bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acute Intermittent Theta‐Burst Stimulation Produces Antidepressant‐Like Effects by Modulating Neuronal Oscillations and Serotonin Levels of the Medial Prefrontal Cortex in Experimental Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Wang Yixuan , Liu Jian , Hui Yanping , Wu Zhongheng , Wu Xiang , Bai Yihua , Li Jing , Zhang Lei , Liu Kuncheng , Zhang Qiaojun , Li Libo 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTParkinson's disease (PD)‐related depression is associated with aberrant neuronal oscillations and 5‐hydroxytryptamine (5‐HT) neurotransmission in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). Intermittent theta‐burst stimulation (iTBS), an updated pattern of high‐frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, has possible efficacy in PD‐related depression. However, whether iTBS alleviates PD‐related depression through modulating neuronal oscillations and 5‐HT levels in the mPFC has not been determined. In this study, male Sprague–Dawley rats were used to establish a unilateral 6‐hydroxydopamine‐induced PD model. Then, acute iTBS was applied to the parkinsonian rats, and behavioral, neurochemical, and electrophysiological experiments were performed. We found that the parkinsonian rats exhibited increased immobility time and decreased sucrose preference accompanied by an increase of δ power and a decrease of θ power in the mPFC compared to sham‐operated rats. One block of iTBS (1 block‐iTBS, 300 stimuli) alleviated depressive‐like behaviors in parkinsonian rats and elevated 5‐HT levels in the mPFC compared to sham‐iTBS. Additionally, it altered neuronal oscillations in the mPFC in the opposite fashion by suppressing the δ rhythm and enhancing the θ and β rhythms compared to sham‐iTBS, suggesting that acute iTBS induces hyperactivity in the mPFC. With this iTBS paradigm, we also observed decreased parvalbumin expression in the mPFC, reflecting reduced cortical inhibition. Finally, correlation analyses showed strong correlation between immobility time and θ power after 1 block‐iTBS. These findings suggest that the application of acute iTBS in parkinsonian rats produces antidepressant‐like effects, which may be associated with elevated 5‐HT levels and normalized neuronal oscillations in the mPFC.
Catheter ablation using pulsed‐field energy: Advantages and limitations compared with conventional energy
Authors: Kuroki Kenji , Tada Hiroshi 
Published: February 2025

AbstractAtrial fibrillation (AF) poses significant risks of heart failure and stroke, emphasizing effective treatment. Catheter ablation using thermal energy sources, such as radiofrequency or cryoballoon ablation, has shown greater success in maintaining sinus rhythm compared with drug therapy. However, thermal ablation (TA) is associated with serious complications, such as atrial‐esophageal fistula, phrenic nerve palsy, and pulmonary vein stenosis. Pulsed‐field ablation (PFA) is an emerging ablation energy source that uses electroporation to selectively target cardiac tissue while sparing adjacent structures such as nerves and blood vessels. Two randomized controlled trials have demonstrated that PFA is comparable to TA in both efficacy and safety at a 1‐year follow‐up and had shorter procedure times. A review of six meta‐analyses consistently showed shorter procedural times for PFA across all studies. Additionally, three out of the four recent studies with large samples reported lower recurrence rates with PFA. Regarding complication rates, four out of four studies showed lower incidences of phrenic nerve injury with PFA, and two out of three studies reported lower rates of esophageal injury with PFA. However, four out of four studies indicated higher incidences of cardiac tamponade with PFA, highlighting the need for caution among early‐career operators. Furthermore, careful monitoring is required considering the possible unforeseen complications specific to PFA and the lack of long‐term follow‐up data. Despite these concerns, PFA shows promise as a safer, more effective, and efficient alternative to TA for AF, particularly as operator experience and device technology continue to advance.
A familial early‐onset Crohn's disease‐based testing of a small bowel versus colonic location‐associated discovery gene network
Authors: Watson Ashleigh , Harris R. Alan , Oezguen Numan , Kellermayer Richard 
Published: February 2025

What is Known

IBD has a complex, polygenic genetic origin with multiple susceptibility genes.
We recently reported candidate gene networks may direct disease location between small bowel‐predominant Crohn's disease (SB‐CD, L4b) or colon‐predominant CD (C‐CD, L2 and/or colon‐predominant L3).What is New?

Exome sequencing in a unique family refined CD location‐specific networks: SB‐CD: SVEP1, DSG1 SNPs were most discriminatory.
C‐CD: ACACB, PDCD6IP SNPs were most discriminatory.
A Case of Anti‐TNFα Therapies Induced Lupus Panniculitis Successfully Improved With a JAK Inhibitor (Baricitinib)
Authors: Grechin Cristina , Doheny Jane , Pilson Keith , Howard Donough , Roche Muireann 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTLupus erythematosus panniculitis (LEP) is a rare variant of cutaneous lupus erythematosus (1%–3% of CLE). There are two case reports to date in the literature of LEP potentially triggered by anti‐TNF‐α therapies. Clinically, it is characterised by tender, erythematous subcutaneous indurated nodules or plaques on fatty body areas. It can occur frequently alone or in combination with systemic erythematous lupus or discoid lupus. The pathogenic mechanism of anti‐TNF‐α therapies induced lupus panniculitis is not well understood. Our case report and literature review highlight that anti‐TNF‐α therapies can induce lupus panniculitis, especially in the rheumatoid arthritis cohort of patients.
Pain‐related fear induces aberrant drop jump landing biomechanics in healthy and anterior cruciate ligament reconstructed females
Authors: Dudley Robert I. , Lohman Everett B. , Gharibvand Lida , Patterson Christopher S. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractPurposeRupture of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is a prevalent and debilitating injury typically arising from aberrant biomechanics during landing or deceleration tasks. Pain‐related fear, a component of kinesiophobia, has been associated with poor functional outcomes and altered movement patterns in individuals with ACL reconstruction (ACLr), however, the influence of pain‐related fear on landing mechanics remains unclear. The purpose of this investigation was to examine the effects of pain‐related fear on landing movement patterns in a population of ACLr and healthy females.MethodsThirty‐two females (15 recreationally active with a history of ACLr and 17 recreationally active with no history of ACLr) took part. Participants performed five trials of a drop jump (DJ) task (Baseline), underwent a pain stimulus (PS) familiarization task utilizing an electrical stimulus to induce pain‐related fear, and performed a subsequent round of DJs while under threat of PS (PS‐threat). Lower extremity and trunk kinematics, ground reaction force (GRF) data and muscle activation were analyzed.ResultsAt baseline, ACLr participants scored higher (21 ± 5.5) on the TSK‐11 compared to healthy participants (17 ± 3.4) (p = 0.007). For both groups, the PS intervention significantly increased pain‐related fear (ACLr p < 0.001; Healthy p < 0.001). When comparing baseline to PS‐threat trials, ACLr participants experienced a significant increase in peak GRF (p = 0.005), decreases in hip (p = 0.003) and knee (p = 0.005) flexion, decreased contact time (p = 0.006) and decreased muscle preactivation for all muscles tested (p < 0.05). Healthy participants experienced significant increases in peak GRF (p = 0.014) and decreased hip (p = 0.005) and trunk peak (p = 0.004) flexion.ConclusionsPain‐related fear alters landing biomechanics in healthy and ACLr females. This may implicate pain‐related fear as a contributor to movement alterations commonly associated with ACL injury risk.Level of EvidenceLevel III.
High‐Bit‐Efficiency TOPS Optical Tensor Convolutional Accelerator Using Microcombs
Authors: Chen Shifan , Zheng Yixuan , Xu Yifu , Zhu Xiaotian , Huang Sirui , Wang Shuai , Xu Xiaoyan , Xia Chengzhuo , Liu Zhihui , Huang Chaoran , Morandotti Roberto , Chu Sai T. , Little Brent E. , Liu Yuyang , Bai Yunping , Moss David J. , Xu Xingyuan , Xu Kun 
Published: February 2025

AbstractTensor convolution is a fundamental operation in convolutional neural networks, especially for processing tensors, which are prevalent in real‐world applications. Current methods often convert tensor convolutions into matrix multiplications, leading to data replication, additional memory usage and increased hardware complexity. Here, a high‐bit‐efficiency optical tensor convolution accelerator with reduced data redundancy and lower memory consumption is presented. The bit‐efficiency of the optical tensor convolution accelerator is first explored, significantly improving its effective computing power by utilizing the spatial dimension. Consequently, the optical tensor convolutional accelerator operates at speeds exceeding 3 Tera Operations Per Second (TOPS)—the fastest single‐kernel optical convolutional accelerator to date, to the best of authors' knowledge. Its performance is validated on handwritten digit recognition and histopathologic cancer detection tasks, achieving 93.8% and 77% accuracy, respectively, closely matching in‐silico results. This approach simultaneously multiplexes the physical dimensions—wavelength, time, and space—and leverages the parallelism and high throughput of light, enabling efficient optical processing of tensor data with significant computational power.
Multimodality Brain Imaging Markers in Progressive Supranuclear Palsy Subtypes and Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Pillai Kanchana Soman , Rajeswari Parvathy , Kamble Ravindra B. , Gopalan Nair Santhamma Shagos , Chacko Manas , Jayakrishnan Vijay , Ramachandran Ranjini , Avarachan Ayana , Kishore Asha 
Published: February 2025

AbstractBackgroundThe new classification of progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) subtypes necessitates identifying radiological biomarkers to support the clinical diagnosis.ObjectiveThe goal was to test if magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) morphometry, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), susceptibility‐weighted imaging (SWI), or [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose (18FFDG)‐positron emission tomography (PET) differentiates PSP subtypes from each other or Parkinson's disease (PD).MethodsMidbrain/pons (M/P) area ratio, middle/superior cerebellar peduncle (MCP/SCP) width ratio, magnetic resonance parkinsonism indices (MRPI and MRPI2) and midbrain antero‐posterior (AP) diameter were measured. Region of interest‐based DTI, SWI, and 18FFDG‐PET analyses were performed.ResultsFour PSP subtypes (n = 85) and 24 PD were studied. MRI morphometry and DTI could differentiate PSP‐Richardson syndrome (PSP‐RS) from PSP‐parkinsonism, PSP‐postural instability, and PD (area under curve >0.7). SWI did not differentiate among PSP subtypes or PD. 18FFDG‐PET distinguished PSP from PD.ConclusionsMRI morphometry and DTI differentiated PSP‐RS from the other common PSP subtypes and PD and may be tested as a radiological marker of PSP‐RS in larger studies.
MPRAGElike: A novel approach to generate T1w images from multi‐contrast gradient echo images for brain segmentation
Authors: Fortin Marc‐Antoine , Stirnberg Rüdiger , Völzke Yannik , Lamalle Laurent , Pracht Eberhard , Löwen Daniel , Stöcker Tony , Goa Pål Erik 
Published: February 2025

AbstractPurposeBrain segmentation and multi‐parameter mapping (MPM) are important steps in neurodegenerative disease characterization. However, acquiring both a high‐resolution T1w sequence like MPRAGE (standard input to brain segmentation) and an MPM in the same neuroimaging protocol increases scan time and patient discomfort, making it difficult to combine both in clinical examinations.MethodsA novel approach to synthesize T1w images from MPM images, named MPRAGElike, is proposed and compared to the standard technique used to produce synthetic MPRAGE images (synMPRAGE). Twenty‐three healthy subjects were scanned with the same imaging protocol at three different 7T sites using universal parallel transmit RF pulses. SNR, CNR, and automatic brain segmentation results from both MPRAGElike and synMPRAGE were compared against an acquired MPRAGE.ResultsThe proposed MPRAGElike technique produced higher SNR values than synMPRAGE for all regions evaluated while also having higher CNR values for subcortical structures. MPRAGE was still the image with the highest SNR values overall. For automatic brain segmentation, MPRAGElike outperformed synMPRAGE when compared to MPRAGE (median Dice Similarity Coefficient of 0.90 versus 0.29 and Average Asymmetric Surface Distance of 0.33 versus 2.93 mm, respectively), in addition to being simple, flexible, and considerably more robust to low image quality than synMPRAGE.ConclusionThe MPRAGElike technique can provide a better and more reliable alternative to synMPRAGE as a substitute for MPRAGE, especially when automatic brain segmentation is of interest and scan time is limited.
In vitro α–Glucosidase Inhibition, Cytotoxicity, SAR, Swiss ADME Prediction and Molecular Docking Study of New N–Substituted Hydantoin Derivatives
Authors: Tshiluka Ndivhuwo R. , Mbedzi Dakalo T. , Bvumbi Mpelegeng V. , Mnyakeni‐Moleele Simon S. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractDiabetes is a chronic metabolic disorder affecting about 463 million people globally. α‐Glucosidase (EC.3.2.1.20) inhibitors are among the FDA‐approved oral anti‐diabetic medications used to treat type 2 diabetes. In search of new potential α‐glucosidase inhibitors, fifteen of our previously synthesized hydantoin derivatives 8 a–o were evaluated for their antidiabetic activity. All compounds 8 a–o showed weak α‐glucosidase inhibition at 10, 50 and 100 μM. However, at 200 μM, compound 8 o was the most potent among the series followed by compounds 8 a, 8 d, 8 l and 8 n exhibiting moderate inhibition. The established SAR depended upon the exchange of methyl with methoxy and dioxole derivatives at positions 3 and 4 of the phenyl ring. Cytotoxicity studies revealed that most of the compounds have no cytotoxic effect. Furthermore, Swiss ADME predictions of compounds 8 a, 8 d, 8 i, 8 l and 8 o showed high gastrointestinal intestinal absorption required for intestinal absorption of any drug. Most compounds did not obey drug‐likeness character since they violated Ghose and Veber rules with MW>350 and rotors>11. Molecular docking was carried out to investigate the binding interaction of compounds with the active site of α‐glucosidase. The results correlated well with those of the experimental, thereby contributing towards the development of new α‐glucosidase inhibitors.
Progress in Aptamer Research and Future Applications
Authors: Liu Song , Li Xiaolu , Gao Huyang , Chen Jing , Jiang Hongfeng 
Published: February 2025

AbstractAptamers are short, single‐stranded DNA, RNA or synthetic XNA molecules that bind to target molecules with high specificity and affinity. These intrinsically structured RNA or DNA oligonucleotides are not only substitutes for antibodies, but also show great potential for applications in diagnostics, specific drug delivery, and treatment of certain diseases. While the process of aptamer identification and its core functional mechanism known as systematic evolution of exponentially enriched ligands (SELEX), SELEX involves a number of single processes, each contributing to the success or failure of aptamer generation. Today, aptamers are widely used to facilitate basic research discoveries and clinical diagnostics. In addition, aptamers play a promising role as clinical diagnostic and therapeutic agents. This review provides recent advances in this rapidly growing field of research, with special emphasis on aptamer generation and screening, small molecule aptamers, the development of aptamer applications, and applications in clinical medicine. And it also discusses the problems that still exist today with aptamers.
Evaluating the Accuracy of Responses by Large Language Models for Information on Disease Epidemiology
Authors: Zhu Kexin , Zhang Jiajie , Klishin Anton , Esser Mario , Blumentals William A. , Juhaeri Juhaeri , Jouquelet‐Royer Corinne , Sinnott Sarah‐Jo 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTPurposeAccurate background epidemiology of diseases are required in pharmacoepidemiologic research. We evaluated the performance of large language models (LLMs), including ChatGPT‐3.5, ChatGPT‐4, and Google Bard, when prompted with questions on disease frequency.MethodsA total of 21 questions on the prevalence and incidence of common and rare diseases were developed and submitted to each LLM twice on different dates. Benchmark data were obtained from literature searches targeting “gold‐standard” references (e.g., government statistics, peer‐reviewed articles). Accuracy was evaluated by comparing LLMs' responses to the benchmark data. Consistency was determined by comparing the responses to the same query submitted on different dates. The relevance and authenticity of references were evaluated.ResultsThree LLMs generated 126 responses. In ChatGPT‐4, 76.2% of responses were accurate, which was higher compared to 50.0% in Bard and 45.2% in ChatGPT‐3.5. ChatGPT‐4 exhibited higher consistency (71.4%) than Bard (57.9%) or ChatGPT‐3.5 (46.7%). ChatGPT‐4 provided 52 references with 27 (51.9%) providing relevant information, and all were authentic. Only 9.2% (10/109) of references from Bard were relevant. Of 65/109 unique references, 67.7% were authentic, 7.7% provided insufficient information for access, 10.8% provided inaccurate citation, and 13.8% were non‐existent/fabricated. ChatGPT‐3.5 did not provide any references.ConclusionsChatGPT‐4 outperformed in retrieving information on disease epidemiology compared to Bard and ChatGPT‐3.5. However, all three LLMs presented inaccurate responses, including irrelevant, incomplete, or fabricated references. Such limitations preclude the utility of the current forms of LLMs in obtaining accurate disease epidemiology by researchers in the pharmaceutical industry, in academia, or in the regulatory setting.
Evaluating the Role of High‐Dimensional Proxy Data in Confounding Adjustment in Multiple Sclerosis Research: A Case Study
Authors: Karim Mohammad Ehsanul , Hossain Md. Belal , Ng Huah Shin , Zhu Feng , Frank Hanna A. , Tremlett Helen 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTPurposeGiven the historical use of limited confounders in multiple sclerosis (MS) studies utilizing administrative health data, this brief report evaluates the impact of incorporating high‐dimensional proxy information on confounder adjustment in MS research. We have implemented high‐dimensional propensity score (hdPS) and high‐dimensional disease risk score (hdDRS) methods to assess changes in effect estimates for the association between disease‐modifying drugs (DMDs) and all‐cause mortality in an MS cohort from British Columbia (BC), Canada.MethodsWe conducted a population‐based retrospective study using linked administrative databases from BC, including health insurance registries, demographics, physician visits, hospitalizations, prescriptions, and vital statistics. The cohort comprised 19 360 individuals with MS, followed from January 1, 1996, to December 31, 2017. DMD exposure was defined as at least 180 days of use for beta‐interferon or glatiramer acetate, or at least 90 days for other DMDs. The outcome was time to all‐cause mortality. We compared Cox proportional hazards models adjusting for investigator‐specified covariates with those incorporating additional empirical covariates using hdPS and hdDRS methods.ResultsIn the unadjusted analysis, DMD exposure was associated with a 69% lower risk of mortality (HR 0.31; 95% CI: 0.27–0.36). Adjusting for investigator‐specified covariates, the adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) was 0.76 (95% CI: 0.65–0.89). HdPS analyses showed a 20%–23% lower mortality risk (aHRs: 0.77 to 0.80), while hdDRS analyses indicated a 19%–21% reduction (aHRs: 0.79 to 0.81).ConclusionsIncorporating high‐dimensional proxy information resulted in minor variations in effect estimates compared to traditional covariate adjustment. These findings suggest that the impact of residual confounding in the question under consideration may be modest. Further research should explore additional data dimensions and replicate these findings across different datasets.
Effect of Flexible Plasma Pad on HaCaT Cells and Bacteria
Authors: Ding Chenglong , Sun Zhidan , Wang Yuhan , Zhou Han , Huang Qing , Song Wencheng 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTDielectric barrier discharge (DBD) is a method that promotes wound healing. This study designed a flexible plasma pad with a polyimide film as the dielectric layer and patterned copper foil as the ground electrode. The flexible plasma pad was used to treat normal skin cells and bacteria at the wound site. Cell viability, intracellular and extracellular active substances, and Western blot analysis indicated that LTP can activate the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, decrease E‐Cadherin expression, and promote HaCaT cell proliferation. It exhibits antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The results of this study suggest that this plasma pad is an efficient device for treating wounds and bacterial infections.
Compost amendments up to one inch restore dry rangeland soil health
Authors: Stricker Eva , Cornell Emily , Withers Zach 
Published: February 2025

Societal Impact StatementRangelands harbor immense diversity and provide ecosystem services across vast swaths of land while supporting rural economies and the food system, but degraded rangelands may require active management to restore diversity and function. We added varying amounts of compost to understand if there are linear or saturating effects on vegetation and soil characteristics. We found linear effects on water movement and soil carbon, but little effect on vegetation community or abundance. Our results provide guidance for grassland managers to make cost–benefit analyses for using compost in their own situations.Summary
Dry rangelands systems coproduce food and other ecosystem services, but degradation of productivity, diversity, and water holding capacity may require active intervention to restore function. Compost amendments on grasslands have improved vegetation, soil carbon, and water characteristics, but practitioners lack guidance of optimal use to meet their management goals.
We compared surface‐dressed compost additions up to 2.5 cm at two ranches in New Mexico, USA, and measured plant composition and biomass, soil bulk density, hydraulic conductivity, aggregate stability, and total carbon content (0–10 cm depth) up to two years after addition. We used model selection to determine if response relationships with compost amount were supported, linear, or non‐linear.
We found that 2.5 cm compost additions nearly doubled litter cover after two years. Soil carbon increased linearly with compost depth, with the 2.5 cm depth nearly doubling carbon content compared to control after two years. Hydraulic conductivity increased linearly with compost depth in the first year at one site. Other variables showed little response to compost.
Overall, we did not identify strong saturating responses over this range of compost additions. Our results provide guidance for land stewards to assess their resources and management goals to optimize compost addition to build rangeland soil health.