bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
General anesthetics attenuate gap junction coupling in P19 cell line
Authors: Wentlandt Kirsten , Carlen Peter L. , Kushnir Moshe , Naus Christian C. , El‐Beheiry Hossam 
Published: June 2005

AbstractGap junction communication is widespread throughout the mammalian nervous system among neurons as well as glia. We addressed the hypothesis that general anesthetics attenuate gap junction mediated coupling in P19 cell line that can differentiate into neuronal‐like cells and astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. We characterized the extent of dye coupling over time in the P19 cell line using colocalization of chlormethylbenzamido‐1,1 dioctadecyl‐3,3,3′,3′‐tetramethylindocarbocyamine (CM‐DiI) and calcein‐AM in donor and recipient cells in cocultures. After seeding, the gap junction permeant dye calcein spreads from donor to recipient cells. CM‐DiI and calcein fluorescence identified donor and recipient cells, respectively. The extent of intercellular connections was evaluated using cell counting and flow cytometry up to 2 hr after treatment. Clinically relevant concentrations of the intravenous anesthetics propofol (15 μM) and thiopental (10 μM) attenuated gap junction permeability in P19 cell cultures. In contrast, halothane, a volatile anesthetic in a concentration (0.64 mM) relevant to its free aqueous EC50 had no effect on gap junction coupling; however, very high halothane concentrations (2.8 mM) blocked dye transfer by ∼90%. The results indicate that halothane concentrations pertinent to clinical anesthesia were unable to attenuate gap junction communication in a cell line that can express neuronal and glial gap junction proteins; however, clinically relevant concentrations of propofol and thiopental depressed gap junction coupling. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Screening and construct‐specific detection methods of transgenic Huafan No 1 tomato by conventional and real‐time PCR
Authors: Yang Litao , Shen Huifeng , Pan Aihu , Chen Jianxiu , Huang Cheng , Zhang Dabing 
Published: June 2005

AbstractGenetically modified (GM) tomatoes have been approved for commercialization in many countries since the first GM tomato FLAVR SAVR was permitted for planting in 1994. In China, GM tomato Huafan No 1 with a character of long shelf‐life was the first GM plant which was approved for commercialization in 1996. To meet the requirement of the GM tomatoes labeling policy that has been actualized in China since 2001, screening and construct‐specific PCR detection methods for detecting the universal elements transformed into tomato, such as cauliflower mosaic virus 35S (CaMV35s) promoter and the nopaline synthase (NOS) terminator of Agrobacterium tumefaciens, and the specifically inserted heterologous DNA sequence between CaMV35s promoter and anti‐sense ethylene‐forming enzyme (EFE) gene were set up. To make the detection methods normative, a novel single copy tomato gene LAT52 was also used as an endogenous reference gene in the PCR detection systems. The limit of detection of screening and construct specific detection methods for Huafan No 1 was 68 haploid genome copies in conventional PCR detection, and three copies in TaqMan real‐time PCR detection. The limit of quantitation of screening quantitative PCR assays for Huafan No 1 was three copies and was 25 copies for construct‐specific quantitative PCR. Two samples with known Huafan No 1 tomato content were detected using the established conventional and real‐time PCR systems, and these results also indicated that the established Huafan No 1 screening and construct‐specific PCR detection systems were reliable, sensitive and accurate. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Encapsulation of Polypyrrole Chains Inside the Framework of an Ordered Mesoporous Carbon
Authors: Fuertes Antonio B. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractSummary: This paper reports a facile route to fabricate high‐surface area hybrid carbon‐polymer nanocomposites following a template technique. The method presented here allows large amounts of polymer to be deposited inside one of the pore systems of a highly ordered carbon, while the other is kept empty. Such prepared composite has large polymer loadings (≈50%), high surface area (≈1 000 m2 · g−1), and a uniform porosity made up of mesopores.
magnified image
Shape Memory Effect of Bacterial Poly[(3‐hydroxybutyrate)‐co‐(3‐hydroxyvalerate)]
Authors: Kim Young Baek , Chung Chung Wook , Kim Hyung Woo , Rhee Young‐Ha 
Published: June 2005

AbstractSummary: A bacterial poly[(3‐hydroxybutyrate)‐co‐(3‐hydroxyvalerate)] biosynthesized by Pseudomonas sp. HJ‐2 was found to be a shape memory polymer. Permanent shapes were set by annealing at room temperature the samples that had been pre‐treated above 95 °C in specified shapes. The temporary shapes were set by stretching and holding the elongated samples. Thermal shrinkage began at 45 °C and stopped at 75 °C to recover to their permanent shapes. Apparently, the orientation induced the formation of hard segments that were responsible for setting the temporary shapes. The shape memory effect of this polymer was explained based on the DSC and XRD results at different phases.The recovery of a coil shape upon heating a strip of HJ‐2 PHB35V, demonstrating the polymers shape memory effect.magnified imageThe recovery of a coil shape upon heating a strip of HJ‐2 PHB35V, demonstrating the polymers shape memory effect.
Hyperexcitable polymodal and insensitive nociceptors in painful human neuropathy
Authors: Ochoa José L. , Campero Mario , Serra Jordi , Bostock Hugh 
Published: June 2005

AbstractSix patients with chronic pain, mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia/allodynia, and cutaneous vasodilatation starting distally in their extremities, were evaluated using clinical and neurophysiological methods and microneurography. Evidence of small‐fiber polyneuropathy was documented in all, but the etiology remained cryptogenic in several. Different forms of hyperexcitability were detected by microneurography in both common polymodal and mechanically insensitive C nociceptors, which explain all the somatosensory abnormalities. Signs of hyperexcitability included reduced receptor threshold (accounting for mechanical and heat allodynias), spontaneous C nociceptor discharge (explaining spontaneous “burning” pain and antidromic vasodilatation), and multiplied nociceptor responses to stimulation (accounting for hyperalgesia). The clinical and electrophysiological profiles of these patients resemble the experimental syndrome evoked by application of capsaicin to the skin. This similarity, and the striking heat dependence of the spontaneous pain, suggest that a common feature may be altered expression or modulation of vanilloid 1 receptor, provoking abnormal nociceptor discharges. Muscle Nerve, 2005
Neurologic complications after surgery for obesity
Authors: Koffman Boyd M. , Greenfield L. John , Ali Imran I. , Pirzada Noor A. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractBariatric surgical procedures are increasingly common. In this review, we characterize the neurologic complications of such procedures, including their mechanisms, frequency, and prognosis. Literature review yielded 50 case reports of 96 patients with neurologic symptoms after bariatric procedures. The most common presentations were peripheral neuropathy in 60 (62%) and encephalopathy in 30 (31%). Among the 60 patients with peripheral neuropathy, 40 (67%) had a polyneuropathy and 18 (30%) had mononeuropathies, which included 17 (94%) with meralgia paresthetica and 1 with foot drop. Neurologic emergencies including Wernicke's encephalopathy, rhabdomyolysis, and Guillain–Barré syndrome were also reported. In 18 surgical series reported between 1976 and 2004, 133 of 9996 patients (1.3%) were recognized to have neurologic complications (range: 0.08–16%). The only prospective study reported a neurologic complication rate of 4.6%, and a controlled retrospective study identified 16% of patients with peripheral neuropathy. There is evidence to suggest a role for inflammation or an immunologic mechanism in neuropathy after gastric bypass. Micronutrient deficiencies following gastric bypass were evaluated in 957 patients in 8 reports. A total of 236 (25%) had vitamin B12 deficiency and 11 (1%) had thiamine deficiency. Routine monitoring of micronutrient levels and prompt recognition of neurological complications can reduce morbidity associated with these procedures. Muscle Nerve, 2006
A multigrid for image deblurring with Tikhonov regularization
Authors: Donatelli M. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractIn the resolution of certain image deblurring problems with given boundary conditions we obtain two‐level structured linear systems. In the case of shift‐invariant point spread function with Dirichlet (zero) boundary conditions, the blurring matrices are block Toeplitz matrices with Toeplitz blocks. If the periodic boundary conditions are used, then the involved structures become block circulant with circulant blocks. Furthermore, Gaussian‐like point spread functions usually lead to numerically banded matrices which are ill‐conditioned since they are associated to generating functions that vanish in a neighbourhood of (π,π). We solve such systems by applying a multigrid method. The proposed technique shows an optimality property, i.e. its cost is of O(N) arithmetic operations (like matrix–vector product), where N is the size of the linear system. In the case of images affected by noise we use two Tikhonov regularization techniques to reduce the noise effects. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Inter‐observer variation in coding osteoarthritis in human skeletal remains
Authors: Waldron Tony , Rogers Juliet 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThirty‐eight participants at the VIIIth European Meeting of the Paleopathology Association took part in a study of inter‐observer variation in scoring osteoarthritis in human skeletal remains. Ten specimens representing different joints were used and five criteria of osteoarthritis were scored. Eleven of the 38 participants ranked themselves as beginners, 13 as experienced and six as very experienced; the data were subsequently examined using the results from these 30, comparing beginners with experts. Agreement as to whether or not changes were present on the specimens and on the degree of change was seldom complete but was greater when scoring eburnation and the presence of new bone on the joint surface than for the three other criteria. There was little difference between beginners and experts.Although all the specimens were chosen to meet our published criteria for osteoarthritis, the experts were unanimous is agreeing the diagnosis in only three cases and the beginners in only one.These results suggest that more work needs to be done to develop operational definitions for the classification of disease in palaeopathology and that great care must be taken when comparing disease frequencies between studies.
‘Rid grasse of bones’: A taphonomic study of the bones from midden deposits at the Neolithic and Bronze age site of Runnymede, Surrey, England
Authors: Serjeantson Dale 
Published: June 2005

AbstractRunnymede has large samples of Neolithic and Late Bronze Age animal bones, with contrasting preservation conditions in both periods. The bone evidence has been used to interpret the formation of the site deposits.There are few articulated bones, and no joins were found in butchered bone, indicating that the area studied did not contain primary refuse. Various aspects of bone alteration have been analysed: (i) the proportion of bones with very good surface preservation was high in the in situ Neolithic excavation units and the basal Bronze Age midden, but bones in the upper units were mostly eroded. These units are reworked flood deposits. The greater degree of fragmentation of the bone in the reworked units has been quantified, using a system of recording the ‘zones’ present on each bone, which allows calculation of the fraction present. It is also demonstrated that the reworked units contain a lower proportion of identified bones and a higher proportion of teeth and iaws than the units with well‐preserved bone, (ii) Quantification of canid gnawing shows, unexpectedly, that more was recorded on well‐preserved bone. Thus recognition of gnawing depends on bone condition. This also confirms that most of the erosion of the bone surface is a post‐depositional phenomenon.The sequence of activities is therefore interpreted as follows: meat was cooked and consumed, and the bones discarded for the dogs. At a later stage, larger bones were picked up and thrown away in the river or midden. Some ethnographic examples of periodic cleaning of farming settlements are cited.
The prevalence of, and the relationship between some spinal diseases in a human skeletal population from London
Authors: Waldron Tony 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe prevalence of osteoarthritis, osteophytosis, intervertebral disc disease and diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH) was determined in a group of skeletons excavated from the crypt of Christ Church, Spitalfields. Age‐specific prevalence rates were calculated from the group of skeletons for which age at death was known from intact coffin plates. Osteoarthritis of the facet joints occurred most frequently in the cervical and upper thoracic regions and was also common in the lower lumbar spine. The disease was more frequently bilateral in the lumbar spine than in upper regions.Osteophytes were common in the thoracic and lumbar spines, whereas intervertebral disc disease was confined almost completely to the cervical region. Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis seemed to be underrepresented in this group, but was more common in males than in females.Age correlated significantly with all the conditions except DISH. Multiple regression analysis was carried out using each of the conditions as the dependent variable in turn. Age accounted for more of the variance than any of the other conditions added as independent variables.
An otological investigation of Lithuanian skulls
Authors: Sakalinskas Virgilijus , Jankauskas Rimantas 
Published: June 2005

AbstractTwo thousand seven hundred and sixty temporal bones from 1603 skulls ranging from the Neolithic to the eighteenth century AD were investigated visually and under magnification, scoring auditory exostoses, stapes footplate fixation and removing preserved auditory ossicles. Sixteen cases of auditory exostoses were noted. Changes in their occurrence were evident in adult skulls from the first to second millennia AD, (3.31 ± 0.87 per cent and 0.25 ± 0.18 per cent, p < 0.001). Clear sexual differences were also elucidated (males: 1.96 ± 0.56 per cent, females: 0.49 ± 0.28 per cent). Taking into account the geographical latitude of Lithuania, this prevalence should not be considered high. Twelve cases of stapes footplate fixation in the oval window, which could be considered as otosclerosis, were identified; no sexual or temporal differences were noted. The general frequency in adult skulls (0.99 ± 0.28 per cent) is similar to that in contemporary Caucasoid people. Three hundred and four intact auditory ossicles obtained during examination were measured. As these measurements did not differ significantly from data in the literature, morphological stability of the auditory ossicles was confirmed. Certain sexual differences were established for several measurements.
CD ROM imaging in osteoarchaeology
Authors: Roberts Charlotte , Rudgewick‐Brown Nigel 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThis paper describes the potential use of CD ROM in osteoarchaeology. It describes what CD ROM is and how it works, how CD ROM disks are produced and how the technique could be used in osteoarchaeology. The hardware required, both to produce and access compact disks, is outlined together with approximate costs. The possible uses of the technique in osteoarchaeology are suggested. Costs for the hardware are reasonable. However, collaboration between organizations will be essential.
Comparison of third metatarsal and third cuneiform defects among various populations
Authors: Tenney James M. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractDefects in the proximal third metatarsal and distal face of the third cuneiform are occasionally seen. Sometimes they have been interpreted as abscess, tumour, or arthritis. The present large series of 193 affected individuals markedly extends the number studied and shows the entity to be ubiquitous, although its frequency varies considerably among different populations. Thus, a modern‐day group of Negroes and Caucasians had prevalance of 6.3 per cent and 7.3 per cent, respectively. Pre‐Aleut and Aleut Eskimos had frequencies of 12.5 per cent and 13.7 per cent, respectively, while a group of predynastic Egyptians had a frequency of 4.1 per cent. A greatly expanded series of precontact Native Califorians showed an overall frequency of 17.5 per cent. When these were separated by location and horizon, however, there was considerable variability, with one large site having 39 per cent of individuals affected. It appears from the wide and rather uneven distribution, as well as the clear‐cut presence or absence of the lesion, that it would serve as a useful post‐cranial non‐metric trait in population studies.
Scanning electron microscopy of rib lesions
Authors: Wakely Jennifer , Manchester Keith , Roberts Charlotte 
Published: June 2005

AbstractSubperiosteal deposits of new bones on the visceral surfaces of ribs obtained from a variety of British Roman and Medieval cemeteries were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). They showed evidence of active deposition of bone around a network of vascular grooves. A sequence of stages, from a slight deepening of the grooves to complete enclosure of the blood vessel in a bony tunnel could be recognized and, in some specimens, several superimposed layers of new bone indicated that the process could be repeated. Microscopical evidence for osteoblastic and osteoclastic (Howships) lacunae existed in the best preserved specimens, showing the value of SEM, in demonstrating the cellular dynamics of palaeopathological processes.In the Terry Collection (Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC) the appearance of this lesion is significantly associated with tuberculosis or other pulmonary disease. We suggest a similar correlation for British material.The importance of establishing early diagnostic criteria for respiratory infection in osteoar‐chaeological material is emphasized. The presence of periostitis on rib visceral surfaces is detected easily using only a hand lens and abundant material is available. It is suggested that it might form one such useful diagnostic criterion.
Ultrastructure of normal and pathological fossilized red blood cells compared with pseudopathological biological structures
Authors: Maat George J. R. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractScanning electron microscopic examination of the bone marrow cavity of human skeletons dating from the Hellenistic Period in the Persian Gulf (330 to ca. 150 years BC) revealed the presence of fossilized blood cells. Owing to local conditions, the ultrastructure of the cells appeared to have been preserved very well. Consequently, a morphological comparison could be made between red blood cells of normal individuals and those of a man with porotic hyperostosis, which appeared to have been caused by sickle‐cell anaemia. For completeness, pseudopathological changes caused by the decomposition process were also studied.
The possibility of diagnosing meningiomas in palaeopathology
Authors: Campillo Domingo 
Published: June 2005

AbstractAfter a study of approximately 3,000 ancient skulls, from the Neolithic period to the Late Middle Ages, the presence of five lesions suspected of having corresponded to a mening oma during life were detected.The study is comparative with the current clinical picture of these lesions, with regard to their morphological as well as to their radiographic aspect. We consider that the situation of the lesions, the macroscopic appearance of the osteogenic or osteoloytic alterations, associated vascular grooves, age and sex is sufficient to diagnose these tumours with a small margin of error.
Renal and biliary calculi: A palaeopathological analysis
Authors: Sanchez J. A. , Etxeberria F. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractRenal and biliary calculi were obtained from a mummified young woman of the seventeenth century from the Basque Country, Spain. The calculi were studied by chemical analysis, scanning electron microscopy and spectrophotometry. The same techniques were applied to other calculus material obtained from a seventh century necropolis.This communication presents these results and emphasizes the accuracy of the techniques independently of the age and degree of contamination of the human organic remains.
Continuous eruption and periodontal status in pre‐industrial dentitions
Authors: Glass G. B. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractContinuous eruption in response to attrition has been reported for different tooth groups in preindustrial remains. However, no full intra‐arch and inter‐arch comparison of eruption has been undertaken. The position of the gingival margin, which is unknown in skeletal dentitions, is important in assessing periodontal disease and also in establishing whether root exposure occurred as continuous eruption progressed. The apical margin of supragingival calculus (SGC) provides a marker of the original gingival crest and could be used to study loss of attachment in dental remains.Thirty nine Irish pre‐industrial dentitions were examined for continuous eruption, and 17 for the position of the gingival margin. To score attrition an index was devised. The apical border of supragingival calculus represented the gingival margin. Cemento‐enamel junction (CEJ) to alveolar crest (AC) and SGC‐AC measurements were recorded at six sites on teeth.Intra‐arch analyses indicated no differences for the rate of continuous eruption between tooth groups. Inter‐arch comparison revealed that the degree of eruption was greater in the mandible than in the maxilla (p < 0.001). At 84 per cent of sites SGC‐AC was 3 mm or less. The mean distance of SGC‐AC was 3.1 mm. The estimated mean sulcus depths were 1.27 mm in the mandible and 1.3 mm in the maxilla, the difference was not significant. Evidence of pocketing of > 3 mm occurred at 1.8 per cent of sites. The distance of SGC‐AC followed a distinct pattern with tooth type. Proximal CEJ‐AC values were less than buccal‐lingual levels (p < 0.001), suggesting that periodontal disease was not a major feature of the dentitions examined.It is concluded that in the dentitions examined: (i) continuous eruption was greater in the mandible; (ii) chronic periodontitis with pocketing and loss of proximal AC was not a significant finding; (iii) the position of the gingival margin was maintained at a relatively stable relationship with the AC, which would have resulted in root exposure as attrition progressed. These observations indicate that caution is required when interpreting evidence of attachment loss as an indicator of periodontal disease in pre‐industrial remains and contemporary populations exhibiting high rates of functional attrition.