bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Behavioral profile of Alzheimer's disease in Chinese elderly – a validation study of the Chinese version of the Alzheimer's disease behavioral pathology rating scale
Authors: Lam Linda C. W. , Tang W. K. , Leung Vivian , Chiu Helen F. K. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractObjectivesThis study aims to examine the psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the Alzheimer's disease behavioral pathology rating scale (CBehave‐AD) and the behavioral profile of Chinese patients with AD.MethodsSeventy‐one subjects with NINCDS‐ADRDA diagnosis of probable and possible AD were assessed for validation of the CBehave‐AD. A behavioral symptom frequency checklist, the Chinese version of the Blessed Roth dementia scale (CDS) and the Cantonese version of the Mini‐Mental State Examination (CMMSE) were used for comparison. An extended sample of 120 AD patients was then evaluated with the CBehave‐AD.ResultsHigh correlations between the CBehave‐AD and checklist scores were found (paranoid and delusional ideation, hallucinations, activity disturbances, aggressiveness and diurnal rhythm disturbances). The scale also demonstrated satisfactory inter‐rater and test‐retest reliabilities. The mean (SD) CMMSE score of the 120 patients was 9.4 (7.1). Among them, 32% have delusions, 15% had hallucinations, 54% had activity disturbances, 61% had aggressive behavior, 44% had sleep disturbance, 24% had affective disturbances, 19% had anxiety and phobias. Delusional ideation was significantly associated with hallucinations, aggressiveness, and affective disturbances. Diurnal rhythm disturbances were associated with activity disturbances and aggressiveness. CBehave‐AD total scores were not significantly correlated with severity of AD, but individual symptom categories showed different pattern of correlation. Delusions, hallucinations, anxiety and phobias were significantly correlated with dementia staging.ConclusionThe findings suggest that the CBehave‐AD is a valid assessment tool for behavioral disturbances in patients with AD. Variable associations between different symptom categories and dementia staging suggest a need for further exploration of the complex interactions between behavioral and cognitive disturbances in dementia. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Delirious mania in the elderly
Authors: Weintraub Daniel , Lippmann Steven 
Published: September 2002

AbstractDelirious mania is a clinical syndrome in which the signs and symptoms of delirium manifest themselves in the context of a manic episode. Though there have been numerous descriptions and case reports of this syndrome, all have described mania as the presenting feature, with signs of delirium developing subsequently, and none of the vignettes have involved elderly patients. We report two cases of elderly individuals with mania who initially presented as in a delirium. Both of them experienced clear manic episodes, which were confirmed by their psychiatric histories and clinical responses to mood stabilizers. Mania needs to be in the differential diagnosis of elderly people presenting with confusion, disorientation, and perceptual changes, particularly in those with a history of bipolar disorder. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An investigation of visual hallucinosis and visual sensory status in dementia
Authors: Murgatroyd C. , Prettyman R. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractIntroductionVisual hallucinosis occurs frequently amongst patients with dementia and there is some evidence of an association between hallucinosis and impaired visual function. This study examined the association between objectively rated visual acuity, ambient illumination levels and hallucinosis in patients with dementia.MethodsThirty dementia patients with visual hallucinosis plus 30 non‐hallucinating dementia patients were recruited from referrals to community mental health teams in Leicestershire. Data were collected by means of a carer interview (including the Neuro‐Psychiatric Inventory (NPI) and Clinical Dementia Rating Scale (CDR)), patient assessment (including Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE) and measures of corrected visual acuity) and photometric assessment of the room most frequently occupied by the subject.ResultsHallucinators and non‐hallucinators did not differ significantly in respect of age, cognitive status or global dementia severity. Fifty per cent of hallucinators had a Snellen visual acuity of 6/24 or worse compared with 27% of non‐hallucinators. Comparison of LogMAR transformed values for distance (Snellen chart) and near‐vision (Sussex test‐types) revealed significantly worse visual acuity for hallucinators on both measures (Mann–Whitney p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively). Ambient illumination in the centre of the room under conditions of natural plus artificial lighting was significantly lower for hallucinating subjects than for non‐hallucinators (median values 200 versus 345 Lux respectively; Mann–Whitney p < 0.05).ConclusionThese results are consistent with previous findings suggesting an association between visual hallucinations and poor visual acuity in patients with dementia, and introduce environmental illumination as another possible aetiologically relevant factor. Interventions aimed at improving visual function in this patient group now require evaluation. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A study of the reactivity of a tetraphosphadeltacyclene*
Authors: Asmus Sven M. F. , Seeber Georg , Bergsträßer Uwe , Regitz Manfred 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe selective deselenation of the recently described tetraphosphatetracycle 4a leads to the tetraphosphabishomoprismane 6 in high yield. Triethylphosphine is used as a deselenating reagent. A further example for a selective decomposition of 4a is performed by mesitylnitrile oxide (9), yielding the 1,2,4‐oxazaphosphole 10. Bromine and iodine furnish tetracyclic rearrangement products 13a,b. Finally, the applicability of the tetracycle 4a as a ligand in transition metal chemistry is evaluated by complexation with tungsten (14) and, respectively, iron (15) carbonyl fragments.Side aspects of this article are the first synthesis of 3,5‐dimesityl‐1,2,4‐selenadiphosphole 2e starting from mesitylphosphaalkyne 1e, as well as the first report on a mixed substitution at a cage compound of type 4. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 12:406–413, 2001
Estimating treatment effects in randomized clinical trials with non‐compliance: the impact of maternal smoking on birthweight
Authors: Hamilton Barton H. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThis paper assesses the causal impact of late‐term (8th month) maternal smoking on birthweight using data from a randomized clinical trial, in which some women were encouraged not to smoke, while others were not. The estimation of treatment effects in this case is made difficult as a result of the presence of non‐compliers, women who would not change their smoking status, regardless of the receipt of encouragement. Because these women are not at risk of changing treatment status, treatment effect distributions may be difficult to construct for them. Consequently, the paper focuses on obtaining the distribution of treatment impacts for the sub‐set of compliers found in the data. Because compliance status is not observed for all subjects in the sample, a Bayesian finite mixture model is estimated that recovers the treatment effect parameters of interest. The complier average treatment effect implies that smokers give birth to infants weighing 348 g less than those of non‐smokers, on average, although the 95% posterior density interval contains zero. The treatment effect is stronger for women who were moderate smokers prior to pregnancy, implying a birthweight difference of 430 g. However, the model predicts that only about 22% of the women in the sample were at risk of changing their smoking behaviour in response to encouragement to quit. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Maspin expression in stage I and II oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Yasumatsu Ryuji , Nakashima Torahiko , Hirakawa Naoya , Kumamoto Yoshihiko , Kuratomi Yuichiro , Tomita Kichinobu , Komiyama Sohtaro 
Published: September 2002

AbstractBackgroundA relatively high failure rate in the therapy of patients with early oral tongue squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) is evidenced by untreated clinically negative neck lymph node metastasis. It is important to predict the malignant potential of oral tongue SCC in stage I and II patients, because the development of lymph node metastasis directly affects the prognosis of the patients.MethodsWe evaluated maspin expression immunohistochemically in patients with stage I and II oral tongue SCCs and determined whether the expression level may be a useful factor in predicting metastatic potential and prognosis of these SCCs.ResultsClinical follow‐up data showed a longer disease‐free interval and overall survival periods for tumors immunohistochemically positive for maspin than for tumors negative for maspin, with the difference in disease‐free interval being statistically significant (p = .01). The absence of maspin expression was found more frequently in cases of subsequent cervical lymph node metastasis than in cases without metastasis (p = .03).ConclusionsDecreased maspin expression may be a significant factor associated with the metastatic potential of stage I and II oral tongue SCCs. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Head Neck 23: 962–966, 2001.
Selective dissection of levels II–III with intraoperative control of the upper and middle jugular nodes: A therapeutic option for the no neck
Authors: León Xavier , Quer Miquel , Orús César , Sancho Francisco José , Bagué Silvia , Burgués Joaquim 
Published: September 2002

AbstractBackgroundSelective neck dissections are accepted elective treatment in N0 patients. We present the results of a dissection of levels II to III and intraoperative pathologic control of a sample of subdigastric and supraomohyoid nodes in a group of patients with laryngeal carcinoma. When intraoperative analysis was positive, dissection of levels IV and V was completed.MethodsBetween 1991 and 1997, 145 neck dissections with intraoperative control were carried out in 79 patients with laryngeal carcinomas. Postoperative radiotherapy was used in 49 patients.ResultsThere were occult metastases in 29 neck dissections (20%). In 22 cases (15%), tumor was found in the nodes sent to intraoperative pathologic study, and dissection of levels IV and V was completed. In 7 additional cases tumor was found in the postoperative study. The sensitivity of the use of frozen sections in the detection of occult metastases was 76%. In no case were positive nodes found at level V. There was no regional relapse in any of the 145 selective neck dissections.ConclusionsThe lateral selective neck dissection is an effective method in the elective treatment of the neck of N0 laryngeal carcinoma patients. Dissection of level IV can be spared when intraoperative biopsy specimens of a sample of the subdigastric and supraomohyoid nodes are negative. According to our results, at present we do not consider it necessary to dissect level V in selective neck dissections in patients with laryngeal carcinoma. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Head Neck 23: 441–446, 2001.
Visualization of muscarinic receptor‐mediated phosphoinositide turnover in the hippocampus of young and aged, learning‐impaired Long Evans rats
Authors: Nicolle Michelle M. , Gallagher Michela , McKinney Michael 
Published: September 2002

AbstractHippocampal receptor‐mediated phosphoinositide (PI) turnover is severely blunted in aged rats that demonstrate cognitive deficits in the Morris water maze. To further examine the anatomical localization of this deficit, we examined the topography of muscarinic receptor‐mediated PI turnover in young and aged‐learning impaired rats by taking advantage of an autoradiographic method that visualizes PI turnover by measuring the diacylglycerol (DAG) branch of the PI turnover signal transduction system. Using this method, muscarinic cholinergic receptors were stimulated in hippocampal slices with agonist, and the receptor‐mediated incorporation of [3H]cytidine into [3H]CDP‐DAG was subsequently quantified in subregions of the hippocampus using film autoradiography. Our results show a significant decrease in basal incorporation of [3H]CDP‐DAG in the subiculum and in the dentate gyrus in the aged rats. The muscarinic receptor‐mediated [3H]CDP‐DAG response was significantly blunted in the aged rats in subiculum, CA3, and CA1. In contrast, the receptor‐mediated response was maintained in the dentate gyrus and hilus. These results indicate that the age‐associated impairment in receptor‐mediated PI turnover differs regionally, with a reduction in the subiculum and hippocampus proper that is pronounced relative to the hilus and dentate gyrus. Hippocampus 2001;11:741–746. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Heritability of hippocampal size in elderly twin men: Equivalent influence from genes and environment
Authors: Sullivan Edith V. , Pfefferbaum Adolf , Swan Gary E. , Carmelli Dorit 
Published: September 2002

AbstractRecent studies have established that environmental factors can modify hippocampal structure and enhance function in adult rodents, but the extent to which genes and the environment exert differential contributions to hippocampal structural integrity in humans is unknown. Here, we applied the twin model in a large sample of elderly twin men to examine in late life the balance of environmental and genetic effects on the size of the hippocampus in comparison with other brain structures. This study provides novel evidence that the volume of the hippocampus, as measured on MRI, is subject to substantially less genetic control than are comparison brain regions also measured: temporal horn volume, midsagittal area of the corpus callosum, and intracranial volume (ICV). In particular, about 60% of the temporal horn variance and 80% of the callosal and ICV variance was attributable to genetic influences, whereas only 40% of the hippocampal variance was attributable to genetic influences. These results suggest that environment, whether by itself or in interaction with genes, has the potential of exerting greater and possibly longer control in modifying hippocampal size than other brain regions that are under greater genetic control. Considering the potential of environmental modification of this structure suggested by lower heritability, the hippocampus appears well‐suited to support the dynamic processes of encoding and consolidation of new, declarataive memories. Hippocampus 2001;11:754–762. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Neurogranin null mutant mice display performance deficits on spatial learning tasks with anxiety related components
Authors: Miyakawa Tsuyoshi , Yared Edom , Pak Jhang Ho , Huang Freesia L. , Huang Kuo‐Ping , Crawley Jacqueline N. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractNeurogranin/RC3 is a protein that binds calmodulin and serves as a substrate for protein kinase C. Neuronally distributed in the hippocampus and forebrain, neurogranin is highly expressed in dendritic spines of hippocampal pyramidal cells, implicating this protein in long‐term potentiation and in learning and memory processes. Null mutation of the neurogranin gene Ng generated viable knockout mice for analysis of the behavioral phenotype resulting from the absence of neurogranin protein. Ng −/− mice were normal on measures of general health, neurological reflexes, sensory abilities, and motor functions, as compared to wild type littermate controls. On the Morris water task, Ng −/− mice failed to reach acquisition criterion on the hidden platform test and did not show selective search on the probe trial. In the Barnes circular maze, another test for spatial navigation learning, Ng −/− mice showed impairments on some components of transfer, but normal performance on time spent around the target hole. Abnormal and idiosyncratic behaviors were detected, that appeared to represent an anxiogenic phenotype in Ng −/− mice, as measured in the light↔dark exploration test and the open field center time parameter. These findings of apparent deficits in spatial learning and anxiety‐like tendencies in Ng −/− support a role for neurogranin in the hippocampally‐mediated interaction between stress and performance. Hippocampus 2001;11:763–775. Published 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Noradrenergic regulation of hippocampal place cells
Authors: Tanila Heikki 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe influence of noradrenergic input to the hippocampus was assessed by recording hippocampal place cells and by modulating the noradrenergic tone with a selective agonist and antagonist of the α2‐autoreceptors. The rats received intraperitoneal injection of 5 μg/kg of dexmedetomidine (DEX), an α2‐agonist, 0.2 mg/kg of atipamezole (ATI), an α2‐antagonist, or saline. Hippocampal place cells were recorded in a familiar rectangular environment and in three types of new environments (rectangle, square, and cylinder). Recordings in the familiar environment were conducted in two phases, either before (early phase) or after (late phase) the exposure to new environments. In the familiar environment, DEX significantly increased the mean firing rate of hippocampal interneurons, while ATI increased the mean firing rate of pyramidal cells. Only ATI in the early phase of the experiment impaired spatial selectivity. Both drugs induced field rotations in the early phase of the study, but in the late phase DEX decreased, while ATI increased field stability in the familiar environment. The drug effects in the new environment were dependent on degree of novelty. No difference between treatments was observed in the new rectangle, but in the square and cylinder, ATI increased the mean firing rate, number of fields, and field area compared to other treatments. Stability of the original firing fields in the familiar rectangle was dependent on type of interfering environment and drug treatment. Exposure to another rectangle had the smallest impact, and exposure to a square the largest impact, on the original field pattern. ATI impaired stability of the original field after exposure to a rectangular and cylinder, while the impairing effect of DEX was only observed after exposure to a cylinder. In conclusion, increased noradrenergic tone increases the firing rate of hippocampal place cells, especially when the experimental situation and environment are new, but this increase is spatially nonselective. Furthermore, manipulation of the noradrenergic tone in either direction leads to instability of firing fields. Hippocampus 2001;11:793–808. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Tianeptine and paroxetine in major depressive disorder, with a special focus on the anxious component in depression: an international, 6‐week double‐blind study†
Authors: Lepine Jean Pierre , Altamura Carlo , Ansseau Marc , Gutierrez Jose Luis Ayuso , Bitter Istvan , Lader Malcolm , Waintraub Lionel 
Published: September 2002

AbstractTianeptine (37.5 mg/day) and paroxetine (20 mg/day) were compared in a population of depressive patients without past or current history of co‐morbid anxiety and/or important anxiolytic treatment. In a 6‐week, double blind trial, the special focus was on anxious symptoms.Both drugs showed good efficacy on depressive symptomatology, assessed with MADRS and HDRS, but no difference was detected between tianeptine and paroxetine, for any assessment criterion. Despite the choice of selected depressive patients, without any co‐morbid anxious disorder, anxiety scale scores at inclusion (HAMA and BAS) were appreciable but correlated poorly with depressive scores. Both tianeptine and paroxetine improved the apparent anxious component in depression. Tolerability of both drugs was good, although significantly better with tianeptine.Thus tianeptine and paroxetine are effective and safe treatments for major depression and may also act directly on the anxious component of the psychopathology. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dissolved and particulate carbon dynamics in a cool‐temperate forested basin in northern Japan
Authors: Shibata Hideaki , Mitsuhashi Hiromune , Miyake Yo , Nakano Shigeru 
Published: September 2002

AbstractWhen evaluating forest functions and their responses to climate change, it is important to clarify carbon dynamics in forested basins. Carbon fluxes in litter fall, throughfall, soil solution, groundwater and stream water were determined from November 1997 to October 1998 for a forest stream ecosystem in a cool‐temperate forested basin in the Tomakomai Experimental Forest, Hokkaido University, northern Japan. The annual carbon input to the stream by litter fall was 0·23 gC m−2 year−1, with the greatest flux in the autumn. Owing to biological decomposition of litter in the stream, the carbon concentration in stream particulate organic matter (>0·45 µm) decreased as particle size decreased. The upstream carbon flux was 1·9 gC m−2 year−1, and the annual carbon output in stream water was 7·6 gC m−2 year−1, mainly as dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), resulting in net carbon output in stream water of 5·7 gC m−2 year−1. The mean dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration in soil solution was higher than that in throughfall and stream water. The estimated annual carbon flux from soil in deep (about 1·5 m) soil solution was 4·4 gC m−2 year−1. About 40% of DOC in soil solution was decomposed and converted to DIC in groundwater. These results indicate that carbon dynamics in the forest stream were affected strongly by decomposition of organic matter in the soil–groundwater–stream continuum and by the hydraulic conditions, which are characterized by a large pool of groundwater and high soil permeability. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluation of the groundwater capture zone for modelling of nutrient discharge
Authors: Taniguchi Makoto 
Published: September 2002

AbstractWe evaluated a groundwater capture zone through both chemical analysis of groundwater samples and numerical simulation to model the nutrient discharge by groundwater into Lake Biwa, Japan. Solute concentrations in groundwater decrease with depth near the lakeshore. The capture zone of the groundwater was estimated by solute concentration to be deeper than 100 m below the surface even though a clay layer exists at a depth of 10 to 20 m. Numerical simulations of changes in solute concentrations of groundwater seepage have been made using different values for the groundwater capture zone depth. Calculated concentrations agreed well with observed ones when the depth of the groundwater capture zone is set at 150 m. The combination of the chemical and physical evidence helped us to model nutrient discharge by groundwater. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.