bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Scoping Review of Bullying and Harassment in Nonprofit and Voluntary Organizations
Authors: Hodgins Margaret , Pursell Lisa , Itzkovich Yariv , MacCurtain Sarah , Rayner Charlotte 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTApproximately 15% of workers are exposed to bullying in their workplace. However, few studies appear to have been conducted in nonprofit and voluntary organizations. This scoping review explored prevalence and structural and contextual factors that influence bullying in nonprofit and voluntary organizations. From a capture of 671 papers, 54 were assessed for eligibility and 18 full‐text articles were reviewed. Bullying is prevalent in nonprofit and voluntary organizations at the same or higher levels as other sectors, with sexual harassment appearing to be a serious problem in the context of fundraising. A synthesis of papers found a suite of factors presented in four themes; complex and unique power relations, the exploitation of virtuosity, the exercise of hegemonic power, and asymmetrical power and extreme dependency, which together act to stabilize the presence of bullying in nonprofit and voluntary organizations. Such dynamics need to be disrupted for intervention to occur. Further research is needed on how volunteers “sense‐make” in the face of dissonance between organizational mission and behavior, intervention evaluation, and regulating philanthropic donation to reduce donor dependence.
Collaborative Design of Observer and Controller for Singular Systems With Transmission Delay Based on Dynamic Event‐Triggered
Authors: Wang Lida , Sun Chao , Huang Sheng‐Juan , Yi Suhuan 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThis article investigates the dynamic event‐triggered with communication delay fault estimation and fault‐tolerant control problem of singular systems in network environments under system faults and external disturbances. By considering both the current time and transmission delay output error, a fault diagnosis observer is constructed to estimate the system state and faults simultaneously based on dynamic event‐triggered sampling. On the basis of estimating the system state and fault signals, a fault‐tolerant controller is proposed to compensate for the impact of faults on the system and maintain its performance. Through the collaborative design of observers, controllers, and event‐triggering schemes, the required performance of the faulty system is ensured while reducing the consumption of communication resources. In addition by constructing a new enhanced Lyapunov functional and utilizing linear matrix inequalities and Lyapunov stability theory, the conditions for asymptotic stability of the system are less conservative and easily obtained. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method was verified through simulation results of two examples.
COVID‐19 Vaccine Response in Pediatric Oncology Patients
Authors: Kam Brittni , Wang Yiwen , Qin FeiFei , Long Adrienne H. , Klein Orly R. , Aftandilian Catherine 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTPediatric oncology and hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) patients may fail to mount an appropriate immune response to COVID‐19 vaccinations. The immunologic response to initial SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccination was studied in 93 pediatric patients with hematologic malignancy, solid tumors, or post‐HSCT. The majority of patients who were not receiving chemotherapy showed a positive humoral and cell‐mediated response to COVID‐19 vaccination. In contrast, variable responses to vaccination were seen in patients receiving chemotherapy. Patients with a normal lymphocyte count showed higher rates of seroconversion than their lymphocytopenic counterparts. This report details pediatric oncology and HSCT patients’ immunologic responses to COVID‐19 vaccination during all phases of treatment.
Psychosis and suicide attempt following a single use of delta‐9‐tetrahydrocannabiphorol: A case report
Authors: Greer Daniel , Atherton Jennifer , Girgis Justina 
Published: February 2025

AbstractBackgroundDelta‐9‐tetrahydrocannabiphorol (Δ9‐THCP) is a potent phytocannabinoid found naturally in the cannabis plant in small quantities. This cannabinoid is noted to potently bind to cannabinoid receptor 1 and cannabinoid receptor 2 and is reported to be highly psychoactive. A small amount of Δ9‐THCP is found naturally, which led to its isolation and synthetic production. This isolate is beginning to be sold at dispensaries. Information on Δ9‐THCP is sparse and case reports of adverse events add to the current literature.Case PresentationThis case report describes a patient who was brought into the emergency department with a self‐inflicted stab wound to the chest after consuming 8 mg of Δ9‐THCP. The patient was a regular user of standard tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) products from dispensaries and had no history of psychotic symptoms. The patient consumed the 8 mg just over 2 days prior to admission and noted psychotic symptoms for 48 h. The symptoms included depersonalization and a belief that he was already dead. A single dose of haloperidol 5 mg intravenous push was administered in the intensive care unit due to agitation. Afterwards, the patient refused all oral antipsychotics and the psychotic symptoms cleared prior to discharge.ConclusionThe case adds to the evidence suggesting that Δ9‐THCP is highly potent and psychoactive. Even experienced users of THC may have adverse effects to Δ9‐THCP due to differences in binding and potency. Isolates of phytocannabinoids require caution prior to use.
Investigation of the Mechanical, Thermal, and Morphological Properties of ABS Composite Reinforced With Bentonite and DEHPA‐Modified Bentonite
Authors: Karagöz İdris , Şimşiroğlu B. Şebnem , Özer Elif Nur , Sepetcioglu Harun , Hızal Jülide 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThis study investigates the mechanical, thermal, and surface characteristics of acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene (ABS) composites reinforced with bentonite and bis(2‐ethylhexyl) phosphate (DEHPA)‐modified bentonite. The addition of bentonite significantly reduced the tensile strength and elongation at break due to the filler's inherent brittleness. Pure ABS exhibited a tensile strength of 42.2 MPa, which decreased by 16.1% with the incorporation of 20% bentonite (ABS1). Impact strength tests showed that the inclusion of bentonite lowered impact resistance, particularly in notched samples. Bentonite also increased the hardness and density, reflecting improved rigidity but reduced flexibility. Surface gloss changed from semigloss to matte, and FT‐IR spectroscopy confirmed the successful integration of bentonite. Water absorption tests revealed that DEHPA‐modified bentonite composites had higher absorption over time, highlighting the modification's effect on hydrophilicity. While bentonite improves certain properties, the balance between mechanical strength and flexibility needs to be further explored to meet the requirements of specific applications such as automotive components, electronics casings, and construction materials.
Characterization of a Gliding Arc Plasmatron for the Plasma Assisted Pyrolysis of Methane to Acetylene and Hydrogen
Authors: Böddeker Simon , Göricke Jan , Kogelheide Bastian , Bibinov Nikita , Purcel Maximilian , Muhler Martin , Mussenbrock Thomas , Awakowicz Peter 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTA gliding arc plasmatron (GAP) is used for the production of hydrogen and acetylene via plasma‐assisted methane pyrolysis. The working gas consists of argon with variable admixtures of methane. By applying camera measurements and optical emission spectroscopy the temperatures and electron density inside the GAP are measured. Two temperature regions are determined: the filamentary plasma, with 3470–5960 K, and a diffuse region characterized by black body emission of hot carbon containing dust at a temperature of 2230–2770 K. An analysis of the product gas stream shows a maximum methane conversion of 44% at a specific energy input of and selectivities towards hydrogen and acetylene between 25%–81% and 75%–89%, respectively.
Testing Assumptions for Stable Isotope Analysis of Marine Mammal Dentin Growth Layer Groups
Authors: Bowen Kelly R. , Kurle Carolyn M. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTRationaleStable isotope analysis of growth layer groups (GLGs) in mammal dentin is an increasingly prevalent and noninvasive approach to study animal foraging ecology. However, empirical evidence to support assumed proper methodologies for sampling GLGs is lacking. Here, we examine the effects of intratooth and intertooth variations with respect to targeted GLGs, as well as the effects of common pretreatments (e.g., formic acid and graphite) to enhance GLG visibility, on stable isotope values (δ13C and δ15N) from dentin.MethodsWe measured the δ13C and δ15N values of killer whale (Orcinus orca) dentin. We used dentin from 37 teeth to compare stable carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) isotope values from multiple locations within a GLG (intratooth variation), from corresponding GLGs among teeth of an individual (intertooth variation), and from treated and untreated teeth.ResultsWe observed no significant differences in the δ13C or δ15N values when sampling a single GLG from multiple locations (intratooth variation) or when comparing the same GLG across duplicate teeth of individuals (intertooth variation). One tooth in a triplicate set showed a significantly different but likely biologically inconsequential δ13C value. Lastly, formic acid and graphite highlighting to accentuate GLGs did not significantly influence measured stable isotope values.ConclusionsWe validate several previous assumptions in this field of study. First, dentin samples for stable isotope analysis can be sampled from different locations across a GLG. Second, researchers can compare stable isotope values from the same GLGs of different teeth collected from the same individual in most cases, as the δ13C and δ15N values did not vary with the sampled tooth. Third, a common protocol of formic acid and graphite treatment to enhance GLG visibility does not bias the δ13C and δ15N values from dentin. We also describe factors to consider and cautions associated with these conclusions.
Theoretical Study on Interaction of Fluorine‐Containing Compounds Involving the Fourth Period Metal Elements With N‐base: Comparison With Halogen Bonds
Authors: Yu Hao , Zhao Qibo , Wang Kunhua , Fu Min , Ning Liangmin , Chen Wei , Guan Meili , Han Zongying , Yang Yanru , Li Hui , Gao Meng 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe fourth period metal fluorides acting as a Lewis acid form binary compounds with nitrogen‐containing bases (HCN, NHCH2, and NH3), which the calculations are carried out at the MP2 ab initio level with the AVTZ and AVQZ basis set and employed by the CBS method. AIM and IGMH analyses further indicate that the metal‐N‐bases (M─N) bonding exists in the binary complexes. The strength of interactions is ranging from −4.76 to −56.54 kcal/mol. M─N bonding exhibits a partially covalent nature characterized with a negative energy density and large interaction energy. With the decrease of electronegativity of the substituents on the Lewis base, the interaction energies increase. The M─N interaction is dominated by electrostatic interaction in all complexes, whereas induction and dispersion energies cannot be ignored either.
SM‐Doped Ferric Molybdate Gives Oxygen Vacancies and Co‐Modified Carbon Nanotubes to Construct High‐Energy Supercapacitors
Authors: Lan Xiantan , Ma Tenghao , Hao Tingting , Hao Jian , Liu Chengcheng , Wang Jing 
Published: February 2025

AbstractIn this paper, nanorods doped with Sm rare earth elements were successfully prepared by the hydrothermal method. In view of the formation of oxygen vacancies by replacing Fe3⁺ with Sm3⁺, it was found that the performance was excellent at the doping ratio of 0.5%, and the growth time was 12 h, and the specific capacity was as high as 1902 F/g at a current density of 1 A/g, and after 700 cycles, there was still 1892 F/g, and the capacitance was guaranteed. The holding rate is 99.1%. When the scanning rate is 10 mV/s, the surface control contributes 56.1% of the current, and when the scan rate is 140 mV/s, the contribution rate of pseudocapacitance behavior control increases to 75%, and the asymmetric device Sm–Fe2(MoO4)3//CNTs is constructed with modified carbon nanotube anode material at a current density of 1 A/g, with a specific capacity of 265 F/g, and the device has been tested for 4000 cycles under the condition of 3 A/g, and the capacitance retention rate is 93.8%. It exhibits a high energy density of 79.3 Wh/kg and a high power density of 760 W/kg. It provides a new idea for the development of supercapacitors.
Exploring the Intricacies of Social Mobility Trajectories and Perceived Stress in Post‐Reform China
Authors: Lan Yaxin , Jin Lei 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTAmong transitional societies, the impact of rapid and widespread intragenerational social mobilities on stress remains understudied. This empirical research explores the intricate relationship between various social mobility trajectories and perceived stress within the dynamic context of contemporary China. Drawing upon data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey spanning from 1991 to 2015, this study advances beyond conventional methodologies that typically categorise social mobility as either upward or downward. It employs the Growth Mixture Model to discern six latent mobility trajectories: ‘Fall into Poverty’, ‘Rise from Rags’, ‘Middle Class’, ‘Fall from Grace’, ‘Upper Middle Class’ and ‘Elite.’ The resulting findings then reveal the diverse impacts of these distinct mobility trajectories on perceived stress, emphasising gender‐specific patterns. Among men, those categorised as ‘Elite’ and ‘Fall from Grace’ report lower perceived stress levels in comparison to the middle‐class reference group, while individuals in the ‘Fall into Poverty’ category exhibit the highest stress levels. Conversely, for women, the ‘Upper Middle Class’ and ‘Elite’ categories are associated with lower stress levels, with ‘Upper Middle Class’ women experiencing the least stress. The findings unveiled in this study shed light on the multifaceted nature of social mobility and its consequences for stress within a rapidly changing society. These insights hold significant implications for public health interventions, underscoring the necessity of a more nuanced theoretical framework for understanding the stress experiences of Chinese residents amidst societal transformation.
High‐Performance Flexible Electronics Fabricated Using a Surface Energy‐Directed Assembly Process on Ultrathin Polyimide Substrates
Authors: Li Zetong , Chai Zhimin , Wang Guangji , Zhang Jingwei , Wang Tongqing , Zhao Dewen , Busnaina Ahmed A. , Lu Xinchun 
Published: February 2025

AbstractSolution‐based processes are emerging in the fabrication of flexible electronics owing to their cost‐effectiveness, low‐temperature processing capabilities, and vacuum‐free operations. Currently, printing techniques, as the most widely used solution‐based processes, suffer from low resolution and poor pattern fidelity. Although surface energy‐directed assembly (SEDA) process enables unparalleled resolution and fidelity, multilayer fabrication and application on flexible substrates are rarely attempted. Here, a SEDA process is used for fabricating metal oxide thin film transistors (TFTs) on ultrathin and flexible polyimide (PI) substrates with a thickness of ≈35 µm. Comprehensive procedures to render PI substrates hydrophobic as well as to homogenize the hydrophobicity of the PI substrates and as‐assembled layers are developed. All‐solution‐processed flexible TFTs are constructed by assembling indium oxide semiconducting channels, indium tin oxide source/drain electrodes, aluminum oxide gate dielectric layers, and indium tin oxide gate electrodes ordinally. The metal oxide TFTs exhibit excellent electrical properties with an average mobility of 22.01 cm2 V−1 s−1 and stable operation under mechanical strain. Flexible inverters with a high voltage gain of 78 and a high dynamic operation frequency of up to 1 kHz are also constructed, representing new opportunities of the SEDA process for the fabrication of next‐generation flexible electronics.
Picofluidic Electro‐Osmosis Measurement of Cell Membrane Mechanical Properties
Authors: Wang Xiao‐Yuan , Zhou Ze‐Rui , Gong Li‐Juan , Wu Man‐Sha , Zhang Shi‐Yi , Lv Jian , Chen Bin‐Bin , Li Da‐Wei , Qian Ruo‐Can 
Published: February 2025

AbstractCells connect with their internal and external environments through plasma membranes, and the mechanical properties of cell membranes govern numerous biological events. Membrane detection techniques such as optical or magnetic tweezers have revealed mechanical strength by membrane‐anchored modifications, but it remains challenging to develop label‐free methods to reduce the influence of exogenous interference. Here picofluidic electro‐osmosis measurement (PEOM), which enables direct and efficient sensing of cell membrane mechanical properties by using a glass nanopipette without labeling, is presented. By generating a picoliter electroosmotic fluid at the nanopipette tip, periodic cell membrane vibration modes are observed from current traces, which carry information on membrane mechanical properties to indicate its biological state. Based on characteristic peaks in the frequency domain, a theoretical framework to describe the vibration modes, which contains two ideal spring vibrator models corresponding to stretching and bending vibrations of cell membrane respectively, is developed. Notably, the PEOM strategy represents a label‐free approach to reveal the mechanical properties of living cell membranes from two dimensions, which is completely different from other methods. Additionally, the exciting potential of PEOM is demonstrated for label‐free observation of membrane mechanical property changes during different bioprocesses, including cytoskeletal alteration, membrane tension change, and mechanical polarization.
Dense and Nanoporous Glasses as Host Matrices to Grow Quantum Dots for Optical and Photonic Applications
Authors: Bai Xue , Wu Lingzhi , Magan John J. , Jennings Brian , Zhou Wei , Wang Shenghao , Gun'ko Yurii K. , Wang Gaozhong 
Published: February 2025

AbstractQuantum dots (QDs) grown within inorganic glasses (hereafter referred to as “QD glasses”) are promising candidates for an expanding list of applications such as nonlinear optical (NLO) devices. However, lots of research into NLO properties of QDs still uses polymer‐based matrices, whose low laser damage threshold hinders practical applications. This can be explained by the difficulties typically encountered by researchers wishing to grow QDs within glass matrices. Fortunately, much progress has been made, not only as regards dense glass but also in the use of nanoporous (NP) glass which is prepared and explored as a macro‐matrix in the growth of QDs. In situ growth techniques for the preparation of QD glasses are more appealing than ex situ methods, as the former can effectively avoid agglomeration of the QDs and the need for application of prior treatments such as ligand exchange. Here, a review of advances in growth techniques of QDs in both dense and NP glasses is provided, with a discussion on the effect of glasses on the emission nature of the grown QDs, the routes to tune emission, enhancing optical performance and, finally, potential applications of QD glasses. The overview of directions and future challenges of this area are also presented.
Unveiling the Promotion of Sulfides Heterostructure on the Urea Oxidation Reaction: Role of Interface Engineering and Sulfate Adsorption
Authors: Song Yulan , Tang Cuilan , Huang Jinglin , Wang Tao , He Xiaoshan , Xie Chunping , Chen Guo , Liu Yansong , He Zhibing 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe pursuit of efficient and stable urea oxidation reaction (UOR) electrocatalysts is paramount for the sustainable utilization of renewable energy sources and the treatment of wastewater with urea content. This research introduces the successful fabrication of (Fe0.5Ni0.5)0.96S/Co9S8/NF mesh heterojunction materials, which are replete with interfaces that facilitate enhanced catalytic activity. Benefiting from the electron transfer behavior from (Fe0.5Ni0.5)0.96S to Co9S8, and the promotion of surface adsorption of SO42−, the (Fe0.5Ni0.5)0.96S/Co9S8/NF electrocatalyst has excellent UOR catalytic performance. The experimental characterization and theoretical simulation show that the d‐band center/thermodynamic barrier of (Fe0.5Ni0.5)0.96S/Co9S8/NF is regulated by the redistribution of electrons at the heterojunction interface, and the adsorption of SO42− on the surface. The reaction barrier of the adsorption strength/rate‐controlling step of urea and reaction intermediates is optimized, which promotes the catalytic kinetics and thermodynamics of UOR, offering a promising strategy for advancing energy and environmental technologies.
Between the Elite and the Masses: Or the Hardships of Being a Revivalist Colporteur in 19th-Century Finland
Authors: Dahlbacka Jakob 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Finnish society in general, and its religious scene in particular, underwent major changes in the latter part of the 19th century. A shift in power relations took place in which representatives of the revival movements established themselves at the expense of the Lutheran state church. This shift was not always carried out without tension and friction. The current chapter focuses on this tension between the official clergy and emerging revivalist colporteurs – or between the religious high and low culture, represented respectively by the clergy and the lay preachers. It does so by examining the previously unpublished autobiographies or spiritual journals by Gustaf Roos and Johannes Wirén, who were among the first colporteurs within the Lutheran Evangelical Association in Finland. In doing so, it offers a micro-historical account of the self-understanding and self-image of two colporteurs and a first-hand perspective on the loosening of the centuries-long monopoly on the religious field in Finland. It shows how the colporteurs saw themselves and their task, especially in relation to the representatives of the state church and with particular interest in when the contracting parties came into conflict with each other.
Toxicokinetics and analytical toxicology of the phenmetrazine-derived new psychoactive substance 3,4-methylenedioxyphenmetrazine studied by means of in vitro systems
Authors: Kroesen Matthias D. , Gampfer Tanja M. , Wagmann Lea , Meyer Markus R. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Compounds derived from known drugs are usually brought on the new psychoactive substance (NPS) market without any previous toxicological risk assessment. The European Union Drugs Agency issued an EU early notification for 3,4-methylenedioxyphenmetrazine (MDPM) in 2024. It is structurally related to the stimulants amphetamine, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), and phenmetrazine and expected to have similar effects. So far, no scientific reports are available describing its toxicokinetic and analytical profile. This study aimed to provide such data to allow a thorough risk assessment and to ease its analytical detectability in forensic and clinical toxicology and doping control. Data reported include the in vitro plasma protein binding, the in vitro half-life and in vitro metabolism of MDPM by human liver microsomes and S9 fraction (pHLS9) and by HepaRG cells. A monooxygenase mapping and the in vitro cytochrome P450 inhibition of MDPM was elucidated. Results showed that HepaRG cells and pHLS9 formed the same MDPM metabolites via demethylenation and O-methylation and that MDPM has a low plasma protein binding and is a low-turnover drug. Monooxygenase mapping revealed that the demethylenation was exclusively CYP2D6-mediated. MDPM showed strong inhibition of CYP2D6 and moderate inhibition of CYP1A2 and CYP3A4. Polymorphisms or the simultaneous intake of substances that are also CYP2D6 substrates can have a considerable impact on the toxicity of MDPM. Based on in vitro data, the demethylenyl-methyl metabolite of MDPM and the parent compound are recommended as analytical urine screening targets.