bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Q&A
Authors: Heller Cheryl , Amatullo Mariana , Barnum Jeff , Ogbu Liz , Tonkinwise Cameron 
Published: November 2023

As the founding chair of the first MFA program in design for social innovation, this educator hopes to encourage the many people who want to work at a strategic level using design to solve humanity's major challenges.Amatullo has built a career by encouraging designers and social innovators to use empathy, connect multiple perspectives, and tolerate ambiguity as a secret weapon in solving humanity's most complex problems.Having grown up in the arts, this social innovation strategist wants to apply the creative process to systemic social change.This strategist for social change has done everything from designing shelters for immigrant day laborers in the US to providing sanitation for low‐income Kenyans.Now teaching at Carnegie Mellon University's School of Design, this champion of sustainability in design and design strategy has plenty to say about social transformation and its role in disruptive innovation.
A little on the nose: A mosquito targets the nostrils of tree frogs for a blood meal
Authors: Gould John , Valdez Jose W. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAs the females of most mosquitoes require a blood meal to provision their eggs, they can be a vector of parasites and pathogens that have profound impacts on both animal and human populations. Understanding the interactions between mosquitoes and their hosts, including animal and feeding site preferences, could thus provide valuable insights into disease transmission. In this study, we present a highly specific feeding strategy observed in a mosquito from Australia (Mimomyia elegans). Over 3 years of fieldwork, we found this mosquito feeding exclusively on the nostrils when using several amphibian species as hosts. Mosquitoes were observed initially landing on the backs of hosts before walking towards the nostrils, potentially minimizing detection and mitigating the risk of predation or defensive responses. This remarkable level of feeding site specificity suggests strong selection pressures that are causing the nostril to be the optimal location for blood extraction on amphibians. Possible explanations include the presence of thinner, more accessible skin tissue or enhanced vascular properties in the nostril region. Understanding mosquito host preferences, points of contact and feeding site specificity could provide valuable insights into disease transmission among amphibians, as mosquitoes have been identified as potential vectors of pathogens like the amphibian chytrid fungus.
A synthesis of the diversity of freshwater fish migrations in the Amazon basin
Authors: Herrera‐R Guido A. , Heilpern Sebastian A. , Couto Thiago B. A. , Victoria‐Lacy Lulu , Duponchelle Fabrice , Correa Sandra B. , Farah‐Pérez Aldo , López‐Casas Silvia , Cañas‐Alva Carlos M. , Doria Carolina R. C. , Anderson Elizabeth P. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn the Amazon, the world's largest river basin, migrations within freshwater habitats are one of the predominant life history strategies for fishes. The flood pulse and the extensive river network provide aquatic organisms with temporal and spatial accessibility to a mosaic of freshwater habitats. Although migratory fish species are central to freshwater ecosystems and fisheries, the knowledge of species and migratory patterns has traditionally relied on anecdotal and scattered information, lacking a unifying methodological and conceptual framework. We quantitatively synthesize the evidence about this biological phenomenom in the Amazon basin through a systematic literature review. We constructed a reference database of migratory events in the Amazon basin, including species, life stages, purposes, direction, habitats and subbasins. We found that 223 species were documented in 90 references as performing migrations distributed across eight orders and 31 families. Migration is a conserved trait in the evolutionary history of Amazonian fish fauna, suggesting that ~41% of migratory species are likely unreported. We noted a geographical bias in the report of migratory events towards 13 of the 27 major subbasins of the Amazon. We found a significant association between the hydrological timing at the beginning and end of migrations across species, including reproduction as the most commonly reported purpose. However, most species lack the application of robust methods (e.g. telemetry, otolith microchemistry) to classify them as migratory, relying upon secondary sources of information (i.e. reviews or species checklists). Further, we discuss future opportunities and challenges to continue the study of fish migrations in the Amazon basin.
Gender inclusion and family science: Perspectives of undergraduate males on family science
Authors: Langlais Michael R. , Looz Ariana , Vaterlaus J. Mitchell , Walker Anthony 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe current study extends research on the lack of male enrollment in undergraduate family science courses by examining the perspectives of male students who have never enrolled in these courses.BackgroundAlthough interpersonal and family relationships include all genders, the majority of undergraduate family science courses are primarily comprised of female students.MethodOne hundred ten male undergraduate students from two universities answered open‐ended questions regarding why they had not enrolled in an undergraduate family science course.ResultsQualitative results revealed three themes: institutional constraints, gender stereotypes and gendered field of study, and lack of interest.ConclusionThe qualitative information provided by students is reflective of other studies examining gendered experiences in undergraduate settings but contradict some of the tenets of social role theory.ImplicationsThese results infer practical suggestions to promote male enrollment in undergraduate family science courses.
The impact of monolingual language policies on the multilingual language ecology of Sri Lanka
Authors: Rajapakse Agra 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis qualitative study examined the role of different languages used in the country in the lives of 12 participants from the four main ethnic groups of Sri Lanka (i.e., Sinhalese, Tamil, Muslim, and Burgher). It sought to understand how monolingual language policies have impacted upon the country's plurilingual language ecology. The study examined the language ideologies of participants to understand how structures of social power have worked through monolingual language policies to influence and shape their language behaviors and practices. While the impact that language policies have had on different Sri Lankan languages has been examined, no study has analyzed it through the point of view of language ideologies of actual speakers of different languages. The observations made by the participants show that the monolingual ideologies of the language policies of 1832 and 1956, by assigning sole official language status to English and Sinhala respectively, have caused them to gain dominance and diminished the status of other languages, thereby altering the plurilingual language ecology of Sri Lanka. Their observations also showed how the 1956 policy's establishment of Sinhala as the dominant language within the language ecology of the country had elevated the position of the majority community—the Sinhalese, and strengthened the power of the then government which had ridden into power through the Sinhalese majority vote. The analysis of data also indicated that, although the 1956 policy was implemented with the aim of dismantling the structures of power introduced during colonial rule, both policies have served to support and reinforce a social hierarchy based on a Western model. What the data revealed about the role that the two monolingual language policies of 1832 and 1956 seem to have played in establishing and reinforcing the dominance of Sinhala and English respectively, suggest that although political subjugation of the country by European powers has officially ended, Sri Lanka continues to operate within the structures of power established during colonial times.
Integrating Sustainability Into Capital Markets: Bloomberg LP And ESG's Quantitative Legitimacy
Authors: Park Andrew , Ravenel Curtis 
Published: November 2023

The rise in prominence of environmental, social, and governance data has been driven in large part by a growing interest among investors who seek to gain an edge through the incorporation of such data in their investment decision‐making. There are, however, several significant obstacles to the integration of ESG data into mainstream investing analysis. Perhaps most important, while finance today is a fundamentally quantitative discipline, ESG is often qualitative. Moreover, the ESG data that is available is incomplete and inconsistent, due largely to a reliance on voluntary reporting by individual companies. In short, ESG has not yet earned its quantitative legitimacy in the eyes of the investor community.Nevertheless, recent work in the area of stranded asset values has provided Bloomberg LP, a leading provider of financial data and analytics, an opportunity to “bridge theory and practice” by translating the stranded assets framework into a first‐cut valuation tool designed for mainstream financial analysts. The tool offers a quantitative introduction to an ESG issue that the authors believe will eventually become an important focus of many investment decision‐makers' analysis. While the tool continues to evolve in analytical sophistication, the authors “preview” it here in its early form as one step towards Bloomberg's broader vision of “sustainable finance,” and the company's role in supporting the quantitative maturation of ESG through the twin engines of standardization and disclosure.
Global Drivers of and Local Resistance to French Shareholder Activism
Authors: Girard Carine , Gates Stephen 
Published: November 2023

Shareholder activism in France has made significant advances during the past 25 years even as it continues to face formidable sources of local resistance. But if the list of corporate governance improvements since 1989 described by the authors might lead one to conclude that France now has minority shareholder protection and shareholder activism comparable to those of the U.S. or U.K., powerful local interests, including much of French management, labor, and government, continue to mount effective resistance to such forces for change. The French government still works closely with French business elites and unions to manage both individual companies and the general economy. And government officials continue to speak publicly of “protecting” French firms from “illegitimate” foreign shareholders.Accordingly, the authors characterize French corporate governance as a “hybrid” model of shareholder activism, one that incorporates the perspectives and interests of the classic French stakeholder model as well as an emerging shareholder value movement. Although foreign institutional investors have increased their shareholdings in French companies and promoted “best practice” governance rules, particularly with respect to voting rights, local forces will continue to resist aggressive shareholder activism. Such a hybrid model makes the outcomes of shareholder activism less predictable, a risk that foreign investors and companies often respond to by seeking alliances with local proxy advisers and investor associations to gain “legitimacy.”
Development and evaluation of a list of high‐risk inpatient procedures in patients 65 years and older
Authors: Shah Samir K. , Xiang Lingwei , Manful Adoma , Shah Mihir M. , Sharma Gaurav , Adler Rachel R. , Weissman Joel S. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundInpatient procedures are common and important health events for older Americans. To facilitate surgical outcomes research, we sought to create and evaluate lists of International Classification of Disease, Tenth Revision (ICD‐10) codes for high‐risk inpatient procedures, defined as having at least a 1% inpatient mortality.MethodsThis retrospective national cohort study analyzes Medicare claims from 2018 for patients 65 years and older undergoing inpatient procedures. Surgical Diagnosis Related Group (DRG) codes in the inpatient claims were used to identify procedures. We identified the primary ICD‐10 procedure code for each patient and then compiled all codes with at least a 1% inpatient mortality yielding three separate lists: one list that was blind to elective versus urgent/emergent status, and one each for urgent/emergent and elective procedures. Clinical review by three surgeons was used to remove procedures unlikely to be the proximate cause of mortality. For evaluation, we examined the mortality of each code among fee‐for‐service Medicare beneficiaries in 2017, 2019, and 2020 to determine how many of these satisfied the 1% mortality criterion.ResultsThis study included 2,241,419 patients from 2018 undergoing inpatient procedures. The final result included 231 (blind to elective vs urgent/emergent status), 167 (urgent/emergent status), and 119 (elective status) ICD‐10 procedure codes for the three lists. Our evaluation from 2017, 2019, and 2020 demonstrated that in our master list, which was blind to elective versus urgent/emergent status, 97.8% of procedures had an inpatient mortality of at least 1%. In our high‐risk procedures lists for urgent/emergent and elective procedures, 100% and 94.1% of codes met this requirement.ConclusionsWe developed and evaluated lists of ICD‐10 codes representing high‐risk procedures in patients 65 years and older. These lists will be powerful tools for researchers studying surgical outcomes.
Sphenomandibular ligament and degenerating Meckel's cartilage revisited: Sequential variations with temporal bone deformity for ligament attachment in near‐term human fetuses
Authors: Jin Zhe‐Wu , Honkura Yohei , Yamamoto Masahito , Hayashi Shogo , Murakami Gen , Abe Hiroshi , Rodríguez‐Vázquez José Francisco 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe sphenomandibular ligament (SML) is considered to originate from Meckel's cartilage (MC). However, no study has examined how the os goniale contributes to SML development.MethodsSemiserial histological sections of heads from 18 near‐term fetuses at 27–40 weeks of gestation were examined.ObservationsThe os goniale and the anterior process of the malleus (AP) provided a long, bar‐like membranous bone complex that passed through the petrotympanic and tympanosquamosal fissures. Notably, the AP–goniale complex is sometimes elongated inferiorly to join the SML (n = 4 specimens). Along the complex in the bone fissures, a degenerating MC was often present (n = 12). With (n = 6) or without (n = 3) the MC remnant, the tympanic bone (TYB) protruded inferomedially near the tympanosquamosal fissure, and it sometimes continued to a cartilaginous SML (n = 3). The temporal bone squamosa or petrosa provided a similar bony process approaching the SML. The middle meningeal artery often ran between the sphenoid and petrosa.ConclusionsMost of the specimens (n = 15) exhibited a sequential change from a cartilaginous SML as a continuation of the MC remnant to the ligament after the disappearance of the cartilage. The degenerating MC appeared to cause transformation from the AP–goniale complex and/or TYB to “another ligament” that replaced the usual SML at the upper part. Near the MC remnant, a similar transformation was also suggested on the squamosa or petrosa. The sphenoid spine appeared to originate often from the sphenoid ala major but sometimes from the TYB.
Antecedents and outcome of mindful buying
Authors: Mathur Anil , Moschis George P. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractMany scholars have examined how people implement principles of mindfulness in their day‐to‐day consumption activities. Because buying in most cases precedes consumption, the present research builds a model of antecedents of mindful buying. Based on multi‐theoretical perspectives, the model posits four key variables as antecedents of mindful buying: environmental activism (self‐concept theory and collective interest model), duration of concern about the environment (life course perspective), and media and personal sources as socialization agents. The model proposes that these antecedent variables would have direct effects on mindful buying as well as indirect effect through attitudes toward the environment. The model also posits positive health outcomes of mindful buying. Using a demographically diverse sample (N = 629, females = 51.7%), regression models were used to test for direct and indirect effects of antecedent variables on mindful buying. Findings of these analyzes find support for the model. Implications for theory development, public policy and practice are also discussed.
Cryolipolysis: The future of cryolipolysis
Authors: Murphrey Morgan , Garibyan Lilit 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundCryolipolysis has revolutionized the field of cosmetic dermatology as a nonsurgical procedure, utilizing controlled cooling to selectively destroy fat cells.Aims and methodsThis review article will focus on the future prospects of cryolipolysis, considering advancements in current technology as well as innovations that hold promise for the future. We will explore emerging trends in cryolipolysis, considering novel applicator designs, combination therapies, an innovative injectable treatment approach, and the evolving role of this technology in the field of cosmetic dermatology.ConclusionThe future holds promise for advances in cryolipolysis using both the noninvasive topical cooling approach and the novel injectable ice‐slurry technology.
Public charge, legal estrangement, and renegotiating situational trust in the US healthcare safety net
Authors: Van Natta Meredith 
Published: November 2023

AbstractUS immigration law increasingly excludes many immigrants materially and symbolically from vital safety-net resources. Existing scholarship has emphasized the public charge rule as a key mechanism for enacting these exclusionary trends, but less is known about how recent public charge uncertainty has shaped how noncitizens and healthcare workers negotiate safety-net resources. Drawing on ethnographic observations and interviews with 80 safety-net workers and patients in three US states from 2015 to 2020, I argue that intensifying anti-immigrant rhetoric surrounding public charge has extended a sense of surveillance into clinical spaces in previously unexamined ways. Drawing on theories of medical legal violence, system avoidance, and legal estrangement, I demonstrate how these dynamics undermined immigrants' health chances and compromised clinic workers' efforts to facilitate care. I also reveal how participants responded to this insinuation of legal violence in healthcare spaces by promoting situational trust in specific procedures and institutions.
Tort tales and total justice: Exploring attitudes toward everyday tort claims for workplace injuries
Authors: Barnes Jeb , Hevron Parker , Menounou Elli 
Published: November 2023

AbstractDespite some retrenchment, the litigation state remains alive and well. All this litigation has engendered intense debates over whether increased lawsuits represent a rising tide of justice or a flood of frivolous claims. Tort law has been at the center of these debates for decades, standing at the fault line between “tort tale,” “total justice,” and “mixed” narratives about the perils and benefits of litigation. In this article, we use a survey experiment to probe attitudes toward claims for workplace injuries in light of these narratives. We find that our participants held multifaceted views. On one hand, they favored making claims over doing nothing or asking family members for help and saw lawsuits as equally appropriate as filing a government claim or hiring a lawyer to send a demand letter. On the other hand, tort tale themes cast a subtle shadow over our participants' views. When told claimants did not rush to the courts in defiance of tort tale expectations, our participants saw the lawsuit as more justified. Indeed, the more remedies exhausted prior to litigation, the more justifiable the lawsuit seemed, even though repeated denials of claims might undermine faith in their merits. The bottom line, we contend, is that attitudes toward litigation reflect not only the choice of remedy but also how remedies are used, even when the underlying claim is meritorious—a point that could be useful to practitioners and advocates as they weigh claiming options as well as litigation and public communication strategies.
Some vices of vice epistemology
Authors: Cassam Quassim 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe actual or potential epistemic vices of a given discipline or field of study are its disciplinary vices. This paper identifies three actual or potential disciplinary vices of vice epistemology. Vice epistemology explains people's epistemic misconduct by reference to their supposed epistemic vices. Such vice explanations are contrasted with attempts to achieve Verstehen of people's epistemic conduct and understand it from their point of view. Although vice explanations do not preclude Verstehen, vice epistemology is in danger of overlooking alternatives to its preferred mode of explanation. In some cases, Verstehen calls into question the assumption that a person is guilty of epistemic misconduct. Vice explanations also risk attaching insufficient weight to politico‐strategic factors in the explanation of political action. Care needs to be taken by vice epistemologists to avoid intellectual myopia, political naivety, and overconfidence in attributing vices.
Allelic variations of WAK106‐E2Fa‐DPb1‐UGT74E2 module regulate fibre properties in Populus tomentosa
Authors: Wang Dan , Quan Mingyang , Qin Shitong , Fang Yuanyuan , Xiao Liang , Qi Weina , Jiang Yongsen , Zhou Jiaxuan , Gu Mingyue , Guan Yicen , Du Qingzhang , Liu Qing , El‐Kassaby Yousry A. , Zhang Deqiang 
Published: November 2023

SummaryWood formation, intricately linked to the carbohydrate metabolism pathway, underpins the capacity of trees to produce renewable resources and offer vital ecosystem services. Despite their importance, the genetic regulatory mechanisms governing wood fibre properties in woody plants remain enigmatic. In this study, we identified a pivotal module comprising 158 high‐priority core genes implicated in wood formation, drawing upon tissue‐specific gene expression profiles from 22 Populus samples. Initially, we conducted a module‐based association study in a natural population of 435 Populus tomentosa, pinpointing PtoDPb1 as the key gene contributing to wood formation through the carbohydrate metabolic pathway. Overexpressing PtoDPb1 led to a 52.91% surge in cellulose content, a reduction of 14.34% in fibre length, and an increment of 38.21% in fibre width in transgenic poplar. Moreover, by integrating co‐expression patterns, RNA‐sequencing analysis, and expression quantitative trait nucleotide (eQTN) mapping, we identified a PtoDPb1‐mediated genetic module of PtoWAK106‐PtoDPb1‐PtoE2Fa‐PtoUGT74E2 responsible for fibre properties in Populus. Additionally, we discovered the two PtoDPb1 haplotypes that influenced protein interaction efficiency between PtoE2Fa‐PtoDPb1 and PtoDPb1‐PtoWAK106, respectively. The transcriptional activation activity of the PtoE2Fa‐PtoDPb1 haplotype‐1 complex on the promoter of PtoUGT74E2 surpassed that of the PtoE2Fa‐PtoDPb1 haplotype‐2 complex. Taken together, our findings provide novel insights into the regulatory mechanisms of fibre properties in Populus, orchestrated by PtoDPb1, and offer a practical module for expediting genetic breeding in woody plants via molecular design.