bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of fault current contributions from small‐scale single‐phase photovoltaic inverters and their impacts on the protection of electric power distribution systems
Authors: de Almeida Lucas Rodrigues , da Costa Lima Rodrigo Nobis , Macedo Junior José Rubens 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis paper presents an analysis of the fault current contributions of small‐scale single‐phase photovoltaic inverters under grid‐connected operation and their potential impact on the protection of distribution systems. To conduct this analysis, an autotransformer‐based voltage dip generator is proposed as a means to test the photovoltaic inverters' contribution to short‐circuit currents. Laboratory tests are then performed to obtain the short‐circuit current contribution of eight single‐phase photovoltaic inverters. Using the short‐circuit current data obtained, a behaviour model is developed and simulated on Matlab‐Simulink. The model is then applied to a real distribution system and case studies are conducted to simulate the potential impacts on the protection system. Results indicate that while the massive penetration of small‐scale single‐phase photovoltaic inverters can alter the protection system's operating time, the impacts are not significant. Only in very specific scenarios, such as events related to high impedance faults, some impact can be observed. In these situations, the presence of photovoltaic inverters further complicates the already difficult task of identifying high impedance faults through conventional overcurrent protections. This study provides valuable insights into the integration of photovoltaic inverters into distribution systems, and can aid in the development of effective protection measures for future grid designs.
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome Treated by Homoeopathy: An Evidence-Based Case Report
Authors: Nahar Laijun , Shil Ratan Chandra 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrinopathies among reproductive women. Cardinal manifestations of PCOS include hyperandrogenism, oligo/anovulation and/or polycystic ovarian morphology. Affected women often display notable metabolic co-morbidities. Plenty of evidence on PCOS favouring homoeopathy is available in the literature. In this case, also individualised medicine portrayed a favourable response within a short span of time.
Case Summary A case of PCOS with the complaint of irregular, delayed menses, acne on the face and dark pigmentation on the neck for the last 3 years is presented here. The outcome was assessed by using two validated measurement scales. After 4 months of follow-up, the case was markedly improved on the Outcome Related to Impact on Daily Living (ORIDL) scale (+4) as per the patient's perspective. Clinical improvement was correlated with objective evidence from the ultrasonography report. Modified Naranjo criteria for Homeopathy (MONARCH) score recorded at the final visit (+8 on the ‘−6 to 13’ scale) is suggestive of a high likelihood of improvement by homoeopathic intervention.
Conclusion The case report presented here has produced significant evidence of the effect of individualised homoeopathic medicine in the treatment of PCOS within a short time.
Fibroma desmoplásico na tíbia proximal: Relato de caso
Authors: Pujol Oriol , Castellanos Sara , Carrasco María G. , Garzón Alejandro , Romagosa Cleofe , Vélez Roberto 
Published: February 2024

ResumoO fibroma desmoplásico do osso é um tumor fibrogênico muito incomum, benigno, mas localmente agressivo. Este relato descreve o caso de uma paciente de 45 anos com um enorme fibroma desmoplásico na tíbia proximal. Foi realizado com sucesso um procedimento cirúrgico em dois tempos: ressecção ampla e reconstrução endoprotética. Os cirurgiões devem estar cientes da complexidade de seu tratamento nos casos localmente avançados e agressivos. Uma revisão abrangente da literatura também é fornecida.
Atualização no manejo da dor musculoesquelética
Authors: Tsai André Wan Wen , Kobayashi Ricardo , Liu Ibrahim Afrânio Willi , Fim Márcio , Liggieri André Cicone , Machado Edilson Silva 
Published: February 2024

ResumoA dor é a queixa mais comum recebida pelo ortopedista no ambulatório e/ou emergência. Inúmeras publicações relatam o manejo inadequado tanto da dor aguda quanto da dor crônica pelos profissionais da saúde. O objetivo desse artigo de atualização é trazer informações sobre a dor musculoesquelética, sua classificação, avaliação, diagnóstico e abordagem terapêutica multimodal para cada situação. Desta maneira, nas dores agudas seu controle adequado possibilita um trabalho de reabilitação mais precoce, bem como diminui os índices de cronificação da dor. Nas dores crônicas sua abordagem além da diminuição de sua intensidade, visa também melhorar a qualidade de vida. Atualmente alguns procedimentos estão sendo cada vez mais utilizados com auxílio de aparato de imagem com objetivo diagnóstico e terapêutico.
Treatment of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome through Individualised Homoeopathic Medicine: Two Case Reports
Authors: Verma Divya , Kumar Arun 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPolycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common metabolic and reproductive disorders among women of reproductive age. Women suffering from PCOS present with menstrual dysfunction and androgen excess. Two patients aged 16 and 19 years suffering from PCOS were treated successfully with individualised homoeopathic medicine. These two cases of PCOS were treated with marked improvement within 1.5 years by individualised homoeopathic medicine with change in potency and repetition as per requirement. Modified Naranjo Criteria for Homeopathy (MONARCH) was used as a tool for attributing a causal relationship between the homoeopathic intervention and outcome. Visual analogue scale was used as a tool for assessing pain during menses (dysmenorrhoea). The improvement is evident from the regularity of the menstrual cycle, along with the resolution of cysts in ovaries as evidenced by ultrasonography reports which indicate a positive response of homoeopathy in relieving the symptoms as well as pathology associated with PCOS.
Coherent optical response driven by non-equilibrium electron–phonon dynamics in a layered transition-metal dichalcogenide
Authors: Fukuda Takumi , Makino Kotaro , Saito Yuta , Fons Paul , Ando Atsushi , Mori Takuya , Ishikawa Ryo , Ueno Keiji , Afalla Jessica , Hase Muneaki 
Published: February 2024

Layered transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are model systems to explore ultrafast many-body interactions and various nonlinear optical phenomena. For the application of TMD-based optoelectronic devices capable of ultrafast response, it is essential to understand how characteristic electron–hole and electron–phonon couplings modify ultrafast electronic and optical properties under photoexcitation. Here, we investigate the sub-picosecond optical responses of layered semiconductor 2H–MoTe2 in the presence of an electron–hole (e–h) plasma and a long-lived coherent phonon. Transient reflectivity measurements depending on photon energy reveal that the optical response for short-time delays (&lt; 1ps) was significantly modified by band-gap renormalization and state filling due to the presence of the e–h plasma. Furthermore, octave, sum, and difference phonon frequencies transiently appeared for the early time delays (&lt; 2ps). The emergent multiple phonon frequencies can be described as higher-order optical modulations due to deformation-potential electron–phonon coupling under resonant photoexcitation conditions. This work provides comprehensive insights into fundamental physics and the application of non-equilibrium quasiparticle generations on TMDs under time-periodic phonon driving forces.
Estimating the attainable soil organic carbon deficit in the soil fine fraction to inform feasible storage targets and de-risk carbon farming decisions
Authors: Karunaratne Senani , Asanopoulos Christina , Jin Huidong , Baldock Jeff , Searle Ross , Macdonald Ben , Macdonald Lynne M. 
Published: February 2024

Context Defining soil organic carbon (SOC) ‘potential’ storage, underpins the economic feasibility of carbon sequestration; however, ‘potential’ storage is not quantifiable using historical and current empirical data. We propose a framework to define ‘attainable’ SOC storage that varies with soil properties, environmental conditions and management practices. Aims Within the soil fine fraction, we quantified additional storage capacity of the fine fraction SOC attainable deficit (FFSOC_Attainable_Def) by the difference between attainable (FFSOC_Attainable) and actual fine fraction SOC. Methods Using three analyses, we developed a framework to: (1) estimate the FFSOC_Attainable_Def of the fine fraction of Australian agricultural soils within broad mean annual precipitation ranges and soil depth classes; (2) establish rapid prediction capability for the FFSOC_Attainable_Def using infrared/partial least square regression modelling; and (3) generate spatial FFSOC_Attainable_Def estimates for agricultural regions with ensemble Random Forest modelling. Key results Global analyses of FFSOC_Attainable_Def do not consider key environmental drivers of carbon inflows and outflows nor soil depth. Separate analyses of soils derived from different combinations of precipitation and soil depth need to include variations in environmental conditions and soil properties to accurately define FFSOC_Attainable and FFSOC_Attainable_Def within the fine fraction. Spatially estimated FFSOC_Attainable_Def stocks revealed an opportunity to increase current fine fraction SOC stock by 3.47 GT (0–0.10 m depth) and 3.24 GT (0.10–0.30 m depth). Conclusions Our findings suggests that FFSOC_Attainable_Def is dynamic, not static. Caution is needed when interpreting the results from this analysis. Implications Deriving estimates of FFSOC_Attainable_Def will reduce risks in decision making on carbon farming in national policies.
The intricate construction of projection in news reports
Authors: Arús-Hita Jorge 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This paper looks at projection in the discourse of news reports in English and Spanish. The analysis reveals the
extent to which projection pervades these texts, not only at clause complex level – the traditional object of study of
projection – but also below the clause complex, at clause simple and at group level. The discussion of a number of examples from
English and Spanish news reports serves to answer the three research questions guiding this research, which concern (a) the
preferred types of projection in news reports, (b) the preferred realizations of the different types of projection in news
reports, and (c) the main cross-linguistic similarities and contrasts of projection in news reports. The answers to these issues
ultimately contribute to a broader understanding of the concept of projection.
Research on multi-image encryption method based on image scaling and ghost imaging
Authors: Qiu Guoqiao , Zhang Yiqiang , Zhang Leihong 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Optical information processing technology itself is characterized by high speed and parallelism, while the wavelength of light is short and the loading information capacity is large. Therefore, optical encryption is of great significance in the field of image encryption. For multi-image encryption, a multi-image encryption system (ISK-MGI) based on image scaling and ghost imaging is proposed in this paper. In the encryption process, image scaling is used to embed the image information to be encrypted into the artifact image to achieve the first step of artifact encryption; then the ghost imaging encryption is used to encrypt any of the artifact images and the intensity sequence obtained from the barrel detector is used as the cipher text; the integration property of Fourier transform is used to obtain the modulation patterns of other artifact images as the key. The feasibility, security and robustness of the scheme are verified by experiments and simulations. The scheme not only solves the image information crosstalk problem of multi-image encryption, but also has high security. Each image in this method has a primary public key and a secondary private key, which solves the potential risk of sharing public keys and provides a new idea for optical information encryption.
THz transition radiation of electron bunches laser-accelerated in long-scale near-critical-density plasmas
Authors: Gorlova D A , Tsymbalov I N , Tsygvintsev I P , Savelev A B 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Direct laser electron acceleration in near-critical density plasma produces collimated electron beams with high charge Q (up to µC). This regime could be of interest for high-energy THz radiation generation, as many of the mechanisms have a scaling

∝

Q
2

. In this work, we focus specifically on the challenges that arise during numerical investigations of transition radiation in such interactions. Detailed analytical calculations that include both the diffraction and decoherence effects of the characteristics of transition radiation in the THz range were conducted with the input parameters obtained from 3D particle-in-cell and hydrodynamic simulations. The calculated characteristics of THz radiation are in good agreement with the experimentally measured ones. Therefore, this approach can be used both to optimize the properties of THz radiation and to distinguish the transition radiation contribution if several mechanisms of THz radiation generation are considered.
Heat transport in a non-homothermal turbulent particle-laden flow in the collisional regime
Authors: Pour Hamid Reza Zandi , Iovieno Michele 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
In this investigation, we explore the impact of particle collisions on turbulent heat flux within a temporally developing thermal mixing layer arising from the interaction of two homothermal regions driven by a statistically homogeneous and isotropic velocity field. Employing two-way thermally coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian Direct Numerical Simulations (DNSs) at a Taylor microscale Reynolds number up to 124, we examine the influence of particle collisions for a Stokes number from 0.2 to 3, maintaining a fixed thermal to kinetic relaxation times ratio of 4.43. Our study quantifies the reduction in average heat transport induced by particle-to-particle collisions, which disrupt the temperature-velocity correlation created by the initial temperature difference. Notably, while collisions diminish this correlation, our analysis reveals their overall impact remains minor, even at the highest simulated Stokes number. Additionally, we present statistics of the temperature difference among colliding particles across various flow conditions.
Topology optimization of a pseudo 3D microchannel heat sink: influence of the initial guess
Authors: Bianco N , Fragnito A , Iasiello M , Mauro GM 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Nowadays, the optimization of microchannel heat sinks involves using algorithms, e.g., topology optimization (TO), to find the optimal layout of fluid channels to enhance certain objectives, e.g., heat transfer, pressure drop. The outcome is an unintuitive material distribution in the design space, subject to constraints such as manufacturability, fluid flow requirements, and thermal performance. This approach has been shown to provide significant benefits compared to traditional design methods, leading to increased cooling performance. However, depending on the application, defining an initial (i.e., starting) guess for the optimization problem is not trivial. Initial guess for TO, i.e., starting design for the optimization process, can play a crucial role in determining the final optimized design. Its choice may affect the convergence rate, the performance of the final solution, and the computational effort, as it can be set in a variety of ways, e.g., a random distribution, a preconceived design, or a combination of these two. In this study, we propose a heuristic approach for incorporating a genetic algorithm (GA) as outer algorithm into the TO routine in order to find the initial guess that ensures the lowest thermal resistance while limiting the pumping power. The aim is to correlate initial designs with final objectives and to define new useful insights on microchannel optimization, since TO has proved to be a promising area of research for the development of advanced thermal management systems.
CFD design of a novel device for temperature profile measurement in Waste-to-Energy plants
Authors: Grossi G. , Arpino F. , Canale C. , Cortellessa G. , Ficco G. , Lombardi T. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Monitoring the flue gas temperature is a crucial issue for Waste-to-Energy (WtE) plants companies, since it is essential to preserve the materials in the post-combustion chamber, the energy efficiency of the plants as well as to control the emissions of pollutants. As of today, the temperature of flue gases in such plants is commonly monitored by means of thermocouples, infrared pyrometers or aspirated thermocouples. However, all these instruments show limitations in terms of accuracy and reliability inside post-combustion chambers. In this paper, the authors present the thermo-fluid dynamics design of a novel device aimed at mitigating the issues of existing technologies, realised by using the modern CFD techniques. Numerical analyses, performed with the open-source OpenFOAM code, allowed to find a suitable shape for the device and to give a first estimate of the measuring errors, which are of the order of 2% (∼26 K at the typical working temperature of WtE plants’ post-combustion chambers).
Numerical simulation of shear driven film instability over heterogeneous surfaces via enhanced lubrication theory
Authors: Suzzi Nicola , Croce Giulio 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The prediction of the transition between continuous film, ensemble of rivulets and moving droplets is crucial in applications such as in-flight icing on airfoil wings or a number of chemical reactors. Here, lubrication theory is used to numerically investigate the stability of a continuous liquid film, driven by shear, over a heterogeneous surface. The disjoining pressure is used to model surface wettability, while the full implementation of the film curvature allows to investigate contact angles up to 60°. Different heterogeneous surface configurations occurring in real problems are investigated. An extended computational campaign records the transition from continuous film to rivulet regime and, if present, the further transition from rivulet to droplets at different flow conditions. A moving grid approach allows for accurate prediction of instability phenomena at low computational cost. The numerical results are successfully validated with experimental evidence in case of critical flow rate leading to a stable dry patch and compared with literature results involving the inherently multiscale in-flight icing phenomenon, providing useful statistical information, required to transfer the present detailed small-scale information into larger scale CFD computational approaches.
Microscale damper prototype: A preliminary study on suppressing air flow oscillations within microchannels
Authors: Fichera A , Pagano A , Volpe R 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This research introduces a novel micro-damper designed to mitigate pressure and velocity oscillations from a piezoelectric micropump in microfluidic environments. Unlike existing research focusing on damping in incompressible liquid flows with methods like elastic films and PDMS membranes, this study proposes a novel micro-damper prototype. Integrated into a microdevice for particle granulometric separation and detection, the damper connects to a piezoelectric micropump outlet and to a focusing microchannel inlet, followed by a capacitive sensor for size-based particle counting. Preliminary analysis determined an optimal airflow velocity at w = 0.5 m/s for accurate focusing and counting under laminar conditions. The micro-damper, constrained by the piezoelectric pump’s geometry, features a 27 µm high and 1000 µm wide cross section. Its outlet supports two potential focusing microchannel inlet configurations of 30 µm or 40 µm. Distinctively, it incorporates two symmetrical backward micro-channels connecting to the atmosphere, allowing direct piezometric contact between the main flow and an infinite compliant volume. OpenFOAM simulations confirm the damper’s effectiveness in maintaining laminar outlet flow and suppressing micropump disturbances. Thus, the proposed micro-damper ensures optimal inlet conditions for subsequent microchannel processes, enabling stable particle separation and detection in controlled airflow samples.
Thermal-hydraulic study of the EU-DEMO Helium Cooled Pebble Bed Breeding Blanket Primary Heat Transport System
Authors: Vallone E , Agnello G , Bongiovì G , Castrovinci F M , D’Amico S , Di Maio P A , Moscato I , Quartararo A 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The European DEMO reactor will work under normal operating conditions in accordance with a pulsed duty cycle. However unplanned and planned transients of plasma overpower may occur compromising the integrity of its plasma-facing components structures. Consequently, adopting appropriate tools is essential to accurately and consistently model the thermal-hydraulic response of the involved cooling systems under both normal operating conditions and accidental events. Given this background, the University of Palermo, in collaboration with EUROfusion, started a research work to study the thermal-hydraulic behaviour of the Primary Heat Transport System (PHTS) of the Helium Cooled Pebble Bed Breeding Blanket (HCPB BB) of the DEMO device under steady-state and transient conditions. The activity has been performed adopting a computational approach, employing the thermal-hydraulic system code TRACE version 5.0 patch 6. The key point of the work has been the code-to-code benchmark with the outcomes previously obtained with the RELAP5-3D code, to estimate the impact of the physical models, numerical resolution schemes and modelling techniques adopted on the predictive capabilities of the system codes considered. The models and the analysis results are presented and critically discussed herein.
Thermal performance of clay bricks with different fillings: a CFD analysis
Authors: Merli F , Susta S , Buratti C 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The thermal conductivity of 15 loadbearing and infill bricks was calculated through a Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) analysis. Clay bricks filled with air, expanded polystyrene EPS, and graphitized expanded polystyrene were selected from the catalogue of the manufacturer F.B.M. - Fornaci Briziarelli Marsciano. The company provided the geometric features of each block and the thermal characteristics of the clay mix and the filling. The thermal conductivity value of each air cavity was calculated in compliance with UNI EN ISO 6946. Each volume was discretized in triangular meshes. The equivalent thermal conductivity of each block was calculated starting from the simulation of the isotherms trend inside the sample and from the heat flux passing through it. The obtained results were discussed depending on the filling, the geometry, and the hole percentage. In general, thermal conductivity increases with hole percentage in the bricks with air. Similar geometries have similar thermal behaviour. EPS or graphitized EPS involve better thermal performance as the hole percentage increases. Finally, the influence of the different orientations of the blocks was investigated. Equivalent thermal conductivity values increase for horizontally-brick placed, especially in homogeneous and compact geometries.