bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maternal Decentering and Child Maladjustment: A Mediated Maternal Psychological Distress and Parenting Model
Authors: Murayama Yasuo , Ohya Aiko 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Negative parenting, which exacerbates children’s maladjustment, could result from poor mental health in parents. Therefore, factors that improve parental mental health may also facilitate positive parenting. One such factor is decentering (i.e., the capacity to observe internal experiences as passing mental phenomena that do not reflect self or reality). However, little research has examined the indirect association between parental decentering and children’s maladjustment. This cross-sectional study investigated whether parental decentering was associated with child maladjustment through the mediation of parental psychological distress and parenting quality. Japanese mothers (N = 2,522) participated in an online survey assessing parenting quality, maternal decentering levels, maternal psychological distress, and the oldest child’s maladjustment level as reported by the mothers. A parallel mediation analysis revealed a significant indirect effect. Mothers with greater decentering demonstrated lower psychological distress and more positive and less negative parenting. These characteristics were related to lower maladjustment in their children as reported by the mothers. This is the first study to demonstrate the link between decentering and positive maternal parenting. Therefore, decentering may be a possible factor to promote better parenting.
The lower extremity extension swaddling position is a risk factor for femoral trochlear dysplasia: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Yuan Long , Kong Qian , Tian Ke , Bian Jichao , Zheng Zhongren , Wang Guodong , Zhang Yuanmin , Ma Longfei 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
This study aims to investigate the effect of the infants' lower limb extension swaddling position on the development of femoral trochlear in newborn Wistar rats.
Methods
40 newborn Wistar rat pups (6–8 hours after birth) were selected and fixed by wrapping both lower limbs with 0.5 cm wide medical tape for 10 days as the experimental group. 40 newborn Wistar rat pups were randomly selected without administration as the control group. On the 10th day, 10 pups of the experimental group and 10 pups of the control group were randomly selected. The pups were executed by over anesthesia, and femoral trochlear specimens were taken, which were was conducted with HE staining, saffron O-solid green staining and immunohistochemistry. The remaining pups of the experimental group were released from swaddling and were placed in the clean cabinet of the sterile laminar-flow room. At the end of the 8th week, the animals were executed by over anesthesia. The patellofemoral joint was examined by micro-CT (30° knee flexion ) and the angle, width, and depth of the trochlear groove were measured to determine the development of femoral trochlear.
Results
Histological staining showed that the cartilage tissue of the femoral trochlear in the experimental group decreased, while the collagen fiber and bone tissue increased. The immunohistochemistry revealed that the expression of collagen X and VEGF in the experimental group was significantly lower than that of the control group. Micro-CT showed that the trochlear groove of the experimental group tended to increase in terms of the width and angle of the trochlear groove, while the depth of the groove decreased, and the arrangement of the trochlear cartilage was disorganized.
Conclusion
The lower limb swaddling position may adversely affect the development of the femoral trochlear and cause damage.
Cigarette tobacco reduces the survival of an invasive parasite that affects Darwin's finches
Authors: Pérez-Beauchamp Lorraine , Contreras Jailene , Goldberg Katia , Mena Gabriela , Soldo Alexandria , Chaves Jaime , Knutie Sarah 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Invasive parasites are a major threat to biodiversity worldwide, so understanding the factors that control them is necessary to improve the health of affected host species. In the Galápagos Islands, the invasive nest ectoparasite, the avian vampire fly (Philornis downsi), is causing up to 100% mortality in nestling Darwin’s finches. However, urban finch nests have fewer flies than non-urban finch nests. One explanation is that finches incorporate cigarette butts into their nests, which has been found to decrease nest parasite abundance for other bird species. For our study, we exposed larval flies to cigarette tobacco-treated (concentrated or diluted) or untreated cotton, then characterized pupation success, pupal deformities and success, and adult fly eclosure success and size. The influence of moisture on the effect of tobacco treatment on fly health was also determined. Flies reared in tobacco as larvae had lower pupation success, larger pupal volume, and a higher prevalence of pupal deformities compared to control flies, regardless of moisture treatment. Furthermore, we found that tobacco-treated flies had lower eclosure success. In fact, very few tobacco-treated flies survived to adulthood. We also collected finch nests and quantified the prevalence and abundance of cigarette butts and abundance of flies in the nests. Although most urban finch nests contain cigarette butts (73%), the mass of cigarette butts was very low and did not correlate with fly abundance. Compared to past studies, finch nests require ten times as many cigarette butts to affect fly survival. Although tobacco can negatively affect vampire flies, finches likely do not incorporate enough cigarette butts to affect fly fitness.
A matter of genetic divergence: sizing up the sample for soybean canonical variables
Authors: de Souza Rafael Rodrigues , Filho Alberto Cargnelutti , Toebe Marcos , Bittencourt Karina Chertok 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Empirical sampling can result in inaccurate estimates of the variance captured in canonical variables, therefore affecting their scores and the identification of genetic divergence. This study aimed to analyze the response of canonical variables as a function of the number of plants sampled per experimental unit, and to define a representative multivariate sample size based on the percentage variance absorbed by the canonical variables. Six soybean experiments were performed in two locations in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, using a complete randomized block experimental design with three repetitions and 20 genotypes (360 plots), and ten traits were assessed in 20 plants per plot. Bootstrap resampling was applied for the canonical variable analysis. Posteriorly, sample size per experimental unit was dimensioned using nonlinear models and defining the maximum curvature point via perpendicular distances. The estimate of the percentage variance retained in the canonical variables was sensitive to the sample size per experimental unit. The 95% confidence interval width of the absorbed variance decreased as sample size increased, and the precision for estimating the variance was improved, stabilizing once 36 plants per experimental unit were sampled. Insufficient sampling harms the identification of divergent genotypes, thus increasing sample size gradually improves the quality of the canonical variables’ variance estimates. Thirty-six plants per experimental unit are enough to estimate the variance explained in the first four canonical variables for soybean reliably. The sample size recommendations presented may be useful for researchers in the genetic divergence field, increasing the efficiency of soybean breeding programs.
Oxidized albumin is a risk factor for chronic kidney disease
Authors: Liu Beibei , Chen Suzhi , Li Bing-Feng 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Oxidized albumin plays a role in various animal disease models, including diabetes and aging. Oxidized albumin has been identified as a novel biomarker of oxidative stress. In this study, rat chronic kidney disease model with proteinuria and hypertension caused by high levels of oxidative stress was utilized.
Methods
A Total of 24-Male-Sprague Dawley rats were randomly assigned for 4 weeks to one of four groups: normal control group (Con, n = 6), normal salt-treated 5/6 nephrectomy (ND, n = 6), high salt-loading 5/6 nephrectomy (HSD, n = 6), and Tempol-loading 5/6 nephrectomy (HSD + Tempol, n = 6). All animals were sacrificed at the conclusion of the research process. Urine samples, blood samples, and kidney tissues were collected for checking proteinuria, serum creatinine, urea, α-SMA, malondialdehyde (MDA), and histopathology study.
Results
Blood pressure, urinary protein, plasma creatinine, BUN, α-SMA, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were significantly higher the high salt diet group than in the normal salt loading diet group, and the effects of the aforesaid parameters were reversed following treatment with Tempol.
Conclusions
In 5/6 nephrectomized CKD rat model, high salt diet tended to increase the levels of blood pressure, urinary protein, serum creatinine, urea, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, and expression of α-SMA. Additionally, Tempol tends to ameliorate the severity of fibrosis and oxidative stress in the remaining kidney.
High-precision Reconstruction Method Based on MTS-GAN for Electromagnetic Environment Data in SAGIoT
Authors: Guo Lantu , Liu Yuchao , Li Yuqian , Yang Kai 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Equipment failures and communication interruptions of satellites, aircraft and ground devices lead to data loss in the Sky-Ground Integrated Internet of Things (SAGIoT). The incomplete data affects the accuracy of data modeling, decision-making and spectrum prediction. Reconstructing the incomplete data of electromagnetic environment is a significant task in the SAGIoT. Most spectrum data completion algorithms, such as interpolation completion and tensor-based completion, are burdened by limited accuracy and sluggish iterative optimization processes. In light of these challenges, a novel high-precision reconstruction method for electromagnetic environment data based on multi-component time series generation adversarial network (MTS-GAN) is proposed in this paper. MTS-GAN transforms the reconstruction method of electromagnetic environment data into the data generation problem of multiple time series. It extracts the time-frequency joint features and the overall distribution of electromagnetic environment data. To improve the reconstruction precision, MTS-GAN simulates the time irregularity of incomplete time series by applying a gate recursive element to adapt to the attenuation effect of discontinuous time series observations. Experimental results show that the proposed MTS-GAN provides high completion accuracy and achieves better results than competitive data completion algorithms.
Conceptualization and Development of a Customizable Neuroradiology Fellowship Curriculum with Emphasis on Academic Career Development
Authors: Buch Karen , Applewhite Brooks 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Objective
To address unmet needs for a super-specialty concentration during the second year of a two-year neuroradiology fellowship by designing and implementing a longitudinal focused elective course with capstone project for 5 super-specialty tracks within the neuroradiology subspecialty. The objective of this study was to gauge the level of fellowship satisfaction and departmental engagement for this curriculum redesign.
Methods
The new curriculum design was implemented at a single institution with a two-year neuroradiology fellowship. During the second year of the fellowship, 5 focused elective tracks were created and offered to the neuroradiology fellows, including: 1) head and neck imaging, 2) pediatric neuroradiology and fetal imaging, 3) advanced spine procedures, 4) advanced imaging techniques, and 5) medical education. Each track is 11-weeks in duration and includes appointment of a faculty mentor/sponsor, dedicated conference assignments, detailed expectations, and a capstone project. For those electives focused on diagnostic imaging and procedures, a tailored case list, examinations, and/or procedures prioritizing daily exposure to the respective super-specialty is provided. The curriculum was created with the goal of providing targeted educational training, mentorship, and research support to second-year neuroradiology fellows. It was developed with guidance from neuroradiology leadership in conjunction with feedback from current neuroradiology fellows and is supported by radiology department leadership. A survey was administered to our neuroradiology fellows regarding the prospective curriculum redesign to gauge their level of interest and potential engagement.
Results
The majority of neuroradiology fellows (95%) agreed or strongly agreed that a focused super-specialty training program during their second year of fellowship would be beneficial. Specific perceived benefits included: an advantage over other similar training programs (85%), aid in recognition as an early leader in the field (70%), improved fellow marketability (90%), and assistance in launching a career in research (80%).
Conclusion
The implementation of a targeted super-specialty curriculum in the second year of neuroradiology fellowship was found to be highly desirable to current neuroradiology fellows. Follow-up data is necessary to evaluate long-term effects and academic achievement in practice.
Relationship between exposure to parabens and benzophenones and prostate cancer risk in the EPIC-Spain cohort
Authors: Fernández-Martínez Nicolás Francisco , Rodríguez-Barranco Miguel , Zamora-Ros Raúl , Guevara Marcela , Colorado-Yohar Sandra Milena , Jiménez-Zabala Ana , Arrebola Juan Pedro , Iribarne-Durán Luz María , Molina Germán , Agudo Antonio , Trobajo-Sanmartín Camino , Chirlaque María Dolores , Amiano Pilar , Sánchez María-José 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The etiology of prostate cancer is not fully elucidated. Among environmental risk factors, endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) deserve special mention, as they alter metabolic pathways involved in hormone-dependent cancers. Epidemiological evidence assessing the carcinogenicity of EDCs is scarce. The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between exposure to parabens and benzophenones and prostate cancer risk. We conducted a case-cohort study nested within the EPIC-Spain prospective multi-center cohort. Study population comprised 1,838 sub-cohort participants and 467 non-sub-cohort prostate cancer cases. Serum concentrations of four parabens and two benzophenones were assessed at recruitment. Covariates included age, physical activity, tobacco smoking, alcohol consumption, body mass index, educational level and diabetes. Borgan II weighted Cox proportional hazard models stratified by study center were applied. Median follow-up time was 18.6 years (range = 1.0-21.7 years). Most sub-cohort participants reached primary education at most (65.5%), were overweight (57.7%) and had a low level of physical activity (51.3%). Detection percentages varied widely, being lowest for butyl-paraben (11.3%) and highest for methyl-paraben (80.7%), which also showed the highest geometric mean (0.95 ng/ml). Cases showed significantly higher concentrations of methyl-paraben (p = 0.041) and propyl-paraben (p < 0.001). In the multivariable analysis, methyl-paraben – log-transformed (HR = 1.07; 95%CI = 1.01–1.12) and categorized into tertiles (HR = 1.60 for T3; 95%CI = 1.16–2.20) –, butyl-paraben – linear (HR = 1.19; 95%CI = 1.14–1.23) and log-transformed (HR = 1.17; 95%CI = 1.01–1.35) – and total parabens – log-transformed (HR = 1.09; 95%CI = 1.02–1.17) and categorized into tertiles (HR = 1.62 for T3; 95%CI = 1.10–2.40) – were associated with an increased prostate cancer risk. In this study, higher concentrations of methyl-, butyl-, and total parabens were positively associated with prostate cancer risk. Further research is warranted to confirm these findings.
The Laffer Failure: Lower Tax Less Representation
Authors: Wang Zhan 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The Laffer Failure is research argued to figure out past forty years an academic novel understanding of tax reform impacts on representation consequences. Given a novel literature review from data inquire to analyze an old insight into tax efficacy on an aiming equifinality growth for a nation prosperity. I discuss a metaphysic mechanism of rent-seeking tax rate changes in panel characteristics in order to clarify the efficacy of Laffer coefficient on different groups of income per capita growth. Results conclude the tax paradox per se cripples the efficacy in that rent-seeking loss fails to be compensated by Laffer reforms even if redefined by green paradox, so as to corrode all groups’ welfare to make more complex representation for non-target groups.
JEL: E0; H0; P0.
Functionally-graded Lattice Topology Optimization of Conformal Fluid Channels
Authors: Deng Hao , Fu Heting , Saitou Kazuhiro 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The recent advent of meal additive manufacturing made it possible to manufacture a solid structure with internal fluid channels with complex topology and geometry that closely conform the target surfaces for thermal management (eg., mold surface). This work presents a topology optimization (TO) of conformal fluid channels for thermal management of structures subject to the requirements for structural displacement and maximum stress. Examples of such structures are mold for injection molding, dies for diecasting, cooling jacket for batteries, and aerodynamic parts for jet and rocket engines. TO of lattice structures, known for superior stiffness-to-weight ratio and energy absorption capacity, have a potential for superior heat exchange between thermal fluid and structural solid owing to the increased surface area. The lattice structures are also beneficial for the printability of channels by significantly reducing the needs for support structures that are open difficult to remove after printing due to the narrow, internal channel geometry. Existing functionally-graded lattice TO methods based on bi-scale finite elements analysis, however, have a limited applicability since they often suffer from poor connectivity between neighboring lattice cells, which can be critical for fluid flow. To fill the gap, we present a lattice TO formulation for conformal fluid channels based on Solid Isotropic Material with Penalization (SIMP) and Darcy’s law for fully-coupled thermal-fluidic-structural analysis and a single-scale, neighborhood mask approach for functionally-graded lattice generation that ensures smooth meso-scale connections of lattices. Numerical examples demonstrate the formulation can successfully generate the functionally-graded conformal lattice channels that meet the requirements on temperature distribution as well as structural displacement and stress.
Study on the mechanism of dNK cells dysfunction resulting from the IDO downregulation in dMDSCs with Toxoplasma gondii infection
Authors: Hu Xuemei , Wang Yu , Zhao Xiaoyue , Li Zhidan , Wang Wenxiao , Jiang Yuzhu , Zhang Haixia , Liu Xianbing , Ren Yushan , Xu Xiaoyan 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) play a crucial role in maintaining maternal-fetal tolerance for pregnancy by expressing immune suppressive molecules, such as indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), arginase-1 (Arg-1) and IL-10. The expression of IDO was downregulated in dDCs after Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) infection. However, whether T. gondii affected IDO expression in dMDSCs and then induced dNK cells dysfunction were still unclear. The human infected dMDSCs were co-cultured with purified dNK cells in vitro. Results showed that IDO expression in infected dMDSCs was significantly increased in the mRNA level but obviously decreased in the protein level. The transcriptional levels of IDO in dMDSCs were up-regulated through STAT3/p52-RelB pathway and IDO expression was decreased by degradation due to the increase of SOCS3 expression induced by T. gondii infection. In vivo, we found that adverse pregnancy outcomes of IDO−/− infected mice by T. gondii infection were more severe than those of WT mice and were significantly improved after treatment with exogenous kynurenine (Kyn). The reduction of IDO in dMDSCs induced by T. gondii infection lastly resulted in the downregulation of TGF-β and IL-10 expression in dNK cells through Kyn/AhR/SP1 signaling pathway, eventually leading to the dysfunction of dNK cells.
Global patterns of soil organic carbon dynamics in the 20–100 cm soil profile for different ecosystems: A global meta-analysis
Authors: Wang Haiyan , Yin Yulong , Cai Tingya , Tian Xingshuai , Chen Zhong , He Kai , Wang Zihan , Gong Haiqing , Miao Qi , Wang Yingcheng , Chu Yiyan , Zhang Qingsong , Zhuang Minghao , Cui Zhenling 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Determining the dynamics of organic carbon in subsoil (SOC, depth of 20–100 cm) is important with respect to the global C cycle and warming mitigation. However, there is still a huge knowledge gap in the dynamics of spatiotemporal changes in SOC in this layer. We developed a new method to spatially resolve soil β values for global ecosystems (cropland, grassland, and forestland) and SOC dynamics at high resolution. We first quantified the spatial variability characteristics of these values and driving factors by analyzing 1221 soil profiles (0–1 m) of globally distributed field measurements and mapped the grid-level soil β values. Then we evaluated the SOC dynamics in different soil layers to determine the subsoil C stocks of various ecosystems. The subsoil SOC density values of cropland, grassland, and forestland were 63.8, 83.3, and 100.4 Mg ha–1, respectively. SOC density decreased with increasing depth, ranging from 5.6 to 30.8 Mg ha–1 for cropland, 7.5 to 40.0 Mg ha–1 for grassland, and 9.6 to 47.0 Mg ha–1 for forestland. The global subsoil SOC stock was 912 Pg C, in which an average of 54% resided in the top 0–100 cm of the soil profile. Our results provide insights into subsoil dynamics and the untapped potential to enhance global SOC sequestration in terrestrial ecosystems toward climate neutralization.