bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Selective feeding behavior of calves is affected by basal diet
Authors: FUKASAWA Michiru , TSUKADA Hideharu , KOSAKO Takami 
Published: March 2005

ABSTRACTThe present study examined the way the selective feeding behavior of calves was affected by basal diet. Three basal diets containing oat hay and concentrate, with the addition of different levels of roughage content (low, medium and high) were prepared by changing their mix ratios. Orchard grass (OG) and Japanese pampas grass leaf (JP) were used as testing foods. In the preliminary phase, all calves were fed each basal diet three times per day and then food selection between JP and OG was examined. Dry matter intake (DMI) of JP and OG throughout the test was significantly different. Increasing the roughage rate in the basal diet decreased the DMI of JP, whereas the DMI of OG was increased. There was no significant effect of basal diet condition on nutrient intake, whereas the acid detergent fiber and neutral detergent fiber ingestive efficiency were affected by the basal diet condition. It is suggested that calves prefer food that complement the basal diet, even if nutrient requirements are met.
ThePasteurella multocida nrfEGene Is Upregulated during Infection and Is Essential for Nitrite Reduction but Not for Virulence
Authors: Boucher David J. , Adler Ben , Boyce John D. 
Published: March 2005

ABSTRACTPasteurella multocidais the causative agent of a range of diseases with economic importance in production animals. Many systems have been employed to identify virulence factors ofP. multocida, including in vivo expression technology (IVET), signature-tagged mutagenesis, and whole-genome expression profiling. In a previous study in which IVET was used withP. multocida,nrfEwas identified as a gene that is preferentially expressed in vivo. InEscherichia coli,nrfEis part of the formate-dependent nitrite reductase system involved in utilizing available nitrite as an electron accepter during growth under anaerobic conditions. In this study, we constructed an isogenicP. multocidastrain that was unable to reduce nitrite under either aerobic or anaerobic conditions, thereby demonstrating thatP. multocida nrfEis essential for nitrite reduction. However, thenrfEmutant was still virulent in mice. Real-time reverse transcription-PCR analysis indicated thatnrfEwas regulated independently ofnrfABCDby an independent promoter that is likely to be upregulated in vivo.
Strong Decrease in Invasive Ability and Outer Membrane Vesicle Release in Crohn's Disease-Associated Adherent-Invasive
Escherichia coli
Strain LF82 with the
yfgL
Gene Deleted
Authors: Rolhion Nathalie , Barnich Nicolas , Claret Laurent , Darfeuille-Michaud Arlette 
Published: March 2005

ABSTRACT

Adherent-invasive
Escherichia coli
strain LF82 recovered from a chronic lesion of a patient with Crohn's disease is able to invade cultured intestinal epithelial cells. Three mutants with impaired ability to invade epithelial cells had the Tn
5phoA
transposon inserted in the
yfgL
gene encoding the YfgL lipoprotein. A
yfgL
- negative isogenic mutant showed a marked decrease both in its ability to invade Intestine-407 cells and in the amount of the outer membrane proteins OmpA and OmpC in the culture supernatant, as shown by analysis of the culture supernatant protein contents by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry. Transcomplementation of the LF82-Δ
yfgL
isogenic mutant with the cloned
yfgL
gene restored invasion ability and outer membrane protein release in the culture supernatant. The outer membrane proteins in the culture supernatant of strain LF82 resulted from the formation of vesicles. This was shown by Western blot analysis of periplasmic and outer membrane fraction markers typically found in outer membrane vesicles and by transmission electron microscopic analysis of ultracentrifuged cell-free LF82 supernatant pellets, indicating the presence of vesicles with a bilayered structure surrounding a central electron-dense core. Thus, deletion of the
yfgL
gene in strain LF82 resulted in a decreased ability to invade intestinal epithelial cells and a decreased release of outer membrane vesicles.
N Glycolylation of the Nucleotide Precursors of Peptidoglycan Biosynthesis of
Mycobacterium
spp. Is Altered by Drug Treatment
Authors: Mahapatra Sebabrata , Scherman Hataichanok , Brennan Patrick J. , Crick Dean C. 
Published: March 2005

ABSTRACT

The peptidoglycan of
Mycobacterium
spp. reportedly has some unique features, including the occurrence of
N
-glycolylmuramic rather than
N-
acetylmuramic acid. However, very little is known of the actual biosynthesis of mycobacterial peptidoglycan, including the extent and origin of N glycolylation. In the present work, we have isolated and analyzed muramic acid residues located in peptidoglycan and UDP-linked precursors of peptidoglycan from
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
and
Mycobacterium smegmatis
. The muramic acid residues isolated from the mature peptidoglycan of both species were shown to be a mixture of the
N-
acetyl and
N-
glycolyl derivatives, not solely the N-glycolylated product as generally reported. The isolated UDP-linked
N
-acylmuramyl-pentapeptide precursor molecules also contain a mixture of
N-
acetyl and
N-
glycolyl muramyl residues in apparent contrast to previous observations in which the precursors isolated after treatment with
d
-cycloserine consisted entirely of
N-
glycolyl muropeptides. However, nucleotide-linked peptidoglycan precursors isolated from
M. tuberculosis
treated with
d
-cycloserine contained only
N-
glycolylmuramyl-tripeptide precursors, whereas those from similarly treated
M. smegmatis
consisted of a mixture of N-glycolylated and N-acetylated residues. The full pentapeptide intermediate, isolated following vancomycin treatment of
M. smegmatis
, consisted of the
N
-glycolyl derivative only, whereas the corresponding
M. tuberculosis
intermediate was a mixture of both the
N-
glycolyl and
N-
acetyl products. Thus, treatment with vancomycin and
d
-cylcoserine not only caused an accumulation of nucleotide-linked intermediate compounds but also altered their glycolylation status, possibly by altering the normal equilibrium maintained by de novo biosynthesis and peptidoglycan recycling.
Evidence that the Essential Response Regulator YycF inStreptococcus pneumoniaeModulates Expression of Fatty Acid Biosynthesis Genes and Alters Membrane Composition
Authors: Mohedano M. Luz , Overweg Karin , de la Fuente Alicia , Reuter Mark , Altabe Silvia , Mulholland Francis , de Mendoza Diego , López Paloma , Wells Jerry M. 
Published: March 2005

ABSTRACTThe YycFG two-component system, originally identified inBacillus subtilis, is highly conserved among gram-positive bacteria with low G+C contents. InStreptococcus pneumoniae, the YycF response regulator has been reported to be essential for cell growth, but the signal to which it responds and the gene members of the regulon remain unclear. In order to investigate the role of YycFG inS. pneumoniae, we increased the expression ofyycFby using a maltose-inducible vector and analyzed the genome-wide effects on transcription and protein expression during the course ofyycFexpression. The induction ofyycFexpression increased histidine kinaseyycGtranscript levels, suggesting an autoregulation of theyycFGoperon. Evidence from both proteomic and microarray transcriptome studies as well as analyses of membrane fatty acid composition indicated that YycFG is involved in the regulation of fatty acid biosynthesis pathways and in determining fatty acid chain lengths in membrane lipids. In agreement with recent transcriptome data on pneumococcal cells depleted of YycFG, we also identified several other potential members of the YycFG regulon that are required for virulence and cell wall biosynthesis and metabolism.
Characteristic Thermodependence of the RadA Recombinase from the Hyperthermophilic Archaeon
Desulfurococcus amylolyticus
Authors: Kil Yury V. , Glazunov Eugene A. , Lanzov Vladislav A. 
Published: March 2005

ABSTRACT

The
Desulfurococcus amylolyticus
RadA protein (RadA
Da
) promotes recombination at temperatures approaching the DNA melting point. Here, analyzing ATPase of the RadA
Da
presynaptic complex, we described other distinguishing characteristics of RadA
Da
. These include sensitivity to NaCl, preference for lengthy single-stranded DNA as a cofactor, protein activity at temperatures of over 100°C, and bimodal ATPase activity. These characteristics suggest that RadA
Da
is a founding member of a new class of archaeal recombinases.
Binding of pregnancy-specific glycoprotein 17 to CD9 on macrophages induces secretion of IL-10, IL-6, PGE2, and TGF-β1
Authors: Ha Cam T , Waterhouse Roseann , Wessells Jennifer , Wu Julie A , Dveksler Gabriela S 
Published: March 2005

AbstractPregnancy-specific glycoproteins (PSGs) are a family of secreted proteins produced by the placenta, which are believed to have a critical role in pregnancy success. Treatment of monocytes with three members of the human PSGs induces interleukin (IL)-10, IL-6, and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) secretion. To determine whether human and murine PSGs have similar functions and use the same receptor, we treated wild-type and CD9-deficient macrophages with murine PSG17N and human PSG1 and -11. Our data show that murine PSG17N induced secretion of IL-10, IL-6, prostaglandin E2, and TGF-β1 and that CD9 expression is required for the observed induction of cytokines. Therefore, the ability of PSG17 to induce anti-inflammatory cytokines parallels that of members of the human PSG family, albeit human and murine PSGs use different receptors, as CD9-deficient and wild-type macrophages responded equally to human PSGs. We then proceeded to examine the signaling mechanisms responsible for the CD9-mediated response to PSG17. Inhibition of cyclooxygenase 2 significantly reduced the PSG17N-mediated increase in IL-10 and IL-6. Further characterization of the response to PSG17 indicated that cyclic adenosine monophosphate-dependent protein kinase A (PKA) is involved in the up-regulation of IL-10 and IL-6, and it is not required for the induction of TGF-β1. Conversely, treatment of macrophages with a PKC inhibitor reduced the PSG17-mediated induction of TGF-β1, IL-6, and IL-10 significantly. The induction of anti-inflammatory cytokines by various PSGs supports the hypothesis that these glycoproteins have an essential role in the regulation of the maternal immune response in species with hemochorial placentation.
Tourism and Culture: An Applied Perspective; Tourists and Tourism: Identifying with People and Places
Authors: Crick Malcolm 
Published: March 2005

Tourism and Culture: An Applied Perspective. ERVE CHAMBERS. ed. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1997. viil. 221 pp., figures, notes, contributors, references, index.Tourists and Tourism: Identifying with People and Places. SIMONE ABRAM. JAQUELINE WALDREN. and DONALD V. L. MACLEOD. eds. Oxford: Berg, 1997. xi. 245 pp., figures, notes, contributors, bibliographies, index.
Introgression of Nuclear DNA (nDNA) Alleles of Stocked Atlantic Coast Striped Bass with the Last Remaining Native Gulf of Mexico Population
Authors: Wirgin Isaac , Currie Diane , Roy Nirmal , Maceda Lorraine , Waldman John R. 
Published: March 2005

Abstract
Since the 1960s, only the Apalachicola–Chattahoochee–Flint (ACF) river system has continually supported a naturally reproducing population of striped bass Morone saxatilis of Gulf of Mexico (Gulf) lineage. Striped bass fry and fingerlings of Atlantic ancestry (from the Santee– Cooper system) were introduced into the ACF from the late 1960s to 1977. Genotypes were previously identified that were unique to fish from the ACF and that confirmed the continued natural reproduction of striped bass of Gulf ancestry within that population. Also, no significant difference in haplotype frequencies between “pure” archived ACF and extant ACF samples was found at an Xba I mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) restriction site that is diagnostic in distinguishing extant ACF from extant Atlantic specimens. This suggested that significant maternally mediated introgression of Atlantic mtDNA genomes has not occurred. However, because mtDNA is maternally inherited, the introgression of paternally derived nuclear DNA alleles into the ACF gene pool was not evaluated. In this study, five microsatellite loci were identified that were diagnostic in distinguishing between extant Atlantic and ACF fish. The frequencies of diagnostic alleles at three of these loci were determined in archived scale samples of Gulf striped bass from the ACF and Atlantic fish from the St. Johns River along the Atlantic coast of Florida. Fixed differences in allelic identity were found between the archived collections at two loci and significant frequency differences at the third. Significant allelic frequency differences at all three loci were found between extant ACF samples collected over 8 years and the archived ACF collection. These were used to estimate that the degree of introgression of alleles of Santee–Cooper origin with the extant ACF population is 0.515. Despite the introgression of Atlantic alleles, management efforts to restore the ACF population are warranted because of continued successful natural reproduction and the substantial frequencies of unique Gulf alleles in its population.
Wood dust exposure and the association with lung cancer risk
Authors: Barcenas Carlos H. , Delclos George L. , El‐Zein Randa , Tortolero‐Luna Guillermo , Whitehead Lawrence W. , Spitz Margaret R. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractBackgroundWood dust was designated as a human carcinogen based on increased sinus and nasal cancer rates among exposed workers. However, data on an association with lung cancer have been inconclusive.MethodsSelf‐reported wood dust exposure was compared between 1,368 lung cancer patients and 1,192 cancer‐free adults, in a lung cancer case‐control study. Epidemiological information was collected through a detailed personal interview.ResultsUsing several definitions of wood dust exposure we consistently observed statistically significant elevated adjusted risk estimates; for example, the adjusted odds ratio (OR) for combined wood dust related occupations and industries was 3.15 (95% confidence intervals (CI) 1.45–6.86) and for an overall summary exposure measure it was 1.60 (95% CI 1.19–2.14). The association was maintained when stratified by histopathological type. Among those exposed to cigarette smoke and wood dust, 21% of the cases were attributable to biologic interaction.ConclusionsWood dust exposure is a potential risk factor for lung cancer. Am. J. Ind. Med. 47:349–357, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of tractor driving on hearing loss in farmers in India
Authors: Kumar Adarsh , Mathur N.N. , Varghese Mathew , Mohan Dinesh , Singh J.K. , Mahajan Punnet 
Published: March 2005

AbstractBackgroundIndian tractor drivers operate their tractors and other implements/equipment in an environment which can have extreme temperatures and high level of suspended particulate matter. In addition, Indian tractors do not have adequate vibration and noise attenuating designs features. This cross‐sectional study compares the hearing status of tractor driving farmers (TDFs) (study group) and non‐tractor driving farmers (NTDFs) (control group) matched for age, sex, generic/ethnic group, land holding, education levels, and work routines.MethodTwo groups of 50 experienced tractor‐driving farmers and 50 non‐driving farmers were selected from 2 villages, 50 km from Delhi. All participants were interviewed for details of work routine and noise exposures. An audiogram was performed and noise measurements taken on tractors and other machines.ResultsSelf‐reported hearing problems were similar (4 cases each) in both the groups of 50 farmers. However, audiogram analysis showed higher prevalence of abnormalities in TDFs. TDFs (24) had more often high frequency hearing loss when compared to NTDFs (14). The noise levels observed on tractors in different operations were in the range of 90–110 dB (A).ConclusionsTractor noise levels exceeded the recommended safe limits of OSHA and NIOSH prescribed standards. TDFs had higher high frequency hearing loss than NTDFs. The mechanism of damage and prevention needs to be studied further. Am. J. Ind. Med. 47:341–348, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Noise exposures of rail workers at a North American chemical facility
Authors: Landon Paul , Breysse Patrick , Chen Yuju 
Published: March 2005

AbstractBackgroundBoth continuous and impact noise exposures of rail yards and railways have been historically understudied. We summarize noise exposures to rail workers at a large chemical facility in North America.MethodsRail workers were surveyed over the course of three 12‐hr shifts. Personal noise dosimeters were used to derive a 12‐hr time‐weighted average (LAVG), an 8‐hr time‐weighted average (LTWA), and a percent dose. Peak and maximum sound levels were also recorded during each sampling period. Six workers were sampled on three separate days for a total of 18 full‐shift noise samples.ResultsFull‐shift noise exposures were all below the Occupational Safety and Health Administration's (OSHA) permissible exposure limit (PEL) and action level for a 12‐hr workday. Peak impact sound levels exceeded 140 dB in 17 of 18 samples (94%) with a mean peak sound level of 143.9 dB. Maximum continuous sound levels were greater than 115 dBA in 4 of 18 samples (22%) with a mean maximum sound level of 113.1 dBA. The source of peak impact sound levels was a daily exposure to a concussion caused by a sudden break in a freight airline.ConclusionsRail workers at this facility are at risk of noise induced hearing loss from high impact noise exposures. Peak impact and maximum continuous sound levels can be attenuated through the use of hearing protection or by increasing distances from railroad noise sources. Am. J. Ind. Med. 47:364–369, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Nanoparticles in Energy Technology: Examples from Electrochemistry and Catalysis
Authors: Raimondi Fabio , Scherer Günther G. , Kötz Rüdiger , Wokaun Alexander 
Published: March 2005

AbstractNanoparticles are key components in the advancement of future energy technologies, thus, strategies for preparing nanoparticles in large volume by techniques that are cost‐effective are required. In the substitution of fossil‐fuels by renewable energy resources, nanometer‐sized particles play a key role for synthesizing energy vectors from varying and heterogeneous biomass feedstocks. They are extensively used in reformers for the production of hydrogen from solid, liquid, or gaseous energy carriers. Catalyst activities depend critically on their size‐dependent properties. Nanoparticles are further indispensable as electrocatalysts in fuel cells and other electrochemical converters. The desire to increase the activity per unit area, and decrease the necessary amount of the expensive catalytic standard, platinum, has spurred innovative approaches for the synthesis of platinum‐alloy nanoparticles by wet chemistry, colloidal routes, or physical techniques such as sputtering.
Effects of the chemical structure on the heat resistance of thermoplastic expandable microspheres
Authors: Kawaguchi Yasuhiro , Itamura Yosuke , Onimura Kenjiro , Oishi Tsutomu 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThe effects of various additional non‐nitrile‐containing monomers on the heat resistance of thermoplastic expandable microspheres containing acrylonitrile and methacrylonitrile were investigated to determine the correlation between the chemical structure and expandable properties. Thermoplastic expandable microspheres were synthesized by suspension polymerization, with acrylonitrile and methacrylonitrile as the main ingredients and seven kinds of methacrylic acid derivatives, methacrylic acid, and acrylic acid as non‐nitrile‐containing monomers. The expandable properties, that is, the maximum expansion temperature, the expansion start temperature, and the maximum dimension change, were measured with thermomechanical analysis. For the development of heat‐resistant microspheres, polymer structures with smaller functional free volumes, higher glass‐transition temperatures, and higher cohesive energy densities, such as methyl acrylic acid, were applied as non‐nitrile‐containing monomers. Molecular structures such as COOH groups with strong electrostatic interactions and hydrogen‐bonding forces were found to be suitable for high heat resistance. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 96: 1306–1312, 2005
Thermal, mechanical, and surface characterization of starch–poly(vinyl alcohol) blends and borax‐crosslinked films
Authors: Sreedhar B. , Sairam M. , Chattopadhyay D. K. , Rathnam P. A. Syamala , Rao D. V. Mohan 
Published: March 2005

AbstractStarch–poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) blends with different compositions were prepared and crosslinked with borax by in situ and posttreatment methods. Various amounts of glycerol and poly(ethylene glycol) with a molecular weight of 400 were added to the formulations as plasticizers. The pure starch–PVA blends and the crosslinked blends were subjected to differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetry, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopic studies. Broido and Coats–Redfern equations were used to calculate the thermal decomposition kinetic parameters. The tensile strengths and elongation percentages of the films were also evaluated. The results suggested that the glass‐transition temperature (Tg) and the melting temperature strongly depended on the plasticizer concentration. The enthalpy relaxation phenomenon was dependent on the starch content in the pure blend. The crosslinked films showed higher stability and lower Tg's than pure PVA and starch–PVA blends, respectively. High‐resolution X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy provided a method of differentiating the presence of various carbons associated with different environments in the films. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 96: 1313–1322, 2005
Influence of the processing on the completion of curing in epoxy‐based composites
Authors: Vouyovitch L. , Flandin L. , Merle G. , Bessede J.‐L. , Alberola N. D. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractDifferential scanning calorimetry analysis was used to investigate interrelationships between several thermal parameters and the processing conditions of particle‐filled thermosetting resins. On the same piece, obtained by injection molding, epoxy‐based composites exhibited sensible differences within a set of measurements of the glass‐transition temperature, the width of the transition, the difference in the heat capacity, and the conversion degree. Statistical analysis showed a strong intercorrelation between these thermal parameters, but it could not provide any explanation for the disparities. The dispersion of the measured properties could, in a second step, be directly related to a sample's position with respect to the injection point in the mold. Moreover, even the postcuring stage could not erase this topological effect. As a result, a phenomenological model is proposed that fairly describes the experimental trends. This simple polynomial approach can subsequently be used either to determine the thermal parameters of any point of a molded piece or to shed some light on phenomena responsible for the large variations of the measured quantities. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 96: 1368–1376, 2005