bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
European integration and monetary transmission mechanisms: the case of Italy
Authors: Juselius Katarina 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe focus in this paper is on the monetary transmission mechanism in Italy and how it has changed with the increased independence of the Italian Central Bank and the increasingly fixed exchange rates of the ERM. The sample period 1974–1994 is divided into two parts approximately corresponding to the different systems. Based on a VAR model for money, income, prices, and interest rates the cointegration properties of the data in nominal and real terms are analysed. Long‐run price homogeneity is empirically rejected and the economic and econometric consequences for a real money analysis are described. Altogether we find little evidence that the use of M2 and the short interest rate as intermediate targets has effectively controlled price inflation in this period. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An I(2) analysis of inflation and the markup
Authors: Banerjee Anindya , Cockerell Lynne , Russell Bill 
Published: September 2002

AbstractAn I(2) analysis of Australian inflation and the markup is undertaken within an imperfect competition model. It is found that the levels of prices and costs are best characterized as integrated of order 2 and that a linear combination of the levels (which may be defined as the markup) cointegrates with price inflation. From the empirical analysis we obtain a long‐run relationship where higher inflation is associated with a lower markup and vice versa. The impact in the long run of inflation on the markup is interpreted as the cost to firms of overcoming missing information when adjusting prices in an inflationary environment. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Finite sample improvements in statistical inference with I(1) processes
Authors: Marinucci D. , Robinson P. M. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractRobinson and Marinucci (1998) investigated the asymptotic behaviour of a narrow‐band semiparametric procedure termed Frequency Domain Least Squares (FDLS) in the broad context of fractional cointegration analysis. Here we restrict discussion to the standard case when the data are I(1) and the cointegrating errors are I(0), proving that modifications of the Fully Modified Ordinary Least Squares (FM‐OLS) procedure of Phillips and Hansen (1990) which use the FDLS idea have the same asymptotically desirable properties as FM‐OLS, and, on the basis of a Monte Carlo study, find evidence that they have superior finite‐sample properties. The new procedures are also shown to compare satisfactorily with parametric estimates. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modelling UK inflation, 1875–1991
Authors: Hendry David F. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractUK inflation has varied greatly in response to many economic policy and exchange‐rate regime shifts, two world wars and two oil crises, as well as legislative and technological changes. Inflation is modelled as responding to excess demands from all sectors of the economy: goods and services, factors of production, money, financial assets, foreign exchange, and government deficits. Equilibrium‐correction terms are developed for each of these over the sample. Indicator variables and commodity prices capture turbulent years. Variables representative of most theories of inflation matter empirically, yielding an eclectic model inconsistent with any ‘single‐cause’ explanation. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Influence of cosolvents and in situ forming hydroxyapatite on the mechanical characteristics of collagen films
Authors: Ho Hsiu‐O , Tsai Tsuimin , Liu Chia‐Ming , Sheu Ming‐Thau 
Published: September 2002

AbstractCollagen was processed into films in mixtures containing various ratios of water, propylene glycol, and ethanol. An experimental mixture design was applied to characterize the effects of individual solvents and their interactions on the mechanical properties of collagen films. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to examine the surface properties of collagen films. The ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and related characteristics of collagen films were also evaluated with dynamic mechanical analysis. The effect of in situ forming hydroxyapatite (HAP) within collagen films at a concentration of 10 mM on the physical characteristics of these films was evaluated by the same methods. With X‐ray and SEM examinations, it was confirmed that HAP was formed inside the collagen film. However, the UTS of collagen films without HAP was 4–5 times higher than that with HAP. This was probably due to the discontinuity of the film structure caused by HAP in the collagen films. The results of a statistical analysis of the experimental design revealed the influence of the solvent mixtures on the mechanical properties of the collagen films with and without HAP, showing similar responses for the UTS and modulus of elasticity. Both parameters showed a maximal response in the solvent range containing a lower percentage of ethanol with the desired percentage of propylene glycol to plasticize the collagen films. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 62: 22–29, 2002
Behavior of dense and porous hydroxyapatite implants and tissue response in rat femoral defects
Authors: Andrade J.C.T. , Camilli J.A. , Kawachi E.Y. , Bertran C.A. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractPorous and dense hydroxyapatite cylinders (PHA and DHA) were implanted into cavities produced in rat femora and the sites of implantation were examined at different times over a period of 24 weeks by microradiologic and histological techniques. Microradiographs showed the presence of a layer of trabecular bone around the implants, which became more radiopaque and thinner along the experimental time. The microradiologic methodology used was suitable for the evaluation of the interface between hydroxyapatite and newly formed bone in nondecalcified materials. Microscopic observations showed that young bone grew over the surface of both types of implants after 1 and 2 weeks of surgery and that bone also grew inside PHA implants. Progressive bone absorption was observed in both types of implants after the fourth week. A layer of fibrous tissue was formed in the interface between new bone and DHA. Mature bone with haversian systems surrounded DHA implants and filled the pores of PHA implants throughout the experimental period. The pores of PHA implants were smaller than those commonly reported, which should have been a disadvantage, although it was observed that the extra cellular fluid induced disintegration of the ceramic granules, allowing the gradual growth of bone tissue into the spaces among them, without the interposition of fibrous tissue. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 62: 30–36, 2002
Raman and IR studies on adsorption behavior of adhesive monomers in a metal primer for Au, Ag, Cu, and Cr surfaces
Authors: Suzuki Masako , Yamamoto Masato , Fujishima Akihiro , Miyazaki Takashi , Hisamitsu Hisashi , Kojima Katsunori , Kadoma Yoshinori 
Published: September 2002

Abstract6‐[N‐(4‐vinylbenzyl)propylamino]‐1,3,5‐triazine‐2,4‐dithione (VBATDT) and 10‐methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate (M10P) are functional monomers used for the surface treatment of dental alloys. The aim of our study was to clarify the role of a commercial metal primer containing both the monomers in adhesion between resin and various dental metals on a molecular level. We used surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) and infrared reflection absorption (IRA) spectroscopy. An SERS measurement was performed with a 647 nm laser line for a mixture of aqueous Au colloid and the primer. IRA spectra were taken for cast films of the primer on Au, Ag, Cu, and Cr surfaces as a function of rinse time, and for self‐assembled monolayer (SAM) films from dilute mixed solution of VBATDT and M10P. These spectra indicate that VBATDT in the primer is mainly chemisorbed on Au, Ag, and Cu surfaces with respect to thickness, whereas only M10P is adsorbed on Cr. We also examined the tensile bond strengths between resin and Au, Ag, Cu, and Cr plates treated by VBATDT, with and without M10P, and found that VBATDT effectively promotes the bond strength between resin and the metals except for Cr, whereas M10P is effective only for Cr. These adhesion characteristics are consistent with the chemisorbed species on each metal surface as shown in the spectroscopic evidence. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 62: 37–45, 2002
The influence of culture conditions on extracellular matrix proteins synthesized by osteoblasts derived from rabbit bone marrow
Authors: Cornet François , Anselme Karine , Grard Thierry , Rouahi Myriam , Noël Benoit , Hardouin Pierre , Jeanfils Joseph 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe influence of culture conditions on the extracellular matrix (ECM) protein expressions of rabbit bone marrow stromal cells has been studied. The focus was on the effects of two kinds of sera, fetal calf serum (FCS) and Ultroser®, on cells treated with dexamethasone. The induction of osteoblastic differentiation by dexamethasone addition is confirmed, particularly when cells are cultured in FCS. Bone marrow stromal cells produce alkaline phosphatase positive CFU‐F and produce ECM with some mineralized nodules. Analysis by means of two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis showed important changes in the composition of ECM proteins after dexamethasone treatment. Overexpression, underexpression, and new synthesized proteins were observed. The most significant modification was linked to the synthesis of four new proteins visible in the acidic area with a low molecular weight of around 17 kDa. These proteins did not correspond to those ECM proteins known to be induced by dexamethasone. Moreover, the effect of dexamethasone on osteoblastic differentiation induction appears very limited when cells are cultured in Ultroser® compared to FCS. The protein pattern with Ultroser® is different to that obtained with FCS. Cells cultured in Ultroser® synthesized no new protein. The different behavior of cells according to the type of medium used is discussed in terms of the osteogenic factors present in the two different sera. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res (Appl Biomater) 63: 400–407, 2002
Surface structure study of biological calcium phosphate apatite crystals from human tooth enamel
Authors: Brès E. F. , Hutchison J. L. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractA surface‐structure study of human tooth enamel crystals has been carried out by high‐resolution electron microscopy (HREM). The surfaces of several crystals have been examined and the surfaces of a single crystal are described here. The observations made on this crystal are similar to the observations made on the other crystals, although the difference of morphology in the crystals observed indicates that the growth control by matrix proteins takes only place on the {011¯0} surfaces of the crystals. The crystal described here is oriented along the [112¯0] direction, and the following surfaces have been analyzed: (11¯00), (011¯1), (01¯11) and (0001). A subsurface reconstruction is observed just below the surface of the crystal not bonded to the matrix and lying above the supporting film. Observation of the matrix surrounding the crystal shows the existence of poorly crystalline phases with a structure close to that of hydroxyapatite (OHAP). Finally, a comparison of the images of the (011¯0) surface with computer‐simulated images calculated for several models of the OHAP surface structure shows that the surface itself is stoichiometric and contains both calcium and phosphate groups. The knowledge of the binding sites of proteins on biomineral crystals such as the ones found in human tooth enamel is of prime importance for the understanding of their growth process. In this study, the first structure determination of the surface of human tooth enamel crystals is presented. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res (Appl Biomater) 63: 433–440, 2002
Model of the mechanism of Ca loss by bones under microgravity and earth conditions
Authors: Suvorova Elena I. , Buffat Philippe A. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractA comparative characterization of crystal structure, morphology, sizes, and orientation in Ca phosphate precipitation from aqueous solutions, the mineral phase in bones, and mineral deposits on cardiac valves has been performed by high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy to model possible mechanisms of Ca loss by bones. Physiological changes occurring in organisms can lead to deep perturbations of the natural calcium phosphate supersaturation and its local distribution, which in turn influences the phase composition, morphology, and organization of the mineral phase. Formation of crystals with larger size or of two distinct phases instead of the single hydroxyapatite one can result in the deterioration of the Ca balance in bone and tissue destruction as well as the possible misorientation (or spread of orientation) between HAP crystals newly formed in the bone. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res (Appl Biomater) 63: 424–432, 2002
The effect of the monomer‐to‐powder ratio on the material properties of acrylic bone cement
Authors: Belkoff Stephen M. , Sanders Janis C. , Jasper Louis E. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe procedure percutaneous vertebroplasty consists of injecting polymethylmethacrylate cement into vertebral bodies for the treatment of osteoporotic compression fractures and tumors of the spine. Clinicians practicing vertebroplasty commonly alter the mixture of monomer‐to‐powder recommended by the manufacturer in an effort to decrease viscosity and increase the working time. The purpose of the current study was to measure the effect of varying the monomer‐to‐powder ratio on the compressive material properties (compressive modulus, yield stress, and ultimate compressive strength) of the cement Simplex P (Stryker‐Howmedica‐Osteonics, Rutherford, NJ). Cylindrical specimens were prepared using monomer‐to‐powder ratios of 0.45 to 1.00 mL/g and tested in compression. Peak compressive material properties occurred at the mixture ratio recommended by the manufacturer (0.5 mL/g) but decreased as the ratio of monomer to powder was increased. The material properties of specimens cured for 1 hour were significantly less than those for specimens cured for 24 hours. The monomer‐to‐powder ratio affects the compressive material properties of cement. The clinical significance of these results with respect to vertebroplasty is yet to be determined. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res (Appl Biomater) 63: 396–399, 2002
Molecular mechanical models for organic and biological systems going beyond the atom centered two body additive approximation: aqueous solution free energies of methanol and N‐methyl acetamide, nucleic acid base, and amide hydrogen bonding and chloroform/water partition coefficients of the nucleic acid bases
Authors: Cieplak Piotr , Caldwell James , Kollman Peter 
Published: September 2002

AbstractWe have developed a methodology to derive RESP charges for molecular mechanical models that include “lone pairs” on lone‐pair donor sites and atom‐centered polarizabilities. This approach uses a very high level ab initio cc‐pVTZ basis set,1 where the multipole moments of the molecules are as accurate as possible. The partial charges are derived self‐consistently so that the model, whose electrostatic potential comes from both partial charges and induced dipoles, reproduces the quantum mechanical electrostatic potential. We then study the ability of such models to reproduce the aqueous solvation free energy of methanol and N‐methyl acetamide (NMA), the base pair hydrogen bonding of the 26 base pairs analyzed by Hobza et al. and the chloroform/water partition coefficients of the five N‐methyl substituted nucleic acid bases. The base pair H‐bond energies are described as well as the atom centered additive model, after modifying the van der Waals parameter on the NH to give reasonable base pair H‐bond distances. The experimental solvation free energies (gas→water) of methanol and NMA are well described, and the water/CHCl3 partition coefficients are improved over the additive model, without any parameter changes. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Comput Chem 22: 1048–1057, 2001
A hybrid QM/MM method employing real space grids for QM water in the TIP4P water solvents
Authors: Takahashi H. , Hori T. , Hashimoto H. , Nitta T. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractA novel hybrid quantum mechanical (QM)/molecular mechanical (MM) approach that employs the real‐space grids for the QM subsystem is proposed for investigating chemical reactions in an aqueous condensed phase. All of the Hamiltonian matrix elements including electric fields formed by the point charges on MM waters is represented in the real space. Details of the practical implementations are presented. The solute polarization, solvation structure, and the solvation energy of a water are computed, and the results are compared with those obtained by experiments and other QM/MM approaches that used the LCAO basis. It is shown that the real‐space grid QM/MM method is adequate and superior for the description of the polarization of QM water in a water solution as well as in the gas phase. Solvation structures of classical water solvents are also properly reproduced by this method. Further, parallelization of the code is implemented on a distributed memory architecture, and it is demonstrated that the real‐space grid approach is suitable for the high‐performance parallel computing due to the localization of Hamiltonian operations in the real space. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Comput Chem 22: 1252–1261, 2001
Multicanonical parallel simulations of proteins with continuous potentials
Authors: Hayryan Shura , Hu Chin‐Kun , Hu Shun‐Yun , Shang Rung‐Ji 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe determination of the three‐dimensional (3D) structure of a protein or peptide is a very important research problem in biological and medical sciences. Anfinsen's experiments (Science 1973, 181, 223) on renaturation of denatured proteins have shown that the native 3D structure of a (small) protein at low (room) temperatures is uniquely determined by its amino acid sequence, which suggests that it might be possible to determine the 3D structure of a protein from its amino acid sequence by pure computations. As a step toward that goal, in this article we present a simple approach for parallelization of multicanonical Monte Carlo simulations of proteins with continuous potentials. Our method is based on the parallel calculation of the protein energy function. The algorithm is tested by simulated annealing and multicanonical simulations of two small peptides, and known results are reproduced accurately. An acceptable degree of parallelization can be achieved in the simulation of Protein L using up to 30 PCs. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Comput Chem 22: 1287–1296, 2001
p21 gene codon 31 arginine/serine polymorphism: Non‐association with endometriosis
Authors: Hsieh Yao‐Yuan , Tsai Fuu‐Jen , Chang Chi‐Chen , Chen Wen‐Chi , Tsai Chang‐Hai , Tsai Horng‐Der , Lin Cheng‐Chieh 
Published: September 2002

Abstractp21, an important regulator of the cell cycle, acts as a mediator of the growth‐suppressing and ‐promoting functions of p53. We aimed to investigate the association between codon 31 polymorphisms of p21 gene and endometriosis. Women were divided into two groups: endometriosis (n = 102) and nonendometriosis (n = 119). The gene polymorphism for p21 codon 31 involved a base change from AGC to AGA and amino acid changes from serine (Ser) to arginine (Arg). Polymorphisms (Ser homozygotes, heterozygotes, Arg homozygotes) between both groups were detected and compared. Associations between the endometriosis and polymorphisms were evaluated. The results revealed that the distributions of different p21 polymorphisms in both groups were nonsignificantly different. The proportions of Ser homozygote/heterozygote/Arg homozygote in endometriosis and nonendometriois populations were 26.5/48.0/25.5% and 17.6/50.4/31.9%, respectively. We concluded the noncorrelation between the endometriosis and the p21 codon 31 polymorphism. p21 gene codon 31 arginine/serine polymorphism is not a useful marker for prediction of endometriosis susceptibility. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 15:184–187, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Semi‐quantitative analysis of cytokine mRNA expression induced by the herbal medicine Sho‐saiko‐to (TJ‐9) using a Gel Doc system
Authors: Huang Xian‐Xi , Yamashiki Masayoshi , Nakatani Kaname , Nobori Tsutomu , Mase Akihito 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe RT‐PCR method was employed to determine the cytokine mRNA expression of human peripheral lymphocytes induced by the Japanese herbal medicine Sho‐saiko‐to (TJ‐9). The results showed that the mRNA expression of IL‐12, IL‐1β, IL‐10, TNF‐α, G‐CSF, and IFN‐γ increased after 6 hr in culture. This is the first reported finding that TJ‐9 is an IFN‐γ inducer. Next, cytokine mRNA expression was semi‐quantitatively measured using the Gel Doc system with a CCD camera and then statistically analyzed in order to determine which component of TJ‐9 was the true cytokine inducer. The results showed that the scutellaria root is the main component inducing the cytokines, while the glycyrrhiza root is the secondary component. When the cytokine concentrations in the supernatants of cell cultures were measured by ELISA, the levels of IL‐12, IL‐1β, IL‐10, TNF‐α, and G‐CSF reflected mRNA expression levels in the cell fraction. However, the level of IFN‐γ was below the detectable limit. The effects of various reagents on many different kinds of cytokine mRNA expression could be analyzed objectively in a short time using the Gel Doc system. Many important findings could be demonstrated by this simple, easy, sensitive, and cheap method. After the clinical significance of cytokine analysis is confirmed, this method may become a useful clinical examination tool. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 15:199–209, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR): Information processing in the treatment of trauma
Authors: Shapiro Francine , Maxfield Louise 
Published: September 2002

AbstractEye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) is an efficacious and efficient treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This article provides a brief overview of the findings of 20 controlled‐outcome studies and describes Shapiro's Adaptive Information Processing model. This model posits that pathology results when distressing experiences are processed inadequately and hypothesizes that EMDR accelerates information processing, resulting in the adaptive resolution of traumatic memories. A detailed description of the eight phases of treatment highlights the procedures, assumptions, and clinical observations that currently guide EMDR clinical practice. A case study, with an in‐session transcript, illustrates the application of EMDR to address the past events that have laid the groundwork for dysfunction, the present circumstances that elicit distress, and skills acquisition needed for adaptive functioning. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol/In Session 58: 933–946, 2002.