bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immunohistochemical expression of cyclin D1, E2F‐1, and Ki‐67 in benign and malignant thyroid lesions
Authors: Saiz Antonio D. , Olvera Maria , Rezk Sherif , Florentine Barbara A. , McCourty Althea , Brynes Russell K. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractCyclin D1 and E2F‐1 proteins are essential for the regulation of the G1/S transition through the cell cycle. Cyclin D1, a product of the bcl‐1 gene, phosphorylates the retinoblastoma protein, releasing E2F‐1, which in turn activates genes involved in DNA synthesis. Expression patterns of E2F‐1 protein in thyroid proliferations have not been reported. This study used monoclonal antibodies for cyclin D1 and E2F‐1 proteins to immunostain sections of normal thyroid, hyperplastic (cellular) nodules, follicular adenomas, follicular carcinomas, and papillary carcinomas. The proliferation rate was examined using an antibody specific for the Ki‐67 antigen. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) methods and chromosome 11‐specific probes were also employed to determine chromosome copy number and to assess for evidence of amplification at the 11q13 locus in papillary and follicular carcinomas with cyclin D1 overexpression. Concurrent overexpression of Ki‐67, cyclin D1, and E2F‐1 was found in the majority of benign and malignant thyroid lesions, compared with normal thyroid tissue. Cyclin D1 up‐regulation was not due to extra copies of chromosome 11, or bcl‐1 gene amplification. Malignant tumours showed the highest expression for all three markers, particularly papillary carcinomas. E2F‐1 was detected at the same or slightly lower levels than cyclin D1. It was only found when cyclin D1 was overexpressed. Because cyclin D1 normally activates E2F‐1, up‐regulation of cyclin D1 may lead to E2F‐1 overexpression in benign and malignant thyroid lesions. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Proinflammatory cytokine (TNFα/IL‐1α) induction of human osteoclast formation
Authors: Kudo Osami , Fujikawa Yosuke , Itonaga Ichiro , Sabokbar Afsie , Torisu Takehiko , Athanasou Nicholas A. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractTNFα and IL‐1α are potent stimulators of bone resorption in vivo and in vitro. Recently, it has been demonstrated that these two cytokines directly induce osteoclastogenesis in mouse marrow cultures. This study determined whether TNFα (± IL‐1α) is also capable of inducing human osteoclastogenesis. The CD14+ monocyte fraction of human peripheral mononuclear cells was cultured with TNFα ± IL‐1α in the presence of M‐CSF. TNFα induced the formation of multinucleated cells (MNCs) which were positive for TRAP, VNR and cathepsin K and showed evidence of resorption pit formation. IL‐1α stimulated TNFα‐induced lacunar resorption two‐ to four‐fold. Osteoprotegerin, the decoy receptor for RANKL, did not inhibit this process. Anti‐human IL‐1α neutralizing antibodies significantly inhibited resorption without inhibiting the formation of TRAP+/VNR+ MNCs. These results suggest that, in the presence of M‐CSF, TNFα is sufficient for inducing human osteoclast differentiation from circulating precursors by a process which is distinct from the RANK/RANKL signalling pathway. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Variations in antidepressant prescribing practice: clinical need or market influences?
Authors: De Las Cuevas Carlos , Sanz Emilio J. , De La Fuente Juan A. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the antidepressant prescribing patterns of community psychiatrists, and the prescriptions issued by general practitioners and private physicians during 1999 in order to analyse and discuss the intensity and sources of variations between doctors.MethodsAll reimbursed prescriptions for antidepressants written in 1999 by community psychiatrists and general practitioners working for the Canary Islands Health Service at Santa Cruz de Tenerife were collected from official sources. Prescriptions were available individualized for each psychiatrist but were collected globally for the others. Drugs were classified according to the Anatomic Therapeutic Chemical (ATC‐1999 edition) System and use was quantified in terms of defined daily doses (DDDs). As an indicator of the quality of drug prescribing, the DU90% was used.ResultsThe total use of antidepressant in Tenerife was 21.4 DDD/1000 inhabitants/day. The most frequently prescribed substances were fluoxetine, paroxetine and sertraline, which accounted for 58% of all prescriptions. Each psychiatrist used between 10 and 20 different substances and between 15 and 26 different trade names. Prescribing by general practitioners mirrored that of psychiatrist, and private doctors (mainly psychiatrist) were found to have a different pattern of prescribing with higher use of new and uncommon antidepressants. Psychiatrists acknowledge the pressures of promotion by the pharmaceutical industry and half of them recognize a personal relationship with some ‘company representatives’.ConclusionThere is a remarkable degree of variation in antidepressant prescribing by psychiatrists and general practitioners, this is due to economic and social factors as much as to morbidity differences. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pattern of use of complementary/alternative medicine (CAM) in epileptic patients in a tertiary care hospital in India
Authors: Tandon M. , Prabhakar S. , Pandhi P. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractPurposeMany patients use complementary/alternative medicine (CAM) for their health problems especially where long‐term treatment is required. Epilepsy is the most prevalent neurological disorder requiring long‐term treatment and compliance. The purpose of the study was to establish the pattern of use of CAM in epileptic patients.Methods1000 patients with seizure disorder visiting the Neurology outpatient department were interviewed regarding use of complementary/alternative medicine (CAM) in the past. The pattern of use, persons who recommended CAM and the reasons for trying these therapies and sequence of seeking them was noted in these patients.ResultsOverall 32% of patients had used CAM. Ayurvedic medicine was used most frequently, either alone (43%) or in combination (38%) with other CAM therapies followed by homeopathy (12.5%). Use of CAM was seen among all age groups and at all levels of education and was most frequent in the rural population (67%). Influence of family and friends (50%) was the most common reason for trying these therapies. Most patients (57%) sought CAM providers first before seeking the services of a medical doctor in our study.ConclusionAs more and more patients use CAM, physicians should ask their patients whether they use these therapies and should discuss these practices with their patients in order to safeguard their health. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and crosslinking of vinyl‐terminated biphenyl and naphthalene liquid‐crystalline poly(epichlorohydrin) derivatives: Effect of nonmesogenic nonvinylic units on the mesogenic properties
Authors: Callau Lourdes , Reina José Antonio , Mantecón Ana 
Published: October 2002

AbstractTwo series of vinyl‐terminated side‐chain liquid‐crystalline polyethers containing ethylene oxide or glycidyl aromatic carboxylates as spacers were synthesized. The mesogenic cores were 4,4′‐biphenyl or 2,6‐naphthalene moieties. The polymers were synthesized by chemically modifying poly(epichlorohydrin) or poly(epichlorohydrin)‐poly(ethylene oxide) with the corresponding mesogenic carboxylic acids or with mixtures of these acids and the nonmesogenic non‐crosslinkable analogous 4‐biphenyl‐ and 2‐naphthalenecarboxylic acids. In most cases the degree of modification achieved was higher than 90%. The polymers were characterized by chlorine analysis, IR, and 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopies; viscosimetry; size exclusion chromatography; multi‐angle laser light scattering; and thermogravimetric analysis. The liquid‐crystal behavior, shown by most polymers, was examined by differential scanning calorimetry, polarized optical microscopy (POM), and X‐ray diffraction on mechanically oriented samples. The crosslinking of most polymers was done by peroxide‐type initiators that led to liquid‐crystal thermosets or elastomers. The freezing of the mesophase organization on the crosslinked materials was confirmed by POM and X‐ray diffraction. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 40: 3893–3908, 2002
Synthesis of polyacetals with various main‐chain structures by the self‐polyaddition of vinyl ethers with a hydroxyl function
Authors: Hashimoto Tamotsu , Ishizuka Koji , Umehara Akihiro , Kodaira Toshiyuki 
Published: October 2002

AbstractTo establish the optimum conditions for obtaining high molecular weight polyacetals by the self‐polyaddition of vinyl ethers with a hydroxyl group, we performed the polymerization of 4‐hydroxybutyl vinyl ether (CH2CHOCH2CH2CH2CH2OH) with various acidic catalysts [p‐toluene sulfonic acid monohydrate, p‐toluene sulfonic anhydride (TSAA), pyridinium p‐toluene sulfonate, HCl, and BF3OEt2] in different solvents (tetrahydrofuran and toluene) at 0 °C. All the polymerizations proceeded exclusively via the polyaddition mechanism to give polyacetals of the structure [CH(CH3)OCH2CH2CH2CH2O]n quantitatively. The reaction with TSAA in tetrahydrofuran led to the highest molecular weight polymers (number‐average molecular weight = 110,000, weight‐average molecular weight/number‐average molecular weight = 1.59). 2‐Hydroxyethyl vinyl ether, diethylene glycol monovinyl ether, cyclohexane dimethanol monovinyl ether, and tricyclodecane dimethanol monovinyl ether were also employed as monomers, and polyacetals with various main‐chain structures were obtained. This structural variety of the main chain changed the glass‐transition temperature of the polyacetals from approximately −70 °C to room temperature. These polyacetals were thermally stable but exhibited smooth degradation with a treatment of aqueous acid to give the corresponding diol compounds in quantitative yields. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 40: 4053–4064, 2002
Rheooptical Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy of the deformation behavior in quenched and slow‐cooled isotactic polypropylene films
Authors: Parthasarthy Gautam , Sevegney Michael , Kannan Rangaramanujam M. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractEmerging technological applications for complex polymers require insight into the dynamics of these materials from a molecular and nanostructural viewpoint. To characterize the orientational response at these length scales, we developed a versatile rheooptical Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer by combining rheometry, polarimetry, and FTIR spectroscopy. This instrument is capable of measuring linear infrared dichroism spectra during both small‐strain dynamic deformation and large‐strain irreversible deformation over a wide temperature range. The deformation response of quenched and slow‐cooled isotactic polypropylene (iPP) is investigated. In quenched iPP, under dynamic oscillatory strain at an amplitude of ∼0.1%, the dichroism from the orientation of the amorphous chains is appreciably less than that from the crystalline region. At large irreversible strains, we measured the dichroic response for 12 different peaks simultaneously and quantitatively. The dichroism from the crystalline peaks is strong as compared to amorphous peaks. In the quenched sample, the dichroism from the crystalline region saturates at 50% strain, followed by a significant increase in the amorphous region dichroism. This is consistent with the notion that the crystalline regions respond strongly before the yield point, whereas the majority of postyielding orientation occurs in the amorphous region. Our results also suggest that the 841 cm−1 peak may be especially sensitive to the ‘smectic’ region orientation in the quenched sample. The response of the slow‐cooled sample at 70 °C is qualitatively similar but characterized by a stronger crystalline region dichroism and a weaker amorphous region dichroism, consistent with the higher crystallinity of this sample, and faster chain relaxation at 70 °C. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 40: 2539–2551, 2002
Grafting of polycaprolactone onto poly(ethylene‐co‐vinyl alcohol) and application to polyethylene‐based bioerodable blends
Authors: Park Eun‐Soo , Kim Mal‐Nam , Yoon Jin‐San 
Published: October 2002

AbstractPoly(ethylene‐co‐vinyl acetate) (EVA) powders containing 10 and 20 wt % of vinyl acetate (VAc) units was saponified in ethanol/KOH solution in a heterogeneous manner. Intermolecular interaction between vinyl alcohol(VOH) units in the produced poly(ethylene‐co‐vinyl alcohol) (EVOH) promoted the crystallization of intervening segments composed of ethylene units. Ring opening polymerization of caprolactone (CL) in the presence of EVOH gave EVOH‐g‐PCL graft copolymers with relatively short chain branches. Even though the graft copolymerization was carried out in a homogeneous solution, all the VOH units were not equally reactive for the PCL grafting. And the unreacted VOH units decreased very slowly with the graft copolymerization time. EVOH‐g‐PCL decreased the domain size of the dispersed phase in low density polyethylene (PE)/biodegradable master batch (MB) blends, and thus increased their tensile properties significantly. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 40: 2561–2569, 2002
Reversal of digital clubbing after lung transplantation in cystic fibrosis patients: A clue to the pathogenesis of clubbing
Authors: Augarten Arie , Goldman Ran , Laufer Joseph , Szeinberg Amir , Efrati Ori , Barak Asher , Miller Mervyn S. , Yahav Yaacov 
Published: October 2002

AbstractDigital clubbing is a common sign in cystic fibrosis (CF) and in a variety of other diseases. However, its pathogenesis remains obscure. In diseases other than CF, regression of clubbing has been noted after cure of the underlying disease. The aim of this study was to assess whether clubbing is reversible in CF patients after lung transplantation. Digital clubbing was investigated in 3 CF patients, prior to and after lung transplantation. Distal phalangeal depth (DPD) and interphalangeal depth (IPD) of the index finger were measured using a skinfold caliper, and the DPD/IDP ratio was calculated.The mean DPD/IDP ratio was 1.08 ± 0.05 prior to transplantation and 1.00 ± 0.06, 0.96 ± 0.06, 0.92 ± 0.04, and 0.89 ± 0.07 at 3, 6, 12, and 24 months after transplantation, respectively. In all 3 patients, the DPD/IDP ratio was greater than 1 before transplantation. In 2 patients, this ratio decreased to less than 1 within 3 months, and in the third patient within 9 months after surgery.We conclude that digital clubbing is reversible in CF patients who undergo lung transplantation. Regression was usually noted during the first 3 months posttransplantation. This could be explained either by adequate inactivation of a circulating clubbing‐inducing molecule by the normal transplanted lungs, or by removal of the diseased lungs in which this presumably causative substance was produced. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2002; 34:378–380. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Phase I study of a vaccine using recombinant vaccinia virus expressing PSA (rV‐PSA) in patients with metastatic androgen‐independent prostate cancer
Authors: Gulley James , Chen Alice P. , Dahut William , Arlen Philip M. , Bastian Anne , Steinberg Seth M. , Tsang Kwong , Panicali Dennis , Poole Diane , Schlom Jeffrey , Michael Hamilton J. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDA Phase I trial of recombinant vaccinia prostate specific antigen (rV‐PSA) in patients with advanced metastatic prostate cancer was conducted. This report describes 42 patients who were treated with up to three monthly vaccinations.METHODSAll patients were entered on a dose‐escalation phase I study of recombinant vaccinia containing the gene for PSA (rV‐PSA). The primary objective of this study was to determine the safety of this vaccine in metastatic androgen‐independent prostate cancer patients. A secondary objective was to assess evidence of anti‐tumor activity by PSA measurements, radiologic findings, and immunologic methods.RESULTSThere was no significant treatment‐related toxicity apart from erythema, tenderness, and vesicle formation that lasted several days at the site of injection in some patients. There were immunologic responses, in selected patients, as evidenced by an increase in the proportion of PSA‐specific T cells after vaccination. Furthermore, we show that these patients' T cells can lyse PSA‐expressing tumor cells in vitro.CONCLUSIONGiven the low toxicity profile and the evidence of immunologic activity, we believe future study is warranted with PSA‐based vaccines in prostate cancer. New PSA‐based vaccines and vaccine strategies are currently being evaluated. Prostate 53: 109–117, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Oncolytic viral gene therapy for prostate cancer using two attenuated, replication‐competent, genetically engineered herpes simplex viruses
Authors: Cozzi Paul J. , Burke Peter B. , Bhargav Amit , Heston Warren D.W. , Huryk Bob , Scardino Peter T. , Fong Yuman 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDAttenuated, replication‐competent herpes simplex virus mutants offer an exciting new modality in cancer therapy through their ability to selectively replicate within and kill malignant cells with minimal harm to normal tissues.METHODSThis study investigates the efficacy of two such viruses, G207 and NV1020, in human prostatic carcinoma. In vitro studies were performed on four human prostatic carcinoma cell lines, and in vivo single/multiple dose studies were undertaken on mice by using two human cell types. Tumor volume, histopathology at necropsy, and serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) were used as measures of antiproliferative effect in the in vivo experiments.RESULTSBoth viruses were effective in producing cytolytic effects in vitro at various multiplicities of infection in all cell lines tested. Both viruses demonstrated antitumor effects in vivo with a statistically significant decrease in serum PSA and inhibition of growth of both PC‐3 and C4‐2 subcutaneous xenografts. Tumor‐free animals at necropsy were observed in the treated groups but not in control animals.CONCLUSIONThese results display impressive activity against human prostate cancer and offer promise for the use of this modality in the future. Prostate 53: 95–100, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Production of anti‐virus, viroid plants by genetic manipulations
Authors: Ishida Isao , Tukahara Masayoshi , Yoshioka Masaharu , Ogawa Toshiya , Kakitani Mokoto , Toguri Toshihiro 
Published: October 2002

AbstractMany pathogenic plant viruses are RNA viruses, which initiate production of double‐stranded RNA intermediates when they replicate in host plant cells. Introduction of double‐stranded RNA‐specific ribonucleases such as the Schizosaccharomyces pombe derived pac I protein and animal cell derived interferon‐induced 2′,5′‐oligoadenylate synthetase (2‐5Aase)/ribonuclease L (RNase L) system into various plants may make plants resistant to various pathogenic viruses and viroids. We have demonstrated that pac I and 2‐5Aase/RNase L transgenic tobacco plants are resistant to various viruses including tobacco mosaic virus, cucumber mosaic virus and potato virus Y. In addition, pac I transgenic potato plants are resistant to potato spindle tuber viroid. Using Agrobacterium‐mediated transformation, we have established a transformation system for chrysanthemum plants and have recently developed pac I transgenic chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflora cv Reagan) resistant to chrysanthemum stunt viroid and have grown them in isolated fields for an evaluation of their effects.© 2002 Society of Chemical Industry
Three‐dimensional common‐feature hypotheses of inhibitors of calling behaviour and in vitro [14C]acetate incorporation by pheromone glands of Plodia interpunctella
Authors: Hirashima Akinori , Eiraku Tomohiko , Shigeta Yoko , Kuwano Eiichi , Taniguchi Eiji , Eto Morifusa 
Published: October 2002

AbstractSome octopamine (OA) agonists were found to suppress the calling behaviour and pheromone biosynthesis in vitro of the Indian meal moth, Plodia interpunctella (Hübner), a stored‐product pest. Compounds were screened using a calling behaviour bioassay of female P interpunctella. Three active derivatives, with activity at the nanomolar level, were identified. In order of decreasing pheromonostatic activity these were: 2‐(2‐ethyl‐6‐methylanilino)oxazolidine > 2‐(2,6‐diethylanilino)thiazolidine > 2‐(2,6‐diethylanilino)oxazolidine. These compounds showed also in vitro inhibitory activities in de novo pheromone biosynthesis. Three‐dimensional pharmacophore hypotheses were built from a set of 19 compounds. Among the ten common‐featured models generated by the program Catalyst/HipHop, a hypothesis including a ring aromatic group (RA), a positive ionizable group (PI) and two hydrophobic aliphatic (HpAl) features was considered to be essential for inhibitory activity in the calling behaviour and pheromone biosynthesis in vitro. Active compounds mapped well onto all the RA, PI and HpAl features of the hypothesis. Less‐active compounds were shown not to achieve the energetically favourable conformation which was found in the active molecules in order to fit the 3‐D common‐feature pharmacophore models. The present studies demonstrate that inhibition of calling behaviour and PBAN‐stimulated incorporation of radioactivity is by OA‐agonistic activity.© 2002 Society of Chemical Industry
Evaluation of the effect of triterpenes on urinary risk factors of stone formation in pyridoxine deficient hyperoxaluric rats
Authors: Vidya Lakshminarasimhan , Lenin Mahimainathan , Varalakshmi Palaninathan 
Published: October 2002

AbstractInvestigations were carried out to evaluate the efficacy of the pentacyclic triterpene, lupeol and its ester, lupeol linoleate, against calcium oxalate urolithiasis in rats. Administration of a pyridoxine deficient diet containing 3% glycollic acid for 21 days led to increased excretion of stone forming constituents such as calcium, oxalate and uric acid. Crystal deposition and subsequent renal tubular damage resulted in increased excretion of the tubular enzymes alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, γ glutamyl transferase, β glucuronidase and N‐acetyl glucosaminidase along with reduced fibrinolytic enzymes. A reduction in the urinary inhibitory factors magnesium and glycosaminoglycans was also observed. Treatment with lupeol and lupeol linoleate reduced the extent of tubular damage as evidenced from reduced enzymuria and minimized the excretion of stone forming constituents. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Four‐parameter beta distribution estimation and skewness test
Authors: McGarvey Ronald G. , Del Castillo Enrique , Cavalier Tom M. , Lehtihet E. Amine 
Published: October 2002

AbstractSequential tolerance control (STC) is a tolerance control methodology used in discrete parts manufacturing. Recently, an adaptive sphere‐fitting method for STC (ASF–STC) was developed to account for potential skewness in manufacturing operations' distributions, a factor not considered in conventional STC. ASF–STC offers significant improvements over conventional STC when such skewness exists. The direction of skewness of an operations' distribution is a necessary input to ASF–STC. Thus, a novel approach to determining the skewness of a distribution for small sample sizes is presented here. ASF–STC has an additional requirement of distribution information for each operation. The beta distribution is an ideal candidate here, as it is very flexible in shape. The literature on four‐parameter beta estimation is very limited, and their performance for small sample sizes is poor. STC was designed for low‐volume production, thus the estimation for small sample sizes is necessary here. This study presents a heuristic, based on the method of moments estimates for a beta distribution, that estimates the four parameters for a beta distribution with small sample size. Several computational results are provided to compare this heuristic to the best‐known procedure, with the heuristic found to perform better for the test problems considered. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.