bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advanced‐scope pharmacist roles in medical outpatient clinics: a cost‐consequence analysis
Authors: Snoswell Centaine L. , De Guzman Keshia R. , Barras Michael 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundThere is a growing body of evidence that supports the clinical effectiveness of pharmacist roles in outpatient settings. However, limited studies have investigated the economic efficiency of advanced‐scope outpatient pharmacist roles, particularly in the Australian setting. Assessing the overall costs and benefits of these outpatient pharmacist roles is needed to ensure service sustainability.AimsTo use a cost‐consequence approach to evaluate the advanced‐scope outpatient pharmacist roles across multiple clinic disciplines from the hospital perspective.MethodsA cost‐consequence analysis was undertaken using data from a previous clinical‐effectiveness study. All outpatient pharmacist consults conducted from 1 June 2019 to 31 May 2020 across 18 clinic disciplines were evaluated. Consequences from the pharmacist services included number of consults conducted, number of medication‐related activities and number of resolved recommendations.ResultsThe overall cost to the hospital for the outpatient pharmacist service across all clinics was AU$1 991 122, with a potential remuneration of AU$3 895 247. There were 10 059 pharmacist consults undertaken for the 12‐month period. Medication‐related activities performed by pharmacists primarily included 6438 counselling and education activities and 4307 medication list activities. When the specialist pharmacist roles were added to the outpatient clinics, several health service benefits were also realised.ConclusionsThe addition of pharmacist roles to outpatient clinics can increase the cost of services; however, they also can increase medication optimisation activities. Future research should examine a societal perspective that includes broader cost and effectiveness outcomes. This study could justify the implementation of advanced‐scope outpatient pharmacist roles in other Australian hospitals.
Depression, anxiety, stress, and job performance among Turkish nurses in the early post‐earthquake period
Authors: Sert Havva , Gulbahar Eren Merve , Koc Ferhat , Yurumez Yusuf 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundIndividual and social concerns can negatively affect nurses’ mental health during a large‐scale earthquake's early stages, making it challenging to perform their professional responsibilities.AimThis cross‐sectional correlational study aimed to examine the relationship between depression, anxiety, and stress levels Turkish nurses experienced during an earthquake's early period. The nurses participating in this study were not directly present in the earthquake‐affected area.MethodsThe study was conducted on 232 nurses between February 10 and 25, 2023. The data were collected using the Depression, Anxiety, Stress‐21 Scale and the Job Performance Evaluation Form developed by the researchers through a literature review. These were used to investigate nurses’ work motivation changes due to the earthquake. The study followed the STROBE checklist for cross‐sectional studies.ResultsThe participants’ depression levels were severe, anxiety levels were extremely severe, and stress levels were moderate following the earthquake. Nurses who felt exhausted experienced reduced energy levels toward their work and reported a decrease in their desire, effort, and work motivation to perform well. In addition, they had higher depression, anxiety, and stress scores (p < 0.005).ConclusionPsychological difficulties, including depression, anxiety, and stress experienced by nurses not directly present in an earthquake‐affected area, reduced their professional efforts and motivation and negatively affected the patient care process. Further studies should focus on conducting comparative studies in different cultures affected by natural disasters on the longitudinal analysis of the impacts of nurses' psychological distress on their job performance.Implications for nursing and health policyNursing policymakers should be aware of the negative psychological effects experienced by nurses during the early post‐earthquake period, even if they are not directly present in the earthquake‐affected area. The study recommended that nurses should be provided with psychological support to deal with the negative effects of natural disasters and maintain job performance, including the nursing care process.
Complete control and strengthening over iron oxide porous structures freeze cast under oscillating magnetic fields
Authors: Fernquist Josh R. , Naleway Steven E. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPorous scaffolds can be utilized in a variety of biomedical as well as mechanical applications. The process of freeze casting is a successful method to fabricate these porous structures but with ideal characteristics in only one direction (the ice‐growth direction). The application of magnetic fields led to an increase in both the microstructural control and mechanical strength in an additional orthogonal direction. The application of these weak, uniform fields (≤20 mT), in particular oscillating fields from a Helmholtz coils setup, has led to increases in mechanical strength through microstructural alignment in multiple material types. However, structures fabricated from these uniform fields have primarily been compared to each other, with little research comparing them to structures fabricated under strong, non‐uniform fields from permanent magnet setups. Therefore, iron‐oxide scaffolds were fabricated under weak, uniform fields (≤20 mT) as well as strong, non‐uniform fields (≥20 mT), and their mechanical and microstructural properties were compared to one another. The application of weak, uniform fields led to superior mechanical properties compared to those produced from the application of strong, non‐uniform fields, no distortions in the physical structure of the freeze‐cast scaffold, and the best microstructural alignment ever seen in freeze‐cast structures.
Parameterizing Debt Maturity
Authors: BARRETT PHILIP , JOHNS CHRISTOPHER 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWe examine ways to describe the maturity structure of public debts using few parameters. We compile a novel data set of all promised future payments for U.S. and UK government debt from every month since 1869, and more recently for Peru, Poland, Egypt, and Nigeria. We show there is a unique parametric form which does not arbitrarily restrict debt issuance. We use this model to parsimoniously describe the evolution of public debt maturities and to characterize the relationship between maturity and the term structure of interest rates in the United States since 1940.
Fabrication, organoleptic evaluation and in vitro characterization of cream loaded with Carica papaya seed extract
Authors: Sarfraz Muhammad , Shabbir Kanwal , Adnan Qazi , Khan Haji Muhammad Shoaib , Shirazi Jafir Hussain , Sabir Hamna , Mehmood Nimrah , Bin Jardan Yousef A. , Khan Kifayat Ullah , Basit Abdul 
Published: December 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe current study aimed to provide preliminary insights into potential biopharmaceutical applications of Carica papaya seed extract by evaluating its phytochemical and biological profiles. Furthermore, the study aimed to develop a stable oil‐in‐water (O/W) emulsion for the effective delivery of antioxidant‐rich biologicals for cosmetic purposes.MethodsThe hydroethanolic (ethanol 80%: 20% water) extract of C. papaya seeds was prepared via maceration technique. The chemical composition was carried out through preliminary phytochemical screening and estimation of total phenolic contents (TPC) and total flavonoid contents (TFC). The biological profile of the extract was explored using various in‐vitro antioxidant methods. The homogenization procedure was used to create a cream of O/W and various tests were applied to assess the stability of the emulsion. By keeping the emulsion at different storage conditions (8 ± 0.5°C, 25 ± 0.5°C, 40 ± 0.5°C, and 40 ± 0.5°C ± 75% relative humidity [RH]) for a period of 28 days), the physical stability parameters of the emulsion, including pH, viscosity, centrifugation, phase separation, and conductivity, as well as rheological parameters and organoleptic parameters (odor, color, liquefaction, and creaming), were assessed.ResultsThe preliminary phytochemical screening assay revealed the presence of various plant secondary metabolites including alkaloids, phenolics, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and quinones. The extract was found to be rich in TPC and TFC. The in vitro antioxidant study gave maximum activity in the DPPH method. The plant extract containing cosmetic cream exhibited remarkable stability during the entire research. Data gathered indicated that no phase separation or liquefaction was seen after the experimental period. Throughout the experimental period, a small variation in the pH and conductivity values of the base and formulation was seen.ConclusionThe findings suggest that the seed extract of C. papaya is a rich source of polyphenols with antioxidant potential and can be a promising alternative for the treatment of various ailments. The stability of emulsion paves the way for its utilization as a carrier for the delivery of 3% C. papaya seed extract and applications in cosmetics products.
A meta‐synthesis exploring nurses' experiences of assisted dying and participation decision‐making
Authors: Bustin Heather , Jamieson Isabel , Seay Christopher , Reid Kate 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAims and ObjectivesTo explore nurses' experiences of assisted dying and understand how their perspectives inform their participation decision‐making.BackgroundAssisted dying is a complex and contentious issue with the potential to create moral unrest for nurses. The nursing role in assisted dying varies between jurisdictions.DesignSystematic review. A meta‐synthesis using thematic analysis.MethodsThree electronic databases were searched for primary qualitative studies published in English, from New Zealand, Australia or Canada, up to October 2022. Seven articles were included; themes were analysed and key themes were established. Reporting adhered to PRISMA.ResultsThe findings highlight the complexity of nurses' decision‐making about participation or non‐participation in assisted dying and the moral, philosophical and social influences that impact on their decision‐making. This is presented as a spectrum of influence which persuades or dissuades nurses to participate in assisted dying. The 12 themes have been categorised into four key themes: personal persuaders, personal dissuaders, professional persuaders and professional dissuaders.ConclusionsThe findings suggest that nurses should be involved in policy and procedure guideline development and be offered education and training programmes to ensure safe, confident and informed practice. The need for mentorship programmes was also prevalent in the research.Relevance to Clinical PracticeIt is crucial that nurses be offered education and training in assisted dying. Clear policy and procedure guidelines are essential, and nurses should be involved in the development of these.
Identification of resistant cowpea genotypes and aggressiveness of Macrophomina phaseolina isolates by diallel analysis
Authors: Silva Pedro Ivo Silvestre Siqueira e , Pinto Francisco Álef Carlos , Costa Antonio Elton da Silva , Santos Jane Clésia Silva dos , Valdevino Ana Beatriz Joy Maciel , Borel Jeronimo Constantino , Ishikawa Francine Hiromi 
Published: December 2023

AbstractCowpea is grown in semiarid regions of Brazil. However, the occurrence of diseases, such as charcoal rot, is one of the main limiting factors to production. Disease is caused by the fungus Macrophomina spp., one of the most important plant pathogens in semiarid conditions. The use of resistant cultivars is the most effective method to control this disease. The objective of this study was to evaluate cowpea lines inoculated with different Macrophomina phaseolina isolates to determine the aggressiveness of the pathogen isolates and the predominant type of resistance in the host. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design, using a 5 × 10 factorial scheme with five replications (two plants per pot) in two independent crops. Partial diallel analysis was used to assess the reaction of host genotypes (horizontal and vertical resistance) and the aggressiveness of the isolates. Host reaction and pathogen aggressiveness were analysed by lesion length. Horizontal resistance was observed, corresponding to 56.69% of the variation. The lines L19, L29, L48, and L95 were the most resistant based on estimates of general responsiveness. Among the M. phaseolina isolates evaluated, N105 and ISO16 were the most aggressive based on general aggressiveness ability. By diallel analysis, we identified the most promising genotypes, as well as the most aggressive isolates.
How to Apply Intraoperative Ultrasound when Spinal Trauma Surgery Is Performed in the Lateral Decubitus Position?
Authors: Li Bohan , Liu Fayin , Gao Chunzheng , Qiao Yong , Zhao Jie , Song Yang , Xu Wen , Zhao Kun , Dou Chuanhong , Du Hang , Kong Xiaoqian , Wu Dongjin 
Published: December 2023

ObjectiveAt present, intraoperative ultrasound was widely used in spinal surgery. But there have been no reports on the use of intraoperative ultrasound in lateral decubitus position spinal surgery. The authors’ research objective was to describe the applications of intraoperative ultrasound in spinal trauma surgery when performed in the lateral decubitus position.MethodsSix patients with polytrauma who underwent surgery for spinal trauma between June 2020 and March 2022 and could not be operated on using a posterior approach in the prone position. All six patients underwent surgery in the lateral decubitus position. During surgery, a capsular bag had been designed and surgical field can be filled with normal saline for acoustic coupling, and then ultrasound was used to observe and guide decompression, and assess injuries of the neural elements such as the spinal cord. The data of preoperative and postoperative (12 months) American Spinal Injury Association impairment scale (AIS), follow‐up time, operation time, blood loss, ultrasound signal change of spinal cord, ultrasound guide decompression, internal fixation (12 months), and fracture healing(12 months) were collected.ResultsThe study included four males and two females whose ages ranged from 19 to 56 years old (41.5 ± 13.06 years old). Follow‐up times ranged from 12 to 20 months (14.33 ± 2.75 months). The operation times ranged from 195 to 248 mins (222.16 ± 16.86 mins). The estimated volume of blood loss ranged from 280 to 450 mL (383.33 ± 55.58 mL). The six cases’ AIS (preoperative vs. postoperative) were A versus A, C versus D, A versus B, B versus B, B versus C, and B versus C. Intraoperative ultrasound was performed successfully in all patients using our designed method. Intraoperative ultrasound observation revealed varying degrees of changes in spinal cord echo in all patients. Intraoperative ultrasound provided excellent assistance in spinal cord decompression during surgery. The surgery was completed successfully with no surgery‐related complications till the last follow‐up. At the time of last follow‐up (median time of 12 months) satisfactory fracture reduction and good internal fixation was confirmed on postoperative computed tomography scans and radiographs.ConclusionsThe authors represented the technology of intraoperative ultrasound in spinal trauma surgery when performed in the lateral decubitus position. This technology solves how to apply intraoperative ultrasound in lateral decubitus position.
Challenges associated with access to plasma‐derived medicinal products in low middle‐income and low‐income countries
Authors: El Ekiaby Magdy , Diop Saliou , Gouider Emna , Moftah Faten 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesPlasma‐derived medicinal products (PDMPs) are essential to treat many chronic conditions such as haemophilia and primary immunodeficiency. Patients living in low middle‐income and low‐income countries (LMICs and LICs, respectively) have limited access to PDMPs. The aim of this article is to explore the challenges of accessing PDMPs in LMICs and LICs.Materials and MethodsA review of the literature and reports on blood safety, plasma production and its utilization to produce PDMPs in LMICs and LICs was carried out.ResultsThere is huge wastage of recovered plasma in LMICs and LICs as a result of a lack of good manufacturing practice (GMP) in the production of plasma for fractionation. Together with the high cost of imported PDMP procurement, patients have limited access to such products.ConclusionThere is a need to improve the situation by using domestically sourced plasma through the initiation of local plasma programmes through a stepwise approach to improve access to PDMPs in LMICs and LICs.
New insight into genetic diversity of zoonotic‐potential Ancylostoma ceylanicum in stray cats living in Bangkok, Thailand, based on deep amplicon sequencing
Authors: Jitsamai Wanarit , Kamkong Patchana , Traub Rebecca J. , Taweethavonsawat Piyanan 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAimsThis study aimed to characterize feline hookworms from stray cats living in Bangkok.Methods and ResultsA total of 56 hookworm‐positive faecal samples were identified for hookworm species by using PCR targeting the ITS1, 5.8S, and ITS2 fragment and qPCR targeting ITS2. Of 56 samples, 96.4% (54/56) were identified as Ancylostoma ceylanicum and 1.8% (1/56) as Ancylostoma caninum. With qPCR, 89.3% (50/56) were identified as single A. ceylanicum infection and 5.4% (3/56) as coinfection of A. ceylanicum and A. caninum. For genetic characterization of A. ceylanicum, 10 samples were pooled, and the partial COI gene was amplified, followed by deep amplicon sequencing. Five pooled samples were analysed, and 99.73% were identified with A. ceylanicum sequences, which were allocated into 19 haplotypes (AC01‐AC19). Genetic diversity findings for A. ceylanicum in Asia revealed that three of eight haplotypes considered of zoonotic significance occurred in humans, dogs, and cats, including haplotypes H01, H20, and H21. The predominant haplotype in this study, AC01, was clustered with H01‐a zoonotic haplotype.ConclusionsThe diversity obtained by deep amplicon sequencing supported that the A. ceylanicum community had high genetic variation. Deep amplicon sequencing was a useful method to determine source, zoonotic potential, and host–parasite relationship.
Electrostatic Charge on Smartphone Surfaces
Authors: Voccio John , Merino Valeria Vivas , Zenouzi Mansour , Seredinski Andrew , Burgess William , Daly Nicholas 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Mobile phones, tablets, and capacitive touchscreens, in general, are ubiquitous in modern society. In this study, the electrostatic charge present near the capacitive touchscreen surfaces was investigated. Results from a Faraday pail experiment indicate that smartphones present an electrostatic charge due to charging and that the magnitude of this charge can vary due to adding additional materials, such as those used as common screen protectors, or by triboelectric events, such as rubbing against another material, as is the case when removing a phone from a pants pocket, for example. Furthermore, this charge increases with lower ambient relative humidity. Understanding these electrostatic charge behaviors may prove useful in minimizing the possibility of either attracting or dispersing unwanted electrically charged particles, such as dust, viruses, or contaminated aerosols, especially in indoor environments with low relative humidity (RH &lt; 40%).
Development of a fumonisin-sensitive
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
indicator strain and utilization for activity testing of candidate detoxification genes
Authors: Krska Tamara , Twaruschek Krisztian , Valente Nina , Mitterbauer Rudolf , Moll Dieter , Wiesenberger Gerlinde , Berthiller Franz , Adam Gerhard 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT

Fumonisins, produced mainly by various
Fusarium
species, are sphinganine-analog mycotoxins and potent inhibitors of ceramide synthases in animals, plants, and other eukaryotes, leading to toxicity and programmed cell death. Wild-type baker’s yeast is naturally highly resistant to fumonisin B
1
(FB1); on rich medium, it tolerates more than 1,000 µM. We report the construction of a fumonisin-sensitive
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
strain with six disrupted genes:
SNQ2
,
PDR12
, and
YOR1
, coding for ATP-binding cassette transporters involved in active efflux;
CKA2
, encoding casein kinase II, regulating ceramide synthase activity by phosphorylation; and
LCB3
and
VPS51
, encoding proteins involved in the biosynthesis and recycling of sphingolipid precursors, respectively. The constructed FB1-sensitive strain YTKT33 was tested on complex yeast extract-peptone-dextrose (YPD) and synthetic complete medium alongside the wild-type strain and strains with only three (YRU74) or five (YRU94ML) disrupted genes. YTKT33, exhibiting full growth inhibition at a concentration below 5 µM FB1 on synthetic complete agar lacking uracil (SC-URA), was used as a host for heterologous expression of previously reported fumonisin detoxification genes. Transformants expressing either the
Sphingopyxis fumD
esterase, which removes removing tricarballylic acid side chains, or an
Aspergillus
amine oxidase, which converts the amino- to a keto-group, can grow at FB1 concentrations inhibitory for transformants containing the empty vector. YTKT33 was inhibited by other type B fumonisins (B
2
, B
3
, B
4
) at concentrations very similar to FB1, allowing rapid evaluation of total fumonisin toxicity in crude fungal extracts.

IMPORTANCE

Fumonisins can cause diseases in animals and humans consuming
Fusarium
-contaminated food or feed. The search for microbes capable of fumonisin degradation, or for enzymes that can detoxify fumonisins, currently relies primarily on chemical detection methods. Our constructed fumonisin B1-sensitive yeast strain can be used to phenotypically detect detoxification activity and should be useful in screening for novel fumonisin resistance genes and to elucidate fumonisin metabolism and resistance mechanisms in fungi and plants, and thereby, in the long term, help to mitigate the threat of fumonisins in feed and food.