bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validation of a method to assess night myopia in a clinical setting
Authors: Gené-Sampedro Andrés , Basulto Marset Mercedes , Monsálvez Romin Daniel , Montecelo Salvado Susana , Bueno-Gimeno Inmaculada 
Published: January 2024

AbstractA study was conducted with 115 subjects who regularly drove at night to validate a refraction protocol for detecting refractive visual changes from daytime to nighttime conditions. Objective and subjective refractions were performed in both photopic and mesopic conditions, with a dark adaptation period before the mesopic subjective refraction. The results showed that in mesopic conditions, visual acuity decreased by 0.2 logMAR units on average (p < 0.01), and there was a myopic refractive shift of − 0.36 ± 0.20 D (p < 0.01). Most subjects (92.2%) exhibited a myopic refractive shift of at least 0.12 D. Compensation of refractive shift improved mesopic visual acuity by 0.06 logMAR on average (p < 0.01) and higher refractive shifts showed higher improvement. Night Rx was preferred by 82.1% of subjects with myopic refractive shift. Gender and age did not significantly affect the refractive shift, although myopes showed a higher shift compared to emmetropes (p < 0.01). The refractive shift remained stable over time when the time slot of the day did not change (p < 0.01). Night Rx protocol proved to be a robust and accurate method for identifying drivers with refractive changes when transitioning from photopic to mesopic conditions. The high prevalence and inter-individual variability of Rx shift highlight the need of customized refraction.
Inter-model robustness of the forced change of the ENSO-Indian Summer Monsoon Teleconnection
Authors: Aneesh Sundaresan , Bódai Tamás 
Published: January 2024

AbstractConcerning the robustness of predicting the forced response of the El Niño—Southern Oscillation-Indian summer monsoon (ENSO-ISM) teleconnection based on 9 CMIP-class models, we come to distinguish three time periods. (1) In the late 20th century, the trend was insignificant in most models, which does not permit a statement on robustness in this period. Thus the weakening of the teleconnection reported from the observational data might not be truly forced. (2) Furthermore, we find it typical that under global warming in the first part of the 21st century, the teleconnection is strengthening or non-decreasing. This considerable inter-model robustness is owed to an increasing ENSO variability as well as coupling strength. (3) At the end of the 21st century, however, under strong forcing, the teleconnection change is not robustly modeled: the ENSO variability change is not projected robustly across models, either with respect to the start or the rate of the ENSO variance decline, competing this time with an increase of the coupling strength. The difference in the projected coupling coefficient between models is mainly attributed to the disagreement in the projected ENSO-induced changes in the regional Hadley cell and SST patterns over the ISM domain, despite the agreement on the projected eastward shift of the Walker cell over the Pacific Ocean.
El Niño phase transition by deforestation in the Maritime Continent
Authors: Wei Shengbiao , Wang Xin , Wang Chunzai , Xie Qiang 
Published: January 2024

AbstractEl Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), an irregular alternation between warm El Niño and cold La Niña phases, is the most prominent air-sea interaction phenomenon on Earth and greatly affects global weather and climate. Nevertheless, it remains unclear whether human activity can alter the characteristics of ENSO. We demonstrate, using reanalysis data and coupled general circulation models, that deforestation over the Maritime Continent (MC) favors a rapid transition of El Niño to La Niña. Deforestation over the MC can induce a regional enhancement in precipitation, which in turn leads to the strengthening of the easterly trade winds over the western equatorial Pacific owing to the Gill-response. These stronger trade winds, by inducing a shoaled thermocline in the eastern Pacific, are favorable for the development of cold sea surface temperature anomalies in the eastern equatorial Pacific during El Niño decaying years. Our results suggest that El Niño is more likely to be followed by La Niña if MC deforestation continues in the future.
Delayed coastal inundations caused by ocean dynamics post-Hurricane Matthew
Authors: Park Kyungmin , Di Lorenzo Emanuele , Zhang Yinglong J. , Wang Harry , Ezer Tal , Ye Fei 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPost Hurricane Abnormal Water Level (PHAWL) poses a persistent inundation threat to coastal communities, yet unresolved knowledge gaps exist regarding its spatiotemporal impacts and causal mechanisms. Using a high-resolution coastal model with a set of observations, we find that the PHAWLs are up to 50 cm higher than the normal water levels for several weeks and cause delayed inundations around residential areas of the U.S. Southeast Coast (USSC). Numerical experiments reveal that while atmospheric forcing modulates the coastal PHAWLs, ocean dynamics primarily driven by the Gulf Stream control the mean component and duration of the shelf-scale PHAWLs. Because of the large spatial impact of the post-hurricane oceanic forcing, the coastal hazards are not limited to a direct hit from a hurricane but can be detected throughout the USSC where the oceanic processes reach.
Historical footprints and future projections of global dust burden from bias-corrected CMIP6 models
Authors: Liu Jun , Wang Xiaofan , Wu Dongyou , Wei Hailun , Li Yu , Ji Mingxia 
Published: January 2024

AbstractDust aerosols significantly affect the Earth’s climate, not only as a source of radiation, but also as ice nuclei, cloud condensation nuclei and thus affect CO2 exchange between the atmosphere and the ocean. However, there are large deviations in dust model simulations due to limited observations on a global scale. Based on ten initial Climate Models Intercomparison Project Phase Six (CMIP6) models, the multi-model ensemble (MME) approximately underestimates future changes in global dust mass loading (DML) by 7–21%, under four scenarios of shared socioeconomic pathways (SSPs). Therefore, this study primarily constrains the CMIP6 simulations under various emission scenarios by applying an equidistant cumulative distribution function (EDCDF) method combined with the Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications version 2 (MERRA2) datasets based on observation assimilation. We find that the results (19.0–26.1 Tg) for 2000–2014 are closer to MERRA2 (20.0–24.8 Tg) than the initial simulations (4.4–37.5 Tg), with model deviation reduced by up to 75.6%. We emphasize that the DML during 2081–2100 is expected to increase significantly by 0.023 g m–2 in North Africa and the Atlantic region, while decreasing by 0.006 g m–2 in the Middle East and East Asia. In comparison with internal variability and scenario uncertainty, model uncertainty accounts for more than 70% of total uncertainty. When bias correction is applied, model uncertainty significantly decreases by 65% to 90%, resulting in a similar variance contribution to internal variability.
Cholesterol modulates type I/II TGF-β receptor complexes and alters the balance between Smad and Akt signaling in hepatocytes
Authors: Chaudhary Roohi , Goodman Laureen S. , Wang Sai , Asimakopoulos Anastasia , Weiskirchen Ralf , Dooley Steven , Ehrlich Marcelo , Henis Yoav I. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractCholesterol mediates membrane compartmentalization, affecting signaling via differential distribution of receptors and signaling mediators. While excessive cholesterol and aberrant transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling characterize multiple liver diseases, their linkage to canonical vs. non-canonical TGF-β signaling remained unclear. Here, we subjected murine hepatocytes to cholesterol depletion (CD) or enrichment (CE), followed by biophysical studies on TGF-β receptor heterocomplex formation, and output to Smad2/3 vs. Akt pathways. Prior to ligand addition, raft-dependent preformed heteromeric receptor complexes were observed. Smad2/3 phosphorylation persisted following CD or CE. CD enhanced phospho-Akt (pAkt) formation by TGF-β or epidermal growth factor (EGF) at 5 min, while reducing it at later time points. Conversely, pAkt formation by TGF-β or EGF was inhibited by CE, suggesting a direct effect on the Akt pathway. The modulation of the balance between TGF-β signaling to Smad2/3 vs. pAkt (by TGF-β or EGF) has potential implications for hepatic diseases and malignancies.
Multiple reaction monitoring assays for large-scale quantitation of proteins from 20 mouse organs and tissues
Authors: Michaud Sarah A. , Pětrošová Helena , Sinclair Nicholas J. , Kinnear Andrea L. , Jackson Angela M. , McGuire Jamie C. , Hardie Darryl B. , Bhowmick Pallab , Ganguly Milan , Flenniken Ann M. , Nutter Lauryl M. J. , McKerlie Colin , Smith Derek , Mohammed Yassene , Schibli David , Sickmann Albert , Borchers Christoph H. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractMouse is the mammalian model of choice to study human health and disease due to its size, ease of breeding and the natural occurrence of conditions mimicking human pathology. Here we design and validate multiple reaction monitoring mass spectrometry (MRM-MS) assays for quantitation of 2118 unique proteins in 20 murine tissues and organs. We provide open access to technical aspects of these assays to enable their implementation in other laboratories, and demonstrate their suitability for proteomic profiling in mice by measuring normal protein abundances in tissues from three mouse strains: C57BL/6NCrl, NOD/SCID, and BALB/cAnNCrl. Sex- and strain-specific differences in protein abundances are identified and described, and the measured values are freely accessible via our MouseQuaPro database: http://mousequapro.proteincentre.com. Together, this large library of quantitative MRM-MS assays established in mice and the measured baseline protein abundances represent an important resource for research involving mouse models.
scMD facilitates cell type deconvolution using single-cell DNA methylation references
Authors: Cai Manqi , Zhou Jingtian , McKennan Chris , Wang Jiebiao 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe proliferation of single-cell RNA-sequencing data has led to the widespread use of cellular deconvolution, aiding the extraction of cell-type-specific information from extensive bulk data. However, those advances have been mostly limited to transcriptomic data. With recent developments in single-cell DNA methylation (scDNAm), there are emerging opportunities for deconvolving bulk DNAm data, particularly for solid tissues like brain that lack cell-type references. Due to technical limitations, current scDNAm sequences represent a small proportion of the whole genome for each single cell, and those detected regions differ across cells. This makes scDNAm data ultra-high dimensional and ultra-sparse. To deal with these challenges, we introduce scMD (single cell Methylation Deconvolution), a cellular deconvolution framework to reliably estimate cell type fractions from tissue-level DNAm data. To analyze large-scale complex scDNAm data, scMD employs a statistical approach to aggregate scDNAm data at the cell cluster level, identify cell-type marker DNAm sites, and create precise cell-type signature matrixes that surpass state-of-the-art sorted-cell or RNA-derived references. Through thorough benchmarking in several datasets, we demonstrate scMD’s superior performance in estimating cellular fractions from bulk DNAm data. With scMD-estimated cellular fractions, we identify cell type fractions and cell type-specific differentially methylated cytosines associated with Alzheimer’s disease.
Discovery from Hypericum elatoides and synthesis of hyperelanitriles as α-aminopropionitrile-containing polycyclic polyprenylated acylphloroglucinols
Authors: Xie Jin-Yan , Li Pengfei , Yan Xi-Tao , Gao Jin-Ming 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe search for lead compounds with anti-neuroinflammatory activity from structurally ‘optimized’ natural products is a crucial and promising strategy in the quest to discover safe and efficacious agents for treating neurodegenerative diseases. A phytochemical investigation on the aerial portions of Hypericum elatoides led to the isolation of five nitrogenous polycyclic polyprenylated acylphloroglucinols (PPAPs), hyperelanitriles A–D (1–4) and hyperelamine A (5). Their structures were determined by spectroscopic analysis, ECD and NMR calculations, and X-ray crystallography. To the best of our knowledge, compounds 1–4 represent the first examples of acylphloroglucinols featuring an α-aminonitrile moiety, while 5 is a rare enamine-containing PPAP. Further, the synthesis of these naturally occurring PPAP-based nitriles or amines was accomplished. Compound 5 exhibited inhibitory activity against LPS-activated NO production in BV-2 cells, potentially through the suppression of TLR-4/NF-κB signaling. Here we show the isolation, structural elucidation, synthesis, and bioactive evaluation of compounds 1–5.
Collective variable model for the dynamics of liquid crystal skyrmions
Authors: Alvim Tomás , Gama Margarida M. Telo da , Tasinkevych Mykola 
Published: January 2024

AbstractLiquid crystal skyrmions are topologically protected spatially-localized distortions of the director field which exhibit particle-like properties including translational motion in oscillating electric fields. Here, we develop a collective variable model of the skyrmion dynamics, extending the approach of Long and Selinger proposed earlier for one dimensional systems. The model relates the skyrmion motion to a complex dynamics of the width of the twist wall around the skyrmion core. The width evolves in a non-reciprocal way, quantifying squirming deformations of the high twist region within on and off states of the field. We analyze in details the average skyrmion velocity as a function of the frequency and strength of the field as well as its duty cycle. The model predictions agrees qualitatively with experiments and results of numerical minimization of the Frank-Oseen model. Our results provide insights into the conditions necessary to observe velocity reversal as a function of the field parameters.
Rebuilding the vibrational wavepacket in TRAS using attosecond X-ray pulses
Authors: Wang Chao , Gong Maomao , Zhao Xi , Nan Quan Wei , Yu Xin Yue , Cheng Yongjun , Kimberg Victor , Liu Xiao-Jing , Vendrell Oriol , Ueda Kiyoshi , Zhang Song Bin 
Published: January 2024

AbstractTime-resolved X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (TXPS) is a well-established technique to probe coherent nuclear wavepacket dynamics using both table-top and free-electron-based ultrafast X-ray lasers. Energy resolution, however, becomes compromised for a very short pulse duration in the sub-femtosecond range. By resonantly tuning the X-ray pulse to core-excited states undergoing Auger decay, this drawback of TXPS can be mitigated. While resonant Auger-electron spectroscopy (RAS) can recover the vibrational structures not hidden by broadband excitation, the full reconstruction of the wavepacket is a standing challenge. Here, we theoretically demonstrate how the complete information of a nuclear wavepacket, i.e., the populations and relative phases of the vibrational states constituting the wavepacket, can be retrieved from time-resolved RAS (TRAS) measurements. Thus, TRAS offers key insights into coupled nuclear and electronic dynamics in complex systems on ultrashort timescales, providing an alternative to leverage femtosecond and attosecond X-ray probe pulses.
Stakeholder-driven transformative adaptation is needed for climate-smart nutrition security in sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Jennings Stewart , Challinor Andrew , Smith Pete , Macdiarmid Jennie I. , Pope Edward , Chapman Sarah , Bradshaw Catherine , Clark Heather , Vetter Sylvia , Fitton Nuala , King Richard , Mwamakamba Sithembile , Madzivhandila Tshilidzi , Mashingaidze Ian , Chomba Christian , Nawiko Masiye , Nyhodo Bonani , Mazibuko Ndumiso , Yeki Precious , Kuwali Pamela , Kambwiri Alfred , Kazi Vivian , Kiama Agatha , Songole Abel , Coskeran Helen , Quinn Claire , Sallu Susannah , Dougill Andrew , Whitfield Stephen , Kunin Bill , Meebelo Nalishebo , Jamali Andrew , Kantande Dhaquirs , Makundi Prosper , Mbungu Winfred , Kayula Frank , Walker Sue , Zimba Sibongile , Galani Yamdeu Joseph Hubert , Kapulu Ndashe , Galdos Marcelo Valadares , Eze Samuel , Tripathi Hemant , Sait Steven , Kepinski Stefan , Likoya Emmanuel , Greathead Henry , Smith Harriet Elizabeth , Mahop Marcelin Tonye , Harwatt Helen , Muzammil Maliha , Horgan Graham , Benton Tim 
Published: January 2024

AbstractImproving nutrition security in sub-Saharan Africa under increasing climate risks and population growth requires a strong and contextualized evidence base. Yet, to date, few studies have assessed climate-smart agriculture and nutrition security simultaneously. Here we use an integrated assessment framework (iFEED) to explore stakeholder-driven scenarios of food system transformation towards climate-smart nutrition security in Malawi, South Africa, Tanzania and Zambia. iFEED translates climate–food–emissions modelling into policy-relevant information using model output implication statements. Results show that diversifying agricultural production towards more micronutrient-rich foods is necessary to achieve an adequate population-level nutrient supply by mid-century. Agricultural areas must expand unless unprecedented rapid yield improvements are achieved. While these transformations are challenging to accomplish and often associated with increased greenhouse gas emissions, the alternative for a nutrition-secure future is to rely increasingly on imports, which would outsource emissions and be economically and politically challenging given the large import increases required.
Eruption plumes extended more than 30 km in altitude in both phases of the Millennium eruption of Paektu (Changbaishan) volcano
Authors: Costa Antonio , Mingari Leonardo , Smith Victoria C. , Macedonio Giovanni , McLean Danielle , Folch Arnau , Lee Jeonghyun , Yun Sung-Hyo 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe Millennium Eruption of Paektu volcano, on the border of China and North Korea, generated tephra deposits that extend >1000 km from the vent, making it one of the largest eruptions in historical times. Based on observed thicknesses and compositions of the deposits, the widespread tephra dispersal is attributed to two eruption phases fuelled by chemically distinct magmas that produced both pyroclastic flows and fallout deposits. We used an ensemble-based method with a dual step inversion, in combination with the FALL3D atmospheric tephra transport model, to constrain these two different phases. The volume of the two distinct phases has been calculated. The results indicate that about 3-16 km3 (with a best estimate of 7.2 km3) and 4-20 km3 (with a best estimate of 9.3 km3) of magma were erupted during the comendite and trachyte phases of the eruption, respectively. Eruption rates of up to 4 × 108 kg/s generated plumes that extended 30-40 km up into the stratosphere during each phase.
High urban flood risk and no shelter access disproportionally impacts vulnerable communities in the USA
Authors: Ermagun Alireza , Smith Virginia , Janatabadi Fatemeh 
Published: January 2024

AbstractVulnerable communities are disproportionately placed in low-lying, flood-prone neighborhoods, with deficient infrastructure and limited access to shelter. Here we present a methodology to study the risk of urban floods in tandem with access to shelter to reduce the risk of flooding to communities and prevent a natural hazard from turning into a human disaster. We integrate access to national emergency shelters into a national risk index for riverine floods in eight U.S. cities at the block group level using clustering techniques. The results show shelters are more accessible for inner-city residents regardless of the risk level, and communities with high risk of flood and low access to shelter are disproportionately home to the underserved populations of Asians and the elderly. The outcomes delineate the disparity in equity related to urban floods and support plans and policy needs by identifying and prioritizing areas to improve emergency responses and resource allocations.
Agricultural fertilisers contribute substantially to microplastic concentrations in UK soils
Authors: Cusworth Samuel J. , Davies William J. , McAinsh Martin R. , Gregory Andrew S. , Storkey Jonathan , Stevens Carly J. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractSince their invention, plastics have driven a revolution in behavior in all aspects of our lives, including agriculture. In-use and as a waste material, plastics degrade and accumulate in agricultural systems. Accumulation of plastic pollution in agricultural systems has negative impacts on human health and agricultural productivity but little is known about concentrations of microplastics in soils. Here we used a historical time series to examine changes to microplastic concentrations in agricultural soils over time. Microplastics were stained with Nile Red and quantified using fluorescence microscopy. We demonstrate that microplastic concentrations increased at higher rates in soils that are amended with either organic or inorganic fertiliser between 1966 and 2022, suggesting that agricultural fertilisers are an important contributor to microplastic concentrations in agricultural soils over time. This study provides evidence that agricultural soils are receptors and reservoirs of microplastic pollution, a legacy which is growing over time.
Outgassing behaviour during highly explosive basaltic eruptions
Authors: Bamber Emily C. , La Spina Giuseppe , Arzilli Fabio , Polacci Margherita , Mancini Lucia , de’ Michieli Vitturi Mattia , Andronico Daniele , Corsaro Rosa Anna , Burton Mike R. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractExplosivity of basaltic eruptions is related to the efficiency in which exsolved gas can separate from the melt during ascent, which is controlled by magma permeability. However, basaltic pyroclasts from eruptions of varying explosivity can show similar permeability, indicating a possible complex relationship between permeability, outgassing and eruptive style. Here, we provide 3D measurements of basaltic pyroclasts using X-ray microtomography. We investigate the role of permeability and outgassing on magma ascent dynamics by using a numerical conduit model. Among the permeable parameters, bubble number density and friction coefficient largely affect explosivity. However, for fast ascending basaltic magmas, gas-melt coupling is maintained independent of magma permeability. In this case, magma storage conditions may determine eruptive style, driving rapid magma ascent, crystallisation and bubble nucleation, producing a highly explosive eruption. Monitoring parameters which reveal pre-eruptive conditions may assist hazard mitigation, particularly for basaltic systems which exhibit a wide range in eruptive style.