bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dorsal fin in the white shark, Carcharodon carcharias: A dynamic stabilizer for fast swimming
Authors: Lingham‐Soliar Theagarten 
Published: November 2004

AbstractTransverse sections of the skin in the dorsal fin of the white shark, Carcharodon carcharias, tiger shark, Galeocerdo cuvier, and spotted raggedtooth shark, Carcharias taurus, show large numbers of dermal fiber bundles, which extend from the body into the fin. The bundles are tightly grouped together in staggered formation (not arranged in a straight line or in rows). This arrangement of dermal fibers gives tensile strength without impeding fiber movement. Tangential sections indicate that the fibers in all three species are strained and lie at angles in excess of 60°. Of the three species investigated the dermal fibers in C. carcharias are the most densely concentrated and extend furthest distally along the dorsal fin. The overall results indicate that the dorsal fin of C. carcharias functions as a dynamic stabilizer and that the dermal fibers are crucial to this role. The fibers work like riggings that stabilize a ship's mast. During fast swimming, when the problems of yaw and roll are greatest, hydrostatic pressure within the shark increases and the fibers around the body, including in the dorsal fin, become taut, thereby stiffening the fin. During slow swimming and feeding the hydrostatic pressure is reduced, the fibers are slackened, and the muscles are able to exert greater bending forces on the fin via the radials and ceratotrichia. In C. carcharias there is a trade‐off for greater stiffness of the dorsal fin against flexibility. J. Morphol. 263:1–11, 2005. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Iterative receivers for coded MIMO signaling
Authors: Biglieri Ezio , Nordio Alessandro , Taricco Giorgio 
Published: November 2004

AbstractIn this tutorial paper, we describe iterative receivers that combine a soft decoder for a general space‐time code with a spatial‐interference canceler. The performance of these receivers is analyzed by using EXIT charts, a convenient graphical description that yields quite accurate results. By properly combining the EXIT characteristics of the canceler and of the decoder, the convergence behavior of the iterative algorithms can be understood, and design guidelines derived. The idea here is to observe that both the interference canceler and the decoder can be studied by examining the evolution of the extrinsic information passed along to the connected blocks. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Symbol timing estimation in MIMO correlated flat‐fading channels
Authors: Wu Yik‐Chung , Serpedin Erchin 
Published: November 2004

AbstractIn this paper, the data aided (DA) and non‐data aided (NDA) maximum likelihood (ML) symbol timing estimators and their corresponding conditional Cramer–Rao bound (CCRB) and modified Cramer–Rao bound (MCRB) in multiple‐input‐multiple‐output (MIMO) correlated flat‐fading channels are derived. It is shown that the approximated ML algorithm in References [4,13] is just a special case of the DA ML estimator; while the extended squaring algorithm in Reference [14] is just a special case of the NDA ML estimator. For the DA case, the optimal orthogonal training sequences are also derived. It is found that the optimal orthogonal sequences resemble the Walsh sequences, but present different envelopes. Simulation results under different operating conditions (e.g. number of antennas and correlation between antennas) are given to assess and compare the performances of the DA and NDA ML estimators with respect to their corresponding CCRBs and MCRBs. It is found that (i) the mean square error (MSE) of the DA ML estimator is close to the CCRB and MCRB, (ii) the MSE of the NDA ML estimator is close to the CCRB but not to the MCRB, (iii) the MSEs of both DA and NDA ML estimators are approximately independent of the number of transmit antennas and are inversely proportional to the number of receive antennas, (iv) correlation between antennas has little effect on the MSEs of DA and NDA ML estimators and (v) DA ML estimator performs better than NDA ML estimator at the cost of lower transmission efficiency and higher implementation complexity. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A space‐time channel simulator for MIMO channels based on the geometrical one‐ring scattering model
Authors: Pätzold Matthias , Hogstad Bjørn Olav 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThis paper introduces a general concept for the design of efficient multi‐input multi‐output (MIMO) narrowband fading channel simulators. The proposed procedure is applied on a reference model for the geometrical one‐ring scattering model consisting of an infinite number of local scatterers laying on a ring around the mobile station (MS). The statistical properties of both the reference model and the simulation model are studied. Closed‐form solutions are presented, for example for the space‐time cross‐correlation function (CCF), the time autocorrelation function (ACF) and the two‐dimensional (2‐D) space CCF. It will be shown, how the parameters of the MIMO channel simulator can be determined for any given space‐time CCF describing the reference model. The excellent performance of the proposed space‐time channel simulator is demonstrated by comparing its temporal and spatial correlation properties with those of the reference model. Moreover, it is demonstrated how the channel simulator can be used to analyze the statistics of the capacity of MIMO channels from time‐domain simulations. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pain prevalence and predictors among inpatients in a major Italian teaching hospital. A baseline survey towards a pain free hospital
Authors: Melotti Rita Maria , Samolsky‐Dekel Boaz Gedaliahu , Ricchi Ennio , Chiari Paolo , Di Giacinto Ida , Carosi Francesca , Di Nino GianFranco 
Published: November 2004

AbstractPain prevalence among inpatients is an important indicator of quality care; it may reach over 80% in various clinical settings. A cross‐sectional survey was conducted in a teaching hospital to depict benchmark data regarding pain prevalence and predictors among the entire inpatient population. Overall 892 patients, ≥6 years old and hospitalized for at least 24 h in 57 hospital wards were interviewed using an internationally applied questionnaire. Patients self‐reported their pain intensity at the time of the interview (T0) and worst pain perceived during the previous 24 h (T‐1), using a numerical rating scale (NRS) and indicated current pain duration. Specific pain predictor data (hospital stay, gender, age and marital status) were obtained from patient medical charts. Pain prevalence at T0 was 38% and 52% at T‐1. Pain was moderate to severe (NRS ≥ 4) in 25% of the patients at T0 and in 40% at T‐1. High pain prevalence was found (at T0 and T‐1, respectively) in Radiotherapy (63%;77%), Obstetrics (68%;54%), and Surgery (59%;45%) wards. Gender was a prominent determinant as pain was significantly associated with females. Pain prevalence was high among young adults or divorced/separated individuals and low among pediatric patients (20%). Protracted hospitalization and prolonged pain duration were associated with major pain severity. Results yield Quality Assurance interventions to ameliorate pain undertreatment. Predictor analysis suggests that attention should be paid to pain management in young adults, socially vulnerable patients and those with protracted hospitalization and pain.
Impact of experimental trawling on the benthic assemblage along the Tuscany coast (north Tyrrhenian Sea, Italy)
Authors: De Biasi Anna Maria 
Published: November 2004

Abstract
The impact of repeated experimental otter trawling, in the north Tyrrhenian Sea (Mediterranean) was investigated using a spatially replicated sampling design. Macroscopic modifications of the seabed morphology were assessed by sidescan sonar. Alterations of the sediment texture and changes in macrobenthic infauna were assessed using a box-corer. The most obvious modifications of the seabed were trawl tracks caused by the passage of trawl doors through the sediments. Ephemeral but significant changes in the sediment composition were observed. Changes in the benthic assemblage were detected only 48 h after experimental trawling. The clearest changes were detected in the molluscan component. The present study suggests that recovery from trawling may take place within one month.
Vertical distribution and feeding patterns in fish foraging on the krill Meganyctiphanes norvegica
Authors: Onsrud M.S.R. , Kaartvedt S. , Røstad A. , Klevjer T.A. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractFish and krill were studied at a 120 m deep site in the Oslofjord, Norway. Herring (Clupea harengus), whiting (Merlangius merlangus), and Norway pout (Trisopterus esmarkii) were foraging on krill (Euphausiacea, Meganyctiphanes norvegica) during both day and night. During daytime, herring and whiting were foraging in the upper and middle part of the krill assemblage, while the deep-living, and often benthopelagic Norway pout was approaching the krill from below. Krill and fish ascended and fish schools dispersed at dusk. At night, herring and whiting were feeding near the surface, with the shallowest distribution suggested for herring. Norway pout foraged in midwater. Krill antipredator behaviour comprised diel vertical migration and instantaneous escape reactions, and the krill also appeared to actively seek out strata with low acoustic recordings of fish. Fish accumulated beneath the research vessel when the ship was anchored at a fixed location during acoustic studies, apparently resulting in artificially high local fish abundances. Since we suggest that krill respond to the presence of fish, such high fish abundance may bias studies of interactions between the fish predators and their krill prey.
Healing of the aponeurosis during recovery from aponeurotomy: Morphological and histological adaptation and related changes in mechanical properties
Authors: Jaspers R. T. , Brunner R. , Riede U. N. , Huijing P. A. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractAponeurotomy, which is the transection of an aponeurosis perpendicular to its length, is performed to lengthen spastic and/or short muscles. During recovery, the cut ends of the aponeurosis are reconnected by new connective tissue bridging both ends. The aim of this study is to investigate the histological features of this new connective tissue as well as its mechanical properties after recovery from aponeurotomy. For this purpose, aponeurotomy was performed on the proximal aponeurosis of rat m. gastrocnemius medialis (GM), which was followed by six weeks of recovery. The lengths of aponeurotic tissues were measured as a function of active muscle length. The results are compared to a control group as well as to the acute effects and a sham operated group.Activation of the muscle at increasing lengths after aponeurotomy caused a gap between the cut ends of the aponeurosis. However, after recovery, new connective tissue is formed bridging the aponeurotic ends, consisting of thin collagen fibres, which are densely packed and generally arranged in the direction of the aponeurosis. The number of fibroblasts was three to five times higher than that of aponeurotic tissue of the intact parts as well as that of the acute and sham operated muscles. The strain of the new connective tissue as a function of active muscle length was shown to be about three times higher than that of the aponeurosis. It is concluded that the inserted new aponeurotic tissue is more compliant and that the aponeurosis becomes 10–15% longer than in untreated muscle. As a consequence, the muscle fibres located distally to the new aponeurotic tissue will become shorter than prior to aponeurotomy. This explains a shift of the length–force curve, which favours the restoration of the range of joint motion. © 2004 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C*-ALGEBRAS THAT ARE ISOMORPHIC AFTER TENSORING AND FULL PROJECTIONS
Authors: Kodaka Kazunori 
Published: November 2004

AbstractLet $A$ be a unital $C^*$-algebra and for each $n\in\mathbb{N}$ let $M_n$ be the $n\times n$ matrix algebra over $\mathbb{C}$. In this paper we shall give a necessary and sufficient condition that there is a unital $C^*$-algebra $B$ satisfying $A\not\cong B$ but for which $A\otimes M_n\cong B\otimes M_n$ for some $n\in\mathbb{N}\setminus\{1\}$. Also, we shall give some examples of unital $C^*$-algebras satisfying the above property.AMS 2000 Mathematics subject classification: Primary 46L05
ON THE COALGEBRAIC RING AND BOUSFIELD–KAN SPECTRAL SEQUENCE FOR A LANDWEBER EXACT SPECTRUM
Authors: Bendersky Martin , Hunton John R. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractWe construct a Bousfield–Kan (unstable Adams) spectral sequence based on an arbitrary (and not necessarily connective) ring spectrum $E$ with unit and which is related to the homotopy groups of a certain unstable $E$ completion $X_E^{\wedge}$ of a space $X$. For $E$ an $\mathbb{S}$-algebra this completion agrees with that of the first author and Thompson. We also establish in detail the Hopf algebra structure of the unstable cooperations (the coalgebraic module) $E_*(\underline{E}_*)$ for an arbitrary Landweber exact spectrum $E$, extending work of the second author with Hopkins and with Turner and giving basis-free descriptions of the modules of primitives and indecomposables. Taken together, these results enable us to give a simple description of the $E_2$-page of the $E$-theory Bousfield–Kan spectral sequence when $E$ is any Landweber exact ring spectrum with unit. This extends work of the first author and others and gives a tractable unstable Adams spectral sequence based on a $v_n$-periodic theory for all $n$.AMS 2000 Mathematics subject classification: Primary 55P60; 55Q51; 55S25; 55T15. Secondary 55P47
A NOTE ON GROUP IDENTITIES IN DIVISION RINGS
Authors: Chebotar M. A. , Lee P.-H. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractLet $D$ be a division ring whose group of units satisfies a non-trivial group identity $w$. Let $\alpha$ be the sum of positive degrees of indeterminates occurring in $w$. If the centre of $D$ contains more than $3\alpha$ elements, then $D$ is commutative.AMS 2000 Mathematics subject classification: Primary 16R50. Secondary 16K20
WAVELET CHARACTERIZATIONS FOR ANISOTROPIC BESOV SPACES WITH 0<p<1
Authors: Garrigós Gustavo , Hochmuth Reinhard , Tabacco Anita 
Published: November 2004

AbstractWe present a wavelet characterization of anisotropic Besov spaces $B_{p,q}^{\bm{\alpha}}(\mathbb{R}^n)$, valid for the whole range $0\ltp,q\lt\infty$, and in terms of multi-resolution analyses with dilation adapted to the anisotropy of the space. Our proofs combine classical techniques based on Bernstein and Jackson-type inequalities, and nonlinear methods for the cases $p\lt1$. Among the consequences of our results, we characterize $B_{p,q}^{\bm{\alpha}}$ as a linear approximation space, and derive embeddings and interpolation formulae for $B_{p,q}^{\bm{\alpha}}$, which appear to be new in the literature when $p\lt1$.AMS 2000 Mathematics subject classification: Primary 42B35; 42C40; 41A17
TRANSFORMATION OF STURM–LIOUVILLE PROBLEMS WITH DECREASING AFFINE BOUNDARY CONDITIONS
Authors: Binding Paul A. , Browne Patrick J. , Code Warren J. , Watson Bruce A. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractWe consider Sturm–Liouville boundary-value problems on the interval $[0,1]$ of the form $-y''+qy=\lambda y$ with boundary conditions $y'(0)\sin\alpha=y(0)\cos\alpha$ and $y'(1)=(a\lambda+b)y(1)$, where $a\lt0$. We show that via multiple Crum–Darboux transformations, this boundary-value problem can be transformed ‘almost’ isospectrally to a boundary-value problem of the same form, but with the boundary condition at $x=1$ replaced by $y'(1)\sin\beta=y(1)\cos\beta$, for some $\beta$.AMS 2000 Mathematics subject classification: Primary 34B07; 47E05; 34L05
Direct activation of the mitochondrial calcium uniporter by natural plant flavonoids
Authors: MONTERO Mayte , LOBATÓN Carmen D. , HERNÁNDEZ-SANMIGUEL Esther , SANTODOMINGO Jaime , VAY Laura , MORENO Alfredo , ALVAREZ Javier 
Published: November 2004

During cell activation, mitochondria play an important role in Ca2+ homoeostasis due to the presence of a fast and specific Ca2+ channel in its inner membrane, the mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter. This channel allows mitochondria to buffer local cytosolic [Ca2+] changes and controls the intramitochondrial Ca2+ levels, thus modulating a variety of phenomena from respiratory rate to apoptosis. We have described recently that SB202190, an inhibitor of p38 MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase), strongly activated the uniporter. We show in the present study that a series of natural plant flavonoids, widely distributed in foods, produced also a strong stimulation of the mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter. This effect was of the same magnitude as that induced by SB202190 (an approx. 20-fold increase in the mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake rate), developed without measurable delay and was rapidly reversible. In intact cells, the mitochondrial Ca2+ peak induced by histamine was also largely increased by the flavonoids. Stimulation of the uniporter by either flavonoids or SB202190 did not require ATP, suggesting a direct effect on the uniporter or an associated protein which is not mediated by protein phosphorylation. The most active compound, kaempferol, increased the rate of mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake by 85±15% (mean±S.E.M., n=4) and the histamine-induced mitochondrial Ca2+ peak by 139±19% (mean±S.E.M., n=5) at a concentration of 1 μM. Given that flavonoids can reach this concentration range in plasma after ingestion of flavonoid-rich food, these compounds could be modulating the uniporter under physiological conditions.
Circulating cytokine profile in anti‐neutrophilic cytoplasmatic autoantibody‐associated vasculitis: prediction of outcome?
Authors: Ohlsson Sophie , Wieslander Jörgen , Segelmark Mårten 
Published: November 2004

AIMS: The anti‐neutrophilic cytoplasmatic autoantibody‐associated vasculitides (AASV) are diseases of relapsing‐remitting inflammation. Here we explore the cytokine profile in different phases of disease, looking for pathogenic clues of possible prognostic value.Results: Interleukin (IL)‐6, IL‐8 and IL‐10 were significantly elevated in plasma. Patients in the stable phase who subsequently developed adverse events had higher IL‐8 values. Patients in the stable phase who relapsed within 3 months had lower IL‐10 values and higher IL‐6 levels.Conclusions: Patients with AASV have raised circulating cytokine levels compared with healthy controls, even during remission. Raised IL‐8 seems associated with poor prognosis. Lower levels of IL‐10 and higher levels of IL‐6 herald a greater risk of relapse. Patients with systemic vasculitis in clinical remission have persistent disease activity, kept under control by inhibitory cytokines.
Polo‐like Kinases and Chk2 at the Interface of DNA Damage Checkpoint Pathways and Mitotic Regulation
Authors: Tsvetkov Lyuben 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThe cell cycle controls processes of DNA replication and segregation of replicated DNA into two daughter cells. These processes are coordinated by multiple signaling pathways, which employ many protein kinases. The members of the family of Polo‐like protein kinases are among these key cell cycle regulators. In response to DNA damage and inhibited DNA replication, DNA structure checkpoints delay cell cycle progression to provide cells with time for repair of damaged DNA and protect it from more severe damage. These effects are achieved by affecting key players of the basic cell cycle regulation of the cells with damaged DNA. This review is focused on the interplay between Chk2, a bona fide checkpoint protein kinase, and Polo‐like kinases. IUBMB Life, 56: 449‐456, 2004
Phosphatidylinositol Transfer Proteins: Emerging Roles in Cell Proliferation, Cell Death and Survival
Authors: Snoek Gerry 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThe actual cellular functions of the highly homologous small isoforms of the phosphatidylinositol transfer proteins, PI‐TPα and PI‐TPβ have been studied using many different experimental conditions varying from in vitro experiments with purified proteins and lipid vesicles to investigations in animals. In this review, the very diverse data of these investigations have been collected and joined to propose a model for the cellular functions of PI‐TPα and PI‐TPβ. The model is based on the suggested roles of PI‐TPα and PI‐TPβ in various lipid‐mediated cellular signaling pathways and leads to the conclusion that both proteins have a regulating function in pathways involved in the proliferation, apoptosis as well as survival of cells. IUBMB Life, 56: 467‐475, 2004
INTEGRATION WITH QUASIRANDOM SEQUENCES: NUMERICAL EXPERIENCE
Authors: SOBOL’ ILYA M. , SHUKHMAN BORIS V. 
Published: November 2004

Numerical experiments with two multivariable integrands and various quasirandom sequences are described. The integrands were introduced as models of Monte Carlo algorithms for particle tracking with or without statistical weights. Though analytically both integrands are very similar, the corresponding integration errors behave quite differently. From these experiments together with earlier ones (that are briefly summarized in the paper) several non-standard conclusions are drawn both on quasirandom sequences and on types of integrands.
THE MARKOFF AUTOMATON: A NEW ALGORITHM FOR SIMULATING THE TIME-EVOLUTION OF LARGE STOCHASTIC DYNAMIC SYSTEMS
Authors: FRICKE THOMAS , WENDT DIETMAR 
Published: November 2004

We describe a new algorithm for simulating complex Markoff processes. We have used a reaction-cell method in order to simulate arbitrary reactions. It can be used for any kind of RDS on arbitrary topologies, including fractal dimensions or configurations not being related to any spatial geometry. The events within a single cell are managed by an event handler which has been implemented independently of the system studied. The method is exact on the Markoff level including the correct treatment of finite numbers of molecules. To demonstrate its properties, we apply it on a very simple reaction-diffusion-systems (RDS). The chemical equations [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] in 1 to 4 dimensions serve as models for systems whose dynamics on an intermediate time scale are governed by fluctuations. We compare our results to the analytic approach by the scaling ansatz. The simulations confirm the exponents of the A+B system within statistical errors, including the logarithmic corrections in the dimension d=2. The method is able to simulate the crossover from the reaction to diffusion limited regime, which is defined be a crossover time depending on the system size.
ONE MODEL OF SINGULAR RELATIVISTIC LAGRANGIAN
Authors: LASERRA E. , STRIANESE M. , PAVLOTSKY I.P. 
Published: November 2004

The so-called no-interaction theorem of D.G. Currie, T.F. Jordan, E.C. Sudarshan, H. Leutwyler, G. Marmo and N. Mukunda makes it possible to construct relativistic quasiclassical particle dynamics in the post-Galilean approximation only. It is obtained that in this approximation the Lagrangians are singular on some surfaces of the phase space. These peculiarities have different physical and mathematical nature from the ones studied by P.M.A. Dirac, where Hessians vanish in the whole phase-space. The dynamical properties are essentially peculiar on the studied singular surfaces. These properties, in our opinion, can be related with some physical phenomena. In the present paper the general situation is first described. As the whole problem is large and difficult we examined in detail just typical one- and two-dimensional models in the second part of the paper.
GAP FORMATION PROBABILITY OF THE α-ENSEMBLE
Authors: CHEN YANG , ERIKSEN KASPER JUEL 
Published: November 2004

In this paper we employ the continuum approximation of Dyson to determine the asymptotic gap formation probability in the spectrum of N×N Hermitian matrices associated with orthogonal polynomials that are solutions of indeterminate moment problems. We have shown that the probability, Eβ[J], that an interval J is free of eigenvalues is [Formula: see text] where [Formula: see text]