bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Eye Movement Characteristics for Predicting a Transition to Psychosis: Longitudinal Changes and Implications
Authors: Zhang Dan , Xu Lihua , Liu Xu , Cui Huiru , Wei Yanyan , Zheng Wensi , Hong Yawen , Qian Zhenying , Hu Yegang , Tang Yingying , Li Chunbo , Liu Zhi , Chen Tao , Liu Haichun , Zhang Tianhong , Wang Jijun 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background and hypothesis
Substantive inquiry into the predictive power of eye movement (EM) features for clinical high-risk (CHR) conversion and their longitudinal trajectories is currently sparse. This study aimed to investigate the efficiency of machine learning predictive models relying on EM indices and examine the longitudinal alterations of these indices across the temporal continuum.

Study design
EM assessments (fixation stability, free-viewing, and smooth pursuit tasks) were performed on 140 CHR and 98 healthy control participants at baseline, followed by a 1-year longitudinal observational study. We adopted Cox regression analysis and constructed random forest prediction models. We also employed linear mixed-effects models (LMMs) to analyze longitudinal changes of indices while stratifying by group and time.

Study results
Of the 123 CHR participants who underwent a 1-year clinical follow-up, 25 progressed to full-blown psychosis, while 98 remained non-converters. Compared with the non-converters, the converters exhibited prolonged fixation durations, decreased saccade amplitudes during the free-viewing task; larger saccades, and reduced velocity gain during the smooth pursuit task. Furthermore, based on 4 baseline EM measures, a random forest model classified converters and non-converters with an accuracy of 0.776 (95% CI: 0.633, 0.882). Finally, LMMs demonstrated no significant longitudinal alterations in the aforementioned indices among converters after 1 year.

Conclusions
Aberrant EMs may precede psychosis onset and remain stable after 1 year, and applying eye-tracking technology combined with a modeling approach could potentially aid in predicting CHRs evolution into overt psychosis.
A trade-off between leaf hydraulic efficiency and safety across three xerophytic species in response to increased rock fragment content
Authors: Zhang Xiulong , Ma Shaowei , Hu Hui , Li Fanglan , Bao Weikai , Huang Long 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Limited information is available on the variation of plant leaf hydraulic traits in relation to soil rock fragment content (RFC), particularly for xerophytes native to rocky mountain areas. In this study, we conducted a field experiment with four gradients of RFC (0, 25, 50 and 75% ν ν−1) on three different xerophytic species (Sophora davidii, Cotinus szechuanensis and Bauhinia brachycarpa). We measured predawn and midday leaf water potential (Ψleaf), leaf hydraulic conductance (Kleaf), Ψleaf induced 50% loss of Kleaf (P50), pressure–volume curve traits and leaf structure. A consistent response of hydraulic traits to increased RFC was observed in three species. Kleaf showed a decrease, whereas P50 and turgor loss point (Ψtlp) became increasingly negative with increasing RFC. Thus, a clear trade-off between hydraulic efficiency and safety was observed in the xerophytic species. In all three species, the reduction in Kleaf was associated with an increase in leaf mass per area. In S. davidii, alterations in Kleaf and P50 were driven by leaf vein density (VLA) and Ψtlp. In C. szechuanensis, Ψtlp and VLA drove the changes in Kleaf and P50, respectively. In B. brachycarpa, changes in P50 were driven by VLA, whereas changes in both Kleaf and P50 were simultaneously influenced by Ψtlp. Our findings suggest that adaptation to increased rockiness necessarily implies a trade-off between leaf hydraulic efficiency and safety in xerophytic species. Additionally, the trade-off between leaf hydraulic efficiency and safety among xerophytic species is likely to result from processes occurring in the xylem and the outside-xylem hydraulic pathways. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the survival strategies and mechanisms of xerophytes in rocky soils, and provide a theoretical basis for the persistence of xerophytic species in areas with stony substrates.
Impact of Preoperative Symptom Duration on Patient-reported Outcomes After Minimally Invasive Transforaminal Interbody Fusion for Degenerative Spondylolisthesis
Authors: Hartman Timothy J. , Nie James W. , Anwar Fatima N. , Roca Andrea M. , Loya Alexandra C. , Medakkar Srinath S. , MacGregor Keith R. , Oyetayo Omolabake O. , Zheng Eileen , Federico Vincent P. , Massel Dustin H. , Sayari Arash J. , Lopez Gregory D. , Singh Kern 
Published: January 2024

Study Design:
Retrospective cohort study.

Objective:
To assess the impact of preoperative symptom duration (PSD) on patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) after minimally invasive (MIS) transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) for degenerative spondylolisthesis (DSpond).

Background:
A prolonged duration of preoperative symptoms may implicate inferior long-term outcomes postsurgery. Prior studies of lumbar fusion recipients are limited by the inclusion of heterogeneous populations.

Methods:
A single-surgeon registry was retrospectively queried for privately insured patients who had undergone primary, elective, single-level MIS-TLIF for DSpond with a recorded symptom start date. Cohorts were formed by PSD: shorter duration (PSD <1 y) or greater duration (GD; PSD ≥1 y). PROMs evaluated included Patient-reported Outcomes Measurement Information System–Physical Function, Oswestry Disability Index, Visual Analog Scale–Back, Visual Analog Scale–Leg, and 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire. The magnitude of PROM (∆PROM) improvement from preoperative baseline to 6 weeks and final follow-up (∆PROM-FF) were compared between cohorts. Intercohort achievement rates of a minimum clinically important difference in each PROM were compared.

Results:
A total of 133 patients included 85 patients with GD cohort. There were no significant differences in pre hoc demographics and perioperative characteristics between cohorts, as well as preoperative, 6-week, or final follow-up PROMs between cohorts. Both cohorts demonstrated significant improvement in all PROMs at 6 weeks and final follow-up (P ≤ 0.049, all). There were no significant intercohort differences demonstrated in minimum clinically important difference achievement rates, ∆PROM-6W, or ∆PROM-FF in any PROM.

Conclusions:
Regardless of the symptom duration before MIS-TLIF for DSpond, patients demonstrate significant improvement in physical function, pain, disability, and mental health. Patients with a GD of preoperative symptoms did not report inferior scores in any PROM domain. Patients with a GD of preoperative symptoms did not suffer inferior rates of clinically meaningful improvement after surgical intervention. These findings should be considered when counseling patients before surgical intervention for DSpond.
Prediction and Detection of Glaucomatous Visual Field Progression Using Deep Learning on Macular Optical Coherence Tomography
Authors: Huang Jonathan , Galal Galal , Mukhin Vladislav , Etemadi Mozziyar , Tanna Angelo P. 
Published: January 2024

Précis:
A deep learning model trained on macular OCT imaging studies detected clinically significant functional glaucoma progression and was also able to predict future progression.

Objective:
To use macular optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging to predict the future and detect concurrent visual field progression, respectively, using deep learning.

Design:
A retrospective cohort study.

Subjects:
A pretraining data set was comprised of 7,702,201 B-scan images from 151,389 macular OCT studies. The progression detection task included 3902 macular OCT imaging studies from 1534 eyes of 828 patients with glaucoma, and the progression prediction task included 1346 macular OCT studies from 1205 eyes of 784.

Methods:
A novel deep learning method was developed to detect glaucoma progression and predict future progression using macular OCT, based on self-supervised pretraining of a vision transformer (ViT) model on a large, unlabeled data set of OCT images. Glaucoma progression was defined as a mean deviation (MD) rate of change of ≤ −0.5 dB/year over 5 consecutive Humphrey visual field tests, and rapid progression was defined as MD change ≤ −1 dB/year.

Main Outcome Measures:
Diagnostic performance of the ViT model for prediction of future visual field progression and detection of concurrent visual field progression using area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), sensitivity, and specificity.

Results:
The model distinguished stable eyes from progressing eyes, achieving an AUC of 0.90 (95% CI, 0.88–0.91). Rapid progression was detected with an AUC of 0.92 (95% CI, 0.91–0.93). The model also demonstrated high predictive ability for forecasting future glaucoma progression, with an AUC of 0.85 (95% CI 0.83–0.87). Rapid progression was predicted with an AUC of 0.84 (95% CI 0.81–0.86).

Conclusions:
A deep learning model detected clinically significant functional glaucoma progression using macular OCT imaging studies and was also able to predict future progression. Early identification of patients undergoing glaucoma progression or at high risk for future progression may aid in clinical decision-making.
Technique of corneal allogenic ring segment preparation using femtosecond laser: preclinical study on human corneal grafts
Authors: Mechleb Nicole , Flamant Roxane , Panthier Christophe , Ghazal Wassim , Dubois Mathieu , Gatinel Damien , Saad Alain 
Published: January 2024

Purpose:
To describe a new technique for preparing corneal allogenic ring segments (CAIRSs) using femtosecond laser technology.

Setting:
Hospital Foundation Adolphe de Rothschild-Noémie de Rothschild institute, Paris, France.

Design:
Preclinical study conducted on human corneal grafts.

Methods:
The corneal grafts were mounted on an artificial chamber pressurizer (ACP) with preset constant pressure, and the FSL was used to create a circular annulus with specific dimensions. The resulting CAIRSs were analyzed for their thickness and width after air drying.

Results:
A total of 25 CAIRSs were prepared using the FSL. The mean width and thickness of the CAIRSs were 803 ± 77 μm and 83 ± 16 μm, respectively. Statistical analysis revealed no significant differences in width among the various quadrants of each CAIRS or between different CAIRSs. Significantly thicker CAIRSs were obtained with a higher ACP pressure.

Conclusions:
The technique of CAIRS preparation using FSL technology and controlled artificial anterior chamber pressure demonstrated reproducibility and precision. This approach holds the potential for customizing and personalizing CAIRSs based on individual corneal characteristics.
Unraveling the blood microbiome: novel insights into inflammasome responses in Crohn’s disease
Authors: Kirkik Duygu , Kalkanli Tas Sevgi , Tanoglu Alpaslan 
Published: January 2024

Objective
Crohn’s disease (CD), an inflammatory bowel disease with unknown etiology, is influenced by genetic, environmental, and immunological factors. This study aimed to analyze the blood microbiome and inflammasome responses, emphasizing NLRP3 protein expression and IL-1β and IL-18 plasma levels, between Crohn’s patients and healthy subjects.

Methods
A total of 40 volunteers were included in this study. The 16S rRNA technique was used to sequence the V3-V4 regions of the blood sample. NLRP3 protein levels in plasma were ascertained through Western Blot, and IL-1β and IL-18 plasma profiles were examined using ELISA.

Results
Analysis highlighted five unique phyla in patients’ plasma, emphasizing the role of the blood microbiome in CD. Compared to controls, Crohn’s patients exhibited elevated NLRP3 protein expression. Plasma IL-1β levels were diminished in patients (P = 0.0041), whereas IL-18 levels were comparably higher (P = 0.8209). In patients with CD, the presence of Staphylococcus sciuri in blood samples highlights its potential role in the disease’s onset. The study also underscored the interplay between dietary habits, specifically increased meat consumption, and the progression of CD.

Conclusion
Our pioneering research discerns the variations in the blood microbiome and inflammasome responses between Crohn’s patients and healthy individuals. Significant microbiome alterations and the detection of the Staphylococcus sciuri pathogen in Crohn’s patients were notable. The pronounced NLRP3 protein in patients suggests its potential as a diagnostic biomarker. Future explorations into IL-1β and IL-18 pathways promise to unveil innovative insights into CD.
Effect of cognitive behavior therapy based on the health education pathway on psychology of papillary thyroid carcinoma patients: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Zhao Chunyan , Diao Wei , Xu Xin , Li Lin , Jia Zhiyun 
Published: January 2024

Objectives
Our main aim was to explore whether cognitive behavior therapy based on the health education pathway (CBT-HEP) can effectively alleviate the distress, anxiety, and depression of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) patients after 131I treatment. In addition, we investigated the critical factors that can significantly affect the distress and quality of life in PTC patients before 131I treatment.

Methods
In total, 496 people were screened and 357 were enrolled, followed by randomization of those with a distress thermometer (DT) ≥4. Patients in the experimental group received CBT-HEP intervention, and patients in the control group were given casual conversation.

Results
The scores of DT, Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA) and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) in CBT-HEP group decreased gradually after intervention. In control group, DT scores decreased significantly, while HAMA and PHQ-9 scores did not change significantly.

Conclusion
CBT-HEP is effective in relieving distress, anxiety and depression in PTC patients. In addition, female sex, lifestyle, hypothyroidism, negative emotions, related symptoms, fear of tumor recurrence and radiation safety are the critical factors affecting mental health and quality of life.
Norms of prejudice: political identity and polarization
Authors: Amalia Alvarez-Benjumea , Winter Fabian , Zhang Nan 
Published: January 2024

The USA is fast becoming a ‘majority–minority’ country in which Whites will no longer comprise the numerically dominant racial group. Prior studies have linked Whites’ status decline to heightened in-group solidarity and the feeling that Whites, as a group, face growing discrimination. In the light of these findings, we examine the extent to which a social norm controllinganti-White prejudiceis now discernible in the USA. Drawing from an original survey measuring Americans’ reactions to racially-offensive speech, we examine second-order beliefs about the social inappropriateness of offensive statements targeting White Americans. We find that White Americans (in comparison to non-Whites) are indeed more likely to profess a social norm governing anti-white prejudice. The pattern is most discernible among white Republicans whom we expect to be most fearful of demographic change.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Social norm change: drivers and consequences’.
Risk, sanctions and norm change: the formation and decay of social distancing norms
Authors: Vriens Eva , Andrighetto Giulia , Tummolini Luca 
Published: January 2024

Global challenges like the climate crisis and pandemic outbreaks require collective responses where people quickly adapt to changing circumstances. Social norms are potential solutions, but only if they themselves are flexible enough. The COVID-19 pandemic provided a unique opportunity to study norm formation and decay in real-world contexts. We tracked empirical and normative expectations about social distancing and empirical and normative expectations of sanctioning from June 2021 to February 2022 to explore how norms and meta norms evolved as COVID-19 risk decreased and increased. We found that norms and meta norms partially coevolve with risk dynamics, although they recover with some delay. This implies that norms should be enforced as soon as risk increases. We therefore tested how sanctioning intentions vary for different hypothetical norms and find them to increase with a clear meta norm of sanctioning, yet decrease with a clear social norm of distance. In conclusion, social norms evolve spontaneously with changing risk, but might not be adaptive enough when the lack of meta norms of sanctioning introduce tolerance for norm violations. Moreover, norm nudges can potentially have negative externalities if strengthening the social norm increases tolerance for norm violations. These results put some limits to social norms as solutions to guide behaviour under risk.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Social norm change: drivers and consequences’.
OPA1 protects intervertebral disc and knee joint health in aged mice by maintaining the structure and metabolic functions of mitochondria
Authors: Madhu Vedavathi , Hernandaz-Meadows Miriam , Coleman Ashley , Sao Kimheak , Inguito Kameron , Haslam Owen , Boneski Paige K , Sesaki Hiromi , Collins John A , Risbud Makarand V. 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACTDue to their glycolytic nature and limited vascularity, nucleus pulposus (NP) cells of the intervertebral disc and articular chondrocytes were long thought to have minimal reliance on mitochondrial function. Recent studies have challenged this long-held view and highlighted the increasingly important role of mitochondria in the physiology of these tissues. We investigated the role of mitochondrial fusion protein OPA1 in maintaining the spine and knee joint health in aging mice. OPA1 knockdown in NP cells altered mitochondrial size and cristae shape and increased the oxygen consumption rate without affecting ATP synthesis. OPA1 governed the morphology of multiple organelles, and its loss resulted in the dysregulation of NP cell autophagy. Metabolic profiling and13C-flux analyses revealed TCA cycle anaplerosis and altered metabolism in OPA1-deficient NP cells. Noteworthy,Opa1AcanCreERT2mice showed age- dependent disc, and cartilage degeneration and vertebral osteopenia. Our findings suggest that OPA1 regulation of mitochondrial dynamics and multi-organelle interactions is critical in preserving metabolic homeostasis of disc and cartilage.TeaserOPA1 is necessary for the maintenance of intervertebral disc and knee joint health in aging mice
Deaths induced by compassionate use of hydroxychloroquine during the first COVID-19 wave: the devil is in the details
Authors: Beaudart Charlotte , Douxfils Jonathan , Musuamba Flora , Dogné Jean-Michel 
Published: January 2024

AbstractSeveral trials of different designs were conducted to investigate the efficacy and safety of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) for the prevention and/or the treatment of COVID-19 patients. Recently, it has been reported that HCQ might have been associated with an excess of 16,990 deaths during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in 6 countries. Such attributable risk analysis is associated with many limitations. These previous findings did not adequately address dose-subgroup and sensitivity analyses which precludes any overall firm conclusions on in-hospital mortality attributable to HCQ.We performed a meta-analysis and proposed a stratification by doses of HCQ. By pooling studies employing HCQ doses < or = 2400mg/5 days (i.e., k=12, n patients treated with HCQ=947, n controls=745), an OR of 0.94 (95%CI 0.56; 1.59) was found, indicating no increase in the mortality rate anymore. Importantly, there was no significant reduction in mortality rate with HCQ at < or = 2400mg/5 days neither. The same observation held true when pooling studies employing HCQ doses < or = 4800mg/5 days (i.e., k=25, n patients treated with HCQ=1672, n controls=1479) with an OR of 0.97 (95% CI 0.73; 1.29). Only high dose regimens of HCQ are associated with a significant increase in mortality.Applying an excess of mortality in the population treated with doses where no increase of mortality is found creates a misleading overestimation of deaths associated with the use of HCQ in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. On the other hand, even at low doses HCQ regimen, no reduction in mortality with HCQ was observed suggesting that, when it comes to mortality as the outcome, HCQ did not show a benefit in hospitalized patients suffering from COVID-19. This mainly justifies the past and still up-to-date recommendations and guidelines to not use HCQ in this indication.
Predicting response to immune checkpoint blockade therapy among mismatch repair-deficient patients using mutational signatures
Authors: Gulhan Doga C. , Viswanadham Vinay , Muyas Francesc , Jin Hu , Foote Michael B , Lee Jake June-Koo , Barras David , Jung Youngsook L. , Ljungstrom Viktor , Rousseau Benoit , Galor Alon , Diplas Bill H , Maron Steven B , Cleary James M. , Cortés-Ciriano Isidro , Park Peter J. 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACTDespite the overall efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) for mismatch repair deficiency (MMRD) across tumor types, a sizable fraction of patients with MMRD still do not respond to ICB. We performed mutational signature analysis of panel sequencing data (n = 95) from MMRD cases treated with ICB. We discover that T>C-rich single base substitution (SBS) signatures—SBS26 and SBS54 from the COSMIC Mutational Signatures catalog—identify MMRD patients with significantly shorter overall survival. Tumors with a high burden of SBS26 show over-expression and enriched mutations of genes involved in double-strand break repair and other DNA repair pathways. They also display chromosomal instability (CIN), likely related to replication fork instability, leading to copy number losses that trigger immune evasion. SBS54 is associated with transcriptional activity and not with CIN, defining a distinct subtype. Consistently, cancer cell lines with a high burden of SBS26 and SBS54 are sensitive to treatments targeting pathways related to their proposed etiology. Together, our analysis offers an explanation for the heterogeneous responses to ICB among MMRD patients and supports an SBS signature-based predictor as a prognostic biomarker for differential ICB response.