bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bile Salt‐Stimulated Lipase and Digestion of Non‐Breast Milk Fat
Authors: McClean Patricia , Harding Marilyn , Coward W. Andy , Prentice Ann , Austin Steve , Weaver Lawrence T. 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACTBackground:13Carbon (13C)‐lipid breath tests are an effective, noninvasive way of repeatedly measuring fat digestion. The purpose of this study was to assess the contribution of bile salt‐stimulated lipase (BSSL) in human milk to the digestion of non‐breast‐milk fat in Gambian infants.Methods:Twelve Gambian infants (aged 3‐8 months) were studied on 4 days.13 C‐Trioctanoin (7.5 mg/kg, digested by BSSL preduodenal and pancreatic lipases) and 13C‐cholesteryl octanoate (25 mg/kg, digested by BSSL and pancreatic lipases) were used as substrates. The percentage dose recovery(PDR) of 13C in breath during 5 hours was compared after ingestion of each substrate with fresh, expressed breast milk (FBM) or heated, expressed breast milk (HBM). Gas isotope ratio‐mass spectrometry was used to measure13 C enrichment, and breast milk samples were analysed for esterase activity.Results:Heating breast milk significantly decreased esterase activity (mean± SD values: FBM = 12.2 ± 2.9 IU/ml; HBM = 0.5 ± 0.3 IU/ml), and there was no difference in the volumes of milk ingested on each test day (approximately 50 ml). The PDR of 13C was comparable to that previously described in healthy English infants and was not increased by BSSL. The mean ± SD PDR of 13C from trioctanoin was 36.3 ± 8.4% for FBM and 34.6 ± 6.3% for HBM (NS). From cholesteryl octanoate, the mean ± SD PDR of 13C was 24.3 ± 8.7% for FBM and 27.1± 7.5% for HBM (NS).Conclusions:Bile salt‐stimulated lipase may enhance fat digestion in younger or malnourished infants who have a greater degree of pancreatic enzyme deficiency. However, this study suggests that it does not increase the digestion of non‐breast‐milk fat in healthy, well‐nourished infants aged 3 to 8 months from an underprivileged background, who typically ingest frequent small quantities of breast milk.
Syndrome of Intractable Diarrhoea with Persistent Villous Atrophy in Early Childhood: A Clinicopathological Survey of 47 Cases
Authors: Goulet O. J. , Brousse N. , Canioni D. , Walker‐Smith J. A. , Schmitz J. , Phillips A. D. 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACTBackground:The syndrome of intractable diarrhoea of infancy is heterogeneous and includes several diseases with diverse aetiologies. This study determines whether diagnostic categories can be defined on the basis of clinicopathological analysis.Methods:European Society of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition members were surveyed to identify cases of intractable diarrhoea with persisting small intestinal enteropathy. A retrospective clinicopathological analysis was performed on cases showing life‐threatening diarrhoea within the first 24 mo of life and requiring total parenteral nutrition, which were characterized by persistent villous atrophy, and resistance to therapy.Results:Forty‐seven infants were identified with intractable diarrhoea. Villous atrophy was of varying degrees with (group I, n = 24) or without(group II, n = 18) lamina propria mononuclear cell infiltration. Group I presented later, had gut auto‐antibodies, and a higher prevalence of protein‐losing enteropathy; a subset (group Ia, n = 12) also had extraintestinal symptoms of autoimmunity associated with a later onset of larger volume diarrhoea. Group II presented early; 8 cases (group IIa) had phenotypic abnormalities and a low birth weight; the remaining 10 (group IIb) showed mild‐to‐moderate villous atrophy, epithelial tufting, and abnormal crypts. Group III included five patients in whom no specific features were recognised. Twenty‐one (45%) died at a median age of 24 months, 20 (43%) remained dependent on parenteral (n = 16) or enteral tube(n = 4) feeding, 4 (9%) received elimination diets plus other therapies, and 2 (4%) were lost to follow‐up.Conclusions:Clinicopathological analysis allowed distinct disease groups to be identified, allowing a provisional classification to be made. This straightforward approach forms a basis for future research in this exceptionally difficult paediatric condition.
Intestinal Absorption of Ursodeoxycholic Acid in Children and Adolescents with Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Fujisawa Takuji , Kimura Akihiko , Ushijima Kosuke , Nakashima Eisuke , Inoue Toshiro , Yamashita Yasuhiro , Kato Hirohisa 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACTBackground:Ursodeoxycholic acid absorption in the proximal intestine may be impaired in patients with inflammatory bowel disease.Methods:We examined the intestinal absorption of ursodeoxycholic acid by the oral ursodeoxycholic acid tolerance test in 19 children and adolescents with inflammatory bowel disease at various stages, including 8 patients with unoperated Crohn's disease, 3 patients with ileal‐resected Crohn's disease, 8 with ulcerative colitis, and 8 healthy control subjects.Results:Ursodeoxycholic acid malabsorption was present in all patients with unoperated Crohn's disease in the first diagnosed active stage, in 3 of 5 patients in a relapsing active stage, and in 2 of 8 patients in remission. Ursodeoxycholic acid absorption was significantly lower in patients in the first diagnosed active stage than in the healthy controls (p < 0.01) or in patients in remission (p < 0.01). There was no significant difference between healthy controls and the patients in a relapsing active stage or in remission. Ursodeoxycholic acid absorption was abnormal during the first postoperative month in patients with ileal‐resected Crohn's disease, but normalized over time. Malabsorption of ursodeoxycholic acid was not observed in any patients with ulcerative colitis.Conclusions:These findings suggest that absorption of ursodeoxycholic acid in the proximal intestine is impaired in patients with Crohn's disease and that the oral ursodeoxycholic acid tolerance test is a convenient and useful means of evaluating the absorption of bile acid in the proximal intestine in pediatric patients with ileal or ileocolic Crohn's disease.
Plasma Amino Acid Concentrations, Indexes of Protein Metabolism and Growth in Healthy, Full‐Term Infants Fed Partially Hydrolyzed Infant Formula
Authors: Decsi Tamás , Veitl Volker , Burus István 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACTBackground:It has been reported that feeding extensively hydrolyzed infant formula influenced the availability of arginine, glycine, histidine, lysine and threonine in full‐term infants investigated during the first 2 months of life. In the present study, the nutritional effects of feeding partially hydrolyzed formula (PHF) were investigated.Methods:Term infants fed conventional formula (F; n = 11) or PHF(n = 11) were investigated at the ages of 5, 30, 60, 90, and 120 days. Anthropometric data were obtained, and plasma amino acid concentrations and biochemical indices of protein metabolism were measured.Results:Plasma concentrations (in micromoles per liter) of lysine on day 90: 117(21) versus 143 (24); of threonine on day 30: 140 (53) versus 263(87); of ornithine on day 90: 56 (21) versus 78 (29); and of tyrosine on day 30: 52 (17) versus 77 (20), on day 60: 56 (14) versus 87 (19) and on day 90: 46 (9) versus 81 (17) were significantly lower in infants receiving PHF than in those fed F. Values are median (range from 1st to 3rd quartile), PHF versus F; p < 0.05. At day 120, infants fed PHF showed significantly lower serum albumin concentrations than did infants receiving F (43.3 ± 3.4 versus 48.9 ± 3.5, g/l; mean ± SD; p < 0.05). Serum creatinine, urea nitrogen, uric acid and total protein concentrations and gain in weight, length, and head circumference did not differ throughout the study.Conclusions:In this study, feeding PHF did not affect the majority of plasma amino acid concentrations, some indices of protein metabolism, and basic parameters of growth in full‐term infants. However, plasma concentrations of lysine, threonine, tyrosine, ornithine, and albumin were, on at least one occasion, significantly lower in infants fed PHF than in those receiving F.
Nutrient Intake and Growth of Infants with Phenylketonuria Undergoing Therapy
Authors: Acosta Phyllis B. , Yannicelli Steven , Marriage Barbara , Mantia Carol , Gaffield Barbara , Porterfield Melanie , Hunt Melanie , McMaster Nancy , Bernstein Laurie , Parton Patricia , Kuehn Marilyn , Lewis Vyoone 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACTBackground:Because of reports of poor growth, a study was conducted for 6 months in 35 infants with classic phenylketonuria diagnosed during the neonatal period who were fed Phenex‐1 Amino Acid Modified Medical Food With Iron (Ross Products Division, Columbus, OH, U.S.A.) as their primary protein source.Methods:Diet diaries and anthropometric measures were obtained monthly as part of a larger study in which nutrition status was evaluated.Results:In 6‐month‐old infants, mean percentiles for crownheel length (59.14± 4.31 SEM), head circumference (63.88 ± 4.50) and weight(71.51 ± 4.25) were normal. Mean (± SEM) daily intake of medical food was 79 ± 4 g; protein and energy intakes were 17.3± 0.6 g and 2772 ± 75.6 kJ (660 ± 18 kcal). Mean daily phenylalanine and tyrosine intakes per kilogram of body weight were 40± 1 mg and 219 ± 9 mg. Intakes of protein, energy, and tyrosine were positively correlated with crown‐heel length, head circumference, and weight at 3 months of study. Overall plasma phenylalanine and tyrosine concentrations during the 6‐month study were 297 ± 41 µmol/l and 58 ± 5 µmol/l, respectively. Neither plasma phenylalanine nor tyrosine concentration was correlated with growth.Conclusion:Phenex‐1 supports normal growth when fed in adequate amounts. These data support those of the Medical Research Council Working Party on Phenylketonuria for 3 g/kg per day of amino acids from medical food.
Helicobacter pylori‐Positive Gastritis in Pediatric Patients with Chronic Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Kolho Kaija‐Leera , Rautelin Hilpi , Lindahl Harry , Savilahti Erkki 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACTBackground:Gastritis is a common finding in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. However, the association of gastritis with Helicobacter pylori is unclear in these patients.Methods:The prevalence of antibodies for H. pylori in serum was determined in 47 pediatric patients with inflammatory bowel disease (19 with Crohn's disease, 21 with ulcerative colitis, and 7 with unclassified disease). H. pylori antibodies of the IgG and IgA classes were measured by enzyme immunoassay in 24 patients at the time of diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease and in 23 more patients during the follow‐up of inflammatory bowel disease (mean follow‐up, 3.5 years; range 1‐10 years). Esophagogastroduodenoscopy was performed on 40 patients during the examination for inflammatory bowel disease.Results:In contrast to earlier findings, no patient was determined to be positive for H. pylori, either in serologic or histologic examination. This negative finding was unexpected, because it is known that approximately 10% of asymptomatic Finnish children have antibodies for H. pylori in serum and approximately 10% of analyses of specimens obtained in gastric antral biopsies obtained at the Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Helsinki, Finland, are positive for H. pylori.Conclusions:Permanent colonization of the stomach with H. pylori is unusual in children with inflammatory bowel disease.
Oxalate, Citrate, and Sulfate Concentration in Human Milk Compared with Formula Preparations: Influence on Urinary Anion Excretion
Authors: Hoppe Bernd , Roth Bernd , Bauerfed Christian , Langman Craig B. 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACTBackground:Nephrocalcinosis is not uncommon in preterm infants, and elevated urinary oxalate excretion is know to be one of the main risk factors. When oxalate excretion was found to be higher in formula‐fed than in human milk‐fed infants, the formulas' oxalate content was thought to be responsible.Methods:the oxalate concentration in human milk (21 samples obtained during lactogenesis; 17 samples obtained during established lactation) and of 16 formula preparation was examined. Citrate and sulfate concentrations were also measured, because both anions influence urinary saturation.Results:The mean (± SE) oxalate content of human milk increased approximately 27% from early lactogenesis (70.4 ± 6.4 µmol/l) to established lactation (96.4 ± 9.5 µmol/l; p < 0.05). The latter was not different from the mean oxalate concentration of formula (98.2 ± 11.4 µmol/l), however a fourfold range of measurements was recorded in both groups. The mean citrate content of human milk increased only slightly after early lactogenesis (2.66 ± 0.22 mmol/l), but remained significantly lower than in formula (3.34 ± 0.23 mmol/l; p<0.05). The mean sulfate concentration did not increase and was 13 times lower in human milk (52.1 ± 9.5 µmol/l) than in formula (688.7 ± 95.4 µmol/l; p < 0.0001).Conclusions:The higher oxalate excretion in formula‐fed infants is not because of the milk's oxalate concentration. Urinary citrate and sulfate excretion may be influenced by their higher concentrations in formula preparations, which may be of clinical importance in the population that is at risk for development of nephrocalcinosis.
Treatment histories, barriers, and preferences for individuals with symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder
Authors: Basile Vesna Trenoska , Newton‐John Toby , Wootton Bethany M. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractGeneralized anxiety disorder (GAD) is a prevalent and chronic mental health condition, associated with considerable individual and economic burden. Despite the availability of effective treatments, many individuals do not access support. The current study explores treatment histories, barriers to help‐seeking, and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) treatment preferences for individuals with clinically significant GAD symptoms. The utility of Health Belief Model (HBM) in predicting help‐seeking is also examined. A cross‐sectional design with 127 participants (Mage = 29.17; SD = 11.86; 80.3% female) was used. Sixty‐two percent of participants reported previously seeking psychological treatment, and approximately 28% received CBT in the first instance. The most influential treatment barriers were a desire to solve the problem on one's own (M = 1.96, SD = 0.96), followed by affordability (M = 1.75, SD = 1.15) and feeling embarrassed or ashamed (M = 1.75, SD = 1.06). The most preferred treatment modes were in‐person individual treatment (M = 7.59, SD = 2.86) followed by remote treatment via videoconferencing (M = 4.31, SD = 3.55). Approximately 38% of the variance in intention to seek treatment was associated with the HBM variables, with perceived benefit of treatment being the strongest predictor. Results have the potential to inform mental health service delivery by reducing treatment barriers and aligning public health campaigns with benefits of psychological treatments.
The relationship between the psychological resilience and general health levels of earthquake survivor nursing students in Kahramanmaras earthquakes, the disaster of the century
Authors: Sirin Gok Meltem , Aydin Ayşe , Baga Yaprak , Ciftci Bahar 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe present study was conducted to determine the relationship between the psychological resilience of earthquake survivor students and their general health status. This descriptive and correlational study was conducted at a state university in Turkey in June 2023 with the nursing department students of a university that experienced two major earthquakes in Turkey on February 6, 2023. The sample of the study consisted of 287 students. The data of the study were collected with the “Descriptive Characteristics Form,” “Brief Resilience Scale,” and “General Health Questionnaire‐12.” Filling out the forms took approximately 5−10 min. It was determined in the present study that the psychological resilience of the earthquake survivor students was moderate. It was found that the girls, second graders, those with higher income levels, those who did not receive medication/professional support for their mental health, and those who described their health as good generally had higher psychological resilience levels. It was found that the general health status of the earthquake survivors was at an increased risk level, and 69% of them were at high risk for mental diseases. The mental health of girls, first graders, those who had low‐income levels, those who lost loved ones in the earthquake, those whose houses were damaged, those who received medication/professional support for mental health, those who did not generally participate in distance education, and those who described their health as deficient in general, had worse mental health levels. A high relationship was detected between nursing students' psychological resilience and mental health (p < 0.05). It was concluded in the present study that as the psychological resilience of the students increased, the risk of mental disease decreased.
Lung ultrasound score in the decision of patent ductus arteriosus closure in neonates
Authors: Ozdemir Mustafa , Tepe Tugay , Ozlu Ferda , Yapicioglu Hacer , Atmıs Anıl , Demir Fadli , Unal Ilker , Narli Nejat 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPurposeWe aimed to investigate the role of lung ultrasound (LUS) score in the closure of hemodynamically insignificant patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) and the clinical findings of the patients before and after closure.MethodsThe study groups (107 preterm neonates under 34 gestational weeks) were classified as hemodynamically significant PDA (group 1), hemodynamically insignificant PDA with closure therapy (group 2), hemodynamically insignificant PDA without closure therapy (group 3), and no PDA group (group 4) based on the echocardiography. 6‐ and 10‐region LUS scores were compared for each group.ResultsThere was a significant difference between groups 1 and 3 on first, third, and seventh days. In contrast, groups 1 and 2 had similar LUS scores on the first, third, and seventh days. There was a negative correlation between LUS scores on the first and third days and gestational age, birth weight, the first‐ and fifth‐minute APGAR scores, and there was a positive correlation between aortic root to left atrium ratio, and PDA diameter/weight ratio.ConclusionWe observed that LUS scores in patients with hemodynamically insignificant PDA treated with closure therapy were similar to in patients with hemodynamically significant PDA. Thus, LUS score can have role in PDA closure in preterm neonates. However, more comprehensive studies are needed.
Semaglutide improves metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatohepatitis: A 10‐year retrospective study
Authors: Shah Parth , White Megan , Sievert Alex , Conway Alexander , Kneepkens Adam , Sayuk Gregory , Lisker‐Melman Mauricio , Elwing Jill 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackground and AimsSemaglutide has been studied in patients with metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatohepatitis (MASH) due to potential benefit from weight loss on liver inflammation. However, preclinical studies suggest that MASH improvement may be independent of weight loss. We aim to assess the impact of semaglutide on MASH in relation to weight loss.MethodsThis retrospective study included 420 patients with diabetes on semaglutide for at least 12 months between 2011 and 2022. Exclusion criteria were liver disease other than MASH, decompensated cirrhosis, malignancy, and bariatric surgery. Primary endpoints were clinically significant improvements in AST or ALT (mean difference > 6.3 U/L and > 10.6 U/L respectively). Statistical analysis included Student's t‐test/ANOVA, Wilcoxon signed‐rank test/Friedman test as appropriate, and binary logistic regression.ResultsMedian duration of semaglutide was 22.5 months and 80% of patients received 1 mg/week. BMI improved by a mean (SD) of 1.9 points (2.8), weight by 13.3 lbs. (19.1), AST by 4.1 U/L (11.5), and ALT by 5.3 U/L (14.2). In 28% and 22% of patients respectively, AST and ALT had a clinically significant improvement. MASH scores (NFS, FIB4, APRI) improved after semaglutide (p < 0.001). No statistically significant differences in AST or ALT improvement were found when patients were stratified by BMI prior to semaglutide or when stratified by percentage of weight loss. On logistic regression, the duration of semaglutide and pretreatment APRI score increased the odds of clinically significant improvements of AST and ALT.ConclusionSemaglutide treatment was associated with improvement in transaminases and MASH scores. Higher odds of positive semaglutide effects were observed with longer treatment duration and were independent of weight loss.
Fungal and fungal‐like diversity present in ornithogenically influenced maritime Antarctic soils assessed using metabarcoding
Authors: Gonçalves Vívian Nicolau , Pimenta Raphael Sânzio , Lopes Fabyano A. C. , Santos Karita C. R. , Silva Micheline C. , Convey Peter , Câmara Paulo E. A. S. , Rosa Luiz H. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWe assessed soil fungal and fungal‐like diversity using metabarcoding in ornithogenically influenced soils around nests of the bird species Phalacrocorax atriceps, Macronectes giganteus, Pygoscelis antarcticus, and Pygoscelis adelie on the South Shetland Islands, maritime Antarctic. A total of 1,392,784 fungal DNA reads was obtained and assigned to 186 amplicon sequence variants (ASVs). The dominant fungal phylum was Ascomycota, followed by Basidiomycota, Chytridiomycota, Blastocladiomycota, Rozellomycota, Mortierellomycota, Monoblepharomycota, Aphelidiomycota, Basidiobolomycota, Mucoromycota, and the fungal‐like Oomycota (Stramenopila), in rank order. Antarctomyces sp., Blastocladiomycota sp., Pseudogymnoascus pannorum, Microascaceae sp., Mortierella sp., Lobulomycetales sp., Sordariomycetes sp., Fungal sp., Rhizophydiales sp., Pseudeurotiaceae sp., Chytridiomycota sp. 1, Filobasidiella sp., Tausonia pullulans, Betamyces sp., and Leucosporidium sp. were the most abundant assigned taxa. The fungal assemblages present in the different ornithogenically influenced soils displayed different diversity indices. However, in general, we detected high fungal diversity and few taxa shared between the samples. Despite the polyextreme environmental conditions experienced in these Antarctic soils, the metabarcoding approach detected a rich and complex fungal community dominated by saprophytes, but with some pathogenic taxa also present. The community was dominated by psychrophilic and psychrotolerant taxa, some apparently endemic to Antarctica, and those identified only at higher taxonomic levels, which may represent currently undescribed fungi. The mycobiome detected included taxa characterized by different ecological roles, including saprotrophic, human‐ and animal‐associated, phytopathogenic, mutualistic, and cosmopolitan. These fungi may potentially be dispersed by birds or in the air column over great distances, including between different regions within Antarctica and from South America, Africa, and Oceania.