bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of bcr‐abl and/or c‐abl gene expression by small interfering, double‐stranded RNAs
Authors: Ohba Hideki , Zhelev Zhivko , Bakalova Rumiana , Ewis Ashraf , Omori Toshiro , Ishikawa Mitsuru , Shinohara Yasuo , Baba Yoshinobu 
Published: July 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDShort, 21‐mer, double‐stranded/small interfering RNAs (ds/siRNAs) were designed to target bcr‐abl mRNA in chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) with a potential also to target c‐abl mRNA.METHODSds/siRNAs were transfected into bcr‐abl‐positive K‐562 cells (derived from blast‐crisis) or bcr‐abl‐negative/c‐abl‐positive Jurkat cells (derived from acute lymphoblastic leukemia) using lipofectamine. ds/siRNAs intracellular uptake was detected by fluorescent confocal microscopy using fluorescein‐labeled ds/siRNAs. The treatment was performed over 6 days with repetitive siRNA transfections. Efficiency of the siRNAs was determined 24 hours after single siRNA transfection and 6 days after repetitive siRNA transfections.RESULTSTwo of the designed ds/siRNAs decreased the target mRNA levels markedly (determined by reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction analysis) and bcr‐abl/c‐abl oncoproteins (determined by flow cytometry using Fluor‐488‐labeled, anti‐c‐abl antibody as well as by Western blot analysis). These sequences also inhibited protein tyrosine kinase activity significantly and suppressed cell proliferation. One of the three selected ds/siRNAs expressed only slight effects on the bcr‐abl/c‐abl mRNA in K‐562 cells (but not on the oncoprotein level), on protein tyrosine kinase activity, and on cell proliferation. The combination of the three ds/siRNA constructs provoked stronger decreases in bcr‐abl/c‐abl mRNAs and their respective oncoproteins and produced the strongest suppression of cell proliferation.CONCLUSIONSThe cross‐talk between siRNA interference of bcr‐abl oncogene and the expression of several apoptotic/antiapoptotic factors, cell proliferation factors, and other oncogenes exists and it was determined by microarray analysis in K‐562 cells that were treated over 6 days. Cancer 2004. © 2004 American Cancer Society.
Effect of vitamin B12, folate, and dietary supplements on breast carcinoma chemotherapy–induced mucositis and neutropenia
Authors: Branda Richard F. , Naud Shelly J. , Brooks Elice M. , Chen Zhuan , Muss Hyman 
Published: July 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDAlthough patients with malignant disease frequently use dietary supplements, the effects of these agents with regard to chemotherapy are unclear. Therefore, the authors investigated the influence of vitamin B12, folate, and nutritional supplements on chemotherapy‐induced toxicity.METHODSWomen with breast carcinoma were asked to complete a questionnaire that recorded their use of dietary supplements. Blood samples were obtained for the assessment of serum vitamin B12 and folate levels before and after the first cycle of chemotherapy and for weekly complete blood counts. Toxicity was evaluated by measuring absolute neutrophil counts and the frequency and severity of oral mucositis.RESULTSOf the 49 women who submitted questionnaires, 35 (71%) took a combined total of 165 supplements. Compared with patients in a previous study (performed in 1990), patients in the current study had dramatically increased serum folate levels. Initial neutrophil count, but not type of chemotherapy, patient age, or serum vitamin B12 level, was predictive of nadir absolute neutropenia and the decrease from initial neutrophil count to nadir (Nfall). After adjusting for initial neutrophil count, Nfall was found to be lower for women who were taking supplements compared with women who were not taking supplements (P = 0.01) and for women who were taking multivitamins (P = 0.01) or vitamin E (P = 0.03). Women with serum folic acid levels < 20 ng/mL had a smaller decrease in neutrophil count after chemotherapy than did women with higher folate levels (P = 0.04). No significant association between oral mucositis and initial neutrophil count, nadir neutrophil count, Nfall, age, vitamin B12 level, or folate level was found.CONCLUSIONSThe decrease in neutrophil count caused by chemotherapy was ameliorated by dietary supplementation with a multivitamin or vitamin E. In contrast, high serum folate levels were associated with the exacerbation of this decrease in neutrophil count. Cancer 2004. © 2004 American Cancer Society.
Fiber order of the normal and regenerated optic tract of the frog (Rana pipiens)
Authors: Bach Helene , Arango Victoria , Feldheim David , Flanagan John G. , Scalia Frank 
Published: July 2004

AbstractIn the normal frog, axons from the peripheral retina arising at the temporal pole course superficially in the middle stream of the diencephalic optic tract. Axons from the nasal pole course in two streams running in the opposite margins of the tract, dorsonasal axons ventrally, ventronasal axons dorsally. Axons from the dorsal and ventral poles of the retina occupy the intervals between the aforementioned middle and marginal streams. Axons from more central regions of the retina tend to occupy deeper levels of the optic tract. The regenerated optic tract does not regain its normal organization, e.g., axons of peripheral nasal origin are spread out widely over the entire width of the tract. However, axons from the temporal pole of the retina do return approximately to their original location in the middle stream. The concentration of temporal axons in the middle stream of the optic tract after regeneration may now be understood in terms of the expression pattern of the ephrin‐A class of receptor tyrosine kinase ligands in the cellular matrix of the optic tract. The ephrin‐As, which have a repellent effect on growing temporal retinal axons, are concentrated in and along the margins of the diencephalic optic tract and essentially absent from its middle stream. It is proposed here that peripheral temporal axons may be forced into this middle region by their avoidance of the higher levels of ephrin‐A expression in the tract margins. In contrast, the growth pattern of regenerating peripheral nasal axons would not be affected by the ephrin‐A gradient in the optic tract. J. Comp. Neurol. 477:43–54, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Genetic control of sensitivity to hippocampal cell death induced by kainic acid: A quantitative trait loci analysis
Authors: Schauwecker Paula Elyse , Williams Robert W. , Santos Julia Belen 
Published: July 2004

AbstractHost genetic factors are likely to contribute to differences in individual susceptibility to seizure‐induced excitotoxic neuronal damage. Similarly, inbred strains of mice differ in their susceptibility to the kainic acid (KA) model of seizure‐induced cell death, but the genes responsible for the differences are not known. Here, we define the inheritance patterns of susceptibility to KA‐induced neurodegeneration in the hippocampus by assessing 331 back‐cross (N2) progeny of two inbred mouse strains, C57BL/6 and FVB/N, previously shown to display resistance and sensitivity to KA‐induced cell death, respectively. Results of phenotypic analysis suggest that the difference in susceptibility between these two strains is conferred by a single dominant gene. Therefore, we used an N2 back‐cross between the inbred C57BL/6 and FVB/N strains for a genome‐wide search for quantitative trait loci (QTLs), which are chromosomal sites containing genes influencing the magnitude of susceptibility. Genome‐wide interval mapping in N2 progeny identified a locus on distal chromosome (Chr) 18 with a peak LOD score of 4.9 localized between D18Mit186 and D18Mit4 as having the strongest and most significant effect in this model. QTLs of minor effect were detected on Chr 15 (D15Mit174‐D15Mit156) and Chr 4 (D4Mit264‐D4Mit91), with peak LOD scores of 3.02 and 2.46, respectively. The three significant QTLs (Chrs 4, 15, 18) together account for nearly 25% of the trait variance for both genders combined. Reduced KA‐induced cell death susceptibility was observed in a congenic strain in which the highly susceptible FVB/N strain carried putative resistance alleles from the C57BL/6 strain on Chr 18. J. Comp. Neurol. 477:96–107, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Analysis, simulation and verification of a bipolar current source power resonant inverter
Authors: Jianhua Zhu , Lin Luo Fang 
Published: July 2004

AbstractA high‐frequency bipolar current source resonant inverter introduced in this paper has dramatic zero‐voltage‐switching (ZVS) characteristic. The analytic expressions of the resonant voltage and current are given. It indicates that the resonant waveform is composed of two parts, i.e. the oscillatory component and the stationary component. In special cases, the resonant waveform degenerates into the mono‐frequency component, as presents the graceful sinusoidal wave with very low total harmonic distortion (THD) value. Based on the closed‐form voltage and current, the component stresses on reactive elements are obtained. The impact of different component values and operating frequencies on ZVS feature is also discussed. It should be noted that the ZVS merit may be lost if the components are carelessly selected. The validity of the theoretical analysis has been proven with Pspice simulations and experimental results. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley Sons, Ltd.
A 6th‐order 75 dB‐DR 10.7 MHz 3.3 V CMOS bandpass ΣΔ modulator sampled at 37.05 MHz
Authors: Cusinato Paolo , Stefani Fabrizio , Baschirotto Andrea 
Published: July 2004

AbstractThis paper describes the design and the implementation of a 6th‐order bandpass ΣΔ modulator to be used for IF digitizing at 10.7 MHz of a broadcasting FM radio signal. The modulator is sampled at 37.05 MHz. This sampling frequency value allows to optimize both modulator and overall receiver channel performance. The modulator has been implemented in a standard double‐poly 0.35 µm CMOS technology using switched capacitor (SC) technique and consumes 116 mW from a single 3.3 V power supply. The modulator features 75 dB dynamic range and 66 dB peak‐SNR within a 200 kHz bandwidth (FM bandwidth). Third‐order intermodulation products are suppressed by –78dBc. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Kalman filter in the context of adaptive filter theory
Authors: Lippuner Dani , Moschytz George S. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractModel‐based adaptive algorithms are usually derived with the help of the Wiener‐Hopf equation based on empirical statistics. They are often interpreted as an extension to their model‐independent counterparts, i.e. the stochastic‐gradient based adaptive filters. As a consequence, it is generally not considered worthwhile to show the analogy between Kalman filters and adaptive filters. This article pursues just these two goals. First, it tries to remove the notion that the Kalman filter is a complicated and unnecessary detour from the subject of adaptive filtering. Second, the advantage of a deeper insight into adaptive algorithms from Kalman's viewpoint emerges from our treatment. Based on a time‐varying FIR filter model, the Kalman filter is completely derived and serves as a general framework for the special case of model‐based adaptive filters. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Linear bipolar OTAs employing exponential‐law circuits
Authors: Matsumoto Fujihiko , Nakamura Shintaro , Wasaki Hiroki , Noguchi Yasuaki 
Published: July 2004

AbstractThis paper presents design of linear bipolar OTAs, which are composed of two function blocks; one is an exponential‐law circuit and the other is a core cell. Multi‐tanh cells are employed as the core cell. This kind of OTA has lower power dissipation relatively to the conventional multi‐tanh cell. According as the order of the multi‐tanh core cell becomes higher, the number of circuit realization for the core cell increases. For example, we have two OTAs for the core circuit of an emitter‐coupled pair and four OTAs for the doublet core cell. Thus, we consider the generalized OTAs for an arbitrary order n of the core cell and obtain a formula to give the realization number of the linear OTAs for n. According to the formula, there must be eight OTAs in the case of n=3. All of the eight OTAs are examined. Analysis and simulation results show that the OTAs have advantage in their characteristics, such as linear input range, power dissipation, noise, and frequency response. Copyright 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Eosinophilic metaplastic atypia in exfoliated cells of ovarian endometriosis: A potential cytodiagnostic pitfall in peritoneal fluids
Authors: Slade Adam J. , Dieterich Mark , Sturgis Charles D. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractEndometriosis is a protean clinical condition that is defined pathologically by the presence of endometrial glands and stroma with associated evidence of bleeding occurring outside of the usual anatomy of the endometrium/uterine cavity. It is one of the most common benign gynecologic disorders, affecting approximately 5% of all women. The prevalence of the condition may increase to as high as 30% in infertile premenopausal women. Despite extensive study, the etiology of this condition remains an enigma. Cytopathologists may encounter abnormal cells arising from endometriosis in cervicovaginal cytology samples, nongynecologic exfoliative cytology cases, needle aspiration biopsy slides, and in histologic materials and cell blocks. We report a case of eosinophilic epithelial metaplasia present in cytospins made from a peritoneal washing taken from a perimemopausal woman. This patient was concomitantly histologically documented to have ovarian surface endometriosis with similar metaplastic alteration. The case highlights the potential for misdiagnosis of such processes as being potentially malignant and stresses the need for cytohistologic correlation whenever possible. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2004;31:123–125. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effectiveness of AutoPap system location‐guided screening in the evaluation of cervical cytology smears
Authors: Stevens Mark W. , Milne Amanda J. , Parkinson Ian H. , Nespolon Walter W. , Fazzalari Nicola L. , Arora Neeru , Dodd Thomas J. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractLocation‐guided screening is a feature of the AutoPap primary screening software. Areas of the smear most likely to contain an abnormality are identified for prompt review by the cytotechnologist, thereby facilitating diagnostic accuracy and reducing laboratory workload. A two‐armed retrospective study comprising 6,000 conventional smears was undertaken to compare this approach with the current practice of full manual screening of conventional smears. Discrepant diagnoses between the two study arms were subject to an internal discrepancy review process to determine the final truth diagnosis. Analysis of the results show that AutoPap location‐guided screening is at least equivalent to current practice when detecting high‐grade or suspected high‐grade smears. However, the device does not detect low‐grade abnormalities, unsatisfactory smears, an endocervical component or organisms, as well as standard screening. The device also assigns a numerical score to each slide, with abnormal smears allocated a higher rank. Slide ranking was found to be of value in triaging abnormal smears for prompt screening and reporting. The performance of the primary screening software was found to be comparable to previous studies, with the majority of abnormal smears being selected by the instrument for manual review. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2004;31:94–99. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Temporal stability of the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire
Authors: Mond Jonathan M. , Hay Phillipa J. , Rodgers Bryan , Owen Cathy , Beumont Pierre J.V. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractObjectivesThe current study examined the stability and internal consistency of the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE‐Q) in a general population sample.MethodsThe EDE‐Q was administered to a community sample of women aged 18–45 on two occasions, with a median test‐retest interval of 315.0 days.ResultsPearson correlations between items of the EDE‐Q assessing attitudinal features of eating disorder psychopathology ranged from 0.57 for the Restraint subscale to 0.77 for the Eating Concern subscale. The stability of items addressing eating disorder behaviors was much lower, with phi coefficients for the occurrence of objective bulimic episodes, subjective bulimic episodes, and use of exercise as a compensatory behavior of 0.44, 0.24, and 0.31, respectively, and Kendall's tau b correlations of 0.44, 0.28, and 0.31, respectively, for the frequency of these behaviors, across occasions. The internal consistency of the EDE‐Q was high, with a Cronbach alpha coefficient for the global scale of 0.93, compared with a value of 0.90 for the Eating Disorder Examination interview.DiscussionItems of the EDE‐Q assessing attitudinal features of eating disorder psychopathology demonstrate a high degree of temporal stability, whereas the stability of items addressing eating disorder behaviors is much lower. In the case of compensatory eating disorder behaviors, low stability is likely to reflect actual trait variation, whereas the low stability of binge eating behaviors, in particular subjective bulimic episodes, is likely to reflect both trait variation and measurement error. The high internal consistency of EDE‐Q items supports its use as a screening instrument in two‐phase epidemiologic studies. © 2004 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 36: 195–203, 2004.
Comparison of the child and parent forms of the Questionnaire on Eating and Weight Patterns in the assessment of children's eating‐disordered behaviors
Authors: Steinberg Emily , Tanofsky‐Kraff Marian , Cohen Marc L. , Elberg Jane , Freedman Renee J. , Semega‐Janneh Mariama , Yanovski Susan Z. , Yanovski Jack A. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractObjectiveThe assessment of eating‐disordered behaviors in middle childhood is challenging. Frequently, both child and parents are queried about the child's eating behavior. However, no direct comparisons between parent and child reports of child eating disturbance have been published. We compared results from the adolescent and parent versions of the Questionnaire on Eating and Weight Patterns (QEWP‐A and QEWP‐P, respectively) in a nontreatment sample of overweight and normal weight children.MethodThe QEWP‐A and QEWP‐P were administered to 142 overweight (body mass index [BMI] ≥ 85th percentile) and 121 normal weight (BMI 15th–84th percentile) children, age 9.7 ± 1.9 years, recruited from the community.ResultsThe QEWP‐A and QEWP‐P showed good agreement for the absence of eating‐disordered behavior but were not concordant in terms of the number or type of binge eating, overeating episodes, or compensatory weight control behaviors in the past 6 months. Children categorized by their own reports (QEWP‐A) as engaging in no overeating, simple overeating, or binge eating behaviors did not differ significantly in body composition or in eating and general psychopathology. Children categorized according to their parents' reports (QEWP‐P) as engaging in binge eating had significantly greater body adiposity, eating‐disordered cognitions, body dissatisfaction, and parent‐reported problems (all ps < .001) than children engaging in no overeating or simple overeating according to the QEWP‐P.DiscussionChild and parent reports of eating behaviors are not concordant regarding the presence of binge eating or compensatory behaviors. Further investigation of the utility of these questionnaires is needed before either can serve as a surrogate for a clinical interview. Published 2004 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. †Int J Eat Disord 36: 183–194, 2004.
Bulimia symptoms and other risk behaviors during pregnancy in women with bulimia nervosa
Authors: Crow Scott J. , Keel Pamela K. , Thuras Paul , Mitchell James E. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractObjectiveThe current study examined the change in bulimic symptoms as well as alcohol, drug, and tobacco use during pregnancy in subjects with bulimia nervosa.MethodA self‐report questionnaire was used to collect retrospective data on eating disorder symptoms and substance use during pregnancy from 129 participants in a long‐term study of bulimia nervosa. Follow‐up data were collected for a total of 322 pregnancies occurring over a 10–15‐year period.ResultsOverall, subjects reported that body dissatisfaction worsened, but binge eating and purging improved during pregnancy. However, the number of women completely abstinent from bulimic symptoms did not change significantly with pregnancy. Body esteem often worsened with pregnancy, particularly for women with active bulimia symptoms. Self‐reported alcohol use significantly declined with pregnancy.DiscussionIn general, bulimia nervosa symptoms decreased during pregnancy, although the number of women completely abstinent did not change significantly. © 2004 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 36: 220–223, 2004.
The use of alternative delivery systems and new technologies in the treatment of patients with eating disorders
Authors: Myers Tricia Cook , Swan‐Kremeier Lorraine , Wonderlich Stephen , Lancaster Kathy , Mitchell James E. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of the current article is to review the literature regarding the use of alternative delivery systems, such as telemedicine, and new technologies, such as the use of hand‐held computers, in the treatment of patients with eating disorders.MethodThe literature is reviewed in the following areas: self‐help (supervised and unsupervised), telemedicine, telephone therapy, e‐mail, internet, computer software, CD‐ROMs, portable computers, and virtual reality techniques.ResultsA growing literature suggests a number of alternative delivery systems hold promise, in particular permitting patients to access services who otherwise would not be able to receive treatment. Although most of these areas are early in their development, a growing literature supports the utility of several of these approaches.DiscussionAlthough the literature in this area is limited, and the research base is small, a number of these technologies appear to hold substantial promise for the treatment of patients with eating disorders. © 2004 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 36: 123–143, 2004.
Impulsivity as a risk factor for eating disorder behavior: Assessment implications with adolescents
Authors: Wonderlich Stephen A. , Connolly Kevin M. , Stice Eric 
Published: July 2004

AbstractObjectiveThe aims of the current study were to determine if impulsivity serves as a risk factor for eating disorder behavior and to examine whether different risk outcomes are obtained depending on the assessment strategy used to measure impulsivity.MethodThree independent studies are reported, each of which examined the relationship of impulsivity and eating disorder behavior in a prospective longitudinal design with adolescent subjects recruited from both public and private schools. Individuals displaying eating disorder behavior at initial assessments were not included in the analyses, to ensure that we were testing the role of impulsivity in the onset of eating disorder behavior.ResultsTrait impulsivity, measured with traditional personality scales, failed to predict the onset of eating disorder behavior in all three studies. However, when behavioral constructs associated with impulsivity, such as delinquency or substance abuse, were examined, they significantly predicted the onset of eating disorder behavior in most of the analyses conducted.DiscussionThese results provide moderate support for the idea that impulsivity serves as a risk factor for the onset of eating disorder behavior. However, this is only true when more objective behavioral measures were utilized. © 2004 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 36: 172–182, 2004.