bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
AntHocNet: an adaptive nature‐inspired algorithm for routing in mobile ad hoc networks
Authors: Di Caro Gianni , Ducatelle Frederick , Gambardella Luca Maria 
Published: September 2005

AbstractIn this paper, we describe AntHocNet, an algorithm for routing in mobile ad hoc networks. It is a hybrid algorithm, which combines reactive path setup with proactive path probing, maintenance and improvement. The algorithm is based on the nature‐inspired ant colony optimisation framework. Paths are learned by guided Monte Carlo sampling using ant‐like agents communicating in a stigmergic way. In an extensive set of simulation experiments, we compare AntHocNet with AODV, a reference algorithm in the field. We show that our algorithm can outperform AODV on different evaluation criteria. AntHocNet's performance advantage is visible over a broad range of possible network scenarios, and increases for larger, sparser and more mobile networks. Copyright © 2005 AEIT.
QOLSR, QoS routing for ad hoc wireless networks using OLSR
Authors: Badis Hakim , Al Agha Khaldoun 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThis paper describes a novel quality‐of‐service (QoS) routing protocol for ad hoc networks based on the OLSR protocol. Our protocol, QOLSR, is designed for wireless networks with stationary or moving nodes, where each node is equipped with 802.11 wireless card. The goal of our protocol is not only to find a route from a source to a destination, but an optimal route that satisfies the end‐to‐end QoS requirement, often given in terms of bandwidth or delay. We present an analytical model to compute the average delay and permissible throughput on links using the IEEE 802.11 medium access protocol and considering correlations and interferences between nodes. This model takes into account packet's collision probability, node's MAC queuing and service times based on the IEEE 802.11 binary exponential backoff algorithm and the events underneath its operation. Afterwards, our protocol assigns weights to individual links based on the average delay and bandwidth metrics of packets over the link. We present a distributed algorithm for multiple QoS requirements to find the source destination optimal paths in terms of bandwidth and delay using the known partial network topology available on each node. However, these optimal paths in partial network topology are not optimal paths in the whole ad hoc network. We show that this problem is due to the heuristic for the selection of MPRs used in OLSR. We propose innovative heuristics for the selection of MPRs based on QoS measurements that allow QOLSR to find optimal paths on the known partial topology having the same bandwidth performances that those on the whole network. The performance evaluation of our protocol in both static and dynamic ad hoc networks is extensively investigated. Mathematical analysis and simulation results show that the QOLSR protocol yields better performance compared to the best‐effort OLSR protocol and significantly improves throughput by using our proposed heuristic. Copyright © 2005 AEIT.
Elucidation of ATP‐stimulated stress protein expression of RBA‐2 type‐2 astrocytes: ATP potentiate HSP60 and Cu/Zn SOD expression and stimulates pI shift of peroxiredoxin II
Authors: Chen Hammer B. , Chan Ya‐Ting , Hung Amos C. , Tsai You‐Cheng , Sun Synthia H. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractATP has been shown to mediate stress responses in the brain. The present study examined the ATP‐stimulated stress protein expression of RBA‐2 type‐2 astrocytes. Our results revealed that ATP stimulated HSP60 expression in a dose‐ and time‐dependent manner. The stimulation requires a minimal ATP concentration of 500 µM and high concentration of extracellular ATP (1 mM) stimulated a significant increase of HSP60 expression from 2 to 24 h. In addition, the ATP‐stimulated HSP60 expressions were inhibited by inhibitors for protein kinase C (PKC) and phospholipase D (PLD), and by antioxidants, resveratrol, and catalase. Furthermore, ATP stimulated the expression of Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD). In addition, ATP and P2X7 receptor selective agonist BzATP also decreased mitochondria membrane potential measured by flow cytometry. To further examine the proteins involving in ATP‐mediated stress responses, we conducted proteomic analysis. We found that RBA‐2 astrocytes possess abundant peroxiredoxin II (Prx II), an antioxidant enzyme. ATP and exogenous H2O2 stimulated Prx II shifting from oxidized form to reduced form. Thus, we concluded that ATP potentiated the expression of HSP60 and Cu/Zn SOD, and decreased mitochondria membrane potential. In addition, RBA‐2 astrocytes expressed Prx II that might also serve as a protective mechanism to control the concentration of reactive oxygen species. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Structure investigation of Maltacine C1a, C1b, C2a and C2b—cyclic peptide lactones of the Maltacine complex from Bacillus subtilis
Authors: Hagelin Gunnar 
Published: September 2005

AbstractA new complex of cyclic peptide lactone antibiotics from Bacillus subtilis, which we named Maltacines, has recently been described. The structure elucidation of four of them is reported in this paper. The amino acid sequences and structures of the peptides were found by MSn of the ring‐opened linear peptides, which gave uninterrupted sequences of Bn and Y″n ions. The identities of three unknown residues in the sequences were solved by a combination of derivatisation with phenylisothiocyanate (PITC), high‐resolution mass spectrometry and H/D exchange. The nature and position of the cyclic structure was disclosed by a chemo‐selective ring opening with Na18OH and was found to be a lactone formed between a hydroxyl of residue number 4 and the C‐terminal amino acid number 12. For verification of the structure of the B2+ ion, peptides with different combinations of P/Q and P/K at the N‐terminus were synthesised. The structure of the four peptides were found to be: C1a and C2a: cyclo‐4,12(P‐Q‐Y‐Adip‐V‐E‐T‐Y‐Orn‐103‐Y‐I‐OH) and C1b/C2b: cyclo‐4,12(P‐Q‐Y‐Adip‐V‐E‐T‐Y‐K‐103‐Y‐I‐OH). Adip = aminodihydroxy pentanoic acid. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evidence of covalent interaction of fumaric acid esters with sulfhydryl groups in peptides
Authors: Fryčák Petr , Zdráhal Zbyněk , Ulrichová Jitka , Wiegrebe Wolfgang , Lemr Karel 
Published: September 2005

AbstractFumaric acid esters, namely dimethylfumarate, have been used for the treatment of psoriasis for many years. Still, their mode of action is not fully clear. Because addition of nucleophiles to the double bonds of fumarates can occur (Michael analogous addition), a study of the interaction of fumarates with cysteine and cysteine‐containing peptides possessing nucleophilic sulfhydryl group was carried out. Experiments were performed in aqueous medium at pH 7.4 and at 37 °C to simulate physiological conditions. It was proven by mass spectrometric measurements using an ion‐trap and time‐of‐flight instrument that a covalent bond can form between fumarates and the sulfhydryl group of cysteine or cysteinyl residues in peptides. Structures of the interaction products were elucidated by multistage mass spectrometry applying collision‐induced dissociation. Higher reactivity of dimethylfumarate in comparison to monomethylfumarate and fumaric acid was observed. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Localization of the urge to void in patients with painful bladder syndrome
Authors: FitzGerald Mary P. , Kenton Kimberly S. , Brubaker Linda 
Published: September 2005

AbstractAimsOur aim was to describe the location of urinary urgency or bladder discomfort in patients with painful bladder syndrome (PBS) and controls.MethodsPatients with symptomatic diagnoses of PBS, overactive bladder (OAB) syndrome, stress urinary incontinence (SUI), and asymptomatic controls were asked to indicate the location of their urinary urge/urgency/discomfort on a body map.ResultsWe present results for 30 PBS patients, 25 OAB patients, 15 SUI patients, and 15 asymptomatic controls. In asymptomatic subjects and those with SUI, the urge to void was localized to the suprapubic region only. More than half (53%) of patients with PBS and a minority (20%) of those with OAB localized their urinary urgency/discomfort to both suprapubic and vulvar/urethral locations. Some patients with PBS also localized their urinary discomfort to other body sites including low back, upper and lateral buttocks, lower abdomen, and upper thighs.ConclusionsIn most patients with PBS and some with OAB, complaints of bladder discomfort or urgency may refer to sensations that are localized at sites other than suprapubic. The etiology of widespread sensation may include an expansion of dermatomes of referral of bladder sensation, and/or the presence of associated somatic abnormalities. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Tandem mass spectrometry with online high‐flow reversed‐phase extraction and normal‐phase chromatography on silica columns with aqueous‐organic mobile phase for quantitation of polar compounds in biological fluids
Authors: Deng Yuzhong , Zhang Hongwei , Wu Jing‐Tao , Olah Timothy V. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractIn this work, high‐flow online reversed‐phase extraction was coupled with normal phase on silica columns with aqueous‐organic mobile phase liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) to quantify drug candidates in biological fluids. The orthogonal separation effect obtained from this configuration considerably reduced matrix effects and increased sensitivity for highly polar compounds as detected by selected reaction monitoring. This approach also significantly improved the robustness and limit of detection of the assays. An evaluation of this system was performed using a mixture of albuterol and bamethan in rat plasma. Assay validation demonstrated acceptable accuracy (< 8% difference) and precision (< 6% CV) for these model compounds. The system has been used for the quantitation of polar ionic compounds in biological fluids in support of drug discovery programs. This assay was used to analyze samples for a BMS proprietary compound (A) in a rat pharmacokinetic study and is shown as an example to demonstrate the precision, accuracy, and sufficient sensitivity of this system. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mass spectrometric study to characterize thioisoindole derivatives of aminoglycoside antibiotics
Authors: Kaale Eliangiringa , Govaerts Cindy , Hoogmartens Jos , Schepdael Ann Van 
Published: September 2005

AbstractAminoglycoside antibiotics are widely used to treat serious Gram‐negative and Gram‐positive bacterial infections. The lack of a UV chromophore presents a problem in the analysis of aminoglycosides. Derivatization with 1,2‐phthalic dicarboxaldehyde (OPA) in the presence of a thiol made it possible to introduce a UV chromophoric thioisoindole moiety. A qualitative mass spectrometry study was carried out to confirm the molecular identity of the products formed. The conditions described earlier to derivatize gentamicin and kanamycin yielded products in which all primary amino groups are fully derivatized. On the other hand, with tobramycin and amikacin, there was also formation of incompletely derivatized products that contained one thioisoindole group less than the fully derivatized product. This study has therefore brought an additional insight into the nature of the OPA‐aminoglycoside derivatives studied. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Phylogenetic analysis of global hepatitis E virus sequences: genetic diversity, subtypes and zoonosis
Authors: Lu Ling , Li Chunhua , Hagedorn Curt H. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractNucleotide sequences from a total of 421 HEV isolates were retrieved from Genbank and analysed. Phylogenetically, HEV was classified into four major genotypes. Genotype 1 was more conserved and classified into five subtypes. The number of genotype 2 sequences was limited but can be classified into two subtypes. Genotypes 3 and 4 were extremely diverse and can be subdivided into ten and seven subtypes. Geographically, genotype 1 was isolated from tropical and several subtropical countries in Asia and Africa, and genotype 2 was from Mexico, Nigeria, and Chad; whereas genotype 3 was identified almost worldwide including Asia, Europe, Oceania, North and South America. In contrast, genotype 4 was found exclusively in Asia. It is speculated that genotype 3 originated in the western hemisphere and was imported to several Asian countries such as Japan, Korea and Taiwan, while genotype 4 has been indigenous and likely restricted to Asia. Genotypes 3 and 4 were not only identified in swine but also in wild animals such as boar and a deer. Furthermore, in most areas where genotypes 3 and 4 were characterised, sequences from both humans and animals were highly conserved, indicating they originated from the same infectious sources. Based upon nucleotide differences from five phylogenies, it is proposed that five, two, ten and seven subtypes for HEV genotypes 1, 2, 3 and 4 be designated alphabetised subtypes. Accordingly, a total of 24 subtypes (1a, 1b, 1c, 1d, 1e, 2a, 2b, 3a, 3b, 3c, 3d, 3e, 3f, 3g, 3h, 3i, 3j, 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d, 4e, 4f and 4g) were given. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Wartenberg’s Sign
Authors: VOCHE P. , MERLE M. 
Published: September 2005

A method of surgical correction is described for Wartenberg’s sign, or persistent abduction of the little finger, using a slip of the extensor digitorum communis of the ring finger. The transferred component can be either the central slip, or the ulnar slip extended by the connexus intertendineus to the little finger. This technique maintains the integrity of the extensor mechanism of the little finger, avoiding loss of active extension, which is frequently observed when extensor digiti minimi is used. The donor site is dependable since the extensor digitorum communis tendon of the ring finger is always composed of several slips. This technique should be considered only in cases of isolated persistent abduction of the little finger, when there is no claw deformity.
Risk and Complications in Endoscopic Carpal Tunnel Release
Authors: SHINYA K. , LANZETTA M. , CONOLLY W. B. 
Published: September 2005

Single portal endoscopic carpal tunnel release was carried out in 107 hands of 88 patients. There were 11 complications. These included incomplete release (2), post operative scarring around the median and ulnar nerves (2), laceration of the superficial palmar arterial arch (1), reflex sympathetic dystrophy (2), palmar fasciitis (1), and wound inflammation (3). In two cases there was no relief of symptoms. In one there was incorrect diagnosis and in another, incorrect indication for endoscopic carpal tunnel release. The follow-up was from 3 to 18 months with an average of 6.8 months. The overall results of the patients in this series are being presented in another paper. Of the 107 procedures, 73 were rated as having an excellent, 25 good, three fair, and six poor results. The case of laceration of the superficial palmar arterial arch is discussed in detail in the paper. The two cases of reflex sympathetic dystrophy and the one case of palmar fasciitis had mild clinical features and resolved within 3 months. The inflammation in three of the wounds at the wrist resolved within 2 days of removal of the percutaneous sutures. These three patients had returned to heavy hand activities within a few days of surgery.
The Treatment of Chronic Flexion Contractures of the Proximal Interphalangeal Joint
Authors: ABBIATI G. , DELARIA G. , SAPORITI E. , PETROLATI M. , TREMOLADA C. 
Published: September 2005

A method of treatment of chronic flexion contractures of the PIP joint is presented, with the results obtained in 19 patients treated between 1989 and 1992 after a follow-up of from 6 to 53 months. The flexion contractures, with an extension deficit which ranged between 70 and 90°, had been present for a period of between 2 months and 24 years. Our treatment program involves the surgical release of the unreducible PIP joint followed by the use of static and/or dynamic splints. Surgery is performed using a midlateral approach; the accessory collateral ligament and the flexor sheath are incised and, after the volar plate and check-rein ligaments have been excised, forced hyperextension is applied. The main collateral ligaments are carefully spared and freed from the condyle if there are any remaining adhesions. In our 19 patients, complete extension of the finger was achieved in 11 cases (57.9%); in the remaining 8 cases (42.1%) the residual extension deficit ranges from 10 to 15°. In our experience this combined surgical and rehabilitative approach had led to consistently good results with minimal complications.
Steroid Injection for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Authors: Irwin L. R. , Beckett R. , Suman R. K. 
Published: September 2005

We studied the medium- to long-term results of steroid injection into the carpal tunnel of women with the carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). Of 45 hands, only 11 had lasting relief of symptoms and 22 had no relief whatsoever. There was no correlation of the typical signs and symptoms of CTS with outcome. Other series have offered various predictive factors for the outcome of injection but we found little or no correlation between these factors and outcome.
Recurring Digital Fibroma of Childhood
Authors: BURGERT S. , JONES D. H. A. 
Published: September 2005

A case of recurring digital fibroma of childhood is presented. The natural history of this condition over several years is documented. The literature is reviewed, with particular reference to the management of the condition. Surgeons should be aware of the clinical features and the principles of management of this condition, as patients may be referred because of associated finger or toe deformities.
Psychosocial Consequences of Upper Limb Injury
Authors: PATERSON M. C. , BURKE F. D. 
Published: September 2005

Upper limb surgeons have little in the way of training in the identification or management of the psychological aspects of limb injury. Surgeons in training tend to see their speciality in technical terms, only slowly appreciating that the psychological state of the patient profoundly affects outcome in many cases. The case report that follows charts the psychological progress of a patient following severe upper limb injury. Surgeons usually view rehabilitation in physical terms. This report emphasizes the psychological aspects of a major limb injury to a policeman (MP) who subsequently studied psychology at PhD level.
Measurement of the Arc of Digital Flexion and Joint Movement Ranges
Authors: ARBUCKLE J. D. , McGROUTHER D. A. 
Published: September 2005

Dynamic digital flexion was examined by video recording healthy subjects making a fist. The are of the fingertip sweep from full extension to full flexion was replayed frame by frame and plotted. A similar technique was employed to measure the MP, PIP and DIP joint angles throughout digital flexion. Graphs were plotted of MP against PIP, and PIP against DIP flexion. These results were related to a theoretical 45° line. The fingertip appears to sweep through an elliptical pathway when flexing, rather than an equiangular curve. Graphs of joint flexion showed that male and female fingers flex in a similar fashion, as do the index and little finger. Graphs of PIP against DIP flexion suggest some limiting mechanism of either the extensor or flexor system. These graphs give useful insights into the complex mechanisms of dynamic digital flexion, and may be of diagnostic and prognostic importance.
Experimentally Induced Ulno-Carpal Instability
Authors: WIESNER L. , RUMELHART C. , PHAM E. , COMTET J. J. 
Published: September 2005

This experimental work studies the role of ligamentous structures in suspending the carpal bones from the radius and ulna. Thirteen human cadaver wrists underwent a distal radio-ulnar arthrodesis in a neutral position and an arthrodesis between the three bones of the first carpal row. Progressive postero-anterior forces in a palmar direction were applied to the fused carpal bones. Displacement was measured by two dial gauges before and after sequential section of the different fibrous structures. The largest absolute average displacement (both, dorso-palmar and induced rotational displacement) was observed after section of the ulnar styloid process. No significant differences were observed after section of the extensor retinaculum, extensor carpi ulnaris sheath, posterior ulno-carpal and posterior radio-carpal ligaments. This work suggests that the carpus is suspended not only from the radius, but also from the distal ulna and particularly at the ulnar styloid and the structures which insert onto it.
Excision of the Trapezium for Osteoarthritis of the Trapeziometacarpal Joint of the Thumb
Authors: HOLLEVOET N. , KINNEN L. , MOERMANS J. P. , LEDOUX P. 
Published: September 2005

We assessed the results of 86 trapeziectomies in 83 patients. Simple excision of the trapezium was performed in 54 thumbs. This was combined with shortening of the abductor pollicis longus tendon in 14 thumbs and with soft-tissue interposition and/or ligamentous reconstruction in 17 thumbs. 88% of the patients were satisfied with the result, 76% had relief of pain and 74% had no functional disability. The subjective results achieved with the three different techniques were similar. Clinical assessment of 57 thumbs revealed no statistical difference in web span, thumb adductionflexion, key pinch and grip strength between the three operative procedures, nor in comparison with the non-operated contralateral hand.
Flexor Tendon Repair in Zone 2 Followed by Early Active Mobilization
Authors: BAKTIR A. , TÜRK C. Y. , KABAK Ş. , ŞAHIN V. , KARDAŞ Y. 
Published: September 2005

The results following primary and delayed primary repair in zone 2 flexor tendon injuries were evaluated prospectively in 88 fingers of 71 patients using two different early postoperative mobilization programmes. In 33 patients, the Kleinert rubber band passive flexion method was used. In the remaining 38 patients, the early active mobilization programme was used. All patients were reviewed 1 year after operation and the results assessed by the Strickland criteria. During this evaluation maximum grip strength was also measured. The results were excellent or good in 78% of digits and mean grip strength was 84% of the uninjured hand in the Kleinert rubber band passive flexion group. In the early active mobilization group, excellent or good results were achieved in 85% of the digits and the mean grip strength was 90% of the uninjured hand. There were two early ruptures in each group.
Restoration of Metacarpophalangeal Extension of the Thumb in Inflammatory Arthritis
Authors: MANUEDDU C. A. , BOGOCH E. R. , HASTINGS D. E. 
Published: September 2005

Nine patients (11 cases) with inflammatory arthritis who had an early boutonnière deformity of the thumb treated by rerouting of the extensor pollicis longus tendon were reviewed. Preoperatively, all patients complained of pain, disability in activities of daily living and extensor lag of the MP joint ranging from 10 to 60°. At a mean follow-up of 38 months, nine thumbs had equal active and passive MP joint extension. Two thumbs had a moderate extensor lag. Functional strength assessment demonstrated no deleterious effect of the procedure in the operated compared to the non-operated thumb. Subjectively, all patients but one were satisfied. This procedure appeared to correct or to limit the progression of the deformity. A deficit of interphalangeal extension in five patients may require a modification of the procedure to tighten the extensor pollicis longus distal to the MP joint.