bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fits and starts: A mother–infant case‐study involving intergenerational violent trauma and pseudoseizures across three generations
Authors: Schechter Daniel S. , Kaminer Tammy , Grienenberger John F. , Amat Jose 
Published: September 2003

AbstractThis case‐study presents in detail the clinical assessment of a 29‐year‐old mother and her daughter who first presented to infant mental health specialists at age 16 months, with a hospital record suggesting the presence of a dyadic disturbance since age eight months. Data from psychiatric and neurological assessments, as well as observational measures of child and mother, are reviewed with attention to issues of disturbed attachment, intergenerational trauma, and cultural factors for this innercity Latino dyad. Severe maternal affect dysregulation in the wake of chronic, early‐onset violent‐trauma exposure manifested as psychogenic seizures, referred to in the mother's native Spanish as “ataques de nervios,” the latter, an idiom of distress, commonly associated with childhood trauma and dissociation. We explore the mechanisms by which the mothers' reexperiencing of violent traumatic experience, together with physiologic hyperarousal and associated negative affects, are communicated to the very young child and the clinician‐observer via action and language from moment to moment during the assessment process. The article concludes with a discussion of diagnostic and treatment implications by Drs. Marshall, Gaensbauer, and Zeanah. ©2003 Michigan Association for Infant Mental Health.
Mother–infant behavioral interactions in teenage and adult mothers during the first six months postpartum: Relations with infant development
Authors: Pomerleau Andrée , Scuccimarri Connie , Malcuit Gérard 
Published: September 2003

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to compare adolescent mothers' (high‐risk group), at‐risk adult mothers' (moderate‐risk group), and no‐risk adult mothers' (low‐risk group) behavioral interactions at one and six months postpartum, and to examine the relationships between maternal behaviors and infant developmental scores on the Bayley scales. Results indicated that high‐risk teenage mothers and moderate‐risk adult mothers vocalized less and had lower contingency rating scores compared to low‐risk adult mothers. Also, infants in the high‐risk and moderate‐risk groups obtained lower mental scores at six months compared to the low‐risk group. Moderate stability across time was found for maternal vocalizations and infant scores on the mental scale. Maternal vocalizations and behavioral contingency rating scores at one month were associated with infants' six‐month performance on the Bayley scales. Specific intervention strategies were discussed with the aim of targeting and improving early maternal behavioral patterns in at‐risk groups. ©2003 Michigan Association for Infant Mental Health.
Packing paths in digraphs
Authors: Brewster Richard C. , Hell Pavol , Pantel Sarah H. , Rizzi Romeo , Yeo Anders 
Published: September 2003

AbstractLet ${\cal G}$ be a fixed set of digraphs. Given a digraph H, a ${\cal G}$‐packing in H is a collection ${\cal P}$ of vertex disjoint subgraphs of H, each isomorphic to a member of ${\cal G}$. A ${\cal G}$‐packing ${\cal P}$ is maximum if the number of vertices belonging to members of ${\cal P}$ is maximum, over all ${\cal G}$‐packings. The analogous problem for undirected graphs has been extensively studied in the literature. The purpose of this paper is to initiate the study of digraph packing problems. We focus on the case when ${\cal G}$ is a family of directed paths. We show that unless ${\cal G}$ is (essentially) either $\{ \vec {P}_1 \}$, or $\{ \vec {P}_1, \vec {P}_2 \}$, the G‐packing problem is NP‐complete. When ${\cal G} = \{ \vec {P}_1 \}$, the ${\cal G}$‐packing problem is simply the matching problem. We treat in detail the one remaining case, ${\cal G} = \{ \vec {P}_1, \vec {P}_2 \}$. We give in this case a polynomial algorithm for the packing problem. We also give the following positive results: a Berge type augmenting configuration theorem, a min‐max characterization, and a reduction to bipartite matching. These results apply also to packings by the family ${\cal G}$ consisting of all directed paths and cycles. We also explore weighted variants of the problem and include a polyhedral analysis. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 44: 81–94, 2003
Circular chromatic number of subgraphs
Authors: Hajiabolhassan Hossein , Zhu Xuding 
Published: September 2003

AbstractThis paper proves that every (n + )‐chromatic graph contains a subgraph H with $\chi _c (H) = n$. This provides an easy method for constructing sparse graphs G with $\chi_c (G) = \chi ( G) = n$. It is also proved that for any ε > 0, for any fraction k/d > 2, there exists an integer g such that if G has girth at least g and $\chi _c (G) = k/d$ then for every vertex v of G, $\chi _c (G-{v})> k/d - \varepsilon $. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 44: 95–105, 2003
Circular chromatic number and Mycielski construction
Authors: Hajiabolhassan Hossein , Zhu Xuding 
Published: September 2003

AbstractThis paper gives a sufficient condition for a graph G to have its circular chromatic number equal to its chromatic number. By using this result, we prove that for any integer t ≥ 1, there exists an integer n such that for all $k \ge n, \chi _c (M^t(K_k))\,= \chi(M^t(K_k))$. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 44: 106–115, 2003
Minimally (k, k)‐edge‐connected graphs
Authors: Hennayake Kamal , Lai Hong‐Jian , Li Deying , Mao Jingzhong 
Published: September 2003

AbstractFor an integer l > 1, the l‐edge‐connectivity of a connected graph with at least l vertices is the smallest number of edges whose removal results in a graph with l components. A connected graph G is (k, l)‐edge‐connected if the l‐edge‐connectivity of G is at least k. In this paper, we present a structural characterization of minimally (k, k)‐edge‐connected graphs. As a result, former characterizations of minimally (2, 2)‐edge‐connected graphs in [J of Graph Theory 3 (1979), 15–22] are extended. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 44: 116–131, 2003
Graphs embedded in the plane with a bounded number of accumulation points
Authors: Bonnington C. Paul , Richter R. Bruce 
Published: September 2003

AbstractHalin's Theorem characterizes those infinite connected graphs that have an embedding in the plane with no accumulation points, by exhibiting the list of excluded subgraphs. We generalize this by obtaining a similar characterization of which infinite connected graphs have an embedding in the plane (and other surfaces) with at most k accumulation points. Thomassen [7] provided a different characterization of those infinite connected graphs that have an embedding in the plane with no accumulation points as those for which the ℤ2‐vector space generated by the cycles has a basis for which every edge is in at most two members. Adopting the definition that the cycle space is the set of all edge‐sets of subgraphs in which every vertex has even degree (and allowing restricted infinite sums), we prove a general analogue of Thomassens's result, obtaining a cycle space characterization of a graph having an embedding in the sphere with k accumulation points. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 44: 132–147, 2003
Upper total domination in claw‐free graphs
Authors: Favaron Odile , Henning Michael A. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractA set S of vertices in a graph G is a total dominating set of G if every vertex of G is adjacent to some vertex in S (other than itself). The maximum cardinality of a minimal total dominating set of G is the upper total domination number of G, denoted by Γt(G). We establish bounds on Γt(G) for claw‐free graphs G in terms of the number n of vertices and the minimum degree δ of G. We show that $\Gamma _t(G) \le 2(n+1)/3$ if $\delta \in \{ 1,2\}, \Gamma _t(G) \le 4n/(\delta + 3)$ if $\delta \in \{ 3,4\}$, and $\Gamma _t(G) \le n/2$ if δ ≥ 5. The extremal graphs are characterized. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 44: 148–158, 2003
Adsorption and translocation of sulfur in some tropical acid soils
Authors: Biswas Hrittick , Rattan R.K. , Datta S.P. , Singh A.K. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractIn view of growing concern about sulfur (S) deficiency, we attempted to study the effect of soil characteristics on the adsorption and translocation of S in soils. Laboratory experiments were conducted with five surface soils collected from three regions in the state of Orissa (Eastern India). In an adsorption study, all the soils were equilibrated with graded doses of potassium sulfate (K2SO4). Freundlich adsorption isotherms provided good fit to S adsorption data. Free Fe2O3 and Al2O3 in the soils were primarily responsible for retaining added S in soils. Further, studies on the movement of sulfate‐S in 30‐cm plexiglass columns, where radio‐labeled S along with water (5 cm) was applied as gypsum and K2SO4, showed that K2SO4‐S migrated deeper than gypsum‐S. Sulfur moved deeper in case of initially water‐saturated soils than in initially air‐dry soils.
Effect of the nitrification inhibitor nitrapyrin on the fate of nitrogen applied to a soil incubated under laboratory conditions
Authors: Kaleem Abbasi M. , Shah Zahir , Adams W.A. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractThe aim of this study was to examine the effect of the nitrification inhibitor nitrapyrin on the fate and recovery of fertilizer nitrogen (N) and on N mineralization from soil organic sources. Intact soil cores were collected from a grassland field. Diammonium phosphate (DAP) and urea were applied as N sources. Cores were equilibrated at –5 kPa matric potential and incubated at 20 °C for 42 to 56 days. Changes in NH4+‐N, accumulation of NO3–‐N, apparent recovery of applied N, and emission of N2O (acetylene was used to block N2O reductase) were examined during the study. A significant increase in NH4+‐N released through mineralization was recorded when nitrapyrin was added to the control soil without N fertilizer application. In the soils to which N was added either as urea or DAP, 50–90 % of the applied N disappeared from the NH4+‐N pool. Some of this N (8–16 %) accumulated as NO3–‐N, while a small proportion of N (1 %) escaped as N2O. Addition of nitrapyrin resulted in a decrease and delay of NH4+‐N disappearance, accumulation of much lower soil NO3–‐N contents, a substantial reduction in N2O emissions, and a 30–40 % increase in the apparent recovery of added N. The study indicates that N recovery can be increased by using the nitrification inhibitor nitrapyrin in grassland soils at moisture condition close to field capacity.
Importance of iron use‐efficiency of nodules in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) for iron deficiency chlorosis resistance
Authors: Krouma Abdelmajid , Abdelly Chedly 
Published: September 2003

AbstractSeveral studies suggest that the Fabaceae‐Rhizobium symbiosis is particularly sensitive to iron (Fe) deficiency with respect to NO3–‐dependent plants. The aim of this study, which is part of a screening program for common bean tolerance to Fe deficiency, was to study genotypical differences in Fe requirement and Fe use‐efficiency of common bean cultivars depending on symbiotic nitrogen fixation (SNF). Results show that ARA14 produces more whole plant dry matter and particularly more nodule biomass than Coco blanc. ARA14 is characterized by a high capacity of nitrogen fixation and a better Fe use‐efficiency for the growth and the function of the nodules.
Boron toxicity in kiwifruit plants (Actinidia deliciosa), treated with nitrate, ammonium, and a mixture of both
Authors: Sotiropoulos Thomas E. , Therios Ioannis N. , Dimassi Kortessa N. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractThe objective of this research was to study the effects of nitrogen (N) forms (NO3–, 2.6 mM; NH4+, 2.6 mM; NO3–, 1 mM + NH4+, 1.6 mM) on the growth and mineral composition of kiwifruit plants exposed to three boron (B) levels (0.025, 0.1, 0.3 mM). The kiwifruit plants were grown in a 1:1 sand : perlite mixture and irrigated daily with nutrient solutions. Shoot height, mean shoot dry weight, the number of leaves, mean leaf dry weight, and N concentration of NH4‐treated plants were significantly higher compared to the NO3– treatment at all B levels. The concentration of 0.3 mM B significantly reduced shoot height for all N treatments. Boron toxicity symptoms appeared 14 days after starting the experiment, when plants were treated with 0.1 and/or 0.3 mM B. The nitrate supply reduced the B concentration of roots, but B levels of different leaf parts were hardly affected by the N form. Furthermore, the NH4‐N form significantly reduced the Mg concentration of the leaves.
Seasonal soil nitrogen dynamics in rice‐wheat cropping systems of Nepal
Authors: Pande K.R. , Becker M. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractThe rice‐wheat annual double cropping system occupies some 0.5 million ha in the Himalayan foothills of Nepal. Alternating soil drying and wetting cycles characterize the 6–10 weeks long dry‐to‐wet season transition period (DWT) after wheat harvesting and before wetland rice transplanting. Mineral fertilizer use in the predominant smallholder agriculture is low and crops rely largely on native soil N for their nutrition. Changes in soil aeration status during DWT are likely to stimulate soil N losses. The effect of management options that avoid the nitrate build‐up in soils during DWT by N immobilization in plant or microbial biomass was studied under controlled conditions in a greenhouse (2001/2002) and validated under field conditions in Nepal in 2002. In potted soil in the greenhouse, the gradual increase in soil moisture resulted in a nitrate N peak of 20 mg (kg soil)–1 that rapidly declined as soil moisture levels exceeded 40 % water‐filled pore space (equiv. 75 % field capacity). Similarly, the maximum soil nitrate build‐up of 40 kg N ha–1 under field conditions was followed by its near complete disappearance with soil moisture levels exceeding 46 % water‐filled pore space at the onset of the monsoon rains. Incorporation of wheat straw and/or N uptake by green manure crops reduced nitrate accumulation in the soil to < 5 mg N kg–1 in pots and < 30 kg N ha–1 in the field (temporary N immobilization), thus reducing the risk for N losses to occur. This “saved” N benefited the subsequent crop of lowland rice with increases in N accumulation from 130 mg pot–1 (bare soil) to 185 mg pot–1 (green manure plus wheat straw) and corresponding grain yield increases from 1.7 Mg ha–1 to 3.6 Mg ha–1 in the field. While benefits from improved soil N management on lowland rice are obvious, possible carry‐over effects on wheat and the feasibility of proposed options at the farm level require further studies.
Presubmergence and green manure affect the transformations of nitrogen‐15‐labeled urea under lowland soil conditions
Authors: Thind H.S. , Rowell D.L. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractThe effect of presubmergence and green manuring on various processes involved in [15N]‐urea transformations were studied in a growth chamber after [15N]‐urea application to floodwater. Presubmergence for 14 days increased urea hydrolysis rates and floodwater pH, resulting in higher NH3 volatilization as compared to without presubmergence. Presubmergence also increased nitrification and subsequent denitrification but lower N assimilation by floodwater algae caused higher gaseous losses. Addition of green manure maintained higher NH4+‐N concentration in floodwater mainly because of lower nitrification rates but resulted in highest NH3 volatilization losses. Although green manure did not affect the KCl extractable NH4+‐N from applied fertilizer, it maintained higher NH4+‐N content due to its decomposition and increased mineralization of organic N. After 32 days about 36.9 % (T1), 23.9 % (T2), and 36.4 % (T3) of the applied urea N was incorporated in the pool of soil organic N in treatments. It was evident that the presubmergence has effected the recovery of applied urea N.
Detection of non‐equilibrium contaminant release in soil columns: Delineation of experimental conditions by numerical simulations
Authors: Wehrer Markus , Totsche Kai Uwe 
Published: September 2003

AbstractRobust and reliable laboratory methods are required to assess the rate of release of pollutants from contaminated materials. A widely used approach to determine release parameters are soil column experiments. Release rates are thereby obtained by the analysis of the concentration time profile measured at the column outlet, the so called breakthrough curve. Insufficient experimental information as a consequence of simple experimental designs, however, results in the non‐unique identification of the release processes. This is due to the equifinality, i.e., different processes result in the same breakthrough behavior. We analyzed column outflow experiments for their suitability for the identification of non‐equilibrium conditions by means of numerical simulations. Results show that non‐equilibrium conditions can be detected only in a small range of release time scale to transport time scale. Most frequently, non‐equilibrium remains undetected due to unmatched experimental conditions. Flow interruptions and modulation of the flow velocity are an important means to allow for better detection of possible non‐equilibrium release processes. The efficiency of flow interruptions sensitively depends on the experimental conditions, such as point of time and duration of the interruption and the imposed flow velocity. Column experiments are a suitable experimental tool to investigate non‐equilibrium. However, the course of the experiment has to be designed very carefully.
An Andosol from Eastern Saxony, Germany
Authors: Kleber Markus , Zikeli Sabine , Kastler Michael , Jahn Reinhold 
Published: September 2003

AbstractWe tested whether a ‘Lockerbraunerde’ from the heights of the Zittauer Gebirge in Eastern Saxony exhibited andic properties and classified it according to the rules of the World Reference Base for Soil Resources (WRB, 1998). To achieve this, we characterized a selected soil by means of routine soil analysis; selective dissolution procedures; X‐ray diffraction (XRD); X‐ray fluorescence (XRF), and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). We used field criteria (Thixotropy; NaF‐field test) to obtain a map of the spatial distribution of soils with potential andic properties. We found that the soil fulfilled all requirements to be classified as an Andosol. The composition of the colloidal phases was exactly intermediate between sil‐andic and alu‐andic. At the same time, the soil had a spodic horizon [determined through the depth function of the Alo+½Feo criterion]. As there was no indication of vertical translocation of metal‐organic complexes, but sufficient evidence to suggest the downward movement of mobile Al/Si‐phases, we maintain to classify the soil as an Endoskeleti‐Umbric Andosol and propose the existence of a pedogenetic pathway intermediate between Podsolisation and Andosolization. We conclude that the spodic horizon in the WRB is not well defined because of the dominance of the Alo+½Feo criterion over morphological evidence. We further suggest the German soil taxonomy to be modified to better represent soils containing short range order minerals.
The potential for soil phosphorus tests to predict phosphorus losses in overland flow
Authors: Quinton John N. , Strauss Peter , Miller Nicola , Azazoglu Erol , Yli‐Halla Markku , Uusitalo Risto 
Published: September 2003

AbstractSoil phosphorus tests offer a potentially powerful tool for land managers trying to predict the areas which will contribute diffuse losses of phosphorus (P) to surface water bodies through the overland flow vector – but do they work? We address this question at a range of scales, from patch (< 1 m2), through plot (several m2) to small watershed (several hectares). Our hypothesis is that as we increase the scale, and therefore the complexity of the system, soil P tests will predict P concentrations and losses associated with overland flow less well, and that this is partly due to a shift from dissolved P losses to P losses associated with eroded soil material.At the patch scale soil P tests were used to predict the P concentration and load from 24 European soils exposed to simulated rainfall under controlled conditions in the laboratory. Results showed that soil P tests were generally good predictors of reactive P <0.45 μm, but did less well at predicting total P > 0.45 μm. By combining the soil P test with measured sediment concentrations predictions of total P concentrations improved. Outdoor rainfall simulation experiments on bare soil plots (10 m2) revealed the overwhelming influence of particle bound P losses compared with P losses in the water phase. Soil P tests, which relate primarily to the dissolved P fractions in soil, were not able to predict total P losses, but were related to reactive P < 0.45 μm losses. At the watershed scale soil P tests were able to predict reactive P < 0.45 μm losses, but with considerable uncertainty.We conclude that soil P tests, in combination with sediment concentration provide a useful means of assessing the mobilization of P in overland flow, but should not be expected to provide watershed scale predictions of the movement of P into overland flow.
Microbiological and enzymatic properties of soil deposits originating from wind erosion
Authors: Sonnleitner Renate , Schinner Franz 
Published: September 2003

AbstractA characterization of deposits originating from wind erosion of agriculturally managed soils in eastern Austria with the main soil types Chernozems and Allochthonous Calcaric Fluvisols was conducted using measurements of microbial counts, soil respiration, soil microbial biomass, and several enzyme activities. The deposits were rich in organic matter, silt‐ and clay‐sized mineral particles, and had high water‐holding and cation exchange capacities. Microbial counts, biomass, and enzyme activities of the deposits covered ranges frequently reported for agriculturally managed soils. Metabolic quotients indicated reduced energetic efficiences of deposit associated microbial communities. Microorganisms might suffer from stress imposed by habitat destruction, drifting, and unfavorable physical conditions in the deposits. Shifts in microbial communities or properties of organic materials in the deposits might also result in high metabolic quotients. It will be the subject of further study to clarify causal relationships.