bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An electromagnetic vibration energy harvester with compact flexure guide for low frequency applications
Authors: Wang Lujie , Liu Tinghao , Hao Guangbo , Chitta Saha , Liu Lei , Ye TinCong , Zhang Zhengmin , Wang Ningning 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This paper presents the design, modeling, fabrication, and characterization of a novel electromagnetic vibration energy harvester (EVEH) using a compact flexure guide structure and opposing permanent magnets. The flexure guide is a unique cylindrical structure, and can transfer force and motion by the deformation of elastic beams. It allows the single-degree-of-freedom motion characteristic, and eliminates the friction between the permanent magnets and the housing structure, which exists in mostly reported magnet-spring based vibration energy harvesters. The structure also greatly reduces the spacing between the coil and the permanent magnets, which considerably increases the magnetic flux linkage through the coil. Experimental results show that the EVEH prototype can generate an output voltage of 6.08 V and output power of 4.02 mW from 0.1 g acceleration at resonant (19.5 Hz), achieving a normalized power density of 3.28 mW cm
−

3g
−

2. In addition, the flexure guide can be directly fabricated by 3D printing, which greatly simplifies the harvester assembly compared to other EVEHs reported. In terms of the proposed EVEH, a self-powered sensor network is implemented to transfer the GPS data to some appointed terminals.
Superconducting TSV contact for cryoelectronic devices
Authors: Filippov Ivan , Anikanov Aleksandr , Rykov Aleksandr , Mumlyakov Alexander , Shibalov Maksim , Trofimov Igor , Porokhov Nikolay , Anufriev Yuriy , Tarkhov Michael 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This work focuses on the fabrication of niobium through silicon vias (TSV) superconductors interconnects. The effect of supercycle of sequential oxidation and chemical etching process on the through-etch wall quality was investigated. It was experimentally shown that the use of supercycle in the fabrication process leads to significant improvement of the TSV wall quality and removal of the defect type—scallops. After 12 times repetitions of supercycles a dissipative bonding of superconducting strips on the front and back side of the sample is observed. The critical current density of such coupling is 5 × 104 A cm−2. The critical ratio of substrate thickness to hole diameter at which electrical coupling is formed is 3:1.
A protocol for mapping transport current density of REBCO-coated conductor by magneto-optical imaging
Authors: Mu Nana , Liu Cong , Zhang Xingyi 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The measurement of transport current density is significant for investigations on improving the properties of REBa2Cu3O7−x
(REBCO, where RE refers to rare-earth elements)-coated conductors (CCs). In this work, a protocol for mapping the transport current density of CC by magneto-optical imaging (MOI) is presented. A calibration method is developed based on the non-linear physical governing function for the MOI indicator, in which only two parameters are determined, i.e. the anisotropic magnetic field BA
, and cMs
, which is the multiplication of the constant c related to the thickness of the MOI indicator and the spontaneous magnetization Ms
. The experimental results also showed that they were independent of the optical measure condition but dependent on temperature, making this calibration method comparative among different utilizers. The numerical results clearly manifested that the selected window size of the magnetic field around a long superconducting tape is closely related to the error of the reconstructed current density. A large window size of the magnetic field is needed to precisely reconstruct the transport current density. For actual MOI testing, a practical approach to extend the magnetic field data outside the MOI window was realized by fitting with a power function according to Ampere’s law, through which the false current density outside the sample is automatically suppressed to a large extent. On this basis, the mapping of the transport current density in the CC sample was achieved. It is believed that this work will improve MOI for a more precise measurement of the transport current density for long superconducting strips.
Thermoelectric power of overdoped Tl2201 crystals: charge density waves and T
1 and T
2 resistivities
Authors: Cooper J R , Baglo J C , Putzke C , Carrington A 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
We report measurements of the in-plane thermoelectric power (TEP) for an overdoped (OD) crystal of the single layer cuprate superconductor Tl2Ba2CuO

6
+
x

(Tl2201) at several hole concentrations (p), from 300 or 400 K to below the superconducting transition temperature (Tc
). For p = 0.192 and 0.220, small upturns in the TEP below 150 K are attributed to the presence of charge density waves (CDW) detected by resonant inelastic x-ray scattering studies. This suggests that measurement of the TEP could provide a simple and effective guide to the presence of a CDW. Over a certain temperature range, often strongly restricted by the CDW, the TEP is consistent with the Nordheim-Gorter rule and the T
1 and T
2 terms in the in-plane resistivity of similar crystals observed below 160 K. Two scenarios in which the T
1 scattering term is uniform or non-uniform around the Fermi surface are discussed. As found previously by others, for uniform scattering the T
1 terms give scattering rates (τ
−1) at lower p that are somewhat larger than the Planckian value

k
B

T

/

ℏ

and fall to zero for heavily OD crystals. Near 160 K, τ
−1 from the T
2 terms corresponds to the Planckian value.
Quantum space-time marginal problem: global causal structure from local causal information
Authors: Jia Zhian , Song Minjeong , Kaszlikowski Dagomir 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Spatial and temporal quantum correlations can be unified in the framework of the pseudo-density operators (PDOs), and quantum causality between the involved events in an experiment is encoded in the corresponding PDO. We study the relationship between local causal information and global causal structure. A space-time marginal problem is proposed to infer global causal structures from given marginal causal structures where causal structures are represented by the reduced PDOs; we show that there almost always exists a solution in this case. By imposing the corresponding constraints on this solution set, we could obtain the required solutions for special classes of marginal problems, like a positive semidefinite marginal problem, separable marginal problem, etc. We introduce a space-time entropy and propose a method to determine the global causal structure based on the maximum entropy principle. The notion of quantum pseudo-channel (QPC) is also introduced and we demonstrate that the QPC marginal problem can be solved by transforming it into a PDO marginal problem via the channel-state duality.
Renovation of 20th century modern buildings: Some common challenging architectural details analysed to find optimal insulating solutions
Authors: Csaszar Bernadett , Kinnane Oliver , O’Hegarty Richard 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Reusing existing buildings is a valid response to the architectural challenge associated with climate change. However, these buildings must be adapted for better performance to ensure low carbon impact in the future. That demands retrofitting strategies which enable thermal comfort, indoor environmental quality, and energy efficiency. In addition, energy retrofit solutions that abide by conservation ethos are needed to ensure higher performance while protecting cultural heritage, architectural features, and identity. Energy retrofits of post-war modern-age buildings pose particular challenges. There is a paucity of general guidance, particularly academic literature, focusing on optimum retrofit strategies for awkward architectural details. These optimum strategies mainly consider the balance between the retrofit cost and the energy-saving potential. Environmental concerns related to the insulation materials are often not mentioned. As the results of this study show, the “optimum” solution might shift once we add this third aspect. In certain instances, no or minimal insulation is often more optimal when considering the environmental effects associated with the insulation and additional materials involved in retrofits.
Effect of abnormal weather on the microenvironment of Mogao Cave 285, Dunhuang
Authors: Jiang X Y , Xie H R , Zhang R H , Luo Z H , Zhang Z M , Li Y H 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Cultural heritage is directly affected by the conservation environment, and climate change is already having an impact on the conservation of cultural heritage. The Mogao Caves murals, one of China’s most prestigious cultural heritages, have been affected by extreme rainfall. The aim of this study was therefore to assess the impact of abnormal weather on the microenvironment within the caves and on the preservation of the murals. First, the 30-year meteorological data of the Dunhuang area and the one-year cycle of Cave 285’s monitoring data are collated. The results show that for Cave 285, summer is the most noteworthy period. Then, a heat and moisture transfer model is established, and the accuracy of the model is verified. Finally, the model is used to evaluate the effect of different abnormal weather factors on the hygrothermal environment in the cave. The simulation results indicate that for Cave 285, abnormally high temperatures in summer do not make the situation worse, but both abnormally low temperatures and abnormally high humidity can cause the relative humidity in the cave to exceed safety critical value. In particular, when high humidity persists for a week, the relative humidity inside the cave can exceed 80% and take about 4 days to fall back to a safe value. In such cases, dehumidification measures are recommended.
Accuracy of using Moisture Reference Years for assessing the Long-Term Moisture Performance of Wall Assemblies
Authors: Xiao Zhe , Defo Maurice , Wang Lin , Lacasse Michael A. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Hygrothermal simulation is commonly used to understand the effects of climate loads on wall assemblies. This helps determine the risk of deterioration of wall components due to factors such as mould, wood rot, corrosion, and other modes of degradation. Owing to the lengthy computing time and high cost of undertaking simulations over extended periods of time in excess of 30 years, common practice is to select representative years, generally referred to as moisture reference years (MRYs), amongst the climate data series with the assumption that they would provide results similar to that obtained using the entire climate data series. In this study, simulations were performed for a wood-frame wall having brick veneer and fibreboard as cladding and located in 4 Canadian cities using both a 31-year climate data series and MRYs. The mould growth index on the outer layer of the sheathing panel was used as the performance indicator to permit comparing the moisture performance obtained using the long-term climate series to that obtained using MRYs. It was determined that different strategies should be implemented to analyse the MRY simulation results for different types of wall assemblies to obtain a similar conclusion as that of 31-year simulations.
Proposed flood risk classification of buildings - A case study with a heavy rain event
Authors: Lidén Peter , Stenvall Brita , Thidevall Niklas 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Climate change and associated risks create high costs and must be considered in both city planning and construction. The increasing recognition of threats influences how investments are made both in future projects and in the valuations of existing assets. A feasibility study was performed on how a climate resilience certificate (CRC) can create a tool for better valuation for contractors, and property owners to increase efforts regarding climate change adaptation, easy-to-understand benchmarks for climate resilience of properties for comparability, and to reduce uncertainty if insurance coverage can be guaranteed. This study focuses on a risk classification, tested, and evaluated in a Swedish case study on a property level, with emphasis on heavy rain, as a base for a potential CRC. The study discusses the benefits and drawbacks of on-site assessments versus what is digitally available. Furthermore, this study also highlights vulnerabilities of the evaluated buildings, and where the focus should be placed concerning climate adaptive measures.
Numerical investigation of mould growth risk in a timber-based facade system under current and future climate scenarios
Authors: Coelho Guilherme B. A. , Kraniotis Dimitrios 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Due to today’s sustainability concerns, we must find ways to decrease, the CO2 footprint of the products and systems that are used in buildings. The StaticusCare project, funded by EEA/Norway Grants, emerged from this need, since it aims to decrease the greenhouse gas emissions associated to the construction industry by developing a hybrid timber and aluminium based facade system that will integrate IoT sensors. A decrease of the facade’s embodied CO2 footprint of 70-75 % and of the non-renewable energy consumption to 53-56 % is expected. However, it must be ensured that this system has the necessary quality to be installed in the Nordic climates, even for future conditions. Computational models, both at the assembly level as well as at the building level, will be developed. The first level model will allow to perform thorough hygrothermal analysis of the facade system, whilst the second level model will allow to analyse the effect of the system at the building level, i.e. in terms of energy and indoor environment. In addition, this second level model will also be used to obtain the indoor conditions – i.e. temperature and relative humidity – that the first level model needs as an input to run. In order to make this study more comprehensive and, at the same time, determine how differently the facade system will perform under different climates, several representative Nordic outdoor climates will be used in the simulations. Climate change, by means of outdoor weather files, was considered, as well as the effect of moisture penetrating in the tested facade system due to air infiltration or even using timber with a high moisture content due to unprotected storage. It is determined that the tested system is able to properly dry the excess of moisture under current and future conditions. However, if the timber is not properly protected from moisture, then the situation is completely different.
Climate Change Effect on Freeze-thaw Load in Finland
Authors: Pakkala Toni A. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Freeze-thaw damage is one of the major degradation mechanisms of climate exposed porous rock-based building materials in existing Finnish building stock. In recent studies, it has been shown that not only the amount of freeze-thaw cycles but especially the amount of wind-driven rain (WDR) before freeze-thaw cycles has a major effect on the rate of freeze-thaw damage in concrete structures. In this study, freeze-thaw cycles after a rain event, the average annual amount of WDR before freeze-thaw cycles and the average amount of WDR before each cycle is calculated in different locations in Finland. The calculations are made for present and projected 2050 and 2080 climates with three greenhouse gas scenarios: RCP2.6, RCP4,5 and RCP8.5. Based on the results, the freeze-thaw load is decreasing in coastal and southern areas and staying at current level or increasing in northern parts of Finland. In addition, the level of freeze-thaw load is getting less direction or geographically dependent. The results strongly indicate that the exposure level might be decreasing in coastal area and southern parts of Finland because both the freeze-thaw cycles and the annual amount of WDR before cycles are decreasing. However, an average amount of WDR before a freeze-thaw cycle is actually increasing and so, the intensity of freeze-thaw attack is not decreasing. Thus, for the future climates freeze-thaw durability of porous rock-based structures should be still emphasised.
Moisture buffer value for hygroscopic materials with different thickness
Authors: Rasmussen Oliver Søndergaard , Qin Menghao 
Published: December 2023

AbstractMoisture buffering is the capacity of hygroscopic building materials or adsorbents to mitigate the humidity fluctuations in the indoor environment through the adsorption/desorption phenomenon. NORDTEST proposed the moisture buffer value to quantitively characterize the moisture buffering capacity of porous materials. Materials with high moisture buffer values have a higher ability to passively control indoor humidity conditions and thus reduce building energy consumption and improve indoor thermal comfort. However, the ideal moisture buffer value theory is based on the assumption that the thickness of the studied materials should exceed the penetration depth of that material. This assumption significantly limits the application of moisture buffer value theory to thin-layer materials, such as textiles, desiccant coating, wallpaper, wood wall panels, etc, which represent a large proportion of moisture buffering in the built environment. In this study, we developed a new numerical model to calculate moisture buffer values for hygroscopic materials with different thicknesses. Experimental measurements were also carried out to validate the solutions. The moisture buffer value of a new kind of desiccant (metal-organic frameworks) under different thicknesses were measured by climatic chamber tests. Simulated results showed agreement with both the measurements and theory. The results indicate that the new moisture buffer value model can be used to find the optimal thickness of desiccant coating or hygroscopic materials for autonomous indoor humidity control.
Development of a fast moisture prediction model based on the moisture buffer value theory
Authors: Zu Kan , Qin Menghao 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Moisture transfer in buildings significantly affects indoor thermal comfort, energy consumption, and durability of construction materials. It is crucial to predict the moisture storage and transfer in building simulations accurately. However, moisture transfer was neglected in many simulation tools for building performance analysis. In those calculation tools, including a moisture model, moisture transfer has been either estimated by simple approximations or calculated by complex combined heat, air, and moisture transfer (HAMT) models that require orders of magnitude more computing time than simple calculations. In this study, a new moisture prediction model with fast solution time and reasonable accuracy was developed based on the moisture buffer value (MBV) theory. The moisture buffer value was initially designed to quantify the moisture buffering ability of porous building materials. Very little research has been conducted to use MBV for calculating building energy performance directly. This paper first studied the MBVs under different boundary conditions (i.e., square wave and harmonic wave variation of vapour content), and then a time-average MBV was proposed. Experiments were carried out to get the parameters for the new FMBM model. Finally, simulation tests were conducted to compare the FMBM model with other moisture prediction models (e.g. EC, EMPD and HAMT models). The results indicate that the FMBM can provide a fast and reasonably accurate solution for indoor moisture prediction.
A three-dimensional steady-state heat and vapour transport model to assess the risk for interstitial condensation in building enclosures
Authors: Langmans Jelle , Houthuys Piet , Roels Staf 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The article presents a practical 3D heat and vapour model to estimate the risk for interstitial condensation in building enclosures. The model is in fact a three-dimensional implementation of the Glaser method. In the first part of this article the modelling assumptions and solution technique are outlined. Next, the model is validated against an example from the literature. The third part of the article zooms in on the applicability of the proposed model in comparison to more complex hygrothermal models. Both the weaknesses and the strengths of the methodology are discussed. This section reviews the circumstances in which the model can be used safely and when a more detailed analysis is preferable. Finally, the article presents an actual case whereby the applicability of the model is demonstrated by making design decisions for the energetic retrofit of a curtain wall system.
Measurement and modelling of the moisture distribution in early-age concrete in the joint of composite beam and hollow core slab
Authors: Sekki P , Raunima T , Vinha J 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The building moisture in concrete can damage the surface material if applied too early before the excess moisture has dried out. The composite beam forms an abnormal structure at the joint of the hollow-core slab, in which the thickness of the structural concrete is almost the thickness of the entire slab. For this reason, the joint of the beam and hollow core slab must be taken into account when assessing the adequate drying of concrete structures. The considered composite beams are steel casing beams, which are casted full of concrete. To achieve a composite structure, there are holes in the sides of the casing, through which moisture from the concrete transfers to the surrounding structure. However, the drying of the concrete inside the beam is significantly limited. The level of relative humidity of the concrete inside the beam remains moderately high for a long time, depending on the quality of the concrete and, consequently, the self-desiccation of the concrete. When using concrete with a low water binder ratio, drying occurs at a level of about 85%RH as a result of self-desiccation. In the study, relative humidity in the joint was measured continuously and with instantaneous measurements. The relative humidity in the joint concrete was also monitored after the surface structure layers were installed. In addition, humidity was measured from below the surface material and continued until equilibrium was reached. The structure was simulated as a 3D model and studied using a concrete material model which takes into account the self-desiccation and the thermal dependence of the sorption. A good agreement was found to describe the effect of temperature changes on the relative humidity of concrete that can be observed in continuous measurement. In addition, a suitable prediction of relative humidity below the surface material can be achieved based on modelled relative humidity distribution before the installation of the surface structure.