bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modelling anisotropic maturation strains in wood in relation to fibre boundary conditions, microstructure and maturation kinetics
Authors: Alméras Tancrède , Gril Joseph , Yamamoto Hiroyuki 
Published: April 2005

Abstract
A generalisation of existing mechanical models is proposed to account for the relation between wood macroscopic properties and fibre microstructure and chemical composition. It is applied to understanding of the origin of anisotropic maturation strains measured at the outermost surface of the xylem. Various assumptions are considered for boundary conditions of the fibre during the progressive maturation process and are applied to experimental data from the literature. Assumptions that the fibre is fully restrained in displacement, or fully unrestrained or unrestrained in the transverse direction only are all incompatible with observations. Indeed, within the tree, the fibre is restrained in the longitudinal and tangential directions, but unrestrained in the radial direction towards the bark. Mixed boundary conditions must be introduced to correctly simulate both longitudinal and tangential maturation strains. In the context of an analytical axisymmetric model, this is estimated by considering a parameter of partial release of tangential stress during maturation. Consistence with data and with finite element computation in the case of a square fibre confirmed that, because of the unrestrained radial condition, a large part of the tangential maturation stress is released in situ.
Resistance of thermo-hygro-mechanically densified wood to colonisation and degradation by brown-rot fungi
Authors: Schwarze Francis W.M.R. , Spycher Melanie 
Published: April 2005

Abstract
Colonisation and wood degradation by three brown-rot fungi, Coniophora puteana, Gloeophyllum trabeum and Poria placenta, were studied in wood of Norway spruce (Picea abies) subjected to three different treatments: hygro-thermal (TH) (160 and 180°C), mechanical densification and thermo-hygro-mechanical (THM) treatment including densification and post-treatment under saturated steam conditions at different temperatures (140, 160 and 180°C). The weight loss induced by all three fungi was lowest in THM-densified wood post-treated at 180°C. Highest weight losses were recorded for controls and TH-treated wood. Fungal colonisation varied in its intensity, depending on the treatment applied to the wood. Hyphal growth in controls and TH-treated wood was abundant, whereas in densified and THM-densified wood it was sparse and confined predominantly to the cell lumina of earlywood tracheids. Also, penetration of large-diameter hyphae and associated degradation in THM-densified wood was impeded by occlusion of the lumina, associated with irreversible compression (loss in shape memory). In contrast to C. puteana and P. placenta, which showed typical brown-rot behaviour, G. trabeum frequently showed hyphal tunnelling within the secondary walls of tracheids and xylem ray parenchyma of controls and thermally treated wood. Such growth was never observed in THM-densified wood post-treated at 180°C.
Mitochondrial Calcium Ion and Membrane Potential Transients Follow the Pattern of Epileptiform Discharges in Hippocampal Slice Cultures
Authors: Kovács Richard , Kardos Julianna , Heinemann Uwe , Kann Oliver 
Published: April 2005

Emerging evidence suggests that mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to the pathophysiology of epilepsy. Recurrent mitochondrial Ca2+ion load during seizures might act on mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) and proton motive force. By using electrophysiology and confocal laser-scanning microscopy, we investigated the effects of epileptiform activity, as induced by low-Mg2+ion perfusion in hippocampal slice cultures, on changes in ΔΨm and in mitochondrial Ca2+ion concentration ([Ca2+]m).The mitochondrial compartment was identified by monitoring ΔΨm in the soma and dendrites of patched CA3 pyramidal cells using the mitochondria-specific voltage-sensitive dye rhodamine-123 (Rh-123). Interictal activity was accompanied by localized mitochondrial depolarization that was restricted to a few mitochondria in small dendrites. In contrast, robust Rh-123 release into the cytosol was observed during seizure-like events (SLEs), indicating simultaneous depolarization of mitochondria. This was critically dependent on Ca2+ion uptake and extrusion, because inhibition of the mitochondrial Ca2+ion uniporter by Ru360 and the mitochondrial Na+/Ca2+ion exchanger by 7-chloro-5-(2-chlorophenyl)-1,5-dihydro-4,1-benzothiazepin-2(3H)-one but not the inhibitor of mitochondrial permeability transition pore, cyclosporin A, decreased the SLE-associated mitochondrial depolarization.The Ca2+ion dependence of simultaneous mitochondrial depolarization suggested enhanced Ca2+ion cycling across mitochondrial membranes during epileptiform activity. Indeed, [Ca2+]mfluctuated during interictal activity in single dendrites, and these fluctuations spread over the entire mitochondrial compartment during SLEs, as revealed using mitochondria-specific dyes (rhod-2 and rhod-ff) and spatial frequency-based image analysis. These findings strengthen the hypothesis that epileptic activity results in Ca2+ion-dependent changes in mitochondrial function that might contribute to the neuronal injury during epilepsy.
Imagined geographies: Sovereignty, indigenous space, and American Indian struggle
Authors: Biolsi Thomas 
Published: April 2005

ABSTRACTIn this article, I seek to complicate scholars' understanding of the “modular” form of the nation‐state by examining four kinds of indigenous political space that figure in contemporary American Indian struggle in the United States: (1) “tribal” or indigenous‐nation sovereignty on reservation homelands; (2) comanagement of off‐reservation resources and sites shared between tribal, federal, and state governments; (3) national indigenous space in which Indian people exercise portable rights beyond reservations; and (4) hybrid political space in which Indian people exercise dual citizenship and assert rights as tribal citizens under treaty and other federal Indian law, as U.S. citizens under the Constitution, and as social or cultural citizens within a multicultural U.S. society.
Gender, power, and the performance of justice: Muslim women's responses to domestic violence in Kazakhstan
Authors: Snajdr Edward 
Published: April 2005

ABSTRACTThe grassroots assistance that Muslim women activists provide to victims of domestic abuse in Kazakhstan differs significantly from approaches commonly used by service providers in the United States. Yet the activists' informal remedies, which are shaped by discourses of religion and ethnicity and which have attracted women who seek something other than safety or formal justice, are implicitly regulated by cultural politics. By examining particular cases, I show how activists prescribe gender ideologies that guide victims' choices while supporting their own group's broader political goals. These findings may help in understanding the dynamics of women's political agency outside the state.
Clinical Application of Stereolithographic Surgical Guides for Implant Placement: Preliminary Results
Authors: Giacomo Giovanni A.P. Di , Cury Patricia R. , de Araujo Ney Soares , Sendyk Wilson R. , Sendyk Claudio L. 
Published: April 2005

Background: The success of implant‐supported restorations requires detailed treatment planning, which includes the construction of a surgical guide. Recently, computer‐aided rapid prototyping has been developed to construct surgical guides in an attempt to improve the precision of implant placement. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the match between the positions and axes of the planned and placed implants when a stereolithographic surgical guide is employed.Methods: Six surgical guides used in four patients (three women, one man; age from 23 to 65 years old) were included in the study and 21 implants were placed. A radiographic template was fabricated and computer‐assisted tomography (CT) was performed. The virtual implants were placed in the resulting 3‐dimensional image. Using a stereolithographic machine, liquid polymer was injected and laser‐cured according to the CT image data with the planned implants, generating three surgical guides, with increasing tube diameters corresponding to each twist drill diameter (2.2, 3.2, and 4.0 mm), for each surgical area. During the implant operation, the surgical guide was placed on the jawbone and/or the teeth. After surgery, a new CT scan was taken. Software was used to fuse the images of planned and placed implants, and the locations and axes were compared.Results: On average, the match between the planned and the placed implant axes was within 7.25° ± 2.67°; the differences in distance between the planned and placed positions at the implant shoulder were 1.45 ± 1.42 mm, and 2.99 ± 1.77 mm at the implant apex. In all patients, a greater distance was found between the planned and placed positions at the implant apex than at the implant head.Conclusions: Clinical data suggest that computer‐aided rapid prototyping of surgical guides may be useful in implant placement. However, the technique requires improvement to provide better stability of the guide during the surgery, in cases of unilateral bone‐supported and non‐tooth‐supported guides. Further clinical studies, using greater number of patients, are necessary to evaluate the real impact of the stereolithographic surgical guide on implant therapy. J Periodontol 2005;76:503‐507.
The Effectiveness of 1% Pimecrolimus Cream in the Treatment of Oral Erosive Lichen Planus
Authors: Swift Julie C. , Rees Terry D. , Plemons Jacqueline M. , Hallmon William W. , Wright John C. 
Published: April 2005

Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy, relative safety, and tolerability of 1% pimecrolimus cream in the treatment of oral erosive lichen planus (OELP).Methods: Twenty patients with OELP were randomized into equal groups; group 1 applied 1% pimecrolimus cream twice daily to their oral lesions for 4 weeks, whereas group 2 applied a placebo cream. Photographs of the lesions were taken and analyzed for areas of ulceration, erythema, and reticulation. Discomfort scores were also assessed with a visual analogue scale (VAS). Blood samples were taken at baseline and at study completion; a complete blood count with differential and comprehensive metabolic panel was ordered. The Wilcoxon signed rank test was used.Results: The experimental group showed a decrease in ulceration (α = 0.068) and erythema (α = 0.005) at the mid‐point with continued reduction of erythema at the final (α = 0.075) time measurement. The control group demonstrated an increase in reticulation at the mid‐point (α = 0.017) and final (α = 0.007) time measurement. The VAS scores for the experimental group decreased during the study (α = 0.022). Blood levels were within the normal range.Conclusions: The OELP lesion size in the 1% pimecrolimus group decreased and the pimecrolimus cream was found to significantly reduce the patient's pain scores. Further study of 1% pimecrolimus as therapy for OELP is warranted since it was shown to be effective, relatively safe, and well tolerated by patients within the limits of this short‐term study. J Periodontol 2005;76:627‐635.
Orthodontic Treatment in a Patient With Papillon‐Lefèvre Syndrome
Authors: Lux Christopher J. , Kugel Birgit , Komposch Gerda , Pohl Sabine , Eickholz Peter 
Published: April 2005

Background: Report of a combined periodontal and orthodontic treatment in a patient with Papillon‐Lefèvre Syndrome (PLS).Methods: A patient with PLS was treated orthodontically 26 months after the start of a combined mechanical and antibiotic therapy. Clinical periodontal parameters were obtained 26 (t1), 60 (t2), and 79 (t3) months after anti‐infective therapy. The deepest site of each tooth was sampled for microbiological analysis at 26 and 60 months. Periodontal maintenance therapy was provided every 6 weeks. After a stable periodontal situation was achieved, orthodontic treatment, consisting of space opening for the upper canines with a multibracket appliance and coil springs, was carried out. In the lower jaw, crowding was resolved by an orthodontic mesialization of the canines.Results: Twenty‐six months (t1) after the beginning of the combined mechanical and antibiotic therapy, 6% of the sites exhibited 4 mm probing depth (PD) with bleeding on probing (BOP) or PD ≥5 mm. Sixty months (t2) after therapy the number of sites with 4 mm PD with BOP or PD ≥5 mm had increased to 17%, and 79 months after therapy (t3) 13% of all sites were similarly affected. From 26 to 60 months, a slight mean clinical attachment level (CAL) gain was observed, whereas the mean PD increased. From 60 to 79 months, there was a mean PD reduction. However, a significant mean attachment loss was also noted. After 26 months (t1), RNA probes failed to detect A. actinomycetemcomitans, P. gingivalis, or T. forsythensis from any site. Thirty‐four months later (t2), subgingival recolonization was observed. A. actinomycetemcomitans was detected by RNA probes at three sites. At 26 and 60 months (t1, t2), trypticase‐soy with serum, bacitracin, and vancomycin (TSBV) culture failed to detect A. actinomycetemcomitans at any of the sampled sites. Eighty‐two months after the beginning of therapy (t4), none of the applied methods could detect A. actinomycetemcomitans from the pooled samples from the deepest pockets of each quadrant or the oral mucosa. In the present case, concomitant orthodontic treatment with a fixed appliance could be performed without further pronounced periodontal deterioration. Space for eruption of the canines and premolars was created, in addition to an alignment of the teeth.Conclusion: After a successful combined mechanical and antibiotic periodontal therapy of the PLS periodontitis, moderate orthodontic tooth movements may be possible within a complex interdisciplinary treatment regimen. J Periodontol 2005;76:642‐650.
Polyamide solid state polymerization: Evaluation of pertinent kinetic models
Authors: Vouyiouka S. N. , Papaspyrides C. D. , Weber J. , Marks D. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractNylon 6,6 resins, in the form of pellets, were solid state polymerized in the temperature range of 160–200°C in a fixed‐bed reactor under flowing nitrogen for times of 0–4 h. The kinetics of the solid state polymerization (SSP) of nylon 6,6 were examined by the evaluation of pertinent rate expressions and the selection of the most suitable one for describing the apparent overall process. The Flory‐theory‐based kinetic models were the most effective both for this study's data and for data previously published on SSP of different polyamides. Accordingly, SSP rate constants and activation energies were derived, and process parameters, such as the temperature and time, were investigated. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 97: 671–681, 2005
Joint Effect of Selection, Linkage and Partial Inbreeding on Additive Genetic Variance in an Infinite Population
Authors: Nomura Tetsuro 
Published: April 2005

AbstractUnder the inifinitesimal model of gene effects, selection reduces the additive genetic variance by inducing negative linkage disequilibrium among selected genes. If the selected genes are linked, the decay of linkage disequilibrium is delayed, and the reduction of additive genetic variance is enhanced. Inbreeding in an infinite population also alters the additive genetic variance through the generation of positive association among genes within a locus. In the present study, the joint effect of selection, linkage and partial inbreeding (partial selfing or partial full‐sib mating) on the additive genetic variance was modeled. The recurrence relations of the additive genetic variance between successive generations and the prediction equation of the asymptotic additive genetic variance were derived. Numerical computation showed that although partially inbred populations initially maintain larger genetic variances, the accumulated effect of selection overrides the effect of inbreeding. Stochastic simulation was carried out to check the precision of prediction, showing that the obtained equations give a satisfactory prediction during initial generations. However, the predicted values always overestimate the simulated values, especially in later generations. Based on these results, possible extensions and perspectives of the assumed model were discussed. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Cognitive functions correlate with white matter architecture in a normal pediatric population: A diffusion tensor MRI study
Authors: Schmithorst Vincent J. , Wilke Marko , Dardzinski Bernard J. , Holland Scott K. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractA possible relationship between cognitive abilities and white matter structure as assessed by magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) was investigated in the pediatric population. DTI was performed on 47 normal children ages 5–18. Using a voxelwise analysis technique, the fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) were tested for significant correlations with Wechsler full‐scale IQ scores, with subject age and gender used as covariates. Regions displaying significant positive correlations of IQ scores with FA were found bilaterally in white matter association areas, including frontal and occipito‐parietal areas. No regions were found exhibiting correlations of IQ with MD except for one frontal area significantly overlapping a region containing a significant correlation with FA. The positive direction of the correlation with FA is the same as that found previously with age, and indicates a positive relationship between fiber organization and/or density with cognitive function. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that regionally specific increased fiber organization is a mechanism responsible for the normal development of white matter tracts. Hum Brain Mapp, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
High‐resolution H/D exchange studies on the HET‐s218–295 prion protein
Authors: Nazabal Alexis , Bonneu Marc , Saupe Sven. J. , Schmitter Jean‐Marie 
Published: April 2005

AbstractIn a search for improved resolution of hydrogen/deuterium (H/D) exchange experiments analyzed by mass spectrometry (HXMS), we evaluated two methodologies for a detailed structural study of solvent accessibility in the case of the HET‐s218–295 prion protein. For the first approach, after incubation in the deuterated solvent, aggregated HET‐s218–295 was digested with pepsin and the generated peptides were analyzed by nanospray mass spectrometry in an ion trap, with and without collision‐induced dissociation (CID). We compared deuterium incorporation in peptides as determined on peptide pseudomolecular ions and on b and y fragments produced by longer peptides under CID conditions. For both b and y fragment ions, an extensive H/D scrambling phenomenon was observed, in contrast with previous studies comparing CID‐MS experiments and 1H NMR data. Thus, the spatial resolution of HXMS experiments could not be improved by means of MS/MS data generated by an ion trap mass spectrometer. In a second approach, the incorporation of deuterium was analyzed by MS for 76 peptides of the HET‐s218–289 peptide mass fingerprint, and the use of shared boundaries among peptic peptides allowed us to determine deuteration levels of small regions ranging from one to four amino acids. This methodology led to evidence of highly protected regions along the HET‐s218–295 sequence. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Separation and determination of flavonoids in Agrimonia pilosa Ledeb. by capillary electrophoresis with electrochemical detection
Authors: Xu Xueqin , Qi Xiuzhen , Wang Wei , Chen Guonan 
Published: April 2005

AbstractFive flavonoids (catechin, hyperoside, quercitrin, quercetin, and rutin) were separated and determined by capillary electrophoresis with electrochemical detection. Effects of several important factors, such as the pH and concentration of running buffer, separation voltage, injection time, and detection potential were investigated to determine the optimum conditions. The five flavonoids were baseline separated within 20 min in a 60 cm length capillary at a separation voltage of 19.5 kV with a running buffer consisting of 60 mmoL/L Na2B4O7–120 mmoL/L NaH2PO4 (pH = 8.8). The relationship between peak current and analyte concentration was linear over about two orders of magnitude with detection limits (S/N = 3) ranging from 0.02 to 0.05 μg/mL for all compounds. This method was successfully used to determine the above five flavonoids in Agrimonia pilosa Ledeb. with relatively simple extraction procedures, and the assay results were satisfactory.
Comparative study between the polysaccharide‐based Chiralcel OJ and Chiralcel OD CSPs in chromatographic enantioseparation of imidazole analogues of Fluoxetine and Miconazole
Authors: Cirilli Roberto , Ferretti Rosella , Gallinella Bruno , La Torre Francesco , La Regina Giuseppe , Silvestri Romano 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThe enantiomeric separation of a series of imidazole analogues of Fluoxetine and Miconazole endowed with potent antifungal activity was performed using cellulose tris(4‐methylbenzoate) (Chiralcel OJ) and cellulose tris(3,5‐dimethylphenylcarbamate) (Chiralcel OD) as chiral stationary phases. Binary mixtures of n‐hexane and alcohol as well as pure alcohols (ethanol or 2‐propanol) were used as eluents. The enantiomer elution order was monitored by chiroptical detectors based on on‐line optical rotation and circular dichroism measurements. For some of the compounds studied very high enantioseparation factor values (α > 7) on Chiralcel OJ CSP were observed. In order to study the chiroptical characteristics of the two most biologically active compounds, chromatographic resolutions were carried out on a semipreparative scale. Assignment of the absolute configuration was empirically established by comparing the CD spectra of the separated enantiomers with those obtained from the enantiomers of Miconazole.
Validation of a pediatric caregiver diary to measure symptoms of postacute respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis
Authors: Santanello Nancy C. , Norquist Josephine M. , Nelsen Linda M. , Williams Valerie S.L. , Hill Cheryl D. , Bisgaard Hans 
Published: April 2005

AbstractAcute respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)‐induced bronchiolitis is often associated with continuing respiratory symptoms following hospitalization. To date, there is no validated objective measure to evaluate symptoms of RSV‐induced bronchiolitis. We report on the reliability, validity, and responsiveness of the bronchiolitis caregiver diary (BCD) of symptoms and healthcare utilization associated with postacute RSV. The BCD measures four symptoms (daytime cough, wheeze, trouble breathing, and nighttime cough), healthcare utilization, and rescue medication for worsening of lung symptoms. Data from the 4‐week treatment period of the reported prospective, placebo‐controlled trial of montelukast for treatment of postacute RSV were used to assess reliability (internal consistency and test‐retest), construct validity (cross‐sectional and longitudinal correlations), discriminant validity (known‐groups analyses), and responsiveness. The primary outcome of this study was the percentage of symptom‐free days (SFD). The secondary outcome was a composite symptom score (CSS; average of daytime cough, wheezing, and trouble breathing). Cronbach's alpha of 0.85 indicated that the four symptoms were internally consistent, supporting a unidimensional scale structure. Test‐retest reliabilities for the percentage of SFD and CSS were above the recommended cut point of 0.70. Cross‐sectional and longitudinal correlations were sizeable and statistically significant, demonstrating construct validity. Hypothesized known‐group differences were statistically significant in the appropriate direction. Responsiveness analyses indicated moderate effect sizes for percentage of SFD. In conclusion, the BCD provides a valid, reliable, and responsive tool for the assessment of symptoms of postacute RSV‐induced bronchiolitis, capable of measuring moderate effect sizes, and demonstrating responsiveness to therapy. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.