bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Annals of General Psychiatry
Authors: Fountoulakis Konstantinos 
Published: February 2005

AbstractOur regular readers will notice that the title of our journal has changed from Annals of General Hospital Psychiatry (AGHP) to Annals of General Psychiatry (AGP) since January 1st, 2005. This was judged as necessary, in order to be able to serve better the aims of the journal. Our initial thoughts were that including the term 'General Hospital' in the journal's title would help us to launch a journal dedicated to the idea of Psychiatry as a medical specialty. But they were not justified; so, now the Annals of General Psychiatry (AGP) is born! It is still an Open Access, peer-reviewed, online journal covering the wider field of Psychiatry, Neurosciences and Psychological Medicine, and aims at publishing articles on all aspects of psychiatry. Primary research articles are the journal's priority, and both basic and clinical neuroscience contributions are encouraged. The AGP strongly supports and follows the principles of evidence-based medicine. AGP's articles are archived in PubMed Central, the US National Library of Medicine's full-text repository of life science literature, and also in repositories at the University of Potsdam in Germany, at INIST in France and in e-Depot, the National Library of the Netherlands' digital archive of all electronic publications. We hope that the change in the journal's name will cure the confusion caused by its previous title and help to achieve the journal's aims and scope, that is to help the world-wide promotion of research and publishing in the mental health area.
Bone and joint TB at Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital 1986 to 2002
Authors: Mkandawire N C , Kaunda E 
Published: February 2005

A retrospective audit of all cases of bone and joint TB registered in the TB office at Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital (QECH) from 1986 to 2002 was conducted with the aim of quantifying the proportion of bone and joint TB. The study period coincides with that of the HIV pandemic. A total of 37 075 cases were recorded with 599 (1.6%) involving the skeletal system; of the skeletal TB, 90% involved the spine. The absolute numbers of skeletal TB have remained relatively constant, fluctuating between 14 and 58 per year, while the total number of cases has progressively increased from 657 in 1986 to 3469 in 2002.
Valsartan in Chronic Heart Failure
Authors: Ripley Toni L 
Published: February 2005

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the evidence for valsartan in the treatment of heart failure and determine its need for formulary inclusion. DATA SOURCES: OVID and PubMed databases were searched (1983–June 2004) using the key words angiotensin-receptor blocker, heart failure, valsartan, Diovan, and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor. Only English-language literature was selected. STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION: Pharmacology and pharmacokinetic evaluations for valsartan were selected. Prospective, randomized clinical trials investigating the use of valsartan and other angiotensin-receptor blockers (ARBs) in chronic heart failure were evaluated. DATA SYNTHESIS: Valsartan, a selective antagonist for angiotensin receptor subtype 1, is the first ARB to be approved for use in chronic heart failure. Clinical trial data support valsartan as an alternative to angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors in ACE inhibitor—intolerant patients with chronic heart failure. Valsartan is generally well tolerated, with renal impairment, elevated serum creatinine and potassium levels, and dizziness being the most common adverse effects; consequently, patients experiencing those adverse events while taking ACE inhibitors are likely to experience them with valsartan. Although further study is needed, differences in effectiveness among races may exist with use of valsartan; however, at this time, valsartan is recommended as an alternative to ACE inhibitors regardless of race. Candesartan and losartan have been studied in similar settings. Candesartan's data support its use in heart failure; however, losartan's data have been less consistent. CONCLUSIONS: Valsartan is a safe and effective alternative for heart failure patients intolerant of ACE inhibitors. Valsartan has not been shown to be safe and effective when used in combination with ACE inhibitors.
Potential Drug—Disease Interactions in Frail, Hospitalized Elderly Veterans
Authors: Lindblad Catherine I , Artz Margaret B , Pieper Carl F , Sloane Richard J , Hajjar Emily R , Ruby Christine M , Schmader Kenneth E , Hanlon Joseph T 
Published: February 2005

BACKGROUND: Drugs can improve quality of life for many older people, but they may cause adverse health outcomes (eg, drug—disease interactions) if used inappropriately. OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of potential drug—disease interactions as defined by explicit criteria and examine associations between sociodemographic and health status variables and potential drug—disease interactions. METHODS: The study design was cross-sectional. We evaluated 397 frail elderly inpatients from the Geriatric Evaluation and Management trial conducted at 11 Veterans Affairs Medical Centers. Drug—disease interactions were defined using explicit criteria from consensus expert panels of geriatricians from the US and Canada. RESULTS: Overall, 159 (40.1%) patients had one or more potential drug—disease interaction. The most common potential interactions were calcium-channel blockers and heart failure (12.3%) and β-blockers and diabetes (6.8%). Multivariable logistic regression analyses revealed that age ⩾75 years (adjusted OR 2.43; 95% CI 1.52 to 3.88), being married (adjusted OR 1.77; 95% CI 1.11 to 2.82), comorbidity index defined by Charlson method (adjusted OR 1.19; 95% CI 1.05 to 1.34), and use of multiple prescription drugs (5–8: adjusted OR 4.17; 95% CI 1.96 to 8.88, ⩾9: adjusted OR 9.22; 95% CI 4.26 to 19.95), were significantly (p < 0.05) associated with having one or more potential drug—disease interaction. CONCLUSIONS: Potential drug—disease interactions are common in hospitalized elderly patients and are related to specific sociodemographic and health status factors. Further research is needed to examine the relationship between health outcomes and drug—disease interactions.
QTc Prolongation Associated with Combination Therapy of Levofloxacin, Imipramine, and Fluoxetine
Authors: Nykamp Diane L , Blackmon Casey L , Schmidt Paul E , Roberson Andrea G 
Published: February 2005

OBJECTIVE: To report QTc interval prolongation associated with combination therapy including levofloxacin, imipramine, and fluoxetine. CASE SUMMARY: A 49-year-old white female presented to the emergency department with fever, aches, and pains for the past 3 days. She was diagnosed and treated for pyelonephritis in the hospital. Therapy included intravenous levofloxacin 500 mg every 24 hours and ceftriaxone 2 g every 24 hours, along with her medications upon admission, including imipramine 50 mg at bedtime and fluoxetine 10 mg/day. She was discharged after 5 days and returned the next day with chest tightness and shortness of breath. Upon the second admission, a 12-lead electrocardiogram showed a QTc interval of 509 msec. Levofloxacin was discontinued and the QTc interval fell to 403 msec. The patient was discharged 3 days later and instructed to consult with her primary care physician about discontinuing imipramine. DISCUSSION: This adverse drug reaction is thought to be a pharmacodynamic additive effect among fluoxetine, imipramine, and levofloxacin. Fluoxetine is a potent inhibitor of CYP2D6, and imipramine is metabolized by CYP2D6. Therefore, fluoxetine is able to increase the plasma concentrations of imipramine, leading to QT interval prolongation. Taken with imipramine, levofloxacin can lead to even greater prolongation of the QT interval. Based on the Naranjo probability scale, levofloxacin was possibly associated with cardiac arrhythmias in our patient. CONCLUSIONS: The use of levofloxacin alone, or more often in concomitant therapy with other medications that are known to prolong the QT interval, may cause QT interval prolongation; however, additional studies/case reports are needed to validate this conclusion.
Survival of Various Implant‐Supported Prosthesis Designs Following 36 Months of Clinical Function
Authors: Rodriguez Arthur M. , Orenstein Ira H. , Morris Harold F. , Ochi Shigeru 
Published: February 2005

Background: The use of endosseous dental implants to replace natural teeth lost to trauma, dental caries, or periodontal disease has become a predictable form of prosthetic treatment since gaining popularity in the early 1980s. While numerous clinical studies have focused on the survival of implants, few address the survival of different prosthesis designs.Methods: Beginning in 1991, 882 prostheses supported by more than 2,900 implants (687 patients) were placed by the Department of Veterans Affairs Dental Implant Clinical Research Group (DICRG). These prostheses were divided into five research strata based on arch location. The recommended design for each stratum was: bar‐supported overdenture (maxillary completely edentulous); screw‐retained hybrid denture (mandibular completely edentulous); screw‐retained fixed partial denture (mandibular and maxillary posterior partially edentulous); and cemented single crown (maxillary anterior single tooth). Alternative overdenture designs were utilized in the edentulous arches when the recommended prosthesis could not be fabricated. Prosthesis success rates for the research strata were calculated for an observation time of up to 36 months following prosthesis placement.Results: Success rates for the maxillary edentulous stratum ranged from 94.6% for the bar‐retained overdenture supported by five to six fixtures to 81.8% for the cap‐retained overdenture. The mandibular edentulous strata produced success rates of 98.1% for the fixed hybrid prosthesis to 91.7% for the cap‐retained prosthesis. Success rates for maxillary and mandibular posterior fixed partial dentures were 94.3% and 92.6%, respectively, while the maxillary anterior single‐tooth prosthesis yielded a success rate of 98.1% for the 36‐month observation period.Conclusions: The recommended prosthesis designs investigated in this study proved to be reliable, with encouraging success rates for an observation period of 36 months following placement. Ann Periodontol 2000;5:101‐108.
Long‐Term Assessment (5 to 71 Months) of Endosseous Dental Implants Placed in the Augmented Maxillary Sinus
Authors: Olson John W. , Dent C. Daniel , Morris Harold F. , Ochi Shigeru 
Published: February 2005

Background: It is not uncommon for the placement of endosseous dental implants in the maxillary posterior jaw region to be complicated by the pneumatization of the maxillary sinus. When this occurs, the residual bone between the floor of the sinus and the crestal ridge is inadequate for the placement of implants. The sinus lift procedure provides a way to increase the amount of available bone and the placement of longer implants.Methods: One hundred twenty (120) implants were placed in 45 augmented maxillary sinuses. Patients ranged in age from 34 to 78 years. The implant design included a limited number of non‐hydroxyapatite (HA)‐coated titanium screws, with the majority of the implants being HA‐coated cylinders, grooved cylinders, and screws. The augmentation materials were autogenous bone, allogenic bone (demineralized freeze‐dried bone allograft, DFDBA), alloplastic bone (HA), combination grafts of HA and DFDBA, and combination grafts of autogenous bone and DFDBA. All the cases were successfully restored with implant‐supported, bar‐retained overdentures or fixed partial dentures. The follow‐up began at Stage 2 uncovering and ranged from 5 to 71 months, with a mean of 38.2 and standard deviation of 14.6 months.Results: Three (2.5%) of the 120 implants failed between the period of implant placement and 36 months. Failures appeared to be associated with a history of smoking. Other complications encountered during the study are presented. Implant survival was higher in those placed in grafted sinuses (97.5%) than in those placed in the posterior maxilla without sinus grafting (90.3%).Conclusion: These findings support the use of implants placed in augmented sinuses to support dental prostheses. Ann Periodontol 2000;5:152‐156.
Variables Affecting Survival of Single‐Tooth Hydroxyapatite‐Coated Implants in Anterior Maxillae at 3 Years
Authors: Orenstein Ira H. , Petrazzuolo Vincent , Morris Harold F. , Ochi Shigeru 
Published: February 2005

Background: The development and expanded use of endosseous dental implants over the last two decades have been remarkably rapid. It is, therefore, imperative that the dental profession closely monitor the performance of root‐form implants used in a variety of applications. The Dental Implant Clinical Research Group (DICRG) was established in 1990 by the Department of Veterans Affairs as a forum for conducting prospective, multidisciplinary, multicentered studies in the field of implant dentistry. The DICRG comprised 30 VA medical centers and 2 dental schools at the time of this study. This paper reports on the survival of hydroxyapatite (HA)‐coated grooved implants used to replace single missing teeth in anterior maxillae at 3 years post‐implant placement.Methods: During a 4‐year accrual period, a total of 247 single‐tooth implant restorations were placed in anterior maxillae. This paper focuses on the survival of 222 implants (149 patients) for which 3‐year data were recorded for the period from placement. Survival was examined with respect to patient demographics and health status, implant location, surgical variables, and 2‐week post‐placement use of chlorhexidine digluconate (0.12%) rinses. Implant stability was recorded using a hand‐held probe. Periodontal‐type measures were recorded and evaluated, and all complications related to osseointegration were noted. Failure was defined as removal of the implant for any reason.Results: Establishment and maintenance of osseointegration at 3 years post‐placement was 97.3%. During this 3‐year period, 6 implants were removed due to either failure to osseointegrate or loss of osseointegration. Implant length correlated positively with 3‐year survival (P = 0.003, exact test). The use of preoperative antibiotics was nearly significant to implant survival (P = 0.051, Pearson chi‐square). Mean stability values (PTVs) increased incrementally from −4.5 at uncovering to +1.1 at 36 months, indicating a decrease in stability of the bone‐implant‐prosthesis complex. The most common complication was related to inadequate available bone to fully house implants.Conclusions: Three‐year post‐placement survival data suggest that the use of HA‐coated, grooved, endosseous implants to support maxillary anterior single‐tooth replacements is a predictable and reliable procedure that can offer significant benefits. Longer implants demonstrated higher survival than shorter implants. The use of preoperative antibiotics was nearly significant to implant survival, and there was an increase in mean PTVs observed over the duration of the study. Further research is needed to assess stability of the hydroxyapatite‐bone interface over time.Ann Periodontol 2000;5:68‐78.
Influence of Two Different Approaches to Reporting Implant Survival Outcomes for Five Different Prosthodontic Applications
Authors: Morris Harold F. , Ochi Shigeru 
Published: February 2005

Background: Over the years, the definition of implant failure has varied, with some investigators accounting for all implants placed, while others discard failures that occurred before clinical loading. The influence of stresses transmitted to various bone densities, by different prosthetic appliances as well as the method used to determine failures, needs to be clearly understood. This paper reports on the influence of two different methods of determining 36‐month survival of implants used to support different dental prostheses.Methods: More than 2,900 implants with six different designs were placed in 829 patients at 32 study centers and followed for 3 years. The first method of determining survival accounted for all failures from placement through 36 months, while the second method counted only failures from post‐loading of the prosthesis to 36 months. Survival curves were used to determine differences in survival outcomes for the two methods.Results: For the maxillary single‐tooth prosthetic application, implant survival from placement to 36 months was 94.7% when all failures were counted and increased to 98.3% with the post‐loading method. For upper completely edentulous applications, implant survival was 85.3% with all failures counted and 95.6% with the post‐loading method. This 10.3% difference is clinically important. The survival for implants in lower completely edentulous applications increased by 4.4% simply by using the post‐loading approach. Implants used for upper posterior, partially edentulous applications involved only hydroxyapatite (HA)‐ coated implants, and the survival rates were similar (96.4% for all implants and 98.2% for the post‐loading method). The difference in reported survival rates for implants in the lower posterior, partially edentulous application was 5.8%. Since failures tended to occur in the earlier phases of treatment, the post‐loading approach always resulted in more favorable survival data. With the post‐loading approach, valuable information related to implant performance before loading is lost. In all comparisons, HA‐coated implant survival was always better than non‐HA implants. Clinical investigators should clearly state the method used for determining failures. For all implants included in the study, survival curves illustrated different failure patterns for each method of determining overall survival.Conclusion: Reporting of implant survival rates based on the post‐loading method provides more favorable survival rates; however, accounting for all implants provides a more accurate method of determining survival. Ann Periodontol 2000;5:90‐100.
Periodontitis in Humans and Non‐Human Primates: Oral‐Systemic Linkage Inducing Acute Phase Proteins
Authors: Ebersole Jeffrey L. , Cappelli David , Mathys Erik C. , Steffen Michelle J. , Singer Robert E. , Montgomery Michael , Mott Glen E. , Novak M. John 
Published: February 2005

Background: The acute phase response (APR) represents a systemic counterpart to the localized inflammatory response. This report describes patient‐oriented and non‐human primate model studies to determine the effect of periodontal disease on systemic acute phase proteins (APP).Methods: Patient‐oriented studies included comparison of the levels of APP, using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), with the presence and severity of periodontitis in localized chronic periodontitis (LCP), generalized aggressive periodontitis (GAP), and Sjögren's syndrome (SS) patients. The non‐human primate experiments evaluated the serum level of APPs under natural conditions, following mechanical hygiene, experimental gingivitis, and during ligature‐induced periodontitis.Results: Analysis of the LCP population showed what appeared to be a threshold of periodontal disease severity required for elevating the C‐reactive protein (CRP) and haptoglobin (HG). The results demonstrated a significant elevation in CRP in the GAP versus the control groups, as well as lower levels of all mediators in healthy non‐smokers (HNS) versus smokers (HS), suggesting that these systemic inflammatory markers were altered in response to challenge by noxious materials from smoking. Significantly different levels of CRP, HG, and α1‐antiproteinase were noted in the SS patients suggesting that the autoimmune aspects of Sjögren's syndrome may impact upon oral health and systemic responses. Parallel evidence was also obtained from the primate studies. Providing mechanical oral hygiene, which significantly lowered clinical inflammation and bleeding of the gingiva, decreased the serum APP levels. Both CRP and fibrinogen were significantly elevated during progressing periodontitis, which also appeared to have an impact on serum lipids and lipoproteins.Conclusions: These findings supported results relating chronic oral infections and the inflammation of periodontitis as contributors to and/or triggers for systemic inflammatory responses. Finally, similarities in the clinical and microbiological parameters of gingival inflammation and periodontitis between humans and non‐human primates was extended to identification of changes in serum APP in the non‐human primates that appeared to be in direct response to the induction of progressing periodontitis. These systemic changes provide additional evidence for the biological plausibility of periodontal infections contributing to various systemic diseases. Ann Periodontol 2002;7:102‐111.
Relationships Among Clinical Measures of Periodontal Disease and Their Associations With Systemic Markers
Authors: Beck James D. , Offenbacher Steven 
Published: February 2005

Background: Recent investigations of the relationship between periodontitis and systemic disease require that periodontal disease also must be thought of as a disease process that is an exposure for a systemic disease or condition (outcome), rather than as the outcome itself. When viewing periodontal disease as an exposure, investigators must consider the clinical, microbiological, and inflammatory components of periodontitis that potentially convey risk for the systemic outcome of interest, which may or may not be the same as those associated with the assessments used to define tooth‐based disease. Another important consideration is the temporal relationship between the exposure and the outcome of interest.Methods: To explore which definitions of periodontal disease or clustering of clinical signs are important with regards to systemic exposure to inflammatory stress, we examined the relationship between clinical periodontal disease measures and 2 systemic inflammatory markers of increased risk for cardiovascular disease: serum soluble intercellular adhesion molecule (sICAM), which is a measure of vascular stress and serum C‐reactive protein (CRP), which is a measure of hepatic acute‐phase response. The Dental Arteriosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study, a cross‐sectional study of the relationship between periodontal disease and cardiovascular disease, forms the basis for the examples used in this investigation.Results: Our findings demonstrated that while attachment loss, probing depth, (PD) and bleeding on probing (BOP) are individually associated with sICAM and CRP, only BOP remains significant for sICAM when all 3 are in the model and, for CRP, only PD remains significant. Both of these clinical parameters were more robust in estimating the degree of systemic inflammation than traditional classifications of mild, moderate, and severe periodontitis or other measures of disease severity such as attachment loss.Conclusions: When selecting a definition of “systemic periodontitis” (periodontal disease that represents an exposure for a systemic condition), it is helpful to think of periodontal disease as a chronic oral infection with a number of clinical signs, rather than as the dento‐centrically defined entity, periodontal disease. Thus, “systemic periodontitis” should be defined predicated upon those clinical signs that best represent the underlying mechanisms and temporal sequence that may affect that systemic outcome. Ann Periodontol 2002;7:79‐89.