bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is primary care ready for a potential new public health emergency in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, now subsided?
Authors: Etz Rebecca S , Solid Craig A , Gonzalez Martha M , Reves Sarah R , Britton Erin , Green Larry A , Bitton Asaf , Bechtel Christine , Stange Kurt C 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Introduction
The lingering burden of the COVID-19 pandemic on primary care clinicians and practices poses a public health emergency for the United States. This study uses clinician-reported data to examine changes in primary care demand and capacity.

Methods
From March 2020 to March 2022, 36 electronic surveys were fielded among primary care clinicians responding to survey invitations as posted on listservs and identified through social media and crowd sourcing. Quantitative and qualitative analyses were performed on both closed- and open-ended survey questions.

Results
An average of 937 respondents per survey represented family medicine, pediatrics, internal medicine, geriatrics, and other specialties. Responses reported increases in patient health burden, including worsening chronic care management and increasing volume and complexity. A higher frequency of dental- and eyesight-related issues was noted by respondents, as was a substantial increase in mental or emotional health needs. Respondents also noted increased demand, “record high” wait times, and struggles to keep up with patient needs and the higher volume of patient questions. Frequent qualitative statements highlighted the mismatch of patient needs with practice capacity. Staffing shortages and the inability to fill open clinical positions impaired clinicians’ ability to meet patient needs and a substantial proportion of respondents indicated an intention to leave the profession or knew someone who had.

Conclusion
These data signal an urgent need to take action to support the ability of primary care to meet ongoing patient and population health care needs.
Dynamic comprehensive quality assessment of post-harvest grape in different transportation chains using SAHP–CatBoost machine learning
Authors: Chen Qian , Li Jiali , Feng Jianying , Qian Jianping 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Food quality assessment is critical for indicating the shelf-life and ensuring food safety or value. Due to high environmental sensitivity, the post-harvest quality of fresh fruit will undergo complex changes in the supply chain, with various dynamic quality-related features. It is difficult to efficiently and accurately extract comprehensive quality feature of post-harvest fruits from high-dimensional monitoring data with heterogeneous characteristics (numerical and categorical). Therefore, we proposed a dynamic comprehensive quality assessment method based on self-adaptive analytic hierarchy process (SAHP) integrated with the CatBoost model.

Materials and Methods
By adaptive weight optimization, the SAHP was utilized to analyze the multi-source quality information and obtain the quantized fusion value, as an output sample of CatBoost machine learning. Then, using heterogeneous monitoring data as input, the CatBoost model was directly trained through unbiased boosting with categorical features for dynamic assessment of overall quality status.

Results
Three quality index monitoring data sets for ‘Jufeng’ grape in different transportation chains (normal temperature, cold insulation, and cold chain) were individually constructed as the research samples. Furthermore, compared to other machine learning methods, the SAHP–CatBoost had more accurate results in comprehensive quality feature extraction. In actual transportation chains, the mean absolute error, mean absolute percentage error, and root mean squared error of dynamic comprehensive assessment were limited to 0.0044, 1.012%, and 0.0078, respectively.

Conclusions
The proposed method is efficient in handling heterogeneous monitoring data and extracting comprehensive quality information of post-harvest grape as a robust shelf-life indicator. It can reasonably guide post-harvest quality management to reduce food loss and improve economic benefits.
Educational Attainment and Later-Life Cognitive Function in High- and Middle-Income Countries: Evidence From the Harmonized Cognitive Assessment Protocol
Authors: Zhang Yuan S , O’Shea Brendan , Yu Xuexin , Cho Tsai-Chin , Zhang Kelvin Pengyuan , Kler Jasdeep , Langa Kenneth M , Weir David R , Gross Alden L , Kobayashi Lindsay C 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Identifying social policies that can promote cognitive health is crucial for reducing the global burden of dementia. We evaluated the importance of educational attainment for later-life cognitive function in various social and geographic settings.

Methods
Using harmonized data for individuals aged ≥65 years from the United States Health and Retirement Study (HRS) and its international partner studies in England, Mexico, China, and India, and each study’s respective Harmonized Cognitive Assessment Protocol (HCAP), we conducted a cross-national comparative study to examine the role of educational attainment in later-life cognitive function across countries (n = 14,980, 2016–2019). We used multivariable-adjusted regression to estimate associations between educational attainment and harmonized global cognitive function scores.

Results
In Mexico, China, and India, the general cognitive function scores on average are approximately one standard deviation of the HRS-HCAP cognitive function score distribution lower compared to the United States and England, paralleling patterns of educational attainment across countries. In all countries, higher educational attainment was associated with progressively higher later-life cognitive function scores. Population-level differences in educational attainment explained about 50%–90% of the observed differences in cognitive function scores across countries.

Discussion
The relationship between education and later-life cognitive function across social and geographic contexts underscores the crucial role of education to promote cognitive health and reduce dementia risk. Continual improvement of educational attainment in low- and middle-income settings may yield a significant pay-off in later-life cognitive health.
Nonkin Carers’ Roles and Contributions to the Support of Older People Living Alone: An Analysis of Qualitative Data
Authors: Wosko Paulina , Pfabigan Johanna , Trukeschitz Birgit , Reitinger Elisabeth , Pichler Barbara , Pleschberger Sabine 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objectives
In the Global North, the number of older people living alone who have little or no support from family members is increasing. However, little is known about older people living alone who have basic needs for support but do not have kin living nearby or a sustainable relationship to a relative they can rely on. Thus, this paper focuses on the role of nonkin carers and their contribution to the support arrangements of older people living alone.

Methods
We conducted semistructured interviews with 32 older people living alone aged between 67 and 99 (Ø 84.2 years) in Austria, 23 women, and 9 men. The interviews were analyzed by applying a coding strategy based on grounded theory. In addition, sociograms were created to illustrate relevant relations in each support arrangement.

Results
We identified and characterized 3 groups of nonkins involved in the support arrangements of older people living alone based on the origins of the relationships: (1) friends, (2) neighbors, and (3) acquaintances like members of various communities. The arrangements were classified according to the amount and quality of involvement of nonkin carers, namely manifold, scattered, and little nonkin involvement.

Discussion
Our study highlights the diversity of nonkin support in the support arrangements of older people living alone. This heterogeneity should be considered by policy-makers when promoting informal care and designing policy measures.
Using artificial intelligence to improve administrative process in Medicaid
Authors: Cho Ted , Miller Brian J 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Administrative burden across state–federal benefits programs is unsustainable, and artificial intelligence (AI) and associated technologies have emerged and resulted in significant interest as possible solutions. While early in development, AI has significant potential to reduce administrative waste and increase efficiency, with many government agencies and state legislators eager to adopt the new technology. Turning to existing frameworks defining what functions are considered “inherently governmental” can help determine where more autonomous implementation could be not only appropriate but also provide unique advantages. Such areas could include eligibility and redetermination of Medicaid eligibility as well as preventing improper Medicaid payments. However, while AI is promising, this technology may not be ready for fully autonomous implementation and instead could be deployed to augment human capabilities with robust safeguards until it has proven to be more reliable. In the meantime, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services should release clear guidance around the use of AI by state Medicaid programs, and policymakers must work together to harness AI technologies in order to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the Medicaid program.
Measuring the macroeconomic responses to public investment in innovation: evidence from OECD countries
Authors: Ciaffi Giovanna , Deleidi Matteo , Mazzucato Mariana 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The paper aims to assess the macroeconomic impacts of government investment in Research and Development (R&D) and more generic fiscal policies by quantifying the Gross domestic product (GDP) and business R&D investment multipliers. Following the recent literature on fiscal policy, we combine the Local Projection approach with fiscal shocks estimated using Structural Vector Autoregressive modeling by focusing on a panel of 15 Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries for the 1981–2017 period. Our findings support the idea that expansionary fiscal policies can positively and persistently affect the GDP level and crowd in business R&D investment. Additionally, our results show that public investment in R&D generates the largest multiplicative effect both on GDP and business R&D than the one associated with more generic public expenditures, even when fiscal expectations are considered.
Experimental study on the transition modes of falling film between horizontal 3D finned tubes and their transitional Reynolds number prediction model
Authors: Chen Jingdong , Gao Zheming , Liu Xia , Shen Lulu 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
To investigate the effect of different falling film modes on the heat transfer performance of three-dimensional (3D) finned tubes in a falling film heat exchanger, the falling film transition modes are experimentally investigated by observing the flow modes on 3D finned tubes and determining the Reynolds numbers of flow transition modes. A test facility, which contains an array of three horizontal test tubes, is constructed to study the effect of tube spacing and fin structure on the falling film Reynolds number (Re). The results show that tube spacing and fin structure significantly affect the Re and observed mode. With the increase in tube spacing, the Re overall shows an increasing trend for the four transition modes, especially for the transition between the column and the column–sheet mode. With the increase in the ratio for fin structure parameters, the Re overall shows a downward trend, and this phenomenon is more evident with the increase in the tube spacing. Machine learning methods are utilized to predict the Re, considering the effects of tube spacing and fin structure. Both this method and the linear regression method are used to predict the Re of the literature and this experiment, and the results indicate that machine learning has a lower prediction deviation.
Goal-oriented error estimation based on equilibrated flux reconstruction for the approximation of the harmonic formulations in eddy current problems
Authors: Creusé Emmanuel , Nicaise Serge , Tang Zuqi 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
In this work, we propose an a posteriori goal-oriented error estimator for the harmonic $\textbf{A}$-$\varphi $ formulation arising in the modeling of eddy current problems, approximated by nonconforming finite element methods. It is based on the resolution of an adjoint problem associated with the initial one. For each of these two problems, a guaranteed equilibrated estimator is developed using some flux reconstructions. These fluxes also allow to obtain a goal-oriented error estimator that is fully computable and can be split in a principal part and a remainder one. Our theoretical results are illustrated by numerical experiments.
Positive Mass Theorems for Spin Initial Data Sets With Arbitrary Ends and Dominant Energy Shields
Authors: Cecchini Simone , Lesourd Martin , Zeidler Rudolf 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
We prove a positive mass theorem for spin initial data sets $(M,g,k)$ that contain an asymptotically flat end and a shield of dominant energy (a subset of $M$ on which the dominant energy scalar $\mu -|J|$ has a positive lower bound). In a similar vein, we show that for an asymptotically flat end $\mathcal{E}$ that violates the positive mass theorem (i.e., $\textrm{E} &lt; |\textrm{P}|$), there exists a constant $R&gt;0$, depending only on $\mathcal{E}$, such that any initial data set containing $\mathcal{E}$ must violate the hypotheses of Witten’s proof of the positive mass theorem in an $R$-neighborhood of $\mathcal{E}$. This implies the positive mass theorem for spin initial data sets with arbitrary ends, and we also prove a rigidity statement. Our proofs are based on a modification of Witten’s approach to the positive mass theorem involving an additional independent timelike direction in the spinor bundle.
Interlacing Polynomial Method for the Column Subset Selection Problem
Authors: Cai Jian-Feng , Xu Zhiqiang , Xu Zili 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This paper investigates the spectral norm version of the column subset selection problem. Given a matrix $\textbf{A}\in \mathbb{R}^{n\times d}$ and a positive integer $k\leq \textrm{rank}(\textbf{A})$, the objective is to select exactly $k$ columns of $\textbf{A}$ that minimize the spectral norm of the residual matrix after projecting $\textbf{A}$ onto the space spanned by the selected columns. We use the method of interlacing polynomials introduced by Marcus–Spielman–Srivastava to derive a new upper bound on the minimal approximation error. This new bound is asymptotically sharp when the matrix $\textbf{A}\in \mathbb{R}^{n\times d}$ obeys a spectral power-law decay. The relevant expected characteristic polynomial is a variation of the expected polynomial for the restricted invertibility problem, incorporating two extra variable substitution operators. Finally, we propose a deterministic polynomial-time algorithm that achieves this error bound up to a computational error.
Interspecific interactions facilitate keystone species in a multispecies biofilm that promotes plant growth
Authors: Yang Nan , Røder Henriette L , Wicaksono Wisnu Adi , Wassermann Birgit , Russel Jakob , Li Xuanji , Nesme Joseph , Berg Gabriele , Sørensen Søren J , Burmølle Mette 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Microorganisms colonizing plant roots co-exist in complex, spatially structured multispecies biofilm communities. However, little is known about microbial interactions and the underlying spatial organization within biofilm communities established on plant roots. Here, a well-established four-species biofilm model (Stenotrophomonas rhizophila, Paenibacillus amylolyticus, Microbacterium oxydans, and Xanthomonas retroflexus, termed as SPMX) was applied to Arabidopsis roots to study the impact of multispecies biofilm on plant growth and the community spatial dynamics on the roots. SPMX co-culture notably promoted root development and plant biomass. Co-cultured SPMX increased root colonization and formed multispecies biofilms, structurally different from those formed by monocultures. By combining 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and fluorescence in situ hybridization with confocal laser scanning microscopy, we found that the composition and spatial organization of the four-species biofilm significantly changed over time. Monoculture P. amylolyticus colonized plant roots poorly, but its population and root colonization were highly enhanced when residing in the four-species biofilm. Exclusion of P. amylolyticus from the community reduced overall biofilm production and root colonization of the three species, resulting in the loss of the plant growth-promoting effects. Combined with spatial analysis, this led to identification of P. amylolyticus as a keystone species. Our findings highlight that weak root colonizers may benefit from mutualistic interactions in complex communities and hereby become important keystone species impacting community spatial organization and function. This work expands the knowledge on spatial organization uncovering interspecific interactions in multispecies biofilm communities on plant roots, beneficial for harnessing microbial mutualism promoting plant growth.
Development of an indirect ELISA system for diagnosis of porcine edema disease using recombinant modified Stx2e antigen
Authors: Hur Jin , Jung Ho-Kyoung , Park Seung-Won 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Aim
This study aimed to develop a sensitive and specific recombinant antigen protein indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit to detect the Shiga toxin (Stx)-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) antibodies against porcine edema disease (ED).

Methods and results
The recombinant antigen was co-expressed with the STEC-derived Stx2e A2-fragment and Stx2e B protein in E. coli BL21(DE3) pLysS cells and purified using maltose-binding protein open columns. We used a Shiga-like toxin 2 antibody to test the specificity of the recombinant antigen in an indirect ELISA, which was detected in antigen-coated wells but not in uncoated wells. We tested the indirect ELISA system using samples from the STEC-immunized pig group, the commercial swine farm group, and healthy aborted fetal pleural effusion group; five and twenty samples, respectively, were positive for STEC in the former, whereas all three samples were negative for STEC in the latter.

Conclusions
This newly developed indirect ELISA may be a specific method for diagnosing STEC infections in pigs.
Inpatient Complications and Outcomes for Burn Patients Admitted With Methamphetamine Intoxication
Authors: Stanton Eloise , Karanas Yvonne , Pham Tam , Gillenwater Justin , Sheckter Clifford C 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Methamphetamine intoxication frequently complicates inpatient burn admissions. While single-institution studies describe adverse outcomes during resuscitation, little is known about the risks of amphetamine intoxication on inpatient complications and perioperative management. The US National Trauma Data Bank was queried for burn encounters between 2017 and 2021. Amphetamine intoxication was identified on admission. Primary outcomes included death, stroke, and myocardial infarction (MI). Secondary outcomes included organ failure and surgical management. Multivariable regressions modeled outcomes adjusting for available covariates including demographics, TBSA burned, and inhalation injury. Bonferroni adjustments were applied. Our study identified a total of 73,968 primary burn encounters with toxicology screens. Among these, 800 cases (1.1%) were found to have positive methamphetamine drug screens upon admission. Methamphetamine users were significantly older (41.7 vs 34.9 years, P &lt; .001), had a greater percentage of males (69.6 vs 65.4, P = .045), were more likely to have inhalation injury (P &lt; .001), and had larger %TBSA burns (16% vs 13%, P &lt; .001). Methamphetamine users were no more likely to die, experience MI, or experience stroke during admission. In contrast, methamphetamine users were significantly more likely to have alcohol withdrawal (P = .019), acute kidney injury (AKI) (P &lt; .001), deep vein thrombosis (P = .001), pulmonary embolism (PE) (P = .039), sepsis (P = .026), and longer intensive care unit (ICU) stays (P &lt; .001). Methamphetamine use was associated with a longer number of days to the first procedure (P = .005). Of all patients who required surgery (15.0%), methamphetamine users required significantly more total debridements and reconstructive procedures (P &lt; .001). While not associated with mortality, methamphetamine intoxication was associated with an increased risk of many complications including PE, deep vein thrombosis, AKI, sepsis, and longer ICU stays. Methamphetamine intoxication was associated with delays in surgical care.
Individual trabecula segmentation validation in first- and second-generation high-resolution peripheral computed tomography compared to micro-computed tomography in the distal radius and tibia
Authors: Dinescu Andreea Teodora , Zhou Bin , Hu Yizhong Jenny , Agarwal Sanchita , Shane Elizabeth , Guo Xiang-Dong Edward 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
High-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT) has been used for in vivo 3D visualization of trabecular microstructure. Second-generation HR-pQCT (HR-pQCT II) has been shown to have good agreement with first generation HR-pQCT (HR-pQCT I). Advanced Individual Trabecula Segmentation (ITS) decomposes the trabecula network into individual plates and rods. ITS based on HR-pQCT I showed a strong correlation to ITS based on micro-computed tomography (μCT) and identified trabecular changes in metabolic bone diseases. ITS based on HR-pQCT II has new potential because of the enhanced resolution but has yet to be validated. The objective of this study was to assess the agreement between ITS based on HR-pQCT I, HR-pQCT II, and μCT to assess the capability of ITS on HR-pQCT images as a tool for studying bone structure. Freshly frozen tibia and radius bones were scanned in the distal region using HR-pQCT I at 82 μm, HR-pQCT II at 60.7 μm, and μCT at 37 μm. Images were registered, binarized, and ITS analysis was performed. Bone volume fraction (pBV/TV, rBV/TV), number density (pTb.N, rTb.N), thickness (pTb.Th, rTb.Th), and plate-to-rod (PR) ratio (pBV/rBV) of trabecular plates and rods were obtained. Paired Student’s t-tests with post hoc Bonferroni analysis were used to examine the differences. Linear regression was used to determine the correlation coefficient. The HR-pQCT I parameters were different from the μCT measurements. The HR-pQCT II parameters were different from the μCT measurements except for rTb.N, and the HR-pQCT I parameters were different from the HR-pQCT II measurements except for pTb.Th. The strong correlation between HR-pQCT II and μCT microstructural analysis (R2 = 0.55–0.94) suggests that HR-pQCT II can be used to assess changes in plate and rod microstructure and that values from HR-pQCT I can be corrected.