bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bone marrow and blood plasma levels of IL‐8 in aplastic anemia and their relationship with disease severity
Authors: Tripathy Naresh Kumar , Vibhuti  , Nityanand Soniya 
Published: June 2005

AbstractInterleukin‐8 (IL‐8), a CXC chemokine, is also a potent inhibitor of myelopoiesis, the hematopoietic process that is severely impaired in aplastic anemia (AA). To elucidate its role in the disease, we have investigated levels of IL‐8 by quantitative enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay in bone marrow and peripheral blood plasma of 27 AA patients and in the marrow of 16 controls and blood of 20 controls. Significantly increased levels of IL‐8 were observed in the marrow and blood of patients as compared to controls (470.4 ± 549.6 vs. 37.5 ± 30.3; P < 0.0001) and (247.3 ± 286.3 vs. 7.9 ± 5.5; P < 0.0001), respectively. Among the patients, the IL‐8 levels were higher in patients with severe AA than those with nonsevere AA in the marrow (568.8 ± 586.9 vs. 126.3 ± 102.5; P < 0.005) as well as in the blood (296.6 ± 305.5 vs. 75.0 ± 84.4; P < 0.008) plasma. The marrow and blood of 74% (20/27) of the patients had increased levels of IL‐8 compared to 12% (2/16; P < 0.001) and 10% (2/20, P < 0.001) of the controls, respectively. These results suggest that IL‐8 may have an important role in the pathogenesis of AA. Am. J. Hematol. 79:240–242, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
von Willebrand's disease and menorrhagia: Prevalence, diagnosis, and management
Authors: Kujovich Jody L. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe reported prevalence of von Willebrand's disease (vWD) is increased in women with menorrhagia, with current estimates ranging from 5% to 20%. The consistent results of multiple studies suggest testing should be included in the evaluation of patients with menorrhagia, especially in unexplained cases and prior to surgical intervention. Although a cyclic variation in von Willebrand's factor levels has not been confirmed, several studies suggest lower levels during menses and the early follicular phase. Menorrhagia is one of the most common bleeding manifestations of von Willebrand's disease, reported by 60–95% of women afflicted with this bleeding disorder. Menorrhagia is typically severe, often resulting in anemia and interfering with quality of life. Despite the frequency of menorrhagia, there is no consensus on optimal management. Although oral contraceptives are frequently prescribed, there are no studies confirming their efficacy using objective measures of response. Desmopressin was associated with an 80–92% response rate in several uncontrolled studies relying on patient assessment of efficacy. However, a small, randomized trial found no significant reduction in menstrual blood flow compared with placebo. There are anecdotal reports of the successful use of antifibrinolytic agents alone and in combination with other therapies. There are no studies comparing the relative efficacy and safety of the available medical therapies for von Willebrand's disease associated menorrhagia. Until these studies are completed, treatment should be individualized based on von Willebrand's disease subtype, patient age, contraceptive needs, and personal preference. Am. J. Hematol. 79:220–228, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fibrocongestive splenomegaly in sickle cell disease: A distinct clinicopathological entity in the Eastern province of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Chopra Rajan , Al‐Mulhim Abdul Rahman , Al‐Baharani Ahmed Taher 
Published: June 2005

AbstractSickle cell disease displays a unique progression in the Eastern province of Saudi Arabia, where splenomegaly with hypersplenism is noted with high frequency in the adolescent and adult patients. The late persistence of splenomegaly although likely reflects the milder progression of sickle cell disease in this region; nevertheless, it predisposes the patients to increased morbidity. The present study documents the characteristic clinicopathological features of splenomegaly associated with sickle cell disease in the Al‐Hassa region of Eastern province Saudi Arabia. Forty‐four cases of sickle cell disease patients in whom splenectomy was performed during 1999–2003 were studied. The hemoglobinopathy profiles of the patients (age range 5–42 years) comprised sickle cell anemia (8 cases), sickle cell anemia with high fetal hemoglobin (23 cases), and sickle cell‐β° thalassemia (13 cases). All patients had manifestations of hypersplenism and 39 patients experienced episodes of minor‐type sequestration crisis. Splenectomy was effective in ameliorating the hematological abnormalities in all cases, without any major complications in the follow‐up period. The splenectomy specimens showed moderate‐to‐marked enlargement in most cases, with histological features of fibrocongestive splenomegaly and prominent Gandy‐gamma body formations. Micro‐infarcts in 27 cases and gross infarctions in 9 cases were evident. The relationship of persistent splenomegaly with higher fetal hemoglobin levels and splenic hypofunction is examined along with the significance of splenectomy in these cases. Am. J. Hematol. 79:180–186, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Thalidomide–dexamethasone as primary therapy for advanced multiple myeloma
Authors: Wang Michael , Weber Donna M. , Delasalle Kay , Alexanian Raymond 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe value of thalidomide–dexamethasone was assessed in 26 consecutive, previously untreated patients with multiple myeloma of high tumor mass. All showed Hgb < 8.5 g/dL, serum calcium > 11.5 mg/dL, or both. The response rate was 73%, frequency of early death < 3 months was 5%, projected median survival was 30 months, and projected median remission time was 25 months. There were no occurrences of grade 3 or 4 neutropenia or thrombocytopenia, so that serious infection occurred in only 12% of patients. Thalidomide–dexamethasone was useful for these patients with advanced disease because of the high response rate and acceptable survival, with a low frequency of serious complications. Am. J. Hematol. 79:194–197, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Polymorphisms of drug‐metabolizing enzymes and risk of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Pakakasama S. , Mukda E. , Sasanakul W. , Kadegasem P. , Udomsubpayakul U. , Thithapandha A. , Hongeng S. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe involvement of phase I and II enzymes is well documented in the metabolism of a wide range of drugs and xenobiotics. Single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of these enzymes are also known to alter their protein expression and function. Moreover, genetic susceptibility and environmental exposure have been proposed to be an etiology of cancer. We hypothesized that polymorphisms of these enzymes might affect the risk of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). CYP 1A1, CYP 3A4*1B, CYP 3A5*3, CYP 3A5*6, GSTM1, and GSTT1 polymorphisms were genotyped by using PCR‐RFLP in 107 children with ALL and 320 healthy controls. Allele and genotype frequencies of each of the SNPs were compared between two groups. It was found that the allele frequencies of CYP 1A1*1, *2A, *2B, and *4 were not different between cases and controls. CYP 3A4*1B allele frequency was only 0.8% and 0.9% in ALL and controls, respectively. CYP 3A5*1/*1, *1/*3, and *3/*3 genotype frequencies showed no statistically significant difference between patients and controls. CYP 3A5*6 was not detected in our population. The GSTM1 null genotype was significantly increased in children with ALL (OR 1.7; 95% CI, 1.0, 2.7). In contrast, the GSTT1 null genotype did not show this effect. Our data thus demonstrate that the GSTM1 null genotype might increase the risk of childhood ALL in a Thai population. Am. J. Hematol. 79:202–205, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ultraviolet‐radiation‐induced graft copolymerization of methyl acrylate onto the sodium salt of partially carboxymethylated guar gum
Authors: Thaker M. D. , Trivedi H. C. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractIn an attempt to modify the sodium salt of partially carboxymethylated guar gum (Na‐PCMGG; degree of substitution = 0.291), we studied the ultraviolet‐radiation‐induced graft copolymerization of methyl acrylate with ceric ammonium nitrate as a photoinitiator. The influence of the grafting yield was studied as a function of the different reaction parameters, and the optimum reaction conditions for photografting were determined. The various reaction parameters included the photoinitiator, nitric acid, and monomer (methyl acrylate) concentrations, the reaction time, the temperature, and the amount of the substrate. A kinetic scheme for photografting copolymerization was proposed, and the results were in good agreement with the kinetic scheme. The graft copolymerization of methyl acrylate onto Na‐PCMGG (degree of substitution = 0291) in the presence and absence of ultraviolet radiation was also carried out for the study of the efficiency of the photoinitiator. The influence of carboxymethyl groups added to the guar gum molecule on its behavior toward ultraviolet‐radiation‐induced grafting with methyl acrylate was also investigated. The evidence of photografting was ascertained with IR spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy techniques. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 97: 1977–1986, 2005
Synthesis and properties of poly(ether nitrile sulfone) copolymers with pendant methyl groups
Authors: Saxena Akanksha , Sadhana R. , Rao V. Lakshmana , Ravindran P. V. , Ninan K. N. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractPoly(ether nitrile) and poly(ether nitrile sulfone) copolymers with pendant methyl groups were prepared by the nucleophilic substitution reaction of 2,6′‐dichlorobenzonitrile with methyl hydroquinone and with varying mole proportions of methyl hydroquinone and 4,4′‐dihydroxydiphenylsulfone using N‐methyl pyrrolidone as a solvent in the presence of anhydrous K2CO3. The polymers were characterized by different physicochemical techniques. Copolymer composition was determined using the FTIR technique. Thermogravimetric data revealed that all polymers were stable up to 420°C with a char yield above 40% at 900°C in a nitrogen atmosphere. The glass‐transition temperature increased and the activation energy and inherent viscosities decreased with an increase in the concentration of the 4,4′‐dihydroxydiphenylsulfone units in the polymer. Trimerization reactions were favorable with an increase in the concentration of methyl hydroquinone units in the polymer. The crystallinity of the polymer was also studied using wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 97: 1987–1994, 2005
Time–temperature superposition principle applied to a kenaf‐fiber/high‐density polyethylene composite
Authors: Tajvidi Mehdi , Falk Robert H. , Hermanson John C. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe time–temperature superposition principle was applied to the viscoelastic properties of a kenaf‐fiber/high‐density polyethylene (HDPE) composite, and its validity was tested. With a composite of 50% kenaf fibers, 48% HDPE, and 2% compatibilizer, frequency scans from a dynamic mechanical analyzer were performed in the range of 0.1–10 Hz at five different temperatures. Twelve‐minute creep tests were also performed at the same temperatures. Creep data were modeled with a simple two‐parameter power‐law model. Frequency isotherms were shifted horizontally and vertically along the frequency axis, and master curves were constructed. The resulting master curves were compared with an extrapolated creep model and a 24‐h creep test. The results indicated that the composite material was thermorheologically complex, and a single horizontal shift was not adequate to predict the long‐term performance of the material. This information will be useful for the eventual development of an engineering methodology for creep necessary for the design of structural building products from these composites. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 97: 1995–2004, 2005
Microemulsion polymerization kinetics and mechanisms
Authors: Chern Chorng‐Shyan , Tang Hsiu‐Jung 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe mechanisms of microemulsion polymerizations stabilized by sodium dodecyl sulfate in combination with pentanol were investigated with a water‐insoluble dye as the probe. The major parameters chosen for study were the types of initiators [water‐soluble sodium persulfate (SPS) vs oil‐soluble 2,2′‐azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN)] and the polarity of the monomers [relatively hydrophobic styrene (ST) vs relatively hydrophilic methyl methacrylate (MMA)]. Both continuous particle nucleation and limited particle flocculation had a significant influence on the polymerization kinetics. For the polymerizations investigated in this work, the relatively low initiation efficiency of AIBN resulted in a reaction system showing a quite different particle nucleation mechanism than that of the ST polymerization with SPS. The formation of particle nuclei in water was suppressed to some extent, and microemulsion droplet nucleation predominated in the ST polymerization initiated by AIBN. Homogeneous nucleation played an important role, and a mixed mode of particle nucleation (microemulsion droplet nucleation and homogeneous nucleation) was operative in the MMA polymerization. The MMA polymerization experienced stronger particle flocculation than its ST counterpart. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 97: 2005–2013, 2005
Mechanical properties of biodegradable composites from poly lactic acid (PLA) and microcrystalline cellulose (MCC)
Authors: Mathew Aji P. , Oksman Kristiina , Sain Mohini 
Published: June 2005

AbstractBiodegradable composites were prepared using microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) as the reinforcement and polylactic acid (PLA) as a matrix. PLA is polyester of lactic acid and MCC is cellulose derived from high quality wood pulp by acid hydrolysis to remove the amorphous regions. The composites were prepared with different MCC contents, up to 25 wt %, and wood flour (WF) and wood pulp (WP) were used as reference materials. Generally, the MCC/PLA composites showed lower mechanical properties compared to the reference materials. The dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) showed that the storage modulus was increased with the addition of MCC. The X‐ray diffraction (XRD) studies on the materials showed that the composites were less crystalline than the pure components. However, the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) study of materials showed that the MCC was remaining as aggregates of crystalline cellulose fibrils, which explains the poor mechanical properties. Furthermore, the fracture surfaces of MCC composites were indicative of poor adhesion between MCC and the PLA matrix. Biodegradation studies in compost soil at 58°C showed that WF composites have better biodegradability compared to WP and MCC composites. The composite performances are expected to improve by separation of the cellulose aggregates to microfibrils and with improved adhesion. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 97: 2014–2025, 2005
Synthesis of antibacterial polypropylene film with surface immobilized polyvinylpyrrolidone‐iodine complex
Authors: Xing Chang‐Min , Deng Jian‐Ping , Yang Wan‐Tai 
Published: June 2005

AbstractA novel antibacterial material with surface immobilized polyvinylpyrrolidone‐iodine complex was synthesized facilely by a two‐step approach. First, N‐vinylpyrrolidone (NVP) was photografted onto polymeric substrates, and subsequently the surface‐grafted polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) underwent complexation of iodine. In the UV‐induced photografting process, PVP was efficiently grafted onto the polypropylene (PP) film surface by a unique film interlayer photopolymerization (FIP) technique; the grafting yield (Yg) could be controlled by varying the irradiation time or the monomer concentration. Further, we demonstrated that the grafted PVP chains could readily perform the complexation reaction with iodine as the homopolymer PVP does, which was characterized by UV–vis spectroscopy. The antibacterial activity of the modified polymer against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans was investigated. The results show that the modified PP film with surface‐immobilized PVP‐I complex has a desirable antibacterial property, with broad spectrum and high efficiency. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 97: 2026–2031, 2005
Plastic behavior of glassy polymers: Experimental and theoretical description based on three different approximations
Authors: Pandermarakis Z. G. , Spathis G. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThree different models were used for the description of viscoelastic, yielding, and hardening stages of the mechanical behavior of a network polymer. As a representative response we get unidirectional loading test at a wide range of strain rates with the appearance of a distinct yielding point, strain softening, and strain hardening. The present analysis shows that Rubin's kinematics formulation appears to have some benefits in contrast to the other two approximations. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 97: 2032–2046, 2005
Thermal decomposition of fluoropolymers and firing characteristics of priming compositions with fluoropolymers
Authors: Lee Jinn‐Shing 
Published: June 2005

AbstractMany pyrotechnics contain binders, such as nitrocellulose, Viton, and other plastics and elastomers. Most pyrotechnics are prepared by the dispersion of fuel/oxidizer ingredients in a liquid solution, which are then mixed well to form pyrotechnics. The thermal decomposition behavior of a binder is very important to pyrotechnics in a polymer. In this work, the thermal decomposition behaviors of three fluoropolymers have been investigated with differential thermal analysis/thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry. The parameters concerning decomposition have been evaluated with a nonisothermal technique, and a suitable binder is suggested for the Zr/KClO4 priming mixture. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 97: 2054–2059, 2005
Experimental and computational investigation of EVOH/clay nanocomposites
Authors: Aleperstein D. , Artzi N. , Siegmann A. , Narkis M. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractEthylene–vinyl alcohol copolymer (EVOH)/organoclay nanocomposites were prepared via a dynamic melt‐intercalation process. The effect of compatibilizers on the melt blending torque, intercalation level, and morphology of EVOH/organoclay systems was investigated. Maleic anhydride grafted ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA‐g‐ MA), or maleic anhydride grafted linear low‐density polyethylene (LLDPE‐g‐MA), were used to compatibilize EVOH with clay, at various concentrations (1, 5, and 10 wt %). Computer‐simulation techniques are used to predict structural properties and interactions of EVOH with compatibilizers in the presence and absence of clay. The simulation results strongly support the experimental findings and their interpretation. X‐ray diffraction shows enhanced intercalation within the galleries when the compatibilizers were added. Interestingly, results were obtained for the EVOH/clay/compatibilizer systems, owing to a high level of interaction developed in these systems. Thermal analysis shows that, upon increasing the compatibilizer content, lower crystallinity levels result, until at a certain compatibilizer content no crystallization is taking place. Significantly higher mixing viscosity levels were obtained for the EVOH/organoclay blends compared with the neat EVOH polymer. The storage modulus was higher compared with the uncompatibilized EVOH/organoclay blend in the presence of EVA‐g‐MA compatibilizer (at all concentrations), and only at low contents of LLDPE‐g‐MA. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 97: 2060–2066, 2005
Synthesis and coordination of oxyquinolyl end‐functionalized polystyrene by atom transfer radical polymerization
Authors: Guo Xiang , Lu Jianmei , Li Hua , Yao Shechun , Wang Lihua 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe end‐functionalized polystyrene is synthesized by a new initiator, 5‐chloromethyl‐8‐hydroxyquinoline (5‐ClCH2Q), via atom transfer radical polymerization. The existence of the oxyquinoline group on the chain end was confirmed by 1H‐NMR. The polymers can be easily changed into films with good fluorescence property and nonlinear third‐order optical property. Coordinating the oxyquinoline group with Eu3+ and La3+, the fluorescent intensity and third‐order nonlinear optical coefficient will be enhanced much more. The proportion of the oxyquinoline group coordinating and rare‐earth metal is 3:2 determined by titrimetric analysis. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 97: 2067–2071, 2005
The synthesis of copolymer–Cu coordinates and its catalysis to methyl methacrylate
Authors: Lu Jianmei , Wu Jianfei , Wang Lihua , Yao Shechun 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe copolymerization of methacrylic acid, 2‐(dimethylamino) ethyl ester (DM), and allythiourea (AT) was studied under microwave, and the copolymer–copper coordinates Cu‐P(DM‐Co‐AT) was synthesized by the coordination between Cu2+ and the copolymer. IR, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and electronic spin resonance were used to analyze the structure of Cu‐P(DM‐Co‐AT). The results showed that the inherent viscosity of the copolymer obtained by microwave irradiation can be the maximum of 37.75 ml/g, and the productive rate can be 92%. The obtained Cu‐P(DM‐Co‐AT) can heterogeneously catalyze the polymerization of methyl methacrylate at room temperature. The maximal molecular weight of poly(methyl methacrylate) was 1,400,000. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 97: 2072–2075, 2005
Electrocopolymerization kinetics of a binary mixture of 3‐chloroaniline 2‐amino‐4‐phenylthiazole and characterization of the obtained block copolymer films
Authors: Sayyah S. M. , Abd EL‐Rehim S. S. , EL‐Deeb M. M 
Published: June 2005

AbstractElectrocopolymerization of a binary mixture of 3‐chloroaniline and 2‐amino‐4‐phenylthiazole on platinum electrode in acid medium was carried out under different reaction conditions such as temperature, current density, hydrochloric acid, and monomer concentrations with duration time. The initial rate of the electrocopolymerization reaction on platinum electrode is small and the rate law is Rp = K2 [D]1.29[HCl]0.97[M]1.94. The apparent activation energy is found to be 38.87 kJ/mol. The obtained copolymer film is characterized by 1H‐NMR, elemental analysis, GPC IR, UV‐visible, and cyclic voltammetry and compared with those of the two homopolymers. The mechanism of the electrocopolymerization reaction is also discussed and the monomer reactivity ratio (r1and r2) is calculated. The thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) is used to confirm the proposed structure and determination of the number of water molecules in the polymeric chain unit. X‐ray and scanning electron microscopic analysis are used to investigate the surface morphology. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 97: 2076–2087, 2005