bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) in children and adolescents—Clinicopathological findings
Authors: Nevejan Louis , Labarque Veerle , Boeckx Nancy 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundBarely two per million Belgian children/adolescents are diagnosed with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) annually. In this retrospective study, we aimed to investigate the diagnostic features, clinical and laboratory characteristics, and treatment outcome of this rare entity.MethodsMedical records of all pediatric CML patients (age ≤ 17 years) diagnosed at the University Hospitals Leuven between 1986 and 2021 were reviewed.ResultsFourteen patients (median age at diagnosis 12.5 years) were included, all presenting in chronic phase. Five patients were diagnosed before 2003; main therapy included hydroxyurea (n = 5/5), interferon‐alfa (n = 3/5) and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo‐Tx) (n = 3/5). Complete hematologic response (CHR), complete cytogenetic response (CCyR) and major molecular response (MMR) was reached in resp. 4/5, 4/5 and in 2/3 of evaluable patients. Three patients progressed to accelerated/blast phase (median time 19 months) and 1/5 is alive and disease‐free at last follow‐up. Nine patients were diagnosed after 2003 and were treated with first generation (1°G) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI): 3/9 subsequently underwent an allo‐Tx, 4/9 were switched to 2°G TKI, one patient was additionally switched to 3°G TKI. CHR, CCyR and MMR was reached in 9/9, 9/9 and 8/9 of these patients. No progression to accelerated/blast phase was observed and none of these patients deceased. At last follow‐up, 7/9 patients were in MMR or disease free, the two remaining patients did not reach or lost MMR, both related to compliance issues.ConclusionOur study confirmed that TKI significantly improved the prognosis of pediatric CML. However, drug compliance poses a considerable challenge.
Effect of theanine on the hyperexcitability of trigeminal secondary nociceptive neurons following orofacial inflammation in rats
Authors: Watanuki Yui , Yajima Sora , Sashide Yukito , Takeda Mamoru 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe present in vivo study investigated whether systemic administration of theanine attenuates the inflammation‐induced hyperexcitability of trigeminal spinal nucleus caudalis (SpVc) neurons associated with hyperalgesia. Complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) was injected into the whisker pads of 24 rats to induce inflammation, and then mechanical stimulation was applied to the orofacial area to assess the threshold of escape. The mechanical threshold was statistically significantly lower in CFA‐inflamed rats compared to uninjected naïve rats, and this lowered threshold returned to control levels after 2 days of theanine administration. The mean discharge frequency of SpVc wide‐dynamic range (WDR) neurons to mechanical stimuli in anesthetized CFA‐inflamed rats was statistically significantly lower after two days of theanine administration. In addition, the increased mean spontaneous discharge of SpVc WDR neurons in CFA‐inflamed rats statistically significantly decreased after theanine administration. Similarly, theanine restored the expanded mean receptive field size in CFA‐inflamed rats to control levels. Taken together, these results suggest that administration of theanine attenuates inflammatory hyperalgesia associated with hyperexcitability of nociceptive SpVc WDR neurons. These findings support the potential of theanine as a therapeutic agent in complementary alternative medicine strategies to prevent inflammatory hyperalgesia.
Interaction of interictal epileptiform activity with sleep spindles is associated with cognitive deficits and adverse surgical outcome in pediatric focal epilepsy
Authors: Yu Han , Kim Woojoong , Park David K. , Phi Ji Hoon , Lim Byung Chan , Chae Jong‐Hee , Kim Seung‐Ki , Kim Ki Joong , Provenzano Frank A. , Khodagholy Dion , Gelinas Jennifer N. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjectiveTemporal coordination between oscillations enables intercortical communication and is implicated in cognition. Focal epileptic activity can affect distributed neural networks and interfere with these interactions. Refractory pediatric epilepsies are often accompanied by substantial cognitive comorbidity, but mechanisms and predictors remain mostly unknown. Here, we investigate oscillatory coupling across large‐scale networks in the developing brain.MethodsWe analyzed large‐scale intracranial electroencephalographic recordings in children with medically refractory epilepsy undergoing presurgical workup (n = 25, aged 3–21 years). Interictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs), pathologic high‐frequency oscillations (HFOs), and sleep spindles were detected. Spatiotemporal metrics of oscillatory coupling were determined and correlated with age, cognitive function, and postsurgical outcome.ResultsChildren with epilepsy demonstrated significant temporal coupling of both IEDs and HFOs to sleep spindles in discrete brain regions. HFOs were associated with stronger coupling patterns than IEDs. These interactions involved tissue beyond the clinically identified epileptogenic zone and were ubiquitous across cortical regions. Increased spatial extent of coupling was most prominent in older children. Poor neurocognitive function was significantly correlated with high IED–spindle coupling strength and spatial extent; children with strong pathologic interactions additionally had decreased likelihood of postoperative seizure freedom.SignificanceOur findings identify pathologic large‐scale oscillatory coupling patterns in the immature brain. These results suggest that such intercortical interactions could predict risk for adverse neurocognitive and surgical outcomes, with the potential to serve as novel therapeutic targets to restore physiologic development.
Diagnostic approaches, aetiological agents and their associations with short‐term survival and laminitis in horses with acute diarrhoea admitted to referral institutions
Authors: Gomez Diego E. , Arroyo Luis G. , Schoster Angelika , Renaud David L. , Kopper Jamie J. , Dunkel Bettina , Byrne David ,   The MEDS group, Toribio Ramiro E. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundAn international description of the diagnostic approaches used in different institutions to diagnose acute equine diarrhoea and the pathogens detected is lacking.ObjectivesTo describe the diagnostic approach, aetiological agents, outcome, and development of laminitis for diarrhoeic horses worldwide.Study designMulticentre retrospective case series.MethodsInformation from horses with acute diarrhoea presenting to participating institutions between 2016 and 2020, including diagnostic approaches, pathogens detected and their associations with outcomes, were compared between institutions or geographic regions.ResultsOne thousand four hundred and thirty‐eight horses from 26 participating institutions from 4 continents were included. Overall, aetiological testing was limited (44% for Salmonella spp., 42% for Neorickettsia risticii [only North America], 40% for Clostridiodes difficile, and 29% for ECoV); however, 13% (81/633) of horses tested positive for Salmonella, 13% (35/262) for N. risticii, 9% (37/422) for ECoV, and 5% (27/578) for C. difficile. C. difficile positive cases had greater odds of non‐survival than horses negative for C. difficile (OR: 2.69, 95%CI: 1.23–5.91). In addition, horses that were positive for N. risticii had greater odds of developing laminitis than negative horses (OR: 2.76, 95%CI: 1.12–6.81; p = 0.029).Main limitationsDue to the study's retrospective nature, there are missing data.ConclusionsThis study highlighted limited diagnostic investigations in cases of acute equine diarrhoea. Detection rates of pathogens are similar to previous reports. Non‐survival and development of laminitis are related to certain detected pathogens.
In vitro stability study of 10 beta‐lactam antibiotics in human plasma samples
Authors: Brenkman Matthieu , Cartau Tom , Pape Elise , Kolodziej Allan , Charmillon Alexandre , Novy Emmanuel , Jouzeau Jean‐Yves , Gambier Nicolas , Scala‐Bertola Julien 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesBeta‐lactam antibiotics are reported for some of them to be subject to a rapid degradation in infusion solutions and in human blood samples. However, the current data of stability available in blood samples are limited to a few number of beta‐lactam antibiotics, and the methodology of the corresponding studies may be discussed. The objective of the present study is to evaluate the stability of 10 beta‐lactam antibiotics in human plasma samples.MethodsStability of amoxicillin, cefazolin, cefepime, cefotaxime, cefoxitin, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, imipenem, meropenem, and piperacillin was evaluated at low and high concentrations at 20°C, 4°C, −20°C, and −80°C for 1, 7, 60, and 90 days, respectively.ResultsAmoxicillin, cefepime, meropenem, and piperacillin were the least stable antibiotics. The maximum durations allowing the stability for all the evaluated beta‐lactams at both tested concentrations were estimated at 3 h, 23 h, 10 days, and 35 days at 20°C, 4°C, −20°C, and −80°C, respectively.ConclusionWe recommend to transport antibiotic plasma samples in ice at 4°C and even at −20°C if these samples come from external hospitals. Ideally, plasma samples should be stored at −80°C if possible; if not, the analysis of the samples should be performed as soon as possible in the limit of 10 days after a storage at −20°C.
An exploratory study of drug concentration and inhibitory effect of cetylpyridinium chloride buccal tablets on SARS‐CoV‐2 infection among 10 Chinese subjects
Authors: Li Yanting , Xie Zhenwei , Chen Liming , Liu Xiangxing , Li Shuang , Ye Shichun , Tang Hongyan , Lee Chongyou , Gu Qun , Men Fang , Zhang Jiaojiao , Hu Dingyuan , Jiang Yuanli , Wang Xiaochun , Wang Qian , Feng Yufei , Niu Suping , Liu Yan , Fang Yi 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundIt was evidenced that cetylpyridinium‐chloride (CPC) mouthwash could inhibit SARS‐COV‐2 activity and reduce salivary viral load, thus reducing SARS‐CoV‐2 transmission. However, due to insufficient residence time in the oral cavity, CPC‐containing mouthwashes have no prolonged antiviral effect. The duration of action of the CPC buccal tablet is expected to be longer than that of the mouthwash. However, there are currently no reports on the salivary drug concentration of CPC buccal tablets.ObjectiveThe study aimed to investigate the salivary drug concentration of CPC buccal tablets and the antiviral effect of CPC on SARS‐CoV‐2 in vitro.Trial designThis is a single‐dose, single‐arm clinical trial, involving 10 Chinese healthy subjects who received 2‐mg CPC buccal tablet to collect saliva samples and to detect saliva concentration at different timepoints within 2 h (Clinical Trial Registration Number: NCT05802628, Registration Date: April 6, 2023).Materials and methodsCPC concentration in saliva was detected by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS), and pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated based on the non‐compartmental model. With an in vitro antiviral experiment, the activity of CPC buccal tablets against SARS‐CoV‐2 and its cellular toxicity was tested.ResultsDrug concentrations in saliva at 15 min, 30 min, 1 h, 1.5 h, and 2 h after administration were 8008.33 (1042.25, 41081.11), 2093.34 (373.15, 5759.83), 1016.58 (378.66, 3480.68), 891.77 (375.66, 6322.07), and 717.43 (197.87, 2152.71) ng/mL. PK parameters of saliva concentration: Cmax = 8008.33 (1042.25, 41081.11) ng/mL, AUC0‐t = 4172.37 (904.42, 13912.61) ng/mL * h, AUC0‐∞ = 6712.85 (1856.77, 19971.12) ng/mL * h, T1/2 = 1.22 (0.59, 2.83) h, Tmax = 0.25 (0.25, 0.25) h. As determined in in vitro experiment, CPC was active on SARS‐CoV‐2 with cytotoxic and inhibitory activity of CC50 = 35.75 μM (≈12155 ng/mL) and EC50 = 7.39 μM (≈2512.6 ng/mL).ConclusionsThe comparison between the salivary CPC concentration and EC50/CC50 values from in vitro antiviral experiments suggests that CPC buccal tablets may inhibit SARS‐CoV‐2 activity, and the inhibition may last for approximately 30 min without cytotoxicity.
Under the spotlight: The peer standard in CSR and the role of public attention
Authors: Nishi Hirofumi , Peabody S. Drew 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAs sustainability takes center stage in business strategies, firms lagging behind their peers on environmental initiatives are strongly motivated to bridge the gap. Analyzing the U.S. sectors primarily responsible for CO2 emissions, we show that environmentally lagging firms increase the efforts to reduce emissions and adopt eco‐friendly materials in the subsequent year. Interestingly, this phenomenon becomes significantly more pronounced among companies exposed to higher levels of consumer interest as measured by Google search volumes. Our finding suggests that lagging firms under greater public scrutiny recognize the need to address their sustainability deficiencies to maintain competitiveness and corporate reputation.
Congruence of water column, contemporary and pre‐industrial sediment cladoceran assemblages in 85 Canadian lakes of contrasting human impact levels
Authors: Paquette Cindy , Gregory‐Eaves Irene , Beisner Beatrix E. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Crustacean zooplankton occupy a key position as primary consumers within lake food webs, acting as early indicators of wider ecosystem shifts that can cascade to higher trophic levels. Their communities can be assessed via water column net hauls or via sediment samples containing preserved subfossil remnants from various time periods; the latter probably integrate multiple years of data, habitats within lakes, and seasonal patterns. The degree to which such samples do or do not correspond has never been assessed across a wide variety of lake types and gradients.

As part of a larger sampling of over 600 lakes across lake‐rich Canada, 85 lakes were selected along a gradient of human impact, according to contemporary catchment land use, to analyse cladoceran zooplankton assemblage relatedness among snapshot water column, contemporary and pre‐industrial sediment samples.

We used a combination of ordinations and matrix correlations (RV coefficients), along with partial redundancy analyses, to determine the degree to which the different sample types were comparable and whether they responded similarly to >30 environmental variables. We also compared conclusions obtained using the full cladoceran assemblages versus pelagic‐only taxa and whether our results varied according to degree of human impact.

Overall, while all sample types were correlated, congruence was highest between contemporary and pre‐industrial sediment sample types. This result could arise from the under‐representation of littoral taxa in water column samples relative to those from the sediment. In high impacted catchments, however, we observed greater similarity between water column and contemporary sediment samples, as water quality stressors potentially structure assemblages in parallel directions over time. In these modern‐day sample types and among measured variables, we identified lake depth and pH as the most important structuring variables across Canada.

In this first study comparing cladoceran assemblages in water column, contemporary and pre‐industrial sediments across many lakes, we conclude that water column and sediment samples respond similarly to environmental drivers but should not be considered entirely analogous or redundant.
Hypoxia stabilizes the H2O2‐producing oxidase Nox4 in cardiomyocytes via suppressing autophagy‐related lysosomal degradation
Authors: Matsunaga Shogo , Kohda Akira , Kamakura Sachiko , Hayase Junya , Miyano Kei , Shiose Akira , Sumimoto Hideki 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)‐producing NADPH oxidase Nox4, forming a heterodimer with p22phox, is expressed in a variety of cells including those in the heart to mediate adaptive responses to cellular stresses such as hypoxia. Since Nox4 is constitutively active, H2O2 production is controlled by its protein abundance. Hypoxia‐induced Nox4 expression is observed in various types of cells and generally thought to be regulated at the transcriptional level. Here we show that hypoxia upregulates the Nox4 protein level and Nox4‐catalyzed H2O2 production without increasing the Nox4 mRNA in rat H9c2 cardiomyocytes. In these cells, the Nox4 protein is stabilized under hypoxic conditions in a manner dependent on the presence of p22phox. Cell treatment with the proteasome inhibitor MG132 results in a marked decrease of the Nox4 protein under both normoxic and hypoxic conditions, indicating that the proteasome pathway does not play a major role in Nox4 degradation. The decrease is partially restored by the autophagy inhibitor 3‐methyladenine. Furthermore, the Nox4 protein level is upregulated by the lysosome inhibitors bafilomycin A1 and chloroquine. Thus, in cardiomyocytes, Nox4 appears to be degraded via an autophagy‐related pathway, and its suppression by hypoxia likely stabilizes Nox4, leading to upregulation of Nox4‐catalyzed H2O2 production.
Health‐related quality of life and physical activity in Nordic patients with moderate haemophilia A and B (the MoHem study)
Authors: Måseide Ragnhild J. , Berntorp Erik , Astermark Jan , Olsson Anna , Bruzelius Maria , Frisk Tony , Nummi Vuokko , Lassila Riitta , Tjønnfjord Geir E. , Holme Pål A. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIntroductionThe impact of moderate haemophilia on health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) and physical activity (PA) is not well known. In previous studies, persons with factor VIII/factor IX activity (FVIII/FIX:C) below 3 IU/dL were associated with a more severe bleeding phenotype than predicted.AimTo explore HRQoL and PA in patients with moderate haemophilia A (MHA) and B (MHB).MethodsA cross‐sectional, multicentre study covering patients with MHA and MHB in Sweden, Finland, and Norway. HRQoL was assessed with the EuroQoL 5‐Dimensions (EQ‐5D) form and PA with the International Physical Activity Questionnaire among participants aged ≥15 years.ResultsWe report on 104 patients aged 15–84 years from the MoHem study. Overall, EQ‐5D utility was .85 (median) (Q1–Q3 0.73–1.0) with corresponding visual analogue scale (VAS) 80 (70–90), which were similar regardless of treatment modality, FVIII/FIX:C, and MHA or MHB. Pain and mobility were most frequently affected dimensions. Utility (r = ‐.54), VAS (r = ‐.42), and PA (r = ‐.32) correlated negatively with arthropathy (HJHS). Only patients aged 41–50 years displayed lower utility (p = .02) and VAS (p < .01) than the Norwegian population norm. Patients on prophylaxis aged 35–54 years reported higher PA than those treated on‐demand (p = .01).ConclusionHaemophilic arthropathy had negative impact on HRQoL and PA in Nordic patients with moderate haemophilia. Middle‐aged patients captured lower utility and VAS than observed in the general population. Tailored prophylaxis and improved joint health may influence positively on HRQoL and PA also in moderate haemophilia.
Cost‐effectiveness analysis of adult living‐donor liver transplantation in Japan
Authors: Tajima Tetsuya , Shin Jung‐Ho , Kunisawa Susumu , Sasaki Noriko , Hata Koichiro , Fushimi Kiyohide , Hatano Etsuro , Imanaka Yuichi 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAimLiving‐donor liver transplantation (LDLT) is a highly effective life‐saving procedure; however, it requires substantial medical resources, and the cost‐effectiveness of LDLT versus conservative management (CM) for adult patients with end‐stage liver disease (ESLD) remains unclear in Japan.MethodsWe performed a cost‐effectiveness analysis using the Diagnostic Procedure Combination (DPC) data from the nationwide database of the DPC research group. We selected adult patients (18 years or older) who were admitted or discharged between 2010 and 2021 with a diagnosis of ESLD with Child–Pugh class C or B. A decision tree and Markov model were constructed, and all event probabilities were computed in 3‐month cycles over a 10‐year period. The willingness‐to‐pay per quality‐adjusted life‐year (QALY) was set at 5 million Japanese yen (JPY) (49,801 US dollars [USD]) from the perspective of the public health‐care payer.ResultsAfter propensity score matching, we identified 1297 and 111,849 patients in the LDLT and CM groups, respectively. The incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio for LDLT versus CM for Child–Pugh classes C and B was 2.08 million JPY/QALY (20,708 USD/QALY) and 5.24 million JPY/QALY (52,153 USD/QALY), respectively. The cost‐effectiveness acceptability curves showed the probabilities of being below the willingness‐to‐pay of 49,801 USD/QALY as 95.4% in class C and 48.5% in class B. Tornado diagrams revealed all variables in class C were below 49,801 USD/QALY while their ranges included or exceeded 49,801 USD/QALY in class B.ConclusionsLiving‐donor liver transplantation for adult patients with Child–Pugh class C was cost‐effective compared with CM, whereas LDLT versus CM for class B patients was not cost‐effective in Japan.
Adolescents, parents, and providers' experiences of triadic encounters in paediatric diabetes clinics: A qualitative study
Authors: Coyne Imelda , Pembroke Sinead , Sleath Betsy , Brenner Maria , Roche Edna F. , Hilliard Carol , Cody Declan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIntroductionAdolescents with Type 1 diabetes are a cohort whose self‐management of their diabetes care often declines during adolescence which can lead to adverse health outcomes. Research indicates that providers find it challenging to engage adolescents in communication exchanges during triadic encounters in diabetes clinics. Our study aimed to explore adolescents, parents, and providers' experiences of clinic encounters.MethodsA qualitative study was conducted with a convenience sample of 13 adolescents with Type 1 diabetes (aged 11–17), 14 parents, and seven providers. Participants were recruited from two outpatient diabetes clinics in two urban children's hospitals, Ireland. Data were obtained using a combination of interviews and focus groups. Data were analysed thematically.ResultsAdolescents and their parents appeared to hold both positive and negative experiences of diabetes clinic encounters. Providers reported challenges associated with engaging adolescents in communication exchanges. The structure, focus and style of clinic encounters created barriers that potentially led to suboptimal adolescent participation and impaired provider–adolescent communication during clinic visits.ConclusionsThe findings provide insights into the challenges associated with adolescents' engagement in communication encounters in diabetes clinics. Healthcare providers could encourage adolescents to be more actively involved in their diabetes management, by taking an adolescent‐centred approach and creating a nonjudgemental milieu. Focusing on adolescent's agenda could lead to more meaningful and relevant discussions between providers and adolescents and ensure more tailored education in the time available. Adolescence is a risky period for nonadherence and adverse health complications; therefore, it is critical that providers make every contact count in diabetes clinic encounters.Patient or Public InvolvementThe study's design and delivery were guided by two advisory groups, comprising (1) five adolescents living with Type 1 diabetes (T1D) and (2) five parents of an adolescent with T1D.