bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Successful management of hamstring injuries in Australian Rules footballers: two case reports
Authors: Hoskins Wayne T , Pollard Henry P 
Published: April 2005

Abstract

Hamstring injuries are the most prevalent injury in Australian Rules football. There is a lack of evidence based literature on the treatment, prevention and management of hamstring injuries, although it is agreed that the etiology is complicated and multi-factorial. We present two cases of hamstring injury that had full resolution after spinal manipulation and correction of lumbar-pelvic biomechanics. There was no recurrence through preventative treatment over a twelve and sixteen week period. The use of spinal manipulation for treatment or prevention of hamstring injury has not been documented in sports medicine literature and should be further investigated in prospective randomized controlled trials.
The differential contribution of tumour necrosis factor to thermal and mechanical hyperalgesia during chronic inflammation
Authors: Inglis Julia J , Nissim Ahuva , Lees Delphine M , Hunt Stephen P , Chernajovsky Yuti , Kidd Bruce L 
Published: April 2005

AbstractTherapies directed against tumour necrosis factor (TNF) are effective for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and reduce pain scores in this condition. In this study, we sought to explore mechanisms by which TNF contributes to inflammatory pain in an experimental model of arthritis. The effects of an anti-TNF agent, etanercept, on behavioural pain responses arising from rat monoarthritis induced by complete Freund's adjuvant were assessed and compared with expression of TNF receptors (TNFRs) by dorsal root ganglion (DRG) cells at corresponding time points. Etanercept had no effect on evoked pain responses in normal animals but exerted a differential effect on the thermal and mechanical hyperalgesia associated with rat arthritis induced by complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA). Joint inflammation was associated with increased TNFR1 and TNFR2 expression on DRG cells, which was maintained throughout the time course of the model. TNFR1 expression was increased in neuronal cells of the DRG bilaterally after arthritis induction. In contrast, TNFR2 expression occurred exclusively on non-neuronal cells of the macrophage–monocyte lineage, with cell numbers increasing in a TNF-dependent fashion during CFA-induced arthritis. A strong correlation was observed between numbers of macrophages and the development of mechanical hyperalgesia in CFA-induced arthritis. These results highlight the potential for TNF to play a vital role in inflammatory hyperalgesia, both by a direct action on neurons via TNFR1 and by facilitating the accumulation of macrophages in the DRG via a TNFR2-mediated pathway.
CYP17 5'-UTR MspA1 polymorphism and the risk of premenopausal breast cancer in a German population-based case–control study
Authors: Verla-Tebit Emaculate , Wang-Gohrke Shan , Chang-Claude Jenny 
Published: April 2005

Abstract
Introduction
Studies on the association between the cytochrome P450c17α gene (CYP17) 5'-untranslated region MspA1 genetic polymorphism and breast cancer risk have yielded inconsistent results. Higher levels of estrogen have been reported among young nulliparous women with the A2 allele. Therefore we assessed the impact of CYP17 genotypes on the risk of premenopausal breast cancer, with emphasis on parity.

Methods
We used data from a population-based case–control study of women aged below 51 years conducted from 1992 to 1995 in Germany. Analyses were restricted to clearly premenopausal women with complete information on CYP17 and encompassed 527 case subjects and 904 controls, 99.5% of whom were of European descent. The MspA1 polymorphism was analyzed using PCR-RFLP (PCR–restriction fragment length polymorphism) assay.

Results
The frequencies of the variant allele among the cases and controls were 43% and 41%, respectively. Overall, CYP17 A1/A2 and A2/A2 genotypes compared with the A1/A1 genotype were not associated with breast cancer, with adjusted odds ratios (ORs) of 1.04 and 1.23, respectively. Among nulliparous women, however, breast cancer risk was elevated for the A1/A2 (OR = 1.31; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.74 to 2.32) and the A2/A2 genotype (OR = 2.12; 95% CI 1.04 to 4.32) compared with the A1/A1 genotype, with a trend towards increasing risk associated with number of A2 alleles (P = 0.04). Otherwise, the CYP17 polymorphism was found neither to be an effect modifier of breast cancer risks nor to be associated with stage of disease.

Conclusion
Our results do not indicate a major influence of CYP17 MspA1 polymorphism on the risk of premenopausal breast cancer, but suggest that it may have an impact on breast cancer risk among nulliparous women. The finding, however, needs to be confirmed in further studies.
Design and testing of small‐scale unsteady‐state afterburners and reactors
Authors: Fissore Davide , Barresi Antonello A. , Baldi Giancarlo , Hevia Miguel A. G. , Ordóñez Salvador , Díez Fernando V. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThe design and testing of small‐scale and pilot‐scale apparatus using the reverse‐flow concept is focused on. The combustion of lean air–methane mixtures was considered as a test reaction both for modeling purposes and for the experimental investigation. A one‐dimensional two‐phase model was used to highlight that thermal properties of the reactor wall and radial heat losses affect the thermal stability of bench‐scale rigs more than that of large‐scale industrial reactors, where adiabatic behavior is generally achieved. As a consequence, a special temperature‐control system, based on dynamic compensation of the thermal losses, was designed to attain adiabatic operation in a small‐scale apparatus, avoiding overcompensation and thus allowing the scale‐up of the results obtained. This system was realized and tested, proving to be effective in a wide range of operating conditions such as inlet concentration and feed flow rate. © 2005 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2005
Large‐scale gene expression analysis of cholesterol dependence in NS0 cells
Authors: Seth Gargi , Philp Robin J. , Denoya Claudio D. , McGrath Katherine , Stutzman‐Engwall Kim J. , Yap Miranda , Hu Wei‐Shou 
Published: April 2005

AbstractNS0, a nonsecreting mouse myeloma cell, is a major host line used for recombinant antibody production. These cells have a cholesterol‐dependent phenotype and rely on an exogenous supply of cholesterol for their survival and growth. To better understand the physiology underlying cholesterol dependence, we compared NS0 cells, cultivated under standard cholesterol‐dependent growth conditions (NS0), to cells adapted to cholesterol‐independent conditions (NS0 revertant, NS0_r). Large‐scale transcriptional analyses were done using the Affymetrix GeneChip array, MG‐U74Av2. The transcripts expressed differentially across the two cell lines were identified. Additionally, proteomic tools were employed to analyze cell lysates from these two cell lines. Cellular proteins from both NS0 and NS0_r were subjected to 2D gel electrophoresis. MALDI‐TOF mass spectrometry was performed to determine the identity of the differentially expressed spots. We examined the expression level of mouse genes directly involved in cholesterol biosynthesis, lipid metabolism, and central energy metabolism. Most of these genes were downregulated in the revertant cell type, NS0_r, compared to NS0. Overall, a large number of genes are expressed differentially, indicating that the reversal of cholesterol dependency has a profound effect on cell physiology. It is probable that a single gene mutation, activation, or inactivation is responsible for cholesterol auxotrophy. However, the wide‐ranging changes in gene expression point to the distinct possibility of a regulatory event affecting the reversibility of auxotrophy, either directly or indirectly. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Turbulence Transfer Processes in Adiabatic and Condensing Film Flow in an Inclined Tube
Authors: Würfel R. , Kreutzer T. , Fratzscher W. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractFor the description of transfer processes in separated turbulent two‐phase flow, knowledge is necessary about interactions at the interface. Particularly experimental studies were performed of the two‐phase‐friction coefficient, film thickness, entrainment and heat transfer for adiabatic and condensing conditions. Working systems were n‐heptane/air, water/air and condensing n‐heptane. The measurement of the liquid film thickness was successful with the ultrasonic method and the entrainment was measured with an isokinetic technique. Quantitative connections between hydrodynamic parameters were discussed and compared with literature models. Based on experimental data, special models are proposed. Partly the influence of the mass transfer intensity cannot be neglected for calculation of the two‐phase‐friction coefficient. For the description of the heat transfer for film condensation in turbulent flow the interface shear stress and the inclination angle of the tube have proved useful.
Designing Wet Scrubbers for SO2 Absorption into Fairly Concentrated Sulfuric Acid Solutions Containing Hydrogen Peroxide
Authors: Thomas D. , Colle S. , Vanderschuren J. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractAbsorption of SO2, diluted with nitrogen up to concentrations of 500 Pa, was performed at 20 °C and 1 atm, with water and sulfuric acid solutions containing hydrogen peroxide in two different contactors: a packed column and a cable scrubber. The absorption rate was determined for various SO2 partial pressures, as well as different concentrations of sulfuric acid (up to 40 wt %) and of hydrogen peroxide in the scrubbing liquid. It was found that the SO2 absorption rate increases with the hydrogen peroxide concentration, and decreases as the acidity of the scrubbing liquid increases. Taking into account hydrodynamic and mass transfer characteristics of the packing for both scrubbers, a practical enhancement factor depending on the liquid phase H2SO4 and H2O2 contents, was deduced from semi‐continuous tests. As a good concordance was observed between results determined for both contactors, a single correlation is proposed, allowing the computation of this kinetic factor for quite simple simulation or design of SO2 scrubbers, provided the gas and liquid phase mass transfer coefficients kGa and kLa are known.
Rhodium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Aqueous Pauson–Khand‐Type Reaction
Authors: Kwong Fuk Yee , Li Yue Ming , Lam Wai Har , Qiu Liqin , Lee Hang Wai , Yeung Chi Hung , Chan Kin Shing , Chan Albert S. C. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractAn interesting rhodium‐catalyzed asymmetric aqueous Pauson–Khand‐type reaction was developed. A chiral atropisomeric dipyridyldiphosphane ligand was found to be highly effective in this system. This operationally simple protocol allows both catalyst and reactants to be handled under air without precautions. Various enynes were transformed to the corresponding bicyclic cyclopentenones in good yield and enantiomeric excess (up to 95 %ee). A study of the electronic effects of the enyne substrates revealed a correlation between the electronic properties of the substrates and theeevalue obtained in the product of the Pauson–Khand‐type reaction. A linear free‐energy relationship was observed from a Hammett study.
Survival benefit with imatinib mesylate therapy in patients with accelerated‐phase chronic myelogenous leukemia—Comparison with historic experience
Authors: Kantarjian Hagop , Talpaz Moshe , O'Brien Susan , Giles Francis , Faderl Stefan , Verstovsek Srdan , Garcia‐Manero Guillermo , Shan Jianqin , Rios Mary Beth , Champlin Richard , de Lima Marcos , Cortes Jorge 
Published: April 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe effect of imatinib mesylate on survival in the accelerated phase of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) is unknown. The objectives of this study were to update the long‐term experience with imatinib in patients who had accelerated‐phase CML and to compare outcomes with historic experience.METHODSThe outcomes of 176 patients who received treatment with imatinib were reviewed and compared with the outcomes of 213 historic control patients with accelerated‐phase CML who received treatment with interferon‐α or with other modalities.RESULTSWith imatinib, the complete hematologic response rate was 82% versus a rate ≤ 50% for others, and the complete cytogenetic response rate was 43% versus rates of 0–6% for others. The estimated 4‐year survival rates were 53% with imatinib, 42% with interferon‐α, and 0–21% for others. A multivariate analysis of the total population of 389 patients indicated that imatinib therapy (vs. other therapies) was an independent, favorable prognostic factor for survival (P< 0.0001; hazard rate, 0.62). A subset analysis that included only patients who were treated with imatinib and interferon‐α (276 patients) also identified imatinib as an independent favorable prognostic factor (P< 0.0001; hazard rate, 0.65). The 3‐month cytogenetic response to imatinib was associated with significantly different survival outcomes (P< 0.0001). A multivariate analysis that included pretreatment characteristics and 3‐month cytogenetic response among 150 patients who received imatinib and were alive at 3 months identified only 2 adverse independent prognostic factors: lack of a cytogenetic response at 3 months (P< 0.001) and anemia (hemoglobin < 10 g/dL;P= 0.003). Patients who had neither factor (41%) had an estimated 4‐year survival rate of 88%; in the other patients, the 4‐year survival rate was ≤ 60%. This may have implications in relation to subsequent therapy, because, according to the outcomes of patients who underwent allogeneic transplantation in accelerated phase at the authors' institution and from literature reports, the estimates of 5‐year survival were 25–30%.CONCLUSIONSThe current results suggest that imatinib improved survival compared with other therapies in patients with accelerated‐phase CML. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Dynamic Evolution of Kohn–Sham Electron Density in the Real‐Time Domain with Finite Basis Expansion
Authors: Hu Anguang , Woo Tom K. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractWe present a novel method for time‐dependent density functional theory calculations on dynamic linear response and electron density evolution in the real‐time domain with the finite basis expansion approach of conventional quantum chemistry. To demonstrate the validity and efficiency of this method, dynamic polarizabilities of a water chain and diphenylene molecules are computed by employing the Chebyshev interpolation algorithm, which was developed by Baer and co‐workers. The calculated dynamic polarizabilities show good agreement with those obtained from conventional linear response calculations. The density evolution in the real‐time domain with application of a long‐duration electric field gives electronic conduction in molecules, where a dynamic process of charge transfer is observed with the snapshots of response density in real time. Charge transfer oscillating with the frequency of the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) gap is shown in a diphenylene molecule while there is little change in time for a water chain.
Polychromatic (eight‐color) slide‐based cytometry for the phenotyping of leukocyte, NK, and NKT subsets
Authors: Mittag Anja , Lenz Dominik , Gerstner Andreas O. H. , Sack Ulrich , Steinbrecher Michael , Koksch Mario , Raffael Alexander , Bocsi Jozsef , Tárnok Attila 
Published: April 2005

AbstractBackgroundNatural killer (NK) and NK T (NKT) cells are important in innate immune defense. Their unequivocal identification requires at least four antigens. Based on the expression of additional antigens, they can be further divided into functional subsets. For more accurate immunophenotyping and to describe multiple expression patterns of leukocyte subsets, an increased number of measurable colors is necessary. To take advantage of the technologic features offered by slide‐based cytometry, repeated analysis was combined with sequential optical‐filter changing.MethodsHuman peripheral blood leukocytes from healthy adult volunteers were labeled with antibodies by direct or indirect staining. Tandem dyes of Cy7 (phycoerythrin [PE]‐/allophycocyanin [APC]‐Cy7), Cy5.5 (PE‐/APC‐Cy5.5), and PE‐Cy5 and the fluorochromes fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC), PE, and APC were tested alone and in combinations. Optical filters of the laser scanning cytometer were 555 DRLP/BP 530/30 nm for photomultiplier tube (PMT) 1/FITC, 605 DRLP/BP 580/30 nm for PMT 2/PE, 740 DCXR/BP 670/20 nm for PMT 3/Cy5/APC, and BP 810/90 nm for PMT 4/Cy7. Filter PMT 3 was replaced for detection of PE/Cy5.5 and APC/Cy5.5 by 740 LP/BP 710/20 nm and the sample was remeasured. Both data files were merged into one to combine the different information on a single‐cell basis. The combination of eight antibodies against CD3, CD4, CD8, CD14, CD16, CD19, CD45, and CD56 was used to characterize NK and NKT cells and their subsets.ResultsIn this way Cy5.5 is measurable at 488‐nm and 633‐nm excitation. Further, with the two different filters it is possible to distinguish Cy5 from Cy5.5 in the same detection channel (PMT 3). With this method we identified NK and NKT cells, subsets of NK (CD3−16+56+, CD3−16+56−, CD3−16−56+) and NKT (CD3+16+56+, CD3+16−56+) and their CD4+8−, CD4−8+, CD4−8− and CD4+8+ subsets.ConclusionWith our adaptations it is possible to discriminate tandem conjugates of Cy5, Cy5.5, and Cy7 for eight‐color immunophenotyping. Using this method, novel rare subsets of NK and NKT cells that are CD4/CD8 double positive are reported for the first time. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Human IL‐19 regulates immunity through auto‐induction of IL‐19 and production of IL‐10
Authors: Jordan William J. , Eskdale Joyce , Boniotto Michele , Lennon Greig P. , Peat Jon , Campbell John D. M. , Gallagher Grant 
Published: April 2005

AbstractIL‐19 is a novel, recently identified member of the IL‐10 family of cytokines. We identified IL‐10 as a cytokine that was strongly induced in IL‐19‐stimulated PBMC. IL‐19‐induced IL‐10 secretion was dose‐dependent and could be detected in culture supernatants after 3 h of stimulation. Furthermore, quantitative RT‐PCR analysis demonstrated that IL‐19 stimulation increased the level of IL‐10 mRNA present within cells, suggesting that IL‐19 is a transcriptional activator of IL‐10. IL‐19 was also able to induce its own expression, with IL‐10 potently down‐regulating this IL‐19 ‘auto‐induction’. LPS induction of IL‐19 expression was also regulated by IL‐10, demonstrating that IL‐10 is likely an important regulator of human IL‐19 induction. Maturation of dendritic cells from human PBMC in the presence of IL‐19 resulted in an increase in IL‐10 levels within these cells, whereas IL‐12 was not affected. These results advance our understanding of the function of this novel cytokine and its regulation within the human immune system, in addition to providing a new insight into the control of the important immunoregulatory cytokine, IL‐10.
Regulation of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cell activity: it takes (IL‐)two to tango
Authors: Scheffold Alexander , Hühn Jochen , Höfer Thomas 
Published: April 2005

AbstractAlthough CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells (Treg) represent a well‐characterized population of T cells with in vitro and in vivo suppressive capacity, the basic mechanisms of suppression are still not understood. The constitutive expression of the high‐affinity receptor for IL‐2 has raised the question about the role of IL‐2 in Treg function. Here, we review recent data indicating that IL‐2 is not only necessary for the homeostasis of Treg but is also critical for the activation of Treg function. Since Treg do not produce IL‐2 by themselves, their capacity to utilize IL‐2 secreted by other T cells appears to be an essential component of Treg biology. This indicates that Treg suppressive activity is controlled by interaction with activated target cells via the soluble mediator IL‐2. In Treg, IL‐2 has been identified as a potent inducer of the immunosuppressive cytokine IL‐10, an important mediator of Treg suppression in vivo. The efficient capture of IL‐2 by Treg may, under conditions of limited IL‐2 supply, cause IL‐2 deprivation of responder T cells. This competition can explain some of the currently discussed discrepancies between in vivo and in vitro activity of Treg.
The effect of quetiapine on aggression and hostility in patients with schizophrenia
Authors: Arango Celso , Bernardo Miguel 
Published: April 2005

AbstractA post hoc analysis of data from three placebo‐controlled, double‐blind, randomized trials was carried out to determine the efficacy of quetiapine in aggression and hostility in patients with schizophrenia. Quetiapine treatment induced statistically significantly greater improvements in BPRS positive symptom cluster scores and three measures of hostility derived from the BPRS, compared with placebo, in patients symptomatic at baseline. A path analysis showed that the improvements in hostility were highly correlated with improvements in positive symptoms and there was no consistent relationship between sedation and hostility. Aggressive behaviour appears to be related to positive symptoms of schizophrenia. Quetiapine may be a suitable option for patients with schizophrenia and aggressive behaviour. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Anomeric distinction and oxonium ion formation in acetylated glycosides
Authors: Denekamp Chagit , Sandlers Yana 
Published: April 2005

AbstractCollision‐induced dissociation of ammonium‐cationized alpha and beta acetyl pyranosidic isomers were studied and stereochemical dependence of the reactivity towards elimination of acetic acid from the anomeric position was found. It is shown that isomers that contain trans diacetyloxy groups at positions 1 and 2 of the pyranoside are more reactive, allowing anomeric distinction according to the relative abundance of the oxocarbenium product ion of this reaction in the spectrum. The higher reactivity of trans isomers is rationalized by neighboring group assistance that is possible only in the trans configuration. DFT calculations indicate that the lesser energetic reaction path occurs in an ammonium‐cationized trans diequatorial 2,3‐diacetoxy tetrahydropyran that was used as a model in order to study this process theoretically. It is also found that the configuration at position 4 of the carbohydrate plays a major role in the rate of formation and stability of oxocarbenium ions. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.