bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimization of sparse‐view CT reconstruction based on convolutional neural network
Authors: Lv Liangliang , Li Chang , Wei Wenjing , Sun Shuyi , Ren Xiaoxuan , Pan Xiaodong , Li Gongping 
Published: February 2025

AbstractBackgroundSparse‐view CT shortens scan time and reduces radiation dose but results in severe streak artifacts due to insufficient sampling data. Deep learning methods can now suppress these artifacts and improve image quality in sparse‐view CT reconstruction.PurposeThe quality of sparse‐view CT reconstructed images can still be improved. Additionally, the interpretability of deep learning‐based optimization methods for these reconstruction images is lacking, and the role of different network layers in artifact removal requires further study. Moreover, the optimization capability of these methods for reconstruction images from various sparse views needs enhancement. This study aims to improve the network's optimization ability for sparse‐view reconstructed images, enhance interpretability, and boost generalization by establishing multiple network structures and datasets.MethodsIn this paper, we developed a sparse‐view CT reconstruction images improvement network (SRII‐Net) based on U‐Net. We added a copy pathway in the network and designed a residual image output block to boost the network's performance. Multiple networks with different connectivity structures were established using SRII‐Net to analyze the contribution of each layer to artifact removal, improving the network's interpretability. Additionally, we created multiple datasets with reconstructed images of various sampling views to train and test the proposed network, investigating how these datasets from different sampling views affect the network's generalization ability.ResultsThe results show that the proposed method outperforms current networks, with significant improvements in metrics like PSNR and SSIM. Image optimization time is at the millisecond level. By comparing the performance of different network structures, we've identified the impact of various hierarchical structures. The image detail information learned by shallow layers and the high‐level abstract feature information learned by deep layers play a crucial role in optimizing sparse‐view CT reconstruction images. Training the network with multiple mixed datasets revealed that, under a certain amount of data, selecting the appropriate categories of sampling views and their corresponding samples can effectively enhance the network's optimization ability for reconstructing images with different sampling views.ConclusionsThe network in this paper effectively suppresses artifacts in reconstructed images with different sparse views, improving generalization. We have also created diverse network structures and datasets to deepen the understanding of artifact removal in deep learning networks, offering insights for noise reduction and image enhancement in other imaging methods.
In vitro and in vivo evaluation of the cyclophosphamide effect along with oncolytic Newcastle disease virus (NDV): An animal preclinical research
Authors: Foroughi‐Gilvaee Mohammad Reza , Jahandideh Alireza , Faranoush Mohammad , Nekouian Reza 
Published: February 2025

AbstractBackgroundBreast cancer is a major cause of mortality globally. Oncolytic virotherapy is a promising treatment modality that directly destroys cancer cells and induces an immune response against them. Among natural oncolytic viruses, Newcastle disease virus (NDV) has shown selective tumor cell infection.Materials and methodsIn this study, we investigated the efficacy of variable doses of NDV and cyclophosphamide on 4T1 cancer cell line and BALB/c mouse tumors for the first time.ResultsCompared with the control group, the combination treatment group with NDV and cyclophosphamide showed a significant increase in the expression levels of P21, P27, and P53 genes by 38%, 46%, and 81%, respectively (p < 0.05). In contrast, the expression levels of CD34, integrin α5, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) genes significantly decreased by 47%, 45%, 42%, and 23%, respectively (p < 0.05). The reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation assay evaluated with 2′,7′‐dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH‐DA) staining showed a significant increase in ROS levels within 4T1 cells treated with NDV compared with the untreated group after 24 h (p < 0.01). Furthermore, Annexin V/propidium iodide (PI) double staining analysis showed that the proportion of apoptotic cells in the NDV‐treated group decreased by 0.61% and 1.63% after 6 h and 12 h, respectively (p < 0.05). After 12 days, tumor volume in the NDV‐treated groups decreased by 72%−87% compared with a 48% increase in the control group, reflecting a net reduction in tumor volume relative to the control group (p < 0.001).ConclusionThese findings demonstrate that NDV in combination with chemotherapy drugs may be a promising therapeutic option for cancer patients. However, several other factors need to be considered. These results indicate that NDV may have potential effects on cancer treatment.
An Integrated 3D DEM Modeling Process for Bimrocks Considering Post‐Peak Behavior and Block Breakage
Authors: Li Kai , Lu Tianming , Zhu Minyi , Sun Shaorui , Wei Jihong , Huang Yu , Zheng Hu 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBimrocks, a complex rock mass commonly found in geotechnical engineering, are often analyzed through the discrete element method (DEM) to understand their mechanical behavior from both macro and micro perspectives. However, there is limited research addressing the post‐peak behavior of bimrocks, particularly in terms of the uniaxial compression stress–strain curve and failure characteristics, with many studies overlooking the complex nature of their post‐peak behavior. This study proposes a comprehensive method for constructing three‐dimensional (3D) numerical samples of bimrocks and selecting appropriate parameters, focusing on accurately capturing both the post‐peak curve shape and failure characteristics. By combining laboratory tests with CT scanning techniques, numerical samples with structures matching those of the physical samples are created, addressing the issue of block stone breakage in traditional discrete element simulations. The study introduces the selection criteria for matrix and block stone parameters and analyzes the microscopic factors influencing the post‐peak curve and failure characteristics. Results indicate that the damping coefficient and loading rate are crucial in shaping the post‐peak curve, with complex curves requiring multiple damping coefficients. Additionally, the radius multiplier influences crack propagation direction, while the strength ratio affects crack penetration and secondary cracking, with these factors being dependent on the matrix strength.
Prioritization Patterns of Nurses in the Management of a Patient With Delirium: Results of a Q‐Methodology Study
Authors: Sist Luisa , Pezzolati Matteo , Ugenti Nikita Valentina , Cedioli Silvia , Messina Rossella , Chiappinotto Stefania , Rucci Paola , Palese Alvisa 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTNurses are required to decide on priorities; however, how they prioritize the interventions toward patients with delirium is still unclear. Therefore, expanding the knowledge on (a) how nurses prioritize interventions to manage episodes of delirium and (b) the underlying prioritization patterns were the aims of this study. The Q‐methodology was applied in 2021. A systematic review to identify the recommended interventions for patients with delirium was performed, and a nominal group technique was used to select those interventions that are applicable in daily practice (35 out of 96 identified). Then, using a specific scenario, 56 clinical nurses working in hospital medical (n = 31), geriatric (n = 15), and postacute (n = 10) units were asked to order the 35 interventions (from −4 the lowest to +4 the highest priority) using a Q‐sort table. Averages (confidence interval at 95%) were calculated at the group level, and a by‐person factor analysis was applied to discover underlying patterns of prioritization at the overall and at the individual levels. At the group level, “Ensuring a safe environment (e.g., reducing bed height)” was ranked as the highest priority (2.29 out of four); at the individual level, three prioritization patterns accounting for a total variance of 50.21% have emerged: “Individual needs‐oriented” (33.82% variance explained; 41 nurses); “Prevention‐oriented” (8.47%; five nurses); and “Cognitive‐oriented” (7.92%; six nurses). At the group level, nurses prioritize safety while caring for patients with delirium; however, at the individual level, they follow three different patterns of prioritization oriented toward diverse aspects, suggesting uncertainty in the actions to be taken—with potential implications for patients.
Study of Gelatin Copolymer Hydrogel Based Polyaniline and Correlation Between Structure and Reactivity of Substituted Polyaniline Based Gelatin Solution as Gamma Radiation Dosimeters
Authors: Awad Boshra , Goda Heba , El‐Kelany Moushera , Khozemy Ehab E. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTPolyaniline and its derivatives based on polymer solution and hydrogels were prepared in situ to be used as colorimetric dosimeters using green nontoxic and cheap polymers as gamma radiation dosimeters. The prepared polymer hydrogel and solutions were characterized by their transparency and were highly applicable for gamma radiation dosimetry. Polymerization was carried out in two systems, based on gelatin solution, and (gelatin/acrylamide/polyvinyl alcohol) (G/PAm/PVA) hydrogel. Different dosimetric parameters, absorption spectra, response curves, sensitivity, G‐value, and relative stability were studied. The two systems showed remarkable colorimetric changes from blue to green and excellent color stability for a long period under different storage conditions of light and dark. The applicable dose range was from 0 up to 40 kGy and 0 up to 15 kGy for the solution and hydrogel system, respectively. Also, Hammett correlation between the structure of PANI and its p‐OCH3, p‐CH3, p‐OH, and p‐Cl derivatives using the time of radiation exposure instead of reaction rate was investigated through the (σ)‐log k/k0 plot. The linear plot with slope (ρ) equals to (+1.143) indicated that the sensitivity of (PANI) is enhanced by electron withdrawal substituents. The results obtained confirmed that protonation occurs, which decreases the density of the electrons on the nitrogen atom, facilitating its cleavage by radiation, and leading to fast degradation into lower molecular components.
Sustainable Bioplastics Production From Fish Waste: Their Extraction and Applications
Authors: Nazar Ajwa , Hussain Syed Makhdoom , Ali Shafaqat , Zahoor Ameer Fawad , Ghafoor Abdul , Alshehri Mohammed Ali , Naeem Adan , Naeem Eman , Amjad Muhammad , Rashid Eram 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTFish waste is becoming increasingly popular as an alternate origin of raw materials used for the production of sustainable bioplastics, with major economic and environmental benefits in various application areas, including food packaging and medicine. The problems with fish waste and the possibility of recycling these by‐products utilizing a circular economy approach have been fully explained. The latest innovations in the production of bioplastics from fish waste are discussed in this comprehensive review. The bioplastic industry encourages eco‐friendly ways to reduce pollution, plastic waste, and the use of fossil fuels. This review article summarizes that waste recycling has led to the evaluation of innovative products by chemical or biological techniques rather than releasing these waste products into the environment. As a result, recycling waste makes it more cost‐effective, environmentally beneficial, and healthful. Also, it uses bioplastics rather than plastic, lowering the use of petroleum‐derived products.
Visible‐Light‐Driven Photocatalytic Degradation of Amoxicillin Using FeMoO2/Chitosan/CdO Nanocomposite for Sustainable Water Treatment
Authors: Arul V. , Radhakrishnan K. , Kasthuri N. , Vadivu D. Senthil , Kumar J. Vinoth , Nivetha M. Sherlin , Mythili R. , Devanesan Sandhanasamy 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThis work focused on the photocatalytic degradation of amoxicillin using the recently developed FeMoO4/chitosan/CdO nanocomposite (FeMoO4/CS/CdO). The most typical antibiotic, amoxicillin, raises environmental threats due to its persistence in aquatic environments. Amoxicillin, extensively utilized as an antibiotic, has environmental concerns due to its existence in aquatic environments. The nanocomposite, comprising iron molybdate (FeMoO4), chitosan (CS), and cadmium oxide (CdO) nanoparticles, was synthesized to couple the distinct properties of each constituent, enhancing its overall functionality. FCC‐NC was characterized by the presence of clearly defined peaks in the infrared (IR) spectra, ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) spectra, and x‐ray diffraction (XRD) patterns. We studied the photocatalytic degradation of amoxicillin (AXM) using the FeMoO4/CS/CdO nanocomposite. Under ideal conditions (40 mg catalyst dosage and 10 mg/L initial AXM concentration), we achieved a degradation efficiency of roughly 90.8%, following pseudo‐first‐order kinetics with a rate constant of 0.0222 min−1. The immobilized FeMoO2/chitosan/CdO nanocomposite was more photocatalytically active than bare FeMoO2 because it exhibited less charge carrier recombination, according to EIS and PL analysis. Hence, the FeMoO4/chitosan/CdO nanocomposite has a vast opportunity in the long‐term mechanism of eradicating pharmaceutical pollutants in water. This study shows that the obtained results may be useful in the field of environmental cleanliness and water purification technologies.
Cervical Lymph Node Invasion in Pediatric Salivary Gland Malignancies: Clinical Overview and Therapeutic Implications
Authors: Richard Celine , Carton Matthieu , Hazkani Inbal , Couloigner Vincent , Sheyn Anthony , Rastatter Jeffrey , Haroun Linda , Helmig Sara , Houston Mary Beth , Helfre Sylvie , Thebault Eric , Andre Nicolas , Faure Conter Cecile , Teissier Natacha , Fresneau Brice , Orbach Daniel 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackground and AimsPediatric salivary gland malignancies (SGM) present challenges in managing cervical nodes. We aimed to characterize lymph node invasion to inform decisions regarding the need of systematic wide lymph node dissection (WLND).MethodsInternational retrospective study, conducted across seven large French and American pediatric centers, including pediatric patients (0–18 years) diagnosed with SGM from 2000 to 2020.ResultsAmong the 82 patients (median age 13 years), the parotid gland was frequently affected (60 cases). Histotypes comprised mucoepidermoid (mucoepidermoid carcinoma [MEC], 43 cases), acinic cells (acinic cells carcinoma [AcCC], 22 cases), adenoid cystic (adenoid cystic carcinoma [AdCC], 8 cases), (MASC, 6 cases), and adenocarcinoma (3 cases). Primary treatments were surgery (82 cases) and radiotherapy (20 cases; median dosage 64 gray). Cervical nodes therapy included WLND (≥2 levels, 29 cases), limited nodes resection (LNR; one level, 13 cases), and/or irradiation (4 cases; median 54 gray; range 52.0–63.0). At diagnosis, six patients had cervical node invasion (CNI) managed with LNR (four cases), WLND (two cases), and radiotherapy (three cases). After a median follow‐up of 6 years (range 1–22), nine patients had tumor event: local (four cases), cervical relapse/progression (three cases) or combined (two cases). Of the nine with CNI, at diagnosis or relapse, four had MASC. Five‐year event‐free and overall survival (OS) rates were, respectively, 90.1% and 98.8%.ConclusionsCNI is rare in pediatric SGM but noted in 11% of cases, with higher incidence in MASC. Overall, outcome in SGM is good with a tailored locoregional multidisciplinary approach. Systematic lymph node dissection should be reconsidered.SUMMARYThis international multi‐institutional study analyzed the clinical presentation and the cervical pattern of relapse of 82 pediatric patients with newly diagnosed salivary gland malignancies. Overall, nodal invasion was rare at diagnosis and only noted in 7%. In addition, 6% developed nodal relapse during follow‐up. Incidence of nodal spread was frequent in mammary analogue secretory carcinoma (MASC). The overall outcome was promising with a tailored locoregional multidisciplinary approach. Systematic lymph node dissection should be reconsidered in pediatric salivary gland tumors.
A model for effective conductivity of polymer nanocomposites containing MXene nanosheets
Authors: Hadi Zahra , Yeganeh Jafar Khademzadeh , Zare Yasser , Munir Muhammad Tajammal , Rhee Kyong Yop , Park Soo‐Jin 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThis paper introduces a groundbreaking model to evaluate the conductivity of nanocomposites comprising MXene nanosheets. The model simulates the effective conductivity considering MXene dimensions, MXene volume fraction, interphase thickness, percolation threshold, contact distance, and tunneling resistance. The model's predictions align well with empirical conductivity results obtained various laboratory samples. The scrutiny of elements impacting effective conductivity is affirmed, given the assumption of contact resistance and the operation of the MXene/interphase network. Slender MXene nanosheets and expansive contacts lead to an elevated level of effective conductivity. Moreover, the effective conductivity shows a direct correlation with the MXene loading, while a higher percolation onset produces a poorer conductivity. Based on the model's outputs, an insulative nanocomposite is identified via the thinnest interphase ( < 1 nm), the thickest MXene (t > 4 nm), the smallest MXene volume fraction ( < 0.01), and the lowest percentage of networked nanosheets ( < 0.05). Contrariwise, the most remarkable conductivity as 25.6 S/m is attained by the thinnest MXene nanosheets (t = 1 nm). In addition, the narrowest tunnels (tunneling distance of 1 nm) yield the uppermost effective conductivity of 6.2 S/m in the system.Highlights
This study proposes a model for conductivity of polymer MXene nanocomposites.
MXene size, interphase depth, contact distance, and tunneling resistance are considered.
The predictions agree with the experimental conductivity data of several samples.
A higher conductivity is obtained by the bigger contact area and thicker interphase.
The narrowest tunnels (1 nm) produce the uppermost effective conductivity of 6.2 S/m.
Trends in uptake of cancer screening among people with severe mental illness before and after the COVID‐19 pandemic in Japan: A repeated cross‐sectional study
Authors: Yamada Yuto , Fujiwara Masaki , Nakaya Naoki , Otsuki Koji , Shimazu Taichi , Fujimori Maiko , Hinotsu Shiro , Nagoshi Kiwamu , Uchitomi Yosuke , Inagaki Masatoshi 
Published: February 2025

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to investigate trends in cancer screening participation among people with severe mental illness (PSMI) from periods before and after the COVID‐19 pandemic.MethodsIn this repeated cross‐sectional study, we used anonymized datasets on municipal cancer screening participation among PSMI in Okayama City. The data covered fiscal year (FY) 2018 to FY2022; we used the municipal cancer screening database and Medical Payment for Services and Supports for Persons with Disabilities. PSMI were defined as those with schizophrenia or related psychotic disorders (F20–29) or bipolar disorder (F30 or F31), identified using International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, codes. The analysis included men and women aged 40–69 years for colorectal and lung cancer screening; men and women aged 50–69 years for gastric cancer screening; women aged 40–69 years for breast cancer screening; and women aged 20–69 years for cervical cancer screening. Municipal cancer screening rates among PSMI were calculated for each FY.ResultsFor all cancer types, cancer screening rates for PSMI in FY2020 (colorectal: 9.0%; lung: 11.6%; gastric: 4.9%; breast: 6.2%; and cervical: 6.1%) were lower than the rates in FY2019 (11.5%, 14.0%, 6.5%, 9.3%, and 8.3%, respectively). In FY2022, the rates (9.9%, 12.9%; 5.3%; 8.0%, and 6.9%, respectively) recovered, but remained low.ConclusionThis study showed that cancer screening rates among PSMI were very low, both before and after the COVID‐19 pandemic. Efforts to encourage participation in cancer screening in this population are urgently needed.
Effect of blown air temperature on morphology, phase structure and filtration efficiency of PVDF nanofibrous mats produced via electro‐blowing
Authors: Toptaş Ali , Çalışır Mehmet Durmuş , Tibatan Mehmet Ali 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThis study investigates the effects of temperature of pressurized blown air on fiber morphology, porosity, phase structure, and filtration performance of PVDF nanofibers produced via the electro‐blowing method for the first time. The blown air heated to 20, 40, 60, and 80°C was utilized during production. Increasing air temperature resulted in more homogeneous distribution of fibers and defect‐free fibrous mats, accompanied by a significant reduction in fiber diameter. A linear relationship between fiber diameter and pore size was observed; as fiber diameter decreased, reducing air permeability due to smaller pore sizes. FTIR measurements revealed the highest β‐phase content (82%) in the PVDF‐80C sample produced at 80°C. The rise in temperature lowered solution viscosity and surface tension, contributing to improved drawing effect and therefore higher β‐phase content in the PVDF polymer. Corona discharge treatment further enhanced the surface potential, with the finest fibers exhibiting the highest surface charge. The PVDF‐80C sample demonstrated the best performance during filtration tests against NaCl aerosols (PM0.3) at a flow rate of 95 L/min, achieving a filtration efficiency of 98.68% with a pressure drop of 153 Pa. These findings highlight the critical role of temperature in influencing nanofiber properties and filtration performance.Highlights
Finer fibers and defect‐free mats achieved with increased air temperature.
PVDF‐80C showed 82% β‐phase content, the highest among all samples.
Smaller fiber diameter led to reduced pore size and lower air permeability.
Corona discharge enhanced surface potential, boosting fiber charge.
PVDF‐80C achieved 98.68% filtration efficiency with 153 Pa pressure drop.
Current Trends and Future Prospects of Integrating Electrospinning With 3D Printing Techniques for Mimicking Bone Extracellular Matrix Scaffolds
Authors: Abdullah Kardo Khalid , Molnár Kolos 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThis article presents a review of the recent findings on the combination of electrospun nanofibers and three‐dimensional (3D)‐printed structures for extracellular matrix (ECM) scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. We explore the synergy between electrospinning (ES), which produces highly porous, fibrous structures from materials like collagen and gelatin, and 3D printing, which allow precise scaffold design using biopolymers. We discuss the selection of appropriate biopolymers based on their mechanical properties, biocompatibility, and biodegradability, as well as the key functions of ECM structures in cell attachment, migration, and differentiation. We analyze the strengths and limitations of each technique, noting that while ES enhances cellular adhesion and proliferation, it struggles with complex geometries and scalability. In contrast, 3D printing provides strong structural support but faces challenges with resolution and biomaterial compatibility. Our review focuses on the innovative integration of these methods, aiming to merge ES's microstructural precision with 3D printing's structural strength. We evaluate various hybrid combination methods, including sequential and coaxial techniques, and discuss potential solutions to challenges related to ECM scaffold quality, production time, and scalability. Furthermore, we highlight recent discoveries and propose future research directions to enhance further mimicking the ECM scaffold of bone.