bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Time‐accurate solution of stabilized convection–diffusion–reaction equations: I—time and space discretization
Authors: Huerta Antonio , Donea Jean 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe paper addresses the development of time‐accurate methods for solving transient convection–diffusion–reaction problems using finite elements. Multi‐stage time‐stepping schemes of high accuracy are used. They are first combined with a Galerkin formulation to briefly recall the time–space discretization. Then spatial stabilization techniques are combined with high‐order time‐stepping schemes. Moreover, a least‐squares formulation is also developed for these high‐order time schemes combined with C0 finite elements (in spite of the diffusion operator and without reducing the strong form into a system of first‐order differential equations). The weak forms induced by the SUPG, GLS, SGS and least‐squares formulations are presented and compared. In a companion paper (Part II of this work), the phase and damping properties of the developed schemes are analysed and numerical examples are included to confirm the effectiveness of the proposed methodology for solving time‐dependent convection–diffusion–reaction problems. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A note on the CVBEM for the two‐dimensional Helmholtz equation or its modified form
Authors: Ang Whye‐Teong 
Published: October 2002

AbstractA complex variable boundary element method is outlined for the numerical solution of the two‐dimensional Helmholtz equation or its modified form in a simply connected region subject to suitable boundary conditions. It is applied to solve a specific test problem. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Color identification data obtained from photopic to mesopic illuminance levels
Authors: Ishida Taiichiro 
Published: October 2002

AbstractTo use colors properly as an aid in visual tasks, it is necessary to know how colors are identified under various illuminating environments. In this study color identification was examined under a wide range of illuminances, from photopic to mesopic levels. Fifteen subjects named a color chip using one of the preselected color terms: red, orange, yellow, yellow‐green, green, blue‐green, blue, purple, pink, brown, white, gray, and black. The 256 color chips were selected from value planes of 4, 6, and 8 of the Munsell color space. The illuminance levels tested were 1000, 10, 1, and 0.1 lx. At 1000 lx the color chips were identified consistently by each of the color terms. At 10 lx the pattern of color identification was very similar to that at 1000 lx, though the consistency of the identification evidently declined. At 1 lx great changes in color identification occurred. By 0.1 lx reliable color identification was completely lost, though blue and red responses remained. At the lower illuminances green was replaced with blue, and red, orange, and pink were frequently confused with each other. However, the border between blue and purple was almost constant. These results provide a scientific basis for the appropriate use of colors in various illuminating environments. Also, they are useful for studies in color appearance modeling. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 27, 252–259, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/col.10065
Nonlinear data analysis of experimental (EEG) data and comparison with theoretical (ANN) data
Authors: Das Atin , Das Pritha , Roy A. B. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractIn this article, nonlinear dynamical tools such as largest Lyapunov exponents (LE), fractal dimension, correlation dimension, pointwise correlation dimension will be used to analyze electroencephalogram (EEG) data obtained from healthy young subjects with eyes open and eyes closed condition with the view to compare brain complexity under this two condition. Results of similar calculations from some earlier works will be produced for comparison with present results. Also, a brief report on difference of opinion among coworkers regarding such tools will be reported; particularly applicability of LE will be reviewed. The issue of nonlinearity will be addressed by using surrogate data technique. We have extracted another data set that represented chaotic state of the system considered in our earlier work of mathematical modeling of artificial neural network. We further attempt to compare results to find nature of chaos arising from such theoretical models. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cognitions and their origins in women with anorexia nervosa, normal dieters and female controls
Authors: Turner Hannah , Cooper Myra 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe objective of the study was to develop a semi‐structured interview with which to investigate cognitions and their origins in female patients with anorexia nervosa, normal female dieters and female non‐dieting controls and to explore group differences in cognitions and, where appropriate, the role of early experience in their development. Following piloting, all participants completed the semi‐structured interview and five self‐report questionnaires to assess reliability and validity of the interview. When discussing eating‐related concerns clinical participants reported more eating‐related thoughts than non‐clinical participants. These differences were also evident, although to a slightly lesser extent, when discussing concerns about weight and shape. Clinical participants reported more assumptions relating to eating, and weight and shape as a means to acceptance by self and others, and to control over‐eating than non‐clinical participants. A similar pattern of group difference was reported in degree of belief and associated distress. Clinical participants identified more negative self‐beliefs than non‐clinical participants. A similar pattern of group difference was reported in degree of rational and emotional belief, and associated distress. All clinical participants identified an association between negative early experiences and negative self‐beliefs, and all reported a link between negative self‐beliefs and dieting. There are clear differences in cognitive characteristics between women with anorexia nervosa, normal dieters and non‐dieting female controls. The meaning attached to dieting may also distinguish dieters from those with a clinical eating disorder. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Personality style, psychological adaptation and expectations of trainee clinical psychologists
Authors: Brooks Jeni , Holttum Sue , Lavender Anthony 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe literature suggests that personality affects how individuals experience stress, cope, utilize social support and psychologically adapt. This study examined the personality style, psychological adaptation and expectations of 364 UK trainee clinical psychologists. Personality traits characterizing the sample were: enhancing, modifying, extraversing, outgoing, and agreeing. Mean overall personality adjustment was significantly better than the normal population. The sample scored significantly poorer on self‐esteem, anxiety and depression, but well outside the defined range for poor adaptation. A small percentage (8%, n = 31) had ‘poor’ personality adjustment scores, scored worse on indicators of psychological adaptation and reported greater shortfall of course aspects compared with expectations. However, 41% scored as having a significant problem on one or more of: anxiety, depression, low self‐esteem and work adjustment. About one‐third had a probable substance use problem. In regression analyses, poor personality adjustment, and different areas of expectation‐shortfall, especially impact of training on life variously predicted anxiety, depression, and poor work adjustment. Satisfaction with social support was not predictive of adaptation after personality adjustment was accounted for. Implications for clinical psychology training include the need for enhanced expectation‐management through pre‐course marketing, and better attention to trainees' personal and professional development throughout training. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Monitoring tumour cells in the peripheral blood of small cell lung cancer patients
Authors: Kularatne B.Y. , Lorigan P. , Browne S. , Suvarna S.K. , Smith M.O. , Lawry J. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDFlow cytometry was used to enumerate tumour cells in longitudinal studies of peripheral blood from small cell lung cancer (SCLC) patients, together with magnetic bead selection to isolate and identify these cells. As part of a trial, 11 patients received either standard (four weekly) chemotherapy with ifosfamide, carboplatin, and etoposide (ICE) or accelerated (two weekly) ICE with filgrastim (granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor [G‐CSF]) and autologous stem cell support. Methods: Fresh venous blood was taken throughout treatment and follow‐up. Aliquots were stained with a “tumour‐specific” antibody against epithelial tissue (Ber EP4), verified as a good marker of SCLC cells by immunohistochemistry. Matched samples labelled with Ber EP4 were separated magnetically by adding a secondary bead‐antibody conjugate for confirmation of tumour cell identity. Results: Circulating tumour cells were detected and monitored throughout treatment periods. An initial rise in circulating cells after the first cycle was followed by a fall in both treatment arms to baseline levels set by normal controls. This was achieved by week 12 in the accelerated treatment arm and by week 24 in the standard arm. Conclusions: Flow cytometry and magnetic bead isolation can be used to identify changes in numbers of circulating tumour cells in patients undergoing chemotherapy for SCLC and thereafter during follow‐up periods. Absence of tumour cells may indicate a more favourable patient group who would benefit from a more intense course of treatment. Cytometry (Clin. Cytometry) 50:160–167, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Price‐coupled scheduling for differentiated services: Gcµversus GPS
Authors: Van Mieghem Jan A. , Van Mieghem Piet 
Published: October 2002

AbstractWe present an integrated approach to pricing and scheduling for services that are differentiated in terms of throughput, delay and loss specifications. The key building block to the model are quality value curves that specify a user's value of higher quality levels. From the analysis emerges a pricing rule that charges based on rate and quality grade, and a dynamic scheduling rule, called the Gcµrule. The analysis also derives the economically optimal probabilistic quality of service (QoS) guarantee parameters.We compare our model to the deterministic approach of QoS guarantees using burstiness constraints and fair scheduling rules. The scheduling that arises from such a deterministic approach is the well‐known Generalized Processor Sharing (GPS). A comparative analysis inspires the fair Gcµ‐PS rule as the scheduling rule that combines the unique strengths of GPS and Gcµ. This Gcµ‐PS rule is proposed as a tailored scheduling solution forboththe expedited forwarding class and the four assured forwarding classes in the IETF's differentiated services. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An innovative channel management strategy for highly reliable handoff in cellular networks
Authors: Hong Seung S. , Chung Tai M. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractIn this paper, we have resolved the problem of forced call termination that occurs when mobile traffic is concentrated on a hot‐spot cell in cellular networks. Enhanced Channel Management Scheme (ECMS) is an innovative way to increase the flexibility of channel usage over non‐uniform traffic distribution. ECMS exploits mobile hosts initiated or active in overlapping areas between cells. The scheme consists of three phases to monitor the status of channels on each base station and to make a channel reservation using the availability list maintained for the candidate‐MH selection. When the traffic load in a cell is intolerably high, ECMS invokes the load‐balancing procedure to distribute its traffic to adjacent cells. The reserved channels are used to support the safe and fast handoff. From the simulation, we observed that ECMS outperformed other compatible channel assignment schemes such as directed handoff schemes in blocking probability and channel utilization. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Diagnostic intraocular aspiration cytology of choroidal melanoma
Authors: Kashyap Seema , Sen Seema , Sharma M.C. , Sethi Anita 
Published: October 2002

AbstractFine‐needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) was performed on an intraocular mass in a 32‐yr‐old Indian woman and a cytologic diagnosis of malignant melanoma was made, supported by immunocytochemistry. The cytologic features included spindle‐shaped tumour cells with minimal pleomorphism and the presence of nuclear grooves. No intracellular pigment was identified; however, positivity for HMB‐45 allowed a rapid and reliable diagnosis. The utility of FNAC in an atypical presentation of choroidal melanoma is discussed. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2002;26:389–391. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Rare atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS): A clinically significant diagnosis?
Authors: Hoerl H. Daniel , Roth‐Cline Michelle D. , Shalkham John E. , Pfister John , Stewart Jimmie , Guo Ziwen , De Las Casas Luis E. , Caya James G. , Kurtycz Daniel F.I. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractTo determine the clinical significance of rare atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS) in cervical screening, we studied 748 ASCUS cases prospectively noted to have rare abnormal cells. Comparing the rare ASCUS (RASC) group (defined as five or fewer abnormal cells) statistically to cases diagnosed as within normal limits (WNL), ASCUS unqualified as to number of cells low‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LGSIL), and high‐grade SIL (HGSIL), we found that the probability of the RASC patients having an abnormal cytology (ASCUS/SIL) or biopsy (dysplasia) result within 1 yr was greater than that of the WNL group, but less than that for ASCUS unqualified, LGSIL, or HGSIL. When only ThinPrep® specimens or cases with subsequent definitive SIL/dysplasia were considered, the RASC group was not significantly different from the WNL group. We conclude that RASC increases the risk of a subsequent abnormal cytology/biopsy result in conventional smears, but only when the threshold for abnormality is a subsequent ASCUS. It did not predict dysplasia (SIL/CIN) in those conventional samples. RASC did not have the power to predict any subsequent abnormality and did not appear to be clinically significant in ThinPrep® samples. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2002;27:5–9. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Nonneoplastic findings in loop electrical excision procedure specimens from patients with persistent atypical squamous cells of uncertain significance in two consecutive pap smears
Authors: Pinto Álvaro P. , Tuon Felipe F.B. , Tizzot Edson L.A. , Bleggi Torres Luiz Fernando , Collaço Luiz Martins 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe present study aimed to determine the histopathological correspondence of the diagnosis of atypical squamous cells of uncertain significance (ASCUS) in the absence of squamous intraepithelial neoplasia (SIL) in loop electrical excision procedure (LEEP) products. Retrospective histopathological analysis of 70 LEEP products preceded by ASCUS was consistently detected by two consecutive Pap smears. The presence or absence of several histopathological findings in cases with (23/70) and without (47/70) histological diagnosis of SIL were compared. Immature squamous metaplasia, severe cervicitis, and tube‐endometrial metaplasia were found with similar frequency on positive and negative neoplastic disease specimens. Reactive squamous atypia, keratosis, atrophy, glandular reactive/inflammatory atypia, tunnel clusters, and microglandular hyperplasia were less frequently found in LEEP specimens presenting with SIL. Reactive squamous atypia and keratosis were consistently associated with SIL absence and appear to be responsible for the cytological diagnosis of ASCUS (P < 0.05). Diagn. Cytopathol. 2002;27:123–127. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Multiple loss of heterozygosity without K‐ras mutation identified by molecular analysis on fine‐needle aspiration cytology specimen of acinar cell carcinoma of pancreas
Authors: Ohori N. Paul , Khalid Asif , Etemad Babak , Finkelstein Sydney D. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractFine‐needle aspiration diagnosis of pancreatic acinar cell carcinoma (PAC) is challenging. Typically, the cytologic findings in PAC are described as a cellular population of loosely cohesive clusters and single neoplastic cells. The individual cells have granular cytoplasm, uniform nuclei, a fine chromatin pattern, and occasional prominent nucleoli. These features are suggestive of PAC but not diagnostic. We illustrate a case in which the combination of cytopathologic findings, clinical information, and molecular analysis enabled us to arrive at the diagnosis of PAC. Although the cytomorphologic features alone were not specific, the presence of a markedly elevated serum lipase level, cutaneous lesions of fat necrosis, and loss of heterozygosity at 1p, 5q25 at the APC locus, 9p21 at the p16 locus, and 17p13 at the p53 locus were essential in excluding the main differential diagnostic entities including pancreatic ductal carcinoma, pancreatic endocrine tumor, and pancreatoblastoma. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2002;27:42–46. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Targeted replacement of rodent CCR2 with the human orthologue CCR2B: A mouse model for in vivo analysis of human target‐selective small molecule MCP‐1 receptor antagonists
Authors: Prosser Haydn M. , Cooper David G. , Forbes Ian T. , Geppert Martin , Gribble Andrew D. , Grau Evelyn V. , Groot Pieter H. , Harper Alex J. , Moores Kitty E. , Pickering Susan J. , Piercy Valerie 
Published: October 2002

AbstractRodent models for testing the efficacy of lead compounds are often invalidated by species selectivity of the compounds. The advent of mouse embryonic stem cell technology has allowed the development of genetically engineered mouse strains that incorporate a specific human gene in place of the orthologous mouse gene, a so‐called knock‐in mouse. This study describes the generation and validation of a mutant mouse line that expresses human CCR2B as a functional substitute for murine CCR2. The human CCR2B knock‐in mice are viable and appear normal. In vitro assays indicate that the CCR2B knock‐in is functionally expressed, giving a macrophage chemotactic profile in response to JE or MCP‐1 that is similar to human peripheral blood monocytes rather than that of a murine macrophage cell line. In addition, the human selective CCR2B antagonist, SB‐399721, was a more potent inhibitor of CCR2B knock‐in macrophages in response to hMCP‐1 than JE. The ability of the human CCR2B gene to functionally substitute for the mouse orthologue in vivo is demonstrated by a normal inflammatory response to intraperitoneal thioglycollate injection. Drug Dev. Res. 55:197–209, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Regulation of muscle malonyl‐CoA levels in the nutritionally insulin‐resistant desert gerbil, Psammomys obesus†
Authors: Shafrir Eleazar , Ziv Ehud , Saha Asish K. , Ruderman Neil B. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBackgroundMalonyl‐CoA, an allosteric inhibitor of carnitine palmitoyl transferase, controls the oxidation of fatty acids in muscle and other tissues by regulating their entrance into mitochondria. The level of malonyl‐CoA in muscle is influenced by the uptake of energy substrates such as glucose, the precursor of its synthesis. The desert gerbil, Psammomys obesus, develops a severe insulin resistance with hyperinsulinemia and hyperglycemia when transferred from its native nutrition to a relative high‐energy (HE) rodent chow. In keeping with this it shows a low rate of glucose transport and a failure of insulin to suppress hepatic glucose production during a hyperinsulinemic‐euglycemic clamp.MethodsThe concentration of malonyl‐CoA has been determined by radio‐enzymatic assay together with the levels of citrate and malate in the gastrocnemius muscle of diabetes‐prone (DP) and diabetes‐resistant (DR) P. obesus during the administration of exogenous insulin, during an hyperinsulinemic‐euglycemic clamp and following a 48‐h fast.ResultsMuscle GLUT4 protein was reduced by 44% in DP Psammomys on a HE diet, compared with normoglycemic‐normoinsulinemic animals on a low‐energy (LE) diet. Muscle levels of malonyl‐CoA, its precursor citrate and the citrate counter‐ion malate were not elevated in DP Psammomys on the HE diet despite the hyperinsulinemia. Likewise, the administration of external insulin in subcutaneous (sc) implants to DP Psammomys did not evoke hypoglycemia, decrease glucose production or increase the concentration of malonyl‐CoA and citrate in muscle, as it did in both albino rats and a selected line of DR Psammomys. In contrast, fasting significantly reduced muscle malonyl‐CoA and citrate levels in the DP and DR Psammomys and promoted the fat oxidative pathway.ConclusionSince non‐diabetic Psammomys on a LE diet already show insulin resistance in the fed state, the sustained low malonyl‐CoA levels in these animals imply a readiness for the oxidation of fatty acids. In a desert gerbil, adjusted to a food‐scarce environment, such a continuing utilization of fatty acids as energy substrate by muscle would preserve the available glucose for glucose‐dependent tissues and would diminish the need for gluconeogenesis. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Olanzapine in the treatment of anorexia nervosa: An open label trial
Authors: Powers Pauline S. , Santana Carlos A. , Bannon Yvonne S. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractObjectiveThe primary goal of the study was to determine if olanzapine is effective in producing weight gain in patients with anorexia nervosa.MethodTwenty patients with anorexia nervosa (restricting or binge/purge subtype) without schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, or bipolar disorder enrolled in an open label study of olanzapine 10 mg. Patients attended weekly drug monitoring sessions and weekly group medication adherence sessions that provided psychoeducation.ResultsEighteen patients received the drug and 14 patients completed the 10‐week study. The four drop‐outs had gained a mean of 3.25 lb at their last visit. Of the 14 patients who completed the study, 10 gained an average of 8.75 lb and 3 of these patients attained their ideal body weight. The remaining four patients who completed the study lost a mean of 2.25 lb.DiscussionThese findings are promising with clinically significant weight gain in an outpatient setting during a brief 10‐week period. © 2002 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 32: 146–154, 2002.
Performance and configuration of M‐CMA (Modified Constant Modulus Algorithm) adaptive array using polyphase filters
Authors: Denno Satoshi , Ohira Takashi 
Published: October 2002

AbstractAs a way to realize an adaptive array of small size, low cost, and low power consumption, there exists a configuration method combining analog signal processing and digital signal processing. M‐CMA has been proposed as a control algorithm for such an approach. However, when this approach is applied to an actual communication system, there arises the problem that the narrow‐band filter in the receiver prevents M‐CMA from converging to the desired solution. In this paper, in order to effectively operate an M‐CMA adaptive array in the presence of a narrow‐band filter, a configuration is proposed in which polyphase filters are used as narrow‐band filters. Its superior interference suppression capability is confirmed by a theoretical analysis and computer simulation. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 85(12): 53–64, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecja.10021