bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Photoplastic effect in polycarbonate using tensile deformation
Authors: Sharma Sandhya , Bajpai R. , Chandra B.P. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractThe studies on photoplastic effect of polycarbonate has helped significantly in understanding the elastoplastic behavior of polycarbonate. When a plastically deformed specimen (polcarbonate) is suddenly illuminated with light of proper wavelength, a decrease in flow stress is observed, deformation leads to the softening, of specimen, i.e., to the negative photoplastic effect obtained at room temperature. On switching off, deformation stress reaches its level in the dark. The studies on the negative photoplastic effect mechanism can offer ways to control the properties of photoelectronic devices. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 90: 2703–2707, 2003
A novel biodegradable antimicrobial PU foam from wattle tannin
Authors: Ge Jinjie , Shi Xinghai , Cai Meiqin , Wu Rui , Wang Min 
Published: September 2003

AbstractA new kind of polyurethane (PU) foam was synthesized from wattle tannin (WT), which has good prospects of application for its biodegradation and bacteriostasis. The effects of WT content, diisocyanate dosage, and chemical modification of WT on properties of PU were investigated. It was found that WT could contribute not only to bacteriostatic activity, but also to biodegradability during soil micro‐organism treatment for the polyurethane foams. Furthermore, the bacteriostasis of PU is improved by modifying the chemical structure of WT. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 90: 2756–2763, 2003
Permeability of semicrystalline polymers to toluene/methanol mixture
Authors: Gagnard Christelle , Germain Yves , Keraudren Patrick , Barrière Benoît 
Published: September 2003

AbstractIn this article, we analyze the effect of the alcohol content in gasoline on the permeability of four semicrystalline polymers used in automobile fuel systems. More specifically, we are interested in the methanol/toluene mixture as a “binary” model of a complex gasoline to understand the selectivity brought about, in front of these solvents, by the nature of the polymer. We developed a permeation cell coupled to a chromatograph to analyze the composition of escaping toluene and methanol. These experiments allow us to demonstrate the strong “positive synergy” that exists between the flows of the methanol and the toluene when they are mixed, compared to the flows of these solvents on their own. This phenomenon is notably highlighted on polymers of very different kinds (PA12, PVDF, HDPE, EVOH) and, in light of recent theoretical developments, we can consider that this property is general, because this “positive synergy” is a consequence of the evolution of the solubility of the mixture of solvents in the polymer film, and more particularly, of the highly positive value of the Flory‐Huggins interaction coefficient between methanol and toluene. These experimental data allow one to better understand and predict the permeability behavior of the polymers in front of complex gasolines. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 90: 2727–2733, 2003
Comparison between the thermal and microwave curing of bismaleimide resin
Authors: Zainol Ismail , Day Richard , Heatley Frank 
Published: September 2003

AbstractMicrowave energy was used to cure Matrimid 5292A bismaleimide resin. The degree of cure at different cure times was determined with differential scanning calorimetry. A comparison was made with the same resin cured in a conventional oven. The resin cured faster in the microwave oven than in the conventional oven. The glass‐transition temperature (Tg) depended on the degree of cure. The samples cured with a conventional oven showed slightly higher Tg's than the microwave‐cured samples at higher degrees of cure. At low degrees of cure, the two heating methods yielded materials with similar Tg's. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and solid‐state cross‐polarity/magic‐angle‐spinning 13C NMR spectroscopy were used to investigate the cured structures. There was no difference in the chemical reactions taking place during the microwave cure and the thermal cure. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 90: 2764–2774, 2003
Effect of plasticizers in poly(vinyl alcohol)‐based hybrid solid polymer electrolytes
Authors: Rajendran S. , Sivakumar M. , Subadevi R. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractHybrid solid polymer electrolyte films consisting of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), LiBF4, and ethylene carbonate/propylene carbonate (EC/PC) were prepared with a solvent‐casting technique. The complexation was investigated with Fourier transform infrared and X‐ray diffraction. The ionic conductivities of the electrolyte films were determined with an alternating‐current impedance technique for various temperatures in the range of 302–373 K. The maximum conductivity value, 1.2886 × 10−3 S/cm, was observed for a PVA–PMMA–LiBF4–EC complex. Thermogravimetry/differential thermal analysis was performed to ascertain the thermal stability of the electrolyte with the maximum conductivity value. For an examination of the cyclic and reversible performance of the film, a cyclic voltammetry study was carried out. The surface morphology of the EC‐and PC‐based electrolytes was examined with scanning electron microscopy. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 90: 2794–2800, 2003
Effect of the crosslinking degree on curing kinetics of an epoxy–acid copolymer system
Authors: Heba F. , Mouzali M. , Abadie M. J. M. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractThe hardening of a commercial epoxy resin (DGEBA) with the cure of high molecular weight acid copolymers was studied using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The systems were uncured and partially cured epoxy/poly(acrylic acid–styrene) (SAAS), at different contents of styrene. The conversion degree of the crosslinking of the systems, examined versus time, temperature of hardening, and styrene contents in the copolymers, were determined. The activation energies of the crosslinking reactions were calculated by the Freeman–Carrol relation and showed a dependence on the state of hardening. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 90: 2834–2839, 2003
Preparation and characterization of titanium oxide‐densified cellulose beads for expanded bed adsorption
Authors: Lei Yin‐Lin , Lin Dong‐Qiang , Yao Shan‐Jing , Zhu Zi‐Qiang 
Published: September 2003

AbstractExpanded bed adsorption (EBA) has been widely used in industrial downstream bioprocessing. Solid matrix is the principal pillar supporting the successful application of the EBA. A new type of TiO2‐densified cellulose beads as matrix for EBA is exploited through the method of water‐in‐oil suspension thermal regeneration. The typical physical properties of beads are wet density 1.21 g/cm3, specific surface area 38.7 m2/mL, porosity 83.7%, and water content 69.5%. The results indicate that the custom‐assembled matrix can be derivated to function as an anion exchanger for EBA, by possessing a significant mechanical strength, stable hydrodynamics, and comparable protein breakthrough capacities with the commercial Streamline diethylaminoethyl (DEAE) adsorbent. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 90: 2848–2854, 2003
Polymerization of 4‐(4′‐N‐1,8‐naphthalimidophenyl)‐1,2,4‐triazolidine‐3,5‐dione with diisocyanates
Authors: Mallakpour Shadpour , Rafiee Zahra 
Published: September 2003

Abstract4‐(4′‐Aminophenyl)‐1,2,4‐triazolidine‐3,5‐dione (1) was reacted with 1,8‐naphthalic anhydride (2) in a mixture of acetic acid and pyridine (3 : 2) under refluxing temperature and gave 4‐(4′‐N‐1,8‐naphthalimidophenyl)‐1,2,4‐triazolidine‐3,5‐dione (NIPTD) (3) in high yield and purity. The compound NIPTD was reacted with excess n‐propylisocyanate in N,N‐dimethylacetamide solution and gave 1‐(n‐propylamidocarbonyl)‐4‐[4′‐(1,8‐naphthalimidophenyl)]‐1,2,4‐triazolidine‐3,5‐dione (4) and 1,2‐bis(n‐propylamidocarbonyl)‐4‐[4′‐(1,8‐naphthalimidophenyl)]‐1,2,4‐ triazolidine‐3,5‐dione (5) as model compounds. Solution polycondensation reactions of monomer 3 with hexamethylene diisocyanate (HMDI), isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), and tolylene‐2,4‐diisocyanate (TDI) were performed under microwave irradiation and conventional solution polymerization techniques in different solvents and in the presence of different catalysts, which led to the formation of novel aliphatic‐aromatic polyureas. The polycondensation proceeded rapidly, compared with conventional solution polycondensation, and was almost completed within 8 min. These novel polyureas have inherent viscosities in a range of 0.06–0.20 dL g−1 in conc. H2SO4 or DMF at 25°C. Some structural characterization and physical properties of these novel polymers are reported. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 90: 2861–2869, 2003
Development of the larval nervous system of the gastropod Ilyanassa obsoleta
Authors: Dickinson Amanda J.G. , Croll Roger P. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractGastropods have been well studied in terms of early cell cleavage patterns and the neural basis of adult behaviors; however, much less is known about neural development in this taxon. Here we reveal a relatively sophisticated larval nervous system in a well‐studied gastropod, Ilyanassa obsoleta. The present study employed immunocytochemical and histofluorescent techniques combined with confocal microscopy to examine the development of cells containing monoamines (serotonin and catecholamine), neuropeptides (FMRFamide and leu‐enkephalin related peptides), and a substance(s) reactive to antibodies raised against dopamine beta‐hydroxylase. Neurons were first observed in the apical organ and posterior regions during the embryonic trochophore stage. During later embryonic development neurons appeared in peripheral regions such as the foot, velum, and mantle and in the developing ganglia destined to become the adult central nervous system. In subsequent free‐swimming veliger stages the larval nervous system became increasingly elaborate and by late larval stages there existed ∼26–28 apical cells, 80–100 neurons in the central ganglia, and 200–300 peripherally located neurons. During metamorphosis some populations of neurons in the apical organ and in the periphery disappeared, while others were incorporated into the juvenile nervous system. Comparisons of neural elements in other molluscan larvae reveal several similarities such as comparable arrangements of cells in the apical organ and patterns of peripheral cells. This investigation reveals the most extensive larval nervous system described in any mollusc to date and information from this study will be useful for future experimental studies determining the role of larval neurons and investigations of the cellular and molecular mechanisms governing neural development in this taxon. J. Comp. Neurol. 466:197–218, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Parcellation of cortical afferents to three distinct sectors in the parahippocampal gyrus of the rhesus monkey: An anatomical and neurophysiological study
Authors: Blatt Gene J. , Pandya Deepak N. , Rosene Douglas L. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractThe posterior parahippocampal gyrus (PHG) of the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) is comprised of three distinct cortical areas based on cytoarchitecture, connectivity, and neurophysiological response properties. Fluorescent retrograde tracers placed in each PHG area demonstrated unique patterns of cortical afferent input to areas TH, TL, and TF. Area TF receives inputs from the multimodal cortices of the superior temporal sulcus including areas PGa, TPO, and MST, from the visuospatial parietal area PG‐Opt, and from visual areas V3A and dorsal V4. Area TL receives afferents from the inferotemporal region including visual areas TE1 and TE2 as well as from areas TEa, IPa, and FST in the lower bank and depth of the superior temporal sulcus. In contrast, the input to area TH is from the rostral part of superior temporal gyrus, including the auditory association areas TS1‐3, and from the middle sector of area TPO in the superior temporal sulcus. Frontal and cingulate areas also project to the PHG in largely differential patterns. To further investigate this a correlative electrophysiological study of the three PHG areas resulted in a confirmation of these differential cortical inputs such that visually responsive neurons were found in areas TF and TL, auditory responsive neurons or bimodal auditory/visual‐responsive neurons in area TH, and somatosensory‐responsive neurons at the TF/TL border. Since each PHG area also receives differential hippocampal input, these data suggest that the processing of unimodal or multimodal information may be related to memory processing functions that are largely segregated within areas TH, TL, and TF. J. Comp. Neurol. 466:161–179, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Morphological analysis of disabled‐1‐immunoreactive amacrine cells in the guinea pig retina
Authors: Lee Eun‐Jin , Kim Hyun‐Ju , Kim In‐Beom , Park Jae‐Hyung , Oh Su‐Ja , Rickman Dennis W. , Chun Myung‐Hoon 
Published: September 2003

AbstractDisabled‐1 (Dab1) is an adapter molecule in a signaling pathway, stimulated by reelin, that controls cell positioning in the developing brain. It localizes to selected neurons in the nervous system, including the retina, and Dab1‐like immunoreactivity is present in AII amacrine cells in the mouse retina. This study was conducted to characterize Dab1‐labeled cells in the guinea pig retina in detail using immunocytochemistry, quantitative analysis, and electron microscopy. Dab1 immunoreactivity is present in a class of amacrine cell bodies located in the inner nuclear layer adjacent to the inner plexiform layer (IPL). These cells give rise to processes that ramify the entire depth of the IPL. Double‐labeling experiments demonstrated that these amacrine cells make contacts with the axon terminals of rod bipolar cells and that their processes make contacts with each other via connexin 36 in sublamina b of the IPL. In addition, all Dab1‐labeled amacrine cells showed glycine transporter 1 immunoreactivity, indicating that they are glycinergic. The density of Dab1‐labeled AII amacrine cells decreased from about 3,750 cells/mm2 in the central retina to 1,725 cells/mm2 in the peripheral retina. Dab1‐labeled amacrine cells receive synaptic inputs from the axon terminals of rod bipolar cells in stratum 5 of the IPL. From these morphological features, Dab1‐labeled cells of the guinea pig retina resemble the AII amacrine cells described in other mammalian species. Thus, the rod pathway of the guinea pig retina follows the general mammalian scheme and Dab1 antisera can be used to identify AII amacrine cells in the mammalian retina. J. Comp. Neurol. 466:240–250, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Intercellular interactions in the mammalian olfactory nerve
Authors: Blinder Karen J. , Pumplin David W. , Paul D.L. , Keller Asaf 
Published: September 2003

AbstractThe small, unmyelinated axons of olfactory sensory neurons project to the olfactory bulb in densely packed fascicles, an arrangement conducive to axo‐axonal interactions. We recently demonstrated ephaptic interactions between these axons in the olfactory nerve layer, the layer of the olfactory bulb in which the axon fascicles interweave and rearrange extensively. In the present study, we hypothesized that the axons, which express connexins, may have another mode of communication: gap junctions. Previous transmission electron microscopy (TEM) studies have failed to demonstrate such junctions. However, the definitive method for detecting gap junctions, freeze fracture, has not been used to examine the interaxonal connections of the olfactory nerve layer. Here, we apply a combined approach of TEM and freeze fracture to determine if gap junctions are present between the olfactory axons. Gap junctions involving olfactory axons were not found. However, by freeze fracture, P faces of both the axons and ensheathing cells (glia that surround the axon fascicles) contained distinctive linear arrays of particles, aligned along the small columns of extracellular space. In axons, few intramembranous particles were present outside of these arrays. Multi‐helix proteins, including ion channels and connexin hemichannels, have been shown to be visible as particles by freeze fracture. This suggests that the proteins important for signal transmission are confined to the linear arrays. Such an arrangement would facilitate ephaptic transmission, calcium waves, current oscillations, and paracrine communication and may be important for olfactory neural code processing. J. Comp. Neurol. 466:230–239, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Collateralization of climbing and mossy fibers projecting to the nodulus and flocculus of the rat cerebellum
Authors: Ruigrok Tom J.H. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractCollateralization of mossy and climbing fibers was investigated using cortical injections of cholera toxin b‐subunit in the rat vestibulocerebellum. Injections were characterized by their retrograde labeling within the inferior olive. Collateral labeling was plotted using color‐coded density profiles of the whole cerebellar cortex. Injections in the medial part of the nodulus resulted in olivary labeling that was restricted to the rostral part of the dorsal cap. Climbing fiber collaterals were found in medial and lateral nodular zones as well as in the ventral paraflocculus and adjacent flocculus. Injections in the intermediate part of the nodulus resulted in olivary labeling of the β‐subnucleus but could also involve the ventrolateral outgrowth. In the latter case, climbing fiber collaterals were found in the two floccular zones and in a small region in the lateral‐most part of crus I. All nodular injections showed a bilaterally symmetric distribution of collateral mossy fiber rosettes that was mostly confined to the vestibulocerebellum and originated predominantly from the vestibular nuclei. Injections in the flocculus labeled the caudal part of the dorsal cap and/or the ventrolateral outgrowth. Mossy fiber rosettes were observed throughout the vestibulocerebellum but also included other regions of the cerebellar cortex in a bilaterally symmetric pattern corresponding with a more widespread precerebellar origin. Climbing fibers originating in the rostral dorsal cap, labeled from an injection in the ventral paraflocculus, collateralize to a medial and lateral zone in the nodulus. Climbing fiber collaterals were usually accompanied by subjacent labeling of mossy fiber rosettes. These results demonstrate that some nodular and floccular zones are related and, at least partially, share a common input. J. Comp. Neurol. 466:278–298, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Topological degree for a mean field equation on Riemann surfaces
Authors: Chen Chiun‐Chuan , Lin Chang‐Shou 
Published: September 2003

AbstractWe consider the following mean field equations:

where M is a compact Riemann surface with volume 1, h is a positive continuous function on M, ρ is a real number,

and where Ω is a bounded smooth domain, h is a C1 positive function on Ω, and ρ ∈ ℝ. Based on our previous analytic work [14], we prove, among other things, that the degree‐counting formula for (0.1) is given by () for ρ ∈ (8mπ, 8(m + 1)π). © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Nontopological N‐vortex condensates for the self‐dual Chern‐Simons theory
Authors: Nolasco Margherita 
Published: September 2003

AbstractWe prove the existence of nontopological N‐vortex solutions for an arbitrary number N of vortex points for the self‐dual Chern‐Simons‐Higgs theory with 't Hooft “periodic” boundary conditions. We use a shadowing‐type lemma to glue together any number of single vortices obtained as a perturbation of a radially symmetric entire solution of the Liouville equation. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Sub‐optimal control of structures
Authors: Cai Guo‐Ping , Sun Feng 
Published: September 2003

AbstractIt is well known that the classical optimal control method requires all the state variables of the controlled system to be measurable and available for control feedback. However, for a high‐order or complex system some state variables are possibly unmeasurable in practice. In addition, the control cost will be higher if more sensors are used, because it is expensive to install sensors. On the other hand, when using the optimal control method with full‐state feedback, some state variables in control feedback have only a small effect on control performance. Neglecting these state variables does not affect the control performance greatly. Good control effectiveness can be obtained by using only the state variables that have a big effect on the control performance. So the questions become how to determine those state variables which have a big effect on the control performance? and how to design the optimal controller using only the determined state variables?The discrete sub‐optimal control method with partial‐state feedback is investigated in this paper. Firstly, the continuous control system and performance index are both transformed into discrete forms. Then the state variables, which have a big effect on the control performance, are determined using the second‐order sensitivity which is the second‐order derivative of the performance index with respect to control gain. The sub‐optimal controller is finally designed using only the determined state variables. Numerical examples are worked out to demonstrate the application of the proposed control algorithm. It is shown that the relative importance of each state variable can be indicated clearly by the second‐order sensitivity. The sub‐optimal control method presented is effective in reducing maximum responses of the structure. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The non‐stationary cross‐correlation coefficients in the seismic analysis of MDOF structural systems
Authors: Falsone Giovanni , Neri Fabio 
Published: September 2003

AbstractA method concerning the evaluation, in a very compact form, of the non‐stationary modal cross‐correlation coefficients of MDOF structural systems subjected to seismic excitations is presented. It is available both in the case when the excitation is considered as a white‐noise process and when it is considered as a filtered process. The evaluation of these coefficients is required when a transient seismic analysis is performed by the use of the modal response spectrum approach. This is necessary when the strong‐motion phase of the earthquake is significantly short with respect to the fundamental period of the structure. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Predictive instantaneous optimal control of elastic structures during earthquakes
Authors: Wong Kevin K. F. , Yang Rong 
Published: September 2003

AbstractA predictive instantaneous optimal control (PIOC) algorithm is proposed for controlling the seismic responses of elastic structures. This algorithm compensates for the time delay that happens in practical control applications by predicting the structural response over a period that equals the time delay, and by substituting the predicted response in the instantaneous optimal control (IOC) algorithm. The unique feature of this proposed PIOC algorithm is that it is simple and at the same time compensates for the time delay very effectively. Numerical examples of single degree of freedom structures are presented to compare the performance of PIOC and IOC systems for various time delay magnitudes. Results show that a time delay always causes degradation of control efficiency, but PIOC can greatly reduce this degradation compared to IOC. The effects of the structure's natural periods and the choice of control gains on the degradation induced by the time delay are also analyzed. Results show that shorter natural periods and larger control gains are both more sensitive and more serious to the degradation of control efficiency. Finally, a practical application of PIOC is performed on a six‐story moment‐resisting steel frame. It is demonstrated that PIOC contributes significantly to maintain stability in multiple degree of freedom structures, and at the same time PIOC has a satisfactory control performance. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.