bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ionophores in Rubidium Ion‐Selective Membrane Electrodes
Authors: Hyun Myung Ho , Piao Ming‐Hua , Cho Yoon Jae , Shim Yoon‐Bo 
Published: September 2004

AbstractBinaphthyl‐based crown ethers incorporating anthraquinone, benzoquinone, and 1,4‐dimethoxybezene have been synthesized and tested for Rb+ selective ionophores in the poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) membrane. The membrane containing NPOE gave a better Rb+ selectivity than those containing either DOA or BPPA as a plasticizer. The response was linear within the concentration range of 1.0×10−5–1.0×10−1 M and the slope was 54.7±0.5 mV/dec. The detection limit was determined to be 9.0×10−6 M and the optimum pH range of the membrane was 6.0–9.0. The ISE membrane exhibits good selectivity for Rb+ over ammonium, alkali metal, and alkaline earth metal ions. Selectivity coefficients for the other metal ions, log KPot were −2.5 for Li+, −2.4 for Na+, −2.0 for H+, −1.0 for K+, −1.2 for Cs+, −1.6 for NH4+, −4.5 for Mg2+, −5.0 for Ca2+,−4.9 for Ba2+. The lifetime of the membrane was about one month.
Correlation of dynamic characteristics of a super‐tall building from full‐scale measurements and numerical analysis with various finite element models
Authors: Li Q. S. , Wu J. R. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractThe Di Wang Tower located in Shenzhen has 79 storeys and is about 325 m high. Field measurements have been conducted to investigate the dynamic characteristics of the super‐tall building. In parallel with the field measurements, seven finite element models have been established to model the multi‐outrigger‐braced tall building and to analyse the effects of various arrangements of outrigger belts and vertical bracings on the dynamic characteristics and responses of the Di Wang Tower under the design wind load and earthquake action. The distributions of shear forces in vertical structural components along the building height are also presented and discussed. The results from detailed modelling of group shear walls with several types of finite elements are addressed and compared to investigate various modelling assumptions. Finally, the performance of the finite element models is evaluated by correlating the natural frequencies and mode shapes from the numerical analysis with the finite element models and the field measurements. The results generated from this study are expected to be of interest to professionals and researchers involved with the design of tall buildings. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Measurement of the spatial distribution of fluvial bedload transport velocity in both sand and gravel
Authors: Rennie Colin D. , Millar Robert G. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractMaps are presented of the spatial distribution of two‐dimensional bedload transport velocity vectors. Bedload velocity data were collected using the bottom tracking feature of an acoustic Doppler current proﬁler (aDcp) in both a gravel‐bed reach and a sand‐bed reach of Fraser River, British Columbia. Block‐averaged bedload velocity vectors, and bedload velocity vectors interpolated onto a uniform grid, revealed coherent patterns in the bedload velocity distribution. Concurrent Helley‐Smith bedload sampling in the sand‐bed reach corroborated the trends observed in the bedload velocity map. Contemporaneous 2D vector maps of near‐bed water velocity (velocity in bins centered between 25 cm and 50 cm from the bottom) and depth‐averaged water velocity were also generated from the aDcp data. Using a vector correlation coefﬁcient, which is independent of the choice of coordinate system, the bedload velocity distribution was signiﬁcantly correlated to the near‐bed and depth‐averaged water velocity distributions. The bedload velocity distribution also compared favorably with variations in depth and estimates of the spatial distribution of shear stress. Published in 2004 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A subdomain boundary element method for high‐Reynolds laminar flow using stream function‐vorticity formulation
Authors: Ramšak Matjaž , Škerget Leopold 
Published: September 2004

AbstractThe paper presents a new formulation of the integral boundary element method (BEM) using subdomain technique. A continuous approximation of the function and the function derivative in the direction normal to the boundary element (further ‘normal flux’) is introduced for solving the general form of a parabolic diffusion‐convective equation. Double nodes for normal flux approximation are used. The gradient continuity is required at the interior subdomain corners where compatibility and equilibrium interface conditions are prescribed. The obtained system matrix with more equations than unknowns is solved using the fast iterative linear least squares based solver. The robustness and stability of the developed formulation is shown on the cases of a backward‐facing step flow and a square‐driven cavity flow up to the Reynolds number value 50 000. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fast robust subject‐independent magnetoencephalographic source localization using an artificial neural network
Authors: Jun Sung Chan , Pearlmutter Barak A. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractWe describe a system that localizes a single dipole to reasonable accuracy from noisy magnetoencephalographic (MEG) measurements in real time. At its core is a multilayer perceptron (MLP) trained to map sensor signals and head position to dipole location. Including head position overcomes the previous need to retrain the MLP for each subject and session. The training dataset was generated by mapping randomly chosen dipoles and head positions through an analytic model and adding noise from real MEG recordings. After training, a localization took 0.7 ms with an average error of 0.90 cm. A few iterations of a Levenberg‐Marquardt routine using the MLP output as its initial guess took 15 ms and improved accuracy to 0.53 cm, which approaches the natural limit on accuracy imposed by noise. We applied these methods to localize single dipole sources from MEG components isolated by blind source separation and compared the estimated locations to those generated by standard manually assisted commercial software. Hum. Brain Mapping 24:21–34, 2005. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effectiveness of brachytherapy and fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy boost for persistent nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Yau Tsz‐Kok , Sze Wai‐Man , Lee Wing‐Mui , Yeung Mei‐Wan , Leung Kim‐Cheung , Hung Wai‐Man , Chan Wing‐Ip 
Published: September 2004

AbstractBackground.Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) with local persistence after primary radiotherapy carries a high risk of treatment failure. We compared the effectiveness of brachytherapy and a fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT) boost in improving tumor control.Methods.We retrospectively reviewed the records of 755 patients with NPC treated from 1994 to 2001. Fifty‐two patients (7%) had persistent local disease, but seven of them were unsuitable for radiotherapy boost. Overall, 24 patients received brachytherapy boost at a median dose of 20 Gy, and 21 patients received an SRT boost at a median dose of 15 Gy.Results.Despite the radiotherapy boost, the overall 3‐year local failure–free control rate was still significantly lower for patients with persistent disease than for the rest (71% vs 86%, p < .01). Only the SRT subgroup achieved a local failure–free control rate close to that of the complete responders (82% vs 86%, p = .71).Conclusions.SRT boost is more effective in reverting the poor prognostic influence of local persistent disease. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 26: 1024–1030, 2004
Balloon cell nevus of the pharynx
Authors: Gulati Achal , Singhal Deepti , Lal Devyani , Agarwal A. K. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractBackground.Mucosal melanotic lesions are rare, and the still rarer balloon cell variant has not been reported in the upper aerodigestive tract mucosa. We report a case of balloon cell nevus of the pharynx.Methods.A 35‐year‐old woman was seen with complaints of a black color in her mouth. Physical examination revealed a diffusely pigmented posterior pharyngeal wall. The pigmentation extended superiorly to the posterior edge of the palate, and laterally, it stopped short of the posterior tonsillar pillars. The overlying mucosa was smooth, with no swelling. Flexible endoscopy showed that the lesion extended to the cricopharynx. Findings on histopathologic examination were consistent with balloon cell nevus of the pharynx. Complete excision was not possible, because the lesion was very diffuse.Results.After 2 years of conservative management and regular follow‐up examinations, no change in the symptoms and no increase in the lesion have been seen.Conclusion.Melanotic lesions in the upper aerodigestive tract mucosa are rare. This case is reported for its rarity, unusual presentation, and characteristic histopathologic features. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 26: 910–914, 2004
Prostate cancer screening, changing age‐specific incidence trends and implications on familial risk
Authors: Hemminki Kari , Rawal Rajesh , Bermejo Justo Lorenzo 
Published: September 2004

AbstractThe incidence of prostate cancer has increased markedly during the past half century. We used the data from the Swedish Cancer Registry to follow the incidence trends and age‐specific incidence up to 2002. Two different patterns in the age‐incidence relationships were noted. The first one, prevailing until about 1995, was characterized by a preferential increase in incidence in men older than 70 years. In the second pattern, the increase extended preferentially to younger age groups, and it coincided with an introduction of opportunistic prostate specific antigen (PSA) screening, which was the probable cause of the large upward shift in the incidence between 1998 and 2000. The possible effects of diagnostic methods on familial risk estimates were tested by comparing age and calendar time differences among brothers who were diagnosed with prostate cancer, retrieved from the Swedish Family‐Cancer Database. The 2 distributions were very different according to the Wilcoxon rank test (p < 0.0001). The data suggest that a diagnosis of prostate cancer in 1 brother leads to an early diagnosis in a second brother. The data are probably explained by the healthy brother seeking medical advice upon diagnosis in another brother. This effect is likely to bias familial risk estimates.
Irving B. Harris Distinguished Lecture: Reflective supervision in infant–family programs: Adding clinical process to nonclinical settings
Authors: Gilkerson Linda 
Published: September 2004

AbstractPrograms that are moving toward relationship‐based practice are finding it essential to integrate some form of reflective process into their program practices in order to achieve their goals. Reflective supervision is proposed as a method to support change toward relationship‐based practice with infants and their families. The elements and structure of reflective supervision are described and several examples are given showing the implementation of this approach in two different settings: neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) and community‐based early intervention programs.
Effect of silicon doping on bone formation within alumina porous domains
Authors: Pabbruwe Moreica B. , Standard Owen C. , Sorrell Charles C. , Howlett C. Rolfe 
Published: September 2004

AbstractThe effect of doping a porous bioinert bioceramic with silicon (Si) on tissue ingrowth, differentiation, and osteogenesis was studied using a rat intramedullary model. Alumina tubes (1.3‐mm outer diameter, 0.6‐mm inner diameter, 15‐mm length) doped with Si at nominal concentrations of 0.5 and 5.0 mol % were implanted into femoral medullary canals of female rats for 16 weeks. Tissue formation within the tubes was determined by histology and histomorphometry. Addition of 0.5 mol % Si to alumina stimulated cellular activity at the bone–ceramic interface and impaired osteogenic maturation within the tubes. In contrast, osteogenesis was enhanced in the 5.0 mol % Si‐doped alumina tubes. It is considered that effect of Si is related to surface chemistry rather than microstructure. This work demonstrates that doping a bioinert ceramic with small amounts of Si can significantly alter tissue ingrowth, differentiation, and osteogenesis within a porous implant. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 71A: 250–257, 2004
Water uptake and release from iodine‐containing bone cement
Authors: Kjellson F. , Brudeli B. , McCarthy I. D. , Lidgren L. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractWater uptake and release characteristics of PMMA cement containing the water‐soluble contrast media iohexol or iodixanol have been investigated. The water uptake study revealed that iohexol had the highest uptake of water (3.7%) and that iodixanol had an uptake close to that of Palacos® R (2.3% and 1.9%). The curves obtained showed the materials to follow classic diffusion theory, with an initial linearity with respect to t1/2 making it possible to calculate the diffusion coefficients. This showed iohexol to have the lowest diffusion coefficient, Palacos® R the highest, and iodixanol close to that of Palacos® R. The release study showed that more iohexol than iodixanol was released from the bone cement; the long‐term release was above 25 μg/mL for iohexol compared to slightly above 10 μg/mL for iodixanol. A μCT investigation showed that the risk of developing an observable radiolucent zone is negligible. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 71A: 292–298, 2004
Fluvastatin and lovastatin but not pravastatin induce neuroglial differentiation in human mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Lee Oscar Kuang‐Sheng , Ko Ying‐Chieh , Kuo Tom K. , Chou Shiu‐Huey , Li Hwei‐Ju , Chen Wei‐Ming , Chen Tain‐Hsiung , Su Yeu 
Published: September 2004

AbstractRecent studies have shown that statins, the most potent inhibitors of 3‐hydroxy‐2‐methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG‐CoA) reductase, stimulate bone formation in vitro and in rodents by activating the expression of bone morphogenetic protein‐2 (BMP‐2), one of the most critical osteoblast differentiation‐inducing factors. However, the effect of statins on mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is yet to be reported. The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of fluvastatin, lovastatin, and pravastatin, three commonly prescribed lipid‐lowering agents, on the proliferation and differentiation of human MSCs. To our surprise, even though fluvastatin and lovastatin effectively suppressed the growth of human MSCs, a neuroglia rather than osteoblast‐like morphology was observed after treatment. Interestingly, such morphological change was inhibited by the co‐addition of geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP). Immunofluorescence staining with antibodies against neuron‐, astrocyte‐, as well as oligodendrocyte‐specific markers confirmed the neuroglial identity of the differentiated cells. However, BMP‐2 is unlikely to play a positive role in neuroglial differentiation of MSCs since its expression was down‐regulated in fluvastatin‐treated cells. Taken together, our results suggest that fluvastatin and lovastatin induce neuroglial differentiation of human MSCs and that these cholesterol‐lowering agents might be used in conjunction with MSC transplantation in the future for treating neurological disorders and injuries. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cytoprotection of vascular endotheliocytes by phosphorylated ascorbate through suppression of oxidative stress that is generated immediately after post‐anoxic reoxygenation or with alkylhydroperoxides
Authors: Saitoh Yasukazu , Miwa Nobuhiko 
Published: September 2004

AbstractVascular endotheliocytes BAE‐2 underwent the gradually proceeding cell death until 48 h after reoxygenation (Reox) following 3 h anoxia (Anox), but protected by pre‐Anox administration with L‐ascorbic acid (Asc)‐2‐O‐phosphate (Asc2P), an autooxidation‐resistant Asc derivative, but not by Asc itself. This cytoprotection with Asc2P was achieved in a glucose (Glc)‐lacking buffer more advantageously than in a Glc‐containing buffer where less efficiency had been demonstrated for Asc entry into BAE‐2 cells than in a Glc‐lacking buffer. Superoxide anion radicals were detected explosively in the extracellular space at 2–5 min after Reox following the Anox treatment of HUVE endotheliocytes, and were thereafter retained at levels as high as approximately one‐half of the maximum level until 60 min after Reox, as shown by cytochrome c reduction assay. Superoxide anions at 3 and 60 min after Reox were suppressed by pre‐Anox administration with Asc2P, but not with Asc or dehydro‐Asc, and were not suppressed by post‐Anox administration with Asc2P; the cytoprotection may need the intracellular accumulation of the ROS‐scavenging effector Asc that is converted from Asc2P until 3 min after Reox. The ROS‐generator tert‐butylhydroperoxide (t‐BuOOH) also induced both the diminished cell viability and nuclear DNA strand cleavages of BAE‐2 endotheliocytes, which were also protected dose‐dependently with Asc2P. The cytoprotection was attributed to reduction of intracellular ROS including hydroperoxide and hydrogen peroxide with Asc2P as shown by fluorometry with the redox indicator CDCFH‐DA. Thus Anox/Reox‐induced cell death can be prevented by Asc2P that suppresses ROS‐generation immediately after Reox following Anox more efficiently in the intracellular sphere rather than in the extracellular space. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
In vitro and in vivo tumor growth inhibition by a p16‐mimicking peptide in p16INK4A‐defective, pRb‐positive human melanoma cells
Authors: Noonan Douglas M. , Severino Anna , Morini Monica , Tritarelli Alessandra , Manente Lucrezia , D'Agnano Igea , Starace Giuseppe , Baldi Alfonso , Lombardi Daniela , Albini Adriana , Felsani Armando , Paggi Marco G. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractThe cell cycle regulatory pathway responsible for the control of the late‐G1 checkpoint is found recurrently altered in human malignant melanoma, often due to lack of functional p16 or pRb (pRb‐1) proteins. Here we examined the ability of p16‐derived peptides to mimic p16 function in two exemplary human melanoma cell lines: the p16‐defective, pRb‐positive A375M cells and p16‐positive, pRb‐defective A2058 cells. The synthetic p16‐mimicking peptides strongly induced apoptosis in p16−, pRb+ A375M cells in vitro, while they had significantly less activity on p16+, pRb− A2058 cells. The most active p16‐mimicking peptide, p16‐AP9, also potently inhibited in vivo growth of the A375M melanoma. Treated tumors showed a threefold smaller volume (P < 0.025) and a significant reduction of the mitotic index and of PCNA expression. Growth of A2058 cells in vivo was not affected by treatment with the p16‐mimicking peptide. Our results demonstrate that p16‐mimicking peptides can induce apoptosis in vitro and that can inhibit tumor growth in vivo in p16‐defective, pRb‐expressing human melanoma cells, suggesting that p16‐mimicking peptides can represent a promising tool for targeted therapy in selected cancer phenotypes. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fermentation optimization for the production of lovastatin by Aspergillus terreus: use of response surface methodology
Authors: Casas López JL , Sánchez Pérez JA , Fernández Sevilla JM , Acién Fernández FG , Molina Grima E , Chisti Y 
Published: September 2004

AbstractA Box–Behnken experimental design was used to investigate the effects of five factors—ie oxygen content in the gas phase; concentrations of C, N and P; and fermentation time—on the concentrations of biomass and lovastatin produced in batch cultures of Aspergillus terreus. The values of the various factors in the experiment ranged widely, as follows: 20–80% (v/v) oxygen in the aeration gas; 8–48 g dm−3 C‐concentration; 0.2–0.6 g dm−3 N‐concentration; 0.5–2.5 g dm−3 phosphate‐concentration; and 7–11 days fermentation time. No previous work has used statistical analysis in documenting the interactions between oxygen supply and nutrient concentrations in lovastatin production. The Box–Behnken design identified the oxygen content in the gas phase as the principal factor influencing the production of lovastatin. Both a limitation and excess of oxygen reduced lovastatin titers. A medium containing 48 g dm−3 C supplied as lactose, 0.46 g dm−3 N supplied as soybean meal, and 0.79 g dm−3 phosphate supplied as KH2PO4, was shown to support high titers (∼230 mg dm−3) of lovastatin in a 7‐day fermentation in oxygen‐rich conditions (80% v/v oxygen in the aeration gas). Under these conditions, the culture medium had excess carbon but limiting amounts of nitrogen. The optimized fermentation conditions raised the lovastatin titer by four‐fold compared with the worst‐case scenario within the range of factors investigated. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
Lactose fermentation in the presence of C18 fatty acids
Authors: Lalman Jerald A , Komjarova Irina , Jing Nin 
Published: September 2004

AbstractLactose degradation in the presence of C18 long chain fatty acids was examined under anaerobic conditions at 37 °C. The lactose degradation rate was a function of linoleic acid (LA) and oleic acid (OA) concentrations but independent of the amount of stearic acid (SA) added. In cultures fed with LA, lactose was removed within approximately 12 h and within 6 h for cultures inoculated with OA or SA. Glucose, a product of lactose degradation, was only observed in cultures fed with 500–700 mg dm−3 LA and 1000 mg dm−3 OA. No galactose was detected under any of the conditions examined. The cause of glucose accumulation is likely due to inhibition of acidogens by LA and OA. Lactate was detected under all conditions examined. LA was more inhibitory on lactate‐consuming organisms than OA and SA and larger amounts of lactate were observed in cultures fed with LA. In addition to lactate, butyrate, propionate and acetate were also observed. Accumulation of volatile fatty acids was a function of the type and concentration of long chain fatty acids. In cultures fed with SA, lower levels of butyrate and acetate were observed when compared with those inoculated with LA and OA and no propionate was detected. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
Anaerobic/aerobic sequential treatment of a cotton textile mill wastewater
Authors: Işik Mustafa , Sponza Delia Teresa 
Published: September 2004

AbstractThe treatment of a wastewater taken from a cotton textile mill was investigated using an anaerobic/aerobic sequential system during an operational period of 87 days. The process units consisted of an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor and a continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR). Wastewater characterization was performed before feeding the reactor system. Glucose‐COD, and azo dyes were added to the textile wastewater for comparative purposes in the final period of operation. The pH values in the effluent of the UASB reactor were suitable for optimal anaerobic treatment in all runs. The biodegradable part of the COD in wastewater was removed effectively, with the anaerobic stage improving the biodegradability of wastewater entering the aerobic stage. The UASB reactor permitted COD and color removals of 9–51% and 46–55%, respectively, at a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 30 h. COD removal efficiencies were between 40 and 85% and color removal efficiencies were 39–81% in normal and artificially‐colored wastewaters at a total HRT of 5.75 days in the UASB/CSTR reactor system. Benzidine produced from the cleavage of azo bond in the anaerobic stage was effectively removed in the aerobic stage, and was identified by comparison of its HPLC spectrum with that of an authentic specimen. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry