bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE EFFECT OF MEMBRANE RUPTURE ON FETAL HEART RATE IN INDUCED LABOUR
Authors: Steer P. J. , Little D. J. , Lewis N. L. , Kelly Mary C. M. E. , Beard R. W. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe influence of the state of the membranes on the fetal heart rate was studied in a group of twelve women whose membranes were electively ruptured for oxytocin induction of labour. The results have been compared with a group of eight women of similar gestation and parity whose membranes were kept intact. While membranes were ruptured, there was an increase in the frequency and amplitude of early decelerations throughout labour. The significance and practical implications of the results are discussed.
MATERNAL SERUM ALPHA‐FETOPROTEIN IN NORMAL PREGNANCY
Authors: Hay D. M. , Forrester P. I. , Hancock R. L. , Lorscheider F. L. 
Published: August 2005

SummarySerial measurements of alpha‐fetoprotein (AFP) were made in 63 normal pregnancies throughout gestation using a radioimmunoassay. Significant levels of AFP, which were detected as early as at 10 weeks gestation, showed a gradual rise until 32 weeks, after which the levels declined until term. The limits of the normal gestational pattern have been defined and the intrapatient variability of the assay was examined. A comparison of the clinical characteristics of the pregnancies with levels of AFP was made. Higher birth weights were correlated with later attainment of peak levels of AFP and peak levels were achieved earlier in gestation in female fetuses. Higher levels of AFP and lower oestriol/AFP ratios were correlated with an earlier onset of labour.
ARTERIAL PRESSURES IN NON‐PREGNANT WOMEN OF CHILD‐BEARING AGE IN ILE‐IFE, NIGERIA
Authors: Akinkugbe A. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe range of arterial pressures in non‐pregnant women between the ages of 15 and 44 years in Ile‐Ife, Western Nigeria, has been determined from a randomly selected group of 626 women. The survey showed a low range of arterial pressures in the women. Blood pressures within the group showed a tendency to rise with age except in those who were aged 40 to 44 years, where the small numbers may have yielded the unexpected lower arterial pressure levels. Parity did not seem to have exerted any clear influence on the blood pressures of the subjects. The exception is in the age group 30 to 34 years where increasing parity was associated with a lower systolic blood pressure. The results of the survey suggested that essential hypertension and chronic renal disease were not likely to be significant factors in the high incidence of pre‐eclampsia and eclampsia in the community.
THE MANAGEMENT AND NATURAL HISTORY OF SEVERE DYSPLASIA AND CARCINOMA IN SITU OF THE UTERINE CERVIX
Authors: Gad C. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThis report concerns 375 patients seen in Frederiksberg, Denmark, between 1951 and 1972: 103 of them had severe dysplasia and 272 of them carcinoma in situ of the uterine cervix. Thirty patients had no primary treatment: 9 of them developed invasive carcinoma, and 2 of these died; 12 patients had persistent intraepithelial abnormality of the ceivix and the other 9 patients showed no abnormality after varying periods of observation. Recurrences after cone biopsy were noted in 9·5 and 10·1 per cent of patients with severe dysplasia and carcinoma in situ respectively, and in 2 per cent of patients who had an in situ carcinoma treated by hysterectomy. This made a total of 15 patients with recurrences. All were ultimately cured although two patients were found to have invasive carcinoma.
THE OUTCOME OF PREGNANCY IN FORMER ORAL CONTRACEPTIVE USERS
Authors:   Royal Collegeof General Practitioners' Oral Contraception study
Published: August 2005

SummaryAs part of a continuing major prospective survey, the outcome of 5530 pregnancies in former oral contraceptive (pill) users was compared with the outcome of 11 009 pregnancies in the control series of women who had never used the pill. In former pill users there was a significantly higher induced abortion rate. There was no increase in the leported spontaneous abortion rate, and there is evidence to suggest that the true spontaneous abortion rate may be materially lower in former pill users. The previous use of oral contraceptives appeared to have no adverse effect on subsequent births.
A COMPARISON OF THE EFFECT OF EXTRADURAL AND PARENTERAL ANALGESIA ON MATERNAL PLASMA CORTISOL CONCENTRATIONS DURING LABOUR AND THE PUERPERIUM
Authors: Thornton C. A. , Carrie L. E. S. , Sayers Linda , Anderson Anne B. M. , Turnbull A. C. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryMaternal plasma levels of cortisol were measured serially by radioimmunoassay in two groups of 12 patients during induced labour and in the puerperium. One group was given continuous extradural analgesia throughout labour, the other group received pethidine and promazine in response to pain. Pre‐induction cortisol levels were significantly higher in patients who were to have extradural analgesia but the percentage increase in plasma cortisol during labour was considerably less than in patients with parenteral analgesia; in second stage labour, mean cortisol levels were the same in the two groups. This study suggests that patients who had chosen to have extradural analgesia may have been more anxious before labour than the other patients but continuous, extradural analgesia suppressed to some extent the percentage increase in mean cortisol levels found during labour in patients given parenteral analgesia. In the puerperium, there was no difference in mean cortisol levels in the two groups.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HLA ANTIBODIES AND THE CAUSAL PREGNANCY IN CHORIOCARCINOMA
Authors: Lawler Sylvia D. , Klouda P. T. , Bagshawe K. D. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryBy studying the HLA system, evidence of immunization by paternal antigens inherited by the antecedent child has been obtained in primiparous patients who subsequently developed choriocarcinoma. The same approach has been used to show which pregnancy was likely to be causal in two patients with complicated obstetric histories.
CERVICAL MUCUS AND IDENTIFICATION OF THE FERTILE PHASE OF THE MENSTRUAL CYCLE
Authors: Flynn Anna M. , Lynch S. S. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryNine healthy fertile women were studied during 29 menstrual cycles. A cervical mucus grading system, assessed by the patient and used in conjunction with basal body temperature, was correlated with plasma levels of luteinizing hormone (LH), oestradiol and plasma progesterone. The results show that a patient can be taught to predict the time of ovulation by observing the changes in the cervical mucus.
A CRITICAL REVIEW OF INTRAUTERINE FETAL TRANSFUSION
Authors: Palmer A. , Gordon R. R. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA critical review of 142 intrauterine fetal transfusions performed in 99 patients during 107 pregnancies raised doubts about the absolute benefit of the procedure. Two main problems emerged: the diagnostic criteria upon which decisions were based were inadequate and the fetal mortality associated with transfusion was high, especially when this was performed before 28 weeks. We measured amniotic fluid bilirubin concentration by a biochemical method but the results following intrauterine fetal transfusion were similar to those observed by others using spectrophotometric examination of amniotic fluid.
A FURTHER INVESTIGATION OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SERUM DIAMINE OXIDASE (DAO) AND GESTATIONAL AGE
Authors: Jones J. B. , Kelly Margaret 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA standard error of one to two weeks must be accepted if the duration of pregnancy is calculated from serum diamine oxidase (DAO) concentrations. After the 16th week of pregnancy, the enzyme concentration is too variable to be used for calculations of gestational age.
BUCCAL PROSTAGLANDIN E2 FOR INDUCTION OF LABOUR
Authors: Scott J. W. , Craft I. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe administration of buccal prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) was evaluated in 30 patients; effective uterine stimulation occurred in 90 per cent of those receiving a dose of 1 mg hourly. Two patients had a prolonged contraction on a single occasion during labour. The unpleasant taste of the tablets and a high incidence of nausea and vomiting indicated that buccal prostaglandins had no advantages over other methods of administering oxytocic agents.
SPONTANEOUS RUPTURE OF OVARIAN ARTERY ANEURYSM IN THE PUERPERIUM TWO CASE REPORTS AND A REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE
Authors: Burnett R. A. , Carfrae D. C. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA case of spontaneous puerperal rupture of an aneurysm of a branch of the right ovarian artery is reported and the histological and histochemical changes in the vessel wall are described. Identical changes were also seen in a similar case, previously reported. Some of the factors involved in the pathogenesis of these unusual vascular lesions are discussed.
THE PREDICTION OF DELIVERY DATE BY ULTRASONIC MEASUREMENT OF FETAL CROWN‐RUMP LENGTH
Authors: Drumm J. E. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe ultrasonic measurement of the fetal crown‐rump length (CRL) in early pregnancy was utilized to predict the date of delivery in 220 patients with reliable menstrual histories and in 186 patients with unreliable menstrual dates who began labour spontaneously. Ninety‐five per cent and 96·2 per cent respectively were delivered within 12 days of the predicted date. The CRL was found to be better than biparietal diameter measurements (p<0·001) and as good as a reliable menstrual history (p<0·5) in predicting the time of spontaneous onset of labour.
SMOKING IN PREGNANCY—EFFECTS ON BIRTH WEIGHT AND ON CYANIDE AND THIOCYANATE LEVELS IN MOTHER AND BABY
Authors: Pettigrew A. R. , Logan R. W. , Willocks J. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA total of 45 expectant mothers (20 smokers and 25 non‐smokers) and their babies was studied and, after 14 smokers and 14 non‐smokers had been closely matched for age, height, parity and social class, significant differences were observed between smokers and non‐smokers in the birth weights of the babies and in cyanide and thiocyanate levels in maternal blood and urine.
THE EFFECT OF DOXAPRAM ON FETAL BREATHING IN THE SHEEP
Authors: Hogg M. I. J. , Golding R. H. , Rosen M. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryIn five ewes of 105 to 120 days gestation intravenous doxapram (1·8 to 3·85 mg/kg) administered to the mother produced a dose‐related increase in fetal breathing. This effect of doxapram might prove useful as a test of human fetal health. Fetal breathing movements could be a sensitive indication of the effects of drugs on the human fetal respiratory system.
ALPHA‐FETOPROTEIN IN FETAL SKIN AND MUSCLE
Authors: Lawler Sylvia D. , Nash S. G. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe skin and muscles of human fetuses were used to obtain extracts of alphafetoprotein (AFP). Fetuses up to sixteen weeks gestation gave the highest yields. Rabbits immunized by concentrates from this source made anti‐AFP of a quality suitable for use in radioimmunoassay systems.
SELECTIVE INHIBITION BY DANAZOL OF FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE DURING THE LUTEAL PHASE
Authors: Lieberman B. A. , Thom S. , Murray M. A. F. , Jacobs H. S. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryIn each of six healthy, normally menstruating women, serum oestradiol, progesterone, basal and post luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) gonadotrophin measurements were made during the luteal phase of a normal cycle and in a subsequent cycle in which 800 mg of danazol was given daily from the fifth day after the presumptive date of ovulation. No differences in the serum oestradiol, progesterone, or basal gonadotrophin levels were detected, but there was a selective impairment of the follicle stimulating hormone response to LHRH. The implications of these findings are discussed.
PREGNANCY AND THE ACUTE PORPHYRIAS
Authors: Brodie M. J. , Moore M. R. , Thompson G. G. , Goldberg A. , Low R. A. L. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryAn analysis is presented of the obstetric histories of 50 women with acute porphyria, comprising 39 with acute intermittent porphyria, 3 with variegate porphyria and 8 with hereditary coproporphyria. Fifty‐four per cent of the women with acute intermittent porphyria had an acute attack of porphyria in pregnancy and/or the puerperium. Only one maternal death was recorded. One patient with variegate porphyria and two with hereditary coproporphyria had an attack related to pregnancy. The total fetal wastage was 13 per cent. The babies born to mothers with acute intermittent porphyria, who experienced an acute attack during pregnancy, were smaller than those in which no such attack occurred (P<0·001). In 13 non‐porphyric primigravidae there was a rise in urinary excretion of 8‐aminolaevulinic acid, porphobilinogen and coproporphyrin up to the 28th week of gestation. It is probable that pregnancy has some deleterious effects in acute porphyria but the prognosis of the porphyric pregnancy is much better than the literature suggests.
CIRCULATING LEVELS OF PREGNANCY‐SPECIFIC β1‐GLYCOPROTEIN IN EARLY PREGNANCY
Authors: Grudzinskas J. G. , Lenton E. A. , Gordon Y. B. , KELSO I. M. , Jeffrey D. , Sobowale O. , Chard T. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryCirculating levels of pregnancy‐specific β1‐glycoprotein (SP1 or PSβG), luteinizing hormone (LH) and human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) were measured serially in 9 subjects immediately after conception. Ovulation occurred spontaneously in 3 subjects, or followed administration of clomiphene citrate (2 subjects) or bromocriptine (4 subjects). The timing of ovulation was determined by the appearance of the LH surge. Levels of HCG were detected 10 to 16 days, and SP1, 18 to 23 days after ovulation. These findings suggest that the measurement of plasma levels of SP1 may provide valuable additional biochemical evidence of pregnancy.
CHANGES IN PROSTAGLANDIN F AND 13,14‐DIHYDRO‐15‐KETO‐PROSTAGLANDIN F CONCENTRATIONS IN AMNIOTIC FLUID AT THE ONSET OF AND DURING LABOUR
Authors: Keirse M. J. N. C. , Mitchell M. D. , Turnbull A. C. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryConcentrations of prostaglandin F (PGF) and its major circulating metabolite 13,14‐dihydro‐15‐keto‐PGF (PGFM) have been measured in amniotic fluid during spontaneous labour at term. Levels of both PGF and PGFM were significantly higher during early spontaneous labour, at a cervical dilatation of less than 4 cm, than before the onset of labour. Patients who started labour spontaneously but later required oxytocin therapy for failure to progress in first stage had lower levels of PGF and PGFM than patients who progressed adequately without oxytocin therapy. During spontaneous labour, concentrations of both PGF and PGFM increased significantly with advancing cervical dilatation.These data indicate that the accumulation of prostaglandins in amniotic fluid during labour is not due to decreased metabolism. They furthermore provide the strongest evidence available so far for an increase in intrauterine prostaglandin synthesis during human parturition.
THE ENDOCRINE PANCREAS IN SMALL‐FOR‐DATES INFANTS
Authors: Van Assche F. A. , Prins F. De , Aerts L. , Verjans M. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryIn a small series of pregnancies complicated by severe fetal growth retardation we found reduction of fetal endocrine pancreatic tissue and of the insulin‐producing β cells.
AN ASSESSMENT OF LAPAROSCOPY AS THE PRIMARY INVESTIGATION IN THE SUBFERTILE FEMALE
Authors: Templeton A. A. , Kerr M. G. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryOur experience with laparoscopy as the primary means of assessment of the female genital tract is described in 279 women attending a subfertility clinic. Thirty‐two per cent of patients with primary infertility and 60 per cent of patients with secondary infertility had significant pelvic disease. We feel that laparoscopy should replace other methods for the routine primary assessment of the genital tract in subfertile women.
ENDOCRINE CHANGES AND SYMPTOMATOLOGY AFTER OOPHORECTOMY IN PREMENOPAUSAL WOMEN
Authors: Chakravarti S. , Collins W. P. , Newton J. R. , Oram D. H. , Studd J. W. W. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe symptomatic and endocrine changes following hysterectomy and bilateral oophorectomy have been studied in 100 patients, 1 to 31 years after surgery. The most frequent symptoms at the time of interview were depression (62 patients), insomnia (48 patients), loss of libido (46 patients) and dyspareunia (38 patients). Vasomotor symptoms were recorded in 28 patients. Although 94 patients claimed that hot flushes were the first symptomatic changes noticed, 60 had complete relief from these symptoms within 6 months of surgery; 34 patients had no symptoms and only 4 patients were taking oestrogen therapy at the time of interview. Plasma oestradiol and testosterone levels were 78 per cent and 27 per cent respectively below the mean values of day 1 to 10 of the menstrual cycle, similar to those found at comparable years after a normal menopause. The plasma FSH level was about 14 times and the plasma LH level about twice the respective preoperative value. Unlike after the normal menopause, these gonadotrophin levels did not show any decline with increasing age. There was no correlation between plasma hormone levels and the presence of vasomotor symptoms or depression.
AMENORRHOEA AND LOSS OF WEIGHT
Authors: Knuth U. A. , Hull M. G. R. , Jacobs H. S. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryAmenorrhoea due to loss of weight was diagnosed in 39 of 170 consecutively investigated patients with amenorrhoea: 24 patients had anorexia nervosa but in the remainder this diagnosis could not be made with certainty. The only difference detected between the two groups was in their lowest weights. Endocrine tests revealed subnormal oestrogen production, low serum LH levels and a failure to ovulate in response to clomiphene. All patients were encouraged to put on weight and 14 resumed ovulatory menstrual cycles. In these patients the mean weight at resumption of ovulation exceeded the mean weight at presentation by 3·6 kg; in contrast, in the patients who remained amenorrhoeic, there was no significant increase of weight by the time of the last visit. Of 8 patients who complained of infertility, 5 ovulated and conceived. Thus dietary treatment of patients with amenorrhoea and loss of weight may replace gonadotrophin therapy for induction of ovulation in a significant proportion of patients with anovulatory infertility.
CORRELATIONS OF SIALOMUCINS AND IgA IN THE MATERNAL SERUM OF PRIMIPAROUS AND MULTIPAROUS SUBJECTS AT DELIVERY
Authors: Good W. , Cochran T. E. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryAttention is drawn to correlations between placental coefficients and maternal serum levels of IgA at delivery in primiparae and multiparae. These correlations associate maternal serum IgA with gestational performance and appear to discriminate between groups which differ in that respect. Similar correlations exist between the placental coefficient and maternal serum seromucoid, with group discrimination preserved in primiparae, but not multiparae. Direct correlations between serum seromucoid and IgA in maternal serum can be attributed to their mutual dependence on the size and state of the feto‐maternal interface, and may provide a means of detecting placental insufficiency in multigravidae.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SERUM OESTRADIOL LEVELS AND SERUM TRIGLYCERIDE, CHOLESTEROL AND PHOSPHOLIPID LEVELS IN NORMAL HUMAN PREGNANCY
Authors: Punnonen R. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryBlood samples were obtained for serum lipid and oestradiol measurement from 365 women between 7 to 41 weeks of normal pregnancy. In an additional 21 women serum lipid and oestradiol were measured at 20 to 23 weeks gestation and again at 30 to 33 weeks. Significant correlations were noted between changes in the serum triglyceride and oestradiol levels (P<0·001) and between changes in serum cholesterol and oestradiol levels (P<0·05). The changes in phospholipid and oestradiol levels were not significantly correlated (P<0·1). The serum triglyceride level (mean±SEM) was highest at 37 weeks gestation (3·8·0·3 mmol/1), an increase of 400 per cent over the level at 7 weeks. The serum phospholipid level increased by 108 per cent to its highest level (5·0±0·2 mmol/1) at 38 weeks and the cholesterol level increased by 93 per cent to its peak (8·7±0·3 mmol/1) at 38 weeks.
PLASMA URATE AND SERUM DEOXYCYTIDYLATE DEAMINASE MEASUREMENTS FOR THE EARLY DIAGNOSIS OF PRE‐ECLAMPSIA
Authors: Redman C. W. G. , Williams G. F. , Jones D. D. , Wilkinson R. H. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe value of measuring plasma urate and serum deoxycytidylate deaminase (dCMP deaminase) for the early diagnosis of pre‐eclampsia has been investigated in 45 patients. A combination of increased blood pressure and increased plasma urate identified 19 patients with a high incidence of fetal and maternal morbidity ascribable to pre‐eclampsia. Seventeen of the 19 patients also had an increased serum dCMP deaminase. Serial antenatal observations for a mean period of 104 days (36–179 days) on 33 of the patients demonstrated that plasma urate and serum dCMP deaminase increased together as early changes in the development of pre‐eclampsia. In six patients, blood pressure, plasma urate and serum dCMP deaminase all increased but in only one was the rise in blood pressure the first change. Elevations of plasma urate and serum dCMP deaminase are therefore both early features of pre‐eclampsia. Serial measurements can give warning of the disorder before the appearance of other clinical features. The change in dCMP deaminase is probably another reflection of early renal involvement in the pre‐eclamptic process.
INCREASE OF THE PROSTAGLANDIN PRECURSOR, ARACHIDONIC ACID, IN AMNIOTIC FLUID DURING SPONTANEOUS LABOUR
Authors: Keirse M. J. N. C. , Hicks B. R. , Mitchell M. D. , Turnbull A. C. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryConcentrations of free arachidonic acid have been measured by gas liquid chromatography in amniotic fluid obtained during spontaneous labour at term. Levels of arachidonic acid ranged from 0·14 to 2·2 μg/ml and increased significantly (P<0·01) with advancing cervical dilatation. Concentrations of arachidonic acid showed no significant relation to concentrations of either prostaglandin F or 13,14‐dihydro‐15‐keto‐prostaglandin F. These findings are discussed with respect to the role of arachidonic acid in the control of prostaglandin biosynthesis during human parturition.
OESTROGEN EXCRETION AND OVARIAN PATHOLOGY IN POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN WITH ATYPICAL HYPERPLASIA, ADENOCARCINOMA AND MIXED ADENOSQUAMOUS CARCINOMA OF THE ENDOMETRIUM
Authors: Rome M. , Brown J. B. , Mason T. , Smith Margery A. , Laverty C. , Fortune D. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryUrinary oestrogen and pregnanediol excretion were measured before and after hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo‐oophorectomy in 26 postmenopausal women with adenocarcinoma of the endometrium, 10 postmenopausal women with mixed adenosquamous carcinoma and 11 postmenopausal women with atypical hyperplasia (the patient groups). The results were compared with the values obtained in 22 active postmenopausal women, 20 hospitalized postmenopausal women and 18 women who had been subjected to hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo‐oophorectomy for cancer of the cervix (the control groups). The ovaries and Fallopian tubes obtained at operation were examined for evidence of current or past excessive oestrogen production. Preoperative oestrogen values were higher in the patient groups than in the controls and the elevated values persisted after oophorectomy. The implications of these findings are discussed.
THE RELATIVE EFFICACY OF BED REST, CERVICAL SUTURE, AND NO TREATMENT IN THE MANAGEMENT OF TWIN PREGNANCY
Authors: Weekes A. R. L. , Menzies D. N. , de Boer C. H. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryWe compared 60 twin pregnancies treated by bed rest, 37 treated by cervical suture and 36 receiving no active treatment. The incidence of the spontaneous onset of labour before 36 weeks of gestation, the mean gestational age at delivery, mean birth weights of the first and second twins and the incidence of small‐for‐dates babies' were similar in all three groups.