bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patchy screening of the CMB from dark photons
Authors: Pîrvu Dalila , Huang Junwu , Johnson Matthew C. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
We study anisotropic (patchy) screening induced by the resonant conversion of cosmic microwave background (CMB) photons into dark-sector massive vector bosons (dark photons) as they cross non-linear large scale structure (LSS). Resonant conversion takes place through the kinetic mixing of the photon with the dark photon, one of the simplest low energy extensions to the Standard Model. In the early Universe, resonant conversion can occur when the photon plasma mass, obtained as the photon propagates through the ionized interstellar and intergalactic media, matches the dark photon mass. After the epoch of reionization, resonant conversion occurs mainly in the ionized gas that occupies virialized dark matter halos, for a range of dark photon masses between 10-13 eV ≲ m
A' ≲ 10-11 eV. This leads to new CMB anisotropies that are correlated with LSS, which we refer to as patchy dark screening, in analogy with anisotropies from Thomson screening. Its unique frequency dependence allows it to be distinguished from the blackbody CMB. In this paper, we use a halo model approach to predict the imprint of dark screening on the CMB temperature and polarization anisotropies, as well as their correlation with LSS. We then examine the two- and three-point correlation functions of the dark-screened CMB, as well as correlation functions between CMB and LSS observables, to project the sensitivity of future measurements to the kinetic mixing parameter and dark photon mass. We demonstrate that an analysis with existing CMB data can improve upon current constraints on the kinetic mixing parameter by two orders of magnitude with the two-point correlation functions, while data from upcoming CMB experiments and LSS surveys can further improve the reach by another order of magnitude with two- and three-point correlation functions.
Phase diagram of muonium hydride: the significant effect of dimensionality
Authors: Hu Jieru , Boninsegni Massimo 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
We carry out a theoretical investigation of the low-temperature phase diagram of muonium hydride in two dimensions, using numerical simulations. It is shown that the phase diagram of this substance is qualitatively different in two and three dimensions. Specifically, while in three dimensions it is essentially identical to that of parahydrogen, i.e., only displaying a single (crystalline) phase. In two dimensions it is very similar to that of 4He, with an equilibrium liquid phase that turns superfluid at a temperature as high as ∼2.2 K, and crystallizes under applied pressure. This is a well-described case of a continuous-space condensed matter system whose ground state equilibrium phase is qualitatively altered by dimensional reduction.
Proton-neutron symplectic model description of 106Cd
Authors: Ganev H. G. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
In this study, a microscopic shell-model description of the low-lying collective states in the weakly deformed nucleus

Cd within the recently proposed microscopic version of the Bohr-Mottelson model is provided. A good description of the excitation energies of the lowest ground, γ, and β quasibands is obtained without the adjustable kinetic energy term. Furthermore, γ degrees of freedom are shown to play a crucial role in the description of spectroscopy of this nucleus. A modified

preserving high-order interaction is used to produce a γ-unstable type of odd-even staggering, observed experimentally between the states of the quasi-γ band. The current approach enables the characterization of observed intraband and interband quadrupole collectivity. The findings of this study propose an alternative interpretation of the fundamental question regarding the nature of low-energy vibrations, as well as the emergence of deformation and collectivity in weakly deformed atomic nuclei.
MEP and TEP features variability: is it just the brain-state?
Authors: Bigoni Claudia , Pagnamenta Sara , Cadic-Melchior Andéol , Bevilacqua Michele , Harquel Sylvain , Raffin Estelle , Hummel Friedhelm C 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective. The literature investigating the effects of alpha oscillations on corticospinal excitability is divergent. We believe inconsistency in the findings may arise, among others, from the electroencephalography (EEG) processing for brain-state determination. Here, we provide further insights in the effects of the brain-state on cortical and corticospinal excitability and quantify the impact of different EEG processing. Approach. Corticospinal excitability was measured using motor evoked potential (MEP) peak-to-peak amplitudes elicited with transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS); cortical responses were studied through TMS-evoked potentials’ TEPs features. A TMS-EEG-electromyography (EMG) dataset of 18 young healthy subjects who received 180 single-pulse (SP) and 180 paired pulses (PP) to determine short-intracortical inhibition (SICI) was investigated. To study the effect of different EEG processing, we compared the brain-state estimation deriving from three published methods. The influence of presence of neural oscillations was also investigated. To evaluate the effect of the brain-state on MEP and TEP features variability, we defined the brain-state based on specific EEG phase and power combinations, only in trials where neural oscillations were present. The relationship between TEPs and MEPs was further evaluated. Main results. The presence of neural oscillations resulted in more consistent results regardless of the EEG processing approach. Nonetheless, the latter still critically affected the outcomes, making conclusive claims complex. With our approach, the MEP amplitude was positively modulated by the alpha power and phase, with stronger responses during the trough phase and high power. Power and phase also affected TEP features. Importantly, similar effects were observed in both TMS conditions. Significance. These findings support the view that the brain state of alpha oscillations is associated with the variability observed in cortical and corticospinal responses to TMS, with a tight correlation between the two. The results further highlight the importance of closed-loop stimulation approaches while underlining that care is needed in designing experiments and choosing the analytical approaches, which should be based on knowledge from offline studies to control for the heterogeneity originating from different EEG processing strategies.
Observation of resonant tearing mode induced by energetic-ion redistribution due to sawtooth collapse in HL-2A NBI plasmas
Authors: Yu L.M. , Zhu X.L. , Chen W. , Shi P.W. , Ji X.Q. , Shi Z.B. , Ma R.R. , He X.F. , Yan X.Y. , He X.X. , Hou Y.M. , Li Y.G. , Huang Y. , Deng W. , Gou W.P. , Cao J.Y. , Zhang Y.P. , Liu Yi , Yu D.L. , Wang Z.X. , Zhong W.L. , Xu M. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Recent observations on the HL-2A tokamak give new experimental evidence of resonant tearing modes (r-TMs) caused by the redistribution of energetic ions (EIs) due to sawtooth collapses in neutral beam injection plasmas. The

m

/

n
=
2

/

1

(m and n are the poloidal and toroidal mode numbers) r-TMs with frequencies chirping down rapidly are found after strong bursts of fishbone modes and closely followed strong sawtooth collapses. The frequencies of fishbone modes and r-TMs chirp down from 10 to 7 kHz and 5 to 2 kHz rapidly, higher and lower than the 4–6 kHz existing weak resistive TMs. The fishbone modes propagate in ion diamagnetic drift directions in poloidal. In contrast, r-TMs propagate in the electron diamagnetic drift direction, though r-TMs are excited by EIs. It is suggested that counter-passing EIs, which originated from redistribution of EIs due to fishbone modes and combined with sawtooth collapses, excite r-TMs. Simulation results from the M3D-K code reveal that the counter-passing EIs play an important role in the excitation of r-TMs. The results can help broaden understanding of the interaction mechanisms between energetic particles and TMs, and open up a new perspective on the excitation mechanism of r-TMs.
On multiple solutions of the Grad–Shafranov equation
Authors: Ham C.J. , Farrell P.E. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The Grad–Shafranov equation (GSE) for axisymmetric MHD equilibria is a nonlinear, scalar PDE which in principle can have zero, one or more non-trivial solutions. The conditions for the existence of multiple solutions has been little explored in the literature so far. We develop a simple analytic model to calculate multiple solutions in the large aspect ratio limit. We compare the results to the recently developed deflated continuation method to find multiple solutions in a realistic geometry and right-hand side of the GSE using the finite element method. The analytic model is surprisingly accurate in calculating multiple solutions of the GSE for given boundary conditions and the two methods agree well in limiting cases. We examine the effect of plasma shaping and aspect ratio on the multiple solutions and show that shaping generally does not alter the number of solutions. We discuss implications for predictive modelling, equilibrium reconstruction, plasma stability and disruptions.
In-flight imaging of aerosol jet printer droplets to enable spatially resolved flow rate measurements
Authors: Meredith Anna , Beuting Matthias , Trujillo Mario , Sanders Scott , Andrews Joseph 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The effect of process drift in aerosol jet (AJ) printing has been a hindering factor in its large-scale adoption in printed electronics. In this study, we developed an in situ droplet imaging system using a double-pulse laser to quantify the distribution and velocity of sparse droplets between the AJ printer nozzle and the substrate. The droplet velocity and distribution were then used to evaluate a spatially resolved droplet flow rate that was capable of detecting and quantifying process drift over time. Using the droplet imaging system, the effect of different focus ratios was analyzed. The droplet flow rate was shown to be indicative of the deposited line morphology for low to moderate focus ratios. At a high focus ratio, the tool was able to identify non-idealities in the fluid properties which are explained in a detailed analysis. AJ printing demonstrates significant promise for the additive manufacturing of electronics, and this work represents a step toward non-invasive, in-flight monitoring in real time.
A geometry dependent directivity analysis of an optical structure based on NV center in diamond
Authors: Roy Subhankar , Momeen M Ummal 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
We present and investigate a highly directional diamond based optical nanostructure embedded with an elliptical solid immersion lens (e-SIL). An in depth analysis of the far field evolution is elucidated with respect to geometrical modification. This design is capable of producing a maximum directivity of ∼11 dB at its optimized position. Geometrical tolerance and directional behavior has been studied within a wide range of dipole variation. The incident light source noise is neutralized with the manipulation of e-SIL geometry by considering an experimental simulation environment. Enhancement in directivity near NV center zero phonon line (ZPL) region with reduced excitation light source noise can improve the overall efficiency of the NV single photon emitter and can be useful for multiple photonic applications.
Extreme in-plane thermal conductivity anisotropy in Rhenium-based dichalcogenides
Authors: Tahbaz Sina , Pisana Simone 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Anisotropies in thermal conductivity are important for thermal management in a variety of applications, but also provide insight on the physics of nanoscale heat transfer. As materials are discovered with more extreme transport properties, it is interesting to ask what the limits are for how dissimilar the thermal conductivity can be along different directions in a crystal. Here we report on the thermal properties of rhenium-based transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), specifically rhenium disulfide (ReS2) and rhenium diselenide (ReSe2), highlighting their extraordinary thermal conductivity anisotropy. Along the basal crystal plane of ReS2, a maximum of

169
±
11

W mK−1 is detected along the b-axis and a minimum of

53
±
4

W mK−1 perpendicular to it. For ReSe2, the maximum and minimum values of

116
±
3

W mK−1 and

27
±
1

W mK−1 are found to lie 60° and 150° away from the b-axis, along the polarization direction of some of the principal Raman modes. These measurements demonstrate a remarkable anisotropy of 3.2 × and 4.3 × in the conductivity within the crystal basal planes, respectively. The through-plane thermal conductivities, recorded at

0.66
±
0.01

W mK−1 for ReS2 and

2.31
±
0.01

W mK−1 for ReSe2, highlight the impact of their layered structures, contributing to notably high in-plane to through-plane thermal conductivity ratios of 256 × for ReS2 and 50 × for ReSe2. This research demonstrates the unique thermal properties that these comparatively underexplored TMDs have, shedding light on the need for further exploration into the intricate thermal behavior of such materials, while underscoring their potential significance for future applications in the fields of semiconductor devices and nanotechnology.
Pitfalls of machine learning models for protein–protein interaction networks
Authors: Lannelongue Loïc , Inouye Michael 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Motivation
Protein–protein interactions (PPIs) are essential to understanding biological pathways as well as their roles in development and disease. Computational tools, based on classic machine learning, have been successful at predicting PPIs in silico, but the lack of consistent and reliable frameworks for this task has led to network models that are difficult to compare and discrepancies between algorithms that remain unexplained.

Results
To better understand the underlying inference mechanisms that underpin these models, we designed an open-source framework for benchmarking that accounts for a range of biological and statistical pitfalls while facilitating reproducibility. We use it to shed light on the impact of network topology and how different algorithms deal with highly connected proteins. By studying functional genomics-based and sequence-based models on human PPIs, we show their complementarity as the former performs best on lone proteins while the latter specializes in interactions involving hubs. We also show that algorithm design has little impact on performance with functional genomic data. We replicate our results between both human and S. cerevisiae data and demonstrate that models using functional genomics are better suited to PPI prediction across species. With rapidly increasing amounts of sequence and functional genomics data, our study provides a principled foundation for future construction, comparison, and application of PPI networks.

Availability and implementation
The code and data are available on GitHub: https://github.com/Llannelongue/B4PPI.
Enzyme-mimetic catalyst architectures: the role of second coordination sphere in catalytic activity
Authors: Roy Bappaditya , Govindaraju Thimmaiah 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Enzymes with well-defined three-dimensional structure have in-built information for molecular organization in the near vicinity of the active sites—popularly known as enzyme architecture. Over the past few years, molecular assembly has been exploited in creating artificial enzyme or catalyst architectures. Emergent spatiotemporal structure and catalytic activity can be achieved through controlled assembly of suitable molecular building blocks. The programmed molecular assembly governed by the scheme of molecule architectonics can generate enzyme-mimetic catalyst assembly architecture. Apart from the conventional ligand-metal interaction in the first coordination sphere of a catalyst, a second coordination sphere plays a key role in the catalytic activity of enzymes. This review attempts to unravel the balancing act between molecular architectonics and second coordination spheres in catalyst assembly architecture development. Judicious design and exploitation of state-of-the-art biomimetic catalyst architecture derived from small molecules, sugars, nucleic acids, peptides, and proteins are discussed under the above-mentioned framework. Metal-coordinated molecular assembly architectures of specific catalytic properties are considered with respect to the nature of molecular assembly and experimental conditions. The concise and critical discussion provides a holistic view of enzyme-mimetic architectures and their second coordination spheres through a reductionistic approach based on the molecular architectonics of simple and modular molecular building blocks.
The effect of a dermoscopy training programme on diagnostic accuracy and management decisions regarding pigmented skin lesions: a comparison between dermal therapists and general practitioners
Authors: Barten Amber H J , Beyers Cornelis P , Vondenhoff Mark F R , Stergioulas Lampros , Kukutsch Nicole A 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background
Dermoscopy is known to increase the diagnostic accuracy of pigmented skin lesions (PSLs) when used by trained professionals. The effect of dermoscopy training on the diagnostic ability of dermal therapists (DTs) has not been studied so far.

Objectives
This study aimed to investigate whether DTs, in comparison with general practitioners (GPs), benefited from a training programme including dermoscopy, in both their ability to differentiate between different forms of PSL and to assign the correct therapeutic strategy.

Methods
In total, 24 DTs and 96 GPs attended a training programme on PSLs. Diagnostic skills as well as therapeutic strategy were assessed, prior to the training (pretest) and after the training (post-test) using clinical images alone, as well as after the addition of dermatoscopic images (integrated post-test). Bayesian hypothesis testing was used to determine statistical significance of differences between pretest, post-test and integrated post-test scores.

Results
Both the DTs and the GPs demonstrated benefit from the training: at the integrated post-test, the median proportion of correctly diagnosed PSLs was 73% (range 30–90) for GPs and 63% (range 27–80) for DTs. A statistically significant difference between pretest results and integrated test results was seen, with a Bayes factor &gt; 100. At 12 percentage points higher, the GPs outperformed DTs in the accuracy of detecting PSLs.

Conclusions
The study shows that a training programme focusing on PSLs while including dermoscopy positively impacts detection of PSLs by DTs and GPs. This training programme could form an integral part of the training of DTs in screening procedures, although additional research is needed.
Parallel cognitive maps for multiple knowledge structures in the hippocampal formation
Authors: Zheng Xiaochen Y , Hebart Martin N , Grill Filip , Dolan Raymond J , Doeller Christian F , Cools Roshan , Garvert Mona M 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The hippocampal-entorhinal system uses cognitive maps to represent spatial knowledge and other types of relational information. However, objects can often be characterized by different types of relations simultaneously. How does the hippocampal formation handle the embedding of stimuli in multiple relational structures that differ vastly in their mode and timescale of acquisition? Does the hippocampal formation integrate different stimulus dimensions into one conjunctive map or is each dimension represented in a parallel map? Here, we reanalyzed human functional magnetic resonance imaging data from Garvert et al. (2017) that had previously revealed a map in the hippocampal formation coding for a newly learnt transition structure. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging adaptation analysis, we found that the degree of representational similarity in the bilateral hippocampus also decreased as a function of the semantic distance between presented objects. Importantly, while both map-like structures localized to the hippocampal formation, the semantic map was located in more posterior regions of the hippocampal formation than the transition structure and thus anatomically distinct. This finding supports the idea that the hippocampal-entorhinal system forms parallel cognitive maps that reflect the embedding of objects in diverse relational structures.
Human Disease due to Mycobacterium bovis Linked to Free-Ranging Deer in Michigan
Authors: Sunstrum James , Power Laura E , Fligiel Helene M , Lauter Carl , Kawam Rayanah , Dado Christopher , Weatherhead Matthew , Denbesten Karen , Bott Jonathan , Cinti Sandro , Maxwell Daniel , Signs Kimberly , Stobierski Mary Grace , Cosgrove Melinda , Moriarty Megan , Vanderklok Michael , Meyerson Joshua , Thacker Tyler , Robbe-Austerman Suelee 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background
A unique enzootic focus of Mycobacterium bovis in free-ranging deer was identified in northern lower Michigan in 1994, with subsequent evidence of transmission to local cattle herds. Between 2002 and 2017, 3 Michigan deer hunters with M. bovis disease were previously reported. We present 4 additional human cases linked to the zoonotic focus in deer, utilizing genomic epidemiology to confirm close molecular associations among human, deer and cattle M. bovis isolates.

Methods
Identification of human tuberculosis (TB) cases with cultures of M. bovis was provided from the Michigan Department of Health and Human Services (MDHHS) tuberculosis database. Clinical review and interviews focused on risk factors for contact with wildlife and cattle. Whole genome sequences of human isolates were compared with a veterinary library of M. bovis strains to identify those linked to the enzootic focus.

Results
Three confirmed and 1 probable human case with M. bovis disease were identified between 2019 and 2022, including cutaneous disease, 2 severe pulmonary disease cases, and human-to-human transmission. The 3 human isolates had 0–3 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with M. bovis strains circulating in wild deer and domestic cattle in Michigan.

Conclusions
Spillover of enzootic M. bovis from deer to humans and cattle continues to occur in Michigan. Future studies should examine the routes of transmission and degree of risk to humans through expanded epidemiological surveys. A One Health approach linking human, veterinary and environmental health should address screening for TB infection, public education, and mitigation of transmission.
Territorial identity and left-behind places: evidence from the central Italian Apennines from a time perspective
Authors: Morettini Gabriele , Compagnucci Fabiano 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This paper aims to link the issue of left-behind places with spatial inequalities and demonstrate how, in these places, different territorial identities have contributed to responding to external shocks. By applying principal component and cluster analyses to a set of Italian mountain municipalities, we identified different typologies of these left-behind places as of the early 1950s and examined how they reacted to external shocks in two subsequent periods (1951–1981 and 1981–2011). The results suggest the changing importance of the cognitive, cultural and relational domains in coping with the different phases of Italian economic development.