bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in coastal zone processes at a high sea‐level stand: a late Holocene example from Belgium
Authors: Baeteman Cecile , Scott David B. , Van Strydonck Mark 
Published: November 2002

AbstractThis paper presents the results of an investigation of late Holocene deposits on the Belgian coastal plain. The upper clastic deposits overlying the uppermost intercalated peat bed were studied on the basis of lithology, radiocarbon dates and foraminiferal assemblages to determine why silting‐up phases or peat beds are lacking, and to establish the evolution of the sedimentary environments as well as the age of the deposits. Two contrasting sites, in quite different locations and showing a different stratigraphy, were studied. It appears that the coastal evolution was not gradual and continuous, but characterised by short periods with high‐energy conditions alternating with long periods where low‐energy conditions and little sedimentation prevailed. The evolution is determined mainly by tidal channel activity. At about 3400 cal. yr BP, the peat was eroded in narrow zones by the main tidal channels and this until the landward limit of the plain. The peat was only partly flooded and mudflats fringed the channels. With time, new tributaries formed and the channel network progressively enlarged. The channels were rapidly filled, followed by a period of little sedimentation, which lasted at least until 1400–1200 cal. yr BP. The following channel activity is characterised by lateral sedimentation, rather than vertical erosion, together with increased sediment reworking. The mechanisms of coastal change in the late Holocene might be similar over the entire plain, but the timing of the changes is certainly not. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fluctuations in relative sea‐level during the past 3000 yr in the Onnetoh estuary, Hokkaido, northern Japan
Authors: Sawai Yuki , Nasu Hiroo , Yasuda Yoshinori 
Published: November 2002

AbstractThis paper presents the results of a litho‐, bio‐ and chronostratigraphical study of the evidence for late Holocene sea‐level change, palaeoseismicity and coastal evolution at the Onnetoh estuary, northwest Japan. Alternating peat and mud couplets record evidence for four falls in relative sea‐level since ca. 2500 cal. yr BP. In the latest instance, intertidal mud with a salt‐tolerant diatom and plant macrofossil flora is abruptly overlain by a freshwater peat containing abundant macrofossil remains of the conifer Picea glehnii. These stratigraphical changes record an abrupt change from tidal flat to upland, with no intermediate transition through saltmarsh. In the other three instances, the stratigraphy records a more gradual fall in relative sea‐level, as shown by gradational stratigraphical contacts and transitional diatom and plant macrofossil assemblages. Once established, these freshwater peat communities are gradually submerged and become overlain by saltmarsh and then intertidal muds. Radiocarbon ages and tephra date the emergence events to 2700–1750 (gradual), 1350–950 (gradual), 650–300 (gradual) and ca. 400 cal. yr BP (abrupt). These ages are similar to a sequence of emergence events recorded at the Akkeshi estuary, 70 km to the west of the present study site. The three falls in relative sea‐level may record coseismic, or swift post‐seismic, uplift caused by plate boundary subduction earthquakes on the Kurile subduction zone. The oldest relative sea‐level fall is correlated with the so‐called ‘Yayoi regression’, dated to 1500–3000 cal yr BP in other parts of Japan. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Late Quaternary sea‐level change and isostatic and tectonic land movements along the Belgian–Dutch North Sea coast: geological data and model results
Authors: Kiden P. , Denys L. , Johnston P. 
Published: November 2002

AbstractEarly and middle Holocene sea‐level data from Belgium plot ca. 2 m above data from the western Netherlands, reflecting differential tectonic and isostatic movements. The total uplift rate of Belgium relative to the western Netherlands decays gradually from 0.66 m kyr−1 at 7500 cal. yr BP to less than 0.25 m kyr−1 since 5000 cal. yr BP. The tectonic component of this relative movement, inferred from Eemian sea‐level data, is in the order of 0.06 to 0.16 m kyr−1. The isostatic component of the uplift is related to the last phase of the collapse of a peripheral bulge under The Netherlands and the Dutch and German sectors of the North Sea, and to hydroisostatic subsidence of the North Sea basin caused by water loading as sea‐level rose. Comparisons with isostatic rebound models show that they predict well the Holocene isostatic movement between Belgium and the western Netherlands, and that the predictions are improved when the tectonic component is removed from the observations. Preliminary evaluation of sea‐level data from the Dutch sector of the North Sea shows that glacio‐hydroisostatic subsidence relative to Belgium was significantly greater than for the western Netherlands coastal area, and spatially highly variable. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Holocene land‐ and sea‐level changes in Great Britain
Authors: Shennan Ian , Horton Ben 
Published: November 2002

AbstractAnalysis of more than 1200 radiocarbon dated samples that constrain relative sea‐levels in Great Britain over the past 16 000 yr provides estimates of current land‐level changes (negative of relative sea‐level change). Maximum relative land uplift occurs in central and western Scotland, ca. 1.6 mm yr−1, and maximum subsidence is in southwest England, ca. 1.2 mm yr−1. Sediment consolidation, arising from autocompaction as the sediment accumulates and from land drainage, increases the subsidence in areas with thick sequences of Holocene sediments, with an average effect equivalent to at least an extra ca. 0.2 mm yr−1 land subsidence, but more in parts of southeast England, 0.5–1.1 mm yr−1. Modelled changes in tidal range during the mid‐ to late Holocene in eastern England suggest that the calculated rate of land subsidence is overestimated unless such changes are quantified. The effect is most significant for large coastal lowlands, the Fenland and Humber (ca. 0.5 and 0.6 mm yr−1), that were tidal embayments during the mid‐ to late Holocene. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Global glacial isostatic adjustment: palaeogeodetic and space‐geodetic tests of the ICE‐4G (VM2) model
Authors: Peltier W. R. 
Published: November 2002

AbstractAnalyses of the global process of glacial isostatic adjustment and post‐glacial relative sea‐level change continue to deliver important insights into Earth system form and process. One successful model of the related phenomenology is based upon a spherically symmetric internal viscoelastic structure for the solid Earth, which has been denoted VM2, and a model of the most recent deglaciation event of the current ice‐age, denoted ICE‐4G. The primary purpose of this paper is to describe several new a posteriori tests that have recently been performed to further investigate the quality of this global ‘solution’ to the inverse problem for both mantle viscosity and deglaciation history that is posed by the observables associated with this large‐scale geodynamic phenomenon. I focus especially upon the ‘misfits’ of observations to the theoretical predictions of this model, which I am currently using to further refine its properties, and upon predictions made using it of geophysical signals that should soon become visible in the context of the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellite mission. Among the required refinements to ICE‐4G, one that is necessary to eliminate a recently revealed misfit to space geodetic constraints on the present‐day rate of radial motion at the Yellowknife location well to the west of Hudson Bay, and a similar misfit to absolute gravity measurements to the southwest of the Bay, is the insertion of a ‘Keewatin Dome’ of thick ice centred over Yellowknife with a ridge of ice extending to the south east. In the geomorphological literature, the existence of such a Keewatin Dome previously has been hypothesised but chronological control was lacking on the surface features that suggested its former existence. An important additional constraint that requires the late glacial existence of this important feature consists of new inferences of the Last Glacial Maximum lowstand of the sea from sites in the far field of the main concentrations of land ice. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pleistocene coastal stratigraphy, sea‐level highstands and neotectonism of the southern Australian passive continental margin—a review
Authors: Murray‐Wallace Colin V. 
Published: November 2002

AbstractLocated in a tectonically stable, intraplate setting and in the far field of former ice sheets, the southern Australian passive continental margin represents a globally important region for quantifying sea level during Pleistocene highstands. The stratigraphical record of the southern Australian margin is dominated by geographically extensive coastal barrier, estuarine and peritidal landforms of bioclastic, temperate carbonate affinity, a function of regional aridity. Siliciclastic successions dominate the eastern Australian coastline. Despite the generally high level of tectonic stability, regional contrasts are evident in the elevation of Pleistocene shoreline deposits that largely relate to pre‐Quaternary geotectonic setting. The most complete record of Pleistocene highstand deposits occurs in the Murray Basin–Coorong Coastal Plain region, and indicates that interglacial sea‐level highstands, for at least the past 11 interglacials, did not deviate by more than 6 m from present sea‐level. The Pleistocene marginal marine record of southern Australia is dominantly represented by coastal successions deposited during marine oxygen isotope stages 5e and 7, equating with relative sea‐level maxima of 2–6 m and greater than 1 m above present sea‐level (APSL) respectively. Intertidal facies of Late Pleistocene interstadial successions rarely occur above present sea level. The most reliable record of glacio‐eustatic (ice equivalent) sea level is registered on coastlines developed on stable Precambrian cratons such as the Gawler Craton (Eyre Peninsula), where a consistent elevation of 2 m APSL is registered for over 500 km for the last interglacial shoreline (125 ka). Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Predicted and observed Holocene sea‐levels on the Australian coast: what do they indicate about hydro‐isostatic models in far‐field sites?
Authors: Haworth R. J. , Baker R. G. V. , Flood P. G. 
Published: November 2002

AbstractData relating to Holocene sea‐level elevations and ages, obtained by radiocarbon dating of relict calcareous skeletons of intertidal organisms from widely spaced parts of the Australian coast, a far‐field region of comparative tectonic stability, are divisible into two sets, namely: pre‐ and post‐ ca. 3600 yr BP. The older ages are from material consistently between 1.5 m and 2.2 m higher than present sea‐level, whereas the younger ages (ca. 3600–1500 yr BP) generally cluster around 1 m above present sea‐level. The elevations do not display any decline in amplitude from north to south over an extensive transect, contrary to predictions by hydro‐isostatic models. Also, there appears to be little difference between time–elevation results for the coasts of North Queensland, New South Wales and the Bass Strait region adjacent to Tasmania, despite differences in the width of the continental shelf in these three locations, and the expectation of some hydro‐isostatic warping of the continental shelf subsequent to the onset of the Holocene transgression. Results from the south and southwest coasts of Western Australia also display similar elevations to the east coast for the same time periods. There is sufficient evidence extending over 20° of latitude to suggest that north–south differences related to hydro‐isostatic influence is limited or non‐existent. There is insufficient data to test hydro‐isostatic models across continental shelves. Hydro‐isostasy, and the lithological elasticity it reflects, may not be as pronounced in far‐field sites with narrow continental shelves as models predict. Stable far‐field passive continental margins may be the best place to measure the ratio of inputs of eustatic and hydro‐isostatic influences on Holocene relative sea‐levels. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Contemporary and fossil foraminifera from isolation basins in northwest Scotland
Authors: Lloyd J. M. , Evans J. R. 
Published: November 2002

AbstractIsolation basins are widely used in sea‐level reconstructions, but contemporary analogues have been poorly studied comparatively. Recent research has identified isolation basins with extended transitional isolation contacts that pose problems in sea‐level interpretations. This paper presents foraminiferal results from 24 contemporary isolation basins combined with data from two isolation basins with extended isolation contacts. Foraminiferal associations identified from the contemporary basins show a clear relationship with water salinity and sill altitude that supports interpretation of the extended fossil sequences. An association dominated by Miliammina fusca, Mf, signifies a basin close to final isolation from marine influence. Increasing marine inundation of basins is signified by a series of associations dominated by the following foraminifera; Ja, Jadammina macrescens and M. fusca; ME, M. fusca and Elphidium williamsoni; Ew, E. williamsoni; HE, Haynesina germanica and E. williamsoni; Nd, Nonion depressulus. These associations can be used to interpret the sedimentary isolation sequences from Loch nan Corr and Rumach VI. A pilot study of the stable isotope signature from the two species H. germanica and E. williamsoni is reported from Rumach VI and Loch nan Corr. The results show the potential of stable isotope analysis for environmental reconstruction from isolation basins, in particular using δ18O for salinity reconstruction. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Holocene uplift rates and historical rapid sea‐level changes at the Gargano promontory, Italy
Authors: Mastronuzzi Giuseppe , Sansò Paolo 
Published: November 2002

AbstractThis paper uses a combination of geomorphological and radiometric data from the northern coast of the Gargano promontory (comprising the Fortore River coastal plain and Punta delle Pietre Nere) to reconstruct Holocene uplift rates. The coastal plain consists of a sandy progradational beach sequence that extends seawards from the base of a relict cliff. This cliff probably marks the maximum position reached by the Holocene transgression. Altimetric data compared with the age of beach deposits and the available eustatic sea‐level curves indicate an average Holocene uplift rate of 1.5 mm yr−1. A similar uplift rate has been estimated by dating a bioherm constituted of calcareous algae, Vermetids and subordinately by Cladocora caespitosa (L.), which crops out in the locality of Punta delle Pietre Nere. This deposit, which was previously assigned an interglacial age, yielded a mid‐Holocene age by means of Th/U and 14C age determinations.Our observations also reveal evidence for coseismic deformation along the northern coast of the Gargano promontory during the last millennium. Vertical displacements of >0.5 m have affected the Punta delle Pietre Nere coastal block, and were preceded by periods of slow coastal subsidence, which increased rapidly shortly before a major earthquake. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Late Quaternary relative sea‐level changes and vertical movements at Lipari (Aeolian Islands)
Authors: Calanchi N. , Lucchi F. , Pirazzoli P. A. , Romagnoli C. , Tranne C. A. , Radtke U. , Reyss J. L. , Rossi P. L. 
Published: November 2002

AbstractIndicators of former sea‐levels are recognised on the emergent portion of Lipari, Aeolian Islands. They correlate with three raised shorelines, located at elevations of 43–45 m above present sea‐level (I), 23–27 m (II) and about 12 m (III). According to stratigraphical constraints, these shorelines correlate with the sea‐level highstands corresponding to marine oxygen isotope substages 5e (124 ka), 5c (100 ka) and 5a (81 ka), respectively. The correlation of the shoreline I with substage 5e is supported by a U/Th age (119 ± 6 ka) obtained from corals. Chronological and height data relevant to the fossil shorelines indicate that Lipari was affected by uplift with an average rate of 0.34 mm yr−1 during the past 125 ka. This uplift rate accords with the average uplift rates obtained, during the same time period, from the nearby islands of Filicudi (0.31 mm yr−1) and Salina (0.36 mm yr−1). Combined, these data suggest a similar uplift trend related to regional tectonic processes.In contrast to the long‐term uplift, a localised submergence trend, documented especially for the last century, affects the eastern coast of Lipari. This subsidence is related to neo‐ and/or volcano‐tectonic processes. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Perception of intrinsic and extrinsic respiratory loads in children with life‐threatening asthma
Authors: Julius Steven M. , Davenport Kathleen L. , Davenport Paul W. 
Published: November 2002

AbstractThere is a subpopulation of asthmatic patients with a history of life‐threatening asthma (LTA) who have a reduced perception of respiratory loads. The aim of this study was to determine if these patients have a reduced perception of both intrinsic and extrinsic loads. Children with asthma were classified into life‐threatening asthma and control asthmatic groups. Perception of extrinsic loads was assessed by magnitude estimation of inspiratory resistive loads. Magnitude estimation was measured with handgrip estimation of resistive load magnitude. Perception of intrinsic loads was by methacholine bronchoprovocation in doses sufficient to a drop to 40% below baseline of forced expired volume in 1 sec (FEV1). Chest tightness, breathlessness, and air hunger, as estimated by a Borg scale were, used to rate methacholine perception. Life‐threatening asthma subjects had a lower slope than nonlife‐threatening asthma subjects for magnitude estimation of resistive loads. Life‐threatening asthma patients also had a lower maximum Borg score for all three symptoms. There was no significant difference in magnitude estimation of symptom type.These results suggest that life‐threatening asthma subjects have poor perception of extrinsic and intrinsic loads. This suggests that there is a similarity between the sensations elicited by intrinsic and extrinsic loads, allowing for the identification of poor‐perceiving patients with either method of assessment and who suffer from life‐threatening asthma. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2002; 34:425–433. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Explicitly correlated SCF study of anharmonic vibrations in (H2O)2
Authors: Shillady Donald D. , Craig John , Rutan Sarah , Rao Bijan 
Published: November 2002

AbstractModeling solvation in high‐pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) requires calculation of anharmonic vibrational frequencies of solvent clusters for a statistical partition function. An efficient computational method that includes electron correlation is highly desirable for large clusters. A modified version of the “soft Coulomb hole” method of Chakravorty and Clementi has recently been implemented in a Gaussian‐lobe‐orbital (GLO) program (PCLOBE) to include explicit electron–electron correlation in molecules. The soft Coulomb hole is based on a modified form of Coulomb's law:

An algorithm has been developed to obtain the parameter “w” from a polynomial in the effective scaling of each primitive Gaussian orbital relative to the best single Gaussian of the H1s orbital. This method yields over 90% of the correlation energy for molecules of low symmetry for which the original formula of Chakravorty and Clementi does not apply. In this work, all the vibrations of the water dimer are treated anharmonically. A quartic perturbation of the harmonic vibrational modes is constrained to be equal to the exact Morse potential eigenvalue based on a three‐point fit. This work evaluates the usefulness of fitting a Morse potential to a hydrogen bond vibrational mode and finds it to be slightly better than using MP2 vibrational analysis for this important dimer. A three‐point estimate of the depth, De, of a Morse potential leads to a correction formula for anharmonicity in terms of the perturbed harmonic frequency:

When scaled by 0.9141, the harmonic Morse method leads to essentially the same results as scaling the BPW91 local density method by 0.9827. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2002
Fully relativistic density functional calculations on hydroxylated actinide oxide surfaces
Authors: Boettger J. C. , Ray A. K. 
Published: November 2002

AbstractThe linear combinations of Gaussian‐type orbitals–fitting function (LCGTO‐FF) method has been used to investigate the cohesive properties of three fluorite structure actinide oxides (ThO2, UO2, and PuO2), and their clean and hydroxylated (111) surfaces, within the generalized gradient approximation (GGA) to density functional theory (DFT). Relativistic effects have been considered at both the scalar‐relativistic and the fully relativistic (spin–orbit coupling included) levels of approximation. It is found here that the 5f states have only a minimal effect on the cohesive properties of these systems, despite the fact that the two heavier actinide oxides (both Mott–Hubbard‐type insulators) are incorrectly predicted to be good metals. The cause of this insensitivity to the spurious metallic nature of the 5f states is elucidated. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2002
Rosetta Stone of the genetic language
Authors: Lucas Amand A. 
Published: November 2002

AbstractThe paper begins with a guided tour through the history of several major deciphering events in modern science, going from the determination of the wave nature of visible light in the early 19th century, via the discovery of X‐rays and their electromagnetic nature around the turn of the 19th century, and onward to the great decipherments of molecular biology of recent times. The central piece of the latter decoding efforts, i.e., the measurement of the X‐ray diffraction diagram of DNA, occurred in the middle of the 20th century and lead Watson and Crick to the discovery of the structure of the molecule. In the second part of the paper, a detailed analysis is given of the relationship between the gross features of the X‐ray diagram and the corresponding structural elements of the doubly helical DNA backbone. In the third part, simple optical diffraction experiments, using a laser pointer and a single diffraction slide, are described which allow to mimic the X‐ray diffraction experiment and reproduce all the major characteristics of the observed X‐ray picture. Finally, the paper presents a quantitative description of the wave diffraction by an atomic helix and discusses the mathematical origin of the various features of the X‐ray and optical patterns. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2002