bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A qualitative study of perceived barriers and facilitators to interrupting sedentary behavior among adults living with obesity
Authors: Curran Fiona , Brennan Carol , Matthews James , O’ Donoghue Grainne 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIntroductionBoth obesity and sedentary behavior (SB) are associated with negative health consequences including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, certain cancers and all‐cause mortality. To date, perceived barriers and facilitators to interrupting SB in adults living with obesity have not been identified.ObjectiveThis study aimed to identify these perceived barriers and facilitators by conducting a behavioral analysis underpinned by the theoretical domains framework (TDF) and the Capability, Opportunity, Motivation‐Behavior (COM‐B) model to enhance knowledge and inform future intervention development.MethodsA purposive and snowball sample (N = 21) of adults living with obesity took part in semi‐structured interviews, guided by the TDF, to investigate perceived barriers or facilitators to interrupt SB. Transcribed interviews were inductively coded using reflexive thematic analysis. Key themes and subthemes were generated by grouping similar and recurring codes. Finally, subthemes were mapped to the TDF and COM‐B.ResultsFive key themes were identified, which influence SB across all domains of living. These relate to (i) physical and mental wellbeing; (ii) motivational readiness; (iii) roles, responsibilities and support; (iv) weight bias and stigma; and (v) the environment. These themes were then deductively mapped to all 14 TDF domains and all six of the COM‐B constructs.ConclusionA complex interplay of individual, societal and policy factors contributes to the development and habituation of SB patterns in adults living with obesity. Factors identified in this study could assist in the development of interventions, strategies and policies designed to interrupt or reduce sedentary behavior in this population.
Biodegradable composite from discarded hair keratin and graphene oxide with improved mechanical, thermal and barrier properties: an eco‐friendly solution to waste materials
Authors: Noyon Md Ashikur Rahaman , Uddin Md. Elias , Dey Thuhin Kumar , Jamal Mamun , Sivanantham Gokulkumar , Islam Rashedul 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn recent years, there has been a growing concern to counter environmental pollution, and as a result the development of biodegradable materials in various applications has become a major focus. This study aimed to fabricate a biodegradable composite by utilizing discarded hair keratin from beamhouse processing in leather production along with incorporating graphene oxide (GO) to reduce pollution. The composite was prepared using a simple solution mixing method, where the amino functional group of keratin and the carboxyl group of GO were covalently bonded under a redox system. Various analyses, including UV–visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, SEM, biodegradability and oxygen gas transmittance rate, were carried out to evaluate the composite's structure and performance. The results demonstrated that GO was successfully integrated into the keratin matrix, with uniform dispersion of GO observed instead of agglomeration. The composite with the optimum ratio exhibited a 173.98% increase in tensile strength and a 33.52% decrease in elongation as well as improved thermal and biodegradation properties compared to pure keratin. Furthermore, the composite displayed significantly better gas barrier properties (39%) than pure keratin, which can be attributed to the reduction of intermolecular gaps through the composite's strong bonding. Hence, the keratin‐GO composite is a cost‐effective and biodegradable solution to waste materials, with potential use as a packaging material. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Room temperature nickel‐catalyzed reductive coupling of end‐brominated polystyrene chains
Authors: Chong Jaden L. , Burch Alisha M. , Otero Danielle M. , Tillman Eric S. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractFacile, room‐temperature coupling of brominated polymer chains can be accomplished in high yields (~80%) using a nickel‐based catalytic cycle that also includes magnesium and zinc. The extent of coupling (Xc) was found to be similarly high when performed under vacuum or with a nitrogen purge, although its effectiveness varied significantly as a function of the solvent, reagents, and the structure of the polymer chain end. Kinetic studies show that even at room temperature, nearly all coupling occurs within the first ~2 h of the reaction when performed under nitrogen or vacuum, with accompanying color changes occurring in the catalytic system coinciding with catalytic activity. One step of the mechanistic cycle is proposed to occur via chain‐end radical intermediates inserted into the catalytic cycle, consistent with the addition of a radical trap essentially thwarting the dimerization by capturing the polymer radical and preventing its inclusion in the reaction. The presence of aryl bromide functional groups, however, does not impede the coupling reaction, demonstrating the catalyst's preference for the chain‐end alkyl bromides under our conditions. The impact and necessity of the other components were also explored, supporting the importance of the MgCl2 serving as a Lewis acid to promote the reactivity of the CBr end groups.
Data‐assisted control: A framework development by exploiting NASA Generic Transport platform
Authors: Eslami Mostafa , Banazadeh Afshin 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe increasing capabilities of control systems, driven by abundant data and computational resources, necessitate the incorporation of data‐based techniques with model‐based approaches. While mathematical models exist for air and space vehicles, they may not fully meet the requirements for expanding control system capabilities. Consequently, the development of data‐based extensions in collaboration with these models becomes crucial to provide specific analysis and synthesis tools in the hybrid realm for practical cases. This article introduces the data‐assisted control (DAC) framework for aerospace vehicles, with the NASA generic transport model serving as the platform for study. By leveraging data, the model‐based controller enhances performance during a damage event. Real‐time decisions are made to update the control law based on information obtained from the data, while the model‐based controller may not exhibit consistent performance. The closed‐loop system is shown to be stable in the transition phase between the data and the model, and robust against uncertainties. The dual unscented Kalman filter is employed to estimate fixed dynamic parameters and generalized force‐moment, and the Koopman estimator is used to estimate the evolution equation of the estimated forces and moments. The dual estimation model ensures observability by considering the persistency of excitation. Simulations have shown that the purely model‐based robust control leads to degradation of the closed‐loop performance in case of damage, suggesting the need for data assistance. The DAC framework offers a robust approach to integrate data and models, significantly enhancing control performance in practical aerospace applications.
Sterically Hindered Tetradentate [Pt(O^N^C^N)] Emitters with Radiative Decay Rates up to 5.3 × 105 s−1 for Phosphorescent Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes with LT95 Lifetime over 9200 h at 1000 cd m−2
Authors: Lam Tsz‐Lung , Li Huiyang , Tan Kaixin , Chen Ziyong , Tang Yu‐Kan , Yang Jun , Cheng Gang , Dai Lei , Che Chi‐Ming 
Published: October 2023

AbstractDescribed here are sterically hindered tetradentate [Pt(O^N^C^N)] emitters (Pt‐1, Pt‐2, and Pt‐3) developed for stable and high‐performance green phosphorescent organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs). These Pt(II) emitters exhibit strong saturated green phosphorescence (λmax = 517–531 nm) in toluene and mCP thin films with emission quantum yields as high as 0.97, radiative rate constants (kr) as high as 4.4–5.3 × 105 s−1 and reduced excimer emission, and with a preferential horizontally oriented transition dipole ratio of up to 84%. Theoretical calculations show that p‐(hetero)arene substituents at the periphery of the ligand scaffolds in Pt‐1, Pt‐2, and Pt‐3 can i) enhance the spin‐orbit coupling (SOC) between the lower singlet excited states and the T1 state, and S0→Sn (n = 1 or 2) transition dipole moment, and ii) introducing additional SOC activity and the bright 1ILCT[π(carbazole)→π*(N^C^N)] excited state (Pt‐2 and Pt‐3), which are the main contributors to the increased kr values. Utilizing these tetradentate Pt(II) emitters, green phosphorescent OLEDs are fabricated with narrow‐band electroluminescence (FWHM down to 36 nm), high external quantum efficiency, current efficiency up to 27.6% and 98.7 cd A−1, and an unprecedented device lifetime (LT95) of up to 9270 h at 1000 cd m−2 under laboratory conditions.
Multicolor Afterglow from Carbon Dots: Preparation and Mechanism
Authors: Ran Zhun , Liu Jinkun , Zhuang Jianle , Liu Yingliang , Hu Chaofan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractCarbon dots (CDs), as emerging long afterglow luminescent material, have attracted the attention of researchers and become one of the hot topics in long afterglow materials. In recent years, researchers have obtained a series of CDs‐based long afterglow materials with different properties utilizing matrix‐assisted and self‐protective methods. To meet diverse application needs, the development of multicolor CDs‐based long afterglow materials is a focus and challenge in this field. Most of the previously reported CDs‐based long afterglow materials generally emit blue or green afterglow. Recently, some multicolor systems have been discovered, and the emission range can extend from ultraviolet to near‐infrared. However, there is a lack of systematic and in‐depth analysis regarding the preparation strategy and luminescence mechanism of multicolor afterglow from CDs‐based long afterglow materials. Based on this, this review summarizes the preparation strategies of multicolor afterglow from raw materials and reaction parameters. Then, the luminescence mechanisms of multicolor afterglow are analyzed from seven factors, including carbonization degree, surface state, aggregation degree, temperature dependence, excitation dependence, multi‐emission center, and energy transfer. Moreover, the applications of multicolor afterglow from CDs‐based long afterglow materials are introduced. Finally, the problems and challenges in this field are discussed, and the future development directions are analyzed.
Diastolic dysfunction is associated with cardiac decompensation after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt in patients with liver cirrhosis
Authors: Schneider Hannah , Berliner Dominik , Stockhoff Lena , Reincke Marlene , Mauz Jim B. , Meyer Bernhard , Bauersachs Johann , Wedemeyer Heiner , Wacker Frank , Bettinger Dominik , Hinrichs Jan B. , Maasoumy Benjamin 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackground and AimsAbout 20% of patients develop cardiac decompensation within the first year after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) insertion. However, risk factors for cardiac decompensation remain poorly defined. We aimed to evaluate predictors of cardiac decompensation after TIPS insertion in a large, well‐defined cohort of patients with liver cirrhosis.Methods234 cirrhotic patients who received a TIPS at Hannover Medical School were retrospectively followed up for one year to assess the incidence of cardiac decompensation. Echocardiographic parameters and established diagnostic criteria for cardiac impairment (e.g. by the American Society of Echocardiography/ European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging (ASE/EACVI)) were investigated for an association with cardiac decompensation in a competing risk analysis. Survival was analyzed using a multivariable cox regression analysis adjusting for Freiburg index of post‐TIPS survival.ResultsPredominant TIPS indication was ascites (83%). Median age was 59 years, median MELD‐score 12% and 58% were male. Overall, 41 patients (18%) developed cardiac decompensation within one year after TIPS insertion. Diastolic dysfunction according to the ASE/EACVI was diagnosed in 26% of patients at baseline and was linked to a significantly higher risk for cardiac decompensation (p = 0.025) after TIPS. When investigating individual echocardiographic baseline parameters, only pathological E/A (<0.8 or >2) was identified as a risk factor for cardiac decompensation (p = 0.015). Mortality and liver transplantation (n = 50) were significantly higher among patients who developed cardiac decompensation (HR = 5.29, p < 0.001) as well as in patients with a pathological E/A (HR = 2.34, p = 0.006). Cardiac high‐risk status (44% of patients) was strongly linked to cardiac decompensation (HR = 2.93, p = 0.002) and mortality (HR = 2.24, p = 0.012).ConclusionCardiac decompensation after TIPS is a frequent and important complication and is associated with reduced survival. American Society of Echocardiography/EACVI criteria and E/A seem to be the best parameters to predict the cardiac risk in cirrhotic patients undergoing TIPS insertion.
Ammonium oxidizing bacterial populations in South African activated sludge wastewater treatment plants
Authors: Welz Pamela J. , Thobejane Mfundisi P. , van Blerk Gerhardus N. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis is the first study that describes ammonium oxidizing bacterial populations and correlations of these populations with a range of criteria in activated sludge wastewater treatment plants in South Africa. In this study, not only the influent but also the activated sludge chemistry was comprehensively characterized. Multivariate statistical analyses were used to determine the relative significances of the geographical location (factor: site), wastewater treatment plant process (factor: configuration), seasonality (factor: season), and environmental parameters on the ammonium oxidizing bacterial genera in six municipal activated sludge wastewater treatments plants from two sites (the cities of Cape Town and Ekurhuleni). The geographical location (site) was significant for selection of the ammonium oxidizing genera (Global ANOSIM R value = 0.538, p = 0.001). It was established that the inter‐site differences were not climatic in origin, nor related to the composition of the influent, but were rather driven by the activated sludge chemistry. It was found using BEST analysis that the activated sludge ammonia, activated sludge total phosphate, and activated sludge total chemical oxygen demand were the most significant (p < 0.001) drivers for ammonium oxidizing bacterial selection (ANOSIM Global R value 0.419) and were significantly higher in the activated sludge from the City of Cape Town wastewater treatment plants. Nitrosospira was the most abundant ammonium oxidizing bacterial genus, with notably higher relative and estimated actual abundances in the City of Cape Town wastewater treatment plants than the City of Ekurhuleni wastewater treatment plants. The strong selection of Nitrosospira in the City of Cape Town wastewater treatment plants with higher nutrient concentrations strongly suggests that high concentrations of activated sludge ammonia, activated sludge total phosphate, and activated sludge total chemical oxygen demand are key selective drivers for this genus.Practitioner Points
First comprehensive study describing ammonium oxidizing bacterial populations in Southern African domestic activated sludge wastewater treatment plants.
The geographical location (site) was significant for selection of different ammonium oxidizing genera (Global ANOSIM R value = 0.538, p = 0.001).
Inter‐site differences driven by the activated sludge chemistry, not climate or influent wastewater composition.
Selection of Nitrosospira driven by high concentrations of activated sludge ammonia, total phosphate and total chemical oxygen demand.
Slow and Fast Academic Life
Authors: Eriksen Thomas Hylland , Visentin Martina 
Published: October 2023

AbstractFrom the quality of the curriculum to teaching with technology, responding to student feedback, and following the publishing mantra (publish or perish!), the numerical quantity of publications reporting academic research, and their quality (a journal’s ranking) and impact (influence) are turning university life into an academic race against time. Academics take time to produce valid and reliable scientific knowledge, but they also need to take part in an ongoing challenge with academic metrics/rates that means they have to work incessantly. In this scenario, amidst accelerations and cooling down processes, we see the need to slow things down. This is the focus of our sixth conversation, in which we discuss Eriksen’s academic history set against the doubts of a young sociologist at the beginning of her career.
Entangled universes in dS wedge holography
Authors: Aguilar-Gutierrez Sergio E. , Patra Ayan K. , Pedraza Juan F. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
We develop a new setting in the framework of braneworld holography to describe a pair of coupled and entangled uniformly accelerated universes. The model consists of two branes embedded into AdS space capping off the UV and IR regions, giving rise to a notion of dS wedge holography. Specializing in a three-dimensional bulk, we show that dS JT gravity can emerge as an effective braneworld theory, provided that fluctuations transverse to the branes are included. We study the holographic entanglement entropy between the branes as well as the holographic complexity within the ‘complexity=anything’ proposal. We reproduce a Page curve with respect to an observer collecting radiation on the UV brane, as long as we take the limit where gravity decouples in that universe, thus acting as a non-gravitating bath. The Page curve emerges due to momentum-space (UV/IR) entanglement and can be understood as analogous to the ‘confinement-deconfinement’ transition in theories with a mass gap. Moreover, the analysis of complexity shows that the hyperfast growth phenomenon is displayed within a set of proposals, while late-time linear growth can be recovered for a different set. Our framework thus provides new test grounds for understanding quantum information concepts in dS space and dS holography.
Krylov complexity and spectral form factor for noisy random matrix models
Authors: Bhattacharyya Arpan , Haque S. Shajidul , Jafari Ghadir , Murugan Jeff , Rapotu Dimakatso 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
We study the spectral properties of two classes of random matrix models: non-Gaussian RMT with quartic and sextic potentials, and RMT with Gaussian noise. We compute and analyze the quantum Krylov complexity and the spectral form factor for both of these models. We find that both models show suppression of the spectral form factor at short times due to decoherence effects, but they differ in their long-time behavior. In particular, we show that the Krylov complexity for the non-Gaussian RMT and RMT with noise deviates from that of a Gaussian RMT. We discuss the implications and limitations of our results for quantum chaos and quantum information in open quantum systems. Our study reveals the distinct sensitivities of the spectral form factor and complexity to non-Gaussianity and noise, which contribute to the observed differences in the different time domains.
Spinor Representation in Isotropic 3-Space via Laguerre Geometry
Authors: Cho Joseph , Lee Dami , Lee Wonjoo , Yang Seong-Deog 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWe give a detailed description of the geometry of isotropic space, in parallel to those of Euclidean space within the realm of Laguerre geometry. After developing basic surface theory in isotropic space, we define spin transformations, directly leading to the spinor representation of conformal surfaces in isotropic space. As an application, we obtain the Weierstrass-type representation for zero mean curvature surfaces, and the Kenmotsu-type representation for constant mean curvature surfaces, allowing us to construct many explicit examples.
Watching a movie or listening to music is effective in managing perioperative anxiety and pain: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Demirci Hafize , van der Storm Sebastiaan L. , Huizing Nathalie J. , Fräser Morgianne , Stufkens Sjoerd A. S. , Krips Rover , Kerkhoffs Gino M. M. J. , Barsom Esther Z. , Schijven Marlies P. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPurposeDespite the use of perioperative anxiolytics and pain medication, surgery can be a stressful and painful experience. Providing patients with distractions using video and/or audio tools in addition to medication may be helpful. To date, no studies have compared different distraction modalities in a same‐day surgical setting in adults. This study aims to determine whether audio‐visual distraction with video glasses (AVD) is more effective in reducing anxiety and pain compared to audio distraction (AD) in conscious patients undergoing orthopaedic surgery. It was hypothesised that AVD, being the more immersive modality, would be more effective than AD on the outcome parameters.MethodsFifty patients undergoing orthopaedic surgery with local and/or regional anaesthesia in a clinical day‐care setting were randomly assigned to receive either fixed‐scenery AVD or patient‐choice AD with music. Primary outcome was anxiety, as measured by the Dutch version of the Spielberger State–Trait Anxiety Inventory‐6 (STAI‐6) prior to and 15 min after the intervention. Secondary outcomes were pain (Numeric Rating Scale Pain [NRS‐P]), systolic and diastolic blood pressure, heart rate and patient satisfaction.ResultsWithin each group, there was a significant reduction in anxiety (p = 0.028 for AVD, p < 0.001 for AD). In contrast to our hypothesis, listening to music without watching a video (AD group) reduced anxiety significantly more than experiencing full AVD (p = 0.018). The mean pain score did not change significantly within either user group, nor did pain scores differ between user groups.ConclusionIn conscious patients undergoing surgery, watching a movie (using video glasses and a headphone set) and listening to music (using only a headphone set) are able to significantly reduce anxiety. AVD, although believed to provide higher levels of distraction, did not prove to be superior to AD. The clinical relevance of this study highlights the potential benefits of AVD or AD modalities in improving the surgical experience for conscious patients. Further research is required to examine the influence of freedom of choice in content on the aforementioned outcomes. To estimate the true value of higher immersion levels, different distraction modalities (e.g. AVD versus virtual reality) featuring the exact same scenery or content need to be compared.Level of evidenceLevel I.