bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental Integration of Quantum Key Distribution and Post‐Quantum Cryptography in a Hybrid Quantum‐Safe Cryptosystem
Authors: Garms Lydia , Paraïso Taofiq K. , Hanley Neil , Khalid Ayesha , Rafferty Ciara , Grant James , Newman James , Shields Andrew J. , Cid Carlos , O'Neill Maire 
Published: February 2024

AbstractQuantum key distribution (QKD) and post‐quantum cryptography (PQC) are the two counter measures against cryptographic attacks via quantum computing. While QKD offers information theoretic security but limited authentication scalability, PQC facilitates scalable authentication in high density networks but is not information theoretic secure. Therefore, an ideal quantum‐safe framework should efficiently leverage the complementarity of both techniques. However, despite growing efforts in integrating both, current realizations have focused on channel authentication, and a complete cryptosystem addressing both hybrid authentication and hybrid key exchange is yet to be demonstrated. Here, an authenticated hybrid key exchange protocol is introduced that incorporates PQC and QKD in a modular and information‐theoretic secure architecture. The quantum‐safe protocol is inherently resilient to catastrophic cryptographic failures and provides both forward and post‐compromise security. As proof‐of‐concept implementation, the cryptosystem on a QKD hardware prototype is integrated, with the QKD processing, PQC key exchange and secret state masking via physical unclonable functions (PUFs) all running on a single field programmable gate array (FPGA). This work paves the way for the deployment of versatile and modular quantum‐safe networks that exploit the complementarity of PQC and QKD.
Crisis communication during COVID‐19: Insights from Pennsylvania and Florida local governments
Authors: Chatterjee Vaswati , Arapis Theodore 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis study examines the determinants of local governments’ (LGs') adoption of crisis communication strategies during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. Recognizing the pivotal role of crisis communication in public health emergencies and the central role of LGs as frontline responders, this research offers valuable insight into pandemic response and management. Employing ordinary least squares regression, we analyzed data from our Pandemic Management Survey, which was distributed across Pennsylvania and Florida municipal executives during the spring of 2021. According to our results, LG managers’ concerns related to school and business closures, as well as their efficacy beliefs, had a positive impact on the adoption of communication strategies. Our results also showed that funding from the CARES Act significantly improved LGs’ capacity to implement these strategies. Additionally, our study underscores the significance of community vulnerability factors in shaping crisis communication efforts.
Tuning function‐based command filtered fault‐tolerant fixed‐time control for nonlinear systems with sensor/actuator faults
Authors: Qi Hongji , Chen Ming , Wu Libing , Peng Kaixiang 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn this article, the issue of fixed‐time fault‐tolerant control is studied for a class of nonlinear systems with sensor/actuator faults. The tuning functions and command filters are used to solve the problem of over‐parameterization and differential explosion in traditional backstepping method. The above methods simplify the derivation and reduce the calculation burden of the system respectively. Moreover, the introduction of fixed‐time control further improves the rapidity of the system. Another feature of this design is that the fixed‐time stability is finally realized by introducing a special Lyapunov function, rather than the practical fixed‐time stability. The tracking error can be guaranteed to converge to the origin in a fixed time. Simulation results show that the proposed control strategy is effective even if there are actuator/actuator faults in the system.
Evaluation of the influence of surface and subsurface acidity correction methodologies on soil compaction in agropastoral systems under no‐till
Authors: Barbosa Borges Wander Luis , Hipólito Jorge Luiz , Piantra Luan Carlos , Dalto de Souza Isabela Malaquias , Sporch Helimar Balarone da Silva , Gatto Juliano Pedro Henrique , Fuzaro Rodrigues Letícia Nayara 
Published: February 2024

AbstractSurface and subsurface acidity and soil compaction restrict root exploration and impair crop yields in agropastoral systems under no‐till. To support the development of surface and subsurface acidity correction methodologies that can decrease soil compaction in agropastoral systems under no‐till, this study tested the following hypotheses: (a) the incorporation of limestone with plowing and harrowing (conventional tillage) for surface and subsurface acidity correction decreases soil compaction in agropastoral systems under no‐till, (b) the subsurface application of hydrated lime with a shank subsoiler‐fertilizer (minimum tillage) for surface and subsurface acidity correction decreases soil compaction in agropastoral systems under no‐till, and (c) the surface application of Ca compounds (no tillage) for surface and subsurface acidity correction increases soil compaction in agropastoral systems under no‐till. In a field experiment in an agropastoral system under no‐till in an Arenic Hapludalf in Brazil, the abilities of three application management methodologies (no tillage, conventional tillage, and minimum tillage) for three Ca compounds (limestone, phosphogypsum, and hydrated lime) to ameliorate acidity in the surface and subsurface layers and decrease soil compaction were evaluated. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with four replications. The results support the following conclusions: (a) the incorporation of limestone with plowing and harrowing does not decrease soil compaction in agropastoral systems under no‐till; (b) the subsurface application of hydrated lime with a shank subsoiler‐fertilizer does not decrease soil compaction in agropastoral systems under no‐till; and (c) the surface application of limestone does not increase soil compaction in agropastoral systems under no‐till.
Effective Bidirectional Mott–Schottky Catalysts Derived from Spent LiFePO4 Cathodes for Robust Lithium−Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Zhang Mengjie , Zhang Zhongshuai , Wu Fang , Wang Mengxiao , Yu Xiaoyuan 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIt is deemed as a tough yet profound project to comprehensively cope with a range of detrimental problems of lithium–sulfur batteries (LSBs), mainly pertaining to the shuttle effect of lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) and sluggish sulfur conversion. Herein, a Co2P‐Fe2P@N‐doped carbon (Co2P‐Fe2P@NC) Mott–Schottky catalyst is introduced to enable bidirectionally stimulated sulfur conversion. This catalyst is prepared by simple carbothermal reduction of spent LiFePO4 cathode and LiCoO2. The experimental and theoretical calculation results indicate that thanks to unique surface/interface properties derived from the Mott–Schottky effect, full anchoring of LiPSs, mediated Li2S nucleation/dissolution, and bidirectionally expedited “solid⇌liquid⇌solid” kinetics can be harvested. Consequently, the S/Co2P‐Fe2P@NC manifests high reversible capacity (1569.9 mAh g−1), superb rate response (808.9 mAh g−1 at 3C), and stable cycling (a low decay rate of 0.06% within 600 cycles at 3C). Moreover, desirable capacity (5.35 mAh cm−2) and cycle stability are still available under high sulfur loadings (4–5 mg cm−2) and lean electrolyte (8 µL mg−1) conditions. Furthermore, the as‐proposed universal synthetic route can be extended to the preparation of other catalysts such as Mn2P‐Fe2P@NC from spent LiFePO4 and MnO2. This work unlocks the potential of carbothermal reduction phosphating to synthesize bidirectional catalysts for robust LSBs.
Achieving 1060 mW cm−2 with 0.6 mg cm−2 Pt Loading Based on Imidazole‐Riched Semi‐Interpenetrating Proton Exchange Membrane at High‐Temperature Fuel Cells
Authors: Lin Jingjing , Wang Peng , Bin Jinsheng , Wang Lei 
Published: February 2024

AbstractEnhancing phosphoric acid (PA) doping in polybenzimidazole (PBI) membranes is crucial for improving the performance of high‐temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells (HT‐PEMFCs). However, excessive PA uptake often leads to drawbacks such as PA loss and compromised mechanical properties when surpassing PA capacity of PBI basic functionality. Herein, a new strategy that integrates high PA uptake, mechanical strength, and acid retention is proposed by embedding linear PBI chains into a crosslinked poly(N‐vinylimidazole) (PVIm) backbone via in‐situ polymerization. The imidazole (Im)‐riched semi‐interpenetrating polymer network (sIPN) membrane with high‐density nitrogen moieties, significantly enhancing the PA doping degree to 380% shows an excellent conductivity (0.108 S cm−1). Meanwhile, the crosslinking structure in the sIPN membrane ensures adequate mechanical properties, low hydrogen permeability, and a relatively low swelling ratio. As a result, the single cell based on the membrane achieves the highest power density of 1060 mW cm−2 with a low Pt loading (0.6 mg cm−2) up to now and exhibits excellent fuel cell stability.
Building emotional resilience to foster well‐being by utilising reflective practise in the sonography workplace
Authors: White Alison , Humphreys Linda , Oomens Donna 
Published: February 2024

AbstractReflection and reflective practise are well recognised tools that are utilised by healthcare professionals to support self‐awareness and self‐care. In turn, self‐care is a critical component of the wellbeing and the capacity for resilience of healthcare professionals in response to day‐to‐day exposure to emotionally and psychologically challenging situations. Affective reflection, the process of considering and analysing thoughts, feelings and emotions though written dialogue (the act of reflective writing), has been shown to be beneficial for promoting and building resilience in healthcare professionals. Despite the known benefits of these strategies for maintaining wellbeing and avoiding compassion fatigue and burnout, the discourse on the use of affective reflection and reflective writing in the sonography profession is limited. Interventions such as reflection, reflective practise and reflective writing should not be underestimated as tools to promote the adaptive abilities and the degree of individual emotional resilience of sonographers. Long term positive outcomes supported by utilising and practising reflection include the maintenance of emotional stability and an increase in the scope for empathy and subsequently, an enhancement of quality of practise and patient care. This article aims to provide a broad discussion on the practise of affective reflection and showcase the process of reflective writing using written reflective dialogue guides with practical examples relevant to sonography practise. In addition, this paper outlines how these strategies can be incorporated and enacted in the sonography workplace to build resilience.
Extraction, Characterization, Biocompatibility, and Antioxidant Activity of Dillenia Indica L. Fruit Polysaccharide
Authors: Mohanta Bulu , Sen Dhrubo Jyoti , Nayak Amit Kumar 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe current investigation describes extraction and characterization of aqueous‐soluble polysaccharide (DIFP) from mature Dillenia indica L., fruits to explore its biocompatibility and antioxidant properties (in vitro). In this work, employing the hot‐water extraction method, a whitish brown colored, tasteless, odorless DIFP is extracted (14.45% yield). The findings of the phytochemical identification showed that the extracted DIFP contained both mucilage and carbohydrates. The purity of DIFP is revealed by the examination of three different ash values. 1H NMR spectroscopy, FT‐IR spectroscopy, DSC, and P‐XRD analyses of extracted DIFP are carried out. The results of hemocompatibility (in vitro) experiments, in particular, the determinations of hemolysis percentage (0.80%) and thrombogenicity percentage (5.55%), indicated that the DIFP exhibited nonhemolytic and nonthrombogenic properties. The in vivo acute toxicity evaluation in Swiss Albino male mice clearly presented the absence of any mortality (within 24 h) after intraperitoneal administration of the extracted DIFP (up to 1500 mg kg−1), indicating its nontoxicity, in vivo. Different in vitro tests of antioxidant activity, such as DPPH, ABTS, and hydroxyl radical scavenging, showed a strong antioxidant effect of extracted DIFP. The extracted DIFP (from mature DIFs by hot‐water extraction method) can be used as a natural antioxidant in a variety of applications.
Artificial intelligence in international business
Authors: Ratten Vanessa , Jones Paul , Braga Vitor 
Published: February 2024

AbstractArtificial intelligence is poised to transform international business through the adoption of new digital technology practices as part of the fourth industrial revolution. The how, when, and why of artificial intelligence implementation in international business is still somewhat unknown but will likely significantly influence performance outcomes, market interpretation, risk prediction, consumer interactions, and technology‐based metrics. With greater emphasis on artificial intelligence‐based tools, the future practice of international business will require digital literacy. This means business managers need to improve the way they analyze artificial intelligence in terms of appreciating its usefulness while maintaining privacy and mitigation strategies. In this editorial, we discuss the current developments regarding artificial intelligence in international business with the goal of identifying future research areas of importance.
In vitro chemosensitivity testing of the feline large granular lymphocyte cell line (S87)
Authors: Hartung Svenja , Herden Christiane , Sparenberg Marion , Henrich Manfred 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundFeline large granular lymphocyte (LGL) lymphoma is an aggressive neoplasia characterised by short survival and poor response to chemotherapy.ObjectivesIn this study, the effect of different chemotherapeutic agents on the growth kinetics of the feline cell line S87, a non‐MHC‐restricted feline LGL cell line, was investigated. Where possible, IC50 (inhibitory concentration 50) values were determined. The IC50 values of the cell line as lymphoma models can provide clues to the situation in vivo and serve as a basis for studying resistance mechanisms.MethodsCells were incubated with various concentrations of vincristine, doxorubicin, 4‐hydroperoxycyclophosphamide, prednisolone, methotrexate and L‐asparaginase for 24 and 48 h, respectively.ResultsThe IC50 values could be determined as 14.57 (7.49–28.32) μg/mL at 24 h incubation and 5.72 (4.05–8.07) μg/mL at 48 h incubation for doxorubicin and 9.12 (7.72–10.76) μg/mL at 24 h incubation and 4.53 (3.74–5.47) μg/mL at 48 h incubation for 4‐hydroperpoxycyclophosphamide. Treatment with vincristine and methotrexate resulted in relatively high cell resistance whereas L‐asparaginase and prednisolone treatment led to a reduction in cell number compared to control while cell viability was not affected (cytostatic effect).ConclusionOverall, the feline LGL cell line S87 proves to be relatively sensitive to doxorubicin and 4‐hydroperoxycyclophosphamide and relatively resistant to treatment with vincristine, prednisolone, methotrexate and L‐asparaginase. The results of this study can be used for further investigations on resistance mechanisms in feline LGL lymphoma. Doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide can be interpreted as promising candidates for the therapy of feline LGL lymphomas.
On the use of secondary rotors for vertical axis wind turbine power take‐off
Authors: Morgan Laurence , Leithead William , Carroll James 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis work introduces and explores the use of secondary rotors for vertical axis wind turbine power take‐off. A parametric framework based on optimally designed secondary rotors is developed which calculates the maximum achievable efficiency of power conversion between the primary and secondary rotors. It is shown that practicable rotor designs can convert between 87% and 90% of primary rotor power to the secondary rotors whilst facilitating nacelle mass reductions between 85% and 87% compared to traditional reference turbine drivetrains.
Nitrogen removal performance of improved subsurface wastewater infiltration system under various influent carbon–nitrogen ratios
Authors: Zhou Xulun , Li Haibo , Wang Ang , Wang Xueyan , Chen Xi , Zhang Chenxi 
Published: February 2024

AbstractSubsurface wastewater infiltration system (SWIS) has been recognized as a simple operation and environmentally friendly technology for wastewater purification. However, effectively removing nitrogen (N) remains a challenge, hindering the widespread application of SWIS. In this study, zero‐valent iron (ZVI) and porous mineral material (PMM) were applied in SWIS to improve the soil matrix. Our results suggested that the addition of ZVI and PMM could simultaneously enhance N removal efficiency and reduce nitrous oxide emissions. This could be attributed to the abundant electrons generated by ZVI alleviating the electronic limitation of denitrification and the porous structure of PMM providing solid phase support for microbial growth. In addition, the abundance of microbial functional genes increased in modified SWIS, which could further explain the higher pollutant removal efficiency. Overall, this study provides new insights into the mitigation of wastewater pollution and greenhouse gas emissions in SWIS.Practitioner Points

ZVI and PMM can adapt to different C loads and enhance pollutant removal efficiency in SWIS.
Increasing C–N ratios positively affected the nitrate removal performance and negatively affected ammonium removal performance in SWIS.
The amending soil matrix promoted the reduction of the N2O to N2 and greenhouse gas emissions were well controlled.
The abundance of microbial functional genes increased with the improvement of the soil matrix.
Changes in the transformation of nitrogen and phosphorus under different microbial communities in sewage pipes
Authors: Zhou Changfeng , Xie Yuling , Tao Yang , Wei Haodong , Wang Yiyang , Liu Cuiyun 
Published: February 2024

AbstractMicrobial communities living in different environments can affect the transformation of nitrogen and phosphorus in sewage pipes. Two different environments were simulated to investigate the differences in the transformation of nitrogen and phosphorus under different microbial communities in the pipe. Results showed that the concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus changed greatly in the first 25–33 days and the first 21 days, respectively, and then remained stable. The decrease in amino acid nitrogen (AAN) concentration and the increase in ammonia nitrogen (NH4+‐N) concentration in the sediments were evident in the contrast group. The concentrations of total phosphorus (TP), dissolved total phosphorus (DTP), and dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP) in the overlying water and interstitial water decreased, and that of TP in the sediment increased. Some microorganisms in the sediments of both groups are related to the transformation of nitrogen and phosphorus, such as Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1, Sporacetigenium, Norank_f__Anaerolineaceae, Norank_f__norank_o__PeM15, and Caldisericum. The relative abundance of these microorganisms was remarkably differed between the two groups, which partly caused the difference in nitrogen and phosphorus transformation among overlying water, interstitial water, and sediment in the two environments.Practitioner Points

The concentration of N and P changed greatly in the first 20–30 days.
AAN and NH4+‐N in sediments had greater concentration variation in contrast group.
In two groups, TP, DTP, and DRP of water decreased, and TP of sediment increased.
Microbe related to the transformation of N and P differed between the two groups.
Wieviel Digitalisierung braucht die HNO-Lehre?
Authors: Schmitz Lisa , Betz Christian S. , Böttcher Arne , Häußler Sophia M. , Praetorius Mark 
Published: February 2024

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Digitalisierung ist längst fester Bestandteil des Alltags von Studierenden und zunehmend auch ihrer medizinischen Ausbildung. Es scheint ein ungeschriebenes Gesetz zu sein, dass „digital natives“ möglichst viel Digitalisierung wollen. In dieser Studie wurde beleuchtet, wie Studierende im klinisch-geprägten Abschnitt des Medizinstudiums die zunehmende Digitalisierung der Lehre empfinden und was sie für eine gute Ausbildung benötigen.

Material und Methoden
Die vorliegende Studie analysiert 2 Umfragen, welche mittels Online-Fragebogen erhoben wurden. Zum einen wurden Studierende des 5.–9. Fachsemesters der Medizinischen Fakultät der Universität Hamburg (n = 282) befragt (Umfrage 1). Eine weitere Umfrage adressierte alle Beschäftigten der HNO-Kliniken Deutschlands (n = 175; Umfrage 2).

Ergebnisse
Es nahmen 76 Studierende an Umfrage 1 und 123 Dozierende an Umfrage 2 teil. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass sowohl Studierende als auch Dozierende keinen vollumfänglichen Ersatz von Präsenzlehre durch digitale Formate wünschen. Insgesamt 72,7 % der Studierenden lehnen die Möglichkeit der Vermittlung praktischer Fertigkeiten durch digitale Formate ab. Der Großteil der befragten Studierenden gibt an, in Offline-Formaten eine bessere Konzentration (61,1 %), Teilnahmewahrscheinlichkeit (63,9 %) und Lernmotivation (76,6 %) zu haben. Dozierende hingegen sehen die Digitalisierung zu 40,2 % als Entlastungsmöglichkeit ohne relevante Qualitätsverluste der Lehre.

Schlussfolgerung
Digitale Lehrformate beeinflussen die medizinische Ausbildung der befragten Studierenden negativ. Es bedarf der Interaktion und physischen Anwesenheit zur Steigerung der Lernmotivation. Dies führt zu dem ersten Schluss, dass Studierende einer zunehmenden Digitalisierung des Medizinstudiums kritisch gegenüberstehen.
Kann ein Sturz auf die Schulter (Direktanprall) einen Riss der Rotatorenmanschette verursachen?
Authors: Nyffeler Richard W. , Lustenberger Alois , Bissig Philipp 
Published: February 2024

ZusammenfassungDie Frage, ob ein Sturz direkt auf die Schulter eine Rotatorenmanschettenruptur verursachen kann, beschäftigt Ärzte (und Gerichte) seit vielen Jahren. Gutachter, welche sich auf die versicherungsmedizinische Literatur stützen, lehnen die Unfallkausalität in der Regel ab. Wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen dazu gibt es nicht. Der untenstehende Bericht beschreibt einen typischen Fall, bei dem ein Sturz direkt auf die Schulter eine massive Rotatorenmanschettenruptur verursacht hat.
Ethical governance of artificial intelligence for defence: normative tradeoffs for principle to practice guidance
Authors: Blanchard Alexander , Thomas Christopher , Taddeo Mariarosaria 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The rapid diffusion of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies in the defence domain raises challenges for the ethical governance of these systems. A recent shift from the what to the how of AI ethics sees a nascent body of literature published by defence organisations focussed on guidance to implement AI ethics principles. These efforts have neglected a crucial intermediate step between principles and guidance concerning the elicitation of ethical requirements for specifying the guidance. In this article, we outline the key normative choices and corresponding tradeoffs that are involved in specifying guidance for the implementation of AI ethics principles in the defence domain. These correspond to: the AI lifecycle model used; the scope of stakeholder involvement; the accountability goals chosen; the choice of auditing requirements; and the choice of mechanisms for transparency and traceability. We provide initial recommendations for navigating these tradeoffs and highlight the importance of a pro-ethical institutional culture.