bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MULTIMORBIDITY PREDICTS REMAINING LIFESPAN IN NONHUMAN PRIMATE MODEL OF ACCELERATED AGING
Authors: Quillen Ellen , Justice Jamie , Schaaf George , Olson John , Cline J Mark 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Multimorbidity is common among older adults and linked to shorter lifespans, but it is unclear how naturally-occurring multimorbidity impacts lifespan in non-human primate models of aging. We developed a clinical multimorbidity index based on standardized veterinary diagnoses in 288 rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) from the Wake Forest Radiation Late Effects Cohort, animals that survived an early-life insult from whole-body radiation and controls (73 female, 237 irradiated, ages 2-24). Our index is based on diagnosis of arthritis, low bone density, cataracts, diabetes, gastrointestinal disorders, heart disease, hepatic dysfunction, hypertension, kidney disease, lung fibrosis, skin disorders, tumors, and overweight/underweight. All diseases were seen in both control and irradiated animals and there was a broad distribution of multimorbidity trajectories across the lifespan both in number and combinations of diseases. On average, the first diagnosis occurred at age 9.0 (equal to 35% of median lifespan) and the second at age 10.7. However, 20% of animals that lived to age 12 were without any diagnoses while others had as many as 9 comorbidities, highlighting broad variability in multimorbidity with aging. Cox proportional-hazard ratios (HR) show significant negative associations (p &lt; 0.05) between survival and multimorbidity. Ages 3-6 years, each additional morbidity doubles likelihood of death (HR &gt; 2) with HR falling from 1.9 to 1.4 from ages 6-15. Based on receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, multimorbidity predicts 2-year mortality with AUC &gt; 0.65 from ages 7-14. Our findings suggest multimorbidity is prevalent and predicts lifespan in NHP survivors of radiation. Research was funded by NIHU01AI150578.
SEX STEROID HORMONES AND AGE AT DEATH—A MENDELIAN APPROACH
Authors: Kusters Cynthia , Paul Kimberly , Ritz Beate 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Lower concentrations of testosterone have been associated with increased mortality and shorter lifespan in observational studies. An association between androgens and decreased epigenetic age was identified among men. Here, we assessed the association between sex steroid hormones and parental age at death using a Mendelian randomization (MR) approach. An inverse-variance weighting (IVW) MR analysis was performed using effect estimates from external GWAS summary statistics. We included independent variants (linkage disequilibrium R2&lt; 0.001) and a P-value threshold of 5x10-8. Sensitivity analysis included changing the P-value thresholds, MR method and multivariable MR analysis. An increase in androsterone sulfate and DHEAS were associated with a lower age at death for both fathers and mothers (-0.04/-0.05 years, P-value: 7e-4/7e-4), as well as the combined parental age at death (-0.06 years, P-value:5e-4). In addition, an increase in SHBG was associated with a higher age at death (0.06 years, P-value:7e-5). We did not find an association with estradiol or testosterone and age at death. Sensitivity analysis showed consistent findings. Our study could suggest that a higher concentration of androgens, specifically androsterone sulfate and DHEAS, decrease lifespan. This is contradictory to observational studies and deserves further attention. However, the SNPs associated with these androgens are also strongly associated with body mass index (BMI). Adjusting for BMI in the MR models removes the association between sex hormones and age at death. We are currently performing more analyses to shed light on this association.
BEREAVED PARENTS OF THE HEALTH AND RETIREMENT STUDY
Authors: Rubinstein Stephanie , Fennell Gillian , Zelinski Elizabeth 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The loss of a child—no matter their age—is often regarded as one the most tragic forms of loss. Here, we sought to identify sociodemographic, psychosocial, and health profiles of older adults who have experienced offspring death in the Health and Retirement Study (HRS). Our sample was composed of 2,035 respondents from the 2018 wave of HRS who experienced (n =381) or did not experience (n = 1,654) the loss of a child at any point in their lifetime. In an adjusted logistic regression, we found that both women (OR=1.53, [1.13, 2.09]) and non-Hispanic Black respondents (OR = 1.85; [1.31, 2.61]) had significantly higher odds of experiencing the death of a child. Education was also significantly associated with offspring death: relative to individuals with less than a high school education, high school and college-educated respondents had a 34% and 64% lower likelihood of reporting offspring death, respectively (OR=0.66, [.47, .91]; OR=0.36, [.25, .51]). Lastly, every one unit increase in cognition was associated with a 3% lower likelihood of experiencing the offspring death (OR=0.97, [.94, .99]). Interestingly, bereaved parents were no more likely to experience depression nor report multimorbidity than individuals who had not grieved the loss of a child. These findings highlight a grim picture of premature and untimely death among Black Americans, the power of education, and potential psychological and physiological resilience among this older sub-population of bereaved parents.
PATHWAYS TO HEALTHY AGING IN THE UNITED STATES AND JAPAN: THE ROLE OF PSYCHOSOCIAL FACTORS
Authors: Zhang Ruoying , Lachman Margie 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The dynamics of aging vary across cultures, with Japan showing a more benign picture of aging compared to the United States. While Japanese longevity and healthier older adulthood are well known, of interest is what mechanisms lead to such results. In American society, there is a strong emphasis on being independent, while Japanese society focuses on interdependence and social harmony. This study explored possible behavioral mechanisms linking these psychosocial factors to health and examined whether the pathways differ by culture. We used the second wave (2004) of the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) (N = 1045) and the second wave (2012) of the Midlife Development in Japan (MIDJA) studies (N = 317). Participants’ ages ranged from 30 to 83. Behavioral mechanisms were operationalized as diet, smoking, and exercise. Psychosocial factors included sense of control, positive relations with others, independence, and interdependence. We computed a health measure by combining two inflammation biomarkers (IL-6 and CRP) and two cardiovascular biomarkers (systolic blood pressure and the ratio of total-to-HDL cholesterol). We expected sense of control and independence would make significant contributions to Americans’ health while positive relations with others and interdependence would be significant for Japanese’s health. The results supported the predictions, confirming different psychosocial pathways to health for the two samples, with diet and exercise as behavioral mechanisms in both cultures. The results provide new insights into the mechanisms for healthy aging in different cultures, and offer a deeper understanding of the cultural impacts on healthy behaviors and the aging process.
SOCIAL CONTEXTS OF FINANCIAL EXPLOITATION OF OLDER ADULTS IN MONGOLIA: AN EXPLORATORY STUDY
Authors: Bagaajav Ariunsanaa 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Financial exploitation (FE) is a type of elder abuse and is the illegal or improper use of funds and resources of older persons. Approximately one in 15 older adults are victimized by FE globally. Due to its devastating consequences, FE has been identified as an emerging health, financial, and social crisis. Evidence suggests exploring cultural values is crucial to understanding the nature of FE in a specific context. While conceptualization of FE varies significantly across cultures, little is known about FE in Mongolia given its potential for increased vulnerability. We present findings of a secondary analysis of previously conducted exploratory study in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. A total of 24 physicians participated in semi-structured interviews, participants who were uniquely positioned to encounter incidences of FE due to requent contact with older patients. All interviews were audiotaped and transcribed verbatim. Grounded theory methods were used for the data analysis. This study found that older Mongolians are at increased vulnerability to financial exploitation due to mounting financial hardships their families experience. To assist, older adults take out pension loans with high interest fees. Due to a lack of personal fund, essential needs of older adults are often ignored. In some instances, older adults’ pensions could be the most reliable source of income for poor families. Physicians believe while some older adults act upon willingly to assist, some might be forced under the collective decision made by family members. The findings of this study advanced the knowledge of FE in Mongolia which was formerly understudied.
THE ROLE OF LATE-LIFE WORK AMONG KOREAN WIDOWED ADULTS
Authors: Cho Hyeonji , Kim Nahyun , Kim Kyungmin 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
According to the Dual Process Model, oscillation between two types of stressors and coping processes—loss-oriented and restoration-oriented leads bereaved individuals toward the adaptive coping. Previous studies have focused on the buffering effects of social engagement such as volunteering or leisure as restoring activities, but little is known about the role of work. In Korea, employment rates of older adults are rising, and many people wish to keep working after the retirement age. This study examines the restoring effects of work among Korean widowed adults. Utilizing five waves of the Korean Retirement and Income Study (2011–2019; conducted biennially), we analyzed 481 middle-aged and older adults (aged 52–95) who experienced spousal loss during the study period. The widowed participants provided data on their employment status and perceived health status, including sociodemographic characteristics at both pre-loss (T1) and post-loss (T2). On average, participants’ perceived physical health (MT1 = 2.75, MT2 = 2.61) and mental health (MT1 = 3.20, MT2 = 3.07) deteriorated after the bereavement. Residualized change models found that employed participants (29.7%) showed a smaller decrease in perceived physical health (B = 0.35, p &lt; .001) and mental health (B = 0.18, p = .046) compared to their counterparts, which supports the buffering effect of late-life work in the bereavement process. We also found a significant interaction between employment status and net wealth for perceived physical health (B = -0.04, p = .037), showing that the effect of employment stood out more among economically vulnerable people.
EMERGENCE OF ADDICTION SUBSTITUTION: SUBSTANCE USE RESULTING FROM ALCOHOL USE DISORDER RECOVERY IN A US SAMPLE
Authors: Sun Yixuan , Kwan Thomas , Bowlby Douglas , Lee Matthew 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Addiction substitution refers to the increased use of other addictive substances after recovery from a prior addiction. Previous research shows that addiction substitution may lead to a poorer recovery prognosis, and an increased chance of relapse with the primary substance. If health concerns affect the likelihood of substance switching, then this concerns aging segments of the U.S. population. The aim of this study was (1) to examine the relationship between recovery from alcohol use disorder (AUD) and the subsequent use of other substances and (2) to identify covariates that affect the relationship between recovery and addiction substitution. This study used two-waves of longitudinal data from NESARC (National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions), a U.S. representative sample aged 18-90+. We used 2*2 Chi-square analyses to examine the likelihood of the emergence of Wave 2 substance use (e.g., opioids) among those who had recovered from AUD between Waves 1 and 2. We ran a subsequent analysis to determine if various health outcomes predicted substance switching. The results showed that there was a significant decrease in the likelihood of becoming an opioid user by wave 2 among those who recovered from AUD in wave 1. Analysis of potential confounds identified that those who recovered from AUD but reported poor health were more likely than other recoveries to increase opioid use. Results suggest that recovery from AUD reduces the use of other substances. However, health issues increase the likelihood of substance switching occurring among those recovering from AUD.
OLDER ADULT SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER TREATMENT LANDSCAPE 2020: CLIENT-LEVEL AND FACILITY-LEVEL FACTORS
Authors: Morgen Keith 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Older adult substance use disorders (SUD) care requires specialized clinical practice. This poster reviews two datasets to emphasize client-level and facility-level factors (overall and state-by-state) relevant to older adult treatment programming, co-occurring disorders care, and days waiting for admission to treatment. The 2020 data from the National Survey of Substance Abuse Treatment Services (N-SSATS), administered by The Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality (CBHSQ) of the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA), U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, collects data from public/private SUD treatment facilities in the United States. Data from 16,066 facilities demonstrated only 24.7% of all facilities reported programming tailored for older adult care, with state-by-state analysis showing a range of 4.6% to 61.4% of treatment programs reporting older adult tailored care. The deficits of older adult programming availability are explained against the context of the 2020 Treatment Episode Dataset-Admissions (TEDS-A), administered by the CBHSQ, that examines admissions data from all 50 states, as well as the District of Columbia, U.S. territories, and Compact of Free Association (COFA) partners. The TEDS-A data consisted of 1,416,357 admissions, of which 11.8% (n=167,200) were aged 55 years-old or older. Of this older adult sample, 32.8% reported a co-occurring SUD and mental health disorder and 13.9% reported some number of days waiting to enter treatment. These (and other) client-level and facility-level factors (overall and state-by-state) will be used to emphasize specific needs for older adult SUD care.
PROFILE OF CAREGIVING ACTIVITIES AND ASSOCIATION WITH PHYSICAL HEALTH AMONG DEMENTIA SPOUSAL CAREGIVERS
Authors: Cho Jinmyoung , Sands Laura , Stevens Alan , Allore Heather , Horstman Molly , Milius Rose , Hickey Amber 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The daily care of a person living with Alzheimer’s disease and related dementia (ADRD) is associated with threats to the health and well-being of family caregivers. Although more is known about the relationship between caregiving and psychosocial distress, far less is known about the relationship between caregiving and physical health and health behaviors. This study aims to identify intensity of caregiving experience profiles and compare the profiles to multidimensional physical health indicators and health behaviors among spousal caregivers for persons with ADRD. Using data from 152 spousal caregivers aged 65 and over, the intensity of caregiving experience (ICE) was measured as the number and frequency of health- and medical-related helping activities for his/her care recipient. Multidimensional health indicators included fatigue, sleep disturbance, physical functioning, pain interference, and general health from self-reports, and the number of chronic conditions from the electronic health records. Health promotion behaviors were assessed as: health responsibility, physical activity, nutrition, interpersonal relations, and stress management. Cluster analysis was performed to determine the number of ICE profiles. T-tests and chi2 tests were to assess differences in health indicators and behaviors between clusters. We identified two distinct caregiving experience patterns: high-intensity (37.5%) and low-intensity (62.5%) caregiving. Caregivers from the high-intensity caregiving cluster reported feeling more tired (t=2.254, p&lt; .05), perceiving more sleep disturbance (t=3.06, p&lt; .001), and performing less physical activity (t=2.05, p&lt; .05). Future studies are needed to develop effective interventions to reduce sleep disturbance and fatigue among family caregivers who are heavily involved in caregiving activities.
PHYSICAL ACTIVITY PROFILE AND PREFERENCE AMONG OLDER ADULT PATIENTS WITH CANCER: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY
Authors: Nemati Donya , Ballinger Tarah 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Physical activity (PA) is beneficial for older adults (OAs) with cancer by improving physical function, mental health, and lowering the risk of recurrence in some cancer types. However, limited knowledge on OAs preferences may impede effective interventions. This study aimed to identify the PA profiles and preferences of OAs (age≥ 65) compared to younger adult (YA;18-64 years old) cancer patients. Data were collected from 372 adult patients with non-metastatic cancers visiting Indiana University Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center between July 2020-June 2021. Patients completed a cross-sectional survey comprising disease characteristics, PA habits, and PA preferences. A total of 132 OA patients (age 71 ± 5.2 years) were predominantly male (56.1%) and Caucasian (92.4%). Of these, 33.8% reported a decrease in PA after their cancer diagnosis. Fatigue (22%) and lack of motivation (16%) were the most reported PA barriers. While 43% of patients received exercise recommendations from their oncologists, 75% of those did not receive specific guidance. The majority of OAs preferred home-based workouts (65.9%) and exercise motivation packages (52.7%) over exercising at a cancer center facility (26%). Compared to YA patients (n=237), a smaller percentage of OAs (26.5% vs. 38.4%: p&lt;.05) believed that PA could reduce the risk of cancer recurrence, and time constraints were less of a barrier for OAs (7.6% vs. 21.5%: p&lt;.05). A home-based PA program that is supported with motivation packages may appeal to OAs with cancer. These findings are informative for designing tailored PA programs that suit the interests and preferences of OA patients with cancer.
ACCELERATING DEMENTIA RESEARCH AND EARLY-CAREER DEVELOPMENT THROUGH THE SUMMER RESEARCH INSTITUTE
Authors: Kline Chelsea , Baumgart Matthew , Bynum Julie , Zimmerman Sheryl , Fazio Sam 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Today, there are more than six million Americans living with Alzheimer’s disease and more than 11 million unpaid caregivers. By 2060, the number of Americans living with Alzheimer’s could reach 14 million. These statistics highlight the need for early career investigators to join the dementia research workforce and accelerate breakthroughs in this field. In 2020, the National Institutes on Aging (NIA) funded the Alzheimer’s Association Interdisciplinary Summer Research Institute (AA-ISRI) focused on early career investigators interested in psychosocial and public health research related to dementia. AA-ISRI is a five-day immersive experience in which 24 early career investigators are selected to come to Chicago, attend didactic lectures led by expert faculty, develop research proposals in small groups, and receive one-to-one mentoring. Participants leave AA-ISRI with a greater understanding of the tools needed to succeed in dementia research and an extensive network of colleagues and mentors. Based on evaluations collected from participants from the first two years of the program, 97% of respondents indicated they were satisfied with the program, 94% felt the program increased their understanding of Alzheimer’s, and 90% said the program improved their independent research skills. Participants have shared that AA-ISRI is a highly unique opportunity that every early career investigator in the field should attend. Alumni from the first two years of AA-ISRI have gone on to publish 40+ peer-reviewed publications and have been awarded 15+ grants. This poster will review the development of AA-ISRI, key outcomes, and its impact on the future of dementia research.
CAREGIVER EXPERIENCE WITH FRONTOTEMPORAL DEGENERATION (FTD)
Authors: Kane Esther , Dodge Shana , Reddy Sweatha , Dacks Penny 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Frontotemporal degeneration (FTD) is the umbrella term for a group of young onset neurodegenerative disorders affecting the frontal and temporal lobes of the brain. Symptoms include changes in cognition, language, behavior, motor functioning, and personality. The FTD Insights Survey was designed to learn more about the lived experience of this often misunderstood set of disorders. A total of 1,246 past and current caregivers of people with FTD responded to questions regarding their and their loved one’s experiences with FTD. Caregivers most often provided care for more than 80 hours per week and 10% of respondents provided care for more than one person diagnosed with FTD. The majority were caring for someone or had cared for someone who was diagnosed between ages 50 and 69. Only 36% of caregivers reported the person diagnosed was aware or mostly aware of their symptoms and they noted being most distressed by changes in the diagnosed person’s language, personality, mood, and behavior. The caregivers described the impact of their loved one’s symptoms on activities of daily living at home, in the community, and on interpersonal functioning. The caregivers also provided insight into issues such as the length of time they have provided care, the level of functioning of the person diagnosed, and the impact of FTD symptoms on quality of life. It is critical that healthcare professionals and policy makers understand FTD caregiver strain in order to provide wraparound support and make policy decisions with these features in mind.
PAIN ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT FOR OLDER ADULTS WITH DEMENTIA IN LONG-TERM CARE: A SCOPING REVIEW
Authors: Yang Minhee , Shin Jeongwon 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Self-reporting is essential for assessing pain. However, owing to their cognitive impairment, older adults with dementia may not always express pain. As such, older adults with dementia are at risk of living with undertreated pain. This scoping review aimed to explore and identify current publication trends and strategies regarding pain assessment and management for older adults with dementia in long-term care. Using the scoping review method of Arksey and O’Malley, two reviewers conducted structured searches for articles published from 2012 to 2022 on four databases (CINAHL, Cochrane, PubMed, RISS) and then independently reviewed the full text for eligibility criteria. The review included 40 articles for analysis and identified 20 observational pain tools used in the studies. A few studies assessed pain in older adults with dementia using facial expression recognition technology and electroencephalography. A common pain management strategy identified for older adults with dementia was the application of protocols or clinical guidelines that included a pain assessment and treatment phase. In addition to pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment, a therapeutic robot (PARO) and play activities were investigated to determine whether the pain was alleviated in older adults with dementia. Although studies have been conducted to assess and manage pain in older adults with dementia in long-term care, the review highlighted the need for education and training on pain tools and treatment approaches, as well as for the development of pain management strategies and non-pharmacological interventions.