bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Prevalence of Degenerative Arthritis of the Base of the Thumb in Post-Menopausal Women
Authors: ARMSTRONG A. L. , HUNTER J. B. , DAVIS T. R. C. 
Published: June 2005

The prevalence of basal thumb osteoarthritis was assessed in 143 post-menopausal women. The radiological prevalences of isolated carpometacarpal and scapho-trapezial osteoarthritis were 25% and 2% respectively. The prevalence of combined carpometacarpal and scapho-trapezial osteoarthritis was 8%. 28% of women with isolated carpometacarpal osteoarthritis and 55% with combined carpometacarpal and scapho-trapezial osteoarthritis complained of basal thumb pain.
A Comparative Study of the Heterodigital Neurovascular Island Flap in Thumb Reconstruction, with and without Nerve Reconnection
Authors: ADANI R. , SQUARZINA P. B. , CASTAGNETTI C. , LAGANÁ A. , PANCALDI G. , CAROLI A. 
Published: June 2005

41 heterodigital neurovascular island flaps were used to cover defects of the tactile pad of the thumb in 17 years. With an average follow-up of 75.5 months, 30 patients were reviewed. 17 were treated by the original Littler technique and 13 were treated with the same flap reconstruction but with division of the digital nerve innervating the flap and re-anastomosis of this nerve to the proximal nerve end of the ulnar digital nerve of the thumb. Good aesthetic and functional results were achieved in both groups. Sensory acuity did not appear to decrease with time. The nerve reconnection technique solves the “double sensibility” phenomenon (present in 41.1% of our cases treated by the original technique), but two-point discrimination is less than that achieved by the Littler technique. Most complaints were related to the donor site such as hypertrophic scarring or scar contracture and cold intolerance, but these did not cause any real functional impairment.
Frayed Ulno-Triquetral and Ulno-Lunate Ligaments as an Arthroscopic Sign of Longstanding Triquetro-Lunate Ligament Rupture
Authors: ZACHEE B. , DE SMET L. , FABRY G. 
Published: June 2005

In patients with chronic wrist pain of more than 6 months duration, arthroscopy may reveal fraying of the ulno-triquetral and ulno-lunate ligaments. This can be a sign of longstanding triquetro-lunate dissociation. We present a prospective study in which frayed ulno-triquetral (UT) and ulno-lunate (UL) ligaments were sought on wrist arthroscopy and correlated with longstanding triquetro-lunate (TL) rupture.
Factors Associated with Poor Outcome Following Primary Carpal Tunnel Release in Non-Diabetic Patients
Authors: AL-QATTAN M. M. , BOWEN V. , MANKTELOW R. T. 
Published: June 2005

A retrospective study was performed of 112 non-diabetic patients (133 bands) who bad open surgical treatment for carpal tunnel syndrome, to determine the factors associated with poor outcome. None of the patients had a previous carpal tunnel release and all had a positive nerve conduction study to confirm the clinical diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome. Outcome was assessed at least 18 months after surgery and classified as excellent, good or poor. Outcome was deemed poor when symptoms were minimally improved, unchanged or worse after surgery. This occurred in 13.5% of treated hands. There was a higher chance of poor outcome in patients with physically strenuous work activities. All these heavy or repetitive manual workers were also involved in compensation and their poor outcome correlated with their inability to return to their original work. Other predisposing factors, associated hand conditions, duration of symptoms prior to surgery, the presence of bilateral or nocturnal symptoms, and the severity of the preoperative nerve conduction deficit did not affect the final outcome after surgery.
External Fixation of the Distal Radius
Authors: SIMPSON N. S. , WILKINSON R. , BARBENEL J. C. , KINNINMONTH A. W. G. 
Published: June 2005

External fixation is a useful method of treating unstable fractures of the distal radius. There is a lack of information regarding the behaviour of mini-fixation systems, particularly under cyclical loading, which would be expected to occur at the wrist. This laboratory study was designed to investigate the mechanical characteristics of nine current fixation systems. A programme of loading was devised to mimic forces acting on the distal radius. Wooden dowel was used to mount the fixator. Distraction and compression forces were applied in an Instron rig. Displacement was monitored throughout the load programme. No fixator failed at the loads tested. The small Hoffman rectangular frame proved stiffest in compression and extension, but was heavier than other devices. A trend of progressive, permanent deformation became apparent in those fixators which contain plastic or composite materials. This feature has implications for loss of fracture reduction in the clinical setting.
Results of Clinical Assessment after Primary Digital Nerve Repair
Authors: AL-GHAZAL S. K. , KIERNAN M. Mc , KHAN K. , CANN J. Mc 
Published: June 2005

We have carried out a retrospective study of 88 consecutive digital nerve repairs in 84 patients who presented to this department between September 1989 and September 1991. 94% of the patients were operated on within 24 hours of the injury, and the nerves were repaired using magnifying loupes (× 4.5) 71 patients were assessed clinically 8 to 32 months post-operatively. 17% of the patients had excellent results, 51.1% good results, 22.8% fair results and 9.1% had poor results. Close correlation between age and recovery of sensation and between smoking and nerve recovery were found. Results were better in nerves that were cut cleanly (64.3% were excellent/good) than in crushed nerves (28.1%). Without the availability of an operating microscope, loupes give a satisfactory result in nerve repair, and this study compares well with reported series.
Simple Excision of the Trapezium for Osteoarthritis of the Carpometacarpal Joint of the Thumb
Authors: DHAR S. , GRAY I. C. M. , JONES W. A. , BEDDOW F. H. 
Published: June 2005

We have reviewed the results in 34 patients (39 operations) following simple excision of the trapezium for osteoarthritis of the basal joint of the thumb. The average age at operation was 57 years and the average follow-up was 6 years. All the patients were graded clinically and radiologically and were asked their opinion of the procedure. There was dramatic relief of pain following this procedure. Stability of the thumb was not compromised. When compared to the unoperated side, thumb length, thumb abduction and first web span were similar. There was a reduction in pinch strength (operated 8.1 k.p.a., non-operated 9.6 k.p.a.) and grip strength (operated 15.5 k.p.a., non-operated 19.5 k.p.a.) and an increase in MP extension (operated 5.4°, non-operated 2.9°) following this procedure but the differences were not statistically significant. 11 patients (32%) had scar hyperaesthesia on testing but this was a clinical problem in two patients only (5%). Simple excision of the trapezium is a satisfactory procedure for the majority of patients with this disorder, but has a long post-operative rehabilitation period.
The Psychological Impact of Microvascular Free Toe Transfer for Children and Their Parents
Authors: BRADBURY E. T. , KAY S. P. J. , HEWISON J. 
Published: June 2005

This paper is based on a prospective study of microvascular toe transfers which examined psychosocial, functional and aesthetic outcome for children with congenital hand anomalies and their parents. 14 families were assessed both pre-operatively and 2 years post-operatively. There were five boys and nine girls. Their ages ranged from 6 months to 13 years (mean age = 5.08 years). The parents were assessed on the basis of a parental adjustment measure, a detailed semi-structured interview and a measure of anxiety and depression. The children were assessed on the basis of behaviour and social competence, social experience, self-consciousness about the hand and the perceptions of their own functional competence. Both parents and children were asked to rate their satisfaction with the hand. In addition, function and appearance was assessed using an independent professional panel. It was found that parental adjustment to the hand was an important independent variable in determining psychosocial outcome. The children of poorly-adjusted parents had more social and psychological problems prior to surgery, and showed an increase in behavioural problems after surgery. Their parents were less anxious and happier after surgery and it was of particular benefit to them. The children of well-adjusted parents had fewer pre-operative problems and showed a general slight improvement after surgery. For all the children, there was a significant improvement in both function and appearance of the hands after surgery.
Effect of Previous History on Switching Rate in Ferrites
Authors: McKay R. W. , Smith K. C. 
Published: June 2005

Existing theories of switching of square-loop ferrites indicate that the rate of switching is a function of the present state of magnetization and of the applied field. Experiments are described which show that the switching rate is also dependent on previous history.
Two cases have been studied. In the first case, the ferrite was partially switched to a predetermined extent by a pulse of variable amplitude and then the switching cycle was completed by a pulse of fixed amplitude. In the second, the ferrite was brought to the remanent state by a pulse of variable amplitude before the switching cycle. Changes as great as two to one in switching rate were produced by variations of previous treatment.
Magnetic Anisotropy in Ferrimagnetie Crystals
Authors: Pearson R. F. 
Published: June 2005

Absolute values of K1, the first-order anisotropy constant, have been determined at different temperatures from torque measurements on single crystals of the following compositions: MnxFe3−xO4, where 0.7 ≤ x ≤ 1.0; Cox Mn1−xFe2O4, where 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.25; Co0.04Mnx−0.04Fe3−xO4, where 0.70 ≤ x ≤ 0.91; GaxFe3−xO4, where 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.8; Sm3Fe5O12Gd3Fe5O12.
The magnetocrystalline anisotropy of manganese ferrous ferrite was found to vary considerably with the concentration of ferrous ions (Fe2+), some compositions even possessing a positive value of K1 at room temperature, as previously found by Penoyer (1959). In these cases, K1 becomes negative at low temperatures in contrast with the behavior of cobalt-substituted crystals which are found to have rapidly increasing positive values of K1 as the temperature is reduced. The anisotropy contribution of cobalt ions(Co2+) substituted in manganese ferrous ferrite varies with crystals of different compositions.
The experimental values of K1 are compared wherever possible with present theories of magnetic anisotropy. In particular, the recent theory proposed by Slonczewski (1958) to explain the anisotropy of cobalt ions substituted in magnetite (Fe3O4) is found to be unsuccessful in the case of Co2+ ions in manganese ferrite (MnFe2O4).
Measurements at low temperatures on the gallium-substituted magnetite crystals reveal an additional interesting effect. For certain crystals, the torque curves at 80°K exhibit considerable rotational hysteresis in fields above 10000 oe, when the material should certainly be saturated. This hysteresis is shown to be related to the ordering of the ferrous (Fe2+) and ferric (Fe3+) ionswhich takes place on the octahedral sites at low temperatures.
Effect of Eddy Currents on Domain Wall Behavior Configurations, Wall Motion, and Loss for a Domain Model of Cube-On-Edge Material
Authors: Agarwal P. D. , Graham D. C. 
Published: June 2005

Domain wall motion in single crystals and polycrystalline material has been observed and studied by many physicists and metallurgists under different conditions of excitation. The field has been applied in the rolling direction and in the cross rolling direction and observations made on the surface of the domain wallmotion. In these studies the rate of change of wall motion of necessity must be slow because of the limitations of the procedure for following and photographing the wall motion. It has been recognized that at higher frequencies, the wall tends to bow, but the actual motion has not been defined. The published data under dc excitation conditions, along with the required minimum energy relationship, establishes the boundary conditions that must be met by a domain model for polycrystalline cube-on-edge material. A domain model has been developed which appears to fit these boundary conditions under dc excitation.
Analysis of the induced voltage and resulting eddy currents was made on the assumption that the domain wall remain straight and that the velocity was such as to give sinusoidal flux change. The actual flow of eddy currents dictated that the wall must bow. By modifying the domain wall motion to fit the conditions as dictated by the eddy currents, the eddy current losses were calculated and compared with losses measured in present-day material. The variations of magnetizing force with time are also calculated and show reasonable agreement with expected excitation curves versus time.
Magnetic Moments of Alloys of Gadolinium with Some of the Transition Elements
Authors: Hubbard W. M. , Adams E. , Gilfrich J. V. 
Published: June 2005

Alloys of gadolinium with some of the transition elements were prepared and examined by x-ray and magnetic techniques in an effort to determine their structure, Curie temperatures and magnetic moments.
Values obtained for the saturation magnetization for some compositions in the gadolinium-cobalt system were higher than those reported by Nesbitt et al., but the data agree qualitatively with their theory of an antiferromagnetic interaction. An increase in saturation magnetization at room temperature and below was noted for some compositions that were cooled from their Curie points in a magnetic field. An extremely high intrinsic coercive force (IHc = 8000) was measured on the powdered hexagonal compound GdCo5 indicating a high anisotropy for this structure. The lattice parameters for a face centered cubic and two hexagonal phases in this system were calculated from the x-ray data.
The structure of the gadolinium-manganese system was found to be extremely complex, and only the compound GdMn2 was identified. Magnetic moment vs temperature values were also determined for various compositions. The Curie temperature for the composition Gd0.2Mn0.8 was found to be approximately 250°C.
Recent Developments in Ferromagnetic Resonance at High Power Levels
Authors: Schlömann E. , Green J. J. , Milano U. 
Published: June 2005

The influence of inhomogeneities on the saturation of the ferromagnetic resonance is investigated. In the region of moderate power levels, the susceptibility at resonance χ′′ varies linearly with the square of the rf field h. The magnitude of the slope ∂χ′′/∂h2 depends on the nature of the dominant scattering mechanism. If the uniform mode scatters primarily to spin waves of very large wavelength, the slope should be negative. Scattering to spin waves of short wavelength gives a positive contribution to the slope and can lead to a reversal of the sign. The theoretical predictions agree with measurements at X band on various polycrystalline garnets and ferrites.
At very high power levels the opening angle of the precessing magnetization vector approaches a limiting value, which is related to the “line width” ΔHk of z directed spin waves having the same frequency as the uniform mode. Experiments on single crystals and polycrystals of rare earth substituted garnets show that ΔHkincreases approximately linearly with the rare earth content. The materials investigated contain Gd, Yb, Er, Sm, Dy, Ho, or Tb and for a given ratio of substitution ΔHk increases in that order. The line width ΔHk of z directed spin waves is found to be approximately proportional to the line width ΔH of the uniform mode as measured in single crystals.
Experimental results on cobalt and zinc substituted nickel ferrite are reported. ΔHk increases linearly with the cobalt content. For the nickel-zinc ferrites with a large magnetic moment the saturation curve (χ′′ vs h2) measured at X band shows a maximum well below the initial onset of nonlinearity. A theoretical explanation for this extraordinary behavior is given.
A new nonlinear effect arising from spin wave instability in a microwave magnetic field applied parallel to the dc field has been observed. Spin waves which propagate in directions perpendicular to the dc field are most susceptible to this instability. The observed variation of the critical rf field strength agrees well with the theoretical predictions. It indicates that the spin-wave line width increases with increasing wave number and decreasing angle between propagation direction and dc magnetic field.
Transfer Function and Error Probability of a Digital Magnetic Tape Recording System
Authors: Hung John Wenchung 
Published: June 2005

In spite of the complexities of the digital magnetic recording system, it has been discovered that the output of the system for the input of a unit step of current can be approximated by a Gaussian probability function A exp[−a(x−d)2]. The value “a” in A exp[−a(x−d)2] is a figure of merit of the system.
This yields an analytic expression for the transfer function of the system. Experimental results correlate quite well with those based on this approximate transfer function.
Using this transfer function, the output of the system for any Nonreturn to Zero recording method can be predicted. For example, the reduction in system output with increasing bit densities is established. In addition, when Gaussian noise is introduced into the system, the error probability is obtained. The effect of the input rise time to the output amplitude is discussed.
Experimental evidence rejects pairwise modelling approach to coexistence in plant communities
Authors: Dormann Carsten F , Roxburgh Stephen H 
Published: June 2005

Competition is often invoked as the cause of plant species loss with increasing system productivity. Experimental results for multispecies assemblages are virtually absent and mathematical models are thus used to explore the relationship between competition and coexistence. Modelling approaches to coexistence and diversity in competitive communities commonly employ Lotka–Volterra-type (LV) models with additive pairwise competitive effects.
Using pairwise plant competition experiments, we calibrate the LV system and use it to predict plant biomass and coexistence in six three-species and one seven-species experimental mixture. Our results show that five out of the six three-species sets and the seven-species set deviate significantly from LV model predictions. Fitting an additional non-additive competition coefficient resulted in predictions that more closely matched the experimental results, with stable coexistence suggested in all but one case. These results are discussed with particular reference to the possible underlying mechanisms of coexistence in our experimental community. Modelling the effect of competition intensity on stability indicates that if non-additive effects occur, they will be relevant over a wide range of community sizes. Our findings caution against relying on coexistence predictions based on LV models.
Effect of concomitant dosing of famotidine with lansoprazole on gastric acid secretion in relation to CYP2C19 genotype status
Authors: FURUTA T. , SHIRAI N. , SUGIMOTO M. , NAKAMURA A. , OKUDAIRA K. , KAJIMURA M. , HISHIDA A. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractBackground : Famotidine increases Helicobacter pylori‐eradication rates by a triple lansoprazole/amoxicillin/clarithromycin therapy in patients with the rapid extensive metabolizer genotype of CYP2C19.Aim : To determine the effect of famotidine on the gastric acid inhibition by lansoprazole in relation to CYP2C19 genotypes.Methods : Twenty healthy volunteers with different CYP2C19 genotypes – consisting of six rapid extensive metabolizers, nine intermediate metabolizers and five poor metabolizers – underwent three 7‐day courses with placebo, lansoprazole 30 mg twice daily, and lansoprazole 30 mg twice plus famotidine 20 mg twice daily. Lansoprazole was dosed after breakfast and dinner. Famotidine was dosed after lunch and at bedtime. Intragastric pH monitoring was performed for 24 h on day 7 of each course.Results : With placebo, no difference was observed in intragastric pH profiles among the three CYP2C19 genotype groups. With lansoprazole 30 mg twice daily, the median of 24‐h intragastric pH in poor metabolizers (6.1) was significantly higher than those of rapid extensive metabolizers (4.5) and intermediate metabolizers (5.0), respectively (P = 0.0176 and 0.0388), whereas with lansoprazole 30 mg twice and famotidine 20 mg twice daily, the medians were 5.4, 5.7, and 6.1, respectively (not significant).Conclusion : Acid inhibition by lansoprazole was influenced by CYP2C19 genotype status. This influence was offset by the concomitant use of famotidine.
The prevalence and correlates of urinary tract symptoms in Norwegian men: The HUNT Study
Authors: Seim Arnfinn , Hoyo Cathrine , Østbye Truls , Vatten Lars 
Published: June 2005

OBJECTIVESTo estimate the prevalence of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) by severity (using the International Prostate Symptom Score, IPSS) in a population‐based study of men aged ≥ 20 years, and to assess the association between putative risk factors and the presence of moderate to severe LUTS.SUBJECTS AND METHODSBetween 1995 and 1997, LUTS data were collected from 21 694 male residents aged ≥ 20 years in Nord Trøndelag County in Norway, using the IPSS; from the IPSS (score 0–35) LUTS was defined as a score of ≥ 8, indicating moderate to severe symptoms. We estimated the prevalence of LUTS and used logistic regression analysis to study lifestyle and anthropometric factors, and comorbidity related to LUTS.RESULTSThe overall prevalence of moderate to severe LUTS was 15.8% (13.2% moderate and 2.6% severe). The prevalence of LUTS increased strongly with age, from ≈ 5% among men aged < 40 years to > 30% when aged ≥ 70 years. Factors positively associated with an increased risk of moderate and severe LUTS were anthropometric (body mass index and waist hip ratio) and lifestyle factors (alcohol consumption and smoking), as well as comorbid conditions, including diabetes, history of stroke, muscle complaints and osteoarthritis.CONCLUSIONThe findings from this population‐based study suggest that the prevalence of LUTS among men aged ≥ 20 years may be lower than previously estimated. Although LUTS may be viewed as an inevitable consequence of ageing, it appears to be exacerbated by lifestyle factors and comorbid conditions.
In silico design and adaptive evolution of Escherichia coli for production of lactic acid
Authors: Fong Stephen S. , Burgard Anthony P. , Herring Christopher D. , Knight Eric M. , Blattner Frederick R. , Maranas Costas D. , Palsson Bernhard O. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe development and validation of new methods to help direct rational strain design for metabolite overproduction remains an important problem in metabolic engineering. Here we show that computationally predicted E. coli strain designs, calculated from a genome‐scale metabolic model, can lead to successful production strains and that adaptive evolution of the engineered strains can lead to improved production capabilities. Three strain designs for lactate production were implemented yielding a total of 11 evolved production strains that were used to demonstrate the utility of this integrated approach. Strains grown on 2 g/L glucose at 37°C showed lactate titers ranging from 0.87 to 1.75 g/L and secretion rates that were directly coupled to growth rates. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.