bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conflicting Loyalties: Cognitive Abstraction Drives Whistleblowing Behavior Among Those Who Value Loyalty
Authors: van Houwelingen Gijs , Bobocel D. Ramona , Okimoto Tyler 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Potential whistleblowers, that is, people contemplating revealing potentially damaging information about unethical or unlawful behavior to a third party, are often described as facing a conflict between loyalty and fairness. Yet, whistleblowers often may feel a sense of conflicting loyalties: loyalty towards the party (e.g., a colleague) that may be damaged by their blowing the whistle and loyalty towards the party (e.g., society at large) that may benefit. Understanding how people deal with such conflict of loyalties is critical for increasing whistleblowing and reducing unethical behavior. In three studies (total N = 929), we draw on construal level theory to demonstrate that, when loyalty motives are salient, the level of abstractness at which people construe a whistleblower dilemma affects whistleblowing behavior. Because the party that stands to benefit from whistleblowing is typically more global than the party that will be damaged, cognitive abstraction increases whistleblowing behavior relative to concreteness, particularly when loyalty (vs. fairness) is a salient motive. Moreover, Study 3 findings reveal that cognitive abstraction predicts whistleblowing through increased identification with global entities among people for whom loyalty is more salient. Hence, we demonstrate that whistleblowing decisions are influenced not only by the salience of certain moral motives, but also the way that people construe whistleblower dilemmas, namely, relatively abstractly or concretely. Altogether, our research offers a novel understanding of whistleblowing behavior—as a conflict between loyalties—and identifies a cognitive mechanism for promoting whistleblowing and reducing unethical behavior.
“Tap-dancing around the conversation”: difficulties in an intimate deep moral disagreement
Authors: Manhire Ryan , Kronqvist Camilla 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We relate recent accounts of Wittgenstein-inspired deep disagreement to polarised understandings of sex and gender, considering their strengths and limitations in clarifying clashes that may sometimes appear in our most intimate sexual relationships. Our starting point is a heated and deeply disruptive argument between a man and a woman in a heterosexual relationship, presented in the lyrics and music video for Kendrick Lamar and Taylour Paige’s song ‘We Cry Together’. We use this example to bring out some of the fixed assumptions about the nature of deep disagreements, seen in Robert J. Fogelin’s account of forms of life, David M. Godden and William H. Brenner’s account of concept determination, Duncan Pritchard’s account of hinge commitments, and Victoria Lavorerio’s account of pictures. Though we find much of the discussion present in these accounts promising, we argue that none are able to grasp the messy, unpredictable, and constantly shifting nature of the (quite ordinary) disagreement in our example. This offers support to scholars who caution against making a priori claims about which topics (e.g. abortion) necessarily evoke deep disagreements, and suggests that we resist attempts to establish, a priori, what deep disagreements must look like, and how they must be resolved. This enables us to bring out the ways in which pig-headedness and self-righteousness, in our example, do not provide reasons to reject this particular disagreement as “genuinely” deep, but provide a picture of an emotional dynamic on which the depth of this particular deep moral disagreement seems to hinge.
In vitro culture and profiling of secondary metabolites in naturally colored cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)
Authors: Aydın Onur , Turgut Kara Neslihan 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The cotton (Gossypium spp.) plant, which is the leading source of plant-based textile fiber, is also an economically valuable resource for agriculture and many other industries. Some cotton varieties may also have fibers in brown, green and tan tones, aside from the common white. Cotton with this type of fiber development is called ‘Naturally Colored Cotton’ (NCC). Various applications were performed here, including callus induction and propagation, root suspension cultures, and the analysis of secondary metabolite profiles in in vitro grown roots and callus tissues of NCC (Gossypium hirsutum L. Sarıgelin variety). Studies on callus culture have revealed multiple plant growth regulator (PGR) concentrations and combinations with high success rates for callus induction from NCC hypocotyl explants. Among the concentrations tested, MS medium containing 1.0 mg/L IAA and 0.5 mg/L Kinetin was the most effective combination for callus induction. Rooted shoots were successfully propagated from cotyledonary nodes. Following HPLC analyses of white cotton roots, NCC roots, and callus tissues grown in vitro revealed both varieties to be rich in phenolic sources such as flavonoids and anthraquinones. Plant tissue culture practices on NCC provide substantial source materials for future biotechnological applications. Therefore, this study is expected to provide valuable data, enabling further research to be conducted on naturally colored cotton.
German surgeons’ perspective on the application of artificial intelligence in clinical decision-making
Authors: Henn Jonas , Vandemeulebroucke Tijs , Hatterscheidt Simon , Dohmen Jonas , Kalff Jörg C. , van Wynsberghe Aimee , Matthaei Hanno 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Purpose
Artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming clinical decision-making (CDM). This application of AI should be a conscious choice to avoid technological determinism. The surgeons’ perspective is needed to guide further implementation.

Methods
We conducted an online survey among German surgeons, focusing on digitalization and AI in CDM, specifically for acute abdominal pain (AAP). The survey included Likert items and scales.

Results
We analyzed 263 responses. Seventy-one percentage of participants were male, with a median age of 49 years (IQR 41–57). Seventy-three percentage of participants carried out a senior role, with a median of 22 years of work experience (IQR 13–28). AI in CDM was seen as helpful for workload management (48%) but not for preventing unnecessary treatments (32%). Safety (95%), evidence (94%), and usability (96%) were prioritized over costs (43%) for the implementation. Concerns included the loss of practical CDM skills (81%) and ethical issues like transparency (52%), patient trust (45%), and physician integrity (44%). Traditional CDM for AAP was seen as experience-based (93%) and not standardized (31%), whereas AI was perceived to assist with urgency triage (60%) and resource management (59%). On median, generation Y showed more confidence in AI for CDM (P = 0.001), while participants working in primary care hospitals were less confident (P = 0.021).

Conclusion
Participants saw the potential of AI for organizational tasks but are hesitant about its use in CDM. Concerns about trust and performance need to be addressed through education and critical evaluation. In the future, AI might provide sufficient decision support but will not replace the human component.
Quantitative bounds for products of simplices in subsets of the unit cube
Authors: Durcik Polona , Stipčić Mario 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
For each 1 ≤ i ≤ n, let k

i
≥ 1 and let Δ
i
be a set of vertices of a non-degenerate simplex of k

i
+ 1 points in

$${\mathbb R}^{{k_{i}}+1}$$

R

k

i

+
1

. If

$$A \subseteq [0,1]^{k_{1}+1} \times \cdots \times [0,1]^{{k_{n}}+1}$$

A
⊆
[
0
,
1

]

k

1

+
1

×
⋯
×
[
0
,
1

]

k

n

+
1

is a Lebesgue measurable set of measure at least δ, we show that there exists an interval I = I(Δ1,…,Δ
n
, A) of length at least

$$\exp(-\delta^{{-C}(\Delta_{1},\ldots,\Delta_{n})})$$

exp

(
−

δ

−
C

(

Δ

1

,
…
,

Δ

n

)

)

such that for each λ ∈ I, the set A contains

$${\Delta^{\prime}_{1}} \times \cdots \times {\Delta^{\prime}_{n}}$$

Δ

1

′

×
⋯
×

Δ

n

′

, where each

$${\Delta^{\prime}_{i}}$$

Δ

i

′

is an isometric copy of λΔ
i
.This is a quantitative improvement of a result by Lyall and Magyar. Our proof relies on harmonic analysis. The main ingredient in the proof are cancellation estimates for forms similar to multilinear singular integrals associated with n-partite n-regular hypergraphs.
Independence of existence of measurable equilibrium selections
Authors: Levy Yehuda John 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We study the problem of selecting, in a measurable manner, equilibria from each of a family of games. Typical equilibrium selection theorems assume continuity in, and compactness of, actions, while we merely assume equilibria exist for all games in the family, and payoffs are jointly Borel in parameter and actions. The existence of Lebesgue- or universally measurable selectors turns out to be independent of ZFC; the result is robust to restriction to zero-sum games, as well as to allowing mixed strategies. We show, however, that the existence of analytically measurable selections, well-known to exist for single decision makers, fails for families of two-player zero-sum games.
Effect of Dupilumab in CRSwNP Sinonasal Outcomes from Real Life Studies: A Systematic Review with Meta-analysis
Authors: Rodriguez-Iglesias Miguel , Calvo-Henríquez Christian , Martin-Jimenez Daniel , García-Lliberós Ainhoa , Maza-Solano Juan , Moreno-Luna Ramon , Izquierdo-Domínguez Adriana , Martínez-Capoccioni Gabriel , Alobid Isam 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Purpose of Review
Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is a debilitating inflammatory condition that significantly impacts quality of life. Despite treatment advances, recurrence is common, prompting the exploration of novel therapies such as monoclonal antibodies targeting the type 2 immune response, notably dupilumab. This research aims to evaluate the real-world evidence (RWE) of dupilumab in treating severe CRSwNP, comparing sinonasal outcomes to those observed in randomized clinical trials.

Recent Findings
Significant improvements were noted, with the average SNOT-22 score reduction being 37.2 points post-dupilumab treatment. The nasal polyp size (NPS) showed an average decrease of 3.6 points. The analysis highlighted the practical effectiveness of dupilumab, emphasizing its benefit over conventional therapies in reducing NPS and improving nasal symptoms.

Summary
The findings advocate for the integration of dupilumab into standard treatment protocols for severe CRSwNP, providing a robust alternative that could potentially reduce the high recurrence rates associated with current management strategies. This study underscores the utility of RWE in assessing the effectiveness of new medical treatments, suggesting that dupilumab offers substantial real-world benefits for patients suffering from this challenging condition.
Novel Intraoperative Applications of Fluorescence Imaging Using Indocyanine Green in Pediatric Urology
Authors: Lee Albert S. T. , Tong Ching Man Carmen 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Purpose of Review
Near-infrared fluorescence imaging (NIRF) with the use of indocyanine green (ICG) has been recently adopted in pediatric urology after its well-published use in the adult population. As a powerful tool that can help delineate complex anatomy and congenital anomalies, we discuss the various applications of this imaging in minimally invasive and open surgery in pediatric urology.

Recent Findings
The most reported applications of ICG in pediatric urology are within minimally invasive surgery, particularly varicoceles, renal surgery such as nephrectomies and renal tumor excision, mimicking its use in adult urology. ICG has also been applied to reconstructive urology such as ureteral reconstruction, hypospadias repair and bladder exstrophy. Despite its safety and more widespread use in pediatric surgery, all published studies in pediatric urology to date have been limited to small and single-center experiences, reflecting the novel nature of this technology in this field.

Summary
ICG has been shown to be safe and effective in children, particularly in those with complex anatomy and in technically challenging surgeries. Future studies should focus on standardized protocols for children and multi-center comparative studies.
Effects of Different Oils on the Physiochemical Properties of Pea Protein Concentrate and Maltodextrin Emulsions
Authors: Petelin Raúl , Malvasio Marcos , Monetta Daiana , Rasia Mercedes C. , Musumeci Matías A. , Castagnini Juan M. , Benitez Lucas O. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The effects of varying the oil phase composition on an O/W emulsion were evaluated. Rice bran oil (RBO), corn oil (CO), soybean oil (SO), coconut oil (CCO), palm oil (PO), and medium-chain triglyceride oil (MCT) were tested in the oil phase to assess their influence on emulsion characteristics, including droplet size distribution, rheology, stability, and in vitro digestibility. The physicochemical properties of the pure oils were also assessed. The emulsions were prepared using high-pressure homogenization, and their stability was analyzed over a three-day storage period. All emulsions remained stable throughout the whole testing period except for the TCM emulsion, which displayed a decrease in backscattering values on the third day. Similarly, the TCM emulsion presented remarkably high values in the rest of the analysis, with the greatest average droplet diameter, viscosity, and lipolysis during in vitro digestion. The CCO and PO emulsions presented intermediate values, and the RBO, CO, and SO emulsions presented the lowest values. Overall, the oil phase composition seems to strongly affect emulsion properties, particularly rheology.
Enhancing multi-season wheat yield through plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria using consortium and individual isolate applications
Authors: Breedt Gerhardus , Korsten Lise , Gokul Jarishma Keriuscia 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In recent decades, there has been a growing interest in harnessing plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) as a possible mechanism to mitigate the environmental impact of conventional agricultural practices and promote sustainable agricultural production. This study investigated the transferability of promising PGPR research from maize to another Poaceae cereal crop, wheat. This multi-seasonal study evaluated the wheat grain yield effect of Lysinibacillus sphaericus (T19), Paenibacillus alvei (T29) when applied i. individually, ii. as a consortium with Bacillus safensis (S7), and iii. at a 75% reduced fertilizer rate. Whole genome sequencing allowed annotation of genes linked to plant growth promotion, providing potential genomic explanations for the observed in-field findings. Application of the consortium compared to a commercial PGPR showed significantly increased wheat yield by 30.71%, and 25.03%, respectively, in season one, and 63.92% and 58.45%, respectively, under reduced fertilizer rates in season two. Individual application of T19 and T29 showed varying results, with T19 increasing wheat yield by 9.33% and 16.22% during seasons three and four but a substantial reduction (33.39%) during season five. T29 exhibited yield increases during season three (9.31%) and five (5.61%) but led to a significant reduction (21.15%) in season four. Genomic analysis unveiled a spectrum of plant growth-promoting genes including those associated with ammonification, phosphate solubilization, ethylene, siderophore, catalase, and superoxide dismutase production. These findings offer valuable insights into the mechanisms behind observed field results, with potential implications for advancing sustainable agriculture and crop productivity in evolving agricultural landscapes.
Developmental Bioelectricity as an Explanatory Framework for Cognition and Meaning
Authors: Pietarinen Ahti-Veikko , Beni Majid D. , Shumilina Vera 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We critically examine the intersection of developmental bioelectricity within the context of the Peircean philosophy of science. We address the criticism of Peirce’s objective idealism and synechism, contest the conflation of semiotic and physical laws, and scrutinise Peirce’s recovery of physical from psychological laws. The upshot is a nonmechanistic, nonreductive interpretation of the evolution of cognition in the bioengineering realm. The work of Kull and others is leveraged to demarcate semiotics and physics, emphasising the irreducibility of bioelectric phenomena to mechanistic explanations. Our paper advocates for methodological synechism in evolutionary biology, highlighting the heightened roles of bioelectricity in morphogenesis and basal cognition. We propose the free-energy principle as a unifying arbiter that sets an explanatory pathway toward integrated cognition and meaning in developmental bioelectricity.
Phase Portraits of the Family IV of the Quadratic Polynomial Differential Systems
Authors: Artés Joan Carles , Cairó Laurent , Llibre Jaume 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In the

$$\mathbb {R}^2$$

R

2

plane, the simplest non-linear differential systems are the quadratic polynomial differential systems. This type of differential systems have been studied intensively because of its non-linearity and wide range of applications. These systems have been classified into ten classes. In this article, we characterize in the Poincarè disk all topologically different phase portraits for one of these classes. Concretely we provide the complete study of the geometry of family IV. The family IV is six-dimensional and is reduced to several subfamilies which are three-dimensional. We give the bifurcation diagram of each specific normal form using invariant polynomials. The split of all quadratic systems in ten subfamilies could have been a good way to find all possible phase portraits of quadratic systems, if all ten families could have been studied completely. All families are six-dimensional and some of them can even be divided in several subfamilies with fewer parameters. However, certain families (I, II, and III) are too generic and cannot be reduced enough to allow its complete study. Regardless, this division of quadratic systems has been useful to study several families of quadratic systems having some other properties, and it is worth trying to get as many of them as possible studied in a complete way.
Replayable Augmented Reality Visualization for Robot Fault Diagnosis: A Comparative Study
Authors: Richards Lachlan , Ku Yew Siang , Calvert Alexander , Migdal Joshua , Hebert Gabriel , Croft Elizabeth , Cosgun Akansel 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Efficient fault diagnosis in autonomous robotic systems is essential for minimizing downtime. This study compares the effectiveness of an Augmented Reality (AR) interface and sensor data replay (featuring a 15-second loop before the fault) in diagnosing common robot faults. In a user study, 24 participants experienced a series of eight staged robot fault scenarios. A tablet-based interface, presenting identical information, was favoured over AR due to its effectiveness and ease of use. Participant feedback highlighted the limitations of the AR interface including the low field of view and blurriness, suggesting potential improvements in future AR headset iterations. While a preference for replayed data emerged, it was not supported uniformly, warranting further research. This study advances the exploration of Augmented Reality in human-robot interaction, emphasizing the crucial role of user-friendly interfaces for efficient robot fault diagnosis.
Break-Up of Plant Cell Structures in High Pressure Homogenizers – Prospects and Challenges for Processing of Plant-Based Beverages
Authors: Ransmark Eva , Sørensen Hanne , Gómez Galindo Federico , Håkansson Andreas 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
For more than a century, the dairy industry has used high-pressure homogenization for size reduction of fat globules. The prevailing break-up mechanism, turbulence, has been thoroughly investigated and the equipment continuously optimized thereafter. However, the high-pressure homogenizer is also used in size reduction of plant cell structures, for example in production lines of plant-based beverages, fruit and vegetable juices and ketchup. This review will provide a scientific basis for homogenization of plant-based materials with focus on break-up mechanisms. A cross-study comparison shows that different raw materials break in different ways, e.g. individual cells breaking into cell wall fragments and cell clusters breaking into smaller cell clusters. In general, raw materials which after intense premixing exist as cell clusters are more difficult to break than raw materials existing as individual cells. The resistance to break-up also appears to follow ‘raw material hardness’, where harder raw materials, e.g., parsnip and almond, are more difficult to break than softer raw materials, e.g., strawberry and orange. It can also be concluded that the initial particle size is of large importance for the size after high pressure homogenization. It is concluded that little is known about the break-up mechanism(s). Much does, however, point towards the mechanism being different from that of emulsion drop break-up. Suggestions for future studies, both regarding fundamental understanding (e.g., cell strength and breakup, HPH mechanistic studies and break up visualisations) and industrial applications (e.g., energy optimal operation, device design and wear) are provided.
Sintering Behaviour, Physical Properties and Environmental Assessment of Glass Foam from Waste Glass
Authors: Siddika Ayesha , Hajimohammadi Ailar , Sahajwalla Veena 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Glass foam, a porous material, is developed by sintering waste glass with foaming agents at high temperature, yielding chemically robust structures. However, the decomposition of foaming agents and chemical changes during sintering raises concerns about emissions during sintering and leaching from the final product. Despite various sintering methods and materials studied, their environmental impacts are not well explored. A recently introduced modified curing-sintering method was developed without the use of stabilizing chemicals, which could potentially reduce emissions and environmental impacts. However, the extent of its impact is unknown. This research studies potential emissions from materials during sintering and the heavy metal leaching from glass foams made by the newly modified sintering technique. Waste glass obtained from vehicle windshields is used as the primary raw material for glass foam preparation, supplemented by commercial fly ashes and slag as additives. Emissions from raw materials during the sintering process and the changes in chemical composition after sintering have been studied. Lastly, the heavy metals leaching possibilities from the final glass foam products have been assessed. Results reveal that the decomposition of foaming agents and organic content in raw materials leads to CO2 emission during the sintering. Due to low-temperature sintering (800℃) and no reduction agents, alkali and metallic oxide levels remain constant post-sintering. Heavy metal concentrations are extremely low, and their immobilization during the curing-sintering process ensures that leaching stays below safe limits. Therefore, this research provides insight into the potential environmental impacts of glass foam made of waste glass.

Graphical Abstract