bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
November 18 Kiss Me, Kate
Authors: Suskin Steven 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Kiss Me, Kate, the 1948 musical comedy that remains one of the classics of Broadway’s golden age, has for many years proven stubbornly nonrevivable. The main reasons: The show needs a charismatic, strong-voiced actor with a self-lampooning sense of humor and— hopefully— some ticket-selling ability; the libretto is weaker than you might expect for a classic musical comedy; and Bella Spewack, the surviving coauthor of the show, was overly protective of — and somewhat hypersensitive about— her biggest hit (and major source of income) until her death in 1990.
December 2 Marie Christine
Authors: Suskin Steven 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Consider this: an unpalatable new musical— decidedly not musical comedy— from some of the theatre’s top talents, with a provocative theme; a pessimistic outlook; unconventional music (at least by Broadway standards); strikingly modern staging and scenery; and a bunch of characters so unappetizingly drawn that you wouldn’t especially want to go to dinner with them. A recipe for exciting, groundbreaking musical theatre that will shake up the form and convert the pagan nonbelievers? Or is it a recipe for disaster? The show I am describing, obviously, is Michael John LaChiusa and Graciela Daniele’s Marie Christine. But no; I am speaking of Jason Robert Brown and Harold Prince’s Parade. Well, actually not; I was referring to Stephen Sondheim and Prince’s Merrily We Roll Along, or perhaps Sondheim and Prince’s Pacific Overtures. Although if truth be told, I was really, truly, actually talking about Sondheim, Prince, and Michael Bennett’s Follies.
February 10 On A Clear Day You Can See Forever
Authors: Suskin Steven 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Lyricist-librettist Alan Jay Lerner and his composer-partner Frederick Loewe were roundly hailed as successors to Rodgers and Hammerstein upon the opening of My Fair Lady in 1956. Their musicalization of Shaw’s Pygmalion was instantaneously acclaimed a classic — deservedly so — and its authors just as instantaneously lionized as masters of musical theatre. (When My Fair Lady came to town, Rodgers and Hammerstein’s days of greatness had apparently passed. Both were ailing, and they had written two consecutive failures.)
March 23 Aida
Authors: Suskin Steven 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
How bad does a musical have to be for the producers to take their names off it? I’m not talking about selling away one’s share of the potential profits — and responsibility for future losses — like most of the original Scarlet Pimpernel producers did. Rather, simply putting a cloak of anonymity around your good name while nevertheless peddling the merchandise.
I can recall a case when David Merrick so disliked a play, its author, its director, and its drug-addicted legendary ex–movie star that he ordered his propman, Leo Herbert, to go out front at the Forrest Theatre in Philadelphia and cover up the words “David Merrick Presents” with red adhesive tape. But Merrick had already decided to close the show at the end of the week, thereby refunding the advance sale money to the customers. He didn’t merely replace his name with a pseudonym and keep the Broadway booking, which is what Hyperion Theatricals (aka Disney) did three weeks before starting previews at the Palace. Disney has several film-releasing units, for different types of movies; but they don’t generally switch from the family-oriented Disney to the controversial Miramax after the film has opened in a couple of cities.
April 12 Rose
Authors: Suskin Steven 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Martin Sherman’s Rose was born in a shtetl in the Ukraine, where she lived through a pogrom; moved to Warsaw, where she lived through the establishment and destruction of the ghetto; watched as a clean-shaven young soldier, for no reason, shot and killed her three-year-old daughter; fled to the sewers, where she spent two years (“You do things to stay alive,” she intones); journeyed to Palestine on the dilapidated hulk of a boat called the Exodus; avoided a displaced person camp by marrying an American deckhand; ran a beach-chair concession in Atlantic City during the Miss America pageant (which was maybe more frightening than some of her other experiences); became a Miami Beach hotelier, under the name Rose Rose (don’t ask); escaped to a Connecticut commune with a long-haired guitar player half her age, where she smoked pot and was known as “Cool Mama”; watched her son leave Miami to fight in the Six-Day War; visited her son and his wife — a converted shiksa from Kansas named Kim— on the kibbutz; journeyed to see Kim— now divorced— who had become a radical settler in the occupied territory; and watched on television as her rightwing grandson, for no reason, shot and killed a young Palestinian girl.
Introduction
Authors: Cooper Jack R , Bloom Floyd E , Roth Robert H 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Neuropharmacology can be defined simply as the study of drugs that affect nervous tissue. This, however, is not a practical definition since a great many drugs whose therapeutic value is extraneural can affect the nervous system. For example, the cardiotonic drug digitalis will not uncommonly produce central nervous system (CNS) effects ranging from blurred vision to disorientation. For our purposes, we must accordingly limit the scope of neuropharmacology to those drugs specifically employed to affect the nervous system. The domain of neuropharmacology would thus include psychotropic drugs that affect mood and behavior, anesthetics, sedatives, hypnotics, narcotics, anticonvulsants, analgesics, and a variety of drugs that affect the autonomic nervous system.
Dopamine
Authors: Cooper Jack R , Bloom Floyd E , Roth Robert H 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Dopamine is the most recently discovered catecholamine transmitter in the mammalian brain. Until the mid-1950s it was exclusively considered to be an intermediate in the biosynthesis of the catecholamines norepinephrine and epinephrine. Significant tissue levels of dopamine were first demonstrated in peripheral organs of ruminant species. A short time later, Montagu, Carlsson, and co-workers found that dopamine was also present in the brain in about equal concentrations to those of norepinephrine but with a quite different distribution.
Serotonin (5-Hydroxytryptamine), Histamine, and Adenosine
Authors: Cooper Jack R , Bloom Floyd E , Roth Robert H 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Of all the neurotransmitters discussed in this book, serotonin remains historically the most intimately involved with neuropsychopharmacology. From the mid-nineteenth century, scientists had been aware that a substance found in serum caused powerful contraction of smooth muscle organs, but over 100 years passed before scientists at the Cleveland Clinic succeeded in isolating this substance as a possible cause of high blood pressure.
What and Why is Art?
Authors: Eaton Marcia Muelder 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
ARTISTIC activity can be understood and appreciated only when we recognize and acknowledge what and why people have engaged in it for as long as we have reason to believe that there were any people doing anything at all. From making things to looking at things, individuals and groups may not always have used terms translatable without loss to ‘art’ or ‘aesthetic’, but when from our own temporal and cultural viewpoint, we describe what people did and do, these terms come forth as readily as ‘harvest’ or ‘parent’, ‘prayer’ or ‘battle’. I am not interested here in arguing that art should be such and such or that when people engage in aesthetic activity they should do it in special ways. Rather, I insist, we must consider what people in fact do and have done when they dress up and dance, climb a hill for a better view, listen to a story, make sounds that blend with sounds others are making, or point to an image in clouds or acrylic. No matter how often or long people are told that aesthetic activity is isolated from science or morality or religion or politics, we keep using aesthetic objects and events for all of these ends. People always and everywhere have and, unless human nature undergoes a radical transformation, will continue to make love, commemorate those we admire, instruct, insult, amuse, and try to make sense of the world by using aesthetic objects and events. Despite some theorists’ insistence that the aesthetic is separate from the rest of our lives and that its importance derives from this separation, human experience contradicts them.
Aesthetics: The Mother of Ethics?
Authors: Eaton Marcia Muelder 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Both strong and weak formalists who insist on the separation of ethics and aesthetics exhibit, I have suggested, a zeal for establishing a rightful place for the latter. Some theorists express a similar zeal in maintaining not only that the moral does not always come first but also that actually it comes second. I believe that this is also a mistake—another version of the separatist mistake—but it is one that takes us further toward a correct integrationist view1. In his Nobel laureate address in 1988, the poet Joseph Brodsky said, “On the whole, every new aesthetic reality makes man’s ethical reality more precise. For aesthetics is the mother of ethics:’2. Many philosophers of art have struggled to convince others that aesthetics and ethics are connected; some of us have gone so far as to claim that aesthetic and ethical values are, at least sometimes, equally important and serious. That was the topic of the last chapter. But few go so far as Brodsky does in this remark. One might even construe it as hyperbole. Another author, Andre Gide, when asked in an interview what morality is, responded, “A branch of aesthetics.”3 One senses that Gide was trying to be outrageous or cute. I think Brodsky, however, was quite serious. What could it possibly mean to say that aesthetics is the motherof ethics? In his lecture, Brodsky did not spell out in any de tail what he meant, but the phrase enthralls me and I believe that consideration of possible interpretations of it sheds light on the extent to which aesthetics and ethics are integrated.
Preludio: Renaissance
Authors: Clark Walter Aaron 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art in Kansas City hangs a portrait by Francisco Goya of Don Ignacio O’Mulryany Rourera, and the curatorial commentary along-side it declares with breathtaking self-assurance that between Goya and Picasso, Span-ish art descended into “bourgeois mediocrity.” There is a lot of ideological baggage in such a view. The automatic linking of the bourgeoisie with mediocrity strikes an es-pecially curious note. For, were not the art, literature, and music of the nineteenth century molded by the tastes of the bourgeoisie that patronized them? In particular, are we prepared to dismiss all Spanish paintings between the royally commissioned works of Goya and the modernistic creations of Picasso as tainted by mediocrity? Ob-viously, some of us are.
La Maja de Goya
Authors: Clark Walter Aaron 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A great debate raged in Spain in the 1890s and early 1900s, centering around the na- tion’s place in the world, its identity and future. In the latter part of the nineteenth century, conservative politicians like Antonio Cánovas promoted xenophobia and fueled distrust of foreign influence, at the same time asserting the view that Spain was a major power and had an important role to play in the world. Spain’s defeat in its war with the United States in 1898 made it more difficult to embrace such a fantasy. Illusions of national grandeur proved unsustainable in the aftermath of such humiliation and the loss of the remnants of a once-vast empire.
Epílogo: The Legacy of Granados
Authors: Clark Walter Aaron 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Posterity’s assessment of Granados will never place him alongside the composers he admired most: Beethoven, Schumann, Chopin, and Wagner. He was not in their class; he knew it, and so do we. There is no doubt, however, that he does enjoy a perma- nent place in the pantheon of European composers, if only as a minor deity. Certain of his works have attained those twin peaks of popularity and critical respect that as- sure some measure of immortality to a creative artist.
The Holistic Health Explosion: Acupuncture
Authors: Whorton James C 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Acrisis of confidence in modern medicine is upon us,” Ivan Illich announced near the beginning of his 1975 Medical Nemesis. Crisis was in fact the medical leitmotif of the decade. On assuming the presidency in 1969, Richard Nixon had warned Americans that “we face a massive crisis” in medical care, and a national poll conducted a year later found that three-fourths of heads of households agreed with the statement “There is a crisis in health care in the United States.” Rising costs and limited accessibility to care were major factors in generating the sense of crisis, but equally important was dissatisfaction with physicians. A wave of books such as Medical Nemesis, Thomas McKeown’s The Role of Medicine, Rick Carlson’s The End of Medicine, and Marcia Millman’s The Unkindest Cut, not to mention numerous articles in lay periodicals, repeatedly took the profession to task for a catalogue of sins both committed and omitted. The unifying theme of allopathic medicine’s antagonists, voiced so effectively by Illich, was that modern medicine was guilty of a “presumptious expertise” that required every form of human suffering to be pressed into its narrow biomechanical construct of disease. And just as hubris had been punished by the ancient Greeks through Nemesis, the goddess of retribution, so medicine would get its comeuppance for so arrogantly ignoring the human facets of illness that did not fit easily into the biomedical box. MDs would have to answer, in short, for not treating the whole patient.
Seizures in the Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Wijdicks Eelco F M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The circumstances that surround critical illness make patients more vulnerable to seizures. Aside from acute metabolic alterations, drug toxicity and drug withdrawal are common precipitating factors. However, seizures in critically ill patients may indicate a new catastrophic neurologic event, such as intracerebral hematoma, or herald an emerging central nervous system infection, particularly in the immunocompromised transplant population.
Neurologic Complications of Acute Renal Disease
Authors: Wijdicks Eelco F M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Patients can be distinguished by renal involvement during any critical illness, such as sepsis, hypovolemic shock, major endocrine disturbances, and rhabdomyolysis. Renal failure in an intensive care unit (ICU) after surgery has been recognized as a major cause of morbidity, and postoperative hemodynamic instability has an important role in pathogenesis. Temporarily, replacement of renal function may be needed through use of hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis, but oliguric acute renal failure is a major cause of death in the ICU.
Neurologic Complications of Organ Transplantation
Authors: Wijdicks Eelco F M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Despite the worrisome scarcity of organs and the substantial cost to society, transplantation has become firmly established as a viable cure for vital organ failure and not only for the fortunate few. The lives of many people are affected by transplantation, and most patients rate their quality of life as good or excellent. Most academic institutions have meticulously organized transplantation programs, yet several teams share the responsibility for care of the transplant patient. Currently, patients are admitted to surgical units specially equipped for transplant recipients.
Introduction: Conceptual Framework for Studies of the Herbaceous Layer
Authors: Gilliam Frank S , Roberts Mark R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Forest ecosystems have always been an integral part of human existence, whether as a source of food, fiber, and habitat, as an essential component in maintaining the atmospheric balance of O2 and CO2, or as a source of musical, artistic, or poetic inspiration. Yet, our image of forests often comes from the broad brush of a landscape perspective, whereby we see only the grandeur of the predominant vegetation—the trees. Such a distortion figuratively and literally masks the vegetation that, though of lesser stature, contains the most diverse and spatially and temporally dynamic assemblage of forest plants.
The Mentalizing Folk
Authors: Goldman Alvin I 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Ordinary people are mentalizers. The folk not only have mental states, but they represent themselves — both self and others — as having mental states. Many of these mental states (e.g., beliefs and desires) represent how the world is or ought to be. By representing themselves as having such first-order representational states, the folk engage in second-order representation, or metarepresentation. The class of representations is not exhausted, of course, by mental states; linguistic utterances and inscriptions are also representations though not mental ones. The representation of mental representation is a big enough topic for a single chapter, however, and it is all that I shall bite off here.
Climate
Authors: Mayr Ernst , Diamond Jared 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Theo a casual observer accustomed to the marked and predictable seasonality of the temperate zones —for example, to American soldiers fighting in Melanesian jungles during World War II —it might at first seem that Northern Melanesia’s cli mate could be described as “equatorial, tropical, hot, wet, and a seasonal.” By comparison with the temperate zones, this statement is approximately correct, but the climate is actually more complex, and the complexities are relevant to understanding bird distributions. Our account of climate is derived from Brookfield and Hart (1966), Scott et al. (1967), Whitmore (1974), and McAlpine et al.(1975). All of Northern Melanesia lies between latitudes 1°S and 11°S (fig. 0.2 on p. xiv). Thus, seasonal variation in temperature and in daily hours of sunlight is modest. Monthly means for daily temperature minima or maxima vary seasonally at any given site by only up to 1°C. At all available weather stations, all of which are located in the coastal lowlands, the mean maxima fall between 29 and 31°C, and the mean minima fall between 22 and 24°C. Presumably, temperatures decrease with elevation by about 2°C for every 300 m, as elsewhere in the equatorial tropics.
Absence of Geographic Variation
Authors: Mayr Ernst , Diamond Jared 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
One might expect that each species would be represented by a separate subspecies or allospecies on each island where the species occurs, if all of the following four conditions were met: 1) if the population of each island had been established by a single founding event; 2) if that event had occurred in the distant past, so that there would have been ample time since then for evolution to follow a different trajectory on each island; 3) if the populations of all islands had remained genetically isolated from each other since the founding event, without any subsequent gene flow between islands; and 4) if the phenotype of the species were sufficiently plastic. In addition, the likelihood of a distinct population on each island would be greater if each island differed considerably from all other islands in its physical environment (habitats, elevation, and area) and/or in its biological environment (competing species and predators), so that each population would have been exposed to different pressures.
Geographic Variation: Subspecies
Authors: Mayr Ernst , Diamond Jared 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Let us consider the frequency of geographic variation among Northern Melanesian species, at first without inquiring into the actual number of distinct populations per variable species. We can evaluate this frequency in two ways. First, take as the unit the zoogeographic species (superspecies, plus full species not belonging to superspecies). As explained in the first two paragraphs of chapter 17, Northern Melanesia has 191 such zoogeographic species that we analyze. How many of these analyzed species exhibit geographic variation within Northern Melanesia, regardless of whether it is at the level of the subspecies or allospecies? Of the 191 analyzed species, 100 do exhibit geographic variation (table 17.1): 65 of them are represented by multiple subspecies but not multiple allospecies within Northern Melanesia; 10 are represented by multiple allospecies, but none of those allospecies is divided further into multiple subspecies; and 25 are divided into multiple allospecies, some of which are further divided into multiple subspecies (appendix 5, columns “allo”
Introduction: The Skeptical Sublime Aesthetic Ideology in Pope and the Tory Satirists
Authors: Noggle James 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The sublime converges with various types of skepticism in late-seventeenth and early-eighteenth-century British thought to disrupt or trouble the period’s aesthetics, epistemology, and ideology in ways that have not been fully recognized. After Boileau’s French translation of Longinus’s On the Sublime brings the idea into European criticism in 1674, British writers attuned to the sublime’s skeptical implications produce an account of it different not only from that of Longinus but from those of Burke and Kant later in the eighteenth century, as well as from the major theories of sublimity developed in literary studies from the 1970s to today. The convergence of skepticism with the sublime exposes instabilities in the dominant epistemology of the post-Restoration period, which the leading intellectual histories have usually characterized as securely grounded on procedures of probability, sociable collaboration, and “moral certainty”: for a group of important writers, the skeptical sublime notes and dramatizes the occasional instability, alienation, and doubt that attend the age’s cultural projects. It also helps grant the aesthetic ideology of Dryden, Swift, and Pope its peculiar character. The so-called Tory satirists have been seen, in a sometimes muddled way, as both political reactionaries and supporters of new models of taste and civil society associated with the liberal-Whig ascendancy. While these satirists appeal to the protoaesthetic category of the sublime—alongside their Whig associates and enemies—to help stabilize British culture after the traumas of the Civil War and Revolution, they also use it to remark the uncertainties attending such means of stabilization and so to express their ambivalence about the emerging social order.