bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accelerated alveolar bone loss in mice lacking interleukin‐10: late onset
Authors: Al‐Rasheed Abdulaziz , Scheerens Heleen , Srivastava Apurva K. , Rennick Donna M. , Tatakis Dimitris N. 
Published: April 2004

Objective and background:  Interleukin‐10 (IL‐10) is an anti‐inflammatory cytokine regulating immune responses. We have previously reported that IL‐10(–/–) mice experience accelerated alveolar bone loss. The purpose of the present study was to examine the timing of the manifestation of accelerated alveolar bone loss in IL‐10(–/–) mice.Materials and methods:  Twenty‐four IL‐10(–/–) and 21 IL‐10(+/+) age‐matched male 129/SvEv mice were used. Sacrifice times occurred at 1, 3 and 9.5 months of age. Alveolar bone loss was determined morphometrically on defleshed jaws. Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used for determination of serum concentration of type I collagen C‐telopeptide, a systemic marker of bone resorption.Results:  Alveolar bone loss for the entire IL‐10(–/–) group was significantly different than for the IL‐10(+/+) group (p = 0.025). There was no significant difference in alveolar bone loss between IL‐10(–/–) and IL‐10(+/+) mice at 1 and 3 months of age. At 9.5 months of age, IL‐10(–/–) mice exhibited 39% greater alveolar bone loss than IL‐10(+/+) mice (p = 0.018). For IL‐10(–/–) mice, alveolar bone loss significantly increased with age. Serum C‐telopeptide levels significantly decreased with age in both groups. IL‐10(–/–) mice had consistently higher C‐telopeptide levels than IL‐10(+/+) mice and the difference between the two groups reached statistical significance (p = 0.011) for the 9.5‐month‐old mice.Conclusions:  These results suggest that the accelerated alveolar bone loss observed in IL‐10(–/–) mice is a late‐onset condition and that lack of IL‐10 may have an effect on bone homeostasis.
A Simple, Accurate Method to Confirm Placement of Intra-Articular Knee Injection
Authors: Glattes Rudolph C. , Spindler Kurt P. , Blanchard Gordon M. , Rohmiller Michael T. , McCarty Eric C. , Block Jake 
Published: April 2004

Background Intra-articular knee injections are routinely performed in clinical practice without documenting intra-articular placement. Hypothesis A small amount of air to an intra-articular knee injection produces an audible “squishing” sound with range of motion. Study Design Prospective nonrandomized clinical trial. Methods The study group (20 knees from 20 patients) received an intra-articular injection with a mixture of local anesthetic, corticosteroid, contrast dye, and 1 to 2 cc of air. The control group (10 knees from 5 patients) received extra-articular injections of a mixture of local anesthetic, contrast dye, and 2 cc of air. All knees were examined immediately after injection for a squishing sound with range of motion. Postinjection arthrographic radiographs were taken to verify the actual placement. Result All study group knees and no control group knees had intra-articular contrast by radiograph. Clearly audible squishing sounds were heard in 17 of 20 study knees (sensitivity of 85%). Squishing sounds were audible in none of the control knees (specificity of 100%). Conclusion Adding 1 to 2 cc of air to knee injections provides a no-cost, reliable, sensitive, and specific method of confirming accurate placement. Clinical Relevance This simple method is easily reproduced, can confirm accurate placement, and can eliminate extra-articular injection as the reason for clinical response failure.
Relationship between Stress Fractures of the Proximal Phalanx of the Great Toe and Hallux Valgus
Authors: Yokoe Kiyoshi , Kameyama Yasushi 
Published: April 2004

Purpose To clarify the relationship between stress fractures of the great toe and hallux valgus. Methods Ten cases of this fracture were analyzed for their alignment of the great toe. Results Nine of them had hallux valgus. Discussion The continuous bowstring effect of the extensor hallux longus and shearing stress on the hallux valgus that occur during specific exercises such as sprinting, jumping, and standing on tiptoe, could cause these stress fractures. Conclusion The hallux valgus could play a role in the cause of stress fractures of the proximal phalanx of the great toe.
Humeral Torque in Professional Baseball Pitchers
Authors: Sabick Michelle B. , Torry Michael R. , Kim Young-Kyu , Hawkins Richard J. 
Published: April 2004

Background Spontaneous fracture of the humeral shaft in throwers is a rare but well-known phenomenon. Although it has been hypothesized that the biomechanics of the throw cause such fractures, it is not clear how or when the fractures occur in the pitching motion. Methods The torque acting about the long axis of the humerus was calculated in 25 professional baseball pitchers throwing in game situations. Results Peak humeral axial torque reached a mean value of 92 ± 16 Nm near the time of maximum shoulder external rotation at the end of the cocking phase. This torque tended to externally rotate the distal end of the humerus relative to its proximal end. The direction of the torque was consistent with the external rotation spiral fractures of the humerus noted to occur in throwers. The magnitude of the peak humeral torque averaged 48% of the theoretical torsional strength of the humerus, suggesting that repetitive stress plays a role in humeral shaft fractures. Conclusions Fractures are most likely to occur near the time of maximum shoulder external rotation when humeral torque peaks. Pitchers whose elbows were more extended at stride foot contact tended to have lower peak humeral torques.
Tibiofemoral Kinematics following Successful Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Using Dynamic Multiple Resonance Imaging
Authors: Logan Martin Charles , Williams Andrew , Lavelle Jonathon , Gedroyc Wady , Freeman Michael 
Published: April 2004

Background The aim of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction is to reduce excess joint laxity, hoping to restore normal tibiofemoral kinematics and therefore improve joint stability. It remains unclear if successful ACL reconstruction restores normal tibiofemoral kinematics and whether it is this that is associated with a good result. Study Case series. Purpose To assess the kinematics of the anterior cruciate ligament-reconstructed knee using open-access MRI. Methods Tibiofemoral motion was assessed using open-access MRI, weightbearing through the arc of flexion from 0° to 90° in 10 patients with isolated reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament (hamstring autograft) in one knee and a normal contralateral knee. Midmedial and midlateral sagittal images were analyzed in all positions of flexion in both knees to assess the tibiofemoral relationship. Sagittal laxity was also assessed by performing the Lachman test while the knees were scanned dynamically using open-access MRI. Results The amount of excursion between the tibial and femoral joint surfaces was similar between the normal and reconstructed knees, but the relationship of tibia to femur was always different for each position of knee flexion assessed—the lateral tibia being about 5 mm more anterior in the anterior cruciate ligament-reconstructed knees. This anterior tibial position is statistically significantly different at 0° (P < .0006), 20° (P = .0004), 45° (P = .002), and 90° of flexion (P < .006). Anteroposterior laxity was similar between normal and anterior cruciate ligament-reconstructed knees. Conclusion Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction reduces sagittal laxity to within normal limits but does not restore normal tibiofemoral kinematics despite a successful outcome.
Graft-versus-host disease after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation induces a CD8+ T cell-mediated graft-versus-tumor effect that is independent of the recognition of alloantigenic tumor targets
Authors: Stelljes Matthias , Strothotte Robert , Pauels Hans-Gerd , Poremba Christopher , Milse Michaela , Specht Christiane , Albring Jörn , Bisping Guido , Scheffold Christian , Kammertoens Thomas , Oelmann Elisabeth , Silling Gerda , Berdel Wolfgang E. , Kienast Joachim 
Published: April 2004

AbstractCure of hematologic malignancies after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is partially attributable to immunocellular antitumor reactions termed graft-versus-tumor (GvT) effect. GvT effects are heterogeneous with respect to effector cell populations, target antigens, and their interrelation with graft-versus-host disease (GvHD). In the present study, allogeneic parent-into-F1 murine transplantation models (BALB/c or C57BL/6 → [C57BL/6 × BALB/c]F1) with different tumors derived from either parental strain were used to evaluate tumor-specific GvT effects. Compared with syngeneic F1-into-F1 controls, significant CD8+ T cell-mediated GvT effects occurred in both allogeneic transplantation models, even in the absence of histoincompatibilities between donor cells and host tumor. Identical genetic background of donor and tumor precluded allorecognition of tumor cells, indicating that tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) were targeted. With allowance made for selective major histocompatibility complex (MHC) disparities between donor cells and normal host tissue, GvHD was identified as a driving force for TAA-specific GvT effects. Adoptive transfer of the effector cells into secondary tumor-bearing recipients confirmed sustained antitumor activity and specificity of the T-cell response. The results provide experimental proof of a donor CD8+ T cell-mediated TAA-specific antitumor response in vivo that is driven by GvHD. It may represent one of the mechanisms contributing to GvT effects observed in allogeneic transplant recipients. (Blood. 2004;104:1210-1216)
Different mechanisms of cyclin D1 overexpression in multiple myeloma revealed by fluorescence in situ hybridization and quantitative analysis of mRNA levels
Authors: Specht Katja , Haralambieva Eugenia , Bink Karin , Kremer Marcus , Mandl-Weber Sonja , Koch Ina , Tomer Raju , Hofler Heinz , Schuuring Ed , Kluin Philip M. , Fend Falko , Quintanilla-Martinez Leticia 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe t(11;14)(q13;q32) is the most common translocation in multiple myeloma (MM), resulting in up-regulation of cyclin D1. We used a segregation fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) assay to detect t(11;14) breakpoints in primary MM cases and real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to quantify cyclin D1 and MYEOV (myeloma overexpressed) expression, another putative oncogene located on chromosome 11q13. High levels of cyclin D1 mRNA (cyclin D1/TBP [TATA box binding protein] ratio &gt; 95) were found exclusively in the presence of a t(11;14) translocation (11/48 cases; P &lt; .00001). In addition, a subgroup of MM cases (15/48) with intermediate to low cyclin D1 mRNA (cyclin D1/TBP ratio between 2.3 and 20) was identified. FISH analysis ruled out a t(11; 14) translocation and 11q13 amplification in these cases; however, in 13 of 15 patients a chromosome 11 polysomy was demonstrated (P &lt; .0001). These results indicate an effect of gene dosage as an alternative mechanism of cyclin D1 deregulation in MM. The absence of chromosome 11 abnormalities in 2 of 15 patients with intermediate cyclin D1 expression supports that there are presumably other mechanism(s) of cyclin D1 deregulation in MM patients. Our data indicate that deregulation of MYEOV is not favored in MM and further strengthens the role of cyclin D1 overexpression in lymphoid malignancies with a t(11;14)(q13;q32) translocation. (Blood. 2004;104:1120-1126)
Genomic DNA-chip hybridization in t(11;14)-positive mantle cell lymphomas shows a high frequency of aberrations and allows a refined characterization of consensus regions
Authors: Kohlhammer Holger , Schwaenen Carsten , Wessendorf Swen , Holzmann Karlheinz , Kestler Hans A. , Kienle Dirk , Barth Thomas F. E. , Möller Peter , Ott German , Kalla Jörg , Radlwimmer Bernhard , Pscherer Armin , Stilgenbauer Stephan , Döhner Hartmut , Lichter Peter , Bentz Martin 
Published: April 2004

AbstractTumor samples of 53 patients with t(11;14)-positive mantle cell lymphomas (MCLs) were analyzed by matrix-based comparative genomic hybridization (matrix-CGH) using a dedicated DNA array. In 49 cases, genomic aberrations were identified. In comparison to chromosomal CGH, a 50% higher number of aberrations was found and the high specificity of matrix-CGH was demonstrated by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analyses. The 11q gains and 13q34 deletions, which have not been described as frequent genomic aberrations in MCL, were identified by matrix-CGH in 15 and 26 cases, respectively. For several genomic aberrations, novel consensus regions were defined: 8p21 (size of the consensus region, 2.4 megabase pairs [Mbp]; candidate genes: TNFRSF10B, TNFRSF10C, TNFRSF10D); 10p13 (2.7 Mbp; BMI1); 11q13 (1.4 Mbp; RELA); 11q13 (5.2 Mbp; CCND1); 13q14 (0.4 Mbp; RFP2, BCMSUN) and 13q34 (6.9 Mbp). In univariate analyses correlating genomic aberrations and clinical course, 8p- and 13q14- deletions were associated with an inferior overall survival. These data provide a basis for further studies focusing on the identification of pathogenetically or clinically relevant genes in MCL.
Differential outcomes of human cytomegalovirus infection in primitive hematopoietic cell subpopulations
Authors: Goodrum Felicia , Jordan Craig T. , Terhune Scott S. , High Kevin , Shenk Thomas 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe cellular reservoir for latent human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) in the hematopoietic compartment, and the mechanisms governing a latent infection and reactivation from latency are unknown. Previous work has demonstrated that HCMV infects CD34+ progenitors and expresses a limited subset of viral genes. The outcome of HCMV infection may depend on the cell subpopulations infected within the heterogeneous CD34+ compartment. We compared HCMV infection in well-defined CD34+ cell subpopulations. HCMV infection inhibited hematopoietic colony formation from CD34+/CD38– but not CD34+/c-kit+ cells. CD34+/CD38– cells transiently expressed a large subset of HCMV genes that were not expressed in CD34+/c-kit+ cells or cells expressing more mature cell surface phenotypes. Although viral genomes were present in infected cells, viral gene expression was undetectable by 10 days after infection. Importantly, viral replication could be reactivated by coculture with permissive fibroblasts only from the CD34+/CD38– population. Strikingly, a subpopulation of CD34+/CD38– cells expressing a stem cell phenotype (lineage–/Thy-1+) supported a productive HCMV infection. These studies demonstrate that the outcome of HCMV infection in the hematopoietic compartment is dependent on the nature of the cell subpopulations infected and that CD34+/CD38– cells support an HCMV infection with the hallmarks of latency.
Gene-trap expression screening to identify endothelial-specific genes
Authors: Hirashima Masanori , Bernstein Alan , Stanford William L. , Rossant Janet 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe endothelial cell is a key cellular component for blood vessel formation. Many signaling receptors expressed in endothelial cells play critical roles in vascular development during embryogenesis. However, downstream response genes required for vascular differentiation are still not clearly identified. Here we describe the development of a protocol for gene-trap expression screening in embryonic stem (ES) cells for endothelial-specific genes. ES cells were differentiated into endothelial cells on an OP9 feeder cell layer in 96-well plates. In a pilot screen, 5 gene-trapped ES cell lines showed an up-regulated expression of the gene trap lacZ reporter out of 864 ES clones screened. One of the trapped genes was endoglin, an endothelial-specific transforming growth factor-β type III receptor, and another was ASPP1, a p53-binding protein. In vivo expression analysis of the lacZ reporter confirmed that both genes are specifically expressed in endothelial cells during early mouse embryogenesis. Gene-trap expression screening can thus be used to identify early endothelial-specific genes and analyze their function in mice.
Severe subacute GM2 gangliosidosis caused by an apparently silent HEXA mutation (V324V) that results in aberrant splicing and reduced HEXA mRNA
Authors: Wicklow Brandy A. , Ivanovich Jennifer L. , Plews Margot M. , Salo Timothy J. , Noetzel Michael J. , Lueder Gregg T. , Cartegni Luca , Kaback Michael M. , Sandhoff Konrad , Steiner Robert D. , Triggs‐Raine Barbara L. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractWe have characterized the molecular basis of β‐hexosaminidase A (HEX A) deficiency in a patient ascertained through an ophthalmologic examination that revealed cherry red spots on his retina. The absence of neurological deficit in this child until 3${\raise0.5ex\hbox{3}\kern-0.1em/\kern-0.15em\lower0.25ex\hbox{4}}$ years of age indicated residual HEX A must be present. Three HEXA mutations, 10T > C (S4P) and 972T > A (V324V) on the maternal allele, and 1A > T (M1L) on the paternal allele were identified. The effects of the amino acid substitutions on HEX A expressed in COS‐7 cells were analyzed; as expected, no HEX A activity was associated with the M1L mutation but surprisingly, the S4P mutation resulted in 59% of the HEX A activity expressed by the wild type cDNA. The effect of the S4P change was much less than that of another HEXA mutation, G269S, associated with an adult onset form of GM2 gangliosidosis. This indicated that the S4P change was not the cause of disease and suggested that one of the mutations on the maternal allele, 10T > C or 972T > A, had its effect at the mRNA level. This was confirmed by Northern blot analysis that showed only 7% of the normal level of HEXA mRNA in proband fibroblasts. Analysis of the residual mRNA by RT/PCR and sequencing revealed normal transcripts from both the maternal and paternal allele, as well as a low abundance aberrant transcript from the maternal allele. Sequencing of this aberrant transcript revealed a new exon 8 donor site created by the 972T > A mutation that resulted in a 17 bp deletion and destabilization of the resulting abnormal transcript. The remaining normal mRNA produced from the 972T > A allele must account for the delayed onset of clinical symptoms in this child. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effects of glipizide GITS and glibenclamide on metabolic control, hepatic glucose production, and insulin secretion in patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Go Eugene H. , Kyriakidou‐Himonas Marinella , Berelowitz Michael 
Published: April 2004

AbstractObjectiveEvaluation of effects of glipizide gastrointestinal therapeutic system (GITS) administered once daily (AM or PM) and glibenclamide on glycemic control, insulin secretory response, and hepatic glucose production (HGP) in patients with type 2 diabetes.MethodsIn a randomized, double‐blind, and placebo‐controlled study, subjects (HbA1c between 8.6 and 10.0%) received a titrated daily dose (5–20 mg) of either glipizide GITS AM (n = 11), glipizide GITS PM (n = 10), glibenclamide (n = 11), or placebo (n = 10) for eight weeks. Fasting and 24‐h glucose and insulin, HGP, fructosamine, and HbA1c were measured at baseline and at study conclusion; glucose and insulin were also evaluated after Sustacal® challenge.ResultsFasting and 24‐h glucose were significantly reduced by glipizide GITS AM (33%, p < 0.001; 39%, p < 0.0001), glipizide GITS PM (33%, p < 0.0001; 32%, p < 0.0001), and glibenclamide (37%, p < 0.05; 37%, p < 0.0001). Fasting insulin was not significantly increased by any treatment; 24‐h insulin was not increased by glipizide GITS AM, but was elevated by glipizide GITS PM (39%, p < 0.05) and glibenclamide (23%, p < 0.05). Fructosamine and HbA1c were significantly reduced by glipizide GITS AM (28%, p < 0.001; 22%, p < 0.0001), glipizide GITS PM (25%, p < 0.005; 24%, p < 0.005), and glibenclamide (17%, p < 0.001; 14%, p < 0.05). Glipizide GITS AM and glibenclamide significantly reduced HGP by approximately 19% (p < 0.05) and 17% (p < 0.01) respectively. Glipizide GITS and glibenclamide significantly (p < 0.0001) decreased the glucose excursion after Sustacal challenge. The reductions in glucose excursions were accompanied by significant (p < 0.05) increases in the insulin response, suggesting an improvement in meal‐related insulin secretion.ConclusionsGlipizide GITS and glibenclamide treatment are effective agents for improving fasting plasma glucose and HbA1c. Each possessed a suppressive effect on basal HGP and improved postprandial glycemia, but only glipizide GITS AM was effective without causing a persistent elevation in insulin. This profile of glipizide GITS AM is therapeutically attractive, as it is consistent with the potential for a reduced risk of hypoglycemia. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Commentary: TCR–MHC/peptide interactions: kissing‐cousins or a shotgun wedding?
Authors: Huseby Eric , Kappler John , Marrack Philippa 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe purpose of this Commentary is to put into modern‐day perspective Jerne's hypothesis that antigen receptors encoded in the genome have been evolutionarily selected for their ability toreact with major histocompatibility proteins and that the process of eliminating self reactivity is the catalyst for the generation of diversity of antigen receptors. In writing his hypothesis Jerne was trying to deal with the obsession of the immune system with the MHC, an obsession that was manifest in his days by the strong reactions of the immune system with allogeneic MHC proteins. However, Jerne's hypothesis also took on other issues that were not understood at the time — issues that included lymphocyte selection and tolerance, the generation of somatic diversity and the ability of the MHC to control responses to other antigens. In so doing, Jerne generated a hypothesis that accounted remarkably satisfactorily for what was known in 1971. Whilst the details of much of the hypothesis have since turned out to be incorrect, in his ideas Jerne did anticipate many of the most interesting and surprising findings of the subsequent 33 years.See accompanying article http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eji.200425132
Courseware for remote learning in environmental engineering
Authors: Engel Claudia , Souto José A. , Bello Pastora M. , Casares Juan J. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractWeb‐based courseware was developed to complement a postgraduate course on Environmental Management. The online material was designed to allow the students to approach the topic intuitively and interactively in a selfpaced mode. Graduate students, including biologists, chemists, physicists and engineers should be able to get a good understanding of the technical issues involved. In order to intuitively understand the effects of the emission and meteorological conditions with respect to the plume rise, a simple simulation program has been developed that includes two different modeling approaches to estimate the plume rise: the Briggs methods [1] for stable and neutral/unstable conditions, and Zhang & Ghoniem [2] model for stable conditions.The courseware was used by 20 students. Students' feedback about the use of this tool was obtained and evaluated by means of questionnaires. The tool will be applied in future courses. A more extended version of the program is being developed and adapted as a professional tool for air pollution regulatory purposes.
Treatment of PCB‐contaminated soils: I. Evaluation of in situ reductive dechlorination of PCBs
Authors: Ahlert Robert C. , Peters Robert W. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractSoil samples were obtained from a site contaminated with PCBs. PCB contamination is not uniform at the source of the samples. Some may be present as isolated “hot spots.” The anaerobic phase of a two‐stage bioremediation process was evaluated. Populations of native organisms were very low. Species capable of dechlorination of PCBs did not proliferate under anaerobic conditions in the laboratory. Reductive dechlorination did not occur. In‐situ reductive dechlorination of heavily substituted PCB congeners is not likely to make a useful contribution to elimination at the site represented by the soil samples.