bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Statistical prediction of sea‐surface temperature over the tropical Atlantic
Authors: Repelli Carlos Alberto , Nobre Paulo 
Published: January 2004

AbstractA statistical system to predict sea‐surface temperature anomalies (SSTAs) over the tropical oceans, with emphasis on the tropical Atlantic, is described. Canonical correlation analysis is used to identify critical sequences of predictor patterns, which tend to evolve into subsequent patterns and which can be used to form a forecast. The results indicate that SST fields over the equatorial Pacific and tropical Atlantic can be a potential predictor of the SSTAs over the tropical Atlantic 3–4 months in advance. The spatial structures of the SSTAs over the tropical Atlantic for the period March–May are well captured by the predictions done with initial conditions from September to February. Model performance is better over the northern tropical Atlantic than over the southern tropical Atlantic, where persistence is hardly beaten. Results of this work can contribute to improve seasonal climate predictions of rainfall anomalies over the northeast Brazil region. Copyright © 2004 Royal Meteorological Society
Changes in the sub‐decadal covariability between Northern Hemisphere snow cover and the general circulation of the atmosphere
Authors: Saito Kazuyuki , Yasunari Tetsuzo , Cohen Judah 
Published: January 2004

AbstractDetails of the sub‐decadal covariability relationship between continental snow cover extent anomalies and the dominant mode of atmospheric variability, referred to as the Arctic oscillation (AO) or North Atlantic oscillation (NAO), for the period 1971–2001 are explored. On the seasonal time scale, the winter AO is found to be significantly correlated with the preceding autumn Eurasian snow cover (SNCEUR) throughout the period observed. Consistent with this finding, SNCEUR variability led the AO variability on the sub‐decadal time scale in the early half of the record. However, starting in the mid 1980s, the AO and SNCEUR vary in phase. Analyses of the seasonal relationship and persistence of snow and atmospheric variables illustrate a phase shift in the sub‐decadal variability between the AO and SNCEUR due to the loss of autumn–winter SNCEUR autocorrelation replaced by a significant winter–spring persistence and the emergence of a concurrent SNCEUR–AO connection in winter and spring. Similar analysis shows that the sub‐decadal NAO variation is mostly described by the fluctuation in summer North American snow cover. Copyright © 2004 Royal Meteorological Society
Microsurgical penile replantation facilitated by postoperative HBO treatment
Authors: Landström Jerone T. , Schuyler Robert W. , Macris George P. 
Published: January 2004

AbstractSuccessful microsurgical replantation of a penis amputated at the level of the pubis is a rare occurrence worldwide. Moreover, the use of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) for a postoperative replant Pseudomonas wound infection has not been reported. There is also disagreement regarding the importance of microsurgical repair of only the dorsal arteries or only the profundi arteries of the penis. A case is reported of penile replantation with a postoperative Pseudomonas wound infection treated with HBO to prevent potential replant loss, with a worldwide literature review. At 1‐year postoperative follow‐up, the patient has normal urinary flow and reports spontaneous erection, with the ability for intromission and a sensate glans. HBO facilitated the success of a penile replantation complicated by postoperative Pseudomonas wound infection. In addition, a literature review supports the microsurgical repair of at least a single isolated dorsal penile artery, but not a single or multiple profundi arteries. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Total thyroidectomy is improved by loupe magnification
Authors: Testini Mario , Nacchiero Michele , Piccinni Giuseppe , Portincasa Piero , Di Venere Beatrice , Lissidini Germana , Bonomo G. Martino 
Published: January 2004

AbstractWith this study, we verified if a microsurgical approach with magnification could improve the outcome of total thyroidectomy. Ninety‐seven patients were consecutively randomized into group A (surgery with x 2.5 magnification and microsurgical instruments, n = 47) or group B (surgery with no magnification, n = 50). The mean operative time was 125 ± 4.0 min in group A, and 150 ± 4.0 min in group B (P = 0.00012). The recurrent laryngeal nerve was identified in all patients of group A, and in 96.8% of group B. The overall morbidity rate was 4.0% in group A and 25.5% in group B (P = 0.0038). This study indicates that a microsurgical approach with magnification is feasible, reduces surgical time, and improves the outcome in total thyroidectomy. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Emergency surgical repair of extensive soft‐tissue defects in upper limb of a child, using flap graft
Authors: Li Lin , Xiongjin Tan , Guofen Chen 
Published: January 2004

AbstractExtensive soft‐tissue defects in the upper limb of a child are rare, and emergency surgical repair presents a challenge to the clinician and requires high proficiency in operating skills. The use of common regular flaps fails to completely cover the trauma. We report on a case in which the skin defect, reaching 42 × 15 cm, was repaired by the use of a scapula latissimus dorsi musculo‐cutaneous flap, and the functions of the affected limb were maintained to the utmost extent. Thus the patient has escaped amputation. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Compression neuropathy of common peroneal nerve caused by an extraneural ganglion: A report of two cases
Authors: Rawal Arvind , Ratnam K.R. , Yin Qi , Sinopidis Chris , Frostick Simon P. 
Published: January 2004

AbstractPeroneal nerve entrapment is most common in the popliteal fossa, but is rarely caused by a ganglion. Although ganglionic cysts are very common lesions, they seldom cause serious complications. Ganglionic cysts developing in the sheath of a peripheral nerve or joint capsule may cause compression neuropathy. We report on two cases of compression neuropathy of the common peroneal nerve caused by an extraneural ganglion and its evaluation with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and ultrasonography. The differential diagnosis should involve L5 root pathology, a posttraumatic intraneural hemorrhage, a nerve compression near the tendinous arch located at the fibular insertion of the peroneal longus muscle, and a nerve‐sheath tumor. The combination of MRI and ultrasonography is useful for the accurate diagnosis of this condition, and it should be treated by microsurgical exploration as soon as possible. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Use of Kırschner wire in mandible reconstruction: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Yıldırım Serkan , Aköz Tayfun 
Published: January 2004

AbstractReconstruction of massive defects in head the and neck usually requires different tissues such as skin, bone, and muscle in three‐dimensional organization. Therefore, reconstruction of mandibular defects in particular include many difficulties for the head and neck, and for reconstructive surgeons. Various techniques and materials are available, and each has some advantages and disadvantages. But no materials or methods have all the reconstructive requirements. The surgeon's choice of techniques should be safe, simple, economic, and effective. We present a patient with a massive facial defect that was reconstructed successfully by using a 2‐mm K wire with a free transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap, and we also review the literature about the use of K wires in mandible fixation and reconstruction. We think that K wires should be kept in mind as a readily available, easily applicable, safe, inexpensive, and stable prosthetic material for mandible reconstruction, especially in cases with advanced disease. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Improving bandwidth efficiency in fault‐tolerant opaque IP over optical mesh networks
Authors: Parameswaran Anandkrishna , Labrador Miguel A. , Habib Ibrahim , Moreno Wilfrido A. 
Published: January 2004

AbstractAdequately providing fault tolerance while using network capacity efficiently is a major topic of research in optical networks. In order to improve the network utilization, grooming of low‐rate connections in optical networks has been usually performed at the edge of the network. However, in all‐optical networks once a channel is assigned, its entire capacity is dedicated to the users independently of its grooming capabilities. As current users don't usually require such big capacities, bandwidth inefficiencies still occur. In this paper we address this issue introducing unlimited grooming per link (UGPL), a new restoration mechanism for opaque mesh optical networks that grooms connections on a per‐link basis. Simulation results show that UGPL provides the best bandwidth efficiency and the best blocking probability compared to traditional 1 + 1 protection and 1 : N end‐to‐end sharing schemes. Furthermore, we show that the 1 : N end‐to‐end restoration scheme provides no benefits over the simpler and faster 1 + 1 protection scheme. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Circuit emulation services over Ethernet—Part 1: Clock synchronization using timestamps
Authors: Aweya James , Ouellette Michel , Montuno Delfin Y. , Felske Kent 
Published: January 2004

AbstractDue to Ethernet's ubiquity, simplicity, scalability and cost effectiveness there is significant customer demand for Ethernet‐based access and transport in the metropolitan network. Many service providers have recognized this need and are currently establishing Ethernet‐based services to meet this demand. The migration to all‐Ethernet access will not be instantaneous since many customers currently have legacy TDM access interfaces on their routers and PBX equipment. Circuit Emulation Services (CES) over Ethernet provides TDM circuit emulation to support TDM traffic such as T1/E1, T3/E3, OC3/12, etc. This two‐part paper presents the application of CES over Ethernet as well as a new technology that addresses the issues associated with clock recovery and synchronization in an Ethernet network with its inherent network jitter. Part 1 describes a clock synchronization technique where a transmitter periodically sends explicit time indications or timestamps to a receiver to enable the receiver to synchronize its local clock to the transmitter's clock. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Circuit emulation services over Ethernet—Part 2: Prototype and experimental results
Authors: Aweya James , Ouellette Michel , Montuno Delfin Y. , Markandu Jeganathan , Sundstrom Karin , Felske Kent 
Published: January 2004

AbstractThis paper describes a prototype implementation and experimental results for unstructured circuit emulation service (UCES) of T3 data stream over Ethernet. As explained in Part 1 of this paper,1 packet‐switched networks such as Ethernet are not designed to transport TDM data and so have no inherent clock distribution and synchronization mechanisms. Thus, to allow the frequency of the source TDM stream to be regenerated at the receiver, the prototype employed the clock synchronization scheme described in Part 1 of this paper. Our experiments showed that the recovered clock conforms to ITU‐T G.824 requirements2 even for networks that introduce high jitter and packet loss. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Network management platform based on mobile agents
Authors: Stephan Rayan , Ray Pradeep , Paramesh N. 
Published: January 2004

AbstractMany of the modern network management solutions are based on commercially available management platforms. These platforms offer common management services, such as support for multiple‐management protocols, alarm management, and event correlation. Most of these platforms are based on the traditional manager—agent model adopted in standard protocols, such as Internet SNMP. However, these platforms suffer from limitations imposed by the centralized, static, polling‐based management model of SNMP, and the need for maintaining a central intelligence at the platform level. In view of the dynamic nature of evolving networks, future network management solutions need to be flexible, adaptable, and intelligent without increasing the burden on network resources. We have addressed this requirement with a new management platform architecture based on ontology‐driven mobile agents. This paper presents the new management platform architecture, its prototype implementation, and the results of its evaluation. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The inverse problem of bisymmetric matrices with a submatrix constraint
Authors: Peng Zhen‐yun , Hu Xi‐yan , Zhang Lei 
Published: January 2004

AbstractAn n×n real matrix A is called a bisymmetric matrix if A=AT and A=SnASn, where Sn is an n×n reverse unit matrix. This paper is mainly concerned with solving the following two problems:Problem IGiven n×m real matrices X and B, and an r×r real symmetric matrix A0, find an n×n bisymmetric matrix A such that

where A([1: r]) is a r×r leading principal submatrix of the matrix A.Problem IIGiven an n×n real matrix A*, find an n×n matrix Â in SE such that

where ∥·∥ is Frobenius norm, and SE is the solution set of Problem I.The necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of and the expressions for the general solutions of Problem I are given. The explicit solution, a numerical algorithm and a numerical example to Problem II are provided. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Estimation of uTƒ(A)v for large‐scale unsymmetric matrices
Authors: Guo Hongbin , Renaut Rosemary A. 
Published: January 2004

AbstractFast algorithms, based on the unsymmetric look‐ahead Lanczos and the Arnoldi process, are developed for the estimation of the functional Φ(ƒ)=uTƒ(A) v for fixed u, v and A, where A∈ℜ︁n×n is a large‐scale unsymmetric matrix. Numerical results are presented which validate the comparable accuracy of both approaches. Although the Arnoldi process reaches convergence more quickly in some cases, it has greater memory requirements, and may not be suitable for especially large applications. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Distributed parameter thermal controllability: a numerical method for solving the inverse heat conduction problem
Authors: Alaeddine Marios , Doumanidis Charalabos C. 
Published: January 2004

AbstractThis paper addresses the inverse heat conduction problem encountered in thermal manufacturing processes. A numerical control algorithm is developed for distributed parameter conduction systems, based on Galerkin optimization of an energy index employing Green's functions. Various temperature profiles of variable complexity are studied, using the proposed technique, in order to determine the surface heat input distribution necessary to generate the desired temperature field inside a solid body. Furthermore, the effect of altering the iterative time step and duration of processing time, on the convergence of the solution generated by the aforementioned method is investigated. It is proved that despite the variations in numerical processing, the iterative technique is able to solve the problem of inverse heat conduction in the thermal processing of materials. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An incremental Lagrangian formulation to the analysis of piezoelectric bodies subjected to geometric non‐linearities
Authors: Cardoso Eduardo Lenz , Fonseca Jun Sérgio Ono 
Published: January 2004

AbstractAn incremental formulation to model geometric non‐linearities in piezoelectric solids is presented. First, Lagrangian and Eulerian measures for the electric field and the electric displacement are discussed together with traditional mechanical measures. Using the Lagrangian energetic conjugated measures, Hamilton's principle is used to derive a consistent variational incremental description for the finite movement of a piezoelectric body. Those equations are approximated using the finite element method, and the resulting equations are solved using the Newton–Raphson method and arc‐length constraints. Examples with non‐linear behaviour such as stress stiffening, large rotations and limit points are presented. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Numerical implementation of a neural network based material model in finite element analysis
Authors: Hashash Y. M. A. , Jung S. , Ghaboussi J. 
Published: January 2004

AbstractNeural network (NN) based constitutive models can capture non‐linear material behaviour. These models are versatile and have the capacity to continuously learn as additional material response data becomes available. NN constitutive models are increasingly used within the finite element (FE) method for the solution of boundary value problems. NN constitutive models, unlike commonly used plasticity models, do not require special integration procedures for implementation in FE analysis. NN constitutive model formulation does not use a material stiffness matrix concept in contrast to the elasto‐plastic matrix central to conventional plasticity based models.This paper addresses numerical implementation issues related to the use of NN constitutive models in FE analysis. A consistent material stiffness matrix is derived for the NN constitutive model that leads to efficient convergence of the FE Newton iterations. The proposed stiffness matrix is general and valid regardless of the material behaviour represented by the NN constitutive model. Two examples demonstrate the performance of the proposed NN constitutive model implementation. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Korean women's attitudes toward physical activity
Authors: Im Eun‐Ok , Choe Myoung‐Ae 
Published: January 2004

AbstractIn this study attitudes toward physical activity of three groups of Korean women were explored using a feminist qualitative research design. Seventeen healthy Korean women, 11 Korean women at risk of muscular atrophy, and 16 Korean immigrant women were recruited using a purposive sampling method. In‐depth interviews using an interview guide were audiotaped and transcribed. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis. The findings indicate that the women viewed physical activity holistically, that death was viewed as the opposite of physical activity, that exercise was differentiated from physical activity, that exercise was connected to health, and that the women rarely participated in exercise because of their busy lives. The findings confirm the importance of considering the psychosocial contexts of attitudes toward health behavior. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Res Nurs Health 27:4–18, 2004
Depression burden, psychological adjustment, and quality of life in women with breast cancer: Patterns over time
Authors: Badger Terry A. , Braden Carrie Jo , Mishel Merle H. , Longman Alice 
Published: January 2004

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to examine how level of depression burden influences women's psychological adjustment and quality of life over time and how depression burden interacted with a community‐based oncology support program to influence psychological adjustment and life quality. Participants were 169 women who completed a side effects checklist at three data collection points. Women were divided into two groups based on their depression burden scores: 123 women reporting no burden, and 46 women reporting high depression burden. For psychological adjustment, there were significant interaction effects for intervention by time and for intervention by depression burden by time and significant main effects for depression burden. For life quality, there was a significant interaction effect for intervention by time and a significant main effect for depression burden. The findings document the negative impact of depression burden on psychological adjustment and life quality. Oncology support interventions can be effective in reducing this negative impact. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Res Nurs Health 27:19–28, 2004
The life closure scale: Additional psychometric testing of a tool to measure psychological adaptation in death and dying
Authors: Dobratz Marjorie C. 
Published: January 2004

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to conduct additional psychometric testing on an instrument designed to measure psychological adaptation in end‐of‐life populations across a wide spectrum of terminal illnesses. A sample of 20 participants completed initial testing of the Life Closure Scale (LCS); however, its usefulness was limited by the small sample size. A larger sample of 113 home hospice individuals who met established criteria and who gave informed consent completed the 27‐item LCS for additional psychometric testing. Cronbach's alphas and correlation coefficients were computed, and factor analysis was conducted to establish internal consistency reliability, theoretical clarity, and criterion‐related validity. The number of scale items was reduced to 20, with a total alpha of .87. Cronbach's alphas for the two subscales were .80 (self‐reconciled) and .82 (self‐restructuring). Item–total correlations for the subscales ranged from a low of .37 to a high of .68, with confirmatory factor analysis yielding two loadings. These findings lend credence to the usefulness of the LCS in measuring psychological adaptation in dying persons. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Res Nurs Health 27:52–62, 2004
Resilience to risk‐taking behaviors in impoverished African American girls: The role of mother–daughter connectedness
Authors: Aronowitz Teri , Morrison‐Beedy Dianne 
Published: January 2004

AbstractRates of risk behaviors (e.g., violence, substance use) for impoverished girls are exceedingly high. Some view their future pessimistically, decreasing their resilience to avoid risky behaviors. Others resist such behaviors. Connectedness with an adult promotes this resilience, but how is unclear. The purpose of this secondary analysis was to investigate the relationships among connectedness to mother, time perspective, and resilience to risk‐taking behaviors in impoverished African American girls ages 11–15. Structural equation modeling was used to cross‐validate this model. In contrast to the results found in earlier studies, no direct relationship emerged between maternal connectedness and resilience. Instead, future time perspective was the key mediator between connectedness and resilience. These findings suggest that an important aspect of interventions to foster resilience to risk behaviors in young girls could be to assist their mothers in developing a connected relationship with their daughters that would promote a future time perspective. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Res Nurs Health 27:29–39, 2004
Alzheimer's disease caregiving information and skills. Part II: Family caregiver issues and concerns
Authors: Farran Carol J. , Loukissa Dimitra , Perraud Suzanne , Paun Olimpia 
Published: January 2004

AbstractIn recent years researchers have carried out an increasing number of clinical trials with family caregivers of the elderly. The results of these interventions have suggested that caregiver skill‐building interventions may be more effective than information/support interventions. Although researchers have given considerable attention to the information and support needed by family caregivers, less is known about how this information and support translates into caregiver skills or into changes in behavior. This is the second in a series of three articles on a study in which researchers used qualitative methods to analyze summaries from the group component of a larger caregiver clinical trial. In this article we describe caregiver issues and concerns in five major areas: (a) dealing with change, (b) managing competing responsibilities and stressors, (c) providing a broad spectrum of care, (d) finding and using resources, and (e) experiencing emotional and physical responses to care. We identify specific skills needed by caregivers in addressing these caregiving issues and concerns, and we compare and contrast skilled with less skilled caregivers. Further work is needed concerning the focus and methods of future caregiver skill‐based interventions. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Res Nurs Health 27:40–51, 2004