bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Same but different — pseudo‐pectin in the charophytic alga Chlorokybus atmophyticus
Authors: Rapin Marie N. , Murray Lorna , Sadler Ian H. , Bothwell John H. , Fry Stephen C. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAll land‐plant cell walls possess hemicelluloses, cellulose and anionic pectin. The walls of their cousins, the charophytic algae, exhibit some similarities to land plants’ but also major differences. Charophyte ‘pectins’ are extractable by conventional land‐plant methods, although they differ significantly in composition. Here, we explore ‘pectins’ of an early‐diverging charophyte, Chlorokybus atmophyticus, characterising the anionic polysaccharides that may be comparable to ‘pectins’ in other streptophytes. Chlorokybus ‘pectin’ was anionic and upon acid hydrolysis gave GlcA, GalA and sulphate, plus neutral sugars (Ara≈Glc>Gal>Xyl); Rha was undetectable. Most Gal was the l‐enantiomer. A relatively acid‐resistant disaccharide was characterised as β‐d‐GlcA‐(1→4)‐l‐Gal. Two Chlorokybus ‘pectin’ fractions, separable by anion‐exchange chromatography, had similar sugar compositions but different sulphate‐ester contents. No sugars were released from Chlorokybus ‘pectin’ by several endo‐hydrolases [(1,5)‐α‐l‐arabinanase, (1,4)‐β‐d‐galactanase, (1,4)‐β‐d‐xylanase, endo‐polygalacturonase] and exo‐hydrolases [α‐ and β‐d‐galactosidases, α‐(1,6)‐d‐xylosidase]. ‘Driselase’, which hydrolyses most land‐plant cell wall polysaccharides to mono‐ and disaccharides, released no sugars except traces of starch‐derived Glc. Thus, the Ara, Gal, Xyl and GalA of Chlorokybus ‘pectin’ were not non‐reducing termini with configurations familiar from land‐plant polysaccharides (α‐l‐Araf, α‐ and β‐d‐Galp, α‐ and β‐d‐Xylp and α‐d‐GalpA), nor mid‐chain residues of α‐(1→5)‐l‐arabinan, β‐(1→4)‐d‐galactan, β‐(1→4)‐d‐xylan or α‐(1→4)‐d‐galacturonan. In conclusion, Chlorokybus possesses anionic ‘pectic’ polysaccharides, possibly fulfilling pectic roles but differing fundamentally from land‐plant pectin. Thus, the evolution of land‐plant pectin since the last common ancestor of Chlorokybus and land plants is a long and meandering path involving loss of sulphate, most l‐Gal and most d‐GlcA; re‐configuration of Ara, Xyl and GalA; and gain of Rha.
Mapping of subcellular local pH in the marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum
Authors: Shimakawa Ginga , Yashiro Emi , Matsuda Yusuke 
Published: November 2023

AbstractDiatoms are one of the most important phytoplankton on Earth. They comprise at least ten thousand species and contribute to up to 20% of the global primary production. Because of serial endosymbiotic events and horizontal gene transfers, diatoms have developed a “secondary plastid” bounded by four membranes containing a large phase‐separated compartment, termed the pyrenoid. However, the physiological significance of this unique chloroplast morphology is poorly understood. Characterization of fundamental physiological parameters such as local pH in various subcellular compartments should facilitate a greater understanding of the physiological roles of the unique structure of the secondary plastid. A promising method to estimate local pH is the in situ expression of the pH‐sensitive green fluorescent protein. Here, we first developed the molecular tool for the mapping of in situ local pH in the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum by heterologously expressing pHluorin2 in the cytosol, periplastidal compartment (PPC; the space in between two sets of outer and inner chloroplast envelopes), chloroplast stroma, and the pyrenoid matrix. Our data suggested that PPC and the pyrenoid matrix are more acidic than the adjacent areas, the cytosol and the chloroplast stroma. Finally, absolute pH values at each compartment were estimated from the ratiometric fluorescence of a recombinant pHluorin2 protein, giving pH values of approximately 7.9, 6.8, 8.0, and 7.5 respectively, for the cytosol, PPC, stroma, and pyrenoid of the P. tricornutum cells, indicating the occurrence of pH gradients and the associated electrochemical potentials at their boundary.
An unusual case of iatrogenic central venous injury
Authors: Singh Vishal , Dabas Ajay Kumar , Singh Pulkit , S Sreenivasa , Dogra Pavitra Manu , Ghosh Indranil 
Published: November 2023

AbstractCentral venous catheter (CVC) provides ready vascular access and is widely used for the performance of hemodialysis. The use of CVC is associated with many complications and one life‐threatening complication is central venous injury. We describe an unusual case of central venous injury in a 69‐year‐old lady with a poorly functioning left internal jugular vein catheter, which was in situ at the time of attempting insertion of a replacement right internal jugular catheter. The management included initial stabilization, urgent hemodialysis, imaging, and an endovascular approach to mitigate the iatrogenic venous injury. The case highlights many learning points. The operator needs to be vigilant for anatomical abnormalities like stenosis in patients who have had previous CVC. In those with central venous perforation, the CVC should be left in situ till a definitive management plan is formulated. An endovascular approach, when feasible, is a minimally invasive effective management strategy.
Characteristics of multilineage‐differentiating stress‐enduring cell clusters in different culture conditions
Authors: Ning Jing , Cao Yan‐Yun , Zhang Ru‐Zhi , Li Yue 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo observe the morphological characteristics of clusters of Muse cells from normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDFs) under different culture conditions.MethodsMuse cells were sorted by magnetic activated cell sorting (MACS) from NHDFs, and were evaluated by flow cytometry. Muse cells were cultured in suspension and in adherent conditions to obtain Muse cell clusters (M‐clusters), which were further characterized by alkaline phosphatase (AP) staining, immunofluorescence (IF) staining and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The M‐clusters were further cultured on Lando artificial dermal regeneration matrix (LADRM) for analysis by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and IF staining of frozen sections.ResultsThe proportion of SSEA3 and CD105 double‐positive cells obtained by MACS was 87.4%. The sorted cells rapidly formed M‐clusters after suspension culture, and showed internal characteristics of stem cells under TEM. After adherent culture, M‐clusters stained positively for AP, SSEA‐3 and OCT‐4. Each M‐cluster on the surface of the LADRM displayed an outer membrane of amorphous materials under SEM. Frozen sections and fluorescence staining of LADRM loaded with M‐clusters showed an uneven fluorescence intensity of SSEA‐3 within the clusters.ConclusionsMuse cells sorted by MACS from NHDFs could generate M‐clusters, which included cells of different stemness and are wrapped in membrane‐like structures.
Steep uncountable groups
Authors: Corson Samuel M. , Olshanskii Alexander , Varghese Olga 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWe produce a simple group of cardinality which is Artinian (every strictly descending chain of subgroups is finite), satisfies a Burnside law and such that for each uncountable subset there exists a natural number for which every element of may be expressed as a product of length at most of elements in . In particular this group is Jónsson (every proper subgroup is of strictly smaller cardinality) and strongly bounded (every abstract action on a metric space has bounded orbits); this is the first example of an uncountable group having both of these properties, which is constructed without using the continuum hypothesis. The group can also be made so that all subgroups are simple and all non‐trivial subgroups are malnormal in .
Biblioteca en casa, un programa de educación inclusiva
Authors: Duque-Cardona Natalia , Espejo-Pérez Natalia Andrea 
Published: November 2023

Se presentan algunos resultados de la sistematización de Biblioteca en casa, programa de extensión bibliotecaria para personas con discapacidad (PcD). El método usado fue la sistematización de experiencias. Propone un modelo para abordar la discapacidad en la biblioteca alrededor de la educación inclusiva. Expone experiencias de las familias usuarias del programa y desarrolla conceptos claves para su implementación. Cierra presentando una propuesta de evaluación de indicadores de impacto para el programa. Concluye que la educación inclusiva para PcD se potencializa ampliando la oferta formativa en espacios no institucionalizados, como la biblioteca, que contribuyen al acceso a derechos humanos y culturales de las PcD.
Plasmid genomic epidemiology of
bla
KPC
carbapenemase-producing
Enterobacterales
in Canada, 2010–2021
Authors: Lerminiaux Nicole , Mitchell Robyn , Bartoszko Jessica , Davis Ian , Ellis Chelsey , Fakharuddin Ken , Hota Susy S. , Katz Kevin , Kibsey Pamela , Leis Jerome A. , Longtin Yves , McGeer Allison , Minion Jessica , Mulvey Michael , Musto Sonja , Rajda Ewa , Smith Stephanie W. , Srigley Jocelyn A. , Suh Kathryn N. , Thampi Nisha , Tomlinson Jen , Wong Titus , Mataseje Laura ,   on behalf of the Canadian Nosocomial Infection Surveillance Program
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT

Carbapenems are considered last-resort antibiotics for the treatment of infections caused by multidrug-resistant
Enterobacterales
, but carbapenem resistance due to acquisition of carbapenemase genes is a growing threat that has been reported worldwide.
Klebsiella pneumoniae
carbapenemase (
bla
KPC
) is the most common type of carbapenemase in Canada and elsewhere; it can hydrolyze penicillins, cephalosporins, aztreonam, and carbapenems and is frequently found on mobile plasmids in the Tn
4401
transposon. This means that alongside clonal expansion,
bla
KPC
can disseminate through plasmid- and transposon-mediated horizontal gene transfer. We applied whole genome sequencing to characterize the molecular epidemiology of 829
bla
KPC
carbapenemase-producing isolates collected by the Canadian Nosocomial Infection Surveillance Program from 2010 to 2021. Using a combination of short-read and long-read sequencing, we obtained 202 complete and circular
bla
KPC
-encoding plasmids. Using MOB-suite, 10 major plasmid clusters were identified from this data set which represented 87% (175/202) of the Canadian
bla
KPC
-encoding plasmids. We further estimated the genomic location of incomplete
bla
KPC
-encoding contigs and predicted a plasmid cluster for 95% (603/635) of these. We identified different patterns of carbapenemase mobilization across Canada related to different plasmid clusters, including clonal transmission of IncF-type plasmids (108/829, 13%) in
K. pneumoniae
clonal complex 258 and novel repE(pEh60-7) plasmids (44/829, 5%) in
Enterobacter hormaechei
ST316, and horizontal transmission of IncL/M (142/829, 17%) and IncN-type plasmids (149/829, 18%) across multiple genera. Our findings highlight the diversity of
bla
KPC
genomic loci and indicate that multiple, distinct plasmid clusters have contributed to
bla
KPC
spread and persistence in Canada.
Gut microbes modulate (p)ppGpp during a time-restricted feeding regimen
Authors: Ontai-Brenning Amy , Hamchand Randy , Crawford Jason M. , Goodman Andrew L. 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT

Mammals exhibit daily fasting and feeding patterns that produce a fluctuating environment in the gut. By colonizing germfree mice with
Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron
and examining gene expression through a time-restricted feeding cycle, we demonstrate that this prominent gut commensal exhibits gene expression patterns characteristic of a stringent response and increases ppGpp levels during the host-fasting phase of the feeding regimen. Mutants unable to produce (p)ppGpp fail to produce this transcriptional response, exhibit unrestrained chromosomal replication, and cannot maintain population size during the host-fasting phase. Additionally,
B. thetaiotaomicron
requires (p)ppGpp to utilize host glycans both
in vitro
and
in vivo
, and mutants unable to produce (p)ppGpp display deficiencies in mucus layer colonization during the host-fasting phase. Complete gut microbial communities from mice and humans also increase ppGpp levels in this manner, demonstrating that this response appears to be general across species and conserved across mammalian gut communities. Together, these results identify an intracellular signal that allows gut microbes to coordinate their physiology with a time-restricted feeding regimen of their host.

IMPORTANCE
Mammals do not eat continuously, instead concentrating their feeding to a restricted portion of the day. This behavior presents the mammalian gut microbiota with a fluctuating environment with consequences for host-microbiome interaction, infection risk, immune response, drug metabolism, and other aspects of health. We demonstrate that in mice, gut microbes elevate levels of an intracellular signaling molecule, (p)ppGpp, during the fasting phase of a time-restricted feeding regimen. Disabling this response in a representative human gut commensal species significantly reduces colonization during this host-fasting phase. This response appears to be general across species and conserved across mammalian gut communities, highlighting a pathway that allows healthy gut microbiomes to maintain stability in an unstable environment.
Intravascular imaging guided versus coronary angiography guided percutaneous coronary intervention: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Khan Safi U , Agarwal Siddharth , Arshad Hassaan B , Akbar Usman Ali , Mamas Mamas A , Arora Shilpkumar , Baber Usman , Goel Sachin S , Kleiman Neal S , Shah Alpesh R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Objective
To assess the absolute treatment effects of intravascular imaging guided versus angiography guided percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with coronary artery disease, considering their baseline risk.

Design
Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Data sources
PubMed/Medline, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases up to 31 August 2023.

Study selection
Randomized controlled trials comparing intravascular imaging (intravascular ultrasonography or optical coherence tomography) guided versus coronary angiography guided percutaneous coronary intervention in adults with coronary artery disease.

Main outcome measures
Random effect meta-analysis and GRADE (grading of recommendations, assessment, development, and evaluation) were used to assess certainty of evidence. Data included rate ratios and absolute risks per 1000 people for cardiac death, myocardial infarction, stent thrombosis, target vessel revascularization, and target lesion revascularization. Absolute risk differences were estimated using SYNTAX risk categories for baseline risks at five years, assuming constant rate ratios across different cardiovascular risk thresholds.

Results
In 20 randomized controlled trials (n=11 698), intravascular imaging guided percutaneous coronary intervention was associated with a reduced risk of cardiac death (rate ratio 0.53, 95% confidence interval 0.39 to 0.72), myocardial infarction (0.81, 0.68 to 0.97), stent thrombosis (0.44, 0.27 to 0.72), target vessel revascularization (0.74, 0.61 to 0.89), and target lesion revascularization (0.71, 0.59 to 0.86) but not all cause death (0.81, 0.64 to 1.02). Using SYNTAX risk categories, high certainty evidence showed that from low risk to high risk, intravascular imaging was likely associated with 23 to 64 fewer cardiac deaths, 15 to 19 fewer myocardial infarctions, 9 to 13 fewer stent thrombosis events, 28 to 38 fewer target vessel revascularization events, and 35 to 48 fewer target lesion revascularization events per 1000 people.

Conclusions
Compared with coronary angiography guided percutaneous coronary intervention, intravascular imaging guided percutaneous coronary intervention was associated with significantly reduced cardiac death and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with coronary artery disease. The estimated absolute effects of intravascular imaging guided percutaneous coronary intervention showed a proportional relation with baseline risk, driven by the severity and complexity of coronary artery disease.

Systematic review registration
PROSPERO CRD42023433568.
Effects of 24/7 palliative care consultation availability on the use of emergency department and emergency medical services resources from non-oncological patients: a before-and-after observational cohort study
Authors: Valenti Danila , Gamberini Lorenzo , Allegri Davide , Tartaglione Marco , Moggia Fabrizio , Del Giudice Donatella , Baroni Raffaella , Di Mirto Cristian Vincenzo Francesco , Tamanti Jacopo , Rosa Silvia , Paoletti Serena , Bruno Luigi , Peterle Chiara , Cuomo Anna Maria Rita , Bertini Alessio , Giostra Fabrizio , Mengoli Francesca 
Published: November 2023

ObjectivesThe non-oncological population is relatively under-represented among end-of-life (EOL) patients managed by palliative care (PC) services, and the effects of different PC delivery models are understudied in this population.This retrospective observational study on routinely collected data aimed at evaluating the effects of the extension from workday-only to 24/7 mixed hands-on and advisory home PC service on emergency department (ED) access and emergency medical services (EMS) interventions needed by non-oncological patients during their last 90 days of life, and their probability to die in hospital.MethodsA before-and-after design was adopted comparing preimplementation and postimplementation periods (2018–2019 and 2021–22).We used a difference-in-differences approach to estimate changes in ED access and EMS intervention rates in the postintervention period through binomial negative regression. The oncological population, always exposed to 24/7 PC, was used as a control. A robust Poisson regression model was adopted to investigate the differences regarding hospital mortality. The analyses were adjusted for age, sex and disease grouping by the system involved. Results were reported as incidence rate ratios (IRRs) and ORs.ResultsA total of 2831 patients were enrolled in the final analysis.After the implementation of 24/7 home PC, both ED admissions (IRR=0.390, p<0.001) and EMS interventions (IRR=0.413, p<0.001) dropped, as well as the probability to die in hospital (OR=0.321, p<0.001).ConclusionsThe adoption of a 24/7 mixed hands-on and advisory model of home PC could have relevant effects in terms of ED access and EMS use by non-oncological EOL patients under PC.Trial regisration numberNCT05640076.
Quality of cancer treatment care before and after a palliative care pathway: bereaved relatives’ perspectives
Authors: van der Padt - Pruijsten Annemieke , Leys Maria BL , Oomen-de Hoop Esther , van der Rijt Carin C D , van der Heide Agnes 
Published: November 2023

ObjectiveAppropriate communication between healthcare providers and patients and their families is an essential part of good (palliative) care. We investigated whether implementation of a standardised palliative care pathway (PCP) facilitated communication, that is, aspects of shared decision-making (SDM), including advance care planning (ACP) conversations and satisfaction with care as experienced by bereaved relatives of patients with advanced cancer.MethodsWe conducted a prospective preintervention and postintervention study in a hospital. Questionnaires were sent to relatives of patients who died between February 2014 and February 2015 (pre-PCP period) or between November 2015 and November 2016 (post-PCP period). Relatives’ perceptions on communication and satisfaction with care were assessed using parts of the Views of Informal Carers—Evaluation of Services and IN-PATSAT32 Questionnaires.Results195 (46%) and 180 (42%) bereaved relatives completed the questionnaire in the pre-PCP and post-PCP period, respectively. The majority of all patients in both the pre-PCP period and the post-PCP period had been told they had an incurable illness (92% and 89%, respectively, p=0.544), mostly in the presence of a relative (88% and 85%, respectively, p=0.865) and had discussed their preferences for end-of-life (EOL) treatment (82% and 76%, respectively, p=0.426). Bereaved relatives were reasonably satisfied with the received hospital care in both groups.ConclusionsWe found no overall effect of the PCP on the communication process and satisfaction with EOL care of bereaved relatives. Before the use of the PCP bereaved relatives already reported favourably about the EOL care provided.
Application of the Single-Stage Process of Dark Fermentation and Microbial Electrolysis to Improve Hydrogen Productivity from Water Hyacinth
Authors: Nguyen Phan Khanh Thinh , Tran Thi Thu Ha , Nguyen Thiet 
Published: November 2023

The production of hydrogen (H2) from water hyacinth (WH) can contribute to reducing both the negative impact of WH on ecosystems and dependence on fossil fuels. In this study, the combination of dark fermentation (DF) and microbial electrolysis cell (MEC) in a single reactor, namely, sDFMEC, was investigated to improve the H2 productivity of WH. Furthermore, the intermittently applied voltage (I-Eapp) scheme and various methane (CH4) inhibition methods, including air exposure, heat treatment, and chloroform (CHCl3) addition, were applied for performance enhancement purposes. The findings indicated that with a sufficient duty time of external energy input (less than 1 hour), the intermittent mode can enhance the performance of WH-fed sDFMEC but does not significantly inhibit CH4 formation. While air exposure and heat treatment damaged both methanogens and exoelectrogens, lowering sDFMEC performance, additional CHCl3 showed the best selective and long-term inhibition on methanogens (over 350 operation hours without further addition). Overall, the combination of the I-Eapp scheme and CHCl3 applied in WH-fed sDFMEC achieved a yield of

670.1
±
15.2

mL
−

H

2

/
g
−
VS

, around 160% higher than the normal condition.
Robert Wedderburn’s ‘Universal War’: Anti-Colonial Universality in the Age of Revolution
Authors: Waqif Ajmal 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The ideas and political commitments of the revolutionary abolitionist and Spencean Robert Wedderburn (1762–1835) represent a compelling example of a form of universality, articulated in the midst of the Age of Revolution, which defied European colonialism and plantation slavery. An engagement with Wedderburn’s writings on the Haitian Revolution, maroon warfare and his proposal of a Spencean communist programme will clarify ongoing debates about Enlightenment, empire, slavery and universality, and might inform a re-engagement with the idea of universal emancipation in the political present.