bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Benign Cephalic Histiocytosis in a British‐African Child
Authors: Dadzie Ophelia , Hopster Debbie , Cerio Rino , Wakeel Riadh 
Published: September 2005

Abstract:  A 14‐month‐old British‐African child presented with an asymptomatic eruption localized to her face and upper limbs. At the age of 17 months the eruption had started to spontaneously regress. Histologic examination of a biopsy specimen from a papular lesion on the arm showed a histiocytic infiltrate in the superficial dermis. Immunohistochemical studies showed negative staining for the Langerhans cell markers, CD1a and S‐100 protein, while staining for the macrophage/histiocytic markers, CD68 and factor XIIIa, were positive. The clinical and histologic features in this patient are consistent with the rare, non‐Langerhans, histiocytic disorder known as benign cephalic histiocytosis. As far as we are aware, this represents the first published occurrence in a child of African origin, emphasizing the widespread nature of this condition.
RISCALW: A Windows Program for Risk Calculation in Families with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
Authors: Fischer C. , Krüger J. , Gross W. 
Published: September 2005

SummaryRISCALW is a novel convenient Windows program for risk calculation in families with Duchenne muscular dystrophy. It is based on an extended genetic model which includes germline mosaicism and different new mutation rates depending on sex and mutation type. Arbitrary family structures and additional diagnostic information such as genotypes from intragenic and flanking genetic markers of the dystrophin gene, creatin kinase values, and female deletion test results can be taken into account. Comprehensive online help is available. RISCALW has been extensively tested in more than 100 families. The user is able to perform risk calculations in large families in an easy way, and thus explore the dependence of the results on different model assumptions, for example different mutation rates in males and females. A detailed handbook and example files are distributed with the program.RISCALW is freely available for scientific use at http://www.riscalw.uni‐hd.de.
A Comparison of Individual Genotyping and Pooled DNA Analysis for Polymorphism Validation Prior to Large‐Scale Genetic Studies
Authors: Yang H.‐C. , Lin C.‐H. , Hung S.‐I. , Fann C. S. J. 
Published: September 2005

SummaryPolymorphism validation is an important issue in genetic studies because only polymorphic markers provide useful information. We analyzed genetic data for 180 SNPs in the human major histocompatibility complex region in Caucasian and Taiwanese populations, and evaluated ethnic heterogeneity between these populations to illustrate the importance of polymorphism validation. An initial individual genotyping experiment (IGE) with 95 samples was compared with a DNA pooling allele‐typing experiment (PAE) of 630 individuals for polymorphism validation based on authentic data sets. Afterwards, all samples were genotyped individually in a confirmation study. Under narrow (broad) polymorphism criteria, 24 (41) polymorphic SNPs in Caucasians could not be validated in the Taiwanese population, suggesting a 13% (23%) inconsistency rate and revealing a strong discrepancy between genetic backgrounds, probably due to ethnic heterogeneity. IGE yielded high sensitivity and specificity for polymorphism validation, but may be sensitive to sampling variation. PAE showed high sensitivity (97%) and specificity (100%) using a narrow polymorphism criterion, but reduced specificity (83%) using a broad criterion. Public domain polymorphism databases should therefore be used with caution and polymorphism validation should be performed routinely prior to conducting large‐scale genetic studies. PAE is a cost‐saving, reliable alternative to IGE for polymorphism validation, especially for a stringent polymorphism criterion.
Comparison of Two Luting Agents Used for the Retention of Cast Dowel and Cores
Authors: Habib Barry , Von Fraunhofer Joseph Anthony , Driscoll Carl F. 
Published: September 2005

Purpose: The first purpose of this study was to compare the retentive values of zinc phosphate and Panavia F resin cements when used for luting cast dowel and cores. The second purpose was to determine whether the use of a lubricant when making the resin pattern for a custom dowel and core would have an effect on the final retention of dowels cemented with either zinc phosphate or Panavia F cements.
Methods and Materials: Sixty‐three caries‐free extracted single‐rooted human teeth were randomly divided into three groups of 21. Root canal preparations were standardized for all 63 teeth. Clinical protocols for fabricating and cementing dowel and core restorations were examined, comparing zinc phosphate and Panavia F resin cements. Direct dowel patterns were fabricated using the Para Post system and cast in a noble metal alloy. Group I dowel spaces were lubricated with GC lubricant prior to dowel pattern fabrication and cleaned with Cavidry solvent before cementing the cast dowel and core with zinc phosphate cement. Group II dowel spaces were rinsed with water only prior to dowel pattern fabrication. The dowels and cores in this group were cemented with Panavia F resin cement. Group III dowel spaces were lubricated with GC lubricant prior to dowel pattern fabrication; the dowel spaces were cleaned with Cavidry solvent before the cast dowel and cores were cemented with Panavia F cement. The tensile force necessary to remove the cast dowel and cores was determined using a universal testing machine. Results were statistically analyzed using one‐way ANOVA and Tukey's HSD test.
Results: The dowels and cores in Group I had significantly higher retentive values than either of the two Panavia F groups (p≤ 0.001). No difference in retentive values (p > 0.05) was found between dowels luted with either of the lubricating agents in the Panavia F groups.
Conclusions: Zinc phosphate cement had higher retentive values when cementing cast dowel and cores than Panavia F. The type of lubricant used for the resin dowel fabrication (water or GC lubricant that was removed with a solvent) had no effect on the retention of cast dowels cemented with Panavia F.
Compliance of Resilient Denture Liners Immersed in Effervescent Denture Cleansers
Authors: Benting Douglas G. , Pesun Igor J. , Hodges James 
Published: September 2005

Purpose: Six resilient denture liners (RDL) were exposed to two immersion effervescent denture cleansers to evaluate change in compliance over a simulated 1 year time interval.
Materials and Methods: Ten samples of each material, Molloplast B, Mollosil, MPDS‐SL, Permasoft, Softline, and Sofreliner were exposed to either Fixodent or Efferdent denture cleanser. A cyclic load was applied in a squarewave fashion to derive a load displacement curve to measure compliance at 0, 7, 30, 180, and 360 simulated days.
Results: All 12 of the material/cleanser combinations demonstrated a significant change in compliance at each time interval relative to baseline. Mollosil had the greatest increase in flexibility from baseline, and MPDS‐SL had the smallest increase in flexibility. In general, chairside materials demonstrated greater change in compliance from baseline compared to laboratory materials. Materials subjected to Fixodent cleanser, when averaged over time, were significantly more flexible than materials exposed to Efferdent cleanser.
Conclusions: Exposure of resilient soft liners to two common cleansers resulted in a significant increase in flexibility. This change in flexibility depended slightly, though significantly, on the type of cleanser, and appeared to be more significant with time. In general, chairside materials seemed to change more than laboratory‐processed liners. The exception was Permasoft that was fabricated as a laboratory material but behaved like a chairside material.
Clinical Significance: The initiator of the polymerization reaction rather than the mode of polymerization may be more important in predicting a change in the flexibility of RDLs. Constituents within the oral environment may be more responsible for changes in RDL flexibility than denture cleansers.
Complete Denture Education in U.S. Dental Schools
Authors: Petropoulos Vicki C. , Rashedi Behnoush 
Published: September 2005

Purpose: In 2001, a survey of U.S. dental schools was conducted to determine curricular content, teaching philosophies, and techniques used in clinical complete denture programs.
Materials and Methods: The questionnaire was mailed to the chairperson of the prosthodontic/restorative department of 54 U.S. dental schools. Of these, 44 schools returned the completed survey, resulting in a response rate of 82%. The mean, median, and range of responses were computed where applicable.
Results: Results from this survey show that a large majority of schools are using similar materials in clinical complete denture treatment: irreversible hydrocolloid for preliminary impression (87%); light‐cured composite resin for record base fabrication (70%); a semiadjustable articulator (98%); and semianatomic posterior tooth form used exclusively or in combination with other tooth forms (75%). In addition, a large majority of schools are using similar techniques in clinical complete denture treatment: use of a protrusive record (80%); use of extra‐oral measurements, speech, and esthetics for establishing the occlusal vertical dimension (59%); use of the conventional compression molding method for processing complete dentures (82%); occlusal equilibration and face‐bow preservation (75%); and the clinical remount procedure (91%). A quality control program is present for cases sent to and returned from the laboratory in 73% and 84% of responding schools, respectively.
Conclusions: Clinical complete denture predoctoral programs vary from school to school, yet a large percentage of schools agree on many topics. Only 55% of schools reported incorporating new educational materials such as the use of dental implants and treatment of patients with implant‐retained overdentures at the predoctoral level. Sixteen percent are allowing students to graduate without a set number of required complete dentures as has traditionally been the case. Sixteen percent are using newer techniques such as injection molding and microwave processing technique in addition to the conventional processing technique.
Moisture Effect on Polyether and Polyvinylsiloxane Dimensional Accuracy and Detail Reproduction
Authors: Walker Mary P. , Petrie Cynthia S. , Haj‐Ali Reem , Spencer Paulette , Dumas Chris , Williams Karen 
Published: September 2005

Purpose: This investigation evaluated and compared the dimensional accuracy and surface detail reproduction of two hydrophilic polyvinylsiloxane (PVS) and two polyether (PE) impression materials when used under dry and moist conditions.
Methods: Impressions were made of stainless steel dies as described in ANSI/ADA specification no. 19, with two vertical and three horizontal lines inscribed on the die superior surface. Impressions were made under dry and moist conditions (17 impressions per condition for each material). Dimensional accuracy was measured by comparing the average length of the middle horizontal line in each impression with the same line on the metal die using a measuring microscope with an accuracy of 0.001 mm. Surface detail reproduction was evaluated by using criteria similar to ADA specification no. 19: continuous replication of at least two of the three horizontal lines.
Results: The mean percent dimensional change and SD values ranged from −0.135% (0.035) to 0.053% (0.031). A two‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicated that moisture did not cause significant adverse effects on the dimensional accuracy of any material (p > 0.05); however, significant differences were found between the materials (p < .05). The surface detail evaluation indicated that moisture had a significant effect on detail reproduction of PVS materials (Pearson's Chi square, p < 0.05). Under dry conditions, all materials produced satisfactory detail reproduction 100% of the time; however, under moist conditions, only 29% of Aquasil and Genie Ultra PVS impressions produced satisfactory detail reproduction, while 100% of Permadyne Garant and Impregum Penta Soft PE impressions still met the surface detail criteria.
Conclusions: Although moisture may not adversely affect the dimensional accuracy of either PE or hydrophilic PVS material, the evidence suggests that PE material is more likely to produce impressions with superior detail reproduction in the presence of moisture.
Intravitreal triamcinalone acetonide for refractory uveitic cystoid macular oedema: longterm management and outcome
Authors: Angunawela R. I. , Heatley C. J. , Williamson T. H. , Spalton D. J. , Graham E. M. , Antcliffe R. J. , Stanford M. R. 
Published: September 2005

Abstract.Purpose:  To establish the role of intravitreal triamcinalone acetonide (TA) in the long term management of refractory uveitic cystoid macular oedema (CMO) and to determine the long term visual outcome in these patients. Method:  This is a retrospective observational case series. All patients had resistant CMO and active inflammation. The primary outcome measure was complete resolution of CMO on ocular coherence tomography. Visual acuity and intraocular pressure were also monitored. Twelve eyes of twelve patients received 2 (n = 10) to 4 (n = 2) mg of intravitreal TA. All had previously been unresponsive to orbital floor steroids. Fluorescein angiography was performed where indicated. Results:  There was complete resolution of CMO in all patients. Nine patients had improvement in acuity at there final follow up (mean follow up 40.5 months). Seven had improved by 2 lines (58%). In 3 patients there was no visual improvement. These 3 failed to respond to re‐treatment. Five other patients were re‐treated because of recurring CMO and deteriorating VA (median time to re‐treatment 4 mths). The mean number of re‐treatments for this group with orbital floor TA was three. 41.6% of patients developed ocular hypertension (33.8 mhg mean). One required a trabeculectomy. Conclusions:  2 mg of intravitreal TA is effective even in cases of resistant uveitic CMO. Although re‐treatment is often required, the initial response to treatment can be maintained by subsequent orbital floor steroid injections.
The expression pattern of the subunit of chaperonin containing T‐complex polypeptide 1 and its substrate, α‐smooth muscle actin, during corneal wound healing
Authors: Koulikovska Marina , Podskochy Alexander , Fagerholm Per 
Published: September 2005

Abstract.Purpose:  This study was designed to demonstrate the expression of the chaperonin containing T‐complex polypeptide 1 (CCT) and α‐smooth muscle actin (α‐SMA), in normal corneas and corneas treated with ultraviolet radiation (UVR). The wound model chosen is previously characterized, the injury is mild and the cornea heals to transparency. Methods:  Rabbit corneas were exposed to UVR at the dose producing keratitis. The corneas were allowed to heal for up to 5 days and the paraffin‐embedded tissue specimens were double stained and examined morphologically and immunohistochemically. Expression of CCT and α‐SMA genes was investigated by semiquantitative reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR). Results:  There was a front of repopulating keratocytes that showed positive staining for α‐SMA after 3 days. The α‐SMA mRNA was already strongly expressed after 1 day, whereas the expression level of CCT was increased after 2 days. After 5 days the levels were decreased. By this time the stroma was partly repopulated by keratocytes. Conclusion:  In a mild wound, the expression of α‐SMA mRNA is followed by expression of mRNA of at least one subunit of the complex folding α‐SMA. At protein level, α‐SMA is detected in the front line of repopulating keratocytes. Expression levels for both mRNAs decline as the stroma repopulation process progresses.
Quantitative grading of preretinal neovascularization in adult rats
Authors: Lai Chi‐Chun , Wu Wei‐Chi , Chuang Lan‐Hsin , Yeung Ling , Wei William , Yang Ko‐Jen 
Published: September 2005

Abstract.Purpose:  To quantify photodynamic venous occlusion‐induced preretinal neovascularization with fluorescein isothiocyanate‐dextran (FITC‐dextran) angiography in adult Sprague‐Dawley rats. Methods:  Argon green laser was used to ablate retinal veins in the experimental group (24 rats), and applied between the vessels in the control group (10 rats) after systemic injection of rose bengal. Animals were systemically infused with FITC‐dextran and killed 14 days after laser treatment. Retinal flat‐mounts were observed under a fluorescence microscope. The number and area of neovascular tufts were measured. Confocal microscopy and histological study were performed to rule out possible artifacts, and to confirm FITC‐dextran angiography findings. Results:  Out of the entire group of 34 albino rats, no preretinal neovascularization was found in the control group (total 20 eyes, 10 rats). In the experimental group (total 48 eyes, 24 rats) 43 eyes (90%) developed well demarcated neovascular tufts revealed by FITC‐dextran angiography. This well demarcated boundary of neovascular tufts was reconfirmed by confocal microscopy and histological study. There were no significant differences in the number or area of neovascular tufts between the right and left eyes. Conclusion:  FITC‐dextran angiography provides a time‐ and labour‐efficient basis for quantifying both the number and area of preretinal neovascularization induced by photodynamic venous occlusion in adult rats. This model is suitable for angiostatic study in the adult animals.
Phacoemulsification in trabeculectomized eyes
Authors: Ehrnrooth Pia , Lehto Ilkka , Puska Päivi , Laatikainen Leila 
Published: September 2005

Abstract.Purpose:  To evaluate retrospectively risk indicators for cataract surgery and the effect of phacoemulsification on intraocular pressure (IOP) control in eyes that have undergone trabeculectomy. Methods:  We undertook a retrospective analysis of 138 eyes with primary open‐angle glaucoma (POAG) or exfoliation glaucoma (EG) in 138 consecutive patients over the age of 40 years undergoing trabeculectomy with no antimetabolites performed by one surgeon. Of the 48 eyes (35%) undergoing a cataract operation during the follow‐up period of 2–5 years, 46 were included in this analysis. Their IOP, glaucoma medication and best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) before cataract surgery and at the last follow‐up were compared. Risk indicators for cataract surgery were analysed. Results:  Cataract operations were performed 5.1–58.1 months (median 14.4 months) after trabeculectomy. The mean length of follow‐up after cataract surgery was 25.3 months (SD 12.9, median 24.8 months). Before cataract surgery, the mean IOP was 16.2 mmHg (SD 4.9) and the mean number of topical antiglaucoma medicines 0.8 (SD 1.0). At the most recent visit, mean IOP was 17.3 mmHg (SD 6.4) (p = 0.35), and the mean number of medicines was 1.3 (SD 1.1) (p = 0.0007). Of the 22 eyes in which treatment had been categorized as completely successful (IOP ≤ 21 mmHg without other therapy) before cataract surgery, 13 (59%) had remained so. The number of failures (IOP > 21 mmHg, or more than one medication needed or further surgery performed) increased from 14 (30%) before surgery to 28 (61%) afterwards. The proportion of failures in the cataract surgery group was twice that in the no cataract surgery group (61% versus 31%). In a proportional hazards regression, only age (73.9 years [SD 9.4] and 68.1 years [SD 9.8] in patients with and without cataract surgery, respectively) proved to be a significant (p = 0.001) indicator for surgery. Conclusion:  The results of this retrospective study on consecutive clinical cases of trabeculectomy indicate that cataract progression after trabeculectomy is mainly an age‐related process. In more than half the eyes with good preoperative IOP control, this good control was maintained after cataract surgery. On the other hand, in some eyes cataract surgery may compromise IOP control even when surgery avoids the area of the bleb.
Photo‐induced foveal injury after viewing a solar eclipse
Authors: Källmark Fredrik P. , Ygge Jan 
Published: September 2005

Abstract.Purpose:  To study the injury to and possible recovery of the visual function and foveal morphology in patients with photo‐induced foveal injury due to watching the solar eclipse of August 11th, 1999 in Stockholm, Sweden. Methods:  Fifteen patients, all of whom viewed the solar eclipse, were followed for 1 year, during which their visual symptoms were recorded and visual acuity (VA) was tested, and ophthalmoscopy and scanning laser ophthalmoscopy were performed. Results:  Photo‐induced foveal injury gave rise to subjective visual disturbances, reduced VA and morphological changes in the fovea. Central scotomas could still be seen in all patients 1 year after the foveal injury. Conclusion:  Photo‐induced foveal injury gave rise to subjective visual disturbances, reduced VA and morphological changes in the fovea. Scanning laser ophthalmoscopy offers the possibility of detailed examination of small retinal lesions, which can sometimes be difficult to localize with ophthalmoscopy.
Central visual field changes using flicker perimetry in type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Stavrou Efty P. , Wood Joanne M. 
Published: September 2005

Abstract.Purpose:  To evaluate the efficacy of flicker perimetry compared with that of static perimetry in determining central visual field losses in participants with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods:  Flicker and static perimetry were performed using the Medmont field analyser on 20 participants with type 2 diabetes mellitus and 24 age‐matched control participants. Results:  Flicker, but not static, perimetry demonstrated significant reductions in thresholds in those participants who had a recent diagnosis of diabetes or who had no or only minimal diabetic retinopathy compared to the control group at eccentricities close to fixation. Conclusion:  Flicker perimetry is recommended for the evaluation of visual field losses in participants with recent onset of diabetes and minimal diabetic retinopathy.
Mid-infrared imaging of NGC 1068 with VISIR at the Very Large Telescope
Authors: Galliano E. , Pantin E. , Alloin D. , Lagage P. O. 
Published: September 2005

Abstract
High-resolution mid-infrared (MIR) images of the central region of NGC 1068 have been obtained with VISIR, the multi-mode MIR instrument recently installed at the European Southern Observatory Very Large Telescope on Paranal. A map of the emission at 12.8 μm with increased sensitivity over the central 8 × 8 arcsec2 area is discussed. It shows a central core (unresolved along the east—west direction) and extended emission which has a spiral pattern similar to that observed in near-infrared images. Patches of MIR emission can be detected up to a distance of 4 arcsec from the core. The deconvolved 12.8-μm map is fully consistent with previous high-resolution MIR observations. It highlights the structure of the extended emission, already seen in the un-deconvolved image, and allows us to identify a set of MIR sources: seven in the north-eastern quadrant and five in the south-western quadrant. The MIR emission map is compared with those obtained at comparable angular resolution in the near-infrared and in [O iii] line emission. The very good correlation between the VISIR map and the Hubble Space Telescope optical map supports the idea that the MIR emission not associated with the torus arises from dust associated with the narrow-line-region clouds. The north—south extension of the MIR core (0.44 arcsec) is then probably simply due to the mixing of the MIR emission from the dusty torus and the MIR emission from narrow-line-region cloud B, located only 0.1 arcsec to the north.