bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improvement of anxiety in ADHD following goal-focused cognitive remediation: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Hanssen Kjersti T. , Brevik Erlend J. , Småstuen Milada C. , Stubberud Jan 
Published: November 2023

IntroductionDespite the high prevalence and detrimental consequences of cognitive and executive dysfunction in ADHD, the evidence base of cognitive remediation in the adult ADHD population is sparse. Executive problems can increase both anxiety and depression in ADHD. Thcus, it is important to develop treatment options for adults with ADHD, aiming to improve goal-directed behavior and mood. Goal Management Training (GMT) is an intervention that has received empirical support in improving executive functions and mood in normal aging and for various neurological and psychiatric conditions. The present randomized controlled trial investigated the effects of a goal-focused intervention combining 1) group-based GMT incorporating psychoeducation about ADHD and 2) guidance in implementing individual goals for coping with executive problems in everyday life, compared to treatment as usual (TAU). The primary outcome was perceived executive functioning in everyday life. Secondary outcomes included psychological well-being (anxiety, depression, and coping with ADHD symptoms).MethodsWe recruited 81 adult participants with a verified ADHD diagnosis (Mage   = 31 years). Inclusion was based upon the presence of executive functioning complaints. The participants were randomly assigned to either the intervention or TAU. The intervention group (n = 41) received 16 hours of GMT and psychoeducation, in addition to 4 individual sessions focusing on formulating goals. The goals were assessed in 6 bi-weekly phone calls in the first three months following the group sessions. Participants in the TAU group (n = 40) received standard, individually-adapted follow-up in an outpatient psychiatric health care setting. All participants were assessed at baseline, post-intervention, and at 8-month follow-up (main measurement time point).ResultsSignificant improvements in everyday executive functioning, psychological wellbeing, and symptoms of ADHD from baseline to 8-month follow-up were reported in both groups. The intervention group reported a significantly higher reduction in symptoms of anxiety compared to TAU. Conclusions. Our findings provide support for considering cognitive remediation as a treatment option for patients with ADHD.Clinical Trial Registration: https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04638283?term=NCT04638283&amp;rank=1, identifier: NCT04638283.
Inhalation of Origanum majorana L. essential oil while working reduces perceived stress and anxiety levels of nurses in a COVID-19 intensive care unit: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Lee Sang Wook , Shin You Kyoung , Lee Jeong-Min , Seol Geun Hee 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundNurses caring for patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) experience higher psychosocial distress than other healthcare workers, and this can adversely affect the quality of patient care. There is evidence that inhalation of essential oil from marjoram (Origanum majorana L.) has calming effects, suggesting this intervention may help to reduce the stress and anxiety of nurses working in a COVID-19 intensive care unit (ICU). This study aimed to investigate the effect of inhalation of marjoram essential oil at work on the stress and anxiety levels of nurses in a COVID-19 ICU.MethodsNurses (n = 57) working in a single COVID-19 ICU were randomly assigned to inhale 3% marjoram essential oil (marjoram group, n = 29) or almond oil (control group, n = 28) for 2 h while at work. Mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate, state anxiety score, and score on a visual analog scale for anxiety (VAS-anxiety) and stress (VAS-stress) were measured before and after the intervention.ResultsThe two groups had similar baseline variables. MAP did not have within-group or between-group differences. Heart rate increased significantly in the marjoram group after the intervention (p = 0.031), but it remained within the normal range and the increase was not clinically meaningful. There was no significant between-group difference in the state-anxiety or VAS-anxiety score after the intervention, but the marjoram group had a significantly lower state-anxiety (p = 0.001) and VAS-anxiety (p = 0.037) score at posttest vs. pretest. The VAS-stress score was significantly lower in the marjoram group at the posttest vs. the pretest (p = 0.026).ConclusionNurses caring for patients in a COVID-19 ICU experience significant stress, and strategies are needed to address this important issue. Inhalation of 3% marjoram essential oil while caring for patients in a COVID-19 ICU may be a simple and effective intervention that reduces perceived stress and anxiety in nurses.Clinical Trial Registration: https://cris.nih.go.kr/, KCT0007543.
Free-living competitive racewalkers and runners with energy availability estimates of <35 kcal·kg fat-free mass−1·day−1 exhibit peak serum progesterone concentrations indicative of ovulatory disturbances: a pilot study
Authors: Castellanos-Mendoza M. Carolina , Galloway Stuart D. R. , Witard Oliver C. 
Published: November 2023

IntroductionThe release of luteinising hormone (LH) before ovulation is disrupted during a state of low energy availability (EA). However, it remains unknown whether a threshold EA exists in athletic populations to trigger ovulatory disturbances (anovulation and luteal phase deficiency) as indicated by peak/mid-luteal serum progesterone concentration (Pk-PRG) during the menstrual cycle.MethodsWe assessed EA and Pk-PRG in 15 menstrual cycles to investigate the relationship between EA and Pk-PRG in free-living, competitive (trained-elite) Guatemalan racewalkers (n = 8) and runners (n = 7) [aged: 20 (14–41) years; post-menarche: 5 (2–26) years; height: 1.53 ± 0.09 m; mass: 49 ± 6 kg (41 ± 5 kg fat-free mass “FFM”)]. EA was estimated over 7 consecutive days within the follicular phase using food, training, and physical activity diaries. A fasted blood sample was collected during the Pk-PRG period, 6–8 days after the LH peak, but before the final 2 days of each cycle. Serum progesterone concentration was quantified using electrochemiluminescence immunoassay.ResultsParticipants that reported an EA of &lt;35 kcal·kg FFM−1·day−1 (n = 7) exhibited ovulatory disturbances (Pk-PRG ≤9.40 ng·mL−1). Athletes with EA ≥36 kcal·kg FFM−1·day−1 (n = 8) recorded “normal”/“potentially fertile” cycles (Pk-PRG &gt;9.40 ng·mL−1), except for a single racewalker with the lowest reported protein intake (1.1 g·kg body mass−1·day−1). EA was positively associated with Pk-PRG [r(9) = 0.79, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.37–0.94; p = 0.003; 1 − β = 0.99] after excluding participants (n = 4) that likely under-reported/reduced their dietary intake.ConclusionsThe result from the linear regression analysis suggests that an EA ≥ 36 kcal·kg FFM−1·day−1 is required to achieve “normal ovulation.” The threshold EA associated with ovulatory disturbances in athletes and non-invasive means of monitoring the ovulatory status warrant further research.
The Berlin-Brandenburg Air Study—A Methodological Study Paper of a Natural Experiment Investigating Health Effects Related to Changes in Airport-Related Exposures
Authors: Soppa Vanessa , Lucht Sarah , Ogurtsova Katherine , Buschka Anna , López-Vicente Mónica , Guxens Mònica , Weinhold Kay , Winkler Ulf , Wiedensohler Alfred , Held Andreas , Lüchtrath Sabine , Cyrys Josef , Kecorius Simonas , Gastmeier Petra , Wiese-Posselt Miriam , Hoffmann Barbara 
Published: November 2023

Objectives: This paper presents the study design of the Berlin-Brandenburg Air study (BEAR-study). We measure air quality in Berlin and Brandenburg before and after the relocation of aircraft (AC) traffic from Tegel (TXL) airport to the new Berlin-Brandenburg airport (BER) and investigate the association of AC-related ultrafine particles (UFP) with health outcomes in schoolchildren.Methods: The BEAR-study is a natural experiment examining schoolchildren attending schools near TXL and BER airports, and in control areas (CA) away from both airports and associated air corridors. Each child undergoes repeated school-based health-examinations. Total particle number concentration (PNC) and meteorological parameters are continuously monitored. Submicrometer particle number size distribution, equivalent black carbon, and gas-phase pollutants are collected from long-term air quality monitoring stations. Daily source-specific UFP concentrations are modeled. We will analyze short-term effects of UFP on respiratory, cardiovascular, and neurocognitive outcomes, as well as medium and long-term effects on lung growth and cognitive development.Results: We examined 1,070 children (as of 30 November 2022) from 16 schools in Berlin and Brandenburg.Conclusion: The BEAR study increases the understanding of how AC-related UFP affect children’s health.
Modelo TIME para investigación en Diseño
Authors: Esquivel Luz del Carmen Vilchis 
Published: November 2023

El modelo TIME se ha desarrollado con base en la observación de la investigación en Diseño como tarea fundamental. El análisis permitió comprender una serie de fenómenos que impiden culminar un proyecto de indagación que debiera tener coherencia y fluidez suficientes para posibilitar su cierre con las condiciones pertinentes. El tema abarca los constructos de orientación y educación, con un enfoque hacia la formación de la disciplina de trabajo y la dimensión procesual y evolutiva. El cientificismo en la enseñanza e investigación del Diseño ha sido causa de múltiples problemas metodológicos tanto en la teorización como en la práctica profesional. No se puede soslayar que es motivo de numerosas deserciones en los posgrados o sistemas de investigación por la instrumentación del modelo del método científico. Los impactos más preocupantes de esta visión de la problemática a través de los años son el bajo índice tanto de titulación como de publicaciones arbitradas en el ámbito del Diseño. El objetivo de este texto es presentar el modelo TIME como alternativa original e innovadora para la enseñanza de la investigación considerando objetividad, subjetividad e intersubjetividad del Diseño. Metodológicamente la postulación del método se ha fundamentado en los principios de la dialéctica hegeliana y le hermenéutica. Este modelo se ha aplicado en diferentes contextos como experiencia piloto y después en una práctica permanente hasta consolidarlo como parte de la metodología de investigación en el Diseño.
ІНСТИТУЦІОНАЛЬНЕ ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ ГРОМАДСЬКОЇ БЕЗПЕКИ В СТАРОСТИНСЬКИХ ОКРУГАХ
Authors: Ровинська Катерина , Ровинський Юрій 
Published: November 2023

У статті актуалізуються питання викликів децентралізації України, зокрема інституалізація забезпечення громадської безпеки у старостинських округах. Досліджується поняття «громадська безпека» у законодавстві України як одне з пріоритетних завдань безпекових держаних органів, органів місцевого самоврядування у взаємодії із мешканцями старостинського округу. Встановлена понятійна розбіжність у законодавстві «громадської безпеки» (Конституція України) та «публічної безпеки» (Закон України «Про національну поліцію»).
Проаналізовано інститут поліцейського офіцеру громади як ключового суб’єкта забезпечення громадської безпеки та порядку у старостинському окрузі та закцентувано увагу на особливих складових положення та статусу. Доведено, що на відміну від поліцейського відділення ефективність поліцейського офіцера залежить від довіри, авторитетності та доступності комунікації із ним мешканців старостинського округу.
Розглянуто закордонний досвід міжнародної моделі «community policing» як орієнтованого на громаду підходу в роботі поліції, який визнає, що ефективна поліційна діяльність залежить від допомоги й підтримки з боку громади і який ґрунтується на організованій інноваційними методами співпраці поліції і громади щодо спільного виявлення й вирішення проблем, які стоять перед громадою.
Theodor Kocher (1841-1917) and his outstanding contributions to surgery
Authors: Romero-Reveron Rafael 
Published: November 2023

Theodor Kocher (1841-1917), an exceptional Swiss surgeon who described a technique for the safe removal of enlarged thyroid unraveled the true function of this endocrine gland but also made significant contributions to many other fields of surgery. Kocher was the first surgeon awarded the Nobel prize in Physiology and Medicine in 1909 for his work on the physiology, pathology, and surgery of the thyroid gland. He was professor and clinical director at Insel Hospital during 45 years. Kocher created the prominent Surgeon's School in Bern. He was the first president of the International Society of Surgery in 1903 and the founding president of the Swiss Society of Surgery in 1913.
أثر استخدام أنموذجي كلوزماير وميرل- تينسون التعليميين في تحصيل طالبات الصف الثاني المتوسط في مادة علم الاحياء
Authors: أ. م. د. رائد بايش الركابي  , م. م. اطياف محمد محمود  
Published: November 2023

يهدف البحث الى تعرُف ( اثر انموذجي كلوزماير وميرل – تينسون في التحصيل الدراسي في مادة علم الاحياء لدى طالبات الصف الثاني المتوسط).ولتحقيق هدف البحث اعتمد الباحثان المنهج التجريبي وتصميما تجريبيا ذا الضبط الجزئي ( مجموعتين تجربيتن ومجموعة ضابطة )واختبارا بعديا لقياس التحصيل الدراسي لدى الطالبات.اختار الباحثان مدرسة التراث العربي من بين المدارس التابعة للمديرية العامه لتربية الكرخ /الاولى في مدينة بغداد،واختيرت عينة من طالبات الصف الثاني المتوسط تكونت من (80) طالبة توزعن على ثلاث مجموعات (مجموعتان تجربيتن ومجموعة ضابطة).كافأ الباحثان بين مجموعات البحث الثلاثة في عدد من المتغيرات وهي (العمر الزمني ، اختبار المعلومات السابقة ،والتحصيل الدراسي السابق ، والتحصيل الدراسي للابوين) .صاغ الباحثان (79) غرضا سلوكيا لمحتوى الموضوعات على وفق تصنيف بلوم في المجال المعرفي( تذكر،فهم،تطبيق)،تم اعداد خططا تعليمية للمواضيع التي ستدرسها في اثناء التجربة عرضت على مجموعة من الخبراء والمحكمين في طرائق تدريس العلوم .اعد الباحثان اختبار تحصيلي ( بعديا ) تكون من (63) فقرة وكان من نوع الاختيار من متعدد تم ايجاد الصدق الظاهري له ، وصدق المحتوى وكذلك ثباته حيث بلغ (0.934) .
استعمل الباحثان في اجراءات بحثها وتحليل نتائجه الوسائل الاحصائية الاتية: (تحليل التباين الاحادي اختبار كاي ، معادلة معامل الصعوبة،معامل ارتباط بيرسون ، معامل سبيرمان براون ،واختبار شفيه) ومن النتائج التي تم التوصل اليها :
تفوق طالبات المجموعة التجريبية الاولى واللواتي درسن على وفق انموذج كلوزماير وطالبات المجموعة التجريبية الثانية اللواتي درسن وفق انموذج ميرل – تينسون على طالبات المجموعة الضابطة واللواتي درسن على وفق الطريقة التقليدية. وتساوي المجموعة التجريبية الاولى اللواتي درسن وفق انموذج كلوزماير مع المجموعة التجريبية الثانية اللواتي درسن على وفق انموذج ميرل – تينسون .في ضوء نتائج البحث اوصى الباحثان التاكيد على استعمال انموذجي كلوزماير وميرل – تينسون التعليمين في تعلم المفاهيم الاحيائية لطالبات المرحلة الثانوية.واوصى الباحثان بالقيام بدورات تاهل المدرسين والمدرسات على كيفية تعلم المفاهيم الاحيائية على وفق انموذجي (كلوزماير وميرل – تينسون ) التعليمين واجراء دراسة مماثلة للدراسة الحالية وذلك باستعمال نماذج تعليمية اخرى كنموذج جانييه وبرونر وهيليدا تابا التعليمية.
ﺍﺗﺟﺎﻫﺎﺕ ﻁﻠﺑﺔ ﻗﺳﻡ ﺍﻟﺗﺭﺑﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻧﻳﺔ ﺑﻛﻠﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻣﻳﻥ ﻧﺣﻭ ﺍﻟﺳﻠﻭﻙ ﺍﻟﺣﺭﻛﻲ ﻟﻠﺗﺩﺭﻳﺳﻳﻳﻥ
Authors: ﺃ.ﻡ.ﺩ. ﺻﺎﻟﺢ ﺃﺣﻣﺩ ﺍﻟﻔﻬﺩﺍﻭﻱ  
Published: November 2023

ﺘﻛﺘﺴـب ﻋﻤﻠﻴـﺔ اﻟﺘـدرﻴس أﻫﻤﻴـﺔ ﺨﺎﺼـﺔ ﻟﻤـﺎ ﻓﻴﻬـﺎ ﻤـن ﺘﻔـﺎﻋﻼت وﻤـؤﺜ ارت ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔـﺔ
داﺨﻝ ﻗﺎﻋﺔ اﻟدرس واﺴﺘﺠﺎﺒﺎت ﻤﺘﻨوﻋﺔ ﻤﺎ ﺒﻴن اﻟﻤدرس وطﻠﺒﺘﻪ وﻤن ﺨﻼﻝ اﻟﻤواﻀﻴﻊ واﻟﻤواد

اﻟد ارﺴﻴﺔ .
وﻟﻐـرض اﻟﺘوﺼـﻝ إﻟـﻰ ﻓﻬـم ﻤﺘﻛﺎﻤـﻝ ﻟﻬـذﻩ اﻟﺘﻔـﺎﻋﻼت واﻟﻤـؤﺜ ارت ﻛـﺎن ﻟ ازﻤـﺎ اﻹﻟﻤـﺎم
ﺒﻌﻨﺎﺼـر اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴـﺔ اﻟﺘدرﻴﺴـﻴﺔ اﻟﺘـﻲ ﺘﺘﻤﺤـور ﻋﻠـﻰ اﻟطﺎﻟـب واﻟﻤـدرس ﻤﻤـﺎ ﻴوﺠـب ﺘطـوﻴر اﻟﻌﻤـﻝ
اﻟﻤﺴـﺘﻤر ﻟﻠﻤـﻼك اﻟﺘدرﻴﺴـﻲ ﻟﻛـﻲ ﻴـﺘﻤﻛن ﻤـن اﻟﻘﻴـﺎم ﺒﻤﻬﺎﻤـﻪ ﻋﻠـﻰ أﺤﺴـن وﺠـﻪ ٬ وﺘﺘﻤﺜـﻝ ﺘﻠـك
اﻟﻤﻬﺎم ﺒﻌﻼﻗﺔ اﻟﻤدرس ﺒطﻠﺒﺘﻪ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻴﺠب أن ﺘﻔﻬم ﻋﻠﻰ أﻨﻬﺎ ﺘﻔﺎﻋﻝ ﻴﻠزم اﻟﻤدرس ﺒﻔﻬم ﻋﻤﻴـق
ﻟﺸﺨﺼـﻴﺔ واﻫﺘﻤﺎﻤـﺎت وﻤﻴـوﻝ وﺴـﻠوك اﻟطﺎﻟـب ﻟﻛـﻲ ﻴﺴـﺘطﻴﻊ أﻓﺎدﺘـﻪ ﻋﻠﻤﻴـﺎ وﺘرﺒوﻴـﺎ ذﻟـك ﻷن
ﺴـﻠوك اﻟﻤـدرس ﻏﻴـر اﻟﻤﺘﻛـﺎﻓﺊ ﻏﺎﻟﺒـﺎ ﻤـﺎ ﻴـؤﺜر ﺒﺸـﻛﻝ ﺴـﻠﺒﻲ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺘﺤﺼـﻴﻠﻪ اﻟﻌﻠﻤـﻲ وﺘﻛوﻴﻨـﻪ
اﻻﺠﺘﻤـﺎﻋﻲ وﺒﺎﻟﺘـﺎﻟﻲ ﻓﺄﻨـﻪ ﻴـؤﺜر ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻤواﻗـف وﺴـﻠوك واﺴـﺘﺠﺎﺒﺎت اﻟطﻠﺒـﺔ ﻨﺤـوﻩ ﺴـﻠﺒﺎ ٕواﻴﺠﺎﺒـﺎ ٬
وﻤـن ﻫﻨـﺎ ﻓﻘـد أﺼـﺒﺢ أد ارك أﻫﻤﻴـﺔ اﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋـﻝ ﺒـﻴن اﻟﻤـدرس وطﻠﺒﺘـﻪ ﻴﻤﺜـﻝ ﺤﻘﻴﻘـﺔ ﻴﺠـب اﻻﻨﺘﺒـﺎﻩ
اﻟﻴﻬـﺎ ٬ ﺘؤﻛـد ذﻟـك ﺒﺤـوث ﻋدﻴـدة أﺠرﻴـت ﻓـﻲ ﻫـذا اﻟﻤﺠـﺎﻝ ٬ ﻛـﺎن ﻤـن ﺤﺼـﻴﻠﺘﻬﺎ أن ﺴـﻠوك
اﻟﻤدرس ﻴﺨﻠق ﻤﻨﺎﺨﺎ اﻨﻔﻌﺎﻟﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺼف اﻟد ارﺴﻲ ﻴـؤﺜر ﺒﺼـورة ﻤﺒﺎﺸـرة ﻓـﻲ ﺴـﻠوك واﺘﺠﺎﻫـﺎت
اﻟطﻠﺒﺔ اﻟذﻴن ﻴﺴـﺘﺠﻴﺒون ﻟﻛـﻝ ﻤـﺎ ﻴﻔﻌﻠـﻪ اﻟﻤـدرس ﺒط ارﺌـق ﺘﺘﺒـﺎﻴن ﺤﺴـب ﺴـﻠوك اﻟﻤـدرس. وﻤـن
ﺒــﻴن ﻫــذﻩ اﻟد ارﺴــﺎت د ارﺴــﺔ ﺒرﻴــد (١٩٧٤) (Breed) ود ارﺴــﺔ ﻛﻼﻴــن (١٩٧١) (Klein)
ود ارﺴـﺔ ﺴــﻼﻓﻴن (Slavin) (١٩٨٠) اﻟﺘـﻲ ﺘﻨﺎوﻟــت ﺘﺤﻠﻴـﻝ اﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋــﻝ ﻓـﻲ اﻟﺼــف اﻟد ارﺴــﻲ
واﻟذي ﻴﻔﻴد اﻟﻤدرﺴﻴن ﻛﺜﻴ ار ﻟﻠﺤﺼوﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻌﻠوﻤﺎت ﻨوﻀﺢ ﺴﻠﺴﻠﺔ اﻷﺤداث اﻟﺴـﻠوﻛﻴﺔ داﺨـﻝ
اﻟﺼـف وﺘوﻀـﺢ ﻨﺸـﺎطﺎﺘﻬم اﻟﺸﺨﺼـﻴﺔ واﻷﻨﻤـﺎط اﻟﻤﺜﺎﻟﻴـﺔ ﻓـﻲ اﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋـﻝ وﺘﺴـﺎﻋدﻫم ﻓـﻲ ﺘطـوﻴر

وﺘﻨظﻴم ﺴﻠوﻛﻬم اﻟﺘدرﻴﺴﻲ.
A NEW DATA TO THE STUDIES OF EARLY IRON AGE IN SOUTHERN VOLHYNIA (the Upper Horyn riven region)
Authors: Gershkovych Ya. P. , Kushtan D. P. 
Published: November 2023

This paper introduces the materials of excavations archaeological objects (ash-hills and kurgan) explored in Bazar tract within the Netishyn town of Khmelnytska oblast in 2017. This area is located on the covered with forest first terrace of the eastern bank of Horyn river. Seven possible mounds of an elevation of 0.4—1 m were visually observed at the territory of c. 1 ha. Excavations have shown that this group included seven ash-hills (objects 3—5, 7), kurgan (object 2) and two pseudo-mounds (objects 1 and 6).
The construction of ash-hills was preceded by functioning of the multi-layered settlement. The layers represent Late Palaeolithic (Swiderian culture), Middle Bronze Age (Gorodotsko-Zdovbytska culture), Late Bronze Age (Trzciniec-Komarivka culture) and Early Iron Age (Mohylianska group). Ash-hills were constructed by Mohylianska group population using the soil from the cultural layer of the settlement. Therefore ash-hills include numerous settlement data, i. e. animal bones, flints, kitchen and table pottery, ceramic spindles etc.
After a certain chronological gap the site territory was used as a cemetery by Mylohrad culture population, perhaps presuming earlier ash-hills for kurgans. Milohrad population constructed a kurgan, a mound over the main burial, which visually did not differ from ash-hills. Bones were extremely weakly preserved because of the effects of local soils. Funeral inventory includes two pots, iron knife and bronze finger ring. Two more fragmented pots in the mound of one of the ash-hills (object 7), probably, mark one more Mylohrad culture burial there.
RED SLIP WARE FROM THE LATE SCYTHIAN NECROPOLISES OF THE LOWER DNIPRO BASIN
Authors: Symonenko O. V. 
Published: November 2023

Red slip ware from the Late Scythian burial grounds of the Lower Dnipro (Mykolaivka, Zolota Balka, Chervony Mayak) has been analyzed in the paper. Its purpose is a primary generalization of the material: summarizing all finds of this category, typological distribution according to accepted typological schemes, statistical processing and dating according to the assemblages and analogues. The vessels of the Late Hellenistic and Roman Ages covered with any lacquer coating: red, brown or black (sometimes these colors exist together on the same vessel) were enrolled in the analysis. It has been ascertained that the difference in color is caused by the thickness and quality of the lacquer layer and oxidation or reduction processes during firing.
The material is organized by the form (purpose) into departments in which for typological division the classification schemes by J. Hayes, D. V. Zhuravlyov and O. A. Trufanov was used. There are eight of these departments: plates (1), bowls (2), cups (3), dishes (4), kantharoi (5), mugs (6), jars (7), and other types (8). In total, in three burial grounds 109 whole and fragmented red slip vessels were found.
The preliminary analysis demonstrates, first of all, the significant difference in the assortment of red slip ware of the Lower Dnipro and Crimean Late Scythian burial grounds. In the former there are almost no plates, jugs and mugs, which are so numerous in the latter. On the other hand, in Crimea there are no rare forms (modiolus, pottery with applied decoration) similar to those found on the Lower Dnipro. The qualitative difference is also noticeable: in the Crimean graves there are a lot of new vessels without noticeable traces of use; on the contrary, the pottery from the burials of Lower Dnipro basin is mostly used, with worn lacquer and traces of repair. The certain «tardiness» of several early vessels emphasizes the fact that the inhabitants of the Lower Dnipro hill-forts valued the imported vessels and kept them. It is interesting that sometimes red slip wine vessels were used as a container for sacrificial meat with a knife, completely without regard to their original purpose.
The large difference in the range and quantity of red slip ware between the Crimean and Lower Dnipro sites is easily explained by the neighborhood of the Scythians and Greek cities of the Crimea — primarily Chersonesos and Pantikapaion. It seems that Olbio, which was probably the main counterparty of the settlements of the Lower Dnipro, could not provide the neighboring barbarians with such a variety of goods as the Crimean polis. On the other hand, the relatively small number of imported vessels of the Oriental Sigillata group and the rarity of Western (Italian and Spanish) vessels makes the red slip ceramic complex of both Late Scythian enclaves similar. The significant prevalence of the Pontic Sigillata points to the main direction of trade relations of the Greek centers of the Northern Pontic region, which supplied the red slip ware to the neighboring barbarians.
BARROW OF THE SCYTHIAN PERIOD NEAR MALYNIVTSI VILLAGE IN PODILLYA
Authors: Hutsal A. F. , Hutsal V. A. , Mogylov O. D. 
Published: November 2023

During the Scythian Age the territory of Middle Dnister basin was occupied by the West-Podillia group of sites. It is characterized by the widespread use of burials under stone mounds. Burials were carried out both by cremation and inhumation burial rites. The group of barrows was excavated in 2003 by the expedition of the Kamianets-Podilskyi University with participation of the Institute of Archeology of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine near Malynivtsi village of Kamianets-Podilskyi district, Khmelnytskyi region. Nearby the settlement was discovered, the inhabitants of which could be buried at the necropolis.
Burial 4 was located in the south part of the cemetery. The mound was almost completely plowed and stood out on the surface only by the outcrop of stone. Its probable diameter could be up to 5.7 m. Under the layer of black oil, the stone pavement ca. 4 Ч 4 m2 was discovered. It consisted mostly of small limestone. Larger stones were localized around the perimeter, forming the irregular outer ring, and in the center where the larger slabs lay. There were the traces of repeated robberies which caused the stones to be turned upside down in many places. The burials were discovered at the level of the ancient surface. They were made according to the rites of inhumation and cremation. Due to the robbery, the bones of the burieds and their grave goods were scattered. The finds are represented by glass beads, bronze pins and earrings. The set of ceramics was numerous, including up to 17 vessels. Most of them were molded: pots, scoops, cups, bowls, and a vessel like an amphora. However, a fragment of gray clay vessel was also found. The set of grave goods is typical for the sites of the West Podillia group. It has analogies in other Scythian antiquities from the Ukrainian Forest-Steppe. The findings allow us to date the barrow to the last third of the 7th — first half of the 6th century B.C. Comparison with other burial sites of the West Podillia group, their size and grave goods, shows that the burials in the barrow 4 near Malynivtsi could belong to ordinary representatives of the Middle Dnister communities of this time.