bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Systemic attachment theory and therapeutic practice: a proposal
Authors: von Sydow Kirsten 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe fundamentals of attachment theory and family systems theory are outlined in this paper. Theoretical strengths and weaknesses of both approaches are discussed. First, the similarities of both approaches are analysed (focus on family relationships; focus on normal as well as disturbed development; status as metatheoretical perspectives). Then, the differences are outlined (empirical consolidation versus speculative theory development; integration versus abandonment of the concept of ‘personality’; normativity versus non‐normativity; deficit orientation versus resource orientation; dyadic versus triadic view; focus on past and present time versus focus on present and future). Finally, an integrative proposal of a systemic attachment theory is presented. It includes the following main positions: (1) Attachment needs are inborn and of vital importance for humans of all ages. (2) Relationship experiences are internalized and shape the personality. (3) Inner working models of attachment tend to remain stable, but it is possible to change them through new relationship experiences. (4) Attachment can be conceptualized as having an intrapsychic as well as an interpersonal dimension. (5) Internal models and interpersonal relationships influence each other. (6) Focus on normativity and resource orientation. (7) Focus on the present and future, with limited consideration of the past. (8) Sensitivity for losses and ‘inherited trauma’. (9) Triadic view. Research implications (focus on triadic interactions, on inner working models of attachment, and on interrelationships between both) and clinical‐psychotherapeutic implications are derived from this proposal. Bowlby's (1979) recommendations for individual therapy are extended to couples/family therapy and supplemented by a competence‐based basic attitude, flexibility of therapy setting, sensitivity for ‘inherited trauma’ and sensitivity for complex triadic relationships. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Basic bifurcation analysis of a hysteresis oscillator
Authors: Storace Marco , Bizzarri Federico 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis paper carries out a basic bifurcation analysis of a ‘smooth’ version of a recently proposed piecewise‐linear oscillator based on hysteresis. The analysis is made referring mainly to two circuit parameters particularly easy to vary in a laboratory implementation of the circuit. By resorting to both analytical and numerical analyses, some local and global bifurcations of the dynamics of the oscillator are pointed out. The reported results completely agree with PSPICE simulations and experimental measures. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Aligning experimental design with bioinformatics analysis to meet discovery research objectives
Authors: Kane Michael D. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe utility of genomic technology and bioinformatic analytical support to provide new and needed insight into the molecular basis of disease, development, and diversity continues to grow as more research model systems and populations are investigated. Yet deriving results that meet a specific set of research objectives requires aligning or coordinating the design of the experiment, the laboratory techniques, and the data analysis. The following paragraphs describe several important interdependent factors that need to be considered to generate high quality data from the microarray platform. These factors include aligning oligonucleotide probe design with the sample labeling strategy if oligonucleotide probes are employed, recognizing that compromises are inherent in different sample procurement methods, normalizing 2‐color microarray raw data, and distinguishing the difference between gene clustering and sample clustering. These factors do not represent an exhaustive list of technical variables in microarray‐based research, but this list highlights those variables that span both experimental execution and data analysis. Cytometry 47:50–51, 2002. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Interferometry in flow to sort unstained X‐ and Y‐chromosome‐bearing bull spermatozoa
Authors: van Munster Erik B. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackgroundIt was found earlier that the difference in volume between unstained X‐ and Y‐chromosome‐bearing sperm heads could be detected using interference microscopy in visible light. This could be the basis for an alternative to the conventional method to sort X and Y sperm, which uses DNA staining and ultraviolet (UV)‐excitation that may be harmful to sperm cells. A novel technique is introduced combining interferometry with flow cytometry.Materials and MethodsInterference optics were built into an existing flow cytometer/cell sorter and used to sort fresh unstained bull sperm cells on the basis of their head volume. Sorted fractions were stained with a DNA stain, and reanalyzed using the conventional method.ResultsPurities between 60–66% were found in both X‐ and Y‐enriched fractions. It was possible to sort up to 300 cells per second. The system was found to be less sensitive to the orientation of sperm cells than the conventional method.ConclusionsInterferometry can be combined with flow cytometry and used to obtain significantly enriched fractions of X‐ and Y‐bearing sperm without staining and UV light. Sorting speeds and purities at this point, however, are much lower than with the conventional method. Cytometry 47:192–199, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fine‐needle aspiration biopsy of liver masses: Diagnostic value and reproducibility of cytological criteria
Authors: Granados Rosario , Aramburu Jose A. , Murillo Nieves , Camarmo Encarnación , de la Cal Miguel A. , Fernandez‐Segoviano Pilar 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThere are many helpful cytological criteria for the diagnosis of liver fine‐needle aspiration biopsies (FNABs), but none of them are pathognomonic of primary or metastatic tumors. We analyzed the diagnostic value and reproducibility of 28 cytological parameters in FNABs from 140 hepatic masses, including 29 benign lesions, 49 hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs), and 62 metastatic tumors, encompassing 48 adenocarcinomas (ACAs). Five different observers evaluated each sample, and the interobserver and intraobserver agreement was studied. Multivariable analysis showed that the criteria more closely associated with malignancy were irregular nuclear contour, three‐dimensional cell groups, and atypical naked nuclei. Capillaries separating tumor cells and granular cytoplasm were strongly associated with HCCs, while eccentrically placed nuclei and necrosis were most commonly seen in ACAs and in metastatic tumors. The intraobserver and interobserver agreement was excellent for the final cytological diagnosis, and there was fair to very good interobserver agreement for 22 of the 28 criteria studied. Architectural features were less reproducible than pure cytological criteria. Intraobserver variability was not influenced by the years of experience in the field. A precise and strict definition of terminology rendered a better reproducibility of the cytological criteria. Diagn. Cytopathol. 25:365–375, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Intracytoplasmic and intranuclear Reinke's crystals in a testicular Leydig‐cell tumor diagnosed by fine‐needle aspiration cytology: A case report with review of the literature
Authors: Jain M. , Aiyer H.M. , Bajaj P. , Dhar S. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe report on the cytopathologic findings of a Leydig‐cell tumor of the testis in a young adult male with no evidence of endocrine dysfunction. The preoperative diagnosis was based on fine‐needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) alone, which was subsequently confirmed on histopathology. The present case was of interest on account of the paucity of literature regarding the cytodiagnosis of this lesion. In addition, the finding of intracytoplasmic lipofuscin pigment and several intracytoplasmic as well as intranuclear Reinke's crystals served to clinch the diagnosis on FNA. Therefore, the use of FNAC, especially in the presence of diagnostic Reinke's crystals, may vitiate the need for more invasive biopsy procedures in the preoperative diagnosis of testicular Leydig‐cell tumors. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2001;25:162–164. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Antiarrhythmic drug development: Historical review and future perspective
Authors: Pugsley Michael K. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractCardiac ion channels represent the traditional target for antiarrhythmic drug development. Although channel‐selective drugs are effective in treating supraventricular arrhythmias, they are less effective against life‐threatening ventricular arrhythmias, and some are proarrhythmic. Paradoxically, the one exception, amiodarone, which uniquely suppresses ventricular fibrillation without proarrhythmia, is one of the least channel‐selective drugs currently available (and thus has extracardiac side effects). Thus, antiarrhythmic drug development has become becalmed. This review describes the history of antiarrhythmic drug development, considers antiarrhythmic drugs to date, and provides an overview of current novel therapeutic areas of drug development in an attempt to introduce some of the articles contained within this focused issue of Drug Development Research. Models (for preclinical antiarrhythmic drug assessment) and mechanisms (of drug action and arrhythmia suppression) are the themes of this issue. Drug Dev. Res. 55:3–16, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Maternally separated rats show deficits in maternal care in adulthood
Authors: Lovic Vedran , Gonzalez Andrea , Fleming Alison S. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAlthough there is considerable research on the phenomenology, neuroendocrinology, neuroanatomy, and sensory control of maternal behavior, little is known about the influences of early postnatal and postweaning experiences on the development of maternal behavior. The purpose of this study was to assess how early life separation from the mother rat affects development of the offspring's juvenile and adult maternal behavior. From postnatal Days 1 to 17, 3 female rats within each litter were separated (SEP) from the mother and the rest of the litter for 5 hr daily while 3 of their sisters were not maternally separated (NSEP). On postnatal Day 21, all subjects were weaned and randomly assigned to one of three juvenile conditions. One female from both SEP and NSEP groups was either isolated (I), given a social conspecific (S), or given 1‐ to 4‐day‐old pups (P) for 5 consecutive days. Maternal behavior of SEP and NSEP animals was assessed and recorded on each of the 5 days. Once all animals reached adulthood, they were mated, gave birth, and were assessed for their maternal behavior. We found that the effects of maternal separation on juvenile maternal‐like behaviors were minimal. On the other hand, maternal separation reduced adult maternal licking and crouching over pups. In addition, there was a significant interaction between postnatal and juvenile experience on maternal crouching in maternal animals. These results are discussed in terms of the variety of possible behavioral, endocrine, and neurochemical mechanisms that mediate the effects of early life experiences on adult maternal behavior. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 39: 19–33, 2001
Response of adolescent bonnet macaques to an acute fear stimulus as a function of early rearing conditions
Authors: Rosenblum Leonard A. , Forger Caroline , Noland Siobhán , Trost Ronald C. , Coplan Jeremy D. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWhen primate infants are reared during the first half‐year of life in an environment in which their mothers face uncertain requirements for food procurement (variable foraging demand [VFD]), long‐lasting behavioral and neurodevelopmental consequences ensue, including increases in timidity and social subordinance as well as alterations in stress‐related neuroendocrine profiles. We examined the nature and persistence of the effects of VFD rearing by exposing VFD‐reared and normally reared adolescent bonnet macaques to a mild fear‐provoking stimulus 2 years after the end of differential rearing. VFD‐reared subjects at baseline were less gregarious than normally reared monkeys. VFDs also were considerably less responsive to the fear stimulus, and their behavior and affect returned to baseline levels more quickly than normally reared subjects. The extent and persistence of the sequelae of VFD rearing suggest parallels with predisposing factors in human anxiety disorders. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 39: 40–45, 2001
Morphogenetic domains in the yolk syncytial layer of axiating zebrafish embryos
Authors: D'Amico Leonard A. , Cooper Mark S. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe yolk syncytial layer (YSL) of the teleostean yolk cell is known to play important roles in the induction of cellular mesendoderm, as well as the patterning of dorsal tissues. To determine how this extraembryonic endodermal compartment is subdivided and morphologically transformed during early development, we have examined collective movements of vitally stained YSL nuclei in axiating zebrafish embryos by using four‐dimensional confocal microscopy. During blastulation, gastrulation, and early segmentation, zebrafish YSL nuclei display several highly patterned movements, which are organized into spatially distinct morphogenetic domains along the anterior‐posterior and dorsal‐ventral axes. During the late blastula period, with the onset of epiboly, nuclei throughout the YSL initiate longitudinal movements that are directed along the animal‐vegetal axis. As epiboly progresses, nuclei progressively recede from the advancing margin of the epibolic YSL. However, a small group of nuclei is retained at the YSL margin to form a constricting blastoporal ring. During mid‐gastrulation, YSL nuclei undergo convergent‐extension behavior toward the dorsal midline, with a subset of nuclei forming an axial domain that underlies the notochord. These highly patterned movements of YSL nuclei share remarkable similarities to the morphogenetic movements of deep cells in the overlying zebrafish blastoderm. The macroscopic shape changes of the zebrafish yolk cell, as well as the morphogenetic movements of its YSL nuclei, are homologous to several morphogenetic behaviors that are regionally expressed within the vegetal endodermal cell mass of gastrulating Xenopus embryos. In contrast to the cellular endoderm of Xenopus, the dynamics of zebrafish YSL show that a syncytial endodermal germ layer can express a temporal sequence of morphogenetic domains without undergoing progressive steps of cell fate restriction. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hepatocyte growth factor is essential for migration of myogenic cells and promotes their proliferation during the early periods of tongue morphogenesis in mouse embryos
Authors: Amano Osamu , Yamane Akira , Shimada Mayumi , Koshimizu Uichi , Nakamura Toshikazu , Iseki Shoichi 
Published: August 2002

AbstractTemporal and spatial occurrence of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and its cognate receptor c‐Met in the mouse mandibular development was investigated by immunohistochemistry and quantitative reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction. HGF was first recognized in the mesenchymal cells of the first branchial arch at the 10th day of gestation (E10), before tongue formation, whereas HGF receptor (c‐Met) ‐positive myogenic cells first appeared at E11 in the center of mandibles. By E12, HGF turned to be colocalized with c‐Met in the differentiating tongue myoblasts. Between E14 and E16, HGF disappeared, whereas c‐Met remained, in the tongue myoblasts. The levels of HGF mRNA in the developing tongue decreased in accordance with the increase of desmin mRNA levels from E11 to E17. These in vivo results strongly suggest that the HGF/c‐Met system takes part in the earlier stages of tongue development. To elucidate this hypothesis, the antisense oligodeoxyribonucleotide (A‐ODN) for mouse HGF mRNA was added to the organ culture system of mandible with serumless, defined medium. Mandibular arches from E10 mouse embryos were cultured at 37°C for 10 days in the absence or presence of A‐ODN, control (sense) oligonucleotide (C‐ODN), or A‐ODN plus recombinant HGF. In the control mandibular explants cultured without HGF or ODN, the anterior two‐third of the tongue derived from the first branchial arch was formed. It contained abundant desmin‐positive myoblasts and was equivalent to the tongue of E14–E15. In contrast, in the presence of A‐ODN in the medium, neither the swelling nor myogenic cells were found in the tongue‐forming region of explants, and myogenic cells accumulated behind the tongue‐forming region. Such dysplasia of tongue was never induced in the presence of C‐ODN or A‐ODN plus recombinant HGF in the medium. The effect of A‐ODN appeared to be developmental stage‐specific, because tongue dysplasia occurred when A‐ODN was present during the earlier 4 days but not during the later 4 days of the culture. Furthermore, recombinant HGF added to the culture without ODNs during the earlier 4 days caused elevation in the number of mitotic myoblasts. These results suggest that HGF regulates both the migration and proliferation of myogenic cells during the earlier stages of tongue development. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Chewing and spitting out food among eating‐disordered patients
Authors: Kovacs Dora , Mahon Jennifer , Palmer Robert L. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractObjectiveThe symptom of chewing and spitting out food (CHSP) is fairly common among patients with eating disorders. The purpose of this study is to examine the associations of the symptom in patients with eating disorders.MethodPatients who reported CHSP were compared with those who did not. The relationship between CHSP and other symptoms was assessed by logistic regression analysis.ResultsCHSP was found in 22% of patients. Patients with anorexia nervosa and eating disorder not otherwise specified who reported CHSP showed more severe eating‐related pathology. This was not so for bulimia nervosa patients with CHSP who differed only in reporting greater distortion of body image. Binging was not related to CHSP in any of the diagnostic groups.DiscussionCHSP is a common symptom in all groups of patients with eating disorders. The symptom may serve different functions for different patients, depending on diagnosis. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 32: 112–115, 2002.
A stability criterion for nonlinear oscillations in power systems by Hopf bifurcation theory
Authors: Amano Hiroyuki , Kumano Teruhisa , Inoue Toshio , Taniguchi Haruhito 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA stability criterion for nonlinear oscillations in power systems is proposed. It consists of calculation of a limit cycle by application of Hopf bifurcation theory and nonlinear transformation of the coordinates using invariant manifolds. The proposed method is verified in a single‐machine infinite bus system. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 139(4): 1–8, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.10008
A study of the field utilization factor and the maximum electric field at sparkover of the standard sphere gaps
Authors: Nishikori Yasuo , Kojima Soji , Kouno Teruya 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe field utilization factor η (the mean electric field/the maximum electric field) of the standard sphere gaps was calculated by the charge simulation method, taking into account the ground plane and shanks. A simple equation: η = 1 − (g/3r), where g is the gap length and r is the radius of a sphere, can be used generally as a representative value of η, although it changes by the length and the diameter of shanks in the range permitted by the IEC standard. The maximum electric field at sparkover of a standard sphere gap describes a U‐shaped curve against (g/r), up to the diameter of 1 m. Peek's equation characterizes that the right‐hand side of the curve is almost constant. However, the effect of the ground and the shanks makes η smaller and the part of the curve is rather expressed as monotonously increasing. The curves of the maximum electric field of diameters 1.5 and 2 m are different from U‐form. The curve for a 1.5‐m sphere has its maximum point at g = 60 cm, and for a 2‐m sphere, at 50 cm. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 139(4): 26–32, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.1165
The implementation of international nature conservation agreements in Europe: the case of the Netherlands
Authors: Bennett Graham , Ligthart Saskia 
Published: August 2002

AbstractNature conservation policy in European countries is increasingly determined by the requirements of a wide range of international agreements. The most important are two EU directives (the Birds Directive and the Habitats Directive) and four conventions (the Ramsar Convention, the Bern Convention, the Bonn Convention and the UN Convention on Biological Diversity). The main foci of these instruments are habitats and species that are of international importance or require international cooperation to secure their effective conservation. Despite the importance of these habitats and species, implementation of the instruments has been uneven. The Netherlands provides a interesting example of implementation issues. The legislation necessary to enable the government to legally designate areas that have to be protected under the Birds Directive was only adopted in 1998, 17 years after the deadline fixed by the directive. This legislation has enabled the government to nominate areas for designation under the Birds and Habitats Directive. However, not all the sites that fall under the criteria of the Directives have been included in the list, and the legislation does not include the required provision concerning compensation for areas that are protected under the Habitats Directive and then damaged by activities that are authorized in the public interest. In the case of the Ramsar Convention, the government is planning to increase the number of designated sites, but the total number of sites will still represent inadequately the types of wetland of international importance that are found in the Netherlands. Despite this uneven implementation, the instruments – particularly the EU Directives – are having far‐reaching effects on nature conservation in Europe. The most important consequences are that ecological considerations are the sole and absolute criteria for determining whether a site should be protected under the EU Directives and that many areas that until now only enjoyed limited protection under the spatial planning system now have to be legally protected from virtually all forms of damage. However, in practice many development plans take only limited account of the biodiversity conservation requirements implied by international conventions. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. and ERP Environment
The use of socio‐economic and environmental indicators in assessing the effectiveness of EU agri‐environmental policy
Authors: Wilson Geoff A. , Buller Henry 
Published: August 2002

AbstractSince the mid‐1980s, ‘indicators’ have been increasingly suggested as a possible means to evaluate the effectiveness of various policy mechanisms. In this paper, we shed some critical light on the use of indicators, by investigating in detail the advantages and disadvantages of using the indicator approach in the assessment of agri‐environmental policy effectiveness in the European Union. We review the theoretical and conceptual bases of the indicator approach, highlighting the complexity of identifying appropriate indicators and the difficulties in identifying means to ‘measure’ them. We analyse four levels of indicators (uptake, output, actor‐related and procedural indicators), and argue that, while indicators continue to have a central role to play in the evaluation of European agri‐environmental policy, that role is essentially limited and the notion of what constitutes an indicator needs to be thoroughly re‐examined. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.