bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Theory, development, and applicability of the surface water hydrologic model CASC2D
Authors: Downer Charles W. , Ogden Fred L. , Martin William D. , Harmon Russell S. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractNumerical tests indicate that Hortonian runoff mechanisms benefit from scaling effects that non‐Hortonian runoff mechanisms do not share. This potentially makes Hortonian watersheds more amenable to physically based modelling provided that the physically based model employed properly accounts for rainfall distribution and initial soil moisture conditions, to which these types of model are highly sensitive. The distributed Hortonian runoff model CASC2D has been developed and tested for the US Army over the past decade. The purpose of the model is to provide the Army with superior predictions of runoff and stream‐flow compared with the standard lumped parameter model HEC‐1. The model is also to be used to help minimize negative effects on the landscape caused by US armed forces training activities. Development of the CASC2D model is complete and the model has been tested and applied at several locations. These applications indicate that the model can realistically reproduce hydrographs when properly applied. These applications also indicate that there may be many situations where the model is inadequate. Because of this, the Army is pursuing development of a new model, GSSHA, that will provide improved numerical stability and incorporate additional stream‐flow‐producing mechanisms and improved hydraulics. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stable isotopes in river ice: identifying primary over‐winter streamflow signals and their hydrological significance
Authors: Gibson J. J. , Prowse T. D. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe process of isotopic fractionation during freezing in the riverine environment is discussed with reference to a multi‐year isotope sampling survey conducted in the Liard–Mackenzie River Basins, northwestern Canada. Systematic isotopic patterns are evident in cores of congelation ice (black ice) obtained from rivers and from numerous tributaries that are recognized as primary streamflow signals but with isotope offsets close to the equilibrium ice–water fractionation. The results, including comparisons with the isotopic composition of fall and spring streamflow measured directly in water samples, suggest that isotopic shifts during ice‐on occur due to gradual changes in the fraction of flow derived from groundwater, surface water and precipitation sources during the fall to winter recession. Low flow isotopic signatures during ice‐on suggest a predominantly groundwater‐fed regime during late winter, whereas low flow isotopic signatures during ice‐off reflect a mixed groundwater‐, surface water‐ and precipitation‐fed regime during late fall. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Detection of peptide‐specific cytotoxic T‐lymphocyte precursors used for specific immunotherapy of pancreatic cancer
Authors: Suzuki Nobuaki , Maeda Yoshiaki , Tanaka Shoko , Hida Naoya , Mine Takashi , Yamamoto Koutaro , Oka Masaaki , Itoh Kyogo 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe prognosis of pancreatic cancer is extremely poor with a 5‐year survival of approximately 3%. Thus, the development of new treatment modalities, including a specific immunotherapy, is required. Our study investigated whether cytotoxic T‐lymphocyte (CTL) precursors reacting to peptides with vaccine candidates (13 peptides for HLA‐A2+ or ‐A24+ patients, respectively) were detectable in the prevaccination peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of 15 pancreatic cancer patients. Peptide‐specific CTL precursors were detectable in the majority (11 of 15, 73%) of patients, with a mean positive number of 1.5 peptides (ranging from 0–5 peptides) per patient. Positive peptide profiles varied among patients. These results may provide a scientific basis for a new kind of cancer immunotherapy, namely, a CTL precursor‐oriented peptide vaccine, for pancreatic cancer patients. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Height, weight, menstrual and reproductive factors and risk of gastric cancer among Japanese postmenopausal women: Analysis by subsite and histologic subtype
Authors: Inoue Manami , Ito Lucy S. , Tajima Kazuo , Yamamura Yoshitaka , Kodera Yasuhiro , Takezaki Toshiro , Hamajima Nobuyuki , Hirose Kaoru , Kuroishi Tetsuo , Tominaga Suketami 
Published: August 2002

AbstractTo clarify whether reproductive factors have an impact on gastric cancer in Japanese females, a case‐control study was conducted using data from the Hospital‐based Epidemiologic Research Program at Aichi Cancer Center (HERPACC), Japan. The study subjects included 365 postmenopausal women with gastric cancer and 1,825 age‐class frequency‐matched noncancer outpatients presenting at Aichi Cancer Center in 1988–1998. Cases were further divided with regard to the anatomic subsite (upper third, middle third, lower third) and histologic subtypes (differentiated, nondifferentiated) and the association was evaluated using odds ratios (ORs) estimated by the logistic regression model, adjusting for potential confounding factors. A high body weight and corresponding body mass index at age 20 moderately increased the risk of gastric cancer, especially for middle third and nondifferentiated cancers. Risk fluctuation with early or late age at menarche and menopause and total duration of fertility was not consistent. Individuals with a high age at first parity tended to show decreased risk of cancer, irrespective of their subsite or histologic subtype. The ORs were decreased with a short average period of breastfeeding, especially for upper third and nondifferentiated cancers. From these results, however, it appears that height, weight, menstrual and reproductive factors have less impact on gastric cancer than environmental factors such as smoking and dietary habits or family history of gastric cancer. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Altered adhesion properties and alpha v integrin expression in a cisplatin‐resistant human ovarian carcinoma cell line
Authors: Maubant Sylvie , Cruet‐Hennequart Séverine , Poulain Laurent , Carreiras Franck , Sichel François , Luis José , Staedel Cathy , Gauduchon Pascal 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn order to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the development of chemoresistance in ovarian cancer, we have previously established the IGROV1‐R10 cisplatin‐resistant cell line by mimicking a clinical protocol of drug administration on IGROV1 human ovarian carcinoma cells. Both IGROV1 and IGROV1‐R10 cells were able to grow as a monolayer and to release cell clusters into the medium. However, IGROV1‐R10 cells exhibited an enhanced capacity to detach from the monolayer as compared to the parental cells. When substrate adhesion was prevented, IGROV1‐R10 cells were able to survive and to proliferate as cell clusters, even at a low cell density, whereas IGROV1 cells massively died. To explore the underlying mechanisms, we have been interested in αv integrins, which have been implicated in some aspects of ovarian cancer biology. Both IGROV1 and IGROV1‐R10 adherent cells expressed αvβ3 integrin. During cell growth, αvβ5 integrin accumulated at the surface of a majority of IGROV1‐R10 cells from the monolayer, whereas only a faint expression of this integrin was observed in a minority of IGROV1 cells. The growth of IGROV1‐R10 cells, but not of IGROV1 cells, was partly inhibited by a specific αvβ5‐blocking antibody suggesting that αvβ5 integrin contributed to IGROV1‐R10 cell proliferation. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effects of agricultural land use changes on diffuse pollution of water resources
Authors: Meissner R. , Seeger J. , Rupp H. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractLysimeter trials carried out over several years showed that cutting mineral fertilizer by 50% does not immediately result in a reduction of the leaching losses of relevant macronutrients (N, P, K). Land usage changes in the form of 1‐year rotating set‐asides entail greater N‐leaching compared to best management practices (BMP). By contrast, after set‐aside lasting 3–5 years, reductions in N‐leaching of 25–45% must be expected. Lysimeter trials of reintegrating land set‐aside for a number of years into intensive agriculture without increasing N‐leaching losses are presented. Ways of scaling up lysimeter results to fields and small catchments are described, as well as areas where research still needs to be carried out are discussed. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of Ginkgo biloba extract on the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells in vitro and on intimal thickening and interleukin‐1β expression after balloon injury in cholesterol‐fed rabbits in vivo
Authors: Lin Shing‐Jong , Yang Tzu‐Hsuan , Chen Yung‐Hsiang , Chen Jaw‐Wen , Kwok Ching‐Fai , Shiao Ming‐Shi , Chen Yuh‐Lien 
Published: August 2002

AbstractRestenosis may develop in response to cytokine activation and smooth muscle cell proliferation. Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb) has been used to treat cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. In the present study, the effects of EGb on the growth of cultured vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC), as well as on the expression of interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) and the intimal response in balloon‐injured arteries of cholesterol‐fed rabbits, were investigated. Using bromodeoxyuridine incorporation as an index of cell proliferation, EGb was found to inhibit serum‐induced mitogenesis of cultured rat aorta VSMC in a dose‐dependent manner. In vivo, EGb and probucol ( positive control) reduced the atheroma area in thoracic aortas of male New Zealand white rabbits fed a 2% cholesterol diet for 6 weeks with balloon denudation of the abdominal aorta being performed at the end of the third week. Intimal hyperplasia, expressed as the intimal/medial area ratio, in the abdominal aortas was significantly inhibited in the both the EGb group (0.61 ± 0.06) and the probucol group (0.55 ± 0.03) compared to the C group (0.87 ± 0.02). In the balloon‐injured abdominal aorta, both EGb and probucol significantly reduced IL‐1β mRNA and protein expression and the percentage of proliferating cells. The inhibitory effects of EGb on the intimal response might be attributed to its antioxidant capacity. EGb may have therapeutic potential for the prevention of restenosis after angioplasty. J. Cell. Biochem. 85: 572–582, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effects of zinc on cell proliferation and proteoglycan characteristics of epiphyseal chondrocytes
Authors: Rodríguez J. Pablo , Rosselot Gastón 
Published: August 2002

AbstractZinc has been postulated as an important nutritional factor involved in growth promotion; however, the cellular mechanisms involved in the effects of zinc on linear growth remain to be elucidated. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of zinc on the proliferation rate of epiphyseal growth plate chondrocytes and on the structural characteristics of the proteoglycans synthesized by these cells. For these purposes, hypertrophic and proliferating chondrocytes were isolated from the tibiae of 1‐ and 5‐week‐old chickens, respectively. Chondrocytes were cultured under serum‐free conditions and primary cultures were used. The results showed that zinc stimulated proliferation by 40–50% above the baseline in the case of proliferating chondrocytes, but it had no effect on hypertrophic chondrocytes. Zinc had neither any effects on mean charge density of proteoglycans synthesized by hypertrophic chondrocytes nor in their hydrodynamic size. In contrast, zinc induced an increase in mean charge density and a decrease of hydrodynamic size of proteoglycans synthesized by proliferating chondrocytes. In both cell types zinc had no effect on the composition and hydrodynamic size of the glycosaminoglycan chains. The increased ability of proliferating chondrocytes cultured in the presence of zinc to synthesize 3′‐phosphoadenosine 5′‐phosphosulfate (PAPS) could be explained by the induction of enzymes participating in the sulfation pathway of proteoglycans. Therefore, the increase in mean charge density of proteoglycans observed in this study may be explained by an increase of the degree of sulfation of proteoglycan molecules. We speculate that the effect of zinc on linear growth may be explained at a cellular level by: a) an increase in proliferation rates of proliferating chondrocytes, and b) increased synthesis of highly charged proteoglycan molecules which decreases mineralization. J. Cell. Biochem. 82:501–511, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Androgen stimulated cellular proliferation in the human prostate cancer cell line LNCaP is associated with reduced retinoblastoma protein expression
Authors: Taneja Samir S. , Ha Susan , Garabedian Michael J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractTo elucidate the mechanism of androgen‐dependent cellular proliferation in prostate cancer, androgen‐dependent alterations of individual cell cycle regulatory proteins in the androgen‐sensitive prostate cancer cell line LNCaP were evaluated. LNCaP cells were deprived of androgens by culture in steroid‐depleted media for 5 days, which resulted in the maximal accumulation of cells in G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle. The mitogenic concentration of the synthetic androgen R1881 was established as 0.1 nM using cell proliferation assay. Protein and mRNA levels of particular cyclins, cyclin‐dependent kinases (Cdks), cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitors (Ckis), and the retinoblastoma proteins (Rb) were assessed. Androgen stimulation resulted in a post‐transcriptional reduction in Rb protein levels, an increase in Rb phosphorylation at serine 780 and an accumulation of high molecular weight Rb protein species. Androgen stimulation also induced the expression of the Cdk2 and Cdk1 as well as their regulatory partners, cyclin A and cyclin B, resulting in a corresponding increase in cyclin A/Cdk2 activity in vitro. Pulse‐chase showed decreased Rb protein stability in androgen‐treated LNCaP cells. Collectively, our findings suggest a novel mechanism of androgen‐dependent prostate cancer growth in which androgen stimulation results in decreased Rb protein expression in LNCaP cells. The observation of decreased Rb protein stability in the setting of increased phosphorylation supports the concept of phosphorylation mediated protein degradation. We propose that the observed reduction in Rb protein level occurs through Rb degradation via the ubiquitin/proteasome pathway, and is preceded by selective Rb phosphorylation by cyclin A/Cdk2 and cyclin B/Cdk1. J. Cell. Biochem. 84: 188–199, 2002. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A technique for constructing non‐embeddable quasi‐residual designs
Authors: Ionin Yury J. , Mackenzie‐Fleming Kirsten 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe propose a technique for constructing two infinite families of non‐embeddable quasi‐residual designs as soon as one such design satisfying certain conditions exists. The main tools are generalized Hadamard matrices and balanced generalized weighing matrices. Starting with a specific non‐embeddable quasi‐residual 2‐(27,9,4) design, we construct for every positive integer m a non‐embeddable 2‐(3m,3m−1,(3m−1−1)/2)‐design, and, if rm=(3m−1)/2 is a prime power, we construct for every positive integer n a non‐embeddable $2-(3^m(r^n_m-1)/(r_m-1), 3^{m-1}r^{n-1}_m, (3^{m-1}-1)r^{n-1}_m/2)$ design. For each design in these families, a symmetric design with the corresponding parameters is known to exist. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Combin Designs 10: 160–172, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/jcd.900
Identification of human enterovirulent Escherichia coli strains by multiplex PCR
Authors: Rich Chantal , Alfidja Assalama , Sirot Jacques , Joly Bernard , Forestier Christiane 
Published: August 2002

AbstractSome strains of Escherichia coli are involved in enteric infections in both adults and children. However the classical diagnostic methods can not differentiate pathogenic from nonpathogenic E. coli, because of the lack of phenotypic differences. In this study, we developed multiplex PCR in order to amplify fragments of specific virulence genes of the five main E. coli pathotypes. Fragments of the expected size were obtained using previously or newly designed primers and allowed identification of 10 virulence genes in only 5 reactions. This method was applied to the detection of pathogenic E. coli isolated from 90 patients&rsquo; stools specimens during an 18&hyphen;month survey. Patients were suffering from diarrhea or hemolytic uremic syndrome and in 13 cases &lpar;14.4&percnt;&rpar;, an enterovirulent E. coli strain was detected. This diagnostic method could therefore represent an important technique in clinical laboratories which lack standard tests for these pathogens. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 15:100&ndash;103, 2001. &copy; 2001 Wiley&hyphen;Liss, Inc.
Training for prescriptions vs. prescriptions for training: Where are we now? Where should we be? How do we get there?
Authors: McFall Richard M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe proposal that state legislatures should grant prescription privileges to psychologists is examined critically, with particular attention to the proposal's implications for the future education and training of clinical psychologists. First, the current status of clinical psychology is described. Then, an alternative to the prescription privilege proposal is presented; this alternative prescribes a scientific approach to clinical psychology. Finally, a plan for achieving this alternative is outlined. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 58: 659–676, 2002.
Concluding remarks on the debate about prescription privileges for psychologists
Authors: Heiby Elaine M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis article summarizes the six primary arguments for and against prescription privileges for psychologists (PPP or RxP) that were presented in this special issue. Four articles addressed points made in the testimony in favor of PPP by the American Psychological Association. Six articles addressed points in the testimony against PPP by the American Association of Applied and Preventive Psychology. It is concluded that the PPP debate reflects a deep schism in clinical psychology that represents a serious disunity in the field. The disunity is seen as a divide between those trained to be psychotherapists and those trained to be scientist–practitioners. It is argued that the former support PPP and are interested in the survival of professional schools, while the latter oppose PPP and are interested in the survival of university departments of psychology. For the discipline to survive there must be a rapprochement between these factions and alternatives to PPP for the retraining of psychotherapy practitioners. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 58: 709–722, 2002.
Effects of mast cells on the behavior of isolated heart fibroblasts: Modulation of collagen remodeling and gene expression
Authors: de Almeida Angela , Mustin Deanna , Forman Mary F. , Brower Gregory L. , Janicki Joseph S. , Carver Wayne 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe extracellular matrix plays a critical role in the development and maintenance of the vertebrate heart. Changes in the accumulation, composition, or organization of the extracellular matrix are known to deleteriously affect heart function. Mast cells are thought to stimulate collagen expression and fibroblast proliferation accompanying fibrosis in some organs; however, the effects of mast cells on the heart interstitium are largely unexplored. The present studies were carried out to determine the effects of mast cells on isolated heart fibroblasts. Several in vitro assays were used including collagen gel contraction to examine the effects of mast cells on the function of isolated fibroblasts. Neonatal heart fibroblasts were cultured either with mast cells, mast cell‐conditioned medium, or mast cell extracts, and their ability to contract collagen gels measured. Results from these experiments indicated that mast cells inhibit heart fibroblast migration and contraction of 3‐dimensional collagen gels. Further experiments indicated that incubation of neonatal heart fibroblasts with extracts of mast cells altered the expression of collagen, matrix metalloproteases, and matrix receptors of the integrin family. These studies suggest that mast cells play an important role in the regulation of the cardiac interstitial matrix. Further studies are warranted to determine the mechanisms whereby mast cells modulate fibroblast activity. J. Cell. Physiol. 191: 51–59, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Epidermal growth factor stimulates serine/threonine phosphorylation of the focal adhesion protein paxillin in a MEK‐dependent manner in normal rat kidney cells
Authors: Terfera David R. , Brown Michael C. , Turner Christopher E. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractEpidermal growth factor (EGF)‐stimulated proliferation of renal epithelial cells plays an important role in the recovery of kidney tubule epithelia following exposure to insult. Numerous studies have demonstrated that tyrosine phosphorylation of the focal adhesion protein paxillin mediates in part the effects of growth factors on cell growth, migration, and organization of the actin‐based cytoskeleton. The experiments in this report were designed to determine the effect of EGF on paxillin phosphorylation in normal rat kidney (NRK) epithelial cells. Interestingly, treatment of NRK cells with EGF stimulated paxillin serine/threonine phosphorylation, which caused a reduction in the mobility of paxillin on sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS–PAGE). The EGF‐stimulated mobility shift of paxillin was independent of an intact cytoskeleton, phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (PI 3‐kinase) activation, protein kinase C (PKC) activation, and cellular adhesion. However, inhibitors of the mitogen‐activated protein kinase/extracellular signal‐regulated kinase kinase abrogated the EGF‐stimulated change in paxillin mobility. In addition, the EGF‐stimulated change in paxillin serine/threonine phosphorylation was not accompanied by a profound reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton. These results identify paxillin as a component EGF signaling in renal epithelial cells and implicate members of the MAP kinase pathway as critical regulators of paxillin serine/threonine phosphorylation. J. Cell. Physiol. 191: 82–94, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mismatch repair in correction of replication errors and processing of DNA damage
Authors: Aquilina Gabriele , Bignami Margherita 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe primary role of mismatch repair (MMR) is to maintain genomic stability by removing replication errors from DNA. This repair pathway was originally implicated in human cancer through an association between microsatellite instability in colorectal tumors in hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer (HNPCC) kindreds. Microsatellites are short repetitive sequences which are often copied incorrectly by DNA polymerases because the template and daughter strands in these regions are particularly prone to misalignment. These replication‐dependent events create loops of extrahelical bases which would produce frameshift mutations unless reversed by MMR. One consequence of MMR loss is a widespread expansion and contraction of these repeated sequences that affects the whole genome. Defective MMR is therefore associated with a mutator phenotype. Since the same pathway is also responsible for repairing base:base mismatches, defective cells also experience large increases in the frequency of spontaneous transition and transversion mutations. Three different approaches have been used to investigate the function of individual components of the MMR pathway. The first is based on the biochemical characterization of the purified protein complexes using synthetic DNA substrates containing loops or single mismatches. In the second, the biological consequences of MMR loss are inferred from the phenotype of cell lines established from repair‐deficient human tumors, from tolerant cells or from mice defective in single MMR genes. In particular, molecular analysis of the mutations in endogenous or reporter genes helped to identify the DNA substrates for MMR. Finally, mice bearing single inactive MMR genes have helped to define the involvement of MMR in cancer prevention. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.