bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Complex partial status epilepticus following myelography with metrizamide
Authors: Russell D. , Anke I. M. , Nyberg‐Hansen R. , Sletcnes O. , Sortland O. , Veger T. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractComplex partial status epilepticus developed in two patients following myelography with metrizamide. The status epilepticus was manifested by confusion and complex motor symptoms, and electroencephalograms (EEGs) showed ictal activity alternating independently over both hemispheres. Immediate clinical improvement occurred with antiepileptic treatment, and to date no sequelae have been observed. Neither patient had a previous history of epileptic seizures, but both had preexisting EEG abnormalities.
Compressive myelopathy in maroteaux‐lamy syndrome: Clinical and pathological findings
Authors: Young Richard , Kleinman George , Ojemann Robert G. , Kolodny Edwin , Davis Kenneth , Halperin John , Zalneraitis Edwin , Robert DeLong G. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractA 41‐year‐old woman with Maroteaux‐Lamy syndrome developed spastic tetraparesis due to a compressive cervical myelopathy. There was substantial improvement following lammectomy and excision of the markedly thickened dura. Light and electron microscopic studies showed extensive accumulations of balloon cells in the dura.
Thrombotic stroke associated with elevated plasma factor VIII
Authors: Kosik Kenneth S. , Furie Bruce 
Published: January 2005

AbstractA previously healthy 43‐year‐old woman developed bilateral middle cerebral artery occlusion, thrombocytopenia, and multiple thrombi of arteries in the spleen. No underlying cause of her thrombotic disease was detected except for a factor VIII level that was elevated fivefold. An etiological relationship between the cerebral occlusive disease and elevated factor VIII level is suggested. We recommend that factor VIII levels be assayed in patients with stroke when an underlying disorder is not identified.
Generalized chorea associated with chronic subdural hematomas
Authors: Bae Sung H. , Vates Thomas S. , Kenton Edgar J. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractTwo patients with chronic bilateral subdural hematomas developed symmetrical generalized choreiform movements. In one patient the chorea disappeared after evacuation of the hematomas, and in the other the movements improved. The latter patient has a family history of Huntington's disease.
Correlation of intracellular redox states and pH with blood flow in primary and secondary seizure foci
Authors: Tenny Robert T. , Sharbrough Frank W. , Anderson Bas Robert E. , Sundt Thoralf M. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractEpileptogenic foci were created by topical application of penicillin to the cerebral cortex in 40 paralyzed and artificially ventilated cats receiving halothane anesthesia. The animals were divided into two equal groups to compare primary and secondary foci. The following variables were recorded at normocapnia, hypocapnia, and hypercapnia prior to and during seizure activity: cerebral blood flow (CBF), determined by clearance of xenon 133; cortical redox states, measured by the fluorescence of reduced pyridine nucleotides (PN); brain pH, measured using a lipid‐soluble, pH‐sensitive fluorescent indicator; and electroencephalograms (EEG). Mean arterial blood pressure, arterial pH, arterial carbon dioxide tension (Pa), and arterial oxygen tension (Pa) were monitored in each animal. All animals had a normal Pa‐CBF response prior to the creation of a seizure focus, assuring the presence of autoregulation and normal metabolic function.CBF increased equally with seizures in the primary and secondary hemispheres. The relative increase was related to the Paco2 but approximated 68% at normocapnia. There was an alteration in the Paco2‐CBF response with seizures, but the ability of the cerebral vasculature to constrict and dilate with hypocapnia and hypercapnia was retained. There was no significant difference in the reduced PN signal with variations in Paco2 prior to seizures, but there was an apparent 10 to 15% fall with seizures. The “equivalent” intracellular pH fell to 6.94 at normocapnia in the primary focus but remained essentially unchanged from the control value of 7.10 in the secondary focus. These differences in pH were consistent with the greater degree of seizure activity observed in the primary focus. We conclude that a nonhypoxic acidosis existed in the primary focus and that changes in CBF were not related to it because the CBF changed equally in both hemispheres.
Human diabetic endoneurial sorbitol, fructose, and myo‐inositol related to sural nerve morphometry
Authors: Dyck Peter James , Sherman William R. , Hallcher Loretta M. , John Service F. , O'Brien Peter C. , Grina Lucy A. , Palumbo Pasquale J. , Swanson Carol J. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractFascicles of the sural nerve from each of 20 diabetic patients, mostly with maturity‐onset diabetes, were studied by biochemical and pathological techniques, and results were compared to values found in nerve specimens from 15 healthy persons. The sorbitol and fructose content was much more variable in diabetic than in healthy nerves. More than one‐third of the diabetic nerves had sorbitol and fructose values above the highest levels for controls. myo‐Inositol and scyllo‐inositol content was not reduced in diabetic nerves. The sorbitol, fructose, and inositol concentrations could not be related to clinical, neurophysiological, or pathological severity of neuropathy. A comparison of scored symptoms and signs and clinical neurophysiological studies against morphometric and teased fiber studies of sural nerve demonstrated that the former three provide sensitive and reliable measures of severity of neuropathy that can be used for controlled clinical trials of diabetic neuropathy. The presence and type of teased fiber abnormalities could be related to the duration of diabetes and to symptoms of neuropathy. In untreated diabetics without symptoms of neuropathy, a higher than normal frequency of teased fibers showing segmental demyelination and remyelination was found. Untreated diabetics with symptomatic neuropathy showed two kinds of abnormalities: fibers with segmental demyelination and remyelination and fibers undergoing axonal degeneration. In treated diabetics, who often had longstanding neuropathy, the most common abnormalities were fibers undergoing axonal degeneration.
Encephalitis after inhalation of measles virus: A pathogenetic study in hamsters
Authors: Parhad Irma M. , Johnson Kenneth P. , Wolinsky Jerry S. , Swoveland Peggy 
Published: January 2005

AbstractA neuroadapted strain of measles virus (HNT) was administered by inhalation to newborn hamsters. Primary replication of virus in the lung was followed by the transient appearance of virus in spleen within 7 to 9 days of inoculation. A terminal encephalitis occurred between 6 and 60 days in 31% of infecfted hamsters, and virus was recovered by explant culture of these brains. Virus could not be cultured directly from brain or tissue homogenates. At least 7% of hamsters that had survived the infection for two months had antibody to measles virus. The histopathological change in morbid animals was limited to the central nervous system (CNS) and consisted of small foci of necrosis, perivascular mononuclear cell infiltrates, intracytoplasmic and intranuclear inclusions, and vacuolated pyknotic neurons. Immunofluorescent studies disclosed measles antigen in the lungs and brain. This hamster moENl of measles encephalitis following a “natural” route of inoculation appears to represent a faithful reproduction of certain CNS complications of natural measles infection in humans, i.e., measles encephalitis and subacute sclerosing panencephalitis.
Hand wasting in spondylotic high cord compression: An electromyographic study
Authors: Stark Richard J. , Kennard Christopher , Swash Michael 
Published: January 2005

AbstractConventional and single‐fiber electromyographic studies in two patients with a wasted hand associated with spondylotic narrowing of the spinal canal at C3‐4 and C5‐6 revealed changes that were most severe in the hand muscles (C8, T1) and moENrately severe in the extensor digitorum communis (C7), but relatively spared the C5 and C6 myotomes. This gradation of abnormality within the cervical cord is consistent with stagnant hypoxia secondary to venous congestion.
Measurement of early spontaneous recovery from aphasia with stroke
Authors: Hartman Jacqueline 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe amount of spontaneous change in aphasia was quantified in 44 right‐handed patients who were aphasic following a first and unihemispheric stroke. All were initially tested less than 14 days after onset and were reevaluated at a mean of 30 days. The Porch Index of Communicative Ability was administered for objective and precise measurement. Forty‐one of the patients Demonstrated significant improvement, a finding which must be taken into account in evaluating any claims for effectiveness of speech therapy.
Pain II: New approaches to management
Authors: Fields Howard L. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThere is an intrinsic analgesia system in the brain with both endogenous opioid and biogenic amine links. This system provides a basis for understanding how different therapeutic approaches relieve pain. The present review critically evaluates the analgesic efficacy of the following therapies: placebo administration, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, acupuncture, intrathecal and epidural opiate injection, electrical stimulation of the brain, and psychotropic drugs.
Myoclonic seizures following chlorambucil overdose
Authors: Byrne Thomas N. , Moseley Thomas A. E. , Finer Michael A. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractA 3½‐year‐old child developed myoclonic seizures following a chlorambucil overdose. Serial electroencephalograms showed paroxysmal discharges that continued several days beyond clinical seizure activity. The use of the electroencephalogram when chlorambucil toxicity is suspected is discussed.
Glycogen debrancher deficiency is reproduced in muscle culture
Authors: Miranda Armand F. , DiMauro Salvatore , Antler Adriane , Rowland Lewis P. , Stern Lawrence Z. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractMuscle cultured from two adults with debrancher deficiency myopathy showed abnormal glycogen deposits by electron microscopy. Glycogen debranching activity was markedly decreased, but phosphorylase activity was normal. Lack of glycogen debraching acstivity in muscle cultures from debrancher‐deficient patients contrasts with the presence of a fetal isoenzyme of phosphorylase in muscle cultured from patients with McArdle disease and suggests that the genetic control of the debraching enzyme does not change during muscle development.
Spinal cord infarction secondary to intervertebral disc embolism
Authors: Srigley John R. , Lambert Colin D. , Bilbao Juan M. , Pritzker Kenneth P. H. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractA 45‐year‐old man acutely developed high spinal cord infarction. At autopsy a clinically occult fracture of a vertebral body was demonstrated. Emboli consisting of intervertebral disc material were found in marrow vessels and in the anterior spinal artery in the area of the infarct.
Evidence for a “dying‐back” gliopathy in demyelinating disease
Authors: Johnson Edward S. , Ludwin Samuel K. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractRecurent demyelination was produced in mice by Cuprizone administration. During the second course of Cuprizone, the animals showed greater resistance to the toxin and demyelination occurred slowly and was complete only after prolonged periods. The earliest changes in oligodendrocytes occurred in the most distal processes, the inner cytoplasmic tongues, which showed degenerative changes 3 to 4 weeks before degeneration of the oligodendrocyte cell bodies or demyelination occurred. The results show for the first time that in demyelinating disease, a “dying‐back” process similar to that described in axonal disease can affect the oligodendrocyte.
Leukocyte and bacterial interrelationships in experimental meningitis
Authors: Giampaolo Casimiro , Scheld Michael , Boyd James , Savory John , Sande Merle , Wills Michael 
Published: January 2005

AbstractEighty‐one rabbits were inoculated with known concentrations of type III pneumococci by cisternal puncture and then started on antibiotic therapy the following day. Aliquots of cerebrospinal fluid were sampled at regular intervals both before and after therapy and then analyzed for bacterial titer and leukocyte count. These data were used to examine the interrelationships of inoculum size, leukocyte count, and bacterial titer to each other and their effects both univariately and multivariately on outcome. Inoculum size was the most important single variable affecting outcome, followed in order by the pretherapeutic bacterial titer and leukocyte count. Higher leukocyte counts early in the course of the disease prior to therapy were associated with a favorable outcome. Continued leukocyte elevation after therapy was associated with a poor prognosis. No correlations were found between inoculum size and subsequent bacterial titers; however, the bacterial titer immediately prior to therapy correlated negatively with the level of the early white cell response. The best prognostic information was obtained from the multivariate analysis of inoculum size and pretherapeutic white cell response.
Asterixis and encephalopathy following metrizamide myelography: Investigations into possible mechanisms and review of the literature
Authors: Bertoni John M. , Schwartzman Robert Jay , van Horn Gage , Partin James 
Published: January 2005

AbstractMarked asterixis occurred in two patients following metrizamide myelography. One also suffered generalized seizures and the other had severe stuttering speech for seven days. The spectrum of toxic manifestations of metrizamide is reviewed with emphasis on the unusual lethargy and other depressive effects seen with this relatively safe agent. The hypothesis that metrizamide exerts a ouabain‐like effect on the cortical surface was tested. Metrizamide in concentrations as high as 20 mM had no inhibitory effect on rat cerebral K+‐para‐nitrophenylphosphatase, a partial reaction of (Na1 + K1)‐adenosine triphosphatase. Because metrizamide is a 2‐deoxyglucose analogue, a competitive inhibition of hexokinase at the first step in glycolysis was also postulated. Metrizamide was found to competitively inhibit commercial (microbial) hexokinase. The Michaelis constant for glucose rises from 0.13 to 0.25 to 0.33 to 0.91 mM in the presence of 0, 0.4, 1.0, and 2.0 mM metrizamide, respectively. Since the concentration of metrizamide over the cerebral cortex after routine myelography may be approximately 50 mM compared with a glucose concentration of only 3.6 mM (65 mg/dl), it is postulated that impaired brain glucose metabolism may be responsible for some of the toxic effects of metrizamide.
Epilepsy complicated by sleep apnea
Authors: Wyler Allen R. , Weymuller Ernest A. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractA patient with a medically intractable seizure disorder was found to suffer sleep apnea as well. Treating the sleep apnea with permanent tracheostomy improved his generalized seizures. Although this combination of neurological disorders is probably rare, it should be considered if a suggestive history is obtained.
Evoked responses in vitamin B12 deficiency
Authors: Krumholz Allan , Weiss Howard D. , Goldstein Phillip J. , Harris Kenneth C. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractAbnormalities of visual, brainstem auditory, and somatosensory evoked responses were demonstrated in two of seven individuals with vitamin B12 deficiency. The evoked response delays correlated directly with the degree of neurological dysfunction. Abnormalities were present in sensory systems without clinical evidence of involvement and were similar to those found in individuals with multiple sclerosis.
Preservation of the phrenic motoneurons in werdnig‐hoffmann disease
Authors: Kuzuhara Shegeki , Chou Samuel M. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractA neuropathological study on spinal cords at the third, fourth, and fifth cervical levels in 4 patients with Werdnig‐Hoffmann disease revealed marked, generalized loss of motoneurons except for a cluster of large or medium‐sized ones in the most medial portion of the anteromedial cell group. These well‐preserved neurons were regarded as the phrenic motoneurons because diaphragmatic movement was the only muscle activity that remained until the last stage of illness. Furthermore, in its location and its cytoarchitectonic and neuronal characteristics, this neuronal cluster coincides with the phrenic nucleus as previously localized in the spinal cords of patients with phrenicotomy.
Quantification of de novo central nervous system igg measles antibody synthesis in sspe
Authors: Tourtellotte Wallace W. , Ma Booe I. , Brandes D. B. , Walsh M. J. , Potvin Alfred R. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractDe novo central nervous system (CNS) IgG measles antibody synthesis rate was determined in two patients with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE). Cerebrospinal fluid and sera were incubated with different concentrations of measles virus to determine maximum absorption of IgG. The difference in IgG concentration before and after incubation was considered the amount of measles‐specinc IgG antibody. Various tests were done to assess the immunological specificity of the absorption test. Using our empirical formula, the de novo CNS IgG measles antibody synthesis rate for one patient with SSPE was 57 mg/day, or 59% of the total CNS IgG synthesis rate; for the other it was 145 mg/day, or 82%. Daily determination of CNS measles antibody by empirical formula provides a quantification of humoral immunity in SSPE that corrects for both passage of measles antibody across a damaged blood‐brain barrier and the effect of an elevated blood antibody level.
Adult‐onset acid maltase deficiency presenting as diaphragmatic paralysis
Authors: Sivak Edward D. , Salanga Virgilio D. , Wilbourn Asa J. , Mitsumoto Hiroshi , Golish Joseph 
Published: January 2005

AbstractA 51‐year‐old man presented with a six‐year history of gradually progressive exertional dyspnea. His complaint was attributed to increasing age, but evaluation finally led to a diagnosis of diaphragmatic paralysis. Neurological examination disclosed only minimal evidence of weakness of limb muscles. Electromyographic studies suggested a diagnosis of acid maltase deficiency, which was confirmed by electron microscopic and biochemical studies of muscle biopsy sections. Exercise stress testing was necessary to define the limits of the patient's exercise tolerance.
Confrontation visual field techniques in the detection of anterior visual pathway lesions
Authors: Trobe Jonathan D. , Acosta Paulo C. , Krischer Jeffrey P. , Trick Gary L. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe accuracy of a variety of finger and color confrontation tests in identifying chiasmal and optic nerve visual field defects was assessed in patients whose field defects had been established beforehand by a conventional achromatic kinetic technique on the Goldmann perimeter. Kinetic and static finger confrontation methods identified an average of 42% of the 28 chiasmal hemianopic defects. False negatives included eyes with hemianopias complete to the largest (V4e) Goldmann isopter. False positives (average, 15%) occurred in eyes containing nerve fiber bundle defects with borders that fell near the vertical fixational meridian.Kinetic and static color confrontation techniques were 78.6% sensitive to hemianopias. Accuracy did not differ significantly whether the red target was presented kinetically or statically against the tangent screen, projected on the Autoplot screen, or held in the examiner's hand without attention to background. False positives (average, 23%) were slightly greater than with finger confrontation methods and occurred not only in eyes with nerve fiber bundle defects but also in eyes with no defects in reference visual fields.Finger confrontation identified 11% or fewer of optic nerve field defects, while some color techniques detected as many as 33 1/3%. There were no false positives.
18FDG positron emission computed tomography in a study of aphasia
Authors: Metter E. Jeffrey , Wasterlain Claude G. , Kuhl David E. , Hanson Wayne R. , Phelps Michael E. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractPositron emission computed tomography (PECT) using 18F‐2‐fluoro‐2‐deoxy‐D‐glucose (FDG) was used to investigate the correlations between clinical status, anatomy (as described by CT), and metabolism in five patients with stable aphasia resulting from ischemic cerebral infarction. Local cerebral metabolic activity was diminished in an area larger than the area of infarction demonstrated by CT. In one patient, FDG PECT revealed a metabolic lesion that probably caused the aphasic syndrome and was not apparent by CT. The data suggest that reliance on CT in delineating the extent of the brain lesion in aphasia or other neuropsychological defects can be misleading; FDG PECT may provide important additional information. Two patients with similar metabolic lesions had very different clinical syndromes, showing that even when currently available methods are combined, major gaps remain in clinicoanatomical correlations in aphasia.
Humoral immunity in guamanians with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and parkinsonism‐dementia
Authors: Hoffman Paul M. , Robbins Deanna S. , Oldstone M. B. A. , Gibbs C. J. , Gajdusek D. Carleton 
Published: January 2005

AbstractAmong Guamanian natives, serum IgA and IgG levels were found to be higher than normal in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS); serum IgA was higher and IgM lower than normal in parkinsonism‐dementia (PD). IgA levels increased with age in ALS, PD, and normal subjects; IgG increased with age in ALS and IgM decreased with age in PD. Serum immunoglobulin (Ig) levels did not correlate with the duration of either disease. Immunodeficient ALS and PD patients had higher IgM and lower IgA levels than the other ALS and PD patients.Neither differences in viral antibody titers nor the presence of autoantibodies or circulating immune complexes could account for the variations in serum Ig levels between patients and controls. We conclude that differences in serum Ig levels in ALS and PD patients are probably due to repeated infections and abnormal immunoregulation accompanying immunodeficiency during the course of ALS and PD, rather than to a specific antiviral or autoimmune response.
Effect of L‐glutamine and isoniazid on torticollis and segmental dystonia
Authors: Korein Juulius , Lieberman Abraham , Kupersmith Mark , Levidow Lucie 
Published: January 2005

AbstractFourteen patients with spasmodic torticollis and other segmental dystonic syndromes, who were refractory to previous forms of therapy, were selected for treatment with drugs intended to elevate brain γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) levels. These patients were simultaneously given diazepam, isoniazid, pyridoxine, and large doses of L‐glutamine. Involuntary spasmodic activity improved to varying degrees in 7 patients; in 2 the dyskinesia became worse. Transient alteration of renal or hepatic function occurred in 6 patients and mild euphoria unrelated to neurological improvement in 8. Two patients are still being treated. Deficiency of GABA may be a factor in some patients with these disorders.