bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Functional traits and size interact to influence growth and carbon sequestration among trees in urban greenspaces
Authors: Simovic Milos , Mueller Kevin E. , McMahon Sean M. , Medeiros Juliana S. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

There is persistent uncertainty about how integrated plant functions, like growth, are mechanistically constrained and practically predicted by functional traits. For trees, these knowledge gaps persist for two reasons: First, studies of ‘natural’ forests are observational, with highly variable and confounding resource limitation and competition; second, most studies investigate only a few popular traits and ignore context‐dependencies in trait effects on growth (e.g. trait–environment or trait–ontogeny interactions).

We assessed 17 traits as predictors of radial growth and aboveground carbon sequestration for 182 trees, including individuals of 42 species common to temperate cities. By focusing exclusively on planted trees growing in isolation, our unique study is a pseudo‐experiment that spans a large range of taxonomic and trait variability, and minimizes confounding effects of environmental heterogeneity (e.g. shifts in light availability with tree size). Focal traits included not only commonly measured traits related to leaf economics and plant size, but also wood traits and whole‐plant phenology.

Models with indices of tree ontogeny (size) and traits explained 80% and 72% of variability in relative growth and carbon sequestration, respectively, and traits accounted for ~20% of the variation. Traits related to said tree functions included leaf dry matter content (LDMC), leaf N content, mature height, wood anatomy and phenology. LDMC was positively correlated with wood growth and C sequestration across all size classes, while the positive effects of leaf N, mature height and wood density were only apparent for smaller trees. Ring‐porous species had higher rates of growth and C sequestration than diffuse‐porous species.

Consistent with recent theory, growth rates of isolated, urban trees vary as function of simple and interactive effects of traits and size. Our findings are useful for optimizing reforestation efforts in temperate cities, where planners and land managers can select species for rapid growth and C sequestration using freely available data for the ‘effect’ traits we identified, including wood anatomy and density, leaf N, and LDMC. Lastly, the trait–growth relationships we describe here may reflect those of ‘naturally’ isolated trees growing in savannas and/or woodlands and provide an insightful frame of reference for trees in closed‐canopy forests.

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MRI‐based parameters and clinical risk factors to predict lymph node metastasis in patients with ypT0 rectal cancer after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy
Authors: Wang Yangyang , Wang Xiaojie , Huang Shenghui , Chen Jinhua , Huang Ying 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundsThe aim of this study was to assess the significant risk factors that predict lymph node metastasis in ypT0 patients with locally advanced rectal cancer following chemoradiotherapy (CRT). Additionally, the study aimed to identify high‐risk groups who would not be suitable candidates for a rectal‐preserving strategy, despite achieving a complete tumour response.MethodsBetween 2013 and 2021, 226 ypT0 patients with stages II/III rectal cancer underwent CRT and radical surgery were enrolled. Two groups of patients were evaluated: those with lymph nodes metastasis and those without. The selection of variables for multivariable logistic regression was conducted through bivariate logistic regression analysis. Furthermore, the determination of optimal cutoff values for risk factors was achieved using ROC curve analysis.ResultsNearly 8% (18/226) of patients with ypT0 had positive lymph nodes (LN) on final pathology. Four variables resulted as being independent factors of LN metastasis: pre‐CRT tumour movability (OR = 8.618, P = 0.003), pre‐CRT maximal LN size (OR = 28.474, P = 0.004), post‐CRT tumour vertical length (OR = 1.492, P = 0.050), post‐CRT anaemia (OR = 10.288, P = 0.001). The optimal cutoff point of pre‐CRT maximal LN size and post‐CRT tumour vertical length was 7.50 mm and 3.05 cm, respectively.ConclusionThe prevalence of lymph node metastasis remains at 8% among patients who achieve pathological complete regression of the primary tumour. In instances where patients are considered appropriate candidates for a rectal‐preserving strategy after clinical complete remission, careful consideration should be given to the selection of this strategy if specific risk factors are present. These risk factors encompass a maximal LN size surpassing 7.50 mm prior to CRT, a fixed tumour prior to CRT, a tumour vertical length exceeding 3.05 cm after CRT, and the existence of anaemia subsequent to CRT.
The lipid droplet in cancer: From being a tumor‐supporting hallmark to clinical therapy
Authors: Cui Yingfang , Man Shuli , Tao Jiejing , Liu Yu , Ma Long , Guo Lanping , Huang Luqi , Liu Changxiao , Gao Wenyuan 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIntroductionAbnormal lipid metabolism, one of the hallmarks in cancer, has gradually emerged as a novel target for cancer treatment. As organelles that store and release excess lipids, lipid droplets (LDs) resemble “gears” and facilitate cancer development in the body.AimThis review discusses the life cycle of LDs, the relationship between abnormal LDs and cancer hallmarks, and the application of LDs in theragnostic and clinical contexts to provide a contemporary understanding of the role of LDs in cancer.MethodsA systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed and SPORTDiscus. Retrieve and summarize clinical trials of drugs that target proteins associated with LD formation using the Clinical Trials website. Create a schematic diagram of lipid droplets in the tumor microenvironment using Adobe Illustrator.ConclusionAs one of the top ten hallmarks of cancer, abnormal lipid metabolism caused by excessive generation of LDs interrelates with other hallmarks. The crosstalk between excessive LDs and intracellular free fatty acids (FFAs) promotes an inflammatory environment that supports tumor growth. Moreover, LDs contribute to cancer metastasis and cell death resistance in vivo. Statins, as HMGCR inhibitors, are promising to be the pioneering commercially available anti‐cancer drugs that target LD formation.
Etonogestrel promotes respiratory recovery in an in vivo rat model of central chemoreflex impairment
Authors: Janes Tara A. , Cardani Silvia , Saini Jasmeen K. , Pagliardini Silvia 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAimThe central CO2 chemoreflex is a vital component of respiratory control networks, providing excitatory drive during resting conditions and challenges to blood gas homeostasis. The retrotrapezoid nucleus is a crucial hub for CO2 chemosensitivity; its ablation or inhibition attenuates CO2 chemoreflexes and diminishes restful breathing. Similar phenotypes characterize certain hypoventilation syndromes, suggesting underlying retrotrapezoid nucleus impairment in these disorders. Progesterone stimulates restful breathing and CO2 chemoreflexes. However, its mechanisms and sites of actions remain unknown and the experimental use of synthetic progestins in patients and animal models have been met with mixed respiratory outcomes.MethodsWe investigated whether acute or chronic administration of the progestinic drug, etonogestrel, could rescue respiratory chemoreflexes following selective lesion of the retrotrapezoid nucleus with saporin toxin. Adult female Sprague Dawley rats were grouped based on lesion size determined by the number of surviving chemosensitive neurons, and ventilatory responses were measured by whole body plethysmography.ResultsVentilatory responses to hypercapnia (but not hypoxia) were compromised in a lesion‐dependent manner. Chronic etonogestrel treatment improved CO2 chemosensitivity selectively in rats with moderate lesion, suggesting that a residual number of chemosensitive neurons are required for etonogestrel‐induced CO2 chemoreflex recovery.ConclusionThis study provides new evidence for the use of progestins as respiratory stimulants under conditions of central hypoventilation and provides a new testable model for assessing the mechanism of action of progestins in the respiratory network.
Letter: Association between chronic kidney disease, hepatitis B and antiviral treatments—Authors' reply
Authors: Hong Hyeyeon , Choi Jonggi 
Published: January 2024

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Choi et al papers. To view these articles, visithttps://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17819andhttps://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17851
New standards of care for treatment of diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Abeyakoon Chathuri , Gregory Gareth P. 
Published: January 2024

Treatment of newly diagnosed diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma with rituximab and CHOP (R‐CHOP) has been largely unchanged for the last two decades. The Guideline by Fox et al. provides new evidence‐based therapeutic strategies informed by positive results of randomised clinical trials.Commentary on: Fox et al. The management of newly diagnosed large B‐cell lymphoma: A British Society for Haematology Guideline. Br J Haematol 2024; 204:1178‐1192.
Why Y matters? The implication of loss of Y chromosome in blood and cancer
Authors: Wang Ying , Sano Soichi 
Published: January 2024

AbstractHematopoietic mosaic loss of Y chromosome (mLOY) has emerged as a potential male‐specific accelerator of biological aging, increasing the risk of various age‐related diseases, including cancer. Importantly, mLOY is not confined to hematopoietic cells; its presence has also been observed in nonhematological cancer cells, with the impact of this presence previously unknown. Recent studies have revealed that, whether occurring in leukocytes or cancer cells, mLOY plays a role in promoting the development of an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. This occurs through the modulation of tumor‐infiltrating immune cells, ultimately enabling cancer cells to evade the vigilant immune system. In this review, we illuminate recent progress concerning the effects of hematopoietic mLOY and cancer mLOY on cancer progression. Examining cancer progression from the perspective of LOY adds a new layer to our understanding of cancer immunity, promising insights that hold the potential to identify innovative and potent immunotherapy targets for cancer.
Dentists' perspectives on structural and system barriers hindering oral healthcare provision in residential care facilities
Authors: Koh Sarah Mun Yee , Tada Sayaka , Lee Gabriel Keng Yan , Wong Mun Loke 
Published: January 2024

AbstractObjectivesOral healthcare service is not well integrated with existing healthcare policy in nursing homes (NHs) globally. This qualitative study aimed to identify dentists' perspectives on structural and system barriers that hinder oral healthcare (OHC) provision to seniors in NHs in Singapore and to understand the consequences of these barriers.MethodsNineteen dentists (8 males and 11 females, 36.0 [IQR: 32.0–48.5] years old) were recruited through combination of purposive and snowball sampling. Four focus group discussions were conducted via teleconferencing, and each discussion had 4–5 anonymised participants. Sessions lasted 90–120 min and were audio‐recorded and transcribed verbatim. Thematic analysis was conducted on data collected using NVivo software (Version12, QRS International).ResultsParticipants agreed that the current OHC system for seniors in NHs is not well developed. The challenges dentists faced were categorised in three themes: [1] general oral healthcare system level; [2] local nursing home setting level; and [3] geriatric oral healthcare education level. These challenges are complexly intertwined and have contributed to several consequences such as a shortage of dentists in NHs and their diminished motivation to serve. It has also limited the quality of dental service they are able to provide in NHs, contributing to the current poor access of dental services for seniors in NHs.ConclusionsDentists in Singapore face many structural and systemic barriers in providing OHC to seniors in NHs, some of which are unique to the local context. Newfound understanding of these barriers and its consequences will be helpful in developing strategic approaches to overcome these challenges.
Medical library systems and services: Bangladesh scenario
Authors: Rahman Md. Shafiur , Al Mamun M. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis study highlights the present status of medical libraries in Bangladesh. It mainly focuses on the four key areas of medical libraries: Medical Library Services, Research4Life from Bangladesh perspective, Institutional Repository (IR), and Library Automation status. The research study also explores the various key challenges faced by the medical libraries in Bangladesh and finally provides necessary recommendations like a sufficient library budget, implementation of an Integrated Library System (ILS), skilled manpower, more participation in information networking and resource sharing, sound ICT environment, online collection development for the overall development of medical libraries in Bangladesh.
“They need more programs for the kids:” Low‐income mothers' views of government amidst economic precarity and burdensome programs
Authors: Barnes Carolyn Y. , Halpern‐Meekin Sarah , Hoiting Jill 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPolicy feedback scholars argue that experiences with government shape political participation. Administrative burden scholars posit that burdensome bureaucratic encounters deter political participation. Related quantitative studies take a top‐down, deductive approach and test effects of single policies, yet people engage multiple programs, and all policies may not be equally salient in how they view the state. Using qualitative interviews, our inductive, “bottom‐up” approach examines the most prominent policy domains in views of government shared across mothers with low incomes in the United States (n = 80). Mothers experienced a wide range of policies, and they detailed related administrative burdens, but this was not the focus in most of their views of the government. Many raised issue areas that hit close to home, such as affordable child care or children's recreation programs. They often drew on a sense of collective motherhood in their view of government, including how it could facilitate efforts to raise children.
Health professionals' perceptions of user involvement in a mental health centre: A critical discourse analysis
Authors: Jørgensen Kim , Hansen Mathias Søren , Hansen Morten , Karlsson Bengt 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe objective of this study was to investigate the engagement between healthcare professionals and users of mental healthcare at the individual level in a mental health hospital. A qualitative research design with purposive sampling was adopted. Five audio‐recorded focus group interviews were conducted with nurses and other health professionals at a mental health hospital in Copenhagen and were explored using Fairclough's discourse analysis framework. This study shows how users can be subject to paternalistic control despite the official aim that user involvement be an integral part of the care and treatment offered. As evidenced in discussions by health professionals, the users were involved in plans based on conditions determined by the health professionals who were predominantly focused on treating diseases and enabling the users to live a life independent of professional help. Our results can contribute to dealing with the challenges of incorporating user involvement as an ideology in mental health hospitals.
Effect of salpingectomy versus tubal ligation on postoperative wound infection in patients: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Li Min , Lv Jian 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAfter several institutions recommended salpingectomy as opposed to tubal ligation, we attempted to perform meta‐analysis to compare operative properties and rates of postoperative wound infections. There are no temporal or linguistic limitations to our search in PubMed, Cochrane Library and Embase. The search was carried out in September 2023. The database search identified 401 potential studies and five studies were included in the meta‐analysis. Our study involved a comparison of salpingectomy with tube ligating in female patients who wanted to be sterilized. Our trial included at least one result of the wound and haemorrhage. The articles that did not qualify for inclusion or did not submit data, and those who did not answer questions were excluded. Abstracts and full‐text articles were assessed independently by two authors using blinding. Conflicting decisions were settled by consensus. The Cochrane‐recommended ROBINS‐I instrument has been applied to evaluate the risk of bias in clinical trials and to establish the quality of inclusion. Two authors separately evaluated the risk of bias for each trial; differences were settled by consensus. There were no statistically significant differences in the rate of postoperative wound infections among those who had received salpingectomy or tubal ligation (OR, 0.46; 95% CI, 0.18–1.20 p = 0.11). In the three trials, the risk of bleeding following the ligation of the fallopian tubes was lower than that of the salpingectomy group (OR, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.21–1.30 p < 0.0001). From this information we have come to the conclusion that it is possible to give preference to tubal ligation for reduction of bleeding in suitable circumstances, and that the findings currently do not provide sufficient evidence for a reduction in the risk of postoperative wound infection.
Bi3+/Tb3+/Eu3+ triple‐doped Lu2Mg2Al2Si2O12 phosphor for optical temperature sensing and pressure sensing
Authors: Zheng Zhibo , Li Zhongliang , Zhao Yanxia , Tao Qianyu , Li Liang , Song Yanhua , Zou Haifeng , Shi Zhan 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe investigation of multifunctional bright materials is a popular research topic. The first report of the Bi3+, Tb3+, and Eu3+ triple‐doped garnet‐derived structure Lu2Mg2Al2Si2O12 phosphor is presented in this study. The energy transfer system was constructed with unique ultraviolet (UV) emission of Bi3+ ions, which allows phosphor to be used for temperature sensing with self‐calibration capability, Sa = 0.26% (148 K) and 0.56% (98 K), Sr = 0.15% (98 K), and 0.21% (148 K), indicating a high sensitivity in the low‐temperature region. Tb3+ and Eu3+ ions with better thermal stability under 325 nm excitation were chosen to achieve higher pressure sensing performance, the sensitivity was calculated by fluorescence intensity ratio technique and has maximum sensitivities of up to 0.1887 (SPa) and 0.1621 G/Pa (SPr). This provides a new idea for the ensuing design of brand‐new phosphors for optical pressure sensing. This study provides a new perspective on the versatile applications of phosphors.
Predicting spectroscopic properties of quaternary phosphate laser glasses
Authors: Dong Shuangli , Wang Weichao , Jia Yanqi , Zhang Qinyuan 
Published: January 2024

AbstractQuantitative composition‐structure‐property (C–S–P) relationship analysis is a promising approach to correlate structural features with properties of glasses that have complex structures and lack long‐range order. In this study, the structure and spectroscopic properties of two typical P2O5‐MO‐K2O‐Al2O3 (M = Mg, Ba) quaternary phosphate laser glasses doped with Nd3+ ions are calculated and predicted. By using the nearest‐neighboring congruently melting compounds in the phase diagram as “component and structural motifs”, correlations with properties and insights on glass behaviors can be obtained. Two key physical properties and five spectroscopic properties are predicted and verified with an error of less than 5% and 10%, respectively. Furthermore, two C–S–P databases with more than 1000 glass compositions are established for designing and optimizing new laser glasses. The results show that this approach not only gets rid of the traditional qualitative research method which relies on empirical formulas, but also promotes the quantitative calculation and predictable design of glass research.
Scaling the EQUIPPED medication safety program: Traditional and hub‐and‐spoke implementation models
Authors: Vandenberg Ann E. , Hwang Ula , Das Shamie , Genes Nicholas , Nyamu Sylviah , Richardson Lynne , Ezenkwele Ugo , Legome Eric , Richardson Christopher , Belachew Adam , Leong Traci , Kegler Michelle , Vaughan Camille P. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe EQUIPPED (Enhancing Quality of Prescribing Practices for Older Adults Discharged from the Emergency Department) medication safety program is an evidence‐informed quality improvement initiative to reduce potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs) prescribed by Emergency Department (ED) providers to adults aged 65 and older at discharge. We aimed to scale‐up this successful program using (1) a traditional implementation model at an ED with a novel electronic medical record and (2) a new hub‐and‐spoke implementation model at three new EDs within a health system that had previously implemented EQUIPPED (hub). We hypothesized that implementation speed would increase under the hub‐and‐spoke model without cost to PIM reduction or site engagement.MethodsWe evaluated the effect of the EQUIPPED program on PIMs for each ED, comparing their 12‐month baseline to 12‐month post‐implementation period prescribing data, number of months to implement EQUIPPED, and facilitators and barriers to implementation.ResultsThe proportion of PIMs at all four sites declined significantly from pre‐ to post‐EQUIPPED: at traditional site 1 from 8.9% (8.1–9.6) to 3.6% (3.6–9.6) (p < 0.001); at spread site 1 from 12.2% (11.2–13.2) to 7.1% (6.1–8.1) (p < 0.001); at spread site 2 from 11.3% (10.1–12.6) to 7.9% (6.4–8.8) (p = 0.045); and at spread site 3 from 16.2% (14.9–17.4) to 11.7% (10.3–13.0) (p < 0.001). Time to implement was equivalent at all sites across both models. Interview data, reflecting a wide scope of responsibilities for the champion at the traditional site and a narrow scope at the spoke sites, indicated disproportionate barriers to engagement at the spoke sites.ConclusionsEQUIPPED was successfully implemented under both implementation models at four new sites during the COVID‐19 pandemic, indicating the feasibility of adapting EQUIPPED to complex, real‐world conditions. The hub‐and‐spoke model offers an effective way to scale‐up EQUIPPED though a speed or quality advantage could not be shown.
Digging Deeper—Evidence on the Effects of Macroprudential Policies from a New Database
Authors: ALAM ZOHAIR , ALTER ADRIAN , EISEMAN JESSE , GELOS GASTON , KANG HEEDON , NARITA MACHIKO , NIER ERLEND , WANG NAIXI 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis paper introduces a comprehensive database of macroprudential policies, which covers 134 countries from January 1990. Using a novel numerical indicator of the tightness of loan‐to‐value (LTV) regulations, we estimate the policy effects of incremental tightening in LTV limits, employing a propensity score–based method to address endogeneity concerns. The results point to economically significant and nonlinear effects on household credit, with a declining per‐unit impact for larger tightening measures. The analysis indicates that policy leakage effects could be a factor behind the nonlinear effects. We finally find that the side effects of macroprudential policies on consumption and output are relatively small.