bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lubricating Ability of a Choline-Amino Acid Ionic Liquid As Neat Lubricant and Additive to a Non-Polar Oil
Authors: Kiboi Davis , Hansen Eli , Ross Jared , Coleman Michael , Mangolini Filippo , Iglesias Patricia 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Although lubricants play an essential role in reducing wear and friction in mechanical systems, environmental issues persist. In the past decades, Ionic Liquids (ILs) have arisen as environmentally friendly alternatives to conventional lubricants and additives. ILs are low-volatile and non-flammable salts that possess low melting points (below 100 °C). Their tunable properties, achieved by selecting the appropriate cation and anion, make them ideal candidates for different applications, including lubricants. In recent times, Protic Ionic Liquids (PILs) have attracted attention in the tribological community as a cost-effective alternative to conventional aprotic counterparts.
In this work, a choline-amino acid ionic liquid, derived only from renewable, biodegradable, and biocompatible products, was synthesized, and investigated as both neat lubricant and additive to non-polar oil. The lubricating properties of [CHO][GLY] were studied both as a neat lubricant and as a 1 wt. % additive to a polyalphaolefin (PAO) oil using a ball-on-flat reciprocating friction tester. AISI 52100 steel disks were tested against AISI 52100 steel balls using either [CHO][GLY] or the mixture of PAO+[CHO][GLY]. For comparison purposes, the commercially available base oil, PAO, was also tested. Preliminary results showed no major differences in friction between the lubricants used. Nevertheless, the addition of 1 wt.% to the PAO demonstrated a remarkable 30% reduction in wear on the steel disk. This encouraging improvement in anti-wear characteristics raises the potential advancement of lubrication technology with the choline-amino acid ionic liquid, coupled with its environmentally friendly nature. Energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, non-contact profilometry, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to study the worn steel surfaces and elucidate the wear mechanisms.
Characterization of Temporal Changes of Interfacial Air Voids During Adhesive Curing and Bonding for Adhesively-Bonded Structures
Authors: Qiao Yao , Ko Seunghyun , Shin Yongsoon , Ramos Jose L. , Olson Justin L. , Simmons Kevin L. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This paper studied the evolution of air voids at the substrate-adhesive interface during the curing and bonding process of an epoxy-based adhesive between two glass substrates due to the sequence of adhesive placement, external pressure, and plasma treatment on substrates for bonding. The experimental results showed that a higher quantity of interfacial voids were generated during adhesive curing when the substrate was attached to the adhesive compared to when the adhesive was applied and distributed on the substrate. Such interfacial voids can be efficiently removed or reduced by applying slight pressure on the bonded structure during adhesive curing, or by leveraging plasma-treated substrates, as less reported in the literature.
This work provided practical suggestions for preparing adhesive joints with minimized interfacial air voids to enhance bonding performance, particularly for dissimilar joints such as metal-CFRTP (carbon-fiber-reinforced thermoplastic polymer), as well as combinations with different types of polymer composites.
Numerical Modeling and Life Prediction of Double Shoulder Connection for Drillstem Elements
Authors: Zhang Haitao , Battentier Amandine , Oliver David 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
A double shoulder connection (DSC) is an enhanced joint design used in the oil and gas drilling industry to improve the mechanical performance of the drillstring and suite for special applications. In this study, we used a finite element modeling-based approach to model and evaluate the performance of the DSC in terms of structural integrity and fatigue life. A strain-life approach is used to predict fatigue life of the connection, and experimental data are used to validate the fatigue life prediction. The method is applied to development of a DSC with parallel threads. The effect of critical design variables such as the pin and box lengths, total make-up torque, and distribution of makeup torque on the primary shoulder and secondary shoulder are investigated. It is found that the unsupported section of the box is prone to overstress failure for the connection subjected to high external pressure. The root of last thread for both the pin and box are critical locations for fatigue. To achieve good sealability at the primary shoulder, a longer box is desired. The length of the pin and box can be optimized to meet the requirements of the connection for both overstress and fatigue.
Advancements in Additively Manufactured Safety Materials: Energy-Efficient 3D Printing Solutions for Critical Infrastructure
Authors: Khan Shoukat Alim , Koc Muammer 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
3D concrete printing technology offers an ideal solution for resilient infrastructure development in critical and emergency situations, but accessing required materials and energy can be challenging. This study focuses on an integrated renewable energy system with hydrogen storage to support a mobile and autonomous 3D printing system. The system is designed to meet off-grid energy needs, including material synthesis. Two local materials were analyzed: Construction and Demolition Waste (CDW)-based geopolymer concrete and directly printable local materials. Due to the energy-intensive process required for producing geopolymers, direct printing with local materials is more favorable. Under steady-state conditions, the 5.36 kW system can print 2.86 m3 of local material or 0.22 m3 of geopolymer concrete in 24 hours. The feasibility, production capacity, and overall performance of the system were analyzed under varying solar irradiance conditions. The environmental impact analysis identified CDW-based geopolymer materials as a hotspot, mainly due to the alkaline solution and energy required for mechanical processing. Using local materials for direct printing significantly reduced energy consumption and eliminated the need for an alkaline solution, reducing environmental impact by over 95%. The study demonstrates the potential energy and environmental benefits of using local materials, suggesting further exploration is warranted.
Optimal Nonsingular Terminal Sliding Mode Control for Knee Replacement Exoskeletons
Authors: Sitler Gabriel , Sardahi Yousef , Salem Asad 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This paper presents an innovative control design for a knee replacement exoskeleton, focusing on a dynamic synthesis of human-exoskeleton interactions. The design incorporates an optimally configured nonsingular terminal sliding mode controller (NTSMC), selected for its robust performance in uncertain and variable conditions. A key attribute of the NTSMC is its ability to achieve desired motion states swiftly and accurately, while maintaining nonsingularity, thereby boosting both safety and reliability. Central to our methodology is the application of the Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm (NSGA-II) in a multi-objective optimization framework. This approach effectively meets the intricate control objectives of the exoskeleton. The NSGA-II algorithm optimizes NTSMC’s setup parameters, balancing the minimization of settling time and integral absolute error. This balance is essential for ensuring the knee exoskeleton’s rapid, precise responses to dynamic movements, and for augmenting the smoothness of the NTSMC’s control signal, which in turn, improves user comfort and minimizes physical strain. Our findings confirm the control system’s adaptability to various patient parameters and its robustness against external factors like human torque. Additionally, the system proficiently monitors and follows squat movements and standard gait patterns.
Coastal Levee Optimization Using FLIP Flood Model
Authors: Zhang Ning , Fontenot Logan , Zhang Kaylee 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The research demonstrates a high fidelity CFD simulation of storm surge flood using particle method. A hybrid particle method combining smooth particle hydrodynamics (SPH) model with VOF were used in the research. A validation and verification procedure were conducted to prove the accuracy of the model. The validation case is an open channel flow with different types of break water. Experiments were conducted to identify the flow pattern. Simulation results were compared with the measured data and the agreement is good. Therefore, the model is validated. The model was then applied to simulate different storm surge scenario to study the impact of the flood to the buildings. The locations selected for simulations are a portion of university campus where a bayou is pass through, and a relatively larger area around Moss Lake in southwest Louisiana coastal area. Realistic topographic data from Google Earth and scanned using LiDar technology are used in the study to realize the simulation domain. Different levels of storm surge floods were simulated to study the exterior impacts on the nearby buildings. The interior views of the flooded building are also presented to investigate the impacts of the flood on the interior of the building. Based on the flood results, several flood solutions were implemented in the study to reveal whether the solutions are effective.
Improving Hydrodynamic Performance of an Asymmetric Towfish Using CFD
Authors: Bhosale Yugandhara , Sharma Atul , Gupta Abhishek , Vachhani Leena 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
A towfish is a passive underwater vehicle that is towed behind a surface vessel. The towfish is often designed to be symmetric from all directions primarily to achieve balanced hydrodynamic behaviour and foreseeable manoeuvrability under water. External attachments or extruded slots can induce asymmetry, which will have an effect on the hydrodynamic behaviour. An asymmetric towfish will experience an uneven distribution of hydrodynamic forces and moments. This will lead to unstable orientation and unpredictable hydrodynamic behaviour. So, the effect of asymmetry on hydrodynamic coefficients like drag coefficients, lift coefficients, pitching moment coefficients and overall stability are investigated in this paper and improved with design modification in towfish. We evaluated these hydrodynamic coefficients of the asymmetric towfish and proposed a redesign strategy. In this work, the significant parts of towfish, like the nose and hull are redesigned to improve hydrodynamic performance. A three-dimensional (3D) simulation is carried out using in Ansys Fluent as a CFD software. To simulate the turbulence, the k-ω shear stress transport (SST) model is employed due to its good prediction capability at a reasonable computational cost. Drag reduction and lift increment are observed with modification and redesigning of the nose and hull to counter the increase in drag due to the asymmetricity of towfish. These results will help to enhance our understanding of the hydrodynamics behavior of the asymmetric nature of towfish.
Role Perception and Diversity Dynamics: A Study of Student Teams in Project Environments
Authors: Leão Celina P. , Silva Vinícius , Machado José , Alves Anabela C. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This paper explores the significance of defining and perceiving each student’s role within a team, particularly focusing on the utilization of the Belbin test for members’ role definition. In a first-year Industrial Engineering and Management program (bachelor degree), students engage in project-based learning (PBL) in the first semester of the first year, working collaboratively in teams of seven to nine members to develop innovative projects during the semester.
In this project environment, understanding and defining individual roles play a pivotal role in determining team performance and project outcomes. Thus, one of the initial tasks for teams was completing the Belbin Self-Perception Inventory (SPI) questionnaire to understand their respective roles within the team dynamic, fostering self-awareness and interpersonal skills necessary for effective teamwork.
To assess the extent to which students are aware of evolving dynamics and perceive changes in role perception during their academic journey, the same cohort, now in the last year of their master’s degree (five years later), repeated the same SPI questionnaire. Comparing their Belbin test results from the outset of their academic journey to their current stage can provide insights into role evolution and adaptation over time. Additionally, the study examines the correlation between role perception, team dynamics, and project outcomes to identify patterns contributing to effective teamwork and project management.
This study considered data gathered via a questionnaire administered to final year students after participating in a curricular unit (CU) with team-based challenges. Overall, 37% of students found Belbin’s theory beneficial for team performance, while 43% reported personal benefits. However, opinions on role perception based on the Belbin test varied, with some emphasizing individual roles and others emphasizing impartial task allocation.
Additive Manufacturing With Continuous Carbon Fiber Composite Reinforcement for Gyroid Triply Periodic Minimal Surface (TPMS): Compression Mechanical Properties
Authors: Susantyoko Rahmat Agung , Skibar Mikhail , Joy Arun , Pervaiz Salman 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Composite 3D printing is promising for applications that require lightweight and relatively strong mechanical properties. This work reports the utilization of additively manufactured continuous carbon fiber composite to enhance the compressive strength of Gyroid Triply Periodic Minimal Surface (TPMS) structure. Finite Element Analysis (FEA) and experimental additive manufacturing of Gyroid TPMS were performed. FEA shows stress magnitude and distribution along Gyroid model, in consistency with literature. Experiments of compression test of additively manufactured “Onyx material” and “Onyx + continuous carbon fiber materials” were performed. Onyx material is a micro carbon fiber filled nylon. There was no significant change in the densification strain. Continuous carbon fiber reinforcement significantly increased the compression modulus (343%) and yield strength (250%) when tested with the direction of uniaxial compression parallel to the printing layers’ plane (Configuration B); and significantly increased the plateau stress (138%) and energy absorption (129%) when tested with the direction of uniaxial compression perpendicular to the printing layers’ plane (Configuration A). Anisotropy affected the compression mechanical properties depending on compression direction and layers’ plane orientation. Layer delamination is a critical aspect for Configuration B. The configuration B is more suitable for applications which require more stiffness, while configuration A is more suitable for application that require higher value of toughness or energy absorption.
Design Space Optimization for Sensor-Integration in Standardized Machine Elements
Authors: Peters Julian , Menning Johannes D. M. , Ewert Arthur , Prokopchuk Artem , Breimann Richard , Herbst Felix , Riehl David , Döllken Markus , Vorrath E.-F. Markus , Wallmersperger Thomas , Schlecht Berthold , Kirchner Eckhard , Kupnik Mario , Hofmann Klaus , Matthiesen Sven 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In industrial digitization, data-driven analysis like condition monitoring and predictive maintenance relies on extensive measurement data. However, there’s often a lack of data on machine or system states. Sensor-integrating machine elements (SiME) can address this gap due to their widespread use, standardization, and in-situ measurement capability. Yet, integrating sensors typically compromises mechanical function. To ensure broad usability and retrofitting, maintaining mechanical functions to a defined degree is crucial. General procedures for systematically finding optimal design space solutions are lacking. In prior work, a procedure was developed for multi-axial force sensor integration into M20 bolts. This contribution demonstrates the procedure’s applicability to (1) M12 bolts for uni-axial force measurements using strain gauges, and (2) jaw couplings for torque measurement using capacitive sensors. Results indicate the procedure’s efficacy in both cases, yielding viable design space parameters. However, constructing an optimization function for jaw couplings in the final step was not feasible, as both mechanical and sensory function fulfillment indices pointed in the same direction.
Experimental and Numerical Investigation on the Hydrodynamic Characteristics of V-Fin Depressor
Authors: P. N. Jithin , Sherif Parammel Shifan , Jomike Michael Moses , Jacob Antony Joyal , K. Marvan , Naveen P. , P. A. Sidheek , Safwan K. N. , Shahed Shahed 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Having applications in marine and naval industries ranging from, trawling, monitoring of aquatic life systems such as fish stocks, planktons, coral reefs to seabed terrain mapping, hostile vessel and mine detection, oil and gas exploration, a hydrodynamic depressor provides the downward lift necessary to tow underwater bodies at certain depths, providing stability from the vibrations induced by the ship for accuracy of measurements as well as reducing drag for the efficiency of the towing system. In this study, the 3D model of the V-fin depressor was developed from the profile of NACA0012 using 3D Experience® platform. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analysis on the V-fin depressor was performed using ANSYS® Fluent to determine various hydrodynamic parameters such as lift and drag force. To validate the simulation results, a real-time experimentation was conducted using a towing tank facility where the V-fin depressor was subjected to towing at a depth of 1 m and speed of 2 m/s. Through meticulous experimentation and analysis, drag and lift values of the V-fin depressor were determined, and the obtained results were found to be comparable with the simulation results.
Numerical Analysis of the Alteration in Natural Convection Flow and Heat Transfer in Porous Media Using Magnetic Field
Authors: Singh Ranjit J. , Vijayavenkataraman Sanjairaj , Kumar Sunil 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In this study, the optimum magnetic field intensity to overcome the flow and heat transfer suppression offered by a saturated porous zone in the square cavity of side length L is examined. The porous zone is kept at the central vertical area in the square cavity with a thick zone of L/4, and the magnetic field is also maintained in the central vertical zone with an L/2 thick zone oriented in the direction transverse to gravity and temperature gradient. The flow solver including the Darcy-Forchheimer term in the Navier-Stokes equation merged with Maxwell’s electrodynamics equation and the energy equation is framed in OpenFOAM 10. The Darcy value for the porous zone is fixed at 10−3, and the magnetic field is varied as Hartmann number Ha = 0, 10, 15, 20. The buoyancy-induced flow is regulated by the Rayleigh number Ra = 105 and Prandtl number Pr = 0.02. The numerically obtained results clarify that the porous zone decreases the convection heat transfer and inhibits the flow. However, the magnetic field brings back the convection flow through the porous zone, where isotherms are again shifted like a convection flow pattern. Consequently, the magnetic field imposed orthogonal to gravity and temperature gradient improves the heat transfer by 30% compared to porous media flow.
Design a Maintenance Plan Centered on Exergoeconomic Variables of a Refinery’s Combined Cycle Cogeneration System
Authors: Fajardo Juan , Barreto Deibys , Guette Dawing , Yabrudy Daniel , Urruchurtu Michelle 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This study examines a combined cycle plant powered by a Siemens STG-800 gas turbine, producing 47.5 MW of electricity and 81,908 kg/h of steam via a MACCHI Heat Recovery Steam Generator (HRSG). The plant is part of a refinery’s steam and electricity generation section in Cartagena de Indias.
Owing to the differences between Cartagena’s conditions and ISO standards, evaluating component performance under actual operating conditions is crucial. Methodologically, the methodology involved defining thermodynamic principles “visual inspection of the compressor with a borescope”, conducting energy balance assessments, and establishing performance parameters to compare the model fit with the manufacturer’s values. Exergy balances were developed to determine the exergy destruction rates and overall exergy efficiency, explore component interactions, and identify improvement areas. Exergoeconomic analysis quantified monetary losses and recovery capacity. To develop the maintenance program, the performance degradation due to compressor and gas turbine fouling and erosion was evaluated over time. The proposed maintenance indicators and criticality matrix allowed the prioritization of timely maintenance to restore lost efficiency and optimize cost-benefit ratios.
The average model adjustment error was 2%. Exergetic analyses pinpointed day 206 as the peak exergy destruction, with the gas turbine compressor exhibiting the most significant interaction with irreversibilities. Exergoeconomic analyses showed that the equipment relying on chemical reactions incurred the highest exergy destruction costs. Maintenance recommendations suggest advancing Maintenance Types A and B while extending Maintenance Type IV beyond the manufacturer’s specifications.