bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Water content and apparent stiffness of non‐caries versus caries‐affected human dentin
Authors: Ito Shuichi , Saito Takashi , Tay Franklin R. , Carvalho Ricardo M. , Yoshiyama Masahiro , Pashley David H. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractCaries‐affected dentin contains less mineral and more water than surrounding normal dentin. Such dentin should be less stiff and should shrink more than normal dentin when dried. The purpose of this study was to test the relationships between the stiffness, shrinkage, and water content of caries‐affected versus normal dentin. Extracted human carious third molars were stained with caries‐detector dye and the occlusal surfaces ground down until only caries‐affected dentin remained, surrounded by normal dentin. Dentin disks were prepared from these crowns placed in a aluminum well positioned under a modified thermal mechanical analyzer. Changes in specimen height and stiffness were measured following drying or static loading in both caries‐affected and surrounding normal dentin. Core samples of these two types of dentin were used to gravimetrically measure water content. Two‐way ANOVA and regression analysis was used to test the relationship between shrinkage versus water content, stiffness versus water content, and stiffness versus shrinkage. Caries‐affected dentin was found to be less stiff and contained more water than normal dentin (p < 0.05). Regression analysis revealed highly significant inverse relationships between stiffness and water content, and stiffness and shrinkage (p < 0.0005). © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 72B: 109–116, 2005
IGF‐I mRNA levels in bovine satellite cell cultures: Effects of fusion and anabolic steroid treatment
Authors: Kamanga‐Sollo E. , Pampusch M.S. , Xi G. , White M.E. , Hathaway M.R. , Dayton W.R. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractAndrogenic and estrogenic steroids enhance muscle growth in a number of species; however, the mechanism by which anabolic steroids enhance muscle growth is not known. Castrated male cattle (steers) provide a particularly good model system in which to study the effects of anabolic steroids on muscle growth because they respond dramatically to treatment with both estrogens and androgens. The goal of this study was to determine if treatment of bovine satellite cell (BSC) cultures with 17β‐estradiol (E2) or trenbolone (a synthetic androgen) directly affects proliferation rate or level of mRNA for estrogen receptor (ER)‐α, androgen receptor, and growth factors that have been shown to affect muscle growth (insulin‐like growth factor (IGF)‐I, IGF binding protein (IGFBP)‐3, and myostatin). BSC cultures were established from the semimembranosus muscles of steers and then treated for 48 h with various concentrations of E2 or trenbolone ranging from 0.001 to 10 nM. IGF‐I mRNA levels in proliferating BSC cultures were significantly increased at 0.01 (1.9‐times control values, P < 0.02) and at 0.1, 1, and 10 nM E2 (2.9‐, 3.5‐, and 3.5‐times control values, respectively, P < 0.0001). Additionally both 1 and 10 nM trenbolone increased IGF‐I mRNA levels to 1.7‐times control values (P < 0.02). ER‐α mRNA was detectable in BSC cultures, and levels were increased (2.3‐times control levels, P < 0.001) in cultures treated with 0.001 nM E2 but not in cultures treated with higher concentrations of E2. Androgen receptor mRNA levels also were increased (1.5‐times control levels, P < 0.02) in cultures treated with 0.001 nM trenbolone but not by treatment with higher concentrations of trenbolone. Levels of IGFBP‐3 were increased (1.4‐times control values, P < 0.02) by treatment with 0.001 nM E2 but not by treatment with high concentrations of E2. Myostatin mRNA levels were not affected by any concentration of either of the steroids. Although, levels of IGF‐I mRNA were 10‐times greater (P < 0.02) in fused BSC cultures than in proliferating cultures, treatment of fused cultures for 48 h with 10 nM E2 increased IGF‐I mRNA levels (2.5‐times control levels, P < 0.02). Both E2 and trenbolone increased 3H‐thymidine incorporation rate (1.5‐times control levels, P < 0.001) in BSC cultures in media containing serum from which IGFBP‐3 had been removed by anti‐IGFBP‐3 affinity chromatography. In summary, treatment of BSC cultures with either E2 or trenbolone increased IGF‐I mRNA level and proliferation rate, thus, establishing that these steroids have direct anabolic effects on cells present in the BSC culture. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Kaposi's sarcoma: An update
Authors: Schwartz Robert A. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractWhile there have been many important advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), it remains both a challenge and an enigma in many ways. Kaposi's original description of “multiple idiopathic hemorrhagic sarcoma[s]” in patients who died within 2–3 years resembles KS in AIDS more than classic KS in elderly men of Italian, Jewish, or Mediterranean lineage, in whom the disease is usually benign. KS had been evident in about one‐third of those with early AIDS, often as its presenting sign, a pattern markedly reduced in recent times since the introduction of highly active anti‐retroviral therapy (HAART). The most important advance has been the convincing etiologic linkage of KS with human herpesvirus 8 (HHV‐8), which is necessary but not sufficient. It has a low prevalence in the general population of the USA and UK, with an intermediate rate in Italy and Greece, and a high one in Uganda. KS risk may be significantly lower in AIDS patients with a history of anti‐herpes therapy. Many aspects of HHV‐8, including its transmission pattern and different genospecies, are being scrutinized. The diagnosis of KS may be difficult. One should be aware of KS clinical variants, including telangiectatic, eccymotic, and keloidal KS. One must consider a number of other disorders, including bacillary angiomatosis. HHV‐8 DNA sequences in dermatofibromas and other tumors should probably not be viewed as representing a marker for KS. Therapeutic options vary for KS. Intralesional and low‐dose outpatient intravenous vinblastine may be valuable, as immunosuppression with KS is not a good idea if it can be avoided. Anti‐herpes virus therapy may have potential for wide use, especially in preventing the development of KS in at risk populations, such as HHV‐8 seropositive individuals undergoing transplantation surgery. J. Surg. Oncol. 2004;87:146–151. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Clinical patterns and treatment outcome of elderly patients in clinical stage IB/II non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Okamoto Tatsuro , Maruyama Riichiroh , Shoji Fumihiro , Ikeda Jiro , Miyamoto Tetsuya , Nakamura Tomomi , Asoh Hiroshi , Ichinose Yukito 
Published: August 2004

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesSurgery is a standard treatment in patients with clinical stage IB/II non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We often have difficulty in treating of elderly patients due to their insufficient physiological function. To better manage such elderly patients, the clinical characteristics and prognosis of patients with these stages, who were 75 years of age or older, were reviewed.MethodsFrom 1972 to 1999, 112 elderly patients with these stages were treated in our department. These patients comprised 88 men and 24 women. The histological types were 50 adenocarcinomas, 51 squamous cell carcinomas, 8 large cell carcinomas, and 3 adenosquamous carcinomas.ResultsSeventy‐four patients (66%) underwent a surgical resection, including 60 surgery alone, 14 combined modality therapy. Radiotherapy, with or without chemotherapy, was given to 30 patients (27%), and chemotherapy alone to 5 (4.5%). In addition, 3 (2.7%) were given no therapy. The survivals of the surgery group at 2 and 5 years are 53% and 21% and those of the radiotherapy group are 35% and 3%, respectively. A multivariate analysis in radiotherapy group shows the predominant prognostic factor to be adenocarcinoma. The 2‐year survival of the radiotherapy group in patients with adenocarcinoma is 58%, while that of patients with squamous cell carcinoma is 22%.ConclusionsThese above observations suggest that radiotherapy is an alternative strategy for patients who cannot undergo surgery, especially with adenocarcinoma. J. Surg. Oncol. 2004;87:134–138. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Clear cell sarcoma in the era of sentinel lymph node mapping
Authors: Al‐Refaie Waddah B. , Ali Mir W. , Chu David Z. , Paz Isaac B. , Blair Sarah L. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractClear cell sarcoma of the tendons and aponeuroses (CCSTA) are rare aggressive soft tissue tumors with tendency for lymph nodes dissemination. Lymph node involvement is a correlate for prognosis. We present three patients with CCSTA in whom simultaneous sentinel lymph biopsy (SLNB) and resection was performed. Sentinel lymph node mapping may have a role in clear cell sarcoma from a prognostic standpoint. Further investigations are needed for validation. J. Surg. Oncol. 2004;87:126–129. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Management of hepatocellular carcinoma in renal transplant recipients
Authors: Chok Kenneth S. , Lam Chi Ming , Li Fu Keung , Ng Kelvin K. , Poon Ronnie T. , Lo Chung Mau , Fan Sheung Tat 
Published: August 2004

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveIn Hong Kong where hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is endemic, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) accounts for 20% of all malignant transformations in renal transplant recipients. The aim of the present study was to review the management and outcome of HCC in renal transplant recipients at a specialized surgical center.MethodA retrospective analysis on the data collected prospectively in a tertiary referral center.ResultsFrom January 1991 to December 2002, five renal transplant recipients were diagnosed to have primary HCC and received treatment in our center. There were four men and one woman with a median age of 47 (range, 38–68) years. Four of them had cadaveric renal transplantation whereas one had live donor transplantation. All of them were HBV carriers. The median tumor size was 3.5 cm (range, 1.8–8 cm). All tumors, except one, were diagnosed in sub‐clinical stage by surveillance serum α‐fetoprotein assay and percutaneous ultrasonography. Four patients were treated with surgical resection and one received transarterial oily chemoembolization (TOCE) as their primary treatments. There was one peri‐operative death and the remaining three surgically treated patients were alive 4, 62, and 64 months after the resection. One patient developed recurrence 18 months after curative resection and was treated with TOCE. The patient with unresectable disease was alive for 50 months after the initial diagnosis. The surgical resection and overall survival rates of these patients were better than the published results.ConclusionEarly detection with regular serum α‐fetoprotein assay and ultrasonographic study, vigilant care in the peri‐operative period, long‐term follow‐up for detection and treatment of recurrence, as well as close collaboration between renal physicians and liver surgeons may improve the outcome of treatment of HCC in renal transplant recipients. J. Surg. Oncol. 2004;87:139–142. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Anti‐Ri antibody opsoclonus‐myoclonus syndrome and breast cancer: A case report and a review of the literature
Authors: Weizman David A. , Leong Wey L. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractOpsoclonus‐myoclonus is a rare neurological paraneoplastic syndrome associated with breast cancer and the presence of anti‐Ri antibody. We presented a case of a 79‐year‐old woman with this syndrome and a small invasive ductal carcinoma [pT1aN0(sn)M0], whose symptoms improved 3 months following her simple mastectomy without any adjuvant therapy. Based on the 15 previously reported cases in the literature, there is no uniform treatment option available, and the response to such treatments is mixed. J. Surg. Oncol. 2004;87:143–145. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Intra‐abdominal metastases from soft tissue sarcoma
Authors: Behranwala Kasim A. , Roy Pratik , Giblin Victoria , A'hern Roger , Fisher Cyril , Thomas J. Meirion 
Published: August 2004

AbstractObjectiveTo define the clinical features and prognosis of patients with abdominal metastasis from primary soft tissue sarcoma (STS) at other sites.MethodsAll patients with abdominal metastasis from STS were identified from the Royal Marsden Hospital Sarcoma Unit prospective database from January 1990 to July 2001.ResultsNineteen patients developed abdominal metastasis out of a cohort of 2127 patients (0.9%) evaluated during the study interval. The median age was 49 (19–71) years. The median time to abdominal metastasis from diagnosis of the primary was 27 (8–91) months. The presenting complaints were incomplete intestinal obstruction (n = 5), abdominal pain (n = 4), mass (n = 2), gastrointestinal bleed (n = 2), urinary obstruction (n = 2), anorexia (n = 1), and abdominal distension (n = 1). Emergency laparotomy was done for perforative peritonitis (n = 2), intussusception (n = 2), and bleed in spleen (n = 1). Two patients were asymptomatic. The common histologies were myxoid liposarcoma (n = 6) and leiomyosarcoma (n = 4). The median follow‐up of survivors post metastasis was 12 months. Abdominal metastatectomy was performed in 16 patients, 3 of these patients had abdominal recurrences. The 1‐ and 2‐year overall disease specific survival for the 19 patients was 66% (SE = 11%) and 43% (SE = 13%) with a median survival of 13 months (95% CI = 11.8–14.7). Metastasectomy was associated with slight improved median post‐metastasis survival (33 months vs. 8 months for unresected patients).ConclusionsAlthough abdominal metastasis is rare, vigilance is warranted. Symptomatic patients should be examined and investigated thoroughly for metastases. Surgery is the treatment of choice for patients with an acute presentation; however, survival is dismal. J. Surg. Oncol. 2004;87:116–120. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Primary sarcoma of the breast
Authors: Pandey Manoj , Mathew Aleyamma , Abraham Elizabeth K. , Rajan Balakrishnan 
Published: August 2004

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesPrimary sarcoma occurring in breast is rare and comprises 0.5–1% of all breast neoplasm. Majority of the series include both stromal and cystosarcoma phyllodes, only a few hundred cases of sarcomas other then cystosarcoma are reported.Patients and MethodsWe carried out a retrospective analysis of 19 patients with primary sarcoma of the breast treated between 1982 and 2002.ResultsMean age of the patients was 38.6 years (12–70 years). Gradually progressive swelling was the commonest presenting feature. There were eight cases of angiosarcoma, four cases of spindle cell sarcoma, two each of pleomorphic sarcoma and stromal sarcoma, and one each of malignant fibrous histiocytoma, embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma, and sarcoma (NOS). Eight of these were high‐grade (42%). Eight patients underwent either radical or modified mastectomy, three underwent wide excisions, and one underwent quadrantectomy. Ten (52.6%) patients received postoperative adjuvant radiation. Two patients received chemotherapy. After a mean follow‐up time of 34.5 months (median 25 months), eight patients failed. Failure was local in five, opposite breast in one, and both local and distant in two. The disease free survival at 3‐year was 39%. In univariate analysis only the margin of first surgery was found to be a significant predictor of survival (P = 0.05).ConclusionsPrimary sarcomas of the breast are aggressive tumors. Surgical treatment should consist of at least simple mastectomy. All attempts should be made to achieve a negative margin as this appears to be the only factor influencing survival in these patients. J. Surg. Oncol. 2004;87:121–125. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An Overview of Polylactides as Packaging Materials
Authors: Auras Rafael , Harte Bruce , Selke Susan 
Published: August 2004

AbstractSummary: Polylactide polymers have gained enormous attention as a replacement for conventional synthetic packaging materials in the last decade. By being truly biodegradable, derived from renewable resources and by providing consumers with extra end‐use benefits such as avoiding paying the “green tax” in Germany or meeting environmental regulations in Japan, polylactides (PLAs) are a growing alternative as a packaging material for demanding markets. The aim of this paper is to review the production techniques for PLAs, summarize the main properties of PLA and to delineate the main advantages and disadvantages of PLA as a polymeric packaging material. PLA films have better ultraviolet light barrier properties than low density polyethylene (LDPE), but they are slightly worse than those of cellophane, polystyrene (PS) and poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET). PLA films have mechanical properties comparable to those of PET and better than those of PS. PLA also has lower melting and glass transition temperatures than PET and PS. The glass transition temperature of PLA changes with time. Humidity between 10 and 95% and storage temperatures of 5 to 40 °C do not have an effect on the transition temperature of PLA, which can be explained by its low water sorption values (i.e. <100 ppm at Aw = 1). PLA seals well at temperatures below the melting temperature but an appreciable shrinking of the films has been noted when the material is sealed near its melting temperature. Solubility parameter predictions indicate that PLA will interact with nitrogen compounds, anhydrides and some alcohols and that it will not interact with aromatic hydrocarbons, ketones, esters, sulfur compounds or water. The CO2, O2 and water permeability coefficients of PLA are lower than those of PS and higher than those of PET. Its barrier to ethyl acetate and D‐limonene is comparable to PET. The amount of lactic acid and its derivatives that migrate to food simulant solutions from PLA is much lower than any of the current average dietary lactic acid intake values allowed by several governmental agencies. Thus, PLA is safe for use in fabricating articles for contact with food.Percent transmission versus wavelength for PLA(98% L‐lactide), PS, LDPE, PET and cellophane films.imagePercent transmission versus wavelength for PLA(98% L‐lactide), PS, LDPE, PET and cellophane films.
A New Method for the Evaluation of Biodegradable Plastic Using Coated Cellulose Paper
Authors: Lim Hyun‐A. , Raku Takao , Tokiwa Yutaka 
Published: August 2004

AbstractSummary: A highly sensitive analytical method for evaluation of poly(L‐lactide) (PLA), poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL), poly(β‐hydroxybutyrate) (PHB), and poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) degradability was developed using coated cellulose paper, prepared by penetration and adhesion of these plastics into/onto the cellulose paper. Enzymatic degradability of the obtained plastic coated papers was evaluated using various commercial proteases and lipases. PLA coated paper was highly susceptible to subtilisin and mammalian enzymes, α‐chymotrypsin, elastase and trypsin. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the degradation of PLA coated paper using subtilisin and mammalian enzymes. Almost all lipase preparations degraded PCL and PHB coated papers but not PBS coated paper. The biodegradability of plastic coated paper was greater than that of plastic powder. The penetration of plastic into cellulose paper by coating improved the plastic degradability, and can be regulated easily.Model structures of the plastic coated papers prepared by penetration (A) and adhesion (B) used in the enzyme degradation studies.imageModel structures of the plastic coated papers prepared by penetration (A) and adhesion (B) used in the enzyme degradation studies.
Macromolecular Dimensions and Mechanical Properties of Monolayer Films of Sonorean Mesquite Gum
Authors: López‐Franco Yolanda L. , Valdez Miguel A. , Hernández Javier , Calderón de la Barca Ana M. , Rinaudo Marguerite , Goycoolea Francisco M. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractSummary: Mesquite gum sourced from Prosopis velutina trees and gum arabic (Acacia spp.) were characterized using light scattering and Langmuir isotherms. Both gum materials were fractionated by hydrophobic interaction chromatography, yielding four fractions for both gums: FI, FIIa, FIIb and FIII in mesquite gum and FI, FII, FIIIa and FIIIb in gum arabic. In mesquite gum, the obtained fractions had different protein content (7.18–38.60 wt.‐%) and macromolecular dimensions ($\overline M _{\rm w}$ ≈ 3.89 × 105–8.06 × 105 g · mol−1, RG ≈ 48.83–71.11 nm, RH ≈ 9.61–24.06 nm) and architecture given by the structure factor (RG/RH ratio ≈2.96–5.27). The mechanical properties of Langmuir monolayers at the air‐water interface were very different on each gum and their fractions. For mesquite gum, the most active species at the interface were those comprised in Fractions IIa and IIb and III, while Fraction I the π/A isotherm lied below that of the whole gum. In gum arabic only Fraction III developed greater surface pressure at the same surface per milligram of material than whole gum. This is rationalized in terms of structural differences in both materials. Mesquite gum tertiary structure seems to fit best with an elongated polydisperse macrocoil in agreement with the “twisted hairy rope” proposal for arabinogalactan proteoglycans.Compression isotherms of gum arabic and mesquite gum.imageCompression isotherms of gum arabic and mesquite gum.
Cell Attachment and Proliferation on Poly(carbonate urethanes) with Various Degrees of Nanophase Separation
Authors: Hsu Shan‐hui , Kao Yu‐Chih 
Published: August 2004

AbstractSummary: In this work, we synthesized six 4,4′‐diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI)‐based poly(carbonate urethanes) (PCU) by using the macrodiol poly(1,6‐hexyl, 1,2‐ethyl carbonate) diol (MW = 2 017) in different molar ratios to MDI. The bulk and surface properties of cast PCU films were analyzed. The glass transition temperatures measured by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and surface images obtained from atomic force microscopy (AFM) indicated that these PCU had various degrees of nanophase separation that changed with the time and film casting temperatures. The degree of nanophase separation correlated very well with endothelial cell attachment and proliferation on PCU.Phase image (left) and light micrograph (right) of a PCU.imagePhase image (left) and light micrograph (right) of a PCU.
Formation and Degradation of Poly(D,L‐lactide) Nanoparticles and Their Potential Application as Controllable Releasing Devices
Authors: Zhao Yue , Fu Jie , Ng Dennis K. P. , Wu Chi 
Published: August 2004

AbstractSummary: In the presence of surfactant, water‐insoluble poly(D,L‐lactide) (PLA) was dispersed into narrowly distributed nanoparticles stable in water via microphase inversion. The structure and degradation of such formed nanoparticles were investigated by a combination of static and dynamic laser light scattering. Our results revealed that the degradation rate increased with the temperature and pH so that the degradation could be regulated from minutes to days. Using anionic sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) as stabilizer resulted in a slower degradation than using cationic hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (HTAB). The phthalocyanine chromophores (PC) could be encapsulated inside these PLA nanoparticles. The degradation of individual PLA nanoparticles led to a controllable releasing of PC. The absorption and fluorescence studies revealed a correlation between the degradation and the releasing of PC. Our results showed that a higher PC/PLA ratio could lead to a faster degradation.Hydrodynamic radius distributions f(Rh) of PLA‐SDS and PLA‐HTAB nanoparticles.imageHydrodynamic radius distributions f(Rh) of PLA‐SDS and PLA‐HTAB nanoparticles.