bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
3D convolutional neural networks uncover modality-specific brain-imaging predictors for Alzheimer’s disease sub-scores
Authors: Ning Kaida , Cannon Pascale B. , Yu Jiawei , Shenoi Srinesh , Wang Lu ,   Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, Sarkar Joydeep 
Published: February 2024

AbstractDifferent aspects of cognitive functions are affected in patients with Alzheimer’s disease. To date, little is known about the associations between features from brain-imaging and individual Alzheimer’s disease (AD)-related cognitive functional changes. In addition, how these associations differ among different imaging modalities is unclear. Here, we trained and investigated 3D convolutional neural network (CNN) models that predicted sub-scores of the 13-item Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale–Cognitive Subscale (ADAS–Cog13) based on MRI and FDG–PET brain-imaging data. Analysis of the trained network showed that each key ADAS–Cog13 sub-score was associated with a specific set of brain features within an imaging modality. Furthermore, different association patterns were observed in MRI and FDG–PET modalities. According to MRI, cognitive sub-scores were typically associated with structural changes of subcortical regions, including amygdala, hippocampus, and putamen. Comparatively, according to FDG–PET, cognitive functions were typically associated with metabolic changes of cortical regions, including the cingulated gyrus, occipital cortex, middle front gyrus, precuneus cortex, and the cerebellum. These findings brought insights into complex AD etiology and emphasized the importance of investigating different brain-imaging modalities.
Examining the influence of thermal effects on solar cells: a comprehensive review
Authors: Shaker Lina M. , Al-Amiery Ahmed A. , Hanoon Mahdi M. , Al-Azzawi Waleed K. , Kadhum Abdul Amir H. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractSolar energy has emerged as a pivotal player in the transition towards sustainable and renewable power sources. However, the efficiency and longevity of solar cells, the cornerstone of harnessing this abundant energy source, are intrinsically linked to their operating temperatures. This comprehensive review delves into the intricate relationship between thermal effects and solar cell performance, elucidating the critical role that temperature plays in the overall efficacy of photovoltaic systems. The primary objective of this review is to provide a comprehensive examination of how temperature influences solar cells, with a focus on its impact on efficiency, voltage, current output, and overall stability. By synthesizing existing knowledge and exploring recent advances in the field, we aim to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of thermal effects and offer insights into mitigating their adverse consequences. Our review encompasses a thorough discussion of the fundamentals of solar cells, including their operation and various types, before delving into the intricacies of thermal effects. We present an overview of experimental techniques for thermal analysis, factors influencing temperature variations, and strategies to alleviate thermal stresses. Additionally, we offer real-world case studies and discuss future trends and research directions, providing a comprehensive roadmap for advancing solar cell technology. In an era where the harnessing of solar energy has become increasingly vital, understanding and addressing thermal effects are imperative to maximize the efficiency and longevity of solar cells. This review article serves as a valuable resource for researchers, engineers, and policymakers by shedding light on the significance of thermal effects on solar cell performance and guiding the pursuit of innovative solutions in the quest for more efficient and sustainable photovoltaic systems.
Echoes through time: amazing inferences from a fossil bat
Authors: Greville Lucas J. S. , Hou Lily , Kumbhani Harry A. W. , Nogueira e Figueira Beatriz , Vanderwolf Karen J. , Leys Ryan A. C. , Sivatheesan Mathumy , Pianta Thomas P. , McGuire Liam P. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractSister to the Chiroptera crown-clade, the 50 million year old Vielasia sigei is suggested to have used laryngeal echolocation based on morphometric analyses. We discuss how Vielasia’s discovery influences our understanding of the evolution of echolocation in bats and the insights fossils provide to the lives of extinct species.
Optical coherence tomography detection of retinal neural loss in patients with tuberous sclerosis
Authors: Dias Paula Basso , Linhares Anna Carolina Badotti , Urzedo Ana Barbara Dias Lopes , Preti Rony Carlos , Zacharias Leandro Cabral , Cunha Leonardo Provetti , Monteiro Mário Luiz Ribeiro , Hokazono Kenzo 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Tuberous Sclerosis (TS) is a rare, multisystem genetic disease caused by mutations in the TSC1 and TSC2 genes, leading to abnormalities in cell differentiation and proliferation. This study aimed to evaluate the neural integrity of individuals with TS by using Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) to examine the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness and the macular thickness in patients with TS and to compare with healthy controls.

Methods
Peripapillary and macular OCT scans (Optopol Revo NX SD OCT) were performed on 41 eyes from 22 TS patients, divided into two groups based on the presence of retinal hamartomas, and compared to 20 eyes from a control group. The average peripapillary RNFL thickness was measured for each quadrant. The macular total thickness and ganglion cell layer (GCL) + inner plexiform layer (IPL) thickness were measured based on the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) map. All measurements were then compared between the groups and controls.

Results
The TS group showed significantly reduced RNFL thickness and macular thickness when compared to the control group. Specifically, patients with retinal hamartomas exhibited an even more pronounced thinning of both RNFL and macular thickness.

Conclusions
These findings suggest that TS patients undergo significant changes in retinal neurodevelopment and experience axonal loss. This finding may have significant prognostic utility regarding central nervous system degeneration in TS, particularly among patients with retinal hamartomas. OCT may serve as a valuable tool for assessing axonal structural abnormalities in TS patients.
Trial Registration Number: Not applicable.
Development assistance, donor–recipient dynamic, and domestic policy: a case study of two health interventions supported by World Bank–UK and Global Fund in China
Authors: Huang Aidan , Zhao Yingxi , Cao Chunkai , Lyu Mohan , Tang Kun 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
This study views sustainability after the exit of development assistance for health (DAH) as a shared responsibility between donors and recipients and sees transitioning DAH-supported interventions into domestic health policy as a pathway to this sustainability. It aims to uncover and understand the reemergent aspects of the donor–recipient dynamic in DAH and how they contribute to formulating domestic health policy and post-DAH sustainability.

Methods
We conducted a case study on two DAH-supported interventions: medical financial assistance in the Basic Health Services Project supported by the World Bank and UK (1998–2007) and civil society engagement in the HIV/AIDS Rolling Continuation Channel supported by the Global Fund (2010–2013) in China. From December 2021 to December 2022, we analyzed 129 documents and interviewed 46 key informants. Our data collection and coding were guided by a conceptual framework based on Walt and Gilson’s health policy analysis model and the World Health Organization’s health system building blocks. We used process tracing for analysis.

Results
According to the collected data, our case study identified three reemergent, interrelated aspects of donor–recipient dynamics: different preferences and compromise, partnership dialogues, and responsiveness to the changing context. In the case of medical financial assistance, the dynamic was characterized by long-term commitment to addressing local needs, on-site mutual learning and understanding, and local expertise cultivation and knowledge generation, enabling proactive responses to the changing context. In contrast, the dynamic in the case of HIV/AIDS civil society engagement marginalized genuine civil society engagement, lacked sufficient dialogue, and exhibited a passive response to the context. These differences led to varying outcomes in transnational policy diffusion and sustainability of DAH-supported interventions between the cases.

Conclusions
Given the similarities in potential alternative factors observed in the two cases, we emphasize the significance of the donor–recipient dynamic in transnational policy diffusion through DAH. The study implies that achieving post-DAH sustainability requires a balance between donor priorities and recipient ownership to address local needs, partnership dialogues for mutual understanding and learning, and collaborative international–domestic expert partnerships to identify and respond to contextual enablers and barriers.
Continuous improvement through differential trajectories of individual minimal disease activity criteria with guselkumab in active psoriatic arthritis: post hoc analysis of a phase 3, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study
Authors: Coates Laura C. , Rahman Proton , Mease Philip J. , Shawi May , Rampakakis Emmanouil , Kollmeier Alexa P. , Xu Xie L. , Chakravarty Soumya D. , McInnes Iain B. , Tam Lai-Shan 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
To explore the trajectory of, and factors contributing to, achievement of individual criteria of minimal disease activity (MDA) in patients with active psoriatic arthritis (PsA) treated with guselkumab.

Methods
The Phase 3, randomized, placebo-controlled DISCOVER-2 study enrolled adults (N = 739) with active PsA despite standard therapies who were biologic/Janus kinase inhibitor-naive. Patients were randomized 1:1:1 to guselkumab 100 mg every 4 weeks; guselkumab 100 mg at week 0, week 4, then every 8 weeks; or placebo. In this post hoc analysis, patients randomized to guselkumab were included and pooled (N = 493). Longitudinal trajectories of achieving each MDA criterion through week 100 were derived using non-responder imputation. Time to achieve each criterion was estimated with Kaplan-Meier analysis. Multivariate regression for time to achieve each criterion (Cox regression) and achievement at week 100 (logistic regression) was used to identify contributing factors.

Results
Continuous improvement across all MDA domains was shown over time. ~70% of patients achieved near remission in swollen joint count (SJC), Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI), and enthesitis through week 100. Median times to achieve individual criteria differed significantly (p < 0.0001), with SJC ≤ 1 (20 weeks), PASI ≤ 1 (16 weeks), and ≤ 1 tender entheses (16 weeks) being faster than patient-reported criteria (pain ≤ 15 mm, patient global assessment of arthritis and psoriasis ≤ 20 mm, Health Assessment Questionnaire-Disability Index ≤ 0.5) and tender joint count ≤ 1. Higher baseline domain scores, older age, worse fatigue, and increased body mass index were significant predictors of longer time to achieve minimal levels of disease activity assessed via patient-reported criteria.

Conclusions
Substantial proportions of guselkumab-treated patients achieved individual MDA criteria, each showing continuous improvement through week 100, although with distinct trajectories. Median times to achieve physician-assessed MDA criteria were significantly faster compared with patient-driven criteria. Identification of modifiable factors affecting the time to achieve patient-reported criteria has the potential to optimize the achievement and sustainability of MDA in the clinic via a multidisciplinary approach to managing PsA, involving both medical and lifestyle interventions.

Trial registration number
NCT03158285.

Trial registration date
May 16, 2017.
Extension of a sharp-interface immersed-boundary method for simulating parachute inflation
Authors: Zhang Yang , Pu Tianmei , Jia He , Wu Shiqing , Zhou Chunhua 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn this work, the sharp-interface immersed boundary (IB) method proposed by Mittal et al. (J Comput Phys 227(10):4825–4852, 2008) is extended to fluid-structure-interaction (FSI) simulation of parachute inflation by utilizing several open-source tools. The method employs a Cartesian-grid ghost-cell methodology to accurately represent the immersed boundary, and it is suitable for solving moving-boundary flows with arbitrarily complex geometries. The finite-element code CalculiX is employed to solve the structural dynamics of the parachute system. The IB flow solver is coupled with CalculiX in a minimally-invasive manner using the multi-physics coupling library preCICE. The implicit fluid-structure coupling together with the Aitken adaptive under-relaxation scheme is considered to improve the numerical accuracy and stability. The developed approach is validated by a benchmark FSI case. Numerical experiments on the inflation process of several typical parachutes are further conducted. The breathing process, flow structure, canopy displacement and drag coefficient are analyzed to demonstrate the applicability of the present approach for simulating parachute inflation.
A modified frailty index predicts complication, readmission, and 30-day mortality following the revision total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Momtaz David , Okpara Shawn , Martinez Armando , Cushing Tucker , Ghali Abdullah , Gonuguntla Rishi , Kotzur Travis , Duruewuru Anthony , Harris Madison , Seifi Ali , Harrington Melvyn 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Introduction
This study aimed to develop a modified frailty index (MFI) to predict the risks of revision total hip arthroplasty (THA).

Methods
Data from the American College of Surgeons - National Surgical Quality Improvement Program were analyzed for patients who underwent revision THA from 2015 to 2020. An MFI was composed of the risk factors, including severe obesity (body mass index > 35), osteoporosis, non-independent function status prior to surgery, congestive heart failure within 30 days of surgery, hypoalbuminemia (serum albumin < 3.5), hypertension requiring medication, type 1 or type 2 diabetes, and a history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or pneumonia. The patients were assigned based on the MFI scores (MFI0, no risk factor; MFI1, 1–2 risk factors; MFI2, 3–4 risk factors; and MFI3, 5+ risk factors). Confidence intervals were set at 95% with a P value less than or equal to 0.05 considered statistically significant.

Results
A total of 17,868 patients (45% male, 55% female) were included and had an average age of 68.5 ± 11.5 years. Odds of any complication, when compared to MFI0, were 1.4 (95% CI [1.3, 1.6]) times greater for MFI1, 3.2 (95% CI [2.8, 3.6]) times greater for MFI2, and 10.8 (95% CI [5.8, 20.0]) times greater for MFI3 (P < 0.001). Odds of readmission, when compared to MFI0, were 1.4 (95% CI [1.3, 1.7]) times greater for MFI1, 2.5 (95% CI [2.1, 3.0]) times greater for MFI2, and 4.1 (95% CI [2.2, 7.8]) times greater for MFI3 (P < 0.001).

Conclusion
Increasing MFI scores correlate with increased odds of complication and readmission in patients who have undergone revision THA. This MFI may be used to predict the risks after revision THA.
Influence of various cooking treatments and extraction solvents on bioactive compounds and antioxidant capacities of bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria) fruit in India
Authors: Yadav Roshanlal , Yadav Baljeet S. , Yadav Ritika 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBottle gourd is a good source of health-beneficial bioactive substances. This research aimed at evaluating the effect of different cooking methods (pressure cooking, microwaving, and frying) and extraction solvents (methanol, ethanol and butanol) on bottle gourd fruit phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity. The quantitative estimation of polyphenolic compounds, flavonoids and tannins was estimated by spectrophotometric methods. The antioxidative properties were evaluated using ferric thiocyanate (FTC), thiobarbituric acid (TBA), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) tests using the standard methods. Moreover, quantification of individual polyphenols was carried out by high-performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) technique. Frying and pressure-cooking thermal treatments were observed to be the best methods for retaining bioactive molecules. When compared to the raw counterpart, the retention level of total phenol content (TPC) in pressure cooked and fried samples was 23.8% and 13.3%, respectively. Similarly, antioxidant capacity in terms of FRAP was observed to increase by 47.26% after pressure cooking and 28.50% after microwave cooking in respect to the raw sample. The HPTLC results showed that this fruit has high antioxidant capacity and is rich in phenolic acid [gallic(17.83 mg g−1dwb), p-coumaric (6.70 mg g−1dwb)and vanillic (60.66 mg g−1dwb] and flavonoids [quercetin (24.64 mg g−1dwb) and myrecetin (20.73 mg g−1dwb].The chromatography indicated destruction and transformation of new phenolic compounds due to heat treatments. The correlation analysis revealed that flavonoids were much more responsible for their antioxidant activity. Cooking methods and extraction solvents affected the retention and recovery of polyphenolic compounds available in bottle gourd fruit.These findings offer valuable information for optimizing cooking techniques to preserve and enhance the nutritional and antioxidant properties of bottle gourd, making it a valuable fruit for a healthy diet. Pressure cooking could be the most suitable cooking treatment as far as retention of bioactive compounds like phenolic acids is concerned.Graphical Abstract
Overcoming Klebsiella pneumoniae antibiotic resistance: new insights into mechanisms and drug discovery
Authors: Huy Tran Xuan Ngoc 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
Due to antibiotic overuse, numerous organisms have evolved multidrug resistance, a global health crisis. Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) causes respiratory, biliary, and urinary infections. It initially impacts individuals with impaired immune systems.

Main body of abstract
The treatment of K. pneumoniae clones poses significant challenges, highlighting the need for new, more effective pathogen control methods. Our understanding of the natural or acquired antibiotic resistance mechanisms in K. pneumoniae is inadequate. Therefore, it is crucial to continue searching for novel compounds to fight against K. pneumoniae and to understand its antibiotic resistance processes fully.

Short conclusion
This review covers K. pneumoniae antibiotic resistance in detail. The review also identifies the molecular components of natural or acquired K. pneumoniae antibiotic resistance mechanisms. This study further digs into the novel pharmacological targets to offer therapy insights.
Long-term efficacy of a continuity-of-care treatment model for patients with severe mental illness who transition from in-patient to out-patient services
Authors: Maoz Hagai , Sabbag Rony , Mendlovic Shlomo , Krieger Israel , Shefet Daphna , Lurie Ido 
Published: February 2024

BackgroundDespite its significance, ensuring continuity of care demands substantial resources, which might not be readily accessible in many public healthcare systems. Studies indicate that continuity of care remains uncertain in numerous healthcare systems.AimsThis study aimed to assess the effectiveness of a continuity-of-care model for patients with severe mental illness (SMI), providing seamless treatment from discharge from a closed ward to subsequent psychiatric, psychological and rehabilitation services.MethodData from patients discharged before (1 January to 31 December 2018) and after (1 June 2021 to 31 May 2022) full implementation of the model were analysed and compared in terms of average duration of hospital stay, emergency department visits within 90 days of discharge, readmission rate within a year post-discharge and initiation of rehabilitation process.ResultsIn the post-implementation period (n = 482), the average admission time significantly decreased from 30.51 ± 29.72 to 26.77 ± 27.89 days, compared with the pre-implementation period (n = 403) (P = 0.029). Emergency department visits within 90 days following discharge decreased from 38.70 to 26.35% of discharged patients (P < 0.001). The rate of readmission decreased from 50.9 to 44.0% (P = 0.041) for one readmission and from 28.3 to 22.0% (P = 0.032) for two readmissions in the year following discharge. Additionally, the proportion of patients entering formal rehabilitation increased from 7.94 to 12.03% (P = 0.044).ConclusionsThis study highlights the effectiveness of a continuity-of-care model spearheaded by senior psychiatrists and involving paramedical personnel. These findings underscore the significant potential of the model to substantially enhance mental health services and outcomes. Moreover, they emphasise its relevance for patients, clinicians and policy makers.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging–Guided Frameless Stereotactic Injections of the Bilateral Cerebellar Dentate Nuclei in Nonhuman Primates: Technical Note
Authors: Qiu Liming , Xu Emily , Chambule Sydney , LaTourette Philip , Dyer Cecilia D. , Wallace Chelsea K. , Donocoff Rachel , Wilson James M. , Lucas Timothy H. , Chen H. Isaac 
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Nonhuman primates (NHPs) are important preclinical models for evaluating therapeutics because of their anatomophysiological similarities to humans, and can be especially useful for testing new delivery targets. With the growing promise of cell and gene therapies for the treatment of neurological diseases, it is important to ensure the accurate and safe delivery of these agents to target structures in the brain. However, a standard guideline or method has not been developed for stereotactic targeting in NHPs. In this article, we describe the safe use of a magnetic resonance imaging–guided frameless stereotactic system to target bilateral cerebellar dentate nuclei for accurate, real-time delivery of viral vector in NHPs.

METHODS:
Seventeen rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) underwent stereotactic surgery under real-time MRI guidance using the ClearPoint® system. Bilateral cerebellar dentate nuclei were targeted through a single parietal entry point with a transtentorial approach. Fifty microliters of contrast-impregnated infusate was delivered to each dentate nucleus, and adjustments were made as necessary according to real-time MRI monitoring of delivery. Perioperative clinical outcomes and postoperative volumes of distribution were recorded.

RESULTS:
All macaques underwent bilateral surgery successfully. Superficial pin site infection occurred in 4/17 (23.5%) subjects, which resolved with antibiotics. Two episodes of transient neurological deficit (anisocoria and unilateral weakness) were recorded, which did not require additional postoperative treatment and resolved over time. Volume of distribution of infusate achieved satisfactory coverage of target dentate nuclei, and only 1 incidence (2.9%) of cerebrospinal fluid penetration was recorded. Mean volume of distribution was 161.22 ± 39.61 mm3 (left, 173.65 ± 48.29; right, 148.80 ± 23.98).

CONCLUSION:
MRI-guided frameless stereotactic injection of bilateral cerebellar dentate nuclei in NHPs is safe and feasible. The use of this technique enables real-time modification of the surgical plan to achieve adequate target coverage and can be readily translated to clinical use.