bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In Situ Polymerization of Cross‐Linked Perovskite–Polymer Composites for Highly Stable and Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Guo He , Yoon Geon Woo , Li Zi Jia , Yun Yeonghun , Lee Sangwook , Seo You‐Hyun , Jeon Nam Joong , Han Gill Sang , Jung Hyun Suk 
Published: November 2023

AbstractMixed‐halide perovskites have emerged as outstanding light absorbers that enable the fabrication of efficient solar cells; however, their instability hinders the commercialization of such systems. Grain‐boundary (GB) defects and lattice tensile strain are critical intrinsic‐instability factors in polycrystalline perovskite films. In this study, the light‐induced cross‐linking of acrylamide (Am) monomers with non‐crystalline perovskite films is used to fabricate highly efficient and stable perovskite solar cells (PSCs). The Am monomers induce the preferred crystal orientation in the polycrystalline perovskite films, enlarge the perovskite grain size, and cross‐link the perovskite grains. Additionally, the liquid properties of Am effectively releases lattice strain during perovskite‐film crystallization. The cross‐linked interfacial layer functions as an airtight wall that protects the perovskite film from water corrosion. Devices fabricated using the proposed strategy show an excellent power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 24.45% with an open‐circuit voltage (VOC) of 1.199 V, which, to date, is the highest VOC reported for hybrid PSCs with electron transport layers (ETLs) comprised of TiO2. Large‐area PSC modules fabricated using the proposed strategy show a power conversion efficiency of 20.31% (with a high fill factor of 77.1%) over an active area of 33 cm2, with excellent storage stability.
Enhancing Bacillus licheniformis sporulation with automatic nitrogen feeding based on online detection of exhaust CO2
Authors: Ding Jian , Wang Bo , Jiang Jingyan , Jia Luqiang , Lu Cheng 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe Bacillus licheniformis formulation is effective in environmental remediation, gut microbiota modulation, and soil improvement. Adequate spore quantity is crucial for activity of B. licheniformis formulations. This study aimed to enhance B. licheniformis BF‐002 sporulation by optimizing nitrogen source feeding. In the initial four manual feeding strategies, continuous feeding based on exhaust CO2 resulted in the highest cell and spore quantities (1.44 × 1010 and 6.12 × 109 cfu/mL). Python‐based automatic feeding, based on online exhaust CO2 detection, was developed and implemented in 5 and 50 L cultivations. Compared to manual feeding, cell and spore quantities increased by 31.25% and 97.7%, respectively. Substituting costly peptone (fish) with NH4Cl reduced spore quantity by 8.46% and 9.25% in 5 and 50 L cultivations, while cutting nitrogen source cost by 87.08% and 91.39%. Employing exhaust CO2 concentration for automatic nitrogen supplementation effectively promotes Bacillus growth and spore formation.
Ein universeller, kontinuierlicher Assay für SAM‐abhängige Methyltransferasen
Authors: Menke Marian J. , Schneider Pascal , Badenhorst Christoffel P. S. , Kunzendorf Andreas , Heinz Florian , Dörr Mark , Hayes Martin A. , Bornscheuer Uwe T. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractDie enzymkatalysierte Funktionalisierung (engl.: late‐stage functionalization (LSF)), wie z. B. die Methylierung von Arzneimittelmolekülen und Leitstrukturen, ermöglicht den direkten Zugang zu wirksameren pharmazeutischen Wirkstoffen (API). S‐Adenosyl‐l‐Methionin‐abhängige Methyltransferasen (MTs) können eine Schlüsselrolle bei der Entwicklung neuer Wirkstoffe spielen, da sie die chemo‐ und regioselektive Methylierung von O‐, N‐, S‐ und C‐Atomen katalysieren und damit den herkömmlichen chemischen Wegen überlegen sind. Um geeignete MTs zu identifizieren, haben wir einen kontinuierlichen fluoreszenzbasierten Hochdurchsatzassay für SAM‐abhängige Methyltransferasen entwickelt, der das Screening unter Verwendung von E. coli Zelllysaten erleichtert. Dieser Assay besteht aus zwei enzymatischen Schritten für die Umwandlung von S‐Adenosyl‐l‐Homocystein zu H2S, was zu einer selektiven Fluoreszenzmessung durch Reduktion eines Azidocoumarin‐Sulfidsensors führt. Die Untersuchung von zwei O‐MTs und einer N‐MT bestätigte, dass dieser Assay für die Bestimmung der Methyltransferase‐Aktivität in E. coli Zelllysaten geeignet ist.
Enhanced harvest performance predictability through advanced multivariate data analysis of mammalian cell culture particle size distribution
Authors: Sebastian Martina , Goldrick Stephen , Cheeks Matthew , Turner Richard , Farid Suzanne S. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe industry's pursuit for higher antibody production has led to increased cell density cultures that impact the performance of subsequent product recovery steps. This increase in cell concentration has highlighted the critical role of solids concentration in centrifugation yield, while recent product degradation cases have shed light on the impact of cell lysis on product quality. Current methods for measuring solids concentration and cell lysis are not suited for early‐stage high‐throughput experimentation, which means that these cell culture outputs are not well characterized in early process development. This article describes a novel approach that leveraged the data from a widely‐used automated cell counter (Vi‐CELL™ XR) to accurately predict solids concentration and a common cell lysis indicator represented as lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release. For this purpose, partial least squares (PLS) models were derived with k‐fold cross‐validation from the particle size distribution data generated by the cell counter. The PLS models showed good predictive potential for both LDH release and solids concentration. This novel approach reduced the time required for evaluating the solids concentration and LDH for a typical high‐throughput cell culture system (with 48 bioreactors in parallel) from around 7 h down to a few minutes.
Increasing the Stability of Flavin‐Dependent Halogenases by Disulfide Engineering
Authors: Besse Caroline , Niemann Hartmut H. , Sewald Norbert 
Published: November 2023

AbstractFlavin‐dependent halogenases allow halogenation of electron‐rich aromatic compounds under mild reaction conditions even at electronically unfavored positions with high regioselectivity. In order to expand the application of halogenases, the enzymes need to be improved in terms of stability and efficiency. A previous study with the tryptophan 6‐halogenase Thal demonstrated that thermostable Thal variants tend to form dimers in solution while the wild type is present as a monomer. Based on this a dimeric Thal variant was generated that is covalently linked by disulfide bonds. Introducing two cysteine residues at the dimer interface resulted in the variant Thal CC with significantly increased thermostability (▵T50=15.7 K) and stability over time at elevated temperature compared to the wild type. By introducing the homologous mutations into the tryptophan 5‐halogenase PyrH, we were able to show that the stabilization by covalent dimerization can also be transferred to other halogenases. Moreover, it was possible to further increase the thermostability of PyrH by inserting cysteine mutations at alternative sites of the dimer interface.
Tailored Nickel‐Tungsten Interface on ZSM‐5as a Bi‐functional Catalyst for the Single‐Pot Conversion of Furfural to Renewable Alkyl Levulinates
Authors: Saini Bhavna , Tathod Anup Prakash , Diwakar Jitendra , Kaishyop Jyotishman , Arumugam Selvamani , Viswanadham Nagabhatla 
Published: November 2023

AbstractA single–pot conversion of furfural (FAL) to alkyl levulinates (AL) without using molecular hydrogen has been studied over ZSM‐5‐based Ni−W bimetallic catalysts. The metal‐metal and metal‐support interactions in the bi‐metallic catalyst are tailored by adopting appropriate synthesis protocol to conceive the superior catalytic performance. Insights on the structural properties and structure‐properties relationship of catalyst is described using the data obtained through various characterization techniques like FTIR, XRD, NH3‐TPD, H2‐TPR, TEM, UV‐Vis, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The catalyst synthesis method is observed to influence catalyst properties and catalytic activity strongly. The present study indicates the formation of Ni−W bimetallic interface enhances the catalytic performance towards AL formation. However, the probability of interface formation is mainly governed by synthesis protocol. The study highlights the importance of selecting a suitable synthesis route to achieve desirable catalyst properties for obtaining enhanced catalytic performance. The Ni/W@ZSM‐5 catalyst developed in the present study exhibited excellent catalytic performance towards the production of various ALs from FAL using primary and secondary alcohols as source of hydrogen as well as reactant.
Exploring the Synergistic Effects of Dual‐Layer Electrodes for High Power Li‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Dawkins Jeremy I. G. , Pan Yani , Ghavidel Mohammadreza Z. , Geissler Johann , Krueger Bastian , Chhin Danny , Yuan Hui , Tong Victoria , Pelletier‐Villeneuve Brittany , Feng Renfei , Botton Gianluigi A. , Chapman Karena W. , Mauzeroll Janine , Schougaard Steen B. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractInvited for this issue's Front Cover are the group of Prof. Janine Mauzeroll and Prof. Steen B. Schougaard. The front cover picture shows Li‐metal cells which contain two active materials (red and blue). The cell on the left has both materials intermixed (blended electrode), while the cell on the right has them segregated (dual‐layer electrode). The brightness emitted by the bulbs, the position on the scale, and the distribution of Li+ in the liquid phase (green orbs) reflects the high‐power capabilities of the dual‐layer architecture. Cover design by Jeremy I. G. Dawkins, Janine Mauzeroll and Steen B. Schougaard. Read the full text of the Research Article at 10.1002/celc.202300279.
Preference of dhurrin‐free sorghum by ewes
Authors: Gruss Shelby M. , Johnson Keith D. , Radcliffe John Scott , Lemenager Ronald P. , Tuinstra Mitchell R. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractSorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] is a resilient forage crop due to its drought tolerance and adaptation to low‐N environments. Sorghum produces a cyanogenic glucoside called dhurrin. The breakdown of dhurrin leads to the release of hydrogen cyanide (HCN), which can cause cyanide toxicity in livestock. Dhurrin‐free sorghum lines have been developed through chemical mutagenesis by mutagenizing the gene for the first enzyme, CYP79A1, in the biosynthetic pathway. The CYP79A1 mutation was bred into sorghum lines to create a dhurrin‐free experimental hybrid. Grazing preference of ewes was assessed when allocated to the dhurrin‐free hybrid and three commercial hybrids. Near isogenic lines (NIL), contrasting in dhurrin production, were also compared for grazing preference. Forage mass was measured before and after grazing to determine the amount of forage mass grazed by the ewes. An unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) was flown to quantify changes in normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) over time for each hybrid. The nutritive values of the hybrids were also evaluated. The dhurrin‐free hybrid was grazed 19% and 13% more (p‐value ≤ 0.05) in comparison to the commercial hybrids for the second and third grazing cycles in 2019 and 2020. The NIL Tx623 bmr6 CYP79A1, was grazed 20% more than Tx623 bmr6 in two grazing cycles in 2020. Remote sensing data showed a similar pattern with the dhurrin‐free hybrid having the largest decline in NDVI for three grazing cycles in 2019. Nutritive value of the dhurrin‐free hybrid was similar to the two hybrids with the brown midrib (bmr) trait.
Uncertainty quantification and identification of SST turbulence model parameters based on Bayesian optimization algorithm in supersonic flow
Authors: Yang Maotao , Guo Mingming , Zhang Yi , Tian Ye , Yi Miaorong , Le Jialing , Zhang Hua 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe Reynolds‐Averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) model is the main model in engineering applications today. However, the normal value of the closure coefficient of the RANS turbulence model is determined based on some simple basic flows and may no longer be applicable for complex flows. In this paper, the closure coefficient of shear stress transport (SST) turbulence model is recalibrated by combining Bayesian method and particle swarm optimization algorithm, so as to improve the numerical simulation accuracy of wall pressure in supersonic flow. First, the obtained prior samples were numerically calculated, and the Sobol index of the closure coefficient was calculated by sensitivity analysis method to characterize the sensitivity of the wall pressure to the model parameters. Second, combined with the uncertainty of propagation parameters by non‐intrusive polynomial chaos (NIPC). Finally, Bayesian optimization is used to quantify the uncertainty and obtain the maximum likelihood function estimation and optimal parameters. The results show that the maximum relative error of wall pressure predicted by the SST turbulence model decreases from 29.71% to 9.00%, and the average relative error decreases from 9.86% to 3.67% through the parameter calibration of Bayesian optimization method. In addition, the system evaluated the calibration effect of three criteria, and the calibration results parameters under the three criteria were all better than the calculated results of the nominal values. Meanwhile, the velocity profile and density profile of the flow field were also analyzed. Finally, the same calibration method was applied to the supersonic hollow cylinder and BSL (Baseline) turbulence model, and the same calibration results were obtained, which verified the universality of the calibration method.
Tracking antigen‐specific TCR clonotypes in SARS‐CoV‐2 infection reveals distinct severity trajectories
Authors: Kim Ik Soo , Kang Chang Kyung , Lee Seung Jae , Lee Chang‐Han , Kim Minji , Seo Chaehwa , Kim Gwanghun , Lee Soojin , Park Kyoung Sun , Chang Euijin , Jung Jongtak , Song Kyoung‐Ho , Choe Pyoeng Gyun , Park Wan Beom , Kim Eu Suk , Bin Kim Hong , Kim Nam Joong , Oh Myoung‐don , Lee Jong‐Eun , Shin Hyun Mu , Kim Hang‐Rae 
Published: November 2023

AbstractDespite the importance of antigen‐specific T cells in infectious disease, characterizing and tracking clonally amplified T cells during the progression of a patient's symptoms remain unclear. Here, we performed a longitudinal, in‐depth single‐cell multiomics analysis of samples from asymptomatic, mild, usual severe, and delayed severe patients of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. Our in‐depth analysis revealed that hyperactive or improper T‐cell responses were more aggressive in delayed severe patients. Interestingly, tracking of antigen‐specific T‐cell receptor (TCR) clonotypes along the developmental trajectory indicated an attenuation in functional T cells upon severity. In addition, increased glycolysis and interleukin‐6 signaling in the cytotoxic T cells were markedly distinct in delayed severe patients compared to usual severe patients, particularly in the middle and late stages of infection. Tracking B‐cell receptor clonotypes also revealed distinct transitions and somatic hypermutations within B cells across different levels of disease severity. Our results suggest that single‐cell TCR clonotype tracking can distinguish the severity of patients through immunological hallmarks, leading to a better understanding of the severity differences in and improving the management of infectious diseases by analyzing the dynamics of immune responses over time.
Elderly Onset of Functional Motor Disorders: Clinical Correlates from the Italian Registry
Authors: Geroin Christian , Petracca Martina , Di Tella Sonia , Marcuzzo Enrico , Erro Roberto , Cuoco Sofia , Ceravolo Roberto , Mazzucchi Sonia , Pilotto Andrea , Padovani Alessandro , Romito Luigi Michele , Eleopra Roberto , Zappia Mario , Nicoletti Alessandra , Dallocchio Carlo , Arbasino Carla , Bono Francesco , Laterza Vincenzo , Demartini Benedetta , Gambini Orsola , Modugno Nicola , Olivola Enrica , Bonanni Laura , Albanese Alberto , Ferrazzano Gina , Tessitore Alessandro , Lopiano Leonardo , Calandra‐Buonaura Giovanna , Morgante Francesca , Esposito Marcello , Pisani Antonio , Manganotti Paolo , Tesolin Lucia , Teatini Francesco , Camozzi Serena , Ercoli Tommaso , Stocchi Fabrizio , Coletti Moja Mario , Defazio Giovanni , Tinazzi Michele 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundFunctional motor disorders (FMD) are a frequent neurological condition affecting patients with movement disorders. Commonly described in younger adults, their manifestation can be also associated to an elderly onset.ObjectiveTo assess the prevalence and describe the clinical manifestations of FMD with elderly and younger onset and their relationship with demographical and clinical variables.MethodsWe recruited patients with a “clinically definite” diagnosis of FMD from the Italian Registry of FMD. Patients underwent extensive clinical assessments. For elderly onset, we set a chronological cut‐off at 65 years or older according to WHO definition. Multivariate regression models were implemented to estimate adjusted odds ratio of elderly FMD onset related to clinical characteristics.ResultsAmong the 410 patients, 34 (8.2%) experienced elderly‐onset FMD, with a mean age at onset of 70.9 years. The most common phenotype was tremor (47.1%), followed by gait disorders, weakness, and dystonia (29.4%, 23.5%, 14.7%, respectively). Eleven elderly patients had a combined phenomenology: 9 exhibited two phenotypes, 2 had three phenotypes. Weakness was isolated in 3/8 patients and combined with another phenotype in 5/8, manifesting as paraplegia (n = 4); upper limb diplegia (n = 2), hemiparesis/hemiplegia (n = 1), and tetraparesis/tetraplegia (n= 1). Non‐motor and other functional neurological disorders occurred more frequently in the younger group (89.1%) than the elderly (73.5%). Neurological and non‐neurological comorbidities were more prevalent in the elderly group (82.4%) as opposed to the younger (32.7%). In a multivariate regression analysis, elderly‐onset FMD was significantly associated with neurological comorbidities, including parkinsonism (OR 6.73) and cerebrovascular diseases (OR 5.48).ConclusionsThese results highlight the importance of achieving an accurate diagnosis of FMD in the elderly, as it is crucial for effectively managing FMD symptoms and addressing neurological comorbidities.
Unraveling the Twist: Spatial Navigational Challenges in Cervical Dystonia
Authors: Agharazi Hanieh , Wang Alexander , Guha Aratrik , Gupta Palak , Shaikh Aasef G. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundCervical dystonia (CD) is an intricate neurological condition with motor and nonmotor symptoms. These include disruptions in visual perception, self‐orientation, visual working memory, and vestibular functions. However, the specific impact of CD on perceiving self‐motion direction, especially with isolated visual or vestibular stimuli, remains largely unexplored.ObjectiveThis study aimed to examine the effects of CD on linear motion perception, hypothesizing impaired heading discrimination in both vestibular and visual tasks, and that such deficits correlate with the disease severity.MethodsWe employed a cutting‐edge motion platform to precisely control whole‐body linear motion. Through repeated two‐alternative forced‐choice tasks, we assessed vestibular heading direction discrimination. Participants observed dynamic star clouds in immersive virtual reality and indicated their perceived self‐motion direction, evaluating visual heading direction discrimination. Sensitivity to direction variations and response accuracy errors were analyzed using robust Gaussian cumulative distribution psychometric functions.ResultsHeading perception is impaired in individuals with CD, particularly evident in vestibular heading discrimination. CD severity correlated with elevated thresholds for both vestibular and visual heading discrimination. Surprisingly, lateralized CD did not introduce bias in either system, suggesting widespread disruption over localized effects.ConclusionsContrary to previous beliefs, our findings challenge the idea that CD‐related heading discrimination issues mainly arise from peripheral vestibular effects. Instead, abnormal proprioceptive input from dystonic neck muscles introduces noise into the central mechanism integrating visual, vestibular, and proprioceptive signals. These insights into spatial navigation deficits have implications for future CD research. © 2023 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society. This article has been contributed to by U.S. Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA.
Effects of broodfish sex ratio, broodfish stocking density, and postspawn broodfish holding-pond density on reproductive efficiency in pond-spawned Channel Catfish
Authors: Bosworth Brian G. , Waldbieser Geoffrey C. , Engle Carole , Kumar Ganesh 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Objective
Three trials were conducted to determine the effects of broodfish management on reproductive efficiency of pond-spawned Channel Catfish Ictalurus punctatus.

Methods
Trial 1 compared male to female broodfish sex ratios of 1:1 versus 1:4, trial 2 compared low (1065 kg/ha) versus high (2050 kg/ha) broodfish stocking densities, and trial 3 compared low (1525 kg/ha) and high (5780 kg/ha) postspawn broodfish holding-pond densities on measures of reproductive efficiency.

Result
Males had lower survival than females in all trials. Age, weight, and survival of broodfish were similar for each treatment within trials. A higher percentage of females spawned at the 1:1 male to female ratio than at the 1:4 ratio (40.8% versus 12.5%), resulting in more eggs per hectare, eggs per kilogram of broodfish, fry per hectare, and fry per kilogram of broodfish for the 1:1 ratio compared to the 1:4 ratio. Male spawning success (~31%) was similar for 1:1 and 1:4 sex ratios. Spawning fish weighed more than nonspawning fish for both sexes, and surviving males weighed less than nonsurviving males in trial 1. In trial 2, the percentage of egg masses collected per female stocked was higher for the high broodfish density than the low density (34.0% versus 16.4%), resulting in more eggs per hectare and fry per hectare for the high stocking density resulting in whole-farm economic benefits ranging from US$323/ha to $828/ha primarily from the reduction in the area required for broodstock.

Conclusion
Results indicate that the 1:1 male to female broodfish ratio (trial 1) and high broodfish stocking density (trial 2) resulted in better reproduction than the 1:4 sex ratio and low broodfish stocking density. The effects of low versus high broodfish holding-pond densities did not affect reproductive output.