bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Survival Analysis of the Surgical Outcome of Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Due to Hippocampal Sclerosis
Authors: Paglioli Eliseu , Palmini André , Paglioli Eduardo , Da Costa Jaderson C. , Portuguez Mirna , Martinez José V. , Calcagnotto Maria E. , Hoefel João R. , Raupp Sergio , Barbosa‐Coutinho Ligia 
Published: October 2004

Summary:  Purpose: Surgical results in patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy due to hippocampal sclerosis (MTLE/HS) are often reported in conjunction with other etiologies of TLE. Methods: We prospectively collected surgical outcome data for 2 to 11 years for 134 consecutive patients who specifically had MTLE and unilateral HS, according to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and confirmed by histopathology. Sixty‐five had postoperative neuropsychological testing. Outcome was analyzed by using Engel's classification (a) through Kaplan–Meier estimated survival curves (as a function of the time to seizure recurrence), (b) as percentage of patients in each outcome class on a yearly basis, and (c) at the last updated follow‐up. Results: Kaplan–Meier estimates of complete seizure freedom (Engel's class IA) for years 1, 2, 5, and 10 were 85%, 77%, 74%, and 66%, and of Engel's class I were 89%, 86%, 83%, and 81%. Only nine (6.7%) patients had outcome classes III or IV at any point during follow‐up. Of the patients tested, 26% of those operated on the left side and 22% of those operated on the right had postoperative decline of >1 SD in verbal or visual memory, respectively. Conclusions: High rates of seizure freedom can be obtained and remain stable over the years in patients operated on for unilateral MTLE/HS, even in countries with limited resources.
Memory in Patients with Drug‐responsive Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy and Hippocampal Sclerosis
Authors: Özkara Çiğdem , Hanoğlu Lütfü , Keskinkiliç Cahit , Yeni Naz , Aysal Fikret , Uzan Mustafa , Özyurt Emin , Karaağaç Naci 
Published: October 2004

Summary:  Purpose: Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy associated with hippocampal sclerosis (MTLE‐HS) is the most common of the antiepileptic drug (AED)‐resistant seizure syndromes that are remediable mostly with surgery, although a small group of patients have benign prognosis with fewer seizures. Material‐specific memory impairment is an important feature in these patients and may be related to both the structural abnormality and the frequent seizures. In this study, we investigated the relation between memory deficit and HS by taking seizure frequency into account. Methods: The patients were evaluated according to a standard protocol and divided into two groups, considering their response to AEDs: the good‐responder group (GRg, n = 18) and the pharmacoresistant group (PRg, n = 95). They were administered a neuropsychological test battery that included verbal and nonverbal memory tests, compared with each other and with a normal control group (n = 29). The responder group was evaluated by the same battery once again (mean, 23 months; SD, 8.25; range, 14–38 months). Results: Both GR and PR patient groups had poorer memory than the normal controls in all memory tests (p < 0.05). However, the comparison of GRg with PRg revealed that only the digit‐span test was significantly worse in PRg (p = 0.0061), and no difference was found in any other memory scores. The reevaluation of the GRg showed no significant difference between the first and second evaluation. Conclusions: We concluded that the memory impairment in patients with MTLE‐HS was permanent and might be related to the direct effect of HS itself. Therefore patients with good response to AEDs can be used as a model for investigating the memory problems in patients with MTLE‐HS.
Topiramate Pharmacokinetics in Children with Epilepsy Aged from 6 Months to 4 Years
Authors: Mikaeloff Yann , Rey Elisabeth , Soufflet Christine , D'Athis Philippe , Echenne Bernard , Vallée Louis , Bouhours Philippe , Grinspan Augusto , Dulac Olivier , Pons Gérard , Chiron Catherine 
Published: October 2004

Summary:  Purpose: To study the pharmacokinetics of topiramate (TPM) at steady state in children younger than 4 years comedicated with other antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). Methods: Twenty‐two children aged 6 months to 4 years with pharmacoresistant partial or generalized epilepsy were enrolled in an open‐label prospective study. Children were assigned to different groups according to comedication with enzyme‐inducing AEDs (n = 8), valproic acid (VPA) (n = 6), or other AEDs not known to affect drug metabolism (neutral AEDs, n = 7). One child was receiving treatment with both enzyme‐inducing AEDs and VPA. After dose titration, blood samples were collected at steady state just before and 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 12 h after the morning dose of TPM. Pharmacokinetic parameters were determined by a noncompartmental method. Results: TPM apparent oral clearance (CL/F) was significantly higher in children taking enzyme‐inducing AEDs (85.4 ± 34.0 ml/h/kg) than in those receiving VPA (49.6 ± 13.6 ml/h/kg) or neutral AEDs (46.5 ± 12.8 ml/h/kg). Conversely, dose‐normalized areas under the plasma TPM concentration curves (0–12 h) were significantly lower in enzyme‐induced patients than in patients receiving VPA or other AEDs. Conclusions: Compared with children not receiving enzyme inducers, children younger than 4 years who receive concomitant enzyme‐inducing AEDs need higher doses (milligrams per kilogram) to achieve comparable plasma TPM concentrations.
PHOTOSYNTHETIC PHYSIOLOGY AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF SPORES OF THE KELPS MACROCYSTIS PYRIFERA, NEREOCYSTIS LUETKEANA, LAMINARIA FARLOWII, AND PTERYGOPHORA CALIFORNICA (PHAEOPHYCEAE)1
Authors: Amsler Charles D. , Neushul Michael 
Published: October 2004

ABSTRACTRecently released spores of the kelps Macrocystis pyrifera (L.) C. Ag., Nereocystis luetkeana (Mert.) Post. and Rupr., Laminaria farlowii Setch., and Pterygophora californica Rupr. had different levels of net photosynthesis. Spore‐specific photosynthesis–irradiance relationships were similar in many respects for M. pyrifera, N. luetkeana, and L. farlowii spores. All three species had low rates of net light‐saturated photosynthesis. In contrast, spores of P. californica had higher photosynthetic potential and overall net photosynthesis than the other three species. On a cell carbon basis, however, photosynthetic rates in N. luetkeana spores were similar to those of P. californica spores and higher than those of M. pyrifera spores. Chlorophyll a content of spores varied 10‐fold among species. The rank order of significant differences in chlorophyll a content was P. californica > L. farlowii > N. luetkeana > M. pyrifera. As a result, chlorophyll‐specific measurements suggest M. pyrifera and N. luetkeana spores had much higher quantum efficiency and photosynthetic potential than either P. californica or L. farlowii spores. Maternal carbon and nitrogen investment significantly differed in spores of M. pyrifera, N. luetkeana, and P. californica with P. californica > M. pyrifera > N. luetkeana. Carbon content in spores of each of these three species increased by about 30% during 12 h of saturating irradiance. We suggest that the photosynthetic capabilities of and maternal investment in spores may be related to the spore as a unit of dispersal, to the reproductive ecology of the parental sporophytic stages, and to the growth and physiology of the germling gametophyte stages.
NON‐STEADY STATE DYNAMICS OF ALGAL POPULATION GROWTH: EXPERIMENTS WITH TWO CHLOROPHYTES1
Authors: Grover James P. 
Published: October 2004

ABSTRACTThe relations among dissolved phosphorus, cell quota of phosphorus, and population growth rate were determined for two Chlorophytes, Chlorella sp. and Scenedesmus quadricauda var. longispina (Chod.) G. M. Smith, in two types of non‐steady state continuous culture. One of these types had relatively smooth transitions between growth under different degrees of phosphorus limitation. Under these conditions, two equations often applied to growth kinetics in steady state cultures were found to apply to non‐steady state growth. Monad's equation described the relation between dissolved phosphorus concentration and population growth rate, and Droop's equation described the relation between cell quota and population growth rate. The second type of culture received phosphorus only as periodic pulses, leading to sharp changes in dissolved phosphorus, cell quota, and growth rate. A simulation model based on Droop's equation described much of the observed dynamics of cell numbers and quotas in these cultures. Droop's equation could not be convincingly fitted directly to the data, however, due to its incorrect prediction of an immediate growth response to phosphorus pulses. A third relation, predicting that saturated rates of phosphorus uptake would depend on the recent nutrient history of the cells as reflected by the cell quota, was not supported.
ROLE OF THE LIGHT‐DARK CYCLE AND MEDIUM COMPOSITION ON THE PRODUCTION OF COCCOLITHS BY EMILIANIA HUXLEYI (HAPTOPHYCEAE)1
Authors: Linschooten Cornelis , van Bleijswijk Judith D. L. , van Emburg Peter R. , de Vrind Johannes P. M. , Kempers Egbert S. , Westbroek Peter , de Vrind‐de Jong Elisabeth W. 
Published: October 2004

ABSTRACTProduction of coccoliths by cells of Emiliania huxleyi (Lohmann) Hay and Mohler was measured during exposure of the cells to two diel light‐dark cycles (16:8 h). During the light period about eight coccoliths per cell were formed at a constant rate of one coccolith per 2 h. Cells divided during the first half of the dark period. No coccolith production took place during the dark period. With electron microscopy we found early‐stage, coccolith‐production compartments in cells after mitosis while still in the dark. No calcification was observed in these compartments. Cells grown on enriched seawater (Eppley's medium) tended to produce enough coccoliths to cover the cell in a single layer. When these cells reached the stationary phase coccolith production stopped. Coccolith production was induced by removal of extracellular coccoliths. Cells grown on medium containing 2% of the nitrate and phosphate of Eppley's medium tended to produce coccoliths in the stationary phase. This resulted in the formation of multiple layers of coccoliths. The multiple covering was restored after decalcification of stationary cells. Formation of multiple layers of coccoliths may help the cells reach deeper, nutrient‐rich water by increasing the sinking rate of the cells.
SYSTEMATICS OF ANADYOMENE SPECIES (ANADYOMENACEAE, CHLOROPHYTA) IN THE TROPICAL WESTERN ATLANTIC1
Authors: Littler Diane S. , Littler Mark M. 
Published: October 2004

ABSTRACTThree new species of Anadyomene are described. Anadyomene lacerata has pinnately branched veins and a unique lacerated margin formed by elongated vein cells. Anadyomene linkiana consists of a perforate blade arising by polychotomous branching from a distinct stripe, and A. howei has an eperforate, delicate blade of polychotomously branched cells and a smooth margin of elongated vein cells. Distinguishing features of the five previously described species are clarified, and all eight taxa are illustrated. Observations in the field and from more than 400 herbarium specimens form the basis for a discussion of Indo‐Pacific affinities, ecological adaptations, cell division, reproduction, and ordinal status.A phylogenetic analysis based on 17 equally weighted characters produced a cladistic gradation, indicating that Anadyomene is a monophyletic genus. The most basal species (A. saldanhae, A. linkiana, A. howei, A. menziesii) show only polychotomous branching. In contrast, the distal group (A. pavonina, A. stellata, A. rhizoidifera, A. lacerata) have pinnate interstitial cells along the veins in addition to polychotomous branching at the vein apices.
CHROOMONASAND OTHER BLUE‐GREEN CRYPTOMONADS1
Authors: Hill David R. A. 
Published: October 2004

ABSTRACTExamination of four selectedChroomonasspecies indicates significant structural diversity within the genus. The concept ofChroomonasis reviewed, and new observations are presented onC. collegionissp. nov. andC. coerulea(Geitler) Skuja. Examination of two other species,Chroomonas caudataGeitler andChroomonas daucoidesConrad et Kufferath, forms the basis for the description of two new genera,KommaandFalcomonas.The generic taxonomy is based on the nature of the furrow‐gullet system, periplast structure, and features of the plastidial complex. Certain nomenclatural treatments were required:Cyanomonas americana(Davis) Oltmanns is transferred toChroomonas, C. rosenbergiaeHuber‐Pestalozzi is relegated to synonymy withC. coerulea(Geitler) Skuja, and the descriptions of Butcher's speciesC. mesostigmaticasp. nov. andC. collegionissp. nov. are completed.
A MODEL FOR GAMETE RELEASE IN ASCOPHYLLUM NODOSUM (PHAEOPHYTA)1
Authors: Bacon Linda C. , Vadas Robert L. 
Published: October 2004

ABSTRACTThe question of what controls gamete release in Ascophyllum nodosum (L.) Le Jolis was studied at six sites along the central coast of Maine. Percent release was assessed weekly along randomly marked transect lines in the mid‐intertidal zone. Six independent variables–water temperature at high tide, air temperature at low tide, nitrogen (ammonia, nitrite, and nitrate), and salinity–were measured concurrently. Stepwise multiple regression analysis on the percentage of plants having released gametes revealed that water temperature at high tide accounted for most of the among‐site variation (R2= 0.77) in the timing of release. The addition of Julian day increased the R2 to 0.82; no other variables were significant. Probit analysis, based on water temperature at high tide, generated an environmentally realistic model for predicting gamete release. The model predicts the onset, midpoint, and termination of gamete release at 6, 10, and 15°C, respectively, and the midpoint at a cumulative water temperature of 358°C. This model has value for developmental studies and, potentially, for reseeding A. nodosum populations. Probits may be useful for characterizing phenological events in other fucoids and algal species.
NUTRIENT REQUIREMENTS OF THE DINOFLAGELLATE PERIDINIUM GATUNENSE1
Authors: Lindström Kåre 
Published: October 2004

ABSTRACTOptimum nutrient conditions for growth and photosynthesis of Peridinium gatunense (Nygaard) (Peridinium cinctum fa. westii) were investigated using axenic clones in batch cultures. Selenium (Se) had previously been found to be an indispensable growth factor for P. gatunense. Optimal, suboptimal, and supraoptimal concentrations of HCO3−, N, Ca, Cl, Mg, P, K, S, Si, EDTA‐Na, Fe, Mo, Zn, Mn, Co, Se, B, Br, I, and various trace element mixtures were determined by measuring biomass development, growth rates, 14C uptake, and/or oxygen production at various concentration gradients of these elements. The general characteristics of the best formulation, medium‐L 16, relative to other media, are its high content of NaHCO3 (1 meq · L−1) and Mo (0.2 μM) but low concentrations of NO3‐N (150 μM), PO4‐P (10 μM), and Fe (0.4 μM), in addition to its content of Se. The total content of trace metals, except for Se, may be reduced to one‐fourth of that in medium‐L 16 without altering the major growth‐promoting properties of the medium. Medium‐L 16 deviated considerably from Lake Kinneret (Israel) water, being much lower in macroelements except for N and P. The pH (8.1–8.4) was in the same range, but the values of conductivity (140 μS · cm−1), alkalinity (1 meq · L−1) and NaCl (200 μM) were > 8, 2, and 30 times higher, respectively, in the lake water. Selenium deficiency may limit the growth of P. gatunense in this lake.
CARBON SKELETON SOURCES FOR AMMONIUM ASSIMILATION IN N‐SUFFICIENT AND N‐LIMITED CELLS OF CYANIDIUM CALDARIUM (RHODOPHYTA)1
Authors: Di Martina Rigano Vittoria , Vona Vincenza , Esposito Sergio , Di Martina Catello , Rigano Carmelo 
Published: October 2004

ABSTRACTThe possible origin of carbon skeletons for ammonium assimilation in Cyanidium caldarium (Tilden) Geitler was investigated. N‐sufficient cells assimilated ammonium at a rate of 182 ± 18 μmol·mL packed cell volume (pcv)‐1· h‐1. Removal of CO2 or darkening almost immediately prevented ammonium assimilation. N‐limited cells in light assimilated ammonium at a rate of 493 ± 45 μmol · mL pcv‐1· h‐1 in the presence of CO2 and at a lower rate of 168 ± 17 μmol · mL pcv‐1· h‐1 in the absence of CO2. In darkness they assimilated ammonium at a rate of 293 ± 29 μmol · mL pcv‐1 h‐1 in the presence of CO2, only 60% of the assimilation rate in light. In the absence of CO2, ammonium was assimilated at a similar rate of 325 ± 14 μmol · mL pcv‐1· h‐1. Under the latter conditions, however, assimilation was inhibited after 40 min and ceased after 70 min; it resumed upon resupply of CO2.We suggest that N‐sufficient cells of C. caldarium obtain carbon skeletons for ammonium assimilation exclusively by photosynthetic reactions. Upon N‐limitation they develop the ability, apparently through derepression or activation of regulatory enzyme system(s), to obtain a consistent quantity of additional carbon skeletons and ATP from mobilization of carbon reserves. This enables the N‐limited cell to assimilate ammonium not only in light but also in darkness, and at a higher rate than N‐sufficient cells. The fact that ammonium assimilation in light occurs at a higher rate than in darkness suggests that ammonium assimilation in light is the sum of both light and dark ammonium assimilation, which implies separate metabolic reactions for the two processes. These results suggest the existence of two distinct and differently controlled pathways in N‐limited cells, but not in N‐sufficient cells, through which carbon skeletons for ammonium assimilation originate. An important role for dark CO2 fixation in dark or light ammonium assimilation is also indicated.
SUGAR COMPOSITION OF THE CELL WALL AND THE TAXONOMY OF CHLORELLA (CHLOROPHYCEAE)1
Authors: Takeda Hiroshi 
Published: October 2004

ABSTRACTCell walls of forty Chlorella strains covering all species of the Algal Collection of Göttingen (C. fusca var. vacuolata, C. kessleri, C. luteoviridis, C. minutissima, C. protothecoides, C. saccharophila, C. sorokiniana, C. vulgaris, and C. zofingiensis) were compared. The nine species were divided into two groups according to the major sugar in the rigid wall. The first group had a glucose‐mannose‐rigid wall and included C. fusca var. vacuolata, C. luteoviridis, C. minutissima, C. protothecoides, C. saccharophila, and C. zofingiensis. The second group, with a glucosamine‐rigid wall, included C. kessleri, C. sorokiniana, and C. vulgaris. Chlorella strains of the nine species were further classified by constituent sugars, ruthenium red stainability, and anisotropy of the cell walls.
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF THE CELL WALLS OF THE FRESHWATER RED ALGA LEMANEA ANNULATA (BATRACHOSPERMALES)1
Authors: Gretz Michael R. , Sommerfeld Milton R. , Athey Patrick V. , Aronson Jerome M. 
Published: October 2004

ABSTRACTCell walls of the generic phase of the freshwater red alga Lemanea annulata Kütz were mechanically isolated and chemically characterized. Walls consisted mainly of polysaccharide with lesser quantities of associated protein and lipid. The major wall component was alkali‐soluble xylan, comprised mainly of 4‐linked β‐xylopyranosyl residues and small amounts of 3‐O‐substituted β‐xylopyranosyl residues. Hot water extracts yielded non‐sulfated polymers, with 3‐ or 3,4‐linked β‐galactosyl residues alternating with 4‐linked α‐glucuronosyl residues as the predominant structural features. This acid polysaccharide shares many characteristics of the mucilage previously described from the freshwater genus Batrachospermum. Isolated cell walls of L. annulata contained approximately 6% cellulose. Cellobiohydrolase/colloidal gold labelling of cell walls revealed β‐4‐glycan throughout the fibrillar portion of the wall. Wall protein consisted of at least 17 amino acids, of which threonine and alanine were the most abundant. Polysaccharides of the cell walls of L. annulata differ from those of marine red algae and are similar to those described for other Batrachospermales.
JUNCTIONAL PORES AND CELL WALL DEPRESSIONS OFHORMOSCILLA PRINGSHEIMII(CYANOPHYCEAE)1
Authors: Rosowski James R. , Lee Kit W. 
Published: October 2004

ABSTRACTSassoon's isolate identified asBorzia trilocularis(but recently renamedHormoscilla pringsheimiiAnagnostidis and Komárek (1988) was studied with transmission electron microscopy because of its unusual combination of longitudinal wall features, described here in development for the first time. Junctional pores (linear rows of circumferential L‐II layer pores near crosswalls) developed into multiple, parallel series, unlike the pores in many other species, which form only single rows. In dividing cells, two single pore rows appear opposite crosswalls after crosswall initiation, but an additional parallel row is usually added to each row by completion of fission. Elongating cells reveal 3–6 parallel and uniformly spaced pore rows developing on each side of crosswall pairs; these rows may end up toward the center of the cell wall after cell elongation. Pores are 18–24 nm wide with a center‐to‐center and row‐to‐row distance of 24–36 nm and occur in an especially thick L‐II area. The second group of pit‐like pores of longitudinal cell walls are 50–135 nm‐wide depressions and have a center‐to‐center distance of 100–1000 nm. These depressions arise when the L‐II layer fails to form and appear next to a row‐pair of junctional pores soon after fission. Most depressions form single rows, but when they form several rows they may cover much of the surface of the cell. The L‐III and L‐IV wall layers line these L‐II layer cavities; the outer surface of the L‐IV layer around and within the depressions is covered with fibrous mucilage. Given their diversity, pores and depressions of longitudinal walls deserve further attention from functional and taxonomic points of view.
REFLECTIVE PROPERTIES OF THE STIGMA IN MALE GAMETES OF ECTOCARPUS SILICULOSUS (PHAEOPHYCEAE) STUDIED BY CONFOCAL LASER SCANNING MICROSCOPY1
Authors: Kreimer Georg , Kawai Hiroshi , Müller Dieter G. , Melkonian Michael 
Published: October 2004

ABSTRACTThe reflection properties of the stigma in male gametes of Ectocarpus siliculosus (Dillw.) Lyngbye were investigated using confocal laser scanning microscopy in the epireflection contrast mode. The complex reflection pattern obtained after optical xy (horizontal) and xz (vertical) sectioning was consistent with stigma ultrastructure as revealed by serial thin sections. The intensity and pattern of the reflection signal varied with the orientation of the cell/stigma to the incident laser light. Maximal reflection occurred only in approximately normal orientation of the stigma to the light source. Focusing of reflected light from an elongated concave depression of the stigma on the region of the flagellar swelling was observed in xy and xz sections of living and fixed gametes. The results indicate the importance of mechanisms (focusing) other than quarter‐wave interference reflection in signal amplification by the eyespot of flagellate algae.