bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
T‐cell receptor Vβ gene usage by T cells reactive with the tumor‐rejection antigen SART‐1 in oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Kumamaru Wataru , Nakamura Seiji , Kadena Tsutomu , Yamada Akira , Kawamura Eiji , Sasaki Masanori , Ohyama Yukiko , Toyoshima Takeshi , Hayashida Jun‐nosuke , Itoh Kyogo , Shirasuna Kanemitsu 
Published: December 2003

AbstractWe recently described that the SART‐1690–698 peptide could induce HLA‐A24‐restricted cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), which recognize the SART‐1 tumor cells from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of HLA‐A24+ cancer patients. In our study, in 5 of 14 HLA‐A24+ patients with oral squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs), CTLs could be induced with the SART‐1690–698 peptide from the PBMCs. In 2 of the patients from whom the highest CTL activities were induced, the T‐cell receptor (TCR) Vβ repertoire expressed by the SART‐1690–698‐specific CTLs was found to be restricted and multiple Vβ families were predominantly expressed in each patient. Although the predominant Vβ families were different between the 2 patients, Vβ7 was highly and commonly predominant. The same predominant Vβ families were also detected in the tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) from each patient, and each Vβ family contained one or more unique T‐cell clonotypes. The unique T‐cell clonotypes were found to be common between the TILs and SART‐1690–698‐specific CTLs from each patient, and especially 2 T‐cell clonotypes with Vβ7 were identical even in the 2 patients. One of the 2 T‐cell clonotypes with Vβ7 was detected in the TILs from 11 of 14 HLA‐A24+ patients and another was found in those from 8 of HLA‐A24+ patients, while none of 10 HLA‐A24− patients demonstrated both T‐cell clonotypes. These results strongly suggest that the T‐cell clonotypes with Vβ7 are major TCR Vβ genes expressed by SART‐1690–698‐specific CTLs. Furthermore, autologous tumor cells from one of the HLA‐A24+ patients stimulated the PBMCs and regional lymph node cells (LNCs) to expand the same T‐cell clonotypes as those in the SART‐1690–698‐specific CTLs. These results strongly suggest that the SART‐1690–698‐specific CTLs clearly accumulate in vivo, especially in the TILs, as a consequence of in situ antigenic stimulation by autologous tumor cells. The identification of the unique TCR Vβ genes used by SART‐1259‐specific CTLs should help to improve the diagnosis of the specific immune response in patients with SART‐1 cancers, especially during anticancer immunotherapy. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Improved immunogenicity of a self tumor antigen by covalent linkage to CD40 ligand
Authors: Huang Hsing‐I , Wu Ping‐Yi , Teo Chin‐Yee , Chen Min‐Nan , Chen Yi‐Chau , Silin Dmytro , Tao Mi‐Hua 
Published: December 2003

AbstractThe interaction between the CD40 ligand (CD40L) and CD40 on antigen‐presenting cells (APCs) is critical in promoting humoral and cellular immune responses. Agonistic anti‐CD40 monoclonal antibody and soluble CD40L can act as powerful adjuvants to promote vaccination, but usually require repeated high‐dose treatment. In this study, we demonstrate that the adjuvant effect of CD40L can be greatly improved by directly linking the antigen to CD40L. We constructed a fusion protein (Id‐CD40L) consisting of the extracellular domain of CD40L and the idiotype (Id) protein, a weakly immunogenic tumor‐specific antigen derived from the murine 38C13 B‐cell lymphoma. The soluble Id‐CD40L fusion protein retained CD40 binding activity and stimulated CD80 and CD86 upregulation and interleukin (IL)‐12 production by macrophages. Immunization of mice with Id‐CD40L without adjuvants resulted in high titers of anti‐Id Abs dominated by the IgG1 isotype and protected the mice from subsequent lethal tumor challenge. In a dose‐response study, we demonstrated that Id‐CD40L elicited anti‐Id antibody (Ab) responses in all immunized animals, even at a dose as low as 0.5 μg. Immunization with free Id and an IgG‐CD40L fusion protein, which was identical in structure to Id‐CD40L but lost the Id determinant, resulted in significant lower anti‐Id responses, indicating that physical linkage between the tumor antigen and CD40L was required for the optimal immune response. These results demonstrate that fusing CD40L to a candidate antigen can greatly improve the adjuvant activity of CD40L. This approach may be useful in developing vaccines for a variety of malignant and infectious diseases. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Loading mitomycin C inside long circulating hyaluronan targeted nano‐liposomes increases its antitumor activity in three mice tumor models
Authors: Peer Dan , Margalit Rimona 
Published: December 2003

AbstractThe frequent overexpression of the hyaluronan receptors CD44 and RHAMM in cancer cells opens the door for targeting by the naturally‐occurring high‐Mr hyaluronan. This is the first time effective in vivo tumor targeting is reported for mitomycin C (MMC) loaded inside nano‐sized hyaluronan‐liposomes (denoted tHA‐LIP). The severe adverse effects of free MMC made it a rational candidate for an effective targeted carrier. In vitro, loading MMC inside tHA‐LIP increased drug potency 100‐fold, in cells overexpressing, but not in cells underexpressing, hyaluronan receptors. Both types of liposomes were non‐toxic and reduced MMC‐related toxicity in healthy C57BL/6 mice. In 3 tumor models, BALB/c bearing C‐26 solid tumors; C57BL/6 bearing B16F10.9 or (separately) D122 lung metastasis, tHA‐LIP were long‐circulating, 7‐fold and 70‐fold longer than nt‐LIP and free MMC, respectively. tHA‐LIP‐mediated MMC accumulation in tumor‐bearing lungs was 20% of injected dose, compared to 0.6% and 4% with free drug and nt‐LIP, respectively. Tumor‐free lungs showed low accumulation, irrespective of drug formulation. Key indicators of therapeutic responses, tumor progression, metastatic burden and survival, were superior (p < 0.001) in animals receiving MMC‐loaded tHA‐LIP, no treatment, MMC‐loaded nt‐LIP and free drug. In conclusion, tHA‐LIP perform as tumor‐targeted carriers, with promising prospects for treatment of tumors overexpressing hyaluronan receptors. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Evaluation of the ability of digital infrared imaging to detect vascular changes in experimental animal tumours
Authors: Xie Wei , McCahon Pip , Jakobsen Karen , Parish Christopher 
Published: December 2003

AbstractInfrared imaging has frequently been used in the past to detect changes in skin surface temperature associated with breast cancer. Usually a 1–2°C elevation in skin surface temperature is observed at the tumour periphery, and it has been proposed that this change is due to hypervascularity resulting from tumour‐associated angiogenesis. In our study, we used the rat mammary adenocarcinoma 13762 MAT, a tumour that has been used to identify antiangiogenic drugs, to investigate whether infrared imaging can detect angiogenesis in malignant tumours. If successful, it was hoped that this technique would represent a simple, noninvasive, procedure for monitoring the activity of antiangiogenic drugs. It was found that, unlike breast cancer patients, no tumour‐associated increase in skin surface temperature was observed, but a constant and highly significant reduction in temperature was noted that was independent of tumour size and was produced by relatively small tumours (≥ 0.5 cm in diameter). The explanation for this effect is unclear but it may be due to the poorly vascularised nature of rapidly growing tumours. Nevertheless, our study indicates that the peripheral temperature elevation reported in breast cancer patients is unlikely to be due to hypervascularity resulting from tumour‐induced angiogenesis. An alternative explanation is that the temperature increase is due to a chronic inflammatory response around developing breast tumours. With increasing evidence that inflammation can enhance tumour growth and is associated with a poor prognosis, this suggestion implies that infrared imaging may have considerable prognostic value. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Grape seed extract inhibits advanced human prostate tumor growth and angiogenesis and upregulates insulin‐like growth factor binding protein‐3
Authors: Singh Rana P. , Tyagi Anil K. , Dhanalakshmi Sivanandhan , Agarwal Rajesh , Agarwal Chapla 
Published: December 2003

AbstractDietary intake of many fruits and vegetables has been shown to be associated with reduced risk of cancer. We investigated the in vivo efficacy of grape seed extract (GSE, patented as Traconol) against prostate cancer (PCA) and associated molecular events. Athymic nude mice were implanted with hormone‐refractory human prostate carcinoma DU145 cells and fed with 100 and 200 mg/kg/day (5 days/week) doses of GSE for 7 weeks. At the end of experiment, tumors were immunohistochemically analyzed for cell proliferation, apoptosis and angiogenesis. Our data show that GSE feeding strongly inhibited tumor growth that accounted for 59–73% (p < 0.001) inhibition in tumor volume and 37–47% (p < 0.05) decrease in tumor weight at the end of the experiment. It did not show any significant change in body weight gain profile and diet consumption. Immunohistochemical analysis of tumors showed that GSE decreases proliferation index by 51–66% (p < 0.001) and increases apoptotic index by 3–4‐fold (p < 0.001). CD31 staining for endothelial cells, showed decrease in intratumoral microvasculature in GSE‐fed group of mice. Control tumors showed 64.0 ± 1.6 CD31 positive cells/400× field compared to 23.2 ± 0.9 and 15.7 ± 0.08 (p < 0.001) CD31 positive cells in 100 and 200 mg/kg doses of GSE‐treated tumors, respectively. GSE strongly inhibited (47–70%, p < 0.05) vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) secretion in conditioned medium by DU145 cells. Recently, the circulating level of insulin‐like growth factor binding protein (IGFBP)‐3 is shown to inversely related with PCA risk, growth and prognosis. Consistent with this, we observed 6–7‐fold (p < 0.001) increase in tumor‐secreted levels of IGFBP‐3 after GSE feeding. In other immunohistochemical studies, compared to controls, tumor xenografts from GSE‐fed groups of mice showed a moderate decrease in VEGF but an increase in IGFBP‐3 levels. These findings suggest that GSE possesses in vivo anticancer efficacy against hormone‐refractory human PCA, which is associated with its antiproliferative, proapoptotic and antiangiogenic activities together with upregulation of IGFBP‐3. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Non‐attendance in breast cancer screening is associated with unfavourable socio‐economic circumstances and advanced carcinoma
Authors: Zackrisson Sophia , Andersson Ingvar , Manjer Jonas , Janzon Lars 
Published: December 2003

AbstractOur first objective was to assess changes in non‐attendance, proportion of advanced breast cancer and survival in Malmö Mammographic Service Screening Program, MMSSP, compared to a former trial, Malmö Mammographic Screening Trial, MMST. Our second objective was to describe non‐attenders in MMSSP in socio‐economic terms and risk for advanced breast cancer compared to attenders. Information from hospital and national registers was used to identify 33,800 women invited to service screening in MMSSP 1990–93. Attendance rates at first screening, the proportion of advanced breast cancers (Stage II–IV) and survival among non‐attenders in MMSSP were compared to the non‐attenders and with the control group of the former trial, MMST. Various socio‐economic factors were assessed as potential predictors of non‐attendance in MMSSP. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were computed. Incidence of breast cancer during a 10‐year‐period, relative risks and 95% CI among non‐attenders compared to attenders in MMSSP were computed. Attendance rates were significantly lower in MMSSP but a lower proportion of advanced breast cancers and a somewhat better survival among breast cancer cases (not significant) was seen in non‐attenders in MMSSP compared to MMST. In MMSSP non‐attendance was associated with being unmarried, being born abroad, being not currently employed, crowded housing conditions and low income. Incidence of advanced breast cancer was significantly higher among non‐attenders than among attenders. Attendance has decreased over time and potential reasons are discussed. Stage distribution and survival among non‐attenders seem to have improved. Several socio‐economic factors predict non‐attendance and non‐attenders are at higher risk for advanced breast cancer. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Protein identification by peptide mass fingerprinting and peptide sequence tagging with alternating scans of nano‐liquid chromatography/infrared multiphoton dissociation Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry
Authors: Kosaka Toshiyuki , Yoneyama‐Takazawa Tomoko , Kubota Kazuishi , Matsuoka Tatsuji , Sato Ikuya , Sasaki Takamitsu , Tanaka Yorihisa 
Published: December 2003

AbstractWe have developed a method for protein identification with peptide mass fingerprinting and sequence tagging using nano liquid chromatography (LC)/Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FTICR‐MS). To achieve greater sensitivity, a nanoelectrospray (nano‐ES) needle packed with reversed‐phase medium was used and connected to the nano‐ES ion source of the FTICR mass spectrometer. To obtain peptide sequence tag information, infrared multiphoton dissociation (IRMPD) was carried out in nano‐LC/FTICR‐MS analysis. The analysis involves alternating nano‐ES/FTICR‐MS and nano‐ES/IRMPD‐FTICR‐MS scans during a single LC run, which provides sets of parent and fragment ion masses of the proteolytic digest. The utility of this alternating‐scan nano‐LC/IRMPD‐FTICR‐MS approach was evaluated by using bovine serum albumin as a standard protein. We applied this approach to the protein identification of rat liver diacetyl‐reducing enzyme. It was demonstrated that this enzyme was correctly identified as 3‐α‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase by the alternating‐scan nano‐LC/IRMPD‐FTICR‐MS approach with accurate peptide mass fingerprinting and peptide sequence tagging. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identification of anthraquinone coloring matters in natural red dyes by electrospray mass spectrometry coupled to capillary electrophoresis
Authors: Puchalska Maria , Orlińska Magdalena , Ackacha Mohamed A. , Połeć‐Pawlak Kasia , Jarosz Maciej 
Published: December 2003

AbstractCapillary electrophoresis with UV/visible diode‐array detection (DAD) and electrospray mass spectrometric (ESI‐MS) detection were used for the identification of anthraquinone color components of cochineal, lac‐dye and madder, natural red dyestuffs often used by ancient painters. For the purpose of such analysis, ESI‐MS was found to be a much more appropriate detection technique than DAD one owing to its higher sensitivity (detection limits in the range 0.1–0.5 µg ml−1) and selectivity. The method developed made it possible to identify unequivocally carminic acid and laccaic acids A, B and E as coloring matters in the examined preparations of cochineal and lac‐dye, respectively. In madder, EuropeanRubia tinctorum, alizarin and purpurin were found. The method allows the rapid, direct and straightforward identification and quantification of components of natural products used in art and could be very helpful in restoration and conservation procedures. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Neuroprotective functions of prion protein
Authors: Roucou Xavier , Gains Malcolm , LeBlanc Andréa C. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractThe normal function of prion protein (PrP) is usually disregarded at the expense of the more fascinating role of PrP in transmissible prion diseases. However, the normal PrP may play an important role in cellular function in the central nervous system, since PrP is highly expressed in neurons and motifs in the sequence of PrP are conserved in evolution. The finding that prion null mice do not have a significant overt phenotype suggests that the normal function of PrP is of minor importance. However, the absence of PrP in cells or in vivo contributes to an increased susceptibility to oxidative stress or apoptosis‐inducing insults. An alternative explanation is that the PrP normal function is so important that it is redundant. Probing into the characteristics of PrP has revealed a number of features that could mediate important cellular functions. The neuroprotective actions so far identified with PrP are initiated through cell surface signaling, antioxidant activity, or anti‐Bax function. Here, we review the characteristics of the PrP and the evidence that PrP protects against neurodegeneration and neuronal cell death. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Short‐range axonal/dendritic transport by myosin‐V: A model for vesicle delivery to the synapse
Authors: Brown Jeremiah R. , Stafford Phillip , Langford George M. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractMyosin‐V is a versatile motor involved in short‐range axonal/dendritic transport of vesicles in the actin‐rich cortex and synaptic regions of nerve cells. It binds to several different kinds of neuronal vesicles by its globular tail domain but the mechanism by which it is recruited to these vesicles is not known. In this study, we used an in vitro motility assay derived from axoplasm of the squid giant axon to study the effects of the globular tail domain on the transport of neuronal vesicles. We found that the globular tail fragment of myosin‐V inhibited actin‐based vesicle transport by displacing native myosin‐V and binding to vesicles. The globular tail domain pulled down kinesin, a known binding partner of myosin‐V, in affinity isolation experiments. These data confirmed earlier evidence that kinesin and myosin‐V interact to form a hetero‐motor complex. The formation of a kinesin/myosin‐V hetero‐motor complex on vesicles is thought to facilitate the coordination of long‐range movement on microtubules and short‐range movement on actin filaments. The direct interaction of motors from both filament systems may represent the mechanism by which the transition of vesicles from microtubules to actin filaments is regulated. These results are the first demonstration that the recombinant tail of myosin‐V inhibits vesicle transport in an in vitro motility assay. Future experiments are designed to determine the functional significance of the interaction between myosin‐V and kinesin and to identify other proteins that bind to the globular tail domain of myosin‐V. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Neurobiol 58: 175–188, 2004
Myosin‐dependent transport in neurons
Authors: Bridgman Paul C. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractAxonal transport in neurons has been shown to be microtubule dependent, driven by the molecular motor proteins kinesin and dynein. However, organelles undergoing fast transport can often pause or rapidly change directions without apparent dissociation from their transport tracks. Cytoskeletal polymers such as neurofilaments and microtubules have also been shown to make infrequent but rapid movements in axons indicating that their transport is likely to involve molecular motors. In addition, neurons have multiple compartments that are devoid of microtubules where transport of organelles is still seen to occur. These areas are rich in other cytoskeletal polymers such as actin filaments. Transported organelles have been shown to associate with multiple motor proteins including myosins. This suggests that nonmicrotubule‐based transport may be myosin driven. In this review we will focus our attention on myosin motors known to be present in neurons and evaluate the evidence that they contribute to transport or other functions in the different compartments of the neuron. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Neurobiol 58: 164–174, 2004
Thermal degradation kinetics and lifetime prediction of a luminescent conducting polymer
Authors: Wang Huimin , Tao Xiaoming , Newton Edward 
Published: December 2003

AbstractThe thermal stability, degradation kinetics and lifetime‐prediction of a luminescent conducting polymer, poly[2‐methoxy‐5‐(2‐ethylhexyloxy)‐1,4‐phenylenevinylene] (MEH‐PPV), are investigated. The derivative thermogravimetry curves indicate a double‐stage decomposition process in a nitrogen atmosphere, and a multi‐stage decomposition process in an air atmosphere. The apparent activation energy values of MEH‐PPV are higher in nitrogen than in air. Activation energies slightly increase and are then approximately stable in nitrogen for the initial mass loss, while the activation energy changes differently with the percentage mass loss in air. The activation energy decreases for the initial mass loss and increases with mass loss when the mass loss is above 30%; beyond 70% it decreases again. The lifetime of MEH‐PPV decreases dramatically from 106 min to 0.03 min as the temperature increases from 25 °C to 300 °C in air. The lifetime is longer in nitrogen than in air and decreases from 1014 min to 2.34 min with increasing the temperature from 25 °C to 300 °C in nitrogen. These lifetime parameters indicate that the service/process temperature has a strong influence on the luminescence of MEH‐PPV. The maximum absorption and wavelength at maximum absorption of MEH‐PPV decrease with increasing temperature in the visible region. Copyright © 2003 Society of Chemical Industry
Improved high‐temperature performance of iron (II) complexes for ethylene polymerization by variation of aluminoxanes
Authors: Yang Huaxiang , Wang Qi , Fan Zhiqiang , Xu Hong 
Published: December 2003

AbstractModification of ethyl‐iso‐butylaluminoxanes (EBAOs) with alkyl boronic acid resulted in different co‐catalytic performances when combined with iron complexes for ethylene polymerization, in particular the preferred high‐temperature performance. The changes in polymerization activity and molecular weight distribution of the resulting polymer derived from the variation of aluminoxane were investigated. The varying performance of the iron complex with different aluminoxanes has proved that the interaction between the late transition metal complex and aluminoxane greatly affects the performance of such bicomponent catalyst systems Copyright © 2003 Society of Chemical Industry
Swelling behaviour of a new kind of polyampholyte hydrogel composed of dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate and acrylic acid
Authors: Zhai Maolin , Chen Yanfeng , Yi Min , Ha Hongfei 
Published: December 2003

AbstractPoly[(dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate)‐co‐(acrylic acid)] [poly(DMAEMA‐co‐AAc)] hydrogels have been synthesized by UV‐induced copolymerization of dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA) and acrylic acid monomer. The effects of pH and ionic strength on the swelling behaviour of poly(DMAEMA‐co‐AAc) hydrogels were investigated in detail. It was found that there is minimal equilibrium swelling ratio (ESR) for the hydrogels with the change of pH, and the pH at minimal ESR of the hydrogels was defined by the isoelectric points (IEP), similar to the situation with protein molecules. The IEP of the hydrogels shifted to higher values with increase in the DMAEMA content in the hydrogels. Antipolyelectrolyte behaviour of the hydrogels at a pH near the IEP was observed as well, and the ESR increased with increasing ionic strength. The study of swelling kinetics of the hydrogels showed that the swelling process was Fickian at the IEP and non‐Fickian when the pH deviated from the IEP. Copyright © 2003 Society of Chemical Industry