bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
2024 Anal Cancer Screening Guidelines: Analysis of Clinical Performance and Use of High-Resolution Anoscopy in a Large Cohort of Persons With Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Authors: Gaisa Michael , Deshmukh Ashish , Sigel Keith , Liu Yuxin 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Recently published anal cancer screening guidelines recommend 5 strategies for high-risk populations using combinations of cytology and high-risk human papillomavirus testing. Based on data from 1223 persons with human immunodeficiency virus, all triage and cotesting strategies outperformed cytology alone. High-risk human papillomavirus testing improved specificity and reduced high-resolution anoscopy referrals, essential for guideline implementation.
The first comparative analysis of open and robotic tracheobronchoplasty for excessive Central airway collapse
Authors: Cho Jae M , Carpenter Sandra L , Mathew Fleming , Heidel Justin S , Kent Michael , Gangadharan Sidhu P , Wilson Jennifer L 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Tracheobronchoplasty is an operation to treat excessive central airway collapse by stabilizing the posterior tracheal membrane. In 2020, our institution transitioned from the traditional open approach to the robotic-assisted tracheobronchoplasty in select patients. This retrospective cohort study compares postoperative complications and short-term outcomes for patients undergoing open versus robotic tracheobronchoplasty at a high-volume complex airway center.

METHODS
A retrospective review of all patients who underwent open tracheobronchoplasty (2018–2020) and robotic tracheobronchoplasty (2020–2023) was conducted.

RESULTS
During the study period, 43 and 69 patients underwent robotic and open tracheobronchoplasty, respectively. Robotic tracheobronchoplasty had longer median operative times than open (8.4 vs 6.2 hours; p = &lt;0.01). Both median ICU length of stay (1.0 vs 3.0 days, p = &lt;0.01) and hospital length of stay (5.0 vs 7.0 days, p = &lt;0.01) were shorter after robotic tracheobronchoplasty. There were no significant differences in major or minor complications, total Clavien-Dindo Score, estimated blood loss, discharge to home, and 30-day readmission. The robotic group had two reoperations during the index hospitalization and three conversions to open. There were no mortalities in either group. Short-term (3-month) functional and quality of life outcomes were equivalent between groups.

CONCLUSIONS
In selected patients with severe and symptomatic excessive central airway collapse, robotic tracheobronchoplasty is a safe and feasible alternative to the traditional open approach. Patients undergoing robotic tracheobronchoplasty have shorter ICU and total hospital stays with equivalent complication rates. As the robotic approach becomes more prevalent, further comparative outcomes are necessary with longer follow-up to ensure durability of the robotic-assisted repair.
Association of menopausal hormone therapy with risk of cardiovascular disease in Korean women
Authors: Yuk Jin-Sung , Kim Gwang Sil , Kim Dong-Gil , Byun Young Sup , Kim Myoung-Hwan , Yoon Sang-Hee , Han Gwan Hee , Kim Byung Gyu 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Objective
To evaluate the association between various regimens and combinations of menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) and the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in clinical practice.

Design
This was a population-based cohort study.

Methods
This population-based cohort study used data from the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service. The data of women who reported entering menopause at ≥40 years of age with no history of CVD in the national health examination between 2011 and 2014 were extracted. A total of 134 298 pairs were included in the MHT and non-MHT groups after 1:1 propensity score matching. The participants were followed until December, 31, 2020.

Results
During a median follow-up of 7.9 (IQR 6.9-8.9) years, the incidences of CVD were 146 per 100 000 person/year and 179 per 100 000 person/year for the non-MHT and MHT groups, respectively. After adjusting for covariates, MHT use was associated with an increased CVD risk (hazard ratio [HR], 1.22 [1.14-1.31]) compared with the non-MHT group; the risk was based on an increased risk of stroke and coronary artery revascularization. Tibolone (HR, 1.38, [1.27-1.50]) was associated with increased CVD, but estrogen alone or combined estrogen/progestogen was not. There was no difference in CVD risk, regardless of the type of estrogen agent used. For combined estrogen/progestogen therapy, dydrogesterone was associated with reduced CVD risk.

Conclusions
There was an increased risk of CVD in MHT users. By regimen, tibolone use was associated with increased risk of CVD, whereas estrogen either alone or in combination with progestogen was not. There was no difference according to the type of estrogen. The type of progestogen seems to modify the results, since dydrogesterone was associated with reduced CVD risk.
The role of systemic inflammation in remnant cholesterol-associated cardiovascular risk: insights from the EPIC-Norfolk study
Authors: Kraaijenhof Jordan M , Kerkvliet Marije J , Nurmohamed Nick S , Grefhorst Aldo , Kroon Jeffrey , Wareham Nicholas J , Hovingh G Kees , Stroes Erik S G , Boekholdt S Matthijs , Reeskamp Laurens F 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Aims
Both plasma levels of remnant cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels are independent risk factors for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. However, only remnant cholesterol has consistently been associated with systemic inflammation. In this study, we aimed to assess the extent to which inflammation mediates the effect of remnant and LDL cholesterol on (non)fatal major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), comprising of coronary artery disease and ischaemic stroke.

Methods and results
This prospective study included 16,445 participants without prior atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease from the EPIC-Norfolk study, with a mean age of 58.8 ± 9.1 years, of which 9,357 (56.9%) were women. Every 1 mmol/L higher remnant cholesterol was associated with 29.5% higher high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) levels [95% Confidence Interval (CI): 22.1, 37.4, P &lt; 0.001], whereas LDL cholesterol was not significantly associated with hsCRP levels in the fully adjusted model. Additionally, each 1 mmol/L higher remnant cholesterol was associated with a hazard ratio (HR) of 1.31 (95% CI: 1.14, 1.50, P &lt; 0.001) for MACE, compared with an HR of 1.21 (95% CI: 1.13, 1.31, P &lt; 0.001) for LDL cholesterol. Mediation analysis showed that hsCRP mediated 5.9% (95% CI: 1.2, 10.6%, P &lt; 0.001) of the effect of remnant cholesterol on MACE, whereas hsCRP did not mediate the effect of LDL cholesterol.

Conclusion
Plasma remnant cholesterol levels are independently associated with systemic inflammation and cardiovascular events. Inflammation, as measured with hsCRP, contributed minorly to the association between remnant cholesterol and MACE. This underscores the need to address both remnant cholesterol and systemic inflammation separately in the clinical management of cardiovascular disease.

Lay summary
This study finds that systemic inflammation does not influence the effect remnant cholesterol has on cardiovascular disease risk, suggesting the importance of addressing both remnant cholesterol and inflammation to manage cardiovascular health.
Towards a widely applicable earthquake detection algorithm for fibreoptic and hybrid fibreoptic-seismometer networks
Authors: Hudson T S , Klaasen S , Fontaine O , Bacon C A , Jónsdóttir K , Fichtner A 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) is a promising technology for providing dense (metre-scale) sampling of the seismic wavefield. However, harnessing this potential for earthquake detection with accurate phase picking and associated localization remains challenging. Single-channel algorithms are limited by individual channel noise, while machine learning and semblance methods are typically imited to specific geological settings, have no physically constrained phase association and/or require specific fibre geometries. Here, we present a method that seeks to detect seismicity for any geological setting, applicable for any fibre geometry, and combining both fibreoptic and conventional seismometer data to maximize the information used for detection and source localization. This method adapts a proven back-migration detection method to also include DAS observations, migrating energy from many receivers back in time to search for localized peaks in energy, corresponding to seismic sources. The strengths of this method are capitalizing on coherency over many channels to enhance detection sensitivity even in high-noise environments compared to single-channel algorithms, applicability to arbitrary fibre geometries, as well as built-in, physics-informed phase association and source localization. We explore the performance of the method using three geologically and geometrically diverse settings: a glacier, a volcanic eruption and a geothermal borehole. Our results evidence the effect of spatial-sampling extent and non-optimal fibreoptic geometries, accounting for P- and S-wave sensitivity, coupling effects and how the sensitivity of native fibreoptic strain measurements to shallow subsurface heterogeneities can affect detection. Finally, we attempt to also present a method-ambivalent overview of key challenges facing fibreoptic earthquake detection and possible avenues of future work to address them.
Artificial intelligence in global health: An unfair future for health in Sub-Saharan Africa?
Authors: Victor Audêncio 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Artificial intelligence (AI) holds transformative potential for global health, particularly in underdeveloped regions like Africa. However, the integration of AI into healthcare systems raises significant concerns regarding equity and fairness. This debate paper explores the challenges and risks associated with implementing AI in healthcare in Africa, focusing on the lack of infrastructure, data quality issues, and inadequate governance frameworks. It also explores the geopolitical and economic dynamics that exacerbate these disparities, including the impact of global competition and weakened international institutions. While highlighting the risks, the paper acknowledges the potential benefits of AI, including improved healthcare access, standardization of care, and enhanced health communication. To ensure equitable outcomes, it advocates for targeted policy measures, including infrastructure investment, capacity building, regulatory frameworks, and international collaboration. This comprehensive approach is essential to mitigate risks, harness the benefits of AI, and promote social justice in global health.
Decomposing the genetic background of chronic back pain
Authors: Elgaeva Elizaveta E , Zorkoltseva Irina V , Nostaeva Arina V , Verzun Dmitrii A , Tiys Evgeny S , Timoshchuk Anna N , Kirichenko Anatoliy V , Svishcheva Gulnara R , Freidin Maxim B , Williams Frances M K , Suri Pradeep , Aulchenko Yurii S , Axenovich Tatiana I , Tsepilov Yakov A 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Chronic back pain (CBP) is a disabling condition with a lifetime prevalence of 40% and a substantial socioeconomic burden. Because of the high heterogeneity of CBP, subphenotyping may help to improve prediction and support personalized treatment of CBP. To investigate CBP subphenotypes, we decomposed its genetic background into a shared one common to other chronic pain conditions (back, neck, hip, knee, stomach, and head pain) and unshared genetic background specific to CBP. We identified and replicated 18 genes with shared impact across different chronic pain conditions and two genes that were specific for CBP. Among people with CBP, we demonstrated that polygenic risk scores accounting for the shared and unshared genetic backgrounds of CBP may underpin different CBP subphenotypes. These subphenotypes are characterized by varying genetic predisposition to diverse medical conditions and interventions such as diabetes mellitus, myocardial infarction, diagnostic endoscopic procedures, and surgery involving muscles, bones, and joints.
Systemic therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma, from the early to the advanced stage: a Japanese perspective
Authors: Ikeda Masafumi , Morizane Chigusa , Ueno Makoto , Okusaka Takuji , Ishii Hiroshi , Furuse Junji 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Systemic therapy has now become mainstream for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and is also changing from molecular-targeted therapy, such as with sorafenib and lenvatinib, to immunotherapy, such as with the atezolizumab plus bevacizumab and durvalumab plus tremelimumab combination regimens. Molecular-targeted therapy is selected as the first-line treatment when immunotherapy is not indicated or as second- or later-line treatment when immunotherapy is ineffective. It is necessary to select the appropriate treatment taking into consideration the expected treatment efficacy and adverse events, as well as the hepatic reserve. Currently, newer agents and combination regimens as first-line/second-line treatment for advanced-stage HCC, combined therapy with transarterial chemoembolization for intermediate-stage HCC, and perioperative adjuvant therapy for curative treatment for early-stage HCC are being developed. Therefore, systemic therapy is now indicated for any stage of the disease. While local therapies were previously used as the main treatment strategy for HCC, systemic therapy in combination with local therapies is being actively attempted at present. Systemic therapy is currently the main focus of development of novel treatments for HCC.
Testosterone replacement therapy in men on active surveillance for prostate cancer
Authors: Applewhite James , McCarter Jacob , Saffati Gal , Kronstedt Shane , Hinojosa-Gonzalez David , La Troy , Diejomaoh Rioke M , Lipshultz Larry I , Khera Mohit 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
While the use of testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) in men undergoing active surveillance (AS) for prostate cancer (PCa) has been historically contraindicated, recent studies have contributed to a paradigm shift to this approach.

Aim
To examine the impact of testosterone on prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels and prostate biopsy progression in men with low testosterone on AS for PCa.

Methods
A retrospective single-center analysis was conducted on men undergoing AS for PCa who subsequently underwent TRT. Men previously treated for PCa were excluded. PSA and testosterone levels were recorded at regular intervals one year before and after the initiation of testosterone. ANOVA was used to analyze variance in PSA and testosterone levels, and paired t-tests and linear regression analysis were performed. Baseline and surveillance biopsies were documented.

Outcomes
The primary outcomes were changes in PSA levels and biopsy progression following initiation of testosterone therapy.

Results
Forty-three men met the inclusion criteria. Median (IQR) testosterone level before testosterone therapy was 272 (221.5–333.5) ng/dL and 578.5 (354.5–846.5) ng/dL after therapy (P &lt; 0.01). No significant variation in mean PSA levels was observed (P = 0.87). Baseline biopsies were available for 27 patients, showing Gleason 3 + 3 = 6 in no more than three cores. Fifteen (55.6%) patients had one or more surveillance biopsies after starting testosterone therapy. Of these, 12 (80.0%) had no disease progression in biopsies over a mean of 44.3 months on testosterone. Three patients (20.0%) had a Gleason score 7 on biopsy after a mean of 79.5 months on testosterone therapy. No patients developed metastatic disease.

Clinical Implications
Testosterone therapy did not result in statistically significant changes in PSA levels in men with low testosterone on AS. Pathology changes were inconclusive, but the available data showed no apparent increase in PCa progression or disease worsening in the cohort.

Strengths and Limitations
The study’s strengths include a longitudinal follow-up design and use of multiple statistical analyses. Limitations include the retrospective design, small sample size which may limit generalizability, and lack of control group.

Conclusion
No significant change in PSA level was observed after initiating testosterone therapy, despite an increase in testosterone levels. Despite limited biopsy data, our findings suggest similar rates of disease progression compared to the general AS population.
Weakest link, prioritized default logic and principles in argumentation
Authors: Pardo Pere , Yu Liuwen , Chen Chen , van der Torre Leendert 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In this article, we study procedural and declarative logics for defaults in modular orders. Brewka’s prioritized default logic (PDL) and structured argumentation based on weakest link are compared to each other in different variants. This comparison takes place within the framework of attack relation assignments and the axioms (principles) recently proposed for them by Dung. To this end, we study which principles are satisfied by weakest link and disjoint weakest link attacks. With the aim of approximating PDL using argumentation, we identify an attack defined from PDL extensions, prove that each such PDL extension is a stable belief set under it and offer a similar principle-based analysis. We also prove an impossibility theorem for Dung’s axioms that covers PDL-inspired attack relation assignments. Finally, a novel variant of PDL with concurrent selection of defaults is also proposed, and compared to these argumentative approaches. In sum, our contributions fill an important gap in the literature created by Dung’s recent methods and open up new research questions on these methods.
BOWIE-ALIGN: JWST reveals hints of planetesimal accretion and complex sulphur chemistry in the atmosphere of the misaligned hot Jupiter WASP-15b
Authors: Kirk James , Ahrer Eva-Maria , Claringbold Alastair B , Zamyatina Maria , Fisher Chloe , McCormack Mason , Panwar Vatsal , Powell Diana , Taylor Jake , Thorngren Daniel P , Christie Duncan A , Esparza-Borges Emma , Tsai Shang-Min , Alderson Lili , Booth Richard A , Fairman Charlotte , López-Morales Mercedes , Mayne N J , Meech Annabella , Mollière Paul , Owen James E , Penzlin Anna B T , Sergeev Denis E , Valentine Daniel , Wakeford Hannah R , Wheatley Peter J 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT
We present a transmission spectrum of the misaligned hot Jupiter WASP-15b from 2.8–5.2 microns observed with JWST’s NIRSpec/G395H grating. Our high signal-to-noise data, which has negligible red noise, reveals significant absorption by H$_2$O ($4.2\sigma$) and CO$_2$ ($8.9\sigma$). From independent data reduction and atmospheric retrieval approaches, we infer that WASP-15b’s atmospheric metallicity is supersolar ($\gtrsim 15\times$ solar) and its carbon-to-oxygen ratio is consistent with solar, that together imply planetesimal accretion. Our general circulation model simulations for WASP-15b suggest that the carbon-to-oxygen ratio we measure at the limb is likely representative of the entire photosphere due to the mostly uniform spatial distribution of ${\text{H}}_{2}{\text{O}}$, ${\text{CO}}_{2}$, and CO. We additionally see evidence for absorption by SO$_2$ and absorption at 4.9 $\mu$m, for which the current leading candidate is OCS (carbonyl sulphide), albeit with several caveats. If confirmed, this would be the first detection of OCS in an exoplanet atmosphere and point towards complex photochemistry of sulphur-bearing species in the upper atmosphere. These are the first observations from the BOWIE-ALIGN survey which is using JWST’s NIRSpec/G395H instrument to compare the atmospheric compositions of aligned/low-obliquity and misaligned/high-obliquity hot Jupiters around F stars above the Kraft break. The goal of our survey is to determine whether the atmospheric composition differs across two populations of planets that have likely undergone different migration histories (disc versus disc-free) as evidenced by their obliquities (aligned versus misaligned).
A recent confirmation of the wide binary gravitational anomaly
Authors: Hernandez X , Kroupa Pavel 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT
Concerning recent published studies exploring the presence or otherwise of a gravitational anomaly at low accelerations in wide binary stars as observed by the Gaia satellite, the paper published by Cookson on the subject last year presents an interesting case. In that study, RMS values of binned relative internal one-dimensional velocities for wide binaries are compared to Newtonian predictions for that quantity, with the author concluding that the data presented show no indication of any inconsistency with Newtonian expectations. However, the comparison presented is critically flawed, as the Newtonian predictions used refer to wide binaries with mean total masses of 2.0 $\mathrm{M}_{\odot }$. This is larger than the 1.56 $\mathrm{M}_{\odot }$ value which applies to the data used in said paper. In this short note, we correct the error mentioned above and show that the data and error bars as given by Cookson are in fact inconsistent with Newtonian expectations. Contrary to the assertion in that study, the data presented there actually show a clear anomaly in the low acceleration gravitational regime, with the overall slope of the velocity-separation scaling being inconsistent with Newtonian expectations at a 3.3$\sigma$ level. Based on the data presented in the paper by Cookson, wide binary systems show a clear Milgromian deviation from Newtonian dynamics.
What do we gain when tolerating loss? The information bottleneck wrings out recombination
Authors: Narechania Apurva , Bobo Dean , DeSalle Rob , Mathema Barun , Kreiswirth Barry , Planet Paul J 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Most microbes have the capacity to acquire genetic material from their environment. Recombination of foreign DNA yields genomes that are, at least in part, incongruent with the vertical history of their species. Dominant approaches for detecting these transfers are phylogenetic, requiring a painstaking series of analyses including alignment and tree reconstruction. But these methods do not scale. Here we propose an unsupervised, alignment-free and tree-free technique based on the sequential information bottleneck (SIB), an optimization procedure designed to extract some portion of relevant information from one random variable conditioned on another. In our case, this joint probability distribution tabulates occurrence counts of k-mers against their genomes of origin with the expectation that recombination will create a strong signal that unifies certain sets of co-occuring k-mers. We conceptualize the technique as a rate-distortion problem, measuring distortion in the relevance information as k-mers are compressed into clusters based on their co-occurrence in the source genomes. The result is fast, model-free, lossy compression of k-mers into learned groups of shared genome sequence, differentiating recombined elements from the vertically inherited core. We show that the technique yields a new recombination measure based purely on information, divorced from any biases and limitations inherent to alignment and phylogeny.