bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nitrogen enrichment decreases seagrass contributions to refractory organic matter pools
Authors: Luo Hongxue , Liu Songlin , Trevathan‐Tackett Stacey M. , Ren Yuzheng , Liang Jiening , Li Jinlong , Jiang Zhijian , Wu Yunchao , Huang Xiaoping 
Published: January 2024

AbstractCoastal nitrogen enrichment significantly contributes to the decline of seagrass health and habitat, thereby diminishing its capacity to capture and sequester carbon (i.e., Blue Carbon). However, the consequences to blue carbon stocks due to sublethal changes in chemical recalcitrance of seagrass organic matter (OM) caused by nitrogen enrichment is unknown. In this study, we investigated the effects of nitrogen‐loading on the chemical composition of meadow‐forming Thalassia hemprichii. We found that the amino acid content in seagrass leaves and rhizomes increased with nitrogen loading, while the total labile OM and refractory OM (i.e., cellulose and lignin) content in seagrass leaves, sheaths, and roots generally decreased with nitrogen loading. Additionally, cellulose and lignin within sheath tissues showed a threshold response whereby refractory OM dropped when leaf nitrogen content (i.e., indicator of nitrogen loading) exceeded 2.2%. The rhizome labile OM and cellulose content also peaked at 2.2% leaf nitrogen content but subsequently reduced to a minimum at ~2.9% leaf nitrogen. The threshold of 2.2% leaf nitrogen content, equivalent to 43~72 μM dissolved inorganic nitrogen concentration in sediment pore water, may be utilized to forecast the contribution of seagrass refractory OM to sediments. It was estimated that high nitrogen loading could result in a loss of 309–645 kg ha−1 of refractory OM inputs in this study sites. The findings underscore that nitrogen enrichment has sublethal but significant negative impacts on carbon cycling via the reduction of refractory OM in seagrass biomass, consequently weakening the autochthonous contribution of seagrass to long‐term carbon sequestration.
Cohomological connectivity of perturbations of map‐germs
Authors: Liu Yongqiang , Peñafort Sanchis Guillermo , Zach Matthias 
Published: January 2024

AbstractLet be a finite map‐germ with and the image of a small perturbation . We show that the reduced cohomology of is concentrated in a range of degrees determined by the dimension of the instability locus of . In the case , we obtain an analogous result, replacing finiteness by ‐finiteness and by the discriminant . We also study the monodromy associated to the perturbation .
H+‐slip correlated to rotor free‐wheeling as cause of F1FO‐ATPase dysfunction in primary mitochondrial disorders
Authors: Nesci Salvatore , Romeo Giovanni 
Published: January 2024

AbstractInborn errors of metabolism are related to mitochondrial disorders caused by dysfunction of the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) system. Congenital hypermetabolism in the infant is a rare disease belonging to Luft syndrome, nonthyroidal hypermetabolism, arising from a singular example of a defect in OXPHOS. The mitochondria lose coupling of mitochondrial substrates oxidation from the ADP phosphorylation. Since Luft syndrome is due to uncoupled cell respiration responsible for deficient in ATP production that originates in the respiratory complexes, a de novo heterozygous variant in the catalytic subunit of mitochondrial F1FO‐ATPase arises as the main cause of an autosomal dominant syndrome of hypermetabolism associated with dysfunction in ATP production, which does not involve the respiratory complexes. The F1FO‐ATPase works as an embedded molecular machine with a rotary action using two different motor engines. The FO, which is an integral domain in the membrane, dissipates the chemical potential difference for H+, a proton motive force (Δp), across the inner membrane to generate a torsion. The F1 domain—the hydrophilic portion responsible for ATP turnover—is powered by the molecular rotary action to synthesize ATP. The structural and functional coupling of F1 and FO domains support the energy transduction for ATP synthesis. The dissipation of Δp by means of an H+ slip correlated to rotor free‐wheeling of the F1FO‐ATPase has been discovered to cause enzyme dysfunction in primary mitochondrial disorders. In this insight, we try to offer commentary and analysis of the molecular mechanism in these impaired mitochondria.
Predicting failure times of coherent systems
Authors: Navarro Jorge , Arriaza Antonio , Suárez‐Llorens Alfonso 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe article is focused on studying how to predict the failure times of coherent systems from the early failure times of their components. Both the cases of independent and dependent components are considered by assuming that they are identically distributed (homogeneous components). The heterogeneous components' case can be addressed similarly but more complexly. The present study is for non‐repairable systems, but the information obtained could be used to decide if a maintenance action should be carried out at time . Different cases are considered regarding the information available at time . We use quantile regression techniques to predict the system failure times and to provide prediction intervals. The theoretical results are applied to specific system structures in some illustrative examples.
Short Postoperative Length of Stay After Lateral Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak Repair
Authors: Shannon Christian M. , Sturm Joshua J. , Durrant Frederick G. , Meyer Ted A. , McRackan Theodore R. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo characterize the short‐term outcomes of patients undergoing surgical repair of lateral skull base cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks followed by a shortened length of stay (LOS) protocol.Study DesignRetrospective study.SettingTertiary medical center.MethodsA total of 156 adult patients from July 2016 to December 2022 who underwent repair of CSF leaks via transmastoid (TM), middle cranial fossa (MCF), or combined (TM/MCF) approaches were included. Data collected included: LOS, presentation to the emergency department (ED), need for readmission, major neurologic complications (stroke, seizure, and meningitis), and CSF leak recurrence.ResultsApproximately half of patients underwent a TM repair (49.4%), whereas the other half underwent either an MCF (3.8%) or combined TM/MCF repair (46.8%). No peri‐/postoperative lumbar drains were used and only 2 (1.3%) patients were admitted to the intensive care unit after surgery. Mean LOS for the cohort was 1.1 ± 0.7 days and was longer for surgeries involving MCF (1.3 ± 0.6) compared to TM (0.8 ± 0.7). Ninety‐two percent of TM cases were discharged within 24 hours (32% on the same day) while for cases involving an MCF approach, 72.2% of patients were discharged within 24 hours. Of the patients in the study, 6 (3.8%) presented to an ED for minor complications and no patient required readmission. Revision surgery was required for 3 (1.9%) patients for recurrent CSF leak.ConclusionOur findings suggest that short LOS after surgical repair of lateral skull base defects in the treatment of CSF leak is safe and effective.
Durability of carbon/basalt hybrid fiber reinforced polymer bars immersed in alkaline solution
Authors: Fu Huanchang , Xu Yanmiao , Li Wenkang , Lu Zhongyu , Liang Jiahao , Xie Jianhe 
Published: January 2024

AbstractUsing basalt fiber‐reinforced polymer (BFRP) bars to substitute for steel rebar in seawater sea‐sand concrete (SSC) members is one of effective solutions to steel corrosion. However, there is a concern about the durability of BFRP due to the alkaline of SSC. In this study, a layer of carbon fibers coating (volume fraction was set at 10% and 20%) was used to improve the alkaline resistance of BFRP, which named as carbon/basalt fiber‐reinforced polymer (C/BFRP) hybrid bars. The tensile properties, interlaminar shear strength, and water absorption and diffusion behavior of the C/BFRP were examined by laboratory acceleration methods. The immersion solution temperatures were set at room temperature, 40 and 60°C, immersion mediums were tap‐water and two kinds of alkaline solutions (pH = 10 or 13). Carbon fiber coating is beneficial for improving the mechanical properties of the composite. The higher the fiber volume fraction, the better the long‐term resistance of C/BFRP can be found. However, carbon‐basalt fiber interface is still a weak part in the durability of C/BFRP. The higher the volume fraction of the coating carbon fibers, the greater the quasi‐equilibrium water uptake, which can be attributed that the smaller diameter of carbon fibers embedded the voids between basalt fibers. Reducing environment alkalinity is also beneficial for increasing the service life of C/BFRP, and the tensile strength retention increased by 12% when pH decreased from 13 to 10 after 50‐year.Highlights
Carbon fiber coating is beneficial for improving the properties of BFRP.
Carbon‐basalt fiber interface is a weak part for the durability of C/BFRP.
Reducing alkalinity can improve the durability of BFRP.
Pregnant women's informational needs prior to decisions about prenatal diagnosis for chromosomal anomalies—A Q methodological study
Authors: Ternby Ellen , Axelsson Ove , Georgsson Susanne , Malmgren Charlotta Ingvoldstad 
Published: January 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo study pregnant women's subjective viewpoints on what is important when receiving information prior to decision‐making regarding prenatal testing for chromosomal anomalies.MethodData were collected using Q methodology. During January 2020—October 2021, 45 pregnant women in Sweden completed a 50‐item Q sort. Statements regarding what is important when receiving information about prenatal screening and diagnosis were prioritized through ranking in a fixed sorting grid on an 11‐point scale, from “most important” to “least important.” Socio‐demographics and coping styles were surveyed through questionnaires.ResultsThree groups represented different viewpoints on what pregnant women consider important when receiving information about prenatal screening and diagnosis. Factor 1: Stepwise information and decision‐making: viewing information and decision‐making as a step‐by‐step process. Factor 2: Decision‐making as a continuous process based on couple autonomy: Striving for an informed decision as a couple about tests, test results and conditions screened. Factor 3: As much information as early as possible—the importance of personal autonomy in decision‐making: Prioritizing autonomous decision‐making based on non‐directive information early in the pregnancy.ConclusionThis study highlights the complexities involved when providing information. As shown by the differing viewpoints in this study, pregnant women's informational needs differ, making individual and personalized information preferable.
Comprehensive characterization of protein modifications using mass spectrometry and dry blood spots
Authors: Guedes Sofia , Perpétuo Luís , Veloso Jacinta , Lima Tânia , Ferreira Ana F. , Pires Inês , Savaiva Francisca , Lourenço André , Moreira‐Costa Liliana , Leite‐Moreira Adelino , Barros Antonio , Trindade Fábio , Vitorino Rui 
Published: January 2024

PurposeThe main objective of this study is to characterize and analyze modified peptides in DBS samples. This includes deciphering their specific PTMs and understanding their potential impact on the population or disease cohort under study.Experimental DesignUsing mass spectrometry‐based proteomic approaches, we performed a comprehensive analysis of DBS samples. Our focus was on the identification and quantification of modified peptides. We also took advantage of recent advances in DBS mass spectrometry to ensure accurate detection and quantification.ResultsA comprehensive analysis identified 972 modified peptides in DBS samples. Of these, a subset of 211 peptides was consistently present in all samples, highlighting their potential biological importance and relevance. This indicates a diverse spectrum of PTMs in the proteome of DBS samples.Conclusions and Clinical RelevanceIntegration of mass spectrometry and proteomics has revealed a broad spectrum of modified peptides in DBS samples and highlighted their importance in biological processes and disease progression. Accurate detection of these PTMs may be critical for risk stratification and disease management. This study improves the understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying biological processes and disease development, providing important insights for clinical applications.
PBITV3: A robust and comprehensive tool for screening pathogenic proteomes for drug targets and prioritizing vaccine candidates
Authors: Chakraborty Shuvechha , Askari Mehdi , Barai Ram Shankar , Idicula‐Thomas Susan 
Published: January 2024

AbstractRise of life‐threatening superbugs, pandemics and epidemics warrants the need for cost‐effective and novel pharmacological interventions. Availability of publicly available proteomes of pathogens supports development of high‐throughput discovery platforms to prioritize potential drug‐targets and develop testable hypothesis for pharmacological screening. The pipeline builder for identification of target (PBIT) was developed in 2016 and updated in 2021, with the purpose of accelerating the search for drug‐targets by integration of methods like comparative and subtractive genomics, essentiality/virulence and druggability analysis. Since then, it has been used for identification of drugs and vaccine targets, safety profiling of multiepitope vaccines and mRNA vaccine construction against a broad‐spectrum of pathogens. This tool has now been updated with functionalities related to systems biology and immuno‐informatics and validated by analyzing 48 putative antigens of Mycobacterium tuberculosis documented in literature. PBITv3 available as both online and offline tools will enhance drug discovery against emerging drug‐resistant infectious agents. PBITv3 can be freely accessed at http://pbit.bicnirrh.res.in/.
Lotusine ameliorates propionic acid‐induced autism spectrum disorder‐like behavior in mice by activating D1 dopamine receptor in medial prefrontal cortex
Authors: Liu Qing‐qing , Mi Jie , Du Ya‐ya , Rong Zheng , Qin Yan , Jiang Wei , Li Xi , Yu Jiao‐Yan , Yang Le , Du Xiao‐yan , Yang Qi , Guo Yan‐Yan 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a multifaceted neuropsychiatric condition for which effective drug therapy for core clinical symptoms remains elusive. Lotusine, known for its neuroprotective properties in the treatment of neurological disorders, holds potential in addressing ASD. Nevertheless, its specific efficacy in ASD remains uncertain. This study aims to investigate the therapeutic potential of lotusine in ASD and elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms. We induced an ASD mouse model through intracerebroventricular‐propionic acid (ICV‐PPA) injection for 7 days, followed by lotusine administration for 5 days. The efficacy of lotusine was evaluated through a battery of behavioral tests, including the three‐chamber social test. The underlying mechanisms of lotusine action in ameliorating ASD‐like behavior were investigated in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) using whole‐cell patch‐clamp recordings, western blotting, immunofluorescence staining, molecular docking, and cellular thermal shift assay. The efficacy and mechanisms of lotusine were further validated in vitro. Lotusine effectively alleviated social deficits induced by ICV‐PPA injection in mice by counteracting the reduction in miniature excitatory postsynaptic current frequency within the mPFC. Moreover, lotusine enhanced neuronal activity and ameliorated α‐amino‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methyl‐4‐isoxazolepropionic acid receptor dysfunction in ICV‐PPA infusion mice by upregulating c‐fos, p‐GluA1 Ser 845, and p‐GluA1 Ser 831 protein levels within the mPFC. Our findings also suggest that lotusine may exert its effects through modulation of the D1 dopamine receptor (DRD1). Furthermore, the rescuing effects of lotusine were nullified by a DRD1 antagonist in PC12 cells. In summary, our results revealed that lotusine ameliorates ASD‐like behavior through targeted modulation of DRD1, ultimately enhancing excitatory synaptic transmission. These findings highlight the potential of lotusine as a nutritional supplement in the treatment of ASD.
A rare sequelae of esophageal perforation: Fibrosing mediastinitis
Authors: Zhang Jingwen , Ding Mingwang , Tang Aiping , Cao Yunshan 
Published: January 2024

AbstractFibrosing mediastinitis (FM) is a rare disease caused by different causes. If left untreated, the prognosis is poor. The common causes of FM are Tuberculosis and Histoplasma capsulatum infection. Esophageal perforation is also a rare condition that is often easily under‐ and mis‐diagnosed due to the lack of specificity of symptoms. Here we report a case of FM caused by esophageal perforation.
Writing as a Path to the Alphabetic Principle: How Preschoolers Learn that their Own Writing Represents Speech
Authors: Rowe Deborah Wells , Piestrzynski Laura , Hadd Alexandria Ree , Reiter John W. 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACTThis study explores how preschoolers develop understandings of the symbolic nature of print in the context of their own writing. Using qualitative methods and a cross‐sectional design, this study documents the learning trajectory that begins with children's earliest experiences linking speech and print in writing events and continues as they learn that English print is glottographic and alphabetic. Children's changing approaches to speech‐print linking provide evidence of their developing understanding of how print functions as a representational system. Participants were 134 English‐speaking 2‐ to 5‐year‐olds attending childcare classrooms where preschoolers' writing was frequent and valued. Children completed an open‐ended writing task where they wrote a photo caption and read it to an adult. Open and axial coding identified six core approaches to speech‐print linking during writing: marks not read, conversational speech without pointing, conversational speech with pointing to the graphic array, segmented speech with pointing to the graphic array, segmented speech matched to specific marks, and phoneme‐grapheme matching. A growth curve model provided statistical support for this ordering of the core approaches. Findings show that early writing experiences can be an important context for building foundational literacy skills such as the alphabetic principle. Adult practices that physically materialize speech‐print relations in writing may be especially supportive of this learning. We conclude that young children should be offered frequent opportunities to compose their own texts, and to interact with adults around their writing.
Comprehensive updates on Beckmann Rearrangement
Authors: Kaushik Jyoti , Jain Sonika , Malik Prerna , Kumawat Jyoti , Jain Pankaj , Kishore Dharma , Dwivedi Jaya 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBeckmann rearrangement has been quite successful in the preparation of many medicinally potent scaffolds. In synthetic organic chemistry, the Beckmann rearrangement is quite popular, caprolactam is synthesized from cyclohexanone oxime on a large scale for Nylon‐6 production. The function of numerous catalysts and media in the Beckmann rearrangement has been discussed in depth in this review. In the last 20 years, Beckmann rearrangement catalysis has evolved from a potentially hazardous to a more environmentally friendly catalyst, as a result of greater usage. Catalytic performance and synthetic performance of various catalytic systems have been re‐evaluated in the present review article.
Tunable Syngas Formation at Industrially Relevant Current Densities via CO2Electroreduction and Hydrogen Evolution over Ni and Fe‐derived Catalysts obtained via One‐Step Pyrolysis of Polybenzoxazine Based Composites
Authors: Sanjuán Ignacio , Kumbhar Vaibhav , Chanda Vimanshu , Machado Raíssa R. L. , Jaato Bright N. , Braun Michael , Mahbub Muhammad A. A. , Bendt Georg , Hagemann Ulrich , Heidelmann Markus , Schuhmann Wolfgang , Andronescu Corina 
Published: January 2024

AbstractSimultaneous electroreduction of CO2and H2O to syngas can provide a sustainable feed for established processes used to synthesize carbon‐based chemicals. The synthesis of MOx/M‐N‐Cs (M = Ni, Fe) electrocatalysts reported via one‐step pyrolysis that shows increased performance during syngas electrosynthesis at high current densities with adaptable H2/CO ratios, e.g., for the Fischer–Tropsch process. When embedded in gas diffusion electrodes (GDEs) with optimized hydrophobicity, the NiOx/Ni‐N‐C catalyst produces syngas (H2/CO = 0.67) at −200 mA cm−2while for the FeOx/Fe‐N‐C syngas production occurs at ≈−150 mA cm−2. By tuning the electrocatalyst's microenvironment, stable operation for >3 h at −200 mA cm−2is achieved with the NiOx/Ni‐N‐C GDE. Post‐electrolysis characterization revealed that the restructuring of the catalyst via reduction of NiOxto metallic Ni NPs still enables stable operation of the electrode at −200 mA cm−2, when embedded in an optimized microenvironment. The ionomer and additives used in the catalyst layer are important for the observed stable operation. Operando Raman measurements confirm the presence of NiOxduring CO formation and indicate weak adsorption of CO on the catalyst surface.
Functional Composite Dual‐Phase In Situ Self‐Reconstruction Design for High‐Energy‐Density Li‐Rich Cathodes
Authors: Ye Yun , Yuan Shuang , Zhang Shuhao , Liu Tie , Wang Jun , Wang Qiang 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe unique anionic redox mechanism provides, high‐capacity, irreversible oxygen release and voltage/capacity degradation to Li‐rich cathode materials (LRO, Li1.2Mn0.54Co0.13Ni0.13O2). In this study, an integrated stabilized carbon–rock salt/spinel composite heterostructured layers (C@spinel/MO) is constructed by in situ self‐reconstruction, and the generation mechanism of the in situ reconstructed surface is elucidated. The formation of atomic‐level connections between the surface‐protected phase and bulk‐layered phase contributes to electrochemical performance. The best‐performing sample shows a high increase (63%) of capacity retention compared to that of the pristine sample after 100 cycles at 1C, with an 86.7% reduction in surface oxygen release shown by differential electrochemical mass spectrometry. Soft X‐ray results show that Co3+ and Mn4+ are mainly reduce in the carbothermal reduction reaction and participate in the formation of the spinel/MO rock‐salt phase. The results of oxygen release characterized by Differential electrochemical mass spectrometry (DEMS) strongly prove the effectiveness of surface reconstruction.
Adjusting Li+ Solvation Structures via Dipole–Dipole Interaction to Construct Inorganic‐Rich Interphase for High‐Performance Li Metal Batteries
Authors: Wang Chuan , Liu Sheng , Xu Haoyang , Wang Xinxiang , Tian Guilei , Fan Fengxia , Liu Pengfei , Wang Shuhan , Zeng Chenrui , Shu Chaozhu 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPractical applications of lithium metal batteries are limited by unstable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) and uncontrollable dendrite Li deposition. Regulating the solvation structure of Li+ via modifying electrolyte components enables optimizing the structure of the SEI and realizing dendrite‐free Li deposition. In this work, it is found that the ionic–dipole interactions between the electron‐deficient B atoms in lithium oxalyldifluoro borate (LiDFOB) and the O atoms in the DME solvent molecule can weaken the interaction between the DME molecule and Li+, accelerating the desolvation of Li+. On this basis, the ionic–dipole interactions facilitate the entry of abundant anions into the inner solvation sheath of Li+, which promotes the formation of inorganic‐rich SEI. In addition, the interaction between DFOB− and DME molecules reduces the highest occupied molecular orbital energy level of DME molecules in electrolytes, which improves the oxidative stability of the electrolytes system. As a result, the Li||Li cells in LiDFOB‐containing electrolytes exhibit an excellent cyclability of over 1800 h with a low overpotential of 18.2 mV, and the Li||LiFePO4 full cells display a high‐capacity retention of 93.4% after 100 cycles with a high Coulombic efficiency of 99.3%.