bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamics of the response of dark matter halo to galaxy evolution in IllustrisTNG
Authors: Velmani Premvijay , Paranjape Aseem 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We present the dynamical evolution of the dark matter's relaxation response to galaxies
and their connection to the astrophysical properties as simulated in the IllustrisTNG suite of
cosmological hydrodynamical simulations. Our results show that the radially-dependent linear
relaxation relation model from our previous work is applicable at least from redshift z=5. We
focus on the offset parameter q
0, which characterizes the relaxation of dark matter shells
without changing the enclosed mass. We perform multiple time-series analyses to determine the
possible causal connections between the relaxation mechanism and astrophysical processes such as
star formation and associated feedback processes, as well as feedback due to active galactic
nuclei. We show that star formation activity significantly influences the halo relaxation
response throughout its evolutionary history, with essentially immediate effects in the inner
haloes and delayed effects of 2 to 3 Gyr in the outer regions. Metal content shows a weaker
connection to relaxation than star formation rates, but the accumulated wind from feedback
processes exhibits a stronger correlation. These findings enhance our understanding of halo
relaxation mechanisms. Our estimates of the time-scales relevant for dark matter relaxation can
potentially improve the description of halo profiles in existing baryonification schemes and
semi-analytical galaxy formation models. Our results also show how the relaxation response of dark
haloes can probe the evolutionary history of the galaxies they host.
Quantum Cosmology and the Age of the Universe
Authors: Frauca Álvaro Mozota 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In this article I study how the problem of time of canonical approaches to quantum gravity affects the simple minisuperspace models used in quantum cosmology. I follow some authors who have argued that this issue makes the quantization of general relativity problematic to conclude that the same applies in the case of quantum cosmology. In particular, I argue that temporal structures are lost in quantization and that this is a problem, as they encode part of the empirical content of classical cosmology, such as the age of the universe.
Twin paradox in accelerated systems and the Equivalence Principle
Authors: Křížek Michal , Vavryčuk Václav 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We present arguments supported by several examples showing that the relativistic time dilation observed in frames affected by gravitational and non-gravitational forces are different being thus inconsistent with the Equivalence Principle. This inconsistency questions validity of the standard interpretations of the Equivalence Principle or of the twin paradox in accelerated frames.
Noncommutative Geometry and Spacetime: A Historical Reconstruction
Authors: Maresca Enrico 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Noncommutative geometry (NCG) is a branch of pure mathematics with a wide range of applications to spacetime physics. Stemming from the divergence problem in QFT, modern contributions conjecture that the fundamental structure of spacetime is noncommutative. This seemingly homogeneous picture is the result of almost a century of discontinuous interest in noncommutative spacetime (NCST). In this paper, I present a three-phase division of the development of NCST approaches. The initial phase (1930s–1950s) introduced noncommutativity as a means of addressing the divergence problem while maintaining Lorentz-invariance. The second phase (1950s–early 1990s) initially dismissed noncominutativity and focused on the pressing problem of localisation at high energies. In this context, independent alternative approaches to QG identified the value of a fundamental length scale, which ultimately contributed to a reconsideration of the conjecture of spacetime noncommutativity. This was despite the fact that it undermined the original operationalist methodology. Finally, a third phase (1990s–today) has seen a renewed interest in NCST. I argue that this resurgence can be attributed to the discovery of new mathematics in the 1980s. Furthermore, I demonstrate how the third phase builds upon and continues instances from the previous attempts, but redirects the research question. In light of this, I finally argue that the history of NCG in physics can be understood as an example of “interlaced convergence.” This instance of theory convergence may prove usefill as a case study for the more general problem of theory building in QG.
A Quantum Paradigm in Conscious Experience and Cognitive Process
Authors: Pala Kiran , Shalu S 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Classical mechanistic models of the mind often fail to capture the complex intricate interplay of human emotions and cognitive processes, particularly their interconnected and evolving nature. Recent advancements in quantum cognition suggest that thoughts and feelings may be influenced by principles analogous to those in quantum mechanics, such as superposition and entanglement. This paper examines the concept of emergence through destruction, a framework in which the collapse of potential emotional or cognitive states leads to the emergence of new attributes. The collapse of these states can be understood as an emergent phenomenon shaped by both intention and attention. In scenarios involving multiple potential mental states—whether in decision-making, perception, or thought—conscious focus serves as a selective way that transforms a superposition of possibilities into a single, actualized experience. This process, similar to the quantum observer effect, underscores that conscious attention is not a passive observation but an active force that shapes reality. Building on Bohm’s interpretation of active information, this collapse is seen as not merely a reduction of potential states but an informational process that channels possibilities into concrete forms. As one cognitive experience materializes, others recede into the background, yet this selection process simultaneously fosters the emergence of new properties or cognitive patterns. This dynamic mirrors the quantum measurement process, where observation reduces possibilities and enables new forms of emergence.
Topography, antisoiling and anticorrosion behavior of the superamphiphobic composite coating on 5083 aluminum alloy based on microarc oxidation
Authors: Yang Zhanhua , Lu Kecheng , Hao Chenggang , Xu Zebing , Zeng Rui , Luo Renhuan , Ran Zhaojin , Wang Yiting , Chen Zhiwu , Mo Ran , Wang Zhongmin 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The inadequate corrosion resistance of aluminum alloys significantly limits their widespread application, thereby necessitating research on enhancing their resistance to corrosion and contamination. Superamphiphobic coatings present a promising solution to mitigate this issue. In this study, spraying technology was employed in conjunction with MAO to create a superamphiphobic composite coating with exceptional corrosion resistance on the surface of 5083 aluminum alloy. The morphology, superamphiphobic characteristics, and corrosion resistance of the material were comprehensively assessed. The corrosion current density of the optimal superamphiphobic composite coating obtained via MAO followed by spraying with modified TiO2 nanoparticles (I
corr = 9.23 × 10−13 A·cm−2) was six and three orders of magnitude lower than that of 5083 aluminum alloy and the unmodified MAO coating, respectively. Furthermore, the coating exhibited a large capacitive arc diameter, enhanced charge-transfer resistance, and high |Z| value at a low frequency (0.01 Hz), signifying its excellent corrosion resistance. Additionally, the coating exhibited superamphiphobic properties with high contact angle (>150°) and low sliding angle (<10°), promoting nonwetting behavior toward various liquids with different surface tensions. This behavior can be attributed to the micro-nanostructure, which significantly enhances surface hydrophobicity and oleophobicity. Moreover, the coating demonstrated dynamic self-cleaning and antisoiling capabilities. These attributes underscored the ability of the coating to exhibit super-repellency, antisoiling performance, ultralow surface energy, and interfacial adhesion forces. Finally, the superamphiphobic composite coating demonstrated noteworthy thermal and chemical stabilities—as evaluated through heat, acid, and alkali resistance tests—thereby affirming its practical viability.
Development of corrosion-resistant hydrophobic Zn/ZnO composite coatings on steel substrates
Authors: Asghar Muhammad Sajid Ali , Hussain Umer , Ovais Muhammad , Khan Shaheer Ahmed , Aabid Abdul , Baig Muneer , Malik Mohammad Abdul 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The surface engineering technique evolved, making it easier to protect steel from harsh and corrosive environments. Corrosion is an enduring problem for steel that cannot be completely eliminated but can be reduced to the bare minimum. Traditional methods like galvanization and painting still exist, but hydrophobic coatings are efficient and mostly used to protect the steel from deterioration. In this work we have used nano composite hydrophobic coatings among Zn (galvanized), ZnO, and Zn/ZnO on steel samples to enhance efficiency and effectiveness in reducing corrosion rate. Electrodeposition techniques are used to incorporate the coating deposits. Spark emission spectroscopy and x-ray Fluorescence elemental analysis shows the composition of bare and galvanized steel. The x-ray Diffraction analysis (XRD) analysis proved that Zn/ZnO phases are present in coatings. The results of scratch test revealed that the bond strength increased in the hydro-Zn/ZnO-coated samples as compared to the Zn or Zn/ZnO-coated samples. Furthermore, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis revealed the formation of a new layer on the substrate’s surface, causing it to become rough and exhibiting growing nanostructure properties. The contact angle test proves the hydrophobic nature of composite coatings on the steel samples. The STA Zn/ZnO, coating shows the super hydrophobicity with the lowest corrosion rate, at 0.04 mm/area.
Risk aversion can promote cooperation
Authors: Armas Jay , Merbis Wout , Meylahn Janusz M , Rafiee Rad Soroush , del Razo Mauricio J 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Cooperative dynamics are central to our understanding of many phenomena in living and complex systems. However, we lack a universal mechanism to explain the emergence of cooperation. We present a novel framework for modelling social dilemma games with an arbitrary number of players by combining reaction networks, methods from quantum mechanics applied to stochastic complex systems, game theory and stochastic simulations of molecular reactions. Using this framework, we propose a novel and robust mechanism for cooperation based on risk aversion that leads to cooperative behaviour in population games. Rather than individuals seeking to maximise payouts in the long run, individuals seek to obtain a minimum set of resources with a given level of confidence and in a limited time span. We show that this mechanism can lead to the emergence of new equilibria in a range of social dilemma games.
A unique structure of bacteriophage T4 gene 32 protein with double-stranded DNA in low-salt conditions is distinguished by antibodies
Authors: Yasuda Mina , Pham Ngan Thi Kim , Hirakawa Yuki , Momma Keiko , Takita Teisuke , Tsuboi Makoto , Yasukawa Kiyoshi , Yoshimune Kazuaki 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Bacteriophage T4 gene 32 protein (gp32) preferentially binds to single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) to facilitate DNA replication but shows weak binding to double-stranded DNA (dsDNA). Polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies against gp32 were raised, and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to evaluate their reactivities against gp32. The reactivity of the monoclonal antibody MGP45 was diminished in the presence of 5 ng/mL dsDNA, suggesting a conformational change that reduces epitope availability. Notably, the same concentration of ssDNA had little effect; instead, 500 ng/mL ssDNA was required to elicit the same degree of inhibition. A decrease in MGP45 reactivity with gp32 was observed in the presence of NaCl at concentrations less than 100 m m under neutral conditions. These changes in antibody reactivity reflect differences in the gp32 conformation, which may underlie its different affinities for ssDNA and dsDNA.
Fire influence on land–water interactions in aridland catchments
Authors: Harms Tamara K , Lowman Heili , Blaszczak Joanna , Cale Ashley , Dong Xiaoli , Earl Stevan , Gaines-Sewell Leah , Grabow Julia , Hanan Erin , Lauck Marina , Melack John , Reinhold Ann Marie , Summers Betsy M , Webster Alex J , Grimm Nancy B 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Wildfires have increased in size, frequency, and intensity in arid regions of the western United States because of human activity, changing land use, and rising temperature. Fire can degrade water quality, reshape aquatic habitat, and increase the risk of high discharge and erosion. Drawing from patterns in montane dry forest, chaparral, and desert ecosystems, we developed a conceptual framework describing how interactions and feedbacks among material accumulation, combustion of fuels, and hydrologic transport influence the effects of fire on streams. Accumulation and flammability of fuels shift in opposition along gradients of aridity, influencing the materials available for transport. Hydrologic transport of combustion products and materials accumulated after fire can propagate the effects of fire to unburned stream–riparian corridors, and episodic precipitation characteristic of arid lands can cause lags, spatial heterogeneity, and feedbacks in response. Resolving uncertainty in fire effects on arid catchments will require monitoring across hydroclimatic gradients and episodic precipitation.
Orchard systems offer low-hanging fruit for low-carbon, biodiversity-friendly farming
Authors: Wyckhuys Kris A G , Abram Paul K , Barrios Edmundo , Cancino Jorge , Collatz Jana , Fancelli Marilene , Klein Alexandra-Maria , Lindell Catherine A , Osterman Julia , Pinto Maria , Tang Fiona H M , Tena Alejandro , Elkahky Maged 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
As core constituents of healthy diets, fruits are often cultivated in temporally stable and structurally complex ecosystems that harbor high levels of biodiversity. However, high-intensity orchard management can lessen the human and environmental health benefits of fruticulture. In the present article, we argue that increased emphasis on biological control could contribute to preventative management of fruit pests, weeds, and diseases, resulting in pesticide phasedown. Carefully calibrated orchard management can increase the provision of ecosystem services by above- and belowground biota, improve soil health, and store atmospheric carbon. When tactically integrated with agroecological measures, behavior-modifying chemicals, or digital tools, biological control helps to conserve pollinator or soil fauna, protect vertebrate communities, and improve vegetation restoration outcomes. Its implementation can, however, give rise to scientific and social challenges that will need to be explored. By resolving the adoption hurdles for biological control at scale, human society could enjoy the myriad benefits of nature-friendly fruit production.
Myocardial infarction due to non-bacterial thrombotic endocarditis in a patient with oligodendroglioma: an unusual presentation and diagnostic challenge—a case report
Authors: Miura Yuto , Kato Eri , Shiomi Hiroki , Horie Takahiro , Ono Koh 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Non-bacterial thrombotic endocarditis (NBTE) represents a manifestation of thrombotic endocarditis characterized by the formation of thrombus on the heart valve leaflet. While neurological events are the most frequent initial presentation of NBTE, myocardial infarction also stands out as a major clinical manifestation among NBTE patients.

Case summary
A 61-year-old female with no history of cardiovascular disease or episodes of chest pain suffered a left main trunk ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) after craniotomy for the treatment of oligodendroglioma. A comprehensive diagnostic workup, including coronary angiography, revealed no evidence of embolism. However, autopsy findings, in conjunction with cardiac ultrasound, contrast-enhanced computed tomography, and transoesophageal echocardiogram results, conclusively demonstrated that NBTE had obstructed the left main trunk of the coronary artery, leading to STEMI.

Discussion
Non-bacterial thrombotic endocarditis should be strongly considered in the differential diagnosis for patients presenting with acute cerebrovascular events or coronary ischaemia, especially in the presence of predisposing factors such as a history of malignancy, systemic inflammation, or embolic phenomena of indeterminate origin. This consideration is critical for the timely identification and management of NBTE, ultimately mitigating the risk of severe complications and optimizing patient outcomes.
Does exposure to zinc, methomyl and perfluorooctanoic acid alter feeding behaviour on MUG® in the freshwater amphipod Gammarus fossarum?
Authors: Mathiron A G E , Bertin L , Brosselin V , Delorme N , Duny M , Geffard O , Jubeaux G 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Feeding rate alteration is one of the first observed responses when animals are exposed to toxic stress and recognized as relevant tool for studying chemical compounds toxicity. However, food substrate that are currently used for ecotoxicity tests are not always easily available compared to referenced products. Using the European freshwater amphipod Gammarus fossarum, we here proposed for ecotoxicity tests a standardized food substrate fabricated with referenced ingredients: the MUG® (Meal Unit for Gammarid). To investigate the suitability of using MUG® to study behavioural response of amphipods to toxic stress, we explored in laboratory-controlled conditions whether three chemical compounds belonging to different families of contaminants (zinc (Zn): metal; methomyl (MT): insecticide; perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA): Per-/poly-fluoroalkyl substance (PFAS)) could affect gammarids feeding rates on MUG®. First, we explored the effects of 7-day exposure to different concentrations of each contaminant alone. While PFOA did not affect feeding rate, zinc induced feeding behaviour on MUG® at lower concentration but inhibited food consumption at higher ones, whereas methomyl decreased feeding rate with increased concentration. Then, we explored effects when gammarids were exposed during 7 days to mixtures of molecules in pairs. No effect of mixtures was observed on MUG® consumption compared to control group. Observed effects of binary mixtures were also compared to predicted values based on additive effects of contaminants. Both Zn/MT and Zn/PFOA mixtures inhibited feeding behaviour compared to predictions, resulting in feeding rate values similar to control ones. Overall, our study supports that MUG® represent a promising standardized food substrate for evaluating substances effects on amphipods behaviour during laboratory ecotoxicological bioassays.
Critical review of chronic toxicity testing approaches with the saltwater mysid (Americamysis bahia) used in pesticide registration
Authors: Fleming Margaret , Staveley Jane , Samel Alan , Aufderheide John , Blickley T Michelle , Bone Audrey , Bruns Eric , Catron Tara , Edwards Daniel , Gallagher Sean , Habekost Maike , Habig Cliff , Henry Kevin , Jones Alan , Kraetzig Gwendolin , Long Shari , Lopez-Mancisidor Patricia , Marini Joseph , Milligan Amanda , Olson Adric , O’Neill Bridget F , Peterson Eric , Sayers Lee , Schneider Suzanne , Stump Katie , Taylor Seamus , Valenti Theodore 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) has a conditional requirement for a chronic toxicity test with mysids (Americamysis bahia) for registration of pesticide products. Achieving performance acceptability criteria in control treatments for this study can be challenging because the current draft test guideline, which was published in 1996 under USEPA Office of Prevention, Pesticides, and Toxic Substances (OPPTS) 850.1350, Mysid Chronic Toxicity Test, provides limited information on study design and conduct. This critical review was undertaken to 1) identify areas of inconsistency in acceptability criteria between the 1996 draft OPPTS test guideline and ASTM International test guidance, 2) highlight areas that require additional clarification, 3) discuss areas that are impractical or have uncertain scientific relevance regarding the objectives of the test, and 4) provide recommendations for revision of the draft OPPTS test guideline. To achieve this, 116 final study reports from chronic mysid toxicity tests conducted over approximately the past 30 years were collected. From these reports, survival, growth, and reproduction data from negative and solvent control groups were compiled. Through investigation of trends in the data, it became apparent that no-observed-effect-concentrations (NOECs) were most commonly based on reproductive endpoints, followed by adult growth endpoints and adult survival. Notably, less than 1% of studies had a NOEC based solely on a second-generation measurement endpoint. Analysis of this comprehensive data set provided clarity on the establishment of acceptability criteria for the study and elements of the testing procedure that can be streamlined without loss of critical information, which resulted in a set of recommendations to improve future versions of the chronic mysid toxicity test guideline.
The evolution of herbivory, not terrestrialisation, drove morphological change in the mandibles of Palaeozoic tetrapods
Authors: Berks Harry O , Milla Carmona Pablo S , Donoghue Philip C J , Rayfield Emily J 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The radiation of tetrapods during the Devonian and Early Carboniferous was associated with a transition from aquatic to terrestrial environments, with attendant changes in feeding ecology. Despite this, evidence suggests that feeding morphology remained relatively static throughout this transition, until morphological disparity eventually rose later in the Carboniferous and Permian. Using a theoretical morphospace and functional optimality approach, we characterize the functional evolution of tetrapod mandibles, finding an antagonistic relationship between the strength, rotational efficiency, mechanical advantage and height of jaw morphologies. We further show that the regions of morphospace occupied by the jaws of aquatic and faunivorous terrestrial tetrapods are optimised within this trade-off. As terrestrial herbivores radiated, they explored broader regions of jaw morphospace characterised by deeper, stronger jaw shapes, driving the delayed spike in jaw disparity. We interpret this as a release of functional constraint on the jaw morphology by the evolution of herbivory, with new functional demands driving evolutionary innovation. While feeding in aquatic and terrestrial environments is fundamentally different, the criteria for functional optimality in the lower jaw did not change across this transition. Instead, access to terrestrial plant-based diets drove mandibular change.