bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dual Polymerized Y‐Acceptors of Distinct‐Dimensionality Create Neuron‐Like Interpenetrating Hierarchical Network towards Efficient and Stable All‐Polymer Solar Cells
Authors: Ji Jingjing , Wu Zhiyuan , Xie Jiaqi , Wang Weiyi , Qian Hui , Liang Ziqi 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAll‐polymer solar cells have garnered particular attention thanks to their superior thermal, photo, and mechanical stabilities for large‐scale manufacturing, yet the performance enhancement remains largely restrained by inherent morphological challenges of the bulk‐heterojunction active layer. Herein, a 3D Y‐branched polymerized small‐molecule acceptor named PYBF, characteristic of high molecular weight and glass transition temperature, is designed and synthesized by precisely linking C3h‐symmetric benzotrifuran with Y6 acceptors. In comparison to the benchmark thiophene‐bridged linear PYIT acceptor, an optical blue‐shift absorption is observed for PYBF yet a slightly higher power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 15.7% (vs 15.14%) is obtained when paired with polymer donor PM6, which benefit from the more crystalline and face‐on‐oriented PYBF domains. However, the star‐like bulky structure of PYBF results in the nucleation‐growth dominant phase‐separation in polymeric blends, which generates stumpy droplet‐like acceptor fibrils and impairs the continuity of acceptor phases. This issue is however surprisingly resolved by incorporating a small amount of PYIT, which leads to the formation of the more interconnective neuron‐like dual‐acceptor domains by long‐chain entanglements of linear acceptors and alleviates bimolecular recombination. Thus, the champion device realizes a respectable PCE of up to ≈17% and importantly exhibits thermal and storage stabilities superior to the linear counterpart.
Asian Cohort for Alzheimer's Disease (ACAD) pilot study on genetic and non‐genetic risk factors for Alzheimer's disease among Asian Americans and Canadians
Authors: Ho Pei‐Chuan , Yu Wai Haung , Tee Boon Lead , Lee Wan‐Ping , Li Clara , Gu Yian , Yokoyama Jennifer S. , Reyes‐Dumeyer Dolly , Choi Yun‐Beom , Yang Hyun‐Sik , Vardarajan Badri N. , Tzuang Marian , Lieu Kevin , Lu Anna , Faber Kelley M. , Potter Zoë D. , Revta Carolyn , Kirsch Maureen , McCallum Jake , Mei Diana , Booth Briana , Cantwell Laura B. , Chen Fangcong , Chou Sephera , Clark Dewi , Deng Michelle , Hong Ting Hei , Hwang Ling‐Jen , Jiang Lilly , Joo Yoonmee , Kang Younhee , Kim Ellen S. , Kim Hoowon , Kim Kyungmin , Kuzma Amanda B. , Lam Eleanor , Lanata Serggio C. , Lee Kunho , Li Donghe , Li Mingyao , Li Xiang , Liu Chia‐Lun , Liu Collin , Liu Linghsi , Lupo Jody‐Lynn , Nguyen Khai , Pfleuger Shannon E. , Qian James , Qian Winnie , Ramirez Veronica , Russ Kristen A. , Seo Eun Hyun , Song Yeunjoo E. , Tartaglia Maria Carmela , Tian Lu , Torres Mina , Vo Namkhue , Wong Ellen C. , Xie Yuan , Yau Eugene B. , Yi Isabelle , Yu Victoria , Zeng Xiaoyi , St George‐Hyslop Peter , Au Rhoda , Schellenberg Gerard D. , Dage Jeffrey L. , Varma Rohit , Hsiung Ging‐Yuek R. , Rosen Howard , Henderson Victor W. , Foroud Tatiana , Kukull Walter A. , Peavy Guerry M. , Lee Haeok , Feldman Howard H. , Mayeux Richard , Chui Helena , Jun Gyungah R. , Ta Park Van M. , Chow Tiffany W. , Wang Li‐San 
Published: January 2024

AbstractINTRODUCTIONClinical research in Alzheimer's disease (AD) lacks cohort diversity despite being a global health crisis. The Asian Cohort for Alzheimer's Disease (ACAD) was formed to address underrepresentation of Asians in research, and limited understanding of how genetics and non‐genetic/lifestyle factors impact this multi‐ethnic population.METHODSThe ACAD started fully recruiting in October 2021 with one central coordination site, eight recruitment sites, and two analysis sites. We developed a comprehensive study protocol for outreach and recruitment, an extensive data collection packet, and a centralized data management system, in English, Chinese, Korean, and Vietnamese.RESULTSACAD has recruited 606 participants with an additional 900 expressing interest in enrollment since program inception.DISCUSSIONACAD's traction indicates the feasibility of recruiting Asians for clinical research to enhance understanding of AD risk factors. ACAD will recruit > 5000 participants to identify genetic and non‐genetic/lifestyle AD risk factors, establish blood biomarker levels for AD diagnosis, and facilitate clinical trial readiness.HIGHLIGHTS
The Asian Cohort for Alzheimer's Disease (ACAD) promotes awareness of under‐investment in clinical research for Asians.
We are recruiting Asian Americans and Canadians for novel insights into Alzheimer's disease.
We describe culturally appropriate recruitment strategies and data collection protocol.
ACAD addresses challenges of recruitment from heterogeneous Asian subcommunities.
We aim to implement a successful recruitment program that enrolls across three Asian subcommunities.
Oxygen‐Vacancy‐Engineered W18O49−x Nanobrush with a Suitable Band Structure for Highly Efficient Sonodynamic Therapy
Authors: Zheng Pan , Ami'erjiang Yijiati , Liu Bin , Wang Meifang , Ding He , Ding Binbin , Lin Jun 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWith the rapid development of external minimally invasive or noninvasive therapeutic modalities, ultrasound‐based sonodynamic therapy (SDT) is a new alternative for treating deep tumors. However, inadequate sonosensitizer efficiency and poor biosecurity limit clinical applications. In this study, we prepared an oxygen‐vacancy‐engineered W18O49−x nanobrush with a band gap of 2.79 eV for highly efficient SDT using a simple solvothermal method. The suitable band structures of the W18O49−x nanobrush endows it with the potential to simultaneously produce singlet oxygen (1O2), superoxide anions (⋅O2−), and hydroxyl radicals (⋅OH) under ultrasound irradiation. Additionally, abundant oxygen vacancies that serve as further charge traps that inhibit electron‐hole recombination are incidentally introduced through one‐step thermal reduction. Collectively, the in vitro and in vivo results demonstrate that the oxygen‐vacancy‐engineered W18O49−x nanobrush delivers highly efficient reactive oxygen species (ROS) for SDT in a very biosafe manner. Overall, this study provides a new avenue for discovering and designing inorganic nanosonosensitizers with enhanced therapeutic efficiencies for use in SDT.
Bioinspired Total Synthesis of Bipolarolides A and B
Authors: Li Bo , Tan Chuanzhen , Ma Tianhao , Jia Yanxing 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWe have achieved the first total synthesis of bipolarolides A and B, which possess an intriguing and complex 5/6/6/6/5 caged pentacyclic skeleton with seven contiguous stereocenters. The synthesis features a lithium‐halogen exchange/intermolecular nucleophilic addition to link two enantioenriched fragments, two ring‐closing metathesis reactions to assemble the five‐ and eight‐membered rings, and a bioinspired Prins reaction/ether formation cascade cyclization to construct the 5/6/6/6/5 caged skeleton.
Improving the tracking and erosion resistance of silicone rubber using Fe2O3 and platinum catalyst
Authors: Shang Ruiqi , Cheng Fangzheng , Wang Liming , Mei Hongwei , Yin Fanghui , Farzaneh Masoud 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn typical HTV silicone rubber for composite insulators subjected to a 4.5 kV inclined plane (IP) test, alumina trihydrate loading exceeds 40 wt%, which limits the rubber content and weakens the antiaging properties. This study compares two methods for enhancing tracking and erosion resistance while reducing ATH content to meet IP test requirements. Increasing Fe2O3 content from 1.5 wt% to 3 wt% promotes the formation of mullite. The formed ceramic layer isolates heat and oxygen and hence facilitates the specimen to pass the IP tests with less content of ATH. By contrast, Pt/NS system cannot suppress the tracking efficiently by forming the SiOC ceramics at high ATH loading. The decomposition of ATH will generate water vapor and lead to holes in the surface. Both moisture and oxygen absorbed have a detrimental effect on the suppression mechanism of the Pt/NS system. Consequently, it is recommended that the content of Fe2O3 can be increased slightly to lower the ATH content in the traditional HTV SiR formula used for the composite insulator. Besides, when the content of ATH is relatively high, the use of the Pt/NS system is not recommended.
Comparative study on matrix resins in two low‐density polyethylene based cable insulation materials with different voltage grades
Authors: Huang Yanqin , Zhao Yan , Wei Fuqing , Wang Fushan , Gao Yan , Zhang Hongxing , Feng Jiachun 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn industry, crosslinked polyethylene (XLPE) cable insulation is usually produced from crosslinkable compounds consisting of low‐density polyethylene (LDPE) and additives, which known as “cable materials”. Considering that in addition to additives, the structure of matrix resin is a key factor in determining the property of XLPE, it is worthy to study the structure requirements of matrix resin for the development of cable materials with different voltage grades. In this work, the structure of matrix resins of a high voltage grade and an extra high voltage grade cable material were comparatively investigated. Interestingly, it was found that the matrix resins have no significant difference in chain structure parameters including molecular weight and its distribution and vinyl content between two samples, and their crystalline structure as well as the melt rheology and melting crystallization behavior are also very similar. These results suggest that these matrix resins may not substantially differ. Our work shows that cable materials with different voltage grades are not necessarily diverge in terms of matrix resin structure, and it could be possible to develop higher grade cable materials using the same matrix resin as lower grade counterparts.
Controlling the wax crystallization behaviors via the ratio of phenyl to aliphatic branches in block copolymer synthesized by RAFT copolymerization
Authors: Zhang Junjie , Yan Shuiliang , Li Xinyuan , Xiao Peng , Niu Meifei , Pi Yanfu , Xu Jun 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe precipitation and deposition of waxes in high waxy crude oil often result in the low throughput and clogging of pipeline. Adding polymers is a practical approach to solve these problems. In this study, poly(styrene‐co‐docosyl maleate)s (PSDMs) were synthesized by reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer polymerization. The chemical structure and molecular weight of copolymers were characterized using Fourier infrared spectroscopy, 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and gel permeation chromatography. The ratio of phenyl to aliphatic branches varies from 10:8 to 25:8. The crystallization and morphology of waxes in model oil were investigated by x‐ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, and polarized light microscopy. The cold flow behaviors of crude oil were evaluated by rheological methods. With the increase of the ratio of phenyl to aliphatic branches, the crystallinity, viscosity, and yield stress of crude oil first increase and then decrease. In the presence of PSDM‐2, the crystallinity and enthalpy of phase transition (ΔH) are reduced by 44.2% and 48.9%. Thus, the pour point, viscosity, and yield stress of crude oil are reduced by 6.0°C, 76.8% and 77.4%, respectively. Therefore, well‐defined PSDMs are promising to be remarkable flow improvers for waxy crude oils.
Screening of insect immune suppressors using a recombinant phospholipase A2 of a lepidopteran insect
Authors: Jin Gahyeon , Kim Yonggyun 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPhospholipase A2 (PLA2) catalyzes phospholipids at the sn‐2 position to release free fatty acids, including arachidonic acid (AA) or its precursor. The free AA is then oxygenated into different eicosanoids, which mediate the diverse physiological processes in insects. Any inhibition of the PLA2 catalysis would give rise to serious malfunctioning in insect growth and development. An onion moth, Acrolepiopsis sapporensis, encodes four different PLA2 genes (As‐PLA2A–As‐PLA2D), in which As‐PLA2A is dominantly expressed at all developmental stages and in different larval tissues. RNA interference of the As‐PLA2A expression significantly reduced the PLA2 activity of A. sapporensis, which suffered from immunosuppression. A recombinant As‐PLA2A protein was purified from a bacterial expression system, which exhibited a typical Michaelis—Menten kinetics and hence susceptible to a specific inhibitor to sPLA2 and dithiothreitol. A total of 19 bacterial metabolites derived from Xenorhabdus and Photorhabdus were screened against the recombinant As‐PLA2A. Five potent metabolites were highly inhibitory and followed a competitive enzyme inhibition. These five inhibitors suppressed the immune responses of A. sapporensis by inhibiting hemocyte‐spreading behavior and phenoloxidase activity. However, an addition of AA could significantly rescue the immunosuppression induced by the selected inhibitors. These studies suggest that the recombinant As‐PLA2A protein can be applied for high‐throughput screening of insect immunosuppressive compounds.
Mesomorphism Modulation of Perfluorinated Janus Triphenylenes by Inhomogeneous Chain Substitution Patterns
Authors: Zhang Kai‐Li , Yu Wen‐Hao , Zhao Ke‐Qing , Hu Ping , Wang Bi‐Qin , Donnio Bertrand 
Published: January 2024

AbstractTwo isomeric series of compounds with “inverted” chains’ substitution patterns, 7,10‐dialkoxy‐1,2,3,4‐tetrafluoro‐6,11‐dimethoxytriphenylene and 6,11‐dialkoxy‐1,2,3,4‐tetrafluoro‐7,10‐dimethoxytriphenylene, labelled respectively p‐TPFn and m‐TPFn, and two non‐fluorinated homologous isomers, 3,6‐dibutoxy‐2,7‐dimethoxytriphenylene and 2,7‐dibutoxy‐3,6‐dimethoxytriphenylene, p‐TP4 and m‐TP4, respectively, were synthesized in three steps and obtained in good yields by the efficient transition‐metal‐free, fluoroarene nucleophilic substitution via the reaction of appropriate 2,2’‐dilithium biphenylenes with either perfluorobenzene, C6F6, to yield p‐TPFn and m‐TPFn, or o‐difluorobenzene, C6H4F2, for p‐TP4 and m‐TP4, respectively. The single‐crystal structures of p‐TPF4, m‐TPF4 and p‐TP4, unequivocally confirmed that the cyclization reactions occurred at the expected positions, and that the fluorinated molecules stack up into columns with short separation, a propitious situation for the emergence of columnar mesophases. The mesomorphous properties were found to be greatly affected by both chains’ length and positional isomerism: a Colhex phase is found for p‐TPF4 and m‐TPF4, but mesomorphism vanishes in p‐TPF6, and changes for the isomeric homologs m‐TPFn, with the induction for n≥6 of a lamello‐columnar phase, LamColrec. As expected, both non‐fluorinated compounds are deprived of mesomorphism. These compounds emit blue‐violet colour in solution, independently of the chains’ substitution pattern, and the absolute fluorescence quantum yields can reach up to 46 %. In thin films, fluorescence is slightly redshifted.
Founding the Wnt gene family: How wingless was found to be a positional signal and oncogene homolog
Authors: Baker Nicholas E. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe Wnt family of developmental regulators were named after the Drosophila segmentation gene wingless and the murine proto‐oncogene int‐1. Homology between these two genes connected oncogenesis to cell‐cell signals in development. I review how wingless was initially characterized, and cloned, as part of the quest to identify developmental cell‐to‐cell signals, based on predictions of the Positional Information Model, and on the properties of homeotic and segmentation gene mutants. The requirements and cell‐nonautonomy of wingless in patterning multiple embryonic and adult structures solidified its status as a candidate signaling molecule. The physical location of wingless mutations and transcription unit defined the gene and its developmental transcription pattern. When the Drosophila homolog of int‐1 was then isolated, and predicted to encode a secreted proto‐oncogene homolog, it's identity to the wingless gene confirmed that a developmental cell‐cell signal had been identified and connected cancer to development.
Contrasting views on the role of AMPK in autophagy
Authors: Kim Do‐Hyung 
Published: January 2024

AbstractEfficient management of low energy states is vital for cells to maintain basic functions and metabolism and avoid cell death. While autophagy has long been considered a critical mechanism for ensuring survival during energy depletion, recent research has presented conflicting evidence, challenging the long‐standing concept. This recent development suggests that cells prioritize preserving essential cellular components while restraining autophagy induction when cellular energy is limited. This essay explores the conceptual discourse on autophagy regulation during energy stress, navigating through the studies that established the current paradigm and the recent research that has challenged its validity while proposing an alternative model. This exploration highlights the far‐reaching implications of the alternative model, which represents a conceptual departure from the established paradigm, offering new perspectives on how cells respond to energy stress.
Micro Trojan horses: Engineering extracellular vesicles crossing biological barriers for drug delivery
Authors: Zeng Bin , Li Ying , Xia Jiang , Xiao Yin , Khan Nawaz , Jiang Bin , Liang Yujie , Duan Li 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe biological barriers of the body, such as the blood–brain, placental, intestinal, skin, and air‐blood, protect against invading viruses and bacteria while providing necessary physical support. However, these barriers also hinder the delivery of drugs to target tissues, reducing their therapeutic efficacy. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), nanostructures with a diameter ranging from 30 nm to 10 μm secreted by cells, offer a potential solution to this challenge. These natural vesicles can effectively pass through various biological barriers, facilitating intercellular communication. As a result, artificially engineered EVs that mimic or are superior to the natural ones have emerged as a promising drug delivery vehicle, capable of delivering drugs to almost any body part to treat various diseases. This review first provides an overview of the formation and cross‐species uptake of natural EVs from different organisms, including animals, plants, and bacteria. Later, it explores the current clinical applications, perspectives, and challenges associated with using engineered EVs as a drug delivery platform. Finally, it aims to inspire further research to help bioengineered EVs effectively cross biological barriers to treat diseases.
Establishing a robust radioligand therapy program: A practical approach for North American centers
Authors: Mittra Erik S. , Wong Rebecca K. S. , Winters Celeste , Brown Adam , Murley Shondra , Kennecke Hagen 
Published: January 2024

AbstractRadioligand therapy (RLT) is a targeted approach to treating cancer that has been shown to be safe and effective in a variety of disease states, including gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors, lymphoma, and most recently, advanced prostate cancer. In the United States, patient access to this therapy is currently variable. Implementation of new RLT programs and expansion of existing programs are needed to broaden patient access to and standardize the delivery of RLT, especially as new therapies are introduced into clinical practice. Drawing from experience in establishing RLT programs in different settings, we have developed practical recommendations for building and implementing a robust RLT program. In this review, we present our recommendations for minimal requirements and optimal requirements, as well as system considerations, and special issues associated with implementing an RLT program in North American centers.
Healthcare costs of cancer among children, adolescents, and young adults: A scoping review
Authors: Nabukalu Doreen , Gordon Louisa G. , Lowe John , Merollini Katharina M. D. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo collate and critically review international evidence on the direct health system costs of children and adolescents and young adults (AYA) with cancer.MethodsWe conducted searches in PubMed, MEDLINE, CINAHL, and Scopus. Articles were limited to studies involving people aged 0–39 years at cancer diagnosis and published from 2012 to 2022. Two reviewers screened the articles and evaluated the studies using the Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards checklist. The reviewers synthesized the findings using a narrative approach and presented the costs in 2022 US dollars for comparability.ResultsOverall, the mean healthcare costs for all cancers in the 5 years post diagnosis ranged from US$36,670 among children in Korea to US$127,946 among AYA in the USA.During the first year, the mean costs among children 0–14 years ranged from US$34,953 in Chile to over US$130,000 in Canada. These were higher than the costs for AYA, estimated at US$61,855 in Canada. At the end of life, the mean costs were estimated at over US$300,000 among children and US$235,265 among adolescents in Canada.Leukemia was the most expensive cancer type, estimated at US$50,133 in Chile, to US$152,533 among children in Canada. Overall, more than a third of the total cost is related to hospitalizations. All the included studies were of good quality.ConclusionsHealthcare costs associated with cancer are substantial among children, and AYA. More research is needed on the cost of cancer in low‐ and middle‐income countries and harmonization of costs across countries.
Unveiling the Therapeutic Potential of Herba Epimedii: Enhancing Bone Healing Through Cytoskeletal Regulation of RhoA/Rock1 Pathway
Authors: Huang Xiaowen , Lei Shanshan , Xiong Xuefeng , Wang Xuping , Zhao Lisha , Wang Nani , Wan Na , Li Bin 
Published: January 2024

AbstractHerba Epimedii is widely used to promote bone healing, and their active ingredients are total flavonoids of Epimedium (TFE). Ras homolog gene family member A / Rho‐associated protein kinase (RhoA/Rock), an important pathway regulating the cytoskeleton, has been proven to affect bone formation. However, whether TFE promotes bone healing via this pathway remains unclear. In this study, the therapeutic effects of TFE were estimated using micro‐computed tomography and hematoxylin and eosin staining of pathological sections. F‐actin in osteoblasts was stained to investigate the protective effects of TFE on the cytoskeleton. Its regulatory effects on the RhoA/Rock1 pathway were explored using RT‐qPCR and Western blot analysis. Besides, flow cytometry, alkaline phosphatase and nodule calcification staining were performed to evaluate the effects on osteogenesis. The bone healing in rats was improved, the cytoskeletal damage in osteoblasts was reduced, the RhoA/Rock1 pathway was downregulated, and osteogenesis was enhanced after TFE treatment. Thus, TFE can promote bone formation at least partially by regulating the expression of key genes and proteins in the cytoskeleton. The findings of this study provided evidence for clinical applications and would contribute to a better understanding of Epimedium’s mechanisms in treating bone defects.