bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of horizontal resolution on the simulations of convective development over land
Authors: Petch J. C. , Brown A. R. , Gray M. E. B. 
Published: November 2002

AbstractCloud‐resolving models (CRMs) can be used to provide subgrid information for use in improving the representation of the development of convection in large‐scale models. However, for the CRM to be of value, it must itself give an accurate representation of the processes involved. In the work presented here we focus on the development of convection in simulations of both shallow and deep convection over land and consider sensitivity to the horizontal resolution in a CRM. In both shallow and deep cases it is found to be necessary to provide adequate resolution of the sub‐cloud layer in order to obtain a satisfactory representation of the transport of moisture from the sub‐cloud layer into the free troposphere. Typically this requires the horizontal grid spacings to be no coarser than around one quarter of the sub‐cloud layer depth. Poorer resolution with the present model leads to significant delays in the development of convection. While a more sophisticated subgrid scheme could reduce the sensitivity to resolution, the work here has shown the resolution required to explicitly resolve the key processes. Using this improved resolution may be one technique for reducing the discrepancies between some model results and observations reported in earlier studies. © Crown copyright, 2002. Royal Meteorological Society
Aircraft measurements and numerical simulations of mountain waves over the central Alps: A pre‐MAP test case
Authors: Doyle James D. , Volkert Hans , Dörnbrack Andreas , Hoinka Klaus P. , Hogan Timothy F. 
Published: November 2002

AbstractIn preparation for the field phase of the Mesoscale Alpine Project (MAP), in situ research‐aircraft observations from the DLR Falcon, and three‐dimensional high‐resolution numerical simulations are used to investigate mountain waves generated during a south föhn event on 10 October 1987. The model simulation qualitatively compares favourably with the aircraft observations in terms of identifying the horizontal and vertical locations of maximum gravity‐wave amplitude and rapid decay of wave amplitudes in the lower stratosphere. However, even with reasonably specified large‐scale conditions, the vertical velocity and temperature perturbations are not in quantitative agreement with the aircraft measurements. The results highlight some deficiencies that still exist in our predictive capability to simulate gravity‐wave generation and propagation explicitly over three‐dimensional topography for non‐steady conditions. The complexity of the gravity‐wave response points toward the necessity of a straightforward aircraft observing strategy that features linear flight segments oriented along the cross‐mountain wind direction, a rapid repetition of these segments in order to assess the significance of transients, and a combination of in situ measurements with remote‐sensing data (e.g. from lidar systems and dropsondes), an approach that was successfully applied during the MAP. Copyright © 2002 Royal Meteorological Society
Trap‐Assisted Exciton Dissociation Through Continuous Trapping/Detrapping in Lithium Ions Inserted Crystalline Carbon Nitride
Authors: Zhang Guoqiang , Xu Yangsen , Zhang Peixin , He Chuanxin , Mi Hongwei 
Published: January 2024

AbstractHere, lithium ions inserted crystalline carbon nitrides (LCCN) with different defect concentrations are prepared by elaborately regulating the mass transfer process in thermal polymerization. It is revealed that there is no conventional exciton–polarons‐induced exciton dissociation mechanism in LCCN due to the weak coupling between excitons and phonons. On the contrary, excitons continue to trap/detrap through defect‐induced traps, which weakens the Coulomb force between electron–hole pairs, thereby accelerating exciton dissociation. It is worth emphasizing that this is the first systematic research on the exciton dissociation characteristics and photocatalytic activity of LCCN of poly(heptazine imide) structure. A strategy of assisting exciton dissociation through defect‐induced traps to address the inherently high exciton binding energy and low exciton dissociation efficiency issues in polymer photocatalysts is proposed.
Synthetic Particulate Subunit Vaccines for the Prevention of Q Fever
Authors: Sam Gayathri , Plain Karren , Chen Shuxiong , Islam Aminul , Westman Mark E. , Marsh Ian , Stenos John , Graves Stephen R. , Rehm Bernd H. A. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractCoxiella burnetti is an intracellular bacterium that causes Q fever, a disease of worldwide importance. Q‐VAX®, the approved human Q fever vaccine, is a whole cell vaccine associated with safety concerns. Here a safe particulate subunit vaccine candidate is developed that is ambient‐temperature stable and can be cost‐effectively manufactured. Endotoxin‐free Escherichia coli is bioengineered to efficiently self‐assemble biopolymer particles (BPs) that are densely coated with either strings of 18 T‐cell epitopes (COX‐BP) or two full‐length immunodominant antigens (YbgF‐BP‐Com1) all derived from C. burnetii. BP vaccine candidates are ambient‐temperature stable. Safety and immunogenicity are confirmed in mice and guinea pig (GP) models. YbgF‐BP‐Com1 elicits specific and strong humoral immune responses in GPs with IgG titers that are at least 1 000 times higher than those induced by Q‐VAX®. BP vaccine candidates are not reactogenic. After challenge with C. burnetii, YbgF‐BP‐Com1 vaccine leads to reduced fever responses and pathogen burden in the liver and the induction of proinflammatory cytokines IL‐12 and IFN‐γ inducible protein (IP‐10) when compared to negative control groups. These data suggest that YbgF‐BP‐Com1 induces functional immune responses reducing infection by C. burnetii. Collectively, these findings illustrate the potential of BPs as effective antigen carrier for Q fever vaccine development.
The role of electrical current mode in calcium carbonate deposition on conductive carbon nanofiber–epoxy coating
Authors: Edvardsen Laura , Grandcolas Mathieu , Lædre Sigrid , Yang Juan , Lange Torstein , Bjørge Ruben , Gaweł Kamila 
Published: January 2024

AbstractCalcium carbonate is one of the most common scaling minerals. In this paper we have used different electrical current modes (direct current [DC], pulsed DC, and alternating current [AC]) to control the amount, morphology, and distribution of calcium carbonate deposit on electroconductive epoxy/carbon nanofiber (CNF) coating. The effect of different current modes on surface scaling was visualized using scanning electron microscopy. It has been shown that both AC and DC anodic polarization limited scale deposition on epoxy/CNF coated surfaces, although the mechanisms of scale inhibition during AC and DC polarization were different. DC polarization of the coating at +2 V resulted in the smallest scale buildup without leading to coating degradation, while DC polarization at potentials as high as +5 V caused the coating to degrade. Interestingly, application of pulsed DC with high pulse frequency (50 Hz) inhibited the degradation. The type of current applied affected also the morphology of the precipitate at the cathode. The results presented in this work show, for the first time, how different modes of electrical current applied to electroconductive composite coatings can be used to control the morphology and distribution of calcium carbonate scale, and how the organic coating degradation at high polarization potentials can be avoided.
Real‐world analysis of the relationships between smoking, lung cancer stigma, and emotional functioning
Authors: Chansky Kari , Rigney Maureen , King Jennifer C. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIntroductionPeople diagnosed with lung cancer experience high rates of distress, which can be compounded by the stigma of the disease. This study assessed a real‐world population to understand patient‐reported emotional functioning, types of stigma experienced, and relationship with smoking history.MethodsQuestionnaires using validated survey tools assessing demographics, smoking history, stigma, and quality of life (EORTC QLQ‐C30 Emotional Functioning Scale) were analyzed from 539 global participants in the Lung Cancer Registry between November 2019 and July 2022. The associations between smoking history and self‐reported internalized and perceived stigma and constrained disclosure of lung cancer diagnosis, as well as the potential impact of stigma on emotional functioning, were examined using multivariable logistic regression models.ResultsAmong the broad geographic mix of study participants, all types of lung cancer stigma were associated with decreased emotional functioning due to a combination of factors including depression, anxiety, stress, and irritability. Participants who reported a history of current or former smoking experienced higher levels of internalized stigma and perceived stigma. Constrained disclosure about a diagnosis was common, associated with decreased emotional functioning, and not related to a history of smoking. Smoking status itself was not associated with reduced emotional functioning, implicating the role of stigma in distress.ConclusionsIn this study, all types of lung cancer stigma were associated with clinically important decreases in emotional functioning. This impact was not dependent on smoking history. Internalized and perceived stigma were associated with the presence of a smoking history. These findings have implications for proper psychosocial care of people diagnosed with lung cancer.
Development and validation of a nomogram for predicting immune‐related pneumonitis after sintilimab treatment
Authors: Hong Baohui , Chen Rong , Zheng Caiyun , Liu Maobai , Yang Jing 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundImmune‐related pneumonitis is a rare and potentially fatal adverse event associated with sintilimab. We aimed to develop and validate a nomogram for predicting the risk of immune‐related pneumonitis in patients treated with sintilimab.MethodsThe least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression was used to determine risk factors. Multivariable logistic regression was used to establish a prediction model. Its clinical validity was evaluated using calibration, discrimination, decision, and clinical impact curves. Internal validation was performed against the validation set and complete dataset.ResultsThe study included 632 patients; 59 were diagnosed with immune‐related pneumonitis. LASSO regression analysis identified that the risk factors for immune‐related pneumonitis were pulmonary metastases (odds ratio [OR], 4.015; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.725–9.340) and metastases at >3 sites (OR, 2.687; 95% CI: 1.151–6.269). The use of combined antibiotics (OR, 0.247; 95% CI: 0.083–0.738) and proton pump inhibitors (OR, 0.420; 95% CI: 0.211–0.837) were protective factors. The decision and clinical impact curves showed that the nomogram had clinical value for patients treated with sintilimab.ConclusionsWe have developed and validated a practical nomogram model of sintilimab‐associated immune‐related pneumonitis, which provides clinical value for determining the risk of immune‐related pneumonitis and facilitating the safe administration of sintilimab therapy.
Enzyme Mimics Based on Guanidinocalix[4]arene/ Nanodiamond Hybrid Systems with Phosphodiesterase Activity
Authors: Vezzoni Carlo Alberto , Casnati Alessandro , Orlanducci Silvia , Sansone Francesco , Salvio Riccardo 
Published: January 2024

AbstractDiamond nanoparticles are an extremely promising class of carbon‐based nanomaterials. Because of their versatility, they have an interest in a large variety of applications, however, their use in the fabrication of enzyme mimics was not previously investigated. In this study, we realized hybrid systems based on guanidinium derivatives and diamond nanoparticles by simple adsorption of the organic material on their surface. The guanidinium derivatives chosen for this study are calix[4]arenes, blocked in the cone conformation via functionalization at the lower rim with alkyl chains, and decorated with guanidinium or arginine units at the upper rim. The corresponding monofunctional counterparts were also investigated as model compounds. These materials were characterized with different experimental techniques, i. e. thermogravimetric analysis, dynamic light scattering, ζ‐potential measurements and IR/Raman spectroscopy. Their catalytic properties in the cleavage of phosphodiesters were investigated by an in‐depth kinetic analysis. The whole experimental picture points to conclude that these compounds are stably adsorbed onto the nanodiamonds surface and are active in the transesterification reaction of the RNA model compound 2‐hydroxypropyl p‐nitrophenyl phosphate in water, with a notable advantage over their catalytic performances at the same concentration in solution.
Simulation of collision behaviour between droplet and solid surface in liquid phase environment
Authors: Jin Hang , Li Jun , Jia Pengyu , Hu Yanhua , Zhan Shuifen 
Published: January 2024

AbstractProcesses involving dispersed immiscible fluids occur across the traditional onshore and offshore crude oil development phases, including oil exploitation and production, gathering and transportation, and station and field processing. The stabilities of such processes are deeply influenced by the collision and film drainage between separated phase interfaces. Due to factors such as gravity as well as buoyancy and resistance, droplets usually collide with the wall at a relatively high speed and experience one or several rebounds before gradually stabilizing and staying on the surface. Though work related to this aspect has raised significant attention, further research on the force‐deformation behaviour between microsized (r ≈50 μm) droplets and solid surface under the influence of the above factors is still lacking and strongly demanded. In this paper, under the comprehensive influence of flow driving, an emulsified water droplet colliding with a solid surface in silicon oil is modelled. The dynamic behaviour of the droplet was analyzed by coupling the Stokes–Reynolds drainage equation, the generalized Young–Laplace equation, and the force situation of the deformable droplet. Furthermore, the effects of interfacial tension, collision velocity, and viscosity of continuous phase on the collision characteristics of droplet were analyzed, and it was found that these factors could significantly change the collision characteristics of droplet.
Deoxygenation of Oxiranes by λ3σ3‐Phosphorus Reagents: A Computational, Mechanistic, and Stereochemical Study
Authors: Ferao Arturo Espinosa 
Published: January 2024

AbstractInvited for this month's cover is Prof. Arturo Espinosa Ferao at the University of Murcia, Spain. The cover picture shows two different ways of reacting a phosphane (R3P) with the oxirane (epoxide) ring. They arise from phosphorus attacking either the carbon or oxygen ring atoms and promoting carbene or oxygen transfer reactions with eliminations of H2C=O or CH2=CH2, respectively. More information can be found in the Research Article by Arturo Espinosa Ferao .
Quantitative evaluation of China's energy supply policies in the ‘13th Five‐Year Plan’ period (2016–2020): A PMC index modelling approach incorporating text mining
Authors: Cheng Quan , Chen Zhongzhen , Lin Minwang , Wang Haiyan 
Published: January 2024

AbstractEnergy supply policy quality is an important factor that would impact national energy security. While existing research conducted policy evaluation from the lens of performance assessment, less study has been devoted to evaluating energy supply policy from the perspective of policy making. This study takes the energy supply policy documents issued by China's central government during the ‘13th Five‐Year Plan’ period (2016–2020) as the research sample, and pioneers the use of the extended policy modelling consistency (PMC) index model combined with the text mining methodology to construct a policy evaluation index system with the characteristics of the energy supply policy which conducts a more in‐depth quantitative evaluation of the energy supply policy documents. The results show that the average PMC index value of China's energy supply policies is 7.26, and the overall quality is high. The concerns of existing policies are mainly focused on reform and development planning, safety production management and project engineering construction, but there is still room for improvement in policy predictability, coordination of policy areas, clarity of policy basis and goals and comprehensiveness of policy tool combinations. Based on this, China should improve the comprehensiveness of its energy supply policy tool combinations in terms of policy design norm; strengthen policy predictability and coordination of policy areas in terms of policy implementation guarantee; and clarify the basis and goals of policies in terms of policy orientation enhancement, to provide a reference basis for the formulation and improvement of future energy supply policies and to realise the sustainable development of energy supply.
Relationship between topological efficiency of white matter structural connectome and plasma biomarkers across the Alzheimer's disease continuum
Authors: Zhang Mingkai , Chen Haojie , Huang Weijie , Guo Tengfei , Ma Guolin , Han Ying , Shu Ni 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBoth plasma biomarkers and brain network topology have shown great potential in the early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the specific associations between plasma AD biomarkers, structural network topology, and cognition across the AD continuum have yet to be fully elucidated. This retrospective study evaluated participants from the Sino Longitudinal Study of Cognitive Decline cohort between September 2009 and October 2022 with available blood samples or 3.0‐T MRI brain scans. Plasma biomarker levels were measured using the Single Molecule Array platform, including β‐amyloid (Aβ), phosphorylated tau181 (p‐tau181), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and neurofilament light chain (NfL). The topological structure of brain white matter was assessed using network efficiency. Trend analyses were carried out to evaluate the alterations of the plasma markers and network efficiency with AD progression. Correlation and mediation analyses were conducted to further explore the relationships among plasma markers, network efficiency, and cognitive performance across the AD continuum. Among the plasma markers, GFAP emerged as the most sensitive marker (linear trend: t = 11.164, p = 3.59 × 10−24; quadratic trend: t = 7.708, p = 2.25 × 10−13; adjusted R2 = 0.475), followed by NfL (linear trend: t = 6.542, p = 2.9 × 10−10; quadratic trend: t = 3.896, p = 1.22 × 10−4; adjusted R2 = 0.330), p‐tau181 (linear trend: t = 8.452, p = 1.61 × 10−15; quadratic trend: t = 6.316, p = 1.05 × 10−9; adjusted R2 = 0.346) and Aβ42/Aβ40 (linear trend: t = −3.257, p = 1.27 × 10−3; quadratic trend: t = −1.662, p = 9.76 × 10−2; adjusted R2 = 0.101). Local efficiency decreased in brain regions across the frontal and temporal cortex and striatum. The principal component of local efficiency within these regions was correlated with GFAP (Pearson's R = −0.61, p = 6.3 × 10−7), NfL (R = −0.57, p = 6.4 × 10−6), and p‐tau181 (R = −0.48, p = 2.0 × 10−4). Moreover, network efficiency mediated the relationship between general cognition and GFAP (ab = −0.224, 95% confidence interval [CI] = [−0.417 to −0.029], p = .0196 for MMSE; ab = −0.198, 95% CI = [−0.42 to −0.003], p = .0438 for MOCA) or NfL (ab = −0.224, 95% CI = [−0.417 to −0.029], p = .0196 for MMSE; ab = −0.198, 95% CI = [−0.42 to −0.003], p = .0438 for MOCA). Our findings suggest that network efficiency mediates the association between plasma biomarkers, specifically GFAP and NfL, and cognitive performance in the context of AD progression, thus highlighting the potential utility of network‐plasma approaches for early detection, monitoring, and intervention strategies in the management of AD.
Maternal postnatal depressive symptoms and early achievement of developmental milestones in infants and young children: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Racine Nicole , Wu Pauline , Pagaling Rachel , O'Reilly Hannah , Brunet Ganaëlle , Birken Catherine S. , Lorenzetti Diane L. , Madigan Sheri 
Published: January 2024

AbstractScreening for social determinants of health, including maternal depression, is a recommended pediatric practice. However, the magnitude of association between maternal and child screening tools remains to be determined. The current study evaluated the association between maternal postnatal depressive symptoms and child developmental milestones, as well as moderators of these associations. A comprehensive search strategy was carried out in four databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, APA PsycINFO, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials) from database inception to September 2022. Studies that examine postnatal depressive symptoms and associations with infant and early child (<6 years) achievement of developmental milestones were included. Data were extracted by two independent coders and a random‐effects meta‐analysis was used to estimate pooled effect sizes and test for moderators. A total of 38 non‐overlapping studies (95,897 participants), all focused on maternal postnatal depression, met inclusion criteria. The pooled effect size for the association between postnatal depressive symptoms and early achievement of infant and child developmental milestones (N = 38; r = −.12; 95% CI = −.18, −.06) was small in magnitude. Child age at maternal depression measurement was a moderator, whereby effect sizes became greater for older children. Despite small effects, maternal postnatal depressive symptoms should be included in screening during routine well‐child visits to enhance child development outcomes.
Dynamic fluorescence molecular tomography metabolic parameters solution based on problem decomposition and prior refactor
Authors: Wei Xiao , Guo Hongbo , Zhao Yizhe , Wang Beilei , Yu Jingjing , He Xiaowei 
Published: January 2024

AbstractDynamic fluorescence molecular tomography (DFMT), as a noninvasive optical imaging method, can quantify metabolic parameters of living animal organs and assist in the diagnosis of metabolic diseases. However, existing DFMT methods do not have a high capacity to reconstruct abnormal metabolic regions, and require additional prior information and complicated solution methods. This paper introduces a problem decomposition and prior refactor (PDPR) method. The PDPR decomposes the metabolic parameters into two kinds of problems depending on their temporal coupling, which are solved using regularization and parameter fitting. Moreover, PDPR introduces the idea of divide‐and‐conquer to refactor prior information to ensure discrimination between metabolic abnormal regions and normal tissues. Experimental results show that PDPR is capable of separating abnormal metabolic regions of the liver and has the potential to quantify metabolic parameters and diagnose liver metabolic diseases in small animals.