bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recurrent prostate cancer: combined role for MRI and PSMA-PET in 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/MRI
Authors: Jannusch Kai , Bruckmann Nils Martin , Morawitz Janna , Boschheidgen Matthias , Quick Harald H. , Herrmann Ken , Fendler Wolfgang P. , Umutlu Lale , Stuschke Martin , Hadaschik Boris , Antoch Gerald , Schimmöller Lars , Kirchner Julian 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Objectives
To investigate the specific strengths of MRI and PET components in 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/MRI for staging of patients with biochemically recurrent prostate cancer (PCa).

Methods
Patients with biochemical recurrence of PCa and contrast-enhanced whole-body 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/MRI including a dedicated pelvic multiparametric MRI were included in this retrospective study. Imaging datasets of MRI and PET were evaluated separately regarding local PCa recurrence (Tr), pelvic lymph node metastases (N1), distant lymph node metastases (M1a), bone metastases (M1b), and soft tissue metastases (M1c) according to PROMISE version 1. Data evaluation was performed patient- and region-/lesion-based. Cox regression revealed a PSA of 1.69 ng/mL as a cut-off for subgroup analysis. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and accuracy were evaluated for each image component. Differences in staging accuracy were assessed using the Wilcoxon and McNemar test.

Results
Altogether 102 patients (mean aged 68 ± 8 years, median PSA 1.33 ng/mL) were included. PCa was found in 70/102 (68%) patients. Accuracy of MRI in the detection of Tr, N1, M + , M1a, and M1b was 100%, 79%, 90%, 97%, and 95% for PSA < 1.69 ng/mL and 100%, 87%, 87%, 91%, and 96% for PSA > 1.69 ng/mL. Accuracy of 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET was 93%, 97%, 93%, 98%, and 100% for PSA < 1.69 ng/mL and 87%, 91%, 96%, 100%, and 96% for PSA > 1.69 ng/mL.

Conclusions
Combined assessment of 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/MRI improves tumor localization in men with biochemical recurrence. The MRI detected local recurrence of PCa more often whereas 68 Ga-PSMA-11 PET detected lymph node metastases more often, especially for PSA < 1.69 ng/mL.

Clinical relevance statement
This study gives a scientific baseline to improve the understanding and reading of 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/MRI imaging in patients with biochemically recurrent PCa by showing the specific strength of each imaging component.

Key Points
• Combining the individual modality strengths of 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/MRI improves tumor localization in men with biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer.
• MRI component of 68 Ga-PSMA-11 PET/MRI shows its strength in detecting local recurrence of prostate cancer, especially at PSA < 1.69 ng/mL.
• 68 Ga-PSMA-11 PET component shows its strength in detecting local and distant lymph node metastases, especially at PSA < 1.69 ng/mL.
Optical characterization and through-focus performance of two advanced monofocal intraocular lenses
Authors: Salgado-Borges José , Borges Anabela , Ferreira Isabel , González-Méijome José Manuel , Faria-Ribeiro Miguel 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Purpose
To compare the refractive power profile, subjective depth-of-field and objective optical quality of two advanced monofocal intraocular lenses (IOLs) designed to improve intermediate vision.

Methods
This prospective study evaluated forty-six eyes of twenty-three patients, aged 54–68 years, binocularly implanted with two monofocal enhanced intraocular lenses (IOLs), the Tecnis Eyhance and the Physiol Isopure. Subjective through-focus visual acuity curves were obtained by placing trial lenses in front of the eye while wearing its best spherical-cylindrical correction for distance. Objective optical quality was defined as the area under the modulation transfer function, calculated from the wavefront maps measured with a high-resolution aberrometer. The optical design of both lenses was compared based on their refractive power profiles measured with the lenses immersed in saline solution.

Results
Both lenses have progressive aspherical geometries, in which the sagittal power decreases rapidly from the center to the edge of the optical zone. Mean monocular through-focus curves show a best corrected distance visual acuity of − 0.02 logMAR with both lenses. Through-focus visual acuity was marginally higher for the Eyhance, with a difference of 1 letter at the defocus position of − 0.5D and 3 letters between − 1.0D and − 2.0D. Objective assessment of optical quality revealed only a difference of about 2 points in MTF area at distance.

Conclusion
Both IOLs use a similar approach to improve intermediate vision. The Eyhance showed marginally better subjective performance than the Isopure at the target vergences between − 1.00D and − 2.00D, although these results did not reach statistical significance and were not replicated by the objective findings.
Neurofibromatose Typ 1 im Kindes- und Jugendalter
Authors: Hedrich Cora , Azizi Amedeo A. 
Published: December 2023

ZusammenfassungAm NF Kinder Expertisezentrum der Med. Univ. Wien betreuen wir ein sehr breites Spektrum an NF-Manifestationen, und keiner unserer Patient*innen gleicht der/dem anderen. Die individualisierte ärztliche Versorgung bedarf eines Teams mit Vertreter*innen aus den relevanten medizinischen Fachrichtungen, das die Patient*innen in einem geeigneten Rahmen, wie z. B. einem dedizierten NF-Board, regelmäßig interdisziplinär bespricht. Ebenso wichtig ist die (neuro)psychosoziale Betreuung der Betroffenen und deren Familien (so können etwa mögliche neurokognitive Einschränkungen den Schulalltag beeinflussen). Weiters ist es für viele Familien schwierig, mit einer lebensbegleitenden Veranlagung umzugehen, deren individueller Verlauf (Auftreten von NF1-assoziierten Symptomen/Tumoren) in keiner Weise vorhersehbar ist. Edukation der Patient*innen und Familien bzgl. onkologischer Erkrankungen und deren Symptome bzw. Warnzeichen ist essenziell, es ist aber auch wichtig darauf hinzuweisen, dass diese u. U. nie auftreten werden.
Seeing the invisible: extracurricular learning processes and learning outcome as experienced by student volunteers accompanying persons in a socially vulnerable situation to healthcare appointments—an ethnographic study
Authors: Tonnesen Merete , Valentin Gitte , Maribo Thomas , Momsen Anne-Mette Hedeager 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBecoming a healthcare professional is a complex process, where learning occurs in various ways. This study explores an extracurricular learning approach, called the Social Health Bridge-Building Programme, designed to address health inequities. Student volunteers accompany persons in a socially vulnerable situation to healthcare appointments. Operating outside the realms of health education, the programme intends to provide an alternative road to training healthcare students to become capable of engaging with diverse populations, and reducing barriers to healthcare access. Based on an ethnographic fieldwork, using interviews and participant observation (“walking along”) as methods, the aim of the study was to explore the learning processes and learning outcomes associated with bridge-building, as experienced by students. Our findings show that this extracurricular learning complemented the formal curriculum, and bridged the gap from theoretical knowledge to practice and to real persons, preparing students for their future roles. The particular positioning of walking alongside or sitting beside persons made the invisible visible, enabling student volunteers to see the variety of persons in need of bridge-building, ways of living in a socially vulnerable situation, inequity in health, and see the persons, beyond initial impression, fostering a deeper understanding and empathy among the students. Learning outcomes included communicational, relational, and observations skills, and a more comprehensive grasp of the healthcare system's complexity. We conclude that a non-governmental organization, independent of the healthcare system, may have found a novel way of providing extracurricular learning about health inequity to students. Demonstrating how the Social Health Bridge-Building Programme complements formal curricula, the concept could be applicable in other settings.
Impact of CYP2C19 Genotype on Efficacy and Safety of Clopidogrel-based Antiplatelet Therapy in Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack Patients: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Non-East Asian Studies
Authors: Cargnin Sarah , Ferrari Federica , Terrazzino Salvatore 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Inconclusive and limited results have been reported on the clinical utility of CYP2C19 genotyping in stroke/TIA patients of non-East Asian ancestries. We herein performed an updated systematic review and meta-analysis to quantitatively estimate the association of CYP2C19 loss-of function (LOF) status with efficacy and safety of clopidogrel-based antiplatelet therapy in non-East Asian patients affected by stroke or TIA.

Methods
A comprehensive search was performed up to July 2023 using PubMed, Web of Knowledge, and Cochrane Library databases. The clinical outcomes investigated were stroke, composite vascular events and bleeding. Pooled estimates were calculated as risk ratios (RR) with 95% CI using the Mantel– Haenszel random-effects model. The quality of evidence was assessed using the GRADEpro tool.

Results
A total number of 1673 stroke/TIA patients from 8 non-East Asian studies, published between 2014 and 2022, were included in the systematic review. Clopidogrel-treated carriers of CYP2C19 LOF alleles were found at increased risk of stroke compared to non-carriers (RR: 1.68, 95%CI: 1.04–2.71, P = 0.03). However, no significant association was observed with the risk of composite vascular events (RR: 1.15, 95%CI: 0.58–2.28, P = 0.69) or bleeding (RR: 0.84, 95%CI: 0.38–1.86, P = 0.67). Similarly, European ancestry patients carrying CYP2C19 LOF alleles displayed a higher risk of stroke (RR: 2.69 (1.11–6.51, P = 0.03), but not of composite vascular events or bleeding.

Conclusion
The present updated meta-analysis provides moderate quality evidence of association between CYP2C19 LOF alleles and an increased risk of stroke in non-East Asian patients with stroke/TIA after receiving clopidogrel therapy. Further large pharmacogenetic studies are still warranted to corroborate these findings.
Social Climate, Uncertainty and Fertility Intentions: from the Great Recession to the Covid-19 Crisis
Authors: Comolli Chiara Ludovica 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe literature on fertility in context of crises considers major crises exclusively as economic experiences, however, they are also social phenomena, affecting communities, morality and social interactions. When changes in the social climate are of a sufficient magnitude, they tend to break down the social fabric and generate additional uncertainty, more of a social form, which may affect reproductive decisions beyond economic uncertainty alone. Applying Fixed Effects Models to 18 waves of the Swiss Household Panel (2004–2021), this study evaluates the relationship between changes in social climate and social uncertainty and first and second order childbearing intentions, net of economic uncertainty, sociodemographic determinants and unobserved time-invariant individual and local area characteristics. Canton-level mean and variance of generalized trust and optimism about the future are used as proxies of the quality and the unpredictability of the social climate respondents live in. Besides parity, the study explores period variation by comparing the time around the Great Recession (before, during and after) and the years around the Covid-19 pandemic. Results show that the worsening of the social climate and its growing uncertainty correlate with lower and more uncertain first and second birth intentions. Yet, important parity-period interactions emerge.
Dropout intent of students with disabilities
Authors: Rußmann Mareike , Netz Nicolai , Lörz Markus 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWe examine the mechanisms explaining the dropout intentions of students with disabilities by integrating Tinto’s model of student integration, the student attrition model, the composite persistence model, and insights from social stratification research. The resulting theoretical model posits that not only students’ academic and social integration, but also their private resources (financial, home learning, and personal resources) are crucial for academic success. Analysing data from a 2020 Germany-wide student survey, we find that students with disabilities are substantially more likely to intend to drop out of higher education than students without disabilities. Linear regressions and Kitagawa-Oaxaca-Blinder decompositions show that their lower academic integration and fewer personal resources are most relevant for explaining this difference, while their lower social integration, home learning, and financial resources play subordinate roles. Further analyses reveal that dropout intent is highest among students with psychic disabilities, followed by students with learning disabilities and students with physical disabilities. Regarding all three disability groups, less academic integration and fewer personal resources are most relevant for explaining their higher dropout intent (compared to students without disabilities). However, the disability groups differ regarding the importance of the different explanatory factors. Overall, our results highlight the importance of considering both students’ integration into higher education and their private resources for understanding student-group-specific dropout intent.
A review of the benefits and drawbacks of high-stakes final examinations in higher education
Authors: French Sarah , Dickerson Ashton , Mulder Raoul A. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractHigh-stakes examinations enjoy widespread use as summative assessments in higher education. We review the arguments for and against their use, across seven common themes: memory recall and knowledge retention; student motivation and learning; authenticity and real-world relevance; validity and reliability; academic misconduct and contract cheating; stress, anxiety and wellbeing; and fairness and equity. For each theme, we evaluate empirical evidence for the perceived pedagogical benefits and pedagogical drawbacks of high-stakes examinations. We find that relatively few of the perceived academic benefits of high-stakes examinations have a strong evidence base. Support for their use is largely rooted in opinion and pragmatism, rather than being justified by scientific evidence or pedagogical merit. By contrast, there is substantial evidence for pedagogical drawbacks of high-stakes summative examinations. We conclude that the current heavy reliance on high-stakes final examinations in many university subjects is poorly justified by the balance of empirical evidence.
A Note on Clarke’s Generalized Jacobian for the Inverse of Bi-Lipschitz Maps
Authors: Behr Florian , Dolzmann Georg 
Published: December 2023

AbstractClarke’s inverse function theorem for Lipschitz mappings states that a bi-Lipschitz mapping f is locally invertible about a point $$x_0$$

x
0

if the generalized Jacobian $$\partial f(x_0)$$

∂
f
(

x
0

)

does not contain singular matrices. It is shown that under these assumptions the generalized Jacobian of the inverse mapping at $$f(x_0)$$

f
(

x
0

)

is the convex hull of the set of matrices that can be obtained as limits of sequences $$J_f(x_k)^{-1}$$

J
f

(

x
k

)

-
1

with f differentiable in $$x_k$$

x
k

and $$x_k$$

x
k

converging to $$x_0$$

x
0

. This identity holds as well if f is assumed to be locally bi-Lipschitz at $$x_0$$

x
0

.
Surveying Adolescents During a Pandemic: Comparison of Adolescents Recruited via Social Media vs. Schools
Authors: Unger Jennifer B. , Steinberg Jane , Vos Robert , Soto Daniel W. , Albers Larisa , Rogers Christopher J. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractSchool-based surveys of adolescents can be logistically difficult and exclude students who do not attend school. Social media recruitment could be a promising strategy to recruit representative samples of adolescents. However, few studies have compared adolescent survey data collected via different methodologies. Our team was conducting a school-based survey when the COVID-19 pandemic closed all schools, necessitating a shift to online adolescent recruitment. To achieve our goal of obtaining a sample of high school students throughout California, we placed ads on social media. We compared the adolescents recruited in schools with those recruited on social media on demographic characteristics, mental health, and substance use. The sample of students recruited in schools (N = 737) and adolescents recruited via social media (N = 953) did not differ significantly on gender or substance use. However, compared with school-based recruitment, social media recruitment yielded a higher proportion of boys, whites, and Asians and a lower proportion of girls, Hispanic/Latinx adolescents, and those who spoke other languages at home. The social media sample had significantly higher levels of depression and anxiety symptoms and perceived stress than the school-based sample. Results indicate that social media can be useful for recruiting adolescents for survey research, especially if strategies such as Spanish-language social media ads are used to recruit and consent Hispanic/Latinx adolescents and those with non-English-speaking parents. This method could potentially replace school-based surveys in cases where schools are unwilling to participate in research, or it could be used to supplement school-based samples. Advantages and disadvantages of both methods are discussed.
A tangled web: global review of fishing interactions with rhino rays
Authors: Pytka J. M. , Kyne P. M. , Carlson J. K. , Wosnick N. , Jabado R. W. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractRhino rays (Order Rhinopristiformes) are one of the most threatened vertebrate groups. Despite overfishing being recognised as the greatest threat to this group, a comprehensive assessment of the fisheries and types of fishing gear that rhino rays interact with is lacking. We reviewed published and grey literature (n = 116 references) to evaluate interactions between rhino rays and fisheries, determine gear types most responsible for their capture, and species for which most interactions occur by region. Interactions (n = 420) were reported from 37 of 88 range states, for 52 of 68 known species. Combined, 59% of the literature reported interactions from trawlers and gillnets. Wedgefishes (Rhinidae) were the most reported family (29%) and bowmouth guitarfish (Rhina ancylostomus) the most reported species (9.5%). Asia accounted for half of interactions (n = 211), with 67% of the literature from unspecified gear (e.g., mixed landings), masking gear-specific interactions. Data quality was variable, with the highest resolution in countries with lower species diversity and where species are least imperiled (e.g., Australia). Discard mortality and physiological effects of capture are poorly known with data available for 25% of species (almost exclusively from Australia and the Americas). While additional data are urgently required to quantify the true extent of rhino ray catch globally, reducing fisheries mortality is a priority and key to address declining populations. Recommendations include prioritizing spatial management in critical habitats (e.g., nursery areas), expansion in the use of proven bycatch reduction devices, encouraging safe release and handling, and addressing drivers of retention and trade.
Cluster analysis to identify the profiles of individuals with compromised bone health versus unfortunate wrist fractures within the Canadian Longitudinal Study of Aging (CLSA) database
Authors: Vincent Joshua I. , MacDermid Joy C. , Bassim Carol W. , Santaguida Pasqualina 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Summary
We used cluster analysis to determine the profiles of individuals who sustained wrist fractures. We found two groups: (1) young and active and (2) older and less active. This information may be used to identify individuals who require further bone health interventions to optimize healthy aging.

Introduction
Distal radial fractures (DRF) are the most common of all fractures, with 6% of males and 33% of females having one at some point in their lifetime. We hypothesize that DRF consists of two subpopulations: one with compromised bone health that is early in the osteoporosis (OP) trajectory and another which are active and healthy and suffer a misfortune fracture due to their high activity levels or risk-taking behaviors. The latter is likely to recover with a minimal disability, while the former may signal a negative health trajectory of disability and early mortality.

Objective
To determine the profiles of individuals who sustained wrist fractures using cluster analysis within the Comprehensive Cohort of the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA) database considering factors that reflect bone health and activity levels.

Methods
We included all the individuals who had a wrist fracture within the CLSA comprehensive cohort of the database (n = 968). The baseline data was used for this analysis. A 2-step cluster analysis was used to identify profiles that were both statistically and clinically meaningful. Variables that were used in the cluster analysis include demographic variables, physical activity status indicators, general health indicators, mobility indicators, bone health indicators, comorbid conditions, and lifestyle factors.

Results
We were able to identify two distinct profiles that were statistically and clinically meaningful confirming our hypothesis. One cluster included a predominantly younger cohort, who are physically active, with less comorbid conditions, better bone health, and better general health, while the opposite was true of the first cohort.

Conclusion
We were able to identify two clusters—a healthy profile and a bone health compromised profile. This information may be used to identify the subgroup of people who should be targeted in the future for more intensive preventive health services to optimize healthy aging.
A complex insight into the Late Quaternary history of Bohemian-Moravian Highlands summit
Authors: Hájková Petra , Široká Adéla , Petr Libor , Jamrichová Eva , Peterka Tomáš 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPeat is an important archive allowing the reconstruction of past mire environments and surrounding vegetation. The Pihoviny site, one of the oldest peat deposits in the Bohemian-Moravian Highlands, was analysed for macrofossils and pollen and compared with other profiles in the region. The local mire development started in the Late Glacial as sedge-moss quaking fen with tundra elements characterised by high mineral richness and groundwater level. During the Early Holocene, it developed through the rich fen with hummocks, willow and reed stage to the waterlogged spruce forest, which persisted for thousands of years until the post-mediaeval deforestation. The recent mire vegetation developed 300 years ago due to human-induced deforestation. Further, we revealed high regional synchronicity among pollen profiles in the Early-Holocene (10,000–9000 cal BP), when open-canopy pine-birch forests transformed into closed-canopy deciduous forests due to climate improvement. Contrary, the Late-Holocene transformation to beech-fir forests was not synchronous, suggesting another driver than climate, likely human activities. Although pollen of both late-successional trees occurred since the Early Holocene, their expansion began much later, 5500–3500 (beech) and 3500–2500 cal BP (fir). Numerous spruce macrofossils suggest its pollen's local origin in the waterlogged spruce forest. Our results support the need for active management to sustain open mire vegetation and prevent spontaneous forest regrowth, recently boosted by climate warming. Palaeoecological analyses reconstructed a mosaic of waterlogged spruce and terrestrial beech-fir forests in the landscape, which should be restored to increase forest resistance against bark-beetle breakdowns and other disturbances in future.