bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Direct observation of coherent azobenzene photochemistry
Authors: Standfuss Jörg , Weinert Tobias , Wranik Maximillian , Church Jonathan , Seidel Hans Peter , Slavov Chavdar , Masini Tiziana , James Daniel , Glover Hannah , Carrillo Melissa , Kekilli Demet , Stipp Robin , Skopintsev Petr , Bruenle Steffen , Gaillard Natacha , Furrer Antonia , Gashi Dardan , Mühlethaler Tobias , Beale John , Nass Karol , Johnson Philip , Cirelli Claudio , Ozerov Dmitry , Dworkowski Florian , Bacellar Camila , Milne Christopher , Steinmetz Michel , Wachtveitl Josef , Schapiro Igor 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Molecular photoswitches are versatile natural or synthetic molecules that undergo reversible conformational changes in response to light. In chemistry azobenzenes act as ubiquitous synthetic photoswitches1 with applications ranging from opto-electronics2, over molecular machines3 to photopharmacology4. Their isomerization mechanism defines their molecular properties and yet is controversially debated, as the underlying ultrafast photochemistry is challenging to resolve in time and space. In this study, we have used an X-ray Free Electron Laser to observe coherent structural transitions in the prototypical photoswitch azo-combretastatin A4 bound to its protein target tubulin. A molecular movie assembled from a crystallographic femtosecond scan and snapshots of kinetic intermediates in the femto-to-nanosecond range show how the cis isomer overcomes energy barriers in the excited state, traverses the conical intersection into a twisted ground state conformation, cools, stretches and finally relaxes into a planarized trans conformer. Our crystallographic data at near-atomic resolution contrasted with femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopic data and quantum chemical trajectories provides an experimental and theoretical description of the ultrafast azobenzene photoreaction. These fundamental insights reveal surprising parallels between natural and synthetic photoswitches opening a route for the design of artificial photoswitching proteins.
Maternal demographic and socioeconomic correlates of child mortality in Papua New Guinea: Evidence from the integrated Health and Demographic Surveillance System
Authors: Emori Rebecca Bogarobu , Pham Bang Nguyen , Ha Tam , Parrish Anne-Maree , Okely Anthony David 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background Papua New Guinea (PNG) continues to struggle with high child U5MRs, with data from the PNG Census reporting 63.9 deaths per 1000 live births. Addressing high child U5MRs remains a health priority for PNG in line with the UN SDG3. This study aimed to examine the socio-demographic correlates associated with U5MR in PNG.
Methods The 2015 Women of Reproductive Age (15-49 years) and Household Socio-Economic Status datasets from the PNG Institute of Medical Research (PNGIMR) integrated Health Demographic Surveillance System (iHDSS) were used to examine associations between surveillance site, maternal age, marital status and household wealth quintile and U5MR. The main outcome measure was under-5 mortality (death from between 0-59 months) determined by using data from women of reproductive age who had experienced under-five mortality in the lifetime. Sociodemographic factors were assessed using participant interviews. Chi-square and logistic regressions were used to test the strength of associations between factors and U5MR.
Results A total of 5,899 women were included in the study. Factorssignificantly associated with U5MR were maternal age group and marital status. Children born to mothers aged 15-19 [OR: 10.91 (95% CI: 3.70-32.15)] and children born to mothers aged 20-24 [OR: 3.11 (95% CI: 1.65 -5.85)] had higher likelihood of experiencing U5MR compared to children who were born to mothers aged 40-49. Children born to single mothers [OR: 1.91 (95% CI: 1.19-3.05) were more likely to experience U5MR compared to children born to married mothers. Compared with the Hiri surveillance site, U5MR was lower in Asaro [OR: 0.54 (95% CI: 0.32-0.90)] and Hides [OR: 0.25 (95% CI: 0.11-0.59)] surveillance sites. No associations were found between the U5MR and household wealth quintile.
Conclusions This study highlights the importance of re-evaluating existing maternal and child health intervention programs. Comprehensive approaches are needed to address associated maternal and household socio-economic factors to improve U5MR in PNG.
The dynamic risk spillover effects among carbon, renewable energy, and electricity markets based on the TVP-VAR-DY model
Authors: Luo Yimin , Hong Shuifeng , Guang Fengtao 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The linkages among carbon, renewable energy, and electricity markets are gradually strengthening. This paper uses the TVP-VAR-DY (Time Varying Parameter-Vector Auto Regression- Dynamic) model to analyze the dynamic risk spillover effects and network structure of risk transmission among carbon, renewable energy, and electricity markets. The empirical results show that there are significant asymmetric spillover effects among carbon, renewable energy, and electricity markets. The total spillover index shows that spillover effects among carbon, renewable energy, and electricity markets are time-varying, especially during unexpected events. Besides, the net spillover index indicates that the spillover effects are bidirectional, asymmetric, and time-varying. Finally, under the influence of unexpected events, the network structures of risk transmission among carbon, renewable energy, and electricity markets are heterogeneous. Compared to the Russia-Ukraine conflict, the COVID-19 pandemic has a more significant impact on these markets.
A Review of Mental Health Burden and Social Determinants of Mental Health Among Adolescent Girls and Young Women in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Perestrelo Elsa Denise , Jumaa Jinan Abi , Sanyang Saikou 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background: Adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) are an important sub-population in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), where youth account for more than two-thirds of the region’s population. In comparison to their male counterparts, AGYW are at a higher risk of mental health burden. This review aims to review the peer-reviewed evidence on the mental health burden and social determinants of mental health amongst AGYW aged 10- 24 years in the sub-Saharan African context.
Methods: Electronic databases including CINAHL, PubMed, Science Direct and Google Scholar were searched to identify peer-reviewed studies focusing on mental health in adolescent girls and young women in the identified context that have been published between 2015 and 2023 in English.
Results and Discussion: A total of 39 studies were reviewed. The findings from the review show that the literature on mental health in AGYW identifies several biological, demographic, social, economic, neighbourhood and environmental factors affecting the burden of the issue. Within the context of environmental factors such as the HIV/AIDS epidemic and the more recent COVID-19 pandemic, social determinants of mental health that are unique to or disproportionately affect AGYW such as pregnancy, HIV/AIDS and violence present concerning associations to negative mental health outcomes in different rural and urban settings.
Conclusions: The findings of the review shed light on the multifaceted nature of mental health issues and stresses the importance of a targeted approach in addressing mental health in adolescent girls and young women in the region. Recommendations include increased attention towards scaling up mental health research capacity and policy implementation and a focus on community-based interventions addressing factors unique to the target population in resource-poor settings.
Healthcare migration in Italian paediatric haematology-oncology centres belonging to AIEOP.
Authors: Rondelli Roberto , Belotti Tamara , Masetti Riccardo , Locatelli Franco , Massimino Maura , Biffi Alessandra , Dufour Carlo , Fagioli Franca , Menna Giuseppe , Biondi Andrea , Favre Claudio , Zecca Marco , Santoro Nicola , Russo Giovanna , Perrotta Silverio , Pession Andrea , Prete Arcangelo 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background
In Italy, there is a network of centres headed by the Italian Association of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology (AIEOP) for the diagnosis and treatment of paediatric cancers on almost the entire national territory.
Nevertheless, migration of patients in a hospital located in a region different from that of residence is a widespread habit, sometimes motivated by several reasons.
The aim of this paper is to assess the impact of migration of children with cancer to AIEOP centres in order to verify their optimal distribution throughout the national territory.
Methods
To this purpose, we used information on 41,205 registered cancer cases in the database of Mod.1.01 Registry from AIEOP centres, with age of less than 20 years old at diagnosis, diagnosed from 1988 to 2017.
Patients’ characteristics were analysed and compared using the X2 or Fisher’s exact test or Mann-Whitney test, when appropriate.
Survival distributions were estimated using the method of Kaplan and Meier, and the log-rank test was used to examine differences among subgroups.
Results
Extra-regional migration involved overall 19.5% of cases, ranging from 23.3% (1988-1997) to 16.4% (2008-2017) (p<0.001).
In leukaemias and lymphomas we observed a mean migration of 8.8% overall, lower in the North (1.2%) and Centre (7.8%) compared to the South & Isles (32.3%).
In the case of solid tumours, overall migration was 25.7%, with 4.2% in the North, 17.2% in the Centre and 59.6% in the South & Isles.
For regions with overall levels of migration higher than the national average, most migration cases opted for AIEOP centres of close or even neighbouring regions.
Overall survival at 10 years from diagnosis results 69.9% in migrants vs 78.3% in no migrants (p<0.001).
Conclusions
There is still a certain amount of domestic migration, the causes of which can be easily identified: migration motivated by a search for high specialization, migration due to lack of local facilities, or regions in which no AIEOP centres are present, which makes migration obligatory.
Better coordination between AIEOP centres could help to reduce so-called avoidable migration, but technical and political choices will have to be considered, with the active participation of sector technicians.
Exploration of Parents’ Practices That Are Protective and Those Which Increase Vulnerability to Child Sexual Abuse in Kisarawe, Tanzania
Authors: Rugakila Julieth , Nyamhanga Tumaini , Luoga Pankras , Kapinga Oliva 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background: Parents are vital to the successful protection of child sexual abuse (CSA). A better understanding of parent’s practice is essential for developing and implementing effective parent-involved protection programs. However, there was a shortage of empirical research revealing parent’s practices that are protective and those which increase vulnerability to child sexual abuse in Tanzania. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to explore what parents in Kisarawe did or did not do with respect to protection of their children against sexual abuses.
Aim of the study: The study aimed to explore parents’ practices that are protective and that which increase children vulnerability to sexual abuses in Kisarawe, Pwani region, Tanzania.
Methodology: The study used qualitative exploratory design, data were collected through In-depth interviews with a sample of 20 parents from Kisarawe, who were selected purposively. The data from the interviews were about parents’ practices that are protective against CSA and that which increases children vulnerability to sexual abuses in Kisarawe. The collected data were analyzed using thematic approach and findings presented in terms of themes and subthemes.
Results: The findings showed that CSA is mostly done to female children and perpetrators are often males of different age groups. Parents’ practices regarding making proper sleeping arrangements, sufficient provision of basic needs to children, regular monitoring of children and communication were reported to be protective practices against CSA however improper sleeping arrangements, inadequate monitoring of children and the use modern devices/TV, insufficient provision of basic needs and lack of parental education to parents increased the vulnerability to CSA.
Conclusion: The study provided a comprehensive description of parents’ practices regarding protecting or increasing vulnerability of their children against CSA at the home settings, which may provide guidance towards development of parental education programs in Tanzania.
Performance improvement of poly(butylene adipate-butylene terephthalate) based nanocomposites modified by the cooperation of nano montmorillonite and ionic liquid
Authors: Sui Xinyi , Wang Zicheng , Yan Shenzhi , Sun Shulin 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
1-hexadecyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ionic liquid (IL) and sodium montmorillonite nanoclay (MMT) were used collaboratively to improve the properties of poly(butylene adipate-butylene terephthalate) (PBAT). Based on the ion exchange interaction and the shear effect during the melt blending process, effective exfoliation and uniform dispersion of MMT in the PBAT matrix have been achieved. The exfoliated nano MMT acted as heterogeneous nucleating agent and promoted the crystallization of PBAT, causing the melting and crystallization temperatures to shift towards higher temperatures. When the IL content was 3 wt%, the maximum complex viscosity and modulus was reached, and further increase of IL led to a decrease of the viscoelasticity due to the plasticizing effect of IL. For the same reason, the synergistic effect of MMT and IL achieved the optimum mechanical properties of PBAT/MMT/IL3 film. Furthermore, the excellent barrier performance of two-dimensional MMT nanosheets decreased the permeability of oxygen and water vapor of the nanocomposite films. Therefore, this work has a positive effect on promoting the application of PBAT in the packaging field.
Moringa oleifera Lam. seed extract enhances tolerance to water stress by regulating photosynthesis and antioxidant defence mechanism in Lessertia frutescens L.
Authors: Buthelezi Nana Millicent Duduzile , Gololo Sechene Stanley , Mugivhisa Liziwe Lizbeth 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Drought is a predominant environmental stress that limits plant growth and yield. Biostimulants including moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam.) seed extract (MSE) can alleviate adverse plant responses triggered by drought stress. Nonetheless, there is limited information regarding the functions of MSE in promoting drought tolerance in plants. Consequently, the current study investigated the effect of MSE on the enhancement of drought tolerance in cancer bush (Lessertia frutescens L.) plants under deficit irrigation (DI). The 6% MSE foliar spray was applied to cancer bush plants subject to standard (80% of soil water holding capacity; SWHC) and deficit irrigation (DI) (60% of SWHC) in a terracotta pots experiment which was conducted twice sequentially in a tunnel. Plants that were not treated with MSE were used as control. The application of MSE effectively alleviated the adverse effect of water stress on cancer bush by improving plant growth and yield characteristics, photosynthesis attributes, soluble protein and proline contents. The MSE mitigated lipid oxidation (malondialdehyde; MDA) of drought affected plants and enhanced the antioxidant enzyme activities. These results demonstrated that MSE application effectively alleviated drought stress in cancer bush plants. Therefore, MSE is an economical and eco-friendly biostimulant for enhancing plant performances under water stress.
Learning the complexity of urban mobility with deep generative collaboration network
Authors: Li Yong , Yuan Yuan , Ding Jingtao , Jin Depeng 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
City-scale individual movements, resulting population flows, and urban morphology intricately intertwine, collectively contributing to the complexity of urban mobility, impacting critical aspects of a city, including socioeconomic exchanges and epidemic transmission. Existing models, derived from the fundamental laws governing human mobility, often capture only partial facets of this complexity. This paper introduces DeepMobility, a powerful deep generative collaboration network to bridge the heterogeneous behaviors of individuals and collective behaviors emerging from the entire population via constructing a unified model that encapsulates the multifaceted nature of complex urban mobility. Our experiments, conducted on mobility trajectories and flows in cities of China and Senegal, reveal that, in contrast to state-of-the-art deep learning models that simply “memorize” observed data, DeepMobility excels in learning the intricate data distribution and successfully reproduces the existing universal scaling laws that characterize human mobility behaviors at both the individual and population levels. DeepMobility also exhibits robust generalization capabilities, enabling it to generate realistic trajectories and flows for cities lacking corresponding training data. Our approach underscores the feasibility of employing generative deep learning to model the underlying mechanism of human mobility, and establishes an effective generative machine learning framework to capture the complexity of urban mobility comprehensively.
Public knowledge of general practice data sharing: findings from a focus group study and cross-sectional survey
Authors: Braunack-Mayer Annette J. , Nettel-Aguirre Alberto , Fabrianesi Belinda , Carolan Lucy , Beilby Justin , Adams Carolyn , Flack Felicity 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background
There is an increasing demand for access to general practice health records for secondary purposes, including for quality assurance, evaluation, health service planning and research. Public support generally for the secondary use of routinely collected health data is well documented, but little is known specifically about public understanding of the secondary use of general practice data. In this study we investigate what the Australian public knows about the secondary use of the information in their general practice records.
Methods
A mixed methods approach with 4 focus groups (n=22) followed by a cross-sectional survey, weighted to be nationally representative (n=2,604).
Results
Participants broadly understood what information was in their general practice record. Most participants believed the information was shared with hospital health professionals and other medical staff to support their care. Less than 30% thought their health information was being shared with health administrators, planners and researchers, and less than half believed their information was used to improve health services generally or for research. A substantial number, though a minority, did not know what happened with their information.
Conclusion
Trust between publics and governments is essential for health care systems to operate and transparency is central. Securing legitimacy for sharing general practice data will require careful attention to patient and public understanding of data sharing practices. While this must involve providing more and better information for patients, equally there must be attention to the means through which that information is provided.
Optimization of Cutting Parameters in Wire Electric Discharge Machining (Wedm) to Reduce Energy Consumption and Surface Roughness During Aisi D2 Steel Machining
Authors: Rojas Hugo Orlando González , Valenzuela José Carlos Miranda , Nájera Juan de Dios Calderón 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Energy efficiency in manufacturing processes has become a critical issue for the industry, so a worldwide effort is being made to improve energy efficiency in all manufacturing activities. Also, manufacturers are concerned about being competitive worldwide, so a decrease in production times is required without affecting the quality of products. Therefore, there are studies to characterize energy efficiency and surface roughness in manufacturing processes. Such studies have been mainly applied to conventional processes, such as for example, turning or milling. However, studies in unconventional manufacturing processes remain absent. The main objective of this work is to optimize cutting factors in Wire Electric Discharge Machining, such as Pulse on time (Ton), Pulse off time (Toff), servo voltage (SV), wire tension (WT), wire-speed (WS), and voltage (V), in order to reduce energy consumption and improve surface roughness, both separate and as a whole. The experiments were carried out according to Taguchi's L27 (6³) approach. AISI D2 steel was used as the material to be machined. As a result of the study, the optimal factors that reduce energy consumption are Ton (16µs), Toff (11µs), SV (44V), WT (50g), WS (70dm/min), and V (9V). Furthermore, the optimal factors that improve the surface roughness are Ton (10µs), Toff (11µs), SV (44V), WT (30g), WS (70dm/min), and V (5V). Finally, to reduce energy consumption and improve the surface roughness, the optimal values are Ton (10µs), Toff (11µs), SV (44V), WT (50g), WS (70dm/min), and V (9V). This methodology has been tested and validated on a SODICK VZ300L.
The Rule of Law in the Environmental, Social and Governance Framework in the World Economy
Authors: Costantiello Alberto , Leogrande Angelo 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
In this article, we have estimated the Rule of Law for 193 countries using data from the Environmental, Social and Governance-ESG database of World Bank. We have used different econometric techniques to estimate the value of “Rule of Law” i.e.: Panel Data with Fixed Effects, Panel Data with Random Effects, Pooled OLS. We found that Rule of Law is positively associated, among others to “Regulatory Quality” and “Control of Corruption” and negatively associated among others to, “Access to Electricity” and “Prevalence of Overweight”. We have performed a cluster analysis with the k-Mean algorithm optimized with the Elbow Method and we find the presence of four clusters. Finally, we present a confrontation among eight different machine-learning algorithms to predict the level of Rule of Law. We find that Linear Regression is the best predictor according to MAE, MSE, RMSE and R-squared.
JEL CODE: D7, D70, D72, D73, D78.