bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sensory potentials evoked by tactile stimulation of different indentation velocities at the finger and palm
Authors: Baba Masayuki , Simonetti Stefano , Krarup Christian 
Published: August 2002

AbstractPrevious studies suggest that the rate of indentation of a tactile probe determines which skin mechanoreceptors are activated. To further investigate this possibility, indentations of 300 μm at velocities of 100 (T100) and 400 μm/ms (T400) were applied to the tip (FT) and the proximal phalanx of digit III (PP) and the thenar eminence (Pm) of ten healthy volunteers, and compared with responses after electrical stimulation at the FT. Compound sensory action potentials (CSAPs) were recorded from the median nerve through needle electrodes at the wrist and elbow. The maximal sensory conduction velocities (SNCVs) between wrist and elbow were similar with electrical and T400 stimulation, but on average were 15% lower with T100 stimulation (P < 0.001). With both indentation velocities, SNCVs were similar regardless of stimulation sites. Amplitudes of tactile CSAPs with FT stimulation were 1–2 μV at T400 and 0.3–0.4 μV at T100. The CSAP areas evoked by T100 stimulation showed a reduction from fingertip to proximal finger to palm (P < 0.05–0.005), whereas those obtained with T400 stimulation showed a reduction only at the palm (P < 0.05). The results support previous studies indicating that fast indentation at 400 μm/ms activated deeply placed Pacinian corpuscles as well as superficially situated Meissner corpuscles, whereas slower indentation at 100 μm/ms activated primarily Meissner corpuscles. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Muscle Nerve 24: 1213–1218, 2001
A parallel machine replacement model
Authors: McClurg Tim , Chand Suresh 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis paper considers a finite horizon parallel machine replacement problem where a fixed number of machines is in operation at all times. The operating cost for a machine goes up as the machine gets older. An older machine may have to be replaced by a new one when its operating cost becomes too high. There is a fixed order cost associated with the purchase of new machines. Machine purchase prices and salvage values may depend on the period in which they were purchased. The objective is to find a replacement plan that minimizes the total discounted cost over the problem horizon. We believe that the costs in our model are more commonly observed in practice than those previously used in the literature. The paper develops properties of optimal solutions and an efficient forward‐time algorithm to find an optimal replacement plan. A dominance property is developed that further limits the options to be considered, and a simple forecast horizon result is also presented. Future research possibilities are mentioned. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 49: 275–287, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (http://www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/nav.10012
A branch and bound algorithm for the minimum storage‐time sequencing problem
Authors: Detti P. , Pacciarelli D. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe minimum storage‐time sequencing problem generalizes many well‐known problems in combinatorial optimization, such as the directed linear arrangement and the problem of minimizing the weighted sum of completion times, subject to precedence constraints on a single processor. In this paper we propose a new lower bound, based on a Lagrangian relaxation, which can be computed very efficiently. To improve upon this lower bound, we employ a bundle optimization algorithm. We also show that the best bound obtainable by this approach equals the one obtainable from the linear relaxation computed on a formulation whose first Chvàtal closure equals the convex hull of all the integer solutions of the problem. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 48: 313–331, 2001
Buckling analysis of rotationally periodic structures using shell element with relative degrees of freedom
Authors: Cen Z. , Li J. , Lie S. T. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBy considering the characteristics of deformation of rotationally periodic structures subjected to rotationally periodic loads, the periodic structure is divided into several identical substructures in this paper. If the structure is really periodic but not axisymmetric, the number of the substructures can be defined accordingly. If the structure is axisymmetric (special in the case of the periodic), the structure can be divided into any number of substructures. It means, in this case, the number of substructures is independent of the number of buckling waves. The degrees of freedom (DOFs) of joint nodes between the neighbouring substructures are classified as master and slave ones. The stress and strain conditions of the whole structure are obtained by solving the elastic static equations for only one substructure by introducing the displacement constraints between master and slave DOFs. The complex constraint method is used to get the bifurcation buckling load and mode for the whole rotationally periodic structure by solving the eigenvalue problem for only one substructure without introducing any additional approximation. Finite element (FE) formulation of shell element of relative degrees of freedom (SERDF) in the buckling analysis is then derived. Different measures of tackling internal degrees of freedom for different kinds of buckling problems and different stages of numerical analysis are presented. Some numerical examples are given to illustrate the high efficiency and validity of this method. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluations of certain hypersingular integrals on interval
Authors: Du Qi‐Kui 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn this paper, we investigate a hypersingular integral on an interval. The definition of Hadamard's finite‐part integrals and some of its properties are given. Some numerical methods on approximate computation of the finite‐part integrals are constructed. The new method is very simple, easy to implement, reliable, and above all, not affected by the location of singular point. Some numerical experiments are carried out using the current formulae, and numerical results show that the current methods are feasible and effective. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Application of two‐state M‐integral for analysis of adhesive lap joints
Authors: Lee Yongwoo , Goo Nam Seo , Im Seyoung 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWith the aid of the two‐state M‐integral and finite element analysis, the asymptotic solution in terms of the complete eigenfunction expansion is obtained for adhesive lap joints. The notch stress intensity is introduced to characterize the singular stress field near the notch vertex of adhesive lap joints. The proposed scheme enables us to extract the intensity of each eigenfunction term from the far field data without resort to special singular elements at the vertex. It turns out that a weak stress singularity is not negligible around the vertex when it exists in addition to the major singularity. For a thin adhesive layer, there exist two asymptotic solutions: one is the inner solution approaching the eigenfunction solution for the vertex at which the adherend meets with the adhesive and the other is intermediate solution represented by the eigenfunction series that would be obtained in the absence of the adhesive layer. An appropriate guideline for choosing the geometric parameters in designing the adhesive lap joints, particularly the overlap length or the size of the adhesive zone, is suggested from the viewpoint of minimizing the notch stress intensity. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The least‐squares meshfree method
Authors: Park Sang‐Hoon , Youn Sung‐Kie 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA new efficient meshfree method is presented in which the first‐order least‐squares method is employed instead of the Galerkin's method. In the meshfree methods based on the Galerkin formulation, the source of many difficulties is in the numerical integration. The current method, in this respect, has different characteristics and is expected to remove some of the integration‐related problems. It is demonstrated through numerical examples that the present formulation is highly robust to integration errors. Therefore, numerical integration can be performed with great ease and effectiveness using very simple algorithms. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
How networks undergird the lateral capability of an organization—where the work gets done
Authors: Galbraith Jay , Downey Diane , Kates Amy 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWhile, for most managers, the overall structure of their organization is a given, those
managers—wittingly or unwittingly—create the interpersonal and interfunctional links through which
the work takes place. The effectiveness of those links can be strengthened by a deliberate encouragement of
networks. There are six useful ways to support such networks—through focused development of
co‐location, communities of practice, annual meetings and retreats, training programs, rotational
assignments, and technology and e‐coordination. And these efforts become even more effective when reward
structures support them. © 2002 by the authors
Single cell discretization of O(kh2 + h4) for the estimates of ${\partial u}\over{\partial n}$ for the two‐space dimensional quasi‐linear parabolic equation
Authors: Mohanty R. K. , Jain M. K. , Kumar Dinesh 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn this article, new stable two‐level explicit difference methods of O(kh2 + h4) for the estimates of ${\partial u}\over{\partial n}$ for the two‐space dimensional quasi‐linear parabolic equation are derived, where k > 0 and h > 0 are grid sizes in time and space directions, respectively. We use a single computational cell for the methods, which are applicable to the problems both in cartesian and polar coordinates. The proposed methods have the simplicity in nature and employ the same marching type technique of solution. Numerical results obtained by the proposed methods for several different problems were compared with the exact solutions. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 17: 250–261, 2001
Stability of adsorber resins under mechanical compression and ultrasonication
Authors: Breitbach M. , Bathen D. , Schmidt‐Traub H. , Ebener H. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractDifferent adsorber and ion exchange resins have been sonicated with ultrasound of different frequencies in a fixed bed. Afterwards, the sonicated particles were investigated by scanning electron and light microscopy. Also, different mechanical properties, like fracture load, maximum flattening and Young's modulus were measured in compression tests and compared to the results of the ultrasonication experiments. Cavitational collapses cause cracks in resins with a high fracture load and a high Young's modulus as well as a low deformation at fracture. Complete destruction of adsorbent particles due to acoustic cavitation is observed with particles of low fracture loading and low Young's modulus. No or only little destruction is observed with particles which inhibit both sufficient strength and deformation properties. On the basis of these findings it is concluded that resin particles with optimum resistance to ultrasound show both a sufficient fracture load as well as high mechanical flexibility. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Screening for trisomy 21 in twin pregnancies in the first trimester: does chorionicity impact on maternal serum free β‐hCG or PAPP‐A levels?
Authors: Spencer Kevin 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn a study of 180 twin pregnancies I have examined the distribution of maternal serum free β‐human chorionic gonadotrophin (β‐hCG) and pregnancy‐associated plasma protein‐A (PAPP‐A), in addition to fetal nuchal translucency thickness (NT), in twins classified as monochorionic or dichorionic, based on ultrasound appearance at 10–14 weeks of gestation. In 45 monochorionic and 135 dichorionic twin pregnancies the median MoM free β‐hCG was not significantly different (1.00 vs 1.01), whilst that for PAPP‐A was lower (0.89 vs 1.01) but again with no statistical significance. Previous reports of an increased fetal NT in monochorionic twins pregnancies could not be confirmed (1.03 vs 1.00). It is concluded that the existing pseudo risk twin correction algorithm is appropriate for both monochorionic and dichorionic twins in providing accurate first trimester risks for trisomy 21. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The diagnostic performance of cytogenetic investigation in amniotic fluid cells and chorionic villi
Authors: Los Frans J. , van den Berg Cardi , Wildschut Hajo I. J. , Brandenburg Helen , den Hollander Nicolette S. , Schoonderwaldt Ernst M. , Pijpers Leen , Jan H. Galjaard Robert , Van Opstal Diane 
Published: August 2002

AbstractFirst‐trimester chorionic villus sampling has not reached the popularity of second‐trimester amniocentesis in prenatal cytogenetic diagnosis, in contrast to initial expectations. We investigated whether a difference inthe diagnostic performances of cytogenetic investigation in amniotic fluid (AF) cells and chorionic villi in favour of AF‐cells might justify this. Diagnostic performance was measured as laboratory failure rate, karyotype quality (G‐band score, rate of follow‐up samples, rate of wrong diagnoses), and karyotype representativity (rate of follow‐up samples, rate of wrong diagnoses).From 1993–1999, 11 883 AF‐samples were investigated (AF‐cells). In chorionic villi, short term culture preparations solely were karyotyped from 1993–1996 (n=3499) (STC‐villi), short and long‐term culture preparations simultaneously provided a sufficient amount of tissue being available from 1997 onwards (n=1829) ((STC+LTC)‐villi). Laboratory failure rates were the same after amniocentesis (0.40%) and chorionic villus sampling (0.50%). G‐band scores (mean±SD) were equal in AF‐cells (373±38.1) and LTC‐villi (364±32.6) but significantly lower in STC‐villi (311±34.6) (p=0.001). Follow‐up sampling rates because of quality reasons were the same in AF‐cells (0.14%), STC‐ villi (0.13%) and (STC+LTC)‐villi (0.11%). Two wrong diagnoses turned up among AF‐cells. Follow‐up sampling rates because of representativity reasons differed significantly between AF‐cells (0.10%), (STC+LTC)‐villi (1.31%), and STC‐villi (1.99%) (p<0.001). However, the ratios of the total numbers of follow‐up samples and uncertain or abnormal cytogenetic results in STC, and (STC+LTC)‐villi at cytogenetic risks ⩾3% (0.132 and 0.160, respectively) were equal to that in AF‐cells at risks <3% (0.155). Two wrong diagnoses were made in STC‐villi.Diagnostic performance improved in the rank order of STC‐villi, (STC+LTC)‐villi and AF‐cells. At cytogenetic risks ⩾3%, (STC+LTC)‐villi showed a diagnostic performance equal to that in AF‐cells. This might justify a selective use of chorionic villus sampling. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis of new poly(amide–imide)s derived from trimellitylimido‐L‐phenylalanine
Authors: Mallakpour Shadpour E , Hajipour Abdol‐Reza , Habibi Sakineh 
Published: August 2002

AbstractN‐Trimellitylimido‐L‐phenylalanine was prepared from the reaction of 1,2,4‐benzenetricarboxylic anhydride with L‐phenylalanine in N,N‐dimethylformamide solution at refluxing temperature. The direct polycondensation reaction of the monomer imide‐diacid with 4,4′‐diaminodiphenylsulfone, 4,4′‐diaminodiphenylmethane, 1,4‐phenylenediamine, 1,3‐phenylenediamine, 2,4‐diaminotoluene, 4,4′‐diaminodiphenylether and benzidine was carried out in a medium consisting of triphenyl phosphite, N‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone, pyridine and calcium chloride. The resulting poly(amide–imide)s, PAIs, having inherent viscosities of 0.21–0.45 dlg−1 were obtained in high yield. All of the above compounds were fully characterized by IR spectroscopy and elemental analyses. The optical rotation of all PAIs has also been measured. Some structural characterization and physical properties of these new optically active PAIs are reported.© 2001 Society of Chemical Industry
Effect of solvent evaporation rate on surface composition in fluoro‐copolymer/acrylate‐copolymer blend films
Authors: Akiyama Saburo , Tsukiji Nikako , Akiba Isamu , Inoue Minoru , Kano Yoshihisa 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe relationship between the surface composition and the rate of solvent evaporation (R) in blend films of poly(vinylidene fluoride‐co‐hexafluoroacetone) (P(VDF‐HFA)) and poly(2‐ethylhexyl acrylate‐co‐acrylic acid‐co‐vinyl acetate) (P(2EHA‐AA‐VAc)) has been investigated. P(VDF‐HFA), a low‐surface tension component, was concentrated on the surface when R was relatively high. In contrast, when R was relatively low, P(2EHA‐AA‐VAc), a low‐density component, was concentrated on the surface. Therefore, it is speculated that the factors dominating surface enrichment in polymer blends were changed from surface tension differences to density differences between the components when R was decreased. In addition, the affinity between components and substrate strongly affects the dominant factors determining the surface composition.© 2001 Society of Chemical Industry
In‐situ self reinforced polyimide for film materials
Authors: Fan Haojun , Gu Yi , Xie Meili 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA novel polyimide (PI) with mesogenic units was synthesized by the reaction between the pendent hydroxyl group of PI and the epoxy group of a liquid crystalline (LC) compound in the presence of N,N‐dimethylaniline at 120–130 °C. As a result, a novel in‐situ self‐reinforced PI film materials was obtained. The macromolecular reaction between the hydroxyl group and epoxy group was investigated by a model reaction. The properties of PI were studied by WAXD, DSC and polarized optical microscopy, and the results indicate that the polyimides with mesogenic units exhibit a smectic phase, the mesogenic units level influencing the side‐chain crystallinity, and also the thermal and mechanical properties of the polymers; the enhanced PI films possess good solubility, higher thermal stability, higher tensile strength and modulus.© 2001 Society of Chemical Industry
Studies of cure kinetics of polyisoimide by differential scanning calorimetry in the solid state
Authors: Kim Young Jun , Son Gum Im , Kim Ji‐Heung 
Published: August 2002

AbstractDetailed kinetic studies of the thermal imidization of polyisoimide based upon 4,4′‐oxydianiline and 4,4′‐oxydiphthalic anhydride by differential scanning calorimetry are described. Both isothermal and dynamic methods have been used to obtain kinetic parameters and a phenomenological rate equation for estimating the degree of imidization as a function of time. The thermal imidization of polyisoimides in the solid state showed a maximum degree of imidization that can be achieved at a given isothermal temperature, probably due to the diffusion controlled characteristics of reactions near vitrification. That the reaction stopped near to the point of vitrification was considered when developing a phenomenological rate equation for thermal imidization of polyisoimide in the solid state. The thermal imidization is well described by modified first order kinetics with an activation energy of 170–181 kJ mol−1 and a pre‐exponential factor of 4.1 × 1013 s−1.© 2002 Society of Chemical Industry
A measure for evaluating the effectiveness of teen pregnancy prevention programs
Authors: Somers Cheryl L. , Johnson Stephanie A. , Sawilowsky Sholmo S. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractTeen pregnancy prevention has been a major component of the school sex education curriculum for the past two decades, as well as the focus of many community agency programs. A difficulty in evaluating these programs is the lack of instruments in measuring teens' attitudes and intentions regarding teenage pregnancy. The sixteen‐item Teen Attitude Pregnancy Scale (TAPS) was developed for this purpose. It is based on a model of (a) Future Orientation, (b) Realism About Child Rearing, (c) Personal Intentions, and (d) Sexual Self‐efficacy. Overall, the TAPS demonstrated good internal consistency and concurrent validity for the samples considered here. Additionally, exploratory factor analysis revealed evidence of validity for this four‐factor model of teens' attitudes toward pregnancy. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Reactivity of alkanols and aryl alcohols towards tetrachloroaurate(III) in sodium acetate–acetic acid buffer medium
Authors: Pal Biswajit , Sen Pratik K. , Sen Gupta Kalyan K. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe oxidative behaviour and relative reactivities of three alkanols and 11 aryl alcohols towards gold(III) in sodium acetate–acetic acid buffer were studied. The reactions are first order with respect to [Au(III)] and in each [R1R2CHOH]. Both H+ and Cl− ions retard the rate of reactions. The reactions obey the following rate expression:

AuCl4−, AuCl3(OH2) and AuCl3(OH)− are the reactive species of gold(III) and the reactivity follows the order AuCl3(OH)− > AuCl3(OH2) > AuCl4−. The activation parameters of the reactions were calculated. Alkanols react with gold(III) in the order ethanol > methanol > 2‐propanol. The unsubstituted benzyl alcohol reacts with gold(III) at a faster rate than benzhydrol. The pseudo‐first‐order rate constants in the oxidations of aryl alcohols follow the order NO2 > H > Cl > OMe. The reactions occur via C—H bond cleavage and through the intermediate formation of free radicals. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Role of peroxophosphate intermediates in reactions of tris(4‐nitrophenyl) phosphate and phenyl phosphoro‐chloridate with alkaline hydrogen peroxide
Authors: Foroudian Houshang J. , Gillitt Nicholas D. , Bunton Clifford A. , Yatsimirsky Anatoly K. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractReaction of alkaline hydrogen peroxide with tris(4‐nitrophenyl) phosphate generates ca 1.5 equiv. of 4‐nitrophenol per mole of substrate with no evidence of build‐up of an intermediate, and reaction of bis(4‐nitrophenyl) phosphate anion is too slow to give a product. The initially formed bis(4‐nitrophenyl) peroxophosphate is assumed to decompose to the phosphate ester by reaction with H2O2 or to eliminate 4‐nitrophenoxide ion with the formation of a transient cyclic peroxophosphate. Reaction of phenyl phosphorochloridate anion with HO2− does not give phenoxide ion by this intramolecular reaction. Semi‐empirical and ab initio simulations indicate that elimination of aryloxide ion from an aryl peroxophosphate should generate a cyclic rather than an open‐chain peroxophosphate. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and chemical structural analysis of nitroxyl‐radical‐incorporated poly(acrylic acid/lactide/ϵ‐caprolactone) copolymers
Authors: Lang Meidong , Chu Chih‐Chang 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe goal of this research is to synthesize biodegradable polymers that would have nitroxyl radical biological functions. Linear aliphatic polyesters were chosen as the starting materials. The hydroxyl‐terminated polylactide/ϵ‐caprolactones (PBLC‐OHs) were first synthesized by melt ring‐opening copolymerization in the presence of benzyl alcohol and stannous octoate. PBLC‐OHs were used as the precursor for the synthesis of double bond‐functionalized polylactide/ϵ‐caprolactones (PBLC‐Mas) by reacting the hydroxyl end groups of PBLC‐OH with maleic anhydride in melt at 130 °C. Acrylic acid/lactide/ϵ‐caprolactone graft copolymers (PBLCAs) were then successfully carried out by the radical copolymerization of acrylic acid and PBLC‐Ma initiated by azobisisobutyronitrile. Finally, nitroxyl radicals [4‐amino‐2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidine‐1‐oxy (TAM)] were incorporated into the carboxylic acid sites of the acrylic acid/lactide/ϵ‐caprolactone copolymer (TAM‐PBLCA) by reacting TAM with PBLCA in the presence of N,N′‐carbonyl diimidazole. A high content of TAM was incorporated into the PBLCA copolymer. The polymers synthesized were characterized by 1H and 13C NMR, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and electron paramagnetic resonance spectra. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 39: 4214–4226, 2001