bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Photogating-assisted tunneling boosts the responsivity and speed of heterogeneous WSe2/Ta2NiSe5 photodetectors
Authors: Liu Mingxiu , Wei Jingxuan , Qi Liujian , An Junru , Liu Xingsi , Li Yahui , Shi Zhiming , Li Dabing , Novoselov Kostya S. , Qiu Cheng-Wei , Li Shaojuan 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPhotogating effect is the dominant mechanism of most high-responsivity two-dimensional (2D) material photodetectors. However, the ultrahigh responsivities in those devices are intrinsically at the cost of very slow response speed. In this work, we report a WSe2/Ta2NiSe5 heterostructure detector whose photodetection gain and response speed can be enhanced simultaneously, overcoming the trade-off between responsivity and speed. We reveal that photogating-assisted tunneling synergistically allows photocarrier multiplication and carrier acceleration through tunneling under an electrical field. The photogating effect in our device features low-power consumption (in the order of nW) and shows a dependence on the polarization states of incident light, which can be further tuned by source-drain voltages, allowing for wavelength discrimination with just a two-electrode planar structure. Our findings offer more opportunities for the long-sought next-generation photodetectors with high responsivity, fast speed, polarization detection, and multi-color sensing, simultaneously.
Human apical-out nasal organoids reveal an essential role of matrix metalloproteinases in airway epithelial differentiation
Authors: Li Liyue , Jiao Linyi , Feng Danni , Yuan Yizhang , Yang Xiaoqian , Li Jian , Jiang Dong , Chen Hexin , Meng Qingxiang , Chen Ruchong , Fang Bixing , Zou Xuenong , Luo Zhenhua , Ye Xiaoyan , Hong Yue , Liu Chun , Li Chunwei 
Published: January 2024

AbstractExtracellular matrix (ECM) assembly/disassembly is a critical regulator for airway epithelial development and remodeling. Airway organoid is widely used in respiratory research, yet there is limited study to indicate the roles and mechanisms of ECM organization in epithelial growth and differentiation by using in vitro organoid system. Moreover, most of current Matrigel-based airway organoids are in basal-out orientation where accessing the apical surface is challenging. We present a human apical-out airway organoid using a biochemically defined hybrid hydrogel system. During human nasal epithelial progenitor cells (hNEPCs) differentiation, the gel gradually degrade, leading to the organoid apical surfaces facing outward. The expression and activity of ECM-degrading enzymes, matrix metalloproteinases (MMP7, MMP9, MMP10 and MMP13) increases during organoid differentiation, where inhibition of MMPs significantly suppresses the normal ciliation, resulting in increased goblet cell proportion. Moreover, a decrease of MMPs is found in goblet cell hyperplastic epithelium in inflammatory mucosa. This system reveals essential roles of epithelial-derived MMPs on epithelial cell fate determination, and provides an applicable platform enabling further study for ECM in regulating airway development in health and diseases.
Isotope engineering for spin defects in van der Waals materials
Authors: Gong Ruotian , Du Xinyi , Janzen Eli , Liu Vincent , Liu Zhongyuan , He Guanghui , Ye Bingtian , Li Tongcang , Yao Norman Y. , Edgar James H. , Henriksen Erik A. , Zu Chong 
Published: January 2024

AbstractSpin defects in van der Waals materials offer a promising platform for advancing quantum technologies. Here, we propose and demonstrate a powerful technique based on isotope engineering of host materials to significantly enhance the coherence properties of embedded spin defects. Focusing on the recently-discovered negatively charged boron vacancy center ($${{{{{{{{\rm{V}}}}}}}}}_{{{{{{{{\rm{B}}}}}}}}}^{-}$$

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) in hexagonal boron nitride (hBN), we grow isotopically purified h10B15N crystals. Compared to $${{{{{{{{\rm{V}}}}}}}}}_{{{{{{{{\rm{B}}}}}}}}}^{-}$$

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in hBN with the natural distribution of isotopes, we observe substantially narrower and less crowded $${{{{{{{{\rm{V}}}}}}}}}_{{{{{{{{\rm{B}}}}}}}}}^{-}$$

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spin transitions as well as extended coherence time T2 and relaxation time T1. For quantum sensing, $${{{{{{{{\rm{V}}}}}}}}}_{{{{{{{{\rm{B}}}}}}}}}^{-}$$

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centers in our h10B15N samples exhibit a factor of 4 (2) enhancement in DC (AC) magnetic field sensitivity. For additional quantum resources, the individual addressability of the $${{{{{{{{\rm{V}}}}}}}}}_{{{{{{{{\rm{B}}}}}}}}}^{-}$$

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hyperfine levels enables the dynamical polarization and coherent control of the three nearest-neighbor 15N nuclear spins. Our results demonstrate the power of isotope engineering for enhancing the properties of quantum spin defects in hBN, and can be readily extended to improving spin qubits in a broad family of van der Waals materials.
Spontaneous emergence of rudimentary music detectors in deep neural networks
Authors: Kim Gwangsu , Kim Dong-Kyum , Jeong Hawoong 
Published: January 2024

AbstractMusic exists in almost every society, has universal acoustic features, and is processed by distinct neural circuits in humans even with no experience of musical training. However, it remains unclear how these innate characteristics emerge and what functions they serve. Here, using an artificial deep neural network that models the auditory information processing of the brain, we show that units tuned to music can spontaneously emerge by learning natural sound detection, even without learning music. The music-selective units encoded the temporal structure of music in multiple timescales, following the population-level response characteristics observed in the brain. We found that the process of generalization is critical for the emergence of music-selectivity and that music-selectivity can work as a functional basis for the generalization of natural sound, thereby elucidating its origin. These findings suggest that evolutionary adaptation to process natural sounds can provide an initial blueprint for our sense of music.
Cell-type differential targeting of SETDB1 prevents aberrant CTCF binding, chromatin looping, and cis-regulatory interactions
Authors: Tam Phoebe Lut Fei , Cheung Ming Fung , Chan Lu Yan , Leung Danny 
Published: January 2024

AbstractSETDB1 is an essential histone methyltransferase that deposits histone H3 lysine 9 trimethylation (H3K9me3) to transcriptionally repress genes and repetitive elements. The function of differential H3K9me3 enrichment between cell-types remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate mutual exclusivity of H3K9me3 and CTCF across mouse tissues from different developmental timepoints. We analyze SETDB1 depleted cells and discover that H3K9me3 prevents aberrant CTCF binding independently of DNA methylation and H3K9me2. Such sites are enriched with SINE B2 retrotransposons. Moreover, analysis of higher-order genome architecture reveals that large chromatin structures including topologically associated domains and subnuclear compartments, remain intact in SETDB1 depleted cells. However, chromatin loops and local 3D interactions are disrupted, leading to transcriptional changes by modifying pre-existing chromatin landscapes. Specific genes with altered expression show differential interactions with dysregulated cis-regulatory elements. Collectively, we find that cell-type specific targets of SETDB1 maintain cellular identities by modulating CTCF binding, which shape nuclear architecture and transcriptomic networks.
Constructing sulfur and oxygen super-coordinated main-group electrocatalysts for selective and cumulative H2O2 production
Authors: Zhou Xiao , Min Yuan , Zhao Changming , Chen Cai , Ke Ming-Kun , Xu Shi-Lin , Chen Jie-Jie , Wu Yuen , Yu Han-Qing 
Published: January 2024

AbstractDirect electrosynthesis of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) via the two-electron oxygen reduction reaction presents a burgeoning alternative to the conventional energy-intensive anthraquinone process for on-site applications. Nevertheless, its adoption is currently hindered by inferior H2O2selectivity and diminished H2O2yield induced by consecutive H2O2reduction or Fenton reactions. Herein, guided by theoretical calculations, we endeavor to overcome this challenge by activating a main-group Pb single-atom catalyst via a local micro-environment engineering strategy employing a sulfur and oxygen super-coordinated structure. The main-group catalyst, synthesized using a carbon dot-assisted pyrolysis technique, displays an industrial current density reaching 400 mA cm−2and elevated accumulated H2O2concentrations (1358 mM) with remarkable Faradaic efficiencies. Both experimental results and theoretical simulations elucidate that S and O super-coordination directs a fraction of electrons from the main-group Pb sites to the coordinated oxygen atoms, consequently optimizing the *OOH binding energy and augmenting the 2e−oxygen reduction activity. This work unveils novel avenues for mitigating the production-depletion challenge in H2O2electrosynthesis through the rational design of main-group catalysts.
Nanowire-assisted electrochemical perforation of graphene oxide nanosheets for molecular separation
Authors: Liu Hai , Huang Xinxi , Wang Yang , Kuang Baian , Li Wanbin 
Published: January 2024

AbstractTwo-dimensional nanosheets, e.g., graphene oxide (GO), have been widely used to fabricate efficient membranes for molecular separation. However, because of poor transport across nanosheets and high width-to-thickness ratio, the permeation pathway length and tortuosity of these membranes are extremely large, which limit their separation performance. Here we report a facile, scalable, and controllable nanowire electrochemical concept for perforating and modifying nanosheets to shorten permeation pathway and adjust transport property. It is found that confinement effects with locally enhanced charge density, electric field, and hydroxyl radical generation over nanowire tips on anode can be executed under low voltage, thereby inducing confined direct electron loss and indirect oxidation to reform configuration and composition of GO nanosheets. We demonstrate that the porous GO nanosheets with a lot of holes are suitable for assembling separation membranes with tuned accessibility, tortuosity, interlayer space, electronegativity, and hydrophilicity. For molecular separation, the prepared membranes exhibit quadruple water permeance and higher rejections for salts (>91%) and small molecules (>96%) as/than original ones. This nanowire electrochemical perforation concept offers a feasible strategy to reconstruct two-dimensional materials and tune their transport property for separation.
Full-landscape selection rules of electrons and phonons and temperature-induced effects in 2D silicon and germanium allotropes
Authors: Shu Le , Xia Yujie , Li Ben , Peng Lei , Shao Hezhu , Wang Zengxu , Cen Yan , Zhu Heyuan , Zhang Hao 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe electron-phonon (el-ph) and phonon-phonon interactions play crucial roles in determining the electronic and thermal transport properties of materials. Using the group theory and ab-initio calculations, we have derived the full-landscape selection rules for intravalley and intervalley scattering for carriers in 2D silicon and germanium allotropes with low buckled (LB) and large honeycomb dumbbell (LHD) structures, showing dominant role of optical modes in total el-ph coupling in LHD Si/Ge due to most el-ph scattering channels via acoustic modes blocked by symmetries. Remarkably, we show that due to the relatively large optical phonon bandwidth and “bunching effect" of acoustic phonon bands, the selection rules of three-phonon interactions reveal the dominant ooo and aoo channels in LHD and LB Si/Ge, respectively, and the temprature-induced effects significantly increase the ratio between mode-resolved four-phonon interactions and three-phonon interactions in most of the phonon-frequency region, finally leading to the low thermal conductivities in both LB and LHD Si/Ge. Furthermore, we observe the anomalous temperature-dependent thermal conductivities in LHD Ge, resulted from the vanishing quasi-acoustic-optical phonon gap under the temperature-induced effects. By considering full el-ph coupling and higher-order anharmonic phonon-phonon interactions, the maximal thermoelectric figures of merits in LHD Si and LB Ge are found to reach 1.06 and 0.66 at 700 K, respectively, significantly surpassing their bulk counterparts. Our work is poised to stimulate wide-ranging exploration into phonon transport across diverse materials, and benefits both fundamental knowledge and advanced technologies of 2D Si/Ge allotropes.
Structure-aware graph neural network based deep transfer learning framework for enhanced predictive analytics on diverse materials datasets
Authors: Gupta Vishu , Choudhary Kamal , DeCost Brian , Tavazza Francesca , Campbell Carelyn , Liao Wei-keng , Choudhary Alok , Agrawal Ankit 
Published: January 2024

AbstractModern data mining methods have demonstrated effectiveness in comprehending and predicting materials properties. An essential component in the process of materials discovery is to know which material(s) will possess desirable properties. For many materials properties, performing experiments and density functional theory computations are costly and time-consuming. Hence, it is challenging to build accurate predictive models for such properties using conventional data mining methods due to the small amount of available data. Here we present a framework for materials property prediction tasks using structure information that leverages graph neural network-based architecture along with deep-transfer-learning techniques to drastically improve the model’s predictive ability on diverse materials (3D/2D, inorganic/organic, computational/experimental) data. We evaluated the proposed framework in cross-property and cross-materials class scenarios using 115 datasets to find that transfer learning models outperform the models trained from scratch in 104 cases, i.e., ≈90%, with additional benefits in performance for extrapolation problems. We believe the proposed framework can be widely useful in accelerating materials discovery in materials science.
Aggregate-prone brain regions in Parkinson’s disease are rich in unique N-terminus α-synuclein conformers with high proteolysis susceptibility
Authors: Wiseman James A. , Murray Helen C. , Faull Richard L. M. F. , Dragunow Michael , Turner Clinton P. , Dieriks Birger Victor , Curtis Maurice A. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn Parkinson’s disease (PD), and other α-synucleinopathies, α-synuclein (α-Syn) aggregates form a myriad of conformational and truncational variants. Most antibodies used to detect and quantify α-Syn in the human brain target epitopes within the C-terminus (residues 96–140) of the 140 amino acid protein and may fail to capture the diversity of α-Syn variants present in PD. We sought to investigate the heterogeneity of α-Syn conformations and aggregation states in the PD human brain by labelling with multiple antibodies that detect epitopes along the entire length of α-Syn. We used multiplex immunohistochemistry to simultaneously immunolabel tissue sections with antibodies mapping the three structural domains of α-Syn. Discrete epitope-specific immunoreactivities were visualised and quantified in the olfactory bulb, medulla, substantia nigra, hippocampus, entorhinal cortex, middle temporal gyrus, and middle frontal gyrus of ten PD cases, and the middle temporal gyrus of 23 PD, and 24 neurologically normal cases. Distinct Lewy neurite and Lewy body aggregate morphologies were detected across all interrogated regions/cases. Lewy neurites were the most prominent in the olfactory bulb and hippocampus, while the substantia nigra, medulla and cortical regions showed a mixture of Lewy neurites and Lewy bodies. Importantly, unique N-terminus immunoreactivity revealed previously uncharacterised populations of (1) perinuclear, (2) glial (microglial and astrocytic), and (3) neuronal lysosomal α-Syn aggregates. These epitope-specific N-terminus immunoreactive aggregate populations were susceptible to proteolysis via time-dependent proteinase K digestion, suggesting a less stable oligomeric aggregation state. Our identification of unique N-terminus immunoreactive α-Syn aggregates adds to the emerging paradigm that α-Syn pathology is more abundant and complex in human brains with PD than previously realised. Our findings highlight that labelling multiple regions of the α-Syn protein is necessary to investigate the full spectrum of α-Syn pathology and prompt further investigation into the functional role of these N-terminus polymorphs.
Oral nanotherapeutic formulation of insulin with reduced episodes of hypoglycaemia
Authors: Hunt Nicholas J. , Lockwood Glen P. , Heffernan Scott J. , Daymond Jarryd , Ngu Meng , Narayanan Ramesh K. , Westwood Lara J. , Mohanty Biswaranjan , Esser Lars , Williams Charlotte C. , Kuncic Zdenka , McCourt Peter A. G. , Le Couteur David G. , Cogger Victoria C. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractInjectable insulin is an extensively used medication with potential life-threatening hypoglycaemic events. Here we report on insulin-conjugated silver sulfide quantum dots coated with a chitosan/glucose polymer to produce a responsive oral insulin nanoformulation. This formulation is pH responsive, is insoluble in acidic environments and shows increased absorption in human duodenum explants and Caenorhabditis elegans at neutral pH. The formulation is sensitive to glucosidase enzymes to trigger insulin release. It is found that the formulation distributes to the liver in mice and rats after oral administration and promotes a dose-dependent reduction in blood glucose without promoting hypoglycaemia or weight gain in diabetic rodents. Non-diabetic baboons also show a dose-dependent reduction in blood glucose. No biochemical or haematological toxicity or adverse events were observed in mice, rats and non-human primates. The formulation demonstrates the potential to orally control blood glucose without hypoglycaemic episodes.
Short-range translocation by a restriction enzyme motor triggers diffusion along DNA
Authors: Göse Martin , Magill Emma E. , Hughes-Games Alex , Shaw Steven J. , Diffin Fiona M. , Rawson Tara , Nagy Zsofia , Seidel Ralf , Szczelkun Mark D. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractCleavage of bacteriophage DNA by the Type III restriction-modification enzymes requires long-range interaction between DNA sites. This is facilitated by one-dimensional diffusion (‘DNA sliding’) initiated by ATP hydrolysis catalyzed by a superfamily 2 helicase-like ATPase. Here we combined ultrafast twist measurements based on plasmonic DNA origami nano-rotors with stopped-flow fluorescence and gel-based assays to examine the role(s) of ATP hydrolysis. Our data show that the helicase-like domain has multiple roles. First, this domain stabilizes initial DNA interactions alongside the methyltransferase subunits. Second, it causes environmental changes in the flipped adenine base following hydrolysis of the first ATP. Finally, it remodels nucleoprotein interactions via constrained translocation of a ∼ 5 to 22-bp double stranded DNA loop. Initiation of DNA sliding requires 8–15 bp of DNA downstream of the motor, corresponding to the site of nuclease domain binding. Our data unify previous contradictory communication models for Type III enzymes.
A type 1 immunity-restricted promoter of the IL−33 receptor gene directs antiviral T-cell responses
Authors: Brunner Tobias M. , Serve Sebastian , Marx Anna-Friederike , Fadejeva Jelizaveta , Saikali Philippe , Dzamukova Maria , Durán-Hernández Nayar , Kommer Christoph , Heinrich Frederik , Durek Pawel , Heinz Gitta A. , Höfer Thomas , Mashreghi Mir-Farzin , Kühn Ralf , Pinschewer Daniel D. , Löhning Max 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe pleiotropic alarmin interleukin-33 (IL-33) drives type 1, type 2 and regulatory T-cell responses via its receptor ST2. Subset-specific differences in ST2 expression intensity and dynamics suggest that transcriptional regulation is key in orchestrating the context-dependent activity of IL-33–ST2 signaling in T-cell immunity. Here, we identify a previously unrecognized alternative promoter in mice and humans that is located far upstream of the curated ST2-coding gene and drives ST2 expression in type 1 immunity. Mice lacking this promoter exhibit a selective loss of ST2 expression in type 1- but not type 2-biased T cells, resulting in impaired expansion of cytotoxic T cells (CTLs) and T-helper 1 cells upon viral infection. T-cell-intrinsic IL-33 signaling via type 1 promoter-driven ST2 is critical to generate a clonally diverse population of antiviral short-lived effector CTLs. Thus, lineage-specific alternative promoter usage directs alarmin responsiveness in T-cell subsets and offers opportunities for immune cell-specific targeting of the IL-33–ST2 axis in infections and inflammatory diseases.
Drone-Person Tracking in Uniform Appearance Crowd: A New Dataset
Authors: Alansari Mohamad , Abdul Hay Oussama , Alansari Sara , Javed Sajid , Shoufan Abdulhadi , Zweiri Yahya , Werghi Naoufel 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Drone-person tracking in uniform appearance crowds poses unique challenges due to the difficulty in distinguishing individuals with similar attire and multi-scale variations. To address this issue and facilitate the development of effective tracking algorithms, we present a novel dataset named D-PTUAC (Drone-Person Tracking in Uniform Appearance Crowd). The dataset comprises 138 sequences comprising over 121 K frames, each manually annotated with bounding boxes and attributes. During dataset creation, we carefully consider 18 challenging attributes encompassing a wide range of viewpoints and scene complexities. These attributes are annotated to facilitate the analysis of performance based on specific attributes. Extensive experiments are conducted using 44 state-of-the-art (SOTA) trackers, and the performance gap between the visual object trackers on existing benchmarks compared to our proposed dataset demonstrate the need for a dedicated end-to-end aerial visual object tracker that accounts the inherent properties of aerial environment.
A comprehensive dataset on spatiotemporal variation of microbial plankton communities in the Baltic Sea
Authors: Latz Meike A. C. , Andersson Agneta , Brugel Sonia , Hedblom Mikael , Jurdzinski Krzysztof T. , Karlson Bengt , Lindh Markus , Lycken Jenny , Torstensson Anders , Andersson Anders F. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe Baltic Sea is one of the largest brackish water environments on earth and is characterised by pronounced physicochemical gradients and seasonal dynamics. Although the Baltic Sea has a long history of microscopy-based plankton monitoring, DNA-based metabarcoding has so far mainly been limited to individual transect cruises or time-series of single stations. Here we report a dataset covering spatiotemporal variation in prokaryotic and eukaryotic microbial communities and physicochemical parameters. Within 13-months between January 2019 and February 2020, 341 water samples were collected at 22 stations during monthly cruises along the salinity gradient. Both salinity and seasonality are strongly reflected in the data. Since the dataset was generated with both metabarcoding and microscopy-based methods, it provides unique opportunities for both technical and ecological analyses, and is a valuable biodiversity reference for future studies, in the prospect of climate change.