bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimation of planar angles from non-orthogonal imaging
Authors: Kumar Akash , Chandraprakash C. 
Published: January 2024

Photogrammetry-based methods are traditionally used to estimate the geometrical parameters using optical images. These methods employ specific equipment, computationally sophisticated and expensive algorithms, and utilize projective geometry to reconstruct real-life scenes up to a scale. In this work, we used a computationally less-expensive method for sparse reconstruction to estimate the planar angles using two-view geometry and linear algorithms from non-orthogonal images acquired by a smartphone camera. First, intrinsic camera parameters were determined. Next, scale-invariant feature transform was used to identify the correspondence points from each pair of images. Epipolar constraint was applied on all these points to determine the essential matrix using the eight-point algorithm. Thereafter, extrinsic camera parameters were estimated from the essential matrix and combined with the intrinsic matrix to get the camera projection matrix. Finally, linear triangulation was used to get the sparse point cloud representing the scene. Planar angles were estimated by backprojecting the chosen image points and applying simple vector algebra on the obtained 3D points. The method was successful in estimating the planar angles in less than 10 s on non-curved edges with an average error of 3% by using only ten images. Given the simplicity of methods used, this technique can be integrated into a smartphone for on-site measurements as well as large deformations.
Mechanisms of ion transport in lithium salt-doped zwitterionic polymer-supported ionic liquid electrolytes
Authors: Tadesse Meron Y. , Zhang Zidan , Marioni Nico , Zofchak Everett S. , Duncan Tyler J. , Ganesan Venkat 
Published: January 2024

Recent experimental results have demonstrated that zwitterionic ionogel comprised of polyzwitterion (polyZI)-supported lithium salt-doped ionic liquid exhibits improved conductivities and lithium transference numbers than the salt-doped base ionic liquid electrolyte (ILE). However, the underlying mechanisms of such observations remain unresolved. In this work, we pursued a systematic investigation to understand the impact of the polyZI content and salt concentration on the structural and dynamic properties of the poly(MPC) ionogel of our model polyZI ionogel, poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine) [poly(MPC)] supported LiTFSI/N-butyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium TFSI base ionic liquid electrolyte. Our structural analyses show strong lithium–ZI interaction consistent with the physical network characteristic observed in the experiments. An increase in polyZI content leads to an increased fraction of Li+ ions coordinated with the polyZI. In contrast, an increase in salt concentration leads to a decreased fraction of Li+ ions coordinated with the polyZI. The diffusivities of the mobile ions in the poly(MPC) ionogel were found to be lower than the base ILE in agreement with experiments at T &gt; 300 K. Analysis of ion transport mechanisms shows that lithium ions within the poly(MPC) ionogel travel via a combination of structural, vehicular diffusion, as well as hopping mechanism. Finally, the conductivity trend crossover between the poly(MPC) ionogel and the base ILE was rationalized via a temperature study that showed that the base ILE ions are influenced more by the variation of temperature when compared to the poly(MPC) ions.
The curious case of CO2 dissociation on Cu(110)
Authors: Singh Saurabh Kumar , Shirhatti Pranav R. 
Published: January 2024

Dissociation of CO2 on copper surfaces is an important model system for understanding the elementary steps in catalytic conversion of CO2 to methanol. Using molecular beam-surface scattering methods, we measure the initial dissociation probabilities (S0) of CO2 on a flat, clean Cu(110) surface under ultrahigh vacuum conditions. The observed S0 ranges from 3.9 × 10−4 to 1.8 × 10−2 at incidence energies of 0.64–1.59 eV. By extrapolating the trend observed in the incidence energy dependence of S0, we estimate the lower limit of the dissociation barrier on terrace sites to be around 2 eV. We discuss these results in the context of what is known from previous studies on this system using different experiments and theoretical/computational methods. These findings are anticipated to be valuable for correctly understanding the elementary steps in CO2 dissociation on Cu surfaces.
Nuclear quantum effects in the acetylene:ammonia plastic co-crystal
Authors: Thakur Atul C. , Remsing Richard C. 
Published: January 2024

Organic molecular solids can exhibit rich phase diagrams. In addition to structurally unique phases, translational and rotational degrees of freedom can melt at different state points, giving rise to partially disordered solid phases. The structural and dynamic disorder in these materials can have a significant impact on the physical properties of the organic solid, necessitating a thorough understanding of disorder at the atomic scale. When these disordered phases form at low temperatures, especially in crystals with light nuclei, the prediction of material properties can be complicated by the importance of nuclear quantum effects. As an example, we investigate nuclear quantum effects on the structure and dynamics of the orientationally disordered, translationally ordered plastic phase of the acetylene:ammonia (1:1) co-crystal that is expected to exist on the surface of Saturn’s moon Titan. Titan’s low surface temperature (∼90 K) suggests that the quantum mechanical behavior of nuclei may be important in this and other molecular solids in these environments. By using neural network potentials combined with ring polymer molecular dynamics simulations, we show that nuclear quantum effects increase orientational disorder and rotational dynamics within the acetylene:ammonia (1:1) co-crystal by weakening hydrogen bonds. Our results suggest that nuclear quantum effects are important to accurately model molecular solids and their physical properties in low-temperature environments.
Electromagnetic enhancement spectra of one-dimensional plasmonic hotspots along silver nanowire dimer derived via surface-enhanced fluorescence
Authors: Itoh Tamitake , Yamamoto Yuko S. 
Published: January 2024

We developed a spectroscopic method for directly obtaining the spectra of electromagnetic (EM) enhancement of plasmonic hotspots (HSs). The method was applied to one-dimensional (1D) HSs generated between silver nanowire (NW) dimers. The EM enhancement spectra were derived by dividing the spectra of surface-enhanced fluorescence (SEF) from single NW dimers with SEF obtained from large nanoparticle aggregates, where aggregate-by-aggregate variations in the SEF spectra were averaged out. Some NW dimers were found to exhibit EM enhancement spectra that deviated from the plasmon resonance Rayleigh scattering spectra, indicating that their EM enhancement was not generated by superradiant plasmons. These experimental results were examined by numerical calculation based on the EM mechanism by varying the morphology of NW dimers. The calculations reproduced the spectral deviations as the NW diameter dependence of EM enhancement. Phase analysis of the enhanced EM near-fields along the 1D HSs revealed that the dipole–quadrupole coupled plasmon, which is a subradiant mode, mainly generates EM enhancement for dimers with NW diameters larger than ∼80 nm, which was consistent with scanning electron microscopic measurements.
Salinity as a major influence on groundwater microbial communities in agricultural landscapes
Authors: Nelson Tess , Hose Grant C. , Dabovic Jodie , Korbel Kathryn L. 
Published: January 2024

Context Understanding the impacts of salinity on groundwater microbial communities is imperative, because these communities influence groundwater chemistry, quality, and its suitability for use by humans and the environment. Aim To assess groundwater salinisation and its influence on groundwater microbial communities within the Murray–Darling Basin (MDB), Australia. Methods Alluvial aquifers were sampled from 41 bores, within the Lachlan, Murrumbidgee and Murray catchments. Environmental DNA (eDNA), microbial activity and water-quality variables were measured to evaluate microbial communities, which were then correlated with electrical conductivity (EC) and other environmental variables. Results Our results indicated widespread groundwater salinisation within the MDB, with EC ranging from 63 to 51 257 μS cm−1. The highest EC values were recorded in the Murray catchment; however, mean EC values did not differ significantly among catchments (P > 0.05). The composition of microbial communities differed significantly between sites with low (<3000 μS cm−1) and high (>3000 μS cm−1) EC. Microbial activity, richness and abundances were all greater at low- than high-EC sites. Conclusions Changes to microbial communities as demonstrated here may have impacts on biogeochemical cycling and ecosystem resilience. Implications The detrimental ecological impacts of salinity are not limited to groundwater microbes, but present a larger ecological issue affecting all groundwater-dependent ecosystems.
The rise and fall of morphological schemas
Authors: Inglese Guglielmo , Wolfsgruber Anne C. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The paper explores the origin and development of the [entre-V] construction in the history of
French. By means of quantitative corpus data, it is shown that the [entre-V] construction, particularly in its
reciprocal function, is productive in earlier stages of French and progressively disappears over time. We argue that this decrease
in productivity is connected to the change in availability of the more abstract [pref-V] construction. While Old French
still shows residual stages of Latin prefixation, this system dissolves in the history of French. As speakers have less access to
the [pref-V] construction, this also engenders numerous changes in the constructional network of the
[entre-V] construction.
Sociophonetic variation in a context of dialect contact
Authors: Almeida Manuel , Hernández-Campoy Juan M. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The social contexts of language ​​and dialect contact are an exceptional scenario in which to analyse some of the
most innovative outcomes of language change. In these dynamic contexts, mixed language varieties often develop, constructed
from elements and structures of the languages ​​or dialects that participate in the contact. In the specific case of dialect
contact, one of the most creative hybrid outcomes is interdialectalisms, forms that can coexist in a speech community with
vernacular and standard variants. The study of the structural and social relationships between these alternatives may
contribute towards a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying changes in progress.
After dialectalisation
Authors: Cerruti Massimo 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This paper provides an overview of ongoing processes of convergence in the Italian language. It focuses on regional
varieties of Italian, which essentially are the result of the so-called dialectalisation of the standard language and are
nowadays affected by extensive processes of vertical and horizontal convergence. It considers the “downward” convergence of
the standard usage towards sub-standard varieties, the “upward” convergence of sub-standard varieties towards the standard
usage, and the supra-regional use, i.e. “horizontal” diffusion, of linguistic features originally confined to distinct
geographic areas. The overall picture suggests that differences persist between regional varieties of Italian, though they are
becoming increasingly less pronounced.1
Gravitational waves from neutron-star mountains
Authors: Gittins Fabian 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Rotating neutron stars that support long-lived, non-axisymmetric deformations known as mountains have long been considered potential sources of gravitational radiation. However, the amplitude from such a source is very weak and current gravitational-wave interferometers have yet to witness such a signal. The lack of detections has provided upper limits on the size of the involved deformations, which are continually being constrained. With expected improvements in detector sensitivities and analysis techniques, there is good reason to anticipate an observation in the future. This review concerns the current state of the theory of neutron-star mountains. These exotic objects host the extreme regimes of modern physics, which are related to how they sustain mountains. We summarise various mechanisms that may give rise to asymmetries, including crustal strains built up during the evolutionary history of the neutron star, the magnetic field distorting the star’s shape and accretion episodes gradually constructing a mountain. Moving beyond the simple rotating model, we also discuss how precession affects the dynamics and modifies the gravitational-wave signal. We describe the prospects for detection and the challenges moving forward.
Strain-induced enhancement of 2D electron gas density in AlGaN/GaN heterojunction: a first-principles study
Authors: Cao Yuelong , Guan Qi , He Yang , Wang Xinmei , Zhang Lin , Li Enling , Jia Wanli 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
In this study, we investigated the impact of strain on the electronic structure and polarization of Al
x
Ga1−x
N and AlGaN/GaN heterojunctions using first-principles density functional theory. Our findings reveal that, in the absence of strain, the band gap and electron effective mass of Al
x
Ga1−x
N increase with higher Al composition. Similarly, the spontaneous and piezoelectric polarization also increase accordingly. Moreover, under biaxial 5% tensile strain and 5% compressive strain, the two-dimensional (2D) electron gas surface density in the AlGaN/GaN heterojunction reaches 8.12 × 1012 cm−2 and 2.50 × 1012 cm−2, respectively. Comparatively, the surface density without strain is 5.62 × 1012 cm−2. Tensile strain significantly enhances the 2D electron gas surface density, which holds potential theoretical value for improving the electrical performance of AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors.
The influence of antiferromagnetic spin cantings on the magnetic helix pitch in cubic helimagnets
Authors: Chizhikov Viacheslav A , Dmitrienko Vladimir E 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
In cubic helimagnets MnSi and Cu2OSeO3 with their nearly isotropic magnetic properties, the magnetic structure undergoes helical deformation, which is almost completely determined by the helicoid wavenumber

k
=

D

/

J

, where magnetization field stiffness

J

is associated with isotropic spin exchange, and

D

is a pseudoscalar value characterizing the antisymmetric Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya (DM) interaction. Another magnetic feature of these crystals, also caused by the DM interactions, are antiferromagnetic spin cantings, similar to the ferromagnetic cantings responsible for the phenomenon of weak ferromagnetism. Here we show that cantings can strongly influence the helical order through the value of the parameter

D

. Changing the cantings in a strong magnetic field is predicted to affect the magnon spectrum of the crystals.
Galvanic stabilization of Zn metals for long-life aqueous batteries
Authors: Yuan Linhua , Shi Ziying , Wan Yong , Zhang Jun , Liu Xianghong 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Rechargeable aqueous Zn-ion batteries have received extensive attention due to their environmental friendliness, high safety, and low cost. However, the Zn dendrite growth during plating/stripping cycles, which deteriorates coulombic efficiency and shortens the cycle life, dramatically hinders the application of Zn anodes in batteries. Herein, we propose to grow an In layer on Zn foils through spontaneous Galvanic reaction to address the challenging Zn dendrites. In-situ optical observations show that this strategy effectively suppresses the dendrite growth, thereby leading to a robust and stable Zn metal anode with low voltage hysteresis (30 mV at 0.4 mA·cm−2) and long cycle life of over 1200 h in symmetric cells. Meanwhile, the full cell assembled with the modified Zn anode and MnO2 cathode exhibits excellent cycling performance over 2000 cycles and a high discharge capacity of 89.1 mAh·g−1. This work provides an efficient pathway for interfacial engineering towards stable Zn anodes.
Non-ferromagnetic thin metal micron-sized defect detection system based on a coherent accumulation-difference method
Authors: Wei Bingkun , Chen Chen , Liu Runcong , Yang Jinling , Wang Xiaodong 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Copper and aluminum foils serve as predominant materials in fluid collectors, and defects within them can significantly impact the electrochemical performance of cells. However, existing methods for detecting defects within non-ferromagnetic thin metals, such as copper and aluminum foils, have several limitations. This study aims to address the need for detecting micrometer-scale defects on 0.1 mm copper foils, aligning with industrial field requirements. We devised an inspection device based on the induced magnetic field detection principle and explored the impact of copper foil undulations on micrometer-scale defect detection using COMSOL modeling. Subsequently, we introduced a coherent cumulative-differential algorithm to effectively mitigate the influences of circuit noise and sampling heave noise on defect signals. Consequently, the signal-to-noise ratios of 100- and 200-micron defect signals were significantly improved by 157% and 234%, respectively. This approach shows promise for detecting micrometer-scale defects in non-ferromagnetic thin metals and lays a robust foundation for future defect identification and inversion endeavors.
Asymptotic study of critical wave fronts for parameter-dependent Born–Infeld models: physically predicted behaviors and new phenomena
Authors: Garrione Maurizio 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we study some parameter-dependent reaction-diffusion models governed by the Born–Infeld (or Minkowski) operator. In dependence on two parameters

a
,
b
>
0

, related to the field strength and to the diffusivity, we investigate the limit critical speed for traveling fronts, together with the limit behavior of the associated critical profiles. As the two main results, on the one hand we rigorously show that for arbitrarily large electric fields the critical speed and the critical profile converge to the ones of the linear diffusion problem, agreeing with the well-known physical prediction that, in this case, Born’s law and Maxwell’s law coincide. Such a result is accompanied by a counterpart for arbitrarily small electric fields and a complete analysis for vanishing/large diffusion. On the other hand, we prove the onset of a new and unexpected phenomenon for the singular perturbation problem: the critical speed of propagation does not converge to zero and, for KPP or combustion-type reactions, the limit front profile becomes sharp on one side only. In fact, this latter coincides with the C
1-gluing of a piecewise linear profile having slope equal to 1 when nonconstant, and of a regular inviscid profile propagating at the limit speed. The gluing point and the value of the limit speed are determined explicitly. The outcomes of the whole discussion, based on a careful analysis of the first-order reduction associated with the original equation, show substantial differences and peculiarities of the Born–Infeld operator with respect to linear or saturating diffusions, and are supported by several numerical experiments.
A highly homogeneous electrorheological fluid with potential applications in optics
Authors: Hu Xueyan , Wei Hua , Li Chunde , Liu Shi , Zhou Yuxuan , Huang Yingzhou , Yu Hua , Wen Weijia 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
A new type of electrorheological fluid (ERF) with high ER efficiency, low zero-field viscosity and high uniformity was synthesized by a hydrolysis method, based on modified titanium and succinic acid. The electro-responsive performance of ERF under electric field 0–3 kV mm−1 were studied in detail. In addition to traditional research methods to explore the morphology of the ER particles, we also utilized optical diffraction imaging to study the uniformity of the chain-like structure formed by the ER particles. Due to the relatively uniform size, the particles aggregate into a periodic spatial modulation structure parallel to the electric field direction and similar to a grating on the macroscopic scale, which can further manufacture liquid controllable gratings. The observed diffraction spots, up to six levels, indicate the ERFs have potential applications in the field of optics.
Miniature water flow energy harvester based on savonius-type microturbine: an experimental study
Authors: Lepipas Georgios , Holmes Andrew S 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
In this experimental study, a miniature turbine-based water flow energy harvester designed for the purpose of providing power to wireless sensors within water pipes is reported. The device comprises a Savonius-type turbine and a radial flux permanent magnet electromagnetic generator. The two are magnetically coupled so that, while the turbine is submerged in the water flow, the generator operates in air. The device is cylindrical with a diameter of 0.8 cm and a length of 7.2 cm and, when inserted through a hole in a pipe wall so that only the turbine protrudes into the flow, it presents a cross-sectional area to the flow of only 1.25 cm2. Manufacturing was achieved through a blend of conventional machining methods, laser cutting, rapid prototyping, and the utilization of flexible printed circuit board technology for the generator stator. To ensure low friction and minimize cut in speed, ceramic ball bearings were employed. The prototype can function effectively at water velocities as low as 0.5 m s−1, generating electrical power within the range of 125 µW–5.1 mW when subjected to flow speeds between 0.5 and 2 m s−1. A maximum overall efficiency of 2.2% is achieved, when the water speed is 0.8 m s−1. Performance curves derived from experimental testing of the turbine for a range of rotor designs, obtained on a water flow rig, are presented and discussed.