bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nutritional Status of Women of Reproductive Age in a Rural Area of Southwestern Bihar during COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Kumar Abhishek , Lohani Pallavi , Ayub Arshad , Shikha Swati 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Introduction:
Health and well-being of any population are reflected by its nutritional status, which is mainly determined by two important factors, namely dietary intake and the food habits. About 22.9% of women in reproductive age (15–49 years) in India and about 30.4% of women in Bihar are undernourished, with a body mass index (BMI) of <18.5 kg/m2.

Aims and Objectives:
The aims and objectives of the study were to assess the nutritional status and to find out the association between sociodemographic variables and nutritional status of women in the reproductive age group in a rural area of southwestern Bihar.

Methodology:
A cross-sectional study was conducted among 311 women of the reproductive age group residing in rural field practice area of NMCH, Sasaram, who gave informed consent to participate in the study.

Results:
After analysis, it was found that 74% of the women consumed a mixed Indian diet, 24% of women took their first meal in the afternoon and in 64% of women, diet diversity was not maintained, about 74% of the women are within the normal range of BMI. Diet diversity was maintained in the literate group with educational status above the primary level and the association between diet diversity and educational status was statistically significant (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
It was concluded from the study that women of reproductive age in this part of Bihar also suffer from a dual burden of malnutrition, with the majority being undernourished, whereas a few also being suffering from a higher waist–hip ratio.
Laparoscopic Totally Extraperitoneal Repair Using Self-gripping Polyester Mesh (ProGrip™) in Inguinal Hernia: A Retrospective Study in a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Thakur Mukund Narayan , Choudhary Abhay Vijay , Deshmukh Abhijit Babanrao 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Introduction:
Surgical management of inguinal hernia (IH) is advanced with laparoscopy surgery, and total laparoscopic totally extraperitoneal (TEP) repair is gaining popularity. The use of self-gripping mesh (ProGrip™) further provided substantial advancements with improved postoperative outcomes and early recovery.

Objectives:
The objective of our study was to determine the short-term outcomes, complications, postoperative hernia recurrence, and chronic inguinal pain in laparoscopic IH. Furthermore, we assessed the factors associated with longer operative time.

Subjects and Methods:
We retrospectively analyzed the data of adult IH patients who had undergone TEP repair with ProGrip™ mesh. Data on demographics, hernia characteristics, operating time, surgical details, and postoperative outcomes such as infection, hernia recurrences, chronic pain, and other complications were collected and analyzed. P <0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:
During January 2020 to January 2022, we collected the data of 208 patients and analyzed them. The mean age of the patients was 59.7 ± 13.1 years and 96.2% were males. Hernia was bilateral in 26% of cases and 78.8% were indirect hernias. The mean duration of surgery was 60.4 ± 8.6 min. Hernia size ≥2.5 cm was associated with significantly longer operative time. After a median follow-up of approximately 1 year, there were no postoperative complications, recurrence of hernia, or chronic inguinal pain.

Conclusion:
In experienced hands, laparoscopic TEP repair of IH using ProGrip™ mesh is effective and safe without significant complications or recurrences.
Unmasking the Silent Threat: Colorectal Cancer’s Alarming Surge in India’s Young Adults
Authors: Mahajan Divya 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence is rising in young population in India due to increasing influence of Western food habits and increase in sedentary lifestyles. Due to unhealthy eating habits and sedentary lifestyle, obesity is another problem faced by the youth of our country. Physical inactivity, overweight and obesity, red and processed meat consumption, and smoking and excessive alcohol consumption are the factors which have been responsible for the complex etiology and pathogenesis of CRC. These factors individually or synergistically may help in the rapid progression and multistep development of this disease. This review article is aimed to raise the concern of the harmful effect of Western culture on our health and create awareness to adopt a healthy lifestyle and maintain ideal weight. Efforts should be made to increase screening and raise awareness about eating and drinking habits along with lifestyle modification to decrease the rate of CRC.
Assessment of Cervical Cancer Prevention Strategy among Adolescent Girls: Cross-Sectional Study from North Gujarat, Western India
Authors: Landge Jyoti A. , Rawal Diya , Lunagariya Ruchita , Gaikwad Mrinalini 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background:
Cervical cancer is one of the preventable and curable cancer. India has a high burden of cervical cancer than other South Asian countries. National Cancer Control Program has been implemented for long time still there is not much awareness about prevention and control strategies of cervical cancer in reproductive women as well as adolescent girls.

Objectives:
The present study was conducted to determine level of knowledge and awareness about screening and vaccination program for cervical cancer among late adolescent girls in a university campus.

Methodology:
A cross-sectional study was carried out in the Parent University of Medical College (Sakalchand Patel University), in 6-month duration. For study purpose, we had chosen a study population of late adolescent girls studying in various streams inside university campus. A total of 105 girls were enrolled as study participants after taking written consent from the head of the institute and girls’ student.

Results:
All study participants were in the age group of 19–23 years learning in different streams of the university campus, residing in urban area, and upper-middle-class family. Very few were aware about cervical cancer screening test and 16.2% were aware about the correct age for screening. Only one-fourth of girls were aware about the availability of vaccine for cervical cancer and out of them 18.5% could tell correct name of vaccine, 37% correctly answered the age for vaccination.

Conclusion:
In our study, participants were late adolescents and young girls attending higher education (Graduate) in a university campus still the awareness of cervical cancer screening and vaccination was low.
Assessment of Travelers’ Knowledge about Symptoms and Prevention Strategies of Otic Barotrauma in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Almufarrej Abdulrhman A. , Almutairi Khalid A. , Alzamel Omar M. , Alsubaie Nasser S. , Alghamdi Mohanad S. , Hajr Eman A. , Alotaibi Fahad Z. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background:
Otic barotrauma (OBT) is the most common medical complication related to aviation, which is caused by traumatic inflammation of the middle ear produced by a pressure differential between the air in the middle ear and surrounding environment.

Objective:
We aim to assess the incidence of OBT, travelers’ knowledge about symptoms, and prevention strategies of OBT in Saudi Arabia.

Design:
This cross-sectional study was conducted at King Khalid International Airport in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, between August 2022 and December 2022.

Participants and Methods:
Data were collected from the adult travelers using Google Forms questionnaire in either Arabic or English, distributed to travelers at the arrival or departure departments of the airport using a quick response code. Data are presented as frequencies and percentages for categorical variables. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05.

Main Outcome Measures:
To measure the prevalence of OBT and travelers’ knowledge of OBT in Saudi Arabia.

Sample Size:
The sample size was 403.

Results:
Of the 403 respondents, 381 met the study criteria, and 91.9% (n = 114) had noticed positive symptoms. Individuals who traveled more than seven times reported lower positive signs than others. The logistic regression analysis of positive symptoms and potential risk factors showed that female participants had more positive symptoms than male participants (odds ratio = 4.269, P < 0.001).

Conclusions:
The number of people complaining of symptoms is significant. Therefore, a strong need exists to educate the public regarding OBT.

Limitations:
This study was limited by the small sample size; the cross-sectional study was conducted in only one airport, despite a good response rate.
Self-Esteem Post-Rhinoplasty: A Detailed Analysis of Influencing Factors
Authors: Obeid Faisal M. , Al Qurashi Abdullah A. , Mortada Hatan , Abualnaja Amani Abdulrahman , Alqahtani Reemah Farhan , Alqam Rakan Abu , AlHadlaq Abdulmajeed Saad , Almodumeegh Abdulaziz Saleh , Arkoubi Amr 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background:
Esthetic procedures such as rhinoplasty can have profound effects on individuals’ self-esteem. However, the relationship between sociodemographic factors, self-perception, and self-esteem postrhinoplasty remains underexplored.

Methodology:
We conducted a comparative study between individuals who have undergone rhinoplasty (rhinoplasty group) and those who have not (nonrhinoplasty group). Variables such as education level, employment status, household income, and family circumstances were studied. The Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSE) was used to evaluate self-esteem.

Results:
The rhinoplasty group was more likely to be employed and represented in the lower household income range. Those with a Master’s degree within the rhinoplasty group showed higher self-esteem scores. The rhinoplasty group demonstrated higher levels of body dissatisfaction yet also reported more positive attitudes toward themselves. Gender differences in RSE scores were noted, with females showing higher median scores. Age did not significantly influence RSE scores across the groups.

Conclusion:
The results suggest a multifaceted relationship between rhinoplasty and self-esteem, influenced by a variety of sociodemographic factors. Our findings highlight the need for a comprehensive approach in the pre- and post-operative management of patients considering rhinoplasty, considering not only the physical but also the psychological aspects. Further research is needed to elucidate the complex interplay between self-esteem, self-perception, and sociodemographic factors in individuals undergoing rhinoplasty.
Diplopia in Silent Sinus Syndrome – From Diagnosis to Minimal Surgical Intervention
Authors: Ali Hayat Yahia Omar , Alfadhli Alanood Omar , Ali Ahmed Al , Omar Hilal , Elbadawey Mohamed , Elbadawey Morouge 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Silent sinus syndrome (SSS) is a rare disease mostly affecting the maxillary sinus. It is described as a slowly progressive painless enophthalmos with hypoglobus secondary to atelectasis of the maxillary sinus in patients with an unremarkable history of preexisting sinonasal or ophthalmological pathologies. Diplopia is an unusual presentation of SSS and opting for orbital floor correction is a matter of debate. Limited reports in the literature show the efficacy of endoscopic maxillary antrostomy alone without orbital floor reconstruction in patients with diplopia. This study reports a case of an unusual presentation of SSS. The paper also reviews the diagnostic approach and focuses on the treatment by minimally invasive endoscopic antrostomy for aeration of the maxillary sinus without the need of orbital floor reconstruction for correction of diplopia and enophthalmos. This paper discusses a 41-year-old previously healthy male presenting with gradually progressive hypoglobus and enophthalmos associated with diplopia and mild facial asymmetry. There was no past medical history of sinonasal or ophthalmological diseases, surgeries, or trauma. The differential diagnoses initially were variable. Endoscopic evaluation in the outpatient clinic along with computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging of the paranasal sinuses and orbit confirmed the diagnosis of SSS. Relieving the negative maxillary pressure with endoscopic wide middle meatal maxillary antrostomy without orbital floor reconstruction restored the normal extraocular muscle movement and improved the diplopia, hypoglobus, and enophthalmos. Our case report demonstrates the association between SSS and diplopia, and it reviews the diagnostic approach to the disease including comprehensive clinical assessment, endoscopic evaluation, and radiological studies. The case report also signifies the effectiveness of endoscopic maxillary antrostomy without orbital floor reconstruction in re-establishing the ventilation of the atelectatic maxillary sinus and allowing spontaneous resolution of diplopia, enophthalmos, and hypoglobus.
Awareness of Noise-Induced Hearing Loss among the General Population in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia
Authors: AlYahya Khalid A. , Alarfaj Abdullah Ahmed , Al-Zahir Batool Zahar , AlMulhim Dalal Ahmed , Al Hussain Razan Sulaiman , Alfalah Renad Raed , AlMulhim Fahad Khalifah 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Introduction:
Noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) is a common work-related hazard that can affect employees and can lead to multiple health problems, and the use of hearing protection devices has been proven to reduce the possibility of developing NIHL. This study aims to construct useful knowledge that can be used to increase awareness campaigns and promote social acceptance of the use of hearing protection devices among the general population in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia.

Materials and Methods
This is a descriptive, cross-sectional study, and the convenience sampling technique was followed in this study, in which the questionnaire was distributed electronically through social media platforms. The questionnaire contained 18 items to evaluate NIHL and awareness of the effects of loud sounds on hearing and health.

Results:
Of the 416 respondents involved in the study, it was observed in this study that gender, level of education, and age were not significantly associated with a higher or lower perception of hearing loss. Forty-three percent of the study participants have not heard anything about hearing loss at all, and surprisingly, among the participants who have heard about it, only 4.8% of the participants stated that they obtained their information from medical campaigns, which is the least informative site for hearing loss information. Finally, it is shown that the majority of the participants, 52.2%, have not heard any information regarding earplugs.

Conclusion:
This paper provides data on noise exposure and its associations with the risk of hearing impairment and attitudes toward earplugs among the Saudi population in the eastern region. The results explicitly showed that the young age group demonstrated a low level of knowledge and a low level of awareness of NIHL and the importance of earplugs. As a result, we strongly advocate for more health campaigns to raise community awareness of NIHL.
Head-and-Neck Necrotizing Fasciitis in Adults
Authors: Al-Enazi Abdulaziz Saud , Alharbi Wasan A. , Alismail Maram A. , Almasaad Norah Abdullah 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Head-and-neck necrotizing fasciitis (NF) is a life-threatening medical and surgical emergency that is strongly associated with high mortality. NF of the head and neck occurs only rarely and might mimic abscess or cellulitis. The most common sites for this infection are the pharynx, teeth, or submandibulocervical region. Odontogenic infection is the most frequent cause of head-and-neck NF; other causes, such as peritonsillar abscess, tonsilitis, or salivary gland infections, have been documented. The most prevalent comorbidity of this life-threatening condition is diabetes mellitus. Ideally, it is diagnosed clinically; however, other laboratory and imaging modalities help to support the diagnosis. Furthermore, NF causes serious complications, specifically airway compromise. Overall, surgical intervention is the modality of choice for treating NF. This review article gathers updated data about NF of the head and neck.
The mechanical theory of glaucoma in terms of prelaminar, laminar, and postlaminar factors
Authors: Ahmad Syed Shoeb 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The mechanical theory is one of the oldest concepts regarding the development of glaucomatous neural degeneration. However, after a prolonged period of relative monopoly among the various theories explaining the pathogenesis of glaucoma, this concept gradually faded away from discourse. Several developments in the recent past have rekindled interest in the mechanical theory of glaucoma. Now we know a lot more about the biomechanics of the eye, prelaminar changes, mechanisms of retinal ganglion cell death, biomechanical features of the optic nerve head and sclera, extracellular matrix composition and its role, astrocytic changes, axoplasmic flow, and postlaminar factors such as translaminar pressure difference. These factors and others can be categorized into prelaminar, laminar, and postlaminar elements. The objective of this review was to present a concise analysis of these recent developments. The literature search for this narrative review was performed through databases, such as PubMed, Google Scholar, and Clinical Key.
Prevalence and Factors Associated with Medication Nonadherence in Patients with Major Psychiatric Disorders in Southern India
Authors: Delcine Jose M. , Shivanand Hiremath B. , Sameer Mangalwedhe B. , Arunkumar C. , Anusha M.S. , Desai Mahesh 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Objectives:
Historically, nonadherence to medication has been a major problem faced by health care workers while treating chronic illnesses. Nonadherence to psychotropic medications is known to be associated with poorer treatment outcomes, remarkable risk, and cost to the medical system in managing psychiatric illness. For care providers, partial compliance or discontinuation of medications represents the difficulty of maintaining treatment successes over time. In this study, we intended to assess medication adherence and to understand the reasons for nonadherence in patients with major psychiatric disorders in southern India.

Methods:
This is a cross-sectional observational study, done from January to June 2023. With the International Classification of Diseases 10th Revision diagnosis, we assessed patients with psychotic disorders, bipolar affective disorders, and major depressive disorder. The Medication Adherence Rating Scale (MARS) was used to assess medication adherence. The patients also completed copies of semi-structured questionnaire on their sociodemographic characteristics, their medications, and reasons for nonadherence.

Results:
A total of 147 subjects were assessed. We found that 68.0% of subjects were poorly adherent to the treatment based on MARS, and that only 32.0% of them were strictly adherent to the treatment. The reasons for poor adherences to the medication treatment were carelessness or forgetfulness (21.8%), adverse effects of the medications (16.3%), and the perception of the subject of feeling better (15.6%).

Conclusion:
More than two thirds of the subjects was found to be non-adherent to the medications. Assessing various reasons for medication adherence will help find strategies to improve medication adherence and thus outcome of the treatment.
Caregiver Beliefs in the Overemphasis of the Education System on Academic Performance as an Etiology of Attention-deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Authors: Liu Tai-Ling , Chen Yi-Lung , Hsiao Ray C. , Chou Wen-Jiun , Yen Cheng-Fang 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Objectives:
Caregiver beliefs about the causes of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) may influence caregiver intentions to let children with ADHD receive treatment. In this survey study, we intended to determine the proportion of caregivers who attribute the overemphasis of the education system on child academic performance as the etiology of their children’s ADHD and the factors related to this attribution.

Methods:
In total, 213 caregivers of children with ADHD participated in this study and were asked whether they regarded the overemphasis of the education system on child academic performance as the etiology of their children’s ADHD. Affiliate stigma was assessed using the Affiliate Stigma Scale. Each caregiver rated their child’s ADHD and oppositional defiant disorder symptoms using the short Chinese version of the Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham, Version IV Scale. The depression and anxiety of the caregivers were assessed using the Beck Depression Inventory and Beck Anxiety Inventory, respectively.

Results:
The results were found that 58 (27.2%) caregivers regarded the overemphasis of the education system on child academic performance to be the etiology of their children’s ADHD. Affiliate stigma of caregivers was significantly associated with caregiver attribution (p < 0.05). Caregiver depression (p < 0.01) and anxiety (p < 0.01) were significantly associated with caregiver attribution of the etiology of ADHD in bivariate logistic regression analysis models; the associations became nonsignificant after the effect of affiliate stigma being considered.

Conclusion:
Health professionals should consider caregiver-attributed etiologies when they are developing intervention programs for enhancing the mental health of caregivers and their children with ADHD.
Factors Influencing Blood Prolactin Levels in Patients with Schizophrenia under Risperidone Treatment
Authors: Lu Mong-Liang , Chiu Yi-Hang , Goh Kah Kheng 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Objectives:
Risperidone, a dopamine and serotonin antagonist or a second-generation (atypical) antipsychotic drug, is commonly prescribed for various psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and autism spectrum disorders. While effective, risperidone often leads to hyperprolactinemia, impacting about 40%–80% of patients. In this study, we intended to examine the prevalence of hyperprolactinemia in Taiwanese patients with schizophrenia who received risperidone medication and to analyze potential links between prolactin blood levels and clinical variables.

Methods:
Patients with schizophrenia receiving risperidone monotherapy were included in this cross-sectional study. Blood levels of prolactin and metabolic parameters were measured.

Results:
A total of 176 participants diagnosed with schizophrenia, including 87 women and 89 men, were enrolled in our study. The prevalence of hyperprolactinemia and metabolic syndrome was 75.6% and 31.8%, respectively. Patients with hyperprolactinemia showed significantly higher insulin blood levels (p < 0.05) and significantly higher homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) indexes (p < 0.05) than those without hyperprolactinemia. The results of multivariate linear regression analysis showed that female sex (p = 0.001), HOMA-IR index (p < 0.01), and risperidone daily dosage (p < 0.05) were significantly associated with prolactin blood level.

Conclusion:
This study adds to the existing knowledge concerning risperidone-induced hyperprolactinemia in Taiwanese patients with schizophrenia. Hyperprolactinemia and metabolic syndrome are prevalent in patients with schizophrenia treated with risperidone. Clinicians are advised to be aware of these problems and monitor them regularly with their patients who receive treatment with risperidone.