bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Congregate care for infants and toddlers: Shedding new light on an old question
Authors: Harden Brenda Jones 
Published: October 2002

AbstractWith the advent of the “crack” epidemic and the concurrent decrease in available foster homes for young children, the placement of infants and toddlers in residential congregate care settings has resurfaced in some of the larger urban areas of the United States. Despite the controversy surrounding this type of placement, current research on congregate care settings is almost nonexistent. The present study examines the congregate care facilities that were established in an urban area in the mid‐Atlantic region of the United States, as a response to the placement crisis for young children in foster care. In addition, the study compares the development of a group of children placed in these settings with a group who were placed in foster home settings. Findings suggest that congregate care facilities differ in their appropriateness for young children based on the number of children in the home and the practice philosophy of the group home. The study documented that children reared in foster family homes fared better than their group‐reared counterparts on a variety of variables, including mental development and adaptive skills. In contrast, children reared in congregate care facilities were similar to foster home‐reared children regarding observed and reported behavior problems. Implications of these finding for policies and practices related to congregate care placements are discussed. ©2002 Michigan Association for Infant Mental Health.
Developmental delay in young children in child welfare by initial placement type
Authors: Leslie Laurel K. , Gordon Jeanne N. , Ganger William , Gist Kristin 
Published: October 2002

AbstractEstimates of developmental delay in children in out‐of‐home foster care range from 13–62%. Overlooked in these studies are comparisons of developmental delay differentiated by a child's initial placement type (i.e., biological parent, kinship care, or nonrelative foster care) following evaluation for possible abuse and/or neglect. The developmental status of children residing in these different placement types warrants further scrutiny by clinicians and policy makers, especially due to the recent trend towards family preservation efforts and the growing use of kinship care. Data were collected on 798 children, ages 3–36 months, who were admitted to San Diego's sole emergency shelter/receiving facility from April 1, 1998 through June 30, 1999 for investigation of alleged maltreatment. Children admitted received a physical exam and developmental screening using the Denver Developmental Screening Test (Denver‐II). Sixty two percent of children (491) scored “suspect” on the Denver Developmental Screening Test II (Denver‐II). Of these children, 73% received a developmental evaluation using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development II (Bayley‐II). Over 34% of these children evaluated scored more than 2 standard deviations below the mean on at least one component of the Bayley‐II regardless of placement type. Although children with “suspect” scores on the Denver‐II were more likely to be placed in nonrelative foster care (p< .013), there was no difference between placement types for children with delay on the Bayley‐II. Results for children released to their biological parent(s) should be viewed as preliminary, because these children were less likely to receive an evaluation compared to other children. However, results suggest that young children placed in kinship care are as likely to be developmentally delayed, based on the Bayley‐II, as those children placed in nonrelative foster care. Given concerns in the literature that children in kinship care receive fewer services than children in nonrelative foster care, this finding bears further investigation. ©2002 Michigan Association for Infant Mental Health.
Protective effects of quercetin on ultraviolet A light‐induced oxidative stress in the blood of rat
Authors: Kahraman Ahmet , Inal Mine Erden 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe oxidative effects of ultraviolet A (UVA) light (320–400 nm) and the antioxidant effects of quercetin were examined in rat blood.For this purpose, rats were divided into three groups: control, ultraviolet (UV) and ultraviolet + quercetin (UV + Q). The UV and UV + Q groups were irradiated for 4 h a day with UVA light (1.25 mW cm2) during periods of 3, 6 and 9 days. Quercetin (50 mg kg−1 body wt.) was administered intraperitoneally in the UV + Q group rats before irradiation periods. Blood was taken 3, 6 and 9 days post‐treatment.Plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) levels significantly increased after 9 days of daily exposure to UVA. Whole blood glutathione (GSH) levels significantly declined after 3–9 days of irradiation. Glutathione peroxidase activity on days 6 and 9 and glutathione reductase activities on days 3, 6 and 9 post‐irradiation were diminished significantly. Superoxide dismutase and catalase activities decreased significantly 3–9 days post‐irradiation.The administration of quercetin before the 9‐day period of irradiation significantly reduced the increase in plasma MDA value. Whole blood GSH levels significantly decreased with the administration of quercetin on all days. Quercetin significantly increased antioxidant enzymes diminished by UVA irradiation.Exposure of rats to UVA light leads to oxidative stress, reflected by increased MDA and reduced antioxidant enzyme levels. The administration of quercetin appears to be a useful approach to reduce the damage produced by UVA radiation. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chromatin remodeling, histone modifications, and DNA methylation—how does it all fit together?
Authors: Geiman Theresa M. , Robertson Keith D. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractDNA methylation is important in the control of gene transcription and chromatin structure. The complexities of this process are just beginning to be elucidated in relationship to other epigenetic mechanisms. Exciting new research in the areas of histone methylation and chromatin remodeling make it clear just how important the connections between these various mechanisms and DNA methylation are for the control of chromosome structure and gene expression. Emerging evidence suggests that chromatin remodeling enzymes and histone methylation are essential for proper DNA methylation patterns. Other histone modifications, such as acetylation and phosphorylation, in turn, affect histone methylation and histone methylation also appears to be highly reliant on chromatin remodeling enzymes. This review will summarize what is likely only the beginning of a flood of new information that will ultimately link all epigenetic modifications of the mammalian genome. A model will also be put forth to account for how chromatin modifications lead to genomic DNA methylation patterns. J. Cell. Biochem. 87: 117–125, 2002. Published 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
14‐3‐3σ is a cruciform DNA binding protein and associates in vivo with origins of DNA replication
Authors: Alvarez David , Novac Olivia , Callejo Mario , Ruiz Marcia T. , Price Gerald B. , Zannis‐Hadjopoulos Maria 
Published: October 2002

AbstractA human cruciform binding protein (CBP) was previously shown to bind to cruciform DNA in a structure‐specific manner and be a member of the 14‐3‐3 protein family. CBP had been found to contain the 14‐3‐3 isoforms β, γ, ε, and ζ. Here, we show by Western blot analysis that the CBP‐cruciform DNA complex eluted from band‐shift polyacrylamide gels also contains the 14‐3‐3σ isoform, which is present in HeLa cell nuclear extracts. An antibody specific for the 14‐3‐3σ isoform was able to interfere with the formation of the CBP‐cruciform DNA complex. The effect of the same anti‐14‐3‐3σ antibody in the in vitro replication of p186, a plasmid containing the minimal replication origin of the monkey origin ors8, was also analyzed. Pre‐incubation of total HeLa cell extracts with this antibody decreased p186 in vitro replication to approximately 30% of control levels, while non‐specific antibodies had no effect. 14‐3‐3σ was found to associate in vivo with the monkey origins of DNA replication ors8 and ors12 in a cell cycle‐dependent manner, as assayed by a chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay that involved formaldehyde cross‐linking, followed by immunoprecipitation with anti‐14‐3‐3σ antibody and quantitative PCR. The association of 14‐3‐3σ with the replication origins was maximal at the G1/S phase. The results indicate that 14‐3‐3σ is an origin binding protein involved in the regulation of DNA replication via cruciform DNA binding. J. Cell. Biochem. 87: 194–207, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Update of the AIM2000‐Program for atoms in molecules
Authors: Biegler‐König Friedrich , Schönbohm Jens 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe second version of the program package AIM2000 is presented. AIM2000 makes use of the well established theory of atoms in molecules. AIM2000 analyzes the molecular structure and calculates properties of atoms in molecules as well as properties of interatomic surfaces. The program has an interactive, context‐sensitive help component and extensive 2D and 3D visualization components. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 23: 1489–1494, 2002
Comparative study of metal‐porphyrins, ‐porphyrazines, and ‐phthalocyanines
Authors: Liao Meng‐Sheng , Scheiner Steve 
Published: October 2002

AbstractA theoretical comparative study of complexes of porphyrin (P), porphyrazine (Pz), and phthalocyanine (Pc) with metal (M) = Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, and Zn has been carried out using a DFT method. The calculations provide a clear elucidation of the ground states for the MP/Pz/Pc molecules and for a series of [MP/Pz/Pc]x− and [MP/Pz/Pc]y+ ions (x = 1, 2, 3, 4; y = 1, 2). There are significant differences among MP, MPz, and MPc in the electronic structure and other calculated properties. For FeP/Pz and CoP/Pz, the first oxidation occurs at the central metal, while it is the macroring of FePc and CoPc that is the site of oxidation. The smaller coordination cavity results in a stronger ligand field in Pz than in P. However, the benzo annulation produces a surprisingly strong destabilizing effect on the metal‐macrocycle bonding. The effects of Cl axial bonding upon the electronic structures of the iron(III) complexes of P, Pz, and Pc were examined, as was the bonding of pyridine (py) to NiP, NiPz, and NiPc. The porphinato core size plays a crucial role in controlling the spin state of FeIII in these complexes. FePc(Cl) is predicted to be a pure intermediate‐spin system, whereas NiPz(py)2 and NiPc(py)2 are metastable in high‐spin (S = 1) states. The NiPz/Pc(py)2 binding energy curve has only a shallow well that facilitates decomposition of the complex. The NiP(py)2 bond energy is small, but the relatively deep well in the binding energy curve ought to make this system stable to decomposition. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 23: 1391–1403, 2002
An improved product construction of rotational Steiner quadruple systems
Authors: Ji L. , Zhu L. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractAn improved product construction is presented for rotational Steiner quadruple systems. Direct constructions are also provided for small orders. It is known that the existence of a rotational Steiner quadruple system of order υ+1 implies the existence of an optimal optical orthogonal code of length υ with weight four and index two. New infinite families of orders are also obtained for both rotational Steiner quadruple systems and optimal optical orthogonal codes. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Combin Designs 10: 433–443, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/jcd.10025
New orthogonal designs of order 56
Authors: Evangelaras H. , Georgiou S. , Koukouvinos C. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractAmicable sets of eight matrices are very useful in the construction of orthogonal designs using the Kharaghani array. In this article we use a simple procedure to construct many new amicable sets of eight matrices of order 7 and then new orthogonal designs of order 56. Some of these are restricted to be short amicable sets of two or four circulant matrices.. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Combin Designs 10: 387–393, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/jcd.10030
Superoxide dismutase activities of spermatozoa and seminal plasma are not correlated with male infertility
Authors: Hsieh Yao‐Yuan , Sun Yu‐Ling , Chang Chi‐Chen , Lee Yi‐San , Tsai Horng‐Der , Lin Chich‐Sheng 
Published: October 2002

AbstractAbnormal reactive oxygen species (ROS) production is associated with defective sperm function. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is related with the scavenging of seminal ROS. We aimed to determine the effect of SOD activities of spermatozoa and seminal plasma on sperm quality. Semen samples from infertile couples who consented to the analyses were divided into two groups: 1) normospermia (n = 20); and 2) oligoasthenozoospermia (n = 31). The SOD activities of the spermatozoa and seminal plasma were measured by determining the inhibition of pyrogallol autoxidation. The SOD activities of spermatozoa and seminal plasma in both groups were compared. The relationships between the SOD activities and the sperm qualities were determined. We noted that SOD activities of sperm/seminal plasma in both groups were nonsignificantly different (group 1 vs. 2 = 0.77 ± 0.33/0.84 ± 0.40 U/mg protein for sperm, and 0.66 ± and 0.36/0.83 ± 0.47 U/ml for seminal plasma). SOD activities of sperm/seminal plasma were positively but nonsignificantly correlated with the sperm motility (SOD of sperm = 0.0008 × motility + 0.67; SOD of seminal plasma = 0.0006 × motility + 0.81) and concentration (SOD of sperm = 0.0006 × concentration + 0.67; SOD of seminal plasma = 0.0021 × concentration + 0.73). We concluded that SOD activities of sperm and seminal plasma were nonsignificantly correlated with the seminal quality. It appears that the SOD survey is not a useful tool for determining sperm fertilization potential. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 16:127–131, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparative study of three different mycobacterial antigens with a novel lipopolysaccharide antigen for the serodiagnosis of tuberculosis
Authors: Meena Laxman S. , Goel Seema , Sharma S.K. , Jain N.K. , Banavaliker J.N. , Bedwal R.S. , Singh Yogendra 
Published: October 2002

AbstractDemonstration of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in a smear or culture is the most reliable method for diagnosing tuberculosis (TB). In the last 10 years, several enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) based on mycobacterial antigens (such as antigen 60, 38 kDa antigen, and antigen Kp90) have been used for the rapid diagnosis of TB. In this study, we report the isolation of an immunodominant lipopolysaccharide (LPS) antigen from M. tuberculosis H37Rv, which can be used for the serodiagnosis of TB. The LPS antigen was compared with three commercially available mycobacterium‐specific antigens for the detection of TB. The antigens were evaluated using serum samples obtained from 59 Indian patients (19 patients with active pulmonary TB, 20 with extrapulmonary TB, and 20 with nontuberculous pulmonary disease) and 20 healthy adults. Antigen 60 IgG (sensitivity 89%, specificity 97%) and LPS (sensitivity 84%, specificity 97%) were more sensitive and specific than 38 kDa antigen IgG (sensitivity 79%, specificity 97%) and Kp90 IgA (sensitivity 82%, specificity 40%). These results indicate that the LPS antigen can be used as a sensitive tool for the serodiagnosis of TB and could be utilized to develop an ELISA for the screening of patients for TB. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 16:151–155, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Accelerated stability model for predicting shelf‐life
Authors: T. Magari Robert , P. Murphy Kevin , Fernandez Tracey 
Published: October 2002

AbstractSecond‐ and higher‐order degradation reactions sometimes cannot be approximated with linear or exponential relationships and need to be appropriately modeled. Events above the COULTER® HmX Analyzer white blood cell (WBC) counting threshold were recorded for the HmX PAK reagent system stored at five elevated temperatures. An accelerated stability model for a second‐degree polynomial degradation pattern was used. The shelf‐life of the reagent, along with 95% lower bound confidence intervals, is predicted using the same pattern of degradation as well as the Arrhenius approximation. Experiments indicated that the degradation of the HmX PAK reagent occurred in two phases, the lag phase and the degradation phase, in all tested temperatures. The phase durations are temperature‐dependent, and the Arrhenius approximation is appropriate (P=0.639). The degradation of the reagent during the lag phase was experimentally undetectable. Changes of the reagent were nonsignificant for a predicted period of 164 days at 25°C. The rate of degradation increased significantly later on during the degradation phase. The lower bound of the 95% confidence interval of this prediction indicated that it would take at least 326 days before the HmX PAK reagent would have any performance issue related to aging at storage temperature. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 16:221–226, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Blood group genotyping facilitates transfusion of β‐thalassemia patients
Authors: Castilho Lilian , Rios Maria , Pellegrino Jordão , T.O. Saad Sara , F. Costa Fernando 
Published: October 2002

AbstractWe evaluated the usefulness of blood group genotyping as a supplement to hemagglutination to determine the red blood cell (RBC) antigen profile of polytransfused patients with β‐thalassemia. We selected 10 alloimmunized patients who were receiving antigen‐matched RBCs based on phenotype, and had clinical evidence of delayed hemolytic transfusion reaction. DNA was prepared from blood samples and RH E/e, K1/K2, FY A/FY B, and JK A/JK B alleles were determined by PCR‐RFLP. RH D/non‐D was determined according to the PCR product size associated with the RHD gene sequence in intron 4 and exon 10/3′UTR. RH C/c was tested by multiplex PCR. The phenotypes and genotypes of nine of the 10 samples were discrepant. Five of the discrepancies occurred in the Rh system. One sample was phenotyped as Rhcc and genotyped as RH C/C, and two samples were phenotyped as RhCc and genotyped as RH C/C. Two other samples were phenotyped as RhEe and genotyped as RH e/e. Three samples had discrepancies in the Kidd system with phenotype Jk(a+b+) and were genotyped as homozygous for JK B. One sample had a discrepancy in the Duffy system: it was phenotyped as Fy(a+b−) and homozygous for FY B. Genotyping was very important in determining the true blood groups of many polytransfused patients with β‐thalassemia, and it assisted in the identification of suspected alloantibodies and the selection of antigen‐negative RBCs for transfusion. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 16:216–220, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Evaluation of a new automated enzyme fluoroimmunoassay using recombinant plasmid dsDNA for the detection of anti‐dsDNA antibodies in SLE
Authors: Villalta D. , Bizzaro N. , Corazza D. , Tozzoli R. , Tonutti E. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractELISA methods to detect anti‐double‐stranded DNA (anti‐dsDNA) antibodies are highly sensitive, but are less specific for the diagnosis of SLE than the immunofluorescence test on Crithidia luciliae (CLIFT) and the Farr assay because they also detect low‐avidity antibodies. This study evaluated the specificity, sensitivity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of a new automated fluoroimmunoassay (EliA dsDNA; Pharmacia, Freiburg, Germany). We compared the results with those obtained using a commercial CLIFT and an in‐house anti‐dsDNA IgG ELISA method, and verified its putative ability to detect only high‐avidity anti‐dsDNA antibodies. Sera from 100 SLE patients and 120 controls were studied. The control group included 20 healthy donors, 70 patients with other rheumatic diseases (32 systemic sclerosis (SSc); 18 primary Sjögren syndrome (pSS), 20 rheumatoid arthritis (RA)), and 30 patients with various infectious diseases (ID). Anti‐dsDNA avidity was estimated using an ELISA method based upon the law of mass action, and a simplified Scatchard plot analysis for data elaboration; the apparent affinity constant (Kaa) was calculated and expressed as arbitrary units (L/U). Sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV for SLE were 64%, 95.8%, 93.8% and 72.7%, respectively, for the EliA anti‐dsDNA assay; 55%, 99.2%, 98.5%, and 68.8%, respectively, for the CLIFT; and 64%, 93.3%, 90.6%, and 72.3%, respectively, for the in‐house ELISA. Although EliA anti‐dsDNA was positive mainly in SLE patients with high‐ (Kaa>80 L/U) and intermediate‐ (Kaa 30–80 L/U) avidity antibodies (45.3% and 49.9%, respectively), it was also positive in five (7.8%) SLE patients with low‐avidity anti‐dsDNA antibodies, and five controls (three SSc, one pSS, and one ID) (mean Kaa = 16.4 ± 9.04 L/U). In conclusion, EliA anti‐dsDNA assay showed a higher sensitivity than the CLIFT, and a good specificity and PPV for SLE. Its putative ability to detect only high‐avidity anti‐dsDNA antibodies remains questionable. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 16:227–232, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Reference distributions for serum iron and transferrin saturation: A comparison of a large cohort to the world's literature
Authors: F. Ritchie Robert , E. Palomaki Glenn , M. Neveux Louis , Navolotskaia Olga , B. Ledue Thomas , Y.Craig Wendy 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe appropriate clinical use of serum iron and transferrin saturation (TSAT) requires satisfactory reference intervals from birth to old age, and for males and females. This study identified 54 publications from 1974 to 2001 that met the criteria used in three prior meta‐analyses, and these were analyzed statistically. A summary of our review is presented along with our reference population data on these measurements. This analysis places previous publications in perspective and suggests possible reasons for the observed differences. Previous studies of the individual analytes, serum iron, transferrin, and TSAT values agree with the reference ranges presented in this study, although the entire experience over time and between sexes has not been available before. Our 95% reference ranges are somewhat broader than those of the smaller studies, but they agree well with those of the larger ones. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 16:246–252, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Outcomes management, expected treatment response, and severity‐adjusted provider profiling in outpatient psychotherapy
Authors: Lutz Wolfgang , Martinovich Zoran , Howard Kenneth I. , Leon Scott C. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractTo make use of psychotherapy research in practice, therapists need real‐time access to valid clinically relevant information about patients. The dose–effect and phase models of psychotherapy provide a theoretical background for empirically based psychotherapy management by describing the systematic nature of progress in therapy and guiding the selection of outcome criteria. Given this theoretical background, it is possible to derive appropriate models for monitoring cases in ongoing therapies (patient profiling) and identifying therapists' relative strengths and weaknesses (severity‐adjusted provider profiling). These applied methods may be used to inform decision making in ongoing psychotherapies and to support supervision and clinical training. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 58: 1291–1304, 2002.