bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of sex-specific transcripts of theAnopheles gambiae doublesexgene
Authors: Scali Christina , Catteruccia Flaminia , Li Qiuxiang , Crisanti Andrea 
Published: September 2005

SUMMARYThe understanding of the molecular mechanisms of sex differentiation in the mosquito Anopheles gambiae could identify important candidate genes for inducing selective male sterility in transgenic lines or for sex-controlled expression of lethal genes. In many insects, doublesex(dsx) is the double-switch gene at the bottom of the somatic sex-determination cascade that determines the differentiation of sexually dimorphic traits. We report here on the identification of the dsxhomologue in A. gambiae and on the characterization of its sex-specific transcripts. Agdsx consists of seven exons, distributed over an 85 kb region on chromosome 2R, which are sex-specifically spliced to produce the female and male AgdsxF and AgdsxM transcripts. AgdsxF contains a 795 bp ORF, coding for a protein of 265 amino acids, while AgdsxM comprises a much longer (1866 bp) ORF, coding for a 622 aa protein. Differences in the exon/intron organization suggest that Agdsx sex-specific splicing results from a different mechanism from Drosophila melanogaster dsx. These findings represent an important step towards the understanding of sex differentiation in Anophelesand will facilitate the use of gene transfer technologies to manipulate sex ratios for vector control programs based on the sterile insect technique.
Induction of branchial ion transporter mRNA expression during acclimation to salinity change in the euryhaline crabChasmagnathus granulatus
Authors: Luquet Carlos M. , Weihrauch Dirk , Senek Mihaela , Towle David W. 
Published: September 2005

SUMMARYUsing quantitative real-time PCR, the expression of mRNAs encoding three transport-related proteins and one putative housekeeping protein was analyzed in anterior and posterior gills of the euryhaline crab Chasmagnathus granulatus following transfer from isosmotic conditions (30‰salinity) to either dilute (2‰) or concentrated (45‰) seawater. Modest changes were observed in the abundance of mRNAs encoding the housekeeping protein arginine kinase and the vacuolar-type H+-ATPase B-subunit, both of which were highly expressed under all conditions. By contrast, the expression of Na+/K+-ATPaseα-subunit mRNA and Na+/K+/2Cl-cotransporter mRNA was strongly responsive to external salinity. During acclimation to dilute seawater, cotransporter mRNA increased 10-20-fold in posterior gills within the first 24 h while Na+/K+-ATPase α-subunit mRNA increased 35-55-fold. During acclimation to concentrated seawater, cotransporter mRNA increased 60-fold by 96 h and Na+/K+-ATPase α-subunit increased approximately 25-fold in posterior gills. Our results indicate a complex pattern of transcriptional regulation dependent upon the direction of salinity change and the developmental background of the gills.
Venous tone and cardiac function in the South American rattlesnakeCrotalus durissus: mean circulatory filling pressure during adrenergic stimulation in anaesthetised and fully recovered animals
Authors: Skals Marianne , Skovgaard Nini , Abe Augusto S. , Wang Tobias 
Published: September 2005

SUMMARYThe effects of adrenergic stimulation on mean circulatory filling pressure(MCFP), central venous pressure (PCV) and stroke volume(Vs), as well as the effects of altered MCFP through changes of blood volume were investigated in rattlesnakes (Crotalus durissus). MCFP is an estimate of the upstream pressure driving blood towards the heart and is determined by blood volume and the activity of the smooth muscle cells in the veins (venous tone). MCFP can be determined as the plateau in PCV during a total occlusion of blood flow from the heart.V s decreased significantly when MCFP was lowered by reducing blood volume in anaesthetised snakes, whereas increased MCFP through infusion of blood (up to 3 ml kg-1) only led to a small rise in Vs. Thus, it seems that end-diastolic volume is not affected by an elevated MCFP in rattlesnakes. To investigate adrenergic regulation on venous tone, adrenaline as well as phenylephrine and isoproterenol (α- and β-adrenergic agonists, respectively) were infused as bolus injections (2 and 10 μg kg-1). Adrenaline and phenylephrine caused large increases in MCFP and PCV,whereas isoproterenol decreased both parameters. This was also the case in fully recovered snakes. Therefore, adrenaline affects venous tone through bothα- and β-adrenergic receptors, but the α-adrenergic receptor dominates at the dosages used in the present study. Injection of the nitric oxide donor SNP caused a significant decrease in PCV and MCFP. Thus, nitric oxide seems to affect venous tone.
Extreme impact and cavitation forces of a biological hammer: strike forces of the peacock mantis shrimpOdontodactylus scyllarus
Authors: Patek S. N. , Caldwell R. L. 
Published: September 2005

SUMMARYMantis shrimp are renowned for their unusual method of breaking shells with brief, powerful strikes of their raptorial appendages. Due to the extreme speeds of these strikes underwater, cavitation occurs between their appendages and hard-shelled prey. Here we examine the magnitude and relative contribution of the impact and cavitation forces generated by the peacock mantis shrimp Odontodactylus scyllarus. We present the surprising finding that each strike generates two brief, high-amplitude force peaks, typically 390–480 μs apart. Based on high-speed imaging, force measurements and acoustic analyses, it is evident that the first force peak is caused by the limb's impact and the second force peak is due to the collapse of cavitation bubbles. Peak limb impact forces range from 400 to 1501 N and peak cavitation forces reach 504 N. Despite their small size, O. scyllarus can generate impact forces thousands of times their body weight. Furthermore, on average, cavitation peak forces are 50% of the limb's impact force, although cavitation forces may exceed the limb impact forces by up to 280%. The rapid succession of high peak forces used by mantis shrimp suggests that mantis shrimp use a potent combination of cavitation forces and extraordinarily high impact forces to fracture shells. The stomatopod's hammer is fundamentally different from typical shell-crushing mechanisms such as fish jaws and lobster claws, and may have played an important and as yet unexamined role in the evolution of shell form.
Novel Protein Markers of Acute Coronary Syndrome Complications in Low-Risk Outpatients: A Systematic Review of Potential Use in the Emergency Department
Authors: Mitchell Alice M , Brown Michael D , Menown Ian BA , Kline Jeffery A 
Published: September 2005

AbstractBackground: Published literature was systematically reviewed to determine the diagnostic accuracy of new protein markers of acute coronary syndromes (ACS) in symptomatic outpatients at low risk of ACS and related complications comparable to patients evaluated in emergency department chest pain units.Methods: Studies were identified by a MEDLINE® (1966 to May week 3, 2005) search. Abstracts were reviewed for relevance, and manuscripts were included by the independent consensus of 2 observers based on explicit criteria restricting the analysis to studies relevant to screening ambulatory patients with symptoms suggesting ACS. Publication bias was identified by a modified funnel plot analysis [study size (y) vs the inverse of the negative likelihood ratio (x)]. Results of individual markers were reported separately. When 3 or more eligible studies were identified, data were aggregated by use of the summary ROC (SROC) curve.Results: Twenty-two protein markers in 10 unique populations met the inclusion criteria. Data required for SROC analysis (true- and false-positive rates) were available for 17 markers, in 9 unique populations, from publications and personal communications. Of these, only C-reactive protein was published in more than 2 populations to allow aggregation (6 studies total). C-Reactive protein demonstrated poor diagnostic performance on SROC curve analysis, with an area under the curve of 0.61 and a pooled diagnostic odds ratio of 1.81 (95% confidence interval, 1.06–3.07).Conclusion: Published evidence is not sufficient to support the routine use of new protein markers in screening for ACS in the emergency department setting.
Clinical Applications of Whole-Blood PCR with Real-Time Instrumentation
Authors: Castley Alison , Higgins Melinda , Ivey John , Mamotte Cyril , Sayer David C , Christiansen Frank T 
Published: September 2005

Abstract
Background: As the genetic basis of many human diseases is being discovered, there is increasing need for the detection of single-nucleotide polymorphisms/mutations in medical laboratories. We describe an innovative approach that combines PCR amplification directly on whole blood and real-time detection PCR technology (WB-RTD PCR).
Methods: We compared WB-RTD PCR with the method for extracted DNA-RTD PCR for the detection of mutations in the prothrombin (n = 94), factor V Leiden (n = 49), and hemochromatosis (n = 22) genes. Mutation detection on the Roche LightCycler was based on use of fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) probes and melting curve analysis. We also compared the WB-RTD PCR on the LightCycler and the ABI Prism™ 7700 sequence detection system with minor groove– binding nonfluorescent quencher probes.
Results: We obtained complete concordance between both methods in assigning genotypes. We also demonstrated that the WB-RTD PCR method can be performed on real-time PCR instruments from Applied Biosystems and the LightCycler. Omission of the need for DNA extraction and gel electrophoresis allowed substantial labor and cost savings with this method.
Conclusion: This approach has applications for testing other medically relevant single-nucleotide polymorphisms.
Nonradioactive Vitamin B12 Absorption Test Evaluated in Controls and in Patients with Inherited Malabsorption of Vitamin B12
Authors: Bor Mustafa Vakur , Çetin Mualla , Aytaç Selin , Altay Çiğdem , Nexo Ebba 
Published: September 2005

AbstractBackground: Current tests for evaluation of vitamin B12 absorption are problematic because they involve the use of radioactively labeled vitamin B12. We describe a vitamin B12 absorption test that circumvents this problem.Methods: We measured cobalamin or transcobalamin saturated with cobalamin (holo-TC) 24 h after three 9-μg doses of vitamin B12 given orally at 6-h intervals. We studied 17 patients with inherited malabsorption of vitamin B12 attributable to Imerslund–Grasbeck syndrome (n = 13) or intrinsic factor deficiency (n = 4), their obligate heterozygous biological parents (n = 19), and healthy controls (n = 44).Results: In the patients, the median (range) change of holo-TC after the B12 load was not significant [1 (−42 to 5) pmol/L], nor was the change of cobalamin [−3 (−32 to 22) pmol/L], consistent with a lack of measurable active or passive absorption. In controls, however, the median (range) increases of holo-TC and cobalamin were 26 (−6 to 63) pmol/L and 41 (−37 to 109) pmol/L, respectively. Similarly, the parents showed increases of 23 (−2 to 47) pmol/L and 27 (−15 to 94) pmol/L. The mean areas under the ROC curves (95% confidence intervals) were 0.97 (0.93–1.0) for holo-TC and 0.87 (0.79–0.94) for cobalamin, distinguishing patients from controls. At a cutoff of 6 pmol/L for holo-TC, the diagnostic sensitivity (95% confidence interval) was 100 (81–100)%, and the diagnostic specificity was 92 (82–97)%.Conclusion: Measurement of holo-TC after administration of vitamin B12 is a promising approach for evaluating vitamin B12 absorption.
A Customer Relationship Management Roadmap: What is Known, Potential Pitfalls, and Where to Go
Authors: Boulding William , Staelin Richard , Ehret Michael , Johnston Wesley J. 
Published: September 2005

The goal of this preface is to describe how the special section on customer relationship management (CRM) was developed. In May 2003, Richard Staelin, Executive Director of the Teradata Center for Customer Relationship Management at Duke University, proposed that Journal of Marketing ( JM) publish a special section. The proposal included activities that were designed to promote interactions among marketing academics and practitioners; the goal was to stimulate dialogue and new research on CRM. I found the proposal attractive because CRM is a broad-based topic that interests many marketers. After extensive discussion, the American Marketing Association (AMA) and the Teradata Center formally agreed to cosponsor the special section. Subsequently, there was a conference on Relationship Marketing and Customer Relationship Management (cochaired by Michael Ehret, Wesley Johnston, Michael Kleinaltenkamp, and Lou Pelton) that took place at Freie Universität Berlin in the summer of 2003; 1 a conference on Customer Management (cosponsored by the Marketing Science Institute and the Teradata Center) that was held at Duke University in March 2004; and two special sessions on CRM that were featured at the AMA Winter Educators' Conference held in San Antonio, Tex., in February 2005. The conferences provided many opportunities for dialogue, and the response from marketers who attended these events was enthusiastic. I also invited Richard Staelin and William Boulding (Executive Codirector of the Teradata Center) to work with me as consulting editors for the special section, and they agreed. A call for papers requested that authors submit their manuscripts to JM by May 2004. The consulting editors and I evaluated every submission with the assistance of an expert panel that included Leonard Berry, John Deighton, Michael Ehret, Christian Grönroos, Sunil Gupta, Wayne Hoyer, Wagner Kamakura, Wesley Johnston, Donald R. Lehmann, Charlotte Mason, Carl Mela, Scott Neslin, Roland Rust, Michel Wedel, and Valarie Zeithaml. All submissions underwent JM's standard double-blind review process, and members of JM's editorial review board served as reviewers. I would like to express my appreciation to everyone who participated in the development of the special section. The culmination of our work together is a set of nine articles and two essays that advance the science and practice of CRM. I hope that these articles stimulate new intellectual discoveries. —Ruth N. Bolton
Application of a Temperature-Dependent Mitotic Interval (τo) for Induction of Diploid Meiotic Gynogenetic Paddlefish
Authors: Mims Steven D , Shelton William L , Linhart Otomar , Wang Changzheng , Gomelsky Boris , Onders Richard J 
Published: September 2005

Abstract
We tested the application of mitotic interval (tau [τo]) unit in comparison with absolute time to help standardize preshock timing for a consistent production of diploid meiotic gynogenetic paddlefish Polyodon spathula. The diploid gynogenetic larvae were produced by applying heat shock (35°C; 2 min) at different times after activation of paddlefish eggs with irradiated sperm of shovelnose sturgeon Scaphirhynchus platorynchus at two different preshock temperatures (15°C and 20°C). When the timing of heat shock (minutes after activation) was expressed in absolute time, the yield of gynogenetic diploid larvae was distinctly different between the two preshock incubation temperatures. At 20°C, the highest yield was observed when the timing of the heat shock was 12- 13 min after activation, whereas at 15°C the highest yield was observed when the timing of the heat shock was 17- 22 min after activation. However, when the timing of heat shock was expressed in terms of τo, the yield of gynogenetic diploid larvae for the two preshock incubation temperatures coincided completely at each time point tested. The highest yield (about 30%) of diploid gynogenetic larvae was obtained when the timing of heat shock was between 0.22τo and 0.26τo. Reporting of heat shock timing in terms of τo provides the opportunity to standardize the preshock time interval for any preshock temperature. This could help to identify the optimal timing of heat shock for a specific experiment and allow comparison of data among different experiments in which different preshock temperatures were used.
Migration Timing and River Survival of Late‐Run Fraser River Sockeye Salmon Estimated Using Radiotelemetry Techniques
Authors: English Karl K. , Koski William R. , Sliwinski Cezary , Blakley Anita , Cass Alan , Woodey James C. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractIn recent years, large numbers of late‐run Fraser River sockeye salmonOncorhynchus nerkahave died in freshwater areas before they spawned. We used radiotelemetry techniques to determine river entry timing, migration rates, and survival for the summer and late runs of sockeye salmon in 2002 and 2003. Fishery removals and river detections accounted for 62% of the 873 fish tagged and released in marine areas in 2002. Some late‐run fish migrated from release sites to the Mission hydroacoustic site in 8–10 d and migrated upstream with the summer run. Most late‐run fish remained in the Strait of Georgia for 15–33 d and entered the river after the summer run. Tracking data indicated that individual sockeye salmon maintained essentially the same chronological order as they migrated up the Fraser and Thompson rivers. Summer‐run stocks traveled faster between Mission and the Thompson Junction (33–39 km/d) than late‐run fish (17–21 km/d). After accounting for fishery removals, the river survival rate for summer‐run fish was 92%, and differences between the three release timing groups were not significant. In contrast, the first migration group of late‐run fish that passed Mission had significantly lower survival (13%) than all other timing groups. The survival rate for the second and third river entry groups combined (74%) was significantly lower than that of the fourth group (92%). Period‐specific survival rates were used to define a relationship between river entry timing and survival and to identify additional factors influencing river entry timing for late‐run fish. These relationships may be useful in predicting river survival rates for late‐run stocks in future years.
Exogenous and Fibroblast Growth Factor 2/Epidermal Growth Factor–Regulated Endogenous Cytokines Regulate Neural Precursor Cell Growth and Differentiation
Authors: Deleyrolle Loïc , Marchal-Victorion Sophie , Dromard Cécile , Fritz Vanessa , Saunier Monique , Sabourin Jean-Charles , Tran Van Ba Christophe , Privat Alain , Hugnot Jean-Philippe 
Published: September 2005

Abstract
Neurospheres (NSs) are clonal cellular aggregates composed of neural stem cells and progenitors. A comprehensive description of their proliferation and differentiation regulation is an essential prerequisite for their use in biotherapies. Cytokines are essential molecules regulating cell precursor fate. Using a gene-array strategy, we conducted a descriptive and functional analysis of endogenous cytokines and receptors expressed by spinal cord–derived NSs during their growth or their differentiation into neuronal and glial cells. NSs were found to express approximately 100 receptor subunits and cytokine/secreted developmental factors. Several angiogenic factors and receptors that could mediate neural precursor cell–endothelial cell relationships were detected. Among them, receptor B for endothelins was highly expressed, and endothelins were found to increase NS growth. In contrast, NSs express receptors for ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF), bone morphogenetic protein (BMP), interferon (IFN)-γ, or tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, which, when added in the growth phase, led to a dramatic growth reduction followed by a reduction or a loss of oligodendrocyte formation on differentiation. In addition, NSs synthesize fibroblast growth factor 2/epidermal growth factor (FGF2/EGF)–regulated endogenous cytokines that participate in their growth and differentiation. Notably, BMP-7 and CNTF were expressed during expansion, but upon differentiation there was a remarkable switch from BMP-7 to BMP-4 and -6 and a sharp increase of CNTF. Reintroduction of growth factors reverses the BMP expression profile, indicating growth factor-BMP cross-regulations. The role of endogenous CNTF was investigated by deriving NSs from CNTF knockout mice. These NSs have an increased growth rate associated with reduction of apoptosis and generate astrocytes with a reduced glial fibulary acidic protein (GFAP) content. These results demonstrate the combined role of endogenous and exogenous cytokines in neural precursor cell growth and differentiation.
Modeling and simulation of hydrothermal oxidation of organic compounds
Authors: Vielcazals S. , Mercadier J. , Marias F. , Matéos D. , Bottreau M. , Cansell F. , Marraud C. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractHydrothermal oxidation is an efficient and clean way for the treatment of wastewater containing organic matter. The purpose of this work is to develop a mathematical model of a reactor for hydrothermal oxidation. This reactor is horizontal and tubular and is designed with multi‐injection points of oxidant. Its diameter is very small with regard to its length. The mathematical model is based on the plug flow assumption. The governing equations are: momentum, mass, species, and energy balances. Thanks to this model, the profiles of temperature, and concentration of chemical species are computed along the reactor. The numerical predictions of the model are compared to experimental profiles obtained in the case of supercritical oxidation of methanol. These comparisons show very good agreement. © 2005 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2006
Synthesis and spectroscopic properties of 4‐ethoxymethylene‐2‐(1)‐naphthyl‐5(4H)‐oxazolone‐labeled fluorescent peptides
Authors: Bősze Szilvia , Csík Gabriella , Kóczán György , Hudecz Ferenc 
Published: September 2005

AbstractStrategies for the preparation of new fluorescent oligopeptide conjugates labeled with 4‐ethoxymethylene‐2‐[1]‐naphthyl‐5(4H)‐oxazolone (naOx‐OEt) at the N‐terminal on solid support or in solution have been devised. These procedures are simple and easy to carry out by reacting naOx‐OEt or Nα‐naOx–amino acid with side chain protected peptide chains attached to resins. The integrity of the N‐alkyl bond was maintained even after the trifluoracetic acid or HF based cleavages procedures. Our data show that the naOx fluorophore is compatible with both Fmoc/tBu and Boc/Bzl methods and also suggest that naOx–amino acid could be utilized as building blocks for solid phase peptide synthesis. Comparative analysis of fluorescence properties of naOx–conjugates indicated that the spectral properties of the fluorophore do not change after incorporating into peptides. The compact size, the definite chemical reaction for its introduction in combination with the appropriate spectral features (e.g., intense emission, pH independent fluorescent characteristics, and beneficial photobleaching dose constant and rates) and with chemical and spectral stability, naOx‐based labeling could be attractive for novel cellular fluorescent techniques (e.g., in laser scanning confocal FRET) to study peptide–protein and protein–protein interactions even in biological matrices. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 81: 81‐91, 2006This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com