bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk factors of severe acute malnutrition in children aged 12 to 23 months. A case-control study in the Kabinda Health Zone, Lomami Province, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC)
Authors: KALALA Christian MBAMBU , Luzingu Joy Kinko , Kyloka Jean Nyandwe 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective:
To identify the risk factors of severe acute malnutrition (SAM) in children aged 12 to 23 months in the Kabinda health zone, Democratic Republic of Congo.
Methods:
We conducted an unmatched case-control study in a hospital setting. We enrolled 180 children (60 cases and 120 controls) aged 12 to 23 months admitted to the Kabinda general referral hospital in the Kabinda health zone between May and August 2023. Data were collected by interview of mothers/caregivers using an electronic questionnaire and by measuring the children's anthropometric parameters. The nutritional status of cases and controls was determined according to the 2006 WHO growth standards.
Risk factors of severe acute malnutrition were identified using logistic regression by reporting the odds ratios and confidence intervals at the 95% threshold. A p-value < 0.05 was considered as the threshold for statistical significance. All analyzes were carried out using STATA 17 software.
Results:
In this study, the risk factors of SAM among 12 to 23 months olds were the initiation of complementary feeding before the age of 6 months (aOR = 2.93; 95% CI: [1.26 - 6.80] ; p = 0.012), household size greater than 5 members (aOR = 3.66; 95% CI: [1.61 - 8.28]; p = 0.002) and the household wealth index: very poor (aOR = 16.39; 95% CI: [3.19; 84.20]; p = 0.001), poor (aOR = 5.64; 95% CI: [1.07 - 29.56]; p = 0.041) and average households (aOR = 5.75; 95% CI: [1.09 - 30.31]; p = 0.039).
Conclusion:
The study identified household size, household wealth index and initiation of complementary feeding before 6 months of age as risk factors of SAM among children aged 12 to 23 months. A multisectoral approach is necessary for the implementation of intervention strategies aimed at improving the socioeconomic level of households, family planning and the promotion among mothers of good infant and young child feeding practices in order to have an impact more important on the SAM situation.
Amino acid-modified porous carbon foams derived from wheat powder with enhanced adsorption performance for VOCs
Authors: Huang Weiqiu , Chai Xinhan , Li Xufei , Wang Xinya , Zhou Yankang , Zhu Bing , Li Yuning , Tian Xinchen 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Porous Carbon Foam (PCF), known for its high surface area and abundant functional groups, is considered to exhibit superior adsorption capacity and wide applicability for gases. Wheat, being a widely cultivated and easily accessible crop globally, contains abundant carbon elements. In this study, wheat powder served as the carbon precursor, and β-alanine, rich in amino and carboxyl groups, was introduced into the hierarchical pore structure of wheat powder. Subsequently, the material underwent secondary hydrothermal treatment with the activation agent potassium hydroxide (KOH), resulting in Hydrothermal Wheat Powder PCF (HWPCF) rich in a three-dimensional interconnected structure with layered pores as the representative feature. This structural treatment increased the specific surface area (2278 m2·g− 1) and total pore volume (1.17 cm3·g− 1) of PCF, accelerating the rapid mass transfer of gas molecules and significantly enhancing the utilization of adsorption sites in the modified PCF. HWPCF exhibited outstanding adsorption performance for acetone (608.7 mg/g) and n-hexane (517.6 mg/g). Additionally, the modified PCF showed good adsorption capacity for CO2 (4.99 mmol·g− 1). This study highlights the effective modification of expired wheat powder with β-alanine, reducing the overall carbon footprint of the production process and achieving the reuse of waste in an environmentally friendly manner.
Prescribing Patterns of SGLT2 inhibitors and GLP-1 receptor agonists in Patients with T2DM and ASCVD in South Korea
Authors: Eom Yeong Rok , Joo Hajung , Chae Seung Eun , Je Nam Kyung 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background:
Despite cardiovascular benefits of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP1RA) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), their utilization remains low globally. This study aimed to evaluate the utilization of SGLT2i and GLP1RA in patients with T2DM and ASCVD, as well as the factors associated with medications in South Korea.
Methods:
This retrospective study was conducted from 2015 to 2020, using National Patient Sample claims data. The study population included adult patients with confirmed T2DM and ASCVD diagnosed between March 1 and October 31 each year. Demographic and clinical characteristics, and influencing factors were investigated.
Results:
Among 57,576 study participants, SGLT2i use increased from 1.2–10.51% during the study period, whereas GLP1RA use increased slightly from 0–1.17%. Older age, comorbid chronic kidney disease, concurrent use of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors (DPP4i), and prescriptions from specific physician specialties negatively influenced SGLT2i use. Conversely, comorbid dyslipidemia, heart failure, concurrent use of sulfonylurea (SU), and prescriptions from cardiologists positively influenced SGLT2i use. For GLP1RA, older age, concurrent DPP4i use, and specific physician specialty were negative factors, whereas female sex, dyslipidemia, insulin, and SU use were positive factors.
Conclusions:
Despite increasing utilization, 88.35% of eligible patients remained untreated with SGLT2i and GLP1RA as of 2020. This study highlights the disparities in utilization based on patient characteristics and physician specialties, emphasizing the need to remove barriers and enhance clinical benefits for high-risk patients.
A secure multi-party hybrid encryption sharing scheme with a new 2D sine-cosine chaotic system and compressed sensing
Authors: Ma Fengying , Wu Liming , Ye Yunxiao , Zhang Fangfang 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

To address the security and fraud issues associated with transmitting sensitive plaintext image data over public channels, a secure multi-party hybrid encryption-sharing scheme, which integrates the 2D sine-cosine (2D-SC) chaotic system and P-tensor product compressed sensing (PTP-CS), is proposed. Firstly, the 2D-SC chaotic system is presented, and its state variables and performance are thoroughly analyzed. Secondly, by combining the 2D-SC chaotic system with the Logistic chaotic system, a sensing matrix and keystream are constructed. Under the control of the keystream, sparse processing, position permutation, compressed sensing, and bidirectional diffusion are applied to the plaintext image, generating a secret image and effectively reducing the correlation between pixels. Subsequently, the secret image is embedded into a non-sensitive carrier image using image steganography, creating a cipher image that provides dual protection for both the content and visual aspects of sensitive plaintext data. Finally, the cipher image is segmented into N shadow images and transmitted to N recipients through a public channel. Only when at least r recipients (r represents the minimum number of shares required for the reconstruction of the image, r < N) decide to initiate the image recovery process, the image can be successfully restored. The experimental findings validate that the proposed encryption scheme guarantees the secure recovery of sensitive data while resisting various common attacks, and exhibits strong visual security and compression performance.
Can Chat-GPT read and understand guidelines? - An example using the S2k guideline Intrauterine Growth Restriction of the German Society for Gynecology and Obstetrics
Authors: Psilopatis Iason , Bader Simon , Krueckel Annika , Kehl Sven , Beckmann Matthias Wilhelm , Emons Julius 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Purpose
To investigate the capacity of Chat-Generative Pre-Trained Transformer (Chat-GPT) to understand the S2k guideline of the German Society for Gynecology and Obstetrics on intrauterine growth restriction.
Methods
The German-language free Chat-GPT version was used to test the ability of Chat-GPT to understand the definition of small for gestational age and intrauterine growth restriction, to indicate the correct time and place of delivery and to evaluate ist ability to recommend a spontaneous delivery versus a primary caesarean section in accordance with the guideline recommendations. In order to objectively evaluate the suggestions a simple three-color ´traffic light´ evaluation system was employed.
Results
Almost all Chat-GPT´s suggestions in the context of definition of small for gestational age/intrauterine growth restriction as well as correct time of delivery were adequate, whereas more than half of the suggestions made in terms of correct delivery mode needed reformulation or even correction.
Conclusion
Chat-GPT appears to be a valuable form of artificial intelligence that could be integrated into everyday clinical practice.
A rare pediatric patient of anti-IgLON5 encephalitis with epileptic seizures as the first symptom
Authors: Xue Jiao , Song Zhenfeng , Zhao Hongshan , Yi Zhi , Li Fei , Yang Chengqing , Liu Kaixuan , Zhang Ying 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background: Anti-IgLON5 encephalitis was a rare neurological and heterogeneous disorder, which was mainly found in adults. Epileptic seizures related to anti-IgLON5 disease were rarely reported.
Methods: The autoimmune encephalitis-related antibodies in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were tested using Cell-Based Assays (CBA) with immunofluorescence double staining. The antibodies in serum were further confirmed by Tissue-Based Assay (TBA) with rat brain and kidney tissue (1:100).
Results: We reported a pediatric case presented with epileptic seizures, cognitive impairments, and sleep disorders. The presence of anti-IgLON5 antibodies (1:100+) in the serum leaded to a confirmed diagnosis of anti-IgLON5 encephalitis. While the low titer of anti-NMDAR antibody IgG (1:10+) in serum and negative in CSF prevented it as the primaryresponsible antibody.
Conclusion: We described the second pediatric case with anti-IgLON5 encephalitis, who was also the first presented with epileptic seizures as the initial presentation, with coexisting anti-IgLON5 as well as anti-NMDAR antibodies.
Maturity Onset Diabetes of the Young of eleven Chinese Children
Authors: Ma Shifeng , Li Rui , Liu Xiaoxiao , Han Xinyi , Sheng Sihan , Li Yilin , Zheng Rongxiu 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective
To identify characteristics of eleven children with Maturity Onset Diabetes of the Young (MODY) and reveal the correlation between phenotypes and genotypes for these patients.
Methods
We collected clinical characteristics including age at diagnosis, gender, clinical symptoms, physical examinations, development histories, laboratory data, and family histories, etc. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) panels were used to reveal the genetic variants for these patients.
Results
There were 6 male and 5 female patients in this study, age at diagnosis ranged from 5.1 to 14.5 years old, and body mass index (BMI) ranged from 18.1 kg/m2 to 31.6 kg/m2, 6 of them were overweight or obese. 13 mutations were identified from 11 patients in 8 genes: HNF4A and INSR (n = 1), GCK (n = 3), HNF1A (n = 2), PAX4 (n = 1), HNF1B (n = 2), BLK and ABCC8 (n = 1), and ABCC8 (n = 1). 2 patients obtained two mutations those could cause diabetes. Glutamate decarboxylase antibody (GADA) and islet associated antibody (IAA) were positive in the patient with PAX4-MODY. And clinical features of patients with the same MODY type were still different from each other. Insulin was used for patients with MODY 3, MODY 5, MODY 9, and 3 MODY 12 patients in this study.
Conclusion
Family history of hyperglycemia is not an exact clinical feature of every MODY, genetic sequencing should be applied for more patients with diabetes. The proportions of GCK-MODY were greater than others, and treatment for children with MODY is still challenging.
Vertical margin distance in T1 colorectal carcinoma resected by endoscopic submucosal dissection affects prognosis after additional surgery
Authors: Tanino Fumiaki , Yamashita Ken , Nagata Shinji , Kuwai Toshio , Kamigaichi Yuki , Tanaka Hidenori , Tamaru Yuzuru , Takigawa Hidehiko , Asayama Naoki , Urabe Yuji , Shimamoto Fumio , Oka Shiro 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Purpose
A vertical margin (VM) distance of < 500 µm is a risk factor for recurrence in patients with T1 colorectal carcinoma (CRC) resected by endoscopy. We aimed to determine the effects of the VM distance on the recurrence and prognosis of T1 CRC
Methods
We enrolled 154 patients with T1 CRC who underwent additional surgery after endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) at multiple centers between 2008 and 2016. None of the patients had lymph node metastasis (pStage I) and were followed up for > 5 years. A total of 154 patients were classified into patients with VM distance of < 500 µm including positive VM (n = 62, VM distance < 500 µm group) and patients with VM distance of ≥ 500 µm (n = 92, VM distance ≥ 500 µm group). The clinicopathological features, recurrence rates, and prognoses were compared between the groups using propensity-score matching (PSM).
Results
Tumor size and the rate of budding grade 2/3 in the VM distance < 500 µm group was significantly smaller and higher, respectively, than those in the VM distance ≥ 500 µm group. Tumors recurred in six of the 154 patients with VM distance < 500 µm. The 5-year recurrence-free survival rate was significantly higher in the VM distance ≥ 500 µm group than that in VM distance < 500 µm group after PSM (100% vs. 90%, p < 0.012).
Conclusions
Complete en bloc resection of T1 CRC via ESD must include a sufficient amount of submucosa to reduce the risk of metastasis and recurrence after additional surgery.
Two-stage hybrid surgical repair for aortic arch pathology with a shaggy aorta: A case report
Authors: Morishita Atsushi , Katahira Seiichiro , Hoshino Takeshi , Hanzawa Kazuhiko , Tomioka Hideyuki 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background: The surgical treatment strategy for aortic arch pathology with a shaggy aorta must be determined on a case-by-case basis because of the risk of catastrophic complications, such as brain infarction and spinal cord injury.
Case presentation: This report describes the surgical case of two saccular aneurysms of the arch and abdominal aorta associated with a shaggy aorta in a 63-year-old man who underwent total arch replacement and secondary thoracic endovascular aortic repair. Considering the risk of embolization during endovascular therapy, graft replacement for the abdominal aortic aneurysm was initially performed. On postoperative day 28, total arch replacement with the conventional elephant trunk was performed using the functional brain isolation technique, which invloves manipulating places far from the atherosclerotic burden, such as arterial inflow for cardiopulmonary bypass and unclamping of neck vessels. On postoperative day 7 after total arch replacement, thoracic endovascular aortic repair was performed across the conventional elephant trunk in the nondiseased descending aorta. No postoperative complications, such as cerebrovascular failure, paraplegia, or embolization to abdominal viscera or lower extremities, occurred. The patient remained asymptomatic.
Conclusions: The present case suggests that total arch replacement with the conventional elephant trunk and secondary thoracic endovascular aortic repair may be an effective alternative for aortic arch pathology with a shaggy aorta. The strategy for surgical treatment in patients with aortic arch pathologies with a shaggy aorta must be judged on a case-by-case basis, considering patient characteristics, comorbidities, and preoperative evaluation using transesophageal echocardiography and computed tomography angiography, to eliminate potential determinants of intraoperative stroke.
Video tracking-based Mandibular Movement Kinematic Analysis in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Yang Chen , Wei Zhenhai , Zhao Fei , Zhou Yangshiyu , Wu Linfei , Wei Xiaomei , Xie Chunqing 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Objective
Patients with dysphagia due to nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) after radiotherapy often have chewing difficulty. Kinematic analysis of mandibular movements may provide clinically useful information for the chewing function. However, current kinematic device costs limited clinical application, and specialized software is required for control and data processing. This study aimed to mandibular kinematics parameter recognition using a self-developed Nswallow 2D motion capture software. To investigate whether differences in kinematic data of mandibular movements during mastication can be used as an indicator of masticatory dysfunction in NPC patients, and the relationship with mastication efficiency.
Method
Thirty-three patients with early-stage NPC after radiotherapy and thirty-five healthy controls were recruited. The self-developed Nswallow 2D motion capture software was used to automatically mark and capture the facial parts of the participants. We tracked jaw kinematic during chewing, and analyzed the characteristics of kinematic data of mandibular movements during chewing tasks. Meanwhile, the masticatory efficiency using two-color chewing gum was analyzed by the Viewgum software.
Result
Significant differences were observed in the mastication time (Total Masticatory Time (NPC:12.349 ± 2.428; HC:8.742 ± 1.349) & Chewing Sequence Duration (NPC:636.573 ± 85.432; HC:543.646 ± 65.9388)), speed of mandibular motion (Maximum Speed (NPC:23.740(17.775,25.906); HC:28.800(24.643,38.800) & Average Speed (NPC:11.844(10.395,13.285); HC:18.169(15.790,21.435)), and Mandibular Motion Amplitude (NPC:7.159(5.887,7.869); HC:8.478(7.291;11.020)) between two groups (P < 0.000). Logistic regression analysis and receiver operating characteristic curve analyses were performed based on the above data as explanatory variables. Among them, the average chewing speed exhibited the highest area under the ROC curve, the odds ratio was 3.629, the cutoff value was 14.28, with a sensitivity of 90.91%, a specificity of 80.00%, and an area under the curve of 0.9255. The masticatory efficiency in the NPC group significantly decreased compared to the healthy control group (P < 0.000). Linear regression analysis showed that average chewing speed negatively affects masticatory efficiency.
Conclusion
The Nswallow 2D motion capture software represents an easy-to-use and affordable system that can be utilized to assess masticatory function in patients with NPC. In addition, the average speed of chewing is a highly sensitive kinematic indicator for evaluating mastication efficiency.
Efficacy and safety of different doses of tirzepatide in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and network meta-analysis
Authors: Zhu Junxia , Huang Yingjie , Luo Yang , Wen Yan , Li Haiyi , Li Wei , Deng Yutong , Shao Jieying , Huang Hai , Zhu Zhangzhi 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Introduction: This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of different doses of tirzepatide on hypoglycemic, weight-loss, improvement of beta-cell function and insulin resistance in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus compared with other glucose-lowering drugs or placebo.
Research Design and Methods: Searches were conducted for PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and Embase for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of tirzepatide from their inception to 2023. The network meta-analysis followed the PRISMA guidelines. Based on the Cochrane risk of bias tool, we analyzed the included RCTs using Stata 15.1. The standardized mean difference and surface under the cumulative ranking curve were presented for each result. An evaluation of publication bias was conducted using funnel plots.
Results: Data from 17 studies involving 10405 patients was analyzed. Tirzepatide 10 mg and 15 mg were more effective at hypoglycemic control and weight loss than basal insulin (glargine or degludec) or GLP-1RAs (dulaglutide or semaglutide). Tirzepatide 15mg plays a leading role in lowering body weight (SCURA probability: 98.3%), fasting insulin (95.4%), fasting C-Peptide (91.8%), fasting blood glucose (88.2%) and glycated hemoglobin (85.7%). As for safety, 7407 (72%) had at least one treatment-emergent adverse events and most of that were gastrointestinal adverse events.
Conclusions: Tirzepatide 15 mg, not only exhibited a favorable hypoglycemic and weight-loss efficacy, but also achieve a reduction of fasting insulin and fasting C-Peptide by comparison with insulin and GLP1-RAs. It is need of more well-designed RCTs to evaluate potential benefits on insulin resistance and pancreatic beta cell function of tirzepatide.
Low frequency of the wild-type freezing-tolerance LsCBF7 allele among lettuce population suggest a negative selection during domestication and breeding
Authors: Park Sunchung , Shi Ainong , Mou Beiquan 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Lettuce is one of the most consumed vegetables globally. Typically grown in temperatures ranging from 13 to 21°C, its cultivation continues through the colder months in regions with milder winters. However, these areas often experience freezing temperatures, leading to substantial yield losses. Therefore, the development of freezing-tolerant lettuce varieties has become a long-term goal of lettuce breeding programs. Despite its significance, our understanding of freezing tolerance in lettuce remains limited. Plants evolve a coping mechanism against freezing, known as cold acclimation, whereby they can increase freezing tolerance when pre-exposed to low nonfreezing temperatures. The CBF pathway is well-known for its central role in cold acclimation. Previously, we identified 14 CBF genes in lettuce and discovered that one of them, LsCBF7, had a loss-of-function mutation. In this study, we uncovered that accessions from colder regions carried the wild-type allele of LsCBF7 and this allele contributed to increased freezing tolerance, with 14% of the lettuce population carrying this allele. Interestingly, in wild lettuce (L. serriola) that is considered a progenitor of cultivated lettuce, this wild-type allele was much more common, with a frequency of 90%. This finding suggests that this wild-type allele may have undergone negative selection during the domestication or breeding of lettuce. Our data strongly indicate that this allele could be linked to early bolting, an undesirable trait in lettuce, which may have driven the negative selection. While this wild-type allele shows promise for improving freezing tolerance in lettuce, it is crucial to decouple it from the early bolting trait to fully harness its potential in lettuce breeding.
Complete Solution of the Einstein Field Equations for a Spherical Shell of Truly Incompressible Liquid
Authors: deLyra Jorge L. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

We present the solution of the Einstein field equations, in the static and spherically symmetric case, for an incompressible fluid, that has constant proper energy density at each and every point of the volume where it exists, according to a set of local observers who are stationary with respect to the fluid at each point. In the general case the fluid exists within a spherically symmetric shell with an inner vacuum-matter interface at a radial position r1 and an outer matter-vacuum interface at a radial position r2 in the Schwarzschild coordinate system. Therefore, in the general case there is an inner vacuum region with a repulsive singularity at the origin, just like in all other similar shell solutions. We present the parameter plane of the problem, and show that there are limits of solutions that approach the configuration of black holes, with the formation of an event horizon at the radial position r2.