bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Values-based mental health nursing
Authors: Tuffour Isaac 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter provides a broad overview of values and values-based practice in mental health nursing. Values are complicated and contradictory. As a result, working with values necessitates an understanding of the diversity it entails. This chapter will help you explore the following key ideas: values and their different meanings; how to define your subjective personal values, and values derived from laws and ethical principles; meaning of values-based practice in mental health nursing; frameworks; and therapeutic skills for values-based mental health nursing practice. A key learning point from the chapter is that values-based mental health nursing practice requires mutual respect for diversity of values.
Caring: The essence of mental health nursing
Authors: Bond Carmel , Stickley Theo , Stacey Gemma 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter explores the concept of caring in mental health nursing and locates the art of caring in twenty-first-century practice. The reader will be introduced to the ethics of caring and be asked to reflect on their own values, choices, and actions when caring. Throughout the chapter the reader will be provided with opportunities to consider some of the core skills involved in mental health nursing, including using reflection and how to communicate using a caring approach. The chapter also includes consideration of the contemporary context in which caring occurs, and the potential complexities involved in communicating care and developing therapeutic relationships. Therapeutic relationships are discussed in more detail in chapter 6.
Working in partnership
Authors: Simpson Alan , Brennan Geoff 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Working in partnership with the service user is central to effective mental health nursing and a cornerstone to the recovery approach. This chapter outlines some of the skills and approaches that mental health nurses need to work in partnership and considers these across the various life stages. It also identifies some of the challenges that may be encountered when trying to implement these skills in the ‘real world’ of mental health services. It explores how collaborative working can help the service user draw on their knowledge and expertise and support them in making choices when working towards their recovery. The chapter highlights key policies and draws on research evidence and theories that support partnership working. Case studies and top tips are included to support learning.
Dementia: A person-centred perspective
Authors: Pusey Helen , Burrow Simon , Keady John 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Dementia is a vitally important, global issue. Working with people who are living with dementia is a hugely rewarding area of nursing practice, and one that champions creativity and empathy. This chapter aims to enhance the reader’s knowledge and skills in the delivery of person-centred care and support for people who are living with dementia. It will do this in three main ways. First, by exploring the main signs and symptoms of dementia and how many people live with the condition. Second, by sharing the work of the social psychologist Tom Kitwood who pioneered person-centred practices and instilled a new vision in dementia care. Third, by considering how mental health nurses can shape these factors and promote well-being by adopting an innovative, empowering, and person-centred approach to their dementia care practice.
Low-intensity cognitive behavioural therapy interventions (guided self-help)
Authors: Chellingsworth Marie 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Mental health nurses should be confident and competent in providing a range of evidence-based clinical interventions for people experiencing mental health problems such as depression and the anxiety disorders. Guided self-help based on low-intensity cognitive behavioural therapy is a recommended treatment for these disorders and mental health nurses are well placed to deliver these. This practical chapter will provide the reader with a thorough understanding of low-intensity cognitive behavioural therapy, and how to assess the service user for suitability for treatment, initiate the correct treatment protocol, and select the right guided self-help material.
Behavioural activation
Authors: Filip Maria , Carter Tim 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter gives the reader an overview of a well-established and evidence-based approach to treating depression called behavioural activation. It has been shown to be effective for severe depression and the principles of the approach can be readily incorporated into mental health nursing practice. The chapter commences with an overview of the theory and evidence base underpinning behavioural activation as a first-line treatment for depression, then gives a step-by-step guide to how a mental health nurse might effectively implement behavioural activation with a service user experiencing depression. A section describing common pitfalls is included, followed by a detailed practice example.
Medicines management
Authors: Pearson Mark , Pringle Alan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Nurses possess unique skills in relation to medicines management and the practice of medication administration is one that is fundamental to everyday nursing care with some suggesting that it is the largest part of some nurses’ workload. Nurses have a key role to play in supporting service users to develop their own knowledge and understanding of the medication they are prescribed and in helping them make an informed choice about whether to take the medication or not. While a good understanding of psychopharmacology is essential to good medication management, these issues are not covered in this chapter. This chapter focuses on some of the things that can influence medication adherence, explores evidence-based interventions to enhance adherence, and provides some guidance on how to engage service users in a collaborative manner to enable effective medication management.
Practising safe and effective observation
Authors: Baker Mark J. , Sookoo Susan , Usman Haseem 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The purpose of this chapter is to discuss practising safe and effective observation. Current evidence and best practice guidance regarding observation is presented. Following this, the concept of restrictive practice is highlighted along with core skills and competencies required to observe service users ‘at risk’ in clinically effective and safe way. The potential benefits and limitations of conducting observation at different levels of intensity are explored along with an awareness of service users’ accounts of the experience of being observed by nurses. The chapter concludes with a practice example and suggested application of the Mental Health Act 1983: Code of Practice while observing a service user.
The recognition and therapeutic management of self-harm and suicide prevention
Authors: Lees Rachel , Waters Keith , Willis Andy 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Suicide and self-harm are complex. The development of self-harm or suicidal thoughts does not inevitably lead to death by suicide. Suicide is preventable, but this does not mean that every suicide could have been prevented. Skilful and sensitive nursing practice can provide the opportunity for suicide prevention. A triggering event can precipitate suicide, but many different factors contribute to suicidality. Individual experiences of suicidality and self-harm can also be very different. Though there are known risk factors, these range within communities and individuals. Responses to self-harm and suicidality need to focus on individualized risk assessment and care and safety planning. Asking someone about self-harm and suicide directly, compassionately, and with professional curiosity is essential for quality therapeutic care, risk management, and patient safety. Nurses must be aware of their responses to suicidality and self-harm and the impact that this can have on others. It is also essential to recognize the impact that working with suicidality can have on healthcare professionals.
Supporting people through periods of distress that may result in harm to themselves or others
Authors: Ennis Wayne , Murray Jeanette , Dickinson Tommy , Riley Dave 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Supporting people at difficult times during a period of distress is one of the most significant challenges facing the mental health nurse, requiring a high degree of practical knowledge, self-awareness, and cultural sensitivity. Over the last decade, interventions to support people have taken on extra dimensions that take nurses beyond the traditional roles required of them, which were often framed around verbal de-escalation and, as a last resort, physical interventions to prevent significant harm to self or others. The chapter explores this expanded role and its challenges to the modern mental health nurse.
Leadership and management in mental health nursing
Authors: Wadey Emma 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The aim of this chapter is to enable the reader to understand the importance of leadership and management skills within contemporary mental health nursing practice. The difference between leadership and management roles is defined and how these roles contribute to safe and effective therapeutic nursing care is described. The management and leadership competencies and skills required in mental health nursing are explained, illustrated by clinical practice examples. Also included are top tips for developing management leadership and skills in practice, highlighting the importance of reflection in identifying strengths and areas of improvement in these areas.
How Can I Lessen the Interference of My Patient’s Pain with Their Schoolwork?
Authors: Sisler India , El-Amin Nadirah 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter emphasizes that both pain and potential disability due to sickle cell disease (SCD) begin in childhood, and last for a lifetime. It guides SCD clinicians into helping their school-age patients not only manage their pain but also manage their lives. It helps clinicians, families, and patients combat the deleterious effects of SCD pain on patients’ peer interactions, on their family dynamics, on their social support, and on their school performance. It places emphasis on disability and fatigue as correlates of pain in SCD. It introduces stigma as a lifelong struggle for SCD patients. It lists advocacy to parents and school personnel as one of the jobs of the SCD pain management clinician. It offers concrete individual and policy changes necessary to accommodate SCD children in pain and steps clinicians can take toward assuring these changes are implemented.
Why Is My Adolescent’s Pain Continually Getting Worse?
Authors: El-Amin Nadirah , Newlin Jennifer , Smith Wally R. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Pain management recommendations are offered in this chapter for sickle cell disease (SCD) patients traveling through the sometimes troublesome period of adolescence, when pain, opioid use, and hospital use often increase. Worsening pain in SCD adolescents frightens them and their caregivers and creates stifling questions for diagnosis and management. Is the best approach to simply give more opioids? Is it best to start or intensify remittive therapy or regular transfusions or seek transformative therapy in the form of transplant or gene therapy? Is this symptomatic change a prognostic indicator? Should adolescent patients with suddenly increasing utilization be blamed for poor self-care? How should these patients be counseled?
How Do I Manage My Patient in the Hospital with Intractable Pain?
Authors: Carroll C. Patrick 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter focuses on patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) who have episodes of pain that lead to long hospitalizations with very slow improvement, despite aggressive use of conventional measures. There is no consensus definition of a refractory vaso-occlusive crisis (VOC). Yet many treatment guidelines and expert opinions offer guidance on treatment of refractory VOCs. This chapter synthesizes the literature and various recommendations with the author’s experience to provide a strategy for assessing and managing a patient with severe SCD pain in the hospital that is not responding to well-executed conventional methods.
How Do I Respond When My Patient Complains about Their Pain Management by Others?
Authors: Carroll C. Patrick , Smith Wally R. , Lipato Thokozeni 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter explains how the inevitable disagreements among clinicians about opioid management in sickle cell disease (SCD) stem both from a lack of evidence and from the different motivations clinicians have according to their roles in the healthcare management system. The chapter also discusses how implicit bias and explicit bias influence analgesic prescribing habits and underlying attitudes to SCD patients’ requests for analgesia. It offers words of caution about overreliance on these attitudes. It also emphasizes how the available evidence, when clear, should drive pain management decisions. It encourages clinicians to take leadership in their institutions to assure proper SCD pain management.
How Do I Manage My Patient’s Depression and/or Anxiety?
Authors: Levenson James 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter addresses the importance of diagnosing and treating depression in patients with sickle cell disease (SCD). Chronic pain predisposes patients to experience depression, and depression aggravates chronic pain. Both depression and chronic pain erode the quality of sleep, and poor sleep worsens pain and depression. As in other conditions with increased rates of depression, suicidal ideation is more common in adults and adolescents with SCD than the general population. Therefore, optimal treatment of pain in patients with SCD requires addressing depression. The chapter explains that there are effective forms of both psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy for depression. It profiles that, while there are many effective antidepressants, some are more effective and better at reducing chronic pain.
How Do I Manage My Sickle Cell Pain Patient’s Sleep Problems?
Authors: Valrie Cecelia 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter offers advice for managing sickle cell disease (SCD) patients who are struggling with both pain and sleep-related problems. Sleep problems are common among people living with SCD and tend to co-occur with severe SCD pain. The chapter describes symptoms, prevalence, and comorbidity of the three most common sleep problems faced by individuals with SCD—obstructive sleep apnea, insomnia, and periodic limb movement disorder—and their links to pain. It presents common assessments and treatments to address sleep problems. Lastly, it offers guidance on how clinicians can support their patients’ sleep treatments. This includes a discussion of other factors that may contribute to poor sleep patterns and concludes with a table detailing example sleep hygiene questions and recommendations based on patient responses.
How Do I Manage My Patient on High-Dose Chronic Opioid Therapy Who Continues High Emergency Department Use?
Authors: Lipato Thokozeni , Smith Wally R. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter is useful to all clinicians, but is directed especially to experts in addiction medicine who encounter sickle cell disease (SCD) patients on high doses of chronic opioids, some of whom continue to utilize the emergency department and hospital regularly. It offers help to distinguish within this population those for whom opioid use is problematic versus those for whom it is not. It lists the long-term side effects and dangers of chronic opioid therapy (COT). It outlines the difficulty of termination of COT when patients have a dual diagnosis of chronic SCD pain and problematic opioid use or when COT has been judged as failing. It suggests appropriate pharmacologic and behavioral treatment goals and resources for such patients. It also recommends pharmacologic, administrative, and behavioral management.
What Do I Do When My Patient Is Accused of Selling Their Opioids?
Authors: Lipato Thokozeni 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
When confronted with an accusation that a patient is selling their opioids, the first question that has to be answered is whether the accusation is believable or not. These types of accusations are almost always made anonymously. The next question to answer is, what action should be taken in response to this accusation? This chapter discusses what clinicians should consider when faced with the possibility that a patient who has a valid medical condition such as sickle cell disease that requires opioid pain medication is diverting their opioids. It addresses the ethical dilemma clinicians will be faced with and suggests ways clinicians can navigate the problem.
How Do I Manage My Patient on Chronic Opioid Therapy and Benzodiazepines?
Authors: Lipato Thokozeni 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Misuse of prescription opioids is defined as use in any way not directed by a prescribing provider. Abuse has been defined as taking an opioid for non-therapeutic purposes to obtain psychotropic effects. Opioid abuse is often used synonymously with opioid use disorder or opioid addiction. They are not identical. This chapter discusses the diagnosis and management of opioid use disorder and the misuse of opioids and benzodiazepines in patients with sickle cell disease on chronic opioid therapy (COT). It acknowledges the difficulty of diagnosing addiction and/or opioid use disorder in patients on COT. It offers strategies that can be used to safely manage chronic pain in patients exhibiting concerning behavior, including the use of buprenorphine.
How Do I Manage My Patient with Disabling Pain in the Hip and Leg?
Authors: Smith Wally R. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Because the prognosis of sickle cell disease (SCD) has greatly improved, bone and joint disorders are now the most common identifiable cause of chronic pain in patients with SCD. Of the bone and joint SCD pain disorders, osteonecrosis or avascular necrosis (AVN) is the most common. The femoral head is the most common location for AVN. This chapter offers a radiographic staging system for AVN of the femoral head. It offers clinical tips for excluding dangerous complications among patients with AVN of the femoral head. It offers pain management techniques and pharmacotherapy focused on improving function and preserving native bone tissue. It reviews the scant evidence on expected success rates and complication rates of various surgical approaches for AVN in SCD.
How Do I Manage My Patients’ Constant Need for Prior Authorizations or Out-of-Pocket Medication Costs?
Authors: Johnson Shirley , Hardy Austin , Jaworowski Benjamin , Smith Wally R. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter profiles some of the administrative barriers to opioid prescribing and receipt of analgesics and remittive therapies for pain in sickle cell disease. It also discusses how to address these barriers using team-based pharmacists or pharmacy reimbursement specialists. Such pharmacists and specialists are uncommon in sickle cell disease care, but they are routinely used in hospitals that have high-volume, high-cost disease populations. The justification for the use of a pharmacist or reimbursement specialist in a sickle cell disease care team is presented. Typical duties, process flows for the sickle cell disease team to ensure prior authorization approvals, and the steps of appeal when denied prior authorizations are described.
The Evolution and Symbiosis of Medical Ethics and Professionalism
Authors: Doukas David J. , Fins Joseph J. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Medical ethics and professionalism are intertwined concepts. This relationship should be explored within the context of the historical roots of both medical ethics in clinical practice and the development of professionalism. While these two entities did not develop simultaneously, they became symbiotically related to one another over time. This relationship is based on the recognition of not only clinical competence and the pledging of beneficial care to the patient, but also the implicit social contract requiring stewardship of each physician for the systemic obligations of the entire profession. Historical time points key to the development of medical ethics and medical professionalism are highlighted, as well as the reform of medical education that disseminates both medical ethics and professionalism. Key conceptual issues relating to the limitations of the implicit social contract as a model for professionalism, and the need to acknowledge the place of covenant in modern medicine are also explored.
A Philosopher’s Perspective
Authors: Ozar David , Inui Thomas S. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The most basic meaning of professionalism concerns how members of a profession are expected to act. The members of the medical profession are often expected to act in very idealistic ways. But, in contrast with ideal professionalism, this chapter focuses on aspirational professionalism, which views the process of professional formation—treated here as related to but distinct from professional identity formation—as a gradual, lifelong learning process of self-formation. The efforts of professionalism programs in medical schools during a physician’s undergraduate medical education and during residency or fellowship are examined here from this perspective. Appropriate cognitive and affective learning outcomes for these programs are identified, and the skills that learners need in order to grow in medical professionalism from an aspirational perspective are described.
Professionalism Considerations in Social Media Use
Authors: Spandorfer John 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Social media use among physicians is widespread. Whether using social media for social networking, video hosting, discussion forums, blogging, or microblogging, physicians and trainees should be mindful of the benefits and risks of its use. Benefits include social networking, rapid communication of key health information, collective sourcing on challenging cases, and professional development. Risks include privacy and professional code violations. Several medical professional societies offer guidance for the professional use of social media, including guidance regarding the content of publicly viewable social media posts. This chapter reviews these benefits and risks as well as guidelines from medical organizations on appropriate use of social media.
Future Directions and Disruptive Innovations in Medical Professionalism
Authors: Lefkowitz Ariel , Mokhachane Mantoa , Paton Morag , Bryden Pier , Whitehead Cynthia R. , Wyatt Tasha R. , Maniate Jerry M. , Kuper Ayelet 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter identifies seven tensions that are likely to require addressing in the near future and that the authors recognize as essential to the medical profession becoming more inclusive and less restrictive and, in doing so, provide better care to patients. The seven tensions are as follows: professionalism as a universal truth versus one that changes, evolves, and varies across cultures and contexts; professionalism as who the practitioners are versus what they do at work; professionalism as promoting wellness versus punishing un-wellness; professionalism as a force that is facilitated by technological innovation versus one that is challenged by new technologies; professionalism as a force for protection of patients and colleagues versus a tool for policing physicians; professionalism as promoting activism versus forbidding engagement with controversial topics; professionalism as defining the “ideal doctor” versus setting out guidelines that are inclusive of diverse ways of being. It is hoped that exploring and addressing these tensions will help ensure that the profession continues to work to serve its patients, its members, and its communities.