bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inverse design and characterization of compact, broadband, and low-loss chip-scale photonic power splitters
Authors: Hansen Søren Engelberth , Arregui Guillermo , Babar Ali Nawaz , Christiansen Rasmus Ellebæk , Stobbe Søren 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The scalability of integrated photonics hinges on low-loss chip-scale components, which are important for classical applications and crucial in the quantum domain. An important component is the power splitter, which is an essential building block for interferometric devices. Here, we use inverse design by topology optimization to devise a generic design framework for developing power splitters in any material platform, although we focus the present work on silicon photonics. We report on the design, fabrication, and characterization of silicon power splitters and explore varying domain sizes and wavelength spans around a center wavelength of 1550 nm. This results in a set of power splitters tailored for ridge, suspended, and embedded silicon waveguides with an emphasis on compact size and wide bandwidths. The resulting designs have a footprint of

2
μ

m

×
3
μ

m

and exhibit remarkable 0.5 dB bandwidths exceeding 300 nm for the ridge and suspended power splitters and 600 nm for the embedded power splitter. We fabricate the power splitters in suspended silicon circuits and characterize the resulting devices using a cutback method. The experiments confirm the low excess loss, and we measure a 0.5 dB bandwidth of at least 245 nm—limited by the wavelength range of our lasers.
Variability in costs of electrifying passenger cars in Canada
Authors: Javed Bassam , Kandlikar Milind , Giang Amanda 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The high cost of purchasing electric vehicles (EVs) compared to internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs) is a major barrier to their widespread adoption. Additionally, the price disparity is not the same for all households. We conducted a total cost of ownership (TCO) analysis to compare the net present value of EV versus ICEV ownership for various household categories across Canada. We observed spatial and behavioral factors, including variations in costs of electricity, temperature, household archetypes and their purchase decisions, and access to charging infrastructure. We found that EVs are more cost-effective than ICEVs for certain daily driving distances, but typical households in Canada generally do not drive enough for lifecycle costs of EVs to be less than ICEVs. The province of Quebec has the most favorable conditions for EV ownership due to high purchase subsidies and low electricity prices. Variability in costs across other provinces and territories is mainly due to differences in rebates, electricity and gasoline prices, and tax rates. Our findings have implications for policymakers and consumers. For consumers comparing ICEVs to EVs based on a fixed budget, which may be consistent with how many households frame their purchase decision, willingness to accept smaller, non-luxury EVs can result in large cost savings. We also find that although temperature variation has a minimal effect on TCO, it does impact the ‘number of charge-ups’—a metric that we introduce to compare how many charging cycles a user may expect over the lifetime of a vehicle. The policy implication of this would be a need to consider regional differences in cold weather patterns when planning charging infrastructure deployment and the extent to which households in shared dwellings may face additional costs. Lastly, our findings strengthen the argument that equitably decarbonizing transportation will also require investment in strategies other than electrifying personal vehicles.
Co-𝑡-structures on derived categories of coherent sheaves and the cohomology of tilting modules
Authors: Achar Pramod , Hardesty William 
Published: February 2024

We construct a co-

t
t

-structure on the derived category of coherent sheaves on the nilpotent cone

N

\mathcal {N}

of a reductive group, as well as on the derived category of coherent sheaves on any parabolic Springer resolution. These structures are employed to show that the push-forwards of the “exotic parity objects” (considered by Achar, Hardesty, and Riche [Transform. Groups 24 (2019), pp. 597–657]), along the (classical) Springer resolution, give indecomposable objects inside the coheart of the co-

t
t

-structure on

N

\mathcal {N}

. We also demonstrate how the various parabolic co-

t
t

-structures can be related by introducing an analogue to the usual translation functors. As an application, we give a proof of a scheme-theoretic formulation of the relative Humphreys conjecture on support varieties of tilting modules in type

A
A

for

p
>
h

p>h

.
Pharmacy residency training program increases residents’ confidence in inpatient medical emergency response
Authors: Shigle Amanda Jo , Piechowski Kara , Sandoval Nicholas , Chiplinski Amber , Hays William Blake 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Purpose
The benefits of pharmacists’ involvement in medical emergencies are well established, but optimal methods of training pharmacists for emergency response are unknown. The primary objective of this report is to describe the design and evaluation of a pharmacy resident medical emergency response training (PR-MERT) program for preparing trainees to respond to hospital medical emergencies, including cardiac arrest and rapid sequence intubation (RSI).

Summary
The PR-MERT program was a year-long longitudinal experience designed to prepare postgraduate year 1 pharmacy residents for medical emergency response. During the first month, the residents completed an orientation session that encompassed several lectures, certification by the American Heart Association in basic life support and advanced cardiovascular life support, standardized simulation scenarios, and mock medical emergencies. The trainees continued to utilize these skills and clinical knowledge through a longitudinal didactic lecture series, resident case conferences, and practice-based application by responding to real-life medical emergencies. Residents were assessed and coached throughout the program by clinical pharmacy preceptors and a “code coach” with extensive medical emergency response experience. After the year-long training, residents completed an anonymous survey assessing self-confidence and the structure of the program. The results showed improved confidence in medication selection and dosing, as well as anticipating the needs of the team and speaking up in cardiac arrest and RSI situations. Residents were satisfied with the training offered and structure of the program.

Conclusion
The development of a PR-MERT program at an academic medical center was successful in achieving longitudinal learning objectives and improving residents’ confidence in responding to medical emergencies. The implementation of a similar medical emergency training curriculum in inpatient pharmacy residency programs may be beneficial.
How to ground powers
Authors: Builes David 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAccording to the grounding theory of powers, fundamental physical properties should be thought of as qualities that ground dispositions. Although this view has recently been defended by many different philosophers, there is no consensus for how the view should be developed within a broader metaphysics of properties. Recently, Tugby has argued that the view should be developed in the context of a Platonic theory of properties, where properties are abstract universals. I will argue that the view should not be developed within such a framework. Either the view should be developed with an ontology of Aristotelian properties, or it should be developed in a Nominalist framework that contains no properties at all.
Posterior Müller Muscle-Conjunctival Resection as a First Step to Treat Eyelid Ptosis: Clinical Results and Treatment Algorithm
Authors: Fechner Maarten , Kappen Isabelle Francisca Petronella Maria , van Rooij Joep Antonius Franciscus , van der Lei Berend 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background
The posterior Müller muscle-conjunctival resection (MMCR) procedure is a straightforward procedure for the correction of eyelid ptosis with a relatively short operating time and fast recovery. Traditionally, its use was limited to patients with mild involutional ptosis and good levator function and a positive phenylephrine test result.

Objectives
To evaluate the efficacy of the MMCR procedure as a primary step to treat eyelid ptosis with varying etiology and severity, including patients with more severe ptosis and moderate levator function, and to produce a treatment algorithm.

Methods
A retrospective analysis of the results of 34 patients, comprising 56 operated eyelids, treated with the MMCR procedure for eyelid ptotis between 2016 and 2018, was performed. Preoperative and postoperative pictures were analyzed for determining the margin-to-reflex distance (MRD1), symmetry, and complications.

Results
We found a mean preoperative MRD1 of 1.3 mm (SD 1.1) and postoperative MRD1 of 3.2 mm (SD 1.0). The mean postoperative MRD1 for unilateral and bilateral cases was 3.4 (SD 0.8) and 3.2 (SD 1.1), respectively. Only 2 patients (5.9%) had an asymmetrical postoperative result (&gt;1.0 mm MRD1 difference), and both were unilateral cases. Complications were scarce: only 1 patient (2.9%) developed dry eyes and 2 patients experienced temporary discomfort from the conjunctival sutures.

Conclusions
The MMCR procedure appears to be an excellent procedure as a primary step to correct eyelid ptosis with varying etiologies and severity, due to its low risk of asymmetry, short learning curve, and high success rate. A flow chart as treatment algorithm is provided for clinical decision making.

Level of Evidence: 4
Comparison of brain imaging and physical health between research and clinical neuroimaging cohorts of ageing
Authors: Mossa-Basha Mahmud , Andre Jalal B , Yuh Esther , Hunt David , LaPiana Nina , Howlett Bradley , Krakauer Chloe , Crane Paul , Nelson Jennifer , DeZelar Margaret , Meyers Kelly , Larson Eric , Ralston James , Mac Donald Christine L 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Objectives
To compare brain MRI measures between Adult Changes in Thought (ACT) participants who underwent research, clinical, or both MRI scans, and clinical health measures across the groups and non-MRI subjects.

Methods
Retrospective cohort study leveraging MRI, clinical, demographic, and medication data from ACT. Three neuroradiologists reviewed MRI scans using NIH Neuroimaging Common Data Elements (CDEs). Total brain and white matter hyperintensity (WMH) volumes, clinical characteristics, and outcome measures of brain and overall health were compared between groups. 1166 MRIs were included (77 research, 1043 clinical, and 46 both) and an additional 3146 participants with no MRI were compared.

Results
Compared to the group with research MRI only, the clinical MRI group had higher prevalence of the following: acute infarcts, chronic haematoma, subarachnoid haemorrhage, subdural haemorrhage, haemorrhagic transformation, and hydrocephalus (each P &lt; .001). Quantitative WMH burden was significantly lower (P &lt; .001) and total brain volume significantly higher (P &lt; .001) in research MRI participants compared to other MRI groups. Prevalence of hypertension, self-reported cerebrovascular disease, congestive heart failure, dementia, and recent hospitalization (all P &lt; .001) and diabetes (P = .002) differed significantly across groups, with smaller proportions in the research MRI group.

Conclusion
In ageing populations, significant differences were observed in MRI metrics between research MRI and clinical MRI groups, and clinical health metric differences between research MRI, clinical MRI, and no-MRI groups.

Advances in knowledge
This questions whether research cohorts can adequately represent the greater ageing population undergoing imaging. These findings may also be useful to radiologists when interpreting neuroimaging of ageing.
The impact of burn injury on the central nervous system
Authors: Allahham Amira , Rowe Grant , Stevenson Andrew , Fear Mark W , Vallence Ann-Maree , Wood Fiona M 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Burn injuries can be devastating, with life-long impacts including an increased risk of hospitalization for a wide range of secondary morbidities. One area that remains not fully understood is the impact of burn trauma on the central nervous system (CNS). This review will outline the current findings on the physiological impact that burns have on the CNS and how this may contribute to the development of neural comorbidities including mental health conditions. This review highlights the damaging effects caused by burn injuries on the CNS, characterized by changes to metabolism, molecular damage to cells and their organelles, and disturbance to sensory, motor and cognitive functions in the CNS. This damage is likely initiated by the inflammatory response that accompanies burn injury, and it is often long-lasting. Treatments used to relieve the symptoms of damage to the CNS due to burn injury often target inflammatory pathways. However, there are non-invasive treatments for burn patients that target the functional and cognitive damage caused by the burn, including transcranial magnetic stimulation and virtual reality. Future research should focus on understanding the mechanisms that underpin the impact of a burn injury on the CNS, burn severity thresholds required to inflict damage to the CNS, and acute and long-term therapies to ameliorate deleterious CNS changes after a burn.
The BET inhibitor GNE-987 effectively induces anti-cancer effects in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia by targeting enhancer regulated genes
Authors: Yu Juanjuan , Yang Yang , Zhou Rongfang , Tao Yanfang , Zhu Frank , Jiao Wanyan , Zhang Zimu , Ji Tongting , Li Tiandan , Fang Fang , Xie Yi , Wu Di , Zhuo Ran , Li Xiaolu , Chen Yanling , Yin Hongli , Wang Jianwei , Pan Jian 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is a highly aggressive hematologic malignancy originating from T progenitor cells. It accounts for 15% of childhood and 25% of adult ALL cases. GNE-987 is a novel chimeric molecule developed using proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTAC) technology for targeted therapy. It consists of a potent inhibitor of the bromodomain and extraterminal (BET) protein, as well as the E3 ubiquitin ligase Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL), which enables the effective induction of proteasomal degradation of BRD4. Although GNE-987 has shown persistent inhibition of cell proliferation and apoptosis, its specific antitumor activity in T-ALL remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the antitumor effect of GNE-987 in T-ALL. To achieve this, we employed technologies including RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) and CUT&Tag. The degradation of BET proteins, specifically BRD4, by GNE-987 has a profound impact on T-ALL cell. In in vivo experiments, sh-BRD4 lentivirus reduced T-ALL cell proliferation and invasion, extending the survival time of mice. The RNA-seq and CUT&Tag analyses provided further insights into the mechanism of action of GNE-987 in T-ALL. These analyses revealed that GNE-987 possesses the ability to suppress the expression of various genes associated with super-enhancers (SEs), including lymphoblastic leukemia 1 (LCK). By targeting these SE-associated genes, GNE-987 effectively inhibits the progression of T-ALL. Importantly, SE-related oncogenes like LCK were identified as critical targets of GNE-987. Based on these findings, GNE-987 holds promise as a potential novel candidate drug for the treatment of T-ALL.
Comparison of S100A8 and PRAME as biomarkers for distinguishing melanoma from melanocytic naevus: a case–control analysis
Authors: Hai Josephine , Meyer Summer N , Wong Samantha L , Li Yueju , Simmons Elanee , Miglioretti Diana , Fung Maxwell A , Kiuru Maija 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background
S100A8 is a melanoma biomarker expressed in the melanoma-associated epidermal keratinocytes, but its diagnostic utility has not been compared with other biomarkers, including PRAME.

Objectives
To compare the utility of S100A8 and PRAME immunohistochemistry (IHC) in the differential diagnosis of melanoma and naevi in a case–control study.

Methods
A previously described cohort of 209 melanomas (case samples) and naevi (control samples) dual-immunostained for S100A8 and PRAME were included. For S100A8, previously reported scores indicating the proportion of tumour-associated epidermis stained (0 = indeterminate; 1 = 0–4%; 2 = 5–25%; 3 = 26–50%; 4 = 51–75%; 5 = &gt; 75%) were utilized. PRAME IHC was reviewed by at least two reviewers and a consensus score assigned, with score indicating the proportion of tumour stained (0 = indeterminate; 1 = 0%; 2 = 1–50%; 3 = &gt; 50%). A positive test was defined as &gt; 50% staining.

Results
The area under the receiver operating characteristic curves for S100A8 (0.833) and PRAME (0.874) were not significantly different from each other (P = 0.22). The diagnostic sensitivity and specificity were 42.4% [95% confidence interval (CI) 32.6–52.8%] and 98.2% (95% CI 93.6–99.8%) for S100A8, and 79.8% (95% CI 70.5–87.2%) and 87.3% (95% CI 79.6–92.9%) for PRAME, respectively. A combined test requiring both S100A8 and PRAME IHC positivity had a sensitivity of 39.4% (95% CI 29.7–49.7%) and specificity of 99.1% (95% CI 95.0–100.0%).

Conclusions
S100A8 and PRAME have utility in the diagnostic workup of melanoma, with S100A8 being more specific and PRAME being more sensitive when using this threshold. Our findings suggest that these two immunohistochemical markers may favourably complement one another to improve the detection of melanoma.
Increased expression of complement C3c, iC3b, and cells containing CD11b or CD14 in experimentally induced psoriatic lesion
Authors: Rahkola Dina , Harvima Rauno J , Harvima Ilkka T 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease with a characteristic isomorphic reaction, i.e. the Köbner reaction, induced by slight epidermal trauma. In this study, the tape-stripping technique was used to induce the development of Köbner reaction in 18 subjects with psoriasis. Eight subjects developed a positive reaction. To study the early cellular changes, skin biopsies were taken at the baseline and subsequent time points of 2 h, 1 d, 3 d, and 7 d for the immunostaining of complement C3c, iC3b, and cells expressing complement receptor 3 (CD11b/CD18; a receptor of iC3b) or CD14. The results show that the positive Köbner reaction is associated with rapid (2 h–1 d) and sustained (3–7 d) increase in the expression of epidermal C3c and iC3b and dermal C3c. In addition, there was a positive correlation between CD11b+ and CD14+ cells in baseline and 2 h–1 d biopsies with a subsequent increase in CD11b+ and CD14+ cells in 3–7 d biopsies in the Köbner-positive group. In the Köbner-negative group, only a transient increase in epidermal iC3b at 2 h–1 d, as well as rapid (2 h–1 d) and sustained increase (3–7 d) in dermal iC3b and CD14+ cells, was observed. In experiments with cultured monolayer keratinocytes, a slight cell damage already at 30 mJ/cm2 ultraviolet B irradiation led to increased expression of C3c, but not iC3b. Therefore, there are marked differences between Köbner groups in respect to the expression of C3c, iC3b, and cells expressing CD11b or CD14. Of note is the rapid and sustained increase in epidermal C3c and iC3b in the positive Köbner reaction.
The ontogenesis and heterogeneity of basophils
Authors: Park Jiyeon , Kang Suk-Jo 
Published: February 2024

Summary
Basophils are the rarest leukocytes, but they have essential roles in protection against helminths, allergic disorders, autoimmune diseases, and some cancers. For years, the clinical significance of basophils has been neglected because of the lack of proper experimental tools to study them. The development of basophil-specific antibodies and animal models, along with genomic advances like single-cell transcriptomics, has greatly enhanced our understanding of basophil biology. Recent discoveries regarding basophils prompted us to write this review, emphasizing the basophil developmental pathway. In it, we chronologically examine the steps of basophil development in various species, which reveals the apparent advent of basophils predating IgE and basophil’s IgE-independent regulatory role in primitive vertebrates. Then, we cover studies of basophil development in adult bone marrow, and compare those of murine and human basophils, introducing newly identified basophil progenitors and mature basophil subsets, as well as the transcription factors that regulate the transitions between them. Last, we discuss the heterogeneity of tissue-resident basophils, which may develop through extramedullary hematopoiesis. We expect that this review will contribute to a deeper understanding of basophil biology from the intricate aspects of basophil development and differentiation, offering valuable insights for both researchers and clinicians.
South African flag sign to a giant coronary artery aneurysm
Authors: Rathinasamy Rakavi , Ghati Nirmal , Parakh Neeraj , Kumar Sanjeev , Bisoi Akshay Kumar , Arava Sudheer , Narang Rajiv , Bhargava Balram 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background
Coronary arteritis leading to aneurysm is one of the unusual presentations of IgG4-related disease. Acute myocardial infarction as a complication of IgG4-related giant coronary artery aneurysm is even rarer.

Case summary
We describe the case of a 56-year-old gentleman who presented to our institute with Canadian Cardiovascular Society (CCS) class III angina. His symptoms were persistent even with high-dose antianginal medications. He had an acute coronary syndrome two weeks back for which he was treated conservatively in a peripheral health centre. His 12-lead electrocardiogram at the time of the event was suggestive of high lateral ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (South African flag sign). His transthoracic echocardiography showed mild left ventricular dysfunction and a large echogenic mass lateral to the left ventricle. Coronary angiography followed by cardiac computed tomography revealed a giant pseudoaneurysm of the proximal and mid-left anterior descending coronary artery. FDG-PET scan showed significant metabolic activity in the aneurysm wall and mediastinal lymph nodes suggesting active inflammation. IgG4-related coronary arteritis was suspected, and the patient underwent aneurysmectomy and coronary artery bypass (CABG) surgery. The histopathology of the resected segment showed diffuse IgG4-secreting plasma cells confirming the diagnosis.

Discussion
Atherosclerosis is the most common cause of coronary aneurysms in adults. However, cardiologists should be aware of atypical causes like IgG4-related disease that can even present with acute coronary syndrome. Although multimodality imaging is beneficial during early evaluation, histopathological analysis is the cornerstone for the diagnosis of IgG4-related disease. The management involves both immunosuppressive medication and endovascular or surgical repair.