bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of a 36-hour Nonstop Training Course on Academic, Physical, and Mental Skills as well as Psychological Stress Perception in Cardiac Surgery Residents
Authors: Caldonazo Tulio , Kirov Hristo , Schneider Ulrich , Beckmann Andreas , W. K. , Weber Günter , Iglauer-Sander Regina , Färber Gloria , Doenst Torsten ,   and on behalf of all Strong GermaN HeaRTS Participants
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background Making the right decision in stressful situations is required for goal-oriented action in cardiac surgery. Current labor laws prevent residents to be subjected to situations that test their stress tolerance. These situations often occur only later in the career. We simulated such conditions in a structured non-stop 36-hour cardiac surgical training course and assessed the participant's performance.
Methods Fourteen advanced residents/junior staff surgeons were selected. The course was conducted in collaboration with the national antiterror police forces that provided coaching for teamplay, leadership, and responsibility awareness. The candidates attended graded and evaluated workshops/lectures and performed academic and surgical tasks. Psychological and surgical skill assessments were conducted at times 0, 12, 24, 36 hours.
Results Progressive reductions in individual motivation, associated with increased stress and irritability levels, worsening mood, and fatigue were observed. Long- and short-term memory functions were unaffected and practical surgical performance even increased over time.
Conclusion Among the candidates, 36 hours of sleep deprivation did not lead to relevant changes in the skills required from a cardiac surgeon in daily life. Importantly, group dynamics substantially improved during the course, suggesting advances in the perception of responsibility and teamwork.
Hyper-heuristic algorithm for traffic flow-based vehicle routing problem with simultaneous delivery and pickup
Authors: Wang Zheng , Liu Jinlong , Zhang Jingling 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
To address the realistic problem of seriously reducing distribution efficiency and increasing distribution cost caused by road traffic congestion, this paper constructs a time-dependent speed describing vehicle travel speed and road traffic flow by simulating the change of urban traffic flow, to establish a vehicle route problem model considering traffic flow with distribution cost and customer satisfaction as optimization objectives. To solve this problem, a hyper-heuristic algorithm based on tabu search is designed in this paper, in which the underlying search operator is selected more efficiently by a high-level heuristic strategy. In addition, the correctness of the model and the effectiveness of the algorithm are verified by conducting simulation experiments on several benchmark sets. Experiment results are shown as the travel speed of the vehicle increases, the average customer satisfaction in lc1-type instances increases to 0.94. And the impact of urban traffic changes on logistics costs and customer satisfaction is further analyzed.
The principle of solidarity and hydrogen markets in the European Union
Authors: Wende Susanne 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
With the OPAL-Judgment, the CJEU stated very clearly that the principle of solidarity—implemented in Article 194 TFEU with reference to a ‘spirit of solidarity between Member States’—has legally binding effect on EU institutions and EU Member States in the field of energy law. This ruling marks the end of a long and controversial academic discussion on the nature of the solidarity principle. At the same time, the ruling is just the beginning of further legal research on what exactly the content of the obligations and possible conflicts with Member States sovereignty under Article 194(2) TFEU is. The following article analyses the effects of the principle of energy solidarity on the nascent regulatory framework on hydrogen markets in the European Union (EU). It is common sense that those markets shall evolve swiftly to achieve emission reduction goals. There is no European regulation on pure hydrogen markets in force yet, but some EU Member States have already taken legislative action. Against this background, the article will particularly assess the impact of the principle of solidarity on national measures regarding network planning and hydrogen import.
Comparing the virulence of four major clades of Candida auris strains using a silkworm infection model: Clade IV isolates had higher virulence than the other clades
Authors: Kurakado Sanae , Matsumoto Yasuhiko , Sugita Takashi 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Candida auris is an emerging fungal pathogen that is feared to spread of infection because of its propensity for multidrug resistance and high mortality rate. This pathogenic yeast is classified into four major clades by phylogenetic analyses, which are referred to the South Asia clade (clade I), East Asia clade (clade II), South Africa clade (clade III), and South America clade (clade IV), based on the location of the initial isolate. In this study, we evaluated the virulence of C. auris strains belonging to four major clades and the therapeutic effects of micafungin in a silkworm infection model. The highest mortality rate at 21 h after C. auris inoculation was observed for strains from clade IV (80% or more). In contrast, it was 20% or less in those from other clades. Antifungal susceptibility tests indicated resistance to fluconazole and sensitivity to echinocandins in the blood-derived strains. Micafungin prolonged the survival of blood-derived C. auris infected silkworms. These results suggest that the silkworm infection model is useful for evaluating the virulence of C. auris and determining its therapeutic effects.
Aneurysms
Authors: Gruber A , Richling B 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Intracranial aneurysms (from the Greek ana, across and eurys, broad) have been studied in several general autopsy series. Although the prevalence of unruptured aneurysms in the general Western population is unknown, most autopsy studies have estimated the prevalence at 2 to 5 per cent (Chason and Hindman 1958; de la Monte et al. 1985; Di Bonito and Giarelli 1975). In the largest series so far, Jellinger (1979) found intracranial aneurysms in 1.6 per cent of 87 772 autopsies. Fewer than half of the aneurysms discovered at autopsy have ruptured (McCormick and Acosta-Rua 1970).
Vascular malformations of the head and neck
Authors: Hirsch J A , Choi I-S 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter considers vascular lesions of the extracranial tissues of the head and neck. Lesions will be discussed individually with emphasis placed on those lesions that have the potential for treatment by neurointerventionalists. Epistaxis will be considered in this chapter and emphasis will be placed on its idiopathic causes; tumours that may present with bleeding will be covered in Chapter 11. The angiographic work-up and interventional approaches to treatment will be described. Cervical arterial venous fistulas, apart from carotid cavernous fistulas, will also be dis- cussed and special attention paid to vertebrovenous and external carotid artery branch fistulas. Carotid cavernous fistulas are covered in detail elsewhere.
Indo-European Origins of Germanic Syntax
Authors: Kiparsky Paul 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In accord with the standard analysis I assume that verb-second and verb-first order in Germanic1 is derived by movement of the finite verb to a.vacant C0 position (den Besten (1983)).2 I shall argue that in English and in the early Germanic languages the Specifier of CP is a focus position, which hosts whphrases, demonstratives, and negation. This specifier position can in turn be preceded by a topicalized/left dislocated element adjoined to CP; if it is an NP, it must bind a resumptive pronoun in the clause. In addition, constituents can be topicalized by adjunction to S.
Breaking Precedents and Reaffirming Old Ones 933-1961)
Authors: Caroli Betty Boyd 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Even before the 1932 presidential election, Eleanor Roosevelt (1933-1945) made clear that she meant to break some precedents if her husband won. Just how much she was responding to the special urgency of the Great Depression remains unclear. Perhaps she would have been just as active and innovative a First Lady if her husband had presided over a prosperous nation. But most Americans in 1933 were neither prosperous nor optimistic. The previous summer, midwestern farmers, disgusted by the low prices they were receiving, dumped their milk. Then thousands of jobless veterans marched to Washington and set up camps of shacks and tents, dubbed Hoovervilles. By the time Franklin Roosevelt took his oath of office in March 1933, many of the country’s banks had closed and business halted. Young children in the largest cities learned to walk past furniture, sidewalk-stored, of their dispossessed neighbors and to expect that one day they would return from school to find their own things there.
The Turbulent Sixties
Authors: Caroli Betty Boyd 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In February 1960, when the field of likely nominees for that year’s presidential election had narrowed to five, Newsweek compared the men’s wives and predicted that one of them would preside over the White House in the next four years. As it turned out, two of them did; and before the decade ended, three of the five had served as First Lady. With very different personalities and priorities, each carved out an individual response to a turbulent period in American history-one of exhilaration, then questioning and delusion as attention turned from space exploration and the Peace Corps to John Kennedy’s assassination and then to Vietnam. In less than a decade, the style of First Ladies changed too, so that campaigning became a requirement instead of an option. Acting as White House hostess dropped as a priority; spearheading substantive reforms rose. In short, the president’s wife moved out of the society columns and on to the front page.
Community-Based Careers and Economic Virtue: Arming, Disarming, and Rearming the Springfield, Western Massachusetts, Metalworking Region
Authors: Best Michael H , Forrant Robert 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
With the occurrence of a dramatic downsizing of big corporations, the opportunity for a life-long career within one company is increasingly unrealistic. What are the alternatives? In this chapter, we explore the idea of a community-based career, in which members of an industrial community, over a lifetime, may work for or manage a series of loosely coupled or networked small and medium-sized enterprises within a geographical region.
Seeking a Friendly and Cooperative Merger
Authors: Hitt Michael A , Harrison Jeffrey S , Ireland R Duane 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
As the preceding chapters have demonstrated, mergers and acquisitions can challenge even the most adept managers. Some of the best combinations require enormous amounts of goodwill, cooperation, and planning. Consider the recent acquisition of Netscape by America Online. Netscape, the pioneer in Internet access, employed some of the brightest minds in the software industry. AOL was best known for providing access to users who are largely computer illiterate. However, at the time of the deal, AOL was moving in the direction of technological sophistication and Netscape had been having problems due to Microsoft’s strong competitive position. The companies needed each other, yet industry observers were concerned that a combination would scare away many of the talented minds that were Netscape’s greatest strength.1
Achieving Integration and Synergy
Authors: Hitt Michael A , Harrison Jeffrey S , Ireland R Duane 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Based in Paris, France, Alcatel is the world’s fourth largest telecommunications manufacturer. Operating in over 130 countries, Alcatel provides “complete solutions and services to operators, service providers, enterprises and consumers, ranging from backbone networks to user terminals.”1 Until recently, the firm had a relatively small presence in the United States. Because of this market’s growth potential, Alcatel executives chose to execute a corporate-level strategy that requires the company to develop a more prominent position in the United States. Acquisitions are a principal means through which this objective is to be reached. Analysts believe that this strategy demonstrates Alcatel’s desire to leverage its current core competencies with closely controlled technologies and to be able to build products in its own facilitates that it had been purchasing from other networking companies.2
Acquiring or Merging Across Borders
Authors: Hitt Michael A , Harrison Jeffrey S , Ireland R Duane 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The announcement that Germany’s Daimler-Benz AG and United States’ Chrysler Corporation intended to merge stunned the automobile industry. At the time, this cross-border transaction was the world’s largest industrial merger. The merger between two of the automobile industry’s most profitable manufacturers created a company that ranked third glob­ ally in sales revenue and fifth in vehicle unit sales. The official primary goal of this cross-border merger was to create the world’s preeminent automotive, transportation, and services company.
Beating the Odds in the M&A Game
Authors: Hitt Michael A , Harrison Jeffrey S , Ireland R Duane 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Mergers and acquisitions continue to set new records in both volume and size. Acquisitions are a relatively quick way to grow compared to other options and, from the perspective of top managers, they are exciting and often financially rewarding. However, by most accounts, acquisitions are prone to failure, with some having disastrous consequences. The insights this book provides, based on many years of research by numerous investigators and illustrated with hundreds of examples, can help executives and their firms make successful acquisitions.
The Generative Lexicon
Authors: Pustejovsky James 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this paper, I will discuss four major topics relating to current research in lexical semantics: methodology, descriptive coverage, adequacy of the representation, and the computational usefulness of representations. In addressing these issues, I will discuss what I think are some of the central problems facing the lexical semantics community, and suggest ways of best approaching these issues. Then, I will provide a method for the decomposition of lexical categories and outline a theory of lexical semantics embodying a notion of cocompositionality and type coercion, as well as several levels of semantic description, where the semantic load is spread more evenly throughout the lexicon. I argue that lexical decomposition is possible if it is performed generatively. Rather than assuming a fixed set of primitives, I will assume a fixed number of generative devices that can be seen as constructing semantic expressions.
A Cross-Categorial Semantics for Coordination
Authors: Gazdar Gerald 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
There have been two main motivations for the postulation of the transformation known as Coordination Reduction (CR).1 One was syntactic: if, for example, passive and “post-raising” VPs were the product of transformations, then they did not exist in the base and so sentences like (1) and (2) could not involve base VP coordination but must, instead, have resulted from a transformational rule applying subsequent to passivization and raising: But if such constituents as passive VPs and “post-raising” VPs are directly generated as has been proposed by a number of linguists in the last few years (e.g., Bresnan 1978; Brame 1976, 1978; Dowty 1978; Freidin 1975; Thomason 1976), then there is no longer a syntactic motivation for CR.
Interrogatives
Authors: Higginbotham James 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
It is a pleasure to be able to present this paper as part of a volume to honor Sylvain Bromberger. My subject, interrogative sentences and the questions that they express, is one on which he has thought and written deeply and at length. I am specifically indebted to Sylvain for discussion in our seminar from some time back, and for many conversations over the years. Above all, however, I am grateful to him for his support early on of my hybrid research into language and philosophy, and I hope he may think that this work justifies it at least in part.
Demonstratives
Authors: Kaplan David 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In about 1966 I wrote a paper about quantification into epistemological contexts. There are very difficult metaphysical, logical, and epistemological problems involved in providing a treatment of such idioms which does not distort our intuitions about their proper use and which is up to contemporary logical standards. I did not then, and do not now, regard the treatment I provided as fully adequate. And I became more and more intrigued with problems centering on what I would like to call the semantics of direct reference. By this I mean theories of meaning according to which certain singular terms refer directly without the mediation of a Fregean Sinn as meaning.
Another Figure: Metonymy
Authors: Kövecses Zoltán 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Metaphor is not the only “figure of speech” that plays an important role in our cognitive activities. In this chapter, I will discuss an equally significant other “trope”: metonymy. In addition to characterizing metonymy, I will also show that metaphor and metonymy, although clearly distinct, are related in several interesting ways.
Metaphor and Metonymy in the Study of Language
Authors: Kövecses Zoltán 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the previous chapter we saw how the cognitive linguistic view of metaphor and metonymy can shed new light on one aspect of language studies: the study of idiomatic expressions—especially for applied linguistic purposes. In the present chapter, I will discuss some further implications of this view for the study of various additional aspects of language. Given our new perspective, I will deal with such well-known linguistic phenomena as polysemy, historical semantics, as well as grammar and grammatical constructions. Lastly, I will look briefly at metaphorical aspects of linguistic theorizing.
Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics In Late Life
Authors: Pollock Bruce G 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Older patients are a pharmacologically sensitive population. They frequently bear a high burden of medical illness, consume more drugs than younger patients, are subject to more extensive multiple medication regimens, and account for more adverse drug events. Complications from pharmacotherapy represent a major health problem for elders. For those in their 80s, adverse drug reactions are seven times higher than for those in their 20s (Beard, 1992). Psychoactive medications continue to rank with anticoagulants as the most common medications associated with preventable adverse drug events in nursing homes (Gurwitz et al., 2000). There is also a high prevalence of psychotropic medication use among homebound elders, a group that is at even higher risk of adverse drug experiences and is not subject to oversight by regulatory agencies (Golden et al., 1999).
Antidepressant Side Effects
Authors: Salzman Carl 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Individuals over age 65 receive one-third of all prescription medications, a disproportionate share of drugs, and fill, on average, 13 prescriptions a year (Baum et al., 1988; Chrischillis et al., 1992). In some surveys, 87%-92 % of patients over the age of 65 took medication on a regular basis (Gryfe and Gryfe, 1984; Helling et al., 1987; Shaw, 1976). One risk of this abundant medication use in elderly patients is an increased risk of side effects, as illustrated by a sevenfold increase in drug side effects in 70- to 79-year-olds compared with those age 20-29. Furthermore, one-sixth of all hospital admissions of patients over the age of 70 have been attributed to side effects (Beard, 1992; Pollock, 1999).
Treatment Of Depression In Residential Settings
Authors: Katz Ira R , Streim Joel 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Approximately 4% of older Americans, 1.6 million individuals, live in nursing homes. This figure, however, underestimates the number of those who use nursing home services (Katz et al., 2000; Strahan, 1997). In 1995, 1.7 million people were admitted to nursing homes; two-thirds to three-fourths of them were admitted for rehabilitation or convalescent care, and most of them were discharged after a matter of weeks.
Men and Women Working Together
Authors: Estlund Cynthia 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
There is ample evidence that the experience of working together across lines of social division such as race, though not untroubled by prejudice and hostility, tends to reduce prejudice and hostility. This experience fosters cooperative social ties and skills, conversations about a wide range of work-related, personal, and political matters, and bonds of empathy and affinity across salient lines of social division. Can anything like this claim be made in the case of gender?
Part of the powerful significance of interracial contact on the job stems from the relative paucity of close and cooperative interracial contact outside of the workplace. That is manifestly not the case as between men and women. Most importantly, men and women usually live together for much of their lives as spouses, brothers and sisters, and parents and children, not to mention as neighbors. There is not a general pattern of “gender segregation” in neighborhoods, most schools, and many other spheres of society from which workplace integration is an important departure.
Prison Reform amid the Ruins of Prisoners’ Rights
Authors: Jacobs James B 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Prisons and jails need continuous “reform” because there are constant financial, political, administrative, psychological, and even biological pressures threatening to undermine conditions, practices, and programs. Penal institutions often seem to be in decline if not in crisis (Christianson 1998). At the beginning of the twenty-first century, it remains a tremendous challenge to keep prisons and jails safe, clean, hygienic, operational, and humane (Stern 1998).
Clinically Important Drug Interactions With Antiepileptic Drugs
Authors: Asadi-Pooya Ali A , Sperling Michael R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Drug interactions can occur whenever two or more drugs are administered simultaneously. Most clinically important antiepileptic drug (AED) interactions with other drugs result from induction or inhibition of drug metabolizing hepatic enzymes. However, other mechanisms, including pharmacodynamic interactions, sometimes play a role. Unfortunately, many AEDs are substrates, inducers, or inhibitors of hepatic enzymes and have signiﬁcant protein binding (Table 6.1).
Aggravation of Seizures by Antiepileptic Drugs
Authors: Asadi-Pooya Ali A , Sperling Michael R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Drugs may sometimes aggravate seizures, deﬁned as an increase in either frequency or severity of existing seizures, emergence of new types of sei-zures, or the occurrence of status epilepticus. Pharmacodynamic aggravation of epilepsy usually translates into both increased seizure frequency and increased interictal electroencephalographic changes. A doubling or greater in seizure frequency may be considered as evidence for seizure aggravation. Seizure aggravation can occur with virtually all antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) (Somerville, 2002; Gayatri and Livingston, 2006). As the underlying mechanisms for antiseizure effects of AEDs are not fully understood, the mechanisms involved in seizure aggravation cannot be explained with certainty.