bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lack of microbiological awareness on the ward as a key factor for inappropriate use of anti-infectives: results of a point prevalence study and user satisfaction survey in a large university hospital in Austria
Authors: Kern Jan Marco , Berger Karoline , Lechner Arno Michael , Porsche Ulrike , Wallner Markus , Past Eva Maria 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Although diagnostic stewardship issues in clinical microbiology harbor an optimization potential for anti-infective consumption, they are only marginally addressed in antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) programs. As part of an AMS point prevalence (PPS) survey we therefore aimed to gain a more dynamic view on the microbiological awareness within therapeutic regimens. By examining whether initial microbiological sampling was performed and in which way microbiological results were incorporated into further treatment considerations we sought to find out to what extent these points determine the appropriateness of treatment regimens.

Methods
PPS was performed at the University Hospital Salzburg (1524 beds) in May 2021. Relevant data was determined from the patient charts and the appropriateness of anti-infective use was assessed using predefined quality indicators. Six months after the PPS, a questionnaire was administered to clinicians to obtain information on the use of microbiological findings and their relevance in the clinic.

Results
Lack of microbiological awareness in the clinical setting proved to be the key reason for an overall inadequate use of anti-infectives (35.4% of cases rated as inadequate), ahead of the aspects of dose (24.1%), empirical therapy (20.3%) and treatment duration (20.2%). This was particularly the case for broad-acting agents and was most evident in urinary tract infections, skin and soft tissue infections, and pneumonia. The results of the questionnaire indicate a discrepancy between the physicians surveyed and the routine clinical setting.

Conclusion
A high potential in improving the use of anti-infectives in hospitals seems to lie in a strong emphasis on microbiological diagnostic stewardship measures.
The Epistemological Asymmetry of Framing “Woman” via US Women's Rights Pioneers
Authors: Bickell Lauren 
Published: December 2023

AbstractNineteenth-century US social activist contemporaries Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Susan B. Anthony, and Sojourner Truth are memorialized as women's rights pioneers. White activists Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony cemented a generational canon. Black activist Sojourner Truth anticipated the eventual crystallization of intersectionality. These figures’ historical proximity underscores the high epistemological and political stakes of claiming gendered categories, namely via “woman” as a mark of aggrievement. I link concepts of intersectionality, epistemic agency, epistemic resources, and social movement framing to examine how “woman” is asymmetrically categorized. To this end, I perform a textual analysis of memorialized documents: “Declaration of Sentiments” (1848) by Elizabeth Cady Stanton, “Declaration of Rights of the Women of the United States” (1876) by Susan B. Anthony, and “Ain't I a Woman?” (1851) by Sojourner Truth. Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony frame “woman” as a single-axis and vertical category, ultimately deferring to the seeming preeminence of the US nation-state. By contrast, Sojourner Truth frames “woman” as a multi-axis and horizontal category by synthesizing her feminist consciousness, lived experience of enslavement, and personal religiosity. This article revisits key memorialized events by utilizing a conceptual toolkit that interlaces feminist and social epistemology with social movement theory.
Healthcare-based food assistance programmes in the United States: a scoping review and typology
Authors: Rudel Rebecca K. , Byhoff Elena , Strombotne Kiersten L. , Drainoni Mari-Lynn , Greece Jacey A. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This scoping review aimed to identify the breadth of healthcare-based food assistance programmes in the United States and organize them into a typology of programmes to provide implementation guidance to aspiring food assistance programmers in healthcare settings. We searched PubMed, Cochrane, and CINAHL databases for peer-reviewed articles published between 1 January 2010 and 31 December 2021, and mined reference lists. We used content analysis to extract programmatic details from each intervention and to qualitatively analyse intervention components to develop a typology for healthcare institutions in the United States. Eligible articles included descriptions of patient populations served and programmatic details. Articles were not required to include formal evaluations for inclusion in this scoping review. Our search resulted in 8706 abstracts, which yielded forty-three articles from thirty-five interventions. We identified three distinct programme types: direct food provision, referral, and voucher programmes. Programme type was influenced by programme goals, logistical considerations, such as staffing, food storage or refrigeration space, and existence of willing partner CBOs. Food provision programmes (n 13) were frequently permanent and leveraged partnerships with community-based organisations (CBOs) that provide food. Referral programmes (n 8) connected patients to CBOs for federal or local food assistance enrollment. Voucher programmes (n 14) prioritised provision of fruits and vegetables (n 10) and relied on a variety of clinic staff to refer patients to months-long programmes. Healthcare-based implementers can use this typology to design and maintain programmes that align with the needs of their sites and patient populations.
Total and segmental phase angle in a cohort of hospitalised patients with COVID-19: mortality prediction and changes throughout hospitalisation
Authors: Estrada-Moya Fernando , González-Garay Alejandro G. , Flores-López Adriana , Serralde-Zúñiga Aurora E. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBody composition and phase angle (PhA) have been used to predict mortality in multiple diseases. However, little has been studied regarding segmental measurements, which could potentially help assess subtle changes in specific tissue segments. This study aimed to identify the total PhA cut-off point associated with mortality risk and changes in body composition within a week of hospitalisation in non-critical hospitalised patients with COVID-19. A cohort study was conducted where patients underwent to a complete nutritional assessment upon admission and after seven days, and followed up until hospital discharge or death. A receiver operating characteristic curve was constructed to determine the PhA cut-off point, and the Kaplan–Meier estimator was used to determine survival analysis. Segmental and complete body compositions on admission and after 7 d were compared. We included 110 patients (60 men) with a mean age of 50·5 ± 15·0 years and a median BMI of 28·5 (IQR, 25·6–33·5) kg/m2. The median length of hospital stay was 6 (IQR, 4–9) d, and the mortality rate was 13·6 %. The PhA cut-off point obtained was 4°, with significant differences in the survival rate (P < 0·001) and mortality (HR = 5·81, 95 % CI: 1·80, 18·67, P = 0·003). Segmental and whole-body compositions were negatively affected within one week of hospitalisation, with changes in the approach by the graphical method in both sexes. Nutritional status deteriorates within a week of hospitalisation. PhA < 4° is strongly associated with increased mortality in non-critical hospitalised patients with COVID-19.
Systems approaches to public service delivery: methods and frameworks
Authors: Mansoor Zahra , Williams Martin J. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractResearchers and practitioners are increasingly embracing systems approaches to deal with the complexity of public service delivery and policy evaluation. However, there is little agreement on what exactly constitutes a systems approach, conceptually or methodologically. We review and critically synthesize systems literature from the fields of health, education, and infrastructure. We argue that the common theoretical core of systems approaches is the idea that multi-dimensional complementarities between a policy and other aspects of the policy context are the first-order problem of policy design and evaluation. We distinguish between macro-systems approaches, which focus on the collective coherence of a set of policies or institutions, and micro-systems approaches, which focus on how a single policy interacts with the context in which it operates. We develop a typology of micro-systems approaches and discuss their relationship to standard impact evaluation methods as well as to work in external validity, implementation science, and complexity theory.
Geninka and Slavery: Jesuit Casuistry and Tokugawa Legislation on Japanese Bondage (1590s–1620s)
Authors: Ehalt Rômulo 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBased on Japanese and Portuguese sources, this paper aims at recovering local categories of bondage in order to identify mechanisms by which people were subjected to bonded labour in early modern Japan. The analysis focuses on crossing local forms of bondage, here referred to as genin, and the processes of subjecting individuals to this condition, the so-called called geninka, with the European notion of slavery and enslavement. Local forms of subjection to bondage are drawn from the analysis of early seventeenth-century Tokugawa legislation dedicated to the suppression of human trafficking networks. These documents use a number of labels such as genin, hōkōnin, wakatō, chūgen, hikan, and komono, all references to people subjected to various forms of bondage. At the same time, a crucial debate among members of the Society of Jesus in India offers the opportunity to scrutinise the application of the historical and legal European concept of slavery and enslavement to Japan, a region beyond the secular authority of colonial empires. Ultimately, slavery reveals itself as one of the many categories used by early modern actors to interpret and regulate labour arrangements in the budding Christian communities created by missionaries in the Iberian world.
FBi-RRT: a path planning algorithm for manipulators with heuristic node expansion
Authors: Xiao Guangzhou , Zhang Lixian , Wu Tong , Han Yuejiang , Ding Yihang , Han Chengzhe 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis paper is concerned with the problem of collision-free path planning for manipulators in multi-obstacle scenarios. Aiming at overcoming the deficiencies of existing algorithms in excessive time consumption and poor expansion quality, a path planning algorithm named Fast Bi-directional Rapidly-exploring Random Tree (FBi-RRT) with novel heuristic node expansion is proposed, which includes a selective-expansion strategy and a vertical-exploration strategy. The selective-expansion strategy is designed to guide the selection of the nearest-neighbor node to avoid the repeated expansion failure, thereby shortening the overall planning time. Also, the vertical-exploration strategy is developed to regulate the expansion direction of the collision nodes to escape from the obstacle space with less blindness, thus improving the expansion quality and further reducing time cost. Compared with previous planning algorithms, FBi-RRT can generate a feasible path for manipulators in a drastically shorter time. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed heuristic node expansion, FBi-RRT is conducted on a 6-DOF manipulator and tested in five scenarios. The experimental results demonstrate that FBi-RRT outperforms the existing methods in time consumption and expansion quality.
Ultrastructural study:in vitroandin vivodifferentiation of mice spermatogonial stem cells
Authors: Bashiri Zahra , Movahedin Mansoureh , Pirhajati Vahid , Asgari Hamidreza , Koruji Morteza 
Published: December 2023

SummaryMouse testicular tissue is composed of seminiferous tubules and interstitial tissue. Mammalian spermatogenesis is divided into three stages: spermatocytogenesis (mitotic divisions) in which spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) turn into spermatocytes, followed by two consecutive meiotic divisions in which spermatocytes form spermatids. Spermatids differentiate into spermatozoa during spermiogenesis. Various factors affect the process of spermatogenesis and the organization of cells in the testis. Any disorder in different stages of spermatogenesis will have negative effects on male fertility. The aim of the current study was to compare thein vitroandin vivospermatogenesis processes before and after transplantation to azoospermic mice using ultrastructural techniques. In this study, mice were irradiated with single doses of 14 Gy60Co radiation. SSCs isolated from neonatal mice were culturedin vitrofor 1 week and were injected into the seminiferous tubule recipient’s mice. Testicular cells of neonatal mice were cultured in the four groups on extracellular matrix-based 3D printing scaffolds. The transplanted testes (8 weeks after transplantation) and cultured testicular cellsin vitro(after 3 weeks) were then processed for transmission electron microscopy studies. Our study’s findings revealed that the morphology and ultrastructure of testicular cells after transplantation andin vitroculture are similar to those ofin vivospermatogenesis, indicating that spermatogenic cell nature is unalteredin vitro.
Influence of improved antenatal detection on the outcomes of complete atrioventricular block diagnosed in fetal-neonatal life and childhood periods – a single-centre experience in South Wales for 55 years
Authors: Duman Derya , Tunca Sahin Gulhan , Stuart Graham , Walsh Mark , Caputo Massimo , Parry Andrew , Beattie Bryan , Conner Christine , Uzun Orhan 
Published: December 2023

AbstractObjective:This study aimed to analyse the influence of improved antenatal detection on the course, contemporary outcomes, and mortality risk factors of the complete atrioventricular block during fetal-neonatal and childhood periods in South Wales.Methods:The clinical characteristics and outcomes of complete atrioventricular block in patients without structural heart disease at the University Hospital of Wales from January 1966 to April 2021 were studied. Patients were divided into two groups according to their age at diagnosis: I-fetal-neonatal and II-childhood. Contemporary outcomes during the post-2001 era were compared with historical data preceding fetal service development and hence earlier detection.Results:There were 64 patients: 26 were identified in the fetal-neonatal period and the remaining 38 in the childhood period. Maternal antibodies/systemic lupus erythematosus disease (anti-Ro/Sjögren’s-syndrome-related Antigen A and/or anti-La/Sjögren’s-syndrome-related Antigen B) were present in 15 (57.7%) of the fetal-neonatal. Fetal/neonatal and early diagnosis increased after 2001 with an incidence of 1:25000 pregnancies. Pacemaker implantation was required in 34 patients, of whom 13 were diagnosed in the fetal-neonatal group. Survival rates in cases identified before 2001 were at 96.3% (26/27), whereas it was 83.8% (31/37) in patients diagnosed after 2001 (P > 0.05). Other mortality risk factors comprised a lower gestational week at birth, maternal antibodies, and an average ventricular heart rate of < 55 bpm.Conclusions:Fetal diagnosis of complete atrioventricular block is still portends high fetal and neonatal mortality and morbidity despite significantly improved antenatal detection after 2001. Pacemaker intervention is needed earlier in the fetal-neonatal group. Whether routine antenatal medical treatment might alter this outcome calls for further prospective multicentre studies.
Farm productivity and social sustainability in formalized value chain governance: the case of the potato industry in Pakistan
Authors: Rasool Azhar , Badar Hammad , Blare Trent D , Ghafoor Abdul , Mushtaq Khalid 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Farm productivity and social sustainability are essential to realizing agro-based value chains’ full potential. This paper aims to empirically conduct an analysis of the impact of formal value chain governance practices on farm productivity and social sustainability in Pakistan's potato industry. A multi-stage sampling method was employed from 10 villages to examine growers’ motivations to adopt the contract and its effect on their income and farm employment. The main findings of this study stipulate that buyers’ technical assistance and provision of quality inputs are the growers’ primary motives for contracting, non-contracted farms earned 40% less than contracted farms from each unit invested, contracted farms employed more labor with better wages, and welfare arrangements than the non-contracting farms. The study concluded that formal value chain governance practices significantly affect farm productivity and social sustainability and can spur growth in the agricultural sector in developing countries. The results reveal that any governmental initiative aiming to support formal value chain governance should consider the role that intermediaries play in the value chain and accordingly minimize their risks and food losses and improve social outcomes.
Observational Uncertainty for Global Drought‐Pluvial Volatility
Authors: Li Yichan , Cheng Linyin , Miao Chiyuan , Liu Zhiyong 
Published: December 2023

AbstractDroughts and pluvials have occurred in most regions in the past. However, what calls growing attention is the additive effects of these two opposite extreme events occurring in spatial‐temporal proximity to one another, sometimes beyond either of the hazards individually. This study examines the likelihood of global drought‐pluvial volatility which involves both meteorological drought‐to‐pluvial (DTP) and pluvial‐to‐meteorological drought transitions; meanwhile, identifies discrepancies and agreements among the widely used observations for such events, an aspect that remains currently overlooked. Globally, we find that the observation‐based data sets including Global Precipitation Climatology Center (GPCC), Climate Research Unit (CRU) and ERA5 reach a good agreement in estimating the event transition rates, with an average 15.46% (15.49%) of all meteorological droughts (pluvials) being succeeded by pluvials (meteorological droughts) in the following season. At the regional scale, our results reveal that the spatial variability and frequency associated with meteorological DTP transitions are slightly larger than that with pluvial‐to‐ meteorological drought transitions, but the observational uncertainty is more pronounced in the latter case as a result of greater uncertainty in the univariate drought depiction and enhanced regional divergence among the observed data. In general, GPCC and CRU exhibit higher consistency, albeit with less agreement under pluvial‐to‐ meteorological drought transitions, while ERA5 yields underestimations and reduced spatial variability considering both transition scenarios. The study highlights a need of using multiple independent observation‐based data sets for compound/multivariate extreme analysis, particularly in the context of climate‐related decision‐making, water resources planning, and future model validation studies.
Hydration State and Rheologic Stratification of the Lithospheric Mantle Beneath the North Anatolian Fault, Turkey
Authors: Lusk A. D. , Chatzaras V. , Aldanmaz E. , Tikoff B. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWe present constraints on the hydration state and rheology of the lithospheric mantle beneath the North Anatolian fault zone (NAFZ). Peridotite xenoliths from the Biyikali and Çorlu volcanic centers record deformational microstructures consistent with shearing in a lithosphere‐scale transcurrent fault system. Analysis by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy indicates that nominally anhydrous phases retain some OH−, but bulk rock concentrations are generally restricted to <50 ppm H2O by weight. From the rock microstructure, we determined differential stress magnitude and active deformation mechanism(s); combined with estimates of hydration state, we constrained the rheology. Recrystallized grain size piezometry shows that the mantle beneath the NAFZ sustained differential stresses of 10–20 MPa, largely independent of depth. The dominant deformation mechanism(s) change with depth; xenoliths extracted from shallower depths record evidence for grain size‐sensitive creep possibly in the presence of melt. At intermediate depths, both dislocation creep and grain size‐sensitive mechanisms were active, and we did not observe evidence for deformation in the presence of melt. The deepest samples were dominated by dislocation creep. The strong temperature sensitivity of creep mechanisms, combined with the low variability in differential stress, contributes to a stratified viscosity profile ranging from 1018 Pa s for the deepest samples to >1022 Pa s at shallower depths (assuming a melt‐free rheology). Although difficult to quantify from the rock record, melt likely reduced the viscosity of the shallow lithospheric mantle. Vertical stratification in viscosity beneath the NAFZ, the result of melt‐present deformation and/or transitions in the dominant deformation mechanism, has important consequences for the seismic cycle of strike‐slip fault systems.
Are Plant Functional Types Fit for Purpose?
Authors: Cranko Page Jon , Abramowitz Gab , De Kauwe Martin. G. , Pitman Andy J. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractFor over 40 years, Plant Functional Types (PFTs) have been used to discretize the ∼400,000 species of terrestrial plants into “similar” classes. Within Earth System Models (ESMs), PFTs simplify terrestrial biosphere modeling in combination with soil information and other site characteristics. However, in flux analysis studies, PFT schemes are often implemented as the sole analytical lens to clarify complex behavior. This usage assumes that PFTs adequately enable a mapping between climate inputs and flux outputs. Here, we show that random forest models, trained using aggregated climate and flux measurements from 245 eddy‐covariance sites, cannot accurately predict PFT groupings, regardless of the nature of the PFT scheme. Similarly, PFTs provide negligible benefit when using site climate to predict site flux regimes and vice versa. While use of PFT classifications is convenient, our results suggest they do not aid analytical skill, which has important implications for future terrestrial flux studies.
Rapid Sea Level Rise in the Tropical Southwest Indian Ocean in the Recent Two Decades
Authors: Huang Lei , Zhuang Wei , Lu Wenfang , Zhang Yang , Edwing Deanna , Yan Xiao‐Hai 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIt has been reported that the sea level falls in the tropical Southwest Indian Ocean (SWIO) from the 1960s to the early 2000s. However, a rising trend of 4.05 ± 0.56 cm/decade has occurred during the recent two decades with our analysis showing that manometric sea level contributes 41% to this sea level rise. 30% of this rise is due to steric sea level (SSL) change in the upper 2,000 m with SSL rise in the upper 300 m of secondary importance. Conversely, thermal expansion below the thermocline (300–2,000 m), likely caused by water mass spread from the Southern Ocean, induces major contribution to SSL changes. Compared to existing studies demonstrating the contribution of thermal variations above the thermocline to sea level variability in the tropical SWIO, this study emphasizes the importance of ocean mass and deeper ocean changes in a warming climate.