bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
3,4‐Methylenedioxymethamphetamine counteracts akinesia enantioselectively in rat rotational behavior and catalepsy
Authors: Lebsanft Heike B. , Kohles Timo , Kovar Karl‐Artur , Schmidt Werner J. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractWe have shown recently that 3,4‐methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) has symptomatic antiparkinsonian activity in rodent models of Parkinson's disease. In search of its mechanism of action, we further investigated the enantiomers of MDMA in the rotational behavioral model and catalepsy test. Catalepsy testing was done in drug‐naive unlesioned animals. The parkinsonian symptoms rigor and akinesia (i.e., catalepsy) were induced by intraperitoneal administration of haloperidol 0.5 mg/kg and measured repeatedly as descent latency from a horizontal bar and a vertical grid. MDMA and both its enantiomers were effective in counteracting haloperidol‐induced catalepsy, but if given as racemic, the effects were more pronounced than with the enantiomers. For testing of rotational behavior, male Sprague Dawley rats were lesioned unilaterally with 6‐hydroxydopamine (6‐OHDA) at the medial forebrain bundle. Administration of S‐MDMA (5 mg/kg) produced ipsilateral rotations. R‐MDMA was far less effective in inducing ipsilateral rotations in 6‐OHDA unilaterally lesioned rats, but when S‐MDMA was given additionally rotations immediately increased. Regarding their overall antiparkinsonian effects, the S‐enantiomer of MDMA was more effective than its R‐congener. R‐MDMA was able to increase the actions of S‐MDMA. Synapse 55:148–155, 2005. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The role of school context in the increase in young people's health complaints in Finland
Authors: Karvonen Sakari , Vikat Andres , Rimpelä Matti 
Published: December 2004

AbstractAccording to biological indicators trends in young people's health appear favourable, but the psychosocial aspects suggest a different pattern. We studied the differences across schools in common health complaints and in three groups of factors behind them: pupils’ individual characteristics, family related factors and school‐related factors. Multilevel linear regression models were used to analyse repeated cross‐sectional data from Finnish 8th and 9th graders (14‐ and 15‐year‐olds, ) in 109 schools that were surveyed in 1996, 1998 and 2000. Common health complaints increased steadily during the follow‐up for all schools and they varied across schools. Both individual and school‐level factors contributed significantly to the variation in common health complaints. The study suggests that young people's psychosocial health involves a range of influences deriving from individual susceptibility and from the social and educational functioning of schools. However, none of these factors can account for the rapid decrease in young people's psychosocial health.
Evolved mechanisms in adolescent anxiety and depression symptoms: the role of the attachment and social rank systems
Authors: Irons C. , Gilbert P. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractOne hundred and forty adolescent students were assessed on measures of attachment, social rank (social comparison and submissive behaviour), and depression and anxiety symptoms. Secure attachment was significantly correlated with positive social comparison and inversely with submissive behaviour, depression and anxiety symptoms. In contrast, insecure attachment of both avoidance and ambivalence was associated with unfavourable comparison with others, and positively correlated with submissive behaviour, depression and anxiety symptoms. Exploring the relationship of attachment with depression and anxiety symptoms revealed that this link might have different routes through social rank perceptions. For secure attachment, social rank concerns (i.e. social comparison and submissive behaviour) did not mediate the linkage with anxiety or depression symptoms. However, for insecure attachment, social rank concerns showed either a partial or complete mediation of these relationships. This data may indicate that insecure attachment sensitizes individuals to become focused on the competitive dynamics of groups, the power of others to shame, hurt or reject, and the need to defend against these possibilities.
The association between bullying behaviour, arousal levels and behaviour problems
Authors: Woods Sarah , White Eleanor 
Published: December 2004

AbstractResearch into bullying behaviour has identified two main categories of bullying behaviour, direct bullying and relational bullying, within which different profiles are evident, namely ‘pure’ bullies, ‘pure’ victims, bully/victims and neutral children. The current study examined the relationship between direct and relational bullying profiles, arousal levels, and behaviour problems. 242 (males: 121, females: 121) Secondary school pupils (mean age 13.5 years) completed three questionnaires; the Arousal Predisposition Scale (APS) (Behav. Res. Therapy 26 (1988) 415); the School Relationships Questionnaire (SRQ) (detailed in J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry 41(8) (2000) 989; Br. J. Psychol. 92 (2001) 673); the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) (J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry 38(5) (1997) 581). Results revealed that the bully/victim profile for direct and relational bullying had the highest levels of arousal compared to other bullying profiles. Conversely, direct ‘pure’ bullies had low levels of arousal. Clinical behaviour problems as measured by the SDQ were associated with high levels of arousal. Clinically low arousal was not related to either bullying profiles, or behaviour problems. These findings were largely consistent with the arousal theory of behaviour (Crime and personality, 1964), which indicates that arousal levels are differentially associated with distinct behaviour patterns. The results provide implications for bullying intervention strategies, and methods to manage the school environment in relation to arousal levels.
Target recognition and synaptogenesis by motor axons: responses to the sidestep protein
Authors: de Jong Samanta , Cavallo Jaime A. , Rios Carl D. , Dworak Heather A. , Sink Helen 
Published: December 2004

AbstractSidestep (Side) is a pivotal molecular player in embryonic motor axon pathfinding. But questions about its functional repertoire remain: (i) can Side permanently overturn targeting preferences? (ii) does it promote synaptogenesis, and (iii) can Side facilitate synaptic stabilization? To address these questions, Side was temporally and spatially misexpressed and the visible consequences for neuromuscular junction morphology were assessed. When Side was misexpressed either broadly or selectively in muscles during targeting in a wildtype background motor axon targeting preferences were permanently overturned. However the misexpression of Side in all muscles post‐targeting neither changed synapse morphology, nor compensated for a lack of the synapse‐stabilizing protein Fasciclin II (FasII). Rather Side appears to be dependent on FasII, instead of on intrinsic ability, for sustaining targeting changes. We propose that Side helps to bring motor axons to their correct muscle targets and promotes synaptogenesis, then FasII serves to stabilize the synaptic contacts.
Radical versus conservative surgery for vulvar carcinoma
Authors: Arvas M. , Köse F. , Gezer A. , Demirkiran F. , Tulunay G. , Kösebay D. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractObjectiveThe comparison of the radical and conservative surgical approaches for vulvar carcinoma in relation to the rate of recurrence and complications.MethodsThe records of invasive vulvar carcinoma cases were retrospectively reviewed in İstanbul University, Cerrahpaşa School of Medicine, Gynecologic Oncology Division and Social Insurance Institution, Ankara Maternity Hospital, Gynecologic Oncology Department. Surgically treated cases with squamous histology were divided into radical vulvectomy and conservative procedures groups and were compared with respect to recurrence, complications, and disease‐free survival.ResultsOne hundred thirteen cases of invasive vulvar carcinoma cases were of squamous histopathology and 92 of these were surgically treated. The rate of local recurrence was lower in the radical vulvectomy group (25%) compared to conservative procedures groups (42.5%; p>0.05). The complication rates were comparable between the radical vulvectomy and conservative procedures groups (32.7% versus 35%, respectively; p>0.05). At the end of five years of the follow‐up, the disease‐free survival rates were 51.5% in radical vulvectomy group versus 35.7% in conservative procedures group (p>0.05).ConclusionThe rate of recurrence, complication, and disease‐free survival are similar for the radical vulvectomy and the conservative procedures. Deciding the surgical strategy for vulvar carcinoma should depend on the experience of the surgeon for the short‐term adequate results.
Effects of age on the repair ability of mesenchymal stem cells in rabbit tendon
Authors: Dressler M. R. , Butler D. L. , Boivin G. P. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractSuccessful tissue engineered repair in the aging adult requires an abundant source of autologous, multipotent mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Although the number of bone marrow‐derived MSCs declines dramatically with aging, their effectiveness in repair with increasing age has not been studied. We tested the hypothesis that MSCs harvested from geriatric rabbits would not repair patellar tendon defects as well as MSCs harvested from younger adult rabbits. In a novel within‐subjects experiment, autologous MSCs were isolated from 1‐year old rabbits, culture expanded, and cryogenically preserved. After housing the rabbits for 3 years, MSCs were re‐harvested from the 4‐year old rabbits and expanded. Five hundred thousand thawed and fresh MSCs were each separately mixed with type I collagen gel (333.3 × 103 cells/mg collagen) 24 h before surgery, and the resulting constructs implanted in bilateral full‐length central third tendon defects. Twelve weeks post‐surgery, the bone‐tendon repair‐bone units were failed in tension. Intra‐animal (paired) comparisons between repair tissue treated with 1‐year old MSCs and repair tissue treated with 4‐year old MSCs resulted in no significant differences (α = 0.05) in material properties including maximum stress (10.8 MPa vs. 9.9 MPa; p = 0.762), modulus (139.8 MPa vs. 146.2 MPa; p = 0.914), and strain energy density (0.52 Nmm/mm3 vs. 0.53 Nmm/mm3; p = 0.966). Despite an age‐related trend, there were also no significant differences in structural properties including maximum force (62.9 N vs. 27.0 N; p = 0.070), stiffness (24.9 N/mm vs. 12.0 N/mm; p = 0.111), and strain energy (87.2 Nmm vs. 31.4 Nmm; p = 0.061). A subset of the rabbits (n = 4 1 yrMSC, n = 2 4 yrMSC) showed the presence of ectopic bone in the repair region and were not included in the mechanical analyses. We conclude that in the rabbit model MSCs do not lose their benefit as a tendon repair therapy with aging and that MSCs can be cryogenically stored for 3 years and still effectively repair soft tissue injuries. © 2004 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Healing of reamed glenoid bone articulating with a metal humeral hemiarthroplasty: A canine model
Authors: Matsen Frederick A. , Clark John M. , Titelman Robert M. , Gibbs Kristi M. , Boorman Richard S. , Deffenbaugh Daren , Korvick Donna L. , Norman Anthony G. , Ott Susan M. , Parsons Ira M. , Sidles John A. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThis study characterizes the healing response of the glenoid after spherical reaming and prosthetic humeral head replacement in a canine model of glenohumeral hemiarthroplasty. The right glenoid of twelve skeletally mature female dogs was reamed to a uniform radius of curvature, removing all cartilage down to bleeding subchondral bone. The glenoid was not resurfaced. The humeral head was replaced with a stemmed metal prosthesis. Post‐surgery, the operated limbs were immobilized for seven days, with motion allowedad libitumthereafter. Fluorescent bone labels were administered to identify bone formation. These procedures were not complicated by instability, infection or death. Six animals were euthanized at 10 week and six more at 24 week. The intact gleno‐humeral joints were evaluated by gross examination, assessment of glenoid concavity, and light microscopy of methylmethacrylate sections. At 10 week, vascular fibrous tissue partially covered the glenoid, maintaining a concave surface congruent with the prosthetic humeral head. New bone formed at the margin of the glenoid, and the density of the periarticular trabecular bone increased. At 24 week, the healing was more advanced; thick fibrocartilaginous tissue covered the entire glenoid surface.The results demonstrate that spherical glenoid reaming produced a consistent healing response characterized by remodelling of the reamed bony concavity to a congruent, living, smooth, securely attached interface articulating with the humeral prosthesis. © 2004 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Increase in sensory neuropeptides surrounding the Achilles tendon in rats with adjuvant arthritis
Authors: Bring Daniel K.‐I. , Heidgren Marie‐Louise , Kreicbergs Andris , Ackermann Paul W. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe Achilles tendon in rats with adjuvant arthritis was analyzed by radioimmunoassay (RIA) and semi‐quantitative immunohistochemistry for the occurrence of two sensory neuropeptides, substance P (SP) and calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP), and a sensory modulating peptide, galanin (GAL). The tissue concentration of SP and CGRP in the Achilles tendon and its envelope, i.e. the paratenon and bony insertion, as assessed by RIA was increased by 22% and 71%, respectively, compared to normal controls, whereas the level of GAL was unchanged.Semi‐quantitative immunohistochemistry applied to different regions of the tendon in arthritic rats disclosed an increased occurrence of SP and CGRP positive nerve fibers in the paratenon and bone tendinous junction, whereas GAL fibers were only increased at the bone tendinous junction. Notably, neither neuropeptides nor inflammatory cells were seen in the tendon proper. The increased occurrence of SP and CGRP in the tendon envelope presumably reflects inflammatory actions, whereas that of GAL implies an endogenous anti‐inflammatory response.The observed SP and CGRP upregulation in the paratenon and bony insertion suggests a pathophysiological role in paratenonitis and enthesitis often seen in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Presumably Achillodynia originates in the tendon envelope rather than the tendon proper. The observations could be used to define new pharmacological targets for mitigating symptoms from tendons in rheumatoid arthritis and possibly also in other disorders. Whether a neuronal pathogenic mechanism underlies tendon overuse disorders in non‐arthritic tendinopathies and the development of degeneration, i.e. tendinosis, remains to be studied. © 2004 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Lymphocyte responses in patients with total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Hallab Nadim James , Anderson Shelley , Stafford Tiffany , Glant Tibor , Jacobs Joshua J. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractHow lymphocyte‐mediated metal sensitivity affects orthopaedic implant performance remains poorly understood. Do patients with implants exhibit elevated lymphocyte reactivity to metals and is this reactivity more generalized or more implant‐alloy specific? We investigated these questions by measuring lymphocyte responses to implant metals (Cr+3, Co+2, Ni+2 at 0.1 mM, and Ti+4 at 0.001 mM) in six subject groups: Group 1a = young controls, Group 1b = age matched controls, Group 2a = subjects with osteoarthritis (OA) and no history of metal sensitivity, Group 2b = OA subjects with history of metal sensitivity, Group 3a = total hip arthroplasty (THA) subjects with no to mild radiographic osteolysis, and Group 3b = THA subjects with moderate osteolysis. Lymphocyte proliferation, using Lymphocyte Transformation Testing (LTT), and cytokine release provided quantitative reactivity measurement, where a stimulation index of >2 indicated metal sensitivity. OA subjects with a history of metal sensitivity (Group 2b) were more metal reactive to Ni than any other group, as expected (66% incidence and Stimulation Index >20). However, THA subjects (Groups 3a & b) were >3 fold more reactive to Cr (p < 0.04), than were controls (Groups 1a & b) or OA subjects (Groups 2a & b). THA subjects with moderate vs mild osteolysis (Group 3b vs 3a) were more reactive to Co (43% vs 0% incidence). Only osteolytic THA subjects demonstrated increased cytokine responses with >two‐fold (p <0.05) increases in soluble interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ) and interleukin‐2 (IL‐2) levels in response to Cr challenge. This elevated incidence and averaged level of lymphocyte reactivity supports a metal‐specific adaptive immune response and suggests involvement in the pathogenesis of poor implant performance, e.g. aseptic osteolysis. © 2004 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
The coenzyme specificity of Candida tenuis xylose reductase (AKR2B5) explored by site-directed mutagenesis and X-ray crystallography
Authors: PETSCHACHER Barbara , LEITGEB Stefan , KAVANAGH Kathryn L. , WILSON David K. , NIDETZKY Bernd 
Published: December 2004

CtXR (xylose reductase from the yeast Candida tenuis; AKR2B5) can utilize NADPH or NADH as co-substrate for the reduction of D-xylose into xylitol, NADPH being preferred approx. 33-fold. X-ray structures of CtXR bound to NADP+ and NAD+ have revealed two different protein conformations capable of accommodating the presence or absence of the coenzyme 2′-phosphate group. Here we have used site-directed mutagenesis to replace interactions specific to the enzyme–NADP+ complex with the aim of engineering the co-substrate-dependent conformational switch towards improved NADH selectivity. Purified single-site mutants K274R (Lys274→Arg), K274M, K274G, S275A, N276D, R280H and the double mutant K274R–N276D were characterized by steady-state kinetic analysis of enzymic D-xylose reductions with NADH and NADPH at 25 °C (pH 7.0). The results reveal between 2- and 193-fold increases in NADH versus NADPH selectivity in the mutants, compared with the wild-type, with only modest alterations of the original NADH-linked xylose specificity and catalytic-centre activity. Catalytic reaction profile analysis demonstrated that all mutations produced parallel effects of similar magnitude on ground-state binding of coenzyme and transition state stabilization. The crystal structure of the double mutant showing the best improvement of coenzyme selectivity versus wild-type and exhibiting a 5-fold preference for NADH over NADPH was determined in a binary complex with NAD+ at 2.2 Å resolution.
Zinc- and iron-dependent cytosolic metallo-β-lactamase domain proteins exhibit similar zinc-binding affinities, independent of an atypical glutamate at the metal-binding site
Authors: SCHILLING Oliver , VOGEL Andreas , KOSTELECKY Brenda , NATAL da LUZ Hugo , SPEMANN Daniel , SPÄTH Bettina , MARCHFELDER Anita , TRÖGER Wolfgang , MEYER-KLAUCKE Wolfram 
Published: December 2004

ZiPD (zinc phosphodiesterase; synonyms are ElaC, ecoZ, RNaseZ and 3′ tRNase) and the iron-dependent redox enzyme FlRd (flavorubredoxin) from Escherichia coli represent prototypical cases of proteins sharing the metallo-β-lactamase fold that require strict metal selectivity for catalytic activity, yet their metal selectivity has only been partially understood. In contrast with hydrolytic metallo-β-lactamase proteins, iron-dependent FlRd-like enzymes have an atypical glutamate ligand, which replaces one otherwise conserved histidine ligand. X-ray absorption spectroscopy revealed that the FlRd metallo-β-lactamase domain is capable of incorporating two zinc ions into the binuclear metal-binding site. Zinc dissociation constants, determined by isothermal titration calorimetry are similar for zinc binding to E. coli ZiPD (Kd1=2.2±0.2 μM and Kd2=23.0±0.6 μM) and to the E. coli FlRd metallo-β-lactamase domain (Kd1=0.7±0.1 μM and Kd2=26.0±0.1 μM). In good correspondence, apo-ZiPD requires incubation with 10 μM zinc for full reconstitution of the phosphodiesterase activity. Accordingly, metal selectivity of ZiPD and FlRd only partially relies on first shell metal ligands. Back mutation of the atypical glutamate in FlRd to a histidine unexpectedly resulted in an increased first zinc dissociation constant (Kd1=30±4 μM and Kd2=23±2 μM). In combination with a recent mutational study on ZiPD [Vogel, Schilling and Meyer-Klaucke (2004) Biochemistry 43, 10379–10386], we conclude that the atypical glutamate does not guide metal selectivity of the FlRd metallo-β-lactamase domain but suppresses possible hydrolytic cross-activity.
The Nramp orthologue of Cryptococcus neoformans is a pH-dependent transporter of manganese, iron, cobalt and nickel
Authors: AGRANOFF Daniel , COLLINS Lauren , KEHRES David , HARRISON Tom , MAGUIRE Michael , KRISHNA Sanjeev 
Published: December 2004

Cryptococcus neoformans is an important human opportunistic pathogen and a facultative intracellular parasite, particularly in HIV-infected individuals. Little is known about metal ion transport in this organism. C. neoformans encodes a single member of the Nramp (natural resistance-associated macrophage protein) family of bivalent cation transporters, known as Cramp, which we have cloned and expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes and Spodoptera frugiperda Sf 21 insect cells. Cramp induces saturable transport of a broad range of bivalent transition series cations, including Mn2+, Fe2+, Co2+ and Ni2+. Maximal cation transport occurs at pH 5.5–6.0, consistent with the proton gradient-based energetics of other Nramp orthologues. Mn2+ transport is diminished in the presence of 140 mM Na+, compatible with a Na+ slippage mechanism proposed for the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Nramp orthologue Smf1p. Cramp resembles Smf1p with respect to predicted membrane topology, substrate specificity and pH dependence, but differs in terms of its apparent affinity for Mn2+ and negligible inhibition by Zn2+. Cramp is the first Nramp orthologue from a fungal pathogen to be functionally characterized. Insights afforded by these findings will allow the formulation of new hypotheses regarding the role of metal ions in the pathophysiology of cryptococcosis.