bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bond behavior and cyclic stress–slip relationship of the posttensioned strand at precast concrete beam–column joints
Authors: Shi Hai‐Rong , Feng De‐Cheng , Zeng Bin , Wang Chun‐Lin 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe seismic and progressive collapse resistances of bonded prestressed precast concrete structures are significantly impacted by the bond behavior between the strand and grout. Pullout tests were conducted on 10 uncoated single‐strand specimens, each with a diameter of 15.2 mm and an embedment length of 1500 mm. The bond behavior of specimens with various prestress levels under monotonic or cyclic loading protocols was investigated. The test results revealed that strain penetration occurred at the embedded strand when additional tensile stress was applied on the loaded end. The bond stress at the strain penetration depth was almost linearly distributed, with a mean value of 1.15 MPa. Additionally, the bond behavior was observed to be consistently constant under different prestress levels and loading protocols. The envelope of the cyclic stress–end slip curve closely resembled the corresponding monotonic result. To model the strain penetration effect, a strand stress–end slip model was established based on the bond–slip relationship between the strand and grout. Its accuracy was confirmed by comparison against test results and reported data, particularly from the perspectives of the hysteresis behavior as well as the end slips corresponding to the yield and rupture of the strand.
Integrating Systems Methodologies for Australian Undersea Surveillance: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Milledge Timothy J. , Pradhan Biswajeet , Shukla Nagesh 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTAustralia is a maritime nation, relying on access to its surrounding oceans for its economy and security. The Royal Australian Navy conducts undersea surveillance to monitor this vital maritime environment and gain insight into activities beneath the ocean's surface. Australia's maritime jurisdiction is vast, with the world's third‐largest Economic Exclusion Zone, but its resources are constrained, with only 5% of the United States’ defense budget and navy personnel. Fortunately, advancements in unmanned vehicles and networked sensors can address this disparity by increasing the capacity of Australia's naval fleet at a fraction of the cost of manned platforms. However, current applications of unmanned systems only address simplified scenarios without defining how the plethora of unmanned systems should be applied across the full spectrum of surveillance operations. A new naval fleet architecture must be designed using systems methodologies to integrate unmanned systems into this holistic “system of systems”. Systems engineering, systems architecture, system modeling, system dynamics, operations research, and design for Six Sigma are complementary methodologies with unique techniques to solve this complex problem. This systematic literature review critically analyzed current unmanned systems and the utility of systems methodologies to design their application in undersea surveillance. It contributes insights into the benefits and challenges of unmanned systems in Australia's maritime context, whilst demonstrating shortcomings with the currently disparate application of methodologies to design unmanned fleet architectures. Further research is justified to design an integrated framework of systems methodologies that designs fleet architectures for Australian undersea surveillance.
Taxonomy in the light of incongruence: An updated classification of Malvales and Malvaceae based on phylogenomic data
Authors: Colli‐Silva Matheus , Pérez‐Escobar Oscar Alejandro , Ferreira Carlos D.M. , Costa Maria T.R. , Gerace Samuele , Coutinho Thales Silva , Yoshikawa Vania N. , Antonio‐Domingues Higor , Hernández‐Gutiérrez Rebeca , Bovini Massimo G. , Duarte Marília C. , Cheek Martin , Chase Mark W. , Fay Michael F. , Christenhusz Maarten J.M. , Dorr Laurence J. , Schoeplein Cleo , Corcoran Marcella , Roy Shyamali , Cable Stuart , McLay Todd , Maurin Olivier , Forest Félix , Baker William J. , Antonelli Alexandre 
Published: January 2025

AbstractMalvales is a diverse order of flowering plants, economically and ecologically relevant, and it is known for its broad morphological variability. Recent phylogenomic studies have revealed a complex evolutionary history for the order, including localised phylogenetic discordances among nuclear loci. However, since the late 1990s, Malvales classification has largely been neglected. This study aims to address this gap by revisiting the classification of Malvales, with a focus on its largest family, Malvaceae. By integrating phylogenomic and morphological datasets, our primary goals are to provide an updated phylogeny for the order and to map key traits supporting a revised suprageneric classification, while accounting for gene and species tree conflicts. Our molecular dataset included 194 genera and 309 nuclear genes, obtained through target sequence capture using Angiosperms353 probes. This dataset covers approximately half of the known genera in the order, representing all families and subfamilies, as well as nearly all tribes, and all subtribes. A coalescent approach utilising nuclear gene trees was used to infer phylogenetic relationships. A morphological matrix with 50 characters relevant for suprageneric classification was compiled, and character‐state distributions for selected traits were mapped against the phylogenetic tree to identify and discuss diagnostic features for clades. Phylogenetic relationships and the monophyly of most groups aligned closely with previous studies. Morphological traits that define key clades varied significantly across Malvales, with differences observed in growth habit, leaf structure, pollen type, floral features, and fruit/seed morphology. In Malvaceae, we resolved uncertainties in the early Malvoideae lineages, and we describe a new tribe, Pentaplareae tr. nov., which clarifies the taxonomic placement of a previously uncertain genus. Additionally, we propose the recognition of a new subfamily, Matisioideae subfam. nov., elevated from its former status as a tribe, and positioned as the sister group to Malvoideae. This study highlights how taxonomic frameworks can be refined even in the face of conflicting phylogenomic data, demonstrating the importance of integrating molecular and morphological evidence in revising classifications.
A novel quantitative trait locus for barley yellow dwarf virus resistance and kernel traits on chromosome 2D of a wheat cultivar Jagger
Authors: Bian Ruolin , Liu Na , Xu Yuzhou , Su Zhenqi , Chai Lingling , Bernardo Amy , St. Amand Paul , Rupp Jessica , Pumphrey Michael , Fritz Allan , Zhang Guorong , Jordan Katherine W. , Bai Guihua 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBarley yellow dwarf (BYD) is one of the most serious viral diseases in cereal crops worldwide. Identification of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) underlining wheat resistance to barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) is essential for breeding BYDV‐tolerant wheat cultivars. In this study, a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population was developed from the cross between Jagger (PI 593688) and a Jagger mutant (JagMut1095). A linkage map of 3106 cM consisting of 21 wheat chromosomes was developed using 1003 unique single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from the RIL population and was used to identify QTLs for BYDV resistance and yield‐related traits, including 1000‐kernel weight (TKW), kernel area (KA), kernel width (KW), and kernel length (KL). QByd.hwwg‐2DL, a QTL on chromosome arm 2DL for BYDV resistance, was consistently identified in three field experiments and explained 11.6%–44.5% of the phenotypic variation. For yield‐related traits, six major and repeatable QTLs were identified on 1AS (QKa.hwwg‐1AS), 2DL (QTkw.hwwg‐2DL, QKa.hwwg‐2DL, QKw.hwwg‐2DL, and QKl.hwwg‐2DL), and 5AL (QKw.hwwg‐5AL). The major QTLs on chromosome 2DL for TKW, KA, KW, and KL were mapped between 621 and 643 Mb, overlapping with QByd.hwwg‐2DL with all the favorable alleles from Jagger. This study reports the first native BYDV resistance QTL (QByd.hwwg‐2DL) originating from common wheat and tightly linked markers to the QTL for improvement of wheat BYDV resistance in wheat breeding.
Pattern of injury in polytrauma compared to single limb related Lisfranc joint fractures
Authors: Orji Chijioke , Airey Grace , Myatt Darren , Greasley Lauren , Jeyaseelan Lucky , Drummond Isabella , Mangwani Jitendra , Boksh Khalis , Kyaw Htin , Tanaka Hiro , Elbannan Mamdouh , Mason Lyndon 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Midfoot fractures in polytrauma patients are often an underappreciated injury relative to their other major injuries sustained. In this study, our aim was to explore the mechanisms and patterns of injury in polytrauma related midfoot fractures as compared to single limb injuries.

Setting
Multicentre observational study.

Methods
Data was retrospectively collected from four centres (two major trauma centres and two trauma units) on surgically treated midfoot fracture dislocations between 2011 and 2021. Polytrauma was defined as a patient presenting with an Injury Severity Score (ISS) threshold of 15 or greater. Radiographs were analysed using departmental PACS. All statistics were performed using SPSS 26.

Results
A total of 410 cases were included in the study. The rate of unstable midfoot injury was similar to simple falls, falls from height, crush injury, assault, sport and seizure. The only mechanisms that differ are a higher rate of midfoot injury in non-polytrauma patients undergoing a simple fall (19.71% vs. 6.78%) and higher rates of midfoot injury in polytrauma patients following motor vehicle collision (16.86% vs. 33.90%). Regarding patterns of injury, there was a significant increase in number of columns injured in polytrauma patients (polytrauma patient 3 column injury 77.97%, non-polytrauma patient 3 column injury 34.00%). There was no difference in the prevalence of central column injury (p = .623), although there were significantly more medial and lateral column injuries in the polytrauma group (p < .001 for both).

Conclusion
Polytrauma related Lisfranc joint midfoot injuries have a higher prevalence of medial and lateral column injury than non-polytrauma Lisfranc joint midfoot injuries. Non-polytrauma injuries can, however, have an equally significant force involved as polytrauma patients, with over 50% occurring as the result of high velocity injury. A high index of suspicion should be maintained for midfoot injuries in high velocity mechanisms, regardless of other injuries sustained.
Predictors of prolonged hospitalization among geriatric trauma patients using the modified 5-Item Frailty index in a Middle Eastern trauma center: an 11-year retrospective study
Authors: Abdelrahman Husham , El-Menyar Ayman , Consunji Rafael , Khan Naushad Ahmad , Asim Mohammad , Mustafa Fouad , Shunni Adam , Al-Aieb AbuBaker , Al-Thani Hassan , Rizoli Sandro 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Using a validated tool, we explored the prevalence, risk factors, and predictors of longer hospitalization among hospitalized geriatric patients.

Methods
Retrospective and comparative analyses of age groups (55–64 vs. ≥ 65 years), gender, survival status, and frailty index categories were performed. The Modified 5-Item Frailty Index was assessed, and multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to predict prolonged hospitalization (> 7 days).

Results
There were 17,600 trauma hospitalizations with a mean age of 32 ± 15 years between 2010 and 2021; of them, 9.2% were geriatrics at ≥ 55–64 years (n = 935) and ≥ 65 years (n = 691). The female/male ratio was 17.5%/82.5%, and the mean injury severity score was 13 ± 9. The injury rate for age ≥ 65 was 24 per 10,000 compared to 10 per 10,000 in the younger group age (≥ 55–64). 35% of injuries occurred at home due to falls. Overall mortality was 8%, with a higher rate among males than females (9% vs. 4%). The deceased were three years older at the time of death compared to the survivors. Higher frailty grades were associated with home-related falls and head injuries. Patients 65 years or older were likely to have higher frailty scores, as indicated by higher percentages in the mFI-5. Among the older group, 25% were moderately frail, and 18% severely frail. In the younger group, 50% were frail. Higher frailty scores correlated with increased acute kidney injury, pneumonia, urinary tract infections, and longer hospital stays. Severe frailty significantly predicted longer hospitalization (odds ratio 1.83, p = 0.007).

Conclusion
One out of eleven trauma admissions was aged > 55. Head injury and bleeding were the leading causes of mortality in the study cohort. There was a significant decrease in the trend of geriatric trauma over the years. The modified FI-5 performs well as a predictive tool of prolonged hospitalizaion in trauma patients with different age groups.
Long-term results of staged management of complex lisfranc and chopart injury: a retrospective cohort study and systematic literature review
Authors: Engelmann Esmee W. M. , Halm Jens A. , Schepers Tim 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Purpose
The aim was to assess the long-term functional outcome and quality of life after staged surgical treatment of complex Lisfranc and Chopart injuries in a patient cohort, and to perform a systematic review of the literature.

Methods
A retrospective cohort of all trauma patients with complex Lisfranc and/or Chopart injuries treated at our level 1 trauma center between July 1, 2010, and July 1, 2020 with ≥ 3 years follow-up was analyzed in terms of management, complications, and patient-reported outcomes (American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society midfoot score, AOFAS and Foot Function Index, FFI). A systematic review of the literature (according to PRISMA 2020 guidelines) was performed of studies published between January 2000 to April 2024. Inclusion criteria were acute, complex Lisfranc and/or Chopart injury, staged treatment, age ≥ 17 years, patient-reported outcome measures and ≥ 1 year follow-up.

Results
Fifteen patients with a median follow-up of 6.6 years (interquartile range 4) were included. First stage treatment involved temporary K-wire fixation (n = 11), debridement (open fractures, n = 4), external fixation (n = 4) and decompression fasciotomy (n = 3). Second stage included primary arthrodesis (n = 4), open reduction and internal fixation (n = 7) or external fixation (n = 1). The median number of surgeries was 3 (2–13). Infection was seen in 5/15 patients; 7/11 patients underwent secondary arthrodesis and one patient underwent amputation due to chronic pain. Overall AOFAS was fair (54.5) and five patients had poor outcome (AOFAS < 49). Three full-length articles were included in the systematic review, reporting fair to good outcome. Risk of bias was serious and certainty of evidence very low.

Conclusion
Surgical management of complex Lisfranc and Chopart injuries is challenging, functional outcome was poor to fair, postoperative complication rates are high, and secondary salvage arthrodesis was required in two thirds of ORIF patients.

Level of evidence
IV
Surgical stabilisation of rib fractures in non-ventilated patients: a retrospective propensity-matched analysis using the data from the trauma registry of the German Trauma Society (TraumaRegister DGUⓇ)
Authors: Huelskamp Michael D. , Duesing Helena , Lefering Rolf , Raschke Michael J. , Rosslenbroich Steffen ,   TraumaRegister DGU
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Purpose
Severe thorax trauma including multiple rib fractures and flail chest deformity are leading causes of death in trauma patients. Increasing evidence supports the use of surgical stabilisation of rib fractures (SSRF) in these patients. However, there is currently a paucity of evidence for its use in non-ventilator-dependent patients.

Methods
A retrospective propensity-matched analysis of the data of the TraumaRegister DGU® for non-ventilator-dependent patients with severe rib injury (abbreviated injury score ≥ 3) was performed. Subgroup analyses with respect to injury severity score, American society of anaesthesiologists physical status classification and age were performed. Furthermore, the effect of time to surgery was analysed.

Registration
TR-DGU project ID 2023-007; ClinicalTrials.gov protocol ID: NCT06464289.

Results
SSRF led to reduced mortality compared to conservative treatment (1.6% vs. 4.8%; p = 0.002) and in comparison to the mortality prognosis of the revised injury severity classification II (RISC II) of 5.2%. Interestingly, SSRF was associated with increased length of hospital and intensive care unit stay, higher rates of organ failure and secondary intubation. The patients with organ failure received SSRF later than those without organ failure.

Conclusion
Here we report on the largest currently published dataset of non-intubated patients receiving SSRF, which showed reduced mortality in the SSRF cohort. The data indicates that SSRF is a viable treatment option for non-intubated patients. The observed late surgical time points, which may be due to cross over after failed conservative treatment, might be the cause for the observed increased rate of organ failure.
Effects of osteosynthesis of the bony thorax in the context of polytrauma compared to conservative treatment: a systematic review
Authors: Dahms Karolina , Volmerig Jan , Dormann Julia , Steinfeld Eva , Ansems Kelly , Janka Heidrun , Metzendorf Maria-Inti , Benstoem Carina 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Purpose
Osteosynthesis seems to have effects regarding clinical outcomes in trauma patients. However, current knowledge on chest wall osteosynthesis in polytrauma patients is insufficient, leaving its potential unanswered. Therefore, the objective of this systematic review is to assess the safety and effects of chest wall osteosynthesis compared to conservative treatment on clinical outcomes in adult polytrauma patients.

Methods
We searched PubMed to identify completed and ongoing studies from inception of each database to May, 2022. We included systematic reviews including RCTs comparing chest wall osteosynthesis to conservative treatment in adult polytrauma patients.

Results
We included one RCT with 50 patients (nosteosyntheses = 25, ncontrol = 25, median age 37.4 years, 82% male). We found that surgical rib fixation makes little or no difference to in-hospital mortality compared to conservative treatment (RR 2.00, 95% CI 0.40 to 9.95; RD 80 more per 1,000, 95% CI 48 fewer to 716 more; 1 study, 50 participants, low quality of evidence). We found that surgical rib fixation makes little or no difference to the need for mechanical ventilation compared to conservative treatment (RR 0.90, 95% CI -0.66 to 1.23; RD 80 fewer per 1,000, 95% CI 272 fewer to 184 more; 1 study, 50 participants, low certainty of evidence).

Conclusion
There is limited evidence regarding chest wall osteosynthesis compared to conservative treatment in polytrauma patients. One RCT shows no effect of surgical rib fixation compared to conservative treatment regarding mortality and clinical status, but a potential benefit regarding ICU length of stay.
More Than Meets the Eye: Unraveling the Interactions Between Skin Microbiota and Habitat in an Opportunistic Amphibian
Authors: Lucia Zanovello , Giulio Galla , Matteo Girardi , Stefano Casari , Irene Lo Presti , Paolo Pedrini , Giorgio Bertorelle , Hauffe Heidi C. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
With amphibians still holding the record as the most threatened class of terrestrial vertebrates, their skin microbiota has been shown to play a relevant role in their survival in a fast-changing world. Yet little is known about how abiotic factors associated with different aquatic habitats impact these skin microorganisms. Here we chose the yellow-bellied toad (Bombina variegata), a small anuran that colonizes a wide range of wetland habitats, to investigate how the diversity and composition of both its bacterial and fungal skin communities vary across different habitats and with water characteristics (temperature, pH, and dissolved oxygen) of these habitats. Skin microbiota was sampled from 14 sites in the Province of Trento (Italy), including natural pools, ephemeral ponds, irrigation tanks, and farm ponds. Interestingly, the diversity of the two microbial components was also highly correlated. Close associations between both the diversity and composition of water and skin communities were noted for each habitat and sampling site, suggesting that water bodies actively contribute to the skin microbiota assemblage. In addition, water pH, temperature, and dissolved oxygen affected both bacterial and fungal diversity of skin. We confirmed the presence of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis in skin samples of animals collected from eight waterbodies, as well as more than 60 microbial taxa previously associated with resistance to this pathogen. We concluded that both skin bacterial and fungal communities appear to be influenced by each other as well as by environmental communities and conditions, and these relationships connecting the whole ecosystem should be considered in future research concerning amphibian conservation.
Early-phase 18F-Flortaucipir tau-PET as a proxy of brain metabolism in Alzheimer’s disease: a comparison with 18F-FDG-PET and early-phase amyloid-PET
Authors: Boccalini Cecilia , Peretti Debora Elisa , Mathoux Gregory , Iaccarino Leonardo , Ribaldi Federica , Scheffler Max , Perani Daniela , Frisoni Giovanni B. , Garibotto Valentina 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Purpose
As dual-phase amyloid-PET can evaluate amyloid (A) and neurodegeneration (N) with a single tracer injection, dual-phase tau-PET might be able to provide both tau (T) and N. Our study aims to assess the association of early-phase tau-PET scans and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET and their comparability in discriminating Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients and differentiating neurodegenerative patterns.

Methods
58 subjects evaluated at the Geneva Memory Center underwent dual-phase 18F-Flortaucipir-PET with early-phase acquisition (eTAU) and 18F-FDG-PET within 1 year. A subsample of 36 participants also underwent dual-phase amyloid-PET (eAMY). Standardized uptake value ratios (SUVRs) were calculated to assess the correlation of eTAU and their respective 18F-FDG-PET and eAMY scans. Hypometabolism and hypoperfusion maps and their spatial overlap were also evaluated at the individual level visually and semiquantitatively. Receiver operating characteristic analyses were performed to compare the discriminative power of eTAU, FDG, and eAMY SUVR between A-/T- and A+/T + participants.

Results
Strong positive correlations were found between eTAU and FDG SUVRs (r = 0.84, p < 0.001) and eTAU and eAMY SUVRs (r > 0.87, p < 0.001). Clusters of significant hypoperfusion with good correspondence to hypometabolism topographies were found at the individual level, independently of the underlying neurodegenerative patterns. Both eTAU and FDG SUVRs significantly distinguished A+/T + from A-/T- individuals (AUCeTAU=0.604, AUCFDG=0.748) with FDG performing better than eTAU (p = 0.04). eAMY and eTAU SUVR showed comparable discriminative power.

Conclusion
Early-phase 18F-Flortaucipir-PET can provide perfusion information closely related to brain regional glucose metabolism and perfusion measured by early-phase amyloid-PET, even if less accurate than FDG-PET as a biomarker for neurodegeneration.