bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultrafast snapshots of terahertz electric potentials across ring-shaped quantum barriers
Authors: Kang Taehee , Kim Richard H. J. , Lee Jinwoo , Seo Minah , Kim Dai-Sik 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Probing the time evolution of the terahertz electric field within subwavelength dimensions plays a crucial role in observing the nanoscale lightwave interactions with fundamental excitations in condensed-matter systems and in artificial structures, such as metamaterials. Here, we propose a novel probing method for measuring terahertz electric potentials across nanogaps using a combination of optical and terahertz pulse excitations. To achieve this, we employ ring-shaped nanogaps that enclose a metallic island, allowing us to capture tunneling charges when subjected to terahertz electromagnetic pulse illumination. By controlling and manipulating the terahertz tunneling charges through a focused optical gate pulse, we can obtain the terahertz potential strength as a function of spatial coordinates and time delays between pulses. To accurately quantify the time evolution of terahertz electric potential across quantum barriers, we carefully calibrate the recorded nonlinear tunneling current. Its on-resonance and off-resonance behaviors are also discussed, providing valuable insights into the antenna’s characteristics and performance.
Crystal structure of (5R,8R,9R,10R,12R,13R,14R, 17S,17Z)-2-((3-fluoropyridin-4-yl)methylene)-12-hydroxy-4,4,8,10,14-pentamethyl-17-((R)-2,6,6-trimethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)hexadecahydro-3H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-one, C36H52FNO3
Authors: Liu Zi-Yu , Wang Wen-Shui , Jiang Sheng , Zhao Feng-Lan , Meng Qing-Guo 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
C36H52FNO3, orthorhombic, P212121 (no. 19), a = 7.8101(5) Å, b = 13.1592(7) Å, c = 30.5721(15) Å, V = 3142.0(3) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0488, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1048, T = 293 K.
Effects of Joule heating and reaction mechanisms on couple stress fluid flow with peristalsis in the presence of a porous material through an inclined channel
Authors: Ravikumar S. , Rafiq Maimona , Abduvalieva Dilsora , Awwad Fuad A. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The objective of this study is to assess the flow behavior of the peristalsis mechanism of a couple stress fluid in incorporating a porous material. In addition, reaction mechanism and Ohmic heating are also taken into consideration with slip boundary conditions. For the purposes of mathematical simulation, we assume a long-wavelength approximation, ignoring the wave number and taking a low Reynolds number into account. The obtained outcome is shown in a graphical manner and then analyzed. The results of this investigation reveal that when the Hartmann number improves, the pattern of velocity noticeably decelerates. The Lorentz forces have a retarding impact on the velocity of the fluid from a physical standpoint. As the couple stress variable rises, so does the velocity of the fluid. As the couple stress component increases, the skin friction coefficient increases in one region of the fluid channel and falls in another region, between x = 0.5 and x = 1. As the thermal slip variable rises, more heat is transferred through the surface to the fluid, resulting in a rise in the temperature profile. When the couple stress variable is raised, the Nusselt number rises, while the thermal radiation factor causes the Nusselt number to decline. The results showed a positive relationship between the Sherwood number and the reaction mechanism parameter. This study demonstrates the potential use of this research in the fields of a career in engineering, namely, in enhancing hydraulic systems, as well as in medicine, particularly in optimizing gastrointestinal processes. The process of dissection facilitates the unimpeded circulation of blood and lymph inside the vascular system of the body, enabling the delivery of oxygen to tissues and the elimination of waste materials.
Phosphatase specificity principles uncovered by MRBLE:Dephos and global substrate identification
Authors: Hein Jamin B , Nguyen Hieu T , Garvanska Dimitriya H , Nasa Isha , Kruse Thomas , Feng Yinnian , Lopez Mendez Blanca , Davey Norman , Kettenbach Arminja N , Fordyce Polly M , Nilsson Jakob 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPhosphoprotein phosphatases (PPPs) regulate major signaling pathways, but the determinants of phosphatase specificity are poorly understood. This is because methods to investigate this at scale are lacking. Here, we develop a novel in vitro assay, MRBLE:Dephos, that allows multiplexing of dephosphorylation reactions to determine phosphatase preferences. Using MRBLE:Dephos, we establish amino acid preferences of the residues surrounding the dephosphorylation site for PP1 and PP2A‐B55, which reveals common and unique preferences. To compare the MRBLE:Dephos results to cellular substrates, we focused on mitotic exit that requires extensive dephosphorylation by PP1 and PP2A‐B55. We use specific inhibition of PP1 and PP2A‐B55 in mitotic exit lysates coupled with phosphoproteomics to identify more than 2,000 regulated sites. Importantly, the sites dephosphorylated during mitotic exit reveal key signatures that are consistent with MRBLE:Dephos. Furthermore, integration of our phosphoproteomic data with mitotic interactomes of PP1 and PP2A‐B55 provides insight into how binding of phosphatases to substrates shapes dephosphorylation. Collectively, we develop novel approaches to investigate protein phosphatases that provide insight into mitotic exit regulation.
Navigating wartime communications: multinational corporations in the Russia-Ukraine war
Authors: Kulikov Volodymyr , Simanovskyy Mykhaylo , Eichenberg Abigail , Braese Ksenija Angelina 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis article explores the communication strategies of multinational corporations in response to the Russo-Ukrainian War and the public pressure to divest from the Russian domestic market. By content analyzing official statements from the top 50 revenue-generating multinational corporations in Russia, the article identifies patterns in corporate narratives about the war, their actions and concerns, and potential solutions. The findings reveal that most companies declare scaling down their presence in Russia while maintaining certain basic obligations, prioritizing employee safety, and expressing concerns about the global economy. While few explicitly condemn Russia's aggression, many adopt neutral language to avoid naming Russia as the aggressor. Corporations emphasize the importance of diplomacy, adherence to international law, and the pursuit of peace, but often avoid proposing concrete solutions. Despite variations across industries, countries of origin, and decisions to stay or leave Russia, the differences in statements were not significant. The uniformity of corporate statements and evidence that companies frequently do not follow their declared promises suggest potential “bluewashing” – making vague or false claims of social responsibility or anti-war stances to improve their public image. These findings emphasize the need for multinational corporations to develop sincere and original wartime communication strategies.
Geological Characteristics and Controlling Factors of Shale Gas in the Permian Shanxi Formation, the Southern North China Basin
Authors: Wang Wei , Liang Qingshao , Tian Jingchun , Zhang Xiang 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Energy resources exploration has been taking place in the Southern North China Basin (SNCB) for decades, but no big breakthroughs have been made. A case study focusing on the Lower Permian Shanxi Formation in the Taikang Uplift of the SNCB is presented in this paper; based on the practice of shale gas exploration, we summarize the geological characteristics, geochemical characteristics, mineral characteristics, and pore type and analyze the exploration potential shale gas. The type of organic matter in the studied strata is mainly type III, the vitrinite reflectance (Ro) is between 2.1% and 3.4%, the average total organic carbon content is 1.66%, the mineral of shale is mainly composed of quartz and clay, and the main reservoir space types are mineral pores and microfractures. Through comprehensive evaluation, the sedimentary environment, organic matter abundance, physical properties, and mineral composition control the shale gas accumulation in the studied area.
Spent coffee grounds as a suitable alternative to standard soil in ecotoxicological tests
Authors: Mendes Luís André , Domínguez Jorge 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Eisenia andrei is considered in OECD and ISO guidelines to be a suitable replacement for Eisenia fetida in ecotoxicological assays. This suggests that other alternative materials and methods could also be used in standard procedures for toxicity testing. The guidelines also favour using less time-consuming procedures and reducing costs and other limitations to ecotoxicological assessments.
In recent years, spent coffee grounds (SCG) have been used to produce vermicompost and biochar and as an additive to organic fertilizers. In addition, the physico-chemical characteristics of SCG indicate that the material is a suitable substrate for earthworms, with the organisms performing as well as in natural soil.
In the present study a battery of ecotoxicological tests was established with unwashed and washed SCG and a natural reference soil (LUFA 2.2). The test substrates were spiked with different concentrations of silver nitrate. Survival and reproduction of the earthworm E. andrei were assessed under the different conditions, along with substrate basal respiration (SBR) as a proxy for microbial activity. Seedling emergence and the germination index of Lepidium sativum were also determined, following standard guidelines.
Exposure to silver nitrate had similar effects on earthworm survival and reproduction, as the estimated effective concentrations (EC10 and EC50) in unwashed SCG and LUFA 2.2 overlapped. A hormetic effect was observed for SBR in LUFA 2.2 spiked with 12.8 mg/kg but not in unwashed SCG. Both SBR and root development were inhibited by similar concentrations of silver nitrate in washed SCG.
The findings indicate that unwashed SCG could potentially be used as a substrate in E. andrei toxicity tests and support the eventual inclusion of this material in the standard guidelines.
General purpose programmable photonic processor for advanced radiofrequency applications
Authors: Capmany Jose , Perez-Lopez Daniel , Gutierrez Ana , Sanchez David , Hernandez Aitor Lopez , Gutierrez Mikel , Sanchez Erica , Fernández Juan , Cruz Alejandro , Quiros Alberto , Xie Zhenyun , Benitez Jesus , Bekesi Nandor , Santome Alejandro , Perez-Galacho Diego , DasMahapatra Prometheus , Macho Andres 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Programmable photonic circuits manipulate the flow of light on a chip by electrically controlling a set of tunable analog gates connected by optical waveguides 1,2. Light is distributed and spatially rerouted to implement various linear functions by interfering signals along different paths. A general-purpose photonic processor can be built by integrating this flexible hardware in a technology stack comprising an electronic monitoring and controlling layer and a software layer for resource control and programming 3,4. This processor can leverage the unique properties of photonics in terms of ultra-high bandwidth, high-speed operation, and low power consumption while operating in a complementary and synergistic way with electronic processors. These features are key in applications such as next-generation 5/6G wireless systems, autonomous driving, and aerospace, where a number of functionalities such as reconfigurable filtering, frequency conversion, arbitrary waveform generation, and beamforming are currently provided by microwave photonic subsystems 5, which cannot be scaled down. Here we report the first general-purpose programmable processor with the remarkable capability to implement all the required basic functionalities of a microwave photonic system by suitable programming of its resources. The processor is fabricated in a silicon photonics platform and incorporates for the first time to our knowledge the full photonic/electronic and software stack. Our findings indicate that this processor can work in frequency ranges of up to 100 GHz featuring power consumption values in the order of a few watts. The possibility of implementing all the functionalities with a single chip opens the path to scale down the processor size to dimensions compatible with the requirements of next-generation millimeter-wave base stations and satellites 6,7. We anticipate that this photonic processor will be useful in an unconstrained number of applications such as photonic computing 8, advanced communications 9, lidar 10, and microwave spectroscopy 11
Reversible Watermark Algorithm Based on the Diamond Pixel Pairs Complementary Embedding
Authors: Zhang Zhengwei , Li Fenfen , Li Xiu , Liu Yu , Zhang Xinlei , Jin Shenghua 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
To enhance the invisibility of existing reversible watermarking algorithms and improve the embedding capacity, a reversible watermarking algorithm based on diamond pixel pairs complementary embedding is proposed. To prevent pixel value overflow, the carrier image is preprocessed and divided into blocks first. Then the pixel blocks are divided into two half-planes, gray and white. Finally, the watermark is embedded in the horizontal and vertical directions: the target pixel in the smooth pixel block and the 4 reference pixels in the cross neighborhood are subtracted, and the histogram is constructed according to the difference value. The first embedding is performed in the gray half-plane using the histogram shift method, and then the second embedding is performed in the white half-plane. The same method is used in the vertical direction to embed to balance the distortion caused by the horizontal embedding process. The experimental results show that under the same embedding capacity, the mean PSNR (Peak to signal noise ratio) of this algorithm is 6.92 dB higher than that of the non-complementary embedding scheme; compared with other related algorithms, under the same PSNR value, this algorithm has better embedding performance.
Localization-enhanced second harmonic generation in twisted WS2 spirals
Authors: Xu Jinyou , Wang Qian , Tong Tong , Chen Ruijie , Wang Xinchao , Sun Qinjun , Chen Jie , Gu Zhiyuan , Yu Ying , Wei Hongyan , Hao Yuying , Zhao Yuzhou , Fan Xiaopeng 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In moiré crystals formed by stacking twisted two-dimensional (2D) layered materials, surprisingly diverse correlated optical and electrical properties can be realized by a subtle change in twisted angle. In this work, we report the observation of localization-enhanced second harmonic generation (SHG) in twisted WS2 spirals, thereby adding insight into moiré physics. The twisted WS2 spirals with various twisted angles are synthesized on a Euclidean or non-Euclidean surface by a well-designed water-assisted chemical vapor deposition. Compared to WS2 monolayer, the minimum and maximum SHG signals in different regions of the twisted WS2 spirals are enhanced by a factor of 4–12 and 26–136 at similar thickness, respectively, as the twisted angle between adjacent layers decreases from 20° to ≈ 0°. The significant SHG enhancement is explained by the evolution of structural symmetry and moiré potentials in these WS2 spirals at different twisted angles. Their layer-dependent photoluminescence and Raman spectra show significantly changed peak position and intensity, confirming the strong local confinement effect of moiré potentials in these spirals. These findings provide an efficient method for the rational growth of 2D moiré structures and the implementation of a localization-enhanced SHG, endowing them great potential for exploring strong coupling correlation physics and applications in twistronics.
Assessing the economic and nutritional value of pollination services in Nepal
Authors: Devkota Kedar , Santos Charles Fernando dos , Borges Alice , Timberlake Thomas 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Pollination is a key agroecosystem service crucial for agriculture production and integrates economic growth, social inclusion, and environmental protection. Understanding the economic value of pollination and its impact on human health and nutrition is essential for effective pollinator conservation and management. This study evaluates the economic and nutritional value of pollination and assesses changes in reliance on pollination over the decades in Nepal. We estimate the economic value of pollination services in Nepal at US $477 million, representing 9% of total agricultural revenue. Pollinator-dependent crops, particularly fruits and vegetables are the source of essential nutrients; 40% of plant-based vitamin A and 14% of vitamin C are directly attributable to insect pollination. The cultivated area of these pollinator-dependent crops has increased by 91% in Nepal during the two decades – 3.7 times faster than equivalent increases in non-pollinator-dependent crops. However, the decline in wild pollinators poses a threat, leading to potential pollination deficits and crop losses. Therefore, our study underscores the importance of conserving and managing pollinators to ensure sustainable agriculture, food security, and nutrition. Targeted efforts, including policy interventions and conservation strategies, are needed to safeguard pollinator populations and enhance pollination services.
The impact of country and exposure to sugary drink marketing on youth brand preference and recall
Authors: Remedios Lauren , Roy-Gagnon Marie-Hélène , Vanderlee Lana , Hammond David , Kent Monique Potvin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background
Consumption of sugary drinks (SD) among children and adolescents is a prevalent public health issue both within Canada and worldwide. This problem is exacerbated by the powerful marketing of such beverages to youth, which is known to influence a wide range of dietary behaviours.
Methods
A secondary analysis of the International Food Policy Survey Youth Wave 2019 was conducted to assess the impact of self-reported exposure to SD marketing within the past 30 days or SD brand advertisements on youth brand preference and brand recall overall, by country, and by youth age group. Ordinal, multinomial, and binary logistic regression were used as appropriate to examine these associations.
Results
Youth brand preference and recall was positively associated with self-reported exposure to general and brand-specific SD marketing across all countries. No statistical interaction was observed between youth age and SD marketing overall or within countries. Soft drinks, sports drinks, and fruit juice brands were most commonly recalled by all youth.
Conclusion
Similar results were observed among children and adolescents within all countries. Global marketing policies should consider older children and adolescents to adequately protect and support child health.
Identification and characterization of the fish predators of the Crown-of-Thorns Starfish (CoTS) larvae from South China Sea
Authors: Yang Litong , Zhang Ying , Su Nan , Hu Jian Xing , Gao Qian , Zheng Fanyu , chen Chang 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Crown-of-Thorns Starfish (CoTS) present a significant threat to coral reefs and their associated ecosystems owing to their predatory habits and high reproductive capacity that often result in population surges and outbreaks. Although manual removal of adult sea stars is presently the primary control method, several studies have demonstrated that planktivorous fish may be considerably effective in controlling CoTS by predating on the larvae. In this study, we assessed the predation potential of larvae of CoTS by five species of common coral reef fish (Chaetodon auripes, Arothron hispidus, Ostorhinchus taeniophorus, Amphiprion ocellaris, and Lates calcarifer). The findings demonstrate that the oriental butterflyfish (C. auripes) had the highest consumption rate, which increased with CoTS larvae density and feeding time. Predation of CoTS larvae by butterflyfish was not influenced by the stage of the larvae's development or the presence of the preferred food source Artemia. These results emphasize the effectiveness of butterfly fish as a predator for CoTS larvae, and their potential to play a crucial role in CoTS population management.
There are multiple clocks that time us: Cross-sectional and longitudinal associations among 14 alternative indicators of age and aging
Authors: Drewelies Johanna , Homann Jan , Vetter Valentin , Duezel Sandra , Kühn Simone , Deecke Laura , Steinhagen-Thiessen Elisabeth , Jawinski Philippe , Markett Sebastian , Lindenberger Ulman , Lill Christina M. , Bertram Lars , Demuth Ilja , Gerstorf Denis 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Aging is a complex process influenced by mechanisms operating at numerous levels of functioning. Multiple biomarkers of age have been identified, yet we know little about how the different alternative age indicators are intertwined. In the Berlin Aging Study II, we examined how levels and seven-year changes in indicators derived from blood assays, MRI brain scans, other-ratings, and self-reports converge among older adults. Weincluded eight epigenetic biomarkers (incl. five epigenetic “clocks”), a BioAge composite from clinical laboratory parameters, brain age, skin age, subjective age, subjective life expectancy, and future health horizon. We found moderate associations within aging domains, both cross-sectionally and longitudinally. However, associations across different domains were infrequent and modest. Notably, participants with older BioAge had correspondingly older epigenetic ages. Our results suggest that different aging clocks are only loosely interconnected and that more specific measures are needed to differentiate healthy from unhealthy aging.
Hepatitis B Vaccination Uptake and Associated Factors Among Communities Targeted for Mass Vaccination in Gulu: a Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Kimera Andrew , Atuyambe Lynn , Mutyaba Huzaifa , Nantongo Claire , Namagembe Agnes , Nalumansi Anna Maria , Basenero Andrew , Auma Prisca , Mukiza Nelson , Mutyoba Joan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is associated with several acute and long-term complications and vaccination is the cornerstone of prevention. A recent outbreak in Gulu, Uganda, one of the districts covered by a mass vaccination campaign, suggests low uptake of HBV vaccination. This study aims to determine uptake and completion of HBV vaccination and associated factors among residents of Gulu, Uganda.
Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted in Gulu, Northern Uganda, among 434 adults (> 18 years) living in both urban Gulu (Gulu city) and rural Gulu (Gulu District) for at least 5 years. Data was collected on socio-demographics, perceptions, and knowledge of HBV vaccination using a pretested questionnaire. We also assessed the uptake, completion, and associated factors of HBV vaccination. In addition, 10 key informant interviews were conducted and qualitative data was analyzed using thematic analysis.
Results
Out of the 434 respondents, 41.9% had received at least one dose of the hepatitis B vaccine, 32.5% had received at least 2 doses, and only 20% had completed all 3 doses, with an overall completion rate of 47.8%. Factors associated with vaccine uptake were gender, residence, risk perception of Hepatitis B infection, perceived safety of the vaccine, and awareness of mass vaccination. Factors associated with completion of hepatitis B vaccination were Residence, knowledge, and perception of being at risk of acquiring Hepatitis B.
Conclusion
Low Hepatitis B vaccine uptake and completion rates were observed in Gulu. To enhance vaccination coverage, future initiatives should prioritize awareness, education, and dispelling of vaccination myths. Additionally, increased government investment in training health workers can serve as a valuable strategy to improve information dissemination and awareness among the population.