bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contagion effects of the bank of new England's failure
Authors: Madura Jeff , Bartunek Kenneth 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThis paper considers the effects of the Bank of New England's failure on other banks. It is hypothesized that the more a bank's asset portfolio resembles that of the Bank of New England the more negative the response should be. The responses of different bank groups are considered, as a major factor in the Bank of New England's failure was a decline in real estate values which is often a regionalized phenomenon, over a series of announcements on the Bank of New England using a seemingly unrelated regression framework. The evidence indicates that some announcements cause bank share prices to decline significantly, particularly those in the New England area which may be expected to have asset portfolios which most closely resemble that of the Bank of New England. Finally, a cross‐sectional regression is used to determine if the bank's responses to the announcements are related to their loan to asset or capital to asset ratios. Only the latter appear to be significant for a few announcements.
Accounting data and the prediction of risk in the extremes
Authors: Ismail Badr E. , Kim Moon K. , Kirk Florence R. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractIn portfolio formation, the systematic risk of a security is of fundamental importance. In the traditional asset‐pricing model, the concept of beta represents anticipated systematic risk which, to be useful in the real‐world portfolio formation, can only be estimated by currently‐available data.Prior research has revealed variation in the reliability of the prediction of beta across the risk spectrum. In this paper we focus on beta prediction in the extreme risk categories and consider the predictive contribution of accounting information across the risk spectrum. Our empirical model utilizes accounting risk measures, shown to be related to sample‐wide average betas in prior research, and incorporates the intertemporal relationship between successive period betas in predicting next‐period betas.Our results provide evidence that inclusion of accounting risk measures, alone or in combination with market beta, substantially improves beta prediction for high risk securities, but not for low and medium risk securities. These results are consistent using either traditional OLS or analytically‐corrected (Bayesian‐adjusted) beta estimation techniques.
Rapid development of an unusual peat-accumulating ecosystem in the Chilean Altiplano
Authors: Earle Lisa R. , Warner Barry G. , Aravena Ramon 
Published: March 2003

AbstractStratigraphic relationships, radiocarbon dating, sediment and peat characteristics, and rates of peat and carbon accumulation from a soligenous peatland, or “bofedal,” in the Chilean Altiplano shows the peatland to be unusually young, dynamic, and sensitive to environmental changes. The site lies in the National Park Nevado de Tres Cruces in the puna desert grassland at an elevation of 4300 m a.s.l. Eight peat cores were extracted from a 1.75-km transect yielding a maximum of 3.6 m of organic sediment. Organic matter began to accumulate 1700–1100 cal yr B.P. under a progressively arid local climate, after a period when regional climate is believed to have been more humid than at present. Areas of greater relief and better drainage in the valley bottom eventually fostered the growth of a riparian cushion plant community after water flowing down the valley began to diminish. This led to rapid lateral expansion of the riparian peatland communities over open water in topographic depressions at a rate heretofore unprecedented in the peatland literature. It appears that development of the peatland has been encouraged by autoregulation of internal hydrology. The drainage impediment created by organic mass accumulation in lower-relief areas probably reduced the amount of water arriving at the lower reaches of the peatland. These areas have become progressively drier and have since died and oxidized. Through endogenous peat accumulation and a concomitant drainage impediment, the ecosystem has been migrating upstream over the past 50 years.
Comparison of climate model results with European vegetation and permafrost during oxygen isotope stage three
Authors: Alfano Mary Jo , Barron Eric J. , Pollard David , Huntley Brian , Allen Judy R. M. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractOxygen isotope stage 3 (OIS3), an interstade between approximately 60,000 and 25,000 yr B.P., presents an ideal opportunity to compare high-resolution climate simulations with the geologic record. To facilitate this comparison, the results of a mesoscale climate model (RegCM2) embedded in the GENESIS GCM are utilized to drive a vegetation model (BIOME 3.5). The BIOME output is then compared with OIS3 compilations derived from pollen. The simulated biomes agree well with the pollen-based biomes in southern Europe; however, disagreements occur in the northern part of the domain. The most striking mismatch involves the distribution of tundra. The models fail to have tundra extend to its observed position as far south as 50°N in central Europe during OIS3. The model also fails to have permafrost extend southward to its observed position between 50°N and 55°N in western Europe during OIS3. A variety of sensitivity experiments are performed to investigate these mismatches. These experiments demonstrate the importance of annual and summer temperatures and the length of the winter season in creating improved matches between the model results and the inferred distributions of vegetation and permafrost in northern Europe.
Paleohydrology of arid southeastern Maui, Hawaiian Islands, and its implications for prehistoric human settlement
Authors: Stock Jonathan , Coil James , Kirch Patrick V. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractArid slopes on the southeastern side of Maui are densely covered with archaeological remains of Hawaiian settlement from the late prehistoric to early postcontact period (ca. A.D. 1500–1860). Permanent habitation sites, agricultural features, and religious structures indicate perennial occupation and farming in a subregion called Kahikinui, yet there is presently no year-round water source. We explore the possibility that postcontact deforestation led to the loss of either (1) perennial channel flow or (2) perennial springs or seeps. To investigate the first possibility, we estimated ancient peak flows on 11 ephemeral channels in Kahikinui using field measurements and paleohydrology. Peak-flow estimates (3–230 m3/s) for a given drainage area are smaller than those for current perennial Maui streams, but are equivalent to gauged peak flows from ephemeral and intermittent streams in the driest regions of Hawai’i and Maui islands. This is consistent with the long-term absence of perennial channel flow in Kahikinui. On the other hand, others have shown that canopy fog-drip in Hawai’i can be greater than rainfall and thus a large part of groundwater recharge. Using isolated live remnants and snags, we estimate the former extent of the forest upstream from archaeological sites. We use rough estimates of the loss of fog-drip recharge caused by deforestation and apply a simple, steady-state hydrologic model to calculate potential groundwater table fall. These order-of-magnitude estimates indicate that groundwater could have fallen by a minimum of several meters, abandoning perennial seeps. This is consistent with archaeological evidence for former perennial seeps, such as stonewalls enclosing potential seeps to protect them. Although longer-term reductions in rainfall cannot be ruled out as a factor, deforestation and loss of fog-drip recharge are obvious and more immediate reasons for a recent loss of perennial water in Kahikinui, Maui.
Causes of model–data discrepancies in European climate during oxygen isotope stage 3 with insights from the last glacial maximum
Authors: Pollard David , Barron Eric J. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractOxygen isotope stage 3 (OIS 3), encompassing the long middle section of the last glacial interval, has been the focus of an intensive high-resolution climate modeling effort for Europe. These model simulations produce substantially colder climates than modern simulations; however, the temperatures appear warmer than many proxy indicators suggest. In order to evaluate the importance of the model boundary conditions, comparable simulations are completed for the last glacial maximum (LGM). The LGM simulation produces a much colder European continent than OIS 3, despite similarities in the specification of sea-surface temperatures (SSTs). Ice-sheet dimension is evidently a key factor in explaining the difference in European climates over the past 40,000 yr. However, underestimates in specified OIS 3 ice sheets cannot be invoked to explain the discrepancies, since data strongly indicate small ice-sheet extents at that time; this leaves errors in specified OIS 3 SSTs as the most likely cause.
Paleoecological and archaeological implications of a Late Pleistocene/Early Holocene record of vegetation and climate from the Pacific coastal plain of Panama
Authors: Piperno Dolores R. , Jones John G. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractA phytolith record from Monte Oscuro, a crater lake located 10 m above sea level on the Pacific coastal plain of Panama, shows that during the Late Pleistocene the lake bed was dry and savanna-like vegetation expanded at the expense of tropical deciduous forest, the modern potential vegetation. A significant reduction of precipitation below current levels was almost certainly required to effect the changes observed. Core sediment characteristics indicate that permanent inundation of the Monte Oscuro basin with water occurred at about 10,500 14C yr B.P. Pollen and phytolith records show that deciduous tropical forest expanded into the lake’s watershed during the early Holocene. Significant burning of the vegetation and increases of weedy plants at ca. 7500 to 7000 14C yr B.P. indicate disturbance, which most likely resulted from early human occupation of the seasonal tropical forest near Monte Oscuro and the development of slash-and-burn methods of cultivation.
Last interglacial beetle fauna from New Zealand
Authors: Marra Maureen J. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractFossil beetles from two last interglacial lake deposits from southern Wairarapa, central New Zealand are provisionally ascribed to marine oxygen isotope stages (MIS) 5a–e. Both assemblages represent ecological successions from lake margins to forest. The lower sample (MIS 5e) is characterized by species found today in northern New Zealand. These species, including Lorelus crassicornis, ‘Dasytes’ laticeps, Cryptobius nitidius, ‘Stenomalium’ sulcithorax, Psilocnaeia nana, and Microbrontes lineatus, represent a southward displacement from modern distributions by up to 700 km. Climate reconstruction indicates that temperatures at the time of deposition were 1.6–2.5°C warmer in the summer (January) and 2.3–3.2°C warmer in the winter (July) than at present. These results match local and regional pollen and phytolith findings of warmer, wetter conditions at the thermal maximum of the last interglaciation. In contrast, the upper sample is characterized by species that have widespread modern-day distributions. This indicates that modern conditions were attained later in MIS5, after the MIS 5e thermal maximum.
Minimal rearrangements of Sobolev functions: a new proof
Authors: Ferone Adele , Volpicelli Roberta 
Published: March 2003

We give an alternative proof of a theorem by Brothers and Ziemer concerning extremal functions in the Pólya–Szegö rearrangements inequality for Dirichlet type integrals.

Résumé
Nous donnons une autre démonstration d’un théorème de Brothers et Ziemer qui concerne les fonctions extremales dans l’inégalité de Pólya–Szegö pour les intégrales de Dirichlet.
Hyperphenylalaninemia reduces creatine kinase activity in the cerebral cortex of rats
Authors: Costabeber Elisa , Kessler Adriana , Severo Dutra‐Filho Carlos , de Souza Wyse Angela Terezinha , Wajner Moacir , Wannmacher Clóvis Milton Duval 
Published: March 2003

AbstractPhenylketonuria (PKU) is a metabolic disorder accumulating phenylalanine (Phe) and its metabolites in plasma and tissues of the patients. Considering that phenylalanine is the main neurotoxic metabolite, and brain energy homeostasis seems to be affected in phenylketonuria, our main objective was to investigate the effect of acute and chronic hyperphenylalaninemia (HPA) on creatine kinase (CK) activity in brain cortex of Wistar rats. Hyperphenylalaninemia was induced by subcutaneous administration of 5.2 μmol phenylalanine + 2.4 μmol α‐methylphenylalanine (phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) inhibitor)/g of body weight. We also investigated the in vitro effect of phenylalanine and/or α‐methylphenylalanine on creatine kinase activity in the brain cortex of non‐treated rats. The results showed that phenylalanine significantly inhibited creatine kinase activity in vitro and reduced the enzyme activity in vivo. Considering the importance of creatine kinase for the maintenance of energy homeostasis in brain, if this enzyme inhibition also occurs in phenylketonuric patients, it is possible that creatine kinase inhibition may be one of the mechanisms by which phenylalanine is neurotoxic in phenylketonuria.
Age‐related differences in NMDA/metabotropic glutamate receptor binding in rat substantia nigra
Authors: Hedberg Thomas G. , Velı́šková Jana , Sperber Ellen F. , Nunes Magda L. , Moshé Solomon L. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBoth N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate (NMDA) and quisqualate/AMPA‐insensitive metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptors mediate glutamate neurotransmission in substantia nigra (SN). In this work, NMDA and mGlu receptor sites in substantia nigra pars compacta (SNC) and pars reticulata were autoradiographically mapped in rat brains using specific binding of (+)3H‐MK801 or 3H‐glutamate, with saturating concentrations of NMDA, AMPA and quisqualate. In brains of both adult and postnatal day 15 (PN15) male rats, prepared at subjective mid‐day of a 12 h light/12 h dark (12 h L/12 h D) cycle, specific binding at NMDA and mGlu sites in substantia nigra was pronounced when compared with control binding. The (+)3H‐MK801 binding in adults was spatially heterogeneous. Overall binding density in pars compacta was higher relative to binding density in pars reticulata with a mean percent change () of 32%. Within the pars reticulata but not pars compacta, there were rostro‐caudal differences with considerably denser binding in the posterior compared with the anterior pars reticulata (). PN15 rats showed a less pronounced heterogeneity in pars compacta versus pars reticulata binding, (), and less rostro‐caudal differentiation in (+)3H‐MK801 binding density throughout pars reticulata (). 3H‐glutamate binding in both adult and PN15 rats was less dense overall than (+)3H‐MK801 binding. In adults, there was no difference in binding density between pars compacta and pars reticulata (), but there were marked heterogeneities when binding was compared between anterior versus posterior pars compacta (), and anterior versus posterior pars reticulata (). This rostro‐caudal heterogeneity in 3H‐glutamate binding density was also present in PN15 pars compacta () but not in pars reticulata. Our findings mirror similar anterior/posterior heterogeneities in the GABAergic system in adult and PN15 male rats and may reflect a developmental change in both the structure and anticonvulsant/proconvulsant properties of substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNR) with age.
l‐Arginine and mitomycin C‐induced nitric oxide release and apoptosis in human lymphocytes
Authors: Erden Ceyda Damla , Ekmekci Abdullah , Şahin Feride Iffet , Ergün Mehmet Ali , Öztürk Güler , Erbas Deniz 
Published: March 2003

AbstractNitric oxide (NO) is a free radical that is produced by a number of mammalian cell types from l‐arginine and a critical mediator that acts in many tissues to regulate a diverse range of physiological processes. The major metabolic end product for NO is nitrate (NO3) and nitrite (NO2), which are stable metabolites within tissue, plasma, and urine. Measurements of nitrate and nitrite values reveal alterations in NO production. Endogenously generated or exogenously applied NO causes DNA cleavage by endonuclease activation.We investigated the effect of l‐arginine and mitomycin C (MMC) on cultured lymphocytes of healthy individuals. We observed chromosome breaks, apoptotic cells and increased NO levels after l‐arginine and MMC addition. In conclusion, our results confirmed that NO may be the cause of apoptotic cell death in l‐arginine added lymphocyte culture.
Transoral versus Extraoral Reduction of Mandible Fractures: A Comparison of Complication Rates and other Factors
Authors: Toma Vincent S. , Mathog Robert H. , Toma Roger S. , Meleca Robert J. 
Published: March 2003

OBJECTIVEThis retrospective study evaluates results and complications of the transoral and extraoral approaches for open reduction and internal fixation of mandibular body, angle, and ramus fractures. Our aim was to describe advantages and disadvantages of the techniques and to develop criteria for choosing between surgical approaches.STUDY DESIGN AND SETTINGA retrospective chart review was performed on patients with mandible fractures occurring between August 1999 and October 2001 at a level I trauma center. Only mandibular body, angle, and ramus fractures requiring open reduction were selected for this study. Cases were evaluated for cause, age, gender, dentition, site and extent of fractures, surgical approach, postoperative complications, operative time, and postoperative occlusion.RESULTSOf the 227 patients with mandibular fractures, 78 had body, angle, or ramus fractures requiring open reduction. Of these, 36 were treated extraorally, and 42 were treated transorally. Criteria for selecting one procedure over another often involved training and surgeon experience and those factors normally considered important in defining the difficulty of treatment and prognosis of the patient. Seven of the 42 patients were converted from a transoral to an extraoral approach because of inadequate exposure. Similar complication rates occurred for the transoral and extraoral approaches, but because of the time required for converting from the transoral to extraoral approach, the average operative time was found to be increased in patients undergoing the transoral approach.CONCLUSION AND SIGNIFICANCEDecisions regarding treatment approaches for open reduction of mandible fractures often relate to surgeon experience and training, modified by factors that can affect uncomplicated healing such as fracture locations and displacement, comminution of the fracture, infection, dentition, and atrophic changes of the mandible. In some cases, the choice is affected by availability of equipment and experience of operating room personnel. More difficult cases involving an edentulous, atrophic mandible or comminution should be considered for extraoral exposure.
“Balanced” Orbital Decompression for Severe Graves' Orbitopathy: Technique with Treatment Algorithm
Authors: Ashutosh Kacker , Michael Kazim , Mark Murphy , Stephen Trokel , Lanny G. Close 
Published: March 2003

BACKGROUNDGraves' orbitopathy can produce proptosis, compressive optic neuropathy, and extraocular motility abnormalities; symptoms result from an increase in orbital volume due to expansion of intraorbital fat, with or without extraocular muscle involvement.STUDY DESIGNWe conducted a chart review of patients who underwent orbital decompression to treat Graves' orbitopathy. Twenty‐two orbits (13 patients) underwent orbital bone decompression, of which 17 orbits (9 patients) underwent the combined medial and lateral “balanced” decompression.RESULTSAll patients had significant improvement with an average decrease in proptosis of 5.9 mm in the balanced decompression group. Restoration of normal optic nerve function was achieved in all patients with compressive optic neuropathy. Diplopia was noted in 4 patients (30.7%) preoperatively. Two patients had new postoperative diplopia (15.35%).CONCLUSIONIn our experience, “balanced” decompression results in a reduction of proptosis and improved optic nerve function and has a low incidence of complications.
Partial Laryngectomy after Irradiation Failure
Authors: Yiotakis John , Stavroulaki Pelagia , Nikolopoulos Thomas , Manolopoulos Leonidas , Kandiloros Dimitrios , Ferekidis Eletherios , Adamopoulos George 
Published: March 2003

INTRODUCTIONRadiation therapy is often the first method of treating patients with early cancer of the glottis. There is a substantial failure rate among these patients. Total laryngectomy has usually been the means of treating patients with failure after radiation. In recent decades, partial laryngectomy has been used for salvage in such patients. This article will discuss the use of partial laryngectomy for radiation failure both from the oncologic result as well as the morbidity.PATIENTS AND METHODSBetween 1984 and 1995, 27 patients with early‐stage laryngeal carcinoma underwent salvage partial laryngectomy after irradiation failure. Vertical laryngectomy was performed in 18 patients (13 with T1 N0 and 5 with T2 N0) and horizontal‐supraglottic laryngectomy in 9 patients (3 with T1 N0, 1 with T2 N0, and 5 with T2 N1). The mean follow‐up was 4.1 years.RESULTSLocal control was obtained in 77.7% of patients with glottic lesions (T1: 84.6%; T2: 60%,P= NS) and in 55.5% of patients with supraglottic lesions (T1: 66.6%; T2: 50%;P= NS). There was no regional recurrence in the vertical laryngectomy group, whereas the regional control rate in the horizontal‐supraglottic laryngectomy group was 77.7%. Distant control was achieved in 94.4% of patients with glottic disease and in 77.7% of patients with supraglottic disease. The overall survival rate for glottic lesions was 88.8% (T1: 92.3%; T2:80%;P= NS) versus 66.6% for supraglottic lesions (T1: 100%; T2: 50%;P= NS).CONCLUSION AND SIGNIFICANCEVertical laryngectomy was not associated with an increased complication rate. Morbidity in the horizontal‐supraglottic laryngectomy group was higher, but a satisfactory functional outcome was obtained in all cases. Therefore, in early laryngeal cancer (glottic T1‐T2, supraglottic T1) partial laryngectomy can be performed with good expectation of cure and satisfactory laryngeal function. In T2 supraglottic lesions, the oncologic results are less satisfactory; further research is required for developing more efficient complimentary or alternative treatments modalities.
A Reliable Radiologic Landmark for the Facial Nerve in Axial Temporal Bone Computed Tomography Scans
Authors: Bance Manohar , Erb Jason 
Published: March 2003

OBJECTIVEWe sought to test the reliability of a radiologic marker in identifying the vertical portion of the facial nerve in axial computed tomography (CT) temporal bone scans.STUDY DESIGN AND SETTINGAt a tertiary care academic center, we used, with a random sample of 25 CT scans, a marker (the “B‐line”) to identify the facial nerve. The variations in distance from this marker to the facial nerve were measured.RESULTSThis marker, which consists of a tangent line extrapolated from the posterior border of the basal turn of the cochlea, fell within 1 mm of the facial nerve on average. The average distance from the midpoint of the posterior border of the basal turn of the cochlea to the facial nerve was 11 ± 1 mm.CONCLUSIONThis is a very reliable marker for the vertical portion of the facial nerve.SIGNIFICANCEThis marker can be used to rapidly find the facial nerve, even in diseased or postsurgical temporal bones.