bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of FDG‐PET in surgical management of patients with colorectal liver metastases
Authors: Teague Benjamin D. , Morrison Charles P. , Court Fiona G. , Chin Venessa T. , Costello Samuel P. , Kirkwood Ian D. , Maddern Guy J. 
Published: August 2004

Background:
[
18F]‐fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG‐PET) is reported to change the management in 20−56% of patients with recurrent or metastatic colorectal cancer. It is not clear if FDG‐PET has a role in all such patients or only a subgroup. The aim of the present study was to assess the influence of FDG‐PET on the surgical management of patients with known or suspected colorectal liver metastases.Methods:  Patients undergoing FDG‐PET for investigation of known or suspected colorectal liver metastases were identified from a South Australian database. Case notes were reviewed retrospectively to determine the influence of FDG‐PET findings on patient management. Findings from FDG‐PET scanning were compared with findings from conventional diagnostic investigations and operative findings.Results:  Overall, in four of 16 patients (25%) management was influenced by FDG‐PET findings. FDG‐PET altered management in four of eight (50%) patients with non‐diagnostic liver lesions on computed tomography (CT) or with elevated carcinoembryonic antigen levels but no liver lesion on CT. In all eight patients with CT diagnosed resectable liver metastases, the addition of FDG‐PET did not influence the management.Conclusions:  The findings support the use of FDG‐PET in the assessment of selected patients with suspected colorectal liver metastases and equivocal findings on conventional diagnostic investigation.
Treatment of partial‐thickness burns: a prospective, randomized trial using TranscyteTM
Authors: Kumar Rohit J. , Kimble Roy M. , Boots Robert , Pegg Stuart P. 
Published: August 2004

Background:  The purpose of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of three burns dressings (TransCyte, a bio‐engineered skin substitute; Biobrane; and Silvazine cream (silver sulphadiazine and 0.2% chlorhexidine)), in treating children with partial‐thickness burns. The primary objective was to determine the days until ≥90% re‐epithelialization. The secondary objectives were to evaluate the number of wounds requiring autografting and the number of dressing changes/local wound care required.Methods:  Study wounds were identified on each patient and the patients were randomized to receive TransCyte or Biobrane or Silvazine. Assessment of study wound closure began at 2 days after treatment and continued at least every other day thereafter until the wounds re‐epithelialized or were autografted. A laser Doppler imaging system was used as an adjunct to assessing the depth of the burn.Results:  Thirty‐three patients with 58 wound sites enrolled in the study (TransCyte, n = 20, Biobrane, n = 17; Silvazine, n = 21). Mean time to re‐epithelialization was 7.5 days for TransCyte, 9.5 days for Biobrane, and 11.2 days for Silvazine. The number of wounds requiring autografting were 5/21 (24%) for Silvazine, 3/17 (17%) for Biobrane, and 1/20 (5%) for TransCyte.Conclusions:  When used in partial‐thickness burns in children, TransCyte promotes fastest re‐epithelialization and required less overall dressings then Biobrane or Silvazine. Patients who received Silvazine or Biobrane require more autografting than those treated with TransCyte.
Haemodynamic assessment following inferior vena cava resection without replacement
Authors: Wysocki A. Peter , Hetherington Rebecca , Nicol David , Gibbs Harry H. 
Published: August 2004

Background:  Treatment of bulky retroperitoneal malignancy may require en bloc resection of the infrarenal inferior vena cava. A number of reconstructive options are available to the surgeon but objective haemodynamic assessment of the peripheral venous system following resection without replacement is lacking. The aim of the present paper was thus to determine the symptomatic and haemodynamic effects of not reconstructing the resected infrarenal inferior vena cava.Methods:  A retrospective descriptive study was carried out at Princess Alexandra Hospital in Queensland. Five patients underwent resection of the thrombosed infrarenal inferior vena cava as part of retroperitoneal lymph node dissection for testicular cancer (n = 3), radical nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma (n = 1) and thrombosed inferior vena cava aneurysm (n = 1). Clinical effects were determined via the modified venous clinical severity score and venous disability score. Haemodynamic data were obtained postoperatively using venous duplex ultrasound and air plethysmography.Results:  None of the present patients scored >2 (out of 30) on the modified venous clinical severity score or >1 (out of 3) on the venous disability score. Haemodynamic studies showed only minor abnormalities.Conclusions:  Not reconstructing the resected thrombosed infrarenal inferior vena cava results in minor signs and symptoms of peripheral venous hypertension and only minor abnormalities on haemodynamic assessment.
Conserving plant genetic diversity for dependent animal communities
Authors: Wimp Gina Marie , Young William P. , Woolbright Scott A. , Martinsen Gregory D. , Keim Paul , Whitham Thomas G. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractWhile population genetic diversity has broad application in species conservation, no studies have examined the community‐level consequences of this diversity. We show that population genetic diversity (generated by interspecific hybridization) in a dominant riparian tree affects an arthropod community composed of 207 species. In an experimental garden, plant cross type structured the arthropod community of individual trees, and among stands in the wild, plant genetic diversity accounted for nearly 60% of the variation in arthropod diversity. While previous experimental garden studies have demonstrated the effects of plant genotype on arthropod communities, our study extends these findings from individual trees in an experimental garden to natural stands of cottonwoods where plant population genetic diversity was a significant factor structuring arthropod diversity. These findings argue that the preservation of genetic diversity in a dominant species is far more important than previously realized, and may be particularly important in hybridizing systems.
Was a ‘hyperdisease’ responsible for the late Pleistocene megafaunal extinction?
Authors: Kathleen Lyons S. , Smith Felisa A. , Wagner Peter J. , White Ethan P. , Brown James H. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractNumerous hypotheses have been proposed to explain the end Pleistocene extinction of large bodied mammals. The disease hypothesis attributes the extinction to the arrival of a novel ‘hyperdisease’ brought by immigrating aboriginal humans. However, until West Nile virus (WNV) invaded the United States, no known disease met the criteria of a hyperdisease. We evaluate the disease hypothesis using WNV in the United States as a model system. We show that WNV is size‐biased in its infection of North America birds, but is unlikely to result in an extinction similar to that of the end Pleistocene. WNV infects birds more uniformly across the body size spectrum than extinctions did across mammals and is not size‐biased within orders. Our study explores the potential impact of WNV on bird populations and provides no support for disease as a causal mechanism for the end Pleistocene megafaunal extinction.
Infants’ reasoning about hidden objects: evidence for event‐general and event‐specific expectations
Authors: Baillargeon Renée 
Published: August 2004

AbstractResearch over the past 20 years has revealed that even very young infants possess expectations about physical events, and that these expectations undergo significant developments during the first year of life. In this article, I first review some of this research, focusing on infants’ expectations about occlusion, containment, and covering events, all of which involve hidden objects. Next, I present an account of infants’ physical reasoning that integrates these various findings, and describe new experiments that test predictions from this account. Finally, because all of the research I discuss uses the violation‐of‐expectation method, I address recent concerns about this method and summarize new findings that help alleviate these concerns.
A visit from the Candy Witch: factors influencing young children's belief in a novel fantastical being
Authors: Woolley Jacqueline D. , Boerger Elizabeth A. , Markman Arthur B. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractFactors hypothesized to affect beliefs in fantastical beings were examined by introducing children to a novel fantastical entity, the Candy Witch. Results revealed that among older preschoolers, children who were visited by the Candy Witch exhibited stronger beliefs in the Candy Witch than did those who were not. Among children who were visited, older children had stronger beliefs than did younger children. Among children who were not visited, those with a high Fantasy Orientation believed more strongly than did those with a low Fantasy Orientation. Belief remained high one year later. At both time points, the number of other fantastical beings in which a child believed was significantly related to belief in the Candy Witch.
Effects of repetition and configural changes on the development of face recognition processes
Authors: Itier Roxane J. , Taylor Margot J. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractWe investigated the effect of repetition on recognition of upright, inverted and contrast‐reversed target faces in children from 8 to 15 years when engaged in a learning phase/test phase paradigm with target and distractor faces. Early (P1, N170) and late ERP components were analysed. Children across age groups performed equally well, and were better at recognizing upright faces. However, teenagers and adults were equally accurate for all three face types. The neurophysiological responses to upright, inverted and negative faces matured until adulthood and showed different effects at different ages. P1 and N170 components were affected by face type at all ages, suggesting early configural disruption on encoding processes regardless of age. Frontal ERPs reflected the difficulty of processing these stimuli. Distinct repetition effects were seen at frontal, temporal frontal and parietal sites, suggesting differential involvement of these brain regions underlying working memory and recognition processes. Thus, a learning phase was sufficient (a) for 8‐year‐olds to perform as accurately as 15‐year‐olds and (b) to eliminate face type effects in teenagers and adults, but not in younger children.
‘Unwilling’ versus ‘unable’: chimpanzees’ understanding of human intentional action
Authors: Call Josep , Hare Brian , Carpenter Malinda , Tomasello Michael 
Published: August 2004

AbstractUnderstanding the intentional actions of others is a fundamental part of human social cognition and behavior. An important question is therefore whether other animal species, especially our nearest relatives the chimpanzees, also understand the intentional actions of others. Here we show that chimpanzees spontaneously (without training) behave differently depending on whether a human is unwilling or unable to give them food. Chimpanzees produced more behaviors and left the testing station earlier with an unwilling compared to an unable (but willing) experimenter. These data together with other recent studies on chimpanzees’ knowledge about others’ visual perception show that chimpanzees know more about the intentional actions and perceptions of others than previously demonstrated.
Image‐based Relighting, and Computer Vision
Authors: Dutré Philip 
Published: August 2004

Abstract Image‐based techniques have become very popular over the past couple of years. Ranging from modeling to rendering and lighting, the use of images as direct input for graphics algorithms has become as important as processing polygons or other forms of data. This talk will focus on some of the challenges posed by Image‐based relighting. Starting from a set of photographs of an object under various illumination conditions, Image‐based relighting computes novel renderings of the objects. Also, the inverse problem stated as ``What is the required lighting configuration to reach a desired illumination on the object?'' will be discussed, as well as some thoughts on how results from computer vision can be used to accelerate the process.
Rendering with Spherical Radiance Transport Maps
Authors: Mei Chunhui , Shi Jiaoying , Wu Fuli 
Published: August 2004

Abstract In this paper, we propose a real‐time method for rendering soft shadows and inter‐reflections of dynamic objects under complex illumination. In previous methods, many efforts were taken to acquire occlusion and reflection informations for dynamic scene on the fly, and the result image cannot be generated in real time. In our approach, these informations for each object are pre‐computed and stored in well‐defined Spherical Radiance Transport Maps (SRTMs). For distant complex illumination such as environment illumination and area light source, we decompose the illumination to several hundred directional lights. In rendering, we search in SRTMs for occlusion info which may cause shadows, and reflection info which may cause inter‐reflections. Finally we produce realistic soft shadows and inter‐reflections efficiently. Our method is related with but different from previous Pre‐computed Radiance Transfer techniques which are only suitable for static scene. Categories and Subject Descriptors (according to ACM CCS): I.3.7 [Computer Graphics]: shading and shadowing
Measurement‐Based Interactive Simulation of Viscoelastic Solids
Authors: Schoner Jeffrey L. , Lang Jochen , Seidel Hans‐Peter 
Published: August 2004

Abstract Animation of viscoelastic solids in entertainment and medical applications as well as scientific simulation can be improved through observations of real world objects. This paper presents a method for simulating viscoelastic solids in real‐time for visual and haptic display along with a method for determining the parameters of the the underlying model from automated physical measurements of real world objects. The viscoelastic model is a novel extension of the discrete Green's function matrix for linear elasticity, which combines static behavior represented by Green's functions with dynamic behavior expressed by differential equations inspired by particle systems. We describe a novel estimation method of dynamic contact behavior for heterogeneous complex objects based on these measurements. For this estimation, our method relies only on measurement data previously used in the acquisition less realistic elastostatic models. In this way our method allows more physically accurate realism in animation of viscoelastic solids without large additional computational costs or any measurements besides those associated with related methods for elastostatic solids. Categories and Subject Descriptors (according to ACM CCS): I.3.5 [Computer Graphics]: Physically based modeling I.3.7 [Computer Graphics]: Virtual reality, animation
Interference Detection for Subdivision Surfaces
Authors: Wu Xiaobin , Peters Jörg 
Published: August 2004

Abstract Accurate and robust interference detection and ray‐tracing of subdivision surfaces requires safe linear approximations. Approximation of the limit surface by the subdivided control polyhedron can be both inaccurate and, due to the exponential growth of the number of facets, costly. This paper shows how a standard intersection hierarchy, such as an OBB tree, can be made safe and efficient for subdivision surface interference detection. The key is to construct, on the fly, optimally placed facets, whose spherical offsets tightly enclose the limit surface. The spherically offset facets can be locally subdivided and they can be efficiently intersected based on standard triangle‐triangle interference detection. Categories and Subject Descriptors (according to ACM CCS): I.3.5 [Computer Graphics]: Computational Geometry and Object Modeling
Combined Correlated and Importance Sampling in Direct Light Source Computation and Environment Mapping
Authors: Szécsi László , Sbert Mateu , Szirmay‐Kalos László 
Published: August 2004

Abstract This paper presents a general variance reduction method that is a quasi‐optimal combination of correlated and importance sampling. The weights of the combination are selected automatically in order to keep the merits of both importance and correlated sampling. The proposed sampling method is used for efficient direct light source computation of large area sources and for the calculation of the reflected illumination of environment maps. Importance sampling would be good in these cases if the sources are hidden, while correlated sampling is efficient if the sources are fully visible. The proposed method automatically detects the particular case and provides results that inherit the advantages of both techniques.
Balancing Considered Harmful — Faster Photon Mapping using the Voxel Volume Heuristic —
Authors: Waldyz Ingo , Günthery Johannes , Slusalleky Philipp 
Published: August 2004

Abstract Photon mapping is one of the most important algorithms for computing global illumination. Especially for efficiently producing convincing caustics, there are no real alternatives to photon mapping. On the other hand, photon mapping is also quite costly: Each radiance lookup requires to find the k nearest neighbors in a kd‐tree, which can be more costly than shooting several rays. Therefore, the nearest‐neighbor queries often dominate the rendering time of a photon map based renderer. In this paper, we present a method that reorganizes — i.e. un balances — the kd‐tree for storing the photons in a way that allows for finding the k‐nearest neighbors much more efficiently, thereby accelerating the radiance estimates by a factor of 1.2–3.4. Most importantly, our method still finds exactly the same k‐nearest‐neighbors as the original method, without introducing any approximations or loss of accuracy. The impact of our method is demonstrated with several practical examples.Categories and Subject Descriptors (according to ACM CCS): I.3.3 [Computer Graphics]: Global Illumination I.3.7 [Computer Graphics]: Raytracing
Implementation and Evaluation of Active Support
Authors: Bradshaw Jill , McGill Peter , Stretton Rachel , Kelly‐Pike Amanda , Moore Jane , Macdonald Susan , Eastop Zoe , Marks Bob 
Published: August 2004

Objectives  Active support was implemented in three community houses (active support houses), with 11 service users with severe learning disabilities.Methods  This was evaluated with reference to changes in levels of engagement, challenging behaviour (major and minor) and staff contact, measured against three comparison services (non‐active support houses).Results  All measures increased for the active support houses. Significant increases in activity levels were found in one house. Statistically significant increases in activity and minor challenging behaviour were also found when all active support houses were compared with all non‐active support houses. In the non‐active support houses, all measures decreased, with the exception of mean level of staff contact in one house.Conclusions  Unlike previous research findings, those service users who were less able did not receive comparatively more support from staff post‐training and changes appeared unrelated to staff contact.
Dopamine D2‐like antagonists induce chromatin remodeling in striatal neurons through cyclic AMP‐protein kinase A and NMDA receptor signaling
Authors: Li Jianhong , Guo Yin , Schroeder Frederick A. , Youngs Rachael M. , Schmidt Thomas W. , Ferris Craig , Konradi Christine , Akbarian Schahram 
Published: August 2004

AbstractAntipsychotic drugs regulate gene transcription in striatal neurons by blocking dopamine D2‐like receptors. Little is known about the underlying changes in chromatin structure, including covalent modifications at histone N‐terminal tails that are epigenetic regulators of gene expression. We show that treatment with D2‐like antagonists rapidly induces the phosphorylation of histone H3 at serine 10 and the acetylation of H3‐lysine 14 in bulk chromatin from striatum and in nuclei of striatal neurons. We find that, in vivo, D2‐like antagonist‐induced H3 phospho‐acetylation is inhibited by the NMDA receptor antagonist MK‐801 and by the protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor Rp‐adenosine 3c′,5c′‐cyclic monophosphorothioate triethylammonium salt but increased by the PKA activator Sp‐adenosine 3c′,5c′‐cyclic monophosphorothioate triethylammonium salt. Furthermore, in dissociated striatal cultures which lack midbrain and cortical pre‐synaptic inputs, H3 phospho‐acetylation was induced by glutamate, l‐type Ca2+ channel agonists and activators of cAMP‐dependent PKA but inhibited by NMDA receptor antagonists or PKA antagonists. The dual modification, H3pS10‐acK14, was enriched at genomic sites with active transcription and showed the kinetics of the early response. Together, these results suggest that histone modifications and chromatin structure in striatal neurons are dynamically regulated by dopaminergic and glutamatergic inputs converging on the cellular level. Blockade of D2‐like receptors induces H3 phospho‐acetylation, H3pS10‐acK14, through cAMP‐dependent PKA, and post‐synaptic NMDA receptor signaling.
Gene expression profiling of individual cases reveals consistent transcriptional changes in alcoholic human brain
Authors: Liu Jianwen , Lewohl Joanne M. , Dodd Peter R. , Randall Patrick K. , Harris R. Adron , Mayfield R. Dayne 
Published: August 2004

AbstractChronic alcohol exposure induces lasting behavioral changes, tolerance, and dependence. This results, at least partially, from neural adaptations at a cellular level. Previous genome‐wide gene expression studies using pooled human brain samples showed that alcohol abuse causes widespread changes in the pattern of gene expression in the frontal and motor cortices of human brain. Because these studies used pooled samples, they could not determine variability between different individuals. In the present study, we profiled gene expression levels of 14 postmortem human brains (seven controls and seven alcoholic cases) using cDNA microarrays (46 448 clones per array). Both frontal cortex and motor cortex brain regions were studied. The list of genes differentially expressed confirms and extends previous studies of alcohol responsive genes. Genes identified as differentially expressed in two brain regions fell generally into similar functional groups, including metabolism, immune response, cell survival, cell communication, signal transduction and energy production. Importantly, hierarchical clustering of differentially expressed genes accurately distinguished between control and alcoholic cases, particularly in the frontal cortex.
Aniso‐accommodation as a possible factor in myopia development
Authors: Charman W. N. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractIt is shown that the asymmetric convergence caused by the changes in fixation required to read a line of text results in unequal accommodation demands to the two eyes. Since experimental evidence suggests that the required aniso‐accommodation response cannot be achieved, and that accommodation in both eyes tends to match the response to the lower of the two demands, in general the retinal image in at least one eye must be out‐of‐focus. The resultant blur increases as the eccentricity of gaze is increased and the reading distance is reduced, and also depends on the posture and position of the head, together with the balance between eye and head movements. By analogy with the results of animal experiments, it is argued that the defocused retinal imagery involved in reading and similar tasks could be a factor in myopia development, particularly in children who adopt unfavourable reading postures.