bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Annulated lamellae in the ductus epididymidis of fetal and castrated adult rats
Authors: Van De Velde Robert L. , Van De Velde Sharon C. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractA consistent feature of epithelial cells lining the initial segment of the ductus epididymidis of rats bilaterally castrated for about three months is the presence of stacks of annulated lamellae. They were occasionally observed by two months following gonadectomy but were not evident in one‐month castrates nor in normal controls or unilaterally orchiectomized rats.Observation of epididymides from neonatal and fetal rats taken at daily intervals between the twelfth and twenty‐first day following conception demonstrated that small and inconspicuous annulated lamellae occurred normally during differentiation. They were observed on several occasions in widely scattered cells during the fifteenth day of gestation.In the epididymis, annulated membranes may form from the outer nuclear membrane by a process of budding. The annulated membrane complex is “destroyed” in long term castrates following the subcutaneous injection of testosterone proprionate.
Capillary endothelial fenestrations in the lamina propria of the guinea pig tongue
Authors: Takada Mitsuya , Gore Ira 
Published: February 2005

AbstractFenestrations of the capillary endothelium have been observed in the lamina propria of the guinea pig tongue. They measure about 600 Å in diameter and are closed by a diaphragm. The diaphragm is thinner and less electron‐dense than the endothelial cell plasma membrane, and occasionally displays a central thickening, “knob” or “a dense ring‐like structure.” Similar fenestrations are sometimes observed in the walls of endothelial vesicles as well.
Phosphotungstic acid staining of the organ of corti for electron microscopy
Authors: Nakai Yoshiaki , Hilding David A. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractPhosphotungstic acid (PTA) 1% in absolute alcohol was used, according to Bloom and Aghajanian's ('66) method, during the final dehydration stage of glutaraldehyde‐fixed cochlear specimens which were processed for electron microscopic study without osmium treatment. Familiar structures emerged with additional characteristics. PTA stained supporting elements. Synaptic areas were emphasized and the synaptic bar of hair cells opposite afferent endings was densely stained. Dark clumps were found near the synaptic surface of efferent nerve endings that seemed to correspond to the material sometimes seen between vesicles near the synaptic cleft. A dense layer was present in hair cells opposite efferent terminals between the outer layer of the double membrane and the synaptic membrane. Formations resembling synapses between the nerve endings of outer hair cells were emphasized by PTA staining, but were difficult to find because of their rarity. It seems unlikely that synaptic interaction between cochlear nerve endings is vital in the basic physiology of hearing.PTA staining permits recognition of cochlear nerve ending type independent of hair cell features which will make it a useful aid for the study of the development of the inner ear and of pathological ear conditions.
A relationship between ovarian and genital tract eosinophilic granulated cells
Authors: Brown Joan E. , Nellor J. E. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractEstrogen secretion by the ovary, as estimated by changes in genital tract tissues, can be directly correlated with the appearance of eosinophilic granulated cells within the ovarian tissues. Ovarian eosinophilia and development of the genital tract of the gilt are prominent from the eleventh to fifteenth days of the estrous cycle, between the twenty‐fourth and forty‐fourth, and after the eighty‐sixth days of pregnancy. It is suggested that the appearance of eosinophilic granulated cells in ovarian tissues is a direct effect of ovarian estrogens, as is the appearance of genital tract eosinophilic granulated cells subsequent to estrogen release from the ovaries. The appearance of eosinophilic granulated cells in ovarian tissues provides a means whereby the portion of the ovary involved in estrogen secretion can be identified. Eosinophilic granulated cells were observed in thecal layers of secondary, tertiary and atretic follicles and in the connective tissues surrounding and penetrating recently formed corpora lutea. Ovarian eosinophilic granulated cells are not of immediate blood origin, but arise from undifferentiated mesenchymal cells. In the process of accumulation of eosinophilic granules and modification of nuclear chromatin to bi‐ or multinucleated forms, cellular death occurs and the granules and chromatin particles are released in the tissues.
Effects of gonadectomy and hypophysectomy on the pineal body in the mouse: A quantitative morphological study
Authors: Ito Takashi , Matsushima Shoji 
Published: February 2005

AbstractA quantitative morphological study was made to assess the effects of gonadectomy and hypophysectomy on the pineal in the mouse. Gonadectomy caused a slight increase in the pineal volume whereas hypophysectomy induced a marked decrease. The increase in pineal volume after gonadectomy was associated primarily with slight enlargement of pineal cells in the peripheral area of the gland, and the larger decrease in pineal volume after hypophysectomy correlated with marked atrophy of pineal cells throughout the entire gland.
Nerve cells in the extracranial portion of the hypoglossal nerve in human fetuses
Authors: Woźniak Witold , Young Paul A. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe hypoglossal nerve with its communicating branches between the hypoglossal canal and its terminal rami was removed in toto from 11 human fetuses varying from 63 to 342 mm C.R. length. Serial sections were stained with luxol fast blue or impregnated with silver nitrate or protargol according to Bodian's method. The total number of nerve cells varied from 10 to 82 on the right side and from 6 to 60 on the left. Morphologically these cells resembled the cells in the inferior ganglion of the vagus nerve and they were always observed within the communicating rami between this ganglion and the hypoglossal nerve. The possibility of migration of these cells from the inferior ganglion of the vagus to the hypoglossal nerve and their relationship to the proprioceptive innervation of the tongue are discussed.
Histochemical observation on phosphatase activities of degenerating and regenerating taste buds
Authors: Iwayama Takashi , Nada Osami 
Published: February 2005

AbstractUsing rat's circumvallate papillae, ATPase, alk. Pase and acid Pase of taste buds were observed after the transection of the glossopharyngeal nerve.The taste buds began to disappear after the nerve was cut and were completely lost after ten days. Following the regeneration of the glossopharyngeal nerve, taste buds reappeared from the bottom of the gutters of circumvallate papillae about 25 days after the operation.ATPase was strongly present on the cell membrane of taste bud cells as far as they existed during degeneration and regeneration. Alk. Pase, which is normally localized on the superficial layers of the epithelium overlying the gutters of circumvallate papilla, gradually diminished as the taste buds degenerated and reappeared as the taste buds regenerated; that is, the activity began to diminish three days after the operation, became feeble after ten days and reappeared after 25 days. It is concluded that taste bud cells secrete alk. Pase in the gutters of circumvallate papillae. Acid Pase activity, usually found in the supranuclear portion of taste bud cells, was intensely reactive during degeneration but did not reappear at the early stage of regeneration of taste bud cells.
Endosteal deposition of bone at the midshaft of the second metacarpals of adolescent females
Authors: Johnston Francis E. , Watts Elizabeth Smithgall 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe endosteal and periosteal diameters of the second metacarpal were measured at the midshaft on radiographs of 62 normal girls at 11.0 ± 0.5 years (pre‐menarche) and again at 16.0 × 0.5 (post‐menarche). There was an average increase in the periosteal diameter of 10% and an average decrease in the endosteal diameter of 16%, both changes significant at p < 0.01. Individual variability was greater for the endosteal than the periosteal surface changes (p < 0.01).
Changes in the fine structure of satellite cells surrounding chromatolytic neurons
Authors: Dixon John S. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe fine structure of satellite cells surrounding neurons in the superior cervical ganglia of the rabbit is described. These observations form a basis for the interpretation of fine structural changes which occur in the satellite cells after post‐ganglionic section. Early changes consist of an increased number of micropinocytotic vesicles indicating an enhanced uptake of extracellular materials. The mitochondria increase in length and lie close to the plasma membranes, reflecting the increased energy requirement of these cells. Many develop intramitochondrial granules which may be concerned with the transport of water or ions. Later, at the height of chromatolysis, the satellite cells increase their quantity of granular reticulum and many possess agranular sub‐surface cisternae whose function may be to direct material synthesised in the satellite cells to the nerve cell surface. Individual layers of satellite cell cytoplasm may slide over one another to accommodate the increased size of the neurons during chromatolysis. The satellite cell processes appear thickened and contain large numbers of fine filaments which may be formed by the breakdown of microtubules.
Ovarian activity in the intact or hypophysectomized pregnant mouse
Authors: Choudary Jasti B. , Greenwald Gilbert S. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractVarious parameters of ovarian activity were determined for the intact or hypophysectomized pregnant mouse, as a baseline to establish the nature of luteotropic hormones in this species.Seventeen per cent of White Swiss mice with a vaginal plug were not pregnant at subsequent stages of gestation. The greatest number of failures occurred between days 12 and 15 of pregnancy, coinciding with the temporary absence of antral follicles and regressive changes in the vaginal epithelium. This suggests that there is a period of transient hormonal imbalance before full placental function is established, which is responsible at this time for the peak in embryonic mortality.Two periods of luteal growth were apparent between days 1 and 4 and 10 to 14 of pregnancy. The first histologic evidence of luteal regression occurred at day 16, correlating with renewed squamous cell proliferation of the vaginal mucosa.There were no significant differences in the number of ova shed on day 1 of pregnancy (11.0 ∓ 0.5 ova) and the subsequent number of embryonic swellings at any stage. Gestation in intact pregnant mice lasted 18 days (n = 2) or 19 days (n = 36). The number of young counted late on day 1 post partum (9.1 ± 0.5) was significantly less than the number of embryonic swellings as a result of maternal cannibalism.Hypophysectomy on day 1 of pregnancy led to rapid histologic degeneration of the corpus luteum. In this feature, the mouse resembled the hamster rather than the rat. Day 10 of pregnancy represented the earliest time at which, at least in some animals the pituitary could be removed and pregnancy continue. Following hypophysectomy from day 11 on, luteal activity, continuation of pregnancy, fetal and placental weight and vaginal histology were comparable to intact, pregnant mice. This is similar to the hypophysectomized rat in the latter half of pregnancy but differs from the situation in the hamster.On the basis of the present findings and results in the following paper, it appears likely that the mouse placenta, in addition to secreting a prolactin‐like hormone, also produces other gonadotropins.
Fine structure of canine Kupffer cells and their microtubule‐containing cytosomes
Authors: Boler R. Keith 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe ultrastructure of Kupffer cells of canine liver has been studied and described. Kupffer cell nuclei were elongated and irregular in shape having a prominent double nuclear envelope containing scattered ribosomes on the outer membrane. Mitochondria were small, relatively scarce, and contained few mitochondrial granules. Elements of endoplasmic reticulum were scarce and highly irregular in form. In general, the cytoplasm was less dense than hepatocytes and contained fewer organelles which were less compactly arranged than in hepatocytes. Microbodies were not observed in any of the Kupffer cells studied. The cytoplasm contained various numbers of large phagosomes but consistently contained numerous dense cytosomes of various sizes. The most striking finding was that many cytosomes and phagosomes contained large numbers of short microtubules approximately 350 Å in diameter which were arranged in clusters and were associated with membanes.
The fine structure of rabbit platelets fixed in acetaldehyde
Authors: Gardner H. Allen , Simon Gérard , Silver Malcolm D. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe morphology of platelets fixed in acetaldehyde and postfixed in osmium tetroxide was compared with that of platelets fixed in glutaraldehyde followed by osmium tetroxide. Many platelets became rounded after acetaldhyde fixation. Membranes, granules and mitochondria were well preserved and cytoplasmic microfilaments became apparent. Very dense granules were obvious after acetaldehyde fixation alone and after acetaldehyde/glutaraldehyde/osmium tetroxide triple fixation, but not after acetaldehyde/osmium tetroxide double fixation. Microtubules were never seen. Intracytoplasmic vacuoles assumed exaggerated prominence. The authors relate the alterations in the vacuolar system and changes in platelet shape to a loss of cytoplasmic microtubules. They suggest that the changes are induced, in part by the low temperature of fixation, and in part by the weak fixative action of the aldehyde.
The globule leucocyte in the intestinal mucosa of the cat: A histochemical, light and electron microscopic study
Authors: Takeuchi Akio , Jervis Helen Roland , Sprinz Helmuth 
Published: February 2005

AbstractGlobule leucocytes (GL) first noted by Weill ('19) in the intestinal tract of certain mammals, have been described, since, in many species. The classification and function of these cells, however, is still under discussion. We have studied GL in the cat using histochemistry at light and electron microscopic levels. In this species, GL are concentrated in the intestinal mucosa; they are found less frequently in the gallbladder and only rarely in other organs. GL are usually located between the epithelial cells of the gut, seldom in the underlying lamina propria. They appear to be migratory cells of mesenchymal origin, representing an independent cell population. GL are characterized by large eosinophilic globules in their cytoplasm. The globules contain strongly basic proteins associated with phospholipids and neutral mucosubstances which, in the colon, are encased in a capsule of sulfated mucosubstances. At the ultrastructural level the typical globules consist of a dense, homogeneous matrix enclosed by a single membrane; they show, however, great variation in their morphologic appearance, reflecting, possibly, different stages in the process of accretion and utilization of their content.
Electron microscope observations on the shell gland mucosa of calcium‐deficient hens (Gallus domesticus)
Authors: Nevalainen Timo J. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractCalcium‐deprivation of three weeks duration causes marked degenerative changes in the shell gland mucosa of the laying hen. The height of the columnar epithelium decreases, but the secretory granules in the columnar epithelial cells and the cilia on the apical cells of the columnar epithelium are preserved. The tubular glands decrease in size and number. The microvilli surrounding the tubular gland lumen disappear. The cytoplasm of the tubular gland cell contains autophagic vacuoles (cytolysomes) and large pigment accumulations, presumably lipofuscin. The changes are due to dietary calcium deficiency, apparently mediated by decreased sex steroid secretion and decreased stimulation of the oviduct. These changes are totally reversible, since the fine structure of the shell gland mucosa of calcium‐deprived hens returned to a normal laying diet does not show any signs of degeneration and is identical with the fine structure of the shell gland mucosa of the laying control birds.
The ultrastructure of sympathetic ganglia of the lizard Cnemidophorus neomexicanus
Authors: Colborn Gene L. , Adamo Norma Jean 
Published: February 2005

AbstractSympathetic ganglia of six Cnemidophorus neomexicanus lizards were fixed by immersion with glutaraldehyde or a combination of glutaraldehyde and paraformaldehyde. All ganglia were post‐fixed in 1% osmium tetroxide and embedded in Epon.Neuronal somata and processes of stellate ganglia were ensheathed typically by capsular cell cytoplasm and membranes; however, parts of some processes were invested only by basement membrane. Axo‐somatic, axo‐dendritic and axo‐axonal synapses were observed. Pre‐ and post‐synaptic processes contained 200 Å neurotubules, 100 Å neurofilaments, 225–500 Å presumptive glycogen granules and occasional multivesicular bodies. Presynaptic endings contained 500–700 Å “clear” vesicles and a few dense‐cored vesicles of 600–1100 Å.Aggregates composed of 225–500 Å granules, presumably glycogen, were frequently found in peripheral perikaryal positions in intimate association with lipid droplets. Clusters of particles within somata were also found which resembled ribosomes but were not associated with endoplasmic reticulum or vesicular membranous elements. These clusters, perhaps “areticular Nissl substance,” were associated in some instances with fibrillar material or lattice‐like granular structures. Abundant and frequently large lipid droplets were observed in proximity to the ribosomal‐like particulate material.
The cilium on mammalian vestibular hair cells
Authors: Hamilton David W. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe mammalian vestibular cilium is described. It is shown to be comprised of nine dense outer fibers and an intermittent central density; this stands in contradistinction to vestibular cilia of non‐mammalian species that have been shown to be comprised of nine outer doublet tubules surrounding two central tubules. The possible functional meaning of these observations is discussed.
Maintenance of gestation in hypophysectomized rats with highly purified pituitary hormones
Authors: Ahmad N. , Lyons W. R. , Papkoff H. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractPregnancy was maintained in Long‐Evans rats hypophysectomized on day 1 and injected with ovine pituitary gonadotrophins from day 1 through day 11; and also in rats hypophysectomized on day 6 and injected from day 6 through day 11. For successful maintenance until term, no further injections were necessary after day 11. The combination of hormones considered close to optimal was; mammotrophin 2.5 mg; follicle‐stimulating hormone 25 μg; and interstitial cell‐stimulating hormone 5 μg injected daily, subcutaneously. Histological examination of ovaries after this regimen (on day 12) revealed interstitial and luteal tissue that was considered normal for this stage; and follicles that were in some cases larger than expected and occasionally with theca luteinization. The ovaries of the rats allowed to go to term and untreated after day 11 showed follicular and interstitial tissue that had regressed and well‐stimulated corpora lutea. These findings showed no evidence of placental FSH or ICSH‐like hormones; but confirmed earlier reports of a rat placental luteotrophic hormone.
The occurrence of tubular intramitochondrial inclusions in the post‐mortem zona fasciculata of the rat adrenal
Authors: Dietert Scott E. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractAdult male albino rats are decapitated and the mitochondria in one adrenal gland are examined at increasing post‐mortem time intervals in the electron microscope. The contralateral adrenal gland is excised rapidly, immersed in aldehyde fixative, diced, and used as the control. As early as 15 minutes postmortem, tightly packed sheaves of tubules (each tubule measuring 140 AR in outside diameter) appear as inclusions in the matrix of mitochondria within the zona fasciculata. These inclusions occur in increasing numbers of mitochondria during the first hour postmortem, until 10‐25% of the mitochondria examined contain at least one sheaf of tubules. Observations at two and three hours post‐mortem reveal no significant increase in inclusion‐containing mitochondria. At these late time intervals additional post‐mortem alterations are evident: (1) a decrease in mitochondrial matrix density; (2) swelling of mitochondrial cristae; and (3) vesiculation of the smooth reticulum. Kjaerheim ('67), Wheatley ('68), and Magalhaes and Magalhaes ('68) have described tubular inclusions in the matrix of “normal” rat adrenal mitochondria which are identical to the post‐mortem inclusions described in this study. The presence of such inclusions in control mitochondria has been observed by the author on one occasion: within a degenerate mitochondrion enclosed inside a cytoplasmic membrane‐limited vacuole. The possible significance of this post‐mortem mitochondrial alteration in the rat adrenal cortex is discussed.
The fine structure of endothelial cells of toad arteries
Authors: Piezzi Ramón S. , Santolaya Ricardo C. , Bertini Francisco 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe vascular endothelia of the aortic, iliac and kidney arteries of the toad Bufo arenarumH. and the frog Leptodactylus chaquensis were studied with the electron microscope. The shape and size of the endothelial cells appear to depend upon whether the internal elastic membrane is stretched or contracted. These cells present the following characteristics: (1) an elongated and folded nucleus, (2) large bundles of oriented filaments, (3) acid phosphatase‐positive micropinocytotic vesicles, (4) small, dense, spherical granules surrounded by a single membrane. These cytoplasmic granules, also studied by histochemical techniques, are of unknown nature and function.
Changes in coronary arteries of mice fed a high‐fat, low‐protein diet followed by a normal diet
Authors: Ashburn Allen D. , Smith‐Vaniz George T. , Wilson Jack L. , Lane Williams W. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractFemale mice of a Swiss albino stock were fed a high‐fat, low‐protein, hypolipotropic diet which produces rapid cardiovascular lesions in this stock of mice. Half of the animals were killed after 45 days and the others were placed back on a diet of normal laboratory chow and killed after one, two and three weeks of refeeding.In animals killed after receiving the experimental diet for 45 days small, focal deposits of hyalin in media of large coronary arteries of the right ventricle was the major change.During the first week of recovery (fed a normal diet) the incidence and severity of arterial lesions increased and within individual hearts arteries of all sizes and in both atria and both ventricles were involved. Following hyalinization an acute arteritis developed that involved all layers of the arterial wall and extended into the perivascular space.After two and three weeks recovery the coronary arteries were characterized by a periarterial fibrosis and by a decrease or absence of the leucocytic reaction. A subendothelial hyperplasia of smooth muscle, arranged longitudinally, was accompanied by an increase in reticular and collagenous fibers. Circular smooth muscle in the media was also hyperplastic.