bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing the State of Arctic Ecosystem Health: Bridging Inuit Viewpoints and Biological Endpoints on Fish Health
Authors: Pellerin Jocelyne , Grondin Jacques 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACTAs with all of the world’s ecosystems, the Arctic ecosystem is challenged by anthropogenic inputs. As a result of their global vision of the ecosystem in which they live, the Inuit community is concerned with the fact that traditional food may not be edible due to pollution. As part of a broader ecosystem health research program examining the biological, economic, and cultural impacts of environmental contamination in the Arctic, the aim of our project was to assess Arctic ecosystem health by the tentative bridging of scientific and traditional knowledge. Specifically, the goal was to verify a possible relationship between Inuit perception of the health of their ecosystem and scientific assessment of deformities, pollutant levels, and parasites in Arctic char, an important food source for the Inuit. In order to do this, it was necessary to take into account Inuit knowledge of contamination and perceived effects on human and ichtyofauna health.Two fish sampling sites were chosen in Ungava Bay, Nunavik, (northern Québec, Canada) and field sampling took place in August 1994 during the upstream migration of Arctic char. While large amounts of parasites were observed, there were no evident signs of fish health alteration such as deformities or very low condition factors despite the common observation by Inuit that deformities were more abundant than in the past. Although the hypothesis that a possible increase in parasitism in fish due to anthropogenic pollutants could be neither proved nor completely disproved (in particular because of a lack of unhealthy fish), the research process has still proved to be useful; namely, to reassure stakeholders about the quality of the fish stocks studied, to enhance dialogues between researchers and the communities involved in the project, to provide an opportunity for regional stakeholders to guide locally relevant research, and to provide researchers with some understanding of the differences between risks perceived by the general population and dangers identified by the experts.
‘Skin Roll’ (‘Pinch and Roll’) Test: Skinfold Thickness and Tenderness
Authors: Bansevicius Dalius , Pareja Juan A. , Sjaastad Otter 
Published: March 2003

Skinfold thickness and tenderness are variables that have been used in the diagnosis of headaches ofcervical origin. In order to assess these variables in actual patients, the normal limits have to be properlyknown. Skinfold thickness and tenderness during the “skin roll” (“pinch and roll”) test were, therefore,investigated simultaneously in a group of 95 healthy individuals. Three positions (trapezius, mandibular,and supraorbital areas) were used.The following values for skinfold thickness in healthy individuals during the skin roll test were obtained:trapezius position 5 to 26 mm (mean 11.2 mm, SD 3.9), mandibular 3 to 12 mm (mean 6.5 mm, SD 1.8), andsupraorbital 3 to 9 mm (mean 4.6 mm, SD 0.8).Strong positive correlation was found between subject height and skinfold thickness in the mandibularposition. Skinfold thickness in the mandibular (P=0.003), as well as in the trapezius position (P=0.023)correlated positively with age. In 13 individuals (13.7%), tenderness to a varying extent was found in theshoulders (trapezius position). No pain was recorded in the other positions.No correlation was found between skinfold thickness and tenderness (P=0.66).
Weekend Headache: A Retrospective Study in Migraine Without Aura and Episodic Tension‐Type Headache
Authors: Torelli Paola , Cologno Daniela , Manzoni Gian Camillo 
Published: March 2003

Our retrospective study was aimed at determining the existence of weekend headache and, if so, whether it has the same clinical features as migraine without aura and episodic tension‐type headache, or whether it occurs as a separate form of headache which could find its own place in the International Headache Society classification.For this study, we reviewed the clinical records of 120 patients with migraine without aura and 120 patients with episodic tension‐type headache randomly selected among all those referred to the Headache Center of the University of Parma Institute of Neurology between 1985 and 1996.A review of these records suggests that weekend headache exists for both types of headache considered. Clinically, it is interesting to note that the male‐to‐female ratio for the weekend form of tension‐type headache was 1:1, as opposed to 1:3 for general episodic tension‐type headache. As regards classification, no evidence so far seems to suggest that weekend headache should be considered as an independent entity. Apart from certain features that appear to be peculiar to this form of headache—such as increased pain intensity—it thoroughly fulfills the diagnostic criteria of the primary headaches from which it evolves. Finally, a few clinical features suggest that the weekend may simply be a triggering factor in migraine without aura attacks, while playing a major role in episodic tension‐type headache. However, weekend headache is a clinical entity that clearly needs further study.
Predisposing and Provoking Factors in Childhood Headache
Authors: Anttila Pirjo , Metsähonkala Liisa , Helenius Hans , Sillanpää Matti 
Published: March 2003

Objective.–To study the differences in predisposing and provoking factors between childhood migraine and nonmigrainous headache.Background.–Information on the predisposing and provoking factors of headache could help to find ways to prevent it. Differences in predisposing and provoking factors between migraine and nonmigrainous headache are largely unknown.Methods.–An unselected, population‐based, prospective, follow‐up study on the occurrence of headache in schoolchildren was carried out in 1290 children aged from 8 to 9 years. The children who had reported headache during the 6 months prior to the study ( n=725) were sent a more detailed questionnaire about factors that might give rise to headache. Six hundred twenty‐two (86%) children returned questionnaires that were completed to an acceptable degree.Results.–The occurrence of familial paroxysmal headache and unhappiness in the family independently predicted the occurrence of migraine in children, but this was not the case for nonmigrainous headache.Conclusions.–In particular, the family occurrence of paroxysmal headache increases the risk of migraine in a child. The risk is still greater if their living conditions are experienced as unsatisfactory by the family.
Perceived Self‐efficacy and Headache‐Related Disability
Authors: French Douglas J. , Holroyd Kenneth A. , Pinell Cornelia , Malinoski Peter T. , O'donnell Francis , Hill Kimberly R. 
Published: March 2003

Background.—Headache‐specific self‐efficacy refers to patients' confidence that they can take actions that prevent headache episodes or manage headache‐related pain and disability. According to social cognitive theory, perceptions of self‐efficacy influence an individual's adaptation to persistent headaches by influencing cognitive, affective, and physiological responses to headache episodes as well as the initiation and persistence of efforts to prevent headache episodes.Objective.—The objective of the present study was to construct and validate a brief measure of headache specific self‐efficacy and to examine the relationship between self‐efficacy and headache‐related disability.Methods.—A sample of 329 patients seeking treatment for benign headache disorders completed the Headache Management Self‐Efficacy Scale and measures of headache‐specific locus of control, coping, psychological distress, and headache‐related disability. A subset of 262 patients also completed 4 weeks of daily headache recordings.Results.—As predicted, patients who were confident they could prevent and manage their headaches also believed that the factors influencing their headaches were potentially within their control. In addition, self‐efficacy scores were positively associated with the use of positive psychological coping strategies to both prevent and manage headache episodes and negatively associated with anxiety. Multiple regression analyses revealed that headache severity, locus‐of‐control beliefs, and self‐efficacy beliefs each explained independent variance in headache‐related disability.
Treatment of Migraine in Canada With Naratriptan: A Cost‐Effectiveness Analysis
Authors: Caro J. Jaime , Getsios Denis , Raggio Gabriel , Caro Graciela , Black Libby 
Published: March 2003

Objective.—To evaluate the cost‐effectiveness of naratriptan for the treatment of migraine in Canada.Background.—The substantial disability brought on by migraine, coupled with the high prevalence of this disorder, leads to substantial costs. Naratriptan is a newly developed triptan shown to be effective in the treatment of migraine.Methods.—Monte Carlo modeling techniques were used to simulate the experience of Canadian migraineurs over the course of 1 year. Data from a multinational study comparing oral naratriptan 2.5 mg to customary therapies were used in the cost‐effectiveness analysis.Results.—Naratriptan leads to an annual reduction in symptom duration of 225 hours compared to customary therapy not including other triptans. Reductions in lost productivity yield savings of Can $390 (1998 Canadian dollars) relative to customary therapy, which exceed the increase in drug costs resulting in overall savings of Can $109 per year.Conclusions.—The use of naratriptan in the treatment of migraine is an economically attractive option, leading to savings in overall costs. Increases in drug costs seem acceptable in light of reductions in symptom duration.
Headache As Only Symptom in Multiple Cervical Artery Dissection
Authors: Buyle Maarten , Engelborghs Sebastiaan , Kunnen Jan , De Deyn Peter Paul 
Published: March 2003

We describe a patient with atypical headache as the only presenting symptom of spontaneous triple cervical artery dissection. As the patient suffered from arterial hypertension, a causative relation between headache and arterial hypertension was initially taken into consideration. However, four‐vessel arteriography disclosed a dissection of both internal carotid arteries and the right vertebral artery.This unique case highlights the value of conventional arteriography for diagnosing cervical artery dissection. Since multiple cervical artery dissections are not rare, all cervical arteries should be examined by means of conventional arteriography when a dissection is suspected.
Effect of Rizatriptan and Other Triptans on the Nausea Symptom of Migraine: A Post Hoc Analysis
Authors: Lipton Richard B. , Pascual Julio , Goadsby Peter J. , Massiou Helene , McCarroll Kathleen A. , Vandormael Kristel , Jiang Kaihong , Lines Christopher R. 
Published: March 2003

Objective.—To compare the effects of oral rizatriptan, sumatriptan, naratriptan, and zolmitriptan on the relief and emergence of nausea during a migraine attack.Methods.—Data from five randomized, placebo‐controlled, double‐blind clinical trials in which oral rizatriptan 10 mg was directly compared with oral sumatriptan 100 mg (N = 772), 50 mg (N = 1168), 25 mg (N = 1180), naratriptan 2.5 mg (N = 406), or zolmitriptan 2.5 mg (N = 571) for the acute treatment of a migraine attack were retrospectively analyzed. Migraine was diagnosed according to International Headache Society criteria. Presence or absence of nausea was recorded at baseline and at 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2 hours after dosing. The end points analyzed were relief of nausea in those who had it at baseline and emergence of nausea in those who were free of it at baseline. Treatments were compared using odds ratios estimated from logistic regression models at 2 hours, and averaged odds ratios for the first 2 hours posttreatment.Results.—Approximately 60% of patients in each treatment group had nausea at baseline. In those patients with nausea at baseline, significantly more patients treated with rizatriptan 10 mg were free of nausea at 2 hours compared with sumatriptan 100 mg (66% versus 58%, P = .043), sumatriptan 50 mg (68% versus 57%, P = .010), sumatriptan 25 mg (68% versus 59%, P = .017), and naratriptan 2.5 mg (59% versus 45%, P = .014). Averaging over the four posttreatment time points in the first 2 hours, significantly more patients treated with rizatriptan 10 mg were free of nausea compared with sumatriptan 100 mg (P = .004), sumatriptan 50 mg (P = .001), and naratriptan 2.5 mg (P = .015). No significant differences in nausea relief were seen between rizatriptan 10 mg and zolmitriptan 2.5 mg, either at 2 hours (65% versus 61%, P = .210) or over the first 2 hours (P = .781). Rates of treatment‐emergent nausea at 2 hours ranged from 11% to 18% with placebo, from 5% to 13% with rizatriptan 10 mg, and from 10% to 20% with other comparator triptans.Conclusions.—Oral rizatriptan 10 mg was more effective than oral sumatriptan and naratriptan at eliminating nausea within 2 hours in patients who had it at baseline. Rates of emergent nausea in patients who were free of it at baseline were low, and no consistent differences were observed between active treatments.
Prevalence and Burden of Migraine in the United States: Data From the American Migraine Study II
Authors: Lipton Richard B. , Stewart Walter F. , Diamond Seymour , Diamond Merle L. , Reed Michael 
Published: March 2003

Objective.—To describe the prevalence, sociodemographic profile, and the burden of migraine in the United States in 1999 and to compare results with the original American Migraine Study, a 1989 population‐based study employing identical methods.Methods.—A validated, self‐administered questionnaire was mailed to a sample of 20 000 households in the United States. Each household member with severe headache was asked to respond to questions about symptoms, frequency, and severity of headaches and about headache‐related disability. Diagnostic criteria for migraine were based on those of the International Headache Society. This report is restricted to individuals 12 years and older.Results.—Of the 43 527 age‐eligible individuals, 29 727 responded to the questionnaire for a 68.3% response rate. The prevalence of migraine was 18.2% among females and 6.5% among males. Approximately 23% of households contained at least one member suffering from migraine. Migraine prevalence was higher in whites than in blacks and was inversely related to household income. Prevalence increased from aged 12 years to about aged 40 years and declined thereafter in both sexes. Fifty‐three percent of respondents reported that their severe headaches caused substantial impairment in activities or required bed rest. Approximately 31% missed at least 1 day of work or school in the previous 3 months because of migraine; 51% reported that work or school productivity was reduced by at least 50%.Conclusions.—Two methodologically identical national surveys in the United States conducted 10 years apart show that the prevalence and distribution of migraine have remained stable over the last decade. Migraine‐associated disability remains substantial and pervasive. The number of migraineurs has increased from 23.6 million in 1989 to 27.9 million in 1999 commensurate with the growth of the population. Migraine is an important target for public health interventions because it is highly prevalent and disabling.
Perceived Scintillation Rate of Migraine Aura
Authors: Crotogino Jennifer , Feindel Anna , Wilkinson Frances 
Published: March 2003

Objective.—To measure the perceived rate of flicker (temporal frequency) observed during visual auras.Background.—The flickering or scintillating quality of aura elements is a commonly described characteristic of visual migraine auras. Hypotheses about the neural mechanisms involved in aura have rarely taken this feature into account, perhaps because of a lack of quantitative data on this aspect of the aura. While a rate of 10 Hertz had been suggested in the literature, estimates have been speculative due to the difficulty of judging temporal frequencies subjectively.Methods.—Eleven participants were given portable devices that contained an adjustable light‐emitting diode with which to match the flickering of their auras. Observers were asked to make flicker matches at two time points so that rate change during aura progression could be analyzed.Results.—Data were obtained for 36 aura episodes. The mean rate of flicker across individuals was 17.8 Hertz. Rates varied widely between individuals, but were more consistent across multiple episodes in the same observer. Rate of flicker did not appear to relate to aura side or type, or to individual characteristics such as migraine history. When episodes were analyzed for change in flicker rate over time, patterns of increase (n = 7), decrease (n = 4), and no change (n = 22) were all observed.Conclusions.—When measured with an objective task, aura scintillation rates were found to be somewhat higher than previous anecdotal observations had suggested. These data are discussed in the context of two competing hypotheses concerning the neural mechanism underlying the flicker percept during migraine aura.
Migraine With Aura After Intracranial Endovascular Procedures
Authors: Beekman R. , Nijssen P.C.G. , Van Rooij W.J. , Wijnalda D. 
Published: March 2003

Objective.—To describe three cases of migraine (two with aura) after an intracranial endovascular procedure.Method.—Retrospective.Results.—One patient had an attack of migraine with prolonged aura after embolization of a dural arteriovenous fistula. Another patient had an attack of migraine with aura (and hemiparesis) after a diagnostic angiogram. The third patient already suffered from migraine with aura and had a migraine attack after embolization of an occipital arteriovenous malformation. A quadrantanopia persisted in this patient. Outcome of the other two patients was good.Conclusion.—Intracranial endovascular procedures can induce migraine with aura. We could not identify the underlying pathophysiological mechanism, but mechanical, chemical, immunological, or hemodynamic factors could be involved.
Mouth‐Dispersible Aspirin in the Treatment of Migraine: A Placebo‐Controlled Study
Authors: MacGregor E. Anne , Dowson Andrew , Davies Paul T.G. 
Published: March 2003

Objective.—To compare the efficacy of mouth‐dispersible aspirin 900 mg and placebo in the treatment of migraine.Background.—Aspirin is widely accepted as an effective therapy for migraine. Previous studies have indicated that gastric stasis and delayed gastric emptying, which occur during migraine attacks, delay aspirin absorption. Mouth‐dispersible formulations are considered to be more quickly absorbed than solid formulations and, therefore, may be more effective in treating migraine.Design.—Randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, crossover study in four specialized migraine clinics in the United Kingdom.Methods.—One hundred one patients diagnosed with migraine (according to the International Headache Society diagnostic criteria) participated in the study. Patients received either single doses of mouth‐dispersible aspirin (3 × 300 mg) or placebo for moderate pain in the treatment of two migraine attacks. Rescue medication could be taken after 2 hours, if required.The primary efficacy parameter was response to therapy at 2 hours posttreatment. Other efficacy parameters were response to treatment, pain‐free, and pain intensity at all other time points. Functional disability, nausea, vomiting, photophobia, phonophobia, symptom relief, patient and investigator global evaluation, use of rescue medication, headache recurrence, and palatability and convenience were also recorded.Results.—Of 101 patients, 73 took both treatments. At 2 hours, 48% of patients taking mouth‐dispersible aspirin responded, compared to only 19% taking placebo (P = .0005). Mouth‐dispersible aspirin was significantly better than placebo for response to treatment (P<.05) and pain intensity difference (P<.01) at all time points from 30 minutes posttreatment; for pain‐free (P<.05) and use of rescue medication (P<.01) from 3 hours posttreatment; for headache recurrence (P<.05); and for patients' and investigators' global evaluations of efficacy (P = .0001 in both cases).Conclusions.—Mouth‐dispersible aspirin 900 mg is effective compared with placebo for the treatment of moderate migraine head pain, with relief seen from as early as 30 minutes after taking medication.
Predicting the Number of Headache Visits by Type of Patient Seen in Family Practice
Authors: Hasse Lora A. , Ritchey P. Neal , Smith Robert 
Published: March 2003

Objective.—To examine the number of visits involving a headache diagnosis among patients to four family practice sites between July 1, 1995 and December 31, 1998.Background.—Although the majority of care‐seeking headache sufferers are seen in the primary care setting, few studies have attempted to document the relationship between type of headache as diagnosed by the family practice physician, and number of the patient's headache visits.Design.—Secondary analysis of administrative claims data.Methods.—We compared headache visits per person‐year by the age and sex of patient among patients classified according to headache diagnosis received: tension‐type only; headache not otherwise specified (NOS) only; migraine only; tension‐type and headache NOS; tension‐type and migraine; headache NOS and migraine, and migraine, tension‐type, and headache NOS. Patients with an International Classification of Diseases (version 9) code of 346 were considered to have a diagnosis of migraine, with 307.81 representing tension‐type headache, and 784 representing headache NOS. Age was measured from date of birth to initial visit in the study period and patients were subdivided into 5‐year age groups. Person‐years “at risk” for each diagnosis was measured from the time of initial visit during the study period to December 31, 1998.Results.—We examined data from 4,112 patients who made 9,322 visits with a headache diagnosis. We found that the average number of visits per person‐year increases as the number of different types of headache diagnoses increased and were greatest for patients having migraine as opposed to headache NOS and tension‐type diagnoses.Conclusions.—Headache type is an important predictor of the number of office visits involving a headache diagnosis in family practice. Patients with multiple headache diagnoses have more visits. Patients with combinations of headache diagnoses involving migraine are the most frequent visitors.