bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
From Donbas Conflict to the Russian-Ukrainian War. A Review of Literature
Authors: Klepárník Vít 
Published: November 2023

Using the conflict studies literature, the article classifies the latest scholarly writings on the origins of the Donbas conflict into three general groupings: on the role of the history and identity of the region’s inhabitants, on the interference by “third” actors and on so-called contentious politics. The analysis suggests that the initial support of the uprising by Russia is usually greatly overestimated, and the level of social discontent and protest movements is underestimated. The study of contentious politics appears to be the most appropriate tool regarding the origins of the conflict. After 2015, the conflict took on, at least in part, the contours of an interstate clash, but the Donbas insurgency has continued to retain its authenticity. The failure of the 2015 settlement and the path to war after 2018 cannot be understood without considering the actions of Russia and those of Ukraine and leading Western states.
Hubungan Riwayat Pemberian ASI Eksklusif terhadap Kejadian Stunting Balita 25-59 Bulan di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Dolok Masihul Kabupaten Serdang Bedagai
Authors: Damanik Ayu Rizkya , Harahap Reni Agustina 
Published: November 2023

Stunting is an outcome of nutritional status that occurs when a child has a height or length of less than -2.0 standard deviation (SD) compared to the population average. The nutritional status of stunting is calculated by comparing the height or length according to the age of the toddler, according to the World Health Organization (WHO) z-score chart (WHO, 2018). One of the causes of stunting in toddlers is not being given exclusive breastfeeding during the first 0-6 months of age because breast milk is needed during the baby's growth period so that their nutritional needs are fulfilled. The purpose of this study was to find out the relationship between the history of exclusive breastfeeding and the incidence of stunting in toddlers in the working area of the Dolok Masihul Health Center, Serdang Bedagai Regency. The type of research used is an observational research design with a cross-sectional study approach, where the dependent and independent variable data are observed and measured at the same time. There were 31 respondents who were parents and also stunted and non-stunted toddlers. The results of the study were obtained using chi-square tests between the variable history of exclusive breastfeeding on the incidence of stunting and the variable the first time a child was given food/drink other than breast milk on the incidence of stunting, the p value = 0.00 was then compared with the value a = 0.05 so that p value <a (0.00 <0.05) meaning that there is a relationship between history of exclusive breastfeeding and the incidence of stunting and there is a relationship the first time a child is given food/drink other than breast milk to the incidence of stunting in the working area of the Dolok Masihul Health Center, Serdang Bedagai Regency .
Prototipe Monitoring Suhu Dan Kelembapan Secara Realtime
Authors: Abdurrohman Rosyid Mufti 
Published: November 2023

Dalam artikel ini, kami mempresentasikan prototipe sistem monitoring suhu dan kelembapan secara real-time menggunakan DHT11 untuk mendapatkan data suhu dan kelembapan dari lingkungan sekitar, sementara Arduino Uno R3 berfungsi sebagai otak sistem untuk mengontrol pengambilan data dari sensor dan menampilkan hasilnya pada layar LCD 16x2. Prototipe ini memiliki potensi aplikasi yang luas, seperti pemantauan iklim dalam ruangan, penanaman tanaman, sistem kontrol lingkungan, dan monitoring ruangan server. Keandalan, keakuratan, dan keterbacaan hasil pengukuran yang dihasilkan menjadikannya alat yang efektif untuk pemantauan suhu dan kelembapan secara real-time. Pengembangan lebih lanjut juga dapat dilakukan untuk mengintegrasikan prototipe ini dengan platform IoT (Internet of Things) yang lebih luas, sehingga memungkinkan pemantauan dan pengendalian lingkungan secara terpusat dan terintegrasi.yang dirancang untuk pemantauan lingkungan yang efisien dan akurat.Kata Kunci : Prototipe, Monitoring Suhu Dan Kelembapan, Real-Tim, DHT1, Arduino Uno R3, LCD 16x2, Pemantauan Lingkungan
Pregnancy and diabetic ketoacidosis: fetal jeopardy and windows of opportunity
Authors: Coetzee Ankia , Hall David R. , Langenegger Eduard J. , van de Vyver Mari , Conradie Magda 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundDiabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) during pregnancy poses significant risks to both the mother and fetus, with an increased risk of fetal demise. Although more prevalent in women with Type I diabetes (T1D); those with Type 2 diabetes (T2D) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) can also develop DKA. A lack of information about DKA during pregnancy exists worldwide, including in South Africa.ObjectiveThis study examined the characteristics and outcomes associated with DKA during pregnancy.MethodsThe study took place between 1 April 2020 and 1 October 2022. Pregnant women with DKA, admitted to Tygerberg Hospital’s Obstetric Critical Care Unit (OCCU) were included. Maternal characteristics, precipitants of DKA, adverse events during treatment, and maternal-fetal outcomes were examined.ResultsThere were 54 episodes of DKA among 47 women. Most DKA’s were mild and occurred in the third trimester. Pregestational diabetes dominated (31/47; 60%), with 47% having T1D and 94% requiring insulin. Seven women (7/47, 15%; T2D:6, T1D:1) had two episodes of DKA during the same pregnancy. Most women (32/47; 68%) were either overweight or obese. Yet, despite the T2D phenotype, biomarkers indicated that auto-immune diabetes was prevalent among women without any prior history of T1D (6/21; 29%). Twelve women (26%) developed gestational hypertension during pregnancy, and 17 (36%) pre-eclampsia. Precipitating causes of DKA included infection (14/54; 26%), insulin disruption (14/54; 26%) and betamethasone administration (10/54; 19%). More than half of the episodes of DKA involved hypokalemia (35/54, 65%) that was associated with fetal death (P=0.042) and hypoglycemia (28/54, 52%). Preterm birth (&lt;37 weeks’ gestation) occurred in 85% of women. No maternal deaths were recorded. A high fetal mortality rate (13/47; 28%) that included 11 spontaneous intrauterine deaths and two medical terminations, was observed.ConclusionWomen with DKA have a high risk of fetal mortality as well as undiagnosed auto-immune diabetes. There is a strong link between maternal hypokalemia and fetal loss, suggesting an opportunity to address management gaps in pregnant women with DKA.
The role of hypoxia and radiation in developing a CTCs-like phenotype in murine osteosarcoma cells
Authors: Quartieri Martina , Puspitasari Anggraeini , Vitacchio Tamara , Durante Marco , Tinganelli Walter 
Published: November 2023

Introduction: Cancer treatment has evolved significantly, yet concerns about tumor recurrence and metastasis persist. Within the dynamic tumor microenvironment, a subpopulation of mesenchymal tumor cells, known as Circulating Cancer Stem Cells (CCSCs), express markers like CD133, TrkB, and CD47, making them radioresistant and pivotal to metastasis. Hypoxia intensifies their stemness, complicating their identification in the bloodstream. This study investigates the interplay of acute and chronic hypoxia and radiation exposure in selecting and characterizing cells with a CCSC-like phenotype.Methods: LM8 murine osteosarcoma cells were cultured and subjected to normoxic (21% O2) and hypoxic (1% O2) conditions. We employed Sphere Formation and Migration Assays, Western Blot analysis, CD133 Cell Sorting, and CD133+ Fluorescent Activated Cell Sorting (FACS) analysis with a focus on TrkB antibody to assess the effects of acute and chronic hypoxia, along with radiation exposure.Results: Our findings demonstrate that the combination of radiation and acute hypoxia enhances stemness, while chronic hypoxia imparts a cancer stem-like phenotype in murine osteosarcoma cells, marked by increased migration and upregulation of CCSC markers, particularly TrkB and CD47. These insights offer a comprehensive understanding of the interactions between radiation, hypoxia, and cellular responses in the context of cancer treatment.Discussion: This study elucidates the complex interplay among radiation, hypoxia, and cellular responses, offering valuable insights into the intricacies and potential advancements in cancer treatment.
Full genome characterization and evolutionary analysis of Banna virus isolated from Culicoides, mosquitoes and ticks in Yunnan, China
Authors: Yang Zhenxing , He Yuwen , Chen Yiju , Meng Jinxin , Li Nan , Li Susheng , Wang Jinglin 
Published: November 2023

IntroductionBanna virus (BAV), a potential pathogen that may cause human encephalitis, is the prototype species of genus Seadornaviru within the family Reoviridae, and has been isolated from a variety of blood-sucking insects and mammals in Asia.MethodsCulicoides, Mosquitoes, and Ticks were collected overnight in Yunnan, China, during 2016-2023 using light traps. Virus was isolated from these collected blood-sucking insects and grown using Aedes albopictus (C6/36) cells. Preliminary identification of the virus was performed by agarose gel electrophoresis (AGE). The full genome sequences of the BAVs were determined by full-length amplification of cDNAs (FLAC) and sequenced using next-generation sequencing.ResultsIn this study, 13 strains BAV were isolated from Culicoides, Mosquitoes and Ticks. Their viral genome consisted of 12 segments of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), and with three distinct distribution patterns. Sequence analysis showed that Seg-5 of four strains (SJ_M46, SJ_M49, JC_M19-13 and JC_C24-13) has 435 bases nucleotide sequence insertions in their ORF compared to other BAVs, resulting in the length of Seg-5 up to 2128 nt. There are 34 bases sequence deletion in Seg-9 of 3 strains (WS_T06, MS_M166 and MS_M140). Comparison of the coding sequences of VP1, VP2, VP5, VP9 and VP12 of the 13 BAV strains, the results show that VP1, VP2 and VP12 are characterised by high levels of sequence conservation, while VP9 is highly variable, under great pressure to adapt and may be correlated with serotype. While also variable, VP5 appears to be under less adaptive pressure than VP9. Additionally, phylogenetic analysis indicates that the 13 BAV strains locate in the same evolutionary cluster as BAVs isolated from various blood-sucking insects, and are clustered according to geographical distribution.ConclusionThe data obtained herein would be beneficial for the surveillance of evolutionary characteristics of BAV in China and neighboring countries as well as extend the knowledge about its genomic diversity and geographic distribution.
Category bias in similarity ratings: the influence of perceptual and strategic biases in similarity judgments of faces
Authors: Ashby Stefania R. , Chaloupka Benjamin , Zeithamova Dagmar 
Published: November 2023

IntroductionAfter category learning, same-category items tend to be rated as more similar than items from different categories. Whether this category bias in similarity ratings reflects true changes in perception or a strategic judgment bias to rate same-category items more similarly has been debated. The current study investigated the influence of perceptual and strategic judgment biases on perceived similarity ratings of face stimuli.MethodTo explore the influence of perceptual and strategic biases, post-learning category bias was measured after learning one of two category structures. In a similarity-consistent structure, faces within a category shared physical features and category bias could reflect a combination of strategic bias and true perceptual changes. In a similarity-inconsistent structure, category membership was orthogonal to physical features and category bias could only be driven by strategic bias to rate same-label faces as more similar.ResultsWe found a strong category bias after learning, but only when category labels could be aligned to the similarity structure. When category label conflicted with similarity structure, the mere presence of a shared label did not create a bias.DiscussionThese findings indicate that category bias in this paradigm is largely driven by a perceptual bias, consistent with proposals that category learning can stretch or shrink perceptual space by biasing attention toward category-relevant and away from category-irrelevant features. More broadly, these findings contribute to our understanding of category-driven biases and may inform bias research in other domains such as social stereotypes.
Real-time heart rate variability according to ambulatory glucose profile in patients with diabetes mellitus
Authors: Im Sung Il , Kim Soo Jin , Bae Su Hyun , Kim Bong Joon , Heo Jung Ho , Kwon Su kyoung , Cho Sung Pil , Shim Hun , Park Jung Hwan , Kim Hyun Su , Oak Chul Ho 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundAutonomic neuropathy commonly occurs as a long-term complication of diabetes mellitus (DM) and can be diagnosed based on heart rate variability (HRV), calculated from electrocardiogram (ECG) recordings. There are limited data on HRV using real-time ECG and ambulatory glucose monitoring in patients with DM. The aim of this study was to investigate real-time HRV according to ambulatory glucose levels in patients with DM.MethodsA total of 43 patients (66.3 ± 7.5 years) with DM underwent continuous real-time ECG monitoring (225.7 ± 107.3 h) for HRV and ambulatory glucose monitoring using a remote monitoring system. We compared the HRV according to the ambulatory glucose profile. Data were analyzed according to the target in glucose range (TIR).ResultsThere were no significant differences in the baseline characteristics of the patients according to the TIR. During monitoring, we checked ECG and ambulatory glucose levels (a total of 15,090 times) simultaneously for all patients. Both time- and frequency-domain HRVs were lower when the patients had poorly controlled glucose levels (TIR &lt; 70%) compared with well controlled glucose levels (TIR &gt; 70%). In addition, heart and respiratory rates increased with real-time glucose levels (P &lt; 0.001).ConclusionsPoorly controlled glucose levels were independently associated with lower HRV in patients with DM. This was further substantiated by the independent continuous association between real-time measurements of hyperglycemia and lower HRV. These data strongly suggest that cardiac autonomic dysfunction is caused by elevated blood sugar levels.
Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) S1176 phosphorylation status governs atherosclerotic lesion formation
Authors: Nguyen Tung D. , Rahman Nur-Taz , Sessa William C. , Lee Monica Y. 
Published: November 2023

ObjectiveWe have previously demonstrated the in vivo importance of the Akt-eNOS substrate-kinase relationship, as defective postnatal angiogenesis characteristic of global Akt1-null mice is rescued when bred to ‘gain-of-function’ eNOS S1176D mutant mice. While multiple studies support the vascular protective role of endothelial NO generation, the causal role of Akt1-dependent eNOS S1176 phosphorylation during atherosclerotic plaque formation is not yet clear.Approach and resultsWe herein bred congenic ‘loss-of-function’ eNOS S1176A and ‘gain-of-function’ eNOS S1176D mutant mice to the exacerbated atherogenic Akt1−/−; ApoE−/− double knockout mice to definitively test the importance of Akt-mediated eNOS S1176 phosphorylation during atherogenesis. We find that a single amino acid substitution at the eNOS S1176 phosphorylation site yields divergent effects on atherosclerotic plaque formation, as an eNOS phospho-mimic aspartate (D) substitution at S1176 leads to favorable lipid profiles and decreased indices of atherosclerosis, even when on a proatherogenic Akt1 global deletion background. Conversely, mice harboring an unphosphorylatable mutation to alanine (S1176A) result in increased plasma lipids, increased lesion formation and cellular apoptosis, phenocopying the physiological consequence of eNOS deletion and/or impaired enzyme function. Furthermore, gene expression analyses of whole aortas indicate a combinatorial detriment from NO deficiency and Western Diet challenge, as ‘loss-of-function’ eNOS S1176A mice on a Western Diet present a unique expression pattern indicative of augmented T-cell activity when compared to eNOS S1176D mice.ConclusionsBy using genetic epistasis approaches, we conclusively demonstrate that Akt-mediated eNOS S1176 phosphorylation and subsequent eNOS activation remains to be the most physiologically relevant method of NO production to promote athero-protective effects.
Red-green-bleached redox interfaces in the proximal Permian Cutler red beds: implications for regional fluid alteration
Authors: Hullaster Desiree P. , Soreghan Gerilyn S. , Kukkadapu Ravi K. , Dumont Brock S. , Dee Kato T. , Elwood Madden Andrew S. 
Published: November 2023

Siliciclastic strata of the Colorado Plateau attract attention for their striking red, green, bleached, and variegated colors that potentially record both early depositional and later diagenetic events. We investigated the proximal-most strata of the Paradox Basin, from their onlap contact with the Precambrian basement of the Uncompahgre Plateau to the younger Cutler strata exposed within 10 km of the Uncompahgre Plateau to attempt to understand the significance of the striking colors that occur here. These strata preserve a complex geology associated with buried paleorelief and sediment-related permeability variations at a major basin-uplift interface. Strata exposed within ∼1.5 km of the onlap contact exhibit a pervasive drab color in contrast to the generally red colors that predominate farther from this front. In-between, strata commonly host variegated red/green/bleached intercalations. Thin-section petrography, SEM, XRD, Raman spectroscopy, Mössbauer spectroscopy, and whole-rock geochemistry of samples representing different color variations from demonstrate that water–rock interactions charged the rocks with Fe(II) that persists primarily in the phyllosilicate fraction. Color variations reflect grain-size differences that allowed the reduction of fluids from regional fault and basement/fill contacts to permeate coarser-grained Cutler sediments. Hematite and chlorite occur in both red and green sediments but are absent in the bleached sediments. Pervasive hematite in both red and green layers suggests that sediments were hematite-rich before later alteration. Chlorite and smectite are elevated in green samples and inversely correlated with biotite content. Green coloration is generally associated with 1) coarser grain sizes, 2) spatial association with basement contacts, 3) elevated smectite and/or chlorite, 4) less total Fe but greater Fe(II)/Fe(III) primarily in the phyllosilicate fraction, and 5) uranium enrichment. The bleached coloration reflects the removal of pigmentary Fe(III) oxide, while the green coloration is due to the removal of pigmentary hematite and the abundance of Fe(II)-bearing phyllosilicates. Abundant mixed-layer and swelling clays such as smectite, illite/smectite, and chlorite/smectite (including tosudite) dominate the mineralogy of the clay fraction. These results are consistent with other studies demonstrating fault-associated fluid alteration in the Paradox Basin region. However, the pervasive greening was not observed in many of these studies and appears to reflect the unique aspects of the paleovalley system and the importance of biotite alteration to Fe(II)-bearing phyllosilicates.
Ten-year evaluation of an immersive global health medical school course using a four-principle equity framework
Authors: Martin Marie H. , Rose Elizabeth S. , Jahangir Eiman , Heimburger Douglas C. 
Published: November 2023

IntroductionResponding to a growing need for health care professionals equipped with global expertise in local and international settings, an innovative global health medical school course was developed that combines rigorous didactics, mentorship, cross-cultural training, and international experiences to build students’ cultural humility and clinical skills.MethodsRecognizing that global health service trips and courses can unintentionally exacerbate inequities and power imbalances, this course was evaluated using the four principles of Melby et al.’s Guidelines for Implementing Short-term Experiences in Global Health. These principles include skill building in cross-cultural effectiveness and cultural humility, bidirectional participatory relationships, local capacity building, and long-term sustainability.ResultsThe course was developed with long-standing global partners and includes a capstone project that is intended to strengthen local capacity with benefits to the site and student. Student course evaluations, supervisors’ observations of students, and supervisor feedback forms indicate that this course achieves these principles. Furthermore, there is evidence that students developed cultural humility, acquired foundational science knowledge and relevant skills, and changed their medical practice.DiscussionThis approach could serve as a model for institutions seeking to enhance training in global health for medical students.
A molecular signature for the G6PC3/SLC37A2/SLC37A4 interactors in glioblastoma disease progression and in the acquisition of a brain cancer stem cell phenotype
Authors: Torabidastgerdooei Sima , Roy Marie-Eve , Annabi Borhane 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundGlycogen plays an important role in glucose homeostasis and contributes to key functions related to brain cancer cell survival in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) disease progression. Such adaptive molecular mechanism is dependent on the glycogenolytic pathway and intracellular glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) sensing by brain cancer cells residing within those highly hypoxic tumors. The involvement of components of the glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase) system remains however elusive.ObjectiveWe questioned the gene expression levels of components of the G6Pase system in GBM tissues and their functional impact in the control of the invasive and brain cancer stem cells (CSC) phenotypes.MethodsIn silico analysis of transcript levels in GBM tumor tissues was done by GEPIA. Total RNA was extracted and gene expression of G6PC1-3 as well as of SLC37A1-4 members analyzed by qPCR in four human brain cancer cell lines and from clinically annotated brain tumor cDNA arrays. Transient siRNA-mediated gene silencing was used to assess the impact of TGF-β-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cell chemotaxis. Three-dimensional (3D) neurosphere cultures were generated to recapitulate the brain CSC phenotype.ResultsHigher expression in G6PC3, SLC37A2, and SLC37A4 was found in GBM tumor tissues in comparison to low-grade glioma and healthy tissue. The expression of these genes was also found elevated in established human U87, U251, U118, and U138 GBM cell models compared to human HepG2 hepatoma cells. SLC37A4/G6PC3, but not SLC37A2, levels were induced in 3D CD133/SOX2-positive U87 neurospheres when compared to 2D monolayers. Silencing of SLC37A4/G6PC3 altered TGF-β-induced EMT biomarker SNAIL and cell chemotaxis.ConclusionTwo members of the G6Pase system, G6PC3 and SLC37A4, associate with GBM disease progression and regulate the metabolic reprogramming of an invasive and CSC phenotype. Such molecular signature may support their role in cancer cell survival and chemoresistance and become future therapeutic targets.