bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of distance traveled and speed of racing on body weight and serum enzyme activity of sled dogs competing in a long-distance race
Authors: Hinchcliff Kenneth W , Shaw Lisa C. , Vukich Nic S. , Schmidt Karin E. 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To determine the relationship of serum biochemical values and change in body weight with finishing status (retired from or finished the race), finishing order of a team, and distance traveled for dogs participating in a long-distance sled dog race.

Animals
262 of 848 dogs that participated in the 1995 Iditarod Trail sled dog race.

Design
Prospective study.

Procedure
Body weight was recorded for 261 dogs before the race and again when these dogs retired from or completed the race. Using a nonrandom convenience sample of participating dogs, blood samples were obtained from 151 dogs that retired from the race and 111 dogs that completed the race.

Results
Serum biochemical indices of skeletal muscle damage were significantly higher in dogs retiring during the first 500 miles of the race than in dogs retiring in the last 638 miles or finishing the race. Serum sodium concentration was less than the reference range in a significantly greater proportion of dogs that retired from the race than of dogs that completed the race. There was little relationship between finishing order and serum biochemical values. Dogs completing the race lost a mean of 8.9% of body weight, and amount of weight lost was not related to finishing order.

Clinical Implications
Results indicated that exertional rhabdomyolysis develops more often in dogs that retire during the initial 500 miles of a long-distance race, compared with dogs that complete the race. There is no detectable relationship between the speed with which the race is run (finishing order) and body weight loss or serum biochemical values. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1998;213:639-644)
Open-heart correction of tetralogy of Fallot in an acyanotic dog
Authors: Lew Linda J. , Fowler John D. , McKay Roxane , Egger Christine M. , Rosin Mark W. 
Published: December 2023

Palliative treatment of tetralogy of Fallot in dogs has included β-adrenergic blockers to reduce right ventricular obstruction secondary to infundibular spasm, creation of systemic to pulmonary artery shunts to increase pulmonary blood flow, or both.
Primary definitive open-heart repair is the preferred treatment in humans, but successful correction of defects in dogs is rare.
Adaptation of cannulation, perfusion, and myocardial protection techniques used for human pediatric cardiac patients may improve the success of cardiac surgery in dogs.
Open-heart correction of tetralogy of Fallot in dogs is an alternative that may be a superior therapeutic option.
Effect of tuberculosis on milk production in dairy cows
Authors: Hernandez Jorge , Baca Dan 
Published: December 2023

Objective—
To evaluate differences in milk production between cows with positive and negative caudal fold tuberculin test results in a Mycobacterium bovis-infected dairy herd.

Design—
Cross-sectional epidemiologic survey.

Animals—
369 Holstein cows with lactation duration between 200 and 360 days.

Procedure—
The caudal fold tuberculin test was performed. Information on milk production data, parity, calving season, days of lactation, previous milk production, and whether cows had clinical mastitis was obtained from farm records. Composite milk samples were collected and submitted for bacterial culture.

Results—
170 cows had positive tuberculin test results, and 199 had negative results. Cows with positive test results produced less milk (mean, 347 kg [763 lb]) than did cows with negative test results after adjusting for variables biologically related to milk production. Calving season (spring, summer) was significantly associated with reduced milk production. Cows with clinical mastitis produced less milk than did cows without clinical mastitis, but the difference was not statistically significant in the multiple regression analysis.

Clinical Implications—
In this herd, tuberculosis was associated with a 4% decrease in milk production. Milk production losses per cow attributable to calving season (spring, summer) were 3 times those attributable to tuberculosis. However, because of the high prevalence of tuberculosis in this herd, the impact of tuberculosis on total herd milk production was an additional cause for concern. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1998;213:851-854)
Laparoscopic diagnosis of subcapsular splenic hematoma in a horse
Authors: Mehl Margo L. , Ragle Claude A. , Mealey Robert H. , Whooten Thomas L. 
Published: December 2023

Splenic trauma is a serious, often life-threatening condition in horses.
Laparoscopy permits direct observation of the spleen and determination of the location and extent of any lesions, making diagnosis of splenic trauma easier.
Laparoscopy may help clinicians choose between splenectomy and conservative treatment for horses with splenic trauma.
Results of bone scintigraphy in horses used for show jumping, hunting, or eventing: 141 cases (1988-1994)
Authors: Ehrlich Paula J. , Seeherman Howard J. , O'Callaghan Michael W. , Dohoo Ian R. , Brimacombe Michael 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To determine anatomic patterns and clinical importance of increased radiopharmaceutical uptake in bones of horses used for show jumping, hunting, and eventing.

Design
Retrospective study.

Animals
141 horses evaluated because of lameness.

Procedure
Medical records were reviewed, and information on results of physical examination, radiography, and scintigraphy were obtained. Scintigrams were evaluated to identify areas of increased radiopharmaceutical uptake.

Results
834 areas of increased radiopharmaceutical uptake were identified. Scintigraphy of the vertebral column was performed in 78 horses, and 50 had areas of increased radiopharmaceutical uptake involving the spinous processes. Scintigraphy of the proximal phalanx of the forelimb was performed in 88 horses. Similarly, scintigraphy of the proximal phalanx of the hind limb was performed in 99 horses, and scintigrams of 374 proximal phalanges were available for review. One hundred fifty-five scintigrams had areas of increased radiopharmaceutical uptake. Scintigraphy of the tarsal joint was performed in 99 horses, and scintigrams of 198 joints were available for review. Eighty-five had areas of increased radiopharmaceutical uptake. Overall, 214 of 834 areas of increased radiopharmaceutical uptake were definitively associated with lameness.

Clinical Implications
Results of this study suggest that jumping creates unique stresses on the bones of horses. The distinctive patterns of increased radiopharmaceutical uptake identified in this study suggest that horses used for jumping may have a predilection to develop orthopedic disease at specific sites distinct from those in racehorses. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1998;213:1460-1467)
Interlocking nail treatment of diaphyseal long-bone fractures in dogs
Authors: Dueland R. Tass , Johnson Kenneth A. , Roe Simon C. , Engen Mark H. , Lesser Arnold S. 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To determine results of using interlocking nails (IN) for fixation of diaphyseal long bone fractures in dogs.

Design
Multi-center prospective clinical trial.

Animals
134 dogs with diaphyseal fractures of the femur (n = 92), tibia (23), or humerus (19); 11 had previous unsuccessful treatments, and 103 had comminuted fractures of which 70 were classified as unstable.

Procedure
All fractures were stabilized with 6- or 8-mm-diameter IN with 3.5- or 4.5-mm screws, respectively. Cerclage wires and an autogenous bone graft were used at the surgeon's discretion. Participating surgeons provided information on age, sex, weight, and breed of the dog, details of the surgery, details of any intra- or postoperative complications, fracture healing time, and limb function.

Results
Eight dogs were lost to follow-up evaluation. In 105 of the remaining 126 dogs (83%), fractures healed without complications. For these 105 dogs, limb function was excellent (n = 90), good (12), fair (2), and poor (1). Complications developed for 21 dogs (17%); limb function after additional treatment was excellent (n = 10), good (2), fair (5), poor (1), or unreported (3). Interlocking nails broke in 9 dogs; breakage was attributed to fatigue failure because of use of too small an IN or because of insertion of the IN so that a screw hole was positioned at the fracture site.

Clinical Implications
The high success rate and low complication rate suggest that IN can be used to stabilize diaphyseal fractures in dogs. Good technique is necessary for optimal results. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1999;214:59–66).
Sedation with xylazine and lumbosacral epidural administration of lidocaine and xylazine for umbilical surgery in calves
Authors: Lewis Colleen A. , Constable Peter D. , Huhn John C. , Morin Dawn E. 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To determine whether anesthesia consisting of sedation induced by intramuscular administration of xylazine hydrochloride and lumbosacral analgesia induced by epidural administration of lidocaine and xylazine is useful for umbilical surgery in neonatal calves.

Design
Prospective study.

Animals
6 neonatal male dairy calves.

Procedure
Calves were sedated with xylazine (0.1 mg/kg [0.045 mg/lb] of body weight, IM), and 5 minutes later a 2% solution of lidocaine (0.18 to 0.24 ml/kg [0.08 to 0.11 ml/lb]) and xylazine (0.05 mg/kg [0.022 mg/lb]) were administered into the lumbosacral epidural space. Calves were positioned in dorsal recumbency, and the umbilical structures were resected. Local infusion of lidocaine, cranial to the umbilicus, was required in 5 of 6 calves to provide adequate analgesia. Xylazine sedation was reversed with tolazoline (1 mg/kg [0.45 mg/lb], IV).

Results
Calves maintained adequate cardiac output and oxygen delivery throughout the procedure but were hypotensive. Reversal of xylazine-induced sedation with tolazoline caused transient sinus bradycardia and sinus arrest, accompanied by severe systemic arterial hypotension. All calves regained a suckle reflex within 10 minutes and were able to stand within 90 minutes.

Clinical Implications
Intramuscular administration of xylazine for sedation and epidural administration of lidocaine and xylazine for analgesia failed to provide satisfactory analgesia for umbilical resection without supplemental local infiltration of lidocaine. The anesthetic protocol is most useful when respiratory compromise or cost are concerns and the surgical procedure can be completed in < 1 hour. Caution should be exercised when tolazoline is administered intravenously to reverse xylazine-induced sedation in calves. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1999;214:89–95)
Prevalence of lesions and body condition scores among female swine at slaughter
Authors: Ritter Larry A. , Xue JinLiang , Dial Gary D. , Morrison Robert B. , Marsh William E. 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To determine prevalence of foot lesions, dermatitis, shoulder lesions, mammary gland abnormalities, and visceral lesions, and body condition scores among culled female swine at slaughter.

Design
Observational study.

Animals
Culled gilts and sows killed during a 1-week period at a Midwest slaughterhouse.

Procedure
Carcasses were examined, and lesions were recorded. Body condition was scored on the basis of standard criteria.

Results
58.9% (1,029/1,747) of the carcasses had foot lesions, 67.3% (1,178/1,751) had dermatitis, and 4.6% (80/1,751) had shoulder lesions. Body condition score was significantly associated with detection of dermatitis and shoulder lesions. Mean ± SE number of teats (n = 1,432 carcasses) was 13.86 ± 0.02. Mean numbers of normal-appearing teats in the left and right mammary chains were 6.57 ± 0.02 and 6.58 ± 0.02, respectively. Feet from 48% (688/1,433) of the carcasses were condemned. Visceral lesions were found in 48.8% (624/1,278) of the carcasses; of the carcasses with lesions, 412 (66%) had liver spots, and 268 (42.9%) had pneumonia.

Clinical Implications
Lesions that potentially could have adversely affected production were found in a large percentage of culled gilts and sows at slaughter. Knowledge of lesions commonly found at slaughter may help direct changes in herd health programs. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1999;214:525–528)
Use of a water hardness test kit to measure serum calcium concentration in cattle
Authors: Matsas David J. , Warnick Lorin D. , Mechor Gerald D. , Seib Laverne N. , Fatone Sandra , White Maurice E. , Guard Charles L. 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To determine whether a commercially available water hardness test kit could be used to measure total serum calcium concentration and diagnose hypocalcemia in dairy cows.

Design
Prospective study.

Animals
30 dairy cows from 19 commercial herds.

Procedure
Serum calcium concentration was determined using a water hardness test kit and a standard, laboratory-based method. Simple linear regression was used to determine whether there was a linear relationship between results of the 2 methods, and Spearman's rank correlation was used to calculate correlation between measurements. Sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values of using test kit-derived values for diagnosis of hypocalcemia (laboratory value < 8 mg/dl) were calculated.

Results
There was a high correlation and significant linear relationship between results of the 2 methods. Sensitivity, specificity, predictive value of a positive test result, and predictive value of a negative test result were 100, 73, 86, and 100%, respectively. Accuracy was improved by using a test kit-derived calcium concentration of 7 mg/dl as the cut-off for determining hypocalcemia.

Clinical Implications
Results indicate that a commercially available water hardness test kit can be used as a rapid, inexpensive method of estimating serum calcium concentrations and diagnosing hypocalcemia in dairy cattle. However, the test is not practical for cow-side use, because blood samples must be centrifuged to obtain serum for use in the test kit. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1999;214:826–828)
Neodymium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser-assisted excision of progressive ethmoid hematomas in horses: 20 cases (1986–1996)
Authors: Rothaug Paul G. , Tulleners Eric P. 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To describe a technique of contact neodymium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Nd:YAG) laser-assisted excision of progressive ethmoid hematoma (PEH) in horses, to determine the recurrence rate of clinical signs of PEH in horses with follow-up time of a minimum of 12 months, and to compare this result with reported results achieved by using conventional techniques.

Design
Retrospective study.

Animals
21 horses with 26 PEH.

Procedure
Medical records of all horses with PEH treated by Nd:YAG laser excision from December 1986 through August 1996 were analyzed. Twenty-one horses underwent unilateral (18 surgeries) or bilateral (4) frontonasal bone flap with excision of the mass, using an Nd:YAG laser. One horse with bilateral PEH underwent a unilateral bone flap twice, 1 year apart.

Results
1 horse died. Four of 20 horses with follow-up times of 12 months or longer had recurrence of PEH. The PEH recurrence rate was 20% (5/25 PEH). Three of 6 horses with bilateral lesions had recurrence of PEH. Recurrence rate for horses that had bilateral PEH (3/6 horses) was greater than for horses with unilateral PEH (1/14 horses).

Clinical Implications
Treatment of PEH by Nd:YAG laser excision through a frontonasal bone flap results in a recurrence rate comparable with that reported for conventional techniques. Horses with bilateral lesions are more likely to have a recurrence of PEH. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1999;214:1037–1041)
Estimation of lifetime productivity of female swine
Authors: Lucia Thomaz , Dial Gary D. , Marsh William E. 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To develop estimates of lifetime productivity for breeding female swine calculated longitudinally during time in the breeding herd, and to compare estimates of lifetime productivity for female swine removed from the herd at different parities.

Design
Retrospective cohort study.

Animals
9,416 breeding female swine from 29 herds.

Procedure
A frequency distribution for parity at the time of removal was generated. Estimates of lifetime productivity (lifetime nonproductive days [NPD], lifetime NPD as a proportion of herd life, total number of pigs born per litter weaned, number of pigs born alive per litter weaned, number of pigs weaned per litter weaned, number of NPD per year in the herd, number of litters weaned per year in the herd, and number of pigs weaned per year in the herd) were calculated for females with parity ≥ 1 at the time of removal.

Results
For 58% of all females, parity at the time of removal was ≤ 3. On average, 20.7% of herd life was spent in nonproductive activities, but the proportion of herd life that was nonproductive decreased significantly as parity at the time of removal increased. Number of NPD per year in the herd decreased and number of litters weaned per year in the herd and number of pigs weaned per year in the herd increased significantly as parity at the time of removal increased.

Clinical Implications
Higher parity at the time of removal from the herd is associated with improved lifetime productivity for female swine. Parity at time of removal is commonly used as an approximation for lifetime productivity, but it does not take into account the impact of NPD, especially NPD during early reproductive cycles. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1999;214: 1056–1059)
Risk factors for abomasal displacement in dairy cows
Authors: Rohrbach Barton W. , Cannedy Allen L. , Freeman Kim , Slenning Barrett D. 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To determine whether various peripar-turient events or 305-day milk production during the previous lactation period were associated with abomasal displacement in dairy cows.

Design
Retrospective, case-control study.

Animals
75 pairs of case and control cows from 3 university-owned and 3 commercial dairy herds.

Procedure
Cows with abomasal displacement were matched with control cows on the basis of herd of origin, breed, age, and calving date. Frequency of specific periparturient events during the period from 2 weeks prior to parturition to diagnosis of abomasal displacement, as well as milk production during the preceding lactation period, were compared between case and control cows.

Results
Multivariate analyses indicated that case cows were significantly more likely to have had retained placenta, ketosis, a stillborn calf, metritis, twins, or parturient paresis than were control cows. Dystocia, mastitis, and milk production during the previous lactation period were not associated with abomasal displacement.

Clinical Implications
Results indicated that a variety of periparturient events were associated with development of abomasal displacement among dairy cows. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1999;214:1660-1663)
Chronic granulocytic leukemia in a dog
Authors: Fine Deborah M. , Tvedten Harold W. 
Published: December 2023

Chronic granulocytic leukemia is an uncommon myeloproliferative disorder that results in substantial proliferation of mature granulocytes.
Because the severe leukocytosis and left shift observed with chronic granulocytic leukemia may strongly resemble a leukemoid reaction, other causes of severe leukocytosis must be ruled out.
Myeloid cellular infiltrations may cause hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, or nonregenerative anemia and thrombocytopenia.
Commonly, results of serum biochemical analyses are only minimally altered or within reference ranges and clinical signs are nonspecific.
Effect of oral administration of a calcium chloride gel on blood mineral concentrations, parturient disorders, reproductive performance, and milk production of dairy cows with retained fetal membranes
Authors: Hernandez Jorge , Risco Carlos A. , Elliott Jessie B. 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To assess the effect of oral administration of CaCl2 gel on blood mineral concentrations, parturient disorders, reproductive performance, and milk production of dairy cows with retained fetal membranes (RFM).

Design
Randomized field trial.

Animals
20 cows that calved normally and were not treated with CaCl2 gel (group 1), 20 cows with RFM that were treated with CaCl2 gel (group 2), and 20 cows with RFM that were not treated with CaCl2 gel (group 3).

Procedure
Group-2 cows were treated orally with CaCl2 gel (54 g of calcium) 24 and 48 hours after parturition.

Results
Administration of CaCl2 gel 24 and 48 hours after parturition did not have a significant effect on serum normalized calcium, total calcium, magnesium, or phosphorus concentrations or on incidence of metritis or left displacement of the abomasum, days to first insemination, pregnancy status after first insemination, or milk production.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance
Administration of CaCl2 gel 24 and 48 hours after parturition did not have significant effect on blood mineral concentrations, parturient disorders, reproductive performance, and milk production in dairy cows with RFM. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1999;215:72-76)
Assessment of degree of oxidative stress and antioxidant concentrations in dogs with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy
Authors: Freeman Lisa M. , Brown Don J. , Rush John E. 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To assess degree of oxidative stress and antioxidant concentrations in dogs with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (IDCM).

Design
Prospective study.

Animals
18 dogs with IDCM and 16 healthy control dogs.

Procedure
Concentrations of malondialdehyde (an indicator of oxidative stress); vitamins A, C, and E; glutathione peroxidase; and superoxide dismutase were measured.

Results
Glutathione peroxidase concentration was significantly increased in dogs with IDCM, compared with control dogs. Vitamin A and superoxide dismutase concentrations were not significantly different between groups. A negative correlation was found between disease severity and plasma vitamin E concentration. Disease severity was not correlated with concentrations of other antioxidants. Medications did not significantly affect oxidant or antioxidant concentrations.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance
The change in glutathione peroxidase concentration and the correlation between vitamin E concentration and disease severity suggest that the oxidant-antioxidant system may play a role in development of IDCM. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1999;215:644–646)