bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predicting string search speed
Authors: Gittleman Arthur 
Published: August 2005

String search is fundamental in many text processing applications. Sunday recently gave several algorithms to find the first occurrence of a pattern string as a substring of a text, providing experimental data from searches in a text of about 200K characters to support his claim that his algorithms are faster than the standard Boyer-Moore algorithm.
We present a methodology for the average-case analysis of the performance of string search algorithms---for such algorithms, a worst-case analysis does not yield much useful information, since the performance of the algorithm is directly affected by such characteristics as the size of the character set, the character frequencies, and the structure of the text. Knuth described a finite automaton which can be used to save information about character comparisons. Baeza-Yates, Gonnet, and Regnier gave a probabilistic analysis of the worst- and average-case behavior of a string search algorithm based upon such an automaton. We construct Knuth automata to model Sunday's algorithms and use the methods of Baeza-Yates et al. to obtain an average-case analysis which confirms Sunday's experimental data.
An empirical study of dynamic graph algorithms
Authors: Alberts David , Cattaneo Giuseppe , Italiano Giuseppe F. 
Published: August 2005

The contributions of this paper are both of theoretical and of experimental nature. From the experimental point of view, we conduct an empirical study on some dynamic connectivity algorithms which where developed recently. In particular, the following implementations were tested and compared with simple algorithms: simple sparsification by Eppstein et al. and the recent randomized algorithm by Henzinger and King. In our experiments, we considered both random and non-random inputs. Moreover, we present a simplified variant of the algorithm by Henzinger and King, which for random inputs was always faster than the original implementation. For non-random inputs, simple sparsification was the fastest algorithm for small sequences of updates; for medium and large sequences of updates, the original algorithm by Henzinger and King was faster.From the theoretical point of view, we analyze the average case running time of simple sparsification and prove that for dynamic random graphs its logarithmic overhead vanishes.
Call for papers
Authors: Lee Newton 
Published: August 2005

GUIDELINE FOR AUTHORS
Papers should be submitted to the editor-in-chief via email,
preferably in MS Word or RTF format. Rich media such as QuickTime
and Flash movies are also acceptable. Manuscripts should contain no
more than 10,000 words. Submissions should include the paper title,
abstract, keywords, classification
(www.acm.org/class/1998/overview.html), name of authors, their
affiliation, email address, and postal address.
ACM SIGCHI international conference on advances in computer entertainment technology
Authors: Cheok Adrian David 
Published: August 2005

ACM SIGCHI International Conference on Advances in Computer Entertainment Technology— ACE 2004
Dear Editor,
As we know, the field of computer entertainment technology has aroused great interest recently amongst researchers and developers in both academic and industrial/business fields as it is duly recognized as showing high promise of bringing on exciting new forms of human computer interaction. Now deemed deserving of both serious academic research, as well as major industry and business uptake, techniques used in computer entertainment are also seen to translate into advances in research work ranging from industrial training, collaborative work, novel interfaces, novel multimedia, network computing and ubiquitous computing.
Hence, in June 2004 there will be a conference entitled the ACM SIGCHI International Conference on Advances in Computer Entertainment Technology ACE 2004. The purpose of this conference is to bring together academic and industry researchers, as well as computer entertainment developers and practitioners, to address and advance the research and development issues related to computer entertainment.
It will fulfill the need for a conference which satisfies the needs of both the academic researcher to have a formal and rigorous peer-review forum for publication, as well as the industry professional wanting to have updated information on topics which address hard research issues which are not possible to explore in the day-to-day commercial environment. Furthermore active demo, exhibition, and poster sessions will provide an exciting interchange between researchers and practitioners.
ACM, will be publishing all accepted papers in the proceedings, and the conference is fully sponsored by ACM SIGCHI. A program committee comprising over 60 of the leading researchers in the field will be reviewing the submissions. To recognize outstanding research in the field, there will be various prizes and awards given for the most outstanding submissions. Furthermore, the top papers will be selected for revision and review for the leading publication ACM Computers in Entertainment Magazine.
The following, non exclusive, topics are called for: Computer Entertainment and: Art and Media, Augmented / Mixed Reality, Avatars and Virtual Action, Evolutionary Platforms / Hardware, Graphics Techniques, Haptics, Interfaces, Military Training / Simulation Applications of Games, Mobile Entertainment, Mobile Phones, Narratives, Networking, New Genres, New Standards, Novel Hardware Devices, Physics / AI, Social Computing, Sound and Music.
Prospective authors are now invited to submit Papers/Posters/Demos electronically via the conference website http://www.ace2004.org by 5th February 2004
Sincerely,
Adrian David Cheok
National University of Singapore
Interviews with Quincy Jones
Authors: Jones Quincy 
Published: August 2005

The legendary Quincy Jones and Seymour Papert have graciously
appeared on camera for interviews and joined the ACM Computers in
Entertainment magazines editorial board. Quincy and Seymour are two
of the nicest people to talk to and work with. Quincy talks about
education as fun learning, the impact of music on children, how
technology affects the way music is created and produced, and
digital distribution of music over the Internet. Seymour speaks of
learning-rich entertainment, Logo and computer programming for
children, technology in schools and education, and the future of
home schooling and learning environments. The video clips of the
interviews are available at
http://www.acm.org/pubs/cie/mar2004/index.html
Quincy Jones, who composed more than 50 major motion picture and
television scores, has earned international acclaim as producer of
the best-selling single of all time and the best-selling album in
the history of the recording industry. The all-time most nominated
Grammy artist with a total of 76 nominations and 26 awards, Quincy
has also received an Emmy Award, seven Oscar nominations, and the
Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences Jean Hersholt
Humanitarian Award. More information can be found at
http://www.quincyjonesmusic.com
Seymour Papert, a mathematician and an early pioneer of
Artificial Intelligence, is internationally recognized as the
seminal thinker on how computers can change learning. He is a
cofounder with Marvin Minsky of the AI Lab at MIT and a founding
faculty member of the MIT Media Lab, where he continues to work.
Seymour collaborated for many years with Jean Piaget at the
University of Geneva in Switzerland. He wrote many books including
Mindstorms: Children, Computers, and Powerful Ideas. More
information can be found at http://www.papert.org/
Think science!
Authors: Ritterfeld Ute , Weber Rene , Fernandes Sangeeta , Vorderer Peter 
Published: August 2005

In February 2003, the JASON Foundation for Education supported
an interactive show, the Immersion Institutes Exploration: Sea
Lions, intended to enhance childrens understanding of
science; it played at three different theaters throughout the US.
The production, provided by Immersion Studios Inc., involved about
2000 students, mostly from ages 9 to 14. During the two-week event,
a random sample of students and their teachers participated in an
assessment of the show, including aspects of usability,
entertainment experience, and impact on learning. About a month
later, a follow-up was undertaken to complete the evaluation.
Results demonstrate that the show was highly appreciated by both
the participating students and teachers: The usability aspect of
the show was satisfying; the technology was found to be suitable
for all age groups involved, and the entertainment experience was
clearly intense. Students reported a high learning impact; this
opinion was reinforced by the teachers. The follow-up results,
however, did not provide proof of long-lasting recall of facts
embedded in the show. But it did provide some surprising evidence
that students gained detailed knowledge about show-related facts,
raising the question whether such a show can be used to make
students become more interested in a topic.
Instantaneous Wavelet Energetic Transfers between Atmospheric Blocking and Local Eddies
Authors: Fournier Aimé 
Published: August 2005

AbstractA new wavelet energetics technique, based on best-shift orthonormal wavelet analysis (OWA) of an instantaneous synoptic map, is constructed for diagnosing nonlinear kinetic energy (KE) transfers in five observed blocking cases. At least 90% of the longitudinal variance of time and latitude band mean 50-kPa geopotential is reconstructed by only two wavelets using best shift. This superior efficiency to the standard OWAs persists for time-evolving structures. The cases comprise two categories, respectively dominated by zonal-wavenumber sets {1} and {1, 2}. Further OWA of instantaneous residual nonblocking structures, combined with new “nearness” criteria, yields three more orthogonal components, representing smaller-scale eddies near the block (upstream and downstream) and distant structures. This decomposition fulfills a vision expressed to the author by Saltzman. Such a decomposition is not obtainable by simple Fourier analysis.Eddy patterns apparent in the components’ contours suggest inferring geostrophic energetic interactions, but the component Rossby numbers may be too large to support the inference. However, a new result enabled by this method is the instantaneous attribution of blocking strain-field effects to particular energetically interactive eddies, consistent with Shutts’ hypothesis. Such attribution was only possible before in simplified models or in a time-average sense. In four of five blocks, the upstream eddies feed KE to the block, which in turn, in three of four cases, transmits KE to the downstream eddies. The small case size precludes statistically significant conclusions. The appendixes link low-order blocking structure and dynamics to some wavelet design principles and propose a new interaction diagnosis, similar to E-vector analysis, but instantaneous.
Ocean Gyres and Abrupt Change in the Thermohaline Circulation: A Conceptual Analysis
Authors: Longworth Hannah , Marotzke Jochem , Stocker Thomas F. 
Published: August 2005

Abstract
The implications are investigated of representing ocean gyre circulations by a diffusion term in the Stommel and Rooth box models of the thermohaline circulation (THC) in one and two hemispheres, respectively. The approach includes mostly analytical solution and study of the bifurcation structure, but also numerical integration and feedback analysis. Sufficient diffusion (gyre strength) eliminates multiple equilibria from either model, highlighting the need for accurate gyre circulation strength in general circulation models (GCMs) when considering the potential for abrupt climate change associated with THC shutdown.
With diffusion, steady-state flow strength in the Rooth model depends on freshwater forcing (i.e., implied atmospheric water vapor transport) in both hemispheres, not only on that in the upwelling hemisphere, as in the nondiffusive case. With asymmetric freshwater forcing, two solutions (strong stable and weak unstable) are found with sinking in the hemisphere with stronger forcing and one solution with sinking in the other hemisphere. Under increased freshwater forcing the two solutions in the hemisphere with stronger forcing meet in a saddle-node bifurcation (if diffusion is sufficiently strong to prevent a subcritical Hopf bifurcation first), followed by flow reversal. Thus, the bifurcation structure with respect to freshwater forcing of the diffusive Rooth model of two-hemisphere THC is similar to that of the Stommel model of single-hemisphere THC, albeit with a very different dynamical interpretation. Gyre circulations stabilize high-latitude sinking in the Stommel model. In the Rooth model, gyre circulations only stabilize high-latitude sinking if the freshwater forcing is weaker in the sinking hemisphere than in the upwelling hemisphere, by an amount that increases with diffusion. The values of diffusion and freshwater forcing at which qualitative change in behavior occurs correspond to the range of the values used in and obtained with GCMs, suggesting that this analysis can provide a conceptual foundation for analyzing the stability of the interhemispheric THC, and also for the potential of the Atlantic THC to undergo abrupt change.
Arctic Tropospheric Winds Derived from TOVS Satellite Retrievals
Authors: Francis Jennifer A. , Hunter Elias , Zou Cheng-Zhi 
Published: August 2005

Abstract
Accurate three-dimensional wind fields are essential for diagnosing a variety of important climate processes in the Arctic, such as the advection and deposition of heat and moisture, changes in circulation features, and transport of trace constituents. In light of recent studies revealing significant biases in upper-level winds over the Arctic Ocean from reanalyses, new daily wind fields are generated from 22.5 yr of satellite-retrieved thermal-wind profiles, corrected with a recently developed mass-conservation scheme. Compared to wind measurements from rawinsondes during the Surface Heat Budget of the Arctic (SHEBA) experiment, biases in satellite-retrieved winds are near zero in the meridional direction, versus biases of over 50% for reanalyses. Errors in the zonal component are smaller than those observed in reanalysis winds in the upper troposphere, while in the lower troposphere the effects of Greenland introduce uncertainty in the mass-conservation calculation. Further reduction in error may be achieved by incorporating winds retrieved from feature-tracking techniques using satellite imagers. Overall, satellite-retrieved winds are superior to reanalysis products over the data-sparse Arctic Ocean and provide increased accuracy for analyses requiring wind information.
Trends and anomalies for the 22.5-yr record are calculated for both meridional and zonal winds at eight levels between the surface and 300 hPa. Annual mean trends are similar at varying levels, reflecting the relatively barotropic nature of the Arctic troposphere. Zonal winds are more westerly over Eurasia and the western Arctic Ocean, while westerlies have weakened over northern Canada. Combined with the corresponding pattern in meridional winds, these results suggest that the polar vortex has, on average, shifted toward northern Canada. Seasonal trends show that some changes persist throughout the year while others vary in magnitude and sign. Most striking are spring patterns, which differ markedly from the other seasons. Changes in meridional winds are consistent with observed trends in melt-onset date and sea ice concentration in the marginal seas. Anomalies in zonal wind profiles exhibit decadal-scale cyclicity in the eastern Arctic Ocean, while overall shifts in anomaly signs are evident and vary by region. The winter North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index correlates moderately with meridional wind anomalies in the Atlantic sector of the Arctic Ocean: positively (0.48) in the Barents Sea and negatively (−0.59) in the Lincoln Sea. These observed trends and anomalies are expected to translate to changes in advected heat and moisture into the Arctic basin, which are likely linked to trends in sea ice extent, melt onset, cloud properties, and surface temperature.
Cumulus Microphysics and Climate Sensitivity
Authors: Del Genio Anthony D. , Kovari William , Yao Mao-Sung , Jonas Jeffrey 
Published: August 2005

Abstract
Precipitation processes in convective storms are potentially a major regulator of cloud feedback. An unresolved issue is how the partitioning of convective condensate between precipitation-size particles that fall out of updrafts and smaller particles that are detrained to form anvil clouds will change as the climate warms. Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) observations of tropical oceanic convective storms indicate higher precipitation efficiency at warmer sea surface temperature (SST) but also suggest that cumulus anvil sizes, albedos, and ice water paths become insensitive to warming at high temperatures. International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP) data show that instantaneous cirrus and deep convective cloud fractions are positively correlated and increase with SST except at the highest temperatures, but are sensitive to variations in large-scale vertical velocity. A simple conceptual model based on a Marshall–Palmer drop size distribution, empirical terminal velocity–particle size relationships, and assumed cumulus updraft speeds reproduces the observed tendency for detrained condensate to approach a limiting value at high SST. These results suggest that the climatic behavior of observed tropical convective clouds is intermediate between the extremes required to support the thermostat and adaptive iris hypotheses.
Statistical Analyses of Satellite Cloud Object Data from CERES. Part I: Methodology and Preliminary Results of the 1998 El Niño/2000 La Niña
Authors: Xu Kuan-Man , Wong Takmeng , Wielicki Bruce A. , Parker Lindsay , Eitzen Zachary A. 
Published: August 2005

Abstract
This study presents an objective classification methodology that uses Earth Observing System (EOS) satellite data to classify distinct “cloud objects” defined by cloud-system types, sizes, geographic locations, and matched large-scale environments. This analysis method identifies a cloud object as a contiguous region of the earth with a single dominant cloud-system type. It determines the shape and size of the cloud object from the satellite data and the cloud-system selection criteria. The statistical properties of the identified cloud objects are analyzed in terms of probability density functions (PDFs) based upon the Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System (CERES) Single Satellite Footprint (SSF) data.
Four distinct types of oceanic cloud objects—tropical deep convection, boundary layer cumulus, transition stratocumulus, and solid stratus—are initially identified from the CERES data collected from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite for this study. Preliminary results are presented from the analysis of the grand-mean PDFs of these four distinct types of cloud objects associated with the strong 1997/98 El Niño in March 1998 and the very weak 2000 La Niña in March 2000. A majority of the CERES footprint statistical characteristics of observed tropical deep convection are similar between the two periods in spite of the climatological contrast. There are, however, statistically significant differences in some cloud macrophysical properties such as the cloud-top height and cloud-top pressure and moderately significant differences in outgoing longwave radiation (OLR), cloud-top temperature, and ice diameter. The footprint statistical characteristics of the three observed boundary layer cloud-system types are distinctly different from one another in all cloud microphysical, macrophysical, optical properties, and radiative fluxes. The differences between the two periods are not significant for most cloud microphysical and optical properties and the top-of-the-atmosphere albedo, but are statistically significant for some cloud macrophysical properties and OLR. These characteristics of the grand-mean PDFs of cloud microphysical, macrophysical, and optical properties and radiative fluxes can be usefully compared with cloud model simulations.
Furthermore, the proportion of different boundary layer cloud types is changed between the two periods in spite of small differences in their grand-mean statistical properties. An increase of the stratus population and a decrease of the cumulus population are evident in the El Niño period compared to the very weak La Niña period. The number of the largest tropical convective cloud objects is larger during the El Niño period, but the total number of tropical convective cloud objects is approximately the same in the two periods.
Health system outcomes and determinants amenable to public health in industrialized countries: a pooled, cross-sectional time series analysis
Authors: Arah Onyebuchi A , Westert Gert P , Delnoij Diana M , Klazinga Niek S 
Published: August 2005

AbstractBackgroundFew studies have tried to assess the combined cross-sectional and temporal contributions of a more comprehensive set of amenable factors to population health outcomes for wealthy countries during the last 30 years of the 20thcentury. We assessed the overall ecological associations between mortality and factors amenable to public health. These amenable factors included addictive and nutritional lifestyle, air quality, public health spending, healthcare coverage, and immunizations.MethodsWe used a pooled cross-sectional, time series analysis with corrected fixed effects regression models in an ecological design involving eighteen member countries of the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development during the period 1970 to 1999.ResultsAlcohol, tobacco, and fat consumption, and sometimes, air pollution were significantly associated with higher all-cause mortality and premature death. Immunizations, health care coverage, fruit/vegetable and protein consumption, and collective health expenditure had negative effects on mortality and premature death, even after controlling for the elderly, density of practicing physicians, doctor visits and per capita GDP. However, tobacco, air pollution, and fruit/vegetable intake were sometimes sensitive to adjustments.ConclusionMortality and premature deaths could be improved by focusing on factors that are amenable to public health policies. Tackling these issues should be reflected in the ongoing assessments of health system performance.