bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
5-Keto-
d
-Gluconate Production Is Catalyzed by a Quinoprotein Glycerol Dehydrogenase, Major Polyol Dehydrogenase, in
Gluconobacter
Species
Authors: Matsushita Kazunobu , Fujii Yoshikazu , Ano Yoshitaka , Toyama Hirohide , Shinjoh Masako , Tomiyama Noribumi , Miyazaki Taro , Sugisawa Teruhide , Hoshino Tatsuo , Adachi Osao 
Published: April 2003

ABSTRACT

Acetic acid bacteria, especially
Gluconobacter
species, have been known to catalyze the extensive oxidation of sugar alcohols (polyols) such as
d
-mannitol, glycerol,
d
-sorbitol, and so on.
Gluconobacter
species also oxidize sugars and sugar acids and uniquely accumulate two different keto-
d
-gluconates, 2-keto-
d
-gluconate and 5-keto-
d
-gluconate, in the culture medium by the oxidation of
d
-gluconate. However, there are still many controversies regarding their enzyme systems, especially on
d
-sorbitol and also
d
-gluconate oxidations. Recently, pyrroloquinoline quinone-dependent quinoprotein
d
-arabitol dehydrogenase and
d
-sorbitol dehydrogenase have been purified from
G. suboxydans
, both of which have similar and broad substrate specificity towards several different polyols. In this study, both quinoproteins were shown to be identical based on their immuno-cross-reactivity and also on gene disruption and were suggested to be the same as the previously isolated glycerol dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.99.22). Thus, glycerol dehydrogenase is the major polyol dehydrogenase involved in the oxidation of almost all sugar alcohols in
Gluconobacter
sp. In addition, the so-called quinoprotein glycerol dehydrogenase was also uniquely shown to oxidize
d
-gluconate, which was completely different from flavoprotein
d
-gluconate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.99.3), which is involved in the production of 2-keto-
d
-gluconate. The gene disruption experiment and the reconstitution system of the purified enzyme in this study clearly showed that the production of 5-keto-
d
-gluconate in
G. suboxydans
is solely dependent on the quinoprotein glycerol dehydrogenase.
Interstrain Inhibition in the Sweet Potato PathogenStreptomyces ipomoeae: Purification and Characterization of a Highly Specific Bacteriocin and Cloning of Its Structural Gene
Authors: Zhang Xiujun , Clark Christopher A. , Pettis Gregg S. 
Published: April 2003

ABSTRACTStrains of the sweet potato soil rot pathogenStreptomyces ipomoeaehad previously been divided into three groups based on their ability to inhibit one another during pairwise cocultivation. While group I strains are not antagonistic to members of the other groups, group II and group III strains produce separate substances that are inhibitory to strains outside their respective cognate groups. Here, we purified the group III inhibitory substance from the culture supernatant of a representative strain and found that it consists of a single 10-kDa cationic protein which is bacteriolytic forS. ipomoeaegroup I and II strains but which showed no inhibitory function against other streptomycetes or other bacterial genera tested. The structural gene for the inhibitor was cloned from a chromosomal library of the producing strain, and while the gene sequence revealed that the inhibitor is initially made in a larger precursor form, the deduced mature protein showed no significant homology to other known proteins. Our results demonstrate thatS. ipomoeaegroup III inhibitory activity is manifested in the form of a highly specific, potentially novel bacteriocin, which we have designated ipomicin.
Selection and Identification of a
Listeria monocytogenes
Target Strain for Pulsed Electric Field Process Optimization
Authors: Lado Beatrice H. , Yousef Ahmed E. 
Published: April 2003

ABSTRACT

Nine
Listeria monocytogenes
strains were treated individually with a continuous pulsed electric field (PEF) apparatus, and their sensitivities to the treatment were compared at 25 kV/cm. When cell suspensions of these strains in 0.1% NaCl (pH 7.0) were treated at 23°C for 144 μs, inactivation ranged from 0.7 to 3.7 log
10
CFU/ml. Inactivation by 72-μs PEF treatments at 37°C ranged from 0.3 to 2.5 log
10
CFU/ml.
L. monocytogenes
OSY-8578 was substantially more resistant than other strains when cells were PEF treated in 0.1% NaCl, whereas Scott A was one of the most sensitive strains. The superiority of OSY-8578's resistance to that of Scott A was confirmed in 50% diluted acid whey (pH 4.2). Changes in sensitivity to PEF during phases of growth were minimal in OSY-8578 and substantial in Scott A. Use of
L. monocytogenes
OSY-8578, therefore, is recommended in studies to optimize PEF processes that target
L. monocytogenes
. The nine
L. monocytogenes
strains were genotyped with pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and arbitrarily primed PCR (AP-PCR) techniques. These strains were better differentiated with PFGE than with AP-PCR. The target strain (OSY-8578) was characterized by both molecular typing techniques, but resistance to PEF, in general, was not associated with a particular genotype group.
Real-Time Reverse Transcription-PCR Analysis of Expression of Halobenzoate and Salicylate Catabolism-Associated Operons in Two Strains of
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Corbella M. E. , Puyet A. 
Published: April 2003

ABSTRACT

Pseudomonas aeruginosa
JB2 can use 2-chlorobenzoate (2-CBa), 3-CBa, 2,3-dichlorobenzoate (2,3-DCBa), and 2,5-DCBa as sole carbon and energy sources, whereas strain 142 can only grow on 2-CBa and 2,4-DCBa. Both strains, however, harbor the same halobenzoate 1,2-dioxygenase (
ohbAB
) and chlorocatechol (
clcABD
) degradation genes necessary for the metabolism of
ortho
-CBas. In addition, the
hybABCD
operon, encoding a salicylate 5-hydroxylase, is also found in both strains. The expression of
ohbAB
,
hybABCD
, and
clcABD
operons was measured in cultures grown on different CBas as the sole carbon source and also in glucose-grown cells supplemented with CBas as inducers. A method to standardize real-time reverse transcription-PCR experimental data was used that allows the comparison of semiquantitative mRNA accumulation in different strains and culture conditions. In both strains, the
ohb
and
hyb
systems were induced in cells grown on 2-CBa or DCBas, whereas
clc
was induced only by DCBas. Repression by catabolite was observed both on
ohb
and
clc
systems in glucose-grown cells. Chlorocatechol 1,2-dioxygenase activity in JB2 was detected even in
clc
-repressed conditions, confirming the presence of additional isofunctional genes previously detected in
P. aeruginosa
142. Although similar levels of induction of
ohbAB
were observed in strain JB2 grown on either benzoate, monochlorobenzoates, or DCBas, the
ohbAB
operon of strain 142 was only strongly induced by growth on 2-CBa and, to a lesser extent, on 2,4-DCBa. This observation suggests that regulation of the
ohbAB
operon may be different in both strains. The concomitant induction of
ohb
and
hyb
by CBas may allow the formation of hybrid halobenzoate dioxygenase(s) composed of Ohb/Hyb dioxygenase subunits and Hyb ferredoxin/ferredoxin reductase components.
Engineering
Streptomyces clavuligerus
Deacetoxycephalosporin C Synthase for Optimal Ring Expansion Activity toward Penicillin G
Authors: Wei Chia-Li , Yang Yunn-Bor , Wang Wen-Ching , Liu Wen-Chi , Hsu Jyh-Shing , Tsai Ying-Chieh 
Published: April 2003

ABSTRACT

The deacetoxycephalosporin C synthase (DAOCS) from
Streptomyces clavuligerus
was engineered with the aim of enhancing the conversion of penicillin G into phenylacetyl-7-aminodeacetoxycephalosporanic acid, a precursor of 7-aminodeacetoxycephalosporanic acid, for industrial application. A single round of random mutagenesis followed by the screening of 5,500 clones identified three mutants, G79E, V275I, and C281Y, that showed a two- to sixfold increase in the
k
cat
/

K
m

ratio compared to the wild-type enzyme. Site-directed mutagenesis to modify residues surrounding the substrate resulted in three mutants, N304K, I305L, and I305M, with 6- to 14-fold-increased
k
cat
/

K
m

values. When mutants containing all possible combinations of these six sites were generated to optimize the ring expansion activity for penicillin G, the double mutant, YS67 (V275I, I305M), showed a significant 32-fold increase in the
k
cat
/

K
m

ratio and a 5-fold increase in relative activity for penicillin G, while the triple mutant, YS81 (V275I, C281Y, I305M), showed an even greater 13-fold increase in relative activity toward penicillin G. Our results demonstrate that this is a robust approach to the modification of DAOCS for an optimized DAOCS-penicillin G reaction.
Detection of Frequency Resonance Energy Transfer Pair on Double-Labeled Microsphere and
Bacillus anthracis
Spores by Flow Cytometry
Authors: Zahavy E. , Fisher M. , Bromberg A. , Olshevsky U. 
Published: April 2003

ABSTRACT

Development of an ultrasensitive biosensor for biological hazards in the environment is a major need for pollutant control and for the detection of biological warfare. Fluorescence methods combined with immunodiagnostic methods are the most common. To minimize background noise, arising from the unspecific adsorption effect, we have adapted the FRET (frequency resonance energy transfer) effect to the immunofluorescence method. FRET will increase the selectivity of the diagnosis process by introducing a requirement for two different reporter molecules that have to label the antigen surface at a distance that will enable FRET. Utilizing the multiparameter capability of flow cytometry analysis to analyze the double-labeling/FRET immunostaining will lead to a highly selective and sensitive diagnostic method. This work examined the FRET interaction of fluorescence-labeled avidin molecules on biotin-coated microspheres as a model system. As target system, we have used labeled polyclonal antibodies on
Bacillus anthracis
spores. The antibodies used were purified immunoglobulin G (IgG) molecules raised in rabbits against
B. anthracis
exosoporium components. The antibodies were fluorescence labeled by a donor-acceptor chromophore pair, alexa488 as a donor and alexa594 as an acceptor. On labeling the spores with alexa488-IgG as a donor and alexa594-IgG as an acceptor, excitation at 488 nm results in quenching of the alexa-488 fluorescence (
E
q
= 35%) and appearance of the alexa594 fluorescence (
E
s
= 22%), as detected by flow cytometry analysis. The FRET effect leads to a further isolated gate (FL1/FL3) for the target spores compared to competitive spores such as
B. thuringiensis
subsp.
israelensis
and
B. subtilis.
This new approach, combining FRET labeling and flow cytometry analysis, improved the selectivity of the
B. anthracis
spores by a factor of 10 with respect to
B. thuringiensis
subsp.
israelensis
and a factor of 100 with respect to
B. subtilis
as control spores.
Improving the Thermostability of Raw-Starch-Digesting Amylase from a
Cytophaga
sp. by Site-Directed Mutagenesis
Authors: Shiau Rong-Jen , Hung Hui-Chen , Jeang Chii-Ling 
Published: April 2003

ABSTRACT

A heat-stable raw-starch-digesting amylase (RSDA) was generated through PCR-based site-directed mutagenesis. At 65°C, the half-life of this mutant RSDA, which, compared with the wild-type RSDA, lacks amino acids R178 and G179, was increased 20-fold. While the wild type was inactivated completely at pH 3.0, the mutant RSDA still retained 41% of its enzymatic activity. The enhancement of RSDA thermostability was demonstrated to be via a Ca
2+
-independent mechanism.
Molecular Characterization of
Vibrio cholerae
O139 Bengal Isolated from Water and the Aquatic Plant
Eichhornia crassipes
in the River Ganga, Varanasi, India
Authors: Bhanumathi R. , Sabeena F. , Isac Sree Renjini , Shukla B. N. , Singh D. V. 
Published: April 2003

ABSTRACT

A collection of ten strains of
Vibrio cholerae
O139, comprising six isolates from
Eichhornia crassipes
, two from water of the River Ganga, and one each from a well and a hand pump, were characterized. All the strains carried the CTX genetic element (
ctxA
,
zot
, and
ace
) except for the
st
gene and carried structural and regulatory genes for toxin-coregulated pilus (
tcpA
,
tcpI
, and
toxR
), adherence factor (
ompU
), and accessory colonization factor (
acfB
); all produced cholera toxin (CT). These strains were resistant to trimethoprim, sulfamethoxazole, streptomycin, and to the vibriostatic agent pteridine. Results obtained by ribotyping and enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus sequence-PCR fingerprint analysis indicate that multiple clones of toxigenic-pathogenic
V
.
cholerae
O139 were present in the aquatic environment.
Luteinizing Hormone Signaling and Breast Cancer: Polymorphisms and Age of Onset
Authors: Powell B. L. , Piersma D. , Kevenaar M. E. , van Staveren I. L. , Themmen A. P. N. , Iacopetta B. J. , Berns E. M. J. J. 
Published: April 2003

Estrogen exposure has repeatedly been shown to associate with the risk of developing breast cancer. Estrogen synthesis is under the control of LH and FSH, where LH, through its receptor (LHR), stimulates production of ovarian androgens; and FSH, their aromatization to estrogens. Here, we investigated whether functional polymorphic variants in the LH signaling pathway are associated with the risk of breast cancer or its clinical phenotype.
A PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism genotyping approach was used to investigate this in 266 breast cancers. The LHR18insLQ allele does not seem to influence breast cancer risk. However, women who were homozygous for the LHR18insLQ allele were, on average, 8.3 yr younger at diagnosis, compared with those homozygous for the wild-type LHR allele (mean age, 51.9 yr vs. 60.2 yr; P = 0.03). Trends were observed for associations between LHR18insLQ carriers and nodal involvement or larger tumor size. Patients who were LHR18insLQ carriers revealed a significantly worse overall survival, compared with those who were homozygous for LHR [hazard ratio = 2.4; 95% CI (1.3–4.3); P = 0.006]. In contrast, no associations between the LH genotype and any of the clinical parameters were observed. Our findings suggest that the LHR18insLQ gene polymorphism determines an earlier age of disease onset and is prognostic for poor outcome of breast cancer.
One-Dimensional PbS/Polymer Nanocomposite of Core/Sheath Structure Fabricated by Hydrothermal Polymerization and Simultaneous Sulfidation
Authors: Zeng Jing-hui , Zhu Yu , Yang Jian , Liu Yuan-fang , Qian Yi-Tai 
Published: April 2003

Abstract
A novel hydrothermal method has been developed for the synthesis of rod-shaped PbS/poly(vinyl acetate) composites. These one-dimensional (1-D) PbS/polymer composites were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), and Raman spectroscopy. The results show that the products are of rod-shaped core/sheath structure with good crystallinity.
Photochromism of Dinuclear Tungsten Complexes with Disulfur and Ethylene-1,2-dithiolate Ligands
Authors: Shibahara Takashi , Nishiura Kasumi , Tsuboi Masanobu , Akashi Haruo , Sakane Genta 
Published: April 2003

Abstract
Novel photochromic and non-photochromic ethylene-1,2- dithiolato dinuclear tungsten complexes, [W2(µ-S2)(µ-S2C2Ph2)2(S2C2Ph2)2] (2a) and [W2(µ-S2)2(µ-S4)(S2C2Ph2)2] (2b), respectively, were synthesized and characterized.
Synthesis, Structure and Optical Refractive Effect of Dibutyltin(IV) Complex of [Ph2P(S)NP(S)Ph2]−
Authors: Niu Yunyin , Wang Yuxiao , Song Yinglin , Liu Shixiong , Zheng Hegen , Xin Xinquan 
Published: April 2003

Abstract
Reaction of n-Bu2SnCl2 with K[Ph2P(S)NP(S)Ph2] in CH3CN gives the spirobimetallocyclic complex bis(tetraphenyldithioimidodiphosphinato)dibutyltin (IV), {n-Bu2Sn[Ph2P(S)NP(S)Ph2]2} in which π–π stacking interactions by the phenyl rings of the ligands exist. The nonlinear optical (NLO) properties were studied with an 8 ns-pulsed laser at 532 nm. Its optical responses to the incident light exhibit strong refractive effect with n2 = 5.4 × 10−18 m2 W−1 in a 1.2 × 10−4 mol dm−3 DMF solution.
Water-Soluble Trialkylphosphine-Ruthenium(II) Complexes as Efficient Catalysts for Hydrogenation of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide
Authors: Kayaki Yoshihito , Suzuki Tomoyuki , Ikariya Takao 
Published: April 2003

Abstract
A water-soluble ruthenium(II) complex bearing tris(hydroxymethyl)phosphine, RuCl2[PH(CH2OH)2]2[P(CH2OH)3]2, is highly effective for the catalytic hydrogenation of supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) under scCO2–H2O multi-phasic conditions.
Nanocrystalline TiO2 Electrodes Prepared by Water-Medium Screen Printing Technique
Authors: Zhang Dongshe , Ito Seigo , Wada Yuji , Kitamura Takayuki , Yanagida Shozo 
Published: April 2003

Abstract
A water-medium screen printing technique was developed for making mesoporous TiO2 electrodes by using two types of commercial nanocrystalline TiO2 powders and three types of water-soluble cellulosic thickeners. Treatment of the electrodes with a TiCl4 aqueous solution improved the overall conversion efficiency of the dye-sensitized solar cells based on these mesoporous TiO2 electrodes.
Extraordinary Catalytic Behavior of CeO2 in Partial Oxidation of Methane
Authors: Roh Hyun-Seog , Jun Ki-Won , Baek Seung-Chan , Park Sang-Eon 
Published: April 2003

Abstract
CeO2 exhibits extraordinary catalytic activity in partial oxidation of methane to synthesis gas. Total combustion was observed at stoichiometric feed ratio, while oscillatory partial oxidation was achieved at O2 deficient feed ratio.
Novel Finding of the Effect of Triple Bond on the Photochemical cis–trans Isomerization of C=C Double Bond
Authors: Sakakibara Hirokazu , Ikegami Masashi , Isagawa Kakuzo , Tojo Sachiko , Majima Tetsuro , Arai Tatsuo 
Published: April 2003

Abstract
Both cis- and trans-1, 2-bis(phenylethynyl)ethenes (1) gave fluorescence emission with considerably high quantum yield and intersystem crossing to the triplet state which underwent cis–trans isomerization. On the basis of the results, a novel potential energy surface of isomerization of 1 was proposed.
Ethylene Polymerization Behavior of New Titanium Complexes Having Two Phenoxy–Pyridine Chelate Ligands
Authors: Inoue Yoshihisa , Nakano Takashi , Tanaka Hidetsugu , Kashiwa Norio , Fujita Terunori 
Published: April 2003

Abstract
Two new titanium complexes having two phenoxy–pyridine chelate ligands were synthesized and investigated for their potential as ethylene polymerization catalysts. On activation with Ph3C+B−(C6F5)4 / i-Bu3Al, one of the complexes, bis[2-(2′-pyridyl)phenolato] titanium complex, exhibited high activity (227–564 kg-PE/mol-cat·h) and produced high molecular weight polyethylene (Mv; 140000–3230000) at 25–75 °C.
Biomimetic Intradiol-Cleavage of Catechols with Incorporation of Both Atoms of O2: The Role of the Vacant Coordination Site on the Iron Center
Authors: Ogo Seiji , Yamahara Ryo , Funabiki Takuzo , Masuda Hideki , Watanabe Yoshihito 
Published: April 2003

Abstract
This is the first example of model system for the active site of protocatechuate 3,4-dioxygenase to display intradiol-cleavage of catechols with incorporation of two oxygen atoms of O2 promoted by iron complexes.
Effects of Chemical Modification of Lipase on Its Enantioselectivity in Organic Solvents
Authors: Ueji Shin-ichi , Tanaka Hiroyuki , Hanaoka Takahito , Ueda Ai , Watanabe Keiichi , Kaihatsu Kunihiro , Ebara Yasuhito 
Published: April 2003

Abstract
The chemical modification of lipase with the hydrophobic group such as Z (benzyloxycarbonyl) or Z(NO2) (p-nitro-Z) is found to bring about a marked improvement of the enantioselectivity in isopropyl ether and an inversion of the solvent effects on the enantioselectivity.
A Geometrical Isomeric Pair of Novel Cobalt(III) Complexes Containing Diphenylphosphine: cis- and trans-[Co(dtc)2(PHPh2)2]BF4 (dtc = N,N-Dimethyldithiocarbamate)
Authors: Suzuki Takayoshi , Iwatsuki Satoshi , Takagi Hideo D , Kashiwabara Kazuo 
Published: April 2003

Abstract
The stable title cobalt(III) complexes containing PHPh2 have been prepared and investigated for their crystal structures and spectroscopic properties. The cis-isomer was converted photochemically to the trans-isomer, which isomerized thermally to the original cis-isomer. The structural parameters and the ligand-field strengths of the PHPh2 complexes were not predictable from the σ-donicity of PHPh2.
Addition of HCl to a Base-Stabilized Hydrido(silylene)tungsten Complex and Reactivity of the Adduct toward LiAlH4
Authors: Sakaba Hiroyuki , Hirata Takeshi , Kabuto Chizuko , Horino Hiroshi 
Published: April 2003

Abstract
The reaction of cis-Cp*(CO)2HW=SiPh2·Py (1, Py = pyridine) with HCl gave an adduct Cp*(CO)2H2WSiPh2Cl (2). Treatment of 2 with excess LiAlH4 afforded an anionic complex Li[cis-Cp*(CO)2HWSiHPh2] (4), and the same product was obtained by the reaction of 1 with LiAlH4.
Protonation of Bis-μ-diethylsilyl Complex {(C5Me5)Ru(μ-η2-HSiEt2)}2(μ-H)(H): Enhancement of Bonding Interaction between Bridging Silicon and Hydride Ligands
Authors: Takao Toshiro , Yoshida Shigeru , Suzuki Hiroharu 
Published: April 2003

Abstract
A bis-µ-diethylsilyl complex {Cp*Ru(µ-η2-HSiEt2)}2(µ-H)(H) (2a; Cp* = η5-C5Me5) reacted with CF3SO3H to afford a cationic bis-µ-diethylsilane complex [{Cp*Ru(µ-η2:η2-H2SiEt2)}2(µ-H)][X] (4a, X = CF3SO3, BPh4). An X-ray diffraction study of 4a-BPh4 revealed its pseudo C2 symmetric structure and µ-η2:η2-coordination of the bridging silicon.
Syntheses and Characterization of Disilane Unit Containing Polytitana- and Polyzirconasiloxanes
Authors: Gunji Takahiro , Gomi Takeshi , Sanji Takanobu , Abe Yoshimoto 
Published: April 2003

Abstract
Disilane unit containing polytitana- and polyzirconasiloxanes were synthesized by the reaction of 1,1,2,2-tetramethyl-1,2-disilanediol with bis(2,4-pentanedionato)titanium diisopropoxide or bis(2,4-pentanedionato)zirconium diisopropoxide. These polymers consisted of disilane unit and metalloxane bonding as main chain with pendants of methyl and 2,4-pentanedionato groups and terminals of isopropoxy and silanol groups. On the other hand, a cyclotitanasiloxane was prepared by the reaction of 1,1,2,2-tetramethyl-1,2-disilanediol with titanocene dichloride in the presence of triethylamine.
A Convergent, Homochiral Bis(amino alcohol) for Obtaining High Enantioselectivity in the Addition of Diethylzinc to Aldehydes
Authors: Ooi Takashi , Saito Akira , Maruoka Keiji 
Published: April 2003

Abstract
A new bimetallic approach using dibenzofuran derivative as a requisite spacer has been introduced to achieve high asymmetric induction in the addition of diethylzinc to aldehydes with otherwise ineffective amino alcohol residue.
Highly Diastereoselective Photochromic Cyclization of an Indolylfulgide Derivative Possessing C2-Symmetric Chiral Diol as an Auxiliary
Authors: Yokoyama Yasushi , Okuyama Tomoyuki , Yokoyama Yayoi , Asami Masatoshi 
Published: April 2003

Abstract
An indolylfulgide derivative possessing an orthoester-type functional group on the acid anhydride moiety with a C2-symmetric (S,S)-1,2-bis(1-hydroxypropyl)benzene was prepared. Irradiation of 313-nm light produced the colored form in 90% diastereomer excess. The [α]D values for the colorless and the colored forms in toluene were +82° and −420°, respectively.
Cobalt Doped Orthorhombic LiMnO2 as Cathode Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Myung Seung-Taek , Komaba Shinichi , Kumagai Naoaki , Kurihara Koutarou 
Published: April 2003

Abstract
Orthorhombic type LiCoxMn1−xO2 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.14) oxides have been synthesized by hydrothermal treatment of (CoxMn1−x)3O4 precursors and LiOH aqueous solution at 170 °C. As-synthesized powders showed well-ordered β-NaMnO2 structures, and the products were single crystalline particle oxides from TEM observations. The particle size decreased with increasing the amount of Co substituent. Much more improved capacity upon 100 cycling was clearly seen in orthorhombic LiCo0.1Mn0.9O2, comparing to orthorhombic LiMnO2.
Preparation of Mesoporous TiO2 Photocatalyst by Selective Dissolving of Titania–Silica Binary Oxides
Authors: Zhang Qinghong , Gao Lian , Zheng Shan 
Published: April 2003

Abstract
Mesoporous TiO2 photocatalyst, which consisted of uniform mesopores (pore size about 4 nm) and with anatase framework and huge surface area as high as 329 m2 g−1, was prepared by selectively dissolving of silica in Ti–Si binary oxides.