bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sex Differences in Oxidative Stress–Mediated Reductions in Microvascular Endothelial Function in Young Adult e-Cigarette Users
Authors: Halstead Kristen M. , Wetzel Elizabeth M. , Cho Josalyn L. , Stanhewicz Anna E. 
Published: October 2023

BACKGROUND:
Chronic electronic-cigarette (EC) use is reported to decrease vascular endothelial function. However, the mechanism(s) mediating this reduction remain unclear. In this study, we examined endothelium- and NO-dependent dilation, and the role of oxidative stress in attenuating these responses, in healthy young EC users (n=20, 10 males/10 females) compared with healthy controls (n=20, 10 males/10 females). We hypothesized that EC would have reduced endothelium- and NO-dependent dilation and administration of the superoxide scavenger tempol would increase these responses in EC. We further hypothesized that female EC would have the greatest reductions in endothelium- and NO-dependent dilation.

METHODS:

We assessed microvascular endothelium-dependent vasodilator function in vivo by measurement of cutaneous vascular conductance (%CVCmax) responses to a standardized local heating protocol in control and 10 μM tempol-treated sites. After full expression of the local heating response, 15 mM N
G
-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (NO synthase inhibition) was perfused.

RESULTS:

EC had significantly reduced endothelium- (73±15 versus 87±9%CVCmax;
P
<0.001) and NO-dependent (48±17% versus 62±15%;
P
=0.011) dilation. Tempol perfusion increased endothelium-dependent (84±12%CVCmax
P
=0.01) and NO-dependent (63±14%
P
=0.005) dilation in EC but had no effect in healthy control. Within female sex, EC had lower endothelium-dependent (71±13 versus 89±7%CVCmax;
P
=0.002) and NO-dependent (50±6 versus 69±11%;
P
=0.005) dilation compared with healthy control, and tempol augmented endothelium-dependent (83±13%CVCmax;
P
=0.002) and NO-dependent (62±13%;
P
=0.015) dilation. There were no group or treatment differences within male sex.

CONCLUSION:
Healthy young adult EC users have reduced microvascular endothelium-dependent and NO-dependent dilation, driven by greater reductions in female EC users, and mediated in part by superoxide.
Status of Instrument Development in the Field of Human-Animal Interactions & Bonds: Ten Years On
Authors: Samet Lauren , Vaterlaws-Whiteside Helen , Upjohn Melissa , Casey Rachel 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The multidisciplinary nature of human-(nonhuman) animal interactions (HAI), and global interest in HAI development, has led to an explosion of research in recent years justifying the need to update previous reviews in the subject area. This paper reports the results of a systematic literature review focusing on measures of HAI created in the ten-year period since previous reviews ended (2008). Thirty new HAI questionnaires were identified using two sets of search terms. Results indicated that reliability and validity testing were still not standard within tool creation. Companion animal HAI remained dominant in the instrument field; however, there was continued research into exotic animal HAI and the initiation of research into therapy and assistance animal HAI. Refinement of terminology and consistent use of definitions could facilitate researchers from various disciplines being able to locate relevant research in future. Similar review updates are recommended for attitudes to animal tools.
The Cairo Geniza as a Source for Turkish History
Authors: Dietrich Richard C. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The information in the Cairo Geniza documents has contributed greatly to our understanding of medieval Jewish and, to a lesser degree, Islamic social and economic life. In addition, these documents have also furthered understanding of the development of Arabic, the language of the majority of the Geniza collection. However, for various reasons the Geniza’s possible contribution to the field of Turkish history has largely been ignored. This survey of documents from the Cairo Geniza which mention or allude to the Turks shows that the Geniza collection not only sheds light on aspects of Turkish history in the late 11th and early 12th centuries, but may also indicate new paths of inquiry into the presence and roles of the Turks in the Mediterranean in this period.
Rent Reduction in Hunan and Government-Gentry Conflicts after the Victory in the War of Resistance against Japan
Authors: Zhang Xi 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
After the victory in the War of Resistance against Japan, the rural economy of Hunan province was in decline. In southern provinces, where per capita arable land was minimal and the proportion of tenant farmers considerable, the tenancy system was notably harsh. In 1945, the Guomindang government implemented a one-year rent reduction policy in the recovered territories. However, due to real difficulties, Hunan province postponed its implementation until 1946 and again enacted a rent limit protection policy for tenants in 1947. Nevertheless, with the establishment of the Hunan Provincial Senate in 1946, provincial senators, representing local gentry interests, engaged in a conflict with the rent reduction ordinance put forth by the Hunan provincial government. The conflicting understandings between the two sides about the relationship between the existing system and rent reduction led to an impasse in the legislative process. Eventually, due to the provincial government’s compromises, the rent reduction ordinances were repeatedly revised and ultimately became hollow in substance. At the grassroots level, seeing this situation, implementation was delayed, turning the ordinances into mere paper decrees. Throughout this process, the tenant farmers, deceived by the landlords, resented the government, and the credibility of the Guomindang government was gradually depleted.
From Miṣbāḥ al-Umma to Iqāmat al-Shuhūd: An Historico-Literary Analysis of Muḥammad Riḍā Jadīd al-Islām’s Refutation of Judaism
Authors: Tabataba’i (MehrDad) Mohammad Ali , Eyvazi Heidar 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The Iranian Jewish scholar Rabbi Mullā Āqā Bābā (d. 1849), who converted to Twelver Shiʿi Islam in 1822, is known to modern scholars solely through a posthumous lithograph version of his refutation of his former religion, which was published in 1875 under the dual title Manqūl al-Riḍāʾī and Iqāmat al-shuhūd fī radd al-Yahūd (“The sayings transmitted by Riḍāʾī” and “The stand of the witnesses to refute the Jews”). This article aims to shed new light on this book and its author(s) by studying two hitherto unstudied manuscripts of the work, which predate the lithograph version. It also seeks to highlight the role of later editors in transmitting Mullā Āqā Bābā’s writings to subsequent generations under different titles and in variant forms. Through a literary comparison of the manuscripts and the lithograph version, we try to distinguish the urtext from several layers of modifications made by later scribes and editors.
The Enigma of Suffering
Authors: Bloechl Jeffrey 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Phenomenology has attended often to the theme of pain, but less to suffering. Careful study of the latter leads to results that correspond with observations appearing in the philosophy of medicine and in literature. The difference between pain and suffering exposes the fact that in some instances the latter defies conceptions of subjectivity widely accepted in phenomenology. The subject who suffers is a subject who struggles to give meaning to his or her experience, and in some instances loses the capacity entirely. A phenomenological account of these possibilities sharpens the challenge brought to the theology that, under the heading of theodicy, defends the unitary meaning of all experience. The theology that abandons theodicy may thereby recover a strong sense of its own biblical roots, which nurture a love of the God-man who suffers out of love for us.
Enabling Elaboration and Offering Candidate Understandings. Finnish Turn-Final vai ‘or’ in Requests for Confirmation
Authors: Koivisto Aino 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Like many other languages, in Finnish the alternative conjunction vai (‘or’) can be used in a turn-final position without the presence of an (explicit) alternative. This article discusses the contribution of turn-final vai ‘or’ in requests for confirmation. It argues that there are two main contexts of use. The forward-looking vai-turn seeks confirmation for something that is not based on the previous talk. In this case, vai marks the content of the question as merely one possible alternative. In backward-looking use, the vai-turn offers an interpretation of something that was implied in the previous talk and typically contrasts with a previously held, alternative assumption. The former type enables a (dis)confirmation with elaboration, whereas the latter type makes relevant a (dis)confirmation with minimal specification/explanation. The study contributes to the cross-linguistic research on turn-final particles and specifically, the particle ‘or’.
Stresses Along the Root Surfaces of Maxillary Anterior Dentition During Retraction in Labial and Lingual Mechanics with Varying Level of Bone Support: A Finite Element Study
Authors: Roy Rahul , Nanda Smruti Bhusan , Mishra Sumita , Pradhan Rururaj , Bhatia Virag 
Published: October 2023

Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the stress along the root surfaces of anterior maxillary dentition during retraction in labial and lingual mechanics with varying level of bone support. Materials and methods Eight 3D finite element models (FEM) having 340,215 nodes and 211,543 elements were created with normal periodontium and different levels of alveolar bone loss; four with labial brackets and four with lingual brackets. Sliding mechanics were simulated as en masse retraction of the anterior dentition. The equivalent stresses along the roots of six anterior maxillary teeth were measured in all the models. Results Equivalent stresses in pascals (Pa) generated at the root surfaces of central incisors are always higher in labial technique (right: 4.6013 × 10−2; left: 7.1158 × 10−2) and of canines (right: 10.003 × 10−2; left: 16.789 × 10−2) are always higher in lingual technique. Conclusion In labial technique, central incisor roots are experiencing maximum stress, which might be the explanation of commonly seen higher incidence of root resorption in them during en masse retraction. In lingual technique, canine roots are experiencing higher stresses as compared to other anterior teeth during en masse retraction. Equivalent stresses generated at the root surfaces of canines are more irrespective of the alveolar bone loss in lingual technique.
Ethical conflicts experienced by community nurses: A qualitative study
Authors: Porr Caroline , Gaudine Alice , Smith-Young Joanne 
Published: October 2023

Background Despite news reports of morally distressing situations resulting from complex and demanding community-care delivery in Canada, there has been little research on the topic of ethical conflicts experienced by community-based health care professionals. Research aim To identify ethical conflicts experienced by community nurses. Research design Data were collected using semi-structured interviews and then relevant text was extracted and condensed using qualitative content analysis. This research was part of a larger grounded theory project examining how community nurses manage ethical conflict. Research context and participants Community nurses, including 13 public health nurses and 11 home care nurses from two Canadian provinces, were interviewed. Ethical considerations Study approval was granted by the Health Research Ethics Authority of Newfoundland and Labrador and by provincial health authorities. Findings Seven ethical conflicts were identified and assigned to one of two groups. In the grouping categorized as challenges with obligations or risks, the ethical conflicts were: (1) screening for child developmental issues knowing there is a lack of timely early intervention services; (2) encountering inequities in the health care system; (3) not fulfilling principles, goals, and initiatives of primary and secondary prevention; and (4) feeling powerless to advocate for clients. The remaining ethical conflicts were categorized as challenges with process, risks, and consequences, and were: (5) jeopardizing therapeutic relationships while reporting signs of a child at risk; (6) managing confidentiality when neighbors are clients; and (7) supporting client autonomy and decision-making but uncertain of the consequences. Conclusions Research investigation will continue to be important to raise awareness and mobilize ethics supports as health care services are steadily shifted from institutional to community settings. Moreover, with heightened potential for communicable disease outbreaks across international borders from global warming, community nurses around the world will continue to be required to address ethically-difficult care situations with competence and compassion.
A deep learning-based interferometric synthetic aperture radar framework for abnormal displacement deformation prediction of bridges
Authors: Feng Jinpeng , Gao Kang , Wu Gang , Xu Yichao , Jiang Hejun 
Published: October 2023

This paper first proposes a novel framework for combining deep learning approach and Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) technique to evaluate and predict the condition of bridge displacement . The Long short-term memory (LSTM) neural network and the Small Baseline Subsets InSAR (SBAS-InSAR) are used to predict the longitudinal deformation of the bridge. Firstly, the proposed framework based on LSTM is established to obtain the relationship between the longitudinal deformation of the bridge and the influence parameters (such as temperature, temporal baseline, and others). In particular, the residual connection (RC) module is adapted to form the residual long short-term memory (Res-LSTM) neural network to improve prediction accuracy and robustness. A case study in Nanjing is analyzed to verify the performance of the proposed framework. The extracted datasets obtained from Sentienl-1 are divided into the training, validation, and testing dataset, which can satisfy the requirements in the engineering field. The R 2 and MSE of the testing datasets utilizing the proposed model are 93.17% and 15.62. Furthermore, the results indicated that the proposed framework based on Res-LSTM could predict and warn the abnormal structural deformation, extend the lifespan of structures, and minimize structural damage due to excessive deformation.
Epileptic seizures at multiple sclerosis onset and their role in disease progression
Authors: Grothe Matthias , Ellenberger David , Rommer Paulus S. , Stahmann Alexander , Zettl Uwe K. 
Published: October 2023

Background: Epileptic seizures can occur throughout the course of multiple sclerosis (MS) and are associated with increasing disability progression over time. However, there are no data on whether epileptic seizures at the onset of MS also lead to increasing disability. Objective: To examine disease progression over time for MS patients with epileptic seizures at onset. Methods: We analyzed the data of 30,713 patients on the German Multiple Sclerosis Register in a case–control study for more than 15 years. MS patients with seizures at onset were further divided into subgroups with polysymptomatic and monosymptomatic onset to assess the impact of additional symptoms on disease progression. Results: A total of 46 patients had seizures as onset symptoms. Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) within the first year was lower in the group with seizures at onset compared to controls (0.75 versus 1.6, p < 0.05), which changed until the last reported visit (3.11 versus 3.0). Both subgroups revealed increased EDSS progression over time compared to controls. Conclusion: Epileptic seizures at MS onset are associated with a higher amount of disability progression over time. Additional longitudinal data are needed to further clarify the impact of seizures on the pathophysiology of MS disease progression.
Osteochondral Lesions of the Subtalar Joint: Clinical Outcomes in 11 Patients
Authors: Buck Tristan M.F. , Butler James J. , Azam Mohammad T. , ter Laak Bolk Carlijn , Rikken Quinten G.H. , Weiss Matthew B. , Dahmen Jari , Stufkens Sjoerd A.S. , Kennedy John G. , Kerkhoffs Gino M.M.J. 
Published: October 2023

Objective The purpose of this retrospective case series was to evaluate clinical outcomes following both conservative treatment and arthroscopic bone marrow stimulation (BMS) for the management of symptomatic subtalar osteochondral lesions (OCLs). Design All symptomatic subtalar OCLs with a minimum of 12 months follow-up having undergone either a conservative management or arthroscopic procedure were included. Patient-reported outcomes were collected via questionnaires consisting of the Foot and Ankle Outcome Score (FAOS), Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) of pain in rest, during walking, during stair climbing, and during running. In addition, return to sports data, return to work data, reoperations, and complications were collected and assessed. In total, 11 patients across 2 academic institutions were included (3 males, 8 females). The median age was 43 years (interquartile range [IQR]: 32-53). Results All patients underwent conservative treatment first; in addition, 9 patients underwent subtalar arthroscopic debridement with or without BMS. The median follow-up time was 15 months (IQR: 14-100). In the surgically treated group, the median NRS scores were 2 (IQR: 1-3) during rest, 3 (IQR: 2-4) during walking, 4 (IQR: 4-5) during stair climbing, 5 (IQR: 4-5) during running and the median FAOS score at final follow-up was 74 (IQR: 65-83). In the conservatively treated patients, the median NRS scores were all 0 (IQR: 0-0) and the median FAOS scores were 90 (IQR: 85-94). In the group of surgical treated patients, 4 were able to return to the same level of sports, 2 returned to a lower level of sports. Both conservatively treated patients returned to the sport and the same level of prior participation. All patients except one in the surgical group returned to work. Conclusions This retrospective case series demonstrated that a high number of patients converted to surgery after initial conservative treatment. In addition, debridement and BMS show good clinical outcomes for the management of symptomatic subtalar OCLs at short-term follow-up. No complications nor secondary surgical procedures were noted in the surgically treated group. The high rate of failure of conservative treatment suggests that surgical intervention for symptomatic subtalar OCLs can be the primary treatment strategy; however, further research is warranted in light of the small number of patients.
Psychological needs satisfaction and smartphone addiction among Chinese adolescents: The mediating roles of social anxiety and loneliness
Authors: Sun Ruimei , Li Wanying , Lu Sihan , Gao Qiufeng 
Published: October 2023

Objectives Although previous studies have initially noted that psychological needs satisfaction (PNS) might be a significant risk factor for technology addiction (e.g. online gaming addiction and Internet addiction), specific mechanisms involved in the association between PNS and adolescent smartphone addiction are largely unknown. Based on self-determination theory, this cross-sectional study constructed a multiple mediation model to examine whether PNS will influence adolescent smartphone addiction through the mediating roles of social anxiety and loneliness. Methods Eight hundred and ninety-nine Chinese adolescents answered the questionnaire including measures of PNS, social anxiety, loneliness, and smartphone addiction. SPSS 24.0 was used for common method bias test, reliability test, and correlation analysis, and Mplus 7.4 was used to examine the mediating roles of social anxiety and loneliness in the multiple mediation model. Results This study found that (1) PNS was negatively associated with adolescent smartphone addiction; (2) loneliness significantly mediated the association between PNS and smartphone addiction while the mediating role of social anxiety in this association was nonsignificant; and (3) social anxiety and loneliness also sequentially mediated this association. Conclusion This study further enriched potential mechanisms linking PNS and smartphone addiction among adolescents, which may contribute to intervention and prevention programs for adolescent smartphone addiction from the perspective of improving both PNS and negative emotions including social anxiety and loneliness.
Is Delayed Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Associated With a Risk of New Meniscal Tears? Reevaluating a Longstanding Paradigm
Authors: Gupta Arjun , Badin Daniel , Ortiz-Babilonia Carlos , Davidson Anthony J. , Lee R. Jay 
Published: October 2023

Background: Delayed anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction has been associated with an increased risk of meniscal tears. However, studies comparing early versus delayed ACL reconstruction have not clearly demonstrated that meniscal tears diagnosed arthroscopically are new injuries as opposed to concomitant injuries sustained during ACL rupture. Purpose: To determine whether and how delay of ACL reconstruction is associated with risk of “new” meniscal tears (defined as those visualized arthroscopically that had not been detected on magnetic resonance imaging [MRI]) in adult and pediatric patients. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: We retrospectively identified patients who underwent primary ACL reconstruction between 2013 and 2022 at our institution. To ensure that MRI reflected initial intra-articular pathology, we included only patients who had an MRI scan within 3 weeks after injury (173 pediatric and 369 adult patients). Multivariate Poisson regression was performed to calculate the adjusted relative risk (ARR) of new meniscal tears after delayed (≥8 weeks from injury) operative treatment. Results: The mean (± SD) time from injury to MRI was 1.0 ± 0.8 weeks for pediatric patients and 1.1 ± 0.7 weeks for adults. Less than half of the meniscal tears observed arthroscopically had been absent on initial MRI. New medial meniscal tears occurred in 15% of pediatric patients and 16% of adults. New lateral meniscal tears occurred in 48% of pediatric patients and 34% of adults. Among pediatric patients, delayed ACL reconstruction was associated with higher risk of new medial tears (ARR, 3.9; 95% CI, 1.5-10) but not lateral tears (ARR, 0.8; 95% CI, 0.4-1.5). In contrast, adults had no significant increase in risk of meniscal tears associated with operative delay. Conclusion: Delayed ACL reconstruction may be acceptable in adults, who may be less active and less injury-prone than children and adolescents.