bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Emergence And Story: Beyond Newton, Einstein, And Bohr?
Authors: Kauffman Stuart A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
How Brazen a chapter subtitle: “Beyond Newton, Einstein, and Bohr?” Yet hints we shall find, for the science of Newton, Einstein, and Bohr remains innocent of the propagating coconstructing organization of autonomous agents, of non equilibrium systems building a biosphere. Yet surely the biosphere is part of the universe and any general laws of the universe must necessarily encompass bio spheres here, and if a general biology is necessary, elsewhere in the vastness we glimpse.
The Persistently Innovative Econosphere
Authors: Kauffman Stuart A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
It 1s No Accident that the words for economics and ecology have the same Greek root, “house:’ Ecology and economics are, at root, the same. The economy of Homo habilis and Homo erectus, the stunning flaked flint tools of the Magdalinian culture of the magnificent Cro-Magnon in southern France 14,000 years ago when the large beasts had retreated southward from the glaciation, the invention and spread of writing in Mesopotamia, the Greek agora, and today’s global economy are all in the deepest sense merely the carrying on of the more di versified forms of trade that had their origins with the first autonomous agents and their communities over four billion years ago.
Introduction
Authors: Kennedy J Gerald 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Despite persisting disagreement about Edgar Allan Poe’s liter achievement, no American writer of the antebellum peoys greater current popularity and recognizability. One hundred fifty years after the author’s death, cartoon characters Garfield and Bart Simpson entertain young television viewers by reciting “The Raven,” and the new National Football League team in Baltimore owes its team nickname and logo to that famous poem. The compact disc “Tales of Mystery and Imagination” by the Alan Parsons Project has dazzled rock fans with its pulsating interpretations of Poe texts; such Roger Corman films as The Fall of the House of Usher and The Masque of the Red Death (both featuring Vincent Price) have become cult classics; and Generation-X readers, especially those attracted to the “Goth” counterculture, revel in Poe’s dark fantasies. Apart from Freder ick Douglass, he is the only American writer of his era yet featured on the popular Arts and Entertainment “Biography” series.
Poe and the American Publishing Industry
Authors: Whalen Terence 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
When Poe died in 1849 at the age of forty, “Poor Poe!” was a com refrain in many obituaries and reminiscences of his life. George Lippard remembered him as “a man of genius, hunted by the world, trampled upon by the men he had loaded with favours, and disappointed on every turn of life.” Magazine proprietor George Graham saw Poe’s peculiar genius as the primary cause of his sufferings: “The passionate yearnings of his soul for the beautiful and the true, utterly unfitted him for the rude jostlings and fierce competitorship of trade.” Given the events of his life and the tormented characters depicted in his tales, it is no surprise that eulogists seized upon the romantic outcast as a convenient symbol for Poe’s career. An obituary in the American Whig Review summed up the general lament: “Poor Poe! It was a sad day for him when he was forced from dreams into the real world.”
Poe and the Issue of American Privacy
Authors: Renza Louis A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
At first glance, few readers would identify Poe as a socially representative writer. But at least in one important social area, the increasingly critical issue of :American private freedoms becoming threatened by “the inquisition of popular sentiment,” one could make precisely this case. Tocqueville gave special notice to this problem in mid-nineteenth-century democratic culture: “[T]he power exercised by the mass upon the mind of each individual is extremely great. . . . Wherever social conditions are equal, public opinion presses with enormous weight upon the minds of each individual. . . . :As men grow more alike, each man feels himself weaker in regard to all the rest” (2:275). This way of formulating the issue tends to reduce it to the sociological shibboleth of an ideological ethos—American individualism—contradicted by the very mass society to which it gives rise. If only in his fiction, however, Poe stages the crisis besetting individual freedom in terms of a compromised private sphere, which, inextricably bound to its particular, social construction, permits one to entertain the notion of such freedom in the first place.
Ernest Hemingway, 1899–1961
Authors: Reynolds Michael 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Born in a Chicago suburb on July 21, 1899, Ernest Hemingway was a child of the twentieth century, responding to its every pressure, recording its progress, and aging as it aged. His life seemed to embody the promise of America: with good fortune, hard work, talent, ambition, and a little ruthlessness a man can create himself in the image of his choosing. As a young man in Paris, Hemingway dedicated himself to his writing, and he let nothing interfere with his goal, not parents nor wives, not friends nor children. He created a public persona to match his prose, becoming the person he wanted to be. Like other self-made Americans, however, Hemingway’s invented self was a mask that he wore with less and less ease as he grew older. Despite this public image, his raucous life and several wives, and the critics who turned on him, he left stories and novels so starkly moving that some have become a permanent part of our cultural inheritance.
Neuroplasticity: Evidence from Unilateral Brain Lesions in Children
Authors: Aram Dorothy M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A longstanding issue in developmental neuropsychology has been specialization versus plasticity in the neural substrates for various behavioral functions. Previous reports had suggested that early in life the two hemispheres were equivalent for language functioning (e.g., Marie, 1922), but Lenneberg was the one who was instrumental in developing the commonly held view that language functions were not lateralized early in childhood and that the two hemispheres were comparable in their ability to assume language. Lenneberg’s thesis (1967) was that until 2 years of age a perfect equipotentiality existed for language residing in either hemisphere; that un til 3 years of age, the right hemisphere “can easily adopt sole responsibility for language”; and that from 3 to 10 years of age when language has become localized pre dominantly in the left hemisphere “it is possible to re-establish language presumably by reactivating language functions in the right hemisphere” (pp. 180-181).Contrary to Lenneberg and his followers, evidence for anatomical and functional differences between the hemispheres in infants and young children has continued to build, suggesting that the substrate for at least some aspects of language specialization in the left hemisphere exists at a very early age (e.g., Molfese and Segalowitz, 1988).
Responsible Politics
Authors: Küng Hans 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In venturing to speak here, perhaps all too boldly for some, of a ‘new paradigm of politics’, as a theologian of course I do not want to present the outline of a theory of international relations, their changes and their continuity, thought out in detail. Such a theory was presented, for example, by the American political scientist James N.Rosenau immediately before the great European revolution of 1989.x Against the background of a world situation in which there are no longer great conflicts which overshadow everything, and a number of power centres have formed, sometimes with very different interests, I want to concentrate on the basic ethical structure of the new paradigm of politics, though this has a variety of consequences for political practice. For in my view ‘a new global politics’ cannot be realized without ‘a new global ethic’.
Introduction Genres of Life-Writing
Authors: Israel Kali 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
After her death in October 1904, Emilia Dilke was memorialized as an “exceptionalwoman” by diverse mourners. Involved with the Women’s Trade Union League fromits foundation in 1874, Dilke had been its president from 1886 until her death;accordingly, the Women’s Trade Union Review, the League’s journal, grieved as “her colleagues in the work to which she devoted the larger part of her life and the choicest powers of her ®ne intellect,” regretting the loss of “one . . . ®tted, as few human beings . . . to ®ll the post of leader in a crusade against the tyranny of social tradition and the callousness of social indifference.” Her funeral was attended by representatives of the Trades Union Congress and the Miners’ Federation and by such trade-union luminaries as Mary Macarthur and Ben Tillett. Their testimonials spoke of tradeunionismas “[her life’s] chief enthusiasm, its ruling aim and purpose.” The Reviewprinted letters of mourning from dozens of individuals and organizations in the labor movement along with plans for a memorial fund to support the League’s work. But a year after her death, an anonymous article entitled “The Art-Work of Lady Dilke”appeared
On Not Being An Orphan
Authors: Israel Kali 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Victorian novelists notoriously relied on orphanhood to foreshadow the exceptionality of a hero’s or heroine’s adult life; dead or missing parents often seema prerequisite for an interesting plot. The characters for which Francis Strong has been seen as a model in George Eliot’s Middlemarch and Rhoda Broughton’s Belinda are orphans; Dorothea Brooke and Belinda Churchill are each under the nominal guardianship of loving but sometimes unwise older relatives and each has a single sister who is a loyal, commonsensical contrast to the imaginative exceptionality of the central character. But although the Strong family—and the Dilke and Pattison families discussed in the next two chapters—produced members whose stories have circulated in public texts and whose lives have been written as narratives of exceptional characters, neither Francis Strong nor the other “characters” whose childhoods I describe were orphaned as children.
Optimizing Cognitive Test Norms for Detection
Authors: Sliwinski Martin , Lipton Richard , Buschke Herman , Wasylyshyn Christina 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Neuropsychological testing is often used to provide objective and sensitive evidence of mild cognitive impairment in older adults that may indicate the presence of a dementing illness such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Unfortunately, standard techniques for norming cognitive tests in older adults can diminish a test’s discriminative validity for detecting mild cognitive impairment caused by the early stages of Alzheimer’s disease. The focus of this chapter is on how to construct norms that are optimal for detecting mild cognitive impairment caused by preclinical Alzheimer’s disease (pAD).
Data Modeling and Database Design
Authors: Miller Harvey J , Shaw Shih-Lung 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter addresses the fundamental data requirements and data modeling techniques with special reference to GIS-T. This will set the stage for chapter 3 that focuses on data models developed specifically for GIS-T applications. At first glance, developing data models to meet GIS-T requirements may not appear to be a formidable problem. In contrast with many other GIS application domains, GIS-T has a central object of study, namely, the transportation network in a study area.
Transportation Planning
Authors: Miller Harvey J , Shaw Shih-Lung 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter is the first of several on applications of geographic information science and systems in transportation. In this chapter, we discuss the role of GIS and spatial analysis in transportation planning. The objective of transportation planning is to guide development of a land-use/transportation system to achieve beneficial economic, social and environmental outcomes. This can range from tactical decisions such as planning new right-of-ways or public transit routes to long-term, strategic planning of the entire system. (Issues concerning operational or day-to-day transportation management will be discussed in the next chapter on intelligent transportation systems.)
Hurricane Climate Data
Authors: Elsner James B , Kara A Birol 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The historical record of tropical cyclones over the North Atlantic, Caribbean Sea, and Gulf of Mexico extends back more than half a millennium. Geological records provide clues to hurricane activity farther back still. This chapter identifies the sources of historical hurricane data for the North Atlantic basin. It provides a chronology of the technological advances that make it possible to accurately account for past and present tropical cyclone activity. Caveats concerning the limitation of the classifications outlined in Chapter 2 within the context of data resolution and reliability are considered. The chapter concludes with a look at the potential for improvements and extensions to the historical hurricane record through the use of proxy reconstruction methods.
North Atlantic Hurricanes
Authors: Elsner James B , Kara A Birol 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Hurricanes are a regular feature of the North Atlantic basin during late summer and early autumn. But, what is the average hurricane frequency and where are hurricanes most likely to form? These are some of the questions addressed in this chapter. Specifically, a climatology of North Atlantic hurricanes (historically referred to as West Indian hurricanes) is presented based on the best-track data set. The focus is on frequencies, duration, origins, tracks, and dissipation of the known North Atlantic hurricanes over the period 1886 through 1996 (111 years). The North Atlantic basin includes the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean Sea. The recent updates to the best-track data made by Jose Fernandez-Partagas and Henry F. Diaz are not included in this chapter as they constitute rather minor adjustments to the data set.
U.S. Hurricanes
Authors: Elsner James B , Kara A Birol 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Landfalling hurricanes cause significant social and economic hardships. Understanding when and where they occur is important for planning and mitigation. This chapter examines the statistics of U.S. landfalling hurricanes. Landfall is observed when all or part of the hurricane eye wall (see Chapter 1) crosses the shoreline. Landfalling hurricanes have the greatest potential to do damage and inflict casualties. The impacts are most acute along the immediate coastline and barrier islands. Over the open ocean, small islands are particularly vulnerable to a disaster even when the eye of the hurricane stays out to sea. Major hurricanes that skirt the coast can cause considerable damage to property even if the center remains out over the ocean. Storm surge and wind are responsible for much of the damage along the immediate coastline. Flooding rains are a significant concern inland.
Hurricane Cycles and Trends
Authors: Elsner James B , Kara A Birol 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The prospect of “global warming” leading to a future with more frequent and intense hurricanes has surfaced in the public imagination (see, e.g., Schneider 1989, Easterbrook 1995). Fluctuations in North Atlantic hurricanes have important implications for planning and development. Trends in abundance, duration, location, and intensity of hurricanes are of concern to both public and private economic sectors. Social benefits may be realized through accurate predictions of future activity. Practical considerations aside, there is a desire to understand nature in terms of simple explanations. Given a set of observations it is natural and practical to examine it for regular patterns and trends. This chapter looks at the case for oscillations and long-term trends in North Atlantic hurricane activity. The presentation follows the work of Elsner et al. (1999b).
Prospects for Extended Range Outlooks
Authors: Elsner James B , Kara A Birol 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Forecast utility is a function of both skill and lead time. Seasonal hurricane forecasts of activity several years in advance have the potential for greater utility. Presently, lead time is about 9 months for seasonal forecasts issued in early December. However, as discussed earlier, annual North Atlantic hurricane frequencies show preferred periods of oscillation on times ranging from months to years. This offers the possibility for extended-range seasonal forecasts. Assuming the past is a good indicator of the future, regularities in the time series can be exploited to make multi-season prognostications.
Integrated Assessment
Authors: Elsner James B , Kara A Birol 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Economic losses in the United States caused by hurricanes have risen dramatically during the past several decades. In the early 1980s losses averaged approximately $1 billion annually, five times the losses in years during the 1950s. Concerning the U.S. hurricane problem, the challenge is to improve public and private decision making with the help of scientific research (Pielke and Pielke 1997b). Knowledge of uncertainty and risk are important for understanding the economics associated with the hurricane peril. For example, the insurance industry (Chapter 19) depends on a careful assessment of various risks. It is essential to have an adequate record of the past and present behavior of hurricane climate as well as a proper interpretation of it. According to Changnon and Changnon (1990), there are four components of climate data important for the analysis of risks relevant to property insurance. The components include averages, variances, frequencies, and intensities of extreme events. A critical aspect of these components are long-term shifts. Beyond knowledge of the past and present climate, predictions of future climate changes are integral to risk analysis. Emphasis on the economics of hurricane activity affecting the United States is not meant to downplay the seriousness of the threat to human lives, both in the United States and elsewhere.
Category Inference
Authors: Overstreet Maryann 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The general picture to emerge from studies of category implication is one in which speakers attach a general extender (e.g., and things) to a named exemplar or exemplars (e.g., forks) to create an expression (e.g., forks and things) that implicates a category (e.g., cutlery). From this expression and its implication, the hearer can infer additional or alternate members (e.g., spoons, knives) of the category that the speaker has in mind. Stated in this way, with these particular examples, the category implication analysis seems to be a straight forward and relatively simple way of accounting for general extenders and the cognitive processing involved in their interpretation.
Expectations, Evaluations, and Emphasis
Authors: Overstreet Maryann 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this description, Lyons is actually discussing sentence-initial adverbs such as Frankly, but in many respects, it is a remarkably accurate account of how some general extenders are used. Just as the sentence-initial adverbs in Lyons’s analysis are used to express modality-the speaker’s attitude to the proposition or situation described-so too are many of the general extenders that occur in interactive discourse.
Affect, Aggression, and Antisocial Behavior
Authors: Berkowitz Leonard 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Before embarking on this examination of the influence of feelings on antisocial behavior, I must spell out what this concept antisocial behavior refers to as far as this chapter is concerned. The term is employed frequently in psychology and psychiatry (although not in sociology), but it does not always have the same specific meaning and/or involve exactly the same issues. Sometimes it refers, relatively narrowly, only to behavior. However, most discussions involving this notion—usually those focused on persistent patterns of conduct—often have a broader meaning in mind, one that has to do with both actions and personality characteristics. Farrington (1997) has highlighted this latter, broader usage. He noted that definitions and measurements of the “antisocial syndrome” typically encompass both a wide variety of behaviors—ranging from those that are illegal (such as violent offenses and drug use) to those that deviate from conventional norms but are not criminal (such as sexual promiscuity and repeated lying)—and also such personality features as impulsiveness, selfishness, and aggressiveness. This wide-ranging conception is certainly warranted for many purposes; research has repeatedly demonstrated that the people who frequently engage in antisocial behaviors tend to have the particular personality qualities just listed (e.g., Farrington, 1982; Robins & Price, 1991). Nevertheless, this chapter concentrates only on actions, not on personality dispositions, because I am concerned primarily with situational influences on what people are apt to do. Furthermore, the behaviors of interest here are more than violations of traditional rules of conduct. I deal mainly with those counternormative actions that harm others directly—primarily acts of aggression—and do not take up other antisocial behaviors, such as imbibing alcohol or abusing drugs, that lack this feature. The injury can be inflicted in many different ways, of course— through burglary, embezzlement, the sale of drugs, partner battering, child abuse, barroom brawls, and so on—but in order to keep the literature review within manageable limits, I combine these various behaviors conceptually into one broad class. There is some empirical justification for such a general notion of antisocial behavior, at least when dealing with relatively long-lasting individual differences. Investigations of troublesome adolescents have found that these youths often can be grouped meaningfully into just a few categories. Some researchers have even proposed that this typology is unidimensional (see Berkowitz, 2000a; Loeber & Schmaling, 1985; Patterson, Reid, & Dishion, 1992). As one example, the Loeber and Schmaling (1985) analysis of 22 studies of school-age children indicated that the youngsters’ antisocial behaviors could be ordered along a “covert-overt” continuum.