bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polarized monocyte response to cytokine stimulation
Authors: Nagorsen Dirk , Deola Sara , Smith Kina , Wang Ena , Monsurro Vladia , Zanovello Paola , Marincola Francesco M , Panelli Monica C 
Published: January 2005

Abstract
Background
Mononuclear phagocytes (MPs) stand at the crossroads between the induction of acute inflammation to recruit and activate immune effector cells and the downmodulation of the inflammatory process to contain collateral damage. This decision is extensively modulated by the cytokine microenvironment, which includes a broad array of cytokines whose direct effect on MPs remains largely unexplored. Therefore, we tested whether polarized responses of MPs to pathogens are related to the influence of selected cytokines or represent a mandatory molecular switch through which most cytokines operate.

Results
Circulating CD14+ MPs were exposed to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) followed by exposure to an array of cytokines, chemokines and soluble factors involved in the immune response. Gene expression was studied by global transcript analysis. Two main classes of cytokines were identified that induced a classical or an alternative pathway of MP activation. Expression of genes affected by NFκB activation was most predictive of the two main classes, suggesting that this pathway is a fundamental target of cytokine regulation. As LPS itself induces a classical type of activation, the most dramatic modulation was observed toward the alternative pathway, suggesting that a broad array of cytokines may counteract the pro-inflammatory effects of bacterial components.

Conclusions
This analysis is directly informative of the primary effect of individual cytokines on the early stages of LPS stimulation and, therefore, may be most informative of the way MP maturation may be polarized at the early stages of the immune response.
Endogenous Estrogens Inhibit Mouse Fetal Leydig Cell Development via Estrogen Receptor α
Authors: Delbès Géraldine , Levacher Christine , Duquenne Clotilde , Racine Chrystèle , Pakarinen Pirjo , Habert René 
Published: January 2005

AbstractIt is now accepted that estrogens play a role in male fertility and that exposure to exogenous estrogens during fetal/neonatal life can lead to reproductive disorders in the male. However, the estrogen receptor (ER)-mediated processes involved in the regulation of male reproduction during fetal and neonatal development are still largely unclear. We previously reported that ERβ deficiency affects gametogenesis in mice but changes neither the number nor the differentiated functions of fetal Leydig cells. We show here that ERα-deficient mice (ERα−/−) display higher levels of testicular testosterone secretion than wild-type mice from fetal d 13.5 onwards. This results from higher levels of steroidogenic activity per fetal Leydig cell, as indicated by the hypertrophy of these cells and the higher levels of mRNA for StAR, P450c17 and P450scc in the testis, for a similar number of Leydig cells. Because LH is not produced on fetal d 13.5 and because no change in plasma LH concentration was observed in 2-d-old ERα-deficient mice, LH is probably not involved in the effects of estrogens on testicular steroidogenesis in fetal and early neonatal Leydig cells. Furthermore, inactivation of ERβ did not change the effect of ERα inactivation on steroidogenesis. Lastly, in an organ culture system, 1 μm diethylstilbestrol decreased the testosterone secretion of wild-type fetal and neonatal testes but not of ERα−/− testes. Thus, this study shows that endogenous estrogens physiologically inhibit steroidogenesis via ERα by acting directly on the testis early in fetal and neonatal development.
Development of Anisotropic Thermo-sensitive Hairy Particles Using Living Radical Graft Polymerization
Authors: Suzuki Daisuke , Tsuji Sakiko , Kawaguchi Haruma 
Published: January 2005

Abstract
Temperature-responsive anisotropic particles were developed. Au was sputtered onto one side of the particle and, thermo-sensirive polymer was grafted from the other side. Obtained particles were characterized by dynamic light scattering, electrophoresis, and electron microscopy. These particles showed thermo-sensitive behavior when they dispersed in water. They also showed anisotropic adsorption onto the substrate, and the particles were self-assembled into particle chains.
Nanodimensional Microreactor-encapsulation of 18-Membered Decaaza Macrocycle Copper(II) Complexes
Authors: Salavati-Niasari Masoud 
Published: January 2005

Abstract
Copper(II) complexes of 18-membered decaaza macrocyclic ligands “1,10-dialkyl-5,6,14,15-tetramethyl-1,3,4,7,8,10,12,13,16,17-decaazacyclooctadecane” [Cu(R2 Me4 [18] ane N10)](ClO4)2 (R = H, Me, Et, Pr, Bu, Benzyl), have been prepared from the one-pot template condensation reaction of formaldehyde, 2,3-butanedihydrazone with alkyl and benzyl amine in the presence of copper(II) ion within the nanodimensional pores of zeolite Y.
Selective Allylation of Arenethiols Using Water-soluble Palladium Complex Catalyst in Recyclable Water/Hexane Biphasic Media
Authors: Komine Nobuyuki , Sako Akari , Hirahara Shin-ya , Hirano Masafumi , Komiya Sanshiro 
Published: January 2005

Abstract
Allylation of arenethiols by allylic alcohol with sterically hindered carbon of the allylic moiety is smoothly catalyzed by Pd(OAc)2/TPPTS in biphasic water/hexane media under ambient conditions. The catalyst water layer can be repeatedly reused without catalytic activity loss.
Two Characteristic H-bonded O–H Stretching Bands for the Compounds Containing Ether Oxygen and Hydroxyl Oxygen
Authors: Ohno Keiichi , Takao Hiroshi , Masuda Takashi , Katsumoto Yukiteru 
Published: January 2005

Abstract
The two characteristic H-bonded OH stretching bands of α-monoalkyl-ω-hydroxyorigo(oxyethylene)s, (CnEm), have been observed at about 3460 and 3330 cm−1 in the liquid state; the former is due to the localized OH···O hydrogen bonds and the latter, the OH···OH···O hydrogen bonds of chain structures. The two bands were applied to the investigation of the phase transition process from the liquid to the solid for C12E3.
Synthesis of Whisker-like Boron Nitride by a Diamine Thermal Method
Authors: Cai Peijun , Yang Zeheng , Chen Luyang , Shi Liang , Zhao Aiwu , Gu Yunle , Qian Yitai 
Published: January 2005

Abstract
In this paper we described the synthesis of nanocrystalline boron nitride (BN) with whisker-like morphology by the reaction of boron and diamine hydrate at 550 °C for 10 h. Characterizing by XRD, FTIR, XPS, TEM, the composition and morphology of the product were confirmed.
A Novel Ru(II)–DMSO Complex Having Non-coordinating 1-Naphthoylamide Arm: Effects of Intramolecular Hydrogen Bonding on Redox Potential of the Ruthenium Center
Authors: Kojima Takahiko , Matsuda Yoshihisa 
Published: January 2005

Abstract
A Ru(II)–chloro-dimethylsulfoxide complex having tris(2-pyridylmethyl)amine with 1-naphthoylamide arm at the 6-position of one pyridyl moiety was synthesized and characterized by X-ray crystallography, spectroscopic methods, and cyclic voltammetry.
The outcome of oropharyngeal gonorrhoea treatment with different regimens
Authors: Manavi K , Young H , McMillan A 
Published: January 2005

Little is known of the efficacy of different antibiotics for the treatment of oropharyngeal gonorrhoea in routine clinical practice. The aim of the study was to investigate the treatment outcome of oropharyngeal gonorrhoea with different antibiotics. Case-notes of culturally proven oropharyngeal gonorrhoea diagnosed between January 1998 and January 2003 were reviewed for the antibiotic of choice and the result of test-of–cure (TOC) seven and 14 days after treatment. Of 117 episodes of pharyngeal gonorrhoea, 77 episodes (66%) were followed up with one TOC and 25 (21%) had two TOC. Treatment failure was recorded in 10% (8/77) of episodes: the failure rate was 28% (4/14) in patients treated with amoxicillin 3 g/probenecid 1 g stat and 11% (4/35) in those treated with ciprofloxacin 500 mg stat. The failure rate in treating pharyngeal gonorrhoea supports the need for a pharyngeal TOC culture as part of routine follow-up for patients infected at this site. As only 66% of patients had a TOC culture, efforts should be made to increase the number of patients having a TOC.
Audit of the management of victims of sexual assault in a city centre genitourinary medicine clinic
Authors: Thompson C 
Published: January 2005

A total of 113 individuals (101 women, 12 men) who had experienced sexual assault (SA) attended the genitourinary medicine clinic. Of the 60 patients who were seen at a dedicated clinic for victims of SA, the median age was lower, a greater number had reported to the police and the interval between assault and attendance was shorter, compared with the 53 who attended the routine walk-in service. However, the majority of the men attended routine clinics. Drug-facilitated rape was reported in 20%, excess alcohol in 10% and the use of violence in 20% cases. Overall, the prevalence of sexually transmitted infections was the same as the total clinic population.
Poor Agreement among Prothrombin Time International Normalized Ratio Methods: Comparison of Seven Commercial Reagents
Authors: Horsti Juha , Uppa Helena , Vilpo Juhani A 
Published: January 2005

Abstract
Background: Prothrombin time (PT) has long been the most popular test for monitoring oral anticoagulation therapy. The International Normalized Ratio (INR) was introduced to overcome the problem of marked variation in PT results among laboratories and the various recommendations for patient care. According to this principle, all reagents should be calibrated to give identical results and the same patient care globally. This is necessary for monitoring of single patients and for application of the results of anticoagulation trials and guidelines to clinical practice.
Methods: We took blood samples from 150 patients for whom oral anticoagulation had been prescribed. Plasmas were separated and PTs determined by use of seven commercial reagents and four calibrator sets. The differences in results were assessed by plotting, for each possible pair of methods, the differences in INR values for each sample against the mean INR value (Bland-Altman difference plots).
Results: Mean results differed significantly (P &lt;0.001) for 17 of 21 possible paired comparisons of methods. Only two pairs of methods produced very similar results when assessed for problems of substantial differences in INR values; a significant, systematic increase in the difference with INR; and a significant systematic increase in the variation in difference with increasing INR values.
Conclusions: The agreement among several (and perhaps most) commercial INR methods is poor. The failure of current calibration strategies may severely compromise both the monitoring of individual patients and the application of oral anticoagulation guidelines and trial results to clinical practice.
Glucagon-like peptide-1: a major regulator of pancreatic beta-cell function
Authors: Perfetti R , Merkel P 
Published: January 2005

Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is a gut hormone synthesized by post-translational processing in intestinal L-cells, and it is released in response to food ingestion. GLP-1 stimulates insulin secretion during hyperglycemia, suppresses glucagon secretion, stimulates (pro)-insulin biosynthesis and decreases the rate of gastric emptying and acid secretion. GLP-1 has also been shown to have a pro-satiety effect. In addition, it has been demonstrated that a long-term infusion with GLP-1, or exendin-4, a long-acting analog of human GLP-1, increases beta-cell mass in rats. In conclusion, GLP-1 appears to regulate plasma glucose levels via various and independent mechanisms. GLP-1 is an excellent candidate option for the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Positive effect of radiotherapy and surgery on hormonally active pulmonary metastases of primary parathyroid carcinoma
Authors: Rasmuson T , Kristoffersson A , Boquist L 
Published: January 2005

Abstract

Objective
Parathyroid carcinoma is a rare cause of primary hyperparathyroidism. Surgery is the primary treatment in recurrent or metastatic disease. Radiotherapy has been used as an adjuvant to control subclinical local disease but is otherwise considered ineffective.

Design
We report on a patient with parathyroid carcinoma with hypercalcaemia and pulmonary metastases, treated with pamidronate and radiotherapy and later with surgery.

Methods
The treatment was evaluated using serial analysis of serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) and calcium, clinical evaluation and chest radiographs.

Results
Intravenous pamidronate alone had limited effect on hypercalcaemia. Following irradiation of the pulmonary lesions (34 Gy in ten fractions), serum levels of calcium and PTH decreased and pamidronate could be discontinued. The patient's general condition improved parallel to a radiological response. At clinical relapse 18 months following radiotherapy, the pulmonary metastases were resected and serum PTH was normalised.

Conclusions
The results indicate that parathyroid carcinoma can be radiosensitive. Thus radiotherapy may be an alternative to palliate symptoms of hypercalcaemia in patients not suited for surgery.
Advantages of combined technetium-99m-sestamibi scintigraphy and high-resolution ultrasonography in parathyroid localization: comparative study in 91 patients with primary hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Lumachi F , Zucchetta P , Marzola M C , Boccagni P , Angelini F , Bui F , D'Amico D F , Favia G 
Published: January 2005

Abstract

Objective
To evaluate the usefulness of the combination of Tc-sestamibi/Tc-pertechnetate subtraction scintigraphy (SS) and high-resolution neck ultrasonography (US) in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT) undergoing parathyroidectomy.

Design and Methods
Ninety-one patients with proved pHPT were studied, excluding patients with persistent or recurrent disease. There were 65 (71.4%) women and 26 (28.6%) men, with a median age of 59 years (range 18-78 years). All patients underwent both SS and US prior to surgery, and the results were compared with operative and histological findings. The intraoperative quick-parathyroid hormone assay was available for 52 (57.1%) patients. When multiglandular disease was found, both SS and US were considered truly positive only when at least two enlarged parathyroid (PT) glands had been localized.

Results
Eighty-three (91.2%) solitary PT adenomas and three (3.3%) carcinomas were found. Moreover, two (2.2%) patients had a double adenoma and three (3.3%) patients had diffuse PT hyperplasia. The overall sensitivity of combined SS+US was 94.5% (86.8% and 80.4% for SS and US respectively). There was a significant (P&lt;0.05, Student's t-test) difference in size between the PT glands correctly identified and undetected by SS, whereas the site of the removed PT tumors significantly (P&lt;0.05, Fisher exact test) influenced only the US sensitivity.

Conclusions
When the preoperative localization of the PT glands is chosen, the combination of SS and US represents a reliable noninvasive localization technique and should be considered for use in each patient with pHPT undergoing surgery.
Markers of tumor invasion are major predictive factors for the long-term outcome of corticotroph microadenomas treated by transsphenoidal adenomectomy
Authors: Vallette-Kasic S , Dufour H , Mugnier M , Trouillas J , Valdes-Socin H , Caron P , Morange S , Girard N , Grisoli F , Jaquet P , Brue T 
Published: January 2005

Abstract

Objective
To assess the postsurgical outcome of patients with corticotroph microadenomas and to define predictors of the long-term outcome, with special emphasis on markers of tumor extension.

Design
Prospective study of 53 corticotroph microadenomas treated by enlarged adenomectomy. Patients followed for at least 2 years were classified into two groups: those in long-term remission and uncured patients (immediate failures and recurrences). Pre-, per- and postoperative parameters were analyzed as predictors of the long-term outcome.

Methods
Baseline hormone assessments were performed preoperatively, 8 days after surgery and every 6-12 months thereafter. Pituitary magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) allowed analysis of possible tumor extension to adjacent structures. Apparent completeness of the surgical removal was determined, and fragments labeled either 'tumor' or 'surrounding pituitary tissue' were submitted to serial sectioning.

Results
Immediate control of hypercortisolism was achieved in 43/53 patients (81%). However, later recurrences were observed in five patients (9%). Preoperative MRI showed tumor extension into adjacent structures with good specificity (91%) for prediction of surgical failure. Evidence of local invasion at surgery was also significantly predictive of the long-term outcome. A corticotroph adenoma was found at histological examination in 96% of the patients, and 26% had irregular limits, a feature significantly correlated with a poor outcome. Immediate postoperative plasma cortisol did not allow discrimination between long-term remissions and recurrences.

Conclusion
Surgical failure was best predicted by signs of tumor 'invasiveness' at MRI, confirmed by peroperative examination and histology.
Effects of growth hormone replacement therapy on levels of cortisol and cortisol-binding globulin in hypopituitary adults
Authors: Tschop M , Lahner H , Feldmeier H , Grasberger H , Morrison K M , Janssen O E , Attanasio A F , Strasburger C J 
Published: January 2005

Abstract

Objective
To determine if human growth hormone (hGH) replacement therapy alters pharmacokinetics of hydrocortisone (CS) substitution in hypopituitary adults.

Design
To this aim, we analysed serum and salivary CS profiles 270 min after oral CS administration at baseline and 6 and 12 months after initiation of hGH replacement therapy.

Methods
Serum IGF-I, cortisol-binding globulin (CBG), thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG) and sex hormone-binding hormone (SHBG) were measured using commercially available radioimmunoassays. In-house immunofluorometric assays were employed for measurements of CS and hGH.

Results
hGH replacement did not change total serum CS bioavailability (area under the serum cortisol profile curve). Interference of orally administered CS with salivary measurement of free CS (fCS) caused significant bias. Therefore, fCS levels were calculated from their total CS and cortisol-binding globulin (CBG) levels. CBG decreased by approximately 30% after both 6 and 12 months of hGH replacement therapy (n=20, P&lt;0.01). A significant negative correlation between deltaCBG (CBG6months-CBGbaseline) and deltaIGF-I (IGF-I6months-IGF-Ibaseline) was observed (P=0.04). The calculated values of free CS tended to increase with physiological hGH replacement, but this effect was marginal and did not reach statistical significance. In contrast to the CBG concentrations, plasma levels of sex hormone-binding globulin and thyroxine-binding globulin were essentially stable.

Conclusion
Given that no clinically relevant alterations in pharmacokinetics of CS were evoked by initiation of hGH replacement in hypopituitary adults, we conclude that CS substitution does not require dose adjustment after initiation of hGH replacement.
A novel mutation of the KAL1 gene in monozygotic twins with Kallmann syndrome
Authors: Matsuo T , Okamoto S , Izumi Y , Hosokawa A , Takegawa T , Fukui H , Tun Z , Honda K , Matoba R , Tatsumi K , Amino N 
Published: January 2005

Abstract

Objective
Kallmann syndrome is defined by the association of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and anosmia. The KAL1 gene is responsible for the X-linked form of Kallmann syndrome. In this study we describe monozygotic twins with Kallmann syndrome due to the same mutation in the KAL1 gene.

Design
We studied male monozygotic twins with Kallmann syndrome.

Methods
We analyzed the KAL1 gene using the PCR-direct sequencing method. The twins' mother was examined for the identified mutation.

Results
We identified a 14 bp deletion from codon 419 in exon 9 (Pro419del14) in both KAL1 genes of the twins. This was a novel mutation in the KAL1 gene and was responsible for Kallmann syndrome. As Pro419del14 was not detected in the mother of the twins, Pro419del14 was a germline mutation originating from them. These monozygotic twins showed different LH and FSH responses to LH-RH stimulation and different phenotypes such as complications, physiques and psychiatric characters.

Conclusions
We report an identical KAL1 gene mutation in the monozygotic twins with Kallmann syndrome. As these monozygotic twins showed different phenotypes in some respects, we suggest that factors other than mutations in the KAL1gene affect the symptomatic features of Kallmann syndrome.
Follistatin (FS) in human cerebrospinal fluid and regulation of FS expression in a mouse model of meningitis
Authors: Michel U , Ebert S , Schneider O , Shintani Y , Bunkowski S , Smirnov A , Stringaris A , Gerber J , Bruck W , Nau R 
Published: January 2005

Abstract

Objective
Follistatin (FS) is the specific binding protein of activin and expression of both factors is regulated by inflammatory agents. Therefore, FS concentrations were determined in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with bacterial and viral meningitis or multiple sclerosis (MS), as well as in the CSF of patients without meningial inflammation or autoimmune diseases. Furthermore, a mouse pneumococcal meningitis model was used to localise the cellular sources of FS in brains of normal and meningitic mice.

Methods
FS concentrations in CSF were determined by ELISA; FS in mice was localised by in situ hybridisation and immunohistochemistry.

Results
FS concentrations were &gt; or =0.4 microg/l in 22 of 66 CSF samples of meningitis patients versus 2 of 27 CSF samples from patients with multiple sclerosis (P&lt;0.05) and 2 of 41 CSF specimen from patients without neuroinflammatory diseases (P&lt;0.01). In the CSF of patients with meningitis, the concentration of FS was correlated with total protein (P&lt;0.005) and lactate concentrations (P&lt;0.05), but not with leukocyte counts, interval between onset of disease and CSF analysis, or clinical outcome. The CSF-to-serum ratios of FS and albumin also correlated significantly (P&lt;0.0005). In some patients with meningitis the CSF-to-serum ratios suggested that the elevated FS in CSF did not originate from serum alone. FS was localised in mice brains to neurones of the hippocampus, dentate gyrus, neocortex, and to the choroid plexus. Analyses of brains and other organs from uninfected and infected animals sacrificed 6-36 h after infection did not reveal any obvious differences in the distribution and intensity of FS mRNA and protein expression.

Conclusions
The concentration of FS in humans is elevated during meningitis. In some patients the increase is caused by a release of FS from brain into CSF. Data from the mouse meningitis model suggest that increased CSF concentrations of FS in meningitis appear not to be accompanied by an elevated number of cells containing FS mRNA or protein in the brain.