bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DNA Fingerprinting of
Ralstonia paucula
by Infrequent-Restriction-Site PCR and Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA Analysis
Authors: Moissenet Didier , Vu-Thien Hoang , Benzerara Yahia , Arlet Guillaume 
Published: December 2003

ABSTRACT

Ralstonia paucula
(formerly CDC group IV c-2) is an environmental organism that can cause serious human infections, occasionally clusters of nosocomial infections. In the present work, 26 strains of
R. paucula
(4 from the American Centers for Disease Control and Prevention collection, 10 from the Belgian Laboratorium voor Microbiologie [LMG] collection, and 12 French clinical isolates) were analyzed with infrequent-restriction-site PCR and randomly amplified polymorphic DNA analysis. Both techniques accurately distinguished between collection strains. Two close patterns obtained for all the French isolates suggested a clonal strain. Two LMG collection strains originating from human sources in the United States also showed patterns close to those of French isolates.
Fine-Structure Molecular Typing of Irish
Helicobacter pylori
Isolates and Their Genetic Relatedness to Strains from Four Different Continents
Authors: Carroll Ian M. , Ahmed Niyaz , Beesley Sarah M. , Khan Aleem A. , Ghousunnissa Sheikh , Moráin Colm A. O , Smyth Cyril J. 
Published: December 2003

ABSTRACT

Genotyping of 74 Irish
Helicobacter pylori
isolates was performed at four different loci (
vacA
signal sequence and mid-region, insertion-deletion polymorphisms at the 3′ end of the
cag
pathogenicity island, and
cagA
). The predominant
vacA
alleles and insertion-deletion motifs suggest an ancestral relationship between Irish isolates and either specific East Asian or Northern European strains. In addition, fluorescent amplified fragment length polymorphism-PCR genotyping and phylogenetic analysis of 32 representative Irish
H. pylori
isolates and 22 isolates from four different continents demonstrated that the Irish
H. pylori
isolates examined were weakly clonal and showed some association with both European and Asian isolates. These three genotyping techniques show that Irish
H. pylori
isolates have distinctive features that may have evolved in this insular European population.
Evaluation of Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assays and a PCR Test for Detection of Shiga Toxins for Shiga Toxin-Producing
Escherichia coli
in Cattle Herds
Authors: Segura-Alvarez Monserrat , Richter Heinz , Conraths Franz J. , Geue Lutz 
Published: December 2003

ABSTRACT

Antigen capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) for the detection of Stx1 and/or Stx2 in cattle feces were validated in comparison to the Vero cell cytotoxicity neutralization test (as a “gold standard”) applied in the course of a monitoring program for Shiga toxin-producing
Escherichia coli
in German cattle herds as a prescreening test and compared to MK1/MK2 PCR as an alternative prescreening test.
Serologic and Genomic Characterization of a G12 Human Rotavirus in Thailand
Authors: Wakuda M. , Nagashima S. , Kobayashi N. , Pongsuwanna Y. , Taniguchi K. 
Published: December 2003

ABSTRACT
The G and P type specificity of the human rotavirus strain T-152 (G12P[9]) isolated in Thailand was serologically confirmed with G12-specific monoclonal antibodies prepared in this study by using a reference G12 strain, L26, as an immunizing antigen and a P[9]-specific monoclonal antibody, respectively. The genomic relationship of strain T-152 with representative human rotavirus strains was examined by means of Northern blot analysis. The results showed that T152 is closely related to strain AU-1 (G3P[9]). Gene 5 (NSP1 gene) of T152, which did not hybridize with those of any other strains examined, was characterized by sequence determination. The T152 NSP1 gene is 1,652 nucleotides in length, encodes 493 amino acids, and exhibits low identity to those of representative human and animal rotaviruses.
Cocirculation and Evolution of Two Lineages of Influenza B Viruses in Europe and Israel in the 2001-2002 Season
Authors: Chi X. Sherry , Bolar Trentice V. , Zhao Ping , Rappaport Ruth , Cheng Sheau-Mei 
Published: December 2003

ABSTRACT
Forty-nine influenza B virus isolates collected in Belgium, Finland, Spain, and Israel during the 2001-2002 winter season were categorized into either of two lineages, B/Yamagata/16/88 or B/Victoria/2/87, based on the phylogenetic studies of HA1 sequences. The data trace the geographic spread of B/Victoria/2/87-like viruses and support the emergence of B/Hong Kong/1351/02-like viruses, possibly due to selective advantages of reassortment.
Evaluation of a PCR-Based Universal Heteroduplex Generator Assay as a Tool for Rapid Detection of Multidrug-ResistantMycobacterium tuberculosisin Peru
Authors: Mayta Holger , Gilman Robert H. , Arenas Fanny , Valencia Teresa , Caviedes Luz , Montenegro Sonia H. , Ticona Eduardo , Ortiz Jaime , Chumpitaz Rosa , Evans Carlton A. , Williams Diana L. 
Published: December 2003

ABSTRACTMultidrug-resistant tuberculosis is an increasing health problem worldwide, especially in developing countries. The PCR-UHG-Rif assay, which detects mutations within therpoBgene associated with rifampin resistance, was evaluated for its ability and reliability to detect and identify drug-resistantMycobacterium tuberculosisin a developing country where tuberculosis is highly endemic.
False Identification of
Coccidioides immitis
: Do Molecular Methods Always Get It Right?
Authors: Millar B. Cherie , Jiru Xu , Walker Michael J. , Evans James P. , Moore John E. 
Published: December 2003

ABSTRACT

rRNA sequence analysis of a partial region of the 18S and 5.8S-internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) region of
Chrysosporium keratinophilum
highlights its potential molecular misidentification as
Coccidioides immitis
. Molecular identification of medically important fungi should not be based solely on sequence analysis of the 18S rRNA gene but should be confirmed by sequence analysis of an additional rRNA gene locus, such as the ITS region(s).
Diagnosis of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) by Detection of SARS Coronavirus Nucleocapsid Antibodies in an Antigen-Capturing Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
Authors: Shi Yuling , Yi Yanping , Li Ping , Kuang Tieji , Li Linhai , Dong Mei , Ma Qingjun , Cao Cheng 
Published: December 2003

ABSTRACT
Recombinant severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus nucleocapsid protein was employed to establish an antigen-capturing enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Antinucleocapsid protein antibodies could be detected in 68.4% of probable SARS patients 6 to 10 days after illness and in 89.6% of the patients 11 to 61 days after illness. No false-positive results were observed in 20 non-SARS fever patients, 24 non-SARS respiratory illness patients, and 20 health care workers. Among 940 other non-SARS clinical serum samples, only 1 was found to be weakly positive. This method provides a new, sensitive, and specific approach for SARS diagnosis.
First Report of Capsule Replacement among Electrophoretic Type 37
Neisseria meningitidis
Strains in Italy
Authors: Stefanelli Paola , Fazio Cecilia , Neri Arianna , Sofia Tonino , Mastrantonio Paola 
Published: December 2003

ABSTRACT

This report describes the C-to-B capsular switching in four
Neisseria meningitidis
strains belonging to the electrophoretic type 37 (ET-37) complex. In particular, one strain belonged to the new sequence type 1860, which was first detected in the year 2000 in Italy and is now frequently isolated. The presence of switched serogroup B strains deserves special attention if they prove as able to spread as their serogroup C progenitors belonging to the hypervirulent ET-37 complex.
Dissemination of Macrolide-Resistant
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Isolates Containing Both
erm
(B) and
mef
(A) in South Korea
Authors: Waites Ken B. , Jones Kellie E. , Kim Kyung Hyo , Moser Stephen A. , Johnson Crystal N. , Hollingshead Susan K. , Kang Eun-Suk , Hong Ki Sook , Benjamin William H. 
Published: December 2003

ABSTRACT

Macrolide resistance was detected in 64 of 77 (83.1%)
Streptococcus pneumoniae
isolates from South Korea. Seven (10.9%) isolates contained only
mef
(A), 32 (50%) contained only
erm
(B), and 25 (39.1%) contained
mef
(A) and
erm
(B). Nineteen isolates containing
mef
(A) and
erm
(B) belonged to serotype 19F, and seven isolates were identical to the Taiwan
19F
-14 clone.
Expression of Plasma Coagulase among Pathogenic
Candida
Species
Authors: Rodrigues Acácio Gonçalves , Pina-Vaz Cidália , Costa-de-Oliveira Sofia , Tavares Christina 
Published: December 2003

ABSTRACT

Candida
coagulase production was assessed by the classical tube test. All
Candida krusei
strains were coagulase negative, but most
C. albicans
and
C. tropicalis
strains can produce coagulase. Some strains agglutinated the Pastorex Staph-Plus reagent, probably because of antigen similarities to coagulase produced by
Staphylococcus aureus
that may cause mistakes in clinical laboratories.
Extraintestinal Pathogenic
Escherichia coli
as a Cause of Invasive Nonurinary Infections
Authors: Johnson James R. , Gajewski Abby , Lesse Alan J. , Russo Thomas A. 
Published: December 2003

ABSTRACT

Multiple
Escherichia coli
isolates from four adults with extraintestinal infections underwent molecular phylotyping and virulence profiling. A patient with secondary peritonitis had two low-virulence
E. coli
strains from phylogenetic groups A and D. In contrast, three patients with invasive extraurinary infections (septic arthritis/pyomyositis, nontraumatic meningitis/hematogenous osteomyelitis, and pneumonia) each had a single high-virulence phylogenetic group B2 strain resembling typical isolates causing urinary infection and/or sepsis, i.e., extraintestinal pathogenic
E. coli
.
Tracheopulmonary Myiasis Caused by a Mature Third-InstarCuterebraLarva: Case Report and Review
Authors: Cornet Muriel , Florent Martine , Lefebvre Aurélie , Wertheimer Christophe , Perez-Eid Claudine , Bangs Michael J. , Bouvet Anne 
Published: December 2003

ABSTRACTMyiasis is the infestation of vertebrate tissues with fly larvae (Diptera). Most human cases in North America are subcutaneous forms due toDermatobia hominisimported from Central and South America. Human cases of myiasis acquired in North America are rare and are primarily subdermal or ophthalmologic forms of infestation caused by early stages ofCuterebralarvae. We report an unusual case of tracheopulmonary myiasis, resulting from the in situ development of a mature cuterebrine larva associated with high eosinophilia. Only two other cases of tracheopulmonary cuterebrid myiasis have been reported in humans, and they are reviewed herein.Cuterebramyiasis (cuterebrosis) remains a rare and aberrant cause of tracheopulmonary disease and is a newly described cause of eosinophilia in humans.
Molecular Detection and Identification of Agents of Eumycetoma: Detailed Report of Two Cases
Authors: Ahmed Abdalla O. A. , Desplaces Nicole , Leonard Philippe , Goldstein Fred , De Hoog Sybren , Verbrugh Henri , van Belkum Alex 
Published: December 2003

ABSTRACTWe describe two cases of eumycetoma in the legs. The infections could not be adequately diagnosed by classical mycology, but the causative agents were successfully identified asMadurella mycetomatisby species-specific PCR and DNA sequencing.
Case of Keratitis Caused by an Uncommon
Fusarium
Species
Authors: Guarro Josep , Rubio Carmen , Gené Josepa , Cano Josep , Gil Joaquina , Benito Rafael , Moranderia M. José , Miguez Enrique 
Published: December 2003

ABSTRACT

Fusarium polyphialidicum
caused a corneal ulcer in a Spanish man. Diagnosis was established by a histopathological study and repeated cultures. The isolate was clearly resistant in vitro to the antifungal agents tested. This is the first case of human or animal mycosis by this rare fungus.
Trichosporon inkin
Peritonitis Treated with Caspofungin
Authors: Madariaga Miguel G. , Tenorio Allan , Proia Laurie 
Published: December 2003

ABSTRACT

Trichosporon inkin
is one of six pathogenic species of the genus
Trichosporon
and the etiologic agent of pubic white piedra.
Trichosporon
species have been reported as a cause of disseminated infections, particularly among immunosuppressed patients. We describe the third reported case of
T. inkin
peritonitis associated with peritoneal dialysis and the first to be treated with caspofungin.
Fatal Case of
Salmonella enterica
subsp.
arizonae
Gastroenteritis in an Infant with Microcephaly
Authors: Mahajan Rakesh Kumar , Khan Shoeb Akhtar , Chandel Dinesh Singh , Kumar Navin , Hans Charoo , Chaudhry Rama 
Published: December 2003

ABSTRACT

Salmonella enterica
subsp.
arizonae
is a common gut inhabitant of reptiles, with snakes as the most common reservoir. Though human cases due to this organism are exceedingly rare, it may infect young infants and immunocompromised individuals with a history of intimate associations with reptiles. Gastroenteritis is the most common presentation; others include peritonitis, pleuritis, osteomyelitis, meningitis, and bacteremia. We report a fatal case of
S. enterica
subsp.
arizonae
gastroenteritis in a 3-month-old child with microcephaly, with a review of earlier cases and problems encountered in identification of this rare human pathogen.
When is physician assisted suicide or euthanasia acceptable?
Authors: Frileux S , Lelièvre C , Muñoz Sastre M T , Mullet E , Sorum P C 
Published: December 2003

Objectives:To discover what factors affect lay people’s judgments of the acceptability of physician assisted suicide and euthanasia and how these factors interact.Design:Participants rated the acceptability of either physician assisted suicide or euthanasia for 72 patient vignettes with a five factor design—that is, all combinations of patient’s age (three levels); curability of illness (two levels); degree of suffering (two levels); patient’s mental status (two levels), and extent of patient’s requests for the procedure (three levels).Participants:Convenience sample of 66 young adults, 62 middle aged adults, and 66 older adults living in western France.Main measurements:In accordance with the functional theory of cognition of N H Anderson, main effects, and interactions among patient factors and participants’ characteristics were investigated by means of both graphs and ANOVA.Results:Patient requests were the most potent determinant of acceptability. Euthanasia was generally less acceptable than physician assisted suicide, but this difference disappeared when requests were repetitive. As their own age increased, participants placed more weight on patient age as a criterion of acceptability.Conclusions:People’s judgments concur with legislation to require a repetition of patients’ requests for a life ending act. Younger people, who frequently are decision makers for elderly relatives, place less emphasis on patient’s age itself than do older people.
The utilitarian argument for medical confidentiality: a pilot study of patients’ views
Authors: Jones C 
Published: December 2003

Objectives:To develop and pilot a questionnaire based assessment of the importance patients place on medical confidentiality, whether they support disclosure of confidential information to protect third parties, and whether they consider that this would impair full disclosure in medical consultations.Design:Questionnaire administered to 30 consecutive patients attending a GP surgery.Results:Overall patients valued confidentiality, felt that other patients might be deterred from seeking treatment if it were not guaranteed, but did not think that they would withhold information for this reason themselves.Conclusions:When presented with brief details of five clinical situations in which a breach of confidentiality might be considered, a clear majority of subjects believed that doctors should disclose information in two of the situations, but subjects were not confident that doctors would do so. In three situations, about half felt that disclosure was justified—these included the only scenario in which disclosure was clearly mandated by statute. There was little change in patients’ general attitude to confidentiality after considering the scenarios. However, the views expressed were often inconsistent with responses to the clinical scenarios, suggesting that complex opinions were not accurately reflected in the responses. The format of the questionnaire has been amended, and the study will be repeated with other groups of patients.
Priority setting in cardiac surgery: a survey of decision making and ethical issues
Authors: Ridderstolpe L , Collste G , Rutberg H , Åhlfeldt H 
Published: December 2003

Objectives:The aim of this study was to examine priority setting for coronary artery bypass surgery, and to provide an overview of decisions and rationales used in clinical practice.Method:Questionnaires were sent to all permanently employed cardiologists, cardiothoracic surgeons, and anaesthesiologists at nine Swedish hospitals performing adult cardiothoracic surgery.Results:A total of 208 physicians responded (a 44% return rate). There was considerable agreement concerning the criteria that should be used to set priorities for coronary artery bypass interventions (clusters of factors in synthesis). However, there was a lack of accord regarding the use of national guidelines for priority setting and risk indexes.Conclusions:Basic training and the strong support of ethical principles in priority setting are lacking. The respondents indicated a need for clearer guidelines and an open dialogue or discussion. The lack of generally acknowledged plans and guidelines for priority setting may result in unequal, conditional, and unfair treatment.
LA RUE DANS LA VILLE DE L'OCCIDENT MUSULMAN MÉDIÉVAL D'APRÈS LES SOURCES JURIDIQUES MALIKITES
Authors: Nejmeddine Hentati 
Published: December 2003

AbstractDans cet article, quatre thèmes ont retenu notre attention. Le premier concerne la place des problèmes de la construction et de la rue dans les sources juridiques malikites et son évolution historique. Le second se rattache à la terminologie de la voirie dans ces sources et aux genres de rues : rue privée, généralement étroite et non passante, pouvant être possédée par une personne ou deux ou par un groupe, rue publique, passante et relativement large, elle ne peut pas être possédée, mais elle a fait l'objet d'empiètements. C'est au problème de l'empiètement sur la rue et à l'attitude des juristes malikites sur ce problème que se rapporte le troisième thème de cet article. Si R. Brunschvig a taxé le fiqh malikite de laxisme vis-à-vis de l'empiètement sur la rue, nous avons pu démontrer que ce fiqh comporte deux options : une option laxiste qui prévalait généralement en Andalousie et une option rigide qui prévalait à Kairouan. Le quatrième thème concerne les retombées de ce phénomène sur le plan de la ville islamique. Nous cherchons à examiner aussi bien les théories orientalistes qui prônent l'option anarchiste dans le plan de la ville islamique que les théories qui tendent à faire l'éloge de ce genre de ville.
WHAT WAS AL-FĀRĀBĪ'S 'IMAMIC' CONSTITUTION?
Authors: Crone Patricia 
Published: December 2003

AbstractThis paper seeks to identify the nature of a constitution called 'imamic' by al-Fārābī in one of his lost works, according to Ibn Bāgga and Ibn Rušd. It argues that this constitution was simply the virtuous regime under a different name. Ibn Rušd, who identifies is it in somewhat puzzling terms, must have worked with corrupt version of al-Fārābī's passage. Already Todros Todrosi, who translated Ibn Rušd into Hebrew in the fourteenth century, tried to emend it. What follows is another attempt at the same.
PERSPEKTIVEN EINER COMPUTERGESTÜTZTEN ANALYSE DER QUR'ĀNISCHEN MORPHO-SYNTAX UND SATZ-SYNTAX IN KOLOMETRISCHER DARSTELLUNG
Authors: Edzard Lutz 
Published: December 2003

AbstractEn suivant des opinions émises par Gotthelf Bergsträsser et Angelika Neuwirth, nous explorons dans cet article la possibilité de présenter le texte coranique divisé en "kôlons", c'est-à-dire en brèves unités syntaxiques indépendantes. Concernant la méthode nous recourons au modèle de présentation du texte de l'Ancien Testament proposé par Wolfgang Richter (Biblia Hebraica Transcripta). Ainsi le texte coranique apparaît sous forme de colonnes parallèles en écriture arabe et en transcription. En partant du texte présenté de cette manière, nous proposons une analyse morpho-syntaxique automatisée du texte coranique. Dans ce cas aussi nous adaptons les résultats de la recherche informatique sur l'Ancien Testament effectuée par un groupe travaillant autour de Wolfgang Richter. Following proposals by Gotthelf Bergsträsser and Angelika Neuwirth, in this paper I will discuss what is involved in presenting the Qur' nic text in a "colometric" way, i.e. divided into small prosodic units that are syntactically independent. In so doing I follow the method applied in the presentation of the text of the Old Testament by Wolfgang Richter (Biblia Hebraica Transcripta). The text will appear in parallel columns, both in Arabic script and in transcription, in accordance with the said colometric division. Based on this presentation, a computer-aided approach to morpho-syntactic analysis will be developed. Again this will be oriented towards the results of research in computational linguistics done by a team working with Wolfgang Richter.
A dominant-negative mutant of C/EBPα, associated with acute myeloid leukemias, inhibits differentiation of myeloid and erythroid progenitors of man but not mouse
Authors: Schwieger Maike , Löhler Jürgen , Fischer Meike , Herwig Uwe , Tenen Daniel G. , Stocking Carol 
Published: December 2003

Abstract
The CCAAT/enhancer binding protein alpha (C/EBPα) is an essential transcription factor for granulocytic differentiation. C/EBPα mutations are found in approximately 8% of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients. Most of these mutations occur in the N-terminal coding region, resulting in a frame shift and the enhanced translation of a dominant-negative 30-kDa protein, which may be responsible for the differentiation block observed in AML. To test this hypothesis, we introduced a cDNA encoding an N-terminal mutated C/EBPα (mut10) into primary hematopoietic progenitors using a retroviral vector. Expression of mut10 in human CD34+ cord blood cells dramatically inhibited differentiation of both myeloid and erythroid lineages. Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated coexpression of both myeloid and erythroid markers in the immature transformed cells. Surprisingly, mut10 did not block myelocytic differentiation in murine progenitors but did alter their differentiation kinetics and clonogenicity. Experiments were performed to confirm that the differential effect of mut10 on murine and human progenitors was not due to species-specific differences in C/EBPα protein sequences, expression levels, or inefficient targeting of relevant cells. Taken together, our results underline the intrinsic differences between hematopoietic controls in mouse and human and support the hypothesis that mutations in CEBPA are critical events in the disruption of myeloid differentiation in AMLs. (Blood. 2004;103:2744-2752)