bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A systematic review of the normal tissue complication probability models and parameters: Head and neck cancers treated with conformal radiotherapy
Authors: Tajiki Sareh , Joya Musa , Gharekhani Vahideh , Richeson Dylan , Gholami Somayeh 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis systematic review study aims to provide comprehensive data on different radiobiological models, parameters, and endpoints used for calculating the normal tissue complication probability (NTCP) based on clinical data from head and neck cancer patients treated with conformal radiotherapy. A systematic literature search was carried out according to the PRISMA guideline for the identification of relevant publications in six electronic databases of Embase, PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar to July 2022 using specific keywords in the paper's title and abstract. The initial search resulted in 1368 articles for all organs for the review article about the NTCP parameters. One hundred and seventy‐eight articles were accepted for all organs with complete parameters for the mentioned models and finally, 20 head and neck cancer articles were accepted for review. Analysis of the studies shows that the Lyman‐Kutcher‐Burman (LKB) model properly links the NTCP curve parameters to the postradiotherapy endpoints. In the LKB model for esophagus, the minimum, and maximum corresponding parameters were reported as TD50 = 2.61 Gy with grade ≥3 radiation‐induced esophagitis endpoints as the minimum TD50 and TD50 = 68 Gy as the maximum ones. nmin = 0.06, nmax = 1.04, mmin = 0.1, and mmax = 0.65, respectively. Unfortunately, there was not a wide range of published articles on other organs at risk like ear or cauda equina except Burman et al. (Fitting of normal tissue tolerance data to an analytic function. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys Ther. 1991;21:123–135). Findings suggest that the validation of different radiobiological models and their corresponding parameters need to be investigated in vivo and in vitro for developing a more accurate NTCP model to be used for radiotherapy treatment planning optimization.
Effect of distance of treatment center on survival for HPV‐negative head and neck cancer patients
Authors: Farquhar Douglas R. , Masood Maheer M. , Lenze Nicholas R. , Tasoulas Jason , Sheth Siddharth , Lumley Catherine , Blumberg Jeffrey , Yarbrough Wendell G. , Zevallos Jose , Weissler Mark C. , Zanation Adam M. , Hackman Trevor G. , Olshan Andrew F. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundIn rural states, travel burden for complex cancer care required for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) may affect patient survival, but its impact is unknown.MethodsPatients with HPV‐negative HNSCC were retrospectively identified from a statewide, population‐based study. Euclidian distance from the home address to the treatment center was calculated for radiation therapy, surgery, and chemotherapy. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were used to examine the risk of 5‐year mortality with increasing travel quartiles.ResultsThere were 936 patients with HPV‐negative HNSCC with a mean age of 60. Patients traveled a median distance of 10.2, 11.1, and 10.9 miles to receive radiation therapy, surgery, and chemotherapy, respectively. Patients in the fourth distance quartile were more likely to live in a rural location (p < 0.001) and receive treatment at an academic hospital (p < 0.001). Adjusted overall survival (OS) improved proportionally to distance traveled, with improved OS remaining significant for patients who traveled the furthest for care (third and fourth quartile by distance). Relative to patients in the first quartile, patients in the fourth had a reduced risk of mortality with radiation (HR 0.59, 95% CI 0.42–0.83; p = 0.002), surgery (HR 0.47, 95% CI 0.30–0.75; p = 0.001), and chemotherapy (HR 0.56, 95% CI 0.35–0.91; p = 0.020).ConclusionFor patients in this population‐based cohort, those traveling greater distances for treatment of HPV‐negative HNSCC had improved OS. This analysis suggests that the benefits of coordinated, multidisciplinary care may outweigh the barriers of travel burden for these patients.
A Double‐Blind Study Comparing Two Single‐Dose Regimens of Ketorolac with Diclofenac in Pain Due to Cancer
Authors: Minotti Vincenzo , Betti Maura , Ciccarese Gianni , Fumi Guglielmo , Tonato Maurizio , Del Favero Albano 
Published: September 2023

Study Objective. To compare the analgesic efficacy and safety of two single doses of ketorolac with diclofenac in acute cancer pain.Design. Double‐blind, randomized, clinical study.Setting. Hospital‐based clinical research center.Subjects. One hundred eighty patients suffering acute, moderate, or severe cancer pain.Interventions. A single intramuscular injection of ketorolac 10 or 30 mg or diclofenac 75 mg.Measurements and Main Results. Pain intensity was assessed 30 minutes and 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 hours after injection or until rescue drug administration. In approximately 70% of patients all treatments provided prompt sustained pain relief throughout the 6‐hour observation period. There were no statistically significant differences in any of the analyzed efficacy measures among the three groups.Conclusion. Intramuscular ketorolac 10 mg is adequate to relieve cancer pain, and is equivalent to ketorolac 30 mg and to diclofenac 75 mg.
Network Meta‐Analysis Comparing the Efficacy of Therapeutic Treatments for Bronchiolitis in Children
Authors: Guo Caili , Sun Xiaomin , Wang Xiaowen , Guo Qing , Chen Dan 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundThis study aims to compare placebo (PBO) and 7 therapeutic regimens—namely, bronchodilator agents (BAs), hypertonic saline (HS), BA ± HS, corticosteroids (CS), epinephrine (EP), EP ± CS, and EP ± HS—to determine the optimal bronchiolitis treatment.MethodsWe plotted networks using the curative outcome of several studies and specified the relations among the experiments by using mean difference, standardized mean difference, and corresponding 95% credible interval. The surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) was used to separately rank each therapy on clinical severity score (CSS) and length of hospital stay (LHS).ResultsThis network meta‐analysis included 40 articles from 1995 to 2016 concerning the treatment of bronchiolitis in children. All 7 therapeutic regimens displayed no significant difference to PBO with regard to CSS in our study. Among the 7 therapies, BA performed better than CS. As for LHS, EP and EP ± HS had an advantage over PBO. Moreover, EP and EP ± HS were also more efficient than BA. The SUCRA results showed that EP ± CS is most effective, and EP ± HS is second most effective with regard to CSS. With regard to LHS, EP ± HS ranked first, EP ± CS ranked second, and EP ranked third.ConclusionsWe recommend EP ± CS and EP ± HS as the first choice for bronchiolitis treatment in children because of their outstanding performance with regard to CSS and LHS.
The effects of exercise on sleep disturbances and cancer‐related fatigue for female breast cancer survivors receiving adjuvant hormone therapy: A systematic review
Authors: McGrorry Anna Rose , Paterson Amy , Peddie Nicola 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundBreast cancer is the most common type of cancer, accounting for 15% of all new cases. Hormone therapy (HT) is extremely effective in reducing breast cancer recurrence. However, adherence to HT medication is often poor due to negative side effects such as fatigue and sleep disturbances. Physical activity has been identified as a possible intervention to improve quality of life and reduce side effects of HT.ObjectiveThe objective of this systematic review was to summarise evidence of exercise interventions for women being treated with HT for breast cancer.MethodElectronic searches were conducted from inception to March 2022 using Medline, SPORTdiscus, Embase, Scopus, PsycINFO and Web of Science databases. Searches included a combination of terms related to breast cancer, exercise, sleep disturbances, fatigue and HT.ResultsTen eligible papers were identified, and their quality was assessed. Type, frequency, duration and intensity of exercise interventions varied. Exercise types included aerobics, strength/resistance training, walking and yoga. Heterogeneity of data made it difficult to draw conclusions. However, aerobic exercise interventions provide clear improvements in fatigue and sleep disturbances.ConclusionsThis review identified a lack of consistency in exercise recommendations for women being treated for breast cancer. It identifies that aerobic exercise can successfully improve fatigue and sleep disturbances, consistent with existing literature. Exercise has a range of benefits for this population, including improving psychological well‐being and quality of life. Clinicians should strongly advocate for engagement in exercise to promote overall physical and psychological well‐being in women being treated for breast cancer.
The transition from used fuel container corrosion under oxic conditions to corrosion in an anoxic environment
Authors: Salehi Alaei Elham , Guo Mengnan , Chen Jian , Behazin Mehran , Bergendal Erik , Lilja Christina , Shoesmith David W. , Noël James J. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe conversion of copper oxide films on copper to copper sulfide has been investigated in sulfide‐containing chloride solutions. Single‐phase Cu2O films and duplex films consisting of Cu2O and CuO, and possibly Cu(OH)2, were prepared electrochemically on copper specimens at various applied potentials and characterized using Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive X‐ray analyses. The surface condition of the specimens subsequently exposed to a solution containing sulfide was monitored by measuring the corrosion potential (Ecorr) for various exposure periods, then cathodic stripping voltammetry was performed. Cuprite (Cu2O) was observed to be converted to Cu2S by chemical reaction with sulfide, while the conversion mechanism for the mixed deposit could comprise a galvanic process involving CuII reduction coupled to the formation of Cu2S by the reaction of sulfide with copper within pores in the Cu2O/CuO surface film and a chemical conversion of Cu2O to Cu2S. Cupric hydroxide was not converted to Cu2S on the time scale (24 h) of these experiments.
Investigation of Magnetic Electrodes in Conducting Polymeric Materials: Electrochemical Properties of a Fullerene[C60]‐Pd Polymer and Iron Oxide Magnetic Nanocomposite
Authors: Wysocka‐Zolopa Monika , Wojtulewski Kazimierz , Basa Anna , Satuła Dariusz M. , Markiewicz Karolina H. , Grądzka Emilia , Winkler Krzysztof 
Published: September 2023

AbstractA composite of iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles and coordination fullerene polymer (C60Pd3)n is formed by chemical deposition of spherical polymer nanoparticles on iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles in benzene containing C60 and Pd(0) complex. The composition of the composite can be controlled by the amount of magnetite and concentration of polymerization precursors as well as the time of polymerization. The magnetic composite material Fe3O4‐γFe2O3/(C60Pd3)n is used as a model system to investigate its deposition on a magnetic electrode and its electrochemical properties. The iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles ensure both the magnetic activity of the composite and its nanostructured morphology. Both of these factors are responsible for the enhancement of the electrochemical activity of the polymer phase forming the composite in comparison to the pure polymer material deposited on the same magnetic electrode. In the magnetic field of the electrode, the composite undergoes permanent and strong bonding with the surface of the electrode. The nanostructured morphology of the Fe3O4‐γFe2O3/(C60Pd3)n composite also provides very good capacitive properties.
Acceleration invariance principle for Hougaard processes in degradation analysis
Authors: Peng Chien‐Yu , Dong Yi‐Shian , Fan Tsai‐Hung 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAccelerated degradation tests (ADTs) are widely used to assess lifetime information under normal use conditions for highly reliable products. For the accelerated tests, two basic assumptions are that changing stress levels does not affect the underlying distribution family and that there is stochastic ordering for the life distributions at different stress levels. The acceleration invariance (AI) principle for ADTs is proposed to study these fundamental assumptions. Using the AI principle, a theoretical connection between the model parameters and the accelerating variables is developed for Hougaard processes. This concept can be extended to heterogeneous gamma and inverse Gaussian processes. Simulation studies are presented to support the applicability and flexibility of the Hougaard process using the AI principle for ADTs. A real data analysis using the derived relationship is used to validate the AI principle for accelerated degradation analysis. All technical details, simulation results for nonlinear cases and model mis‐specification analysis are available online as Supporting Information.
Effectiveness of a virtual reality application‐based education programme on patient safety management for nursing students: A pre‐test–post‐test study
Authors: Oh Jae Woo , Kim Ji Eun 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAimsWe aimed to develop a virtual reality‐based smartphone application that improves patient safety competency among nursing students in terms of knowledge, attitudes and confidence in patient safety management. We also sought to evaluate the effects and utility of the application in improving patient safety competency.DesignA parallel, randomized controlled pre‐ and post‐test trial was conducted to test the effects of knowledge, attitudes and performance confidence in patient safety management.MethodsParticipants were randomly allocated to the experimental (n = 22), in which nursing students received a two‐week mobile web‐based training programme covering key topics in patient safety management or the control group (n = 22), in which nursing students received a training booklet. Participants completed a pre‐test and two post‐test questionnaires to assess the program's impact. The evaluation tools were patient safety management knowledge, attitude and patient safety management performance confidence scale. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics, homogeneity test for pre‐test, unpaired t‐test and repeated measures ANOVA.ResultsPatient safety competency in the experimental group improved significantly in terms of knowledge (from 11.68 to 18.55, p < 0.000), attitude (from 3.38 to 4.01; p < 0.005) and performance confidence (from 3.93 to 4.52; p < 0.000) compared with the control group. Our findings suggest that mobile app‐based education using virtual reality may be effective in enhancing patient safety management in nursing education.
Concentration of ptaquiloside, a major carcinogen in bracken fern (Pteridium spp.), from eastern australia and from a cultivated worldwide collection held in Sydney, Australia
Authors: Smith Barry L. , Seawright Alan A. , Ng Jack C. , Hertle Andrew T. , Thomson John A. , Bostock Peter D. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractTwo surveys of bracken fern for the concentration of the carcinogen ptaquiloside (PT) have been carried out, one of bracken fern from the eastern side of Australia and the other from a worldwide collection of bracken clones held in Sydney Australia. Bracken from eastern Australia contained concentrations of ptaquiloside ranging from 0 to 12,945 μg PT/g. From 91 samples 15% contained greater than 5,000 μg PT/g and 57% of samples contained more than 1,000 μg PT/g bracken on the dry weight basis. Ptaquiloside concentrations were highest in Pteridium revolutum and from P. esculentum from areas where bovine enzootic haematuria was known to occur. Bracken from the cultivated bracken clone collection from worldwide sources tended to have lower concentrations of ptaquiloside ranging from 0 to 9,776 μg PT/g. From 77 samples, 8% contained more than 5,000 μg PT/g and 35% contained more than 1,000 μg PT/g bracken. Samples from both the eastern Australia survey and the Australian representatives in the worldwide collection showed significantly higher concentrations of PT in the P. esculentum collected from the more southern states. In samples from the worldwide collection there were no statistical differences in the concentrations of PT in bracken between taxa.
3‐Nitropropionic acid toxicity in cultured murine embryonal carcinoma cells
Authors: Pass Michael A. , Carlisle Carol H. , Reuhl Kenneth R. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe morphologic and histochemical effects of 3‐nitropropionic acid (NPA) were examined in cultured murine embryonal carcinoma cells. NPA caused a dose‐dependent inhibition of cell proliferation of cultured murine embryonal carcinoma cells at concentrations above 1.05 mM and was lethal at 4.2 mM. Morphologic changes included gross swelling of the cells, swelling of mitochondria and accumulation of organellar debris within the cytoplasm. NPA inhibited the activity of succinate dehydrogenase but not of malate, isocitrate or glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenases, resulting in a decrease in intracellular ATP. Although succinate dehydrogenase activity was decreased by NPA, propionic acid and its mercapto‐, 2‐chloro‐, and 3‐chloro‐ derivatives did not affect enzyme activity. 3‐Nitropropanol also inhibited succinate dehydrogenase but only at a much higher concentration than was required with NPA. The results provide evidence that cytotoxicity caused by NPA results from inhibition of succinate dehydrogenase activity leading to depression of ATP synthesis. Loss of cellular integrity is probably a direct consequence of failure of energy‐dependent cell homeostatic mechanisms such as the plasma membrane Na+/K+ pump, resulting in swelling and ultimately lysis of the cell.
Effect of glass fiber reinforcement on compressive strength of photopolymer composite fabricated using vat‐photopolymerization additive technique: An experimental and modeling approach
Authors: Moharana Annada Prasad , Kumar Siddharth , Raj Ratnesh , Singh Sarthak S. , Dixit Amit Rai 
Published: September 2023

AbstractShort or nanofillers‐reinforced composites increase the thermo‐mechanical characteristics of additive manufacturing (AM) base materials. Effective outputs were regulated via parametric optimisation and custom production. One of the most used AM method, Vat photopolymerization (VPP), creates complex and geometrically precise photopolymer parts. This study prepares photopolymer composite (PPC) samples with 2.0, 4.0, 6.0, and 8.0 volume percentages of short glass fiber (SGF) using an inter‐stage stirring method in DLP‐based VPP process. An adequate curing time and formable layer thickness were evaluated for the printability performance of SGF‐photopolymer composite. The 4.0% PPC‐sample showed a 20% higher compressive yield strength than pure photopolymer and other volume fractions. The consequences of increased strength values were assessed by the effect of stirring method and the fractography analysis of PPC specimen. The investigation additionally encompassed numerical simulations that employed an innovative technique for constructing and simulating three‐dimensional representative volume elements (RVEs). The RVEs were designed to replicate the experimental outcomes by randomly situating and orienting fillers within the matrix. The study employs the calibrated Three Network (TN) viscoplastic constitutive material model as the matrix property, and the simulation results demonstrate a margin of error of 5%–10% when compared to the experimental findings.Highlights
Layer‐wise availability of SGFs through inter‐stage stirring method
The exposure time and layer thickness were determined by Jacob's working curve
Concept of RVE is used to combine individual SGF layers into a single layer
SEM showed that increasing SGF layer resists cracking better than neat matrix
Experimental data and numerical simulations are in good agreement
Nanomechanical‐based classification of prostate tumor using atomic force microscopy
Authors: Zeng Jinshu , Zhang Yan , Xu Renfeng , Chen Huitin , Tang Xiaoqiong , Zhang Sheng , Yang Hongqin 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe loss of mechanical homeostasis between tumor cells and microenvironment is an important factor in tumor metastasis. In the process, mechanical forces affect cell proliferation, differentiation, migration and tissue development.AimsUsing high spatial resolution of Atomic force microscopy (AFM) technology, our study provides the direct measurement of the nanomechanical properties of prostate cancer clinical tissue specimens.Materials and MethodsAFM was used to determine the biomechanical properties of prostate tissue with different grade scores. K‐means clustering method and fuzzy C‐means were used to distinguish the cellular component in prostate tissue from non‐cellular component based on their viscoelasticity. Futhermore, AFM measurements in vitro cells, including metastatic prostate cells (PC‐3) and normal human prostate cells (PZ‐HPV‐7) were carried out.ResultsThe Young's modulus was decreased in prostate cancer progression, and the elasticity of cellular component in prostate cancer tissue was smaller than that of normal prostate tissue. PC‐3 cells were softer than PZ‐HPV‐7 cells. Further mechanism investigation showed that the difference in modulus between cancerous and normal prostate tissue may be associated with a greater actin cytoskeleton distribution inside the cancer cells.ConclusionThe results suggests that the nanomechanical properties can classify the prostate tumor, which could be used as an index for the identification and classification of cancer at cellular level.
Development and internal validation of a nomogram predicting significant prostate cancer: Is it clinically applicable in low prevalent prostate cancer countries? A multicenter study
Authors: Arafa Mostafa A. , Farhat Karim H. , Khan Farrukh K. , Rabah Danny M. , Elmorshedy Hala , Mokhtar Alaa , Al‐Taweel Waleed 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundAccurately identifying aggressive prostate tumors and studying them as a separate outcome are urgently needed. Nomogram is a predictive tool using an algorithm, it has been widely applied in clinical practice to predict prognosis. We aimed to develop and internally validate a nomogram predicting clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa).MethodsData were retrieved from the records of the two main hospitals in Riyadh, during the period 2019–2022. Significant variables associated with csPCa cases were used to develop and internally validate a novel nomogram, utilizing the C index, and calibration curves. Decision curve analysis (DCA) was used to assess its clinical utility.ResultsProstate imaging reporting and data system (PI‐RADS), smaller prostate volume, and prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) > 10 ng/mL were significantly associated with the risk csPCa, respectively. The model developed by the nomogram showed an excellent accuracy for csPCa discrimination, as indicated by area under the curve (0.83), and calibration curves. DCA showed that our model was superior and surpassed all other models with a larger net benefit for various threshold probabilities. Based on our model, at a probability threshold of 30%, biopsying patients is the equivalent of a strategy that led to an absolute 5% reduction in the number of biopsies without missing any csPCa.ConclusionThe developed nomogram consisting of PI‐RAD, total PSA, and prostate volume showed a robust predictive capacity for csPCa before prostate biopsy that may be valuable for clinical judgment to prevent needless biopsy. Yet, the small percentage (5%) of yielded unnecessary biopsies that could be saved by using such a model, cast an important question on its merit and clinical applicability.