bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evidence-based evaluation of adjuvant therapy with Chinese medicine for cerebral small vessel disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Xu Yaqian , Chen Bowei , Yi Jian , Liu Baiyan 
Published: January 2024

Background:
As the population ages, the prevalence of cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) steadily increases, resulting in a significant economic burden on society. In East Asian nations, Chinese medicine has been used extensively to teat CSVD and has been reported to improve the cognitive function of patients. The present study aimed to comprehensively assess the efficacy and safety of Chinese medicine as adjuvant therapy for CSVD.

Methods:
A literature search of the CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, SinoMed, Medline, Cochrane Library, and ChiCTR databases were searched for RCTs investigating the use of TCM as an adjuvant in the treatment of CSVD, published up to July 27, 2023, was performed. Based on the Cochrane Collaboration Network bias risk assessment criteria, Review Manager version 5.3 was used to perform a meta-analysis.

Results:
Meta-analysis of 27 RCTs, including 2554 subjects, revealed that the majority of the RCTs exhibited risk for ambiguous bias. The findings demonstrated that the use of Chinese medicine as an adjuvant treatment for CSVD effectively enhanced the cognitive function, as evidenced by improvements in the MMSE score (mean difference (MD) = 2.42, 95% confidence interval (CI) [1.79,3.17], P < .00001), MoCA score (MD = 2.39, 95% CI [1.78,2.99], P < .00001) and ADL score (MD = 4.13, 95% CI [1.74,6.51], P = .0007). Furthermore, the study also demonstrated the advantages of Chinese medicine adjuvant therapy in enhancing the Chinese medicine syndrome score (MD = −2.57, 95% CI [−3.31, −1.83], P < .00001), CRP (MD = −1.35, 95% CI [−2.27, −0.43], P = .004), Hcy (MD = −3.44,95% CI [−4.05, −2.83], P < .00001), and blood flow velocity (CBV) (MD = 1.37,95% CI [0.24,2.50], P = .02). Moreover, there was no statistical difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the 2 groups.

Conclusion:
Findings of the present study indicate that the Chinese medicine, as an adjuvant to conventional treatment, appeared to be efficacious in enhancing cognitive function, reducing Chinese medicine syndrome score, improving blood biochemical markers, and improving cerebral blood flow perfusion in patients with CSVD, without any notable adverse reactions. However, it is imperative to validate these conclusions in future high-quality investigations.
3D printing-assisted total hip arthroplasty and internal fixation for the treatment of fresh acetabular fracture and femoral head necrosis: A case report
Authors: Chen Yong , Zhang Bin 
Published: January 2024

Rationale:
Posterior wall comminuted fractures of the acetabulum are typically caused by high-energy trauma, and the complex anatomical structure of the acetabulum makes their treatment challenging. However, reports of the treatment of fresh acetabular fractures combined with femoral head necrosis are extremely rare.

Patient concerns:
A 57-year-old male, injured in a car accident, presented with right hip pain and limited mobility. At the age of 50, the patient was diagnosed with avascular necrosis of the right femoral head, experiencing right hip pain and a limp while walking, for which conservative treatment was initiated.

Diagnosis:
The patient was clinically diagnosed with fresh comminuted posterior wall acetabular fracture and late-stage femoral head necrosis.

Interventions:
We applied 3D printing technology and computer-assisted virtual surgical techniques for preoperative planning, simulated fracture reduction, and designed personalized bone plates and screws for fixation of the posterior wall of the acetabulum. A single-stage total hip arthroplasty was performed to treat femoral head necrosis.

Outcomes:
He began walking with the assistance of a walker 1 month after surgery, and at 6 months post-surgery, the acetabular posterior wall fracture had effectively healed, allowing the patient to return to work.

Lessons:
The application of 3D printing technology in acetabular internal fixation and total hip arthroplasty is helpful for fracture assessment, facilitates smooth surgery, promotes fracture reduction and healing, restores hip joint function, and ensures a high level of safety.
A Review of an Interfacility Transport Program Pediatric Stroke Clinical Practice Guideline
Authors: Arends Grace , Perry Elizabeth , Sherman Ashley , Flint Jennifer 
Published: January 2024

Background
Pediatric acute ischemic stroke is a rare diagnosis that requires timely recognition and definitive management to prevent morbidity and mortality. Children often present to primary care offices, urgent care clinics, and adult emergency departments for evaluation of symptoms that may be signs and symptoms of stroke. Currently, there are no published prehospital or transport protocols specific to pediatric acute ischemic stroke. The Children's Mercy Hospital Critical Care Transport Team (CMCCT) created a pediatric-specific clinical practice guideline (CPG) for suspected acute ischemic stroke.

Methods
This retrospective, descriptive study reports pediatric patients aged younger than 18 years who met criteria for the pediatric stroke CPG and required interfacility transport by CMCCT over a 4- year period. Large vessel occlusion (LVO) scores used in adults were calculated retrospectively.

Results
Seventeen patients met inclusion criteria. Four (24%) of 17 had radiographic evidence of acute thrombus, 3 of whom received alteplase and/or endovascular clot retrieval. Median age of confirmed stroke was 83 months (interquartile range, 65–148) compared with 177 months for nonstroke (interquartile range, 169–191), P = 0.126. The most common presenting symptom was hemiplegia in the confirmed stroke group. The confirmed stroke group scored significantly lower on the Glasgow Coma Scale (median of 8 vs 15, P = 0.014), significantly higher on the Los Angeles Motor Scale LVO score (median 4 vs 0, P = 0.021), and significantly higher on the Rapid Arterial Occlusion Evaluation LVO (median 4 vs 0, P = 0.036).

Conclusions
To our knowledge, the CMCCT CPG is the first pediatric transport protocol aimed at recognition and management of pediatric stroke described in the literature. Retrospective calculation of LVO scores show that they may be helpful in application to pediatric patients.
Subfascial Mini–Muscle Release Dual-Plane Technique: A Modified Procedure for Breast Augmentation
Authors: Xia Zenan , Xie Jiangmiao , Zhang Wenchao , Wang Xiaojun , Zheng Yongjian , Zeng Ang 
Published: January 2024

Background:
Each breast augmentation technique has advantages and indications, and the quest for the perfect implant pocket plane is ongoing. An ideal dual plane should meet 3 requirements: adequate implant coverage, optimal control of breast shape, and maximal muscle preservation. The authors report a modified procedure for breast augmentation: the subfascial mini–muscle release dual-plane technique.

Methods:
From an inframammary or periareolar approach, the implant pocket is dissected in a subfascial plane up to the pectoralis major muscle. The muscle is split 3 cm above the lateral margin, and then pocket dissection proceeds in the submuscular plane. A small portion of the costal origin is divided inferomedially to create a dual plane.

Results:
This study included a total of 178 patients with hypoplasia or breast atrophy, among whom 34 had breast ptosis and 20 had tubular breast deformity. The median follow-up period was 20 months. The average implant volume was 268.8 mL, and a smooth implant was used in 85.4% of cases. There was 1 case of hematoma, 2 cases of wound-healing issues, 2 cases of rippling, 2 cases of grade III or IV capsular contracture, 5 cases of implant malposition, and 12 cases of mild muscle contraction–associated deformity. Revision procedures were performed on 2 patients.

Conclusions:
The subfascial mini–muscle release dual-plane technique is an easy method of breast augmentation, and it is especially indicated for ptotic breasts and tubular breast deformities. This technique combines the advantages of traditional dual-plane and muscle-splitting techniques, yielding a satisfactory aesthetic outcome.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Therapeutic, IV.
Optimized, Person-Centered Workflow Design for a High-Throughput Breast MRI Screening Facility—A Simulation Study
Authors: Kočo Lejla , Balkenende Luuk , Appelman Linda , Moman Maaike R. , Sponsel Aljoscha , Schimanski Markus , Prokop Mathias , Mann Ritse M. 
Published: January 2024

ObjectivesThis project aims to model an optimal scanning environment for breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) screening based on real-life data to identify to what extent the logistics of breast MRI can be optimized.Materials and MethodsA novel concept for a breast MRI screening facility was developed considering layout of the building, workflow steps, used resources, and MRI protocols. The envisioned screening facility is person centered and aims for an efficient workflow-oriented design. Real-life data, collected from existing breast MRI screening workflows, during 62 scans in 3 different hospitals, were imported into a 3D simulation software for designing and testing new concepts. The model provided several realistic, virtual, logistical pathways for MRI screening and their outcome measures: throughput, waiting times, and other relevant variables.ResultsThe total average appointment time in the baseline scenario was 25:54 minutes, with 19:06 minutes of MRI room occupation. Simulated improvements consisted of optimizing processes and resources, facility layout, and scanning protocol. In the simulation, time spent in the MRI room was reduced by introducing an optimized facility layout, dockable tables, and adoption of an abbreviated MRI scanning protocol. The total average appointment time was reduced to 19:36 minutes, and in this scenario, the MRI room was occupied for 06:21 minutes. In the most promising scenario, screening of about 68 people per day (10 hours) on a single MRI scanner could be feasible, compared with 36 people per day in the baseline scenario.ConclusionsThis study suggests that by optimizing workflow MRI for breast screening total appointment duration and MRI occupation can be reduced. A throughput of up to 6 people per hour may be achieved, compared with 3 people per hour in the current setup.
Using the Operating Room Black Box to Assess Surgical Team Member Adaptation Under Uncertainty
Authors: Incze Taylor , Pinkney Sonia J. , Li Cherryl , Hameed Usmaan , Hallbeck M. Susan , Grantcharov Teodor P. , Trbovich Patricia L. 
Published: January 2024

Objective:
Identify how surgical team members uniquely contribute to teamwork and adapt their teamwork skills during instances of uncertainty.

Summary/Background Data:
The importance of surgical teamwork in preventing patient harm is well documented. Yet, little is known about how key roles (nurse, anesthesiologist, surgeon, medical trainee) uniquely contribute to teamwork during instances of uncertainty, particularly when adapting to and rectifying an intraoperative adverse event (IAE).

Methods:
Audio-visual data of 23 laparoscopic cases from a large community teaching hospital were prospectively captured using OR Black Box®. Human factors researchers retrospectively coded videos for teamwork skills (backup behaviour, coordination, psychological safety, situation assessment, team decision making, leadership) by team role under two conditions of uncertainty: associated with an IAE versus no IAE. Surgeons identified IAEs.

Results:
1015 instances of teamwork skills were observed. Nurses adapted to IAEs by expressing more backup behaviour skills (5.3x increase; 13.9 instances/h during an IAE vs. 2.2 instances/h when no IAE) while surgeons and medical trainees expressed more phycological safety skills (surgeons:3.6x increase; 30.0 instances/h vs. 6.6 instances/h and trainees 6.6x increase; 31.2 instances/h vs. 4.1 instances/h). All roles expressed less situation assessment skills during an IAE versus no IAE.

Conclusions:
ORBB enabled the assessment of critically important details about how team members uniquely contribute during instances of uncertainty. Some teamwork skills were amplified, while others dampened, when dealing with IAEs. Knowledge of how each role contributes to teamwork and adapts to IAEs should be used to inform the design of tailored interventions to strengthen interprofessional teamwork.
Blinking as a measurement of group vigilance in red deerCervus elaphusand fallow deerDama dama
Authors: Howard Thomas R. , Rands Sean A. 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACTThe group vigilance hypothesis suggests animals within a group have a lower overall vigilance level than solitary individuals due to the collective responsibility of predator detection. Previous methods of studying vigilance have used head position as a proxy to indicate a state of vigilance, but it has been suggested that this method is too ambiguous, and the observer cannot accurately ascertain the exact behavioural state of the focal animal. Here, we consider blinking as a proxy for vigilance, as the eye-closure during a blink momentarily reduces the animal’s information about the environment, increasing the risk of unanticipated predator attack. We videoed semi-captive herds of red deerCervus elaphusand fallow deerDama dama, and quantified their blinking behaviour using behavioural logging software. We show that blink rate decreased with increasing group size in both species, suggesting that blinking may be tied with social vigilance rather than anti-predator vigilance. Similarly, the length of the inter-blink interval increased with increasing group size in red deer. Male red deer blinked less than females, and had longer inter-blink intervals, which suggests that blinking may be related to sex-specific behaviour. We discuss the suitability of blinking measures for assessing vigilance behaviour.
Large DNA viruses in early diverging fungal genomes are relics of past and present infections
Authors: Myers Jillian M. , Schulz Frederik , Rahimlou Saleh , Amses Kevin R. , Simmons D. Rabern , Stajich Jason E. , James Timothy Y. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractGiant viruses of the phylum Nucleocytoviricota have captured researchers’ attention due to their increasingly recognized impacts on eukaryotic genome evolution. Their origins are hypothesized to predate or coincide with the diversification of eukaryotes and their natural hosts span the eukaryotic tree of life. But surprisingly, giant viruses have not been found in the fungal kingdom, though recent metagenomic work suggests a putative association. Here we show that early-diverging fungal lineages maintain both “viral fossils” and host active infections by giant viruses, which form a monophyletic clade that we nameMycodnaviridae. Viral genomes described here span up to 350kb and encode over 300 genes, including many genes characteristic of giant viruses. Interestingly, we observed variation in infection status among the isolates including apparent active infection and transcriptionally-suppressed states, suggestive that viral activation may be constrained to certain life stages of the host. Our experimental findings add to the scant few natural virus-host systems available in culture for the study of giant viruses. These viruses have likely shaped the early evolution of these fungal lineages and should prove a useful model for their study.
E protein control of NKγδT cell development through both generation and function of the stereotypic Vγ1Vδ6.3 TCR
Authors: Mihai Ariana , Lee Sang-Yun , Shinton Susan , Parker Mitchell I. , Contreras Alejandra V. , Zhang Baojun , Rhodes Michele , Dunbrack Roland L. , Zúñiga-Pflücker Juan-Carlos , Ciofani Maria , Zhuang Yuan , Wiest David L. 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACTT cell receptor (TCR) signals regulate important developmental transitions through induction of the E protein antagonist, Id3; however, Id3-deficiency produces paradoxical effects on γδ T cell subsets. Here, we show here that Id3-deficiency attenuates the development of Vγ3-expressing γδ T cells, while markedly enhancing the development of Vγ1Vδ6.3-expressing NKγδT cells. Id3-deficiency does so by regulating both the generation of the stereotypic Vγ1Vδ6.3 TCR expressed by NKγδT cells and its capacity to support development. Indeed, we determined that theTrav15segment, which encodes the Vδ6.3 TCR subunit, is directly bound by E proteins that control its expression. Moreover, once expressed, the resulting Vγ1Vδ6.3 TCR in capable of specifying the innate-like NKγδT cell fate in a cell-autonomous and developmentally-unrestricted manner that is restrained by the Id3/E axis. Together, these data indicate that the paradoxical behavior of NKγδT cells in the Id3-deficient setting is entirely determined by its stereotypic Vγ1Vδ6.3 TCR complex.
Post-zygotic reproductive isolation is not correlated with chromosome number in plants
Authors: Finch Geoffrey S , Yang Yang , Barker Michael S 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACTThe evolution of chromosome numbers is an important but not fully understood aspect of eukaryotic evolution. Although we understand the types of karyotypic changes that can lead to chromosome gain and loss, we still do not understand why chromosome numbers in many plants and animals have an average ofn= 9. A recent hypothesis proposed that chromosome number reduction following whole genome duplication (WGD) in angiosperms is driven by an interaction between chromosome number and the strength of reproductive isolation among populations. Chromosome number is expected to determine the maximum number of independently assorting Bateson-Dobzhansky-Muller incompatibilities (BDMIs). Selection against restricted gene flow among populations would result in selection for reduced chromosome number. Here we test for an interaction between chromosome number and post-zygotic reproductive isolation across a broad sample of land plants. We additionally tested for the indirect effects of WGD in generating post-zygotic reproductive isolation. Such an effect is expected if reproductive isolation is driven largely by reciprocal gene loss of WGD-derived paralogs. We found no correlation between post-zygotic reproductive isolation and chromosome number, WGD age, or degree of fractionation, suggesting that the accumulation of genic incompatibilities is likely not a major driver of post-WGD chromosome number reduction.
A complex mechanism translating variation of a simple genetic architecture into alternative life-histories
Authors: Verta Jukka-Pekka , Moustakas-Verho Jacqueline E. , Donner Iikki , Frapin Morgane , Ruokolainen Annukka , Debes Paul V. , Erkinaro Jaakko , Primmer Craig R. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractLinking genes to traits is a central goal in biology. Despite progress in discovering genes associated with trait differences, a poor understanding of the functional mechanisms underlying genetic associations leaves us critically far from connecting genetic and phenotypic variation. This knowledge-gap is particularly large in multifaceted phenotypes of ecological relevance such as life-history traits. Using a multiomic dissection of the genotype-phenotype association in a large-effect maturation age gene - the transcription cofactorvestigial-like 3(vgll3) - in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), we show thatvgll3mediates concerted changes of distinct molecular phenotypes associated with puberty in male gonads.Vgll3genotype conferringearlymaturity upregulates key genes controlling androgen production, cellular energy and adiposity, and TGF-β signaling, among others, thereby increasing the likelihood of earlier pubertal initiation. Genotype-dependent developmental trajectories are produced through VGLL3 interaction with distinct transcription factors, thus coordinating differential activation of regulatory pathways. These results reveal a genetically simple, yet functionally complex, architecture underlying alternative life-histories where variation in a single major effect gene produces pleiotropic variation in a spectrum of cellular traits. Our results further suggest that evolution in correlated phenotypes such as exemplified by alternative life history strategies may be mediated by a surprisingly simple genetic architecture.
Simultaneous generation of osteoblasts and adipocytes by a bivalent differentiation medium from bone marrow stromal/stem cells (BMSCs)
Authors: Qiu Dawei , Liu Dong , Chen Jia , Huang Jingwen , Yang Yong , Wei Wanyi , Luo Ziwei 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBone marrow stromal/stem cells (BMSCs) are primitive and heterogeneous cells that can be differentiated into osteoblasts, adipocytes and other subsets. Their bone-fat lineage commitment is responsible for the homeostasis of bone marrow microenvironment. However, there are little effective methods and evidence to simultaneously evaluate the lineage commitment of BMSCs. Here we provide a mixed osteo-adipogenic (OA) differentiation medium that could enable BMSCs differentiation into osteoblasts and adipocytes in vitro, and establish a method for simultaneous assessment of bone-fat lineage allocation of BMSCs based on the Alizarin red S and Oil red O staining, which have been used for detection of specific mineralized nodules and lipid droplets, respectively. This assay provides a specifically simple but effective and low-cost method to visualize the osteogenesis and adipogenesis of BMSCs, and evaluate the differentiation efficiency of lineage allocation of BMSCs.
Maternal Care Leads to the Evolution of Long, Slow Lives
Authors: Zipple Matthew N , Reeve H Kern , Peniston Jimmy H 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAnimals, and mammals in particular, vary widely in their “pace of life,” with some species living long lives and reproducing infrequently (slow life histories) and others living short lives and reproducing often (fast life histories). These species also vary in the importance of maternal care in offspring fitness: in some species, offspring are fully independent of their mothers following a brief period of nutritional input, while others display a long period of continued dependence on mothers well after nutritional dependence. Here we hypothesize that these two axes of variation are causally related to each other, such that extended dependence of offspring on maternal presence leads to the evolution of longer lives at the expense of reproduction. We use a combination of deterministic modeling and stochastic agent-based modeling to explore how empirically-observed links between maternal survival and offspring fitness are likely to shape the evolution of mortality and fertility. Each of our modelling approaches leads to the same conclusion: when maternal survival has strong impacts on the survival of offspring and grandoffspring, populations evolve longer lives with less frequent reproduction. Our results suggest the slow life histories of humans and other primates as well as other long-lived, highly social animals such as hyenas, whales, and elephants, are partially the result of the strong maternal care that these animals display. We have designed our models to be readily parameterized with demographic data that is routinely collected by long-term researchers, which will facilitate more thorough testing of our hypothesis.Significance StatementHumans and other primates live longer lives and reproduce less often than other mammals of similar body mass. What is the cause of these long lives? Here we add to existing hypotheses, including the Mother and Grandmother hypotheses, by arguing that these increased lifespans are partially explained by the intense maternal care that many primates express. Using a combination of deterministic and stochastic modeling approaches, informed by empirical data, we show that stronger connections between maternal survival and offspring fitness leads to selection for longer lives and slower reproduction. Our models suggest that the importance of the mother-offspring relationship, which defines much of human and non-human primate lives, lies at the core of the evolution of our long lives.