bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Atypical presentation of hyperthyroidism complicated complete hydatidiform mole in a 24-year-old female: a case report
Authors: Mansour Marah , Almasri Rania , Amin Noura , Hamwi George , Attoum Rawdah , Kanbour Ilda Moafak , Jeniat Sara Mohammad Talal , AlKhrait Samar 
Published: October 2023

Introduction and importance:
Molar pregnancy is the most common type of gestational trophoblastic disease. It manifests as vaginal bleeding, accompanied by high levels of β-human chorionic gonadotropin (β-HCG). This case aims to highlight the importance of considering gestational trophoblastic disease as a potential diagnosis and its serious complications.

Case presentation:
A 24-year-old female presented with vomiting, nausea, and no complaint of vaginal bleeding. Laboratory tests indicated hyperthyroidism as a complication requiring challenging preoperative prophylactic management. Initially, the patient underwent suction and curettage, but a total hysterectomy had to be performed later. The histological study concluded with the diagnosis of a complete hydatidiform mole. Post-surgery follow-up evaluations revealed high blood pressure values, and the patient was appointed for further cardiology assessment.

Discussion and conclusion:
Although uncommon, complications of a molar pregnancy include anaemia, severe cardiac distress, and hyperthyroidism. Trophoblastic Hyperthyroidism is a result of extremely high levels of β-HCG levels due to molecular cross-reactivity. History, clinical examination, and ultrasound, in addition to measuring β-HCG levels, could all help in diagnosing a molar pregnancy, but the definitive diagnosis is based on histopathology and a karyotype study. Management procedures include dilation, suction and curettage, and hysterectomy. The treatment depends on the patient’s age, desire for future pregnancies, and risk of developing gestational trophoblastic neoplasia. A follow-up with serial β-HCG measurement is recommended to monitor possible complications. Attaining and maintaining euthyroidism is a life-saving procedure before molar pregnancy surgery. Methimazole, Propranolol, Lugol’s iodine, and hydrocortisone can all be used in the prophylactic management of the thyroid storm.
Mechanical thrombectomy for AIS from large vessel occlusion – current trends and future perspectives
Authors: Parvathy Gauri , Dey Rohit C. , Kutikuppala Lakshmi Venkata Simhachalam , Maheshwari Aakansh R. , Josey Elwy , Chintala Jyothi S. , Abdullah Mohammed , Godugu Swathi 
Published: October 2023

Stroke is found to be one of the global top causes of mortality and the major factor in years of life with a handicap (DALYs). Ischemic strokes contributed to nearly 70% of all strokes worldwide. For endovascular thrombectomy in acute ischemic stroke with large vessel obstruction (AIS-LVO), using stent retrievers and/or reperfusion catheters has become the gold standard of therapy. The methodology involved keyword-based search in databases like PubMed, Embase, and Google Scholar for recent publications on mechanical thrombectomy (MT), AIS, large vessel occlusion (Large Vessel Occlusion (LVO)), screening relevant articles, retrieving full texts, and synthesizing key findings on procedural advancements, patient selection, COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) impact, delay effects, effectiveness, clinical outcomes, and future perspectives. Only people with substantial cerebral artery obstruction may do well from MT. This includes the distal carotid artery and the proximal middle cerebral artery (segment M1). The size of a blocked vessel and NIHSS (National Institute of Health Stroke Scale) score are directly connected. Both the 2018 and 2019 versions of the AHA/ASA (American Heart Association/American Stroke Association) Guidelines for the Early Management of Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke contained the recommendations that cases with AIS-LVO get endovascular therapy when administered during the time frame of 0–6 h after onset (Grade IA evidence). It is questionable whether this group of patients can be managed without the need for intravenous tissue plasminogen activator at the onset. When functional independence [modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score 2] was present at long-term follow-up, the endovascular intervention was favored. Tenecteplase, which differs from alteplase in terms of genetic variation, has a greater half-life and a higher level of fibrin selectivity, enabling bolus infusion. Studies have also demonstrated its efficacy and safety, as well as its long-term cost-effectiveness.
Testicular Metastasis From Neuroendocrine Tumors
Authors: Parghane Rahul V. , Basu Sandip 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are rare neoplasms arising from enterochromaffin cells, which are predominantly noted in the gastrointestinal tract and lung; metastases of NETs to the testes in NET are further uncommon. Testicular NET usually has no symptoms and/or presents with painless swelling of the scrotum. Detection of testicular lesion can be challenging and frequently missed on conventional radiological imaging. We present testicular NET missed on conventional radiological imaging, where 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT imaging detected the testicular lesion, and further evident on 177Lu-DOTATATE–based post–peptide receptor radionuclide therapy theranostic imaging.
Break-induced replication underlies formation of inverted triplications and generates unexpected diversity in haplotype structures
Authors: Grochowski Christopher M. , Bengtsson Jesse D. , Du Haowei , Gandhi Mira , Lun Ming Yin , Mehaffey Michele G. , Park KyungHee , Höps Wolfram , Benito-Garagorri Eva , Hasenfeld Patrick , Korbel Jan O. , Mahmoud Medhat , Paulin Luis F. , Jhangiani Shalini N. , Muzny Donna M. , Fatih Jawid M. , Gibbs Richard A. , Pendleton Matthew , Harrington Eoghan , Juul Sissel , Lindstrand Anna , Sedlazeck Fritz J. , Pehlivan Davut , Lupski James R. , Carvalho Claudia M.B. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe duplication-triplication/inverted-duplication (DUP-TRP/INV-DUP) structure is a type of complex genomic rearrangement (CGR) hypothesized to result from replicative repair of DNA due to replication fork collapse. It is often mediated by a pair of inverted low-copy repeats (LCR) followed by iterative template switches resulting in at least two breakpoint junctionsin cis. Although it has been identified as an important mutation signature of pathogenicity for genomic disorders and cancer genomes, its architecture remains unresolved and is predicted to display at least four structural variation (SV) haplotypes.ResultsHere we studied the genomic architecture of DUP-TRP/INV-DUP by investigating the genomic DNA of 24 patients with neurodevelopmental disorders identified by array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) on whom we found evidence for the existence of 4 out of 4 predicted SV haplotypes. Using a combination of short-read genome sequencing (GS), long- read GS, optical genome mapping and StrandSeq the haplotype structure was resolved in 18 samples. This approach refined the point of template switching between inverted LCRs in 4 samples revealing a DNA segment of ∼2.2-5.5 kb of 100% nucleotide similarity. A prediction model was developed to infer the LCR used to mediate the non-allelic homology repair.ConclusionsThese data provide experimental evidence supporting the hypothesis that inverted LCRs act as a recombinant substrate in replication-based repair mechanisms. Such inverted repeats are particularly relevant for formation of copy-number associated inversions, including the DUP-TRP/INV-DUP structures. Moreover, this type of CGR can result in multiple conformers which contributes to generate diverse SV haplotypes in susceptibleloci.
Spiral NeuroString: High-Density Soft Bioelectronic Fibers for Multimodal Sensing and Stimulation
Authors: Khatib Muhammad , Zhao Eric Tianjiao , Wei Shiyuan , Abramson Alex , Bishop Estelle Spear , Chen Chih-Hsin , Thomas Anne-Laure , Xu Chengyi , Park Jaeho , Lee Yeongjun , Hamnett Ryan , Yu Weilai , Root Samuel E. , Yuan Lei , Chakhtoura Dorine , Kim Kyun Kyu , Zhong Donglai , Nishio Yuya , Zhao Chuanzhen , Wu Can , Jiang Yuanwen , Zhang Anqi , Li Jinxing , Wang Weichen , Salimi-Jazi Fereshteh , Rafeeqi Talha A. , Hemed Nofar Mintz , Tok Jeffrey B.-H. , Chen Xiaoke , Kaltschmidt Julia A. , Dunn James C.Y. , Bao Zhenan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBioelectronic fibers hold promise for both research and clinical applications due to their compactness, ease of implantation, and ability to incorporate various functionalities such as sensing and stimulation. However, existing devices suffer from bulkiness, rigidity, limited functionality, and low density of active components. These limitations stem from the difficulty to incorporate many components on one-dimensional (1D) fiber devices due to the incompatibility of conventional microfabrication methods (e.g., photolithography) with curved, thin and long fiber structures. Herein, we introduce a fabrication approach, “spiral transformation″, to convert two-dimensional (2D) films containing microfabricated devices into 1D soft fibers. This approach allows for the creation of high density multimodal soft bioelectronic fibers, termed Spiral NeuroString (S-NeuroString), while enabling precise control over the longitudinal, angular, and radial positioning and distribution of the functional components. We show the utility of S-NeuroString for motility mapping, serotonin sensing, and tissue stimulation within the dynamic and soft gastrointestinal (GI) system, as well as for single-unit recordings in the brain. The described bioelectronic fibers hold great promises for next-generation multifunctional implantable electronics.
A tale of two springs: contrasting forest soundscapes during the COVID-19 lockdown (2020) and after the record snowstorm Filomena (2021) from Central Spain
Authors: Ortiz-Álvarez Rüdiger , Leiva-Dueñas Carmen 
Published: October 2023

AbstractDuring the COVID-19 pandemic, humanity temporarily retired from the outdoors. The strict lockdown measures in Spain coincided with the onset of the nesting season of birds, thriving in an unusually quiet environment. Here, we have recorded in forests near San Lorenzo de El Escorial (Central Spain) during the lockdown period in 2020, and the closer to normal spring in 2021. We found strong differences in soundscapes by recording year and location, regardless of the effects of meteorology and human mobility. Species altered their behaviour by increasing their calling intensity during 2021 to cope with higher noise levels, however, acoustic activity was generally less diverse and complex. The difference between years was particularly detrimental for the highest-pitched biophony in 2021. We interpret that an extreme snowfall, Filomena, may have caused a mortality event with lasting effects in the community during the 2021 spring. Since extreme climatic events are likely going to keep happening in the area due to climate change, our data is a useful baseline to guide future conservation efforts, and examine how our activity and climate change are changing the soundscapes of Spanish Mediterranean forests.
ID transcription factors regulate the ability of Müller glia to become proliferating neurogenic progenitor-like cells
Authors: Taylor Olivia B. , Patel Snehal P. , Hawthorn Evan C. , El-Hodiri Heithem M. , Fischer Andy J. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate how ID transcription factors (TFs) regulate the ability of Müller glia (MG) to reprogram into proliferating MG-derived progenitor cells (MGPCs) in the chick retina. We found thatID1is transiently expressed by maturing MG, whereasID4is upregulated and maintained in maturing MG in embryonic retinas. In mature retinas,ID4was prominently expressed by resting MG, but in response to retinal damageID4was rapidly upregulated and then downregulated in MGPCs. By contrast,ID1, ID2andID3were low in resting MG and then upregulated by MGPCs. Inhibition of ID TFs following retinal damage decreased numbers of proliferating MGPCs. Inhibition of IDs after the proliferation of MGPCs significantly increased numbers of progeny that differentiate as neurons. In damaged or undamaged retinas inhibition of IDs increased levels of p21Cip1in MG. In response to damage or insulin+FGF2 levels ofCDKN1Amessage and p21Cip1protein were decreased, absent in proliferating MGPCs, and elevated in MG returning to a resting phenotype. Inhibition of Notch- or gp130/Jak/Stat-signaling in damaged retinas increased levels of ID4 but not p21Cip1in MG. AlthoughID4is the predominant isoform expressed by MG in the chick retina,id1andid2aare predominantly expressed by resting MG and downregulated in activated MG and MGPCs in zebrafish retinas. We conclude that ID TFs have a significant impact on regulating the responses of MG to retinal damage, controlling the ability of MG to proliferate by regulating levels of p21Cip1, and suppressing the neurogenic potential of MGPCs.
Streptococcus agalactiaeandEscherichia coliInduce Distinct Effector γδ T Cell Responses During Neonatal Sepsis
Authors: Witt Lila T. , Greenfield Kara G. , Knoop Kathryn A. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractNeonates born prematurely are highly vulnerable to life-threatening conditions such as bacterial sepsis.Streptococcus agalactiae, also known as group BStreptococcus(GBS) andEscherichia coliare frequent causative pathogens of neonatal sepsis, however, it remains unclear if distinct sepsis pathogens induce differential adaptive immune responses. In the present study, we find that γδ T cells in neonatal mice rapidly respond to single-organism GBS andE. colibloodstream infections and that these pathogens induce distinct activation and cytokine production from IFN-γ and IL-17 producing γδ T cells, respectively. We also report differential reliance on γδTCR signaling to elicit effector cytokine responses during neonatal sepsis, with IL-17 production duringE. coliinfection being driven by γδTCR signaling, and IFN-γ production during GBS infection occurring independently of γδTCR signaling. Furthermore, we report that the divergent effector responses of γδ T cells during GBS andE. coliinfections impart distinctive neuroinflammatory phenotypes on the neonatal brain. The present study reveals that the neonatal adaptive immune system differentially responds to distinct bacterial stimuli, resulting in unique neuroinflammatory phenotypes.
BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine-induced sex differences in the single-cell transcriptome of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in healthy adults
Authors: Knapp Johannes D , Bhargava Aditi 
Published: October 2023

SummaryIntroductionMen reportedly experience more severe disease and adverse outcomes from COVID-19, including death. Women report more adverse events (AEs) after vaccination in general. While few studies have addressed sex-specific risk factors or molecular mechanisms behind COVID-19, none have examined sex differences in the response to COVID-19 vaccination.MethodsWe searched AE reporting databases to find sex differences specific to COVID-19 vaccines. We analyzed public datasets to identify baseline sex differences in gene expression across cell types and time points, and sex differences in the response to the second BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine dose.ResultsSex differences in AE rates for mRNA vaccines equaled those for other non-mRNA vaccines. T cells and monocytes showed the greatest number of sexually dimorphic genes. Platelet counts in the study population differed significantly before vaccination (3.6% in females vs 1.8% in males) but not after the second BNT162b2 dose (7.2% vs 7.3%). There were no notable sex differences in the expression of key genes induced by the second dose after exclusion of platelets. BNT162b2 dose 2-specific APOBEC3Ahighmonocytes and the dose 2-induced gene signature persisted for longer in women. Glucocorticoid-responsiveTSC22D3, CEBPB/DandDDIT4were specifically induced in females; the voltage-gated potassium channel regulatory subunitKCNE3was specifically induced in males.ConclusionsThis sexual dimorphism in both X-linked and autosomal gene transcriptome in PBMCs after mRNA COVID-19 vaccination might explain fatigue, autoimmune, and neurological AEs reported after vaccination at different rates in women and men.
mitoBKCais functionally expressed in murine and human breast cancer cells and potentially contributes to metabolic reprogramming
Authors: Bischof Helmut , Maier Selina , Koprowski Piotr , Kulawiak Bogusz , Burgstaller Sandra , Jasińska Joanna , Serafimov Kristian , Zochowska Monika , Gross Dominic , Schroth Werner , Matt Lucas , Juarez Lopez David Arturo , Zhang Ying , Bonzheim Irina , Büttner Florian A. , Fend Falko , Schwab Matthias , Birkenfeld Andreas L. , Malli Roland , Lämmerhofer Michael , Bednarczyk Piotr , Szewczyk Adam , Lukowski Robert 
Published: October 2023

SummaryAlterations in the function of K+channels such as the voltage- and Ca2+activated K+channel of large conductance (BKCa) reportedly promote breast cancer (BC) development and progression. Underlying molecular mechanisms remain, however, elusive. Here, we provide electrophysiological evidence for a BKCasplice variant localized to the inner mitochondrial membrane of murine and human BC cells (mitoBKCa). Through a combination of genetic knockdown and knockout along with cell permeable BKCachannel blocker, we show that mitoBKCamodulates overall cellular and mitochondrial energy production and mediates the metabolic rewiring referred to as the “Warburg effect”, thereby promoting BC cell proliferation in the presence and absence of oxygen. Additionally, we detect mitoBKCaand BKCatranscripts in low or high abundance, respectively, in clinical BC specimens. Together, our results emphasize, that targeting mitoBKCacould represent a treatment strategy for selected BC patients in future.
Accurate cryo-EM protein particle picking by integrating the foundational AI image segmentation model and specialized U-Net
Authors: Gyawali Rajan , Dhakal Ashwin , Wang Liguo , Cheng Jianlin 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPicking protein particles in cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) micrographs is a crucial step in the cryo-EM-based structure determination. However, existing methods trained on a limited amount of cryo-EM data still cannot accurately pick protein particles from noisy cryo-EM images. The general foundational artificial intelligence (AI)-based image segmentation model such as Meta’s Segment Anything Model (SAM) cannot segment protein particles well because their training data do not include cryo-EM images. Here, we present a novel approach (CryoSegNet) of integrating an attention-gated U-shape network (U-Net) specially designed and trained for cryo-EM particle picking and the SAM. The U-Net is first trained on a large cryo-EM image dataset and then used to generate input from original cryo-EM images for SAM to make particle pickings. CryoSegNet shows both high precision and recall in segmenting protein particles from cryo-EM micrographs, irrespective of protein type, shape, and size. On several independent datasets of various protein types, CryoSegNet outperforms two top machine learning particle pickers crYOLO and Topaz as well as SAM itself. The average resolution of density maps reconstructed from the particles picked by CryoSegNet is 3.32 Å, 7% better than 3.57 Å of Topaz and 14% better than 3.85 Å of crYOLO.
Parrot politics: social decision-making in wild parrots relies on both individual recognition and intrinsic markers
Authors: Penndorf J. , Farine D. R. , Martin J. M. , Aplin L. M. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractDominance hierarchies are generally thought to form over time via memory of repeated interactions. However, dominance hierarchies are also occasionally reported in species with fission-fusion social dynamics, where individuals may encounter large numbers of individuals, leading to incomplete social information. It it has been alternatively proposed that the complex decision-making required in these circumstances may lead to increased selection for social cognition and memory, or to the evolution of mixed strategies that rely on memory for interaction with familiars and status signals for strangers.Here, test these competing hypotheses by recording social associations and aggressive interactions in a highly social, large-brained parrot, the sulphur-crested cockatoo(Cacatua galerita). We followed 411 individuals across three neighbouring roost sites, where individuals exhibit stable dominance hierarchies within roosts, alongside a high degree of fission-fusion dynamics within roosts and regular between-roost movements.We found evidence that sulphur-crested cockatoos use a two-fold social strategy when initiating or reacting to an aggression. For familiar individuals, aggressions were initiated or escalated based on rank difference. When facing less familiar individuals, decisions to interact — or escalate — were based on the relative weight, with interactions directed towards, and more likely to escalate between, individuals of similar weight.Our results suggest that social knowledge remains an important determinant of aggressive interactions in highly fission-fusion systems, but that individuals can dynamically incorporate other potential cues of competitive ability when knowledge is lacking.
Diagnostic Potential of Shallow Depth Gut Metagenomics Sequencing for Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk Stratification
Authors: Sing Justin C. , Whitley Owen , Davis Sachin 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundCardiovascular disease, specifically atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ACVD), presents a burden on society in terms of financial resources and quality of life that is only expected to grow in the coming years. Current diagnostic methods lack the sensitivity or specificity to confidently screen for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and are either costly, invasive, or both. Building on previous research linking ACVD to changes in the microbiome, we hypothesized that one could build a machine learning classifier for ACVD that makes use of shallow depth microbiome data.Methods and FindingsRaw metagenomics Illumina paired end sequencing data was downloaded from the European Bioinformatics Institute (EBI) public database under accession ERP023788. The dataset includes 383 Han Chinese subjects of which 170 are control subjects and 214 are ACVD subjects. The raw sequencing data was subsampled using seqtk to generatein silicoshallow depth datasets at various depths. Each subsampled experiment was processed through KneadData for quality control, and finally relative abundances were acquired through Kraken2. Based onin-silicodown sampling experiments, we demonstrate that species level information is still captured at read depths as low as 50K reads per sample, consistent with current literature. In addition, the shallow depth data (50K) contains relevant taxa information for stratification of ACVD patients. Differential expression analysis identified a variety ofStreptococcusspecies andEscherichia colienriched in ACVD patients and a few low abundanceBacteroidesspecies in ACVD patients, which have been previously reported.ConclusionHere, using publicly available data, we show within silicoexperiments that species-level microbiome information is preserved at low sequencing depths that would allow a screening or diagnostic tool to be cost-competitive with currently used methods such as stress ECGs and stress ECHO tests. Additionally, we show that we can indeed make a microbiome-based model with performance metrics comparable to or better than front-line or mid-tier tests.