bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Change in Activity of Alumina by Calcination Temperature for Selective Reduction of Nitrogen Monoxide with Ethene in Excess Oxygen
Authors: Okazaki Noriyasu , Okuda Yukie , Yamamoto Yoshitaka , Tada Akio 
Published: September 2003

Abstract
Mostly, the activities for NO+C2H4+O2 and its related reactions decreased with increasing calcination temperature. In NO2+C2H4, N2 was selectively formed over alumina calcined at 800 °C, while over alumina calcined at the other temperatures, not only N2 but also NO was formed. Taking into account the temperature window as well, the most advantageous calcination temperature of alumina is 800 °C as a catalyst for NO+C2H4+O2.
Detection of Zinc(II) Ion by Using Self-Oscillation of the Electrical Potential across the Water-Oil-Water Liquid Membrane
Authors: Yoshidome Toshifumi , Higashi Toshifumi , Mitsushio Masaru , Kamata Satsuo 
Published: September 2003

Abstract
Oscillation of an electrical potential across a water-oil-water liquid membrane was measured in the presence of metal ion in one of the aqueous phases and a ligand in the organic phase, which likely forms a complex with Zn2+. By use of the formation of the complex around the interface, Zn2+ was detected through the measurement of the oscillation mode.
Photodegradation of Malachite Green in the Presence of Fe3+/H2O2 under Visible Irradiation
Authors: Wu Kaique , Zhang Tianyong , Zhao Jincai , Hidaka Hisao 
Published: September 2003

Abstract
The photodegradation of malachite green (MG) in the presence of Fe3+ and H2O2 under visible light irradiation (λ &gt; 450 nm) is reported in comparison with that in the dark. It was found that the visible irradiation can accelerate significantly the Fenton degradation of dyes, which provides possibly a preferable approach for the treatment of dye pollutants in wastewater.
Photochemical Generation of Nitric Oxide from 3,4-Bis-2′-chlorophenylfuroxan
Authors: Hwang Kwang-Jin , Kim Sung Ki , Shim Sang Chul 
Published: September 2003

Abstract
Photolysis of 3,4-bis-2′-chlorophenylfuroxan generated nitric oxide and bis-2-chlorophenylacetylene in 17% yield. This is the first example of the photochemical generation of the nitric oxide from the furoxan.
Two-dimensional Molecular Motions of Guanidinium Ions Confined in the Interlayer Space of Tetrasilicicfluormica
Authors: Yamauchi Miho , Ishimaru Shin’ichi , Ikeda Ryuichi 
Published: September 2003

Abstract
Dynamic behavior of guanidinium ions with the planar structure in the two-dimensional interlayer space of tetrasilicicfluormica was investigated by the solid NMR method. Above 300 K, guanidinium ions were found to perform the two-dimensional self-diffusion with their molecular plane parallel to the clay layers.
From frogs’ legs to pieds-noirs and beyond: some aspects of cochlear implantation
Authors: Graham John M. 
Published: September 2003

The 2002 Graham Fraser Memorial Lecture deals first with the French origins of cochlear implantation in Paris in the 1950s and the role of André Djourno and Charles Eyriès. Following this work in Paris Dr William House in Los Angeles continued work on cochlear implants and, subsequently, experimental implant programmes were started in California, Paris, Vienna and Melbourne.The next section of this lecture covers the experimental work of Galvani in establishing the role of electricity in physiology. The results of his first experiments were published in 1791, the year that Mondini produced the first account of a cochlear malformation in a congenitally deaf child.At around the same time sign language for congenitally deaf children was being developed for the first time in Paris by Epée and the first disputes occurred between oralists and those who promoted signing for the education of congenitally deaf children.In a present day cochlear implant programme good results from implanting congenitally deaf children at an early age and implanting adults who have become profoundly deaf are now taken for granted. We do have much to learn, however, from more complex implant candidates and some examples of such candidates are presented.Lastly, looking to the future, the use of PET scanning to try and gain information about how the brain handles the information provided to it by a cochlear implant is described.
High resolution computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging in the pre-operative assessment of cochlear implant patients
Authors: Gleeson T. G. , Lacy P. D. , Bresnihan M. , Gaffney R. , Brennan P. , Viani L. 
Published: September 2003

Optimal imaging protocols for cochlear implantation have yet to be determined. Pre-operative computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance image (MRI) scans are used to assess cochlear anatomy and patency, to delineate surgical access, and to aid in choice of side for implantation. However, opinion still differs as to which modality provides more information in pre-operative assessment, or if, indeed, a combination of the two is superior.The first 88 patients on the Irish National Cochlear Implant Programme (NCIP) were retrospectively studied to determine the accuracy of pre-operative CT and MRI in predicting abnormalities at the time of surgery. Correlation with surgical findings was determined in three separate groups of patients (those who had CT only, those who had MRI only, and those who had both CT and MRI performed).Of the 24 patients that had both CT and MRI performed, both modalities had a 79 per cent correlation with surgical findings. CT and MRI reports concurred in 75 per cent of cases. Specificity and negative predictive value were high (86 per cent and 90 per cent, respectively). CT alone (47 cases) correlated with surgery in 39 cases (83 per cent); MRI alone (17 cases) correlated in 15 cases (88 per cent).The findings of this study suggest that CT and MRI are effective at predicting normal inner ear anatomy, and thus at predicting the patient and the cochlea most suitable for implantation. Both modalities are useful in determining the side of implantation, thus avoiding potential surgical difficulties in cases of unilateral abnormalities. There was no significant difference between the ability of MRI and CT to detect abnormalities at the time of surgery. In this series the combination of CT and MRI has not been shown to be superior to either modality used alone, although anecdotal evidence to the contrary was noted.
Methodology for studying the effects of topically applied ear drops on otoacoustic emissions in guinea pigs
Authors: Migirov Lela , Himmelfarb Mordechay 
Published: September 2003

Testing of otoacoustic emissions (OAE) has been successfully applied to study outer hair cell function. We used this methodology to evaluate and compare the effect of topically applied normal saline, and gentamicin- and ciprofloxacin-containing drops into the middle ear of guinea pigs. All three solutions similarly decreased the distortion product OAE (DPOAE) and all three caused an inflammatory reaction in the guinea pig’s middle-ear. OAE failed to detect adequately the ototoxicity of topically administered drops in this animal model because the opening of the bulla affected DPOAE, and both inflamed middle-ear mucosa and osteoneogenesis caused a decrease in DPOAE amplitude.This is the first report examining the influence of topically used otic drops on inner ear function as demonstrated by OAE.
Does synchronous nasal surgery increase the risk of post-operative haemorrhage in adult patients undergoing tonsillectomy?
Authors: Murray D. P. , El-Hakim H. , Ahsan F. , Nunez D. A. 
Published: September 2003

Otolaryngologists occasionally perform simultaneous procedures on their patients, the indication being co-existent pathology. This is not a universally accepted practice as some feel that the post-operative morbidity is increased in such patients.Tonsillectomy is a common otolaryngological procedure and the main life-threatening complication, haemorrhage is easily identifiable. This study compares the incidence of post-operative haemorrhage requiring admission in patients undergoing tonsillectomy alone with that in patients undergoing tonsillectomy and nasal surgery.A retrospective study was undertaken of all adult patients undergoing tonsillectomy alone or tonsillectomy and synchronous nasal surgery in Aberdeen Royal Infirmary.Seventy-one patients (34 male) with a mean age of 23 years underwent tonsillectomy and synchronous nasal surgery over a nine-year period 1991–1999. The commonest nasal procedure was reduction of the inferior turbinates (in 48 cases). Three hundred and ninety-eight patients (131 male) with a mean age of 23 years underwent tonsillectomy alone over a nine-month period, July 1998 to April 1999.The incidence of post-tonsillectomy haemorrhage in the synchronous nasal surgery group was 12.7 per cent (9 out of 71) compared with four per cent (16 out of 398) in the tonsillectomy alone group (p <0.01, Chi-squared test). There was no difference in hospital stay between the two groups (mean two days).Synchronous nasal surgery increases the incidence of post-tonsillectomy haemorrhage.
Management of thyroglossal tract disease after failed Sistrunk’s procedure
Authors: Patel N. N. , Hartley B. E. J. , Howard D. J. 
Published: September 2003

Sistrunk’s procedure for thyroglossal duct remnants has a very high success rate, there remains the occasional patient, however, that will have recurrent disease despite a competently performed operation. Applied anatomy and embryology proffer a solution to this problem. Extending the Sistrunk operation, with an anterior wide local excision remaining within normal tissue, enables removal of the entire thyroglossal tract remnant.A retrospective case note review was conducted to study our experience using this extended procedure to treat patients with thyroglossal tract disease that had recurred after a previous Sistrunk’s operation.Six patients aged from five to 33 years were included in the study. There was one recurrence and the complication rate was comparable to the standard operation.It was concluded that a wide local excision is a valuable extension of the Sistrunk operation for the management of recurrent disease.
The Bali STD/AIDS Study: human papillomavirus infection among female sex workers
Authors: Ford Kathleen , Reed Barbara D , Wirawan Dewa Nyoman , Muliawan Partha , Sutarga Made , Gregoire Lucie 
Published: September 2003

Female sex workers in low priced brothel areas in Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia participated in an intervention study designed to promote condom use and sexually transmitted disease (STD)/AIDS prevention. The intervention provided educational sessions for sex workers, STD treatment for sex workers, condom distribution, and media for clients. The brothel areas were divided into high and low areas for programme effort. The high effort areas received a more intensive behavioural intervention than the low effort areas. A clinic was available for STD treatment in both areas. Behavioural surveys and STD testing were used to evaluate the programmes. About 600 were evaluated for several STDs and completed personal interviews at enrolment and at six-month intervals during the 18-month study. About 50% of women were new to the study at each round. Human papillomavirus (HPV) testing of cervical swabbed specimens, using polymerase chain reaction methodology, was performed at the beginning of the study and 18 months later. Human papillomavirus infection was initially high in these women (38.3%) and declined to 29.7% after 18 months ( P <0.01). The prevalence of HPV infection declined with age ( P <0.01). HPV infection was associated with a number of STD symptoms that were reported in personal interviews. These associations were stronger in the first time period. Infection with Neisseria gonorrhoeae was associated with HPV infection at baseline ( P =0.03). HPV infection declined in the study area with the more intensive educational programme ( P <0.01). The prevalence of HPV infection declined over time and was associated with study area and age of woman.
Iridium‐Catalyzed Direct Borylation of Five‐Membered Heteroarenes by Bis(pinacolato)diboron: Regioselective, Stoichiometric, and Room Temperature Reactions
Authors: Ishiyama Tatsuo , Takagi Jun , Yonekawa Yuhei , Hartwig John F. , Miyaura Norio 
Published: September 2003

AbstractAn iridium(I) complex generated from 1/2[Ir(OMe)(COD)]2 and 4,4′‐di‐tert‐butyl‐2,2′‐bipyridine catalyzed the direct borylation of 2‐substituted thiophenes, furans and pyrroles in stoichiometric amounts relative to bis(pinacolato)diboron in hexane at room temperature. The heteroarylboronates from regioselective CH activation at the 5‐position were formed in high yields. Similar borylations of unsubstituted heteroarenes with an equimolar amount of the diboron regioselectively provided 2,5‐bis(boryl)heteroarenes.
C(sp2)‐C(sp) and C(sp)‐C(sp) Coupling Reactions Catalyzed by Oxime‐Derived Palladacycles
Authors: Alonso Diego A. , Nájera Carmen , Pacheco Ma Carmen 
Published: September 2003

AbstractOxime‐derived chloro‐bridged palladacycle 8a, derived from 4,4′‐dichlorobenzophenone, is an efficient pre‐catalyst for the copper‐ and amine‐free Sonogashira coupling between terminal acetylenes and aryl iodides and aryl and vinyl bromides achieving turnover numbers (TON) of up to 72000. Catalyst 8a has also been shown as a effective promoter for the sila‐Sonogashira coupling between 1‐(trimethylsilyl)alkynes and aryl iodides and bromides in the presence of CuI or Bu4NBr as co‐catalysts. This complex also catalyzes efficiently the homocoupling reaction (Glaser‐type coupling) between 1‐alkynes in NMP at room temperature with TONs of up to 1000. All the reactions can be performed under air and employing reagent‐grade chemicals under very low loading conditions, which demonstrates the versatility and high activity of oxime‐derived palladacycles.
Heterogeneous Photooxidation of Alcohols in Water by Photocatalytic Membranes Incorporating Decatungstate
Authors: Bonchio Marcella , Carraro Mauro , Scorrano Gianfranco , Fontananova Enrica , Drioli Enrico 
Published: September 2003

AbstractThe incorporation of decatungstate in polymeric membranes provides new heterogeneous photocatalysts for the oxidation of organic substrates performed in water under an oxygen atmosphere at 25 °C. The photooxidation of water‐soluble alcohols proceeds to completion, forming the carbonyl derivative as an intermediate, and leading to degradation products with a COD loss up to 70%. Solid state characterisation techniques (SEM, IR) together with solution UV‐VIS analysis and kinetic studies allowed us to identify, among diverse polymeric materials, the PDMS‐based system as leaching‐free under irradiation and recyclable up to>300 turnovers (4 runs) with no major loss of activity. Membrane induced discrimination of the substrate results from the oxidations of a series of alcohols, through comparison with the homogeneous reactions.
The Remote Activation of Chemical Bonds via Metal Coordination
Authors: Oh Moonhyun , Yu Kunquan , Li Huazhi , Watson Eric J. , Carpenter Gene B. , Sweigart Dwight A. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractThe activation of chemical bonds to cleavage by mild metal nucleophiles can be achieved by precoordination of a transition metal fragment to a site remote from the bond in question. The following bonds have been activated in this manner by η6‐coordination to an internal arene ring: CC in biphenylene, CS in benzothiophene and dibenzothiophene, CSe in benzoselenophene, CO in benzofuran, and NH in indole.
Theoretical Studies on Diastereo‐ and Enantioselective Rhodium‐Catalyzed Cyclization of Diazo Compound via Intramolecular CH Bond Insertion
Authors: Yoshikai Naohiko , Nakamura Eiichi 
Published: September 2003

AbstractTheoretical studies on the stereoselectivity of the dirhodium tetracarboxylate (carboxamidate)‐catalyzed intramolecular CH insertion reaction, which gives a variety of carbo‐ or heterocyclic compounds, have been performed by the following procedure. First, the CH insertion mechanism of simple systems was studied by the hybrid density functional theory (B3LYP) calculations. On the basis of these B3LYP structures, stereoselectivities of the reactions of realistic substrates were examined by the PM3 calculations with some structural constraints. The origin of the diastereo‐ and enantioselectivities in the four‐ and five‐membered ring formation reactions with an achiral or a chiral Rh catalyst has thus been elucidated.
Genotypes from patients indicate no paternal mitochondrial DNA contribution
Authors: Taylor Robert W. , McDonnell Martina T. , Blakely Emma L. , Chinnery Patrick F. , Taylor Geoffrey A. , Howell Neil , Zeviani Massimo , Briem Egill , Carrara Franco , Turnbull Douglass M. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractA cornerstone of mitochondrial genetics, strict maternal inheritance, has been challenged recently by the study of a patient with mitochondrial myopathy due to a sporadic 2bp deletion. The mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) harboring the mutation was paternal in origin, whereas the patient's blood was identical to the maternal genotype. To determine whether this is a common phenomenon, we studied mtDNA sequence variation between muscle and blood from 35 patients with sporadic mitochondrial myopathies, but detected no evidence of paternal mtDNA transmission. Our findings suggest that paternal transmission of mtDNA is rare and should not alter our genetic advice to families.
Early recovery after cerebral ischemia risk of subsequent neurological deterioration
Authors: Johnston S. Claiborne , Leira Enrique C. , Hansen Michael D. , Adams Harold P. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractGiven the high short‐term risk of stroke after transient ischemic attack, we hypothesized that substantial acute neurological recovery in patients presenting with cerebral ischemia would be associated with a greater risk of subsequent neurological deterioration due to recurrent cerebral ischemia. Data from the Trial of ORG10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment, a randomized trial of the heparinoid danaparoid, were analyzed to determine whether substantial acute recovery, defined as an improvement of greater than or equal to 75% on National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) between baseline and 24 hours, was associated with a greater risk of subsequent deterioration, defined as a worsening on the NIHSS between day 1 and day 90. Of 1,184 subjects meeting entry criteria, 63 (5.3%) had substantial acute recovery. Subsequent deterioration was more common in those with substantial acute recovery compared with others (48 vs 33%; p = 0.028 by Fisher's exact test). In multivariable models, substantial acute recovery remained an independent predictor of subsequent deterioration (odds ratio, 3.0; 95% confidence interval, 1.7–5.2; p < 0.001). Among patients with acute cerebral ischemia, those who recover substantially within 24 hours may be at greater risk of subsequent neurological deterioration due to causes other than hemorrhage.
Bilateral striatal necrosis associated with a novel mutation in the mitochondrial ND6 gene
Authors: Solano Abelardo , Roig Manuel , Vives‐Bauza Cristofol , Hernandez‐Peña Jose , Garcia‐Arumi Elena , Playan Ana , Lopez‐Perez Manuel J. , Andreu Antonio L. , Montoya Julio 
Published: September 2003

AbstractWe report the molecular findings in two independent patients presenting with progressive generalized dystonia and bilateral striatal necrosis in whom we have identified a mutation (T14487C) in the mitochondrial ND6 gene. The mutation is heteroplasmic in all samples analyzed, and it fulfills all accepted criteria of pathogenicity. Transmitochondrial cell lines harboring 100% mutant mitochondrial DNA showed a marked decrease in the activity of complex I of the respiratory chain supporting the pathogenic role of T14487C.
Subthalamic nucleus stimulation affects a frontotemporal network: A PET study
Authors: Schroeder Ulrike , Kuehler Andreas , Lange Klaus W. , Haslinger Bernhard , Tronnier Volker M. , Krause Martin , Pfister Robert , Boecker Henning , Ceballos‐Baumann Andres O. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractDeep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) has become an effective strategy in the treatment of motor symptoms in advanced Parkinson's disease. However, clinical studies have shown that DBS can affect verbal fluency. Seven Parkinson's disease patients with bilateral DBS of the STN were studied with positron emission tomography (PET) to investigate the effects of STN stimulation on regional cerebral blood flow during a verbal fluency task. Activation of the right orbitofrontal cortex and verbal fluency‐associated activation within a left‐sided frontotemporal network were decreased during STN stimulation compared with the OFF state. Our results offer an explanation for the commonest neuropsychological side effect of STN stimulation and show that STN stimulation affects a frontotemporal network during a fluency task. Ann Neurol 2003;54:000–000
Meningitis‐associated hearing loss: Protection by adjunctive antioxidant therapy
Authors: Klein Matthias , Koedel Uwe , Pfister Hans‐Walter , Kastenbauer Stefan 
Published: September 2003

AbstractHearing loss is the most frequent long‐term complication of pneumococcal meningitis, affecting up to 40% of survivors. Unfortunately, adjuvant therapy with dexamethasone has failed to satisfactorily reduce its incidence. Therefore, we evaluated the use of antioxidants for the adjunctive therapy of meningitis‐associated deafness. Eighteen hours after intracisternal injection of 7.5 × 105colony‐forming units ofStreptococcus pneumoniae, rats were treated systemically either with ceftriaxone and the antioxidants and peroxynitrite scavengers Mn(III)tetrakis(4‐benzoic acid)‐porphyrin (MnTBAP) orN‐acetyl‐L‐cysteine (NAC) or placebo (1ml phosphate‐buffered saline) for 4 days. Hearing was assessed by auditory brainstem response audiometry. Adjunctive antioxidant therapy significantly reduced the long‐term hearing loss (14 days after infection) for square wave impulses (mean hearing loss ± SD: ceftriaxone and placebo, 45±26dB; ceftriaxone and MnTBAP, 9±23dB; ceftriaxone and NAC, 19±30dB) as well as 1kHz (ceftriaxone and placebo, 28±19dB; ceftriaxone and MnTBAP, 10±16dB; ceftriaxone and NAC, 10±17dB), and 10kHz tone bursts (ceftriaxone and placebo, 62±27dB; ceftriaxone and MnTBAP, 16±13dB; ceftriaxone and NAC, 25±26dB). Furthermore, both antioxidants attenuated the morphological correlates of meningogenic hearing loss, namely, long‐term blood‐labyrinth barrier disruption, spiral ganglion neuronal loss, and fibrous obliteration of the perilymphatic spaces. Adjuvant antioxidant therapy is highly otoprotective in meningitis and therefore is a promising future treatment option.
Contribution of the ipsilateral motor cortex to recovery after chronic stroke
Authors: Werhahn Konrad J. , Conforto Adriana B. , Kadom Nadja , Hallett Mark , Cohen Leonardo G. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractIt has been proposed that the intact (ipsilateral) motor cortex play a significant role mediating recovery of motor function in the paretic hand of chronic stroke patients, but this hypothesis has not been tested experimentally. Here, we evaluated the effects of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) on motor performance of the paretic hand of chronic stroke patients and healthy controls. We hypothesized that, if activity in the intact hemisphere contributes to functional recovery, TMS should result in abnormal motor behavior in the paretic hand. We found that stimulation of the intact hemisphere resulted in delayed simple reaction times (RTs) in the contralateral healthy but not in the ipsilateral paretic hand, whereas stimulation of the lesioned hemisphere led to a marked delay in RT in the contralateral paretic hand but not in the ipsilateral healthy hand. RT delays in the paretic hand correlated well with functional recovery. Finger tapping in the paretic hand was affected by TMS of the lesioned but not the intact hemisphere. These results are consistent with the idea that recovered motor function in the paretic hand of chronic stroke patients relies predominantly on reorganized activity within motor areas of the affected hemisphere.