bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Left atrial isomerism: Clinicopathologic findings in a 14‐year‐old boy
Authors: Chatrath Ritu , O'Leary Patrick W. , Edwards William D. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractVisceral heterotaxy syndromes have been associated with complex congenital heart disease and several attempts have been made to classify these lesions. One area of controversy that remains is the existence of atrial isomerism. In this case report we provide definite anatomic evidence of the existence of left atrial isomerism, wherein both the atria have smooth walls, finger‐like appendages, and absence of the pectinate muscles and sinus node. Clin. Anat. 16:331–334, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Zur Produktgestaltung kohäsiver Pulver – Mechanische Eigenschaften, Kompressions‐ und Fließverhalten
Authors: Tomas J. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractMit der Modellvorstellung „steife Partikel mit weichen Kontakten“ werden die drei Fließbedingungen eines Pulverkontinuums (beginnendes und stationäres Fließen, Verfestigung) auf partikelmechanischer Grundlage formuliert. Damit ist der unmittelbare Einfluss des Kontaktverhaltens auf das Fließverhalten analytisch darstellbar. Mit Hilfe eines Kompressibilitätsindex lässt sich das Verdichtungsverhalten einschätzen. Zusätzlich werden die Kompressionsrate und die spezifische Kompressionsarbeit eingeführt. Damit können die Zusammenhänge zwischen Kontaktnachgiebigkeit, Haftkraftverstärkung und Pulverfließfähigkeit auf physikalischer Grundlage beurteilt werden. Mit diesen Modellen können die Antwortfunktionen auf extreme Beanspruchungs‐ und Fließzustände bei verfahrenstechnischen Prozessen, Lager‐ und Fördervorgängen hinreichend beschrieben werden. Selbstverständlich lassen sich damit auch zweckmäßige Schlussfolgerungen für die marktgerechte Produktgestaltung in der stoffwandelnden Industrie ziehen.
Stabilität von Dispersionen
Authors: Bellmann C. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractHerstellung und Einsatz disperser Systeme gewinnen in der Industrie immer größere Bedeutung. Auch im täglichen Leben begegnen wir häufig solchen Systemen (z. B. Nahrungsmittel, Pharmazeutika usw.). Die Erforschung der Gesetzmäßigkeiten der Kolloidchemie ermöglicht, neue Stoffe zu entwickeln oder vorhandene zu verbessern. Ein zentraler Ansatzpunkt hierbei ist die Stabilität solcher kolloidalen Systeme. Eines der physikalischen Modelle zur Kolloidstabiltät liefert die DLVO‐Theorie. Entsprechend den physikalischen Bedingungen einer solchen Stabilisierungsform kann diese in vielfältiger Weise beeinflusst werden. Die hier vorzustellenden Arbeiten befassen sich mit dem Einsatz elektrokinetischer Messmethoden zur Untersuchung der Wechselwirkungskräfte in dispersen Systemen. An Beispielen soll der Einfluss von pH‐Wert, Elektrolytkonzentration und ‐wertigkeit auf die Kolloidstabilität gezeigt werden. Nicht immer erfüllen die untersuchten Dispersionen die Bedingungen des DLVO‐Modells. Ursachen für dieses Verhalten sollen diskutiert werden.
Mikrohohlkugeln
Authors: Bertling J. , Blömer J. , Kümmel R. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractMikrohohlkugeln sind mindestens zweiphasige, sphärisch symmetrische Feststoffteilchen, für die eine große Zahl potenzieller Nutzungen bekannt ist und deren Marktvolumen kontinuierlich ansteigt. Während der wesentliche Teil des Bedarfs an Mikrohohlkugeln noch durch anorganische Nebenprodukte thermischer Prozesse gedeckt wird, gewinnen zur Herstellung maßgeschneiderter Strukturen zunehmend Sprüh‐ und Vertropfungsprozesse, Emulsions‐ und Suspensionstechniken sowie Wirbelschichtverfahren technisches Interesse. Grenzflächeneffekte dominieren sowohl die Bildung als auch die Eigenschaften von Mikrohohlkugeln. Unter Nutzung von Templattechniken können bisher nicht zugängliche Strukturen erzeugt werden. Die Modellierung der Wandbildungsprozesse ermöglicht es, die Bildungsmecha‐nismen besser zu verstehen und das Scale‐up zu vereinfachen.
Stoffverlustminimierte Prozesstechnik – Wann lohnen sich Regeneratoren und Konzentratoren?
Authors: Fischwasser K. , Schwarz R. , Süß M. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractEin Hauptgebiet des Umweltschutzes sind chemische und elektrochemische Oberflächenbehandlungsprozesse wie das Galvanisieren, Beizen, Ätzen, Anodisieren u. a. Derartige Oberflächenbehandlungen verursachen häufig einen hohen Chemikalienverbrauch sowie große Mengen Abwasser und schwermetallhaltige Abfälle. Eine stoffverlustminimierte Prozesstechnik ist das Resultat einer Systemoptimierung zwischen interner Stoffkreislaufschließung und externer Abfallverwertung. Kostensenkungen, Prozesssicherheit, Qualitätssicherung und Umweltverträglichkeit sind Ziele der komplexen Systemoptimierung. Prozesseinheiten, bestehend aus Prozessstufe für die Oberflächenbehandlung (Prozesslösung), Spültechnik, Konzentrator und Regenerator stehen im Mittelpunkt der Systemoptimierung. In diesem Beitrag wird der Zusammenhang verschiedener Prozesskriterien diskutiert. Der optimale interne Rückführgrad für Spülwasserkonzentrate, die Prozesschemikalien von der Oberflächenbehandlung enthalten, ist ein Schlüsselkriterium bei der Systemoptimierung.
Has the investment in public cancer education delivered observable changes in knowledge over the past 10 years?
Authors: Paul Christine , Tzelepis Flora , Walsh Raoul A. , Girgis Afaf , King Lesley , McKenzie Jeanie 
Published: May 2003

AbstractBACKGROUNDDuring the 1990s, Western countries, such as Australia, directed substantial funds toward public cancer education. An important indicator of whether this investment has been worthwhile is a shift over time in the proportion of the population who have accurate knowledge regarding cancer.METHODSIn the year 2000, a cross‐sectional telephone survey was administered to 685 residents selected from the New South Wales (Australia) Electronic White Pages telephone directory. This study replicated in part a survey conducted in 1989.RESULTSIn the 2000 survey, smoking (96.0%) and sun exposure (80.4%) were well‐known as risk factors for lung cancer and melanoma, respectively. However, community knowledge of risk factors for colorectal, breast, cervical, and prostate cancer was poor. Most respondents were able to nominate mammograms (82.2%) and Pap tests (86.8%) as screening tests for breast and cervical cancer, respectively. Approximately two‐thirds of the sample were able to nominate foods that reduce the risk of developing cancer. Compared with the 1989 data, there appeared to have been improvements in community knowledge of mammograms as a screening test for breast cancer. For the other cancers, knowledge gains appeared smaller or marginal. With regard to the lifetime risk of developing these cancers, community understanding remains poor. Predictors of greater knowledge include a higher level of education.CONCLUSIONSWhere ongoing investments have been made, like in the case of breast cancer education, there have been improvements in community knowledge. However, major challenges remain. Potential targets for future public education campaigns are discussed. Cancer 2003;97:2931–9. © 2003 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.11393
A Phase I/II study of strontium‐89 combined with gemcitabine in the treatment of patients with androgen independent prostate carcinoma and bone metastases
Authors: Pagliaro Lance C. , Delpassand Ebrahim S. , Williams Dallas , Millikan Randall E. , Tu Shi‐Ming , Logothetis Christopher J. 
Published: May 2003

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe objectives of the current study were to determine the maximum tolerated dose and to evaluate the efficacy of gemcitabine given in combination with strontium‐89 to patients with androgen independent prostate carcinoma.METHODSPatients with androgen‐independent prostate carcinoma and painful osteoblastic bone metastases were eligible. On a 12‐week course, patients received gemcitabine (600 mg/m2 or 800 mg/m2) on Days 1, 8, 15, 43, 50, and 57. A single dose of strontium‐89 (55 μCi/kg) was administered on Day 8.RESULTSFifteen patients were registered, and all were assessable for response and toxicity. Four patients were treated at Dose Level 1 (gemcitabine 600 mg/m2) without dose‐limiting toxicity. Eleven patients received a total of 13 courses at Dose Level 2 (gemcitabine 800 mg/m2). Platelet nadirs of 25,000–50,000 platelets per μL were common at Dose Level 2, and 1 patient had Grade 4 thrombocytopenia that was dose‐limiting. Granulocyte nadirs up to < 500 granulocytes per μL occurred in 4 patients at Dose Level 2 and were reversible. There were no responses, as measured by prostate specific antigen concentration, although 6 patients (40%) had stable disease.CONCLUSIONSThe authors concluded that 800 mg/m2 gemcitabine was the maximum tolerated dose for the combination. The study was terminated on the basis that an overall response rate > than 10% was unlikely. Further study at this dose level and schedule is not warranted. Cancer 2003;97:2988–94. © 2003 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.11412
Laparoscopic sentinel lymph node procedure using a combination of patent blue and radioisotope in women with cervical carcinoma
Authors: Barranger Emmanuel , Grahek Dany , Cortez Annie , Talbot Jean Noel , Uzan Serge , Darai Emile 
Published: May 2003

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe authors evaluated the feasibility of a laparoscopic sentinel lymph node (SN) procedure with combined radioisotopic and patent blue labeling in patients with cervical carcinoma.METHODSThirteen women (median age, 52.5 years) with cervical carcinoma (Stage Ia2 in 1 patient, Stage Ib1 in 10 patients, Stage Ib2 in 1 patient, and Stage IIa in 1 patient) underwent a laparoscopic SN procedure using an endoscopic γ probe after both radioactive isotope and patent blue injections. After the procedure, all patients underwent complete laparoscopic pelvic lymphadenectomy and either laparoscopic radical hysterectomy (eight patients) or the Schauta–Amreich operation (five patients).RESULTSSNs (mean, 1.7 SNs per patient; range, 1–3 SNs per patient) were identified in 12 of 13 patients. A median of 10.5 pelvic lymph nodes per patient (range, 4–17 pelvic lymph nodes per patient) were removed. No lymph node involvement was detected in SNs with hematoxylin and eosin staining. Immunohistochemical studies identified four metastatic SNs in two patients, with micrometastases in two SNs from the first patient and isolated tumor cells in two SNs from the second patient. No false‐negative SN results were obtained.CONCLUSIONSThe results of this study suggest that SN detection with a combination of radiocolloid and patent blue is feasible in patients with cervical carcinoma. The combination of laparoscopy and the SN procedure permitted minimally invasive management of early‐stage disease. Cancer 2003;97:3003–9. © 2003 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.11423
Treatment of Philadelphia chromosome–positive chronic myelogenous leukemia with weekly polyethylene glycol formulation of interferon‐alpha‐2b and low‐dose cytosine arabinoside
Authors: Garcia‐Manero Guillermo , Talpaz Moshe , Giles Francis J. , Cortes Jorge , Faderl Stefan , O'Brien Susan , Thomas Deborah , Verstovsek Srdan , Beth Rios Mary , Shan Jianquin , Ferrajoli Alessandra , Wierda William , Kantarjian Hagop M. 
Published: May 2003

AbstractBACKGROUNDTo evaluate the activity and toxicity of weekly Schering 54301, a polyethylene glycol formulation of interferon‐ α‐2b (PEG‐IFN‐α‐2b), with cytosine arabinoside (ara‐C) in patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML).METHODSSeventy‐six patients with Philadelphia chromosome (Ph)‐positive early chronic‐phase CML were treated with the combination of PEG‐IFN‐α‐2b and ara‐C (10 mg daily subcutaneously [s.c.]). The starting dose of PEG‐IFN‐α‐2b was 6 μg/kg s.c. weekly in the first 24 patients but was reduced to 4.5 μg/kg in the next 52 patients.RESULTSOverall, 73% of patients had a complete hematologic response, 35% of patients had a major cytogenetic response (Ph < 35%), and 21% of patients had a complete cytogenetic response (Ph = 0%). With a median follow‐up of 19 months, the estimated 2‐year survival rate was 89%. Therapy was discontinued in 24% of patients due to Grade III–IV toxicity. Frequent severe side effects that required dose reductions included neutropenia (49%), fatigue (43%), and neurologic toxicity (17%). The median PEG‐IFN‐α‐2b and ara‐C doses delivered were 3 μg/kg weekly and 7.5 mg daily, respectively, at 12 months of therapy. The activity and toxicity profiles of this combination was similar to those observed in historical patients treated with IFN‐α and cytarabine.CONCLUSIONSThe combination of PEG‐IFN‐α‐2b and ara‐C is active but has significant toxicity in patients with chronic‐phase CML at the dose schedule used. The recommended dose of PEG‐IFN‐α‐2b in future combination studies is 3 μg/kg or less. Cancer 2003;97:3010–6. © 2003 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.11424
Involvement of the p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase cascade in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Iyoda Kenya , Sasaki Yutaka , Horimoto Masayoshi , Toyama Takashi , Yakushijin Takayuki , Sakakibara Mitsuru , Takehara Tetsuo , Fujimoto Jiro , Hori Masatsugu , Wands Jack R. , Hayashi Norio 
Published: May 2003

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade is activated in response to various extracellular stimuli. The authors investigated the involvement of the p38 MAPK, a member of the MAPK superfamily, cascade in hepatoma cell lines and in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissue specimens.METHODSConstitutively active mutant of MAPK kinase 6 (MKK6), which is upstream of p38 MAPK, was transfected into the HepG2 and HuH7 human hepatoma cell lines. The constitutive active mutant was constructed by replacing Ser‐189 and Thr‐193 with Glu. The growth and death of mutant MKK6‐transfected hepatoma cells were analyzed by the WST‐1 and sub‐G1 assays. The surgically resected livers of 20 HCC patients were divided histologically into tumorous (T) and nontumorous (NT) lesions. p38 MAPK activity was analyzed using in vitro kinase assay and MKK6 activity was measured using Western blot analysis.RESULTSMutant MKK6 transfection increased p38 MAPK activity, cytochrome c release from the mitochondria to the cytosol, and caspase‐3 activity, accompanied by apoptosis. In contrast, SB203580, a p38 MAPK‐specific inhibitor, prevented MKK6‐induced apoptosis in hepatoma cell lines. In the T lesions of 20 HCC parients, p38 MAPK and MKK6 activities were significantly lower compared with NT lesions (P < 0.05). There was a significant positive correlation between p38 MAPK and MKK6 activity (r = 0.507, P < 0.05). Larger tumors (> 20 mm) exhibited lower levels of p38 MAPK and MKK6 activity than did smaller tumors (P < 0.05).CONCLUSIONSThese findings suggested that reduction of the p38 MAPK cascade may account, in part, for the resistance to apoptosis, leading to the unrestricted cell growth of human HCC. Cancer 2003;97:3017–26. © 2003 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.11425
Hepatic steatosis is a risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection
Authors: Ohata Kazuyuki , Hamasaki Keisuke , Toriyama Kan , Matsumoto Kojiro , Saeki Akira , Yanagi Kenji , Abiru Seigou , Nakagawa Yuichi , Shigeno Masaya , Miyazoe Seiji , Ichikawa Tatsuki , Ishikawa Hiroki , Nakao Kazuhiko , Eguchi Katsumi 
Published: May 2003

AbstractBACKGROUNDHepatic steatosis is one of the histopathologic features of chronic hepatitis C. It was reported recently that the expression of hepatitis C virus (HCV) core protein in transgenic mice induced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in association with steatosis. The objective of this study was to determine the relation between hepatic steatosis and hepatocarcinogenesis in patients with chronic HCV infection.METHODSThe authors studied 161 patients with chronic HCV infection who were diagnosed at Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan, between January 1980 and December 1999. Age, gender, body mass index (BMI), habitual drinking, diabetes mellitus, serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) level, HCV serotype, serum level of HCV core protein, interferon (IFN) treatment, hepatic fibrosis inflammation, and hepatic steatosis were studied with regard to their significance in the development of HCC using univariate and multivariate analyses.RESULTSThe cumulative incidence rates of HCC were 24%, 51%, and 63% at 5 years, 10 years, and 15 years, respectively. Multivariate analysis identified hepatic steatosis, together with aging, cirrhosis, and no IFN treatment, as independent and significant risk factors for HCC (P = 0.0135, P = 0.0390, P = 0.0068, and P = 0.0142, respectively). In addition, hepatic steatosis was correlated with BMI, serum ALT levels, and triglyceride levels.CONCLUSIONSThe findings of the current study indicate that hepatic steatosis is a risk factor for HCC in patients with chronic HCV infection. Patients with chronic HCV and hepatic steatosis should be monitored carefully for HCC. Cancer 2003;97:3036–43. © 2003 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.11427
Coping and caring
Authors: Hanson Mary L. R. 
Published: May 2003

AbstractFor more than 50 years, Cancer has explored every facet of malignant disease, including morphology, therapy, epidemiology, biology, historical perspective, and basic science. However, the Editors of Cancer believe that the human beings who bear the burden of this illness have much to teach us, and we now solicit essays from patients and family members about their experience.Barrie R. Cassileth, Ph.D. Integrative Medicine Service, Memorial Sloan‐Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.A. Bernard Ackerman, M.D. Ackerman Academy of Dermatopathology, New York, New York. Cancer 2003;97:2940. © 2003 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.11431
Plasma levels of D‐dimer in lung carcinoma
Authors: Buccheri Gianfranco , Torchio Pierfederico , Ferrigno Domenico 
Published: May 2003

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe activation of the clotting‐fibrinolytic system in cancer patients is common and represents an unfavorable clinical sign. D‐dimer (DD) is a sensitive marker of fibrinolysis.METHODSThe current study comprised 826 new lung carcinoma patients seen consecutively in a single institution over a 10‐year period (1992–2001). For each patient, 31 variables, including DD and survival duration, were available for analysis.RESULTSOnly weak relationships between DD and the other variables were found. The DD variable correlated best with the level of lactate dehydrogenase, performance status, tissue polypeptide antigen, stage of disease, and the number of metastases (rho = 0.33, −0.25, 0.18, 0.18, and 0.15, respectively). The D‐dimer distinguished patients with different prognoses. The median survival periods were 154 days (95% confidence interval [CI], 122–189 days) and 308 days (95% CI, 227–409 days; log rank statistic, 26.56;P< 0.01), respectively, for abnormally elevated and normal values. The difference was greater in patients with adenocarcinoma and in patients presenting with a less advanced disease, especially in patients with pathologic Stage Ia disease. The best multivariate survival model selected 10 significant covariates, including DD.CONCLUSIONSThe authors recommend measuring the plasma level of DD in all new lung carcinoma patients. This measurement may help to formulate individual prognoses and can be used to indicate adjuvant treatment for surgical patients. Cancer 2003;97:3044–52. © 2003 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.11432
Central nervous system metastases in women who receive trastuzumab‐based therapy for metastatic breast carcinoma
Authors: Bendell Johanna C. , Domchek Susan M. , Burstein Harold J. , Harris Lyndsay , Younger Jerry , Kuter Irene , Bunnell Craig , Rue Montse , Gelman Rebecca , Winer Eric 
Published: May 2003

AbstractBACKGROUNDWomen with HER‐2 overexpressing metastatic breast carcinoma benefit from trastuzumab‐based therapy, but trastuzumab does not cross the blood‐brain barrier. The authors characterized central nervous system (CNS) disease in these women.METHODSUsing pharmacy records, the authors retrospectively identified 153 women treated with trastuzumab alone or with chemotherapy for HER‐2–positive metastatic breast carcinoma at Dana‐Farber Partners Cancer Care from June 1998 to December 2000. A study cohort of 122 patients was identified after excluding patients without adequate clinical follow‐up or who had CNS disease before trastuzumab treatment. Central nervous system disease was defined as one or more brain metastases or as leptomeningeal carcinomatosis. The median follow‐up of this cohort was 23 months.RESULTSCentral nervous system metastases were identified in 34% of patients (95% confidence interval, 26–44%) at a median of 16 months after diagnosis of metastatic breast carcinoma and 6 months from the beginning of trastuzumab therapy. Ninety‐three percent of patients with CNS disease presented with clinical symptoms. Five percent of patients with CNS disease had leptomeningeal involvement alone, although 14% had leptomeningeal involvement and parenchymal brain metastases. Fifty percent of patients were responding or had stable disease while receiving trastuzumab at other disease sites at the time of diagnosis of CNS metastasis. The median survival period after CNS metastases was 13 months. Fifty percent of patients died of progressive CNS disease. Patients receiving trastuzumab as first‐line therapy for metastatic disease frequently developed brain metastases while responding to or stable on trastuzumab at other disease sites.CONCLUSIONSMetastatic breast carcinoma to the CNS is common among patients receiving trastuzumab‐based therapy, including patients responding to therapy outside the CNS. This may be due either to predilection for the CNS by HER‐2–positive tumor cells and/or poor penetration of the CNS by trastuzumab or to improved visceral disease control leading to a longer life and onset of late tumor spread to the CNS. Efforts to characterize other risk factors for development of CNS disease, optimal screening algorithms, and new treatment strategies may be warranted. Cancer 2003;97:2972–7. © 2003 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.11436