bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Full‐body blue light irradiation as treatment for atopic dermatitis: a randomized sham‐controlled clinical trial (AD‐Blue)
Authors: Buhl Timo , Santibanez Santana Marisol , Forkel Susann , Kromer Christian , Seidel Julia , Möbs Christian , Pfützner Wolfgang , Pfeiffer Sebastian , Laubach Hans‐Joachim , Boehncke Wolf‐Henning , Liebmann Joerg , Born Matthias , Schön Michael Peter 
Published: October 2023

SummaryBackgroundVisible blue light (wavelength 400–495 nm) is a promising new treatment option for both psoriasis and atopic dermatitis (AD). Whilst previous clinical trials featured various devices and blue light at a variety of wavelengths, none of these interventions were challenged in objective clinical criteria.Patients and MethodsEighty‐seven patients diagnosed with AD were enrolled in AD‐Blue, an international, prospective, double‐blinded, three‐armed (415 nm vs. 450 nm vs. sham control), randomized trial designed to investigate the safety and efficacy of prototype full‐body blue light devices.ResultsFull‐body irradiation with 450 nm blue light but not 415 nm had a significant impact on itch (Itch‐VAS, –1.6 ± 2.3; p = 0.023 vs. sham irradiation). PO‐SCORAD values also decreased significantly in response to irradiation at 415 nm (–11.5 ± 18.4; p = 0.028 vs. sham irradiation). None of the other outcome measures (EASI, SCORAD, IGA, DLQI) changed significantly. No safety signals were observed. Evaluation of skin transcriptomes, cytokine levels in serum, and ELISpots from peripheral blood mononuclear cells isolated from a subset of patients revealed moderate decreases in IL‐31 in response to irradiation with blue light.ConclusionsDespite its favorable safety profile and moderate reductions in itch and IL‐31 levels, full‐body blue light irradiation did not lead to an amelioration of any of the objective measures of AD.
Types of diabetes during pregnancy and risk of depression and anxiety in offspring from childhood to young adulthood
Authors: Xiang Anny H. , Lin Jane C. , Chow Ting , Martinez Mayra P. , Negriff Sonya , Page Kathleen A. , McConnell Rob , Carter Sarah A. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAimsTo assess maternal pre‐existing type 1 diabetes (T1D), type 2 diabetes (T2D), gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) during pregnancy and risk of depression and anxiety from childhood to young adulthood in offspring.Materials and MethodsThis birth cohort included singletons born during 1995‐2015, followed using electronic medical records through 2020. Cox regression was used to estimate hazard ratio (HR) of depression or anxiety diagnosis during follow‐up associated with in‐utero exposure to maternal diabetes.ResultsAmong 439 590 offspring, 29 891 (6.8%) had depression and 51 918 (11.8%) had anxiety. T1D, followed by T2D and GDM requiring antidiabetes medication were associated with risk of depression and anxiety in offspring. Compared with no diabetes during pregnancy, the adjusted HRs (95% confidence interval) of depression in offspring associated with T1D, T2D or GDM requiring medications were 1.44 (1.09‐1.91), 1.30 (1.15‐1.47) and 1.18 (1.11‐1.26) respectively; conversely, HRs were 0.97 (0.82‐1.15) for T2D and 0.99 (0.94‐1.04) for GDM without medications. The associations with anxiety followed similar patterns. The significant associations were observed for offspring ages 5‐12 and >12‐18 years and attenuated for 18‐25 years.ConclusionThese data suggest that the severity of diabetes (T1D vs. T2D requiring medications vs. GDM requiring medications) during pregnancy may increase the vulnerability of offspring for depression or anxiety.
Proportion of participants with type 2 diabetes achieving a metabolic composite endpoint with once‐weekly semaglutide treatment versus comparators: Post hoc pooled analysis from SUSTAIN 1‐5, 7‐10 and SUSTAIN China
Authors: Ji Linong , Ahmann A. J. , Ahrén B. , Capehorn M. S. , Hu P. , Lingvay I. , Liu W. , Rodbard H. W. , Shen Z. , Sorli C. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAimTo compare the proportion of participants with type 2 diabetes (T2D) treated with once‐weekly (OW) subcutaneous (SC) semaglutide versus comparators who achieved a composite metabolic endpoint.Materials and MethodsSUSTAIN 1‐5, 7‐10 and SUSTAIN China trial data were pooled. Participants with T2D (aged ≥18 years) and glycated haemoglobin ≥7.0% (≥53 mmol/mol) who had been randomized to OW SC semaglutide (0.5 or 1.0 mg) or comparator in addition to background medication. Using patient‐level data pooled by treatment, proportions of participants achieving the metabolic composite endpoint, defined as glycated haemoglobin <7% (<53 mmol/mol), blood pressure <140/90 mmHg and non‐high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol <130 mg/dl (<3.37 mmol/L), were evaluated following baseline adjustments. Endpoints were analysed per trial using a binomial logistic regression model with treatment, region/country and stratification factor as fixed effects and baseline value as covariate. Pooled analysis used logistic regression with treatment and trial as fixed effects and baseline value as covariate.ResultsThis post hoc analysis included data from 7633 participants across 10 trials. The proportion of participants who achieved the metabolic composite endpoint was significantly higher with OW SC semaglutide 0.5 and 1.0 mg versus comparators (23.7% and 32.0% vs. 11.5%, respectively; p < .0001). Likewise, when the OW SC semaglutide doses were pooled, significantly higher proportions of patients receiving semaglutide achieved the composite metabolic endpoint versus comparators (29.1% vs. 11.4%, respectively; p < .0001).ConclusionsTreatment with OW SC semaglutide versus comparators was associated with increased proportions of participants with T2D meeting the composite metabolic endpoint.
Does the power of the king stop at the village gate? Embeddedness and provincial development in Vietnam
Authors: Trinh Trong‐Anh , Feeny Simon 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAt a subnational level, studies typically find that embedded or local leaders are better at providing public goods relative to leaders appointed from other areas. This paper tests whether this finding holds in the context of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. Specifically, it examines the impact of a cadre transfer policy whereby the central government assigns (nonresident) officials to provincial leadership positions rather than them being elected locally. Using data covering the period 2005–2017, changes in the development of provinces led by local (embedded) leaders versus nonlocal leaders are compared. Provincial development is measured using the incidence of headcount poverty as well as “vegetation” and “build‐up” indices constructed using satellite data. Using fixed‐effects modeling, findings suggest that improved provincial development is associated with nonlocal leaders. This finding is in contrast to those of existing studies including those examining embeddedness in other authoritarian states.
A trait‐based approach to assess niche overlap and functional distinctiveness between non‐indigenous and native species
Authors: Vivó‐Pons Antoni , Blomqvist Mats , Törnroos Anna , Lindegren Martin 
Published: October 2023

AbstractOur understanding of the community assembly processes acting on non‐indigenous species (NIS), as well as the relationship with native species is limited, especially in marine ecosystems. To overcome this knowledge gap we here develop a trait‐based approach based on the functional distinctiveness metric to assess niche overlap between NIS and native species, using high‐resolution data on benthic invertebrate communities in the Baltic Sea. Our results show that NIS retain a certain degree of similarity with native species, but display one or a few singular unique traits (e.g., bioturbation ability). Furthermore, we demonstrate that community assembly processes, including both environmental filtering and limiting similarity affect NIS establishment, but that their effects may be highly context dependent, as illustrated by pronounced spatial patterns in distinctiveness. Finally, our trait‐based approach provides a generic framework applicable to other areas and organisms, to better understand and address biological invasions.
High intraspecific growth variability despite strong evolutionary legacy in an Amazonian forest
Authors: Schmitt Sylvain , Hérault Bruno , Derroire Géraldine 
Published: October 2023

AbstractTree growth is key to species performance. However, individual growth variability within species remains underexplored for a whole community, and the role of species evolutionary legacy and local environments remains unquantified. Based on 36 years of diameter records for 7961 trees from 138 species, we assessed individual growth across an Amazonian forest. We related individual growth to taxonomy, topography and neighbourhood, before exploring species growth link to functional traits and distribution along the phylogeny. We found most variation in growth among individuals within species, even though taxonomy explained a third of the variation. Species growth was phylogenetically conserved up to the genus. Traits of roots, wood and leaves were good predictors of growth, suggesting their joint selection during convergent evolutions. Neighbourhood crowding significantly decreased individual growth, although much of inter‐individual variation remains unexplained. The high intraspecific variation observed could allow individuals to respond to the heterogeneous environments of Amazonian forests.
Guillain−Barré syndrome and SARS‐CoV‐2 infection: a systematic review and meta‐analysis on a debated issue and evidence for the ‘Italian factor’
Authors: Censi Stefano , Bisaccia Giandomenico , Gallina Sabina , Tomassini Valentina , Uncini Antonino 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackground and purposeThe association between Guillain−Barré syndrome (GBS) and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) is debated. This study reappraises, after three pandemic years, the epidemiological data and the features of GBS in SARS‐CoV‐2 patients.MethodsA systematic review and meta‐analysis of case reports/series and cohort studies published between 1 January 2020 and 19 April 2023 was performed.ResultsIn all, 209 case reports/series (304 patients) and 26 cohort studies were included. The risk of GBS in northern Italy during the first pandemic wave was 2.85 times increased (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.54; 5.25) whereas in some countries the risk during the first pandemic year was 0.17 times reduced (risk ratio 0.83, 95% CI 0.75; 0.93). The incidence of GBS in SARS‐CoV‐2 Italian hospitalized cohorts was 8.55 per 1000 (95% CI 5.33; 12.49) with an estimated incidence of 0.13 GBS per 1000 in the SARS‐CoV‐2 infected population. In European cohorts the pooled rate of GBS with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection was 61.3% of the total. GBS patients with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection showed more frequently, but not differently from non‐infected patients, the classical clinical presentation and the demyelinating subtype. Cranial nerves were more frequently involved in SARS‐CoV‐2 infected patients.ConclusionsAn increased risk of GBS occurred in northern Italy during early COVID‐19 pandemic. The recognition of the ‘Italian factor’ reconciles contrasting results of the epidemiological studies. The slightly reduced GBS risk in other countries and the relatively high frequency of GBS associated with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection can be explained by the adopted health measures that decreased the circulation of other GBS infective antecedents.
Biological control potential of a laboratory selected generalist parasitoid versus a co‐evolved specialist parasitoid against the invasiveDrosophila suzukii
Authors: Istas Oscar , Szűcs Marianna 
Published: October 2023

AbstractA few generations of laboratory selection can increase the developmental success of native parasitoids on invasive targets. However, for this approach to be used more widely for biological control, we need to understand if the improved performance of native species, achieved under artificial laboratory conditions, translates to improved control in more natural environments. It is also unknown what the biocontrol potential of laboratory selected generalist native parasitoids may be compared to co‐evolved specialists that are typically introduced for biological control of invasive species. To assess how rearing in artificial diet affected host finding ability in natural hosts, we used laboratory selected (adapted) and nonadapted populations of the generalist native parasitoidTrichopria drosophilaeto parasitize the invasive fly,Drosophila suzukiiin three different fruit types. In a separate experiment, we compared the effectiveness of adapted and nonadapted populations ofT. drosophilaein raspberries with a co‐evolved specialist larval parasitoidGanaspis brasiliensisfrom Asia that was recently approved for release in the USA. More adult parasitoids emerged in each fruit type of the adapted compared to the nonadapted population ofT. drosophilae.D. suzukiiemergence rates were reduced on average by 85% by the adaptedT. drosophilaepopulation indicating that the artificial rearing conditions did not significantly impair the ability of parasitoids to locate and attack hosts in natural hosts. The specialistG. brasiliensishad higher adult emergence than the adapted population ofT. drosophilae; however, both parasitoid species were able to reduceD. suzukiipopulations to the same extent. These results show that despite the lower developmental success of the laboratory selectedT. drosophilae, they killed the same proportion ofD. suzukiiasG. brasiliensiswhen host choice was restricted. In nature, where host choices are available, specialist and generalist parasitoids will be unlikely to exhibit the same biocontrol potential.
Secure transmission of ocean images using deep learning‐based data hiding
Authors: Singh Himanshu Kumar , Singh Kedar Nath , Singh Amit Kumar 
Published: October 2023

AbstractData hiding has become a hot research topic in recent years due to increased attention placed on the copyright protection of ocean images and related digital records. Further, high image volumes put enormous pressure on transmission bandwidth and storage capabilities. This paper proposes an innovative deep learning‐based data‐hiding technique for ocean images. First, a down‐sampling scheme is applied to compress the secret mark before embedding it in the host media. Then, a convolutional neural network is used to embed and recover compressed marks into or from the host ocean image. Finally, a generative adversarial network‐based reconstruction network is used to reconstruct the high‐quality mark image. Our experiments show that the proposed work not only maintains high imperceptibility and robustness against many attacks but also provides better data‐hiding performance than related works.
Exploring low‐income, Black fathers' strengths and barriers to positive change using qualitative methods
Authors: Russell Katie N. , Withrow Ashley , Voith Laura , Vernon Carmen , Lee Hyunjune , McKinney Sherise 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe goal was to explore low‐income, Black fathers' personal strengths and barriers to engaged fatherhood, healthy relationships, and economic stability.BackgroundFatherhood programs often rely on case management and education to promote positive fathering, healthy relationships, and economic stability. However, methods should be tailored to fit the strengths and needs of participating fathers. Low‐income, Black fathers face additional challenges related to systemic discrimination and structural violence that can hinder their success. To effectively serve this group, research is required to understand their relevant strengths and barriers.MethodsSemistructured focus groups explored fathers' personal strengths and barriers specific to the three areas of interest with fatherhood program staff (n = 8) and enrolled fathers (n = 26). Thematic analysis was conducted then systematically vetted by community scholars (previously enrolled or graduated fathers).ResultsFathering strengths included empathy, listening skills, and active family participation. Barriers included limited custody or access, individual constraints, and unmet social needs. Participants contextualized these findings with structural issues related to coparenting and the legal system (e.g., biased court systems). Men's relationship strengths included mutual respect and teamwork. Barriers included past trauma, lack of healthy relationship models, and relationship strain. Economic stability strengths included financial literacy and motivation to provide, whereas barriers included legal history, financial obligations, and limited resources.ConclusionThese findings highlight key individual‐level strengths and barriers grounded in fathers' intersectional identities as predominantly low‐income, Black men.ImplicationsPrograms serving low‐income, Black fathers should consider tailoring their programming to the lived experiences of participants to navigate these critical barriers and amplify assets for success.
Exploring signals of myopathy associated with statin and contraindicated comedications in the realworld
Authors: Park Sewon , Lee Ju Won , Nam Dal Ri , Jung Sun‐Young 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundUsing statins in combination with other drugs was reported to increase the risk of myopathy. However, there was a sparse number of studies on the incidence of adverse events (AEs) associated with the concomitant use of statin and contraindicated drugs in the real world.ObjectivesThis study aimed to identify the risk of concomitant use of statins with contraindicated drugs by exploring signals related to statin–drug interactions.MethodsWe performed a disproportionality analysis for drugs and AEs by applying the case/non‐case study using the KIDS KAERS DB (2105A0027), 2016–2020. A case was defined as an individual case safety reports (ICSRs) including “rhabdomyolysis/myopathy.” A non‐case was defined as an ICSR, including all other AEs. We applied Ω shrinkage measure model, chi‐square statics model, additive model, multiplicative model, and combination risk ratio model to detect signals of myopathy due to statin with concomitant drugs including antiviral agents, immunosuppressants, and antifungals.ResultsAmong 1 011 234 ICSRs, 2708 were cases, with 861 cases of statin monotherapy and 1248 of concomitant uses of statin. The adjusted reporting odds ratios were 3.27 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.11–3.43), 8.70 (95% CI: 8.04–9.40), and 1.83 (95% CI: 1.73–1.94), respectively. Several combinations of signals were detected through an additive model or multiplicative model.ConclusionSignals of an increased risk of myopathy associated with the use of statins with concomitant drugs, including contraindicated drugs, were confirmed in a real‐world setting.
Structural reliability analysis of aircraft wing rib fatigue cracking using surrogate dynamic Bayesian network
Authors: Park Saejin , Cho Hwanjeong , Park Sungryul , Lee Dooyoul 
Published: October 2023

AbstractDynamic Bayesian networks (DBNs) are crucial for evaluating time‐sensitive structural risks in aircraft, yet their inherent complexity can create substantial computational demands. This research introduces a surrogate model, specifically a two‐layer artificial neural network (ANN), to replace the most computationally intensive node in the DBN, typically associated with an ordinary differential equation solver. The surrogate model was chosen after comparing 24 regression machine learning models and optimizing hyperparameters, leading to a significant reduction in computational time and an improvement over traditional methods such as Monte Carlo simulations. The surrogate model demonstrates practical significance with its conservative risk estimations and successful application to a real‐world structural fatigue issue in an F‐4E aircraft intermediate rib. The unique aspect of this research lies in the strategic application of ANN to mitigate computational challenges, thereby enhancing the performance of DBN in fatigue risk analysis.
Creep mechanical properties and creep damage model of sandstone considering temperature effect based on acoustic emission
Authors: Pan Xiaokang , Zhou Xiaoping , Zou Yulin , Lei Deming , Berto Filippo 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis work studies the creep mechanical properties and creep damage model of high‐temperature heat treated sandstone. Acoustic emission (AE) technology is used to monitor the crack evolution of sandstone in uniaxial compression and creep experiments in real time. The influence of temperature on the mechanical properties of sandstone is analyzed through AE count, cumulative AE count, and AE absolute energy. The relationship between cumulative AE count and axial strain is discussed, and the cumulative AE count increases exponentially with increasing axial strain. Moreover, an appropriate damage evolution equation is established based on the cumulative AE count, and a nonlinear viscoelastic‐plastic model capable of describing the decay creep, steady‐stage creep, and accelerated creep stages of high‐temperature heat treated sandstone is constructed. Through the model validation and parameter inversion, the new creep damage model can be employed to study the creep instability of geotechnical engineering under high temperature environment.
Accounting for herbaceous communities in process‐based models will advance our understanding of “grassy” ecosystems
Authors: Wilcox Kevin R. , Chen Anping , Avolio Meghan L. , Butler Ethan E. , Collins Scott , Fisher Rosie , Keenan Trevor , Kiang Nancy Y. , Knapp Alan K. , Koerner Sally E. , Kueppers Lara , Liang Guopeng , Lieungh Eva , Loik Michael , Luo Yiqi , Poulter Ben , Reich Peter , Renwick Katherine , Smith Melinda D. , Walker Anthony , Weng Ensheng , Komatsu Kimberly J. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractGrassland and other herbaceous communities cover significant portions of Earth's terrestrial surface and provide many critical services, such as carbon sequestration, wildlife habitat, and food production. Forecasts of global change impacts on these services will require predictive tools, such as process‐based dynamic vegetation models. Yet, model representation of herbaceous communities and ecosystems lags substantially behind that of tree communities and forests. The limited representation of herbaceous communities within models arises from two important knowledge gaps: first, our empirical understanding of the principles governing herbaceous vegetation dynamics is either incomplete or does not provide mechanistic information necessary to drive herbaceous community processes with models; second, current model structure and parameterization of grass and other herbaceous plant functional types limits the ability of models to predict outcomes of competition and growth for herbaceous vegetation. In this review, we provide direction for addressing these gaps by: (1) presenting a brief history of how vegetation dynamics have been developed and incorporated into earth system models, (2) reporting on a model simulation activity to evaluate current model capability to represent herbaceous vegetation dynamics and ecosystem function, and (3) detailing several ecological properties and phenomena that should be a focus for both empiricists and modelers to improve representation of herbaceous vegetation in models. Together, empiricists and modelers can improve representation of herbaceous ecosystem processes within models. In so doing, we will greatly enhance our ability to forecast future states of the earth system, which is of high importance given the rapid rate of environmental change on our planet.