bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analytical and clinical performance evaluation of enhanced chemiluminescence-based fourth-generation HIV combo assay: Report from tertiary health-care setup in North India
Authors: Tiwari Aseem Kumar , Aggarwal Geet , Pabbi Swati , Mitra Subhasis , Yadav Neeti , Verma Virendra , Cheirmaraj K. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

INTRODUCTION:
HIV fourth-generation assay, designed for the detection of HIV p24 antigen along with anti-HIV antibodies of both immunoglobulin M and immunoglobulin G type against HIV 1 and HIV 2 viral antigens, have helped in the early detection of HIV infection and supports in minimizing the transmission risk in the acute phase of infection. The objective of this study was to evaluate the analytical and clinical performance of HIV fourth-generation assay based on enhanced chemiluminescence technology.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
The analytical performance of the assay was evaluated in terms of accuracy, precision, limit of detection, type of sample (serum vs. plasma), cross-reactivity (with other transfusion transmissible infections markers), and interference (with endogenous substances). Proficiency control material included kit-controls, archived known positive donor samples, third-party controls, and World Health Organization (WHO)/National Institute for Biological Standards and Controls (NIBSC, MHRA, UK) controls. The clinical performance was evaluated using routine donor and patient samples received during the study period.

RESULTS:
HIV fourth-generation assay showed reliable and reproducible results measured in terms of coefficient of variation % with kit-controls, archived known positive donor samples, third-party controls, and WHO international standards for anti-HIV 1 and 2 antibodies, HIV1 p24 antigens and HIV2 p26 antigen controls. The analytical sensitivity of the HIV fourth-generation assay was found to be 0.1 IU/mL of HIV1 p24 antigen control and there was no cross-reactivity or interference observed. In the clinical performance of the assay, HIV fourth-generation assay showed reliable performance in both donor and patient samples.

CONCLUSION:
HIV fourth-generation assay meets the requirements for its use as a screening assay for HIV infection based on the analytical and clinical performance of the assay.
Determination of the Rh/Kell phenotypes in donor as well as patients might be significant to provide phenotype-matched blood to cancer patients: A retrospective analysis from a tertiary care oncology center in North India
Authors: Pathak Amardeep , Tejwani Narender , Panda Devasis , Mehta Anurag 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

BACKGROUND:
Multiple reports are available from different parts of the globe indicating the incidences of alloimmunization and blood transfusion-related reactions, which emphasizes the need for phenotyping and providing antigen-matched safe blood.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES:
This study aims to determine the frequency of Rh and Kell antigens and phenotype for both donors and patients to propose the importance of providing Rh Kell phenotype cross-matched packed red blood cell (RBC) units to minimize the alloimmunization and transfusion reactions.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
Ten thousand blood donors and four thousand patients were investigated between October 2017 and July 2019. Each donor unit was tested for blood grouping, antibody screening, and Rh Kell antigen Phenotyping, and the blood unit was issued after the patient’s blood grouping, antibody screening by 3 cell panels, and Rh Kell antigen phenotyping followed by cross-matching with an Rh Kell-matched phenotype RBC unit.

RESULTS:
Nine thousand four hundred and fifty-two donors were D positive (94.5%) while 548 tested D negative (5.5%). Overall Rh and K antigens frequencies in donors were: “e” (98%) >“D” (94.5%) >“C” (86.6%) > “c” (57.5%) >“E” (18.8%) >K (0.98%). Among patients, 3762 tested D positive (94.05%), and 238 tested D negative (5.95%). Overall Rh and K antigens frequencies in patients were: “e” (98.5%) >“D” (94.05%) >“C” (90.2%) >“c” (51%) >“E” (18.2%) >K (1.8%).

CONCLUSION:
Our study has given us more clarity on the prevalence of major Rh and K antigens in our donor as well as patient populations, highlighting the similarities as well as differences. This variance holds a great significance, since such donor units when transfused into patients may lead to alloimmunization and adverse transfusion reactions. Hence, the determination of Rh and Kell phenotypes and providing phenotype-matched blood will help prevent such events.
Experience from an immunohematology reference testing center
Authors: Mathur Ankit , Prinja Nippun , Srivalli A. , Chakraboty Santanu , Reddy T. S. Vijay Kumar 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Blood Centres in India lack infrastructure to investigate immunohematology problems. Reference Testing Center (RTC) was established in 2014 to investigate Immunohematological problem as it is not possible for small blood centers to go for complete immunohematology work up due to lack of financial and technical resources in remote and rural areas. Objective of this study is to share our experience as RTC of past 6 years so that more RTC are established across Indian subcontinent. 1456 Discrepant samples received from various hospitals of South India for Immunohematology problems were analysed in 6 years. Maximum requisitions obtained in 2014 were more than 40 years of age and then 21-40 years of age group in 2015 and same was observed till 2020.75% of total samples received were for antibody identification followed by blood group discrepancy resolution, investigation of positive DAT, red cell phenotype and pre-natal evaluation & antibody titration. Single allo-antibodies were identified in 773 cases whereas multiple allo-antibodies were found in 118 cases. Most common single and multiple antibody found was anti D and Anti-D+C. Weak D subgroup was the most common blood group discrepancy.22 cases & 4 cases of Bombay and para-bombay were also investigated.
Effect of three different intracanal medications on canal wall cleanliness and radicular dentin microhardness
Authors: Mohamed Amira Ibrahim , Abdou Soha Adel , Aly Yousra 
Published: January 2024

Background/aim
Complete removal of intracanal medication from the canals before root canal obturation is an essential step. This research was conducted to comparatively assess the remaining debris after the removal of three intracanal medications: silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) paste, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) with curcumin paste, and calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) paste on the root canal walls and their effect on microhardness of radicular dentin.

Materials and methods
Thirty human extracted single-rooted teeth were selected from the National Research Centre Dental Clinic, Egypt. The crowns of the teeth were decapitated at the cementoenamel junction. All root canals were mechanically prepared. The specimens were randomly divided into three groups (each = 10) according to the type of medication used. Group A: AgNPs paste. Group B: AgNPs with curcumin paste. Group C: Ca(OH)2 paste. Intracanal medications were injected into the root canals and all specimens were incubated at 37°C for 7 days, then the intracanal medications were removed from the root canals and specimens were longitudinally sectioned. One-half of each specimen was examined under a stereomicroscope to evaluate the amount of remaining debris. The other half of each specimen was used to measure dentin microhardness using the Vickers Microhardness Tester. Statistical analysis was done.

Results
AgNPs paste showed a significantly low mean value of the remaining debris than AgNPs with curcumin paste, while Ca(OH)2 paste had a significantly highest mean value of the remaining debris than AgNPs paste alone or mixed with curcumin. AgNPs paste had the highest significant mean value of microhardness, then AgNPs with curcumin paste, while Ca(OH)2 paste had a significantly lowest mean value of microhardness.

Conclusion
AgNPs paste and AgNPs with curcumin paste used as intracanal medications were removed from the root canals with a minimal amount of the remaining debris and less effect on dentin microhardness than the Ca(OH)2 paste.
Post-coronavirus disease 2019 frequent use of disinfectants and sanitizers affect lung tissue: experimental study
Authors: Khattab Amr , ElShebiney Shaimaa 
Published: January 2024

Background/aim
Regular and excessive use of general household disinfectants and hand sanitizers has increased since coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) hit as per World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations. However, existing knowledge about hypochlorite use as a disinfectant is inadequate for the applied experimental conditions are generally not translated to real life. This study explores the effect of the regular use of the commonly recommended disinfectants such as alcohol-based solutions and 0.1% hypochlorite on the lung and liver tissues of rats.

Materials and methods
Sixteen Wistar rats were assigned to two housing conditions, first group cages were cleaned regularly with tap water. The second group was exposed to regular sanitization of the cages twice daily for 2 months using 70% alcohol followed by 1% hypochlorite solution, 30 min apart. Serum redox state was evaluated and serum liver enzymes were assessed. Lung and liver tissues were examined biochemically for inflammatory markers such as IL-1B, NF-kB, VEGF, and oxidant biomarkers such as MDA and antioxidant markers including GSH, SOD, and GPx. A histological examination was performed.

Results
Serum liver enzymes, antioxidants in serum or liver tissues and the inflammatory biomarkers in liver tissue were insignificantly changed, while lung tissue was inflamed and proceeded to fibrotic changes and the inflammatory biomarkers of IL-1β and NF-kβ, and VEGF of lung tissue were significantly elevated (P < 0.05) after surface disinfectant exposure to alcohol followed by 0.1% hypochlorite solution for two months. Moreover, the GSH and GPx levels were significantly reduced (P < 0.05), while the MDA level was significantly increased (P < 0.05) in the serum and lungs of a disinfectant exposed group of rats.

Conclusion
Frequent and excessive exposure to alcohol followed by 0.1% hypochlorite solution even as recommended can pose a risk to the respiratory system. Their application in cleaning routine should be wisely considered.
Influence of food consumption and packaging on urinary Bisphenol-A level in a sample of Egyptian students
Authors: Sabry Rania N. , Moustafa Rehab S.I. , Wahba Saneya A. , Salah El-Din Ebtissam M. , Boseila Samia , Youssef Mai M. , Abushady Mones M. , Hussein Jihan , Medhat Dalia , Morsy Safaa M. , Salah Dina A. 
Published: January 2024

Background/aim
Bisphenol A (BPA) is a high-production volume industrial chemical used in the manufacture of plastic products as polycarbonate and epoxy resin that line food cans. It has a hazardous effect on human health. This study aimed to investigate whether increased consumption of different food types and food packing will be associated with higher urinary levels of BPA or not, in a sample of Egyptian students.

Subjects and methods
A random sample of 125 Egyptian children and adolescents from 6–18 years old of different social levels was included. Participants were classified into two groups. The first group included participants less than 12 years old, and the second group included those 12 years or above. Sixty four participants were males, and sixty-one were females. Urine samples were analysed from the studied children and adolescents to assess urinary BPA levels.

Results
The present results indicated that urinary BPA levels were significantly increased in older adolescents (≥12 years) than those less than twelve years old (P=0.01). Higher juice consumption was significantly associated with higher BPA levels in urine (P=0.002).

Conclusions
Food consumption had no obvious effect on BPA levels except for juice consumption which has a significant influence on BPA secretion. Also, food storage and packaging had no significant role in BPA levels.
Evaluation of two-dimensional ultrasound fetal thymus size in correlation to infection parameters in pregnancies complicated with preterm premature rupture of membranes
Authors: Abdallah Amal Kotb , Mohesen Mohamed , Kamal Nagwan , Elsalam Sahar Mahmoud Abd , Salem Sondos , Salama Ehab , Abdel-Rasheed Mazen , Eweis Mohamed 
Published: January 2024

Background/aim
The thymus is essential for developing the fetal immune system and may show involution upon exposure to acute stress. Early detection of intrauterine infection is urgently needed to avoid fetal affection and sepsis. The present study aims to correlate the fetal thymus size with the infection parameters in pregnancies complicated with preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM).

Subjects and methods
The present study recruited pregnant women who fulfilled the inclusion criteria in a ratio of 1 case to 4 controls according to the study design; Group 1 of twenty cases presenting in PPROM, and Group 2 of eighty cases of women without PPROM. The primary outcome of the study was to measure fetal thymus size by abdominal ultrasound and its correlation with maternal total leukocytic count (TLC) and its differential count, C-reactive protein (CRP), and maternal fever. The secondary outcomes involved the correlation of the fetal thymus size with fetal distress, the occurrence of neonatal infection, Apgar neonatal score, and histological examination of the placenta and membranes for evidence of chorioamnionitis.

Results
Group 1 had a significantly higher CRP level (P<0.001), higher TLC level (P=0.035), and higher Staff (P<0.001). On the contrary, group 2 had significantly higher AFI (P=0.022), greater Thymus perimeter (P<0.001), and greater thymus transverse diameter (P<0.001). In addition, the pathological examination of the placenta revealed positive signs of infection in group 1 in only 65% of cases. Group 1 had a positive correlation between Thymus perimeter and APGAR score of the neonates (r=0.658, P=0.002), Thymus perimeter and birth weight (r=0.741, P<0.001), Thymus transverse diameter and APGAR score of the neonates (r=0.741, P<0.001), and finally Thymus transverse diameter and birth weight (r=0.734, P<0.001). Group 2 showed a significant positive correlation between the Thymus perimeter and neonatal APGAR score (r=0.232, P=0.039) and Thymus transverse diameter and birth weight (r=0.320, P=0.004). In Group 1, Cases with placental signs of infection (n=13) had higher CRP levels (P=0.046), higher TLC levels (P=0.014), higher Staff (P<0.001), but lower AFI (P=0.032).

Conclusion
The assessment of the fetal thymus during the routine second- and/or third-trimester scan could be a predictive measure for intra-amniotic infection. However, there is no association between small fetal thymus and adverse perinatal outcomes in uncomplicated pregnancies. Further larger studies with different demographic, maternal characteristics, and different inflammatory processes with and without active management to summarize whether fetal thymus can be used in clinical practice to avoid infection-related fetal morbidities or not.
Characterization and ameliorative effects of Chenopodium murale hydroethanolic extract against diethylnitrosamine-induced hepato-renal damage and malfunction
Authors: Abou- Seif Howida S. , Ahmed Osama M. , El-Newary Samah A. , Shabana Marwa E. , EL-Kassaby Mahitab I. , Elqattan Ghada M. , Sawie Hussein G. 
Published: January 2024

Background/aim

Chenopodium genus has broad applications in folk medicine. Chenopodium murale (C. murale) exhibited several pharmacological benefits, including hypotensive, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antifungal, antibacterial, phytotoxic, hepatoprotective and renoprotective effects. The principal objective unveils the preventive effects of C. murale against hepato-renal damage and malfunction induced by diethylnitrosamine (DEN).

Materials and methods
Forty rats were included in the present study divided into 4 groups, group 1, animals were given saline solution every day for 14 weeks. Group 2, animals were injected double times per week by intraperitoneal route with DEN at 150 mg/kg body weight for 2 weeks. Animals in group 3 were injected with DEN like in group 2 and subjected orally to C. murale hydroethanolic extract (500 mg/kg body weight) daily for 14 weeks. Animals in group 4 received the same dose of the hydroethanolic extract of C. murale for a similar period.

Results
DEN has injurious effects, associated with elevated liver enzyme activities (AST, ALT and ALP), urea and creatinine in serum. Also, lipid peroxidation and nitric oxide were elevated markedly. DEN lowered the hepatic and renal activities of endogenous antioxidants (CAT and SOD), reduced glutathione (GSH) level. Conversely, treatment with C. murale restored liver function biomarker activities, urea and creatinine levels as well as mitigated the oxidative damage induced by DEN. C. murale reflecting its ameliorative potential which diminished obviously the DEN-induced elevated hepato-renal levels of IL-1β and TNF-α (immuno- inflammatory indicators), also down regulated Bcl-2, NF-κB, and Nrf-2 (inflammatory mediators).

Conclusion
These findings proved that C. murale might protect and ameliorate DEN-induced hepato-renal damage through activation of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory systems.
Morphological changes in root dentin after irradiation with diode laser 980 nm in two directions: an in-vitro study
Authors: Eltayeb Elsayed Abdallah , Abdou Soha Adel 
Published: January 2024

Background/aim
Laser technology is an essential aid tool for endodontic treatment procedures. The most common type of laser used in the endodontic field was diode laser 980 nm. The present work aimed to assess the morphological variations and chemical changes in root canal dentin treated with diode laser 980 nm in two directions parallel and perpendicular by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS).

Materials and methods
Thirty extracted human single-rooted lower premolars teeth with mature apex were chosen from Dental Department of Research Institute of Ophthalmology, Egypt. Their crowns were resected at the cement-enamel junction (CEJ), and their roots were mechanically prepared. The roots were categorized into two groups (each = 15): according to the direction of laser application. In group A the laser was directed parallel to the root canal, while in the group B it was directed perpendicular to the root canal. All groups were analyzed by SEM and EDS examination. Statistical analysis was done by Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Shapiro-Wilk tests and comparison between two groups was performed by independent t-analysis, while in qualitative data Chi-square test was used.

Results
The results of group A where the laser was directed parallel to the root canal exhibited score 1 (86.7%) in the coronal section, score 3 (80%) in the middle section, and score 4 (80%) in the apical section. The results of group B where the laser was directed perpendicular to the root canal represented score 1 (86.7%) in the coronal section, score 1 (73.3%) in the middle section, and score 3 (73.3%) in the apical section.

Conclusion
Diode laser 980 nm in a perpendicular direction to root canal dentin surface produced more morphological changes than when used in a parallel direction, however regarding the chemical changes, there were no chemical changes detected between the two directions.
ASC Timetables for Setting Subjects in Integrated Islamic Elementary School; Intelligent Planning for Learning Systems
Authors: Yahya Yahya , Fitrina Defi Wahyu , Febrina Weli 
Published: January 2024

This study investigates the implementation and effectiveness of ASC Timetables, an intelligent planning system, in setting subjects for an Integrated Islamic Elementary School at Riyadhoturrohman Panyabungan. The research explores the complexities of scheduling subjects within the context of Islamic education and analyzes the intelligent planning mechanisms integrated into ASC Timetables. A qualitative research approach, employing in-depth interviews, observations, and document analysis, was utilized to gather data from teachers, school administrators, and staff directly involved in using ASC Timetables.The findings of this study reveal the intricate process of subject scheduling in an integrated Islamic elementary school and highlight the significance of intelligent planning systems in managing diverse subjects while adhering to Islamic educational principles. The research illuminates the challenges faced by educators and administrators and discusses the solutions provided by ASC Timetables. Moreover, it identifies the system’s ability to adapt and optimize schedules, ensuring an effective and balanced allocation of learning hours for various subjects. This research contributes to the understanding of how intelligent planning systems like ASC Timetables enhance the efficiency of subject scheduling in a unique educational context. The insights gained from this study can inform educational practitioners, policymakers, and system developers, guiding the integration of intelligent planning tools in diverse educational environments, especially those with specific cultural and religious requirements.
Machine learning approaches for automatic classification of single-particle mass spectrometry data
Authors: Wang Guanzhong , Ruser Heinrich , Schade Julian , Passig Johannes , Adam Thomas , Dollinger Günther , Zimmermann Ralf 
Published: January 2024

Abstract. The chemical composition of aerosol particles is a key parameter for human health and climate effects. Single-particle mass spectrometry (SPMS) has evolved to a mature technology with unique chemical coverage and the capability to analyze the distribution of aerosol components in the particle ensemble in real time. With the fully automated characterization of the chemical profile of the aerosol particles, selective real-time monitoring of air quality could be performed, e.g., for urgent risk assessments due to particularly harmful pollutants. For aerosol particle classification, mostly unsupervised clustering algorithms (ART-2a, K-means and their derivatives) are used, which require manual postprocessing. In this work, we focus on supervised algorithms to tackle the problem of the automatic classification of large amounts of aerosol particle data. Supervised learning requires data with labels to train a predictive model. Therefore, we created a labeled benchmark dataset containing ∼ 24 000 particles with eight different coarse categories that were highly abundant at a measurement in summer in Central Europe: elemental carbon (EC), organic carbon and elemental carbon (OC-EC), potassium-rich (K-rich), calcium-rich (Ca-rich), iron-rich (Fe-rich), vanadium-rich (V-rich), magnesium-rich (Mg-rich) and sodium-rich (Na-rich). Using the chemical features of particles, the performance of the following classical supervised algorithms was tested: K-nearest neighbors, support vector machine, decision tree, random forest and multi-layer perceptron. This work shows that despite the entrenched position of unsupervised clustering algorithms in the field, the use of supervised algorithms has the potential to replace the manual step of clustering algorithms in many applications, where real-time data analysis is essential. For the classification of the eight classes, the prediction accuracy of several supervised algorithms exceeded 97 %. The trained model was used to classify ∼ 49 000 particles from a blind dataset in 0.2 s, taking into account also a class of “unclassified” particles. The predictions are highly consistent with the results obtained in a previous study using ART-2a.