bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Malnutrition exacerbating neuropsychiatric symptoms on the Alzheimer's continuum is relevant to the cAMP signaling pathway: Human and mouse studies
Authors: Jiang Jiwei , Jiang Tianlin , Wang Xiaohong , Zhao Min , Shi Hanping , Zhang Huiying , Li Wenyi , Jiang Shirui , Zhang Xiaoli , Zhou Jiawei , Ren Qiwei , Wang Linlin , Yang Shiyi , Yao Zeshan , Liu Yaou , Xu Jun 
Published: January 2025

AbstractINTRODUCTIONMalnutrition correlates with neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPSs) in Alzheimer's disease (AD); however, the potential mechanism underlying this association remains unclear.METHODSBaseline and longitudinal associations of nutritional status with NPSs were analyzed in 374 patients on the AD continuum and 61 healthy controls. Serum biomarkers, behavioral tests, cerebral neurotransmitters, and differentially gene expression were evaluated in standard and malnourished diet–fed transgenic APPswe/PSEN1dE9 (APP/PS1) mice.RESULTSPoor nutritional status and increased cerebral blood flow in the midbrain and striatum were associated with severe general NPSs and subtypes, especially depression, anxiety, and apathy. APP/PS1 mice fed a malnourished diet showed poor nutritional status, depression‐ and anxiety‐like behaviors, altered neurotransmitter levels, and downregulated c‐Fos expression in the midbrain and striatum; these were associated with suppressed cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) signaling pathway.DISCUSSIONMalnutrition exacerbating NPSs is relevant to suppressed cAMP pathway in the midbrain and striatum, suggesting the potential for targeted nutritional interventions to mitigate NPSs in the AD continuum.Highlights
Poor nutritional status linked to general and specific neuropsychiatric symptom (NPS) deterioration.
Malnutrition affects NPSs, usually involving the midbrain and striatum.
Malnourished diet induces depression‐ and anxiety‐like behaviors in APP/PS1 mice.
Malnutrition exacerbates NPSs associated with cAMP signaling pathway in the midbrain and striatum.
Polymer Ligands with Multi‐Nitrogen Heterocyclic Carbenes for Enhanced Stability and Reactivity in Nanoparticle Surface Functionalization
Authors: Tao Jing , Zheng Di , Tang Yutian , He Huibin , Zhang Yan , Yang Yanqiong , Dai Liwei , Zha Huaining , Sang Yutao , Nie Zhihong 
Published: January 2025

AbstractNitrogen heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) are emerging as effective substitutes for conventional thiol ligands in surface functionalization of nanoparticles (NPs), offering exceptional stability to NPs under harsh conditions. However, the highly reactive feature of NHCs limits their use in introducing chemically active groups onto the NP surface. Herein, we develop a general yet robust strategy for the efficient surface functionalization of NPs with copolymer ligands bearing various functional groups. The polymer ligands consist of a multiple NHCs block, utilized for surface binding on NPs, alongside a poly(reactive ester) block intended for incorporating functional groups. The multiple NHCs block enables NPs with excellent colloidal stability across a broader range of pH values (0–14), temperature variations (–78 °C‐100 °C), and electrolyte concentrations (0–1000 mM). Through the in situ ammonolysis of the poly(reactive ester) block, various active functional groups can be individually or together introduced on the NP surface. We further demonstrate the chemical reactivity of these functionalized NPs, including addition polymerization, Diels–Alder and Schiff base reactions. This method is applicable to various types of NPs, including metal NPs, metal oxide NPs, and even upconversion NPs, thereby paving new pathways for the design and creation of nanoparticle‐based functional materials.
Surface Hydroxylated S/O Dual‐Vacancy S‐Scheme Hollow [In2S3‐x/In2O3‐x](OH)y Heterojunction for Photothermal‐promoted Low‐Temperature Methanol/Water Reforming into Hydrogen
Authors: Pi Yunhong , Lin Wenting , Li Jianxian , Yang Jingyao , Zengcai Ziyu , Chen Quanming , Guo Juan , Wang Tiejun 
Published: January 2025

AbstractTo enable highly efficient in situ hydrogen release from methanol/water reforming at lower temperature, the integration of solar‐energy offers a promising approach to activate methanol/water and substantially lower the activation energy of this reaction. Herein, we present a novel dual‐vacancy defective hollow heterostructure derived from Metal–Organic Frameworks, featuring abundant surface hydroxyl groups and S/O vacancies, for photothermal‐promoted methanol solution reforming into hydrogen. The [In2S3‐x/In2O3‐x](OH)y exhibits exceptional photothermal H2 evolution activity, achieving a production rate of 215.2 mmolgcat−1h−1, 16‐fold higher than its thermocatalytic activity, with an apparent quantum efficiency of 66.8 % at 365 nm and solar‐to‐hydrogen efficiency (STH) of 1.1 % under AM 1.5G simulated solar illumination, and excellent durability over 82 h, cumulating 2.61×103 mmolgcat−1. The synergistic effects of dual‐vacancies and the hollow heterostructure significantly enhance the photothermal effect, lowering the activation energy barrier for methanol/water, enabling H2 production at temperatures even as 80 °C under non‐alkaline conditions. Furthermore, the incorporated surface hydroxyl groups facilitate the generation of active surface hydroxyls from water, further driving activation and cleavage of C−H bonds in methanol, thereby markedly reducing the apparent reaction activation energy by 12.5 %. This work provides a new strategy for effective H2 production from aqueous methanol reforming under mild conditions, holding great promise for energy‐demanding industrial applications.
Ph3PC – Ein Monosubstituiertes C(0) Atom im Triplett‐Zustand
Authors: Kutin Yury , Koike Taichi , Drosou Maria , Schnegg Alexander , Pantazis Dimitrios A. , Kasanmascheff Müge , Hansmann Max M. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractDiese Arbeit etabliert eine neue Klasse von kohlenstoffzentrierten Diradikalen: ein monosubstituiertes C‐Atom, das durch ein Phosphan stabilisiert wird. Das Diradikal Ph3P→C wurde photochemisch aus einem Diazophosphorylid‐Vorläufer (Ph3PCN2) erzeugt und durch EPR‐ und isotopensensitive ENDOR‐Spektroskopie bei niedrigen Temperaturen charakterisiert. Ph3P→C weist einen axialen „zero‐field splitting“ (ZFS) Parameter D=0.543 cm−1 mit einer verschwindend kleinen Rhombizität |E|/D=0.002 auf. Zeit‐ und temperaturabhängige Messungen bestätigen einen Triplett‐Grundzustand mit einer Lebensdauer von etwa 10 min bei 127 K in Toluol‐d8. Elektronische Multireferenzrechnungen sagen einen eindeutigen Triplett‐Grundzustand mit einer Singulett‐Triplett‐Lücke von mehr als 20 kcal/mol voraus. Im Gegensatz zu zweiwertigen C(0)‐Verbindungen wie Ph3P→C←PPh3, bei denen der Kohlenstoff in eine hoch angeregte closed‐shell 2s02p4‐Konfiguration angeregt werden muss, kann die Elektronenstruktur in Ph3P→C durch die direkte Beteiligung des Kohlenstoffs an seinem natürlichen 3P‐Zustand erklärt werden, der sich aus der 2s22p2‐Konfiguration ergibt.
Axially Chiral TADF Imidazolium Salts for Circularly Polarized Light‐Emitting Electrochemical Cells
Authors: Feng Chao , Zhang Ke , Zhang Bianxiang , Feng Liheng , He Lei , Chen Chuan‐Feng , Li Meng 
Published: January 2025

AbstractA pair of axially chiral thermally activated delayed fluorescent (TADF) enantiomers, R‐TCBN‐ImEtPF6 and S‐TCBN‐ImEtPF6, with intrinsic ionic characteristics were efficiently synthesized by introducing imidazolium hexafluorophosphate to chiral TADF unit. The TADF imidazolium salts exhibited a high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of up to 92 %, a small singlet–triplet energy gap (▵EST) of 0.04 eV, as well as reversible redox properties. Furthermore, the enantiomers showed distinct mirror‐image CD and CPL activities with glum values of −3.7×10−3 and +3.4×10−3. Notably, by doping the axial TADF imidazolium salts into achiral TADF sensitizer, sandwich‐structured light‐emitting electrochemical cells (LECs) without the addition of ionic liquids (ILs) or ionic transition‐metal compounds (iTMCs) were fabricated. When driven at 50 A m−2, the LECs displayed an EQE of up to 5.2 % and strong circularly polarized electroluminescence (CPEL) with gEL values of +3.3×10−3 and −3.0×10−3. This represents the first CP‐LEC based on TADF materials and offers a promising strategy for the development of high‐performance CPEL devices.
Surface‐Confined Disordered Hydrogen Bonds Enable Efficient Lithium Transport in All‐Solid‐State PEO‐Based Lithium Battery
Authors: Fan You , Malyi Oleksandr I. , Wang Huicai , Cheng Xiangxin , Fu Xiaobin , Wang Jingshu , Ke Haifeng , Xia Huarong , Shen Yanbin , Bai Zhengshuai , Chen Shi , Shao Huaiyu , Chen Xiaodong , Tang Yuxin , Bao Xiaojun 
Published: January 2025

AbstractPolyethylene oxide (PEO)‐based electrolytes are essential to advance all‐solid‐state lithium batteries (ASSLBs) with high safety/energy density due to their inherent flexibility and scalability. However, the inefficient Li+ transport in PEO often leads to poor rate performance and diminished stability of the ASSLBs. The regulation of intermolecular H‐bonds is regarded as one of the most effective approaches to enable efficient Li+ transport, while the practical performances are hindered by the electrochemical instability of free H‐bond donors and the constrained mobility of highly ordered H‐bonding structures. To overcome these challenges, we develop a surface‐confined disordered H‐bond system with stable donor‐acceptor interactions to construct a loosened chain segments/ions arrangement in the bulk phase of PEO‐based electrolytes, realizing the crystallization inhibition of PEO, weak coordination of Li+ and entrapment of anions, which are conducive to efficient Li+ transport and stable Li+ deposition. The rationally designed LiFePO4‐based ASSLB demonstrates a long cycle‐life of over 400 cycles at 1.0 C and 65 °C with a capacity retention rate of 87.5 %, surpassing most of the currently reported polymer‐based ASSLBs. This work highlights the importance of confined disordered H‐bonds on Li+ transport in an all‐solid‐state battery system, paving the way for the future design of polymer‐based ASSLBs.
Clone‐Resolved Chemical Depletion of T cells via Cellular Proximity Chemistry
Authors: Wu Yunze , Deng Tao , Song Lin , Zhu Wenqi , Zhong Da , Jiao Jinbiao , Li Wannan , Zhong Lingyu , Tian Tian , Dong Lei , Li Jie P. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractT cells play a pivotal role in the development of autoimmune diseases. To mitigate autoimmune inflammation without inducing global immunosuppression, it is crucial to selectively eliminate autoreactive T cell clones while preserving the normal T cell repertoire. In this study, we applied cellular proximity chemistry to develop a T‐cell depletion method with clonal precision. Using engineered dendritic cells (DCs) with surface‐bound photosensitizers, we generated reactive oxygen species (ROS) at immune synapses, leading to the targeted death of antigen‐specific T cells in close proximity. This process induces lipid oxidation in T cell membranes, triggering ferroptosis‐like cell death. The method enables the selective elimination of specific T cell clones without affecting others, in which the clonal resolution was demonstrated by TCR sequencing. Finally, we demonstrated the efficacy of this approach in a type 1 diabetes model by selectively depleting the pathogenic 8.3 T cell clone, thereby protecting islet β cells and preserving overall T cell function. This strategy offers a promising avenue for immunosuppressive therapy that targets pathogenic T cells while maintaining overall immune integrity.
Research on the Suppression of Methane Explosion by ZSM‐5 Zeolite With Different Si/Al Ratios
Authors: Wang Siqi , Hao Yongmei , Wu Zhengqi , Wu Fan , Xu Ning 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTTo investigate the impact of single zeolite powder on methane explosion inhibition, a ZSM‐5 zeolite with a porous structure was utilized as the raw material and subjected to alkali treatment to obtain the zeolites' powers with varying Si/Al ratios. The modified powders were characterized and analyzed using SEM, XRD, EDS analysis, etc. and compared with unmodified zeolite powders regarding their explosion suppression effects. The results demonstrated that alkali‐treated zeolite powders exhibited superior explosion suppression effects, with the optimum effect achieved at the Si/Al ratio of 10.32, reducing the maximum explosion pressure by 84.24% compared to unfilled conditions. In this study, the explosion suppression effect of the explosion suppression powders includes adsorption of gases, barrier effect, and reaction with free radicals in the explosion process. Desilication increased sodium content within the zeolites; however, this content decreased as the silicon‐to‐aluminum ratio increased due to its capability to capture free radicals generated during explosions and interrupt chain reactions.
Numerical Studies on Phase Change Material–Operated Condenser and Preheater for Energy‐Efficient Refrigeration Cycle
Authors: Rajak Shyam Kumar , Ghosh Debasree 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe study investigates using solid–liquid phase change materials (PCMs) as heat exchangers in energy‐efficient refrigeration systems. A modified refrigeration cycle flow model was proposed and progressively refined for better performance. Initial simulations used simplified U‐tube flow models to reduce complexity, analyzing PCM charging and discharging separately before integrating them into the modified refrigeration system. Various parameters were examined, including the mass flow rate of refrigerant R134a, inlet temperatures of hot and cold refrigerants, and the heat transfer area. The refrigerant, termed HotR, flows through the condenser, while the cooler refrigerant, ColdR, flows through the preheater. PCM acts as the condenser during charging and as the preheater during discharging. Simulation techniques such as the enthalpy‐porosity model for the PCM mushy region, the Lee model for evaporation–condensation, and the volume‐of‐fluid (VOF) multiphase model were utilized to model the PCM‐operated condenser accurately. The study offers valuable insights for optimizing PCM utilization in refrigeration cycles. It emphasizes the importance of refining charging and discharging processes to enhance system efficiency and condensation performance. Simulations showed the need for flow rate adjustments to achieve optimal condensation. Using HotR (343 K) and ColdR (263 K) inlet temperatures and a flow rate of 0.000824 kg/s, the system achieved up to 47% condensation and 25.08 K preheating with the integrated setup.
Thermal‐Oxidative Aging Behavior and Factors of Polystyrene‐Based Thermoplastic Elastomers‐Based Automotive Interior Skin
Authors: Liu Shuwen , Wang Dong , Guo Guomin , Zhang Jihai , Qiu Jun , Zhang Aimin 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTCompared to traditional polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyurethane (PU), and thermoplastic olefin (TPO) materials, thermoplastic elastomers (TPEs) offer advantages of complete recyclability, absence of plasticizers and solvents, superior mechanical properties, pleasing tactile characteristics, low volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emissions, and cost‐effective processing. Making it an exceptional choice for environmentally friendly automotive skin materials. The automotive skin is frequently subjected to harsh conditions, such as high temperatures and oxygen exposure during use, presenting a significant durability challenge. Therefore, this study focuses on polystyrene (PS)‐based thermoplastic elastomers (TPE‐S) as the subject and investigates the influence of molecular weight, PS content, and chain structure in the blend on the mechanical properties of TPE‐S using an accelerated thermal‐oxidative aging method. Meanwhile, the changes of TPE‐S during the aging process are discussed via molecular weight, crystalline structure, molecular chain structure, microphase separation structure, and tactile sensation, providing a scientific foundation for guiding the selection of TPE‐S in automobile skin and heat oxidative aging resistance ability.
Click Preparing UV‐Curable Polybutadiene Films With Good Thermal and Mechanical Performances by Using Multifunctional Mercaptan as a Cross‐Linking Agent
Authors: Su Xinyong , Wang Jinwei , Tang Can , Wang Jiaao 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTUltraviolet (UV)‐curable maleic anhydride liquid polybutadiene films were prepared by using pentaerythritol tetra(3‐mercaptopropionate) (PETMP) as the crosslinker in 10 s. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra showed that maleic anhydride ring opened rapidly and reacted with sulfhydryl group to form thioester; meanwhile, SH group reacted with a double bond by thiol‐ene reaction, and both reactions resulted in the rapid increase in gel contents. Due to the unique flexible nature of maleic anhydride polybutadiene (MLPB) and the moderate cross‐linking degree provided by PETMP, the addition of PETMP in the range of 20%–25% significantly enhances their overall mechanical properties. The tensile strength of free‐standing MLPB‐PETMP films increased by three times, while its elongation reduced by less than 20%; their adhesion to carbon steel increased by more than three times to 5.0 MPa. Additionally, these films could be folded 180° on aluminum foil without damage and maintained a much lower wear level even after 3000 cycles of abrasion. However, the excessive addition of PETMP caused uneven distribution and aggregation, resulting in internal defects and thus the reduction in mechanical performances. Moreover, their thermal stability in air was also found improved, attributing to the increase in cross‐linking degree and the formation of higher strength SC bond.
Polyaniline/Reduced Graphene Oxide Composite as an Electrode for Symmetric and Asymmetric Supercapacitors
Authors: Burentogtokh Bolormaa , Batsuren Bumaa , Galsan Sevjidsuren , Pagvajav Altantsog 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTPolyaniline‐based composites with reduced graphene oxide (rGO) were synthesized using chemical polymerization. Characterization techniques, including X‐ray diffraction (XRD), ultraviolet–visible (UV–visible) absorption spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and Raman spectroscopy, confirmed that both polyaniline (Pani) and the Pani/rGO composite were in the emeraldine salt state. The synergistic effect of Pani and rGO increases the polaron band and improves the electrical conductivity, which is confirmed by spectroscopic analysis. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that Pani had a granular morphology, whereas the Pani/rGO composite had a layered morphology. This layered morphology indicates that adding rGO can enhance the conductivity and electrochemical activity. The electrochemical studies of the Pani/rGO composite electrode showed a specific capacitance of 261 F g−1 at a current density of 2.4 A g−1. The electrochemical performance of the Pani/rGO composites for energy storage devices was examined via two‐electrode cell assembly. Pani/rGO was utilized as a cathode, whereas various carbon materials (CNFs, MWCNTs, AC) were used as anodes. A maximum energy density of 7.9 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 325 W kg−1 was observed in the Pani/rGO//PMAC asymmetric supercapacitor at a voltage of 1.4 V. The electrochemical performance results show that the Pani/rGO composite is an efficient supercapacitor electrode material.
Application of Finite Pointset Method to Study Two‐Way Coupled Transient Bio‐Thermoelastic Effects in Skin Tissue
Authors: Pal Jyoti , Mariappan Panchatcharam , Sundar S. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTIn this research, we introduce the finite pointset method as an innovative approach for approximating transient linear thermoelasticity in biological tissue, addressing the complex interplay between thermal and elastic effects under three distinct shock conditions. Numerical simulations are performed to solve the coupled thermoelasticity equations, demonstrating the temperature distribution, displacement, and stress profiles within the tissue. The results highlight the influence of shock conditions on the thermal and mechanical responses of the tissue, emphasizing the impact of coupling parameter and perfusion rate. Numerical simulations are applied to several benchmark thermoelasticity problems, providing numerical results that validate the approach. Notably, our findings reveal the cooling effects induced by perfusion under both coupled and uncoupled scenarios and highlight the variability of temperature, displacement and stresses based on the coupling parameter. This work contributes to the field of biomedical engineering by providing insights into tissue behavior under thermal stress and offering potential applications in medical technology and therapeutic interventions. The use of FPM not only enhances the accuracy of modeling thermal and mechanical effects in biological tissues but also paves the way for advancements in medical technology. These findings have the potential to inform the development of new therapeutic strategies, particularly in areas related to laser treatments, thermal therapies, and other medical interventions requiring precise control of temperature and stress within tissues.
mvh: An R tool to assemble and organize virtual herbaria from openly available specimen images
Authors: Vasconcelos Thais , Boyko James D. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractPremiseRecent advances in imaging herbarium specimens have enhanced their use in biodiversity studies. However, user‐friendly tools that facilitate the assembly of customized sets of herbarium specimen images on personal devices are still lacking.Methods and ResultsHere we present the R package mvh (“my virtual herbarium”), which includes functions designed to search and download metadata and openly available images associated with herbarium specimens based on taxon or geography. We tested the functionalities of mvh by searching metadata associated with five sets of 10 vascular plant species and five sets of 10 terrestrial coordinates. The download function had a success rate of 99%, downloading 291 out of the 293 images found in the search. Possible reasons for download failure are discussed.ConclusionsAs long as an internet connection is available, mvh simplifies the assembly and organization of virtual herbaria, thereby facilitating the investigation of novel empirical questions as well as trends in digitization efforts.
Gelatin Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube Composite 3D Printed Semi Biological Mesh for Abdominal Hernia Treatment
Authors: Yadav Pramod , Mukherjee Anwesha , Hind Rajput Jay , Choudhari A. Pratap , Poundarik Atharva , Das Bodhisatwa 
Published: January 2025

AbstractHernia is characterized by the protrusion of organs or tissue through weakened areas in the abdominal cavity wall. A common treatment for hernia involves the implantation of a mesh which promotes the growth of new tissue around or within the implanted material in the damaged area. The mesh is typically made from synthetic materials like polypropylene. However, such meshes have safety concerns like biofilm and scar tissue formation, foreign body reactions, and chronic pain. These concerns gave rise to the development of biological meshes. Owing to mechanical weakness, biological meshes fail due to migration and rapid degradation. This study is aimed to develop a mechanically viable biopolymer‐based composite degradable mesh. A gelatin‐MWCNT composite 3D printed mesh has been developed with different pore sizes and filament sizes. Adding MWCNTs improved the composite‘s ductility, printability, hydrophilicity, and modulus, and reduced its degradation rate. The 3D‐printed mesh also showed signs of cell attachment and proliferation representing non‐toxicity of MWCNTs within the composite materials. The data showed improved cell adherence due to the incorporation of MWCNTs within the composite materials. Among the various material compositions tested, the composite material with gelatin with 0.01 g MWCNTs gave the optimum mechanical strength and biocompatibility results.