bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intersimple sequence repeat (ISSR) variation in Lactoris fernandeziana (Lactoridaceae), a rare endemic of the Juan Fernández Archipelago, Chile
Authors: CRAWFORD DANIEL , TAGO‐NAKAZAWA MIYUKI , STUESSY TOD F. , ANDERSON GREGORY J. , BERNARDELLO GABRIEL , RUIZ EDUARDO , JENSEN RICHARD J. , BAEZA CARLOSM , WOLFE ANDREA D. , O MARIO SILVA 
Published: March 2003

AbstractSixteen populations and 89 individuals of Lactoris fernandeziana were examined

for variation in intersimple sequence repeat (ISSR) banding patterns. The species

is a rare endemic of Masatierra Island in the Juan Fernández Archipelago,

and is the only member of the endemic family Lactoridaceae. Five populations showed

a single genotype whereas the other 11 populations had from two to 16 multilocus

genotypes. Over 73% of the ISSR diversity occurred across populations, with

only about 27% within populations. Diversity among populations results from

the presence of different subsets of loci within each population rather than unique

loci within populations; only two populations displayed novel loci, with one and

three in each. Levels of differentiation at ISSR loci among populations are not correlated

with geographic distance on Masatierra; rather, the pattern of variation is mosaic.

The presence of differentiated local populations is concordant with the geitonogamous

breeding system of the species and suggests low levels of long distance pollen or

seed dispersal. The mosaic pattern of ISSR variation on Masatierra may result, in

part, from drift and inbreeding in small populations following fragmentation of a

once more continuous distribution of Lactoris with the formation of canyons

by erosion. Also, the generation of new ISSR loci by mutation could occur with rare,

sporadic gene flow among populations accounting for the mosaic pattern of variation

and the paucity of unique alleles within populations. The ISSR results for Lactoris

suggest that studies of morphological, ecological and physiological features may

elucidate differentiation among populations of L. fernandeziana. Field studies have demonstrated that plants occur both in the dense forest understory and in the full sunlight in forest openings.
Are high barometric pressure, low humidity and diurnal change of temperature related to the onset of asthmatic symptoms?
Authors: Ehara Akira , Takasaki Hideki , Takeda Yuko , Kida Takeshi , Mizukami Susumu , Yamada Masahiro Hagisawa and Yutaka 
Published: March 2003

Abstract Background: Meteorologic factors play a role in the expression of asthmatic symptoms; however, there are controversies about the causal relationship between meteorologic factors and asthma. The relationship between meteorologic parameters and emergency admissions for asthmatic symptoms in this hospital were analyzed.
Methods
: A total of 205 patients (130 boys and 75 girls, 0.1–16.6 years of age) who were admitted to Hakodate Chuo General Hospital for asthmatic symptoms between 1 January and 31 December 1997 were submitted to our study. We divided a total of 365 days into two groups of days with and without any admissions. Meteorologic factors for the days with admissions and 1–3 days before hospitalization were compared with those of the days of no admissions. Statistical analysis was done with the Mann–Whitney U‐test.
Results
: On the days with admissions and 1 day before hospitalizations, barometric pressure was higher and relative humidity lower than on days with no admissions. The diurnal difference between maximum and minimum temperature for days 1 day before days with admissions was larger than that for 1 day before days with no admissions.
Conclusions
: It is thought that change in barometric pressure, relative humidity and temperature had some influence on the worsening of asthmatic symptoms.
Hemodynamic factors of thrombus formation in coronary aneurysms associated with Kawasaki disease
Authors: Kuramochi Yukio , Ohkubo Takashi , Takechi Nobuyuki , Fukumi Daichi , Uchikoba Yohko , Ogawa Shunichi 
Published: March 2003

Abstract Background: We studied the mechanism of thrombus formation in coronary aneurysms based on rheological findings.
Methods
: We studied 43 coronary aneurysms in 33 patients with Kawasaki disease (mean (± SD) age 6.1~4.3 years). These lesions were divided into three groups on the basis of maximum diameter: (i) small (group S); (ii) medium sized (group M); and (iii) large (group L) aneurysms. Using a Doppler flow guidewire and a pressure‐monitoring guidewire, we measured coronary flow velocity and perfusion pressure inside aneurysms and in adjacent normal‐looking vessels. We calculated the average peak velocity (APV) index, the mean coronary perfusion pressure (P) index and shear index.
Results
: The APV index and shear index decreased significantly (p<0.005) as the aneurysm size increased (APV index in groups S, M and L was 0.893~0.149, 0.573~0.242 and 0.128~0.131, respectively; shear index in groups S, M and L was 0.750~0.149, 0.328~0.153 and 0.020~0.028, respectively). However, coronary perfusion pressure showed no relationship to aneurysm size and was not significantly different from that in adjacent normal‐looking vessels.
Conclusions
: The results of the present study suggest that the stagnation of flow and the reduction of shear stress in coronary aneurysms could initiate thrombus formation.
Role of infection in the development of acquired subglottic stenosis in neonates with prolonged intubation
Authors: Suzumura Hiroshi , Nitta Akihisa , Tanaka Goro , Kuwashima Shigeko , Hideki Hirabayashi  
Published: March 2003

AbstractObjective: To examine whether clinically diagnosed infection correlates with subsequent development of subglottic stenosis in intubated neonates.Methods: Sixty‐two neonatal infants intubated for more than 14 days were examined. Several risk factors for subglottic stenosis, including infection, duration of intubation, frequency of intubation, the size of the endotracheal tube etc., were evaluated by multiple logistic regression analysis.Results: Infection that occurred within 14 days of intubation showed a positive correlation with subsequent subglottic stenosis. The duration of intubation, frequency of intubation and the size of the endotracheal tube did not affect the development of subglottic stenosis. The majority of infections were considered to be respiratory tract infections, including pneumonia.Conclusions: Infection occurring within 14 days of intubation is considered to be a risk factor for acquired subglottic stenosis in neonates intubated for more than 14 days. Prevention of infection within 14 days of intubation may reduce the incidence of subglottic stenosis in neonates.
Risk factors for persistence of pulmonary arterial branch stenosis in neonates and young infants
Authors: Nomura Yuichi , Nakamura Makoto , Kono Yukiharu , Fukushige Toshiro , Shimago Atsushi , Kamimura Junko , Nishi Jun‐Ichiro , Yoshinaga Masao , Miyata Koichiro 
Published: March 2003

Background
: Pulmonary arterial branch stenosis (PBS) in neonates is considered to be transient. However, PBS has been found not only in neonates, but also in young infants. Among these patients, we encountered several patients whose PBS was still present after the age of 1 year.
Methods
: To clarify the natural history of PBS in neonates and young infants, we retrospectively reviewed the records of 103 patients diagnosed with PBS in the neonatal period and early infancy.
Results
: The PBS findings were improved in all patients. Pulmonary arterial branch stenosis disappeared in 94 patients by the age of 1 year (group A), but persisted after 1 year of age in nine patients (group B). Group B patients had a significantly lower mean birth weight and greater Δvelocity (the difference in the peak flow velocity between the main pulmonary artery and stenotic branch) at diagnosis than group A patients. Incidences of low birth weight (<2500 g) and Δvelocity above 1.2 m/s were significantly higher in group B than group A patients. There was no significant difference in the frequency of premature infants (gestational age <36 weeks) between the groups, suggesting that intrauterine growth retardation may be related to developmental abnormalities of the pulmonary arterial branch.
Conclusions
: All cases of PBS in neonates and young infants were improved. However, PBS persisted in some patients after the age of 1 year. Low birth weight and Δvelocity above 1.2 m/s are risk factors for persistent PBS. Pulmonary arterial branch stenosis was not present after the age of 1 year in 62 of 63 patients without either of these risk factors.
Assessment of bone ages: Is the Greulich‐Pyle method sufficient for Turkish boys?
Authors: Koc Ahmet , Karaoglanoglu Mustafa , Erdogan Murat , Kosecik Mustafa , Cesur Yasar 
Published: March 2003

Abstract

Background
: The Greulich‐Pyle (GP) Atlas of skeletal maturation has been prepared in white children who born between 1917 and 1942 in the USA, and is frequently used for assessment of skeletal maturity. In this study, we investigated whether or not the GP method is sufficient for Turkish children for the determination of the skeletal age.
Methods
: Plain radiographies of left hands and wrists of 225 healthy boys between 7 and 17 years of age were taken. Pubic hair (PH) stages of boys were determined by using the Tanner criteria. Mean chronological ages and mean skeletal ages according to GP Atlas were compared for each age groups and each PH stage.
Results
: Mean skeletal ages were delayed 0.61, 0.72, 0.54, 0.39, 0.25, 0.39, and 0.32 years than the mean chronological ages in the 7–13 years age groups, respectively, and advanced 0.13, 0.01, 0.89, and 0.52 years in the 14–17 years age groups. In PH stages 1, 2, and 3, mean skeletal ages were delayed 0.67, 0.51 and 0.40 years than the mean chronological ages, respectively. In PH stages 4 and 5, mean skeletal ages were advanced 0.66 and 0.76 years than mean chronological ages.
Conclusion
: The results suggest that Turkish boys may have a different tempo of skeletal maturation during pubertal development from that of American children which GP standards were derived. Therefore, GP Atlas is not completely applicable to Turkish boys but can be used with some modification.
Nitric oxide donor increases cerebral blood flow and oxygenation during kainic acid‐induced seizures in newborn rabbits
Authors: Takei Yukito , Takashima Sachio , Kumada Atsushi , Tachibana Maki , Takami Takeshi , Miyajima Tasuku , Hoshika Akinori 
Published: March 2003

Abstract
Background
: We investigated the hypothesis that sodium nitroprusside (SNP), a nitric oxide (NO) donor, increased the cerebral blood flow and oxygenation during kainic acid (KA)‐induced seizures in newborn rabbits.
Methods
: After KA administration (i.v. 12 mg/kg) to induce seizures, either 1.2 mg/kg SNP (SNP
group, i.v., n = 6) or 1 mL normal saline (vehicle group, i.v., n = 6) was given. Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF), cerebral oxyhemoglobin (oxy‐Hb), deoxyhemoglobin (deoxy‐Hb), total hemoglobin (t‐Hb), mean arterial blood pressure (MABP), heart rate (HR) and electroencephalography (EEG) were continuously monitored throughout the experiment, lasting at least 60 min after the KA administration.
Results
: The value for rCBF was greatly increased during seizures in the SNP group than in the vehicle group. The values for oxy‐Hb and t‐Hb were significantly increased, and deoxy‐Hb was significantly decreased. There were ameliorations of cerebral oxygenation in the SNP group during the acute phase of seizures in the neonatal animals, compared with the vehicle group. There were no significant differences in the MABP, HR, arterial blood gases, rectal and brain temperatures, blood hemoglobin concentrations, blood glucose levels, the latencies to first abnormal discharges in EEG, the total sum of the duration of abnormal discharges in EEG and the incidences of subclinical electric status epileptics between the two groups.
Conclusions
: These results suggest that the treatment with SNP contributed to the increases in cerebral blood flow and oxygenation, and that EEG abnormalities were unchanged by the treatment with SNP during neonatal seizures.
Management of childhood diseases during the Byzantine period: III − Respiratory diseases of childhood
Authors: Ramoutsaki Ioanna A , Dimitriou Helen , Markaki Erasmia‐A , Kalmanti Maria 
Published: March 2003

AbstractEvidence on herbal, veterinary and chemical substances used in various forms for respiratory problems of childhood such as acute otitis, acute tonsillitis and parotitis was investigated in the Byzantine medical treatizes, from the 4th to the 15th century ad. The problem of asthma in childhood was well known during the Byzantine period. Despite the existent Hippocratic tradition, the physicians of the times developed their own methods of treatment. The texts of Antyllus, Orivasios from Pergamos, Aetius of Amida, Alexander of Tralles, Paulus Aeginitis, Theophanis Nonnos and others, strongly suggest influences from ancient Greek and Roman medicine, but at the same time indicate an original medical thought.
Pharyngeal colonization with Haemophilus influenzae type b among healthy Turkish infants and children
Authors: Bakir Mustafa , Yagci Aysegul , Ulger Nurver , Akbenlioglu Cengiz , Ilki Arzu , Soyletir Guner , Basaran Mujdat 
Published: March 2003

Abstract
Background
: An absence of Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) disease surveillance and epidemiological data on the pharyngeal carriage of Turkish children causes delay in the introduction of conjugated Hib vaccination into proposed national vaccination programs.
Methods
: Oropharyngeal cultures were obtained from 1404 healthy infants and children. Six healthy child clinic (HCC), 11 day‐care centers (DCC) and seven elementary schools (ES) were randomly selected in seven different counties at the Anatolian side of Istanbul between January and April 2000.
Results
: Haemophilus influenzae was isolated from 315 (22.8%) of all participants and 98 (31%) isolates were serotype b. The carriage rate for Hib was higher in children at DCC (43 out of 448, 9.6%) and ES (46 out of 504, 9.1%) compared to infants 0−24 months of age (nine out of 430, 2.1%) presented to HCC. All Hib isolates were susceptible to azithromycin, chloramphenicol and cefotaxime. Beta‐lactamase production was detected in only one isolate. Trimethoprim‐sulfamethoxazole resistance was found in 8.5% of Hib isolates. Multivariate analysis showed that DCC and ES attendance were independent predictors of Hib carriage.
Conclusion
: A significant proportion of healthy Turkish children was shown to be colonized with Hib. The burden of invasive Hib infections should be determined in order to evaluate the Hib conjugated vaccine as a part of a routine immunization program in Turkey.
Physical and psychological improvements after phase II cardiac rehabilitation in patients with myocardial infarction
Authors: Yoshida Toshiko , Kohzuki Masahiro , Yoshida Kazunori , Hiwatari Masao , Kamimoto Masahiro , Yamamoto Chitose , Meguro Shinichiro , Endo Norio , Kato Atsushi , Kanazawa Masaharu , Sato Tokutaro 
Published: March 2003

AbstractWe have designed a new 4‐week hospitalized phase II cardiac rehabilitation program. The purpose of the present study is to clarify whether the physical and psychological status of patients with myocardial infarction (MI) improves after participation in our program. Twenty‐nine patients (27 males, two females) with acute MI who enrolled in the 4‐week hospitalized phase II rehabilitation program were assessed. All patients enrolled in this study had received coronary interventions. The rehabilitation consisted of exercise training, education and counsel‐ing. We evaluated the physical and psychological status of the patients before and just after the program, and at a 6‐month follow up. The physical status was assessed by exercise tolerance measured by the peak oxygen consumption and anerobic threshold, frequency of exercise, and serum concentrations of triglyceride, total cholesterol, high‐density lipoprotein–cholesterol, and low‐density lipoprotein–cholesterol. The psychological status was assessed by the Spielberger state‐trait anxiety inventory questionnaire (STAI) and the self‐rating questionnaire for depression (SRQ‐D). Thirty‐four patients (27 men, seven women) with MI who did not participate in our rehabilitation program served as a control group. After participation in our rehabilitation program, exercise tolerance and the serum lipid profiles of the patients were improved compared with those before rehabilitation. These parameters had improved signi‐ficantly 6 months after rehabilitation. The STAI anxiety score was improved significantly and the SRQ‐D depression score tended to be improved just after the rehabilitation program. Regular physical activity was continued even 6 months after the completion of the program. Our hospitalized phase II cardiac rehabilitation program improved the management of cardiac risk factors and the psychological status in patients with MI. This comprehensive program may contribute to the secondary prevention of MI as well as the recovery of physical and psychological activities.
Compliance of adolescents with asthma
Authors: Kyngäs Helvi A. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to describe the health regimen compliance of adolescents with asthma and some factors related to it. The following research questions were addressed: (i) to what extent do adolescents with asthma comply with health regimens; and (ii) what type of factors are associated with compliance of adolescents with asthma? A total of 300 individuals aged 13–17 years were randomly selected from the Finnish Social Insurance Institution’s register. Every 15th person on the list was included in the sample and were sent questionnaires. A total of 88% (n = 266) of adolescents returned the questionnaire. The results showed that 42% of the adolescents with asthma complied fully with the health regimens, 42% placed themselves in the category of satisfactory compliance, and the remaining 18% reported poor compliance. Compliance with the need to avoid foods, animals and pollens that cause asthma attacks was poorest, while the highest degree of compliance was observed for medication and control visits to medical staff. Background variables, such as age, family size, exercise, smoking, alcohol intake and severity of disease, were significantly associated with compliance (P < 0.001). Good motivation, a strong sense of normality, energy and will‐power, support from the parents, physicians and nurses, a positive attitude towards the disease and treatment, no threat to social wellbeing and no fears of complications had statistically significant relation to good compliance (P < 0.001).
Intra‐abdominal abscess due to patient non‐compliance after construction of an ileal neobladder: Case report and review of the literature
Authors: Doehn Christian , Böhle Andreas , Jocham Dieter 
Published: March 2003

Purpose: A case report of patient with an intra‐abdominal abscess 8 weeks after radical cystectomy and construction of an ileal neobladder is presented. Methods/Results: The patient was admitted with nausea, vomiting and singultus. A perforation of the neobladder due to overdistension was assumed to be the underlying cause of the intra‐abdominal abscess formation as the patient admitted infrequent voiding during the day and no emptying of the neobladder at night. The patient underwent explorative laparotomy and 4200mL of pus was removed from the abdominal cavity. The patient made an uneventful recovery and was discharged from hospital after 5 weeks. Neobladder function remained stable and the patient was leading a normal life at 24 months follow‐up. Conclusions: The present case demonstrates the need for careful patient selection prior to radical cystectomy with continent urinary diversion. Reduced compliance and mental disabilities of a patient can increase the complication rate.
Ectopic vas deferens opening into the ureter
Authors: Matsumoto Fumi , Suzuki Mari , Hosokawa Syozo , Shimada Kenji 
Published: March 2003

Purpose: A pediatric case of ectopic vas deferens opening into the ipsilateral ureter is reported. Methods/Results: Ectopic opening of the vas deferens was detected incidentally at ureterocystoneostomy being performed for vesicoureteral reflux to the solitary kidney of a 7‐month‐old boy with anorectal anomaly. Conclusions: The preservation of the patency of the seminal tract is recommended.
Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy for lower pole calculi: Our experience
Authors: Deliveliotis Charalambos , Skolarikos Andreas , Louras Georgios , Kostakopoulos Athanasios , Karagiotis Evangelos , Tekerlekis Panagiotis 
Published: March 2003

Introduction: This study was performed in order to evaluate the immediate and long‐term outcome of patients undergoing extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) for isolated lower pole calculi. Methods: Three hundred and seventy renal units of 350 patients (240 men and 110 women; mean age 55 years) with isolated lower pole renal stones of smaller than 2 cm2 were studied. Follow up ranged from 1 to 52 months (mean, 15 months) to time of censorship, significant period of secondary urologic evaluation. Results: Out of 370 renal units in 350 patients, 212 (57,29%) were stone‐free 1 month after ESWL and 21 (5.67%) spontaneously became stone‐free within another 1–52 months (mean, 15 months). Intervention was required after 1–52 months (mean, 17.5 months) and accomplished by ESWL alone (30/350 patients 8.57%) or combined with retrograde endoscopy (10/350 patients 2.85%) while retrograde manipulation was necessary in two of the 350 patients (0.57%). Conclusion: Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy is the initial treatment of choice in patients with lower pole stones < 2 cm2, because the overall stone‐free rate is acceptable and because even in the residual calculi, the risk of suffering symptomatic episodes requiring secondary intervention is low.
Effect of Bcl‐2 overexpression in human prostate cancer cells in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Kajiwara Takahiro , Takeuchi Takumi , Ueki Tetsuo , Moriyama Nobuo , Ueki Keisuke , Kakizoe Tadao , Kawabe Kazuki 
Published: March 2003

Abstract
Background
: Cancer cells often develop mechanisms to resist apoptosis and the extent of such anti‐apoptotic ability has been shown to parallel tumor progression in various malignancies. Among various molecules implicated in regulating apoptosis pathway, bcl‐2 and its family members are best characterized.
Methods
: To investigate the effect of bcl‐2‐mediated anti‐apoptotic ability on tumor growth and progression in prostate cancer, a cell line overexpressing bcl‐2 (LNCaP/bcl‐2) was established by genetically engineering a prostate cancer cell line LNCaP. Tumor growth of LNCaP/bcl‐2 was compared with the parental cell line in vitro and in vivo.
Results
: LNCaP/bcl‐2 cells show resistance to apoptosis caused by nutrient deprivation and did not arrest when cultured in serum‐free or androgen‐free medium, while parental LNCaP cells or LNCaP cells transfected with the vector only (LNCaP/control) underwent extensive apoptosis on nutrient deprivation and sustained growth suppression in serum‐free or androgen‐free medium. When injected subcutaneously into nude mice, tumors deriving from LNCaP/bcl‐2 cells grew faster compared with LNCaP/control for about 3 weeks (P = 0.02), but this effect was not evident after 5 weeks. Upon castration, the control tumors regressed but LNCaP/bcl‐2‐derived tumors showed resistance, as was previously reported.
Conclusions
: These data confirm the notion that anti‐apoptotic function of bcl‐2 is oncogenic and confers resistance to androgen deprivation and also indicate that it may also play a critical role in earlier stages of tumorigenesis.