bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Über Wasserstoff‐ und Kohlendioxydaufnahme durch pyrophorisches Eisen, Nickel und Kobalt
Authors: Nikitin N. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractDer Mangel an genauen Angaben über die Oberflächengrößen verschiedener feinverteilter Metallpulver läßt keine sichere Vergleichung ihrer Aufnahmefähigkeit in bezug auf die Gase zu. Die Oberflächengröße hängt nicht nur von spezifischen Eigenschaften des gegebenen Metalls ab, sondern auch von seiner Reduktionstemperatur und den in kristallinischen Pulvern enthaltenen Beimengungen. Diese letzteren verhindern das Zusammensintern der Metallpulver. So verschiebt eine geringe Beimengung von A1203, in zu reduzierendem Eisenoxyd die Grenze des Verlustes der Pyrophorität des Eisens bis 7OO‐75O°. Künstliche Beimengung von ständigen Oxyden zu Nickeloxyd (durch gleichzeitiges Niederschlagen) muß in dieser Hinsicht bei Reduktion des letzteren für katalytische Zwecke von Nutzen sein.
Über Adsorption Nr. II. Kinetische Theorie der Gasadsorption
Authors: Magnus A. 
Published: January 2005

Abstract1. Als kritische Adsorptionstemperatur C′ wurde diejenige Temperatur bezeichnet, bei der die Adsorptionswärme null wird und keine Adsorption mehr stattfindet. C′ steht in innigem Zusammenhange mit der Konstanten C von LORENZ und LANDÉ.
Bemerkungen zur Ferroeisenbestimmung
Authors: Dittler E. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractEs wurde ein einfach und schnell auszuführendes Verfahren angegeben, den Sulfidschwefel der zersetzlichen Kiese zu bestimmen; Mengen von nur 0,01 g Magnetkies können bei sorgfältiger Ausführung der Versuche noch mit Sicherheit erfaßt werden. Das Verfahren kann dam dienen, die Bestimmung des metallischen Eisens und die Ferroeisenbestimmung in Meteoriten und Gesteinen sicherer au gestalten, wenn diese größere Mengen an solchen Kiesen enthalten.
Untersuchungen über die Löslichkeit des Lanthanhydroxyds
Authors: Sadolin Erik 
Published: January 2005

AbstractFällt man Lanthanhydroxyd aus einer Chloridlösung mit einer starken Base, so erhält man sogleich eine kolloidale Fällung von folgender Zusammensetzung:

x nimmt mit abnehmender Chlorid‐ und mit steigender Hydroxylionenkonzentration ab. Man erhält selbst mit einer ganz geringfügigen Basenmenge eine Fällung in Form einer Opalescenz. Lösliche basische Ionen, z. B. LaOH++, scheinen deshalb nicht gebildet zu werden.
The context of clinical judgment: The effect of resource availability on judgments of amenability to treatment in juvenile offenders
Authors: Mulvey Edward P. , Reppucci N. Dickon 
Published: January 2005

ConclusionThe present study demonstrates that the contextual factors of resource availability and agency setting may have a significant, systematic relationship to assessments of potential treatment outcome. The value of this finding is not to debunk the idea of the objective clinician one more time but, instead, to provide leads regarding the possible factors worth further investigation in constructing models of clinical judgment. We are aware that clinicians do not necessarily “optimize” (Simon, 1976) when making treatment recommendations, but we know very little about the influences that structure the clinician's compromises in clinical judgment. A clearer understanding of this judgment process may come, however, as a result of applying a model that considers the clinician as a practitioner of human judgment, much of which is an adapative response to contextual influences (Hogarth, 1981; Nisbett & Ross, 1980).
Guillain‐Barré syndrome and Hodgkin's disease: Three cases with immunological studies
Authors: Lisak Robert P. , Mitchell Madeline , Zweiman Burton , Orrechio Edward , Asbury Arthur K. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractA cell‐mediated autoimmune reaction to peripheral nervous system (PNS) antigens is widely held to be important in the pathogenesis of Guillain‐Barré syndrome (GBS). We report GBS in 3 patients with Hodgkin's disease in whom we were able to demonstrate partial immunosuppression using in vivo and in vitro methods. Because GBS has been associated with other conditions in which degrees of immunosuppression may ocur (organ transplantation, viral syndromes, systemic lupus erythematosus, postoperative states, and pregnancy), we suggest that under certain circumstances, partial and perhaps transient immunosuppression could serve as one contributing factor in triggering an autoimmune disease of the PNS.
Febrile convulsions caused by meningitis in young children
Authors: Ratcliffe John C. , Wolf Sheldon M. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe records of 325 children with meningitis were examined retrospectively. Of the 43 children who presented with seizures, 15 lacked signs of meningeal irritation; of these, 4 had additional sources of infection and 3 had had a prior febrile seizure. Of the 15 patients without signs of meningeal irritation, 5 were over 2 years of age; in 8, the meningitis was bacterial. The seizures were usually brief and generalized.
Encephalopathy associated with cryoprecipitable Australia antigen
Authors: Rosenberg Roger N. , Neuwelt Edward A. , Kirkpatrick Joel , Kohler Peter 
Published: January 2005

AbstractA 19‐year‐old white woman with urticaria, arthralgias, and hepatitis B–associated antigen in her serum developed a progressive encephalopathy despite only mild hepatic dysfunction. The patient's serum at 4°C produced a cryoprecipitate containing the hepatitis B–associated antigen and its antibody. Serum complement levels were borderline low. At autopsy, gross and histological examination of the brain revealed only mild residual cerebral edema. Indirect immunofluorescent studies of the cerebral cortex and choroid plexus showed no evidence of immune complex deposition. The patient's progressive encephalopathy may have been related to the presence of cryoprecipitable hepatitis B antigen, a relationship not previously reported.
Polyradiculoneuropathy accompaning procainamide‐induced lupus erythematosus: Evidence for drug‐induced enhanced sensitization to peripheral nerve myelin
Authors: Sahenk Z. , Mendell J. R. , Rossio J. L. , Hurtubise P. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractFactors involved in the development of an insidious polyradiculoneuropathy in association with a procainamide‐induced, lupuslike syndrome were explored. A 73‐year‐old man with this clinical syndrome had sural nerve changes consisting of loss of large myelinated fibers with evidence of remyelination and Schwann cell proliferation. The patient's lymphocytes showed marked incorporation of tritiated thymidine when cultured with either procainamide or extracts of human peripheral nerve myelin, and there was an enhanced response with the combination. We also found that procainamide‐treated rats showed acceleration of lymphocyte sensitization to peripheral nerve myelin as judged by the early development of inhibition of macrophage migration and positive skin tests to extracts of peripheral nerve myelin.These studies suggest that procainamide can enhance lymphocyte sensitization to peripheral nerve myelin and may have predisposed this individual to development of a polyradiculoneuropathy.
The large apparent work capability of the blood‐brain barrier: A study of the mitochondrial content of capillary endothelial cells in brain and other tissues of the rat
Authors: Oldendorf William H. , Cornford Marcia E. , Brown W. Jann 
Published: January 2005

AbstractVolumes of mitochondria in capillary endothelial cells were determined stereologically from electron micrographs of rat cerebellum, cerebral cortex, spinal cord, cauda equina, choroid plexus, anterior pituitary, median eminence of the hypothalamus, renal proximal tubules, skin, cardiac and skeletal muscle, lung, and renal glomerulus. The capillaries of the first four of these tissue types exhibit blood‐brain barrier (BBB) characterisitcs of permeability and capillary ultrastructure and were found to have mitochondrial contents amounting to 8 to 11% of the endothelial cytoplasmic volume. Tissues from non‐BBB regions were determined to have mitochondrial volumes of 2 to 5% of their respective cytoplasmic volumes, with a variety of capillary ultrastructures. The apparent excess metabolic work capability of the BBB suggested by this greater number of mitochondria may be related to maintenance of ion differentials between blood plasma and brain extracellular fluid, to extrachoroidal cerebrospinal fluid formation, or to maintaining the unique structural characteristics of central nervous system capillaries.
Penicillin‐induced epileptiform activity in the hippocampal in vitro preparation
Authors: Schwartzkroin Philip A. , Prince David A. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractAn in vitro preparation has been developed in which epileptogenesis in mammalian central nervous system tissue may be studied. Addition of sodium penicillin to the medium bathing slices of guinea pig hippocampus induced epileptiform activity similar to that seen in hippocampal penicillin foci in vivo. Epileptiform events were recorded as synchronous field potentials and correlated cellular bursts that ocurred spontaneously and could be triggered by orthodromic stimulation. Intracellular recordings revealed that bursts were generated from large depolarization shifts in some neurons, while in others, burst discharges had little underlying baseline depolarization. This finding, and the presence of fast prepotentials in penicillin‐treated preparations, suggested the involvement of dendritic activity in generation of epileptiform discharges.
Importance of holter monitoring in patients with periodic cerebral symptoms
Authors: Jonas Sterling , Klein Irv , Dimant Jacob 
Published: January 2005

AbstractHolter monitoring was used in 358 patients with symptoms of intermittent dizziness, blackout, or both. The neurological findings in all patients were normal. None manifested evidence of a pertinent arrhythmia on the one‐minute resting ECG; 8.9% of the patients demonstrated arrhythmias known to correlate with cerebral symptoms; and 11.2% demonstrated “predisposing” arrhythmias, ie, rhythms that in and of themselves may not precipitate symptoms but predispose to arrhythmias that do. The latter category included short bursts of ectopic tachycardia and intermittent short‐duration asystole. High‐frequency ectopic beats were observed in 24.6%. In almost every patient in whom intermittent arrhythmias precipitated symptoms there were many “predisposing” arrhythmias of short duration that occurred during the asymptomatic period. A comparison of 12‐ and 24‐hour recordings demonstrated an increase in pertinent arrhythmias from 13.8 to 22.7%.
Hypothalamic hypothyroidism causing spastic paraplegia: Recovery following thyroid medication
Authors: Jackson Ivor M. D. , Papapetrou Peter D. , Hills John R. , Kassirer Marilyn 
Published: January 2005

AbstractA 63‐year‐old woman with longstanding spastic paraplegia and neurological evidence of long tract disturbance was found to have hypothyroidism, partial diabetes insipidus, hyperprolactinemia, and gonadotropin deficiency of hypothalamic origin. Replacement therapy with thyroxine and prednisone induced complete remission of the neurological abnormalities. The association of spastic paraplegia with hypothalamic insufficincy has not been reported previously. The possibility of hypothalamic disease should be considered in cases of spastic paraplegia of unknown cause.
Failure to demonstrate papovavirus tumor antigen in human cerebral neoplasms
Authors: Greenlee John E. , Becker Laurence E. , Narayan Opendra , Johnson Richard T. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractCell cultures derived from 80 brain tumors failed to show the intranuclear tumor (T) antigen common to cells transformed by simian virus 40 (SV40) or BK or JC viruses.
Nonsensory neglect
Authors: Watson Robert T. , Miller Bayard D. , Heilman Kenneth M. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractFive monkeys trained to perform with the extremity contralateral to a stimulus had unilateral neglect induced by frontal and reticular formation lesions. Postoperatively the performance of the animals was abnormal only on ipsilateral stimulation, which suggests that the mechanism underlying neglect in these subjects is not deafferentation or sensory inattention but a defect of intention.
The malignancy of dementias
Authors: Go Rodney C. P. , Todorov Alexandre B. , Elston Robert C. , Constantinidis Jean 
Published: January 2005

AbstractSurvival times were determined for 982 patients admitted over a ten‐year period to the Geneva Psychiatric Clinic. Patients with dementia had one‐third the life expectancy of controls. Among patients classed as having Alzheimer disease, the longest survival times were in those with neurofibrillary tangles involving the neocortex, while those lacking this anatomical abnormality had the shortest survival times. Except for women with Alzheimer disease, patients with dementia had less than 10% life expectancy from the time of their admission to the clinic compared to the life expectancy of Geneva's population.
Identification of speech lateralization by intracarotid injection of methohexital
Authors: Willmore L. James , Wilder B. Joe , Mayersdorf Assa , Ramsay R. Eugene , Sypert George W. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractSpeech lateralization was assessed in 25 patients with epilepsy by direct carotid injection or carotid catheterization from a femoral approach. Hemispheric anesthesia was induced by intracarotid injection of the rapidly acting barbiturate methohexital. This technique allowed same‐day study of both hemispheres, permitted repeated injection of either carotid artery without accumulation of methohexital sufficient to cause systemic effects, and added little to the total time required for three‐vessel cerebral angiography. Unilateral seizures were induced by methohexital injection in 4 patients. No other complication secondary to the methohexital study was observed.
Progressive dialysis encephalopathy
Authors: Lederman Richard J. , Henry Charles E. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe clinical features of 42 patients with the only recently recognized and generally fatal neurological syndrome of progressive dialysis encephalopathy are reviewed and the electroencephalographic and neuropathological findings are summarized. Despite apparently successful hemodialysis, these patients develop a wide spectrum of neurological abnormalities. Of these, sudden onset of hesitant, nonfluent speech is the most characteristic and usually the earliest sign. Both dysphasic and dysarthric elements are found, though the former predominate. Myoclonus, dementia, seizures, and gait difficulty are also seen in the majority of these patients. EEGs are more abnormal than would be expected for the clinical severity, with some type of high‐voltage spike‐wave pattern intermixed with abundant slow activity. The combination of clinical and EEG features in the appropriate setting is virtually diagnostic. Transient episodes with variable periods of complete or partial remission have been recognized. Neuropathological changes are surprisingly mild and nonspecific. The cause is uncertain; current speculation focuses on aluminum as the offending neurotoxin. Treatment remains unsatisfactory.
Treatment of elevated intracranial pressure in reye syndrome
Authors: Trauner Doris A. , Brown Frederick , Ganz Edward , Huttenlocher Peter R. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractContinuous intraventricular monitoring of intracranial pressure appears to be a useful aid in the management of patients with Reye syndrome, especially those in stage 3 or 4 coma, in which the mortality rate remains high. Elevations in intracranial pressure can be treated promptly and before the patient shows clinical signs of deterioration. Careful attention to adequate airway care is essential. The use of paralytic agents to reduce pressure secondary to muscle movement is useful. The minimum dose of mannitol required can be carefully titrated, and sudden pressure changes can be combated by release of small amounts of cerebrospinal fluid.
HLA antigens in the Landry‐Guillain‐Barré syndrome and chronic relapsing polyneuritis
Authors: Stewart G. J. , Pollard J. D. , McLeod J. G. , Wolnizer C. M. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractForty‐four patients with inflammatory demyelinating polyneuritis (22 with Landry‐Guillain‐Barré syndrome, 6 with subacute polyneuritis, and 16 with chronic relapsing polyneuritis) were typed for genetic markers in and around the HLA region of chromosome 6. Patients with chronic relapsing polyneuritis showed a definite association with HLA‐AW30 and AW31 and probable associations with HLA‐B8, HLA‐DW3, and glyoxalase I. No significant associations were demonstrated with the Landry‐Guillain‐Barré syndrome although an increase in glyoxalase I was significant if combined with the results of typing in chronic relapsing polyneuritis. The total patient group showed significant increases in HLA‐AW30, HLA‐AW31, and HLA‐DW3. The results support the view that HLA‐linked genetic factors influence susceptibility to chronic relapsing polyneuritis and may contribute to the differences in clinical patterns observed in inflammatory demyelination of the peripheral nervous system.
Measurement of regional cerebral blood volume by emission tomography
Authors: Grubb Robert L. , Raichle Marcus E. , Higgins Carol S. , Eichling John O. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe technique of positron emission tomography was used to measure cerebral blood volume (CBV) in 10 normal right‐handed human volunteers following inhalation of trace quantities of cyclotron‐produced, 11C‐labeled carbon monoxide. In scans obtained 4 cm above the orbitomeatal line, CBV was 4.3 ml per 100 gm of tissue, whereas in scans obtained 8 cm above the orbitomeatal line, CBV was significantly less (3.3 ml per 100 gm; p < 0.001). This difference reflects the greater proportion of gray matter in the lower scan. Furthermore, the CBV was significantly larger (p < 0.001) in the left cerebral hemisphere in the tomographic scans obtained 4 cm above the orbitomeatal line. These scans include the region of the superior surface of the temporal lobe (planum temporale), which is thought to be larger in individuals with left cerebral dominance for speech. This observation is the first in vivo demonstration of a structural correlate of a known functional difference in the cerebral hemispheres of man.
Recurrent seizures induced by cortical iron injection: A model of posttraumatic epilepsy
Authors: Willmore L. James , Sypert George W. , Munson John B. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractA single injection of 5 or 10 μl of ferrous or ferric chloride into rat or cat sensorimotor cortex resulted in chronic recurrent focal paroxysmal electroencephalographic discharges as well as behavioral convulsions and electrical seizures. Iron‐filled macrophages, ferruginated neurons, and astroglial cells surrounded the focus of seizure discharge. Recurrent focal epileptiform discharges caused by cortical injection of iron salts suggests that the development of human posttraumatic epilepsy may depend, in part, on neurochemical alterations induced by the principal metallic ions found in whole blood.
Changes in brain weights during the span of human life: Relation of brain weights to body heights and body weights
Authors: Dekaban Anatole S. , Sadowsky Doris 
Published: January 2005

AbstractMore than 20,000 autopsy reports from several general hospitals were surveyed for the purpose of selecting brains without a pathological lesion that had been weighed in the fresh condition. From this number, 2,773 males and 1,963 females were chosen for whom body weight, body height, and cause of death had been recorded. The data were segregated into 23 age groups ranging from birth to 86+ years and subjected to statistical evaluation.Overall, the brain weights in males were greater than in females by 9.8%. The largest increases in brain weights in both sexes occurred during the first 3 years of life, when the value quadruples over that at birth, while during the subsequent 15 years the brain weight barely quintuples over that at birth. Progressive decline in brain weight begins at about 45 to 50 years of age and reaches its lowest values after age 86 years, by which time the mean brain weight has decreased by about 11% relative to the maximum brain weight attained in young adults (about 19 years of age). Computed regression lines for brain weights versus body heights and body weights and for ratios of brain weights to body heights and weights versus age groups show clearly differential rates of change in brain weights which are less affected by sex.
Inheritance of the enzyme defect in a new hexosaminidase deficiency disease
Authors: Johnson William G. , Chutorian Abe M. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractA new form of hexosaminidase deficiency disease is characterized clinically by mild, juvenile‐onset, very slowly progressive cerebellar ataxia with macular cherry‐red spots and absence of other findings. Biochemically there is striking hexosaminidase deficiency in serum, leukocytes, and fibroblasts. Hexosaminidase B appears absent, but hexosaminidase A–like and S–like activity is present on strach‐gel electrophoresis.We studied hexosaminidase in leukocytes and serum from members of an affected patient's family and traced the enzyme defect through four generations. Leukocyte heat‐stabile hexosaminidase in obligate and presumptive carriers was depressed both in specific activity (nanomoles per milligram of protein per hour) and as a percentage of total hexosaminidase. The carrier state was expressed in serum, but overlap with controls made this test unreliable. The similarity of these carriers to carriers of Sandhoff disease suggests that the disorders may be closely related, perhaps as allelic mutations of the hexosaminidase β subunit. Those involved with screening for Tay‐Sachs disease should be aware that persons with an increased percentage of hexosaminidase A—that is, a decreased heat‐stabile fraction—may be carriers of hexosaminidase deficiency diseases.
Venous angioma of the optic chiasm
Authors: Fermaglich Joseph , Kattah Jorge , Manz Herbert 
Published: January 2005

AbstractA 30‐year‐old man presented with decreased vision in the right eye of three weeks' duration. Examination indicated a chiasmal syndrome and evidence of subarachnoid hemorrhage. CAT scan showed a large suprasellar mass. Surgical intervention confirmed the presence of a globular lesion filled with blood clots involving mainly the right side of the optic chiasm. Following removal of the clots, the chiasm regained its shape and anatomical landmarks. Biopsy of the mass demonstrated a venous angioma located within the optic chiasm as well as recent and old bleeding. Following surgery the patient did well and recovered vision in the right eye, though a left homonymous hemianopia persisted.
Electron microscopic studies of cerebrospinal fluid sediment in demyelinating disease
Authors: Herndon Robert M. , Kasckow John 
Published: January 2005

AbstractCerebrospinal fluid specimens from 31 patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and 2 with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) were subjected to ultracentrifugation, and the resulting pellets were examined in an electron microscope. Cell types seen in the pellets included lymphocytes, occasional plasma cells, polymorphonuclear leukocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, lipid‐laden macrophages, and fibroblasts. The most interesting noncellular elements were extracellular myelin fragments, recognizable by their characteristic alternation of major dense lines and intraperiod lines. Myelin fragments were seen in the CSF from 7 of 9 patients with MS in exacerbation involving areas other than the optic nerve. These fragments were not observed in 4 specimens from patients with acute attacks manifested by optic neuritis. Myelin fragments were present in 1 of the 2 patients with PML. These observations indicate that a portion of the myelin destruction seen in MS and PML occurs extracellularly, with release of myelin fragments and degradation products into the CSF.