bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bacterial Vaginosis Is Associated With Transcriptomic Changes but Not Higher Concentrations of Cervical Leukocytes in a Study of Women at High Risk for Human Immunodeficiency Virus Acquisition
Authors: Sabo Michelle C , Mustafa Salwa , Saha Aparajita , Oyaro Brenda , Fiedler Tina L , Krueger Melissa , Fuchs Esther , Mureithi Marianne , Mandaliya Kishor , Jaoko Walter , Richardson Barbra A , Gharib Sina A , Fredricks David N , Shah Javeed A , McClelland R Scott 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
The association between bacterial vaginosis (BV) and increased human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) acquisition risk may be related to concentrations of HIV-susceptible immune cells in the cervix.

Methods
Participants (31 with BV and 30 with normal microbiota) underwent cervical biopsy at a single visit. Immune cells were quantified and sorted using flow cytometry (n = 55), localization assessed by immunofluorescence (n = 16), and function determined by bulk RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) of live CD45+ cells (n = 21).

Results
Linear regression analyses demonstrated no differences in mean log2 (cells/mg tissue) between women with BV versus normal microbiota for antigen-presenting cell (APC) subtypes linked to HIV risk (including CD1a+HLA-DR+ Langerhans cells, CD11c+CD14+ dendritic cells [DCs], and CD11c+HLA-DR+ DCs) and CD4+ T cells. Women with BV had a higher median proportion of CD11c+HLA-DR+ APCs (out of total cells) in cervical epithelium (0.1% vs 0.0%; P = .03 using Mann-Whitney test). RNA-seq identified 1032 differentially expressed genes (adjusted P &lt; .05) in CD45+ cells between women with BV versus normal microbiota. Women with BV demonstrated downregulation of pathways linked to translation, metabolism, cell stress, and immune signaling.

Conclusions
BV alters immune cell localization and function; future studies are needed to address how these changes may mediate HIV acquisition risk.
Risk characterization of organic micropollutants in public wastewater treatment plant effluents in Flanders, Belgium
Authors: Leekitratanapisan Warich , De Schamphelaere Karel A C 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This study investigates the ecological risks posed by organic micropollutants (OMPs) in wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluents in Flanders, Belgium, based on single-compound risk characterization. Utilizing a 5-year monitoring dataset from the Flemish Environment Agency (VMM) and seven ecological threshold values types, this research characterizes the risk of 207 OMPs, including pharmaceuticals, pesticides, industrial chemicals, and other pollutants. Several OMPs persist in effluents at concentrations that pose significant ecological risks after secondary and tertiary treatment processes in the region of Flanders (Belgium). This study identified 32 OMPs with regional risk quotients (RQregion) exceeding 1, with 24 of these showing RQregion values over 10, marking them as high-priority pollutants. Notable high-risk substances include chlorpyrifos, benzo(b)fluorene, and several herbicides. The findings highlight the necessity for investment in advanced treatment processes to enable compliance with the updated Urban Wastewater Treatment Directive (UWWTD), which mandates an 80% reduction in a fixed set of micropollutant indicators in relation to their load in WWTP influent by 2045. Based on our prioritization of high-risk OMPs, the fixed set of indicators mandated by the UWWTD does not fully represent the range of harmful contaminants in WWTP effluents, indicating a need for a broader monitoring framework and a more inclusive indicator set. These results underscore the necessity for an expanded approach to monitoring and regulating OMPs to ensure comprehensive protection of aquatic environments.
Comparative assessment of exposure tools to estimate pesticide concentrations in rice paddies: a discussion of the Brazilian context
Authors: Casallanovo Fábio , Souza Santos Gustavo , Cione Ana Paola , de Cirugeda Helle Olivier , Li Zhaoqiang , Simone Daniela Mejias 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Estimating pesticide concentrations in paddy rice systems is challenging due to unique cultivation methods and water management practices. Various models, ranging from simple exposure calculators to complex scenario-dependent tools, have been developed globally to address this issue (Pesticide Paddy Field [PADDY], the European Union Mediterranean working group modelling tool [MED-Rice], Rice Water Quality [RICEWQ], and Pesticides in Flooded Applications [PFAM]). In Brazil, pesticides are used in paddy rice production, and there is a potential risk of these compounds reaching waterbodies. Legislative changes in 2023 made environmental risk assessment (ERA) mandatory for pesticide registration in Brazil. However, Brazil has not officially adopted a specific modeling tool for paddy rice systems. This critical review (a) evaluates the strengths and limitations of pesticide exposure models for paddy rice most commonly used in Europe, North America, Asia, and Latin America; (b) reviews the tools used in a regulatory context outside Brazil; (c) discusses exposure tools used in lower tiers and then proceeds to a discussion of more sophisticated tools used in higher tiers; (d) provides an overview of the paddy rice production system in Brazil; (e) performs a comparative analysis of the features of each exposure tool against the characteristics of the Brazilian paddy rice production system, and finally, (f) discusses which exposure tools may be most appropriate for integration into a prospective regulatory ERA framework in Brazil. The goal of this review is to contribute to the ongoing regulatory changes and discussions by identifying appropriate models that can effectively assess the environmental risks associated with pesticide use in Brazilian paddy rice cultivation.
An Introduction to the Complete Blood Count for Clinical Chemists: White Blood Cells
Authors: Osa-Andrews Bremansu , van Wijk Xander M R , Herrera Rivera Normarie , Seifert Robert P , Harris Neil S , Marin Maximo J 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
The most frequently ordered laboratory test worldwide is the complete blood count (CBC). As clinical chemists are increasingly assigned to assist or direct laboratories outside of the traditional clinical chemistry sections, such as the automated hematology section, expertise must be established. This review article is a dedication to that ongoing effort.

Content
In this primer, the white blood cell (WBC) test components of the CBC are introduced, followed by a discussion of the laboratory evaluation of leukopenia and leukocytosis.

Summary
The laboratorian's approach to consult cases should be guided by the patient's clinical history and presentation while being able to provide key laboratory-based insights to assist in resolving result discrepancies that may otherwise go unnoticed.
Deaf legal theory: challenging the law’s hearing bias
Authors: Wilks Rob 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Bryan and Emery introduced a new concept in legal jurisprudence through which a critical examination of how the law deals with deaf people can be undertaken: deaf legal theory (DLT). They define it as “how the law seeks to frame Deaf people” and argue that legal systems should be reoriented to recognise and accommodate the unique perspectives and experiences of deaf people. Current legal systems are biased in favour of hearing people and these bias disadvantage deaf people in a variety of ways, including in their access to justice, employment, and education. The aim of this article is to advance Bryan and Emery’s DLT by expounding its main arguments, situating it within its jurisprudential home of critical legal studies, considering the justification for its existence and providing a framework to apply it. The concept was introduced not within legal discourse but within Deaf Studies discourse and is therefore not yet widely known in legal scholarship. This article aims to bridge the gap between the two disciplines and firmly establish DLT as a legal theory in jurisprudence following which it can be applied to various legal subjects of intellectual enquiry.
Potential of dip treatments to disinfest cuttings of the invasive Thrips parvispinus (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)
Authors: Ataide Livia M S , Velazquez-Hernandez Yisell , Reyes-Arauz Isamar , Villamarin Paola , Canon Maria A , Revynthi Alexandra M 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Thrips parvispinus (Karny) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), an invasive thrips species, poses a significant threat to global agriculture due to its polyphagous nature and rapid spread. Its recent arrival in the continental United States raises concerns about potential impacts on ornamental and vegetable crops. Dip treatments might serve as a phytosanitary practice for growers to start with plants free of visible pests. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of dip treatments using 4 biorational and microbial insecticides (mineral oil and Beauveria bassiana-based) in controlling T. parvispinus on bean seedlings. Following gentle agitation of cuttings, artificially infested with 10 second-instar (L2) larvae, for 15 s in each solution, thrips infestation was evaluated at 1, and 24 h postdipping, scoring the numbers of dislodged and dead larvae. Additionally, we tested whether dipping could cause phytotoxicity on bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), gardenia (Gardenia jasminoides Ellis), and mandevilla (Mandevilla splendens (Hook.f.) Woodson) cuttings during a 7-day period. Our results demonstrated that dip treatments effectively dislodged and killed T. parvispinus L2 larvae from infested cuttings, with BotaniGard-ES and Suffoil-X exhibiting the highest efficacy and a dislodgment rate of 80%–100%. BotaniGard-ES was the only product causing phytotoxicity on bean seedlings, but not on mandevilla and gardenia. Overall, we demonstrated that dip treatment using biorational insecticides is an additional tool that can be incorporated in the integrated pest management of T. parvispinus. These results hold implications for the broader application in the management of thrips across various plants propagated from cuttings.
Numerical viscosity and resistivity in MHD turbulence simulations
Authors: Shivakumar Lakshmi Malvadi , Federrath Christoph 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT
For magnetohydrodynamical (MHD) turbulence simulations to accurately capture the underlying physics, we must understand numerical dissipation. Here, we quantify numerical viscosity and resistivity in the subsonic and supersonic turbulence regimes, with Mach numbers $\mathcal {M}= 0.1$ and 10, respectively. We find that the hydrodynamic (${\mathrm{Re}}$) and magnetic Reynolds numbers (${\mathrm{Rm}}$) on the turbulence driving scale $\ell _{\mathrm{turb}}$ in a cubic domain of side length L with a total of $N^3$ resolution elements are well described by ${\mathrm{Re}}=[2(N/N_{\mathrm{Re}})(\ell _{\mathrm{turb}}/L)]^{p_{\mathrm{Re}}}$ and ${\mathrm{Rm}}=[2(N/N_{\mathrm{Rm}})(\ell _{\mathrm{turb}}/L)]^{p_{\mathrm{Rm}}}$. We provide two sets of fit values of $(N_{\mathrm{Re}}, p_{\mathrm{Re}}, N_{\mathrm{Rm}}, p_{\mathrm{Rm}})$: one with $p_{\mathrm{Re}}$ and $p_{\mathrm{Rm}}$ fixed at their theoretical values, and the other one allowing all four parameters to vary. The sets for $\mathcal {M}=0.1$ are $(1.57_{-0.12}^{+0.10},4/3,1.55_{-0.14}^{+0.45},4/3)$ and $(0.83_{-0.08}^{+0.09},1.20_{-0.02}^{+0.02},4.19_{-4.05}^{+2.95},1.60_{-0.33}^{+0.18})$, respectively. For $\mathcal {M}=10$, they are $(3.55_{-0.56}^{+0.78},3/2,1.03_{-0.11}^{+0.12},3/2)$ and $(10.46_{-0.85}^{+0.96},1.90_{-0.04}^{+0.04},0.44_{-0.23}^{+0.61},1.32_{-0.09}^{+0.17})$. The resulting magnetic Prandtl numbers (${\mathrm{Pm}}={\mathrm{Rm}}/{\mathrm{Re}}$) are consistent with constant values of $1.0_{-0.2}^{+0.3}$ for $\mathcal {M}= 0.1$, and $6.2_{-4.8}^{+5.6}$ for $\mathcal {M}= 10$. These results apply when the magnetic energy ($E_{\mathrm{mag}}$) is $\lesssim 10{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ of the turbulent kinetic energy ($E_{\mathrm{kin}}$). When $E_{\mathrm{mag}}/E_{\mathrm{kin}}\sim 0.1-1$, ${\mathrm{Rm}}$ is reduced by a factor $\sim 3$ (implying an increase in $N_{\mathrm{Rm}}$ by a factor $\sim 2$) for $\mathcal {M}=0.1$, while ${\mathrm{Rm}}$ for $\mathcal {M}=10$ and ${\mathrm{Re}}$ (for any $\mathcal {M}$) remain largely unaffected. We compare our ${\mathrm{Re}}- N$ relation with 14 other simulations from the literature, which use a large range of different numerical methods (with and without Riemann solvers, different reconstruction schemes and orders, and smoothed particle hydrodynamics), and find that they all agree with the ${\mathrm{Re}}- N$ relations above to within a factor of three. We further compare these results to target ${\mathrm{Re}}$ and ${\mathrm{Rm}}$ values in simulations using explicit dissipation from the literature. These literature comparisons and our relations allow users to assess what value of ${\mathrm{Re}}$ and ${\mathrm{Rm}}$ can be reached at a given N, ensuring that physical dissipation dominates over numerical dissipation.
Viscous circumbinary protoplanetary discs – II. Disc effects on the binary orbit
Authors: Penzlin Anna B T , Booth Richard A , Nelson Richard P , Schäfer Christoph M , Kley Wilhelm 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT
More than half of all stars are part of binaries, and many form in a common circumbinary disc. The interaction with the binary shapes the disc to feature a large eccentric inner cavity and spirals in the inner disc. The shape of the cavities is linked to binary and disc properties such as viscosity and scale height, and the disc and cavity shape influence the orbital evolution of the binary stars. This is the second part of the study in which we use 2D hydrodynamic long-term simulations for a range of viscous parameters relevant to protoplanetary discs to understand the interaction between young stars and the circumbinary disc. The long-term simulations allow us to study how disc shape and exchange of mass, momentum, and energy between binary and disc depend on the precession angle between disc and binary orbit on time-scales of thousands of binary orbits. We find a considerable, periodic interaction between the precession of the disc and the binary eccentricity that can significantly exceed the precession-averaged change in eccentricity. We further confirm that thin discs ($H/R\lt 0.05$) lead to shrinking binary orbits, also in the regime of low viscosity, $\alpha =10^{-3}$. In general, the disc can excite eccentricity in binaries with initial eccentricities in the range of $e_\mathrm{bin}=0.05\!\!-\!\!0.4$. In most cases, the terms aiding shrinking or expansion and circularization or excitation are nearly balanced, and the evolution of the binary semimajor axis and eccentricity will be sensitive to the ratio of mass accretion between the secondary and primary components.
Therapy enhancing chromosome instability may be advantageous for IDH1R132H/WT gliomas
Authors: Goncharov Nikolay V , Baklanov Ivan N , Gulaia Valeriia S , Shuliak Anastasiia P , Lanskikh Daria V , Zhmenia Valeriia M , Shmelev Mikhail E , Shved Nikita A , Wu Jing , Liskovykh Mikhail , Larionov Vladimir , Kouprina Natalay , Kumeiko Vadim V 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Recently revised brain tumor classification suggested a glioma treatment strategy that takes into consideration molecular variants in IDH1 and TP53 marker genes. While pathogenic variants of IDH1 and TP53 can be accompanied by chromosomal instability (CIN), the impact of IDH1 and TP53 mutations on genome stability remains unstudied. Elevated CIN might provide therapeutic targets, based on synergistic effects of chemotherapy with CIN-inducing drugs. Using an assay based on human artificial chromosomes, we investigated the impact of common glioma missense mutations in IDH1 and TP53 on chromosome transmission and demonstrated that IDH1R132H and TP53R248Q variants elevate CIN. We next found enhanced CIN levels and the sensitivity of IDH1R132H/WT and TP53R248Q/R248Q genotypes, introduced into U87 MG glioma cells by CRISPR/Cas9, to different drugs, including conventional temozolomide. It was found that U87 MG cells carrying IDH1R132H/WT exhibit dramatic sensitivity to paclitaxel, which was independently confirmed on cell cultures derived from patients with naturally occurring IDH1R132H/WT. Overall, our results suggest that the development of CIN-enhancing therapy for glioma tumors with the IDH1R132H/WT genotype could be advantageous for adjuvant treatment.
Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation on Lipid Profile in Overweight or Obese Women: A Meta-analysis and Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Hu Li , Velu Periyannan , Prabahar Kousalya , Hernández-Wolters Benjamin , Kord-Varkaneh Hamed , Xu Yan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Context
Previous studies have explored the relationship between vitamin D and lipid profile in individuals with obesity or overweight women, but the results have been inconsistent.

Objective
This meta-analysis and systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was conducted to assess the effect of vitamin D on lipid profile in women who are overweight or obese.

Data Sources
A meticulous search strategy was used across the Scopus, PubMed/Medline, Web of Science, and Embase databases up to June 2024.

Data Extraction
RCT studies administering vitamin D to overweight or obese women were extracted. A random-effects model was applied to compute the weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% CIs of the intervention on each variable.

Data Analyses
Thirteen eligible publications with 16 arms focused on low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), 16 arms on high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), 18 arms on total cholesterol (TC), and 18 arms on triglycerides (TG) were included in the final quantitative analysis. Vitamin D supplementation resulted in significant reductions in TG (WMD: −6.13 mg/dL; 95% CI: −8.99 to −3.28; P = .000) and TC (WMD: −4.45 mg/dL; 95% CI: −7.06 to −1.83; P = .001), as well as a significant increase in HDL-C concentrations (WMD: 1.54 mg/dL; 95% CI: 0.57 to 2.52; P = .002). Stratified analysis indicated a greater reduction in TG levels in studies with a mean baseline TG concentration ≥150 mg/dL (WMD: −23.58 mg/dL) and when vitamin D was administered for ≤26 weeks (WMD: −11.44 mg/dL).

Conclusion
According to our findings, vitamin D has a significant effect on hypertriglyceridemia in individuals who are overweight or obese. However, vitamin D has no significant effect on LDL-C concentrations in this population.
213. Electronic Visit (E-visit) Use for Sexually Transmitted Infection (STI) Testing in a Large Integrated Healthcare System
Authors: Clutter Dana S , Thornton Amanda , Ni Yuching , Hsiao Crystal , Volk Jonathan E , Silverberg Michael , Lee-Rodriguez Christian , Luu Mitchell N , Bruno Christine B , Vinson David R , Srisuro Anne , Nugent Joshua , Skarbinski Jacek 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
To improve access to sexually transmitted infection (STI) and HIV prevention services, Kaiser Permanente Northern California (KPNC), an integrated healthcare system, launched a sexual health electronic visit (E-visit) in February 2022. This E-visit allows users to self-order STI testing and other sexual health services through the healthcare patient portal.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective cohort study to characterize E-visit use for STI testing among all persons who had STI testing within KPNC from February 13, 2022 to December 31, 2023. We compared demographic factors of persons requesting STI testing via the E-visit with those who accessed STI services via conventional pathways. We used log-binomial regression to assess factors associated with E-visit use and compared STI test positivity among persons who used the E-visit versus those who used conventional pathways.

Results
Of the 773,884 persons who underwent STI testing, 120,064 (16%) used the sexual health E-visit and 653,820 (84%) used conventional pathways. Younger persons were more likely to use the E-visit, with persons aged 18-24 years being the most likely to use the E-visit (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR] 1.61 [95% CI 1.58, 1.64] compared with persons aged 35-44 years) (Table 1). Compared with white persons, black persons were more likely to use the E-visit (aPR 1.48 [95% CI 1.45, 1.5]). Men were more likely than women to use the E-visit (aPR 1.12 [95% CI 1.11, 1.14). Use was similar across socioeconomic status. Persons with HIV were less likely to use the E-visit (aPR 0.51 [95% CI 0.48-0.55]), whereas those with prior or current HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis use were more likely (aPRs 1.48 [95% CI 1.37, 1.6] and 2.0 [95% CI 1.94, 2.05], respectively). Test positivity was higher for E-visit testing compared with conventional pathways for urogenital chlamydia (4.6% vs. 2.1%; p &lt; 0.0001), urogenital gonorrhea (0.9% vs. 0.5%; p &lt; 0.0001), rectal chlamydia (5.6% vs 4.0% p &lt; 0.0001), and pharyngeal chlamydia (2.0% vs 1.3%, p &lt; 0.0001) (Table 2).

Conclusion
The KPNC sexual health E-visit is used by individuals at risk for STIs, including younger and black persons, with higher test positivity for urogenital gonorrhea and chlamydia, rectal chlamydia, and pharyngeal chlamydia.

Disclosures
All Authors: No reported disclosures
294. Assessment of Disinfectants for Reducing Candida auris Burden on Needleless Connectors: an In Vitro Study
Authors: Cecilia Tran Truc , Adelman Max W , Murali Shiva , Jimenez Adriana , Arias Cesar A , Shukla Bhavarth S 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Candida auris, an emerging fungal pathogen, has triggered outbreaks in healthcare settings. It frequently colonizes patient skin, surfaces in their immediate clinical environment, and medical devices, including central venous catheters and connectors. Effective disinfection is vital for patient safety. However, many commonly used disinfectants may have limited efficacy against C. auris and their ability to clean contaminated connects remain uncertain. This study assesses the effectiveness of commonly used disinfectants in reducing C. auris contamination in needleless connectors.

Changes in C. auris and C. albicans catheter contamination after disinfecting with several commonly used products.

Methods
Needleless connectors of Arrowg+ard Blue Plus® Four-Lumen Catheters were contaminated with C. auris and C. albicans over a 24-hour period. Disinfection procedures involved using single-use disinfecting cap protectors containing 70% isopropyl alcohol (IPA), wipes with 70% IPA, and wipes containing 3.15% chlorhexidine gluconate plus 70% IPA (CHG + IPA). The disinfection process included mechanically rotating the wipes and caps in both clockwise and counterclockwise directions for 15 seconds, followed by allowing the connectors to dry for an additional 15 seconds. Treated and control connectors were then immersed in 1 ml of 0.9% NaCl solution, placed in an ultrasonic bath for 1 minute, and subsequently enumerated on Sabouraud dextrose agar.

Results
Two strains of C. auris and one strain of C. albicans were used. Under untreated conditions, C. auris exhibited colonization ranging from 4.4 to 5.0 log10 CFU/ml. Disinfection procedures resulted in a reduction of C. auris fungal load by 1.43 to 2.90 log10 CFU/ml, indicating a 91.2% to 99.9% reduction in CFU/ml across all products. However, efficacy was lower with IPA alone (refer to Table 1). Against C. albicans, disinfecting products reduced the fungal load from 3.66 log10 CFU/ml to 0.82 to 1.52 log10 CFU/ml, representing &gt;99.2% reduction in all conditions, with the most significant reduction observed with the IPA cap and CHG + IPA wipe.

Conclusion
Our findings indicate that commonly used disinfectants have limited efficacy against C. auris colonization in needleless connectors compared to C. abicans. Further research is warranted to assess optimal methods and products for decontaminating devices from this emerging pathogen.

Disclosures
Cesar A. Arias, MD, MSc, PhD, UpToDate, Inc.: Royalties