bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Religious and nonreligious coping methods among persons with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: VandeCreek Larry , Paget Stephen , Horton Roberta , Robbins Laura , Oettinger Margaret , Tai Katie 
Published: February 2004

AbstractObjectiveTo examine religious and nonreligious coping methods among persons with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). To identify positive and negative religious coping methods and personal characteristics associated with them.MethodsPersons with RA (n = 181) completed a religious coping questionnaire, 6 subscales from a nonreligious coping inventory, and a depression scale.ResultsReligious and nonreligious coping were moderately correlated. The scores of all positive religious coping subscales were positively related to the importance persons attributed to religion. Scores of all negative religious coping subscales were positively associated with self‐reported depressive symptoms.ConclusionsCorrelations of religious and nonreligious coping methods were neither completely independent of each other nor functionally redundant, suggesting that each made unique contributions to coping with RA. Persons with no (or few) depressive symptoms who reported that religion was important to them tended to make positive use of their religion as they coped with the emotional stress of RA. A significant number of self‐reported depressive symptoms were correlated with a negative use of religion.
Prevalences of polyarteritis nodosa, microscopic polyangiitis, Wegener's granulomatosis, and Churg‐Strauss syndrome in a French urban multiethnic population in 2000: A capture–recapture estimate
Authors: Mahr Alfred , Guillevin Loïc , Poissonnet Marc , Aymé Ségolène 
Published: February 2004

AbstractObjectiveTo estimate the prevalences of polyarteritis nodosa (PAN), microscopic polyangiitis (MPA), Wegener's granulomatosis (WG), and Churg‐Strauss syndrome (CSS).MethodsCases were collected in Seine–St. Denis County, a northeastern suburb of Paris, which has 1,093,515 adults (≥15 years), 28% of whom are of non‐European ancestry. The study period encompassed the entire calendar year 2000. Cases were identified by general practitioners, the departments of all the public hospitals and 2 large private clinics, and the National Health Insurance System. The Chapel Hill nomenclature was used to define MPA, and American College of Rheumatology criteria to define WG and CSS; PAN was diagnosed based on clinical laboratory, histological and/or angiographic findings. Three‐source capture–recapture analysis was performed to correct for incomplete case ascertainment.ResultsA total of 75 cases were retained and capture–recapture analysis estimated that 23.8 cases had been missed by any 1 of the 3 sources. Accordingly, prevalences per 1,000,000 adults (95% confidence interval [95% CI]) were estimated to be 30.7 (95% CI 21–40) for PAN, 25.1 (95% CI 16–34) for MPA, 23.7 (95% CI 16–31) for WG, and 10.7 (95% CI 5–17) for CSS. The overall prevalence was 2.0 times higher for subjects of European ancestry than for non‐Europeans (P= 0.01).ConclusionsThis study provides the first prevalence estimates for these 4 vasculitides for a multiethnic, urban population. The significantly higher prevalence observed for Europeans may infer a genetic susceptibility of Caucasians. Compared with previous estimates based mostly on rural populations, the higher frequency of PAN and the lower frequency of WG might suggest specific environmental etiologic factors.
Predicting mortality in systemic Wegener's granulomatosis: A survival analysis based on 93 patients
Authors: Bligny Dominique , Mahr Alfred , Toumelin Philippe Le , Mouthon Luc , Guillevin Loïc 
Published: February 2004

AbstractObjectiveTo determine predictors of survival of patients with systemic Wegener's granulomatosis (WG).MethodsWe retrospectively studied 93 patients (median age 52 years, male/female ratio 1.7) with systemic WG. All subjects received cytotoxic drugs. Survival was evaluated as a function of the main clinical and laboratory parameters and 2 disease activity scores assessed at diagnosis. Statistical analyses used the multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression model.ResultsThe mean followup was 4.5 years; 25 (27%) patients died. According to univariate analysis, a pejorative prognostic value was attributed to serum creatinine >160 μmole/liter (P< 0.001); age >52 years (P< 0.002); absence of ear, nose, and throat (ENT) involvement (P< 0.001); and hemoglobin ≤11.8 gm/dl (P= 0.02). Multivariate analysis retained age >52 years (hazard ratio [HR] = 3.40,P= 0.04) as an independent predictor of poor outcome, whereas the presence of ENT involvement was associated with a longer survival (HR = 0.31,P= 0.02).ConclusionOur results suggest that an older age and the absence of ENT involvement at diagnosis independently predict an increased risk of mortality for WG patients. These findings could indicate that the prognosis of WG might be governed by the balance between the granulomatosis as opposed to the vasculitic disease process.
Psychopathy scores and violence among juvenile offenders: a multi‐measure study
Authors: Murrie Daniel C. , Cornell Dewey G. , Kaplan Sebastian , McConville David , Levy‐Elkon Andrea 
Published: February 2004

AbstractThis study examined the relations between psychopathy scores and violent behavior in 113 incarcerated adolescents. We compared the results of four different instruments designed to assess psychopathy features among juveniles—the Psychopathy Checklist: Youth Version (PCL:YV), two versions of the Antisocial Processes Screening Device (APSD), and a Psychopathy Content scale on the Millon Adolescent Clinical Inventory (MACI). We found that PCLY:YV scores were significantly correlated with violent offense history, unadjudicated violence, and institutional violence, as well as measures of the severity and instrumentality of prior violence. Receiver operating characteristic analyses generated statistically significant effect sizes (AUC values) ranging from 0.64 to 0.79. The three other measures generated statistically significant correlations with one or more of the violence criteria, although correlations and effect sizes tended to be smaller in magnitude. Our results offer some support for the validity of these measures of psychopathic features, and the value of the PCL:YV in particular, with respect to short‐term measures of violence outcome among juvenile offenders. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Predictive validity of the Psychopathy Checklist: Youth Version for general and violent recidivism
Authors: Corrado Raymond R. , Vincent Gina M. , Hart Stephen D. , Cohen Irwin M. 
Published: February 2004

AbstractSeveral authors have expressed concern regarding the use of youth psychopathy assessments in determinations of risk for general and violent offending. ThePsychopathy Checklist: Youth Version(PCL:YV) was completed with 182 male adolescent offenders in this prospective study (average 14.5 month follow‐up) of general and violent recidivism. Both a two‐factor and three‐factor model of the PCL:YV significantly predicted general and violent recidivism at a predictive accuracy ranging from 68 to 63%. However, regression analyses indicated these associations were explained primarily by behavioral psychopathic symptoms, rather than interpersonal or affective traits. Implications for the use of psychopathy assessments for risk during adolescence are discussed. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The New Orleans Forensic Aftercare Clinic: a seven year review of hospital discharged and jail diverted clients
Authors: Bertman‐Pate Lisa Jo , Burnett Darla M.R. , Thompson John W. , Calhoun Clay J. , Deland Sarah , Fryou R. Mark 
Published: February 2004

AbstractThis paper provides a review of the Forensic Aftercare Clinic Conditional Release Program (FAC), which has been operating since December, 1995, in New Orleans, LA. The FAC is a community based program that provides clinical, rehabilitative, and supervisory services to individuals who have been found not guilty by reason of insanity or unrestorably incompetent to proceed and who have been discharged from inpatient settings or diverted from jail settings and placed on conditional release by district court orders. 119 clients participated in FAC over a 7 year period. Forty‐one (34.4%) had their conditional release revoked. Of the total population, 12 (10.1%) were re‐arrested on at least one charge, 3 (2.4%) were arrested on felony charges, and 9 (7.6%) on misdemeanors. Only two of these charges were violent, resulting in no significant harm to victims. Twenty (16.8%) were hospitalized at least once due to relapse. Clients diverted from jail to community settings did not differ significantly on most variables from clients who were discharged from long‐term hospitalization. Data related to public safety and client diversion demonstrate that clients, when appropriate, can be safely diverted to the community in lieu of hospitalization. The number of statewide clients who have been discharged from the forensic hospital into the community has increased steadily from 13 in 1995 to 29 in 2002, and statewide diversion clients have steadily increased from 0 in 1992 to 20 in 2002. The increase in statewide diversion clients and forensic discharges over this 7 year period indicates that stakeholders see the viability of the program as an alternative to as well as a step‐down from long‐term forensic hospitalization. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The relationship between psychopathic features, violence and treatment outcome: the comparison of three youth measures of psychopathic features
Authors: Spain Sarah E. , Douglas Kevin S. , Poythress Norman G. , Epstein Monica 
Published: February 2004

AbstractFew studies have compared self‐report and clinician‐administered measures of youth psychopathic features in juvenile‐justice settings in terms of antisocial behavior and treatment indices. In a sample of 85 adjudicated delinquents, the predictive validities of the Antisocial Process Screening Device (APSD), the modified Childhood Psychopathy Scale (mCPS), and the Hare Psychopathy Checklist: Youth Version (PCL:YV) were tested. Three indices of institutional antisocial behavior (physical aggression; verbal aggression; administrative infractions) and two indices of treatment progress (time to treatment level promotion; whether treatment levels were dropped) were used as external correlates. The self‐report measures (mCPS more so than APSD) were more consistently and strongly related to antisocial behavior and to the days required to progress in treatment than the PCL:YV. The following issues are discussed: (i) implications of the potential impact of measurement format on the understanding and predictive validity of youth psychopathy features and measures; (ii) the differential predictive validity of self‐report versus clinician‐administered measures; and (iii) the potential practical utility of measures of psychopathic features in youth. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Psychopathic‐like traits in childhood: conceptual and measurement concerns
Authors: Johnstone Lorraine , Cooke David J. 
Published: February 2004

AbstractCan psychopathy be identified in pre‐adolescent children? This question has both theoretical and practical implications. So far, attempts to answer this question have been made by making downward extensions of symptoms of the disorder as found in adults. We argue that for the construct of psychopathy to be viable as a construct in childhood it is necessary to demonstrate that a coherent syndrome of symptoms can be identified during childhood. To achieve this it is necessary first to use a strong measurement model, and second to use developmentally informed conceptualizations of key constructs. In order to progress from the measurement perspective, it is necessary to demonstrate (i) configural invariance of symptoms across key ages, (ii) similar performance of age cognate symptoms across key ages, and (iii) stability of relative standing on the latent trait across age. Novel techniques including item response methods and structural equation modelling techniques are required. In this paper, we review the relevant literature and evaluate the strength, or otherwise, of the evidence that key traits of psychopathy can be observed in childhood. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Validity and structure of a self‐report measure of youth psychopathy
Authors: Lexcen Frances J. , Vincent Gina M. , Grisso Thomas 
Published: February 2004

AbstractAn interest in early identification of youth who may be at risk of psychopathy has generated measures for age‐appropriate screening and assessment. This study examines the structural, concurrent, and divergent validity of the Psychopathy Content Scale, a 20‐item self‐report instrument derived from the Millon Adolescent Clinical Inventory (MACI). Data for 481 youths who had taken the MACI, the Child Behavior Checklist Youth Self‐Report (YSR), and the Massachusetts Youth Screening Instrument, Second Version (MAYSI‐2), were analyzed. Results showed that the PCS is best described by a two‐factor model and that analyses of the two factors offer limited support for convergent and divergent validity. High scores on both factors were associated with high YSR and MAYSI‐2 scales, suggesting that the measure identified youth who were distressed on several measures of emotional, psychological, and behavioral disorder. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The role of health professionals in preventing non‐accidental head injury
Authors: Kemp Alison , Coles Lisa 
Published: February 2004

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to reﬂect on the role that the health professions can play in preventing a serious form of physical child abuse. Using research data from a case series study on non‐accidental head injury, or shaken baby syndrome, some aspects of child healthcare are reviewed for their potential for prevention. In child protection in the UK, more resources are put into the diagnosis and assessment of child abuse than into interventions designed for prevention. The ﬁeld of prevention is generally lacking in a theoretical underpinning or systematic means of evaluation and yet the 1996 National Commission of Inquiry into the Prevention of Child Abuse concluded that child abuse ‘can almost always be prevented provided the will to do so is there’ (National Commission of Inquiry into the Prevention of Child Abuse, 1996). This requires major changes to the way society views and protects children. The focus in this paper is on the very young, mainly babies under 6 months of age. It calls for a lowering of the threshold with which health professionals view a baby's illness for secondary prevention of non‐accidental head injury and the need to review approaches to primary prevention, both from the UK and abroad, in order to implement a systematic means to primary prevention. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Flexible on‐line Modeling and Control of pH in Waste Neutralization Reactors
Authors: Mwembeshi M.M. , Kent Ch.A. , Salhi S. 
Published: February 2004

AbstractThe control of pH in waste neutralization processes presents a challenging highly nonlinear and time‐varying problem in which the reactor also suffers from inaccessible state information. The ability to characterize the changing dynamics of such reactors is essential to the success of advanced control schemes for these applications. In this work, flexible on‐line modeling of a pH reactor simulating nonstationary behavior was studied. This entailed a comparison of the most popular connectionist learning algorithm, the “Widrow‐Hoff delta rule”, with a classical tool in adaptive identification and control, recursive least squares (RLS). The modeling was pursued within the framework of neural networks using the ADALINE neural network. Further, two heuristically defined first‐principles‐based transforms were investigated for providing “general globally linearizing” information to the ADALINE. The comparisons of the learning algorithms for different neural network information vectors has led to a critical understanding of the flexibility of each algorithm for on‐line learning of the diverse process gain characteristics encountered in pH reactors.
Modular Simulation of Fluidized Bed Reactors
Authors: Jafari R. , Sotudeh‐Gharebagh R. , Mostoufi N. 
Published: February 2004

AbstractSimulation of chemical processes involving nonideal reactors is essential for process design, optimization, control and scale‐up. Various industrial process simulation programs are available for chemical process simulation. Most of these programs are being developed based on the sequential modular approach. They contain only standard ideal reactors but provide no module for nonideal reactors, e.g., fluidized bed reactors. In this study, a new model is developed for the simulation of fluidized bed reactors by sequential modular approach. In the proposed model the bed is divided into several serial sections and the flow of the gas is considered as plug flow through the bubbles and perfectly mixed through the emulsion phase. In order to simulate the performance of these reactors, the hydrodynamic and reaction submodels should be integrated together in the medium and facilities provided by industrial simulators to obtain a simulation model. The performance of the proposed simulation model is tested against the experimental data reported in the literature for various gas‐solid systems and a wide range of superficial gas velocities. It is shown that this model provides acceptable results in predicting the performance of the fluidized bed reactors. The results of this study can easily be used by industrial simulators to enhance their abilities to simulate the fluidized bed reactor properly.
Neurochemical characterization of extrinsic innervation of the guinea pig rectum
Authors: Olsson Catharina , Costa Marcello , Brookes Simon J.H. 
Published: February 2004

AbstractThe presence of markers for parasympathetic, sympathetic, and glutamatergic or peptidergic sensory innervation was investigated by using in vitro tracing with biotinamide, combined with immunohistochemistry, to characterise quantitatively extrinsic axons to myenteric ganglia of the guinea pig rectum. Of biotinamide‐filled varicose axons, 3.6 ± 1.3% were immunoreactive for tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and 16.0 ± 4.8% for vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT). TH and vesicular monoamine transporter (VMAT1) showed high coexistence (83–100%), indicating that varicosities lacking TH immunoreactivity also lacked VMAT1. VAChT was detectable in 77% of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT)‐immunoreactive varicosities. Calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP) was detected in 5.3 ± 1.6% of biotinamide‐labeled varicosities, the vesicular glutamate transporter (VGluT) 1 in 2.8 ± 0.8%, and VGluT2 in 11.3 ± 4.2% of varicosities of extrinsic origin. Varicosities from the same axon showed consistent immunoreactivity. A novel type of nerve ending was identified, with branching, flattened lamellar endings, similar to the intraganglionic laminar endings (IGLEs) of the proximal gut. Rectal IGLEs were frequently immunoreactive for VGluT1 and VGluT2. Thus most varicose axons of extrinsic origin, which innervate rectal myenteric ganglia, lack detectable levels of immunoreactivity for TH, VMAT1, VAChT, ChAT, VGluT1/2, or CGRP, under conditions in which these markers are readily detectable in other axons. Although some unlabeled varicosities may belong to afferent axons that lack detectable CGRP or VGluT1/2 in the periphery, this suggests that a large proportion of axons do not release any of the major autonomic or sensory transmitters. We speculate that this may vary under particular circumstances, for example, inflammation or obstruction of the gut. J. Comp. Neurol. 470:357–371, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
AII amacrine cells in the mammalian retina show disabled‐1 immunoreactivity
Authors: Lee Eun‐Jin , Kim Hyun‐Ju , Lim Eun‐Jin , Kim In‐Beom , Kang Wha‐Sun , Oh Su‐Ja , Rickman Dennis W. , Chung Jin‐Woong , Chun Myung‐Hoon 
Published: February 2004

AbstractDisabled 1 (Dab1) is an adapter molecule in a signaling pathway, stimulated by Reelin, which controls cell positioning in the developing brain. It has been localized to AII amacrine cells in the mouse and guinea pig retinas. This study was conducted to identify whether Dab1 is commonly localized to AII amacrine cells in the retinas of other mammals. We investigated Dab1‐labeled cells in human, rat, rabbit, and cat retinas in detail by immunocytochemistry with antisera against Dab1. Dab1 immunoreactivity was found in certain populations of amacrine cells, with lobular appendages in the outer half of the inner plexiform layer (IPL) and a bushy, smooth dendritic tree in the inner half of the IPL. Double‐labeling experiments demonstrated that all Dab1‐immunoreactive amacrine cells were immunoreactive to antisera against calretinin or parvalbumin (i.e., other markers for AII amacrine cells in the mammalian retina) and that they made contacts with the axon terminals of the rod bipolar cells in the IPL close to the ganglion cell layer. Furthermore, all Dab1‐labeled amacrine cells showed glycine transporter‐1 immunoreactivity, indicating that they are glycinergic. The peak density was relatively high in the human and rat retinas, moderate in the cat retina, and low in the rabbit retina. Together, these morphological and histochemical observations clearly indicate that Dab1 is commonly localized to AII amacrine cells and that antiserum against Dab1 is a reliable and specific marker for AII amacrine cells of diverse mammals. J. Comp. Neurol. 470:372–381, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Influence of gamma radiation on the absorption spectra and optical energy gap of Li‐ doped ZnO thin films
Authors: Abu El‐Fadl A. , El‐Maghraby E. M. , Mohamad G. A. 
Published: February 2004

AbstractWe have studied the effect of subsequent gamma (γ) irradiation on the absorption spectra and the optical energy gap of ZnO thin films doped with Li (ZnO:Li). The optical transmission (T) and optical reflection (R) in the wavelength range 190∼800 nm of films deposited at 300 °C on sapphire, MgO or quartz substrates were measured. The dependence of the absorption coefficient α on photon energy hν was determined as a function of γ‐doses. The films show direct allowed interband transition that influenced by the gamma doses. Both the optical energy gap Eoptg and the absorption coefficient (α) were found to be γ‐dose dependent. The results can be discussed on the basis of γ‐irradiation‐induced defects in the film and on the film structure. The absorption coefficient exhibits exponential dependence on photon energy obeying Urbach's rule in the absorption edge. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Temperature dependence of the quadratic electrooptic effect and estimation of antipolarization of ADP
Authors: Ledzion R. , Bondarczuk K. , Kucharczyk W. 
Published: February 2004

AbstractMeasurements of the temperature dependence of the quadratic electrooptic coefficient |g1111‐g2211| of ADP were made. The coefficient is found to decrease with an increase in temperature. The results show that the intrinsic quadratic electrooptic coefficient |M1111‐M2211| defined in terms of polarization also dependes on temperature. Employing the temperature dependence of |M1111‐M2211| estimation of antipolarization in lowtemperature antiferroelectric phase of ADP is made. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)