bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Saccharomyces cerevisiae‐derived HBsAg preparations differ in their attachment to monocytes, immune‐suppressive potential, and T‐cell immunogenicity
Authors: Vanlandschoot Peter , Van Houtte Freya , Hoek Frans , Nieuwland Rienk , Leroux‐Roels Geert 
Published: June 2003

AbstractExpression of the hepatitis B virus S protein results in the formation of a lipoprotein particle, the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). Such particles, produced in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, bind to the cell surface of monocytes through interaction with the lipopolysaccharide binding protein and the lipopolysaccharide receptor, CD14. This attachment is suggested to depend on the presence of charged phospholipids in the particles. In addition, such particles interfere with the lipopolysaccharide and interleukin‐2‐induced activation of monocytes. In the present study, it is reported that of three Saccharomyces cerevisiae‐derived HBsAg preparations, two have a reduced capacity to bind to monocytes. A correlation with a reduced potential to inhibit the lipopolysaccharide‐induced activation of monocytes and an increased potential to stimulate HBsAg‐specific T‐cell proliferation is observed. Surprisingly, differences in phospholipid content that might explain these observations, were not detected. J. Med. Virol. 70:513–519, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Influence of hepatitis B virus genotypes on the development of preS deletions and advanced liver disease
Authors: Sugauchi Fuminaka , Ohno Tomoyoshi , Orito Etsuro , Sakugawa Hiroshi , Ichida Takafumi , Komatsu Masafumi , Kuramitsu Tomoyuki , Ueda Ryuzo , Miyakawa Yuzo , Mizokami Masashi 
Published: June 2003

AbstractHepatitis B virus (HBV) mutants with deletions in the preS region have not been evaluated for association with viral genotypes. In a case‐control study, HBV DNA samples collected from 80 each of carriers infected with HBV genotype B or C were examined for preS deletions. PreS deletion mutants were found in a total of 37 of 160 (23%) HBV carriers. Carriers with preS deletion mutants were older (56.0 ± 12.7 vs 49.3 ± 16.9 years, P < 0.05), were infected more frequently with HBV genotype C (84% vs 40%, P < 0.05), and had more advanced disease, such as liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (54% vs 31%; P < 0.05), than did those without such mutants. In a multivariate analysis, genotype C (odds ratio [OR] = 9.3, P < 0.001) and advanced liver disease (OR = 3.1, P < 0.01) were the most significant variables in association with preS deletions. A direct repeat sequence (TCAGG) was found at the start or at the end of preS1 deletions in 6 of the 20 (30%) cases examined, and preS2 deletions in these cases were clustered over the 5′‐terminal half of this region. These results indicate that the development of preS deletion mutants depends on HBV genotypes and that it may be associated with progressive liver disease. J. Med. Virol. 70:537–544, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expression of the chemokine IP‐10 correlates with the accumulation of hepatic IFN‐γ and IL‐18 mRNA in chronic hepatitis C but not in hepatitis B
Authors: Mihm Sabine , Schweyer Stefan , Ramadori Giuliano 
Published: June 2003

AbstractThe pathogenesis of hepatitis C virus‐induced chronic liver disease is still poorly understood. Previous studies revealed enhanced hepatic expression of the Th1 prototype cytokine IFN‐γ in individuals with chronic hepatitis C. In accordance with several animal models of experimentally induced hepatitis, a Th1 lymphocyte driven inflammatory process, which involves newly infiltrated as well as resident monocytes/macrophages, has been proposed. An involvement of the interferon‐γ‐inducible chemokine IP‐10, which is chemoattractive for stimulated Th1 cells and monocytes, is also suggested. Using an HBV transgenic mouse model, a reduction of hepatic infiltration and liver disease was achieved recently by administration of antibodies directed against the interferon‐γ‐inducible chemokine Mig and against IP‐10. In the present study, expression of IP‐10 was investigated both in serum and in the liver of patients with chronic hepatitis C and hepatitis B. Patients with liver diseases of non‐viral etiologies served as controls. IP‐10 expression was highest in hepatitis C. In chronic hepatitis C, but not in chronic hepatitis B nor in liver disorders unrelated to viral infections, IP‐10 expression was strongly correlated with the amount of transcripts for IFN‐γ and to the amount of transcripts for the constitutively expressed macrophage derived cytokine IL‐18. Hepatic inflammatory activity, however, was found to be associated more closely with IFN‐γ than with IP‐10 or IL‐18 mRNA expression. The data support the hypothesis that IP‐10 is responsible for the recruitment of Th cells and monocytes in chronic hepatitis C, and suggest that its role in chronic hepatitis B is less determining. Moreover, they deliver additional support for the view that IFN‐γ still has to be considered as a mediator that determines the outcome of inflammation, e.g., via its ability to activate IL‐18 expressing cells and to initiate a delayed type hypersensitivity reaction. J. Med. Virol. 70:562–570, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Distribution of hepatitis B virus in the liver of chronic hepatitis C patients with occult hepatitis B virus infection
Authors: Rodríguez‐Iñigo Elena , Mariscal Luisa , Bartolomé Javier , Castillo Inmaculada , Navacerrada Cristina , Ortiz‐Movilla Nuria , Pardo Margarita , Carreño Vicente 
Published: June 2003

AbstractAlthough occult hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection (HBV‐DNA in serum in the absence of hepatitis B surface antigen [HBsAg]) is common in chronic hepatitis C, its characteristics are not well known. In this work, the presence of HBV‐DNA (by polymerase chain reaction; PCR) and its distribution (by in situ hybridization) in liver biopsies and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 32 patients with chronic hepatitis C and occult HBV infection and in 20 HBsAg chronic carriers were determined. The results showed that serum HBV‐DNA levels were statistically lower (P = 0.001) in patients with occult HBV infection than in HBsAg chronic carriers. The HBV infection pattern in liver cells was identical between patients with occult HBV infection and those with chronic hepatitis B. However, the mean percentage of HBV‐infected hepatocytes was significantly lower (P = 0.001) in patients with occult HBV infection (5 ± 4.44%) than in HBsAg chronic carriers (17.99 ± 11.58%). All patients with chronic hepatitis B have HBV‐DNA in their PBMCs while this occurred in 50% of the cases with occult HBV infection. In conclusion, patients with occult HBV infection have a low number of HBV‐infected hepatocytes and this fact could explain the lack of HBsAg detection and low viremia levels found in these cases. J. Med. Virol. 70:571–580, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Factors predisposing to the occurrence of cryoglobulinemia in two cohorts of Egyptian and Japanese patients with chronic hepatitis C infection: Ethnic and genotypic influence
Authors: Gad Amal , Tanaka Eiji , Matsumoto Akihiro , el‐Hamid Serwah Abd , Ali Khalil , Makledy Fathy , el‐Gohary Ahmed , Orii Koji , Ijima Akihiro , Rokuhara Akinori , Yoshizawa Kaname , Nooman Zohair , Kiyosawa Kendo 
Published: June 2003

AbstractThe association between cryoglobulinemia and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection has been reported. However, the factors underlying its wide variation of occurrence have not yet been well identified. To investigate this, cryoglobulinemia was studied in four cohorts of Egyptian and Japanese patients. Fifty Egyptian patients with chronic hepatitis C, infected with genotype 4 (the predominant HCV genotype in Egypt), were compared with 50 age‐ and sex‐matched Japanese patients, infected with HCV genotype 1b (the predominant HCV genotype in Japan). Thirty‐two Egyptian and 30 age‐ and sex‐matched Japanese patients with chronic hepatitis B were included as controls. All patients were noncirrhotic. Antinuclear antibody (ANA), immunoglobulins (Ig), and cryoglubulins were assessed. Results showed a significantly higher prevalence of cryoglobulinemia in chronic hepatitis C Japanese genotype 1b (40%) as compared with Egyptian genotype 4 (14%), P = 0.003, while no difference was found between Japanese (17%) and Egyptian chronic hepatitis B controls (13%). Symptomatic cryoglobulinemia was more prevalent in the Japanese than in the Egyptian chronic hepatitis C group (10% vs. 4%), but the difference was not statistically significant. Univariate analysis showed no association between cryoglobulinemia and either age, sex, alanine aminotransferase level, or HCV viral load in Japanese or Egyptian patients, while the mean IgM level was significantly higher in the cryoglobulin‐positive than in the cryoglobulin‐negative chronic hepatitis C patients in each group (P = 0.003 and 0.017, respectively). Cryoglobulinemia was found to be significantly associated with both high IgG level (P = 0.020), and positive ANA (P < 0.001) in Japanese patients with chronic hepatitis C, genotype 1b but not in Egyptians with genotype 4. Multivariate analysis showed that the only factors predisposing to cryoglobulinemia were Japanese ethnicity with HCV genotype1b (P = 0.002, OR = 2.56), high IgM level of >245 mg/dl (P = 0.018, OR = 2.05) and female gender (P = 0.040, OR = 1/0.66). In conclusion, cryoglobulinemia is prevalent in Japanese patients with chronic hepatitis C infected with genotype 1b, but cryoglobulinemia is not common in Egyptians with HCV genotype 4. Although it was not possible to evaluate ethnicity and HCV genotype separately in this study, HCV genotype 1b appears to predispose more to cryoglobulinemia than does genotype 4. Female gender and high serum IgM level were also related. J. Med. Virol. 70:594–599, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Coxsackievirus B3 sequences in the blood of a neonate with congenital myocarditis, plus serological evidence of maternal infection
Authors: Bendig Justin W.A. , Franklin Orla M. , Hebden Anna K. , Backhouse Patricia J. , Clewley Jonathan P. , Goldman Alan P. , Piggott Nick 
Published: June 2003

AbstractA fatal case of myocarditis in a neonate is described. The clinical features were evident at birth, and enteroviral RNA was detected in the blood of the baby on the day of birth and again 10 days later by a generic enterovirus nested reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) assay. The enterovirus RNA was subsequently retested by a separate, newly developed nested RT‐PCR assay yielding a PCR product within the VP1 coding region suitable for sequencing. Identical 239‐base pair sequences were obtained from the RNA of the two blood samples and this sequence most closely resembled coxsackievirus B3 (94% identity). The baby's mother was pyrexial immediately postpartum and an early antenatal serum and a serum sample collected 10 days postpartum tested in parallel for enterovirus IgM antibody showed negative to strong‐positive seroconversion. Infection of the mother was the likely primary event with in utero transfer of the virus to the fetus in the last few days of pregnancy. Neonatal blood is a valuable specimen for enterovirus diagnosis by RT‐PCR. A newly developed nested RT‐PCR assay was successful in typing the enterovirus from stored RNA extracted directly from the blood samples. Serology for enterovirus IgM antibody can be useful for convalescent diagnosis of enterovirus infection in the mother, especially with earlier serum for comparison. J. Med. Virol. 70:606–609, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Tissue plasminogen activator induced by dengue virus infection of human endothelial cells
Authors: Huang Ying‐Huey , Lei Huan‐Yao , Liu Hsiao‐Sheng , Lin Yee‐Shin , Chen Shun‐Hua , Liu Ching‐Chuan , Yeh Trai‐Ming 
Published: June 2003

AbstractDengue hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome (DHF/DSS) are severe complications of dengue virus (DV) infection. However, the pathogenesis of hemorrhage induced by dengue virus infection is poorly understood. Since endothelial cells play a pivotal role in the regulation of hemostasis, we studied the effect of DV infection on the production of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI‐1) in vitro using both primary isolated endothelial cells, human umbilical cord veins cells, and a human microvascular endothelial cell line. DV infection significantly induced the secretion of tPA but not PAI‐1 of human endothelial cells. In addition, tPA mRNA of endothelial cells was induced by DV as demonstrated by RT‐PCR. Antibody against IL‐6 but not control antibody inhibited DV‐induced tPA production of endothelial cells. Furthermore, a good correlation between sera levels of IL‐6 and tPA was found in DHF but not DF patients. These results suggest that IL‐6 can regulate DV‐induced tPA production of endothelial cells, which may play important roles in the pathogenic development of DHF/DSS. J. Med. Virol. 70:610–616, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Latent and lytic HHV‐8 mRNA expression in PBMCs and Kaposi's sarcoma skin biopsies of AIDS Kaposi's sarcoma patients
Authors: Polstra Abeltje M. , Goudsmit Jaap , Cornelissen Marion 
Published: June 2003

AbstractHuman herpes virus 8 (HHV‐8) is associated with all clinical forms of Kaposi's sarcoma. HHV‐8 DNA is present in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies and is observed regularly in saliva and less consistently in blood of Kaposi's sarcoma patients. The expression pattern of latent (ORF 73) and lytic (vGCR, vBcl‐2, and vIL‐6) HHV‐8 mRNA was studied in peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) samples and Kaposi's sarcoma skin biopsies from 11 AIDS Kaposi's sarcoma patients with four different nucleic acid sequence‐based amplification (NASBA) assays. Patients were divided into groups according to the clinical stage of Kaposi's sarcoma (stage I–IV). All biopsies were positive for two or more of the mRNA measured. No clear difference could be seen in the expression pattern in the lesions of the different clinical stages. In the corresponding PBMC samples, very little or no mRNA was measurable in the patients with Kaposi's sarcoma stage I or II, whereas patients with more advanced Kaposi's sarcoma (stage III or IV) had more detectable mRNA in the PBMCs. Thus, the HHV‐8 DNA load in the PBMCs increases in more advanced Kaposi's sarcoma, as does the frequency of mRNA detection in PBMCs. J. Med. Virol. 70:624–627, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
H1 genotype of measles virus was detected in outbreaks in Japan after 2000
Authors: Zhou Jianhui , Fujino Motoko , Inou Youko , Kumada Atsushi , Aoki Yasuko , Iwata Satoshi , Nakayama Tetsuo 
Published: June 2003

AbstractWe investigated the molecular epidemiology and biological characteristics of wild measles viruses isolated since 1984 in Japan. The circulating measles virus was of genotype C1 before 1985, D3 from 1987 to 1990, and D5 from 1990 to 1997. It was replaced by the same cluster of Chicago‐type D3 strain from 1997 to 1999. In 2000, D5 recirculated with sporadic cases caused by genotype H1. The H1 genotype became dominant in 2001 with a minor distribution of D5. No significant difference was observed in neutralizing titers against C1, D3, D5, and H1 when we used sera having high neutralizing titers. However, some D3 and H1 strains were not completely neutralized with low levels of neutralizing antibody, and maintaining high levels of measles antibodies would be required for the control measles outbreaks. J. Med. Virol. 70:642–648, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The structural evolution of the English Channel area
Authors: Lagarde J. L. , Amorese D. , Font M. , Laville E. , Dugué O. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractThe structural evolution of the English Channel area is controlled by structure and particularly by the pre‐existing Cadomian and Variscan crustal discontinuities, which have been reactivated repeatedly in post‐Variscan times. They controlled the crustal subsidence that produced basin development in the Mesozoic, prior to the sea‐floor spreading in the North Atlantic region. They were then reactivated during the Cenozoic compression and basin inversion. The English Channel development is ascribed to mid‐Tertiary differential uplift (Oligocene to Miocene). During late Tertiary to Quaternary times the Channel displays characteristics of a tectonically controlled fluvial basin periodically invaded by the sea. At the lithospheric scale, the Channel can be considered as an active intraplate area influenced by the NW–SE ‘Alpine push’, the NW–SE ‘Atlantic ridge push’ and glacial rebound stresses. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Pliocene to Early Pleistocene marine to fluviatile succession of the Seuil du Cotentin basins (Armorican Massif, Normandy, France)
Authors: Dugué Olivier 
Published: June 2003

AbstractMarine and fluvial Plio‐Pleistocene deposits of the Seuil du Cotentin, western Normandy range in age from Late Pliocene to Early Pleistocene. They are preserved in small Cenozoic grabens and are divided into six new formations based on lithology, granulometry, sedimentary structures and associated fossils. The depositional environments of these formations change from marine to fluviatile and represent two transgression–regression cycles. This paper outlines the detailed stratigraphical relationships of the western Normandy Plio‐Pleistocene succession and discusses its correlation with the adjacent eastern area in the Seine River valley (France), in Cornwall and in the southern North Sea basin (East Anglia, Belgium, The Netherlands). Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pleistocene marine and periglacial deposits of the English Channel
Authors: Bates Martin R. , Keen David H. , Lautridou Jean‐Pierre 
Published: June 2003

AbstractThe Pleistocene marine and associated periglacial deposits of the coasts of southern England from Cornwall to Sussex, the British Channel Islands, and northern France from Brittany and Normandy to the Pas de Calais are described. The deposition of almost all marine deposits is ascribed to temperate conditions, although large igneous erratic boulders may have been emplaced by shore‐ice rafting at the end or beginning of cold stages. The balance of the evidence from a variety of dating methods including U‐series dating, amino‐acid geochronology and biostratigraphy of associated terrestrial formations indicates that deposits of the last three pre‐Holocene temperate marine oxygen isotope stages (stages 9, 7 and substage 5e) can readily be identified along much of both coastlines of the Channel. Deposits attributable to stages 11 and 13 are uncommon and best seen in the staircase of marine terraces backing the Hampshire–Sussex coastal plain and perhaps in western Brittany and the Boulonnais. The height above modern sea‐level of the marine deposits is thought to be the result of slow uplift of the coastal zone caused by the isostatic response to sediment unloading during accelerated phases of erosion in cold stages, although deep‐seated tectonics also may have been partly responsible for uplift. However, the height above modern sea‐level of a deposit alone is not on its own an indicator of age.Periglacial head deposits are mainly exposed along the coasts, with the sections showing frost shattered debris moved downslope by cryoreptation (frost‐creep). The age of these deposits is uncertain, although they appear to be principally of marine oxygen isotope stages 4 and 2 in age. Some remnants of marine oxygen isotope stage 6 or 8 head deposits are present both in England and northern France. In a few places with good dating control, head deposits dating to the marine oxygen isotope stage 12 can be recognised. The age of the head deposits in most sections is based on their stratigraphical relationship with loess, palaeosols and on the dating of the underlying raised beaches. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Recent advances in the understanding of Quaternary periglacial features of the English Channel coastlands
Authors: Murton Julian B. , Lautridou Jean‐Pierre 
Published: June 2003

AbstractRecent advances in the understanding of Quaternary periglaciation of the English Channel coastlands concern laboratory modelling of periglacial processes, dating of periglacial sediments and the distribution of permafrost during marine oxygen isotope stage (MOIS) 2. Modelling studies have successfully simulated (i) ice segregation in chalk in artificial permafrost, (ii) periglacial solifluction of natural slope sediments, and (iii) soft‐sediment deformation during thaw of ice‐rich soil. The resultant structures and deposits in these experiments have similarities with naturally brecciated chalk, solifluction deposits and involutions, respectively, along the English Channel coastlands, providing insights into their genesis and palaeoenvironmental significance.Dating of periglacial sediments is based on radiocarbon assays of organic material in head deposits, luminescence measurements of loess and coversand, and mammalian biostratigraphy in raised‐beach and associated slope deposits. Most age estimates fall within MOIS 2, although some are within MOIS 6 and possibly other cold stages.Maps reconstructing the distribution of permafrost during MOIS 2 vary in detail. The precise distribution of permafrost remains to be established owing to problems of (i) imprecise dating in the context of climatic instability, (ii) uncertain palaeoclimatic significance of particular periglacial structures and (iii) sparse data on the age and distribution of relict periglacial features.The wider significance of periglacial processes to the evolution of the Channel coastlands is speculated to involve rapid valley development by flowing water in areas of moist, frost‐susceptible bedrock that has been brecciated by ice segregation. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Neogene and Quaternary Clay‐with‐flints north and south of the English Channel: comparisons of distribution, age, genetic processes and geodynamics
Authors: Quesnel Florence , Catt John , Laignel Benoît , Bourdillon Chantal , Meyer Robert 
Published: June 2003

AbstractWeathered residual accumulations termed Clay‐with‐flints (Argiles à silex) overlying Cretaceous deposits are widespread in southern England and northwestern France. Geological and pedological studies and some field surveys indicate their distribution, nature, age and origin. In France, the microfaunas preserved in the hollow flints of the Clay‐with‐flints demonstrate the preservation of the parent Chalk stratigraphy in the sections studied, i.e. the Clay‐with‐flints corresponds to in situ weathering profiles. However, in England and in France, an important part of the clay component is derived from a thin veneer of basal Tertiary sediment overlying sub‐Tertiary marine erosion surfaces of various Palaeogene transgressions. In England as in France, the youngest generation of Clay‐with‐flints can be dated from Late Pliocene to Quaternary. It formed after removal of different Cenozoic deposits on many plateaus and during the downcutting of Pleistocene rivers. The most visible effect of subsequent weathering profile development is irregular dissolution of the underlying Chalk to produce deep karstic pipes into which the Clay‐with‐flints has slumped; other pedological processes include rubification, clay illuviation and cryoturbation. Clay‐with‐flints also provides evidence of Quaternary palaeoenvironments, Cenozoic continental palaeosurfaces, and their vertical deformation. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.