bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An EMC–Hpo–Yki axis maintains intestinal homeostasis under physiological and pathological conditions
Authors: Shi Lin , Ma Hubing , Wang Jinjun , Ma Meifang , Zhao Hang , Li Zhengran , Wang Jian-Hua , Wu Shian , Zhou Zizhang , Dong Meng-qiu , Li Zhouhua 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT
Balanced control of stem cell proliferation and differentiation underlines tissue homeostasis. Disruption of tissue homeostasis often results in many diseases. However, how endogenous factors influence the proliferation and differentiation of intestinal stem cells (ISCs) under physiological and pathological conditions remains poorly understood. Here, we find that the evolutionarily conserved endoplasmic reticulum membrane protein complex (EMC) negatively regulates ISC proliferation and intestinal homeostasis. Compromising EMC function in progenitors leads to excessive ISC proliferation and intestinal homeostasis disruption. Mechanistically, the EMC associates with and stabilizes Hippo (Hpo) protein, the key component of the Hpo signaling pathway. In the absence of EMC, Yorkie (Yki) is activated to promote ISC proliferation due to Hpo destruction. The EMC–Hpo–Yki axis also functions in enterocytes to maintain intestinal homeostasis. Importantly, the levels of the EMC are dramatically diminished in tunicamycin-treated animals, leading to Hpo destruction, thereby resulting in intestinal homeostasis disruption due to Yki activation. Thus, our study uncovers the molecular mechanism underlying the action of the EMC in intestinal homeostasis maintenance under physiological and pathological conditions and provides new insight into the pathogenesis of tunicamycin-induced tumorigenesis.
‘Distributed’ vision and the architecture of animal visual systems
Authors: Sumner-Rooney Lauren 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT
More than a century of research, of which JEB has published a substantial selection, has highlighted the rich diversity of animal eyes. From these studies have emerged numerous examples of visual systems that depart from our own familiar blueprint, a single pair of lateral cephalic eyes. It is now clear that such departures are common, widespread and highly diverse, reflecting a variety of different eye types, visual abilities and architectures. Many of these examples have been described as ‘distributed’ visual systems, but this includes several fundamentally different systems. Here, I re-examine this term, suggest a new framework within which to evaluate visual system distribution in both spatial and functional senses, and propose a roadmap for future work. The various architectures covered by this term reflect three broad strategies that offer different opportunities and require different approaches for study: the duplication of functionally identical eyes, the expression of multiple, functionally distinct eye types in parallel and the use of dispersed photoreceptors to mediate visual behaviour without eyes. Within this context, I explore some of the possible implications of visual system architecture for how visual information is collected and integrated, which has remained conceptually challenging in systems with a large degree of spatial and/or functional distribution. I highlight two areas that should be prioritised in future investigations: the whole-organism approach to behaviour and signal integration, and the evolution of visual system architecture across Metazoa. Recent advances have been made in both areas, through well-designed ethological experiments and the deployment of molecular tools.
Physiological differences between wild and captive animals: a century-old dilemma
Authors: Turko Andy J. , Firth Britney L. , Craig Paul M. , Eliason Erika J. , Raby Graham D. , Borowiec Brittney G. 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT
Laboratory-based research dominates the fields of comparative physiology and biomechanics. The power of lab work has long been recognized by experimental biologists. For example, in 1932, Georgy Gause published an influential paper in Journal of Experimental Biology describing a series of clever lab experiments that provided the first empirical test of competitive exclusion theory, laying the foundation for a field that remains active today. At the time, Gause wrestled with the dilemma of conducting experiments in the lab or the field, ultimately deciding that progress could be best achieved by taking advantage of the high level of control offered by lab experiments. However, physiological experiments often yield different, and even contradictory, results when conducted in lab versus field settings. This is especially concerning in the Anthropocene, as standard laboratory techniques are increasingly relied upon to predict how wild animals will respond to environmental disturbances to inform decisions in conservation and management. In this Commentary, we discuss several hypothesized mechanisms that could explain disparities between experimental biology in the lab and in the field. We propose strategies for understanding why these differences occur and how we can use these results to improve our understanding of the physiology of wild animals. Nearly a century beyond Gause's work, we still know remarkably little about what makes captive animals different from wild ones. Discovering these mechanisms should be an important goal for experimental biologists in the future.
Aortic ductus diverticulum mimicking aortic dissection: a case of diagnostic ambiguity in transthoracic echocardiography
Authors: Taifour Hazem , Eid Fahad , Abu Sheikha Mohamed , Hoefen Ryan 
Published: November 2023

Background: Aortic dissection is a critical condition often presenting with acute, severe chest pain and haemodynamic instability. Early diagnosis is essential to mitigate the high mortality risk. Imaging modalities play a pivotal role in diagnosing aortic conditions, but determining the appropriate method can be challenging. Case description: We report an asymptomatic 55-year-old female undergoing transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) for mitral and aortic valve regurgitation surveillance. Incidentally, a suspicious flow jet at the distal aortic arch was discovered, raising concerns of aortic dissection. A subsequent CT angiogram (CTA) identified this as an aortic ductus diverticulum at the aortic isthmus, not a dissection. Discussion: Aortic dissection has a high initial 48-hour mortality, with even surgically managed cases exhibiting a 26% risk. Imaging tools such as a transoesophageal echocardiogram (TEE), CT and MRI scans are instrumental for diagnosis, with their applicability depending on the patient’s clinical situation. The aortic ductus diverticulum, a developmental outpouching, often mimics other aortic pathologies, emphasising the importance of accurate imaging interpretation. Conclusion: Aortic ductus diverticulum presents diagnostic challenges due to its resemblance to other aortic conditions. Advancements in imaging modalities improve diagnostic accuracy, but awareness and careful interpretation are paramount to ensure timely and appropriate patient care.
Fear of childbirth in nulliparous and multiparous women in Australia
Authors: Khajehei Marjan , Swain Julie Ann , Li Ruixin 
Published: November 2023

Background/Aims Although maternity care in developed countries is safe, fear of childbirth is a common problem. There is limited research in this area on nulliparous and multiparous women. The aim of this study was to compare fear of childbirth, its risk factors and birth outcomes between Australian nulliparous and multiparous women. Methods In this prospective cohort study, 141 nulliparous women and 212 multiparous women were recruited from antenatal clinics. Data were collected using standardised questionnaires and analysed. Results A third of nulliparous (33%) and multiparous women (31%) feared childbirth. Nulliparous women with high–severe fear were more likely to have a lower family income, attend antenatal education classes, undergo assisted conception and report higher levels of depression, anxiety and stress. They also had greater odds of prelabour cervical ripening, oxytocin for induction or augmentation of labour, instrumental birth, episiotomy and greater volume of blood loss during birth than multiparous women. Conclusions To empower and support women with fear of childbirth, their unique needs must be recognised. A assistance in coping with fear and anxiety must be made available to contribute to a positive pregnancy experience and birth outcome.
Topology-optimized freeform broadband optical metagrating for high-efficiency large-angle deflection
Authors: Xiao Yuting , Xu Mingfeng , Pu Mingbo , Zheng Yuhan , Zhang Fei , Guo Yinghui , Li Xiong , Ma Xiaoliang , Luo Xiangang 
Published: November 2023

A metagrating made of periodic arrays of subwavelength inclusions has great capability for efficient manipulation of the impinging wavefront at subwavelength scale. However, it suffers from a significant practical issue in that the diffraction efficiency declines rapidly along with the increase of deflection angle, especially for broadband application scenarios. Here, we comprehensively investigated different topology optimization approaches to design the broadband optical metagrating for high-efficiency large-angle deflection, including single-wavelength optimization (SO), max-min optimization (MO), and average optimization (AO). It is demonstrated that the AO approach is more appropriate to optimize the broadband high-efficiency metagrating. Specifically, a freeform metagrating of up to about a 70° deflection angle at a central wavelength of 10.6 µm with diffraction efficiency exceeding 80% over a broad bandwidth of 4.36 µm in the infrared range is demonstrated based on the AO approach. It is also shown that, for all three optimization approaches, the quasi-catenary metagrating optimized from initial catenary structures has the evident advantage on bandwidth compared to that optimized from initial discrete structures. Our results provide insights into the inverse design of metagratings and may find potential applications in broadband achromatic metalenses and other broadband meta-devices.
National and subnational burden of leukemia and its risk factors, 1990–2019: Results from the Global Burden of Disease study 2019
Authors: Poopak Amirhossein , Saeedi Moghaddam Sahar , Esfahani Zahra , Keykhaei Mohammad , Rezaei Negar , Rezaei Nazila , Rashidi Mohammad-Mahdi , Ahmadi Naser , Abbasi-Kangevari Mohsen , Malekpour Mohammad-Reza , Ghamari Seyyed-Hadi , Djalalinia Shirin , Tavangar Seyed Mohammad , Larijani Bagher , Kompani Farzad 
Published: November 2023

Background
Hematologic malignancies have a great essential role in cancer global burden. Leukemia which two major subtypes based on the onset, is one of the common subtypes of this malignancy.

Method
For the GBD 2019 study, cancer registry data and vital registration system were used to estimate leukemia mortality. The Meta-Regression-Bayesian Regularized Trimmed (MR-BRT), Cause of Death Ensemble model (CODEm) and Spatiotemporal Gaussian Process Regression (ST-GPR) were used to model our data and estimate each quantity of interest. Mortality to incidence ratios (MIR) were used to generate incidence and survival from mortality rate. Prevalence and survival were used to generate years lived with disability (YLDs). Age-specific mortality and life expectancy at the same age were used to estimate years of life lost (YLLs). The sum of YLLs and YLDs generates DALYs.

Results
The total national incidence of leukemia increased from 6092 (UI 95%: 3803–8507) in 1990 to 6767 (4646–7890) new cases in 2019. However, leukemia age-standardized incidence ratio(ASIR) decreased from 11.6 (8–14.8) to 8.9 (6.2–10.3) new cases per 100,000 in this exact period. At the national level, deaths from leukemia increased 1.5-fold between 1990 and 2019, from 3287 (2284–4201) to 4424 (3137–5030), whereas the age-standardized death rate(ASDR) decreased from 8.3 (6.1–9.8) in 1990 to 6 (4.3–6.8) per 100,000 in 2019. In the study period, total leukemia DALYs decreased 12.2% and reached 162850 (110681–188806), in 2019. The age-standardized DALYs decreased 36.7% from 324.3 (224.8–413.4) in 1990 to 205.3 (140.3–237.8) in 2019. ASDR, DALYs, YLLs, and YLDs rate to high BMI was increasing while smoking and occupational exposure to benzene and formaldehyde were decreasing in the study period.

Conclusion
This study provided a better understanding of leukemia burden and to reduce controversies of leukemia across Iran. The leukemia status alteration of the country, is trackable.
Finding the best trade-off between performance and interpretability in predicting hospital length of stay using structured and unstructured data
Authors: Jaotombo Franck , Adorni Luca , Ghattas Badih , Boyer Laurent 
Published: November 2023

Objective
This study aims to develop high-performing Machine Learning and Deep Learning models in predicting hospital length of stay (LOS) while enhancing interpretability. We compare performance and interpretability of models trained only on structured tabular data with models trained only on unstructured clinical text data, and on mixed data.

Methods
The structured data was used to train fourteen classical Machine Learning models including advanced ensemble trees, neural networks and k-nearest neighbors. The unstructured data was used to fine-tune a pre-trained Bio Clinical BERT Transformer Deep Learning model. The structured and unstructured data were then merged into a tabular dataset after vectorization of the clinical text and a dimensional reduction through Latent Dirichlet Allocation. The study used the free and publicly available Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care (MIMIC) III database, on the open AutoML Library AutoGluon. Performance is evaluated with respect to two types of random classifiers, used as baselines.

Results
The best model from structured data demonstrates high performance (ROC AUC = 0.944, PRC AUC = 0.655) with limited interpretability, where the most important predictors of prolonged LOS are the level of blood urea nitrogen and of platelets. The Transformer model displays a good but lower performance (ROC AUC = 0.842, PRC AUC = 0.375) with a richer array of interpretability by providing more specific in-hospital factors including procedures, conditions, and medical history. The best model trained on mixed data satisfies both a high level of performance (ROC AUC = 0.963, PRC AUC = 0.746) and a much larger scope in interpretability including pathologies of the intestine, the colon, and the blood; infectious diseases, respiratory problems, procedures involving sedation and intubation, and vascular surgery.

Conclusions
Our results outperform most of the state-of-the-art models in LOS prediction both in terms of performance and of interpretability. Data fusion between structured and unstructured text data may significantly improve performance and interpretability.
Monocyte to Lymphocyte ratio is highly specific in diagnosing latent tuberculosis and declines significantly following tuberculosis preventive therapy: A cross-sectional and nested prospective observational study
Authors: Mayito Jonathan , Meya David B. , Miriam Akia , Dhikusooka Flavia , Rhein Joshua , Sekaggya-Wiltshire Christine 
Published: November 2023

Background
Interferon-gamma release assay and tuberculin skin test use is limited by costly sundries and cross-reactivity with non-tuberculous mycobacteria and Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination respectively. We investigated the Monocyte to Lymphocyte ratio (MLR) as a biomarker to overcome these limitations and for use in monitoring response to tuberculosis preventive therapy (TPT).

Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional and nested prospective observational study among asymptomatic adults living with Human Immuno-deficiency Virus (HIV) in Kampala, Uganda. Complete blood count (CBC) and QuantiFERON-TB® Gold-plus were measured at baseline and CBC repeated at three months. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to identify factors associated with a high MLR and decline in MLR.

Results
We recruited 110 adults living with HIV and on antiretroviral therapy, of which 82.5% (85/110) had suppressed viral loads, 71.8% (79/110) were female, and 73.6% (81/110) had a BCG scar. The derived MLR diagnostic cut-off was 0.35, based on which the MLR sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were 12.8%, 91.6%, 45.5%, and 65.7% respectively. The average MLR declined from 0.212 (95% CI: 0.190–0.235) at baseline to 0.182 (95% CI: 0.166–0.198) after three months of TPT. A viral load of >50 copies/ml (aOR, 5.67 [1.12–28.60]) was associated with a high MLR while that of <50 copies/ml (aOR, 0.07 [0.007–0.832]) was associated with a decline in MLR.

Conclusion
MLR was highly specific in diagnosing latent TB and declined significantly following three months of TPT. Implications of a high MLR and decline in MLR after TPT need further evaluation in a larger cohort.
Availability and price of fruits and vegetables in the surroundings of food and nutrition public establishments
Authors: Paiva Gabriela Gomes de , Claro Rafael Moreira , Costa Bruna Vieira de Lima 
Published: November 2023

Background
Inequalities of access to healthy food reinforce the need to strengthen public policies on Food and Nutritional Security. In this context, Food and Nutrition Public Establishments, which are public spaces for distribution and commercialization of healthy foods, stand out. However, in middle-income countries there is little monitoring of the impacts of public policies on food environments, which are fundamental for strengthening these actions. Thus, the purpose of the study was to evaluate the availability and price of fruits and vegetables in areas with and without Food and Nutrition Public Establishments.

Methodology
A cross-sectional study carried out in Belo Horizonte, Brazil. Audits were conducted in the retail food environment of a representative sample of Food and Nutrition Public Establishments (n = 10) and corresponding census sectors, without Food and Nutrition Public Establishments (n = 10). Information was collected on the availability and price of the most consumed fruits and vegetables in Belo Horizonte. The food retailers were grouped into fresh food retailers and mixed food retailers. The Chi-Square test was used to compare the availability of fruits and vegetables between areas. The Mann Whitney test was used to compare the prices of fruit and vegetables and the price differences between fresh food retailers and mixed food retailers between areas.

Results
148 food retailers were audited, including 17 Food and Nutrition Public Establishments. In fresh food retailers, the availability of vegetables was higher in areas with Food and Nutrition Public Establishments (p = 0.024). In mixed food retailers there was low availability of fruit and vegetables in both areas (34.0% vs. 26.2%; p>0.05). The price difference between fresh food retailers and mixed food retailers differed significantly between areas (p<0.001). In general, fresh food retailers had lower prices than mixed food retailers only in areas with Food and Nutrition Public Establishments.

Conclusions
The presence of Food and Nutrition Public Establishments was associated with the availability of vegetables, and with lower prices in fresh food retailers compared with mixed food retailers. Monitoring and understanding the impacts of public policies on the food environment are essential to register trends and provide relevant information to civil society and government authorities.
Correlates of never testing for HIV among men who have sex with men in Malaysia: A cross-sectional study
Authors: JadKarim Luzan , Wickersham Jeffrey , Gautam Kamal , Azwa Iskandar , Saifi Rumana , Khati Antoine , Paudel Kiran , Ha Toan , Shrestha Roman 
Published: November 2023

Introduction
HIV testing uptake remains very low among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Malaysia, a subgroup still bearing a disproportionate HIV burden. Therefore, we sought to identify and measure factors associated with never-testing for HIV among Malaysian MSM to further characterize this subgroup and inform future public health interventions addressing low testing rates in the country.

Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional online survey among Malaysian MSM (August to September 2021). Participants completed questionnaires, including socio-demographic characteristics, HIV/STI testing practices, drug- and sex-related behaviors, and knowledge and attitudes toward HIV prevention services. Out of 1,799 completed surveys, 870 were included in the analysis after eliminating duplicates and incomplete surveys. We used logistic regression to determine factors associated with never-testing for HIV.

Results
Overall, one-third of the study participants (33.8%) reported having never tested for HIV. Of those who reported to have tested for HIV (n = 576), half reported that they had tested for HIV in the past 6 months (50.3%). In multivariable logistic regression, MSM with HIV sero-concordant partner (aOR = 3.44, 95% CI = 1.56–7.60), without a prior diagnosis of a sexually transmitted infection (aOR = 2.83, 95% CI = 1.46–5.49), unaware of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP; aOR = 2.71, 95% CI = 1.74–4.21), unaware of someone taking PrEP (aOR = 1.64, 95% CI = 1.15–2.35), and unwilling to use PrEP (aOR = 2.48, 95% CI = 1.43–4.30) had higher odds of never been tested for HIV. In contrast, MSM who were older (aOR = 0.95, 95% CI = 0.93–0.97) and of the Malaya ethnic group (aOR = 0.59, 95% CI = 0.37–0.95) had lower odds of never testing for HIV.

Conclusion
Our findings shed light on the characteristics of HIV never-testers among MSM in Malaysia. The results indicate the need for innovative strategies to increase the uptake of HIV testing services among members of the MSM community.
Effect of binocular vision during target shooting in archery
Authors: Hirota Masakazu , Hanai Tatsuhiro , Morimoto Takeshi 
Published: November 2023

Purpose
This study aimed to evaluate the difference between binocular and monocular vision and eye movements during the competition using video-oculography (VOG).

Methods
Experiment 1 included 14 participants to evaluate differences in arrow convergence. Then, seven participants in Experiment 1 were randomly selected and included in Experiment 2, which evaluated eye movements during archery using VOG. The target used an 80-cm waterproof target face and was set at a distance of 30 m. All players shot the target 36 times using their bows and arrows. Experiments 1 and 2 evaluated the distribution of arrows in each score and the number of focus points, respectively, between binocular and monocular conditions.

Results
The arrows, which include the area of 9 points, were significantly greater in the binocular condition (11.85 ± 5.04 shots) than in the monocular condition (9.36 ± 5.41 shots) in Experiment 1 (P = 0.047). The players focused on the target under both binocular and monocular conditions, although the players were switching off fixation between the target and shooting sight under the binocular condition in Experiment 2.

Conclusion
These behaviors indicated that the players were trying to accurately shoot the target by exploring the distance between themselves and the target as a cue for depth perception.