bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sustainability of food purchases according to sociodemographic factors
Authors: Somaraki M , Rollet P , Recchia D , Vonthron S , Perrin C , Bricas N , Charreire H , Perignon M , Méjean C 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

While the nutritional quality and environmental impact of diets are widely assessed, different production modes (organic vs. conventional) remain understudied as for sustainability. The present study examines the associations between different dimensions of sustainability of food purchases and sociodemographic factors. Households (n = 462) were included in this cross-sectional study using quota sampling in Montpellier Metropolitan Area. Food items acquired over one month were registered in a food supply diary, and the expenditure share of each food group (including organic food) was estimated. Validated indexes estimated scores reflecting the nutritional quality and the environmental impact of food purchases according to these expenditure shares. Associations were tested for each sustainability dimension using linear and multinomial logistic regression models adjusted for sociodemographic factors (e.g. age, education, living area). The age of the household's reference person was consistently related to the sustainability dimensions of food purchases, albeit in different ways. While older age was associated with better nutritional quality (estimate for age &gt;50 years vs. age between 30-50 [95%CI]=0.91[0.29;1.54]), it was associated with a higher environmental impact (estimate for age &gt;50 years vs. age between 30-50 [95%CI]=1.84[0.95;2.73]). Households with a highly educated reference person (OR master's degree vs. lower education levels [95%CI]=1.59 [1.02;2.47] had a larger share of organic foods and those living around the city of Montpellier (OR vs. living in the city centre [95%CI]=0.44[0.24;0.81]) had a smaller share. Our findings highlight that sociodemographic factors relate to sustainability dimensions in different ways. In addition, we address organic food purchases, which provide insights into different aspects of sustainability. Taken together, the findings suggest that there are various levers for promoting healthy and sustainable diets at the consumer level.

Key messages
• Sustainability of food purchases relates to sociodemographic factors (i.e. age, education, and living location); different dimensions may be addressed.
• Mode of food production (i.e., organic) may provide insights in the context of sustainable diets.
How ready is the Italian healthcare system in the use of genomics? The B1MG Maturity Level Model
Authors: Baccolini V , Pitini E , Cicchetti A , Boccia S , Villari P 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background
The integration of genomics into healthcare systems allows to fulfilling the potential of Personalised Medicine for patients and citizens. This demands countries to make extensive adjustments in key areas, such as technical infrastructure, health professional competencies, or ethical and legal frameworks. Effective identification of current challenges and barriers to integrating genomics in the healthcare system is crucial to define a path toward sustainable implementation.

Methods
We applied the B1MG Maturity Level Model framework to assess the maturity of the Italian national health system (NHS) in key aspects of genomics implementation. From March to June 2022, 18 experts from academic and non-academic institutions that participate in the B1MG activities rated on a 5-point scale (from ad hoc to fully implemented) the level of maturity of 49 indicators grouped into eight domains: governance (I), economic aspects (II), ethics and legislation (III), public awareness (IV), workforce skills (V), clinical organization (VI), clinical genomics guidelines (VII), and data infrastructure (VIII). From July to September 2022, consensus procedures were carried out within each domain.

Results
Italy stands at a local level of genomics implementation in most indicators, but several regional and/or national initiatives are ongoing. Genomic medicine is considered a priority but still lacks updated strategies, governance, and investment plans. The highest maturity is reached for ethical and legal aspects, followed by domain VII. There is a strong need to invest in workforce training for some health professionals, citizen engagement, and literacy. Infrastructures to improve data security and fairification are still under development.

Conclusions
We defined the status of genomics implementation in the Italian NHS, drawing a comprehensive picture of all key domains and identifying areas for investment. Regional and national initiatives currently ongoing need to be monitored.

Key messages
• Italy stands at a local level of genomics implementation in most indicators, but several regional and/or national initiatives are ongoing.
• Genomic medicine is considered a priority but lacks updated strategies, governance, and investment plans.
Stakeholder perspectives on the 2020 global health strategy of the German federal government
Authors: Detering B , Namer Y , Saint V 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background
The second German Global Health Strategy was published in 2020 after a development process including a consultation with non-state stakeholders. To date, there has been no systematic investigation of these stakeholders’ perspectives regarding the consultation processes and strategy.

Methods
Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 11 German global health stakeholders involved in the consultation, with purposive sampling informed by a stakeholder mapping applying Clarke et al.'s (2018) situational analysis approach.

Results
The German government's initiative to consult stakeholders for the strategy development was positively perceived. Perspectives on the consultation process varied, especially regarding the framework conditions (e.g. time and resource constraints), structure and composition of the stakeholder groups (e.g. no adequate reflection of diverse positions) as well as the participatory nature and the representativeness of the stakeholders involved. A particular critique was the limited information provided about the strategy development process, especially once stakeholder position papers were submitted. The inclusion of climate change, human rights and health system strengthening were seen as strengths of the final strategy. Perceived exclusions or weaknesses were (forced) migration, health workforce and financing issues, which were attributed to disagreements in inter-ministerial coordination. The need for a concrete action plan and fostering coherence between ministries was seen as vital for the strategy's implementation. The strategy provides stakeholders with a way to strategically position and justify their own work, and their continued involvement in strategy implementation efforts is desired.

Conclusions
This study shows overall support for a participatory policy-making process and provides insights into stakeholder perspectives regarding the 2020 German Global Health Strategy, as well as ways future consultations can be strengthened.

Key messages
• Stakeholder perspectives on the 2020 German Global Health Strategy varied; identifying inclusion of social and planetary issues as strength, and exclusion of migration and an action plan as weakness.
• Future global health strategy development processes should consider participatory approaches, transparent communication and stakeholder representativeness in stakeholder consultation.
Food Insecurity, Disability and Age
Authors: Hadfield-Spoor M , Loopstra R 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background
Food insecurity is a growing public health concern. Disabled people are at higher risk of food insecurity than non-disabled people. Evidence suggests this diminishes for older people. We examine how the relationship between disability and food insecurity varies at different ages and explore the extent to which socio-economic factors account for and modify the relationship.

Methods
Data came from the fourth and fifth waves of the UK's Food Standards Agency's Food and You survey (n = 6,187), which contain data on disability and household food insecurity. We explored predicted probabilities of food insecurity from logistic regression models between disabled and non-disabled people for 10-year age cohorts. Stratified analyses, further explored differences in vulnerability to food insecurity at working age and 65+.

Results
Predicted probability of food insecurity for disabled people declined with age, as did the gap in risk between disabled and non-disabled people. The predicted probability of food insecurity among disabled people under 65 was 23% (95% CI: 19%-27%), whereas for disabled people 65+, it was 5% (95% CI: 3%-7%). Among people of working age, socio-economic factors explained some, but not all, of the increased risk of food insecurity associated with disability. Disabled people in full-time work were still significantly more likely to be food insecure than non-disabled people in work: 15% (95% CI: 11%-20%) vs 8 % (95% CI: 6%-9%) respectively. Among older adults, disabled people with savings were not at significantly higher risk of food insecurity, whereas those without savings were: 0.4% (95% CI: 0.4%-1%) vs 5% (95% CI: 3%-7%), respectively.

Conclusions
Findings indicate the increased risk of food insecurity for disabled people is partially explained by socio-economic factors. However, there is a need for further research to explain unobserved risk factors for food insecurity among disabled people of working age especially.

Key messages
• Socioeconomic factors play an important role in disabled people's increased risk of food insecurity.
• Observed socioeconomic factors alone do not fully explain increased risk of food insecurity among working age disabled people. More research is needed.
Which burden of COVID-19 was greater: main diagnosis or comorbidity?
Authors: Šantrić Milićević M , Rosić N , Vujetić M , Pavlović N , Stevanović A , Jovanović V , Devleesschauwer B , Anton A , Von der Lippe E , Rommel A 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background
Severe cases of COVID-19 require hospital treatment due to the risk of developing a life-threatening condition. Monitoring and reporting indicators of severe forms of COVID-19 in the population can warn health authorities of its increasing presence and the growing demand for hospital treatment and measures to protect persons at risk. By estimating the total and age-sex disaggregated Years Lived with Disability (YLD), we differentiated the magnitude of the burden of COVID-19 among inpatients with COVID-19 as the main diagnosis and as comorbidity.

Methods
Within the EU-COST Action 18218 and as partners of the BoCO-19 study, we calculated the total age and sex-disaggregated YLD and YLD/100,000 population due to COVID-19 for hospitalized cases in Serbia from 2020 March 6 - December 31. The number of cases of ICD-X: U07.1 and U07.2 as the main diagnosis, separately and with U07.1 as comorbidity, were taken from the hospitalization database of the Institute of Public Health of Serbia, and disability weights and length of the disease from the German national BoD study.

Results
In 2020, 25,496 covid-19 cases were hospitalized (55.9% were men). 65.7% of all cases were covid-19 as a comorbidity diagnosis. 195.0 YLD was estimated for all hospitalized cases (man: 109.0 YLD or 3.2 YLD /100,000, women: 95.9 YLD or 2.4 YLD/100,000). YLD and YLD/100,000 due to covid-19 as a comorbidity diagnosis were the highest among males aged 40-84 and females aged 55-84.

Conclusions
In Serbia, more men than women were hospitalized due to COVID-19. Hospitalized adult men had the most YLD and the highest YLD rates. Inpatients in which covid-19 was diagnosed as a comorbidity had higher YLD and YLD rates, especially male patients. On average, the YLD burden of COVID-19 as a comorbidity for hospitalized cases was almost triple that of COVID-19 as the main diagnosis, suggesting the need for improving health protection and safety measures.

Key messages
• In Serbia, among hospitalized cases, the YLD due to COVID-19 is three times higher in patients diagnosed with COVID-19 as a comorbidity than in the main diagnosis.
• To decrease the YLD due to severe COVID-19, enhancing the safety and health protection of inpatients from contracting COVID-19 as comorbidity is of utmost importance.
Impact of breast cancer care pathways and related symptoms on the return-to-work process
Authors: Bertin M , Rolland A L , Porro B , Roquelaure Y , Kab S , Ribet C 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background
Breast cancer (BC) treatments and related symptoms may affect return to work (RTW). The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of BC care pathways (timing and sequence of treatments) and related symptoms on RTW.

Methods
The study population included working-age women with BC who were enrolled in the French CONSTANCES cohort from 2012 to 2018. BC treatments, antidepressants/anxiolytic and antalgic drug deliveries (used as proxies of depression and pain, respectively) and statutory sick pay (used to estimate RTW and time to RTW) were assessed monthly using data from the French national healthcare system database. BC care pathways were identified with the sequence analysis method. Cox models with time-dependent covariates were used to investigate the impact of BC care pathways and related symptoms on RTW and time to RTW, after adjusting for age and socioeconomic characteristics.

Results
73.2% (231/303) of women returned to work within 2 years after BC diagnosis. Five BC care pathway patterns were identified: (i) BC surgery only, (ii) BC surgery and radiotherapy, (iii) BC surgery and chemotherapy, (iv) BC surgery and chemotherapy and radiotherapy, and (v) BC surgery and long-term alternative chemotherapy/radiotherapy. The hazards ratios of non-RTW were significantly higher for women who received BC surgery and long-term alternative chemotherapy/radiotherapy and for &gt;55-year-old women. Time to RTW was significantly longer in women who received chemotherapy (patterns iii to v) and in women with antidepressant/anxiolytic and antalgic drug deliveries.

Conclusions
This study highlights the value of considering the dynamic, cumulative, and temporal features of BC care pathways and related symptoms to facilitate the RTW of women with BC &gt;

Key messages
• This study emphasizes the necessity to consider the holistic and temporal aspect of care pathways.
• The relation between care pathways and return-to-work process and job retention in cancer survivors should be further investigated.
The groundnut improvement network for Africa (GINA) germplasm collection: a unique genetic resource for breeding and gene discovery
Authors: Conde Soukeye , Rami Jean-François , Okello David K , Sambou Aissatou , Muitia Amade , Oteng-Frimpong Richard , Makweti Lutangu , Sako Dramane , Faye Issa , Chintu Justus , Coulibaly Adama M , Miningou Amos , Asibuo James Y , Konate Moumouni , Banla Essohouna M , Seye Maguette , Djiboune Yvette R , Tossim Hodo-Abalo , Sylla Samba N , Hoisington David , Clevenger Josh , Chu Ye , Tallury Shyam , Ozias-Akins Peggy , Fonceka Daniel 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Cultivated peanut or groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is a grain legume grown in many developing countries by smallholder farmers for food, feed, and/or income. The speciation of the cultivated species, that involved polyploidization followed by domestication, greatly reduced its variability at the DNA level. Mobilizing peanut diversity is a prerequisite for any breeding program for overcoming the main constraints that plague production and for increasing yield in farmer fields. In this study, the Groundnut Improvement Network for Africa assembled a collection of 1,049 peanut breeding lines, varieties, and landraces from 9 countries in Africa. The collection was genotyped with the Axiom_Arachis2 48K SNP array and 8,229 polymorphic single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers were used to analyze the genetic structure of this collection and quantify the level of genetic diversity in each breeding program. A supervised model was developed using dapc to unambiguously assign 542, 35, and 172 genotypes to the Spanish, Valencia, and Virginia market types, respectively. Distance-based clustering of the collection showed a clear grouping structure according to subspecies and market types, with 73% of the genotypes classified as fastigiata and 27% as hypogaea subspecies. Using STRUCTURE, the global structuration was confirmed and showed that, at a minimum membership of 0.8, 76% of the varieties that were not assigned by dapc were actually admixed. This was particularly the case of most of the genotype of the Valencia subgroup that exhibited admixed genetic heritage. The results also showed that the geographic origin (i.e. East, Southern, and West Africa) did not strongly explain the genetic structure. The gene diversity managed by each breeding program, measured by the expected heterozygosity, ranged from 0.25 to 0.39, with the Niger breeding program having the lowest diversity mainly because only lines that belong to the fastigiata subspecies are used in this program. Finally, we developed a core collection composed of 300 accessions based on breeding traits and genetic diversity. This collection, which is composed of 205 genotypes of fastigiata subspecies (158 Spanish and 47 Valencia) and 95 genotypes of hypogaea subspecies (all Virginia), improves the genetic diversity of each individual breeding program and is, therefore, a unique resource for allele mining and breeding.
E2F1, DIAP1, and the presence of a homologous chromosome promote while JNK inhibits radiation-induced loss of heterozygosity in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Brown Jeremy , Su Tin Tin 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) can occur when a heterozygous mutant cell loses the remaining wild-type allele to become a homozygous mutant. LOH can have physiological consequences if, for example, the affected gene encodes a tumor suppressor. We used fluorescent reporters to study the mechanisms of LOH induction by X-rays, a type of ionizing radiation (IR), in Drosophila melanogaster larval wing discs. IR is used to treat more than half of patients with cancer, so understanding its effects is of biomedical relevance. Quantitative analysis of IR-induced LOH at different positions between the telomere and the centromere on the X chromosome showed a strong sex dependence and the need for a recombination-proficient homologous chromosome, whereas, paradoxically, position along the chromosome made little difference in LOH incidence. We propose that published data documenting high recombination frequency within centromeric heterochromatin on the X chromosome can explain these data. Using a focused screen, we identified E2F1 as a key promotor of LOH and further testing suggests a mechanism involving its role in cell-cycle regulation. We leveraged the loss of a transcriptional repressor through LOH to express transgenes specifically in cells that have already acquired LOH. This approach identified JNK signaling and apoptosis as key determinants of LOH maintenance. These studies reveal previously unknown mechanisms for the generation and elimination of cells with chromosome aberrations after exposure to IR.
Dampening effect of global flows on Rayleigh–Taylor instabilities: implications for deep-mantle plumes vis-à-vis hotspot distributions
Authors: Roy Arnab , Ghosh Dip , Mandal Nibir 
Published: October 2023

SUMMARY
It is a well-accepted hypothesis that deep-mantle primary plumes originate from a buoyant source layer at the core–mantle boundary (CMB), where Rayleigh–Taylor instabilities (RTIs) play a key role in the plume initiation process. Previous studies have characterized their growth rates mainly in terms of the density, viscosity and layer-thickness ratios between the denser overburden and the source layer. The RTIs, however, develop in the presence of global flows in the overlying mantle, which can act as an additional factor in the plume mechanics. Combining 2-D computational fluid dynamic (CFD) model simulations and a linear stability analysis, this paper explores the influence of a horizontal global mantle flow in the instability dynamics. Both the CFD simulation results and analytical solutions reveal that the global flow is a dampening factor in reducing the instability growth rate. At a threshold value of the normalized global flow velocity, short- as well as long-wavelength instabilities are completely suppressed, allowing the entire system to advect in the horizontal direction. Using a series of real-scale numerical simulations, this paper also investigates the growth rate as a function of the density contrast, expressed in Atwood number ${A}_T = ({{{\rho }_1 - {\rho }_2}})/({{{\rho }_1 + {\rho }_2}})$, and the viscosity ratio $\ {\mu }^* = \ {\mu }_1/{\mu }_2$, where ${\rho }_1,\ {\mu }_{1\ }$ and ${\rho }_{2,}\ {\mu }_{2\ }$are densities and viscosities of the overburden mantle and source layer, respectively. It is found that increase in either ${A}_T$ or ${\mu }^*$ promotes the growth rate of a plume. In addition, the stability analysis predicts a nonlinearly increasing RTI wavelength with increasing global flow velocity, implying that the resulting plumes widen their spacing preferentially in the flow direction of kinematically active mantle regions. The theory accounts for additional physical parameters: source-layer viscosity and thickness in the analysis of the dominant wavelengths and their corresponding growth rates. The paper finally discusses the problem of unusually large inter-hotspot spacing, providing a new conceptual framework for the origin of sporadically distributed hotspots of deep-mantle sources.
Empowerment and quality of life: the mediating role of self-efficacy and health literacy among spousal caregivers in China
Authors: Chen Xuan , Xiao Xiuying , Huang Xiu’e , Wang Run , Yang Jing , Yang Lingli , Wang Yiling , Zhou Chunlan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe aim of this study was to explore the chain mediation model of self-efficacy and health literacy between empowerment and quality of life among spousal caregivers of disabled elderly based on ‘Marriage Binding’. From December 2020 to June 2022, the cross-sectional study was conducted in hospitals and communities, in Guangdong, Fujian, Sichuan, Hunan, Jiangxi, Guangxi and Yunnan provinces, China. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the demographic data and four main variables, including empowerment, self-efficacy, health literacy and quality of life. Spearman correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between the four main research variables. Multiple Linear Regression and bootstrap analysis were used to analyze the direct and indirect effects among them. Any two variables of spousal caregivers were correlated among empowerment, self-efficacy, health literacy and quality of life. Self-efficacy and health literacy can separately and sequentially mediate the relationship between empowerment and quality of life. To improve the quality of life of spousal caregivers of disabled elderly, the mediating role of self-efficacy, the mediating role of health literacy and the chain mediating role of self-efficacy and health literacy should take effect. In the future, some intervention studies should be taken to enhance the effects of those variables that may be beneficial for improving quality of life of spousal caregivers of disabled elderly.