bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Annius of Viterbo
Authors: Mori Giuliano 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
At the end of the fifteenth century, the authors who were most liable to develop critical methods of assessment grounded in verisimilitude were not eminently interested in facts, whereas those who were most invested in the quest for factual truth either lacked the theoretical means to develop a critical approach to history or considered historical criticism as being distinct from history proper. This disconnect entailed serious consequences that Chapter 5 analyzes through the example of the reception of the infamous historical forgeries by Annius of Viterbo. Under the guise of an antiquarian, Annius exploited the critical weaknesses of Quattrocento historiography in order to pass as true a bogus universal historical account that had the mere appearance of factuality, despite being utterly fictitious and thoroughly non-verisimilar. The chapter focuses on Annius’ deceitful strategies, which were closely related to the characteristic features of Quattrocento antiquarianism, involving the use of pseudo-archeological materials and the definition of historical truth as the objective report of facts in the style of ancient annalists. Annius’ deceitful enterprise was made possible by the antiquarian rejection of historiographical verisimilitude. Once Annius had managed to establish himself as the mere collector of authentic fragments of ancient annals, the lack of verisimilitude that characterized those fragments ceased to be a problem.
Conclusion
Authors: Mori Giuliano 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The forged historical fragments by Annius of Viterbo were ultimately exposed when sixteenth- and seventeenth-century scholars combined the interest in factual truth that characterized Quattrocento antiquarians with the attention for verisimilitude displayed by authors such as Leonardo Bruni and Bartolomeo Facio. Using Annius’ fall from favor as an example, the Conclusion shows that the emergence of historical criticism was contingent on the ability to draw fine distinctions and comparisons that in turn required scholars to operate upon a graded scale of verisimilitude or probability. This claim is substantiated by considering some of the best-known sixteenth-century examples of historical criticism, including the works of François Baudouin, Jean Bodin, and, in particular, Melchor Cano.
Introduction
Authors: Schryer Stephen 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The introduction explores movement conservatives’ concept of the liberal establishment. William F. Buckley, Jr. fleshed out the idea of conservative expertise in God and Man at Yale (1951). In this book, Buckley twines together an elitist and populist critique of the academy, positioning the conservative intellectual as an independent scholar immune to liberal groupthink and as a pious traditionalist attuned to the mores of her community. When Buckley and other conservatives founded National Review, they militated this critique against the American intellectual class and the network of institutions they allegedly controlled; conservatives also used their populist elitism to attack the Civil Rights movement, which they perceived as a threat to white majority rule. This critique of the liberal establishment drew literary intellectuals such as Hugh Kenner, Guy Davenport, and Joan Didion to National Review’s “Books, Arts, Manners” section, which they hoped to transform into a venue for kinds of literary work out of tune with the academy and publishing industry. Over the course of the 1960s, however, these critics found Buckley’s magazine increasingly inhospitable. Drawing on distant reading techniques favored by magazine scholars, the introduction shows how Kenner, Didion, and other writers were gradually displaced by critics more narrowly wedded to populist conservative ideology.
Conservatism’s Popular Fictions
Authors: Schryer Stephen 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Chapter 5 explores fiction written by movement conservatism’s two most influential figureheads: Russell Kirk and William F. Buckley, Jr. Kirk, the author of The Conservative Mind (1952), was the preeminent Burkean traditionalist of the post–World War II era. Historians often juxtapose him and Buckley, seeing Kirk as embodying a more humane version of conservatism, attuned to literature and the fine arts, and eschewing the free-market economics championed by National Review. Kirk and Buckley’s fiction, however, complicates this picture. Both wrote didactic popular literature for a conservative audience; Kirk wrote Christian horror stories, while Buckley is famous for his bestselling Blackford Oakes spy novels. These fictions are linked by their middlebrow aesthetic and by their attempts to imagine academic counter-circuits that might bypass the liberal-dominated university. This chapter focuses on a late-career novel by each writer: Kirk’s Lord of the Hollow Dark (1979) and Buckley’s Last Call for Blackford Oakes (2005). Kirk’s novel features a Satanic book club whose diabolical misinterpretations of T. S. Eliot mirror the reading practices of post-1960s literary criticism. Buckley’s novel presents the CIA as an alternative to the English Department: a place where advanced forms of literary expertise might thrive, pursued by tradition-minded defenders of the West.
Female Groups
Authors: Hardwick Alexandra 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Chapter 6 discusses female groups, who tend to be cast as marginal by default. This chapter focuses on Bacchae, Hecuba, Thesmophoriazusae, and Lysistrata. Female groups’ nature and identity is made deliberately uncertain by evoking and then defying stereotypes of female transgression. To varying extents, we are encouraged to view the women as bacchant revellers, groups of violent man-slaying foreign women, military gatherings, or even democratic assemblies, yet the validity of all these categories is consistently undercut. Not only are off-stage groups of women granted a threatening level of power, but their power is made undefinable and incomprehensible to male characters.
Facility, Circumvention, Economic Duress, and the Corporate Veil
Authors: MacQueen Hector L 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The aim of this chapter is to consider the possible implications for the application of Times Travel Ltd v Pakistan International Airline Corp of a more or less contemporaneous Scottish first instance decision, Lindsay’s Executor v Outlook Finance Ltd. The chapter starts with Ewan McKendrick's arguments regarding Scots law and English law in relation to economic duress. The circumstances in Lindsay’s Executor v Outlook Finance Ltd highlight an unusual application of facility and circumvention in a commercial rather than a purely inter-personal setting, possible because the alleged debtor was a human being acting on his own behalf albeit in support of other family businesses in financial difficulty. The Times Travel case, on the other hand, involved relations between commercial companies, in which facility and circumvention could not have applied. The case also exemplifies the very exposed position of small businesses dealing and contracting with much larger ones. The chapter suggests that in appropriate cases of this kind the corporate veil might be lifted to allow the courts to consider the relations between the human individuals concerned in the transaction as a factor in determining the enforceability of otherwise inter-corporate obligations. Ewan McKendrick’s argument that doctrines of duress, undue influence and (in Scotland) facility and circumvention might be unified under the heads of pre-contractual procedural unfairness or unconscionability is also considered. It is suggested that the substantive unfairness of the contract’s effects should, as in facility and circumvention, also be a factor taken into account.
Shades of Frustration
Authors: Day William 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This chapter considers the law of frustration. It argues against the ‘one size fits all’ multi-factorial test in the modern authorities which assumes that the law of frustration comprises a single doctrine. Rather, supervening events can operate to excuse performance for a variety of reasons, including through engaging express terms (such as force majeure clauses), terms implied in law (for impossibility of performance), terms implied in fact (for impossibility of the contractual purpose) and different forms of public policy (for illegality under English law, and supervening foreign law illegality where applicable). Splitting out these different doctrines would bring some much needed certainty to this corner of contract law.
The ‘Tripartite Guide’ to Uniform Instruments in the Area of International Commercial Contracts: Background, Content, and Legal Effect
Authors: Vogenauer Stefan 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This chapter explores the significance of the Legal Guide to Uniform Instruments in the Area of International Commercial Contracts, with a Focus on Sales, which is also known as the Tripartite Guide. It highlights that the text is an important and welcome addition to the legal literature on international commercial contract law since it provides an updated overview of the law on international commercial contracting. While the Tripartite Guide primarily focuses on sales, many of the issues covered are equally relevant to other types of contract. The chapter also provides an overview of the contents and legal effects of the Tripartite Guide. It argues that the document has persuasive authority. The Tripartite Guide will have a lasting impact in several regards. Most importantly, it highlights that, beyond the scattered and fragmentary regulatory framework, the field of transnational commercial transactions is governed by a relatively coherent body of law.
“A Touch of Disaster”
Authors: Crosthwaite Paul 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Chapter 2 begins by testing the claims of prophetic insight with respect to the Great Crash that have been made for three novels of 1925. Most famously attributed to F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby, such prescient powers have also been assigned to two directly comparable, as well as contemporaneous, novels: John Dos Passos’s Manhattan Transfer and Nathan Asch’s The Office. The chapter argues that claims of this kind are not without some underlying substance, to the extent that the novels in question simultaneously draw attention to the prospect of future crisis in the financial markets and acknowledge their own liability to be read in the aftermath of such an event. The chapter considers how Fitzgerald evokes a surprisingly broad array of aspects of American financial history past and present; how Dos Passos draws on a rhetoric of biblical prophecy and urban ruin; and how Asch channels an avant-garde aesthetic of speed and futurity—all to signal the US stock market’s persistent and ongoing propensity for violent boom and bust. The chapter subsequently explores the central role that the Great Crash played in Fitzgerald’s imagination in the 1930s, considering a range of nonfictional writings, as well as plans and drafts for unrealized projects, and focusing particularly closely on the intertwining of familial and financial anxieties in the classic post-crash story “Babylon Revisited” (1931). The chapter concludes by reflecting on the Wall Street Crash’s suggestively indirect depiction in Fitzgerald’s Tender Is the Night (1934) and Dos Passos’s The Big Money (1936).
The Green Economy
Authors: Whittaker D. Hugh 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Chapter 3 turns to green transformation (GX). Japan gained a laggard reputation in the turn to renewable energy, as its reliance on coal increased with the post-Fukushima closure of its nuclear reactors. A considerable step-up is needed if Japan is to achieve a 36+ per cent GHG reduction by 2030 and carbon neutrality by 2050. When it comes to recycling and the circular economy, however, Japan’s record is more impressive. In disaster preparedness and resilience, moreover, a series of natural disasters has pushed Japan to adopt advanced measures and technologies. The chapter further considers market mechanisms for GHG reduction, as well as the ‘Green Growth Strategy’, a set of industrial policies to meet Japan’s climate obligations and rejuvenate the economy, as well as the 2023 GX Realization Basic Plan, which sets out more comprehensively Japan’s path to a green economy in the coming decade.
Libertines
Authors: Barnden Sally 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This chapter tells two overlapping stories of the young George IV’s identification with Shakespearean princes: Florizel from The Winter’s Tale and Prince Hal from the Henry IV plays. George’s Shakespearean performances in theatre auditoria and print media allowed him and his supporters to negotiate his intimacies with commoners—an early love affair with the actor Mary Robinson and his youthful friendship with the Whig politician Charles James Fox—but to maintain the integrity of royal identity. The chapter explores the different forms of roleplaying which contributed to George’s public profile, and demonstrates the risk of ‘slippage’ within Shakespearean roleplaying. The chapter concludes with a longer historical view, demonstrating the enduring appeal of Prince Hal to later Princes of Wales, and suggesting that this connection can illuminate the shifting anxieties around the public profile of an heir to the throne with regard to sexual behaviour, sociability, political partisanship, and political intervention.
Royal Bodies
Authors: Barnden Sally 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Beginning with the story of George III’s request, while suffering from his recurrent mental illness, to read King Lear, this chapter provides a detailed account of George’s identification with Lear and its long cultural aftermath. I consider the significance of the differing print and performance versions of the play in the eighteenth century for the king’s engagement with the Lear story, looking closely at the representations of dynastic succession in the variant texts with which George was acquainted. The chapter proposes that while Lear became associated with dynastic anxiety and the fear of reproductive failure for George III and his descendants, it also supported a narrative about the mutually reinforcing nature of the royal body and the realm which ultimately served the monarchy’s sense of its own centrality to history, national identity, and cultural life.
From the Thermaic Gulf to Thasos
Authors: Lazar Leah 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The first of three regional studies, Chapter 4 focuses on the resource-rich North Aegean, exploring how the Athenians adapted their strategies of negotiation and exploitation to its particular demands. Strategically located allied communities, multi-polis entities with collective bargaining power, and Thraco-Macedonian groups including the Argead and Odrysian kingdoms, with kings and powerful elites, necessitated different parameters of negotiation and the navigation of overlapping spheres of authority. Private relationships with elite individuals were even more important in this region, at and beyond the formal limits of Athenian power. The second half of the chapter turns to the east of the region and the island of Thasos. It argues that the highly successful Thasian model of exploitation, facilitated partly through mainland settlements, forced the Athenians to adopt a number of different strategies to compete. Athenian intervention then forced the Thasians to adapt in turn. Not only was Athenian strategy adjusted in the face of Thasian competition and influence, but this process was mutual and multi-directional.
Redrawing the colonial map
Authors: Reza Alexandra 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Drawing more broadly on thinking about space, place, and scale in both journals, this chapter considers how we can bring the multiscalar sensibilities discussed in Chapter 6 to bear on anticolonial comparison. It begins by discussing four significant geographies drawn from the pages of Présence Africaine and Mensagem: shifting and repopulated space in the work of Aimé Césaire; the ‘world’ in René Depestre and Francisco José Tenreiro; mobile geographies of labour in José Craveirinha and Ousmane Sembène; and imagined places of escape in Luandino Vieira and Alda Espírito Santo. Underpinning this discussion is the question of how these geographies can inform comparative postcolonial work.
Epilogue
Authors: Reza Alexandra 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This concluding section connects the arguments made to contemporary debates in comparative and postcolonial studies. The book argues that comparison was central to the anticolonial charge of these journals, and this tradition of relational praxis gives us new ways to think about connection and comparison and about methods in postcolonial critique. In particular, by illuminating the connected and comparative nature not only of antcolonialism but also of European empire itself, these journal histories illustrate the valency of multilingual cultural and political analysis to grasp that history of co-colonialism and its afterlives.
Liberal Heroism and Reasonable Doubt
Authors: Fish Stanley 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
12 Angry Men is usually read as a celebration of law’s impartiality in the face of emotional and rhetorical appeals: the disinterested presentation of evidence, if pursued, will dispel clouds of prejudice and, in the end, deliver the truth. This chapter argues the reverse: the movie is rhetorical through and through; it manipulates its viewers to the point where they congratulate themselves for having reached conclusions imposed on them by filmic strategies of which they are sublimely unaware.
The Law’s Dogma and Religious Dogma
Authors: Fish Stanley 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Inherit the Wind dramatizes the forensic and cultural battle between a William Jennings Bryan figure played by Spencer Tracy and a Clarence Darrow type played by Fredric March. The issue is whether the state can ban the teaching of evolution in the public schools. The law plainly says “yes,” but the two antagonists are less interested in the law than the clash between biblical literalism and rational science. The movie is massively on the side of science and liberal open-mindedness, but even as the religious viewpoint is dismissed and ridiculed its force registers in ways the filmmakers resolutely ignore. A dishonest movie.
Negotiating Crisis
Authors: Agnihotri Indu 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The story of the Great Depression is generally told from the top to focus on the roadblocks faced by an ascendant, industrial capitalism in the period between the two World Wars. This chapter turns the lens on the impact of economic turbulence on the everyday experiences of women and peasant families in rural Punjab. The crisis precipitated by the Depression demanded that women in rural Punjab take on additional work burdens in the fields and in homes, with increased pressure to spin and grind and a dietary squeeze. Faced with a contraction of resources, families resorted to pawning and selling jewellery, aimed at raising cash resources to meet the revenue demands. Women had to part with jewellery received from natal or marital families, which belonged to them and over which they had customary entitlement in substantial measure. The reduction in acquisition and accumulation of gold, along with mortgage and pawning, left the women in Punjab in a state of collective and individual impoverishment. When ‘normalcy’ returned, dowry increasingly became the accepted form of gift-giving at marriages. The shift away from bride price allowed for patriarchal norms to be reconfigured, with access and control over resources passing out of the hands of women. The Depression effectively undermined women’s economic security within the family and their control over the limited resources that they had access to, reinforcing the notion that their wealth and entitlement were at the disposal of their families.
Countries Going Global
Authors: Rose Richard 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
In the past three decades life expectancy, infant mortality, adult literacy, and access to secondary education have been improving in the vast majority of countries, and female employment and gender equality in employment have been increasing in up to three-quarters of countries. However, because of the distance of many developing countries from international standards, only a minority has caught up with global standards of welfare. Up to two-fifths of countries are at global standards for health; more than one-third have caught up with global standards for education; and almost half of countries have done so for gender equality. National progress reflects the influence of a country’s political and economic development, its religious culture and ex-communist legacy. Seven Asian countries, including China, are overachievers, with more welfare than their resources predict, while a dozen African and Asian countries, including India, are negative outliers in their level of welfare.
Introduction
Authors: Boyle Matthew 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The topic of self-knowledge has been central to philosophy since antiquity, but if self-knowledge deserves to be, not just a goal that each person should privately pursue, but a topic that philosophers should investigate in general terms, on what basis does it claim this attention? This book urges a reconsideration of the classical idea that the topic of self-knowledge earns its philosophical significance in virtue of its connection with the distinctive nature of human minds. The author argues that the capacity for self-knowledge is a byproduct of the “first-person perspective” that all human beings possess, as rational animals, on their own lives, and seeks to defend this perspective against popular forms of skepticism about its soundness. In the Introduction, these issues are introduced in a preliminary way; the body of the book develops them in depth.
Self-Consciousness
Authors: Boyle Matthew 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
In reflective self-knowledge, each of us appears to ascribe his or her mental states to a single subject, whom s/he designates as “I.” Yet if one’s knowledge of one’s own mental states is grounded in a “nonpositional” consciousness of these states in which the conscious subject is not presented as such, then the emergence of the first person in these reflective self-ascriptions can look mysterious. Where exactly does this “I” come from, and how is its introduction justified? In the present chapter, the author argues that the approach to the Problem of Transparency developed in earlier chapters can also explain our basis for including “I” in ascriptions of self-knowledge, and that the resulting account throws a valuable light on the nature and significance of first-person thought.
The Speaking Window
Authors: Dutt Sandeep , Hayat Faisal , Ritika  
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Since the very existence of this life-sustaining planet Earth, be it the search for food or a new water resource or a place fit for shelter to sustain life, almost every living being has had to travel hundreds and thousands of miles when needed. This book is about the world’s biggest migration in human history which was not a choice of those who migrated! After a long period of struggle for independence when a nation fought for its freedom to liberate itself from the shackles of slavery, little did they know the cost to be paid would come in the form of a new pair of chains… the partition, the scars of which are remnant till date. The partition of 1947 claimed the lives in millions and affected countless families which got burnt in the fire of communal violence. This book is an effort to acknowledge the facts which were collected from the survivors who suffered the atrocities of times and still could muster the courage to rise again. This book has 47 such stories covering 52 cities, across 5 countries, with sole aim of bringing forward the real-life experiences of the people who faced partition, who still feel it should be the harmony and peace that one must seek in their respective story over violent behaviour of mankind in desperate times.