bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the Structure of the Adrenal Gland of the Common Seal (Phoca vitulina vitulina)
Authors: Bragulla H. , Hirschberg R. M. , Schlotfeldt U. , Stede M. , Budras K.‐D. 
Published: December 2004

SummaryThe adrenal gland is a vitally important endocrine gland that occupies a central role in the regulatory mechanisms of the body metabolism. Environmental stress factors lead to permanent strain and overload of the body resulting in structural alterations of the adrenals that in turn are followed by hormonal imbalances. This leads to an increased susceptibility to bacterial and viral diseases. The recurrence of numerous fatalities in the different seal populations of the North Sea (during the years 1988, 1989 and 2002), of the Baikal Lake and Caspian Sea (during the years 2000 and 2001) were the motive for a morphological investigation of the species‐specific structure of the adrenal gland of the common seal in order to differentiate environmental stress‐induced pathological alterations from the physiological structure of this organ. The study was based on adrenals of 112 common seals (Phoca vitulina vitulina) using light microscopic and transmission and scanning electron microscopic methods. The phocine adrenal gland displays several structural characteristics. Originating from the connective tissue organ capsule, narrow and broad septa intersperse the adrenal cortex. These septa contain blastemata as a reserve for the regeneration of hormone‐producing cortical cells. Such blastemata are also occurring in the form of an intermediate zone in between the zona glomerulosa and zona fasciculata in the phocine adrenal cortex. Another species‐specific characteristic is an inverse part of the adrenal cortex encircling the central vein of the organ. These structural features have to be considered in assessment and definition of pathological alterations of the adrenals as observed in the form of exhausted blastema cell pools in the adrenocortex of seals perished in the mentioned phocine mass mortalities.
The Neonatal Treatment of Rats with Monosodium Glutamate Induces Morphological Changes in the Subfornical Organ
Authors: Pesini P. , Rois J. L. , Menéndez L. , Vidal S. 
Published: December 2004

SummaryThe parenteral administration of monosodium glutamate (MSG) to neonatal rats induces specific lesions in the central nervous system that lead to a well characterized neuroendocrinological dysfunction. Additionally, it has been shown that MSG‐treated rats present a blunted blood pressure response to the injection of nitric oxide synthase inhibitors. Recently, a similar cardiovascular alteration has been reported after the electrolytic lesion of the anteroventral region of the third ventricle affecting the connections of the subfornical organ (SFO). We hypothesized that the treatment of neonatal rats with MSG could affect the nitrergic cells of the SFO. In the present work, we have looked for alterations in the NADPH‐diaphorase activity (a commonly used marker for nitrergic neurons) in the SFO of MSG‐treated rats of either sex and at two different ages. Our results shown that the treatment of neonatal rats with MSG induced a substantial reduction in the volume of the SFO and in the number of its nitrergic cells with regard to control animals. These findings suggest that the SFO could be implicated in some of the cardiovascular alterations observed in MSG‐treated rats.
The Macroanatomy of Coronary Arteries in Donkeys (Equus asinus L.)
Authors: Ozgel O. , (Çengelci) Haligur A. , Dursun N. , Karakurum E. 
Published: December 2004

SummaryThe aim of this study was to define the arteries that supply the cardiac muscle in donkeys with regard to their course and possible variations. Six hearts belonging to donkeys of different age and sex constituted the material of the study. Following exposition of the arteries by means of injection of latex coloured with Rotring ink to a. coronaria sinistra and a. coronaria dextra, dissection was performed. The arterial vascularization of the heart in donkeys was determined to be supplied by a. coronaria sinistra and a. coronaria dextra which originate from the aorta. A. coronaria sinistra, measured to be larger than a. coronaria dextra, was determined to have its origin at the aorta, at the level of the free border of valvula semilunaris sinistra, and to extend between truncus pulmonalis and auricula sinistra. The mentioned artery was detected to give off two branches, namely, ramus interventricularis paraconalis and ramus circumflexus sinister which extend in sulcus interventricularis paraconalis and sulcus coronarius, respectively. However, a. coronaria dextra was determined to have its origin at the beginning of the aorta, at the level of valvula semilunaris dextra, and to extend to margo ventricularis dexter between truncus pulmonalis and auricula dexter. This study has revealed ramus interventricularis subsinuosus and ramus circumflexus dexter to intercommunicate by means of anastomosis and to form a. coronaria dexter. Examination of material revealed the absence of anastomosis between r. circumflexus sinister and r. circumflexus dexter. Branches named rami septales, originating from ramus interventricularis paraconalis and ramus interventricularis subsinuosus were determined to supply septum interventriculare. Ramus proximalis atrii sinistri was determined to have its origin at ramus circumflexus sinister whereas ramus proximalis venriculi dextri was determined to stem from the beginning of a. coronaria dextra in the material of this study. However, examination of the cranial and caudal branches of ramus coni arteriosi, revealed the cranial branch to be ramus proximalis ventriculi dextri in a cadaver.
Histological, Histochemical and Immunohistochemical Study of the Haemal Nodes of the Dromedary Camel
Authors: Zidan M. , Pabst R. 
Published: December 2004

SummaryHaemal nodes are lymphoid organs found in various mammals and some birds. The structure of haemal nodes has been described in a number of species but not yet in the camel. Therefore, haemal nodes from 10 camels were studied histologically and tested for CD3, CD22, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II/DR,α‐smooth muscle actin and for the demonstration of acid and alkaline phosphatases. The haemal nodes were of spherical or kidney shape with one or two hili and had a capsule and trabeculae of connective tissue and smooth muscles. The main parenchyma was composed of a cortex and a medulla. The cortex was formed from lymphoid follicles and diffuse interfollicular lymphocytes. The medulla consisted of lymphoid cords separated by medullary sinuses. The interfollicular lymphocytes and those in the medullary cord were CD3‐positive. The lymphoid follicles showed CD22‐positive cells. MHC class II/DR was expressed by most cells of the parenchyma. There were also subcapsular, peritrabecular and medullary blood sinuses. Afferent and efferent lymphatics and lymphatic sinuses were also found. Acid phosphatase‐positive cells were localized mainly in the marginal, the interfollicular zone and in the medullary cord. Alkaline phosphatase positivity was observed in the endothelium of the sinuses and in the lymphoid follicles. The morphology of these organs in the camel allows a classification as haemolymph nodes and suggests involvement in blood and lymph filtration.
Scanning Electron Microscopy of Lingual Papillae in the Common Shrew, Sorex araneus, L.
Authors: Jackowiak H. , Godynicki S. , Jaroszewska M. , Wilczyńska B. 
Published: December 2004

SummaryThe dorsal surface of the tongue of the adult common shrew (Sorex araneus L.) was examined by scanning electron microscopy. As in the other insectivores, three types of lingual papillae were observed: filiform, fungiform and vallate papillae. The filiform papillae represented the most numerous type of lingual papillae. The characteristic feature of the filiform papillae, covering the apex and corpus of the tongue, is the two processes tilted to the root of the tongue. The filiform papillae on the lingual apex are reduced in size and structure. Five to six fungiform papillae are placed symmetrically along the left and right border of the corpus of the tongue. Two large oval vallate papillae are located on the radix of the tongue. The posterior surface of the tongue in common shrew is covered with a smooth mucosa with the openings of the serous glands.
An Anatomical Study of an Electric Organ and its Nerve Supply in the Electric Ray (Torpedinidae Narke japonica)
Authors: Kawashima T. , Igarashi M. , Sasaki H. 
Published: December 2004

SummaryDespite anatomist's great interest in the electric organ (EO) of the electric ray, its detailed morphology remains unclear. In order to understand more completely the architecture of the EO and the branchial organ, it is necessary to examine detailed relationships regarding the origin, course and distribution of nerves innervating the EO. We thus carried out a macroscopic and microscopic anatomical study, focusing on issues, using the 18 sides of nine electric rays. The following results were obtained: (i) the EO was innervated exclusively by the facial, glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves; (ii) although these three cranial nerves consistently innervated the EO, variation in the number of the nerves innervating the EO was observed; (iii) cranial nerves innervated the EO in a segmental manner, at both entry and in the area of distribution. These results suggest that the EO of the electric ray might have differentiated from a non‐constant branchial muscle anlage but preserves the branchial segments in terms of the craniocaudal, dorsoventral and proximodistal axes.
Changes of Calbindin D‐28k Immunoreactivity in the Hippocampus after Adrenalectomy in the Seizure Sensitive Gerbil
Authors: Hwang I. K. , Lee H. Y. , Seong N. S. , Chung H. G. , Kim J. H. , Lee H. J. , Kim J. D. , Kang T.‐C. , Won M. H. 
Published: December 2004

SummaryCalbindin D‐28k (CB), a calcium‐binding protein, containing neurons in the hippocampus plays an important role in hippocampal excitability in epilepsy. In the present study, we investigated changes of CB immunoreactivity after adrenalectomy (ADX) in the hippocampus and dentate gyrus of the seizure sensitive gerbil, which is susceptible to seizure to identify roles of CB in epileptogenesis. The changes of the CB immunoreactivity after ADX were significant in the hippocampal CA1 region. By 24 h after ADX, CB‐immunoreactive CA1 pyramidal cells and CB immunoreactivity increased. At this time, well‐stained dendrites projected to the stratum radiatum. Thereafter, the CB immunoreactivity decreased time dependently by 96 h after ADX. In the dentate gyrus, the changes of CB‐immunoreactive neurons were mainly observed in the granule cell layer. The number and immunoreactivity of CB‐immunoreactive neurons was high at 24 h after ADX, thereafter, those decreased by 96 h after ADX. These results suggest that glucocorticoid has an important role in modulating the seizure activity and CB serves an inhibitory function, which regulates the seizure activity and output signals from the hippocampus.
The Scanning Electron and Light Microscopic Structure of Bovine Tactile Hair
Authors: Yildiz D. , Gultiken M. E. , Karahan S. 
Published: December 2004

SummaryBovine tactile hairs in skin samples from the lateral side of the upper lip were examined using scanning electron and light microscopy. The root of these hairs has a variable length and is surrounded by a large sinus located between the internal and the external dermal sheath. With a prominent thickness, the external dermal sheath forms the external wall of the tactile hair and contains many nerves some of which extend into trabeculae. Trabeculae projecting from the internal dermal sheath and attaching to the external dermal sheath with two or more branches are present in the entire sinus. The trabeculae are interconnected by connective tissue sheets that support the integrity of the trabecular organization. The sinus surfaces as well as trabeculae are lined by endothelia. As a result, the bovine tactile hair is truly a cavernous type of tactile hair with a well organized microscopic anatomy. Thus, the bovine tactile hair most likely plays an important role in relatively immobile and insensitive bovine lips.
Immunohistochemical Study of Intermediate Filaments and Neuroendocrine Marker Expression in Leydig Cells of Laboratory Rodents
Authors: Ortega H. H. , Lorente J. A. , Salvetti N. R. 
Published: December 2004

SummaryThe aims of this study were to detect the expression of intermediate filaments and to verify the existence of marker substances for neuronal and neuroendocrine cells within the interstitial Leydig cells of laboratory rodent's testes, such as it has been described in other species. Adult male rats, mice, gerbils, Syrian hamsters and guinea‐pigs were used and the localization of the different markers was achieved by the streptoavidin–peroxidase immunohistochemical method. The present study demonstrates in all rodents studied a similar pattern of localization in Leydig cells of intermediate filaments (vimentin, cytokeratin, neurofilament 200 kD and glial fibrillary acidic protein) and other marker substances (S‐100, CgA, substance P and neurone‐specific enolase), which are typical of neuroendocrine (APUD cells or paraneurones) and glial cells. The expression of these substances, related to neurotransmitters or neurohomones and other proteins characteristic of neuroendocrine cells, could suggest that it is a neural crest derived cell. Although this study provides more evidences about the immunoexpression of neuronal and glial markers in Leydig cells, this fact cannot be related directly to their embryological origin, because the current data support the hypothesis of a mesenchymal origin of the Leydig cells.
Circulating basement membrane zone antibodies are found in lichen sclerosus of the vulva
Authors: Howard Anne , Dean Diane , Cooper Susan , Kirtshig Gudula , Wojnarowska Fenella 
Published: December 2004

SUMMARYThis study was undertaken to investigate the prevalence of basement membrane zone (BMZ) antibodies, their subtypes and clinical correlations in 96 patients attending the Oxford vulval clinic with lichen sclerosus (LS) of the vulva. Indirect immunofluorescence of serum (intact and split skin) to immunoglobulin (Ig)G was performed looking for the presence or absence of staining at the BMZ. Eighteen patients' sera (14 with positive indirect immunofluorescence to IgG) were examined for IgG antibodies of subclasses IgG1, 2 and 3, and 23 sera were examined for IgG4 subclass. Immunoblotting was performed in seven patients, and showed antibodies to BP180 in six patients and BP230 in one. One‐third of patients with vulval LS had BMZ antibodies binding to the epidermal side of salt split skin. Immunoblotting showed antibodies to BP180 collagen XVII (six of seven patients) and BP230 in one. The subclasses were chiefly IgG1 and 2, different from those seen in bullous pemphigoid. No clinical correlation was found between the presence of antibodies and the presence of erosions, severity of scarring, age of onset of disease or response to treatment. These antibodies may be a reflection of a tendency to produce autoantibodies or be relevant to pathogenesis.
Treatment of primary cutaneous follicular centre lymphoma with rituximab: A report of two cases
Authors: Kennedy Glen A , Blum Robert , McCormack Christopher , Prince H Miles 
Published: December 2004

SUMMARYRituximab (anti‐CD20 chimeric monoclonal antibody) has been demonstrated to have significant activity in nodal B‐cell lymphomas, with very few associated adverse effects. Although primary cutaneous B‐cell lymphomas (PCBCL) also express the CD20 antigen, relatively few reports of rituximab use in PCBCL have been published to date. We present two cases of primary cutaneous follicular centre lymphoma treated with rituximab (375 mg/m2/week intravenously for 4 weeks). Both cases responded to rituximab, with one partial response and one complete response seen. No adverse effects were observed. To date, disease progression has occurred in one case during overall follow up at 6 and 17 months. The potential role of rituximab in the treatment of these lymphomas is discussed.
Metastatic Merkel cell carcinoma to the soft tissues of the lower back
Authors: Wang Wei , Veness Michael 
Published: December 2004

SUMMARYMerkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare primary cutaneous neuroendocrine carcinoma. It has a propensity for both locoregional and distant recurrence despite treatment. We describe the case of a 51‐year‐old man diagnosed with MCC of the left forehead. At 14 months post surgery and adjuvant radiotherapy he developed an isolated deposit of metastatic MCC in the paraspinal soft tissues of his lower back. This atypical site of metastatic disease was treated with radiotherapy and combination chemotherapy. Atypical and isolated sites of metastatic MCC, although infrequently reported, highlight the often bizarre nature of this aggressive skin cancer. Treatment in such cases needs to be individualized.
Granulomatous mycosis fungoides with extensive chest wall involvement
Authors: Von Nida Jamie , Randell Peter , Heenan Peter 
Published: December 2004

SUMMARYA 40‐year‐old woman presented with a 5‐year history of a mass overlying her right pectoralis major muscle. Histopathology of the lesion revealed a florid granulomatous infiltrate including an atypical lymphocytic component with marked epidermotropism consistent with granulomatous mycosis fungoides. Staging investigations demonstrated the tumour to be localized to the right chest. Consequently, the patient was treated with radiotherapy (50 Gy) to the lesion with good clinical effect. However, she soon developed a clinically palpable lesion on the left chest outside the radiotherapy field. Positron emission tomography scanning demonstrated an extensive left‐sided chest wall tumour and also residual tumour on the right. This left‐sided lesion failed to respond to systemic chemotherapy. Further radiotherapy (50 Gy) has recently been administered to the left chest lesion; the response is being monitored. While granulomatous inflammation has been previously described in cutaneous T‐cell lymphomas, it is rare and is often associated with a delay in the diagnosis and difficulty with clinical staging. The clinical presentation can be extremely variable and consequently, diagnosis rests with histological features, immunohistochemical studies and gene rearrangement analysis.
Psoriasis induced by topical imiquimod
Authors: Wu Jason K , Siller Greg , Strutton Geoff 
Published: December 2004

SUMMARYWe report the provocation of localized psoriasis at the sites of application of topical imiquimod, possibly evolving into a generalized flare. A patient with pre‐existing psoriasis that had been stable for 14 years was treated with imiquimod 5% cream daily for 6 weeks to three superficial basal cell carcinomas. During treatment one of the lesions developed severe local skin reactions necessitating rest periods, and received only 18 applications in 6 weeks. The other two lesions were treated for all 42 days. Psoriasiform changes developed at all three application sites. Nine‐and‐a‐half weeks after completing treatment the patient developed disseminated small psoriatic lesions. Other recognized triggers of psoriasis were not identified. The psoriasis resolved slowly with conventional treatment.
Granulomas in common variable immunodeficiency: A diagnostic dilemma
Authors: Lun Karyn R , Wood Dominic J , Muir James B , Noakes Rowland 
Published: December 2004

SUMMARYA 60‐year‐old man with common variable immunodeficiency presented with a 7‐year history of violaceous plaques and papules on the thighs, arms and trunk. In the preceding 2 years he had developed new lesions on both hands. He had been previously diagnosed with sarcoidosis on the basis of skin and visceral histology, but subsequent opinion was that these were sarcoid‐like granulomas rather than being representative of true sarcoidosis. Biopsy of the hand lesions showed necrotizing granulomas, and a single acid‐fast bacillus (AFB) was identified on Wade–Fite stain. Subsequent repeat tissue biopsies for histology, culture and polymerase chain reaction testing failed to confirm the presence of mycobacterial organisms and it was felt that the organism was a contaminant introduced during tissue processing. The hand lesions responded well to intralesional injections of triamcinolone acetonide 10 mg/mL and oral tetracycline 500 mg b.d. was later introduced with a good clinical response. The diagnostic dilemma of finding granulomatous inflammation in a patient with common variable immunodeficiency, and the significance of a single AFB on histology are discussed. The treatment of sarcoid‐like granulomas with tetracycline therapy is also commented on.
Severe contact dermatitis as a result of an antiseptic bath oil
Authors: Storer Emma , Koh Karen J , Warren Lachlan 
Published: December 2004

SUMMARYSiblings aged 7 and 5 years developed extensive truncal and flexural inflammation and desquamation unresponsive to standard eczema therapy. After delays in diagnosis, subsequent history revealed prior use of an antiseptic bath oil in a much stronger concentration than recommended. The case illustrates the severe irritant contact dermatitis that can arise following inadequate dilution of antiseptic bath oils, presumably as a result of skin contact with benzalkonium chloride and triclosan. Features that may direct attention to such irritant dermatitis are flexural predominance with superficial desquamation and rapid improvement after avoidance of exposure to the antiseptic solution.
Morbidity and cost of atopic eczema in Australia
Authors: Jenner Nicole , Campbell Jan , Marks Robin 
Published: December 2004

SUMMARYThe severity, morbidity and financial costs of atopic eczema (AE) were assessed during a 1‐year prospective study of a cohort of 85 people aged 14–63 years (mean 36 years) with the disease. A dermatologist examined each participant using the Six Area Six Sign Atopic Dermatitis severity scoring system to classify severity. Participants completed a Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI), a Nottingham Eczema Severity Score (NESS) and an ongoing diary of health‐care consultations and treatment costs. Follow up by mail to each participant was conducted every 2 months and participants completed a NESS, a DLQI and a diary of costs incurred. The DLQI data revealed that 36% spent over 10 min per day applying treatments, 28% indicated that AE influenced the clothes they wore, 21% felt embarrassed by their skin and 15% reported problems with treatments. There appeared to be a relationship between increased morbidity and increased severity. The average annual out‐of‐pocket cost for products used for treatment was A$425, ranging from A$13.50 to over A$2000 per individual. The average out‐of‐pocket cost for medical consultations was A$120, ranging from zero to over A$800 per individual. Although there were concerns about the reproducibility of the severity and morbidity measures, the data showed that AE can have substantial effects both financially and from a personal perspective for those affected.
Retrospective review of teledermatology in the Waikato, 1997–2002
Authors: Oakley Amanda MM , Rennie Michael H 
Published: December 2004

SUMMARYWe reviewed scheduled interactive teledermatology consultations from 1997 to 2002 between the Department of Dermatology of Health Waikato in Hamilton and remote sites at Taumarunui Hospital, Taupo Health Centre and the Ranolf Medical Centre, Rotorua, in New Zealand. Eighty‐five per cent of 384 appointments were attended and most non‐attendances were unexplained. The reason for consulting a dermatologist was inflammatory skin disease in 74% of cases, cutaneous infection in 10%, a skin lesion in 12% and no diagnosis was made in 4%. Follow ups were arranged for 41%, mainly by telemedicine (74%). Despite the apparent success of 75% of consultations and positive feedback from patients attending them, the service has not proved sustainable long‐term. This is because of other priorities for the delivery of health care, lack of support by clinicians and administrators, and ongoing financial costs.