bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distribution of dinoflagellate cysts in the Canadian Arctic marine region
Authors: Mudie Peta J. , Rochon André 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe Canadian Arctic is a major gateway for transport of freshwater from the Arctic Ocean to the North Atlantic. This region comprises the Beaufort Sea, the Canadian Arctic Archipelago (CAA) and northern sections of Baffin and Hudson bays. Subregional differences include major freshwater runoff to the Beaufort Sea and Hudson Bay, presence of Pacific and Atlantic Intermediate water in the west, and Atlantic Water in Baffin and Hudson bays. Principal component analysis of 50 core‐top samples shows four subregional dinoflagellate cyst assemblages. Outer Beaufort Shelf Assemblage I is co‐dominated by Operculodinium centrocarpum s.l. and Brigantedinium spp., with minor cysts of Pentapharsodinium dalei, Algidasphaeridium? minutum s.l. and cysts of Polykrikos spp. Assemblage II in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago is co‐dominated by Brigantedinium spp., A.? minutum s.l. and cysts of Polykrikos spp., including two Arctic morphotypes. Assemblage III in the North Water polynya exclusively comprises A.? minutum s.l. and Brigantedinium spp. Assemblage IV in Baffin Bay is dominated by O. centrocarpum s.l. and Spiniferites spp., with Brigantedinium spp. on the shelves. The ratio of gonyaulacoid to protoperidinioid cysts (G : P) generally decreases with increased sea‐ice cover, but it may also decrease in river plumes and in polynyas. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Raman spectroscopic characterization of Bombyx mori silk fibroin: Raman spectrum of Silk I
Authors: Monti P. , Taddei P. , Freddi G. , Asakura T. , Tsukada M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis study focuses on the conformational characterization of differently processed Bombyx mori silk fibroin samples by Raman spectroscopy. The Raman spectra of silk fibroin film and liquid silk are discussed in comparison with those of the crystalline fractions of Bombyx mori silk fibroin (Cp, chymotryptic precipitate) with Silk I (Silk I‐Cp) and Silk II (Silk II‐Cp) structures. The complete 1800–200 cm−1 Raman spectrum of Silk I‐Cp is reported for the first time. The amide I and amide III modes were found to be scarcely suitable for the spectroscopic characterization of silk fibroin in the Silk I form in the presence of a random coil conformation. Raman marker bands for the Silk I form were identified in other spectral ranges at about 1415, 950, 930, 865, 260 and 230 cm−1. On the basis of the above findings, the comparison of the Raman spectra of film, liquid silk and Silk I‐Cp in the range 1000–800 cm−1 clearly indicates that in addition to random coil, both film and liquid silk contain local domains of Silk I structure; their amount is higher in liquid silk, as indicated by the relative intensity of the bands at about 950, 930 and 865 cm−1 and by the I1415/I1455 intensity ratio.The assignments of the bands at about 1275 and 1107 cm−1 are also discussed. These bands were previously assigned to the presence of α‐helical conformation in Bombyx mori silk but, from the results reported, they should rather be attributed to the Silk I form. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Time‐resolved polarization‐sensitive measurements of the electric field in a sliding discharge by means of dc field‐induced coherent Raman scattering
Authors: Tskhai S. N. , Akimov D. A. , Mitko S. V. , Ochkin V. N. , Serdyuchenko A. Yu. , Sidorov‐Biryukov D. A. , Sinyaev D. V. , Zheltikov A. M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe investigated the properties of the IR signal generated through coherent Raman scattering involving the Q(1) transition (v = 0, J = 1→v = 1, J = 1) of a hydrogen molecule in the presence of the quasi‐static electric field of the sliding discharge propagating along a ferrite surface in a hydrogen atmosphere. The results of time‐resolved polarization‐sensitive measurements performed on this signal were employed to determine the parameters of the electric field in the sliding discharge. These measurements showed, in particular, that the propagation of the discharge leader along the ferrite surface is accompanied by the rotation of the vector of the quasi‐static electric field. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An evolutionary concept of multilevel strategic change: the Shell case
Authors: Sachs Sybille , Ruehli Edwin 
Published: August 2002

Abstract
This paper contends that modern evolutionary concepts developed in different scientific fields can improve the understanding of a firm's strategic change in the new competitive realities.
The arguments and reflections are distilled into four propositions characterizing multilevel strategic change under the conditions of complexity and dynamics.
Theoretical points are illustrated with examples and statements by reference to Shell and show how the management of this firm influenced the strategic evolution.
Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Company analysis: determining strategic capability
Authors: Hussey David 
Published: August 2002

Abstract
Assessing corporate strengths and weaknesses was seen as a critical step in much of the early literature on strategy, such as Ansoff (1965). In his thinking it was bound up with capability profiles, the search for synergy and the internal and external appraisals.
As the knowledge of strategic management has expanded and the methods and techniques available have increased, there has been a tendency to ignore the importance of analysing the organization.
Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Correlation between antiradical activity and stability of betanine from Beta vulgaris L roots under different pH, temperature and light conditions
Authors: Pedreño M A , Escribano J 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWhen the antiradical activity and stability of betanine were studied at pH values of 3.5 and 8.5 and temperatures of 25, 50 and 75 °C, the results showed that the antiradical activity was greater at acidic pH and lower at higher temperatures. At basic pH the activity of betanine correlated well with its stability at the three temperatures assayed, suggesting that the degradation products, betalamic acid (BA) and cyclo DOPA 5‐O‐β‐D‐glucoside (CDG), did not contribute to this activity under the experimental conditions used. However, at acidic pH the degradation product, CDG, did seem to contribute to the antiradical activity. Furthermore, at pH 3.5, betanine stability was so great that light conditions had no effect on the antiradical activity. At basic pH, too, light had no effect on betanine activity owing to the high instability of the pigment.© 2001 Society of Chemical Industry
Changes in colour and phenolic composition during the early stages of maturation of port in wood, stainless steel and glass
Authors: Ho Peter , Silva Maria da Conceição M , Hogg Timothy A 
Published: August 2002

AbstractDifferences in colour and phenolic composition during the maturation of port in oak wood, stainless steel and glass were examined for a period of 311 days at 18 °C. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used in variable selection, data reduction and data analysis. Nine out of 13 colour and phenolic variables were heavily loaded on PC1 (76.1% of explained variance), and a plot of PC1 scores versus maturation time showed differences in colour and anthocyanins between ports matured in different containers. Ports matured in oak casks developed at a faster rate than the other ports. Total phenolics remained fairly constant in all ports, as monomeric anthocyanins were rapidly depleted during the time of maturation. Polymeric pigments formed during maturation contributed to increases in colour density, hue and the rate of browning. Differences in redox potential between wood matured ports and non‐wood matured ports indicated that there were differences in dissolved oxygen which could have affected the maturation rate of these wines.© 2001 Society of Chemical Industry
Clinical significance of E‐cadherin expression in thyroid neoplasms
Authors: Naito Akihiro , Iwase Hirotaka , Kuzushima Tatsuya , Nakamura Takaaki , Kobayashi Shunzo 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveE‐cadherin, a calcium‐dependent transmembrane glycoprotein, is an adhesion molecule. We studied clinical significance of E‐cadherin expression in thyroid neoplasms.MethodsWe immunohistochemically studied E‐cadherin expression in 60 normal tissue specimens of thyroid tissues and in 82 follicular adenomas, 53 papillary carcinomas, 4 follicular carcinomas, 2 medullary carcinomas, and 5 anaplastic carcinomas of the thyroid.ResultsIn papillary carcinoma, E‐cadherin expression was preserved significantly less often than in follicular adenoma or normal thyroid tissue (P < 0.01). Preserved E‐cadherin expression was seen less often among papillary carcinomas with lymph node metastasis than in those without metastasis (P < 0.05).ConclusionsThis loss of E‐cadherin expression may be involved in regional lymph node metastasis and in malignant potential of thyroid neoplasms. J. Surg. Oncol. 2001;76:176–180. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Trace element levels in the experimental peritonitis
Authors: Konukoğlu Dildar , Ercan Meltem , Ziylan Erkal 
Published: August 2002

AbstractElectron transfer from iron or copper ions to oxygen is an important example of cellular free radical initiation. Oxygen‐derived free radicals have been implicated as mediators of cellular injury in several model systems. To evaluate the importance of iron, copper, and zinc levels on lipid peroxidation in peritonitis, we measured peritoneum malondialdehyde (MDA) as a marker of lipid peroxidation, zinc, copper, and iron levels during an animal model of intraperitoneal sepsis. Additionally, the effects of free radical scavenger alpha‐tocopherol administration were studied. The peritoneum MDA, iron, copper, and zinc levels were increased after induction of peritonitis with Escherichia coli. The treatment with alpha‐tocopherol decreased peritoneum MDA, iron, and copper levels significantly but not the zinc levels. Additionally, the treatment with alpha‐tocopherol 3 days prior to injection of E. coli decreased MDA, copper, and iron levels more than treatment with alpha‐tocopherol at the time of injection of E. coli. Our results indicate that copper, iron, and zinc have important effects on peroxidation events in E. coli‐induced peritonitis and that alpha‐tocopherol treatment can improve the oxidant status. J. Trace Elem. Exp. Med. 15:79–84, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of melatonin treatment on serum and tissue zinc levels in rats
Authors: Öztürk Güler , Coşkun Şule , Erbaş Deniz , Altunkaynak Bülent 
Published: August 2002

AbstractMelatonin (MEL) is the main neuro‐hormone of the pineal gland. The main physiological function of MEL is to modulate variations of the light‐dark cycle and seasonal periodicity on various physiological functions. Zinc (Zn) is required as a catalytic component for more than 200 enzymes and is a structural constituent of many proteins, hormones, neuropeptides, and receptors. In addition, tissue Zn levels have been found to be altered after pinealectomy in rats. Recent findings have shown that MEL can modulate Zn turnover. In the present study, we investigated the effect of MEL treatment on the tissue and serum Zn levels. Male Spraque–Dawley rats (n = 24) were used. Rats received seven daily subcutaneous injections of MEL (10 mg/kg). After 7 days, rats were decapitated at 10:00 a.m. and 02:00 a.m., which were the periods of lowest and highest serum MEL levels, respectively. Blood and tissue samples were collected, and Zn levels were measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. In conclusion, MEL increased Zn levels in the salivary glands and small intestine. Daytime liver Zn levels and nighttime serum Zn levels increased in MEL‐treated group. There was no significant difference in brain after MEL treatment. Nighttime serum MEL levels were higher than daytime in both control and MEL‐treated group. In addition, MEL levels in MEL‐treated groups were significantly higher than those of control groups. It is clear that there is a tight relationship between Zn and MEL. J. Trace Elem. Exp. Med. 15:1–8, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Spectroscopy of hydrothermal reactions, 19: pH and salt dependence of decarboxylation of α‐alanine at 280–330°C in an FT‐IR spectroscopy flow reactor
Authors: Li Jun , Wang Xiaogong , Klein Michael T. , Brill Thomas B. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe spontaneous decarboxylation of 0.5 m aqueous α‐alanine solutions as a function of pH (1–9 at 320°C, where neutrality is approximately 6) was determined with a flow reactor at 280–330°C and 275 bar by FT‐IR spectroscopy. The kinetics for the cationic and anionic forms have not been previously reported. The rate constants for the cationic form [CH3(NH3+)CHCO2H], the anionic form [CH3(NH2)CHCO2−], and the zwitterion form [CH3(NH3+)CHCO2−] were obtained and followed the first‐order rate law. The rate of decarboxylation of the zwitterion is three times greater than that of the cationic and anionic forms in the temperature and pH ranges of study. The corresponding Arrhenius parameters were determined and compared with previously reported data. The addition of KCl (1 and 2 m) at the natural pH of α‐alanine resulted in a reduction of the decarboxylation rate, suggesting that the transition state is less polar than the zwitterion and/or that the activity of the zwitterion has been reduced. The α‐alanine solution is therefore somewhat more robust in solutions of high ionic strength, such as seawater, than it is in pure water. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 34: 271–277, 2002
Knowledge management and decision support for electrical power utilities
Authors: West G. M. , Strachan S. M. , Moyes A. , McDonald J. R. , Gwyn B. , Farrell J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis paper describes a case study for a knowledge management project carried out in conjunction with two major UK electrical utilities. The focus of the work is on the design of protection schemes for electrical power transmission systems. A brief overview is provided of the traditional protection system design processes implemented within both companies and the associated shortcomings relating to the management of the data, information and knowledge throughout this process. The development of the Design Engineering Knowledge Application System (DEKAS), designed to address the knowledge management issues within both companies, is described, and the perceived benefits this system offers the existing protection design and application process of each company will be discussed. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Transscleral optical coherence tomography—An experimental study in ex‐vivo human eyes*†
Authors: Hoerauf Hans , Winkler Jörg , Scholz Christian , Wirbelauer Christopher , Gordes Roswitha S. , Koch Peter , Engelhardt Ralf , Laqua Horst , Birngruber Reginald 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveTo evaluate the potentials of a 1310‐nm optical coherence tomography (OCT) system to penetrate the highly backscattering sclera in enucleated human eyes and provide visualization of intraocular structures by transscleral imaging.Study Design/Materials and MethodsOCT‐images were generated by an experimental prototype (Medical Laser Center, Lübeck, Germany) using a superluminescence diode with a wavelength of 1310 nm. OCT‐images were taken from two enucleated human eyes using 100–200 axial scans with 60 Hz line scan frequency and compared to subsequent histologic sections.ResultsTransscleral OCT allowed penetration of the sclera and the anterior chamber angle could be completely identified. Some change within the anterior eye segment could be demonstrated with high accuracy. Additionally, limited demonstration of the ciliary body region was achieved. Due to limited signal intensity no detailed imaging of the pars plana and pars plicata region was possible. However, more posterior measurements allowed transscleral visualization of a retinal detachment.ConclusionsOCT using lightsources with a wavelength longer than that used in conventional OCT provides a promising imaging technique at high resolution allowing transscleral imaging of the anterior eye segment. Lasers Surg. Med. 30:209‐215, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Enhanced adenoviral‐vector mediated gene transfer using human albumin solder
Authors: Rivera Arnold DC , Walker Charles N. , Bleustein Clifford , Choi Benjamin , Poppas Dix P. , Felsen Diane 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveLaser tissue welding with human albumin solder (HAS) has been used as an alternative method of wound closure. Adenoviral vectors have been used to introduce various cytokine genes into wounds to accelerate wound closure. In the present study, we were interested in the effect of HAS on adenoviral vector transfer of the β‐galactosidase (β‐gal) gene in vitro and in vivo.Study Design/Materials and Methods3T3 fibroblasts were used to study the effect of HAS on β‐gal gene transfer in vitro. The presence of β‐gal was determined by Western blot, and its activity by a colorimetric assay. A punch biopsy model of wound healing in pigs was used for in vivo experiments.ResultsHAS increased the efficiency of adenoviral‐mediated β‐gal transduction and stabilized the adenovirus at room temperature. HAS protected adenovirus from inactivation by laser, both in vitro and in vivo.ConclusionsHAS may stabilize adenoviral vectors to deliver cytokine genes in future wound healing experiments. Lasers Surg. Med. 30:313–319, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Adhesion of Er:YAG laser‐irradiated dentin and composite resins: Application of various treatments on irradiated surface
Authors: Eguro Toru , Maeda Toru , Otsuki Masahito , Nishimura Yaeko , Katsuumi Ichiroh , Tanaka Hisayoshi 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThe investigation of adhesion between an Er:YAG laser‐irradiated surface and composite resin is very important to ensure the best clinical results. The purpose of this investigation is to determine if the application of various treatments on Er:YAG laser‐irradiated dentin surface affects the tensile bond strength between dentin and composite resins.Study Design/Materials and MethodsIn this investigation, the application of phosphoric acid, ultrasonic scaler, air‐scaler, and air‐powder polisher were tested as techniques to increase the bond strength of composite resins to Er:YAG laser‐irradiated dentin surface.ResultsThe tensile bond strength of the air‐powder polished group was highest, at 18.45 ± 3.72 MPa, and the lowest value was that of the only laser‐irradiated group, at 12.56 ± 4.38 MPa.ConclusionsThe bond strengths in treated with air‐powder polished group and phosphric acid etched group were significantly higher than that of the group in laser irradiation alone. Lasers Surg. Med. 30:267–272, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Treatment of canine hemangiopericytomas with photodynamic therapy
Authors: McCaw Dudley L. , Payne John T. , Pope Eric R. , West Matthew K. , Tompson Robert V. , Tate Deborah 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveCanine hemangiopericytomas are a commonly occurring neoplasm with a clinical course of recurrence after surgical removal. This study sought to evaluate Photochlor (HPPH) photodynamic therapy (HPPH‐PDT) as an adjuvant therapy to prevent recurrence of tumor after surgical removal.Study Design/Materials and MethodsSixteen dogs with naturally occurring hemangiopericytomas were treated with surgical removal of the tumor followed by PDT using Photochlor as the photosensitizer. Photochlor was injected intravenously at a dose of 0.3 mg/kg. Forty‐eight hours later the treatment consisted of surgical removal of the tumor followed by HPPH‐PDT.ResultsNine dogs (56%) had recurrence of tumor from 2 to 29 (median 9) months after treatment. These results are comparable or not as good as other forms of therapy.ConclusionsPhotochlor photodynamic therapy applied after surgery appears to have no advantage over other forms of therapy in regards to preventing recurrence. Delayed wound healing and infections are problematic and make HPPH‐PDT an undesirable addition to surgery for the treatment of this tumor type. Lasers Surg. Med. 29:23–26, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparison of argon‐laser welded and sutured repair of inferior vena cava in a canine model
Authors: Hasegawa Masahiko , Sakurai Tsunehisa , Matsushita Masahiro , Nishikimi Naomichi , Nimura Yuji , Kobayashi Miya 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveAdvantages of laser‐welded microarterial anastomoses have been reported. However, whether laser repair of large veins is advantageous is not yet known. Argon‐laser welding of inferior vena cava was therefore compared with conventional‐sutured repair.Study Design/Materials and MethodsTwenty‐four adult mongrel dogs were used. Twelve inferior vena cavas were repaired using an argon laser and the rest using continuous sutures. Specimens were removed at 2, 8, 16, and 24 weeks after repair. Technical characteristics, cavographical findings, and results of histopathological study using light and transmission electron microscopy were compared.ResultsProcedure time did not significantly differ between the two groups. The sutured repair sites were narrower than those repaired by laser immediately after and at 2 and 24 weeks. Histologically, laser welding resulted from denaturation of collagen and mild healing occurred simultaneously with the disappearance of denatured collagen. By contrast, there was strong fibrotic reaction at sutured repair sites.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that argon‐laser repair of large veins is superior to continuous suturing. Lasers Surg. Med. 29:62–69, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Case report: Holmium laser resection and lasertripsy for intravesical ureterocele with calculus
Authors: Aron Monish , Costello Anthony J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe holmium laser has established an important role in urology, particularly in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and urolithiasis. Its light (wavelength 2140 nm) has a high coefficient of absorption in water, such that 95% of the laser energy is absorbed in 0.5 mm of water. Thus, the majority of the laser energy is contained superficially, imparting the holmium laser with excellent cutting and tissue ablation properties. It provides sharp incision with simultaneous hemostasis. Perhaps the most significant benefit of the holmium laser is its versatility when delivered through rigid or flexible endoscopes using quartz fibers of various sizes. We present the use of this laser in the ablation of an intravesical ureterocele with calculus. Lasers Surg. Med. 29:82–84, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.