bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Performance analysis of a dual‐buffer architecture for digital flow cytometry
Authors: Murthi Shiva , Sankaranarayanan Sundararajan , Xia Bo , Lambert Georgina M. , Rodríguez Jeffrey J. , Galbraith David W. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractBackgroundMost current commercial flow cytometers employ analog circuitry to provide feature values describing the pulse waveforms produced from suspended cells and particles. This restricts the type of features that can be extracted (typically pulse height, width, and integral) and consequently places a limit on classification performance. In previous work, we described a first‐generation digital data acquisition and processing system that was used to demonstrate the classification advantages provided by the extraction of additional waveform features. An improved version of the system is discussed in this paper, focusing on dual‐buffering to ensure increased pulse capture. A mathematical model of the system is also presented for performance analysis.MethodsThe second‐generation system incorporates fast digitization of analog pulse waveforms, instantaneous pulse detection hardware, and a novel dual‐buffering scheme. A mathematical model of the system was developed to theoretically compute the capture‐rate performance.ResultsThe capture rate of the system was theoretically analyzed and empirically measured. Under typical conditions, a capture rate of 8,000 pulses/s was experimentally achieved.ConclusionsBased on these results, the dual‐buffer architecture shows great potential for use in flow cytometry. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Improving the biosafety of cell sorting by adaptation of a cell sorting system to a biosafety cabinet
Authors: Lennartz Klaus , Lu Mengji , Flasshove Michael , Moritz Thomas , Kirstein Uwe 
Published: June 2005

AbstractBackground:The jet‐in‐air cell sorters currently available are not very suitable for sorting potentially biohazardous material under optimal conditions because they do not protect operators and samples as recommended in the guidelines for safe biotechnology. To solve this problem we have adapted a cell sorting system to a special biosafety cabinet that satisfies the requirements for class II cabinets. With aid of this unit, sorting can be performed in conformance with the recommendations for biosafety level 2.Methods:After integrating a modified fluorescence‐activated cell sorter (FACS) Vantage into a special biosafety cabinet, we investigated the influence of the laminar air flow (LAF) inside the cabinet on side stream stability and the analytical precision of the cell sorter. In addition to the routine electronic counting of microparticles, we carried out tests on the containment of aerosols, using T4 bacteriophage as indicators, to demonstrate the efficiency of the biosafety cabinet for sorting experiments performed under biosafety level 2 conditions.Results:The experiments showed that LAF, which is necessary to build up sterile conditions in a biosafety cabinet, does not influence the conditions for side stream stability or the analytical precision of the FACS Vantage cell sorting system. In addition, tests performed to assess aerosol containment during operation of the special biosafety cabinet demonstrated that the cabinet‐integrated FACS Vantage unit (CIF) satisfies the conditions for class II cabinets. In the context of gene transfer experiments, the CIF facility was used to sort hematopoietic progenitor cells under biosafety level 2 conditions.Conclusions:The newly designed biosafety cabinet offers a practical modality for improving biosafety for operators and samples during cell sorting procedures. It can thus also be used for sorting experiments with genetically modified organisms in conformance with current biosafety regulations and guidelines. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Flow cytometric immunophenotypic profiles of mature gamma delta T‐cell malignancies involving peripheral blood and bone marrow
Authors: Ahmad Ejaz , Kingma Douglas W. , Jaffe Elaine S. , Schrager Jeffrey A. , Janik John , Wilson Wyndham , Stetler‐Stevenson Maryalice 
Published: June 2005

AbstractBackgroundIn this study we compared clinical findings with flow cytometric immunophenotypic results in a series of patients with aggressive and indolent gamma delta T‐cell malignancies with peripheral blood and/or bone marrow involvement.MethodsGamma delta T‐cell malignancies were detected based on flow cytometric demonstration of an abnormal T‐cell population staining positive with T‐cell receptor gamma delta and confirmed by morphologic and clinical reviews. Clinical data were obtained through chart review and discussion with the patients' physicians.ResultsBlood or bone marrow involvement was present in all patients. Hepatosplenic and cutaneous gamma delta T‐cell lymphomas had an aggressive clinical course, whereas the gamma delta T‐cell large granular lymphocyte (LGL) leukemias had an indolent course. Expressions of CD5, CD8, CD16, and CD57 differed in gamma delta T‐cell LGL leukemia compared with hepatosplenic and cutaneous gamma delta T‐cell lymphomas.ConclusionsGamma delta T‐cell malignancies have a poor prognosis with the exception of gamma delta T‐cell LGL leukemia (indolent process). Because CD57 expression is specific for gamma delta T‐cell LGL leukemias, expression of this antigen may be associated with a more indolent clinical course. Because cutaneous gamma delta T‐cell lymphoma can present with peripheral blood involvement, flow cytometric evaluation of peripheral blood is important in staging these patients. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Developmental changes in heteromeric P2X2/3 receptor expression in rat sympathetic ganglion neurons
Authors: Dunn Philip M. , Gever Joel , Ruan Huai‐Zhen , Burnstock Geoffrey 
Published: June 2005

AbstractWe have used whole cell patch clamp recording and immunohistochemistry to investigate the expression of P2X2/3 receptors in rat superior cervical ganglion neurons during late embryonic and early post‐natal development. Neurons from E18 and P1 animals responded to the nicotinic agonist dimethylphenylpiperazinium (DMPP), and the purinoceptor agonists ATP and α,β‐meATP with sustained inward currents. Responsiveness to DMPP was maintained at P17, while that to ATP declined dramatically, and responses to α,β‐meATP were rarely detected. Immunohistochemistry for the P2X3 subunit revealed widespread staining in superior cervical ganglia from P1 rats, but little immunoreactivity in ganglia from P17 animals. In neurons from P1 animals, the response to α,β‐meATP exhibited pharmacological properties of the heteromeric P2X2/3 receptor. In conclusion, sympathetic neurons of the rat superior cervical ganglion are more responsive to ATP and α,β‐meATP at birth and during the early post‐natal period, due largely to the expression of the P2X3 subunit, but these responses are much reduced in mature rats. Developmental Dynamics 234:505–511, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ontogeny of tyrosine hydroxylase mRNA expression in mid‐ and forebrain: Neuromeric pattern and novel positive regions
Authors: Marín Faustino , Herrero María‐Trinidad , Vyas Sheela , Puelles Luis 
Published: June 2005

AbstractTyrosine hydroxylase (TH) is the rate‐limiting enzyme in the synthesis of catecholamines and, thus, critical in determining the catecholaminergic phenotype. In this study, we have examined the expression of TH mRNA by in situ hybridization in the embryonic mouse forebrain and midbrain and have mapped its localization according to the neuromeric pattern. We find that early in embryonic development, 10 to 12 days post coitum (dpc), TH mRNA is expressed in ample continuous regions of the neuroepithelium, extending across several neuromeres. However, from 12.5 dpc onward, the expression becomes restricted to discrete regions, which correspond to the dopaminergic nuclei (A8 to A15). In addition to these nuclei previously described, TH mRNA is also observed in regions that do not express this enzyme according to immunohistochemical studies. This difference in relation to protein expression pattern is consequent with the known posttranscriptional regulation of TH expression. The most representative example of a novel positive region is the conspicuous mRNA expression in both medial and lateral ganglionic eminences. This result agrees with reports describing the capacity of striatal stem cells (that is, located at the lateral ganglionic eminence) to become dopaminergic in vitro. Other regions include the isthmic mantle layer and the early floor plate of the midbrain–caudal forebrain. On the whole, the expression map we have obtained opens new perspectives for evolutionary/comparative studies, as well as for therapeutic approaches looking for potentially dopaminergic cells. Developmental Dynamics 234:709–717, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Speaker adaptation techniques for speech recognition using probabilistic models
Authors: Shinoda Koichi 
Published: June 2005

AbstractIn speech recognition, speaker adaptation refers to the range of techniques whereby a speech recognition system is adapted to the acoustic features of a specific user using a small sample of utterances from that user. In recent years the practical development of speaker‐independent speech recognition systems using continuous density hidden Markov models has seen significant progress; however, the recognition performance of these systems has not yet reached that of speaker‐dependent speech recognition systems in which a user's speech is registered beforehand. Much hope has therefore been placed on the establishment of speaker adaptation techniques that can bring performance of a speaker‐independent system up to that of a speaker‐dependent one using the smallest amounts of data. In this paper we present a survey of previous research into speaker adaptation techniques focusing particularly on three important approaches in this area: maximuma posteriori(MAP) parameter estimation, maximum likelihood linear regression (MLLR), and eigenvoices. We also discuss approaches that combine these techniques in a lateral fashion. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 3, 88(12): 25–42, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ ecjc.20207
Development and evaluation of a hierarchical clustering and pattern averaging method applicable to on‐line handwritten character recognition based on feature point approximation
Authors: Yokota Toshimi , Kuzunuki Soushiro , Gunji Keiko , Hamada Nagaharu , Katsura Koyo 
Published: June 2005

AbstractWith the approximate matching methods based on feature points that have become widely used in on‐line character recognition in recent years, it is difficult to collect statistics for individual points as the number of points used to match a single character varies from pattern to pattern. It has therefore not been possible to apply simultaneous clustering and pattern averaging techniques that have proven effective elsewhere in improving recognition rates while controlling the size of a recognition dictionary. In this paper, to deal with this situation, we note that it is possible to use the matching function of a recognition engine to find the average value between two patterns. We propose a method based on hierarchical clustering that allows the simultaneous clustering and averaging of patterns to create a dictionary and is also applicable to on‐line character recognition using feature point approximation methods. We have conducted experiments using the handwriting database of Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology. In these experiments using samples of handwriting from 20 people, we found that by optimizing a cluster merge condition threshold parameterLthand a recording condition threshold parameterNwe were able to obtain good recognition rates: 88.1% for non‐kanji characters, 97.6% for 500 kanji characters with multiple dictionary entries, and 91.1% for 500 single entry kanji characters. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 3, 88(12): 58–68, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjc.20209
Combined chondrocyte–copolymer implantation with slow release of basic fibroblast growth factor for tissue engineering an auricular cartilage construct
Authors: Isogai Noritaka , Morotomi Tadaaki , Hayakawa Sumio , Munakata Hiroshi , Tabata Yasuhiko , Ikada Yoshito , Kamiishi Hiroshi 
Published: June 2005

AbstractBasic fibroblast growth factor (b‐FGF) may have a role in tissue‐engineered chondrogenesis. However, when applied in solution, b‐FGF rapidly diffuses from the implant site. In another approach for tissue engineering, poly‐lactide‐based copolymers have shown promise as scaffolds for chondrocytes used to tissue engineer auricular cartilage in the shape of an ear. This study evaluated the effectiveness of b‐FGF impregnated in gelatin microspheres to achieve slow growth factor release for augmenting the in vivo chondrogenic response. Whereas 125I‐labeled b‐FGF injected in solution showed rapid in vivo clearance from the injection site (only 3% residual after 24 h), when incorporated into gelatin microspheres, 44% and 18% of the b‐FGF remained at 3 and 14 days, respectively. Canine chondrocytes were isolated and grown in vitro onto ear‐shaped poly‐lactide/caprolactone copolymers for 1 week, then implanted into the dorsal subcutaneous tissue of nude mice; implants contained b‐FGF either in free solution or in gelatin microspheres. A third group underwent preinjection of b‐FGF in gelatin microspheres 4 days before chondrocyte–copolymer implantation. The implants with b‐FGF‐incorporated microspheres showed the greatest chondrogenic characteristics at 5 and 10 weeks postoperatively: good shape and biomechanical trait retention, strong (histologic) metachromasia, rich vascularization of surrounding tissues, and increased gene expression for type II collagen (cartilage marker) and factor VIII‐related antigen (vascular marker). In the case of implant site preadministration with b‐FGF‐impregnated microspheres, the implant architecture was not maintained as well, and reduced vascularization and metachromasia was also apparent. In conclusion, these findings indicate that a sustained release of b‐FGF augments neovascularization and chondrogenesis in a tissue‐engineered cartilage construct. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2005
Effect of surface treatment on the shear bond strength of three resin cements to a machinable feldspatic ceramic
Authors: Reich Sven M. , Wichmann Manfred , Frankenberger Roland , Zajc Dorothea 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the shear bond strength of three resin cements to Vita Mark II ceramics under different pretreatments of the ceramic surface and to examine whether simplified pretreatment procedures would result in satisfying results compared to the state of the art. RelyX Unicem (RXU), Calibra (CAL), and Variolink II (VAR) were used as resin cements and bonded to machine milled feldspatic disks, pretreated in five different ways. (1) no pretreatment of the ceramic surface; (2) surface etched with hydrofluoric acid (HF); (3) ceramic surface silanized; (4) ceramic surface etched (HF) and silanized, (5) ceramic surface etched (HF), silanized, and covered with Heliobond. The shear bond strengths were measured initially, after 5000 and 10,000 thermocycles (TC). After 10,000 TC for CAL only procedure 5 resulted in a reliable adhesion median value of 10.7 MPa. VAR showed median values of 24.6, 17.2, and 18.1 MPa for pretreatments 5, 3, and 4, respectively. RXU performed 25.9, 22.0, and 11.0 MPa for procedures 5, 4, and 3, respectively. For procedure 2, RXU revealed the significantly highest value with 15.4 MPa (U‐test, p = 0.05). Only RXU‐luted specimens of procedure 1 survived the 10,000 thermocycles. The results revealed that a simplification of the ceramic pretreatment for VAR and RXU might be possible. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2005
Morphology of the pharyngeal cavity, especially the surface ultrastructure of gill arches and gill rakers in relation to the feeding ecology of the catfish Rita rita (Siluriformes, Bagridae)
Authors: Kumari Usha , Yashpal Madhu , Mittal Swati , Mittal Ajay Kumar 
Published: June 2005

AbstractGill arches and the gill rakers of a sluggish, carnivorous catfish, Rita rita, show significant differences of their surface ultrastructure, which are recognized adaptive modifications in relation to food and feeding ecology of fish. Gill rakers on the first and second pairs of gill arches are borne on the oral side and are long and stout at the epi‐ceratobranchial union. Gill rakers on the third and fourth pairs of gill arches, in contrast, are borne on the oral and aboral sides and are relatively delicate and short. Long and stout gill rakers on the first and second pairs of gill arches are considered primarily to prevent entry of undesirably large food items into the pharynx. Two types of taste buds, Type I and Type II, occur on the gill arches and the gill rakers. The raised taste buds, located at the apical ends of the gill rakers on the third, fourth, and the fifth pairs of gill arches could increase gustatory efficiency in the pharynx. Differences in the distribution of taste buds on the pharyngeal sides of different gill arches indicate that the posterior part of the pharynx plays a more crucial role in gustation than does the anterior part. Co‐occurrence of teeth and taste buds on the epi‐ and hypopharyngeal bones denotes that food processing and gustation occur simultaneously in the pharynx. Villiform and caniform teeth on the epi‐ and hypopharyngeal bones are associated with a complex food‐processing cycle. Mucous secretions, oozing through mucous cell openings, provide lubrication facilitating smooth passage of food through the pharynx. The angle of curvature at the epi‐ceratobranchial union of the first to fourth pairs of gill arches could assist the ventral drag of ceratobranchials in lowering of the pharyngeal floor, thus resulting in a great expansion of the pharynx, as needed to accommodate the large quantities of food captured. J. Morphol. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Where does gonadal sex differentiation begin? Gradient of histological sex differentiation in the gonads of pejerrey, Odontesthes bonariensis (Pisces, Atherinidae)
Authors: Strüssmann Carlos Augusto , Ito Lauro Satoru 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThis study investigated the possibility that the histological process of gonadal sex differentiation in pejerrey (Odontesthes bonariensis), a fish with marked temperature‐dependent sex determination (TSD), occurs through a predictable gradient of differentiation as opposed to simultaneous or random differentiation throughout the gonad. For this purpose, fish reared at 17°, 24°, and 29°C from hatching were sampled weekly for 11 weeks, fixed, and prepared for histological observation of serial cross‐sections of the gonads. The thermal manipulation and sampling procedure ensured the availability of males and females at various degrees of gonadal sex differentiation. The location of the differentiated area(s) was estimated in the right and left gonads of 17 females and 14 males selected among the available specimens so as to represent increasing degrees of differentiation. The analysis revealed that sex differentiation followed a gradient from the anterior to posterior areas of the gonads regardless of sex. Furthermore, plotting of the degree of sex differentiation in the right gonad as a function of the degree of differentiation of the left gonad clearly showed that sex differentiation only begins in the right gonad when 10–30% of the length of the left gonad has already differentiated. The mean rostral edge of the differentiated areas in females was 9% and 10.8% for the left and right gonads, respectively, while for males these values were 7.3% and 7.0%, respectively. Thus, it was established that ovarian and testicular differentiation in pejerrey follow both a cephalocaudal and a left‐to‐right gradient. Possible explanations for this gradient and its relevance for TSD in pejerrey, that is, as a mechanism to prevent discrepant differentiation of male and female features within the same gonad, are discussed. J. Morphol. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Formation and stability of oxocarbenium ions from glycosides
Authors: Denekamp Chagit , Sandlers Yana 
Published: June 2005

AbstractStructural, protecting group and leaving group effects in the formation of oxocarbenium intermediates were studied in the gas phase. It is found that significant stabilization of oxocarbenium cations is achieved by protecting groups that interact with the cationic center via neighboring group participation despite the electron‐withdrawing character of these moieties. On the other hand, ethereal protecting groups do not facilitate the formation of oxocarbenium intermediates. The experimental findings are supported by DFT calculations that show the following order of stabilization by the group adjacent to the cationic center: RCO > SiR3 > R, where R is an alkyl group. This indicates that the SN1‐like mechanism that is commonly proposed for this reaction is not always valid. Moderate leaving group effect is also detected in a series of thioaryl glucopyranosides. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Low‐Temperature FT‐NIR Spectroscopy of Strain‐Induced Orientation and Crystallization in a Poly(dimethylsiloxane) Network
Authors: Klimov Evgueni , Hoffmann Günter G. , Gumenny Alexander , Siesler Heinz W. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractSummary: The mechanical properties, morphology, and orientation of a poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) network have been studied during cyclic elongation and recovery by simultaneous Fourier‐transform near‐infrared polarization spectroscopy at temperatures ranging from room temperature to −40 °C. Completely different orientation/recovery mechanisms and changes in the state of order of PDMS were detected as a consequence of cyclic loading/unloading with decreasing temperature. The differences observed at −20 °C compared to room temperature are explained in terms of conformationally regular chain segments, whereas the cooling to −40 °C leads to the formation of lamellar crystals.Stress/strain diagrams of the elongation/recovery‐cycles of the PDMS films.magnified imageStress/strain diagrams of the elongation/recovery‐cycles of the PDMS films.
Electropolymerized Multilayer Conducting Polymers with Response to Gaseous Hydrogen Chloride
Authors: Hao Qingli , Wang Xin , Lu Lude , Yang Xujie , Mirsky Vladimir M. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractSummary: A step‐by‐step ‘all‐electrochemical’ approach has been presented to develop a multilayer structure of conducting polymers for gas sensors. The integrated structure includes a sensitive layer (polyaniline, PANI) and a conductive bridge consisting of poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT). Good sensitivity, stability, and response of the multilayer material to gaseous HCl indicate a possible application of conductive polymers to provide a binding of sensitive elements in sensors or other fields.The conducting multilayer material, Au/pATP/PANI/PEDOT, was synthesized electrochemically.magnified imageThe conducting multilayer material, Au/pATP/PANI/PEDOT, was synthesized electrochemically.