bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring the effects of B10 biodiesel contamination on Canavalia ensiformis growth and nutrition in artificially contaminated soil
Authors: Lancheros Andres , Brito Osmar , Guimarães Maria de Fátima 
Published: October 2023

AbstractSoil contamination caused by fossil fuels and biofuels can alter the chemical and physical properties of soil, limiting its use for agricultural, residential, and recreational purposes. Phytoremediation offers a cost‐effective and manageable solution to mitigate these environmental impacts that can be applied to large areas. The aim of this study was to evaluate Canavalia ensiformis (jack bean) growth and nutrition during the remediation of B10 biodiesel in artificially contaminated soil. The experimental design was fully randomized, with four replications and three contamination levels with B10, 0%, 1%, and 2% vol/wt, evaluated over 20, 40, and 60 days after sowing. Plant growth was assessed: shoot and root dry biomass, height, number of leaves, leaf area, and plant nutrition: macro‐ and micronutrient vegetable tissue. Dry biomass of shoots and roots, plant height, the number of leaves, and the leaf area decreased significantly in inverse proportion to the level of contamination. Twenty days after sowing, C. ensiformis growing in B10‐contaminated soil reduced the nitrogen and potassium concentrations, while phosphorus and sulfur increased, and calcium and magnesium remained unaffected. However, all except potassium tended to equilibrium after 60 days of sowing. Regarding micronutrients, manganese increased after 20 days of sowing, while iron decreased, and copper and zinc remained unchanged. Despite its growth and nutrition limitations, C. ensiformis is a viable option for phytoremediation in areas contaminated with hydrocarbons. Its nitrogen absorption capacity makes it an ideal natural fertilizer for the remediation of fuel‐contaminated soils.
Fault estimation of continuous‐time switched affine systems with actuator faults under dwell time constraint
Authors: Liao Fang , Zhu Yanzheng , He Xiao , Zhou Donghua 
Published: October 2023

SummaryThis paper investigates the problem of fault estimation for a class of continuous‐time switched affine systems with actuator faults. In most of the existing results of switched affine systems based on the min‐switching approach, the candidate Lyapunov function is usually common, such that it is conservative to derive the practical stability conditions. To overcome this restriction, a class of switched Lyapunov function is introduced to increase more degrees of freedom of the designed min‐switching strategy and to ensure the stability of error systems. At the same time, the proposed dwell‐time dependent switching strategy can avoid the frequent switchings commonly existing in the min‐switching mechanism. Then, a new intermediate estimator is designed to estimate the state and fault simultaneously, and the intermediate estimator based fault estimation is performed under the proposed mixed switching law. Moreover, the gains of fault estimator are explicitly calculated via resolving the conditions of linear matrix inequalities. Finally, two examples including a flyback DC‐DC power converter are illustrated to verify the effectiveness and advantage of proposed fault estimation approach.
A More Sustainable and Greener Process for Preparing 3,4,5‐Trisubstituted Furan‐2‐one Derivatives
Authors: Zaharani Lia , Ghafarikhaligh Mahta , Khaligh Nader Ghaffari 
Published: October 2023

AbstractTreatment of 4,4′‐trimethylenedipiperidine with two equivalents of glacial acetic acid gave a cream‐like liquid with a pale yellow color. Then, its ionic chemical structure was demonstrated by different spectroscopic techniques. The thermal behavior of the new ionic liquid was also studied by TGA/DTA and DSC techniques to record its phase transitions and thermal stability and compare those with another analog, i. e., 1H,4H‐piperazine‐N,N′‐diium diacetate. Then, the multicomponent condensation of halogen‐substituted benzaldehydes with dimethyl 2‐(phenylamino) fumarate was investigated using the new ionic liquid in ethanol, an eco‐friendly medium. Excellent yield with 100 % conversion was obtained and pure products could be isolated directly from ethanol. After separating pure products, the residue solution was employed in the next run without separation, concentration, purification, or activation. Furthermore, the synthesis of methyl 2‐(4‐chlorophenyl)‐5‐oxo‐4‐(phenylamino)‐2,5‐dihydro‐furan‐3‐carboxylate was carried out on a large scale using the current catalytic process, affording a conversion of 100 % and a high yield of the crystalline product even after ten consecutive runs. Energy efficiency, cost‐ and time‐saving, and waste prevention demonstrate the newly developed metal‐ and halogen‐free catalysis as a more sustainable catalytic process for preparing 3,4,5‐trisubstituted furan‐2‐one derivatives on the laboratory and industrial scale.
Exploring the Cathode Active Materials for Sulfide‐Based All‐Solid‐State Lithium Batteries with High Energy Density
Authors: Hong Seung‐Bo , Lee Young‐Jun , Lee Han‐Jo , Sim Hui‐Tae , Lee Hyobin , Lee Yong Min , Kim Dong‐Won 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAll‐solid‐state lithium batteries (ASSLBs) are considered promising alternatives to current lithium‐ion batteries that employ liquid electrolytes due to their high energy density and enhanced safety. Among various types of solid electrolytes, sulfide‐based electrolytes are being actively studied, because they exhibit high ionic conductivity and high ductility, which enable good interfacial contacts in solid electrolytes without sintering at high temperatures. To improve the energy density of the sulfide‐based ASSLBs, it is essential to increase the loading of active material in the composite cathode. In this study, the Ni‐rich LiNixCoyMn1‐x‐yO2 (NCM) materials are explored with different Ni content, particle size, and crystalline form to probe suitable cathode active materials for high‐performance ASSLBs with high energy density. The results reveal that single‐crystalline LiNi0.82Co0.10Mn0.08O2 material with a small particle size exhibits the best cycling performance in the ASSLB assembled with a high mass loaded cathode (active mass loading: 26 mg cm−2, areal capacity: 5.0 mAh cm−2) in terms of discharge capacity, capacity retention, and rate capability.
Instructors' views regarding the level of importance and implementation of quality standards in intensive English programs
Authors: Ataman Orhan , Adıgüzel Abdullah 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe aim of this research was to determine instructors' views regarding the level of importance and implementation of quality standards in intensive English programs (IEPs) of higher education in Türkiye. A descriptive research method was used for the study. The authors used a questionnaire produced from simplified versions of IEP quality standards of 12 accreditation bodies. The questionnaire consisted of 7 standard areas and 70 items. As for the data gathering process, stratified sampling method was used. Universities in Türkiye were divided into 6 categories according to their scores in the University Ranking by Academic Performance (URAP) list, and 258 instructors working at universities in different URAP categories participated in the research. As a result of the study, it was seen that all of the standard areas were considered important by instructors. Six of the standard areas were found to be met “to a great extent,” whereas the “Continuous Improvement” standard area was found to be met “moderately” according to instructors' views. Also, the instructors who experienced the accreditation process gave more importance to quality standards. Finally, it was determined that the level of implementation of the quality standards was rated higher at accredited IEPs.
Schiff–Sherrington phenomenon in a cat with complete spinal cord transection from traumatic dorsocranial luxation of the second lumbar vertebra
Authors: Holland Christopher T. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractA young stray entire female domestic shorthair cat was presented with symmetrical forelimb extensor rigidity, neck hyperextension and hindlimb paraplegia, characteristic of Schiff–Sherrington phenomenon (SSP), within 30 min of a motor vehicle accident. Radiographic and post‐mortem studies disclosed complete transection of the spinal cord from traumatic dorsocranial luxation of the second lumbar vertebra, displacement of the sacrum from the ilium, seventh lumbar and first caudal vertebrae and multiple pelvic fractures. Other causes of forelimb extensor rigidity and neck hyperextension such as decerebrate and decerebellate rigidity were excluded by a lack of neurological signs consistent with these entities and unremarkable findings on post‐mortem examination of the cranial cavity and brain and histological examination of the cerebrum, brainstem and cerebellum. To the best of the author's knowledge, this is the first report of SSP in the cat outside the experimental arena of decerebrate or non‐decerebrate preparations following post‐brachial spinal cord transection/cold block.
Use of montmorillonite to improve flame retardancy, thermal stability and reducing smoke toxicity of chicken feather protein‐based rigid polyurethane foam
Authors: Zhang Xu , Sun Simiao , Yuan Dehe , Wang Zhi , Xie Hua 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe aim of this article is to solve the problem of improving the flame retardancy of rigid polyurethane foam (RPUF) while improving the environmental pollution caused by flame retardancy. Using the special layered structure of montmorillonite (MMT) and the stable chemical bond formed by the reaction with chicken feather (CF) protein, RPUF co‐modified with MMT and CF was successfully prepared by using the “one‐step method” of all‐water foaming. It was found by experiments and theoretical calculations that the addition of MMT improved the flame retardancy of the samples. When 3 wt% of MMT was added, RPUF‐CF1/MMT3 had the highest initial decomposition temperature and the largest activation energy, and its thermal stability was the best. In addition, RPUF‐CF1/MMT3 had the smallest peak heat release rate (28.77, 32.04, and 42.18 kW/m2) and total heat release (1.87, 2.15, and 2.38 MJ/m2) at different radiation fluxes. Meanwhile, RPUF‐CF1/MMT3 had the smallest smoke density (32.17 and 28.32), the largest light transmission (57.05% and 60.91%), the lowest toxic gas emission and the lowest fire risk.Highlights
Flame retardant modified bioprotein‐based RPUF by MMT is proposed.
The flame retardant mechanism depends on the “sandwich biscuit” structure of MMT and its POSi bond with chicken hair protein.
MMT‐modified RPUF can improve its thermal stability, flame retardancy and smoke toxicity.
Why Is Development Elusive? Structural Adjustments of Africa in the Longue Durée
Authors: Ndlovu-Gatsheni Sabelo 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe current age of resurgent and insurgent decolonisation of the twenty-first century has led to the reopening of basic epistemological questions and the need to look into historical, systemic, structural, institutional and agential forces behind the making and remaking of the modern world from a decolonial perspective. Consequently, the tasks of locating Africa historically in the macro-histories of the unfolding of Euromodernity and the evolving capitalist world economy and explicating how Africa was integrated into the evolving modern world capitalist system, the nationalist and decolonial initiatives of remaking the world after empire, and the re-disciplining and re-adjustment of African lives and economies in the service of hyper-globalisation, has gained new impetus.
Beyond Deconstruction and Towards Decoloniality: Pedagogy and Curriculum Design in SWANA and South Asia Studies in US Higher Education
Authors: Zeweri Helena , Farmer Tessa 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn the United States area studies programs were created to train future generations of regional experts to become policymakers or to work in humanitarian and development aid. These programmes, entangled with US imperial policy, illuminate how decolonising area studies is not solely an epistemological problem for researchers but also an ethical problem for students in higher education, especially among development majors. In this chapter, we consider pedagogical and curricular practices that could contribute to developing a decolonial approach within introductory area studies programs that are designed to support practice-based development majors. We offer approaches that can equip students with the tools to imagine alternative pathways to engage in and with the Southwest Asia and North Africa (SWANA) and South Asia regions in ways that more closely align with a decolonial praxis.
A View to Beyond 6G
Authors: Yrjölä Seppo , Matinmikko-Blue Marja , Ahokangas Petri 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis chapter adopts a futures research approach and applies causal layered analysis to present 6G visions specifically focusing on the different national perspectives between China, Europe, Japan, South Korea, and the USA. The chapter identifies the assumptions behind mobile communications, analyzes the different national visions, and presents based on the multiple ideologies and epistemes of the stakeholders and transformed futures beyond 6G mobile communications. The chapter concludes with policy implications for developing global mobile communications.
The Evolution of Mobile Communications
Authors: Yrjölä Seppo , Matinmikko-Blue Marja , Ahokangas Petri 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis chapter introduces the evolution of mobile communications. As the mobile communications’ context is expected to become increasingly platform-based and ecosystemic, it is important to distinguish relevant perspectives and map the developments in the field. This chapter provides an outlook from the first (1G) to fifth (5G) generation of mobile communications by looking at technology and standardization, relevant regulatory developments and contents, and specifically characterizes the business ecosystems toward the sixth generation of mobile communications (6G). The purpose of the chapter is to provide a contextual setting for the discussions presented in the subsequent chapters by showing the emergence and evolutionary continuum of mobile communications from 1 to 6G.
Scalar QED in AdS
Authors: Ankur  , Carmi Dean , Di Pietro Lorenzo 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
We consider scalar QED with Nf flavors in AdSD. For D < 4 the theory is strongly-coupled in the IR. We use the spin 1 spectral representation to compute and efficiently resum the bubble diagram in AdS, in order to obtain the exact propagator of the photon at large Nf. We then apply this result to compute the boundary four-point function of the charged operators at leading order in 1/Nf and exactly in the coupling, both in the Coulomb and in the Higgs phase. In the first case a conserved current is exchanged in the four-point function, while in the second case the current is absent and there is a pattern of double-trace scaling dimension analogous to a resonance in flat space. We also consider the BCFT data associated to the critical point with bulk conformal symmetry separating the two phases. Both in ordinary perturbation theory and at large Nf, in integer dimension D = 3 an IR divergence breaks the conformal symmetry on the boundary by inducing a boundary RG flow in a current-current operator.
Efficacy and Safety of Dual Antiplatelet Therapy with the Routine Use of Prasugrel for Flow Diversion of Cerebral Unruptured Aneurysms
Authors: Suyama Kenichiro , Nakahara Ichiro , Matsumoto Shoji , Morioka Jun , Tanabe Jun , Hasebe Akiko , Watanabe Sadayoshi 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Prasugrel is not approved for patients treated with flow diverters, which have a high metal coverage ratio. However, robust antiplatelet therapy with prasugrel may prevent thromboembolic complications. We administered prasugrel and aspirin to all patients treated with flow diverters and reported the safety of the antiplatelet therapy regimen.

Methods
This retrospective, single-center study evaluated the angiographic and clinical data of consecutive patients treated with flow diverters for cerebral unruptured aneurysms between June 2020 and May 2022. All patients received dual antiplatelet therapy, including prasugrel and aspirin. The administration of prasugrel ended 3 or 6 months after the procedure, whereas aspirin use continued for at least 12 months. Periprocedural complications (< 30 days post-procedure) and delayed complications (> 30 days post-procedure) were recorded.

Results
During the study period, 120 unruptured aneurysms were treated with flow diverters in 110 patients. All patients, except one, survived longer than 12 months after the procedure. The rate of thromboembolic complications was 6.4%, and more than half of the patients had transient symptoms; one (0.9%) had a major ischemic stroke. One patient (0.9%) each had an asymptomatic, small subarachnoid hemorrhage and significant hemorrhagic complications with melena. The rate of permanent neurological deficits was 1.8%, and the mortality rate was 0.9%.

Conclusions
Dual antiplatelet therapy comprising routine use of prasugrel and aspirin for flow diverter-implanted patients possibly contributed to a low rate of thromboembolic complications and low risk of hemorrhagic complications.
Trends and characteristics of severe road traffic injuries in children: a nationwide cohort study in Japan
Authors: Nakao Shunichiro , Katayama Yusuke , Kitamura Tetsuhisa , Hirose Tomoya , Tachino Jotaro , Ishida Kenichiro , Ojima Masahiro , Kiguchi Takeyuki , Umemura Yutaka , Kiyohara Kosuke , Oda Jun 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this study was to evaluate temporal trends of characteristics of severe road traffic injuries in children and identify factors associated with mortality using a nationwide database in Japan.

Methods
We performed a retrospective analysis of Japan Trauma Data Bank (JTDB) from 2004 to 2018. We included patients with traffic injuries under the age of 18 who were hospitalized. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. We evaluated trends in characteristics and assessed factors associated with in-hospital mortality using a logistic regression analysis.

Results
A total of 4706 patients were analyzed. The most common mechanism of injury was bicycle crash (34.4%), followed by pedestrian (28.3%), and motorcycle crash (21.3%). The overall in-hospital mortality was 11.2%. We found decreasing trends in motorcycle crash and in-hospital mortality and increasing trends in rear passenger seats in cars over the 15-year period. The following factors were associated with in-hospital mortality: car crash (aOR 1.69, 95%CI 1.18–2.40), pedestrian (aOR 1.50, 95%CI 1.13–1.99), motorcycle crash (aOR 1.42, 95%CI 1.03–1.95) [bicycle crash as a reference]; concomitant injuries to head/neck (aOR 5.06, 95%CI 3.81–6.79), thorax (aOR 2.34, 95%CI 1.92–2.87), abdomen (aOR 1.74, 95%CI 1.29–2.33), pelvis/lower-extremity (aOR 1.57, 95%CI 1.23–2.00), spine (aOR 3.01, 95%CI 2.02–4.43); and 5-year increase in time period (aOR 0.80, 95%CI 0.70–0.91).

Conclusions
We found decreasing trends in motorcycle crash and in-hospital mortality, increasing trends in rear passenger seats in cars over the 15-year period, and factors associated with in-hospital mortality such as type of mechanisms and concomitant injuries. Strengthening child road safety measures, particularly for rear passenger seats in vehicles, is imperative to enhance our dedication to injury prevention.
Verletzungen des medialen Bandapparats des Kniegelenks
Authors: Herbst Elmar , Glasbrenner Johannes , Deichsel Adrian , Briese Thorben , Peez Christian , Raschke Michael J. , Kittl Christoph 
Published: October 2023

ZusammenfassungVerschiedene mediale Strukturen sind für die Hemmung der Valgus‑, Außenrotations- und anteromedialen Rotation zuständig. Aus Verletzungen dieser Strukturen können unterschiedlich ausgeprägte isolierte und kombinierte Instabilitäten resultieren. Das hintere Schrägband („posterior oblique ligament“, POL) wird, im Gegensatz zu früheren Spekulationen, nicht mehr als Hauptstabilisator der anteromedialen Rotationsinstabilität (AMRI) angesehen. Die akuten proximalen medialen Rupturen sind die Domäne der konservativen Therapie, mit sehr guten klinischen Ergebnissen. Im Gegensatz dazu bedingen akute distale Rupturen meistens ein operatives Vorgehen. Chronische Instabilitäten treten überwiegend in Kombination mit Instabilitäten des vorderen Kreuzbands (VKB) auf. Die klinische Untersuchung ist speziell bei diesen Instabilitäten ein wichtiger Bestandteil zur Indikationsstellung einer Operation für eine zusätzliche mediale Rekonstruktion. Bei hochgradigen medialen und anteromedialen Instabilitäten sollte an eine operative Versorgung gedacht werden. Biomechanisch erscheint eine kombinierte mediale und anteromediale Rekonstruktion den anderen Rekonstruktionsarten überlegen. Derzeit fehlen klinische Studien, um genau diesen biomechanischen Vorteil auch klinisch zu belegen.
Development of an optical particle number sensor based on continuous wave laser-induced incandescence
Authors: Kammerer Matteo , Purkl Fabian , Geigle Klaus Peter 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn this work, the development of a new particle counting sensor based on continuous-wave laser-induced incandescence is described. We demonstrate the sensor, which makes use of a focussed laser beam emitted by a compact laser diode, as an alternative device to established laboratory techniques to count soot particles. Simulations help understanding the cause–effect relationships based on known theory with the implementation of specific laser beam characteristics that influence the absorption process. The main goal of this work was to demonstrate the sensor’s ability to determine the soot particle number concentration of a test aerosol. This has been confirmed through a comparison with established laboratory instruments, like scanning mobility particle sizer or condensation particle counter. The observed size dependency of the laser induced incandescence sensor’s detection efficiency was successfully corrected with prior knowledge of the investigated particle size distribution. Furthermore, the sensor’s detection limit with respect to the particle diameter was determined to be well below 100 nm with a dependency on the applied laser power.
Soziotechnische Innovationen für Sorgegemeinschaften
Authors: Wörle Tobias , Schaller Michael , Fischer Florian 
Published: October 2023

ZusammenfassungMit dem steigenden Bedarf an pflegerischer Unterstützung im häuslichen Umfeld geht zugleich eine Abnahme in der Bereitschaft sowie den Möglichkeiten zur familialen Pflege einher (u. a. aufgrund gesellschaftlicher Fragmentierung und Individualisierung). Daher bedarf es neuer Formen sozialer Unterstützungsnetzwerke (Sorgegemeinschaften), in denen professionelle Akteure gemeinsam mit informell Pflegenden und Ehrenamtlichen aktiv sind. Hier kann die Digitalisierung ein Instrument darstellen, das in der Gestaltung und Koordination von Pflegearrangements für ältere Menschen auf sozialräumlicher Ebene zu unterstützen vermag. Grundlegende Voraussetzung ist jedoch, dass entsprechende Technologien zum einen partizipativ und zum anderen integriert in bestehende Strukturen entwickelt werden. Das bedeutet, dass nicht nur die Bedürfnisse und Bedarfe der zukünftigen Nutzer:innen umfassend in den Entwicklungsprozess einbezogen werden, sondern diese auch zu aktiv Mitentscheidenden werden. Darüber hinaus sollte sich die entwickelte Technik an bestehenden Versorgungsstrukturen und sozialräumlichen Gegebenheiten orientieren. Dieser konzeptionelle Beitrag nimmt sich dieser beiden Anforderungen an und zeigt anhand eines konkreten Fallbeispiels aus einem partizipativen Technikentwicklungsprojekt auf, wie soziotechnische Innovationen für und mit Sorgegemeinschaften so entwickelt, implementiert und nutzbar gemacht werden können, dass sie nachhaltig wirksam werden.