bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tyrosine hydroxylase‐immunoreactive interneurons in the olfactory bulb of the frogs Rana pipiens and Xenopus laevis
Authors: Boyd Jamie D. , Delaney Kerry R. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractWe studied tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)‐immunoreactive neurons and neuropil in the olfactory bulb of the leopard frog, Rana pipiens, and in the clawed frog, Xenopus laevis. In both frogs, TH processes in the main olfactory bulb showed a trilaminar organization, with a densely stained external glomerular layer (GL), a moderately stained middle mitral cell layer (MCL), and internally a weakly stained internal plexiform layer (IPL) and granule cell layer (GRL). TH‐positive cells in the MCL and IPL could be divided into two types. Type 1 cells had one or two thick dendrites that arborized within glomeruli in the GL and often had a thin “axon‐like” process that exited the cell on the internal surface, with a recurrent collateral that ascended into the GL. Type 2 cells had beaded dendrites arborizing in the MCL and no discernible axons. Both type 1 and type 2 cells were numerous in the MCL and IPL of Rana, whereas only type 2 cells were common in the MCL and IPL of Xenopus. In the GL, labeled cells were numerous in Xenopus but rare in Rana. Mitral cells were stained retrogradely by tracer injection into the lateral olfactory tract and by local injection into the bulb. In no case was double labeling for TH observed, suggesting that TH‐positive cells in frog olfactory bulb are likely to be interneurons. Double labeling with an anti‐γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) antibody showed that the TH‐positive cells formed a population separate from the GABA‐containing interneurons. J. Comp. Neurol. 454:42–57, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Gene organization and expression of a neuropeptide Y homolog from the land planarian Arthurdendyus triangulatus
Authors: Dougan Paula M. , Mair Gunnar R. , Halton David W. , Curry W. James , Day Tim A. , Maule Aaron G. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractNeuropeptide Y is one of the most widespread regulatory peptides within the vertebrate nervous system and shares the C‐terminal motif [FY]‐x(3)‐[LIVM]‐x(2)‐Y‐x(3)‐[LIVMFY]‐x‐R‐x‐R‐[YF] with pancreatic polypeptide, peptide YY, and fish pancreatic peptide Y. All four peptides are believed to have arisen from a single ancestral gene through successive gene duplication events in vertebrates. The origin of this peptide family may date back further still; similarly sized peptide transmitters with an identical C‐terminal motif have been identified in molluscs and flatworms and designated neuropeptide F (NPF). Cloning of the npf gene from the parasitic flatworm Moniezia expansa identified some unusual features within the peptide precursor organization but, at the same time, provided support for an evolutionary relationship of npf and npy genes through the presence of a single intron at a conserved position. To extend the analysis of the evolutionary relationships between invertebrate NPF and vertebrate NPY family peptides, the NPF precursor from the turbellarian Arthurdendyus triangulatus was characterized. Sequence analysis revealed the npf transcript to be 362 base pairs in length encoding a single open reading frame of 81 amino acids. The precursor comprises a signal peptide followed by the mature peptide of 36 amino acids in length, terminating in the typical invertebrate GRPRF motif, followed by a carboxyterminal glycyl extension. The NPF precursor of A. triangulatus shows significant similarities to the vertebrate NPY peptides. Indeed, the N‐terminus of A. triangulatus prepro‐NPF corresponds more closely to that of the vertebrate peptide homologs than to that of other invertebrate NPFs isolated to date. Immunocytochemical localization studies have demonstrated NPF immunoreactivity throughout the nervous system of A. triangulatus, particularly in association with muscular structures. The data support an early evolutionary origin for this peptide transmitter family within the nervous system of basal bilaterians. J. Comp. Neurol. 454:58–64, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Axonal sprouting of a brainstem–spinal pathway after estrogen administration in the adult female rhesus monkey
Authors: Vanderhorst Veronique G.J.M. , Terasawa Ei , Ralston Henry J. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe nucleus retroambiguus (NRA) is located in the caudal medulla oblongata and contains premotor neurons that project to motoneuronal cell groups in the brainstem and spinal cord. NRA projections to the lumbosacral cord are species specific and might be involved in mating behavior. In the female cat, this behavior is estrogen dependent, and estrogen induces axonal sprouting in the NRA–lumbosacral pathway. Because female receptive behavior in primates is not fully dependent on estrogen, the question arises as to whether the capacity of estrogen‐induced sprouting is preserved in primates. The effect of estrogen was studied on the NRA–lumbosacral projection with the use of wheat germ agglutinin conjugated to horseradish peroxidase as a tracer in six adult ovariectomized rhesus monkeys with or without estrogen priming (three controls and three treated with 20 μg/day of estradiol benzoate subcutaneously for 14 days). Light microscopy showed that the density of arborizing labeled NRA axons in the lumbosacral cord was greater in estrogen‐treated than in control animals. Ultrastructurally, labeled NRA terminal profiles were quantified in motoneuron pools that supply muscles of the abdominal wall, axial, and pelvic floor. After estrogen treatment, the average number of labeled terminal profiles per area of the abdominal wall, axial, and pelvic floor motoneuron pool increased 1.5‐, 3.3‐, and 2.8‐fold, respectively. In the estrogen‐treated cases, 8.9% of labeled terminal profiles showed characteristics of growth cones. In controls, such profiles were rarely observed. The results showed that estrogen induces axonal sprouting in a brainstem–spinal pathway in the adult female rhesus monkey. These findings supported the concept that the NRA–lumbosacral pathway may be involved in sexual behavior. Moreover, they demonstrated that a long descending brainstem–spinal tract in adult nonhuman primates retains the capacity for axonal sprouting. J. Comp. Neurol. 454:82–103, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pharyngoesophageal reconstruction with lateral thigh free flap
Authors: Baek Chung‐Hwan , Kim Byung‐Sik , Son Young‐Ik , Ha Bomjoon 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBackgroundWe evaluated the use of a lateral thigh free flap in pharyngoesophageal reconstruction, which is often overlooked and less widely used despite its distinct advantages.MethodsThis study reviewed the patient's medical records, including the patient's age, gender, histopathologic diagnosis, surgical defects, flap size, flap survival, donor and recipient site complications, and swallowing function and voice rehabilitation.ResultsTwelve lateral thigh free flaps were used to primarily reconstruct the pharyngoesophagus in 11 patients after tumor resection from July 1997 to May 1999. Eleven of the 12 flaps (91.7%) were transferred successfully. In one patient, the flap failure occurred as a result of venous thrombosis, and therefore another lateral thigh free flap from the opposite thigh was used 3 days later. The swallowing function was restored in all patients. Prosthetic voice rehabilitation was successfully achieved in all five patients, who primarily underwent tracheoesophageal punctures. No frank fistula or stricture developed. Significant donor site morbidity was not noted.ConclusionsThe lateral thigh free flap is useful and reliable in selected cases of pharyngoesophageal reconstruction and versatile in flap design with favorable functional outcomes of swallowing and voice rehabilitation with minimal donor site morbidity. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Merkel cell carcinoma of the head and neck: A retrospective case series
Authors: Brissett Anthony E. , Olsen Kerry D. , Kasperbauer Jan L. , Lewis Jean E. , Goellner John R. , Spotts Bruce E. , Weaver Amy L. , Strome Scott E. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBackground.Eighty‐five percent of all Merkel cell carcinomas appear on sun‐exposed areas, with 50% to 55% occurring on the head and neck.Methods.A chart review was performed on 22 patients treated for Merkel cell carcinoma of the head and neck between 1981 and 1998.Results.Fifteen patients were men (68%). The average age at operation was 69.9 years (range, 24–84 years). The average duration of follow‐up was 3.6 years (range, 3 days–8.6 years). Overall survival at 1, 2, and 3 years postoperatively was 78%, 68%, and 68%, respectively. The only independent predictor of survival was the type of surgical therapy. All patients who underwent wide local excision (WLE) of the primary tumor with dissection of the lymphatic drainage basin were alive at 2 years as opposed to 68% who had WLE alone and 33% who had Mohs surgery.Conclusions.WLE and dissection of the lymphatic drainage basin provided the best overall survival. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 24: 982–988, 2002
Elevated serum vascular endothelial growth factor and decreased survival in advanced laryngeal carcinoma
Authors: Teknos Theodoros N. , Cox Claudell , Yoo Sirius , Chepeha Douglas B. , Wolf Gregory T. , Bradford Carol R. , Carey Thomas E. , Fisher Susan G. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractPurpose.The purpose of this study was to determine whether serum vascular endothelial growth factor (s‐VEGF) levels at the time of diagnosis correlate with any known tumor variables and overall survival in patients with advanced laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Comparisons with a cohort of normal healthy controls were also performed to determine the potential usefulness of s‐VEGF as a screening tool.Experimental Design.Serum from patients enrolled in the VA Laryngeal Cooperative Study #258 (n = 183), as well as normal healthy controls (n = 40) was used in this analysis. Quantitative enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) for VEGF were performed in duplicate on each serum sample. Demographic and survival data were available for each patient enrolled in the study. Univariate analyses, multivariate Cox regression analyses, and Kaplan‐Meier survival analysis were used.Results.The mean serum concentration of s‐VEGF for the healthy control group was 47.83 ± 0.13 pg/mL. For all patients enrolled in the VA Cooperative Study, regardless of treatment group, the mean s‐VEGF level was 317.22 ± 25.46 pg/mL. The patients randomly assigned to the surgical arm (n = 97) had a mean value of 315.44 ± 30.44 pg/mL. Those randomly assigned to the induction chemotherapy arm (n = 86) had a mean s‐VEGF level of 319.22 ± 42.11 pg/mL. Serum VEGF levels were significantly elevated in patients with laryngeal carcinoma compared with healthy controls (p < .001). The serum VEGF levels in each arm of the trial were also elevated versus the healthy controls (p < .001, surgery arm plus radiotherapy; p < .001, chemotherapy plus radiotherapy). In a univariate analysis, elevated s‐VEGF correlated with poor Karnofsky performance status for all patients with advanced laryngeal carcinoma (p < .008). High s‐VEGF levels also correlated with a poor performance score in patients on the chemotherapy arm of the VA Laryngeal Trial (p < .004). Elevated s‐VEGF levels in the surgical plus radiotherapy arm correlated with node‐positive disease (p = .047) and supraglottic location of the tumor (p = .022). In a multivariate analysis using all known tumor variables and s‐VEGF levels, elevated s‐VEGF levels and infiltrating growth pattern correlated with decreased survival for all evaluated patients with advanced laryngeal carcinoma (p = .065, and p = .018, respectively).Conclusions.Serum VEGF levels are significantly elevated in patients with advanced laryngeal carcinoma versus healthy controls. Elevated pretreatment s‐VEGF levels tended to indicate a more aggressive disease state and a poorer overall survival in advanced laryngeal carcinoma. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 24: 1004–1011, 2002
Correlation of biochemical parameters with single parathyroid adenoma weight and volume
Authors: Bindlish Vinita , Freeman Jeremy L. , Witterick Ian J. , Asa Sylvia L. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractObjective.To determine the relationship of the biochemical parameters serum phosphate, serum calcium, and serum parathyroid hormone levels with respect to parathyroid adenoma weight and volume in primary hyperparathyroidism.Study Design.Retrospective review of 63 cases of primary hyperparathyroidism from 1992 to 1998.Methods.Single parathyroid adenomas were identified from surgical pathology reports. Preoperative calcium, phosphate, and parathyroid hormone levels were collected from charts. The volume of the adenoma was calculated using a mathematical equation for the volume of an ellipsoid object. The data were analyzed using a multiple analysis of variance, and a correlation coefficient was calculated. The level of significance was set at p ≤ .05.Results.With respect to adenoma volume, there was a significant correlation with serum calcium and parathormone levels (p = .0001 and p = .0001, respectively). There was no significant correlation between serum phosphate and adenoma volume. With respect to adenoma weight, there was a significant correlation with serum calcium and parathormone levels (p = .0001 and p = .0001, respectively). There was no significant correlation between serum phosphate and adenoma weight.Conclusions.Preoperative serum calcium and parathormone levels may be able to predict adenoma weight and volume in primary hyperparathyroidism for a single adenoma. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 24: 1000–1003, 2002
The effect of sodicity on the strength of a soil surface
Authors: Rycroft David William , Kyei‐Baffour Nicholas , Tanton Trevor 
Published: October 2002

AbstractConcern that sodicity developing at a soil surface might increase soil strength, and thus have an indirect adverse effect on germination, stimulated this investigation. The aim was to investigate the link between the strength developing at a soil surface and rising salinity and sodicity.A soil containing small amounts of a swelling clay, of a type known to suffer from capping, was deliberately salinised in order to impose a range of salinities and sodicities at the soil surface. It was found that the strength at the surface increased during the actual salinisation process, but this was almost exclusively related to the rise in sodicity, and was not influenced to any great extent by the rising salinity.Further strengthening occurred on leaching, and this was also strongly linked to the sodicity at the soil surface immediately before leaching. The strength of the surface increased with rising sodicity up to a maximum consistent with values indicated in the literature as being likely to cause problems due to swelling and dispersion. Above these critical sodicity levels, the strength of the surface remained constant but at a high value. It was concluded that these processes could account for the observed poor germination on similar soil textures under long‐term irrigation. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Air temperature effect on spray evaporation in sprinkler irrigation
Authors: Lorenzini Giulio 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe temperature effect of the surrounding environment on mean steady aerial water evaporation in sprinkler irrigation is investigated. An experimental set‐up was designed and built to work at opportune operating conditions holding all the other variables constant to minimise the experimental error. One hundred and thirty‐seven tests were performed for this work, of which 81 were considered valid for a statistical analysis of the data measured. Evaporation ranged from 4.15 to 7.73% as the air temperature varied from 21.0 to 27.0° C. Results show a clear dependence of sprinkler water evaporation on air temperature with a logarithmic relation. Further investigations will examine broader temperature intervals to improve the assessment and will consider the effects due to other parameters affecting the phenomenon. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Early estrogen exposure induces abnormal development of Fundulus heteroclitus
Authors: Urushitani Hiroshi , Shimizu Akio , Katsu Yoshinao , Iguchi Taisen 
Published: October 2002

AbstractMany chemicals released into the environment exhibit estrogenic activity, having the potential to disrupt development and the functioning of the endocrine system. In order to establish a model system to study the effects of such environmental chemicals on aquatic animals, we examined the effects of a natural estrogen, 17β‐estradiol (E2), on early development of Fundulus heteroclitus. Embryos of F. heteroclitus were reared in seawater containing 10−10, 10−8, and 10−6 M E2 throughout the experiment. Hatching and survival rates decreased in a dose‐dependent manner, and fry treated with 10−6 M E2 and 10−8 M E2 were dead by two weeks and 12 weeks after hatching, respectively. More than 85% of fry treated with 10−8 M E2 showed malformations: i.e., eye extrusion, crooked vertebral column, faded lateral‐stripe pattern eight weeks after hatching. Body weight and head and body lengths were significantly reduced in E2‐treated fry when compared to controls. Ossification was not completed in vertebrae, cranial bones, and other bones in fry treated with 10−8 M E2 even 12 weeks after hatching. Sex ratio of control fry was 57% male and 43% female, whereas fry treated with 10−8 M E2 were 100% female eight weeks after hatching. The present results demonstrate that exogenous estrogen induced death of embryos and fry, malformations, sex reversal, and incomplete ossification of vertebrae and cranial bones, which would result in shorter body and head lengths and in malformed vertebrae leading to a hunchback condition. J. Exp. Zool. 293: 693–702, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effects of prenyl pyrophosphates on the binding of S‐ras proteins with KSR
Authors: Chen Chau‐huei , Fan Junn‐huei , Chuang Nin‐nin 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBALB/3T3 cells were transformed by transfection with DNA encoding the mutated ras(Q61K) from shrimp Penaeus japonicus (Huang et al., 2001. J. Exp. Zool. 289:441–448). On a Western blot, the kinase suppressor of Ras (KSR) in the membrane fraction was expressed at slightly reduced level as compared to that of the untransformed cells. To understand this in more detail, the interaction of the bacterially expressed shrimp Ras (S‐Ras) with KSR was investigated using KSR purified from mice brains. SDS‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and Western blot analysis revealed that the monomers of the purified KSR have a relative molecular mass of 60,000. Purified KSR was found to bind with digoxigenylated S‐ras‐encoding fusion protein (Dig‐S‐Ras) with high affinity in the absence of ATP, and the binding activity of KSR was sustained upon phosphorylation of Dig‐S‐Ras with mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK). The association of purified KSR with S‐Ras was confirmed. Differences between the effects of farnesyl pyrophosphate and geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate on the binding of S‐Ras with the purified KSR were assessed. Densitometer analysis revealed that at nanogram concentration, farnesyl pyrophosphate inhibited the binding of S‐Ras with KSR competently, but geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate did not. The present study provides the evidence that decrease of the concentration of farnesyl pyrophosphate to sub‐microgram levels lower the affinity of Ras proteins with KSR in the signaling pathway. J. Exp. Zool. 293:551–560, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ejaculate of sneaker males is pheromonally inconspicuous in the black goby, Gobius niger (Teleostei, Gobiidae)
Authors: Locatello L. , Mazzoldi C. , Rasotto M.B. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe black goby, Gobius niger, shows alternative male mating tactics, i.e., parental and sneaker males. Males release a sexual pheromone that attracts females and stimulates aggressive displays in males. This pheromone is produced by the mesorchial gland, a structure well developed in parental males but markedly undeveloped in sneakers. We measured the behavioral response of parental males to the ejaculates of males performing different reproductive tactics. Parental males reacted to the ejaculate of other parental males, with stereotypic aggressive behaviors, but not to the ejaculate of sneakers; consequently sneaker male ejaculate appears to be pheromonally inconspicuous. J. Exp. Zool. 293:601–605, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Oxidative, heat and anthelminthic stress responses in four species of Trichinella: comparative study
Authors: Martinez Javier , Perez‐Serrano Jorge , Bernadina W.E. , Rodriguez‐Caabeiro Filomena 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe aim of this study was to compare levels of stress proteins in four Trichinella species when exposed to different stressors. Heat shock protein (HSP) 60, 70 and 90 responses were evaluated in infective larvae (L1) of four classic Trichinella species following exposure to oxidative, anthelminthic and thermal stress. Larvae of T. nativa, T nelsoni, T. pseudospiralis and T. spiralis were exposed to peroxide shock (0.2%, 1%, or 2% H2O2for 2h), high temperatures (40°C or 45°C for 2h), or 0.1µg/ml of the benzimidazole anthelminthics: mebendazole (MBZ), albendazole (ALB) or thiabendazole (TBZ) for 4h. Following exposures, the L1 were tested for induced morphological changes. Those observed were: (i) no change (in all species exposed to 40° C) (ii) aberrant forms (in all species exposed to anthelminthics, in T. nativa, T. nelsoni and T. spiralis exposed to 45°C, and in T. spiralis and T. nelsoni exposed to 0.2% H2O2) and (iii) severe degradation or death (in T. nativa and T. pseudospiralis exposed to 0.2% H2O2, and in all species at 1% and 2% H2O2). In Western blot analyses, L1 proteins were probed with monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) specific for the three HSPs. Greater changes in HSP levels occurred following H2O2 exposure than with other stresses in all Trichinella species, while accumulation of a 50 kDa HSP was only observed in T. spiralis and T. pseudospiralis. Anthelminthic stress only caused decreased HSP levels in T. nativa. Thermal stress caused no significant changes in the HSP response of any species. It is suggested that other stress proteins (e.g., glucose‐regulated proteins) may be involved in adaptation to thermal stress. J. Exp. Zool. 293:664–674, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.