bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
JAB1 enhances HAND2 transcriptional activity by regulating HAND2 DNA binding
Authors: Dai Yan‐Shan , Hao Jianming , Bonin Christopher , Morikawa Yuka , Cserjesi Peter 
Published: April 2004

AbstractHAND2 (also known as dHAND) is a basic helix‐loop‐helix (bHLH) transcription factor essential for development of the heart, limbs, and neural crest‐derived lineages. HAND2 expression is observed in a number of tissues derived from the neural crest, including components of the peripheral nervous system, where it has been shown to regulate sympathetic nervous system development. Here we show that HAND2 is expressed in both the sympathetic and the parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system (ANS). How HAND2 functions during development of these neuronal lineages is uncertain. An important mechanism involved in HAND2's function is its interactions with other proteins. To understand better the molecular interactions regulating HAND2 during ANS development, we employed a yeast two‐hybrid screen to identify HAND2‐interacting proteins. One protein identified in this screen, Jun activation domain‐binding protein (JAB1), is involved in numerous cell processes, including regulation of transcription and protein turnover. We show that JAB1 binds directly to the HLH domain of HAND2 and increases HAND2 transcription‐stimulating activity. However, JAB1 does not contain a transcriptional activation domain, nor does it recruit an activation domain to HAND2. Our data indicate that JAB1 augments HAND2 transcriptional activity by enhancing HAND2 DNA binding. We further show that enhanced HAND2 DNA binding is mediated through the HLH domain and not through the DNA binding domain. These results show that JAB1 regulates the transcriptional activity of HAND2 in a unique manner that may account, in part, for the apparent ability of this bHLH factor to regulate gene expression through numerous mechanisms. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Computer‐identified nuclear localization signal in exon 1A of the transporter DMT1 is essentially ineffective in nuclear targeting
Authors: Kuo H.C. , Smith J.J. , Lis A. , Zhao L. , Gonsiorek E.A. , Zhou X. , Higgins D.M. , Roth J.A. , Garrick M.D. , Garrick L.M. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractDivalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1; also called DCT1, Nramp2, or SLC11A2) has multiple isoforms that localize differently in many cell types. DMT1 +IRE species (encoded by mRNA with an iron‐responsive element) are limited to the plasma membrane and cytosolic vesicles. In neural cells, –IRE isoforms of DMT1 (encoded by mRNA lacking an IRE) localize to the nucleus, plasma membrane, and cytosolic vesicles. In considering nuclear compartmentalization of –IRE isoforms, we hypothesized that the newly identified exon 1A in the N‐terminus of this transporter might contain a nuclear localization signal. DNA constructs starting with exon 1A and ending with exons encoding alternative isoforms were made and transiently transfected into HEK293T and PC12 cells as well as rat sympathetic neurons. None of the constructs appeared in the nucleus despite the presence of exon 1A. Antibody specific for exon 1A was also used in both immunostaining and Western blots to investigate localization of exon 1A expressed both endogenously and ectopically in cells. Again, nuclear localization of DMT1 containing exon 1A was not observed. Our data suggest that exon 1A is neither sufficient nor necessary for DMT1 to appear in the nucleus. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Determination of the purity of ampicillin by micellar electrokinetic chromatography and reversed phase liquid chromatography on a monolithic silica column
Authors: Doležalová Milada , Kunteová Bohdana , Jobánek Roman 
Published: April 2004

AbstractA micellar electrokinetic chromatographic (MEKC) method and a fast reversed‐phase liquid chromatographic one have been developed for determining the purity of ampicillin. MEKC separation of ampicillin and its related substances was performed with the use of an untreated fused‐silica capillary and 40 mM phosphate‐borate buffer, pH 7.5 containing 75 mM SDS. The HPLC method employed a monolithic silica C18 column and a mobile phase composed of phosphate buffer, pH 5.2 and ACN, the flow rate being 4.0 mL/min. Both methods were successfully validated. Linearity, relative response factors, limits of quantitation, intermediate precision, and accuracy were evaluated. The methods proved to be fast, reliable, and sufficiently sensitive and, accordingly, well‐suited for control of purity of ampicillin substance, injections, and capsules. A combination of both methods can be very useful in the confirmation of impurity profiles.
Vinyl‐Type Polymerization of Norbornene Dicarboxylic Acid Dialkyl Esters
Authors: Shin Boo‐Gyo , Jang Myoung‐Souk , Yoon Do Yeung , Heitz Walter 
Published: April 2004

AbstractSummary: Poly(cis‐norbornene‐exo‐2,3‐dicarboxylic acid dialkyl esters) (alkyl = Me, Et, Pr, Bu, Pen, and Hex) are synthesized as a vinyl‐type with a palladium(II) catalyst in high yield from easily prepared, pure exo‐monomers. The polymers show good solubility in common organic solvents and excellent thermal stability up to 330 °C. The polymers with alkyl groups larger than methyl exhibit a two‐step thermal degradation profile of an initial thermal degradation of side‐chains starting at 350 °C, followed by thermal degradation of the norbornene backbone starting at ca. 430 °C. The glass transition temperature decreases and the mechanical flexibility increases as the alkyl length of the side‐chain increases.Normalized loss shear modulus (G″) versus temperature for polynorbornene dicarboxylic acid dialkyl esters.imageNormalized loss shear modulus (G″) versus temperature for polynorbornene dicarboxylic acid dialkyl esters.
Use of Transmission Electron Microscopy in Combinatorial Studies of Functional Oxides
Authors: Bendersky Leonid A. , Takeuchi Ichiro 
Published: April 2004

AbstractSummary: The principles of combinatorial methodology are based on high‐throughput properties measurements (HTPM) of multiple compositions in combinatorial libraries, and are recently being increasingly applied in materials research. Nevertheless, the authors' view is that the involvement of detailed but time‐consuming investigation using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) should be an important part of combinatorial materials research. In this paper we present three examples from our combinatorial studies where the TEM investigation was essential in obtaining a detailed picture of microstructures and their relationship with the physical properties. In the study of microwave dielectrics such as BaTiO3‐SrTiO3, TEM provides essential information on the type and distribution of defects in the deposited films. In the case of the wide‐band semiconductor ZnO‐MgO, the distribution and morphology of the phases were studied and related to the measured electronic properties. Study of the manganates LaMnO3‐CaMnO3 with colossal magneto‐resistive properties showed an anisotropic distribution of the structural domains and the morphology of the film. The distribution of the domains and the absence of epitaxial stresses found are essential in the interpretation of magnetic measurements.Cross‐sectional TEM (dark field) micrograph taken with the reflection of h‐(Zn,Mg)O at x = 0.5.imageCross‐sectional TEM (dark field) micrograph taken with the reflection of h‐(Zn,Mg)O at x = 0.5.
The Formation of Biodegradable Polymeric Micelles from Newly Synthesized Poly(aspartic acid)‐block‐Polylactide AB‐Type Diblock Copolymers
Authors: Arimura Hidetoshi , Ohya Yuichi , Ouchi Tatsuro 
Published: April 2004

AbstractSummary: A poly(aspartic acid)‐block‐polylactide (PAsp‐block‐PLA) diblock copolymer was synthesized through the polymerization of β‐benzyl‐L‐aspartate‐N‐carboxyanhydride [Asp(OBzl)‐NCA] with amino‐terminating polylactide (NH2‐PLA) as a macroinitiator. The chain length of the PAsp segment could be easily controlled by changing the monomer/initiator ratio. Dynamic light scattering measurements of PAsp‐block‐PLA aqueous solutions revealed the formation of polymeric micelles. Changes in the micelles as a function of pH were investigated.The structure and formation of micelles of the poly(aspartic acid)‐block‐polylactide (PAsp‐block‐PLA) diblock copolymers synthesized here.imageThe structure and formation of micelles of the poly(aspartic acid)‐block‐polylactide (PAsp‐block‐PLA) diblock copolymers synthesized here.
Polymeric Photoinitiator Containing In‐Chain Thioxanthone and Coinitiator Amines
Authors: Jiang Xuesong , Yin Jie 
Published: April 2004

AbstractSummary: A polymeric photoinitiator (PTXP) containing in‐chain thioxanthone (TX) and coinitiator amines was synthesized by step‐growth polymerization, as well as low‐molecular‐weight model compounds. Photopolymerizations of methyl methacrylate (MMA) initiated by these photoinitiator systems were studied. Compared with corresponding low‐molecular‐weight model compounds, PTXP has a similar UV‐vis spectrum with a red‐shifted maximum absorption, and weaker fluorescence emission, and can photoinitiate the polymerization of MMA more effectively.The structure of PTXP, the photoinitiator synthesized here.imageThe structure of PTXP, the photoinitiator synthesized here.
Morphology and Crystallization Behavior of Poly(butylene succinate)‐Based Ionomers (PBSi)
Authors: Han Sang‐Il , Lee Wan Duk , Kim Dong Kook , Im Seung Soon 
Published: April 2004

AbstractSummary: The crystallization behavior of a poly(butylene succinate)‐based ionomer (PBSi) was analyzed by morphological observations and synchrotron small‐angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS) experiments. The spherulitic morphology of PBSi is composed of irregular lamellae propagating outwards from the center with ionic clusters isolated from the crystalline lamellae. Synchrotron radiation SAXS profiles revealed that the re‐crystallization during heating process was effectively retarded with increasing ionic content, suggesting that the presence of ion aggregates affects the extent of diffusion of chains towards crystallization.PBSi‐3 was isothermally crystallized at 85 °C for 30 min (400×). The spherulites of PBSi‐3 showed an irregular ringed pattern without a distinct center of spherulite.imagePBSi‐3 was isothermally crystallized at 85 °C for 30 min (400×). The spherulites of PBSi‐3 showed an irregular ringed pattern without a distinct center of spherulite.
Isoconversional Approach to Evaluating the Hoffman–Lauritzen Parameters (U* and Kg) from the Overall Rates of Nonisothermal Crystallization
Authors: Vyazovkin Sergey , Sbirrazzuoli Nicolas 
Published: April 2004

AbstractSummary: An equation has been derived that correlates the temperature coefficient of the growth rate with the temperature dependence of the effective activation energy of the overall crystallization rate, which can be measured by differential scanning calorimetry. The dependence is evaluated by using an advanced isoconversional method and is parameterized in terms of the Hoffman–Lauritzen equation. The parameters obtained for the nonisothermal crystallization of the poly(ethylene terephthalate) melt are consistent with the parameters reported for isothermal crystallization.The fit of the equation derived here is shown for data corresponding to the dependence of the effective activation energy on average temperature (fit = solid line).imageThe fit of the equation derived here is shown for data corresponding to the dependence of the effective activation energy on average temperature (fit = solid line).
Striatal microinfusion of Tourette syndrome and PANDAS sera: Failure to induce behavioral changes
Authors: Loiselle Christopher R. , Lee Olivia , Moran Timothy H. , Singer Harvey S. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractRodent striatal microinfusions have been suggested as a model for assessing the behavioral effects induced by antineuronal antibodies. We used this approach to evaluate the proposed autoimmune etiology for Tourette syndrome (TS) and pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal infection (PANDAS). Sera were assessed from patients with TS (n = 9) preselected based on the presence of elevated enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay optical densities against putamen homogenate and sera from patients with PANDAS (n = 8), selected from a larger group assayed for antibodies against a putamen synaptosomal preparation. The effect of antibodies against the streptococcal M5 protein were also studied. A total of 44 Fischer rats received bilateral infusion of sera: 23 ventral striatum (5 PANDAS, 5 TS, 5 anti‐M5 protein, and 8 control); 21 ventrolateral striatum (5 PANDAS, 5 TS, 5 anti‐M5 protein, and 6 controls). Cannulas were placed bilaterally and symmetrically by stereotactic techniques. After animals were allowed to recover for 1 week, sera were microinfused for 3 days. Animal behavior was then simultaneously quantified by daily observation and monitoring using automated activity boxes for 10 days after infusion. No significant alterations in stereotypic behavior or movement were observed between the PANDAS, TS, or anti‐M5 protein and control groups. Our findings are in contrast to previous reports, and suggest the need for further investigations to determine the validity of the model and of autoimmune‐mediated hypotheses for pediatric movement disorders. © 2003 Movement Disorder Society
Static balance impairment and its change after pallidotomy in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Hagiwara Naoki , Hashimoto Takao , Ikeda Shu‐Ichi 
Published: April 2004

AbstractWe compared postural sway parameters during a 1‐minute quiet stance in 28 patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD) in off phase with those in 17 age‐matched normal subjects and investigated differences in the sway parameters before and after unilateral pallidotomy in 16 PD patients. The PD patients showed larger sway area (SA) and longer total sway path length (SPL) compared with normal subjects. Total SPL after subtraction of tremor effect did not differ from that in normal subjects. The shift of the mean center of foot pressure (CFP) position from the first 30 seconds to the last 30 seconds showed that the CFP tended to move forward in PD patients compared with normal subjects and to move laterally more in PD patients than normal subjects, especially in those with less severity (Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale, motor score < 40). After the operation, there was little change in either SA or lateral movement of CFP, but forward movement of CFP and total SPL tended to be normalized, along with an improvement of major parkinsonian symptoms. From these results, it is concluded that SPL elongation significantly involves tremor effect, forward movement of CFP in PD derives from basal ganglia dysfunction, and SA enlargement and large lateral movement of CFP may be caused partly by compensatory movements or by dysfunction outside the basal ganglia circuitry. © 2003 Movement Disorder Society
Marked asymmetry of putaminal pathology in an MSA‐P patient with Pisa syndrome
Authors: Hozumi I. , Piao Y.S. , Inuzuka T. , Matsuyama Z. , Yamada Y. , Hara A. , Hirose T. , Tsuchiya K. , Takahashi H. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractWe report on an autopsy case of a 62‐year‐old Japanese woman with a 2.5‐year history of axial dystonia. She presented with a form of axial dystonia reminiscent of Pisa syndrome. The pathophysiological mechanism underlying forms of axial dystonia remains to be elucidated. We report here the histopathological findings of a multiple system atrophy of parkinsonian predominance (MSA‐P) patient with Pisa syndrome. © 2003 Movement Disorder Society
Adult nonketotic hyperglycinemia (NKH) crisis presenting as severe chorea and encephalopathy
Authors: Hall Deborah A. , Ringel Steven P. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractWe report on a patient with mild episodic nonketotic hyperglycinemia (NKH) on valproate who developed episodes of encephalopathy and chorea provoked by a fever and protein loading. After treatment with sodium benzoate and dextromethorphan, the patient's encephalopathy resolved and her chorea improved. The importance of this case is in recognizing this rare syndrome, which may present in the adult population. © 2003 Movement Disorder Society
Zydis selegiline reduces off time in Parkinson's disease patients with motor fluctuations: A 3‐month, randomized, placebo‐controlled study
Authors: Waters Cheryl H. , Sethi Kapil D. , Hauser Robert A. , Molho Eric , Bertoni John M. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractZydis selegiline dissolves on contact with saliva and undergoes pregastric absorption. This minimizes first‐pass metabolism and provides high plasma concentrations of selegiline. In this study, the efficacy and safety of Zydis selegiline was assessed in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients who were experiencing motor fluctuations with levodopa. Patients were randomly assigned to either drug or placebo in a 2:1 ratio in this double‐blind, multicenter trial. Significant reductions in daily off time occurred at 4 to 6 weeks with the 1.25 mg dose (9.9%, P = 0.003) and 10 to 12 weeks with the 2.5 mg dose (13.2%, P < 0.001). The total number of off hours was reduced by 2.2 hours at Week 12 from baseline (compared with 0.6 hours in the placebo group). The average number of dyskinesia‐free on hours for the Zydis selegiline patients increased by 1.8 hours at Week 12. There was no change in mean percentage of “Asleep” time throughout the study. No apparent differences were detected in the occurrence of drug‐related adverse events between the Zydis selegiline group and placebo‐treated groups. Adverse events were consistent with known effects of levodopa therapy. Zydis selegiline safely reduces daily off time when used as adjunctive therapy with levodopa in patients with PD. © 2004 Movement Disorder Society
A matrix inversion technique for the spherical modal decomposition field solution applied on the characterization of antennas in their environment
Authors: Mekki‐Kaidi M. , Lautru D. , Bancet F. , Fouad Hanna V. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractAn efficient matrix‐inversion technique is proposed for the spherical modal decomposition (SMD) field solution for radiating structures. The advantages of this approach compared to the classical dot‐product technique are demonstrated through its application to the characterization of two radiating structures: the Yagi antenna and an antenna on the roof of a vehicle. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 41: 336–341, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20134
A slot‐shaped dielectric‐filled waveguide antenna for beam‐scanning
Authors: Chainon S. , Himdi M. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThis paper presents a new geometry based on a slot‐shaped waveguide antenna for beam‐scanning applications. The slot is L‐shaped and composed of centered and transversal longitudinal parts. The longitudinal slot is the radiated part whereas the transversal part is the feeder. By properly adjusting the transversal part's position, beam scanning can be achieved, especially in 45° increments, which can be interesting for active antennas. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 41: 341–343, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20135
A SiGe micromixer for 2.4/5.2/5.7‐GHz multiband WLAN applications
Authors: Wang C. Y. , Lu S. S. , Meng C. C. , Lin Y. S. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractA SiGe micromixer for 2.4/5.2/5.7‐GHz multiband WLAN applications is demonstrated for the first time. Our experimental results show that the input return loss |S11| is below −18 dB from DC to 20 GHz with voltage gains of 32, 26, and 25 dB at frequencies of 2.4, 5.2, and 5.7 GHz, respectively. The wideband matching characteristic makes the micromixer very suitable for multiband applications. Input P1dB= −14 dBm and IIP3= −6 dBm. Port‐to‐port isolation is also quite satisfactory. In addition, the single‐to‐differential input stage in the Gilbert micromixer eliminates the need for common‐mode rejection. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 41: 343–346, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20136
A WATT‐level 2.3‐GHz GaAs MESFET power amplifier with gap‐coupled microstrip‐line matching topology
Authors: Meng C. C. , Wang W. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractA one‐stage hybrid power amplifier integrated with gap‐coupled microstrip lines for impedance matching is demonstrated in this work. The gap‐coupled microstrip line amplifier module realized here can provide 15‐dB power gain, 33.5‐dBm output power, and 42% power‐added efficiency (PAE) at 2.3 GHz. The demonstrated topology is suitable in monolithic IC technology, especially in the millimeter‐wave frequency because the gap‐coupled microstrip lines can be easily compacted into small size. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 41: 346–348, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20137
An active broadband‐transmitting patch antenna for GSM‐1800 and UMTS
Authors: Segovia‐Vargas D. , González‐Posadas V. , Vázquez J. L. , Rajo E. , Inclán L. , Martin C. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThis paper presents an active broadband‐transmitting patch antenna, which works in the 1650–2300‐MHz band to provide GSM‐1800 and UMTS services. An increase of the reflection bandwidth of the referenced passive antenna has been achieved due to the resistively equalized broadband‐amplifying active antenna. An increase in equivalent isotropic radiated power (EIRP) of 11–12 dB compared to the passive antenna, with a ripple lower than ±0.5 dB, has also been achieved. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 41: 350–354, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20139
Photonic‐microwave harmonic mixers based on electroabsorption modulators
Authors: Polo V. , Gomez G. , Martinez A. , Herrera J. , Marti J. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractTwo harmonic photonic‐downconversion schemes employing electroabsorption modulators are proposed and experimentally demonstrated. Harmonic downconversion of 34‐Mb/s data modulated onto a 9.5‐GHz signal has been performed using (i) a single electroabsorption modulator, (ii) a Mach–Zehnder modulator and an electroabsorption modulator in series. Error‐free operation for both schemes is demonstrated after transmission of the IF signal through a 25‐km fiber‐optic link for harmonic orders of up to three. The influence of the biasing point of the modulator on the overall performance of both photonic downconversion schemes is discussed. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 41: 361–364, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20141
The attenuation and slow‐wave characteristics of an inverted embedded (IEM) metal‐insulator semiconductor (MIS) microstrip line
Authors: Yin W. Y. , Dong X. T. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe attenuation and slow‐wave characteristics in an inverted embedded metal‐insulator‐semiconductor (IEM‐MIS) microstrip line are investigated in this paper, based on the extracted frequency‐dependent distributed parameters, that is, per‐unit‐length series resistance and inductance, shunt capacitance, and conductance of the structure. Parametric studies are performed to show the combined effects of different parameters, such as strip thickness, width, conductivity, embedding depth, and silicon conductivity and its thickness, on the mode attenuation constant and slow‐wave factor (SWF). © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 41: 366–369, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20143