bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A complex array of factors regulate the activity of Arabidopsis thaliana δ1‐pyrroline‐5‐carboxylate synthetase isoenzymes to ensure their specific role in plant cell metabolism
Authors: Forlani Giuseppe , Sabbioni Giuseppe , Barera Simone , Funck Dietmar 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe first and committed step in proline synthesis from glutamate is catalyzed by δ1‐pyrroline‐5‐carboxylate synthetase (P5CS). Two P5CS genes have been found in most angiosperms, one constitutively expressed to satisfy proline demand for protein synthesis, the other stress‐induced. Despite the number of papers to investigate regulation at the transcriptional level, to date, the properties of the enzymes have been subjected to limited study. The isolation of Arabidopsis thaliana P5CS isoenzymes was achieved through heterologous expression and affinity purification. The two proteins were characterized with respect to kinetic and biochemical properties. AtP5CS2 showed KM values in the micro‐ to millimolar range, and its activity was inhibited by NADP+, ADP and proline, and by glutamine and arginine at high levels. Mg2+ ions were required for activity, which was further stimulated by K+ and other cations. AtP5CS1 displayed positive cooperativity with glutamate and was almost insensitive to inhibition by proline. In the presence of physiological, nonsaturating concentrations of glutamate, proline was slightly stimulatory, and glutamine strongly increased the catalytic rate. Data suggest that the activity of AtP5CS isoenzymes is differentially regulated by a complex array of factors including the concentrations of proline, glutamate, glutamine, monovalent cations and pyridine dinucleotides.
Control of crown rot with potassium carbonate in banana cv. Enano Gigante
Authors: González‐Jiménez Vianey , Moscoso‐Ramírez Pedro A. , Ortiz‐García Carlos F. , Sánchez‐Soto Saúl , Lara‐Viveros Francisco M. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe postharvest antifungal activity of potassium carbonate (PC) against crown rot (CR) was investigated in banana cv. Enano Gigante by artificially inoculating with Colletotrichum musae (Cm) and incubating at 25 ± 1°C for 7 days. PC treatments were tested by in vitro and in vivo primary experiments. The in vivo preliminary concentration of 175 mM PC was selected as the most effective and was used in subsequent experiments on the influence of dip temperature on the effectiveness of PC. Curative dip treatments of 175 mM PC at 40°C for 20 min applied alone or combined with low doses of thiabendazole (TBZ) were evaluated on CR. Finally, the effect of PC on banana fruit quality was determined. PC at 150 and 200 mM totally inhibited mycelial growth and conidial germination of Cm. In in vivo primary experiments, 175 mM PC significantly reduced both the incidence (33.3% reduction) and the severity (90.5% reduction) of CR, but only in curative treatments. When the 175 mM PC dip for 20 min was tested at different temperatures, the curative dip at 40°C was the most effective, reducing CR incidence and severity by 91.6% and 98.8%, respectively, and was used for subsequent experiments. PC combined with TBZ at 225 μL L−1 did not improve the curative control effectiveness on CR compared to PC alone. PC did not affect the quality of banana fruit.
The effectiveness‐equity tradeoff when resources decline: Evidence from environmental policy implementation in the U.S. states
Authors: Park Sanghee , Liang Jiaqi 
Published: January 2024

AbstractDespite a voluminous literature on resource availability and the implications for organizational performance, little is known about how changes in government agencies' resources impact their policy implementation activities and goal prioritization. This article explores how changes in resources affect regulatory enforcement activities by types of resources and policy implementation activities, and whether resource cutbacks prompt a tradeoff of the effectiveness‐equity goals. Using the block‐group level data on the Clean Air Act (CAA) implementation from 2012 to 2019, we find that state environmental agencies prioritize regulatory effectiveness over environmental justice by concentrating their resources on communities where task demands correspond to organizations' core missions. They also promote social equity to some extent when facing spending cutbacks but not staffing cuts. Spending cutbacks had a less severe impact on compliance inspections for more socially vulnerable communities, while those exposed to more imminent environmental harms received more inspections.
Meaning in life mediates the association between depressive symptoms and future frequency of suicidal ideation in Spanish university students: A longitudinal study
Authors: Pérez Rodríguez Sandra , Layrón Folgado Jose Enrique , Guillén Botella Verónica , Marco Salvador Jose H. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIntroductionThere is a need for longitudinal studies that focus on protective factors against suicide in Spain. We analyzed the estimated prevalence of suicidal ideation in a sample of Spanish university students. Second, we explored the relationship between future suicidal ideation, depressive symptoms, suicidal ideation at T1, and meaning in life and its dimensions of meaning and purpose. Third, we analyzed the mediation role of meaning in life between depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation evaluated with Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA).MethodIn this longitudinal study, a total of 718 Spanish university students were assessed at T1, of whom 279 completed questionnaires along with EMA (T2).ResultsThe estimated prevalence of suicidal ideation was 8.4%. Levels of depressive symptoms were positively correlated with suicidal ideation and negatively with meaning in life and its dimensions of meaning and purpose. Meaning in life and its dimensions mediated the relationship between depressive symptoms and subsequent suicidal ideation.DiscussionThere is a high prevalence of suicidal ideation among Spanish university students, and it is associated with depressive symptoms and meaning in life, with the latter acting as a protective factor. Thus, psychotherapeutic prevention programs from a logotherapeutic perspective could help to reduce students' suicide risk.
The correlation between dermoscopy and clinical and pathological tests in the evaluation of skin photoaging
Authors: Zhao Jie , Zhang Xun , Tang Qiao , Bi Yunfeng , Yuan Limei , Yang Binbin , Cai Mei , Zhang Jianzhong , Deng Danqi , Cao Wenting 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundThere are no standards for evaluating skin photoaging. Dermoscopy is a non‐invasive detection method that might be useful for evaluating photoaging.ObjectiveTo assess the correlation between the dermoscopic evaluation of photoaging and clinical and pathological evaluations.MethodsThe age, clinical evaluation (Fitzpatrick classification, Glogau Photoaging Classification, and Chung's standardized image ruler), histopathology (Masson staining and MMP‐1 immunohistochemistry), and dermoscopy (Hu's and Isik's) of 40 donor skin samples were analyzed statistically, and Spearman rank correlation analysis was performed.ResultsThere was a robust correlation between the total Hu scores and Isik dermoscopy. The correlation of dermoscopy with histopathology was higher than that of clinical evaluation methods. There is a strong correlation between telangiectases and lentigo. Xerosis, superficial wrinkle, diffuse erythema, telangiectases, and reticular pigmentation were significantly correlated with the three clinical evaluation methods. Superficial wrinkles were correlated with Masson, MMP‐1, various clinical indicators, and other dermoscopic items.ConclusionThere is a good correlation between dermoscopy and clinical and histopathological examination. Dermoscopy might help evaluate skin photoaging.
The importance of confirmatory assays in testing blood donors for human T‐cell lymphotropic virus
Authors: Martins Marina Lobato , Barbosa‐Stancioli Edel Figueiredo , da Silva‐Malta Maria Clara Fernandes , Nunes Sônia Mara 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesSerological HTLV‐1/2 screening is mandatory for blood donor candidates in Brazil. Our objective was to analyse HTLV test results in blood donors submitted for screening and confirmatory assays in a Brazilian blood bank.Materials and MethodsRetrospective analysis (2017–2022) results of chemiluminescence immunoassays and confirmatory tests for HTLV‐1/2 in reactive donors were performed. During the analysed period, three sets of assays were used: (1) Architect rHTLV‐I/II + HTLV Blot 2.4 (Western blot [WB]); (2) Alinity s HTLV I/II Reagent Kit + INNO‐line immunoassay (LIA) HTLV I/II Score (LIA); (3) Alinity + WB.ResultsThe analysed period comprised a total of 1,557,333 donations. The mean percentage of HTLV reactive donors using the Architect assay was 0.14%. With the change to the Alinity assay, that percentage dropped 2.3‐fold (0.06%). The reactivity rate in the confirmatory tests (1064 samples) ranged from 13.5% to 30.2%, whereas 58.3%–85.9% of samples were non‐reactive. The highest rates of positive (30.2%) and indeterminate (11.5%) results were seen using LIA. Considering all analysed samples, those with signal/cut‐off ratio (S/CO) >50 were positive in confirmatory tests (positive predictive value, PPV = 100%), whereas samples with S/CO ≤6 are very unlikely to be truly positive (PPV = 0).ConclusionThe use of the Alinity assay reduced the frequency of false‐positive results. Confirmatory tests are important to identify true HTLV infection in blood donors, because more than 58% of initially reactive individuals are confirmed as seronegative. Categorizing S/CO values is useful for assessing the likelihood of true HTLV‐1/2 infection.
Weed survey on cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) fields in the Tarim River region of southern Xinjiang
Authors: Xiao Haibing , Dong Hongqiang , Yao Yongsheng , Feng Hongzu , Abid Ali , Riaz Muhammad Asam , Yang Minglu 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis study was conducted to investigate weed infestations of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) fields in the region of Tarim River. Forty‐nine species among 17 families were identified in these cotton fields, and 24 of them were annuals. The eight dominant weed species in the cotton fields of Tarim River basin included Chenopodium glaucum, Solanum nigrum, Chenopodium album, Chenopodium hybridum, Bolboschoenus planiculmis, Sonchus arvensis, Phragmites australis, and Mulgedium tataricum. The number of weed species in the Aksu River tributary area, Yeerqiang River tributary area, and the upper and lower reaches of the Tarim River reached 29, 36, 35, and 33, respectively. Twenty species were found widely distributed among each basin. The dominant weeds in the cotton fields in the Aksu River basin and upper reaches of the Tarim River were S. nigrum and C. glaucum, those in the cotton fields in the Yarkand River basin included C. album and C. hybridum, and those in the cotton fields in the lower reaches of the Tarim River were C. glaucum and C. album. Notably the 20 common surveyed species of C. glaucum, S. nigrum, C. album, C. hybridum, B. planiculmis, S. arvensis, P. australis, M. tataricum, and others, could pose a serious challenge to regional crop production if not adequately controlled. As such, each cotton field should adopt a suitable weeding scheme with strengthened weed monitoring according to the local conditions, especially the weed distribution area characteristics.
Competition of Cd(II) and Pb(II) on the bacterial cells: a new insight from bioaccumulation based on NanoSIMS imaging
Authors: Wang Zhijun , Zhang Ying , Chen Yunhui , Han Feiyu , Shi Yixiao , Pan Shang , Li Zhen 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT

Polymetallic exposure causes complex toxicity to microorganisms. In this study, we investigated the responses of
Escherichia coli
under co-existence of cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb), primarily based on biochemical analysis and RNA sequencing. Cd completely inhibited bacterial growth at a concentration of 2.41 mmol/L, with its removal rate as low as <10%. In contrast, the Pb removal rate was >95% under equimolar sole Pb stress. In addition, the Raman analysis confirmed the loss of proteins for the bacterial cells. Under the co-existence of Cd and Pb, the Cd toxicity to
E. coli
was alleviated. Meanwhile, the biosorption of Pb cations was more intense during the competitive sorption with Cd. Transmission electron microscopy images showed that a few cells were elongated during incubation, i.e., the average cellular length increased from 1.535 ± 0.407 to 1.845 ± 0.620 µm. Moreover, NanoSIMS imaging showed that the intracellular distribution of Cd and Pb was coupled with sulfur. Genes regulating sulfate transporter were also upregulated to promote sulfate assimilation. Then, the subsequent production of biogenic sulfide and sulfur-containing amino acids was enhanced. Although this strategy based on S enrichment could resist the polymetallic stress, not all related genes were induced to upregulate under sole Cd stress. Therefore, the S metabolism might remodel the microbial resistance to variable occurrence of heavy metals. Furthermore, the competitive sorption (in contrast to sole Cd stress) could prevent microbial cells from strong Cd toxicity.

IMPORTANCE
Microbial tolerance and resistance to heavy metals have been widely studied under stress of single metals. However, the polymetallic exposure seems to prevail in the environment. Though microbial resistance can alleviate the effects of exogenous stress, the taxonomic or functional response to polymetallic exposure is still not fully understood. We determined the strong cytotoxicity of cadmium (Cd) on growth, and cell elongation would be driven by Cd stress. The addition of appropriate lead (Pb) showed a stimulating effect on microbial bioactivity. Meanwhile, the biosorption of Pb was more intense during co-existence of Pb and Cd. Our work also revealed the spatial coupling of intracellular S and Cd/Pb. In particular, the S assimilation was promoted by Pb stress. This work elucidated the microbial responses to polymetallic exposure and may provide new insights into the antagonistic function during metal stresses.
Impacts of beaver dams on riverscape burn severity during megafires in the Rocky Mountain region, western United States
Authors: Fairfax Emily , Whipple Alexa , Wheaton Joe M. , Osorio Brandon , Miller Joe , Kirksey Keitreice , Perez Natalie , Gilbert Jordan T. , Jordan Chris E. 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT
Megafires, defined as fires with burn areas greater than 100,000 acres (404.7 km2), result partly from increasingly short wet seasons coupled with consistently hotter, drier summers, and partly from past forest management decisions. Historically rare, megafires have become increasingly common in recent years. In this study, we examined the impact of megafires on riverscapes with beaver dams to explore the resilience of these habitats. We investigated whether beaver-modified riverscapes are more resistant to the impacts of megafires than geomorphically similar riverscapes lacking beaver dams. Our analysis utilized remotely sensed and field-collected data from three Rocky Mountain region megafires that burned in 2020. Our results showed that riparian areas with beaver dams (1537 beaver dams, which occurred in 658 out of 13,933 valley bottom segments evaluated) had significantly reduced burn severity compared to riverscapes without beaver dams or to areas outside the river corridor. Additionally, when riverscapes were classified according to their modeled beaver dam capacities (a metric closely linked to riparian habitat quality), areas with beaver dams had consistently lower burn intensities than those without beaver dams, even within the same theoretical dam capacity class. Our results indicate that riverscapes with a high degree of manipulation by beavers have significant resistance to burning during megafires. This resistance may also provide valuable secondary benefits in postfire ecosystem health, water quality, and biodiversity.
Evaluation of cool-season perennial forage varieties as monocultures and legume–grass binary mixtures under intensive grazing
Authors: Sim Cassidy , Moya Diego , Biligetu Bill , Ribeiro Gabriel O. , Damiran Daalkhaijav , Lardner Herbert A. 
Published: January 2024

In Canada, new forage varieties need not undergo grazing trials before registration and sale. To evaluate the effect of grazing, six cool-season species including meadow bromegrass ( Bromus riparius Rehmann), orchardgrass ( Dactylis glomerata L.), sainfoin ( Onobrychis viciifoila Scop.), and three alfalfa varieties ( Medicago sativa L.) were established in monocultures and grass–legume binary mixtures in Saskatchewan, Canada. Forage treatments were randomly established within each of three 3.5 ha paddock replicates. In Year 1, 69 Bos taurus crossbred steers, and in Year 2, 149 steers were homogenously allocated to the three paddocks for the grazing trials. Alfalfa monocultures had the greatest ( p < 0.05) pre-graze forage yields and crude protein content. Leaf area index was greater in alfalfa monocultures than in all other treatments ( p < 0.01). Etiolated growth differed ( p < 0.05) among binary mixtures but not monocultures. Alfalfa monoculture stands were preferred over grass monocultures and most grass–legume mixtures, and sainfoin was avoided relative to alfalfa. Killarney orchardgrass was the least productive and least preferred among forages evaluated. In summary, alfalfa monocultures had greater ( p < 0.05) forage yields and quality than sainfoin monocultures, grass–legume binary mixtures, or grass monocultures.
Did A. J. Ayer Bring Logical Positivism to England?
Authors: Koterski Artur 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Ayer’s Language, Truth and Logic (1936) was immediately regarded as a clear and faithful presentation of the views of the Vienna Circle to English-speaking readers. Since Ayer wrote this book after his visit to Vienna, where he participated in the meetings of the Circle, one may often hear to this day that he brought logical positivism to England. However, while Ayer’s conception was a form of logical positivism, it significantly differed from its Viennese counterpart(s). The key discrepancies are related to verificationism: this article aims to analyse these discrepancies. It will be claimed that upon his return from Vienna Ayer assumed positions that were no longer, or had never been, held in the Circle: regarding the verification principle, test-statements, phenomenalist reductionism and analyticity.
Can Tacit Know-How Be Acquired via Testimony?
Authors: Malik Abida 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The role of testimony in the transmission and generation of knowledge has been debated vigorously in contemporary epistemology. More recently, types other than propositional knowledge are also being discussed, among them know-how. No special attention, however, has been paid so far to tacit forms of know-how. In this article, I am arguing for the thesis that testimony, if understood in an inclusive way, can play a central role in the transmission and generation of tacit know-how. This thesis is embedded in a virtue-theoretic framework: next to testimony, successful acquisition of tacit know-how crucially depends on the relationship between teacher and student and the virtues they both display.
Resisting Protestant Hegemony: Privileging Coverage in Religion Reporting
Authors: Montalbano Kathryn , Perreault Gregory 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The present study explores how religion reporters in the United States (n = 20) define religion and privilege religious identities, at times also working to combat dominant hegemonic narratives about some of these religious groups. We find that some religion reporters covered religion in ways that reflect the institutional power of religious traditions, whereas others aimed to combat the hegemonic power structures of dominant religious identities by covering less prominent groups or usurping stereotypical framings of other groups. This paper (1) provides a window into the evolving landscape of religious news in the United States, tracing how many of these journalists aim or at least recognize the need to overcome White, Protestant hegemonic lenses for understanding religion in the United States through their reporting, and (2) demonstrates how religion reporters’ approaches to covering religion, even while drawing from secular principles and values of journalism, are a byproduct of religion itself.
Digital Discussions among Women Members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints
Authors: Romero Walker Alexis 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Latter-day Saint women find comfort in community, including in online spaces. This study is a digital observation of a private Facebook group of thousands of lds mothers. It recognizes patterns around conversations of religion, politics, and gender roles. It examines how lds women create or maintain identity through interpretation of moments where vulnerable topics are discussed. The study expresses the importance in better understanding religious groups of women and their communicative practices that influence their identity within private online groups. The study also provides a framework for the methodology of exploring large but private groups on social media platforms.
Religion, covid-19, and a Sense of Community: a Facebook Case Study
Authors: Vail Maggie , Boyle Kris , Brubaker Pamela 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The global lockdown caused by covid-19 sent people online in search of religious support. As a result, a religious community emerged within the Worldwide Unified Facebook group to pray and fast on Good Friday, April 10, 2020, for covid-19. Within seven days of its creation, a thriving and highly interactive 500,000+ member religious online community emerged consisting of individuals representing 99 countries and 32 religions. Through a mixed-method approach, this study investigated the Worldwide Unified member and administrator communication and how interaction within the online group fostered a Sense of Community, which can emerge from shared crises. Through an in-depth content analysis of more than 24,000 Facebook posts, this paper offers insight into how the Worldwide Unified leaders and members created a Sense of Community, highlights how social media groups influence individuals’ religiosity during times of crises, and offers suggestions on how religious leaders can utilize online groups to support communities facing crises.
Survival Ignored? Ethiopian Media’s Framing of the Terror Attack against Ethiopian Christians in Libya
Authors: Kumlachew Sileshie Semahagne 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The paper explores whether Ethiopian media report on the religious reasons behind the terrorist attack against 30 Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahdo Church (eotc) followers in Libya in 2015. A framing analysis of newspaper articles reporting on the event reveal that the religious identity of the victims, and the religious justification for the massacre, have been suppressed, and it has been presented as a common, criminal offence, and political act. The government is found to be the dominant framing force creating and shifting public opinion in the reports, while the eotc’s influence is found to be restricted. The state newspaper Addis Zemen shows favoritism towards the government in its framing of the event. The private newspapers are critical of this favoritism. It is found that journalists’ perceiving that secularism means writing articles and news reports that are free of religion, and anti-eotc rhetoric that has been voiced by consecutive governments since the 1970s appear to be contributing factors to this framing negligence.