bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recruitment and baseline data of the Aging and Cognitive Health Evaluation in Elders (ACHIEVE) study: A randomized trial of a hearing loss intervention for reducing cognitive decline
Authors: Reed Nicholas S. , Gravens‐Mueller Lisa , Huang Alison R. , Goman Adele M. , Mitchell Christine M. , Arnold Michelle L. , Bolton Spencer , Burgard Sheila , Chisolm Theresa H. , Couper David , Deal Jennifer A. , Evans Joshua , Faucette Sarah , Glynn Nancy W. , Gmelin Theresa , Hayden Kathleen M. , Miller Elizabeth , Minotti Melissa , Mosley Thomas , Naylor Stacee , Pankow James S. , Pike James Russell , Sanchez Victoria A. , Schrack Jennifer A. , Coresh Josef , Lin Frank R. ,   for the ACHIEVE Collaborative Research Group
Published: February 2024

AbstractINTRODUCTIONHearing loss is highly prevalent among older adults and independently associated with cognitive decline. The Aging and Cognitive Health Evaluation in Elders (ACHIEVE) study is a multicenter randomized control trial (partially nested within the infrastructure of an observational cohort study, the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities [ARIC] study) to determine the efficacy of best‐practice hearing treatment to reduce cognitive decline over 3 years. The goal of this paper is to describe the recruitment process and baseline results.METHODSMultiple strategies were used to recruit community‐dwelling 70–84‐year‐old participants with adult‐onset hearing loss who were free of substantial cognitive impairment from the parent ARIC study and de novo from the surrounding communities into the trial. Participants completed telephone screening, an in‐person hearing, vision, and cognitive screening, and a comprehensive hearing assessment to determine eligibility.RESULTSOver a 24‐month period, 3004 telephone screenings resulted in 2344 in‐person hearing, vision, and cognition screenings and 1294 comprehensive hearing screenings. Among 1102 eligible, 977 were randomized into the trial (median age = 76.4 years; 53.5% female; 87.8% White; 53.3% held a Bachelor's degree or higher). Participants recruited through the ARIC study were recruited much earlier and were less likely to report hearing loss interfered with their quality of life relative to participants recruited de novo from the community. Minor differences in baseline hearing or health characteristics were found by recruitment route (i.e., ARIC study or de novo) and by study site.DISCUSSIONThe ACHIEVE study successfully completed enrollment over 2 years that met originally projected rates of recruitment. Substantial operational and scientific efficiencies during study startup were achieved through embedding this trial within the infrastructure of a longstanding and well‐established observational study.Highlights
The ACHIEVE study tests the effect of hearing intervention on cognitive decline.
The study is partially nested within an existing cohort study.
Over 2 years, 977 participants recruited and enrolled.
Eligibility assessed by telephone and in‐person for hearing, vision, and cognitive screening.
The ACHIEVE study findings will have significant public health implications.
Characterization of annealed‐silane modified barley husk biosilica and garment waste cotton microfiber vinyl ester composite
Authors: G Suganya , Kandavalli Sumanth Ratna , Sahu Santosh Kumar , Chanakyan C. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis study investigates the effect of adding annealed‐silane modified biosilica and waste cotton microfiber into the vinyl‐based composite on load‐bearing properties. The primary objective of this study was to unveil the significance of annealing treatment on the biosilica and its effect on composite's properties. The biosilica was prepared from waste barely husk ash and the waste cotton microfiber was used as received. The composites were fabricated using mold casting method and their properties were assessed in accordance with ASTM standards. Among the composites examined, the VCB2 displays improved mechanical properties with a highest tensile strength of 120 MPa. In contrast, the VCB3 composite exhibited enhanced hardness with a low specific wear rate of 0.22 mm3/N m and a coefficient of friction of 0.19. Furthermore, the composite VCB3 demonstrated an elevated dielectric constant of 3.85 and a low dielectric loss of 0.136 with a high thermal stability up to 388°C. This study underscores the potential of annealing process on biosilica and its stress free grain structure in property improvement made as valuable reinforcement in waste cotton microfiber‐vinyl ester composites, opening up new avenues for diverse engineering applications with advanced material performance.Highlights
Vinyl ester composites are prepared from waste biomass biosilica and cotton microfiber.
Addition of biosilica improved the void filling effect of matrix.
Addition of biosilica improved the mechanical properties.
Addition of biosilica up to 3 vol.% improved the wear properties.
Addition of biosilica up to 3 vol.% improved the thermal stability.
Effect of zero‐valent iron (ZVI) and biogas slurry reflux on methane production by anaerobic digestion of waste activated sludge
Authors: He Junguo , Cui Xinxin , Chu Zhaorui , Jiang Zhifeng , Pang Heliang , Xin Xiaodong , Duan Shengye , Zhong Yijie 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis study aimed to improve anaerobic digestion (AD) efficiency through the addition of zero‐valent iron (ZVI) and biogas slurry. This paper demonstrated that methane production was most effectively promoted at a biogas slurry reflux ratio of 60%. The introduction of ZVI into anaerobic systems does not enhance its bioavailability. However, both biogas slurry reflux and the combination of ZVI with biogas slurry reflux increase the relative abundance of microorganisms involved in the direct interspecific electron transfer (DIET) process. Among them, the dominant microorganisms Methanosaeta, Methanobacterium, Methanobrevibacter, and Methanolinea accounted for over 60% of the total methanogenic archaea. The Tax4Fun function prediction results indicate that biogas slurry reflux and the combination of ZVI with biogas slurry reflux can increase the content of key enzymes in the acetotrophic and hydrotrophic methanogenesis pathways, thereby strengthening these pathways. The corrosion of ZVI promotes hydrogen production, and the biogas slurry reflux provided additional alkaline and anaerobic microorganisms for the anaerobic system. Their synergistic effect promoted the growth of hydrotrophic methanogens and improved the activities of various enzymes in the hydrolysis and acidification phases, enhanced the system's buffer capacity, and prevented secondary environmental pollution.Practitioner Points
Optimal methane production was achieved at a biogas slurry reflux ratio of 60%.
Biogas slurry reflux in anaerobic digestion substantially reduced discharge.
ZVI addition in combination with biogas slurry reflux facilitates the DIET process.
Melting heat transmission of Maxwell nanofluid flow caused due to a stretchable cylindrical pipe through Finite Element Technique
Authors: Saif Rai Sajjad , Alhowaity Awatif , Afzaal Muhammad F. , Mahrous Yussri Mohammad , Muhammad Taseer 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe objective of current investigation is to examine Maxwell fluid flow generated by cylindrical stretching pipe. Thermophoresis and Brownian moment phenomena will also incorporate on the said fluid. Melting heat shifting phenomenon incorporated at the surface of the elongating cylinder. Mathematical formulation is supported by boundary layer assumption. Suitable similarity transformations diminishes model of nonlinear partial differential equations into a model of nonlinear ordinary differential equations that ultimately solved via numerical technique named Finite Element Technique. The properties of numerous effective variables are graphically displayed and examined. Further the physical quantities like velocity gradient, heat and mass fluxes are tabulated numerically and analyzed. The dimensionless temperature distribution rises for rising values of curvature parameter and Brownian motion parameter however an opposite behavior is observed for melting parameter and Prandtl number. Moreover, a reduction occurs in heat and mass fluxes for sufficiently high values of curvature parameter.
Stability analysis of GO‐EG and GO‐blood base nanofluids by implementing of thermal radiation phenomena
Authors: Rehman Ali , Zeb Muhammad , Khun Ma Chau , Imran Ali , Ahmad Sohail , Ghazwani Hassan Ali 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis work leaves to explore the stability of a 2‐D, time free, thermal boundary layer of graphene oxide ethylene glycol (GO‐EG,) where GO‐blood is taken as base nanofluids over a stretchable surface by executing a magnetic field (MHD), coupled stress effects, heat source/sink, and sun‐oriented radiations. This work is done due to the reason that nanofluids have a higher heat conductivity level rather than regular liquids. Nonlinear partial differential equations (N‐PDEs) are modeled utilizing the notable boundary layer equations. Dimensionless ordinary differential conditions (ODEs) are made from the created NPDEs by utilizing dimensional analysis and group theoretic approach. We examine the obtained ODEs through the notable homotopy analysis technique (HAM). The impacts of different parameters on temperature distribution and velocity profiles are shown graphically. However, some tables are constructed in support of the presented study to confirm the stability and convergence of the solutions. The main intentions in this work are to underline the enhancement of traditional heat transfer's thermal conductivity.
Numerical simulation of magneto thermal Marangoni convective flow of dusty Sutterby hybrid nanofluid with variable thermal conductivity
Authors: Abbas Munawar , Khan Nargis , Hashmi Muhammad Sadiq , Inc Mustafa 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe current study concentrated on the 2‐D flow of a dusty, Magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) Sutterby hybrid nanofluid flowing across a surface in a Darcy–Forchheimer medium. The Cattaneo–Christov heat flux model and variable thermal conductivity properties are taken into description. Marangoni convective boundary conditions are taken into consideration while the thermal flow analysis is examined. Some of the applications of Marangoni convection include thin‐film diffusion, the formation of molten crystals, semiconductor fabrication, and the growth of vapor bubbles during nucleation. Hybrid nanofluid is made up of two nanoparticles ( and one base fluid . Determining the Marangoni convective flow of dusty hybrid nanofluid thermal mobility with ethylene glycol base fluids is the main objective of this investigation. The accepted nanoparticles and dust particles are assigned a spherical shape. The problem has been modeled using nonlinear partial differential equations. With the use of transformation, the partial differential equations (PDEs) system is reduced to a set of ordinary differential equation (ODEs). The problem is mathematically stated, and then using the RKF‐45th approach, it is numerically solved. Tables and graphs are used to assess the effects of the physical parameters of the current problem, such as the Deborah number, Eckert number and thermal relaxation parameter. The thickness of the momentum boundary layer decreases by growing the inverse Darcy number and the Forchheimer parameter for both phases. The velocity profiles of the dust and fluid phases are improved by greater estimates of the Deborah number.
Artificial neural network of thermal Buoyancy and Fourier flux impact on suction/injection‐based Darcy medium surface filled with hybrid and ternary nanoparticles
Authors: Dinesh Kumar Maddina , Siva Krishnam Raju Chakravarthula , El‐Zahar Essam R. , Shah Nehad Ali , Yook Se‐Jin 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis study's main objective is to analyze the heat and velocity transfer rate with various effects such as the suction and buoyancy effects on a stretching sheet with ternary hybrid nanofluid flow via a porous medium. Ternary hybrid nanofluid is Case‐1 Ag‐TiO2 with base fluid H2O and Case‐2 CNT + Graphene + Al2O3 with base fluid H2O. Hybrid nanofluids have been used to speed up the heat transfer process, following Lie group transformations are used to transform non‐linear Partial Differential Equations (PDEs) into Ordinary Differential Equations (ODEs). The boundary value problem solver was used in conjunction with the ODE45 numerical approach to solve the resulting Ordinary differential equations. On a stretchy surface, the overall relationship between temperature, velocity, shear stress, and heat transfer rate are shown for a range of values of the significant factors. The temperature profiles have been rising with the impact of Da and fw. Utilizing streamlines and a machine learning technique to examine the flow pattern of a fluid. Artificial neurons or nodes make up a neural network, which is known as a neural network in the sense that the term is used today. A network or circuit of biological neurons is referred to as a neural network.
Numerical computation of joule heating and chemical reaction for the radiated Casson fluid on the slender parabolic surface
Authors: Salahuddin T. , Awais Muhammad 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis work dealing to solve the numerical results of magnetohydrodynamic flow material (Casson fluid) moving over the slender parabolic surface with temperature dependent viscosity. To make the enhancement in the thermal and solutal fields, we have determined the impact of thermal radiation, viscous dissipation, joule heating, and chemical reaction on the considered flow material. Due to huge applications in coating processes and aerodynamic industries, the suction/Injection is assumed at the surface. With the help of assumed assumptions, the governing equations are obtained in partial differential equation forms, and these equations are translated into ordinary differential equations form by using the Levy‐Lee similarity transformations. The translated forms of ODE's are then numerically solved by using the Adams‐Milne (Predictor–Corrector) technique. The graphical and numerical findings are determined by producing the emerging parameters. The decrement in velocity is noted due to fluid parameter and suction coefficient whereas the enhancement happens due to natural convection. The numerical determination of physical quantities including, Nusselt number, Skin friction and Sherwood number are also examined here and compared the findings with two numerical techniques (Adam‐Milnes and Bvp4c method).
ANN model for magnetised Casson fluid flow under the influence of thermal radiation and temperature stratification: Comparative analysis
Authors: Tanveer Arooj , Ashraf Muhammad Bilal 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe article compares the performance of multi‐layer back‐propagated neural networks using the Levenberg–Marquardt (LMS) method and Bayesian Regularization Scheme (BRS) for analysing heat transfer in magnetized Casson fluid over flat and cylindrical surfaces. Factors like mixed convection, Joule heating, thermal radiation and temperature stratification are considered. Both LMS and BRS prove effective in handling complex interactions in numerical studies. Non‐linear ODE systems are solved using a shooting technique to obtain Nusselt number datasets, which are then divided for training, testing and validation purposes. The accuracy of the artificial neural network (ANN) results is confirmed by the agreement between predicted and target Nusselt numbers. Analysis of mean square error (MSE), regression fitness and error histogram further validates ANN adeptness. Furthermore, heat transfer rate is increasing for the Casson parameter, Grashof number and radiation parameter, while, it declines for stratification parameter, Prandtl and Eckert number. The study explores the impact of various parameters on velocity and temperature profiles, revealing that ANN provides accurate Nusselt number results for both flat and cylindrical surfaces. The research contributes a novel perspective to understanding ANN behaviour in heat transfer analysis, particularly for magnetized Casson fluid flow over two stretching surfaces.
Polynomial stability of piezoelectric beams with magnetic effect and tip body
Authors: An Yanning , Liu Wenjun , Kong Aowen 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we consider a dissipative system of one‐dimensional piezoelectric beam with magnetic effect and a tip load at the free end of the beam, which is modeled as a special form of double boundary dissipation. Our main aim is to study the well‐posedness and asymptotic behavior of this system. By introducing two functions defined on the right boundary, we first transform the original problem into a new abstract form, so as to show the well‐posedness of the system by using Lumer–Phillips theorem. We then divide the original system into a conservative system and an auxiliary system, and show that the auxiliary problem generates a compact operator. With the help of Weyl's theorem, we obtain that the system is not exponentially stable. Moreover, we prove the polynomial stability of the system by using a result of Borichev and Tomilov (Math. Ann. 347 (2010), 455–478).
Thermal vibration of armchair, chiral, and zigzag types of single walled carbon nanotubes using a nonlocal elasticity theory: An analytical approach
Authors: Jena Subrat Kumar , Pradyumna S. , Chakraverty S. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis research delves into the study of thermal vibration characteristics exhibited by three distinct types of Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes (SWCNTs): armchair, chiral, and zigzag configurations. The investigation is carried out using Navier's technique, which integrates a non‐local elasticity theory and Euler‐Bernoulli beam theory, providing a comprehensive understanding of carbon nanotubes (CNT) behavior under varying temperature conditions. To explore these characteristics, governing equations for vibrations are derived based on Hamilton's principle, incorporating both non‐local stress resultants. These equations are instrumental in computing the natural frequencies of Hinged‐Hinged (HH) SWCNTs subjected to low (room) and high‐temperature conditions. A detailed exploration is conducted to evaluate the influence of several key scaling parameters. These parameters encompass small‐scale effects, temperature variations, the thermal environment, and the length‑to‑thickness ratio of the CNTs, scrutinizing their impact on the first and second mode natural frequencies. This comprehensive assessment sheds light on the multifaceted interplay between these factors and the resulting vibration behaviors in SWCNTs.
From Industry 4.0 to Industry 5.0: The Triple Transition Digital, Green and Social
Authors: Schröder Antonius Johannes , Cuypers Mathias , Götting Adrian 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe paradigm Industry 5.0, to which the European Commission recently dedicated a conceptual report, focuses on both a sustainable and a human-centric and resilient industry: human-centric by using technology primarily for the benefit of people, sustainable by not harming the environment, and resilient by contributing to the security of supply and autonomous supply chains (Breque et al. in Industry 5.0: towards a sustainable, human-centric and resilient European industry. European Commission, Brussels: 14–16). This concept is no turn away from Industry 4.0 but is looking at the mainly technology-dominated approach of Industry 4.0 with a new lens and new priorities. Based on the approach of combining technological and social innovation within a common development process we will give some practical insights on how to coordinate change processes. The aim is to achieve solutions that are beneficial from several perspectives: e.g. social, economic and ecological. Grounded in our experience from industry-related multi-stakeholder projects this chapter discusses various concepts that can be applied within the Industry 5.0 approach. Particular attention is paid to the significance and importance of skills and human resources in the digital and green transformation. Additionally, the relevance of the social innovation approach is shown, leading to new practices to address societal challenges via the human-centred, sustainable and resilient Industry 5.0 perspective. The empirical background is given by the concepts and first results of our European projects for enhancing the digital and green transformation by a social transition.
Aiming for Industry 4.0: The Case of the Czech Republic
Authors: Ďurčo Roman , Pielesz Marcel , Sakařová Dana 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIndustry 4.0 (also Work 4.0 or the fourth industrial revolution) is the name for the current trend of digitization, the related automation of production and the changes in the labour market that it will bring. Industry 4.0 will be accompanied by a change in the labour market, which could cause a threat to the employment of people for whom computers with new management/decision-making systems or robotic systems controlled by these systems will replace human power (for example, production lines that will replace workers with lower qualifications). New jobs will be created, but they will require higher qualification of employees. This chapter is focused on Industry 4.0 in the Czech steel sector, it focuses on the steel industry in Ostrava, where the steel industry is mainly concentrated. It goes back to the beginnings of steelmaking in the middle of the eighteenth century and maps the gradual development and resulting changes not only for the steel sector itself, but for the entire Ostrava region. In the end, it deals with the possible future of the steel industry in the Czech Republic.
Disparities in prehospital and emergency surgical care among patients with perforated ulcers and a history of mental illness: a nationwide cohort study
Authors: Mackenhauer Julie , Christensen Erika Frischknecht , Mainz Jan , Valentin Jan Brink , Foss Nicolai Bang , Svenningsen Peter Olsen , Johnsen Søren Paaske 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Purpose
To compare patients with and without a history of mental illness on process and outcome measures in relation to prehospital and emergency surgical care for patients with perforated ulcer.

Methods
A nationwide registry-based cohort study of patients undergoing emergency surgery for perforated ulcer. We used data from the Danish Prehospital Database 2016–2017 and the Danish Emergency Surgery Registry 2004–2018 combined with data from other Danish databases. Patients were categorized according to severity of mental health history.

Results
We identified 4.767 patients undergoing emergency surgery for perforated ulcer. Among patients calling the EMS with no history of mental illness, 51% were identified with abdominal pain when calling the EMS compared to 31% and 25% among patients with a history of moderate and major mental illness, respectively. Median time from hospital arrival to surgery was 6.0 h (IQR: 3.6;10.7). Adjusting for age, sex and comorbidity, patients with a history of major mental illness underwent surgery 46 min (95% CI: 4;88) later compared to patients with no history of mental illness. Median number of days-alive-and-out-of-hospital at 90-day follow-up was 67 days (IQR: 0;83). Adjusting for age, sex and comorbidity, patients with a history of major mental illness had 9 days (95% CI: 4;14) less alive and out-of-hospital at 90-day follow-up.

Conclusion
One-third of the population had a history of mental illness or vulnerability. Patients with a history of major mental illness were less likely to be identified with abdominal pain if calling the EMS prior to arrival. They had longer delays from hospital arrival to surgery and higher mortality.