bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detection of moving object by mobile stereo omnidirectional system (SOS)
Authors: Shimizu Sanae , Yamamoto Kazuhiko , Wang Caihau , Satoh Yutaka , Tanahashi Hideki , Niwa Yoshinori 
Published: June 2005

AbstractMoving object detection with a mobile image sensor is an important task in robotics and computer vision, when considering the practical use of robotics in human environments. In this paper, we propose a robust method that detects moving objects in the environment using the omnidirectional depth information obtained by a mobile Stereo Omnidirectional System (SOS). In order to detect only the moving objects within the depth image that are obtained by a sensor in motion, we first estimate the ego‐motion of the sensor, and generate a predicted depth image for the current time from the depth obtained at the previous time by only considering the ego‐motion of the sensor. Then the predicted depth image is compared with the actual one obtained at the current time, and the inconsistent regions are detected as moving objects. When the sensor moves, occlusions will occur in the scene and they will cause false detections. However, these false detections can be suppressed by estimating the occlusion regions using the ego‐motion parameters of the sensor and the jump edges in the depth image. The effectiveness of the method is shown with experimental results for a real environment. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 152(3): 29–38, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience. wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20155
Electrophoresis in gel channels
Authors: Hagedorn Rolf , Schnelle Thomas , Müller Torsten , Scholz Ingo , Lange Kristian , Reh Maila 
Published: June 2005

AbstractWe describe a novel approach to generate dynamic pH gradients suited to fractionate or purify samples of biomolecules or particles such as proteins and viruses in tiny volumes. The method combines diffusion and electromigration between micro‐scaled channels embedded in hydrogel. For the used geometry and in accordance with numerical calculations the gel‐channel system reaches a tuneable, steady‐state pH gradient after a few minutes. For quantification of experimentally generated pH‐profiles, the concentration independent extinction ratio of phenol red at two wavelengths is used. The proposed electrophoretic flow‐cell is simple and flexible since no Immobilines are required to establish the pH gradient.
Laser‐induced fluorescence detection schemes for the analysis of proteins and peptides using capillary electrophoresis
Authors: Lacroix Marlene , Poinsot Véréna , Fournier Clara , Couderc François 
Published: June 2005

AbstractOver the past few years, a large number of studies have been prepared that describe the analysis of peptides and proteins using capillary electrophoresis (CE) and laser‐induced fluorescence (LIF). These studies have focused on two general goals: (i) development of automatic, selective and quick separation and detection of mixtures of peptides or proteins; (ii) generation of new methods of quantitation for very low concentrations (nm and subnanomolar) of peptides. These two goals are attained with the use of covalent labelling reactions using a variety of dyes that can be readily excited by the radiation from a commonly available laser or via the use of noncovalent labelling (immunoassay using a labelled antibody or antigen or noncovalent dye interactions). In this review article, we summarize the works which were performed for protein and peptide analysis via CE‐LIF.
BRAF mutation detection and identification by cycling temperature capillary electrophoresis
Authors: Hinselwood David C. , Abrahamsen Torveig W. , Ekstrøm Per O. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractBRAF mutations are found in many human tumors, namely melanomas (∼70%) and colon carcinomas (∼15%). This paper presents a method for identification of exon 15 BRAF mutations by denaturant capillary electrophoresis (CE), an analysis method that is sensitive, cost‐effective (involving only polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and electrophoresis) and capable of high‐throughput screening. In total, we found 21 (70%) out of 30 melanoma cell lines with BRAF mutations in exon 15: two of which were the p.Val600Asp (c.1799–800TG≶AT) mutation, one cell line contained the p.Val600Arg (c.1798–99GT≶AG) mutation, and 18 cell lines contained the p.Val600Glu (c.1799T≶A) mutation. Of the nine cell lines that did not contain a BRAF mutation, five contained an NRAS mutation at exon 2, and no mutations were detected in NRAS exon 1. There was no overlap of NRAS and BRAF mutations in the same cell line. In addition, we looked at 221 colon biopsy samples and identified one further BRAF mutation, the p.Asp594Gly (c.1781A≶G) mutation, in seven samples. The p.Val600Glu mutation was identified in 11 of the colon biopsy samples. Using the four mutations of BRAF exon 15, we then constructed a denaturing CE standard capable of distinguishing between each of the mutations; therefore, sequencing does not need to be performed to confirm the mutation. In conclusion, this sensitive, cost‐effective mutation assay for BRAF (and RAS) will provide the opportunity to detect and determine mutations without the need to purify samples for sequencing. Future large‐scale studies will provide the clinical usefulness of such mutations.
Scanning the β‐globin gene for mutations in large populations by denaturing capillary and gel electrophoresis
Authors: Li‐Sucholeiki Xiao‐Cheng , Hu Gengxi , Perls Thomas , Tomita‐Mitchell Aoy , Thilly William G. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractSeparation of mutant from nonmutant DNA sequences of ˜100 bp may be accomplished by using defined denaturing conditions of chemical denaturant and/or elevated temperature during electrophoresis on either polyacrylamide slab gels (denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis, DGGE) or capillary gels (constant denaturant capillary electrophoresis, CDCE). In analysis of mutant directly from a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) product mixture, both have detection sensitivities of approximately 1%. CDCE that facilitates an intermediate mutant enrichment step permits detection of mutants at fractions as low as 2 × 10−6. Here we report the successful application of both approaches to scan for mutations of the human β‐globin gene (HBB) in two human population samples of approximately 5000 persons in the HBB. Using DGGE, the coding region and flanking intronic splice sites of HBB were scanned in a population of 4949 Han Chinese individuals in pool sizes of 48 individual DNA samples. Four point mutations ranging in mutant frequency from 0.5 to 0.0002 were identified. Using CDCE with a mutant enrichment step, these same sequences were scanned in a population of 5028, predominantly African‐American juveniles (<9 years) as a single pooled DNA sample. Three point mutations were identified ranging in mutant frequency from 0.13 to 0.0005. This study shows that both the DGGE/small pool and the CDCE/large pool approaches offer the means to define the fine structure map of genetic variation in large population samples, and with appropriately engineered facilities to provide high throughput, should be useful in pangenomic scans to discover genes carrying casual mutations for common diseases.
Hydrolytically stable, diaminocarboxylic acid‐based membranes buffering in the pH range from 6 to 8.5 for isoelectric trapping separations
Authors: Fleisher Helen C. , Vigh Gyula 
Published: June 2005

AbstractDiaminocarboxylic acid carrier ampholytes, such as L‐histidine, 2,3‐diaminopropionic acid, L‐ornithine, and L‐lysine, were reacted with glycerol‐1,3‐diglycidyl ether (GDGE) and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) in the presence of sodium hydroxide to produce hydrolytically and mechanically stable hydrogels, supported on a PVA substrate, for use as buffering membranes in isoelectric trapping (IET) separations. The pH values of the DACAPVA membranes were determined with the help of small‐molecule pI markers and proteins and were found to be in the 6 < pH < 8.5 range. The membranes were successfully used to isoelectrically trap small ampholytes, desalt ampholyte solutions in IET mode, and effect the binary separation of chicken egg white proteins.
A theoretical study on the structures and energetics of hypothetical TiM(NCN)3 compounds of the 3d transition metals
Authors: Launay Maxence , Dronskowski Richard 
Published: June 2005

AbstractQuasi‐ternary cyanamides and carbodiimides of general formula AB(NCN)3 with A ≠ B have neither been predicted nor synthesized. Thus, hypothetical compounds of that kind containing 3d transition metals were considered (A = Ti, B = Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu) by means of density‐functional calculations on 34 structural models, most of which were derived from chemically related phases. After performing structure optimizations based on the local‐density approximation, the relative energetic orderings are rationalized in terms of geometrical factors such as molar volumes and polyhedral connections. Total‐energy generalized‐gradient calculations evidence that the most stable models are enthalpically favored with respect to the elements. Even at ambient temperatures, the ternary phases are predicted as being thermodynamically stable in terms of their Gibbs free formation energies, especially if energetically competing and low‐lying binaries (TiC, TiN) can be excluded by a kinetic reaction control. The best models are characterized by low‐spin magnetic transition metals found in octahedral coordination, and the TiN6 and MN6 polyhedra either share faces or edges. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 26: 1180–1188, 2005
Isolation and characterization of a vitellogenesis‐inhibiting factor from sinus glands of the lobster, Homarus americanus
Authors: Soyez D. , Van Deijnen J. E. , Martin M. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractA vitellogenesis‐inhibiting (VI) factor has been characterized from extracts of lobster sinus glands (SG) using an in vivo bioassay developed in the shrimp, Palaemonetes varians. After a two‐step purification by reversedphase high‐performance liquid chromatography (RP‐HPLC), the bioactivity is recovered in one symmetrical peak. Sodium dodecyl sulfate‐urea‐polyacryl‐amide gel electrophoresis (SDS‐urea‐PAGE) of the bioactive fractions reveals, after silver staining, the presence of only one band corresponding to a 7—8 kD peptide.
Development of mitochondrion‐rich cells in the yolk‐sac membrane of embryos and larvae of tilapia, Oreochromis mossambicus, in fresh water and seawater
Authors: Ayson Felix G. , Kaneko Toyoji , Hasegawa Sanae , Hirano Tetsuya 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe development and changes in the activity of mitochondrion‐rich (MR) cells in the yolk‐sac membrane of tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) embryos and larvae were examined in relation to environmental salinity. Size and density of MR cells were monitored until complete yolk resorption in embryos and larvae spawned and hatched in fresh water (FW) and seawater (SW), and in larvae transferred from FW to SW or from SW to FW. MR cells were present in the yolk‐sac membrane of embryos 2 days after fertilization and were significantly larger in SW than in FW. In embryos and larvae maintained until complete yolk resorption in FW, the size of MR cells tended to decrease as the larvae grew older, whereas in those maintained in SW, the large size of MR cells was maintained. After direct transfer of newly hatched larvae from FW to SW, the size of MR cells markedly increased, and decreased when newly hatched larvae were transferred from SW to FW. MR cell density did not vary appreciably between larvae in FW and those in SW, and was not significantly affected by transfer of larvae from FW to SW or vice versa. Electron‐microscope examination of MR cells in the yolk‐sac membrane revealed the presence of numerous mitochondria, well‐developed tubular system and apical pits, indicating similarity with MR cells in branchial and opercular epithelia of adult fish. In tilapia embryos, in which the gills, gut, and kidney are not yet fully developed, MR cells in the yolk‐sac membrane are potentially important sites for ion exchange in SW. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Immunological detection of a vacuolar‐type H+‐ATPase in vanadocytes of the ascidian Ascidia sydneiensis samea
Authors: Uyama Taro , Moriyama Yoshinori , Futai Masamitsu , Michibata Hitoshi 
Published: June 2005

AbstractAscidians belonging to the family Ascidiidae are known to accumulate vanadium from seawater in their blood cells, concentrating vanadium by a factor of 107. Among several different types of blood cell, the signet ring cells have both high levels of vanadium and a low pH. These observations suggest the possibility that proton ions concentrated by a H+‐ATPase are energetically linked to the accumulation of vanadium. In the present experiments, therefore, we made an immunological search for a H+‐ATPase in the vacuolar membranes of the signet ring cells, as a first step in our attempts to clarify the energetics of the accumulation of vanadium by these cells. Antibodies raised against the 72‐kDa and 57‐kDa subunits of a vacuolar‐type H+‐ATPase from bovine chromaffin granules reacted with the vacuolar membranes of signet ring cells. Immunoblotting analysis confirmed that specific antigens in ascidian blood cells actually reacted with the antibodies. Furthermore, addition of bafilomycin A1, a specific inhibitor of vacuolar‐type H+‐ATPase, inhibited the uptake of protons by the vacuoles of signet ring cells. Thus, the addition of bafilomycin A1 inhibited the pumping function of the vacuoles of signet ring cells, with resultant neutralization of the contents of the vacuoles. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Complex tibial organs in the forelegs, midlegs, and hindlegs of the bushcricket Gampsocleis gratiosa (tettigoniidae): Comparison of the physiology of the organs
Authors: Kalmring Klaus , Rössler Wolfgang , Unrast Clemens 
Published: June 2005

AbstractComplex tibial organs are found in all three pairs of legs of tettigoniids and consist of the subgenual organ, the intermediate organ, and the crista acoustica. In the forelegs of most tettigoniids, the tibial organs in association with tympanic membrane, tracheal tube, and spiracle are highly developed sound transmitting structures (tympanal organs), but not so in the mid and hind pairs of legs (atympanal organs). We have studied the electrophysiology of the atympanal organs and in particular of the intermediate organ and the crista acoustica using extracellular recordings to obtain summed responses to vibratory and acoustic stimuli and single cell recordings from the different receptor cells.Significant differences in the responses of the receptor cells of the tympanal and atympanal organs were found predominantly in the case of sound stimulation. Whereas the crista acoustica and the distal part of the intermediate organ of the foreleg are very sensitive auditory receptor organs, the same organs in the mid‐and hindlegs appear to respond not at all or only unspecifically to airborne sound stimuli. By contrast, the responses to vibratory stimuli are similar if not identical. The functions of the subgenual organs in all six legs are basically identical, but the function of the middle and distal parts of the crista acoustica in the mid‐and hindlegs remains to be characterized.© 1994 wiley‐lines, Inc.
Effects of larval eyestalk extirpation on morphogenesis and molting in the snapping shrimp Alpheus heterochaelis say
Authors: Knowlton Robert E. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractZoea larvae of Alpheus heterochaelis were reared in isolation in the laboratory at selected temperature levels (17, 22, 25, and 27°C) and 32‰ salinity. One or both eyestalks were removed from some animals (experimentals), or antennae from others (operated controls), at various times during larval development. In all experiments virtually all unoperated animals (controls), operated controls, and zoeae lacking one eyestalk exhibited the same abbreviated pattern (three larval “stages” or instars) typical of this species. Ablation of both eyestalks during Stage II always produced an extra “Stage IV” zoea with postlarval features in the abdomen. These animals usually molted again without undergoing substantial structural changes. Ecdyses into the two supernumerary instars occurred significantly earlier than comparable ecdyses (to postlarva and juvenile) among all other experimentals and controls. Bilateral eyestalk removal a few hours before or after the molt to Stage III often generated forms ranging from precocious zoeae to postlarvae (megalopae) with some residual larval features. Some of these individuals subsequently molted into normal postlarvae and juveniles, as did all animals whose eyestalks were removed 12 or more hours into Stage III. Juveniles that developed from eyestalkless larvae were consistently darker (red) than stalked animals. These results suggest that the larval eyestalk contains a factor that promotes metamorphosis, a molt‐inhibiting hormone, and a chromatophorotropin. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Anterior pituitary and adrenal cortical hormones accelerate or inhibit tadpole hindlimb growth and development depending on stage of spontaneous development or thyroxine concentration in induced metamorphosis
Authors: Wright Mary L. , Cykowski Lori J. , Lundrigan Leanne , Hemond Karen L. , Kochan Dorothy M. , Faszewski Ellen E. , Anuszewski Colleen M. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe effect of prolactin, growth hormone, and various adrenal corticoids on hindlimb growth, development, and differentiation was studied in Rana pipiens larvae. Experiments were performed at different stages of spontaneous development and during metamorphosis induced in premetamorphic tadpoles by various concentrations of exogenous T4. Prolactin at 10 μg/day inhibited the limb at spontaneous premetamorphosis, had no effect at prometamorphosis or when administered with 3.8 nM T4, and synergized with T4, at 63 nM T4 and above. Growth hormone (10 or 20 μg/day) promoted limb growth and development during premetamorphosis but had no effect on spontaneous or induced metamorphosis thereafter, nor did it stimulate limb epidermal differentiation. The adrenal corticoids inhibited limb growth and epidermal cell proliferation during pre and prometamorphosis but had no effect on limb morphogenesis or differentiation. The depressive effect of corticoids during spontaneous metamorphosis is at least partly through thyroid inhibition since hydrocortisone significantly reduced follicle cell height, lumen diameter, and cell proliferation in the thyroid. During induced metamorphosis, steroids (0.29 μM), especially corticosterone and aldosterone, antagonized the effect of 0.38 to 1.2 nM T4 on the limb. All steroids except deoxycorticosterone synergized with 3.8 nM T4, and at 31 nM T4, approximating the climax level with permeability factors taken into account, all corticoids synergized with T4 to promote limb growth and development. Aldosterone antagonized T4 at a higher T4 level than the other corticoids. The effect of all steroids except corticosterone was also corticoid dose‐dependent. The results show the importance of the T4 concentration in interactions of T4 with other hormones and suggest a scheme for hormonal control of limb growth and morphogenesis during metamorphosis. During premetamorphosis growth hormone synergizes with low endogenous T4 to promote initial limb growth and development while prolactin opposes this action. During prometamorphosis, as growth hormone and prolactin become ineffective corticosteroids begin to synergize with the rising level of endogenous T4. At climax, prolactin also augments the action of T4 to bring about rapid hindlimb growth. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Uptake of 3H‐estradiol by embryonic crocodile gonads during the period of sexual differentiation
Authors: Smith Craig A. , Joss Jean M. P. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractEgg incubation temperature controls sexual differentiation of the gonads in the saltwater crocodile, Crocodylus porosus. Embryos incubated at 30°C develop ovaries and hatch as females while most embryos incubated at 32–32.5°C develop testes and hatch as males. Several lines of evidence suggest that estrogen is involved in gonadal sex differentiation in crocodilians and other reptiles with temperature‐dependent sex determination (TSD). In vivo autoradiography was used here to identify sites of 3H‐estradiol uptake in the urogenital tissues of C. porosus embryos incubated at 30°C (female‐producing) and at 32.5°C (predominantly male‐producing). During the period of gonadal differentiation (developmental stage 23), 3H‐estradiol was specifically concentrated in the gonads of presumptive females at 30°C and presumptive males at 32.5°C. Binding was localised primarily in the medulla of the gonad in both sexes, with little or no uptake in the cortex. No uptake was detected in the adjoining adrenal glands, at either temperature, although some uptake was observed in the mesonephros at the female temperature (30°C). No specific binding of estradiol by the gonads was found prior to (stage 19) or after (stage 28) the period of gonadal differentiation. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that estrogen binding sites are present in the gonads of both sexes during a specific period of embryogenesis, which coincides with the time of gonadal sex differentiation. Furthermore, these observations suggest that the role of estrogen in TSD is not mediated through differential uptake of the steroid by presumptive ovaries and testes. It is therefore hypothesised that estrogen synthesis is temperature‐sensitive, rather than estrogen binding by the gonad. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Bioluminescence of myctophid and stomiiform fishes is not due to bacterial luciferase
Authors: Haygood Margo G. , Edwards Deeanne B. , Mowlds Gabrielle , Rosenblatt Richard H. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractA recent report by D. Foran proposes that bioluminescence of myctophids and some stomiiform fishes is due to bacterial symbionts in their photophores, based on positive hybridization of bacterial luminescence (lux) gene probes to DNA from muscle and skin of myctophids and stomiiforms and in situ hybridization. Previous microscopic studies have not revealed the presence of bacteria in these fishes, and bioluminescence of myctophids has been attributed to a coelenterazine‐based system. We have investigated this finding by assay of bacterial luciferase and by lux hybridization to DNA from photophores and control samples in order to determine whether bacterial symbionts or bacterial lux genes are present in these fishes. Results of enzyme assays of photophores from six species of myctophids and two species of stomiiforms show bacterial luciferase activity ranging from 0 to 7 × 105 quanta sec−1 mg wet weight−1. The highest levels detected were 3–4 orders of magnitude less than the activity of luminous bacteria and symbiotic light organ extracts, and were less than or equal to the activity of gut homogenates, which were up to tenfold higher than the highest photophore activities. Hybridization with lux probes did not detect lux sequences in photophore DNA from three species of myctophids and three species of stomiiforms. We find no evidence that bacterial luciferase is the source of luminescence in myctophid and stomiiform light organs.