bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Variation in surface texture measurements
Authors: Macdonald Warren , Campbell Patricia , Fisher John , Wennerberg Ann 
Published: April 2004

AbstractSurface texture influences cellular response to implants, implant wear, and fixation, yet measurement and reporting of surface texture can be confusing and ambiguous. Seven specimens of widely different surface textures were submitted to three internationally renowned laboratories for surface texture characterization. The specimens were from dental implants, orthopedic implants, and femoral heads. Areas to be measured were clearly marked; simplified instructions were supplied but specific measurement parameters were not requested. Techniques used included contact profilometry, two‐ and three‐dimensional laser profilometry, and atomic force microscopy. Four to thirteen parameters were reported, 2D or 3D, including Ra or Sa; only three were common to all centers. The results varied by as much as ±300–1000%, depending on technique and surface type. Some surfaces were not measurable by some techniques. One dental implant surface was reported with Ra of 0.17, 0.85, 1.9, and 4.4 μm. The CoCr femoral head ranged from an Ra of 0.011 to 0.10 μm; the zirconia head from 0.006 to 0.05 μm. Similar variability was reported for the other parameters. Useful surface texture characterization requires reporting of all measurement parameters. Comparisons between studies may be compromised if differences in technique are not considered. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 70B: 262–269, 2004
Theoretical study on the mechanism of the 1CHCl + NO2 reactions
Authors: Zhang Jia‐Xu , Liu Jing‐Yao , Li Ze‐Sheng , Sun Chia‐Chung 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe radical‐molecule reaction mechanism of 1CHCl with NO2 has been explored theoretically at the B3LYP/6‐311G(d, p) and CCSD(T)/6‐311G(d, p) (single‐point) levels of theory. Thirteen minimum isomers and 29 transition states are located. The initial association between 1CHCl and NO2 proceeds most likely through the carbon‐to‐middle‐nitrogen attack leading to an energy‐rich adduct a (HClCNO2), which is found to be a barrierless process. Staring from a, the most feasible channel is to undergo a concerted O‐shift and CN bond rupture leading to product P2 (NO + HClCO). The minor product pathways are the direct O‐extrusion of a to P3 (O + HClCNO‐cis) as well as the 1,3‐H‐shift of a to isomer b (ClCNOOH) followed by a concerted OH‐shift leading to d (HOClCNO), which will dissociate to product P8 (NO + ClCOH) via CN cleavage. Because the transition states and isomers involved in the most feasible channel all lie below the reactants, the title reaction is expected to be rapid, as is consistent with the measured rate constant at 296 K. The comparison with the analogous reactions 3CH2 + NO2 are discussed. The present study may be useful for further experimental investigation of the title reaction. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 25: 1184–1190, 2004
Pleomorphic sarcoma of the adult urinary bladder: Sonographic findings
Authors: Hama Yukihiro , Okizuka Hiromi , Kusano Shoichi 
Published: April 2004

AbstractSarcomas with muscular differentiation (eg, rhabdomyosarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, pleomorphic sarcoma) are uncommon in the adult urinary bladder. We report the sonographic findings in a case of pleomorphic sarcoma with muscular differentiation arising from the bladder dome that mimicked urachal carcinoma; findings of correlative imaging are also discussed. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 32:215–217, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI: 10.1002/jcu.20011
A rare anomalous origin of right vertebral artery: Findings on doppler sonography
Authors: Yanik Bahar , Conkbayir Işik , Keyik Bahri , Hekimoglu Baki 
Published: April 2004

AbstractAnomalous origin of the right vertebral artery from the right common carotid artery occurs rarely. To the best of our knowledge, the medical literature contains no information about gray‐scale and Doppler sonography findings in this anomaly, despite the extensive information available from angiographic studies and postmortem examinations. We present the case of a 32‐year‐old man who suffered from a sudden onset of hemiparesis on the left side. Doppler sonography revealed a partial thrombosis in the proximal part of right common carotid artery. The right vertebral artery was shown to originate from the proximal part of the right common carotid artery. The right vertebral artery was patent. Thus, the use of color Doppler sonography can aid in the diagnosis of some vascular anomalies. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 32:211–214, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI: 10.1002/jcu.20013
Cardiothoracic ratio in the first half of pregnancy
Authors: Tongsong Theera , Tatiyapornkul Teerapong 
Published: April 2004

AbstractPurposeThe present study was conducted to establish the nomogram of fetal cardiothoracic (C/T) ratio in the first half of normal pregnancies (eg, 11–20 weeks of gestation), using conventional sonographic techniques.MethodsTwo hundred thirty‐eight normal pregnant women enrolled in our prenatal care were recruited into this study. All the patients had singleton fetuses whose gestational age could be accurately determined by the patient's last menstrual period and sonographic measurements. All the newborns were proven to be normal at birth. The sonographic measurements used to calculate the C/T ratio were obtained from axial scans at the level of the four‐chamber view. All measurements were made by the same examiner using a single high‐resolution machine.ResultsA total of 238 C/T ratio measurements were made. The mean C/T ratio values increased slightly with gestational age, rising from 0.38 at 11 weeks to 0.45 at 20 weeks. The mean C/T value at each gestational week was never greater than 0.50, and no fetus had a C/T ratio greater than 0.50 at 11–15 weeks of gestation. The means and 5th, 50th, and 95th percentiles of the C/T ratio were calculated for each week of gestation and the nomogram was established.ConclusionsCalculation of the C/T ratio is a simple, reliable, reproducible, and time‐efficient means of assessing the size of the fetal heart. By comparing the C/T ratio with the normal values presented here, physicians should be able to more easily identify cases of cardiomegaly early in their patients' pregnancies. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 32:186–189, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI: 10.1002/jcu.20014
Second‐generation tetracycline‐regulatable promoter: repositioned tet operator elements optimize transactivator synergy while shorter minimal promoter offers tight basal leakiness
Authors: Agha‐Mohammadi Siamak , O'Malley Mark , Etemad Abrak , Wang Zhong , Xiao Xiao , Lotze Michael T. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractBackgroundThe tetracycline‐regulatable system is one of the most valuable tools for controlling gene expression. In its current form, however, the system is less than ideal for in vivo or gene therapy uses due to difficulties in set‐up procedures, high basal leakiness, and unpredictable delivery and efficiency.MethodsTo address these issues, we have devised a second generation of tetracycline‐regulated promoters (TREs). The second‐generation TRE (SG‐TRE) contains a shortened cytomegalovirus (CMV) minimal promoter together with eight tet operator sequences positioned in an optimized manner upstream of the TATA box. This construct displays far greater reduction in basal leakiness than maximal transgene expression. Conversely, maximal transgene expression is increased to a greater degree than basal leakiness by post‐translational stabilization with bovine growth hormone poly A.ResultsIn transient studies, the SG‐TRE displays over 100 000‐fold regulation efficiency in HeLa cells at 1:1 ratio of transactivator to reporter plasmid in the Tet‐Off system. This novel promoter achieves a regulation efficiency 500‐ to 1000‐fold higher than that of the original TRE (PhCMV*‐1) in HeLa cells by displaying undetectable levels of basal leakiness without compromised maximal expression. In other cell lines, the SG‐TRE proves to be more efficient than the original PhCMV*‐1 in a cell‐dependent manner. Furthermore, the SG‐TRE preserves its enhanced regulation efficiency and its reduced basal leakiness in the context of a single positive feedback regulatory vector that presents ease of delivery of the system for use in vivo. Finally, in vivo, the biological function of granulocyte‐macrophage colony stimulating factor is tightly regulated in the context of SG‐TRE delivered via adeno‐associated viruses. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Regeneration of a well‐differentiated human airway surface epithelium by spheroid and lentivirus vector‐transduced airway cells
Authors: Castillon Nicolas , Avril‐Delplanque Aurélie , Coraux Christelle , Delenda Christophe , Péault Bruno , Danos Olivier , Puchelle Edith 
Published: April 2004

AbstractBackgroundFollowing injury to the airway epithelium, rapid regeneration of a functional epithelium is necessary in order to restore the epithelial barrier integrity. In the perspective of airway gene/cell therapy, we analyzed the capacity of human airway epithelial cells cultured as three‐dimensional (3‐D) spheroid structures to be efficiently transduced on long term by a pseudotyped lentiviral vector. The capacity of the 3‐D spheroid structures to repopulate a denuded tracheal basement membrane and regenerate a well‐differentiated airway epithelium was also analyzed.MethodsAn HIV‐1‐derived VSV‐G pseudotyped lentiviral vector encoding the enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) was used. Airway epithelial cells were isolated from mature human fetal tracheas and airway xenografts, cultured as 3‐D spheroid structures, and either transduced at multiplicity of infection (MOI) 10 and 100 or assayed in an ex vivo and in vivo model to evaluate their regeneration capacity.ResultsAn in vivo repopulation assay in SCID‐hu mice with transduced isolated fetal airway epithelial cells shows that lentiviral transduction does not alter the airway reconstitution. Transduction of the 3‐D spheroid structures shows that 12% of cells were eGFP‐positive for up to 80 days. In ex vivo and in vivo assays (NUDE‐hu mice), the 3‐D spheroid structures are able to repopulate denuded basement membrane and reconstitute a well‐differentiated human airway surface epithelium.ConclusionsThe efficient and long‐term lentiviral transduction of 3‐D spheroid structures together with their capacity to regenerate a well‐differentiated mucociliary epithelium demonstrate the potential relevance of these 3‐D structures in human airway gene/cell therapy. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Changes in the phenolic composition of grape berries during ripening in relation to vineyard nitrogen and potassium fertilisation rates
Authors: Delgado Rubén , Martín Pedro , del Álamo María , González María‐Rosa 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe aim of this work was to evaluate the interactive effects of different rates of nitrogen and potassium fertilisation on the phenolic composition of grape berries during ripening. To achieve this objective, in 2000 a trial was carried out in a Tempranillo vineyard located in the ‘Ribera de Duero’ Apellation d'Origine area (Spain). The plants were treated with three nitrogen (0, 50 and 200 g N per vine) and three potassium (0, 60 and 120 g K2O per vine) doses, applied as ammonium nitrate and potassium sulphate respectively, in a randomised complete block design with four replications. The rate of fertilisation did not significantly affect either the vigour or productive capacity of the vines or the size of the berries. However, high nitrogen doses caused a substantial delay in the accumulation of sugars during ripening compared with other treatments. High potassium supplies caused decreases in the total acidity of the berries but did not affect the chromatic parameters of the must at harvest. Three different stages could be distinguished in the development of total polyphenol contents in grape skins during ripening: a slow initial increase, a sharp accumulation during the fifth and sixth weeks after veraison and a final period of reduction until harvest. The vines with no added nitrogen showed more accumulation of polyphenols in the skin than those with other treatments, especially during the last few weeks of sampling. These differences between nitrogen treatments became less as the potassium fertilisation dose was increased. The nitrogen dose of 50 g N per vine increased the levels of anthocyanins in the skin (600 mg l−1 standard extract) compared with the untreated control vines (532 mg l−1), and this significantly increased the colour density of the must. The degree of polymerisation of condensed tannins decreased when the ratio N:K was balanced and the amounts of both nutrients applied were high. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
Physiological and biochemical changes of fresh‐cut bamboo shoot (Phyllostachys heterocycla var pubescens) during cold storage
Authors: Lu Sheng M , Xu Ya G 
Published: April 2004

AbstractDifferent selections along the length of a shoot in fresh‐cut bamboo (Phyllostachys heterocycla var pubescens) were used to study the changes of respiratory rate and the contents of total sugar, reducing sugar, total phenol, lignin, cellulose and malondialdehyde (MDA) and the activities of phenylalanine ammonia‐lyase (PAL) and polyphenoloxidase (PPO) during storage at 4 °C. Respiratory rate increased after mechanical stress resulted from cutting, but decreased gradually during storage. PAL activity and PPO activity were higher in the apical and middle sections than in the basal sections of bamboo shoot. The content of total sugar, reducing sugar, MDA, lignin and cellulose changed differently in the three sections during storage. Total sugar and reducing sugar in the basal and middle sections decreased initially, then increased. In the apical section, total sugar and reducing sugar also decreased initially, but remained low thereafter. MDA levels increased sharply after processing but decreased in the apical section after 4 days and remained at high levels in the middle and basal sections during storage. Cellulose and lignin decomposed more rapidly in the apical and middle sections than in the basal section. Lignin content increased in the basal section at the end of the storage. These results suggest that, while softening occurs in the apical and middle sections, lignification also takes place at the same time in the basal section. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
Enhanced lactic acid fermentation of silage by the addition of green tea waste
Authors: Kondo Makoto , Naoki Nishino , Kazumi Kita , Yokota Hiro‐omi 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe effects of green tea waste (GTW) addition on the ensiling of forage were investigated. Wet and dried GTW added at 10, 50, 100 and 200 g kg−1 of fresh matter (FM) and at 2, 10 and 20 g kg−1 FM, respectively, decreased pH and increased lactic acid concentration of the silages, whereas the butyric acid concentration and ammonia nitrogen content, as a proportion of a total nitrogen, were lowered, compared with silage without additives (control). To investigate the effect of GTW‐associated LAB on silage fermentation, wet GTW was sterilized by autoclaving or gamma irradiation and added at 50 g kg−1 FM. The silages made with sterilized GTW showed higher lactic acid concentrations, and lower pH and butyric acid concentrations than controls. The counts of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were higher in silages made with sterilized GTW than control until 10 days after ensiling. The enhanced lactic acid fermentation was not found when green tea polyphenols (GTP) were added. These data suggested that GTW could enhance LAB growth and lactic acid production of silage, particularly when added at 50 g kg−1 FM in a wet form or at the equivalent in a dry form. Although neither GTW‐associated LAB nor GTP accounted for the enhancement of lactic acid fermentation, GTW would possibly supply some nutrients which are heat‐stable and effective for LAB growth during silage fermentation. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
Serum selenium response to maximal anaerobic exercise among sportsmen trained at various levels
Authors: Emre M. Hanifi , Düzova Halil , Sancak Banu , Polat Alaadin , Erdoğan Hasan , Yologlu Saim 
Published: April 2004

AbstractSerum selenium (Se) is a constitutional part of both major plasma selenoprotein P and glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px), a cytoprotective enzyme against the oxidative damage. It is an accepted fact that any case related to oxidative stress increased by physical exercise changes serum Se levels. In this study serum Se levels were examined in high physical activity (group I), moderate physical activity (group II), and low physical activity (group III) males undertaking a soccer‐training regimen. In addition, Se changes before and after the acute intensive maximal exercise in an anaerobic‐loading coordination tests among groups I, II, and III soccer players were investigated. For a minimum of 3 months, the players in group I (n = 12), exercising more than 5 h a week, group II (n =9 ), exercising less than 5 h but more than 2 h a week, and group III (n = 11), exercising regularly or irregularly less than 2 h were examined. Heart rate monitor 220 (heart rate)‐age formula was used to evaluate the maximal exercising test during the procedure. Serum Se was analyzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The difference between groups before and after the exercise was tested by Wilcoxon test, and the difference varying in the groups was tested by Kruskal–Wallis variance analyse. The relation between heart rate and serum Se was tested by Sperman's rank correlation analyses. After maximal physical exercise, the serum selenium level decreased significantly compared with pre‐exercise values (P < 0.05) in group I only. In group I, maximal and pre‐exercise heart rates as opposed to pre‐ and postexercise serum Se level were negative correlated (P < 0.05). In conclusion, a nutrition regime rich in selenium may be beneficial for both athletes who exercise regularly and in patients with increasing oxidative stress. J. Trace Elem. Exp. Med. 17:93–100, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Oxidant/Antioxidant status in relation to thyroid hormone metabolism in selenium‐ and/or iodine‐deficient rats
Authors: Giray Belma , Riondel Jacqueline , Richard Marie‐Jean , Favier Alain , Hıncal Filiz 
Published: April 2004

AbstractIodine and selenium are essential components of normal thyroid hormone metabolism and are involved in the modulation of antioxidant defense system. This study was designed to evaluate the extent of peroxidation of lipids and activities of antioxidant enzymes (AOEs) in various tissues of iodine‐ and/or selenium‐deficient rats in relation to thyroid hormone metabolism. Iodine deficiency caused marked enhancements in glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) activities in thyroid but did not cause lipid peroxidation (LP), indicating the occurrence of an adaptive response that protected the gland against oxidative stress induced by high levels of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH). Except significant reduction in CAT activity in liver and kidney and an enhancement of SOD in kidney, iodine deficiency did not cause any other alterations in other tissues. Selenium deficiency and combined iodine and selenium deficiency caused significant alterations in AOE activities in all tissues and caused significantly high levels of LP in thyroid, liver, brain, and plasma, but not in kidney. Alterations in selenium‐involved deficiencies appeared to be mainly caused by substantial losses of GSHPx activity; however, compensatory changes in SOD and CAT activities were also observed. J. Trace Elem. Exp. Med. 17:109–121, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Restless legs in Tourette syndrome
Authors: Lespérance P. , Djerroud N. , Diaz Anzaldua A. , Rouleau G.A. , Chouinard S. , Richer F. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractRestless legs syndrome (RLS) and Tourette's syndrome (TS) share some common features, including the phenomenology of sensations relieved by movements, but few studies have examined the links between RLS and TS. We examined RLS and other TS comorbidities in 144 probands with TS or chronic tics and their parents. RLS was present in 10% of probands and 23% of parents with no gender differences. RLS in probands was linked significantly to maternal RLS but not paternal RLS, suggesting that a maternal RLS factor may contribute to the variable expression of TS. © 2004 Movement Disorder Society
Effect of hyperbaric oxygen therapy on nerve regeneration in early diabetes
Authors: Aydin Atakan , Özden Burcu Çelet , Karamürsel Sacit , Solakoğlu Seyhun , Aktaş Şamil , Erer Metin 
Published: April 2004

AbstractNerve regeneration in diabetes is essential for reversal of neuropathy as well as the recovery of nerves from injury due to acute nerve compression and entrapment. Endoneural hypoxia due to hyperglycemia‐induced blood flow reductions is observed early in the course of diabetes, and the resultant ischemia plays a role in the diminished neural regeneration. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy is capable of producing tissue hyperoxia by raising oxygen tensions in ischemic tissues, and was shown to be beneficial in the reversal of experimental ischemic neuropathy. In this study, an experimental diabetes model was used to evaluate the functional and histomorphological effects of hyperbaric oxygen therapy on early diabetic nerve regeneration. Our results indicate that there is significant histomorphological impairment of nerve regeneration, even in very early stages of diabetes. However, no beneficial effects of hyperbaric oxygen therapy could be demonstrated at this stage. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Measurement and reproducibility of strength and voluntary activation of lower‐limb muscles
Authors: Todd Gabrielle , Gorman Robert B. , Gandevia Simon C. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractAccurate measurement of muscle strength and voluntary muscle activation is important in the assessment of disorders that affect the motor pathways or muscle. We designed a multipurpose system to assess the variability and reproducibility of isometric torque measurements obtained during maximal voluntary efforts of the knee flexor, knee extensor, ankle dorsiflexor, and ankle plantarflexor muscles on each side. It used two isometric myographs mounted on an adjustable frame. Measurements of maximal voluntary torque (range, 25–188 Nm) displayed low variability within a testing session and over five testing sessions (coefficient of variation range, 5–11%). We used the same equipment to measure voluntary activation of the triceps surae muscles. Voluntary activation, measured with a sensitive twitch interpolation method, increased with increasing voluntary contraction torque (P < 0.001) and was very high during maximal efforts (mean, 97.8 ± 2.1%; median, 98.5%). Furthermore, measurements of voluntary activation during maximal efforts were reproducible across testing sessions with very little variability (coefficient of variation, <2%). The myograph system and the testing procedures should allow accurate measurement of strength and voluntary drive in longitudinal patient studies. Muscle Nerve 29: 834–842, 2004