bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Blocking Angiogenesis and Tumorigenesis with GFA-116, a Synthetic Molecule that Inhibits Binding of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor to its Receptor
Authors: Sun Jiazhi , Blaskovich Michelle A. , Jain Rishi K. , Delarue Frederic , Paris Daniel , Brem Steven , Wotoczek-Obadia Marguerite , Lin Qing , Coppola Domenico , Choi Kihang , Mullan Michael , Hamilton Andrew D. , Sebti Saïd M. 
Published: September 2005

Abstract
A small synthetic library of cyclohexapeptidomimetic calixarenes was prepared to identify disrupters of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) binding to its receptor that inhibits angiogenesis. From this library, we discovered GFA-116, which potently inhibits 125I-VEGF binding to Flk-1 in Flk-1-overexpressing NIH 3T3 cells and human prostate tumor cells with an IC50 of 750 nm. This inhibition is highly selective for VEGF in that 125I- platelet-derived growth factor binding to its receptor is not affected. GFA-116 inhibits VEGF-stimulated Flk-1 tyrosine phosphorylation and subsequent activation of Erk1/2 mitogen-activated protein kinases. Furthermore, epidermal growth factor, platelet-derived growth factor, and fibroblast growth factor-dependent stimulation of Erk1/2 phosphorylation are not affected at concentrations as high as 10 μm. In vitro, GFA-116 inhibits angiogenesis as measured by inhibition of migration and formation of capillary-like structures by human endothelial cells as well as suppression of microvessel outgrowth in rat aortic rings and rat cornea angiogenesis. In vivo, GFA-116 (50 mpk/day) inhibits tumor growth and angiogenesis as measured by CD31 staining of A-549 human lung tumors in nude mice. Furthermore, GFA-116 is also effective at inhibiting tumor growth and metastasis to the lung of B16-F10 melanoma cells injected into immunocompetent mice. Taken together, these results demonstrate that a synthetic molecule capable of disrupting the binding of VEGF to its receptor selectively inhibits VEGF-dependent signaling and suppresses angiogenesis and tumorigenesis.
Combinatorial Screenings in Patients
Authors: Zurita Amado J. , Troncoso Patricia , Cardó-Vila Marina , Logothetis Christopher J. , Pasqualini Renata , Arap Wadih 
Published: September 2005

Abstract
Direct screening of combinatorial peptide libraries in patients may allow the identification of ligands that target biochemical differences in the endothelium of blood vessels. In a screening performed in a patient, we selected and isolated a mimic motif of interleukin 11 (IL-11) from prostate biopsies after an i.v. administration of a phage display peptide library. We also demonstrated that the IL-11 phage mimic (displaying the cyclic nonapeptide CGRRAGGSC) bound specifically to a corresponding IL-11 receptor (IL-11Rα). Here we show that IL-11Rα is a potential target for intervention in human prostate cancer through morphological and functional analyses. First, a comprehensive serial immunohistochemical analysis of primary and metastatic prostate cancer samples showed increased stage-specific expression of IL-11Rα during disease progression. Second, a proapoptotic peptide was specifically targeted and internalized through this functional IL-11Rα-based ligand-receptor pair: treatment of prostate cancer cells in vitro with a proapoptotic peptide guided by the CGRRAGGSC peptide to the IL-11Rα resulted in dose-dependent apoptosis. Together, these data indicate that the IL-11Rα is a candidate target for translational clinical trials against advanced and metastatic prostate cancer. Moreover, our results illustrate the ability of direct combinatorial screening systems in cancer patients for identification of relevant targets in the context of human disease.
Are
ATM
Mutations 7271T→G and IVS10-6T→G Really High-Risk Breast Cancer-Susceptibility Alleles?
Authors: Szabo Csilla I. , Schutte Mieke , Broeks Annegien , Houwing-Duistermaat Jeanine J. , Thorstenson Yvonne R. , Durocher Francine , Oldenburg Rogier A. , Wasielewski Marijke , Odefrey Fabrice , Thompson Deborah , Floore Arno N. , Kraan Jaennelle , Klijn Jan G. M. , van den Ouweland Ans M. W. ,   the BRCA-X Consortium,   Cooperative Family Registry Breast Cancer Study,   Interdisciplinary Health Research International Team on Breast Cancer Susceptibility, Wagner Teresa M. U. , Devilee Peter , Simard Jacques , van ‘t Veer Laura J. , Goldgar David E. , Meijers-Heijboer Hanne 
Published: September 2005

Abstract
Two mutations of the ATM gene were recently suggested to confer breast cancer risks similar to mutations of BRCA1 or BRCA2. Here, we set out to confirm these findings in 961 families with non-BRCA1/BRCA2 breast cancer from diverse geographical regions. We did not detect the ATM 7271T→G mutation in any family. The ATM IVS10–6T→G mutation was detected in eight families, which was similar to its frequency among population-matched control individuals (pooled Mantel-Haenszel odds ratio = 1.60; 95% confidence interval = 0.48 to 5.35; P = 0.44). Bayesian analysis of linkage in the ATM IVS10–6T→G-positive families showed an overall posterior probability of causality for this mutation of 0.008. We conclude that the ATM IVS10–6T→G mutation does not confer a significantly elevated breast cancer risk and that ATM 7271T→G is a rare event in familial breast cancer.
Hypoxia Targeted Gene Therapy to Increase the Efficacy of Tirapazamine as an Adjuvant to Radiotherapy
Authors: Cowen Rachel L. , Williams Kaye J. , Chinje Edwin C. , Jaffar Mohammed , Sheppard Freda C. D. , Telfer Brian A. , Wind Natasha S. , Stratford Ian J. 
Published: September 2005

Abstract
Solid tumors are characterized by regions of hypoxia that are inherently resistant to both radiotherapy and some chemotherapy. To target this resistant population, bioreductive drugs that are preferentially toxic to tumor cells in a hypoxic environment are being evaluated in clinical trials; the lead compound, tirapazamine (TPZ), is being used in combination with cisplatin and/or with radiotherapy. Crucially, tumor response to TPZ is also dependent on the cellular complement of reductases. In particular, NADPH:cytochrome P450 reductase (P450R) plays a major role in the metabolic activation of TPZ. In a gene-directed enzyme prodrug therapy (GDEPT) approach using adenoviral delivery, we have overexpressed human P450R specifically within hypoxic cells in tumors, with the aim of harnessing hypoxia as a trigger for both enzyme expression and drug metabolism. The adenovirus used incorporates the hypoxia-responsive element (HRE) from the lactate dehydrogenase gene in a minimal SV40 promoter context upstream of the cDNA for P450R. In a human tumor model in which TPZ alone does not potentiate radiotherapeutic outcome (HT1080 fibrosarcoma), we witnessed complete tumor regression when tumors were virally transduced before treatment.
Short-Term Human Prostate Primary Xenografts
Authors: Gray Danny R. , Huss Wendy J. , Yau Jeffrey M. , Durham Lori E. , Werdin Eric S. , Funkhouser William K. , Smith Gary J. 
Published: September 2005

Abstract
Transgenic spontaneously occurring and transplantable xenograft models of adenocarcinoma of the prostate (CaP) are established tools for the study of CaP progression and metastasis. However, no animal model of CaP has been characterized that recapitulates the response of the human prostate vascular compartment to the evolving tumor microenvironment during CaP progression. We report that primary xenografts of human CaP and of noninvolved areas of the human prostate peripheral zone transplanted to athymic nude mice provide a unique model of human angiogenesis occurring in an intact human prostate tissue microenvironment. Angiogenesis in human kidney primary xenografts established from human renal cell carcinoma and noninvolved kidney tissue, a highly vascular organ and cancer, was compared with angiogenesis in xenografts from the relatively less vascularized prostate. Immunohistochemical identification of the human versus mouse host origin of the endothelial cells and of human endothelial cell proliferation in the human prostate and human kidney xenografts demonstrated that: (a) the majority of the vessels in primary xenografts of benign and malignant tissue of both organs were lined with human endothelial cells through the 30-day study period; (b) the mean vessel density was increased in both the CaP and benign prostate xenografts relative to the initial tissue, whereas there was no significant difference in mean vessel density in the renal cell carcinoma and benign kidney xenografts compared with the initial tissue; and (c) the number of vessels with proliferating endothelial cells in primary xenografts of CaP and benign prostate increased compared with their respective initial tissue specimens, whereas the number of vessels with proliferating endothelial cells decreased in the benign kidney xenografts. Short-term primary human prostate xenografts, therefore, represent a valuable in vivo model for the study of human angiogenesis within a human tissue microenvironment and for comparison of angiogenesis in CaP versus benign prostate.
Involvement of Interferon Regulatory Factor 1 and S100C/A11 in Growth Inhibition by Transforming Growth Factor β1 in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells
Authors: Miyazaki Masahiro , Sakaguchi Masakiyo , Akiyama Ichiro , Sakaguchi Yoshihiko , Nagamori Seishi , Huh Nam-ho 
Published: September 2005

Abstract
Growth inhibition by transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 has been attributed to the induction of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors, among which p21/Waf1 plays a major role in many biological contexts. In the present study, two new intracellular mediators for the induction of p21/Waf1 by TGF-β1 were identified in a human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line (JHH-5) expressing mutant-type p53. After addition of TGF-β1 to JHH-5 cells, a marked increase of the p21/Waf1 expression preceded the inhibition of DNA synthesis. Expression of IFN regulatory factor (IRF)-1, a known transacting factor for p21/Waf1 promoter, was elevated just before or in parallel with the increase of p21/Waf1. Transduction of antisense IRF-1 inhibited the increase in p21/Waf1 in JHH-5 cells treated with TGF-β1 and partially released the cells from the growth arrest by TGF-β1. Expression of S100C/A11, a member of the Ca2+-binding S100 protein family, also markedly increased after addition of TGF-β1. S100C/A11 protein was translocated to and accumulated in nuclei of TGF-β1-treated JHH-5 cells, where p21/Waf1 was concomitantly accumulated. When a recombinant S100C/A11 protein was introduced into nuclei of JHH-5 cells, DNA synthesis was markedly inhibited in a dose-dependent manner in the absence of TGF-β1. Prior transfection of p21/Waf1-targeted small interfering RNA efficiently blocked decrease of DNA synthesis in JHH-5 cells caused by TAT-S100C/A11 or TGF-β1 and markedly inhibited expression of p21/Waf1 protein in the cells. These results indicate that IRF-1 and S100C/A11 mediate growth inhibition by TGF-β1 via induction of p21/Waf1.
Activation of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor δ Stimulates the Proliferation of Human Breast and Prostate Cancer Cell Lines
Authors: Stephen Ruth L. , Gustafsson Mattias C. U. , Jarvis Morag , Tatoud Roger , Marshall Barry R. , Knight Deborah , Ehrenborg Ewa , Harris Adrian L. , Wolf C. Roland , Palmer Colin N. A. 
Published: September 2005

Abstract
The nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor δ [PPARδ/β (NR1C2)] has been implicated in colorectal carcinogenesis by various molecular genetic observations. These observations have recently been supported by studies of activation of PPARδ by pharmacological agents. Here we present the first report of the stimulation of breast and prostate cancer cell growth using PPARδ selective agonists. Activation of PPARδ with compound F stimulated proliferation in breast (T47D, MCF7) and prostate (LNCaP, PNT1A) cell lines, which are responsive to sex hormones. Conversely, we have found that several steroid-independent cell lines, including colon lines, were unresponsive to compound F. These findings were confirmed with an additional high-affinity PPARδ agonist, GW501516. Conditional expression of PPARδ in MCF7 Tet-On cells resulted in a doxycycline-enhanced response to GW501516, thus providing direct genetic evidence for the role of PPARδ in the proliferative response to this drug. Activation of PPARδ in T47D cells resulted in increased expression of the proliferation marker Cdk2 and also vascular endothelial growth factor α (VEGFα) and its receptor, FLT-1, thus, suggesting that PPARδ may initiate an autocrine loop for cellular proliferation and possibly angiogenesis. Consistent with this hypothesis, we demonstrated a pro-proliferative effect of GW501516 on human umbilical vein endothelial cell cultures and found that GW501516 also regulated the expression of VEGFα and FLT-1 in these cells. Our observations provide the first evidence that activation of PPARδ can result in increased growth in breast and prostate cancer cell lines and primary endothelial cells and supports the possibility that PPARδ antagonists may be of therapeutic value in the treatment of breast and prostate cancer.
Host Gene Induction and Transcriptional Reprogramming in Kaposi’s Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus (KSHV/HHV-8)-Infected Endothelial, Fibroblast, and B Cells
Authors: Naranatt Pramod P. , Krishnan Harinivas H. , Svojanovsky Stan R. , Bloomer Clark , Mathur Sachin , Chandran Bala 
Published: September 2005

Abstract
Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV/HHV-8) is etiologically linked to the endothelial tumor Kaposi’s sarcoma and with two lymphoproliferatve disorders, primary effusion lymphoma and multicentric Castleman’s disease. HHV-8 infects a variety of target cells both in vivo and in vitro, binds to the in vitro target cells via cell surface heparan sulfate, and uses the α3β1 integrin as one of the entry receptors. Within minutes of infection, HHV-8 induced the integrin-mediated signaling pathways and morphological changes in the target cells (S. M. Akula et al., Cell, 108: 407–419, 2002; P. P. Naranatt et al., J. Virol., 77: 1524–1539, 2003). As an initial step toward understanding the role of host genes in HHV-8 infection and pathogenesis, modulation of host cell gene expression immediately after infection was examined. To reflect HHV-8’s broad cellular tropism, mRNAs collected at 2 and 4 h after infection of primary human endothelial [human adult dermal microvascular endothelial cells (HMVECd)] and foreskin fibroblast [human foreskin fibroblast (HFF)] cells and human B cell line (BJAB) were analyzed by oligonucleotide array with ∼22,000 human transcripts. With a criteria of &gt;2-fold gene induction as significant, ∼1.72% of the genes were differentially expressed, of which, 154 genes were shared by at least two cells and 33 genes shared by all three cells. HHV-8-induced transcriptional profiles in the endothelial and fibroblast cells were closely similar, with substantial differences in the B cells. In contrast to the antiapoptotic regulators induced in HMVECd and HFF cells, proapoptotic regulators were induced in the B cells. A robust increase in the expression of IFN-induced genes suggestive of innate immune response induction was observed in HMVECd and HFF cells, whereas there was a total lack of immunity related protein inductions in B cells. These striking cell type-specific behaviors suggest that HHV-8-induced host cell gene modulation events in B cells may be different compared with the adherent endothelial and fibroblast target cells. Functional clustering of modulated genes identified several host molecules hitherto unknown to HHV-8 infection. These results indicate that early during infection, HHV-8 reprograms the host transcriptional machinery regulating a variety of cellular processes including apoptosis, transcription, cell cycle regulation, signaling, inflammatory response, and angiogenesis, all of which may play important roles in the biology and pathogenesis of HHV-8.
Mcl-1 Mediates Tumor Necrosis Factor-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand Resistance in Human Cholangiocarcinoma Cells
Authors: Taniai Makiko , Grambihler Annette , Higuchi Hajime , Werneburg Nate , Bronk Steve F. , Farrugia Daniel J. , Kaufmann Scott H. , Gores Gregory J. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractCholangiocarcinomas are usually fatal neoplasms originating from bile duct epithelia. Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a promising agent for cancer therapy, including cholangiocarcinoma. However, many cholangiocarcinoma cells are resistant to TRAIL-mediated apoptosis. Thus, our aim was to examine the intracellular mechanisms responsible for TRAIL resistance in human cholangiocarcinoma cell lines. Three TRAIL-resistant human cholangiocarcinoma cell lines were identified. All of the cell lines expressed TRAIL receptor 1/death receptor 4 (TRAIL-R1/DR4) and TRAIL-R2/DR5. Expression of TRAIL decoy receptors and the antiapoptotic cellular FLICE-inhibitory protein (cFLIP) was inconsistent across the cell lines. Of the antiapoptotic Bcl-2 family of proteins profiled (Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, and Mcl-1), Mcl-1 was uniquely overexpressed by the cell lines. When small-interfering-RNA (siRNA) technology was used to knock down expression of Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, and Mcl-1, only the Mcl-1-siRNA sensitized the cells to TRAIL-mediated apoptosis. In a cell line stably transfected with Mcl-1-small-hairpin-RNA (Mcl-1-shRNA), Mcl-1 depletion sensitized cells to TRAIL-mediated apoptosis despite Bcl-2 expression. TRAIL-mediated apoptosis in the stably transfected cells was associated with mitochondrial depolarization, Bax activation, cytochrome c release from mitochondria, and caspase activation. Finally, flavopiridol, an anticancer drug that rapidly down-regulates Mcl-1, also sensitized cells to TRAIL cytotoxicity. In conclusion, these studies not only demonstrate that Mcl-1 mediates TRAIL resistance in cholangiocarcinoma cells by blocking the mitochondrial pathway of cell death but also identify two strategies for circumventing this resistance.
Generation and Targeting of Human Tumor-Specific Tc1 and Th1 Cells Transduced with a Lentivirus Containing a Chimeric Immunoglobulin T-Cell Receptor
Authors: Gyobu Hiroshi , Tsuji Takemasa , Suzuki Yoshinori , Ohkuri Takayuki , Chamoto Kenji , Kuroki Masahide , Miyoshi Hiroyuki , Kawarada You , Katoh Hiroyuki , Takeshima Tsuguhide , Nishimura Takashi 
Published: September 2005

AbstractCD4+ Th cells, in particular IFN-γ-producing Th1 cells, play a critical role in the activation and maintenance of Tc1 cells that are essential for tumor eradication. Here, we report the generation of artificial tumor-specific Th1 and Tc1 cells from nonspecifically activated T cells using a lentiviral transduction system. Anti-CD3-activated T cells from healthy human donors were transduced with a lentivirus containing a chimeric immunoglobulin T-cell receptor gene composed of single-chain variable fragments derived from an anticarcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)-specific monoclonal antibody fused to an intracellular signaling domain derived from the cytoplasmic portions of membrane-bound CD28 and CD3ζ. These artificial tumor-specific Tc1 and Th1 cells, termed Tc1- and Th1-T bodies, respectively, could be targeted to CEA+ tumor cells independently of MHC restriction. Specifically, Tc1-T bodies demonstrated high cytotoxicity and produced IFN-γ in response to CEA+ tumor cell lines but not CEA− tumors. Although Th1-T bodies exhibited low cytotoxicity, they secreted high levels of IFN-γ and interleukin-2 in response to CEA+ tumor cells. Such CEA+ tumor-specific activation was not observed in mock gene-transduced nonspecific Tc1 and Th1 cells. Moreover, Tc1- and Th1-T bodies exhibited strong antitumor activities against CEA+ human lung cancer cells implanted into RAG2−/− mice. Furthermore, combined therapy with Tc1- and Th1-T bodies resulted in enhanced antitumor activities in vivo. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that Tc1- and Th1-T bodies represent a promising alternative to current methods for the development of effective adoptive immunotherapies.
Cisplatin-Induced CD95 Redistribution into Membrane Lipid Rafts of HT29 Human Colon Cancer Cells
Authors: Lacour Sandrine , Hammann Arlette , Grazide Solène , Lagadic-Gossmann Dominique , Athias Anne , Sergent Odile , Laurent Guy , Gambert Philippe , Solary Eric , Dimanche-Boitrel Marie-Thérèse 
Published: September 2005

Abstract
We have shown previously that the death receptor CD95 could contribute to anticancer drug-induced apoptosis of colon cancer cells. In addition, anticancer drugs cooperate with CD95 cognate ligand or agonistic antibodies to trigger cancer cell apoptosis. In the present study, we show that the anticancer drug cisplatin induces clustering of CD95 at the surface of the human colon cancer cell line HT29, an event inhibited by the inhibitor of acid sphingomyelinase (aSMase) imipramine. The cholesterol sequestering agent nystatin also prevents cisplatin-induced CD95 clustering and decreases HT29 cell sensitivity to cisplatin-induced apoptosis and the synergy between cisplatin and anti-CD95 agonistic antibodies. CD95, together with the adaptor molecule Fas-associated death domain and procaspase-8, is redistributed into cholesterol- and sphingolipid-enriched cell fractions after cisplatin treatment, suggesting plasma membrane raft involvement. Interestingly, nystatin prevents the translocation of the aSMase to the extracellular surface of plasma membrane and the production of ceramide, suggesting that these early events require raft integrity. In addition, nystatin prevents cisplatin-induced transient increase in plasma membrane fluidity that could be required for CD95 translocation. Together, these results demonstrate that cisplatin activates aSMase and induces ceramide production, which triggers the redistribution of CD95 into the plasma membrane rafts. Such redistribution contributes to cell death and sensitizes tumor cells to CD95-mediated apoptosis.
Novel Nanosensors for Rapid Analysis of Telomerase Activity
Authors: Grimm Jan , Perez J Manuel , Josephson Lee , Weissleder Ralph 
Published: September 2005

Abstract
Elevated telomerase levels are found in many malignancies, offering an attractive target for therapeutic intervention and diagnostic or prognostic purposes. Here we describe the use of a novel nanosensor developed for rapid screens of telomerase activity in biological samples. The technique utilizes magnetic nanoparticles that, on annealing with telomerase synthesized TTAGGG repeats, switch their magnet state, a phenomenon readily detectable by magnetic readers. We tested the efficacy of different telomerase inhibitors in crude human and murine samples and show that phosphorylation of telomerase regulates its activity. High-throughput adaptation of the technique by magnetic resonance imaging allowed processing of hundreds of samples within tens of minutes at ultrahigh sensitivities. Together, these studies establish and validate a novel and powerful tool for rapidly sensing telomerase activity and provide the rationale for developing analogous magnetic nanoparticles for in vivo sensing.