bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The ‘Fleuve Manche’: the submarine sedimentary features from the outer shelf to the deep‐sea fans
Authors: Bourillet Jean‐François , Reynaud Jean‐Yves , Baltzer Agnès , Zaragosi Sébastien 
Published: June 2003

AbstractBathymetric, seismic and coring surveys have been carried out since the beginning of the 1990s on the outer shelf, the slope and the continental rise of the Western Approaches margin. Most of the sedimentary features studied belong to a sedimentary system built up since the Oligocene and fed by a palaeoriver, the ‘Fleuve Manche’ that flowed in the English Channel during eustatic lowstands. A geomorphological map details the spatial distributions of the palaeovalleys on the outer shelf, the drainage‐basin‐like organised canyons on the slope and the channel–levee and lobe complexes on the rise. The obvious channel–canyon connections and the assessed palaeovalley–canyon links demonstrate that the ‘Fleuve Manche’ was the single source for terrigeneous fluxes of the Armorican Deep Sea Fan when it was one of two sources of the Celtic Deep Sea Fan. Amongst parameters controlling the sedimentation, two factors play a major role. (i) Subsidence controlled the possibly Messinian riverine incision, the turbidite activities during lowstands, as well as marine infilling of the seawards part of the ‘Fleuve Manche’. (ii) Quaternary sedimentary supplies were influenced by the melting ice‐sheets and the connections with the onshore catchment basins. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Directed Crystallisation of Synthetic Polymers by Low‐Molar‐Mass Self‐Assembled Templates
Authors: Nogales Aurora , Olley Robert H. , Mitchell Geoffrey R. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractA novel and powerful method of microstructure control in polyolefins is presented. By dispersing tiny amounts of sorbitol derivatives in the polymer, the subsequent crystal growth can be controlled with modest prior flow‐fields; in particular high levels of preferred orientation are generated in the resultant crystals. Under shear flow, the additive forms highly extended crystals which lie parallel to the flow‐field and which serve to direct the crystallisation of the polymer leading to a massive amplification of the anisotropy present in the melt.TEM image of a carbon replica taken from an etched surface of a PE sample containing 1% of DBS.magnified imageTEM image of a carbon replica taken from an etched surface of a PE sample containing 1% of DBS.
Novel surface treatments for glass fillers
Authors: Boyles David A. , Kellar Jon J. , Cross William M. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractGlass fillers were suface modified by direct formation of a silicon‐carbon non‐hydrolyzable linkage between glass and coupling agent. The grafted silane monolayer was evaluated by infrared spectroscopy. Samples were subjected to hydrolytic conditions to compare their surface treatment stability with traditional surface treatment hydrolytic stability. Composite specimens were fabricated and their mechanical properties were compared with traditional aminopropylsilane coupling agent treatment.
Multifunctional action of in situ formed Zn‐salt of monoallylmaleamic acid
Authors: Rzymski W.M. , Wolska B. , Balicki T. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractMonoallylmaleamic acid (CH2=CH‐CH”2‐NH‐CO‐CH=CH‐CO‐OH; MAMA) when used in combination with zinc basic carbonate (ZBC) shows multifunctional action during processing and peroxide curing of hydrogenated nitrile rubber (HNBR). It follows from the lower viscosity, higher crosslinking degree and higher tensile strength of samples prepared from HNBR, MAMA, ZBC and peroxide, compared with the HNBR cured with the peroxide only. This kind of activity of the such system is connected with the in situ formation of very small particles of Zn‐MAMA salt dispersed in the rubber matrix and in part chemically bound to the rubber.
Adsorption of curatives and activity of silica toward elastomers
Authors: Kosmalska Anna , Zaborski Marian , Ślusarski Ludomir 
Published: June 2003

AbstractTo characterize an activity of silica toward elastomers usually the parameters of the filler structure and a possibility of its interactions with macromolecules of a matrix are taken into consideration [1,2,3]. As a rule, low molecular weight substances of different polarity are dissolved in a rubber mix (e.g. accelerators, activators, crosslinking substances, etc). They undergo adsorption on the surface of active fillers what exerts an effect on a structure of a network formed and influences mechanical properties of vulcanizates at the same time.
Modification of precipitated calcium carbonate to improve its activity toward elastomers
Authors: Lipińska M. , Zaborski M. , Ślusarski L. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractSurface area of precipitated calcium carbonate was modified by using difuncional compounds f.e.: hydroxyacids, aminoacids, unsaturated acids, their derivatives and silanes. We observed the influence of the degree of surface coverage ratio of calcium carbonate on the properties of modified filler, particularly its surface free energy. As a result of the modification, the dispersive component of surface energy and its specific interactions parameter Sf decreased. The investigations showed that the modification of calcium carbonate with difuncional compounds increased the adsorption of dibutyl phthalate on its surface. The activity of modified fillers in ethylene‐propylene copolymer, butadiene‐acrylonitrile copolymer and carboxylated butadiene‐acrylonitrile copolymer was studied. We tried to modify CaCO3 by using hydroxyacids and proadhesive silanes substances so that interactions between fillers particles increased. As the result of these modifications the absorption of dibutyl phthalate increased what could indicate a higher tendency to create CaCO3 own structure.
Interaction of poly(hydromethyl siloxane) and cyclic Si‐H functional oligomers with metal hydroxides
Authors: Voliotis Anastasios , Liauw Christopher M. , Lees Graham C. , Rothon Roger N. , Thomas Bryan 
Published: June 2003

AbstractThe adsorption of oligomeric trimethyl terminated poly(methylhydrosiloxane) (M.D(H)75.M) (PMHS) and pentamethyl‐cyclopentasiloxane (D(H)5) onto aluminium hydroxide (A1(OH)3) and magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)2), from heptane, has been investigated. The filler isolated from adsorption flasks was analysed using diffuse reflectance Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (DRIFTS) and solid‐state 29Si NMR. Data from the above analytical methods indicate strong adsorption of these probes on to both fillers. Adsorption of both probes occurs via formation of metal‐O‐Si linkages. Self condensation of Si‐H groups of adsorbed PMHS was also evident. With Al(OH)3, the adsorption PMHS involved a greater proportion of the Si‐H groups, causing the adsorption density to be lower than with Mg(OH)2.
Structure‐electrical properties relationships of polymer composites filled with Fe‐powder
Authors: Zois Haralampos , Apekis Lazaros , Mamunya Yevgen P. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractStructure‐properties relationships of composite materials, consisting of a polymer matrix and metal inclusions, is very important for designing new materials with desirable properties. In the present work the electrical and dielectric properties of several composites, consisting of a polymer matrix and iron (Fe) particles as filler, were investigated. Broadband dielectric relaxation spectroscopy measurements were carried out. The electrical behaviour of the composites is described in terms of the percolation theory. Percolation threshold values were calculated and the values of the dielectric permittivity critical exponent were found in good agreement with the theoretical ones. The influence of using different polymer matrices on the physical properties of the composites was also of particular interest. The results were related to the microstructure of the composites and a schematic model was proposed.
Treatment of fillers with organofunctional silanes, technology and applications
Authors: Guillet Antoine 
Published: June 2003

AbstractThe surface of mineral fillers and reinforcements can be modified by reaction with organofunctional silanes. When they are incorporated into polymers, four major consequences result from the chemical modification of the filler surface:1. The filler‐polymer physical interactions are affected. This has a strong impact on rheology and can be used to improve processing.2. The filler‐polymer chemical interactions are affected. The resulting interphase maybe designed to be chemically stable, to exhibit barrier properties or to have specific mechanical properties that may help transfering stresses from the matrix to the filler. Organofunctional silanes are preferred candidates for creating covalent bonds between the filler and the polymer.3. The filler‐filler physical interactions are affected. This can be best observed in composite materials that are highly filled with fine particles. The effect is highlighted by a striking modification of dynamic properties at low strain.4. The polymer structure close to the interphase can be modified through cure control agents or crosslinking agents. Silanes are moisture‐curable, environmentally stable molecules that can be used as accelerators, crosslinkers or co‐monomers.
A numerical tool for multiattribute ranking problems
Authors: Cardoso Domingos Moreira , de Sousa Jorge Freire 
Published: June 2003

AbstractA large variety of techniques have been developed to solve or approximate the solution of multiattribute ranking problems. From such techniques, several implicit or explicit partial orders, defined on the same set of alternatives, are obtained (in many cases, by pairwise comparisons) with the goal of determining a linear order. Often, this goal is attained by assigning positive weights to each partial order relation. However, the imprecise judgments of the pairwise comparisons as well as other factors lead to inconsistencies which have been analyzed in an extensive literature devoted to this type of problem. In this paper, numerical results about linear extensions of weighted sum relations are applied to the recognition of pairwise imprecise judgments between alternatives as well as to the confirmation of a ranking solution as a linear extension of a quasi‐order defined by a weighted sum of binary preference relations. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Trees, slices, and wheels: On the floorplan area minimization problem
Authors: De Almeida Ana Maria , Rodrigues Rosália 
Published: June 2003

AbstractHierarchical approaches to floorplan design usually use trees to represent hierarchical floorplans, defining topological relations between a set of components to be placed on a (circuit) board. This placement is then optimized to minimize chip area, perimeter, or other such cost measurements. This work places the problem of minimizing hierarchical floorplans of order k within the appropriate theoretical framework and presents an algorithm that uses exclusively the k‐ary representation tree to determine the best or minimal solution to a conflicting bicriteria problem. The algorithm does not need predefined partitioning schemes and determines the orientation of each individual component. It can deal both with five‐module wheels, as well as slices, and can handle an arbitrary number of realizations for each individual component. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Punctuations and agendas: A new look at local government budget expenditures
Authors: Jordan Meagan M. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractPunctuated equilibrium theory (PET) is an agenda‐based theory that offers a theoretical
foundation for large budget shifts. PET emphasizes that the static, incremental nature of agendas is
occasionally interrupted by punctuations. These punctuations indicate shifts in priority among the agenda items,
and with those agenda shifts come trade‐offs. This article expands the discussion of punctuated budgets
to the level of local government by determining that local government expenditures have the characteristics
espoused by the punctuated equilibrium theory. The article also determines the frequency of punctuations and the
probability for future punctuations. The findings show that some budget functions and policy types are more
prone to punctuations and, therefore, have a less stable agenda. The practical significance of extending PET to
local government budgeting is the implication on planning, forecasting, and the agenda‐setting process.
© 2003 by the Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management.
Deformation in lamellar and crystalline structures: in situ simultaneous small‐angle X‐ray scattering and wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction measurements on polyethylene terephthalate fibers
Authors: Murthy N. S. , Grubb D. T. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractChanges in the lamellar and crystalline structures were followed as a function of applied stress to understand the influence of the interactions between the crystalline and amorphous domains on the fiber properties. We observed a reversible transformation from a structure giving a four‐point small‐angle pattern to a structure giving a two‐point pattern; these structures corresponded to the lamellae with oblique and normal lamellar surfaces, respectively. The characteristics of these two structures such as the stack diameter, stack height, and tilt angle were different and were determined by the processing conditions and did not change when the fiber was elastically deformed. The structure giving a two‐point pattern was probably the load‐carrying lamellar entity in these fibers. The diameter of the lamellar stacks, tilt angle of the lamellae, and the strain in the lamellar spacing appeared to have the most influence on properties such as tenacity and dimensional stability. The long‐spacing strain, which is about the same as the fiber strain, determined the modulus at low elongation as well as ultimate elongation. These indicate that the lamellar stacks have at least as much influence as the interfibrillar chains on fiber properties. Structural features that determine the performance in semicrystalline polymers were investigated by analyzing four generations of polyethylene terephthalate fibers. Some of the fiber properties correlate with changes in the crystalline domains such as the crystalline orientation, size, and unit cell dimensions. Fibers in which the crystalline strain was large because of their strong linkages to the amorphous chains, and better load transfer, had the highest modulus and lowest ultimate elongation. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 41: 1538–1553, 2003
Preparation and characterization of melt‐compounded polyethylene/vermiculite nanocomposites
Authors: Tjong S. C. , Meng Y. Z. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractPolyethylene (PE)‐layered vermiculite (VMT) nanocomposites were fabricated via direct melt compounding in a twin‐screw extruder followed by injection molding. Exfoliated PE/VMT nanocomposites were readily prepared via in situ melt mixing of maleic anhydride modified VMT with PE. Maleic anhydride acts as either the intercalation agent for VMT or as a compatibilizer for the PE and VMT phases. X‐ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopic observations revealed the formation of exfoliated PE/VMT nanocomposites. The experimental results showed that the storage modulus and strength of nanocomposites tend to increase with an increasing VMT content. Nearly 25.35% increment in the tensile strength and 50% increment in the storage modulus were achieved by incorporating 4 wt % VMT into PE. The thermal properties of the nanocomposites were investigated by dynamic mechanical analysis and differential scanning calorimetry. The glass‐transition temperature of PE/VMT nanocomposites appeared to increase upon the introduction of VMT into the PE matrix. The effects of maleic anhydride addition on the formation of the PE/VMT nanocomposites are discussed. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 41: 1476–1484, 2003
Surlyn®/silicate nanocomposite materials via a polymer in situ sol–gel process: Morphology
Authors: Start P. R. , Mauritz K. A. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractSurlyn®/silicate hybrid materials were produced via diffusion‐controlled polymer in situ sol–gel reactions for tetraethylorthosilicate. The heterogeneous morphologies of these materials were inspected with transmission electron (TEM), atomic force (AFM), and environmental scanning electron microscopic methods. The silicate uptake was highly dependent on the water affinity of the particular Surlyn® form (acid or ionic) rather than on the affinity of the solvent. The morphology consisted of silicate particles with diameters that were on the order of tens of nanometers. Hence, these materials can be classified as nanocomposites. The particle size distributions in both the TEM and AFM images for all composites appeared to be narrow, with un‐neutralized Surlyn® exhibiting a broader distribution. Larger particles were found near the film surfaces, and the silicon elemental distribution across the film thickness indicated higher concentrations near the surfaces, which is most likely due to the fact that the sol–gel reaction is diffusion controlled in these polymeric media. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 41: 1563–1571, 2003
Molecular orientation of aromatic polycarbonates containing fluorene side chains by polarized infrared spectroscopy and birefringence analysis
Authors: Uchiyama Akihiko , Yatabe Toshiaki 
Published: June 2003

AbstractThe molecular orientation of an aromatic polycarbonate containing fluorene side chains was investigated by polarized infrared spectroscopy and birefringence analyses. The copolymers were synthesized from 2,2‐bis(4‐hydroxyphenyl)propane (BPA), 9,9‐bis(4‐hydroxy‐3‐methylpheny)fluorene (BMPF), and phosgene by interfacial polycondensation. The 1449‐cm−1 band of the uniaxially oriented films, stretched at the glass‐transition temperature (Tg) plus 5 °C, was assigned to various combinations of CC stretching and CH in‐plane bending vibrations in the fluorene ring, and the transition moment angle was estimated to be 90°. The intrinsic birefringence of aromatic polycarbonate films with BMPF molar ratios ranging from 0.5 to 1 was obtained with the 1449‐cm−1 band. The copolymer was estimated to show zero intrinsic birefringence at the BMPF molar ratio of 0.75, and the BMPF homopolymer showed negative intrinsic birefringence. A linear relationship between the volume fraction of BMPF units and the intrinsic birefringence indicated that the two monomer units of BPA and BMPF in each copolymer were not independent, and an intrinsic birefringence could be defined even in the copolymer. The sign of the photoelastic coefficient in the homopolymer with BMPF units was positive. The different signs of the photoelastic coefficient and the intrinsic birefringence suggest that the fluorene side‐chain orientation induced by stress in the glass state is quite different from the orientation of the uniaxially oriented films stretched at Tg + 5 °C. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 41: 1554–1562, 2003
Effect of pressure and temperature history on volume relaxation of amorphous polystyrene
Authors: Pantani R. , Titomanlio G. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractControl of volume changes with time has a critical industrial relevance for the production of objects made of thermoplastic materials (obtained, e.g., by injection molding), but this phenomenon is completely disregarded by commercial codes for simulation of processes. In this work, attention is focused on the relevance of thermomechanical history on volume relaxation at room conditions of an amorphous polystyrene. A set of data of volume relaxation of samples obtained in an extremely wide range of thermomechanical treatments was collected. Data were analyzed with the aim of applying a simplified model on the basis of the well‐known KAHR model, which describes the postprocessing volume relaxation of amorphous polymers by adopting a minimum number of material parameters. Despite the fact that only two relaxation times are considered, the model satisfactorily describes volume evolution (either contraction or expansion) at room conditions after a given thermomechanical treatment if an appropriate partition of free volume into two fractions is provided. Furthermore, in its present form that neglects the effect of pressure on volume relaxation, the model satisfactorily describes the effect of a given thermal treatment (at room pressure), starting from the melt, on both specific volume and its relaxation rate after treatment. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 41: 1526–1537, 2003
C3H4: Density functional study of interconversion of isomers
Authors: Kakkar Rita 
Published: June 2003

AbstractThe B3LYP density functional has been used to calculate the reaction paths for the interconversion of the three stable isomers of C3H4, namely, propyne, allene, and cyclopropene, and the results compared with experimental data. It is found that the trans nonplanar isomer of vinylmethylene plays a central role in the interconversions. Other thermochemical parameters, like the entropies of reaction and activation, have also been calculated. The rate constants of the various competing reactions have been calculated using the Rice–Ramsperger–Kassel–Marcus theory. Kinetic isotope effects for the reactions have also been investigated to gain an insight into their mechanisms. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2003
Rumer's transformation, in biology, as the negation, in classical logic
Authors: Négadi Tidjani 
Published: June 2003

AbstractIn this article, we make a connection between the Rumer transformation, used in the study of the genetic code‐doublets, and the negation of classic logic. A unified classification is given, relying on two Klein's 4‐groups describing the symmetries of the 16 doublets of nitrogenous bases and those of the 16 binary connectives of classic logic, both groups being subgroups of a larger noncommutative group with eight elements we identify as the dihedral group D4. Also, some connections with other works are briefly considered. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2003
DFT study of 1‐D Li6Gd(BO3)3
Authors: Rivas‐Silva J.F. , Flores‐Riveros A. , Berrondo M. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractSolid‐state calculations were performed with the program CASTEP to analyze some electronic structure features of the crystal compound Li6Gd(BO3)3 (LIGDBO), which is known to be an efficient gamma radiation detector, in particular when doped with rare‐earth ions. The structure of this material displays a clear 1‐D preference, where chains of atoms are formed along one of the crystalline axes. These quasilinear chains are responsible for the energy transfer occurring in the system prior to the actual detection. To elucidate on some aspects of the former process, calculations based on a few cluster models were also carried out by means of the molecular program JAGUAR. One of our results corresponds to a theoretical absorption energy value close to that experimentally obtained. In our calculation, the absorption process seems to be associated with the formation of an excitonic magnon state. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2003
Coping with incest: The relationship between recollections of childhood coping and adult functioning in female survivors of incest
Authors: Brand Bethany L. , Alexander Pamela C. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractOne hundred and one adult female survivors' recollections of coping with childhood incest, abuse characteristics, and current functioning in adulthood were studied. Analyses controlling for characteristics of the trauma indicated that recollections of using avoidance coping and seeking social support were related to poor adult functioning whereas recollections of using distancing coping were related to better functioning. As a set of variables, abuse characteristics also predicted a significant amount of variance in adult functioning. Implications for future research were discussed.