bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predictive modeling of child obesity according to salt‐sensitive genes and sodium intakes in Korean children; the 3 year‐Panel Study
Authors: Park Jiae , Bak Sujeong , Park Soyoung , Lee Myoungsook 
Published: November 2023

GoalsThis study was performed to predict obesity in Korean children according to the sodium intake and 9 salt‐sensitive genes(GRK4 A142V, SLC12A3, CYP11β‐2, GRK4 A486V, NEDD4L, AGT M235T, GNB3 C285T, ADD1 G460W, ACE) selected from GWAS.MethodsIn 2007(n=1091) and 2009(n=1045), 2,136 Korean children aged 9 years were recruited from 8 elementary schools in Seoul, and 979(45.83%) of total subjects were followed‐up at 12 years old in 2010 and 2012. Chi‐square test, Student's unpaired t‐test and Student's paired t‐test were used to compare the differences between obesity(OB) and non‐OB or before and after 3 years. Tests for Hardy‐Weinberg equilibrium for each SNPs were conducted by comparing the observed and expected genotype frequencies with Chi‐square test. Obesity was defined as BMI ≥ 85th percentile and energy‐adjusted sodium intake was used by residual methods as sodium intake in each year.ResultsAmong the non‐OB children aged 9, the indicators such as waist, HDLc, retinol, vit B2 and cholesterol intakes were significantly different between OB and non‐OB children at 12 years old. The average differences of sodium intakes were not significant between OB and non‐OB. However, the obesity prevalence was significantly lower in lowest quintile(Q1) of sodium intake than that in group of 2nd to 5th quintile(Q2–Q5).(p=0.008) The relative frequencies of OB including overweight were significantly higher in Hetero & Mutant of NEDD4L than that in wild genotypes.(p=0.02) No other genes were found the differences in frequencies of OB or non‐OB among their genotypes.ConclusionsThe non‐OB children, aged 9 years old, sustained non‐OB at 12 years old tend to reduce sodium intake considerably and wild type of NEDD4L was profoundly frequent in those children. Wild genotype of NEDD4L and reduction of sodium intake might be associated with prevention of obesity in Korean children. In future, our panel data may be applied for the individualized obesity prediction model to reduce children obesity.Support or Funding InformationThis work was supported by National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF) grant funded by the Korea government(MEST) (NRF‐2015R1A2A1A11049611) and This work is supported by Korea Food Research Institute.
Consuming Iron‐Biofortified Pearl Millet Improves Measures of Free‐Living Physical Activity in Indian School Children
Authors: Luna Sarah Victoria , Denvir Brendan , Udipi Shobha A , Ghugre Padmini S , Przybyszewski Eric M , Haas Jere D 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundIron deficiency is the most widespread micronutrient deficiency in the world and has negative effects on physical performance. The impact of iron deficiency and repletion on free‐living physical activity is less well understood due to inherent difficulties associated with its measurement.ObjectiveTo examine the efficacy of a six‐month iron biofortified pearl millet intervention on improving measures of free‐living physical activity in iron depleted Indian school children aged 12–16 years.MethodsPhysical activity data were collected from the children using Actigraph GT3X accelerometers for one week at baseline and endline (six months). Energy expenditure was calculated in metabolic equivalents (METs) from accelerometer counts using Crouter's refined two‐regression model after filtering out nonwear time. Mixed regression models with repeated measures were used to analyze the treatment by time interaction using data from all days at baseline and endline. Outcome variables include steps and number of minutes spent in sedentary behaviors (MET=1), light activity (MET 1–3), and moderate‐to‐vigorous activity (MET >3).ResultsData from 134 Indian students were analyzed by gender accounting for nonwear time. For boys, significant treatment‐by‐time interactions in the expected directions were found for the minutes spent in sedentary behaviors (p<0.001), light activity (p=0.004), and moderate‐vigorous activity (p=0.012). For girls, significant treatment‐by‐time interactions were found for the number of steps taken (p=0.020), minutes spent in sedentary behaviors (p=0.009), and minutes spent in light activity (p=0.005). Additionally, girls in the biofortified pearl millet group significantly increased the average number of steps per day from 6487 at baseline to 7326 at endline (839 steps; p=0.022).ConclusionConsuming iron‐biofortified pearl millet improved measures of free‐living physical activity in Indian school children.Support or Funding InformationFunded by Harvest Plus
Improvements in Electrophysiological Measures of Brain Function During Memory Processing in Rwandan Women Consuming Iron Biofortified Beans
Authors: Wenger Michael J , Rhoten Stephanie E , Scott Samuel P , Murray‐Kolb Laura E , Lung'aho Mercy G , Gahutu Jean‐Bosco , Haas Jere D 
Published: November 2023

Iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia have been shown to have negative effects on behavioral and electroencephalographic (EEG) measures of cognitive function, with many of these being reversible with timely repletion. We report here results from a randomized, controlled, double‐blind efficacy feeding trial testing the hypothesis that iron repletion would produce improvements in measures of brain function during cognitive tasks. Participants (healthy females, 18–27 yrs, n = 239) screened for low iron status, were randomized to groups that consumed either a high‐iron‐biofortified (BB) or a normal‐iron bean (CN) for 20 weeks. A subsample (n = 47) performed tests of attention and memory with concurrent EEG at baseline (BL) and endline (EL). A total of 29 participants had depleted iron stores (serum ferritin < 20 mg/L) and were non‐anemic, and 18 were iron depleted and anemic (serum ferritin < 20 mg/L and hemoglobin < 12 g/dL). We focus here on the BL and EL EEG data from the recognition memory task. Participants studied a set of images and were tested with equal numbers of studied (old) and unstudied (new) images, presented at test with 2, 3, or 4 cues. Dependent measures were the amplitude and latency of the P2 component (the earliest EEG feature that distinguishes old and new items), along with power in the θ‐ (4–7 Hz) and γ‐bands (> 30 Hz), which have been shown to distinguish old and new items and to index effortful attention in recall. Data were analyzed using 2 (time: BL, EL) by 2 (condition: CN, BB) repeated‐measures analyses of variance, run separately for new and old items. In addition, each dependent measure was regressed onto number of cues and condition, separately for new and old items at BL and EL. Significant (all p < .05) time by condition interactions were obtained for P2 latencies for the new items, and for the P2 amplitudes and latencies, θ‐band power in the central electrodes, and γ‐band power in the frontal electrodes for the old items. Increases were observed for P2 amplitudes and θ‐ and γ‐band power, decreases were observed for P2 latencies, and all changes were largest for those consuming BB. Significant (all R2 > 0.15) effects of number of cues were obtained for old items at BL for γ‐band power in frontal and central electrodes, and for old items at EL for all of the dependent measures, with the effects being largest for those consuming BB. Increasing number of cues produced increases in P2 amplitudes, decreases in P2 latencies, and increases in θ‐ and γ‐band power, with those increases being largest for those consuming BB. Taken together, these results suggest that the consumption of BB improves brain function in the service of memory.Support or Funding InformationFunded by Harvest Plus.
Impact of Processing on the Stability and Bioaccessibility of Provitamin A Carotenoids in Biofortified Cassava Roots (Manihot esculanta, Crantz)
Authors: Aragon Ingrid , Dufour Dominique , Escobar Andres Felipe , Calle Fernando , Ceballos Hernan , Ferruzzi Mario G 
Published: November 2023

Carotenoid content in cassava roots has been increased through biofortification programs as a strategy to combat vitamin A deficiency. However, incorporation of biofortified cassava into both traditional and industrial food processing has yet to be fully assessed. The objective of this study was to examine the impact of fermentation and thermal processing on the stability and bioaccessibility of pro‐vitamin A carotenoids from distinct biofortified cassava roots.Non‐fermented (N‐F) and fermented (F) flours were produced from 10 cassava cultivars (GM4414‐5, GM4571‐3, SM3757‐75, SM3758‐43, SM3762‐15, GM5194‐5, GM5194‐13, GM5212‐6, SM3767‐84 and SM3774‐24). Non‐fermented flours were produced by washing, peeling, grating and oven‐drying roots at 40 °C during 2 days. Fermented flours were produced by pressing wet grated cassava roots and allowing for spontaneously fermentation at RT over 2 days. Two cultivars (SM3762‐15 and SM3767‐84) were selected for production of Gari (G), by toasting of ferments at 150–160 °C during 15–20 min. Test porridges were made from N‐F, F and G flours (22.2 % W/V) in boiling water for 5 min. Bioaccessibility of provitamin A carotenoids was then evaluated from finished products using an three‐stage in vitro digestion model.Overall, cassava cultivars contained 23.1–42.7 μg β‐carotene equivalents (β‐CE) / g on dry weight bases (DW). β‐CE retention after fermentation was 72.5–96.6%; after oven‐drying were 18.3–77.5% and 45.8–80.4% for N‐F and F roots, respectively; after toasting in Gari preparation was 67.3–69.2%; after cooking in porridge preparations were 42.5–74.5%, 20.7–77.3% and 87.2–115.3% for N‐F, F and G flours, respectively. Cassava flours, which involved fermentation showed higher β‐CE retention (p=0.007) during oven‐drying compared with N‐F flours. However, no significant differences were found in β‐CE retention during porridge preparation (p=0.905).Test porridges made from N‐F, F and G flours ranged from 39–309, 58–343 and 223–323 μg β‐CE / 100 g FW, respectively. Bioaccessibility ranged widely from 3.3–56.9 μg β‐CE / 100 g FW with bioaccessible content among the cultivars within the porridges groups ranging from 3.3–43.4, 3.66–21.4 and 20.3–56.9 μg / 100 g FW for N‐F, F and G flours, respectively. In general, bioaccessible β‐CE content from porridges prepared with N‐F and F flours were similar with levels of 14.5 ±4.2 and 12.7 ±1.8 μg / 100 g FW, (p = 0.700). Select cassava cultivars showed improved bioaccessibility of β‐CE content with the fermentation process, these results suggest that genotype factor and/or another factors in the matrix merit further investigation as they may play a significant role in facilitating bioaccessibility of carotenoids from biofortified cassava products.Support or Funding InformationFunding provided by Colciencias and the Purdue University Agricultural Research Programs
Efficacy of Lycopene to Improve Cardiac Ionic Balance Disturbance in Mice Exposed to Atrazine
Authors: Li Jinlong , Lin Jia , Qin Lei , Xia Jun , Zhu Shiyong , Du Zhenghai , Zhang Ying 
Published: November 2023

Lycopene (LYC) establishes cardiovascular disease (CVD) preventive effects. Atrazine (ATR), one of the most widely‐used herbicide in the whole world, has been demonstrated to cause circulatory disturbance in poisoned animals. We recently reported that LYC protects against ATR‐induced hepatic ionic homeostasis disturbance (J Nutr Biochem. Doi: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2015.09.009). To better understand the relationship of LYC‐chemoprevention and ATR‐induced cardiotoxicity via cardiac ionic balance disturbance, the male kunming mice were treated with ATR (50 or 200 mg/kg body weight, daily) and/or LYC (5 mg/kg body weight, daily) by intragastric administration for 7, 14, and 21 days. The histopathological and biochemical analysis, ionic concentration (Na+, K+, Ca2+ and Mg2+ content), ATPases (Na+‐K+‐ATPase, Ca2+‐ATPase, Mg2+‐ATPase, Ca2+‐Mg2+‐ATPase) activities were assessed to determine their effects on isolated mice heart. The results revealed that ATR caused the decreases of creatine kinase (CK) activities and histological changes. LYC pretreatment significantly protected heart against ATR caused alternation. Serum Na+ content increased in ATR‐treated groups. K+ level significantly increased in serum but significantly decreased were observed in the heart. And Ca2+ and Mg2+ content significantly increased in the heart without significant change in serum. In the LYC+ ATR animals, the changes caused by ATR on ionic concentration were normalised to near the control values. ATR increased cardiac ATPases activities at 7 days and decreased these ATPases activities at 14, 21 days. It was not observed that significant effect of ATR and LYC on the cardiac ATPases activities. A significant change of Na+, K+ and Ca2+ content and decrease of Na+‐K+‐ATPase and Ca2+‐ATPase activity was observed in the ATR‐treated mice at 14, 21 days. Notably, LYC modulated these ATR‐induced alterations of ATPase activity. In summary, LYC at the investigated doses may protect against ATR‐induced ionic disorder and cardiac dysfunction in mice by regulates ATPases’ activities.Support or Funding InformationChina Special Project of International Technology Cooperation and Exchanges (2013DFG62260); China Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University (NECT‐1207‐02); China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2012T50301); Science Foundation of the Education Department of Heilongjiang Province (12511031), Academic Backbone Project of Northeast Agricultural University (15XG16) and University Science and Technology Innovation Team Construction Projects of Heilongjiang Province (2013TD003).
Thymic involution beyond water‐soluble silicon consumption
Authors: Gordova Valentina , Sergeeva Valentina 
Published: November 2023

Recently we have shown that water‐soluble silicon compounds induced functional activation of monocyte/macrophage‐ and antigen‐presenting cells in the rat thymic lobules. Long‐time consumption of silicon‐containing compounds can trigger the autoimmune disorders.The physiological age‐dependent involution of the thymus associated with reorganization of stromal cell composition and resulted in replacement of thymic tissue with fat.The aim of present study was to determine a possible influence of water‐soluble silicon compounds ‐ sodium metasilicate ‐ on the morphological changings of thymic cytoreticulum.We analyzed thymus of white outbred 6 weeks old male rats. The control group (n=10) got standardized drinking water ad libitum. The experimental group received ad libitum the same water containing sodium metasilicate (10 mg/liter silicon content) for 2 months. Isolated thymic tissues were embedded in paraffin and stained with hematoxylin‐eosin. Images of thymic structures were performed under ×1000 magnification using light microscope MIKMED 5 and collected for further morphometric evaluation with Sigma Scan Pro 5.0 software. The volume of fat cells and size of nuclei were measured in five identical fields of view only in those thymic lobules, which have totally loose the cortical and medullar lymphocytes.Morphometrical analysis revealed that 15–20% of the thymic lobule size was consisting of lymphocyte‐loosed fields and was similar in both groups. The mean size of nuclei in those thymic areas of experimental animals was 10.26±0.24 μm2 and the mean size of the fat cells −95.80±7.91 μm2, while the corresponding fields in the control group were 11.19±0.23 and 73.95±6.25 μm2, respectively. The thymic lymphocyte‐loosed areas from silicon‐treated rats contained significantly (p<0.05) higher number of fat cell in comparison to the control group (88.03±10.33 versus 47.16±4.27 cells per 0.04 mm2), but the nuclei number of thymic cytoreticular cells was definitely (p<0.05) lower than in the control group (100.71±4.32 versus 118.64±4.09). These findings demonstrat that the long‐time consumption of water‐soluble silicon has impact on the redistribution of number and size of thymic adipocytes.Overall, the present study show that silicon, delivered with drinking water contribute the thymic involution in rodent. This fact may in part explain the role of water‐soluble silicon compounds in the development of autoimmune diseases.
STUDY OF HEMATOPOIESIS IN PROTEIN RESTRICTION: CHARACTERIZATION OF BONE MARROW STROMAL CELLS
Authors: Santos Ed Wilson Batista , Dias Carolina , Silva Graziela Batista , Oliveira Dalila Cunha , Beltran Jackeline Soares Oliveira , Hastreiter Araceli Batista , Paredes‐Gamero Edgar Julian , Borelli Primavera Batista 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundProtein Restriction (PR) results in pathological changes that are associated with bone marrow (BM) hypoplasia and alterations in the BM microenvironment, with changes of extracellular matrix components, impairing cell cycle, reducing the production of precursors both erythroid and leukocytes, leading to anemia and leukopenia. As bone marrow stroma is important for hematopoiesis we evaluated establishment of bone marrow stroma, as well the proliferation, differentiation and maturation.Material and MethodsBone marrow cells from C57BL/6 mice at 7, 14, 21 and 28 days of culture were used. Characterization of bone marrow populations and the kinetics of stromal establishment were performed by immunophenotyping and stain of cells (oil red, alizarin red and alkaline phosphatase).ResultsLong‐term bone marrow culture (LTBMC) was altering the patern, decreasing the number of hematopoietic (erythroid, megakaryocyte and granulocyte) cells, but maintaining percentage of monocytes/macrophages, and hematopoietic stem cells. On other hand, increase of percentage of adipocytes and osteoblasts were observed.ConclusionPM produces changes in stromal cellularity of LTBMC, which can lead to alterations in the homeostasis and maintenance of the hematopoietic stem cell.Support or Funding InformationThis work was financially supported by the Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP 2012/24505‐1). E.W.S. was supported by a fellowship from CNPq (160959/2015‐2).
Effects of obesity and soy protein diet on feed intake and serum leptin level in Female Zucker rats
Authors: Hakkak Reza , Bell Andrea , Korourian Soheila 
Published: November 2023

The obesity epidemic in the United States grows as the number of overweight and obese adults continues to rise. Several studies suggest health benefits from soy consumption that reduce cardiovascular disease and certain types of cancer. However, we previously reported that obese rats fed a soy protein diet had greater body weight gain than obese casein fed rats. To understand the physiologic mechanisms responsible, this study's objective was to assess the effects of a soy protein diet on feed intake and serum leptin levels. Lean and obese 5‐week old female Zucker rats (n=34) were randomly assigned to a semi‐purified diet similar to AIN93G containing 18.8% kcal as 1) casein or 2) soy protein for 8 weeks. Ad libitum feed intake and body weight gain were measured once a week for 8 weeks. Serum leptin level was measured by ELISA at the end of the experiment. Our results show obesity caused a significant (p<0.001) increase in body weight for both diets, and furthermore, obese soy fed rats had higher weight gain than obese casein fed rats (p<0.001; obese soy =56.8% increase from baseline; obese casein=47.5% increase from baseline). The average feed intakes (kcal/kg of body weight/day) at the beginning of the experiment were: 1) lean casein, 346 kcal/kg; 2) lean soy, 344 kcal/kg; 3) obese casein, 344 kcal/kg; and 4) obese soy, 333 kcal/kg. At the end of the experiment the average kcal/kg/day for both lean casein and lean soy fed rats was the same (232 kcal/kg); averages for obese casein and obese soy fed rats were 178 kcal/kg and 184 kcal/kg respectively. There were no significant differences between kcal/kg/day at the beginning and the end of the experiment for obese casein compared to obese soy fed rats. Overall, obesity caused a significantly different (p<0.05) overall 8‐week average kcal/kg intake between lean casein rats (272 ± 53) and obese casein rats (241± 61). The 8‐week average kcal/kg intake between lean casein (272 ± 53) and lean soy (279 ± 46) was not significantly different (p=0.21), but the overall 8‐week average kcal/kg intake between obese casein (241± 61) and obese soy (267 ±71) was significantly different (p<0.05). Obesity increased serum leptin levels (p<0.001) for both diets. However the serum leptin level for obese casein fed rats was not significantly (p<0.06) different than of obese soy fed rats. In summary, while our results show there were no significant differences between kcal/kg intake at the beginning or end of the experiment for both diets, the obese soy group had a significantly higher overall kcal/kg intake compared to the obese casein group, which can account for the increased body weight by obese soy fed rats.Support or Funding InformationSupported by CUMG and ABI to RH.
Multiple vitamins, not glutamine‐supplemented resuscitation fluid improves intestinal integrity and alters systemic inflammatory mediators in rats with trauma‐hemorrhagic shock
Authors: Lin Yu Hsin , Lo Hui‐Chen , Su Tzu‐Cheng 
Published: November 2023

Hemorrhagic shock is the major cause of death in trauma for the extensive blood loss may result in systemic and local deficits of energy and oxygen. Stop bleeding and resuscitation is the major life saving strategy; however, resuscitation may augment oxidative stress which leads to systemic inflammation, multiple organ failure, and even death. Recent studies indicated that antioxidant vitamins and energy metabolism‐associated vitamins may alleviate oxidative stress and elevate energy synthesis. In addition, glutamine is a major source of energy for immune cells and enterocytes. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of single and combined supplementations of multiple vitamins and glutamine on systemic inflammation and intestinal damage in rats with trauma‐hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation (THR). Male SD rats were divided into 7 groups including a normal control group, an intubation sham‐operated group, and 5 groups with 5 cm midline laparotomy and catheterization in the left carotid artery and right jugular vein (i.e., THR rats). In THR rats, the blood was withdrawn from the carotid artery within 10 min until a mean arterial pressure was 30 to 35 mmHg. After maintained with low blood pressure for 60 minutes, THR rats were resuscitated with shed blood plus 3‐fold volume of lactate Ringer's (LR) solution or plus equal volume of LR solutions with or without L‐alanyl‐L‐glutamine, multiple vitamins, or L‐alanyl‐L‐glutamine plus multiple vitamins within 10 min. The sham‐operated rats and THR rats that resuscitated with equal volume of LR solutions were further infused with continuous, slow rate of different LR solutions for 42 hours. The results showed that THR rats with equal volume of LR had significantly increased glutamic‐pyruvic transaminase and decreased complete blood counts and plasma myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity; and those with 3‐fold volume of LR had significantly increased serum cholesterol and plasma nitrate/nitrite and decreased plasma MPO activity compared to the normal control and sham‐operated rats. In THR rats, vitamins and/or glutamine supplementations significantly decreased plasma interferon‐gamma; vitamins significantly decreased serum albumin and increased plasma interleukin‐10 and improved plasma MPO activity; and vitamins with or without glutamine significantly increased crypt depth and muscularis thickness in the jejunum and decreased thymus weight. Taken together, supplementation of vitamins, not glutamine, in the resuscitation fluids may improve intestinal integrity and alter systemic inflammatory mediators but not improve nutrition status in THR rats. In conclusion, multiple vitamins may be a clinical useful therapy for patients suffered with trauma‐hemorrhagic shock.Support or Funding InformationNSC 102‐2320‐B‐030‐005‐MY3