bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lyman continuum leaker candidates at z ∼ 3–4 in the HDUV based on a spectroscopic sample of MUSE LAEs
Authors: Kerutt J. , Oesch P. A. , Wisotzki L. , Verhamme A. , Atek H. , Herenz E. C. , Illingworth G. D. , Kusakabe H. , Matthee J. , Mauerhofer V. , Montes M. , Naidu R. P. , Nelson E. , Reddy N. , Schaye J. , Simmonds C. , Urrutia T. , Vitte E. 
Published: January 2024

Context. In recent years, a number of Lyman continuum (LyC) leaker candidates have been found at intermediate redshifts, providing insight into how the Universe was reionised at early cosmic times. There are now around 100 known LyC leakers at all redshifts, which enables us to analyse their properties statistically.
Aims. Here, we identify new LyC leaker candidates at z ≈ 3 − 4.5 and compare them to objects from the literature to get an overview of the different observed escape fractions and their relation to the properties of the Lyman α (Lyα) emission line. The aim of this work is to test the indicators (or proxies) for LyC leakage suggested in the literature and to improve our understanding of the kinds of galaxies from which LyC radiation can escape.
Methods. We used data from the Hubble Deep Ultraviolet (HDUV) legacy survey to search for LyC emission based on a sample of ≈2000 Lyα emitters (LAEs) detected previously in two surveys with the Multi-Unit Spectroscopic Explorer (MUSE), namely MUSE-Deep and MUSE-Wide. Based on the redshifts and positions of the LAEs, we look for potential LyC leakage in the WFC3/UVIS F336W band of the HDUV survey. The escape fractions are measured and compared in different ways, including spectral energy distribution (SED) fitting performed using the CIGALE software.
Results. We add 12 objects to the sample of known LyC leaker candidates (5 highly likely leakers and 7 potential ones), 1 of which was previously known, and compare their Lyα properties to their escape fractions. We find escape fractions of between ∼20% and ∼90%, assuming a high transmission in the intergalactic medium (IGM). We present a method whereby the number of LyC leaker candidates we find is used to infer the underlying average escape fraction of galaxies, which is ≈12%.
Conclusion. Based on their Lyα properties, we conclude that LyC leakers are not very different from other high-z LAEs and suggest that most LAEs could be leaking LyC even if this cannot always be detected because of the direction of emission and the transmission properties of the IGM.
12CO+ and 13CO+ fluorescence models for measuring the 12C/13C isotopic ratio in comets
Authors: Rousselot P. , Jehin E. , Hutsemékers D. , Opitom C. , Manfroid J. , Hardy P. 
Published: January 2024

Context. CO is an abundant species in comets, creating CO+ ion with emission lines that can be observed in the optical spectral range. A good modeling of its fluorescence spectrum is important for a better measurement of the CO+ abundance. Such a species, if abundant enough, can also be used to measure the 12C/13C isotopic ratio.
Aims. This study uses the opportunity of a high CO content observed in the comet C/2016 R2 (PanSTARRS), which created bright CO+ emission lines in the optical range, to build and test a new fluorescence model of this species and to measure the 12C/13C isotopic ratio in this chemical species for the first time with ground-based observations.
Methods. Thanks to laboratory data and theoretical works available in the scientific literature, we developed a new fluorescence model both for 12CO+ and 13CO+ ions. The 13CO+ model can be used for coadding faint emission lines and to obtain a sufficient signal-to-noise ratio to detect this isotopologue.
Results. Our fluorescence model provides a good modeling of the 12CO+ emission lines, allowing us to publish revised fluorescence efficiencies. Based on similar transition probabilities for 12CO+ and 13CO+, we derive a 12C/13C isotopic ratio of 73±20 for CO+ in comet C/2016 R2. This value is in agreement with the Solar System ratio of 89±2 within the error bars, but is also consistent with the 12C/13C ratio in local interstellar medium (68±15).
Pulsation modeling of the Cepheid Y Ophiuchi with RSP/MESA
Authors: Hocdé V. , Smolec R. , Moskalik P. , Singh Rathour R. , Ziółkowska O. 
Published: January 2024

Context. Y Ophiuchi (Y Oph) is a classical Cepheid with a pulsation period of P = 17.12 days. This star is reported to be as dim as a Cepheid of about half its pulsation period and it exhibits a low radial velocity and light-curve amplitude. For these reasons, Y Oph is not used to calibrate period-luminosity (PL) relation and its distance remains uncertain.
Aims. Our objective is to conduct hydrodynamical pulsation modeling of Y Oph to derive its distance and provide a physical insight into its low amplitude and luminosity, constrained by an extensive set of observations.
Methods. We first performed a linear analysis on a grid of models using the hydrodynamical pulsation code MESA-RSP to find the combinations of mass, metallicity, effective temperature, and luminosity resulting in linear excitation of pulsations with period of about 17 days. Then, we performed non-linear computations to obtain the full-amplitude pulsations of these models. Last, we compare the results to a complete set of observations along the pulsation cycle, including the angular diameter obtained by interferometry, effective temperature, and radial velocity obtained by high-resolution spectroscopy, as well as the light curves in the VJHKSLM bands. We simultaneously adjusted the distance, the color excess and circumstellar envelope (CSE) model to fit the light curves and the angular diameter.
Results. We find that all pulsation models at high effective temperatures are in remarkable agreement with the observations along the pulsation cycle. This result suggests that the low amplitude of Y Oph may be explained by proximal location to the blue edge of the instability strip (IS). We also find that a pulsational mass of about 7 − 8 M⊙ is consistent with a non-canonical evolutionary model with moderate overshooting, PL relation and Gaia parallax. However, a much lower mass below 5 M⊙ is required to match Baade-Wesselink (BW) distance measurements from the literature. We show that the combination of the impact of the CSE on the photometry, together with a projection factor of about 1.5, explains the discrepant distance and luminosity values obtained from BW methods.
Conclusions. Our findings indicate that the small pulsation amplitude of Y Oph can be attributed to its proximity to the blue edge of the instability strip. Additionally, our analysis reveals that the distances obtained using the BW method are biased compared to Gaia, mainly due to the impact of circumstellar envelope on the photometries and a high p-factor close to 1.5. Despite these unique characteristics, Y Oph is a long-period classical Cepheid that holds potential for calibration of the PL relation in the Galaxy.
Evaporation ages: A new dating method for young star clusters
Authors: Pelkonen V.-M. , Miret-Roig N. , Padoan P. 
Published: January 2024

Context. The ages of young star clusters are fundamental clocks to constrain the formation and evolution of pre-main-sequence stars and their protoplanetary disks and exoplanets. However, dating methods for very young clusters often disagree, casting doubts on the accuracy of the derived ages.
Aims. We propose a new method to derive the kinematic age of star clusters based on the evaporation ages of their stars.
Methods. The method was validated and calibrated using hundreds of clusters identified in a supernova-driven simulation of the interstellar medium forming stars for approximately 40 Myr within a 250 pc region.
Results. We demonstrate that the clusters’ evaporation-age uncertainty can be as small as about 10% for clusters with a large enough number of evaporated stars and small but with realistic observational errors. We have obtained evaporation ages for a pilot sample of ten clusters, finding a good agreement with their published isochronal ages.
Conclusions. The evaporation ages will provide important constraints for modeling the pre-main-sequence evolution of low-mass stars, as well as allow for the star formation and gas-evaporation history of young clusters to be investigated. These ages can be more accurate than isochronal ages for very young clusters, for which observations and models are more uncertain.
Polydiacetylene Micelles in Nanomedicine and Beyond
Authors: Gravel Edmond , Doris Eric , Demeese Céline 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn this account article, we give an overview of our contribution to the development of stable micellar carriers obtained by self-assembly and photo-polymerization of diacetylenic amphiphiles. The stabilized micelles can be loaded with active substances and used for diagnostic and therapeutic applications, or loaded with a metal catalyst to promote some synthetic transformations in fully aqueous medium.Table of content1	Introduction2	Polydiacetylene Micelles Applied to Nanomedicine2.1	From Amphiphilic Units to Micelles2.2	In vivo Behavior of Micelles2.3	Passive Targeting of Tumors with Micelles2.4	Drug Delivery with Micelles2.5	Towards Improved Delivery of Micelles to Tumors Using Sonoporation2.6	Active Targeting with Micelles2.7	Behavior of Micelles at the Cellular Level and Potential Cytotoxicity2.8	Micelles for siRNA Transfection3	Polydiacetylene Micelles Applied to Catalysis3.1	Copper Nanoparticles in Micelles3.2	Copper Salts in Micelles4	Conclusion
A liquid crystal-based multi-bit terahertz reconfigurable intelligent surface
Authors: Shen Ze , Li Weili , Jin Biaobing , Zhao Dixian 
Published: January 2024

Recently, the growing interest in reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) technology has spurred extensive research on its utilization in the terahertz (THz) regime. The reconfiguration of the THz field empowered by the RIS holds great significance for various practical RIS-aided implementations at THz frequencies. In this study, we present a multi-bit liquid crystal-based RIS that allows for the programmable control of THz waves. The proposed RIS is characterized by an achievable 3-bit working state as well as a near 270° maximum phase shift around 0.28 THz. This high degree of freedom in manipulating the phase of the reflected field provides flexibility in terahertz spatial beam reconfigurations. We show that the terahertz single-beam pattern can be steered continuously from 5° to 55° toward the desired angles while also allowing the adjustment of the beam number and beamwidth. Through this demonstration, we aim to contribute to the advancement of RIS technologies in the terahertz regime, paving the way for various RIS-aided applications such as THz wireless communications and beyond.
Infrared spectroscopy of the α-hydroxyethyl radical isolated in cryogenic solid media
Authors: Zasimov Pavel V. , Volosatova Anastasia D. , Góbi Sándor , Keresztes Barbara , Tyurin Daniil A. , Feldman Vladimir I. , Tarczay György 
Published: January 2024

The α-hydroxyethyl radical (CH3·CHOH, 2A) is a key intermediate in ethanol biochemistry, combustion, atmospheric chemistry, radiation chemistry, and astrochemistry. Experimental data on the vibrational spectrum of this radical are crucially important for reliable detection and understanding of the chemical dynamics of this species. This study represents the first detailed experimental report on the infrared absorption bands of the α-hydroxyethyl radical complemented by ab initio computations. The radical was generated in solid para-H2 and Xe matrices via the reactions of hydrogen atoms with matrix-isolated ethanol molecules and radiolysis of isolated ethanol molecules with x rays. The absorption bands with maxima at 3654.6, 3052.1, 1425.7, 1247.9, 1195.6 (1177.4), and 1048.4 cm−1, observed in para-H2 matrices appearing upon the H· atom reaction, were attributed to the OHstr, α-CHstr, CCstr, COstr + CCObend, COstr, and CCstr + CCObend vibrational modes of the CH3·CHOH radical, respectively. The absorption bands with the positions slightly red-shifted from those observed in para-H2 were detected in both the irradiated and post-irradiation annealed Xe matrices containing C2H5OH. The results of the experiments with the isotopically substituted ethanol molecules (CH3CD2OH and CD3CD2OH) and the quantum-chemical computations at the UCCSD(T)/L2a_3 level support the assignment. The photolysis with ultraviolet light (240–300 nm) results in the decay of the α-hydroxyethyl radical, yielding acetaldehyde and its isomer, vinyl alcohol. A comparison of the experimental and theoretical results suggests that the radical adopts the thermodynamically more stable anti-conformation in both matrices.
Benchmarking the accuracy of the separable resolution of the identity approach for correlated methods in the numeric atom-centered orbitals framework
Authors: Delesma Francisco A. , Leucke Moritz , Golze Dorothea , Rinke Patrick 
Published: January 2024

Four-center two-electron Coulomb integrals routinely appear in electronic structure algorithms. The resolution-of-the-identity (RI) is a popular technique to reduce the computational cost for the numerical evaluation of these integrals in localized basis-sets codes. Recently, Duchemin and Blase proposed a separable RI scheme [J. Chem. Phys. 150, 174120 (2019)], which preserves the accuracy of the standard global RI method with the Coulomb metric and permits the formulation of cubic-scaling random phase approximation (RPA) and GW approaches. Here, we present the implementation of a separable RI scheme within an all-electron numeric atom-centered orbital framework. We present comprehensive benchmark results using the Thiel and the GW100 test set. Our benchmarks include atomization energies from Hartree–Fock, second-order Møller–Plesset (MP2), coupled-cluster singles and doubles, RPA, and renormalized second-order perturbation theory, as well as quasiparticle energies from GW. We found that the separable RI approach reproduces RI-free HF calculations within 9 meV and MP2 calculations within 1 meV. We have confirmed that the separable RI error is independent of the system size by including disordered carbon clusters up to 116 atoms in our benchmarks.
The pedagogy for teaching suprasegmental features
Authors: Shamsi Esmat , Bozorgian Hossein 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Suprasegmental (prosody) deficiencies seriously affect English as a foreign language (EFL) learners’
comprehensibility and intelligibility. Among suprasegmental features, the most problematic for Iranian learners is rhythm, due to
fundamental differences between English and Farsi language timing patterns. To improve learners’ pronunciation, computer-assisted
pronunciation training (CAPT) is commonly applied to provide a private, individualized learning environment with unlimited input
and visual, instant, and precise feedback. In our previous study, a specific kind of CAPT application, (MyET™) was used to enhance
suprasegmental features of five Iranian EFL learners. The results showed that CAPT helped them improve their pronunciation
skills. They also had positive attitudes toward taking this approach. In this short paper, we describe how prosody teaching
actually occurred in the classroom, how we used the material, and how we reported the results. Suggestions and recommendations for
further research are also presented.
How direct is the link between words and images?
Authors: Shahmohammadi Hassan , Heitmeier Maria , Shafaei-Bajestan Elnaz , Lensch Hendrik P. A. , Baayen R. Harald 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Günther et al. (2022) investigated the relationship between words and images in which they concluded the possibility of a direct link between words and embodied experience. In their study, participants were presented with a target noun and a pair of images, one chosen by their model and another chosen randomly. Participants were asked to select the image that best matched the target noun. Building upon their work, we addressed the following questions. 1. Apart from utilizing visually embodied simulation, what other strategies subjects might have used? How much does this setup rely on visual information? Can it be solved using textual representations? 2. Do current visually-grounded embeddings explain subjects’ selection behavior better than textual embeddings? 3. Does visual grounding improve the representations of both concrete and abstract words? For this aim, we designed novel experiments based on pre-trained word embeddings. Our experiments reveal that subjects’ selection behavior is explained to a large extend on text-based embeddings and word-based similarities. Visually grounded embeddings offered modest advantages over textual embeddings in certain cases. These findings indicate that the experiment by Günther et al. (2022) may not be well suited for tapping into the perceptual experience of participants, and the extent to which it measures visually grounded knowledge is unclear.
A transparent broadband flexible metamaterial absorber for radar infrared-compatible stealth
Authors: Gao Yulong , Jing Huihui , Wang Jiayun , Kang Jinfeng , Zhao Ling , Chen Linyue , Wang Yongsheng , Duan Junping , Qu Zeng , Zhang Binzhen 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The iterative upgrading of the means of warfare has promoted the development of detection technology, and military activities are increasingly demanding target stealth. In this paper, a multifunctional metamaterial absorber is recommended, which simultaneously realizes the integrated stealth functions of ultra-wideband radar wave absorption, low infrared emission, and optically transparent. The structure is composed of an infrared shield, a radar-absorbing layer, and a reflective layer. Simulation results indicate that the absorption bandwidth in the radar band (1.81–20.4 GHz) is more than 90%, and the infrared emissivity is as low as 0.271 in the IR band (3–14 μm). Moreover, it has the features of flexibility, angle stability (0–45°), polarization insensitivity (0–90°), and so on. Furthermore, the electric field current distribution and equivalent circuit model of the structure are analyzed, and a 180 mm*180 mm sample is built and tested; the results show that the simulated and actual measurements are in agreement, and it is expected that such absorbers will be used in areas such as aircraft.
Monolayer Cu2Se: a topological catalysis in CO2 electroreduction
Authors: Li Zihan , Liu Ying , He Zeqing , Wang Lirong , Dai Xuefang , Liu Guodong 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This investigation provides a comprehensive exploration into the intricate interplay between topological surface states (TSS) and catalytic performance in two-dimensional (2D) materials, with specific emphasis on monolayer Cu2Se. Leveraging the unique characteristics of nodal loop semimetals (NLSMs), we delve into the precise influence of TSS on catalytic activity, particularly in the domain of CO2 electrochemical reduction. Our findings illuminate the central role played by these TSS, arising from the underlying NLSM framework, in sculpting catalytic efficiency. The length of these surface states emerges as a critical determinant of surface density of states (DOSs), a fundamental factor governing catalytic behavior. Extension of these surface states correlates with heightened surface DOSs, yielding lower Gibbs free energies and consequently enhancing catalytic performance, particularly in the electrochemical reduction of CO2. Moreover, we underscore the profound importance of preserving symmetries that protect the nodal loop. The disruption of these symmetries is found to result in a significant degradation of catalytic efficacy, underscoring the paramount significance of topological features in facilitating catalytic processes. Therefore, this study not only elucidates the fundamental role of TSS in dictating the catalytic performance of topological 2D materials but also paves the way for harnessing these unique attributes to drive sustainable and highly efficient catalysis across a diverse spectrum of chemical processes.
MPFANet: a multipath feature aggregation network for steel surface defect detection
Authors: Li Zhongyang , Tai Yichun , Huang Zhenzhen , Peng Tao , Zhang Zhijiang 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
As a crucial component of product quality surveillance in the industrial manufacturing field, surface defect detection plays a pivotal role in achieving industrial automation. Although numerous defect detection methods have been widely used in steel production, complicated defect characteristics still severely affect the accuracy and efficiency of defect detection methods. To solve this problem, we propose a multi-path feature aggregation network that can significantly improve steel defect detection performance. Firstly, we design an efficient multi-path aggregation feature extraction module combining gradient path with data path propagation design paradigm as the backbone feature extraction unit based on YOLOv5. Secondly, in the branch path of the backbone, deformable convolution is introduced to expand the effective receptive field and enhance the capability of extracting irregularly distributed defect features. Furthermore, we propose a chained feature enhanced pooling module that refines feature information to obtain feature maps containing more complicated defect details in the pooling layer. Experimental results on the publicly available steel surface defect datasets show that our proposed model achieves a mean average precision of 81.9

%

on Northeastern University-DET and 72.1

%

on GC10-DET improving by 4.6

%

and 3.4

%

over the baseline, respectively. The proposed defect detection network can achieve a balance between accuracy and efficiency, and meet the demand in practical production. The detection speed of our work reaches 41.1 frames per second (FPS) and 40.0 FPS on the above two datasets, which demonstrates that our method has achieved comprehensive performance in steel surface defect detection.
Nonlinear and nonstationary detection and quantification of multi-scale measured signals for bridge structure
Authors: Shan Deshan , Yu Zhongru , Long Qinchun , Zhang Erhua 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The assessment of nonlinear and nonstationary levels in measured bridge signals is a vital step in system identification and long-term health monitoring for the bridge structure. The field-measured signals from the bridge structure are inherently weak and multiscale, so a specific adaptive variational mode decomposition (AVMD) is proposed to decompose them and extract their included multi-scale features. Combination the adaptability of empirical mode decomposition with the dimensionality reduction of principal component analysis, the number of inherent mode functions (IMFs) that need to be given in the conventional variational mode decomposition is adaptively determined in the proposed AVMD. The original measured signals from the bridge structure multiscale are subsequently decomposed by AVMD into the multiscale IMFs with the lowest cross-correlation. Then, the recurrence plot and recurrence quantification analysis are introduced into the detection and quantification of the measured signals, and the nonlinear and nonstationary quantification indexes are constructed to describe quantitatively the nonlinear and nonstationary levels. The stabilities and accuracies of three nonlinear and three nonstationary quantification indexes are comparatively discussed by the nonlinear and nonstationary detection and quantification of three well-defined simulated signals. The Shannon entropy and trapping time indexes are subsequently determined to quantify the nonlinear and nonstationary levels of the measured signals, respectively. Finally, the proposed algorithm and quantification indexes are applied to the nonlinear and nonstationary detection and quantification of the measured signals from the real-world bridge structures. It is shown from the validation and discussion that the proposed algorithm is available to detect and quantify the nonlinear and nonstationary levels of the measured multiscale signal from the real-world bridge structure.