bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ease of imagination moderates reactions to differently framed health messages
Authors: Broemer Philip 
Published: March 2004

AbstractThree studies test the hypothesis that the subjective ease of symptom imagination moderates the impact of differently framed messages on attitudes toward performing health behaviours. By drawing on the simulation heuristic, it is argued that the vividness of information is reflected in the subjective ease with which people can imagine having symptoms of an illness. This state of mind can be more or less congruent with the theme of a message, accentuating certain health‐related outcomes more than others. The results show that negatively framed messages are more persuasive when symptom imagination is relatively easy and that positively framed messages are more effective when symptom imagination is relatively difficult. Consistent with a dual‐process view, Study 3 showed a stronger impact of ease of imagination when relevance was low rather than high. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A study on dynamic and thermodynamic aspects of breaks in the summer monsoon over India
Authors: Bhatla R. , Mohanty U. C. , Raju P. V. S. , Madan O. P. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractThe rainfall associated with the Indian summer monsoon shows large intraseasonal and interannual variability. Break‐monsoon conditions are one of the important epochs of the monsoon, and they contribute significantly to the intraseasonal variability of the monsoon. The National Centers for Environmental Prediction–National Center for Atmospheric Research reanalysis data sets are used to investigate the significant energy budget terms during the pre‐break (5 days prior to the commencement of the break), break and post‐break (5 days after the cessation of the break) periods. In the present study, certain dynamic and thermodynamic characteristics of the monsoon circulation during break‐monsoon conditions are investigated. The important terms in the various energy budget equations are analysed between the surface and 100 hPa for the break and its departures from pre‐ and post‐break for the period 1968–96. The statistical significance of these departures is also examined by Student's t‐test at the 95% confidence level. The volume integral of the budget terms is also examined in four sectors, i.e. the Arabian Sea, Bay of Bengal, northern India and central India.Significant changes in the wind field and vorticity at 850 hPa take place in the monsoon trough zone, coastal regions of the western coast of India and the southwestern Bay of Bengal off the southern Indian coast. The vertically upward rising arm of the Hadley cell weakens during the break phase. The strong flux convergence of kinetic energy in the central Arabian Sea and flux divergence in the northeastern Bay of Bengal weakens during pre‐ and post‐break periods. Significant changes in the diabatic heating horizontal flux of heat and moisture are observed in the monsoon trough zone, central and northwestern Bay of Bengal. The Bay of Bengal and central India sectors show higher magnitudes and changes in respect of dynamic and thermodynamic parameters compared with the Arabian Sea and northern India. Copyright © 2004 Royal Meteorological Society
Modern glacier retreat on Kilimanjaro as evidence of climate change: observations and facts
Authors: Kaser Georg , Hardy Douglas R. , Mölg Thomas , Bradley Raymond S. , Hyera Tharsis M. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractIn recent years, Kilimanjaro and its vanishing glaciers have become an ‘icon’ of global warming, attracting broad interest. In this paper, a synopsis of (a) field observations made by the authors and (b) climatic data as reported in the literature (proxy and long‐term instrumental data) is presented to develop a new concept for investigating the retreat of Kilimanjaro's glaciers, based on the physical understanding of glacier–climate interactions. The concept considers the peculiarities of the mountain and implies that climatological processes other than air temperature control the ice recession in a direct manner. A drastic drop in atmospheric moisture at the end of the 19th century and the ensuing drier climatic conditions are likely forcing glacier retreat on Kilimanjaro. Future investigations using the concept as a governing hypothesis will require research at different climatological scales. Copyright © 2004 Royal Meteorological Society
Changes of air temperature and precipitation in Poland in the period 1951–2000 and their relationship to atmospheric circulation
Authors: Degirmendžić Jan , Kożuchowski Krzysztof , Żmudzka Elwira 
Published: March 2004

AbstractAn analysis of trends of mean monthly temperature and precipitation totals in Poland in the period 1951–2000 was carried out. Areal means of temperature and precipitation were used, averaged for 51 meteorological stations evenly distributed within Poland's borders. Sensitivity of air temperature and precipitation variations towards circulation was assessed. Circulation variations were expressed by sea‐level pressure in the 52.5°N, 20°E grid point and geostrophic wind calculated from meridional (45–60°N) and latitudinal (10–30°E) pressure gradients.It was shown that the circulation factor explains up to 77% and 44% of temperature and precipitation variance respectively. Significant upward trends of temperature in March and May were detected. Also, the precipitation total in March was on the increase. The last decade of the 20th century was slightly ‘too warm’ in comparison with the circulation‐induced temperature level, as well as with the temperature change scenario according to HadCM2 GS model.An attempt was made to evaluate the contribution of the frequency of snow cover occurrence to the temperature increase in winter, i.e. the temperature–albedo feedback. Copyright © 2004 Royal Meteorological Society
Fitting multiple datasets in kinetics: n‐butane + OH → products
Authors: Donahue Neil M. , Clarke James S. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractOffsets due to systematic calibration errors are a common feature of the literature on temperature‐dependent rate constants. We present a formalism for dealing with these offsets within the context of least‐squares fitting, using a priori parameter constraints based on the estimated accuracy of individual studies. This methodology not only eliminates biases caused by calibration errors, it also ensures that the metric used to compare different studies is their accuracy, not their precision. Consequently, studies with single measurements at room temperature can be meaningfully compared with studies comprising dozens of measurements spanning a wide temperature range. We apply this procedure to the complete literature dataset for two reactions: OH + propane and OH + n‐butane, after first presenting new data for OH + n‐butane spanning the temperature range 180–300 K and extending the low‐temperature limit of the literature by 50 K. There is outstanding agreement among a very large set of studies, including relative measurements of the propane:n‐butane rate constant ratio. We present new reduced transition state theory fits for each reaction that accurately reproduce the observed rate constants between 180 and 1000 K, and argue that these two reactions are the optimal reference reactions for many relative rate studies. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 36: 259–272, 2004
Wideband shorted trapezoidal microstrip patch coupled to a hook shape probe
Authors: Kishk Ahmed A. , Lee Kai Fong , Mok W. C. , Luk K. M. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractA trapezoidal short‐circuited patch excited by a hook‐shaped probe is designed to achieve a wideband performance. The antenna achieves 45% bandwidth with around 4.0‐dB gain. The computed reflection coefficients and radiation patterns are computed and verified experimentally. The main beam of the patch is tilted by about 60° from the broad side. A linear array is analyzed and the array elements are phased to point the main beam to the same direction. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 41: 88–91, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20056
High‐efficiency CPW‐to‐slotline transitions on low εrsubstrates
Authors: Oldenburg M. K. , Weller T. M. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractThe power dissipation characteristics of CPW‐to‐slotline transitions are discussed. The resonant stub chosen to terminate one CPW slot in these transitions has a significant effect on the transition loss. Series‐stub designs are shown to reduce energy loss by 2.5–3 times on a low‐dielectric‐constant substrate, as compared to the more common radial‐stub design. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 41: 91–93, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20057
Demonstration of a highly efficient L‐band erbium‐doped fiber amplifier
Authors: Lu Z. G. , Sun F. G. , Lin P. , Grover C. P. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractA novel L‐band fiber amplifier comprised of two sections of erbium‐doped fiber (EDF) and an optical reflector is used to enhance power‐conversion efficiency (PCE). We also examine how an optical amplifier can be used without an optical reflector while nonetheless making effective use of amplified spontaneous emission in order to increase the gain. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 41: 96–98, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20059
A novel design method for improvement of narrow bandpass planar filter response
Authors: Prigent G. , Rius E. , Le Pennec F. , Le Maguer S. , Quendo C. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractThis paper discusses a method used to design a planar bandpass filter in the Ku‐band frequency range for a given satellite application. In order to fit a hardened specification, a dual‐behavior‐resonator (DBR)‐based filter topology is employed. In association with this topology, we propose an automated design procedure that combines both circuit and full‐wave simulations. It is based on a statistical sensitivity study performed by DOE analysis. After development of the base filter, the out‐of‐band rejection is improved by using topological modifications in order to favor the occurrence of transmission zeros. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 41: 98–104, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20060
Radiation pattern control for an on‐ceiling omnidirectional monopole antenna
Authors: Liu Yung‐Tao , Su Che‐Wei , Tang Chia‐Luan , Fang Shyh‐Tirng , Wong Kin‐Lu 
Published: March 2004

AbstractA novel radiation‐pattern control technique for an omnidirectional monopole antenna installed upside down on the ceiling in a building is presented. It is proposed that, by embedding a monopole antenna within a slotted metal cavity comprised of a top reflector, a cavity wall, and a slotted ground plane, the maximum radiation direction and 3‐dB beamwidth of the monopole's radiation pattern can be controlled, thus leading to an enhanced radiation coverage area for practical applications. Details of the proposed pattern control technique are described, and the obtained experimental results are presented. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 41: 106–108, 2004 Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com).DOI 10.1002/mop.20062
Low‐threshold characteristics of a linear‐cavity multiwavelength brillouin/erbium fiber laser
Authors: Al‐Mansoori Mohammed H. , Bouzid Belloui , Saharudin Suhairi , Ali Borhanudin M. , Abdullah Mohamad K. , Mahdi Mohd A. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractA novel operation scheme of a multiwavelength Brillouin/Erbium fiber laser (BEFL) utilizing a linear cavity is presented. Twenty‐two stable output laser lines with 10.88‐GHz (0.088‐nm) line spacing at 1558 nm were obtained from this architecture without the need of internal feedback. A low threshold of 4‐mW pump power with 2.3‐mW launched Brillouin pump at 1558 nm was obtained. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 41: 114–117, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com).DOI 10.1002/mop.20064
Radiation effects on via coupling in power‐return plane structures
Authors: Chen Richard L. , Chen Ji 
Published: March 2004

AbstractThe radiation effect on via coupling in a power‐return plane is studied by using the radial waveguide model combined with the spectral‐domain immittance (SDI) approach. The time‐domain waveform and frequency‐domain response are investigated for cases with or without a consideration of the radiation effects. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 41: 117–119, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20065
Wave propagation along a rectangular metallic waveguide longitudinally loaded with a metamaterial slab
Authors: Cory H. , Shtrom A. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractWave propagation along a rectangular metallic waveguide, loaded with a longitudinal metamaterial slab adjacent to air, is studied in this paper. The dispersion relations have been obtained and the β − ω diagrams have been drawn for various width ratios of the metamaterial to air regions. For real propagation coefficients, in the 0 < β < k0 range, the group velocity could be negative, very low or constant, depending on the frequency range and on the width ratios of the two regions. In some cases, it has been found that the propagation coefficient is complex although the media are lossless: there is no net energy flow through any cross section of the guide so that the energy present is only stored reactive energy, and this seems to be due to strong coupling processes occurring in the device. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 41: 123–127, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20067
Microstrip patch antenna array on ground with circular PBG
Authors: Zhang Wenmei , Mao Junfa , Sun Xiaowei , Qian Rong , Zhang Dan 
Published: March 2004

AbstractIn this paper, a microstrip patch antenna array on ground with PBG is simulated and measured. It is shown that the photonic band‐gap (PBG) can suppress harmonics and optimize the current distribution on the patches. As a result, the gain of the antenna array is improved and the side‐lobe level is reduced. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 41: 127–130, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20068
Microstrip stepped‐impedance resonator bandpass filter with over‐coupling structure for suppression of harmonic response
Authors: Weng Min‐Hung , Pan Chi‐Hsiang , Shao Chih‐Wei , Wu Hung‐Wei , Huang Tsung‐Hui 
Published: March 2004

AbstractThis paper describes the microstrip stepped‐impedance resonator (SIR) bandpass filter with an over‐coupling structure for the suppression of spurious response at twice the center frequency (2f0). In addition, the tapped I/O is used in the filter to create the extra transmission zeros to further improve stopband rejection. First, conventional approximate design formulas of microstrip SIR are also presented to predict the filter performance, and then the EM simulation is used to optimize the filter performance. The designed bandpass filters have a wide upper stopband with satisfactory attenuation levels. The experimental results of the two designed filters are in good agreement with the theoretical predictions and simulated results. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 41: 130–133, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20069
Shorted wideband low‐profile patch antenna with two shorting pins
Authors: Li Yuan , Chair R. , Luk K. M. , Lee K. F. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractThis paper presents measured and simulated results for a wideband, low‐profile patch antenna. A low‐profile (0.026λ0) rectangular‐shape patch antenna with two shorting pins and two probe feeds is studied. By exciting one port and terminating the other port by a 50Ω matched load, an impedance bandwidth of as much as 69% is achieving for this antenna. Radiation patterns at different frequencies are presented. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 41: 135–137, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20071
Analysis of multipath fading for six‐port receiver
Authors: Tatu Serioja Ovidiu , Moldovan Emilia , Denidni Tayeb 
Published: March 2004

AbstractThis paper presents simulation and measurement results of a six‐port direct conversion receiver for multipath propagation. Simulation results, using the Norton‐Bullington model of the multipath propagation and the receiver computer model, are presented and compared with bit‐error‐rate (BER) measurement results, performed on a six‐port receiver test setup. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 41: 137–141, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20072
A broadband beam‐fixed planar‐array antenna using slot pair and conductive bar at millimeter‐wave frequencies
Authors: Oh Soonsoo , Heo John , Kim Donghyeon , Lee Jaewook , Song Myungsun , Kim Youngsik 
Published: March 2004

AbstractThis paper presents a broadband millimeter‐wave planar‐array antenna that uses a slot pair and crossing conductive bar. The antenna is fed by a waveguide feed network in the E‐plane to reduce the feed‐line loss and a microstrip‐feed network in the H‐plane in order to decrease fabrication costs. The waveguide and microstrip are coupled through the slot pair, which is placed a quarter guided‐wavelength distance apart, so that the reflected waves from the slots cancel each other. As a result, the antenna exhibits very broadband characteristics. The conductive bar is laid above the slots to increase the coupling. Results from simulation and measurement of the fabricated antenna show the reflection bandwidth to be more than 7.1% of the 40.5–43.5‐GHz frequency range. The antenna also has fixed beams, low side‐lobe levels (SLLs) at all frequencies of interest, and a high gain of 28.1 dBi at 41.5 GHz. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 41: 150–154, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20076
Harmonic suppression by photonic bandgap on CPW‐fed loop‐slot antenna
Authors: Lin Xian‐Chang , Wang Ling‐Teng , Sun Jwo‐Shiun 
Published: March 2004

AbstractA conventional CPW‐fed loop‐slot antenna, incorporating a PBG structure in the feeding network, is presented. Experimental results show that the PBG structure with cross‐shaped lattices exhibits a well behaved band‐stop characteristic; furthermore, the impedance bandwidth of the proposed antennas also becomes wider than that of the conventional CPW‐fed slot antenna. In this design, the impedance bandwidth can reach 1320 MHz, which is about 60% with respect to the central frequency of 2200 MHz. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 41: 154–156, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20077
Numerical blow‐up for the porous medium equation with a source
Authors: Ferreira Raúl , Groisman Pablo , Rossi Julio D. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractWe study numerical approximations of positive solutions of the porous medium equation with a nonlinear source,

equation image

where m > 1, p > 0 and L > 0 are parameters. We describe in terms of p, m, and L when solutions of a semidiscretization in space exist globally in time and when they blow up in a finite time. We also find the blow‐up rates and the blow‐up sets, proving that there is no regional blow‐up for the numerical scheme. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq, 2004
Respecialization as a school psychologist: Education, training, and supervision for school practice
Authors: Crespi Tony D. , Politikos Natalie N. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractProfessional psychology is facing a looming crisis. On one hand, there is an oversupply of clinical psychologists—a group generally facing decreasing salaries and growing competition. On the other hand, there is a shortage of school psychologists—a group experiencing increasing salaries and expanded role opportunities. Unfortunately, though, educators and practitioners have not fully addressed the issue of respecialization. In a basic way, just as a physician who changes specialties pursues rigorous, 3‐year residency training, so psychologists interested in changing specialties should complete appropriate respecialization. This article explores the issues, controversies, and dynamics involved with respecialization. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Psychol Schs 41: 473–480, 2004.
Farbkränze auf staubigen Gewässern: Spielwiese
Authors: Schlichting Hans Joachim 
Published: March 2004

AbstractWenn auf einer Wasseroberfläche feine Staubteilchen liegen, können darauf regenbogenfarbene Ringe entstehen. Sie haben ihre Ursache in einem komplizierten Prozess aus Streuung des Sonnenlichts an den Staubteilchen, Reflexion an der Wasseroberfläche und Interferenz. Fällt das Zentrum eines solchen Farbrings mit dem Reflex der Sonne zusammen, handelt es sich um Fraunhofer‐Beugung; ist der Sonnenreflex exzentrisch, so spricht man von Quételetschen Ringen.
Einsteins Theorie auf dem optischen Prüfstand: Spezielle Relativitätstheorie
Authors: Müller Holger , Peters Achim 
Published: March 2004

AbstractLicht breitet sich mit konstanter Geschwindigkeit aus, unabhängig von der Ausbreitungsrichtung des Lichtstrahls zum Beobachter und der Relativbewegung. Diese Grundaussage der Speziellen Relativitätstheorie wurde jetzt in einem modernen Michelson‐Morley‐Experiment mit einer Präzision von wenigen Teilen in einer Billiarde bestätigt. Dazu wurden die Resonanzfrequenzen zweier optischer Resonatoren, die auf Temperaturen nahe des absoluten Nullpunktes abgekühlt waren, über mehr als ein Jahr verglichen.
Klassische Fischmechanik
Authors: Vilgis Thomas 
Published: March 2004

AbstractWill ein Koch einen anderen auf das Gröbste beleidigen, so ist der Vorwurf, jener könne keinen Fisch zubereiten, einer der schlimmsten. Die Physik sagt uns warum: Proteinnetze verändern empfindlich das Biegemodul.
Characteristics of photoconductivity in Tl2S layered single crystals
Authors: Ashraf I. M. , Elshaikh H. A. , Badr A. M. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractIn this work the photoconductivity measurements are carried out for single crystals of the Tl2S compound by using both pulsed excitation (a.c) and steady state (d.c) methods in order to elucidate the nature of photoconductivity (PC) in this compound. Results are reported in the temperature range from 77 K to 300 K, excitation intensity range from 1800 V to 5200 V Lux, applied voltage range from 2 V to 14 V, and wavelength range from 840 nm to 1450 nm. Both of the ac‐photoconductivity (ac‐PC) and the spectral distribution of the photocurrent are studied at different values of light intensity, applied voltage, and temperature. Dependencies of the carrier lifetime on the light intensity, the applied voltage, and the temperature have also been investigated as results of the ac‐PC measurements. The temperature dependence of the energy gap width has been described as a result of studying the dc‐photoconductivity (dc‐PC). (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)