bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Na2CO3 on production of NaHCO3 using desulfurized Na2SO4 waste
Authors: Lim Chaehyun , Byun Youngchul , Kim Hwan Ki , Park Sang Sook , Min Jung Gi 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
CO2 is the primary greenhouse gas emitted through human activities which cause global warming. Many countries and international regulations aim to reduce CO2 and encourage development of a net-zero society by 2050, thus, CCUS (carbon capture, utilization, and storage) can be considered as a key technology for achieving this goal. Among the many industrial processes, NaHCO3 production is a representative CCUS technology which satisfies both CO2 reduction and economic incentive. Recently, Na2SO4 waste, containing 15% impurities (i.e., various heavy metals), produced as a by-product generated from desulfurized processes in steel industry has received a great deal of attention since landfilling has been the only way to treat it. Na2SO4 could be a suitable source of NaHCO3 production as CCUS; however, there are no commercial processes for production of NaHCO3 using Na2SO4 as the raw material, since it has low production efficiency compared to other Na+ sources. This study evaluates the regeneration of NaHCO3 using Na2SO4 waste and our results show that a combination of Na2SO4 waste and the addition of 20% Na2CO3 can sharply increase the yield of NaHCO3 while minimizing the consumption of expensive NH3.
Major depletion of insulin sensitivity-associated taxa in the gut microbiome of persons living with HIV controlled by antiretroviral drugs
Authors: Belda Eugeni , Capeau Jacqueline , Zucker Jean-Daniel , Chatelier Emmanuelle Le , Pons Nicolas , Oñate Florian Plaza , Quinquis Benoit , Alili Rohia , Fellahi Soraya , Katlama Christine , Clément Karine , Fève Bruno , Goujard Cécile , Lambotte Olivier , Doré Joël , Prifti Edi , Bastard Jean-Philippe 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background. Persons living with HIV (PWH) harbor an altered gut microbiome (higher abundance of Prevotella and lower abundance of Bacillota and Ruminococcus lineages) compared to non-infected individuals. Some of these alterations are linked to sexual preference and others to the HIV infection. The relationship between these lineages and metabolic alterations, often present in aging PWH, has been poorly investigated. In this study, we compared fecal metagenomes of 25 antiretroviral-treatment (ART)-controlled PWH to three independent control groups of 25 non-infected matched individuals by means of univariate analyses and machine learning methods. Moreover, we used two external datasets to validate predictive models of PWH classification. Next, we searched for associations between clinical and biological metabolic parameters with taxonomic and functional microbiome profiles. Finally, we compare the gut microbiome in 7 PWH after a 17-week ART switch to raltegravir/maraviroc.
Results. Three major enterotypes (Prevotella, Bacteroides and Ruminococcaceae) were present in all groups. The first Prevotella enterotype was enriched in PWH, with several of characteristic lineages associated with poor metabolic profiles (low HDL and adiponectin, high insulin resistance (HOMA-IR)). Conversely butyrate-producing lineages were markedly depleted in PWH independently of sexual preference and were associated with a better metabolic profile (higher HDL and adiponectin and lower HOMA-IR). Accordingly, butyrate production and amino-acid degradation modules were associated with high HDL and adiponectin and low HOMA-IR. Random Forest models trained to classify PWH vs. control on taxonomic abundances displayed high generalization performance on two external holdout datasets (ROC AUC of 80-82%). Finally, no significant alterations in microbiome composition were observed after switching to raltegravir/maraviroc.
Conclusion. High resolution metagenomic analyses revealed major differences in the gut microbiome of ART-controlled PWH when compared with three independent matched cohorts of controls. The observed marked insulin resistance could result both from enrichment in Prevotella lineages, and from the depletion in species producing butyrate and involved into amino-acid degradation, which depletion is linked with the HIV infection.
The loss of sperm storage ability in females as a potential driver for increase extinction in Chondrichthyes
Authors: Lamarca¹² Felipe , Carvalho³ Pedro Hollanda , Ferreira André Luiz Netto 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Sperm storage in females (SS) has been reported in Chondrichthyans species, and involves the prolonged maintenance of viable sperm after mating events, prior to egg fertilization. Along with multiple paternity (MP – female producing Offspring of multiple males within the same litter), SS has been hypothesized to be related to the increased reproductive fitness of cartilaginous fish lineages. The present study aims to investigate if: (1) are SS and MP evolutionarily related and share the same evolutionary history in Chondrichthyes? (2) How the presence of SS is implied in the extinction and speciation rates and thus related to the current species diversity of the group? To answer these questions, we obtained SS and MP records for Chondrichthyes species from the literature and performed ancestral reconstruction analyses for each character in the phylogenetic. We employed MEDUSA and MiSSE to detect if shifts in diversification rates were related to characters along the phylogeny. Finally, we utilized HiSSE to calculate the net diversity rates for observed and unobserved states. The ancestral reconstruction indicates that both characters are plesiomorphic for the group, SS is suggested to be absent in Lamniformes and Rhinopristiformes, whereas MP may be absent in Galeocerdo cuvier. MEDUSA and MiSSE detected that all clades lacking SS showed no increase in rates, whileareas higher diversification rates in clades with SS. HiSSE identified lower net diversity rates in clades with lacking SS associated with hidden states. Therefore, SS seem to contribute to increase extinction rates by reducing diversity among the Chondricthyes.
Comparison of Air Quality in Kathmandu, Nepal before and during COVID-19 Lockdown
Authors: Maharjan Bishwash , Joshi Yadav Prasad , Pokhrel Amod Kumar , Marahatta Sujan Babu 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
A lockdown strategy was adopted to control COVID-19 transmission in Nepal. We investigated the possible impacts of lockdown on air pollution ( PM2.5, and O3 ) levels and trends before and during the COVID-19 lockdown period in Kathmandu Valley. Secondary data from seven air quality monitoring stations in Kathmandu Valley was obtained from starting of 2018 to mid-June of 2020. The nonparametric linear regression slope (Theil-Sen slope) and Mann Kendall test for significant trends over time were applied to assess the air pollution levels and trends. Both PM2.5 and O3 levels showed cyclic and seasonal variations. PM2.5 peaked in winter, while the O3 level had a significant peak in the spring and summer seasons. PM2.5 and O3 concentrations decreased significantly during the lockdown period compared to the same period of the previous years by 31.66% and 8.17%, respectively. Theil-Sen slope estimates showed a statistically significant declining monthly average level of PM2.5 μg m-3 (-9.55; 95CI: -15.87; -5.26; p <0.001) and O3 μg m-3 (-1.68; 95CI: -3.22; -0.01; p <0.01), respectively. The decline in air pollution levels is likely due to the lockdown, including travel restrictions and industrial shutdowns. While the lockdown policy seems to curb air pollution, there is an economic burden associated with it. The government should consider policies such as introducing electric vehicles, vehicle restriction, and congestion charges, encouraging electricity-based cooking and increasing investment in bicycle lanes and public transportation to curb air pollution in Kathmandu Valley.
3D residual attention hierarchical fusion for real-time detection of the prostate capsula
Authors: Wu Shixiao , Guo Chengcheng , Litifu Ayixiamu , Wang Zhiwei 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background: For electrosurgery of the prostate, which relies on surveillance screens for real-time operations, manual remains the primary method for prostate capsula identification, rapid and accurate detection becomes urgency.We aimed to develop a deep learning method for detecting prostate capsula using endoscopic optical images.
Methods: Firstly, the SimAM residual attention fusion module is used to enhance the feature extraction ability of texture and detail informations. Secondly, the enhanced details information at the lower level is transferred to the higher level in a hierarchical manner to facilitate the extraction of semantic information. Finally, based on SimAM residual attention and forward hierarchical feature-by-feature fusion, an improved single-shot multibox detector model based on 3D unparametric attention fusion is proposed.
Results: A forward feature-by-feature hierarchical fusion network based on the 3D residual attention mechanism is proposed for the fast detection of the prostate capsula. The proposed network can better extract the regional features of the image, the extracted network features retain the spatial structure of the image, and realize the rapid detection of medical images.
Conclusions: The speed of the proposed model can reach 0.014ms on NVIDIA RTX 2060, which realizes the rapid detection. The model AFFSSD composed of unparametric attention fusion and progressive fusion of forward features can achieve 83.12% detection precision. Compared with Faster R-CNN (ZF, VGG16, ResNet 50), SSD(VGG16, ResNet 101), EfficientDet (D0-D7), FoveaBox, TOOD, YOLOv4, Sparse R-CNN, OWOD, .R-FCN(ResNet-50), FSSD(VGG16), the proposed method AFFSSD had the highest mAP and faster speed, only lower than YOLOv7.
Transcriptomic analysis of powdery mildew resistance in contrasting wheat genotypes
Authors: Khaliliazar Reza , Golparvar Ahmadreza , Zahravi Mehdi , Bihamta Mohammadreza , Javanmard Hamid Reza 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis f.sp. tritici) is one of the important diseases of wheat that economically decrease wheat production annually. Meanwhile, resistance mechanisms of resistant genotypes in wheat are not yet entirely clear. Therefore, in the present study, two contrasting genotypes of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), Bolani as a sensitive and TN72 as a resistant genotype, were subjected to the fungi to finding differential expressed genes (DEGs) through RNA sequencing technique. According to the results of transcriptome analyses, a total of 2827 and 3105 DEGs were identified in the sensitive (1507 up- and 1320 down-regulated) and resistant (1484 up- and 1621 down-regulated) genotypes, respectively. Functional annotation of stress responsive genes using MapMan detected key pathways including cell wall, fatty acid, redox, amino acid biosynthesis and light reaction pathway. These results suggest that resistant genotype hires efficient mechanisms to deal with the Bgt, and can be used for further investigations.
Biodegradation of Phenanthrene by Alcaligenes ammonioxydans, (VITRPS2) strain isolated from petroleum contaminated soil: Degradation, Inhibition kinetics and metabolic pathway
Authors: K Sumathi , Manian Rameshpathy 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The compound, Phenanthrene, a three-ring polyaromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) commonly occurs in the environment and it is derived from grilled meals, tobacco, crude oil, coal tar and automobile exhaust among other sources. Phenanthrene has been identified as a potentially hazardous PAH. Bioremediation is the most popular way of elimination technique since it is a sustainable solution that results in full mineralization of Phenanthrene. In this study, we aim to perform the biodegradation of phenanthrene by using the strain, Alcaligenes ammonioxydans (VITRPS2) which is isolated from petroleum-contaminated soil. At 5 mg/ml, the degradation rate constant was found to be 0.0181/day with half-life values of 2.7 as per first-order kinetics and 4.49 as per second-order kinetics. We employed one factor at a time (OFAT) approach to optimize the biodegradation conditions of the strain within the framework of Luria‐Bertani (LB) media. The isolate exhibited the ability to achieve maximum growth of 5mg/ml of phenanthrene as the exclusive carbon source under optimal conditions. These conditions included a pH level of 8.0, an inoculum concentration of 8%, along with a temperature of 37°C throughout 7 days of incubation period. The strain exhibited a degradation efficiency of up to 72% for phenanthrene, given optimal environmental conditions. The gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of the breakdown products unveiled the existence of the principal metabolites of the pathway, such as salicylic acid, catechol & various phthalic acid derivatives. The strain demonstrates that there are considerable potential applications in the remediation of an environment polluted by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) metabolites.
Design and Analysis of Ultra-Wideband Microstrip Patch Antenna for Different Conductive Materials for Terahertz Gap
Authors: Singh Kritika , Dhayal Marshal , Dwivedi Smrity 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The paper explores the design and analysis of a wideband microstrip patch antenna with a metallic patch and a 3x3 split ring resonator (SRR) array operating in the 0.1-5 THz frequency range. The antenna's structure incorporates different conductive materials such as gold, silver, and graphene as a metallic patch. The dimensions of the metallic patch and SRR are calculated to achieve wideband operation within the desired THz range. The SRR array enhances electromagnetic resonance, thereby improving bandwidth and radiation characteristics for medical imaging. The study discusses the equivalent circuit and design equations for the microstrip patch antenna and SRR unit cell. For designing and analysing the proposed antenna, CST Microwave Studio 2019 software have been used. Performance parameters such as return loss, bandwidth, gain, efficiency, directivity, VSWR, and radiation pattern have been evaluated. The advantages and limitations of each conductive material are evaluated to determine their suitability for THz-based medical imaging applications. The goal is to maximize the antenna's bandwidth, gain, and image resolution for medical imaging purposes. The findings highlight the performance characteristics of gold, silver, and graphene as conductive materials for medical imaging applications, facilitating the development of high-resolution, non-invasive imaging systems with improved diagnostic capabilities.
Omega-3 fatty acids prevent gestational diabetes mellitus via modulating lipid metabolism
Authors: Zhang Xuan , Li Fang , Yang Botao , Zhang Wei 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background
The incidence rate of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is still high among pregnant women in the second trimester of pregnancy. This study explored the therapeutic effects of omega-3 fatty acids (ω-3 FAs) on GDM at the cellular and animal levels.
Methods
THP1 cells were stimulated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) to induce M0 macrophage. The transformation of M0 macrophages into M2 macrophages was observed after ω-3 FAs treatment. Then, macrophages induced by ω-3 FAs were co-cultured with hepatocytes HepG2, and the glycolipid metabolism in hepatocytes was assessed. By establishing a GDM mouse model, the impact of ω-3 FAs on liver function in GDM pregnant mice and offspring was evaluated.
Results
At the cellular level, we found that ω-3 FAs can promote the transformation of M0 macrophages into anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages, and the transformed M2 macrophages can prevent excessive accumulation of lipid droplet in hepatocyte cell line HepG2, by promoting β-oxidation and reducing lipid synthesis of hepatocyte, thereby protecting hepatic function. Supplementation of ω-3 FAs in pregnant GDM mice significantly reduced fasting blood glucose levels, GTT and ITT indexes, and lipid accumulation in the liver, and effectively prevented liver fibrosis. ω-3 FAs also had positive effects on the offspring of GDM pregnant mice, demonstrated by reducing birth mortality and improving glycemic stabilization.
Conclusion
This study suggests that ω-3 FAs prevent GDM via modulating lipid metabolism and may provide a strategy for translational medicine that can treat GDM and offspring.
Are Systemic Inflammation Response Index and Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index an ideal biomarker for epileptic patients?
Authors: Sönmezler Abdurrahman , Şanlı Zeynep Selcan , Boz Pınar Bengi , Keşkek Şakir Özgür 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background and Purpose
inflammation is considered responsible for the pathogenesis of epilepsy. Inflammation plays a pivotal role in epilepsy.Various inflammatory markers are known related to epilepsy. No study has yet investigated the relationship between epilepsy and systemic inflammation response index (SIRI) and systemic immune-inflammation index (SII). This study aimed to evaluate the systemic inflammation response index (SIRI) and systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) in epilepsy.
Methods
This study included patients with epilepsy who presented to the neurology department within last five years.
Results
The epileptic group included 110 patients (63 males, 47 females) and the control group included 65 healthy individuals (33 males, 32 females). The mean age of the epilepsy (n = 110) and healthy control group (n = 65) was 33.0 ± 14.0 and 34.0 ± 10.2 years, respectively. SII and SIRI levels were 603.0 ± 469,6 and 1,42 ± 1,08 in the epileptic group and 567.6 ± 218.9 and 1,16 ± 0,58 in the control group. There were no significant differences between two groups (p > 0.05).
Conclusion
Our study results suggest that although is an associated with inflammation, SII and SIRI are still not an ideal biomarker for epileptic patients. This study is important because it investigated SII and SIRI in patients with epilepsy for the first time. Further prospective studies involving a larger sample size should be performed to have more valuable results for interpretation.
Developing Predictive Model for Court Decision Using Machine Learning Approach
Authors: Arera(MSc) Lecturer Milkesa Dejene , Worku(MSc) Lechisa Kelbessa 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
There are a number of areas in which AI could have a significant impact on the legal system. This study attempts to develop predictive model for court decision of Jimma Zone High Court by using machine learning approach. The proposed predictive model was trained on a dataset which includes every major criminal cases happened from 2010–2014 E.C. in Jimma Zone. A regression predictive model was constructed by using various machine learning algorithms to predict court decision. Among the various machine learning algorithms applied for the predictive model are Linear Regression, Huber Regression, Random Sample Consensus Regression or RANSAC, TheilSen regression, and Extreme Gradient Boosting. These algorithmswere evaluated on the dataset by using k-fold cross-validation testing procedure, where k = 5. Accordingly, the proposed machine learning models showed different results on the given dataset by using MAE evaluation metric reveals that Extreme Gradient Boosting regression algorithm appears to be the best-performing, scores MAE of about 4.080. On the other hand, TheilSen performed the worst, MAE of about 17.146. Linear, Huber, and RANSAC have also shown they do not have skill on the given dataset. They score MAE of about 14.899, 13.195, and 16.020, respectively. Then, Extreme Gradient Boosting was used as a final model and made predictions on sample rows of data. Finally, the model was deployed using Gradio GUI library which helps to create user interfaces and share with a link to colleagues or stakeholders. As a future work, investigation needs to consider tuning hyper parameters, and calculating optimized values for these parameters has to be considered.
COVID-19 Vaccination Reactions and Risk of Breakthrough Infections Among People With Diabetes: Cohort Study Derived From Community Reporters
Authors: Dreyer Nancy A , Knuth Kendall B , Xie Yiqiong , Reynolds Matthew W , Mack Christina D 
Published: December 2023

Background
This exploratory study compares self-reported COVID-19 vaccine side effects and breakthrough infections in people who described themselves as having diabetes with those who did not identify as having diabetes.

Objective
The study uses person-reported data to evaluate differences in the perception of COVID-19 vaccine side effects between adults with diabetes and those who did not report having diabetes.

Methods
This is a retrospective cohort study conducted using data provided online by adults aged 18 years and older residing in the United States. The participants who voluntarily self-enrolled between March 19, 2021, and July 16, 2022, in the IQVIA COVID-19 Active Research Experience project reported clinical and demographic information, COVID-19 vaccination, whether they had experienced any side effects, test-confirmed infections, and consented to linkage with prescription claims. No distinction was made for this study to differentiate prediabetes or type 1 and type 2 diabetes nor to verify reports of positive COVID-19 tests. Person-reported medication use was validated using pharmacy claims and a subset of the linked data was used for a sensitivity analysis of medication effects. Multivariate logistic regression was used to estimate the adjusted odds ratios of vaccine side effects or breakthrough infections by diabetic status, adjusting for age, gender, education, race, ethnicity (Hispanic or Latino), BMI, smoker, receipt of an influenza vaccine, vaccine manufacturer, and all medical conditions. Evaluations of diabetes medication-specific vaccine side effects are illustrated graphically to support the examination of the magnitude of side effect differences for various medications and combinations of medications used to manage diabetes.

Results
People with diabetes (n=724) reported experiencing fewer side effects within 2 weeks of vaccination for COVID-19 than those without diabetes (n=6417; mean 2.7, SD 2.0 vs mean 3.1, SD 2.0). The adjusted risk of having a specific side effect or any side effect was lower among those with diabetes, with significant reductions in fatigue and headache but no differences in breakthrough infections over participants’ maximum follow-up time. Diabetes medication use did not consistently affect the risk of specific side effects, either using self-reported medication use or using only diabetes medications that were confirmed by pharmacy health insurance claims for people who also reported having diabetes.

Conclusions
People with diabetes reported fewer vaccine side effects than participants not reporting having diabetes, with a similar risk of breakthrough infection.

Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04368065; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04368065