bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
All Lives Matter discussions on Twitter: Varied use, prevalence, and interpretive repertoires
Authors: Goodman Simon , Perkins Krystal M. , Windel Friederike 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAll Lives Matter (ALM) has emerged as a response to, and critique of, the Black Lives Matter (BLM) anti‐racist movement. ALM has been shown to work to undermine and attempt to deracialise BLM; however, there is a need for a comprehensive understanding of how ALM functions in online interactions. The research questions are therefore: What different ways is ALM used in Twitter debates?, How prevalent are these different uses?, and What function do the different uses of ALM perform in the wider debate around BLM? To address these questions, we employed a mixed‐method approach drawing on topic modelling and critical discursive psychology of Twitter posts using the hashtag #AllLivesMatter. A corpus of 294,217 unique tweets sent by 145,994 unique users was subject to Structural Topic Modelling (STM), which resulted in 60 topics, and from this, a sub‐dataset of 180 tweets was generated for discourse analysis. The STM identified 12 distinct uses of ALM, ranging from direct and even extreme opposition to BLM to criticisms of ALM and support of BLM and anti‐racism messages, both of which are explored in the discourse analysis. Together, the analysis suggests that, at least on Twitter, the ALM hashtag is not one‐dimensional nor a settled debate. Moreover, the Twitter public can use the ALM hashtag to denounce racism and the ideological pretext of ALM.
‘Sins of their fathers’: Social groups parental incarceration and positive psychological outcomes across time in the US and UK
Authors: Bradshaw Daragh , Bornica Islam , Griffin Siobhán M. , McMahon Grace , Muldoon Orla T. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPaternal incarceration (PI) is recognised as a severely stigmatising event that undermines social connections leaving affected children isolated and vulnerable. However, few studies have explored social group membership as a potential mediator of positive outcomes. This paper analysed data from two national contexts, Scotland and the United States, to examine the potential for social group membership in childhood to mediate the association between PI and child behavioural and emotional outcomes. Study 1 reported on cross‐sectional data from the Growing Up in Scotland dataset of children aged 12 years. Study 2 used longitudinal data from the Fragile Families cohort study (USA) of children aged 9 years and then 15 years. Children and parents completed measures of PI, children's group membership, as well as positive functioning. In Study 1, a mediated indirect effect of PI on prosocial behaviour via children's group membership was observed. In Study 2, children's reported social group membership mediated the effect of PI on positive adolescent functioning longitudinally. Whilst experiences of PI at age 9 were linked with lower group membership at age 15, group membership was associated with higher levels of positive adolescent functioning. This has implications for the support families receive when a parent is incarcerated to avoid children serving sentences for ‘the sins of their fathers’.
An unusual case of transverse myelitis in dengue fever: A case report from Nepal
Authors: Shrestha Kipa , Poudel Bipin , Shrestha Shubham , Rai Binay Pravakar , Rajbhandari Pranaya , Mishra Deepak Kumar 
Published: January 2024

Key Clinical MessageDengue fever can also have various neurological complications but involvement of the spinal cord is often unusual. This is a case where the patient had transverse myelitis as a complication of dengue fever.AbstractDengue fever can have various neurological complications but involvement of the spinal cord is often unusual. We report a case of a 49‐year‐old female, a known case of dengue fever, who presented with urine retention, inability to stand and walk with tingling sensation of bilateral lower limbs. Her vibration and joint position sensation was reduced below T2 level along with altered reflexes but MRI could not explain the examination findings. She was diagnosed clinically as transverse myelitis (TM) in the background of dengue fever. She showed drastic improvement with treatment of steroids. As TM as a complication in a patient with dengue fever is rare, and due to the paucity of similar case reports in Nepal, this case report is of value for the scientific community.
Automated enzymatic hydrolysis of urine samples for improved systematic toxicological analysis of drug‐facilitated sexual assault cases
Authors: Skov Kathrine , Johansen Sys Stybe , Linnet Kristian , Nielsen Marie Katrine Klose 
Published: January 2024

AbstractDrug‐facilitated sexual assault (DFSA) is characterized by victim incapacitation due to intoxicating substances. Detection of single drug exposure from DFSA requires a systematic toxicological analysis strategy including sensitive methods covering a broad spectrum of substances. The aim of this study was to develop and validate an UHPLC–MS/MS screening method for analysis of samples from DFSA cases and incorporate an automated enzymatic pre‐treatment of urine samples into a robotic sample preparation for an efficient laboratory workflow. The screening method included 144 drugs of abuse, pharmaceuticals, and metabolites relevant to DFSA. The use of a recombinant enzyme showed an efficient glucuronide hydrolysis with an average parent drug recovery of 97%. Investigation of matrix effect showed no pronounced ion enhancement or suppression for most analytes (96%), and extraction recovery was above 80% for 97% of analytes. Process efficiency ranged from 50% to 138% for most analytes. The LODs ranged from 0.0001 mg/L to 2 mg/L depending on analyte, and most analytes met the SOFT recommended minimum performance limits. The validated method was applied to authentic suspected DFSA cases (n = 38). Results showed that drugs of abuse, benzodiazepines, and antidepressants were most commonly found in suspected DFSA cases. Incorporation of an automated enzymatic hydrolysis step during sample preparation enables a fast and simple workflow for simultaneous analysis of blood and urine samples for an improved systematic toxicological analysis strategy for DFSA cases.
Deciphering orbital hybridization in heterogeneous catalysis
Authors: Yue Xiaoyang , Cheng Lei , Baráth Eszter , Jagadeesh Rajenahally V. , Xiang Quanjun 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe catalytic coordinate is essentially the evolving frontier orbital interaction while feeding with catalytic materials and adsorbates under proper reaction conditions. The heterogeneous catalytic reaction mechanism involves the initial adsorption and activation of reactants, subsequent intermediate transformation, final target product desorption, and regeneration of catalytic materials. In these catalytic processes, interaction modulations in terms of orbital hybridization/coupling allow an intrinsic control on both thermodynamics and kinetics. Concerned charge transfer and redistribution, orbital splitting and rearrangement with specific orientation, and spin change and crossover pose a formidable challenge on mechanism elucidation; it is hard to precisely correlate the apparent activity and selectivity, let alone rational modulations on it. Therefore, deciphering the orbital couplings inside a catalytic round is highly desirable and the dependent descriptor further provides in‐depth insights into catalyst design at the molecule orbital level. This review hopes to provide a comprehensive understanding on orbital hybridizations, modulations, and correlated descriptors in heterogeneous catalysis.
Australian Ocean surface waves dataset from SAR
Authors: Khan S. , Hemer M. , Echevarria E. , King E. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn this article, a regional ocean surface waves dataset from Sentinel‐1 A and B Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) satellites has been described. The ocean wave data have been extracted from the Sentinel‐1 level‐2 OCN (ocean) product as provided by the European Space Agency and downloadable for this region from the Copernicus Australasia regional data hub. The source OCN data have been produced by evolving versions of Sentinel‐1 Instrument Processing Facility (IPF). The structure of the source OCN NetCDF files changes over time and presents a challenge in performing long duration, time series analyses, including the examination of potential inconsistencies in OCN wave data, due to employment of different IPF versions over the duration of the satellite missions. Here, the input OCN wave data have been homogenized to a single, easily usable standard format after applying a quality assurance and control procedure that removes various inconsistencies in variables, coordinates, dimensions and land flag, and through the addition of new auxiliary variables. The new format has the desirable properties of being compact in size, consistent in structure, and scalable in temporal and spatial coverage. It is also convenient to use and offers opportunities to perform fast, multi‐year regional processing and analysis for calibration and validation studies and scientific applications. No re‐processing of Sentinel‐1 level‐1 data has been carried out in this work.
A RaPID Response to SARS‐CoV‐2
Authors: Ullrich Sven , Nitsche Christoph 
Published: January 2024

AbstractGenetically encoded peptide libraries are at the forefront ofde novodrug discovery. The RaPID (Random Nonstandard Peptides Integrated Discovery) platform stands out due to the unique combination of flexiblein vitrotranslation (FIT) and mRNA display. This enables the incorporation of non‐canonical amino acids, improving chemical diversity and allowing macrocyclisation of the peptide library. The resulting constrained peptides are valued for their strong binding affinity and stability, especially in the context of protein‐protein interactions. In response to SARS‐CoV‐2, the causative agent of the COVID‐19 pandemic, the RaPID system proved valuable in identifying high‐affinity ligands of viral proteins. Among many peptide ligands of SARS‐CoV‐2 spike and main protease (Mpro), several macrocycles stand out for their exceptional binding affinities. Structural data showcases distinct binding modes in complex with the receptor‐binding domain (RBD) of the spike glycoprotein or the catalytic active site of Mpro. However, translating thesein vitrofindings into clinical applications remains challenging, especially due to insufficient cell permeability.
Development of handheld optical coherence tomography based on commercial intra‐oral scanner shape for extended clinical utility in dentistry
Authors: Kim Hayoung , Cho Hoseong , Lee Weonjoon , Son Keunbada , Lee Kyubok , Jeon Mansik , Kim Jeehyun 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe main objective of this study is to develop a handheld dental optical coherence tomography (OCT) system capable of imaging the target area of the teeth in the oral cavity and demonstrate the applicability of the developed system to in vivo dental disease diagnosis based on a user‐friendly scanner form. The design of the developed system is based on mimicking the shape of a commonly used commercial intra‐oral scanner (IOS) so that the system users do not feel awkward when using it. A microelectromechanical system (MEMS) scanning unit was used to optimize the overall size of the system, and the optical axis was designed in a Z‐shape to maximize the beam size reflected by the MEMS mirror. A pre‐study of in vivo oral scanning was performed to demonstrate the enhanced clinical feasibility of the developed system. Furthermore, the main experiment classified teeth with worn cervical regions into two groups according to the cervical abrasion shape. The developed dental OCT system produced a three‐dimensional image of the scanning area and quantitatively analyzed the margin gap through an A‐scan profile based on cross‐sectional images. This study confirms the effectiveness of the developed handheld dental OCT system in actual dental clinical practice, and we expect our system to be utilized for various dental diseases, not only for diagnosing a cervical abrasions.
A novel alternative method for long‐term evaluation of male reproductive toxicity and its recovery using a pre‐pubertal mouse testis organ culture system
Authors: Hashimoto Kiyoshi , Arakawa Hiroshi , Imamura Rikako , Nishimura Takuya , Kitajima Satoshi , Sato Takuya , Makiyama Kazuhide , Ogawa Takehiko , Yokota Satoshi 
Published: January 2024

AbstractSuccessful treatment of pediatric cancers often results in long‐term health complications, including potential effects on fertility. Therefore, assessing the male reproductive toxicity of anti‐cancer drug treatments and the potential for recovery is of paramount importance. However, in vivo evaluations are time‐intensive and require large numbers of animals. To overcome these constraints, we utilized an innovative organ culture system that supports long‐term spermatogenesis by placing the testis tissue between a base agarose gel and a polydimethylsiloxane ceiling, effectively mirroring the in vivo testicular environment. The present study aimed to determine the efficacy of this organ culture system for accurately assessing testicular toxicity induced by cisplatin, using acrosin‐green fluorescent protein (GFP) transgenic neonatal mouse testes. The testis fragments were treated with different concentrations of cisplatin‐containing medium for 24 h and incubated in fresh medium for up to 70 days. The changes in tissue volume and GFP fluorescence over time were evaluated to monitor the progression of spermatogenesis, in addition to the corresponding histopathology. Cisplatin treatment caused tissue volume shrinkage and reduced GFP fluorescence in a concentration‐dependent manner. Recovery from testicular toxicity was also dependent on the concentration of cisplatin received. The results demonstrated that this novel in vitro system can be a faithful replacement for animal experiments to assess the testicular toxicity of anti‐cancer drugs and their reversibility, providing a useful method for drug development.
Activation of the receptor KIT induces the secretion of exosome‐like small extracellular vesicles
Authors: Pfeiffer Annika , Bandara Geethani , Petersen Jennifer D. , Falduto Guido H. , Zimmerberg Joshua , Metcalfe Dean D. , Olivera Ana 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) KIT and its ligand stem cell factor (SCF) are essential for human mast cell (huMC) survival and proliferation. HuMCs expressing oncogenic KIT variants secrete large numbers of extracellular vesicles (EVs). The role KIT plays in regulating EV secretion has not been examined. Here, we investigated the effects of stimulation or inhibition of KIT activity on the secretion of small EVs (sEVs). In huMCs expressing constitutively active KIT, the quantity and quality of secreted sEVs positively correlated with the activity status of KIT. SCF‐mediated stimulation of KIT in huMCs or murine MCs, or of transiently expressed KIT in HeLa cells, enhanced the release of sEVs expressing exosome markers. In contrast, ligand‐mediated stimulation of the RTK EGFR in HeLa cells did not affect sEV secretion. The release of sEVs induced by either constitutively active or ligand‐activated KIT was remarkably decreased when cells were treated with KIT inhibitors, concomitant with reduced exosome markers in sEVs. Similarly, inhibition of oncogenic KIT signalling kinases like PI3K, and MAPK significantly reduced the secretion of sEVs. Thus, activation of KIT and its early signalling cascades stimulate the secretion of exosome‐like sEVs in a regulated fashion, which may have implications for KIT‐driven functions.
Ion mobility–tandem mass spectrometry of bulky tert‐butyl thiol ligated gold nanoparticles
Authors: Wijesinghe Kalpani H. , Hood Christopher , Mattern Daniell , Angel Laurence A. , Dass Amala 
Published: January 2024

AbstractGold nanoparticles (AuNPs) synthesized in the 1–3 nm range have a specific number of gold core atoms and outer protecting ligands. They have become one of the “hot topics” in recent decades because of their interesting physical and chemical properties. The characterization of their structures is usually achieved by crystal X‐ray diffraction although the structures of some AuNPs remain unknown because they have not been successfully crystallized. An alternative method for studying the structure of AuNPs is electrospray ionization–ion mobility–tandem mass spectrometry (ESI‐IM‐MSMS). This research evaluated how effectively ESI‐IM‐MSMS using the commercially available Waters Synapt XS instrument yielded useful structural information from two AuNPs; Au23(S‐tBu)16 and Au30(S‐tBu)18. The study used the maximum range of available collision energies along with ion mobility separation to measure the energy‐dependence of the product ions and their drift times which is a measure of their spatial size. For Au23(S‐tBu)16, the dissociation gave the masses of the outer protecting monomeric [RS–Au–SR] and trimeric [SR–Au–SR–Au–SR–Au–SR] staples where R = tBu, and complete dissociation of the outer layer Au and tBu groups to reveal the Au15S8 core. For Au30(S‐tBu)18, the dissociation products was primarily through the loss of the partial ligands S‐tBu and tBu from the outer protecting layer and the loss of single Au4(S‐tBu)4 unit. These results showed the that ESI‐IM‐MSMS analysis of the smaller Au23(S‐tBu)16 gave information on all it major structural components whereas for Au30(S‐tBu)18, the overall structural information was limited to the ligands of the outer layer.
Genetics may affect the risk of undergoing surgery for rhizarthrosis
Authors: Henkel Cecilie ,   DBDS Genomic Consortium, Erikstrup Christian , Ostrowski Sisse R. , Pedersen Ole B. , Troelsen Anders 
Published: January 2024

AbstractOsteoarthritis is a prevalent and severe disease. Involvement of the trapeziometacarpal joint is common and can lead to both pain and disability. Genetics are known to affect the risk of osteoarthritis, but it remains unclear how genetics affect disease trajectories. In this study, we investigated whether the genetic associations of trapeziometacarpal osteoarthritis (rhizarthrosis) vary with the need for surgical treatment. The study was conducted as a case‐control genome‐wide association study using individuals from the Copenhagen Hospital Biobank pain and degenerative musculoskeletal disease study and the Danish Blood Donor Study (N = 208,342). We identified patients diagnosed with rhizarthrosis and grouped them by treatment status, resulting in two case groups: surgical (N = 1083) and nonsurgical (N = 1888). The case groups were tested against osteoarthritis‐free controls in two genome‐wide association studies. We then compared variants suggestive of association (p < 10−6) in either of these analyses directly between the treatment groups (surgical vs. nonsurgical rhizarthrosis). We identified 10 variants suggestive of association with either surgical (seven variants) or nonsurgical (three variants) rhizarthrosis. None of the variants reached nominal significance in the opposite treatment group (p ≥ 0.14), and all 10 variants were significantly different between the treatment groups at a false discovery rate of 5%. These results suggest possible differences in the genetic associations of rhizarthrosis depending on surgical treatment. Clinical significance: Uncovering genetic differences between clinically distinct patient groups can reveal biological determinants of disease trajectories.
Referenceless Nyquist ghost correction outperforms standard navigator‐based method and improves efficiency of in vivo diffusion tensor cardiovascular magnetic resonance
Authors: Huo Zimu , Wen Ke , Luo Yaqing , Neji Radhouene , Kunze Karl P. , Ferreira Pedro F. , Pennell Dudley J. , Scott Andrew D. , Nielles‐Vallespin Sonia 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPurposeThe study aims to assess the potential of referenceless methods of EPI ghost correction to accelerate the acquisition of in vivo diffusion tensor cardiovascular magnetic resonance (DT‐CMR) data using both computational simulations and data from in vivo experiments.MethodsThree referenceless EPI ghost correction methods were evaluated on mid‐ventricular short axis DT‐CMR spin echo and STEAM datasets from 20 healthy subjects at 3T. The reduced field of view excitation technique was used to automatically quantify the Nyquist ghosts, and DT‐CMR images were fit to a linear ghost model for correction.ResultsNumerical simulation showed the singular value decomposition (SVD) method is the least sensitive to noise, followed by Ghost/Object method and entropy‐based method. In vivo experiments showed significant ghost reduction for all correction methods, with referenceless methods outperforming navigator methods for both spin echo and STEAM sequences at b = 32, 150, 450, and 600  . It is worth noting that as the strength of the diffusion encoding increases, the performance gap between the referenceless method and the navigator‐based method diminishes.ConclusionReferenceless ghost correction effectively reduces Nyquist ghost in DT‐CMR data, showing promise for enhancing the accuracy and efficiency of measurements in clinical practice without the need for any additional reference scans.
The relationship between cellular microstructure and the mechanical properties of styrene/methyl methacrylate copolymer‐silica nanocomposite foams prepared by a supercritical CO2 blowing agent
Authors: Salari Ehsan , Rezaei Mostafa , Jahani Davoud , Tabbakhi‐Mamaqani Ahmadreza 
Published: January 2024

AbstractStyrene/methyl methacrylate (St/MMA) copolymer‐silica nanocomposite foams were prepared using supercritical CO2 as blowing agent, and the relationships between their cellular microstructure and mechanical properties were investigated. The effects of nanosilica content, size, and surface chemistry on the foam's microstructure and properties were examined. Dispersion and distribution of silica nanoparticles with different surface chemistry in St/MMA copolymer nanocomposites were discussed. To determine the most suitable copolymer composition for incorporating silica nanoparticles, some operating conditions such as temperature and pressure were primarily examined to study their effects on the microstructure of resulting foams. In compressive mechanical properties of final foams, a considerably high value was obtained for the compressive strength of the foams of up to 9.5 MPa. The prepared low‐density (below 0.2 g/cm3) St/MMA copolymer microcellular foams can be used in green lost foam iron casting processes.Highlights
Styrene/methyl methacrylate copolymer‐silica nanocomposite foams were prepared via supercritical CO2.
Foams' cell size was changed by changing silica nanoparticle surface chemistry and size.
The uniform cellular microstructure was achieved by nanosilica size increment.
Increasing nanoparticle size improved the foam's mechanical properties.
Low‐density foams were achieved for potential application in lost foam casting.