bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Which may be effective to reduce blood loss after cardiac operations in cyanotic children: tranexamic acid, aprotinin or a combination?
Authors: BULUTCU FÜSUN S. , ÖZBEK UĞUR , POLAT BÜLENT , YALÇIN YALIM , KARACI A.R. , BAYINDIR OSMAN 
Published: January 2005

SummaryBackground:  Children with cyanotic heart disease undergoing cardiac surgery in which cardiopulmonary bypass is used are at increased risk of postoperative bleeding. In this study, the authors investigated the possibility of reducing postoperative blood loss by using aprotinin and tranexamic acid alone or a combination of these two agents.Methods:  In a prospective, randomized, blind study, 100 children undergoing cardiac surgery were investigated. In group 1 (n = 25) patients acted as the control and did not receive either study drugs. In group 2 (n = 25) patients received aprotinin (30.000 KIU·kg−1 after induction of anesthesia, 30.000 KIU·kg−1 in the pump prime and 30.000 KIU·kg−1 after weaning from bypass). In group 3 (n = 25) patients received tranexamic acid (100 mg·kg−1 after induction of anesthesia, 100 mg·kg−1 in the pump prime and 100 mg·kg−1 after weaning from bypass). In group 4 (n = 25) patients received a combination of the two agents in the same manner. Total blood loss and transfusion requirements during the period from protamine administration until 24 h after admission to the intensive care unit were recorded. In addition, hemoglobin, platelet counts and coagulation studies were recorded.Results:  Postoperative blood loss was significantly higher in the control group (group 1) compared with children in other groups who were treated with aprotinin, tranexamic acid or a combination of the two agents (groups 2, 3 and 4) during the first 24 h after admission to cardiac intensive care unit (40 ± 18 ml·kg−1·24 h−1, aprotinin; 35 ± 16 ml·kg−1·24 h−1, tranexamic acid; 34 ± 19 ml·kg−1·24 h−1, combination; 35 ± 15 ml·kg−1·24 h−1). The total transfusion requirements were also significantly less in the all treatment groups. Time taken for sternal closure was longer in the control group (68 ± 11 min) compared with treatment groups 2, 3 and 4, respectively (40 ± 18, 42 ± 11, 42 ± 13 min, P < 0.05). The coagulation parameters were not found to be significantly different between the three groups.Conclusions:  Our results suggested that both agents were effective to reduce postoperative blood loss and transfusion requirements in patients with cyanotic congenital heart disease. However, the combination of aprotinin and tranexamic acid did not seem more effective than either of the two drugs alone.
Spinal anesthesia for diagnostic cardiac catheterization in high‐risk infants
Authors: Katznelson Rita , Mishaly David , Hegesh Theodor , Perel Azriel , Keidan Ilan 
Published: January 2005

SummaryBackground : The main goals of diagnostic cardiac catheterization (DCC) in infants are to evaluate the anatomy and physiology of congenital and acquired cardiac defects while maintaining normal respiratory and hemodynamic variables. The aims of anesthesia for infants undergoing DCC are to prevent pain and movement during the procedure. General anesthesia (GA) or deep sedation could have undesirable respiratory and hemodynamic effects for conducting such studies. Furthermore, GA is associated with increased risks, especially in high‐risk infants. Spinal anesthesia (SA) is a successful alternative to GA in surgery on infants with a history of prematurity and respiratory problems, with minimal respiratory and hemodynamic changes.Methods : We studied whether those advantages were applicable to DCC, and used a predetermined SA protocol in a cohort of 12 infants with compromised respiratory status. Success rate, study completion, complications, hemodynamic and respiratory effects and recovery profile were recorded.Results : Failure rate was significantly higher in infants older than 6 months. There was no significant difference between baseline and intraprocedure hemodynamic and respiratory parameters. The time to discharge was relatively short (33 ± 12 min).Conclusions : Spinal anesthesia apparently provides stable hemodynamics and respiratory variables, rapid recovery and discharge time, and may be a viable alternative to GA or deep sedation in high‐risk infants <6 months old undergoing DCC.
Spinal anesthesia in an extremely low birth weight infant
Authors: NICKEL U.S. , MEYER R.R. , BRAMBRINK A.M. 
Published: January 2005

SummaryA case of spinal anesthesia in an extremely low birth weight male infant (body weight of 930 g at time of surgery) is presented. He was born prematurely at a gestational age of 27 weeks because of a placenta tumor and had to undergo inguinal herniotomy at 34 weeks postconceptional age. He had bronchopulmonary dysplasia and oxygen supply was still required because of frequent deterioration of oxygen saturation. Spinal anesthesia was performed successfully without any complications. Relevant aspects concerning the technique and management of spinal anesthesia in preterm infants are discussed.
Unexpected ST segment changes in children – a case report
Authors: ALFIREVIC ANDREJ , MOSSAD EMAD , NIEZGODA JULIE 
Published: January 2005

SummaryIn children, myocardial ischemic changes during anesthesia are a rare event unless there is underlying pathology. The patient in this case report was an apparently healthy child scheduled for adenoidectomy and bilateral tympanostomy. Occurrence of significant ST changes as well as intraoperative and postoperative hypoxemia required further diagnostic work‐up. Postoperative echocardiographic findings were suspicious of intrapulmonary right to left shunting. The pulmonary arteriovenous fistula is probably the major pathophysiological factor for the development of hypoxemia and paradoxical air embolism especially during positive pressure ventilation in our patient. Unexpected ST segment changes might also occur in patients with anomalous origin of coronary arteries. Although diagnostic work‐up was inconclusive, it is necessary to rule out any underlying pathological process. Further follow‐up is also important in order to learn more about these disease states that often have subclinical, but potentially fatal presentation.
A rare tracheal lesion
Authors: BIRCH CRAIG WALTER , SALKELD LESLEY JOAN 
Published: January 2005

SummaryWe report a potentially life‐threatening tracheal lesion that caused postextubation stridor in a child following dental surgery. The child developed a cough, dysphonia, stridor, and respiratory distress hours after his operation. Standard therapy for postextubation stridor was ineffective. A lateral neck X‐ray suggestive of subglottic pathology prompted an endoscopy. This revealed a fibrinous membrane that was attached to the anterior trachea and required mechanical ablation. The child made an uneventful recovery. This lesion has not been reported in children before and we believe that it is important in the differential diagnosis of postextubation stridor as it requires specific therapy.
Anesthetic management of a patient with MERRF syndrome
Authors: VILELA HUGO , GARCÌA‐FERNÁNDEZ JAVIER , PARODI ELBA , REINOSO‐BARBERO FRANCISCO , DURÁN PILAR , GILSANZ FERNANDO 
Published: January 2005

SummaryThere are several specific considerations regarding anesthesia in patients with mitochondrial disease. We describe the successful administration of a combined general and epidural anesthesia with sevoflurane maintenance in a patient with myoclonic epilepsy with ragged red fibers (MERRF syndrome) scheduled for surgical treatment of bilateral clubfoot.
Sevoflurane sedation in infants undergoing MRI: a preliminary report
Authors: SURY MICHAEL R.J. , HARKER HELEN , THOMAS MARK L. 
Published: January 2005

SummaryBackground : Stillness during natural sleep after feeding may not be sufficient for successful magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in small infants less than 5 kg. Sedation, using an oral agent, is often successful although the timing and depth of sedation is variable. In contrast anesthesia is always effective but is invasive and is associated with postanesthesia apnea and bradycardia in preterm and ex‐preterm infants. We are developing an alternative technique involving insufflation of sevoflurane and present our initial experience.Methods : Infants presenting for MRI were sedated by nasal insufflation of sevoflurane carried by 2 l·min−1 oxygen. We recorded the sevoflurane administered, timing of sedation and scanning, conscious level, oxygen saturations, and recovery profile.Results : Of the 13 infants studied (median postconceptional age: 46 weeks, range: 40–70 weeks; median weight: 4.4 kg, range: 3.3–6.5 kg), sevoflurane caused sleep and enabled successful imaging in 12. Six infants fell asleep within 10 min and the median maximum sevoflurane vaporizer setting for successful sedation was 4% (range: 4–8%). Before scanning, 10 infants remained easily roused by touch and two became unresponsive; one desaturated to 85% and required repositioning of the head to maintain a clear airway. Immediately after scanning all infants were easily roused by touch.Conclusions : Sedation by insufflation of sevoflurane in small infants is a simple and practical alternative technique for painless imaging such as MRI; further experience is necessary to determine its limitations.
Bacterial community composition determined by culture‐independent and ‐dependent methods during propane‐stimulated bioremediation in trichloroethene‐contaminated groundwater
Authors: Connon Stephanie A. , Tovanabootr Adisorn , Dolan Mark , Vergin Kevin , Giovannoni Stephen J. , Semprini Lewis 
Published: January 2005

SummaryAn in situ co‐metabolic air sparging (CAS) study was carried out at McClellan Air Force Base (MAFB), Sacramento, CA, USA, in a trichloroethene‐ (TCE) and cis‐dichloroethene (cis‐DCE)‐contaminated aquifer where one test zone received 2% propane in air and the other served as a control and received only air. As part of that study, bacterial population shifts were evaluated by length heterogeneity polymerase chain reaction (LH‐PCR). The results showed that an organism(s) that had a fragment size of 385 bp was positively correlated with propane removal rates. The 385 bp fragment consisted of up to 83% of the total fragments in the analysis when propane removal rates peaked. A 16S rRNA clone library made from the bacteria sampled from the propane‐sparged groundwater included clones of a TM7 division bacterium that had a 385 bp LH‐PCR fragment; no other bacterial species with this fragment size were detected. Both propane removal rates and the 385 bp LH‐PCR fragment decreased as nitrate levels in the groundwater decreased. Extinction culturing in natural unamended groundwater medium was used to assess the bacterial diversity of the culturable fraction of microorganisms in both CAS and air‐sparged groundwater and to bring novel species into culture for further study. The dominant cultures acquired from the CAS groundwater were from the Herbaspirillum/Oxalobacter clade. The dominant cultures from the air‐sparged groundwater were from a novel beta‐Proteobacterial clade, which we named after isolate HTCC333.
Neorickettsia risticii is vertically transmitted in the trematode Acanthatrium oregonense and horizontally transmitted to bats
Authors: Gibson Kathryn E. , Rikihisa Yasuko , Zhang Chunbin , Martin Carole 
Published: January 2005

SummaryPotomac horse fever is known to be transmitted through the ingestion of caddisflies parasitized with Neorickettsia (formerly Ehrlichia) risticii‐infected metacercaria. However, the species of trematode involved and how N. risticii is maintained in nature are unknown. In this study, gravid trematodes were recovered from the intestines of 12 out of 15 Eptesicus fuscus big brown bats and eight out of nine Myotis lucifugus little brown bats from various sites in Pennsylvania, USA. Trematode specimens isolated from six E. fuscus bats contained N. risticii DNA. The trematode was identified as Acanthatrium oregonense. N. risticii was detected within individual trematode eggs by polymerase chain reaction as well as by immunofluorescence labelling with an anti‐N. risticii antibody, indicating that N. risticii is vertically transmitted (from adult to egg) in A. oregonense. Furthermore, N. risticii DNA was detected in the blood, liver or spleen of 23 out of 53 E. fuscus and M. lucifugus bats, suggesting that N. risticii can also be transmitted horizontally from trematode to bat. These results indicate that A. oregonense is a natural reservoir and probably a vector of N. risticii.
Rhizodeposition and the enhanced mineralization of 2,4‐dichlorophenoxyacetic acid in soil from the Trifolium pratense rhizosphere
Authors: Shaw Liz J. , Burns Richard G. 
Published: January 2005

SummaryEnhanced biodegradation of organic xenobiotic compounds in the rhizosphere is frequently recorded although the specific mechanisms are poorly understood. We have shown that the mineralization of 2,4‐dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4‐D) is enhanced in soil collected from the rhizosphere of Trifolium pratense[e.g. maximum mineralization rate = 7.9 days−1 and time at maximum rate (t1) = 16.7 days for 12‐day‐old T. pratense soil in comparison with 4.7 days−1 and 25.4 days, respectively, for non‐planted controls). The purpose of this study was to gain a better understanding of the plant–microbe interactions involved in rhizosphere‐enhanced biodegradation by narrowing down the identity of the T. pratense rhizodeposit responsible for stimulating the microbial mineralization of 2,4‐D. Specifically, we investigated the distribution of the stimulatory component(s) among rhizodeposit fractions (exudates or root debris) and the influence of soil properties and plant species on its production. Production of the stimulatory rhizodeposit was dependent on soil pH (e.g. t1 for roots grown at pH 6.5 was significantly lower than for those grown at pH 4.4) but independent of soil inorganic N concentration. Most strikingly, the stimulatory rhizodeposit was only produced by T. pratense grown in non‐sterile soil and was present in both exudates and root debris. Comparison of the effect of root debris from plant species (three each) from the classes monocotyledon, dicotyledon (non‐legume) and dicotyledon (legume) revealed that legumes had by far the greatest positive impact on 2,4‐D mineralization kinetics. We discuss the significance of these findings with respect to legume–rhizobia interactions in the rhizosphere.
Detection and quantification of the human‐specific HF183 Bacteroides 16S rRNA genetic marker with real‐time PCR for assessment of human faecal pollution in freshwater
Authors: Seurinck Sylvie , Defoirdt Tom , Verstraete Willy , Siciliano Steven D. 
Published: January 2005

SummaryThe human‐specific HF183 Bacteriodes 16S rRNA genetic marker can be used to detect human faecal pollution in water environments. However, there is currently no method to quantify the prevalence of this marker in environmental samples. We developed a real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay using SYBR Green I detection to quantify this marker in faecal and environmental samples. To decrease the amplicon length to a suitable size for real‐time PCR detection, a new reverse primer was designed and validated on human and animal faecal samples. The use of the newly developed reverse primer in combination with the human‐specific HF183 primer did not decrease the specificity of the real‐time PCR assay but a melting curve analysis must always be included. This new assay was more sensitive than conventional PCR and highly reproducible with a coefficient of variation of less than 1% within an assay and 3% between assays. As the Bacteroides species that carries this human‐specific marker has never been isolated, a bacteria real‐time assay was used to determine the detection efficiency. The estimated detection efficiency in freshwater ranged from 78% to 91% of the true value with an average detection efficiency of 83 ± 4% of the true value. Using a simple filtration method, the limit of quantification was 4.7 ± 0.3 × 105 human‐specific Bacteroides markers per litre of freshwater. The aerobic incubation of the human‐specific Bacteroides marker in freshwater for up to 24 days at 4 and 12°C, and up to 8 days at 28°C, indicated that the marker persisted up to the end of the incubation period for all incubation temperatures.
REP code: defining bacterial identity in extragenic space
Authors: Tobes Raquel , Ramos Juan‐Luis 
Published: January 2005

SummaryThrough the analysis of 57 bacterial genomes we have detected repetitive extragenic palindromic DNA sequences (REPs) in 11 species. For a sequence to be considered as REP, the following criteria should be met: (i) It should be extragenic, (ii) palindromic, (iii) of a length between 21 and 65 bases and (iv) should constitute more than 0.5% of the total extragenic space. Species‐specific REPs have been found in human pathogens such as Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica, Neisseria meningitidis, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Rickettsia conorii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the plant pathogen Agrobacterium tumefaciens and the soil bacteria Deinococcus radiodurans, Pseudomonas putida and Sinorhizobium meliloti.
Seasonal and substrate preferences of fungi colonizing leaves in streams: traditional versus molecular evidence
Authors: Nikolcheva Liliya G. , Bärlocher Felix 
Published: January 2005

SummaryAquatic hyphomycetes are the main fungal decomposers of plant litter in streams. We compared the importance of substrate (three leaf species, wood) and season on fungal colonization. Substrates were exposed for 12 4‐week periods. After recovery, mass loss, fungal biomass and release of conidia by aquatic hyphomycetes were measured. Fungal communities were characterized by counting and identifying released conidia and by extracting and amplifying fungal DNA (ITS2), which was subdivided into phylotypes by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and terminal‐restriction fragment length polymorphism (T‐RFLP). Mass loss, fungal biomass and reproduction were positively correlated with stream temperature. Conidial diversity was highest between May and September. Numbers of different phylotypes were more stable. Principal coordinate analyses (PCO) and canonical analyses of principal coordinates (CAP) of presence/absence data (DGGE bands, T‐RFLP peaks and conidial species) showed a clear seasonal trend (P≤ 0.002) but no substrate effect (P≥ 0.88). Season was also a significant factor when proportional similarities of conidial communities or relative intensities of DGGE bands were evaluated (P≤ 0.003). Substrate was a significant factor determining DGGE band intensities (P = 0.002), but did not significantly affect conidial communities (P = 0.50). Both traditional and molecular techniques suggest that strict exclusion of fungi by substrate type is rare, and that presence of different species or phylotypes is governed by season. Biomasses of the various taxa (based on DGGE band intensities) were related to substrate type.
Isolation and properties of a pure bacterial strain capable of fluorobenzene degradation as sole carbon and energy source
Authors: Carvalho M. F. , Ferreira Jorge R. , Pacheco C. C. , De Marco P. , Castro P. M. L. 
Published: January 2005

SummaryA pure bacterial strain capable of aerobic biodegradation of fluorobenzene (FB) as the sole carbon and energy source was isolated by selective enrichment from sediments collected from a polluted site. 16S rRNA and fatty acid analyses support that strain F11 belongs to a novel genus within the α‐2 subgroup of the Proteobacteria, possibly within a new clade related to the order Rhizobiales. In batch cultures, growth of strain F11 on FB led to stoichiometric release of fluoride ion. Maximum experimental growth rate of 0.04 h−1 was obtained at FB concentration of 0.4 mM. Growth kinetics were described by the Luong model. An inhibitory effect with increasing FB concentrations was observed, with no growth occurring at concentrations higher than 3.9 mM. Strain F11 was shown to be able to use a range of other organic compounds, including other fluorinated compounds such as 2‐fluorobenzoate, 4‐fluorobenzoate and 4‐fluorophenol. To our knowledge, this is the first time biodegradation of FB, as the sole carbon and energy source, by a pure bacterium has been reported.
Orbitotomy for retrobulbar malignant fibrous histiocytoma in a dog
Authors: Lassaline Mary E. , Gelatt Kirk N. , Brooks Dennis E. , Ellison Gary W. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractA retrobulbar malignant fibrous histiocytoma was diagnosed in a 12‐year‐old castrated male Keeshond dog. The mass was excised with a lateral orbitotomy and zygomatic arch resection. Vision was preserved in the affected eye, and no recurrence was noted up to 10 months postoperatively. Malignant fibrous histiocytoma originates from primitive mesenchymal stem cells. The malignant fibrous histiocytoma seen in our patient was most consistent with the storiform–pleomorphic variant, given the storiform arrangement of spindle cells, the presence of histiocytoid cells, and a mixed inflammatory infiltrate, without giant cells. The metastatic potential of malignant fibrous histiocytoma in general, and the storiform variant in particular, is unknown. Seventeen months later the dog was presented to the referring veterinarian with anorexia, diarrhea, weight loss and bilateral purulent nasal exudates. The dog was euthanized without necropsy.
Canine ocular onchocerciasis in the United States: two new cases and a review of the literature
Authors: Zarfoss Mitzi K. , Dubielzig Richard R. , Eberhard Mark L. , Schmidt Kristiane S. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractSince 1991, 53 cases of canine ocular onchocerciasis have been reported in the literature worldwide, 43 of these were from Greece, five from Hungary, and five from the western United States. Information on the histopathologic features of canine ocular onchocerciasis is limited. We describe the histopathologic features of canine ocular onchocerciasis in two dogs from California that presented clinically with firm episcleral nodules and uveitis unilaterally. Pertinent literature and pathogenesis are reviewed; recognizable clinical features and treatment are discussed. The cases presented were diagnosed via histopathology of the enucleated globes and episcleral granulomas at the Comparative Ocular Pathology Laboratory of Wisconsin (COPLOW). Positive identification of adultOnchocercawithin episcleral granulomas was made based on light‐microscopy features. Histopathologic examination of both globes revealed episcleral parasites surrounded by granulomas containing few to moderate numbers of eosinophils. Other sequelae, in both cases, included lymphoplasmacytic uveitis, preiridal fibrovascular membranes, peripheral anterior synechiae, retinal degeneration, and optic nerve head cupping. Both male and female worms were present, as werein uteromicrofilariae in both cases. Worms in both cases were tentatively identified asOnchocerca lienalis. Ocular onchocerciasis should be a differential consideration in cases of canine conjunctival nodules or periorbital swelling, particularly in dogs from the western United States.