bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anesthetic and postanesthetic management of sea turtles
Authors: Moon P. F. , Stabenau E. K. 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To examine the physiologie effects of inhalation anesthesia in aquatic turtles to improve anesthetic techniques and postanesthetic monitoring.

Design
Retrospective case series.

Animals
9 Kemp's ridley sea turtles.

Procedure
Isoflurane was used as the general anesthetic during 14 minor surgical procedures. Turtles were orotracheally intubated, and a surgical plane of anesthesia was maintained with 2.7 ± 0.4% (mean ± SE) isoflurane. The duration of anesthesia was 131 ± 12 minutes. Pulse rate, blood pressure, blood gases (PaO2 and PaCO2) and pH, blood lactic acid concentration, and capnography were used to evaluate the physiologic responses of sea turtles to isoflurane.

Results
An isoflurane concentration of 3.4 ± 0.3% provided anesthetic induction in 7 ± 1 minutes. The mean duration of the recovery phase was 241 ± 31 minutes. The duration of the recovery phase was not affected by the duration of anesthesia, type of carrier gas, method of ventilatory weaning, or use of selected pharmacologic agents. The recovery phase was characterized by hypoxemia, progressive acidemia, hypercapnia, and lactic acidosis. Awakening in the turtles was preceded by a characteristic tachycardia and tachypnea. All sea turtles recovered from isoflurane anesthesia without apparent adverse effects within 24 hours.

Clinical Implications
Isoflurane appears to be safe and effective in providing surgical anesthesia in turtles that require a timely return to an aquatic environment. This study should assist veterinarians in predicting the physiologic responses of aquatic turtles to inhalation agents. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1996;208:720–726)
Effect of treatment of hyperthyroidism on renal function in cats
Authors: DiBartola Stephen P. , Broome Michael R. , Stein Barbara S. , Nixon Margie 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To determine whether increases in BUN and serum creatinine (SCr) concentrations, which have been reported to develop after surgical bilateral thyroidectomy in hyperthyroid cats, also develop after treatment of hyperthyroidism with radioactive iodine and methimazole.

Design
Prospective, clinical trial.

Animals
58 hyperthyroid cats.

Procedure
Urine specific gravity, SCr, BUN, and serum thyroxine (T4) concentrations were determined before and 30 and 90 days after treatment of hyperthyroidism with radioactive iodine, methimazole, or surgical bilateral thyroidectomy.

Results
Mean SCr and BUN concentrations determined 30 and 90 days after treatment were significantly higher than those measured before treatment. Mean SCr, BUN, and T4 concentrations were not different among groups before treatment or 30 and 90 days after treatment.

Clinical Implications
Reduction of serum T4 concentrations after treatment of hyperthyroidism may result in azotemia in older cats with chronic renal disease. Treating azotemic hyperthyroid cats with methimazole until it can be determined whether correction of the hyperthyroid state will exacerbate the azotemia may be prudent. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1996;208:875–878)
Case-control study of the association between intraoperative administration of nafcillin and acute postoperative development of azotemia
Authors: Pascoe Peter J. , Ilkiw Jan E. , Kass Philip H. , Cowgill Larry D. 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To describe 7 cases of acute postoperative azotemia in dogs and to examine by use of a case-control study the possible association between this complication and administration of nafcillin.

Design
Retrospective and case-control study.

Animals
7 case dogs and 28 matched control dogs.

Procedure
Cases of acute renal failure or acute renal insufficiency were identified by retrospective study of records of dogs treated between July 1, 1992, and Feb 28, 1995, and from information received from a practitioner. A random sample of records of dogs undergoing invasive procedures between Dec 1, 1992, and Nov 30, 1993, was examined to determine the prevalence of nafcillin use. Each case dog was matched with 4 control dogs, and data were subjected to logistic regression analysis, employing exact conditional inference on the parameter estimates.

Results
Case dogs were between 1 and 9 years old and weighed between 21 and 60 kg. Preoperatively, none of the dogs had a history of renal disease, and BUN concentrations, hematocrit, and plasma protein concentrations were within reference ranges. Postoperatively, each dog became azotemic and had clinical signs consistent with uremia. Hyponatremia was recorded in 6 case dogs. One dog did not respond to treatment and was euthanatized. Two dogs had persistent isosthenuria, and 4 dogs recovered. Nafcillin was used in approximately 502 of 2,184 (23%) dogs that underwent invasive procedures between Dec 1, 1992, and Nov 30, 1993. The use of nafcillin ceased on Nov 30, 1993, and no further cases were recorded in the following 15 months. In the case-control study, the only factor that was significantly associated with the occurrence of acute postoperative azotemia was administration of nafcillin.

Clinical Implications
Intraoperative use of nafcillin may be associated with development of acute postoperative azotemia in dogs. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1996; 208:1043–1047)
Use of the holmium yttrium aluminum garnet laser for percutaneous thoracolumbar intervertebral disk ablation in dogs
Authors: Dickey D. Thomas , Bartels Kenneth E. , Henry George A. , Stair E. L. , Schafer Steven A. , Fry Thomas R. , Nordquist Robert E. 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To evaluate a laser ablation technique for treatment of thoracolumbar intervertebral disk disease in dogs.

Design
Prospective case series.

Animals
33 dogs with signs of recurrent back pain associated with intervertebral disk disease after the initial episode had been managed conservatively for a minimum of 2 weeks.

Procedure
Spinal needles were placed percutaneously through the annulus fibroses to permit delivery of an optical fiber into the nucleus pulposes of thoracolumbar intervertebral disks T10-11 through L3-4. Fluoroscopy was used to guide needle placement. Holmium yttrium aluminum garnet laser energy then was used to ablate the contents of each selected intervertebral disk. Intervals from time of treatment to time of assessment ranged from 3 to 114 weeks.

Results
All dogs recovered without complication. Results of follow-up radiography and histologic evaluation indicated that percutaneous holmium yttrium aluminum garnet laser ablation reduces the volume of nucleus pulposus in treated disks.

Clinical Implications
Used as a clinical treatment and prophylactically, this minimally invasive procedure should prevent further extrusion of partially herniated disks and should reduce the chances of subsequent herniation of disks at other treatment sites. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1996;208:1263–1267)
Clinical and pathologic findings in ferrets with lymphoma: 60 cases (1982–1994)
Authors: Erdman Susan E. , Brown Susan A. , Kawasaki Thomas A. , Moore Frances M. , Li Xiantang , Fox James G. 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To examine clinical and pathologic findings in 60 ferrets with lymphoma.

Design
Retrospective case series.

Animals
60 ferrets in which the diagnosis of lymphoma had been confirmed by means of histologic examination of biopsy or necropsy specimens.

Procedure
Information including age, sex, coat color, history, clinical signs, clinicopathologic abnormalities, treatment, outcome, and results of histologic examination of biopsy and necropsy specimens were retrieved from medical records of ferrets with spontaneous lymphoma examined between 1982 and 1994 at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology or private veterinary practices in 10 states. Classification of lymphoma was assigned according to the National Cancer Institute's working formulation for non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, χ2 Trend analysis was used to determine whether age was associated with history, clinical signs, hematologic abnormalities, stage, histologic grade, or outcome.

Results
Acute onset, mediastinal mass, lymphocytosis, and multicentric distribution were linked with younger ferrets, and lymphopenia and survival longer than 2 months after diagnosis was associated with older ferrets. Twenty percent of ferrets in this study had cohabitated with another ferret with lymphoma. Chemotherapeutic efficacy was not evaluated.

Clinical Implications
Clinical and pathologic features linked with age should be considered when evaluating diagnostic and therapeutic options for ferrets with lymphoma. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1996;208: 1297–1301)
Respiratory function and treatment in dogs with acute respiratory distress syndrome: 19 cases (1985-1993)
Authors: Parent Chantal , King Lesley G. , Van Winkle Thomas J. , Walker Lynn M. 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To characterize respiratory function and treatment in dogs with findings compatible with those of human adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and to evaluate the application in dogs of clinical criteria for diagnosis of ARDS.

Design
Retrospective review of medical records.

Animals
19 dogs with acute respiratory distress syndrome.

Results
Arterial blood pH was 7.30 ± 0.059 (mean ± SD). Nine dogs had metabolic acidosis. In nonmechanically ventilated dogs, Paco2 was 15.0 to 54.9 mm of Hg. Respiratory acidosis developed in 2 mechanically ventilated dogs. Hypoxemia was observed in 4 of 5 dogs breathing room air. In 4 mechanically ventilated dogs, oxygenation was inadequate, despite use of > 60% inspired O2 and positive end-expiratory pressure in 3 dogs. Alveolar-to-arterial oxygen tension gradients were widened in 4 dogs breathing room air and in 6 dogs ventilated with 100% O2.
Ten dogs were mechanically ventilated; ventilatory rate was 18 to 60 breaths/min. Tidal volume was 12 ± 3.8 ml/kg of body weight in 4 dogs, minute ventilation > 400 ml/kg/min in 2 dogs, and peak airway pressures > 25 cm of H2O in 6 dogs. Positive end-expiratory pressure was used in 8 dogs. Pneumothorax was detected in 5 ventilated dogs.
Human clinical criteria for diagnosis of ARDS were fulfilled in 7 dogs. Fluid treatment consisted of IV crystalloids and synthetic colloids. Drugs most often administered were antibiotics and loop diuretics.

Clinical Implications
Human clinical criteria for identification of ARDS may be helpful in diagnosis of acute respiratory distress syndrome in dogs. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1996;208:1428-1433)
Infection of the intertubercular bursa in horses: four cases (1978-1991)
Authors: Vatistas Nicholas J. , Pascoe Jack R. , Wright Ian M. , Dyson Sue J. , Mayhew Ian G. 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To determine the clinical outcome of horses treated for infection of the intertubercular bursa (infectious bicipital bursitis).

Design
Retrospective analysis of case records.

Animals
Four horses referred for treatment of infectious bicipital bursitis.

Procedure
Medical records of horses that were severely lame on admission were reviewed.

Results
In 3 horses, palpation over the bicipital bursa as well as flexion and extension of the scapulohumeral joint were resented. Ultrasonography performed in 1 horse revealed that the bicipital bursa was large and that excessive amounts of fluid containing hyperechoic material were evident within the bicipital bursa. Two horses were treated by the administration of antimicrobial and nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs. Both remained lame and failed to resume their former activity. Two horses additionally were treated surgically by means of a partial synovectomy. Both resumed their former activity although a subtle lameness remained in 1 horse.

Clinical Implications
Partial synovectomy may be useful in the treatment of horses with infectious bicipital bursitis. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1996;208:1434-1437)
Evaluation of outbreaks of disease attributable to eastern equine encephalitis virus in horses
Authors: Ross Whitney A. , Kaneene John B. 
Published: December 2023

Objectives
To evaluate outbreaks of disease attributable to eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV) in horses in Michigan, and the associated environmental patterns and weather conditions, so that factors could be identified that may have predisposed horses in specific areas of the state to infections with EEEV.

Design
Epidemiologic retrospective records analysis.

Animals
Data on EEEV vectors, wild-bird reservoir hosts, and incidental hosts, including horses and human beings, obtained from census reports and medical records compiled between 1942 and 1991.

Procedure
Patterns detected during outbreaks of disease attributable to EEEV infections in horses were compared to associated water drainage patterns, distributions of EEEV vectors, wild-bird reservoir and incidental hosts, and weather conditions.

Results
Michigan has all of the elements required to sustain EEEV on a state-wide basis. Outbreaks of disease attributable to EEEV in horses have recurred in a similar regional distribution in Michigan. Regions of Michigan that have specific patterns for water drainage, specific mosquito species, and areas with higher than expected amounts of precipitation have been associated with outbreaks of disease attributable to EEEV in horses.

Clinical Implications
Evaluation of environmental patterns, weather conditions, and vector and reservoir host distributions may be useful to identify areas in Michigan and elsewhere in which horses and human beings are at increased risk for an outbreak of disease attributable to EEEV. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1996;208:1988-1997)
Tibial stress fractures in racing Standardbreds: 13 cases (1989–1993)
Authors: Ruggles A. J. , Moore R. M. , Bertone A. L. , Schneider R. K. , Bailey M. Q. 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To determine clinical signs, radiographic and scintigraphic findings, and performance outcome of racing Standardbreds with tibial stress fractures.

Design
Retrospective case series.

Animals
13 racing Standardbreds with tibial stressfractures.

Procedure
Information concerning clinical signs, diagnostic evaluation, and recommendations was obtained by review of the medical records. Performance information before and after diagnosis of the fracture was collected from racing records, and follow-up information was obtained from the owners or trainers by use of a telephone questionnaire.

Results
Horses with tibial stress fractures were moderately lame, and diagnosis was made by nuclear scintigraphy and radiography. Fractures were more likely to occur in 2-year-old horses than in older horses. The fracture location was unique for Standardbreds;11 of 13 developed stress fractures in the mid-diaphysis of the tibia, whereas fractures in Thorough breds are usually in the proximal caudal or caudolateral cortex. Fractures occurred in young horses that had raced or were in advanced race training. All horses were treated with rest alone, and 10 of 13 horses raced after injury. The horses that raced after injury were able to return to a level of performance that was equal to or better than the level raced before injury. 8 of 10 horses established a life time-best winning time after injury.

Clinical Implications
Tibial stress fractures are a cause of lameness in young racing Standardbreds. Diagnosisis aided by nuclear scintigraphy. The prognosis for return to previous level of performance after a tibial stress fracture is good. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1996,209:634-637)
Factors that impede animal movement at slaughter plants
Authors: Grandin Temple 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Factors that impede animal movement in slaughter plants and that are likely to cause excitement, stress, or bruises are major mistakes in the design of chutes and stockyard pens; lack of training or poor supervision of employees; distractions that impede animal movement, such as sparkling reflections on a wet floor, air hissing, high-pitched noise, or air drafts blowing down the chute toward approaching animals; poor maintenance of facilities, such as worn out or slick floors that cause animals to fall; and animals from genetic lines that have an excitable temperament. Veterinarians need to be aware of these factors because such factors can cause animals to balk and become excited, which may result in excessive prodding. When a handling system is being evaluated, one must be careful to discriminate between a major design mistake and small distractions that can be easily corrected, but that can ruin the performance of the best systems. A survey of 29 Canadian slaughter plants revealed that 21 % (6 plants) had slick floors that would cause animals to slip and fall, and 27% (8 plants) had high-pitched motor noise or hissing air that caused animals to balk. Air drafts blowing down the chutes, which will often impede animal movement, were a problem in 10% (3) of the plants. Simple modifications of lighting and elimination of air drafts and hissing will often greatly improve animal movement. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1996;209:757–759)
Laryngeal and pharyngeal dysfunction in horses homozygous for hyperkalemic periodic paralysis
Authors: Carr Elizabeth A. , Spier Sharon J. , Kortz Gregg D. , Hoffman Eric P. 
Published: December 2023

Objective
Evaluate histories, clinical signs, and laboratory data of 69 horses homozygous by DNA testing for hyperkalemic periodic paralysis (HPP).

Design
Cohort study.

Sample Population
69 of 189 horses testing homozygous for HPP between October 1992 and November 1994.

Procedure
Questionnaires addressing signalment, training regimes, medical history, and current status of affected horses were sent to owners, trainers, or attending veterinarians. Data from completed questionnaires were tabulated and evaluated, using descriptive statistics.

Results
Sixty-nine (37%) of 189 questionnaires were completed and returned. Clinical episodes of muscle weakness or paralysis varied in severity and frequency from mild muscle fasciculations to recumbency and death. Sixty-three of 68 HPP-affected horses were reported to have had stridor associated with exercise, excitement, stress, or episodes of muscle paralysis. Common endoscopic findings in affected horses included pharyngeal collapse, pharyngeal edema, laryngopalatal dislocation, and laryngeal paralysis. Twelve of 27 horses receiving acetazolamide had decreases in stridor while receiving medication.

Clinical Implications
Most horses testing homozygous for HPP had clinical signs associated with pharyngeal and laryngeal dysfunction. Hyperkalemic periodic paralysis should be included on a differential list for horses examined for signs of laryngeal or pharyngeal dysfunction or stridor. Treatment with acetazolamide may help to control respiratory tract signs associated with this disease. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1996;209:798–803)
Proficiency testing of selected antigen and antibody tests for use in dogs and cats
Authors: Troy Gregory C. , Becker Milton J. , Greene Russell T. 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To determine the correlation of seroimmunologic test results between reference and nonreference laboratories.

Design
Retrospective data analysis.

Procedure
Serum samples obtained from naturally infected dogs and cats were distributed to reference and nonreference laboratories for seroimmunologic testing. Correlation of test results was evaluated by use of nonparametric analysis.

Results
Correlation coefficients were high between laboratory groups for samples tested for feline immunodeficiency virus antibodies, FeLV antigen, and toxoplasmosis antibodies in cats. Results for feline immunodeficiency virus antibody tests from reference laboratories were more likely to be positive than results from nonreference laboratories. Test results for feline infectious peritonitis antibodies, antinuclear antibodies, and Borrelia antibodies in cats were not significant. Coefficient correlations were significant for results of heartworm antigen, Brucella antibodies, Toxoplasma antibodies, antinuclear antibodies, and rheumatoid factor in dogs. Results for Borrelia antibodies were not correlated between laboratory groups.

Clinical Implications
Results were highly correlated between reference and nonreference laboratories for 8 of 14 seroimmunologic tests. Seroimmunologic tests for use in cats were less correlated as a group than those for use in dogs. Poor correlation of results between laboratories was attributed to variations in control agents, antigens, reagents, technical expertise, and cutoff values and end-point titers used for diagnosis. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1996,209:914-917)
Effect of participation by veterinarians in a dairy production medicine continuing education course on management practices and performance of client herds
Authors: Moore Dale A. , Sischo William M. , Hutchinson Lawrence J. 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To determine what effect participation by veterinarians in a dairy production medicine continuing education course would have on herd performance and management practices of client herds.

Design
Cohort study.

Sample Population
56 dairy herds for which health services were provided by veterinarians enrolled in a dairy production medicine continuing education program (treatment herds) and 97 dairy herds for which health services were provided by veterinarians not enrolled in the program (control herds).

Procedure
Management practices were evaluated every year for 4 years (1991 through 1994) by mail questionnaire. Herd performance was evaluated by reviewing Dairy Herd Improvement Association records.

Results
Mean age at first calving for the treatment herds decreased by 2 months over the course of the study. At the end of the study, treatment herds were 3 times more likely to review herd performance with their veterinarian and monitor heifer growth, and 2 times more likely to set goals and conduct adequate estrus detection than were control herds.

Clinical Implications
Effective professional continuing education in production medicine can have a positive impact on health and performance of client herds. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1996;209:1086-1089)
Influence of owner personality type on expression and treatment outcome of dominance aggression in dogs
Authors: Dodman Nicholas H. , Moon Robin , Zelin Martin 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To determine the success rate of positive training methods and behavioral modification techniques in dogs with dominance aggression and to compare personality profiles between owners of dominant-aggressive and nondominant dogs.

Design
Prospective clinical study.

Animals
10 dominant-aggressive dogs and 10 nondominant, nonaggressive control dogs.

Procedure
Dominance aggression was quantified, using an aggression score, in the 10 dominant dogs before and after a nonconfrontational behavior modification program. The personality profile of the owners of dominant and control dogs, assessed by means of a Keirsey temperament sorter, was compared, as was the influence of owner personality on the outcome of behavioral modification in the dominant dogs.

Results
9 of 10 dominant dogs responded to the nonconfrontational treatment program by a decrease in aggressive response to similar eliciting stimuli. Significant differences were not found between the personality of the owners of dominant versus control dogs, and owner personality did not significantly affect the outcome of behavior modification treatment.

Clinical Implications
Nonconfrontational behavior modification programs are effective in reducing owner-directed dominance aggression in dogs, Owner personality does not necessarily predispose certain individuals to assaults by dominant dogs or profoundly affect their ability to engage in a successful behavioral modification program. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1996; 209:1107-1109)