bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determinants of Iron and Folic Acid Supplementation Adherence among Women of Reproductive Age in Kilifi South Sub-County, Kilifi County, Kenya
Authors: Machini Marion Bochaberi , Oyore John Paul , Wanyoro Anthony 
Published: November 2023

Background: Iron deficiency anemia among expectant women causes health consequences. Iron Folic Acid supplementation is the foremost strategy established to curb pregnancy-related anemia. Poor adherence is still a problem despite implementation. Pregnant women are recommended to take 60mgs of iron and 400 mcg of folic acid daily from conception till birth.
Objective: The main objective of this study was to find out the determinants of iron and folic acid supplementation adherence among women of reproductive age, with children 0-23 months in Kilifi South Sub-County, Kilifi County, Kenya.
Methodology: A cross-sectional survey was used. Cluster and simple random sampling were used to recruit study participants. Obtained sample size was 324 participants. chi-square and logistic regression were utilized to determine the degree of association between dependent and independent variables. Statistical significance was attained at P<0.05. Odds Ratio was used to test for the strength of association.
Results: Adherence to iron and folic acid supplementation was low at 31.2%. Values for various variables were; education level of the mother (P=0.002), age(P=0.03, OR=1.26), monthly income (P=0.044, OR=1.622), Number of ANC visits(P=0.000), knowledge on IFAS (P=0.023), knowledge on anemia (P=0.005), knowledge of anemia causes (P=0.000), knowledge of effects of anemia in pregnancy (P=0.000), Being anemic during pregnancy (P=0.000; OR=3.35) IFAS accessibility (P= 0.019) and challenges faced when acquiring the supplements (P=0.03). Some of the challenges listed were late ANC attendance 57.1%, side effects 53.4%, forgetfulness 32.4%, long distance to the facility 59.4%, and stockouts 29.9%. Anemia was found to be high at 69.4%.
Conclusions: Iron folic acid supplementation was low. Anemia prevalence was high. Individual factors associated with adherence were education level, antenatal visits, knowledge of the supplements, knowledge of anemia, knowledge of the effects of anemia, and being anemic. Health system factors associated with adherence were the availability of IFAS and experience of challenges during antenatal clinic visits.
Customizing Hydrophilic Terminations for V2CTx MXene Toward Superior Hybrid‐Ion Storage in Aqueous Zinc Batteries
Authors: Chen Chen , Wang Tianhao , Zhao Xudong , Wu Aiduo , Li Shengwei , Zhang Ning , Qu Xuanhui , Jiao Lifang , Liu Yongchang 
Published: November 2023

AbstractV2CTx MXene is a “rising star” cathode material for aqueous zinc‐based batteries (AZBs) owing to its large/flexible interlayer spacing, rich redox chemistry of V, and high electronic conductivity. Nevertheless, the plentiful F surface terminations generated during the common preparation (fluorine‐containing acid etching process) of V2CTx generally result in high hydrophobicity, poor Zn affinity, and sluggish ion‐diffusion kinetics. Herein, a novel OH‐termination‐rich V2CTx material with interlayer “K+‐pillars” (alk‐V2CTx) is fabricated via a facile one‐step alkalization method, which features excellent hydrophilicity, expanded ion‐transport channels, and robust layered structure. Impressively, the tailored alk‐V2CTx cathode enables highly reversible and rapid Li+/Zn2+ co‐insertion/extraction electrochemistry in the formulated 15 m LiTSFI + 1 m Zn(CF3SO3)2 aqueous electrolyte, meanwhile, the “self‐exfoliation” phenomenon of MXenes upon cycling significantly increases the active sites, rendering the superior rate performance (498.2/195.1 mAh g−1 at 0.1/30 A g−1, respectively) and exceptional cycling life (96.2% capacity retention over 20 000 cycles). Systematic in situ/ex situ analyses and theoretical computations elucidate the above hybrid‐ion storage mechanisms. Finally, flexible quasi‐solid‐state rechargeable Zn batteries employing the alk‐V2CTx cathode exhibit inspiring energy output even under severe deformation conditions and low temperatures. This study provides new perspectives for designing high‐performance MXene‐based cathodes for AZBs by modulating surface terminations.
Self‐Contained Moisture Management and Evaporative Cooling Through 1D to 3D Hygroscopic All‐Polymer Composites
Authors: Li Shuai , Shao Ke , Wu Xiaochun , Wang Shuxue , Li Jingjing , Guo Cui , Yu Liangmin , Murto Petri , Xu Xiaofeng 
Published: November 2023

AbstractSorption‐based moisture management and evaporative cooling represent emerging technologies with substantial potential for energy‐saving personal thermal management (PTM). However, design of high‐performance and durable hygroscopic composites combining efficient heat dissipation with wearing comfort presents significant challenges. Herein, hygroscopic 1D nanofibers and 2D fabrics are developed using two hygroscopic polymers and crosslinking strategies. The design endows the fabrics with self‐contained properties including excellent hygroscopicity, durability, ductility, breathability, washability, and antimicrobial capability. The fabrics exhibit thickness‐independent moisture sorption and equilibrium water uptake of 1.19 g g−1 in 4 h under 90% relative humidity (RH). About 80% of the absorbed water can be rapidly released through mild heating within 10 min. These high moisture sorption/desorption rates outperform the majority of composite desiccants, enabling up to five sorption/desorption cycles per day under a real sky. The hygroscopic fabrics can reduce apparent temperatures and prevent unsightly sweat stains on clothing, improving thermal and clothing comfort. Furthermore, hygroscopic 3D hierarchical matrices are printed, showcasing the potential to use small amounts of hygroscopic materials to boost moisture sorption. This work advances the controlled fabrication of hygroscopic polymer composites, ranging from 1D nanofibers and 2D fabrics to 3D matrices, highlighting their promising prospects for future sorption‐based PTM applications.
Metal‐Halide Gelated MXene and Its Use as a Bifunctional Sulfur Host Stabilizing Both Cathode and Anode for Practical Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Peng Linkai , Han Junwei , Cao Yun , Geng Chuannan , Pan Zheng‐Ze , Nishihara Hirotomo , Yang Quan‐Hong , Lv Wei 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe gelation of MXene promises to assemble a 3D conductive and catalytic monolith for various applications. However, controllable assembly and function customization are still challenging. Here, with a “killing two birds with one stone” initiator (metal halide, typically ZnI2), the controllable gelation of MXene is enabled, which produces a sulfur host that stabilizes not only the cathode but also the lithium metal anode for lithium‐sulfur batteries. Zn2+ cations trigger the gelation and act as linkers between MXene nanosheets (NSs), while the iodine anions as spacers avoid the NSs restacking, forming a monolith with a well‐tunable 3D structure. As a sulfur host, the formed 3D monolith with adsorptive Zn─O sites and highly accessible surface greatly enhances the sulfur redox kinetics, effectively suppressing the shuttling and sulfur loss. At the same time, iodine anions are released into the electrolyte as additives eliminating dead Li for the anode in cycling. Thus, the assembled battery shows high Coulombic efficiency (∼above 99%, even under high sulfur loading: 6.6 mg cm−2) and long cycling stability. Under the practical condition (E/S ratio: 5 µL mgs−1, sulfur loading: 5 mg cm−2), high capacity retention of >70% for 200 cycles is achieved.
Self‐Powered Electrically Controlled Drug Release Systems Based on Nanogenerator
Authors: Luo Weikang , Luo Ruizeng , Liu Jingjing , Li Zhou , Wang Yang 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPrecision medicine requires precise regulation of drugs in terms of time, space, and dosage. Exogenous control systems, such as electrical responsiveness, have made great progress. However, wearable or implantable controlled drug release devices still face major challenges due to limitations including limited battery life, large size, and fixed power supply. To overcome these limitations, the fabrication of autonomous devices is available to endure extended periods without reliance on external power sources. As a promising strategy, nanogenerators (NGs) turn body mechanical energy into electricity, powering long‐term drug release. In this review, the current status of drug delivery systems (DDS) is briefly outlined and the importance of self‐driven controlled drug release systems is emphasized. The main types and operational mechanisms of various nanogenerators are introduced. This review also focuses on summarizing the latest progress of self‐powered controlled drug release systems based on nanogenerators (NG‐based CDRs). Additionally, their applications in the field of drug release are introduced in detail. Finally, the existing challenges and future trends of self‐powered NG‐based CDRs are discussed from the perspectives of clinical needs and practical translation.
Additive Manufacturing of Poly(phenylene Sulfide) Aerogels via Simultaneous Material Extrusion and Thermally Induced Phase Separation
Authors: Godshall Garrett F. , Rau Daniel A. , Williams Christopher B. , Moore Robert B. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAdditive manufacturing (AM) of aerogels increases the achievable geometric complexity, and affords fabrication of hierarchically porous structures. In this work, a custom heated material extrusion (MEX) device prints aerogels of poly(phenylene sulfide) (PPS), an engineering thermoplastic, via in situ thermally induced phase separation (TIPS). First, pre‐prepared solid gel inks are dissolved at high temperatures in the heated extruder barrel to form a homogeneous polymer solution. Solutions are then extruded onto a room‐temperature substrate, where printed roads maintain their bead shape and rapidly solidify via TIPS, thus enabling layer‐wise MEX AM. Printed gels are converted to aerogels via postprocessing solvent exchange and freeze‐drying. This work explores the effect of ink composition on printed aerogel morphology and thermomechanical properties. Scanning electron microscopy micrographs reveal complex hierarchical microstructures that are compositionally dependent. Printed aerogels demonstrate tailorable porosities (50.0–74.8%) and densities (0.345–0.684 g cm−3), which align well with cast aerogel analogs. Differential scanning calorimetry thermograms indicate printed aerogels are highly crystalline (≈43%), suggesting that printing does not inhibit the solidification process occurring during TIPS (polymer crystallization). Uniaxial compression testing reveals that compositionally dependent microstructure governs aerogel mechanical behavior, with compressive moduli ranging from 33.0 to 106.5 MPa.
Strong p‐d Orbital Hybridization on Bismuth Nanosheets for High Performing CO2 Electroreduction
Authors: Cao Xueying , Tian Yadong , Ma Jizhen , Guo Weijian , Cai Wenwen , Zhang Jintao 
Published: November 2023

AbstractSingle‐atom alloys (SAAs) show great potential for a variety of electrocatalytic reactions. However, the atomic orbital hybridization effect of SAAs on the electrochemical reactions is unclear yet. Herein, the in situ confinement of vanadium/molybdenum/tungsten atoms on bismuth nanosheet is shown to create SAAs with rich grain boundaries, respectively. With the detailed analysis of microstructure and composition, the strong p‐d orbital hybridization between bismuth and vanadium enables the exceptional electrocatalytic performance for carbon dioxide (CO2) reduction with the Faradaic efficiency nearly 100% for C1 products in a wide potential range from −0.6 to −1.4 V, and a long‐term electrolysis stability for 90 h. In‐depth in situ investigations with theoretical computations reveal that the electron delocalization toward vanadium atoms via the p‐d orbital hybridization evokes the bismuth active centers for efficient CO2 activation via the σ‐donation of O‐to‐Bi, thus reduces protonation energy barriers for formate production. With such fundamental understanding, SAA electrocatalyst is employed to fabricated the solar‐driven electrolytic cell of CO2 reduction and 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural oxidation, achieving an outstanding 2,5‐furandicarboxylic acid yield of 90.5%. This study demonstrates a feasible strategy to rationally design advanced SAA electrocatalysts via the basic principles of p‐d orbital hybridization.
Unlocking the Design Paradigm of In‐Plane Heterojunction with Built‐in Bifunctional Anion Vacancy for Unexpectedly Fast Sodium Storage
Authors: Ma Dingtao , Zhao Zhehao , Wang Yanyi , Yang Xiaodan , Yang Ming , Chen Yangwu , Zhu Jianhui , Mi Hongwei , Zhang Peixin 
Published: November 2023

AbstractTransition metal chalcogenide (TMD) electrodes in sodium‐ion batteries exhibit intrinsic shortcomings such as sluggish reaction kinetics, unstable conversion thermodynamics, and substantial volumetric strain effects, which lead to electrochemical failure. This report unlocks a design paradigm of VSe2−x/C in‐plane heterojunction with built‐in anion vacancy, achieved through an in situ functionalization and self‐limited growth approach. Theoretical and experimental investigations reveal the bifunctional role of the Se vacancy in enhancing the ion diffusion kinetics and the structural thermodynamics of NaxVSe2 active phases. Moreover, this in‐plane heterostructure facilitates complete face contact between the two components and tight interfacial conductive contact between the conversion phases, resulting in enhanced reaction reversibility. The VSe2−x/C heterojunction electrode exhibits remarkable sodium‐ion storage performance, retaining specific capacities of 448.7 and 424.9 mAh g−1 after 1000 cycles at current densities of 5 and 10 A g−1, respectively. Moreover, it exhibits a high specific capacity of 353.1 mAh g−1 even under the demanding condition of 100 A g−1, surpassing most previous achievements. The proposed strategy can be extended to other V5S8−x and V2O5−x‐based heterojunctions, marking a conceptual breakthrough in advanced electrode design for constructing high‐performance sodium‐ion batteries.
Breakthrough Solution for Antimicrobial Resistance Detection: Surface‐Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy‐based on Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Al‐Shaebi Zakarya , Akdeniz Munevver , Ahmed Awel Olsido , Altunbek Mine , Aydin Omer 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAntimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global crisis, responsible for ≈700 000 annual deaths, as reported by the World Health Organization. To counteract this growing threat to public health, innovative solutions for early detection and characterization of drug‐resistant bacterial strains are imperative. Surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) combined with artificial intelligence (AI) technology presents a promising avenue to address this challenge. This review provides a concise overview of the latest advancements in SERS and AI, showcasing their transformative potential in the context of AMR. It explores the diverse methodologies proposed, highlighting their advantages and limitations. Additionally, the review underscores the significance of SERS in tandem use with machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) in combating AMR and emphasizes the importance of ongoing research and development efforts in this critical field. Future developments for this technology could transform the way antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is addressed and pave the way for novel approaches to the protection of public health worldwide.
Quasi‐Freestanding Graphene via Sulfur Intercalation: Evidence for a Transition State
Authors: Wolff Susanne , Tilgner Niclas , Speck Florian , Schädlich Philip , Göhler Fabian , Seyller Thomas 
Published: November 2023

AbstractSulfur intercalation of a carbon rich reconstruction on silicon carbide, also known as buffer layer, is reported. In a two‐zone furnace a sulfur rich precursor is heated and the gaseous species is transported for intercalation by an argon flow to the sample. Successful intercalation can be confirmed by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and low‐energy electron diffraction. Angle‐resolved photoelectron spectroscopy reveals a p‐type doping of the intercalated samples. In some cases only partial intercalation appears with non‐intercalated sulfur on top of the remaining buffer layer areas. Further annealing of such samples leads to a migration of the non‐intercalated sulfur under the buffer layer areas, indicating that the sulfur bonded to the buffer layer constitutes a transition state.
Nature‐Inspired Anti‐Reflective Texturization for Solar Energy Applications
Authors: Novikova Anastasia , Katiyi Aviad , Karabchevsky Alina 
Published: November 2023

AbstractSolar energy is a source of renewable energy that is harnessed using a range of technologies. With the development of humanity's interest in solar energy, there is a need to collect and store it. However, the current photovoltaic cells that are used to collect solar energy are far from being optimized, and their further development is in much demand. While there are many factors related to the low efficiency of solar cells, the main challenge is in solving optical losses. In this review, a comprehensive overview of texturization as occurring in nature is provided and recently reported as a technique to increase the transparency of surfaces. The basic concepts and typical patterns are introduced, followed by a discussion of representative works and their uniqueness. Furthermore, insights regarding the future of the emerging domain of nature‐inspired anti‐reflective patterns, with the goal of encouraging researchers to enhance solar cell efficiency and expand the utilization of such patterns for various applications are presented.
Design of High‐Performance Bilayer Solar Evaporator Using Graphene‐Coated Bamboo Prepared by Near‐Infrared Laser‐Induced Carbonization of Polystyrene
Authors: Cheng Junfeng , Tang Siqian , Wang Zhaolan , Fan Xiaoxue , Wu Dun , Wang Dong , Liu Chunlin , Cao Zheng 
Published: November 2023

Solar seawater evaporation is a sustainable seawater desalination technology. However, how to convert low‐cost waste general plastics into highly efficient photothermal materials remains a challenge. By using the idea of “near‐infrared laser‐induced carbonization” at room temperature and in air atmosphere, polystyrene (PS) can be easily converted into graphene. Bismuth oxide (Bi2O3) catalyst is proven to efficiently convert laser energy into thermal energy and transmit it to the surrounding PS matrix, promoting carbonization. On this basis, by adjusting the catalyst content and the laser energy density per unit area, laser‐induced graphene (LIG) materials with high specific surface area, fast water transport, and high solar energy absorption efficiency can be obtained. Furthermore, the LIG materials are coated on the surface of natural bamboo with a capillary structure. This bilayer evaporation device has an evaporation rate of 1.51 kg m−2 h−1 and an energy conversion efficiency of 87.1% under irradiation of 1 sun. This work not only reveals the possibility of preparing high‐value‐added graphene materials from waste general‐purpose plastics, but also proves the application prospects of LIG materials in the field of solar seawater evaporation. This will provide a feasible approach for promoting the development of carbonization of waste general plastics.
Synthesis of Chiral Diazabicycloalkanes via Organocatalytic aza‐Michael/Aldol Reaction
Authors: Scharinger Fabian , Weil Matthias , Schnürch Michael , Bica‐Schröder Katharina 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWe introduce a strategy for the one‐step synthesis of chiral diazabicycloalkanes that delivers the annulated ring system in a single reaction step. The method entails a direct aza‐Michael/aldol reaction of enals in conjunction with modified oxopropanamides and establishes the chiral center via iminium‐enamine tandem catalysis. For this purpose, we developed simple diphenylethylendiamine frameworks as dual activation organocatalyst, effectively engaging both the substrate and reagent, thus leading to yields of 31–86% and enantioselectivities in the range of 80–98%. The final product features not only the diazabicycloalkane moiety but includes also additional functionalities, such as aldehyde motives that can be modified in situ without loss of enantioselectivity, and an sp2‐bearing methyl group. Our approach accommodates a wide array of enals with high functional group tolerance. Additionally, we demonstrated the adjustability of enantioselectivity and yield by modulating the acid cocatalyst‘s quantity, thus offering multiple optimization possibilities.
Synergetic Effects of Amino‐Functionalized Reduced Graphene Oxide And Barium Strontium Titanate Pillars on Enhancing Triboelectric Performance
Authors: Gajula Prasad , Woo Insun , Yoon Jae Uk , Bae Jin Woo 
Published: November 2023

AbstractHighly polar tribolayers are essential for magnifying the output performance of triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs). This study investigates the synergetic effect of tetraethylene pentamine‐functionalized reduce graphene oxide (rGO‐TEPA) and barium strontium titanate (BST) pillars on tribopositive and tribonegative layers, respectively. The surface potentials of pristine polyurethane (PU) and Ecoflex (EC0) increases by 2.2 (from 203 to 439 V) and 2.1 (from−848 to −1813 V) times their initial values by embedding 5 wt.% of rGO‐TEPA and 10 wt.% of BST, respectively. The optimized 2 wt.% of rGO‐TEPA loaded PU/5wt.% of BST loaded EC‐TENG (PU2/EC5‐TENG) produce a maximum open circuit potential (VOC) of 440 V, short circuit current (ISC) of 11.2 µA, and surface charge (Q) of 87 nC when employing a 12.5 N load at a frequency of 5 Hz. The PU2/EC5‐TENG shows an output performance (VOC) ≈2.7 times higher than PU/EC0‐TENG, revealing the capability of the rGO‐TEPA and BST pillars to enhance the performance of TENGs. The optimized PU2/EC5‐TENG shows a maximum power density of 0.58 Wm−2 at 70 MΩ and demonstrate real‐time applications such as lighting LEDs (100 no's) and low‐power LCD display (stopwatch). This demonstrates the applicability of the proposed PU2/EC5‐TENG in self‐powered low‐power electronics.
Listen to Your Gut: Key Concepts for Bioengineering Advanced Models of the Intestine
Authors: Cameron Oliver , Neves Joana F. , Gentleman Eileen 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe intestine performs functions central to human health by breaking down food and absorbing nutrients while maintaining a selective barrier against the intestinal microbiome. Key to this barrier function are the combined efforts of lumen‐lining specialized intestinal epithelial cells, and the supportive underlying immune cell‐rich stromal tissue. The discovery that the intestinal epithelium can be reproduced in vitro as intestinal organoids introduced a new way to understand intestinal development, homeostasis, and disease. However, organoids reflect the intestinal epithelium in isolation whereas the underlying tissue also contains myriad cell types and impressive chemical and structural complexity. This review dissects the cellular and matrix components of the intestine and discusses strategies to replicate them in vitro using principles drawing from bottom‐up biological self‐organization and top‐down bioengineering. It also covers the cellular, biochemical and biophysical features of the intestinal microenvironment and how these can be replicated in vitro by combining strategies from organoid biology with materials science. Particularly accessible chemistries that mimic the native extracellular matrix are discussed, and bioengineering approaches that aim to overcome limitations in modelling the intestine are critically evaluated. Finally, the review considers how further advances may extend the applications of intestinal models and their suitability for clinical therapies.