bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A methodological study of computerized venous strain‐gauge plethysmography of the upper extremities
Authors: Persson Lena M. , Arnhjort Thomas , Haneby Caroline , Lärfars Gerd , Rosfors Stefan 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThis study was performed to assess the efficiency of computerized strain‐gauge plethysmography for evaluation of venous volume (VV) and outflow capacity of the upper extremities and to receive reference values. For this purpose, we investigated 34 healthy controls; 16 males and 18 females with a mean age of 45 years (range 31–58 years). These results were compared with those obtained in 32 patients with earlier spontaneous deep venous thrombosis (DVT) in the upper extremities. In the control group, there was no difference between right and left arm and none of the variables were influenced by age and gender. Venous volume and rate of venous emptying (VE) were significantly lower in arms with earlier DVT than in those without (VV: DVT arms 3·7 ± 0·96 ml 100ml−1 and controls 4·6 ± 0·81 ml 100ml−1; VE: DVT arms 79 ± 24 ml 100ml−1 min−1 and controls 110 ± 21 ml 100ml−1 min−1). Repeated measurements had a coefficient of variation of approximately 10% in both groups. We found the device easy to handle and the results demonstrates that this is a useful method to study venous function in upper extremities. This implicates that computerized strain‐gauge plethysmography is an efficient method both for clinical diagnostic routine and research studies of circulatory changes in acute and chronic DVT in the upper extremity.
Flowering Phenology and Genetic Similarity among Local and Recently Introduced Populations of Andropogon gerardii in Ohio
Authors: Selbo Sarena M. , Snow Allison A. 
Published: August 2005

Abstract In Ohio and elsewhere, recent grassland plantings in the federal Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) have become much more extensive than native prairie remnants. The seed source for CRP grasslands in Ohio often comes from as far away as Missouri or Texas, which may be undesirable from the standpoint of conservation genetics. The goal of this study was to examine the potential for gene flow from large, recently introduced populations of Big bluestem (Andropogon gerardii, Poaceae) to small local populations of this outcrossing perennial species. We examined the potential for cross‐pollination between three local populations and three introduced CRP populations by comparing flowering phenologies. Flowering times overlapped extensively, indicating that cross‐pollination is possible where local and introduced genotypes co‐occur. To compare genetic variation in local and CRP populations, we analyzed variation at 68 RAPD loci in six populations of each type. Somewhat surprisingly, we found no significant differences in the genetic diversity or composition between the two groups (local vs. CRP). In summary, we found that local and introduced populations of Big bluestem have the potential to interbreed, based on their flowering periods, but further research is needed to determine whether local genotypes harbor unique genetic variation that could be jeopardized by hybridization with introduced genotypes.
Plant Functional Group Diversity as a Mechanism for Invasion Resistance
Authors: Pokorny Monica L. , Sheley Roger L. , Zabinski Catherine A. , Engel Richard E. , Svejcar Tony J. , Borkowski John J. 
Published: August 2005

Abstract A commonly cited mechanism for invasion resistance is more complete resource use by diverse plant assemblages with maximum niche complementarity. We investigated the invasion resistance of several plant functional groups against the nonindigenous forb Spotted knapweed (Centaurea maculosa). The study consisted of a factorial combination of seven functional group removals (groups singularly or in combination) and two C. maculosa treatments (addition vs. no addition) applied in a randomized complete block design replicated four times at each of two sites. We quantified aboveground plant material nutrient concentration and uptake (concentration × biomass) by indigenous functional groups: grasses, shallow‐rooted forbs, deep‐rooted forbs, spikemoss, and the nonindigenous invader C. maculosa. In 2001, C. maculosa density depended upon which functional groups were removed. The highest C. maculosa densities occurred where all vegetation or all forbs were removed. Centaurea maculosa densities were the lowest in plots where nothing, shallow‐rooted forbs, deep‐rooted forbs, grasses, or spikemoss were removed. Functional group biomass was also collected and analyzed for nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and sulphur. Based on covariate analyses, postremoval indigenous plot biomass did not relate to invasion by C. maculosa. Analysis of variance indicated that C. maculosa tissue nutrient percentage and net nutrient uptake were most similar to indigenous forb functional groups. Our study suggests that establishing and maintaining a diversity of plant functional groups within the plant community enhances resistance to invasion. Indigenous plants of functionally similar groups as an invader may be particularly important in invasion resistance.
Effects of Flooding Regime and Seedling Treatment on Early Survival and Growth of Nuttall Oak
Authors: Burkett Virginia R. , Draugelis‐Dale Rassa O. , Williams Hans M. , Schoenholtz Stephen H. 
Published: August 2005

Abstract Effects of flooding on survival and growth of three different types of Nuttall oak (Quercus texana Buckl.) seedlings were observed at the end of third and fifth growing seasons at Yazoo National Wildlife Refuge, Mississippi, U.S.A. Three types of seedlings were planted in January 1995 in a split‐plot design, with four replications at each of two elevations on floodprone, former cropland in Sharkey clay soil. The lower of the two planting elevations was inundated for 21 days during the first growing season, whereas the higher elevation did not flood during the 5‐year period of this study. The three types of 1‐0 seedlings were bareroot seedlings, seedlings grown in containers (3.8 × 21–cm plastic seedling cones), and container‐grown seedlings inoculated with vegetative mycelia of Pisolithus tinctorius (Pers.) Coker. Survival of all the three seedling types was greatest at the lower, intermittently flooded elevation, indicating that drought and related effects on plant competition were more limiting to seedling survival than flooding. At the lower elevation, survival of mycorrhizal‐inoculated container seedlings was greater than that of noninoculated container seedlings. Survival among bareroot seedlings and inoculated container seedlings was not significantly different at either elevation. At the higher, nonflooded elevation, however, bareroot seedling survival was greater than the survival of container seedlings without inoculation. Differences were significant among the inoculated and the noninoculated container seedlings, with higher survival of inoculated seedlings at both elevations, though differences were only significant in year 3. At the end of the fifth year, height of bareroot seedlings was significantly greater than the heights of both types of container‐grown seedlings at both planting elevations. Because seedlings grown in the plastic seedlings cones did not survive better than the bareroot seedlings at either planting elevation, the bareroot stock appear to be the economically superior choice for regeneration in Sharkey soil.
Maintaining Critical Habitat in a Heavily Managed Landscape: Effects of Power Line Corridor Management on Karner Blue Butterfly (Lycaeides melissa samuelis) Habitat
Authors: Forrester Jodi A. , Leopold Donald J. , Hafner Sasha D. 
Published: August 2005

Abstract The Karner blue butterfly (KBB) (Lycaeides melissa samuelis), a federally listed species, has historically been a component of barren and savannah ecosystems in the northeastern and midwestern United States. In New York, it now occurs primarily on managed, early‐successional sites such as power line corridors (utility rights‐of‐way) from Albany to Glens Falls. Blue lupine (Lupinus perennis), the exclusive larval food source of the KBB, has been suggested to be the most limiting factor for the butterfly within the eastern portion of its range. Power line corridor management maintains early‐successional habitats by suppressing the regrowth of woody species, creating potentially important habitat for the conservation and restoration of the KBB complex. This research compared the effects of several vegetation‐clearing methods on Blue lupine populations and associated communities of nectar species for KBB over an 8‐year period. Methods evaluated differed in intensity (annual, 4‐, or 8‐year intervals) and type (herbicide or mechanical). Blue lupine and plant community responses did not significantly differ among the treatment types applied to the power line corridors. However, Blue lupine cover, clump size, and density of stems per clump increased following the application of treatments in general. The number and cover of nectar species, total herbaceous cover, and species richness also responded positively to treatment overall. The percentage of non‐native species temporarily increased following treatment but declined to near pre‐treatment levels again as woody cover increased. Temporal changes in plant community composition were not related to management methods. The management tools assessed, mowing and herbicide application, will accomplish the goal of halting or reversing succession, maintaining critical habitat for the KBB in a landscape that provides little other suitable habitat.
The Potential for Created Oyster Shell Reefs as a Sustainable Shoreline Protection Strategy in Louisiana
Authors: Piazza Bryan P. , Banks Patrick D. , La Peyre Megan K. 
Published: August 2005

Abstract Coastal protection remains a global priority. Protection and maintenance of shoreline integrity is often a goal of many coastal protection programs. Typically, shorelines are protected by armoring them with hard, non‐native, and nonsustainable materials such as limestone. This study investigated the potential shoreline protection role of created, three‐dimensional Eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica) shell reefs fringing eroding marsh shorelines in Louisiana. Experimental reefs (25 × 1.0 × 0.7 m; intertidal) were created in June 2002 at both high and low wave energy shorelines. Six 25‐m study sites (three cultched and three control noncultched) were established at each shoreline in June 2002, for a total of 12 sites. Shoreline retreat was reduced in cultched low‐energy shorelines as compared to the control low‐energy shorelines (analysis of variance; p < 0.001) but was not significantly different between cultched and noncultched sites in high‐energy environments. Spat set increased from 0.5 ± 0.1 spat/shell in July 2002 to a peak of 9.5 ± 0.4 spat/shell in October 2002. On average, oyster spat grew at a rate of 0.05 mm/day through the duration of the study. Recruitment and growth rates of oyster spat suggested potential reef sustainability over time. Small fringing reefs may be a useful tool in protecting shorelines in low‐energy environments. However, their usefulness may be limited in high‐energy environments.
Hydrologic, Edaphic, and Vegetative Responses to Microtopographic Reestablishment in a Restored Wetland
Authors: Bruland Gregory L. , Richardson Curtis J. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractMicrotopography is a characteristic feature of many natural wetlands that is commonly lacking in restored wetlands (RWs). Consequently, it has been suggested that microtopography must be reestablished in RWs to accelerate the development of wetland function. The objective of this research was to examine responses of hydrology, soils, and vegetation to microtopographic reestablishment at a 3‐year‐old RW site in North Carolina. Microtopography was reestablished by configuring hummocks (mounds) and hollows (depressions), on otherwise level terrain (flats) of intermediate elevation. For most of the 2003 growing season, mean water table depths were below the soil surface in the flats and 10 cm above the soil surface in the hollows. Analysis of variance revealed significant microtopography by time interactions for soil temperature (p< 0.05) and moisture (p< 0.001), indicating that differences between zones were not consistent throughout the growing season. Hummocks had significantly higher nitrate (p< 0.0001) and ammonium (p= 0.001) than flats and hollows for most of the growing season. Differences in microbial biomass carbon and denitrification enzyme activity across the microtopographic zones were not detected. Plant species richness was significantly different (p< 0.001) across the microtopographic zones, with hummocks < hollows < flats. Flats supported the greatest numbers of wetland species. Aboveground biomass differed significantly (p< 0.001) across the microtopographic zones and followed a different pattern than richness: hummocks < flats < hollows, owing to the growth of emergent wetland herbs in hollows.
Centaurea solstitialis Invasion Success Is Influenced by Nassella pulchra Size
Authors: Reever Morghan Kimberly J. , Rice Kevin J. 
Published: August 2005

Abstract Replacement of perennial grasses with non‐native annual grasses in California's Central Valley grasslands and foothills has increased deep soil water availability. Yellow starthistle (Centaurea solstitialis), a deep‐rooted invasive thistle, can use this water to invade annual grasslands. Native perennial bunchgrasses, such as Purple needlegrass (Nassella pulchra), also use deep soil water, so there is an overlap in resource use between N. pulchra and C. solstitialis. Restoration of N. pulchra to annual grasslands could result in strong competitive interactions between N. pulchra and C. solstitialis, which may reduce survival, growth, and reproduction of the invader. The strength of this competitive interaction can increase as N. pulchra plants mature, increase in size, and develop more extensive root systems. We studied how the size of N. pulchra affected the success of C. solstitialis invasion over 2 years. We allowed C. solstitialis seed to fall naturally into plots containing N. pulchra plants. For each plot, we measured the number of C. solstitialis seedlings and mature plants, as well as C. solstitialis biomass and seedhead production. In both years of the study, C. solstitialis number, biomass, and seedhead production declined significantly as N. pulchra size increased. However, even C. solstitialis grown with the largest N. pulchra plants produced some seed, especially during the higher rainfall year. We conclude that restoration plantings with larger, established N. pulchra plants will be more resistant to invasion by C. solstitialis than young N. pulchra plantings, but site management must continue as long as a C. solstitialis seed source is present.
Long‐Term Effects of Biosolids on Revegetation of Disturbed Sagebrush Steppe in Northwestern Colorado
Authors: Paschke Mark W. , Topper Karl , Brobst Robert B. , Redente Edward F. 
Published: August 2005

Abstract A study was conducted to evaluate the long‐term effects of biosolids amendment on restoration of disturbed sagebrush steppe habitat in northwestern Colorado. Twenty‐four years after biosolids amendment, soil fertility and plant community development were studied in replicated plots receiving various biosolids amendments on two different substrates. The two substrates used were a subsoil, determined to have low initial fertility, and a topsoil over retorted shale substrate, determined to have relatively high initial fertility. Results suggest that biosolids amendments have long‐lasting effects on soil fertility and plant community composition, but these effects vary between the two substrates that were utilized. Within the plots established on subsoil, the long‐term effect of biosolids was a reduction in plant species diversity and dominance by perennial grasses. On the topsoil substrate, there was a decrease in perennial grasses and an increase in shrub dominance with increasing biosolids. Results demonstrate the importance of considering initial soil conditions, seed mixture, and biosolids application rate when using biosolids for restoration of disturbed sagebrush steppe habitat. The long‐term effects of the biosolids treatments at this site demonstrate the need to consider restoration treatment effects over longer and more ecologically meaningful time frames.
A Climate‐Based Approach to the Restoration of Fire‐Dependent Ecosystems
Authors: Beckage Brian , Platt William J. , Panko Bob 
Published: August 2005

Abstract Recurrent fires are integral to the function of many ecosystems worldwide. The management of fire‐frequented ecosystems requires the application of fire at the appropriate frequency and seasonality, but establishing the natural fire regime for an ecosystem can be problematic. Historical records of fires are often not available, and surrogates for past fires may not exist. We suggest that the relationship between climate and fire can provide an alternative means for inferring past fire regimes in some ecosystems.
Fire and Litter Effects on Seedling Establishment in Western Oregon Upland Prairies
Authors: Maret Mary P. , Wilson Mark V. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractPrescribed burning is an important tool for managing and restoring prairies and other ecosystems. One effect of fire is plant litter removal, which can influence seedling establishment. Four experimental treatments (burned, clipped and raked to remove litter, burned with litter reapplied, and unmanipulated) were applied to 2 × 2.5–m plots in three western Oregon, United States, upland prairies to determine how burning affects seedling establishment. Seeds of common exotic and native prairie species were sowed into the experimental plots after treatments. Seedlings were censused the following spring. The experiment was repeated on each of the three sites, representing three common types of prairie vegetation: an Annual Exotic Grass site, a Perennial Exotic Grass site, and a Native Bunchgrass site. In both the Annual Exotic Grass and the Perennial Exotic Grass sites, burning significantly improved native, but not exotic, seedling establishment over those on unburned plots. Litter removal was a significant component of this burn effect, particularly on the Perennial Exotic Grass site. In these winter‐moist systems, the net effect of litter is to inhibit seedling establishment. Burning treatments on the Native Bunchgrass site significantly increased seedling establishment only of short‐lived exotic species. These results suggest that in prairie ecosystems similar to the Annual and Perennial Exotic Grass sites, prescribed burning followed by sowing native seeds can be an effective restoration technique. Burning alone or sowing alone would be counter‐productive, in the first case because increased establishment would come from exotic species and in the second case because establishment rates are low in unburned plots.
Restoration Success: How Is It Being Measured?
Authors: Ruiz‐Jaen Maria C. , Mitchell Aide T. 
Published: August 2005

Abstract The criteria of restoration success should be clearly established to evaluate restoration projects. Recently, the Society of Ecological Restoration International (SER) has produced a Primer that includes ecosystem attributes that should be considered when evaluating restoration success. To determine how restoration success has been evaluated in restoration projects, we reviewed articles published in Restoration Ecology (Vols. 1[1]–11[4]). Specifically, we addressed the following questions: (1) what measures of ecosystem attributes are assessed and (2) how are these measures used to determine restoration success. No study has measured all the SER Primer attributes, but most studies did include at least one measure in each of three general categories of the ecosystem attributes: diversity, vegetation structure, and ecological processes. Most of the reviewed studies are using multiple measures to evaluate restoration success, but we would encourage future projects to include: (1) at least two variables within each of the three ecosystem attributes that clearly related to ecosystem functioning and (2) at least two reference sites to capture the variation that exist in ecosystems.
Brush Allodynia in Hospitalized Headache Patients
Authors: Young William B. , Richardson Elizabeth S. , Shukla Pragati 
Published: August 2005

Objective.—To describe the incidence and time course of dynamic mechanical allodynia (brush allodynia, BA) in an inpatient headache population.Background.—Four types of cutaneous allodynia (heat, cold, static mechanical [pressure], and dynamic mechanical [brush] allodynia) can be studied in headache patients. In episodic migraineurs, the development of cutaneous allodynia heralds a change in treatment response. However, little is known about the functional significance of BA, and little is known about the frequency of any type of cutaneous allodynia among patients with chronic or more severe headache disorders.Methods.—The protocol was approved by the institutional review board of our university hospital. A total of 78 subjects were tested for allodynia on days 1, 3, and 5 of an inpatient hospital stay using a 4 × 4 folded gauze pad stroked 10 times at three bilateral sites (forehead, jaw, and forearm). Subjects were queried about the signs and symptoms of their headaches. Headache intensity was graded with a verbal 11‐point scale and the intensity of allodynia was graded using a 10 cm visual analog scale.Results.—A total of 61 patients had transformed migraine (TM). BA was present at some point during the hospitalization in 32 subjects (41%). Neither age nor duration of daily headache correlated with headache severity. Headache intensity, a history of sensory symptoms or weakness, and subjective blurred vision accompanying the headache correlated with the presence of BA (P≤ .05). Unilateral headaches were more likely to be associated with BA (P= .01), independent of headache severity. When headache was unilateral, BA was greatest ipsilateral to the headache. BA did not influence outcome as measured by length of stay or the likelihood of being discharged headache‐free. The rate of decline of headache intensity and allodynia score were similar.Conclusion.—BA is common in hospitalized headache patients. Subjects with more severe unilateral headaches were more likely to have BA. The presence of BA did not predict treatment failure in an inpatient setting.