bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Beobachtungen über Reviermarkierung sowie Droh‐, Kampf‐ und Abwehrverhalten des Murmeltieres (Marmota marmota L.)
Authors: Koenig Lilli 
Published: November 2023

ZusammenfassungInsgesamt 17 in Gefangenschaft gehaltene Murmeltiere, darunter ein handzahmes, fremden Menschen gegenüber äußerst territoriales ♂ (Abb. 1, 2), und wildlebende Tiere wurden beobachtet. Wenn der Winterschlaf ausfällt, können mitunter Brünstigkeit und Kampflust der ♂♂ schon im Winter beginnen und in wechselnder Stärke bis zum Frühling dauern.Die Wangendrüsen dienen der Reviermarkierung. Besonders häufig zur Paarungszeit, aber auch sonst bestreicht das ♂, seltener das ♀ vorspringende Steine, Äste und dergleichen mit dem Sekret, das an verschiedenen Stellen des Wangenfeldes (Abb. 3–5) austritt. Das von anderen Nagern geübte “Kopfwaschen” fehlt dem Murmeltier, vielleicht im Zusammenhang mit der Wangendrüse. Andere Sciuriden müssen daraufhin beobachtet werden. Häufige soziale Schnauzenkontrolle und Schnauzenreiben auf der Unterlage könnten Hinweise auf Lippendrüsen sein. Das übelriechende Analdrüsensekret dient nicht der Duftmarkierung, sondern der Abwehr von Gegnern.Kurze, vertikale Schwanzschläge deuten, wie auch bei anderen Sciuriden, Erregung an und sind im Sozialverkehr zum optisch wirksamen Schwanzpeitschen ritualisiert (Abb. 6). Das angriffslustige Murmeltier drohguggert und peitscht mit dem durch extremes Haarsträuben vergrößerten Schwanz vertikal, in Achterschleifen und gelegentlich kleinschlägig seitwärts. Zur Paarungszeit “drohimponiert” das ♂ heftig gegen ♀♀ und schüchtert sie ein. Auch ♀♀ drohguggern.Das drohende, aus 3 einander überlagernden Unterkieferbewegungen entstehende Zähnerattern kommt in Kampferregung, aber auch in Ruhezuständen vor, hier vielleicht als Zähneschärfen. Das angreifende Murmeltier umkreist den Gegner, richtet sich auf, klammert sich fest und beißt (Abb. 7).Als wohlangepaßter Höhlenbewohner kann sich das Murmeltier im Unterschlupf unverrückbar festklemmen. Zur Abwehr beißt und kratzt es, stößt mit den Beinen, stülpt die übelriechende Analdrüse aus und knurrt. Sich balgende Murmeltiere hemmen durch Unmutsgreinen das Zubeißen des Artgenossen.Das Pfeifen tritt bei unterschiedlichen Anlässen wie Angst, Schmerz, Balgereien, fremden Geräuschen usw. auf. Es ist ein wenig spezifischer Erregungslaut, der situationsgemäß verschiedene Bedeutung haben kann (Abb. 8).
Learning Experiments on Individual Recognition in Budgerigars (Melopsittacusundulatus)
Authors: Trillmich Fritz 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBy means of learning experiments individual recognition in budgerigars was demonstrated. In a 2‐choice situation 2 ♂ ♂ and 3 ♀ ♀ discriminated clearly between 2 object birds. Characteristics used for identification were predominantly of the head. Budgerigars can recognize conspecifics by means of optical characteristics alone. Training also enabled 2 ♂ ♂ to discriminate between colour slides of 2 object birds. In training, budgerigars discriminated only between greatly differing calls. When presented with slides and distance calls of 2 object birds, 2 ♂ ♂ chose mainly according to optical stimuli.ZusammenfassungEs wurde versucht individuelles Erkennen beim Wellensittich mit Lern‐versuchen nachzuweisen und zu analysieren, welche Merkmale daran beteiligt sind.2 ♂ ♂ und 3 ♀ ♀ wurden in einem Y‐Labyrinth mit Futterbelohnung darauf dressiert, verschiedene ♂ ♂ bzw. ♀ ♀ voneinander zu unterscheiden. Die Vögel bewerteten den Vogel, bei dem sie belohnt wurden, als zur Wahl stimulierenden Reiz, den anderen als Wahl‐hemmenden Reiz. Die verwendeten Unterscheidungsmerkmale lagen vorwiegend in der Kopfregion. Veränderungen der Kopfzeichnung gaben keine eindeutigen Hinweise, welche Merkmale für das individuelle Erkennen verwendet wurden.2 ♂ ♂ konnten nach der Dressur verschiedene Farbdias zweier Wellen‐sittiche unterscheiden. Sie reagierten auf weitere, noch nie zuvor gesehene Dias dieser Vögel im Sinne der Dressur. Ein ♂ ♂ wählte zwischen 2 ♀ ♀, auf deren Dias er dressiert worden war, wie zwischen den Dias.Die Distanzrufe von Wellensittichen besitzen individuenspezifische Merkmale. In der Dressur unterschieden die Wellensittiche nur zwischen sehr verschiedenen Rufen eindeutig.2 ♂ ♂ konnten erfolgreich auf die Unterscheidung der Kombination von Dias und entsprechenden Distanzrufen zweier Wahlvögel dressiert werden. Wurden ihnen die Rufe und die Dias anschließend über Kreuz geboten, richteten sie ihre Wahl bevorzugt nach den optischen Reizen.Die Ergebnisse zeigen, daß individuelles Erkennen durch optische Reize ermöglicht wird, akustische Reize dagegen unter den Versuchsbedingungen weniger geeignet sind. Mögliche Gründe für das Versagen der Wellensittiche in der Dressur auf akustische Reize werden diskutiert, so unter anderem, daß akustische Reize in Verbindung mit optischen von den Wellensittichen stärker beachtet werden.
Display Specificity and Reproductive Isolation in the Fiddler Crabs, Uca panacea and U. pugilator
Authors: Salmon Michael , Hyatt Gary , McCarthy Kathleen , Costlow John D. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe factors responsible for reproductive isolation between two sibling species of fiddler crabs (Uca pugilator and U. panacea) were studied under both laboratory and field conditions. ♂♂ showed species differences in their visual and acoustical displays. These differences were exaggerated in the overlap zone, where U. pugilator showed character displacement of its acoustic signals. ♀♀ of U. pugilator confined with ♂♂ of U. panacea produced fewer clutches of young. Occasionally, forced matings took place in the laboratory, resulting in hybrids suffering greater mortality through development. The data indicate that both premating (behavioral) as well as postmating (higher larval mortality) barriers act to prevent interbreeding.
Temperaturabhängiges Putzen bei Sammelwespen
Authors: Pflumm Walter 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe influence of temperature on the preening of foraging wasps (Paravespula vulgaris) collecting sucrose solution at an artificial food source is described. The temperature has an influence on the number of preening movements performed per unit time (= rate of preening) as well as on the spatial distribution of the preening movements. The rate of preening as a function of the temperature is explained in a quantitative manner using a diagram, which corresponds to the disinhibition hypothesis for displacement activities. This also holds true for the honeybee. The degree of disinhibition of the preening tendency does not determine the spatial distribution of the preening movements.
A Simple Method for the Rapid Analysis of Animal Sounds
Authors: Staddon J. E. R. , McGeorge Lee W. , Bruce R. A. , Klein F. F. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractA simple, real‐time method for displaying the information contained in the zero‐crossings of acoustic signals is described. The method can be used even with many signals that have harmonics, and reveals a wealth of fine structure in bird song. Some of this structure may serve a communicatory function.
Distribution of nerve endings in human thumb interphalangeal joint
Authors: Acar Baver , Unal Melih , May Hasan , Ozturk Serra , Tanrıover Gamze , Sındel Muzaffer 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis study aims to quantitatively analyze the distribution of encapsulated nerve endings in the human thumb interphalangeal (IP) joint capsule. There are three types of nerve endings. Type‐I nerve endings (Ruffini‐like ending) sense pressure changes, Type II (Pacini‐like ending) nerve endings contribute to the kinesthetic sense, and Type III (Golgi‐like ending) nerve ending provides proprioceptive information. We dissected five right thumbs IP joints from freshly frozen cadavers (5 men). The mean age of the cadavers at the time of death was 63.4 years (55–73). Sections were stained with the hematoxylin–eosin and antiprotein gene product 9.5 (PGP9.5) to identify encapsulated nerve endings. Transverse sections were cut and divided into volar, dorsal, and then into two equal parts, proximal and distal. The density of encapsulated nerve endings compared to volar versus dorsal and proximal versus distal regions was examined. This study showed that type 1 nerve endings were more common in the distal parts of the IP joint (p < 0.05). Also, type 3 nerve endings were observed in the thumb IP joint. There was no difference between regions in type II and type III nerve endings. The current study demonstrates that the distribution of encapsulated nerve endings in the IP joint is different from the PIP and DIP joints. Moreover, further studies are required to understand the thumb‘s physiology.
FTY720 increases paclitaxel efficacy in cisplatin‐resistant oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Torres Lizeth Andrea Torres , Silva Gabriel , Alves Jovelina Samara Ferreira , Ushida Tatiane Resende , Potenza Julia , Garcia Cristiana Bernadelli , Sousa Lucas Oliveira , Lopes Norberto Peporine , Almeida Luciana Oliveira , Leopoldino Andréia Machado 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundOral squamous cell carcinoma has high recurrence and cisplatin resistance. As cancer stem cells, autophagy, and sphingolipids have been appointed as associated with chemotherapy resistance, we tested combined treatments targeting autophagy and/or sphingolipid metabolism with paclitaxel using cisplatin‐resistant oral squamous cell carcinoma cells.MethodsCisplatin‐resistant oral squamous cell carcinoma cells were maintained under exposition to FTY720 and chloroquine combined with paclitaxel and submitted to viability, clonogenicity, and spheres formation assays. The xenograft tumor model using cisplatin‐resistant CAL27 cells was adopted to examine the drug combinations' potential antitumoral efficacy. Using an animal model, sphingolipids profiles from plasma and tissue samples were obtained by liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry to identify potential lipids associated with drug response.Results and DiscussionOur results showed higher autophagic flux in cisplatin‐resistant Ooral squamous cell carcinoma (CAL27 and SCC9) cells than in parental cells. The combinations of an autophagy inhibitor (chloroquine) or an autophagy inducer/sphingosine kinase 1 antagonist (FTY720) with paclitaxel (PTX) had a synergistic antitumor effect. Treated CisR cells lost clonogenicity and tumor sphere abilities and reduced proteins associated with proliferation, survival, and cancer stem cells. FTY720 plus PTX had higher antitumor efficacy than PTX against CAL27 CisR xenograft tumor formation. Additionally, increases in glucosylceramide, dehydroglucosylceramide, and sphingomyelin were presented in responsive tumors.ConclusionFTY720 sensitizes cisplatin‐resistant oral squamous cell carcinoma cells for paclitaxel.
Surface roughness, optical properties, and microhardness of additively and subtractively manufactured CAD‐CAM materials after brushing and coffee thermal cycling
Authors: Çakmak Gülce , Donmez Mustafa Borga , de Paula Marcella Silva , Akay Canan , Fonseca Manrique , Kahveci Çiğdem , Abou‐Ayash Samir , Yilmaz Burak 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the surface roughness, optical properties, and microhardness of additively or subtractively manufactured CAD‐CAM materials after simulated brushing and coffee thermal cycling.Material and methodsTwo additively manufactured resins (Crowntec, CT and VarseoSmile Crown Plus, VS) and 3 subtractively manufactured materials (a reinforced composite (Brilliant Crios, BC), a polymer‐infiltrated ceramic network (Enamic, VE), and a feldspathic ceramic (Mark II, VM)) were used to fabricate disk‐shaped specimens (Ø10×1‐mm) (n = 10). Surface roughness, Vickers microhardness, and color coordinates were measured after polishing, while surface roughness was also measured before polishing. Specimens were then subjected to 25000 cycles of brushing and 10000 cycles of coffee thermal cycling, and measurements were repeated after each time interval. Color difference (ΔE00) and relative translucency parameter (RTP) were calculated. Robust analysis of variance test was used to evaluate surface roughness, ΔE00, and RTP data, while generalized linear model analysis was used for microhardness data (α = 0.05).ResultsMaterial type and time interval interaction affected tested parameters (p ≤ 0.002). In addition, material type affected all parameters (p < 0.001) other than surface roughness (p = 0.051), and time interval affected surface roughness and microhardness values (p < 0.001). Tested materials mostly had their highest surface roughness before polishing (p ≤ 0.026); however, there was no clear trend regarding the roughness of materials within different time intervals along with ΔE00 and RTP values within materials or time intervals. VS and CT had the lowest microhardness regardless of the time interval, while the remaining materials were listed as VM, VE, and BC in decreasing order (p < 0.001). Coffee thermal cycling only reduced the microhardness of VM (p < 0.001).ConclusionsTested additively manufactured resins can be considered more susceptible to simulated brushing and coffee thermal cycling than the other materials, given the fact that their surface roughness and ΔE00 values were higher than previously reported acceptability thresholds and because they had the lowest microhardness after all procedures were complete.
Report of Phytophthora capsici (mating type A1) isolates associated with crown‐rot disease of Capsicum annuum in Guatemala
Authors: Gonçalves‐Pereira Débora , Fonseca Maria Esther N. , Boiteux Leonardo S. , Veloso Josiene S. , Fontes Maria Geane , Sierra Alvaro Javier Rodas , Relevante‐Belagantol Cherry , Reis Ailton 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWilting and crown‐rot symptoms were observed in sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum) plants in field surveys carried out in 2021 across major vegetable‐producing areas of three municipalities of Guatemala. Phytophthora capsici (Peronosporales, Peronosporaceae) isolates were identified in association with these symptoms based upon morphological and phylogenetic analyses using nucleotide sequence information of the Cox2 mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) region. Biological tests confirmed P. capsici mating type A1 isolates as the causal agents of the disease. Symptoms similar to those observed in the field were obtained after controlled inoculation of C. annuum ‘Tico’ seedlings. Solanum habrochaites ‘LA 404’ and C. annuum ‘Criollo de Morelos’ displayed strong resistance reaction against all Guatemalan isolates. Even though P. capsici is a cosmopolitan pathogen, this is the first molecular confirmation of this pathogen infecting C. annuum in Guatemala.
Literature and global responsibility: Narratives, questions, and challenges
Authors: Bellin Stefano 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis introductory essay offers a theoretical framework for discussing the relationship between contemporary literature and global responsibility. After surveying recent conceptualisations of collective responsibility, the introduction presents the definition of global responsibility that frames the Special Issue. ‘Global’ is understood here in the double sense of worldwide and comprehensive: it draws attention to our global relations of interdependence and to the complex networks of actions and inactions that create the conditions of possibility for structural violence and injustice. Literature is a powerful tool for thinking about the challenges and questions that characterise our interconnected world, as well as for developing a sense of responsibility that transcends national and cultural boundaries. Having reflected on the ethico‐political role and potential of literature, this introduction summarises the articles that constitute this Special Issue. While the five essays that follow cannot possibly address all the problems that affect our globalised world, they offer a set of concepts, narrative explorations, and hermeneutical readings that help us to reassess critically our compromised positions, thus creating the pre‐conditions for transformative interventions.
Liver transplantation for pediatric patients with congenital heart disease: A single‐center study in mainland China
Authors: Li Tingting , Wei Xinzhe , Hu Xiangyu , Ye Xuying , Li Chao , Li Zhuqing , Li Qi , Liu Chunlei , Gao Wei , Lu Chengzhi 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundLiver transplantation (LT) is a serious cardiovascular stressor for patients with end‐stage liver disease (ESLD). Data on the effects of cardiovascular diseases on pediatric LT is limited. No study on LT for pediatric patients with ESLD combined with congenital heart disease (CHD) has been reported from mainland China.MethodsA total of 1005 patients were included in this study. The Kaplan–Meier method with log‐rank testing was used to evaluate survival outcomes between groups. Univariable and multivariable Cox regression models were used to determine the risk factors for patient and graft survival.ResultsThe most common indication for LT was biliary atresia (BA 90.3%). The prevalence of CHD was 3.8% (38). 42 CHD were found in 38 patients. The incidence of death and graft loss was more common in the CHD group than in the no‐CHD group (13.2% vs. 5.0%, p = .045 and 15.8% vs. 6.2%, p = .019, respectively). The 5‐year patient survival and graft survival in the CHD group versus the no‐CHD group was 86.8% versus 94.7% (log‐rank p = .022) and 84.2% versus 93.5% (log‐rank p = .015), respectively. No significant differences were observed in re‐transplantation, hepatic artery thrombosis (HAT), and portal vein thrombosis (PVT). After adjusting for age, BMI, etiology of LT, and other confounding factors, we can still find that the presence of CHD was associated with patient and graft survival after LT.ConclusionThe presence of CHD was associated with higher mortality and lower graft survival after LT. If possible, the cardiac defects should be addressed prior to LT.
Who benefits from work‐life programs? Lessons in gender and race from OPM's Federal Work‐Life Survey
Authors: Viswanath Shilpa , Yun Jung Ah (Claire) , Mullins Lauren Bock 
Published: November 2023

AbstractEngaging the US Office of Personnel Management's inaugural Federal Work‐life Survey (2017), this study deconstructs the gender and race differences in employee satisfaction with federal work‐life programs. We examine whether women of color employees in particular stand to benefit differently from the federal work‐life programs in comparison to their male and white colleagues. Notably, this study operationalizes the federal employee's work‐life interference and dependent care responsibilities to determine gender and race‐related differences in employee satisfaction with federal work‐life programs. Study results indicate that federal employees belonging to historically marginalized racial and ethnic groups are satisfied to a lesser extent with partaking in federal work‐life programs than their white counterparts.
Peer‐Assisted Learning Is More Effective at Higher Task Complexity and Difficulty
Authors: Carson Jarean , Juvina Ion , O'Neill Kevin , Wong Chi Hang , Menke Preston , Kindell Kristin M. , Harmon Erin 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis paper presents two studies in which a peer‐assisted learning condition was compared to an individual learning condition. The first study used the paired‐associates learning task and the second study used an incrementally more complex task—the remote associate test. Participants in the peer‐assisted learning condition worked in groups of four. They had to solve a given problem individually and give a first answer before being able to request to see their peers’ solutions; then, a second answer was issued. After six sessions of peer‐assisted practice, a final individual test was administered. Peer interaction was found to benefit learning in both studies but the benefit transferred to the final test only in the second study. Fine‐grained behavioral analyses and computational modeling suggested that the benefits of peer interaction were (partially) offset by its costs, particularly increased cognitive load and error exposure. Overall, the superiority of peer‐assisted learning over individual learning was more pronounced in the more complex task and for the more difficult problems in that task.
Spatio‐temporal analysis of trends in annual maximum rainfall in the North‐West of Algeria: Comparative analysis of recent and old non‐parametric methods
Authors: Benzater Benali , Elouissi Abdelkader , Fellah Sahnoun , Hachemaoui Anouar 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis article examines the spatial variability of extreme precipitation trends in northwestern Algeria (Macta) and compares the results obtained from the four recent and old non‐parametric methods. A dataset of annual maximum precipitation consisting of 41 observation years (1970–2010) and 41 rain gauges was used. The results of the four old and new methods used to detect trends, Mann–Kendall (MK), Bravais–Pearson (BP), Spearman (SR) and innovative trend analysis (ITA), show good agreement. They revealed that a decrease in the trend of annual maximum precipitation was detected during the first period (1970–1992) with −44% (MK), −61% (BP), −68% (SR) and −76% (ITA). On the other hand, in the second period (1993–2010), a total shift occurred in which a significant increase in annual maximum precipitation trends was observed with +63% (BP), +34% (MK and SR) and +93% (ITA). These results show the ability of ITA to detect partial trends that the other three tests do not allow. Our results allow decision‐makers to properly design adaptation strategies in the face of the intensification of these extreme events.
Geographical emergence of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine drug resistance-associated
P. falciparum
and
P. malariae
alleles in co-existing
Anopheles
mosquito and asymptomatic human populations across Cameroon
Authors: Nkemngo Francis N. , Raissa Lymen W. , Nguete Daniel N. , Ndo Cyrille , Fru-Cho Jerome , Njiokou Flobert , Wanji Samuel , Wondji Charles S. 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT

Malaria molecular surveillance remains critical in detecting and tracking emerging parasite resistance to anti-malarial drugs. The current study employed molecular techniques to determine
Plasmodium
species prevalence and characterize the genetic diversity of
Plasmodium falciparum
and
Plasmodium malariae
molecular markers of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine resistance in humans and wild
Anopheles
mosquito populations in Cameroon.
Anopheles
mosquito collections and parasitological survey were conducted in villages to determine
Plasmodium
species infection, and genomic phenotyping of anti-folate resistance was accomplished by sequencing the dihydrofolate-reductase (
dhfr
) and dihydropteroate-synthase (
dhps
) genes of naturally circulating
P. falciparum
and
P. malariae
isolates. The malaria prevalence in Elende was 73.5% with the 5–15 years age group harboring significant
P. falciparum
(27%) and
P. falciparum + P. malariae
(19%) infections. The polymorphism breadth of the pyrimethamine-associated
Pfdhfr
marker revealed a near fixation (94%) of the triple-mutant -A
16

I
51
R
59
N
108

I
164
. The
Pfdhps
backbone mediating sulfadoxine resistance reveals a high frequency of the

V
431
A
436
G
437

K
540
A
581
A
613
alleles (20.8%). Similarly, the
Pmdhfr
N
50
K
55

L
57
R
58

S
59
S
114
F
168
I
170
haplotype (78.4%) was predominantly detected in the asexual blood stage. In contrast, the
Pmdhps
–
S
436
A
437
occured at 37.2% frequency. The combined quadruple N
50
K
55

L
57
R
58

S
59
S
114
F
168
I
170
_

S
436
G
437

K
540
A
581
A
613
(31.9%) was the major circulating haplotype with similar frequency in humans and mosquitoes. This study highlights the increasing frequency of the
P. malariae
parasite mostly common in asymptomatic individuals with apparent
P. falciparum
infection. Interventions directed at reducing malaria transmission such as the scaling-up of SP are favoring the emergence and spread of multiple drug-resistant alleles between the human and mosquito host systems.