bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advancing Diagnostics and Patient Care: The Role of Biomarkers in Radiology
Authors: Sebro Ronnie 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe integration of biomarkers into medical practice has revolutionized the field of radiology, allowing for enhanced diagnostic accuracy, personalized treatment strategies, and improved patient care outcomes. This review offers radiologists a comprehensive understanding of the diverse applications of biomarkers in medicine. By elucidating the fundamental concepts, challenges, and recent advancements in biomarker utilization, it will serve as a bridge between the disciplines of radiology and epidemiology. Through an exploration of various biomarker types, such as imaging biomarkers, molecular biomarkers, and genetic markers, I outline their roles in disease detection, prognosis prediction, and therapeutic monitoring. I also discuss the significance of robust study designs, blinding, power and sample size calculations, performance metrics, and statistical methodologies in biomarker research. By fostering collaboration between radiologists, statisticians, and epidemiologists, I hope to accelerate the translation of biomarker discoveries into clinical practice, ultimately leading to improved patient care.
Biomarkers of Cartilage Composition
Authors: Löffler Maximilian T. , Akkaya Zehra , Bhattacharjee Rupsa , Link Thomas M. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has significantly advanced the understanding of osteoarthritis (OA) because it enables visualization of noncalcified tissues. Cartilage is avascular and nurtured by diffusion, so it has a very low turnover and limited capabilities of repair. Consequently, prevention of structural and detection of premorphological damage is key in maintaining cartilage health. The integrity of cartilage composition and ultrastructure determines its mechanical properties but is not accessible to morphological imaging. Therefore, various techniques of compositional MRI with and without use of intravenous contrast medium have been developed. Spin-spin relaxation time (T2) and spin-lattice relaxation time constant in rotating frame (T1rho) mapping, the most studied cartilage biomarkers, were included in the recent standardization effort by the Quantitative Imaging Biomarkers Alliance (QIBA) that aims to make compositional MRI of cartilage clinically feasible and comparable. Additional techniques that are less frequently used include ultrashort echo time with T2*, delayed gadolinium-enhanced MRI of cartilage (dGEMRIC), glycosaminoglycan concentration by chemical exchange-dependent saturation transfer (gagCEST), sodium imaging, and diffusion-weighted MRI.
Bone Biomarkers Based on Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Jerban Saeed , Jang Hyungseok , Chang Eric Y. , Bukata Susan , Du Jiang , Chung Christine B. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is increasingly used to evaluate the microstructural and compositional properties of bone. MRI-based biomarkers can characterize all major compartments of bone: organic, water, fat, and mineral components. However, with a short apparent spin-spin relaxation time (T2*), bone is invisible to conventional MRI sequences that use long echo times. To address this shortcoming, ultrashort echo time MRI sequences have been developed to provide direct imaging of bone and establish a set of MRI-based biomarkers sensitive to the structural and compositional changes of bone. This review article describes the MRI-based bone biomarkers representing total water, pore water, bound water, fat fraction, macromolecular fraction in the organic matrix, and surrogates for mineral density. MRI-based morphological bone imaging techniques are also briefly described.
Imaging Biomarkers of Osteoarthritis
Authors: Roemer Frank W. , Wirth Wolfgang , Demehri Shadpour , Kijowski Richard , Jarraya Mohamed , Hayashi Daichi , Eckstein Felix , Guermazi Ali 
Published: February 2024

AbstractCurrently no disease-modifying osteoarthritis drug has been approved for the treatment of osteoarthritis (OA) that can reverse, hold, or slow the progression of structural damage of OA-affected joints. The reasons for failure are manifold and include the heterogeneity of structural disease of the OA joint at trial inclusion, and the sensitivity of biomarkers used to measure a potential treatment effect.This article discusses the role and potential of different imaging biomarkers in OA research. We review the current role of radiography, as well as advances in quantitative three-dimensional morphological cartilage assessment and semiquantitative whole-organ assessment of OA. Although magnetic resonance imaging has evolved as the leading imaging method in OA research, recent developments in computed tomography are also discussed briefly. Finally, we address the experience from the Foundation for the National Institutes of Health Biomarker Consortium biomarker qualification study and the future role of artificial intelligence.
Fonctionnement et évolution de deux paires de marqueurs romans formés sur le verbe
dire
Authors: Álvarez-Prendes Emma 
Published: February 2024

Résumé
L’analyse en synchronie et en diachronie de deux paires de marqueurs romans formés sur le verbe
dire (cela dit / ceci dit, dicho esto / dicho eso) a
révélé d’importantes similitudes et divergences entre eux. D’une part, ils ont été formés à partir du même moule linguistique,
partagent les mêmes possibilités distributionnelles et combinatoires et peuvent avoir les mêmes valeurs sémantiques. D’autre part,
la date d’émergence de ces marqueurs ainsi que celle du développement de leur valeurs sémantiques secondaires, ou encore la
répartition de ces valeurs en fonction de la position syntaxique, sont très différentes selon le marqueur considéré.
Normalizing assimilation in antiracist (con)texts and (re)producing liquid racism
Authors: Serafis Dimitris 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This chapter aims to show how liquid racism (Weaver 2016) emerges
when assimilationist viewpoints are argumentatively normalized in mainstream (right- and left-wing) political-parliamentary
discourses in Greece. I analyze two seminal speeches given by two Greek political leaders, namely PM Kyriakos Mitsotakis (New
Democracy; European Peoples’ Party) and Opposition leader, Alexis Tsipras (SYRIZA; European Left), on October 31, 2019, in the
Greek parliament; that is, the very day of the vote in favor of the bill proposed by the Ministry of Citizen’s Protection,
which outlined the terms according to which international protection would be awarded by the Greek authorities to ‘foreign’
populations. I draw on the framework of Critical Discourse Studies (Wodak and Meyer
2016), employing tools from Social Semiotics (van Leeuwen 2008) and the
Argumentum Model of Topics (Rigotti and Greco 2019) to critically examine
standpoint-argument couplings inferred in the discursive representations of social actors and realized in the relevant
speeches. I conclude that the two Greek politicians under study converge to claims in favor of the assimilation of migrant
populations to the Greek context and therefore (re)produce liquid racism, despite their seemingly antiracist attitude and
their different ideological and political stance.
“The EU gave us a new beginning”
Authors: Giaxoglou Korina , Spilioti Tereza 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
In this chapter, we trace subtle forms of racism, known as liquid racism (Weaver 2010), in a personal experience story of a migrant’s journey, curated as part
of a communication campaign about the European Union (EU). Our analysis of the story is based on the examination of its
structure (emergence), its production and reception (wholeness) and its curation
(embedding; De Fina 2020) in relation to tellers’ and
audiences’ affective positioning (Giaxoglou 2021a), that is, the
ways in which tellers position themselves and others affectively within the taleworld, the storyrealm, and broader
master-discourses. We trace liquid racism in the way the migrant’s experience is commodified and in the way his experience is
collectivized, promoting an exemplary image of a ‘good’ and ‘grateful’ migrant. The chapter contributes a critical
approach to storytelling that can prove useful in tracing liquid racism emerging from the production of ambiguous
affective positions in antiracist narrative texts.
Racist and antiracist discourse in Greek migrant/refugee jokes
Authors: Tsami Vasia , Skoura Eirini , Archakis Argiris 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Following the multiliteracies model (Kalantzis and
Cope 2012a), we design a critical teaching proposal focusing on migrant/refugee jokes. Although these jokes have an
antiracist intention, they end up reproducing racist views, bringing to the surface a modern and subtle kind of racism, i.e.
liquid racism (Weaver 2016). The aim of the analysis of such
texts in class is to enable students to identify how and why ‘antiracist’ jokes can (re)produce racist values and views, such
as the assimilation and deprecation of migrants/refugees, in an amusing and seemingly innocent manner. The critical teaching
of humor and discussions about racism, antiracism, and liquid racism in class could contribute to the deconstruction of
established conceptualizations of migrant/refugee populations, thus reinforcing different and antagonistic views to the
hegemonic racist discourse.
A generalized data assimilation architecture of digital twin for complex process industrial systems
Authors: Zhao Yanbo , Jiang Haonan , Cai Yuanli , Deng Yifan 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
As one of the critical cores of digital twin (DT), data assimilation (DA) can maintain consistency and synchronization between DT and physical system. Kalman filtering is a common DA method, but its estimation performance is deteriorated by factors such as model inaccuracy and time-varying noise covariance in practical applications. The errors caused by these multiple uncertainties are all coupled to the measurements, which augments the difficulty for DT to obtain physical system information. In order to tackle the DA problem with multiple uncertainties, this paper proposes a generalized DA architecture for DT in sophisticated process industry. First, by combining Stein variational gradient descent and nonlinear Bayesian filtering paradigm, a recursive estimation framework is established, which has higher accuracy in estimating the noise covariance compared to traditional methods. Second, to effectively deal with model inaccuracy by using filtering residuals containing time-varying noise, we propose a neural network and modified wavelet-based model error compensation (NNMW-MEC) block. Based on the modified wavelet technique, the filtering residual denoising built in NNMW-MEC can better cope with time-varying noise compared to existing wavelets, and extract the low-frequency signal involving model error information from noisy residual smoothly. In addition, because of the neural network-based state-compensation subblock, NNMW-MEC has more outstanding ability in compensating the state deviations with large changing range. Finally, we take the boiler system in a coal-fired power plant as an example to verify the effectiveness of our architecture. Experimental results show that the DA architecture proposed in this paper can improve the estimation performance of DT under inaccurate models and uncertain noise statistics.
Australian teachers’ perspectives of two distinct physics curriculum paradigms
Authors: Georgiou Helen , Abraham Jessy 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
In New South Wales (NSW), Australia, since 2019, senior high school students have been experiencing a transformed Physics syllabus. This syllabus takes a ‘back to basics’ approach where core principles and problem solving are prioritised, and was a response to the earlier syllabus, which was much more contextual, including the history of ideas and technologies and a wide range of ‘option’ topics. This earlier syllabus (2001–2018) attracted significant attention for straying away from ‘real’ physics, for including too much ‘sociology’, for being ‘dumbed down’ and ‘feminised’. Four years on, NSW teachers share their perspectives on some of the most well-publicised and contentious views on the new syllabus. Teachers mostly agreed that the new syllabus was more ‘rigorous’, higher quality and more mathematical; they also generally enjoyed teaching the subject. However, there were also some disagreements amongst the teachers, such as whether the new syllabus excluded certain groups of students and whether the aims of the syllabus in achieving ‘depth’, were met.
Compact fiber microsphere coupling system and its temperature response characteristics
Authors: Dang Hongtao , Tian Ruixin , Wang Yixiang , Li Jin 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The compact and free-stand fiber-microsphere system was established to produce the whispering gallery modes (WGMs). In this system, the BaTiO3 microsphere in the diameter of ∼73 μm was placed and fixed in an air cone, which was prepared by cascade-splicing and tapering a single mode fiber with a hollow core fiber. Either the wavelength or the intensity of the reflected spectra changes as function of the environmental temperature. The corresponding sensitivities were determined to be 9.75 pm/°C and −0.0133 dBm/°C, respectively, during 30 °C–70 °C. The proposed composite fiber WGMs system is compact, stable, moveable, easily-integrated and flexibly-adjustable, which will pave its promising potential way to developing the novel biochemical probes with high performance.
Nonlinear vibration and amplitude ratio output performance of a resonant micro-gyroscope based on bifurcation detection
Authors: Hao Shuying , Li Jiawen , Zhang Kunpeng 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we design a 3-degree-of-freedom (3-DOF) nonlinear resonant micro-gyroscope, which innovatively utilizes the bifurcation phenomenon of the nonlinear resonant beam as a detection method and uses the amplitude ratio before and after bifurcation as the sensitivity output of the system. The steady-state response of the driving equation is first solved by the complex exponential method. Coriolis force is amplified by the lever mechanism and transmitted to the axial direction of the resonant beam. The dimensions of the resonant beam are designed so that the frequency of Coriolis force is in a 2:1 relationship with the natural frequency of the resonant beam to enhance the parametric excitation effect. Subsequently, Hamilton principle and Galerkin method are used to derive and discretize the dynamical equations of the resonant beam containing axial force, respectively. The multi-scale method is used to perturbation analysis of discrete equations. Finally, the bifurcation characteristics and the amplitude-frequency response with different input angular velocities are studied. The results show that the comprehensive performance of the micro-gyroscope system using backward frequency sweep (BFS) is better than forward frequency sweep (FFS). Furthermore, by using the BFS, the relative sensitivity of the nonlinear resonant micro-gyroscope based on the amplitude ratio variation rises by about 168 times compared with that based on the frequency variation in the linear case. In addition, when considering the input angular velocity with the same magnitude but different directions, the bifurcation frequency of resonant beam is closely related to the direction of the input angular velocity, and the direction of the input angular velocity can be further identified by utilizing this phenomenon.
Controllable step-flow growth of GaN on patterned freestanding substrate
Authors: Wu Peng , Liu Jianping , Hu Lei , Ren Xiaoyu , Tian Aiqin , Zhou Wei , Zhang Fan , Li Xuan , Ikeda Masao , Yang Hui 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
A new kind of step-flow growth mode is proposed, which adopts sidewall as step source on patterned GaN substrate. The terrace width of steps originated from the sidewall was found to change with the growth temperature and ammonia flux. The growth mechanism is explained and simulated based on step motion model. This work helps better understand the behaviors of step advancement and puts forward a method of precisely modulating atomic steps.
The physical logic of protein machines
Authors: McBride John M , Tlusty Tsvi 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Proteins are intricate molecular machines whose complexity arises from the heterogeneity of the amino acid building blocks and their dynamic network of many-body interactions. These nanomachines gain function when put in the context of a whole organism through interaction with other inhabitants of the biological realm. And this functionality shapes their evolutionary histories through intertwined paths of selection and adaptation. Recent advances in machine learning have solved the decades-old problem of how protein sequence determines their structure. However, the ultimate question regarding the basic logic of protein machines remains open: how does the collective physics of proteins lead to their functionality? and how does a sequence encode the full range of dynamics and chemical interactions that facilitate function? Here, we explore these questions within a physical approach that treats proteins as mechano-chemical machines, which are adapted to function via concerted evolution of structure, motion, and chemical interactions.
Fast Fabrication of Superhydrophobic Copper Alloy Fabricated by Commercial Fiber Laser-1062 nm and Stability of Superhydrophobic Surface
Authors: Haryono M B , Lin K W Y , Thant K K S , Subannajui K , Waritanant T 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
We present a fast, straightforward fabrication method to produce stable superhydrophobic copper alloy surfaces. The technique consists of irradiating copper with a fiber laser and then coating the surface with ethanol. The laser ablation generates surface morphology on the copper surfaces, such as line and grid patterns. We can modify the wetting properties and surface morphology by changing the step size. We assessed the change of the water contact angle on the raw surface, laser-based textures after natural aging, and laser-based textures post-low annealing. After that, we measured the stability of the water contact angle till 120 days. After low annealing heat treatment, water contact angles on grid pattern surfaces have superhydrophobic surfaces and are more stable till 120 days.
Photoluminescence and photovoltaic properties of cesium lead bromide nanocrystals with linoleic acid ligand
Authors: Rizki Yandri Valdi , Debora Rima , Asma Nurunnizar Adhita , Wulandari Priastuti , Maulani Nursam Natalita , Hidayat Rahmat , Yamashita Yoshiyuki 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Cesium lead bromide (CsPbBr3) nanocrystals (NCs) were synthesized using the ligand-assisted reprecipitation (LARP) method, with linoleic acid (LA) and oleylamine (OlAm) as ligands. The crystal structures of the samples depend on the ligand used in the synthesis. Sample-1, with LA-OlAm as the ligand, showed an orthorhombic crystal structure, whereas Sample-2, with OlAm only, showed a tetragonal crystal structure. These samples exhibited slightly different photoluminescence (PL) characteristics, where the PL peak of Sample-1 appeared at 521.4 nm, whereas the PL peak of Sample-2 appeared at 524.1 nm. Sample-1 showed brighter PL than that of Sample-2. These differences are strongly related to their crystal structures and degree of crystallization, which is also evident from the differences in the chemical states of the Br and Pb ions on the NCs surface, as depicted by the X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) spectra. In addition, despite exhibiting PL characteristics, these CsPbBr3 NCs also exhibit photovoltaic properties.
Enhanced Sensitivity of Magneto-Optical Surface Plasmon Resonance in the FeCu Superlattices
Authors: Arifin M , Suharyadi E , Ahmadi A G C , Nawa K , Nakamura K 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
We demonstrated the sensitivity enhancement for magneto-optical surface plasmon resonance (MOSPR) using noble/ferromagnetic metals multilayers. The proposed structure is based on the Kretschmann configuration in the transverse magneto-optical Kerr effect (TMOKE) methods with the FeCu superlattices (SLs) as magneto-plasmonic materials and gelatin as biomolecules analyte. The dielectric constants of the FeCu SLs are taken from first principles calculation, which is performed by using a full-potential linearized augmented plane wave (FLAPW) method. The important role of the hybridization process in optical transitions has been identified, and it can be modulated by adjusting the thickness of superlattices. The dependence of the reflectivity on the dielectric constant is performed by 4×4 transfer matrix methods. It is found that the minimum reflectivity directly influences the slope of angular spectra, with a maximum slope of TMOKE signal is 12.23/degree. The change in the gelatin’s refractive index results in TMOKE signal response, then the enhancement of the sensitivity of the MOSPR system can be shown.
Localized surface plasmon resonance effect of 3-mercaptopropionic acid capped on silver nanoparticles for sensing probe application
Authors: Rahayu Setiya , Labiba Alifah , Herman  , Wulandari Priastuti 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Metal nanoparticles such as gold and silver are often used in various nanotechnology applications due to the localized plasmon resonance effect that occurs when incident photons interact with metal nanoparticles. 3-mercaptopropionic acid (3-MPA) is one of the capping molecules that can be provided for surface functionalization on gold or silver core because it has thiol and carboxylic group as a linking biomolecule, and this allows the use of nanoparticles for biosensor applications. In this study, we successfully synthesized silver nanoparticles capped by 3-mercaptopropionic acid (AgMPA) by use of two kinds of methods i.e ligand exchange and direct reduction, which reveal the unique characteristic plasmonic peaks of AgNP around 430 nm and 436 nm, respectively with spherical shape of AgNP and diameter size about 6-20 nm. The transmittance spectra from Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) measurement shows that S-H coordination from 3-MPA is invisible after 3-MPA attach on Ag core due to the strong coordination between Ag and the sulfur (S) ion, while the broaden peaks at 1589 and 1385 cm-1 for AgMPA are assigned to asymmetric and symmetric vibrations of carboxylate groups which overlap between carboxylate from citrate and 3-MPA. Finally, the colorimetric detection using AgCA and AgMPA as sensing probe was carried out by use of Biocytin-Avidin system molecule as analyte, which resulted in the colour changed rapidly from yellow to transparent-yellow and the red-shifted of absorbance spectra indicating the attachment of analyte to functionalized molecule of our synthesized AgCA and AgMPA.
Lessons learned while developing the Serenity-S1 ATCA card
Authors: Mehner T. , Ardila-Perez L.E. , Balzer M. , Fedi G. , Fuchs M. , Howard A. , Iles G. , Loutit M. , Mansbridge S. , Palla F. , Parker D. , Pesaresi M. , Rose A. , Saleh M. , Sander O. , Schleicher M. , Strohman C. , Tcherniakhovski D. , Williams T. , Zhao J. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The Serenity-S1 is a production-optimised Advanced Telecommunications Computing
Architecture (ATCA) processing blade based on the AMD Xilinx Virtex Ultrascale+ device. It
incorporates many developments from the Serenity-A and Serenity-Z prototype cards and, where
possible, adopts solutions being used across CERN. Due to the shortage of components during the
recent semiconductor crisis, commonly used components in the prototypes had to be replaced by new
ones after qualification. In this work, we discuss various improvements to simplify
manufacturing, the performance of new components, some of the more difficult aspects of
procurement, the performance of production-grade Samtec 25 Gb/s optical firefly parts, and
concerns regarding the rack cooling infrastructure.