bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The desire for sexual variety as a key to understanding basic human mating strategies
Authors: SCHMITT DAVID P. , SHACKELFORD TODD K. , DUNTLEY JOSHUA , TOOKE WILLIAM , BUSS DAVID M. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractDifferent authors have proposed competing evolutionary theories of human mating. Some argue that both sexes are designed to pursue a singular long‐term mating strategy. Others contend that both sexes are designed to function as essentially multiple maters. Sexual Strategies Theory (SST; D.M. Buss & D.P. Schmitt, 1993), in contrast, proposes that men and women have evolved short‐term and long‐term mating strategies that are pursued differently by each sex depending on theoretically derived dimensions of context. According to SST, the sexes tend to differ in the nature and prominence of the short‐term component of human mating–particularly the short‐term desire for sexual variety. The current research was designed to test competing empirical predictions from these contrasting theories by focusing on sex differences in the desire for sexual variety. Study 1 (N= 1,049), consisting of five separate samples, found large and consistent sex differences in the desire for short‐term sexual variety, even after employing statistical methods to control for skewed distributions and statistical outliers. Study 2 (N= 192) confirmed the results of Study 1 using an older, more mature sample. Study 3 (N= 50) again replicated these sex differences using an observer‐based method of inquiry. Study 4 (N= 167) found evidence that short‐term mating was unrelated generally to psychological dysfunction and may be related to mentally healthy personality characteristics in men. Discussion focuses on the viability of pluralistic compared with monomorphic evolutionary theories of human mating strategies.
Extracting implicit theories about the risk of coercive control in romantic relationships
Authors: WILSON MARGO , JOCIC VESSNA , DALY MARTIN 
Published: May 2005

AbstractPeople readily make attributions about the likely behavior of others, based on very limited information. We exploited this tendency to assess people's sensitivity to personological and social‐circumstantial evidence of risk of coercive control in romantic relationships, by unobtrusively varying information about a fictitious couple in a between‐groups design and asking viewers to make predictions about the feelings and behavior of the three characters–a man, his girlfriend, and his sister. Key features of the story were systematically altered to elicit attributions of the man's aggressive and jealous inclinations to see if people are sensitive to the psychological link between sexually proprietary inclinations and risk of violence. The story manipulations were effective in eliciting attributions of the man's aggressive inclinations, of the woman's polyandrous inclinations, and of the man's likely jealousy. As expected, people predicted that an aggressive and jealous man would be likely to use violence and other controlling actions against his girlfriend.
Expression of p28GANK and its correlation with RB in human hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Tan Lu , Fu Xiao‐Yong , Liu Shu‐Qin , Li Hong‐Hai , Hong Yi , Wu Meng‐Chao , Wang Hong‐Yang 
Published: May 2005

AbstractBackground: Aberrance of retinoblastoma protein (RB) signal pathway is known to play an important role in the carcinogenesis of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). p28GANK, originally purified from human 26S proteasome as a non‐ATPase subunit, was recently found in HCC and shown to interact with RB. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression profile of p28GANK and its correlation with RB in HCC.Methods: The expression of p28GANK was evaluated in 55 surgically resected HCCs by immunohistochemistry (IHC), and the associations were explored between p28GANK level and clinicopathologic features as well as tumor suppressor RB. Western blotting was performed to determine p28GANK expression level in 12 HCCs. Immunofluorescence stainings of p28GANK and RB in U2‐OS cells were examined by confocal microscopy.Results: Positive p28GANK cytoplasmic staining was recognized in 55 HCCs. Nuclear positive occurrence of p28GANK in HCCs was more frequent than paracancerous hepatic tissues (P<0.05). The overexpression probability of p28GANK was inversely associated with Edmonson's grade: overexpression occurred in nine out of 11 (81.8%), 22 out of 35 (62.9%) and two out of nine (22.2%) in I–II, III and IV graded cases, respectively (P=0.004). Total cellular expression of p28GANK had curvilinear correlation with the nuclear expression of RB (r=0.475, P=0.019), while the nuclear expression of p28GANK had not. Western blot analysis showed that up‐regulation of p28GANK expression was found in nine out of 12 HCCs compared with paracancerous liver tissues. Exogenously expressed p28GANK colocalized with RB in cytoplasm of U2‐OS cells.Conclusions: These results confirm the role of p28GANK as a highly expressed oncoprotein in HCC by in situ examination. Its overexpression correlates with the differentiation status of HCC. The whole cellular p28GANK activation, not nuclear portion only, influences the alteration of RB. Underlying nuclear translocation of p28GANK may contribute to the counteraction against RB through a feed back loop. These data provide new evidence for p28GANK to be used as a promising drug target of a therapeutic agent against HCC.
Basal core‐promoter mutant of hepatitis B virus and progression of liver disease in hepatitis B e antigen‐negative chronic hepatitis B
Authors: Lin Chih‐Lin , Liao Li‐Ying , Wang Chaur‐Shine , Chen Pei‐Jer , Lai Ming‐Yang , Chen Ding‐Shinn , Kao Jia‐Horng 
Published: May 2005

AbstractBackground/Aims: The long‐term outcomes in hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)‐negative chronic hepatitis B are distinct from those in HBeAg‐positive chronic hepatitis. However, the molecular virological factors that contribute to the progression of liver disease in this special clinical setting remain largely unknown. We thus investigated the association of hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotypes as well as precore/basal core‐promoter mutations with the clinical and virological characteristics of patients with HBeAg‐negative chronic hepatitis B in Taiwan.Methods: HBV genotypes and sequences of precore and basal core‐promoter regions of the HBV genome were determined in 174 HBeAg‐negative chronic HBV infection patients including 62 inactive carriers and 112 with different stages of liver disease.Results: HBV carriers with older age (>50 years) (odds ratio, 9.09; 95% confidence interval (CI), 3.22–25, P<0.001) and basal core‐promoter mutant of HBV (odds ratio, 4.12; 95% CI, 1.41–12.03, P=0.01) were associated with the development of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The gender‐related risk factors associated with the development of liver cirrhosis and HCC were further analyzed, and basal core‐promoter mutant was only associated with the development of liver cirrhosis and HCC in male carriers (odds ratio, 4.35; 95% CI, 1.30–14.52, P=0.02).Conclusions: The risk of development of liver cirrhosis and HCC is significantly increased in patients with advanced age as well as with basal core‐promoter mutant of HBV. In addition, basal core‐promoter mutant might contribute to the gender difference of the progression of liver disease in HBeAg‐negative chronic hepatitis B in Taiwan.
Early development of primary biliary cirrhosis in female C57BL/6 mice because of poly I:C administration
Authors: Okada Chizuko , Akbar Sk. Md. Fazle , Horiike Norio , Onji Morikazu 
Published: May 2005

AbstractBackground: Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is one of the organ‐specific autoimmune diseases characterized by destruction of the biliary epithelial cells, cholestasis, liver cirrhosis, and liver failure. With the postulation that induction of the autoimmune process might induce PBC‐like cholangitis, here we used polyinosinic polycytidylic acid (poly I:C), an inducer of type‐1 interferon (IFN), to generate an autoimmune cholangitis animal model.Methods: Female C57BL/6 mice were injected with 5 mg/kg of poly I:C twice a week for 28 consecutive weeks. Liver specimens were collected to evaluate the degree of cell infiltration. Autoantibodies, including antimitochondrial antibody (AMA), were assayed by immunofluorescence, enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunoblotting. IFN‐α was estimated in the sera by an ELISA method. Poly I:C injection induced IFN‐α.Results: Mononuclear cells were detected at the portal areas 8 weeks after the start of poly I:C injection, which progressed up to 16 weeks. Autoantibodies, including AMA, were detected in the sera from all poly I:C‐injected mice.Conclusions: In conclusion, we show an early development of a PBC‐like cholangitis in a genetically susceptible mouse strain because of poly I:C administration. This model would be helpful to study PBC immunopathogenesis and to evaluate the effectiveness of newly developed therapeutic regimens for PBC.
Chronic administration of aminoguanidine reduces vascular nitric oxide production and attenuates liver damage in bile duct‐ligated rats
Authors: Wei Chang‐Li , Hon Wei‐Min , Lee Kang‐Hoe , Khoo Hoon‐Eng 
Published: May 2005

AbstractBackground: Nitric oxide (NO) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of liver cirrhosis. This study investigated the activity of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in cirrhosis induced by bile duct‐ligation (BDL) with NOS inhibitors.Method: Three days after operation, rats were randomized to receive aminoguanidine (AG, 25 mg/kg/day) or l‐nG‐nitro‐l‐arginine methyl ester (l‐NAME, 10 mg/kg/day) for 21 days.Results: Vascular NO production, which was increased in BDL cirrhotic rats, was reduced by 75% with AG but not l‐NAME chronic administration. AG treatment attenuated liver damage, while l‐NAME aggravated it. AG significantly suppressed inducible NOS (iNOS) expression in aorta of BDL rats at both mRNA and protein level, but much less efficient in reducing it in liver. In contrast, endothelial NOS (eNOS) expression was not markedly affected. Calcium‐independent NOS activity, which was dramatically increased in aorta of BDL rats, was abolished by AG treatment. In liver, however, both calcium‐dependent and ‐independent NOS activity were increased by AG treatment.Conclusion: Chronic administration of AG could reduce systemic NO levels as well as suppress iNOS expression and activity in aorta of BDL rats. It also improved liver function, possibly because of its ability to increase hepatic NOS activity, and to correct the systemic hemodynamic disorders by decreasing vascular NO production.
Hepatic expression of the tumor necrosis factor family member lymphotoxin‐β is regulated by interleukin (IL)‐6 and IL‐1β: transcriptional control mechanisms in oval cells and hepatoma cell lines
Authors: Subrata Lily S. , Lowes Kim N. , Olynyk John K. , Yeoh George C. T. , Quail Elizabeth A. , Abraham Lawrence J. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractBackground: Lymphotoxin‐β (LT‐β) plays an important role in inflammation and its promoter contains a functional nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) element, rendering it a likely target of pro‐inflammatory cytokines. Inflammatory cytokines play a central role in liver regeneration resulting from acute or chronic liver injury, with interleukin (IL)‐6 signaling essential for liver regeneration induced by partial hepatectomy. In hepatic oval cells observed following chronic liver injury, LT‐β levels are upregulated, suggesting a link between LT‐β and liver regeneration.Results: The expression of LT‐β in hepatic oval cell and hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines was further investigated, along with its responsiveness to IL‐6 and IL‐1β. Key regulatory cis‐acting elements of the LT‐β promoter that mediate IL‐6 responsiveness (Sp/BKLF, Ets, NF‐κB and Egr‐1/Sp1) and IL‐1β responsiveness (NF‐κB and Ets) of hepatic LT‐β expression were identified. The novel binding of basic Kruppel‐like factor (BKLF) proteins to an apparent composite Sp/BKLF site of the LT‐β promoter was shown to mediate IL‐6 responsiveness. Binding of NF‐κB p65/p50 heterodimers and Ets‐related transcription factors to their respective sites mediates responsiveness to IL‐1β.Conclusion: The identification of IL‐6 and IL‐1β as activators of LT‐β supports their involvement in LT‐β signaling in liver regeneration associated with chronic liver damage.
Papular Acantholytic Dyskeratosis of the Vulva
Authors: Sáenz Ana María , Cirocco Antonietta , Avendaño Mónica , González Francisco , Sardi José R. 
Published: May 2005

Abstract:  We describe an 11‐year‐old girl with a persistent pruritic papular eruption on the vulva. Clinically, the lesions consisted of whitish papules and erosions located on the inner aspect of the labia majora. There was no familial history of skin diseases. Histologically, a biopsy specimen showed difuse hyperkeratosis, parakeratosis, acantholysis throughout the thickness of the epidermis, and the presence of corps ronds. Those findings were consistent with a diagnosis of acantholytic dyskeratosis. At 3 years follow‐up, only isolated hyperkeratotic, asymptomatic papules on the same location remained. The occurrence of this focal and sporadic, localized form of acantholytic dyskeratosis seems to be rare in the pediatric population, as we could find no other child with this entity reported in the literature.
Diffuse Sterile Pustular Eruption with Changing Clinical Features in a 2‐Year Old
Authors: Mazzatenta Carlo , Martini Patrizia , Luti Laura , Domenici Raffaele 
Published: May 2005

Abstract:  We report a 2‐year‐old girl with diffuse pustular eruptions occurring in close association with respiratory tract infections. The pustular eruption had different clinical characteristics over time, evolving from circinate to von Zumbush pustular psoriasis, and finally to subcorneal pustular dermatosis. Treatment with acitretin 1 mg/kg/day gave good results. A relapse showing striking clinical characteristics of subcorneal pustular dermatosis was treated with dapsone (1 mg/kg/day) followed by ultraviolet B–narrowband (UV‐B–NB) phototherapy. The patient subsequently had several relapses over 1 year, which were well controlled with short cycles of UV‐B–NB. This patient's findings demonstrate that pustular eruptions can vary over time, assuming clearly different clinical patterns, and highlight the difficulty of classifying pustular eruptions as separate diseases.
Proliferating Hemangioma of Infancy: Successful Treatment with Topical 5% Imiquimod Cream
Authors: Hazen Paul G. , Carney James F. , Engstrom Conley W. , Turgeon Karen L. , Reep Michael D. , Tanphaichitr Arrthapol 
Published: May 2005

Abstract:  A 4‐month‐old girl had a proliferating hemangioma of infancy (infantile hemangioma) affecting the chest wall. The lesion had appeared 1 week after birth, demonstrating both superficial and deep components, and was rapidly enlarging. It had become painful and superficially eroded. Treatment with topical 5% imiquimod cream three times a week was associated with signs of involution after 10 days, and complete resolution after 10 weeks of therapy. The treatment was well tolerated.
Useful Treatment of Vitiligo in 10 Children with UV‐B Narrowband (311 nm)
Authors: Brazzelli Valeria , Prestinari Francesca , Castello Michela , Bellani Eleonora , Roveda Elena , Barbagallo Tania , Borroni Giovanni 
Published: May 2005

Abstract:  We report our experience with UV‐B narrowband (UV‐B–NB) therapy in children affected by vitiligo. We studied 10 Caucasian Italian children (six boys, four girls, mean age 9.7 years ± 2.67). Treatment mean term was 5.6 months; frequency was three times a week on nonconsecutive days or only twice a week, because of school or family duties. The percentage of repigmentation was evaluated by comparing photographs taken before, during, and after the treatment, and showed a repigmentation level higher than 75% in five patients (5/10, 50%) and between 26% and 75% in three patients (3/10, 30%). Of our patients, 80% had a satisfactory response to phototherapy. Adverse events were limited and transient. No significant relationships between repigmentation grades and variables such as skin type, positive family history, and disease extension were observed. Some areas responded better than others; the best results were shown on the face and neck. Perhaps we studied too few patients to be conclusive, but the results obtained so far seem to indicate that children affected by recent vitiligo have a better response to the therapy. We feel that UV‐B–NB therapy is a valuable and safe option for the treatment of pediatric vitiligo, and should be started as soon as possible.
Substance P Theory: A Unique Focus on the Painful and Painless Phenomena of Cluster Headache
Authors: Sicuteri F. , Fanciullacci M. , Nicolodi M. , Geppetti P. , Fusco B. M. , Marabini S. , Alessandri M. , Campagnolo V. 
Published: May 2005

SYNOPSISThese studies of cluster headache (CH) focus on two key features of pain transmission: a) sensory nerves when stimulated, as well as the expected afferent transmission, also display an efferent function which affects capillaries, glands, and smooth muscle (of the iris in CH); substance P (SP) and allied transmitters such as Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP) and Calcitonin Gene‐Related Peptide (CGRP) are the main agonists of this dual afferent‐efferent function; b) impaired pain transmission (deafferentation‐like condition) provokes a rostral spread of neuronal irritability and automatic firing (“quasi epileptic foci”) producing a clinical predilection for pain with the generation of “spontaneous” pains along the sensory pathways.The substrates studied in the present experiments are the iris, salivary glands, and nasal mucosa. 1) Iris: the conjunctival instillation of SP induces isocoric miosis both in CH sufferers and in normals, thus excluding gross SP receptoral dysfunction of the iris muscle in CH. Electrical stimulation of extraocular (infratrochlear) endings of the first branch of the trigeminal nerve provokes a miosis, which is significantly less in the symptomatic eye than in the contralateral one. This miosis is ascribed to a retrograde release of SP, induced by electrical stimulation of the trigeminal ophthalmic branch. The relatively poor miosis in the painful eye could correlate with a deficient release of SP from the sensory terminals in the iris. 2) Salivary glands: an increase of substance P‐like immunoreactivity is found in the saliva taken from the asymptomatic side, but not from the painful side during a cluster headache attack, thus showing at this level also an asymmetry as previously shown in other head structures. 3) Nasal mucosa: intranasal application of capsaicin, a powerful releaser of SP from sensory terminals, evokes an immediate burning pain in the ipsilateral nasal, ocular, and temporal areas, as well as lacrimation and rhinorrhea. A gradual decrease (tachyphylaxis) of these phenomena is consistently observed after few days of daily nasal administration of capsaicin. When this treatment is applied to CH patients, a rapid decrease in the number and intensity of attacks, and even disappearance of symptoms accompanies the decline of the capsaicin‐induced manifestations. Local (nasal) capsaicin, in spite of evoking immediately the same vegetative (rhinorrhea, lacrimation, conjunctival congestion) and in part nociceptive (transient nasal, ocular, temporal burning) phenomena of CH, never has been able to provoke delayed spontaneous‐CH like attacks. Such delayed provoked attacks, one of the most pregnant phenomena in CH investigations, are almost constantly evoked by systemic stimuli. Besides stimulating speculation the results from capsaicin desensitization encourages a search for better characterization of this novel potential medication.
Brainstem Auditory Evoked Potentials in Migraine‐Evidence of Increased Side Differences During the Pain‐Free Interval
Authors: Schlake H.‐R , Grotemeyer K.‐H. , Hofferberth B. , Husstedt I.W. , Wiesner S. 
Published: May 2005

SYNOPSISBrainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEPs) were recorded in 38 unselected patients (6 m./32 f.; age 18–54 yrs.) with various forms of migraine, during the pain‐free interval. The values were compared to those of 50 control persons (18 m./32 f.; age 17–75 yrs.). Peak latencies (PL I–VI), interpeak latencies (IPL I–III, Ill–V, I–V) and side differences of all peaks (D I–VI) were calculated. In contrast to PL's of migraine patients, all PL's of control persons were normally distributed. In 6 migraine patients (2 with basilar migraine) PL's were pathologically delayed. Statistical analysis did not show any significant difference in regard to PL's and IPL's between migraine patients and controls. However, side differences of all peaks (except peak IV, VI) were significantly increased in migraine patients as compared to controls. Our results indicate a slight but permanent impairment of brainstem function in migraine.
Transient Asymmetries of Steady‐State Visual Evoked Potentials in Classic Migraine
Authors: Nyrke Timo , Kangasniemi Pentti , Lang Heikki 
Published: May 2005

SYNOPSISUnilateral abnormalities in the regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and visual evoked potentials (VEPs) during the visual aura of classic migraine have been reported. On the other hand, there are only few observations suggesting unilateral abnormality of neural function during the headache‐free period. An experiment is described in which the symmetries of steady state VEPs (SVEPs) are compared in healthy subjects and classic migraineurs in the headache‐free interval.In the patients an increased number of strong short‐lasting interhemispheric asymmetries was found. In the serial recordings performed, pathologic recordings were obtained intermittently, usually with complete normalisation in the following session. The incidence of abnormalities was relatively independent of the interval between the recording and attack, except for the next few hours. The findings may be related to instability of occipital cortical function in classic migraine.
Migrainous Limb Pain. A Historical Note.
Authors: Guiloff R.J. , Fruns M. 
Published: May 2005

SYNOPSISUpper and lower limb pain associated to attacks of migraine or cluster headache has been mentioned by many authors since the early descriptions of Liveing, Gowers and Jeliffe. The symptom was also described by Sluder as part of the syndrome of “sphenopalatine ganglion neuralgia.” Several authors in the 1920's and 1930's including Cushing and Harris reported cases currently classifiable as migraine or cluster headache with limb pain, but did not accept the mechanisms for pain proposed by Sluder. The scarcity of more recent reports suggests that many patients with migrainous limb pain may be assumed to have other causes for this pain.
Basilar Artery Migraine Stroke
Authors: Bernsen Hans J.J.A. , Van de Vlasakker Chuck , Verhagen Wim I.M. , Prick Mathé J.J. 
Published: May 2005

SYNOPSISA 25‐year‐old woman with a history of basilar migraine attacks ultimately resulting in a basilar artery migraine stroke is described. Brain computed tomography showed bilateral hypodense lesions in the cerebellar hemispheres. A survey of literature on basilar artery migraine is presented and the relation between stroke and migraine is discussed.
Specific Headache Phenomena: Their Frequency and Coincidence
Authors: Ziegler Dewey K. , Hassanein Ruth S. 
Published: May 2005

SYNOPSISThe correlation of specific headache attack characteristics derived from a standardized questionnaire was studied in a consecutive series of 392 patients attending a headache clinic. In patients reporting headache with aura such attacks tended to be infrequent, and the percentage of their headache attacks that were preceded by aura varied widely, many cases having very low percentages. Paresthesias as auras were uncommon and rarely occurred without visual aura. Unilateral headaches were associated with nausea to widely varying degrees. Most patients reported both unilateral headache and headache with tension characteristics. Definite history of hypertension was significantly correlated specifically with migraine with aura (classic migraine).