bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Controlled release of Clenbuterol from a hydroxyapatite carrier for the treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Lin Yi-Wen , Fang Chih-Hsiang , Liang Ya-Jyun , Yang Ching-Yun , Kuo Wei-Ting , Lin Feng-Huei 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background
Alzheimer’s disease is a neurodegenerative disorder, and Aβ aggregation is considered to be the central process implicated in its pathogenesis. Current treatments are faced by challenges such as serious side effects and reduced drug bioavailability. In this study, we developed a drug delivery system for intramuscular injection that uses cellular activity to achieve constant and long-term drug release.

Methods
Synthesized mesoporous hydroxyapatite (SHAP) was prepared via co-precipitation, and hydrophobic surface modification using stearic acid was then used to load clenbuterol by physical absorption, thus creating the drug delivery system. Clenbuterol release was achieved through cellular activity, with macrophage uptake triggering lysosome/endosome disruption, cytoplasmic release, extracellular exocytosis, and subsequent systemic circulation.

Results
We found that clenbuterol-loaded SHAP enabled sustained release for more than 2 weeks and effectively modulated inflammation, reduced Aβ oligomer-induced toxicity, and prevented Aβ aggregation.

Conclusions
Our findings suggest that treatment with clenbuterol loaded in this SHAP delivery system could be a promising strategy for treating Alzheimer’s disease.

Graphical Abstract
Volatility spillovers, structural breaks and uncertainty in technology sector markets
Authors: Arnell Linn , Engström Emma , Uddin Gazi Salah , Hasan Md. Bokhtiar , Kang Sang Hoon 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis study uses the dynamic conditional correlation to investigate how technology subsector stocks interact with financial assets in the face of economic and financial uncertainty. Our results suggest that structural breaks have diverse effects on financial asset connectedness and that the level of bond linkage increases when the trend breaks. We see a growing co-movement between the technology sector and major financial assets when uncertainty is considered. Overall, our findings indicate that the connectedness response varies depending on the type of uncertainty shock.
Associations of quantitative whole-body PSMA-PET metrics with PSA progression status under long-term androgen deprivation therapy in prostate cancer patients: a retrospective single-center study
Authors: Murthy Vishnu , Appiah-Kubi Emmanuel , Nguyen Kathleen , Thin Pan , Hotta Masatoshi , Shen John , Drakaki Alexandra , Rettig Matthew , Gafita Andrei , Calais Jeremie , Sonni Ida 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Purpose
To evaluate whether quantitative whole-body (WB) PSMA-PET metrics under long-term androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) and/or androgen receptor signaling inhibitors (ARSi) are associated with PSA progression.

Methods
Patients who underwent at least 2 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT scans between October 2016 and April 2021 (n = 372) and started a new line of ADT ± ARSi between PET1 and PET2 were retrospectively screened for inclusion. We investigated the association between PCWG3-defined PSA progression status at PET2 and the following PSMA-PET parameters: appearance of new lesions on PET2, ≥ 20% increase in WB-PSMA tumor volume (WB-PSMA-VOL), progression of disease (PD) by RECIP 1.0, and ≥ 30% increase in WB-PSMA-SUVmean from PET1 to PET2. Spearman’s rank correlation coefficients and Fisher’s exact test were used to evaluate the associations.

Results
Thirty-five patients were included: 12/35 (34%) were treated with ADT only and 23/35 (66%) with ARSi ± ADT. The median time between PET1 and PET2 was 539 days. Changes (%) in median PSA levels, WB-PSMA-SUVmean, and WB-PSMA-VOL from PET1 to PET2 were -86%, -23%, and -86%, respectively. WB-PSMA-VOL ≥ 20%, new lesions, RECIP-PD, and WB-PSMA-SUVmean ≥ 30% were observed in 5/35 (14%), 9/35 (26%), 5/35 (14%), and 4/35 (11%) of the whole cohort, in 3/9 (33%), 7/9 (78%), 3/9 (33%), and 2/9 (22%) of patients with PSA progression at PET2, and in 2/26 (8%), 2/26 (8%), 2/26 (8%), and 2/26 (8%) of patients without PSA progression at PET2 (p = 0.058, p < 0.001, p = 0.058, p = 0.238, respectively). Changes in PSA were correlated to percent changes in WB-PSMA-VOL and WB-PSMA-SUVmean (Spearman ρ: 0.765 and 0.633, respectively; p < 0.001).

Conclusion
Changes in PSA correlated with changes observed on PSMA-PET, although discordance between PSA and PSMA-PET changes was observed. Further research is necessary to evaluate if PSMA-PET parameters can predict progression-free survival and overall survival and serve as novel endpoints in clinical trials.
Reactive atrial-based anti-tachycardia pacing algorithm in cardiovascular implantable electronic devices is safe and feasible without increase in thromboembolic events in patients with a left atrial appendage closure device
Authors: Carter Cody , Khan Zeryab , El-Zein Rayan , Lockhart Marie , Shah Ankur , Nemer David , Tyler Jaret , Fu Eugene , Badin Auroa , Billakanty Sreedhar R. , Amin Anish K. , Chopra Nagesh 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Reactive atrial-based anti-tachycardia pacing (rATP) in CIED (cardiovascular implantable electronic devices) is effective in atrial fibrillation (AF) suppression. Uninterrupted systemic anticoagulation is recommended when this algorithm is activated to avoid stroke, however, the use of a rATP algorithm in patients with a left atrial appendage (LAA) closure device has not been studied. We assessed the safety and feasibility of rATP algorithm to suppress AF in patients with a LAA closure device over an extended period.

Methods
Data from 55 consecutive patients who underwent a Watchman® implant at a tertiary care hospital between September 1, 2015, and January 30, 2020, who also had an in situ Medtronic® CIED (45 with and 10 without rATP capability) were retrospectively reviewed.

Results
The 55-patient cohort was 60% male, 77 ± 8 years old, CHA2DS2-VASc score 5 (4–6), HAS-BLED score 3 (3–4), LVEF 53 ± 14%, LA size 4.4 ± 0.7 cm and ventricular pacing burden of 73 (1.4–98.3)%. The CIEDs (20 ICDs and 35 pacemakers) antedated Watchman® implants by 915 ± 725 days. Post-implant, all patients discontinued anticoagulation. Twenty patients in the rhythm-control group with active rATP algorithm displayed no increase in yearly AF burden and were less likely to develop permanent/long-standing persistent AF (p = 0.002) when compared to 35 patients in the rate-control group with CIEDs inactive/incapable of rATP over a ≤ 5-year follow-up. The longest AF episode in the rhythm-control group lasted 204 (19–2520) h. There was no increase in stroke/thromboembolism and a significant reduction in major bleeding noted over ≤ 5 years pre- versus post-implant in the whole cohort (p = 0.005).

Conclusion
rATP algorithm use is safe and feasible in patients with a Watchman® device. Patients should be forewarned of a surge in post-Watchman® implant AF burden.
Comparison of nutritional composition, bioactivities, and FTIR- ATR microstructural properties of commercially grown four mushroom species in Sri Lanka; Agaricus bisporus, Pleurotus ostreatus, Calocybe sp. (MK-white), Ganoderma lucidum
Authors: Wickramasinghe Malmi Apsara , Nadeeshani Harshani , Sewwandi Suriya Mudiyanselage , Rathnayake Isuri , Kananke Thilini Chathurangi , Liyanage Ruvini 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMushrooms have been consumed as delicacies since ancient times; however, little knowledge is available on the nutritional and bioactive properties of commercially grown mushroom species in Sri Lanka; button (Agaricus bisporus), oyster (Pleurotus ostreatus), Makandura white (Calocybe sp.), and Reishi (Ganoderma lucidum). Samples from four mushroom species were analysed for proximate composition, mineral and fatty acid content, and antioxidant, antidiabetic, and microstructural properties. Carbohydrate, protein, fat, ash, and dietary fibre content in mushroom species ranged from 64.83–79.97%, 10.53–23.29%, 0.57–4.37%, 2.80–11.00%, and 33.04 to 75.33%, respectively. The highest (P ≤ 0.05) protein and ash content were observed in A. bisporus, and G. lucidum had the highest (P ≤ 0.05) fat and dietary fibre content. When considering the micronutrients, G. lucidum comprised higher (P ≤ 0.05) Ca, Mg, Mn, and Cu, while A. bisporus had higher (P ≤ 0.05) Fe and Zn contents than other species. Essential omega-6 fatty acid, linoleic (18:2n-6) content was in the range of 37- 81% in studied mushroom samples. Results obtained from FTIR (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy) in conjunction with ATR (Attenuated total reflectance) revealed the presence of functional groups associated with fat (̴1740 cm−1), protein (̴1560 cm−1), polysaccharides (1500–750 cm−1) and moisture (̴3300 cm−1) in mushroom samples. According to the results, P. ostreatus showed the highest (P ≤ 0.05) polysaccharide content, while G. lucidum showed the lowest (P ≤ 0.05). The highest (P ≤ 0.05) total phenolic content (TPC) (3.95 ± 0.05 mg GAE/g DW) and total flavonoid content (TFC) (2.17 ± 0.06 mg CE/g DW) were observed in P. ostreatus. Antioxidant activity measured by DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP methods was higher (P ≤ 0.05) in P. ostreatus and A. bisporus compared to the other two species. Among all the studied mushroom species, G. lucidum showed the highest (P ≤ 0.05) α-amylase (IC50 = 77.51 ± 6.80 µg/mL) and α-glucosidase (IC50 = 0.4113 ± 0.08 µg/mL) inhibition activities. This study reveals the potential of using A. bisporus, G. lucidum, and P. ostreatus for nutritional, functional, and therapeutic uses.
Graphical Abstract
Anxiety and depression among COVID-19 survivors: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Abulsaad Aya Mazen , Sonbol Hassan Mohammed , Elwasify Mahmoud Ahmed , Elboraie Osama Ahmed 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak has spread globally and resulted in physical suffering in addition to its negative effects on mental health. In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, concerns about health, finances, employment, and social isolation all played a role in contributing to its effect on mental health. In this study, we aimed mainly to evaluate depression and anxiety among post-COVID-19 survivors in Egyptian population.

Results
In this study, 150 post-COVID-19 patients were included. The age range was 51.01 years ± 12.6. The prevalence of depression and anxiety were 65.3% and 36% in the COVID-19 patients 1 month after recovery. Female gender and isolation for more than 15 days are significant risk factors for depression, while age less than 50 years old, urban residence, and worry about getting infected again are significant risk factors for anxiety.

Conclusions
Based on the results, we found that COVID-19 recovered patients had a high rate of depression and anxiety. In addition to the emphasis on infection and respiratory symptoms, we need to pay more attention to post-COVID-19 psychiatric symptoms.
The association of physical activity and sedentary behaviour on health-related quality of life: a cross-sectional study from the physical activity at work (PAW) trial
Authors: Akksilp Katika , Müller-Riemenschneider Falk , Teerawattananon Yot , Chen Cynthia 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Introduction
Physical inactivity and sedentary behaviour independently increase morbidity and negatively affect quality of life. This study evaluates the associations between physical activity and sedentary behaviour with health-related quality of life, including the five dimensions of quality of life (mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain or discomfort, and anxiety or depression).

Methods
This cross-sectional study analysed baseline data from Thailand's Physical Activity at Work (PAW) trial. Physical activity data were collected using the ActiGraph™ accelerometer, worn on the right hip for a minimum of three ten-hour workdays. Accelerometer data were then used to categorise participants into: (i) not-sedentary and physically active (the Reference Group), (ii) not-sedentary but inactive, (iii) sedentary but active, and (iv) sedentary and inactive. We employed the EuroQol-5 dimensions questionnaire with five scoring levels (EQ-5D-5L) to measure health-related quality of life. The Thai EQ-5D-5D valuation was utilised to convert the EQ-5D profile into utility index scores (EQ-5D values). Tobit regression models were used to analyse EQ-5D value differences. Moreover, the odds of having problems in each EQ-5D dimension were compared between categories.

Results
277 valid participant data were included. Older age (P = 0.007), higher education (P < 0.001), and higher prevalence of cardiovascular disease (P = 0.032) were observed in participants who were sedentary and physically inactive compared to other groups. We found − 0.0503 (95% CI: − 0.0946–− 0.00597) lower EQ-5D value and 1.39 (95% CI: 1.07–1.79) higher odds of reporting pain or discomfort problems in the sedentary and physically inactive group compared to the Reference Group. We also found 2.12 (95%CI: 1.14–5.40) higher odds of reporting usual activity problems in the not-sedentary but physically inactive group than in the Reference Group.

Discussion
We found further evidence of the potential benefit of higher physical activity levels and lower sedentary time for higher quality of life among healthy office workers in Thailand. Further research with larger cohorts and longitudinal data is needed to establish a stronger foundation for interventions and economic evaluations targeting physical activity promotion to improve quality of life.
Tetralogy of Fallot with restrictive ventricular septal defect by accessory tricuspid valve: repair with accessory valve preservation
Authors: Amano Kenichi , Hirata Yasutaka , Shibata Miyuki , Ono Minoru 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Restrictive ventricular septal defect resulting in suprasystemic right ventricular pressure is a rare entity in tetralogy of Fallot patients. It is often caused by accessory tricuspid valve tissue protruding through the defect. Surgical resection of the accessory tricuspid valve has been recommended, but the risk of tricuspid regurgitation caused by the resection has not been widely discussed.

Case presentation
A 5-month-old male who had been diagnosed with tetralogy of Fallot was referred for progressive decline in oxygen saturation. Preoperative echocardiogram revealed restrictive ventricular septal defect and severe pulmonary stenosis, suggesting suprasystemic right ventricular pressure (> 160 mmHg). Intraoperatively, accessory tricuspid valve tissue was found to be attached to the superior edge of the ventricular septal defect and partially occlude the aortic valve. The risk of tricuspid regurgitation caused by accessory tricuspid valve resection was high due to the complicated relationship between the true tricuspid valve and the accessory tricuspid valve. Therefore, the accessory tricuspid valve was preserved on the right ventricular side of the ventricular septum to avoid the risk of tricuspid regurgitation. Postoperative echocardiogram did not show tricuspid regurgitation or left ventricular outflow tract obstruction, and the patient was discharged to home on postoperative day 35 without major complications.

Conclusions
We herein reported a high-risk patient of tetralogy of Fallot with restrictive ventricular septal defect caused by accessory tricuspid valve who successfully underwent definitive repair with accessory tricuspid valve preservation considering the risk of tricuspid regurgitation.
Description of patient characteristics and medication adherence among medication access mobile application users and nonusers: a single-center questionnaire-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Assiri Ghadah , Alabdulkarim Dalal , Alanazi Asrar , Altamimi Sarah , Alanazi Nadin Lafi , Khawagi Wael 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
In this study, we aimed to describe patient characteristics and medication adherence among medication access mobile application users and nonusers.

Methods
This was a cross-sectional study of a randomly selected sample of patients who refilled their medications either through the mobile application ‘MNG-HA Care’ or by phone call to a government-funded multispecialty hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Data were collected through an online survey and filed either via WhatsApp or by phone call. Medication adherence was assessed using the five-item Medication Adherence Report Scale (MARS-5).

Results
A total of 280 respondents were recruited, and their mean age was 48.8 years (standard deviation (SD): 17.8). More than 75% of application users and nonusers were younger (18–64 years) and lived in urban areas, 58% were male, 37.5% held a bachelor’s degree, and 40% were unemployed. The number of respondents who accessed the mobile application (mobile application users) was 212, and 64.2% of them were adherent to their medications. Sixty-eight of the respondents used a phone call for refills (mobile application nonusers), and 77.9% of them were adherent to their medications. The most common self-reported reasons for using the application were to book an appointment and to request a medication refill. The most common self-reported reasons for not using the application were respondents’ lack of knowledge about the availability of the application and preference for speaking directly to the health care provider. Adjusted multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that medication adherence was not associated with application use (Odds Ratio (OR): 0.65; 95% CI: 0.33–1.29). However, male patients had significantly higher adherence than females (OR 2.68, 95% CI 1.31 to 5.51), and employed patients had significantly lower adherence than unemployed patients (OR 0.37, 95% CI 0.17 to 0.81).

Conclusions
Providing patients with access to their medication list through a mobile application alone did not significantly impact medication adherence. Further research is needed to explore the potential benefits of incorporating additional features, such as medication instructions and reminders within mobile applications, to improve medication adherence.
Clinical and metabolic associations of obesity and body mass index in antipsychotic-naïve first-episode schizophrenia patients and nonadherent chronic patients
Authors: Nadalin Sergej , Peitl Vjekoslav , Karlović Dalibor , Sučić Petra , Zatković Lena , Buretić-Tomljanović Alena 
Published: October 2023

Aim of the studyWe investigated the association between obesity and body mass index (BMI) with Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) psychopathology, age at disease onset, and parameters linked to the metabolic syndrome (fasting plasma lipid and glucose levels), among antipsychotic-naïve first-episode schizophrenia (AN-FES) patients and nonadherent chronic schizophrenia individuals.Subject or material and methodsWe recruited a total of 187 AN-FES patients or nonadherent chronic individuals for this study. Clinical and anthropometric data together with plasma lipid and glucose parameters were collected immediately after patients’ admission to the hospital. Patients were classified as obese with body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30, or as non-obese if overweight (BMI: 25 – 29.9) or of normal body weight (BMI: 18.5 – 24.9).ResultsAfter controlling for the possible confounders we found that only BMI significantly predicted clinical and metabolic variables. Among AN-FES patients, higher BMI values predicted lower levels of HDL cholesterol (HDL-c), and higher ratios for LDL cholesterol (LDL-c)/HDL-c and triglyceride/HDL-c, while among nonadherent individuals, higher BMI values predicted higher number of psychotic episodes, and lower PANSS general psychopathology scores. The contribution of BMI ranged from approximately 5.8% to 29.6%, with the lowest contribution observed for number of psychotic episodes, and the highest contribution for the LDL-c/HDL-c ratio.DiscussionOur results indicate that AN-FES patients and nonadherent chronic patients differed in the effects of BMI.ConclusionsHigher BMI contributes to an increased risk for dyslipidemia among AN-FES patients and to the higher number of psychotic episodes, and less severe clinical psychopathology among nonadherent chronic schizophrenia individuals.
Fusion after a failed primary total ankle arthroplasty
Authors: Jennison Toby , Ukoumunne Obioha C. , Lamb Sallie , Sharpe Ian , Goldberg Andrew J. 
Published: October 2023

AimsWhen a total ankle arthroplasty (TAA) fails, it can be converted to a fusion or a revision arthroplasty. Despite the increasing numbers of TAAs being undertaken, there is little information in the literature about the management of patients undergoing fusion following a failed TAA. The primary aim of this study was to analyze the survival of fusions following a failed TAA using a large dataset from the National Joint Registry (NJR).MethodsA data linkage study combined NJR and NHS Digital data. Failure of a TAA was defined as a fusion, revision to a further TAA, or amputation. Life tables and Kaplan-Meier graphs were used to record survival. Cox proportional hazards regression models were fitted to compare the rates of failure.ResultsA total of 131 patients underwent fusion as a salvage procedure following TAA. Their mean age was 65.7 years (SD 10.6) and 73 (55.7%) were male. The mean follow-up was 47.5 months (SD 27.2). The mean time between TAA and fusion was 5.3 years (SD 2.7). Overall, 32 (24.4%) underwent reoperations other than revision and 29 (22.1%) failed. Of these 24 (18.3%) underwent revision of the fusion and five (3.8%) had a below-knee amputation. No patients underwent conversion to a further TAA. Failure usually occurred in the first three postoperative years with one-year survival of fusion being 96.0% (95% confidence interval (CI) 90.7 to 98.3) and three-year survival in 69 patients being 77.5% (95% CI 68.3 to 84.4).ConclusionSalvage fusion after a failed TAA shows moderate rates of failure and reoperations. Nearly 25% of patients required revision within three years. This study is an extension of studies using the same methodology reporting the failure rates and risk factors for failure, which have recently been published, and also one reporting the outcome of revision TAA for a failed primary TAA, using the same methodology, which will shortly be published.Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2023;105-B(10):1094–1098.