bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Large Area Digital X‐ray Imaging
Authors: Tao S. , Karim K. S. , Servati P. , Lee C.‐H. , Nathan A. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThis chapter reviews amorphous silicon devices for large area flat panel imaging technology. We present Schottky and p‐i‐n diode image sensors and elaborate on their operating principles, electrical and optoelectronic characteristics including stability, along with the challenges associated with reduction of the dark current. Issues pertinent to sensor‐thin film transistor integration for different active matrix pixel architectures for high fill factor imaging arrays are presented along with optimization of materials and processing conditions for reduced threshold voltage shift, reduced parasitics and leakage current, and enhanced mechanical integrity. Extension of the current fabrication processes to low (∼120°C) temperature, enabling fabrication of flexible imaging array (on plastic substrates), is also discussed.
Modular Microoptical Systems for Sensors and Telecommunication
Authors: Wallrabe U. , Mohr J. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThis paper focuses on fabrication and assembly processes of modular and hybrid microoptical systems in use in sensor and telecommunication fields. These microoptical systems are made by a huge variety of processes, which are commonly known as microsystem technology. Nevertheless, quite a lot of them are based on the LIGA process, since LIGA is an “assembly friendly” technology.Modular microoptical systems typically comprise several functions incorporating mechanical or electromechanical components beside the optical elements. The assembly of the diverse submounts and components is performed actively as well as passively. In many cases, all of these functions can be combined on one single chip. In several cases, however, a pair of chips, which is assembled in a flip‐chip like way, is used.The framework of the paper leads to a definition of the terminus “modular microoptical system” and argues for the advantages of such a modular design approach. It closes with some remarks on automatic assembly strategies.
Automotive Sensor Market
Authors: Reinhart Karl‐Franz , Illing Matthias 
Published: March 2003

AbstractSince the late 1970s electronic systems have found increasing use in the automobile. The value of electronics in cars has increased from near zero in the 1970s to almost 20% in a 2000 model mid‐class car. In luxury cars this content is even higher. At the same time, electronics are responsible for the majority of innovations and thus contribute strongly to differentiate the car from competitor products. Essentially all of the electronics systems — be it engine management, safety systems or convenience features — need one or multiple sensor signals as input to their signal processing. Over 100 different sensor applications in the car are known; a full‐featured luxury car typically contains 100 sensors or more. Therefore, the sensor market has seen at least as strong growth rates as the electronics market over the last two decades and will continue to do so for the foreseeable future. This chapter gives an overview of the automotive sensor market. It starts with a general overview of market size and growth and puts it into perspective with other relevant markets such as the general sensor market and the electronics market. The major distinctive features of the automotive market are explained. Another section details some of the major trends in technologies, products and certain regions. Finally, various market segments are highlighted in more detail. In conclusion, an outlook on possible future developments is given.
Does cervical length at 13–15 weeks' gestation predict preterm delivery in an unselected population?
Authors: Conoscenti G. , Meir Y. J. , D'Ottavio G. , Rustico M. A. , Pinzano R. , Fischer‐Tamaro L. , Stampalija T. , Natale R. , Maso G. , Mandruzzato G. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the role of early mid‐trimester cervical length measurement as a predictor of spontaneous preterm birth in an unselected population.MethodsIn this prospective study, unselected, asymptomatic, Caucasian women with singleton pregnancies underwent standardized transvaginal ultrasonographic (TVS) cervical length measurement at 13–15 weeks' gestation as a screening test for preterm delivery (PTD). Women with multiple gestations, iatrogenic PTD, and previous cervical conization were excluded. The primary outcome measures were spontaneous PTD at < 37 and < 34 weeks. The correlation between cervical length and previous obstetric history was evaluated.ResultsA total of 2469 patients met the inclusion criteria. The mean gestational age at cervical assessment was 14 + 2 weeks. The mean gestational age at delivery was 40 + 0 weeks. The rate of spontaneous deliveries before 37 weeks' gestation was 1.7%. In 0.2% the delivery occurred before 34 weeks' gestation. The mean ± standard deviation cervical length for the entire population was 44.2 ± 5.4 mm. No difference was observed between cervical length in women that delivered at term and those that delivered either before 37 or before 34 weeks' gestation. Previous obstetric history (prior preterm birth, previous miscarriages and terminations, and parity) did not affect cervical length at 14 weeks of gestation.ConclusionsPerformed at 14 weeks' gestation, TVS measurement of the cervical canal length to predict spontaneous PTD is not a reliable screening procedure. Copyright © 2003 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Towards tests of QED in Lamb‐shift measurements of highly charged ions
Authors: Yerokhin V. A. , Artemyev A. N. , Beier T. , Goidenko I. A. , Labzowsky L. N. , Nefiodov A. V. , Plunien G. , Shabaev V. M. , Soff G. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe present status of theoretical predictions for the Lamb shift in heavy few‐electron ions is reviewed. We compare theoretical predictions with experimental data and discuss perspectives of testing quantum electrodynamics in a new region: the region of the strongest electrical fields available at present for experimental study. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Determination of absorption correction by the ‘two masses’ method for XRF analysis of intermediate samples
Authors: Sitko Rafał , Jurczyk Jerzy 
Published: March 2003

AbstractA simple method for the determination of the absorption correction for intermediate samples is presented. This method consists in measurements of the intensity of radiation of an analyte element in two samples with different masses per unit area and with identical composition. The absorption correction can be determined for samples loaded on the thin or thick substrate or without substrate in the same way. The results obtained are compared with those given by an emission–transmission method with the use, as an example, of synthetic samples pressed into pellets. The absorption correction was also determined for geological samples collected on a filter mounted on a thick substrate. A simple apparatus for collecting powder material on the filter is presented. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Application of the backscatter fundamental parameter method for in situ element determination using a portable energy‐dispersive x‐ray fluorescence spectrometer
Authors: Wegrzynek Dariusz , Markowicz Andrzej , Chinea‐Cano Ernesto 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe backscatter fundamental parameter (BFP) algorithm was adapted and modified for the use with a portable energy‐dispersive x‐ray fluorescence (EDXRF) spectrometer system. The method utilizes coherently and incoherently scattered peaks of primary radiation to estimate the ‘dark matrix’ of the analysed sample. A so‐called ‘full fundamental parameter’ model was implemented in the algorithm, allowing a simple calibration of the method using only one standard sample. To improve the accuracy of the method, the differential mass scattering cross‐sections were used. The algorithm also takes into account the secondary excitation effects. The method was applied to element determinations in various matrices with minimum sample preparation. It was tested in the laboratory with homogeneous samples prepared from standard reference materials and was also successfully applied to in situ element determinations in soil. The analyses were performed using a portable XRF spectrometer equipped with a 109Cd radioisotope source and an Si‐PIN photodiode detector. The BFP algorithm was found to perform well for the analysis of loose powder samples containing an unknown fraction of ‘dark matrix,’ and therefore it is regarded as suitable for in situ element determinations. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
X‐ray absorption spectroscopic study on gold particles formed on titania and alumina
Authors: Matsuo Shuji , Tsukamoto Taiga , Kamigaki Aki , Okaue Yoshihiro , Yokoyama Takushi , Wakita Hisanobu 
Published: March 2003

AbstractX‐ray absorption near‐edge structure (XANES) measurements near the Au L3 edge were made on Au(III) complex ions adsorbed on titania and alumina without a specific reducing agent. Compared with the XANES spectrum of a pure gold foil, the gold adsorbed on titania and alumina was found to be reduced to Au(0). The XANES method could obtain spectra of gold particles less than 1 nm in diameter, although a UV–visible absorption spectrum was difficult to observe with such samples. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Translational regulator RpL10p/Grc5p interacts physically and functionally with Sed1p, a dynamic component of the yeast cell surface
Authors: Oender Kamil , Loeffler Michael , Doppler Edith , Eder Michaela , Lach Sibylle , Heinrich Felix , Karl Thomas , Moesl Roland , Hundsberger Harald , Klade Torsten , Eckl Peter , Dickinson J. Richard , Breitenbach Michael , Koller Lore 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBiogenesis of an active ribosome complement and a dynamic cell surface complement are two major determinants of cellular growth. In yeast, the 60S ribosomal subunit protein RpL10p/Grc5p functions during successive stages in ribosome biogenesis, specifically rRNA processing, nucle(ol)ar preribosomal subunit assembly, nucleo‐cytoplasmic transport and cytoplasmic maturation of ribosomes. Here, we report that a two‐hybrid screen identified yeast genes SED1, ACS2 and PLB3 as encoding proteins physically interacting with both ribosomal RpL10p/Grc5p and its human homologue hRpL10p/QMp. SED1 encodes a differentially expressed cell wall protein which is proposed to be first transiently secreted to the plasma membrane as a GPI (glycosylated derivative of phosphoinositol)‐anchored form and to be then transferred to the glucan layer of the cell wall. Ectopic expression of SED1 rescues both the aberrant growth phenotype and the translation defect of grc5‐1ts temperature‐sensitive cells. Furthermore, we report that Sed1p associates with translating ribosomes suggesting a novel, cytoplasmic role for Sed1p. ACS2 encodes one of the two yeast acetyl‐CoA synthases and represents a key enzyme in one of several metabolic routes to produce acetyl‐CoA, which in turn is indispensable for lipid biosynthesis. PLB3 encodes a phospholipase, which is active in the breakdown of membrane lipids. Our results support the view that Grc5p/RpL10p links ribosome function to membrane turnover and cell surface biogenesis. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fluorokomplexe von Platin(II): Synthese, NMR‐ und Schwingungsspektren von Tetrafluoroplatinat(II) und Difluorooxalatoplatinat(II)
Authors: Preetz W. , Uttecht J.‐G. , Peters G. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractDie Bestrahlung der Platin(IV)‐Verbindungen (n‐Bu4N)2[PtF4(ox)] und cis‐(n‐Bu4N)2[PtF2(ox)2] mit UV‐Licht bei —196 °C führt durch Redoxeliminierung eines Oxalatoliganden zu den neuen PtII‐Fluorokomplexen (n‐Bu4N)2[PtF4] (1) und (n‐Bu4N)2[PtF2(ox)] (2). Mit der Synthese von 1 ist jetzt die Reihe der Tetrahalogenoplatinate(II) komplettiert worden. Von Tetrafluoroplatinat(II) lassen sich auch die gleichfalls hellgelben Cs‐ und Bis‐(triphenylphosphin)iminium(PNP)‐Salze herstellen. Alle Verbindungen sind bei —30 °C mehrere Tage haltbar und zersetzen sich bei Raumtemperatur an der Luft innerhalb weniger Stunden unter Schwarzfärbung. Im IR‐Spektrum (60 K) von 1 beobachtet man die antisymmetrische PtF‐Valenzschwingung bei 515 und zwei Deformationsschwingungen bei 255 und 230 cm—1. Im Raman‐Spektrum (293 K) von (PNP)2[PtF4] erscheinen die symmetrischen PtF‐Valenzschwingungen bei 595 und 565 cm—1. Die Valenzkraftkonstante wird mit fd(PtF) = 3, 09 mdyn/Å berechnet. Die NMR‐Verschiebungen betragen δ(195Pt) = 6592 (1) und 5099 (2) und δ(19F) = —428 (1) und —393 (2) ppm mit den Kopplungskonstanten 1J(PtF) = 1747 (1) und 1385 Hz (2).
The European history of psychotraumatology
Authors: Weisæth Lars 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe history of European psychotraumatology shows that opposing cultural, social, economic, and political forces have influenced scientific development. Inevitably, the theories of traumatic stress reflect the spirit of the age. Several of today's controversies were already evident during World War 1: the risk of reinforcing evacuation and compensation syndromes by legitimising diagnostic labels, increased somatization when the psychological nature of the trauma or symptom is not understood, and the deleterious effect of treating the individual removed from his primary group setting. Towards the end of the nineteenth century and the beginning of the twentieth century the study of psychic trauma identified important intrapsychic phenomena, and, consequently, there was a neglect of the external stressor.
The Derryhirk Inn incident: The psychological sequelae
Authors: Daly Oscar E. , Johnston Timothy G. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractA major incident occurred in a Northern Ireland bar in March 1997. One hundred and fifty customers were held at gunpoint. No one sustained any serious physical injury. Six months after the incident 68 individuals were assessed by means of a semistructured interview. Higher than expected levels of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) were found. The severity of the incident, but not perceived life threat, was associated with the development of PTSD. The results of this preliminary study show that even in the absence of physical injury, significant psychopathology can occur.
Glutaric aciduria type III: A distinctive non‐disease?
Authors: Knerr I. , Zschocke J. , Trautmann U. , Dorland L. , de Koning T. J. , Müller P. , Christensen E. , Trefz F. K. , Wündisch G. F. , Rascher W. , Hoffmann G. F. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractGlutaric aciduria type III is a rare metabolic abnormality leading to persistent isolated glutaric acid excretion. We report the clinical and biochemical phenotypes of three affected children. The first patient is a boy with dysmorphic features and a chromosomal deletion (monosomy 6q26‐qter) in whom a persistent glutaric aciduria (500 mmol/mol creatinine, normal <10) was detected during a routine metabolic investigation. The second boy suffered from acute gastroenteritis and hyperthyroidism, when an excessively high urinary glutaric acid excretion was identified (1460 mmol/mol creatinine). The third patient is a girl with constantly elevated glutaric acid in her urine (290 mmol/mol creatinine) but no symptoms of significant disease. In all our patients, glutaric aciduria type I (glutaryl‐CoA dehydrogenase deficiency), glutaric aciduria type II (multiple acyl‐CoA dehydrogenation defect), and secondary forms of glutaric aciduria (for example due to intestinal infections or mitochondrial dysfunction) could be excluded. Loading with the precursor amino acid lysine in all patients as well as with pipecolic acid in the third case led to an increase in urinary glutaric acid excretion, proving the endogenous origin of glutarate. Glutaric aciduria type III (a defect reported to be caused by peroxisomal glutaryl‐CoA oxidase deficiency) is our presumptive diagnosis. However, peroxisomal glutaryl‐CoA oxidase is not well characterized and no reliable approach for the direct determination of this enzyme is available to us. To our knowledge, in the English language literature only a single patient with glutaric aciduria type III has been described. Our cases reported here confirm the earlier assumption that glutaric aciduria type III is not related to a distinctive phenotype. Glutaric aciduria type III appears to be a rare metabolic abnormality, presumably of peroxisomal metabolism. However, its pathophysiological impact still needs further investigation.
Selective screening of amino acid disorders in the south‐west of Iran, Shiraz
Authors: Golbahar J. , Karamizadeh Z. , Honardar Z. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractA diagnostic study of amino acid concentrations in dried blood spot samples from 1044 symptomatic children revealed high incidences of phenylketonuria, tyrosinaemias, and maple syrup urine disease in the Shiraz region of Iran. Minimum incidences, based on babies born between 1996 and 2001 inclusive, and diagnosed by the end of 2001, are 1:3672, 1:10 651 and 1:21 303, respectively.
2‐Methyl‐3‐hydroxybutyryl‐CoA dehydrogenase deficiency in a 23‐year‐old man
Authors: Olpin S. E. , Pollitt R. J. , McMenamin J. , Manning N. J. , Besley G. , Ruiter J. P. N. , Wanders R. J. A. 
Published: March 2003

Abstract2‐Methyl‐3‐hydroxybutyryl‐CoA dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.178) deficiency is a recently described defect of isoleucine catabolism. The disorder is characterized by normal early development followed by a progressive loss of mental and motor skills. Deterioration may be rapid or may follow a slower decline with a possible stabilization of the disorder on a low‐protein diet and appropriate medication. We report a 23‐year‐old man with 2‐methyl‐3‐hydroxybutyryl‐CoA dehydrogenase deficiency with a very mild clinical course. He had apparently normal early development and remained relatively well until the age of 6 years, when he contracted measles. Following this illness, his motor skills and school progress deteriorated. At 15 years he had significant dysarthria, and generalized rigidity with some dystonic and unusual posturing. He was then treated with a low‐protein high‐carbohydrate diet with a good response in terms of balance and gait. At 18 years he was given benzhexol (Artane), increased slowly from 2 mg to 6 mg daily, resulting in improvement in tremor and dystonia. At 23 years he can dress himself and works in sheltered employment but remains severely dysarthric.
A novel mutation in the gene for canine acid β‐galactosidase that causes GM1‐gangliosidosis in Shiba dogs
Authors: Yamato O. , Endoh D. , Kobayashi A. , Masuoka Y. , Yonemura M. , Hatakeyama A. , Satoh H. , Tajima M. , Yamasaki M. , Maede Y. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractA homozygous recessive mutation, causing GM1‐gangliosidosis in Shiba dogs, was identified as a deletion of C nucleotide 1668 in the gene for canine acid β‐galactosidase, which was a novel mutation in canine GM1‐gangliosidosis.
Hartnup disorder: Polymorphisms identified in the neutral amino acid transporter SLC1A5
Authors: Potter S. J. , Lu A. , Wilcken B. , Green K. , Rasko J. E. J. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractHartnup disorder is an inborn error of renal and gastrointestinal neutral amino acid transport. The cloning and functional characterization of the 'system B0' neutral amino acid transporter SLC1A5 led to it being proposed as a candidate gene for Hartnup disorder. Linkage analysis performed at 19q13.3, the chromosomal position of SLC1A5, was suggestive of an association with the Hartnup phenotype in some families. However, SLC1A5 was not linked to the Hartnup phenotype in other families. Linkage analysis also excluded an alternative candidate region at 11q13 implicated by a putative mouse model for Hartnup disorder. Sequencing of the coding region of SLC1A5 in Hartnup patients revealed two coding region polymorphisms. These mutations did not alter the predicted amino acid sequence of SLC1A5 and were considered unlikely to play a role in Hartnup disorder. There were no mutations in splice sites flanking each exon. Quantitative RT‐PCR of SLC1A5 messenger RNA in affected and unaffected subjects did not support systemic differences in expression as an explanation for Hartnup disorder. In the six unrelated Hartnup pedigrees studied, examination of linkage at 19q13.3, polymorphisms in the coding sequence and quantitation of expression of SLC1A5 did not suffice to explain the defect in neutral amino acid transport.
How to Write a Research Article for the Journal of Genetic Counseling
Authors: Bowen Natasha K. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to provide guidance to contributors to the Journal of Genetic Counseling about preparing manuscripts that report findings of original research. While variations in reporting formats and standards are acknowledged, the paper aims to assist contributors in recognizing the essential components of research studies and of manuscripts describing such studies. A description of the purpose of each section and guidelines for writing each section are provided. Criteria for assessing the strengths and weaknesses of study design, sampling, measures, procedures, and data analyses are also discussed.
What Predicts the Use of Genetic Counseling Services After the Birth of a Child with Down Syndrome?
Authors: Collins Veronica , Halliday Jane , Williamson Robert 
Published: March 2003

AbstractIn the state of Victoria, Australia, a government funded genetic counseling service exists to meet the needs of families. An audit showed that many families do not use this service after the birth of a child with a genetic problem. To investigate this we surveyed families of children born with Down syndrome over 2 years in Victoria. Questionnaires were completed by 74 mothers, of whom only 18 had received genetic counseling between the birth and the time of the study (mean 3.5 years). Of those not receiving genetic counseling, 71% said they were not offered or had not heard of it. Mothers who had genetic counseling were younger than those who had not, and were more likely to have attended University. Those who had genetic counseling indicated less “satisfaction with care at the diagnosis” and were more likely to perceive their child as “unwell at birth” than those who were aware of genetic counseling but did not have it. Of those who did not have genetic counseling, over half were unclear about what it is, although 74% agreed with the statement “genetic counseling is most useful when planning to have another child.” Of those who had heard of genetic counseling, 73% said they were not sure how it could help. Many families with children with Down syndrome are not aware of the existence or functions of genetic counseling. With greater awareness, some may still choose not to have genetic counseling, but others enunciated needs that could be met by this service if it were offered to them.