bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inclination angles for Be stars determined using machine learning
Authors: Lailey B D , Sigut T A A 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT
We test the viability of training machine learning algorithms with synthetic $\rm H\, \alpha$ line profiles to determine the inclination angles (the angle between the central B star’s rotation axis and the observer’s line of sight) of B emission (Be) stars from a single observed medium-resolution, moderate signal-to-noise ratio spectrum. The performances of three different machine learning algorithms were compared: neural networks tasked with regression, neural networks tasked with classification, and support vector regression. Of these three algorithms, neural networks tasked with regression consistently outperformed the other methods with a root mean squared error of 7.6° on an observational sample of 92 galactic Be stars with inclination angles known from direct $\rm H\, \alpha$ profile fitting, from the spectroscopic signature of gravitational darkening, and, in a few cases, from interferometric observations that resolved the disc. The trained neural networks enable a quick and useful determination of the inclination angles of observed Be stars, which can be used to search for correlated spin axes in young open clusters or to extract an equatorial rotation velocity from a measurement of vsin i.
EDGE: The direct link between mass growth history and the extended stellar haloes of the faintest dwarf galaxies
Authors: Goater Alex , Read Justin I , Noël Noelia E D , Orkney Matthew D A , Kim Stacy Y , Rey Martin P , Andersson Eric P , Agertz Oscar , Pontzen Andrew , Vieliute Roberta , Kataria Dhairya , Jeneway Kiah 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT
Ultra-faint dwarf galaxies (UFDs) are commonly found in close proximity to the Milky Way and other massive spiral galaxies. As such, their projected stellar ellipticity and extended light distributions are often thought to owe to tidal forces. In this paper, we study the projected stellar ellipticities and faint stellar outskirts of tidally isolated ultra-faints drawn from the ‘Engineering Dwarfs at Galaxy Formation’s Edge’ (EDGE) cosmological simulation suite. Despite their tidal isolation, our simulated dwarfs exhibit a wide range of projected ellipticities (0.03 &lt; ε &lt; 0.85), with many possessing anisotropic extended stellar haloes that mimic tidal tails, but owe instead to late-time accretion of lower mass companions. Furthermore, we find a strong causal relationship between ellipticity and formation time of a UFD, which is robust to a wide variation in the feedback model. We show that the distribution of projected ellipticities in our suite of simulated EDGE dwarfs matches well with a sample of 19 Local Group dwarf galaxies and a sample of 11 isolated dwarf galaxies. Given ellipticity in EDGE arises from an ex-situ accretion origin, the agreement in shape indicates the ellipticities of some observed dwarfs may also originate from a non-tidal scenario. The orbital parameters of these observed dwarfs further support that they are not currently tidally disrupting. If the baryonic content in these galaxies is still tidally intact, then the same may be true for their dark matter content, making these galaxies in our Local Group pristine laboratories for testing dark matter and galaxy formation models.
Sub-mJy radio emission from high-redshift active galactic nuclei in the footprint of the VLA Sky Survey
Authors: Perger Krisztina , Frey Sándor , Gabányi Krisztina É 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT
Using empty-field ‘Quick Look’ images from the first two epochs of the VLA Sky Survey (VLASS) observations, centred on the positions of ∼3700 individually radio-non-detected active galactic nuclei (AGNs) at z ≥ 4, we performed image stacking analysis to examine the sub-mJy emission at 3 GHz. We found characteristic monochromatic radio powers of Pchar = (2–13) × 1024 W Hz−1, indicating that AGN-related radio emission is widespread in the sample. The signal-to-noise ratios of the redshift-binned median stacked maps are between 4–6, and we expect that with the inclusion of the yet to be completed third-epoch VLASS observations, the detection limit defined as signal-to-noise ratio SNR ≥ 6 could be reached, and the redshift dependence can be determined. To obtain information on the general spectral properties of the faint radio emission in high-redshift AGNs, we confined the sample to ∼3000 objects covered by both the VLASS and the Faint Images of the Radio Sky at Twenty-centimeters (FIRST) survey. We found that the flux densities from the median stacked maps show a characteristic spectral index of α* = −0.30 ± 0.15, which is in agreement with the median spectral index of the radio-detected z ≥ 4 AGNs from our high-redshift AGN catalogue. The three-band mid-infrared colour–colour diagram based on Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer observations provides further support regarding the AGN contribution to the radio emission in the sub-mJy sample.
Halo growth and merger rates as a cosmological test
Authors: Amoura Yuba , Drakos Nicole E , Berrouet Anael , Taylor James E 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT
Dark matter haloes grow at a rate that depends on the value of the cosmological parameters σ8 and Ωm through the initial power spectrum and the linear growth factor. While halo abundance is routinely used to constrain these parameters, through cluster abundance studies, the halo growth rate is not. In recent work, we proposed constraining the cosmological parameters using observational estimates of the overall dynamical ‘age’ of clusters, expressed, for instance, by their half-mass assembly redshift z50. Here, we explore the prospects for using the instantaneous growth rate, as estimated from the halo merger rate, from the average growth rate over the last dynamical time, or from the fraction of systems with recent episodes of major growth. We show that the merger rate is mainly sensitive to the amplitude of fluctuations σ8, while the rates of recent growth provide constraints in the Ωm–σ8 plane that are almost orthogonal to those provided by abundance studies. Data collected for forthcoming cluster abundance studies, or studies of the galaxy merger rate in current and future galaxy surveys, may thus provide additional constraints on the cosmological parameters complementary to those already derived from halo abundance.
The impact of binary stars on the dust and metal evolution of galaxies
Authors: Yates Robert M , Hendriks David , Vijayan Aswin P , Izzard Robert G , Thomas Peter A , Das Payel 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT
We present detailed implementations of (i) binary stellar evolution (BSE; using binary_c) and (ii) dust production and destruction into the cosmological semi-analytic galaxy evolution simulation, l-galaxies. This new version of l-galaxies is compared to a version assuming only single stars and to global and spatially-resolved observational data across a range of redshifts (z). We find that binaries have a negligible impact on the stellar masses, gas masses, and star formation rates of galaxies if the total mass ejected by massive stars is unchanged. This is because massive stars determine the strength of supernova (SN) feedback, which in turn regulates galaxy growth. Binary effects, such as common envelope ejection and novae, affect carbon and nitrogen enrichment in galaxies; however, heavier alpha elements are more affected by the choice of SN and wind yields. Unlike many other simulations, the new l-galaxies reproduces observed dust-to-metal (DTM) and dust-to-gas (DTG) ratios at z ∼ 0–4. This is mainly due to shorter dust accretion time-scales in dust-rich environments. However, dust masses are under-predicted at z ≳ 4, highlighting the need for enhanced dust production at early times in simulations, possibly accompanied by increased star formation. On sub-galactic scales, there is very good agreement between l-galaxies and observed dust and metal radial profiles at z = 0. A drop in DTM ratio is also found in diffuse low-metallicity regions, contradicting the assumption of a universal value. We hope that this work serves as a useful template for BSE implementations in other cosmological simulations in future.
Stellar properties of an actively accreting Algol-type eclipsing binary 2M16212643+2136590
Authors: Kounkel Marina , Statti Matteo , Kulkarni Avani , Stassun Keivan G , Sun Meng 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT
Interacting binary stars undergo evolution that is significantly different from single stars, thus, a larger sample of such systems with precisely determined stellar parameters is needed to understand the complexities of this process. We present an analysis of a hierarchical triple containing a spectroscopically double-lined eclipsing binary, 2M16+21. Our calculations show that this system has undergone significant mass transfer, with the current mass and radius of the donor of 0.33 M⊙ and 2.55 R⊙, as well as the accretor of 1.37 M⊙ and 2.20 R⊙, resulting in a mass ratio of 4.2. Despite the already significant mass loss from the donor, shedding well over half its initial gas, mass transfer remains active. The shock from the accretion has produced a spot on the surface of the accretor that is ∼2 times hotter than the photosphere, reaching temperatures of ∼10 000 K and producing significant UV excess. This shock temperature is comparable to what is seen in the pre-main sequence stars that undergo active accretion. The compactness of the hot spot of just ∼2° is one of the smallest observed in systems exhibiting binary mass transfer, pointing to the recency of its formation, as such it can be used to explicitly trace the point of impact of the accretion stream. The donor of this system may be a sub-sub-giant; comparing it with systems with similar initial conditions may help with understanding the formation processes of such stars.
Bayesian model selection for GRB 211211A through multiwavelength analyses
Authors: Kunert N , Antier S , Nedora V , Bulla M , Pang P T H , Anand S , Coughlin M , Tews I , Barnes J , Hussenot-Desenonges T , Healy B , Jegou du Laz T , Pilloix M , Kiendrebeogo W , Dietrich T 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT
Although GRB 211211A is one of the closest gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), its classification is challenging because of its partially inconclusive electromagnetic signatures. In this paper, we investigate four astrophysical scenarios as possible progenitors for GRB 211211A: a binary neutron star merger, a black hole–neutron star merger, a core-collapse supernova, and an r-process enriched core collapse of a rapidly rotating massive star (a collapsar). We perform a large set of Bayesian multiwavelength analyses based on different models describing these scenarios and priors to investigate which astrophysical scenarios and processes might be related to GRB 211211A. Our analysis supports previous studies in which the presence of an additional component, likely related to r-process nucleosynthesis, is required to explain the observed light curves of GRB 211211A, as it cannot be explained solely as a GRB afterglow. Fixing the distance to about $350~\rm Mpc$, namely the distance of the possible host galaxy SDSS J140910.47+275320.8, we find a statistical preference for a binary neutron star merger scenario.
Improving the RNA velocity approach with single-cell RNA lifecycle (nascent, mature and degrading RNAs) sequencing technologies
Authors: Zhang Chen , Fang Yitong , Chen Weitian , Chen Zhichao , Zhang Ying , Xie Yeming , Chen Wenfang , Xie Zhe , Guo Mei , Wang Juan , Tan Chen , Wang Hongqi , Tang Chong 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We presented an experimental method called FLOUR-seq, which combines BD Rhapsody and nanopore sequencing to detect the RNA lifecycle (including nascent, mature, and degrading RNAs) in cells. Additionally, we updated our HIT-scISOseq V2 to discover a more accurate RNA lifecycle using 10x Chromium and Pacbio sequencing. Most importantly, to explore how single-cell full-length RNA sequencing technologies could help improve the RNA velocity approach, we introduced a new algorithm called ‘Region Velocity’ to more accurately configure cellular RNA velocity. We applied this algorithm to study spermiogenesis and compared the performance of FLOUR-seq with Pacbio-based HIT-scISOseq V2. Our findings demonstrated that ‘Region Velocity’ is more suitable for analyzing single-cell full-length RNA data than traditional RNA velocity approaches. These novel methods could be useful for researchers looking to discover full-length RNAs in single cells and comprehensively monitor RNA lifecycle in cells.
DiffSegR: an RNA-seq data driven method for differential expression analysis using changepoint detection
Authors: Liehrmann Arnaud , Delannoy Etienne , Launay-Avon Alexandra , Gilbault Elodie , Loudet Olivier , Castandet Benoît , Rigaill Guillem 
Published: November 2023

AbstractTo fully understand gene regulation, it is necessary to have a thorough understanding of both the transcriptome and the enzymatic and RNA-binding activities that shape it. While many RNA-Seq-based tools have been developed to analyze the transcriptome, most only consider the abundance of sequencing reads along annotated patterns (such as genes). These annotations are typically incomplete, leading to errors in the differential expression analysis. To address this issue, we present DiffSegR - an R package that enables the discovery of transcriptome-wide expression differences between two biological conditions using RNA-Seq data. DiffSegR does not require prior annotation and uses a multiple changepoints detection algorithm to identify the boundaries of differentially expressed regions in the per-base log2 fold change. In a few minutes of computation, DiffSegR could rightfully predict the role of chloroplast ribonuclease Mini-III in rRNA maturation and chloroplast ribonuclease PNPase in (3′/5′)-degradation of rRNA, mRNA and tRNA precursors as well as intron accumulation. We believe DiffSegR will benefit biologists working on transcriptomics as it allows access to information from a layer of the transcriptome overlooked by the classical differential expression analysis pipelines widely used today. DiffSegR is available at https://aliehrmann.github.io/DiffSegR/index.html.
Scandinavian Legal Realism in the Law of Contract
Authors: Hellner Jan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Scandinavian legal realism seems to be a fairly well-known body of ideas in so far as it is often mentioned in general surveys of jurisprudence.1 However, it has never had any strong influence outside Scandinavia and there are few who adhere strictly to it nowadays. The founder of the school was the Swedish philosopher Axel Hagerstrom (1868-1939). His best-known Swedish followers were Vilhelm Lundstedt (1882-1955) and Karl Olivecrona (1897-1980). The Dane Alf Ross (1899-1980) is generally considered to belong to the school as well and he is perhaps the one who is most read at present. Ross began as a follower of Kelsen and retained in his later writings many of the ideas that he absorbed during this period. There is also an influence from logical positivism in his chief work, which has been translated into English under the title On Law and Justice (1958). This illustrates the fact that, in spite of their being considered to form one school and in spite of the influence of Hagerstrom on these legal scientists, they exhibit important differences among themselves.
The Role of the Judiciary: Lessons from the End of Empire
Authors: Stevens Robert 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This paper is an attempt to analyse the relationship between, on the one hand, the role of courts as governmental institutions; and, on the other, the way and the grounds on which judges are selected to hear particular cases, and the views and attitudes of judges concerning the political significance of their decisions. This issue will be approached through a study of the work of the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council over the last one hundred years. Among other things, the study will bear out Patrick Atiyah’s view that there is an ‘English belief that it is largely immaterial which judges hear which appeals’, which leads to a failure to appreciate that the composition of a court can determine in advance the outcome of cases of political significance
Negligence and Economic Loss
Authors: Dwyer John 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the April 1967 issue of the Law Quarterly Review Patrick Atiyah, then a Fellow of New College, published a characteristically thoughtful and lucid paper on ‘Negligence and Economic Loss’. In it he considered the effect of the then recent decision in Hedley Byrne & Co. Ltd. v. Heller & Partners Ltd. (‘Hedley Byrne’) on what he described as ‘the general rule that liability in the tort of negligence did not extend to purely economic loss’. Feldthusen in his monograph Economic Negligence suggests that no such general rule then existed and that Atiyah’s paper was influential in the development of the approach in England and the British Commonwealth which subsumed various categories of economic loss under a general rule.
Denmark
Authors: Marstrand-Jorgensen Mads , Posner Bernhard 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Denmark became an EC Member State as from 1 January 1973. Consequently Regulation (EEC) 3842/86, and subsequently Regulation (EC) 3295/94 as amended by Regulation (EC) 241/1999 have been applicable in Denmark from the day of their entry into force. Though the provisions of Regulation 3295/94 were directly applicable in Denmark, the national Danish Lawon Application of the Regulation set out a few supplementary provisions regarding the exercise of the powers vested in the customs authority.
France
Authors: Biardeaud Juliette 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
France is not only situated in the geographical heart of Europe, sharing land borders with Belgium, Luxembourg, Germany, Italy, Spain, and a short distance across the Channel from the United Kingdom, but it is also at the forefront of industry, notably in the luxury goods sector. It is therefore an ideal target market for counterfeiters, and also an interesting platform for transit purposes.
Hungary
Authors: Bérczes László 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Hungary introduced the first law on border measures in respect of goods suspected of infringing certain intellectual property rights in 1997 in the form of the Government Decree No 128 of 1997 (‘the 1997 Decree’) which entered into force as of 1 August 1997. This law was inspired by the provisions of EC Regulation 3295/94and the TRIPs Agreement.However it was applied not only to counterfeit or pirated goods but also to parallel imports.
Lithuania
Authors: Lukošiūtė Asta 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The effective fight against counterfeiting and piracy in Lithuania started in the spring of 2000 and was considerably strengthened with the adoption on 21 December 2001 of the Law on the protection of intellectual property rights upon importation and exportation of goods (‘the Intellectual Property Law’).This Law entered into force on 1 January 2001 and was already in line with Council Regulation (EC) 3295/94,but more importantly, it anticipated the draft document that became Council Regulation (EC) 1383/2003.
Luxembourg
Authors: Cywie Gary 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Council Regulation (EEC) 3842/86 of 1 December 1986 laying down measures to prohibit the release for free circulation of counterfeit goodsentered into force in Luxembourg on 1 January 1988. Considering that the provisions of this Regulation were directly applicable in Luxembourg as of the day of its publication in the Official Journal of the European Communities,the Luxembourg authorities satisfied themselves with adopting a Decree on 29 June 1988 relating to the application of Regulation 3842/86, which specified the competent authority referred to in Article 3 of this Regulation.
The Netherlands
Authors: Noordzij Christine , Maks Marchien , Mutsaerts Frits , Grondman Maaike 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Before Council Regulation (EC) No 1383/2003(the ‘Regulation’) came into force on 1 July 2004, the Netherlands, being a founding Member State of the European Community, already actively enforced the previous Council Regulations No 3842/86 and No 3295/94 (the ‘Previous Regulations’).Through the years national law has been amended in the Netherlands to ensure consistency with these Previous Regulations. Since the Regulation is based on its predecessors, no additional amendments were required.
Poland
Authors: Rzążewska Dorota , Senda Zofia 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Poland’s accession to the European Union—on 1 May 2004—is an important turning point in the transition from national legislation on border measures to the Regulations of European Law. Until 30 April 2004, proceedings conducted by Polish customs authorities in the case of suspected entry into the Polish customs area of infringed goods were based on national law.
Molecular diagnostic yield for Blau syndrome in previously diagnosed juvenile idiopathic arthritis with uveitis or cutaneous lesions
Authors: Zhong Zhenyu , Dai Lingyu , Ding Jiadong , Gao Yu , Su Guannan , Zhu Yunyun , Deng Yang , Li Fuzhen , Gao Yuan , Yang Peizeng 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Objective
Diagnostic pitfalls often arise in the community because of potentially misleading similarities between juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) and Blau syndrome, an immune-related disorder caused by NOD2 gene mutations. It remains unclear in which population and to what extent next-generation sequencing techniques can aid in diagnosis.

Methods
We evaluated clinical usefulness of targeted next-generation sequencing in previously diagnosed JIA. Participants were required to have symptoms and signs suspected of Blau syndrome, including at least uveitis or cutaneous lesions in addition to arthritis. Targeted sequencing was conducted on NOD2 gene to detect diagnostic variants classified as pathogenic or likely pathogenic for Blau syndrome. We assessed the molecular diagnostic yield and clinical implications for patient care.

Results
Between 1 May 2008 and 1 June 2021, sequencing data were accrued from 123 previously diagnosed JIA (median age: 5 years; female: 62.6%). Targeted NOD2 sequencing yielded a positive molecular diagnosis of Blau syndrome in 21.1% (95% CI: 14.9%, 29.2%), encompassing six heterozygous missense mutations classified as pathogenic variants. Among those receiving a molecular diagnosis, changes in clinical management and treatment were considered as having occurred in 38.5%. Nine predictors were identified as being associated with a higher diagnostic yield, providing clinical clues to suspect the possibility of Blau syndrome.

Conclusion
Among some patients with paediatric-onset arthritis complicated with uveitis or cutaneous lesions, reassessment of the diagnosis of JIA may be warranted. Targeted NOD2 sequencing established the molecular diagnosis of Blau syndrome in nearly one-fifth of these cases and provided clinically relevant information for patient-care decisions.