bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reduction of acute respiratory infections in day-care by non-pharmaceutical interventions: a narrative review
Authors: Andrup Lars , Krogfelt Karen A. , Stephansen Lene , Hansen Kristian Schultz , Graversen Brian Krogh , Wolkoff Peder , Madsen Anne Mette 
Published: February 2024

ObjectiveChildren who start in day-care have 2–4 times as many respiratory infections compared to children who are cared for at home, and day-care staff are among the employees with the highest absenteeism. The extensive new knowledge that has been generated in the COVID-19 era should be used in the prevention measures we prioritize. The purpose of this narrative review is to answer the questions: Which respiratory viruses are the most significant in day-care centers and similar indoor environments? What do we know about the transmission route of these viruses? What evidence is there for the effectiveness of different non-pharmaceutical prevention measures?DesignLiterature searches with different terms related to respiratory infections in humans, mitigation strategies, viral transmission mechanisms, and with special focus on day-care, kindergarten or child nurseries, were conducted in PubMed database and Web of Science. Searches with each of the main viruses in combination with transmission, infectivity, and infectious spread were conducted separately supplemented through the references of articles that were retrieved.ResultsFive viruses were found to be responsible for ≈95% of respiratory infections: rhinovirus, (RV), influenza virus (IV), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), coronavirus (CoV), and adenovirus (AdV). Novel research, emerged during the COVID-19 pandemic, suggests that most respiratory viruses are primarily transmitted in an airborne manner carried by aerosols (microdroplets).ConclusionSince airborne transmission is dominant for the most common respiratory viruses, the most important preventive measures consist of better indoor air quality that reduces viral concentrations and viability by appropriate ventilation strategies. Furthermore, control of the relative humidity and temperature, which ensures optimal respiratory functionality and, together with low resident density (or mask use) and increased time outdoors, can reduce the occurrence of respiratory infections.
Association of vitamin D with HIV infected individuals, TB infected individuals, and HIV-TB co-infected individuals: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Xie Kaidi , Zhang Yang , Zhang Mei , Wu Hao , Zheng Luyao , Ji Jiahao , Li Zhen , Wang Wen , Zhang Tong 
Published: February 2024

BackgroundVitamin D deficiency (VDD) is a worldwide disease. VDD is also associated with an increased risk of HIV-related comorbidities and mortality, and patients have a tendency to develop active tuberculosis compared to those with latent tuberculosis infection. Vitamin D supplementation may modulate HIV replication, improve TB inflammation and reduce progression of HIV-TB co-infection.MethodsWe meta-analyzed individual participant data from cohort studies, cross-sectional study, and RCTs of vitamin D in HIV group, TB group, and HIV-TB group. The primary outcomes were differences in vitamin D level and VDD prevalence between three groups, the secondary outcomes were CD4 count, HIV viral load, time to sputum smear conversion, time to culture conversion, relapse, morality, and TB score.ResultsFor vitamin D levels, the overall mean difference (MD) between HIV group and TB group was −0.21 (95% CI, −20.80–20.38; p = 0.9, I2 = 84%), HIV group and HIV-TB group was 0.87 (95% CI, −11.45–13.20; p = 0.89, I2 = 87%), and TB group and HIV-TB group was 1.17 (95% CI, −5.21–7.55; p = 0.72, I2 = 85%). For vitamin D deficiency prevalence, the overall odds ratio (OR) for HIV group versus TB group was 1.23 (95% CI, 0.46–3.31; p = 0.68; I2 = 70%), HIV group versus HIV-TB group was 1.53 (95% CI, 1.03–2.29; p = 0.04; I2 = 0%), and TB group versus HIV-TB group was 0.85 (95% CI, 0.61–1.20; p = 0.36; I2 = 22%). In HIV-TB group, the overall OR for vitamin D group versus placebo group was 0.78 (95% CI, 0.34–1.67; p = 0.52; I2 = 60%).ConclusionOur findings indicated that there were no variations in vitamin D levels between three groups. The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was higher in the HIV-TB group than in the HIV group. Additionally, the administration of vitamin D supplements did not have obvious impact on CD4 count and viral load. Likewise, vitamin D had no effect on time to sputum smear conversion, time to culture conversion, relapse, 12-month morality, and TB score.
Norm focusing and losses—Evidence of ultimatum game experiments
Authors: Kierspel Sabrina , Neumann Thomas , Windrich Ivo , Berger Roger , Vogt Bodo 
Published: February 2024

IntroductionHuman decision-making pertaining to gains compared to those pertaining losses is shown to be quite different. However, mixed evidence is provided regarding the effect on the decision-makers' prosocial behaviors; that is, losses are shown to either increase or decrease prosocial behaviors. In this context, the effect of social norms on observed behavior can play a crucial role.MethodsTo examine this aspect in more detail, we conducted incentivized ultimatum game experiments and analyzed data from three treatments, the control treatments (without specific norm focus), and two different norm-focus treatments (“average behavior” treatment and “self-interested behavior” treatment). In total, 550 participants took part in our experiment. Basically, we found no significant difference between the division of gains and losses in the “control” and “self-interested behavior” treatments.Results and discussionHowever, we found such a difference in the “average behavior” treatment. In addition, we found that inducing a norm focus leads to less variance in proposers' behavior and a greater concentration of their demands around the induced norm in the “average behavior” treatment. In contrast, we found a higher variance in proposers' behavior in the “self-interested behavior” treatment. In terms of responders' behaviors, we observed a tendency toward a higher frequency of responders' rejections in the loss domain compared to the gains domain.
Assessing the validity of two-dimensional video analysis for measuring lower limb joint angles during fencing lunge
Authors: Chida Kenta , Inami Takayuki , Yamaguchi Shota , Nishioka Takuya , Yoshida Yasumasa , Kohtake Naohiko 
Published: February 2024

IntroductionThe fencing lunge (lunge), characterized by minimal body rotation, offers a movement well-suited for 2D video analysis. However, to the best of our knowledge, the validity of 2D video analysis for fencing has not been verified. This study aimed to validate 2D video analysis by comparing lower limb joints (hip, knee, and ankle joints) angles during lunge using both 2D video analysis and 3D motion analysis methods.MethodsTwenty-two male fencers performed lunge trials that were simultaneously recorded using eight motion capture cameras (Qualisys Miqus M1) and two digital video cameras (Sony AX-450 and AX450a).ResultsThe 2D video analysis results exhibited an extremely large correlation in knee joint angles of the front and rear legs in the sagittal with those from 3D motion analysis (r = 0.93–0.99). However, while a robust correlation was found between the ankle joint angles of the front and rear legs (r = 0.82–0.84), a large bias was also observed (−5.23° to −21.31°). Conversely, for the hip joints of the rear leg, a moderate correlation (r = 0.31) and a large bias (−10.89°) were identified.ConclusionsThe results of this study will contribute to the development of coaching using 2D video analysis in competition settings because such analysis can be a useful alternative to 3D motion analysis when measuring the knee joint angle of the front leg and rear leg in the sagittal plane. However, for the ankle joint angle, further research on the optimal shooting position and height of the digital video camera is needed, whereas for the hip joint angle, 3D motion analysis is recommended at this time.
Newborn Hospitalizations Before and During COVID-19 Pandemic in Poland: A Comparative Study Based on a National Hospital Registry
Authors: Kanecki Krzysztof , Lewtak Katarzyna , Tyszko Piotr , Kosińska Irena , Tarka Patryk , Goryński Paweł , Nitsch-Osuch Aneta 
Published: February 2024

Objectives: There are limited data on the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak in Poland on newborn health. The aim of the study is to show recent information on hospitalizations of newborns in Poland in the pre-pandemic and COVID-19 pandemic era.Methods: A retrospective, population-based study was conducted using data from hospital discharge records of patients hospitalized in 2017–2021.Results: The data on which the study was based consisted of a substantial number of 104,450 hospitalization records. Annual hospitalization rate was estimated to be 50.3–51.9 per 1,000 in 2017–2019, 56 per 1,000 in 2020 and it rose to 77.7 per 1,000 in 2021. In comparison to the pre-pandemic period, in the COVID-19 era, we observed significantly more hospitalization cases of newborns affected by maternal renal and urinary tract diseases (p &lt; 0.001), syndrome of infant of mother with gestational diabetes (p &lt; 0.001), maternal complications of pregnancy (p &lt; 0.001). In the COVID-19 era, the prevalence of COVID-19 among newborns was 4.5 cases per 1,000 newborn hospitalizations.Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic outbreak could significantly contribute to qualitative and quantitative changes in hospitalizations among newborns.
Seismic Response of MSE Walls with Various Reinforcement Configurations: Effect of Input Ground Motion Frequency
Authors: Yildirim Irem Zeynep , Turkel Berk , Guler Erol 
Published: February 2024

Mechanically stabilized earth (MSE) walls perform well under earthquake loads, and hence they are preferred in earthquake-prone regions. The multifaceted load transfer between the components of the MSE wall under seismic loads can be captured using numerical analysis. This study presents the results of a series of numerical analyses performed to investigate the effects of the frequency of the input ground motion on the seismic response of MSE walls. MSE wall design configurations were prepared using various reinforcement designs (length, vertical spacing, and stiffness). A frequent wall height of 8 m was selected for the analysis. Using two-dimensional finite element analysis, each MSE model was excited with seven (7) different input ground motion accelerograms with equal Arias Intensity, but with different frequencies ranging between 1 Hz and 8 Hz. The results of the numerical analyses indicated rotation at the top of the MSE wall in seismic conditions. The frequency versus acceleration plot for a point close to the top of the MSE wall indicated peaks for the excitations with frequencies f = 1.5 Hz and f = 4 Hz, which are close to the estimated natural frequency of the overall model (including the foundation soil) and the MSE wall, respectively. The highest normalized acceleration amplification factor solely within the MSE wall was recorded as 1.86 for the excitation with a frequency equivalent to its fundamental frequency (f ≅ 4 Hz). In this study, the 8 m high MSE wall models placed on a firm clayey foundation soil with the reinforcement parameters with length over height ratio in 0.5–1 range, axial stiffness in 600–1200 kPa range, and reinforcement vertical spacing in 0.4–0.6 m range performed satisfactorily under moderate seismic loads.
Vectorial Image Representation for Image Classification
Authors: Sánchez-Morales Maria-Eugenia , Guillen-Bonilla José-Trinidad , Guillen-Bonilla Héctor , Guillen-Bonilla Alex , Aguilar-Santiago Jorge , Jiménez-Rodríguez Maricela 
Published: February 2024

This paper proposes the transformation S→C→, where S is a digital gray-level image and C→ is a vector expressed through the textural space. The proposed transformation is denominated Vectorial Image Representation on the Texture Space (VIR-TS), given that the digital image S is represented by the textural vector C→. This vector C→ contains all of the local texture characteristics in the image of interest, and the texture unit T→ entertains a vectorial character, since it is defined through the resolution of a homogeneous equation system. For the application of this transformation, a new classifier for multiple classes is proposed in the texture space, where the vector C→ is employed as a characteristics vector. To verify its efficiency, it was experimentally deployed for the recognition of digital images of tree barks, obtaining an effective performance. In these experiments, the parametric value λ employed to solve the homogeneous equation system does not affect the results of the image classification. The VIR-TS transform possesses potential applications in specific tasks, such as locating missing persons, and the analysis and classification of diagnostic and medical images.
Impact of the Post-Harvest Period on the Chemical and Sensorial Properties of planifolia and pompona Vanillas
Authors: Ravier Anaïck , Chalut Pauline , Belarbi Saida , Santerre Cyrille , Vallet Nadine , Nhouchi Zeineb 
Published: February 2024

Vanilla production in Guadeloupe is expanding. The main species grown is Vanilla planifolia, but other species such as Vanilla pompona are also present and required by industries. To upgrade the value of vanilla production on this Caribbean Island, this study was performed to evaluate the aromatic specifies of these vanilla species according to the length of the post-harvest period (2 months and 9 months). For this purpose, Vanilla planifolia and Vanilla pompona were compared through scald and scarification transformation processes, as well as two different refining times (T1 and T2). For chemical characterization, 0.1 g of vanilla bean seeds was used for SMPE/GC-MS measurements, while 0.05 g of vanilla samples was subjected to infusion in milk (0.15%) for sensory evaluation. The latter involved generation of terms of aroma through olfaction and gustation sessions. The chemical results showed a significant difference between the two species, where vanillin was mostly present in Vanilla planifolia, unlike Vanilla pompona, where it was mainly rich in 4-methoxybenzyl alcohol. Interestingly, the second refining time was characterized by the appearance of two major components, 1,3-octadien and acetic acid. For sensory analysis, all the vanillas exhibited a high diversity of aromas including “sweet”, ”gourmand”, “spicy” flavors and so on. The application of factorial correspondence analysis (FAC) as well as the agglomerative hierarchical clustering (AHC) showed differences between the vanilla samples according to both the species and refining time. The combination of these analyses makes it possible to establish a chemical and organoleptic profile of vanillas. Varietal and processing factors both have a major impact on the aroma profile of vanillas.
Severe mental illness and cardioprotective medication prescribing: a qualitative study in general practice
Authors: Vettini Amanda , Brennan Gearóid K , Mercer Stewart W , Jackson Caroline A 
Published: February 2024

Background
Patients with severe mental illness (SMI) die 10–20 years earlier than the general population. They have a higher risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) yet may experience lower cardioprotective medication prescribing.

Aim
To understand the challenges experienced by GPs in prescribing cardioprotective medication to patients with SMI.

Design & setting
A qualitative study with 15 GPs from 11 practices in two Scottish health boards, including practices servicing highly deprived areas (Deep End).

Method
Semi-structured one-to-one interviews with fully qualified GPs with clinical experience of patients with SMI. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed thematically.

Results
Participants aimed to routinely prescribe cardioprotective medication to relevant patients with SMI but were hampered by various challenges. These structural and contextual barriers included the following: lack of funding for chronic disease management; insufficient consultation time; workforce shortages; IT infrastructure; and navigating boundaries with mental health services. Patient-related barriers included patients’ complex health and social needs, their understandable prioritisation of mental health needs or existing physical conditions, and presentation during crises. Professional barriers comprised GPs’ desire to practise holistic medicine rather than treating via cardioprotective prescribing in isolation, and concerns about patients’ medication concordance if patients were not prioritising this aspect of their health care at that particular time. In terms of enablers for cardioprotective prescribing, participants emphasised continuity of care as fundamental in engaging this patient group in effective cardiovascular health management. A cross-cutting theme was the current GP workforce crisis leading to ‘firefighting’ and diminishing capacity for primary prevention. This was particularly acute in Deep End practices, which have a high proportion of patients with complex needs and greater resource challenges.

Conclusion
Although participants aspire to prescribe cardioprotective medication to patients with SMI, professional-, system- and patient-level barriers often make this challenging, particularly in deprived areas owing to patient complexity and the inverse care law.
Pengabdian Masyarakat dengan Meningkatkan Minat Belajar pada Anak SDN 02 Babakanraden Melalui Metode Pembelajaran Kuis Interaktif
Authors: Paramitra Yuaniko , Rahmawantari Dhistianti Mei , Jordan Jeremy , Fauzi Muhammad , Hotmaruli Ryan , Herbayu Tatag 
Published: February 2024

Community service is intended so that childrens can be independent in everyday learning and can increase their interest in learning. The methods used are: 1) learning assistance, 2) quiz, 3) test/practice questions, and 4) interaction/question and answer. The results of this activity shows that children are comfortable, increasing their intention to study and happy when learning, both with learning materials, subjects, or with quiz interactive learning methods.
Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Desa Semangat Karya Kabupeten Barito Kuala Melalui Kegiatan Akuaponik dan Budidaya Ikan dalam Ember (Budikdamber)
Authors: Ash'ari Fuzi Maulana , Ni'mah Gusti Khairun , Hasiani Yarna , Ilhamiyah Ilhamiyah 
Published: February 2024

Salah satu cara memanfaatkan lahan pekarangan rumah dengan cara menggunakan metode akuaponik dan budidaya ikan dalam ember (budikdamber). Kegiatan memelihara atau beternak ikan dengan memanfaatkan lahan yang sempit di perumahan merupakan sesuatu yang cukup sulit untuk dilakukan di Desa Semangat Karya Kabupaten Barito Kuala yang didominasi oleh rawa, belum ada pendampingan pemberdayaan masyarakat desa dalam kegiatan beternak ikan menjadi faktor utama dalam kurangnya minat masyarakat. Oleh karena itu, kegiatan pengabdian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan pengetahuan dan pelatihan guna menunjang keterampilan dalam kegiatan budidaya ikan dalam ember (budikdamber) dan akuaponik. Metode pelaksanaan kegiatan pengabdian ini diawali dengan mengisi kuesioner pretest, presentasi materi kemudian dilanjutkan dengan posttest dan kegiatan pendampingan peserta dalam budidaya ikan dalam ember (budikdamber) dan akuaponik. Hasil dari adalah peningkatan pengetahuan dan pemahaman serta keterampilan dalam kegiatan budidaya ikan dalam ember (budikdamber) dan akuaponik di desa Semangat Karya Kecamatan Alalak Kabupaten Barito Kuala.
Kewirausahaan: Membangun Ide Bisnis dengan Business Model
Authors: Lisandri Lisandri , Goenadhi Lydia , Hanifah Hanifah , Syam Akhmad Yafiz , Kaharapen Lukas , Budiyanto Fajar Halim 
Published: February 2024

Tujuan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini adalah sebagai penguatan pendidikan karakter kewirausahaan dan pelatihan mengembangkan ide bisnis bagi siswa/i kelas XII SMA Frater Don Bosco Banjarmasin. Sekolah ini memiliki misi mengembangkan minat berwirausaha dan karakter kewirausahaan bagi lulusannya. Masalah terbesar dalam membangun karakter kewirausahaan adalah kurangnya motivasi dan kemampuan kreativitas, serta inovasi ide binis. Kegiatan ini menggunakan pendekatan pelatihan dan tutorial kepada sebanyak 65 orang peserta. Peserta dimotivasi agar memiliki spirit dan jiwa kewirausahaan dan dilatih penggunaan tools Business Model Canvas (BMC) dalam memetakan ide bisnis, memvalidasi ide tersebut sampai pada rencana pengembangannya. Setelah dilakukan posttest, diperoleh kesimpulan berikut: 1). Peserta mengenal dan memahami pentingnya peran seorang wirausaha; 2.) Peserta termotivasi dan mampu menggali ide bisnis secara kreatif dan menguji kelayakannya; 3)Peserta mampu menggunakan BMC sebagai alat untuk mewujudkan ide bisnis di atas kertas (canvas) secara sistematik; serta 4) Peserta memahami 9 elemen penting dalam menjalankan ide bisnis secara kreatif dan inovatif. Pelatihan kewirausahaan perlu dilanjutkan dengan materi-materi lainnya untuk tujuan yang sama. Para pihak yang berkepentingan diharapkan menindaklanjuti hasil pelatihan sehingga hasilnya menjadi nyata.
PERTUMBUHAN TANAMAN POHPOHAN (Pilea trinervia Wight) PADA BERBAGAI KOMPOSISI PUPUK NITROGEN ORGANIK
Authors: Rahayu Arifah , Djiwandono Muhammad Dirman , Rochman Nur 
Published: February 2024

Pohpohan merupakan tanaman indigenous Jawa Barat yang dikonsumsi bagian daun mudanya, sehingga unsur nitrogen berperan penting dalam pertumbuhannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui respon tanaman pohpohan (Pilea trinevia Wight.) pada pemberian berbagai komposisi pupuk nitrogen organik. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) faktor tunggal dengan 10 taraf perlakuan komposisi pupuk N, yaitu P0 = tanpa pupuk N, P1 = 100% N-urea, P2 = 100% N-urine sapi, P3 = 100% N-kompos kipahit (Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl.) A. Gray), P4 = 75% N-urea + 25% N-urine sapi, P5 = 75% N-urea + 25% N-kompos kipahit, P6 = 50% N-urea + 50% N-urine sapi, P7 = 50% N-urea + 50% kompos kipahit, P8 = 25% N-urea+75% N-urine sapi, dan P9 = 25% N-urea+75% N-kompos kipahit. Dosis pupuk N yang digunakan adalah 100 kg N/ha. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tinggi tanaman dan luas daun pohpohan tidak berbeda antar komposisi pupuk N. Aplikasi 100% N-urine sapi menghasilkan jumlah daun tidak berbeda nyata dengan 100% N-urea dan gabungan urea dengan pupuk organik. Penggunaan komposisi pupuk Urea dengan urine sapi atau kompos kipahit menghasilkan jumlah tunas dan panjang tunas total tidak berbeda nyata dengan yang diberi 100% N-Urea, sehingga dapat menjadi alternatif substitusi pupuk Urea.