bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A prospective cohort study to identify clinical diagnostic and prognostic markers of primary immune thrombocytopenia in dogs
Authors: Brooks Marjory B. , Goggs Robert , Frye Amelia H. , Armato Jessica , Forman Marnin , Hertl Julia , Koch Michael , Loftus John P. , Lucy John , Mattison Brandi , Merriam Julia , Shropshire Sarah , Van Vertloo Laura , Viall Austin , LeVine Dana N. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundPrimary immune thrombocytopenia (pITP) in dogs presents a diagnostic challenge, and clinical markers of severity are lacking.ObjectivesIdentify clinicopathologic features that differentiate pITP from secondary ITP (sITP) and markers related to bleeding severity, transfusion, and survival of dogs with pITP.AnimalsNinety‐eight thrombocytopenic dogs (58 pITP and 40 sITP).MethodsClient‐owned dogs with platelet counts <50 000/μL were enrolled in a prospective, multi‐institution cohort study. History and treatment information, through a maximum of 7 days, was recorded on standard data forms. Bleeding severity was scored daily using a bleeding assessment tool (DOGiBAT). At‐admission blood samples were collected for CBC, biochemistry, C‐reactive protein concentration, and coagulation panels, and to measure platelet surface‐associated immunoglobulin G (PSAIg) and expression of platelet membrane proteins and phospholipids. Dogs with evidence of coincident disease were classified as sITP.ResultsNo definitive pITP diagnostic test was found. However, pITP cases were characterized by lower platelet counts, D dimer concentrations, and platelet membrane protein expression than sITP cases. Differentiation between pITP and sITP was further enhanced using logistic regression modeling combining patient sex, coagulation profile, platelet count, D dimer, and PSAIg. A second model of pITP severity indicated that low hematocrit and high BUN concentration were associated with non‐survival. Low hematocrit at admission, but not platelet count or DOGiBAT score, was associated with transfusion.Conclusions and Clinical ImportancePending validation studies, models constructed from at‐admission clinicopathologic findings may improve differentiation of pITP from sITP and identify the most severe pITP cases at the time of presentation.
Measurement of 8‐hydroxy‐2′‐deoxyguanosine in serum and cerebrospinal fluid of horses with neuroaxonal degeneration and other causes of proprioceptive ataxia
Authors: Palmisano Megan , Kulp Jeaneen , Bender Susan , Stefanovski Darko , Robinson Mary , Johnson Amy 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundEight‐hydroxy‐2′‐deoxyguanosine (8‐OHdG), a biomarker of oxidative damage evaluated in human neurodegenerative disease, has potential to correlate with postmortem diagnosis of neuroaxonal dystrophy/degenerative myeloencephalopathy (NAD/DM) in horses.HypothesisWe hypothesized that 8‐OHdG will be higher in CSF and serum from NAD/DM horses compared with horses with other neurologic diseases (CVSM, EPM) and a control group of neurologically normal horses. We also hypothesized that 8‐OHdG will be higher in CSF compared with serum from NAD/DM horses.AnimalsFifty client‐owned horses with postmortem diagnoses: 20 NAD/DM, 10 CVSM, 10 EPM, and 10 control horses. Serum and CSF samples were obtained between November 2010 and March 2022.MethodsCase‐control study using biobanked samples was performed and commercial competitive ELISA kit (Highly Sensitive 8‐OHdG Check ELISA) utilized. Concentration of 8‐OHdG was quantitated in both CSF and serum and compared between groups.ResultsNo correlation was established between the measures of 8‐OHdG in serum and CSF and group. CSF median [8‐OHdG] for NAD/DM was 169.9 pg/mL (IQR25‐75: 67.18‐210.6), CVSM 157.1 pg/mL (IQR25‐75: 132.1‐229.1), EPM 131.4 pg/mL (IQR25‐75: 102.1‐193.2), and control 149.8 pg/mL (IQR25‐75: 113.3‐196.4). Serum median [8‐OHdG] for NAD/DM was 130 pg/mL (IQR25‐75: 51.73‐157.2), CVSM 125.8 pg/mL (IQR25‐75: 62.8‐170.8), EPM 120.6 pg/mL (IQR25‐75: 87.23‐229.7), and control 157.6 pg/mL (IQR25‐75: 97.15‐245.6). Poisson regression analysis showed no difference established once confounding variables were considered.ConclusionsEight‐OHdG did not aid in antemortem diagnosis of NAD/DM in this cohort of horses. At the time of diagnosis horses with NAD/DM do not have ongoing oxidative stress.
Development of a requirement for exogenous insulin treatment in dogs with hyperglycemia
Authors: DiNinni Angielee , Hess Rebecka S. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundIt has been suggested that overt diabetes mellitus in dogs be defined based on a persistent fasting blood glucose concentration (BGC) >144 mg/dL.ObjectiveDetermine the number of dogs with randomly identified hyperglycemia without insulin‐treated diabetes mellitus (ITDM) that later develop a need for exogenous insulin treatment.AnimalsA total of 1318 dogs examined at a university teaching hospital without ITDM and with randomly identified hyperglycemia.MethodsRetrospective longitudinal study. Hyperglycemia was defined as randomly identified BGC above >112 mg/dL, moderate hyperglycemia as BGC >144 mg/dL but <200 mg/dL and pronounced hyperglycemia as BGC ≥200 mg/dL. Dogs were defined as having ITDM if they were treated with insulin. Follow‐up was attempted 7 to 12 years after hyperglycemia was documented to determine if over time dogs developed a need for exogenous insulin treatment.ResultsTwenty‐nine of 824 dogs (3.5%) with hyperglycemia and follow‐up information developed ITDM, including 3/824 dogs (0.4%) with moderate hyperglycemia, and 2/824 dogs (0.2%) with pronounced hyperglycemia. Most dogs with hyperglycemia that developed ITDM (24/29, 83%) had BGC ≤144 mg/dL. Among dogs that eventually developed a need for exogenous insulin treatment, no association was found between the degree of hyperglycemia and the time interval between documentation of hyperglycemia and diagnosis of ITDM. Logistic regression determined that BGC is not significantly associated with ITDM.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceMost dogs with randomly identified hyperglycemia did not develop a need for exogenous insulin treatment. Other criteria could be required to augment the definition of overt DM in non‐insulin treated dogs.
Clinicopathological findings, treatment, and outcome in 60 cats with gastrointestinal eosinophilic sclerosing fibroplasia
Authors: Černá Petra , Lopez‐Jimenez Cristobal , Fukushima Kenjiro , Nakashima Ko , Nakagawa Taisuke , Adam Fiona , Groth Anna , Denning Andrew , Israeliantz Nicolas , Gunn‐Moore Danièlle A. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundGastrointestinal eosinophilic sclerosing fibroplasia (GESF) in cats presents as mass(es) associated with the gastrointestinal tract, mesentery, and abdominal lymph nodes.Hypothesis/ObjectivesTo report the clinicopathological findings, treatment, and outcome of cats with GESF.AnimalsSixty client‐owned cats diagnosed with GESF.MethodsRetrospective review of medical records of cats with histopathologically confirmed GESF.ResultsThe median age was 5.4 years (interquartile range [IQR], 3.3‐8.9.); 30% were Domestic Shorthairs and 12% were Domestic Longhair cats, with the most prevalent pedigree breeds being Ragdolls (25%), Exotic Shorthair (10%) and Persian (8%) cats. The median duration of clinical signs was 90 days (IQR, 17.5‐247.0); the most common clinical signs were weight loss (60%), hyporexia/anorexia (55%), chronic vomiting (37%), lethargy (35%) and chronic diarrhea (27%). Masses were located in the small intestine (32%), stomach (27%), ileocolic junction (15%), colon (10%), lymph node (8%) and mesentery (8%) and 15% of cats had >1 mass. Eosinophilia was present in 50% and hypoalbuminemia in 28% of cats. The mass was removed surgically in 37% of cases. Most cats (98%) were treated with corticosteroids. Survival was not statistically different between cats treated with surgical resection and cats treated with medical therapy alone, 88% of the cats were still alive at the time of writing.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceGESF is an important differential diagnosis for abdominal masses in cats, and has a much better prognosis than previously reported.
Pharmacokinetics of intranasal and intramuscular flunixin in healthy grower pigs
Authors: Wiloch Emily E. , Enomoto Hiroko , Smith Lilly , Baynes Ronald E. , Messenger Kristen M. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractFlunixin meglumine is a nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug approved to manage pyrexia associated with swine respiratory disease. In the United States, no analgesic drugs are approved for use in swine by the FDA, although they are needed to manage painful conditions. This study evaluated the pharmacokinetics and relative bioavailability of intranasal versus intramuscular flunixin in grower pigs. Six pigs received 2.2 mg/kg flunixin either intranasally via atomizer or intramuscularly before receiving flunixin via the opposite route following a 5‐day washout period. Plasma samples were collected over 60 h and analysed using ultra‐performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry to detect flunixin plasma concentrations. A non‐compartmental pharmacokinetic analysis was performed. The median Cmax was 4.0 μg/mL and 2.7 μg/mL for intramuscular and intranasal administration, respectively, while the median AUCinf was 6.9 h μg/mL for intramuscular administration and 4.9 h μg/mL for intranasal administration. For both routes, the median Tmax was 0.2 h, and flunixin was detectable in some samples up to 60 h post‐administration. Intranasal delivery had a relative bioavailability of 88.5%. These results suggest that intranasal flunixin has similar, although variable, pharmacokinetic parameters to the intramuscular route, making it a viable route of administration for use in grower swine.
Ultra‐processed food and non‐communicable diseases in the United Kingdom: A narrative review and thematic synthesis of literature
Authors: Henney Alex E. , Gillespie Conor S. , Alam Uazman , Hydes Theresa J. , Boyland Emma , Cuthbertson Daniel J. 
Published: January 2024

SummaryThe social and economic constructs of the United Kingdom (UK) provide a fertile food environment for the dramatic expansion in the ultra‐processed food (UPF) market, driving increased UPF consumption. This has coincided with the significant increase in the incidence and prevalence of non‐communicable diseases (NCDs) such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer, with an inherent impact on morbidity and mortality. Our review aims to assess the current epidemiological and public health trends in the United Kingdom, specifically examining consumption of UPFs and subsequent development of NCDs, summarizing existing meta‐analytical and experimental approaches. First, we address important socioeconomic and psychosocial domains that may contribute to increased availability and consumption of UPF. Additionally, we explore the putative mechanistic basis for the association between UPFs and NCDs: partly attributable to their energy density, the macro‐ and micronutrient composition (including high refined carbohydrate, saturated, and trans fats composition, in addition to low fiber and protein content), and artificially engineered additives and other compounds that adversely affect health in inadequately researched pathophysiological pathways. This review highlights the importance of promoting minimally processed diets to both clinical and political decision makers.
How well does Invisalign ClinCheck predict actual results: A prospective study
Authors: Ghislanzoni Luis Huanca , Kalemaj Zamira , Manuelli Maurizio , Magni Cinzia , Polimeni Antonella , Lucchese Alessandra 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIntroductionThis study aimed to compare achieved movements with predicted movements after 28‐week use of Invisalign Lite aligners.Settings and Sample PopulationThe digital impressions of 21 subjects treated with Invisalign Lite at a private practice and in the dental clinic (Milan, Italy) were taken and analysed. Subjects were Caucasian with a mean age of 20.1 years.MethodsPatients were analysed at two time points: at T0, before starting therapy, and at T1, after 28 weeks of treatment with Invisalign clear aligners, with a 2‐week change interval. The changes that occurred between T0 and T1 were compared to the predicted changes between T0 and Ts (setup/ClinCheck). Tooth movement performance was estimated through variables calculated as the difference between obtained and planned movements.ResultsIn both maxillary and mandibular arches, the teeth that exhibited the least accurate expression of torque were the central incisors. Tip was not accurate on maxillary central incisors and canines, mandibular central incisors, lateral incisors, first premolars, second premolars and first molars. Rotations were under‐expressed on maxillary lateral incisors, canines and second premolars and on mandibular central incisors, canines, first premolars, second premolars and first molars. The overall angular changes showed a tendency to underperformance. Transverse linear changes were accurate with a significant overperformance on maxillary and mandibular first molars.ConclusionsTorque correction of maxillary central incisors, as well as rotational correction of most of the teeth, showed significant differences between what was planned and what was obtained.
Oral lymphangioma: A clinicopathological analysis of 40 cases and review of the literature
Authors: da Cruz Lima Jabes Gennedyr , Gonçalo Rani Iani Costa , Pinheiro Juliana Campos , da Silva Gabriel Gomes , de Oliveira Costa Carla Samily , Queiroz Lélia Maria Guedes , de Oliveira Patricia Teixeira 
Published: January 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis retrospective study aimed to perform a clinicopathological analysis of oral lymphangioma cases diagnosed at a reference service in oral pathology.Materials and MethodsA total of 40 cases with reviewed and confirmed histopathological diagnoses for oral lymphangioma were included in the study.ResultsIt was found that Caucasian women represented most of the sample, with the tongue and lower lip being the most affected sites. The most frequent clinical presentation of the lesions was as an asymptomatic reddish nodule. As for morphological characteristics, there was a slight predominance of simple lymphangioma (55%). Surgical removal was the therapeutic approach adopted in most cases.ConclusionsDespite OL being rare, it is essential that dentists and other professionals recognize variations in the clinical presentation and histopathological aspects of these lesions, differentiating them from other vascular lesions, and implementing correct treatment in each case.
Celebrating Professor Rajeev K. Varshney's transformative research odyssey from genomics to the field on his induction as Fellow of the Royal Society
Authors: Garg Vanika , Barmukh Rutwik , Chitikineni Annapurna , Roorkiwal Manish , Ojiewo Chris , Bohra Abhishek , Thudi Mahendar , Singh Vikas K. , Kudapa Himabindu , Saxena Rachit K. , Fountain Jake , Mir Reyazul Rouf , Bharadwaj Chellapilla , Chen Xiaoping , Xin Liu , Pandey Manish K. 
Published: January 2024

SummaryProfessor Rajeev K. Varshney's transformative impact on crop genomics, genetics, and agriculture is the result of his passion, dedication, and unyielding commitment to harnessing the potential of genomics to address the most pressing challenges faced by the global agricultural community. Starting from a small town in India and reaching the global stage, Professor Varshney's academic and professional trajectory has inspired many scientists active in research today. His ground‐breaking work, especially his effort to list orphan tropical crops to genomic resource‐rich entities, has been transformative. Beyond his scientific achievements, Professor Varshney is recognized by his colleagues as an exemplary mentor, fostering the growth of future researchers, building institutional capacity, and strengthening scientific capability. His focus on translational genomics and strengthening seed system in developing countries for the improvement of agriculture has made a tangible impact on farmers' lives. His skills have been best utilized in roles at leading research centres where he has applied his expertise to deliver a new vision for crop improvement. These efforts have now been recognized by the Royal Society with the award of the Fellowship (FRS). As we mark this significant milestone in his career, we not only celebrate Professor Varshney's accomplishments but also his wider contributions that continue to transform the agricultural landscape.
Transcranial pulsed current stimulation: A scoping review of the current literature on scope, nature, underlying mechanisms, and gaps
Authors: Malekahmad Mona , Frazer Ashlyn , Zoghi Maryam , Jaberzadeh Shapour 
Published: January 2024

AbstractTranscranial pulsed current stimulation (tPCS) is a noninvasive brain stimulation technique that has aroused considerable attention in recent years. This review aims to provide an overview of the existing literature on tPCS, examine the scope and nature of previous research, investigate its underlying mechanisms, and identify gaps in the literature. Searching online databases resulted in 36 published tPCS studies from inception until May 2023. These studies were categorized into three groups: human studies on healthy individuals, human studies on clinical conditions, and animal studies. The findings suggest that tPCS has the potential to modulate brain excitability by entraining neural oscillations and utilizing stochastic resonance. However, the underlying mechanisms of tPCS are not yet fully understood and require further investigation. Furthermore, the included studies indicate that tPCS may have therapeutic potential for neurological diseases. However, before tPCS can be applied in clinical settings, a better understanding of its mechanisms is crucial. Hence, the tPCS studies were categorized into four types of research: basic, strategic, applied, and experimental research, to identify the nature of the literature and gaps. Analysis of these categories revealed that tPCS, with its diverse parameters, effects, and mechanisms, presents a wide range of research opportunities for future investigations.
Performance assessment and indicators for agricultural water management—A review
Authors: Ahmad Muhammad Tajuri , Haie Naim , Gonçalves José Manuel , Pinho José , Yen Haw , Yakubu Mahadi Lawan , Mohammed Murtala Uba , Suleimana Aiuba 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe complexity of irrigation systems and the need to adapt them to uncertainties requires developing approaches to synthesize their performances. This paper reviews performance assessment and indicators for agricultural water systems. It is aimed at finding various methods and indices used for irrigation performance assessment and standard classes for their characterization. The global application of the metrics was also documented. Adopting a systematic review approach, peer‐reviewed journal articles published in the English language in the last two decades (1 March 2001 to 31 December 2020) were surveyed. Case studies were presented demonstrating the application of the indicators. The study revealed a lack of standardization and the use of a wide range of indicators among others, and recommended representing certain indicators as single. However, this review considered one indicator as the best. Suggestions for further studies were made.
Targeting host tyrosine kinase receptor EphA2 signaling via small-molecule ALW-II-41-27 inhibits macrophage pro-inflammatory signaling responses to
Pneumocystis carinii
β-glucans
Authors: Kottom Theodore J. , Carmona Eva M. , Limper Andrew H. 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT

Pneumocystis jirovecii,
the fungus that causes
Pneumocystis jirovecii
pneumonia (PJP), is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised individuals. We have previously shown that lung epithelial cells can bind
Pneumocystis
spp. β-glucans via the EphA2 receptor, resulting in activation and release of proinflammatory cytokines. Herein, we show that
in vivo Pneumocystis
spp. β-glucans activation of the inflammatory signaling cascade in macrophages can be pharmacodynamically inhibited with the EphA2 receptor small-molecule inhibitor ALW-II-41-27.
In vitro
, when ALW-II-41-27 is administrated via intraperitoneal to mice prior to the administration of highly proinflammatory
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
β-glucans in the lung, a significant reduction in TNF-alpha release was noted in the ALW-II-41-27 pre-treated group. Taken together, our data suggest that targeting host lung macrophage activation via EphA2 receptor-fungal β-glucans interactions with ALW-II-41-27 or other EphA2 receptor kinase targeting inhibitors might be an attractive and viable strategy to reduce detrimental lung inflammation associated with PJP.
The cost of adaptability: resource availability constrains functional stability under pulsed disturbances
Authors: Rain-Franco Angel , Peter Hannes , Pavan de Moraes Guilherme , Beier Sara 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT

Global change exposes ecosystems to changes in the frequency, magnitude, and concomitancy of disturbances, which impact the composition and functioning of these systems. Here, we experimentally evaluate the effects of salinity disturbances and eutrophication on bacterial communities from coastal ecosystems. The functional stability of these communities is critically important for maintaining water quality, productivity, and ecosystem services, such as fishery yields. Microbial functional stability can be maintained via resistance and resilience, which are reflected in genomic traits such as genome size and codon usage bias and may be linked to metabolic costs. However, little is known about the mechanisms that select these traits under varying nutrient regimes. To study the impact of pulsed disturbances on community assembly and functioning depending on metabolic costs, we performed a 41-day pulse disturbance experiment across two levels of resource availability. Our setup triggered stochastic community re-assembly processes in all treatments. In contrast, we observed consistent and resource availability-dependent patterns of superordinate community functioning and structural patterns, such as functional resistance in response to disturbances, genomic trait distributions, and species diversity. Predicted genomic traits reflected the selection for taxa possessing resistant- and resilience-related traits, particularly under high nutrient availability. Our findings are a step toward unraveling the compositional and genomic underpinnings of functional resistance in microbial communities after exposure to consecutive pulse disturbances. Our work demonstrates how resource availability alleviates metabolic constraints on resistance and resilience, and this has important consequences for predicting water quality and ecosystem productivity of environments exposed to global change.

IMPORTANCE
Understanding the communities’ responses to disturbances is a prerequisite to predicting ecosystem dynamics and, thus, highly relevant considering global change. Microbial communities play key roles in numerous ecosystem functions and services, and the large diversity, rapid growth, and phenotypic plasticity of microorganisms are thought to allow high resistance and resilience. While potential metabolic costs associated with adaptations to fluctuating environments have been debated, little evidence supports trade-offs between resource availability, resistance, and resilience. Here, we experimentally assessed the compositional and functional responses of an aquatic microbial model community to disturbances and systematically manipulated resource availability. Our results demonstrate that the capacity to tolerate environmental fluctuations is constrained by resource availability and reflected in the selection of genomic traits.