bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation of Cervical Patency and Uterine Appearance in Domestic Cats by Fluoroscopy and Scintigraphy
Authors: Chatdarong K , Kampa N , Axnér E , Linde‐Forsberg C 
Published: March 2003

ContentsThe cervical patency of six domestic female cats was monitored under sedation by infusion of contrast medium (Omnipaque) into the cranial vagina during early oestrus, mid‐oestrus, late oestrus and interoestrus or a radiopharmaceutical (99mTc‐HSA) during mid‐ and interoestrus in a non‐ovulatory oestrous cycle. The transport of the contrast medium or the radiopharmaceutical through the cervix and within the uterine horns was observed under fluoroscopy and with the aid of scintigraphy. In three of the queens, transcervical transport of contrast medium was demonstrated in all stages of oestrus, in one queen during mid‐oestrus, late oestrus and 1 day after oestrus, and in two queens only during late oestrus. The relations between the cervical patency to the contrast medium and the oestrous behaviour, cornification of the vaginal cells and the serum oestradiol‐17β concentration were evaluated, and a relationship was found between the cervical patency and the degree of vaginal cornification. Transcervical transport of the radiopharmaceutical was observed in three queens during mid‐oestrus. When the cervix was open, hysterography under a fluoroscope and hysteroscintigraphy were performed. The fluoroscopic and scintigraphic recordings revealed the patterns of the uterine contractions during oestrus in both ascending and descending directions, and the movement of the uterine contents back and forth between the uterine horns. The hysterograms were classified according to the shape of the uterine horns and the appearance of the endometrial lining. Spiral‐shaped uterine horns with a smooth inner contour were observed in two queens, and a corkscrew appearance with irregular filling defects in the uterine lumen was shown in two queens that had developed subclinical cystic endometrial hyperplasia. These findings demonstrated that fluids or particles deposited in the cranial vagina of the cat can be transported into the uterus during some stages of the oestrous cycle. The fluoroscopic and scintigraphic techniques developed in this study may be further modified to permit more detailed studies of uterine contractile patterns and sperm transport in the feline female reproductive tract. Hysterography proved useful to diagnose uterine disease. The information on cervical patency is of value also for the development of techniques for artificial insemination in this species, and should be studied also in the ovulatory cycle.
Loss of Restriction Site DdeI, used for Avian Molecular Sexing, in Oreophasis derbianus
Authors: Bermúdez‐Humarán LG , Chávez‐Zamarripa P , Guzmán‐Velasco A , Leal‐Garza CH , Montes de Oca‐Luna R 
Published: March 2003

ContentsMolecular sexing is a rapid and safe procedure for bird sex determination. Two universal methods based on the amplification of a chromo‐helicase‐DNA‐Binding 1 (CHD) gene region, located in both sexual chromosomes (Z and W), have been established. We found that molecular sexing of Oreophasis derbianus failed by using these two procedures. One of them is based on a restriction site located in CHD1W gene but absent in CHD1Z. The DdeI restriction site, used successfully to determine gender in several bird species, was found to be lost because of nucleotide change in O. derbianus. This change created a new restriction site, NlaIII, that was successfully applied for sexing this endangered bird.
Dopaminergic and Opioidergic Regulation of Gonadotropin and Prolactin Release in Stallions
Authors: Aurich C , Gerlach T , Aurich JE , Hoppen H‐O , Lange J , Parvizi N 
Published: March 2003

ContentsIn the non‐breeding season, LH release is reduced via dopaminergic systems in the ram. On the other hand, our previous studies demonstrated an opioidergic inhibition of LH release in stallions outside the breeding season. Thus, in the present study we investigated the dopaminergic regulation of LH and prolactin secretion in stallions, considering interactions between dopamine and opioids. To achieve this, stallions (n=8) were treated with the dopamine antagonist sulpiride (0.6 mg/kg), the opioid antagonist naloxone (0.5 mg/kg), sulpiride plus naloxone or saline in December, March and June. Two hours after the respective treatments, they received a GnRH agonist. Sulpiride induced a significant prolactin release which was most pronounced in December, indicating seasonal variations in the inhibition of prolactin secretion by dopaminergic systems. Prolactin concentrations were not changed by naloxone. Neither during nor outside the breeding season, a dopaminergic regulation of LH release could be demonstrated. In contrast, naloxone caused a significant (p < 0.05) LH release, confirming an opioidergic inhibition of LH release. In conclusion, opioidergic regulation of LH and dopaminergic inhibition of prolactin secretion undergo seasonal changes. Neither during nor outside the breeding season, dopaminergic effects on LH release exist in the stallion.
The influence of evil on forensic clinical practice
Authors: Mason Tom , Richman Joel , Mercer Dave 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACT: As the medicalization of criminal behaviour expands through forensic psychiatric practice it is reliant upon a therapeutic ideology based on clinical assessment and effective application of treatment strategies. When such criminal offences are particularly heinous the perpetrators are often referred to as evil by non‐professional accounts. However, the extent to which the concept of evil affects the perceptions of mental health professionals working with such offenders is little understood. This paper reports on research conducted in a high‐security psychiatric hospital in the North‐west of England and examines the construction of care plans in relation to a number of mentally disordered offenders who are considered by a group of mental health professionals as evil. Thematic analysis of mental health professionals’ discourse pertaining to the care plans revealed a complex motivational and rational structuring of evil that dictated the switch from medical ideological discourse to lay notions of badness. From this, an Airaksinen model was constructed to display the types of evil manifestations.
The validity and reliability of the measurement of the concept ‘expressed emotion’ in the family members and nurses of Hong Kong patients with schizophrenia
Authors: Arthur David ,   Nursing Research Group
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACT: This study aimed to test the validity and reliability of three measures of expressed emotion in a sample of family members and nurses of Hong Kong Chinese people with schizophrenia. Little research has been done in Hong Kong in relation to family expressed emotion (EE) and schizophrenia so the present study set out to pilot some measures that could become reliable and valid measures for future clinical studies. The Adjective Check List (ACL) and the Family Attitude Scale (FAS) were compared to EE ratings obtained after a brief interview. The ratings were made based on the conceptual framework of the Camberwell Family Interview, which includes the dimensions of criticism, hostility and emotional over‐involvement. Twenty‐one family members and their primary nurses participated in the study which revealed that 13 of the family members and 10 of the primary nurses were rated as high EE, either in terms of criticism, emotional over‐involvement or both, based on the interview. The differences in the mean FAS scores between the high EE groups and the low EE group was large but not statistically significant, and there was a significant correlation between the FAS and the brief interview. The ACL revealed some interesting results in terms of the way relatives and nurses see themselves responding to the person with schizophrenia and vice versa. Recommendations for future studies and family education strategies are made.
Risk assessment and management: A community forensic mental health practice model
Authors: Kelly Teresa , Simmons Warren , Gregory Esther 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACT: In Victoria, the Crimes (Mental Impairment and Unfitness to be Tried) Act (1997) reformed legal practice in relation to the detention, management and release of persons found by a court to be not guilty on the grounds of insanity or unfit to be tried. This Act provides a legal structure for such ‘forensic patients’ to move from secure inpatient facilities into the community. This new legislative landscape has generated challenges for all stakeholders and has provided the impetus for the development of a risk assessment and management model. The key components of the model are the risk profile, assessment and management plan. The discussion comprises theory, legislation, practice implications and limitations of the model. Practice implications concern the provision of objective tools, which identify risk and document strategic interventions to support clinical management. Some of the practice limitations include the model's applicability to risk assessment and management and its dependence on a mercurial multi‐service interface
in after‐hours crisis situations. In addition to this,
the paper articulates human limitations implicit in the therapeutic relationship that necessarily underpins the model. The paper concludes with an exploration of the importance of evaluative processes as well as the need for formal support and education for clinicians.
Reviews of units of care: Combining practice, research and quality assurance
Authors: FitzGerald Mary , Hill Anne , Mann Rosemary , Turrell Susan 
Published: March 2003

Fitzgerald M, Hill A, Mann R, Turrell S. International Journal of Nursing Practice 1998; 4: 134–141 Reviews of units of care: Combining practice, research and quality assurance That nurses should base their practice on the best available knowledge is generally accepted by the profession. However, the operationalisation of this ideal is difficult for hard pressed clinicians. We believe that responsibility for assimilating current knowledge in a practical format belongs to all nurses working in an organisation. This paper describes a project where clinicians, administrators and academics have collaborated to rewrite standards of practice in a format that includes up to date evidence and practical measures for appraising outcomes. This work is a practical example of quality assurance activities serving to create opportunities for collaboration between nurses who have chosen to practice, teach, manage and/or research nursing.
Prograde P–T path of kyanite eclogites from Junan in the Sulu ultrahigh‐pressure province, eastern China
Authors: Ebanu M , Nagasaki A 
Published: March 2003

AbstractKyanite‐bearing ultrahigh‐pressure (UHP) eclogites occur as blocks in orthogneisses at Yangzhuang, in the Junan area of the southwestern Sulu province, eastern China. Eclogites have variable bulk rock compositions, with Al2O3 = 16–27 wt%, FeO* + MgO = 6–22 wt% and CaO = 9–13 wt%. Major minerals are garnet, omphacite, phengitic white mica, zoisite, kyanite, rutile and an SiO2 phase. Fe‐rich staurolite (Mg ⇒ Mg# = 0.24 ± 0.01) and paragonite–margarite aggregates are rarely included in the cores of prograde zoned garnet. Metamorphic conditions ranged from 520 to 650°C and <1.4 GPa at an early prograde stage, and mostly reached 660–830°C and 2.7–3.5 GPa at the peak UHP stage. The estimated dP/dT of the prograde P–T path is less than 0.25 GPa/100°C at earlier stages and increases to 0.7–1.4 GPa/100°C just before the UHP stage. The kink of the prograde P–T path closely resembles the steady‐state P–T paths proposed, assuming a two‐parameter brittle‐plastic shear stress model. The estimated P–T path adequately explains the absence of prograde lawsonite and sodic amphibole and the common occurrence of coexisting zoisite, kyanite and sodic‐calcic amphibole in the UHP eclogites throughout the Sulu province. Simple clockwise prograde P–T paths for Sulu UHP eclogites proposed in earlier studies should be carefully re‐examined.
Does steatohepatitis impair liver regeneration? A study in a dietary model of non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis in rats
Authors: Zhang Bao‐Hong , Weltman Martin , Farrell Geoffrey 
Published: March 2003

Background: Impaired liver regeneration is a feature of alcoholic hepatitis, but the relative importance of alcohol, nutritional imbalance and inflammatory mediators in causing this effect is unclear. Non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a form of liver disease with similar morphology to alcoholic hepatitis, but the effect of this disorder on liver regeneration is unclear. We, therefore, examined the status of liver regeneration in a rat nutritional model of hepatic steatosis with inflammation, which is morphologically identical to NASH in humans. Methods: Male Wistar rats received a methionine–choline‐deficient diet (MCDD) for 4 weeks before experiments and both isocaloric pair‐fed and ad libitum‐fed rats were used as controls. Following partial hepatectomy (68%), the extent of hepatic regeneration was determined 24 h later using [3H]‐thymidine incorporation and restitution of liver mass. Results: There was no significant difference of [3H]‐thymidine incorporation in MCDD‐fed, pair‐fed and ad libitum‐fed rats (80 ± 27, 78 ± 11 and 80 ± 6.3 d.p.m./μg DNA, respectively). Similarly, restituted liver masses in three groups of rats were not significantly different (17 ± 3.8, 18 ± 1.8 and 17 ± 3.1% initial liver weight, respectively). Conclusions: The similarities in hepatic histology and cytochrome P450 2E1 induction between this nutritional model of hepatic steatohepatitis and alcoholic steatohepatitis imply that these two disorders share pathogenetic mechanisms. However, liver regeneration is not altered by NASH in rats, indicating that the nutritional and inflammatory changes that appear similar to those of alcoholic liver disease do not cause impairment of liver regeneration.
Primary sclerosing cholangitis in children
Authors: Roberts Eve 
Published: March 2003

Abstract Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), a chronic inflammatory process affecting the extrahepatic and/or medium to large bile ducts, is not rare in children. It has features suggesting an autoimmune pathogenesis, although the mechanism of tissue damage remains unknown. The clinical presentation of childhood primary sclerosing cholangitis is highly variable and frequently without obvious features of cholestasis. Clinical similarity to autoimmune hepatitis is common. Association with chronic colitis is less common than in adults. Cholangiography is essential for the diagnosis and examination of the medium to large intrahepatic ducts is mandatory, as 40% of children lack extrahepatic duct involvement. Histological findings may help to distinguish childhood PSC from autoimmune hepatitis. In children, sclerosing cholangitis may also develop secondary to other disease processes, notably Langerhans histiocytosis, congenital immunodeficiencies and cystic fibrosis. Neonatal sclerosing cholangitis is chronic inflammatory disease of bile ducts which presents initially with neonatal cholestasis; its pathogenesis remains uncertain and may not be the same as for primary sclerosing cholangitis. Effective treatment modalities for childhood PSC remain undetermined. Liver transplantation is required for children who progress to biliary cirrhosis and hepatic decompensation.© 1999 Blackwell Science Asia Pty Ltd
Effect of rotavirus infection on small gut pathophysiology in a mouse model
Authors: Katyal Ranjan , Rana Satyawati V , Vaiphei Kim , Ohja Sudarshan , Singh Kartar , Singh Virendra 
Published: March 2003

Abstract
Aim
: To study the effect of rotavirus infection on amino acid uptake in the small intestine in an experimental mouse model.
Methods
: Infant mice (7–8 days of age) were orally infected with the EB serotype 3 strain of rotavirus and animals (both infected and control) were killed on days 0, 1, 3, 5, 7 and 10 post inoculation (PI) after recording their bodyweights. Gamma‐glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT), leucine amino peptidase (LAP), glutathione (GSH) and leucine amino acid uptake in the jejunum and ileum were assessed.
Results
: Infected animals showed significant reduction in their bodyweights and intestinal lengths on the third day PI compared with controls. Leucine amino peptidase, GGT, GSH and leucine uptake were significantly reduced in the ileum on the third and fifth day PI compared with controls while uptake in the jejunum was only reduced on third day PI. The LAP, GGTP, GSH and leucine uptake attained normal levels on the seventh day when diarrhoea stopped. Histology showed damage to the villi in the jejunum and prominent cytoplasmic vacuolation in the ileum of infected animals on the third and fifth day PI.
Conclusion
: Rotavirus affects amino acid uptake in the small intestine at the time of peak infection.
Manifestations of hypercholesterolaemia, hypoglycaemia, erythrocytosis and hypercalcaemia in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma: Report of two cases
Authors: Chu Chen‐Wei , Hwang Shinn‐Jang , Luo Jiing‐Chyuan , Tsay Shyh‐Haw , Li Chung‐Pin , Chang Full‐Young , Lee Shou‐Dong , Lui Wing‐Yiu , Chiang Jen‐Huey 
Published: March 2003

Abstract
Background
: Hypercholesterolaemia, hypoglycaemia, hypercalcaemia and erythrocytosis, are well‐known paraneoplastic manifestations in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Hepatocellular carcinoma patients manifesting with two or three paraneoplastic manifestations have been previously reported. However, HCC patients presenting with four paraneoplastic syndromes have not been previously reported.
Methods and Results
: This manuscript describes two HCC patients who manifested with hypercholesterolaemia, hypoglycaemia, hypercalcaemia and erythrocytosis during their clinical course. Erythrocytosis appeared early when HCC was diagnosed and declined to within normal range after optimal therapy for HCC. Hypercholesterolaemia manifested initially after the diagnosis in case 1, declined to within normal range after lobectomy and was re‐elevated after tumour recurred. With disease progression, hypercalcaemia and hypoglycaemia occurred 1–3 months after diagnosis and the both patients subsequently died several days later.
Conclusions
: Similar features found in both patients were large tumour burden, high serum alpha‐fetoprotein level and rapid downhill clinical course even with optimal therapy. The clinical significance of these paraneoplastic manifestations is discussed.
Effect of butyrate on paracellular permeability in rat distal colonic mucosa ex vivo
Authors: Mariadason John M , Kilias Diana , Catto‐Smith Anthony , Gibson Peter R 
Published: March 2003

Abstract
Background and Aims
: The effects of butyrate on colonic epithelial barrier function are poorly understood. The aim of this study was to examine the short‐term effects of butyrate on paracellular permeability of rat distal colonic epithelium.
Methods
: Mucosa mounted in Ussing chambers was treated with butyrate (1–10 mmol/L) for 4 h. Transepithelial conductance, [51Cr]‐EDTA flux, mucosal brush border hydrolase activity and epithelial kinetics, using proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) staining, were measured.
Results
: On exposure to butyrate (10 mmol/L, but not 1 or 5 mmol/L), transepithelial conductance was 65 ± 2% higher (mean ± SEM; n = 8, P < 0.05, paired t‐test) and the rate coefficient for [51Cr]‐EDTA flux was 65 ± 25% higher (P = 0.03) than those of control tissue. Histologically, the epithelium exhibited no signs of injury, but butyrate‐treated tissue exhibited interstitial oedema consistent with water uptake in association with butyrate absorption. Butyrate caused a reduction in crypt column height to 30.6 ± 1.6 cells from 33.4 ± 1.8 cells in controls (n = 10, P < 0.03), but the number of cells per crypt column staining with PCNA was unchanged. Butyrate significantly reduced the mucosal activities of alkaline phosphatase by 40 ± 16%, maltase by 54 ± 12% and dipeptidyl peptidase IV by 41 ± 14%.
Conclusions
: Acute exposure to butyrate increased paracellular permeability in rat distal colon. The mechanism involved may relate to the loss of differentiated surface epithelial cells, or as a physiological response to Na+‐coupled butyrate uptake.
PREVALENCES OF HELICOBACTER PYLORI AMONG NSAID USERS AND NON USERS
Authors: Djumhana  , Hadi S , Abdurachman SA , Widjojo J , Saketi JR 
Published: March 2003

Background:The main etiology of gastroduodenal ulcer are NSAID and Hp. The role if Hp infection to the patients who use NSAID is still controversy. We compare the prevalence of Hp infection among ulcer and non ulcer patients in those who used NSAID and who didn’t use.Material & Methods:A retrospective study had been done from 1995 ‐ 1988 to 248 patients who were proven to have ulcer and non ulcer by endoscopic examination. Infection of Hp was tested by CLO and histopathology. Base on the history of NSAID consumption, the patients were divided into NSAID users group and non users group.Result:Between 1995 and 1998, 248 patients were studied, they consisted of 95 ulcer patients (50 GU, 40DU, 5 GU+DU) and 163 non ulcer patients. Age ranged from 16‐78 years old. The median age of GU;DU and NU wee 61;49 and 44 yrs respectively. Among 95 ulcer patients, 67.4% were NSAID user and 32.6% were non users, the prevalence of Hp among NSAID users and non users were 20.3% and 81.7% respectively (p<0.01).Among 163 non ulcer patients 36.8% were NSAID users and 63.2% were non users, the prevalence of Hp among NSAID users and non users were 33.1% and 60.2% respectively (p<0.05). Ninety percent of 50 GU patients were NSAID users, the prevalence of Hp among them was 11.1%. The prevalence of Hp among GU patients who didnít use NSAID was 4/5(80%). Among 40 patients with DU,35% were NSAID users and 65% were non users, the prevalence of Hp among users and non users were 42.9% and 92.3% respectively (p<0.01). All patients with GU+DU were NSAID users, 40% of them had Hp positive.Conclusion:The prevalence of Hp among NSAID users was lower than non users. In NSAID users group who had ulcer the prevalence of Hp was lower than those who had non ulcer. This finding support that Hp infection may not increase the risk of ulcer in patient who use NSAID.
ENDOSCOPIC AND HISTOPATHOLOGIC PICTURE OF GASTRIC MUCOSA WITH HELICOBACTER PYLORI INFECTION
Authors: B Marpaung , Hakim Zain Lukman , P Tarigan , S Pardede , G Tambunan 
Published: March 2003

BackgroundHelicobacter pylori (HP) can colonise beneath layer of mucous on the surface of gastric epithelial cells caused chronic infection more than 95% at antrum (chronic antral inflamation) besides corpus with spreading inequitably. This inflamation can cause gastric lession as a Gastritis, Gastric Ulcer (GU), Cancer of Duodenal Ulcer (DU). Absence of chronic antral inflamation (increased number of mononuclear cells in lamina propia) is a highly specific methode to exclude H. pylori infection.ObjectiveTo investigated endoscopic mucosal lesion (Gastritis, GU, Cancer or DU) and histologic picture of gastric mucosal H. pylori infection.MethodsThis study was performed in 50 patient with gastroscopic lesion (Gastritis, GU,Cancer or DU) and CLO test positive. H. pylori was evaluated by modified Giemsa staining and gastritis by Haemotoxiline and eosin (H and E) staining in the antrum and corpus.ResultReported in The Third Western Pasific Helicobacter Congress, June 22‐24 Bali Indonesia.