bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring mixed-mode fracture behavior and mechanical properties of selective laser sintered polyamide 12 components
Authors: Zehir Burçak , Seyedzavvar Mirsadegh , Boğa Cem 
Published: January 2024

Purpose
This study aims to comprehensively investigate the mixed-mode fracture behavior and mechanical properties of selective laser sintering (SLS) polyamide 12 (PA12) components, considering different build orientations and layer thicknesses. The primary objectives include the following. Conducting mixed-mode fracture and mechanical analyses on SLS PA12 parts. Investigating the influence of build orientation and layer thickness on the mechanical properties of SLS-printed components. Examining the fracture mechanisms of SLS-produced Arcan fracture and tensile specimens through experimental methods and finite element analyses.

Design/methodology/approach
The research used a combination of experimental techniques and numerical analyses. Tensile and Arcan fracture specimens were fabricated using the SLS process with varying build orientations (X, X–Y, Z) and layer thicknesses (0.1 mm, 0.2 mm). Mechanical properties, including tensile strength, modulus of elasticity and critical stress intensity factor, were quantified through experimental testing. Mixed-mode fracture tests were conducted using a specialized fixture, and finite element analyses using the J-integral method were performed to calculate fracture toughness. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used for detailed morphological analysis of fractured surfaces.

Findings
The investigation revealed that the highest tensile properties were achieved in samples fabricated horizontally in the X orientation with a layer thickness of 0.1 mm. Additionally, parts manufactured with a layer thickness of 0.2 mm exhibited favorable mixed-mode fracture behavior. The results emphasize the significance of build orientation and layer thickness in influencing mechanical properties and fracture behavior. SEM analysis provided valuable insights into the failure mechanisms of SLS-produced PA12 components.

Originality/value
This study contributes to the field of additive manufacturing by providing a comprehensive analysis of the mixed-mode fracture behavior and mechanical properties of SLS-produced PA12 components. The investigation offers novel insights into the influence of build orientation and layer thickness on the performance of such components. The combination of experimental testing, numerical analyses and SEM morphological observations enhances the understanding of fracture behavior in additive manufacturing processes. The findings contribute to optimizing the design and manufacturing of high-quality PA12 components using SLS technology.
Empagliflozin attenuates liver fibrosis in high‐fat diet/streptozotocin‐induced mice by modulating gut microbiota
Authors: Huang Chuxin , Qian Jiali , Liu Ying , Zhang Li , Yang Yehong 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe effects of SGLT2 inhibitors on hepatic fibrosis in diabetes remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effects of empagliflozin on liver fibrosis in high‐fat diet/streptozotocin‐induced mice and the correlation with gut microbiota. After the application of empagliflozin for 6 weeks, we performed oral glucose tolerance and intraperitoneal insulin tolerance tests to assess glucose tolerance and insulin resistance, and stained liver sections to evaluate histochemical and hepatic pathological markers of liver fibrosis. Moreover, 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing was performed on stool samples to explore changes in the composition of intestinal bacteria. We finally analysed the correlation between gut microbiome and liver fibrosis scores or indicators of glucose metabolism. The results showed that empagliflozin intervention improved glucose metabolism and liver function with reduced liver fibrosis, which might be related to changes in intestinal microbiota. In addition, the abundance of intestinal probiotic Lactobacillus increased, while Ruminococcus and Adlercreutzia decreased after empagliflozin treatment, and correlation analysis showed that the changes in microbiota were positively correlated with liver fibrosis and glucose metabolism. Overall, considering the contribution of the gut microbiota in metabolism, empagliflozin might have improved the beneficial balance of intestinal bacteria composition. The present study provides evidence and indicates the involvement of the gut–liver axis by SGLT2 inhibitors in T2DM with liver fibrosis.
Robotic‐assisted bronchoscopy for the diagnosis of peripheral pulmonary lesions: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Zhang Chunxi , Xie Fangfang , Li Runchang , Cui Ningxin , Herth Felix J. F. , Sun Jiayuan 
Published: January 2024

AbstractRobotic‐assisted bronchoscopy (RAB) is a newly developed bronchoscopic technique for the diagnosis of peripheral pulmonary lesions (PPLs). The objective of this meta‐analysis was to analyze the diagnostic yield and safety of RAB in patients with PPLs. Five databases (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, CENTRAL, and ClinicalTrials.gov) were searched from inception to April 2023. Two independent investigators screened retrieved articles, extracted data, and assessed the study quality. The pooled diagnostic yield and complication rate were estimated. Subgroup analysis was used to explore potential sources of heterogeneity. Publication bias was assessed using funnel plots and the Egger test. Sensitivity analysis was also conducted to assess the robustness of the synthesized results. A total of 725 lesions from 10 studies were included in this meta‐analysis. No publication bias was found. Overall, RAB had a pooled diagnostic yield of 80.4% (95% CI: 75.7%–85.1%). Lesion size of >30 mm, presence of a bronchus sign, and a concentric radial endobronchial ultrasound view were associated with a statistically significantly higher diagnostic yield. Heterogeneity exploration showed that studies using cryoprobes reported better yields than those without cryoprobes (90.0%, 95% CI: 83.2%–94.7% vs. 79.0%, 95% CI: 75.8%–82.2%, p < 0.01). The pooled complication rate was 3.0% (95% CI: 1.6%–4.4%). In conclusion, RAB is an effective and safe technique for PPLs diagnosis. Further high‐quality prospective studies still need to be conducted.
What to do after smoking relapse? A sequential multiple assignment randomized trial of chronic care smoking treatments
Authors: Schlam Tanya R. , Baker Timothy B. , Piper Megan E. , Cook Jessica W. , Smith Stevens S. , Zwaga Deejay , Jorenby Douglas E. , Almirall Daniel , Bolt Daniel M. , Collins Linda M. , Mermelstein Robin , Fiore Michael C. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAimTo compare effects of three post‐relapse interventions on smoking abstinence.DesignSequential three‐phase multiple assignment randomized trial (SMART).SettingEighteen Wisconsin, USA, primary care clinics.ParticipantsA total of 1154 primary care patients (53.6% women, 81.2% White) interested in quitting smoking enrolled from 2015 to 2019; 582 relapsed and were randomized to relapse recovery treatment.InterventionsIn phase 1, patients received cessation counseling and 8 weeks nicotine patch. Those who relapsed and agreed were randomized to a phase 2 relapse recovery group: (1) reduction counseling + nicotine mini‐lozenges + encouragement to quit starting 1 month post‐randomization (preparation); (2) repeated encouragement to quit starting immediately post‐randomization (recycling); or (3) advice to call the tobacco quitline (control). The first two groups could opt into phase 3 new quit treatment [8 weeks nicotine patch + mini‐lozenges plus randomization to two treatment factors (skill training and supportive counseling) in a 2 × 2 design]. Phase 2 and 3 interventions lasted ≤ 15 months.MeasurementsThe study was powered to compare each active phase 2 treatment with the control on the primary outcome: biochemically confirmed 7‐day point‐prevalence abstinence 14 months post initiating phase 2 relapse recovery treatment. Exploratory analyses tested for phase 3 counseling factor effects.FindingsNeither skill training nor supportive counseling (each on versus off) increased 14‐month abstinence rates; skills on versus off 9.3% (14/151) versus 5.2% (8/153), P = 0.19; support on versus off 6.6% (10/152) versus 7.9% (12/152), P = 0.73. Phase 2 preparation did not produce higher 14‐month abstinence rates than quitline referral; 3.6% (8/220) versus 2.1% [3/145; risk difference = 1.5%, 95% confidence interval (CI) = −1.8−5.0%, odds ratio (OR) = 1.8, 95% CI = 0.5–6.9]. Recycling, however, produced higher abstinence rates than quitline referral; 6.9% (15/217) versus 2.1% (three of 145; risk difference, 4.8%, 95% CI = 0.7–8.9%, OR = 3.5, 95% CI = 1.0–12.4). Recycling produced greater entry into new quit treatment than preparation: 83.4% (181/217) versus 55.9% (123/220), P < 0.0001.ConclusionsAmong people interested in quitting smoking, immediate encouragement post‐relapse to enter a new round of smoking cessation treatment (‘recycling’) produced higher probability of abstinence than tobacco quitline referral. Recycling produced higher rates of cessation treatment re‐engagement than did preparation/cutting down using more intensive counseling and pharmacotherapy.
Canine coat color E locus updates: Identification of a new MC1R variant causing ‘sable’ coat color in English Cocker Spaniels and a proposed update to the E locus dominance hierarchy
Authors: Honkanen Leena , Loechel Robert , Davison Stephen , Donner Jonas , Anderson Heidi 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe coat color phenotype ‘sable’ occurs in the English Cocker Spaniel dog breed. It closely resembles other canine color patterns known as domino/grizzle/pied (eA allele) and grizzle/domino (eG allele) determined by variants in the melanocortin 1 receptor gene (MC1R; ‘extension’ or E locus), a key multi‐allele regulator of coat color. We examined genetic variation in MC1R, and found one new non‐synonymous variant, c.250G>A (p.(Asp84Asn)), consistently associated with the English Cocker Spaniel ‘sable’ phenotype. We propose calling this newly identified allele eH and further show that the eA, eH and eG (previously known as EG) alleles associate with similar phenotypes in dogs impacting genotypes regulated by beta‐defensin 103 gene (CBD103; K locus) and agouti signaling protein gene (ASIP; A locus) in the absence of the EM and E alleles. This suggests that all three alleles are putative reduced‐function variants of the MC1R gene. We propose the revised and updated E locus dominance hierarchy to be EM > E > eA/eH/eG > e1–3.
Heterotrophy in marine animal forests in an era of climate change
Authors: Denis Vianney , Ferrier‐Pagès Christine , Schubert Nadine , Coppari Martina , Baker David M. , Camp Emma F. , Gori Andrea , Grottoli Andréa G. , Houlbrèque Fanny , Maier Sandra R. , Mancinelli Giorgio , Martinez Stephane , Yalçın Özdilek Şükran , Radice Veronica Z. , Ribes Marta , Richter Claudio , Viladrich Nuria , Rossi Sergio 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACTMarine animal forests (MAFs) are benthic ecosystems characterised by biogenic three‐dimensional structures formed by suspension feeders such as corals, gorgonians, sponges and bivalves. They comprise highly diversified communities among the most productive in the world's oceans. However, MAFs are in decline due to global and local stressors that threaten the survival and growth of their foundational species and associated biodiversity. Innovative and scalable interventions are needed to address the degradation of MAFs and increase their resilience under global change. Surprisingly, few studies have considered trophic interactions and heterotrophic feeding of MAF suspension feeders as an integral component of MAF conservation. Yet, trophic interactions are important for nutrient cycling, energy flow within the food web, biodiversity, carbon sequestration, and MAF stability. This comprehensive review describes trophic interactions at all levels of ecological organisation in tropical, temperate, and cold‐water MAFs. It examines the strengths and weaknesses of available tools for estimating the heterotrophic capacities of the foundational species in MAFs. It then discusses the threats that climate change poses to heterotrophic processes. Finally, it presents strategies for improving trophic interactions and heterotrophy, which can help to maintain the health and resilience of MAFs.
Uncertainty and instability in social and health services impact well‐being of mothers with lived and living history of substance use
Authors: Daari Laura , Nichol Emily , Peak Julia , Urbanoski Karen , Valeriote Hanna , Milligan Karen 
Published: January 2024

AbstractMothers who use substances often experience gender‐based and structural inequities that can jeopardize maternal and family wellness. Instability in the availability of services, particularly during public health crises (e.g., COVID‐19 pandemic), often results in changes in population health needs/funding/services, which may magnify experiences of disadvantage. Limited research has focused on times of change/crisis and its impact on maternal and family wellness. We examined the experiences of structural disadvantage, service access, and well‐being among mothers who use or formerly used substances during the first year of the COVID‐19 pandemic. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with 26 mothers with current or past engagement in outpatient substance use treatment programs for pregnant and parenting women in Ontario, Canada. Transcripts were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis, revealing that instability of services and decreased access to/quality of informal and formal relationships often magnified the mental and affective toll of stressors, both pre‐existing and new. The impact on well‐being appeared to be greater for families who were actively engaged with child protective services. Findings are discussed in relation to literature examining systemic and societal factors that perpetuate gender‐based and structural inequities experienced by mothers with lived and living histories of substance use. The potential impact of changes in public health service delivery requires thoughtful and proactive attention for and by all stakeholders, including integrated attention across systems (e.g., health, social, education) that provide services to support maternal and family well‐being.
The biodiversity adaptation gap: Management actions for marine protected areas in the face of climate change
Authors: Corelli Vincenzo , Boerder Kristina , Hunter Karen L. , Lavoie Isabelle , Tittensor Derek P. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractMarine protected areas (MPAs) are a crucial component of international biodiversity conservation commitments, yet are increasingly affected by climate change. No synthesis or analysis exists of the specific on‐the‐ground management actions that have been taken by MPA managers in response to climate change. Here, we extract, evaluate, classify, and analyze adaptation responses from 646 existing, English‐language MPA management plans preselected for their consideration of climate change. Our synthesis documents 213 unique management actions, of which only a fraction (4.7%) were on‐the‐ground adaptative measures directed at enhancing biodiversity conservation; in contrast, almost half (45.5%) were monitoring measures. Our analysis highlights the apparent paucity of documented management actions addressing the challenging task of limiting climate change impacts on biodiversity within MPAs—a “biodiversity adaptation gap”. By compiling a community resource of adaptation approaches that can be further expanded and disseminated, we hope to contribute to the effort to adapt MPA networks to climate change.
Whether to Abolish or Introduce Dual Regulation as Trade and Environmental Policy?
Authors: Hamaguchi Yoshihiro 
Published: January 2024

AbstractChina, which has already introduced an environmental tax in an effort to decarbonize, has recently begun emissions trading and is using two environmental policies in tandem, but there are concerns about the impact on growth and trade. Trade and environmental policies affect firms' entry and exit, resulting in changes in aggregate productivity and pollution emissions. This study compares the impacts of single regulation and dual regulation on welfare, using a research‐and‐development based growth model with heterogeneous firms. Under single regulation, the cleansing effect of trade liberalization could be undermined. Under dual regulation, trade liberalization decreases pollution and improves average productivity whereas decreasing total permits reduces pollution. From the perspective of improving welfare it is desirable to choose dual regulation because trade liberalization can reduce total pollution emissions via the cleansing effect of trade liberalization.
Sister‐city Ties and Chinese Outward Foreign Direct Investment: A Spatial Econometric Analysis
Authors: Huang Youxing , Dong Meixia , Zhao Yanping 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis paper employs dynamic spatial econometric methods to analyze the impact of the sister‐city relationship on Chinese outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) using a linked country‐level dataset from 2003 to 2016. The results show strong and robust evidence that the sister‐city relationship has been a crucial OFDI location determinant in host countries and their neighbors. Specifically, the sister‐city tie between China and the host country has stimulated Chinese OFDI in host countries. Moreover, Chinese OFDI in host countries would be reduced if China concluded sister‐city ties with their neighbors to which we refer as the neighboring effect. Further mechanism tests show that sister cities have promoted OFDI in host countries via four channels: reducing political risk, decreasing information asymmetry, narrowing institutional distance, and mitigating cultural differences. This tendency for sister‐city links to promote OFDI has varied substantially depending on OFDI entry modes (i.e., greenfield or cross‐border mergers and acquisitions), motivation (i.e., resource‐, market‐, technology‐, or efficiency‐oriented OFDI), and Sino–foreign geographical relationships (i.e., Belt and Road Initiative countries or other countries).
Does hedge fund managers’ industry experience matter for hedge fund activism?
Authors: Brick Ivan E. , Chen Yuzi , Kang Jun‐Koo , Kim Jin‐Mo 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWe study whether fund managers’ industry experience is an important source of value creation in hedge fund activism. We find that the targets of industry‐expert fund managers realize higher activism announcement returns and better operating performance, particularly when fund managers’ industry expertise is more valuable for targets. These targets also engage in more focused acquisition and divestiture activities in industries where fund managers have experience, allocate more employees to these industries, and cut investments more in the postacquisition period. The superior performance of targets of industry‐expert fund managers is robust to controlling for the endogeneity concern and the attrition bias.
Effects of fishing on the Serra Spanish Mackerel (Scomberomorus brasiliensis) in Northeast Brazil
Authors: Resende Amanda Graziele Araújo , Duponchelle Fabrice , Santana Francisco Marcante , Lessa Rosângela Paula 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe Spanish mackerel (Scomberomorus brasiliensis) is of high commercial value throughout its distribution. In Northeast Brazil, this important fishery resource has been under strong fishing pressure since the 1960s, with length composition changing between 1998–2001 and 2020–2022. Length frequency distributions, exploitation indicators, and gear selectivity indicated the effects of overfishing on stock size structure, with excessive withdrawal of spawners and reduced numbers of adults larger than 60 cm in catches. In addition, gear selectivity changed, with reduced size at first capture in the 40‐mm mesh. Our results indicated that the species is unsustainably exploited in the study area and suggested both growth and recruitment overfishing.
On the unique value of forests for water: Hydrologic impacts of forest disturbances, conversion, and restoration
Authors: Meli Paula , Ellison David , Ferraz Silvio F. de Barros , Filoso Solange , Brancalion Pedro H. S. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWe need empirical evidence on the impacts of land‐use change on hydrological processes to guide policies and land management decisions. Based on a global meta‐analysis of 287 primary studies covering 1049 data points in 58 countries and across 12 biomes, we review hydrologic process changes resulting from native forest disturbances and conversions to other land‐use types. Infiltration rates consistently fell over 50%, overland flow increased and evapotranspiration as a share of rainfall declined when native forests were disturbed or converted. Changes in total evapotranspiration, interception, and streamflow were less consistent in direction, while restored native forests returned infiltration function rates to pre‐conversion levels. Forests, and perhaps especially native forests, have a unique value in supporting and regulating hydrologic processes, as they can reduce erosion, improve water infiltration, and potentially enhance water supply, including in downwind locations. We thus underscore global calls for increasing the proportion of reforested areas with native species in landscape restoration planned for this decade.
Magnetostratigraphic dating of Early Miocene deep‐sea fossils from the Morozaki Group in central Japan
Authors: Hoshi Hiroyuki , Matsunaga Akari 
Published: January 2024

AbstractEarly Miocene sediments of the Morozaki Group in central Japan contain deep‐sea fossils that have been dated using biostratigraphic and radiometric data. In this study, we utilize magnetostratigraphy to provide a more precise age for mudstones from just below the layer containing the fossils. Rock magnetic experiments suggest that both magnetic iron sulfide and Ti‐poor titanomagnetite carry the remanent magnetization of the mudstones. Two different stratigraphic sites have normal polarity directions with a northeastern declination, which can be correlated with Chronozone C5Dn. Given their magnetostratigraphic position near the C5Dn/C5Dr chronozone boundary (17.466 Ma) and a high sedimentation rate, the estimated age for both the sites and the deep‐sea fossils is ~17.4 Ma. The northeasterly‐directed site‐mean directions suggest clockwise tectonic rotation, most likely due to the Early Miocene clockwise rotation of Southwest Japan associated with the back‐arc opening of the Japan Sea. The deep‐sea fossils, dated at ~17.4 Ma, represent organisms deposited within a submarine structural depression formed by crustal extension during the back‐arc opening stage.