bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Some Bio-agents and Naphthalene Acetic Acid to Inhabit Fusarium Nygamai Isolated from Hibiscus Sabdarriffa
Authors: Al-Mayahi H S M , Hassan A K 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
A laboratory experiment was carried out according to the randomized complete design (RCD) during the season of 2022- 2023 to study the effect of Trichoderma harzainum, Bacillus subtilis and Naphthalene acetic acid. The results showed that the biological agent T. harizanium achieved an antagonistic ability against F. nygamia amounted 1.25 according to the Bell scale, the concentration 300 mg/l of NAA led to inhibiting of F. nygamia 100%, compared to the control treatment 0%, in comparison, the concentrations 300mg/L of NAA did not cause any inhibitory effect on T. harizanum 0%, the Uniform fungicide at concentrations (100-900) mg/L caused inhibition of F. nygamia, which reached 24.82, 57.78, 89.26 and 100% respectively compared to the control treatment 0%.
Coating Corn Seeds with Silver Using DC Magnetron Plasma to Protect Them from Biological Effects
Authors: Falih A S , Yaseen W I , Al-Warshan S H S 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The silver was sputtered as layers on corn seeds using a direct current plasma planar magnetron sputtering. Three samples of corn seeds coated with silver resulted from varying the sputtering times 1,2, and 3 min. AFM and XRD technique were used to study the surface morphology of Ag thin films and structure properties. Cultivation of corn grains treated with the three levels of sputtering individually 1, 2 and 3 minutes did not affect the germination percentage. The atomic absorption spectrophotometer’s findings showed that the amounts of silver in plant of the control treatment (without sputtering) did not differ significantly from the spraying treatment for the three levels, where it was 0.350 ppm and for sputtering treatment at levels 1,2,3 minutes and the gum Arabic treatment were 0.363, 0.368, 0.385, 0.382 ppm respectively.
Effect of Foliar Apllication of Glutathione on Viability and Vigor Seeds of Sorghum Effected by Heat Stress
Authors: Al-Issawi A M , Al-Fahad A C 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Two experiments were carried out, field and laboratory experiments. The experimental field of the Department of Field Crops, University of Anbar - located in Anbar Governorate, the city of Ramadi, during the spring period of 2022. The experiment was carried by spraying the plants with four concentrations of glutathione (0 distilled water, 50, 100 and 150 mg L−1 glutathione). The experiment was applied as one-way according to the randomized complete block design (RCBD), with three replicates, with the aim to improve the quality of seeds and reflect their quality in laboratory tests of the seed viability and seed vigor under the influence of temperature. The laboratory experiment was carried out in the germination laboratory of the Department of Seed Examination and Certification / Ministry of Agriculture - Baghdad Governorate, in order to study the effect of glutathione spraying on the viability and seed vigor as affected by heat stress of sorghum crop. The results showed that the concentration of 50 mg L−1 outperformed in number of days to flowering, with the least number of days of (84.33 days), compared to other concentrations treatment. The concentration of 100 mg L−1 was superior in the leaf area with the highest rate of 595.8 cm2, while the concentration of 150 mg L−1 outperformed in number of seeds plant−1, and total grain yield achieving the highest mean of 2691 seeds plant−1 and 5.87 tons ha−1 respectively.
Sowing Dates and Melatonin Application Impact on Soybean Growth and Yield in Western Region of Iraq
Authors: Kareem R T , Alkhamisi F T F 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Global warming led to many environmental changes, temperature and photo period are noticeably altered within regions, hence, sowing crops in same recommended dates might affect their growth and production due to those environmental changes. The idea here in this study was to investigate the influence of changing sowing date on soybean growth and production. Plants subjected to extreme early and late dates (five dates started from 10th of Aprile with 15-day interval) and melatonin foliar application (0 µM, 100 µM, 200 µM and 300 µM). Obtained results showed great response of soybean, some traits appeared superior in particular dates while others showed the opposite. Plants sown very late in 9th Jun and those sown as recommended in 10th May both gave the highest value of plant height with no significant difference, while the lowest plant hight was reported for plants sown early 10th of Aprile. Plant leaf area appeared high for the plants sown in 9th of Jun. On the other hand, early sown plants had lowest value of plant leaf area. Recommended date gave highest number of branches, while very late date had the minimum. Pods number per plant presented high value at recommended date with no significant differences with plants sown late in May and Jun. plants sown in 10th Aprile and 25th Aprile gave highest total seed yield. Melatonin played interesting role improving all studied traits and mainly increased the yield and minimized the reduction in yield for plants sown early and late.
Interaction Effect of Rice Biochar and Phosphorous Fertilizer on Growth, Yield and Yield Component of Faba Bean (Vicia faba L)
Authors: Mahmood B J , Mustafa B S , Pirdwad K M , Fahad M S , Yousf W I , Ali M B 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This research was conducted during the growing season 2022 - 2023 at Grdarsha field, College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, Salahaddin University, Erbil with GPS reading of (36.10116 ◦N, longitude 44.00925◦ E and elevation of 415.8) meters above sea level The factorial experiment was done to study the influence of five levels of rice biochar (B0, B0.5, B1, B1.5 and B2) which equivalent to (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20) t ha-1, two levels of phosphorus (P0 and P1) which equivalent to (0 and 240) kg TSP ha-1 and their interactions on growth and yield of faba bean using randomized complete block design with three replications. The results indicated to the significant effect of both factors and their interactions on the studied growth traits and yield. The highest yield values (20.00, 18.59 and 23.67) t ha-1 were recorded from B1.5, P1 and B2P1 or from application of 15 t ha-1 rice biochar, 240 kg TSP ha-1 and their combination respectively. While the lowest values of them (13.3015.13 and 11.60) t ha-1 were obtained from control treatments (B0, P0 and B0P0) respectively. The significant correlation coefficient was recorded between yield and each of chlorophyll content, pod length and number of seeds per pod with the correlation coefficient values of (r =0.91**, r =0.98** and r = 0.90 **) respectively.
Pedological Stratigraphy and the Effect of Groundwater Level on the Variation of Pedological Characteristics in Soils of some Agricultural Districts Surrounding Fallujah of Anbar Governorate
Authors: Ahmed Z F , Al-Rifai M K 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This study was conducted in some provinces surrounding the Fallujah city of Anbar province, used soil texture to reveal the state of Pedostratigraphy between the soil pedons and the districts in all four directions. The study aims to demonstrate the effect of the Minder River and distance from the central and old branches of the river on the sedimentation processes and the uniformity of the soil separate, as well as revealing the reality and effect of the fluctuation of the groundwater level and its impact from the geotechnical in the future on these lands. The results showed the success of the soil texture class in establishing the state of stratigraphic correlation between the soil horizons of the provinces and study in all directions. The result shows the state of uniformity and non- uniformity between the soil separate from their horizontal and vertical distribution, in addition to the presence of significant differences between the provinces in terms of their particular distribution. The results also showed the effect of the depth of groundwater on the adequate soil depth, which was not affected by agriculture in all the study area
Effect of Foliar Seaweed and Different Irrigation Levels on Water Consumption, Growth and Yield of Wheat
Authors: Jafaar A A , Mohammed R J , Hassan D F , Thamer T Y 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This experiment was carried out using the RCBD randomized complete block design in the Yusufiya district in Baghdad governorate during the agricultural season 2020/2021. The experiment included three spraying levels of seaweed extract of 2,4,8 ml L−1 and three levels of depletion of available water 25,50,75%, with three replicates for each treatment. Some plant tests and some water calculations were conducted, as the results indicated that there were significant differences between spray levels of marine algae extract in plant height, number of branches, leaf surface area, grain yield and biological yield. The spray level of 8 ml L−1 exceeded the levels of 2 and 4 ml L−1. It was also found that treatment 25% was significantly superior according to the different levels of depletion of the available water, as the treatment and for all the studied traits, and there was a significant superiority for the water consumption according to the level of spraying and the level of depletion, and the values ranged from 548.5 to the depletion treatment 25% and at a seaweed extract level of 8 ml L−1 to 404.5 for 75% depletion treatment and at a seaweed extract level of 2 ml L−1, As for the productivity of crop and field water, its values ranged from 1.16 and 1.54 kg m3, respectively, for 50% depletion treatment of the available water and spray level of 8 ml L−1 to 0.87 and 1.13 kg m 3 respectively, for 75% depletion treatment of available water and spray level of 2 ml L−1.
Effect of Mycorrhizae, Azotobacter and Vermicompost Tea on Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium (NPK) Concentrations in Soil and Cucumber Plants (Cucumis sativus)
Authors: Al-Rawi Z H D , Alkobaisy J S 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
An experiment was carried out inside a greenhouse (sandy loam soil) at the College of Agriculture / University of Anbar to investigate the effect of Vesicular-Arbuscular Mycorrhizaee, Azotobacterchroococcum and Vermicompost tea on the concentration of NPK macronutrients in soil and cucumber plants. A factorial experiment consisting of two factors was designed for this purpose: the first factor is a combination of mycorrhizae (M) with 35 g plant−1, azotobacter (A) bacteria 16 ml plant−1 with a microbial density of 2.2 x 109 cfu ml−1 and phosphate Rock (R) with 40 g plant−1, added with half of the mineral fertilizer recommendation each individually with its interactions, the second factor is the addition of three concentrations (0, 5, 10%) of vermicompost tea sprayed on the plant. The experiment was designed with a completely randomized block design (RCBD) with three replications. Cucumber seeds were planted on 15/9/2022 and service operations were conducted for the crop and the experiment continued until 15/12/2022. The result showed highest percentage of phosphorus in the leaves (PIL) (0.40%), the highest potassium in the leaves (KL) (1.95%), followed by the treatment of adding mycorrhizae with phosphate Rock and half the mineral recommendation (MR) with vermicompost tea at a concentration of 10%, then the treatment of adding mycorrhizae with azotobacter bacteria with half the mineral recommendation (AR) with 10% of vermicompost tea, then the treatment of mycorrhizae with phosphate Rock plus half the fertilizer recommendation (MR) with 10% of vermicompost tea, then the treatment of mycorrhizae with azotobacter plus half of the fertilizer recommendation (MA) with 10% of vermicombe tea.
Effect of Mushroom Residues, Date Residues and Bacterial Inoculum (A. Chroococcum, P. Putida) on the Growth and Yield of Broccoli.
Authors: Al-Obidiy J A , Alkobaisy J S , Mohammed H J 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
An experiment was conducted in sandy clay loam textured soil at the research station of the College of Agriculture / University of Anbar to find out the effect of adding white Spent mushroom residues Agaricus bisporus, date residues and bacterial inoculum on the growth and yield of broccoli. A three-level factorial experiment was designed for this purpose: the first is white mushroom residues with three levels [0, 10, and 20 tons ha−1] and symbolized by symbols [M0, M1, and M2], and the second date residues with three levels [0, 10 and 20 tons.ha−1] and symbolized by symbols [D0, D1, and D2] and the third factor is bacterial inoculum [Azotobacter chroococcum+Pseudomonas putida] which included two levels; No addition [B0] and inoculum addition [B1], added with all the mentioned treatments half of the fertilizer recommendation. The experiment was designed with a randomized completely blocks design [RCBD] and three replications. The results showed that the triple interaction of the treatments at the highest levels [B1D2M2] gave the best results and significantly for Plant height [PHA], Leaf Area [LA], number of leaves [NOL], number of secondary heads [NOSH], weight of the main flower disc [NOMF] and diameter of the main flower disc [DOMFD] ]75.30 cm, 1182.70 cm2 plant−1, 70.22 leaf−1, 13.53 plant heads−1, 1515.50 g and 26.49 cm] respectively. The control treatment with no residues and no bacterial inoculum [B0D0M0] was added reveal the lowest rates for all the mentioned properties.
Evaluation of Biofertilizers Prepared from Local Bacterial Isolates in the Growth and Yield of Cowpea in Gypsiferous Soil
Authors: Abd F K , Alkurtany A E S 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
For clean and sustainable agriculture based on natural, non-chemical products, a field experiment was conducted during the agricultural season 2021-2022 on the cowpea plant in Salah Al-Din Governorate to evaluate the effect of six biofertilizers prepared from local bacterial isolates, which included: Bradyrhizobium manausense, Bradyrhizobium vignae, Rhizobium sp., Enterobacter cloaca, Enterobacter ludwigii, Bacillus cereus, in the growth and yield of cowpea in gypsiferous soil. The results showed that all inoculated treatments were significantly superior to the control treatment in all growth and yield traits of cowpea plant, it also appeared that a significant superiority of Brad. manausense biofertilizer followed by Brady. vignae in all plant traits: root nodules number, weight of root nodules, plant height, dry weight of plant, early yield of pods, concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus in plant as it recorded 53 nodule plant−1, 2.01 g nodule−1, 58.42 cm, 63.83g plant−1, 3658 g plant−1, 4.12 N %, 0.49 P % respectively, compared to the control treatment which recorded 0 nodule plant−1, 0 g nodule−1, 27.1 cm, 15.32g plant−1 950 g plant−1, 1.34 N %, 0.13 P % respectively, and the results showed that the treatments with Rhizobium sp., Enterobacter cloaca, Enterobacter ludwigii, Bacillus cereus biofertizers did not record any formation of root nodules, also the results indicated that the treatment inoculated with the inoculum prepared from Enterobacter cloaca bacteria was superior to Rhizobium sp, Bacillus cereus, Enterobacter ludwigii treatments in plant height, shoot dry weight and pod yield of cowpea plant.
Effect of Spraying Humic Acid and Different Types of Zinc Fertilizer on Some Growth and Yield Traits of Wheat
Authors: Sallume M O , Mahdi L E , Alani A R , Farhan K J , Al-Dulaim K H 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
A plastic pot experiment was carried out for the agricultural season 2021-2022 in the fields of the College of Agriculture-University of Anbar and located at 30° north latitude and 43° east longitude, in order to know the role of foliar spraying of wheat plants with humic acid at concentrations of 0 mg.L−1 (H0), 0.75 g.L−1 (H1) and 1.5 g.L−1(H2) and the added zinc element sprayed with concentrations: 0 mg.L-1 (Zn0), 60 mg.L−1 in the form of nano-zinc oxide (Zn1) and 120 mg.L−1 in the form of traditional zinc oxide fertilizer (Zn2). A factorial experiment was designed according to the sectors Randomized complete set (R.C.B.D) with three replications The results of the statistical analysis showed that there was a significant increase in foliar spraying with humic acid and for all concentrations, with superiority for the highest concentration, as well as when feeding with nano particles and traditional zinc, with a clear superiority of nano particle zinc in all the studied characteristics: Plant hight, leaf area, spike length, seeds yield, and zinc concentration in seeds:(61.67 cm, 24.51 dm2 plant−1, 12.33 cm, 8.05 gm, pot−1, 14.00 mg kg−1) compared to control treatment H0Zn0 :(46.00 cm, 16.13 dm, plant−1, 8.67 cm, 6.28 gm−1, 7.80 mg kg−1) respectively Start your abstract here…
Response of Three Garlic Allium Sativum L. Genotypes to Potassium Fertilization Levels
Authors: Zail S A , Al. Abdaly M M 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
A field experiment was carried out at the Agricultural Research Station of the College of Agriculture, the University of Anbar for the season (2021-2022) in order to study the effect of different levels of potassium fertilization on the growth, yield and quality of bulbs for three garlic genotypes. The experiment included the use of four levels of potassium fertilization (0, 150, 200, 250) kg/ha, respectively, it was added to three garlic genotypes (local, Chinese, and Egyptian). The study was carried out as a factorial experiment in a randomized complete block design (R.C.B.D) with three replicates. The results showed that the local cultivar was immunologically superior in vegetative growth characteristics (plant height, leaf area) and reached 100.44 cm and 7.08 cm2 compared to the lowest plant height achieved by plants of the Egyptian cultivar, which amounted to 55.17 cm and the lowest leaf area achieved by the Chinese cultivar plant, which reached 6.96 dm2. The local cultivar and the level of fertilization 250 kg / ha also excelled in the yield trait, as it achieved the highest weight of heads, the highest number of cloves and the highest yield per unit area 91.93 g per clove, 36.24 clove per plant, 36.24 ton / ha compared to the lowest amount achieved by plants of the Chinese cultivar without fertilizing.
Effect of Adding with Organic Nutrient (Complex-Groop) and Spraying with Kinetin on Some Characteristics of Vegetative Growth and Yield of Pomegranate Trees Punica granatum L. Cv. Salimi
Authors: Al-Doori M F , Hussein S A 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The study was conducted in a private orchard in Owainat region in Tikrit city of Salah al-Din Governorate - Iraq, during the growing season 2022. To study the effect of adding the organic nutrient Complex-Groop at three concentrations (0, 125, 250) g Tree−1 in two batches, the first on 2/15 and the second on 5/15 – 2022, and spraying with growth regulator of Kinetin at three concentrations (0, 75, 150) ml L−1 with three sprays during the growing season, where the first spray was on 3/15, the second on 4/15, and the third on 5/15 on some characteristics of vegetative growth and yield of Pomegranate trees Salimi cultivar. The experiment was carried out according to the randomized complete block design as a factorial experiment with three replications and two trees for each experimental unit. The results were summarized as follows: The addition of the organic nutrient Complex-Groop at two concentrations of 125 and 250 g Tree−1 resulted in a significant increase in leaf area and chlorophyll content. The interaction between the levels of the organic nutrient and the growth regulator Kinetin significantly affected all the studied traits.
Effect of adding Melatonin and Biochar on some Growth Characteristics of Ocimum Basilicum L. CV. Cinnamon
Authors: Alfahdawi H E , Khaleefa H G , Almehemdi A F 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The study was carried out in one of the fields of the Department of Horticulture and Landscaping at the College of Agriculture / University of Anbar for the growing season 2022 from 31/3 to 1/11 at the geographical location longitude 33.4274 N and latitude 43.3331 east. To study the effect of four levels of melatonin (0, 25, 50, and 75) mmol and four levels of Biochar (0, 250, 500, and 750) gm pot−1, respectively. The experiment was carried out according to a randomized complete block design with three replications. The results showed that melatonin outperformed at the level of 75 mmol in plant height (48.03 cm), stem diameter (5.04 mm), number of branches (5.25 branches plant−1), leaf area (10.56 cm2 leaf−1), number of leaves (129.70 leaf plant−1) and fresh leaves weight. (159.68 gm), the dry weight of the leaf (17.13 gm), and the percentage of dry matter (10.65%). It can conclude that spraying aromatic basil plants with melatonin and adding biochar has improved the growth stimulation of this medicinal crop effectively. Therefore, these materials can be used to stimulate the growth of this crop or other crops.
Effect of 2,4-D and NAA in Callus Induction and Differentiation from Different Explants of Moringa Oleifera Lam
Authors: Al-Hamidi A O A , Al-Hadedy S H A , Bashi A Z A K 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This study was carry out in the Laboratory of Plant Cells and Tissue Culture / Department of Forestry Sciences in the College of Agriculture and Forestry / University of Mosul during the year 2021-2022 to study the effect of adding different concentrations of 2,4-Dichloro-Phenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) or Naphthalene Acetic Acid (NAA) to the MS medium in the induction of callus from different parts of the Moringa oleifera Lam. and then study the effect of different concentrations of 6-Benzyladenine (BA) and Kinetin (Kin) on the differentiation of callus into buds and embryogenesis. Concerning callus induction, the results showed that 2,4-D or NAA in the nutrient medium was necessary after three weeks of cultivation 2,4-D was superior to NAA in the percentage of callus induction, as callus induction occurred by 100% of the explants cultured in the media supplemented with 0.1 mg.l−1 2,4-D. On the other hand, the parts (apical buds, single node, parts of the leaf blade, epicotyl, cotyledon, hypocotyl) differed significantly among themselves in the percentage of their ability on callus induction, as the cotyledons gave the highest rate of induction, amounting to 80%. The shoots resulting from the callus rooted after four weeks of cultivation in media supplemented with different concentrations of IBA at a rate of 100%, regardless of the concentration of IBA. The study proved the existence of a genetic match between the mother plants and the plants produced from the callus induction from them.