bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Strategies for green industrial and innovation policy–an analysis of policy alignment, misalignment, and realignment around dominant designs in the EV sector
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Authors: Narassimhan Easwaran , Myslikova Zdenka , Gallagher Kelly Sims 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Governments in industrialized as well as emerging economies are racing to implement policies to accelerate clean energy innovation and capture the economic benefits of decarbonization. This paper explores which combination of technology-push and demand-pull policies best situates a country to lead in clean energy innovation, as new or dominant designs emerge and replace older technologies. A new analytical framework for green industrial policy is introduced regarding the alignment, misalignment, and deliberate misalignment of policies. This framework is applied to battery electric vehicle drivetrain technology to examine the use of policy alignment and misalignment by countries with big automakers as they pursue strategic green industrial policy. We find that countries that achieved early and sustained (not inconsistent) policy alignment gained a first-mover advantage compared with countries that deliberately or accidentally misaligned their policies. We also find that first-mover advantage can be lost due to deliberate misalignment of policies caused by an inability of governments to effectively incentivize their firms to develop and deploy cleaner and more efficient technologies. In situations where governments adopt misaligned or conflicting policies, incumbent industries tend to pursue their prior comparative advantage and maximize return from investments in prior technologies. We also find that deliberate misalignment of policies can be an effective catching-up strategy.
Investigation on the machinability of Biochar reinforced AA5083 Metal Matrix composites fabricated by stir casting technique
Authors: Praveen K , Raja R , Jannet Sabitha , George Lijin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Over the past two decades, there has been a significant rise in the demand for Aluminum Metal Matrix Composites (AAMCs) due to their notable advantages such as lightweight properties, increased strength, and enhanced hardness. In this study, three distinct AAMC samples based on Al5083 alloy, each varying in reinforcement levels at 4%, 8%, and 12% by weight were used. These composites were produced through a stir-casting process. The biochar used in our research was obtained through a pyrolysis process, adding an environmentally friendly and sustainable aspect to the composite materials. In the machining aspect of the study, A systematic L27 Taguchi Design of Experiment approach was used to investigate the influence of input parameters, namely cutting speed, feed rate, depth of cut, and weight percentage of reinforcement material, on the machining process. Further regression models were developed to gain insights into the relationships between these parameters and the resulting surface roughness. Turning operations at a cutting speed of 1050 rpm, a feed rate of 60 mm, and a depth of cut of 0.75 mm were idle for superior surface roughness and to assess the impact of the reinforcement material on the machined surface.
Anti-cancer and neuroprotective effects of conjugated graphene quantum dot in brain tumor-bearing rat model
Authors: Patel Vimal , Shah Jigar 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Glioblastoma has been recognized as a most complex and highly malignant type of primary brain tumor. The rapid progression brain tumor model was developed by direct intracranial administration of ENU at the different focal brain points in the rat brains. The GQD was synthesized by bottom-up technique and functionalized with Trastuzumab and Caspase-8 antibody by Carbodiimide-amidation activation. The in-vitro cytotoxicity MTT assay was performed with all the GQD conjugates in SK-N-SH and N2a cell lines. The acute and chronic toxicity of synthesized GQD was performed in healthy rats and evaluated the hemolytic activity and CRP levels. A synthesized quasi-spherical 2D tiny GQD has a particle size of less than 10 nm and a 12.7% quantum yield. DSL, TEM, AFM, FTIR, and fluorescence spectroscopy characterized the GQD conjugates. In-silico molecular docking was a conformed static interaction between GQD and antibodies. GQD-conjugates showed dose-dependent toxicity in both cell lines and mild acute toxicity in rat blood. The GBM tumor-bearing rats were assessed for the anticancer and neuroprotective activity of the GQD conjugates. Histopathology, immunohistochemistry, metabolic, and inflammatory tumor biomarker estimation showed that the GQD_Caspase-8 conjugate showed better anti-tumor and neuroprotective effects than other conjugates.
A general-purpose organic gel computer that learns by itself
Authors: Sahoo Pathik , Singh Pushpendra , Saxena Komal , Ghosh Subrata , Singh R P , Benosman Ryad , Hill Jonathan P , Nakayama Tomonobu , Bandyopadhyay Anirban 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
To build energy minimized superstructures, self-assembling molecules explore astronomical options, colliding ∼109 molecules s−1. Thus far, no computer has used it fully to optimize choices and execute advanced computational theories only by synthesizing supramolecules. To realize it, first, we remotely re-wrote the problem in a language that supramolecular synthesis comprehends. Then, all-chemical neural network synthesizes one helical nanowire for one periodic event. These nanowires self-assemble into gel fibers mapping intricate relations between periodic events in any-data-type, the output is read instantly from optical hologram. Problem-wise, self-assembling layers or neural network depth is optimized to chemically simulate theories discovering invariants for learning. Subsequently, synthesis alone solves classification, feature learning problems instantly with single shot training. Reusable gel begins general-purpose computing that would chemically invent suitable models for problem-specific unsupervised learning. Irrespective of complexity, keeping fixed computing time and power, gel promises a toxic-hardware-free world.

One sentence summary: fractally coupled deep learning networks revisits Rosenblatt’s 1950s theorem on deep learning network.
Residential electricity demand on CAISO Flex Alert days: a case study of voluntary emergency demand response programs
Authors: Peplinski McKenna , Sanders Kelly T 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The California Independent System Operator (CAISO) utilizes a system-wide, voluntary demand response (DR) tool, called the Flex Alert program, designed to reduce energy usage during peak hours, particularly on hot summer afternoons when surges in electricity demand threaten to exceed available generation resources. However, the few analyses on the efficacy of CAISO Flex Alerts have produced inconsistent results and do not investigate how participation varies across sectors, regions, population demographics, or time. Evaluating the efficacy of DR tools is difficult as there is no ground truth in terms of what demand would have been in the absence of the DR event. Thus, we first define two metrics that to evaluate how responsive customers were to Flex Alerts, including the Flex Period Response, which estimates how much demand was shifted away from the Flex Alert period, and the Ramping Response, which estimates changes in demand during the first hour of the Flex Alert period. We then analyze the hourly load response of the residential sector, based on ∼200 000 unique homes, on 17 Flex Alert days during the period spanning 2015–2020 across the Southern California Edison (SCE) utility’s territory and compare it to total SCE load. We find that the Flex Period Response varied across Flex Alert days for both the residential (−18% to +3%) and total SCE load (−7% to +4%) and is more dependent on but less correlated with temperature for the residential load than total SCE load. We also find that responsiveness varied across subpopulations (e.g. high-income, high-demand customers are more responsive) and census tracts, implying that some households have more load flexibility during Flex Alerts than others. The variability in customer engagement suggests that customer participation in this type of program is not reliable, particularly on extreme heat days, highlighting a shortcoming in unincentivized, voluntary DR programs.
‘Neighborhood residents cannot afford homeownership’: the limitations of community development on Latino enclaves
Authors: Rojas Reinaldo 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The challenges of low-income neighborhoods and the different approaches to community economic development continue to dominate urban revitalization and poverty discussions. The ongoing, contested debate remains whether the nature of top-down business-oriented community economic development models serve the broader interests of the community residents or the narrow interests of its proponents and benefactors. This case study analyzes the impact of urban revitalization projects in Frog Hollow, an impoverished, but vibrant Latino enclave in Hartford, CT, and examines the limitations of top-down community economic revitalization and development strategies. The study also contributes to the community development literature by focusing on the Latino communities in the United States. This neighborhood underwent a highly publicized series of revitalization projects during the decade of the 2000s, which included business owners, community organizations, and local government in its development and implementation phases. This study focuses on three areas: identifying the history, goals, strategies, and tactics behind the community economic development model used in this urban revitalization project; examining the impact of the revitalization project on the socioeconomic conditions of the neighborhood and its residents; and determining how being an impoverished Puerto Rican/Latino enclave impacted the design, process, and implementation of the community development project.
Bioanalytical Method Development and Validation of Doxorubicin and Lapatinib in Rat Plasma Using UHPLC-HESI-LTQ-MS
Authors: Moinuddin Shaik Khaja , Srikanth Pirangi , Sharma Parul , Nandi Sukhendu 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Cancer is considered a silent killer. The complexity of cancer makes it earn that title. So far there are only a few approaches to treat cancer. Among them, chemotherapy is considered the best approach. Many chemotherapeutical compounds are commercially available in the market. Among them, doxorubicin (DOX) and lapatinib (LAP) are considered blockbuster molecules. However, DOX suffers from poor bioavailability and exhibits cardiotoxicity. Interestingly, a fixed dose combination of DOX and LAP significantly decreases the cardiotoxic effect of DOX. To enhance the oral bioavailability of DOX and to avail the synergistic effect of LAP, many formulations have been made. To quantify both compounds in any formulation or biological matrix, an Liquid chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS) method is required. In this present study, a simple and rapid Ultra High-Performance Liquid Chromatography - Heated Electron Spray Ionization - Mass Spectrometry (UHPLC-HESI-MS) bioanalytical method was developed. The developed method was validated as per the regulatory guidelines. The validated bioanalytical method had a lower limit of quantification of 0.75 ng. A simple protein precipitation technique was optimized to extract the compounds from the rat plasma. All the validation parameters were found to be within the limits as per the regulatory guidelines. A novel and rapid analytical method was successfully developed and validated. This developed method can be used to quantify the DOX and LAP in any formulation and biological matrix.
aSynPEP-DB: a database of biogenic peptides for inhibiting α-synuclein aggregation
Authors: Pintado-Grima Carlos , Bárcenas Oriol , Iglesias Valentín , Santos Jaime , Manglano-Artuñedo Zoe , Pallarès Irantzu , Burdukiewicz Michał , Ventura Salvador 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder, yet effective treatments able to stop or delay disease progression remain elusive. The aggregation of a presynaptic protein, α-synuclein (aSyn), is the primary neurological hallmark of PD and, thus, a promising target for therapeutic intervention. However, the lack of consensus on the molecular properties required to specifically bind the toxic species formed during aSyn aggregation has hindered the development of therapeutic molecules. Recently, we defined and experimentally validated a peptide architecture that demonstrated high affinity and selectivity in binding to aSyn toxic oligomers and fibrils, effectively preventing aSyn pathogenic aggregation. Human peptides with such properties may have neuroprotective activities and hold a huge therapeutic interest. Driven by this idea, here, we developed a discriminative algorithm for the screening of human endogenous neuropeptides, antimicrobial peptides and diet-derived bioactive peptides with the potential to inhibit aSyn aggregation. We identified over 100 unique biogenic peptide candidates and ensembled a comprehensive database (aSynPEP-DB) that collects their physicochemical features, source datasets and additional therapeutic-relevant information, including their sites of expression and associated pathways. Besides, we provide access to the discriminative algorithm to extend its application to the screening of artificial peptides or new peptide datasets. aSynPEP-DB is a unique repository of peptides with the potential to modulate aSyn aggregation, serving as a platform for the identification of previously unexplored therapeutic agents.
Database URL: https://asynpepdb.ppmclab.com/
Long-term circatidal rhythms of heart rate, gill ventilation, and locomotion in the American horseshoe crab, Limulus polyphemus Linnaeus, 1758 (Arthropoda: Chelicerata: Merostomata: Limulidae)
Authors: Anderson Rebecca L , Watson Winsor H , Chabot Christopher C 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
While several marine species exhibit biological rhythms of heart rate, gill ventilation, or locomotion, the relationship between these three measures in any species remains unexplored. The American horseshoe crab, Limulus polyphemusLinnaeus, 1758, expresses circalunidian locomotor rhythms and circadian eye sensitivity rhythms, but it is not clear if either heart and ventilation rates are controlled on a circadian, or circatidal basis or the nature of the relationship between these three measures. We aimed to determine the extent to which the heart and ventilation rates of L. polyphemus are coordinated with its endogenous rhythms of locomotion. We recorded rhythmic beating of the heart and movements of the gill plates in freely moving horseshoe crabs. Most individuals exhibited robust circatidal rhythms of locomotion, heart rate, and ventilation that were highly correlated with each other over three weeks of continuous recording. These results are the first showing long-term rhythms of all three measures in any marine species and suggest that heart rate and ventilation rhythms are coordinated in L. polyphemus, both with each other, and with locomotion, and thus are all modulated on a tidal basis.
LPS and type I and II interferons have opposing effects on epigenetic regulation of LAIR1 expression in mouse and human macrophages
Authors: Dorando Hannah K , Mutic Evan C , Li Joanna Y , Perrin Ezri P , Wurtz Mellisa K , Quinn Chaz C , Payton Jacqueline E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Inhibitory immune receptors are important for maintaining immune homeostasis. We identified epigenetic alterations in 2 members of this group, LAIR1 and LAIR2, in lymphoma patients with inflammatory tissue damage and susceptibility to infection. We predicted that the expression of LAIR genes is controlled by immune mediators acting on transcriptional regulatory elements. Using flow cytometry, quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction, and RNA sequencing, we measured LAIR1 and LAIR2 in human and murine immune cell subsets at baseline and posttreatment with immune mediators, including type I and II interferons, tumor necrosis factor α, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). We identified candidate regulatory elements using epigenome profiling and measured their regulatory activity using luciferase reporters. LAIR1 expression substantially increases during monocyte differentiation to macrophages in both species. In contrast, murine and human macrophages exhibited opposite changes in LAIR1 in response to immune stimuli: human LAIR1 increased with LPS while mouse LAIR1 increased with interferon γ. LAIR genes had distinct patterns of enhancer activity with variable responses to immune stimuli. To identify relevant transcription factors (TFs), we developed integrative bioinformatic techniques applied to TF chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing, RNA sequencing, and luciferase activity, revealing distinct sets of TFs for each LAIR gene. Most strikingly, LAIR1 TFs include nuclear factor kappa B factors RELA and RELB, while Lair1 and LAIR2 instead include STAT3 and/or STAT5. Regulation by nuclear factor kappa B factors may therefore explain the LPS-induced increase in LAIR1 expression, in contrast to Lair1 decrease. Our findings reveal new insights into transcriptional mechanisms that control distinct expression patterns of LAIR genes in response to inflammatory stimuli in human and murine myeloid and lymphoid cells.
93. Leveraging Stewardship to Promote Narrower-spectrum Antibiotic Use for Low-risk AmpC Enterobacterales
Authors: Hardy Megan E , Kenney Rachel M , Tibbetts Robert , Shallal Anita , Veve Michael 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background
AmpC β-lactamases are associated with development of ceftriaxone (CRO) resistance despite in vitro susceptibility, but the risk of AmpC derepression is not equal among Enterobacterales. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of an AmpC stewardship intervention on definitive treatment of low-risk Enterobacterales.

Methods
IRB approved, single pre-test, post-test quasi-experiment with a non-equivalent dependent variable at a 5-hospital system. An AmpC stewardship intervention was implemented 7/22 and included education, removal of microbiology comments indicating potential for CRO resistance on therapy, and modification of a blood PCR comment for Serratia marcescens to recommend CRO. Inclusion: adults ≥ 18 years pre- (7/21-12/21) and post-intervention (7/22-12/22) who received ≥ 72 hours of inpatient definitive therapy and had non-urine cultures growing S. marcescens, Providencia spp., Citrobacter koseri, C. amalonaticus, C. farmeri, or Morganella morganii. Exclusion: infection with CRO resistant organisms. Primary outcome: proportion of patients who received definitive CRO therapy. Secondary outcomes at 30 days: retreatment for the same organism, development of CRO-resistant organisms, or Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI).

Results
224 patients were included: 115 (51%) pre- and 109 (49%) post-intervention. Table 1 describes patient, infection, and treatment characteristics. There were 79 (35%) patients with concurrent bacteremia. Definitive CRO therapy was prescribed more frequently after intervention 6 (5%) vs 72 (66%), P&lt; 0.001. Median (IQR) total duration for pre- and post-groups (9 [7-17] vs 10 [7-18], P=0.46). After adjustment for intensive care, patients in the post-group were more likely to receive definitive CRO (adjOR, 35.4; 95%CI, 14.2-88.0) (Table 2). The proportion of patients who required retreatment was 18 (15%) and 11 (10%) for pre- and post-group patients (P=0.22). CRO resistance within 30 days occurred in 5 (4%) and 2 (2%) patients in the pre- and post-group (P=0.45).Table 1.Patient, infection, and treatment characteristicsTable 2.Variables associated with definitive CRO therapy

Conclusion
An antimicrobial stewardship intervention was associated with increased CRO prescribing and similar patient outcomes for low-risk AmpC Enterobacterales.

Disclosures
Michael Veve, PharmD, MPH, National Institutes of Health: Grant/Research Support|Paratek Pharmaceuticals: Grant/Research Support
977. Impact of Chlorhexidine (CHG) vaginal preparation compared to betadine on rates of Total abdominal Hysterectomy (TAH) Surgical Site Infections (SSI)
Authors: Neelakanta Anupama , Brown Jubilee , Handel Daniel , Fischer Kristin , Passaretti Catherine 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background
American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) and the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) both recommend vaginal cleaning prior to surgery as part of hysterectomy SSI prevention. However, there is no clear guidance on preference of agent. Povidone-iodine is FDA approved for vaginal prep, but 4% chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) is often used by surgeons as an acceptable alternative (off label) as there is some limited data to show improved bacterial counts with CHG.

Methods
In 2020, our healthcare system implemented a vaginal hysterectomy SSI bundle consisting of preoperative CHG bathing day of surgery, alcohol containing skin preparation, vaginal preparation with betadine, or CHG per surgeon preference and adherence to system guidelines on preoperative antibiotics. Additional bundle components for open procedures included use of a separate closing tray, re-gowning/re-gloving and re-draping prior to closing. The TAH Bundle was not mandatory but highly recommended. Compliance was monitored and feedback was given to key stakeholders monthly. In the third quarter 2022, the bundle was modified to make CHG the preferred agent for vaginal prep.
We performed a retrospective study of patients who underwent inpatient and outpatient TAH between 1/1/2020 to 12/31/2022 comparing rates of SSIs between patients who received CHG vs betadine for vaginal preparation.

Results
7327 TAH procedures were performed during the study period with rate of 1.24 TAH SSI per 100 procedures(Table 1). The rate of TAH SSI was 35% lower in the group receiving CHG vaginal prep compared to those who received betadine (IRR 0.65, p = 0.06). SSI rates and compliance with all components of the bundle varied by facility. The decrease associated with CHG vaginal prep compared to betadine was primarily in the group where all other bundle elements were followed (IRR 0.53, p=0.02) (Table 2).

Conclusion
In aggregate, use of CHG for vaginal prep was associated with a trend towards lower SSI. Use of CHG vaginal prep was associated with higher compliance with other bundle elements and facilities with higher compliance generally had lower SSI rates supporting bundle concept in SSI prevention. Limitations of this study include that individual patient level factors/case complexity, facility size were not taken into consideration.

Disclosures
All Authors: No reported disclosures