bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of disulfiram on the genotoxic potential of acetaldehyde in mouse spermatogonial cells
Authors: Madrigal‐Bujaidar E. , Velazquez‐Guadarrama N. , Morales‐Ramirez P. , Mendiola M.T. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe initial purpose of the study was to determine the potential of acetaldehyde (Ace) to increase the rate of sister‐chromatid exchanges (SCEs) in mouse spermatogonia. We tested four doses of Ace (from 0.4 to 400.0 mg/kg), including a negative and a positive control group (distilled water and cyclophosphamide, respectively). The results showed that all tested doses were SCE inducers. The highest tested dose increased the control level more than three times. Also, the cumulative frequencies of SCEs per cell were higher in the Ace‐treated animals than in the control cells. Ace is transformed into acetate through the enzyme aldehyde dehydrogenase, a process that may be blocked by disulfiram (Dis) generating the accumulation of Ace. The second purpose of the study was to determine if the administration of Dis (150 mg/kg) could increase the SCE rate produced by non‐genotoxic doses of Ace. (0.004 and 0.04 mg/kg). The animals treated with the two doses of Ace alone showed no increase in the frequency of SCEs; also, Dis by itself was not an SCE inducer. However, the groups of animals previously treated with Dis showed an increase of 31 and 60% with respect to the values obtained with the two doses of Ace alone. Furthermore, the cumulative frequencies of SCEs per cell were higher in the animals administered with both compounds together than in those treated with them separately. These results suggest the need to extend this type of study to other models. Teratogenesis Carcinog. Mutagen. 22:83–91, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effects of endocrine disrupting chemicals on the microtubule network in Chinese hamster V79 cells in culture and in Sertoli cells in rats
Authors: Nakagomi M. , Suzuki E. , Usumi K. , Saitoh Y. , Yoshimura S. , Nagao T. , Ono H. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe effects of ten endocrine disrupting chemicals, i.e., bisphenol A (BPA), p‐nonylphenol (NP), p‐octylphenol (OP), p‐pentylphenol (PP), butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP), dicyclohexyl phthalate (DCHP), di‐n‐butyl phthalate (DBP), tetrabutyltin (TBT), tri‐n‐butyltin chloride (TBC), and di‐n‐butyltin dichloride (DBD), as well as 17β‐estradiol (E2) as a positive control on the microtubule network in Chinese hamster V79 cells in culture were examined by the indirect immunofluorescence method using anti‐β‐tubulin antibody. In the whole‐animal system, the effects of BPA, NP, OP, BBP, DBD, and E2 as well as vinblastine sulfate (VB) as a positive control on microtubules in the cytoplasm of Sertoli cells in rats were examined by electron microscopy.In Chinese hamster V79 cells, TBC and DBD showed higher microtubule‐disruptive activity than E2, while other chemicals had less activity than E2. The ranking for efficiency on microtubule disruption was (TBC ≒ DBD) > (E2 = TBT) > (BPA = alkylphenols, NP and OP) >> (phthalate esters, BBP, DHP, and DBP). In rats as a whole‐animal system, no disrupting effects on the microtubule network in the cytoplasm of Sertoli cells were observed under any environmental chemicals tested, whereas exposure to VB resulted in marked disruption of the microtubule network. The results of this study suggested that some endocrine disrupting chemicals have disrupting effects on the microtubule network in vitro, but no such effects in vivo. Teratogenesis Carcinog. Mutagen. 21:453–462, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Development of a free β‐galactosidase in vitro test for the assessment of heavy metal toxicity
Authors: Apartin Carina , Ronco Alicia 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe effect of heavy metals and organic compounds on the activity of the enzyme β‐galactosidase in a standardized bioassay has been evaluated, considering future applications in environmental monitoring. The tests were done using a commercial extract of a hydrolase from the eukaryote yeast Kluyveromyces lactis and o‐nitrophenyl‐β‐D‐galactopyranoside (ONPG) as substrate. The enzyme was exposed to Cr(VI), Cd(II), Cu(II), Ni(II), Pb(II), Hg(II), phenol, sodium dodecyl sulfate, methanol and pentachlorophenol for 5, 15, 30, and 60 min. According to the results, a 15 min exposure time was considered optimum for the performance of the assay. Results of tests with metals showed IC50 values ranging between 9.25mg/L for Cd(II) and 0.015mg/L for Hg(II), with an order of sensitivity of: Cd(II)<Ni(II)<Cr(VI)=Pb(II)<Cu(II)<Hg(II). Sensitivity to organic compounds ranged from 200 to 4000 mg/L, showing a higher specificity to heavy metals. The present in vitro free enzyme test showed a similar behavior to other tests based on β‐galactosidase such as the MetPlate™. Furthermore, when compared to data from the literature on acute toxicity assays currently used in environmental assessment, test results show good agreement regarding the sensitivity to metals. After standardization, the proposed test could be used as a rapid and low‐cost assay when evaluating biological effects of heavy metals in monitoring programs. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Environ Toxicol 16: 117–120, 2001
Evaluating the impact of wind induced roughness change and tidal range on extrapolation of offshore vertical wind speed profiles
Authors: Barthelmie R. J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWind energy resource estimation frequently requires extrapolation of wind speeds from typical measurement heights to turbine hub‐heights. However, this extrapolation is uncertain, and this uncertainty is exacerbated in the offshore environment by the effect of the dynamic surface (i.e. surface roughness and height respond to wind speed or vary over time). This paper examines the impact of roughness variations and small tidal ranges on mean predicted wind speeds in near‐neutral conditions. Roughness variations offshore are in the range 0.002 and 0.00002 m. This range of roughnesses gives a difference in predicted wind speed extrapolated from 10 to 50 m of less than 8%. For a more typical range of 0.0005 tp 0.00005 m, the difference will be smaller (∼3%). With a tidal range of 4 m the difference in mean wind speed extrapolated from 10 to 50 m height is about 1%. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Regulation of the expression of endopolygalacturonase gene PGU1 in Saccharomyces
Authors: Gognies S. , Simon G. , Belarbi A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractPrevious work in our laboratory has shown that Saccharomyces bayanus strain SCPP is the only reported yeast expressing the three types of pectolytic enzymes: pectin esterases, pectin lyases and polygalacturonases. One of these enzymes, the endopolygalacturonase (endoPG), hydrolyses plant‐specific polysaccharide pectin. The endoPG encoding gene (PGU1) is also present in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. It has been shown that this endoPG is required for the development of pseudohyphae. Using genomic DNA, the PGU1‐1 and PGU1‐2 promoters of these strains have been amplified and used to construct gene fusions with the β‐galactosidase gene. On the basis of β‐galactosidase measurements, we compared the expression of both promoters in different environmental conditions in order to identify their modulation. We have shown that the PGU1 gene is upregulated by the presence of the pectin and the product resulting from endopolygalacturonase activity. Moreover, expression of the PGU1 is also enhanced under respiratory and filament formation conditions. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Parallel and comparative analysis of the proteome and transcriptome of sorbic acid‐stressed Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: de Nobel Hans , Lawrie Laura , Brul Stanley , Klis Frans , Davis Mark , Alloush Habib , Coote Peter 
Published: August 2002

AbstractExposure of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to 0.9 mM sorbic acid at pH 4.5 resulted in the upregulation of 10 proteins; Hsp42, Atp2, Hsp26, Ssa1 or Ssa2, Ssb1 or Ssb2, Ssc1, Ssa4, Ach1, Zwf1 and Tdh1; and the downregulation of three proteins; Ade16, Adh3 and Eno2. In parallel, of 6144 ORFs, 94 (1.53%) showed greater than a 1.4‐fold increase in transcript level after exposure to sorbic acid and five of these were increased greater than two‐fold; MFA1, AGA2, HSP26, SIP18 and YDR533C. Similarly, of 6144 ORFs, 72 (1.17%) showed greater than a 1.4‐fold decrease in transcript level and only one of these, PCK1, was decreased greater than two‐fold Functional categories of genes that were induced by sorbic acid stress included cell stress (particularly oxidative stress), transposon function, mating response and energy generation. We found that proteomic analysis yielded distinct information from transcript analysis. Only the upregulation of Hsp26 was detected by both methods. Subsequently, we demonstrated that a deletion mutant of Hsp26 was sensitive to sorbic acid. Thus, the induction of Hsp26, which occurs during adaptation to sorbic acid, confers resistance to the inhibitory effects of this compound. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Tree Identify Protocol of IEEE 1394 in μCRL
Authors: Shankland Carron , van der Zwaag Mark 
Published: August 2002

Abstract.
We specify the tree identify protocol of the IEEE 1394 high performance serial multimedia bus at three different levels of detail using μCRL. We use the cones and foci verification technique of Groote and Springintveld to show that the descriptions are equivalent under branching bisimulation, thereby demonstrating that the protocol behaves as expected.
Generalised folds for nested datatypes
Authors: Bird Richard , Paterson Ross 
Published: August 2002

Abstract.
Nested datatypes generalise regular datatypes in much the same way that context-free languages generalise regular ones. Although the categorical semantics of nested types turns out to be similar to the regular case, the fold functions are more limited because they can only describe natural transformations. Practical considerations therefore dictate the introduction of a generalised fold function in which this limitation can be overcome. In the paper we show how to construct generalised folds systematically for each nested datatype, and show that they possess a uniqueness property analogous to that of ordinary folds. As a consequence, generalised folds satisfy fusion properties similar to those developed for regular datatypes. Such properties form the core of an effective calculational theory of inductive datatypes.
Sentinel Node Concept in Gastric Carcinoma
Authors: Ichikura Takashi , Morita Daisaku , Uchida Takefumi , Okura Eiji , Majima Takashi , Ogawa Toshiya , Mochizuki Hidetaka 
Published: August 2002

To assess the applicability of thesentinel node concept to gastric carcinoma. The location of metastaticlymph nodes was analyzed retrospectively in 119 patients with gastriccarcinoma in whom metastasis was limited to one or two nodes.Intraoperative lymphatic mapping was attempted in 62 patients usingindocyanine green injected endoscopically into the gastric submucosaadjacent to the tumor. Metastatic lymph nodes were distributed beyondthe perigastric area in 4% of patients with a single node involved.The positive node was located along the greater curvature in 21% ofthe patients with a tumor on the lesser curvature. Two patients had ametastatic node totally occupied by cancer tissue. In 16% of patientswith two nodes involved, a positive node was located on both the lesserand greater curvatures. Lymphatic mapping was successful in allsubjects. A larger number and wider distribution of green‐stained nodeswere observed in patients injected with 8 ml of indocyanine greensolution than in those injected with 4 ml. No metastasis was observedin any nodes in 47 (96%) of the 49 patients who had no metastasis ingreen nodes. In one patient showing metastasis in non‐green nodeswithout metastasis in green nodes, the positive nodes were totallyoccupied by cancer tissue. Our results showed the complexity oflymphatic streams within and from the stomach. Lymphatic mapping usingindocyanine green can be a tool for identifying sentinel nodes ingastric carcinoma although lymph nodes occupied by cancer tissue maynot be detected by this technique.
Surgical Management of Early Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Nivatvongs Santhat 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAn early colorectal carcinoma is TNM stage T1NxMx. Most early carcinomas of the colon and rectum can be treated by adequate local excision, such as colonoscopic polypectomy and per‐anal excision. If there are adverse risk factors, especially poorly differentiated carcinoma, lymphovascular invasion, or incomplete excision, a radical resection is indicated if there is no contraindication. In the case of a low rectal carcinoma, adjuvant chemoradiation should be considered. Recently a new classification has been developed: sm1 is invasion to the upper one‐third of the submucosa, sm2 is invasion to the middle one‐third, and sm3 is invasion to the lower one‐third. Lesions of sm1 and sm2 have a low risk of local recurrence and lymph node metastasis; local excision is adequate. The sm3 lesions and sm2 flat and depressed types have a high risk of local recurrence and lymph node metastasis; further treatment is indicated.
Thyroid Cancer in Children of Ukraine after the Chernobyl Accident
Authors: Rybakov Stanislav J. , Komissarenko Igor V. , Tronko Nicolay D. , Kvachenyuk Andrey N. , Bogdanova Tatyana I. , Kovalenko Andrey E. , Bolgov Michail Y. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe results of treatment of 330 children (< 14 years) and adolescents (15–18 years) with thyroid cancer who were operated on at the Institute of Endocrinology after the Chernobyl accident in 1986 were analyzed. The number of young patients increased after 1986 (1981–1985, 9 cases; 1986–1990, 37 cases; 1991–1995, 177 cases; 1996–1998, 116 cases). Most of these children and adolescents were younger than 8 years at the time of the accident (84.2%). More than half of the children (58.1%) lived in areas receiving the highest radiation exposure. These thyroid cancers developed after a short latent period, were more aggressive at presentation, and expressed regional (57.3%) or distant (14.5%) metastasis. Solid papillary cancers were present in 93.1%. Coexisting thyroid conditions were common (thyroid hyperplasia, 25.1%; nodular goiter, 18.8%; chronic thyroiditis, 10.2%). Most patients were treated by total thyroidectomy with intraoperative visualization of recurrent laryngeal nerves and parathyroid glands. When lymph node metastases were identified, a modified neck dissection was performed. Such operations were done in 277 (84.1%) patients. Postoperatively, the patients were treated with radioiodine and thyroid‐stimulating hormone suppressive therapy. Postoperative complications included recurrent nerve palsy in 12.3% and permanent hypoparathyroidism in 6%. Operations for local recurrence of cancer were performed in 2.8% cases and for regional metastasis in 4%. The general mortality was 1.8%. We anticipate that there will be more patients with thyroid cancer during the next few years. Therefore this high risk population for thyroid cancer must be carefully monitored and evaluated during the next several decades.
Importance of the Duodenal Passage and Pouch Volume after Total Gastrectomy and Reconstruction with the Ulm Pouch: Prospective Randomized Clinical Study
Authors: Schwarz Andreas , Büchler Markus , Usinger Kerstin , Rieger Harald , Glasbrenner Bernd , Friess Helmut , Kunz Reiner , Beger Hans Günther 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe objective of this randomized study was to examine which reconstruction method and which pouch volume offer the best preconditions for a good quality of life and extensive physiologic regulation of gastrointestinal hormones after total gastrectomy. Up to now there is no general agreement with regard to the ideal reconstruction after total gastrectomy. The importance of the duodenal passage, the need for a pouch reconstruction, and the ideal pouch volume are matters of controversy. A total of 60 patients underwent the following reconstructions: Ulm pouch (pouch reconstruction with preservation of the duodenal passage), Hunt‐Lawrence‐Rodino pouch, or Roux‐en‐Y reconstruction without pouch. The clinical course, quality of life, and regulation of gastrointestinal hormones in correlation to reconstruction type and pouch volume were documented. Quality of life was assessed by means of a standardized specific questionnaire. Blood glucose, insulin, cholecystokinin, motilin, secretin, and pancreatic polypeptide were measured after stimulation by a standardized test meal. Six months after total gastrectomy those patients with an Ulm pouch were found to have a significantly better life quality (p< 0.01), higher body weight, and better physiologic regulation of gastrointestinal hormones; moreover, they developed (in contrast to all other reconstruction types) no pathologic glucose tolerance. Our conclusion is that all patients with a postoperative life expectancy of at least 6 months (i.e., tumor stages UICC I and II) should undergo pouch reconstruction with preservation of the duodenal passage.
Metastatic Endocrine Tumors: Medical Treatment, Surgical Resection, or Liver Transplantation
Authors: Dousset Bertrand , Saint‐Marc Olivier , Pitre Jol , Soubrane Olivier , Houssin Didier , Chapuis Yves 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe reviewed our experience with 34 patients with metastatic endocrine tumors (METs) who were treated by different modalities. Eight patients were treated by chemotherapy or chemoembolization because of stable disease or surgical contraindications. Seventeen patients underwent curative or cytoreductive surgical resection. Nine patients received grafts based on the following criteria: no extrahepatic spread on imaging workup and nonresectable symptomatic metastatic disease. Of the eight medically treated patients, the five patients with initial stable clinical condition are alive 32 to 56 months after referral. Of the 17 patients treated by liver resection, 13 are alive 6 to 108 months after surgery, and 7 are disease‐free. After curative resection, the 5‐year actuarial survival and disease‐free survival rates were 62% and 52%, respectively. Of the nine grafted patients, three patients grafted for carcinoid tumor are alive at 15, 24, and 62 months, one of whom has a late recurrence. Our results indicate that therapeutic indications for METs should be based on age, clinical symptoms, histologic type, and tumor extension: Patients with stable MET may benefit from surgical restraint; liver resection in patients with aggressive MET may provide good long‐term palliation and possibly cure one‐third of the patients; liver transplantation should be restricted to young patients with nonresectable carcinoid MET but remains a high‐risk operation because of previous surgery and chemoembolization.
Jet‐cutting Supported by High Frequency Current: New Technique for Hepatic Surgery
Authors: Rau Horst G. , Buttler Eckart R. , Baretton Gustav , Schardey Hans M. , Schildberg Friedrich W. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractTo reduce blood loss incurred during liver resection, techniques that separate vessels from liver parenchyma, such as the CUSA or the jet‐cutter, are in clinical use. By conducting high frequency current through the jet beam using hypertonic NaCl cutting solution, we developed a new method enabling simultaneous coagulation during selective cutting. In this study we examined the effects of this method on liver resection in a rabbit model. With the three techniques—jet‐cutting, CUSA, and high frequency‐supported jet‐cutting (HF‐jet)—we performed liver resection of the ventral lobe in six animals per group. We compared velocity of resection, blood loss, tissue trauma, selectivity (number of isolated vessels per area), electrolytes, and vital signs. Histopathology was carried out with the resectate and after 7 days with the remaining liver. Velocity of resection procedure and selectivity were significantly reduced in the HF‐jet group. Histopathology showed coagulated vessels and a deeper zone of necrosis. Accordingly, the liver enzymes transiently showed distinctly higher values in the HF‐jet group. Electrolyte disturbances or differences of vital signs could not be detected. Transferring our results to patient care we expect that with major resections the hilus clamping time, blood loss, and number of blood transfusions can be reduced. In our opinion the additional application of high frequency through the jet beam is a helpful improvement of the jet‐cutter.
Ultrasound‐Guided Aspiration Biopsy for Detection of Nonpalpable Axillary Node Metastases in Breast Cancer Patients: New Diagnostic Method
Authors: Bonnema Jorien , van Geel Albert N. , van Ooijen Bart , Mali Sybrand P.M. , Tjiam Swanny L. , Henzen‐Logmans Sonja C. , Schmitz Paul I.M. , Wiggers Theo 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis study was designed to evaluate the accuracy of ultrasonography alone and in combination with fine‐needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) for detection of axillary metastases of nonpalpable lymph nodes in breast cancer patients. Ultrasonography was carried out in 150 axillas of 148 patients (mean age 57 years, range 30–80 years); and in 93 axillas lymph nodes were detected. Nodes were described according to their dimension and echo patterns and were compared with histopathologic results. FNAB was carried out in 81 axillas (122 nodes). The sensitivity of ultrasonography was highest (87%) when size (length >5 mm) was used as criterion for malignancy, but the specificity was rather low (56%). When nodes with a malignant pattern (echo‐poor or inhomogeneous) were visualized, specificity was 95%. Ultrasound‐guided FNAB had a sensitivity of 80% and a specificity of 100% and detected metastases in 63% of node‐positive patients. It is concluded that FNAB is an easy, reliable, inexpensive method for identifying patients with positive nodes. In the case of negative findings, other diagnostic procedures to exclude lymph node metastases, such as sentinel node mapping, could be performed.
Mortality after Esophagectomy: Risk Factor Analysis
Authors: Ferguson Mark K. , Martin Terri R. , Reeder Laurie B. , Olak Jemi 
Published: August 2002

AbstractEsophageal resection is associated with a high incidence of operative mortality, suggesting the need for predictors of operative risk. A retrospective analysis was performed for esophagectomy patients using univariate and multivariate analyses; relative risks (RR) were calculated. Of the 269 patients, 35 (13%)
died. The optimal model for the preoperative prediction of risk of mortality was defined by age (
p= 0.001; RR =
2.6) and performance status (p= 0.04; RR = 1.9). Delimiting the data pool using a calculated risk of 0.2 accurately identified outcomes in 79% of patients and predicted 41% of deaths. The optimal model for the overall prediction of risk of mortality was defined by age (p= 0.001; RR = 3.9), intraoperative blood loss (p < 0.001; RR = 1.7), pulmonary complications (p= 0.002; RR = 6.6), and the need for inotropic support (p= 0.003; RR
= 10.2). The individual risk of mortality after esophagectomy can be predicted preoperatively with a model based on patient age and performance status. The findings underscore the importance of preoperative evaluation of cardiopulmonary function, meticulous operative technique, and aggressive respiratory care in the management of the esophagectomy patient.