bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of mental health symptoms and potential risk factors among Austrian psychotherapists
Authors: Schaffler Yvonne , Probst Thomas , Pieh Christoph , Haid Barbara , Humer Elke 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis research focused on the intricacies of mental health within the psychotherapist community, a domain currently understudied. A recent study suggests a better overall mental health profile for Austrian psychotherapists compared to the general population. However, a substantial proportion of psychotherapists still exhibited scores beyond the cut-off for clinically significant mental disorders, potentially undermining the efficacy of patient outcomes. A cross-sectional study was conducted between April to June 2023, enrolling a cohort of 502 Austrian psychotherapists (79.7% female; mean age: 53.4 ± 9.26 years). The analysis leveraged indicators for symptoms of depression (PHQ-2), anxiety (GAD-2), insomnia (ISI-2), stress (PSS-4), and overall well-being (WHO-5). Key correlations were revealed using multivariable logistic regressions incorporating sociodemographic, work-related, and health behavior variables. Mental health symptoms in psychotherapists were associated with lower income, lesser physical activity, employment in outpatient facilities, less experience in the field, and a smaller patient load. Notably, physical activity emerged as a significant protective component, underscoring regular exercise as a vital self-care routine for psychotherapists. Adequate income also presented as a crucial contributor to mental health stability. These findings augment our understanding of the complex dynamics influencing psychotherapists' mental health, potentially enhancing their well-being and optimizing professional output.
Electrospun silk fibroin/fibrin vascular scaffold with superior mechanical properties and biocompatibility for applications in tissue engineering
Authors: Yang Lei , Wang Xu , Xiong Man , Liu Xinfang , Luo Sidong , Luo Jinxian , Wang Yeyang 
Published: February 2024

AbstractElectrospun scaffolds play important roles in the fields of regenerative medicine and vascular tissue engineering. The aim of the research described here was to develop a vascular scaffold that mimics the structural and functional properties of natural vascular scaffolding. The mechanical properties of artificial vascular tissue represent a key issue for successful transplantation in small diameter engineering blood vessels. We blended silk fibroin (SF) and fibrin to fabricate a composite scaffold using electrospinning to overcome the shortcomings of fibrin with respect to its mechanical properties. Subsequently, we then carefully investigated the morphological, mechanical properties, hydrophilicity, hemocompatibility, degradation, cytocompatibility and biocompatibility of the SF/fibrin (0:100), SF/fibrin (15:85), SF/fibrin (25:75), and SF/fibrin (35:65) scaffolds. Based on these in vitro results, we implanted SF/fibrin (25:75) vascular scaffold subcutaneously and analyzed its in vivo degradation and histocompatibility. The fiber structure of the SF/fibrin hybrid scaffold was smooth and uniform, and its fiber diameters were relatively small. Compared with the fibrin scaffold, the SF/fibrin scaffold clearly displayed increased mechanical strength, but the hydrophilicity weakened correspondingly. All of the SF/fibrin scaffolds showed excellent blood compatibility and appropriate biodegradation rates. The SF/fibrin (25:75) scaffold increased the proliferation and adhesion of MSCs. The results of animal experiments confirmed that the degradation of the SF/fibrin (25:75) scaffold was faster than that of the SF scaffold and effectively promoted tissue regeneration and cell infiltration. All in all, the SF/fibrin (25:75) electrospun scaffold displayed balanced and controllable biomechanical properties, degradability, and good cell compatibility. Thus, this scaffold proved to be an ideal candidate material for artificial blood vessels.
Study on the onset mechanism of bio-blister degradation of polyolefin by diatom attachment in seawater
Authors: Nakatani Hisayuki , Narizumi Shun , Okubo Seiya , Motokucho Suguru , Dao Anh Thi Ngoc , Kim Hee-Jin , Yagi Mitsuharu , Kyozuka Yusaku , Miura Shigenobu , Josyula Kanth V. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIt is essential to develop a mechanism for lowering the molecular weight of polyolefins to achieve biodegradation in seawater. In this study, a polypropylene/polylactic acid blend sample was first subjected to photodegradation pretreatment, and it was confirmed that in pure water, the acid generated promotes the polypropylene degradation (autoxidation), while in alkaline seawater, the promotion was inhibited by a neutralization reaction. In the autoxidation of polyolefins in alkaline seawater, aqueous Cl− was also the inhibitor. However, we found that autoxidation could be initiated even in seawater by lowering the pH and using dissociation of ClOH (called blister degradation). The blister degradation mechanism enabled autoxidation, even in seawater, by taking advantage of the ability of diatoms to secrete transparent exopolymer particles (TEP) to prevent direct contact between the surface layer of polyolefins and alkaline seawater. We named blister degradation in seawater with diatoms as bio-blister degradation and confirmed its manifestation using linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE)/starch samples by SEM, IR, DSC and GPC analysis.
Auditory stimulation during REM sleep modulates REM electrophysiology and cognitive performance
Authors: Navarrete Miguel , Greco Viviana , Rakowska Martyna , Bellesi Michele , Lewis Penelope A. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractREM sleep is critical for memory, emotion, and cognition. Manipulating brain activity during REM could improve our understanding of its function and benefits. Earlier studies have suggested that auditory stimulation in REM might modulate REM time and reduce rapid eye movement density. Building on this, we studied the cognitive effects and electroencephalographic responses related to such stimulation. We used acoustic stimulation locked to eye movements during REM and compared two overnight conditions (stimulation and no-stimulation). We evaluated the impact of this stimulation on REM sleep duration and electrophysiology, as well as two REM-sensitive memory tasks: visual discrimination and mirror tracing. Our results show that this auditory stimulation in REM decreases the rapid eye movements that characterize REM sleep and improves performance on the visual task but is detrimental to the mirror tracing task. We also observed increased beta-band activity and decreased theta-band activity following stimulation. Interestingly, these spectral changes were associated with changes in behavioural performance. These results show that acoustic stimulation can modulate REM sleep and suggest that different memory processes underpin its divergent impacts on cognitive performance.
Akkermansia muciniphila-induced trained immune phenotype increases bacterial intracellular survival and attenuates inflammation
Authors: Peña-Cearra Ainize , Palacios Ainhoa , Pellon Aize , Castelo Janire , Pasco Samuel Tanner , Seoane Iratxe , Barriales Diego , Martin Jose Ezequiel , Pascual-Itoiz Miguel Ángel , Gonzalez-Lopez Monika , Martín-Ruiz Itziar , Macías-Cámara Nuria , Gutiez Naiara , Araujo-Aris Sarai , Aransay Ana Mª , Rodríguez Héctor , Anguita Juan , Abecia Leticia 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe initial exposure to pathogens and commensals confers innate immune cells the capacity to respond distinctively upon a second stimulus. This training capacity might play key functions in developing an adequate innate immune response to the continuous exposure to bacteria. However, the mechanisms involved in induction of trained immunity by commensals remain mostly unexplored. A. muciniphila represents an attractive candidate to study the promotion of these long-term responses. Here, we show that priming of macrophages with live A. muciniphila enhances bacterial intracellular survival and decreases the release of pro- and anti-inflammatory signals, lowering the production of TNF and IL-10. Global transcriptional analysis of macrophages after a secondary exposure to the bacteria showed the transcriptional rearrangement underpinning the phenotype observed compared to acutely exposed cells, with the increased expression of genes related to phagocytic capacity and those involved in the metabolic adjustment conducing to innate immune training. Accordingly, key genes related to bacterial killing and pro-inflammatory pathways were downregulated. These data demonstrate the importance of specific bacterial members in the modulation of local long-term innate immune responses, broadening our knowledge of the association between gut microbiome commensals and trained immunity as well as the anti-inflammatory probiotic potential of A. muciniphila.
All paths lead to hubs in the spectroscopic networks of water isotopologues H216O and H218O
Authors: Tóbiás Roland , Diouf Meissa L. , Cozijn Frank M. J. , Ubachs Wim , Császár Attila G. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractNetwork theory has fundamentally transformed our comprehension of complex systems, catalyzing significant advances across various domains of science and technology. In spectroscopic networks, hubs are the quantum states involved in the largest number of transitions. Here, utilizing network paths probed via precision metrology, absolute energies have been deduced, with at least 10-digit accuracy, for almost 200 hubs in the experimental spectroscopic networks of H216O and H218O. These hubs, lying on the ground vibrational states of both species and the bending fundamental of H216O, are involved in tens of thousands of observed transitions. Relying on the same hubs and other states, benchmark-quality line lists have been assembled, which supersede and improve, by three orders of magnitude, the accuracy of the massive amount of data reported in hundreds of papers dealing with Doppler-limited spectroscopy. Due to the omnipresence of water, these ultraprecise line lists could be applied to calibrate high-resolution spectra and serve ongoing and upcoming space missions.
Additive manufacturing of defect-free TiZrNbTa refractory high-entropy alloy with enhanced elastic isotropy via in-situ alloying of elemental powders
Authors: Mooraj Shahryar , Kim George , Fan Xuesong , Samuha Shmuel , Xie Yujun , Li Tianyi , Tiley Jaimie S. , Chen Yan , Yu Dunji , An Ke , Hosemann Peter , Liaw Peter K. , Chen Wei , Chen Wen 
Published: February 2024

AbstractLaser powder-bed fusion (L-PBF) additive manufacturing presents ample opportunities to produce net-shape parts. The complex laser-powder interactions result in high cooling rates that often lead to unique microstructures and excellent mechanical properties. Refractory high-entropy alloys show great potential for high-temperature applications but are notoriously difficult to process by additive processes due to their sensitivity to cracking and defects, such as un-melted powders and keyholes. Here, we present a method based on a normalized model-based processing diagram to achieve a nearly defect-free TiZrNbTa alloy via in-situ alloying of elemental powders during L-PBF. Compared to its as-cast counterpart, the as-printed TiZrNbTa exhibits comparable mechanical properties but with enhanced elastic isotropy. This method has good potential for other refractory alloy systems based on in-situ alloying of elemental powders, thereby creating new opportunities to rapidly expand the collection of processable refractory materials via L-PBF.
Deeply subwavelength mid-infrared phase retardation with α-MoO3 flakes
Authors: Enders Michael T. , Sarkar Mitradeep , Giteau Maxime , Deeva Aleksandra , Herzig Sheinfux Hanan , Shokooh-Saremi Mehrdad , Koppens Frank H. L. , Papadakis Georgia T. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPhase retardation is a cornerstone of modern optics, yet, at mid-infrared (mid-IR) frequencies, it remains a major challenge due to the scarcity of simultaneously transparent and birefringent crystals. Most materials resonantly absorb due to lattice vibrations occurring at mid-IR frequencies, and natural birefringence is weak, calling for hundreds of microns to millimeters-thick phase retarders for sufficient polarization rotation. Here, we demonstrate mid-IR phase retardation with flakes of α-MoO3 that are more than ten times thinner than the operational wavelength, achieving 90 degrees polarization rotation within one micrometer of material. We report conversion ratios above 50% in reflection or transmission mode, and wavelength tunability by several micrometers. Our results showcase that exfoliated flakes of low-dimensional crystals can serve as a platform for mid-IR miniaturized integrated low-loss polarization control.
Cathodic protection mechanism of iron and steel in porous media
Authors: Martinelli-Orlando Federico , Mundra Shishir , Angst Ueli M. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractCathodic protection was introduced two centuries ago and since has found widespread application in protecting structures such as pipelines, offshore installations, and bridges from corrosion. Despite its extensive use, the fundamental working mechanism of cathodic protection remains debated, particularly for metals in porous media such as soil. Here, we use in-situ and ex-situ characterisation techniques coupled with electrochemical measurements to characterise the spatio-temporal changes occurring at the steel-electrolyte interface. We show that upon cathodic protection, the interfacial electrolyte undergoes alkalinisation and deoxygenation, and that depending on polarisation conditions, an iron oxide film can simultaneously form on the steel surface. We further demonstrate that these changes in interfacial electrolyte chemistry and steel surface state result in altered anodic and cathodic reactions and their kinetics. We propose a mechanism of cathodic protection that integrates previous theories, based on both concentration and activation polarisation, complimentarily. We discuss the implications of this study in enhancing corrosion protection technologies and the safe, economical, and environmentally friendly operation of critical steel-based infrastructures.
A parsec-scale Galactic 3D dust map out to 1.25 kpc from the Sun
Authors: Edenhofer Gordian , Zucker Catherine , Frank Philipp , Saydjari Andrew K. , Speagle Joshua S. , Finkbeiner Douglas , Enßlin Torsten A. 
Published: February 2024

Context. High-resolution 3D maps of interstellar dust are critical for probing the underlying physics shaping the structure of the interstellar medium, and for foreground correction of astrophysical observations affected by dust.
Aims. We aim to construct a new 3D map of the spatial distribution of interstellar dust extinction out to a distance of 1.25 kpc from the Sun.
Methods. We leveraged distance and extinction estimates to 54 million nearby stars derived from the Gaia BP/RP spectra. Using the stellar distance and extinction information, we inferred the spatial distribution of dust extinction. We modeled the logarithmic dust extinction with a Gaussian process in a spherical coordinate system via iterative charted refinement and a correlation kernel inferred in previous work. In total, our posterior has over 661 million degrees of freedom. We probed the posterior distribution using the variational inference method MGVI.
Results. Our 3D dust map has an angular resolution of up to 14′ (Nside = 256), and we achieve parsec-scale distance resolution, sampling the dust in 516 logarithmically spaced distance bins spanning 69 pc to 1250 pc. We generated 12 samples from the variational posterior of the 3D dust distribution and release the samples alongside the mean 3D dust map and its corresponding uncertainty.
Conclusions. Our map resolves the internal structure of hundreds of molecular clouds in the solar neighborhood and will be broadly useful for studies of star formation, Galactic structure, and young stellar populations. It is available for download in a variety of coordinate systems online and can also be queried via the publicly available dustmaps Python package.
Simulations of early structure formation: Properties of halos that host primordial star formation
Authors: Lenoble R. , Commerçon B. , Rosdahl J. 
Published: February 2024

Context.Population III (pop III) stars were born in halos characterised by a pristine gas composition. In such a halo, once the gas density reachesnH ∼ 1 cm−3, molecular cooling leads to the collapse of the gas and the birth of pop III stars. Halo properties, such as the chemical abundances, mass, and angular momentum can affect the collapse of the gas, thereby leading to the pop III initial mass function (IMF) of star formation.Aims.We want to study the properties of primordial halos and how halos that host early star formation differ from other types of halos. The aim of this study is to obtain a representative population of halos at a given redshift hosting a cold and massive gas cloud that enables the birth of the first stars.Methods.We investigated the growth of primordial halos in a ΛCDM Universe in a large cosmological simulation. We used the hydrodynamic code RAMSESand the chemical solver KROMEto study halo formation with non-equilibrium thermochemistry. We then identified structures in the dark and baryonic matter fields, thereby linking the presence or absence of dense gas clouds to the mass and the physical properties of the hosting halos.Results.In our simulations, the mass threshold for a halo for hosting a cold dense gas cloud is ≃7 × 105 M⊙and the threshold in the H2mass fraction is found to be ≃2 × 10−4. This is in agreement with previous works. We find that the halo history and accretion rate play a minor role. Here, we present halos with higher HD abundances, which are shown to be colder, as the temperature in the range between 102 − 104 cm−3depends on the HD abundance to a large extent. The higher fraction of HD is linked to the higher spin parameter that is seen for the dense gas.
‘My appetite and mind would go’: Inuit perceptions of (im)mobility and wellbeing loss under climate change across Inuit Nunangat in the Canadian Arctic
Authors: Ayeb-Karlsson Sonja , Hoad Anna , Trueba Mei L. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe academic literature on personal experiences of climate-induced wellbeing erosion (often conceptualised as ‘non-economic losses and damages’) is still limited. This represents a serious climate policy gap that hinders support for marginalised people across the world including Indigenous People. Lately, we have seen a rapid growth in empirical studies exploring linkages between climate change and mental health among Indigenous Inuit in Canada. However, its association with human (im)mobility remains unexplored. This review article brings together the empirical evidence of Inuit experiences and perceptions of climate-related wellbeing loss and (im)mobility while providing climate policy with guidance for appropriate action. The systematic review investigates how Inuit in Arctic Canada felt that climatic changes impacted their (im)mobility and mental health while putting these feelings into a wider context of colonial violence, forced child removal, the residential schools, and other systematic human rights abuses. Twelve electronic databases (four specific to Arctic research) were searched for English and French, peer reviewed, qualitative studies published between 2000 and 2021. Fifteen selected articles were analysed using NVivo and thematic narrative analysis from a climate-violence-health nexus systems approach. Three overarching climate-related wellbeing loss themes, all strongly intertwined with feelings of immobility, emerged from the literature namely ‘identity and cultural loss’, ‘land connection as a source of healing’, and ‘changing environment triggering emotional distress’. The narratives circled around Inuit land connection and how climate-induced temporary (im)mobility interrupted this relationship. Climatic changes isolated Inuit away from the land and cut off their ability to partake in land activities. This strongly eroded Inuit wellbeing, expressed through distress, anxiety, depression, social tension, suicide ideation and deep feelings of cultural loss. The findings showed how Inuit mental health strongly depend on a sustained connection to the land. Further empirical research among other Indigenous People or nomadic groups on wellbeing loss and climate-induced involuntary immobility is urgently needed. Future research should particularly explore how such mental health impacts tie into past and present (post)colonial traumas and current suicide occurrences. This will help climate policy, research, and adaptation planning better prepare and propose more contextually and culturally appropriate health actions in the future.
Electron effective mass in GaN revisited: New insights from terahertz and mid-infrared optical Hall effect
Authors: Armakavicius Nerijus , Knight Sean , Kühne Philipp , Stanishev Vallery , Tran Dat Q. , Richter Steffen , Papamichail Alexis , Stokey Megan , Sorensen Preston , Kilic Ufuk , Schubert Mathias , Paskov Plamen P. , Darakchieva Vanya 
Published: February 2024

Electron effective mass is a fundamental material parameter defining the free charge carrier transport properties, but it is very challenging to be experimentally determined at high temperatures relevant to device operation. In this work, we obtain the electron effective mass parameters in a Si-doped GaN bulk substrate and epitaxial layers from terahertz (THz) and mid-infrared (MIR) optical Hall effect (OHE) measurements in the temperature range of 38–340 K. The OHE data are analyzed using the well-accepted Drude model to account for the free charge carrier contributions. A strong temperature dependence of the electron effective mass parameter in both bulk and epitaxial GaN with values ranging from (0.18 ± 0.02) m0 to (0.34 ± 0.01) m0 at a low temperature (38 K) and room temperature, respectively, is obtained from the THz OHE analysis. The observed effective mass enhancement with temperature is evaluated and discussed in view of conduction band nonparabolicity, polaron effect, strain, and deviations from the classical Drude behavior. On the other hand, the electron effective mass parameter determined by MIR OHE is found to be temperature independent with a value of (0.200 ± 0.002) m0. A possible explanation for the different findings from THz OHE and MIR OHE is proposed.