bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Challenges Faced by Arts Graduates in the Current Job Market: A Sri Lankan Perspective
Authors: Mohamed Hasan Mohamed Majid  , Mohammed Ibrahim Inthisar Banu  
Published: February 2024

Unemployment is a major issue for arts graduates in various countries, including Sri Lanka. In 2023, the Labor Force Survey reported an overall unemployment rate of 4.7%, with over 50,000 unemployed graduates, mostly from Arts and social sciences backgrounds in Sri Lanka. Therefore, the Sri Lankan government should develop appropriate policies to reduce unemployment. Consequently, research is needed to identify the factors and challenges faced by arts graduates in unemployment for policymakers. Numerous studies worldwide have explored the factors and challenges of unemployment among this group. The main objective of this study is to identify the challenges faced by arts graduates in the current Job market in Sri Lanka and to identify the causes of unemployment and propose recommendations to them. Quantitative research method was used to achieve the objectives of the study, the primary data were collected through a structured questionnaire administered to 120 Arts undergraduates from the South Eastern, Eastern, Peradeniya, and Jaffna Universities. Simultaneously, secondary data were gathered from books, research articles, University Grant Commission report, National Audit Office report, Sri Lanka Labor Force Survey report, and websites. The collected data was analyzed using Microsoft Excel. The study found that major challenges for Arts graduates include abundant job opportunities in the private sector. However, issues such as the necessary knowledge and skills often lead to prolonged unemployment. Many Arts graduates anticipate government jobs due to the perceived job security and pension benefits in the public sector. Simultaneously, Arts stream graduates who have completed professional courses and internship training are more likely to secure their first jobs immediately after graduation compared to those who haven't undergone such training. Nevertheless, a significant challenge is the limited employment opportunities for Arts graduates, both in the private and public sectors. The study indicates the necessity for substantial structural reforms on both the supply and demand sides to enhance the employability and employment rates of graduates. The government must take a leading role in these reforms to generate more job opportunities for arts graduates, while higher education institutes should initiate significant changes in study programs to cultivate intellectually rich and highly skilled graduates in arts and social sciences.
Clinicopathologic and Molecular Characteristics of Resected Thoracic Mass Lesions in the Pediatric Population: A 25-Year Institutional Experience From a Tertiary Care Center
Authors: Villalba Julian A. , Terra Simone BSP , Pitel Beth , Knight Shannon M. , Kipp Benjamin R. , Boland Jennifer M. 
Published: February 2024

Context.—
Primary thoracic neoplasms are rare in children, whereas nonneoplastic mass lesions or cysts and metastases are more common, and there is a relative paucity of comprehensive histopathologic and molecular data.

Objective.—
To define the clinicopathologic spectrum of neoplastic and nonneoplastic diseases observed in resected mass lesions in the chest of pediatric patients, and to identify somatic alterations observed in primary neoplasms.

Design.—
Clinicopathologic features of thoracic mass lesions (n = 385) resected from 373 patients aged ≤21 years in a 25-year period (1993–2018) were included. Primary neoplasms having sufficient material were tested by a laboratory-developed comprehensive genomic profiling assay that assesses tumor mutational burden, microsatellite instability, somatic sequence variants, gene amplifications, fusions, and specific transcript variants.

Results.—
The most commonly resected space-occupying lesions were nonneoplastic mass lesions and cysts or malformations, resected in 117 (31.4%) and 58 of 373 patients (15.5%) respectively. Metastatic neoplasms were observed in 169 of 373 patients (45.3%; mean age 14.4 years, range 1–21 years); the most common was osteosarcoma (68 of 169; 40.2% of metastases). Primary lung neoplasms occurred in 24 of 373 patients (6.4%; mean age 14.5 years, range 6 months–21 years), and 16 patients had primary extrapulmonary thoracic tumors. Carcinoid tumor was the most common primary lung neoplasm (7 typical, 3 atypical). Molecular testing showed a prevalence of somatic pathogenic or likely pathogenic mutations and copy-number alterations. No fusions or splice variants were identified. Tumors were microsatellite-stable with low tumor mutational burden.

Conclusions.—
Resected pediatric thoracic mass lesions are more likely to be metastatic lesions, congenital cysts or malformations, or nonneoplastic lesions compared to primary thoracic neoplasms, which are encountered at a low frequency and tend to have relatively simple genetic profiles.
Geografia da fome e (in)segurança alimentar no Brasil: reflexão a partir de Josué de Castro e o inquérito VIGISAN
Authors: Vargas Rosane Marizeti  Brum , Faria Rivaldo Mauro de , Spode Pedro Leonardo Cezar , Moraes Liliane Milani de 
Published: February 2024

Este estudo apresenta uma reflexão sobre a fome no Brasil no período recente. Objetiva-se estabelecer uma reflexão sobre o processo da fome no Brasil, a partir da obra “A Geografia da Fome” de Josué de Castro, publicada em 1946 e do Inquérito Nacional sobre Insegurança Alimentar no Contexto da Pandemia da Covid-19 no Brasil, (VIGISAN) da rede PENSSAN, que traça um panorama da problemática da fome no Brasil no contexto da pandemia da COVID-19. A metodologia utilizada é baseada na revisão narrativa de literatura e no levantamento dos dados dos inquéritos VIGISAN, produzidos pela REDE PENSSAN nos anos de 2021 e 2022. Pode-se concluir que a fome, enquanto dimensão extrema da pobreza, é um problema histórico, estreitamente relacionado com o processo de formação do território brasileiro. Desse modo, a obra de Josué de Castro exprime, ainda na década de 1940, as desigualdades socioespaciais brasileiras a partir da análise da fome, problema social insistentemente ainda presente no Brasil, como atestam os recentes inquéritos VIGISAN.
تحليل موادي كتاب المدرسي في كتاب العرطي تأليف شيخ الشريف الدين يحي العمرطي رحمه الله
Authors: Amania Januari 
Published: February 2024

Textbooks are all forms of materials used to assist teachers when carrying out classroom activities. Not all schools have the opportunity to get enough textbooks, both in quality and in quantity. The acquisition of textbooks in schools is still limited to the allocation of funds.As for the research questions in this research 1. What is the Book of Arti 2. How to present the material in the book Al-Murrasi Al-Arti written by Sheikh Sharif Al-Din Yahya Al-Amrati - may God have mercy on him 3.What are the advantages and disadvantages in the book Al-Murrasi Al-Arti written by Sheikh Sharaf Al-Din Yahya Al-Amrti. Research Objectives 1. To know the planets Arti - may God have mercy on him 2. To know the presentation of the material in the book of the arti school according to Sheikh Sharif al-Din Yahya al-Amrti - may God have mercy on him 3. To know the advantages and disadvantages in the book of the arti school written by Sheikh Sharaf al-Din Yahya al-Amrti - may God have mercy on him. The type of research used in this research is a type of library research (library research). It is the data that will be retrieved based on documents that are in the form of notebooks, journals, scientific and so on. This research is both descriptive analysis, and then described as what it is, according to the results of the research.
Peran pemerintah meningkatkan perdagangan internasional khususnya ekspor
Authors: Putra Andi Krisnajati , Rafi Abdur , Darmawan Rafly Putra , Wikansari Rinandita 
Published: February 2024

Perdagangan internasional merupakan pilar utama ekonomi global karena itu di perlukan peran pemerintah untuk meningkatkan kualitas dan kuantitas perdagangan internasional khususnya ekspor, dengan cara menerapkan kebijakan pembebasan bea masuk dan memberikan insentif untuk UMKM pemerintah juga harus bisa memanfaatkan potensial perluasan pasar dan meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat. Namun, pengawasan ketat terhadap impor juga diperlukan untuk melindungi industri dalam negeri dari dampak negatif perdagangan internasional. Pemerintah perlu menggunakan berbagai instrumen, seperti tarif dan kuota impor, untuk menyeimbangkkan antara melindungi industri lokal dan memenuhi kebutuhan dalam negeri.perjanjian perdagangan bebas juga menjadi instrumen penting untuk membuka akses pasar yang lebih luas. penelitian ini menyoroti peran kunci pemerintah dalam mengelola dinamika perdagangan internasional demi pertumbuhan ekonomi yang berkelanjutan dan kesejahteraan masyarakat.
Enhancing Teacher Competence through the Tuntas Method at SMAN 1 Parakan
Authors: Aisjah Aisjah , Ridwan Muhammad 
Published: February 2024

The objectives of the studies were designed to determine the increase of teacher competencies in implementing differentiated learning by Tuntas Method (peer teaching method in learning community). The studies were school action research of SMAN 1 Parakan in 2022 with the subjects were all the teachers and carried out by establishing of learning communities and Tuntas method assistance. The results showed that Tuntas method was effectively used to increase teacher’s competencies in the implementation of differentiated learning. The action of strategies was used in the Tuntas method based on adult learning principles, such as independent, collegial, and collaborative.
The Effect of Kahoot! On Junior Secondary School Students’ Vocabulary Mastery: An Experimental Study
Authors: Ratih Ratih , Rohimajaya Nur Azmi , Munawaroh Tatu 
Published: February 2024

The aimed of this research to investigate the significant effect of Kahoot application towards students vocabulary mastery at the eighth grade of MTs Al-Mu’min Cikeusik, Pandeglang academic year 2023/2024. This research was quantitative approach with quasi-experimental design. The research paper used the quantitative approach and quasi-experimental design. This research was conducted from July-august, The technique in choosing the sample is cluster random sampling; and the researcher has chosen two classes are a control class and an experimental class This research consisted of two variables namely Kahoot application media as independent variable and students vocabulary mastery as dependent variable, using pre-test and post-test control group design. The population of this research was eighth grade of MTs Al-Mu’min Cikeusik consisted of 42 students divided into two class. the sample of this research were VIII A (22 students) as experimental class and VIII B (20 students) as control class. In the Collecting data technique, the researcher gives pre-test and post-test. The score pre-test of control group are 1,210, the score pre-test of experimental class are 1,475. Then, the score post-test of control group are 1,405, the score post-test of experimental group are 1,850. To collect the data, the researcher used SPSS version 29. to know whether was any significant effect students’ vocabulary mastery, between the students who are taught by using Kahoot application as media and who are not. Therefore, From the explanation above, it can be concluded that Kahoot application an effective media for English teaching-learning. The result of this research showed that the students who were taught by using Kahoot! game got better score than the students who were taught by using traditional method. The researcher has found the result of Significant two-tailed = 0.001 < α 0.05.
PERAN GURU PAK DALAM MENANAMKAN NILAI-NILAI MODERASI BERAGAMA PADA PESERTA DIDIK
Authors: Saedo Marbun  
Published: February 2024

Bangsa Indonesia adalah bangsa yang memiliki masyarakat yang beragam budaya, agama, etnis, ras, bahasa, suku, tradisi dan sebagainya. Realitas kehidupan masyarakat yang demikian, mudah terjadi kesalahpahaman yang mengatasnamakan agama, etnis, tradisi, sehingga berdampak pada keharmonisan hidup. Mengantisipasi munculnya kesalahpahaman tersebut maka menanamkan nilai-nilai moderasi beragama oleh Guru Pendidikan Agama Kristen pada peserta didik sangat dibutuhkan. Melihat adanya peningkatan praktik intoleran, dan radikalisme didalam lembaga-lembaga pendidikan mempertegas bahwa penanaman nilai moderasi beragama mutlak diperlukan.
Guru Pendidikan Agama Kristen harus mengambil langkah-langkah antisipasi terhadap perkembangan radikalisme dikalangan peserta didik dengan memberikan pengajaran yang benar kepada peserta didik Kristen, yang bersumber dari Alkitab, bagaimana Tuhan Yesus mengajarkan kepada pengikut-Nya untuk mengasihi Allah dan juga mengasihi sesama manusia seperti diri-sendiri. Guru Pendidikan Agama Kristen juga harus memberikan teladan bagaimana nilai-nilai moderasi beragama dipraktikkan di dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Dan mendorong peserta didik untuk mengobarkan semangat toleransi beragama. Sehingga tercipta keharmonisan dan kedamaian di dalam masyarakat yang majemuk.
Punishment of the accused from a shariah’ perspective
Authors: ABDUL RAHMAN ABDUL SATTAR 
Published: February 2024

The objective of this research is to facilitate to determine in light of literature of Shariah if standards of investigation are upheld, if any standards established in Maldives for investigation conform to Shariah, and because some accused are regular offenders it may be difficult to investigate a case without a punishment, to determine what type of punishment should be given to the accused to prove the case being investigated. The methodology used is an inductive, analytical and critical review of literature. A human being is presumed innocent and cannot be punished unless evidence of a crime exists against them, in a situation where the right of a person cannot be protected otherwise because the accused would not plead guilty despite the existence of evidence of their crime. Physical punishment must be restricted to the minimum and may be differentiated between muslims and non-muslims.

ތަޙުޤީޤުކުރާ މައްސަލައިގެ ޙައްޤު ދެނެގަތުމަށްޓަކައި ތުހުމަތުކުރެވިފައިވާ މީހާއަށް އަދަބުދިނުން ޝަރުއީ ނަޡަރަކުން
ޚުލާޞާ: މިދިރާސާގެ މަޤުޞަދަކީ މައްސަލަތައް ތަޙްޤީޤުކުރާއިރު ޝަރީޢަތުގެ ނައްޞުތަކުގެ އަލީގައި ތަޙުޤީޤުކުރެވޭ މިންގަޑު ހިފެހެއްޓިފައިވޭތޯ ބެލުމަށް މަގުފަހިކޮށްދިނުމާއި ތަހްޤީޤުކުރުމަށް ދިވެހިރާއްޖޭގައި މިކަމަށް އުޞޫލުތަކެއް ހެދިފައިވާނަމަ އެއުޞޫލުތައް ޝަރީޢަތުގެ މިންގަޑަށް ފެތޭތޯ ބެލުމަށް މަގުފަހިކޮށްދިނުމާއި ބައެއް މުއްތަހަމުންނަކީ އާދަކޮށް ޖުރުމްކުރާބަޔަކަށްވުމުން އަދަބެއްނުދީ މައްސަލަ ތަޙްޤީޤުކުރަން ދަތިވާތީވެ ތަޙުޤީޤުކުރެވޭ މައްސަލަ ޘާބިތުކުރުމަށްޓަކައި މުއްތަހަމުއަށް ދެވޭނީ ކޮންވައްތަރެއްގެ އަދަބެއްކަން ނައްޞުތަކުގެއަލީގައި ބަޔާންކުރުމެވެ. އެއީ ޝަރީޢަތުގެ ނައްޞުތަކާ ޚިލާފުވުމުން ރައްކާތެރިވުމަށްޓަކައެވެ. އަލްއިސްތިޤުރާއީއާއި އައްތަޙުލީލީ އަދި އައްނަޤުދީއެވެ. (އެބަހީ މިމައްސަލާގައި އިސްލާމީ ޝަރީޢަތުގައި އައިސްފައިވާ ނައްޞުތަކާއި ޢިލްމުވެރިންގެ ބަސްފުޅުތައް ދިރާސާކޮށް އެބަސްފުޅުތަކަށް ކުރިޓިސައިޒްކޮށް އެއިގެތެރެއިން އެންމެ ރަނގަޅު ބައި ފާހަގަކުރުމެވެ. އެއީ މިމައްސަލާގައި އައިސްފައިހުރި ނައްޞުތަކަށް ބަލާއިރު ދެގޮތައް ނައްޞުތައް ވާރިދުވެފައިވާއިރު ޢިލްމުވެރިންގެ ބަސްފުޅުތައްވެސް ބައެއް ނައްޞުތަކާ ފުށުއަރާހެން ހީވާފަދަ ގޮތަކަށް އައިސްފައިވާތީއެވެ). އަޞްލަކީ ކޮންމެ އިންސާނަކީވެސް ހުރިހާކަމަކުން ބަރީޢުވެގެންވާ މީހަކު ކަމަށްވީ ހިނދު އެއަޞްލާޚިލާފަށް ދަލީލެއް ލިބިފައިނުވާއިރު އަޞްލަކީ އެއްވެސް އަދަބެއް ނުދެވޭނެކަމެވެ. މިގޮތައް އަދަބުދެވެނީ ބައެއްގެ ޙައްޤުތައް ރައްކާތެރިކުރެވޭނެ އެހެން ދެވަނަގޮތެއް ނެތީމައެވެ. އެއީ މިއަދަބު މިދެވެނީ ޘާބިތުވެފައިނުވާ ކަމެއްކަމުގައި ވިޔަސް އެޖުރުމް ކުރިކަމުގެ ޤަރީނާތަކެއް ހުރުމުގެސަބަބުން މުއްތަހަމު އެކަމަށް އިޢުތިރާފު ނުވުމުގެ ސަބަބުން ބައެއްގެ ޙައްޤުތަކެއް ގެއްލޭތީވެ ޙައްޤުތައް ރައްކާތެރި ކުރުމަށެވެ. މައްސަލަތަޙުޤީޤު ކުރާއިރު މުއްތަހަމުއަކީ މުސްލިމެއްކަމުގައިވާނަމަ ޖިސްމާނީ އަދަބުދިނުން ހުއްދައެއް ނުވާނެއެވެ.
MONSANTO v. GOVERNMENT OF CANADA? NAFTA AND THE RBST CONTROVERSY: A CANADIAN PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Gibson Kevin 
Published: February 2024

Le Chapitre 11 de l’Accord de Libre-échange Nord Américain est probablement devenu avec le temps l’une des portions de l’entente de libre-échange ayant suscité le plus de réactions et entraîné le plus de polémiques, tant au plan juridique que social. A cet égard, le présent article tentera d’examiner la controverse entourant le récent refus de Santé Canada d’autoriser en territoire canadien la vente et la commercialisation du rBST, produit fabriqué par la compagnie Monsanto et autrement connu sous le nom de « Nutrilac ». Décision d’ailleurs contestée par la corporation américaine en vertu des dispositions de l’ALÉNA. Or, le choix par Monsanto et le Canada du mécanisme prévu au chapitre 11 s’explique non seulement parce qu’il est le plus naturel dans un contexte nord-américain de règlement des différends commerciaux, mais aussi, à la lumière d’un examen d’ensemble de l’ALÉNA, parce qu’il est susceptible de fournir assez de souplesse aux parties pour arriver à une entente pouvant satisfaire à la fois la partie privée et publique. Cela dit, pour bien mesurer la portée du chapitre 11 de l’ALÉNA et son impact sur le gouvernement fédéral, il est utile de comparer ici l’affaire impliquant Monsanto avec la récente Affaire du boeuf aux hormones en Europe et dont le différend fut porté cette fois devant l’organe de règlement des différends de l’OMC.
COMMON LAW, « CIVIL LAW » ET DROIT PÉNAL INTERNATIONAL : TANGO (LE DERNIER ?) À LA HAYE
Authors: Schabas William A. 
Published: February 2024

Les systèmes de common law, puis de droit continental ou romano-germanique, offrent à la procédure criminelle deux approches très différentes. Ces systèmes se rencontrent dans le nouveau domaine, en constante évolution, du droit pénal international où les juristes des deux systèmes s’efforcent de créer un nouveau modèle. Dans ce contexte, on doit faire face aux contributions, et aux incompréhensions, qui proviennent d’un tel processus.
Le développement d’un système international prend aussi place dans un contexte de respect international des garanties judiciaires prévues dans les instruments de protection des droits de la personne. Enfin, les exigences spécifiques de la justice internationale influence le modèle procédural. Ces trois thèmes sont abordés à la lumière de la pratique des deux tribunaux ad hoc, pour l’ex-Yougoslavie et le Rwanda, puis de la Cour pénale internationale et du Statut de Rome.
LA PROTECTION INTERNATIONALE DES RÉFUGIÉS ET LE PARTAGE DU FARDEAU : LEÇONS DE LA CRISE DU KOSOVO
Authors: Barutciski Michael , Suhrke Astri 
Published: February 2024

Le principal défi politique de la crise des réfugiés du Kosovo était de convaincre la Macédoine d’admettre un flux massif de réfugiés qui représentait une menace à sa stabilité. La solution éventuelle reposait sur un mécanisme de « partage du fardeau » impliquant le transfert de réfugiés vers des pays tiers. Nombreux militants des droits de l’homme ont soutenu que le gouvernement macédonien devait permettre l’entrée des réfugiés de façon inconditionnelle. Ils affirmaient que toute conditionnalité compromettrait le principe du premier asile et encouragerait les politiques restrictives envers les réfugiés. D’autres observateurs considéraient que le refus macédonien représentait un fait politique qu’il fallait reconnaître afin d’arriver à une solution pour éviter une catastrophe humanitaire à la frontière. Ces deux approches se sont affrontées pendant que les États et les organisations internationales essayaient de résoudre la crise des réfugiés bloqués sur la frontière du Kosovo. Cet article propose une troisième approche qui tente de concilier les camps opposés. Il présente des arguments juridiques qui suggèrent que le premier asile ne représente pas une obligation inconditionnelle imposée sur tous les États dans toutes les situations. Il avance également des arguments moraux et politiques pour encourager les États à partager le fardeau des réfugiés envers lesquels ils ont une obligation spéciale. La reconnaissance de tels cas exceptionnels contribuerait à renforcer l’efficacité du système international de protection des réfugiés. La crise du Kosovo suggère qu’un tel cas exceptionnel, pour lequel le partage du fardeau peut s’avérer nécessaire, se présente quand un État vulnérable est confronté à un flux massif qui risque d’étendre le conflit sur son territoire et de mener à une déstabilisation grave du pays.
LES LIMITES À LA COMPÉTENCE INTERNATIONALE DES TRIBUNAUX QUÉBÉCOIS
Authors: Saumier Geneviève 
Published: February 2024

Il existe trois moyens pour un défendeur de s’opposer à la compétence internationale des tribunaux québécois. Le défendeur peut prétendre que les faits ne répondent pas aux critères juridictionnels du Droit international privé tels qu’énoncés dans le Livre X du Code civil. Il peut aussi démontrer que bien que le tribunal québécois soit prima facie compétent en vertu du Code civil, il n’existe pas de lien réel et substantiel entre le tribunal et le litige. Finalement, le défendeur peut invoquer le forum non conveniens par l’intermédiaire de l’article 3135 C.c.Q., c’est-à-dire demander au tribunal de décliner l’exercice de sa compétence.
Ces trois moyens doivent être exercés à l’intérieur d’un délai variant selon que la procédure soit ordinaire ou allégée. Dans la voie ordinaire, la règle générale est que la requête en exception déclinatoire soit signifiée, selon les articles 161 et 163 C.p.c. dans les cinq jours de la date prévue pour comparaître, depuis l’arrêt Alimport c. Victoria Transport Ltd. L’incompétence du tribunal québécois relevant d’une clause d’arbitrage ou d’une clause d’élection de for sont cependant des exceptions à cette règle. En procédure allégée, l’article 481.7 C.p.c. prévoit que le défendeur doit proposer ses moyens déclinatoires « dans les dix jours suivant le délai de comparution ». L’arrêt Corporation Internationale Brother c. S.T.D. Systems Inc. indique cependant qu’il ne s’agit pas d’un délai de rigueur, le tribunal pouvant proroger ce délai.
Les différences des régimes de délai applicable selon que l’on se trouve dans une procédure ordinaire ou allégée n’est qu’un des motifs justifiant une révision en profondeur de la procédure à suivre pour s’opposer à la compétence internationale des tribunaux québécois.
SÉCURITÉ ENVIRONNEMENTALE ET INSÉCURITÉSINTERNATIONALES
Authors: Le Prestre Philippe 
Published: February 2024

Cet essai explore les liens entre la dégradation de l’environnement et l’insécurité internationale. Les travaux sur cette notion font référence à quatre approches distinctes selon que l’objet d’étude soit l’environnement, l’individu, l’État ou le système international. Dans ce dernier cas, on peut identifier quatre séries d’hypothèses reliant la dégradation de l’environnement et les insécurités internationales : i) certaines activités d’un État à l’égard d’une ressource essentielle peuvent être jugées menaçantes par un autre État; ii) des instabilités internes engendrées par la dégradation de l’environnement peuvent déborder au delà des frontières; iii) la protection de l’environnement peut servir de prétexte à la poursuite d’objectifs de puissance traditionnels; et iv) l’état de l’environnement peut être évoqué afin de gagner un soutien international à des objectifs politiques internes traditionnels.
En conclusion, l’apport analytique de la notion de sécurité environnementale est jugé plutôt faible. Toutefois, ses dimensions instrumentales et psychosociologiques méritent plus d’attention. Si l’environnement peut devenir source de conflits, c’est dans la mesure où les changements environnementaux favorisent l’émergence d’un sentiment d’insécurité qui peut être utilisé comme instrument de politique intérieure ou extérieure.