bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental verification of torsional response control of asymmetric buildings using MR dampers
Authors: Yoshida Osamu , Dyke Shirley J. , Giacosa Luca M. , Truman Kevin Z. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThis paper proposes a semiactive control system to reduce the coupled lateral and torsional motions in asymmetric buildings subjected to horizontal seismic excitations. Magnetorheological (MR) dampers are applied as semiactive control devices and the control input determination is based on a clipped‐optimal control algorithm which uses absolute acceleration feedback. The performance of this method is studied experimentally using a 2‐story building model with an asymmetric stiffness distribution. An automated system identification methodology is implemented to develop a control‐oriented model which has the natural frequencies observed in the experimental system. The parameters for the MR damper model are identified using experimental data to develop an integrated model of the structure and MR dampers. To demonstrate the performance of this control system on the experimental structure, a shake table is used to reproduce an El Centro 1940 N–S earthquake as well as a random white noise excitation. The responses for the proposed control system are compared to those of passive control cases in which a constant voltage is applied to the MR damper. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reduced basis simulations as a tool for generating turbulent inlet‐data for two opposing jets
Authors: Johansson Peter S. , Andersson Helge I. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractReduced basis simulations are used in order to generate turbulent inlet boundary conditions for a direct numerical simulation of two opposing wall jets. The two entering jets are fully turbulent channel flows of Reynolds number 180, based on friction velocity and half channel height. The inflow turbulence is generated by solving dynamical equations for the large scales only, while less energetic small scales are added randomly. The proper orthogonal decomposition method is used to identify the large scale modes used in the basis set. Mean velocity and turbulence statistics have been reported in various planes of the interaction region and the outwash jet. The increase in maximum turbulence energy from the inlet jet to the stagnation region is about 500%. The spreading rate of the merged jet was found to be 0.125. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On optimization, control and shape design of an arterial bypass
Authors: Rozza Gianluigi 
Published: January 2005

AbstractMulti‐level geometrical approaches in the study of aorto‐coronaric bypass anastomoses configurations are discussed. The theory of optimal control based on adjoint formulation is applied in order to optimize the shape of the incoming branch of the bypass (the toe) into the coronary. At this level, two possible options are available in shape design: one implements local boundary variations in computational domain, the other, based on the theory of small perturbations, makes use of a linearized design in a reference domain. At a coarser level, reduced basis methodologies based on parametrized partial differential equations are developed to provide (a) a sensitivity analysis for geometrical quantities of interest in bypass configurations and (b) rapid and reliable prediction of integral functional outputs. The aim is (i) to provide design indications for arterial surgery in the perspective of future development for prosthetic bypasses, (ii) to develop multi‐level numerical methods for optimization and shape design by optimal control, and (iii) to provide an input–output relationship led by models with lower complexity and computational costs. We have numerically investigated a reduced model based on Stokes equations and a vorticity cost functional (to be minimized) in the down‐field zone of bypass: a Taylor like patch has been found. A feedback procedure with Navier–Stokes fluid model is proposed based on the analysis of wall shear stress‐related indexes. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Preconditioners for inhomogeneous anisotropic problems in spherical geometry
Authors: Brown D. E. , Nichols N. K. , Bell M. J. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractElliptic equations arising in free‐surface ocean models are typically solved using iterative methods. Anisotropy associated with standard spherical co‐ordinate systems causes the convergence of the iterative methods to be slow, particularly in polar regions. This behaviour is demonstrated here using a diagonally preconditioned conjugate gradient method (PCG) method to solve a Helmholtz elliptic model problem with a standard five‐point discretization scheme on a 2D spherical domain. The cause of the poor polar convergence is shown to be the increased importance, with increased mesh anisotropy, of eigenmodes with strong polar signals. Block diagonal and alternating direction implicit (ADI) preconditioners are found to give improved convergence. Crown copyright 2005. Reproduced with the permission of Her Majesty's Stationery Office. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Adaptive particle distribution for smoothed particle hydrodynamics
Authors: Lastiwka Martin , Quinlan Nathan , Basa Mihai 
Published: January 2005

AbstractA framework for adaptively inserting and removing particles with smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) has been developed. A number of SPH variants were examined for use in an adaptive method. A minimum of linear consistency in the method has proven critical. Algorithms for particle placement and reassignment are discussed and results for a shock tube problem are shown. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Unsteady turbulent flow with sudden pressure gradient changes
Authors: Chung Yongmann M. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractDirect numerical simulations are performed for a turbulent flow subjected to a sudden change in pressure gradient. The calculations are started from a fully developed turbulent channel flow at Reτ=180. The pressure gradient of the channel flow is then changed abruptly. The responses of the turbulence quantities (e.g. turbulence intensities, Reynolds shear stress, and vorticity fluctuations) and the near‐wall turbulence structure to the pressure gradient change are investigated. It is found that there are two different relaxations: a fast relaxation at the early stage and a slow one at the later stage. The early response of the velocity fluctuations shows an anisotropic response to the near‐wall turbulence. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis of some new azole, azepine, pyridine, and pyrimidine derivatives using 6‐hydroxy‐4H‐4‐oxo[1]‐benzopyran‐3‐ carboxaldehyde as a versatile starting material
Authors: Abdel‐Rahman A. H. , Hammouda M. A. A. , El‐Desoky S. I. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractCondensation of 3‐formyl chromone 1 with hydroxylamine hydrochloride afforded the corresponding oxime 2 that was converted to nitrile 3. Refluxing of oxime 2 and/or nitrile 3 with aceturic or hippuric acid gave 16 and 17. Treatment of 1 with semicarbazide hydrochloride and thiosemicarbazide afforded the corresponding carbazones 5–6 that underwent cyclization with ethyl bromoacetate and/or chloroacetone yielding 7–8. Also 1 reacted with acyclic active methylene reagents, e.g. malononitrile, ethyl cyanoacetate, and ethyl acetoacetate to form compounds 11, 12, and 13. Reaction of 1 with bifunctional reagents, e.g. benzil, o‐phenylenediamine, o‐aminophenol, and o‐aminothiophenol yielding the corresponding imidazolyl bezopyranone and azepine derivatives 14–20. Condensation of 1 with acyclic or heterocyclic compounds containing active methylene group, e.g. hippuric acid forming the condensed products 21–27. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 16:20–27, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20048
Synthesis of novel chiral 2‐oxo‐ and 2‐thio‐1,3,2‐oxazaphospholidines via asymmetric cyclization of L‐methionol with (thio)phosphoryl dichlorides
Authors: Liu Ling‐yan , Chen Ru‐yu , Huang You 
Published: January 2005

AbstractIn order to search for novel antitumor and antiviral agents with high activity and low toxicity, a series of chiral 2‐thio(oxo)‐1,3,2‐oxazaphospholidines were synthesized via the reaction of L‐methionol with all kinds of (thio)phosphoryl dichlorides in THF in the presence of triethylamine at room temperature. The structures of all of the new compounds were confirmed by elemental analyses, 1H, 31P NMR, and IR spectra. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 16:33–38, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20060
Synthesis of substituted benzoindolinothiazepines using 5‐ and 6‐nitroindolines
Authors: Laconde G. , Depreux P. , Berthelot P. , Hénichart J.‐P. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractHere is proposed a method of synthesis of benzoindolothiazepine compounds using Friedel‐ Crafts reactions conditions from indolines. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 16:39–43, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20063
One‐pot synthesis of pyridine derivatives via diels‐alder reactions of 2,4‐dimethyl‐5‐methoxyoxazole
Authors: Bondock Samir 
Published: January 2005

AbstractA novel series of pyridine derivatives with anticipated biological activity have been synthesized via Diels‐Alder reactions of 2,4‐dimethyl‐5‐methoxyoxazole with different types of dienophiles. The regioselectivity of the cycloaddition was inverted from methylacrylate to tert‐butylacrylate. The structural elucidation of the new compounds was carried on the basis of spectral and X‐ray analyses. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 16:49–55, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20064
Facile synthesis of 2‐alkylthio‐3‐amino‐4 H‐imidazol‐4‐ones and 2H‐imidazo[2,1‐b]‐1,3,4‐thiadiazin‐6(7H)‐ones via N‐vinylic iminophosphorane
Authors: Ding Ming‐Wu , Fu Bo‐Qiao , Yuan Ju‐Zhen 
Published: January 2005

Abstract2‐Alkylthio‐3‐amino‐4H‐imidazol‐4‐ ones 5 were synthesized by S‐alkylation of 2‐thioxo‐3‐amino‐4‐imidazolidinones 4, which were obtained via cyclization of isothiocyanates 2 with hydrazine hydrate. 5l–n reacted with Ph3P, C2Cl6, and NEt3 to give 2H‐imidazo[2,1‐b]‐1,3,4‐thiadiazin‐ 6(7H)‐ones 7a–c in good yields. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 16:76–80, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20069
Reactions of 2‐amino‐3‐cyano‐4,5,6,7‐tetrahydrobenzo[b]thiophene and 2‐amino‐3‐cyano‐4,7‐diphenyl‐5‐methyl‐4H‐pyrano[2,3‐c] pyrazole with phenylisocyanate, carbon disulfide, and thiourea
Authors: Youssef Ahmed S. A. , Kandeel Kamal A. , Fouli Fouli A. , Abou‐Elmagd Wael S. I. 
Published: January 2005

Abstract2‐Amino‐3‐cyano‐4,5,6,7‐tetrahydrobenzo[b]thiophene 1a or 2‐amino‐3‐cyano‐4,7‐di‐ phenyl‐5‐methyl‐4H‐pyrano[2,3‐c]pyrazole 2a reacted with phenylisocyanate in dry pyridine to give 2‐(3‐phenylureido)‐3‐cyanobenzo[b]thiophene 1b or 2‐disubstituted amino‐3‐cyanopyranopyrazole 2b derivative. However, when 1a and 2a were refluxed with carbon disulfide in 10% ethanolic sodium hydroxide solution, they afforded the thieno[2,3‐d]pyrimidin‐2,4‐dithione derivative 5 in the former case, 2,4‐dicyano‐1,3‐bis(dithio carboxamino)cyclobuta‐1,3‐ diene 6 and pyrazolopyranopyrido[2,3‐d]pyrimidin‐ 2,4‐dithione derivative 7 in the latter one. Treatment of 2a with thiourea in refluxing ethanol in the presence of potassium carbonate gave 2,2′‐dithiobispyrimidine derivative 9 (major) in addition to pyranopyrazole derivative 10 and 2,2′‐dithiobis ethoxypyrimidine derivative 11 in minor amounts. The structures of all products were evidenced by microanalytical and spectral data. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 16:6–11, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20070
Using the 1,2‐dihydro‐1,2‐diphosphinine ring as a template for the synthesis of new bicyclic structures and new trans‐chelating bis‐phosphines
Authors: Huy Ngoc Hoa Tran , Chaigne Pauline , Déchamps Ingrid , Ricard Louis , Mathey François 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe 1,2‐dihydro‐1,2‐diphosphinine decacarbonylditungsten complex 1 has been used as a synthetic equivalent of the corresponding 1,2‐dianion 2. These two 1,2‐positions can be linked by a (CH2)4 bridge to yield a [4.4.0] bicyclic structure 6 whose identity has been confirmed by X‐ray crystal structure analysis. Alternatively, two ω‐iodohexyl chains can be grafted onto these positions and the resulting diiodo derivative 9 transformed into a long‐chain bis‐phosphine 10 by reaction with lithium diphenylphosphide. This bis‐phosphine gives a chelate complex with PdCl2 whose trans‐stereochemistry was established by X‐ray crystal structure analysis. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 16:44–48, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20073
Achieving data compatibility over space and time: creating consistent geographical zones
Authors: Norman Paul , Rees Philip , Boyle Paul 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe importance of boundary specification and problems with using arbitrarily defined subnational areas for the collection and dissemination of socioeconomic data are widely recognised. Much research has focused on the modifiable areal unit problem and on custom zone design, but the practical difficulties created by temporal inconsistencies in zonal boundaries have received less consideration. The UK experiences frequent administrative boundary changes causing difficulties in producing comparable statistics through time. Unless a consistent geographical approach is taken with time‐series data, it cannot be known whether changes in the relationships between variables collected for areas at different points in time are real or an artefact of boundary changes. After illustrating the nature of the boundary change problems to be overcome, this paper appraises strategies that can be adopted and develops a method by which time‐series data can be established on a consistent geographical basis. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Who is the counter‐urban mover? Evidence from the Swedish urban system
Authors: Lindgren Urban 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThis study analyses differences between counter‐urban movers and movers heading for other destinations. Through the elaboration of a spatial model based upon settlement structure and functional hinterlands, counter‐urban migration can be measured on the ground throughout the urban system. Empirical analysis of the counter‐urban mover is rendered possible by access to a comprehensive longitudinal micro‐database that contains demographic, socio‐economic and detailed geographic information for all Swedish citizens. Binomial and multinomial logit models are estimated to capture the partial effects of variables related to the individual, the household, the labour market, life course events, and regional economic conditions on the choice of migration destination. The results of the analyses show that counter‐urban movers are more likely to be older, born in Sweden or any other Scandinavian country, less well‐off, having a university qualification, living single, being outside the labour force, and becoming unemployed close to the migration event. The emerging picture of the Swedish counter‐urban mover reveals an individual who may be striving for other qualities in life, where career and earnings are of minor importance. Somewhat unexpectedly, the counter‐urban movers show no systematic differences depending on their place of departure. No clear hierarchy‐specific effects across the urban system can be found. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A comparison of migration behaviour in Japan and Britain using spatial interaction models
Authors: Yano Keiji , Nakaya Tomoki , Fotheringham A. Stewart , Openshaw Stan , Ishikawa Yoshitaka 
Published: January 2005

AbstractSeveral recent papers have compared the measurement of migration in different countries, and some have compared migration patterns to the extent that these can be compared cross‐nationally. In this paper we measure and comment on differences in the behaviour of migrants in two systems, Japan and Britain. In both countries the focus of attention is on interregional migration. Migration behaviour is measured in terms of elasticities of migration responses to various aspects of destination attractiveness, namely distance from the origin, population size and relative accessibility to other destinations. Origin‐specific migration destination choice models are calibrated to obtain this information. The results reveal interesting differences in the factors underlying destination attractiveness in the two countries which have important implications both for the way in which migration is modelled, and for the impacts of migration on the urban systems in both countries. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mechanical performance and osteoblast‐like cell responses of fluorine‐substituted hydroxyapatite and zirconia dense composite
Authors: Kim Hae‐Won , Knowles Jonathan C. , Li Long‐Hao , Kim Hyoun‐Ee 
Published: January 2005

AbstractA fluorine‐substituted hydroxyapatite (FHA) and zirconia (ZrO2) dense composite (50:50 by volume) was fabricated, and its feasibility for hard tissue applications was investigated in terms of its mechanical properties and osteoblast‐like cell (MG63) responses in vitro. The incorporation of fluorine into the hydroxyapatite (HA) structure was highly effective in producing a completely dense apatite–ZrO2 composite through a pressureless sintering route, by preventing the thermal degradation of the apatite and ZrO2. The resultant FHA–ZrO2 dense composite had excellent mechanical properties, such as flexural strength (310 MPa), fracture toughness (3.4 MPam1/2), hardness (10 GPa), and elastic modulus (160 GPa). The flexural strength and fracture toughness of the composite showed a noticeable improvement by a factor of ∼4 with respect to the pure apatites (HA and FHA). The MG63 cellular responses to the composite were assessed in terms of the cell proliferation (cell number and [3H]‐thymidine incorporation) and differentiation (alkaline phosphatase activity, osteocalcin, and collagen production). The cells on the FHA–ZrO2 composite spread and grew well, and proliferated actively during the culture period. The expression of alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin, and collagen by the cells on the composite showed a similar trend to that on the pure apatites, although slight down‐regulations were observed, implying that the FHA–ZrO2 50:50 composite retains the osteoblastic functionality and traits of the pure HA ceramics to a high degree. This finding, in conjunction with the considerable improvements in mechanical properties, supports the extended use of this composite for hard tissue applications. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 72A: 258–268, 2005
Temporal effects of a COX‐2‐selective NSAID on bone ingrowth
Authors: Goodman Stuart B. , Ma Ting , Mitsunaga Lance , Miyanishi Keita , Genovese Mark C. , Smith R. Lane 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe effects of a short course of a COX‐2 inhibitor on bone healing when the drug is discontinued are unknown. We examined the effects of rofecoxib on bone ingrowth over a 6‐week period using a well‐defined animal model. The Bone Harvest Chamber was implanted bilaterally in mature rabbits. After osseointegration of the chamber, the following treatments were given for 6 weeks each, followed by a harvest in each case: control‐no drug; oral rofecoxib (12.5 mg/day) for the first 2 of 6 weeks; washout period‐no drug; oral rofecoxib for the last 2 of 6 weeks; washout period‐no drug; rofecoxib given continuously for all 6 weeks. Harvested specimens were snap‐frozen, cut into serial 6‐μm sections, and stained with hematoxylin and eosin and alkaline phosphatase (osteoblast marker), and processed using immunohistochemistry to identify the vitronectin receptor (osteoclast‐like cells). Rofecoxib given continuously for 6 weeks yielded statistically less bone ingrowth compared to the control treatment. Rofecoxib given during the initial or final 2 weeks of a 6‐week treatment did not appear to interfere with bone ingrowth. This suggests that the effects of COX‐2 inhibitors on bone are less profound when the drug is administered for a short period of time. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 72A: 279–287, 2005
Cellular evaluation of oral chemotherapy carriers
Authors: Blanchette James , Peppas Nicholas A. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractHydrogel nanospheres composed of methacrylic acid and poly(ethylene glycol) were loaded with bleomycin and tested as a potential oral delivery system for chemotherapeutic agents. The gastrointestinal epithelium was modeled through the use of Caco‐2 monolayers for studies of permeation enhancement by the carriers as well as bleomycin transport. Bleomycin efficacy following release from the carrier was evaluated with a DLD‐1 tumor cell model. The nanospheres release bleomycin in response to a pH increase similar to that seen when passing from the stomach into the upper small intestine. These carriers can also increase the permeability of a model of the epithelial barrier, which would hopefully improve drug transport into the bloodstream. Efficacy studies using a tumor cell model showed retention of activity for bleomycin following loading and release from the nanospheres. The carriers described performed well during in vitro evaluation and can hopefully expand the spectrum of chemotherapeutic agents capable of being administered orally. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 72A: 381–388, 2005
Adherent apatite coating on titanium substrate using chemical deposition
Authors: Rohanizadeh R. , LeGeros R.Z. , Harsono M. , Bendavid A. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractPlasma‐sprayed “HA” coatings on commercial orthopedic and dental implants consist of mixtures of calcium phosphate phases, predominantly a crystalline calcium phosphate phase, hydroxyapatite (HA) and an amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) with varying HA/ACP ratios. Alternatives to the plasma‐spray method are being explored because of some of its disadvantages. The purpose of this study was to deposit an adherent apatite coating on titanium substrate using a two‐step method. First, titanium substrates were immersed in acidic solution of calcium phosphate resulting in the deposition of a monetite (CaHPO4) coating. Second, the monetite crystals were transformed to apatite by hydrolysis in NaOH solution. Composition and morphology of the initial and final coatings were identified using X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy, and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS). The final coating was porous and the apatite crystals were agglomerated and followed the outline of the large monetite crystals. EDS revealed the presence of calcium and phosphorous elements on the titanium substrate after removing the coating using tensile or scratching tests. The average tensile bond of the coating was 5.2 MPa and cohesion failures were observed more frequently than adhesion failures. The coating adhesion measured using scratch test with a 200‐μm‐radius stylus was 13.1N. Images from the scratch tracks demonstrated that the coating materials were squashed without fracturing inside and/or at the border of the tracks until the failure point of the coating. In conclusion, this study showed the potential of a chemical deposition method for depositing a coating consisting of either monetite or apatite. This method has the advantage of producing a coating with homogenous composition on even implants of complex geometry or porosity. This method involves low temperatures and, therefore, can allow the incorporation of growth factors or biogenic molecules. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 72A: 428–438, 2005