bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identifikacija potencialnih nosilcev razvoja sadjarstva v Sloveniji
Authors: VADNAL Katja , ALIČ Vesna , ZIHERL Petra 
Published: December 2023

Prispevek predstavlja rezultate empirične raziskave, katere cilj je bil ugotavljanje razlik v ocenjevanju pomena ključnih dejavnikov odločanja (poslovni cilji, zaznavanje tržnih razmer in vzvodov ter dejavnikov konkurenčnosti) med slovenskimi sadjarji. Raziskava je bila izvedena po metodi ankete z osebnim spraševanjem vseh, v register sadovnjakov vpisanih pravnih in fizičnih oseb. Z metodo faktorske analize so identificirali ključne spremenljivke pri opazovanih indikatorjih, na podlagi katerih so z metodami razvrščanja v skupine identificirali tipične skupine opazovanih sadjarjev. Rezultati kažejo, da se glede na cilje sadjarji delijo v dve skupini: ciljno orientirani in ciljno dezorientirani. Njihove zaznave tržnih razmer in trga določajo trije faktorji: trženjska konkurenčnost, organizacija pridelovalcev in tržna moč kupcev, po katerih jih je mogoče deliti v tri skupine: pristaše organizacije pridelovalcev, usmerjene h kupcu in netržno usmerjene. Razumevanje dejavnikov konkurenčnosti pojasnjujeta dva faktorja, upravljanje in sredstva, ki delita opazovane sadjarje v tri skupine: sadjarji tradicionalisti, sadjarji previdneži in sadjarji podjetniki. Potencialni nosilci razvoja so sadjarji podjetniki, ki so ciljno orientirani in usmerjeni h kupcu ali k organizaciji pridelovalcev. Teh je 38 % vseh sadjarjev, vpisanih v register sadovnjakov.
Modeliranje fenološkega razvoja pri rastlinah
Authors: ČREPINŠEK Zalika , KAJFEŽ-BOGATAJ Lučka 
Published: December 2023

Proučevali smo možnosti napovedovanja fenološkega razvoja gojenih in samoniklih rastlin na osnovi meteoroloških spremenljivk v Sloveniji za obdobje 1955-2000. Povezanost med fenološkim razvojem in meteorološkimi spremenljivkami smo proučevali s korelacijsko analizo in z multiplo linearno regresijo. Vrednosti korelacijskih koeficientov med nastopom fenofaz ter povprečji temperatur zraka dveh ali treh zaporednih mesecev pred nastopom fenofaz so bile visoke (0,60 do 0,85). Statistično značilne so bile tudi korelacije med zimskim indeksom severno atlantskega nihanja in povprečno temperaturo zraka od decembra do marca ter nastopom pomladanskih fenofaz, na čas pojava večine fenofaz v obravnavanih letih količina padavin ni imela značilnega vpliva. Spodnjo temperaturo praga za izračun termalnega časa smo določili s statistično metodo najmanjšega standardnega odklona temperaturnih vsot; variabilnost izračunanih vsot med leti je bila velika (10% do 30%). Uporaba fototermalnega časa za Ljubljano je značilno izboljšala delež pojasnjene variabilnosti v primerjavi s termalnim časom. Z metodo multiple linearne regresije smo oblikovali fenološke in fenoklimatske modele za napoved nastopa fenofaz. Izmed obravnavanih rastlin so bili najboljši fenološki indikatorji breza, regrat ter divji kostanj. S fenološkimi modeli smo lahko pojasnili med 50% in 79%, s fenoklimatskimi pa v povprečju 86% variabilnosti. V fenoklimatskih modelih so bile največkrat vključene meteorološke pojasnjevalne spremenljivke termalni čas, povprečne mesečne temperature ter za Ljubljano v vseh primerih fototermalni čas. Izdelane modele smo preverili z metodo navzkrižnega preverjanja, modelne napovedi so bile dokaj natančne in možne za najmanj pet dni vnaprej.
case study of Chinese agro-technical extension system
Authors: MEI Linhai 
Published: December 2023

The purpose of the paper is to provide a better understanding of organizational patterns and service functions of Chinese AES (Agriculture Extension System) through dissecting the real live situations of extension organization at county level. By analyzing present institution and organizational constitution, the following points are discovered: extension system at county level is completed in organization and strong in functions. Administrative interventions in most extension activities and financial deficiency are primary barriers to develop client-orient extension methods. Too fragmented system and inflexible methods are principal reasons for lowering efficiency and effectiveness of extension performance. Improving farmers’ decision-making ability and promoting farmers’ participation in extension activities are expected.
Neue Tendenzen der Düngeberatung in Ungarn
Authors: LOCH Jakab 
Published: December 2023

Die Düngeempfehlungen eines Landes dienen zu jeder Zeit den agrarpolitischen Zielen, die mit Berücksichtigung der aktuellen Bedingungen erreicht werden sollen, wie z.B. Intensivierung oder Extensivierung der Produktion. Ziel der in den 1970er Jahren ausgearbeiteten Beratung war die Anreicherung der Böden mit Phosphor und Kalium, Verbesserung des Versorgungsgrades der Böden, Intensivierung der Produktion. Die Ziele wurden erreicht, mit steigendem Mineraldüngerverbrauch und Einführung der Intensivsorten stiegen die Weizen- und Maiserträge, auf das zwei- bis dreifache. Nach 1990 sank der Düngemittelverbrauch auf das Niveau der 60-iger Jahre. Den starken Rückgang verursachten: Mangel an Kapital der Produzenten, die verzögernd vor sich gehende Umstrukturierung der Landwirtschaft, die Unsicherheiten der Produktion bzw. Vermarktung der Produkte, sowie die hohen Düngemittel- und Pflanzenschutzmittelpreise. Die Weizen und Maiserträge nahmen ab, der Nährstoff-versorgungsgrad der Böden ließ nach. Die neue gesellschaftliche und wirtschaftliche Situation, Anstieg der vorher unterstützten Düngemittelpreise, die veränderten Absatzmöglichkeiten erforderten neue Überlegungen in der Nährstoffwirtschaft. Es wurden die Grundlagen einer neuen, wirtschaftlichen und umweltschonenden Düngeberatung geschaffen. Die neue Beratung beruht, ebenso, wie die frühere auf dem Bilanzprinzip. Die differenzierten Empfehlungen ermöglichen eine Anpassung an die ökologischen und ökonomischen Bedingungen. Durch die Neubearbeitung der Bodengrenzwerte aufgrund von langjährigen Düngungsversuchen werden allgemein kleinere Düngergaben empfohlen. Nach den bisherigen Ergebnissen der vergleichen-den Versuche können mit den niedrigeren Gaben – ohne Gefahr der Umweltbelastung – ähnliche Erträge, mit bedeutenden Ersparnissen erreicht werden.
Crop management systems and endomycorrhiza effects on endive (Cichorium endivia L.) growth
Authors: BAN Dean , OPLANIĆ Milan , ILAK PERŠURIĆ Anita Silvana , NOVAK Bruno , ŽUTIĆ Ivanka , BOROŠIĆ Josip , ŽNIDARČIČ Dragan 
Published: December 2023

The goal of this research was to determine the influence of crop management systems, (organic, sustainable and conventional) and endomycorrhiza on vegetative growth of endive (Cichorium endivia L.) grown on fields in order to use PE mulch after lettuce crop. During 2002 and 2003 a two-factor trial with three repetitions and split-plot design was set up in Pula (Croatia). Main factor “crop management” had three levels (organic, sustainable and conventional); while the sub factor “mycorrhiza” had two levels (endive seedlings inoculated with endomycorrhizal fungus and non-inoculated seedlings). Endive was planted after lettuce harvesting on the set PE mulch in conventional and integrated management, while in organic management it was planted after tilling lettuce rests and plant mulch (fodder pea and common vetch). Fertilization (by fertirigation) and crop protection were performed according to basic principles of organic, sustainable and conventional crop management system. Neither mycorrhiza nor production systems had no significant influence on plant density, diameter and mass of heads, and marketable yields. The biggest endive head diameter had non-inoculated endive plants in first year of research, while in the second year this feature was not significant. Production system had no significant influence on head diameter. The sustainable production system had the most marketable endive heads, while the organic system had most non-marketable heads in the first research year, while in the second this feature was not significant. Mycorrhiza had no influence on this feature.
Ocena dveh različnih skupin slovenskih populacij koruze s pomočjo morfoloških lastnosti in Hbr (MITE) markerjev
Authors: ROZMAN Ludvik , KAVAR Tatjana , MEGLIČ Vladimir 
Published: December 2023

Analizirali smo dve skupini slovenskih populacij koruze iz genske banke Oddelka za agronomijo Biotehniške fakultete v Ljubljani. V prvo skupino smo uvrstili enajst populacij koruze iz Bohinja (B1-B9 in B11-B12), v drugo štirinajst štajerskih populacij, z okolice Vojnika in Laškega (Š1-Š14). Petintrideset morfoloških lastnosti rastlin, storžev in zrnja smo izvrednotili v skladu z mednarodnimi deskriptorji IPGRI v času rastne dobe na polju in v laboratoriju. Genetski opis je temeljil na 161 Heartbreaker (Hbr) markerjih, pri čemer je bila analiza izvedena na skupnih vzorcih DNA, po 25 rastlin iz vsake populacije. Populacije iz Bohinja so se na splošno dobro razlikovale od štajerskih populacij, tako po morfoloških lastnostih kot na osnovi genetskih markerjev. Izjemi sta le populaciji B1 in B8, ki sta po morfoloških znakih še najbolj podobni štajerskim populacijam. Glede na posamezne morfološke lastnosti B1 odstopa od drugih bohinjskih populacij le po barvi zrnja, ki je ob brezbarvnem perikarpu pogojena z barvo alevrona. Je edina bohinjka z rumenim zrnjem, vse ostale bohinjske populacije imajo bakreno barvo zrnja, medtem ko imajo štajerske populacije rumeno ali belo zrnje. Glede na vse analize, še posebej glede na prisotnost/odsotnost Hbr elementov ter njihove frekvence v populacijah, lahko kljub nekaterim podobnostim med posameznimi populacijami trdimo, da gre za različne populacije, čeprav nekatere izhajajo iz lokacij, ki so si geografsko zelo blizu. Torej so posamezni pridelovalci s svojim vzdrževanjem in ponovno setvijo lastnega semena uspeli obdržati karakteristične lastnosti svoje populacije, s tem da so preprečili nekontrolirano skrižanje z drugimi populacijami.
Examination of AI-2 quorum sensing System in Prevotella bryantii and Prevotella ruminicola-like strains by using bioluminiscence assay
Authors: GORENC Gregor , LUKÁŠ Filip , AVGUŠTIN Gorazd 
Published: December 2023

Rumen is an example of a complex microbial ecosystem where extensive intraspecies as well as interspecies cell-cell cross-communication is expected, but little is known about. Four ruminal Prevotella strains, Prevotella bryantii B14, TC1-1 and TF1-3, and P. ruminicola-like strain 223/M2/7A were examined for the presence of AI-2 type quorum sensing systems. Vibrio harveyi BB170 autoinducer bioassay was used in order to detect the production of AI-2 autoinducer in examined strains. Optimization of autoinducer bioassay was made to test the influence of sampling time and the substrate used in chemically defined medium CD on reporter strain luminescence signal. We discovered that AI-2 type qurum sensing system is present in P. ruminicola-like strain 223/M2/7A, which induced more than 74% of reporter strain bioluminescence, regardless of the presence of glucose in chemically defined medium CD. Such induction of bioluminescence was not observed in P. bryantii strains, however.
Influence of raw matter origin and production period on fatty-acid composition of dry-cured hams
Authors: ŽLENDER Božidar , POLAK Tomaž , ŠPACAPAN Dajana , ANDRONIKOV Darko , GAŠPERLIN Lea 
Published: December 2023

We have here investigated the fatty acid composition in the muscle (Mm. biceps femoris, semitendinosus and semimembranosus) of Vipava and Vipava-style hams made from fresh pork legs that originate from Slovenia, and from Germany and Italy, respectively. Dry-cured hams are produced under technology protected according to recognized geographical indications for Vipava ham, a salt-cured ham that is air-dried rather than smoked. The fatty acid compositions of samples were determined by gas-liquid chromatography following in-situ transesterification. On average, hams contained 6.89% of intramuscular and intermuscular fat, with the fatty-acid composition as 50.0% monounsaturated, 11.8% polyunsaturated (PUFA) and 38.0% saturated fatty acids. The origin of the raw matter has significant influence the PUFAs in hams, which were 2.0% lower in products from pigs of Slovenian (own) rearing. The important indicators of lipid nutritive value, as P/S ratio (0.31), content of n-3 (0.68%) and n-6 (9.02%) PUFAs, and ratio of n-6/n-3 PUFAs (14.1), are similar to those cited in the literature for other types of dry-cured hams from south European regions produced from pigs reared under intensive systems.
Effects of dietary pectin on protein digestion and metabolism in growing rats
Authors: PIRMAN Tatjana , PATUREAU MIRAND Philippe , OREŠNIK Andrej , SALOBIR Janez 
Published: December 2023

In an attempt to clarify the relationships between the digestive and metabolic effects of additional feeding of citrus pectin, the intestinal contents, tissues weights, nitrogen excretion and retention were studied in laboratory rats. Twenty-four growing male Wistar rats (98.8 g ± 5.3 g of body weight) were fed ad libitum for 20 days with balanced diets containing casein as the source of protein. In the experimental diet 96 g of wheat starch was replaced by 80 g of citrus pectin and 16 g of vegetable oil. Apparent digestibility and apparent protein biological value were calculated, the weights of digestive tissues and digestive organ content weights were also determined. All tissues of different parts of the digestive tract were heavier in the pectin fed group, and small intestine and caecum were statistically significant different as compared to control group. The contents of the small intestine and caecum were significant heavier in the pectin group. Pectin significantly lowered dry matter intake and growth rate and significantly increased faecal excretion of nitrogen and significantly decreased urinary nitrogen excretion. The consequence of alteration in the nitrogen excretion route was significantly lower apparent protein digestibility and apparent net protein utilisation, but apparent protein biological value was unchanged.
Isolation and use of Prevotella ruminicola TC18 plasmid pTC18 in Escherichia coli-P. ruminicola shuttle vector construction
Authors: ACCETTO Tomaž 
Published: December 2023

A cryptic plasmid of approximately 3 kilobases named pTC18 was discovered in a ruminal Prevotella ruminicola TC18 strain and cloned into Escherichia coli. Based on pTC18, several shuttle vectors, containing Prevotella/Bacteroides tetQ selection marker and E. coli vector pUC19 inserted at two different positions in pTC18 were constructed. The shuttle vectors, protected with HaeIII methylase against the P. ruminicola 23 restriction were electroporated into P. ruminicola. Despite numerous attempts a tetracycline resistant recombinant strain 23 was not obtained. The possible causes for electroporation failure are discussed.
Strain and placement density effects on welfare, haematological and serum biochemical indices of broilers in north central Nigeria
Authors: YAKUBU Abdulmojeed , GWASKA Jafaru Ari , SALAKO Adebowale Emmanuel 
Published: December 2023

This study aimed at evaluating the influence of strain and stocking density on welfare, haematological and serum biochemical indices of broilers in a 28-day trial. Two hundred and seven 4-week old birds each of Anak Titan and Arbor Acre genetic provenience were randomly allocated to three housing densities of 8.3, 11.1 and 14.3 birds/m2.These corresponded to 17, 22 and 30 birds per pen ( 2.01 × 1.00 m ) in a 2x3 factorial experiment. Each treatment group was replicated three times. The welfare parameters estimated were gait score, feather score, foot and hock burns, pecking, pushes, chases, fights and mortality. Blood samples were tested for packed cell volume (PCV), red blood cells (RBC), white blood cells (WBC), haemoglobin (Hb), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH) and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC). Similarly, sera were utilized for the determination of total protein, albumin, globulin, glucose, cholesterol, and creatinine contents. There were no genotype-associated differences (P > 0.05) in the welfare indicators examined. However, placement density significantly (P < 0.05) influenced incidence of pushes, chases and fights, with higher values in most cases recorded for birds housed at the highest density. The strains and population densities were similar (P > 0.05) in haematological profile. Strain and stocking density also exerted no influence (P > 0.05) on serum biochemical components. Strain × stocking density interaction effects were not observed in all the parameters. Consequently, the two strains could be reared at a density of 14.3 birds/m2 since density did not lead to a great degree of stress.
Prebavna mikrobiota kot dejavnik pri razvoju debelosti
Authors: JERMAN Vesna , AVGUŠTIN Gorazd 
Published: December 2023

Porast debelosti v moderni družbi je povezan z večjo pojavnostjo z debelostjo povezanih bolezni in predstavlja veliko finančno breme za javno zdravstvo. Pomembno odkritje na področju mikrobiologije prebavnega trakta sesalcev je povezano z vlogo prebavne mikrobiote pri razvoju debelosti. Z novimi molekularnimi metodami in poskusi z gnotobiotskimi živalmi so do neke mere pojasnili udeležbo prebavne mikrobiote pri uravnavanju telesne mase in energijskega ravnovesja gostitelja. Prebavna mikrobiota vpliva na vnos hranil in porabo energije iz hrane in pospešuje shranjevanje le-te v maščobna tkiva s procesi fermentacije, olajšane absorpcije in tudi z vplivom na izražanje gostiteljevih genov (protein Fiaf) ter na aktivnost gostiteljevih encimov (proteinska kinaza AMPK). Pri debelih miših in ljudeh je prebavna mikrobiota dokazano bolj učinkovita pri izkoriščanju energije iz hrane kot pri suhih. osebkih. Obstajajo značilne razlike v sestavi mikrobne združbe glede na debel oz. suh fenotip. V prebavilih debelih živali in ljudi se dosledno kaže povišan delež predstavnikov bakterij iz debla Firmicutes na račun zmanjšanja predstavnikov debla Bacteroidetes, obe prevladujoči debli pa v prebavilih sesalcev skupaj predstavljata do 90 % vseh bakterij. Izkazalo se je, da je prebavna mikrobiota udeležena tudi pri patofiziologiji debelosti preko dejavnikov, kot je mikrobni LPS. Rezultati raziskav kažejo, da lahko spremembe deleža maščob v hrani vplivajo na sestavo mikrobne združbe ter da te spremembe vplivajo na pojavnost metabolnih bolezni. Odpira se novo področje manipulacije prebavne mikrobiote za zdravljenje debelosti in z njo povezanih bolezni.
Methylmercury inhibits growth and induces membrane changes in Pseudomonas putida
Authors: VODOVNIK Maša , BISTAN Mirjana , ZOREC Maša , MARINŠEK LOGAR Romana 
Published: December 2023

A bacterial model system (Pseudomonas putida DSM 50026) was used in this research to assess toxicity of the environmentally relevant concentrations of mercury species (MeHg and Hg(II)) that represent important pollutants of aquatic ecosystems at sites of industrial or mining activities. In addition to direct monitoring of bacterial growth, we also analyzed fatty acid profiles of exposed and non-exposed cultures to determine possible toxic effects manifested on membrane level. The results showed that exposure of P. putida to Hg(II) in concentrations of 0.2–200 µg/L did not have any significant effects on growth nor fatty acid composition of exposed bacterial culture. On the other hand, when bacteria were exposed to up to 1600-times lower concentrations of MeHg (0.12–12.5 µg/L), growth inhibition as well as significant changes in fatty acid composition were detected. Observed adaptive membrane changes due to MeHg exposure were similar to those associated with responses to organic solvents and some other membrane-disrupting compounds.
NaCl salinity and Zn foliar application influence essential oil composition of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.)
Authors: HASSANPOURAGHDAM Mohammad Bagher , GOHARI Gholam Reza , TABATABAEI Seied Jalal , DADPOUR Mohammad Reza , SHIRDEL Mehdi 
Published: December 2023

Essential oils composition of hydroponically grown Ocimum basilicum L. plant was evaluated in response to salinity (control and 50 mM NaCl) and Zn foliar application (control, 100 and 200 mg l-1). Essential oil constituents were quantified and identified by GC/EI-MS. In total, fifty seven components were identified in the six treatment combinations. Methyl chavicol (43.9–61.2 %) and linalool (11.4-16%) were the major components of all treatments. Salinity had deteriorative effect on methyl chavicol biosynthesis and accumulation. In contrast, integrated levels of salinity and 200 mgl-1 Zn had increment effects on linalool content. Germacrene D (2.2-3.9 %), 1,8-cineole (2.4-3.8 %), (Z)-α-bergamotene (0.1-2.6 %), (E)-β-farnesene (1.4-2.6 %), α-bulnesene (0.9-2.4 %), camphor (0.7-1.3 %) and (E)-β-ocimene (0.2-1.3 %) were the other main common constituents of oil. Considering the constant levels of zinc foliar application, salinity had raising effects on the contents of most above mentioned constituents. In conclusion, it seems that moderate salinity stress along with balanced levels of Zn foliar application changed the primary metabolites pathways in favor of major volatile oil components biosynthesis and that basil plant has the production potential under prevalent semi-saline conditions.
Monilinia pathogens of cultivated and native Vaccinium species in Slovenia
Authors: MUNDA Alenka 
Published: December 2023

The fungal genus Monilinia comprises several aggressive and economically important plant pathogens. The aim of this study was to examine Monilinia species that belong to the Disjunctoriae group and are specifically pathogenic to Vaccinium hosts. 23 samples of Vaccinium hosts showing symptoms of infection with Monilinia sp. were collected in the years 2004 – 2009. Monilinia species were isolated and identified using morphological and molecular methods. Three species from the Disjunctoriae group were identified: M. baccarum, M. urnula and M. vaccinii-corymbosi. Morphology of the encountered species is briefly described. Their distribution and host range are presented and the diseases they cause on their respective hosts are described.
Vpliv selena in izključitve UV-B sevanja na pridelek semen buč golic
Authors: JELEN Lucija Glorija , ŠKRABANJA Vida 
Published: December 2023

Raziskan je bil vpliv okoljskega sončnega sevanja z in brez UV-B dela spektra ter foliarnega gnojenja z raztopino selenata na pridelek bučnic buče golice (Cucurbita pepo L.) Pridelek semen na enoto površine je bil večji, ko je bil s filtriranjem UV-B sevanja odstranjen vpliv tega dela spektra na rastline, v primerjavi z vplivi celotnega sončnega spektra. Na osnovi rezultatov se ugotavlja, da je manjši pridelek v razmerah celotnega sončnega spektra odvisen od antioksidativnih poškodb, ki jih povzroča UV-B sevanje, saj je foliarno tretiranje z raztopino selenata zmanjšalo negativen vpliv tega sevanja.