bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expression and prognostic significance of PTEN product protein in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Tachibana Mitsuo , Shibakita Muneaki , Ohno Satoshi , Kinugasa Shoichi , Yoshimura Hiroshi , Ueda Shuhei , Fujii Toshiyuki , Rahman Mohammad A. , Dhar Dipok K. , Nagasue Naofumi 
Published: September 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDPTEN is a candidate tumor‐suppressor gene in a variety of malignant tumors. The prognostic importance of PTEN product protein (PTEN) and its correlation with clinicopathologic characteristics have yet to be delineated in patients with esophageal carcinoma.METHODSSpecimens from 97 patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma were used for the immunohistochemical evaluation of PTEN expression.RESULTSPTEN expression was detected in the nucleus in 48 specimens (49.5%). There were statistically significant correlations between nuclear PTEN expression and macroscopic tumor classification, T stage, and American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) stage (P < 0.01), indicating that PTEN expression was down‐regulated by advancement of the disease process. There were no statistically significant correlations between nuclear PTEN expression and the intensity and extent of cytoplasmic PTEN expression. The 10‐year overall survival rate was significantly better in patients with positive nuclear PTEN expression (n = 48 patients) compared with the rate in patients with negative nuclear PTEN expression (n = 49 patients; P < 0.01). The results of a multivariate analysis of factors that were prognostic for survival showed that AJCC stage (P < 0.05; relative risk, 2.038) and negative nuclear PTEN expression (P < 0.05; relative risk, 1.825) were significant factors indicative of poor survival.CONCLUSIONSNuclear PTEN expression may be a favorable biologic marker and a useful prognostic indicator in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer 2002;94:1955–60. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10410
Native or Exotic? Double or Single? Evaluating Plants for Pollinator-friendly Gardens
Authors: Corbet Sarah A. , Bee Jennie , Dasmahapatra Kanchon , Gale Stephan , Gorringe Elizabeth , La Ferla Beverly , Moorhouse Tom , Trevail Andrea , Van Bergen Yfke , Vorontsova Maria 
Published: September 2002

Abstract
In a series of dawn-to-dusk studies, we examined the nature and accessibility of nectar rewards for pollinating insects by monitoring insect visits and the secretion rate and standing crop of nectar in the British native plant species Salvia pratensis , Stachys palustris , S. officinalis , Lythrum salicaria , Linaria vulgaris , the non-native Calendula officinalis , Petunia  ×  hybrida , Salvia splendens , and the possibly introduced Saponaria officinalis . We also compared single with double variants of Lotus corniculatus , Saponaria officinalis , Petunia  ×  hybrida and Calendula officinalis . All the British species studied are nectar-rich and are recommended for pollinator-friendly gardens. They showed maximal secretion rates of about 10–90 μg sugar per flower h −1 , and most had mean standing crops of about 5–60 μg sugar per flower. In all British species studied, the corolla was deep enough for the relatively long-tongued bumblebee Bombus pascuorum , but the shallower flowers of Lythrum salicaria were also much visited by shorter-tongued bees and hoverflies, as well as by butterflies. The exotic Salvia splendens , presumably coevolved with hummingbirds in the Neotropics, has such deep flowers that British bees cannot reach the nectar except by crawling down the corolla. With a secretion rate approaching 300 μg sugar per flower h −1 and little depletion by insects, S. splendens accumulated high standing crops of nectar. S. splendens , and single and double flowers of the two probably moth-pollinated species Petunia  ×  hybrida and Saponaria officinalis , received few daytime visits despite abundant nectar but Calendula was well visited by hoverflies and bees. We compared single and double variants of Lotus corniculatus , Petunia  ×  hybrida and Calendula officinalis , and also Saponaria officinalis , the last being probably introduced in Britain (Stace, 1997 New flora of the British Isles. 2nd edn. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press). In Petunia , Saponaria and Lotus , double flowers secreted little or no nectar. In Calendula , where doubling involved a change in the proportion of disc and ray florets rather than modification of individual flower structure, double and single capitula had similar standing crops of nectar. Except in Calendula , exotic or double flowers were little exploited by insect visitors. In the exotics, this was probably due to the absence or scarcity of coevolved pollinators, coupled, in double flowers, with the absence of nectar. Copyright 2001 Annals of Botany Company
Interannual variability of the extratropical northern hemisphere and the potential vorticity wave guide
Authors: Massacand Alexia C. , Davies Huw C. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractInterrannual flow variations in the extratropics are reappraised from a potential vorticity (PV) perspective. A statistical study of the patterns of PV variability on a tropopause‐transecting isentropic surface provides a compact description of, and dynamical insight into, the Pacific‐North American teleconnection and the North Atlantic Oscillation. Copyright © 2003 Royal Meteorological Society.
Localisation of EGF‐Receptor mRNA in the nucleus of A431 cells by light microscopy.
Authors: Sibon Ody C. M. , Cremers Fons F. M. , Boonstra Johannes , Humbel Bruno M. , Verkleij Arie J. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractWe have localized the mRNA of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF‐receptor) in nuclei of A431 cells by non‐radioactive in situ hybridization at the light microscopical level using digoxigenin‐labelled DNA probes. Both formaldehyde and glutaraldehyde fixations were tested before the hybridization was performed. Glutaraldehyde, compared with formaldehyde fixation, gives a less diffuse hybridization signal, which is easier to localize. Therefore, glutaraldehyde was used as a fixative in the hybridization experiments. It is demonstrated that the mRNA of the EGF‐receptor is present in restricted domains mainly located around the nucleolus. This location of the EGF‐receptor mRNA was unaltered after extraction of chromatin. Therefore it is concluded that the messenger RNA of the EGF‐receptor is attached to the nuclear matrix. A possible biological role for the location of mRNA of the EGF‐receptor around the nucleolus is discussed.
Cell death in the salivary glands of metamorphosing calliphora vomitoria
Authors: Bowen I. D. , Morgan S. M. , Mullarkey K. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe salivary gland cells of Calliphora vomitoria larvae initiate and complete their own destruction in a programmed manner at the onset of metamorphosis.On entering the post‐feeding period the larvae come to rest and the polytene salivary gland cells show a significant increase in DNA synthesis followed closely by a surge of mRNA synthesis accompanied by increasing protein production. During this prelude to cell death the new mRNA gives rise to at least 10 new proteins. The first new proteins having a MWt between 30 and 100kD appear by day 8 of the life‐cycle and a number persist until the advent of cell death on day 9. Other new proteins appear in a cascade of production during day 8 and in vitro translation of mRNA produced at this time shows a new 55kD protein appearing before cell destruction.Significantly no evidence of DNA degeneration or laddering associated with classical apoptosis was observed, on the contrary considerable DNA synthesis in the form of chromosomal endoduplication or "genomic amplification" was seen; selective gene expression being apparently controlled at translational level. Overall the results strongly suggest a synthetically mediated programmed cell death in the metamorphosing salivary glands of the blow‐fly which is distinct from apoptosis.
A methacrylate embedding procedure developed for immunolocalization on plant tissues is also compatible with in situ hybridization.
Authors: Kronenberger J. , Desprez T. , Höfte H. , Caboche M. , Traas J. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractA recently described method that uses methacrylate embedding of aldehyde fixed plant tissues allows the immunolabelling of a range of antigens (Baskin et al. 1992). We have tested whether the same embedding procedure is also compatible with in situ hybridization. For this purpose we have used 2‐ 5 μm sections of methacrylate embedded plantlets of Arabidopsis thaliana. After removal of the resin the sections were prepared for in situ hybridization following standard procedures. Three different digoxygenin (dig)‐labelled probes were used, recognizing RNAs coding for the chlorophyll a/b binding protein cab‐140, the β‐tubulin tub5 and meri a member of the meri‐5 family. Each of the probes shows the labelling pattern expected from the literature. Moreover, the method allows a good structural preservation of very fragile tissues, in contrast to paraffin embedding. We conclude that methacrylate embedding, allowing both immunolabelling and in situ hybridization with high resolution and structural preservation, offers a high potential for the functional analysis of genes and proteins in plant development. This is especially true for Arabidopsis thaliana, a widely used model species where it seems to be the method of choice.
Initiation of DNA synthesis in a high molecular weight fraction of Xenopus egg extract.
Authors: Okuhara Koji , Shioda Masaki , Shiokawa Koichiro , Murakami‐Murofushi Kimiko , Seyama Yousuke , Murofushi Hiromu 
Published: September 2002

AbstractXenopus egg extract was fractionated by gel‐filtration column chromatography and DNA synthetic activity was examined using double‐stranded DNA as a template. The major activity eluted had an apparent molecular mass of about 300 kDa. Product analyses showed that de novo DNA synthesis occurs with formation of replication bubbles, thereby suggesting that this fraction catalyzes the initiation of DNA replication. Activities of DNA polymerase α‐primase and DNA helicase overlapped with the DNA synthetic activity, but the elution profiles of the enzymes differed from that of the DNA synthetic activity. Therefore, this 300‐kDa fraction may contain a component which differs from the above enzymes yet is essential for initiation of DNA replication.
Breaking the adhesions of a cell with its substratum
Authors: Simpson Kaetrin , McGrath Michael , Curtis Adam 
Published: September 2002

AbstractInvestigation of the relative slowness with which trypsin detaches epithelial cells from their adhesions with a substratum suggests that the adherent surface of the cells is normally rather inaccessible to the enzyme. Trypsinisation of cells through a porous filter allowing access of the enzyme to the underside of the cells greatly accelerated detachment: a result consistent with this explanation.
Movement of cell‐associated matrix during contact competition of cells in mixed cultures.
Authors: Domnina L. V. , Fetisova E. K. , Vasiliev J. M. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractCo‐cultured contacting heterotypic cell groups compete with one another for the attachment to the substratum. In the course of this competition one cell group can progressively push another from the substratum. Alterations to the distribution of cell‐associated matrix structures in the course of contact competition were examined by immunomorphological methods in the paired cultures of two epithelial lines and those of fibroblasts and epithelia. It was found that matrix structures formed by the retreating cells withdrew from the substratum simultaneously with the cells. These results show that two forms of matrix structures should be distinguished: the usually immovable matrix upon which the cells crawl and the movable matrix that the cells carry with them when they move.
Differentiation and programmed cell death in SA‐45 tumour treated with bone inducer.
Authors: Arshavskaya T. , Erenpreisa J. , Roach H. 
Published: September 2002

ABSTRACTThe relationship between differentiation and concerted cell death was studied using ultrastructural, histochemical and immunochemical methods in solid rat fibrosarcoma Sa‐45 grown in the presence of demineralized bone matrix. The control tumour consisted mostly of undifferentiated cells with few poorly or moderately differentiated cells. In the presence of the inducer, cells with a more differentiated pattern appeared in the surrounding area. The proliferative activity in the presence of the inducer was 3 to 5 times lower but the apoptotic index was higher than in the controls. However, complete differentiation was induced only in stromal cells, whereas the parenchymal cells showed signs of enhanced but incomplete differentiation. The ultrastructural signs of programmed cell death progressed in them faster than the corresponding features of maturation, thus leaving differentiation incomplete.
Trafficking of immunoglobulin receptors in epithelial cells:signals and cellular factors
Authors: Hunziker Walter , Fumey C. , Höning S. , Kamel L. C. 
Published: September 2002

ABSTRACTA typical feature of epithelial cells is the polarized distribution of their respective plasma membrane proteins. Apical and basolateral proteins can be sorted both in the trans‐Golgi network and endosomes, or in both locations. Inclusion into basolateral carriers in the TGN requires the presence of distinct cytoplasmic determinants, which also appear to be recognized in endosomes. Inactivation of the basolateral sorting information leads to the efficient apical delivery, probably due to the unmasking of a recessive apical signal. Factors associated with the cytosolic face of organelles probably not only recognize these signals to mediate the inclusion of the proteins into the correct transport vesicles, but also target the carriers to the corresponding plasma membrane domain. Our interest has focused on analyzing at the molecular level how epithelial MDCK cells generate and maintain a polarized phenotype, taking advantage of immunoglobulin receptors to study the biosynthetic and endocytic pathways and the corresponding sorting events.
REVERSIBLE REARRANGEMENT OF VIMENTIN‐TYPE INTERMEDIATE FILAMENTS IN CULTURED HUMAN SKIN FIBROBLASTS FROM PATIENTS WITH LYSOSOMAL STORAGE DISEASES
Authors: Tatiana Ivleva , German Wiederschain 
Published: September 2002

ABSTRACTImmunofluorescence microscopy shows that unlike cytoplasmic microtubules (MT), vimentin‐type intermediate filaments (IF) are collected into ring‐shaped structures in affected fibroblasts. The altered IF organization could be observed in monolayers of polarized fibroblasts in the prolonged stationary growth phase and after replating ‐ upon their initial spreading. Transition from a discoid to an extended cellular form is accompanied by centrifugal dislocation of ring‐shaped IF structures towards the cell's active edge with gradual restoration of the radial fibrillar vimentin network. Spreading of affected cells occurred more slowly than that of control fibroblasts.
Presence of gelatinase A and etalloelastase type protease at the plasma membrane of human skin fibroblasts. Influence of cytokines and growth factors on cell‐associated metalloendopeptidase levels
Authors: Beranger Jean‐Yves , Godeau Gaston , Frances Camille , Robert Ladislas , Hornebeck William 
Published: September 2002

ABSTRACTGelatinase A and elastase type proteinase (Homsy, et al., 1988) present at plasma membranes of human skin fibroblasts (HSF) were separated by anion exchange chromatography on a DEAE Tris acryl M column. Elastase type proteinase (HSFE1) was able to convert 72 kDa progelatinase A to a lower 66 kDa M.W. active enzyme. Several cytokines (IL‐1β, 1L4, IL6), interferon γ (IFN γ) and tumor growth factor β (TGFβ) were studied for their ability to modify the levels of those plasma membrane associated proteinases. Among these mediators, only IL‐1β was found to enhance the amounts of HSF membrane‐bound HSFE1 and Gelatinase A.
Increase in cytoskeletal actin induced by inositol 1,4‐bisphosphate in saponin‐permeated pig platelets
Authors: Huang Cai , Liang Nian‐ci 
Published: September 2002

ABSTRACTInositol 1,4‐bisphosphate (IP2), which rapidly accumulates during cell activation, strongly stimulates an increase in cytoskeletal actin in saponin‐permeated platelets, and the effect is insensitive to 5′‐Chloro‐5′‐deoxyadenosine. Within 10 s, the amount of cytoskeletal actin in platelets rapidly increases by 41%, and then slowly increases further. IP2 induces the increase in cytoskeletal actin in a dose‐dependent manner. The half‐maximal effect requires approximately 2 μM of IP2 Inositol 1,4,5‐ triphosphate, the messenger for Ca2+ release, causes the increase in cytoskeletal actin, but is less effective than IP2. Inositol 1‐monophosphate and inositol 2‐monophosphate have no effect on cytoskeletal actin. Phorbol 12‐myristate 13‐acetate, which has been shown to activate IP3 5′‐phosphatase through protein kinase C, stimulates the increase in cytoskeletal actin. Spermine, an inhibitor of IP3 5′‐phosphatase, inhibits the thrombin stimulated increase in cytoskeletal actin. These results suggest that IP2 may be a messenger that controls the organization of actin filaments during cell activation. This study presents the first evidence for IP2 as a messenger during cell activation.
Effect of extracellular K+ on hatching and outgrowth of mouse blastocysts in vitro.
Authors: Jin Zhengzhu , Jin Meishan , Roomans Godfried M. 
Published: September 2002

ABSTRACTThe dependence of blastocyst development on the extracellular Na+/K+ ratio was investigated in an in vitro system. Hatching and outgrowth of mouse blastocysts was enhanced at Na+/K+ ratios between 3 and 10 compared to the ratio of about 25 typical for most culture media and serum. At a Na+/K+ ratio of 2, blastocyst hatching and outgrowth were inhibited. The requirement of blastocyst development for relatively high extracellular K+ concentrations agrees with the fact that K+ concentrations in oviduct and uterine secretions are higher than in serum. The findings can also be relevant in optimizing in vitro culturing techniques for blastocysts.
Changes in the nature of P‐glycoprotein gene transcripts during the development of multidrug resistance in CHO cells.
Authors: Vickers S. E. , Warr J. R. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractWe have studied the nature of P‐glycoprotein gene transcripts in multidrug resistant Chinese hamster ovary cell lines selected in vincristine. Using a novel, 35S based, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assay, we have shown that there is a considerable increase in the level of pgp2 gene transcripts, with levels rising to a hundred fold those observed in sensitive control cells. The level of pgp1 gene transcripts was raised five fold. The levels of pgp3 gene transcripts were close to the limits of detection by the assay, but were increased in the more highly resistant cell lines. An increase in the size of the P‐glycoprotein gene transcript was also observed in some of the resistant cell lines.
Secretion of TNF‐α from macrophages following induction with a lignin derivative.
Authors: Sorimachi Kenji , Akimoto Kazumi , Tsuru Keiko , Nagashima Shigeki , Ieiri Tamio , Niwa Akira 
Published: September 2002

AbstractMacrophages derived from rat bone marrow were treated with macrophage colony stimulating factor (M‐CSF) to obtain a sufficient number of cells for the tumor necrosis factor (TNF‐α) assay. The present study has been designed to investigate whether the production of TNF‐α, which induces multinucleated giant cell formation, is regulated by polyanions such as lignin derivatives. ELISA for TNF‐α showed that the polyanion induced TNF‐α production by macrophages. The secretion of TNF‐α from the cells reached a maximum at 3‐6 h, and then showed a slight decline. Northern blotting of TNF‐α mRNA showed that the amount of TNF‐α reached a maximum within 1 h of macrophage culture in the presence of a lignin derivative. On the other hand, TNF‐α mRNA was undetectable in the control cells. It was concluded that stimuli such as that provided by lignin derivatives increases the amount of TNF‐α mRNA, which is then followed by translation of TNF‐α.
Hyperthermic stress modulates the functions of rat liver glucocorticoid receptor
Authors: Matić Gordana , Kipić Jasmina , Ristić Biljana , Dundjerski Jadranka , Trajković Divna 
Published: September 2002

ABSTRACTA mild whole body hyperthermic stress causes a rapid and reversible reduction of rat liver glucocorticoid receptor (GR) binding capacity and affects the stability of the GR‐DNA complexes formed after thermal transformation of the receptor. These changes appear to be physiologically relevant, since they are accompanied by a decrease in dexamethasone induction of hepatic tyrosine aminotransferase (TAT). In spite of the decreased rate of the GR degradation in liver cytosol of hyperthermic as compared to control rats, the total amount of the GR and its proteolytic products recognized by BuGR2 monoclonal antibody was found to be lower in the former cytosol, but higher in the respective nuclei.
HETEROGENEITY IN RADIOSENSITIVITY OF HUMAN DIPLOID FIBROBLASTS FROM KELOIDS AND NORMAL SKINS
Authors: MA SHIUH , FANG RONG‐HWANG , CHANG WUSHOU P. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractColony‐forming ability was employed in evaluating the susceptibility toin vitrogamma ionizing radiation in human diploid skin fibroblasts (HDF). Twelve pairs of HDF, each composed of fibroblasts from excised keloid lesion and local normal skin tissue as its control, were studied in patients with clinically persistent keloids. Parameters of radiosensitivity, both D0and D10, and growth kinetics were examined. The radiosensitivity in three of the 12 keloids (25%) were demonstrated significantly increased than their counterpart controls, even though no difference in growth kinetics in between. Moreover, a broad range in the radiosensitivity of fibroblast cells was demonstrated and it is suggested that there is a great heterogeneity of cellular response to radiation in HDF.