bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison between two different doses of Norepinephrine infusion for preventing post spinal Anesthesia Hypotension during Cesarean section
Authors: Bhattarai Rupak , Yadav Amarendra Kumar , Shah Parasmani , Sharma Prabin 
Published: November 2023

Introduction: Post spinal maternal hypotension is common complication during cesarean section. Norepinephrine is a vasopressor recently used in obstetrics anesthesia. However, there are less data available regarding its optimal dose.
Objective: The main objective of this study is to compare two doses of infusion of norepinephrine for post spinal hypotension during cesarean delivery.
Methodology: A prospective, randomized, double blinded study on full term pregnant patient scheduled for elective cesarean delivery. The infusion of Norepinephrine started after spinal anesthesia after patient randomly divided into two groups. Group A received norepinephrine infusion rate of 0.025ug/kg/min and Group B received at rate of 0.050ug/kg/min. The norepinephrine was continued till 5 minutes after the delivery of fetus and subsequently stopped. These two groups were compared with systolic blood pressure, mean arterial pressure, heart rate, intraoperative hypotensive episodes, Nausea and Vomiting, tachycardia and neonatal outcomes.
Results: Systolic blood pressure and mean arterial pressure was higher in group B when compared with group A at all time intervals intraoperatively. The minimum systolic blood pressure and mean arterial blood pressure in group A were 91.61±8.76 and 59.8±5.29 and group B were 90.67±1.21 and 65±3.46 respectively. No significant difference in heart rate between the two groups. In 0.025ug/kg/min group had 23 (46%) hypotensive episode whereas in 0.050ug/kg/min group had 6 (12%) hypotensive episodes (p<0.001). In group A 9 patient had nausea and vomiting. Bradycardia was seen in 2 % of patient in group A. Tachycardia was seen in 4% of patients in group B. Apgar score was comparable and significant (P<0.05) in 10 minutes.
Conclusion: In the present study, the infusion of 0.050ug/kg/min norepinephrine reduced the hypotensive episodes when compared with the infusion of 0.025ug/kg/min norepinephrine following spinal Anesthesia during cesarean delivery.
Cross Sectional study to evaluate Psychosocial impact of Covid 19 among medical students of BMCTH
Authors: Guragain Parth , Niraula Aarju , Kafle Tara Kumari , Bhagat Baby Kumari , Agarwal Hulas 
Published: November 2023

Introduction: COVID-19, a profoundly contagious viral disease caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has had a devastating impact globally, leading to over 6 million fatalities worldwide. Covid 19 caused isolation, anxiety, grief, economic stress, and disrupted routines, leading to mental struggles, strained relationships, and increased demand for mental health services globally.
Objectives: The objectives of this study were to find out psychosocial impact of covid 19 among medical students of BMCTH and to assess the factors associated with psychosocial impact of covid 19.
Methodology: A cross-sectional study was carried out among all medical students of Birat medical college teaching hospital from August, 2022 to January 2023. Data was collected from 258 eligible participants using GHQ12 questionnaire. Chi-square test was applied for assessing association between dependent and independent variables and binary logistic regression analysis was used to find the determinants.
Results: Present study was conducted among 258 medical students. Among them 43.0% had normal psychological status, 27.5% were in borderline 15.5% showed evidence of psychological distress and 14.0% were experiencing severe psychological distress. Bivariate analysis between socio-demographic characteristics and psychosocial status showed gender, work overload, work hours in covid ward, exposure to false covid information and covid quarantine were significantly associated with psychological distress at p- value < 0.05. Further important variables were run for multivariate analysis which revealed age (B=3.46, CI:1.45-8.23 and P=0.005), gender (B=3.20, CI: 1.61-6.37 and P=0.001) and work overload (B=9.63, CI: 4.32-21.49 and P=0.000) were found as significant predictors/determinants of psychological distress. Age greater than 24 years, female gender and higher work load were significantly associated with psychological distress.
Conclusion: The psychological distress among the medical students due to covid 19 was in appalling situation. The study found age >24 years, female gender and higher workload were the predictor of the psychological distress Integrated efforts from medical college, parents, peers and faculties are to be initiated to address the existing problems.
Comparison between clinical and ultrasonographic parameters in predicting difficult airway: An observational prospective study
Authors: Poudel Deepak , Pyakurel Kumud , Sah Birendra Prasad , Pokhrel Anuja , Khanal Kanak , Rajbanshi Lalit K 
Published: November 2023

Introduction : Various clinical tests are applied at the bedside to predict difficult airway during the pre-anaesthetic examination. Ultrasonography can be used to evaluate the airway and predict difficulty in laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation.
Objective : To compare the various clinical and ultrasonographic parameters in predicting difficult airway.
Methodology: This prospective observational study was carried out at Birat Medical College and Teaching Hospital. The clinical parameters obtained were Modified Mallampati Grade (MMP), Upper Lip Bite Test (ULBT) and Thyromental Distance (TMD) and the ultrasonographic (USG) parameters used were Tongue Volume (TV), Hyomental Distance Ratio (HMDR) and distance of soft tissue from skin to hyoid bone (DSHB).These results were correlated with Cormack-Lehane (CL) grade during laryngoscopy of 200 patients. The sensitivity, specificity, Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve along with Area under the curve (AUC) was calculated for each parameter.
Result: Incidence of difficult airway was 15.5%. The sensitivity and specificity of ultrasonographic tongue volume (TV) was higher among all parameters in predicting difficult airway. The specificity of HMDR and DSHB were better compared to clinical parameters.
Conclusion: The use of ultrasound in pre-anaesthetic examination can be a viable tool along with clinical parameters for prediction of difficult airway.
Measurement of Serum Vitamin D Level and its association with Rheumatoid Arthritis, A prospective study at eastern region of Nepal.
Authors: Gupta Mithilesh Kumar , Gupta Pradeep Kumar , Panthee Rajan 
Published: November 2023

Introduction: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease characterized by synovitis. The etiology and pathogenesis of RA remain obscure and many factors may be associated with its pathogenesis. Recent findings support that low levels of serum Vitamin D is associated with an increased risk for the development of RA. Recently, the role of vitamin D deficiency in the pathogenesis of RA, as well as the relationship between vitamin D deficiency and the activity of RA has also been an area of interest for many researchers.
Objectives: The objectives of this study is to analyse the vitamin D levels in RA patients and investigate the association between the serum levels of vitamin D and disease activity of RA patients from Eastern region of Nepal.
Methodology: A prospective study was conducted at Birat Medical college teaching hospital, Tankisinwari from September 2022 to August 2023. A total of 150 patients, after fulfilling exclusion and inclusion criteria were enrolled with convenience sampling technique. A control group (n=97) of patients were also enrolled for comparison. After collection of all data, ANOVA test was used to compare continuous variables between control and vitamin D groups.
Results: Vitamin D deficiency was found in 35 patients (23.3%), Vitamin D insufficiency found in 94 patients (62.6%), and is normal in only 21 patients (14%). Also patients with RA had significantly lower vitamin D levels in comparison to patients with control activity. The difference between these two groups was statistically significant (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Our study finds a significant inverse relationship between blood vitamin D levels and RA activity. However, due to the small number of patients included in the current study, further research with a larger sample size is needed to gain a better understanding of the relationship between RA activity and vitamin D.
The anti-staphylococcal activity of probiotic-contain gelatin and whey coatings on processed chicken breast
Authors: Manafi Leila , Mehrabi Ali , Mahmoudi Razzagh , Manafi Leila , Morasa Hajar Khedmati , Qajarbeygi Peyman , Alizadeh Ahad , Mahmoudi Razzagh 
Published: November 2023

In the current study, processed-cooked chicken breast has been covered by edible coats of whey protein concentrate and gelatin containing _Lactobacillusplantarum_ and _Bifidobacteriumbifidum_ bacteria. Then, to evaluate the anti-staphylococcal activity of the coatings, the samples were contaminated with _Staphylococcus aureus_ (105CFU/g), and the population of _S. aureus_ was counted in the treated samples on the 1st, 15th, 30th, and 45th days of the storage period by surface culture method. Data were analyzed for statistical significance by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the Kruskal-Wallis test. Generally, _S. aureus_ growth has increased with increasing the time on all treatments and control. However, coated samples with gelatin coats containing probiotics showed more anti-staphylococcal activity than control samples on days 1 and 15. Regarding the samples coated with whey protein, of course, on days 1 and 15 and only in the samples containing _L. plantarum_, the anti-staphylococcal effect was significant compared to the control. (p<05). While there was no difference in the antimicrobial activity of the types of coatings (gelatin/whey) containing_ L. plantarum_ on all test days (p>0.05), the inhibitory effect by the gelatin coating in the presence of _B. bifidum _was significantly higher on the 15th day (p<0.05). Accordingly, it seems that using probiotics in edible coats may be a hopeful way to cover types of meat products, especially cooked processed meats.
Studying 3d modeling and prototyping in pre-professional classes with the help of the T-FLEX CAD program. Implementation of the project result in the form of an educational startup
Authors: Samylkina N. N. , Kashapova R. F. 
Published: November 2023

The article continues the consideration of using the Russian computer-aided design program T-FLEX CAD to study 3D modeling and prototyping in pre-professional engineering classes, which began in the journal "Informatics at School" No 5-2022. The use of this program when performing an individual project is presented.Practical works are offered that are aimed at creating a model and prototype of a respirator mask. The result of the works is the technical part of an individual project, which can be realized as an educational startup. When realizing the project as an educational startup, legal regulations, financing opportunities and other features of implementing such a project for continuing education are considered.The material will be useful for teachers of informatics and technology working in engineering or information and technology classes, when teaching an advanced course in informatics or a special course in 3D modeling and prototyping.
POINT STIMULATION WITH ESSENTIAL OILS IN COMPLEX TREATMENT OF LUMBOSACRAL DORSOPATHIES
Authors: Agasarov L. G. , Bazarova B. S. 
Published: November 2023

The material is devoted to the analysis of the main mechanisms and comparative assessment of the effectiveness of various options for the cutaneous use of essential oils in dorsopathies.Materials and methods. 90 patients (women and men) with exacerbation of lumbosacral dorsopathy were selected. In the course of the study, along with neurological, psychological and electrophysiological analysis was carried out. The observed individuals were divided into three randomized groups, each of 30 people in which standard treatment was performed standard treatment. In addition to this, in the first two, main groups, a mixture of essential oils was used: in the 1st group by massaging the lumbosacral zone, in the 2nd – biopuncture, with its application to the area of segmental and distant acupuncture points In the 3rd, control group, sesame oil was applied to the area of the same points as a placebo.Results and conclusion. The results of the study confirmed the effectiveness of both types of use of essential oils, exceeding, at the level of reliability, the indicators of the control group. However, in the main groups, the rates of sustained analgesia varied, achieved on average after 7.2 procedures in the 1st and 5.5 in the 2nd group. In a similar proportion, the final intensity of pain also decreased – by 51.7 and 65%, respectively, compared with the initial one. According to the delayed assessment performed after six months, exacerbations of the process in the control group were noted in a third of patients, while in the main groups they were observed in a comparably smaller number. Nevertheless, there are differences in the severity of periodically occurring algia: in the 2nd group they increased slightly, while in others they increased to a significantly greater extent. At the same time, the data of rheovasograms testified in favor of greater stability of the results in the 2nd group. The noted advantage of biopuncture with essential oils can be explained by the cumulative effect inherent in the methods of reflexology. In addition, this technique, given the physiology, can be an addition to more aggressive types (classical acupuncture, electrical stimulation) of physical exposure.
DENTAL IMPLANTATION AFTER RECONSTRUCTION OF TOTAL AND SUBTOTAL DEFECTS OF THE UPPER AND LOWER JAWS
Authors: Glebova M. S. , Glebov G. S. , Sletova V. A. , Gabbasova I. V. , Boiko E. M. , Idrisova A. M. , Sletov A. A. 
Published: November 2023

Medical and social rehabilitation of patients with total jaw defects is an urgent surgical problem for maxillofacial surgeons. Cicatricial deformities, functional disorders of anatomical structures after resection are a difficult task for reconstructive surgery. It is impossible to achieve positive results without the use of digital technologies, a review of the methods of «digital dentistry» (CAD-CAM modeling and 3D printing) on clinical examples.The aim of the study was to investigate the necessity of using digital technology in prosthetic patients with subtotal and total jawbone defects.Materials and methods. The review provides examples of complex dental rehabilitation of patients with a detailed description of clinical and laboratory procedures, photographs and X-ray studies.Results. An illustrative clinical example confirms the high value and significant role of computer simulation in complex clinical cases and situations. The presented technique made it possible to restore the former quality of life of patients, which indicates its high development today.Conclusions. Clinical examples confirm the effectiveness of the use of digital dental technologies, prosthetics on implants in maxillofacial surgical dentistry. In the future, these methods will be improved through the introduction of new materials, workflow optimization and improved design accuracy using CAD-CAM and 3D modeling technologies.
Association of remnant cholesterol with CVD incidence: a general population cohort study in Southwest China
Authors: Liu Chengxi , Dai Mi , Tian Kunming , Zhou Shiyu , Luo Lei , Zeng Zhiying , Yan Xuelian , Xiao Ying , Wang Yiying , Deng Renli , Lei Xiuhong , Liu Tao 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundEmerging evidence has indicated that remnant cholesterol (RC) could predict cardiovascular disease (CVD) incidence. Nevertheless, the relationship between RC and CVD risk, especially within the general Chinese population, remains scarce.ObjectiveThe present research aimed to assess whether RC concentrations and CVD outcomes in general Chinese adults are related.MethodsThe Cox proportional hazard model was established to explore the relationship between RC and the outcomes of CVD and CVD subgroups. A restricted cubic spline (RCS) was utilized to investigate the dose–response connection between RC and the risk of CVD outcomes, and the ROC curve was used to calculate the corresponding cutoff values. Moreover, stratified analysis was conducted to investigate the potential effect modification in the association between RC and CVD outcomes.ResultsSignificant positive associations were found between elevated categorical RC and increased risk of CVD (HR Q4, 1.80; 95% CI 1.15–2.79; P-value = 0.008), atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (HR Q4, 2.00; 95% CI 1.22–3.27; P-value = 0.007), stroke (HR Q4, 1.66; 95% CI 1.02–2.69; P-value = 0.040), and ischemic stroke (HR Q4, 1.87, 95% CI 1.08–3.25; P-value = 0.034), respectively. Our study suggested that the incidence of CVD outcomes increased when RC levels were above 0.75 mmol/L. Importantly, the CVD risks related to RC were more likely to be those found in subjects aged above 60 years, women, subjects with BMI &lt;24 kg/m2, and subjects with hypertension and unhealthy diet patterns.ConclusionsAberrant high level of RC is associated with elevated CVD risk, independent of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). Our data reveal urgent primary prevention for subjects with high RC levels to a low incidence of CVD, especially for the elderly, women, and those with hypertension and unhealthy diet patterns.
Prevalence of undiagnosed hypertension and associated factors among adults in Durame town, Southern Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Suliman Abebe , Tadesse Sebsibe , Abute Lonsako , Selamu Markos 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundUndiagnosed hypertension is a major public health problem causing severe cardiovascular disorders that are responsible for a high proportion of morbidities and mortalities, especially among adults living in low-income countries. However, there is a paucity of information that describes its epidemiology in Ethiopia. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of undiagnosed hypertension and associated factors among adults in Durame town, southern Ethiopia.MethodsA community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from July to September 2022. Data were collected from 526 randomly selected adults aged ≥18 years using a pre-tested questionnaire. The binary logistic regression models were used to identify factors associated with undiagnosed hypertension.ResultsThe prevalence of undiagnosed hypertension among adults in Durame town, southern Ethiopia, was found to be 14.0% (95% CI: 11.2–17.1). Family history of hypertension [AOR = 6.9, 95% CI: (3.62, 13.27)], drinking too much alcohol [AOR = 5.7, 95% CI: (2.97, 10.75)], physical inactivity [AOR = 2.5, 95% CI: (1.34, 4.73)], consuming street foods regularly [AOR = 2.8, 95% CI: (1.28, 6.01)], and seeking healthcare for hypertensive symptoms without serious illness [AOR = 2.4, 95% CI: (1.28, 4.56)] were significantly associated with developing undiagnosed hypertension.ConclusionThe study has revealed that one in seven adults had undiagnosed hypertension in the study area. Thus, interventions to prevent hypertension should target increasing awareness among people with a family history of hypertension, controlling excessive alcohol consumption, promoting physical exercise, regulating street food markets, and improving the health-seeking behavior of adults in urban settings.
Identification of autophagy-related genes in osteoarthritis articular cartilage and their roles in immune infiltration
Authors: Qin Jun , Zhang Jin , Wu Jian-Jun , Ru Xiao , Zhong Qiu-Ling , Zhao Jin-Min , Lan Ni-Han 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundAutophagy plays a critical role in the progression of osteoarthritis (OA), mainly by regulating inflammatory and immune responses. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the potential relevance of autophagy-related genes (ARGs) associated with infiltrating immune cells in OA.MethodsGSE114007, GSE169077, and ARGs were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and the Human Autophagy database. R software was used to identify the differentially expressed autophagy-related genes (DEARGs) in OA. Functional enrichment and protein–protein interaction (PPI) analyses were performed to explore the role of DEARGs in OA cartilage, and then Cytoscape was utilized to screen hub ARGs. Single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) was used to conduct immune infiltration analysis and evaluate the potential correlation of key ARGs and immune cell infiltration. Then, the expression levels of hub ARGs in OA were further verified by the GSE169077 and qRT-PCR. Finally, Western blotting and immunohistochemistry were used to validate the final hub ARGs.ResultsA total of 24 downregulated genes and five upregulated genes were identified, and these genes were enriched in autophagy, mitophagy, and inflammation-related pathways. The intersection results identified nine hub genes, namely, CDKN1A, DDIT3, FOS, VEGFA, RELA, MAP1LC3B, MYC, HSPA5, and HSPA8. GSE169077 and qRT-PCR validation results showed that only four genes, CDKN1A, DDT3, MAP1LC3B, and MYC, were consistent with the bioinformatics analysis results. Western blotting and immunohistochemical (IHC) showed that the expression of these four genes was significantly downregulated in the OA group, which is consistent with the qPCR results. Immune infiltration correlation analysis indicated that DDIT3 was negatively correlated with immature dendritic cells in OA, and FOS was positively correlated with eosinophils.ConclusionCDKN1A, DDIT3, MAP1LC3B, and MYC were identified as ARGs that were closely associated with immune infiltration in OA cartilage. Among them, DDIT3 showed a strong negative correlation with immature dendritic cells. This study found that the interaction between ARGs and immune cell infiltration may play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of OA; however, the specific interaction mechanism needs further research to be clarified. This study provides new insights to further understand the molecular mechanisms of immunity involved in the process of OA by autophagy.
Bacterial immunotherapy: is it a weapon in our arsenal in the fight against cancer?
Authors: Sharma Shubhra , Sharma Himani , Gogoi Himanshu 
Published: November 2023

Advances in understanding the genetic basis of cancer have driven alternative treatment approaches. Recent findings have demonstrated the potential of bacteria and it’s components to serve as robust theranostic agents for cancer eradication. Compared to traditional cancer therapies like surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, bacteria mediated tumor therapy has exhibited superior cancer suppressing property which is attributed a lot to it’s tumor proliferating and accumulating characteristics. Genetically modified bacteria has reduced inherent toxicity and enhanced specificity towards tumor microenvironment. This anti- tumor activity of bacteria is attributed to its toxins and other active components from the cell membrane, cell wall and spores. Furthermore, bacterial genes can be regulated to express and deliver cytokines, antibodies and cancer therapeutics. Although there is less clinical data available, the pre- clinical research clearly indicates the feasibility and potential of bacteria- mediated cancer therapy.