bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Orthopedic Surgery Transfusion Hemoglobin European Overview (OSTHEO) study: blood management in elective knee and hip arthroplasty in Europe*
Authors: Rosencher Nadia , Kerkkamp Hans E.M. , Macheras G. , Munuera L.M. , Menichella G. , Barton David M. , Cremers Saskia , Abraham Ivo L. , For The OSTHEO Investigation  
Published: December 2004

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to assess current practices in blood management in elective orthopedic surgery in Europe. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: For this 225‐center prospective survey, data were collected on 3996 patients. Actual perioperative blood loss was compared to preoperative estimates. Differences in Hb levels and other outcome variables for patients receiving allogeneic versus autologous transfusions were evaluated. The probability of allogeneic transfusion based on selected predictor variables was estimated. RESULTS: A total of 2640 (67%) hip and 1305 (33%) knee arthroplasty patients were evaluated. Estimated blood loss (median, 750 mL) was significantly lower than computed blood loss (median, 1944 mL). A total of 2762 (69%) patients received transfusions, including 1393 (35%) autologous‐only and 1024 (25%) allogeneic‐only. The probability of allogeneic transfusion decreased with increasing baseline Hb, but differentially so for men and women. Transfusion triggers were Hb levels of 8.93 ± 1.83 g per dL for allogeneic transfusions, and 21 percent of these occurred when the Hb level was greater than 10 g per dL. Autologous blood transfusion was associated with a significantly lower rate (1%) of wound infections than allogeneic blood transfusion (4.2%). CONCLUSION: Accurate assessment of preoperative Hb levels, better estimation of perioperative blood loss, efficient use of autologous blood, adherence to transfusion guidelines, and pharmacologic alternatives contribute to effective and comprehensive blood and anemia management.
Frozen preoperative autologous blood donation for heart transplantation at the Mayo Clinic from 1988 to 1999
Authors: Fontaine Magali J. , Winters Jeffrey L. , Moore S. Breanndan , McGregor Christopher G.A. , Santrach Paula J. 
Published: December 2004

BACKGROUND: Preoperative autologous blood donation (PABD) has been used to reduce the need for allogeneic RBC transfusion, decreasing risk and conserving supply. A frozen PABD program for heart transplant patients was instituted at the Mayo Clinic in 1988, but participation has steadily declined. The aims of this study were to determine how the availability of PABD influenced the transfusion RBC components, whether the availability of PABD reduced exposure to allogeneic RBC components, and the costs of providing PABD units. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: A retrospective review of all heart transplant cases from 1988 to 1999 was performed (n = 141). Data on collection and transfusion practices were compared for patients with (n = 88, 62%) and without PABD (n = 53, 38%). RESULTS: Total RBC transfusion requirements did not differ between the groups. Patients with frozen PABD received fewer allogeneic units, but they also had less blood salvaged and reinfused. Twenty patients (23%) completely avoided exposure to allogeneic RBCs in the PABD group versus three patients (6%) in the group without PABD. Although patients in the PABD group successfully donated a total of 423 units, 41 percent were discarded. Over 11 years, the need for 251 units of allogeneic RBCs was avoided ($27,610), but $283,500 was spent to have the frozen PABD units available. CONCLUSION: PABD can be performed for heart transplantation, but it is expensive.
Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura after cephalosporin administration: a possible relationship
Authors: Baron Beverly W. , Van Besien Koen , Hoffman Philip C. , Kohn Orly F. , Rossof Arthur H. , Baron Joseph M. 
Published: December 2004

BACKGROUND:  Acquired thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is an autoimmune disorder. The pathogenesis is believed to be mediated by an autoantibody directed against the metalloproteinase responsible for the degradation of the very‐high‐molecular‐weight multimers of the vWF. The syndrome can be precipitated by a variety of conditions, and certain medications also have been implicated.CASE REPORTS:  The cases of two patients who took a cephalosporin antibiotic, cephalexin (Keflex, Eli Lilly), and then developed TTP are reported. One patient subsequently received a third‐generation cephalosporin, ceftriaxone (Rocephin, Roche), without adverse reaction. Of interest, one patient had taken cefaclor (Ceclor, Eli Lilly) 8 years before and had also developed TTP at that time. The other patient also took cefaclor for approximately 3 weeks before taking cephalexin. In addition, she had had a dose of clarithromycin (Biaxin, Abbott Laboratories) the day before the onset of the TTP symptoms.CONCLUSIONS:  To our knowledge, TTP has not been reported previously after administration of cephalosporin antibiotics. Attention is called to the possibility that this syndrome may occur after exposure to some of these drugs, although the incidence is very rare or, alternatively, underdiagnosed.
A 10‐week randomized trial comparing eccentric vs. concentric hamstring strength training in well‐trained soccer players
Authors: Mjølsnes Roald , Arnason Arni , østhagen Tor , Raastad Truls , Bahr Roald 
Published: December 2004

Purpose:  To compare the effects of a 10‐week training program with two different exercises – traditional hamstring curl (HC) and Nordic hamstrings (NH), a partner exercise focusing the eccentric phase – on muscle strength among male soccer players.Methods:  Subjects were 21 well‐trained players who were randomized to NH training (n=11) or HC training (n=10). The programs were similar, with a gradual increase in the number of repetitions from two sets of six reps to three sets of eight to 12 reps over 4 weeks, and then increasing load during the final 6 weeks of training. Strength was measured as maximal torque on a Cybex dynamometer before and after the training period.Results:  In the NH group, there was an 11% increase in eccentric hamstring torque measured at 60° s−1, as well as a 7% increase in isometric hamstring strength at 90°, 60° and 30° of knee flexion. Since there was no effect on concentric quadriceps strength, there was a significant increase in the hamstrings:quadriceps ratio from 0.89±0.12 to 0.98±0.17 (11%) in the NH group. No changes were observed in the HC group.Conclusion:  NH training for 10 weeks more effectively develops maximal eccentric hamstring strength in well‐trained soccer players than a comparable program based on traditional HC.
Out on a Limb on Our Own: Uncertainty and Doubt in Moving from Subject-Centered to Interdisciplinary Teaching
Authors: Meister Denise G. , Nolan Jim 
Published: December 2004

This paper describes and interprets how five teachers of high school freshmen defined and made meaning of a change process in which they were involved. The restructuring initiative, which was administratively imposed, involved teaming, interdisciplinary teaching, and block scheduling. The study took place during the 1st year of implementation, 6 months after the team had received the mandate and prepared for the restructuring. The tools of inquiry included the following methods: (a) analysis of three in-depth phenomenological interviews, (b) participation observation, and (c) analyses of documents such as minutes from team meetings and curriculum planning sessions. Although several interrelated themes emerged, uncertainty and doubt became the pervading theme that had a critical and sometimes debilitating effect on the teaching team's ability to move from subject-based to interdisciplinary teaching. This uncertainty and doubt was magnified and perpetuated because of the deficit model utilized to implement the initiative: lack of teacher input into decision to restructure, the school's history of adopting trends, lack of professional development, lack of a written curriculum, lack of administrative leadership, and the pull between loyalty to subject and allegiance to team.
Social Policy in South Korea: Cultural and Structural Factors in the Emergence of Welfare
Authors: Shin Chang‐sik , Shaw Ian 
Published: December 2004

Abstract There are a number of features that make South Korea an interesting place to study social policy. First, it has experienced rapid economic development with the associated changes in urbanization and demography. This change has created social problems, which the state has had to address. Second, the country retains a strong cultural tradition and repeated affirmation of the values and practices of Confucianism. In this paper, these two features are considered in relation to the way social policy has been addressed. The thrust of the paper will be on the policy responses to perceived social problems and the way in which other social problems are individualized within families. These policies are informed and shaped by Korean politics and culture.
Health Policy in the Asian NIEs
Authors: Ramesh M. 
Published: December 2004

Abstract This paper compares the health policies of Hong Kong, South Korea, Singapore and Taiwan with the purpose of drawing policy lessons. The study finds two distinct policy clusters: Hong Kong and Singapore on the one hand, and Korea and Taiwan on the other. With respect to provision of health care, the former rely largely on public hospitals for delivering inpatient care while the latter rely on private hospitals. In matters of financing, they are similar in that out‐of‐pocket is a major source of financing in all four countries. However, they are also different because Korea and Taiwan have universal health insurance while the city states do not. The study concludes that public provision of hospital care, as in Hong Kong and Singapore, yields more favourable outcomes than many mainstream economists would have us believe. Conversely, private provision in combination with social insurance, as found in Korea and Taiwan, severely undermines efforts to contain health care costs.
Choice of Parametric Models in Survival Analysis: Applications to Monotherapy for Epilepsy and Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Kwong G. P. S. , Hutton J. L. 
Published: December 2004

SummaryIn the analysis of medical survival data, semiparametric proportional hazards models are widely used. When the proportional hazards assumption is not tenable, these models will not be suitable. Other models for covariate effects can be useful. In particular, we consider accelerated life models, in which the effect of covariates is to scale the quantiles of the base-line distribution. Solomon and Hutton have suggested that there is some robustness to misspecification of survival regression models. They showed that the relative importance of covariates is preserved under misspecification with assumptions of small coefficients and orthogonal transformation of covariates. We elucidate these results by applications to data from five trials which compare two common anti-epileptic drugs (carbamazepine versus sodium valporate monotherapy for epilepsy) and to survival of a cohort of people with cerebral palsy. Results on the robustness against model misspecification depend on the assumptions of small coefficients and on the underlying distribution of the data. These results hold in cerebral palsy but do not hold in epilepsy data which have early high hazard rates. The orthogonality of coefficients is not important. However, the choice of model is important for an estimation of the magnitude of effects, particularly if the base-line shape parameter indicates high initial hazard rates.
Analysing State Dependences in Emotional Experiences by Dynamic Count Data Models
Authors: Böckenholt Ulf 
Published: December 2004

SummaryThe paper presents a multilevel framework for the analysis of multivariate count data that are observed over several time periods for a random sample of individuals. The approach proposed facilitates studying observed and unobserved sources of dependences among the event categories in the presence of possibly higher order autoregressive effects. In an investigation of the relationships between pleasant and unpleasant emotional experiences and the personality traits neuroticism and extraversion over time, we find that the two personality factors are related to both the mean rates of the emotional experiences and their carry-over effects. Respondents with high neuroticism scores not only reported more unpleasant than pleasant emotional experiences but also exhibited higher carry-over effects for unpleasant than for pleasant emotions. In contrast, respondents with high extraversion scores reported fewer anxiety and more euphoria emotions than respondents with low extraversion scores with weaker carry-over effects for both pleasant and unpleasant emotions.
Transcript level of erythroid differentiation‐related factor, a candidate surrogate marker for transmissible spongiform encephalopathy diseases in blood, shows a broad range of variation in healthy individuals
Authors: Glock Barbara , Winter Maya , Rennhofer Simone O. , Brunhölzl Elisabeth , Tröscher Doris , Reisacher Rosemarie B.K. , Mayr Wolfgang R. 
Published: December 2004

BACKGROUND: In 2001, it was demonstrated that the expression of the erythroid differentiation‐related factor (EDRF) is reduced in lymphatic tissues of rodents and cattle as well as in whole blood of sheep that suffer from transmissible spongiform encephalopathy.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: To determine whether the normal range of EDRF expression varies in healthy individuals, mRNA levels were measured in whole blood samples from 106 healthy blood donors by quantitative real‐time RT‐PCR. Furthermore, the correlations of transcript levels with individual physical characteristics were analyzed. In addition, EDRF expression was examined in total RNA samples from a lymph node and the intestine.RESULTS: The data show that EDRF mRNA levels in healthy persons vary within a total range of 2 log units as well as they display a weak correlation with body height. Furthermore, it was found that EDRF is also expressed in lymph nodes and the intestine.CONCLUSION: Owing to its broad range of variation, measuring the EDRF expression does not seem to be a good surrogate marker, unless an altered expression is distinctively different from the varying level in healthy humans.
Kinetics of G–CSF and CD34+ cell mobilization after once or twice daily stimulation with rHu granulocyte‐stimulating factor (lenograstim) in healthy volunteers: an intraindividual crossover study
Authors: Kröger Nicolaus , Sonnenberg Stefan , Cortes‐Dericks Lourdes , Freiberger Petra , Mollnau Hanke , Zander Axel R. 
Published: December 2004

BACKGROUND:  G–CSF given as split dose increased the harvested number of CD34+ cells in comparison to a once daily schedule, but the mechanism is poorly understood.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS:  To investigate the schedule dependency of G–CSF in healthy volunteers with respect to CD34+ cell mobilization, the same dose of G–CSF was applied in four healthy volunteers in two different schedules (once daily vs. split doses twice daily) in a crossover design after a washout period of 3 months. CD34+ cell kinetics in serum were determined as well as G–CSF serum kinetics on Days 1 and 4 after stimulation.RESULTS:  In all volunteers, the twice daily schedule led to a higher CD34+ cell count after 4 days of G–CSF stimulation (median, 94.5 vs. 47/µL; p = 0.05). On Days 1 and 4, there was a higher peak serum concentration of G–CSF serum level after the once daily application (15,175 vs. 6,859 pg/mL and 7440 vs. 2388 pg/mL, respectively) than after the twice daily schedule. In contrast, after the once daily application the minimum serum level of G–CSF serum level was lower than after the twice daily schedule (663 vs. 1361 pg/mL and 246 vs. 441 pg/mL, respectively). No difference of area under the curve for G–CSF was observed on Days 1 and 4 after G–CSF stimulation.CONCLUSION:  It is suggested that application of G–CSF twice daily leads to a higher CD34+ cell mobilization owing to a higher minimum serum level and therefore to a more continuous serum baseline level resulting in a more efficient CD34+ cell mobilization.
Clinical significance of nondiscriminated reactive results with the Chiron Procleix HIV‐1 and HCV assay
Authors: McAuley Joan D. , Caglioti Sally , Williams Robert C. , Robertson Gene F. , Morgan Larry , Tobler Leslie H. , Busch Michael P. 
Published: December 2004

BACKGROUND:  A NAT was developed (Procleix multiplex, Chiron Corporation) to simultaneously detect HIV‐1 and HCV RNA with multiplex transcription‐mediated amplification (mTMA) on pooled or single donations. HIV‐1 and/or HCV RNA discriminatory probes confirm infection and discriminate the virus type. When a multiplex reactive sample does not react in discriminatory assays, the result is considered nondiscriminated reactive (NDR) and the donor status is uncertain. This study was designed to determine the clinical significance of NDR results.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS:  Three years of donor NAT and serology results were reviewed to determine HCV and HIV‐1 infection rates as well as NDR events. Index NDR and seronegative donations were retested by mTMA and serology. Follow‐up samples were tested by serology, mTMA, and PCR (selected samples).RESULTS:  From April 1999 through April 2002, 5.1 million donations were screened with Procleix HIV‐1 and HCV mTMA. The observed NDR rate declined from 0.014 percent (1 in 7242) to 0.0053 percent (1 in 18,795). None of the 462 donors with index NDR donations and additional NAT and serology data (from 724 donation and follow‐up samples) were found infected.CONCLUSION:  In most NDRs, the original mTMA reactivity is not reproducible and likely related to technical errors (mTMA cross‐contamination). The retest and clinical follow‐up data, combined with published evidence that the two discriminatory assays have the same sensitivity as multiplex HIV‐1 and HCV, support the recommendation that donors with an NDR result for whom the multiplex reactivity cannot be reproduced should either not be notified or be deferred or should be counseled that they are not infected and expeditiously reinstated.
Kaolinitic meniscus bridges as an indicator of early diagenesis in Nubian sandstones, Sinai, Egypt
Authors: Du Bernard Xavier , Carrio‐Schaffhauser Elisabeth 
Published: December 2004

AbstractCharacteristic meniscus geometries formed by kaolinitic infiltration are observed in Nubian sandstones collected on the western coast of the Sinai Peninsula (Egypt). Based on petrographic and scanning electron microscope (SEM) observations, the kaolinite forming the menisci consists of mixed‐size discrete platelets that gather into the corners around the framework grain‐to‐grain contacts. Specifically, the internal fabric of menisci indicates a general organizing trend from (1) the centre, where the platelets coat the framework grains; (2) to the peripheral zone, where they are oriented tangentially to grain surfaces; (3) to the pore linings with curvatures that are consistent with theoretical considerations of air–water interfaces. This typical arrangement suggests a detrital origin of kaolinite platelets by mechanical infiltration into sediments lying above the tablewater, in vadose conditions. This type of clay cementation occurring during early diagenesis can prevent (delay) deep burial diagenetic processes and therefore preserve excellent reservoir properties.
On steady homogeneous sand–water flows in a vertical conduit
Authors: Gallo F. , Woods A. W. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractIn this paper, an idealized model of the steady‐state phase of the flow in a vertical conduit leading to a sand volcano eruption is developed from first principles. The model assumes that a sand–water mixture flows upwards, driven by an overpressure at the base of a vertical cylindrical conduit (or a two‐dimensional fracture) and opposed by gravity, viscous resistance and turbulent drag. The conditions for flow are analysed in detail, and the mechanisms controlling the eruption rates are studied quantitatively. The flow predictions are in accordance with our observations of analogous vigorous sand eruptions at deepwater oil fields. For sufficiently high flow velocities (u > 10uT) and small sand fractions (s < 0·2), the flow may be well mixed and homogeneous. If these conditions are not met, the flow may either become two phase or does not develop. Combining geological considerations with the steady homogeneous model, it is possible to predict the behaviour of the vigorous quasi‐steady stage of a sand volcano eruption. It is shown that, based on the average density of the overlying sediments, there are a range of overpressures for which sand volcanoes may develop.
Supply limited sediment transport in a high‐discharge event of the tropical Burdekin River, North Queensland, Australia
Authors: Amos Kathryn J. , Alexander Jan , Horn Anthony , Pocock Geoff D. , Fielding Chris R. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractInteractions between catchment variables and sediment transport processes in rivers are complex, and sediment transport behaviour during high‐flow events is not well documented. This paper presents an investigation into sediment transport processes in a short‐duration, high‐discharge event in the Burdekin River, a large sand‐ and gravel‐bed river in the monsoon‐ and cyclone‐influenced, semi‐arid tropics of north Queensland. The Burdekin's discharge is highly variable and strongly seasonal, with a recorded maximum of 40 400 m3 s−1. Sediment was sampled systematically across an 800 m wide, 12 m deep and straight reach using Helley‐Smith bedload and US P‐61 suspended sediment samplers over 16 days of a 29‐day discharge event in February and March 2000 (peak 11 155 m3 s−1). About 3·7 × 106 tonnes of suspended sediment and 3 × 105 tonnes of bedload are estimated to have been transported past the sample site during the flow event. The sediment load was predominantly supply limited. Wash load included clay, silt and very fine sand. The concentration of suspended bed material (including very coarse sand) varied with bedload transport rate, discharge and height above the bed. Bedload transport rate and changes in channel shape were greatest several days after peak discharge. Comparison between these data and sparse published data from other events on this river shows that the control on sediment load varies between supply limited and hydraulically limited transport, and that antecedent weather is an important control on suspended sediment concentration. Neither the empirical relationships widely used to estimate suspended sediment concentrations and bedload (e.g. Ackers & White, 1973) nor observations of sediment transport characteristics in ephemeral streams (e.g. Reid & Frostick, 1987) are directly applicable to this river.