bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The unexpected consequences of predictor error in ecological model selection
Authors: Manthey Georg , Liedvogel Miriam , Haest Birgen , Manthey Michael , Wynn Joe 
Published: December 2023

1AbstractThe ability to select statistical models based on how well they fit an empirical dataset is a central tenet of modern bioscience. How well this works, though, depends on how goodness-of-fit is measured. Likelihood and its derivatives (e.g. AIC) are popular and powerful tools when measuring goodness-of-fit, though inherently make assumptions about the data. One such assumption is absence of error on the x-axis (i.e. no error in the predictor). This, however, is often not correct and deviations from this assumption are often hard (or impossible) to measure.Here, we show that, when predictor error is present, goodness-of-fit as perceived using likelihood will increase with decreases in sample size, effect size, predictor error and predictor variance. This results in predictors with increased effect size, predictor variance or predictor error being punished. As a consequence, we suggest that larger effect sizes are biased against in likelihood-based model comparison. Of note: (i) this problem is exacerbated in datasets with larger samples sizes and a broader range of predictor values - typically considered desirable biological data collection; and (ii) the magnitude of this effect is non-trivial given that ‘proxy error’ (caused by using correlates of a predictor rather than the predictor itself) can lead to unexpectedly high amounts of error.We investigate the effects of our findings in an empirical dataset of wood anemone (Anemone nemorosa) first flowering date regressed against temperature. Our results show that the proxy error caused by using air temperature rather than ground temperature results in a ∆AIC of around 3. We also demonstrate potential consequences for model selection procedures with autocorrelation (e.g. ‘sliding window’ approaches). Via simulation we show that in the presence of predictor error AIC will favour autocorrelated, lower effect size predictors (such as those found on the edges of predictive windows), rather than thea priorispecified ‘true’ window.Our results suggest significant and far-reaching implications for biological inference with model selection for much of today’s ecology using observational data under non-experimental conditions. We assert that no obvious, globally-applicable solution to this problem exists; and propose that quantifying predictor error is key in accurate ecological model selection going forward.
Developmental trajectories in infants and pre-school children with Neurofibromatosis 1
Authors: Slevin Hannah , Kehinde Fiona , Begum-Ali Jannath , Ellis Ceri , Burkitt-Wright Emma , Green Jonathan , Johnson Mark H. , Pasco Greg , Charman Tony , Jones Emily J.H , Garg Shruti 
Published: December 2023

AbstractObjectiveThis prospective cohort study examines the cognitive, behavioural, ADHD trait and autism symptom development in infant and pre-school children with Neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1) compared with typically developing (TD) children without a family history of neurodevelopmental conditions.MethodsData from standardised tests was gathered at 5, 10, 14, 24 and 36 months of age (NF1 n=35, TD n=29). Developmental trajectories of cognitive and adaptive behavioural development from 5 to 36 months were analysed using linear mixed modelling. Measures of ADHD and autism traits were assessed at 24 and 36 months.ResultsThe developmental trajectory of cognitive skills (all domains of the Mullen Scales of Early Learning -MSEL) and behavioural skills (four domains of the Vineland Adaptive Behaviour Scale -VABS) differed significantly between NF1 and TD groups. Post-hoc tests demonstrated that the NF1 participants scored significantly lower than TD participants at 24 months on all MSEL and VABS domains. The NF1 cohort demonstrated higher mean autism and ADHD traits at 24 months and 14% of the NF1 cohort met a research diagnostic classification for autism at 36 months.ConclusionBy 24 months of age, the NF1 cohort show lower cognitive skills and adaptive behaviour and higher levels of autism and ADHD traits as compared to TD children.
BrainAGE Estimation: Influence of Field Strength, Voxel Size, Race, and Ethnicity
Authors: Dempsey Desarae A. , Deardorff Rachael , Wu Yu-Chien , Yu Meichen , Apostolova Liana G. , Brosch Jared , Clark David G. , Farlow Martin R. , Gao Sujuan , Wang Sophia , Saykin Andrew J. , Risacher Shannon L. ,   the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe BrainAGE method is used to estimate biological brain age using structural neuroimaging. However, the stability of the model across different scan parameters and races/ethnicities has not been thoroughly investigated. Estimated brain age was compared within- and across-MRI field strength and across voxel sizes. Estimated brain age gap (BAG) was compared across demographically matched groups of different self-reported races and ethnicities in ADNI and IMAS cohorts. Longitudinal ComBat was used to correct for potential scanner effects. The brain age method was stable within field strength, but less stable across different field strengths. The method was stable across voxel sizes. There was a significant difference in BAG between races, but not ethnicities. Correction procedures are suggested to eliminate variation across scanner field strength while maintaining accurate brain age estimation. Further studies are warranted to determine the factors contributing to racial differences in BAG.
Understanding Barriers and Facilitators of Primary Care Use Among Assertive Community Treatment Teams Via Qualitative Analysis of Clients and Clinicians
Authors: Zhao Sophia , Mathis Walter 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIndividuals with severe mental illness and substance use disorders face complex barriers to achieving physical health. This study aims to explore the barriers and facilitators of primary care access among an Assertive Community Treatment (ACT) team. Semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with 14 clients and 7 clinicians from an ACT team at a community mental health center in Connecticut. Data analysis followed a grounded theory approach, with codes and themes emerging iteratively during the interview process. The study identified multifaceted barriers to accessing primary care, including economic challenges, homelessness, and the prioritization of mental health and substance use symptoms over healthcare. The conceptual framework consists of seven dominant themes: clients’ abilities, attitudes, experiences, knowledge, motivations, resources, and ACT-team level factors. This research provides valuable insights into the various barriers faced by ACT clients in accessing primary care. Improving primary care access for individuals with severe mental illness and substance use disorders is crucial for reducing health disparities in this vulnerable population.
Exploring perceptions of and attitudes towards tanning with school children, parents/carers and educators in Wales: A mixed methods study protocol for the SunChat study
Authors: Porres Gisselle Tur , Lanyon Kirsty , Abbott Rachel , Lewis Helen , Marchant Emily , Peconi Julie 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundSkin cancer comprises half of all cancers in England and Wales. Most skin cancers can be prevented with safer sun exposure. As over exposure as a child can greatly increase future skin cancer risk, early and accessible sun safe education and promotion of sun safe behaviours is critical. Scientists agree there is no such thing as a ‘safe tan’, yet the public, including children, often have positive perceptions of tanned skin. To protect against future skin cancer, it is important to understand and address these misconceptions. The Curriculum for Wales with its area for Health and Well-being, and autonomy for schools in designing curriculum content, presents an ideal way to facilitate this exploration.AimsGather data regarding perceptions towards tanning to explore the perceived effects of a tan on health.Inform the development and testing of a pilot toolkit for integration within the Curriculum for Wales to encourage positive health behaviours and attitudes of school children towards tanning and sun exposure.MethodsSunChat is a mixed methods exploratory study comprising three work streams:Workshops with school children to understand their perceptions on tanning.An online multiple-choice survey with parents/carers to understand perceptions, attitudes and behaviours towards tanning both for themselves and their children.An informal focus group with primary school educators to explore challenges in engaging with the school community around the Health and Well-being Area in the Curriculum for Wales.DiscussionTo date, there has been no work in Wales exploring children’s, parents/carers’, and educators’ perceptions of tanning and how healthier attitudes can be encouraged. This study will engage with children, parents/carers, and primary school educators to scope current tanning perceptions and the perceived effects tanning has on health, to feed into future toolkit and curriculum development for health in schools in Wales and beyond.
Communicating about sustainability in fashion: a construal level theory approach
Authors: Lee Zoe , Gordon-Wilson Sianne , Davies Iain , Pring Cara 
Published: December 2023

Purpose
Communication about sustainability in fashion is complex. While fashion businesses have increasingly sought to manage their sustainability practices, their understanding of how to communicate about sustainability persuasively remains limited. The authors argue that a key problem with a firm’s efforts in communicating about sustainability is that it is a psychologically distant issue for both businesses and stakeholders. This paper aims to apply construal level theory to explore managers’ construal level in shaping communication about sustainability.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper used a two-phase qualitative methodology. Phase one involved undertaking interviews with ten managers in fashion firms to address communications about sustainability in the UK. In phase two, 16 consumers interpreted and reflected on the persuasiveness of communications about sustainability encompassing both concrete and abstract forms of messaging.

Findings
The authors identify the factors driving different approaches to communication (concrete and abstract) depending on the construal levels of managers, managers’ perceptions of the construal level of target stakeholders and the perceived authenticity of the sustainability claim. The paper highlights the conditions under which the (mis)match with the brands’ sustainable practices works in crafting communication. The authors also highlight three main communication strategies in responding to the complexity of sustainability in fashion ecosystems: amplification, quiet activist and populist coupling.

Research limitations/implications
As an in-depth qualitative study, the authors seek to expose an under-researched phenomenon, yet generalisations both within the fashion industry and beyond are limited by this focus.

Practical implications
Fashion managers need to be flexible and evaluate how their communications about sustainability affect stakeholders’ evaluations of their brands. As sustainability in fashion brands grows, concrete and specific sustainability messaging may be necessary to improve sustainable behaviours.

Originality/value
The prevailing literature encourages symbiosis between sustainability practices and communications; such relationships are rare, and studies outside the consumer perspective are also rare. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this exploratory study is the first to understand how managers’ construal level influences decisions around communications about sustainability in fashion and how these messages are perceived by consumers.
Young people and terrorism: a systematic review of risk and vulnerability factors, and implications for intervention
Authors: Galvin Carol , Martin Aisling , Milburn Paige , Kennedy Patrick John 
Published: December 2023

Purpose
Factors that may influence risk and/or vulnerability to young people’s involvement in terrorism are currently unclear. Understanding the factors that contribute to a young person’s risk profile is a high priority for Youth Justice Services to enable the development of targeted interventions and subsequent risk reduction. The purpose of this study is to systematically identify and critically review studies relating to young peoples’ involvement in terrorism to understand potential risk and/or vulnerability factors and the implications for intervention.

Design/methodology/approach
Literature was evaluated using the systematic review method. Twelve papers were selected for the systematic review according to the inclusion criteria.

Findings
Twelve factors emerged that indicated relevance to terrorism by young people and were combined into five overarching themes: contextual, social, psychological factors, trauma and use of time.

Originality/value
This systematic review is one of the first of its kind relating to terrorism by young people. The reported findings will be valuable to practitioners seeking to understand the risk and vulnerability factors related to terrorism by young people and the implications for intervention. Directions for future research are explored.
Cost efficiency of municipal green bonds’ measures: a marginal abatement cost curves approach
Authors: Piseddu Tommaso , Vanhuyse Fedra 
Published: December 2023

Purpose
With more cities aiming to achieve climate neutrality, identifying the funding to support these plans is essential. The purpose of this paper is to exploit the present of a structured green bonds framework in Sweden to investigate the typology of abatement projects Swedish municipalities invested in and understand their effectiveness.

Design/methodology/approach
Marginal abatement cost curves of the green bond measures are constructed by using the financial and abatement data provided by municipalities on an annual basis.

Findings
The results highlight the economic competitiveness of clean energy production, measured in abatement potential per unit of currency, even when compared to other emerging technologies that have attracted the interest of policymakers. A comparison with previous studies on the cost efficiency of carbon capture storage reveals that clean energy projects, especially wind energy production, can contribute to the reduction of emissions in a more efficient way. The Swedish carbon tax is a good incentive tool for investments in clean energy projects.

Originality/value
The improvement concerning previous applications is twofold: the authors expand the financial considerations to include the whole life-cycle costs, and the authors consider all the greenhouse gases. This research constitutes a prime in using financial and environmental data produced by local governments to assess the effectiveness of their environmental measures.
Multi‐channel seismic reflection study of tectonic–sedimentary features and subduction initiation in the middle Kyushu–Palau Ridge and adjacent basins
Authors: Ke Qin , Fanghui Hou , Qizhen Du , Kai Lu , Jingtao Zhao , Panfeng Li , Xiangjun Meng , Wei Huang , Gang Hu , Jun Sun , Xiaohan Gong 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe Kyushu–Palau Ridge and adjacent basins are ideal locations for investigating the formation and evolution of marginal seas and initiation of plate subduction. In this study, the tectonic–sedimentary features and crustal structure of the Kyushu–Palau Ridge and adjacent basins were investigated using newly obtained deep seismic reflection and borehole data. The initial mechanism of subduction in the West Philippine Sea and its tectonic evolution are discussed. Two sets of sedimentary strata with different provenances occur in the eastern Philippine Basin. The thickness of the lower strata is variable, and most of the sediment was sourced from island arc volcanism on the Kyushu–Palau Ridge. These strata thicken towards the Kyushu–Palau Ridge, and volcaniclastic rock aprons are developed near the foot of the Kyushu–Palau Ridge. The upper strata have a relatively uniform thickness and comprise fine‐grained, deep‐water marine sediments. The crustal thickness of the West Philippine and Parece Vela Basins is 6–7 km, which is similar to the global average thickness of oceanic crust. The Moho beneath the West Philippine Basin has a broad and undulating form that mimics the thickness of the oceanic crust beneath the sediments. The depth to the Moho decreases towards the Central Basin Spreading Center. The Moho beneath the Parece Vela Basin is planar, which is in contrast to the undulating nature of the oceanic crust base in this area. The West Philippine Basin may have been located at the northern margin of Australia in the Southern Hemisphere during the Mesozoic. It developed gradually in a continental margin arc as a result of Palaeogene inter‐arc and oceanic extension and contains fragments of continental crust. Seismic profiles and drillhole data in the West Philippine Basin reveal that compression occurred during the Eocene. Subduction along the paleo‐Izu–Bonin–Mariana arc may have been caused by the far‐field effects of the India–Asia collision. Subduction was accompanied by lateral propagation and a compressive stress field until the break‐up of the island arc at ca. 30 Ma.
Fruit production in coffee (Coffea arabica L.) crops is enhanced by the behaviour of wild bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae)
Authors: Escobar‐González Denisse , Landaverde‐González Patricia , Casiá‐Ajché Quebin Bosbely , Morales‐Siná Javier , Cardona Edson , Mejía‐Coroy Alfredo , Enríquez Eunice 
Published: December 2023

AbstractChanges in floral visitors' diversity and community composition have been reported to affect coffee production, which optimal growing conditions are cool to warm tropical climates found in the coffee belt. However, few studies have focused on understanding how insects' foraging behaviour (e.g., contact with floral reproductive organs) relates with coffee production. Thus, it is important to consider floral visitors' foraging behaviour, as this can influence the transfer of conspecific pollen required for plant fertilisation, the efficiency of floral visitors and improve the pollination service provided. Here, we assessed how foraging behaviour of honeybees and stingless bees affects coffee fruit set and fruit weight in conventional and agroecological managed crops. We quantified local floral resources and recorded diversity, abundance and behaviour of floral visitors at eight pairs of sites with agroecological and conventional management systems to assess how foraging behaviour of honeybees and stingless bees affects coffee fruit set and fruit weight in both types of managed crops. We found that the managed honeybee Apis mellifera and three wild bees Tetragonisca angustula, Scaptotrigona mexicana and Partamona bilineata are the principal floral visitors of coffee crops in Guatemala, whose total abundance but not richness was higher in agroecological areas. Regarding their behaviours, we observed that the average number of flowers visited by P. bilineata and its behaviour of touching the nectaries of coffee flowers were positively related to fruit set, while only the percentage of A. mellifera carrying pollen was positively related with fruit weight, suggesting that although A. mellifera is found in large quantities, wild bees are also efficient pollinators of coffee in the region. Our findings also suggest that in other tropical regions where coffee is grown and honeybees have been observed as a primary pollinator, wild bees may play an important role when considering their behaviour. In the same way, coffee farms in Guatemala are a representation of the diversity of agroecosystems found worldwide, and thus, the study of foraging behaviour of managed and wild bees and the conservation of wild bee species in different coffee agroecosystems should be emphasised to improve the production of coffee and other cash crops.
Low foraging rates drive large insectivorous bats away from urban areas
Authors: Stidsholt Laura , Scholz Carolin , Hermanns Uwe , Teige Tobias , Post Martin , Stapelfeldt Bianca , Reusch Christine , Voigt Christian C. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractUrbanization has significant impacts on wildlife and ecosystems and acts as an environmental filter excluding certain species from local ecological communities. Specifically, it may be challenging for some animals to find enough food in urban environments to achieve a positive energy balance. Because urban environments favor small‐sized bats with low energy requirements, we hypothesized that common noctules (Nyctalus noctula) acquire food at a slower rate and rely less on conspecifics to find prey in urban than in rural environments due to a low food abundance and predictable distribution of insects in urban environments. To address this, we estimated prey sizes and measured prey capture rates, foraging efforts, and the presence of conspecifics during hunting of 22 common noctule bats equipped with sensor loggers in an urban and rural environment. Even though common noctule bats hunted similar‐sized prey in both environments, urban bats captured prey at a lower rate (mean: 2.4 vs. 6.3 prey attacks/min), and a lower total amount of prey (mean: 179 vs. 377 prey attacks/foraging bout) than conspecifics from rural environments. Consequently, the energy expended to capture prey was higher for common noctules in urban than in rural environments. In line with our prediction, urban bats relied less on group hunting, likely because group hunting was unnecessary in an environment where the spatial distribution of prey insects is predictable, for example, in parks or around floodlights. While acknowledging the limitations of a small sample size and low number of spatial replicates, our study suggests that scarce food resources may make urban habitats unfavorable for large bat species with higher energy requirements compared to smaller bat species. In conclusion, a lower food intake may displace larger species from urban areas making habitats with high insect biomass production key for protecting large bat species in urban environments.
In situ reaction synthesis of high‐entropy carbide/diboride composite with high mechanical properties
Authors: Tan Yongqiang , Liao Wei , Teng Zhen , Zhou Xiaosong 
Published: December 2023

AbstractA novel technique to simultaneously lower the synthesis temperature of high‐entropy carbides and maintain their high mechanical properties was proposed. Certain amount of carbon vacancies was first introduced to significantly lower the temperature down to 2000°C for uniform elemental distributions in high‐entropy carbides. Those carbon vacancies were then fully eliminated through the reaction between high‐entropy carbides and certain amount of boron carbide. Concomitantly, the high‐entropy boride phase was formed. The elimination of carbon vacancies and the formation of high‐entropy boride phase significantly improved the mechanical properties of the high‐entropy carbides. A high mechanical strength over 500 MPa can be obtained by phase optimization.