bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamics of CRISPR-mediated virus-host interactions in the human gut microbiome
Authors: López-Beltrán Adrián , Botelho João , Iranzo Jaime 
Published: January 2024

AbstractArms races between mobile genetic elements and prokaryotic hosts are major drivers of ecological and evolutionary change in microbial communities. Prokaryotic defense systems such as CRISPR-Cas have the potential to regulate microbiome composition by modifying the interactions among bacteria, plasmids, and phages. Here, we used longitudinal metagenomic data from 130 healthy and diseased individuals to study how the interplay of genetic parasites and CRISPR-Cas immunity reflects on the dynamics and composition of the human gut microbiome. Based on the coordinated study of 80,000 CRISPR-Cas loci and their targets, we show that CRISPR-Cas immunity effectively modulates bacteriophage abundances in the gut. Acquisition of CRISPR-Cas immunity typically leads to a decrease in the abundance of lytic phages, but does not necessarily cause their complete disappearance. Much smaller effects are observed for lysogenic phages and plasmids. Conversely, phage-CRISPR interactions shape bacterial microdiversity by producing weak selective sweeps that benefit immune host lineages. Interestingly, distal (and chronologically older) regions of CRISPR arrays are enriched in spacers that are potentially functional and target crass-like phages and local prophages. This suggests that exposure to reactivated prophages and other endemic viruses is a major selective pressure in the gut microbiome that drives the maintenance of long-lasting immune memory.
Changes in the cellular makeup of motor patterning circuits drive courtship song evolution inDrosophila
Authors: Ye Dajia , Walsh Justin T. , Junker Ian P. , Ding Yun 
Published: January 2024

AbstractHow evolutionary changes in genes and neurons encode species variation in complex motor behaviors are largely unknown. Here, we develop genetic tools that permit a neural circuit comparison between the model speciesDrosophila melanogasterand the closely-related speciesD. yakuba, who has undergone a lineage-specific loss of sine song, one of the two major types of male courtship song inDrosophila. Neuroanatomical comparison of song patterning neurons called TN1 across the phylogeny demonstrates a link between the loss of sine song and a reduction both in the number of TN1 neurons and the neurites serving the sine circuit connectivity. Optogenetic activation confirms that TN1 neurons inD. yakubahave lost the ability to drive sine song, while maintaining the ability to drive the singing wing posture. Single-cell transcriptomic comparison shows thatD. yakubaspecifically lacks a cell type corresponding to TN1A neurons, the TN1 subtype that is essential for sine song. Genetic and developmental manipulation reveals a functional divergence of the sex determination genedoublesexinD. yakubato reduce TN1 number by promoting apoptosis. Our work illustrates the contribution of motor patterning circuits and cell type changes in behavioral evolution, and uncovers the evolutionary lability of sex determination genes to reconfigure the cellular makeup of neural circuits.
A specialized inhibitory function sharpens somatosensory hand representation and enhances the production and perception of fast multifinger movements in pianists
Authors: Hirano Masato , Kimoto Yudai , Shiotani Sachiko , Furuya Shinichi 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAccurate control of fast, coordinated movements across multiple body parts characterizes experts’ skills, such as playing musical instruments. While performing such skillful movements, the somatosensory system is challenged to successively and in parallel process a large amount of somatosensory information originating from different body parts within a short period. Over decades, it has been posited that the cortical representations of distinct body parts are more isolated from each other in trained than untrained individuals. Several recent studies, however, have re-examined and failed to replicate it. Here, we provide compelling evidence that expert pianists possess a unique inhibitory function that isolates the somatosensory processing of different body parts in the somatosensory cortex (S1). A behavioural experiment demonstrated a superior ability to perceive fast multifinger movements in pianists than musically untrained individuals, suggesting the specialized neural process of somatosensory information originating from multiple fingers within a short period in pianists. A series of neurophysiological experiments demonstrated that pianists have a unique inhibitory function in the S1, which was activated by weak electrical stimulation to the ulnar nerve. This stimulation also increased the representational distance between fingers, which was assessed based on cortical activation patterns elicited by the passive finger movements. This indicates the strengthened independence of the individual finger representation in the somatosensory processes specifically in pianists. This stimulation also augmented both the perception and execution of the fast and complex multifinger sequential movements. In nonmusicians, neither the inhibitory effects on the somatosensory process nor enhancement of the perception of multifinger movements was induced by this stimulation. Together, these findings provide the first evidence of the experience-dependent plasticity of inhibition of the somatosensory system, which highlights its pivotal role in the isolated somatosensory processing of multiple body parts in trained individuals and enables them to control fast and complex multifinger movements.
Widespread Peptide Surfactants with Post-translationalC-methylations Promote Bacterial Development
Authors: Zhang Chen , Seyedsayamdost Mohammad R. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBacteria produce a variety of peptides to mediate nutrient acquisition, microbial interactions, and other physiological processes. Of special interest are surface-active peptides that aid in growth and development. Herein, we report the structure and characterization of clavusporins, unusual and hydrophobic ribosomal peptides with multipleC-methylations at unactivated carbon centers, which help drastically reduce the surface tension of water and thereby aid inStreptomycesdevelopment. The peptides are synthesized by a previously uncharacterized protein superfamily, termed DUF5825, in conjunction with a vitamin B12-dependent radicalS-adenosylmethionine metalloenzyme. The operon encoding clavusporin is wide-spread among actinomycete bacteria, suggesting a prevalent role for clavusporins as morphogens in erecting aerial hyphae and thereby advancing sporulation and proliferation.
Multimodal archive resources organization based on deep learning: a prospective framework
Authors: Zhou Yaolin , Zhang Zhaoyang , Wang Xiaoyu , Sheng Quanzheng , Zhao Rongying 
Published: January 2024

PurposeThe digitalization of archival management has rapidly developed with the maturation of digital technology. With data's exponential growth, archival resources have transitioned from single modalities, such as text, images, audio and video, to integrated multimodal forms. This paper identifies key trends, gaps and areas of focus in the field. Furthermore, it proposes a theoretical organizational framework based on deep learning to address the challenges of managing archives in the era of big data.Design/methodology/approachVia a comprehensive systematic literature review, the authors investigate the field of multimodal archive resource organization and the application of deep learning techniques in archive organization. A systematic search and filtering process is conducted to identify relevant articles, which are then summarized, discussed and analyzed to provide a comprehensive understanding of existing literature.FindingsThe authors' findings reveal that most research on multimodal archive resources predominantly focuses on aspects related to storage, management and retrieval. Furthermore, the utilization of deep learning techniques in image archive retrieval is increasing, highlighting their potential for enhancing image archive organization practices; however, practical research and implementation remain scarce. The review also underscores gaps in the literature, emphasizing the need for more practical case studies and the application of theoretical concepts in real-world scenarios. In response to these insights, the authors' study proposes an innovative deep learning-based organizational framework. This proposed framework is designed to navigate the complexities inherent in managing multimodal archive resources, representing a significant stride toward more efficient and effective archival practices.Originality/valueThis study comprehensively reviews the existing literature on multimodal archive resources organization. Additionally, a theoretical organizational framework based on deep learning is proposed, offering a novel perspective and solution for further advancements in the field. These insights contribute theoretically and practically, providing valuable knowledge for researchers, practitioners and archivists involved in organizing multimodal archive resources.
Toward an enhanced methodology to mitigate challenges of applying participatory action research in managing innovation projects
Authors: Mehrabioun Mohammadi Mohammad 
Published: January 2024

PurposeThis research aims to examine the challenges of recruiting participatory action research (PAR) in managing innovation projects. An enhanced methodology based on PAR was developed to mitigate the challenges related to recruiting PAR in managing innovation projects. The proposed methodology was evaluated by comparing it to established methodologies/frameworks such as Scrum, Design Thinking (DT) and The Lean Startup (TLS). The evaluation aimed to determine the advantages and limitations of the proposed methodology in managing innovation projects.Design/methodology/approachThe proposed enhanced methodology consists of eight steps, ranging from developing an understanding of the industry and business structure to learning and knowledge management. In addition, the enhanced methodology uses other techniques, such as Force field analysis and 12 boundary questions.FindingsThe research findings indicate that using the proposed methodology can improve the formalization of collaboration in PAR, enabling the organization to respond better to market changes. It helps define the project scope more clearly, encouraging innovation, addressing communication barriers and considering different worldviews and practical issues. Based on the findings, the proposed enhanced methodology could complement other methodologies/frameworks such as Scrum, DT and TLS.Research limitations/implicationsThe current research adds to the existing literature by identifying the challenges of recruiting PAR in managing innovation projects. A deductive reasoning process was utilized because there is no comprehensive research concerning the challenges of recruiting PAR in managing innovation projects. On the other hand, the PAR 4-phase cycle has been reviewed and enhanced to manage innovation projects.Practical implicationsThe proposed methodology was used in a new product development project. The case study was done on one of the payment service provider companies that design, develop and deploy a digital product for marketing, installation, repair and maintenance of electronic funds transfer at point of sale devices.Originality/valueNo research has yet sought to identify the challenges of using PAR in innovation project management (IPM). Identifying the challenges associated with applying PAR in the IPM and providing an enhanced methodology to mitigate the challenges could fill a gap in IPM studies.
Competencies of the public servant and their impacts: a study in Brazil
Authors: Mainardes Emerson Wagner , Nogueira Eduardo Henrique Brandão , Brugni Talles Vianna 
Published: January 2024

PurposeThe authors aimed to investigate whether the competencies of public servants (self-competence, teamwork competence, change competence, communication competence (CC) and ethical competence) influence their organizational commitment and indirectly their job satisfaction.Design/methodology/approachBased on a structural model from the literature, the authors conducted a survey with 463 Brazilian public servants using a questionnaire, and the authors evaluated the measurement model through confirmatory component analysis (CCA). Then, the authors used partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) to analyze the structural model.FindingsThe authors' results showed that the ethical competence construct tends to have a direct positive influence on the organizational commitment construct and indirectly influences the job satisfaction of public servants. On the other hand, the authors found that the self-competence, teamwork competence, change competence and CC constructs did not impact organizational commitment or job satisfaction indirectly.Originality/valueThe authors conclude that developing ethical competence in public servants is likely to increase their organizational commitment and indirectly positively affect their job satisfaction. This research tested the five dimensions of competencies under a new focus, public service, seeking to evidence their relationships with the organizational commitment and job satisfaction of public servants, filling a gap in the literature.
A new set of Lean indicators to assess Greenhouse Gas emissions related to industrial losses
Authors: Braglia Marcello , Di Paco Francesco , Gabbrielli Roberto , Marrazzini Leonardo 
Published: January 2024

PurposeThis paper presents a new and well-structured framework that aims to assess the current environmental impact from a Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions perspective. This tool includes a new set of Lean Key Performance Indicators (KPIs), which translates the well-known logic of Overall Equipment Effectiveness in the field of GHG emissions, that can progressively detect industrial losses that cause GHG emissions and support decision-making for implementing improvements.Design/methodology/approachThe new metrics are presented with reference to two different perspectives: (1) to highlight the deviation of the current value of emissions from the target; (2) to adopt a diagnostic orientation not only to provide an assessment of current performance but also to search for the main causes of inefficiencies and to direct improvement implementations.FindingsThe proposed framework was applied to a major company operating in the plywood production sector. It identified emission-related losses at each stage of the production process, providing an overall performance evaluation of 53.1%. The industrial application shows how the indicators work in practice, and the framework as a whole, to assess GHG emissions related to industrial losses and to proper address improvement actions.Originality/valueThis paper scrutinizes a new set of Lean KPIs to assess the industrial losses causing GHG emissions and identifies some significant drawbacks. Then it proposes a new structure of losses and KPIs that not only quantify efficiency but also allow to identify viable countermeasures.
Stressors–performance relationship in public accounting firms: a quasi-longitudinal study
Authors: Bonache Adrien 
Published: January 2024

Purpose
This study aims to examine the changes in the correlations between stressors and performance in French chartered and accounting firms.

Design/methodology/approach
The linkages between role stressors and performance were analyzed through a quasi-longitudinal study of 476 chartered public accountants and trainee-chartered accountants surveyed before and after the busy season, using the partial least squares approach.

Findings
Only challenge appraisals are positively related to motivation before and after the 2018 busy season. Stress arousal is positively associated with burnout and physical symptoms. However, the associations between role ambiguity and conflict, and hindrance appraisals became insignificant after the busy season. The challenge appraisals–role ambiguity linkage persisted but reduced significantly. The burnout–performance association was insignificant in the two time periods.

Practical implications
A busy season with its increased challenge stressors has positive effects on performance through motivation but also negative effects through strains, which explains the observed insignificant net impact.

Originality/value
This quasi-longitudinal study first suggests the role of appraisals, motivation and physical symptoms as mediators of the effects of role stressors on performance. Then, it aids in the broad generalization of certain findings from previous studies. Finally, it demonstrates the applicability of the partial least squares approach, which has been hitherto under-used in behavioral accounting.
Review article: Emergency medical services transfer of severe traumatic brain injured patients to a neuroscience centre: A systematic review
Authors: Jones Ben , Dicker Bridget , Howie Graham , Todd Verity 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPatients with severe traumatic brain injuries require urgent medical attention at a hospital. We evaluated whether transporting adult patients with a severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) to a Neuroscience Centre is associated with reduced mortality. We reviewed studies published between 2010 and 2023 on severe TBI in adults (>18 years) using Medline, CINAHL, Google Scholar and Cochrane databases. We focused on mortality rates and the impact of transferring patients to a Neuroscience Centre, delays to neurosurgery and EMS triage accuracy. This review analysed seven studies consisting of 53 365 patients. When patients were directly transported to a Neuroscience Centre, no improvement in survivability was demonstrated. Subsequently, transferring patients from a local hospital to a Neuroscience Centre was significantly associated with reduced mortality in one study (adjusted odds ratio: 0.79, 95% confidence interval: 0.64–0.96), and 24‐h (relative risk [RR]: 0.31, 0.11–0.83) and 30‐day (RR: 0.66, 0.46–0.96) mortality in another. Patients directly transported to a Neuroscience Centre were more unwell than those taken to a local hospital. Subsequent transfers increased time to CT scanning and neurosurgery in several studies, although these were not statistically significant. Additionally, EMS could accurately triage. None of the included studies demonstrated statistically significant findings indicating that direct transportation to a Neuroscience Centre increased survivability for patients with severe traumatic brain injuries. Subsequent transfers from a non‐Neuroscience Centre to a Neuroscience Centre reduced mortality rates at 24 h and 30 days. Further research is required to understand the differences between direct transport and subsequent transfers to Neuroscience Centres.
Postoperative nausea and vomiting at Landspitali: A prospective study
Authors: Jakobsdottir Hilma , Tomasson Andri M. , Karason Sigurbergur , Sigurdsson Martin I. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundIn the last decade, anaesthesia practice has changed at Landspitali, where the majority of patients now receive antiemetic prophylaxis, and the use of total intravenous anaesthesia is the dominant mode for maintenance of anaesthesia. The aim of this study was to assess the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) in a prospective way, the use of PONV prophylaxis, and clinical risk factors associated with PONV during this era.MethodsA prospective cohort study using a convenience sample of 438 patients ≥18 years old admitted to the postoperative care unit (PACU) after elective or emergency operations in May–July 2022 at Landspitali University Hospital in Iceland. Patients answered questionnaires in the PACU and 24 h after discharge from PACU.ResultsThe incidence of self‐reported moderate/severe nausea (5/10 or higher on NRS) in PACU was 4% and 3% on postoperative day 1. A total of 91% of delivered anaesthetics were with intravenous medications only, and 82% of patients received at least one prophylactic medication for PONV. When asked to rate the worst nausea experienced, this was described as moderate/severe by 7% in PACU and 17% on postoperative day 1. Risk factors associated with PONV were female gender (OR 1.90, 95% CI 1.04–3.53) and a history of motion sickness or PONV (2.74, 1.51–4.94), but increasing age was protective (0.83 per decade, 0.71–0.98). Despite a more liberal administration of antiemetics, patients with more risk factors per Apfel PONV risk classification had a higher incidence of PONV.ConclusionThe incidence of PONV is generally low in this diverse surgical population where anaesthesia is mostly maintained with total intravenous anaesthesia and PONV prophylaxis is common. PONV remains a predictable complication following anaesthesia, suggesting further improvement in its prevention is possible.
Thoracoscopic versus thoracotomy lobectomy in children with congenital lung lesions: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Liu Xu , Wu Ziheng , Li Xin 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundThoracoscopic lobectomy is always compared with open thoracotomy in congenital lung lesions with no definitive results. This systematic review and meta‐analysis compared the clinical outcomes of thoracoscopic versus thoracotomy lobectomy in children.MethodsThe electronic databases MEDLINE, EMBASE, and PubMed were searched. A meta‐analysis was used to analyse and compare the operating time, length of hospital stay, and postoperative complications, such as wound infections and respiratory issues, in thoracoscopic and thoracotomy lobectomy.ResultsTwo thousand and ninety five paediatric patients were analysed over 17 studies (1 ambidirectional cohort study and 16 retrospective studies). Of these patients, 903 and 1192 had undergone thoracoscopic lobectomy and thoracotomy, respectively. There was a significant lower incidence of overall and respiratory complications and longer operative time for thoracoscopic lobectomy compared with thoracotomy in children; however, pooling the results for the two methods revealed no significant difference in wound infection or length of hospital stay.ConclusionThoracoscopic lobectomy offers the benefit of having fewer overall and respiratory complications than thoracotomy. It did not, however, clearly outperform open surgery in terms of operative time, wound infection, or postoperative hospitalization.