bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Law Students and Social Distance towards Migrants and Some Other Relevant Groups in Croatia
Authors: Gregurović Margareta , Mrakovčić Marko 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Increased migration and the effects of the 2015/16 European migration/refugee crisis are reflected in changes in the attitudes towards migrants and members of certain religions. Law students, who are thought to come into contact with the issue of migration in their work, are of greater concern. This paper presents the results of a survey conducted in 2019 among 1st and 4th year law students at four law schools in Croatia. The study aims to determine how close a relationship (on Bogardus’ social distance scale) law students would achieve with the various types of migrants, Roma, and members of different religions. The results show that law students are likely to have the closest relationship with immigrants from North America and Western European countries and express the greatest average distance towards asylum seekers. They associate the greatest social closeness with Catholics. The analyses of the effects of sociodemographic characteristics, contextual indicators, and value orientations and attitudes on social distance imply that nationalism has the strongest effect on all groups.
ANÁLISIS SOBRE LA IDENTIDAD UNIVERSITARIA EN POBLACIÓN EGRESADA DE UNA INSTITUCIÓN MEXICANA DE EDUCACIÓN SUPERIOR
Authors: García Villanueva Jorge , Hernández Ramírez Cludia Ivonne , Vargas Pérez Martha Karina 
Published: January 2024

La presente investigación buscó caracterizar la identidad universitaria que tenía un grupo de personas egresadas de una institución mexicana de educación superior enfocada en la formación profesional educativa. La investigación fue descriptiva, el enfoque y la metodología fue cualitativa para comprender e interpretar la realidad desde el contexto de estudio, así como las emociones y la naturaleza de las experiencias personales del estudiantado. La muestra quedó conformada por un total de 9 participantes; 8 mujeres y 1 hombre. Los criterios de inclusión fueron que pertenecieran al sistema escolarizado y a una de las licenciaturas con mayor matrícula (Psicología Educativa, Pedagogía y Administración Educativa), que su período de egreso no fuera mayor a un año, provenir del turno vespertino y que su participación fuera voluntaria. Se realizaron y analizaron 9 entrevistas a profundidad mediante 6 categorías de análisis: institución, vida académica, identidad universitaria, sentido de pertenencia, elementos identitarios y espacios. En los resultados se identificó que la identidad La presente investigación buscó caracterizar la identidad universitaria que tenía un grupo de personas egresadas de una institución mexicana de educación superior enfocada en la formación profesional educativa. La investigación fue descriptiva, el enfoque y la metodología fue cualitativa para comprender e interpretar la realidad desde el contexto de estudio, así como las emociones y la naturaleza de las experiencias personales del estudiantado. La muestra quedó conformada por un total de 9 participantes; 8 mujeres y 1 hombre. Los criterios de inclusión fueron que pertenecieran al sistema escolarizado y a una de las licenciaturas con mayor matrícula (Psicología Educativa, Pedagogía y Administración Educativa), que su período de egreso no fuera mayor a un año, provenir del turno vespertino y que su participación fuera voluntaria. Se realizaron y analizaron 9 entrevistas a profundidad mediante 6 categorías de análisis: institución, vida académica, identidad universitaria, sentido de pertenencia, elementos identitarios y espacios. En los resultados se identificó que la identidad
Trayectorias de Envejecimiento
Authors: García Rosete Moises , Guzmán Caballero Enid Asvany , Álvarez Hernández Helí Jesset , Guerrero Díaz del Castillo Juan Jaime , Rodríguez Saldívar Diana Ivonne 
Published: February 2024

Introducción: El envejecimiento es heterogéneo por ello es necesario disponer de indicadores de la trayectoria los cuales se apliquen en la gerontoprofilaxis.
Objetivo: Valorar las trayectorias de envejecimiento de un grupo de adultos mayores de la Casa de Día del DIF, Toluca y de la consulta de Geriatría del hospital general ISSTE, Toluca.
Método: Estudio de tipo cuantitativo, descriptivo, transversal y analítico, se analizó una muestra de 40 personas adultas mayores por conveniencia de ambos géneros entre 60-90 años a quienes se les aplicó previo consentimiento informado un cuestionario sobre variables sociodemográficas como: sexo, edad, consumo de fármacos, presencia de enfermedades y capacidad para realizar actividades básicas e instrumentales de la vida diaria; la valoración de la trayectoria de envejecimiento se realizó con apoyo de la “Escala clínica de fragilidad Dalhousie University”, el índice de Katz y la escala de Lawton y Brody así como con indicadores referidos por expertos en el tema de envejecimiento como Rowe y Kahn, Petretto, Havighurst, López, Alvarado y Carrazco.a bien de clasificar a las personas en alguna de las siete trayectorias de envejecimiento posibles: saludable, exitoso, activo, normal, frágil, patológico y dependiente, se descartaron las personas que no aportaran información completa o que presentaran demencia.
Resultados: El 80% de los participantes fueron mujeres, la media de edad fue de 76 años. Los adultos mayores de 71 a 80 años toman desde 3 a 10 fármacos y padecen más de una enfermedad, 46% mostró algún grado de fragilidad lo cual afecta la trayectoria vital. Las trayectorias de envejecimiento que predominaron son: envejecimiento patológico (23%) y envejecimiento normal (23%).
Conclusiones: La polifarmacia y las comorbilidades inciden en el desarrollo de trayectorias de envejecimiento negativas como la frágil y la patológica lo que deteriora la calidad de vida y productividad de las personas a medida que envejecen. La trayectoria de envejecimiento es un predictor de la calidad de vida de gastos sanitarios, dependencia y de necesidades de cuidado.
Intervención educativa de enfermería para la prevención de cáncer de mama en una comunidad
Authors: Vázquez Jacqueline Felipe , Benhumea Jaramillo Liliana Ines , Rojas Espinoza Jessica Belen 
Published: February 2024

Introducción: Las estrategias de prevención y detección precoz son recomendadas para mejorar el pronóstico y la supervivencia de las pacientes con cáncer de mama.
Objetivo: Implementar intervenciones educativas de enfermería para la prevención del cáncer de mama en mujeres de 20-50 años de edad en la Comunidad de San Pedro de los Baños, Ixtlahuaca.
Metodología: Estudio cuantitativo, con diseño descriptivo-transversal. La muestra se conformó de 35 mujeres de 20 a 50 años de edad, en la comunidad de San Pedro de los Baños; se aplicó un cuestionario con 17 ítems de opción múltiple y preguntas abiertas, esto con la finalidad de tener un diagnóstico de lo que las mujeres conocían sobre el cáncer de mama, para después planear las intervenciones de educación y llevarlo a la práctica.
Resultados: Mediante los temas y la información sobre prevención de cáncer de mama brindada a las mujeres, se apoyó la realización de estilos de vida saludable y el autocuidado.
Conclusiones: El acompañamiento del profesional de enfermería en intervenciones educativas mediante sesiones de capacitación para la prevención de cáncer de mama, a fin de informar a las mujeres sobre los factores de riesgo que desencadenan este tumor maligno que se puede desarrollar a una temprana edad, favorece la prevención y el autocuidado de las mismas.
Cardioprotective Effects of Rutin and Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Acetaminophen Induced Cardiac Enzymatic Damage in Rats
Authors: Elduob Dr. Rabihah E. A , Alshailabi Dr. Eda M. A , Efkeren Dr. Samia M 
Published: February 2024

The aims of study to determine the cardioprotective effects of rutin and mesenchymal stem cells on acetaminophen induced cardiac enzymatic damage in rats. seventy male rats were divided into two studies. One: twenty young male rats were used as a source of bone marrow-derived MSCs. Two: fifty adult male rats were divided into five groups: G1: control group; G2: rats were given of PARA (750 mg/kg b.w.) every 72h orally for 21 days, then left for 30 and 60 days without any treatment; G3: rats were given of PARA then, administrated of rutin (25mg/kg b.w/d) for 30 and 60 days; G4: rats were given of PARA then, injected by BM-MSCs (1.5x 106 cells in 0.5 PBS) in the tail vein for 30 and 60 days, and G5: rats were given of PARA then, injected by BM-MSCs in the tail vein, and then administrated of rutin orally for 30 and 60 days. Treated by the PARA showed, a significant increased the CK-MB and LDH levels when compared with normal rats at 30 and 60 days. While, the PARA+MSCs+RTN group showed, a significant decrease in the CK-MB and LDH levels as compared with other groups rats at 30 and 60 days. Rats treated with both MSCs and RTN after treated by PARA showed, a markedly improved in cardiac enzymes activity.
Comparative Study between the Effect of Short Term and Long Term Exposure to Cotton Dust on Pulmonary Function Tests in Cotton Mill Workers
Authors: Kadam Charulata  
Published: January 2024

Background
Byssinosis is the most common disease affecting the cotton textile workers; symptom complexes like mill fever, weaver's cough, mattress-maker‘s cough, also occur in textile workers. 1Cotton workers are at risk for occupational lung disease, including byssinosis and chronic bronchitis3. The present study was done to compare the effect of short term exposure and long term exposure to cotton dust in cotton mill workers and suggest precautions them to prevent this.
Objective
To compare the effect of short term and long term exposure to cotton dust on pulmonary function tests in cotton mill workers.
Method
In this study, one group of fifty workers exposed for short term duration and other sixty four, for long term duration exposure were examined for PFTs of age 25–50 years. PFTs were carried out using spirometer.
Results or observations
The present study found that there is statistically significant difference in PFTs between the short term exposed group and long term exposure group of 25–50 years age.
Discussion & conclusion
The results of the present study helped us to understand and compare the shortterm and long term exposure group better and suggest workers to take precautions to avoid more subtle effects that can occur.
Study of Minute Ventilation, Maximum Voluntary Ventilation and Dyspneic Index During Pregnancy: An Observational, Prospective and Comparative Study
Authors: Neelima Kumari, Ashutosh Kumar, Manish Kumar  
Published: January 2024

Introduction
This study was designed to evaluate the Minute ventilation (MV). Maximum Voluntary Ventilation (MVV) & Dyspneic Index (DI) in different trimesters of pregnancy and compare the results with non pregnant control group.
Materials and Method
This study was carried out in 80 healthy women in the age range of 20–40 years with 20 subjects each in 1st, 2nd, 3rd trimesters of pregnancy and non-pregnant control group. The respiratory parameters were recorded in study and control groups. Statistical analysis was done by SPSS Software Package.
Results
It was observed that there was a significant decrease in MVV and dyspneic index (DI) in all trimesters of pregnancy and an insignificant variation in MV when compared to the control group. These changes are due to pressure of enlarging gravid uterus, elevating the diaphragm and restricting the movements of lungs thus hampering forceful expiration. The decrease seen in MVV in 1st trimester might be due to the effect of bronchoconstriction due to decreased alveolar Pco2.
Conclusions
Decrease in respiratory parameters was seen particularly in first trimester of pregnancy compared to 2nd & 3rd. The normal Minute Ventilation tries to maintain the respiratory need of pregnancy at rest. At increased physiological needs of respiration or during exercise the decreased Maximum Voluntary Ventilation makes pregnant female dyspneic.
A Study on Effect of Acute Exercise on Pulmonary Function Tests of First Year M.B.B.S. Students
Authors: Mumtaz Gowhar, Iram Jaan  
Published: January 2024

Background
One of the most common stress on human body is exercise. It places a major demand on the cardiopulmonary system. The most practical test of assessing the respiratory function is spirometry. The present study was carried out to know the effect of acute excercises on pulmonary function test in 90 1st year M. B. B. S. students (M=46, F=44). The changes in PFTs before and after acute exercise of 6 minutes (Harward's step test) of those students were recorded. Results were analyzed using paired and unpaired t-test
Results
No significant changes were observed in all the four groups before and after exercise in males. However the post exercise values of FVC and VC were reduced than the baseline values in overweight and obese females (p < 0.01).
Conclusion
Acute exercise did not significantly affect the respiratory parameters. However the BMI of the individual may significantly influence the ventilatory response to acute exercise in otherwise healthy individuals.
Distinguishing Oceans of Water from Magma on Mini-Neptune K2-18b
Authors: Shorttle Oliver , Jordan Sean , Nicholls Harrison , Lichtenberg Tim , Bower Dan J. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Mildly irradiated mini-Neptunes have densities potentially consistent with them hosting substantial liquid-water oceans (“Hycean” planets). The presence of CO2 and simultaneous absence of ammonia (NH3) in their atmospheres has been proposed as a fingerprint of such worlds. JWST observations of K2-18b, the archetypal Hycean, have found the presence of CO2 and the depletion of NH3 to <100 ppm; hence, it has been inferred that this planet may host liquid-water oceans. In contrast, climate modeling suggests that many of these mini-Neptunes, including K2-18b, may likely be too hot to host liquid water. We propose a solution to this discrepancy between observation and climate modeling by investigating the effect of a magma ocean on the atmospheric chemistry of mini-Neptunes. We demonstrate that atmospheric NH3 depletion is a natural consequence of the high solubility of nitrogen species in magma at reducing conditions; precisely the conditions prevailing where a thick hydrogen envelope is in communication with a molten planetary surface. The magma ocean model reproduces the present JWST spectrum of K2-18b to ≲3σ, suggesting this is as credible an explanation for current observations as the planet hosting a liquid-water ocean. Spectral areas that could be used to rule out the magma ocean model include the >4 μm region, where CO2 and CO features dominate: magma ocean models suggest a systematically lower CO2/CO ratio than estimated from free-chemistry retrieval, indicating that deeper observations of this spectral region may be able to distinguish between oceans of liquid water and magma on mini-Neptunes.
Diffuse Light in Milky Way–like Haloes
Authors: Contini Emanuele , Han San , Jeon Seyoung , Rhee Jinsu , Yi Sukyoung K. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
We investigate the diffuse light (DL) content of dark matter haloes in the mass range

11.5
≤
log

M

halo

≤
13

, a range that also includes the dark matter halo of the Milky Way, taking advantage of a state-of-the-art semianalytic model run on the merger trees extracted from a set of high-resolution cosmological simulations. The fraction of DL in such relatively small haloes is found to progressively decrease from the high- to the low-mass end, in good agreement with analytic and numerical results from simulations, and in good agreement also with the fraction of the DL observed in the Milky Way and M31. Haloes with different masses have different efficiencies in producing DL:

log

M

halo

≃
13

is found to be the characteristic halo mass where the production of DL is the most efficient, while the overall efficiency decreases at both larger and smaller scales (this work). The DL content in this range of halo mass is the result of stellar stripping due to tidal interaction between satellites and their hosts (95%) and mergers between satellites and the central galaxy (5%), with preprocessed material, a subchannel of mergers and stripping, and so already included in the 100%, that contributes no more than 8% on average. The halo concentration is the main driver of the DL formation: more concentrated haloes have higher DL fractions that come from the stripping of more massive satellites in the high-halo-mass end, while dwarfs contribute mostly in the low-halo-mass end.
Noncompliance to spectacle wear among adults − Delta region, Egypt
Authors: Soliman Shaimaa S. , Barakat Ayah M. , Wasfy Tamer E. , Abdelwanees Sally 
Published: February 2024

Background
Spectacles are one of the corrective measures for different errors of refraction. A great proportion of people worldwide are blind due to having a high-refractive error while they neglect using the appropriate corrective measures. The aim is to study the prevalence of noncompliance to spectacle wear and its predisposing factors among adults with refractive errors in Menoufia and Gharbeya Governorates.

Patients and methods
A cross-sectional study performed in Menoufia and Gharbeya Governorates included 290 adults recruited from government and private ophthalmological centers. Data were collected through a predesigned questionnaire asking about personal data, ophthalmological data, measures of compliance, and predisposing factors to noncompliance.

Results
About 38% of the participants were noncompliant to eyeglasses wearing. Among noncompliant, personal causes represented 63.1%, followed by spectacle-related causes (22.5%) and financial causes (14.4%). Rural residence and illiteracy were significantly higher among noncompliant participants. Multivariate analysis revealed that secondary and higher education were independent protective factors against noncompliance.

Conclusion
Noncompliance to spectacle wear was high and was significantly related to rural residence and higher levels of education.
Oral Health Inequalities among and Within Neo-Marxian Social Classes in South Korea: A Nationwide Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Novrinda Herry , Han Dong-Hun 
Published: February 2024

Introduction:
The objectives of this study were to examine the association between the neo-Marxian social class (NMSC) and oral health indicators, to determine the role of mediating factors in social class inequalities, and to assess the relationship between a combination of two subjective indicators and normative dental treatment needs (NDTN) according to the NMSC.

Methods:
Data were from the 4th Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007–2009 with 6710 respondents aged 19–54. The outcomes were self-reported oral health (SROH), self-perceived unmet dental needs (SPUDN), and NDTN. Material (M), psychosocial (PSY), health behavior (HB), and workplace environment were used as mediating factors for SROH and SPUDN. The combination of both outcomes was used in the analysis along with NDTN.

Results:
Non-skilled groups (10%) and petty bourgeoisie (13.2%) had lower proportions of good SROH as well as the highest proportion of SPUDN (48.5% and 48.7%). Further, expert supervisors reported the highest good SROH (22.6%). The M factor (odds ratio [OR] 1.52 [1.24–1.86]) was the highest in several social classes. Managers had a higher probability of SPUDN (OR 1.27 [0.84–1.92]) than the others. Unhealthy patients – except capitalists – had the highest ORs (7.05 [3.89–12.78]), particularly significantly for NDTN. The pattern of the OR was V-shaped, J-shaped, and increasing shape.

Conclusion:
There was non-gradient inequality among Korean workforces. The M, PSY, and HB appeared to play an important role. SPUDN appears to be a better indicator for NDTN and disadvantaged groups among Korean workforces was revealed.
Health Risk Awareness of Electronic Waste: A Cross-sectional Study among Smartphone Users in the Lake Zone, Tanzania
Authors: Walwa Budodi Walwa , Mahia Abdallah Shaban , Macha Clara Abraham , Chondi Dishon Mussa , Dumulinyi Tulamwona Exaud 
Published: February 2024

Introduction:
Electronic waste (e-waste) poses a growing global concern with significant health and environmental implications. This study examined e-waste awareness among smartphone users in Tanzania's Lake Zone using phones with e-waste components.

Methods:
A cross-sectional study categorized participants into three groups: agricultural farmers, smartphone traders, and livestock keepers. The research took place from May to June 2023, involving a semi-structured interviewer-administered questionnaire that integrated a combination of open-ended and closed-ended questions for data collection. The study investigates e-waste health risk awareness among 288 smartphone users, including 71 business owners, 115 farmers, and 102 livestock keepers. Semi-structured questionnaire was used to gather data on sociodemographics and e-waste-related knowledge, attitudes, and practices). The data were analyzed through two-way analysis of variance.

Results:
Among the 288 surveyed smartphone users, 56.2% (n = 162) were males, 43.8% (n = 126) were females, and 60.1% (n = 173) were young adults aged 18–37 years. Phone usage experience is positively correlated with higher. However, its effects on attitudes (P = 0.148, ŋ² = 0.19) and practices (P = 0.086, ŋ² = 0.24) are relatively smaller. In addition, urban residential location impacts knowledge (P = 0.006, ŋ² 0.15) and attitudes (P = 0.003, ŋ² 0.08) related to e-waste health risks but does not significantly affect e-waste-related practices P = 0.095, ŋ² = 0.09).

Conclusion:
Initiatives should target individuals with limited smartphone exposure, addressing knowledge gaps while considering the geographical context and challenges in both rural and urban areas to improve e-waste awareness.
Management of complications of sutureless intrascleral intraocular lens fixation
Authors: Cheng Chia-Yi , Chou Yu-Bai , Tsai Chia-Ying , Hsieh Ming-Hung , Hsiao Chia-Chieh , Lai Tso-Ting 
Published: February 2024

Abstract:

PURPOSE:
The purpose of the study was to report the complications of sutureless intrascleral (SIS) intraocular lens (IOL) fixation and its management.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
A multicenter, retrospective, consecutive interventional case series of patients with intra or postoperative complications after SIS IOL fixation during the technical learning curve of vitreoretinal surgeons from three Taiwanese referral hospitals. The used surgical techniques were the Scharioth technique for intrascleral tunnel fixation, Yamane technique (double-needle scleral fixation), and modified Yamane technique (double-needle flanged haptic scleral fixation). The IOL models and surgical instruments used as well as each patient’s ocular characteristics and complication management were recorded.

RESULTS:
Of the eight included patients, the complications of 3 (37.5%) and 5 (62.5%) were noted intraoperatively and postoperatively, respectively. Haptic-related complications, including haptic breakage, slippage, and haptic disinsertion, occurred in six eyes. Other complications included uveitis–glaucoma–hyphema syndrome, retinal detachment, and IOL tilt. For the two patients with haptic slippage, repositioning was achieved using a modified cow-hitch technique that resulted in favorable IOL centration and restored visual acuity.

CONCLUSION:
Most complications surgeons encountered during their early exposure to SIS IOL fixation were haptic related. Surgeons should be aware of such complications to prevent and manage them during surgery. Our modified cow-hitch technique could be used to reposition IOLs with unilateral haptic slippage.