bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparation of Carbazoles Involving 6π‐Electrocyclization, Photoredox‐, Electrochemical‐, and Thermal Cyclization Reactions: Mechanistic Insights
Authors: Romero Ivan E. , Postigo Al , Bonesi Sergio M. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractCarbazole is a heterocyclic motif that can be found in a diverse array of natural and unnatural products displaying a wide range of biological and physiological properties. Furthermore, this heterocycle is part of electronic materials like photoconducting polymers and organic optoelectronic materials owing to its excellent photophysical characteristics. Consequently, the development of synthetic strategies for carbazole scaffolds holds potential significance in biological and material fields. In this regard, a variety of preparation methods has been developed to exploit their efficient and distinct formation of new C−C and C‐heteroatom bonds under mild conditions and enabling broad substrate diversity and functional group tolerance. Therefore, this review focuses on the synthesis of a set of carbazole derivatives describing a variety of methodologies that involve direct irradiation, photosensitization, photoredox, electrochemical and thermal cyclization reactions.
Entropy‐Enthalpy Compensation in Solvent Geometry Regulated Supramolecular Polymerization of Luminescent Napthalimide via a Non‐Cooperative, Isodesmic Mechanism
Authors: Ali Sk. Mursed , Sk Sujauddin , Sepay Nayim , Molla Mijanur Rahaman 
Published: November 2023

AbstractSupramolecular polymers of π‐conjugated systems are an important class of materials with fascinating functions and properties originated from the dynamic behavior and highly ordered molecular organizations. Here, a donor‐π‐acceptor based functionalized luminescent napthalene monoimide (NMI) undergoes J‐type self‐assembly by non‐covalent interactions via a non‐cooperative, isodesmic mechanism to form supramolecular 1D nanowire. The fundamental insights into the thermodynamics regulating the supramolecular polymerization were derived through the fitting of the isodesmic model to variable temperature UV/Vis data in linear (dodecane) and nonliner hydrocarbon (decalin) based solvents. This shows a significant role of entropy‐enthalpy compensation in solvent geometry‐regulated formation and stabilization of supramolecular polymer. Furthermore, we have quantitively estimated the influence of solvent geometry and found that NMI forms stronger self‐assembly and spontaneous gel in linear hydrocarbon based solvent compared to nonliner one and thereby substantially increases the degree of polymerization in linear hydrocarbon solvent (dodecane). This is accredited to the effective influence of the linear hydrocarbon solvent molecules in the polymerization process by favourable van der waals interactions with the peripheral alkyl chains of the NMI monomers in contrast to unfavourable interaction of nonliner hydrocarbon solvent due to geometry mismatch.
General closed‐form equations for amplitude of parallel coupled quadrature oscillator
Authors: Kiani Vosta Pezhman , Miar‐Naimi Hossein , Javadi Mohsen 
Published: November 2023

SummaryIn this paper, for the first time, a new method with closed‐form analytical equations is presented to calculate the oscillation amplitude of fourth‐order oscillators, such as quadrature oscillators. This method is actually based on the general form of the differential equations describing the structure of the fourth‐order oscillators and finding a solution for the nonlinear differential equations governing this type of oscillator. The introduced method is a general method that is valid for all fourth‐order oscillators and is also independent of the oscillation frequency. Using the proposed method, complex and time‐consuming simulation tools will no longer be needed to calculate the oscillation amplitude in a steady state. Moreover, the presented closed‐form equations help the designers to understand the design compromises and design the oscillator for their specific and desired conditions. In addition, to evaluate the correctness of the presented equations, a comprehensive analysis of the oscillation amplitude of the quadrature oscillator in the steady state is performed, and a closed‐form equation is presented for the oscillation amplitude of the oscillator in the steady state, which is proposed for the first time in this paper. A comparison between the simulation results and theoretical computations confirms the validity of the proposed method.
Reliability of remote National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center Uniform Data Set data
Authors: Smith Viktorija , Younes Kyan , Poston Kathleen L. , Mormino Elizabeth C. , Young Christina B. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractINTRODUCTIONThe National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center (NACC) Uniform Data Set (UDS) neuropsychological battery is being used to track cognition in participants across the country, but it is unknown if scores obtained through remote administration can be combined with data obtained in person.METHODSThe remote UDS battery includes the blind version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Number Span, Semantic and Phonemic Fluency, and Craft Story. For these tests, we assessed intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) between in‐person and remote scores in 3838 participants with both in‐person and remote UDS assessments, and we compared annual score changes between modalities in a subset that had two remote assessments.RESULTSAll tests exhibited moderate to good reliability between modalities (ICCs = 0.590–0.787). Annual score changes were also comparable between modalities except for Craft Story Immediate Recall, Semantic Fluency, and Phonemic Fluency.DISCUSSIONOur findings generally support combining remote and in‐person scores for the majority of UDS tests.
EWT‐SMOTE to improve default prediction performance in imbalanced data: Analysis of Chinese data
Authors: Zhou Ying , Lin Xia , Chi Guotai , Jin Peng , Li Mengtong 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis study aims to solve the imbalanced sample problem in default prediction. We calculate the classification contribution score of each default customer by the entropy weight technique (EWT) for order of preference by similarity to the ideal solution and construct a default prediction model according to several models. Our proposed EWT‐synthetic minority oversampling technique (SMOTE) method significantly improves the prediction accuracy of several typical default prediction models and reduces type II error. We find that the indicators “net cash flow from operating activities,” “Engel coefficient,” “basic earnings per share,” and “total social retail sales” significantly influence default prediction of Chinese listed companies.
Evaluation and comparison of antibacterial efficacy of different concentrations of Chhattisgarh herbal product—Terminalia chebula fruit extract in opposition to Enterococcus faecalis: An in vitro study
Authors: Doye Shivani Deepak , Malur Manjunath , Sahu Yogesh , Singh Ankita , Mishra Praveen , Mohamed Roshan Noor , Karobari Mohmed Isaqali 
Published: November 2023

AbstractDue to the low cost, natural origin, higher safety margins, and little to negligible adverse effects of herbal medications, the use of plants and plant derivatives in medicine is becoming increasingly widespread. Terminalia chebula is among the most significant medicinal plants in ayurvedic, siddha, unani, and homeopathic remedies. It is ranked first in Ayurvedic material medicine. T. chebula has been shown to have established effects against various bacterial and fungal infections, including dental caries pathogens. In recent years, there has been a rise in interest in dentistry and medicine related to Enterococcus faecalis. The research aimed to assess the antibacterial effectiveness of different concentrations of T. chebula ethanolic fruit extract (10%, 40%, and 100%) in opposition to E. faecalis and compare it with 2% chlorhexidine. For the study, T. chebula ethanolic fruit extracts were obtained and prepared with Group I: −10% concentration, Group II: −40% concentration, Group III: −100% concentration, and Group IV: −2% chlorhexidine. Colonies of E. faecalis were cultivated in brain heart infusion (BHI) broth at 37°C and were inoculated in 16 BHI agar plates. Then, on the petri dishes, four wells were created (8 mm diameter) using a metal borer. The Agar well diffusion method was used to examine the antibacterial activity, and the zones of inhibition around the wells were noted. The obtained data were statistically analyzed using one‐way ANOVA and post‐hoc tests. The result shows that as the concentration increases, there is an increase in the efficacy of the antibacterial property of the extract before it reaches the saturation point. The decreasing order of antibacterial was chlorhexidine >100% T. chebula >40% T. chebula >10% T. chebula. The production of contemporary pharmaceuticals from T. chebula was addressed, as the global scenario is currently evolving toward using nontoxic plant products with traditional medicinal benefits.
Day 4 and day 0 neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratios as predictors of treatment failure with single‐dose methotrexate for ectopic pregnancies
Authors: Abuduxukuer Rukeyemu , Chen Xiaoyue , Ni Jingyi , Li Shuangdi , Lu Wen 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate changes in the neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR) between day 4 and day 0 in ectopic pregnancy (EP) patients treated with single‐dose methotrexate (MTX) and investigate its predictive value for treatment outcome.MethodsA total of 406 EP patients receiving single‐dose MTX therapy at Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital from January 10, 2013 to September 30, 2019 were studied. A multivariate model was constructed to predict treatment outcome.ResultsAmong the 406 patients, 281 were treated successfully. Treatment success declined significantly when NLR decreased by less than 23% (74.8% vs 58.5%, P = 0.004). Multivariate regression analysis identified NLR reduction of less than 23% on day 4 (odds ratio [OR] 2.09, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.27–3.44), a human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) decrease of 15% or less (OR 3.17, 95% CI 1.62–6.34), and an hCG increase of more than 15% on day 4 (OR 5.47, 95% CI 3.05–10.22) as independent risk factors for single‐dose MTX treatment failure. The final predictive model had a sensitivity of 0.768 and a specificity of 0.569, using a cut‐off value of 3. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.712. Patients with a predictive score of ≥3 were more likely to fail single‐dose MTX therapy.ConclusionThe present study concluded that an NLR decrease of less than 23% on day 4, a plateau or increase in serum hCG on day 4, and an hCG value greater than 1000 mIU/mL on day 0 were predictors of single‐dose MTX treatment failure in EP patients.
The formation of interbank interest rates and treasury bill yields in Japan under different regimes of non‐traditional monetary policy
Authors: Ito Takayasu 
Published: November 2023

AbstractInterbank interest rates and Treasury Bill (TB) yields of maturities of three and six months move together, but not 12 months, under a “quantitative and qualitative easing policy.” On the other hand, interbank interest rates and TB yields of maturities of 3, 6, and 12 months move together under a “negative interest rate policy.” Interbank and TB markets are partially integrated up to the 6‐month maturity as a short‐term money market under a “quantitative and qualitative easing policy,” while interbank and TB markets are integrated up to the 12‐month maturity as a short‐term money market under a “negative interest rate policy.” This indicates that the arbitrage of interbank and TB markets works. Practitioners of the interbank market are limited to financial institutions, but those of TB markets also include non‐financial institutions.
Too dark to see: Does board governance moderate the relationship between carbon emissions and analyst forecast errors?
Authors: Hsiao Daniel , Liao Qunfeng , Su Weichieh 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis study aims to demonstrate that carbon emissions may increase analyst forecast errors because poor environmental performance obscures prospects for business operations. We further examine whether strong board governance moderates such a relationship. Using a sample of S&P 500 firms from the Carbon Disclosure Project (CDP), we employ Heckman's two‐stage model to examine our research questions. We find a positive association between carbon intensity and forecast errors, but strong board governance, captured by board independence, board diligence, and committee size, may mitigate this positive relationship. However, the effect is amplified for firms engaged in controversial governance practices such as CEO duality and long CEO tenure. Our study provides insight for managers by raising concerns due to high levels of carbon emissions and demonstrating that different governance characteristics may alleviate the adverse effect of carbon emissions on forecast errors.
DFT mechanistic study of the chemical fixation of CO2 by aziridine derivatives
Authors: Jendoubi Abir , Arfaoui Youssef , Palaudoux Jérôme , Al‐Mogren Muneerah Mogren , Hochlaf Majdi 
Published: November 2023

AbstractUsing density functional theory (DFT), we treat the reaction of coupling of CO2 with aziridine in gas phase, in the presence of water and of a green catalyst (NaBr). Computations show that, in gas phase, this ring‐opening conversions to oxazolidinones initiates by coordinating a CO2 molecule to the nitrogen atom of the aziridine. Then, a nucleophilic interaction between one oxygen atom of the coordinated CO2 and the carbon atom of the aziridine occurs. For methyl substituted aziridine, two pathways are proposed leading either to 4‐oxazolidinone or to 5‐oxazolidinone. Besides, we show that the activation energy of this reaction reduces in aqueous solution, in the presence of a water molecule explicitly or NaBr catalyst. In addition, the corresponding reaction mechanisms and regioselectivity associated with this ring‐opening conversions to oxazolidinones, in the presence of carbon dioxide are found to be influenced by solvent and catalyst. The present findings should allow better designing regioisomer oxazolidinones relevant for organic chemistry, medicinal and pharmacological applications.
Association between stereoacuity and simulated clinical performance among dental students: an exploratory investigation
Authors: Al‐Amad Suhail Hani , Alhammouri Qasem Mohammad , Jaser Sara , Inshasi Fatmaalzahraa Khalil 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIntroductionDentistry is a profession that requires a high level of the hand–eye coordination. Although considerable attention has been put on dental students’ manual dexterity, little emphasis was made on students’ visual competency as a variable influencing their competency. In this study, we aimed to assess the association between dental students’ stereopsis and their pre‐clinical performance.MethodsDental students (n = 49) were required to perform the porcelain‐fused‐to‐crown preparation for a lower first molar and an upper central incisor plastic teeth mounted on phantom heads. Performance was assessed by two faculty members based on two rubrics, which collectively included 11 assessment criteria. Afterward, students undertook a stereoacuity test using Randot stereotest. Stereopsis values greater than 40 arc/s were considered abnormal.ResultsA significant negative correlation was seen between stereopsis scores and students’ grades for the upper incisor (p < 0.01), but not for the lower molar. An association was also seen between abnormal stereopsis and students’ poor performance in preparing the finish line of the incisor tooth (p = 0.024).ConclusionAbnormal stereopsis can impact dental students’ performance, particularly when preparing teeth indirectly using a dental mirror. Dental educators should give attention to students’ stereoacuity, in a manner similar to that given to students’ manual dexterity.
An update on the use of near‐infrared autofluorescence imaging in endocrine surgical procedures
Authors: Dabaghi Elissa , Berber Eren 
Published: November 2023

AbstractOver the past decade, near‐infrared autofluorescence (NIRAF) imaging has been a major breakthrough in endocrine surgery. Although initial focus was directed at the parathyroid glands, subsequent work has also shown that non‐parathyroid neuroendocrine tumors also possess autofluorescence properties. The aim of this review is to present an update and synopsis about NIRAF applications in various endocrine surgical procedures. Methodology includes a review of the literature supplemented with expert opinion. Overall, our review reveals that the use of NIRAF may provide the surgeon with adjunctive critical information that has the potential to change the conduct of many various endocrine surgical procedures.
Biochar drives changes in soil bacterial communities and cotton growth by improving nutrients availability under saline conditions
Authors: Wang Yuting , Tian Guangli , Qiu Husen , Zhou Xinguo , Zhao Qingqing , Tian Yuyu , Li Dongwei 
Published: November 2023

AbstractApplying biochar to saline soil is a novel strategy for improving soil quality. However, how biochar addition amount affects soil nutrients, bacterial communities, and cotton growth at different stages remains unclear. Three biochar treatments, no biochar (BC0), 1% biochar (BC1, w/w), 3% biochar (BC3), and two cotton varieties, salt‐sensitive (SS) and salt‐tolerant (ST), were used in pot experiments, analyzing biochar effects on saline soil nutrients, bacterial communities, and cotton growth. The study found that biochar increased only organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN), and available potassium (AK) at the seedling stage. However, at the flowering‐boll stage, biochar also increased nitrate () and available phosphorus (AP) and reduced soil salt content. Biochar did not affect α‐diversity at the seedling stage, but BC3 reduced α‐diversity at the flowering‐boll stage. The principal coordinate analysis revealed changes in the soil bacterial community composition that were closely associated with biochar added. From the redundancy analyses, SOC and AK were the leading environmental factors for soil bacterial community composition changes. SOC, TN, and AK correlated positively with Proteobacteria, which increased their relative abundance through biochar addition and correlated negatively with Bacteroidetes, Chloroflexi, and Acidobacteria, which decreased their relative abundance due to biochar. Furthermore, the random forests analysis showed that SOC, Shannon index, and β‐diversity were significant predictors of cotton biomass. In summary, biochar drives changes in bacterial communities in saline soils by increasing nutrients such as SOC and AK, which affect cotton growth. This study provides data to support the application of biochar on saline soils.
Super‐Resolution Two‐Photon Fluorescence Tomography Through the Phase‐Shifted Optical Beatings of Bessel Beams for High‐Resolution Deeper Tissue 3D Imaging
Authors: Lin Shulang , Gong Li , Huang Zhiwei 
Published: November 2023

AbstractA novel z‐scanning‐free epi‐detected super‐resolution two‐photon fluorescence tomography (TPFT) technique enabling super‐resolution deeper tissue 3D imaging is reported. To accomplish this, a unique method is conceived by generating the phase‐shifted optical beatings of Bessel beams (PS‐OB3) with a spatial light modulator (SLM) to break the diffraction limit for enhancing both the lateral and axial resolutions as well as improving the penetration depth in TPFT for super‐resolution deeper tissue imaging. By electronically varying the optical beating frequency and the phase shifts of the beating patterns through SLM, the depth‐resolved TPF signals about the volumetric tissue are encoded in the spatial frequency domain and hence, a series of depth‐resolved TPF images can be retrieved by implementing inverse fast Fourier transform without a need of mechanical depth‐scanning. PS‐OB3 TPFT provides ≈1.3‐ and 2‐fold improvements in lateral and axial resolutions in comparison with conventional point‐scan TPF imaging. It is also illustrated that the epi‐detected PS‐OB3 TPFT imaging with inherent scattering‐resilient properties of the Bessel beams employed gives over 2‐fold improvement in imaging depth in porcine brain tissue compared to conventional point‐scan Gaussian beam TPF imaging. The z‐scanning‐free optical sectioning ability of PS‐OB3 method developed in TPFT is universal, which can be readily extended to practically any other nonlinear optical imaging modalities for super‐resolution deeper 3D imaging in biological and biomedical tissues.
Cue‐reactivity to brand logos of consumers with a compulsive buying tendency: A consumer neuroscience perspective
Authors: Hubert Mirja , Hubert Marco , Mariani Marcello M. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWell‐designed brand logos can be critical in effective marketing strategies. By adopting a consumer neuroscience approach and the interaction of person‐affect‐cognition‐execution model, this study analyzes the behavioral reaction and neural activation pattern during the perception of brand logos in relation to the compulsive buying tendencies of participants. Results suggest that women are more cue‐reactive toward brand logos and show activity changes in brain regions associated with cue‐reactivity in (behavioral) addictions. Conversely, men are less cue‐reactive but show increased activity changes in reward‐related regions. Women with compulsive buying tendencies may be more susceptible to brand logos, which can evoke neural activation similar to addictive patterns, while men are less cue‐reactive but show hidden neural activation associated with rewards. This study enhances understanding of (1) how marketing cues influence pre‐addictive behavior and (2) gender differences in brain activations related to cue‐reactivity in people with compulsive buying tendencies. We inform further research on implicit and neural processes on how brands are perceived by compulsive buyers, particularly among male consumers. We also emphasize the need to protect vulnerable consumer groups, such as compulsive buyers.