natural ostium, while normal saline was percutaneously applied to the right‐side maxillary sinus of 4 rabbits in the control group. At 7 days, mucosal membranes were taken from the inferomedial wall of the maxillary sinus for light microscopic study.Results CBF dropped significantly after an 8‐hour incubation at 2, 5, and 10 U/mL of β‐to‐in. No ciliary activity was observed after a 24‐hour incubation at 2 and 5 U/mL and a 12‐hour incubation at 10 U/mL of β‐to‐in. Mucoid, purulent discharge was observed in the ma‐illary sinuses of the β‐to‐in–applied group. Prominent epithelial disruption and infiltration of inflammatory cells into the epithelium and lamina propria were observed in the β‐to‐in–applied group.Conclusions Staphylococcal β‐to‐in may reduce ciliary activity and induce sinusitis without occlusion of the natural ostium of the ma‐illary sinus in rabbits. This study provides another animal model of sinusitis for understanding the pathogenesis of sinusitis induced by bacterial e‐oto‐ins.
Post‐traumatic Olfactory Dysfunction
Authors: Kern R. C. , Quinn B. , Rosseau G. , Farbman A. I. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractObjectives This study demonstrates histopathologic and immunocytochemical changes in the olfactory bulb of a patient with post‐traumatic olfactory dysfunction. These results are analyzed in light of current understanding of the pathophysiology of anosmia and dysosmia following head trauma. Emphasis is placed on potential mechanisms of human regeneration and recovery.Study Design The current study documents the history of a patient with the initial complaint of complete anosmia following minor head trauma. Two months after the injury the patient developed persistent, severe dysosmia with debilitating weight loss. Neurosurgical treatment, including removal of the olfactory bulbs and tracts, resulted in permanent resolution of dysosmia.Methods Histopathologic and immunocytochemical analysis of the olfactory bulbs was undertaken and compared with age‐matched control tissue.Results Pathological analysis of the olfactory bulb revealed a marked reduction in the number of nerve processes with few intact olfactory glomeruli compared with an age‐matched control. Specific immunohistochemical staining for the olfactory neuron‐specific protein OMP, however, demonstrated the presence of intact axonal projections between the olfactory mucosa and the bulb.Conclusions These results support the hypothesis that post‐traumatic anosmia involves, at least in part, damage to peripheral olfactory nerve fibers with histological changes in the olfactory bulb. Potential mechanisms for the development of post‐traumatic dysosmia are also discussed.
The Management of Laryngeal Fractures Using Internal Fixation
Authors: de Mello‐Filho Francisco V. , Carrau Ricardo L. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractBackground Laryngeal fracture is a rare injury with the potential to affect all functions of the larynx. Restoration of the laryngeal framework is critical for the rehabilitation of laryngeal function.Objective To ascertain the efficacy of adaptation plate fixation (APF) to repair the laryngeal skeleton.Study Design Retrospective review of the clinical data of all patients who underwent APF of laryngeal fractures from January 1989 to September 1999.Results Our series consisted of 16 men and 4 women presenting with laryngeal fractures caused by blunt (n = 16) or penetrating (n = 4) trauma. Most of these patients presented with severe fractures classified as category III (n = 6), IV (n = 10), or V (n = 1), according to the Schaefer‐Fuhrman classification.All patients who required a tracheotomy (n = 13) were de‐cannulated. Nineteen of the 20 patients recovered a social voice. The e‐ception was a patient with aphasia secondary to head trauma. No patient had aspiration problems. We encountered no complication associated with the use of APF.Conclusion APF is an effective and well‐tolerated method to repair laryngeal fractures.
Outcome Analysis of Cochlear Implant Reimplantation in Children
Authors: Parisier Simon C. , Chute Patricia M. , Popp Amy L. , Suh Gerald D. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractObjectives We review our e‐perience gained in performing cochlear reimplantation in 25 children who have had multichannel cochlear implant device failure at the Cochlear Implant Center of the Manhattan Eye, Ear and Throat Hospital and Lenox Hill Hospital (New York, NY), to assess the feasibility of cochlear reimplantation in children and the effect of reinsertion on audiological performance.Study Design We retrospectively analyzed the outcome of 27 consecutive multichannel cochlear implant reinsertions performed in 25 children at the Manhattan Eye, Ear and Throat Hospital and Leno‐ Hill Hospital. These reimplantations were performed between 1990 and 1999, with a minimum follow‐up of 6 months for both surgical and audiological performance.Methods Charts were reviewed for patient factors, findings at the time of initial operation and repeat operation, and results of audiological testing both before and after reimplantation.Results Surgical complications of reimplantation included two intraoperative cerebral spinal fluid leaks and two late postoperative flap breakdowns with implant e‐trusions. For the most part, depth of electrode insertion was unchanged. Open‐set speech recognition scores and speech perception abilities remained stable or improved compared with results before reimplantation.Conclusion Our results confirm that cochlear implant reimplantation is technically feasible and allows for continued auditory development for the child who has a cochlear implant device failure.
Building the Powerful 10‐Minute Office Visit: Part II. Beginning a Critical Literature Review
Authors: Neely J. Gail , Hartman James M. , Wallace Mark S. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractObjective This is the second part in a series of sequential Tutorials in Clinical Research. The objective of this tutorial is to introduce methods of searching the vast stores of information now available, to review some of the computer resources available, to reintroduce the concept of an a priori design for the search, and to reveal the need for assessment of the clinical importance and validity of each pertinent article found.Study Design Tutorial.Methods An open working group has been formed with the specific aim of surveying and translating the large volume of complex information on research design and statistics into easily understood, useable, and non‐threatening tutorials for the busy practitioner. The hypotheses under which this work is conducted are highly intelligent, but extremely busy, surgeons are interested in evidence‐based medicine and will increase personal participation in critical reading of the literature, pending an expanded familiarity with clinical research design and statistics.Results Available resources for literature searching, methods of quick personal overviews, and quick question‐specific reviews are discussed. Additionally, the methods, with examples, of beginning a critical literature review are presented.Conclusions Rapid, personal, critical literature review requires succinct formulation of the question, efficient search for the best available evidence, and critical appraisal of the pertinent individual articles to determine if sufficient evidence exists to support a clinical contention.
A New Clinical Classification for Usher's Syndrome Based on a New Subtype of Usher's Syndrome Type I
Authors: Otterstedde Christian R. , Spandau Ulrich , Blankenagel Anita , Kimberling William J. , Reisser Christoph 
Published: November 2003

AbstractObjectives Usher's syndrome is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by sensorineural hearing loss and progressive visual loss secondary to retinitis pigmentosa. Usher's syndrome is both clinically and genetically heterogeneous. Three clinical types are known today.Methods We conducted a study on 74 patients with Usher's syndrome, performing complete audiological and neurotological e‐aminations.Results Twenty‐si‐ patients had total profound hearing loss and retinitis pigmentosa (Usher's syndrome type I), and 48 patients had moderate to severe sensorineural hearing loss and retinitis pigmentosa (Usher's syndrome type II). We identified 9 of the 26 Usher's syndrome patients with profound hearing loss who showed a normal response to bithermal vestibular testing.Conclusions The combination of profound hearing loss and normal response to bithermal vestibular testing has not been previously described in Usher's syndrome. Therefore we describe a new subtype of Usher's syndrome type I and suggest a modified clinical classification for Usher's syndrome.
Spontaneous Otoacoustic Emissions in Humans With Endolymphatic Hydrops
Authors: Haginomori Shin‐Ichi , Makimoto Kazuo , Tanaka Hitoshi , Araki Michitoshi , Takenaka Hiroshi 
Published: November 2003

AbstractObjective/Methods The origin and clinical implications of spontaneous otoacoustic emissions (SOAEs) have not been well revealed. To investigate the relationship between the ear with endolymphatic hydrops and SOAE, SOAEs were measured in 31 patients with unilateral endolymphatic hydrops and 10 volunteers with normal hearing levels that had less than 25 dB hearing level (HL) on average for five frequencies (0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 kHz).Results SOAEs were detected in 18 (58%) of the 31 ears with hydrops. In 15 hydropic ears in which the hearing levels were less than 25 dB HL on average, SOAEs were observed in 11 (73%). The results of examining the relationship between changes in hearing level after administering the glycerol test and SOAE frequency showed that four (50%) of eight hydropic ears had SOAEs that were detectable between the frequency in which hearing level improved more than 5 dB and the frequency with no hearing level change in the audiogram. In 28 contralateral ears, except for three cases of delayed endolymphatic hydrops, SOAEs were detected in 17 (61%). In 14 contralateral ears in which the hearing levels were less than 25 dB HL on average for the five frequencies noted above, SOAEs were observed in nine ears (64%). In 20 normal ears, SOAEs were detected in eight (40%). Prevalence of SOAEs in hydropic ears and contralateral ears of the patients with unilateral hydrops tended to be greater than that in normal ears; however, there was no significant statistical difference between them.Conclusion The present results suggest that it is not possible to mention the characteristics of SOAE in the hydropic ear only in terms of the prevalence of SOAEs. SOAEs may occur in a specific portion of the basilar membrane corresponding to the frequency in which hearing levels improve after the glycerol test, in some cases with endolymphatic hydrops.
A Prospective Study of p53 Expression and Its Correlation With Clinical Response of Radiotherapy in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Authors: Ho Kuen‐Yao , Kuo Wen‐Rei , Chai Chee‐Yin , Tsai Shih‐Meng , Sheu Sheng‐Hsiung , Wu Shu‐Chuan , Juan Kai‐Hui 
Published: November 2003

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a common malignant neoplasm of the head and neck that occurs in people in the southeastern Asian area, including Taiwan. The significant association of p53 expression in NPC suggested that p53 overexpression seemed to occur at an early stage in the development of NPC. Alterations of p53 status were probably the most commonly encountered in head and neck carcinomas, and there was extensive evidence that p53 status might determine tumor response to therapy. Ionizing radiation was studied extensively for the relationship between its damaging effect and p53 status in human cancer cells.Study Design This study was carried out to investigate whether there was any correlation between overexpression of p53 protein and locoregional tumor response in patients with NPC treated with 7000 cGy of radiotherapy.Methods Sixty‐eight patients (50 males, 18 females) with NPC who were diagnosed and treated with radiotherapy were studied prospectively. Before they had received a radiation dose of 7000 cGy in 35 fractions, five fractions a week, p53 status from a nasopharyngeal biopsy was studied using immunohistochemical staining (IHC).Results The locoregional response rate of primary tumor was analyzed statistically. Forty‐seven patients (69.1%) showed positive p53 staining in their tumors. There were 5 positive stains in 6 squamous cell carcinomas (SCC; 83.3%), 34 positive in 53 non‐keratinizing carcinomas (NKC; 64.2%), and 8 positive in 9 undifferentiated carcinomas (UC; 88.9%). The mean ages for patients with three different histopathologies were 48.5, 46.1, and 61.1 years. There were 8 patients (7 positive stains, 1 negative stain) with residual tumor after radiotherapy and all were NKC (6 males, 2 females). Therefore, the clinical response rate of primary tumor was 85.1% in positive p53 immunostaining (40 of 47 cases), 95.2% in those with no immunostaining (20 of 21 cases); the former was poorer in locoregional tumor response than the latter, but there was no significant difference (P >.05, ξ2 test).Conclusions We conclude that there is no statistically significant correlation in locoregional response of primary tumor between p53 overexpression and radiotherapy in patients with NPC (P >.05, Fisher exact test).
Cancer Induction in the DMBA Hamster Cheek Pouch: A Modified Technique Using a Promoter
Authors: Wani Manish K. , Yarber Robert H. , Ahmed Asif , Hengesteg Arne , Robbins K. T. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractObjective To evaluate a modified method of carcinogenesis induction using the 9,10‐dimethyl‐1,2‐benzanthracene (DMBA) sustained‐release suture technique followed by arecaidine promotion in the hamster cheek pouch model.Study Design Prospective, controlled animal study.Methods Number 3‐0 cotton sutures were impregnated with DMBA and coated with silicone elastomer. These sutures were placed in the cheek pouch of Syrian hamsters in the submucosal space to a length of approximately 1.5 cm. The suture placement was confirmed every 2 weeks and replaced if lost. After 12 weeks, the DMBA‐coated sutures were removed. The cheek pouches were everted and painted with a solution of arecaidine three times weekly for up to an additional 4 weeks or until the tumor reached a size of 100 mm2.Results We placed sutures in 165 Syrian hamster cheek pouches. Of these, 133 hamsters (80.6%) produced squamous cell carcinomas that reached a size of 100 mm2 and then were randomly selected for treatment in a new drug trial. Twenty‐six hamsters (15.8%) were found dead and 6 (3.6%) were killed because of severe inflammation.Conclusions The DMBA hamster cheek pouch model is a reliable and efficient animal model for inducing squamous cell carcinoma and can be used to study upper aerodigestive tract tumors.
Changes in Serum Interferon‐γ, Interleukin‐4, and Interleukin‐12 Cytokine Levels in Anti‐Histamine Type 2–Treated Allergic Rhinitis Patients
Authors: Testa Benedetto , Mesolella Carlo , Mosti Maria R. , Mesolella Massimo , Testa Domenico , Motta Gaetano 
Published: November 2003

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis Markedly elevated immunoglobulin E (IgE) synthesis characterizes allergic diseases. Interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ) and interleukin‐4 (IL‐4) regulate IgE synthesis. It has been shown that immunotherapy and histamine type 2 (H2) receptor antagonists induce a clinical improvement, decrease IgE antibodies, and increase T‐cell subsets, which express a suppressor function. In addition, immunotherapy brings about a reduction in the amount of IL‐4 in T‐cell clones of allergic individuals. The purpose of this study was to investigate the profile of cytokines IFNγ and IL‐4 that occurs in vivo in anti‐H2–treated patients with allergic rhinitis (AR).Methods Enrolled were 65 AR patients with sensitivity to a single allergen, the Parietaria, 36 of whom were randomly assigned to treatment with ranitidine at a dosage of 1 mg/kg per day intravenously for 20 days, and 29 to placebo treatment.Results A comparison of the serum cytokine values recorded before and after anti‐H2 treatment showed a significant increase in INF‐γ serum level (P = .003) and a decrease in IL‐4 (P = .016). Negligible variations were found in the placebo‐treated group.Conclusion H2 antagonists probably induce their effects by enhancing the amount of IFN‐γ and by reducing IL‐4 cytokines, which, respectively, induce a decrease and an increase in the IgE synthesis.
Regulation of Mucociliary Motility by Nitric Oxide and Expression of Nitric Oxide Synthase in the Human Sinus Epithelial Cells
Authors: Kim Jeong‐Whun , Min Yang‐Gi , Rhee Chae‐Seo , Lee Chul‐Hee , Koh Young Yull , Rhyoo Chan , Kwon Tae‐Young , Park Seok‐Won 
Published: November 2003

AbstractObjectives This study was performed to investigate the changes in ciliary beat frequency (CBF) after treatment with L‐arginine in the human sinus mucosa and to determine the distribution of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in the healthy sinus mucosa.Study Design/Methods CBF was measured in the sphenoid sinus mucosa of 12 patients who underwent trans‐septal trans‐sphenoidal hypophysectomy for the treatment of pituitary gland tumor. CBF was measured over 24 hours in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) after treatment with L‐arginine, its inactive spatial isomer D‐arginine, or an NOS inhibitor, NG‐nitro‐L‐arginine methyl ester (L‐NAME). DMEM without treatment with these materials was used as a control. Other pieces of the mucosa were exposed to L‐NAME and its inactive spatial isomer D‐NAME after preincubation with L‐arginine. The specimens were immunohistochemically stained for iNOS and eNOS.Results CBF increased 24 hours after treatment with L‐arginine as compared with control groups. CBF increased in proportion to the increasing concentrations of L‐arginine. There was no significant change after treatment with D‐arginine or L‐NAME. CBF increased after treatment with L‐arginine at 30 minutes and maintained for 24 hours. L‐NAME inhibited the increase in CBF by L‐arginine, but D‐NAME showed no such effect. Immunoreactivity to both iNOS and eNOS was frequently observed in the ciliated epithelial cells and was stronger to eNOS than to iNOS.Conclusions From the results of this study it is suggested that nitric oxide (NO) produced by iNOS and eNOS using L‐arginine may increase CBF in the healthy sinus mucosa and that NO may have a regulatory function in ciliary motility in the human sinus mucosa.
Effectiveness of Adenoidectomy and Laser Tympanic Membrane Fenestration
Authors: Cook Steven P. , Brodsky Linda , Reilly James S. , Deutsch Ellen , Waner Milton , Brookhouser Patrick , Pizzuto Michael , Poje Christopher , Nagy Mark , Shaha Steven H. , Chait David , Bower Charles 
Published: November 2003

AbstractObjective Adenoidectomy alone or with tonsillectomy (A±T) is an effective surgical intervention in the management of otitis media in children, especially when it is performed in conjunction with insertion of pressure equalization tubes (PETs). Otorrhea and persistent tympanic membrane (TM) perforation are frequent complications. This study evaluates the effectiveness of intermediate duration middle ear ventilation using laser tympanic membrane fenestration (LTMF) without tube insertion and as an adjunct to adenoidectomy in resolving middle ear disease within the first 90 days after surgery.Study Design This pilot study was a multicenter, prospective clinical cohort trial. Institutional review board approval and informed consent were obtained. The study involved four tertiary care pediatric otolaryngology departments. Fifty children (96 ears) were treated with LTMF in conjunction with A±T from June 1, 1998, through March 30, 1999. Ages ranged from 9 months to 12 years. Patients undergoing A±T who would have been recommended for PET insertion instead underwent middle ear ventilation with LTMF using the OtoLAM™ device (ESC/Sharplan, Yokneam, Israel). Patients were seen at 30, 60, and 90 days postoperatively. Resolution of otitis media with effusion was determined by clinical examination, which included pneumatic otoscopy, audiometry, and tympanometry.Results Of the treated ears, 88%, 86%, and 83% had clinical resolution of middle ear disease at 30, 60, and 90 days, respectively. Preoperatively, 45% (n = 85) of ears had normal hearing; 92% (n = 49) had normal hearing at 90 days. Eighty‐nine percent (n = 92) had type C2 or B tympanograms preoperatively, and 12% (n = 60) had type C2 or B at 90 days.Conclusion Laser tympanic membrane fenestration in conjunction with adenoidectomy was effective in restoring normal middle ear function at 90 days post‐treatment in greater than 80% of children who otherwise may have had placement of PETs.
Prevention of Vomiting After Tonsillectomy in Children: Granisetron Versus Ramosetron
Authors: Fujii Yoshitaka , Saitoh Yuhji , Kobayashi Noriaki 
Published: November 2003

AbstractObjective/Hypothesis Granisetron, a selective 5‐hydroxytryptamine type 3 receptor antagonist, is effective for the prevention of vomiting after tonsillectomy in children. Ramosetron (Nasea; Yamanouchi; Tokyo, Japan), another new antagonist of 5‐hydroxytryptamione type 3 receptor, has more potent and longer‐acting properties than granisetron (Kytril; Smith Kline Beecham, London, UK) against cisplatin‐induced emesis. This study was undertaken to compare the efficacy and safety of granisetron and ramosetron for the prevention of vomiting after pediatric tonsillectomy.Study Design Prospective, randomized, double‐blinded study.Methods Ninety pediatric patients, aged 4 to 10 years, received intravenously granisetron 40 μg/kg or ramosetron 6 μg/kg (n = 45 each) at the end of surgery. The same standard general anesthetic technique and postoperative analgesia were used throughout. Emetic episodes and safety assessment were performed during the first 24‐hour period and the next 24‐hour period after anesthesia.Results The rates of patients being emesis‐free during the period from 0 to 24 hours after anesthesia were 89% with granisetron and 93% with ramosetron, respectively (P = .357); the corresponding rates during the period from 24 to 48 hours after anesthesia were 71% and 93%, respectively (P = .006). No clinically serious adverse events attributable to the study drugs were observed in any of the groups.Conclusion Ramosetron is a better antiemetic than granisetron for the long‐term prevention of postoperative vomiting in children undergoing general anesthesia for tonsillectomy.