bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The release of prion protein from platelets during storage of apheresis platelets
Authors: Bessos Hagop , Drummond Olive , Prowse Chris , Turner Marc , MacGregor Ian 
Published: March 2003

BACKGROUND: Recent studies using a time‐resolved fluoroimmunoassay method (dissociation‐enhanced lanthanide fluoroimmunoassay) showed that platelets and plasma are the main reservoir of the normal isoform of cell‐associated prion protein (PrPc) in human blood. The aims of the present study were to monitor PrPc levels in various fractions of apheresis platelets during storage by using the DELFIA method and to assess the association of this release with alpha‐granule protein β‐thrombo‐globulin and cytoplasmic LDH.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Units of apheresis platelets (n = 6) were obtained from volunteer donors by the use of a cell separator and stored up to 10 days. Samples (7‐9 mL) were aseptically collected from each unit on storage Days 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8, and 10. Platelet‐poor plasma and apheresis platelets were prepared and the former split into two fractions, one centrifuged at 40,000 ×g for 2 hours at 4°C to remove microparticles. The spun microparticles, apheresis platelets and platelet samples, platelet‐poor plasma, and high‐spun plasma fractions were stored in a frozen state until they were tested.RESULTS: The results showed that the mean overall levels of PrPc throughout storage remained within 15 percent of Day 1 levels. In contrast, the mean cellular levels in platelets significantly decreased to 46 percent of Day 1 levels by Day 10 of storage (p<0.01), while the corresponding levels in plasma significantly rose as much as 329 percent (p<0.01). Moreover, although microparticle‐bound PrPc was released during storage, it was increasingly superseded by soluble protein. PrPc and β‐thrombo‐globulin release exhibited very similar patterns (p<0.01). In contrast, LDH showed a significant increase in high‐spun plasma only toward the end of the storage period (p<0.01).CONCLUSION: These results indicate that PrPc is released from platelets during the storage of apheresis platelets and that this release is probably due mainly to platelet activation and alpha‐granule release in the first few days of storage. Moreover, the released PrPc is increasingly composed of soluble proteins, as the storage period exceeds 5 days.
Development of non‐ABO RBC alloantibodies in patients undergoing allogeneic HPC transplantation. Is ABO incompatibility a predisposing factor?
Authors: De La Rubia Javier , Arriaga Francisco , Andreu Rafael , Sanz Guillermo , Jiménez Carmen , Vicente Ana , Carpio Nelly , Marty María L. , Sanz Miguel A. 
Published: March 2003

BACKGROUND: Data from the appearance of RBC antibodies other than ABO in patients undergoing HPC transplantation are limited.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: The incidence and specificity of non‐ABO RBC alloantibodies are described in a series of 217 patients undergoing allogeneic HPC transplantation because of various hematologic malignancies.RESULTS: Eight patients (3.7%) developed 10 antibodies after transplant. None of these patients had previously been immunized. Seven patients had one RBC antibody and one patient had three RBC antibodies. Antibody specificity were anti‐Jkb (2 patients), ‐Kell (2), ‐M (2), ‐Leb (1), and ‐D (1). Finally, two patients had a panagglutinin. The mean time between transplant and antibody detection was 23 days (range, 16‐672). The source of the HPCs, the conditioning regimen administered, and the type of GVHD prophylaxis administered did not influence the rate of antibody formation. On multivariate analysis, ABO blood group incompatibility (p = 0.005) and patient′s age (p = 0.02) were the only two variables significantly associated with the development of RBC alloantibodies.CONCLUSION: Patients undergoing allogeneic HPC transplantation are at risk of developing RBC‐specific antibodies despite the immunosuppressive therapy administered. Antibody formation was more frequently observed in ABO‐mismatched cases, which suggests a potential role of this incompatibility in facilitating antibody production.
Dextran sedimentation in a semi‐closed system for the clinical banking of umbilical cord blood
Authors: Tsang Kam S. , Li Karen , Huang Dolly P. , Wong Angela P. , Leung Yonna , Lau Tai T. , Chang Allan M.Z. , Li Chi K. , Fok Tai F. , Yuen Patrick M.P. 
Published: March 2003

BACKGROUND: The results of current processing procedures for reducing volume and recovering HPCs from umbilical cord blood (UCB) before cryopreservation vary.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Dextran was added to bags containing UCB, followed by sedimentation for 30 minutes. The processed UCB was then frozen. RBCs, nucleated cells, MNCs, CD34+ cells, CFUs and long‐term culture‐initiating cells (LTC‐ICs), viability, and sterility were evaluated. Fractionations in ficoll‐hypaque and hydroxyethyl starch (HES) were also run in parallel for comparison.RESULTS: The nucleated cell (NC) recovery and RBC depletion were 86.1 percent and 94.3 percent, respectively (n = 50). Sedimentation with dextran also enabled the recovery of 80.7 percent MNCs and 82.6 percent CD34+ cells (n = 30). Postsedimentation samples displayed no impairment of CFU growth (n = 42, 108.7% CFU–C, 104.6% CFU–GEMM, 107% CFU–GM, and 95.7% BFU–E). Long‐term cultures on five paired samples before and after sedimentation generated similar numbers of CFU–C each week (p = 0.88). Limiting dilution analysis of 12 paired pre/postsedimentation samples showed comparable median proportions of LTC‐ICs (1/6494 vs. 1/5236; p = 0.18). The cell viability of 24 samples of thawed UCB after sedimentation was 90.3 percent (77.5‐96%) and the recovery of CFU–C, CFU–GEMM, CFU–GM, and BFU–E of 11 postsedimentation samples was 93.4 percent, 84.9 percent, 92.3 percent, and 83.4 percent, respectively. NC recovery was significantly higher after treatment with dextran than with ficoll‐hypaque (n = 30; 88.5% vs. 29.1%; p<0.005) and HES treatment (n = 21; 88.5% vs. 76.4%; p = 0.004). However, MNCs, CD34+ cells, CFUs, LTC‐ICs, and RBCs were comparable. Two cycles of dextran sedimentation recovered 93.9 percent of NCs with cell viability of 98.6 percent (96.5‐100%), whereas 11.7 percent of RBCs were retained (n = 20). The final yield volume was 33.5 (28‐41) mL.CONCLUSION: In a semi‐closed system, dextran sedimentation enabled volume reduction of UCB without significant quantitative and qualitative losses of HPCs.
The first example of a paraben‐dependent antibody to an Rh protein
Authors: Judd W. John , Storry Jill R. , Annesley Thomas D. , Reid Marion E. , Bensette Michelle , Waddington Sherry , Dake LouAnn , Rohrkemper David , Valdez Ricardo 
Published: March 2003

BACKGROUND: Parabens are added to a commercial LISS (C‐LISS) to retard microbial growth. Paraben‐dependent anti‐Jka has been detected by the use of C‐LISS.CASE REPORT: Serum from a D+ woman reacted in antiglobulin tests with RBCs stored (2‐4 hours, 22‐25°C) in C‐LISS (Löw and Messeter formulation, Immucor). Freshly prepared C‐LISS‐suspended RBCs did not react; nor did RBCs stored in LISS‐additive reagents, PEG, saline, or homemade LISS.RESULTS: Studies using C‐LISS‐stored RBCs revealed an antibody that reacted with D+ and rrV+ RBCs, but not with r′r, r′′r, or rrV‐VS‐ RBCs. All partial D RBC phenotypes tested reacted, as did D+LW‐, rGr, r′′Gr, ryr, r′srV+VS+, and r′srV‐VS+ RBCs. The active ingredient in C‐LISS was propylparaben. Other LISS ingredients were not required; saline solutions of propylparaben, ethylparaben, methyl salicylate, 2‐phenoxyethanol, and butylparaben were active. Methylparaben and methyl‐m‐hydroxybenzoate were inactive. Reactivity to C‐LISS‐stored RBCs could not be inhibited by propylparaben. Reactivity with D+V‐ and D‐V+VS+ RBCs was not separable by adsorption‐elution.CONCLUSIONS: This antibody likely detects a neoantigen formed between active compounds and RBC membranes. Review of the structure of active compounds suggests that proximity between methyl and hydroxyl groups is important for binding with RBC membranes. The role of RhD is unclear; no single portion of RhD protein appears to be implicated.
Meta‐analysis of controlled clinical trials studying the efficacy of rHuEPO in reducing blood transfusions in the anemia of prematurity
Authors: Vamvakas Eleftherios C. , Strauss Ronald G. 
Published: March 2003

BACKGROUND: Recombinant human EPO (rHuEPO) has not gained broad acceptance in the treatment of the anemia of prematurity, because its efficacy in diminishing RBC transfusions is questionable. Meta‐analysis was used to investigate the extent and reasons for variation in the results of published clinical trials.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Prospective controlled trials published from 1990 through 1999 were retrieved; 21 met the criteria for meta‐analysis. Calculated across these studies were the summary OR of RBC transfusion in treated neonates as compared with controls and the summary mean difference between controls and treated neonates in the volume of RBCs transfused and the number of RBC transfusions per infant. Twelve study descriptors were examined as possible reasons for the variation in results.RESULTS: Results of 21 eligible studies varied widely (p<0.001 for the Q test statistic), and this variation persisted in most analyses when studies were stratified by individual study descriptors. When the difference in volume of RBCs transfused was the outcome measure, variation was modest across the four studies with highly desired characteristics (i.e., high blindness and design quality scores, “conservative” transfusion criteria, and the majority of neonates weighing <1 kg at birth), and treatment with rHuEPO reduced RBC transfusions by an average of 11.0 mL per kg (p<0.001).CONCLUSION: Benefit from rHuEPO is detected across high‐quality studies using conservative RBC transfusion criteria. However, there is extreme variation overall in the findings of available trials, and—until this variation is accounted for—it is premature to recommend rHuEPO as standard treatment for the anemia of prematurity.
Blood transfusion costs by diagnosis‐related groupsin 60 university hospitals in 1995
Authors: Jefferies Leigh C. , Sachais Bruce S. , Young Donald S. 
Published: March 2003

BACKGROUND: Transfusion services are frequently challenged to initiate efforts to reduce blood transfusion costs. One approach is to analyze blood transfusion costs for individual medical and surgical Diagnosis‐Related Groups (DRGs). Rank ordering of DRGs by transfusion costs and interinstitutional comparisons of these costs may lead to the selection of DRGs for further analysis of the process of blood transfusion.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Common DRGs (n = 486) that were related to discharges in 1995 were analyzed from 60 university hospital members of the University HealthSystems Consortium (UHC). Cost data were tabulated by using cost‐to‐charge ratios reflecting all aspects of blood transfusion‐related costs of participating institutions.RESULTS: Of these 486 DRGs, 471 had identifiable mean blood costs, and 34 had median blood costs, mostly for surgical conditions. Transfusion costs represented a small proportion (≤1%) of total hospitalization costs for most DRGs. Nonetheless, millions of dollars were spent on blood transfusion, and for the most expensive DRGs, the costs ranged from 5.0 to 8.6 percent of total hospitalization costs. Transfusion costs are more variable for the DRGs with the lowest transfusion costs than for those with the highest transfusion costs.CONCLUSION: Members of the UHC may utilize such analyses to identify surgical or medical diagnoses with transfusion costs at variance with the group norm. These DRGs could then be targeted for further evaluation of components contributing to high costs, for possible alterations in physician or clinical laboratory practices. Considering those conditions with the highest cumulative transfusion costs (e.g., BMT, liver transplant, acute leukemia, and cardiothoracic procedures), changes in transfusion practices that affect these particular patient categories may have a significant impact on global blood transfusion costs.
A novel microplate agglutination method for blood grouping and reverse typing without the need for centrifugation
Authors: Spindler Jorg H. , Klüter Harald , Kerowgan Mohammad 
Published: March 2003

BACKGROUND: Current agglutination tests and solid‐phase adherence methods, employed as the techniques for RBC typing and antibody screening, require centrifugation and washing steps. This report describes a novel agglutination method for forward and reverse grouping that is based on the formation of an RBC monolayer on a microplate without the need for centrifugation and washing.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: In a comparative study, 2225 samples from healthy regular blood donors were tested for ABO, Rh (D, C, c, E, and e), K, and reverse grouping, in parallel, by the new microplate agglutination method and a commercially available blood testing system, which served as a reference method.RESULTS: In the case of forward grouping, 0.37 percent of samples tested were false negative in the new method and 1.35 percent tested false negative in the reference blood testing system. In addition, the reverse grouping reference method showed 0.4 percent false‐positive and 2.6 percent false‐negative results. In contrast, the new method gave false‐positive results in only 0.09 percent and false‐negative results in 0.67 percent of the cases tested.CONCLUSION: These results, as well as the possibility of adapting this method to a fully automated system, suggest that our novel agglutination method could be an important contribution to the field of immunohematology.
Platelet‐specific antibodies in HLA‐immunized patients receiving chronic platelet support
Authors: Sanz Cristina , Freire Carolina , Alcorta Inaki , Ordinas Antonio , Pereira Arturo 
Published: March 2003

BACKGROUND : In HLA‐alloimmunized patients, the unexpected failure of HLA‐matched platelet transfusions usually raises the suspicion about concomitant platelet‐specific antibodies. As the reported frequency of platelet‐specific antibodies in multitransfused patients varies widely, the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of such antibodies in a population of chronic thrombocytopenic patients with HLA antibodies.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS : From 1985 to 1997, 11,777 determinations of HLA antibodies were performed in 1330 hematologic patients receiving chronic platelet support. Fifty‐two patients with HLA alloimmu‐nization that lasted more than 1 month were selected. The search for platelet‐specific antibodies was performed by using a monoclonal antibody immobilization of platelet antigens assay, thus allowing the identification of platelet‐specific antibodies directed against the platelet glycoproteins (GP) Ib/IX, GPIIb/IIIa, and GPIa/IIa. Specificity of the platelet‐specific antibodies was further investigated by using a solid‐phase assay with chloroquine‐treated platelets.RESULTS : Only 2 (3.8%) of the 52 patients had platelet‐specific antibodies. One antibody reacted with an epitope of the GPIIb/IIIa that was present in all the panel platelets, and that probably was an autoantibody. The other was an anti‐HPA‐5b.CONCLUSIONS : The prevalence of platelet‐specific antibodies in patients with HLA alloimmunization is very small. The search for concomitant platelet‐specific antibodies would be indicated only when other causes of refractoriness to HLA‐matched platelets are ruled out.
WBC‐reduced blood transfusions and clinical outcome in children with acute lymphoid leukemia
Authors: Rios Jorge A. , Korones David N. , Heal Joanna M. , Blumberg Neil 
Published: March 2003

BACKGROUND: WBC reduction offers a variety of benefits to patients requiring multiple transfusions during induction therapy for childhood acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL), including reductions in febrile transfusion reactions, HLA alloimmunization, and CMV transmission. One potential benefit is a reduction in the deleterious effects of transfusion immunomodulation. In the surgical setting, transfusion immunomodulation has been linked to increases in postoperative infections and decreases in host cellular immunity that are mitigated by WBC reduction of transfused blood.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: A retrospective review was conducted of the medical records of 68 consecutive children undergoing induction therapy for newly diagnosed ALL from 1988 through 1995, a period whose midpoint is 1991, the year WBC reduction was introduced in this hospital.RESULTS: WBC reduction of platelet and RBC transfusions was associated with fewer days with fever (mean, 5.7 days [no WBC reduction] and 2.1 days [WBC reduction]; p = 0.012) and days with positive microbial cultures (mean, 1.5 [no WBC reduction] and 0.71 [WBC reduction]; p = 0.0055). There were more high‐risk ALL patients in the group receiving WBC‐reduced transfusions.CONCLUSION: Allogeneic WBCs in transfused blood may cause impairment of host defenses against microbial infection during induction therapy for childhood ALL.
Repopulating activities of human cord blood cells separated by a stem cell collection filter in NOD/SCID mice:a comparative study of filter method and HES method
Authors: Tokushima Yasuo , Sasayama Norihisa , Takahashi Tsuneo A. 
Published: March 2003

BACKGROUND: Volume reduction and removal of RBCs are essential for cost‐efficient cord blood (CB) banking. It has previously been shown that a newly developed device, a stem cell‐collection filter (SCCF), can reduce the CB volume and remove RBCs efficiently, giving high recovery rates for CD34+ cells, colony‐forming cells, and long‐term culture‐initiating cells with short operation time. The aim of this study was to compare the quality of CB cells separated by SCCF and HES by analyzing repopulation in NOD/SCID mice.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: A total of 1 × 106 or 5 × 106 nucleated cells derived from SCCF‐ or HES‐separated, cryopreserved, thawed, and washed CB were transplanted into NOD/SCID mice. Eight weeks after transplantation, bone marrow cells of the recipient mice were examined by flow cytometry and hematopoietic progenitor assay for the engraftment of human cells.RESULTS: Mice given human CB cells, separated by SCCF, showed degrees of engraftment similar to those in mice given HES‐separated CB cells. There was no significant difference in the lymphohematopoietic reconstitution pattern in the two groups of mice.CONCLUSION: SCCF processing does not appear to reduce the number of repopulating cells in NOD/SCID mice or alter the number of HPCs. It is now shown that these cells can be captured by SCCF and removed, and that they will engraft.
The role of electrolytes and pH in RBC ASs
Authors: Hess John R. , Rugg Neeta , Knapp Amy D. , Gormas Jennifer F. , Hill Heather R. , Oliver Cindy K. , Lippert Lloyd E. , Greenwalt Tibor J. 
Published: March 2003

BACKGROUND: Experimental additive solutions (EASs) containing saline, adenine, glucose, mannitol and disodium phosphate can support RBCs for 9 or 10 weeks if used in 200‐ or 300‐mL volumes. The effects of variations in the electrolyte composition and volume of EASs were explored.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: In three four‐arm studies, 24 RBC units were pooled in groups of 4 and realiquoted as test units to ensure that all donors were equally represented in each study arm. In Study 1, units were stored for 11 weeks in EAS containing 0, 10, 20, or 30 mmol per L of sodium bicarbonate. In Study 2, units were stored for 9 weeks in EAS containing 26, 50, 100, or 150 mmol per L of sodium chloride. In Study 3, units were stored in 100 or 200 mL of AS‐3 or EAS‐61. RBC ATP concentrations and hemolysis were measured weekly.RESULTS: Increasing the sodium bicarbonate content of EASs increased the pH throughout storage and increased RBC ATP concentrations in the later phases of storage, but it had no effect on hemolysis. Increased sodium chloride content of EASs led to lower RBC ATP concentrations and increased hemolysis. In EAS‐61, RBC ATP concentrations were increased throughout storage, and hemolysis was lower than that of RBCs stored in AS‐3.CONCLUSION: RBC ATP synthesis is highly dependent on the pH of the AS. Hemolysis is affected by the salt content and volume of the AS.
Generation of reticulated platelets in responseto whole blood donation or plateletpheresis
Authors: Gyongyossy‐Issa Maria I.C. , Miranda Jorge , Devine Dana V. 
Published: March 2003

BACKGROUND: There are few reports about throm‐bopoietic responses in whole blood (WB) and platelet‐pheresis donors. This study compares the thrombo‐poietic responses of such donors and their platelet values.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: The effect of WB donation or selective platelet loss (plateletpheresis) was evaluated prospectively. WB and platelet donor samples before donation and for 7 days thereafter were assessed for platelet count, mean platelet volume, and platelet reticulocytes.RESULTS: Reticulated platelets appeared in the circulation of plateletpheresis donors by 24 hours. The proportion of reticulated platelets was highest on Day 2, and above‐normal levels of reticulated platelets persisted until Day 7. The mean platelet volume was high on Days 2 and 3, which corresponded with the appearance of reticulated platelets. After plateletpheresis, platelet counts were higher than could be accounted for by new platelets, which suggested the release of sequestered platelets. WB donors manifested no changes in platelet counts but had a peak of circulating platelet reticulocytes 2 days after the donation.CONCLUSION: The thrombopoietic peak in WB and plateletpheresis donors occurs 2 days after donation, and the response level is related to the amount of platelets lost. The impact of platelet loss on the number of circulating platelets is modulated by the release of platelets from the spleen.
Polymorphism and distribution of the Secretor α(1,2)‐fucosyltransferase gene in various Taiwanese populations
Authors: Yu Lung‐Chih , Chu Chen‐Chung , Chan Yung‐Syu , Chang Ching‐Yi , Twu Yuh‐Ching , Lee Hui‐Lin , Lin Marie 
Published: March 2003

BACKGROUND: The Secretor gene (Se or FUT2), which produces α(1,2)‐fucosyltransferase, exhibits extensive polymorphism. Six Se genes, including the weak Se (Sew or Se385) and three nonsecretor alleles (se571, se685, and se849) have been detected in various populations of Taiwan. The distribution of various Lewis phenotypes among the Taiwanese population groups has been shown to vary considerably.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: A PCR‐RFLP analysis system, which was based on the nucleotide polymorphism variation of the different Se alleles and which can reveal the Se genotype of an individual easily and accurately, was developed. The distribution of the Se alleles among Taiwanese population groups, including the two major populations, Minnan and Hakka Taiwanese, and 11 indigenous groups, was analyzed by the method.RESULTS: Frequencies of the Se alleles among the Taiwanese populations were revealed. The distribution of the nonsecretor alleles, especially se849, showed a marked variation. A good correlation was observed between a person's Se genotype and Lewis phenotype.CONCLUSION: The Se genes have a polymorphic distribution among various Taiwanese populations, and this agrees with previous results for Lewis phenotype distributions. The Sew allele and the three se alleles are responsible for the Le(a+b+) and Le(a+b–) phenotypes, respectively.