bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Використання нейромережевих засобів для розпізнавання об'єктів у мобільних системах з обходом перешкод
Authors: Борківський Б. П. , Теслюк В. М. 
Published: October 2023

Запропоновано вдосконалення нейромережевого методу розпізнавання об'єктів для пошуку доречних об'єктів в межах заданого контексту. Проаналізовано останні дослідження та підходи до вирішення проблеми розпізнавання об'єктів і виявлено ключові особливості декількох архітектур нейронних мереж. Наведено метод, що базується на поєднанні нейронної мережі, пристосованої до пошуку образів, та застосуванні додаткових алгоритмів для вилучення зайвих об'єктів, а саме алгоритму видалення дублікатів об'єктів та алгоритму фільтрації об'єктів відповідно до контексту. Застосовано готову архітектуру Single Shot Detector як основу нейронної мережі для розпізнавання об'єктів, треновану на наборі даних COCO. Розроблено алгоритм фільтрації об'єктів, який містить попереднє створення конфігурації, для визначення множин доречних класів об'єктів для різних контекстів. Розроблено гнучку конфігурацію, яка може бути модифікована та розширена новими умовами роботи, за потреби, без додаткових змін у логіці програмної частини. Проведено низку експериментів для визначення точності роботи системи у нових середовищах, під час яких систему протестовано з використанням набору даних ODSR-IHS, який містить зображення, отримані під час роботи роботів-порохотягів, і досягнуто точності розпізнавання 5 класів об'єктів на рівні 83 %. Виявлено під час проведення експериментів здатність системи знаходити більшу кількість значущих об'єктів, ніж передбачалось авторами набору даних, зокрема людей у кадрі, що свідчить про перспективність використання системи у різному оточенні. Встановлено, що завдяки використанню диверсифікованого набору даних із 80 класами об'єктів та відбором тільки значущих предметів розроблена система є ефективною під час використання у різних середовищах. Запропонований метод вирішує проблему перевикористання єдиної системи розпізнавання об'єктів у різних середовищах, що спрощує її використання у мобільних системах, які можуть працювати у різному оточенні.
Lateral wedge with medial only cardiac shielding (LEMONADE) technique in left breast radiotherapy
Authors: Abdullah Reduan , Appalanaido Gokula Kumar , Shukor Syadwa Abdul , Mohd Zin Mohd Hafiz , Abd Aziz Mohd Zahri , Ishak Nor Hafizah 
Published: October 2023

This dosimetric study analyzed the lateral wedge with medial only cardiac shielding (LEMONADE) technique for left breast radiotherapy (LBRT) against three other commonly used techniques which is a follow-up from our earlier publication of LEMONADE technique in left chest wall (LCW) radiotherapy.
Dosimetric parameters of 30 consecutive patients who underwent LBRT with LEMONADE technique (P1) after breast conserving surgery (BCS) were compared with 3 other virtually reconstructed plans: no cardiac shielding with paired wedges; P2 (paired wedges and medial only Y-direction shielding) and P3 (paired wedges and bilateral Y-direction shielding).
P1 had target volume (TV) coverage [mean 90% isodose coverage of 89.00% ± 3.96 vs 86.28% ± 4.80 and 84.43% ± 5.70 for P2 and P3, respectively]. While there is 3.07% drop in TV coverage compared to no cardiac shielding, the V26Gy of heart dropped from 5.26% to a negligible 0.56% for P1. Low dose region (TV receiving < 30Gy) is also significantly lesser for P1 compared to P2 and P3 (1.50% vs 3.61% and 5.65%).
The earlier positive LEMONADE dosimetric study of LCW radiotherapy has been replicated in this study with much better dose volume parametres likely due to the physical properties of intact breast. LEMONADE is an easily re-producible and simple radiotherapy technique that can be implemented in most radiotherapy centres. Further study is needed on the use of LEMONADE technique in extreme hypofractionation.
Predictors of Weight Gain among Undergraduate Students during the COVID-19 Quarantine
Authors: Vanoh Divya , Nik Aziz Nik Nurhidayah , Mohd Salleh Nur Syakirah Arissa , Mat Saat Geshina Ayu 
Published: October 2023

Objectives: The quarantine due to the COVID-19 pandemic has induced stress among university students. Lifestyle changes during this quarantine period have contributed to changes in eating habits. Thus, this study aimed to determine the factors affecting weight status during the COVID-19 quarantine period among undergraduate students at Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM).
Methods: 114 subjects were recruited in this retrospective cross-sectional study. Sections of the questionnaire were sociodemographic information, anthropometry measurements, Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS), and Binge Eating Scale (BES). Subjects were required to recall this information during the pre-quarantine period in February 2020 and the post-quarantine period in July 2020.
Results: 52.6% of the students had weight gain. The prevalence of overweight and obesity increased from 15.8% and 4.4% before the quarantine to 17.5% and 6.1%, respectively, after the quarantine. Extreme levels of stress, anxiety, and depression were reported by 0.9%, 19.3%, and 8.8% of the respondents. Regression analysis revealed that binge eating score was the only significant predictor of weight status before and after the quarantine period.
Conclusion: Altered eating behaviour during the COVID-19 quarantine contributed to weight changes among university students in Malaysia. Factors influencing eating habits must be identified to reduce the incidence of overweight and obesity among university students, especially during the pandemic.
REVISITING THE CONCEPT OF MULTIPLE CRIMES AND ITS FORMS IN RUSSIAN CRIMINAL LAW
Authors: Терещенко А.И. 
Published: October 2023

В статье анализируется понятие множественности преступлений, вычленяются присущие ей признаки, позволяющие узнать или отличить ее от иных понятий смежного характера. Изучению подвергаются также формы множественности преступлений, многообразие мнений и суждений, высказываемых в доктрине на этот счет. Устанавливается факт отсутствия отрицания в доктрине лишь двух форм множественности: совокупности и рецидива, то есть тех форм, что нашли закрепление в Общей части УК РФ. Констатируется, что выделение всех иных форм множественности преступлений весьма дискуссионно. Усилению таких споров способствовал и сам законодатель, который стал чаще использовать в УК РФ, его Особенной части, такие признаки, как неоднократность, систематичность, судимость; закреплять составы, не имеющие признака неоднократности, но предполагающие административную преюдицию. Все это не могло не отразиться на понимании множественности преступлений, ее форм, усложнив восприятие данных категорий и актуализировав тему исследования. Результатом теоретических изысканий стали предложения о внесении изменений в УК РФ, призванные способствовать совершенствованию регламентации института множественности преступлений. Обоснована, в частности, целесообразность выделения норм о множественности преступлений в отдельную главу УК РФ с закреплением в ней определения множественности.
The article analyzes the concept of a plurality of crimes, singles out its inherent features that allow you to recognize or distinguish it from other concepts of a related nature. The forms of the multiplicity of crimes, the diversity of opinions and judgments expressed in the doctrine on this subject are also being studied. The fact of the absence of negation in the doctrine of only two forms of plurality is established: totality and recurrence, i.e. those forms that have found legal consolidation in the General Part of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. It is stated that the allocation of all other forms of multiplicity of crimes is highly debatable. The legislator himself also contributed to the strengthening of such disputes, who began to use more often in the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, its Special Part, such signs as repetition, systematicity, criminal record; to fix compositions that do not have a sign of repetition, but suggest an administrative prejudice. All this could not but affect the understanding of the multiplicity of crimes, its forms, complicating the perception of these categories and updating the research topic. The result of theoretical research was proposals for amendments to the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, designed to promote improving the regulation of the institution of multiple crimes.
Study Literature Implementasi Manajemen Kepemimpinan Kepala Sekolah dalam Membangun Profesionalisme Guru
Authors: Tishana Annisa , Giatman M. , Ernawati  
Published: October 2023

Permasalahan yang menjadi pokok pembahasaan dalam penelitian ini adalah bagaimana usaha dan upaya yang dilakukan oleh kepala sekolah dalam meningkatkan profesionalisme guru. Pembahasan penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian Literature Review, data diperoleh dengan teknik: menelaah artikel yang berkaitan dengan topik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan masukan bagi kepala sekolah terhadap usaha dan upaya dalam meningkatkan profesionalisme guru di sekolah, bagimana mengatasi kendala yang paling mendasar yang di hadapi kepala sekolah dalam meningkatkan kompetensi guru. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa dengan implementasi manajemen kepemimpinan kepala sekolah sangat berpengaruh dengan proses peningkatan profesionalisme guru, dengan kata lain seorang kepala sekolah harus paham akan kiat yang dapat dilakukan guna meningkatkan kompetensi yang dimiliki guru. Terbukti dengan implementasi manajemen kepemimpinan kepala sekolah dari telaah artikel yang dipaparkan diatas bahwa kepala sekolah adalah seseorang yang sangat berpengaruh dan mempengaruhi kinerja guru menjadi efektif dan lebih efesien.
Accelerating Polyhedral Discrete Element Method with CUDA
Authors: Wen Tongge , Zeng Xiangyuan 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This paper presents an efficient CUDA-based implementation of a nonspherical discrete element method where irregular particles are described by using polyhedrons. Two strategies are employed to exploit the parallelism of the numerical method. One is to perform contact detection based on the contact pair level instead of the traditional particle level. The second is to reduce the computational burden of each kernel function by allocating thread blocks reasonably. Contact detection between potential contact pairs is the most complicated, time-consuming, and essential process for the polyhedral discrete element method. The linear bounding volume hierarchies are introduced to fix this issue. The hierarchies of the bounding volume tree are organized in a spatially coherent way. Such a structure can minimize branch divergence and is very suitable for parallel implementation with GPU. Two numerical examples are presented to show the performance of the code. It is found from the scenario of two sphere collision that improving the mesh resolution of polyhedral particles can reduce the computational error while slowing down the computational speed correspondingly. A trade-off must be made between accuracy and efficiency. The other example of self-gravitating aggregation demonstrates the code is convergent, stable, and highly efficient. Particularly, with a mainstream GPU, the proposed method easily performs hundreds of times faster than the serial CPU code that does the same function.
Nitrogen as a Tracer of Giant Planet Formation. II. Comprehensive Study of Nitrogen Photochemistry and Implications for Observing NH3 and HCN in Transmission and Emission Spectra
Authors: Ohno Kazumasa , Fortney Jonathan J. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Atmospheric nitrogen may provide important constraints on giant planet formation. Following our semianalytical work, we further pursue the relation between observable NH3 and an atmosphere’s bulk nitrogen abundance by applying the photochemical kinetics model VULCAN across planetary equilibrium temperature, mass, age, eddy diffusion coefficient, atmospheric composition, and stellar spectral type. We confirm that the quenched NH3 abundance coincides with the bulk nitrogen abundance only at sub-Jupiter-mass (≲1M
J) planets and old ages (≳1 Gyr) for solar composition atmospheres, highlighting important caveats for inferring atmospheric nitrogen abundances. Our semianalytical model reproduces the quenched NH3 abundance computed by VULCAN and thus helps to infer the bulk nitrogen abundance from a retrieved NH3 abundance. By computing transmission and emission spectra, we predict that the equilibrium temperature range of 400–1000 K is optimal for detecting NH3 because NH3 depletion by thermochemistry and photochemistry is significant at hotter planets whereas entire spectral features become weak at colder planets. For Jupiter-mass planets around Sun-like stars in this temperature range, NH3 leaves observable signatures of ∼50 ppm at 1.5, 2.1, and 11 μm in transmission spectra and >300–100 ppm at 6 and 11 μm in emission spectra. The photodissociation of NH3 leads HCN to replace NH3 at low pressures. However, the low HCN column densities lead to much weaker absorption features than for NH3. The NH3 features are readily accessible to JWST observations to constrain atmospheric nitrogen abundances, which may open a new avenue to understanding the formation processes of giant exoplanets.
Extended 3He-rich Time Periods Observed by Solar Orbiter: Magnetic Connectivity and Sources
Authors: Kouloumvakos A. , Mason G. M. , Ho G. C. , Allen R. C. , Wimmer-Schweingruber Robert F. , Rouillard A. P. , Rodriguez-Pacheco J. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Observations of Solar Energetic Particles (SEPs) using the Suprathermal Ion Spectrograph (SIS), which is part of the Energetic Particle Detector suite on the Solar Orbiter mission, present an unprecedented opportunity to investigate the composition and evolution of SEPs in close proximity to the Sun. By analyzing data from the SIS instrument, we have compiled a catalog of extended time periods during the first five orbits of the spacecraft around the Sun, which exhibit a significant abundance of 3He. We have identified 33 periods lasting over one day that show a high abundance of 3He. For each period, we examined the SEP characteristics, the magnetic connectivity of the spacecraft, and the magnetically connected regions. Our findings show that these time periods typically span seven days and consist of multiple injections of 3He, and that the peak in 3He flux is observed two days after the time periods begin. The time periods usually start (end) when the spacecraft’s magnetic connection changes to (from) an active region (AR). In most cases, we observed a stable magnetic connection between the spacecraft and one or more ARs, with an average connection time of 4.1 ± 1.8 days.
Machine-learning Inferences of the Interior Structure of Rocky Exoplanets from Bulk Observational Constraints
Authors: Zhao Yong , Ni Dongdong , Liu Zibo 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Characterizing the interiors of rocky exoplanets is important to understand planetary populations and further investigate planetary habitability. New observable constraints and inference techniques have been explored for this purpose. In this work, we design and train mixture density networks (MDNs) to predict the interior properties of rocky exoplanets with large compositional diversity. In addition to measurements of mass and radius, bulk refractory elemental abundance ratios and the static Love number k
2 are used to constrain the interior of rocky exoplanets. It is found that the MDNs are able to infer the interior properties of rocky exoplanets from the available measurements of exoplanets. Compared with powerful inversion methods based on Bayesian inference, the trained MDNs provide a more rapid characterization of planetary interiors for each individual planet. The MDN model offers a convenient and practical tool for probabilistic inferences of planetary interiors.
The Influence of Human IgG Subclass and Allotype on Complement Activation
Authors: Damelang Timon , de Taeye Steven W , Rentenaar Rosa , Roya-Kouchaki Kasra , de Boer Esther , Derksen Ninotska I L , van Kessel Kok , Lissenberg-Thunnissen Suzanne , Rooijakkers Suzan H M , Jongerius Ilse , Mebius Mirjam M , Schuurman Janine , Labrijn Aran F , Vidarsson Gestur , Rispens Theo 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Complement activation via the classical pathway is initiated when oligomeric Igs on target surfaces are recognized by C1 of the complement cascade. The strength of this interaction and activation of the complement system are influenced by structural variation of the Ab, including Ab isotype, subclass, and glycosylation profile. Polymorphic variants of IgG have also been described to influence Fc-dependent effector functions. Therefore, we assessed complement binding, deposition, and complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) of 27 known IgG allotypes with anti-trinitrophenyl specificity. Differences between allotypes within subclasses were minor for IgG1, IgG3, and IgG4 allotypes, and more substantial for IgG2. Allelic variant IGHG2*06, containing a unique serine at position 378 in the CH3 domain, showed less efficient complement activation and CDC compared with other IgG2 polymorphisms. We also observed variable cell lysis between IgG1 and IgG3, with IgG3 being superior in lysis of human RBCs and Ramos cells, and IgG1 being superior in lysis of Raji and Wien133 cells, demonstrating that a long-standing conundrum in the literature depends on cellular context. Furthermore, we compared IgG1 and IgG3 under different circumstances, showing that Ag density and Ab hinge length, but not complement regulators, define the context dependency of Ab-mediated CDC activity. Our results point toward a variation in the capacity of IgG subclasses to activate complement due to single amino acid changes and hinge length differences of allotypes to activate complement, which might give new insights on susceptibility to infectious, alloimmune, or autoimmune diseases and aid the design of Ab-based therapeutics.
Hygienic assessment of the acoustic load on airport ground staff during ground handling of aircrafts
Authors: Karelin Alexander O. , Filipchick Olga E. , Yeremin Gennadiy B. 
Published: October 2023

Introduction. Among the occupational factors having a harmful effect on the body of airport ground staff, noise dominates, the levels of which may exceed normative values.
The purpose of the study. To assess the acoustic loads on airport ground staff when working on the platform of a modern airport.
Materials and methods. Noise measurements at the workplaces of airport ground staff of the profession “Duty “follow me” Driver” (hereinafter referred to as the Duty Driver) were carried out in accordance with GOST ISO 9612–2016. On the basis of the analysis of the working situation and the typical structure of the working day a measurement strategy based on the labour function was adopted. The CENTER 322 noise meter was used to measure the noise.
Results. The basic duration of the Duty Driver’s working shift is 10.5 hours and the effective duration of the working day in the sector of the installation of the aircraft (AC) at the parking place (PP) is 4 hours. It is revealed that the greatest noise load on the Duty Officer occurs at the time of coordination of the AC on PP. The main and basic sources of noise in this case are the working turbines of the aircraft. The maximum sound pressure levels depended on the type of aircraft and ranged from 91.2 dBA for the Boeing-747 to 111.0 dBA for the AN-26. The equivalent sound pressure level for a 10.5-hour working day was
92.3 ± 3.4 dBA, for the effective duration of the working day (4 hours) – 96.5 ± 3.4 dBA. The maximum sound levels for most brands of modern aircraft do not exceed the standard parameters. Equivalent sound pressure levels exceed the established standards by 12.3–16.5 dBA.
Limitations of the study. Since the Duty Driver was wearing a microphone on himself, there were uncertainties caused by the shielding and reflecting effects of the body.
Conclusion. Duty Drivers are exposed to noise exceeding hygienic standards. This makes it possible to attribute the workplace of the Duty Officers to the harmful class of working conditions 3.2 according to the acoustic factor and makes it necessary for them to use personal protective equipment against noise when working on the platform.
Ağrı İli Tunç Çağı Mezarlarının Sınıflandırılması ve Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: KUMANDAŞ YANMAZ Hacer 
Published: October 2023

Kafkaslardan Anadolu’ya geçiş güzergâhında yer alan Ağrı, Geç Kalkolitik Çağ’dan itibaren yerleşim görmeye başlamıştır. Bölgede İlk Tunç Çağı’ndan, Demir Çağı’na kadar Karaz Kültürü etkili olurken, Demir Çağı’nda bölgeye Urartuların hâkim olduğu görülmüştür. Karaz Kültürü’nde en yaygın mezar olarak kurganlar ile karşılaşılmaktadır. Ağrı ilinde tespit edilen ve çoğunluğu soyulmuş olarak karşımıza çıkan kurganların en önemlileri, Yaygınyurt, Suluçem ve Bozkurt Kurgan Mezarlıklarıdır. Kurganlarda yapılan yüzey araştırması ve kazılardan ele geçen seramikler, bu mezarların Güney Kafkasya ve İran Azerbaycan’ında olduğu gibi Erken Transkafkasya Dönemi’nin sonundan, Orta Demir Çağı’na değin uzanan bir süreç içinde kullanıldıklarını ortaya koymaktadır.
Bu çalışma ile Ağrı ilinde Tunç Çağ’ında, bölgenin konumu gereği Ağrı ilinin üstlendiği stratejik önemi, bölgede yaşamış olan kültürlerin yansımaları olan mezar tipleri ışığında ortaya koymak amaçlanmıştır.
Eskatologi : Keberadaan Alam Akhirat dalam Al-Qur'an
Authors: Abdul Majid Majid , Ainul Yaqin Ainul 
Published: October 2023

Every living thing in this world will die. After life in this world, there is another life, namely life after death or life in the afterlife. Life after death or life in the afterlife has always been a mystery. It has always captured the imagination with various perceptions. This research aims to explore the existence or location of the afterlife, based on the interpretation of Surah Ibrahim verse 48. This research uses the analytical interpretation method (tahlili) accompanied by a Sufi interpretation approach. This study shows the result that the existence of the afterlife itself occurs on this planet earth, namely in the place where humans are now. However, some interpretations describe differences regarding the mechanism of the changing of the earth and the ceiling and the description of the state of the times and the earth.
Don Tomás Muñoz Romero, medievalista e historiador del Derecho
Authors: De la Cruz Herranz Luis Miguel 
Published: October 2023

31/05/2023 /Aceptado:5/07/2023
Resumen. Se estudia en profundidad la vida y la obra de Tomás Muñoz y Romero. Tras una breve síntesis sobre su vida y formación académica se analiza con detalle su relación con las tres instituciones que marcaron su trayectoria profesional: la Real Academia de la Historia (RAH), el Archivo Histórico Nacional (AHN) y la Escuela Superior de Diplomática (ESD). Se destaca y analiza la labor acometida en estas instituciones, así como sus publicaciones, muy relacionados con los trabajos que desempeñó en cada una de ellas. A destacar su labor de organización de los fondos eclesiásticos desamortizados reunidos en la RAH, germen del AHN creado en 1866, donde fue su primer director. Asimismo, fue el primer catedrático de Paleografía en la ESD donde formó una serie de discípulos que continuaron su labor, tanto en el AHN como en la ESD. Se le puede considerar como uno de nuestros primeros medievalistas e historiadores del derecho, campos en los que fue pionero en muchos aspectos.