bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reflections on the Qaṭna Letters TT1–5 (II): Hittite God-Napping in Syria
Authors: Torrecilla Eduardo 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This article discusses and attempts to contextualize a few references to the practice of god-napping in the Qaṭna letters TT2–5 and in the Amarna letter EA 55. The references to god-napping in said letters enrich the debate on why the New Hittite Kingdom historiography, as opposed to the Old Hittite one, does not mention this practice, since the texts were probably written during or in the wake of Šuppiluliuma’s First Syrian War (ca. 1340). It is posited that the god-napping actions reflected in the texts concerning the fall of Qaṭna obeyed not only religious but also political and strategic motivations. God-napping was used whenever the New Hittite empire considered that it benefitted its strategic and cultic interests, even though it was no longer recorded by the Hittite historiography.
You Can’t Make an Omelette without Breaking an Egg. Surveying Submerged Paleo-terrains with a Mechanical Excavator
Authors: Fiedler Klara , Thomsen Mikkel H. , Pedersen Kirsti 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Preserved Stone Age sites and prehistoric landscapes under water can often be challenging to find and access for archaeologists. In consequence, the Viking Ship Museum has, within recent years, frequently used mechanical excavators in archaeological surveys to find and delineate Stone Age sites and prehistoric landscape features. In this article, the authors provide an overview of the introduction of mechanical excavators in maritime archaeology. The respective advantages and limitations of the method are then discussed in light of different scientific and practical considerations. Finally, as a case study, we present our proposed best practice for the method using the recent archaeological survey at the development-led project of Lynetteholmen, Copenhagen. The authors conclude that using mechanical excavators to survey paleo-landscapes is a very effective but potentially destructive method. Most importantly, the method provides access to sediment depths and areas that are inaccessible to divers alone.
Reconstructing the Underwater Topography in the Medieval Harbour of Oslo
Authors: Grue Marja-Liisa Petrelius , van Riel Sjoerd , Wammer Elling Utvik 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Many known factors are continuously affecting and changing the landscape. This can lead to challenges in interpreting archaeological remains found underwater, or in areas that used to be underwater, when their depth below the water surface at the time of deposition is unknown. This article is an attempt to investigate if it is possible to reconstruct how the underwater (submarine) landscape might have looked in Oslo in the Late Middle Ages based on data gathered in an archaeological excavation at site B8a. Calculating the known parameters that affect the underwater topography in Oslo – land uplift, sea level change, subsidence of the ground, and technical adjustment of mean sea level – resulted in a model. This model of the seabed around AD 1400 is based on up-to-date information and shows that it is possible to create a relevant framework for archaeological interpretation. Yet, there are challenges like the degree of inaccuracy of the data used, where our calculations end up with an uncertainty range of around ± 0.64 m.
Køge 2. A Clinker-built Shipwreck from the Medieval Harbour of Køge, Zealand, Denmark
Authors: Færch-Jensen Jeppe , Daly Aoife 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The development of a new cityscape in the old industrial harbour known as ‘Sønder Havn’ in Køge in eastern Zealand led in the summer of 2018 to the finding of a clinker-built shipwreck. The ship had been built in the 1520s, exclusively from oak, and had undergone a reinforcement in the stem some ten years after the initial building phase, hereby adding an extra outer layer of clinker planks and five riders on top of the floor timbers. The extensive dendrochronological analysis showed that the planks had been felled in the eastern Baltic area, while the floor timbers and the keel of the vessel were from somewhere in the vicinity of the Rhine’s mouth. Of the ship, only the parts below the waterline were preserved, partly due to the groundwater level but probably equally due to salvaging shortly after wrecking.
A New Rotating Axes Method for Processing High-Resolution Horizontal Velocity Measurements on EM-APEX floats
Authors: Hsu Je-Yuan 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
A new rotating axes method (RAM) is developed to improve the vertical resolution of the horizontal current velocity measurements u at EM-APEX floats. Unlike the traditional harmonic fitting method (HFM), which yields u averaged in 50-s intervals, RAM decodes and interprets 1-Hz measurements of horizontal seawater velocity , and averages in 12-s windows for removing wind waves with a typical peak frequency ∼ 0.12 Hz. Estimates of u from RAM agree with those from HFM but with a higher vertical resolution of ∼1.5 m, 4 times better than HFM. Note that extracting float signals due to seawater motion needs to assume slow-varying voltage offset ΔΦoffset. The typical variations of estimated ΔΦoffset do not affect the results of u significantly. Estimates of u are excluded when ΔΦoffset fluctuates strongly in time and scatter significantly. RAM is applied to float measurements taken near Mien-Hua Canyon, Taiwan. Composite vertical shear spectra Ψ computed using u from RAM exhibit a spectral slope of −1, as expected for the saturated internal waves in the vertical fine-scale range. The RAM provides EM-APEX float’s horizontal velocity measurements into fine vertical scales and will help improve our understanding of energy cascade from internal wave breaking and shear instability into turbulence mixing.
‘People don’t realise how much their past experiences affect them in adulthood’: A qualitative study of adult siblings’ experiences of growing-up with a sister/brother with a childhood life-limiting condition and their perceived support needs
Authors: Kirk Susan , Pryjmachuk Steven 
Published: February 2024

Background: There is a lack of research about the experiences and impact of having a sibling with a life-limiting condition. Studies focus on the sibling experience during childhood but the experience and impact during adulthood is unknown despite the increased life-expectancy of children with life-limiting conditions. Aim: To explore adult siblings’ perspectives on the experience of having a sister/brother with a childhood life-limiting condition and to identify their perceived needs and preferences for support. Design: A qualitative exploratory study design with data generated by semi-structured interviews and analysed using reflexive thematic analysis, underpinned by interpretivism. Setting/participants: Twenty-two siblings (17–42 years old) were recruited via a children’s hospice in England. Results: The experience of having a sibling with a life-limiting condition changes over time in response to how understandings of the meaning of a life-limiting condition develop and changing roles/relationships with parents and siblings. These experiences have an enduring impact on adult sibling’s mental health which is compounded by their unmet (and sometimes unrecognised) support needs in adolescence and adulthood. Siblings described the importance of support continuing into adulthood with a focus on the provision of psychotherapy and peer support. Conclusions: Having a sister/brother with a childhood life-limiting condition appeared to have a significant and ongoing impact on adult siblings but their support needs, particularly for psychotherapy and peer support, are overlooked. The findings highlight the importance of ensuring siblings are included in family assessments and that family-based interventions are developed to promote sibling-parent relationships.
Tranexamic Acid for Rotator Cuff Repair: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Hurley Eoghan T. , Rodriguez Kaitlyn , Karavan Mark P. , Levin Jay M. , Helmkamp Joshua , Anakwenze Oke , Alaia Michael J. , Klifto Christopher S. 
Published: February 2024

Background: Several randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have been conducted to assess the use of tranexamic acid (TXA) in the setting of arthroscopic rotator cuff repair (ARCR). However, these studies have shown mixed results, with some showing improved intraoperative visualization, subsequent operative times, and pain levels, and others finding no difference. Purpose: To perform a systematic review of the RCTs in the literature to evaluate the use of TXA on ARCR. Study Design: Meta-analysis; Level of evidence, 1. Methods: Two independent reviewers performed the literature search based on the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines, with a third author resolving any discrepancies. RCTs comparing TXA with a control in ARCR were included. Visualization, postoperative pain, operative time, pump pressures, and shoulder swelling were evaluated. A P value < .05 was deemed statistically significant. Results: Six RCTs with 450 patients were included in this review. Overall, 5 studies evaluated intraoperative visualization, with 3 studies finding a significant difference in favor of TXA. With TXA, patients had a lower mean postoperative visual analog scale (VAS) score of 3.3, and with the control, patients had a mean VAS score of 4.1, which was statistically significant ( P = .001). With TXA, the mean weighted operation time was 79.3 minutes, and with the control, the mean operation time was 88.8 minutes, which was statistically significant ( P = .001). No study found any difference in intraoperative pump pressures or swelling. Conclusion: TXA improved visualization, operative time, and subsequent postoperative pain levels in patients undergoing ARCR.
MRI Assessment of Tendon Graft After Lateral Ankle Ligament Reconstruction: Does Ligamentization Exist?
Authors: Cordier Guillaume , Boudahmane Sofiane , Ovigue Jordan , Michels Frederick , Araujo Nunes Gustavo , Dallaudiere Benjamin 
Published: February 2024

Background: No description exists in the literature about the normal evolution of tendon graft after a lateral ankle ligament (LAL) reconstruction. Purpose: To assess the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) characteristics and the evolution of the tendon graft during different moments in the follow-up after an endoscopic reconstruction of the LAL. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: This prospective study included 37 consecutive patients who underwent an endoscopic reconstruction of the LAL with an autograft using the gracilis tendon to treat chronic ankle instability (CAI) resistant to nonoperative treatment (CAI group) and 16 patients without ankle instability (control group). All patients in the CAI group underwent a postoperative assessment at 6, 12, and 24 months using the Karlsson score and MRI examination. Only patients with good and excellent results were included in the study. Graft assessment consisted of qualitative measurements and quantitative evaluations of the reconstructed anterior talofibular ligament (RATFL) and reconstructed calcaneofibular ligament (RCFL), including signal-to-noise quotient (SNQ) and contrast-to-noise quotient (CNQ) measurements in proton density–fat suppressed (PD-FS) and T1-weighted sequences. The analysis of variance test was used to compare the SNQ and the CNQ at different time points for each sequence. Results: The MRI signal at 6 months was increased compared with that of the control group. Next, a significant signal decrease from 6 to 24 months was noted on PD-FS and T1-weighted images. SNQ measurements on PD-FS weighted images for both the RATFL and the RCFL demonstrated a significantly higher signal ( P < .01 and P = .01, respectively) at 6 months compared with that of the control group. Subsequently, the signal decreased from 6 to 24 months. Similarly, CNQ measurements on PD-FS weighted images for both the RATFL and the RCFL demonstrated a significantly higher signal ( P < .01 and P < .01, respectively) at 6 months compared with that of the control group. Subsequently, the signal decreased from 6 to 24 months. Conclusion: The present study demonstrated an evolution of the MRI characteristics, suggesting a process of graft maturation toward ligamentization. This is important for clinical practice, as it suggests an evolution in graft properties and supports the possibility of creating a viable ligament.
Changes in Obesity Prevalence Among U.S. Adults After the COVID-19 Pandemic by State and Territorial Stay-at-Home Order Level and Sociodemographic Characteristics
Authors: Cho Beomyoung , Pan Yining , Chapman McKinley , Spaulding Aaron , Stallings-Smith Sericea 
Published: February 2024

Purpose To examine changes in obesity prevalence among US adults after the COVID-19 pandemic by level of stay-at-home order and sociodemographic characteristics. Design Quasi-experimental study using repeated cross-sectional data. Setting Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS). Sample Pooled data for US adults ages ≥26 years (n = 1,107,673) from BRFSS (2018-2021). Measures States/territories were classified into three levels of stay-at-home order: none, advisory/only for persons at risk, or mandatory for all. Individual-level sociodemographic characteristics were self-reported. Analysis The difference-in-differences method was conducted with weighted multiple logistic regression analysis to examine obesity (body mass index ≥30 kg/m2) prevalence by stay-at-home order level and sociodemographic characteristics before/after the COVID-19 pandemic (January 2018-February 2020 vs March 2020-February 2022). Results After adjusting for a secular trend and multiple covariates, adults in states/territories with mandatory stay-at-home orders experienced a larger increase in obesity prevalence (adjusted odds ratio: 1.05; 95% confidence interval: 1.01, 1.11) than adults in states/territories with no stay-at-home order. Younger adults (vs ≥65 years) and individuals with <high school education (vs ≥4-year college) experienced larger increases in obesity prevalence. Conclusion Increases in obesity prevalence were perpetuated 2 years after implementation of stay-at-home orders, indicating that longer-term health implications are co-occurring during the pandemic recovery period. Future research should focus on successful methods for staying active and healthy during social distancing and beyond.
Genetic Associations of Oral Clefts in Arabs
Authors: Alkharafi Lateefa , Alhasawi Saud , Burezq Hisham , Alduraie Alhanouf , Alhuwais Muneera , Aldoub Fatema , Alduwaisan Maryam , Aldoseri Sara , Hamdan Hala , Abdelhafez Nada , Mokhtar Ashraf , Alqatami Fawzi , Al-Serri Ahmad , Hartsfield James , Al-Bustan Suzanne 
Published: February 2024

Objective This study aims to investigate genetic association between Non-syndromic Cleft lip with or without palate (NCLP) and 14 specific Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNPs) reported to be associated with NCLP from previous Genome Wide Association Studies (GWAS). Design A prospective case-control study. Setting Ministry of Health (MOH) Cleft and Craniofacial Clinic and Kuwait University. Patients/Participants One hundred sixty-four NCLP patients were recruited from MOH Cleft and Craniofacial clinic, and 491 controls from the Kuwait DNA bank established at Kuwait University. Interventions Total gDNA was extracted from whole blood withdrawn from patients and genotyped by real time PCR. Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium was tested, and the set p value for significance (p < 0.05) was adjusted using the Benjamini - Hoochberg procedure to achieve 5% false discovery rate. Main Outcome Measures Logistic regression multivariate analysis was used to test statistically significant differences between cases and controls. Genotyping both groups for the variants was determined through the allele discrimination software program. Results There was statistically significant difference between cases and controls in relation to two SNPs; LOC102724968 (rs13041247) (MAF cases/control = C (0.28/0.39) OR Homozygous = 1.30; 95% CI = 1.09–1.56, p = 0.0041) and PVT1 (rs987525) (MAF cases/control = A (0.41/0.27) OR heterozygous = 1.48; 95% CI =1.12–1.95, p = 0.0073), increasing the susceptibility to NCLP. Conclusions Genetic variations are associated with the occurrence of oral clefts. Customized Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) panel to the Arab ethnicity is encouraged. In Addition, national preconception genetic carrier screening tests should expand to include common craniofacial anomalies.
Evaluation of short-term mortality in patients with Medicare undergoing endovascular interventions for chronic limb-threatening ischemia
Authors: Cleman Jacob , Romain Gaëlle , Callegari Santiago , Scierka Lindsey , Jacque Francky , Smolderen Kim G , Mena-Hurtado Carlos 
Published: February 2024

Introduction: Patients with chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI) have high mortality rates after revascularization. Risk stratification for short-term outcomes is challenging. We aimed to develop machine-learning models to rank predictive variables for 30-day and 90-day all-cause mortality after peripheral vascular intervention (PVI). Methods: Patients undergoing PVI for CLTI in the Medicare-linked Vascular Quality Initiative were included. Sixty-six preprocedural variables were included. Random survival forest (RSF) models were constructed for 30-day and 90-day all-cause mortality in the training sample and evaluated in the testing sample. Predictive variables were ranked based on the frequency that they caused branch splitting nearest the root node by importance-weighted relative importance plots. Model performance was assessed by the Brier score, continuous ranked probability score, out-of-bag error rate, and Harrell’s C-index. Results: A total of 10,114 patients were included. The crude mortality rate was 4.4% at 30 days and 10.6% at 90 days. RSF models commonly identified stage 5 chronic kidney disease (CKD), dementia, congestive heart failure (CHF), age, urgent procedures, and need for assisted care as the most predictive variables. For both models, eight of the top 10 variables were either medical comorbidities or functional status variables. Models showed good discrimination (C-statistic 0.72 and 0.73) and calibration (Brier score 0.03 and 0.10). Conclusion: RSF models for 30-day and 90-day all-cause mortality commonly identified CKD, dementia, CHF, need for assisted care at home, urgent procedures, and age as the most predictive variables as critical factors in CLTI. Results may help guide individualized risk-benefit treatment conversations regarding PVI.
Relationship between smoking and mental health in educational settings with high smoking rates: a cohort study among Danish youth
Authors: Kjeld Simone G. , Homberg Teresa , Andersen Susan 
Published: February 2024

Background: Smoking and poor mental health in youth represent important public health priorities. This study aimed to (i) compare tobacco-related behaviors and mental health in two educational settings with high smoking rates: vocational education and training (VET) schools and preparatory basic education (PBE) schools, and (ii) examine associations between smoking at school start and mental health 5 months later. Methods: Data were obtained from baseline ( N = 1843) and follow-up ( N = 1039) assessments conducted as part of a school-based trial in two rounds (baseline in August 2018 and August 2019). Students’ characteristics were presented by adjusted prevalences. Logistic regression analyses assessed associations between smoking and measures of mental health: school-related well-being, overall loneliness, and stress. Results: More PBE students than VET students reported daily smoking (40% vs. 27%), nicotine dependence, perceived benefits of smoking (e.g., stress reduction: 41% vs. 33%), low smoking-related self-efficacy (e.g., ability to resist smoking if offered by a friend: 20% vs. 32%), school-related loneliness, and low school connectedness (25% vs. 11%). Daily smokers at VET and PBE schools had lower odds of school-related loneliness (AOR = 0.51, 95% CI: 0.35–0.74) and higher odds of stress (AOR = 2.75, 95% CI: 2.00–3.80). Smoking was associated with better classmate relations in VET schools but not in PBE schools. Conclusions: Our study suggested that students in PBE schools constitute a more vulnerable group in terms of smoking and mental health compared with students in VET schools. Smoking seemed to prevent loneliness in school but was associated with heightened stress levels.
Assessment of Risk Factors and Rate of Conversion to Total Hip Arthroplasty Within 2 Years After Hip Arthroscopy Utilizing a Large Database of Commercially Insured Patients in the United States
Authors: Tiao Justin , Ranson William , Ren Renee , Wang Kevin C. , Rosenberg Ashley M. , Herrera Michael , Zubizarreta Nicole , Anthony Shawn G. 
Published: February 2024

Background: The conversion rate of hip arthroscopy (HA) to total hip arthroplasty (THA) has been reported to be as high as 10%. Despite identifying factors that increase the risk of conversion, current studies do not stratify patients by type of arthroscopic procedure. Purpose/Hypothesis: To analyze the rate and predictors of conversion to THA within 2 years after HA. It was hypothesized that osteoarthritis (OA) and increased patient age would negatively affect the survivorship of HA. Study Design: Cohort study; Evidence level, 3. Methods: The IBM MarketScan database was utilized to identify patients who underwent HA and converted to THA within 2 years at inpatient and outpatient facilities between 2013 and 2017. Patients were split into 3 procedure cohorts as follows: (1) femoroacetabular osteoplasty (FAO), which included treatment for femoroacetabular impingement; (2) isolated debridement; and (3) isolated labral repair. Cohort characteristics were compared using standardized differences. Conversion rates between the 3 cohorts were compared using chi-square tests. The relationship between age and conversion was assessed using linear regression. Predictors of conversion were analyzed using multivariable logistic regression. The median time to conversion was estimated using Kaplan-Meier tests. Results: A total of 5048 patients were identified, and the rates of conversion to THA were 12.86% for isolated debridement, 8.67% for isolated labral repair, and 6.76% for FAO (standardized difference, 0.138). The isolated labral repair cohort had the shortest median time to conversion (isolated labral repair, 10.88 months; isolated debridement, 10.98 months; and FAO, 11.9 months [ P = .034). For patients >50 years, isolated debridement had the highest rate of conversion at 18.8%. The conversion rate increased linearly with age. Factors that increased the odds of conversion to THA were OA, having an isolated debridement procedure, and older patient age ( P < .05). Conclusion: Older patients and those with preexisting OA of the hip were at a significantly increased risk of failing HA and requiring a total hip replacement within 2 years of the index procedure. Younger patients were at low risk of requiring a conversion procedure no matter which arthroscopic procedure was performed.