bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
NIR‐II cyanine@albumin fluorophore for deep tissue imaging and imaging‐guided surgery
Authors: Zhang Yuewei , Jia Yunlong , Zhu Shoujun 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe near‐infrared (NIR)‐II bioimaging technique is highly important for both diagnosing and treating life‐threatening diseases due to its exceptional imaging capabilities. However, the lack of suitable NIR‐II fluorescent probes has hindered their widespread clinical application. To address this issue, the binding of albumin to cyanine dyes has emerged as a practical and efficient method for developing high‐performance NIR‐II probes. Cyanine dyes can bind with exogenous and endogenous albumin through either covalent or noncovalent interactions, serving various purposes. The resulting cyanine@albumin (or albumin@cyanine) fluorophores offer significant advantages, including strong brightness, excellent photostability, good biosafety, and a long‐term, high‐resolution imaging window. Cyanine dye in situ binding with endogenous albumin can also enhance the targeting imaging capability. This review provides a summary of the interaction mechanism, performance enhancement, tumor‐targeting feature, and in vivo imaging applications of the cyanine@albumin fluorophores. These advancements not only highlight the unique characteristics of cyanine@albumin fluorophores in preclinical research but also emphasize their potential for clinical diagnosis.
Imaging‐Guided Antibacterial Based on Gold Nanocrystals and Assemblies
Authors: Chen Ling , Wu Ying , Zhang Wencheng , Shen Wenbin , Song Jibin 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBacterial infection becomes a severe threat to human life and health worldwide. Antibiotics with the ability to resist pathogenic bacteria are therefore widely used, but the misuse or abuse of antibiotics can generate multidrug‐resistant bacteria or resistant biofilms. Advanced antibacterial technologies are needed to counter the rapid emergence of drug‐resistant bacteria. With the excellent optical properties, engineerable surface chemistry, neglectable biotoxicity, gold nanocrystals are particularly attractive in biomedicine for cancer therapy and antibacterial therapy, as well as nanoprobes for bioimaging and disease diagnosis. In this perspective, gold nanocrystal‐based antibacterial performance and deep‐tissue imaging are summarized, including near‐infrared‐light excited photoacoustic imaging and fluorescence imaging through deep tissue infections. On the basis of integrating “imaging‐therapy‐targeting” in single nanotheranostic, the current challenges of imaging‐guided antibacterial and therapy based on gold nanocrystals are discussed, and some insights are provided into the gold nanocrystal‐based nanoplatform that integrates antibacterial activity and therapy. This perspective is expected to provide comprehensive guidance for diagnosing and combating bacterial infections based on gold nanostructures.
Bond of steel reinforcement based on detailed measurements: Results and interpretations
Authors: Corres Enrique , Muttoni Aurelio 
Published: October 2023

AbstractRebar‐to‐concrete bond is a fundamental aspect of the behavior of reinforced concrete structures. The characterization of the interface response is challenging due to the complexity of the physical phenomena and the large number of factors involved. Locally, the response is characterized by the bond–slip relationship, which is typically obtained experimentally from pull‐out tests with short bonded lengths. The behavior of longer anchorages in structural members differs significantly from short tests as the bond stress distribution is not uniform. In this context, this paper presents the results of a comprehensive research aiming to establish a better relationship between the local bond–slip response from short pull‐out tests and the response of medium‐length anchorages. The results of an experimental program are presented, including the effect of some parameters commonly found in structural applications, such as casting conditions, clear cover, rib geometry, and rib orientation. A local bond–slip relationship for well‐confined conditions is proposed on the basis of the tests performed by the authors and on the examination of a database on short pull‐out tests from the literature. Based on this relationship and some mechanical considerations, the local bond–slip relationship for unconfined conditions can satisfactorily be formulated based on crack‐width measurements from the concrete surface. This can be useful for the assessment of existing structures and can be seen as a step forward in the development of a consistent mechanical model for bond.
A comprehensive review on sewage sludge as sustainable feedstock for bioenergy production
Authors: Gizaw Desta Getachew , Periyasamy Selvakumar , Redda Zinnabu Tassew , John Beula Isabel , Baylie Mengstie Hunegnaw , Asaithambi Perumal 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe greatly rising amounts of sewage sludge from different sources are causing severe concerns around the globe. Disposal of sewage sludge is exceptionally difficult and poses serious environmental problems due to the significant quantity of toxic heavy metals and organic contaminants in its constituents. This review provides an overview of different conversion methods of sewage sludge into energy, that is, pyrolysis, hydrothermal gasification, hydrothermal liquefaction, hydrothermal carbonization, anaerobic digestion, and transesterification. It also focuses on each conversion route's state‐of‐the‐art research advances, features, and drawbacks to ensure financial and ecological responsibility. The detailed descriptions of the methods and respective energy generation could help scholars and industrialists produce energy from sewage sludge to keep the environment harmless.
Canine elbow realignment osteotomy for treatment of axial humeroradial or humeroulnar incongruency in four dogs
Authors: Jaworski Janek , Burton Neil J 
Published: October 2023

AbstractCanine elbow incongruity is a condition that may be associated with the development of dysplastic lesions of the elbow; namely, medial coronoid process disease, osteochondrosis of the humeral condyle and ununited anconeal process. Axial elbow incongruity (either short radius or short ulna syndrome) may predispose to the development of elbow osteoarthritis. Surgical correction of incongruity has previously been described in an effort to improve lameness and mitigate progression of osteoarthritis, although a system by which to achieve measured and precise adjustment of congruity of both the radius and ulna has been lacking. This case series describes use of a novel acute correction surgery, canine elbow realignment osteotomy for correction of axial elbow incongruency in four dogs.
A continuum active structure model for the interaction of cilia with a viscous fluid
Authors: Decoene Astrid , Martin Sébastien , Vergnet Fabien 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis paper presents a model for a thin active structure interacting with a viscous fluid, as well as a discretization and numerical simulations of the arising fluid‐structure interaction problem. The developed model allows to reproduce the behavior of cilia or flagella immersed in a viscous flow. In the context of linear or nonlinear elasticity, the model is based upon the definition of a suitable internal Piola‐Kirchoff tensor mimicking the action of the internal dyneins that induce the motility of the structure. In the subsequent fluid‐structure interaction problem, two difficulties arise and are discussed: on the one hand the internal activity of the structure leads to more restrictive well‐posedness conditions and, on the other hand, the coupling conditions between the fluid and the structure require a specific numerical treatment. A weak formulation of the time‐discretized problem is derived in functional spaces that include the coupling conditions, but for numerical purposes, an equivalent formulation using Lagrange multipliers is introduced in order to get rid of the constraints in the functional spaces. This new formulation allows for the use of standard (fluid and structure) solvers, up to an iterative procedure. Numerical simulations are presented, including the beating of one or two cilia in 2d, discussing the competition between the magnitude of the internal activity and the viscosity of the surrounding fluid.
Examining Contradictions for the Development of Competencies in School Leadership
Authors: Lantela Lauri , Pietiläinen Ville , Korva Saana 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis study examined the challenges school principals face at work, and their support needs for professional development. The study drew on cultural-historical activity theory (CHAT) and approached as contradictions principals’ work, the schools in which they operate as activity systems and the challenges they face. The research data consists of three data sets collected from principals: data from a quantitative survey (n = 47), data from workshops for principals (n = 8) and data from individual interviews (n = 5). Three main contradictions were formed from the data and named as (1) inadequate tools in relation to the object of activity, (2) hierarchical structure and tradition of schools and (3) fragmentation of the subject. The results reveal that the work of the principal and the organizational environment are increasingly complex—principals must solve unique problems that are new both to them and in society. The results point towards a shift in problem-solving and learning from an individual perspective towards the communal and inter-organizational view. A CHAT framework can be used as a tool in the development of these collaborative structures, practices and culture.
Cultural Antecedents in Multisectoral Collaboration Promoting the Well-Being of School-Aged Children
Authors: Nurmi Henna , Leinonen Jaana , Örn Malla , Ylitapio-Mäntylä Outi 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis study focuses on the antecedents of collaborative culture in multisectoral collaboration promoting school-aged children’s well-being in Finnish municipalities. The purpose of this study is to understand the role of cultural conditions in collaboration by examining the ‘voices’ of principals and heads of local educational departments in local collaborative structures and practices. This work is an interpretive qualitative study, and the empirical data consist of 20 thematic interviews collected from principals and heads of local educational departments. The data were analysed using a qualitative content analysis method. The findings show that legislative, strategic, structural and physical frameworks create visible frames and artefacts that enhance collaborative culture. At the level of espoused beliefs and values, the systematic methods of collaboration and the development of collaborative practices support collaboration, whereas the discontinuity of collaborative practices limits it. At the level of basic assumptions, multisectoral collaboration can be strengthened through shared values, recognising the importance of principals’ and heads of local educational departments’ role as constructors of collaborative culture, understanding of well-being promotion as a common task, knowledge about other sectors, shared understanding of needs associated with well-being promotion and familiarity with other sectors. Multisectoral collaboration can also be supported through workable group dynamics, respect, trust in collaborators and personal positive attitudes, willingness to collaborate and collaborative skills. Old traditions usually hinder collaboration.
The Production of Space in the Frontiers of Tourism: Critical Analysis of the Huella de Glaciares Circuit Between El Chaltén, Argentina, and Villa O’Higgins, Chile
Authors: Schweitzer Alejandro F. , Ponzi Brenda Sofía , Picone Sabrina Elizabeth 
Published: October 2023

AbstractNature-based tourism (NBT) has been positioned as being aligned with conservation objectives and capable of contributing to social and ecological sustainability in contemporary contexts of socio-ecological crisis and global change. Nevertheless, some have characterized this strategy as a capitalist accumulation circuit, a form of commodification and production of nature. In southern Patagonia, NBT exploits roads, trails, and protected areas as tourism resources. This chapter focuses on the production of frontier spaces in south Patagonia through an analysis of cross-border NBT strategies. We present an intrinsic case study of the Huella de Glaciares (Trail of the Glaciers) NBT product, situated in the Santa Cruz Province of Argentina, and the Aysén Region of Chile. Through interviews, participant observation, field visits, and documentary analysis, we identify that the Huella de Glaciares, along with other tourism routes that connect with the larger Patagonia territory, respond to renewed cross-border processes. We observed that the Huella de Glaciares NBT circuit was being advanced and promoted by the governments of both countries and by private tourism agents between Villa O’Higgins and El Chaltén, without adequate consideration of the project’s sustainability in this area of Patagonia.
Values, Conflicts, and Narratives of Private Protected Areas: The Case of Tompkins Conservation in Chilean Patagonia and Argentina
Authors: Serenari Christopher , Bachmann-Vargas Pamela 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThere are many ways to approach an understanding of nature conservationvalues and narratives. This chapter employs a case study to focus on one of the most important contemporary nature conservation initiatives, because of its global coverage and impact. We trace the formation of narratives developed by researchers, conservation entities, politicians, and other actors who have given meaning to Douglas and Kristine Tompkins effort to create privately protected areas (PAs) in ChileanPatagonia and Argentina. We reviewed academic and popular press texts to construct and interpret stories and their evolution throughout the processes of land acquisition and PA development, management, integration, and donation. Findings reveal connections, tensions, and contradictions produced by the broader Tompkins project and different approaches by the more critical academicians than the upbeat and colorful popular press. In this chapter, we demonstrate how narratives can be a useful tool to analyze value and ideological conflicts about private protected areas (PPAs) in Chile and Argentina. Narratives are also helpful to determine how humans do and will use stories to advance PPAs to achieve global biodiversity conservation goals, such as the 30 × 30 initiative, or problematize their existence.
Light-quark Yukawa couplings from off-shell Higgs production
Authors: Balzani Elisa , Gröber Ramona , Vitti Marco 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Yukawa couplings of the first quark generation are notoriously difficult to constrain due to their small values within the Standard Model. Here we propose Higgs off-shell production, with the Higgs boson decaying to four leptons, as a probe of the up- and down-quark Yukawa couplings. Using kinematic discriminants similar to the ones employed in the Higgs width measurements we find that the down (up) Yukawa coupling can be constrained to a factor of 156 (260) times its Standard Model value at the high-luminosity LHC assuming only experimental systematic uncertainties. Off-shell Higgs production hence provides better sensitivity to the first-generation quark Yukawa couplings with respect to other probes such as Higgs+jet or Higgs pair production.
Coarse graining pure states in AdS/CFT
Authors: Chandra Jeevan , Hartman Thomas 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
We construct new Euclidean wormhole solutions in AdSd+1 and discuss their role in UV-complete theories, without ensemble averaging. The geometries are interpreted as overlaps of GHZ-like entangled states, which arise naturally from coarse graining the density matrix of a pure state in the dual CFT. In several examples, including thin-shell collapsing black holes and pure black holes with an end-of-the-world brane behind the horizon, the coarse-graining map is found explicitly in CFT terms, and used to define a coarse-grained entropy that is equal to one quarter the area of a time-symmetric apparent horizon. Wormholes are used to derive the coarse-graining map and to study statistical properties of the quantum state. This reproduces aspects of the West Coast model of 2D gravity and the large-c ensemble of 3D gravity, including a Page curve, in a higher-dimensional context with generic matter fields.
Poincaré generators at second post-Minkowskian order
Authors: Lee Hojin , Lee Kanghoon , Lee Sangmin 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
We verify the global Poincaré invariance of the Hamiltonian mechanics of gravitating binary dynamics at the second post Minkowskian (2PM) order. For spinless point particles, based on the known 2PM Hamiltonian in the center of momentum frame, we compute the general 2PM Hamiltonian valid in an arbitrary reference frame. An off-shell extension of the 1PM Hamiltonian, which contributes at the 2PM order through an iteration process, plays a crucial role. We then construct the 2PM boost generator that uniquely satisfies all the conditions imposed by the Poincaré algebra.
Diagnostische Leistungsfähigkeit von zwei Antigentests im Vergleich zu einem PCR-Test zum Nachweis von SARS-CoV-2 in einer Notaufnahme und im Rettungsdienst
Authors: Kinne Veit , Ehrenberg Sandra , Baier Michael , Lang Sebastian , Lewejohann Jan-Christoph , Kipp Frank 
Published: October 2023

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
In der deutschen Krankenhauslandschaft sowie Notfallversorgung stellte die COVID-19-Pandemie eine Belastungsprobe dar. Die notfallmedizinische Gesundheitsversorgung wird in Deutschland durch die Versorgungskette zwischen prähospitaler Notfallrettung und klinischer Notfallversorgung in den Notaufnahmen sichergestellt. In Krankenhäusern und in der Notfallversorgung wird ein schneller, einfacher, genauer und kostengünstiger Test benötigt, um SARS-CoV‑2 zu identifizieren. In der zentralen Notaufnahme (ZNA) ist es wichtig, Patienten/Patientinnen mit COVID-19-Verdacht strikt von nichtinfizierten Notfallpersonen zu trennen.

Methode
Es wurde die Leistungsfähigkeit von Antigentests in dem Rettungsdienst der Stadt Jena und in einer zentralen Notaufnahme des Universitätsklinikums Jena untersucht und mit dem RT-PCR-Goldstandard überprüft. Hierzu wurden multiple Testungen sowohl im Rettungswagen als auch in der Notaufnahme mittels Antigentests und RT-PCR-Tests durchgeführt. Insgesamt wurden 980 Patienten/Patientinnen in einem Zeitraum von 2 Monaten (Oktober und November 2022) in die Untersuchung eingeschlossen.

Ergebnisse
Das Durchschnittsalter aller Patienten/Patientinnen lag bei 65 Jahren. Über die Hälfte der behandelten Patienten/Patientinnen kamen aus der Stadt Jena. Die Sensitivität und Spezifität der Antigentests lagen im klinischen Setting (in der Notaufnahme) bei 66,7 % resp. 99,2 % und im prähospitalen Setting (im Rettungsdienst) bei 68,8 % resp. 96,7 % im Vergleich zur RT-PCR. Im prähospitalen Setting lag die Sensitivität der Antigentests mit 2 % etwas höher als die klinische Antigentestung. Bei der Paralleltestung hatten 6 % der Antigentests ein falsch-negatives SARS-CoV-2-Antigentestergebnis im Rettungsdienst und 4,6 % der Antigentests ein falsch-negatives SARS-CoV-2-Antigentestergebnis in der ZNA. Die falsch-negativen Antigentests und somit die potenziell nicht erkannten Personen wurden durch die Betrachtung des Ct-Werts weiter abgeschätzt.

Schlussfolgerung
Durch die Verwendung von Antigentests im Rettungsdienst und in der Notaufnahme kann eine zügigere Disposition in den COVID und Non-COVID-Bereich einer Notaufnahme erfolgen. Die Messgenauigkeit der Antigentests im Rettungsdienst und in der ZNA entspricht nicht der der RT-PCR. Dennoch ist der Antigentest ein nützliches Erstscreeninginstrument für die Früherkennung von SARS-CoV‑2 im prähospitalen und im klinischen Bereich. Eine zweifache Antigentestung kann für eine akkuratere Diagnostik des SARS-CoV-2-Erregers sinnvoll sein.
Institutionalised distrust and human oversight of artificial intelligence: towards a democratic design of AI governance under the European Union AI Act
Authors: Laux Johann 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Human oversight has become a key mechanism for the governance of artificial intelligence (“AI”). Human overseers are supposed to increase the accuracy and safety of AI systems, uphold human values, and build trust in the technology. Empirical research suggests, however, that humans are not reliable in fulfilling their oversight tasks. They may be lacking in competence or be harmfully incentivised. This creates a challenge for human oversight to be effective. In addressing this challenge, this article aims to make three contributions. First, it surveys the emerging laws of oversight, most importantly the European Union’s Artificial Intelligence Act (“AIA”). It will be shown that while the AIA is concerned with the competence of human overseers, it does not provide much guidance on how to achieve effective oversight and leaves oversight obligations for AI developers underdefined. Second, this article presents a novel taxonomy of human oversight roles, differentiated along whether human intervention is constitutive to, or corrective of a decision made or supported by an AI. The taxonomy allows to propose suggestions for improving effectiveness tailored to the type of oversight in question. Third, drawing on scholarship within democratic theory, this article formulates six normative principles which institutionalise distrust in human oversight of AI. The institutionalisation of distrust has historically been practised in democratic governance. Applied for the first time to AI governance, the principles anticipate the fallibility of human overseers and seek to mitigate them at the level of institutional design. They aim to directly increase the trustworthiness of human oversight and to indirectly inspire well-placed trust in AI governance.
The Effect of Effervescent and Buffered Alendronate Compared to Conventional Alendronate on Markers of Bone Turnover: A Randomized Non-inferiority Trial
Authors: Hikmet Rawan , Harsløf Torben , Langdahl Bente Lomholt 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBuffered and effervescent alendronate (ALN-EFF) increases gastric pH and is reported to decrease the risk of gastrointestinal side effects compared to conventional formulations of alendronate (ALN). The clinical effectiveness of ALN-EFF, however, has not been investigated. This study aims to investigate if ALN-EFF is non-inferior to ALN in suppressing bone turnover markers (BTM). We conducted a 16-week prospective, randomized, open-label study comprising 64 postmenopausal women with BMD T-score < −1 naïve to osteoporosis treatment. Participants were randomized 1:1 to ALN or ALN-EFF. We collected blood samples at 0, 4, 8, and 16 weeks. Non-inferiority margin was determined as 12% (80% of efficacy retained), and an SD of 15% on change in CTx. CTx decreased by 58.2% ± 24.1% in the ALN group and by 46.9% ± 23.3% (CI − 38.42:− 55.35) in the ALN-EFF group (p = 0.08). The non-inferiority limit was 46.6%. With ALN-EFF the CI crosses the non-inferiority limit thus the test for non-inferiority was indeterminate. PINP decreased by 45.7 ± 22.6% in the ALN group and by 35.1 ± 20.7% in the ALN-EFF group (p = 0.07). Changes over time in the BTMs were not significantly different between the groups, p > 0.10 for both CTx and PINP. There was no difference in frequency of AEs or compliance between the two groups, but rate of discontinuation was lower with ALN-EFF. In conclusion, suppression of BTMs was not significantly different between the groups but formal non-inferiority could not be established.