bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Cadaveric Study of the Optimal Isometric Region on the Anterolateral Surface of the Knee in Anterolateral Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Yao Gai , Liu Yang , Zhou Zhiyou , Zhang Xuchao , Liu Kang , Fu Xiawei , Hua Zikai , Wang Zimin 
Published: November 2023

ObjectiveIsolated intra‐articular anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction is not capable of restoring instability in many cases leading some to recommend concomitant anterolateral ligament (ALL) reconstruction. The satisfactory fixation site and graft length change are crucial in ligament reconstruction to restore the ALL function and avoid some unwanted graft behavior. The purpose of this investigation is to determine the optimal isometric region on the anterolateral aspect of the knee for ALL reconstruction using a three‐dimensional optical instrument and a suture similar to an intraoperative isometric test.MethodsSix freshly frozen cadaveric human knees were used in this study. Data regarding the anterolateral surface were obtained using an optical measurement system to create a three‐dimensional model. Nine points were selected on the femur (F1‐F9) and tibia (Ta‐Ti) respectively. The three‐dimensional length change between each pair of tibial and femoral points was measured during passive knee flexion from 0° to 90° in 15° increments. Subsequently, five femoral points (A–E) were selected from the lateral femur, located in different areas relative to the lateral femoral epicondyle, and three tibial reference points (T1‐T3) were selected in the isometric test. The changes in the length between each pair of reference points were measured using sutures. The 95% confidence interval for the rate of length change was estimated using the mean and standard deviation of the maximum rate of length change at different flexion angles, and the data were expressed as the mean (95% confidence interval) and compared with the maximum acceptable rate of change (10%).ResultsThe maximum acceptable change rate for ligament reconstruction is 10%, and the mean maximum rates and the 95% confidence interval (CI) of length change for the point combinations were calculated. Among all the combined points measured using the optical measurement system and the suture, the qualified point combination for reconstruction was F3 (8mm posterior and 8mm proximal to the lateral femoral epicondyle)‐Tb (8mm proximal to the midpoint between the center of Gerdy's tubercle and the fibula head), A (posterior and proximal to the lateral femoral epicondyle)‐T2 (10mm below the joint line)and A‐T3 (15 mm below the joint line). The position of F3‐Tb and A‐T2 are close to each other.ConclusionThe most isometric area of the femur for ALL reconstruction was posterior and proximal to the lateral femoral epicondyle. We recommend that the initial location of the femoral point be set at 8 mm posterior and 8 mm proximal to the lateral femoral epicondyle and the tibial point at approximately 10 mm below the joint line, midway between Gerdy's tubercle and fibular head, and subsequently adjusted to the most satisfactory position according to the isometric test.
Ketocarotenoid production in tomato triggers metabolic reprogramming and cellular adaptation: The quest for homeostasis
Authors: Nogueira Marilise , Enfissi Eugenia M. A. , Price Elliott J. , Menard Guillaume N. , Venter Eudri , Eastmond Peter J. , Bar Einat , Lewinsohn Efraim , Fraser Paul D. 
Published: November 2023

SummaryPlants are sessile and therefore have developed an extraordinary capacity to adapt to external signals. Here, the focus is on the plasticity of the plant cell to respond to new intracellular cues. Ketocarotenoids are high‐value natural red pigments with potent antioxidant activity. In the present study, system‐level analyses have revealed that the heterologous biosynthesis of ketocarotenoids in tomato initiated a series of cellular and metabolic mechanisms to cope with the formation of metabolites that are non‐endogenous to the plant. The broad multilevel changes were linked to, among others, (i) the remodelling of the plastidial membrane, where the synthesis and storage of ketocarotenoids occurs; (ii) the recruiting of core metabolic pathways for the generation of metabolite precursors and energy; and (iii) redox control. The involvement of the metabolites as regulators of cellular processes shown here reinforces their pivotal role suggested in the remodelled ‘central dogma’ concept. Furthermore, the role of metabolic reprogramming to ensure cellular homeostasis is proposed.
The role of suspect development practices in eyewitness identification accuracy and racial disparities in wrongful conviction
Authors: Kovera Margaret Bull 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis article reviews the three previously studied categories of variables that are related to eyewitness identification accuracy: estimator (characteristics of the witnessing conditions), system (characteristics of the identification procedure that are under the control of the criminal legal system), and reflector (variables that reflect the likely accuracy of a witness). Although eyewitness scholars frequently turn to these variables and models of memory to explain why eyewitnesses make mistakes, none of these variables provides a reasonable explanation for the large racial disparities in wrongful convictions based on mistaken identifications, yet problematic policing practices might. The policies and practices guiding police efforts to develop suspects as well as the decisions of officers to place a suspect at risk of misidentification determine the base‐rate of innocent suspects that appear in identification procedures. Current police practices—from developing suspects based on hunches, through facial recognition technology, or by pressuring reluctant witnesses to make identifications—increase the likelihood that innocent suspects will be placed in lineups. An increase in lineups with innocent suspects increases the ratio of mistaken to correct identifications without changes in witness performance. Requirements for evidence‐based suspicion, video recording identification procedures, and prohibiting coercive interviewing techniques with reluctant witnesses are recommended for reducing the effect of unreliable suspect development methods on eyewitness evidence.
How do right‐wing populist majoritarian governments redistribute? Evidence from Poland, 2005–2019
Authors: Morawski Leszek , Brzezinski Michal 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThere is scarce evidence regarding redistribution policies implemented by right‐wing populist parties forming majority governments. We contribute to this literature by measuring the effects of sweeping reforms of the tax and benefit system carried out by the populist party PiS governing Poland since 2015. The reforms included a generous, unconditional, and universal child benefit. Using micro‐simulation‐based decompositions of relative poverty, we separate poverty changes due to the populists' policies (policy effects) from observed poverty changes. We found that populists' reforms from 2015 to 2019 had large poverty‐reducing effects: total poverty was brought down by more than 2 percentage points, while child poverty by about 6.5 points. However, the policy effects account ‘only’ for about half of overall poverty declines over this period. On the other hand, they are much bigger than those obtained previously by a coalition of mainstream parties (2007–2011) or a coalition of populist ones (2005–2007). Since 2015, the populists' reforms targeted social groups that were neglected or inadequately addressed by anti‐poverty policies by past governments. Our results suggest that, at least in conservative and ethnically homogeneous societies, right‐wing populist majoritarian governments are capable of carrying out large‐scale redistribution projects that lead to sizeable poverty reductions and include non‐chauvinist, universal cash transfers.
Children Use Teachers' Beliefs About Their Abilities to Calibrate Explore–Exploit Decisions
Authors: Bass Ilona , Mahaffey Elise , Bonawitz Elizabeth 
Published: November 2023

AbstractModels of the explore–exploit problem have explained how children's decision making is weighed by a bias for information (directed exploration), randomness, and generalization. These behaviors are often tested in domains where a choice to explore (or exploit) is guaranteed to reveal an outcome. An often overlooked but critical component of the assessment of explore–exploit decisions lies in the expected success of taking actions in the first place—and, crucially, how such decisions might be carried out when learning from others. Here, we examine how children consider an informal teacher's beliefs about the child's competence when deciding how difficult a task they want to pursue. We present a simple model of this problem that predicts that while learners should follow the recommendation of an accurate teacher, they should exploit easier games when a teacher overestimates their abilities, and explore harder games when she underestimates them. We tested these predictions in two experiments with adults (Experiment 1) and 6‐ to 8‐year‐old children (Experiment 2). In our task, participants' performance on a picture‐matching game was either overestimated, underestimated, or accurately represented by a confederate (the “Teacher”), who then presented three new matching games of varying assessed difficulty (too easy, too hard, just right) at varying potential reward (low, medium, high). In line with our model's predictions, we found that both adults and children calibrated their choices to the teacher's representation of their competence. That is, to maximize expected reward, when she underestimated them, participants chose games the teacher evaluated as being too hard for them; when she overestimated them, they chose games she evaluated as being too easy; and when she was accurate, they chose games she assessed as being just right. This work provides insight into the early‐emerging ability to calibrate explore–exploit decisions to others' knowledge when learning in informal pedagogical contexts.
Microstructure Evaluation of Magnetic Field–Assisted Dissimilar Laser Welding of NiTi to Stainless Steel
Authors: Tanrikulu Ahmet Alptug , Farhang Behzad , Ganesh-Ram Aditya Krishna , Hekmatjou Hamidreza , Amerinatanzi Amirhesam 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Significant attention has been directed to the need for a strong and lightweight welding technology for joining the NiTi shape memory alloys (SMAs) to stainless steel (SS). Dissimilar NiTi/SS joints suffer from the brittle and inevitable intermetallic compounds (IMCs) like TiFe, TiFe2, and FeNi that are formed during the welding process. To tackle this challenge, this study explores the use of an engineered magnetic field during the dissimilar laser welding of NiTi to SS. The presence of a magnetic field delivered a remarkable improvement in the tensile strength (over 452 MPa) of the joint, with a notable difference in the microstructure. The effect of the magnetic field on microstructure was investigated; material characterizations showed brittle IMC-free microstructure and a change in grain growth mechanism from columnar to cellular growth during the solidification. Further, fractography analysis proved a ductile failure mode at the joint.
Mastering Motor Skills: The Contributions of Motor Learning and Motor Development to the Growth and Maturation of Kinesiology
Authors: Anderson David I. 
Published: November 2023

This paper traces the evolution of scholarship in motor learning and development over the last ∼100 years, with a focus on contributions by Fellows from the National Academy of Kinesiology (NAK). It begins with a brief discussion of the centrality of motor skillfulness in kinesiology, followed by a discussion of the appropriate label for the study of motor learning and development. The bulk of the paper focuses on the important events and milestones in the field and an examination of the most influential frameworks and models that NAK Fellows have put forward to guide research. The final section looks at future prospects and challenges for the field. Two key findings emerge: (a) Considerable overlap exists in the theoretical frameworks, conceptual models, empirical questions, research methodologies, and practical applications that dominate scholarship in motor learning and development, and (b) NAK Fellows have made enormous contributions to the field.
Candida albicans
resistance to hypochlorous acid
Authors: Douglas Lois M. , Min Kyunghun , Konopka James B. 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT

Innate immune cells, especially neutrophils, play key roles in protecting against infection by
Candida albicans
and other fungal pathogens. A distinct aspect of neutrophils compared to other phagocytes is that they make much higher levels of myeloperoxidase, which converts H
2
O
2
generated during the oxidative burst into highly reactive hypochlorous acid (HOCl). The effects of HOCl on
C. albicans
are not well defined, so comparative studies were used to show that HOCl kills
C. albicans
at lower doses than H
2
O
2
and in a manner that correlates with permeabilization of the plasma membrane. Mutants with defects in plasma membrane organization and antioxidant pathways showed differential sensitivity to these oxidants, consistent with their distinct chemical properties. Transcriptional responses to HOCl and H
2
O
2
were also quite different. Although they induced a common set of genes, most differentially regulated genes were unique. Testing the roles of genes that were predicted to be important for counteracting the types of thiol oxidation that are preferentially caused by HOCl showed that Mxr1 (methionine-S-sulfoxide reductase), Srx1 (sulfiredoxin that reduces cysteine-sulfinic acid groups), and Trx1 (thioredoxin that acts to reduce disulfide bonds) all promoted resistance to HOCl. Altogether, these results suggest that an effective way to help promote the killing of
C. albicans
by neutrophils would be to perturb the
C. albicans
plasma membrane, rather than targeting one specific antioxidant pathway.

IMPORTANCE

Hypochlorous acid (HOCl), commonly known as bleach, is generated during the respiratory burst by phagocytes and is a key weapon used to attack
Candida albicans
and other microbial pathogens. However, the effects of hypochlorous acid on
C. albicans
have been less well studied than H
2
O
2
, a different type of oxidant produced by phagocytes. HOCl kills
C. albicans
more effectively than H
2
O
2
and results in disruption of the plasma membrane. HOCl induced a very different transcriptional response than H
2
O
2
, and there were significant differences in the susceptibility of mutant strains of
C. albicans
to these oxidants. Altogether, these results indicate that HOCl has distinct effects on cells that could be targeted in novel therapeutic strategies to enhance the killing of
C. albicans
and other pathogens.
Genome sequences of 13
Bacillus anthracis
Sterne bacteriophages isolated from soil in the western
United States
Authors: Fairholm Jacob D. , James Rebecca , Lavering Emily D. , Ogilvie Benjamin H. , Thurgood Trever L. , Robison Richard A. , Grose Julianne H. 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT

Bacillus anthracis,
classified as a Tier 1 Select Agent by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), is the causative agent of anthrax in both humans and livestock. Herein, we report the full genome sequences of 13 bacteriophages that infect
B. anthracis
Sterne. These phages are grouped into four clusters and are similar to previously described
Bacillus
phages.
Draft genome sequence of NDM-5, CMY-42 carrying carbapenem-resistant
Escherichia coli
Authors: Mudaliar Yogesh , Kalaikumari S. Santha , M. Nithyasri , N. B. Mathi Roshini , Raj Marquess , J. Meera , Elangovan Elavarashi , Perumal Kumar 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT

We report the draft genome sequence of carbapenem-resistant
Escherichia coli
(CREC-1) of sequence type (ST2083) isolated from a urine sample of a 2-year-old female toddler carrying antimicrobial resistance genes
blaNDM-5
and
blaCMY-42
which displays resistance against multiple classes of antibiotics notably β-lactam antibiotics, cephalosporins, and carbapenem and codes for several virulence factors.
Reference library for microbial source tracking in the mid-Atlantic United States
Authors: Bowen Malique , farag Ibrahim F. , Main Christopher R. , Biddle Jennifer F. 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT
Microbial source tracking can determine fecal contamination but requires a relevant, sizable reference library for analysis. We provide a reference library of 100+ fecal microbiome samples relevant to mid-Atlantic United States ecosystems. Included are wild and domesticated fauna, wastewater, and septic samples applicable to Delaware source tracking studies.
Current definitions of advanced multimorbidity: a protocol for a scoping review
Authors: Bowers Sarah P , Black Polly , McCheyne Lewis , Wilson Darcy , Mills Sarah E E , Agrawal Utkarsh , Williams Linda , Quirk Frances , Bowden Jo 
Published: November 2023

IntroductionPeople living with and dying from multimorbidity are increasing in number, and ensuring quality care for this population is one of the major challenges facing healthcare providers. People with multimorbidity often have a high burden of palliative and end-of-life care needs, though they do not always access specialist palliative care services. A key reason for this is that they are often not identified as being in the last stages of their life by current healthcare providers and systems.This scoping review aims to identify and present the available evidence on how people with multimorbidity are currently included in research, policy and clinical practice.Methods and analysisScoping review methodology, based on Arksey and O’Malley’s framework, will be undertaken and presented using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews. Search terms have been generated using the key themes of ‘multimorbidity’, ‘end of life’ and ‘palliative care’. Peer-reviewed research will be obtained through systematic searching of Medline, EMBASE, CINAHL, Scopus and PsycINFO. Grey literature will be searched in a systematic manner. Literature containing a definition for adults with multimorbidity in a terminal phase of their illness experience will be included. After screening studies for eligibility, included studies will be described in terms of setting and characteristics as well as using inductive content analysis to highlight the commonalities in definitions.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is not required for this scoping review. The findings of the scoping review will be used internally as part of SPB’s PhD thesis at the University of St Andrews through the Multimorbidity Doctoral Training Programme for Health Professionals, which is supported by the Wellcome Trust (223499/Z/21/Z) and published in an open access, peer-reviewed journal for wider dissemination.
The Concatenating Relationship between Political Clientelism and Citizen Quiescence in Kenya
Authors: Mutuku Richard K. , Owuoche Solomon O. , Jonyo Fred O. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Political clientelism is an intractable problem that neuters transparent governance and public accountability in Kenya. On the one hand, is the patron (ruler/politician), and on the other hand, a client (voter) who engages in a reciprocal exchange of tokens, monetary donations, and favors to extract benefits from one another. Often, the patron gains by garnering loyalty from voters, while the client may benefit from small rewards such as monetary gains and favors. Such a dyadic relationship yields an unequal reciprocal exchange between the two agents. The aim of this study is to investigate the extent to which political clientelism influences citizen inaction (quiescence) when demanding public accountability from their patrons in Kenya. The study applied a mixed-method technique. The primary data was collected from a sample of 100 respondents drawn from Nairobi City County using self-administered questionnaires. The data was analyzed using SPSS to perform both descriptive and inferential statistics. The results revealed a direct relationship between political clientelism and citizen quiescence, yielding R(98) = 0.896, p < 0.05, and R2 0.803. The findings indicate that political clientelism could explain 80.3% of the variance in predicting citizen quiescence. In other words, the researchers concluded that citizens were less likely to demand more accountability from political leaders in an environment undergirded by high levels of clientelism.
An Embodiment of Hope and Unanticipated Horror: Civil Society’s Expectations and Views on the Transition from Mugabe to Mnangagwa
Authors: Mutekwe Paddington 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The forceful removal of Robert Mugabe in 2017 brought about high expectations of political transformation and debates on civil society’s role in Mugabe’s downfall. This paper examines civil society’s role in the removal of Mugabe and the continuities and changes brought by the Emerson Mnangagwa regime. The paper contributes to studies that convincingly show that the Mnangagwa regime has failed to bring fundamental change to the ‘new dispensation.’ However, these studies do not capture civil society’s role in Mugabe’s downfall, its expectations of life after Mugabe, and people’s lived experiences in the new dispensation. This paper locates this gap in the methodology employed by studies on the transition from Mugabe to Mnangagwa – these studies mostly analyzed policy documents, published literature, and newspapers. This methodology did not capture the voices of grassroots activists and organizations. Therefore, this paper used in-depth interviews to capture civil society’s role in the downfall of Mugabe, its expectations of the new dispensation, and its lived experiences in the new dispensation. The paper argues that civil society played a sanitizing role in the ZANU-PF factional battles and the new dispensation that was an embodiment of hope has turned out to be an unanticipated horror since the expectations that the masses had have not been met.
Transnational Mobilities in Search of Refuge
Authors: Onanuga Ayobami Olajumoke , Onanuga Paul Ayodele 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Geographical considerations continue to manifest in and influence the narratives surrounding non-heteronormative sexualities. Within this context, borders become central to the politics of inclusion-exclusion. In this study, we engage Jude Dibia’s Walking with Shadows, Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie’s “The Shivering,” and Uzondinma Iweala’s Speak No Evil in view of their engagement of the tripodal issues of homosexuality, home and migration. We interrogate the depictions and counterbalances evoked by the juxtaposition of the artistic motifs of ‘home’ versus migration; and argue that this dichotomy is wielded firstly as a form of escape from a judgmental ‘home’ and then as a means of providing a contrastive engagement of the perception of homosexuality within different territorial borders. Such transnational enactments of mobilities, we believe, also constitute platforms though which these authors channel energies and support on the way to soliciting acknowledgement and acceptance for people of alternative sexualities.