bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Research on Fracturing Technology for Low Production and Low Efficiency Casing Damaged Wells
Authors: Zhang Kun , Mao Qing-bo , MA Zi-han , Huang Su , Zhang Yang 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
With the further development of Daqing Oilfield, the proportion of casing damaged wells is increasing day by day, because the casing damage location is mostly located in the upper part of the reservoir, the conventional technology can not carry out targeted fracturing construction,the low-yield and low-efficiency wells which limits the efficient development of the oil field. In order to satisfy the needs of subdivision and large-scale fracturing construction of low-yield and low-efficiency wells with casing damage, this paper studied the fracturing design principles, determined the optimal design theory of different types of wells, and can make effective fracturing schemes for different reservoirs and well conditions. At the same time, a kind of small diameter segmented fracturing tools have been developed, which can meet the fracturing operation of wells with diameter above 104mm, so that the number of fracturing segments and the scale of reconstruction are greatly higher than those of conventional technology. 30 wells have been tested in the field, and the effect of increasing oil and injection is obvious. The results show that this process can effectively improve the production status of casing damage, low production and low efficiency wells and increase the productivity of single wells.
Wygd Study on prediction method of drilling pressure in low permeability oilfield
Authors: Liu Ce 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
During the high water cut development stage of low permeability in M block, the overall recovery degree is low, there has 100 infilling wells been drilled since 2020 to improve the development effect. Before drilling, in order to avoid the risk of pressure safety, it is necessary to shut down the peripheral water injection wells to relieve the pressure, at the same time.Since the M Block reservoir is a low permeability reservoir, the pressure relief time after drilling off is long, which increases the impact on the production of developing wells and increases the fluid transportation and the related production costs, while there is no uniform standard for the time, pressure and distance of drilling off. In order to control the production loss of developing wells and save the shut-in cost. This paper applies numerical simulation and reservoir engineering method, by establishing fine geological model, optimizing simulation technology, considering the influence of start-up pressure gradient, establishing theoretical formula and mathematical model of drilling pressure, clarifying the law of drilling-off pressure relief and pressure drop, calculating the formation pressure of single well in the whole area, forming the drilling-off limit and rapid pressure prediction method, through comparison and verification, the overall deviation is 3.8%, and the method is accurate and reliable.
Electrodeposition of Double Chromium Plating to Improve Corrosion Performance of Screw Drilling in Chloride Environment
Authors: Zhao Shuai , Liu Chang , Gao Jian , Bao Ming-yu , Wang Jing-bo , Gao Yue , Tang Li , Tang Qiu-ping 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
To adapt to and satisfy rising energy demand, oil and gas exploration and production are gradually spreading to locations with poor underground conditions, and the demand for screw drilling instruments is rising as well. When underground drilling tool materials are subjected to these harsh operating circumstances, they corrode severely and may even cause drill pipe breakage and blowout incidents. Failure due to corrosion is still the most common type of failure, with drilling fluid being the leading cause of downhole drilling tool corrosion and equipment damage, particularly in high-temperature and high-pressure working conditions with higher corrosiveness, which must be avoided and controlled. Double chromium was successfully plated on the surface of the screw rotor using the electrodeposition method to extend the service life of screw drilling instruments. Electrochemical methods such as scanning electron microscopy, open circuit potential, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and potentiodynamic polarization curve were used to analyze the plating’s morphology and corrosion resistance. The research results show that at high chloride concentrations (50g/L∼100g/L), when the chloride ion concentration is 60g/L, corrosion resistance is the lowest, and that double chromium plating enhances threaded drilling tool corrosion resistance. The dual chromium plating’s polarization resistance has been enhanced by 18 times. The double chrome plated milky white chrome plating functions as a physical barrier to prevent corrosive substances from diffusing to the substrate interface, corrosive ions from reaching the substrate, and considerably improving the screw rotor’s anti pitting performance.
The cambrian gog quartzite and deadwood formations of alberta: lessons for subsurface carbon sequestration
Authors: Noad Jon J 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Injecting carbon dioxide into reservoirs has been undertaken since the 1940s, mostly as a method to enhance oil recovery. With the recognition of the impact of climate change, interest in carbon sequestration has increased exponentially, with hundreds of projects in progress around the globe. Many of these projects focus on Cambrian quartzites, which meet the requirements for carbon dioxide injection (CCS). Several CCS projects in Alberta, Canada, currently focus on using these reservoirs, including the Basal Cambrian Sandstone and Deadwood Formations, for injection and storage.
A series of spectacular outcrops of the Cambrian Gog Quartzite are available for study in the area around Lake Louise in the Canadian Rockies of Alberta. These outcrops provide compelling analogues to other clastic Cambrian formations in the province that have been utilized for CCS. As an example, the Gog Quartzite was used by Shell as a direct reservoir analogue when modeling CO2 injection into the Basal Cambrian Sandstone in the QUEST Project. The Gog Quartzite also has potential to act as a CCS reservoir in its own right and may reach 2 kilometres in thickness.
Outcrops of the Gog Quartzite were studied at Sink Lake, Spiral Tunnels and in the vicinity of Lake Louise in Alberta. They include fluvial and shallow marine, high net:gross sandstone beds with stacked trough cross-bedded sandstones. These are commonly interbedded with thin mudstone beds. Sedimentary structures include planar and trough cross-beds, wave ripples and contorted horizons interpreted as seismites with associated dewatering. Some units of the Gog Quartzite are heavily bioturbated with burrows including Arenicolites and Skolithos as well as other marine traces such as trilobite related ichnofacies.
The Cambrian Deadwood Formation is also a target for carbon dioxide sequestration and provides the main reservoir for the Aquistore Project in Saskatchewan. It has been targeted by exploration wells in eastern Alberta and a new core study has demonstrated its suitability as a CO2 reservoir. Facies ranging from regolith overlying igneous basement, through alluvial fan and tidal deposits, and out into shallow marine settings with well developed parasequences, are all seen in the cores.
The outcrop and core studies provide new data on Cambrian reservoirs which can be applied directly to potential Cambrian CCS targets in the subsurface of Alberta. The data can also be used to identify other potential Cambrian CO2 sinks around the world.
Application of Novel Differential Injection-production Optimization Strategy in Tight Pioclastic Limestone Reservoir
Authors: Hu Dandan , Wang Shu , Zhao Limin , He Bing , Ma Ruicheng , Wu Yuanbing , Hu Songhao 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The permeability of the ultra-low permeability bioclastic limestone reservoir in Middel East A Oilfield is about 5md. The pore structure of the reservoir is in multimodal mode and has strong micro heterogeneity. The single well productivity was low and it was difficult to sustain production after the vertical well development was adopted in the early stage, and it has been gradually transformed into horizontal well pattern at the flank area. However, the reservoir pressure and production declined rapidly, and the development effect became worse. Through the combination of reservoir micro-characteristics and macro-production performance characteristics, this paper clarifies the ultra-low permeability bioclastic limestone oil displacement mechanism and remaining oil distribution law under the micro-macroscopic dual scale, and clarifies the reasonable well spacing of vertical well pattern and horizontal injection-production well pattern. Based on the differential single well performance characteristics and water injection development mechanism, the injection-production connectivity evaluation model based on rapid numerical simulation is established, the regional differential injection-production strategy is formulated, the injection-production optimization adjustment criteria are established, the establishment of effective displacement system for the reservoir is supported, and the adjustment of more than 280 producers have been carried out in 2020-2022. The daily oil production of a single well has been restored from 307 barrels/day in 2019 to 483 barrels/day in 2022, and the water cut is reduced from 27.1% to 22.1%, the reservoir pressure recovery of 496psi provides important experience guidance for the scale benefit production of such tight bioclastic limestone reservoir.
The effect of hydraulic fracturing length to the well production
Authors: Eyvazov Jabrayil , Hamidov Natig 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The lowering of the original or natural permeability of the reservoir rock close to the well bore is referred to as “formation damage.” Additionally, it can be described as any kind of procedure that lowers the productivity of an oil, water, or gas bearing formation. Production, drilling, hydraulic fracturing, and work over operations are just a few of the steps of recovering oil and gas from reservoirs that can result in formation damage, an unfavorable operational and financial issue. A well stimulation method used to raise well productivity is hydraulic fracturing. This method helps to transfer the crude oil and natural gas through the pores and artificially develops channels to the production well because they are stuck at specific locations in the rocks. The oil and gas are extracted from the well and delivered to the surface for further utilization. Fracturing fluid, also known as pumping fluid, typically created by mixing water and sand and injecting it under high pressure into the formation when using the hydraulic fracturing process. There are certain activities that cause damage near the wellbore which lead to reduction in productivity. The drilling operation itself causes damage to the formation as the solids and fluids of the drilling fluids, as well as the fines produced due to the drilling operation, invade the formation and reduce the formation permeability and the ability of the oil and gas to flow to the wellbore. Hydraulic fracturing improves the productivity by creating a conductive path into the reservoir. The length of hydraulic fracturing influences to the production of well. As well as length of hydraulic fracturing increases, oil and gas production from well is increasing. After some point of length, it does not influence to the production of well.
Analysis of Lens Surface Shape Based on Theory of Plates and Shells
Authors: Jin Yu-chen 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The purpose of this article is to improve the accuracy and expand the force analysis of the lens by using the theory of plates and shells and reciprocal theorem. The first one concerns the deflection expression of a circular lens of equal thickness supported at several uniform points. The second calculates the deflection of the lens under its own weight, and then starting from known Zernike coefficient, PV value and RMS value in optics, the first 37 Zernike coefficients are obtained. The third compares the Zernike coefficients and lens center deflections of partic-ular cases. The derivation process based on plates and shells theory and reciprocal theorem is given in details. As validation, the lens deflec-tion expression is applied to calculate 4 points support, the predicted re-sults illustrate great agreements with the finite element simulation solution. Finally, the proposed method has shown great potential for engi-neering analysis and may also bring inspirations for optical field, as well as other plate and shell theory system.
AE-BEGAN based Synthetic Data Augmentation for Sample-Limited High-Dimensional Problems with Application to NIR Spectral Data
Authors: Luo Xin-Yue , Fan Xing-Rong , Zhang Xian-Ming , Chen Tian-Yu , Huang Chun-Jie 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Synthetic data augmentation holds substantial research and application value in scenarios characterized by limited samples and high dimensions. It enhances the analytical ability and efficiency of spectral analysis models. This paper proposes Autoencoder-Combined Boundary Equilibrium Generative Adversarial Networks (AE-BEGAN) as a new method for augmenting synthetic data in scenarios with limited samples and high dimensions, with a specific emphasis on near-infrared (NIR) spectral data. The spectral data first undergoes preprocessing procedures that encompass advanced noise reduction algorithms and techniques for removing abnormal samples, guaranteeing elimination of unwanted disturbances and outliers. Then, the pre-processed data is utilized to train the AE-BEGAN model, which generates augmented synthetic samples. Finally, real NIR spectral data obtained from lubricant samples exhibiting different water contents were employed to validate and test the performance of the model. The experimental results demonstrate that the AE-BEGAN model outperforms other GANs in generating synthetic data of high quality and diversity, as quantified by two evaluation metrics, α-Precision and β-Recall with scores of approximately 0.86 and 0.28, respectively. The application case study confirms that the AE-BEGAN model exhibits the capability to generate derived NIR spectra and expand the number of spectra in scenarios with limited samples and high dimensions.
Research and application of anti - corrosion cement slurry in formation water corrosion environment
Authors: Min Jiang-ben , Zhang Jian , Wan Xiang-chen , Chen Xiao-rong , Wang Wen-bin , Tang Kai 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Corrosion of cementing cement ring causes the cement ring permeability to increase, resulting in serious casing corrosion. The casing corrosion perforation leads to an increase in water content of oil wells, low driving use of water injection wells, and imbalance of injection and production well patterns. Therefore, on the basis of conventional cementing cement, epoxy resin emulsion non-penetrating agent and corrosion inhibitor composed of rust and antibacterial materials are added to reduce the corrosion and permeability of cementing cement and reduce casing corrosion. The cement sample permeability experiment shows that adding 10% non-permeability agent and 2% corrosion inhibitor to low-density cement reduces the cement stone sample permeability from 0.075mD to 0.021mD, a decrease of 3.57 times. In the conventional density cement, adding 10% non-penetrating agent and 2% corrosion inhibitor, the permeability of the cement stone sample decreased from 0.041mD to 0.0009mD, a decrease of 4.56 times. The evaluation experiment of cement stone anti-corrosion performance shows that adding 10% non-penetrating agent and 2% corrosion inhibitor to cement can increase the corrosion resistance of cement samples by 6 times. At the same time, the thickening time and compressive strength of cement stone samples remain unchanged compared with conventional cement. Optimizing the technological measures of supporting anti-corrosion tools, and summing up a set of anti-corrosion cementing technology through the field application of anti-corrosion cement slurry, which provides strong technical support for the development of cementing technology under the corrosive environment of formation water in the oil field.
Division Method of Dynamic Flow Units in Fluvial Reservoir at Ultra-high Water Cut Period
Authors: Sui Yingfei , Cui Chuanzhi , Qian Yin , Jia Peifeng , Lu Shuiqingshan , Chen Mengxin 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The heterogeneity of fluvial sedimentary reservoir is serious. The division of flow units in the early stage of development can provide a good guidance in the well pattern distribution and reservoir production. Due to the huge changes in the oil-water system in the long-term development reservoir, the flow units divided at the initial stage are difficult to guide the production when entering the ultra-high water cut period. Therefore, it is necessary to redefine the division indicators and methods of flow units, so as to provide support for the formulation of efficient regulation and control technology. Starting from the definition of flow unit, this paper establishes the percolation coefficient as the characteristic index of percolation capacity. Combined with the percolation characteristics of fluvial reservoir, the dynamic flow unit division method with percolation coefficient and water cut as division parameters is established. Through the division results of typical models of fluvial reservoir, it can be seen that the four types of flow units divided by the dynamic flow unit method in this paper can play a great guiding role in the later formulation of regulation and control measures. The verification of reservoir examples shows that the division results of dynamic flow units of fluvial facies can well reflect the remaining oil enrichment areas in the reservoir and classify the remaining oil enrichment areas. At the same time, the dynamic flow unit changes continuously with the development process, which can more clearly show the producing degree of each remaining oil enrichment area after the regulation and control measures. This provides a key support for formulating targeted and efficient reservoir development technique.
Research and Practice of Intelligent Separate Production Technology with Cable in Huabei Oilfield
Authors: Chen Ya-jun , Xu Zhi-yuan , Ge Dong-wen , Zhang Xu , Huang Bo-hua , Wang Tao 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In order to improve the separate production effect of sandstone reservoir in Huabei Oilfield and give full play to the production capacity of medium and low permeability layers, the intelligent separate production technology with cable is designed and developed. The technology uses cable packer to seal each layer in the well, and a set of intelligent separate production device is connected to the corresponding string position of each target layer. During the production process, the intelligent separate production device can send instructions according to the ground control center Open or close the oil layer to realize the exploitation of any layer and multi-layer co production of any layer. It can accurately measure the liquid production and properties of each section of the well, and calculate the formation permeability, skin factor and other parameters by sections, so as to realize the continuous testing and monitoring function.In the later stage, the switch opening can be adjusted by remote control to adjust the output of each layer in time to meet different production allocation requirements and achieve the purpose of increasing oil and reducing water, which is of great significance to realize the accurate development of the reservoir.
Physical Simulation of Steam Absorption Characteristics in Horizontal Wells of Super Heavy Oil Reservoir
Authors: Yu-Junli  
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In the process of dual Horizontal well SAGD development of super heavy oil, the steam absorption balance of upper horizontal steam injection well is an important factor to determine the development effect of SAGD. The factors affecting the steam absorption of upper horizontal wells involve reservoir permeability, steam injection technology, steam injection parameters, etc. The physical simulation method is used to study the influence degree of each specific factor and improvement measures. Based on the similarity criterion, the reservoir scale model is designed and made according to the oilfield prototype, and the simulation experiment is carried out on the steam absorption characteristics and influencing factors along the horizontal wellbore. The experimental results show that the steam injection rate, non condensable gas, the location of the steam injection string and the reservoir permeability have great effects on the steam absorption of the reservoir. The heating uniformity along the horizontal well can be improved by properly increasing the steam injection speed, adding a certain amount of non condensable gas to the steam, and the position of the steam injection string end in the relatively low permeability area of the reservoir. This achievement has a strong guiding significance for improving the steam absorption balance of horizontal wells and improving the development level of dual level SAGD.
Nitrogen Foam Alternating Flooding Experiment in The Offshore Strong Bottom Water Sandstone Reservoir
Authors: Cai Hui , Zhang Zhang , Tan Jie , Liu-Yan Chun , Zhang Wen-tong 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The CFD oilfield is located in the Bohai Sea area and is a typical offshore sandstone reservoir with strong bottom water. The characteristic of the rapid increase in water content is that it quickly enters a highly high water content period, and there currently needed to be more potential tapping measures affected by offshore production facilities. The development mode should be changed to explore the development effect of nitrogen foam flooding. This study conducted two experiments. The first experiment is a gas injection expansion experiment, which studied the changes in bubble point pressure, fluid volume, density, and viscosity under different gas injection conditions. The second experiment used a high-temperature and high-pressure oil displacement device and a long core for oil displacement experiments. Two typical sand bodies were selected for the N2 foam oil displacement experiment. The experimental results show that nitrogen injection has little effect on the properties of reservoir crude oil, with a viscosity reduction effect of 12.4% for heavy oil and 20.0% for thin oil. The viscosity of crude oil significantly impacts the selection of alternative media. The channel was prone to blockage and low oil displacement efficiency when injecting a single gas medium into a heavy oil system. The displacement efficiency of thin oil nitrogen foam is 73.28%. The displacement efficiency of nitrogen foam flooding for heavy oil is 43.09%. This study has a guiding significance for developing development plans for offshore sandstone reservoirs.