bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Computed tomography and guidelines‐based human–machine fusion model for predicting resectability of the pancreatic cancer
Authors: Yimamu Adilijiang , Li Jun , Zhang Haojie , Liang Lidu , Feng Lei , Wang Yi , Zhou Chenjie , Li Shulong , Gao Yi 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackground and AimThe study aims to develop a hybrid machine learning model for predicting resectability of the pancreatic cancer, which is based on computed tomography (CT) and National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines.MethodWe retrospectively studied 349 patients. One hundred seventy‐one cases from Center 1 and 92 cases from Center 2 were used as the primary training cohort, and 66 cases from Center 3 and 20 cases from Center 4 were used as the independent test dataset.Semi‐automatic module of ITK‐SNAP software was used to assist CT image segmentation to obtain three‐dimensional (3D) imaging region of interest (ROI). There were 788 handcrafted features extracted for 3D ROI using PyRadiomics. The optimal feature subset consists of three features screened by three feature selection methods as the input of the SVM to construct the conventional radiomics‐based predictive model (cRad). 3D ROI was used to unify the resolution by 3D spline interpolation method for constructing the 3D tumor imaging tensor. Using 3D tumor image tensor as input, 3D kernelled support tensor machine‐based predictive model (KSTM), and 3D ResNet‐based deep learning predictive model (ResNet) were constructed. Multi‐classifier fusion ML model is constructed by fusing cRad, KSTM, and ResNet using multi‐classifier fusion strategy. Two experts with more than 10 years of clinical experience were invited to reevaluate each patient based on their CECT following the NCCN guidelines to obtain resectable, unresectable, and borderline resectable diagnoses. The three results were converted into probability values of 0.25, 0.75, and 0.50, respectively, according to the traditional empirical method. Then it is used as an independent classifier and integrated with multi‐classifier fusion machine learning (ML) model to obtain the human–machine fusion ML model (HMfML).ResultsMulti‐classifier fusion ML model's area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC; 0.8610), predictive accuracy (ACC: 80.23%), sensitivity (SEN: 78.95%), and specificity (SPE: 80.60%) is better than cRad, KSTM, and ResNet‐based single‐classifier models and their two‐classifier fusion models. This means that three different models have mined complementary CECT feature expression from different perspectives and can be integrated through CFS‐ER, so that the fusion model has better performance. HMfML's AUC (0.8845), ACC (82.56%), SEN (84.21%), SPE (82.09%). This means that ML models might learn extra information from CECT that experts cannot distinguish, thus complementing expert experience and improving the performance of hybrid ML models.ConclusionHMfML can predict PC resectability with high accuracy.
Recycled or reusable: A multi‐method assessment of eco‐friendly packaging in online retail
Authors: Frommeyer Britta , Koch Julia , Scagnetti Carla , Lorenz Manuel , Schewe Gerhard 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe rapid growth of online retail increases the demand for packaging. Although packaging is necessary to fulfill logistic and marketing functions, it fosters the depletion of resources, is often used carelessly, and thus negatively impacts the environment. Eco‐friendly packaging variants could provide a solution to this problem. Since many stakeholders must be involved to promote their use, this study develops a conceptual framework that reconciles their different perspectives and combines these with an environmental assessment to facilitate the transition to more sustainable online retail. We apply a multi‐method research approach to investigate the different views. We use qualitative interviews and website analyses to capture the perspective of online retailers, conduct an online survey (n = 1491) to investigate consumers’ perceptions of various product and transport packaging alternatives, and perform a life cycle assessment (LCA) of these options. The findings reveal that online retailers lack knowledge regarding consumer preferences and the environmental impact of packaging. The consumer survey shows a strong preference for packaging made from recycled paper and general avoidance of plastic packaging. The LCA results reveal that recycled and reusable variants are environmentally beneficial. The findings are interpreted in light of the relationships assumed in the conceptual framework. From a theoretical perspective, our results indicate that online retailers are concerned about the signaling role of packaging and that consumers refer to heuristic cues when deciding between packaging variants. We reconcile the different perspectives to propose strategies that contribute to a broader distribution of eco‐friendly packaging in online retail.
Supporting families with complex early parenting needs through a virtual residential parenting service: An investigation of outcomes, facilitators and barriers
Authors: Traynor Nicole M. , Hughes Melanie , Wood Angela , Onslow Gillian , Edwards Karen , Clements Jessica , Kohlhoff Jane 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAimTo investigate clients' perspectives about outcomes of a telehealth residential unit (RU) program for families experiencing complex early parenting issues, and to explore facilitators and barriers to positive client outcomes.DesignQualitative study using semi‐structured interviews.MethodsSemi‐structured interviews were conducted with mothers (n = 18) admitted to a telehealth RU program. Interview transcripts were analysed using thematic analysis.ResultsMothers reported short‐term improvements in their child's presenting issues (e.g. feeding to sleep, night‐time waking, co‐sleeping), increased confidence and increased partner involvement. According to participants, program outcomes were facilitated by a positive parent–clinician relationship, the accessibility of clinicians and being able to take part in the program from their own home. Barriers included difficulties with technical equipment and connecting with the clinician overnight, and challenges with implementing strategies in the longer term.ConclusionThis nurse‐led telehealth program was viewed positively by parents and the study identified a number of areas for improvement.Implications for the profession and/or Patient careTelehealth early parenting programs provide an important way for parents to receive support with early child sleep, settling and feeding issues. Clinicians working in this area should focus on the development of positive parent–nurse relationships, enhancing communication and availability for parents during overnight periods and supporting parents to develop early parenting skills that will be applicable across the early childhood period.ImpactThe study is the first to address client experiences of a telehealth RU program. Facilitators and barriers identified will inform service improvements to the program going forward, and similar telehealth programs for families; to ensure benefits and service outcomes are maximised for parents for such a crucial service.Reporting methodThe Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research (COREQ) guidelines for qualitative research were followed.
The Women Farmer Stress Inventory: Examining women farmer stress in the United States Corn Belt
Authors: Nichols Carly E. , Davis Jonathan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPurposeWhile women identifying as primary farmers have increased in the United States, there has not been research focused on the antecedents of stress and quality of life among women farmers in particular. This study set out to construct a Women Farmer Stress Inventory (WFSI), test its dimensionality, and assess its criterion‐related validity by looking at its relationship with subjective wellbeing as measured by the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS). We then examined sociodemographic and farm‐level correlates to assess their relationship with stress.MethodsWe utilized responses from a random sample of 592 Iowan women farmers who responded to a mailout survey that included the WFSI. We conducted exploratory factor analysis to identify the factorial structure of the WFSI, and used linear regression to evaluate how sociodemographic and farm‐level characteristics were related to each factor.ResultsThe analysis revealed 5 unique factors that reflected different aspects of women farmer stress: time pressures and workload, environmental concern, external stressors from governments and market, interpersonal relationships, and rural amenities. All factors except rural amenities had high levels of internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha >0.80) and were validated using the external criteria of SWLS measures. Young age, being married, and engagement in off‐farm work, and smaller farm size were associated with greater levels of stress across most domains.ConclusionThe WFSI is a promising tool that shows high internal consistency and is validated with life satisfaction. Our study also finds certain sociodemographic and farm characteristics associated with different stress domains, which could inform both future research and community‐based interventions.
Why do owls have it worse? Mediating role of self‐perceptions in the links between diurnal preference and features of mental health
Authors: Gorgol Joanna , Stolarski Maciej , Nikadon Jan 
Published: November 2023

SummaryRecent research provides evidence for the negative social perceptions of evening chronotypes and their consequences on mental health. However, there is a lack of studies indicating whether these negative, socially shared beliefs may become internalized in negative self‐perceptions of evening‐types (E‐types). The present article provides a seminal empirical analysis of the role of self‐liking and self‐competence in the associations between chronotype and both depressiveness and well‐being. In the first part of the study, the participants completed the Composite Scale of Morningness. On the basis of the chronotype cut‐off criteria for Composite Scale of Morningness distribution, 100 individuals were classified as morning‐types (M‐types) and 66 individuals as E‐types. Therefore, 166 participants (80 women and 86 men) aged 18–36 years (M ± SD: 29.27 ± 4.81 years) took part in the second part of the study, and completed questionnaires measuring self‐liking, self‐competence, life satisfaction, positive and negative affect, and depressiveness. Results show that E‐types scored lower in self‐liking, self‐competence and subjective well‐being, and higher in depressive symptoms than M‐types. Controlling for age and gender, we obtained significant mediation effects, showing that the relationship between chronotype and subjective well‐being might stem from the lower levels of self‐liking and self‐competence among E‐types, and that the relationship between chronotype and depressive symptoms might stem from the lower level of self‐liking among E‐types. Our results suggest that self‐liking and self‐competence are important antecedents of lower well‐being and higher depressiveness reported by E‐types. Socially shared stereotypes of M‐types and E‐types can be internalized by the extreme chronotypes, which may significantly affect their psychological health.
Factors involved in the one‐year changes in the tracheal diameter of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis undergoing tracheostomy positive pressure ventilation
Authors: Shibasaki Nobuhiko , Konishi Kaoru , Miyagawa Tetsuo , Numayama Takaya 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundTracheostomy positive pressure ventilation (TPPV) is associated with complications in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), particularly tracheostomy tube‐related problems.AimTo determine the frequency of patients with ALS who received TPPV that have tracheal enlargement and factors associated with changes in tracheal diameter.MethodsWe included 43 patients with ALS undergoing TPPV who were admitted at Sayama Neurological Hospital in October 2019. The tracheal diameter at the height of the tracheostomy tube cuff was measured radiographically at specific time points. Tidal volume, inspiratory maximum pressure (PIP), dynamic lung compliance (Cdyn), tracheostomy tube cuff data, and patient demographic information and data were also collected.ResultsThe frequency of tracheomegaly was 60.5% at the initial data collection. The differences in tracheal diameter between the first measurement, after 12 months, and between 3 and 12 months were significant. ΔTracheal diameter correlated with TPPV duration, PIP, Cdyn, ΔPIP, ΔCdyn, and tracheal diameter. Multiple regression analysis, with Δtracheal diameter as the objective variable and TPPV duration, Cdyn, and tracheal diameter as explanatory variables, revealed an adjusted R‐square value of 0.36.ConclusionTracheomegaly and more enlarged tracheal diameters over time were more frequently observed in patients with ALS receiving TPPV. Furthermore, the trachea dilates over time and the tracheal diameter was related to baseline TPPV time, Cdyn, and tracheal diameter. Patients with shorter baseline TPPV duration, higher baseline Cdyn, and smaller baseline tracheal diameter were more likely to have larger tracheal diameters. Therefore, early prevention is important.
Evolution of ventricular and valve function in patients with right ventricular pacing – A randomized controlled trial comparing leadless and conventional pacing
Authors: Garweg Christophe , Duchenne Jürgen , Vandenberk Bert , Mao Yankai , Ector Joris , Haemers Peter , Poels Patricia , Voigt Jens‐Uwe , Willems Rik 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundLeadless pacemakers (PMs) were recently introduced to overcome lead‐related complications. They showed high safety and efficacy profiles. Prospective studies assessing long‐term safety on cardiac structures are still missing.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to compare the mechanical impact of Micra with conventional PM on heart function.MethodsWe conducted a non‐inferiority trial in patients with an indication for single chamber ventricular pacing. Patients were 1:1 randomized to undergo implantation of either Micra or conventional monochamber ventricular pacemaker (PM). Patients underwent echocardiography at baseline, 6 and 12 months after implantation. Analysis included left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), global longitudinal strain (GLS) and valve function. N‐terminal‐pro hormone B‐type natriuretic peptide (NT‐pro‐BNP) levels were measured at baseline and 12 months.ResultsFifty‐one patients (27 in Micra group and 24 in conventional group) were included. Baseline characteristics were similar for both groups. At 12 months, (1) the left ventricular function as assessed by LVEF and GLS worsened similarly in both groups (∆LVEF −10 ± 7.3% and ∆GLS +5.7 ± 6.4 in Micra group vs. −13.4 ± 9.9% and +5.2 ± 3.2 in conventional group) (p = 0.218 and 0.778, respectively), (2) the severity of tricuspid valve regurgitation was significantly lower with Micra than conventional pacing (p = 0.009) and (3) median NT‐pro‐BNP was lower in Micra group (970 pg/dL in Micra group versus 1394 pg/dL in conventional group, p = 0.041).ConclusionMicra is non inferior to conventional PMs concerning the evolution of left ventricular function at 12‐month follow‐up. Our data suggest that Micra has a comparable mechanical impact on the ventricular systolic function but resulted in less valvular dysfunction.
The Airy equation with nonlocal conditions
Authors: Normatov B. , Smith D. A. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWe study a third‐order dispersive linear evolution equation on the finite interval subject to an initial condition and inhomogeneous boundary conditions but, in place of one of the three boundary conditions that would typically be imposed, we use a nonlocal condition, which specifies a weighted integral of the solution over the spatial interval. Via adaptations of the Fokas transform method (or unified transform method), we obtain a solution representation for this problem. We also study the time periodic analog of this problem, and thereby obtain long time asymptotics for the original problem with time periodic boundary and nonlocal data.
Linear alopecia in pediatrics: RCM and dermoscopy reveal diagnostic cues
Authors: Wang Ying , Chen Lixin , Qin Bei , Li Qinfeng 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundAlopecia areata (AA), trichotillomania (TM), nevus sebaceous (NS), and linear scleroderma en coup de sabre (LSCS) can all present with a patch of linear alopecia, making diagnosis challenging. The purpose of this study was to combine reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) and dermoscopy in the diagnosis of these lesions in children.MethodsA total of 36 patients with linear alopecia were enrolled, of whom 14 had AA, seven had TM, nine had NS, and six had LSCS. We evaluated the characteristics and distinguishing features of the four conditions using RCM and dermoscopy.ResultsThe key to differential diagnosis was the dermal Hair follicle density in the dermis was decreased in AA, and the size and density of the follicular openings were normal in TM. In NS, the major features were petal‐like and frogspawn‐like structures. In LSCS, dermal papillary rings, sebaceous glands, and follicles were partially or completely missing, and abundant fibrous material was distributed in the dermis. Dermoscopy revealed alopecia, and all four conditions resulted in decreased hair density. AA patients exhibited yellow dots, black dots, and exclamation mark hairs. TM patients presented with irregularly broken hairs and blood spots. Both NS and LSCS patients exhibited an absence of follicular openings; NS patients demonstrated whitish and yellowish round structures, while an atrophic area with white patches, linear vessels, and no yellow or black dots was observed in LSCS patientsConclusionRCM combined with dermoscopy can provide additional information on disease states and differentiate between AA, TM, NS, and LSCS.
Empowering medical students through collaborative writing sessions
Authors: Chapman Helena J. , Veras‐Estévez Bienvenido A. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundScientific writing and critical appraisal of the literature are fundamental skills for future physicians. However, these skills have been inconsistently prioritised across medical curricula, leaving medical trainees to seek these skills through continuing education courses.ApproachWe conducted a series of complementary collaborative writing sessions (introductory workshop with 3‐month practical sessions) with direct supervision to medical trainees (medical students and recent medical graduates) in the Dominican Republic between 2017 and 2020. We also examined medical trainees' perceptions of these collaborative writing sessions, as a mechanism to advance technical writing and critical analysis skills for their professional training and personal growth.EvaluationParticipants described the perceived enabling factors of the collaborative writing sessions that led to their publications as: (1) detailed agenda; (2) direct mentorship; (3) effective teamwork; (4) personal investment and dedication; and (5) future vision.ImplicationsThese collaborative writing sessions, consisting of a viable agenda and timeline, direct mentorship with timely feedback, and team dynamics, are recognised as an innovative model for medical trainees in the Dominican Republic. This academic model and approach can be adapted to meet the specific needs of health professional students across the globe. By mastering these fundamental written communication skills, medical trainees can contribute to research and policy development, lead health education initiatives, advocate for best clinical practices in patient care, and mentor the next generation of trainees.
Zoonotic transmission of diphtheria toxin‐producing Corynebacterium ulcerans
Authors: Hillan Adeline , Gibbs Tristan , Weaire‐Buchanan Graham , Brown Tracy , Pang Stanley , McEvoy Suzanne P. , Parker Erica 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundDiphtheria caused by toxin‐producing Corynebacterium ulcerans is a re‐emerging human disease that can cause local and systemic sequelae. In Australia, toxigenic diphtheria is a rare notifiable communicable disease, due to high‐vaccination coverage. The public health management of cutaneous cases of toxigenic C. ulcerans varies between jurisdictions, as opposed to the more uniform public health response to toxigenic Corynebacterium diphtheriae presenting as respiratory or laryngeal diphtheria.AimTo report a case of zoonotically acquired C. ulcerans, review evidence on the zoonotic reservoir and reported transmission events, and examine public health guidelines for the management of human and animal contacts.Methods and ResultsIn this case report, we detail our case investigation, treatment and public health management, including contact tracing and an approach to animal testing. We successfully identified companion canines as probable sources for the human case, with WGS confirming the link. The zoonotic disease link of C. ulcerans to domestic and agricultural animals is established in the literature; however, the management of animal contacts in human cases is inconsistent with jurisdictional or national guidelines.ConclusionsWhile a rare disease, a consistent approach to public health management is warranted to systematically elucidate the disease source and improve understanding of transmission.
The TMEM16A anion channel as a versatile regulator of vascular tone
Authors: Tammaro Paolo 
Published: November 2023

The TMEM16A channel represents a key depolarizing mechanism in arterial smooth muscle and contractile pericytes, where it is activated by several endogenous contractile agonists. In this issue of
Science Signaling
, Mata-Daboin
et al.
demonstrate a previously unidentified role for TMEM16A in endothelial cells for acetylcholine-mediated vasorelaxation. Collectively, TMEM16A serves as a transducer of vasoactive stimuli to enable fine modulation of vessel tone.
Bacterial heterogeneity and antibiotic persistence: bacterial mechanisms utilized in the host environment
Authors: Cotten Katherine L. , Davis Kimberly Michele 
Published: November 2023

SUMMARY

Antibiotic persistence, or the ability of small subsets of bacteria to survive prolonged antibiotic treatment, is an underappreciated cause of antibiotic treatment failure. Over the past decade, researchers have discovered multiple different stress responses and mechanisms that can promote antibiotic persistence. However, many of these studies have been completed in culture-based systems that fail to truly replicate the complexities of the host environment, and it is unclear whether the mechanisms defined in
in vitro
studies are applicable during host infection. In this review, we focus our discussion on recent studies that utilize a mixture of
ex vivo
culture systems and animal models to understand what stressors in the host environment are important for inducing antibiotic persistence. Different host stressors are involved depending on the anatomical niche the bacteria reside in and whether the host immune system is primed to generate a more robust response against bacteria, which can result in differing downstream effects on antibiotic susceptibility. Bacterial pathogens can also utilize specific strategies to reprogram their metabolism, which is vital for transitioning into an antibiotic-persistent state within host tissues. Importantly, we highlight that more attention is needed to establish guidelines for
in vivo
work on antibiotic persistence, particularly when identifying antibiotic-persistent subpopulations and distinguishing these phenotypes from antibiotic tolerance. Studying antibiotic persistence in the context of the host environment will be crucial for developing tools and strategies to target antibiotic-persistent bacteria and increase the efficacy of antibiotic treatment.