bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intensification of the transition between inpatient neurological rehabilitation and home care of stroke patients. Controlled clinical trial with follow-up assessment six months after discharge
Authors: Gräsel E , Biehler J , Schmidt R , Schupp W 
Published: September 2005

Objective: An intensified transition concept between neurological inpatient rehabilitation and home care was investigated for effects on the functional status of stroke patients and the physical and emotional health of their carers. Design: Controlled clinical trial allocating patients to intervention group (intensified transition on ward II) or control group (standard transition on ward I); patients were allocated to whichever ward had a vacancy. Follow-up assessment was carried out six months after discharge. Subjects: Seventy-one patients and their family carers were included, of which nine cases dropped out. Therefore 62 stroke patients with persisting disability and their family carers were available for assessment at follow-up - 33 patients in the intervention group, 29 patients in the control group. Intervention: The intensified transition concept consisted of therapeutic weekend care, bedside teaching and structured information for relatives during the second phase of the rehabilitation. Main measures: Patients were assessed with the Barthel Index, Functional Independence Measure, Ashworth Spastic Scale, Frenchay Arm Test, and Timed Up and Go Test. The carers completed SF-36, and were assessed using the Giessen Symptom List, Depression Scale and Burden Scale for Family Caregivers. Results: The intensified transition did not lead to significant change in the functional status of the patients or in the physical and emotional health of the family carers. Within the first four weeks after discharge, the patients in the intervention group had fewer new illnesses. In the observation period the use of outpatient care services was more frequent in the intervention group than in the control group. Conclusion: Even though there are few differences of moderate intensity between the two groups the intensified transition programme does not affect either the functional status of the stroke patients or the health of the carers.
Impairment-oriented training or Bobath therapy for severe arm paresis after stroke: a single-blind, multicentre randomized controlled trial
Authors: Platz T , Eickhof C , van Kaick S , Engel U , Pinkowski C , Kalok S , Pause M 
Published: September 2005

Objective: To study the effects of augmented exercise therapy time for arm rehabilitation as either Bobath therapy or the impairment-oriented training (Arm BASIS training) in stroke patients with arm severe paresis.Design: Single blind, multicentre randomized control trial.Setting: Three inpatient neurorehabilitation centres.Subjects: Sixty-two anterior circulation ischaemic stroke patients.Interventions: Random assignment to three group: (A) no augmented exercise therapy time, (B) augmented exercise therapy time as Bobath therapy and (C) augmented exercise therapy time as Arm BASIS training.Main measures: Main outcome measure: Fugl-Meyer arm motor score. Secondary measure: Action Research Arm Test (ARA). Ancillary measures: Fugl-Meyer arm sensation and joint motion/pain scores and the Ashworth Scale (elbow flexors).Results: An overall effect of augmented exercise therapy time on Fugl-Meyer scores after four weeks was not corroborated (mean and 95% confidence interval (CI) of change scores: no augmented exercise therapy time ( n = 20) 8.8, 5.2–12.3; augmented exercise therapy time ( n = 40) 9.9, 6.8-13.9; p = 0.2657). The group who received the augmented exercise therapy time as Arm BASIS training ( n = 20) had, however, higher gains than the group receiving the augmented exercise therapy time as Bobath therapy ( n = 20) (mean and 95% CI of change scores: Bobath 7.2, 2.6-11.8; BASIS 12.6, 8.4 - 16.8; p = 0.0432). Passive joint motion/pain deteriorated less in the group who received BASIS training (mean and 95% CI of change scores: Bobath -3.2, -5.2 to -1.1; BASIS 0.1, -1.8-2.0; p = 0.0090). ARA, Fugl-Meyer arm sensation, and Ashworth Scale scores were not differentially affected.Conclusions: The augmented exercise therapy time as Arm BASIS training enhanced selective motor control. Type of training was more relevant for recovery of motor control than therapeutic time spent.
Effects of external rhythmical cueing on gait in patients with Parkinson's disease: a systematic review
Authors: Lim I , van Wegen E , de Goede C , Deutekom M , Nieuwboer A , Willems A , Jones D , Rochester L , Kwakkel G 
Published: September 2005

Objective: To critically review studies evaluating the effects of external rhythmical cueing on gait in patients with Parkinson's disease. Methods: Articles published from 1966 to January 2005 were searched by two physiotherapists in MEDLINE, PiCarta, PEDRo, Cochrane, DocOnline, CINAHL and SUMSEARCH. To be included, articles had to investigate the effects of external rhythmical cueing (i.e., auditory, visual or tactile cueing) on gait parameters in patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease. Both controlled and noncontrolled studies were included. Based on the type of design and methodological quality a meta-analysis or best-evidence synthesis was applied. Results: Twenty-four studies (total number of patients = 626) out of the 159 screened studies were evaluated in this systematic review. Two out of 24 were randomized controlled trails (RCT), both of high methodological quality. One RCT did not focus specifically on external rhythmical cueing of individual patients with Parkinson's disease, but on group exercises in general, including walking with cues. All other studies were pre-experimental studies. Best-evidence synthesis showed strong evidence for improving walking speed with the help of auditory cues. Insufficient evidence was found for the effectiveness of visual and somatosensory cueing. Conclusion: Only one high-quality study, specifically focused on the effects of auditory rhythmical cueing, suggesting that the walking speed of patients with Parkinson's disease can be positively influenced. However, it is unclear whether positive effects identified in the laboratory can be generalized to improved activities of daily living (ADLs) and reduced frequency of falls in the community. In addition, the sustainability of a cueing training programme remains uncertain.
Home-based electromyography-triggered stimulation in chronic stroke
Authors: Gabr Usama , Levine Peter , Page Stephen J 
Published: September 2005

Objectives: (1) To determine the feasibility of a home-based electromyography triggered neuromuscular stimulation (ETMS) programme; and (2) to determine ETMS efficacy in increasing affected wrist extension and reducing affected arm impairment. Design: Randomized, controlled, pre-lpost, cross-over design. Setting: Outpatient rehabilitation hospital. Patients: Twelve chronic stroke patients with palpable muscle contraction in their affected wrist extensors but no movement (7 males; mean age=59.75 years, age range 44-75 years; mean time since stroke=52.75 months, range 13-131 months). Intervention: Subjects were randomly assigned to receive either: (a) ETMS use twice every weekday in 35-min increments during an eight-week period followed by an eight-week home exercise programme (ETMS/home exercise programme) (n=8); or (b) an eight-week home exercise programme followed by use of ETMS twice every weekday in 35-min increments during an eight-week period (home exercise programme) (n=4). Main outcome measures: The Fugl-Meyer, Action Research Arm Test and goniometry. Results: After home exercise programme participation, subjects showed nominal or no changes on any of the outcome measures. After ETMS, patients showed modest impairment reductions, as shown by the Fugl-Meyer, and no Action Research Arm Test changes. However, both groups showed a 218 increase in active affected wrist extension after ETMS use. Conclusion: ETMS use is feasible in the home environment. Neither participation in a traditional home exercise programme nor ETMS use conveyed changes on the Fugl-Meyer or Action Research Arm Test. However, ETMS use increased active affected limb extension. This new movement may provide a potential pathway for subjects to participate in other interventions, such as modified constraint induced therapy.
Building regional governance in England: the view from Whitehall
Authors: Ayres Sarah , Pearce Graham 
Published: September 2005

English
Constitutional arrangements in parts of the UK have been transformed by political devolution. In England, however, reliance has been placed on strengthening the regional tier through administrative decentralisation. Drawing on the views of Whitehall civil servants, this article explores how central–regional relations are being recalibrated and how government is building a regional perspective into its activities. We conclude that, in the absence of regional government, Whitehall is pursuing a cautious approach to regional working and greater attention needs to be given to incorporating regional priorities in national spending programmes and developing a more coherent approach to regional strategy making.
UK higher education policy and the ‘global Third Way’
Authors: Jary David 
Published: September 2005

English
This article reviews developments in UK higher education in the light of the central tenets of Third Way theory. It contends that, although they build on Tory policies grounded in neo-liberal and mainstream management theory, New Labour policies differ significantly, not least in combining an emphasis on sound public finance and strong public services. The article sees specific higher education policies as strong embodiments of Third Way principles and suggests that they provide the best way forward for a higher education that matches the needs of the ‘global knowledge economy’ and enhances social inclusion and social justice.
Stealing the skills agenda? Devolution, business and post-16 education and training in Wales
Authors: Phelps N.A. , Valler D.C. , Wood A. 
Published: September 2005

English
This article considers the role of business interests within the devolved political and governmental arrangements introduced by New Labour. We focus on the involvement of business in shaping post-16 education and training policy in Wales. Continuities apparent in the process of devolution across its administrative and political forms have produced a distinctive Welsh political economy involving public sector-dominated policy agendas periodically punctured by specific business interests. Devolution appears to have underlined such continuities. An increased imperviousness of public sector-dominated post-16 education and training strategy-making to business interests coexists with the ability of specific business interests to distort such strategies at an operational level.
Vanadium(III) binding strengths of small biomolecules
Authors: Buglyó Péter , Nagy Eszter Márta , Sóvágó Imre 
Published: October 2005

Abstract
The hydrolysis of vanadium(III) and the complex formation reactions between V(III) and weakly coordinating [glycine (GLY), DL-aspartic acid (ASP), D-penicillamine (PEN), DL-histidine (HIS)] or strongly coordinating [N,O] donor [picolinic (PIC) or 6-methylpicolinic acid (MePIC)] and [O,O] donor [maltol (MALT), 1,2-dimethyl-3-hydroxy-4-(1H)-pyridinone (DHP), tiron (TIR)] ligands were studied at 25.0 °C and an ionic strength of 0.20 M (KCl) in aqueous solution using combined pH-potentiometric and UV-vis spectroscopic techniques. Although some interaction between the amino acids and V(III) was found, we could not obtain reliable models for these systems owing to the intensive hydrolysis of the metal ion and the formation of polynuclear hydroxo complexes. With pyridine carboxylates or [O,O] donor ligands 1:1, 1:2 (in the latter case, also 1:3 species) were found to be present as major complexes in solution. The similarities and differences in binding V(III) by these ligands are discussed.
Synthetic and computational modeling of the vanadium-dependent haloperoxidases
Authors: Yudenfreund Kravitz Joslyn , Pecoraro Vincent L. 
Published: October 2005

Abstract
Vanadium-dependent haloperoxidases that catalyze the halogenation of organic substrates using hydrogen peroxide to oxidize halides are a rare class of enzymes which have an absolute requirement for vanadium. In this article, we describe studies using synthetic, small-molecule analogs of the vanadium(V) active site to functionally mimic the oxidation of bromide and thioethers. In addition, we describe computational studies using density functional theory that help describe the mechanism of catalysis.
Modeling the active site structures of vanadate-dependent peroxidases and vanadate-inhibited phosphatases
Authors: Rehder Dieter , Ebel Martin , Wikete Cornelia , Santoni Gabriella , Gätjens Jessica 
Published: October 2005

Abstract
The active center of vanadate-dependent peroxidases (VPOs) is represented by vanadate covalently attached to a histidine, with vanadium in a trigonal-bipyramidal environment. Protein phosphatases and kinases are inhibited by the phosphate analog vanadate [VVO2(OH)2
- and VIVO(OH)3
-], which can be related to the coordination of vanadium to histidine or a hydroxide function as provided by tyrosinate or serinate. The vanadium centers in these proteins have been modeled by employing chiral ONO ligands. The penta-coordinated chiral complexes [VO(OMe)(L1)] (H2L1 = substituted diethanolamine) are distorted trigonal-bipyramidal with the methoxy group and the amine-N in the axial positions. These structural models of VPO also mimic the sulfide-oxidation activity of the peroxidases. The complexes [VO(H2O)L3] (H2L3 = Schiff-base ligands based on salicylaldehyde derivatives (o-vanillin; 2-hydroxy-naphthylaldehyde) and L- or D,L-tyrosine, or D,L-serine are tetragonal-pyramidal; the OH functions of the amino acid moieties are not directly coordinated to vanadium; they are involved, however, in complex hydrogen-bonding networks. The oxo/peroxo anion [VO(O2)(L2)2]3- (H2L2 = 2,5-dipicolinic acid) contains a slightly asymmetrically bonded O2
2-, featuring structural characteristics of the peroxo/hydroperoxo intermediates of the peroxidases. XD structure results are reported for the following complexes: R,S- and R,R-[VO(OMe)(L1)], K3[VO(O2)(L2)2].4.5H2O, the Tyr derivatives L-[VO(H2O)L3].MeOH and D,L-[VO(H2O)L3].H2O, and the Ser derivative D,L-[VO(H2O)L3].2H2O.
Postgenomic chemistry (IUPAC Technical Report)
Authors: Varfolomeyev Sergey , Efremenko Elena , Beletskaya Irina P. , Bertini Ivano , Blackburn G. Michael , Bogdanov Alexey , Cunin Raimond , Eichler Jutta , Galaev Igor , Gladyshev Vadim , O'Hagan David , Haertle Thomas , Jarv Jaak , Karyakin Arkadiy , Kurochkin Ilia , Mikołajczyk Marian , Poroikov Vladimir , Sakharov Ivan , Spener Friedrich , Voyer Normand , Wild James 
Published: October 2005

Abstract
Numerous areas of chemistry can benefit from the ongoing genomic revolution. Here, we discuss and highlight trends in chemistry in the postgenomic era. The areas of interest include combinatorial approaches in organic chemistry; design and analysis of proteins containing unnatural amino acids; trace element-containing proteins; design and characterization of new enzyme types; applications of postgenomic chemistry in drug design; identification of lipid networks and global characterization of lipid molecular species; development of recombinant and self-proliferating polymers; and applications in food chemistry and bioanalytical chemistry based on new nanoanalytical systems and novel recognition elements.
“Designer” scaffolds for tissue engineering and regeneration
Authors: Dvir Tal , Tsur‐Gang Orna , Cohen Smadar 
Published: September 2005

AbstractTissue engineering entails the in vitro or in vivo generation of replacement tissues from cells with the aid of supporting scaffolds and stimulating biomolecules, in order to provide biological substitutes for restoration and maintenance of human tissue functions. In this review, we summarize the main classes of degradable polymeric scaffolds, natural and synthetic ones, and the evolution made in this field from adaptation of materials in clinical use to the fabrication of “designer” scaffolds.
Process analysis of a reactor‐separator system: Enzymic degradation of polymeric substrates
Authors: Filo Orna , Guzy Serge , Sivan Sarit , Sideman Samuel , Lotan Noah 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe analysis deals with an integrated system in which enzymic de‐polymerization of a macromolecular substrate and concomitant separation of the reaction products take place. The enzyme is immobilized within a packed‐bed reactor and products are separated by ultrafiltration. A compartmental model was set up and used to simulate the performance of the system in terms of yield, purity, and productivity of the monomer obtained, and as a function of the system operating mode (batch or continuous), recirculation ratio, enzyme mode of action (preferred attack or exo‐type), and initial polymer concentration. Results, calculated using the analytical model, are in good agreement with our experimental findings concerning the depolymerization of inulin by exo‐inulinase. Future applications include engineering design of the system and optimization of its operational parameters.
Poly(ß‐amino ester)s for DNA delivery
Authors: Zugates Gregory T. , Little Steven R. , Anderson Daniel G. , Langer Robert 
Published: September 2005

AbstractNucleotide‐based therapeutics have the potential to treat many inherited and acquired diseases. However, for this form of therapy to become clinically successful, safe and efficient delivery vehicles need to be developed. In this article, we review the synthesis, properties, and use of poly(ß‐amino ester)s as vectors for gene delivery. High‐throughput synthesis and screening studies have identified poly(ß‐amino ester)s that can complex DNA and mediate transfection with efficiencies that are superior to the best commercially available polymer‐ and lipid‐based transfection reagents. Structure‐function studies show that high‐molecular‐weight (>10 kDa) amine‐terminated polymers with primary alcohol side chains are the most efficient vectors to date. In vivo, the most effective polymer, C32, delivers plasmid DNA at high levels following intra‐tumor injection, with excellent biocompatibility. Interestingly, C32 inhibits transfection to surrounding muscle tissue, making it a good candidate for local gene therapy. In addition to simple polymer/DNA complexes insoluble microparticles can be formed using poly(ß‐amino ester)s to physically encapsulate DNA and with sizes appropriate for phagocytosis by antigen‐presenting cells. Uptake of these particles by macrophages results in protein expression levels up to 5 orders of magnitude higher than traditional poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) microparticles containing DNA and can be potent stimulators of antigen presenting cells. Furthermore, in vivo delivery of poly(ß‐amino ester) microparticle genetic vaccines leads to an antigen‐specific, immune‐mediated rejection of a lethal tumor dosage. Taken together, these results show that poly(ß‐amino ester)s have broad potential as delivery systems for drug and gene therapies.
In vitro and in vivo analysis of antide delivery from multi‐phase microspheres fabricated via solvent removal
Authors: Branton Jennifer F.(Godbee) , Cheifetz Peter M. , Scott Evan A. , Bubbers Emily J. , Mathiowitz Edith 
Published: September 2005

AbstractAntide, a gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist, has been studied as a new drug for treatment of various gonadotropin‐dependent disorders, including hormone‐dependent prostate and breast cancer. Antide was encapsulated into multi‐phase microspheres composed of poly(l‐lactic)acid (PLLA) and poly(fumaric‐co‐sebacic)anhydride (P(FA:SA)) fabricated via solvent removal and loaded at 5% and 20% (w/w). In vitro release kinetics and the in vivo therapeutic effect (changes in the testosterone levels) were evaluated. In vivo studies were conducted in male rats at a dose of 12.5 mg antide/kg for both the 5% and 20% loaded particles as well as 31.5 mg antide/kg for the 20% loaded particles. The 5% loaded particles achieved a decrease in testosterone levels below the castration level (0.5 ng/mL) over the course of 11 weeks. The 20% loaded particles resulted in testosterone levels below the castration level for 7 weeks. The results of these studies demonstrate that it is possible to encapsulate antide into a controlled delivery system for more than 2 months. Furthermore, we were able to achieve a therapeutic response in vivo indicated by serum testosterone levels below the castration level of 0.5 ng/mL for at least 11 weeks.
Nano patterned covalent surface modification of poly(e‐caprolactone)
Authors: Edlund Ulrica , Källrot Martina , Albertsson Ann‐Christine 
Published: September 2005

AbstractUsing our new vapor‐phase grafting technique, we have simultaneously chemically and physically modified the surface of poly(e‐caprolactone) (PCL) films. The substrates were covered with nano patterned silicone rubber stamps and subjected to UV irradiation in the presence of the solvent‐free vapor phase of either N‐vinyl pyrrolidone or maleic anhydride, and a photoinitiator, under reduced pressure. The treated films display a surface pattern of grafted channels of 450‐nm width, as confirmed by AFM and SEM. The grafting was further verified with ATR‐FTIR, and contact angle measurements show an increased wettability of the surfaces.
Are Corals Colorful?
Authors: Matz Mikhail V. , Marshall N. Justin , Vorobyev Misha 
Published: September 2005

ABSTRACTUsing in situ spectrometry data and visual system modeling, we investigate whether the colors conferred to the reef‐building corals by GFP‐like proteins would look colorful not only to humans, but also to fish occupying different ecological niches on the reef. Some GFP‐like proteins, most notably fluorescent greens and nonfluorescent chromoproteins, indeed generate intense color signals. An unexpected finding was that fluorescent proteins might also make corals appear less colorful to fish, counterbalancing the effect of absorption by the photo‐synthetic pigments of the endosymbiotic algae, which might be a form of protection against herbivores. We conclude that GFP‐determined coloration of corals may be an important factor in visual ecology of the reef fishes.
Efficiency and Selectivity of Gill Nets for Assessing Fish Community Composition of Large Rivers
Authors: Argent David G. , Kimmel William G. 
Published: September 2005

Abstract
To evaluate the efficiency and selectivity of gill netting for assessing fish biodiversity in the upper Ohio River system, we compared the efficiency of five gill-net types for sampling large-bodied fishes (adult total length greater than 250 mm) during fall 2001 and spring and fall 2002. Mesh sizes ranged from 3.8 cm to 14 cm (bar measure). We set the gill nets in selected pools of the Allegheny, Monongahela, and Ohio rivers 186 times over three seasons for a total of 1,644 net-hours. Nets were attached to a variety of structures, including trees and rootwads, bridge pylons, lock and dam chambers, and channel marker buoys. Nets were fished from late evening to first light, and all fish captured were identified, enumerated, and released. A total of 823 individuals representing 30 species or hybrids were captured. All net types captured common carp Cyprinus carpio and flathead catfish Pylodictis olivaris, but we captured a significantly greater diversity of fishes in graded-mesh gill nets with small mesh (38 m in length with variable-bar mesh and 15.2 m in length with 3.8-cm-bar mesh). When adjusted for length, smaller-bar mesh nets (3.8-cm-bar mesh) were more efficient for capturing target species than graded-mesh nets. To maximize species richness, 200–225 h of effort were necessary to characterize target fish communities of large-bodied riverine species.