bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
HMB‐45 may be a more sensitive maker than S‐100 or Melan‐A for immunohistochemical diagnosis of primary oral and nasal mucosal melanomas
Authors: Yu Chuan‐Hang , Chen Huang‐Hsu , Liu Chia‐Ming , Jeng Yung‐Ming , Wang Jeng‐Tzung , Wang Yi‐Ping , Liu Bu‐Yuan , Sun Andy , Chiang Chun‐Pin 
Published: September 2005

Background:  Primary mucosal melanomas (MMs) of the head and neck are a rare entity. Melanomas with characteristic melanin‐pigmented tumor cells are easy to diagnose, but those without melanin‐pigmented tumor cells, amelanotic melanomas, are difficult to identify and need immunohistochemistry (IHC) to confirm the final diagnosis. In this study, we examined the expression of three melanocytic differentiation markers, HMB‐45, S‐100, and Melan‐A in primary oral and nasal MMs. We tried to evaluate whether HMB‐45, S‐100, and Melan‐A were useful for diagnosis of primary oral and nasal MMs and to find out which marker was the best of the three.Methods:  This study used IHC to examine the expression of HMB‐45, S‐100, and Melan‐A in 17 formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded specimens of primary oral and nasal MMs. The staining intensities (SIs) and labeling indices (LIs) of HMB‐45, S‐100, and Melan‐A in 17 MMs were calculated and compared between any two markers.Results:  Immunostaining results showed that the positive rate was 94% (16 of 17) for HMB‐45, 88% (15 of 17) for S‐100, and 71% (12 of 17) for Melan‐A in 17 MMs. The SI of HMB‐45 was significantly higher than that of S‐100 (P = 0.0011) or of Melan‐A (P = 0.0034). In addition, the mean LI of Melan‐A (59 ± 43%) was significantly lower than that of HMB‐45 (83 ± 28%, P = 0.0065) or of S‐100 (79 ± 33%, P = 0.0237).Conclusions:  Our results indicate that both HMB‐45 and S‐100 show a high positive rate and LI in MMs and therefore may be good markers for immunohistochemical diagnosis of primary oral and nasal MMs. In addition, HMB‐45 may be a more sensitive marker than S‐100 because HMB‐45 shows a significantly higher SI than S‐100 in this study.
Electrophoretically separation of the synovial fluid proteins in rabbit temporomandibular arthritis induced by mechanical loading
Authors: Fujimura K. , Kobayashi S. , Yoshitake Y. , Tsuruoka N. , Kaneyama K. , Segami N. 
Published: September 2005

Background:  The concentration of protein in synovial fluid (SF) of temporomandibular joints (TMJs) with disorders tends to be increased. We investigated the protein composition of SF of rabbits in which arthritis of the TMJ was induced.Method:  Arthritis was induced in six TMJs in six rabbits by exertion of a load for 4 weeks. Six non‐loaded TMJs in six rabbits served as controls. The protein concentration and content in TMJ SF of the two groups were compared.Results:  The mean protein concentration was higher in the SF of the loaded group than in that of the non‐loaded group (1824 μg/ml vs. 398 μg/ml, P = 0.002). Proteins with molecular weights of more than 95 kDa were abundant in the loaded group (P < 0.05).Conclusion:  Temporomandibular arthritis induced by mechanical loading in rabbit is accompanied by an increase in the abundance of relatively high molecular weight proteins in SF.
Cytokeratin expression patterns for distinction of odontogenic keratocysts from dentigerous and radicular cysts
Authors: Stoll Christian , Stollenwerk Carolin , Riediger Dieter , Mittermayer Christian , Alfer Joachim 
Published: September 2005

Background: The clinical outcome of treatment of odontogenic cysts differs depending on separate entities. Particular clinical relevance must be attached to the distinction between odontogenic keratocysts, which have an evident tendency to recur, and other odontogenic cysts. The aim of this study was to evaluate cytokeratin (CK) expression patterns as an additional tool for characterization of different cysts as the histomorphologic appearance often is not decisive.Methods: Thirty cases of dentigerous and radicular cysts respectively as well as 15 cases of odontogenic keratocysts were considered. Expression of CK 5/6, 7, 10, 13, 17, 19 and 20 was determined in addition to Ki‐67 immunohistochemically.Results: Expression of CK 17 was discernible in 93.3% of the odontogenic keratocysts, but only in 35.0% of dentigerous and radicular cysts under study (P < 0.001). CK 19 could be detected in 48.3% of dentigerous and radicular cysts, whereas odontogenic keratocysts were completely negative (P < 0.002).Conclusion: Immunohistochemical detection of CK 17 and 19 seems to be a valuable additional parameter distinguishing between odontogenic keratocysts and other odontogenic – especially dentigerous – cysts which clinically are likely the most significant differential diagnoses in this context.
Development of the Nursing Outcome (NOC) Label: Hyperactivity Level
Authors: Caldwell Carol L. , Wasson Dianne , Anderson Mary Ann , Brighton Veronica , Dixon Lois 
Published: September 2005

TOPIC: Hyperactivity, a persistent, severe pattern of inattention or impulsivity, places children at risk for impaired functioning in many developmental areas. This behavior is characterized by short attention span, low frustration tolerance, impulsivity, distractibility, and increased physical activity. Responses from multiple sources in the child's environment must be monitored to manage childhood hyperactivity.PURPOSE: Success at school, in peer relationships, and parent‐child interactions is frequently affected by hyperactivity. Using a focus group approach, a Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC) label, definition, and indicators were developed for Hyperactivity Level.SOURCES: Review of the literature allowed for a content analysis approach and conceptualization of hyperactivity at several levels.CONCLUSION: Twenty three (23) measurable indicators were formulated and refined into conceptually and clinically coherent outcomes. Clinical relevance and utility were presented through a case study approach.
Patterns of Treatment Services and Costs for Young Offenders with Mental Disorders
Authors: Shelton Deborah 
Published: September 2005

PROBLEM:  This study describes mental health treatment service delivery patterns and costs for youth in a juvenile justice system. METHODS:  A secondary data analysis on a random sample of juvenile offenders (N = 312) was completed. Service patterns and costs were described. Selected variables were examined for their ability to predict who received treatment.FINDINGS:  Only 23% of youth diagnosed with a mental disorder received any treatment. Older youth and African American youth received fewer services, and race was the only significant predictor for receiving treatment (p = .001).CONCLUSIONS:  Mental health treatment services were scarce, and the data reflects a race bias in the provision of services. Although the law protects the right to treatment for these individuals, provision of services remains a challenge.
Disclosing the Details of Child Sexual Abuse: Can Imaginative Literature Help Ease the Suffering?
Authors: Harrison Elizabeth 
Published: September 2005

PROBLEM:  Research indicates that full disclosure of the events surrounding child sexual abuse, while therapeutic, is often difficult to achieve. METHODS:  A nonconventional research approach was employed in order to examine more closely the lived experience of these children. Two novels were analyzed using close reading. FINDINGS:  Details of the events and resultant dehumanization of the children were uncovered, as well as the rescuing role of the ancestor. Writing emerged also as a therapeutic tool that facilitated disclosure and helped to promote healing. Conclusions:  The analysis of imaginative literature enables the reader to examine sensitive topics like sexual abuse and contributes to its treatment.
Using Dance/Movement Therapy to Augment the Effectiveness of Therapeutic Holding with Children
Authors: Lundy Heather , McGuffin Patrick 
Published: September 2005

PROBLEM:  Therapeutic holding is a commonly used tool for the containment of aggressive behavior in children. Although often effective, the intervention has inherent physical and emotional safety risks. Can a body‐based therapy be used to limit these risks?METHODS:  Research was conducted incorporating dance/movement therapy techniques (D/MT) before and after therapeutic holding to investigate this question. Volunteer residential treatment center staff participated in a 4‐hour D/MT‐based training workshop integrating the techniques with the intervention. Children participated via self‐report.FINDINGS:  D/MT training increased adult awareness, sensitivity, perspective shifting ability, and confidence in the intervention while decreasing the necessity for physicality.CONCLUSION:  Integrating D/MT therapy training with therapeutic holding decreased the threat of trauma to adult participants. Further research into the integration of D/MT techniques with safe holding procedures may prove helpful in the challenge of making restraints safer for both children and adults.
QUANTIFICATION OF FLUX DECLINE OF DEPECTINIZED MOSAMBI (CITRUS SINENSIS[L.] OSBECK) JUICE USING UNSTIRRED BATCH ULTRAFILTRATION
Authors: RAI P. , MAJUMDAR G.C. , DASGUPTA S. , DE S. 
Published: September 2005

ABSTRACT Ultrafiltration of enzymatically treated mosambi (Citrus sinensis [L.] Osbeck) juice was performed in a batch, unstirred membrane cell. Thin film composite polyamide membrane of molecular weight cut‐off 50,000 was used. The flux‐decline mechanism was identified by the growth of a gel‐type layer over the membrane surface. The flux decline, the gel resistance, the gel‐layer thickness and various domains of resistances were calculated at a constant pressure difference in the range of 276–552 kPa. The conventional gel‐filtration theory was employed to analyze the flux‐decline behavior. The calculated permeate flux and gel‐layer resistances were consistent with the experimental results. The calculated gel‐layer thickness varied from 4.12 to 74.1 µm for different operating condition (pressure) and time. The time at which the gel resistance becomes equal to the membrane‐hydraulic resistance ranged from 13 to 31 s for the pressure range studied herein. Thus, the deposited layer resistance to permeate flow was substantial, throughout the whole operation, except in the first few seconds.
THERMAL TRANSPORT IN A MULTIPLE JET IMPINGEMENT OVEN
Authors: KOCER D. , KARWE M.V. 
Published: September 2005

ABSTRACTThree‐dimensional numerical simulation of flow field and heat transfer in a jet impingement oven with multiple jets was carried out. Distribution of local heat transfer coefficient on a model cookie in the oven cavity was obtained from the predicted flow and temperature fields, and compared with the experimentally measured values. Effects of air temperature (400, 450K) and air velocity (2.5, 5, 10 m/s), on the surface heat transfer coefficient were studied. Numerical predictions showed good agreement with the experimental results.It was found that heat transfer coefficient was a strong function of air velocity while air temperature had no effect on the heat transfer coefficient. Local heat transfer coefficient values ranged between 11 and 66 W/m2K whereas average heat transfer coefficient values ranged between 24 and 42 W/m2K. Results also showed that because of the presence of the suction fan in the oven, flow field near the model cookie surface was quite different from that for a jet impinging on a flat surface.
ESTIMATION OF MOISTURE LOSS FROM THE COOLING DATA OF POTATOES
Authors: CHOURASIA M.K. , MAJI PRASENJIT , BASKEY AMIT , GOSWAMI T.K. 
Published: September 2005

ABSTRACT A procedure was developed to predict moisture loss from cooling data of potato packed in gunny bags and stacked on wooden platforms in commercial cold stores. To predict the moisture loss, mass transfer coefficients kcand kmwere estimated during the storage period, which were found to decrease with time. The calculated time average kcand kmvalues were 1.83 × 10−4 m/s and 2.31 × 10−10 kg/s·m2·Pa during the transient cooling period and 1.59 × 10−4 m/s and 2.27 × 10−10 kg/s·m2·Pa for the rest of the storage period, respectively. The estimated moisture losses were 4.8, 4.74 and 4.78%, at the center of three different stacks, for a storage period of 8 months. The corresponding experimentally measured weight losses at the center of the same stacks were 5.2, 5.1 and 5.26% with a variation of 11, 7.5 and 10.2%, respectively. Therefore, the procedure adopted in this study may be used to assess the moisture loss from potatoes under the different storage conditions. The effect of relative humidity (RH) and potato temperature on moisture loss was also predicted using the developed procedure. Decrease in RH of the storage air increased the moisture loss. The potatoes stored below 85% RH incurred more than 7% water loss. Therefore, 88–90% RH in the cold store may be used to limit the maximum moisture loss within the permissible limit of 5% even after 8 months of storage. It was also found that increasing the potato temperature exponentially increased the rate of moisture loss.
MODELING AND OPTIMIZATION OF OHMIC HEATING OF FOODS INSIDE A FLEXIBLE PACKAGE
Authors: JUN SOOJIN , SASTRY SUDHIR 
Published: September 2005

ABSTRACT A pulsed ohmic heating system and flexible package for food reheating and sterilization were developed to minimize Equivalent System Mass during long‐duration space missions. A package made of flexible pouch materials was powered through a pair of metal foil electrodes extending out. Preliminary tests of the package within an ohmic heating enclosure show that International Space Shuttle menu items such as chicken noodle soup and black beans could be heated using pulsed ohmic heating technology. The electrical conductivities of selected samples ranged between 0.01 and 0.03 S/cm. A 2‐D thermal‐electric model was developed using commercial CFD software Fluent to optimize the design and layout of electrodes to ensure uniform heating of the material. A static system under the assumption of there being no fluid motion in a microgravity environment was implemented. A package configuration with V‐shaped electrodes with dimensionless width of 0.147 was validated to be most appropriate for uniform heating while minimizing the cold zone to 2% of total area. The effect of field overshoot near the electrode edge is expected to be crucial to determine the uniformity of heating.
MOISTURE ADSORPTION ISOTHERMS AND ISOSTERIC ENERGY FOR ALMOND
Authors: PAHLEVANZADEH H. , YAZDANI M. 
Published: September 2005

ABSTRACT The equilibrium moisture contents of almond were determined using the gravimetric‐static method at 15, 30, 55 and 75C for powder and 15, 55 and 75C for nut state of almond for water activity (aw) ranging from 0.11 to 0.87. At a given aw, the results show that the moisture content decreases with increasing temperature. The experimental sorption curves are then described by the BET, GAB, Henderson, Oswin, Smith and Halsey models. A nonlinear regression‐analysis method was used to evaluate the constants of equations. The GAB model was found to be the most suitable for describing the sorption curves; the monolayer‐content values for the sorption at different temperatures are calculated. Also, the isosteric heats of adsorption of water were determined as a function of moisture content from the equilibrium data at different temperatures using the Clasius‐Clapeyron equation.
Multilayer Analytic Element Modeling of Radial Collector Wells
Authors: Bakker Mark , Kelson Victor A. , Luther Kenneth H. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractA new multilayer approach is presented for the modeling of ground water flow to radial collector wells. The approach allows for the inclusion of all aspects of the unique boundary condition along the lateral arms of a collector well, including skin effect and internal friction losses due to flow in the arms. The hydraulic conductivity may differ between horizontal layers within the aquifer, and vertical anisotropy can be taken into account. The approach is based on the multilayer analytic element method, such that regional flow and local three‐dimensional detail may be simulated simultaneously and accurately within one regional model. Horizontal flow inside a layer is computed analytically, while vertical flow is approximated with a standard finite‐difference scheme. Results obtained with the proposed approach compare well to results obtained with three‐dimensional analytic element solutions for flow in unconfined aquifers. The presented approach may be applied to predict the yield of a collector well in a regional setting and to compute the origin and residence time, and thus the quality, of water pumped by the collector well. As an example, the addition of three lateral arms to a collector well that already has three laterals is investigated. The new arms are added at an elevation of 2 m above the existing laterals. The yield increase of the collector well is computed as a function of the lengths of the three new arms.
Forced Convection Past an Oblate Spheroid at Low to Moderate Reynolds Numbers
Authors: Alassar Rajai S. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractForced convection past a heated oblate spheroid is studied in an attempt to investigate the effect of the axis ratio on the heat transfer rate. The time-dependent full Navier–Stokes and energy equations are solved using a series truncation method. The axis ratios considered range from 1∕2 to 1 (a perfect sphere). The results for the flow and thermal fields are satisfactorily compared with relevant published research. The results are presented in the form of streamlines, isotherms, and the local and averaged Nusselt number distributions.
Heat
Transfer and Pressure Drop Characteristics of Laminar Flow in Rectangular and Square Plain Ducts and
Ducts With Twisted-Tape Inserts
Authors: Saha S.
K. , Mallick D.
N. 
Published: September 2005

Abstract
The present paper reports the results of an experimental investigation of the heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics of laminar flow of viscous oil through horizontal rectangular and square plain ducts and ducts inserted with full-length twisted tapes, short-length twisted tapes, and regularly spaced twisted-tape elements. Isothermal pressure drop measurements were taken in acrylic ducts. Heat transfer measurements were taken in electrically heated stainless-steel ducts imposing uniform wall heat flux boundary conditions. The duct aspect ratios AR were 1, 0.5, and 0.333. The twist ratios of the twisted tapes were y=2.692, 5.385, 2.597, 5.193, 2.308, and 4.615. Short-length tapes were 0.9, 0.7, and 0.5 times the duct length. The space ratios were s=2.692, 5.385, 2.597, 5.193, 2.308, and 4.615. Both friction factor and Nusselt number increase with decreasing y and AR for AR⩽1 and increasing Re, Sw, and Pr. As the tape-length decreases, both friction factor and Nusselt number decrease. Friction factor increases as s decreases, and Nusselt number increases as s increases. Isothermal friction factor correlation and comprehensive Nusselt number correlation have been developed to predict data reasonably well in the entire range of parameters. Performance evaluation says that short-length twisted tapes are worse and regularly spaced twisted-tape elements are better than the full-length twisted tapes.
Activity of the Mason-Pfizer Monkey Virus Fusion Protein Is Modulated by Single Amino Acids in the Cytoplasmic Tail
Authors: Song Chisu , Micoli Keith , Hunter Eric 
Published: September 2005

ABSTRACTMason-Pfizer monkey virus (M-PMV) encodes a transmembrane glycoprotein with a 38-amino-acid-long cytoplasmic tail. After the release of the immature virus, a viral protease-mediated cleavage of the cytoplasmic tail (CT) results in the loss of 17 amino acids from the carboxy terminus and renders the envelope protein fusion competent. To investigate the role of individual amino acid residues in the CT in fusion, a series of mutations was introduced, and the effects of these mutations on glycoprotein biosynthesis and fusion were examined. Most of the alanine-scanning mutations in the CT had little effect on fusion activity. However, four amino acid substitutions (threonine 4, lysine 7, glutamine 9, and isoleucine 10) resulted in substantially increased fusogenicity, while six (leucine 2, phenylalanine 5, isoleucine 13, lysine 16, proline 17, and glycine 31) resulted in much-reduced fusion. Interestingly, the bulk of these mutations are located upstream of the CT cleavage site in a region that has the potential to form a coiled-coil in the Env trimer. Substitutions at glutamine 9 and isoleucine 10 with alanine had the most dramatic positive effect and resulted in the formation of large syncytia. Taken together, these data demonstrate that individual residues within the cytoplasmic domain of M-PMV Env can modulate, in both a positive and negative manner, biological functions that are associated with the extracellular domains of the glycoprotein complex.
Herpes Simplex Virus Glycoprotein B Binds to Cell Surfaces Independently of Heparan Sulfate and Blocks Virus Entry
Authors: Bender Florent C. , Whitbeck J. Charles , Lou Huan , Cohen Gary H. , Eisenberg Roselyn J. 
Published: September 2005

ABSTRACT
Virion glycoproteins gB, gD, and gH/gL play essential roles for herpes simplex virus (HSV) entry. The function of gD is to interact with a cognate receptor, and soluble forms of gD block HSV entry by tying up cell surface receptors. Both gB and the nonessential gC interact with cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG), promoting viral attachment. However, cells deficient in proteoglycan synthesis can still be infected by HSV. This suggests another function for gB. We found that a soluble truncated form of gB bound saturably to the surface of Vero, A431, HeLa, and BSC-1 cells, L-cells, and a mouse melanoma cell line expressing the gD receptor nectin-1. The HSPG analog heparin completely blocked attachment of the gC ectodomain to Vero cells. In contrast, heparin only partially blocked attachment of soluble gB, leaving 20% of the input gB still bound even at high concentrations of inhibitor. Moreover, heparin treatment removed soluble gC but not gB from the cell surface. These data suggest that a portion of gB binds to cells independently of HSPG. In addition, gB bound to two HSPG-deficient cell lines derived from L-cells. Gro2C cells are deficient in HSPG, and Sog9 cells are deficient in HSPG, as well as chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan (CSPG). To identify particular gB epitopes responsible for HSPG-independent binding, we used a panel of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to gB to block gB binding. Only those gB MAbs that neutralized virus blocked binding of soluble gB to the cells. HSV entry into Gro2C and Sog9 cells was reduced but still detectable relative to the parental L-cells, as previously reported. Importantly, entry into Gro2C cells was blocked by purified forms of either the gD or gB ectodomain. On a molar basis, the extent of inhibition by gB was similar to that seen with gD. Together, these results suggest that soluble gB binds specifically to the surface of different cell types independently of HSPG and CSPG and that by doing so, the protein inhibits entry. The results provide evidence for the existence of a cellular entry receptor for gB.