bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Psychiatric medication use among Manhattan residents following the World Trade Center disaster
Authors: Boscarino Joseph A. , Galea Sandro , Ahern Jennifer , Resnick Heidi , Vlahov David 
Published: June 2003

AbstractTo assess medication use in New York after the September 11th attacks, a telephone survey was conducted in October 2001 (N = 1,008). The prevalence of psychiatric medication use 30 days before the disaster was 8.9 and 11.6% 30 days after, a small but significant increase. The most important factor predicting postdisaster use was predisaster use—92% of those who used medications postdisaster used them predisaster. In addition, 3.3% used psychiatric medications 30 days postdisaster, but not 30 days before. Those who had panic attacks, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and insurance coverage, were the most likely medicated (26.5%). However, among those who used postdisaster medications (n = 129), new users tended to be those with panic attacks (44.1%) and those with panic attacks and PTSD (69.2%).
Predictors of acute distress among young adults injured by community violence
Authors: Jaycox Lisa H. , Marshall Grant N. , Orlando Maria 
Published: June 2003

AbstractAcute reactions to trauma are examined in 267 individuals severely injured via community violence. Respondents were interviewed about pretrauma, peritraumatic, and acute posttraumatic factors. A series of bivariate and multivariate analyses were conducted. We found few factors related to peritraumatic dissociation (PD): only injury severity and neuroticism emerged as multivariate predictors and the effects were small. PD was strongly related to acute PTSD symptoms, and partially mediated the relationship between other factors and acute PTSD and general distress symptoms. Different patterns of predictors emerged for acute PTSD symptoms vis‐à‐vis general distress symptoms. Future research on predictors of PD is indicated to develop prevention and early intervention programs.
Assessment of response style in combat veterans seeking compensation for posttraumatic stress disorder
Authors: Franklin C. Laurel , Repasky Stephanie A. , Thompson Karin E. , Shelton Shannon A. , Uddo Madeline 
Published: June 2003

AbstractThis study examined response styles of veterans seeking compensation for PTSD (N = 204). Veterans were classified as having a valid or overreporting response style based on their scores on three MMPI‐2 validity scales that measure overreporting F, F(p), F‐K. Sixteen percent of veterans had valid scores on all three scales. The number of veterans classified as having an overreporting response style differed depending on which scale was used. This finding highlights the importance of using multiple validity scales to measure response style. Veterans who were and were not classified as overreporters were compared on measures of combat exposure, PTSD, and depression.
Perceptions of sexuality as related to sexual functioning and sexual risk in women with different types of childhood abuse histories
Authors: Schloredt Kelly A. , Heiman Julia R. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractPerceptions of one's sexuality, self‐reported sexual functioning, and sexual risk were examined in a community sample of 148 women with histories of either childhood sexual abuse (n = 26), both childhood sexual and physical abuse (n = 44), and neither form of abuse (n = 78). Controlling for depression and anxiety, the groups did not differ on sexual desire, arousal/orgasm, sexual pain, or masturbation. Women with abuse histories reported more negative affect during sexual arousal and reported more lifetime vaginal intercourse partners than nonabused women. In addition, the abuse samples reported more negative perceptions of their sexuality in their worst psychological states using the Structural Analysis of Social Behavior (SASB) method than did women with no abuse history. An interpersonal focus and more precise abuse labeling are recommended, potentially revising our assumptions about symptom clusters and treatment.
Diagnostic delay in women with pain and endometriosis
Authors: Husby Gunhild Kalleberg , Haugen Ragnhild Skipnes , Moen Mette Haase 
Published: June 2003

Background.  Women with endometriosis claim that delayed diagnosis is a problem. Anglo‐American studies have shown a delay from 3 to 11 years between the onset of pain symptoms and the final diagnosis of endometriosis. The aim of this study was to find the time difference between the onset of pelvic pain symptoms and the final diagnosis of endometriosis among Norwegian patients.Material and methods.  Questionnaires were sent to 400 women, of whom 313 were members of the Norwegian Endometriosis Association and 87 were patients with endometriosis being hospitalized at St Olav's Hospital, Trondheim, in recent years. The response rate was 89%. Among the 356 questionnaires returned, 95 were excluded as not fulfilling the inclusion criterion of surgically verified symptomatic endometriosis or incomplete questionnaires. Data were analyzed from 261 women, of whom 223 were members of the Norwegian Endometriosis Association. In all included patients, pain was an indication for diagnostic surgery.Results.  The mean delay in diagnosis was 6.7 ± 6.2 years and the median delay was 5.0 years for the two groups in total. There was no statistically significant difference in delay between the two recruitment groups. Mean delay in diagnosis had not changed significantly with time. Women reporting infertility in addition to pain did not have a significantly shorter delay.Conclusion.  In Norway there is a considerable delay in the diagnosis of endometriosis, with figures comparable to results from Anglo‐American studies. A greater awareness of symptoms of endometriosis and a more rapid investigation should thus be encouraged.
Periconceptional use of folic acid supplements in Oslo
Authors: Braekke Kristin , Staff Anne Cathrine 
Published: June 2003

Background.  Periconceptional supplementation with folic acid has been shown to decrease the occurrence of neural tube defects (NTD). A daily supplement of 400 µg folic acid from the month before pregnancy and the first 2 to 3 months of pregnancy is recommended in Norway. We wanted to evaluate the use of folic acid supplements among pregnant women in Oslo, and to explore demographic factors that were associated with periconceptional intake.Methods.  All women attending antenatal ultrasound screening at the two main obstetric departments in Oslo during 3 months in 2001 were invited to answer questions regarding folic acid supplementation before and during their present pregnancy.Results.  A total of 1541 women (91, 5%) participated in the study, of which 26% were nonwestern immigrants. Only 17% of all women had started the folic acid supplementation preconceptionally (22% of the nonimmigrant vs. 2% of the immigrant population). Folic acid had been used by 58% at some time during the present pregnancy (73% of the nonimmigrant vs. 19% of the immigrant population). Regression analysis demonstrated that the difference in periconceptional use of folic acid between the two population groups could not be explained by registered demographic factors other than immigrant status.Conclusions.  Most pregnant women in Oslo do not use folic acid as recommended and a dramatically low usage is seen among the immigrant population, indicating that more widespread information is necessary. Furthermore, fortification of cereals with folic acid should be considered to secure a sufficient intake of folic acid in all fertile women.
Correlation between estrogen receptor α expression, collagen content and stiffness in human uterine arteries
Authors: Lydrup Marie‐Louise , Fernö Mårten 
Published: June 2003

Aim of the study.  To investigate the relationship between estrogen receptor α expression, collagen content and distensibility of the human uterine artery.Study design.  Uterine arteries (n = 13) obtained from women undergoing hysterectomy were mounted for length–tension relations and thereafter frozen for later determination of collagen and estrogen receptor α contents.Results.  A negative correlation between estrogen receptor α content and collagen content (r = −0.76, n = 13) and a positive correlation between collagen content and passive tension at 1.4 Lo (r = 0.72, n = 13) in the uterine artery were detected. No difference was found between pre‐ and postmenopausal women concerning the estrogen receptor α content, the collagen content or maximal active force.Conclusions.  Our data show a functional correlate to the expression of estrogen receptors α, as a high content of estrogen receptor α correlates with a lower collagen concentration, indicating that estrogen through activation of estrogen receptor α protects against vascular collagen accumulation making the vessel more distensible.
A3 adenosine and CB1 receptors activate a PKC‐sensitive Cl− current in human nonpigmented ciliary epithelial cells via a Gβγ‐coupled MAPK signaling pathway
Authors: Shi Chanjuan , Szczesniak Anna , Mao Lucy , Jollimore Christine , Coca‐Prados Miguel , Hung Orlando , Kelly Melanie E M 
Published: June 2003

We examined A3 adenosine and CB1 cannabinoid receptor‐coupled signaling pathways regulating Cl− current in a human nonpigmented ciliary epithelial (NPCE) cell line.
Whole‐cell patch‐clamp recordings demonstrated that the A3 receptor agonist, IB‐MECA, activates an outwardly rectifying Cl−current (ICl,Aden) in NPCE cells, which was inhibited by the adenosine receptor antagonist, CGS‐15943 or by the protein kinase C (PKC) activator, phorbol 12,13 dibutyrate (PDBu).
Treatment of NPCE cells with pertussis‐toxin (PTX), or transfection with the COOH‐terminus of β‐adrenergic receptor kinase (ct‐βARK), inhibited ICl,Aden. The phosphatidyl inositol 3‐kinase (PI3K) inhibitor, wortmannin, had no effect on ICl,Aden; however, the mitogen‐activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) inhibitor, PD98059, inhibited ICl,Aden.
Reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction experiments and immunocytochemistry confirmed mRNA and protein expression for the CB1 receptor in NPCE cells, and the CB1 receptor agonist, Win 55,212‐2, activated a PDBu‐sensitive Cl− current (ICl,Win).
Transfection of NPCE cells with the human CB1 (hCB1) receptor, increased ICl,Win, consistent with increased receptor expression, and ICl,Win in hCB1 receptor‐transfected cells was decreased after application of a CB1 receptor inverse agonist, SR 141716.
Constitutive activity for CB1 receptors was not significant in NPCE cells as transfection with hCB1 receptors did not increase basal Cl− current, nor was basal current inhibited by SR 141716.
ICl,Win was inhibited by PTX preincubation, by transfection with ct‐βARK and by the MEK inhibitor, PD98059, but unaffected by the PI3K inhibitor, wortmannin.
We conclude that both A3 and CB1 receptors activate a PKC‐sensitive Cl− current in human NPCE cells via a Gi/o/Gβγ signaling pathway, in a manner independent of PI3K but involving MAPK.

British Journal of Pharmacology (2003) 139, 475–486. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0705266
Vascular endothelial growth factor increases heme oxygenase‐1 protein expression in the chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane
Authors: Fernandez Mercedes , Bonkovsky Herbert L 
Published: June 2003

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a potent angiogenic factor. It has been recently suggested that the inducible heme oxygenase (HO‐1) isoform may play a role in angiogenesis.
The aims of this study were to determine, in chicken embryo chorioallantoic membranes (CAM), whether VEGF increases HO‐1 protein expression, and, if so, by which molecular mechanism, and whether HO‐1 activity is required for VEGF‐induced angiogenesis.
Treatment of CAMs with VEGF for 48 h caused a significant increase in HO‐1 protein expression, simultaneously with angiogenesis.
VEGF‐stimulated angiogenesis in CAMs was markedly attenuated by the HO inhibitor zinc mesoporphyrin (ZnMP). This inhibitory effect of ZnMP was not observed with copper mesoporphyrin (CuMP), a metalloporphyrin that has a similar structure to ZnMP but does not inhibit HO enzymatic activity.
Overexpression of HO‐1 protein elicited by VEGF in CAMs was significantly attenuated by the intracellular calcium chelator 1,2‐bis(2‐aminophenoxy)ethane‐N,N,N′,N′‐tetraacetic acid‐acetoxymethyl ester (BAPTA‐AM). The effects of BAPTA‐AM were, in turn, compensated by the calcium ionophore A‐23187.
In addition, the protein kinase C inhibitor staurosporine significantly attenuated, in a dose‐dependent manner, the VEGF‐stimulated HO‐1 induction observed in CAMs.
These results demonstrate, for the first time, that VEGF upregulates HO‐1 protein expression in vivo in CAMs by a mechanism dependent on an increase in cytosolic calcium levels and activation of protein kinase C. Our findings also suggest that HO‐1 activity is necessary for VEGF‐induced angiogenesis in CAMs.

British Journal of Pharmacology (2003) 139, 634–640. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0705272
A specific taurine recognition site in the rabbit brain is responsible for taurine effects on thermoregulation
Authors: Frosini Maria , Sesti Casilde , Saponara Simona , Ricci Lorenzo , Valoti Massimo , Palmi Mitri , Machetti Fabrizio , Sgaragli Giampietro 
Published: June 2003

Taurine and GABA are recognized as endogenous cryogens. In a previous study, some structural analogues of taurine, namely 6‐aminomethyl‐3‐methyl‐4H‐1,2,4‐benzothiadiazine 1,1‐dioxide (TAG), 2‐aminoethylarsonic (AEA), 2‐hydroxyethanesulfonic (ISE) and (±)cis‐2‐aminocyclohexane sulfonic acids (CAHS) have been shown to displace [3H]taurine binding from rabbit brain synaptic membrane preparations, without interacting either with GABA‐ergic systems, nor with taurine uptake mechanism, thus behaving like direct taurinergic agents.
To answer the question whether the role of taurine as an endogenous cryogen depends on the activation of GABA receptors or that of specific taurine receptor(s), taurine or the above structural analogues were injected intracerebroventricularly in conscious, restrained rabbits singularly or in combination and their effects on rectal (RT)‐ and ear–skin temperature and gross motor behavior (GMB) were monitored.
Taurine (1.2 × 10−6–4.8 × 10−5 mol) induced a dose‐related hypothermia, vasodilation at ear vascular bed and inhibition of GMB. CAHS, at the highest dose tested (4.8 × 10−5 mol) induced a taurine‐like effect either on RT or GMB. On the contrary ISE, injected at the same doses of taurine, induced a dose‐related hyperthermia, vasoconstriction and excitation of GMB. AEA and TAG caused a dose‐related hyperthermia, but at doses higher than 1.2 × 10−7 mol caused death within 24 h after treatment.
CAHS (4.8 × 10−5 mol) antagonized the hyperthermic effect induced by TAG (1.2 × 10−6 mol), AEA (1.2 × 10−8 mol) or ISE (4.8 × 10−5 mol).
In conclusion, these findings may indicate the existence of a recognition site specific for taurine, responsible for its effects on thermoregulation.

British Journal of Pharmacology (2003) 139, 487–494. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0705274
Control of signalling efficacy by palmitoylation of the rat Y1 receptor
Authors: Holliday Nicholas D , Cox Helen M 
Published: June 2003

We have investigated the properties of native and haemagglutinin (HA)‐tagged neuropeptide Y (NPY) Y1 receptors after mutation of the palmitoylation site Cys337 to Ser or Ala.
In Chinese hamster ovary cells expressing similar receptor levels, the C337A mutation abolished incorporation of [3H]palmitic acid into the HA‐Y1 receptor.
Cys337 substitution did not alter the affinities of Y1 receptor agonists or antagonists, but it eliminated the ability of guanosine‐5′‐O‐(3‐thio)triphosphate (GTPγS) to displace [125I]PYY‐specific binding (compared to approximately 50% inhibition in Y1 or HA‐Y1 clones).
Stimulation of GTPγ[35S] binding by native and HA‐Y1 receptors in standard incubation buffer (100 mM NaCl, 10 μM GDP) was prevented by Cys337 mutation. In this assay, the function of Y1(C337S) receptors could be partially rescued by reducing the Na+ concentration, and when overexpressed (Bmax: ∼10 pmol mg−1), both HA‐Y1 and HA‐Y1(C337A) receptors displayed similar responses to NPY and peptide YY (PYY).
In stably transfected adenocarcinoma cells expressing Y1 or Y1(C337S) receptors, PYY inhibited anion secretion stimulated by vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP; measured as short‐circuit current, ISC) with similar potency (EC50: 26–53 nM). In contrast to the transient Y1 receptor‐mediated responses observed at maximal PYY concentrations, ISC reductions in both Y1(C337S) clones were sustained.
We conclude that nonpalmitoylation of the Y1 receptor reduces its coupling efficiency to G proteins, and may also indirectly influence desensitisation processes that depend on the formation of an active agonist‐receptor conformation.

British Journal of Pharmacology (2003) 139, 501–512. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0705276
Effect of sildenafil on cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity, vascular tone and calcium signaling in rat pulmonary artery
Authors: Pauvert O , Lugnier C , Keravis T , Marthan R , Rousseau E , Savineau J P 
Published: June 2003

Sildenafil (viagra) is a potent PDE5 inhibitor and thus a relaxant drug in corpus carvernosum smooth muscle. In the present work, we evidenced the presence of PDE5 isozyme and investigated the effect of sildenafil on the specific cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (PDE) activity, smooth muscle tone and calcium signaling in the rat main pulmonary artery (MPA).
The PDE activity was measured in cytosolic and microsomal fractions. Total cAMP and cGMP‐PDE activities were mainly present in the cytosolic fraction. Sildenafil (0.1 μM) reduced by 72% cGMP‐PDE activity, whereas zaprinast (10 μM), a relatively selective PDE5 inhibitor, reduced this activity by 63%. Sildenafil (0.1 μM) also inhibited significantly (22%) the cAMP‐PDE activity.
Western blot analysis revealed the expression of PDE5 mainly in the cytosolic fraction of MPA. Sildenafil concentration‐dependently inhibited (IC50=3.4 nM) the activity of MPA PDE5 partially purified by HPLC.
Sildenafil (0.1 nM–50 μM) concentration‐dependently relaxed MPA rings precontracted with phenylephrine (0.5 μM). The potency of sildenafil (IC50=11 nM) was similar to that of a nitric oxide donor, sodium nitroprusside, but higher than that of zaprinast (IC50=600 nM). The vasorelaxant effect of sildenafil was not altered by endothelium removal or in the presence of KT 5823 (1 μM) and H89 (1 μM), potent inhibitors of PKG and PKA, respectively.
In isolated MPA myocytes, which had been loaded with the calcium fluorophore indo‐1, sildenafil (10–100 nM) antagonized ATP‐ and endothelin‐1‐induced calcium oscillations but had no effect on the transient caffeine‐induced [Ca2+]i response.
This study demonstrates the presence of a functional and highly sildenafil‐sensitive PDE5 isozyme in rat MPA. Inhibition of this isozyme mainly accounts for the potent pulmonary vasodilator action of sildenafil, which involves alteration in the inositol triphosphate‐mediated calcium signaling pathway.

British Journal of Pharmacology (2003) 139, 513–522. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0705277
Tachykinins and tachykinin receptors in human uterus
Authors: Patak Eva , Luz Candenas M , Pennefather Jocelyn N , Ziccone Sebastian , Lilley Alison , Martín Julio D , Flores Carlos , Mantecón Antonio G , Story Margot E , Pinto Francisco M 
Published: June 2003

Studies were undertaken to determine the nature of the receptors mediating contractile effects of tachykinins in the uteri of nonpregnant women, and to analyse the expression of preprotachykinins (PPT), tachykinin receptors and the cell‐surface peptidase, neprilysin (NEP), in the myometrium from pregnant and nonpregnant women.
The neurokinin B (NKB) precursor PPT‐B was expressed in higher levels in the myometrium from nonpregnant than from pregnant women. Faint expression of PPT‐A mRNA was detectable in the myometrium from nonpregnant but not pregnant women. PPT‐C, the gene encoding the novel tachykinin peptide hemokinin‐1 (HK‐1), was present in trace amounts in the uteri from both pregnant and nonpregnant women.
Tachykinin NK2 receptors were more strongly expressed in tissues from nonpregnant than from pregnant women. NK1 receptor mRNA was present in low levels in tissues from both pregnant and nonpregnant women. A low abundance transcript corresponding to the NK3 receptor was present only in tissues from nonpregnant women.
The mRNA expression of the tachykinin‐degrading enzyme NEP was lower in tissues from nonpregnant than from pregnant women.
Substance P (SP), neurokinin A (NKA) and NKB, in the presence of the peptidase inhibitors thiorphan, captopril and bestatin, produced contractions of myometrium from nonpregnant women. The order of potency was NKA≫SP≥NKB. The potency of NKA was unchanged in the absence of peptidase inhibitors.
The tachykinin NK2 receptor‐selective agonist [Lys5MeLeu9Nle10]NKA(4–l0) was approximately equipotent with NKA, but the tachykinin NK1 and NK3 receptor‐selective agonists [Sar9Met(O2)11]SP and [MePhe7]NKB were ineffective in the myometrium from nonpregnant women.
The uterotonic effects of [Lys5MeLeu9Nle10]NKA(4–10) were antagonized by the tachykinin NK2 receptor‐selective antagonist SR48968. Neither atropine, nor phentolamine nor tetrodotoxin affected responses to [Lys5MeLeu9Nle10]NKA(4–10).
These data are consistent with a role of tachykinins in the regulation of human uterine function, and reinforce the importance of NK2 receptors in the regulation of myometrial contraction.

British Journal of Pharmacology (2003) 139, 523–532. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0705279
Dihydropyridine Ca2+ channel antagonists and agonists block Kv4.2, Kv4.3 and Kv1.4 K+ channels expressed in HEK293 cells
Authors: Hatano Noriyuki , Ohya Susumu , Muraki Katsuhiko , Giles Wayne , Imaizumi Yuji 
Published: June 2003

We have determined the molecular basis of nicardipine‐induced block of cardiac transient outward K+ currents (Ito). Inhibition of Ito was studied using cloned voltage‐dependent K+ channels (Kv) channels, rat Kv4.3L, Kv4.2, and Kv1.4, expressed in human embryonic kindey cell line 293 (HEK293) cells.
Application of the dihydropyridine Ca2+ channel antagonist, nicardipine, accelerated the inactivation rate and reduced the peak amplitude of Kv4.3L currents in a concentration‐dependent manner (IC50: 0.42 μM). The dihydropyridine (DHP) Ca2+ channel agonist, Bay K 8644, also blocked this K+ current (IC50: 1.74 μM).
Nicardipine (1 μM) slightly, but significantly, shifted the voltage dependence of activation and steady‐state inactivation to more negative potentials, and also slowed markedly the recovery from inactivation of Kv4.3L currents.
Coexpression of K+ channel‐interacting protein 2 (KChIP2) significantly slowed the inactivation of Kv4.3L currents as expected. However, the features of DHP‐induced block of K+ current were not substantially altered.
Nicardipine exhibited similar block of Kv1.4 and Kv4.2 channels stably expressed in HEK293 cells; IC50's were 0.80 and 0.62 μM, respectively.
Thus, at submicromolar concentrations, DHP Ca2+ antagonist and agonist inhibit Kv4.3L and have similar inhibiting effects on other components of cardiac Ito, Kv4.2 and Kv1.4.

British Journal of Pharmacology (2003) 139, 533–544. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0705281