bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating the Impact of the BioFire FilmArray in Childhood Meningitis: An Observational Cohort Study
Authors: Kadambari Seilesh , Feng Shuo , Liu Xinxue , Andersson Monique , Waterfield Rebecca , Fodder Harriet , Jacquemot Aimee , Galal Ushma , Rafferty Aisling , Drew Richard J. , Rodrigues Charlene , Sadarangani Manish , Riordan Andrew , Martin Natalie G. , Defres Sylviane , Solomon Tom , Pollard Andrew J. , Paulus Stephane 
Published: January 2024

Background:
Multiplex polymerase chain reaction assays have the potential to reduce antibiotic use and shorten length of inpatient stay in children with suspected central nervous system infection by obtaining an early microbiological diagnosis. The clinical impact of the implementation of the BioFire FilmArray Meningitis/Encephalitis Panel on the management of childhood meningitis was evaluated at the John Radcliffe Hospital in Oxford and Children’s Health Ireland at Temple Street in Dublin.

Methods:
Children who had lumbar punctures performed as part of a septic screen were identified retrospectively through clinical discharge coding and microbiology databases from April 2017 to December 2018. Anonymized clinical and laboratory data were collected. Comparison of antibiotic use, length of stay and outcome at discharge was made with a historical cohort in Oxford (2012–2016), presenting before implementation of the FilmArray.

Results:
The study included 460 children who had a lumbar puncture as part of an evaluation for suspected central nervous system infection. Twelve bacterial cases were identified on the FilmArray that were not detected by conventional bacterial culture. Bacterial culture identified one additional case of bacterial meningitis, caused by Escherichia coli, which had not been identified on the FilmArray. Duration of antibiotics was shorter in children when FilmArray was used than before its implementation; enterovirus meningitis (median: 4 vs. 5 days), human parechovirus meningitis (median: 4 vs. 4.5 days) and culture/FilmArray-negative cerebrospinal fluid (median: 4 vs. 6 days).

Conclusions:
The use of a FilmArray can identify additional bacterial cases of meningitis in children that had been negative by traditional culture methods. Children with viral meningitis and culture-negative meningitis received shorter courses of antibiotics and had shorter hospital stays when FilmArray was used. Large studies to evaluate the clinical impact and cost effectiveness of incorporating the FilmArray into routine testing are warranted.
The effect of a music-based caregiving intervention on pain intensity in nursing home patients with dementia. A cluster-randomized controlled study
Authors: Myrenget Martin Elstad , Rustøen Tone , Myskja Audun , Småstuen Milada , Rangul Vegar , Håpnes Odd , Borchgrevink Petter C. , Butler Stephen , Selbæk Geir , Husebø Bettina , Sandvik Reidun 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Treatment of chronic pain in patients with dementia is challenging because they have reduced ability to report pain and are particularly vulnerable to side effects of analgesics. Different types of music-based therapy have been recommended and are used as an alternative to analgesics, but the evidence is lacking. Therefore, we performed a cluster-randomized controlled study (RCT) to reduce pain intensity using music-based caregiving (MBC) over 8 weeks in nursing home patients with dementia and chronic pain. We also investigated if the amount of MBC and different chronic pain syndromes would impact on the effect. Of the 645 patients, 498 patients from 36 wards in 12 nursing homes were screened for dementia and pain. Using the Clinical Dementia Rating Scale and the Mobilization–Observation–Behavior–Intensity–Dementia Pain Scale (range 0-10), 279 (71% females, 42% severe dementia) nursing home patients were randomized to intervention group (n = 134, 18 wards) or control group (n = 145, 18 wards). The main outcome was change in pain intensity before and after the intervention. The study did not reveal any effect of MBC on pain intensity when compared with the control group (B = −0.15, 95% CI [−0.72 to 0.43]). No significant difference was found within the intervention group analyzing the impact of intervention time (B = 0.73, 95% CI [−0.55 to 2.02]) or chronic primary vs secondary pain syndromes (B = 0.45, 95% CI [−0.05 to 0.96]). Our data from this first RCT on music and pain intensity in patients with dementia and chronic pain did not find an effect of MBC on pain.
Emergency Care for Pediatric and Adult Patients Affected by Complex Vascular Malformations
Authors: Sisk Bryan A. , Bereitschaft Christine , Goldberg Jessica , Kerr Anna M. 
Published: January 2024

Objectives:
To characterize the experiences of patients with vascular malformations (VMs) when seeking care for acute or emergent health needs.

Methods:
Semistructured qualitative interviews and survey study.

Setting:
National recruitment through patient advocacy groups and multidisciplinary vascular anomaly clinics.

Patients/Participants:
Adult patients and parents of children with self-reported VM.

Results:
We interviewed 25 young adult patients and 34 parents. We received survey responses from 138 adult patients and 73 parents who answered all items of interest (analytic cohort = 211). Interview participants described negative experiences with emergency care related to 4 themes: (1) delayed or inadequate care, (2) lack of competent, knowledgeable clinicians, (3) lack of collegial collaboration, and (4) insufficient trust of clinicians in parent’s or patient’s knowledge. Patients and parents reported an average of 1.7 and 2.6 VM-related health problems requiring emergent management in the prior year, respectively. In multivariable logistic regression, having at least one acute or emergent problem in the prior year was associated with household income ≥$100 000 (odds ratio = 0.34, 95% confidence interval, 0.17–0.70), but not gender, race, and ethnicity, age, having a VM specialist, or primary care doctor’s knowledge of VMs.

Conclusions:
Many patients with VMs require emergent or acute care for complications of their VM. Patients with lower household incomes are more likely to experience these emergent events. Negative experiences often focused on nonsupportive clinician behaviors. Future studies should develop tools to empower patient self-advocacy and provide high-yield information to nonspecialist clinicians.
Association between the remnant cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio and the risk of coronary artery disease
Authors: Pan Liting , Jiang Weifang , Liao Liping , Li Weizhen , Wang Fang 
Published: January 2024

Background
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between remnant cholesterol (RC) to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) ratio and the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD). We also investigated the clinical value of RC/HDL-C ratio in evaluating the severity of CAD and in predicting the short-term prognosis of CAD patients.

Methods
In total, 615 patients were enrolled and they were classified into a CAD group (418 cases) and a normal group (197 cases) according to the results of coronary angiography. Serum RC/HDL-C ratio and Gensini score were calculated. Multivariate logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were employed to evaluate the association between RC/HDL-C ratio and CAD. The effect of RC/HDL-C ratio on the progression of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) was also explored.

Results
Increased RC/HDL-C ratio was associated with an increased risk of CAD (OR: 11.122; 95% CI: 5.903–20.954; P < 0.001). When stratified by CAD subtypes, increased RC/HDL-C ratio was correlated with a greater risk of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) (OR:1.549; 95% CI: 1.014–2.364; P < 0.05). Compared with the first quartile, the 4th quartile of RC/HDL-C ratio had a 9.774-fold (P = 0.000) increase in the odds ratio for CAD, and a 2.241-fold (P = 0.017) increase in the odds ratio for ACS. RC/HDL-C ratio was an independent determinant of Gensini score ≥32 (OR: 2.138, 95% CI:1.389–3.292, P < 0.01), and multi-branch (MVD) (OR: 2.245; 95% CI: 1.468–3.443; P < 0.001). The prevalence of Gensini score ≥32 and MVD in the 4th quartile of RC/HDL-C ratio group were much higher than that of other quartile groups (P < 0.01). Moreover, the areas under the ROC for the predictive value of RC/HDL-C ratio for CAD, ACS, Gensini score ≥32, and MVD were 0.702, 0.563, 0.602, and 0.669, respectively. Furthermore, the incidence of MACEs was significantly increased in CAD patients with levels of RC/HDL-C ratio (P < 0.05).

Conclusion
RC/HDL-C ratio plays an important role in the progression and severity of CAD.
Small bowel intussusception – aetiology & management
Authors: Sciberras Nicole , Zammit Stefania Chetcuti , Sidhu Reena 
Published: January 2024

Purpose of review
Adult small bowel intussusception (SBI) differs in incidence, symptomatology and management from the more commonly encountered paediatric intussusception. This review spans across the multitude of causes of adult SBI, and summarises the diagnostic work-up and management options according to recent literature.

Recent findings
There has been an increase in use of small bowel capsule endoscopy and point-of-care ultrasound for the diagnosis of acute adult SBI.

Summary
A high degree of suspicion of a malignant cause of SBI is required in the adult population. Alarm clinical features include weight loss, history of malignancy, and iron deficiency anaemia. CT remains the gold standard imaging technique as it may identify the lead point and thus aid in endoscopic or surgical management. If malignancy is excluded and no lead point is identified, serology and histology may be helpful to look for inflammatory, infective and autoimmune aetiology.
The use and timing of angio-embolization in pediatric blunt liver and spleen injury
Authors: Naiditch Jessica A. , Notrica David M. , Sayrs Lois W. , Linnaus Maria , Stottlemyre Rachael , Garcia Nilda M. , Lawson Karla A. , Cohen Aaron S. , Letton Robert W. , Johnson Jeremy , Maxson R. Todd , Eubanks James W. , Ryan Mark , Alder Adam , Ponsky Todd A , St. Peter Shawn D , Bhatia Amina M. , Leys Charles M. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background
Nonoperative management (NOM) is the standard of care for the management of blunt liver and spleen injuries (BLSI) in the stable pediatric patient. Angiography with embolization (AE) is utilized as an adjunctive therapy in the management of adult BLSI patients, but it is rarely utilized in the pediatric population. In this planned secondary analysis, we describe the current utilization patterns of AE in the management of pediatric BLSI.

Methods
After obtaining IRB approval at each center, cohort data was collected prospectively for children admitted with BLSI confirmed on CT at 10 Level 1 pediatric trauma centers (PTCs) throughout the United States from April 2013 to January 2016. All patients who underwent angiography with or without embolization for a BLSI were included in this analysis. Data collected included patient demographics, injury details, organ injured and grade of injury, CT finding specifics such as contrast blush, complications, failure of NOM, time to angiography and techniques for embolization.

Results
Data were collected for 1004 pediatric patients treated for BLSI over the study period, 30 (3.0%) of which underwent angiography with or without embolization for BLSI. Ten of the patients who underwent angiography for BLSI failed NOM. For patients with embolized splenic injuries, splenic salvage was 100%. Four of 9 patients undergoing embolization of the liver ultimately required an operative intervention, but only one patient required hepatorrhaphy and no patient required hepatectomy after AE. Few angiography studies were obtained early during hospitalization for BLSI, with only 1 patient undergoing angiography within 1 hour of arrival at the PTC, and 7 within 3 hours.

Conclusions
Angioembolization is rarely utilized in the management of BLSI in pediatric trauma patients with blunt abdominal trauma and is generally utilized in a delayed fashion. However, when implemented, angioembolization is associated with 100% splenic salvage for splenic injuries.

Level of Evidence
Level IV, therapeutic/care management
Next-generation tourniquet: Recommendations for future capabilities and design requirements
Authors: Veazey Sena R. , Mike Jared F. , Hull Darke R. , Ryan Kathy L. , Salinas Jose , Kragh John F. 
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUNDAdvances in tourniquet development must meet new military needs for future large-scale combat operations or civilian mass casualty scenarios. This includes the potential use of engineering and automation technologies to provide advanced tourniquet features. A comprehensive set of design capabilities and requirements for an intelligent or smart tourniquet needed to meet the challenges currently does not exist. The goal of this project was to identify key features and capabilities that should be considered for the development of next-generation tourniquets.METHODSWe used a modified Delphi consensus technique to survey a panel of 34 tourniquet subject matter experts to rate various statements and potential design characteristics relevant to tourniquets systems and their use scenarios. Three iterative rounds of surveys were held, followed by virtual working group meetings, to determine importance or agreement with any given statement. We used a tiered consensus system to determine final agreement over key features that were viewed as important or unimportant features or capabilities. This information was used to refine and clarify the necessary tourniquet design features and adjust questions for the following surveys.RESULTSKey features and capabilities of various were agreed upon by the panelists when consensus was reached. Some tourniquet features that were agreed upon included but are not limited to: Capable of being used longer than 2 hours, applied and monitored by anyone, data displays, semiautomated capabilities with inherent overrides, automated monitoring with notifications and alerts, and provide recommended actions.CONCLUSIONWe were able to identify key tourniquet features that will be important for future device development. These consensus results can guide future inventors, researchers, and manufacturers to develop a portfolio of next-generation tourniquets for enhancing the capabilities of a prehospital medical provider.LEVEL OF EVIDENCEPrognostic and Epidemiological; Level V.
Tissue-specific metabolic enzyme levels covary with whole-animal metabolic rates and life-history loci via epistatic effects
Authors: Prokkola Jenni M. , Chew Kuan Kiat , Anttila Katja , Maamela Katja S. , Yildiz Atakan , Åsheim Eirik R. , Primmer Craig R. , Aykanat Tutku 
Published: January 2024

Metabolic rates, including standard (SMR) and maximum (MMR) metabolic rate have often been linked with life-history strategies. Variation in context- and tissue-level metabolism underlying SMR and MMR may thus provide a physiological basis for life-history variation. This raises a hypothesis that tissue-specific metabolism covaries with whole-animal metabolic rates and is genetically linked to life history. In Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), variation in two loci,vgll3andsix6, affects life history via age-at-maturity as well as MMR. Here, using individuals with known SMR and MMR with differentvgll3andsix6genotype combinations, we measured proxies of mitochondrial density and anaerobic metabolism, i.e. maximal activities of the mitochondrial citrate synthase (CS) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) enzymes, in four tissues (heart, intestine, liver, white muscle) across low- and high-food regimes. We found enzymatic activities were related to metabolic rates, mainly SMR, in the intestine and heart. Individual loci were not associated with the enzymatic activities, but we found epistatic effects and genotype-by-environment interactions in CS activity in the heart and epistasis in LDH activity in the intestine. These effects suggest that mitochondrial density and anaerobic capacity in the heart and intestine may partly mediate variation in metabolic rates and life history via age-at-maturity.This article is part of the theme issue ‘The evolutionary significance of variation in metabolic rates’.
Multiplex Imaging Reveals Novel Subcellular, Microenvironmental, and Racial Patterns of MRTFA/B Activation in Invasive Breast Cancers and Metastases
Authors: Wilk Stephanie M. , Lee Kihak , Gajda Alexa M. , Haloul Mohamed , Macias Virgilia , Wiley Elizabeth L. , Chen Zhengjia , Liu Xinyi , Wang Xiaowei , Sverdlov Maria , Hoskins Kent F. , Er Ekrem Emrah 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBreast cancer progression and metastasis involve the action of multiple transcription factors in tumors and in the cells of the tumor microenvironment (TME) and understanding how these transcription factors are coordinated can guide novel therapeutic strategies. Myocardin related transcription factors A and B (MRTFA/B) are two related transcription factors that redundantly control cancer cell invasion and metastasis in mouse models of breast cancer, but their roles in human cancer are incompletely understood. Here, we used a combination of multiplexed immunofluorescence and bioinformatics analyses to show that MRTFA/B are concurrently activated in tumor cells, but they show distinct patterns of expression across different histological subtypes and in the TME. Importantly, MRTFA expression was elevated in metastatic tumors of African American patients, who disproportionately die from breast cancer. Interestingly, in contrast to publicly available mRNA expression data, MRTFA was similarly expressed across estrogen receptor (ER) positive and negative breast tumors, while MRTFB expression was highest in ER+ breast tumors. Furthermore, MRTFA was specifically expressed in the perivascular antigen presenting cells (APCs) and its expression correlated with the expression of the immune checkpoint protein V-set immunoregulatory receptor (VSIR). These results provide unique insights into how MRTFA and MRTFB can promote metastasis in human cancer, into the racial disparities of their expression patterns, and their function within the complex breast cancer TME.Graphical Abstract
ELViM: Exploring Biomolecular Energy Landscapes through Multidimensional Visualization
Authors: Viegas Rafael G. , Martins Ingrid B. S. , Sanches Murilo N. , Oliveira Antonio B. , de Camargo Juliana B. , Paulovich Fernando V. , Leite Vitor B.P. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractMolecular dynamics (MD) simulations provide a powerful means to explore the dynamic behavior of biomolecular systems at the atomic level. However, analyzing the vast datasets generated by MD simulations poses significant challenges. This manuscript discusses the Energy Landscape Visualization Method (ELViM), a multidimensional reduction technique inspired by energy landscape theory. ELViM transcends one-dimensional representations, offering a comprehensive analysis of the effective conformational phase space without the need for predefined reaction coordinates. We apply ELViM to study the folding landscape of the antimicrobial peptide Polybia-MP1, showcasing its versatility in capturing complex biomolecular dynamics. Using dissimilarity matrices and a force-scheme approach, ELViM provides intuitive visualizations, revealing structural correlations, and local conformational signatures. The method is demonstrated to be adaptable, robust, and applicable to various biomolecular systems.
Complementary approaches to dissect late leaf rust resistance in an interspecific raspberry population
Authors: Prado Melina , da Silva Allison Vieira , Campos Gabriela Romêro , Reis Borges Karina Lima , Yassue Rafael Massahiro , Husein Gustavo , Akens Felix Frederik , Sposito Marcel Bellato , Amorim Lilian , Behrouzi Pariya , Bustos-Korts Daniela , Fritsche-Neto Roberto 
Published: January 2024

AbstractOver the last ten years, global raspberry production has increased by 47.89%, based on the red species (Rubus idaeus). However, the black raspberry species (Rubus occidentalis), although less consumed, is resistant to one of the most important diseases for the crop, the late leaf rust caused byAcculeastrum americanumfungus, to which the red ones are susceptible. In this context, genetic resistance is the most sustainable way to control the disease, mainly because there are no registered fungicides for late leaf rust in the crop in Brazil. Therefore, the aim was to understand the genetic architecture that controls resistance to late rust in raspberries. For that, we used an interspecific diversity panel between the cited above species, two different statistical approaches to associate the phenotypes to the markers (GWAS and copula graphical models), and two phenotyping methodologies from the first to the seventeenth day after inoculation (high-throughput phenotyping with a multispectral camera and traditional phenotyping by disease severity scores). Our findings indicate that a locus of higher effect possibly controls the resistance to late leaf rust, as both GWAS and the network suggested the same marker. Furthermore, a candidate defense-related gene cluster is close to this marker. Finally, the best stage to evaluate for disease severity is thirteen days after inoculation, confirmed by both traditional and high-throughput phenotyping. Although the network and GWAS indicated the same higher effect genomic region, the network identified other different regions complementing the genetic control comprehension.
Blood-based targeted metabolipidomics reveals altered omega fatty acid-derived lipid mediators in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis patients
Authors: Zahoor Insha , Waters Jeffrey , Ata Nasar , Datta Indrani , Pedersen Theresa L. , Cerghet Mirela , Poisson Laila , Markovic-Plese Silva , Rattan Ramandeep , Taha Ameer Y. , Newman John W. , Giri Shailendra 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACTUnresolved and uncontrolled inflammation is considered a hallmark of pathogenesis in chronic inflammatory diseases like multiple sclerosis (MS), suggesting a defective resolution process. Inflammatory resolution is an active process partially mediated by endogenous metabolites of dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), collectively termed specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators (SPMs). Altered levels of resolution mediators have been reported in several inflammatory diseases and may partly explain impaired inflammatory resolution. Performing LC-MS/MS-based targeted lipid mediator profiling, we observed distinct changes in fatty acid metabolites in serum from 30 relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) patients relative to 30 matched healthy subjects (HS). Robust linear regression revealed 12 altered lipid mediators after adjusting for confounders (p <0.05). Of these, 15d-PGJ2, PGE3, and LTB5 were increased in MS while PGF2a, 8,9-DiHETrE, 5,6-DiHETrE, 20-HETE, 15-HETE, 12-HETE, 12-HEPE, 14-HDoHE, and DHEA were decreased in MS compared to HS. In addition, 12,13-DiHOME and 12,13-DiHODE were positively correlated with expanded disability status scale values (EDSS). Using Partial Least Squares, we identified several lipid mediators with high VIP scores (VIP > 1: 32% - 52%) of which POEA, PGE3, DHEA, LTB5, and 12-HETE were top predictors for distinguishing between RRMS and HS (AUC =0.75) based on the XGBoost Classifier algorithm. Collectively, these findings suggest an imbalance between inflammation and resolution. Altogether, lipid mediators appear to have potential as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for RRMS.