bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Data‐driven coordinated attention deep learning for high‐fidelity brain imaging denoising and inpainting
Authors: Luo Chenggui , Pang Wen , Shen Binglin , Zhao Zewei , Wang Shiqi , Hu Rui , Qu Junle , Gu Bobo , Liu Liwei 
Published: January 2024

AbstractDeep learning offers promise in enhancing low‐quality images by addressing weak fluorescence signals, especially in deep in vivo mouse brain imaging. However, current methods struggle with photon scarcity and noise within in vivo deep mouse brains, and often neglecting tissue preservation. In this study, we propose an innovative in vivo cortical fluorescence image restoration approach, combining signal enhancement, denoising, and inpainting. We curated a deep brain cortical image dataset and developed a novel deep brain coordinate attention restoration network (DeepCAR), integrating coordinate attention with optimized residual networks. Our method swiftly and accurately restores deep cortex images exceeding 800 μm, preserving small‐scale tissue structures. It boosts the peak signal‐to‐noise ratio (PSNR) by 6.94 dB for weak signals and 11.22 dB for large noisy images. Crucially, we validate the effectiveness on external datasets with diverse noise distributions, structural features compared to those in our training data, showcasing real‐time high‐performance image restoration capabilities.
Dexpanthenol exhibits antiapoptotic and anti‐inflammatory effects against nicotine‐induced liver damage by modulating Bax/Bcl‐xL, Caspase‐3/9, and Akt/NF‐κB pathways
Authors: Üremiş Nuray , Aslan Meral , Taşlidere Elif , Gürel Elif 
Published: January 2024

AbstractChronic tobacco use can lead to liver damage and inflammation due to the accumulation of various toxins in the body. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between the molecular mechanisms of nicotine‐induced liver injury, the caspase cascade, and the Akt/NF‐κB signaling pathway, as well as the protective effects of dexpanthenol (DEX). Male rats were subjected to intraperitoneal injections of nicotine at a concentration of 0.5 mg/kg/day and/or DEX at a concentration of 500 mg/kg/day for 8 weeks. After the treatment period, liver function tests were conducted on serum samples, and tissue samples were analyzed for protein levels of Akt, NF‐κB, Bax, Bcl‐xL, Caspase‐3, and Caspase‐9, along with histopathological changes. Additionally, assessments of oxidative stress markers and proinflammatory cytokines were carried out. Nicotine administration led to elevated levels of IL‐6, IL‐1β, MDA, TOS, and oxidative stress index, accompanied by decreased TAS levels. Moreover, nicotine exposure reduced the p‐Akt/Akt ratio, increased NF‐κB, Bax, Caspase‐3, and Caspase‐9 protein levels, and decreased the antiapoptotic protein Bcl‐xL levels. DEX treatment significantly mitigated these effects, restoring the parameters to levels comparable to those of the control group. Nicotine‐induced liver injury resulted in oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis, mediated by Bax/Bcl‐xL, Caspase‐3, Caspase‐9, and Akt/NF‐κB pathways. Conversely, DEX effectively attenuated nicotine‐induced liver injury by modulating apoptosis through NF‐κB, Caspase‐3, Caspase‐9, Bax inhibition, and Bcl‐xL activation.
Spectroscopic, computational, cytotoxicity, and docking studies of 6‐bromobenzimidazole as anti‐breast cancer agent
Authors: Kunjumol V. S. , Jeyavijayan S. , Sumathi S. , Karthik N. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract6‐Bromobenzimidazole (6BBZ) has been calculated in this study utilizing the 6‐311++G(d,p) basis set and the Becke‐3‐Lee‐Yang‐Parr density functional approaches. The basic frequencies and geometric optimization are known. FTIR, FT‐Raman, and UV–Vis spectra of the substance are compared between its computed and observed values. The energy gap between highest occupied molecular orbital–lowest unoccupied molecular orbital and molecule electrostatic potentials has been represented by charge density distributions that may be associated with the biological response. Time‐dependent density functional theory calculations in the gas phase and dimethyl sulfoxide were carried out to ascertain the electronic properties and energy gap values using the same basis set. Molecular orbital contributions are investigated using the overlap population, partial, and total densities of states. Natural bond analysis was found to have strong electron delocalization by means of π(C4–C9) → π*(C5–C6), LP (N1) → π*(C7–C8), and LP(Br12) → π*(C5–C6) interactions. The Fukui function and Mulliken analysis have been explored on the atomic charges of the molecule. The nuclear magnetic resonance chemical shifts for 1H and 13C have been computed using the gauge‐independent atomic orbital technique. With the highest binding affinity (−6.2 kcal mol−1) against estrogen sulfotransferase receptor (PDB ID: 1AQU) and low IC50 value of 17.23 μg/mL, 6BBZ demonstrated potent action against the MCF‐7 breast cancer cell line. Studies on the antibacterial activity and ADMET prediction of the molecule have also been carried out.
Cardiac T1ρ Mapping Values Affected by Age and Sex in a Healthy Chinese Cohort
Authors: Deng Wei , Wang Zhen , Jia Zhuoran , Liu Fang , Wu Jian , Yang Jinxiu , An Shutian , Yu Yongqiang , Han Yuchi , Zhao Ren , Li Xiaohu 
Published: January 2024

BackgroundTo facilitate the clinical use of cardiac T1ρ, it is important to understand the impact of age and sex on T1ρ values of the myocardium.PurposeTo investigate the impact of age and gender on myocardial T1ρ values.Study TypeCross‐sectional.PopulationTwo hundred ten healthy Han Chinese volunteers without cardiovascular risk factors (85 males, mean age 34.4 ± 12.5 years; 125 females, mean age 37.9 ± 14.8 years).Field Strength/Sequence1.5 T; T1ρ‐prepared steady‐state free precession (T1ρ mapping) sequence.AssessmentBasal, mid, and apical short‐axis left ventricular T1ρ maps were acquired. T1ρ maps acquired with spin‐lock frequencies of 5 and 400 Hz were subtracted to create a myocardial fibrosis index (mFI) map. T1ρ and mFI values across different age decades, sex, and slice locations were compared.Statistical TestsShapiro–Wilk test, Student's t test, Mann–Whitney U test, linear regression analysis, one‐way analysis of variance and intraclass correlation coefficient. Significance: P value <0.05.ResultsWomen had significantly higher T1ρ and mFI values than men (50.3 ± 2.0 msec vs. 47.7 ± 2.4 msec and 4.7 ± 1.0 msec vs. 4.3 ± 1.1 msec, respectively). Additionally, in males and females combined, there was a significant positive but weak correlation between T1ρ values and age (r = 0.27), while no correlation was observed between the mFI values and age (P = 0.969).Data ConclusionWe report potential reference values for cardiac T1ρ by sex, age distribution, and slice location in a Chinese population. T1ρ was significantly correlated with age and sex, while mFI was only associated with sex.Evidence Level2Technical EfficacyStage 1
Assessment of dietary interventions including low fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols diet as management for fructose intolerance
Authors: Lin Henry C. , Batiuk Elizabeth , Hunter Anna K. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractObjectivesAbdominal pain remains one of the most common referral reasons to pediatric gastroenterology. Dietary intolerances are often considered but due to various factors are hardly pursued. We observed that diet review in large number of children with abdominal pain was high in sugary foods which led to food intolerance investigation and dietary intervention.MethodsA retrospective review was conducted of patients presenting with abdominal pain, diarrhea, or vomiting and negative GI evaluation, who underwent fructose breath testing. Patients younger than 20 years old who were seen between June 1, 2018 and March 1, 2021 were included. Statistical analysis was performed in R.ResultsThere were 110 pediatric patients during the study period who underwent fructose breath testing, with 31% male and 69% female. The average age was 12.14 ± 4.01 years, and the average BMI was 21.21 ± 6.12. Abdominal pain was the most common presenting symptom (74.5%) followed by diarrhea and vomiting. Seventy‐seven patients (70%) had a positive fructose breath test and were diagnosed with dietary intolerance to fructose. The 56 (67.5%) of those patients experienced symptoms during the breath test. Forty‐three patients improved with dietary intervention. Twenty‐seven on low fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols diet and 16 on other diets.ConclusionsBased on analysis of our cohort of children with abdominal pain and high incidence of fructose intolerance as well as improvement in symptoms, following dietary changes, this condition should be considered and treated. Further investigation is needed to improve diagnostic testing but also into understanding mechanisms behind symptom presentation in this population.
Clinical outcomes of derotational femoral osteotomy combined with medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction in patients with patellar dislocation and increased femoral anteversion unaffected by the pattern of distribution of femoral torsion
Authors: Fan Chongyi , Niu Yingzhen , Hao Kuo , Kong Lingce , Huo Zhenhui , Lin Wei , Wang Fei 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPurposeThe aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical effect of derotational femoral osteotomy combined with medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction for patellar dislocation and the effect of the distribution of femoral torsion at different segments on postoperative function.MethodsForty‐two patients with patellar dislocation who underwent derotational femoral osteotomy from 2017 to 2021 were retrospectively analysed. All patients received computed tomography scans from the hip to the knee to evaluate correction of the femoral anteversion (FA) angle, patellar tilt angle (PTA) and congruence angle (CA) after derotational femoral osteotomy. Subjective scores, such as the Kujala, Lysholm, International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC), Tegner and visual analog scale (VAS) scores, were used to evaluate knee function before and after the operation. Patients with supracondylar torsion > distal torsion were categorized into the supracondylar torsion group and patients with distal torsion > supracondylar torsion were categorized into the distal torsion group. Subgroup analyses were performed.ResultsNo presentation of redislocation occurred in these patients at the minimum 2‐year follow‐up visit. The mean preoperative FA angle in the supracondylar torsion group was 30.2° ± 4.2°, and the mean postoperative FA angle was 14.5° ± 2.5° (p < 0.001). The mean preoperative FA angle was 26.7° ± 1.4° and the mean postoperative FA angle was 14.1° ± 1.4° in the distal torsion group. In addition, postoperative PTA and CA were significantly corrected in both groups (p < 0.001). The postoperative Kujala, Lysholm, IKDC, Tegner and VAS scores were significantly improved in both groups (p < 0.001). Subgroup analyses showed a higher preoperative FA in the supracondylar torsion group and a higher occurrence of high‐grade trochlear dysplasia in the distal torsion group. However, there was no significant difference in their postoperative clinical outcomes.ConclusionThrough a minimum of 2‐year follow‐up visits of patients with patellar dislocation and increased FA, it was found that derotational femoral osteotomy could significantly reduce FA and improve subjective knee function. The pattern of torsion distribution did not significantly affect the clinical outcomes of derotational femoral osteotomy. These findings readvised orthopaedic surgeons that derotational femoral osteotomy remains the preferred procedure for correcting rotational malalignment, but that they should be more cautious about its indications.Level of Evidence: Level IV.
Economic evaluation of high tibial osteotomy: Closing wedge is more cost‐effective than open wedge technique when analysing the KOOS‐12 improvement
Authors: Ferrer‐Rivero Robert , Pujol Oriol , Ferrer‐Rivero Josep , De Maria Prieto Jose Manuel , Oliver Gabriel 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this study was to compare the cost‐effectiveness of two techniques for performing a knee valgus osteotomy: opening wedge high tibial osteotomy (OW‐HTO) vs closing wedge high tibial osteotomy (CW‐HTO).MethodsIn this economic evaluation study, a cost‐effectiveness analysis from the perspective of the Spanish public healthcare system was performed, comparing OW‐HTO with CW‐HTO. All patients with medial knee osteoarthritis who underwent one of these procedures between 2018 and 2020 in our institution were included. The cost analysis included operating room, implant, graft and hospital admission costs. Functional outcomes (KOOS‐12, Tegner activity scale, pain and satisfaction) and radiological outcomes (hip‐knee‐ankle angle, medial proximal tibial angle, tibial slope and patellar height) were analysed. The cost‐effectiveness ratio was obtained by calculating the cost of improving the minimal clinically important difference (MCID) of KOOS‐12 for each procedure. All costs are expressed in 2020 euros.ResultsFifty‐one patients met the inclusion criteria (27 OW‐HTO and 24 CW‐HTO). Good to excellent functional outcomes, significant pain reduction (>6 points) and high patient satisfaction (>9/10) were observed in both groups. Both techniques yielded excellent radiological outcomes. N.s. differences in functional or radiological outcomes improvements between both procedures were found. However, the OW‐HTO group presented a higher total cost than the CW‐HTO group (4612.1 ± 765.6€ vs. 1827.1 ± 701.9€; p < 0.001). The cost‐effectiveness ratio was 818.1 ± 46.8 €/MCID for the CW‐HTO procedure and 2414.3 ± 115.2 €/MCID for the OW‐HTO procedure (p = 0.025).ConclusionThe CW‐HTO procedure presented a cost‐effectiveness ratio almost three times lower than the OW‐HTO procedure. Both techniques allowed to achieve of good to excellent functional outcomes, significant pain reduction and high patient satisfaction while correcting the varus limb malalignment and the metaphyseal tibial varus in patients with medial compartment osteoarthritis.Level of EvidenceLevel III; economic study.
Maximum spherical mean value filtering for whole‐brain QSM
Authors: Roberts Alexandra G. , Romano Dominick J. , Şişman Mert , Dimov Alexey V. , Nguyen Thanh D. , Kovanlikaya Ilhami , Gauthier Susan A. , Wang Yi , Spincemaille Pascal 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPurposeTo develop a tissue field‐filtering algorithm, called maximum spherical mean value (mSMV), for reducing shadow artifacts in QSM of the brain without requiring brain‐tissue erosion.Theory and MethodsResidual background field is a major source of shadow artifacts in QSM. The mSMV algorithm filters large field‐magnitude values near the border, where the maximum value of the harmonic background field is located. The effectiveness of mSMV for artifact removal was evaluated by comparing existing QSM algorithms in numerical brain simulation as well as using in vivo human data acquired from 11 healthy volunteers and 93 patients.ResultsNumerical simulation showed that mSMV reduces shadow artifacts and improves QSM accuracy. Better shadow reduction, as demonstrated by lower QSM variation in the gray matter and higher QSM image quality score, was also observed in healthy subjects and in patients with hemorrhages, stroke, and multiple sclerosis.ConclusionThe mSMV algorithm allows QSM maps that are substantially equivalent to those obtained using SMV‐filtered dipole inversion without eroding the volume of interest.
Surface Reconstruction of the Pediatric Larynx via Structure from Motion Photogrammetry: A Pilot Study
Authors: Barbour Michael C. , Amin Shaunak N. , Friedman Seth D. , Perez Francisco A. , Bly Randall A. , Johnson Kaalan E. , Parikh Sanjay R. , Richardson Clare M. , Dahl John P. , Aliseda Alberto 
Published: January 2024

AbstractEndoscopy is the gold standard for characterizing pediatric airway disorders, however, it is limited for quantitative analysis due to lack of three‐dimensional (3D) vision and poor stereotactic depth perception. We utilize structure from motion (SfM) photogrammetry, to reconstruct 3D surfaces of pathologic and healthy pediatric larynges from monocular two‐dimensional (2D) endoscopy. Models of pediatric subglottic stenosis were 3D printed and airway endoscopies were simulated. 3D surfaces were successfully reconstructed from endoscopic videos of all models using an SfM analysis toolkit. Average subglottic surface error between SfM reconstructed surfaces and 3D printed models was 0.65 mm as measured by Modified Hausdorff Distance. Average volumetric similarity between SfM surfaces and printed models was 0.82 as measured by Jaccard Index. SfM can be used to accurately reconstruct 3D surface renderings of the larynx from 2D endoscopy video. This technique has immense potential for use in quantitative analysis of airway geometry and virtual surgical planning.
Complications After Pediatric Temporal Bone Fractures by Classification System: A Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis
Authors: Poupore Nicolas S. , Britt Annie F. , Nguyen Shaun A. , White David R. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo analyze the rates of complications after pediatric temporal bone fractures (TBF) and the utility of the longitudinal, transverse, and mixed versus the otic capsule sparing (OCS) and otic capsule violating (OCV) classification systems in predicting these complications.Data SourcesPubMed, Scopus, and CINAHL.Review MethodsPer PRISMA guidelines, studies of children with TBFs were included. Meta‐analyses of proportions were performed.ResultsA total of 22 studies with 1376 TBFs were included. Children with TBF had higher rates of conductive hearing loss (CHL) than sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) (31.3% [95% confidence interval [CI] 23.2‐40.1] vs 12.9% [95% CI 8.9‐17.5]). No differences in both CHL and SNHL were seen between longitudinal and transverse TBFs; however, OCV TBFs had higher rates of SNHL than OCS TBFs (59.3% [95% CI 27.8‐87.0] vs 4.9% [95% CI 1.5‐10.1]). Of all patients, 9.9% [95% CI 7.2‐13.1] experienced facial nerve (FN) paresis/paralysis, and 13.4% [95% CI 5.9‐23.2] experienced cerebrospinal fluid otorrhea. Transverse TBFs had higher rates of FN paresis/paralysis than longitudinal (27.7% [95% CI 17.4‐40.0] vs 8.6% [95% CI 5.2‐12.8]), but rates were similar between OCS and OCV TBFs.ConclusionCHL was the most common complication after TBF in children; however, neither classification system was superior in identifying CHL. The traditional system was more effective at identifying FN injuries, and the new system was more robust at identifying SNHL. While these results suggest that both classification systems might have utility in evaluating pediatric TBFs, these analyses were limited by sample size. Future research on outcomes of pediatric TBFs stratified by type of fracture, mainly focusing on long‐term outcomes, is needed.
Non‐material contributions of nature expressed by former tourists of Mount Kilimanjaro, Tanzania
Authors: Pearson Jasmine , Gross Milena , Hofmann Johanna 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Nature‐based tourism provides an outlet for people to experience non‐material nature's contributions to people (NCP) and can even promote care for nature. Yet, the literature on NCP is still dominated by studies on regulating and material NCP, with limited research on non‐material contributions.

Semi‐structured interviews and photo‐elicitation methods were conducted online with 38 former tourists who have hiked Mount Kilimanjaro, Tanzania, to investigate NCP experiences during their hiking journey. Drawing on the guiding principles of the Intergovernmental Panel on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES), an interwoven approach was used to link context‐specific NCP expressed by tourists to the generalizing perspective.

Ten context‐specific non‐material NCP emerged including Aesthetic experiences; Learning and life‐changing perspectives; New and unique experiences; and Social cohesion and bonding. All context‐specific NCP were linked back to the generalizing perspective, with most NCP falling under the generalizing category of Physical and psychological experiences.

This paper reveals the unique and diverse ways that nature contributes to people's lives, promoting the visibility of multiple perspectives and their incorporation into biodiversity conservation and sustainable management strategies. Through an interwoven approach, NCP can be compared on a universal scale while respecting the context‐specificity of human–nature interactions across different social‐ecological contexts.

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Recent landscape and trends for industry‐sponsored pediatric clinical trials in China from 2013 to 2022
Authors: Liu Chang , Liu Yi , Ou Ling , Qi Yuenan , Zhang Jianmin 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACTImportancePediatric medication is a challenging issue globally. Promoting trials of medications for children and implementing measures to encourage innovation for addressing unmet medical and health needs are important.ObjectiveTo explore the recent landscape of pediatric clinical trials of new investigational drugs conducted by pharmaceutical enterprises in China from 2013 to 2022 to provide insight into pediatric drug development in the pharmaceutical industry and regulatory policy formulation.MethodsWe performed a cross‐sectional observational investigation of pediatric clinical trials registered from January 1, 2013, to December 31, 2022, on the Registration and Information Disclosure Platform for Drug Clinical Trials, the official registration platform established in 2013 for trials of new investigational drugs initiated by biopharmaceutical enterprises. Trials that included pediatric participants (under 18 years old) were retrieved, and their relevant characteristics were extracted and analyzed.ResultsIn total, 895 pediatric clinical trials were collected, accounting for 5.1% of the total registered clinical trials initiated prior to January 1, 2023. The overall average annual growth rate for the number of pediatric clinical trials was 12% (P < 0.001). Phase III trials accounted for the highest proportion (49.1%, 439). Of the 895 trials included, 736 (82.2%) were domestic trials, and 159 (17.8%) were international multicenter trials. In terms of tested drugs, investigations of biological products accounted for the largest proportion of trials (67.4%, 603). Among pediatric clinical trials, studies of vaccines accounted for the largest proportion of trials (41.0%, 367), followed by trials for rare diseases (17.2%, 154). Furthermore, geographical distribution analysis revealed that the largest and smallest numbers of trials were conducted in North China (35.7%, 320) and Northeast China (0.8%, 7), respectively.InterpretationThe growth trends for industry‐sponsored clinical trials involving children illustrate the progress and increasing capability of pediatric drug development achieved in China since 2013. Current challenges and potential areas of focus for policymakers and stakeholders include investigating orphan drugs for rare diseases according to the unique epidemiological characteristics of Chinese children, expanding the scope of pediatric clinical trials, and improving the uneven geographical distribution of leading research centers.