bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The new neurokinin 1‐sensitive receptor mediates the facilitation by endogenous tachykinins of the NMDA‐evoked release of acetylcholine after suppression of dopaminergic transmission in the matrix of the rat striatum
Authors: Kemel Marie‐Louise , Pérez Sylvie , Beaujouan Jean‐Claude , Jabourian Maritza , Soubrié Philippe , Glowinski Jacques 
Published: September 2003

AbstractUsing an in vitro microsuperfusion procedure, the NMDA‐evoked release of [3H]ACh was studied after suppression of dopamine (DA) transmission (α‐methyl‐p‐tyrosine) in striatal compartments of the rat. The effects of tachykinin neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptor antagonists and the ability of appropriate agonists to counteract the antagonist responses were investigated to determine whether tachykinin NK1 classic, septide‐sensitive and/or new NK1‐sensitive receptors mediate these regulations. The NK1 antagonists, SR140333, SSR240600, GR205171 but not GR82334 and RP67580 (0.1 and 1 µm) markedly reduced the NMDA (1 mm + d‐serine 10 µm)‐evoked release of [3H]ACh only in the matrix. These responses unchanged by coapplication with NMDA of NK2 or NK3 agonists, [Lys5,MeLeu9,Nle10]NKA(4–10) or senktide, respectively, were completely counteracted by the selective NK1 agonist, [Pro9]substance P but also by neurokinin A and neuropeptide K (1 nm each). According to the rank order of potency of agonists for counteracting the antagonist responses ([Pro9]substance P, 0.013 nm > neurokinin A, 0.15 nm ≫ substance P(6–11) 7.7 nm = septide 8.7 nm), the new NK1‐sensitive receptors mediate the facilitation by endogenous tachykinins of the NMDA‐evoked release of ACh in the matrix, after suppression of DA transmission. Solely the NK1 antagonists having a high affinity for these receptors could be used as indirect anti‐cholinergic agents.
Induction of an interferon‐γ Stat3 response in nerve cells by pre‐treatment with gp130 cytokines
Authors: Kaur Navjot , Kim In‐Jung , Higgins Dennis , Halvorsen Stanley W. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractMany cytokines mediate their effects through Jak/STAT signaling pathways providing many opportunities for cross‐talk between different cytokines. We examined the interaction between two cytokine families, gp130‐related cytokines and interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ), which are coexpressed in the nervous system during acute trauma and pathological conditions. Typical nerve cells show an IFN‐γ response that is restricted to activating STAT1, with minor activation of STAT3. IFN‐γ elicited a pronounced STAT3 response in cells pre‐treated for 5–7 h with ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF), leukemia inhibitory factor or interleukin‐6. CNTF or interleukin‐6 induced an IFN‐γ STAT3 response in a variety of cells including SH‐SY5Y human neuroblastoma, HMN‐1 murine motor neuron hybrid cells, rat sympathetic neurons and human hepatoma HepG2 cells. The enhancement was measured as an increase in tyrosine phosphorylated STAT3, in STAT3‐DNA binding and in STAT‐luciferase reporter gene activity. The enhanced STAT3 response was not due to an increase in overall STAT3 levels but was dependent upon ongoing protein synthesis. The induction by CNTF was inhibited by the protein kinase C inhibitor, BIM, and the MAPK‐kinase inhibitor, U0126. Further, H‐35 hepatoma cells expressing gp130 receptor chimeras lacking either the SHP‐2 docking site or the Box 3 STAT binding sites failed to enhance the IFN‐γ STAT3 response. These results provide evidence for an interaction between gp130 and IFN‐γ cytokines that can significantly alter the final cellular response to IFN‐γ.
Activation of muscarinic cholinergic receptors enhances the volume‐sensitive efflux of myo‐inositol from SH‐SY5Y neuroblastoma cells
Authors: Loveday Danny , Heacock Anne M. , Fisher Stephen K. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractA mechanism used by cells to regulate their volume under hypo‐osmotic conditions is the release of organic osmolytes, one of which is myo‐inositol. The possibility that activation of phospholipase‐C‐linked receptors can regulate this process has been examined for SH‐SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. Incubation of cells with hypo‐osmolar buffers (160–250 mOsm) led to a biphasic release of inositol which persisted for up to 4 h and could be inhibited by inclusion of anion channel blockers – results which indicate the involvement of a volume‐sensitive organic anion channel. Inclusion of oxotremorine‐M, a muscarinic cholinergic agonist, resulted in a marked increase (80–100%) in inositol efflux under hypo‐osmotic, but not isotonic, conditions. This enhanced release, which was observed under all conditions of hypo‐osmolarity tested, could be prevented by inclusion of atropine. Incubation of the cells with either the calcium ionophore, ionomycin, or the phorbol ester, phorbol 12‐myristate 13‐acetate, partially mimicked the stimulatory effect of muscarinic receptor activation when added singly, and fully when added together. The ability of oxotremorine‐M to facilitate inositol release was inhibited by removal of extracellular calcium, depletion of intracellular calcium or down‐regulation of protein kinase C. These results indicate that activation of muscarinic cholinergic receptors can regulate osmolyte release in this cell line.
Presynaptic regulation of dopaminergic neurotransmission
Authors: Schmitz Yvonne , Benoit‐Marand Marianne , Gonon François , Sulzer David 
Published: September 2003

AbstractThe development of electrochemical recordings with small carbon‐fiber electrodes has significantly advanced the understanding of the regulation of catecholamine transmission in various brain areas. Recordings in vivo or in slice preparations monitor diffusion of catecholamine following stimulated synaptic release into the surrounding tissue. This synaptic ‘overflow’ is defined by the amount of release, by the activity of reuptake, and by the diffusion parameters in brain tissue. Such studies have elucidated the complex regulation of catecholamine release and uptake, and how psychostimulants and anti‐psychotic drugs interfere with it. Moreover, recordings with carbon‐fiber electrodes from cultured neurons have provided analysis of catecholamine release and its plasticity at the quantal level.
Evaluation of serologic screening of blood donors in India reveals a lack of correlation between anti‐HBc titer and PCR‐amplified HBV DNA
Authors: Chaudhuri Vaishali , Nanu Ambika , Panda Subrat Kumar , Chand Prem 
Published: September 2003

BACKGROUND:  Transfusion associated‐HBV (TAHBV) is estimated at approximately 1.5 percent in postsurgical recipients and 50 percent or more in multiple‐transfusion recipients in India. Not transfusing blood with high‐titer anti‐HBc, which reportedly correlates with the presence of HBV DNA, helped reduce TAHBV in Japan. This study tested anti‐HBc‐reactive donors for PCR‐amplified HBV DNA and its correlation with anti‐HBc titers.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS:  In total, 30,853 donors from Cohort 1 (24,694 in 2001) and Cohort 2 (6159 in 2000) were screened for anti‐HBc and anti‐HBs. Amplification of HBV DNA was performed on an unselected subset of 147 out of 3304 anti‐HBc‐only sera from Cohort 1 and 230 out of 6159 from Cohort 2. Correlation of anti‐HBc titers in DNA positive (n = 48), DNA negative (n = 40), anti‐HBs reactive (n = 44), and HBsAg reactive (n = 45) donors was by Fisher's exact test.RESULTS:  In Cohort 1, 2673 (10.82%) donors were reactive for anti‐HBc, of whom 1038 (4.20%) were anti‐HBc only. HBV DNA was detected in 40 out of 147 (27.21%) and 48 out of 230 (20.87%) donors with anti‐HBc only from the two cohorts. Anti‐HBc titers detected no significant difference between the first three groups.CONCLUSION:  Cryptic HBV infection was observed in approximately 25 percent of anti‐HBc‐only donors. No correlation was established between HBc titers and presence of HBV DNA.
Randomized placebo‐controlled study of oral calcium carbonate administration in plateletpheresis: I. Associations with donor symptoms
Authors: Bolan Charles D. , Wesley Robert A. , Yau Yu Ying , Cecco Stacey A. , Starling Judith , Oblitas Jaime M. , Rehak Nadja N. , Leitman Susan F. 
Published: September 2003

BACKGROUND:  The effect of oral calcium (Ca) supplements in preventing citrate‐induced symptoms during plateletpheresis was evaluated in a randomized, blinded, placebo‐controlled trial.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS:  Twenty‐three donors (12 men, 11 women) underwent four plateletpheresis procedures each, ingesting either 1 or 2 g of oral Ca carbonate or an equivalent placebo 30 minutes before donation. Ten of these subjects subsequently ingested 4 g of open‐label Ca before a fifth procedure. All procedures were conducted at the same citrate infusion rate (1.5 mg/kg/min) for 90 minutes.RESULTS:  Ingestion of 2 g of oral Ca resulted in a significant reduction in the severity of paresthesias and a significant, though modest, increase in serum ionized calcium (iCa), but no significant improvement in total symptom scores, compared to placebo. Minimal effects were seen with the 1‐g dose. The two factors most highly correlated with development of severe symptoms were decreased levels of iCa and ionized magnesium (iMg) at 30 minutes into apheresis. Lower preapheresis serum albumin, creatinine, vitamin D, iMg, and total Mg concentrations were also significantly associated with symptoms. Women experienced more frequent and severe symptoms than men, however, gender was not associated with symptoms after adjustment for lower serum albumin, creatinine, and Mg levels. Ingestion of 4 g of Ca offered no improvement in symptoms or iCa levels compared with the 2‐g dose.CONCLUSION:  Prophylactic oral Ca was associated with modest improvements in citrate‐induced symptoms and laboratory parameters. Baseline albumin and Mg levels were strongly predictive of the development of symptoms. In donors with a prior history of uncomfortable citrate‐related effects, a 2‐g oral Ca dose before apheresis is recommended.
Acute intravascular hemolysis after transfusion of a chimeric RBC unit
Authors: Pruss Axel , Heymann Guido A. , Hell Anette , Kalus Ulrich J. , Krausch Dietmar , Dörner Thomas , Kiesewetter Holger H. , Salama Abdulgabar 
Published: September 2003

BACKGROUND:  Natural blood cell chimerism rarely occurs in humans. The case of a patient who developed transfusion reaction due to the transfusion of chimeric RBCs is reported.CASE REPORT:  A 61‐year‐old male patient with blood group O received two units of packed and O‐grouped RBCs after elective kidney surgery. Immediately after blood transfusion, the patient developed a hemolytic transfusion attack. The serologic re‐examination revealed only a mixed‐field pattern of agglutination of RBCs in one of the two transfused units. The donor of this unit was an apparently healthy 24‐year‐old male with a twin sister. Both of them showed an identical mixture of roughly 95 percent group O and 5 percent group B RBCs by gel agglutination technology and flow cytometry. The results were also confirmed by ABO blood group genotyping.CONCLUSIONS:  This is the first report of a hemolytic transfusion reaction related to the transfusion of chimeric RBCs.
Absence of activation of CMV by blood transfusion to HIV‐infected, CMV‐seropositive patients
Authors: Drew W. Lawrence , Chou Sunwen , Mohr Beth A. , Assmann Susan F. , Miner Richard C. , Laycock Megan E. , Busch Michael P. ,   Viral Activation Transfusion Study Group
Published: September 2003

BACKGROUND:  The Viral Activation Transfusion Study (VATS) afforded an opportunity to determine whether blood transfusions, and in particular exogenous WBCs, “activate” CMV replication in HIV‐infected, CMV‐seropositive patients, and whether such patients can be superinfected by additional strains of CMV transmitted via blood transfusions.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS:  A total of 531 patients were randomized to receive either WBC‐reduced (WBCR) or non‐WBC‐reduced (NWBCR) RBC units. Plasma CMV PCR assays were performed before transfusion and weekly after transfusion for 4 weeks. NWBCR cases with evidence of possible reactivation and/or superinfection were further studied for donor viremia by DNA PCR of frozen retention segments and new genotype acquisition using gB envelope sequence analysis of pre‐ and posttransfusion recipient specimens.RESULTS:  VATS patients received a median of two RBC units during their initial transfusion. Whether positive or negative for CMV DNA at baseline, there were no significant treatment‐arm differences in the percentage of patients who had positive qualitative CMV PCR or increases in CMV viral load at follow‐up. Of 50 recipients randomized to NWBCR RBC and meeting criteria for possible CMV superinfection, 25 had sufficient CMV DNA load in a baseline and one or more viremic follow‐up sample to permit comparison of gB genotypes. Only two recipients showed genotype shifts. Of 125 WBC pellets prepared from the seropositive units transfused into these 50 cases, only 1 tested weakly PCR positive for CMV DNA (insufficient copy number for genotyping).CONCLUSION:  There was no evidence of “activation” of CMV by blood transfusion. Among the NWBCR RBC recipients, there was little evidence of possible transmission of new CMV strains. Hence, the current policy for transfusion support of HIV‐infected patients, which allows transfusion of CMV‐antibody‐positive blood to CMV‐seropositive patients, is appropriate.
Comparison of radioisotope methods and a nonradioisotope method to measure the RBC volume and RBC survival in the baboon
Authors: Valeri C. Robert , MacGregor Hollace , Giorgio Albert , Srey Rithy , Ragno Gina 
Published: September 2003

BACKGROUND:  RBC volume, 24‐hour posttransfusion survival, and life span can be measured with radio‐isotopes and nonradioactive procedures.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS:  RBC volume was measured directly with autologous baboon RBCs labeled with biotin‐X‐N‐hydroxysuccinimide (NHS), 51Cr, 99mTc, and 111In‐oxine and indirectly from the 125I plasma volume and the total body Hct. Twenty‐four‐hour posttransfusion survival and life span were measured in autologous fresh baboon RBCs labeled with 51Cr, 111In‐oxine, 99mTc, and biotin‐X‐NHS.RESULTS:  Significantly larger RBC volumes were observed when the fresh autologous RBCs were labeled with 51Cr, 111In‐oxine, or 99mTc than when they were labeled with the nonradioactive biotin‐X‐NHS. Twenty‐four‐hour posttransfusion survival values were signifi‐cantly lower in the RBCs labeled with 111In‐oxine or 99mTc than in the RBCs labeled with 51Cr.CONCLUSIONS:  The greater in vivo elution of 51Cr, 111In‐oxine, and 99mTc than that of biotin‐X‐NHS influenced the measurements of RBC volume, 24‐hour posttransfusion survival, and life span of the fresh baboon RBCs.
Severe neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia caused by antibodies to human platelet antigen 3a (Baka) detectable only in whole platelet assays
Authors: Harrison C.R. , Curtis B.R. , McFarland J.G. , Huff R.W. , Aster R.H. 
Published: September 2003

BACKGROUND:  Maternal antibodies that cause neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia are commonly identified by solid‐phase assays that detect the causative antibodies on the basis of their reactions with specific PLT glycoproteins. Two cases of severe neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia caused by maternal antibodies specific for human PLT antigen 3a (HPA‐3a [Baka]) that failed to give the expected reactions in some solid‐phase assays were recently encountered.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS:  PLT‐reactive antibodies were characterized by three different solid‐phase assays and by flow cytometry.RESULTS:  The two maternal antibodies gave negative reactions in the antigen capture ELISA, modified antigen capture ELISA, and MoAb immobilization of PLT antigens tests but reacted strongly in flow cytometry with intact PLTs that were HPA‐3a+. Other sera samples specific for HPA‐3a reacted equally well in all assays.CONCLUSIONS:  The two antibodies appear to recognize an epitope on the HPA‐3a+ form of glycoprotein IIb that is lost when PLTs are solubilized in detergent, as required for solid‐phase assays. The diagnosis was made in these cases because no HLA antibodies were present, allowing an HPA‐3a‐specific reaction to be identified with intact PLTs as targets. Such antibodies are likely to be overlooked when HLA antibodies are also present.
HIV antibody screening remains indispensable for ensuring viral safety of blood components despite NAT implementation
Authors: Laperche Syria , Morel Pascal , Deschaseaux Marie , Bouchardeau Françoise , Alimardani Gulie , Guillaume Nicolas , Rouger Philippe , Lefrère Jean‐Jacques 
Published: September 2003

BACKGROUND:  The main objective of the imple‐mentation of NAT for the screening of blood‐borne viruses was to compensate for the failure of serologic assays during the window period. Because this new screening procedure theoretically covers the entire period of infectivity, the necessity for maintaining serologic assays in blood screening strategy could become questionable.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS:  To investigate this issue, a panel of 35 samples has been studied by NAT. These samples had been collected from HIV‐1 antibody‐positive individuals presenting a persistently low viral RNA load (<400 copies/mL) in the absence of antiviral therapy. All samples were analyzed with the minipool (×8) NAT routinely used in blood bank setting (HIV‐1 and HCV assay based on transcription‐mediated amplification) and with single‐donation testing.RESULTS:  The minipool NAT failed to detect the presence of HIV RNA in 15 of the 35 samples (11 remained negative when retested). Single‐donation testing gave negative results in 4 samples (3 remained negative when retested). Fourteen of the 18 samples with a viral load greater than 50 copies per mL were positive by minipool NAT versus 6 of the 17 samples with fewer than 50 copies per mL (p = 0.02).CONCLUSION:  The results clearly demonstrate that anti‐HIV screening should not be withdrawn from biologic qualification procedures of blood donations, even when single NAT is performed.
Designing hardware for protein sequence analysis
Authors: Marongiu Alessandro , Palazzari Paolo , Rosato Vittorio 
Published: September 2003

Abstract
We present the architecture of PROSIDIS, a special purpose co-processor designed to search for the occurrence of substrings similar to a given ‘template string’ within a proteome. Actual tests show speed up figures ranging from 5 to 50 with respect to conventional general-purpose processors.
Availability: the PROSIDIS configuration file and the c code are available at http://www.enea.it/hpcn/php/rosato/
Disulfide by Design™: a computational method for the rational design of disulfide bonds in proteins
Authors: Dombkowski Alan A. 
Published: September 2003

Abstract
Summary: Disulfide by Design is a program for the design of novel disulfide bonds in proteins. Protein structure files in PDB format are analyzed to identify residue pairs that are likely to form a disulfide bond if the respective amino acids are mutated to cysteines. The output displays residue pairs having the appropriate geometric characteristics for disulfide formation and provides automated generation of modified PDB files including modeled disulfides. Validation demonstrates a high level of accuracy for the algorithm.
Availability: http://www.ehscenter.org/dbd/
Supplementary information: http://www.ehscenter.org/dbd/
CLICK and EXPANDER: a system for clustering and visualizing gene expression data
Authors: Sharan Roded , Maron-Katz Adi , Shamir Ron 
Published: September 2003

Abstract
Motivation: Microarrays have become a central tool in biological research. Their applications range from functional annotation to tissue classification and genetic network inference. A key step in the analysis of gene expression data is the identification of groups of genes that manifest similar expression patterns. This translates to the algorithmic problem of clustering genes based on their expression patterns.
Results: We present a novel clustering algorithm, called CLICK, and its applications to gene expression analysis. The algorithm utilizes graph-theoretic and statistical techniques to identify tight groups (kernels) of highly similar elements, which are likely to belong to the same true cluster. Several heuristic procedures are then used to expand the kernels into the full clusters. We report on the application of CLICK to a variety of gene expression data sets. In all those applications it outperformed extant algorithms according to several common figures of merit. We also point out that CLICK can be successfully used for the identification of common regulatory motifs in the upstream regions of co-regulated genes. Furthermore, we demonstrate how CLICK can be used to accurately classify tissue samples into disease types, based on their expression profiles. Finally, we present a new java-based graphical tool, called EXPANDER, for gene expression analysis and visualization, which incorporates CLICK and several other popular clustering algorithms.
Availability: http://www.cs.tau.ac.il/~rshamir/expander/expander.html
DDBASE2.0: updated domain database with improved identification of structural domains
Authors: Vinayagam A. , Shi J. , Pugalenthi G. , Meenakshi B. , Blundell T.L. , Sowdhamini R. 
Published: September 2003

Abstract
Motivation: Although many methods are available for the identification of structural domains from protein three-dimensional structures, accurate definition of protein domains and the curation of such data for a large number of proteins are often possible only after manual intervention. The availability of domain definitions for protein structural entries is useful for the sequence analysis of aligned domains, structure comparison, fold recognition procedures and understanding protein folding, domain stability and flexibility.
Results: We have improved our method of domain identification starting from the concept of clustering secondary structural elements, but with an intention of reducing the number of discontinuous segments in identified domains. The results of our modified and automatic approach have been compared with the domain definitions from other databases. On a test data set of 55 proteins, this method acquires high agreement (88%) in the number of domains with the crystallographers' definition and resources such as SCOP, CATH, DALI, 3Dee and PDP databases. This method also obtains 98% overlap score with the other resources in the definition of domain boundaries of the 55 proteins. We have examined the domain arrangements of 4592 non-redundant protein chains using the improved method to include 5409 domains leading to an update of the structural domain database.
Availability: The latest version of the domain database and online domain identification methods are available from http://www.ncbs.res.in/~faculty/mini/ddbase/ddbase.html
Supplementary information: http://www.ncbs.res.in/~faculty/mini/ddbase/supplementary/supplementary.html
Batch mode generation of residue-based diagrams of proteins
Authors: Campagne Fabien , Bettler Emmanuel , Vriend Gert , Weinstein Harel 
Published: September 2003

Abstract
Summary: Residue-based diagrams of proteins are graphical representations that can be used in protein information systems. These diagrams make it possible to visually integrate different types of biological information. The approach has been used successfully for membrane proteins. We developed the Residue-based diagram generator to (i) make it possible to generate residue-based diagrams of proteins in a batch mode that is compatible with the needs of information system curators, (ii) allow the generation of residue-based diagrams for families of soluble proteins or domains.
Availability: Licensed. Royalty free licenses are granted to non-profit institutions for educational and research purposes. http://icb.mssm.edu/crt/RbDg/index.xml