bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A quantitative evaluation of the deep learning model of segmentation and measurement of cervical spine MRI in healthy adults
Authors: Zhu Yifeng , Li Yushi , Wang Kexin , Li Jinpeng , Zhang Xiaodong , Zhang Yaofeng , Li Jialun , Wang Xiaoying 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the 3D U‐Net model for automatic segmentation and measurement of cervical spine structures using magnetic resonance (MR) images of healthy adults.Materials and methodsMR images of the cervical spine from 160 healthy adults were collected retrospectively. A previously constructed deep‐learning model was used to automatically segment anatomical structures. Segmentation and localization results were checked by experienced radiologists. Pearson's correlation analyses were conducted to examine relationships between patient and image parameters.ResultsNo measurement was significantly correlated with age or sex. The mean values of the areas of the subarachnoid space and spinal cord from the C2/3 (cervical spine 2–3) to C6/7 intervertebral disc levels were 102.85–358.12 mm2 and 53.71–110.32 mm2, respectively. The ratios of the areas of the spinal cord to the subarachnoid space were 0.25–0.68. The transverse and anterior‐posterior diameters of the subarachnoid space were 14.77–26.56 mm and 7.38–17.58 mm, respectively. The transverse and anterior‐posterior diameters of the spinal cord were 9.11–16.02 mm and 5.47–10.12 mm, respectively.ConclusionA deep learning model based on 3D U‐Net automatically segmented and performed measurements on cervical spine MR images from healthy adults, paving the way for quantitative diagnosis models for spinal cord diseases.
Efficient Near‐Infrared Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes with Emission Peak Above 900 nm Enabled by Enhanced Photoluminescence Quantum Yields and Out‐Coupling Efficiencies
Authors: An Chen , Deng Wanyuan , Xie Yuan , An Kang , Cao Huan , Yang Dezhi , Chen Yihui , Liu Wansheng , Xu Yuhang , Li Ning , Wu Hongbin , Cao Yong 
Published: January 2024

AbstractNear‐infrared organic light‐emitting diodes (NIR OLEDs) with emission peak above 900 nm are attractive for many emerging applications, spanning from bioimaging to light detection and ranging. However, the device performance of NIR OLEDs is generally limited by the low quantum efficiency of emitters because of the fast nonradiative transition process imposed by energy‐gap law and aggregation quenching. So far, only a few Pt(II) complexes delivering external quantum efficiency (EQE) over 1% are reported, while there is no comparable electroluminescence in heavy‐metal‐free fluorescent organic emitters. Here, NIR OLEDs centered at 934 nm by blending an acceptor–donor–acceptor type molecule Y11 into a polymer host poly[(9,9‐dioctylfluorenyl‐2,7‐diyl)‐alt‐(4,4′‐(N‐(4‐sec‐butylphenyl)diphenylamine) (TFB) are reported. The OLEDs show a remarkably high EQE of 1.72%. Moreover, owing to a low turn‐on voltage (≈0.9 V), the resultant NIR OLEDs have an electricity‐to‐light power efficiency surpassing 20 mW W−1. The improved device performance can be attributed to enhanced photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYs) of the blends owing to suppressed aggregation quenching, and favorable light extraction from the emissive layer. Such values are the highest among fluorescent OLEDs with electroluminescence above 900 nm.
Precision Medicine in Parkinson's Disease Using Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
Authors: Kim Min Seong , Kim Hyesoo , Lee Gabsang 
Published: January 2024

AbstractParkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most devastating neurological diseases; however, there is no effective cure yet. The availability of human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) provides unprecedented opportunities to understand the pathogenic mechanism and identification of new therapy for PD. Here a new model system of PD, including 2D human iPSC‐derived midbrain dopaminergic (mDA) neurons, 3D iPSC‐derived midbrain organoids (MOs) with cellular complexity, and more advanced microphysiological systems (MPS) with 3D organoids, is introduced. It is believed that successful integrations and applications of iPSC, organoid, and MPS technologies can bring new insight on PD's pathogenesis that will lead to more effective treatments for this debilitating disease.
3D Stem Cell Spheroids with 2D Hetero‐Nanostructures for In Vivo Osteogenic and Immunologic Modulated Bone Repair
Authors: Liu Xifeng , Astudillo Potes Maria D. , Dashtdar Babak , Schreiber Areonna C. , Tilton Maryam , Li Linli , Elder Benjamin D. , Lu Lichun 
Published: January 2024

Abstract3D stem cell spheroids have immense potential for various tissue engineering applications. However, current spheroid fabrication techniques encounter cell viability issues due to limited oxygen access for cells trapped within the core, as well as nonspecific differentiation issues due to the complicated environment following transplantation. In this study, functional 3D spheroids are developed using mesenchymal stem cells with 2D hetero‐nanostructures (HNSs) composed of single‐stranded DNA (ssDNA) binding carbon nanotubes (sdCNTs) and gelatin‐bind black phosphorus nanosheets (gBPNSs). An osteogenic molecule, dexamethasone (DEX), is further loaded to fabricate an sdCNTgBP‐DEX HNS. This approach aims to establish a multifunctional cell‐inductive 3D spheroid with improved oxygen transportation through hollow nanotubes, stimulated stem cell growth by phosphate ions supplied from BP oxidation, in situ immunoregulation, and osteogenesis induction by DEX molecules after implantation. Initial transplantation of the 3D spheroids in rat calvarial bone defect shows in vivo macrophage shifts to an M2 phenotype, leading to a pro‐healing microenvironment for regeneration. Prolonged implantation demonstrates outstanding in vivo neovascularization, osteointegration, and new bone regeneration. Therefore, these engineered 3D spheroids hold great promise for bone repair as they allow for stem cell delivery and provide immunoregulative and osteogenic signals within an all‐in‐one construct.
Interlayer Biatomic Pair Bridging the van der Waals Gap for 100% Activation of 2D Layered Material
Authors: Wang Chenyang , Yang Wenxuan , Ding Yiran , Bai Pengfei , Zeng Ziyue , Lv Haifeng , Li Xiang , Wang Huiliu , Wang Zhouyang , Zeng Mengqi , Wu Xiaojun , Fu Lei 
Published: January 2024

Abstract2D layered materials are regarded as prospective catalyst candidates due to their advantageous atomic exposure ratio. Nevertheless, the predominant population of atoms residing on the basal plane with saturated coordination, exhibit inert behavior, while a mere fraction of atoms located at the periphery display reactivity. Here, a novel approach is reported to attain complete atom activation in 2D layered materials through the construction of an interlayer biatomic pair bridge. The atoms in question have been strategically optimized to achieve a highly favorable state for the adsorption of intermediates. This optimization results from the introduction of new gap states around the Fermi level. Moreover, the presence of the interlayer bridge facilitates the electron transfer across the van der Waals gap, thereby enhancing the reaction kinetics. The hydrogen evolution reaction exhibits an impressive ultrahigh current density of 2000 mA cm−2 at 397 mV, surpassing the pristine MoS2 by approximately two orders of magnitude (26 mA cm−2 at 397 mV). This study provides new insights for enhancing the efficacy of 2D layered catalysts.
Competing Mechanisms Determine Oxygen Redox in Doped Ni–Mn Based Layered Oxides for Na‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Li Yongchun , Mazzio Katherine A. , Yaqoob Najma , Sun Yanan , Freytag Annica I. , Wong Deniz , Schulz Christian , Baran Volodymyr , Mendez Alba San Jose , Schuck Götz , Zając Marcin , Kaghazchi Payam , Adelhelm Philipp 
Published: January 2024

AbstractCation doping is an effective strategy for improving the cyclability of layered oxide cathode materials through suppression of phase transitions in the high voltage region. In this study, Mg and Sc are chosen as dopants in P2‐Na0.67Ni0.33Mn0.67O2, and both have found to positively impact the cycling stability, but influence the high voltage regime in different ways. Through a combination of synchrotron‐based methods and theoretical calculations it is shown that it is more than just suppression of the P2 to O2 phase transition that is critical for promoting the favorable properties, and that the interplay between Ni and O activity is also a critical aspect that dictates the performance. With Mg doping, the Ni activity can be enhanced while simultaneously suppressing the O activity. This is surprising because it is in contrast to what has been reported in other Mn‐based layered oxides where Mg is known to trigger oxygen redox. This contradiction is addressed by proposing a competing mechanism between Ni and Mg that impacts differences in O activity in Na0.67MgxNi0.33‐xMn0.67O2 (x < 0 < 0.33). These findings provide a new direction in understanding the effects of cation doping on the electrochemical behavior of layered oxides.
Ultrasound Imaging of Tumor Vascular CD93 with MMRN2 Modified Microbubbles for Immune Microenvironment Prediction
Authors: Wang Dingyi , Xing Changyang , Liang Yuan , Wang Chen , Zhao Ping , Liang Xiao , Li Qiuyang , Yuan Lijun 
Published: January 2024

AbstractVascular microenvironment is found to be closely related to immunotherapy efficacy. Identification and ultrasound imaging of the unique vascular characteristics, able to predict immune microenvironment, is important for immunotherapy decision‐making. Herein, it is proved that high CD93 expression in the tumor vessels is closely related to the poor immune response of prostate cancer. For ultrasound molecular imaging of CD93, CD93‐targeted microbubbles (MBs) consist a gaseous core and the MMRN2 (Multimerin‐2) containing cell membrane (CM) /lipid hybrid membrane is then synthesized. In vitro and in vivo assays demonstrate that these MBs can recognize CD93 efficiently and then accumulate within tumor regions highly expressing CD93. Contrast‐enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) imaging with CD93‐targeted MBs demonstrates that targeted ultrasound intensity is negatively related to inflammatory tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) and cytotoxic T cell infiltration. Together, endothelial expression of CD93 in tumor is a unique predictor of immunosuppressive microenvironment and CD93‐targeted MBs have a great potential to evaluate tumor immune status.
Proton‐Assisted Assembly of Colloidal Nanoparticles into Wafer‐Scale Monolayers in Seconds
Authors: Kim Doeun , Lee JuHyeong , Kim Gyurin , Ma Jiyeong , Kim Hyun Min , Han Jang‐Hwan , Jeong Hyeon‐Ho 
Published: January 2024

AbstractUnderwater adhesion processes in nature promise controllable assembly of functional nanoparticles for industrial mass production; However, their artificial strategies have faced challenges to uniformly transfer nanoparticles into a monolayer, particularly those below 100 nm in size, over large areas. Here a scalable “one‐shot” self‐limiting nanoparticle transfer technique is presented, enabling the efficient transport of nanoparticles from water in microscopic volumes to an entire 2‐inch wafer in a remarkably short time of 10 seconds to reach near‐maximal surface coverage (≈40%) in a 2D mono‐layered fashion. Employing proton engineering in electrostatic assembly accelerates the diffusion of nanoparticles (over 50 µm2/s), resulting in a hundredfold faster coating speed than the previously reported results in the literature. This charge‐sensitive process further enables “pick‐and‐place” nanoparticle patterning at the wafer scale, with large flexibility in surface materials, including flexible metal oxides and 3D‐printed polymers. As a result, the fabrication of wafer‐scale disordered plasmonic metasurfaces in seconds is successfully demonstrated. These metasurfaces exhibit consistent resonating colors across diverse material and geometrical platforms, showcasing their potential for applications in full‐color painting and optical encryption devices.
Soluble B‐cell maturation antigen in multiple myeloma
Authors: Costa Bruno Almeida , Ortiz Ricardo J. , Lesokhin Alexander M. , Richter Joshua 
Published: January 2024

AbstractB‐cell maturation antigen (BCMA) has emerged as a promising immunotherapeutic target in multiple myeloma (MM) management, with the successive approval of antibody‐drug conjugates, bispecific antibodies, and chimeric antigen receptor T‐cell therapies directed to this membrane receptor. Soluble BCMA (sBCMA), a truncated version produced through gamma‐secretase cleavage, can be quantified in serum/plasma samples from patients with MM via electrochemiluminescence, fluorescence, or enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays, as well as through mass spectrometry‐based proteomics. Besides its short serum half‐life and independence from kidney function, sBCMA represents a reliable and convenient tool for MM monitoring in patients with nonsecretory or oligosecretory disease. Numerous studies have suggested a potential utility of this bioanalyte in the risk stratification of premalignant plasma cell disorders, diagnosis and prognostication of MM, and response evaluation following anti‐myeloma therapies. In short, sBCMA might be the “Swiss army knife” of MM laboratory testing, but is it ready for prime time?
Hired crop worker injury risks on farms in the United States during three different periods between 2002 and 2015
Authors: Layne Larry A. , Siordia Carlos 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundHired crop workers have high incidence of work‐related injuries, but little has been documented about potential risks at the national level.MethodsData were obtained from a national probability sample of hired crop workers in the United States (U.S.) during 2002–2004 (period I), 2008–2010 (period II), and 2014–2015 (period III). Multivariable logistic regression models of work‐related injury were constructed using an occupational exposure adjustment for weeks worked in the previous year.ResultsHired crop workers reporting that their employer did not provide clean drinking water and disposable cups every day were estimated to be at greater odds of injury during all three periods. Having at least some English‐speaking ability was associated with increased odds of injury in two periods, while owning a dwelling in the U.S. showed greater injury risk during period II but was associated with lower risk during period III. Other items significantly associated with injury during at least one of the study periods in the final multivariable logistic models included being a direct‐hire, a migrant worker, U.S.‐born, receiving public aid, and having a health condition.ConclusionsHired crop workers are an extremely marginalized population of workers in the U.S. Innovative intervention methods must extend beyond traditional occupational models to focus on the overall health of hired crop workers, including increasing healthcare access, ending agricultural exceptionalism to provide equal regulatory protections afforded to workers in other industries, and adequate enforcement of existing regulations. These findings contribute to the understanding of correlates related to increased work‐related injury among hired crop workers, and have implications in fields of prevention, intervention, and policy.
Epilepsy in Legius syndrome: Coincidence or causation?
Authors: Medina Lemus Adalbeis , Boelman Cyrus , Myers Kenneth A. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractLegius syndrome is a rare genetic disorder, caused by heterozygous SPRED1 pathogenic variants, which shares phenotypic features with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1). Both conditions typically involve café‐au‐lait macules, axillary freckling, and macrocephaly; however, patients with NF1 are also at risk for tumors, such as optic nerve gliomas and neurofibromas. Seizure risk is known to be elevated in NF1, but there has been little study of this aspect of Legius syndrome. The reported epilepsy incidence is 3.3%–5%, well above the general population incidence of ~0.5%–1%, but the few reports in the literature have very little data regarding epilepsy phenotype. We identified two unrelated individuals, both with Legius syndrome and epilepsy, and performed thorough phenotyping. One individual's mother also had Legius syndrome and now‐resolved childhood epilepsy, as well as reports of more distant relatives who also had multiple café‐au‐lait macules and seizures. Both probands had experienced childhood‐onset focal seizures, with normal brain MRI. In one patient, EEG later showed apparently generalized epileptiform abnormalities. Based on the data from this small case series and literature review, seizure risk is increased in people with Legius syndrome, but the epilepsy prognosis appears to be generally good, with patients having either self‐limited or pharmacoresponsive courses.
Occupational and domestic exposure associations with cerebral small vessel disease and vascular dementia: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Clancy Una , Cheng Yajun , Brara Amrita , Doubal Fergus N. , Wardlaw Joanna M. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractINTRODUCTIONThe prevalence of cerebral smallvessel disease (SVD) and vascular dementia according to workplace or domestic exposure to hazardous substances is unclear.METHODSWe included studies assessing occupational and domestic hazards/at‐risk occupations and SVD features. We pooled prevalence estimates using random‐effects models where possible, or presented a narrative synthesis.RESULTSWe included 85 studies (n = 47,743, mean age = 44·5 years). 52/85 reported poolable estimates. SVD prevalence in populations exposed to carbon monoxide was 81%(95% CI = 60‐93%; n = 1373; results unchanged in meta‐regression), carbon disulfide73% (95% CI = 54‐87%; n = 131), 1,2‐dichloroethane 88% (95% CI = 4‐100%, n = 40), toluene 82% (95% CI = 3‐100%, n = 64), high altitude 49% (95% CI = 38‐60%; n = 164),and diving 24% (95% CI = 5‐67%, n = 172). We narratively reviewed vascular dementia studies and contact sport, lead, military, pesticide, and solvent exposures as estimates were too few/varied to pool.DISCUSSIONSVD and vascular dementia may be associated with occupational/domestic exposure to hazardous substances. CRD42021297800.
Algebraic Localization–Delocalization Phase Transition in Moving Potential Wells on a Lattice
Authors: Longhi Stefano 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe localization and scattering properties of potential wells or barriers uniformly moving on a lattice are strongly dependent on the drift velocity, owing to a violation of the Galilean invariance of the discrete Schrödinger equation. Here a type of localization–delocalization phase transition of algebraic type is unraveled, which does not require any kind of disorder and arises when a power‐law potential well drifts fast on a lattice. While for an algebraic exponent lower than the critical value dynamical delocalization is observed, for asymptotic localization, corresponding to asymptotic frozen dynamics, is instead realized. At the critical phase transition point an oscillatory dynamics is found, corresponding to Bloch oscillations. An experimentally accessible photonic platform for the observation of the predicted algebraic phase transition, based on light dynamics in synthetic mesh lattices, is suggested.
Functional neural networks stratify Parkinson's disease patients across the spectrum of cognitive impairment
Authors: Hajebrahimi Farzin , Budak Miray , Saricaoglu Mevhibe , Temel Zeynep , Demir Tugce Kahraman , Hanoglu Lutfu , Yildirim Suleyman , Bayraktaroglu Zubeyir 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIntroductionCognitive impairment (CI) is a significant non‐motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD) that often precedes the emergence of motor symptoms by several years. Patients with PD hypothetically progress from stages without CI (PD‐normal cognition [NC]) to stages with Mild CI (PD‐MCI) and PD dementia (PDD). CI symptoms in PD are linked to different brain regions and neural pathways, in addition to being the result of dysfunctional subcortical regions. However, it is still unknown how functional dysregulation correlates to progression during the CI. Neuroimaging techniques hold promise in discriminating CI stages of PD and further contribute to the biomarker formation of CI in PD. In this study, we explore disparities in the clinical assessments and resting‐state functional connectivity (FC) among three CI stages of PD.MethodsWe enrolled 88 patients with PD and 26 healthy controls (HC) for a cross sectional clinical study and performed intra‐ and inter‐network FC analysis in conjunction with comprehensive clinical cognitive assessment.ResultsOur findings underscore the significance of several neural networks, namely, the default mode network (DMN), frontoparietal network (FPN), dorsal attention network, and visual network (VN) and their inter–intra‐network FC in differentiating between PD‐MCI and PDD. Additionally, our results showed the importance of sensory motor network, VN, DMN, and salience network (SN) in the discriminating PD‐NC from PDD. Finally, in comparison to HC, we found DMN, FPN, VN, and SN as pivotal networks for further differential diagnosis of CI stages of PD.ConclusionWe propose that resting‐state networks (RSN) can be a discriminating factor in distinguishing the CI stages of PD and progressing from PD‐NC to MCI or PDD. The integration of clinical and neuroimaging data may enhance the early detection of PD in clinical settings and potentially prevent the disease from advancing to more severe stages.
Analysis of translesion polymerases in colorectal cancer cells following cetuximab treatment: A network perspective
Authors: Das Anubrata , Gkoutos Georgios V. , Acharjee Animesh 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIntroductionAdaptive mutagenesis observed in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells upon exposure to EGFR inhibitors contributes to the development of resistance and recurrence. Multiple investigations have indicated a parallel between cancer cells and bacteria in terms of exhibiting adaptive mutagenesis. This phenomenon entails a transient and coordinated escalation of error‐prone translesion synthesis polymerases (TLS polymerases), resulting in mutagenesis of a magnitude sufficient to drive the selection of resistant phenotypes.MethodsIn this study, we conducted a comprehensive pan‐transcriptome analysis of the regulatory framework within CRC cells, with the objective of identifying potential transcriptome modules encompassing certain translesion polymerases and the associated transcription factors (TFs) that govern them. Our sampling strategy involved the collection of transcriptomic data from tumors treated with cetuximab, an EGFR inhibitor, untreated CRC tumors, and colorectal‐derived cell lines, resulting in a diverse dataset. Subsequently, we identified co‐regulated modules using weighted correlation network analysis with a minKMEtostay threshold set at 0.5 to minimize false‐positive module identifications and mapped the modules to STRING annotations. Furthermore, we explored the putative TFs influencing these modules using KBoost, a kernel PCA regression model.ResultsOur analysis did not reveal a distinct transcriptional profile specific to cetuximab treatment. Moreover, we elucidated co‐expression modules housing genes, for example, POLK, POLI, POLQ, REV1, POLN, and POLM. Specifically, POLK, POLI, and POLQ were assigned to the “blue” module, which also encompassed critical DNA damage response enzymes, for example. BRCA1, BRCA2, MSH6, and MSH2. To delineate the transcriptional control of this module, we investigated associated TFs, highlighting the roles of prominent cancer‐associated TFs, such as CENPA, HNF1A, and E2F7.ConclusionWe found that translesion polymerases are co‐regulated with DNA mismatch repair and cell cycle‐associated factors. We did not, however, identified any networks specific to cetuximab treatment indicating that the response to EGFR inhibitors relates to a general stress response mechanism.