bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ovule dichotomy per locule of the trilocular pistil in cassava, Manihot esculenta: a useful abnormality for increased seed production?
Authors: Ogburia M. N. , Adachi T. , Yabuya T. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractHistologically, the cassava pistil is trilocular with a single ovule in each locule producing a maximum of three seeds in nature. Heat stress (35°/45°C, night/day temperatures), as a physical treatment was attempted to induce useful reproductive and vegetative traits in 10 F1 hybrids derived from ‘OMR 36‐41’and ‘OMR 36‐42’crosses, and two Asian cassava cultivars,‘Rayong 60’and ‘Rayong 1′, under greenhouse and field conditions. Cytoembryological examination of the repro‐ ductive organs revealed morpho‐structural features of normal pistil in all clones except ‘Rayong 1’which exhibited reproductive variations under greenhouse culture. Genetically, an important variation was ovule dichotomy per locule of the trilocular pistil so that each pistil contained six instead of the usual three ovules and lacked any outer integument. These ovules possessed functional embryo sacs with varying nuclear number. A pair of the dichotomous ovules possessed two embryo sacs of apparent different megaspore mother cells. Vegetatively, F1 hybrids were dwarf (0.50m) in their phenotype and flowered 1 month earlier than the 1.5‐2.0m tall cultivars under greenhouse conditions.
Yield of doubled haploid lines of Nordic spring barley infected with net blotch, Pyrenophora teres
Authors: ROBINSON J. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractFive Nordic spring barley lines (‘Rolfi’, ‘Arve’, ‘Botnia’, ‘Pohto’ and WW7977) and doubled haploid (DH) populations from a half diallel of crosses between them, were sown in the field in Finland over 2 years and were artificially infected with Pyrenophora teres, the causal agent of net blotch. The purpose of the experiments was to determine the extent of yield loss under net blotch infection in a range of parent barleys and DH populations differing in symptom expression. Analysis of foliar damage symptoms, yield and aerial biomass data indicated that, in both years, there were statistically significant differences among parents and crosses, but the relationships between symptom expression and yield maintenance and between symptom expression and aerial biomass maintenance were stronger in 1997, when yields were higher and net blotch was less severe.
Identification of restorers and maintainers for developing basmati and non‐basmati hybrids in rice, Oryza sativa
Authors: Sarial A. K. , Singh V. P. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractTwenty‐seven improved aromatic lines of germplasm and 18 non‐aromatic disease‐resistant genotypes of rice were test‐crossed with four cytoplasmic male‐sterile lines (IR 58025A, IR 62829A, PMS 3A and PMS 10A). Thirteen aromatic and 10 non‐aromatic genotypes were selected based on pollen fertility, and crosses were repeated to confirm sterility‐maintaining and fertility‐restoring ability. Genotypes were categorized as effective restorers (> 80% spikelet fertility), partial restorers (21‐79% spikelet fertility) and maintainers (< 1% spikelet fertility). The effective basmati restorers identified were Basmati 385, Chandan, P1031‐8‐5‐1, HKR 241‐IET‐12020, SAF Khalsa 7 and Karnal Local. The basmati maintainers identified were Basmati 370, Pusa basmati 1, P615‐K‐167‐13 and P1173‐4‐1. The frequency of restorers obtained was higher for the non‐aromatic than the aromatic basmati type. The performance of restorers varied with cytoplasmic male‐sterile (CMS) line, location and season of testing. The differential ability to restore fertility in the CMS lines that have the wild abortive (WA) cytosterile system could result from different nuclear backgrounds of the CMS lines. These restorers and maintainers possess acceptable grain dimensions, a desirable degree of aroma, volume expansion through linear kernel elongation and cooking quality characteristics of basmati rice. These genotypes will contribute to developing basmati hybrids and provide restorers and maintainers with acceptable key basmati quality characteristics.
A temporal genetic analysis of disease resistance genes: resistance to melon vine decline derived fromCucumis melovar.agrestis
Authors: Iglesias A. , Picó B. , Nuez F. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractMelon vine decline causes severe economic losses to melon crops all over the world. Two fungi.Acremonium cucurbitacearumandMonosporascus cannonballus, have been reported as the main causal agents of root damage, responsible for the decrease in root water and nutrient uptake capacity. However, melon vine decline aetiology is not completely understood, so screening assays must be conducted under natural infestation conditions. In field assays, the erratic effect of uncontrolled environmental factors makes the study of the trait's genetics difficult. The percentage of asymptomatic plants scored at individual moments during the infection process in the field is an imprecise indicator of the resistance level of each genotype. The analysis of disease progress curves does allow for the minimization of the stochastic fluctuations caused by environmental factors at various moments in time. Using this analysis the mode of inheritance of the partial resistance to melon vine decline derived from the accession Pat 81 ofCucumis melovar.agrestiswas further studied. Data from the six generations assayed (susceptible and resistant parents. F1, F2, and backcrosses BC1and BC2were fitted to an additive/dominance model without epistatic effects using a scaling test. Monogenic control was proposed as the simplest model to explain the data. Assuming this simple model, the method of analysis also allowed for the characterization of the incomplete penetrance of resistance, which varies as a log probit function of the time. Simple genetic control would simplify the use of Pat 81 in breeding programmes aimed at developing commercial melon varieties with resistance to vine decline.
Gamma ray‐induced genetic manipulations in flower colour and shape in Dendranthema grandiflorum and their management through tissue culture
Authors: Datta S. K. , Chakrabarty D. , Mandal A. K. A. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractRooted cuttings of Dendranthema grandiflorum cv. ‘Puja’ were treated with different doses of gamma rays. Sectorial somatic mutations both in flower colour and shape were detected in all the doses. The original floret colour of ‘Puja’ is red‐purple and florets are flat spoon shaped. One of the mutant floret colour was yellow‐orange with original flat florets and another mutant floret colour was yellow‐orange with tubular florets. Original and mutated ray florets were cultured on agar‐solidified Murashige and Skoog basal medium supplemented with sucrose and different combinations of 1‐naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and 6‐benzylaminopurine (BAP). Direct shoot organogenesis was seen within 2 weeks of culture initiation. The best regeneration was obtained on medium supplemented with 1 mg/l BAP + 0.5 mg/l NAA. Shoots regenerated from all explant types were rooted in vitro and transferred to the field. Regenerated plants flowered true‐to‐explant floret colour and shape. The isolated yellow floret colour mutants and yellow floret colour mutants with tubular florets were maintained vegetatively and have proved to be true to type in two successive generations.
Introduction of aromatic fragrance into cultivated tomato from the peruvianum complex'
Authors: Kamal H. M. , Takashina T. , Egashira H. , Satoh H. , Imanishi S. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThis study was performed to introduce the distinct aromatic fragrance of Lycopersicon peruvianum LA 1554 into the cultivated tomato, Lycopersicon esculentum. The strong breeding barriers existing between these two distantly related species were circumvented by the ovule selection and culture method. A large BC1F1 population was developed and among 127 plants, 36 were self‐compatible and yielded fruits. Fruits of some of these selected plants were found to be enriched with a sweet aromatic flavour. Sensory evaluation of the fruit aroma of these selected plants was performed by a panel of 12 members against one of the best consumer‐rated Japanese commercial tomato cultivars, ‘Momotaro’. Although extensive variation was observed in fruit‐aroma in the BC1F1 population, panel opinion on ‘flavour‐desirability’ significantly favoured the BC1F1 fruits of some selected plants over the cv. ‘Momotaro’. Therefore, it can be concluded that the aromatic fragrance of a ‘L. peruvianum’ accession has successfully been introduced into the cultivated tomato gene pool.
Introgression of alleles of the isozymic locus glucosephosphate isomerase‐2 (GPI‐2) from the CC genome of Brassica carinata to the CC genome of Brassica alboglabra and their independent segregation from seed colour
Authors: Rahman M. H. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractA yellowish brown‐seeded Brassica alboglabra was resynthesized from a (B. alboglabra×Brassica carinata) ×B. alboglabra cross, followed by self‐pollination. The resynthesized B. alboglabra lost the allele of the isozymic locus glucosephosphate isomerase‐2 (GPI‐2) from natural B. alboglabra, which was replaced by an allele from the corresponding genome in B. carinata. A simple Mendelian segregation of these two alleles was observed in the F2 population of a natural × resynthesized B. alboglabra cross. Furthermore, these two alleles segregated independently from the seed colour.
Resistance to cowpea mottle carmovirus in Vigna vexillata
Authors: Ogundiwin E. A. , Thottappilly G. , AkenOva M. E. , Ekpo E. J. A. , Fatokun C. A. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractCowpea mottle carmovirus (CPMoV) causes grain yield losses of up to 75% in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata [L.] Walp.). There is no resistance to this virus among cultivated cowpea lines, but a high level of resistance exists in Vigna vexillata, a wild Vigna species. Fifty‐four accessions of V. vexillata germplasm collection at IITA were tested for resistance to CPMoV. Seedlings were mechanically inoculated with the virus and susceptibility or resistance was assessed by visual scoring of disease symptoms and serological analysis using antigen‐coated plate enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ACP‐ELISA). All but three V. vexillata lines belonging to the variety angustifolia were resistant to CPMoV. Crosses were made between two resistant V. vexillata lines and the three susceptible lines. Segregation patterns observed in the F2 and the backcross populations of all the crosses showed that resistance to CPMoV in V. vexillata is controlled by a single dominant gene, and the level of resistance conferred by this gene in V. vexillata is very high.
Development of self‐incompatible Brassica napus: (III) B. napus genotype effects on S‐allele expression
Authors: Ripley V. L. , Beversdorf W. D. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractUse of self‐incompatibility (SI) as a pollination control method for Brassica napus hybrid production requires the development of a sufficient number of S‐alleles that are expressed consistently in a range of B. napus lines. Self‐incompatibility (SI) alleles have been transferred from Brassica oleracea and Brassica rapa into B. napus var. oleifera. An understanding of expression of these alleles in B. napus is essential for their commercial use. Four SI B. napus doubled haploids containing the B. oleracea S‐alleles S2, S5, S13 and S24 were crossed to three B. napus cultivars to measure the B. napus genetic background effect on S‐allele expression. A line x tester analysis indicated that the largest source of variation in the expression rate of SI was the S‐allele itself. The B. napus genotypes tested contained modifier gene(s), some that enhanced SI expression and others that inhibited SI expression. The B. napus Canadian cultivar ‘Westar’ generally had a negative effect on SI expression while the European cultivar ‘Topas’ had a positive effect on the B. oleracea S‐allele expression. The B. oleracea S‐allele S24 was very similar in expression to the B. rapa allele W1. The application of these results for the use of B. oleracea S‐alleles for hybrid production in B. napus is discussed.
Relationship between Sperm Response to Glycosaminoglycans in vitro and Non‐return Rates of Swedish Dairy AI Bulls
Authors: Januskauskas A , Gil J , Söderquist L , Rodriguez‐Martinez H 
Published: March 2003

ContentsIn this study, the relations between fertility (56‐day non‐return rates, 56‐day NRR) after artificial insemination (AI) and bull sperm characteristics post‐thaw, after swim‐up and after co‐incubation with heparin (Hep) and hyaluronan (HA), respectively, were determined, attempting to determine if such a procedure could be of value to evaluate the potential fertilizing ability of frozen‐thawed AI bull spermatozoa. Spermatozoa from 20 semen batches derived from 20 Swedish Red and White AI bulls ranging widely in their field fertility after AI (55–79% 56‐day NRRs) were evaluated with regards to post‐thaw motility, membrane integrity, and migration through a simple swim‐up procedure. Sperm viability and capacitation status were evaluated by two different vital staining procedures and chlortetracycline hydrochloride staining. Sperm motility and membrane integrity post‐thaw (e.g. indicators of sperm viability) were significantly correlated (r = 0.53, p < 0.05 and r = 0.59, p < 0.01, respectively) with fertility. Heparin (5 µg/ml) significantly (p lt; 0.001) increased the frequencies of capacitation and acrosome‐reaction (AR) among swim‐up separated spermatozoa, whereas HA at a concentration of 50 ng/ml did not have any significant capacitating effect. The incidences of capacitated or AR‐spermatozoa following Hep‐treatment were not correlated with fertility. On the other hand, the percentage of viable spermatozoa was significantly (p < 0.001) lower in Hep‐treated samples than in control and HA‐treated samples and was significantly (r = 0.49, p < 0.05) correlated with fertility after AI (56‐day NRR). The results indicate that the percentage of viable spermatozoa after swim‐up separation and heparin‐exposure from a selected population of AI bulls were significantly and positively related to the AI fertility of the donors and thus could be used as a parameter to determine the fertilizing ability of frozen—thawed AI bull spermatozoa.
Factors Modulating Apoptosis: an in‐vitro Study in Swine Granulosa Cells
Authors: Ponderato N , Grasselli F , Saleri R , Tamanini C 
Published: March 2003

ContentsThe aim of this study was to investigate the effects of some endocrine and intra‐ovarian factors on the activation/inhibition of apoptosis in swine granulosa cells. Upon incubation in a 10% FCS‐supplemented M199, granulosa cells from small (< 3 mm) follicles programmed their death after 24–48 h of culture; in the absence of FCS, apoptosis was reduced after 24 h of culture. Cells cultured in the presence of FCS were treated with db‐cAMP, LH, FSH, Insulin‐like Growth Factor‐I IGF‐I or PMSG to verify the role of these substances in apoptotic death: all these molecules inhibited apoptosis after 48 h of incubation. A further aim of the study was to investigate the possible involvement of nitric oxide (NO), an intra‐ovarian modulator, in the regulation of granulosa cell apoptosis and its possible role in the modulation of steroidogenesis. After a 48 h incubation with a substrate of NO synthesis ( l‐arginine, 0.1 and 1 m
m), a NO donor [S‐nitroso‐N‐acetyl‐penicillamine (SNAP) , 0.2 and 1 m
m] or a NO synthase inhibitor [Nω‐nitro‐
l‐arginine‐methyl‐ester (NAME, 1 and 5 m
m)], the onset of apoptotic death was evaluated:
l. arginine and NAME did not induce any significant variation of apoptosis, whereas 1 m
m SNAP exerted a protective action. A significant stimulatory effect of
l‐arginine on NO production, associated with a suppressive action on estradiol 17β concentrations was observed; NAME exerted an inhibitory effect on NO production, associated with an increase in estradiol secretion; estradiol 17β production was markedly inhibited by SNAP. In summary, the depletion of FCS could induce a cell cycle arrest in G0 whereas apoptosis could be the consequence of cell cycle progression mediated by FCS; gonadotropins and IGF‐I could also act as survival factors. NO appeared to represent a ‘trophic’ signal for the follicle, whose involvement in the regulation of ovarian function is substantiated by its modulatory action on steroidogenesis.
Unlicensed assistive personnel in the critical care unit: What is their role?
Authors: Chaboyer Wendy , McMurray Anne , Patterson Elizabeth 
Published: March 2003

Unlicensed assistive personnel in the critical care unit: What is their role? Driven by an economic imperative, the use of unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP) has proliferated in the health care system, however, their use in the critical care (CC) environment remains relatively new. An analysis of the first phase of a mixed method study, in which interviews with 17 CC nurses were conducted in order to provide data upon which to devise a larger survey, provides insight into the potential uses and misuses of these UAP. An examination of the transcripts, field notes, and diagrams and a comparison of the emerging categories to the literature assisted in identifying several themes important to CC nursing practice. Three themes identified in the analysis—ongoing vigilant assessment, quick response and seeing the whole picture—provide evidence that if UAP are asked to complete tasks allocated to them in other areas, CC nurses will be robbed of vital, albeit subtle, aspects of their nursing practice. As reflective practitioners, CC nurses must be wary of giving away tacit features of their role which enable them to synthesise contextual variables with espoused theory and experience, in order to ensure optimal patient care and outcomes.
K–Ar age–chemistry–fabric relations of phengite from the Sanbagawa high‐pressure schists, Japan
Authors: Itaya Tetsumaru , Fujino Mitsuhiro 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe Sanbagawa high‐pressure schists from central Shikoku in Southwest Japan have experienced high‐strain ductile deformation during exhumation and cooling. This study examines the effects of high‐strain ductile deformation on K–Ar ages of phengites on the basis of fabric, chemistry and K–Ar ages of phengites from the pelitic, psammitic and quartzose (or albitic) schists collected from the same outcrop in the albite–biotite zone. Phengites in the pelitic and psammitic schists generally occur forming aggregates consisting of fine‐grained phengite crystals and are extremely fine‐grained in domains close to relatively rigid garnet and albite porphyroblasts, indicating that deformation‐induced grain‐size reduction had taken place in phengite during the ductile deformation accompanying the exhumation of host schists. We suggest that the grain‐size reduction of phengite is due to strain‐induced recrystallization or dynamic recrystallization. The matrix phengites in schists are chemically heterogeneous on the thin‐section scale but the phengites from pelitic and psammitic schists from the same outcrop have similar chemical range. Phengite included in garnet has a high Si value and its Na/(Na + K) and Mg/(Mg + Fe) ratios are significantly low in comparison with those in matrix. The phengite included in garnet records the chemistry in equilibrium with other major silicate phases during the higher pressure stage of the P–T–t history of the schists. In contrast, the matrix phengites having low Si values are likely to have been formed during retrograde metamorphism in extremely restricted equilibrium domains. The two or three different types of schists from the same outcrop, which have a similar grain size of phengite, have similar K–Ar ages, suggesting that the closure temperature does not depend on chemistry. However, the hematite‐rich quartzose schist with strong grain‐size reduction of both phengite and quartz has a significantly younger K–Ar phengite age than the pelitic and quartzose schists in the same outcrop that do not show grain‐size reduction. We suggest that the exhumation tectonics of the schists, which have experienced strong ductile deformation at temperatures less than ~350°C, played an important role resulting in the observed variation in age.
Endoscopic variceal ligation is a sufficient procedure for the treatment of oesophageal varices in patients with hepatitis C liver cirrhosis: Comparison with injection sclerotherapy
Authors: Hata Yasuo , Hamada Eiji , Takahashi Morio , Ota Shinichi , Ogura Keiji , Shiina Shuichiro , Okamoto Makoto , Okudaira Tsuyoshi , Teratani Takuma , Maeda Shin , Koike Yukihiro , Sato Shinpei , Obi Shuntaro , Tanaka Torao , Kawabe Takao , Shiratori Yasushi , Kawase Tateo , Nomura Masuyo , Omata Masao 
Published: March 2003

Aims: Endoscopic variceal ligation (EVL) is a recently developed alternative to endoscopic injection sclerotherapy (EIS) for the treatment of oesophageal varices. Endoscopic variceal ligation and EIS were compared in an attempt to clarify the efficacy and safety of EVL for patients with cirrhosis due to hepatitis C. Methods: Endoscopic variceal ligation was performed in 60 patients and EIS in 30. Varices were eradicated in all patients by EVL and 87% (26 out of 30) by EIS. Results: There was no significant difference between EVL and EIS in relation to the incidence of bleeding and the 5 year survival rate after treatment. There were no severe complications except mild substernal pain after EVL, while pulmonary embolism occurred in one patient receiving EIS. Conclusions: Endoscopic variceal ligation is a safe and effective technique for eradicating oesophageal varices in patients with hepatitis C cirrhosis.
Evaluation of endoscopic variceal ligation in prophylactic therapy for bleeding of oesophageal varices: A prospective, controlled trial compared with endoscopic injection sclerotherapy
Authors: Gotoh Yudai , Iwakiri Ryuichi , Sakata Yasushi , Koyama Takanori , Noda Takahiro , Matsunaga Chika , Ogata Shin‐Ichi , Ishibashi Sadatoshi , Sakata Hiroyuki , Tsunada Seiji , Fujimoto Kazuma 
Published: March 2003

Background: To evaluate the efficacy of endoscopic variceal ligation (EVL) in prophylactic therapy for oesophageal varices, we performed a randomized prospective trial to compare the recurrence of oesophageal varices treated by EVL with those treated by endoscopic injection sclerotherapy. Methods: Fifty patients with liver cirrhosis were divided into two groups at random, after informed consents were obtained, to receive prophylactic therapy for bleeding of oesophageal varices. Group 1 patients underwent sessions of sclerotherapy with 5% ethanolamine oleate used as the sclerosant. Group 2 patients underwent EVL followed by one or two sessions of sclerotherapy. Results: During the 18 month follow‐up period, both the recurrence rate in group 2 (56%) and the incidence of bleeding (20%) were significantly higher compared with group 1 (recurrence rate 16%, bleeding 0%). Conclusions: This result indicates that EVL is not effective for prophylactic therapy for oesophageal varices in liver cirrhosis.