bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Repeat imaging increases detection of delayed pseudoaneurysms in patients with high‐grade solid organ injury following abdominal trauma
Authors: Jastaniah Atif , Mychaltchouk Lydia , Genest Alexandre , Deckelbaum Dan L. , Fata Paola , Khwaja Kosar , McKendy Katherine , Razek Tarek , Wong Evan , Grushka Jeremy 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundNonoperative management of abdominal trauma can be complicated by the development of delayed pseudoaneurysms. Early intervention reduces the risk of rupture and decreases mortality. The objective of this study is to determine the utility of repeat computed tomography (CT) imaging in detecting delayed pseudoaneurysms in patients with abdominal solid organ injury.MethodsA retrospective cohort study reviewing Montreal General Hospital registry between 2013 and 2019. Patients with The American Association for the Surgery of Trauma (AAST) grade 3 or higher solid organ injury following abdominal trauma were identified. A chart review was completed, and demographics, mechanism of injury, Injury Severity Score (ISS) score, AAST injury grade, CT imaging reports, and interventions were collected. Descriptive analysis and logistic regression model were completed.ResultsWe identified 195 patients with 214 solid organ injuries. The average age was 38.6 years; 28.2% were female, 90.3% had blunt trauma, and 9.7% had penetrating trauma. The average ISS score was 25.4 (SD 12.8) in patients without pseudoaneurysms and 19.5 (SD 8.6) in those who subsequently developed pseudoaneurysms. The initial management was nonoperative in 57.0% of the patients; 30.4% had initial angioembolization, and 12.6% went to the operating room. Of the cohort, 11.7% had pseudoaneurysms detected on repeat CT imaging within 72 h. Grade 3 represents the majority of the injuries at 68.0%. The majority of these patients underwent angioembolization.ConclusionsIn patients with high‐grade solid organ injury following abdominal trauma, repeat CT imaging within 72 h enabled the detection of delayed development of pseudoaneurysms in 11.7% of injuries. The majority of the patients were asymptomatic.
Dyadic practice for the acquisition of laparoscopic skills (DALS)—A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Ritchie Angus M. A. , Chaudhry Noor , Robinson Samuel J. A. , Pacilli Maurizio , Nataraja Ramesh M. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundLaparoscopic simulation is integral to surgical education but requires significant resources. We aimed to compare the effectiveness of dyadic practice (DP), involving two individuals working together, to individual practice (IP) for novices acquiring laparoscopic skills and assess their learning experience.MethodsWe conducted a Randomized Controlled Trial comparing DP and IP for novice medical students who completed a laparoscopic simulation workshop. Participants were assessed individually pre‐course (test 1), post‐course (test 2), and 8‐week retention (test 3) using a validated quantitative method. A post‐course questionnaire and interview, analyzed with thematic analysis, assessed the learning experience.ResultsIn total, 31 DP and 35 IP participants completed the study. There was no difference in mean scores between DP and IP groups in all three tests: test 1 (p = 0.55), test 2 (p = 0.26), test 3 (p = 0.35). In trend analysis, the DP group improved post‐course (test 1 vs. 2: p = 0.02) and maintained this level at the retention test (2 vs. 3: p = 0.80, 1 vs. 3: p = 0.02). Whilst the IP group also improved post‐course (test 1 vs. 2: p < 0.001), this improvement was not retained (2 vs. 3: p = 0.003, 1 vs. 3: p = 0.32). Thematic analysis revealed that DP participants valued peer support, peer feedback and observation time, but also acknowledged the limitations of reduced practical time and issues with teamwork.ConclusionDP is non‐inferior to IP for novices learning laparoscopic skills, is well received and may lead to superior long‐term skill retention.
A distance-based model for convergent evolution
Authors: Holland Barbara , Huber Katharina T. , Moulton Vincent 
Published: January 2024

AbstractConvergent evolution is an important process in which independent species evolve similar features usually over a long period of time. It occurs with many different species across the tree of life, and is often caused by the fact that species have to adapt to similar environmental niches. In this paper, we introduce and study properties of a distance-based model for convergent evolution in which we assume that two ancestral species converge for a certain period of time within a collection of species that have otherwise evolved according to an evolutionary clock. Under these assumptions it follows that we obtain a distance on the collection that is a modification of an ultrametric distance arising from an equidistant phylogenetic tree. As well as characterising when this modified distance is a tree metric, we give conditions in terms of the model’s parameters for when it is still possible to recover the underlying tree and also its height, even in case the modified distance is not a tree metric.
High human blood meal index of mosquitoes in Arba Minch town, southwest Ethiopia: an implication for urban mosquito-borne disease transmission
Authors: Akirso Adisu , Tamiru Girum , Eligo Nigatu , Lindtjørn Bernt , Massebo Fekadu 
Published: January 2024

AbstractUnplanned human population shifts in urban areas are expected to increase the prevalence of vector-borne diseases. This study aimed to investigate mosquito species composition, blood meal sources, and malaria vectors in an urban area. Indoor-resting adult mosquitoes were collected using Prokopack and host-seeking mosquitoes using Centers for Disease Control and Prevention light traps in Arba Minch town. Larval collection from artificial containers was done in those houses selected for adult mosquito collection. Anopheles adults collected and emerged from larvae were identified morphologically using a taxonomic key. ELISA was used to identify blood meal sources in freshly fed Anopheles and Culex mosquitoes, and CSP of Anopheles mosquitoes. A total of 16,756 female mosquitoes were collected. Of these, 93% (15,571) were Culex, 6% (1016) were Anopheles, and 1% (169) were Aedes mosquitoes. Out of the 130 adult mosquitoes that were raised from larvae collected from the containers, 20% were An. rhodesiensis, while the remaining 80% were Aedes mosquitoes. Out of 823 mosquitoes tested for blood meal origins, 86.3% (710/823) tested positive for human blood, 2.2% (18/823) tested positive for bovine blood, and 11.5% (95/823) were negative for human and bovine antibodies. Anopheles gambiae complex had a human blood meal index (HBI) of 50% (90/180; CI 42.3–57.5%) and a bovine blood meal index (BBI) of only 0.5% (95% CI 0.01–3.1%). Culex HBI was 96.7% (620/641), and its BBI index was 2.4% (15/641). While it was low (0.8%) in Culex, the proportion of An. gambiae complex with unidentified blood meal sources was 49.5% (95 CI% 41.9–56.9%). Among the 1016 Anopheles mosquitoes tested, a single An. gambiae complex (0.1%; 1/1016) was positive for P. vivax CSP. The high HBI indicates frequent contact between humans and vectors. To reduce human exposure, personal protection tools should be implemented.
Current cannabis use and pain management among US cancer patients
Authors: Krok-Schoen Jessica L. , Plascak Jesse J. , Newton Alison M. , Strassels Scott A. , Adib Anita , Adley Neema C. , Hays John L. , Wagener Theodore L. , Stevens Erin E. , Brasky Theodore M. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundNational studies reporting the prevalence of cannabis use have focused on individuals with a history of cancer without distinction by their treatment status, which can impact symptom burden. While pain is a primary motivation to use cannabis in cancer, the magnitude of its association with cannabis use remains understudied.MethodsWe examined cannabis use and pain management among 5523 respondents of the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System with a cancer history. Survey-weighted prevalence proportions of respondents’ cannabis use are reported, stratified on cancer treatment status. Regression models estimated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of cancer-related pain and cannabis use.ResultsCannabis use was slightly more prevalent in those undergoing active treatment relative to those who were not undergoing active treatment (9.3% vs. 6.2%;P=0.05). Those under active treatment were more likely to use cannabis medicinally (71.6% vs. 50.0%;P=0.03). Relative to those without cancer-related pain, persons with pain under medical control (OR 2.1, 95% CI, 1.4–3.2) or uncontrolled pain were twice as likely to use cannabis (OR 2.0, 95% CI, 1.1–3.5).ConclusionsUse of cannabis among cancer patients may be related to their treatment and is positively associated with cancer-related pain. Future research should investigate the associations of cannabis use, symptom burden, and treatment regimens across the treatment spectrum to facilitate interventions.
Association of spinal–pelvic parameters with recurrence of lumbar disc herniation after endoscopic surgery: a retrospective case–control study
Authors: Pan Yu-hao , Wan Dun , Wang Qi , Shen Wen-jun , Yang Jin-rui , Wang Zhong-Yu , Cai Zong-lin , Jiang Shui , Cao Min 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPurposeThis study aimed to investigate the relationship between spinal–pelvic parameters and recurrence of lumbar disc herniation (rLDH) after percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy (PELD) through a retrospective case–control study.MethodsPatients who underwent PELD for single-segment LDH at our hospital were included in this study. The relationship between sagittal balance parameters of the spine and recurrence was analysed through correlation analysis, and ROC curves were plotted. The baseline characteristics, sagittal balance parameters of the spine and radiological parameters of the case and control groups were compared, and the relationship between sagittal balance parameters of the spine and recurrence of rLDH after PELD was determined through univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis.ResultsCorrelation analysis showed that PI and ∆PI-LL were negatively correlated with grouping (r = −0.090 and −0.120, respectively,P = 0.001 and 0.038). ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve (ROC-AUC) for predicting rLDH based on PI was 0.65 (CI95% = 0.598, 0.720), with a cut-off of 50.26°. The ROC-AUC for predicting rLDH based on ∆PI-LL was 0.56 (CI95% = 0.503, 0.634), with a cut-off of 28.21°. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that smoking status (OR = 2.667,P = 0.008), PI ≤ 50.26 (OR = 2.161,P = 0.009), ∆PI-LL ≤ 28.21 (OR = 3.185,P = 0.001) and presence of Modic changes (OR = 4.218,P = 0.001) were independent risk factors, while high DH (OR = 0.788,P = 0.001) was a protective factor.ConclusionPI < 50.26 and ∆PI-LL < 28.21 were risk factors for recurrence of lumbar disc herniation after spinal endoscopic surgery and had some predictive value for post-operative recurrence.
Mortgages with non-random time-varying interest rates
Authors: Ziani Laura 
Published: January 2024

AbstractHere we introduce an “alternative” version of the standard traditional amortization plan, where sequences of non-random time-varying periodic interest rates replace the usual constant periodic effective rate, while preserving all the other classical rules. In particular, we use two of these sequences coherently generated by two different specific hyperbolic instantaneous intensity functions. We found that the two standard amortization plans obtained through this approach match perfectly with the two main amortization plans recently proposed under the simple capitalization law. This matching provides thus a clear link between the traditional scheme and the new wave of proposals in simple regime.
Trap crops enhance the control efficacy of Metarhizium brunneum against a soil-dwelling pest
Authors: Brunner Michael , Zeisler Christiane , Neu Diane , Rotondo Claire , Rubbmark Oskar R. , Reinbacher Lara , Grabenweger Giselher , Traugott Michael 
Published: January 2024

AbstractSoil-dwelling insect pests may cause considerable damage to crops worldwide, and their belowground lifestyle makes them hard to control. Amongst the most promising control agents for subterranean pests are soilborne entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) such as Metarhizium brunneum. Albeit EPF can be highly pathogenic to their target pest species under laboratory conditions, their efficacy in the field is often limited due to adverse environmental conditions. Here, we test for the first time if the efficacy of EPF can be improved when they are augmented with trap crops. In a field experiment, the M. brunneum strain ART2825 was combined with a trap crops mixture of six plant species and evaluated for its control effect of wireworms (Coleoptera: Elateridae). When both were combined in the main crop, potato damage was lowered on average by 42.5% and wireworm abundance by 50.8%. Single application of trap crops or EPF lowered damage/pest abundance only by 29.9%/15.89% and 34.7%/4.77%, respectively. Importantly, the strength of the synergistic pest control effect between trap crops and EPF increased disproportionately with increasing wireworm abundance. However, DNA-based gut content analysis showed that wireworms’ feeding preferences were not shifting toward the trap crops. Our findings demonstrate that combining trap crops with EPF improves the efficacy of the latter and leads to a synergistic control effect which magnifies with increasing wireworm abundance. Hence, the synergistic effect of EPF and trap crops might be a promising control strategy for soil-dwelling pests in general and significantly improve our abilities to manage soil pests environmentally friendly.
Novel person detection and suspicious activity recognition using enhanced YOLOv5 and motion feature map
Authors: Gawande Ujwalla , Hajari Kamal , Golhar Yogesh 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPerson and suspicious activity detection is a major challenge for image-based surveillance systems. However, the accuracy of person detection is affected by several factors, such as the presence of the person, his trajectory, posture, complex background, and object distortion. In this work, we developed a person-focused dataset that includes various behaviors of students in an educational institution, such as cheating, theft of lab equipment, fights, and threatening situations. This dataset ensures consistent and standardized identification annotations for individuals, making it suitable for detection, tracking, and behavioral analysis of individuals. In addition, we have increased the detection accuracy through an improved architecture called YOLOv5 and introduced an efficient method for detecting global and local anomalous behaviors. This method extracts motion features that accurately describe the person’s movement, speed, and direction. To evaluate the effectiveness of our proposed approach, we validated it against our proposed database and publicly available benchmark datasets. Our method achieves state-of-the-art detection accuracy, namely 96.12%, with an error rate of 6.68% compared to existing methods. The empirical results show a significant improvement in anomalous activity detection. Our paper concludes with a summary and a discussion of possible future research directions.
Mental Health Literacy and Education of Complementary Medicine Practitioners: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Harnett Joanna E. , Leach Matthew J. , Karzon Randa , McIntyre Erica 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAn estimated 42% of Australians who consult complementary medicine (CM) practitioners have a mental health diagnosis. Preparedness of CM practitioners in managing such diagnoses is currently unknown. A cross-sectional survey of 257 CM practitioners who reported caring for people with a mental health diagnosis. Practitioners’ mental health literacy, educational needs, and confidence in the assessment, management, and treatment of mental health—including suicide risk—were analysed. Most (59.1%) participants had no formal qualifications in mental health and 44.3% indicated they had not completed any training in psychological therapies. Only 20% were trained in mindfulness-based techniques or goal setting. Over 50% reported their undergraduate qualification contained insufficient mental health content to prepare them for clinical practice. Over one-half had attended continuing professional education on mental health. Practitioners reported greater confidence in assessing, managing, and treating mental wellbeing over complex mental health disorders and suicide risk. These findings uncovered a deficit in the CM practitioner’s surveyed mental health education. As these CM practitioners are a primary point of contact for patients with mental health diagnoses, there is a critical need to expedite skills development in this workforce to support the delivery of safe and effective primary mental health care.
Average case error estimates of the strong Lucas test
Authors: Einsele Semira , Paterson Kenneth 
Published: January 2024

AbstractReliable probabilistic primality tests are fundamental in public-key cryptography. In adversarial scenarios, a composite with a high probability of passing a specific primality test could be chosen. In such cases, we need worst-case error estimates of the test. However, in many scenarios, the numbers are randomly chosen and thus have a significantly smaller error probability. We are hence interested in average-case error estimates. In this paper we establish such bounds for the strong Lucas primality test, as there exist only worst-case, but no average-case error bounds. This allows us to use this test with more confidence. Let us examine an algorithm that draws odd k-bit integers uniformly and independently, runs t independent iterations of the strong Lucas test with randomly chosen parameters, and outputs the first number that passes all t consecutive rounds. We attain numerical upper bounds on the probability that a composite is returned. Moreover, we examine a slight modification of this algorithm that only considers integers that are not divisible by small primes, yielding improved bounds. In addition, we classify the numbers that contribute most to our estimate.
Optimal data-driven control of manufacturing processes using reinforcement learning: an application to wire arc additive manufacturing
Authors: Mattera Giulio , Caggiano Alessandra , Nele Luigi 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Nowadays, artificial intelligence (AI) has become a crucial Key Enabling Technology with extensive application in diverse industrial sectors. Recently, considerable focus has been directed towards utilizing AI for the development of optimal control in industrial processes. In particular, reinforcement learning (RL) techniques have made significant advancements, enabling their application to data-driven problem-solving for the control of complex systems. Since industrial manufacturing processes can be treated as MIMO non-linear systems, RL can be used to develop complex data-driven intelligent decision-making or control systems. In this work, the workflow for developing a RL application for industrial manufacturing processes, including reward function setup, development of reduced order models and control policy construction, is addressed, and a new process-based reward function is proposed. To showcase the proposed approach, a case study is developed with reference to a wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) process. Based on experimental tests, a Reduced Order Model of the system is obtained and a Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient Controller is trained with aim to produce a simple geometry. Particular attention is given to the sim-to-real process by developing a WAAM simulator which allows to simulate the process in a realistic environment and to generate the code to be deployed on the motion platform controller.
Implications of policy changes for coastal landscape patterns and sustainability in Eastern China
Authors: Wang Yafei , Liao Jinfeng , Ye Yuxuan , O’Byrne David , Scown Murray W. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Context
The capacity of a landscape to maintain multifunctionality through ongoing pressures relates to its sustainability and is affected by land use policy and environmental changes. In coastal zones, limited empirical evidence exists regarding the impact of macro-level policy changes on local landscapes and their resulting temporal and spatial responses.

Objectives
This paper investigates the impact of national and provincial policies on local landscape patterns in China’s Zhejiang coastal zone, encompassing human expansion and ecological restoration in terms of landscape sustainability.

Methods
A cluster-based landscape pattern mining is conducted from 1990 to 2020 using Google Earth Engine, which is coupled with a historical policy classification analysis.

Results
Coastal zone policies evolved in three stages: development-oriented (1990–2010), conservation turning (2010–2017), and land-sea coordination (2017-present). Consequently, significant temporal and spatial differences in local landscape changes are observed. Artificial surface expansion aligned with these stages, especially in Hangzhou Bay, Xiangshan Bay, and Sanmen Bay. Expansion responded more swiftly to development-stimulating policies, exhibiting longer-lasting effects. Conservation policies faced delays due to conflicting interests, varied implementation entities, unsynchronized cycles, and a lack of coordinated conservation priorities across terrestrial and marine domains.

Conclusions
This study provides insights into the processes and patterns of human expansion and ecological restoration in coastal zones, offering implications for coastal policies and landscape sustainability. It facilitates an evaluation of the effectiveness of coastal zone policy implementation and suggests differentiated sustainable transformation plans. Moreover, it underscores the need to strengthen coordination between sea and land development for effective coastal zone management and sustainability.
Uniqueness of the extremal Schwarzschild de Sitter spacetime
Authors: Katona David , Lucietti James 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWe prove that any analytic vacuum spacetime with a positive cosmological constant in four and higher dimensions, that contains a static extremal Killing horizon with a maximally symmetric compact cross-section, must be locally isometric to either the extremal Schwarzschild de Sitter solution or its near-horizon geometry (the Nariai solution). In four-dimensions, this implies these solutions are the only analytic vacuum spacetimes that contain a static extremal horizon with compact cross-sections (up to identifications). We also consider the analogous uniqueness problem for the four-dimensional extremal hyperbolic Schwarzschild anti-de Sitter solution and show that it reduces to a spectral problem for the laplacian on compact hyperbolic surfaces, if a cohomological obstruction to the uniqueness of infinitesimal transverse deformations of the horizon is absent.