bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Shelf life prediction of cacao powder using isothermic sorption approach
Authors: Hasbullah Rokhani , Mahdania Nadya Fazira Islah 
Published: December 2023

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menentukan model kurva sorpsi isotermis bubuk kakao dan menduga umur simpan bubuk kakao pada kemasan standing pouch aluminium foil dan kraft dengan pendekatan sorpsi isotermis. Penelitian ini diawali dengan pembuatan bubuk kakao, penentuan kadar air bubuk kakao pada berbagai kelembaban relatif (RH) penyimpanan dan pendugaan umur simpan bubuk kakao pada kemasan standing pouch aluminium foil dan kraft dengan pendekatan sorpsi isotermis . Bubuk kakao diperoleh dengan cara menggiling menggunakan mesin pembubuk kakao dan mengayaknya menggunakan ayakan Tyler dengan ukuran mesh 60. Kadar air kesetimbangan (KAK) bubuk kakao diperoleh dengan menyimpan bubuk kakao pada berbagai kelembaban relative (RH) menggunakan larutan garam jenuh MgCl2, K2CO3, NaNO2, NaCl dan KCl. Model sorpsi isotermis diperoleh dengan memplotkan KAK dengan nilai aktivitas air (aw) (RH/100). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa model Hasley merupakan model paling tepat untuk menggambarkan fenomena sorpsi isotermis bubuk kakao dengan nilai Mean Relative Determination (MRD) paling kecil yaitu 2.007. Umur simpan bubuk kakao yang simpan dengan kemasan standing pouch aluminium foil pada penyimpanan suhu 30 °C dan kelembaban relatif (RH) 75% dan 80% berturut-turut adalah 665 hari dan 514 hari. Sedangkan dengan kemasan standing pouch kraft selama 293 hari dan 227 hari.
Algorithmical determination of the equilibrium/stead position of a dynamic system by the finite-step method
Authors: Plaksiy Yuriy 
Published: December 2023

The problem of algorithmic estimation of the equilibrium/stationary state of the dynamic system based on the minimum number of measurements of the output quantity at equidistant time points is considered. For this, a finite-step method was used, which consists in the formation, according to certain rules, of the sums and differences of the values of the output quantity, which are located symmetrically on the time axis relative to a certain moment that can be determined a priori. As a result, overdetermined systems of linear equations are formed with respect to the introduced fictitious unknowns, and based on the necessary condition for the existence of a solution to these systems, formulas are found to determine the equilibrium/stationary position of the dynamic system. Algorithms for determining the equilibrium /stationary state for the following mathematical models of the output value are given: in the form of a constant component and a damped exponent, in the form of a constant component and a damped sinusoid, in the form of a constant component and two undamped sinusoids, in the form of a constant component and a damped sinusoid. It is shown that in the absence of measurement errors of the output value, the error in estimating the equilibrium/stationary state of the transient process depends only on the error in solving the system of linear equations. Ways of using the redundant number of measurements are discussed.
Keywords: equilibrium position, stationary state, dynamic system, mathematical model, finite-step method, numerical algorithm.
Orientation Quaternion Norm Correction in SINS Algorithms: Calculation Normalization Schemes and Their Efficiency
Authors: Plaksiy Yuriy 
Published: December 2023

The problem of correcting the norm of the computed orientation quaternion in the algorithms for the operation of strapdown inertial navigation systems is considered. Two existing approaches to the correction process are considered, the first approach is to normalize the rotation quaternion at the computation cycle, the second approach is to normalize the resulting quaternion. 5 well-known calculation schemes for norm correction are given. To simulate the test motion, we used an analytical quaternion kinematic rotation model based on a sequence of three rotations corresponding to the Krylov angles. The case of linear dependence of elementary rotation angles on time is considered. The model provides analytical representation of the projections of the angular velocity vector of the rigid body on the associated axes and the corresponding quasi-coordinates on the calculation cycle. The results of numerical simulation of the reference motion for a given set of frequencies are presented as dependences of the projections of the angular velocity vector of the rigid body on time and the constructed trajectories in the configuration space of the orientation parameters.
To determine the rotation quaternion on a cycle, the Miller algorithm was used, which makes it possible to obtain an increase in the orientation vector based on ideal information from the angular velocity sensors in the form of quasi-coordinates. The transformation into a rotation quaternion occurs with the help of the corresponding expansions of the trigonometric functions of the true rotation angle (modulus of the orientation vector) in a series.
Based on a numerical experiment, it is shown that the best result of correcting the norm of the calculated quaternion in the sense of the minimum error of the norm is given by one of the finite normalization schemes, for which there is no division operation and ensures the stability of the norm correction in time. The results of numerical simulation of the model rotational motion of a rigid body and the development of schemes for correcting the norm of the calculated orientation quaternion are presented.
Keywords: orientation quaternion, Miller's orientation algorithm, SINS, norm error, computational drift, analytical reference model, quasi-coordinates, numerical simulation.
Analysis of the state of the problem of improving the armor-piercing properties of personal protective equipment: a review study
Authors: Dobrotvorskiy Serhii , Trubin Dmytro , Basova Yevheniia , Aleksenko Borys , Dobrovolska Ludmila 
Published: December 2023

The object of the study is personal protective equipment such as body armour, and the subject of the work is the study of the processes of destruction of the integrity of personal protective equipment such as body armour in order to find ways to improve their strength characteristics. Protective body armour is a key element of protection for the military, law enforcement agencies and other professions involving risk to life. Modern materials and technologies make it possible to produce bulletproof vests of the highest level of protection, providing not only protection against bullets but also against other hazards such as explosions and shrapnel. However, the systems must have improved ballistic efficiency, be lightweight, flexible and comfortable for effective work. In general, the effectiveness of protective body armour is determined by various factors, including the construction technique of the vest, the type of materials and the finish of the protective panels.
This paper provides a detailed overview of the current state of the art in body armour panel design and various materials for the manufacture of protective plates. A detailed analysis of the different types of protective body armour and their categories is provided. Next, various methods of panel construction, their problems and possible solutions will be presented. Finally, various polymeric fibre and future possible advanced materials, including carbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphene CNTs and super thickened fluids (STFs), will be discussed for the development of enhanced protection panels.
Using methods of probability theory and mathematical statistics in project management
Authors: Nekrasova Mariіa 
Published: December 2023

The place of methods of probability theory and mathematical statistics in the system of general scientific methods of project management is shown. The composition of the main methods of probability theory and mathematical statistics, most in demand in project management, is briefly described. The role of the Monte Carlo method is also noted, because it is designed to take risk into account in the process of quantitative analysis of project characteristics and management decision-making. The possibilities of project management are shown, which provide the methods of probability theory and mathematical statistics in project management from the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBoK) methodology. It is shown that the methods of probability theory and mathematical statistics in project management from the PMBoK methodology are most needed in the implementation of the following groups of project management processes: a group of project planning processes, a group of project monitoring and management processes.
Keywords: methods, probability theory, mathematical statistics, project management
Analytical-numerical modeling of the process of solid body orientation in quaternions through a sequence of Euler angles for accurate analysis of orientation algorithms in SINS
Authors: Plaksiy Yuriy , Kuznyetsov Yuriy 
Published: December 2023

Two concepts for constructing analytical angular test motions of a rigid body for testing orientation algorithms when designing strapdown orientation systems are considered. The first concept is based on representing the orientation quaternion in a sequence of three Euler angles. The second concept is based on a formalized representation of the quaternion as a superposition of trigonometric functions of linear arguments and does not have a clear visual interpretation through the angles of elementary rotations. Analytical expressions for the model angular velocity can be obtained from the inverted kinematic equation in quaternions. The general case of linear Krylov and Euler angles is considered, as well as the case when one of the angles does not change over time. Analytical-numerical modeling of the angular motion of a rigid body and an assessment of the accuracy of the algorithm for determining the quaternion based on fourth- and fifth-order expansions with preliminary application of the Miller algorithm were carried out. For this purpose, the test movement model is supplemented by modeling ideal information from the outputs of angular velocity sensors in the form of quasi-coordinates using analytical formulas for the apparent rotation vector. It is shown that fifth-order formulas provide an improved estimate of the accumulated computational drift compared to fourth-order formulas.
Keywords: Euler angles, orientation vector, quaternion, reference model, test motion, quasi-coordinates, Miller orientation algorithm, numerical-analytical modeling, accumulated drift.
Tandem Reconstruction of the Femoral Diaphysis Using an Intercalary Prosthesis and a Fibular Free Flap
Authors: Shahzad Farooq , Christ Alexander B. , Kim Leslie , Levy Adam S. , Teven Chad M. , Fabbri Nicola , Nelson Jonas A. , Healey John H. 
Published: December 2023

Background:
Femoral diaphyseal reconstructions with metal prostheses have mediocre results because of high mechanical forces that result in eventual implant failure. Biological alternatives require prolonged restrictions on weight-bearing and have high rates of infection, nonunion, and fracture. A novel method of utilizing a vascularized fibula in combination with an intercalary prosthesis was developed to complement the immediate stability of the prosthesis with the long-term biological fixation of a vascularized fibular graft.

Methods:
A prospectively maintained database was retrospectively reviewed to identify patients who underwent reconstruction of an oncological intercalary femoral defect using an intercalary prosthesis and an inline fibular free flap (FFF). They were compared with patients who underwent femoral reconstruction using an intercalary allograft and an FFF.

Results:
Femoral reconstruction with an intercalary metal prosthesis and an FFF was performed in 8 patients, and reconstruction with an allograft and an FFF was performed in 16 patients. The mean follow-up was 5.3 years and 8.5 years, respectively (p = 0.02). In the bioprosthetic group, radiographic union of the fibula occurred in 7 (88%) of 8 patients, whereas in the allograft group, 13 (81%) of 16 patients had allograft union (p = 1.00) and all 16 patients had fibular union (p = 0.33). The mean time to fibular union in the bioprosthetic group was 9.0 months, whereas in the allograft group, the mean time to allograft union was 15.3 months (p = 0.03) and the mean time to fibular union was 12.5 months (p = 0.42). Unrestricted weight-bearing occurred at a mean of 3.7 months in the prosthesis group and 16.5 months in the allograft group (p < 0.01). Complications were observed in 2 (25%) of 8 patients in the prosthesis group and in 13 (81%) of 16 patients in the allograft group (p = 0.02). Neither chemotherapy nor radiation affected fibular or allograft union rates. Musculoskeletal Tumor Society scores did not differ significantly between the groups (mean, 26 versus 28; p = 0.10).

Conclusions:
Bioprosthetic intercalary femoral reconstruction with a metal prosthesis and an FFF resulted in earlier weight-bearing, a shorter time to union, fewer operations needed for union, and lower complication rates than reconstruction with an allograft and an FFF.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Accelerated Design of Sidetrack and Deepening Well Trajectories
Authors: Singh Umesh , Pathan Rizwan , Joshi Amol Dilip , Cavé Adrien , Fouchard Cédric , Baume Antonin 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Sidetrack and deepening wells play a pivotal role in enhancing oil and gas recovery while simultaneously reducing drilling costs, particularly in cluster well scenarios. These wells leverage existing wellbores effectively, resulting in substantial reductions in development expenses. Deepening wells maximize cost savings by utilizing the entire length of preexisting wellbores. These wells strategically access low-permeability layers, thin pay zones, wedge zones, and marginal reserves while also serving as rapid response solutions during emergencies to expedite risk mitigation in accidents. There is a pressing need for expedient, safer, and cost-effective well designs to achieve economic efficiency, which necessitates the development of advanced design methodologies. However, designing optimized 3D sidetrack and deepening well trajectories for oil and gas reservoir access while mitigating collision risks is a complex and time-consuming task that demands meticulous planning and exhaustive well path analysis, often involving multiple iterations to ensure cost-effective solutions meeting drillability and safety constraints. In this study, we develop an integrated framework for the accelerated design of sidetrack and deepening well trajectories, complemented by a trajectory optimization algorithm to generate safer and cost-effective well trajectories. The developed framework is rigorously tested in a live Nigerian oil and gas field. The case study involves the design of a sidetrack and a deepening well trajectory in a crowded brownfield consisting of 21 legacy wells. The results of the case study exhibit the significance of the established framework on streamlining the well design process, leading to expedited creation of efficient and safe sidetrack and deepening well trajectories.
clicSAND for OSeMOSYS: a user-friendly interface using open-source optimisation software for energy system modelling analysis.
Authors: Cannone Carla , Allington Lucy , de Wet Nicki , Shivakumar Abhishek , Goynes Philip , Valderrama Cesar , Kell Alex , Plazas-Niño Fernando , Mohanty Reema , Kapor Vedran , Wright Jarrad , Yeganyan Rudolf , Tan Naomi , To Long Seng , Harrison John , Howells Mark 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Energy models are crucial for helping governments and policymakers plan long-term investments in the energy transition context. One of the most established open-source optimisation models is OSeMOSYS—the Open-Source Energy Modelling System. This paper presents a new user interface—clicSAND—for OSeMOSYS, which shortens the learning curve and supports beginner energy modellers to perform long-term investment analyses efficiently. The freely available and open-source clicSAND software consists of a user-friendly Excel interface for entering data, integrated solvers, and a dashboard for visualising results. The results, which extend to 2070, can inform policy decisions and mobilise financial resources for sustainable development measures, for example, ensuring affordable and secure energy supply and mitigating the effects of climate change. This paper describes clicSAND's main benefits, architecture, and functionalities. A review of the evolution from clicSAND 1.0 to clicSAND 3.0 is also discussed. Furthermore, a South-African case study undertaken by participants of the international capacity-building event—the EMP-A (Energy Modelling Platform for Africa) 2021 shows the results achieved by inexperienced users following a three-week training course. Finally, current applications and future extensions of the software are also presented.
Pediatric Thoracoscopic Lung Resections: A Comprehensive Analysis of Congenital Lesion Cases
Authors: Musters Gijsbert D. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background: Congenital lung lesions in pediatric patients may be managed conservatively or by video assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS). This study aimed to determine the complications after VATS for congenital lung lesions in children.
Methods: All children undergoing a lung resection between January 2009 and June 2012 were retrospectively identified. Children undergoing a primary open lobectomy or a resection other than a congenital lung lesion were excluded. Both early (<30 days) and late postoperative pulmonary complications were determined. The primary endpoint was postoperative complications within 30 days.
Results: In total, 10 patients were included, with a median age of 15 months (IQR 11-65). A VATS lobectomy were performed in 6 patients (60%), an extralobar sequestration in 1 patient (10%), an wedge resection in 3 patient.. A conversion to open did not occurred. The median follow-up was 32 months (IQR 3-80) and all patients were alive. A postoperative complication (Clavien Dindo ≥3) occurred in 1 patients and complications without the need of intervention in 1 patients.
Conclusion:
This study constitutes a retrospective case description involving the initial 10 patients who underwent video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) resection.
Decentralised Water-Energy-Food (WEF) systems in Africa: Space analysis, least-cost modelling of sack farming and establishment of renewable energy technologies in the Diepsloot slums of Johannesburg, South Africa
Authors: Bhanye Johannes , Kloeffel Tobias , Beyers Miriam , Mabaso Mbali ,   Kartikeyan Rajadurai5 Rajadurai, Winklmaier Johannes , Matamanda Abraham 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

The African continent faces three distinct yet kindred problems: water, energy, and food security. Among the most vulnerable to water, energy, and food security are African cities’ poorest and most marginalised residents. Decentralised Water-Energy-Food (WEF) systems have been proposed to mitigate some of the damaging effects of climate change on energy, water, and food. While some scholars point out constraints related to decentralised WEF systems, working examples of novel decentralised WEF systems are cropping up globally. This paper demonstrates the potential of decentralised Energy-Water-Food systems in promoting access to food, water, and energy in informal settlements in Africa, focusing on Diepsloot slums of Johannesburg, South Africa. A mixed methods approach was adopted for the space analysis, least-cost modelling of sack farming, and establishment of renewable energy technologies in the Diepsloot slums of Johannesburg, South Africa. The methods include a review of literature, Geographic Information Systems (GIS), crop modelling with AquaCrop, financial analysis, and linear optimisation model urbs to identify the least-cost energy system design for the proposed community centre. Analysis of past rainfall, temperature, and climate trends; proposed water sources; spatial plant arrangements; proposed community centre; decentralised and renewable solutions; Phezulu ‘Up’ growers’ model; and a positive return on investment demonstrates the feasibility of the WEF model. Policymakers should promote decentralised Water-Energy-Food systems to enhance urban livelihoods and the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), in particular SDG 2 (zero hunger), SDG 6 (clean water and sanitation), and SDG 7 (affordable and clean energy), in marginalised African urban spaces.
Hexahedral mesh generation for configurations sharing the same topology with solid torus
Authors: Wang Yuan-guang , Sun Lixin 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

The generation of hexahedral meshes for complex configurations, which is related to many frontier problems in mathematics, has long been a challenge for scientists and engineers. To date, no sufficient mathematical theories have been developed to guarantee the existence of a hexahedral mesh for every arbitrarily complex configuration, necessitating a combination of mathematics and engineering to achieve this generation process. Considering that the curvature and other geometric features vary considerably across complex configurations, we approach the topic from new perspectives. Namely, we incorporate computational conformal geometry into the generation process: using this technique, geometry information is more logically classified, and geometries with large deformations are hence more easily accommodated. In practice, several major branches of computational conformal geometry have been applied in our method, ranging from the generation of closed isoparametric curves on a 2-D manifold and the generation of discrete minimal surfaces to surface registrations among these discrete minimal surfaces. Moreover, some traditional methods, such as butterfly topology, have also been applied in our methods. Consequently, a balance between high automation and good mesh quality is achievable within our framework. To test this approach, illustrative examples are presented in this paper. The experimental results show that our theory and algorithm are robust. The generated hexahedral meshes can be used as input for subsequent finite element analysis calculation.
Novel epiphytic root-fungus symbiosis in the Indo-Pacific seagrass Thalassodendron ciliatum
Authors: Vohník Martin , Josefiová Jiřina 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Symbioses with fungi are important and ubiquitous on dry land but underexplored in the sea. As yet only one seagrass has been shown to form a specific root-fungus symbiosis that resembles those occurring in terrestrial plants, namely the Mediterranean Posidonia oceanica (Alismatales: Posidoniaceae) forming a dark septate (DS) endophytic association with Posidoniomyces atricolor (Pleosporales: Aigialaceae). Using stereomicroscopy, light and scanning electron microscopy, and DNA cloning, here we describe a novel root-fungus symbiosis in the Indo-Pacific seagrass Thalassodendron ciliatum (Alismatales: Cymodoceaceae). Similarly to P. oceanica, the mycobiont of T. ciliatum occurs more frequently in thinner roots that engage in nutrient uptake from the seabed and forms extensive hyphal mantles composed of DS hyphae on the root surface. Contrary to P. oceanica, the mycobiont occurs on the roots with root hairs and does not penetrate its host intraradically. While the cloning revealed a relatively rich spectrum of fungi, they were mostly parasites or saprobes and the identity of the mycobiont remains unknown. Symbioses of seagrasses with fungi are probably more frequent than previously thought, but their functioning and significance are unknown. Melanin present in DS hyphae slows down their decomposition and so is true for the colonized roots. Root symbioses with DS fungi may in this way contribute to blue carbon sequestration in seagrass meadows.