bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Salvage of free flaps after venous thrombosis: Case report
Authors: Bonde Christian T. , Heslet Lars , Jansen Erik , Elberg Jens J. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractVenous thrombosis of a free flap is a serious complication in microsurgery. Several agents with the ability to dissolve an occluding thrombus exist. Recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt‐PA) seems the most effective. We present our experience with a procedure that was successful in elimination of the occluding thrombus in two patients. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Atraumatic suction tip for microsurgery: Technical note
Authors: Menovsky Tomas , De Vries Joost 
Published: May 2004

AbstractDuring microneurosurgery, frequent suction is essential for a successful operative course. A new self‐made disposable suction tip is described which facilitates atraumatic suction, even near vital anatomical structures. The efficacy of this suction tip was confirmed in selected operative procedures. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Inhibition of iNOS with 1400W improves contractile function and alters nos gene and protein expression in reperfused skeletal muscle
Authors: Patel Prerana , Qi Wen‐Ning , Allen Diane M. , Chen Long‐En , Seaber Anthony V. , Stamler Jonathan S. , Urbaniak James R. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractThis study examined the effects of 1400W, an inhibitor of inducible nitric oxide (iNOS), on contractile function and iNOS expression in reperfused skeletal muscle. The right extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle of 104 rats underwent a sham operation or 3‐h ischemia followed by 3‐h or 24‐h reperfusion (I/R). Rats received 3 mg/kg 1400W, 10 mg/kg 1400W, or water subcutaneously. Results showed that EDL contractile function in both 1400W‐treated groups significantly outperformed the controls at 24‐h but not at 3‐h reperfusion. Although iNOS expression increased in all three I/R groups during reperfusion, a significantly smaller increase was found in 1400W‐treated muscles after 3‐h reperfusion, and more dramatically so after 24‐h reperfusion. Our results indicate that inhibition of iNOS preserved the contractile function in reperfused skeletal muscle, perhaps via downregulating iNOS expression. Protection by 1400W at 24‐h reperfusion suggests that the role of iNOS in exaggerating reperfusion injury is more prominent in the later stages of injury. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Simple and viable in vitro perfusion model for training microvascular anastomoses
Authors: Krishnan Kartik G. , Dramm Peter , Schackert Gabriele 
Published: May 2004

AbstractIn this report, we describe a novel in vitro perfused microvessel model for training microvascular anastomotic exercises. Arteries and veins with a diameter of ca. 1 mm were explanted from chicken wings. These vessels were cannulated at both ends and mounted on a platform. Preserved, expired whole blood obtained from the blood bank was continuously injected through the proximal catheter, using an automatic perfusor. This in vitro perfused microvessel model exactly simulated the viable small‐animal vessels. The setting is very simply and reliably repeated; the materials used are very cheap and universally available. There are no ethical questions involved. Vessels explanted from the human placenta or omentum may be used in a similar manner to gain the “feel” of functioning human microvascular tissue. But such materials are rarer and require the approval of ethical committees. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A Crank‐Nicolson and ADI Galerkin method with quadrature for hyperbolic problems
Authors: Ganesh M. , Mustapha K. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractWe propose, analyze, and implement fully discrete two‐time level Crank‐Nicolson methods with quadrature for solving second‐order hyperbolic initial boundary value problems. Our algorithms include a practical version of the ADI scheme of Fernandes and Fairweather [SIAM J Numer Anal 28 (1991), 1265–1281] and also generalize the methods and analyzes of Baker [SIAM J Numer Anal 13 (1976), 564–576] and Baker and Dougalis [SIAM J Numer Anal 13 (1976), 577–598]. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq, 2005
Tumor size as a predictor of outcome in pediatric non‐metastatic osteosarcoma of the extremity
Authors: Kaste Sue C. , Liu T. , Billups C.A. , Daw N.C. , Pratt C.B. , Meyer W.H. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractBackgroundBetter predictors of outcome would allow improved risk‐adapted therapy for pediatric nonmetastatic osteosarcoma of the extremity. We investigated the predictive value of MR imaging‐based measures of absolute and relative tumor size and volume at the time of diagnosis. We also assessed the relation of tumor size to age and histologic response.MethodsWe retrospectively abstracted demographic, treatment history, and outcome information of patients treated on a single institutional protocol. A single pediatric oncologic radiologist manually measured each primary lesion and the affected native bone in three dimensions on MR images obtained at the time of diagnosis. Eight parameters of tumor size were analyzed for their value in predicting overall survival (OS) and event‐free survival (EFS).ResultsThe median age of the 42 patients was 13.5 years (range: 5.9–18.7 years); 50% were female and 74% were Caucasian. Absolute tumor volume was an important predictor of OS (P < 0.05); absolute tumor depth (analyzed as a continuous variable) was a significant predictor of OS (P = 0.018) and EFS (P = 0.036). Relative measures of tumor size were not found to predict outcome. No relation was seen between tumor size and histologic response.ConclusionsAbsolute tumor size at the time of diagnosis is significantly predictive of OS and EFS. If validated in a larger study, this indicator should be used in the design of risk‐adapted treatment protocols for osteosarcoma. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pharmacoepidemiology 101: data monitoring committees in the post‐marketing approval setting
Authors: Lilienfeld David E. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractThe development of the risk management paradigm for the enhancement of post‐marketing approval drug safety carries with it the need for external monitoring of the different approaches used by the sponsor. The concept of a Data Monitoring Committee (DMC), widely used in the management of randomized clinical trials, is adapted to provide this monitoring function. The rationale for the post‐marketing approval DMC is considered in the context of the risk management paradigm, as well as in the more traditional post‐marketing approval surveillance setting. The composition and operation of the post‐marketing approval DMC are considered, as well as the process of implementing the committee. Although the adaptation proposed in this article is focused on the paradigm proposed by the United States Food and Drug Administration, it is likely that it will require modification as risk management is adopted (and adapted) by other health regulators. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Polyisobutylene‐based biomaterials
Authors: Puskas Judit E. , Chen Yaohong , Dahman Yaser , Padavan Donna 
Published: May 2004

AbstractThis article highlights the biomaterial‐related research of the Macromolecular Engineering Research Centre (MERC). The MERC group concentrated on polyisobutylene (PIB)‐based biomaterials. In this article, first the unique properties of PIB are discussed, followed by a review of PIB‐based potential biomaterials. MERC's systematic research program aimed to develop novel PIB‐based biomaterials is then highlighted, including surface modification and biocompatibility studies. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 42: 3091–3109, 2004
Conformational changes of poly(ethylene oxide) in poly(ethylene oxide)/poly(methyl methacrylate) blends by supercritical carbon dioxide
Authors: Shieh Yeong‐Tarng , Liu Kuan‐Han 
Published: May 2004

AbstractThe effects of supercritical carbon dioxide (SC CO2) fluids on the morphology and/or conformation of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) in PEO/poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) blends were investigated by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction (WAXD), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR). According to DSC data for a given blend, the melting enthalpy and, therefore, degree of crystallinity of PEO were increased, whereas the melting temperature of PEO was decreased, with SC CO2 treatment. The enhancement of PEO crystallization with SC CO2 treatment, as demonstrated by DSC data, was supported by WAXD data. According to FTIR quantitative analyses, before SC CO2 treatments, the conformation of PEO was transformed from helix to trans planar zigzag via blending with PMMA. This helix‐to‐trans transformation of PEO increased proportionally with increasing PMMA content, with around 0.7% helix‐to‐trans transformation per 1% PMMA incorporation into the blend. For a given blend upon SC CO2 treatments, the conformation of PEO was transformed from trans to helix. This trans‐to‐helix transformation of PEO decreased with increasing PMMA contents in the blends because of the presence of interactions between the two polymers. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 42: 2479–2489, 2004
Relationship between the dynamic softening transition and wet sliding friction of elastomer compounds
Authors: Pan Xiao‐Dong 
Published: May 2004

AbstractFor properly chosen elastomer compounds, thermorheological characterization is combined with an examination of the variation of the wet sliding friction with temperature. A conceptual argument leads to the assumption that the wet sliding friction should maximize at the energy dissipation peak associated with the dynamic softening transition at a characteristic frequency determined by the sliding speed and the effective smallest surface asperity scale. The dynamic softening transition is characterized with the peak in tan δ/G′n, where tan δ is the loss tangent,G′ is the elastic modulus, andnis a constant between 0 and 1. The William–Landel–Ferry transform is uncritically applied for extrapolating the position of the peak in tan δ/G′nat high frequencies. Even based on the criterion of tan δ, the results obtained on a concrete surface indicate that the effective smallest asperity scale is of order of 100 μm. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 42: 2467–2478, 2004
Magnetic properties of Ga‐substituted FeGa0.1Cr1.9S4 with inverse spinel structure
Authors: Son Bae Soon , Kim Sam Jin , Kim Chul Sung 
Published: May 2004

AbstractFeGa0.1Cr1.9S4 has been studied with Mössbauer spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, magnetization, and magnetoresistance (MR). The crystal structure is found to be a cubic spinel by Rietveld refinement of X‐ray diffraction. The Mössbauer spectrum of FeGa0.1Cr1.9S4 consists of two doublets at room temperature. The cation distribution is determined by Mössbauer spectroscopy, which reveals that the small amounts of Ga ions occupy tetrahedral sites and FeGa0.1Cr1.9S4 has an inverse spinel type of structure. MR measurement of the sample shows that the metal–semiconductor transition occurs in the temperature range 77–300 K. The gap energies for regions I (T < 150 K) and II (T > 200 K) are 24.1 and 103.8 meV, respectively. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Evaluation of thermal degradation of 2.25Cr–1Mo steel by magnetic Barkhausen noise
Authors: Byeon Jai Won , Kim C. S. , Kwun S. I. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractAn attempt was made to evaluate nondestructively thermally degraded 2.25Cr–1Mo steel by magnetic Barkhausen noise (MBN) technique. Microstructural analysis (mean size of carbides), measurement of mechanical property (hardness) and magnetic Barkhausen noise parameters (rms voltage, count) for a wide range of specimens isothermally degraded at 630 °C were carried out to obtain the correlations between them. Both the rms voltage (MBNrms) and the count (MBNcount) of MBN signal were observed to increase rapidly in the initial 1000 hours of aging time and then slowly thereafter, which was attributed to decreased number of carbides as a result of carbides coarsening during thermal aging. Linear correlations of MBNcount with both the mean size of carbides and the hardness were found. MBNcount was suggested as a promising nondestructive evaluation parameter for assessing the thermally degraded microstructure and mechanical property of the 2.25Cr–1Mo steel. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Characterization of Heusler alloy thin film, Cu2MnAl and Co2MnSi, deposited by co‐sputtering method
Authors: Kim Keewon , Kwon Soon‐Ju , Kim Tae‐Wan 
Published: May 2004

AbstractThin films of Heusler alloy, Cu2MnAl and Co2MnSi were fabricated successfully, by the co‐sputtering method. Magnetic and structural properties are strongly dependent on substrate temperature. The films fabricated at room temperature show paramagnetic behaviour and amorphous or very fine crystalline feature in XRD and TEM analysis. On increasing substrate temperature, there appear polycrystalline features of L21 structure, accompanied by ferromagnetic properties. Also, the electrical resistivity implies that the electronic structures are heavily disturbed in the films fabricated at room temperature. These results suggest that structural ordering strongly affects the magnetic and electrical properties of Cu2MnAl and Co2MnSi. The Curie temperature and saturation magnetization of Co2MnSi, Cu2MnAl are 950 K (with extrapolation), 1100 emu/cc and 600 K, 440 emu/cc, respectively. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Fractal analysis of time‐resolved magnetic domain patterns in Co/Pd multilayer with varying number of repeats
Authors: Kim Dong‐Hyun , Cho Yoon‐Chul , Choe Sug‐Bong , Shin Sung‐Chul 
Published: May 2004

AbstractWe investigate the fractal behavior of magnetic domain together with analysis of dynamic reversal behavior in Co/Pd multilayer films prepared with different number of repeats n. We utilize a novel magneto‐optical microscope magnetometer technique to visualize the time‐resolved domain evolution patterns in these films. Quantitative analysis of the time‐resolved domain evolution patterns allows us to determine the fractal dimension Df and the reversal ratio V/R depending on n, where V/R represents the counterbalance between the wall‐motion speed V and the nucleation rate R. As n increases, domain shape becomes more ragged and complex and thus, Df increases. Interestingly enough, the change in Df clearly seems to be coupled to the change in V/R with varying n, which implies that the correlation between Df and V/R is mediated via the distributed defects. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Oscillations of magnetic parameters and giant magnetization of Fe/Be superlattices
Authors: Stetsenko P. N. , Goryunov G. E. , Kim Chong Oh , Kim Cheol‐Gi , Antipov S. D. , Smirnitskaya G. V. , Krasheninnikov A. P. , Skabitskaya O. V. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractThis research consists of the comprehensive study of structure and thickness dependences of basic magnetic parameters and of hyperfine fields on 57Fe nuclei from room‐temperature Mössbauer absorption spectroscopy of magnetic superlattices (MSL) of Fe with Be spacers synthesized using cathode sputtering in HV‐discharge with oscillating electrons. We report two series of MSL: [Fe(10 Å)/Be(tBe)] and [Fe(tFe)/Be(8 Å)]; in the former, deep oscillations of spontaneous magnetization (Js0) value vs. spacer thickness have been observed with period of 6–8 Å, while in the [Fe(tFe)/Be(8 Å)] series the oscillations do not show up. The observed giant values of Js0 normalized to Fe content (up to 5200 Gs) and the low values of hyperfine fields suggest the necessity of taking into account the orbital contributions to local magnetic moments of Fe atoms in Fe/Be superlattices. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Spectroscopic ellipsometric studies of the dielectric function of Cd1−x−yMnxFeyTe single crystals
Authors: Hwang Younghun , Kim Hyekyeong , Um Youngho , Park Hyoyeol 
Published: May 2004

AbstractCd1−x−yMnxFeyTe single crystals grown by the vertical Bridgman method have been studied by measuring the complex dielectric function using spectroscopic ellipsometry in the 1.5 ∼ 5.5 eV photon energy range at room temperature. The CP energy parameters of the E0, E1, E1 + Δ1, and E2 structures were determined by fitting the second‐derivative spectra (d2ε/dω2) with a theoretical model, i.e., the standard critical point (SCP) line shapes. The E1, E1 + Δ1, and E2 energies decreased with increasing Fe composition y, which is due to the hybridization effect of the valence and conduction bands in Cd1−xMnxTe with Fe 3d levels. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Improvement of adhesion strength of W–B–N glue layer on Si for magnetic devices
Authors: Lee Chang Woo , Kim Ji Gon 
Published: May 2004

AbstractThe structural and the mechanical properties of tungsten boron nitride (W–B–N) thin films were studied to investigate the effects of boron and nitrogen in W–B–N glue layer. The scratch test show that the adhesion strengths of magnetic films on the WBN glue layers are greatly improved from 9–11 N of W–N glue layer to 26–30 N of W–B–N glue layer. The more adhesive contact can be attributed to the boron and nitrogen interstitials because these boron and nitrogen interstitials are expected to modify the structural and physical properties in the W–B–N films. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Magnetization process and domains in MTJ
Authors: Czapkiewicz M. , Zoladz M. , Wrona J. , Wisniowski P. , Rak R. , Stobiecki T. , Kim C. G. , Kim C. O. , Takahashi M. , Tsunoda M. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractThe magnetization process and domain structure of free layers in as deposited and annealed magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJ) of Si/Ta/Cu/Ta/NiFe/Cu/IrMn(10)/CoFe(2.5)/Al–O(1.5)/CoFe(2.5)/NiFe(t)/Ta, where t = 10, 30 and 100 nm, were investigated by Kerr microscopy, R‐VSM and MOKE magnetometers. Different types of domain patterns observed in free layers (CoFe(2.5)/NiFe(t)) depending on the mutual relation between interlayer coupling energy and free layer magnetostatic energy. For as deposited samples fuzzy domains with fine irregular “patches” pattern, typical for weak interlayer coupling, are observed. Annealed MTJs, however, are characterized by large domains superimposed by crossed stripes, which led to the blocking of coherent rotation of magnetization. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Spin‐glass‐like transition in interacting MnFe2O4 nanoparticles
Authors: Balaji G. , Wilde G. , Weissmüller J. , Gajbhiye N. S. , Sankaranarayanan V. K. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractThe temperature dependent of ac susceptibility studies are carried out on interacting 9.0 nm size MnFe2O4 particles in a wide frequency range (10–103 Hz) and in various external applied magnetic fields. At low external fields, the real part of ac susceptibility exhibit a maximum near room temperature. Interestingly, the imaginary part exhibits two maximum, one near 40 K and the other near room temperature. The former is interpreted as due to a spin‐glass‐like transition and the latter to the superparamagnetic blocking of the particles. The frequency dependence analysis of the spin‐glass‐like transition by Arrhenius and Volger–Fulcher laws is found to be unsatisfactory. The dynamic scaling analysis on frequency dependence of spin‐glass‐like transition temperature fits the model of a transition at finite temperature and yields critical exponents and parameters as: zν = 6.0, Tc = 34.4 K, τ0 = 10−7 s and that confirms the occurrence of spin‐glass‐like transition in 9.0 nm MnFe2O4 particles. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Fabrication and swimming properties of micro‐machine coated with magnetite prepared by ferrite plating
Authors: Nishimura K. , Sendoh M. , Ishiyama K. , Arai K. I. , Uchida Hironaga , Inoue Mitsuteru 
Published: May 2004

AbstractBy the sterolithography technique and the ferrite plating, we have fabricated a magnetic micro‐machine which coated Fe3O4. The sterolithography technique enables to form the spiral‐shape resinous templates and the ferrite plating enables to coat Fe3O4 uniformly onto these templates from an aqueous solution. The total machine weight is light because a resin of the template body is almost the same density as water. We have verified that the machines swim freely and wirelessly in water by applying a rotational magnetic field. As the machine coated with Fe3O4 has a biocompatibility, there is a possibility of medical micro‐robots which swim in human body for medical operations. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Change in element distributions in FePt films with Ag or Cu additives associated with their crystallographic phase transformation through thermal annealing
Authors: Aimuta K. , Nishimura K. , Uchida H. , Inoue M. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractIn order to decrease the ordering temperature to the L10 structure of FePt alloy thin films, we have investigated the effect of additional third elements of Au and Cu into FePt films. The ordering temperature for the films has been reduced to 400 °C from 500 °C by adding Ag of 3 at% of or Cu of 7 at%. Analyzing by Auger electron spectroscopy, it was found that Ag moves to the surface in the film with the annealing process. It was considered that the movement could cause the decrement of the ordering temperature. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Hopping Al atom on Si(111) 7 × 7 surface studied by scanning tunneling microscopy
Authors: Uchida H. , Kuroda T. , Mohamad Fariza B. , Kim J. , Kashiwagi K. , Nishimura K. , Inoue M. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractAdsorption of Al atoms on the Si(111) 7 × 7 surface was investigated by STM at room temperature. The adsorbed Al atom displaced a Si center adatom on the surface, and the expelled Si atom diffused inside a half unit cell. The adsorbed Al atom hopped among center adatom sites with a frequency of about 0.01s−1. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Bioactive brominated diterpenes from the marine red alga Jania Rubens (L.) Lamx.
Authors: Awad Nagwa E. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractSeven brominated diterpenes of the parguerene and isoparguerene series were isolated for the ﬁrst time from the red alga Jania rubens (L.) Lamx., collected from the Red Sea coast at Hurghada, Egypt. The diterpenes were identiﬁed as isoparguerol (1), isoparguerol‐16‐acetate (2), isoparguerol‐7,16‐diacetate (3), parguerol‐16‐acetate (4), parguerol‐7,16‐diacetate (5), deoxyparguerol (6) and deoxyparguerol‐7‐acetate (7).The isolated diterpenes had a marked antitumour activity. Isoparguerol derivatives were slightly more effective than parguerol derivatives. Moreover, the data implied that the cytotoxicity of these compounds were dependent on the number of acetoxy groups. Also, anthelmintic activities of the isolated compounds on earthworms (Allolobophora caliginosa) were studied. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hepatoprotective effect of Sabina przewalskii against menadione‐induced toxicity
Authors: Ip Siu‐Po , Woo Ka‐Yan , Lau Oi‐Wah , Che Chun‐Tao 
Published: May 2004

AbstractSabina przewalskii is a Tibetan medicinal plant. Pretreatment with an ethyl acetate‐soluble fraction of the plant suppressed the plasma alanine aminotransferase activity in menadione‐intoxicated mice. In vitro studies showed that the Sabina extract could inhibit NADH‐induced superoxide production in isolated hepatocytes as indicated by a decrease of lucigenin‐ampliﬁed chemiluminescence. In addition, the extract inhibited tert‐butyl hydroperoxide‐induced lipid peroxidation in isolated hepatocytes dose‐dependently. These results suggested that the protective action of the Sabina extract against menadione‐induced hepatotoxicity is associated with its antioxidant activities including the scavenging of superoxide anion radicals and inhibition of lipid peroxidation. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.