bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adolf Hitler, The Mission Of The Nazi Movement
Authors: Griffin Roger 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
No movement has operated with such a thorough knowledge of the characteristics of the masses as the Marxist movement. It knows that the mass has respect for force and decisiveness, and has replaced the weakness of the bourgeoisie and its indecisiveness with brute force and brute will-power. It has ruthlessly subjugated the individual, and has placed the worker before the alternative: ‘Either you will be my brother or I will smash your skull in.· In my youth I got to know this movement in both these aspects. The bourgeois parties do not know them or do not wish to know them. Armed with this insight I had to join this young movement,15 one which refuses to start out from the position: ‘We want to see to it that we will have some share in the future, more or less.’ Instead our movement has recognized that the future of Germany means ‘the destruction of Marxism’. Either this racial poison, the mass tuberculosis, grows in our people, and Germany dies of an infected lung, or it is eliminated, and Germany can then thrive. Not before. Only a young movement can be inoculated with this principle, which is not perverted by any compromises or coalitions, but declares as a basic premiss: ‘We can never make a pact with this world-view; for us Germany will be saved on the day on which the last Marxist has either been converted or has been broken.’ There is no middle way.
Gottfried Benn, The New Breed Of Gennan
Authors: Griffin Roger 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
No one can doubt any more[ ] that behind the political events in Germany there lies a historical transformation of unfathomable consequences. The cultural sheen of an epoch is flaky and breaks up. Along sutures in the organic the forces of heredity stir; from defects in the centres of regeneration the human gene pushes towards the light. There values which were once stable and authentic melt into the shadows. There accomplishments are transformed and become unrecognizable: the centuries of propagation are at an end.
Paula Siber, The New German Woman
Authors: Griffin Roger 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Fascism clearly represents an extreme form of’male chauvinism’, and one scholar (Theweleit: see Text 158) has located its basic obsession with decadence in a pathologicalfear(and hence hatred) of women. The official policy on women as outlined in this programmatic text could equally well have been written under the Third Reich or the Third Rome. It was written by the acting head of the Deutsche Frauenwerk (Association of German Woman), from1933 run by the NS Frauenschaft, which had been set up in1931 as an organization for all female NSDAP members. It should be remembered when reading such reactionary texts that fascist leaders claimed to be revolutionizing traditional womanhood and motherhood by making them vital to the creation of the rejuvenated national community. Under Nazism this was to involve in practice not just encouragement to have large families and provide a source of menial labour whenever the State required it, but collusion in the eugenics, euthanasia, war, and genocide organized by the menfolk.
Helmuth Langenbucher, The Successful Cleansing Of German Culture
Authors: Griffin Roger 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
For the second time since the appearance of my Volkhafte Dichtung der Zeit in 1933 a new edition has become necessary. Reflecting on the way and extent to which the new edition should be modified persuaded me that the book needed a completely new form. The tasks which this volume has to fulfil today have changed since 1933. Then it was appropriate to establish the broad outlines of a new way of evaluating and presenting literary life. It was appropriate to indicate clearly the un-German manifestations of a past age which had laid claim to an intolerable degree of influence over the spiritual life of the German people. Its primary concern was to prepare the way for ageneral appreciation of those poets in whose works the life of the German people in all its radiant aspects has been turned into images and symbols.
Paul Herre, The New European Order
Authors: Griffin Roger 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The European unity which had enjoyed democratic favour, and which was nothing other than the domination ofBritish and French imperialism, camouflaged behind hollow and misleading slogans, broke down, and the principle of nationalism, which had been crushed underfoot but which had become the central axiom of Europe and the foundation of any European order, gained ground again. In its wake the principle of vital space [Lebensraum] reasserted itself. This had been the foundation of the German-Italian alliance of 22 May 1939,34 and laid the basis for the creation of an Italian empire in the Mediterranean and the Great German Reich in the heart of the continent. European history had returned to its startingpoint.
Walter Gross, Improving The Stock
Authors: Griffin Roger 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In principle the promotion of the purity of one’s own race and its protection against the infiltration of alien races is a vital requirement of volkisch politics for all peoples and races, and extends beyond the Jewish problem.[... ] But in this context the problem posed by Jewry acquires a twofold significance. For a long time it constituted the only serious threat to European peoples and thus was for practical purposes largely identical with the racial problem itself. Beyond this it has become the immediate cause for a concern with questions of race and racial politics, and opened the way to fundamental insights which, even after the Jewish danger has been overcome, will be part of the tools and arsenal of truly German politics for ever more.
Adolf Hitler, The Rebirth Of National Socialism
Authors: Griffin Roger 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this extract from the last official words of the Fuhrer (the full text can be found in another translation in Noakes and Pridham 1974: 677-9) the dividing-line between belief and propaganda, conviction and rhetoric, is as difficult to draw as ever: Hitler may well not have intended a war against England and America, but did he really think it had been caused by an international Jewish conspiracy? Did he feel anything at all for the millions of Germans whose lives had been shattered by the war (a question not even worth asking about the countless millions of’enemy’ lives his regime had systematically destroyed)? Is it conceivable that he felt any sense of solidarity with his armed forces, hundreds of thousands of whom died unnecessarily because of his refusal to surrender? What do seem to be irreducible constants in his world-view even in the hour ofhis death is ananti-Semitism so pathological that he can project his hatred beyond the grave, and a palingenetic temperament so deeply rooted that he looks forward to the rebirth of National Socialism from the ashes of the Third Reich, a rebirth which would beat bottom nothing other than his own reincarnation.
Lapua, The Battle For The New Finland
Authors: Griffin Roger 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Between God and Satan, white and red, no middle road exists. The hour of our destiny has arrived, we must align ourselves with the one or the other.
Two spirits are today fighting for world supremacy, one of them destructive, the other constructive. The former spirit wants to tear asunder all conceptions of justice, and all divine and moral laws, along with the social order built upon them. It endeavours to overturn thrones and established churches, to eradicate loyalty and humbleness from human hearts, and to foment such general dissatisfaction that it will lead to a war in which everyone is pitted against everyone else. The aim is to enable someone-a Dictator-Jew, or some small faction?-standing on the ruins ofburnt-down homes and bloodstained churches, to exert tyrannical power at will in the name of the ‘proletariat’ while in fact solely pursuing his own interests. The second spirit, by contrast, endeavours to preserve those values already created, and to build a new Finland based on godliness and the rule of law.[ )
Osse Wabrand Wag , The Reawakening Of The Boerevolk
Authors: Griffin Roger 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Though Latin America is widely perceived, especially by Marxists, as a breedingground of fascism, the hegemony of propertied, religious, and military (and hence conservative) elites has been generally so powerful that genuinely populist forms of rebirth ultra-nationalism have been systematically denied the space to establish themselves as regimes. The Per6nist regime in Argentina at first seems to constitute an exception to this rule, but it lacks the radical palingenetic and ultranationalist thrust to constitute an example of fascism. As for movements, there has been no shortage of radical right-wing groups, whether paramilitary or populist, some of which have gone beyond crude anti-communism to share common ground with fascism (for example, the inter-war Mexican Sinarquistas, the Paraguayan Febreristas, or the post-war Frente Nadonal Patria y Libertad in Chile), but almost all have lacked the radicalism necessary to carry through a social and ideological revolution. The two exceptions to this have been the National Socialists in Chile and the Brazilian lntegralist Action (see Alexander 1973).
Vilfredo Pareto,Black Sheep .
Authors: Griffin Roger 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Let’s consider Fascism. Admittedly, every flock has its black sheep, and even among the Fascists there were individuals who were in it for their own immediate gain, but these were exceptions. The vast majority followed a line of conduct in the pursuit of an almost mystical ideal: the celebration of national sentiment and the power of the State, the reaction against pseudo-liberal, pacifist, and humanitarian forms of democratic ideology. This feeling was often nebulous: but the majority I speak of was guided steadfastly and ably towards the conquest of centralized power. It won. It applied a law, one which in my Sociologut I had deduced from countless facts, according to which a movement whose leaders have a highly developed instinct for exploiting unforeseen conjunctures of events and whose rank-and-file is motivated by powerful idealism will win out over all other forces.
Johann w. Mannhardt, the italian volksstaat
Authors: Griffin Roger 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
What sense can Fascism have for the development of Italians, who, as we have already said, first started to become a people with Dante? Here too Mussolini’s words point the way. So far the Italian State has never become one with the Italian people. As an incomplete people it had not yet found an appropriate form of state. The Fascist state simply sets out to be the State of the Italian people. Perhaps it will succeed. It would then achieve its greatest significance. Italy would become a Volksstaat just as England and France are, because to be a Volksstaat does not mean putting into practice vague notions about the nation and the State plucked out of the air, but that a particular nation has found the form of State which corresponds to its essence. Thus Fascism would be for Italy what puritanism was for England and liberalism was for France.
Puritanism and liberalism have not only been determining influences on the formation of the Volksstaat in England and France, but have been the dominant intellectual forces throughout the whole of the West. Fascism draws its best energies from what is for the time being a completely nebulous value system in which the rejection ofliberalism is much more evident than any positive content. Even the longing to overcome the Enlightenment and thereby both liberalism and democracy is something encountered throughout the whole of the West, if not the whole ‘civilized world’. It must be considered a sutprising contrast to earlier intellectual climates that the political expression of this longing for a new set of values should manifest itself so early.
Erwin Von Beckerath, The Italian Experiment
Authors: Griffin Roger 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Italian experiment which is playing itself out before the eyes of Europe is of extreme interest for these reasons. First, what is being undertaken is the creation of an authoritarian State in true eighteenth-century fashion, which simultaneously is infused with the energies of modem life. Secondly, it is the attempt to consolidate the supremacy of the state over a new type of economic system,5 one in which political-economic considerations take priority over private activity. Finally, it is the bid to solve the problem of distribution, which is liable to generate conflicts of interest which can be politically dangerous, through higher political authorities. The primacy of the political over the economic is nevertheless an eminently European concept.
George Orwell, Rabbits Ruled By Stoats
Authors: Griffin Roger 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
It was easy to laugh at Fascism when we imagined that it was based on hysterical nationalism, because it seemed obvious that the Fascist states, each regarding itself as the chosen people and patriotic contra mundum, would clash with one another. But nothing of the kind is happening. Fascism is now an international movement, which means not only that the Fascist nations can combine for purposes ofloot, but that they are groping, perhaps only half consciously asyet, towards a world-system. For the vision of the totalitarian state there is being substituted the vision of the totalitarian world. As I pointed out earlier, the advance of machine-technique must lead ultimately to some form of collectivism, but that form need not necessarily be equalitarian; that is, it need not be Socialism. Pace the economists, it is quite easy to imagine a world-society, economically collectivist-that is, with the profit principle eliminated-but with all political, military, and educational power in the hands of a small caste of rulers and their bravos.
Max Horkheimer, The Iron Heel
Authors: Griffin Roger 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Today to appeal to nineteenth-century liberal thought in the struggle against fascism is to invoke the very force which has enabled it to triumph. As victor it can appropriate the slogan ‘let the most able rise to the top’. Fascism has triumphed so conclusively in the competitive struggle between nations that it can actually eliminate competition altogether·. Laissezfaire, laissez-aller,’ it might well ask, ‘why can’t I do what I want? Am I not the employer and provider for just as many of the masses as any freewheeling economic giant? I am even at the cutting edge of chemistry. Labouring masses, colonialists, dissatisfied elements complain. My god, haven’t they always?’
Jews have little to hope from the Second World War. However it ends, a seamless process of militarization is leading the world ever deeper into authorita¬rian-collective forms oflife. The German war economy in the First World War was a forerunner of modem ‘five-year plans’; the compulsory conscription used in modem warfare between nations is a major constituent of totalitarian social engin¬eering.
Bernt Hagtvet And Stein Larsen, Paradigms Of Fascism
Authors: Griffin Roger 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Writing the history of fascism today inevitably means writing the history of scholarship on fascism. From its very inception fascism provoked analysis. A typology of the existing body of literature could also be organized along chronological lines. Leaving principles of organization aside, we would like to survey the main strands of theorizing in the field. Here we shall confine ourselves to a mapping of the intellectual landscape.[ ] In subsequent sections we shall single out a few of these traditions for analytic discussion.
Joachim Petzold,The View From East Germany
Authors: Griffin Roger 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The reasons why Nazi ideology grew out of the Zeitgeist which so many refer to and took on a quite specific political form, are sought by bourgeois historians in every possible sphere, but very rarely in the monopoly capital stage of capitalist society’s development. It was on this point even before the Second World War that the bourgeois sociologist Max Horkheimer made the extremely perceptive observation, ‘Whoever is not prepared to talk about capitalism should remain silent about fascism.’ The question of what relationship the Nazi movement and fascist activism have at all to monopoly capital has become the main focus of the controversy between Marxist and non-Marxist historians in the field of fascist studies. It will also lie at the heart of the present investigation.
INTRODUCTION
Authors: Griffin Roger 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
hose who approach fascism with the preconception that it is ideologically barren are likely to assume that it has undergone no significant modifications
in the post-war period. This section will hopefully demonstrate how erroneous such an assumption would be. While there is no shortage of slavish imitation and mindless regurgitation of canonic Fascist and especially Nazi ideas by new generations of fascists, the more theoretically demanding among them have embarked on a thoroughgoing programme of modernization to adapt the dream of the regenerated nation to new historical realities. In doing so they have lost no time in identifying any new ‘enemies’ that they can claim stand in the path ofits realization, as well as raising a number of new issues with which they hope to mobilize support.
Julius Evola, Fascism: Myth And Reality
Authors: Griffin Roger 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Julius Evola (1898--1974) spent much ofhis life elaborating into a highly sophisticated ‘total’ vision of the world his lifelong obsession with the notion that the Westernized ‘modern world’ represented the rotten fruit of two thousand years of decadence. As a result the primordial ‘Tradition’ which he alleged preceded it had all but vanished. In his voluminous and massively erudite pseudo-scientific writings he argued that this Tradition had expressed itself historically in several organic, hierarchically structured, and metaphysically based States which, under the leadership of an elite caste of warrior-priests, formed the core of vast empires through which superior races and their superior values prevailed. During the 1930s he convinced himself that if Fascism could ally itself with the more ‘aristocratic’, un-demagogic forces within the Third Reich it would create the basis for the re-establishment of such a Traditional empire in Europe (he wrote the Synthesis of Racial Doctrine for Mussolini’s regime in 1941). However the defeat of the Axis caused him to adapt his philosophy to the age of’ruins’ in which cultural rebirth was indtifinitely postponed.
Oswald Mosley, Hubris And Miscalculation
Authors: Griffin Roger 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Oswald Mosley studiously used his internment during the war to elaborate and modijy his fascist vision. He emerged convinced of the need for the narrow nationalism of Fascism and Nazism to give way to a pan-European new order and attended the congresses in Rome (1950) and Malmo (1951) which launched the European Social Movement. In 1948 he had created the Union Movement, a Europeanized version of the BUF which distanced itself from Fascism and Nazism, which was defanct by 1978, though not before some of its former members had set up an important ultra-right umbrella group, The League of St George, in 1974. This passage is taken from one of a number of Mosley’s books articulating his new faith. Question 175. What do you think of Hitler?
The West European Foundation, A Racist Catechism
Authors: Griffin Roger 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Federation ouest-europeenne(FOE or West European Federation) was set up in 1963 at a meeting of Colin Jordan, Fra11foise Dior, and the French neo-Nazi Yves Jeanne as a chapter ofWUNS responsible for keeping the Nazi dream alive in francophone Europe, its fiefdom being divided into sixareas onallegedly ethnic lines. Its constitutive charter accused the Jews of causing the outbreak of war in 1939 which prevented Hitler from establishing his ethnically based new order, and celebrated the creation ofnon-German SS divisions. Till it was banned in 1964, its organ, Le National-Socialiste, stood for Holocaust denial, the vindication of Hitler, the vision of a Europe of ethnics (i.e. distinct ethnic groups), and crude anti-Semitism. It made no bones about its acceptance of Nazi racist doctrine, as can be seen from this manifesto.
John Day, An Ever-Rowing River
Authors: Griffin Roger 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The monthly Spearhead is edited J,yJohn Tyndall to ‘re.fleet a cross-section of contemporary British Nationalist opinion’, especially that of the NF in the 1970s and the BNP in the Bos and 90S in which he has played a leading role (see Text 202).John Day, the author of this review article of an English translation (provided with a disturlringly ‘neutral’ preface J,y a Cambridge don) of Frederic Reider’s L’Ordre SS, takes the opportunity it offers to serve up some of the major themes of Holocaust denial, and alludes at the end to another component of post-war fascism, the vision of the SS as the basis ofa new supra-national aristocracy on which Europe’s regeneration could have been based. Reider’s history reproduces some of Himmler’s chilling ‘secret’ speeches to SS henchmen (see Text 88) without a note of condemnation, and bemoans the dilution of the elite qualities of the original order once its ranks were swelled J,y substandard recruits. The title ‘professor’ seems to have been conferred on Reider J,y Day himself. On the equally spurious academic credentials attributed to revisionist luminaries Butz and Faurisson, see Eatwell (1991). In granting permission to quote from this article, Spearhead stressed that it was printed ‘only to maintain free debate on issues on which that kind of debate is not normally these days permitted’.
Pierre Krebs, The Metapolltical Rebirth Of Europe
Authors: Griffin Roger 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
An Italian Marxist, Antonio Gramsci, was the first to understand that the State is not confined to a political apparatus_ In fact he established that the political apparatus runs parallel to the so-called civil apparatus_ In other words, each political apparatus is reinforced by a civil consensus, the psychological support of the masses_ This psychological support expresses itself through a consensus on the level of culture, world-view and ethos_ In order to exist at all, political power is thus dependent on a cultural power diffused within the masses_ On the basis of this analysis Gramsci understood why Marxists could not take over power in bourgeois democracies: they did not have cultural power_ To be precise, it is impossible to overthrow a political apparatus without previously having gained control of cultural power_ The assent of the people must be won first: their ideas, ethos, ways of thinking, the value-system, art, education have to be worked on and modified_ Only when people feel the need for change as a self-evident necessity will the existing political.