bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How should corporations deal with environmental scepticism?
Authors: Jacques Peter 
Published: May 2005

AbstractEnvironmental scepticism, or the effort to ‘debunk’ environmental claims, is gaining visibility in world affairs. This complicates the position of corporations that are genuine in their efforts for conscientious productive work. This article explains some of the primary movements found in scepticism and argues that the truth of the sceptical claims is sufficiently contested that corporations should err on the side of caution and treat environmental scepticism as a political movement with a narrow support base, not as a scientific basis for policy. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Perfluorinated Alkoxyaluminate Salts of Cationic Brønsted Acids: Synthesis, Structure, and Characterization of [H(OEt2)2][Al{OC(CF3)3}4] and[H(THF)2][Al{OC(CF3)3}4]
Authors: Krossing Ingo , Reisinger Andreas 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe strong cationic Brønsted acids [H(OEt2)2][Al{OC(CF3)3}4] (1) and [H(THF)2][Al{OC(CF3)3}4] (2) were prepared in up to 95 % yield by reacting stoichiometric amounts of diethyl ether/THF solutions of Li[Al{OC(CF3)3}4] and HX (X = Cl, Br), removing the solvent, and extracting the residue with CH2Cl2. Compounds 1 and 2 were characterized by multinuclear NMR and IR spectroscopy as well as by their single crystal X‐ray structures and additional quantum chemical calculations. The cation in 1 probably contains an unsymmetrical O–H···O hydrogen bond, while in 2 the protic hydrogen atom was not found in the difference Fourier map. From an analysis of all published [H(OEt2)2]+ structures, we show that for an unsymmetrical H‐bridge further rearrangement of the structure occurs leading to the structural type III that may formally be viewed as ethanol coordinating to an ethyl cation. This point of view has hitherto been neglected in the discussion of the nature of short, strong, low‐barrier H‐bonds, although it needs to be accounted for. Both 1 and 2 are suitable starting materials to introduce the weakly coordinating and chemically very robust [Al{OC(CF3)3}4]– anion by protonolysis. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Synthesis, Structure, and Properties of μ‐Oxo‐Bridged FeIII2 and Heterometallic Azide‐Bridged FeIII2CuII Complexes of a Picolinamide In‐Plane Ligand
Authors: Domínguez‐Vera José M. , Suárez‐Varela José , Ben Maimoun Ikram , Colacio Enrique 
Published: May 2005

AbstractA new μ‐oxodiiron(III) complex [{FeIII(bpc)(H2O)}2O] (1) with the bis(picolinamide) N4 in‐plane ligand 4,5‐dichloro‐1,2‐bis(pyridine‐2‐carboxamido)benzene (H2bpc) has been prepared by the reaction of [Fe(bpc)Cl(H2O)] with a stoichiometric amount of cyanide, and characterized by X‐ray structure analysis. The IR and UV/Vis spectroscopic results match well with those expected from the respective previously established spectro‐structure correlation. Likewise, the temperature dependence of the magnetic susceptibility shows the existence of a strong antiferromagnetic coupling between the iron(III) centers [S = 5/2; with J = –108.10(3) cm–1] that is consistent with the radial and angular overlap Weihe–Güdel model in μ‐oxodiiron(III) complexes. Two heterometallic FeIII‐CuIIFeIII (2) and FeIIINiIIFeIII (3) complexes have been prepared from the reaction between [FeIII(bpc)(N3)2] and [Cu(meso‐CTH)]2+ or [Ni(meso‐CTH)]2+ (CTH = 5,7,7,12,14,14‐hexamethyl‐1,4,8,11‐tetraazacyclotetradecane), respectively. The structure of 2 consists of heterometallic FeIIICuIIFeIII units formed by the simultaneous coordination of two [FeIII(bpc)(N3)2] units to the central [Cu(meso‐CTH)] units through a μ1,3‐azide bridging ligand. However, the structure of 3 contains isolated [FeIII(bpc)(N3)2]– and [Ni(meso‐CTH)]2+ ions. The treatment of the magnetic data of 2 revealed the existence of a small ferromagnetic interaction between FeIII and CuII metal ions, with JFeCu = 3.24(7) cm–1. The existence of 2 opens up the possibility of obtaining, in a rational manner, azide‐bridged heterometallic complexes starting from the block precursor [FeIII(bpc)(N3)2]–. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Syntheses, Reactivity, and X‐ray Structure Analyses of the Dimeric Pentaphosphides [(tBu3Si)3P5M2]2 (M = Na, Ag) and the Bicyclo[2.1.0]pentaphosphane (tBu3Si)3P5
Authors: Lerner Hans‐Wolfram , Margraf Günter , Kaufmann Linda , Bats Jan W. , Bolte Michael , Wagner Matthias 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe sodium pentaphosphide dimer [(tBu3Si)3P5Na2(THF)]2 has been synthesized in high yield from the reaction of four equivalents of the sodium silanide tBu3SiNa with P4. X‐ray quality crystals of the sodium pentaphosphide dimer [(tBu3Si)3P5Na2(THF)]2 (monoclinic, P21/n) were grown from benzene. The sodium pentaphosphide (tBu3Si)3P5Na2 can be oxidized with one equivalent of TCNE to give the bicyclo[2.1.0]pentaphosphane (tBu3Si)3P5; it also reacts with AgOCN to give the silver pentaphosphide [(tBu3Si)3P5Ag2]2 (monoclinic, P21/n). Crystals of the pentaphosphane (tBu3Si)3P5 (monoclinic, P21/c) suitable for X‐ray diffraction were obtained from hexane at –25 °C. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
A Ruthenium(II)‐Complexed Rotaxane Whose Ring Incorporates a 6,6′‐Diphenyl‐2,2′‐bipyridine: Synthesis and Light‐Driven Motions
Authors: Collin Jean‐Paul , Jouvenot Damien , Koizumi Masatoshi , Sauvage Jean‐Pierre 
Published: May 2005

AbstractBy incorporating a 6,6'‐diphenyl‐2,2'‐bipyridine (dpbipy) fragment in a ring, endo coordination of a ruthenium(II) center is performed selectively and almost quantitatively. The threaded system, containing a helical fragment, could be fully characterized. When the terminal functions of the rod‐shaped helical complex threaded through the macrocycle are phenol groups, the complete rotaxane is prepared by the classical Williamson stoppering reaction in moderate yield. Light‐induced motions of the unstoppered system (pseudorotaxane) and the real rotaxane have been studied. Under visible light irradiation, quantitative decoordination of the dpbipy‐containing ring is observed, leading to the separate fragments (ring and helical thread) or to a new rotaxane (uncoordinated ring threaded by the dumbbell). (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Characterization of Oligomers of AlCl: Al–Cl versus Al–Al Bonding
Authors: Himmel Hans‐Jörg 
Published: May 2005

AbstractOligomers of AlCl have been characterized. By using the matrix isolation technique, the dimer Al2Cl2, which exhibits a D2h‐symmetric ring structure, was generated in significant quantities and analyzed by its IR and Raman spectra in combination with quantum chemical calculations. The structures of the trimer and tetramer have also been evaluated. A surprising result is that the minimum energy structure of the trimer (Cs symmetry) features direct Al–Al bonds, two terminal Al–Cl bonds, and one bridging Cl atom. A weak, isotopically structured IR band can be assigned to the antisymmetric ν(Al–Clt) mode of this trimer (Clt denotes a terminal Cl atom). The enthalpy change for each of the oligomerization steps has been calculated. For the dimerization of AlCl to give Al2Cl2, the Gibbs energy change was calculated as a function of temperature at different pressures. It turns out that neither the Al2Cl2 dimer nor any higher oligomers are present in significant quantities in the gas phase, at least under the conditions of the experiments. The thermodynamic properties show that matrix isolation represents the optimal method of generating and characterizing these species. On the basis of the experimental results the barrier for dimerization of AlCl should be next to zero. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Electro‐Conducting Properties of Charge‐Transfer Salts Based on Cationic and Anionic Platinum Dithiolenes − Crystal Structure of [Pt(Me2pipdt)2][Pt(dtcr)2] (Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. 10/2005)
Authors: Deplano Paola , Mercuri Maria Laura , Marchiò Luciano , Pilia Luca , Salidu Marco , Serpe Angela , Congiu Francesco , Sanna Samuele 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe cover picture shows [Pt(Me2pipdt)2][Pt(dtcr)2] (Me2pipdt = N,N′‐dimethylpiperazine‐2,3‐dithione; dtcr = dithiocroconate), an ion‐pair CT salt formed by redox‐active cationic and anionic platinum−dithiolenes arranged in an infinite, alternate one‐dimensional stack. This salt exhibits a strong absorption in the near‐infrared region that is assigned to a CT transition from the anion to the cation. NIR CT bands, and semiconducting and photoconducting properties are also observed for similar salts obtained on varying the anion. These properties strongly depend on the degree of electron donation, which in turn depends on the redox potential and on the planarity of the ionic components. Details are discussed in the article by P. Deplano et al. on p. 1829 ff. This work has been performed in the framework of European COST action D14‐003 “Towards New Molecular Inorganic Conductors”.
The significance of channel recharge rates for estimating debris‐flow magnitude and frequency
Authors: Jakob Matthias , Bovis Michael , Oden Marian 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe quantification of debris‐flow hazard requires estimates of debris‐flow frequency and magnitude. Several methods have been proposed to determine the probable volume of future debris flows from a given basin, but most have neglected to account for debris recharge rates over time, which may lead to underestimation of debris‐flow volumes in basins with rare debris flows. This paper deals with the determination of debris recharge rates in debris‐flow channels based on knowledge of debris storage and the elapsed time since the last debris flow. Data are obtained from coastal British Columbia and a relation is obtained across a sample of basins with similar terrain and climatic conditions. For Rennell Sound on the west coast of the Queen Charlotte Islands, the power‐law relation for area‐normalized recharge rate, Rt, versus elapsed time, te was Rt = 0·23te−0·58 with an explained variance of 75 per cent. A difference in recharge rates may exist between creeks in logged and unlogged forested terrain. The power function for undisturbed terrain was Rt = 0·20te−0·49, while the function for logged areas was Rt = 0·30te−0·77. This result suggests that for the same elapsed time since the last debris flow, clearcut gullies tend to recharge at a slower rate than creeks in old growth forest. This finding requires verification, particularly for longer elapsed times since debris flow, but would have important implications for forest resource management in steep coastal terrain. This study demonstrates that commonly used encounter probability equations are inappropriate for recharge‐limited debris flow channels. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cuparene‐Derived Sesquiterpenes from the Chinese Red Alga Laurencia okamurai Yamada
Authors: Mao Shui‐Chun , Guo Yue‐Wei 
Published: May 2005

AbstractFour new cuparene‐derived sesquiterpenes, laureperoxide (1), 10‐bromoisoaplysin (2), isodebromolaurinterol (3), and 10‐hydroxyisolaurene (4), together with seven known, related sesquiterpenes, 5–11, have been isolated from the red alga Laurencia okamurai. Their structures were determined on the basis of detailed spectroscopic analyses and comparison with known compounds. Compounds 8–11 were shown for the first time to represent true natural products, and the full 1H‐ and 13C‐NMR assignments of 5 are reported for the first time.
Synthesis and Photochemical Evaluation of Iodinated Squarylium Cyanine Dyes
Authors: Santos Paulo F. , Reis Lucinda V. , Duarte Isabel , Serrano João P. , Almeida Paulo , Oliveira Anabela S. , Ferreira Luís F. Vieira 
Published: May 2005

AbstractSeveral (multiply) iodinated squarylium cyanine dyes of type 1 and 8 (see Scheme and Table), derived from 1,3‐benzothiazole and 6‐iodo‐1,3‐benzothiazole, were synthesized as potential new photosensitizers, with absorptions in the 700‐nm region. Their ability to generate singlet oxygen (1O2) was assessed by luminescence‐decay measurement in the near‐IR. Some of these new dyes show interesting photophysical properties, and may be potentially used in photodynamic therapy (PDT).
Modulation of the Lifetime of Water Bound to Lanthanide Metal Ions in Complexes with Ligands Derived from 1,4,7,10‐Tetraazacyclododecane Tetraacetate (DOTA)
Authors: Zhang Shanrong , Jiang Xiuyan , Sherry A. Dean 
Published: May 2005

AbstractA series of di‐ and tetraamide derivatives of DOTA were synthesized, and their lanthanide(III) complexes were examined by multinuclear 1H‐, 13C‐, and 17O‐NMR spectroscopy, and compared with literature data of similar, known complexes (Table). All ligands formed structures similar to the parent [LnIII(DOTA)]− complexes, with four N‐atoms and four O‐atoms from DOTA and one O‐atom from the inner‐sphere water molecules. Interestingly, the lifetimes τM of the inner‐sphere, metal‐bound water molecules vary widely, ranging from nano‐ to milliseconds, depending on the identity of the pendent amide side chains. In general, positively charged [LnIII(DOTA‐tetraamide)]3+ complexes display the longest residence times (high τM values), while complexes with additional charged functional groups on the extended amides display much smaller τM values, even when the side groups are not directly coordinated to the central Ln3+ ions. The design of novel [LnIII(DOTA‐tetraamide)]3+ complexes with a wide, tunable range of τM values is of prime importance for the application of fast‐responding, paramagnetic chemical‐exchange‐saturation‐transfer (PARACEST) imaging agents used for the study of physiological and metabolic processes.
Selective Double Functionalization of meso‐Tetraphenylporphyrin Complexes on the Same Pyrrole Unit by Tandem Electrophilic/Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution
Authors: Ostrowski Stanisław , Raczko Anna M. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe mono‐nitrated meso‐tetraphenylporphyrin (TPP) complex 2 could be readily functionalized on the substituted pyrrole ring with yields of up to 83%. These transformations were achieved via aromatic substitution with carbanions generated from diverse functionalized compounds containing different leaving groups (3a–g, Scheme 1). The resulting TPP compounds 4a–g, bearing two different β‐substituents on the same pyrrole ring, may be further manipulated. This, in turn, should allow one to tune the solubility of TPP derivatives used in photodynamic cancer therapy.
Two Novel Olean Triterpenoids from Celastrus hypoleucus
Authors: Wang Kui‐wu , Sun Hong‐xiang , Wu Bin , Pan Yuan‐jiang 
Published: May 2005

AbstractTwo new triterpenoids, (3β)‐olean‐12‐ene‐3,23‐diol (1) and (6α)‐6‐hydroxyolean‐12‐en‐3‐one (2) were isolated from the MeOH extract of the stalks of Celastrus hypoleucus (Oliv.) Warb., together with the seven known compounds (3β,22α)‐3,22‐dihydroxyolean‐12‐en‐29‐oic acid, β‐amyrin and β‐amyrin palmitate, wilforlide A, wilforilide B, palmitic acid, and β‐sitosterol. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic data and, in the case of 2, by X‐ray crystallography. Compound 1 showed moderate cytotoxicity against human cervical squamous carcinoma (Hela) cells.
Wnt2 as a new therapeutic target in malignant pleural mesothelioma
Authors: Mazieres Julien , You Liang , He Biao , Xu Zhidong , Twogood Sarah , Lee Amie Y. , Reguart Noemi , Batra Sonny , Mikami Iwao , Jablons David M. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractMalignant mesothelioma of the pleura (MPM) is a highly aggressive neoplasm with a poor prognosis and limited treatment options. A better understanding of its pathogenesis is essential to developing alternative therapeutic strategies. We previously demonstrated that the Wnt signaling pathway is activated in MPM through the overexpression of disheveled proteins. To extend our knowledge of Wnt signaling activation in MPM, we performed Wnt‐specific microarrays in normal pleura and MPM. We found that the most common event in MPM was the upregulation of Wnt2. We inhibited Wnt2 by siRNA and a monoclonal anti‐Wnt2 antibody and analyzed their effects on apoptosis and downstream signaling effectors. We then assessed the antiproliferative effects of the Wnt2 antibody and Alimta, one of the current standard treatments of MPM. We confirmed Wnt2 overexpression at the mRNA and protein level in MPM cell lines and tissues. We then demonstrated that inhibition of Wnt2 by siRNA or a monoclonal antibody induces programmed cell death in MPM cells. We next analyzed the effects of the anti‐Wnt2 antibody and of Alimta on MPM cell proliferation. We found that although Wnt2 antibody by itself had less antiproliferative potency than Alimta, the two in combination had substantially more activity than Alimta alone. We thus propose that inhibition of Wnt2 is of therapeutic interest in the development of more effective treatments for MPM. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Resection of residual disease in patients with metastatic gastrointestinal stromal tumors responding to treatment with imatinib
Authors: Bauer Sebastian , Hartmann Jörg Thomas , de Wit Maike , Lang Hauke , Grabellus Florian , Antoch Gerald , Niebel Wolfgang , Erhard Jochen , Ebeling Peter , Zeth Matthias , Taeger Georg , Seeber Siegfried , Flasshove Michael , Schütte Jochen 
Published: May 2005

AbstractGastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) are the most common mesenchymal tumors of the gastrointestinal tract. Long‐term survival of patients with metastatic disease has only been observed in patients with completely resected disease. Recently, the tyrosine kinase inhibitor imatinib has been found to yield responses in the majority of patients with metastatic GIST suggesting improved resectability in responding patients. Combined treatment approaches including resective surgery after imatinib treatment in patients with advanced metastatic disease have rarely been explored. We report a series of 90 patients with metastatic GIST in whom treatment with imatinib enabled 12 patients with mostly recurrent and extensive disease to be considered for resection of residual disease. In 11 of these patients, complete resection could be achieved. Viable tumor cells were found in all but one resected specimens suggesting that despite favorable radiological or clinical responses, imatinib is unlikely to induce pathological complete responses. Until more mature data from prospective trials are available, these data suggest that an early aggressive surgical approach should be considered for all patients with metastatic GIST. Further trials investigating a combined surgical and pre/postoperative treatment with imatinib in patients with advanced metastatic GIST are warranted. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mantle cell lymphomas with low levels of cyclin D1 long mRNA transcripts are highly proliferative and can be discriminated by elevated cyclin A2 and cyclin B1
Authors: Sander Birgitta , Flygare Jenny , Porwit‐MacDonald Anna , Smith C.I. Edvard , Emanuelsson Emma , Kimby Eva , Liden Johan , Christensson Birger 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe role of transcript variants of cyclin D1 in cancer biology is unclear. Most tumors with high levels of cyclin D1 express 2 transcripts due to alternative splicing: one full‐length transcript of 4.4 kb and one short transcript of approximately 1.7 kb. The short transcript lacks part of the 3′UTR region regulating mRNA stability and has a longer half‐life. In our study, the contribution of each of these mRNAs to gene expression and cell proliferation has been investigated in mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), a B cell lymphoma characterized by a specific gene translocation resulting in enhanced expression of cyclin D1. A subset of MCL tumors with low levels of the long cyclin D1 transcript (cyclin D1 3′UTR) was identified by quantitative PCR and by oligonucleotide array hybridization. This tumor‐subset had 3.4‐fold higher levels of the short form of cyclin D1 mRNA (p < 0.0001) and had higher expression of cyclin D1 protein. Gene expression analysis identified a number of cell‐cycle regulatory genes as upregulated. There was a significant difference in frequencies of cyclin B1 (p = 0.0006) and cyclin A2 (p = 0.0006) positive cells that discriminated MCL with low cyclin D1 3′UTR from other highly proliferative MCL. Among differentially expressed genes, there was a highly upregulated gene with homology to the group of cell‐cycle promoting E2F transcription partners, E2F_TDP5. Several of the upregulated genes, such as TOP2A, AURORA A and RRM2 may influence a response to therapy. Identification of MCL with low cyclin D1 3′UTR is important because it seems to be associated with shorter overall survival. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Gastrointestinal stromal tumors in Iceland, 1990–2003: The Icelandic GIST study, a population‐based incidence and pathologic risk stratification study
Authors: Tryggvason Geir , Gíslason Hjörtur G. , Magnússon Magnús K. , Jónasson Jón G. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractGastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) is a newly defined clinical and pathologic entity. This study examines the whole population‐based incidence of GIST as well as pathologic risk stratification schemes. All patients diagnosed in Iceland with a gastrointestinal mesenchymal tumor over the years 1990–2003 were evaluated with an immunohistochemical panel including staining for c‐kit. The age‐adjusted incidence of GIST was calculated. Size, mitotic rate per 50 HPF and various other pathologic parameters were evaluated. Each tumor was categorized into 1 of 4 recently defined NIH risk stratification categories. Fifty‐seven of the mesenechymal gastrointestinal tumors were positive for c‐kit and therefore categorized as GIST. The annual incidence for the study period is 1.1 per 100,000. The median age of patients was 65.8 years and median tumor size was 4.6 cm. Only 2 of 35 gastric tumors fall into the NIH high‐risk category while half of the nongastric tumors (11 of 22) fall into this high‐risk category. Eight of the 57 tumors (14%) metastasized, 7 of which were nongastric. The positive predictive value for malignant behavior of the high‐risk category is 46%. The negative predictive value of low‐ and very‐low‐risk NIH category is 100%. Pathologic predictors of malignant behavior are tumor size, mitotic rate, mucosal disruption, necrosis and high cellularity. Nongastric GISTs are clearly at much higher risk of a malignant behavior than gastric GISTs. This population‐based GIST study estimates the incidence of GISTs at 1.1 per 100,000 and furthermore supports the NIH consensus categories for the prediction of malignant behavior of GISTs. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.