bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antifungal activity and mechanism of palmarosa essential oil against pathogen Botrytis cinerea in the postharvest onions
Authors: Kou Zhian , Zhang Jinfeng , Lan Qingqing , Liu Lu , Su Xu , Islam Rehmat , Tian Yongqiang 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Aims
Botrytis cinerea is a pathogenic fungus that infests multiple crops, which causes a severe decrease in yield and generates substantial losses in the economy. Palmarosa essential oil (PEO) is a primary aromatic compound extracted from palmarosa that is commonly used for scent, medicine, and flavoring foods due to its diverse bioactive properties. In this study, we explored the antifungal activity and the main mechanism of action of PEO against B. cinerea. In addition, the components and control effects of PEO were also studied.

Methods and Results
The antifungal assay was tested using the mycelial growth rate method and colony morphology. The constituents of PEO were identified according to gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The main mechanism of action of PEO was evaluated by measuring representative indicators, which consist of cell contents leakage, excess reactive oxygen species (ROS), and other related indicators. The results indicated that at a concentration of 0.60 ml l−1, PEO exhibits strong antifungal activity against B. cinerea. The PEO mainly included 13 compounds, of which citronellol (44.67%), benzyl benzoate (14.66%), and acetyl cedrene (9.63%) might be the main antifungal ingredients. The study elucidated the main mechanism of action of PEO against B. cinerea, which involved the disruption of cell membrane structure, resulting in altered the cell membrane permeability, leakage of cell contents, and accumulation of excess ROS.

Conclusions
PEO is a satisfactory biological control agent that inhibits B. cinerea in postharvest onions. PEO (0.60 ml l−1) exhibited strong antifungal activity by disrupting the cell membrane structure, altering cell membrane permeability, leading to the cell contents leakage, accumulation of excess ROS and increased level of Malondialdehyde (MDA) compared to the control group.
Measuring the Impact of Patient Engagement in Health Research: An Exploratory Study Using Multiple Survey Tools
Authors: Marshall Deborah A , Suryaprakash Nitya , Bryan Stirling , Barker Karis L , MacKean Gail , Zelinsky Sandra , McCarron Tamara L , Santana Maria J , Moayyedi Paul , Lavallee Danielle C 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background
Studies report various ways in which patients are involved in research design and conduct. Limited studies explore the influence of patient engagement (PE) at each research stage in qualitative research from the perspectives of all stakeholders.

Methods
We established two small research groups, a Patient Researcher-Led Group and an Academic Researcher-Led Group. We recruited patient research partners (PRP; n = 5), researchers (n = 5), and clinicians (n = 4) to design and conduct qualitative research aimed at identifying candidate attributes related to patient preferences for tapering biologic treatments in inflammatory bowel disease. We administered surveys before starting, two months into, and post-project work. The surveys contained items from three PE evaluation tools. We assessed the two groups regarding the influence and impact each stakeholder had during the different research stages.

Results
PRPs had a moderate or a great deal of influence on the critical research activities across the research stages. They indicated moderate/very/extremely meaningful engagement and agreed/strongly agreed impact of PE. PRPs helped operationalize the research question; design the study and approach; develop study materials; recruit participants; and collect and interpret the data.

Conclusion
The three tools together provide deeper insight into the influence of PE at each research stage. Lessons learnt from this study suggest that PE can impact many aspects of research including the design, process, and approach in the context of qualitative research, increasing the patient-centeredness of the study. More comprehensive validated tools are required that work with a more diverse subject pool and in other contexts.
The effect of patient’s body weight, infusion connection point, and infusion pump position on intravenous multi-infusion drug delivery at low infusion rates suitable for premature neonates
Authors: Krysiak Kamelia , Cleary Brian , McCallion Naomi , O’Brien Fiona 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Introduction
Parenteral drug administration in the neonatal intensive care involves complex pharmacotherapy adjusted for the patient’s weight, fluid allowance, and complex multi-infusion systems.

Objectives
We investigated the delivery rate of a model drug through a multi-infusion system consisting of six intravenous infusions.

Methods
Delivery rate of the model drug was determined after infusion initiation and termination. Measurements were collected spectrophotometrically in real time. Time to drug delivery and the amount of drug delivered were measured.

Key findings
The longest time to drug delivery was observed for a 500 g neonate model with a distal infusion connection point and neutral pump position (337 ± 30 min, P &lt; 0.001). The shortest time was observed for a 1000 g neonate model in the combination of proximal infusion connection point and neutral pump position (18 ± 12 min, P &lt; 0.05). The expected 100% of the drug was delivered only in two combinations: 500 g and 1000 g neonate models, proximal infusion connection point and neutral pump position (100.4 ± 4.7%, P = 0.819 and 100.2 ± 2.7%, P = 0.874, respectively). While the least drug was delivered to a 500 g neonate model in the combination of distal infusion connection point and neutral pump position (27.5 ± 5.8%, P &lt; 0.001).

Conclusions
Delayed drug delivery to premature neonates due to multi-infusion systems may compromise accurate drug administration and lead to dosing errors.
Phenomenological emergent dark energy versus the ΛCDM: ellipticity of cosmic voids
Authors: Ebrahimi Esmaeil 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT
We disclose the influences of the phenomenological emergent dark energy (PEDE) and its generalization (GEDE) on the distribution of tidal ellipticity of the cosmic voids. We also compare our results with that of the standard ΛCDM cosmology. The underlying models consist with recent observations (specially in favour of H0 tension) and may impact the cosmic voids geometry. We employ the analytic approach based on statistics of the tidal tensor eigenvalues. We confirm a significant sensitivity of the ellipticity distribution function for PEDE and GEDE cosmology. We observe the largest deviation from the standard cosmology for GEDE in the range ($z\gt 0, R_{\mathrm{L}}\ge 4\, h^{-1}\, \mathrm{Mpc}$). Working on these distribution functions we reveal that the mean ellipticity (〈ε〉) profile of GEDE versus redshift lies below than that of PEDE and ΛCDM indicating that GEDE leads to a less elongated society of voids with respect to other models. We also identify a tight correlation between σ8 and the mean ellipticity evolution. Finally, we explore the mean ellipticity versus RL and estimate that in this case GEDE leads to a different ellipticity curve (up to 11 ${{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ smaller than that of ΛCDM).
Predictions for electromagnetic counterparts to Neutron Star mergers discovered during LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA observing runs 4 and 5
Authors: Shah Ved G , Narayan Gautham , Perkins Haille M L , Foley Ryan J , Chatterjee Deep , Cousins Bryce , Macias Phillip 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT
We present a comprehensive, configurable open-source software framework for estimating the rate of electromagnetic detection of kilonovae (KNe) associated with gravitational wave detections of binary neutron star (BNS) mergers. We simulate the current LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA (LVK) observing run (O4) using current sensitivity and uptime values as well as using predicted sensitivites for the next observing run (O5). We find the number of discoverable kilonovae during LVK O4 to be ${ 1}_{- 1}^{+ 4}$ or ${ 2 }_{- 2 }^{+ 3 }$, (at 90 per cent confidence) depending on the distribution of NS masses in coalescing binaries, with the number increasing by an order of magnitude during O5 to ${ 19 }_{- 11 }^{+ 24 }$. Regardless of mass model, we predict at most five detectable KNe (at 95 per cent confidence) in O4. We also produce optical and near-infrared light curves that correspond to the physical properties of each merging system. We have collated important information for allocating observing resources for search and follow-up observations, including distributions of peak magnitudes in several broad-bands and time-scales for which specific facilities can detect each KN. The framework is easily adaptable, and new simulations can quickly be produced in response to updated information such as refined merger rates and NS mass distributions. Finally, we compare our suite of simulations to the thus-far completed portion of O4 (as of 2023, October 14), finding a median number of discoverable KNe of 0 and a 95 percentile upper limit of 2, consistent with no detections so far in O4.
Quantifying chaos and randomness in magnetar bursts
Authors: Yamasaki Shotaro , Göğüș Ersin , Hashimoto Tetsuya 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT
In this study, we explore the dynamical stability of magnetar bursts within the context of the chaos-randomness phase space for the first time, aiming to uncover unique behaviours compared to various astrophysical transients, including fast radio bursts (FRBs). We analyse burst energy time series data from active magnetar sources SGR J1550−5418 and SGR J1935+2154, focusing on burst arrival time and energy differences between consecutive events. We find a distinct separation in the time domain, where magnetar bursts exhibit significantly lower randomness compared to FRBs, solar flares, and earthquakes, with a slightly higher degree of chaos. In the energy domain, magnetar bursts exhibit a broad consistency with other phenomena, primarily due to the wide distribution of chaos-randomness observed across different bursts and sources. Intriguingly, contrary to expectations from the FRB-magnetar connection, the arrival time patterns of magnetar bursts in our analysis do not exhibit significant proximity to repeating FRBs in the chaos-randomness plane. This finding may challenge the hypothesis that FRBs are associated with typical magnetar bursts but indirectly supports the evidence that FRBs may primarily be linked to special magnetar bursts like peculiar X-ray bursts from SGR J1935+2154 observed simultaneously with Galactic FRB 200428.
Nasopharyngeal Viral Load Is the Major Driver of Incident Antibody Immune Response to SARS-CoV-2 Infection
Authors: Xu Meng , O’Brien Meagan P , Hooper Andrea T , Forleo-Neto Eduardo , Isa Flonza , Hou Peijie , Chan Kuo-Chen , Cohen Myron S , Marovich Mary A , Hamilton Jennifer D , Hirshberg Boaz , Herman Gary A , Musser Bret J 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background
Virologic determinants of seroconversion to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection were defined in a post hoc analysis of prospectively studied vaccine- and infection-naïve individuals at high risk for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

Methods
This phase 3 COVID-19 prevention trial (NCT04452318) with casirivimab and imdevimab was conducted in July 2020–February 2021, before widespread vaccine availability. Placebo-treated participants who were uninfected (SARS-CoV-2 quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction [RT-qPCR] negative) and seronegative were assessed weekly for 28 days (efficacy assessment period [EAP]) for COVID-19 symptoms and SARS-CoV-2 infection by RT-qPCR of nasopharyngeal swab samples and for serostatus by antinucleocapsid immunoglobulin (Ig) G. Regression-based modeling, including causal mediation analysis, estimated the effects of viral load on seroconversion.

Results
Of 157/1069 (14.7%) uninfected and seronegative (for antispike IgG, antispike IgA, and antinucleocapsid IgG) participants who became infected during the EAP, 105 (65%) seroconverted. The mean (SD) maximum viral load of seroconverters was 7.23 (1.68) log10 copies/mL vs 4.8 (2.2) log10 copies/mL in those who remained seronegative; viral loads of ∼6.0 log10 copies/mL better predicted seroconversion. The mean of the maximum viral load was 7.11 log10 copies/mL in symptomatic participants vs 5.58 log10 copies/mL in asymptomatic participants. The mean duration of detectable viral load was longer in seroconverted vs seronegative participants: 3.24 vs 1.63 weeks.

Conclusions
Maximum SARS-CoV-2 viral load is a major driver of seroconversion and symptomatic COVID-19, with high viral loads (∼6.0 log10 copies/mL) better predicting seroconversion. Serology underestimates infection rates, incidence, and prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Ownership Beneath: Transparency of Land Ownership in Times of Economic Crime
Authors: Douglas Simon , Layard Antonia 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This article considers ‘ownership beneath’ in light of the Economic Crime (Transparency and Enforcement) Act 2022, which has introduced a new Schedule 4A into the Land Registration Act 2002. The legislation, with notable exceptions, requires overseas entities to publicly reveal their beneficial owners, with criminal and land law consequences if transparency requirements are not met. The article explores how ownership beneath operates and can be made more transparent, noting the three different forms of beneficial ownership employed: as control, behind a trust and as a consequence. Emphasising the distinctive nature of beneficial ownership of land, the analysis recommends amending ECTEA 2022 to focus on land ownership, not merely landowning overseas entities, facilitating greater transparency by expanding the definition of registrable beneficial owners, closing the loophole where information is not available and requiring public disclosure of most trust information.
Practitioner perspectives on climate mobilities in South Florida
Authors: Mach Katharine J , Niemann Jennifer , Donald Rosalind , Owley Jessica , Seeteram Nadia A , Siders A R , Cortada Xavier I , Nyburg Alex , Roberti Adam , Wright Ian A 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Moving away from hazardous areas may be an important adaptive response under intensifying climate change, but to date such movement has been controversial and conducted with limited government or private-sector support. Research has emphasized resident perspectives on mobility, but understanding how professionals view it may open new avenues to shape future outcomes. Based on 76 interviews with professionals involved in climate responses in South Florida, we evaluate perceptions of adaptation goals, the potential role of climate mobilities in pathways supporting those goals, and associated constraints and enablers. The practitioners interviewed anticipate multiple types of climate mobilities will occur in the region, at increasing scales. Interviewees perceive climate mobilities at present, especially migration and gentrification where climate plays some role, as causing distributional inequities and financial and sociocultural disruptions, and they view existing adaptive strategies as best serving those who already have adequate resources, despite practitioners’ personal commitments to social justice goals. Although many practitioners feel prepared for their own, limited roles related to climate mobilities, they judge the region as a whole as being unprepared to support the retreat they see as inevitable, with a need for a more ambitious long-term transition plan. Achieving this need will be difficult, as practitioners indicate that climate mobilities remain hard to talk about politically. Nevertheless, interviewees believe some households are already considering moving in response to climate risks. Discussions of climate mobilities, through interviews and far beyond, may encourage more mindful choices about and engagement in climate-driven transformations.
What Is The Public? A Pragmatic Analysis of a Core Concept in Public Administration
Authors: Whetsell Travis A 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The discipline of public administration has grappled with concepts regarding the public for well over a century. Scholars from public opinion, public choice, and public value(s) have analyzed myriad elements of administration related to the public. Scholars also have applied numerous concepts from philosophical pragmatism to public administration. However, detailed explorations of the fundamental concept of the public remain surprisingly sparse. The public remains eclipsed by administration. In this essay, I analyze the concept of the public focusing on the works of John Dewey. Viewed through this lens, publics emerge when social interaction generates unreglated effects on communities that respond by organizing collective or state action, a process which I refer to as the realization of the pragmatic public. I juxtapose the theory with multiple extant literature on public administration, including public choice, transaction costs, and public value(s). I identify consistencies and inconsistencies to provide a pluralistic yet coherent framework in the hope of revealing points of departure for future theory development. Finally, I reframe and extend the pragmatic public by applying the insights of contemporary scholarship in networks and complexity theory.
Delimiting phylogeographic diversity in the genomic era: application to an Iberian endemic frog
Authors: Dufresnes Christophe , Ambu Johanna , Galán Pedro , Sequeira Fernando , Viesca Leticia , Choda Magdalena , Álvarez David , Alard Bérénice , Suchan Tomasz , Künzel Sven , Martínez-Solano Iñigo , Vences Miguel , Nicieza Alfredo 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The rich genetic and phenotypic diversity of species complexes is best recognized through formal taxonomic naming, but one must first assess the evolutionary history of phylogeographic lineages to identify and delimit candidate taxa. Using genomic markers, mitochondrial DNA barcoding, and morphometric analyses, we examined lineage diversity and distribution in the Iberian endemic frog Rana parvipalmata. We confirmed two deep phylogeographic lineages, one relatively homogenous genetically, found in Asturias and adjacent areas (T2), and one more fragmented and locally genetically impoverished, restricted to Galicia (T1). Analyses of their hybrid zone suggested a shallow transition characterized by far-ranging admixture, which was modelled by a wide geographic cline (~60 km for the genome average) and no obvious barrier loci (i.e. loci showing disproportionally restricted introgression). The relatively young T1 and T2 have thus remained reproductively compatible, which argues against their distinction as biological species, and we accordingly describe T2 as a new subspecies, Rana parvipalmata asturiensis ssp. nov. Remarkably, we highlight striking discordances between mitochondrial and nuclear distributions across their hybrid zones, as well as between their genetic and morphological differentiation. Our study illustrates how genomic-based phylogeographic frameworks can help decipher the high genetic and phenotypic variation of species complexes and substantiate the taxonomic assessment of candidate lineages.
Myrmecophagy in lizards: evolutionary and ecological implications
Authors: Cavalcanti Lucas B Q , Costa Gabriel C , Colli Guarino R , Pianka Eric R , Vitt Laurie J , Mesquita Daniel O 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Myrmecophagy is one of the most common dietary specializations among vertebrates. Ants are an important food resource for many lizard species. Here, we use a large dataset on ant consumption by lizards (345 species, 33 families) to explore evolutionary and ecological correlates of myrmecophagy across the evolutionary history of lizards. Based on literature and previous empirical work, we develop and test the following hypotheses about myrmecophagy: (i) it does not occur randomly across Squamata; it is correlated with (ii) foraging mode, (iii) habitat, (iv) body size, (v) aridity, and/or (vi) species range size. We found that ant ingestion is not distributed randomly in the phylogeny, with higher ingestion concentrated in some Iguania. Myrmecophagy also evolved in Lacertoidea and it is a derived trait with relatively recent origin. Foraging mode, habitat, body size, and aridity do not influence ant ingestion. Species with smaller range sizes show high variability in ant ingestion, whereas lizards with larger ranges tend to eat a lower proportion of ants. This result confirms the general ecological pattern that specialization is more common in narrowly distributed species. We suggest that future studies should also explore dietary specialization more broadly and provide a better taxonomic resolution of ant species in the diet of lizards.
Trends and hotspots related to traditional and modern approaches on acupuncture for stroke: A bibliometric and visualization analysis
Authors: Chuang Chao-Yu , Chou Willy , Chien Tsair-Wei , Jen Tung-Hui 
Published: December 2023

Background:
Acupuncture role in stroke treatment and post-stroke rehabilitation has garnered significant attention. However, there is a noticeable gap in bibliometric studies on this topic. Additionally, the precision and comprehensive methodology of cluster analysis remain underexplored. This research sought to introduce an innovative cluster analysis technique (called follower-leading clustering algorithm, FLCA) to evaluate global publications and trends related to acupuncture for stroke in the recent decade.

Methods:
Publications pertaining to acupuncture for stroke from 2013 to 2022 were sourced from the Web of Science Core Collection. For the assessment of publication attributes—including contributing countries/regions (e.g., US states, provinces, and major cities in China) in comparison to others, institutions, departments, authors, journals, and keywords—we employed bibliometric visualization tools combined with the FLCA algorithm. The analysis findings, inclusive of present research status, prospective trends, and 3 influential articles, were presented through bibliometrics with visualizations.

Results:
We identified 1050 publications from 92 countries/regions. An initial gradual rise in publication numbers was observed until 2019, marking a pivotal juncture. Prominent contributors in research, based on criteria such as regions, institutions, departments, and authors, were Beijing (China), Beijing Univ Chinese Med (China), the Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, and Lidian Chen (Fujian). The journal “Evid.-based Complement Altern” emerged as the most productive. The FLCA algorithm was effectively employed for co-word and author collaboration analyses. Furthermore, we detail the prevailing research status, anticipated trends, and 3 standout articles via bibliometrics.

Conclusion:
Acupuncture for stroke presents a vast research avenue. It is imperative for scholars from various global regions and institutions to transcend academic boundaries to foster dialogue and cooperation. For forthcoming bibliometric investigations, the application of the FLCA algorithm for cluster analysis is advocated.