bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ober- und Unterkommandierende der römischen Republik 509–27 v. Chr.
Authors: Kreiler Bernd Michael 
Published: February 2025

Unsere wichtigste Quelle für die Militärgeschichte der römischen Republik ist der augusteische Geschichtsschreiber T. Livius, von dessen Werk ‚ab urbe condita“ die Bücher XXI bis XLV für die Zeit des 2. Punischen Krieges (218–201 v. Chr.) bis zum Ende des 3. Makedonischen Krieges 167 v. Chr. erhalten sind. Nach Livius führten die Feldherren, die zuerst Italien und dann die Länder um das Mittelmeer unterwarfen, das Kommando im Amtsjahr im Kriegsrechtsbereich ‚militiae‘ als Konsuln oder als Prätoren mit prokonsularem Imperium. Dagegen sprechen die Inschriften aus dem 2. und 1. Jh. v. Chr. in Gallien, Spanien und Africa mit dem Imperatortitel sowie in Makedonien und Kleinasien bis zur Verwaltungsreform Sullas mit dem griechischen Pendant ‚strategos hypatos‘ und ‚strategos anthypatos‘. Überholt scheint deshalb die Konzeption des drei Bände umfassenden Standardwerks des Amerikaners T.R.S. Broughton „The Magistrates of the Roman Republic“ (1951/2 und 1986), der die Feldherren jahrweise unter „Magistrates“ (ab 509 v. Chr.) und „Promagistrates“ (ab 326 v. Chr.) rubrizierte. Broughton konnte sich auf die (pro)magistratischen Funktionsangaben von Livius, Appian und Cassius Dio stützen und außerdem auf die entsprechenden Titel ‚cos.‘, ‚pro cos.‘, ‚pr.‘ und ‚pro pr.‘ in den Kapitolinischen Triumphalfasten.

Es soll gezeigt werden, dass die zahlreichen Feldherren, die in den Inschriften und auf Münzen als ‚imperatores‘ belegt sind, ihren Titel nicht, wie Mommsen annahm, den in der antiken Literatur mehrfach beschriebenen militärischen Akklamationen im Feld nach einem Sieg verdankten, sondern dass sie vor ihrem Auszug ins Feld vom hochgestimmten römischen Volk auf dem Marsfeld in Form eines Staatsaktes zum Imperator ausgerufen wurden.

Reihe

Münchner Studien zur Alten Welt - Band 18
Conflict In Prosecuting Criminal Actions Against Someone With Digital Proof Evidence
Authors: Jamalih Muhamad 
Published: February 2025

The Criminal Law Book (abbreviated as the Criminal Code) contains instructions and descriptions regarding offenses, criminal acts, criminal acts, criminal incidents, namely regulations regarding the conditions or elements of whether or not a person can be sentenced to a crime (punishment) and rules regarding punishment, namely regulating who and how the sentence is imposed. Valid evidence in criminal case trials according to Article 184 of the Criminal Procedure Code are: Witness Statements, Expert Statements, Letters, Instructions and Defendant Statements. So the judge can use his freedom of independence to assess the strength of the evidence with a guide in certain circumstances. The formulation of the problem is in accordance with the introductory explanation above, namely: What is the legal position of the dispute over digital guidance devices referred to as CCTV in criminal trials? Why can the clue evidence referred to by CCTV influence the judge's confidence in deciding the criminal case? This study is about Normative Juridical Analysis of the existence of related digital aid complications which are used as a means of evidence in police investigations up to the court stage.
Desain Sumur Resapan Pengolahan Limbah Cucian Mobil X
Authors: Mela Ardeline  , Revi Lasmita  , Winda Yuliana Sari  
Published: February 2025

Car washes have become increasingly popular in some areas, but this growth has also had a negative impact on environmental quality, as untreated wash water is often discharged directly into car wash drainage systems without any prior treatment. This discharge of unfiltered wastewater can lead to high levels of COD (chemical oxygen demand) and surfactants in nearby water sources if carried out intensively. Much of the wastewater is often classified as waste. It is discharged by car wash operators into the drainage system and eventually into smaller waterways. In 2014, the Minister of the Environment highlighted the importance of managing cleaning waste due to its harmful effects on the environment and health. Based on the Pekanbaru Municipality's Regional Regulation No. 8 of 2003 on the payment of liquid waste treatment control permit, which stipulates that every industry must carry out waste treatment before discharging into the environment and each industry must also pay a fee, this study will allow the design of absorption wells, which will be used to treat liquid waste from car washes, so that the wastewater absorbed into the ground is no longer a contaminated liquid waste. By treating the waste by the method of infiltration pits, it is hoped that the environment and the health of the residents around the laundry will be well preserved.
Film sebagai medium untuk menyampaikan pendidikan seks: analisis isi serial produksi netflix “sex education”
Authors: Harsono Ari , Pangastono Khalif Anant 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT
Background: This paper analyzes how the Netflix series “Sex Education” as a form of mass communication media deliver sex education to the audiences. The concept analyzed in this paper is the implication of the five categories of comprehensive sexuality education (CSE) topics promoted by UNFPA. In addition, this paper also looks for the root causes of problems related to sex education that this series tries to overcome. Methods: This study uses content analysis method by observing the scenes in the series as well as analyzing its relationship with the concept. Findings: The results of the analysis show that all topic categories in CSE are contained in the Sex Education series, making this series a good means of informal sex education for audiences, especially teenagers. Conclusion: The suggestion for further research is to use audience reception theory related to the meaning of content about sex and sexuality in the Sex Education series with quantitative and qualitative approaches.

ABSTRAK
Latar Belakang: Tulisan ini menganalisis bagaimana series Netflix “Sex Education” sebagai salah satu bentuk media komunikasi massa menyampaikan edukasi seks ke khalayak. Konsep yang dianalisis dalam tulisan ini adalah implikasi dari lima kategori topik comprehensive sexuality education (CSE) yang diusung oleh UNFPA. Selain itu, tulisan ini juga mencari akar penyebab masalah terkait pendidikan seks yang serial ini coba atasi. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan metode analisis isi dengan melakukan observasi terhadap adegan dalam series sekaligus menganalisis keterkaitannya dengan konsep. Hasil: Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa seluruh kategori topik dalam CSE terkandung dalam series Sex Education, membuat series ini dapat menjadi sarana edukasi seks informal yang baik untuk khalayak terutama remaja. Kesimpulan: Adapun saran untuk penelitian selanjutnya yaitu dapat menggunakan teori resepsi audiens terkait pemaknaan konten seputar seks dan seksualitas dalam series Sex Education dengan pendekatan kuantitatif dan kualitatif.
Model Analisis studi ketahanan pangan dalam rumah tangga nelayan Indonesia
Authors: Wurianturi Indrajati 
Published: February 2025

Latar Belakang: Penelitian ini berusaha melihat kondisi pangan di perkampungan nelayan Indonesia sebagai salah satu perkampungan dengan angka kemiskinan yang cukup tinggi. Perkampungan nelayan menarik untuk diteliti karena memiliki potensi yang besar sebagai sumber pangan terutama protein, namun seringkali penduduknya mengalami kerawanan pangan. Tujuan penulisan ini adalah untuk melihat kebijakan-kebijakan apa yang dapat diusulkan kepada pemerintah sehingga tingkat kerawanan pangan di desa nelayan dapat diturunkan. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualititatif deskriprif melaui proses literature review untuk memahami berbagai data sekunder yang dimiliki. Proses analisis akan menghasilkan temuan mengenai kebijakan yang dapat dilakukan oleh pemerintah. Temuan: Penelitian ini menganalisis ketahanan pangan rumah tangga pada setiap nelayan. Hasil yang dapat disimpulkan berupa pemahaman bahwa nelayan di perkampungan nelayan harus dibantu agar dapat meningkatkan taraf hidupnya. Selanjutnya, ketahanan pangan di perkampungan nelayan pun perlu ditingkatkan dengan melakukan berbagai program yang dilakukan secara komprehensif melalui mempertimbangkan FEW Nexus (Food,water and energy Nexus). Kesimpulan: Di samping itu, setiap program-program yang akan dijalankan perlu melibatkan peran serta masyarakat agar dapat berjalan dengan baik dan berkelanjutan. Hal ini agar kemakmuran masyarakat nelayan di Indonesia tetap terjamin.
Enhancement of Secure Hospital Healthcare Monitoring System Based–Software Defined Network (SDN) with Machine Learning
Authors: Ahmed Sarah Shihab , Shakir Huda Rashid 
Published: February 2025

Handling delicate and crucial knowledge by healthcare providers requires security measures to prevent unapproved use. Software-defined networks (SDNs) are extensively used in medical facilities to ensure resource efficiency, security, and superior network management and management. Despite these advantages, SDNs present a significant threat from various assaults due to the sensitivity of patient information. Our work's primary goal is to propose a global connection between SDN technology and machine learning-based assaults in healthcare. This paper aims to draw attention to a few relevant options. Additionally, we give a framework using software-defined network principles that illustrate linkages between a collection of people, each of whom has a Nano network residing within their bodies, and medical providers via the local network of a medical center. In health care, the initiative is sometimes called an issue of machine learning assault systems and amenities. The current possibilities for machine learning cyberattacks on the medical industry are quite promising. It is also highly well-liked because of its capacity to identify and assess. From a single instrument to the enormous amounts of data gathered, this evolution radically changes how we approach medicine. This work uses a range of ML approaches and attacks to test MLCAH (Machine Learning-based Cyber Attacks Healthcare). For every combination of machine learning methods and assaults, an efficiency assessment highlights the benefits and drawbacks of different algorithms for defending against a specific assault.
5 Pułk Ułanów Zasławskich w walkach o niepodległość
Authors: Kruszewski Tadeusz 
Published: February 2025

5 pułk ułanów był jednym z pierwszych oddziałów, które zaczęły się formować w niepodległej Polsce w pamiętnych dniach listopadowych. Oficerowie pułku, na czele z ppłk. Sochaczewskim, wyrwawszy się z twierdzy w Brześciu nad Bugiem natychmiast pośpieszyli do Warszawy. Dnia 13 listopada 1918 r. ppłk Sochaczewski zameldował się u Komendanta Piłsudskiego, a już 14 listopada, na mocy rozkazu szefa sztabu generalnego, rozpoczął formowanie 5 pułku ułanów z miejscem postoju w Mińsku Mazowieckim. W Mińsku znajdował się szwadron kawalerii polskiej tzw. „Polskiego Wehrmachtu", zorganizowany jeszcze przez Niemców. Oficerowie tego szwadronu, pochodzący z 2 pułku ułanów II Brygady Legionów, zostali wcieleni do organizującego się 5 pułku.

Skan artykułu udostępniony z zasobów prowadzonego przez Muzeum Historii Polski repozytorium BazHum.
ASSESSING NURSING FACULTY READINESS AND CAPACITY TO TEACH SEXUAL AND REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH AND RIGHTS (SRHR) THROUGH GAMIFICATION WHILE MAINTAINING CULTURAL APPROPRIATENESS IN DIR LOWER, KPK. A QUALITATIVE EXPLORATORY STUDY
Authors: Khan Jalal , Ali Tazeen Saeed 
Published: February 2025

Background: Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights (SRHR) are essential to promote health equity and well-being. However, in some culturally conservative areas such as Dir Lower, KPK, teaching SRHR faces challenges due to social norms and taboos. Gamification, an innovative teaching strategy, has shown potential to engage nursing students and enhance learning outcomes in such areas. However, its implementation in culturally sensitive areas depends on the readiness and capacity of nursing faculty.
Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the readiness and capacity of nursing faculty to teach SRHR using gamified tools while maintaining cultural appropriateness. It seeks to recognize faculty perceptions, challenges, and support requirements to adopt gamification strategies more effectively.
Methods: A qualitative exploratory design was used, including 12 in-depth interviews with nursing faculty from a nursing institute in Dir Lower, KPK. The data was analyzed using content analysis to identify themes related to faculty readiness, barriers, and social and cultural considerations.
Results: Faculty demonstrated varied awareness levels regarding SRHR. While gamification was identified as an innovative approach for teaching. However, concerns regarding cultural sensitivity and feasibility were prevalent. Challenges such as limited technological resources, inadequate training, and potential negative perceptions and resistance from the community were highlighted. Participants highlighted the importance of aligning game-based content with cultural, social and religious norms to ensure acceptance.
Conclusions: Findings highlights the need for targeted faculty development programs, emphasizing on gamification principles and cultural competence. Tailored training initiatives and resource allocation can empower nursing faculty to teach SRHR in culturally sensitive settings, fostering improved health education outcomes.
Unmet need in fertile age couples based on PK-21 data at stunting locus in Tapin Regency
Authors: Palimbo Adriana , Marlena Leny , Redjeki Dwi Sogi Sri , Tambun M S M O Siska Selvija 
Published: February 2025

Background: Unmet need for family planning remains a significant public health issue, particularly in regions with high population growth and stunting prevalence. Tapin Regency in South Kalimantan Province experiences challenges in achieving family planning targets, with unmet need contributing to elevated fertility rates and population growth.
Objective: This study aims to analyze the unmet need for family planning among fertile age couples in stunting locus sub-districts of Tapin Regency, focusing on the distribution of unmet need for spacing and limiting, and identifying potential areas for targeted intervention.
Method: A descriptive survey design was employed using secondary data from the PK-21 (Pendataan Keluarga 2021 [En: Family Cencus – 2021]) database provided by the National Population and Family Planning Board (BKKBN). The study analyzed data from 12 sub-districts identified as stunting loci in Tapin Regency. The data included total unmet need, unmet need for spacing, and unmet need for limiting, which were quantitatively processed and presented as percentages.
Results: The analysis revealed that the total unmet need in Tapin Regency reached 9.5%. The unmet need for limiting (65.1%) was significantly higher than for spacing (34.8%). Among the sub-districts, Binuang recorded the highest total unmet need (19.2%), while South Candi Laras had the lowest (3.5%). Sub-districts with higher unmet need were found to have greater challenges in family planning program implementation, necessitating targeted interventions.
Conclusion: Unmet need for limiting dominates the family planning challenges in Tapin Regency, particularly in sub-districts with high fertility rates. Addressing these unmet needs requires tailored strategies, including enhancing awareness, accessibility, and cultural sensitivity of family planning programs.
Numérimorphose et mutations de la télévision et des écrans dans Mukbang de Fanie Demeule
Authors: Loranger Caroline 
Published: February 2025

Mukbang de Fanie Demeule aborde l’influence des écrans dans la société moderne à travers le mukbang, pratique lors de laquelle des internautes regardent des vidéos de personnes mangeant de grandes quantités de nourriture en direct sur YouTube. Le roman rapporte le destin de Kim Delorme, une jeune influenceuse qui perd la vie en essayant de consommer 20 000 calories lors d’un de ces mukbangs. Dans cette oeuvre, Demeule utilise plus de 200 codes QR pour enrichir le récit avec des contenus numériques, soulignant ainsi les thèmes de la cyberdépendance, des troubles alimentaires et de l’isolement social malgré une hyperconnexion. L’article analyse la représentation négative de la société de l’écran dans Mukbang, en utilisant le concept de « numérimorphose » pour décrire la transformation de la télévision en média numérique, exacerbant ses aspects les plus sombres sur Internet. L’autrice explore comment cette mutation est thématisée dans le roman et comment les codes QR intégrés dans le texte permettent aux lecteurs de ressentir directement les effets des écrans. Cette approche enrichit l’expérience de lecture, transformant le roman en un « livre-écran » qui réfléchit sur l’influence et les possibles dangers des nouveaux médias.
Biodiesel production via transesterification: a review on process intensification with ultrasound and surfactants
Authors: Ferreira Fernanda Pinheiro Mota da Silva , Simonelli George , Santos Luiz Carlos Lobato dos 
Published: February 2025

Biodiesel is a renewable, biodegradable biofuel and an excellent alternative to fossil diesel. It is obtained from the transesterification of lipid compounds. Furthermore, due to its ecological relevance in the global energy matrix, various scientific studies have been carried out to enhance and improve its production process. These include ultrasonic techniques as process boosters, as well as the use of surfactants. The ultrasonic method is an innovative approach that uses high-frequency ultrasonic waves to intensify transesterification, and the surfactant reduces the interfacial resistance between oil and alcohol and facilitates mass transfer between the parties during the chemical reaction. In this literature review article, several relevant works are presented, with the aim of presenting a collection of the most commonly used raw materials and the techniques mentioned, with a focus on ultrasound, as well as the substances used as surfactants. Thus, in view of the difficulty of mass transfer between the phases in transesterification, this review suggests the use of ultrasonic techniques combined with the use of surfactants.
Relationship between Smartphone Addiction and Sleeping Disorder among Senior High School Students
Authors: Tacda Sheda Marie , Ganados Nikcha Grace , Abarilla Aehdam Mhoroni , Eltagonde Reshel Joy , Bualan Hannah Faith , Limpangog April Divine , Rucaberte Ryza , Doren Mylyn 
Published: February 2025

Aims: Smartphones are technical devices that have a huge impact on people’s daily lives, causing them to change their habits and behaviors. Several studies reveal many factors that influence students sleep disorders, and one of them is smartphone addiction. This study was conducted to examine the relationship between smartphone addiction and sleep disorders
Study Design: The study employed a descriptive-correlation type of research.
Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted at UM Digos College (Philippines) under the Senior High School Department and was implemented in the Academic Year 2023-2024.
Methodology: This study utilized a standardized survey questionnaire that was contextualized by the researchers. It was participated in by 200 students in grades 11 and 12 at University of Mindanao Digos College and utilized stratified random sampling.
Results: The results indicated that the more the student is addicted to their smartphone, the more they will have sleeping disorders. The finding also proved that students with poor sleep quality are addicted to smartphones. Smartphone addiction was found to be associated with sleep disturbances.
Conclusion: On this basis, the problem of smartphone addiction and sleep disturbance should be tackled in order to improve the sleeping patterns of students and their overall health.
Effect of Substitution of Fish Meal by Cricket Meal (Acheta domesticus) on the Growth of Fry of Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Authors: AKLE Mantinou A. , SEGNON Constant Bienvenu , Gansa Houénafa A.C. , AGADJIHOUEDE Hyppolite 
Published: February 2025

Aims: This study evaluates cricket meal (Acheta domesticus) as an alternative to fishmeal in feeding tilapia fry (Oreochromis niloticus) to valorize of alternative protein sources in aquaculture feeding in Benin.
Study Design: A randomized block experimental design.
Place and Duration of Study: Agro-fish farm "ASSIKY", Department of Ouémé, commune of Akpro-Missérété, district of Vakon, village Ahohouèssa, between June 2018 and August 2018.
Methodology: A control diet (R0) based on fishmeal and a diet (R100) containing 100% cricket meal. Four fine mesh happa (2 m x 1 m) were installed in a 500 m² pond. Each tank was stocked with 20 tilapia fry with an initial average weight of 10.41 +/- 0.5 g. The test was repeated thrice, and the two treatments were randomly assigned to the tanks. The fry were fed twice daily at 10 A.M. and 5 P.M., with a feeding rate of 6% of the total biomass. Parameters measured included survival rate, average daily gain, Consumption Index, and specific growth rate.
Results: The results showed that fry-fed R100 achieved significantly better performance (P < 0.05) than those fed R0. The Average Daily Gain (ADG) of fry varied from 0.09 +/- 0.01 g/d to 0.17 +/- 0.03 g/d. The specific growth rate (TCS) was 1.30 +/- 0.15 in R100 and 0.75 +/- 0.08 in R0. Consumption Index was lower for R100 (3.85 +/- 0.99) compared to R0 (6.91 +/- 0.86). Survival rate was 100% in both groups.
Conclusion: These results highlight the potential use of insects as an alternative protein source to fishmeal in aquaculture diets, and it is recommended that these results be validated under a variety of rearing conditions and over extended periods to ensure their robustness.
Theoretical Analysis of Nonlinear Partial Differential Equations with Mixed Boundary Conditions
Authors: M.Rajaram  , A.Meena  
Published: February 2025

The solution of author’s mathematical model of Magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) flow of a Casson fluid is discussed. The given nonlinear partial differential equations are converted into nonlinear ordinary differential equations using similarity transformations. The simple and closed form analytical expression for concentration profiles is provided. The compatibility of analytical results with simulation results can be observed from the graphs and table presented.