bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The evolution of global portal strategy
Authors: Robles Fernando 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe worldwide penetration of the Internet has provided great opportunities for global expansion of Internet
portals. Despite their early advantage and superior technology, U.S.‐based portals have failed to challenge
strong local portals. This article describes the internationalization of portals, using the extended
integration‐responsiveness theory to explain the pressures of international portal strategies, and
speculates on the future of international portals. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Unpedigreed populations and worst‐case scenarios
Authors: Willis Kevin 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA population in which parentage information is not recorded is considered a pedigree “black hole” in terms of genetic management. Integration of animals from such an unpedigreed population into a genetically managed population is often accomplished by assuming a worst‐case scenario and recording all animals as highly interrelated (e.g., full siblings). The assumption that a worst‐case scenario is appropriate under a wide variety of circumstances is evaluated. It was determined that the genetic costs of overestimating relationships among animals from an unpedigreed population are always greater than the genetic costs of underestimating relationships by the same amount. This demonstrates that worst‐case scenarios, which are by definition intentional overestimates, are not generally appropriate. A method of obtaining an estimate that will yield the lowest overall genetic cost using the possible maximum and minimum levels of relatedness among animals from the unpedigreed population is presented along with two methods for implementation. Finally, for cases in which the estimated average relatedness among animals from an unpedigreed population is low, it is recommended that different analytical studbook datasets be used for calculation of inbreeding coefficients and mean kinship coefficients. This strategy would allow close estimation of average relatedness without risking inadvertent pairing of highly related animals from the unpedigreed population. Zoo Biol 20:305–314, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Extended Left Hepatectomy
Authors: Povoski Stephen P. , Fong Yuman , Blumgart Leslie H. 
Published: August 2002

Abstract.Extended left hepatectomy (resection of Couinaud segments II, III, IV, V, and VIII of the liver) has only slowly been appreciated as a viable resectional technique for large, strategically placed, left‐sided and central hepatic lesions that extend to involve the right anterior sectoral portal pedicular structures. We report on the preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative findings of 51 patients undergoing extended left hepatectomy at Memorial Sloan‐Kettering from 1992 to 1998. Median age was 58 years (range 1–85), with 28 males and 23 females. Altogether 34 patients had metastatic hepatic malignancies, 14 had primary hepatic malignancies, and 3 had benign hepatic lesions. Median postoperative length of stay was 10 days (range 6–52). Postoperative morbidity and mortality were 53% and 8%, respectively. Multivariate analysis of multiple preoperative variables disclosed that only the largest hepatic lesion of >8 cm (p= 0.033) was an independent predictor of a positive microscopic margin or tumor within one high power field. No preoperative, intraoperative, or postoperative variables were independent predictors of postoperative morbidity or mortality. Utilization of extended left hepatectomy allows resection of critically positioned hepatic lesions previously thought unresectable. It can be performed relatively safely, although it is not without somewhat increased postoperative morbidity and mortality compared to lesser anatomic hepatic resections. Patient selection, as dictated by factors associated with adequate tumor clearance (tumor size and proximity to the right sectoral portal pedicular structures), may be important for determining appropriate candidates for this aggressive resectional technique.
A meta‐analysis of the verbal overshadowing effect in face identification
Authors: Meissner Christian A. , Brigham John C. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractRecent studies have demonstrated that requesting individuals to produce a verbal description of a previously seen face can hinder subsequent attempts at identification. This phenomenon, termed ‘verbal overshadowing’, has been studied rather extensively in the face‐identification paradigm; however, studies have not always replicated the general effect. Based upon both practical and theoretical interests in the phenomenon, a meta‐analysis of 29 effect size comparisons (N = 2018) was conducted. Across the sample of studies there was a small, yet significant, negative effect (Fisher's Zr = −0.12), indicating some degree of verbal impairment or overshadowing. A fixed‐effects analysis of several moderating variables demonstrated a significant effect of post‐description delay and type of description instruction. The pattern of means indicated that overshadowing effects were more likely to occur when the identification task immediately followed the description task, and when participants were given an elaborative, as opposed to a standard (free recall), instruction during the description task. Inconsistencies in the literature are discussed, as well as various theoretical and applied issues regarding the verbal overshadowing effect. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Five years later: children's memory for medical emergencies
Authors: Peterson Carole , Whalen Nikki 
Published: August 2002

AbstractChildren who had been 2–13 years of age at the time of a medical emergency (an injury serious enough to require hospital ER treatment) were re‐interviewed about their injury and treatment five years after injury, and three years after a previous interview. The children showed excellent recall of the central components of their injury experience, although their recall of hospital treatment was more incomplete. Thus, both the nature of the event being recalled (the injury versus the hospital treatment) and the centrality of information (central versus peripheral) were important. The recall of 2‐year‐olds, although not as good as that of children just a year older, did not fit with predictions of infantile amnesia since they recalled a considerable amount about their injury. High stress levels at the time of the target experiences had little effect on the highly memorable injury event, but seemed to facilitate children's recall of central components of the hospital event—the event that they had a harder time remembering. Implications for eyewitness testimony are discussed. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The effects of early trauma on autobiographical memory and schematic self‐representation
Authors: Reviere Susan L. , Bakeman Roger 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis study investigated empirically clinical assumptions regarding deficits in autobiographical memory and schematic self‐representation associated with early interpersonal trauma. A sample of 110 undergraduates completed a protocol involving interviews and questionnaires related to trauma history, early autobiographical memory, and other clinical factors not used in the immediate study. An adult autobiographical memory coding scheme was developed to determine degree of elaboration of memories. It was hypothesized that in a group positive for trauma history as compared with non‐trauma controls, deficits in the elaboration of autobiographical memory would be found and that such deficits would be a basis for impairments in schematic self‐representation. No differences were found between trauma and no‐trauma groups on most major variables. One of three dimensions of self‐representation, a factor named identity integration, was significantly related to trauma severity, suggesting that greater severity is related to less integration of identity. Otherwise, the hypotheses were not supported. In an exploratory analysis of the memory narratives, there was one additional significant finding suggesting that memories that participants self‐labeled as traumatic were more elaborated than all other memories. The autobiographical memory coding scheme was found to be a reliable measure of elaboration. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Controlled release of migration of molluscicidal saponin from different types of polymers containing Calendula officinalis
Authors: Helaly F. M. , Soliman H. S. M. , Soheir A. D. , Ahmed A. A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractTriterpene saponins of marigold (Calendula officinalis; family compositae) were hydrolyzed and examined for their molluscicidal activity. It was found that 10.25 mg l−1 of the partially hydrolyzed saponin was lethal to 100% of snails after 24 h, while 50 mg l−1 of the intact saponin produced the same effect. Natural rubber, styrene–butadiene rubber, and starch were used as binding matrices for the bioactive natural products (C. officinalis) for releasing saponin in minute amounts over long periods of time. The rate of release of saponin varied according to the type of polymer matrix, the type of fillers, and the filler concentration. The rate of release extended to over 3 months when the physico‐mechanical properties of styrene–butadiene rubber formulations were improved by the presence of black and white fillers. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Adv Polym Techn 20: 305–311, 2001
Importance of RDW value in differential diagnosis of hypochrome anemias
Authors: Aslan D. , Gümrük F. , Gürgey A. , Altay Ç. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractRed cell distribution width (RDW) was studied in adults carrying δ‐β thalassemia traits (δβ‐TT) who were 20–40 years of age (n = 29), β thalassemia traits (β‐TT) with an age range of 18–60 years (n = 49), iron deficiency anemia (IDA) in individuals aged 1–18 years (n = 27), and in controls with an age range of 20–40 years (n = 20). Although red blood cell count, MCV, and MCH values showed no statistically significant differences between δβ‐TT and β‐TT, the mean RDW value was significantly higher in δβ‐TT (20.14 ± 1.21) compared to β‐TT (14.88 ±1.77) (P < 0.001). No difference was observed between the means of RDW in δβ‐TT and IDA (18.00 ± 1.94) (P > 0.05). A significant rise in RDW in IDA 5–7 days after initiation of iron therapy (P = 0.00) which was continued to rise up to the 4th week of therapy was suggested as an important tool in differentiation of IDA from δβ‐TT. These observations could be kept in mind in the differential diagnosis of δβ‐TT from β‐TT and IDA by determining the red blood cell count, red cell indices, and RDW only. Am. J. Hematol. 69:31‐33, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of all‐trans‐Retinoic acid on the hypercoagulable state of patients with breast cancer
Authors: Falanga A. , Toma S. , Marchetti M. , Palumbo R. , Raffo P. , Consonni R. , Marziali S. , Dastoli G. , Barbui T. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractTo evaluate whether all‐trans‐retinoic acid (ATRA) is able to modulate the hemostatic system in patients with solid tumors, we studied patients with locally advanced breast cancer who were enrolled in a Phase Ib study of ATRA ± Tamoxifen (Tam). In this study, two groups of 15 patients/each were treated for 21 days before operation with ATRA at three doses (15, 45, or 75 mg/m2/day on alternate days) given alone (group 1) or in combination with Tam (group 2). One additional group received Tam alone. Plasma samples were evaluated for hypercoagulation markers (FVIIa, F1+2, TAT, D‐dimer), fibrinolysis proteins (t‐PA, PAI‐1), and coagulation inhibitors (protein C, AT). At baseline, cancer patients had FVIIa, F1+2, TAT, and PAI‐1 significantly greater than control subjects. During treatment, in the patients given ATRA alone, hypercoagulation markers appeared unmodified. Instead, subjects given Tam alone had a significant elevation of FVIIa, F1+2, and TAT versus baseline. However, in the ATRA + Tam groups, hypercoagulation markers were decreased compared with Tam alone. These results suggest that in selected conditions, pre‐operative ATRA may modulate the hypercoagulable state of breast cancer patients. Am. J. Hematol. 70:9–15, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Helping patterns and reproductive success in Aymara communities
Authors: Crognier E. , Villena M. , Vargas E. 
Published: August 2002

Abstract“Helpers at the nest,” young adults remaining in their parents home to take care of younger siblings, are known in many species of birds and mammals. Similar behaviors are occasionally observed in human societies but their frequency and significance for parental reproductive success are still not fully appraised. This study was designed to document this issue in a traditional Aymara peasant society of the Bolivian Altiplano, It is based on 359 reproductive life histories of women 45 years of age or older and on a survey of children's workload in 1998 and 1999. The presence of “potential helpers” in the household is significantly associated with higher fertility and with improved survival of siblings to sexual maturity. Caretaking is not particularly assigned to older daughters. The positive relationship between the availability of offspring help and reproductive success does not demonstrate a causal role for child caretaking because, in contrast with nonhuman helpers, workloads of children range from housekeeping to agricultural tasks, instead of being focused on feeding or protecting younger siblings. Correlation and multiple regression analyses, however, suggest that the total amount of care given by the older offspring and the amount of care received by each recipient are, along with offspring contribution to household economy, among the determinants of parental reproductive success. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 14:372–379, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Association of tetralogy of Fallot with a distinct region of del22q11.2
Authors: Kessler‐Icekson Gania , Birk Einat , Weintraub Ari Y. , Barhum Yael , Kotlyar Violetta , Schlesinger Hadassa , Rockah Rivka , Vidne Bernardo A. , Frisch Amos 
Published: August 2002

AbstractCongenital heart defects (CHDs) appear in greater frequency among relatives of patients and in individuals with DiGeorge syndrome (DGS) or velo‐cardio‐facial syndrome (VCFS). A majority of these patients and part of the apparently nonsyndromic CHD patients with conotruncal defects manifest hemizygous deletions within chromosome 22q11.2 (del22q11). We tested myocardial tissues of 31 CHD patients, 21 with tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) and 10 with a double‐chamber right ventricle (DCRV). DNA isolated from tissues removed at corrective surgery was analyzed for homo‐ or heterozygosity of nine polymorphic short tandem repeat (STR) markers along the 22q11.2 region. DNA from the blood of 45 healthy individuals represented the general population. Ten of the 21 TOF patients (48%) showed homozygosity for three or more consecutive markers, indicating deletions of various sizes. No such indication was found for DCRV patients. Heterozygosity for markers D22S1648, D22S941, and D22S944 was lower in the TOF group than in normal controls, defining a minimal critical region (MCR) for the deletion. Our findings support an association between TOF and hemizygosity in 22q11.2, suggesting a distinct region, between markers D22S1638 and COMT, that may harbor TOF susceptibility genes. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cerebro‐osseous‐digital syndrome: Four new cases of a lethal skeletal dysplasia—distinct from Neu‐Laxova syndrome
Authors: Elliott Alison M. , Gonzales Marie , Hoeffel Jean‐Claude , Le Merrer Martine , Maroteaux Pierre , Encha‐Razavi Ferechte , Joye Nicole , Berchel Colette , Fliegel Christian , Aughton David J. , Beaudry‐Rodgers Kelly , Hasteh Farnez , Nerlich Andreas G. , Wilcox William R. , Rimoin David L. , Lachman Ralph S. , Freisinger Peter 
Published: August 2002

AbstractNeu‐Laxova Syndrome (NLS) is a severe disorder with intrauterine growth retardation, edema, and characteristic face (including microcephaly with receding forehead, protuberant eyes, a flattened nose, deformed ears, cleft palate, and micrognathia). Ichthyosis is often present. Limb anomalies include hypoplastic fingers and syndactyly of fingers and toes. Patients are usually stillborn or die shortly after birth. We report five unrelated patients—four with atypical NLS and one with typical NLS. All five patients were stillbirths. Clinically, the atypical NLS patients showed a large skull; rhizo‐, meso‐, and acromelia; and hypoplasia of the metacarpals and phalanges. The feet were similarly affected. Radiographically, the atypical patients showed interpediculate narrowing and hypoplastic vertebral bodies. The long bones were stick‐like, showing diaphyseal widening that spared the metaphyses and was more pronounced in the lower extremities. The ilia had a half‐moon configuration with widening of the sacrosciatic notches. The ischia were vertical and the pubic bone was absent. The typical NLS patient showed microcephaly, normal vertebral body, and long bone ossification, but a pelvic configuration similar to that of the atypical NLS patients. The common and distinguishing clinical and radiographic features are reviewed. Scott et al. [1981: Am J Med Genet 9:165–175] described two patients with NLS with radiographic and clinical findings similar to patients 1–4 reported here. Patients 1–4 of this report lack the typical findings of NLS and likely represent a distinct lethal skeletal dysplasia. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Familial mediterranean fever: The segregation of four different mutations in 13 individuals from one inbred family: Genotype–phenotype correlation and intrafamilial variability
Authors: Gershoni‐Baruch Ruth , Shinawi Marwan , Shamaly Hussein , Katsinetz Leah , Brik Riva 
Published: August 2002

AbstractFamilial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is an autosomal recessive disease characterized by recurring attacks of fever and serositis. Six sequence alterations (M694V, V726A, K695R, M680I, M694I, and E148Q), in the MEFV gene, account for the majority of FMF chromosomes. Differences in the clinical expression have been mainly attributed to MEFV allelic heterogeneity. Homozygotes for the M694V mutation have a more severe form of the disease and more frequently demonstrate articular and renal complications. The clinical manifestations associated with mutation M680I are considered less severe. Mutations E148Q, K695R and V726A have reduced penetrance, and many individual homozygotes or compound heterozygotes for these mutations remain asymptomatic. Here we report on one inbred family with 13 individuals (one grandparent, three parents, and nine grandchildren), either homozygotes or compound heterozygotes, for one or two of four mutations (V726A, M694V, M680I, and K695R). Three parents and one grandparent who each carried two mutated alleles remained asymptomatic. Of nine grandchildren who were compound heterozygotes for two mutations in the MEFV gene, only those with either the M694V/V726A or the M694V/M680I genotypes manifested the disease, bearing further evidence to the severity of mutation M694V in individuals sharing a similar genetic and environmental background. Nevertheless, one father and one grandmother who carried the M694V/V726A compound heterozygous genotype were symptom‐free, while the four grandchildren with the same genotype manifested the disease from early age, providing further evidence for the role of additional environmental and genetic modifiers. The occurrence of four different mutations in two sets of consanguineous parents merits consideration per se. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Seasonal variation in the feeding ecology of the grey‐cheeked mangabey (Lophocebus albigena) in Cameroon
Authors: Poulsen John R. , Clark Connie J. , Smith Thomas B. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractSeasonal fluctuations in resource abundance often cause primates to change their feeding behavior and ecology. The objective of this study was to examine the response of a largely frugivorous monkey, the grey‐cheeked mangabey (Lophocebus albigena), to seasonal variations in fruit abundance. We used 15‐min scan sampling to quantify feeding, activity, and habitat use by monkeys between February and December 1998 in the Dja Reserve, Cameroon. L. albigena were found to have omnivorous feeding habits, consuming the fruits, seeds, leaves, and flowers of 132 plant species. Although monkeys fed from many plant species, only five plant species accounted for 45% of all feeding records. The number of feeding observations on a plant species was significantly correlated with its fruit production. L. albigena responded to fruit‐lean periods by shifting from a diet dominated by fruit to one dominated by seeds, flowers, and young leaves. This diet shift coincided with greater use of swamp habitat and higher dietary diversity. L. albigena spent the greatest percentage of scan samples feeding and traveling, but activities varied significantly over the day. Individuals spent a significantly higher percentage of scan samples feeding during the fruit‐rich season than in the fruit‐lean season. Comparing our results to those of studies in Gabon and Uganda, we found that L. albigena differ across regions in the number of plant species they consume and time spent feeding. These differences may be a result of variations in tree diversity or the strength of seasonal fluctuations in resource abundance among sites. Am. J. Primatol. 54:91–105, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Patterns of lateralized hand use in an arboreal primate, Simias concolor
Authors: Miller Cory T. , Paciulli Lisa M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractStudies of hand use in nonhuman primates suggest that several species exhibit hand preferences for a variety of tasks. The majority of studies, however, focus on the lateralized hand use of captive nonhuman primate populations. Although captive settings offer a more controlled environment for assessing hand preferences, studies of wild populations provide important insights into how handedness is affected by natural environmental conditions and thus potential insights into the evolution of handedness. To investigate handedness in a population of wild nonhuman primates, we studied patterns of lateralized hand use during feeding in four simakobu monkeys (Simias concolor), an arboreal species inhabiting the Mentawai Islands, Indonesia. Our data show that individual variation in hand preferences for feeding existed among our study animals. In addition, each simakobu expressed a significant hand preference for supporting itself on a branch during feeding, an uncoordinated bimanual task. This bias was most prevalent when the branch used for support was a main branch rather than a terminal branch. When both hands were employed in a coordinated bimanual feeding activity (bimanual manipulation), only two subjects showed a significant bias for feeding. Our data suggest that these individuals are more likely to express significant hand preferences when feeding from stable, rather than precarious, positions within the canopy. Am. J. Primatol. 56:231–236, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.