bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Allegations against foster carers: an in‐depth study
Authors: Minty Brian , Bray Sheila 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis report is a small, in‐depth, descriptive study of allegations of maltreatment made against 22 foster carers, based on semi‐structured interviews with the foster carers, 18 family placement officers and all principal family placement officers in six local authorities in the North of England. Less than 10% (in fact, 2/22) of the allegations were eventually substantiated (i.e. found to be true on investigation) and roughly a quarter (six) were found to be untrue. The remainder were either pronounced ‘unsubstantiated’ (i.e. ‘unproven’—eight cases) or were not proceeded with (two) or never reached a conclusion (four). Less than a quarter of the children at the centre of the allegations remained in placement by the end of the investigation. Two‐thirds of the foster carers continued to foster. Seven (32%) of the carers had previously had allegations made against them. In three cases there was a second allegation of sexual abuse. In one of these the current outcome was ‘founded’, and in a second this probably would have been the outcome had the case not been dropped after the foster father's suicide. In certain respects foster carers seem to be judged more severely than birth parents, and they were almost routinely denied aspects of natural justice accorded birth parents, such as being clearly informed in writing of the allegation made against them and, subsequently, of the outcome of the investigation. Nor were they permitted to put their side of the story at case conferences and other serious incident meetings. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Safety and efficacy of the perclose suture–mediated closure device after diagnostic and interventional catheterizations in a large consecutive population
Authors: Kahn Zalman M. , Kumar Mukesh , Hollander Gerald , Frankel Robert 
Published: August 2002

AbstractArterial puncture sites after cardiac catheterization are a troublesome cause of complications. Closure devices have been developed to improve on patient comfort and safety. We evaluated a suture‐mediated closure device, the Prostar‐Plus device, in a consecutive population of over 10,001 diagnostic and interventional catheterizations. A significantly higher complication rate was noted for both major and minor complications in the diagnostic catheterization patients treated with the Prostar‐Plus device compared to diagnostic catheterization patients treated with manual compression (2.6% major and 4.6% minor complication rate for the Prostar‐Plus treatment group vs. 0.2% major and 1.8% minor complication rate for the manual compression treatment group). For the interventional patients, there were no statistical differences noted for both major and minor complications between patients treated with the Prostar‐Plus device vs. manual compression. Subgroup analysis showed that older, thinner women were more likely to have complications related to the Prostar‐Plus device. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2002;55:8–13. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Acute coronary embolism: Angiographic diagnosis and treatment with primary angioplasty
Authors: Hernández Felipe , Pombo Marta , Dalmau Regina , Andreu Javier , Alonso Manuel , Albarrán Agustín , Velázquez María T. , Tascón Juan C. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAcute coronary embolism is rarely diagnosed and it may explain why normal coronary arteries are found after or even before an acute coronary event in patients with thromboembolic risk factors. Emergency coronary angiography was performed in three patients with prior normal coronary arteries and an acute myocardial infarction, followed by primary angioplasty with low‐pressure balloon inflations plus stenting and combined antiaggregation with aspirin, clopidogrel, and abciximab to disrupt the thrombi and protect distal circulation from microemboli. Angiographic success was achieved in 100%, and 6‐month follow‐up has been uneventful on oral anticoagulation and antiaggregation. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2002;55:491–494. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Transcatheter closure of large persistent left superior vena cava causing cyanosis in two patients post‐Fontan operation utilizing the Gianturco Grifka vascular occlusion device
Authors: Recto Michael R. , Elbl Francisco , Austin Erle 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe report the successful transcatheter closure of a large persistent left superior vena cava draining into the pulmonary venous circulation causing cyanosis in two patients who had previously undergone the Fontan operation utilizing the Gianturco Grifka vascular occlusion device. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2001;53:398–404. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Vertebral artery stenting
Authors: Jenkins J. Stephen , White Christopher J. , Ramee Stephen R. , Collins Tyrone J. , Chilakamarri Vijay K. , McKinley Kevin L. , Jain Suresh P. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe safety and efficacy of endoluminal stenting in treating atherosclerotic vertebral artery disease was evaluated in 38 vessels in 32 patients. Indications for revascularization included diplopia (n = 4), blurred vision (n = 4), dizziness (n = 23), transient ischemic attacks (n = 4), drop attack (n = 1), gait disturbance (n = 1), headache (n = 2), and asymptomatic critical stenosis (n = 1). Success (< 20% residual diameter stenosis, without stroke or death) was achieved in all 32 patients (100%). One patient experienced a transient ischemic attack (TIA) 1 hr after the procedure. At follow‐up (mean, 10.6 months), all patients (100%) were alive and 31/32 (97%) were asymptomatic. One patient (3%) had in‐stent restenosis at 3.5 months and underwent successful balloon angioplasty. Endoluminal stenting of vertebral artery lesions is safe, effective, and durable as evidenced by the low recurrence rate. Primary stent placement is an attractive option for atherosclerotic vertebral artery stenotic lesions. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2001;54:1–5. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sphingoid base metabolism in yeast: mapping gene expression patterns into qualitative metabolite time course predictions
Authors: Radivoyevitch Tomas 
Published: August 2002

AbstractCan qualitative metabolite time course predictions be inferred from measured mRNA expression patterns? Speaking against this possibility is the large number of ‘decoupling’ control points that lie between these variables, i.e. translation, protein degradation, enzyme inhibition and enzyme activation. Speaking for it is the notion that these control points might be coordinately regulated such that action exerted on the mRNA level is informative of action exerted on the protein and metabolite levels. A simple kinetic model of sphingoid base metabolism in yeast is postulated. When the enzyme activities in this model are modulated proportional to mRNA expression levels measured in heat shocked yeast, the model yields a transient rise and fall in sphingoid bases followed by a permanent rise in ceramide. This finding is in qualitative agreement with experiments and is thus consistent with the aforementioned coordinated control system hypothesis. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Differentiation of plant cells during symbiotic nitrogen fixation
Authors: Trevaskis Ben , Colebatch Gillian , Desbrosses Guilhem , Wandrey Maren , Wienkoop Stefanie , Saalbach Gerhard , Udvardi Michael 
Published: August 2002

AbstractNitrogen‐fixing symbioses between legumes and bacteria of the family Rhizobiaceae
involve differentiation of both plant and bacterial cells. Differentiation
of plant root cells is required to build an organ, the nodule, which can feed
and accommodate a large population of bacteria under conditions conducive
to nitrogen fixation. An efficient vascular system is built to connect the
nodule to the root, which delivers sugars and other nutrients to the nodule
and removes the products of nitrogen fixation for use in the rest of the plant.
Cells in the outer cortex differentiate to form a barrier to oxygen diffusion
into nodules, which helps to produce the micro‐aerobic environment necessary
for bacterial nitrogenase activity. Cells of the central, infected zone of
nodules undergo multiple rounds of endoreduplication, which may be necessary
for colonisation by rhizobia and may enable enlargement and greater metabolic
activity of these cells. Infected cells of the nodule contain rhizobia within
a unique plant membrane called the peribacteroid or symbiosome membrane, which
separates the bacteria from the host cell cytoplasm and mediates nutrient
and signal exchanges between the partners. Rhizobia also undergo differentiation
during nodule development. Not surprisingly, perhaps, differentiation of each
partner is dependent upon interactions with the other. High‐throughput methods
to assay gene transcripts, proteins, and metabolites are now being used to
explore further the different aspects of plant and bacterial differentiation.
In this review, we highlight recent advances in our understanding of plant
cell differentiation during nodulation that have been made, at least in part,
using high‐throughput methods. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons,
Ltd.
A European pathogenic microorganism proteome database: construction and maintenance
Authors: Pleißner Klaus‐Peter , Eifert Till , Jungblut Peter R. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA relational database structure based on MS‐Access and MySQL to store and
manage proteomics data was established. This system may be used to publish
two‐dimensional electrophoretic proteomics data, and also may be accessed
by external users who want to compare their own data with those in the databases.
The maintenance of the database is managed centrally. The producers of proteomics
data do not need to construct a database themselves. Users can introduce mass
spectra into the database, which allows the searching of peptide mass fingerprints
against their own protein sequence databases. The first release published
in January 2002 contains data from Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Helicobacter
pylori, Borrelia garinii, Francisella tularensis, Chlamydia
pneumoniae, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Jurkat T‐cells and mouse mammary
gland projects (http://www.mpiib‐berlin.mpg.de/2D‐PAGE/).
Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparison of the proteomes of three yeast wild type strains: CEN.PK2, FY1679 and W303
Authors: Rogowska‐Wrzesinska Adelina , Mose Larsen Peter , Blomberg Anders , Görg Angelika , Roepstorff Peter , Norbeck Joakim , John Fey Stephen 
Published: August 2002

AbstractYeast deletion strains created during gene function analysis projects very often show drastic phenotypic differences depending on the genetic background used. These results indicate the existence of important molecular differences between the CEN.PK2, FY1679 and W303 wild type strains. To characterise these differences we have compared the protein expression levels between CEN.PK2, FY1679 and W303 strains using two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis and identified selected proteins by mass spectrometric analysis. We have found that FY1679 and W303 strains are more similar to each other than to the CEN.PK2 strain. This study identifies 62 proteins that are differentially expressed between the strains and provides a valuable source of data for the interpretation of yeast mutant phenotypes observed in CEN.PK2, FY1679 and W303 strains. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Enantioselective Michael addition catalyzed by cinchona alkaloids
Authors: Szöllösi György , Bartók Mihály 
Published: August 2002

AbstractEnantioselective Michael additions of cyclic β‐ketoesters to methyl vinyl ketone catalyzed by cinchona alkaloids were studied. The results revealed that the induced enantioselectivity was significantly influenced by both the structure of the catalyst and that of the substrate. Interesting differences in the effect of the structure of the alkaloid on the enantioselectivity of this reaction in the case of three β‐ketoesters were discovered. High enantioselectivities were obtained in the reaction of ethyl 2‐oxocyclopentanecarboxylate and ethyl 2‐oxocyclohexanecarboxylate (up to 83 and 80%, respectively) at a low cinchona:reactant ratio of 1:500. As the specific rotations of the product enantiomers were unknown, they were determined by optical rotation and chiral GC measurements and verified by NMR experiments. Chirality 13:614–618, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Chiral C and S conformers of aromatic diimide triads
Authors: Gawroński J. , Gawrońska K. , Kacprzak K. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractChiral triads composed of a central aromatic diimide moiety and two outer aromatic molecules connected by one‐ or two‐carbon linkers exist in an equilibrium of C and S conformers, as inferred from analysis of circular dichroism and nuclear magnetic resonance spectra, as well as from molecular modeling. Chirality 13:322–328, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Biomimetic asymmetric hydrogenation
Authors: Börner Armin 
Published: August 2002

AbstractEnzymes and synthetic organometallic catalysts utilize different approaches for the creation of chiral centers in prochiral substrates. While chiral organometallic catalysts realize the transfer of chirality mainly by repulsive interactions, several enzymes use preferentially stereodiscriminating hydrogen bonding. To investigate if hydrogen bonding within the catalyst‐substrate assembly can also have a benefit on the rhodium diphosphine‐catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation, some model metal complexes and substrates were investigated. As ‘biomimetically acting’ functionalities, hydroxy groups were incorporated in the chiral ligand. Three secondary interactions could be identified by different analytical methods which influence rate and enantioselectivity of the catalytic reaction: 1) HO/Rh‐interactions, 2) HO/HO‐interactions within the backbone of the ligand, and 3) hydrogen bonding between HO‐groups of the ligand and functional groups of an appropriate substrate. Due to the effect of the additional hydroxy groups, enantioselectivities by up to 99% ee could be induced in the hydrogenation product even with water as solvent. Chirality 13:625–628, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Over‐expression of βI tubulin in MDCK cells and incorporation of exogenous βI tubulin into microtubules interferes with adhesion and spreading
Authors: Lezama R. , Castillo A. , Ludueña R.F. , Meza I. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractLittle is known about the presence and distribution of tubulin isotypes in MDCK cells although essential epithelial functions in these monolayers are regulated by dynamic changes in the microtubule architecture. Using specific antibodies, we show here that the βI, βII, and βIV isotypes are differentially distributed in the microtubules of these cells. Microtubules in subconfluent cells radiating from the perinuclear region contain βI and βII tubulins, while those extending to the cell edges are enriched in βII. Confluent cells contain similar proportions of βI and βII along the entire microtubule length. βIV is the less abundant isotype and shows a similar distribution to βII. The effect of modifying tubulin isotype ratios in the microtubules that could affect their dynamics and function was analyzed by stably expressing in MDCK cells βI tubulin from CHO cells. Three recombinant clones expressing different levels of the exogenous βI tubulin were selected and subcloned. Clone 17‐2 showed the highest expression of CHO β1 tubulin. Total βI tubulin levels (MDCK+CHO) in the clones were approximately 1.8 to 1.1‐fold higher than in mock‐transfected cells only expressing MDCK β1 tubulin. In all the cells, βII tubulin levels remained unchanged. The cells expressing CHO β1 tubulin showed defective attachment, spreading, and delayed formation of adhesion sites at short times after plating, whereas mock‐transfected cells attached and spread normally. Analysis of cytoskeletal fractions from clone 17‐2 showed a MDCK βI/CHO βI ratio of 1.89 at 2 h that gradually decreased to 1.0 by 24 h. The ratio of the two isotypes in the soluble fraction remained unchanged, although with higher values than those found for the polymerized βI tubulin. By 24 h, the transfected cells had regained normal spreading and formed a confluent monolayer. Our results show that excess levels of total βI tubulin, resulting from the expression of the exogenous β1 isotype, and incorporation of it into microtubules affect their stability and some cellular functions. As the levels return to normal, the cells recover their normal phenotype. Regulation of βI tubulin levels implies the release of the MDCK βI isotype from the microtubules into the soluble fraction where it would be degraded. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 50:147–160, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Plant profilin isovariants are distinctly regulated in vegetative and reproductive tissues
Authors: Kandasamy Muthugapatti K. , McKinney Elizabeth C. , Meagher Richard B. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractProfilin is a low‐molecular weight, actin monomer‐binding protein that regulates the organization of actin cytoskeleton in eukaryotes, including higher plants. Unlike the simple human or yeast systems, the model plant Arabidopsis has an ancient and highly divergent multi‐gene family encoding five distinct profilin isovariants. Here we compare and characterize the regulation of these profilins in different organs and during microspore development using isovariant‐specific monoclonal antibodies. We show that PRF1, PRF2, and PRF3 are constitutive, being strongly expressed in all vegetative tissues at various stages of development. These profilin isovariants are also predominant in ovules and microspores at the early stages of microsporogenesis. In contrast, PRF4 and PRF5 are late pollen‐specific and are not detectable in other cell types of the plant body including microspores and root hairs. Immunocytochemical studies at the subcellular level reveal that both the constitutive and pollen‐specific profilins are abundant in the cytoplasm. In vegetative cell types, such as root apical cells, profilins showed localization to nuclei in addition to the cytoplasmic staining. The functional diversity of profilin isovariants is discussed in light of their spatio‐temporal regulation during vegetative development, pollen maturation, and pollen tube growth. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 52:22–32, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Lateral mobility and anchoring of recombinant GABAA receptors depend on subunit composition
Authors: Peran Macarena , Hicks Barry W. , Peterson Nancy L. , Hooper Helen , Salas Ramiro 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe clustering of type A γ‐aminobutyric acid receptors (GABAAR) at discrete and functionally significant domains on the nerve cell surface is an important determinant in the integration of synaptic inputs. To discern the role that the subunits of the GABAAR play in determining the receptor's cell surface topography and mobility, the α1, β1, β3, and γ2s subunits were transfected into COS7, HEK293, and PC12 cells and the distribution and cell surface mobility of these recombinant receptors were examined. Our results show that α1 subunits are retained in the endoplasmic reticulum while β1 and β3 subunits are sorted to the plasma membrane where they form clusters. Co‐expression and co‐assembly of α1 and β3 subunits result in the rescue of intracellular α1 subunits, which are transported as αβ subunit complexes to the cell surface where they formed clusters. Fluorescence photobleach recovery and single particle tracking of recombinant receptors show that, despite clustering, β3 subunit homooligomers are mobile within a cell surface domain. Inclusion of α1 in β3 or β3γ2s complexes, however, dramatically reduces the receptor's lateral mobility in COS 7 and PC12 cells and anchors GABAARs on the cell surface, suggesting the formation of a direct link to a component of the cytoskeleton. The mobility of recombinant receptors that include the α1 subunit mirrors the mobility of GABAARs on cell bodies and dendrites of cortical and spinal cord neurons. The results suggest that incorporation of α1 subunits give rise to a population of GABAARs that are immobilized on the cell surface. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 50:89–100, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fatigue in cancer patients compared with fatigue in the general United States population
Authors: Cella David , Lai Jin‐shei , Chang Chih‐Hung , Peterman Amy , Slavin Mitchell 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDAlthough fatigue is a common symptom among cancer patients, it is also a common experience in the general, healthy population. Its universality has made it difficult to appreciate whether the fatigue experienced by patients with cancer is distinguishable from the fatigue experienced by the general population. Because the etiology of fatigue is multifactorial, it also has been difficult to appreciate fully the relative contribution of anemia to cancer‐related fatigue.METHODSTo address this issue, responses to a brief, standardized set of 13 questions from the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy (FACIT) Measurement System were compared across three groups: anemic cancer patients (n = 2369 patients), nonanemic cancer patients (n = 113 patients), and the general United States population (n = 1010 persons).RESULTSFatigue scores of the anemic cancer patients (at both baseline and upon completion of anemia therapy) were significantly worse compared with the scores of nonanemic cancer patients that, in turn, were worse compared with the scores of the general United States population (P < 0.001). Score distributions were quite distinct for these three groups. Within the group of anemic cancer patients, the degree of anemia (mild, moderate, or severe) also was predictive of the degree of fatigue (P < 0.001), although the distributions were not dramatically distinct.CONCLUSIONSAlthough anemia is clearly a factor that contributes to the severity of disease‐related fatigue among cancer patients, hemoglobin levels explain only part of the difference compared with fatigue among the general United States population. The distinct distributions of fatigue scores of anemic cancer patients compared with the general United States population and the substantial sample sizes of these two groups enabled a discriminant analysis approach that allowed the differentiation of anemic cancer patients from the general population with high sensitivity (0.92) and reasonable specificity (0.69). Thus, although fatigue is a symptom most anyone can relate to, the fatigue of cancer patients, particularly those who are anemic, is decidedly worse. Interventions targeting this common and life‐disrupting symptom likely would be of considerable value to patients with cancer. Cancer 2002;94:528–38. © 2002 American Cancer Society.