bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Granulated metrial gland cells in the murine uterus: Localization, kinetics, and the functional role in angiogenesis during pregnancy
Authors: Wang Chunlian , Tanaka Tetsuji , Nakamura Hiroaki , Umesaki Naohiko , Hirai Kouzo , Ishiko Osamu , Ogita Sachio , Kaneda Kenji 
Published: February 2003

AbstractGranulated metrial gland (GMG) cells are a major immune cell population in the murine pregnant uterus, and contribute to the maintenance of pregnancy by functioning as uterus‐specific natural killer (NK) cells. In order to reveal their kinetics, activation, and functional roles in pregnancy, we conducted quantitative and immunohistochemical analyses in normal and immuno‐modulator‐treated mice. Under a light microscope, GMG cells were identified by red cytoplasmic granules in periodic‐acid‐Schiff (PAS)‐stained sections. They progressively increased in number and size with the peak at day 12–14 of pregnancy in the decidua and metrial gland. New vessel formation was most prominent around day 8, and the total vascular area reached the peak at day 13. GMG cells were often located near the blood vessels, and expressed vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), suggesting their possible inducing role in angiogenesis during the development of decidua/metrial gland. While blood vessels in the non‐pregnant uterus were negative for vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)‐1, those in the pregnant one were positive. Treatment with neutralizing antibody against VCAM‐1, however, did not decrease the number of GMG cells. On the other hand, mitosis of GMG cells was frequently observed. These data suggest that the increment of GMG cells during pregnancy may largely result from local proliferation in the uterus rather than an increased influx of precursor cells. Although we attempted to induce in vivo activation of GMG cells by administration of interleukin‐12 (IL‐12) or alpha‐galactosylceramide, a potent activator for natural killer‐T (NK‐T) cells, the number of GMG cells did not appreciably increase. The present study has demonstrated that GMG cells locally proliferate in the pregnant uterus, not being related to VCAM‐1 expression by the uterine vasculature or systemic activation of NK cells and NK‐T cells, and seem to be involved in angiogenesis in the pregnant uterus through VEGF production. Microsc. Res. Tech. 60:420–429, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Use of the confocal laser scanning microscope in studies on the developmental biology of marine crustaceans
Authors: Buttino Isabella , Ianora Adrianna , Carotenuto Ylenia , Zupo Valerio , Miralto Antonio 
Published: February 2003

AbstractConfocal Laser Scanning Microscope techniques have been applied to study the developmental biology of marine copepods and decapod larvae. The lipophylic probes DiI and DiOC6 were used to study both the external and internal morphology of these crustaceans, whereas the same DiOC6 and the specific nuclear probe Hoechst 33342 were used to study embryonic development of copepods in vivo. To distinguish viable from non‐viable copepod embryos, the vital dye dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (H2DCFDA) was used. Major advantages and difficulties in the use of these non‐invasive techniques in studies of the reproductive biology of marine crustaceans are discussed. Microsc. Res. Tech. 60:458–464, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Establishment of a nude mouse model of hepatic metastasis for evaluation of targeted retroviral gene delivery
Authors: Stapfer Maria , Hu Jie , Wei Denise , Groshen Susan , Beart Robert W. 
Published: January 2003

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThe goal of this study was to establish a reproducible nude mouse model of liver metastasis and investigate the potential of deploying targeted injectable retroviral vectors for metastatic gastrointestinal cancer.MethodsHuman cancer cells were injected into the portal vein via an indwelling catheter. The animals were sacrificed at specified time intervals, and the number of tumor nodules was counted in histologic sections of harvested livers. A group of animals received either an extracellular matrix‐targeted or a nontargeted retroviral vector bearing a β‐galactosidase gene by portal vein infusion.ResultsThe number of tumor nodules increased progressively over time at ≤50 days post‐infusion (r = 0.81; P < 0.0001). Transduction of tumor nodules was observed in the animals that received a matrix‐targeted, but not a nontargeted, vector.ConclusionsWe have established a reproducible nude mouse model of liver metastasis, and demonstrated the feasibility of gene delivery to metastatic tumor nodules in vivo by portal vein infusions of a matrix‐targeted retroviral vector. J. Surg. Oncol. 2003;82:121–130. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Heterotopic ossification in rectal cancer: Rare finding with a novel proposed mechanism
Authors: Kypson Alan P. , Morphew Emilie , Jones Relief , Gottfried Marcia R. , Seigler Hilliard F. 
Published: January 2003

AbstractThe rare finding of heterotopic ossification in a case of primary rectal adenocarcinoma is described along with a review of the literature. Immunohistochemistry for a bone morphogenic protein (BMP‐2) and fibroblast growth factor (FGF‐2), both of which induce and stimulate bone formation, was performed and revealed overexpression of BMP‐2 by the tumor cells, elucidating a possible mechanism which up to now had been based merely on speculation. J. Surg. Oncol. 2003;82:132–136. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
p53 alteration is not an independent prognostic indicator, but affects the efficacy of adjuvant chemotherapy in human pancreatic cancer
Authors: Dong Ming , Nio Yoshinori , Yamasawa Kunihiro , Toga Tomoko , Yue Lishuang , Harada Takayuki 
Published: January 2003

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesMutations in the p53 gene are found in more than 50% of human cancers and are observed in 60–80% of pancreatic cancers. The clinicopathologic implications of p53 abnormalities and their effects on the efficacy of the adjuvant chemotherapy for pancreatic cancer remain controversial.MethodsWe investigated the p53 status in core exon‐4 to −9 (codon 33–331) by direct DNA sequencing in a series of 72 pancreatic cancers and analyzed the effects of p53 abnormalities on the patients' survival and the efficacy of adjuvant chemotherapy.Resultsp53 mutations were found in 62.5% (45/72) of cases, including 38 point mutations and 7 frameshift mutations. The subtypes of p53 mutations included 68.9% (31/45) transitions and 15.6% (7/45) transversions. 39.5% (15/38) of point mutations were CGT (Arg) to CAT (His) mutation at codon‐273 of exon‐8. 34.2% (13/38) of point mutations were CGG (Arg) to TGG (Trp) mutation at codon‐248 of exon‐7. Of seven frameshift mutations, four were seen at exon‐4, two at exon‐5, and one at exon‐6. Of overall cases, p53 abnormalities were not associated with a poorly differentiated grade and an advanced stage. The relationship of adjuvant chemotherapy to survival is approaching statistical significance. Univariate analysis showed that in the p53 mutation group, the patients who received adjuvant chemotherapy had a better survival ratio than that of patients who did not do. Multivariate analysis indicated that in the group with p53 mutations, the significant factors for survival were adjuvant chemotherapy, histologic grade, and clinical stage. However, in the group with a wild‐type p53 gene, only histologic grade was a significant factor. In addition, 34.7% (25/72) of the cases harbor p53 polymorphism mutation only at codon‐72 of exon‐4, which did not show any significant effect on the pathology, prognosis, and efficacy of adjuvant chemotherapy of the pancreatic cancers.ConclusionsA p53 abnormality was not an independent factor for evaluating the prognosis of patients with pancreatic cancer, but was a beneficial indicator for selecting a reasonable strategy of adjuvant chemotherapy against pancreatic cancer. J. Surg. Oncol. 2003;82:111–120. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Association between extent of axillary lymph node dissection and patient, tumor, surgeon, and hospital factors in patients with early breast cancer
Authors: Petrik David W. , McCready David R. , Sawka Carol A. , Goel Vivek 
Published: January 2003

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesAxillary lymph node dissection (ALND) in patients with breast cancer is crucial for accurate staging, provides excellent regional tumor control, and is included in the standard of care for the surgical treatment of breast cancer. However, the extent of ALND varies, and the extent of dissection and the number of lymph nodes that comprise an optimal axillary dissection are under debate. Despite conflicting evidence, several studies have shown that improved survival is correlated with more lymph nodes removed in both node‐negative and node‐positive patients. The purpose of this study is to determine which patient, tumor, surgeon, and hospital characteristics are associated with the number of nodes excised in early breast cancer patients.MethodsA random sample of 938 women with node‐negative breast cancer was drawn from the Ontario Cancer Registry and the data supplemented with chart reviews. The extent of axillary dissection was studied by examining the number of nodes examined in relation to the patient, tumor, surgeon, and hospital factors.ResultsThe mean number of lymph nodes excised was 9.8 (SD = 4.8; range, 1–31), and 49% of patients had ≥10 nodes excised. Lower patient age was associated with the excision of more lymph nodes (≥10 nodes: 63% of patients <40 years vs. 38% of patients ≥80 years). Surgeon academic affiliation and surgery in a teaching hospital were highly correlated with each other and were significantly associated with the excision of ≥10 nodes. The number of nodes excised was not associated with any tumor factors, nor with the breast operation performed. These results were confirmed with multivariable models.ConclusionsEven though the number of lymph nodes found in the pathologic specimen can be influenced by factors other than surgical technique (e.g., number of nodes present, specimen handling, and pathologic examination), this study shows significant variation of this variable and an association with several patient and surgeon/hospital factors. This variation and the association with survival warrant further study and effort at greater consistency. J. Surg. Oncol. 2003;82:84–90. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Intradermal radioisotope injection is superior to subdermal injection for the identification of the sentinel node in breast cancer patients
Authors: Motomura Kazuyoshi , Komoike Yoshifumi , Hasegawa Yoshihisa , Kasugai Tsutomu , Inaji Hideo , Noguchi Shinzaburo , Koyama Hiroki 
Published: January 2003

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThe purpose of the present study was to evaluate whether the intradermal injection of radiocolloids would improve the identification rate of sentinel nodes over the subdermal injection in breast cancer patients.MethodsSentinel node biopsy was performed in T2 breast cancer patients with clinically negative nodes, using subdermal or intradermal injection of radioisotopes with the peritumoral dye injection. We used Tc‐99m tin colloid, with a larger particle size (0.4–5 μm), rather than sulfur colloid and colloidal albumin.ResultsThe initial 55 patients underwent subdermal injection of radiocolloids; the next 61 patients underwent intradermal injection of radiocolloids for sentinel node biopsy. The detection rate of sentinel nodes was significantly (P = 0.048) higher in the intradermal injection group (61/61, 100%) than in the subdermal injection group (51/55, 92.7%). False‐negative rates were comparable between the two groups. Lymphoscintigraphy visualized the sentinel nodes significantly (P < 0.0001) more often in the intradermal injection group (59/61, 96.7%) than in the subdermal injection group (20/54, 37.0%).ConclusionsA significantly higher identification rate of sentinel node biopsy and lymphoscintigraphy can be achieved by intradermal injection of Tc‐99m tin colloid with a large particle size than by subdermal injection. J. Surg. Oncol. 2003;82:91–97. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Significance of reduction surgery in multidisciplinary treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma with multiple intrahepatic lesions
Authors: Wakabayashi Hisao , Ushiyama Takafumi , Ishimura Ken , Izuishi Kunihiko , Karasawa Yukihiko , Masaki Tsutomu , Watanabe Seishiro , Kuriyama Shigeki , Maeta Hajime 
Published: January 2003

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesBy comparing the survival rates of patients treated with or without surgery, the significance of, and the indication for, reduction surgery in the multidisciplinary treatment of patients with HCC with multiple intrahepatic lesions were examined.MethodsIn patients with HCC with multiple intrahepatic lesions, cumulative survival rates were determined and compared for 28 patients (group S) who underwent reductive hepatic resection and 43 (group N) who were treated nonsurgically by transcatheter arterial infusion chemotherapy (TAI), transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE), or percutaneous transhepatic ethanol injection therapy. In group S, 20 patients had adjuvant therapy, consisting of ethanol injection therapy or microwave coagulonecrotic therapy for the remaining satellite lesions during hepatectomy, and all patients in this group underwent TAI or TACE postoperatively. The influence of surgery on patient survival was examined by multiple regression analysis using the Cox's hazard model; then, for each prognostic factor, survival rates were obtained and compared between the groups.ResultsIn group S, the 1‐, 3‐, and 5‐year cumulative survival rates were 58.2%, 27.1%, and 21.7%, whereas the corresponding values in group N were 34.3%, 4.7%, and 4.7%, the difference being statistically significant (P = 0.0239). In group S, the 1‐, 3‐, and 5‐year cumulative survival rates for patients without intraoperative adjuvant therapy were 25%, 0%, and 0%, whereas those for patients with intraoperative adjuvant therapy were 72.7%, 41.3%, and 33.0% (P = 0.001). Multiple regression analysis showed that hepatic resection, the Child‐Pugh score, and the size of the main tumor affected survival independently. Univariate analysis of differences in the cumulative survival rates between the groups as a function of prognostic factor showed that group S had statistically significant better survival rates than group N in those subgroups of patients who were <60 years old, with HBV infection, with a Child‐Pugh score of 5 or 6, with a main tumor of <5‐cm diameter, with <5 tumors, or without portal thrombi.ConclusionsWhen combined with intraoperative adjuvant therapy for remaining satellite tumors, reduction surgery provided survival benefit for patients with HCC with multiple intrahepatic lesions in those groups of patients selected by criteria determined in this study. J. Surg. Oncol. 2003;82:98–103. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prognostic use of growth characteristics of early gastric cancer and expression patterns of apoptotic, cell proliferation, and cell adhesion proteins
Authors: Pan Wensheng , Ishii Hideaki , Ebihara Yoshiro , Gobe Glenda 
Published: January 2003

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesSelection of suitable treatment for early gastric cancers, such as endoscopic mucosal resection or the major surgical option of resection of the cancer together with a radical lymph node dissection, may be assisted by comparing the growth characteristics of the cancer with selected molecular characteristics. The results could be used to predict those cases that have a higher risk of developing secondary metastases.MethodsA total of 1,196 Japanese patients with early gastric cancers (648 mucosal cancers and 548 submucosal) were included in the selection of two groups: a metastatic group made up 57 cancers with lymph node metastasis (9 mucosal, 48 submucosal), and a nonmetastatic group of 61 cases (6 mucosal, 55 submucosal) without lymph node metastasis. Growth characteristics of the cancers (superficially spreading, penetrating or invasive, lymph node metastasis) were compared with immunohistochemical expression of single‐stranded DNA (ssDNA) protein (apoptosis indicator), bcl‐2 and p53 (apoptosis‐associated), Ki‐67 (cell proliferation), and E‐cadherin (cell adhesion) proteins.ResultsThe lesions in the nonmetastatic group had higher levels of apoptosis and lower expression of bcl‐2 than in the metastatic group, indicating an inhibitory role for apoptosis in malignant progression. Apoptosis was also higher in the superficial compared with the invasive lesions of both groups. The lesions in the metastatic group had higher p53 expression than that of the nonmetastatic group, whereas apoptosis in the metastatic group was lower than in the nonmetastatic group. An unproved explanation for this finding may be that, although increased, p53 was mutated and ineffective in promoting apoptotic control of metastatic progression. E‐cadherin was decreased in the invasive lesions of both groups, indicating a greater ability of these cells to lose adhesion, to invade the submucosa, and to metastasize. Cell proliferation was highest in the superficial lesions of both metastatic and nonmetastatic groups.ConclusionsEarly gastric cancers with low levels of apoptosis, increased bcl‐2, and high levels of p53 expression are more likely to invade and metastasize. J. Surg. Oncol. 2003;82:104–110. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Reduction in lateral thermal damage using heat‐conducting templates: A comparison of continuous wave and pulsed CO2 lasers
Authors: Spector Nicole , Spector Jared , Ellis Darrel L. , Reinisch Lou 
Published: January 2003

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThe advantages of the continuous wave (c.w.) CO2 laser are offset by the delay in laser wound healing secondary to thermal damage. We have developed novel heat‐conducting templates to reduce laser thermal damage. Because shortened pulse durations also decrease thermal damage, we tested the effectiveness of heat‐conducting templates with a c.w. CO2 clinical laser and a short‐pulsed CO2 laser to determine the best method and mechanism to minimize thermal damage.Study Design/Materials and MethodsComparison of 0.2‐second shuttered c.w. and 5‐microsecond pulsed CO2 lasers were made by doing incisions on 150 tissue samples from reduction mammoplasties and abdominoplasties. Copper, aluminum, glass, and Plexiglass heat‐conducting templates were tested against no template (air) with both lasers. Histological samples were evaluated using computerized morphometrics analysis.ResultsStatistically significant reductions in lateral thermal damage were seen with the copper (50%) and aluminum (39%) templates used with the c.w. CO2 laser. Only the copper template (39%) significantly reduced thermal damage when used with the pulsed CO2 laser. Less thermal damage was seen using the pulsed CO2 laser compared to the c.w. CO2 laser with each template.ConclusionsHeat‐conducting templates significantly reduced the amount of lateral thermal damage when used with the c.w. CO2 laser (copper and aluminum) and short‐pulsed CO2 laser (copper). The c.w. CO2 laser with the copper template compared favorably to the short‐pulsed CO2 laser without a template. Therefore, both heat conductive templates and short‐pulse structure provide successful methods for reducing lateral thermal damage, and a combination of the two appears to provide optimal results. Lasers Surg. Med. 32:94–100, 2003. Published 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Role of skin cooling in improving patient tolerability of Q‐switched Alexandrite (QS Alex) laser in nevus of Ota treatment
Authors: Chan Henry H.L. , Lam Lai‐kun , Wong David S.Y. , Wei W.I. 
Published: January 2003

AbstractBackgroundThe development of a high‐energy laser device with very short pulse duration has revolutionized the treatment of nevus of Ota. Nevertheless, patients still suffer from complications that range from the pain and swelling that occur immediately after laser surgery to post‐operative pigmentary changes and scarring. However, the simultaneous use of skin surface cooling and laser surgery may limit the damage of non‐target tissue.ObjectivesTo assess whether epidermal cooling reduces the pain and swelling that commonly occur after laser treatment for nevus of Ota.Study Design/Patients and MethodsThirty‐seven patients with nevus of Ota were recruited from a dermatology outpatient clinic. Before treatment, the research nurse used an ink pen to divide the lesions into two halves. Half of each lesion was treated with a Q‐switched Alex laser system that had a cool sapphire plate in contact as a mean of skin cooling. The other half was treated with the same laser, but with the cooling device switched off. Immediately after treatment, and again 1 week later, the patients answered a questionnaire, which assessed the symptoms that are associated with laser surgery. Dose assessment was performed in each half of the nevus to obtain the optimal fluence that could be used for the treatment of nevus of Ota before the entire half was treated.ResultsThere was no difference in terms of the optimal fluence that was used, but in terms of immediate pain the patients associated the side that was treated with the cooling plate with a significantly lesser degree of pain than the non‐cooled side (P = 0.001). Eighty two percent of the patients preferred the cooled side to the non‐cooled side.ConclusionsPre‐ and post‐operative skin cooling is effective in improving the tolerability of nevus of Ota patients to Q‐switched laser treatment. However, the use of cooling during laser treatment of nevus of Ota did not allow the use of higher fluence. Lasers Surg. Med. 32:148–151, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Novel model for evaluation of epidermal preservation and dermal collagen remodeling following photorejuvenation of human skin
Authors: Kao Bunsho , Kelly Kristen M. , Majaron Boris , Nelson J. Stuart 
Published: January 2003

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesIn order to optimize photorejuvenation of human skin, a method must be developed to reliably compare the potential for epidermal preservation and dermal fibroblast stimulation of different laser devices and irradiation parameters. We describe a novel human skin tissue culture model developed for this purpose.Materials and MethodsAn artificial skin model, consisting of human keratinocytes in the epidermis and human fibroblasts and rat‐tail collagen in the dermis, was cultured using the floating collagen gel (RAFT) method. Repetitive low‐fluence Er:YAG laser irradiation was applied to test the applicability of our RAFT model for characterization of epidermal preservation and dermal fibroblast stimulation post‐laser treatment.ResultsHistopathologic evaluation revealed a thin layer of epidermal keratinocyte preservation immediately after low fluence sub‐ablative Er:YAG laser irradiation. One‐week post‐laser irradiation, the average increase in number of dermal fibroblasts as compared to control was statistically significant (P < 0.01).ConclusionsThe RAFT model can be used to assess the potential for epidermal preservation and dermal fibroblast stimulation of different photorejuvenation devices and irradiation parameters and offers several advantages over traditional animal and human skin models. Lasers Surg. Med. 32:115–119, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.