bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The adult hair follicle: Cradle for pluripotent neural crest stem cells
Authors: Sieber‐Blum Maya , Grim Milos 
Published: July 2004

AbstractThis review focuses on the recent identification of two novel neural crest–derived cells in the adult mammalian hair follicle, pluripotent stem cells, and Merkel cells. Wnt1‐cre/R26R compound transgenic mice, which in the periphery express β‐galactosidase in a neural crest–specific manner, were used to trace neural crest cells. Neural crest cells invade the facial epidermis as early as embryonic day 9.5. Neural crest–derived cells are present along the entire extent of the whisker follicle. This includes the bulge area, an epidermal niche for keratinocyte stem cells, as well as the matrix at the base of the hair follicle. We have determined by in vitro clonal analysis that the bulge area of the adult whisker follicle contains pluripotent neural crest stem cells. In culture, β‐galactosidase–positive cells emigrate from bulge explants, identifying them as neural crest–derived cells. When these cells are resuspended and grown in clonal culture, they give rise to colonies that contain multiple differentiated cell types, including neurons, Schwann cells, smooth muscle cells, pigment cells, chondrocytes, and possibly other types of cells. This result provides evidence for the pluripotentiality of the clone‐forming cell. Serial cloning showed that bulge‐derived neural crest cells undergo self‐renewal, which identifies them as stem cells. Pluripotent neural crest cells are also localized in the back skin hair of adult mice. The bulge area of the whisker follicle is surrounded by numerous Merkel cells, which together with innervating nerve endings form slowly adapting mechanoreceptors that transduce steady skin indentation. Merkel cells express β‐galactosidase in double transgenic mice, which confirms their neural crest origin. Taken together, our data indicate that the epidermis of the adult hair follicle contains pluripotent neural crest stem cells, termed epidermal neural crest stem cells (eNCSCs), and one newly identified neural crest derivative, the Merkel cell. The intrinsic high degree of plasticity of eNCSCs and the fact that they are easily accessible in the skin make them attractive candidates for diverse autologous cell therapy strategies. Birth Defects Research (Part C) 72:162–172, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Combinatorial transcriptional interaction within the cardiac neural crest: A pair of HANDs in heart formation
Authors: Firulli Anthony B. , Conway Simon J. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractThe cardiac neural crest cells migrate from the rostral dorsal neural folds and populate the branchial arches, which contribute directly to the cardiac‐outflow structures. Although neural crest cell specification is associated with a number of morphogenic factors, little is understood about the mechanisms by which transcription factors actually implement the transcriptional programs that dictate cell migration and later the differentiation into the proper cell types within the great vessels and the heart. It is clear from genetic evidence that members of the paired box family and basic helix‐loop‐helix (bHLH) transcription factors from the twist family of proteins are expressed in and play an important function in cardiac neural crest specification and differentiation. Interestingly, both paired box and bHLH factors can function as dimers and, in the case of twist family bHLH factors, partner choice can clearly dictate a change in transcriptional program. The focus of this review is to consider what role the protein‐protein interactions of these transcription factors may play in determining cardiac neural crest specification and differentiation, and how genetic alteration of transcription factor stoichiometry within the cell may reflect more than a simple null event. Birth Defects Research (Part C) 72:151–161, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Resolution of (±)‐ibuprofen using (−)‐brucine as a chiral selector by thin layer chromatography
Authors: Bhushan R. , Gupta Deepak 
Published: July 2004

AbstractThe enantiomeric resolution of (±)‐ibuprofen into its enantiomers was achieved by TLC on silica gel plate using optically pure (−)‐brucine as a chiral selector and acetonitrile–methanol (5:1, v/v) as the solvent system. Spots were located in an iodine chamber. The detection limit was 4.9 µg. The effect of concentration of the chiral selector, temperature and pH on resolution has been studied. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Liberation social psychology: learning from Latin America
Authors: Burton Mark , Kagan Carolyn 
Published: July 2004

AbstractLiberation Social Psychology (la psicología social de la liberación, LSP) has developed amongst a body of psychologists in Latin America over the last decade. There has been no survey of the field in English, although some of the ideas are of relevance for those working with oppressed groups elsewhere in the world. This article explores the context in which LSP grew from the work of Ignacio Martín‐Baró and was developed by Maritza Montero, amongst others. Within LSP, key concepts emerge, including ‘conscientization’, ‘realismo‐crítico’, ‘de‐ideologization’, a social orientation, ‘the preferential option for the oppressed majorities’ and methodological eclecticism. The application of LSP is explored with reference to three domains. First, it is suggested that community social psychology as practised in some parts of Latin America reflects LSP in its emphasis on social transformation and participatory methods. Second, psycho‐social work with victims of state oppression, which adopts a highly social and societal orientation embodies LSP. Third, social analyses which explicitly adopt socio‐psychological‐political analyses of the social realities confronting countries in Latin America embrace, in different ways, principles and concepts of LSP. Some of the challenges facing LSP are discussed and open dialogue is encouraged between LSP and critical, community and applied social psychologists. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Acute and long‐term clinical and angiographic outcome after S‐Stent implantation: S‐Stent multicenter safety and efficacy trial
Authors: Chan Charles , Lim Yean‐Leng , Santoso Teguh , Tresukosol Damras , Lim Yean‐Teng , Sonoda Shinjo , Fitzgerald Peter 
Published: July 2004

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to demonstrate safety and effectiveness of the S‐Stent in de novo coronary lesions treated with conventional percutaneous coronary balloon angioplasty. Between January 2000 and June 2001, 120 patients were prospectively enrolled at four study centers. Patients were treated with coronary stenting in a total of 137 lesions. Procedural success was achieved in 100% of 137 attempted lesions. Clinical success was 99.8%. In‐hospital mortality was 0.8%; myocardial infarction occurred in 0.8% and stent thrombosis in 0.8%. After stent implantation, the minimal lumen diameter increased from 0.92 ± 0.43 to 2.74 ± 0.36 mm (P < 0.0001) and the percent diameter stenosis decreased from 68.0 ± 16.2 to 4.5 ± 12.0 (P < 0.0001). At 6‐month follow‐up, the percent diameter stenosis was 33.5 ± 21.3 and the angiographic restenosis rate was 16.5%. Target lesion revascularization was required in 12 patients (10.1%). We conclude that the use of S‐Stent for coronary intervention resulted in a high procedural success rate and low angiographic restenosis at 6 months after implantation. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2004;62:439–444. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of stents in reducing restenosis in small coronary arteries: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Vaitkus Paul T. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractThe ability of stents to reduce restenosis was established in larger coronary arteries. Clinical trials of stenting in smaller vessels have yielded conflicting results due in part to their sample sizes. The aim of this meta‐analysis was to increase the statistical power by pooling data from these clinical trials. Trials were identified from Medline search, review of recent cardiology meetings' abstracts, and manual review of bibliographies. Studies were included if they were prospective randomized controlled trials. Endpoints examined included a dichotomized definition of angiographic restenosis, target lesion revascularization (TLR), target vessel revascularization (TVR), or any repeat revascularization. Pooling of data was performed by calculating a Mantel‐Haenszel odds ratio (OR). The analysis included 2,598 patients enrolled in eight clinical trials. Stenting significantly reduced restenosis (OR = 0.62; 95% CI = 0.61–0.63). Concordantly, stenting reduced TLR (OR = 0.49), TVR (OR = 0.90), and any revascularization (OR = 0.48). This meta‐analysis supports the hypothesis that stenting reduces restenosis in small coronary arteries as well as in larger coronary arteries. The apparent discordant result of individual clinical trials was due in part to underpowering related to small sample sizes. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2004;62:425–429. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Current status of rotational atherectomy
Authors: Cavusoglu Erdal , Kini Annapoorna S. , Marmur Jonathan D. , Sharma Samin K. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractDespite the increasing use of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty and intracoronary stent placement for the treatment of obstructive coronary artery disease, a large subset of coronary lesions cannot be adequately treated with balloon angioplasty and/or intracoronary stenting alone. Such lesions are often heavily calcified or fibrotic and undilatable with the present balloon technology and attempts to treat them with balloon angioplasty or intracoronary stent placement often lead to vessel dissection or incomplete stent deployment with resultant adverse outcomes. Rotational atherectomy remains a useful niche device for the percutaneous treatment of such complex lesions, usually as an adjunct to subsequent balloon angioplasty and/or intracoronary stent placement. In contrast to balloon angioplasty or stent placement that widen the coronary lumen by displacing atherosclerotic plaque, rotational atherectomy removes plaque by ablating the atherosclerotic material, which is dispersed into the distal coronary circulation. Other lesion subtypes amenable to treatment with this modality include ostial and branch‐ostial lesions, chronic total occlusions, and in‐stent restenosis. This review discusses the technique and principles of rotational atherectomy, the various treatment strategies for its use (including adjunctive pharmacotherapy), the lesion‐specific applications for this device, and the complications unique to this modality. Recommendations are also made for its use in the current interventional era. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2004;62:485–498. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Combined fibrinolysis using reduced‐dose alteplase plus abciximab with immediate rescue angioplasty versus primary angioplasty with adjunct use of abciximab for the treatment of acute myocardial infarction: Asia‐Pacific Acute Myocardial Infarction Trial (APAMIT) pilot study
Authors: Wong Aaron , Mak Koon‐Hou , Chan Charles , Koh Tian‐Hai , Lau Kean‐Wah , Lim Tai‐Tian , Lim Soo‐Teik , Wong Philip , Sim Ling‐Ling , Lim Yean‐Teng , Tan Huay‐Cheem , Lim Yean‐Leng 
Published: July 2004

AbstractWe conducted a randomized feasibility pilot study comparing combined fibrinolysis with immediate rescue angioplasty vs. primary angioplasty with adjunctive abciximab in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Seventy patients with ST segment elevation AMI of ≤ 6 hr were randomized to either 50 mg of alteplase and abciximab (n = 34) or primary angioplasty with adjunctive abciximab (n = 36). Coronary angiography was performed at 60 min in the combined lytic group and TIMI 3 flow was present in 65% of patients as compared to 25% (P = 0.001) in the primary angioplasty group prior to intervention. Treatment success, defined as TIMI 3 flow, was achieved in 83% of patients in the primary angioplasty group (P = 0.075 compared to 65% in combined lytic group before rescue angioplasty). There was no difference in overall treatment success between primary angioplasty and combined lytic group with rescue angioplasty (83% vs. 94%; P = NS). Major adverse cardiac events at 1 month were not significant (15% vs. 11%; P = NS), but there was a trend toward more events in the combined lytic group at 6 months (32% vs. 14%; P = 0.066), particularly in target vessel revascularization. In this feasibility pilot study, high rate of TIMI 3 flow was attained in patients with AMI with both combined fibrinolysis and primary angioplasty with adjunctive abciximab. A larger randomized trial is currently ongoing to compare these two strategies. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2004;62:445–452. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Clinical outcomes of patent foramen ovale closure for paradoxical emboli without echocardiographic guidance
Authors: Varma Chetan , Benson Lee N. , Warr Matthew R. , Yeo Erik , Yip James , Jaigobin Cheryl S. , Webb Gary , McLaughlin Peter R. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractThe objective of this study was to determine the feasibility of device closure of patent foramen ovale (PFO) for presumed paradoxical emboli without echocardiographic guidance or balloon sizing and the clinical outcome after device closure. Closure of the PFO has been proposed as an alternative to anticoagulation in patients with presumed paradoxical emboli. At present, most centers perform device closure with transesophageal echocardiographic guidance and balloon sizing of the defect. Between May 1998 and April 2002, 92 consecutive patients underwent device closure for a PFO using fluoroscopic monitoring only. Procedural success and major complications were recorded. Follow‐up outcomes were recurrence rate and residual atrial shunting on transthoracic echocardiography. All patients (mean age, 45 ± 13 years; 52% male) had successful device deployment using either the CardioSeal (n = 78) and Amplatzer (n = 14) PFO occluders with no major complications. Mean procedure time and fluoroscopy time was 27 ± 13 and 6 ± 4 min, respectively. One patient had a residual shunt on echocardiography at 1 year. Cumulative event‐free survival for recurrence of paradoxical embolus at 1 year was 97.3% ± 1.8%. This study provides a basis for device closure of PFO becoming a safe, day‐case procedure, resulting in a low rate of residual shunting and recurrent thromboembolic events. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2004;62:519–525. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Noncardiac applications of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors
Authors: Almeda Francis Q. , Schaer Gary L. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractPlatelet activation and aggregation have become increasingly recognized as the primary processes involved in the cascade that leads to thrombus formation in atherosclerotic vascular disease. Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor inhibitors (GPI) favorably impact thrombus formation and distal embolization by inhibiting the final common pathway of platelet aggregation. Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors have been used effectively in a wide variety of clinical scenarios including unstable angina, non‐ST segment elevation myocardial infarction, ST segment elevation myocardial infarction, and low and high risk percutaneous coronary interventions with and without intracoronary stenting, however there is limited data regarding the use of these potent antiplatelet agents in the setting of extracardiac vascular disease. This article will review the non‐cardiac applications of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors in the setting of acute ischemic stroke, carotid and vertebral angioplasty and stenting, acute critical limb ischemia, and percutaneous interventions in peripheral arterial occlusive disease. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2004;62:530–538. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Percutaneous transcatheter retrieval of retained balloon catheter in distal tortuous coronary artery: A modified double‐helix approach
Authors: Hung Chung‐Lieh , Tsai Cheng‐Ting , Hou Charles Jia‐Yin 
Published: July 2004

AbstractThe rapid increase in the incidence of retained components in the coronary arteries during angioplasty raises the question of the optimal approach in these cases. Management extends from simply leaving the fragment behind to aggressive surgical removal. Increasingly, percutaneous approaches are being considered. A new percutaneous two‐guidewire helix method has been reported. We describe a case of successful retrieval of an angioplasty balloon using this approach. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2004;62:471–475. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A Phase II trial of gemcitabine for metastatic neuroendocrine tumors
Authors: Kulke Matthew H. , Kim Haesook , Clark Jeffrey W. , Enzinger Peter C. , Lynch Thomas J. , Morgan Jeffrey A. , Vincitore Michele , Michelini Ann , Fuchs Charles S. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDTreatment with traditional cytotoxic chemotherapy regimens containing streptozocin or dacarbazine has resulted in only marginal benefit for patients with metastatic neuroendocrine tumors. The use of these regimens has been further limited by their potential toxicity. Gemcitabine is generally well tolerated and possesses demonstrated activity against a wide range of malignancies. The authors assessed the efficacy of gemcitabine in the treatment of patients with metastatic neuroendocrine tumors.METHODSEighteen patients with metastatic neuroendocrine tumors were treated with gemcitabine administered on a standard weekly schedule. Patients were followed for evidence of toxicity, response, and survival.RESULTSGemcitabine was well tolerated. However, no radiologic or biochemical responses were observed. Although the majority of patients (65%) experienced disease stabilization as their best response to therapy, the overall median survival duration was only 11.5 months.CONCLUSIONSThe minimal activity of gemcitabine highlighted the need for novel treatment approaches. Cancer 2004. © 2004 American Cancer Society.
Bipolar cells of the mouse retina: A gene gun, morphological study
Authors: Pignatelli Vincenzo , Strettoi Enrica 
Published: July 2004

AbstractOne of the key elements concerning our understanding of the organization of the mouse retina is the complete classification of the various types of bipolar cells. With the present study, we tried to contribute to this important issue. Unfortunately, most of the antibodies that stain specifically bipolar cells in the retina of other mammals hardly work for the retina of the mouse. We succeeded in overcoming this limitation by using a relatively novel technique based on the gene gun transfer of fluorescent dyes to cells. Hence, we were able to stain a considerable number of bipolar cells that could be characterized according to morphological and comparative criteria. We also performed a complete morphometric analysis of a subset of bipolar cells stained by anti–neurokinin‐3 receptor antibodies. We found nine types of cone bipolar cells and one type of rod bipolar cell; these data are consistent with the findings of previous studies on the retinas of other mammals, such as rabbits, rats, and monkeys and with a recent study based on the mouse retina (Ghosh et al. [2004] J Comp Neurol 469:70–82). Our results also confirm the existence of a common structural similarity among mammalian retinas. It remains to be elucidated what is exactly the functional role of the various types of cone bipolar cells and what is the specific contribution they provide to the perception of a given visual stimulus. Most probably, each bipolar cell type constitutes a specialized channel for the computation of a selected component of the visual stimulus. More complex signal coding, involving the coordinated activity of various types of bipolar cells, could also be postulated, as it has been shown for ganglion cells (Meister [1996] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 93:609–614). J. Comp. Neurol. 476:254–266, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Morphogenesis and regionalization of the medaka embryonic brain
Authors: Kage Takahiro , Takeda Hiroyuki , Yasuda Takako , Maruyama Kouichi , Yamamoto Naoyuki , Yoshimoto Masami , Araki Kazuo , Inohaya Keiji , Okamoto Hiroyuki , Yasumasu Shigeki , Watanabe Kaori , Ito Hironobu , Ishikawa Yuji 
Published: July 2004

AbstractWe examined the morphogenesis and regionalization of the embryonic brain of an acanthopterygian teleost, medaka (Oryzias latipes), by in situ hybridization using 14 gene probes. We compared our results with previous studies in other vertebrates, particularly zebrafish, an ostariophysan teleost. During the early development of the medaka neural rod, three initial brain vesicles arose: the anterior brain vesicle, which later developed into the telencephalon and rostral diencephalon; the intermediate brain vesicle, which later developed into the caudal diencephalon, mesencephalon, and metencephalon; and the posterior brain vesicle, which later developed into the myelencephalon. In the late neural rod, the rostral brain bent ventrally and the axis of the brain had a marked curvature at the diencephalon. In the final stage of the neural rod, ventricles began to develop, transforming the neural rod into the neural tube. In situ hybridization revealed that the brain can be divided into three longitudinal zones (dorsal, intermediate, and ventral) and many transverse subdivisions, on the basis of molecular expression patterns. The telencephalon was subdivided into two transverse domains. Our results support the basic concept of neuromeric models, including the prosomeric model, which suggests the existence of a conserved organization of all vertebrate neural tubes. Our results also show that brain development in medaka differs from that reported in other vertebrates, including zebrafish, in gene‐expression patterns in the telencephalon, in brain vesicle formation, and in developmental speed. Developmental and genetic programs for brain development may be somewhat different even among teleosts. J. Comp. Neurol. 476:219–239, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Parallel bandwidth characteristics calculations for thin avalanche photodiodes on a SGI Origin 2000 supercomputer
Authors: Pan Yi , Ierotheou Constantinos S. , Hayat Majeed M. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractAn important factor for high‐speed optical communication is the availability of ultrafast and low‐noise photodetectors. Among the semiconductor photodetectors that are commonly used in today's long‐haul and metro‐area fiber‐optic systems, avalanche photodiodes (APDs) are often preferred over p‐i‐n photodiodes due to their internal gain, which significantly improves the receiver sensitivity and alleviates the need for optical pre‐amplification. Unfortunately, the random nature of the very process of carrier impact ionization, which generates the gain, is inherently noisy and results in fluctuations not only in the gain but also in the time response. Recently, a theory characterizing the autocorrelation function of APDs has been developed by us which incorporates the dead‐space effect, an effect that is very significant in thin, high‐performance APDs. The research extends the time‐domain analysis of the dead‐space multiplication model to compute the autocorrelation function of the APD impulse response. However, the computation requires a large amount of memory space and is very time consuming. In this research, we describe our experiences in parallelizing the code in MPI and OpenMP using CAPTools. Several array partitioning schemes and scheduling policies are implemented and tested. Our results show that the code is scalable up to 64 processors on a SGI Origin 2000 machine and has small average errors. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.