bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantitative imaging of complex structures from dense wide‐aperture seismic data by multiscale traveltime and waveform inversions: a case study
Authors: Operto S. , Ravaut C. , Improta L. , Virieux J. , Herrero A. , Dell'Aversana P. 
Published: November 2004

ABSTRACTAn integrated multiscale seismic imaging flow is applied to dense onshore wide‐aperture seismic data recorded in a complex geological setting (thrust belt).An initial P‐wave velocity macromodel is first developed by first‐arrival traveltime tomography. This model is used as an initial guess for subsequent full‐waveform tomography, which leads to greatly improved spatial resolution of the P‐wave velocity model. However, the application of full‐waveform tomography to the high‐frequency part of the source bandwidth is difficult, due to the non‐linearity of this kind of method. Moreover, it is computationally expensive at high frequencies since a finite‐difference method is used to model the wave propagation. Hence, full‐waveform tomography was complemented by asymptotic prestack depth migration to process the full‐source bandwidth and develop a sharp image of the short wavelengths. The final traveltime tomography model and two smoothed versions of the final full‐waveform tomography model were used as a macromodel for the prestack depth migration.In this study, wide‐aperture multifold seismic data are used. After specific preprocessing of the data, 16 frequency components ranging from 5.4 Hz to 20 Hz were inverted in cascade by the full‐waveform tomography algorithm. The full‐waveform tomography successfully imaged SW‐dipping structures previously identified as high‐resistivity bodies. The relevance of the full‐waveform tomography models is demonstrated locally by comparison with a coincident vertical seismic profiling (VSP) log available on the profile. The prestack depth‐migrated images, inferred from the traveltime, and the smoothed full‐waveform tomography macromodels are shown to be, on the whole, consistent with the final full‐waveform tomography model. A more detailed analysis, based on common‐image gather computations, and local comparison with the VSP log revealed that the most accurate migrated sections are those obtained from the full‐waveform tomography macromodels. A resolution analysis suggests that the asymptotic prestack depth migration successfully migrated the wide‐aperture components of the data, allowing medium wavelengths in addition to the short wavelengths of the structure to be imaged.The processing flow that we applied to dense wide‐aperture seismic data is shown to provide a promising approach, complementary to more classical seismic reflection data processing, to quantitative imaging of complex geological structures.
The data‐driven seismic value chain, providing a business context for the velocity issue
Authors: Berkhout A.J. 
Published: November 2004

ABSTRACTEffective communication between seismic specialists should be facilitated by a shared process model that can be used at different levels of abstraction. In this shared model the seismic work‐flow is presented as a value chain, showing the complex interrelationships between the broad range of specialized activities that are needed in today's practice. One of these activities is velocity estimation, providing the relationship between seismic time and geological depth. Excellence in the seismic value chain will depend on the quality of the specialized tools and skills (abilities) involved, as well as on the capability of the organization to combine these abilities in an integrated work‐flow to realize maximum value at the end of the chain.
Effect of the gutta‐percha solvents on the microhardness and the roughness of human root dentine
Authors: Erdemir A. , Eldeniz A. U. , Belli S. 
Published: November 2004

summary  The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of gutta‐percha solvents on the microhardness and the roughness of human root dentine. Forty‐five recently extracted human mandibular anterior teeth were used. The teeth were sectioned longitudinally, embedded in acrylic resin and polished. Ninety specimens were divided into three groups containing 30 teeth each. In group 1, the specimens were treated with chloroform for 15 min. In group 2, the specimens were treated with halothane for 15 min. In group 3, distilled water was used and this group was served as control. All groups were then divided into two subgroups of 15 specimens each. The specimens, in groups 1a, 2a and 3a, were submitted to Vicker's microhardness indentations. Groups 1b, 2b and 3b were used for determination of the roughness of root dentine. The data were recorded as Vicker's numbers and Ra, μm for roughness test. The results were then analysed by one‐way anova and post hoc Tukey tests. The results indicated that chloroform and halothane did not affect the microhardness and the roughness of root dentine (P > 0·05).
Prospective, noncomparative open study from Kuwait of the role of intravenous immunoglobulin in the treatment of toxic epidermal necrolysis
Authors: Al‐Mutairi N , Arun Joshi , Osama Nour‐Eldin , Amr Zaki , Mazen Al‐Sheltawy , Ibtesam El‐Adawy , Nazeha El‐Baghly 
Published: November 2004

AbstractBackground  High‐dose intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) is emerging as a promising new therapy for treating the rare but potentially fatal drug reaction toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN). Experimental in vitro studies support that IVIG can block the Fas‐FasL‐mediated apoptosis in TEN.Methods  Twelve consecutive patients (7M, 5F) with TEN admitted over a 5‐year period from January 1998 to December 2002 were treated with a dose of 0.5–1.0 g/kg/d of IVIG for 4–5 days along with standard care protocol. Clinical outcome in terms of average duration to arrest the progression, complete healing, hospital stay, side‐effects and complications were determined to find the efficacy of IVIG treatment.Results  Average age was 27.16 years (7–50 years). There were four children (2M, 2F) aged 7–12 years. One patient had an underlying malignancy. No patient had HIV infection. The average total body surface area involvement was 57.5% (30–90%). An IVIG infusion was started, on average, 1.58 days (1–3 days) after admission. All patients responded well to the treatment. There was no mortality. The disease progression was arrested in a mean of 2.83 days (1–5 days). Time taken for complete healing (re‐epithelialization) was 7.33 days (5–13 days). The average duration of hospital stay was 12.5 days (7–21 days). No side‐effects of the IVIG treatment were observed in these patients.The drugs triggering TEN in these patients were phenytoin (four patients), followed by penicillin (three), cotrimoxazole (two), phenobarbital and furosemide (one patient each), respectively. In one patient, the offending drug could not be ascertained.Conclusion  Our experience of treating 12 patients with TEN using IVIG, in Kuwait, confirms that it is a safe and effective treatment for these patients.
What patients with vitiligo believe about their condition
Authors: Firooz Alireza , Bouzari Navid , Fallah Nader , Ghazisaidi Behnaz , Firoozabadi Mehdi Rashighi , Dowlati Yahya 
Published: November 2004

AbstractBackground  Vitiligo is a common disease with an unknown etiology. It is a chronic disease which causes severe disfigurement, and so may significantly affect a patient's quality of life. This study was designed to evaluate the illness perception and quality of life in patients with vitiligo.Patients and methods  A questionnaire consisting of 25 questions on the causes, timeline, consequences, and control of disease was given to 80 patients with vitiligo attending a private skin clinic in Tehran, Iran, in 1999. The roles of age, sex, duration of disease, education, extent of disease, and family history of vitiligo were assessed.Results  Eighty patients (22 males and 57 females, one not mentioned), with a mean age of 30 years (SD = 11 years) and a disease duration of 7.1 years (SD = 7.8 years), completed the questionnaire; 62.5% of the patients believed that stress played a role in their disease; 31.3% believed that their genetic background played a role in their disease, more so in patients with a positive family history of vitiligo. Almost one‐half of patients believed that their illness had major consequences on their lives. One‐half of patients believed that their illness was likely to be permanent rather than temporary, more so in patients with a longer duration of disease and a higher level of education. Only 60% of patients considered that their treatments were effective.Conclusion  Vitiligo may considerably affect various aspects of patients’ lives. The knowledge of patients about the causes and course of their disease is limited.
Juvenile hyaline fibromatosis: a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Thomas Jean E. , Moossavi Meena , Mehregan Darius R. , McFalda Wendy L. , Mahon Michael J. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractBackground  Juvenile hyaline fibromatosis (JHF) is a rare, inherited condition characterized by tumor‐like growth of hyalinized fibrous tissue on the head and neck, joint contractures, and gingival hypertrophy. There may be marked clinical heterogeneity.Methods  We present a case of a 3‐year‐old Haitian boy with multiple firm nodules on the scalp and chin without joint contractures or gingival hypertrophy. Family history was not available.Results  Biopsy specimens from three scalp nodules were processed with routine and immunohistochemical stains. The matrix was periodic acid Schiff (PAS) and Alcian blue positive. The cellular stromal component was positive for vimentin and scattered factor XIIIa positive cells were found. Osteoclast‐like giant cells were also noted, and stained for CD68.Conclusions  Our patient had the nodular growths on the scalp and face that are characteristically found in JHF. Microscopic examination confirmed the diagnosis and showed scattered intracytoplasmic and extracellular eosinophilic globules in three separate biopsy specimens. These were positive with PAS.
Primary Gastric Histiocytic Sarcoma in a Dog – A Case Report
Authors: Fant P. , Caldin M. , Furlanello T. , De Lorenzi D. , Bertolini G. , Bettini G. , Morini M. , Masserdotti C. 
Published: November 2004

SummaryA 12‐year‐old intact female mixed breed dog was presented for chronic, intermittent vomiting and diarrhoea. On endoscopic examination a protruding mass arising from the mucosal surface of the pyloric region was detected. Cytological and histological examination revealed an accumulation of pleomorphic round/oval phagocytic cells suggesting histiocytic origin. This was confirmed by immunohistochemistry. No extra‐gastric involvement was detected on clinical examination or at necropsy. This is the first report of primary gastric histiocytic sarcoma in a dog.
Oxidative Stress Parameters in Bitches with Mammary Gland Tumours
Authors: SzczubiaŁ M. , Kankofer M. , Łopuszyński W. , Dąbrowski R. , Lipko J. 
Published: November 2004

SummaryThe aim of the present study was to describe some of the oxidative stress parameters in bitches suffering from spontaneusly occurring mammary gland tumours. The experiment involved 28 bitches which had mammary gland tumours removed surgically (15 bitches with malignant tumour and 13 with benign tumour) as well as 10 clinically healthy bitches. The activities of glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were determined in haemolysates of erythrocytes derived from the animals. The concentrations of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), as well as ‐SH groups, were determined in blood plasma. GSH‐Px activity was significantly higher in the malignant tumour group than in healthy animals. SOD activity was significantly higher in animals with tumours compared with the control group. Activities of both enzymes were higher in animals with malignant tumours than in benign groups, but the differences were not statistically significant. The concentrations of TBARS and ‐SH groups were similar in all examined groups. The increase of antioxidative enzyme activities in these animals may suggest the activation of antioxidative defence mechanisms in mammary gland carcinogenesis. Moreover, it might indicate the participation of oxidative stress in malignancies. Further experiments involving more animals, with more frequent sample collection and the use of other oxidative stress markers are necessary.
Fibrocartilaginous Embolic Myelopathy in a Horse
Authors: Sebastian M. M. , Giles R. C. 
Published: November 2004

SummaryFibrocartilaginous embolic myelopathy was diagnosed in a 11‐year‐old, male, Tennessee Walking Horse by histopathological examination of the spinal cord after the horse was killed because of severe neurological dysfunction. Both ventral funiculi of C6 and C7 cervical spinal cord had extensive necrosis with blood vessels containing fibrocartilaginous emboli. A similar fibrocartilaginous embolus was observed in a single large spinal artery adjoining the vertebral leptomeninges.
Actinomycosis in a One‐humped Camel (Camelus dromedarius)
Authors: Kiliç N. , Kirkan Ş. 
Published: November 2004

SummaryAn actinomycotic granuloma caused byActinomyces viscosusis reported in a dromedary camel. Two hard, cutaneous, large granulamatous nodules were present on both sides of the postero‐ventral side of the mandible exhibiting exudation and necrosis. After radical excision of the lesion, the daily treatment with penicillin–streptomycin combination was continued for 4 weeks. About 8 and 24 weeks from the initial treatment, no new nodules were noticed.
Development of Canine Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Model
Authors: Choi E. , Shin I. , Youn H. , Lee C. 
Published: November 2004

SummaryThe purpose of this study was to develop a model for canine systemic lupus erythematosus. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a systemic autoimmune syndrome defined by clinical and serological features, including arthritis, glomerulonephritis, dermatitis and autoantibodies. SLE was induced in eight normal dogs by immunization with heparan sulphate, the major glycosaminoglycan of the glomerular basement membrane. All the heparan sulphate‐immunized dogs showed mild‐to‐moderate levels of proteinuria and skin disease. Cutaneous signs associated with SLE including alopecia, erythema, crusting, scaling and seborrhoea were observed. Immunohistological examination of the skin lesions revealed deposition of immunoglobulin M and complement in the dermal–epidermal junction. Three of eight dogs showed lameness. The antinuclear antibody tests were positive with the antibody titres higher than 1:128. Therefore, this experimental SLE model could be useful for studying immune‐mediated skin disease and autoimmunity.
Technical and Economic Evaluation of Different Methods of Newcastle Disease Vaccine Administration
Authors: Degefa T. , Dadi L. , Yami A. , G/mariam K. , Nassir M. 
Published: November 2004

SummaryTwo types of locally produced live vaccines (HB1 and La Sota – lentogenic strains) and inactivated oil adjuvant (IOAV) vaccine were used to compare the efficiency of three vaccination techniques, namely drinking water, ocular and spray on broiler chicks. The ocular route of vaccination on 1‐day‐old chicks followed by a booster dose on the third week through the same route induced a significantly higher level of haemagglutination inhibition antibody titre (P < 0.0001). The highest mean antibody titre was log2 6.6 and 93.3% of the chicks were protected from the challenge. The spray technique induced a lower antibody titre (peak of log2 5.9) and only 53% of the chicks in this treatment survived against the challenge. The results of this study show that the ocular route is superior to the drinking water route, which is superior to the spray technique. The economic analysis result showed that the ocular HB1 and La Sota vaccine administration method to 1‐ and 21‐day‐old chicks gave the highest revenue followed by the drinking water method. In terms of total cost, the injection method required the highest cost (0.21 birr/chick) followed by the ocular method (0.18 birr/chick). The marginal cost of vaccine administration is too small compared with marginal revenues from relative effectiveness of the methods. The internal rate of return for the ocular method was very high. The results of sensitive analysis on revenues from different vaccination methods indicate that a 25% reduction in broiler price reduces the marginal revenue from the ocular method by 12 487 birr but this still does not prove that the ocular method is economically viable for small‐ and medium‐scale poultry farms.
Towards the Rational Use of Antibiotics: Results of the First International Symposium on the Risk Analysis of Antibiotic Resistance
Authors: Helmuth R. , Hensel A. 
Published: November 2004

SummaryThe results of four expert working groups on the risk analysis process on anti‐microbial resistance are described. They focus on the procedure recommended by the FAO/WHO CODEX Alimentarius Commission in 1999 including hazard identification, hazard characterization, exposure assessment and risk characterization. In all four areas, the current scientific knowledge was evaluated and recommendations for risk management options were given. They will form the basis for mitigating the health risk caused by resistant micro‐organisms.
Risk Analysis of Antibiotic Resistance, Berlin, BfR, 10–12 November 2003: Activities of the Codex Alimentarius Commission Related to Antibiotic Resistance
Authors: Doyran S. H. 
Published: November 2004

SummaryThe FAO/WHO Codex Alimentarius Commission develops recommendations concerning risk management related to regulatory issues, on the basis of scientific advice provided by FAO and WHO. The complex question of anti‐microbial resistance that requires a multidisciplinary approach, has been considered from different point of views in the framework of Codex, especially food hygiene and veterinary drugs and to a lesser extent, plant protection. Antibiotic resistance was considered from the perspective of the food chain and a risk profile was developed. Risk management options were also considered and may be grouped in two main categories: prevention of contamination through the food chain; and prudent use of anti‐microbials. It is recognized that further scientific advice is necessary before developing specific risk management options in the framework of Codex. It is expected that the results of the FAO/OIE/WHO Expert Consultations on anti‐microbial resistance will provide the necessary guidance for further action.
Veterinary Use of Antimicrobials and Emergence of Resistance in Zoonotic and Sentinel Bacteria in the EU
Authors: Bywater R. J. 
Published: November 2004

SummaryAntimicrobials are essential for treatment of sick animals, but even if used correctly, may eventually lead to antimicrobial resistance. While this represents a potential hazard to humans, the great majority of resistant human pathogens, especially the more important ones, are unrelated to animal sources. A survey of informed medical opinion suggested that of the human antimicrobial resistance problem, <4% was seen as potentially linked to animal sources. This proportion related largely to zoonotic bacteria which by definition have the capacity to carry resistance between species, although the evidence for resulting harm remains limited. A recent study compared resistance among chicken, pig and cattle isolates of Salmonella spp., Campylobacter spp. and Escherichia coli from a series of EU countries. When tested against antimicrobial agents, this survey showed variation of resistance between countries, between hosts and between organisms. Such variation may give insight into preferred methods of antimicrobial administration or disease control, but it is clear that the epidemiology of antimicrobial resistance induction and dissemination in animals remains complex and is yet to be fully understood.
Resistance of Salmonella Isolates in Germany
Authors: Schroeter A. , Hoog B. , Helmuth R. 
Published: November 2004

SummaryDuring 2000–2002 the National Veterinary Reference Laboratory for Salmonella (NRL‐Salm) in Germany typed 11 911 isolates from animals, food, feed and the environment. All of them were tested for their susceptibility to 17 anti‐microbial agents. Sixty‐three per cent of all isolates were resistant and 40% were multiresistant (resistant against more than one anti‐microbial). This general resistance level was strongly influenced by those specific serotypes which dominate the Salmonella epidemiology in Germany. Salmonella Typhimurium DT104 isolates from pig and cattle, and their resulting food products, were multiresistant in 98 and 94% of the cases respectively.During the period 2000–2003 an increasing quinolone resistance especially in Salmonella isolates from poultry and poultry meat (to 26%) and in S. Paratyphi B d‐tartrate positive isolates (to 64%) could be observed. This increase was accompanied by a shift towards higher minimal inhibitory concentrations for ciprofloxacin.
Neurological complications in AIDS patients: the 1‐year retrospective study in Chiang Mai University, Thailand
Authors: Subsai K. , Kanoksri S. , Siwaporn C. , Helen L. 
Published: November 2004

The first case of AIDS patient in the northern part of Thailand was reported in 1987 (Vithayasai et al., 1996), marking the outbreak of an epidemic. In our experience, the neurological involvement in AIDS patients seems to have changed in pattern and incidence during the last 8 years. We have conducted a retrospective study to review the incidence of AIDS‐defining diseases in the patients admitted to Chiang Mai University Hospital, Thailand during the period September 2001 to August 2002. There were 155 AIDS patients admitted during this specified period, 118 of which were male and 37 female, aged between 16 and 60. The incidence of neurological complications was 50.3 per 100 person‐years, in which central nervous system involvement account for 46.5 per 100 person‐years and peripheral nervous system involvement account for 3.8 per 100 person‐years. The incidence of cryptococcal meningitis appeared to be decreasing since 1994 whereas the incidence of cerebral toxoplasmosis appeared to be increasing. The incidence of cryptococcal meningitis, cerebral toxoplasmosis and cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection was 18.0, 14.8 and 7.0 per 100 person‐years, respectively. Other common non‐neurological AIDS‐defining illnesses in northern Thailand include pulmonary tuberculosis (15.4 per 100 person‐years), extra‐pulmonary tuberculosis (9.6 per 100 person‐years), and disseminated penicilliosis (12.2 per 100 person‐years). In this way and summarizing, in northern Thailand, the three most common neurological involvements before the era of highly active anti‐retroviral therapy are cryptococcal meningitis, cerebral toxoplasmosis and CMV infection. The incidence of cryptococcal meningitis appeared to be decreasing whereas the incidence of cerebral toxoplasmosis seemed to be increasing.