bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative Measurements Between Langmuir Probe and Ion‐acoustic Wave Detection in a Radio Frequency Source
Authors: Bandyopadhyay M. , Tanga A. , McNeely P. , Yaroshenko V. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractPhase velocity or damping measurement of ion‐acoustic waves in plasmas is an alternative diagnostic technique to measure the electron temperature Te in presence of radio frequency (RF) fluctuation. If a fraction of the ion population in plasma is made of negative ions, the dispersion relation of this wave has characteristic features. The ion‐acoustic wave has two modes of propagation in negative ion enriched plasmas. The phase velocity of fast mode increases and damping decreases with increasing negative ion concentration. The slow mode is highly damped. Measurements in the range of 1 kHz‐40 kHz in H2+Cs and Xe+Cs plasmas, where negative ion concentration is much less compare to other electronegative plasmas, like SF–6, O– etc., show that the wave propagates according to the slow wave dispersion relation. The ion‐acoustic derived Te measurements are presented in two different geometries and compared with the Te value derived from the Langmuir probe characteristic. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
New Developments of Self‐emitting Electrostatic Probes for use in High Temperature Plasmas
Authors: Fink M. A. , Endler M. , Klinger T. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractEmissive electrostatic probes for the use in fusion experiments must be able to sustain significantly higher thermal loads than in low‐temperature plasma experiments. Several types of probe design are discussed, the results from the use of such probes in the edge plasma of the Wendelstein 7‐AS stellarator are presented and compared with the predictions of emissive and non‐emissive probe models. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Vapor Phase Synthesis of Multicomponent Si‐N‐Ti Powders
Authors: Ziegenbalg G. , Šingliar U. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractMulticomponent nanopowders can be produced using vapor phase ammonolysis of SiCl4/TiCl4 mixtures at 800 °C and 1000 °C. Uniform particles with spherical morphology and diameters between 150 nm and 350 nm are obtained. At 800 °C, crystalline TiN nuclei are formed. They are overlaid by amorphous Si‐N(H)‐Ti‐Cl compounds, and chlorine is distributed over the whole particle. In addition, NH4Cl is formed as a by‐product. Thermal post‐treatment at 900 °C in a NH3 atmosphere is necessary to obtain chlorine‐free powders. The morphology of the powders is not changed during the post‐treatment process.
Low‐Temperature Growth of Germanium Quantum Dots on Silicon Oxide by Inductively Coupled Plasma Chemical Vapor Deposition
Authors: Shieh J. , Ko T.S. , Chen H.L. , Dai B.T. , Chu T.C. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractWe report on the fabrication of germanium quantum dots on silicon oxide and their growth mechanism. Germanium quantum dots were deposited by inductively‐coupled plasma CVD at 400 °C. Gold nanoparticles, attached to silicon oxide through a self‐assembled monolayer, were adopted as catalysts to allow access to a vapor–liquid–solid process. The density of polycrystalline germanium dots is 1.46 × 1011 cm–2, which is consistent with the density of the gold nanoparticles. The mechanism by which the undesirable gold catalysts are removed during the germanium dot growth process has been elucidated. This technique provides a low‐temperature process for the fabrication of devices consisting of germanium quantum dots on an insulator surface.
Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis: Cytopathological findings in an unusual case
Authors: Parwani Anil V. , Sheth Sheila , Ali Syed Z. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractRecurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP) primarily is a disease of children and adolescents. Most patients experience spontaneous regression at a later age, while others continue to be affected throughout their lives. Here, we present the case of a 26‐yr‐old man who presented with persistent cough, worsening dyspnea, and development of pneumothorax. Eight years prior, he had presented with similar complaints and an evaluation at that time had showed RRP. Follow‐up since that time showed recurrent disease managed by multiple surgical procedures. At the most current admission, an ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) of the lung showed numerous papillary tissue fragments and single atypical squamous cells consistent with recurrent RPR. To our knowledge, morphological findings of RRP have been reported rarely. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2004;31:407–412. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Immunostaining of galectin‐3 and CD44v6 using fine‐needle aspiration for distinguishing follicular carcinoma from adenoma
Authors: Maruta Junko , Hashimoto Hironobu , Yamashita Hiroto , Yamashita Hiroyuki , Noguchi Shiro 
Published: November 2004

AbstractTo evaluate the clinical applicability of galectin‐3 and CD44 variant 6 (CD44v6) immunostaining in fine‐needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) of thyroid follicular tumors, 79 cytological specimens (35 follicular carcinomas and 44 follicular adenomas) were studied. The positive rates of galectin‐3 and CD44v6 were 89 and 74% in follicular carcinoma, respectively, and 25 and 30% in follicular adenoma, respectively. There were no significant correlations between the expression of galectin‐3 or CD44v6 in follicular carcinoma and characteristics such as capsular invasion, vascular invasion, metastasis, or tumor size.Positive staining of either galectin‐3 or CD44v6 resulted in a diagnostic sensitivity of 97% and a specificity of 52% for follicular carcinoma among follicular tumors.Immunostaining of galectin‐3 or CD44v6 using cytological specimens can provide independent information on conventional morphological findings of cytology to distinguish follicular carcinoma from adenoma. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2004;31:392–396. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Functional recovery and dendritic hypertrophy after posterior and complete cingulate lesions on postnatal day 10
Authors: Gonzalez Claudia L.R. , Gibb Robbin , Kolb Bryan 
Published: November 2004

AbstractRats received lesions of the posterior cingulate cortex or both the anterior and posterior cingulate cortex (total cingulate), or sham procedures, on postnatal Day 10. As adults, animals were trained in the Morris water task. Both the cingulate lesion groups showed substantial functional recovery relative to our previous studies of adult operates or animals with perinatal cingulate lesions. A Golgi analyis of layer III pyramidal cells in parietal cortex showed an increase in dendritic length in the lesion animals relative to sham controls, which is similar to previous findings for rats with anterior cingulate but not motor or parietal lesions. In addition, there was a partial regeneration of the anterior tissue in the total cingulates, which in some cases extended into the posterior region. This is consistent with earlier findings that anterior cingulate lesions around Day 10 stimulate neurogenesis. It appears that there is something special about the reparative processes and subsequent functional recovery that follow midline neocortical lesions. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 40: 138–146, 2002. DOI 10.1002/dev.10024
Cardiac vagal regulation across the preschool period: Stability, continuity, and implications for childhood adjustment
Authors: Calkins Susan D. , Keane Susan P. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractStability and continuity of vagal regulation of the heart, operationalized as suppression of respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) during challenge, was examined in a longitudinal study of preschoolers. A sample of 154 two‐year‐old children was recruited for participation in a study of the effects of emotional and behavioral challenge on cardiac activity and behavioral indices of adjustment and self‐regulation. A total of 122 of these children were assessed again at age 4.5 years. At both ages, the children were assessed in a series of laboratory procedures that were intended to be emotionally and behaviorally challenging, during which time heart rate was recorded. To assess vagal regulation, resting measures of RSA and RSA suppression to the challenge task were derived from these procedures. To assess childhood adjustment and self‐regulation, a number of parent‐report measures were administered when the children were 4.5 years of age. Results indicated that there was high stability in RSA suppression across the challenge tasks within both ages, modest cross‐age stability in RSA suppression, and a significant decrease in the magnitude of RSA suppression across age. Second, children who displayed a pattern of stable and high suppression across the preschool period were less emotionally negative, and had fewer behavior problems and better social skills than other children. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 45:101‐112, 2004.
Prehatch entrainment of circadian rhythms in the domestic chick using different light regimes
Authors: Hill Wendy L. , Bassi Kimberly L. , Bonaventura Leean , Sacus Jacqueline E. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThe onset of circadian rhythms in many animals occurs during prenatal development. We conducted four experiments, using the domestic chick as a model, to assess when these rhythms can first be entrained and the type of light zeitgeber necessary. In Experiment 1, the presence of circadian rhythms was assessed using tonic immobility, an antipredator behavior, whereas in Experiments 2 to 4 body temperature was studied. We demonstrate that (a) circadian rhythms can be entrained during the late stage of the chick's 21‐day incubation period (prehatch Days 13–18), (b) only 1 day of light cues [12:12 hr light:dark (12L:12D)] on prehatch Day 13 is necessary for entrainment, and (c) short bouts of light, which simulate the light cues embryos typically experience during natural incubation, can act as zeitgebers although they are not as effective as 12L:12D. The onset of entrainment is earlier than predicted and suggests that the brain structures mediating circadian rhythms mature sooner than proposed by previous research. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 45: 174‐186, 2004.
Isolation of chicken homolog of the FOXL2 gene and comparison of its expression patterns with those of aromatase during ovarian development
Authors: Govoroun Marina S. , Pannetier Maëlle , Pailhoux Eric , Cocquet Julie , Brillard Jean‐Pierre , Couty Isabelle , Batellier Florence , Cotinot Corinne 
Published: November 2004

AbstractMutations in the forkhead transcription factor gene FOXL2 are involved in ovarian failure, which occurs in human BPES syndrome. This syndrome presents a sexually dimorphic expression, specific to the ovary in several vertebrates. We cloned the open reading frame of chicken FOXL2 (cFoxL2) and studied cFoxL2 expression in developing gonads and during adulthood to examine the role of FOXL2 in ovarian differentiation and function in birds. The spatial and temporal dynamics of cFoxL2 and aromatase expression were analyzed in parallel by using real‐time quantitative reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry in attempt to investigate the possible role of cFoxL2 in the regulation of aromatase. The expression patterns of cFoxL2 and aromatase transcripts were highly correlated during the sex‐differentiation period (4.7–12.7 days of incubation). Aromatase and cFoxL2 proteins were colocalized in the medullar part of female gonads on embryonic day 14. Fourteen days after hatching, cFoxL2 protein was mainly detected in granulosa cells of developing follicles. In adult ovary follicular envelopes, apart from granulosa cells, cFoxL2 transcript and protein were detected at lower levels in theca cells where aromatase was present. A high level of cFoxL2 transcription was also observed in maturing and ovulated oocytes. Our results confirm that FoxL2 is an early regulator of ovarian development in birds and may be involved in aromatase transcription regulation. Developmental Dynamics 859–870, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Assembly and remodeling of the fibrillar fibronectin extracellular matrix during gastrulation and neurulation in Xenopus laevis
Authors: Davidson Lance A. , Keller Raymond , DeSimone Douglas W. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractFibronectin, a major component of the extracellular matrix is critical for processes of cell traction and cell motility. Whole‐mount confocal imaging of the three‐dimensional architecture of the extracellular matrix is used to describe dynamic assembly and remodeling of fibronectin fibrils during gastrulation and neurulation in the early frog embryo. As previously reported, fibrils first appear under the prospective ectoderm. We describe here the first evidence for regulated assembly of fibrils along the somitic mesoderm/endoderm boundary as well as at the notochord/somitic mesoderm boundary and clearing of fibrils from the dorsal and ventral surfaces of the notochord that occurs over the course of a few hours. As gastrulation proceeds, fibrils are restored to the dorsal surface of the notochord, where the notochord contacts the prospective floor plate. As the neural folds form, fibrils are again remodeled as deep neural plate cells move medially. The process of neural tube closure leaves a region of the ectoderm overlying the neural crest transiently bare of fibrils. Fibrils are assembled surrounding the dorsal surface of the neural tube as the neural tube lumen is restored. Developmental Dynamics 231:888–895, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A noise‐robust speech input interface for information kiosk terminals
Authors: Ida Masaki , Mori Hiroyuki , Nakamura Satoshi , Shikano Kiyohiro 
Published: November 2004

AbstractIn social amenity apparatus such as information terminals or on‐line shopping terminals and ticket vending machines, more natural and smoother communication between machines and humans is made possible by incorporating speech recognition, thus rapidly enhancing operation and convenience. In this paper, we will describe the trial production of an information kiosk terminal equipped with speech recognition and the noise reduction technique adopted as a speech input interface. In general, the aforementioned system equipment is installed in public spaces such as stations. Therefore, robust speech recognition performance is required even in the worst noise environments. For the realization of this antinoise capability, we have used noise reduction based on both a microphone array and spectral subtraction (SS). Experiments with evaluation data recorded in real environments indicate that a recognition performance of over 90% in isolated‐word recognition of 216 words uttered by an unspecified speaker is achieved by the combined use of a 32‐channel microphone array and SS. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 87(12): 51–61, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjb.20135
Construction of a fault‐tolerant voter for N‐modular redundancy
Authors: Takaesu Kohtaro , Yoshida Takeo 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThis paper proposes a method of improving the reliability of the voter in N‐modular redundancy systems. TMR and other multiplexing techniques were developed to improve the voter's reliability. However, in such techniques, the output of multiplexed voters must be determined by majority voting. In this study, the reliability of the voter is improved by means of ADR, a temporal redundancy technique. An ADR system normally includes an encoder, an ADR‐applied circuit, a decoder, and an error detector. However, previous studies have dealt only with the configuration of ADR‐applied circuits. This study considers the configuration of the entire ADR system, and the feasibility of a doubled‐circuit configuration is proven. In addition, the proposed method is verified to improve the reliability of voters in N‐modular redundancy systems. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 87(12): 62–71, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002sol;ecjb.20136
Cover Picture: A Parahydrogen Study of Catalytic Hydrogenation by Diphosphane‐Substituted Triruthenium Clusters (Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. 22/2004)
Authors: Prestwich Tom G. , Blazina Damir , Duckett Simon B. , Dyson Paul J. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThe cover picture shows the reaction pathways available to Ru3(CO)10(dppe) in the catalytic hydrogenation of diphyenylacetylene, as elucidated by parahydrogen‐assised NMR spectroscopy. The cluster leads to catalytic hydrogenation via a detected vinyl hydride intermediate, but fragments in low polarity solvents. Details are discussed in the article by S. B. Duckett et al. on p. 4381 ff. We thank Universities UK (ORS award), Bruker Biospin UK and The University of York for financial support.
Antimutagenic activity of spearmint
Authors: Yu Tian‐Wei , Xu Meirong , Dashwood Roderick H. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThe antimutagenic activity of spearmint (Mentha spicata), a popular food flavoring agent, was studied in the Salmonella assay. Spearmint leaves were brewed in hot water for 5 min at concentrations up to 5% (w/v), and the water extracts were tested against the direct‐acting mutagens 4‐nitro‐1,2‐phenylenediamine (NPD) and 2‐hydroxyamino‐3‐methyl‐3H‐imidazo[4,5‐f]quinoline (N‐OH‐IQ) using Salmonella typhimurium strain TA98. Nontoxic concentrations of spearmint extract inhibited the mutagenic activity of N‐OH‐IQ in a concentration‐dependent fashion, but had no effect against NPD. These experiments by design focused on the water extract consumed commonly as an herbal tea, but chloroform and methanol extracts of spearmint also possessed antimutagenic activity against N‐OH‐IQ. Water extract of spearmint inhibited the mutagenic activity of the parent compound, 2‐amino‐3‐methyl‐3H‐imidazo[4,5‐f]quinoline (IQ), in the presence of rat liver S9; however, the concentration for 50% inhibition (IC50) against IQ was approximately 10‐fold higher than in assays with N‐OH‐IQ minus S9. At concentrations similar to those used in the Salmonella assays, spearmint extract inhibited two of the major enzymes that play a role in the metabolic activation of IQ, namely, cytochromes P4501A1 and 1A2, based on ethoxyresorufin O‐deethylase and methoxyresorufin O‐demethylase assays in vitro. In vivo, rats were given spearmint water extract (2%; w/v) as the sole source of drinking fluid before, during, and after 2‐week treatment with IQ; colonic aberrant crypt foci were inhibited significantly at 8 weeks (P < 0.05, compared with rats given IQ alone). Collectively, these findings suggest that spearmint tea protects against IQ and possibly other heterocyclic amines through inhibition of carcinogen activation and via direct effects on the activated metabolite(s). Environ. Mol. Mutagen., 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Estimation of the mean and standard deviation from normally distributed singly‐censored samples
Authors: Aboueissa Abou El‐Makarim A. , Stoline Michael R. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThis article is concerned with the estimation of the mean μ and standard deviation σ utilizing a singly‐left‐censored sample of normally distributed data having a known detection limit (DL). A new computer algorithm for obtaining the Cohen (1959) maximum likelihood estimates of μ and σ is provided which does not require auxiliary tables. The algorithm utilizes S‐PLUS or R languages. Closed form estimates of the mean and standard deviation obtained under a new replacement method are given for normally distributed left‐censored samples, which appear to be superior to existing replacement method estimates. The replacement method estimates are based on replacing the left‐censored observations by a non‐constant value. The performances of these methods are compared utilizing many simulated data sets. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bayesian prediction of temperature records using the Pareto model
Authors: Madi Mohamed T. , Raqab Mohamed Z. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractStatistical prediction of record values has potential environmental applications dealing, for example, with abrupt climate jumps, such as the prediction of rainfall extremes, highest water levels and sea surface or air record temperatures. In this article, and on the basis of observed Pareto records drawn from a sequential sample of independent and identically distributed random variables, we address the problem of Bayesian prediction of future records. The Bayesian predictive distribution is developed for future records and the corresponding highest posterior density (HPD)‐prediction intervals are established. A data set representing the record values of average July temperatures in Neuenburg, Switzerland, is used to illustrate the proposed prediction procedure's environmental application. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Complex biallelic IGH rearrangements in IgM‐expressing Z‐138 cell line: Involvement of downstream immunoglobulin class switch recombination
Authors: Guikema Jeroen E. J. , Fenton James A. L. , de Boer Conny , Kleiverda Karin , Brink Antoinette A. T. P. , Raap Anton K. , Estrov Zeev , Schuuring Ed , Kluin Philip M. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractChromosomal translocations involving the immunoglobulin (Ig) receptor loci usually disrupt and silence these loci. On the basis of observations in follicular lymphoma (FL) with downstream Ig heavy chain (IGH) class switch recombination (CSR), we hypothesized that downstream CSR‐mediated chromosomal translocations would leave the V(D)J‐Cμ transcription unit intact, thereby still allowing IgM expression from the IGH allele involved in the translocation. To test this hypothesis, we analyzed biallelic IGH translocations in the IgM‐expressing cell line Z‐138 by interphase FISH, DNA fiber–FISH, long‐distance vectorette PCR, and DNA sequencing. One IGH allele was involved in a t(11;14), showing a break in the JH region that juxtaposed the Eμ enhancer and the 3′ Cα enhancers to the cyclin D1 gene. The other IGH allele contained a t(8;14) breakpoint involving the 3′ end of a Sγ region, whereas the reciprocal breakpoint at 8q24 was approximately 40 kb centromeric of MYC. Molecular analysis showed that this IGH allele harbored a normal V(D)J‐Cμ complex, which is responsible for IgM expression. These data show that chromosomal breakpoints such as the t(8;14) can occur in downstream IGH constant regions and do not necessarily interfere with Ig expression. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Two‐Stage sampling designs for gene association studies
Authors: Thomas Duncan , Xie Rongrong , Gebregziabher Mulugeta 
Published: November 2004

AbstractWe consider two‐stage case‐control designs for testing associations between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and disease, in which a subsample of subjects is used to select a panel of “tagging” SNPs that will be considered in the main study. We propose a pseudolikelihood [Pepe and Flemming, 1991: JASA 86:108–113] that combines the information from both the main study and the substudy to test the association with any polymorphism in the original set. SNP‐tagging [Chapman et al., 2003: Hum Hered 56:18–31] and haplotype‐tagging [Stram et al., 2003a; Hum Hered 55:27–36] approaches are compared. We show that the cost‐efficiency of such a design for estimating the relative risk associated with the causal polymorphism can be considerably better than for a single‐stage design, even if the causal polymorphism is not included in the tag‐SNP set. We also consider the optimal selection of cases and controls in such designs and the relative efficiency for estimating the location of a causal variant in linkage disequilibrium mapping. Nevertheless, as the cost of high‐volume genotyping plummets and haplotype tagging information from the International HapMap project [Gibbs et al., 2003; Nature 426:789–796] rapidly accumulates in public databases, such two‐stage designs may soon become unnecessary.Genet. Epidemiol. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.