bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The benefits of a broader perspective in case‐finding for disease management of depression: early lessons from the PROSPECT Study†
Authors: Coyne James C. , Brown Gregory , Datto Catherine , Bruce Martha L. , Schulberg Herbert C. , Katz Ira 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe PROSPECT (Prevention of Suicide in Primary Care Elderly — Collaborative Trial) Study evaluates collaborative care for the treatment of current depressive disorders in older primary care patients. Using screening data, we evaluate implications of expanding the focus to additional patients who report taking psychotropic medication or having a history of depression. Some 13.8% of the patients screened were taking a psychotropic medication and 7.3% were both taking an antidepressant and had a Center for Epidemiologic Studies — Depression Scale (CES‐D) score of > 15. Patients who reported current antidepressant use and those with a history of depression also had elevated CES‐D scores. Conversely, most patients having an elevated CES‐D score also reported taking an antidepressant or having a history of depression. These latter criteria for potential caseness yielded a larger number of patients than those identified by the CES‐D alone. More comprehensive approaches to the management of depression should attend to patients already taking psychotropic medication and symptomatic patients with a history of depression, as well as those with current syndromal depression. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A double‐blind randomised comparison of risperidone and haloperidol in the treatment of behavioural and psychological symptoms in Chinese dementia patients
Authors: Chan Wai‐chi , Lam Linda Chiu‐wa , Choy Caroline Nga‐pui , Leung Vivian Pui‐yiu , Li Siu‐wah , Chiu Helen Fung‐kum 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackgroundBehavioural and psychological symptoms (BPSD) are common during the course of dementia and present severe problems to patients and their caregivers.ObjectivesTo assess the therapeutic efficacy and safety of haloperidol and risperidone in treating BPSD in Chinese dementia patients.MethodsA 12‐week double‐blind randomised comparison of haloperidol and risperidone treatments was conducted in 58 patients with DSM‐IV diagnosis of dementia of Alzheimer's type or vascular dementia. They were randomly assigned to receive flexible doses (0.5 to 2 mg/day) of haloperidol or risperidone. Clinical response was evaluated using the Cohen‐Mansfield Agitation Inventory (CMAI), the Behavioral Pathology in Alzheimer's Disease Rating Scale (BEHAVE‐AD), Simpson‐Angus Scale, Functional Assessment Staging and Cantonese version of the Mini‐Mental State Examination.ResultsThe mean doses at the last week were 0.90 mg/day of haloperidol and 0.85 mg/day of risperidone. Both haloperidol and risperidone significantly reduced the severity of BPSD (scores on CMAI and BEHAVE‐AD), with no significant between‐group differences. Haloperidol‐treated patients showed a worsening on Simpson‐Angus scale while there was no significant change in this measure in risperidone‐treated patients.ConclusionsLow‐dose haloperidol and risperidone were well tolerated and associated with reductions in the severity and frequency of behavioural symptoms in subjects with dementia. Risperidone may have a more favourable risk‐benefit profile in view of its lower propensity to induce extrapyramidal symptoms. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A facile one‐pot regioselective synthesis of [1,2,4]triazolo[4,3‐a]5(1H)‐pyrimidinones via tandem Japp–Klingemann, Smiles rearrangement, and cyclization reactions
Authors: Shawali Ahmad S. , Abdallah Magda A. , Mosselhi Mosselhi A. N. , Farghaly Thoraya A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractCoupling of active [(4‐oxo‐6‐phenyl‐3H‐pyrimidin‐2‐yl)thio]methine compounds (3) with diazotized anilines in the presence of base gave [1,2,4]triazolo[4,3‐a]pyrimidines (7). The latter products were also obtained by reactions of hydrazonoyl chlorides (10) with either 6‐phenyl‐2‐thiouracil (1) or the 2‐methylthio derivative 9. The mechanisms and the regiochemistry of the reactions studied are discussed. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 13:136–140, 2002; Published online in Wiley Interscience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.10008
Functionally substituted alkylbenzotriazoles: Reactivity of alkylbenzotriazoles toward electrophilic and nucleophilic reagents
Authors: Al‐Saleh Balkis , Abdel‐Khalik Mervat Mohammed , Darwich Elham , Salah Ossama Abdel‐Motaleb , Elnagdi Mohammed Hilmy 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe reactivity of benzotriazolylacetone toward a variety of carbon and nitrogen electrophiles is reported. Several novel azolylbenzotriazoles as well as benzotriazolyl‐cinnolines have been synthesized. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 13:141–145, 2002; Published online in Wiley Interscience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.10009
Azabrendanes. III. Synthesis of stereoisomeric exo‐ and endo‐5‐acylaminomethyl‐exo‐2,3‐epoxybicyclo[2.2.1]heptanes and their reduction by lithium aluminum hydride
Authors: Kasyan Lilija I. , Tarabara Igor N. , Savel'yeva Oxana A. , Kasyan Andrey O. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA number of stereoisomeric N‐[aryl(alkyl, cycloalkyl)carbonyl]‐exo(endo)‐5‐aminomethylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept‐2‐enes have been synthesized from bicyclo[2.2.1]hept‐2‐en‐exo(endo)‐5‐carbonitrile via reduction of the latter by lithium aluminum hydride and subsequent reactions of the resulting amines with aryl(alkyl, cycloalkyl)carbonyl chlorides and anhydrides. The direction of reaction of amides with peroxy acids does not depend on orientation of substituents in the bicyclic fragment: that is, for both exo‐ and endo‐isomers the epoxidations are completed by the formation of N‐[aryl(alkyl, cycloalkyl)carbonyl]‐exo(endo)‐5‐aminomethyl‐exo‐2,3‐epoxybicyclo[2.2.1] heptanes. The reduction of stereoisomeric epoxides by lithium aluminium hydride proceeds in different directions; that is, isomers with an exo‐oriented amido group form the substituted exo‐5‐alkylaminomethyl‐exo‐2,3‐epoxybicyclo[2.2.1]heptanes and the reactions of epoxides of endo‐amides are accompanied by intramolecular cyclization and completed by the
formation of N‐[aryl(alkyl, cycloalkyl)]‐exo‐2‐hydroxy‐4‐azatricyclo[4.2.1.03,7]nonanes. The structures and stereochemical homogenity of the products have been confirmed by the analysis of 1H and 13C NMR spectra, correlation spectroscopy, and nuclear Overhauser enhancement spectroscopy experiments. We discuss the behavior of epoxides and provide an analysis of the coefficients of the atomic orbitals in the molecular orbital–linear combination of atomic orbitals equation (AM1 method). © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 12:119–130, 2001
Unit root properties of OECD health care expenditure and GDP data
Authors: MacDonald Garry , Hopkins Sandra 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis note reconsiders the unit root properties of health care expenditure (HCE) and gross domestic product (GDP) for OECD countries. The time‐series properties of this data set has been much discussed in the literature with contrasting results from the application of a range of test procedures. We use a recently developed test to examine the relationship between the two variables. The results in this paper confirm earlier findings that when the data are considered as a panel, there is strong evidence of unit roots in both GDP and HCE data. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Lateral cervical bronchogenic cyst: An unusual cause of a lump in the neck
Authors: Hadi Usamah M. , Jammal Hashem N. , Hamdan Abdel Latif M. , Saad Ali M. , Zaatari Ghazi S. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackgroundCongenital cysts of the neck in children are not uncommon. Most of these are thyroglossal, branchial cleft, or less commonly, thymic cysts. Bronchial cysts rarely are initially seen as a neck mass.MethodsUse of an illustrative case of a bronchogenic cyst initially seen as an upper lateral neck mass.ConclusionsWe emphasize that although ectopic bronchogenic cysts are rare lesions of the head and neck, especially in the upper lateral neck, they should be included in the differential diagnosis in the evaluation of congenital neck cysts. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Head Neck 23: 590–593, 2001.
Rats with lesions of the hippocampus are impaired on the delayed nonmatching‐to‐sample task†
Authors: Clark Robert E. , West Alisha N. , Zola Stuart M. , Squire Larry R. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractRats with ibotenic acid lesions of the hippocampus (H‐IBO) were trained on the trial‐unique delayed nonmatching‐to‐sample task (DNMS) using a short delay of 4 s. The H‐IBO group learned the nonmatching rule as quickly as control animals. However, performance was impaired on the DNMS task when the delay between the sample and choice phase was increased to 1 or 2 min. The use of 4‐s delay (probe) trials indicated that the H‐IBO animals retained the nonmatching‐to‐sample rule throughout testing. In a second experiment, using the same groups of rats, extended training at the 1‐min delay did not ameliorate the deficit produced by H‐IBO lesions. The finding of impaired recognition memory in rats after hippocampal lesions is consistent with findings from humans and monkeys. Several methodological issues are considered that have complicated the interpretation of earlier studies of recognition memory in rats following hippocampal lesions. The capacity for recognition memory in humans, monkeys, and rodents is discussed as a straightforward example of hippocampus‐dependent (declarative) memory. Hippocampus 2001;11:176–186. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Three classes of pyramidal neurons in layer V of rat perirhinal cortex
Authors: Moyer James R. , McNay Ewan C. , Brown Thomas H. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWhole‐cell recordings from 140 pyramidal neurons in layer V of rat perirhinal cortex (PR) revealed three distinct firing patterns: regular spiking (RS, 76%), burst spiking (BS, 9%), and late spiking (LS, 14%). LS neurons have not previously been reported in layer V of any cortical region. LS cells in layer V of PR exhibited delays of up to 12 s from onset of a depolarizing current step to spike threshold, followed by sustained firing. In contrast, pyramidal cells in layer V of other cortical regions contain only RS and BS cells. Within PR, the percentage of LS neurons in layer V differs markedly from what we previously observed in layers II/III (50% LS) and VI (90% LS). Morphologically, BS neurons in layer V of PR had thick primary apical dendrites that terminated in a tuft within layer I, whereas RS and LS cells had relatively thin primary apicals that terminated either diffusely or in a layer I tuft. At holding potentials near rest, PR neurons exhibited small (∼15 pA), inward, spontaneous postsynaptic currents (PSCs) that were indistinguishable among the three cell types. Currents evoked by minimal stimulation of layer I were about 2.8 times larger than the spontaneous PSCs. Evoked currents had unusually long onset latencies with little variation in latency, consistent with monosynaptic responses evoked by stimulation of unmyelinated fibers. The prevalence of LS cells in combination with the long‐latency monosynaptically evoked PSCs suggested that PR is not a region of rapid throughput. This is consistent with anatomical data suggesting that PR is a higher‐level association cortex. These data further advance an emerging picture of PR as a cortical region with a unique distribution of cell types different from other cortical regions. Hippocampus 2002;12:218–234. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Differences in managerial behaviour between head nurses and medical directors in intensive care units in Europe
Authors: Pepermans Roland , Mentens Cindy , Goedee Maarten , Jegers Marc , van Roy Kristof 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe attempt to determine whether differences appear between the managerial behaviour of European intensive care head nurses on the one side and medical directors on the other. In order to come up with a managerial job and competency analysis of ICU managers, observations and interviews were performed. Additionally, focus groups consisting of ICU experts were organized. The results are discussed according to managerial behaviour taxonomies and existing competency models. There seems to be some differentiation between the two managerial positions studied. Head nurses are more involved in planning/coordinating and motivating/reinforcing activities, whereas medical directors are more involved in socializing/politicking, decision making/problem solving, interaction with others and disciplining. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
New funding arrangements in the Italian National Health Service
Authors: Jommi Claudio , Cantù Elena , Anessi‐Pessina Eugenio 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn the 1990s, the Italian National Health Service (INHS) experienced a major reform introducing regionalization, quasi‐markets and managerialism. The combination of quasi‐markets and regionalization has produced an interesting scenario: 21 Regional Governments designing their own organizational and funding models to achieve the desired combination of equity, efficiency, freedom of choice and cost containment. This paper reports the results of a research project carried out in 1998–99 to identify such models, verify their actual states of implementation and analyse the resulting incentives for individual health‐care organizations. Overall, most Regions have designed their models according to the ‘LHU‐centred’ template, under which most public hospitals remain under Local Health Unit (LHU) control, LHUs are funded by their Regions on a capitation basis and each LHU is expected to reimburse other LHUs, Independent INHS Hospitals (IHs) and accredited private providers for services supplied to its residents. Reimbursements are activity‐based according to Regional fee schedules. The major exception is Lombardy, Italy's largest and wealthiest Region, which has formally opted for the ‘purchaser–provider split’ template, with LHUs acting mostly as purchasers while IHs and accredited private professionals and organizations act as providers. In practice, however, many Regions still show significant features of the traditional cost‐reimbursement system. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Change Bookshelf
Authors: Lake Dale G. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis article provides in‐depth reviews of books focused on change at the individual,
group, and organization levels. It identifies the critical dimensions necessary to
change at each of these three levels and then selects the books that provide the best understanding of change
for each level. Whether the reader wishes to understand underlying theories of change or wishes to find
practical guides to essential steps in the change process, the needed resources are reviewed in this article.
For the HR manager, who more often than not, is responsible for guiding those who would change, this set of
eleven books constitutes a must bookshelf. Finally, other key references in the area of change are annotated if
the reader wishes to enlarge his/her bookshelf. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Peer Appraisals: Differentiation of Individual Performance on Group Tasks
Authors: Drexler John A. , Beehr Terry A. , Stetz Thomas A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe use of peer appraisals has been widely acclaimed, but how useful are they really? Student groups made
non‐anonymous ratings of peer performance on two group tasks, and the ratings contributed to the
students' course grades. Groups differentiated very little among peers in their performance ratings.
Individuals in non‐differentiating groups reported more positive distributive and procedural justice,
satisfaction, and turnover intent than did individuals in differentiating groups. In differentiating groups, no
differences in attitudes were found between individuals who were differentially rewarded or penalized for their
performance. Implications for peer appraisal practice and future research are discussed. © 2001 John Wiley
& Sons, Inc.
Forced air cooling for CPU modules with high heat dissipation
Authors: Kondo Yoshihiro , Matsushima Hitoshi 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe describe forced air cooling, based on two new concepts, for CPU modules with high heat dissipation. The first concept is a slit jet flow system, and the second is an impingement duct flow system. These systems are designed for electronic equipment with multiple circuit boards (CPU modules), on which the CPUs have high heat dissipation and the SRAMs have low heat dissipation, loaded in three dimensions and in parallel. The slit jet flow system is very simple compared with the impingement jet flow system, which has a complicated comb‐style impingement jet. The slit jet system includes an air duct with slit orifices and an axial fan upstream from the circuit boards. The impingement duct system consists of an air duct and a heat sink with a fan, which is attached to the CPU. This system also has slit orifices and an axial fan upstream or downstream from the circuit boards. For electronic equipment with each of these flow systems installed, the increases in external thermal resistance for the CPU and SRAMs were measured after stopping one of the cooling fans or the CPU's micro cooling fan. The results showed that the slit jet and impingement duct flow systems provide good cooling performance and redundancy. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res, 31(3): 226–236, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/htj.10031
Heat transfer characteristics in a two‐dimensional channel with an oscillating wall
Authors: Nakamura Masahide , Sugawara Masahiro , Kozuka Masahiro 
Published: August 2002

AbstractNumerical calculations have been carried out for the laminar heat transfer in a two‐dimensional channel bounded by a fixed wall and an oscillating wall. In this calculation, the moving boundary problem was transformed into a fixed boundary problem using the coordinate transformation method, and the fully implicit finite difference method was used to solve the mass, momentum, and energy conservation equations. The calculated results are summarized as follows: (i) The wall oscillation has an effect of enhancing the heat transfer and an effect of increasing the additional pressure loss. (ii) An optimum Strouhal number for the enhancement of heat transfer exists, and this optimum value is strongly affected by the amplitude of wall oscillation. © 2001 Scripta Technica, Heat Trans Asian Res, 30(4): 280–292, 2001
Transient characteristics of thermal contact conductance between isotropic rough surfaces of metals
Authors: Takahashi Ichiro , Fujiwara Sou 
Published: August 2002

AbstractTransient measurements of thermal contact conductance are made on the interface between isotropic rough surfaces of metals in air. We present an analytical solution for temperature distribution of the one‐dimensional symmetric system with the condition of time‐dependent temperatures at two points in each body, and thereby interface temperature drops and heat fluxes can be obtained without the condition of heat‐flux continuity at the interface. Contacting surfaces of rod samples (Naval brass, JISċSK5 carbon tool steel, and JISċSUS 304 stainless steel) of 25‐mm diameter are uniformly polished using an emery 320 paper. Transient characteristics of both temperatures and heat fluxes at the interface are experimentally determined using the analytical solution. It is revealed through the transient experiment that the thermal contact conductances are not constant at the early stage, but rapidly increase from zero and that the discontinuity of interface heat‐flux is observed by about 20 percent for all metal pairs. For the contact between dissimilar metals, the dependence of thermal contact conductance on the direction of heat flow is not distinguishable. © 2001 Scripta Technica, Heat Trans Asian Res, 30(4): 341–356, 2001
Steam absorption into films of lithium bromide solution falling over horizontal pipes arranged in a vertical column
Authors: Kiyota Masanori , Morioka Itsuki , Asahara Kohzoh 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAbsorber of a water/LiBr absorption chiller is made up of horizontal tube banks, and its improvement is needed to get higher COP. To clarify the absorption process in these tube banks, a single row of horizontal pipe column is studied experimentally and analytically. The analytical model proposed in a previous paper is further changed to a conservative form according to the method of Shyy. It is confirmed that the mass balance of water is kept exactly by the present procedure. As for total absorption rate for the pipe column, the agreement between experiment and numerical calculations is fairly good except for the cases of 8 to 10 pipes at a lower flow rate. The roughed pipes with different knurls on their surface were also tested experimentally and it was found that a knurl height of 0.5 mm was the most effective in absorption enhancement. © 2001 Scripta Technica, Heat Trans Asian Res, 30(6): 451–462, 2001
CFD simulation for turbulent mixing with the stochastic approach
Authors: Kawanabe Hiroshi , Shioji Masahiro , Ikegami Makoto 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA computational fluid‐dynamic simulation for a turbulent nonuniform combustion is established using a stochastic approach. At each point in a turbulent flow field, the variations of species mass fraction and temperature are statistically described by the joint‐probability density function (pdf), and the velocity variation is expressed using the conventional k–ϵ turbulent model. The transport equation of this joint pdf of mass fraction and temperature is calculated by a finite‐difference method in convection and turbulent diffusion and by the Curl collision‐redispersion model in molecular mixing. This method is applied to simulate the process of scalar dispersion in a uniform isotropic turbulent flow. The results show that the profile of an averaged scalar is quite similar to those calculated using conventional transport equations. Furthermore, a reasonable degree of reproduction is achieved for the pdfs of the scalar at each point in the flow field. © 2001 Scripta Technica, Heat Trans Asian Res, 30(6): 503–511, 2001
Influence of fan setting height on the cooling performance of a plate‐fin‐type heat sink with microprocessor
Authors: Kawamura Keizou , Nakajima Tadakatsu , Matsushima Hitoshi 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe cooling performance of a plate‐fin‐type heat sink equipped with a cooling fan was investigated experimentally. The heat sink was 80 mm long, 43 mm wide, and 24 mm in height (including the 4‐mm‐thick base). The cooling fan was 40 × 40 × 15 mm and was set to direct the air flow vertically in the downstream half of the heat sink. We focused on the influence of the height (which varied from 5 to 20 mm) that the fan was set at, on the heat transfer coefficient of the heat sink. The maximum value of the heat transfer coefficient was achieved at a setting height of 5 mm. At this height, the volumetric heat transfer coefficient was 1.8 times as high as that in a parallel flow under the same fan power. This result indicates that the cooling performance of heat sinks with a cooling fan can be improved by using this kind of compact structure. © 2001 Scripta Technica, Heat Trans Asian Res, 30(6): 512–520, 2001