bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long-term follow-up of a consecutive cohort validating an epidermal growth factor receptor mutation as an independent risk factor for postoperative recurrence in lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Matsumura Yuki , Hayasaka Kazuki , Ohira Tetsuya , Shiono Satoshi , Abe Jiro , Notsuda Hirotsugu , Sakurada Akira , Suzuki Hiroyuki , Okada Yoshinori 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Third-generation epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors were recently reported to be effective as adjuvant therapy for resected lung adenocarcinoma (ADC) harbouring common EGFR mutations. However, whether the EGFR mutation is a direct risk factor for postoperative recurrence remains unknown. Therefore, we conducted a multi-institutional observational study to compare postoperative survival according to EGFR mutation status.

METHODS
We collected the medical records of consecutive patients who underwent surgical resection for ADC between 2005 and 2012 at 4 participating institutions. Recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) associated with EGFR mutation status were evaluated. We further analysed survival after pair-matching patients’ clinicopathological characteristics.

RESULTS
EGFR mutations were harboured by 401 of 840 (48%) enrolled patients. The number of patients with an EGFR mutation (M group) differed from that with the EGFR wild-type sequence (W group) in terms of sex, smoking history and pathological stage. The median follow-up period was 85 months. The five-year RFS/OS rates of the M and W groups were 70%/85% and 61%/75%, respectively (P &lt; 0.001 for both groups). However, multivariable analysis revealed that EGFR mutation status was not independently related with both RFS and OS. In pair-matched analysis, the RFS and OS curves of the patients with an EGFR mutation and wild-type sequence were not statistically different, either.

CONCLUSIONS
Long-term follow-up of consecutive patients did not show that a common EGFR mutation was an independent risk factor of recurrence or prognostic factor for completely resected lung ADC.
Surgery for bronchiectasis-destroyed lung: feasibility of video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery, and surgical outcomes
Authors: Xu Xinnan , Dai Jie , Jin Kaiqi , Liu Xiaogang , Yang Yang , Ge Tao , Li Qiuyuan , Jiang Chao , He Wenxin , Wang Haifeng , Zhang Peng , Jiang Gening 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
To provide the experience of surgical treatment for bronchiectasis-destroyed lung (BDL) and evaluate the feasibility of video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS).

METHODS
BDL patients underwent surgical treatment between January 2013 and June 2018 were included. Logistic regression was performed to assess factors for major complications, and Cox’s regression was performed to assess factors affected symptomatic outcome.

RESULTS
Totally, 143 patients were treated by VATS (n = 64) and thoracotomy (n = 79). Nine (14.1%) cases scheduled for VATS were converted to thoracotomy for dense adhesions (n = 6) and frozen hilum (n = 3). The VATS group had a median chest tube duration, hospitalization and a time of returning to full activity of 4 days, 5 days and 1.5 months, respectively. Major complications occurred in 28 (19.6%) of all patients, 50.0% after pneumonectomy and 13.4% after lobectomy/extensive lobectomy. Multivariable analysis identified pneumonectomy [odds ratio, 3.64; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.18–11.21] as a significant predictor for major complications. Overall, 141 (98.6%) patients benefitted from surgery (completely asymptomatic, n = 109; acceptable alleviation, n = 32). Thirty-four patients experienced relapse of the disease, including 13 with productive cough, 11 with haemoptysis and 10 with recurrent infections. Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection [hazard ratio (HR), 3.07; 95% CI, 1.38–6.83] and extent of remanent bronchiectatic areas (HR, 1.03; 95% CI, 1.00–1.05) were independent risk factors for shorter relapse free interval.

CONCLUSIONS
VATS for BDL is feasible in well-selected patients. Pneumonectomy increased the risk of postoperative major complications. Removing all BDL lesions contributed to satisfactory prognosis.
Population-level detection of early loss of kidney function: 7-year follow-up of a young adult cohort at risk of Mesoamerican nephropathy
Authors: Gonzalez-Quiroz Marvin , Heggeseth Brianna , Camacho Armando , Oomatia Amin , Al-Rashed Ali M , Zhang Yixuan , McCreight Alexander , Jewell Nicholas , Aragon Aurora , Nitsch Dorothea , Pearce Neil , Caplin Ben 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background
Mesoamerican nephropathy is a leading contributor to premature mortality in Central America. Efforts to identify the cause are hampered by difficulties in distinguishing associations with potential initiating factors from common exposures thought to exacerbate the progression of all forms of established chronic kidney disease (CKD). We explored evidence of disease onset or departure from the healthy estimated glomerular filtration rate distribution [departure from ∼eGFR(healthy)] in an at-risk population.

Methods
Two community-based cohorts (adults aged 18–30 years, n = 351 and 420) from 11 rural communities in Northwest Nicaragua were followed up over 7 and 3 years respectively. We examined associations with both (i) incident CKD and (ii) the time point of departure from ∼eGFR(healthy), using a hidden Markov model.

Results
CKD occurred in men only (male incidence rate: 0.7%/year). Fifty-three (out of 1878 visits, 2.7%) and 8 (out of 1067 visits, 0.8%) episodes of probable departure from ∼eGFR(healthy) occurred in men and women, respectively. Cumulative time in sugarcane work and symptoms of excess occupational sun exposure were associated with incident CKD. The same exposures were associated with probability of departure from ∼eGFR(healthy) in time-updated analyses along with measured and self-reported weight loss, nausea, vomiting and cramps, as well as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug use.

Conclusions
CKD burden in this population is high and risk factors for established disease are occupational. Additionally, a syndrome suggesting an alternative exposure is associated with evidence of disease onset supporting a possible separate unknown initiating factor for which further investigation is needed. Interventions to reduce the impact of occupational risks should be pursued meanwhile.
Human infection challenge in the pandemic era and beyond, HIC-Vac annual meeting report, 2022
Authors: Barnes Megan V C , Mandla Anika , Smith Emma , Maskuniitty Maija , Openshaw Peter J M ,   HIC-Vac meeting contributors, Abo Yara-Natalie , Ascough Stephanie , Ashwin Helen , Avirutnan Panisadee , Catchpole Andrew P , Chi Primus Che , Chiu Christopher , Darton Thomas C , Driciru Emmanuella , Dula Dingase , Ferreira Daniela M , Fraser Alastair , Garrett Phoebe , Gbesemete Diane , Gordon Stephen , Heymann David L , Houlder Emma , Jamrozik Euzebiusz , Kapulu Melissa , Kessy Enock , Overgaard Kildemoes Anna M , Koopman Jan Pieter , McShane Helen , Navanukroh Oranich , Osier Faith H , Osowicki Joshua , Pham Vy , Pollard Andrew J , Ratta-apha Woraphat , Silk Sarah E , Sridhar Saranya , Swanson Kena A , Talaat Kawsar R , Thwaites Ryan S , Welch Orly 
Published: November 2023

Summary
HIC-Vac is an international network of researchers dedicated to developing human infection challenge studies to accelerate vaccine development against pathogens of high global impact. The HIC-Vac Annual Meeting (3rd and 4th November 2022) brought together stakeholders including researchers, ethicists, volunteers, policymakers, industry partners, and funders with a strong representation from low- and middle-income countries. The network enables sharing of research findings, especially in endemic regions. Discussions included pandemic preparedness and the role of human challenge to accelerate vaccine development during outbreak, with industry speakers emphasising the great utility of human challenge in vaccine development. Public consent, engagement, and participation in human challenge studies were addressed, along with the role of embedded social science and empirical studies to uncover social, ethical, and regulatory issues around human infection challenge studies. Study volunteers shared their experiences and motivations for participating in studies. This report summarises completed and ongoing human challenge studies across a variety of pathogens and demographics, and addresses other key issues discussed at the meeting.
Extracellular Vesicles From Mycoplasma gallisepticum: Modulators of Macrophage Activation and Virulence
Authors: Wang Yingjie , Li Shiying , Wang Tengfei , Zou Mengyun , Peng Xiuli 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) mediate intercellular communication by transporting proteins. To investigate the pathogenesis of Mycoplasma gallisepticum, a major threat to the poultry industry, we isolated and characterized M. gallisepticum–produced EVs. Our study highlights the significant impact of M. gallisepticum–derived EVs on immune function and macrophage apoptosis, setting them apart from other M. gallisepticum metabolites. These EVs dose-dependently enhance M. gallisepticum adhesion and proliferation, simultaneously modulating Toll-like receptor 2 and interferon γ pathways and thereby inhibiting macrophage activation. A comprehensive protein analysis revealed 117 proteins in M. gallisepticum–derived EVs, including established virulence factors, such as GapA, CrmA, VlhA, and CrmB. Crucially, these EV-associated proteins significantly contribute to M. gallisepticum infection. Our findings advance our comprehension of M. gallisepticum pathogenesis, offering insights for preventive strategies and emphasizing the pivotal role of M. gallisepticum–derived EVs and their associated proteins. This research sheds light on the composition and crucial role of M. gallisepticum–derived EVs in M. gallisepticum pathogenesis, aiding our fight against M. gallisepticum infections.
Prevalence of non-communicable disease among displaced Rohingya in southern Bangladesh: a
first look at a persecuted ethnic minority from Myanmar
Authors: Tsichlis Jason T , Trisha Ipsita Hamid , Aghagoli Ghazal , Flora Meerjady Sabrina , Abid M Ruhul 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background
In Cox's Bazar, Bangladesh, 860 356 Rohingya living in refugee camps have experienced decades of persecution. Little is known about disease burden in this population.

Methods
A retrospective review of deidentified electronic health records (EHR) of 51 270 Rohingya attending two primary health clinics in Kutupalong and Balukahli from October 2017 to October 2019 was performed. A novel EHR system named NIROG was used for patients' medical records'.

Results
Females comprised 53.8% of patients. The median age of females was 25 y and for males it was 19 y. Prevalence of adult hypertension and diabetes was 14.1% and 11.0%, respectively. Also, 16.6% of children aged &lt;5 y had moderate or severe acute malnutrition, while 36.6% were at risk of malnutrition. Body mass index (BMI) analysis showed that 34.4% of adults were underweight. Females were more likely to be hypertensive, diabetic, overweight/obese and malnourished. BMI had a statistically significant positive correlation with fasting blood glucose levels and systolic blood pressure.

Conclusions
The use of a portable EHR system was highly effective at providing longitudinal care in a humanitarian setting. Significant proportions of the adult population appear to have hypertension or diabetes, pointing to a critical need for management of chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs). The findings of the current study will help stakeholders to plan effective prevention and management of NCDs among displaced Rohingya and other displaced populations.
Single-use negative pressure wound therapy to prevent surgical site complications in high-risk patients undergoing caesarean sections: a real-world study
Authors: Imcha Mendinaro , Liew Nyan Chin , McNally Arthur , Zibar Davor , O’Riordan Mairead , Currie Aoife , Styche Tim , Hughes Jacqui , Whittall Catherine 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Surgical site complications (SSCs), including surgical site infection (SSI), are common following C-sections. Management of the post-operative incision with single-use negative pressure wound therapy (sNPWT) has been shown to reduce the risk of SSC in high-risk individuals. This study explored the outcomes of routine, real-world use of sNPWT in high-risk patients undergoing C-sections.
An observational, retrospective in-service evaluation was conducted across eight obstetric centres in the Republic and Northern Ireland. Patients undergoing C-sections were stratified for their risk of developing SSC using commonly known risk factors, including BMI ≥30, smoking, diabetes, and whether the patients had undergone previous C-sections or had a previous history of wound dehiscence. Those at high-risk were treated with sNPWT post-operatively. Data relating to any SSC that developed post-operatively, for up to 30 days, were captured. Data were compared with original research previously published by Wloch et al. (2012).
Of 1111 women considered high-risk, 106 (9.5%) went on to develop SSCs, predominantly superficial SSIs. SSCs were associated with extra visits with their general practitioner (GP), outpatient visits, or inpatient hospital stays in 5.7%, 2.4%, and 1.7% of the entire cohort, representing 59.4%, 25.5%, and 17.9% of the 106 patients with SSC. Patients needed on average 1.8 extra GP visits and 0.7 extra outpatient visits. Patients who needed to be readmitted to hospital had an average length of stay of 4 days. In comparison with a previously published cohort, in which sNPWT was not used, we observed a significant reduction in the incidence of SSCs across BMI groups 18.5–24.9 (P = 0.02), 25–29.9 (P = 0.003), and ≥35 kg/m2 (P = 0.04). In those patients who had undergone at least one previous C-section, the rates of complications also reduced (P = 0.006).
This analysis provides further justification for using sNPWT to manage surgical incisions in patients considered at high risk of developing post-procedural SSCs, particularly those with a BMI ≥30 or a history of more than one C-section.
Health Equity Ratings of U.S. Burn Centers—Does For-Profit Status Matter?
Authors: Rizk Nada , Rochlin Danielle , Sheckter Clifford C 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Achieving health equity is forefront in national discussions on healthcare structuring. Burn injuries transcend racial and socioeconomic boundaries. Burn center funding ranges from safety-net to for-profit without an understanding of how funding mechanisms translate into equity outcomes. We hypothesized that health equity would be highest at safety-net facilities and lowest at for-profit centers. All verified and non-verified American Burn Association burn centers were collated in 2022. Safety-net status, for-profit status, and health equity rating were extracted from national datasets. Equity ratings were compared across national burn centers and significance was determined with comparative statistics and ordinal logistic regression. On an equity grade of A–D (A is the best), 27.6% of centers were rated A, 27.6% rated B, 41.5% rated C, and 3.3% rated D. About 17.1% of all burn centers were designated as for-profit compared to 21.1% of centers that were safety-net. About 73.1% of safety-net centers scored an A rating, and 14.3% of for-profit centers scored an A rating. Safety-net centers were 21.8 times more likely (P &lt; .001) to have the highest equity score compared to nonsafety-net centers. There was an 80% decrease in the odds of having a rating of A for for-profit centers compared to nonprofit centers (P = .04). Safety-net centers had the highest equity ratings while for-profit burn centers scored the lowest. For-profit funding mechanisms may lead to the delivery of less equitable burn care. Burn centers should focus on health equity in the triage and management of their patients.
Characterizing Delirium and Associated Risk Factors Using the Cornell Assessment of Pediatric Delirium Score in Pediatric Burn Patients
Authors: Bergus Katherine C , Patterson Kelli , Castellanos Sydney , Bourgeois Tran , MacDonald Jennifer , Mallampalli Grace , Fabia Renata , Thakkar Rajan , Schwartz Dana 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Delirium is a syndrome of acute brain dysfunction with disturbance in consciousness and cognition that is increasingly recognized in critically ill pediatric patients. The Cornell Assessment of Pediatric Delirium (CAPD) tool is used to detect delirium in children of all ages and developmental stages in various hospital settings. To date, the incidence of delirium in the pediatric burn population has been poorly defined. In order to describe the incidence as well as risk factors for delirium in this patient population, we retrospectively reviewed patients &lt;18 years of age admitted to our American Burn Association-verified pediatric burn center from March 2018 to May 2021 who underwent delirium screening using the CAPD tool. Patient demographics, burn characteristics, hospitalization details, and date of first positive delirium screening were collected, and χ2, Fisher’s exact test, univariate, and multivariate analyses were performed. Delirium was identified in 42 (10.8%) of 389 patients meeting inclusion criteria. Patients screening positive for delirium were older (4 years [IQR: 2, 11] vs 2 years [IQR: 1, 6], P &lt; .0005) and had larger TBSA burns (21.63% [IQR: 9, 42] vs 3.5% [IQR: 1.75, 6], P &lt; .0001) than delirium-negative patients. Delirium-positive patients required a longer duration of mechanical ventilation (OR 4.23; 95% CI [1.16-15.39], P = .0289) and had higher TBSA burns (OR 1.12; 95% CI [1.06-1.17], P &lt; .0001). Delirium-positive patients had 1.6 day longer length-of-stay adjusted for TBSA burned (95% CI [0.81–2.41], P &lt; .0001). Compared to delirium-negative patients, delirium-positive patients had a 5.4-day longer PICU admission (95% CI [2.93–10.3]; P &lt; .0001). Screening pediatric burn patients with risk factors known to be associated with delirium by using the CAPD score could improve delirium prevention and allow for early intervention.
Neutrophils sing “IL[-10] be seeing you” in the lungs during pneumonia
Authors: McPeek Matthew K , Gomez John C , Doerschuk Claire M 
Published: November 2023

First sentence for Table of ContentsMechanisms of regulating the beneficial and harmful capabilities of neutrophils include IL-10/IL-10RA signaling in neutrophils that limits clearance of Streptococcus pneumoniae and accumulation of neutrophils in pneumonic lung tissue.
Industrial Policies, Competition, and Efficiency: The Need for State Aid Control
Authors: Piechucka Joanna , Saurí-Romero Lluís , Smulders Ben 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This paper contributes to the current debate on industrial policies, by discussing the potential scope and design principles of efficiency-enhancing industrial policies and providing a framework of assessment based on the European experience with State aid control. It argues four main points. First, there is scope for efficiency-enhancing industrial policies that address well-defined market failures. Second, the design of any industrial policy must achieve its objective in the most efficient way possible, in particular avoiding unnecessary distortions to competition. Third, European Union (EU) State aid control rules, as part of competition policy, reflect the economic principles of efficiency-enhancing industrial policies and provide a blueprint that could be applied more broadly to improve the design of industrial policies. Fourth, the pressure from industrial policies of non-EU governments comes with risks of global subsidy races that would produce a suboptimal outcome for all. Some limiting principles must therefore be found. We then illustrate how State aid control can contribute to a more efficient design of climate and industrial policies, contributing to a more efficient green transition, preserving competitive markets, and fostering industrial competitiveness.
The Psychosocial Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Families of Youth of Color: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Romagnoli Brenda Rojas , Phan Thao-Ly T , Lewis Amanda M , Alderfer Melissa A , Kazak Anne E , Arasteh Kamyar , Enlow Paul T 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Objective
Prospectively examine racial and ethnic disparities in exposure to COVID-19-related stressors and their impact on families.

Methods
A racially, ethnically, and socioeconomically diverse cohort of caregivers of youth (n = 1,581) representative of the population served by a pediatric healthcare system completed the COVID-19 Exposure and Family Impact Scales in Oct/Nov 2020 and March/April 2021. Linear mixed-effects models were used to examine exposure to COVID-19-related events (Exposure), impact of the pandemic on family functioning and well-being (Impact), and child and parent distress (Distress) across time and as a function of race and ethnicity, adjusting for other sociodemographic variables.

Results
Exposure and Distress increased over time for all participants. After adjusting for sociodemographic factors, caregivers of Black and Hispanic youth reported greater Exposure than caregivers of White youth and caregivers of Black youth had a greater increase in Exposure over time than caregivers of White youth. Caregivers of White youth reported greater Impact than caregivers of Black and Other race youth.

Conclusions
Exposure to and impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on family psychosocial functioning varied by race and ethnicity. Although exposure to COVID-19-related events was greater among Hispanic and non-Hispanic Black families, those of marginalized races reported less family impact than non-Hispanic White families, suggesting resiliency to the pandemic. Research should examine such responses to public health crises in communities of color, with a focus on understanding protective factors. These findings suggest the importance of culturally tailored interventions and policies that support universal psychosocial screenings during times of public health crises.
Bulk Osteochondral Allograft for a Firearm Injury to the Medial Femoral Condyle in a Military Service Member: A Case Report
Authors: Colon-Morillo Reinaldo E , Puentes Hannah D , Sheppard Sean G , Kuhn Kevin M , Hurvitz Andrew P , McDonald Lucas S , Smith Jennifer L , Bailey James R 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT
A 27-year-old U.S. military active duty male sustained an accidental, self-inflicted left knee gunshot injury with an unsalvageable medial femoral condyle injury. The patient underwent bulk osteochondral allograft transplantation. Nine months post-operation, the patient was fit for full military duties with no reported functional limitations and remained on active duty. Severe knee medial femoral condyle bone loss after accidental firearm injury is uncommon. Bulk knee osteochondral allograft transplantation to the medial femoral condyle provided a successful treatment option for an active duty U.S. military member with multicompartment osteochondral defects and severe medial femoral condyle bone loss due to a gunshot injury.