bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Young People’s Engagement with Gifted Spaces, 1970–1987
Authors: Crane Jennifer 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter explores the lived experiences of being ‘gifted’, for children and families, in the 1970s and 1980s, and analyses how participation in voluntary organisations helped families to manage their social and intellectual lives. These were decades in which the National Association for Gifted Children flourished, and, more broadly, educational and cultural interest in giftedness also grew. This chapter first explores who joined the National Association as it grew, demonstrating that the organisation made significant attempts to recruit a diverse membership, though these efforts were not always realised. The chapter also examines parents’ stated motivations for joining: emotional support and solidarity, and typically looking to supplement existing educational provision, rather than replace it. Children’s own writings show that many child-members relished these voluntary spaces, while others were very critical of the label ‘gifted’ and the system of intelligence testing behind it. When labelled ‘gifted’, young people’s opportunities were still restricted by ideas of their ‘youthful’ and ‘childlike’ nature.
The study centre of the Africa Institute: Dutch aid, trade policy, and the future of African Studies
Authors: Uche Chibuike 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Using the Netherlands as a case study and materials partly from Dutch government archives, this paper critiques the development of African Studies after the Second World War and the role the state, business interests, and Official Development Assistance played in this process. It argues that the commercial nature of the Dutch state laid the foundation for the country’s knowledge-driven international expansionist agenda. Although the country traded its last economic stronghold in Africa to the British in 1872, it rekindled its interest in the continent 75 years later through the establishment of the Africa Institute and its study centre (now African Studies Centre Leiden). This was after the loss of its Indonesian colony became imminent. Arguably, because the Dutch had no colonial influence in Africa, it focused on economic competitiveness. The government covertly used Dutch development aid in the pursuit of this objective. The recent public acknowledgement by the Dutch that their aid and trade policies are entwined undermines the altruistic façade of the West, creating opportunities for Africa to be studied in the context of its economic reality.
Burdens of reliabilism: a reply to Goldberg
Authors: Paulson Spencer 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Sanford Goldberg has recently proposed a solution to the swamping problem for process reliabilist truth-monism (PRTM). In short, he argues that reliably formed true beliefs have a property he calls the ‘modal reliability property’, the epistemic value of which is explained in terms of the value of true belief but is not swamped by it. He offers two arguments to this effect. I claim that both of his arguments are valid, but they employ premisses the truth of which needs to be explained. However, it is not obvious how a proponent of PRTM could explain them without abandoning her preferred order of explanation. I do not argue that it is impossible in principle to discharge this burden. However, I do claim that Goldberg has yet to show us that it is possible. The result is that the swamping problem is no less problematic for PRTM than it was previously.
Investment structuring and re-structuring: the Italian perspective
Authors: Risso Giorgio , Dall’Agnola Giovanni 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The multiplication of international investment treaties provides foreign investors with a valuable network to obtain and/or maximize investment protection through investment structuring and/or re-structuring (also known as nationality planning). When selecting the most appropriate treaty for structuring and/or re-structuring its investment, an investor should carry out a case-by-case assessment including on the basis of the following factors: (i) the requirements to access investment protection; (ii) the degree of the substantive and procedural protections; (iii) the timing of the re-structuring; and (iv) the overall language of the chosen treaty. Against this background, the article analyses each of the foregoing factors through the lens of the bilateral investment treaties concluded by Italy, as well as the case law involving Italian investors as claimants and/or Italy as respondent. The analysis shows that foreign investors should take into consideration the Italian network of bilateral investment treaties for investment structuring and/or re-structuring purposes since most of these treaties provide for advantageous jurisdictional requirements, as well as effective substantive and procedural protections.
Implementing family safeguarding in the context of domestic violence and abuse: A case study of a local authority in England
Authors: Mayrhofer Andrea , Mansuri Nushra , Sarma Kausiki , Smiles Claire , Alderson Hayley , Kaner Eileen , McGovern Ruth 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Addressing domestic violence and abuse (DVA) requires effective multiagency family safeguarding to protect vulnerable children and adult victims, whilst challenging perpetrator behaviour. This article examines how family safeguarding in the context of DVA was implemented across social care in a local authority (LA) in England. The LA was selected for inclusion based on its innovative approach to implementing family safeguarding in the context of DVA. Qualitative interview data were collected via video conferencing from twenty-two senior leaders, managers, and frontline professionals working across statutory and voluntary organizations in the LA. The mechanisms employed by the LA to integrate social care response to DVA were a community-based intervention to help avert escalation of risk, DVA training for professionals across statutory and voluntary services, and the employment of Independent Domestic Violence Advisors in key roles. Practitioners reported that these mechanisms strengthened multi-agency coherence and collaboration and facilitated culture change. Outcomes impacting on families directly included supporting adult victims of abuse alongside affected children and working with low-risk perpetrators where possible. Implications for social care practice are that multi-pronged approaches supported by DVA specialists can successfully link prevention and response mechanisms when responding to DVA.
Transthyretin variants impact blood–nerve barrier and neuroinflammation in amyloidotic neuropathy
Authors: Chao Chi-Chao , Yang Wei-Kang , Yeh Ti-Yen , Kan Yu-Yu , Wang Yi-Shiang , Lee Kuan-Jung , Hu Chieh-Ju , Tang Tsz-Yi , Ide Toshihiro , Hsueh Hsueh-Wen , Lin Cheng-Chen , Shy Horng-Tzer , Lee Ming-Jen , Tzeng Shiou-Ru , Katsuno Masahisa , Koike Haruki , Hsieh Sung-Tsang 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis with polyneuropathy (ATTRv-PN) is a neurodegenerative disease caused by mutations in the gene encoding transthyretin (TTR). Despite amyloid deposition being pathognomonic for diagnosis, this pathology in nervous tissues cannot fully account for nerve degeneration, implying additional pathophysiology for neurodegeneration, which, however, has not yet been fully elucidated.
In this study, neuroinflammation in ATTRv-PN was investigated by examining nerve morphometry, the blood-nerve barrier, and macrophage infiltration in the sural nerves of ATTRv-PN patients and the sciatic nerves of a complementary mouse system, i.e. the humanized knock-in hTTRA97S mice. The direct effects of mutant TTR proteins were evaluated in these hTTRA97S mice and a human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) model in vivo and in vitro, respectively.
This case-control and cross-sectional study included 19 patients (17 men; 62.9 ± 3.9 years; FAP stage 1, n=11; FAP stage 2, n=7; FAP stage 3, n=1) with p.Ala117Ser (A97S) and 46 patients (39 men; 65.3 ± 11.4 years; FAP stage 1, n=31; FAP stage 2, n=12; FAP stage 3, n=3) with p.Val50Met (V30M). Both genotypes had elevated protein in the cerebrospinal fluid: 88.9% (16 cases in 18 patients) in A97S and 51.1% (23 cases in 45 patients) in V30M. The myelinated nerve fibers in sural nerves were markedly depleted in ATTRv-PN and the myelinated nerve fiber density was inversely correlated with CSF protein, implying leakage of the blood-nerve barrier. The tight junction ultrastructure of the endoneurial microvessels in sural nerves was impaired, as indicated by the reduced expression of zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1). The cultured HUVEC that were not transfected with any TTR gene variant presented reduced ZO-1 expression when exposed to mutant recombinant TTR of A97S or V30M compared to wild-type TTR. Increased infiltration of macrophage with expression of inflammasome maker, NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3), suggested polarization to proinflammatory M1 lineage were robust in the sural nerves of ATTRv-PN patients and the sciatic nerves of hTTRA97S mice compared with those of controls and wild-type mice. In parallel, the mRNA expression of interleukin 1β was greater in the sural nerves of ATTRv-PN than in those of the controls.
In conclusion, the disrupted blood-nerve barrier due to mutant TTR protein resulting in increased CSF protein level was associated with nerve degeneration in ATTRv-PN via the infiltration of inflammatory macrophages and the production of inflammatory cytokines.
Reshaping computational neuropsychiatry beyond synaptopathy
Authors: Bottemanne Hugo , Mouchabac Stephane , Gauld Christophe 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Computational neuropsychiatry is a leading discipline to explain psychopathology in terms of neuronal message passing, distributed processing, and belief propagation in neuronal networks. Active Inference (AI) has been one of the ways of representing this dysfunctional signal processing. It involves that all neuronal processing and action selection can be explained by maximizing Bayesian model evidence, or minimizing variational free energy. Following these principles, it has been suggest that dysconnection in neuronal network results in aberrant belief updating and erroneous inference, leading to psychiatric and neurologic symptoms. However, there is a classic distinction between disorders of inference (or synaptopathy – including the majority of psychiatric disorders), and disorders of brain function (including vascular neurological pathologies and severe forms of tauopathy and synucleinopathies). This distinction is generally based on the idea that synaptopathies impair neuromodulatory precision weighting, leading to rigid inferences or heightened sensitivity to noise, while disorders of brain function are linked to damage in the nervous system (disconnection). This makes it challenging to apply the logic of the free energy principle. We suggest that this distinction will enable future models of neuropsychiatric symptoms to be improved by considering more than neuronal message passing.
Milestone events in recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa: findings of the PEBLES study
Authors: Mellerio Jemima E , Pillay Elizabeth I , Sollesta Kathryn , Thiel Konstantin E , Zimmerman Georg , McGrath John A , Martinez Anna E , Jeffs Eunice 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
In recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (RDEB), complications like oesophageal strictures, hand contractures, cardiomyopathy and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) may develop. These complications necessitate procedures such as oesophageal dilatation (OD), gastrostomy tube placement and hand surgery.

Objectives
To determine the prevalence and age of onset of milestone events by RDEB subtype, specifically dysphagia, first OD, first gastrostomy tube, first hand surgery, cardiomyopathy, first SCC and death.

Methods
The Prospective Epidermolysis Bullosa Longitudinal Evaluation Study (PEBLES) is a register study of individuals with RDEB that records comprehensive EB- and non-EB-related health information. Age of onset and prevalence of milestone events were analysed in the full cohort with all RDEB subtypes and by RDEB subtype.

Results
Dysphagia occurred in 85% of the 62 total participants, including all with the severe (RDEB-S) and inversa (RDEB-Inv) subtypes. OD was also frequent, in 69% overall (92% RDEB-S, 89% RDEB-Inv). All events were most frequent and occurred earliest in RDEB-S (except cardiomyopathy), with a median age of dysphagia, OD and gastrostomy tube placement in the first decade. Frequent and early dysphagia and OD in RDEB-Inv may suggest this subtype before characteristic flexural skin changes manifest. Of the participants with RDEB-S, 35% had a first SCC at a median age of 27.8 years. Seven participants died during the 10-year study; the median age for the six with RDEB-S was 36 years, and causes included sepsis, metastatic SCC and complications of refeeding syndrome.

Conclusions
Our results detail the frequency and prevalence of important milestone events by RDEB subtype, informing prognostication, increasing understanding of the natural history of RDEB to help inform study endpoints, and potentially serving as proxy control data for future clinical trials.
Synthesis and Characterization of MIP Ghost Approach for Selective Extraction of Empagliflozin and Quantification by Liquid Chromatography
Authors: Anumolu Durga Panikumar , Ramatulasi Jampana , Ashok Gorja , Afreen Syed Sara , Mathew Ceema , Shakar Pulusu Veera 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The valid method was developed for analyzing empagliflozin in serum/plasma/urine using a molecularly imprinted ghost polymer–solid-phase extraction approach (MISPE) with liquid chromatographic methodology. Methacrylic acid (MAA) was used as the monomer, 2,2 azobis isobutyronitrile as the initiator and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate as the cross-linker in the free radical polymerization procedure. Empagliflozin was loaded onto the polymer and eluted with 1 mL of a 9:1 MeOH:acetic acid solution. The PRONTOSIL C8 (250 × 4 mm × 5u) was used to design the optimized HPLC technique. Phosphate buffer (pH −5): ACN (40:60) was used as the mobile phase with a flow rate of 0.8 mL/min, and 230 nm was used for detection. Empagliflozin’s calibration curve is linear between 0.08 and 200 μg/mL. The thresholds for quantification (limit of quantification) and detection (limit of detection) were 0.002 and 0.006 μg/mL, respectively. High binding affinity and selectivity were displayed by the polymer, and, at pH 8, the polymer’s rebinding efficiency was effective. It was discovered that the extraction recovery of the analyte employing the molecular-imprinted solid-phase extraction coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography developed technique was 93% with relative standard deviation (RSD) &lt;2%.
Population-Based Analysis of the Risk of Mycobacterial Infections Associated With Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors
Authors: Yan Marie , Hernandez Alejandro , Chan Kelvin K , Stanbrook Matthew B , Blanchette Phillip S , Johnston James C , Lee Samantha M , Macdonald Liane , Richard-Greenblatt Melissa , Marras Theodore K , Brode Sarah K 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In this population-based study, we examined the risk of nontuberculous mycobacterial disease associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors among people with cancer. Using a nested case-control design, we identified 184 cases and 714 matched controls; there was no significant association on conditional logistic regression (adjusted odds ratio, 0.51 [95% confidence interval, .17–1.50]; P = .22).
Flight phenology and influence of region and habitat on the abundance of Xylosandrus germanus and Anisandrus maiche (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) in New York
Authors: Milbrath Lindsey R , Biazzo Jeromy , van Zoeren Janet 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The non-native wood-boring and symbiotic fungus-culturing Xylosandrus germanus (Blandford) was first reported in New York apple orchards in 2013. Trapping surveys have been conducted annually since to assist growers in timely applications of preventative control measures. In 2021, a similar-looking introduced species, Anisandrus maiche (Kurentsov), was identified in traps in west central New York. Anisandrus maiche was first recorded in 2005 in Pennsylvania but its history in New York was unclear due to potential misidentification. We collected and identified ambrosia beetles using ethanol-baited bottle traps in 2022 and 2023 in New York at 2 commercial apple orchards near Lake Ontario and 2 cider apple orchards in the lower Finger Lakes district. Traps were placed in a forest interior, the forest edge, and the orchard edge at each site. Xylosandrus germanus was trapped from mid-April into early October; it was abundant in the Lake Ontario region but less so in the Finger Lakes. In contrast, counts of A. maiche were very high in the Finger Lakes but extremely low near Lake Ontario. It was trapped from late-May to mid-September. Most other bark and ambrosia beetle species were uncommon. Captures of X. germanus and A. maiche were generally highest in the forest interior and declined toward the orchard edge, but each species was usually present in traps across habitats at the same time. Thus, the practice of trapping at forest edges should continue. Both species can potentially infest stressed trees, including in orchards, throughout the growing season.
Artificial intelligence for the analysis of intracoronary optical coherence tomography images: a systematic review
Authors: van der Waerden Ruben G A , Volleberg Rick H J A , Luttikholt Thijs J , Cancian Pierandrea , van der Zande Joske L , Stone Gregg W , Holm Niels R , Kedhi Elvin , Escaned Javier , Pellegrini Dario , Guagliumi Giulio , Mehta Shamir R , Pinilla-Echeverri Natalia , Moreno Raúl , Räber Lorenz , Roleder Tomasz , van Ginneken Bram , Sánchez Clara I , Išgum Ivana , van Royen Niels , Thannhauser Jos 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Intracoronary optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a valuable tool for, among others, periprocedural guidance of percutaneous coronary revascularization and the assessment of stent failure. However, manual OCT image interpretation is challenging and time-consuming, which limits widespread clinical adoption. Automated analysis of OCT frames using artificial intelligence (AI) offers a potential solution. For example, AI can be employed for automated OCT image interpretation, plaque quantification, and clinical event prediction. Many AI models for these purposes have been proposed in recent years. However, these models have not been systematically evaluated in terms of model characteristics, performances, and bias. We performed a systematic review of AI models developed for OCT analysis to evaluate the trends and performances, including a systematic evaluation of potential sources of bias in model development and evaluation.
Health improvements by understanding residual risk in coronary artery disease and new targets for prevention/treatment: rationale and research protocol of the HURRICANE project
Authors: Caselli Chiara , Occhipinti Mariaelena , Pane Katia , De Gori Carmelo , Rocchiccioli Silvia , Botto Nicoletta , Prontera Concetta , Cavaliere Carlo , Ragusa Rosetta , Vecoli Cecilia , Sansone Francesco , Passaro Emanuela , Ceccherini Elisa , Morlando Antonio , Clemente Alberto , Franzese Monica , Maffei Erica , Punzo Bruna , Gimelli Alessia , Cademartiri Filippo , Neglia Danilo 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Optimal medical treatment in patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD) reduced morbidity and mortality but left a substantial residual risk (RR) of disease progression and events. According to recent evidence, insulin resistance or pre-diabetes together with elevated levels of triglycerides, low levels, and functionality of HDL-cholesterol, often associated with a chronic inflammatory state, are deemed to be relevant components of cardiometabolic and vascular RR. In the present project, we aim at discovering specific individual genetic/molecular profiles subtending emerging cardiometabolic and vascular risk patterns and associated with more severe stable CAD phenotypes. To this end, we will analyse clinical data, blood samples, and imaging data already gathered in a retrospective population of 561 patients with suspected stable coronary disease and will develop integrated predictive models of severity and extent of disease defined by qualitative and quantitative analysis of coronary plaques by cardiac computed tomography. The new predictive models, which will incorporate relevant clinical and genetic/molecular variables associated with more severe coronary atherosclerosis, will be validated in a similar prospective population of patients and extended to the prediction of progression (at 1 year follow-up) of coronary disease phenotypes, occurring despite optimal medical treatment.
Registration ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT06601153
The European Registry for Patients with Mechanical Circulatory Support (EUROMACS) of the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery Fourth report: Focus on standardized outcome ratios
Authors: Veen Kevin M , Ahmed Mazen , Stark Christoffer , Botta Luca , Anastasiadis Kyriakos , Bernhardt Alexander , Berchtold-Herz Michael , Caliskan Kadir , Reineke David , Damman Kevin , Fiane Arnt , Gkouziouta Angeliki , Gollmann-Tepeköylü Can , Najjar Emil , Hulman Michal , Iacovoni Attilio , Loforte Antonio , Merkely Bela , Musumeci Francesco , Comisso Marina , Němec Petr , Netuka Ivan , Özbaran Mustafa , Potapov Evgenij , Pya Yuri , Rábago Gregorio , Ramjankhan Faiz , Scandroglio Anna Mara , Pieri Marina , Reichenspurner Hermann , Dashkevich Alexey , Stockman Bernard , Vanderheyden Marc , Tops Laurens , Wahlers Thorsten , Przybyłowski Piotr , Zimpfer Daniel , Løgstrup Brian Bridal , Santer David , Färber Gloria , Gummert Jan , Meyns Bart , de By Theo M M H , Schoenrath Felix 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
This fourth report aimed to provide insights into patient characteristics, outcomes, and standardized outcome ratios of patients implanted with durable Mechanical Circulatory Support across participating centers in the European Registry for Patients with Mechanical Circulatory Support (EUROMACS) registry.

METHODS
All registered patients receiving durable mechanical circulatory support up to August 2024 were included. Expected number of events were predicted using penalized logistic regression. Standardized outcome ratios (Observed/Expected events) were presented in plots to assess 30-day and 1-year mortality, ischaemic stroke, and major bleeding outcomes. Expected events were estimated using penalized logistic regression using demographics and comorbidities as predictors. Centers with &lt;90% follow-up completeness were excluded from standardized outcome ratio assessment.

RESULTS
Analysis included 6962 implants in 6408 patients (457 patients underwent repeated implants) registered in EUROMACS from 17 countries (32 centres) (median age: 58 years, 83% males, 17% INTERMACS class 1). Thirty-day mortality, major bleeding and ischaemic stroke probabilities were 9.6, 12.6%, and 2.1%, respectively. Standardized mortality ratios showed variability between centres, ranging from 0 (95% CI : 0–0) to 1.4 (95% CI : 1.2–1.7). Higher standardized bleeding outcome ratios correlated with higher standardized ischaemic stroke ratio’s (Spearman r: 0.56, P = 0.008).

CONCLUSIONS
Most included centers perform as expected given the demographics and comorbidities of patients. A positive correlation was found between standardized bleeding and ischaemic stroke ratios, reflecting the need of continuously monitoring of adverse events by quality improvement programs.