bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parsing reward sensitivity reveals distinct relationships with energy intake, metabolic markers, physical activity and fitness
Authors: Kiive Evelyn , Katus Urmeli , Eensoo Diva , Villa Inga , Mäestu Jarek , Veidebaum Toomas , Harro Jaanus 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Rewards are rewarding owing to their hedonic or metabolic value. Individual differences in sensitivity to rewards are predictive of mental health problems but may reflect variation in metabolic types. We have assessed the association of two distinguishable aspects of reward sensitivity, openness to rewards (the striving towards multiple rewards) and insatiability by reward (the strong pursuit and fixation to a particular reward), with measures of metabolism and activity in a longitudinal study of representative birth cohort samples. We used data of the Estonian Children Personality Behaviour and Health Study (original n = 1238) collected at age 15, 18 and 25. Reward sensitivity and physical activity were self-reported during a laboratory visit, when also blood sampling, measurement of blood pressure, height and weight, aerobic exercise testing and the diet interview, after the participants had kept food diary, took place. In the younger cohort, physical activity was also assessed by accelerometry at age 18 and 25. Across adolescence and young adulthood, openness to rewards was positively associated with physical activity and negatively with blood pressure and serum levels of glucose, insulin and cholesterol levels. In contrast, insatiability by reward was positively associated with serum triglyceride levels and negatively with energy intake and cardiorespiratory fitness. In conclusion, the two facets of reward sensitivity have a fairly different association with a variety of metabolic and health-related measures. This may explain the variable findings in literature, and suggests that individual differences in reward sensitivity are part of a complex physiological variability, including energy expenditure profiles.
A critical review of English medium instruction (EMI) teacher development in higher education: From 2018 to 2022
Authors: Wang Kailun , Yuan Rui , De Costa Peter I. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The past few years have witnessed an emergent growth of both academic and practical works on English medium instruction (EMI) teachers' professional development. This paper presents a critical analysis of 30 empirical studies on EMI teacher development in a wide range of higher educational settings from 2018 to 2022. Through a systematic process of paper selection and review, we have identified three general routes to EMI teacher development, namely: (1) formal training activities; (2) opportunities for teacher collaboration; and (3) self-initiated practices. For each route, we presented a critical appraisal of their design and implementation, as well as reported gains and challenges. Meanwhile, we also conducted a critical analysis of the methodological issues pertaining to the selected papers. Overall, we argue that EMI teacher development in higher education is largely construed as a hybrid, contested, and transformative enterprise featured by EMI teachers' constant boundary-crossing at different levels to seek professional growth in linguistic, pedagogical, cultural, and psychological domains. During this process, EMI teachers may encounter conflicted dispositions, power asymmetries, and individual contradictions. Such a process thus requires EMI teachers to rethink, reexamine, and reflect critically on their accustomed preconceptions and practices, in order to facilitate transformation and achieve sustainability in the long run. The review also presents implications for EMI teachers, teacher educators, policymakers, and researchers on effectively facilitating EMI teacher development in higher education.
Critical Raw Materials, the Net-Zero Transition and the ‘Securitization’ of the Trade and Climate Change Mitigation Nexus: Pinpointing Environmental Risks and Charting a New Path for Transnational Decarbonization
Authors: Leonelli Giulia Claudia 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The exercise of environmental ‘leverage’ via trade-related measures and trade in environmental goods offers opportunities to tackle the climate crisis and advance transnational decarbonization. Inward-looking, adversarial, and short-term national security-centred approaches, however, are disrupting the trade and climate change mitigation linkage. This article employs the race for critical raw materials and US and EU strategies to promote the net-zero transition at the domestic level as case studies to illustrate the environmental pitfalls of the ‘securitization’ of the trade and climate change mitigation nexus. The article demonstrates that the pursuit of strategic dominance in key net-zero sectors, attempts to exclude systemic rivals and reshore supply chains, opportunistic forms of friendshoring and loose agreement on regulatory means jeopardize recourse to environmental ‘leverage’ and undermine decarbonization at both national and transnational levels. This analysis casts a light on the inherent tension between national security and climate change mitigation. Taking stock of these findings, the article advocates a radically different approach to the governance of the trade and climate change mitigation nexus.
Contesting US hegemony: Pan-American infrastructure and South American visions of global transportation, 1880s–1890s
Authors: Peters Mario 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This article examines the significance of mobility and transportation infrastructure in the early development of pan-Americanism and the formation of a vision of global transportation in South America in the late nineteenth century. Focusing on the 1880s and 1890s, I explore the connection between transportation and the economic and cultural expansionism of the United States, pan-American debates on intercontinental steamship service and an inter-American railroad, and South American approaches to international transportation, which both included and transcended the Americas. My case study contributes to scholarship on the global history of mobility and transportation by showing how, despite the intention of the United States to establish hemispheric exclusivity and hegemony, transportation became a subject of multilateral cooperation. South American experts and diplomats, I argue, renegotiated and reinterpreted the meaning of pan-American infrastructure, integrating it into a broader vision of global transportation that positioned their countries more prominently in worldwide traffic networks.
What is the historical relationship between psychology and sleep science?
Authors: Wolfson Amy R. , Homer Kate , Cruickshank Jared , Chugg Carter , Davis Elijah , Boris Nathan , Larson Alyssa , Duraccio Kara M. , Kay Daniel B. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Psychologists and psychological research have shaped sleep and circadian science for over a century. Yet, psychology has not fully embraced sleep as a core area of inquiry, and sleep medicine has not distinctly acknowledged the foundational role psychology plays in understanding sleep and circadian rhythms. This Question Paper invites submissions exploring psychology’s profound impact on the study, measurement and intervention strategies in sleep and circadian science, as well as reciprocal influences. Manuscripts may include historiographies of key contributors, laboratory milestones, theoretical advancements and methodological innovations within a historical context. We aim to capture the full scope of sleep psychology from its origins to a vision of its future.
Hemispheric Asymmetry in Stratospheric Trends of HCl and Ozone: Impact of Chemical Feedback on Ozone Recovery
Authors: Chrysanthou Andreas , Dubé Kimberlee , Tegtmeier Susann , Chipperfield Martyn P. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractWe use trace gas profiles from Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment ‐ Fourier Transform Spectrometer (ACE‐FTS) satellite measurements and the TOMCAT three‐dimensional chemical transport model to diagnose stratospheric trends in O3, HCl and N2O. We find that the 2004–2021 ACE‐FTS trends exhibit a clear lower stratosphere (LS) interhemispheric asymmetry with positive (negative) O3 and N2O (HCl) trends in the Southern Hemisphere (SH), and trends of opposite sign in the Northern Hemisphere (NH). The trends are larger for the shorter time period of 2004–2018. TOMCAT qualitatively agrees with the ACE‐FTS LS N2O and HCl trends, confirming that transport variability drives such patterns, despite some discrepancies for O3. An additional model simulation is used to quantify the sensitivity of O3 to long‐term changes in chlorine and bromine and thus determine the chemical contribution of the spatially varying halogen trends to both observed and modeled O3 trends. Overall, the recent dynamically induced variation in mid‐latitude LS halogen abundance has, through chemical feedback, accentuated the O3 recovery signal in the SH and delayed it in the NH, reflecting the enhanced dynamical variability of the NH. These results further indicate the complexities that exist in the search for the signal of ozone recovery in the mid‐latitude LS.
Pediatric obesity and the risk of multiple sclerosis: a nationwide prospective cohort study
Authors: Hagman Emilia , Putri Resthie R. , Danielsson Pernilla , Marcus Claude 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Emerging evidence implies a link between high pediatric body mass index (BMI) and an increased risk of multiple sclerosis (MS). However, previous research suggests this association is only present for adolescent obesity and not childhood obesity. The present study aimed to assess the association between pediatric obesity and risk of developing MS, and to investigate if degree of obesity and age at obesity treatment initiation affects the risk. In a subgroup, response to obesity treatment on MS risk was assessed.

Methods
In this cohort study, patients aged 2–19 years from the Swedish Childhood Obesity Treatment Register (BORIS), and matched individuals from the general population were followed prospectively. MS was identified through the National Patient Register. Hazard ratios (HR) adjusted for parental MS were calculated.

Results
The study included 21,652 individuals with pediatric obesity and 102,187 general population comparators. The median age at follow-up was 21 (Q1, Q3 18, 25) years. The adjusted HR (95% CI) for developing MS in the pediatric obesity cohort was 2.28 (1.45–3.58). In stratified analyses, obesity class I was not associated with MS, HR = 1.34 (0.64–2.81), while the association between obesity class II and MS was strengthened, HR = 3.42 (1.89–6.19). MS was associated with both childhood obesity, HR = 3.16 (1.12–8.87), and adolescent obesity, HR = 2.12 (1.28–3.51). A decrease in BMI SDS was not associated with lower likelihood of MS, HR = 1.09 (0.92–1.29) per 0.25 BMI SDS unit decrease.

Conclusions
Both childhood and adolescent obesity are associated with an increased risk of MS. Moreover, a dose-response relationship between the degree of obesity and the risk of future MS was indicated, while response to pediatric obesity treatment did not affect the association, highlighting the importance of preventing high degree of obesity early in life.
Exploring the link between dietary inflammatory index, inflammatory biomarkers, and sleep quality in adults with obesity: a pilot investigation
Authors: Toğuç Hakan , Öngün Yılmaz Hande , Yaprak Bülent 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Objective
Obesity is known to be associated with inflammation and impaired sleep quality. In addition, the anti-inflammatory properties of the daily diet provide positive effects on health. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the inflammatory index of the diet consumed by people with obesity and inflammatory biomarkers and sleep quality.

Method
This study included 124 people with obesity (F: 75; M: 49) with a mean age of 42.20 ± 11.00 years, who presented to a dietary outpatient clinic in Malatya between November 2021 and May 2022. Three-day dietary intake records were collected to calculate Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) scores, which were then compared with inflammatory biomarkers, anthropometric measurements, and sleep quality measures.

Results
Among the biochemical parameters, C-reactive protein (CRP) was found to be significantly higher in the groups with higher DII score (p = 0.006), and CRP (r = 0.258; p = 0.004) and total cholesterol (r = −0.243; p = 0.007) increased significantly with increasing inflammatory score of the diet. As the inflammatory burden of the diet consumed by the participants increased, their Body Mass Index (BMI) also increased (p = 0.009). No significant correlation was found between DII and sleep quality (p = 0.348).

Conclusion
These findings suggest that an anti-inflammatory diet can effectively reduce inflammation and BMI in people with obesity, but has a limited effect on sleep quality. Therefore, it is recommended that dietitians integrate anti-inflammatory dietary strategies for people with obesity into their clinical practice.
Phase separation of a microtubule plus-end tracking protein into a fluid fractal network
Authors: Czub Mateusz P. , Uliana Federico , Grubić Tarik , Padeste Celestino , Rosowski Kathryn A. , Lorenz Charlotta , Dufresne Eric R. , Menzel Andreas , Vakonakis Ioannis , Gasser Urs , Steinmetz Michel O. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Microtubule plus-end tracking proteins (+TIPs) participate in nearly all microtubule-based cellular processes and have recently been proposed to function as liquid condensates. However, their formation and internal organization remain poorly understood. Here, we have study the phase separation of Bik1, a CLIP-170 family member and key +TIP involved in budding yeast cell division. Bik1 is a dimer with a rod-shaped conformation primarily defined by its central coiled-coil domain. Its liquid condensation likely involves the formation of higher-order oligomers that phase separate in a manner dependent on the protein’s N-terminal CAP-Gly domain and C-terminal EEY/F-like motif. This process is accompanied by conformational rearrangements in Bik1, leading to at least a two-fold increase in multivalent interactions between its folded and disordered domains. Unlike classical liquids, Bik1 condensates exhibit a heterogeneous, fractal supramolecular structure with protein- and solvent-rich regions. This structural evidence supports recent percolation-based models of biomolecular condensates. Together, our findings offer insights into the structure, dynamic rearrangement, and organization of a complex, oligomeric, and multidomain protein in both dilute and condensed states. Our experimental framework can be applied to other biomolecular condensates, including more complex +TIP networks.
Condensate droplet roaming on nanostructured superhydrophobic surfaces
Authors: Lam Cheuk Wing Edmond , Regulagadda Kartik , Donati Matteo , Tripathy Abinash , Pal Gopal Chandra , Sharma Chander Shekhar , Milionis Athanasios , Poulikakos Dimos 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Jumping of coalescing condensate droplets from superhydrophobic surfaces is an interesting phenomenon which yields marked heat transfer enhancement over the more explored gravity-driven droplet removal mode in surface condensation, a phase change process of central interest to applications ranging from energy to water harvesting. However, when condensate microdroplets coalesce, they can also spontaneously propel themselves omnidirectionally on the surface independent of gravity and grow by feeding from droplets they sweep along the way. Here we observe and explain the physics behind this phenomenon of roaming of coalescing condensate microdroplets on solely nanostructured superhydrophobic surfaces, where the microdroplets are orders of magnitude larger than the underlaying surface nanotexture. We quantify and show that it is the inherent asymmetries in droplet adhesion during condensation, arising from the stochastic nature of nucleation within the nanostructures, that generates the tangential momentum driving the roaming motion. Subsequent dewetting during this conversion initiates a vivid roaming and successive coalescence process, preventing condensate flooding of the surface, and enhancing surface renewal. Finally, we show that the more efficient conversion process of roaming from excess surface energy to kinetic energy results in significantly improved heat transfer efficiency over condensate droplet jumping, the mechanism currently understood as maximum.
Optimized PID controller and model order reduction of reheated turbine for load frequency control using teaching learning-based optimization
Authors: Singh Anurag , Yadav Shekhar , Tiwari Nitesh , Nishad Dinesh Kumar , Khalid Saifullah 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Load frequency control (LFC) systems in power grids face challenges in maintaining stability while managing computational complexity. This research presents an optimized approach combining model order reduction techniques with Teaching Learning-Based Optimization (TLBO) for PID controller tuning in single-area LFC systems. Three reduction methods—Routh Approximation, Balanced Truncation, and Hankel Norm Approximation—were implemented to reduce system order from 4th to 2nd order, achieving a 47.3% reduction in computational time. The TLBO-optimized PID controller was compared with conventional tuning methods (Ziegler-Nichols, AMIGO, S-IMC, and CHR), demonstrating superior performance with a 38.2% decrease in settling time and 42.7% reduction in peak overshoot. The Routh Approximation method exhibited optimal performance with minimum settling time (2.8s) and peak overshoot (8.4%). Sensitivity analysis revealed stable system behavior with phase margin maintained at 84.25 degrees across parameter variations. The proposed approach achieved a 56.8% reduction in Integral Square Error compared to conventional methods, establishing its effectiveness for modern power grid applications. This research provides a robust framework for implementing efficient load frequency control in power systems while maintaining system stability and performance.
The role of shocks and the velocity gradient in the relative orientation of the magnetic field and dense gas clouds
Authors: Granda-Muñoz Guido , Vázquez-Semadeni Enrique , Gómez Gilberto C. 
Published: January 2025

Context. Magnetic fields are known to exhibit different relative orientations with density structures in different density regimes. However, the physical mechanisms behind these relative orientations remain unclear.
Aims. We investigate the role of the flow features on the relative orientation between the magnetic field and cold neutral medium (CNM) clouds, as well as that of molecular clouds (MCs) as a corollary.
Methods. We performed three- and two-dimensional (3D+2D) magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations of warm gas streams in the thermally bistable atomic interstellar medium (ISM) colliding with velocities of the order of the velocity dispersion in the ISM to form CNM clouds. In these simulations, we followed the evolution of magnetic field lines to identify and elucidate the physical processes behind their evolution.
Results. The collision produces a fast MHD shock, as well as a condensation front roughly one cooling length behind it, on each side of the collision front. A compressive, decelerating velocity field arises between the shock and the condensation fronts, and a cold dense layer forms behind the condensation front. The magnetic field lines, initially oriented parallel to the flow direction, are perturbed by the fast MHD shock, across which the magnetic field fluctuations parallel to the shock front are amplified. The downstream perturbations of the magnetic field lines are further amplified by the compressive downstream velocity gradient between the shock and the condensation front caused by the settlement of the gas onto the dense layer. This process causes the magnetic field to become progressively aligned with the dense layer, leading to the formation of a shear flow around it, due to the field’s backreaction on the flow. By extension, we suggest that a tidal stretching velocity gradient, such as that produced in gas infalling into a self-gravitating structure, must straighten the field lines along the accretion flow, orienting them perpendicular to the density structures. We also find that the initially super-Alfvénic upstream flow becomes trans-Alfvénic between the shock and the condensation front, and then sub-Alfvénic inside the condensation. Finally, in 2D simulations with a curved collision front, the presence of the magnetic field inhibits the generation of turbulence by the shear around the dense layer.
Conclusions. Our results provide a feasible physical mechanism for orienting the magnetic field parallel to CNM clouds through the action of fast MHD shocks and compressive velocity fields.
Associations between Advanced Paternal Age and Adverse Reproductive Outcomes in the Nulliparous Pregnancy Outcomes Study: Monitoring Mothers-to-Be (nuMoM2b)
Authors: Newman Rachel A. , Conley Patrick , Esakoff Tania , Grobman William , Haas David , Wapner Ronald , Chung Judith , Saade George , Bello Natalie A. 
Published: January 2025

Objective The association between paternal age and adverse pregnancy outcomes (APOs) has not been well studied. We sought to determine whether advanced paternal age (APA) is associated with adverse maternal or neonatal outcomes.
Study Design Secondary analysis of 8,863 pregnancies from the Nulliparous Pregnancy Outcomes Study Monitoring Mothers-to-Be (nuMoM2b) prospective cohort in which both maternal and paternal age at conception were known. APA was defined as age ≥ 40 years and AMA was defined as age ≥ 35 years. Composite maternal and fetal/neonatal APO outcomes were adjudicated by experts using previously defined methods. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression models were used to estimate the associations between APA, AMA, and their combination (AMA and APA), with the outcomes of interest (APO, fetal/neonatal, and combined APO or fetal/neonatal outcomes). Multivariable analyses were adjusted for covariates identified a priori: self-reported race and ethnicity, education, body mass index, maternal medical conditions, assisted reproductive technology (ART), and maternal age in APA only models.
Results APA in isolation was not significantly associated with maternal or fetal/neonatal adverse outcomes (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.08, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.89 – 1.32). In contrast, AMA pregnancies and pregnancies in which both parents were of advanced age were associated with significantly increased risk of maternal or fetal/neonatal adverse outcome (aOR = 1.37, 95% CI: 1.17 – 1.59, p < 0.001 and aOR = 1.60, 95% CI: 1.25 – 2.05, p < 0.001), respectively. Findings were similar when individuals who used assisted reproductive technology (ART) were excluded from analyses.
Conclusion In our study of nulliparous birthing people, in contrast to AMA pregnancies, APA alone was not significantly associated with a heightened risk of maternal or fetal/neonatal APOs. However, pregnancies from both AMA and APA individuals demonstrated a trend toward a higher risk of APOs compared with AMA pregnancies. Further research is needed to delineate the mechanism driving this finding.
Key Points