bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Social Determinants of Health-Informed Healthcare Worker Well-being: Findings from a Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Kim Linda Y. , Hollingsworth Adrienne Martinez , Coleman Bernice , Aronow Harriet U. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background: There is limited research on the prevalence across sociodemographic groups of environmental and social factors associated with healthcare worker (HCW) burnout, and findings are often inconclusive or inconsistent. Evidence suggests individuals from historically underrepresented minority groups may experience burnout differently, yet those data that do exist rarely explore variations among the HCW job categories and sub-groups, including the impact of sociodemographic factors. The purpose of this analysis, was to assess variations in the social determinants of health (SDOH) across HCW job categories, as a first step in understanding differences in social needs and identifying targeted employee wellness strategies.
Methods: This study included 12,715 HCWs (e.g., Physicians; RNs and LVNs; Scientists/Research/Information Systems; Administrative Support; Allied Health Professionals; Management; Trades/Crafts/Engineering/Facilities; Unlicensed Assistive Personnel [UAP], Security; Food Services; and Environment [EVS]/Transportation Services), across 586 California zip codes. The California Healthy Places Index (HPI) data file was used to examine the impact of SDOH on HCWs based on their reported zip codes. Analysis of variance with Bonferroni Correction to adjust for multiple comparisons was used to assess differences across job categories, and Two-step Cluster Analysis was used to evaluate how job categories might form distinct clusters on SDOH.
Results: While physicians had the highest HPI percentiles across all HPI sub-categories, the lower-wage workers including EVS/ Transport Services, Food Services, and Security consistently ranked lower, below the state average (50th percentile). Overall, the HPI percentile was lowest for environmental living conditions and pollution for all HCWs and considerably lower than the statewide standardized average. The education and economic components of the HPI were higher on average than the state average. Ranking by job category put Physicians at, or near, the top for most HPI components; while Security, Food Service, and Environmental Services and Transportation employees at, or near, the bottom rank for most components.
Conclusions: The findings from this highlight the importance of SDOH-informed employee wellness programs and research studies. Findings also underscore the importance of a call to action for policymakers to act upon health disparities in the HCW population.
Single-B cell analysis correlates high-lactate secretion with stress and increased apoptosis
Authors: Bucheli Olivia T.M. , Rodrigues Daniela , Portmann Kevin , Linder Aline , Thoma Marina , Halin Cornelia , Eyer Klaus 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
While cellular metabolism was proposed to be a driving factor of the activation and differentiation of B cells and the function of the resulting antibody-secreting cells (ASCs), the study of correlations between cellular metabolism and functionalities has been difficult due to the absence of technologies enabling the parallel measurement. Herein, we performed single-cell transcriptomics and introduced a direct concurrent functional and metabolic flux quantitation of individual murine B cells. Our transcriptomic data identified lactate metabolism as dynamic in ASCs, but antibody secretion did not correlate with lactate secretion rates (LSRs). Instead, our study of all splenic B cells during an immune response linked increased lactate metabolism with acidic intracellular pH and the upregulation of apoptosis. T cell-dependent responses increased LSRs, and added TLR4 agonists affected the magnitude and boosted LSRhigh B cells in vivo, while resulting in only a few immunoglobulin-G secreting cells (IgG-SCs). Therefore, our observations indicated that LSRhigh cells were not differentiating into IgG-SCs, and were rather removed due to apoptosis.
Living and Dying between Cultural Traditions in African &amp; Caribbean Heritage Families: A Constructivist Grounded Theory
Authors: Souza Joanna , Gillett Karen , Salifu Yakubu , Walshe Catherine 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background
Ethnic differences influence end-of-life health behaviours and usage of palliative care. Advance care planning is not widely utilised in minority ethnic heritage communities. Older adults expect and trust their children to be their decision makers at the end of life. The study aim was to construct a theory of the dynamics that underpin end-of-life conversations within families of African and Caribbean heritage, a voice not well represented in the current debate on improving end-of-life outcomes.
Methods
Using Charmaz’s constructivist grounded theory approach, a purposive sample of elders, adult children, and grandchildren of African and Caribbean Heritage were recruited. In-person and online focus groups were conducted, analysed using an inductive, reflexive comparative analysis process. Initial and axial coding facilitated the creation of categories, these categories were abstracted to constructs and used in theory construction.
Results
Elders (n = 4), adult children (n = 14), and adult grandchildren (n = 3) took part in 5 focus groups. A grounded theory of living and dying between cultural traditions in African and Caribbean heritage families was created with the following constructs: a) Preparing for death but not for dying b) Complexity in traditions crosses oceans c) Living and dying between cultures and traditions d) There is culture, gender and there is personality e) Watching the death of another prompts conversations. f) An experience of Hysteresis.
Discussion
Preparation for after-death processes is celebrated in African and Caribbean cultures resulting in early exposure and opportunities for discussion of these processes. Migration results in reforming of people’s habitus/ world views shaped by a mixing of cultures. Being in different geographical places impacts generational learning-by-watching of the dying process and decisions that need to be made.
Conclusions
Recognising the role of family and the impact of migration on the exposure of those family members to previous dying experiences is important. This can provide a more empathetic and insightful approach to partnership working between health care professionals and patients and families facing serious illness. A public health approach focused on enabling adult children to have better end of life conversations with their parents can inform the development of culturally competent palliative care.
Pathologic-radiomic mixed model predicts survival in operated non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Ravanelli Marco , Roca Elisa , Rondi Paolo , Agazzi Giorgio Maria , Baggi Alice , Borghesi Andrea , Vezzoli Marika , Melocchi Laura , Milanese Gianluca , Bossi Paolo , Vermi William , Silva Mario , Benvenuti Mauro Roberto , Sverzellati Nicola , Maroldi Roberto , Farina Davide 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Purpose
The objective of our retrospective study was to assess the prognostic value of texture analysis and histopathological features in surgically resected lung cancer patients.
Materials and methods
In total, 70 patients with lung cancer stage IC to IIIA were included in this study. Tumor sections were morphologically evaluated on the basis of tumoral infiltrating lymphocytes, stromal density and tumor necrosis. CT texture analysis was performed using commercially available software (TexRAD) on unfiltered and filtered images with four spatial scale filters. Relevant textural features were selected using Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) with internal cross-validation. Hazard ratios (HR) were calculated using an overall textural coefficient splitting the sample at an optimal cut-point. Prognostic significance of pathological variables was evaluated with Cox models. The comparison between the performance of the textural-based model, the pathological-based model and the combined model was evaluated by Brier score and cross-validated c-index.
Results
Entropy spatial scale filter (SSF) = 2 was related to overall survival (OS). Patients with different textural scores had significant OS differences (p = 0.011, HR = 2.29). Trends were noted for pathological features and patients were classified into two groups with different prognoses (p = 0.007, HR = 2.8). Tumors with higher Hounsfield units (HU) or unfiltered mean value of positive pixels (mpp) were associated with histopathological features (HU, p = 0.008 and mpp, p = 0.005). The combination of textural and pathological features gave three different prognostic groups and the combined textural plus pathological model was the most informative and most accurate (c-index 0.708).
Conclusions
Textural and pathological tumor analyses are both prognostic and complementary in risk stratification. If these results are confirmed in future studies, they could form the basis for modifying treatment decisions for patients.
Advances in knowledge
CT texture analysis could help in prognostic stratification of surgically operated lung cancer patients and is complementary to histopathological analysis.
Exploring the effectiveness of molecular subtypes, biomarkers, and genetic variations as first-line treatment predictors in Asian breast cancer patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Hamid Mas Rina Wati Haji Abdul , Bahrin Nurul Wafiqah Saipol , Matusin Siti Nur Idayu , Mustapa Aklimah , Huat Lu Zen , Parera Sriyani 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Breast cancer incidence has been on the rise significantly in the Asian population, occurring at an earlier age and a later stage. The potential predictive value of molecular subtypes, biomarkers, and genetic variations has not been deeply explored in the Asian population. This study evaluated the effect of molecular subtypes classification and the presence or absence of biomarkers and genetic variations on pathological complete response (pCR) after neoadjuvant treatment in Asian breast cancer patients.
Methods
A systematic search was conducted in MEDLINE (PubMed), Science Direct, Scopus, and Cochrane Library databases. Studies were selected if they included Asian breast cancer patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy and contained data for qualitative or quantitative analyses. The quality of the included studies was assessed using the Newcastle Ottawa Scale. Following the random effects model, pooled odds ratios or hazard ratios with 95% confidence intervals for pCR were analysed using Review Manager Software. Heterogeneity between studies was assessed using Cochran’s Q-test and I2 test statistics.
Results
19,708 Asian breast cancer patients were pooled from 101 studies. In the neoadjuvant setting, taxane-anthracycline (TA) chemotherapy showed better pCR outcomes in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) (p < 0.0001) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 enriched (HER2E) (p < 0.0001) than luminal breast cancer patients. Similarly, taxane-platinum (TP) chemotherapy also showed better pCR outcomes in TNBC (p < 0.0001) and HER2E (p < 0.0001). Oestrogen receptor (ER)-negative, progesterone receptor (PR)-negative, HER2-positive and high Ki-67 were significantly associated with better pCR outcomes when treated with either TA or TP. Asian breast cancer patients harbouring wildtype PIK3CA were significantly associated with better pCR outcomes when treated with TA in the neoadjuvant setting (p = 0.001).
Conclusions
In the neoadjuvant setting, molecular subtypes (HER2E and TNBC), biomarkers (ER, PR, HER2, HR, Ki-67, nm23-H1, CK5/6, and Tau), and gene (PIK3CA) are associated with increased pCR rates in Asian breast cancer patients. Hence, they could be further explored for their possible role in first-line treatment response, which can be utilised to treat breast cancer more efficiently in the Asian population. However, it needs to be further validated with additional powered studies.
Systematic review registration:
PROSPERO CRD42021246295
Development of a Rapid Method for Determination of Ochratoxin A in Grape Mash and Wine
Authors: Efanova Yulia , Nikfardjam Martin Pour 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

The occurrence of Ochratoxin A (OTA) in wine is commonly known, but there is only limited information about its occurrence in grape mash and wines of German origin. Climate change has led to higher temperatures in the southern regions of Germany, which may increase the growth of fungi associated with the production of OTA and increase the content of this mycotoxin in grapes. A safe and rapid UHPLC-FLD method was developed and validated to assess the contamination of grape mash and wine with OTA. A total of 71 samples of grape mash and 30 wines from various wine producers in BadenWürttemberg, Germany, were analysed for OTA content. The results showed that no samples contained OTA in concentrations above the limit of detection. Further monitoring of samples from different vintages is needed.
Cannabidiol and fluorinated derivative anti-cancer properties against glioblastoma multiforme cell lines, and synergy with imidazotetrazine agents
Authors: Brookes Alice , Kindon Nicholas , Scurr David J. , Alexander Morgan R. , Gershkovich Pavel , Bradshaw Tracey D. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is an aggressive cancer with poor prognosis, partly due to resistance to the standard chemotherapy treatment, temozolomide (TMZ). Phytocannabinoid cannabidiol (CBD) has exhibited anti-cancer effects against GBM, however, the ability of CBD to overcome common resistance mechanisms to TMZ have not yet been investigated. 4’-Fluoro-cannabidiol (4’-F-CBD, or HUF-101/PECS-101) is a derivative of CBD, that exhibits increased activity compared to CBD during in vivo behavioural studies.
Methods
This work investigated the anti-cancer activity of cannabinoids against GBM cells sensitive to and representing major resistance mechanisms to TMZ. The cannabinoids were also studied in combination with imidazotetrazine agents, and the OrbiSIMS technique was used to investigate the mechanism of action of CBD.
Results
CBD and 4’-F-CBD were found to overcome two major resistance mechanisms (methylguanine DNA-methyltransferase (MGMT) activity and DNA mismatch repair (MMR)-deficiency). Synergistic responses were observed when cells were exposed to cannabinoids and imidazotetrazine agents. Synergy was increased with T25 and 4’-F-CBD. OrbiSIMS analysis highlighted the presence of methylated-DNA, a previously unknown anti-cancer mechanism of action of CBD.
Conclusions
This work demonstrates the anti-cancer activity of 4’-F-CBD and the synergy of cannabinoids with imidazotetrazine agents for the first time and expands understanding of CBD mechanism of action.
A Mathematical Modeling Approach for Optimal Parking Space Selection and Path Planning in Autonomous Parking Systems with UAV-Assisted Topsis Entropy Weight Method
Authors: Dong Ruichun , Hu Mengqi , Cui Tong , Wan Dawei , Meng Xiangqian 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

With the advancements in vehicle sensors and wireless communication technologies, the field of driverless technology has gained significant attention. However, existing studies have primarily focused on unmanned controlled parking once the vehicle reaches the vicinity of the parking space. This paper aims to address the challenges associated with optimal parking space selection and path planning for automatic parking. To achieve this, we propose an optimal planning model based on the Topsis entropy weight method, incorporating UAV-assisted scheduling. We establish a state equation-based parking model utilizing the Ackerman structure of the vehicle, enabling effective parking path planning for three distinct types of parking spaces. Through experimental results, we demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed method in resolving the problem of optimal parking space selection in parking lots, as well as overcoming difficulties encountered during vehicle parking, such as narrow parking spaces and constraints imposed by the driver's angle. This research contributes to the advancement of autonomous parking systems, enhancing their efficiency and effectiveness in real-world applications.
Experiments on suffusion of coarse soils from an ageing British dam
Authors: Benamar Ahmed , Santos Ricardo Correia 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Results of suffusion tests with unidirectional seepage on samples of six coarse soils are evaluated. Samples are from an aging earth fill dam, built at the end of the 18th century, in England, with a driving road at the crest level, in which concerns about the threat of suffusion during major storms existed. Suffusion is a form of internal erosion characterized by the migration of fine particles towards downstream areas along the matrix formed by the soils’ coarser fraction. Seven commonly used geometric criteria are comprehensively evaluated against the experimental data carried out. Experimental data showed that suffusion occurs in most of the tested soil specimens, despite some of the available empirical criteria classifying them as internally stable. Following the studies on suffusion, the dam was subjected to important maintenance works to prevent internal erosion phenomena.
Association of maternal folic acid supplementation and offspring MTRR gene polymorphism with congenital heart disease: a hospital-based case-control study in Han population
Authors: Li Liuxuan , Ou Jun , Chen Yige , Chen Qian , Luo Manjun , Wang Tingting , Zhang Yingfan , Qin Jiabi 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background
Although many studies shown that the risk of congenital heart disease (CHD) was closely related to genetic and environmental factors, the exact mechanism was still unclear. This study was to assess the association of maternal folic acid supplementation (FAS), the 5-methyltetrahydrofolate-homocysteine methyltransferase reductase (MTRR) gene polymorphisms in offspring and their interactions with the risk of CHD and its subtypes.
Methods
A case-control study was conducted on 595 children with CHD and 605 healthy child controls. The multivariate logistic regression model was used to assess the association of maternal FAS, offspring MTRR gene polymorphisms and their interactions with CHD and its subtypes.
Results
This study shown that maternal FAS was significantly associated with a reduced risk of CHD (OR = 0.55, 95%CI: 0.36–0.83) and its subtypes including ASD (OR = 0.25, 95%CI: 0.14–0.45), VSD (OR = 0.42, 95%CI: 0.27–0.64), and CTD (OR = 0.23, 95%CI: 0.09–0.59) in offspring. Offspring MTRR gene polymorphisms at rs162048 (GG vs AA: OR = 2.05, 95%CI: 1.35–3.13), rs1802059 (AA vs GG: OR = 5.13, 95%CI: 2.15–12.23; GA vs GG: OR = 1.81, 95%CI: 1.35–2.43), rs10380 (TT vs CC: OR = 2.27, 95%CI: 1.20–4.31) and rs1801394 (GG vs AA: OR = 1.58, 95%CI: 1.02–2.42) were significantly associated with the risk of CHD, and similar results were also found for three subtypes of CHD. Additionally, a statistically significant interaction between maternal FAS and offspring MTRR gene polymorphism at rs1802059 was observed (OR = 0.38, 95%CI: 0.15–0.94). Among children who had a variant genotype at rs1802059, the risk of CHD was significantly decreased when their mother used folate for this pregnancy compared with mothers not using folate.
Conclusions
In those of Chinese descent, maternal FAS and offspring MTRR gene polymorphisms are significantly associated with the risk of CHD and its three subtypes. Furthermore, maternal FAS may help to offset some of risks of CHD due to offspring MTRR genetic variants. However, more studies with prospective designs and larger samples are needed to confirm our findings.
Trial registration:
Registration number: ChiCTR1800016635; Registration time: 14/06/2018.
The social problems of older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic, a systematic review
Authors: Nabi Somaye , Zandieh Zhale , Bahadori Farzaneh , Bakhshandeh Razieh , Bagheri Roghie , Niksolat Maryam 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Introduction: While the COVID-19 pandemic devastated the healthcare system, its consequences worsened for senior citizens. They have been at higher risk of being physically affected and faced more social and mental problems in the COVID-19 era. During the pandemic, they, more than other age groups, reported a feeling of loneliness, symptoms of depression, and anxiety, and, more than ever, faced ageism, discrimination, and elder abuse. Although many people can overcome social isolation in the light of social media and the internet, elderly individuals are not digitally literate and welcoming to technology like younger generations. Recognizing the unique needs of older adults is required to include them in health policies. Method In this systematic review, we collected all studies originally in English and with relative information regarding the social problems of older people during the pandemic in PubMed, Medline, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science (n = 25). Results The findings were classified into three main components: 1) body function and body structure, 2) activities and participation, and 3) environmental factors. Discussion Higher levels of depression, generalized anxiety disorders, social isolation, and loneliness were reported in older adults during COVID-19 by several studies. Preexisting mental health conditions can potentially worsen a patient’s vulnerability to the negative consequences of COVID-19. Stress-induced neuroinflammation can lead to neuronal atrophy, decreased synaptic density, and neurogenesis. Living with at least one other person reduces the impacts of isolation and could provide cognitive stimulation through complex communication and shared experiences. Long periods of inactivity increase the likelihood of developing or exacerbating chronic diseases. Peer groups’ support and having pets can mitigate social isolation. Technology for senior citizens cannot be as helpful as for younger generations. Conclusion Social isolation has proved to be more paralyzing for older adults since they do not have equal access to the internet and are not equally welcoming to social media and the internet as younger generations. This negative impact is worse for those with chronic conditions, especially cognitive impairments.