bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
OUT OF THE MEDICINE CABINET: NONPHARMACOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO IMPROVE COGNITION AND ASSOCIATED FUNCTIONS
Authors: Curtis Ashley , Visovsky Constance 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
There is a lack of pharmacological agents for improving cognition, and the negative impact of polypharmacy on cognitive and physiological functioning in aging adults is well established. This has prompted investigation of non-pharmacological interventions aimed at improving cognition and associated functions. This symposium will provide a comprehensive evaluation of several of these promising evidence-based behavioral approaches. Paper 1 will describe several computerized cognitive training programs for improving cognition and sleep in middle-aged and older adults. Paper 2 will evaluate short-term complex music training versus music listening on cognitive function in older adults. Paper 3 will describe the impact of cognitive behavioral and virtual reality treatments for insomnia on sleep, cognition, arousal, and mood in several primarily middle-aged and older adult populations with chronic insomnia. Paper 4 will examine physical differences in gait function of older adult breast cancer survivors, providing insight into fall risk indicators, and targets for behavioral intervention. Paper 5 will describe results from a randomized clinical trial evaluating a mindfulness-based stress reduction for improving self-reported and objective cognition as well as fatigue. As Discussant, Dr. Constance Visovsky will integrate research findings and discuss areas for future research investigation. In sum, this symposium will provide unique insight into the impact of alternative approaches ‘beyond the medicine cabinet’ for improving not only cognition, but other areas of associated functioning in mid-to-late life. Thus, this session will help to inform interventions that can be delivered online and in the community to help mitigate risk and/or delay onset of cognitive decline.
SHORT-TERM MUSIC TRAINING ENHANCES INHIBITION IN AGING
Authors: Bugos Jennifer 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Music training was shown to benefit inhibition in adults; however, little is known about the benefits of specific types of music training and the dosages necessary to demonstrate gains in older adults. Based on the ADAM model, professional musicians use predictive temporal extrapolation to anticipate and perform coordinated bimanual movements. We applied this model to beginning adult musicians by isolating the effects of bimanual coordination when compared with non-motor standardized music interventions. We evaluated the effects of two standardized music programs (piano training, music listening instruction) on inhibition in novice adults after four-week intervals. Older adults (N=18) were recruited and randomly assigned to a manualized piano program (Keys to Staying Sharp) or music listening instruction (Music Listening Today, standard protocol). Participants completed a battery of standardized measures including measures of inhibition (Flanker, Cued Color Word Stroop) at pretesting and at each of the three follow-up intervals: 4 weeks, 8 weeks, and 12 weeks. Results of a Repeated Measures Group X Time ANOVA for the first four months of training showed reduced error rates, F(1, 14)=6.48, p=.023, and faster reaction times, F(1, 14) =5.27, p=.038 for piano training as compared to music listening instruction. Increased differences were prominent after eight-weeks of training for the piano group as compared to music listening. Data suggests that music training interventions while manualized are not created equal. Benefits from complex music performance are evident after short-term manualized music interventions. Short-term bimanual music interventions may increase cognitive performance beyond music listening instruction due to cognitive load.
PERCEIVED AGE DISCRIMINATION IN THE SECOND HALF OF LIFE: AN EXAMINATION OF AGE, PERIOD, AND COHORT EFFECTS
Authors: Ayalon Liat , Bramajo Octavio 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The present study aimed to examine variations in perceived age discrimination in the second half of life. Perceived age discrimination is different from objective age discrimination as it depends on respondents’ recognition, acknowledgement, and willingness to report the discriminatory event. We adopt a comprehensive approach which examines whether perceived age discrimination varies by age (chronological time from birth), period (when data were collected), or cohort (a group of people with shared life events experienced at a similar age) across gender and ethnic origin. Relying on psychosocial data from Health and Retirement Survey between 2006 and 2018. Our findings show that perceived age discrimination increases with age. In addition, older cohorts of women are more likely to report perceived age discrimination, whereas White women born around 1940 are less likely to report perceived age discrimination. White men, in contrast show a slight increase in perceived discrimination. Results are discussed from an intersectional perspective, which considers societal life course events.
IN THEIR OWN WORDS – HOW STUDENT RESPONSES TO OPEN-ENDED QUESTIONS CAN IMPROVE GERONTOLOGY EDUCATION
Authors: Sadeq Nasreen 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
In gerontology education, we know that there are many benefits to assigning students open-ended questions. They allow students to think more critically and can lead to a better understanding of course concepts. Student responses can also help us identify gerontology topics that are not well understood or need reinforcement, as well as topics that can generate interesting in-class discussions. Examining students’ answers can help us fill the gaps in current gerontology education and improve our teaching practices. In this lecture, I will share how I have used content analysis to examine students’ responses from several assignments, and how I have modified lectures and assignments in response. In addition, I will share how I have added some of these assignments to our general education gerontology courses to help students challenge ageist beliefs and acquire an appreciation for gerontology.
HEALTH AND AGING AMONG LATIN AMERICAN OLDER ADULTS: FINDINGS FROM STUDIES IN BRAZIL, CHILE, COLOMBIA, AND MEXICO
Authors: Osuna Margarita Maria , Ailshire Jennifer 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Aging in Latin America is occurring rapidly, in a context of high levels of poverty, low education and limited knowledge on the health conditions of older adults. This symposium is focused on heath-disparities found in some of Latin America’s largest middle-income countries, Mexico, Brazil, Chile, and Colombia. The symposium explores various health-related topics associated with aging, that may have significant implications for longevity, overall health, and disease risk. The papers in this symposium examine a variety of health-related dimensions and disparities among older Latinos that include major chronic health conditions, such as diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases and cognition. Using data from the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Aging, Farina examines the relationship between childhood conditions and older adult health. Using the Mexican Health and Aging Study (MHAS) and the Health and Retirement study (HRS), Cantu compares cognitive measures and their association with gender in Mexico and the US. Using mortality data, Sandoval studies how healthy life expectancy varies among the largest indigenous group in Chile compared to non-indigenous populations. Lastly, Osuna uses data from the Colombian Survey of Health, Well-Being, and Aging to examine how diseased life expectancy varies from self-reported data compared to measured data among older Colombians. Results underline what populations in Latin American have increased risk of experiencing poorer health outcomes and disparities that may exist. The findings highlight the importance of understanding the conditions under which Latin American older adults are aging and the implications this can have in the future.
ESTIMATING CARDIORESPIRATORY FITNESS USING A USUAL-PACED 400 M–LONG DISTANCE CORRIDOR WALK IN OLDER ADULTS
Authors: Moffit Reagan , Cawthon Peggy , Goodpaster Bret , Toledo Frederico , Forman Daniel , Nicklas Barb , Newman Anne , Glynn Nancy 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) is the gold standard to measure cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), assessed as peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak), yet is not always feasible in older adults due to cost, safety, and participant burden. Usual-paced 400-m Long Distance Corridor Walk (LDCW), a measure of mobility, may be an alternative to traditional CPET. We examined whether usual-paced 400-m LDCW was associated with VO2peak among older adults using cross-sectional data in SOMMA. Participants (N=820, age = 76.2±4.9, 58% women, 86% White) completed a usual-paced 400-m LDCW (seconds) and a treadmill CPET using a modified symptom-limited protocol at baseline. VO2peak (mL/kg/min) was defined as the highest 20-second average O2 consumption achieved during CPET. Mean VO2peak was 20.2±4.8 mL/kg/min and mean usual-paced 400-m LDCW time was 388.8±69.7 seconds. Usual-paced 400-m LDCW time was moderately inversely correlated with VO2peak (r=-0.52, p&lt;0.0001). Potential covariates considered for the step-wise linear regression included age, sex, body mass index (BMI), Borg Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE, range 6-20) at end of usual-paced 400-m LDCW, min/week moderate-vigorous physical activity (MVPA, CHAMPS questionnaire), 4-m gait speed, and Short Physical Performance Battery (range 0-12). The final parsimonious model included usual-paced 400-m LDCW time, age, sex, BMI, RPE, and MVPA. Every 30-second higher usual-paced 400-m LDCW time was associated with a 1.98 mL/kg/min lower VO2peak (p &lt; 0.001), explaining 30.5% of the 55.7% total variance in VO2peak. Usual-paced 400-m LDCW was a strong estimator of CRF (VO2peak) after adjustment, providing an inexpensive and safer alternative among older adults across ranges of physical function and fitness.
FEASIBILITY OF A COMMUNITY-LEVEL PHYSICAL ACTIVITY STRATEGY FOR OLDER ADULTS WITH MOTORIC COGNITIVE RISK SYNDROME
Authors: Reid Kieran 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The motoric cognitive risk syndrome (MCR) is a pre-dementia syndrome characterized by slow walking speeds and subjective memory complaints. To date, the feasibility of a community-based physical activity (PA) program for improving outcomes in MCR has not been examined. To address this knowledge gap, we conducted a translational randomized controlled trial (RCT) of 24-weeks of PA or a healthy aging education (HE) control intervention delivered within the existing infrastructure of an urban senior center in Greater Boston. A senior center employee was trained to administer the multimodal group-based PA program that included moderate-intensity aerobic walking, strength, flexibility and balance training. A total of 79 older adults attended the senior center for a screening visit of whom 25 met the MCR criteria and were randomized to PA or HE (mean age: 74.4 ± 7 yrs; BMI: 32.4 ± 7 kg/m2; 85% female; 3MSE score: 92.4 ± 7; gait speed: 0.52 ± 0.1 m/sec; SPPB score 4.8 ± 1.9). Due to COVID-19 the study was terminated early, however participants successfully completed baseline and follow-up study assessments that included objective tests of physical function and an iPad-based cognitive testing battery. Participants could appropriately adhere to the study interventions (overall attendance rate: PA: 69.3% vs. HE:70.1% at study termination). No study-related adverse events occurred. Trends for improved executive cognitive performance were exhibited in PA compared to HE. Our study provides important preliminary information to aid the design of larger-scale RCTs to preserve the independence of vulnerable older adults with MCR in community-based settings.
SERUM SOLUBLE ALPHA-KLOTHO AND COGNITIVE FUNCTIONING IN OLDER ADULTS AGED 60 AND 79
Authors: Ge Song , Dong Fanghong , Tian Chong , Wei Jingkai 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Objectives
We aimed to examine the association of serum soluble alpha-klotho with cognitive functioning among older adults using a nationally representative sample of U.S. older adults. Method: A total of 2,173 U.S. older adults aged 60-79 years in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011 to 2014 were included. Serum soluble alpha-klotho was measured in the laboratory. Cognitive function was measured using the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s Disease Word Learning subtest (CERAD-WL) immediate and delayed memory, the Animal fluency test (AFT), and the Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST). Test-specific and global cognition z-scores were calculated based on sample means and standard deviations. Multivariable linear regression models were applied to examine the association of quartiles of serum soluble alpha-klotho with test-specific and global cognition z-scores. Subgroup analysis was conducted by sex. The following covariates were included in the analysis- age, sex, race/ethnicity, education, depressive symptoms, smoking status, body mass index (BMI), physical activity, stroke, prevalent coronary heart disease, total cholesterol, and systolic blood pressure.

Results
Serum soluble alpha-klotho level in the lowest quartile was associated with lower z-scores for DSST (beta [β] =-0.13, 95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.25, -0.01). For subgroup analysis, serum soluble alpha-klotho level in the lowest quartile was associated with lower z-scores for DSST (β=-0.16, 95% CI: -0.32, -0.003) and global cognition (β=-0.14, 95% CI: -0.28, -0.01) among female participants. No significant association was found among male participants.

Conclusions
Lower serum soluble alpha-klotho level was associated with poorer cognitive functioning among older women.
LONGITUDINAL USE TRAJECTORIES OF SEDATIVE-HYPNOTICS AND RISK FOR DEMENTIA AMONG MEDICARE BENEFICIARIES
Authors: Kaufmann Christopher , Jones Bobby , Wang Grace Hsin-Min , Fernandes Deanna , Shorr Ronald , Lo-Ciganic Wei-Hsuan 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Research suggests use of sedative-hypnotic medications (Benzodiazepines [BZDs; e.g., diazepam] and non-BZD hypnotics [e.g., zolpidem]) to be associated with incident Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD). We identified longitudinal dose and duration use patterns of these medications and their associations with ADRD risk. This retrospective cohort study used 2016-2018 claims data from a 15% national sample of fee-for-service Medicare beneficiaries and included beneficiaries aged ≥65 years initiating use of a) BZDs only, b) non-BZDs only, or c) BZDs+non-BZDs concurrently. We excluded beneficiaries with ADRD diagnosis 6 months before and 12 months after first BZD/non-BZD prescription date. Based on average weekly diazepam milligram equivalent dose (low: &lt;15, moderate: 15-30, high: &gt;30), we used group-based multi-trajectory models to identify distinct trajectories of BZD/non-BZD use over 12 months after initiation (i.e., trajectory period). We estimated risk of time to first occurrence of ADRD after trajectory period associated with these trajectories using inverse propensity score weighted Cox proportional hazards models. Among 131,574 beneficiaries (mean age=74 years, 68% female, 89% White), we identified 11 trajectories (4 BZD only [78% of cohort], 4 non-BZD only [18%], and 3 concurrent users [4%]). Compared to beneficiaries with low-dose discontinuing non-BZD only use, trajectories associated with an increased risk of ADRD included: stable moderate-dose BZD use with concurrent stable low-dose non-BZD use (HR=2.28, 95%CI=1.62-3.21) and high-dose declining BZD only use (HR=1.57, 95%CI=1.26-1.96). Results highlight a need to assess not only patterns of BZD and non-BZD use alone, but also concurrent use, when considering risk for ADRD.
INDIVIDUAL AND JOINT ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN SLEEP AND PAIN ON MENTAL HEALTH: DIFFERENCES BY WORK STATUS AND OCCUPATION
Authors: Mu Christina , Lee Soomi 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Researchers have posited that healthcare workers (HCWs) are at greater risk of sleep and pain concerns due to their demanding work schedules and stressful workplace environment. Currently, more research is needed to understand the joint associations between sleep and pain and differences by work status and occupation type. This study examined the individual and joint associations between sleep and pain on mental health symptoms by workers (vs. non-workers) and HCWs (vs. non-HCWs). Data came from the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) study (Time 1: 2004-2005; Time 2: 2013-2019). At baseline, 2,894 participants were working (2,640 were not working; n=294 HCWs). Sleep quality, sleep duration, number of pain locations, and pain interference were assessed. Over time, as sleep quality worsened, sleep duration shortened, and the number and interference of pain increased, then depressive and anxiety symptoms increased across all groups. The individual associations of poor sleep or more pain with depressive and anxiety symptoms were stronger among non-workers compared to workers. The relationships between poor sleep or more pain with depressive symptoms was stronger among HCWs compared to non-HCWs, but weaker or not statistically significant when anxiety symptoms was the outcome. There was evidence that the combination of poor sleep characteristics and greater pain exacerbated anxiety symptoms among all groups. Findings show differences in mental health as functions of sleep and pain by work status and HCW status. Evidence of the joint associations of sleep and pain support the interrelated nature of sleep and pain.
EXAMPLES OF ENGAGING HARD-TO-REACH POPULATIONS IN CLINICAL RESEARCH
Authors: Plys Evan , Gerald Melissa 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Individuals, communities, and settings that are systematically and historically under-represented in research are sometimes referred to as “hard-to-reach” populations. Investigators often face additional challenges to engaging hard-to-reach populations, as research commonly occurs in settings or situations where clinical science has not historically taken place. The perspectives of hard-to-reach participants are vital for moving toward health equity. Yet, investigators must be equipped with specific strategies and tools to conduct high-quality clinical research with hard-to-reach populations. In this symposium, a diverse panel of speakers will present examples of research with various hard-to-reach patient populations and settings. The first discusses research targeting socioeconomically disadvantaged short-stay skilled nursing residents and their care-partners. This presentation highlights challenges and solutions for partnership formation, budgeting, recruitment, and engaging community advisors in skilled nursing facilities. The second centers on research with Hispanic families caring for an elder living with dementia. This presentation highlights challenges and solutions for recruitment as well as language translation and cultural adaptation of study materials. The third discusses research with incarcerated older adults and those receiving treatment from outpatient substance use disorder clinics. This presentation highlights challenges and solutions for recruitment, assessment, and adapting protocols in these settings. The final discusses research with adults receiving Hospice care for advanced cancer. This presentation highlights practical, ethical, and cultural considerations for engaging participants in their final months of life. We conclude with a broader discussion of approaching clinical research with hard-to-reach populations, with the ultimate goal of inspiring investigators to enhance the reach of their science.
AGE DIFFERENCES IN THE EFFECTS OF PERIODONTAL TREATMENTS ON ORAL AND METABOLIC HEALTH IN PEOPLE WITH DIABETES
Authors: Zhu Zheng , Qi Xiang , Zheng Yaguang , Pei Yaolin , Wu Bei 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background
This systematic review aims to explore the age differences in the effect of multi-component periodontal treatments on oral and metabolic indicators among individuals with periodontitis and diabetes.

Methods
Six databases were searched from database inception to August 2022. Trials reporting the effects of multi-component periodontal treatments on oral and metabolic indicators among participants aged 18 and above with periodontitis and diabetes were included. We used bivariate and multivariate meta-regression models to examine the association between age and treatment effect size. The primary outcomes were changes in probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c).

Results
A total of 115 trials (119 articles) met inclusion criteria. We found that multi-component periodontal treatment significantly reduce PD (g=0.929, 95% CI [0.689-1.169], I2=94.1%), CAL (g=0.879, 95% CI [0.669-1.089], I2=92.1%), and HbA1c (g=0.603, 95% CI [0.443-0.763], I2=87.5%). A significant decreasing trend was observed in the effect size for PD (P for trend = 0.020) and CAL (P for trend = 0.028) as age increases. Results from multivariate meta-regression showed that age was associated with smaller effects of PD (β [standard error] = -0.123 [0.041], P=0.004) and CAL (-0.159 [0.055], P=0.006). Compared to their younger counterparts, the effect size for HbA1c was smaller among participants aged 55 and older (-0.792 [0.322], P=0.017).

Conclusions
The effect of multi-component periodontal treatments on PD, CAL, and HbA1c may be more effective among younger populations. Our study suggests that tailored interventions are needed to improve oral health and diabetes management for individuals with periodontitis and diabetes.
HEALTH PROMOTION TO PREVENT AND REDUCE COGNITIVE DECLINE IN LATINOS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS
Authors: Weinstein Elliott , Kitaigorodsky Marcela , Behar-Zusman Victoria , Jimenez Daniel 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Older Latinos living with HIV (LWH) are at increased risk for earlier onset of aging-related cognitive decline. HIV-related cognitive impairments are observed in several domains including memory, reasoning/executive functioning, and speed of processing. Depression, a known neurocognitive risk, has been reported at five times the level among older Latinos LWH than in the general population, and older Latinos LWH are more likely to be sedentary, and not as actively engaged in pursuing changes in physical activity compared to their non-Latino White counterparts. Thus, this is a population that is particularly vulnerable to cognitive decline due to multiple risk factors. The aim of this study is to assess feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary intervention effects on cognition of the Happy Older Latinos are Active (HOLA) health promotion intervention. Thirty Latinos living with HIV with a mean age of 61.6 years (SD=6.1) were enrolled in a pilot single-arm trial. Participants were assessed at two time points on measures of cognitive and psychosocial functioning as well as biomarkers of cognition. In 7 months, we met our enrollment target with &lt;5% of eligible participants refusing participation. Participants attended over 70% of sessions and 3 participants were lost to follow up. These results indicate that HOLA is an innovative health promotion program that is uniquely tailored to address the multiple concerns that are prevalent in this community in a non-stigmatizing and culturally acceptable manner.