bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Students’ approaches when capturing change in contextual graphs: a study combining eye tracking and stimulated recall interviews
Authors: Thomaneck Aylin , Vollstedt Maike , Schindler Maike 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
One central element in understanding the concept of function and developing functional thinking is the aspect of covariation. Covariation describes how the change in one quantity affects the other one. A lack of students’ understanding of covariation leads to errors and misconceptions. This is particularly evident in students’ interpretations of graphs, where covariation is needed to understand the data. Up to now, it is not sufficiently known how students capture covariation in contextual graphs representing data from real-world phenomena. Our study aims to identify secondary school students’ approaches when capturing change in contextual graphs and students’ use of approaches. In our study, 19 ninth graders were asked to describe the change of two graphs from different situational contexts. To get detailed insights into their process of capturing the change, we triangulated eye-tracking data with verbal protocols and stimulated recall interviews. We identified nine approaches that students used to capture change in contextual graphs, which can be grouped into four main types (pairs of values, section by section, holistically, and total change). Moreover, based on students’ use of approaches in the two tasks, we identified task characteristics that seem to be related to the approach used, such as the situational context and the type of graph. The findings thus mark a first step towards improving the teaching and learning of task-specific graph interpretation.
Further research of multi-scale assemble and matrix reassemble method for efficient analysis of railway track–substructure system subjected to a moving train
Authors: Xu Lei , Wu Leizhen , Li Zheng , Peng Borong , Lu Tao , Yu Zhiwu 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
For a large-scale dynamic system, the efficiency of computation becomes a vital work sometimes in engineering practices. As a layered structural system, ballastless track and substructure occupy most part of the degrees of freedom of the whole system. It is, therefore, rather important to optimize the structural models in dynamic equation formulations. In this work, a three-dimensional and coupled model for multi-rigid-body of train and finite elements of track and substructures is presented by multi-scale assemble and matrix reassemble method. The matrix reassembling tactic is based on the multi-scale assemble method, through which the finite element matrix bandwidth is greatly narrowed, and the Cholesky factorization, iterative and multi-time-step solution have been introduced to efficiently obtain the train, track and substructure responses. The subgrade and its subsoil works as a typical substructural system, and comparisons with the previous model without matrix reassembling, SIMPACK and ABAQUS have been conducted to fully validate the efficiency and accuracy of this train–track–subgrade dynamic interaction model.
XTNSR: Xception-based transformer network for single image super resolution
Authors: Talreja Jagrati , Aramvith Supavadee , Onoye Takao 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Single image super resolution has significantly advanced by utilizing transformers-based deep learning algorithms. However, challenges still need to be addressed in handling grid-like image patches with higher computational demands and addressing issues like over-smoothing in visual patches. This paper presents a Deep Learning model for single-image super-resolution. In this paper, we present the XTNSR model, a novel multi-path network architecture that combines Local feature window transformers (LWFT) with Xception blocks for single-image super-resolution. The model processes grid-like image patches effectively and reduces computational complexity by integrating a Patch Embedding layer. Whereas the Xception blocks use depth-wise separable convolutions for hierarchical feature extraction, the LWFT blocks capture long-range dependencies and fine-grained qualities. A multi-layer feature fusion block with skip connections, part of this hybrid architecture, guarantees efficient local and global feature fusion. The experimental results show better performance in Peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR), structural similarity index measure (SSIM), and visual quality than the state-of-the-art techniques. By optimizing parameters, the suggested architecture also lowers computational complexity. Overall, the architecture presents a promising approach for advancing image super-resolution capabilities.
A systematic approach to evaluate jetability of high-viscosity resins for 3D inkjet printing applications
Authors: Götz Antonia , Janhsen Jan Christoph , Güttler Stefan , Refle Oliver , Ronczka Olivia 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Recent advances in piezo inkjet printing technology have enabled the use of high-viscosity materials previously unsuitable for inkjet applications. This technology facilitates the printing of vat photopolymerization resins, traditionally used to produce single-material components with superior properties compared to those achieved with conventional UV inks in material jetting. The ability to print these resins with piezo inkjet technology opens new fields of application for producing multimaterial functional parts. To fully exploit this potential, it is essential to evaluate the compatibility of these resins with the new technology. This study systematically evaluates the jetability, printability, and performance of high-viscosity materials to optimize the printing process and provides a detailed understanding of the factors influencing the jetability of high-viscosity resins and develops guidelines for optimizing their use in 3D inkjet printing applications.
A data-informed knowledge discovery framework to predict fatigue properties of additively manufactured Ti–6Al–4V, IN718 and AlSi10Mg alloys using fatigue databases
Authors: Alfred Samuel Onimpa , Amiri Mehdi 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
With the increasing interest in utilizing additive manufacturing (AM) for fatigue-critical applications, reliable fatigue analysis tools are increasingly necessary. Unlike traditional manufacturing processes, AM involves a greater number of process parameters and manufacturing variables which adds complexity to the development of mechanistic fatigue models. Data-driven models, to some extent, have shown predictive capabilities for the fatigue properties of AM alloys. However, no study has extensively investigated fatigue properties across different AM alloys with the aim of developing predictive models for fatigue databases. A data-informed knowledge discovery framework is developed for exploring diverse AM fatigue datasets in the literature. Characteristics of the AM fatigue datasets are first analyzed within this framework to uncover data-driven insights for machine learning modeling. Machine learning techniques are then used to solve classification and regression problems using fatigue ratio as the property of interest. k-nearest neighbors and support vector machine classifiers are used to classify process parameters and manufacturing variables to determine the class of fatigue ratio they belong to based on a pre-defined threshold. Similarly, a Gaussian process regression (GPR) model is used to predict the fatigue ratio of AM alloys with a 95% prediction interval. The Shapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) method is used to explain the predictions of the GPR model. This framework is validated using Ti–6Al–4V, IN718, and AlSi10Mg datasets from the literature. The proposed framework efficiently maps process parameters, post-processing sequences, and AM types to the fatigue ratio, thereby providing an efficient surrogate modeling methodology for estimating fatigue properties from available datasets.
Tackling abiotic stress in plants: recent insights and trends
Authors: Zhang Heng , Lang Zhaobo , Zhu Jian-Kang , Wang Pengcheng 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Plants, as sessile organisms, must adapt to a range of abiotic stresses, including drought, salinity, heat, and cold, which are increasingly exacerbated by climate change. These stresses significantly impact crop productivity, posing challenges for sustainable agriculture and food security. Recent advances in omics studies and genetics have shed light on molecular mechanisms underlying plant stress responses, including the role of calcium (Ca2⁺) signaling, liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS), and cell wall-associated sensors in detecting and responding to environmental changes. However, gaps remain in understanding how rapid stress signaling is integrated with slower, adaptive processes. Emerging evidence also highlights crosstalk between abiotic stress responses, plant immunity, and growth regulation, mediated by key components such as RAF-SnRK2 kinase cascades, DELLA proteins, etc. Strategies to enhance crop stress resistance without compromising yield include introducing beneficial alleles, spatiotemporal optimization of stress responses, and decoupling stress signaling from growth inhibition. This review emphasizes the importance of interdisciplinary approaches and innovative technologies to bridge fundamental research and practical agricultural applications, aiming to develop resilient crops for sustainable food production in an era of escalating environmental challenges.
Synthesis of polyvinyl chloride modified magnetic hydrochar for effective removal of Pb(II) and bisphenol A from aqueous phase: performance and mechanism exploration
Authors: Bi Fuxuan , Zhang Bo , Liu Xiaoyang , Ma Mingyao , Hu Qi , Wang Mengning , Wang Lei , Qu Jianhua , Zhang Ying 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
To effectively remove lead (Pb(II)) and bisphenol A (BPA) from wastewater, polyvinyl chloride modified magnetic hydrochar (PVC-AMHC) was synthesized through co-hydrothermal carbonization of polyvinyl chloride and corn straw, and subsequently activated using NaOH. Characterization demonstrated that both PVC and NaOH activation increased the content of oxygen-containing functional groups, and Fe3O4 was successfully loaded onto the material surface. Furthermore, PVC-AMHC displayed remarkable uptake capacity with the maximum uptake amount of Pb(II) (217.53 mg/g) and BPA (185.53 mg/g) at 130 and 30 min, respectively, under a wide pH range. Additionally, PVC-AMHC possessed high tolerance to different interference cations and maintained excellent adsorption performance during four regeneration cycles. The thermodynamic analysis suggested that the absorption processes of Pb(II) and BPA by PVC-MHC were spontaneous (-ΔG
0) with an endothermic characteristic (+ΔH
0). Adsorption mechanisms of Pb(II) on PVC-AMHC included complexation, electrostatic attraction, and pore filling, and those of BPA were mainly associated with hydrogen bonding and pore filling. In conclusion, PVC-AMHC was an environmentally friendly adsorbent with effectively simultaneous removal of Pb(II) and BPA from wastewater.

Graphical Abstract
Advanced technologies in InGaN micro-LED fabrication to mitigate the sidewall effect
Authors: Liu Zhiyuan , Cao Haicheng , Tang Xiao , Liu Tingang , Lu Yi , Jiang Zixian , Xiao Na , Li Xiaohang 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The size of InGaN micro-LEDs is continuously decreasing to meet the demands of various emerging applications, especially in tiny micro-displays such as AR/VR. However, the conventional pixel definition based on plasma etching significantly damages the mesa sidewalls, leading to a severe reduction in efficiency as the micro-LED size decreases. This seriously impedes the development and application of micro-LEDs. In this work, we comprehensively explain the origin of micro-LED sidewall effects and corresponding physical models. Subsequently, we systematically review recent progress in micro-LED fabrication aiming at suppressing sidewall effects. Furthermore, we discuss advancements in micro-LED fabrication with “damage-free” techniques, which hold the potential to fundamentally address the issue of plasma damage in the micro-LED process. We believe this review will deepen the understanding of micro-LED sidewall effects and provide a better insight into the latest associated fabrication technologies for high-efficient InGaN micro-LEDs.
S100A8/A9 innate immune signaling as a distinct mechanism driving progression of smoking-related breast cancers
Authors: Mugisha Samson , Baba Shahnawaz A. , Labhsetwar Shreyas , Dave Devam , Zakeri Aran , Klemke Richard , Desgrosellier Jay S. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Smoking plays an underappreciated role in breast cancer progression, increasing recurrence and mortality in patients. Here, we show that S100A8/A9 innate immune signaling is a molecular mechanism that identifies smoking-related breast cancers and underlies their enhanced malignancy. In contrast to acute exposure, chronic nicotine increased tumorigenicity and reprogrammed breast cancer cells to express innate immune response genes. This required the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, which elicited dynamic changes in cell differentiation, proliferation, and expression of secreted cytokines, such as S100A8 and S100A9, as assessed by unbiased scRNA-seq. Indeed, pharmacologic or genetic inhibition of S100A8/A9-RAGE receptor signaling blocked nicotine’s tumor-promoting effects. We also discovered Syntaphilin (SNPH) as an S100A8/A9-dependent gene enriched specifically in estrogen receptor-negative (ER-) cancers from former smokers, linking this response to patient disease. Together, our findings describe a new α7 nAChR-S100A8/A9-Syntaphilin immune signaling module that drives nicotine-induced tumor progression and distinguishes smoking-related patient disease as a distinct subset of aggressive breast cancers.
Influence of two different printing methods on the accuracy of full-guided implant insertion – a laboratory study in undergraduate dental students
Authors: Schulz Matthias C. , Krimmel Michael , Weismann Christina , Kaucher-Fernandez Pablo , Lethaus Bernd , Mann Nils Kristian 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Objectives
The aim of the present study was to compare the accuracy of fully guided implant insertion in vitro achieved by two fabrication methods in a cohort of undergraduates. We hypothesized that both methods achieve a comparable accuracy.

Methods
Surface scans and cone beam computed tomography images of 48 mandibular models were matched. For each model, two surgical guides enabling a fully guided implant insertion in the region of the first molar on the left or the right side were virtually designed. Fabrication by either Digital Light Processing (DLP) or Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) followed. Subsequently, 96 implants using the guides were inserted into the models by 48 undergraduate students. The accuracy of the implant insertion was assessed radiographically, followed by statistical analysis. Additionally, all participants completed a questionnaire.

Results
The implants inserted using guides made by DLP showed a higher accuracy compared to guides made by FFF. The mean three-dimensional deviation was 1.94 ± 1.05 vs. 3.35 ± 2.03 degrees (p < 0.001). The evaluation of the questionnaires revealed mainly theoretical knowledge and a pronounced interest in implant dentistry.

Discussion
The main hypothesis has to be rejected as there were statistically significant differences in accuracy. However, it is possible to teach students the principles of guided implant dentistry and the digital workflow. Furthermore, the initial and running costs for the FFF workflow are substantially lower enabling a higher practicability for undergraduate education.

Conclusion
Despite the lower accuracy of the templates made from FFF the method seems to be suitable for laboratory hands-on courses for undergraduates.
Isovitexin targets SIRT3 to prevent steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head by modulating mitophagy-mediated ferroptosis
Authors: Fan Yinuo , Chen Zhiwen , Wang Haixing , Jiang Mengyu , Lu Hongduo , Wei Yangwenxiang , Hu Yunhao , Mo Liang , Liu Yuhao , Zhou Chi , He Wei , Chen Zhenqiu 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The death of osteoblasts induced by glucocorticoid (GC)-mediated oxidative stress plays a crucial role in the development of steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head (SIONFH). Improving bone formation driven by osteoblasts has shown promising outcomes in the prognosis of SIONFH. Isovitexin has demonstrated antioxidant properties, but its therapeutic effects on GC-induced oxidative stress and SIONFH remain unexplored. In this study, we analyzed clinical samples obtained from SIONFH patients using proteomic and bioinformatic approaches. We found an imbalance in mitochondrial homeostasis and ferroptosis-induced impairment of osteogenic capacity in SIONFH. Subsequently, we investigated the cause-and-effect relationship between mitochondria and ferroptosis, as well as the regulatory role of mitophagy in maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis and controlling ferroptosis. We then identified the critical involvement of SIRT3 in modulating mitochondrial homeostasis and ferroptosis. Furthermore, molecular docking and co-immunoprecipitation confirmed the strong interaction between SIRT3 and BNIP3. Strikingly, restoring SIRT3 expression significantly inhibited pathological mitophagy mediated by the BNIP3/NIX pathway. Additionally, we discovered that Isovitexin, by promoting SIRT3 expression, effectively regulated mitophagy, preserved mitochondrial homeostasis in osteoblasts, suppressed ferroptosis, and restored osteogenic capacity, leading to remarkable improvements in SIONFH. These findings reveal the effects and molecular mechanisms of Isovitexin on SIONFH and highlight the potential of targeting SIRT3 as a promising strategy to suppress mitophagy-mediated ferroptosis in osteoblasts and against SIONFH.
Skeletal progenitor LRP1 deficiency causes severe and persistent skeletal defects with Wnt pathway dysregulation
Authors: Alhashmi Mohammad , Gremida Abdulrahman M. E. , Maharana Santosh K. , Antonaci Marco , Kerr Amy , Fu Shijian , Lunn Sharna , Turner David A. , Al-Maslamani Noor A. , Liu Ke , Meschis Maria M. , Sutherland Hazel , Wilson Peter , Clegg Peter , Wheeler Grant N. , van ‘t Hof Robert J. , Bou-Gharios George , Yamamoto Kazuhiro 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) is a multifunctional endocytic receptor whose dysfunction is linked to developmental dysplasia of the hip, osteoporosis and osteoarthritis. Our work addresses the critical question of how these skeletal pathologies emerge. Here, we show the abundant expression of LRP1 in skeletal progenitor cells at mouse embryonic stage E10.5 and onwards, especially in the perichondrium, the stem cell layer surrounding developing limbs essential for bone formation. Lrp1 deficiency in these stem cells causes joint fusion, malformation of cartilage/bone template and markedly delayed or lack of primary ossification. These abnormalities, which resemble phenotypes associated with Wnt signalling pathways, result in severe and persistent skeletal defects including a severe deficit in hip joint and patella, and markedly deformed and low-density long bones leading to dwarfism and impaired mobility. Mechanistically, we show that LRP1 regulates core non-canonical Wnt/planar cell polarity (PCP) components that may explain the malformation of long bones. LRP1 directly binds to Wnt5a, facilitates its cell-association and endocytic degradation and recycling. In the developing limbs, LRP1 partially colocalises with Wnt5a and its deficiency alters abundance and distribution of Wnt5a and Vangl2. Finally, using Xenopus as a model system, we show the regulatory role for LRP1 in Wnt/PCP signalling. We propose that in skeletal progenitors, LRP1 plays a critical role in formation and maturity of multiple bones and joints by regulating Wnt signalling, providing novel insights into the fundamental processes of morphogenesis and the emergence of skeletal pathologies.
Enhancer-driven Shh signaling promotes glia-to-mesenchyme transition during bone repair
Authors: Shen Xin , Zhang Hang , Song Zesheng , Dong Yangjiele , Ge Xiao , Jin Shenghao , Guo Songsong , Zhang Ping , Fu Yu , Zhu Yuchi , Xiao Na , Wang Dongmiao , Cheng Jie , Xu Rongyao , Jiang Hongbing 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Plp1-lineage Schwann cells (SCs) of peripheral nerve play a critical role in vascular remodeling and osteogenic differentiation during the early stage of bone healing, and the abnormal plasticity of SCs would jeopardize the bone regeneration. However, how Plp1-lineage cells respond to injury and initiate the vascularized osteogenesis remains incompletely understood. Here, by employing single-cell transcriptional profiling combined with lineage-specific tracing models, we uncover that Plp1-lineage cells undergoing injury-induced glia-to-MSCs transition contributed to osteogenesis and revascularization in the initial stage of bone injury. Importantly, our data demonstrated that the Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling was responsible for the transition process initiation, which was strongly activated by c-Jun/SIRT6/BAF170 complex-driven Shh enhancers. Collectively, these findings depict an injury-specific niche signal-mediated Plp1-lineage cells transition towards Gli1+ MSCs and may be instructive for approaches to promote bone regeneration during aging or other bone diseases.
ZBP1-mediated PANoptosis is a crucial lethal form in diverse keratinocyte death modalities in UVB-induced skin injury
Authors: Bi Xuechan , Li Min , Guo Yiming , Hu Mengyao , Chen Yujie , Lian Ni , Chen Sihan , Li Min , Gu Heng , Chen Xu 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
UVB irradiation induces diverse modalities of regulatory cell death in keratinocytes. Recently, the pattern of coexistence of pyroptosis, apoptosis, and necroptosis has been termed PANoptosis; however, whether PANoptosis occurs in keratinocytes in UVB-induced skin injury remains unclear. We observed that the key molecules of GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis, apoptosis, and necroptosis, which are N-terminal GSDMD, cleaved caspase-3/PARP, and phosphorylated MLKL, respectively, were elevated in keratinocytes of UVB-challenged mice and human skin tissue. Through keratinocyte-specific gene knockout or using corresponding inhibitors, we found that individual inhibition of GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis, caspase-3-mediated apoptosis, or MLKL-mediated necroptosis did not reduce the overall level of keratinocyte death after UVB exposure, and that the other two pathways maintained the activation. However, when the PANoptosome sensor ZBP1 was knocked out, keratinocyte death was reduced and epidermal thickening was alleviated in UVB-challenged mice. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that UVB irradiation induces ZBP1-mediated PANoptosis in keratinocytes, which is a crucial lethal form in diverse keratinocyte death modalities in UVB-induced skin injury. The above findings provide a new insight on the complexity of regulated cell death modalities in keratinocytes exposed to UV irradiation.