bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intrinsic Arteriovenous Malformation of the Trigeminal Nerve in a Patient with Trigeminal Neuralgia: Case Report
Authors: Karibe Hiroshi , Shirane Reizo , Jokura Hidefumi , Yoshimoto Takashi 
Published: December 2004

Abstract

OBJECTIVE AND IMPORTANCE:
Intrinsic arteriovenous malformation (AVM) of the trigeminal nerve is extremely uncommon and may be associated with trigeminal neuralgia.

CLINICAL PRESENTATION:
A 55-year-old man experienced severe lightning pain in the second and third divisions of the left trigeminal nerve territory. Vertebral angiography demonstrated an AVM fed by the superior cerebellar artery. Magnetic resonance imaging with three-dimensional spoiled gradient recalled acquisition at steady state revealed an AVM intrinsic to the left trigeminal nerve and a small arterial loop causing compression at the root entry zone of the trigeminal nerve.

INTERVENTION:
Intraoperative inspection revealed an indentation of the root entry zone caused by a small arterial loop but not by the AVM. The offending artery was displaced to decompress the root entry zone using a prosthesis without resection of the AVM. The patient was relieved of the neuralgia immediately after surgery without further neurological deficit. He has been free of trigeminal neuralgia during a follow-up period of 2 years and is scheduled to undergo stereotactic radiosurgery for the treatment of the AVM.

CONCLUSION:
Intrinsic AVM of the trigeminal nerve may cause trigeminal neuralgia. However, as in the present case, a coexistent vascular lesion rather than the intrinsic AVM could be a cause of the neuralgia.
Aggressive Intramedullary Melanotic Schwannoma: Case Report
Authors: Santaguida Carlo , Sabbagh Abdulrahman J. , Guiot Marie-Christine , Del Maestro Rolando F. 
Published: December 2004

Abstract

OBJECTIVE AND IMPORTANCE:
Intramedullary melanotic schwannomas are very rare lesions; only four cases have been reported previously. We describe a patient with an intramedullary melanotic schwannoma that had a more aggressive course than those reported in the literature, and we review the theories regarding the cause of these lesions.

CLINICAL PRESENTATION:
A 35-year-old man presented with neck stiffness and paraesthesia extending down his right arm upon neck extension. A magnetic resonance imaging scan revealed an intramedullary lesion extending from C4 to C5.

INTERVENTION:
Gross total resection of the mass was performed, and pathological characteristics were consistent with a melanotic schwannoma. Two years after resection the tumor recurred, and the patient was treated with radiation therapy. The tumor progressed 2 years after radiotherapy, and at repeat resection, multiple pigmented foci were present on the surface of the spinal cord and dura consistent with metastatic seeding.

CONCLUSION:
In a patient with intramedullary melanotic schwannoma with an unusually aggressive course, careful follow-up may be essential.
Enhancement of twitch force by stretch in a nerve-skeletal muscle preparation of the frogRana porosa brevipodaand the effects of temperature on it
Authors: Ishii Yoshiki , Watari Takashi , Tsuchiya Teizo 
Published: December 2004

SUMMARYWe investigated the mechanism of the enhancement of twitch force by stretch and the effects of temperature on it in nerve-skeletal muscle preparations of whole iliofibularis muscles isolated from the frog Rana brevipoda. When a preparation was stimulated indirectly and stretched, the twitch force after the stretch was enhanced remarkably in comparison to that observed before a stretch at low temperature. The enhanced force obtained by a stretch of 20% resting muscle length (l0) at low temperature was as high as the force obtained by direct stimulation. The phenomenon was not dependent on the velocity but on the amplitude of stretch. The enhanced force obeyed the length-force relationship when a stretch was long enough. The above results were observed when the frogs were kept at room temperature(20-22°C). Measurements were also taken at low temperature (4°C); when frogs were kept at low temperature for more than 2 months, twitch force obtained without stretch was considerably higher at l0. The amplitude of the action potential recorded extracellularly from the muscle surface increased remarkably after a stretch, but was same before and after a stretch when recorded from the nerve innervating muscle. The effects of temperature on twitch and tetanic force by direct or indirect stimulation without stretch were also studied as basic data of the stretch experiment. The results from this study suggest that stretch-induced force enhancement in a nerve-muscle preparation is caused by an increase in the transmission rate between nerve and muscle, and the amplitude of the enhanced force is determined by the length-force relationship of the muscle. The phenomenon is also strongly affected by the temperature at which the frogs are kept.
Neuronal and neurohormonal control of the heart in the stomatopod crustacean,Squilla oratoria
Authors: Ando Hiroshi , Kuwasawa Kiyoaki 
Published: December 2004

SUMMARYThe heart of Squilla oratoria contains a cardiac ganglion that consists of 15 intrinsic neurons, supplied by a pair of inhibitory nerves and two pairs of excitatory nerves, arising from the central nervous system. These comprise the extrinsic cardiac innervation. The paired cardio-inhibitor (CI)nerves run out in the 10th pair of nerve roots emerging from the subesophageal ganglion (SEG). The cell bodies of the CI neurons are found in the hemisphere of the 1st segment of the SEG contralateral to the nerve roots in which the CI axons emerge. The two pairs of 1st and 2nd cardio-accelerator (CA1 and CA2)nerves run out in the 16th and 19th pairs of nerve roots of the SEG. The cell bodies of the CA1 and CA2 neurons are found in the hemispheres of the 3rd and 4th segments of the SEG ipsilateral to the nerve roots in which the CA1 and CA2 axons are found.The heartbeat was activated by application of glutamate, serotonin,dopamine, octopamine or acetylcholine, which were applied to the heart by perfusion into an organ bath. Joro-spider toxin (JSTX) blocked myocardial excitatory junctional potentials evoked by the cardiac ganglion. Neuronal cell bodies and processes in the heart were examined using immunocytochemical techniques. All 15 neurons of the cardiac ganglion showed glutamate-like immunoreactivity. Glutamate may be a neurotransmitter of the cardiac ganglion neurons.JSTX also blocked cardiac acceleration by activation of CA1 and CA2 axons. CA1 and CA2 axons showed glutamate-like immunoreactivity. It is likely that glutamate is a neurotransmitter for the cardio-acceleratory neurons.The heartbeat was inhibited by application of γ-amino-butyric acid(GABA). Cardiac inhibition induced by activation of CI axons was blocked by picrotoxin. CI axons showed GABA-like immunoreactivity. These results may support the identification of GABA as an extrinsic inhibitory neurotransmitter.
Submaximal power output from the dorsolongitudinal flight muscles of the hawkmothManduca sexta
Authors: Tu Michael S. , Daniel Thomas L. 
Published: December 2004

SUMMARYTo assess the extent to which the power output of a synchronous insect flight muscle is maximized during flight, we compared the maximum potential power output of the mesothoracic dorsolongitudinal (dl1) muscles of Manduca sexta to their power output in vivo. Holding temperature and cycle frequency constant at 36°C and 25 Hz, respectively,we varied the phase of activation, mean length and strain amplitude. Under in vivo conditions measured in tethered flight, the dl1muscles generated only 40–67% of their maximum potential power output. Compared to the in vivo phase of activation, the phase that maximized power output was advanced by 12% of the cycle period, and the length that maximized power output was 10% longer than the in vivo operating length.
Anatomy of a live invertebrate revealed by manganese-enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Herberholz Jens , Mims Christopher J. , Zhang Xiaodong , Hu Xiaoping , Edwards Donald H. 
Published: December 2004

SUMMARY
Non-invasive imaging technologies such as Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)are increasingly in demand by researchers in many biological disciplines. However, when imaging small animals such as invertebrates, not only is the use of high-field magnets necessary to gain satisfactory spatial resolution, but the achievement of adequate contrast between tissues also requires the identification of applicable imaging parameters by means of expensive and time-consuming procedures. Here we report that systemically administered manganese can act as an effective MRI contrast agent for quick and non-invasive imaging of the nervous system and other complex anatomical structures in a small aquatic animal. Due to the tendency of manganese ions to differentially accumulate in most soft tissues, higher overall signal intensity and strongly improved contrast between structures yield data well suited for digital post-processing into three-dimensional models. Within a few hours this technique can efficiently generate anatomical images that are not obtainable with conventional methods, thus demonstrating a new and exciting approach to invertebrate research.
Vestibular compensation in lampreys: restoration of symmetry in reticulospinal commands
Authors: Pavlova Elena L. , Popova Lyudmila B. , Orlovsky Grigori N. , Deliagina Tatiana G. 
Published: December 2004

SUMMARYRemoval of a vestibular organ (unilateral labyrinthectomy, UL) in the lamprey results in a loss of equilibrium, so that the animal rolls (rotates around its longitudinal axis) when swimming. Owing to vestibular compensation,UL animals gradually restore postural equilibrium and, in a few weeks, swim without rolling. Important elements of the postural network in the lamprey are the reticulospinal (RS) neurons, which are driven by vestibular input and transmit commands for postural corrections to the spinal cord. As shown previously, a loss of equilibrium after UL is associated with disappearance of vestibular responses in the contralateral group of RS neurons. Are these responses restored in animals after compensation? To answer this question, we recorded vestibular responses in RS neurons (elicited by rotation of the compensated animal in the roll plane) by means of chronically implanted electrodes. We found that the responses re-appeared in the compensated animals. This result supports the hypothesis that the loss of equilibrium after UL was caused by asymmetry in supraspinal motor commands, and the recovery of postural control in compensated animals was due to a restoration of symmetry.
Apolipoprotein C-III, n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids, and “Insulin-Resistant” T−455C APOC3 Gene Polymorphism in Heart Disease Patients: Example of Gene-Diet Interaction
Authors: Olivieri Oliviero , Martinelli Nicola , Sandri Marco , Bassi Antonella , Guarini Patrizia , Trabetti Elisabetta , Pizzolo Francesca , Girelli Domenico , Friso Simonetta , Pignatti Pier Franco , Corrocher Roberto 
Published: December 2004

AbstractBackground: Apolipoprotein C-III (apo C-III) is a marker of cardiovascular disease risk associated with triglyceride (TG)-rich lipoproteins. The T−455C polymorphism in the insulin-responsive element of the APOC3 gene influences TG and apo C-III concentrations. Long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) contained in fish have well-known apo C-III-lowering properties.Methods: We investigated the possibility of an interactive effect between the APOC3 gene variant and erythrocyte n-3 PUFAs, suitable markers of dietary intake of fatty acids, on apo C-III concentrations in a population of 848 heart disease patients who had coronary angiography.Results: In the population as a whole, apo C-III concentrations were significantly inversely correlated with total erythrocyte PUFAs, but the correlation was not significant when only −455CC homozygous individuals were taken into account. In the total population and in subgroups with the −455TT and −455CT genotypes, the relative proportions of individuals presenting with increased apo C-III (i.e., above the 75th percentile value calculated on the entire population after exclusion of individuals taking lipids-lowering medications) decreased progressively as the n-3 PUFA and docosahexaenoic acid concentrations increased. The opposite situation was observed in the homozygous −455CC subgroup, in whom increasing erythrocyte n-3 PUFA and docosahexaenoic acid concentrations were associated with higher proportions of individuals with high apo C-III. A formal interactive effect between genotype and n-3 PUFAs was confirmed even after adjustment for possible confounding variables [age, sex, body mass index, smoking, coronary artery disease (CAD)/CAD-free status, or use of lipid-lowering medications] by logistic models.Conclusion: Patients homozygous for the −455C APOC3 variant are poorly responsive to the apo C-III-lowering effects of n-3 PUFAs.
Urinary Excretion of Homocysteine-Thiolactone in Humans
Authors: Chwatko Grazyna , Jakubowski Hieronim 
Published: December 2004

AbstractBackground: A metabolite of homocysteine (Hcy), the thioester Hcy-thiolactone, has been implicated in coronary heart disease in humans. Because inadvertent reactions of Hcy-thiolactone with proteins can lead to cell and tissue damage, the ability to detoxify or eliminate Hcy-thiolactone is essential for biological integrity. We examined the hypothesis that the human body eliminates Hcy-thiolactone by urinary excretion.Methods: We used a sensitive HPLC method with postcolumn derivatization and fluorescence detection to examine Hcy-thiolactone concentrations in human urine and plasma.Results: We discovered a previously unknown pool of Hcy-thiolactone in human urine. Urinary concentrations of Hcy-thiolactone (11–485 nmol/L; n = 19) were ∼100-fold higher than those in plasma (&lt;0.1–22.6 nmol/L; n = 20). Urinary Hcy-thiolactone accounted for 2.5–28.3% of urinary total Hcy, whereas plasma Hcy-thiolactone accounted for &lt;0.002–0.29% of plasma total Hcy. Urinary concentrations of Hcy-thiolactone, but not of total Hcy, were negatively correlated with urinary pH. Clearance of Hcy-thiolactone, relative to creatinine, was 0.21–6.96. In contrast, relative clearance of Hcy was 0.001–0.003.Conclusions: The analytical methods described here can be used to quantify Hcy-thiolactone in biological fluids. Using these methods we showed that the human body eliminates Hcy-thiolactone by urinary excretion. Our data also suggest that the protonation status of its amino group affects Hcy-thiolactone excretion.
Expanding “Henry”: Fiction reading and its artifacts in a British literary society
Authors: Reed Adam 
Published: December 2004

ABSTRACTMembers of the Henry Williamson Society talk of what fiction reading does for them. Their experience of literature is connected to their appreciation of the author Henry Williamson as a central and mythic figure. How “Henry” is composed determines the kind of actors readers can be and also explains the capacities assigned to the Williamson artifacts—books and land—that they identify. In this article, I explore a theory of reading as relationship and examine the role of literature as an instrument of social agency. I focus on the relationships that society members draw out around solitary acts of reading and literary society activities, including the way they assign causation within a matrix of relations. As well as examining their culture of owning, reading, and displaying books, I investigate society members' appreciation of geographical location. The article aims to contribute to the development of anthropological theories of literature.
Ontologies of the image and economies of exchange
Authors: Myers Fred 
Published: December 2004

ABSTRACTIn the early 1970s, the Aboriginal artist and activist Wandjuk Marika asked the Australian government to investigate the unauthorized use of Yolngu clan designs on a variety of commodity forms, inaugurating a process of recognizing Indigenous ownership of “copyright” in such designs. This treatment of design—and of culture—as a form of property involves understandings and practices of materiality and subjectivity that differ from those informing indigenous, Aboriginal relationships to cultural production and circulation. In this article I explore the significance for material culture theory of recent work on and events in the development of notions of cultural property. One of my main concerns is the relevance of local understandings of objectification, or objectness, and human action—as embedded in object‐ideologies. I discuss the limited capacity of legal discourses of cultural property to capture and reflect the concerns of Indigenous Australians about their own relation to culture, to creativity, and to expression.
Text and performance in an African church: The Book, “live and direct”
Authors: Engelke Matthew 
Published: December 2004

ABSTRACTIn this article I examine textual authority and religious language in an African Christian church. Known as the Masowe weChishanu, members of this church refer to themselves as “the Christians who don't read the Bible.” I focus on how religious language in Masowe ritual highlights the performative nature of religious authority. In particular, I show how prophets in the church denigrate the role of religious text by working to create a “live and direct” connection to God through their sermons. Drawing on the ethnography of reading and ritual, and contributing to the newly emerging interest in an anthropology of Christianity, I show how Masowe recast the authority of the text as a political and religious object by making it unnecessary. The Bible becomes significant in its absence, challenging an understanding of scriptural religion as objectified in texts.
Incitements to desire: Sexual cultures and modernizing projects
Authors: Babb Florence E. 
Published: December 2004

ABSTRACTThis review essay considers recent work on sexuality and modernity, broadly conceived. Examining two studies from China and two from parts of Latin America, I suggest that fruitful research and writing is focusing on regions that are undergoing economic transitions marked by growing private sectors and market reform as a consequence of globalization. In these areas one finds both economic and sexual “opening up” to change, with diverse cultural and political implications at the local and the national levels.
Heteroglossia, “common sense,” and social memory
Authors: Smith Andrea L. 
Published: December 2004

ABSTRACTIn this article I analyze internally contradictory narratives articulated by former settlers of Algeria. By adopting a discourse‐centered approach to these stories of colonial assimilation, I show that what are often described as “commonsense” forms in popular memory can be viewed as examples of Bakhtinian heteroglossia. Passages from taped conversations illustrate multiple voices in dynamic interaction. Research in cognitive anthropology and psychology suggests that it is not unusual for individuals to retain multiple and conflicting viewpoints simultaneously. Narratives about the past may be especially multivocal, for reasons I discuss here. I reflect on implications of these insights for anthropological models of social memory.
The memorialization of September 11: Dominant and local discourses on the rebuilding of the World Trade Center site
Authors: Low Setha M. 
Published: December 2004

ABSTRACTAn inherent tension exists between the meanings of the World Trade Center site created by dominant political and economic players and the significance of the space for those who actually live near it. Most of the writing on and analysis of the site have focused on the construction of a memorial space for an imagined national and global community of visitors who identify with its broader, state‐produced meanings. But New Yorkers, in general, and downtown residents, in particular, bring to meaning making their own personal involvement in and knowledge of a located history that has social, political, and economic significance for their everyday lives. These meanings are as much a part of memorialization as the dominant players' political machinations and economic competition for space and status. Uncovering and eliciting these local memorial discourses is part of an ethnographic project that focuses on how personalized narratives of loss emerge and are manipulated within mass‐mediated representations of the World Trade Center space. My contribution to understanding how the memorial process works has been to analyze what downtown residents say about their experience of September 11 and its aftermath, to record their feelings about a memorial, and, in so doing, to contest, expand, and modify the dominant media and governmental representations of September 11 and its memorialization.
From being to becoming: Nüshu and sentiments in a Chinese rural community
Authors: Liu Fei‐wen 
Published: December 2004

ABSTRACTIn this article, I explore the sentiments of kelian (the miserable) that were accentuated in the Chinese literature written in a script called nüshu (female writing), which men could not read. Not known to the outside world until the 1980s when it was becoming extinct, nüshu was used for centuries by peasant women in Jiangyong County, Hunan Province, southern China. By examining the textual, contextual, and performative meanings of nüshu, I argue that sentiment is not only part of human phenomenological experience, but it also partakes in the way lives are defined, articulated, reflected, and reconfigured. In Jiangyong, sentiment was not merely a carrier of nüshu women's worldview or an embodiment of their existence as isolated and powerless beings in a Confucian–androcentric agrarian community. More importantly, it functioned as an energy flow that prompted inspiration and engagement—which these women needed to offset and transform their isolation and powerlessness. This research fills the void in understandings of peasant women's expressive traditions in rural China in the early 20th century. It also lends insights into the dialectical relations between human existence (perspective and lived reality, being and becoming, subjectivity and collectivity) and forms of emotional expression.
Disappearing youth: Youth as a social shifter in Botswana
Authors: Durham Deborah 
Published: December 2004

ABSTRACTIn this article, I explore the discourses of youth in Botswana, focusing the analysis on 1995 protests over the murder of a student. I argue that youth should be examined as a social shifter: When invoked, youth indexes sets of social relationships that are dynamic and constructed in the invocation. As people argue over who youth are and how they behave, they index shifting relationships of power and authority, responsibility and capability, agency and autonomy, and the moral configurations of society.
A passion for the nation: Masculinity, modernity, and nationalist struggle
Authors: Elliston Deborah 
Published: December 2004

ABSTRACTIn the mid‐1990s, young Polynesian men emerged at the frontlines of proindependence sentiment and mobilization in the Society Islands of France's “overseas territory,” French Polynesia. In this article, I ask why. In pursuing that question, I argue for the theoretical and empirical productivity of shifting the associations between masculinity and nationalist struggle out of the realm of common sense and into that of the sociological; that is, of moving away from the analytics of gender foundationalism and into interrogations of the very social processes through which gender differences, masculinities more specifically, are produced. Through ethnographic analysis of gendered labor practices and their mediation by and through households, I track how young men's positioning within those most local arenas of social action shaped their engagements with competing local formulations of “tradition” and “modernity” and, through those engagements, their commitments to large‐scale nationalist struggle.