bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Communal nesting differentially attenuates the impact of pre-weaning social isolation on behavior in male and female rats during adolescence and adulthood
Authors: Bratzu Jessica , Ciscato Maria , Pisanu Augusta , Talani Giuseppe , Frau Roberto , Porcu Patrizia , Diana Marco , Fumagalli Fabio , Romualdi Patrizia , Rullo Laura , Trezza Viviana , Ciccocioppo Roberto , Sanna Fabrizio , Fattore Liana 
Published: October 2023

IntroductionEarly social isolation (ESI) disrupts neurodevelopmental processes, potentially leading to long-lasting emotional and cognitive changes in adulthood. Communal nesting (CN), i.e., the sharing of parental responsibilities between multiple individuals in a nest, creates a socially enriching environment known to impact social and anxiety-related behaviors.MethodsThis study examines the effects of (i) the CN condition and of (ii) ESI during the 3rd week of life (i.e., pre-weaning ESI) on motor, cognitive, and emotional domains during adolescence and adulthood in male and female rats reared in the two different housing conditions, as well as (iii) the potential of CN to mitigate the impact of ESI on offspring.ResultsWe found that in a spontaneous locomotor activity test, females exhibited higher activity levels compared to males. In female groups, adolescents reared in standard housing (SH) condition spent less time in the center of the arena, suggestive of increased anxiety levels, while the CN condition increased the time spent in the center during adolescence, but not adulthood, independently from ESI. The prepulse inhibition (PPI) test showed a reduced PPI in ESI adolescent animals of both sexes and in adult males (but not in adult females), with CN restoring PPI in males, but not in adolescent females. Further, in the marble burying test SH-ESI adolescent males exhibited higher marble burying behavior than all other groups, suggestive of obsessive-compulsive traits. CN completely reversed this stress-induced effect. Interestingly, ESI and CN did not have a significant impact on burying behavior in adult animals of both sexes.DiscussionOverall, our findings (i) assess the effects of ESI on locomotion, sensorimotor gating, and compulsive-like behaviors, (ii) reveal distinct vulnerabilities of males and females within these domains, and (iii) show how early-life social enrichment may successfully counteract some of the behavioral alterations induced by early-life social stress in a sex-dependent manner. This study strengthens the notion that social experiences during early-life can shape emotional and cognitive outcomes in adulthood, and points to the importance of social enrichment interventions for mitigating the negative effects of early social stress on neurodevelopment.
Is increased activation in the fusiform face area to Greebles a result of appropriate expertise training or caused by Greebles' face likeness?
Authors: Liu Kuo , Chen Chiu-Yueh , Wang Le-Si , Jo Hanshin , Kung Chun-Chia 
Published: October 2023

BackgroundIn 2011, Brants et al. trained eight individuals to become Greeble experts and found neuronal inversion effects [NIEs; i.e., higher fusiform face area (FFA) activity for upright, rather than inverted Greebles]. These effects were also found for faces, both before and after training. By claiming to have replicated the seminal Greeble training study by Gauthier and colleagues in 1999, Brants et al. interpreted these results as participants viewing Greebles as faces throughout training, contrary to the original argument of subjects becoming Greeble experts only after training. However, Brants et al.'s claim presents two issues. First, their behavioral training results did not replicate those of Gauthier and Tarr conducted in 1997 and 1998, raising concerns of whether the right training regime had been adopted. Second, both a literature review and meta-analysis of NIEs in the FFA suggest its impotency as an index of the face(-like) processing.ObjectivesTo empirically evaluate these issues, the present study compared two documented training paradigms Gauthier and colleagues in 1997 and 1998, and compared their impact on the brain.MethodsSixteen NCKU undergraduate and graduate students (nine girls) were recruited. Sixty Greeble exemplars were categorized by two genders, five families, and six individual levels. The participants were randomly divided into two groups (one for Greeble classification at all three levels and the other for gender- and individual-level training). Several fMRI tasks were administered at various time points, specifically, before training (1st), during training (2nd), and typically no &lt;24 h after reaching expertise criterion (3rd).ResultsThe ROI analysis results showed significant increases in the FFA for Greebles, and a clear neural “adaptation,” both only in the Gauthier97 group and only after training, reflecting clear modulation of extensive experiences following an “appropriate” training regime. In both groups, no clear NIEs for faces nor Greebles were found, which was also in line with the review of extant studies bearing this comparison.ConclusionCollectively, these results invalidate the assumptions behind Brants et al.'s findings.
A shift of brain network hub after spinal cord injury
Authors: Matsubayashi Kohei , Shinozaki Munehisa , Hata Junichi , Komaki Yuji , Nagoshi Narihito , Tsuji Osahiko , Fujiyoshi Kanehiro , Nakamura Masaya , Okano Hideyuki 
Published: October 2023

BackgroundSpinal cord injury (SCI) causes severe sequelae and significant social loss, depending on the extent of the damage. Most previous studies have focused on the pathology of the spinal cord to develop treatments for SCI. However, it is now known that the brain, which is not directly damaged, also undergoes morphological changes after spinal cord injury, which could affect natural recovery and treatment. In recent years, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been developed to analyze functional changes in the brain. Resting-state functional MRI (rsfMRI), which captures brain activity at rest, can calculate functional connections between brain areas and identify central hubs by network analysis.PurposeWe aim to investigate functional connectivity in the brain using rsfMRI after SCI and to determine how brain-network main hubs change over time.MethodsWe evaluated rsfMRI in 10 mice of the contusional SCI model and calculated connectivity using graph theory. We evaluated “centrality,” a representative parameter of network analysis. The subtype of centrality was degree centrality, which indicates the hub function of a single area. The five times of rsfMRI were performed in each individual mouse: before injury and at 1, 3, 7, and 14 weeks post-injury.ResultsBefore the injury, the degree centralities of the primary and secondary motor cortex were high, suggesting that these motor cortices served as main hubs for motor function. After SCI, the hub function of the motor cortices decreased by 14 weeks. In contrast, hub function in the external capsule and the putamen comparatively increased with time after injury, suggesting that the extrapyramidal/subcortical system, which runs the ventral side of the spinal cord and remains after injury in this model, becomes dominant.ConclusionWe demonstrated the shift of the brain network hub after SCI. The results of this study provide basic information for understanding brain network changes after SCI and would be useful for treatment selection and evaluation of its efficacy in SCI patients.
Association between radiotherapy and prognosis in patients with small cell carcinoma of the bladder undergoing bladder-sparing surgery
Authors: Liang Fuchao , Zhou Fei , Qian Xiaoyuan , Qin Linghui , Wang Jiange , Ding Chen , Kuniduzi Yasen , Zhang Xuejun , Fan Lianming 
Published: October 2023

BackgroundSmall cell carcinoma of the bladder is rare and has a poor prognosis. This study aimed to investigate whether radiotherapy after bladder-sparing surgery could improve the survival benefits of patients.MethodsThis population-based retrospective cohort study used data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results cohort in the United States to investigate small cell carcinoma of the bladder. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were used to identify significant risk factors influencing the clinical prognosis. A propensity score matching (PSM) algorithm was used to reduce the interference of confounding factors in each study group. The matched groups underwent Kaplan–Meier survival analysis to assess the potential survival benefits.ResultsUnivariate regression analysis demonstrated that age (P&lt;0.001), tumour stage (T stage) (P=0.005), node stage (N stage) (P&lt;0.001), chemotherapy (P&lt;0.001), bone metastasis (P&lt;0.001), liver metastasis (P&lt;0.001), lung metastasis (P=0.005), tumour size (P=0.005), and radiotherapy (P&lt;0.001) were related factors affecting survival. Multivariate regression analysis revealed that age (P=0.001), T stage (P=0.054), N stage (P&lt;0.001), radiotherapy (P=0.010), chemotherapy (P&lt;0.001), bone metastasis (P=0.007), and liver metastasis (P&lt;0.001) were independent factors affecting survival. Moreover, survival analysis was performed on the PSM-matched groups, leading to the following findings: (1) the radiotherapy group exhibited a superior survival prognosis compared with the non-radiotherapy group (P&lt;0.001); (2) the survival prognosis of individuals who underwent radiotherapy and chemotherapy was higher than that of those who underwent chemotherapy alone (P&lt;0.001).ConclusionThe findings of this study suggest that radiotherapy improves survival benefits for patients with small cell carcinoma of the bladder who undergo bladder-sparing surgery. Furthermore, radiotherapy combined with chemotherapy demonstrates a greater survival benefit compared with chemotherapy alone. The results underscore the importance of considering radiotherapy as a valuable treatment option for such patients, highlighting its potential benefits in improving their overall prognosis.
Navigation path extraction for inter-row robots in Panax notoginseng shade house based on Im-YOLOv5s
Authors: Tan Yu , Su Wei , Zhao Lijun , Lai Qinghui , Wang Chenglin , Jiang Jin , Wang Yongjie , Li Peihang 
Published: October 2023

IntroductionThe accurate extraction of navigation paths is crucial for the automated navigation of agricultural robots. Navigation line extraction in complex environments such as Panax notoginseng shade house can be challenging due to factors including similar colors between the fork rows and soil, and the shadows cast by shade nets.MethodsIn this paper, we propose a new method for navigation line extraction based on deep learning and least squares (DL-LS) algorithms. We improve the YOLOv5s algorithm by introducing MobileNetv3 and ECANet. The trained model detects the seven-fork roots in the effective area between rows and uses the root point substitution method to determine the coordinates of the localization base points of the seven-fork root points. The seven-fork column lines on both sides of the plant monopoly are fitted using the least squares method.ResultsThe experimental results indicate that Im-YOLOv5s achieves higher detection performance than other detection models. Through these improvements, Im-YOLOv5s achieves a mAP (mean Average Precision) of 94.9%. Compared to YOLOv5s, Im-YOLOv5s improves the average accuracy and frame rate by 1.9% and 27.7%, respectively, and the weight size is reduced by 47.9%. The results also reveal the ability of DL-LS to accurately extract seven-fork row lines, with a maximum deviation of the navigation baseline row direction of 1.64°, meeting the requirements of robot navigation line extraction.DiscussionThe results shows that compared to existing models, this model is more effective in detecting the seven-fork roots in images, and the computational complexity of the model is smaller. Our proposed method provides a basis for the intelligent mechanization of Panax notoginseng planting.
Gender diversity and syphilis: something's going on?
Authors: de Dios-Aguado Mercedes , Cunha-Oliveira Aliete , Cotto-Andino Maylene , Gama de Sousa Aperibense Pacita Geovana , de Almeida Peres Maria Angélica , Gómez-Cantarino Sagrario 
Published: October 2023

IntroductionThis study aims to analyze the influence of syphilis among people with sexual and gender diversity, different from the binary dimension.Materials and methodsA systematic review was conducted as a method to address the objective of the study, based on the Dialectical Structural Model of Care (DSM), to obtain the phenomenon from the perspective of cultural history.ResultsIn this review the analysis of 129 documents, of which 22 texts were used. The construction of sex and gender in Western civilization is based on the Judeo-Christian tradition, which permitted many people throughout history to be persecuted and mistreated for living a lifestyle different from that dictated by religious and traditional canons. Therefore, throughout history, gender-diverse people, sexual minorities, and prostitutes have suffered segregation, mockery, aggression, and health problems, including syphilis.ConclusionsDespite having a treatment and cure, syphilis has stood the test of time and has remained a secret pathology that is obscure and difficult to detect disease, which is still very much present in people of all social classes. It is necessary to review history to understand the reasons why syphilis is still prevalent in different societies today.
Phonon Characteristics of Gas-Source Molecular Beam Epitaxy-Grown InAs1−xNx/InP (001) with Identification of Si, Mg and C Impurities in InAs and InN
Authors: Talwar Devki N. , Yang Tzuen-Rong , Lin Hao-Hsiung 
Published: October 2023

The lattice dynamical properties of dilute InAs1−xNx/InP (001) epilayers (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.03) grown by gas-source molecular beam epitaxy were carefully studied experimentally and theoretically. A high-resolution Brüker IFS 120 v/S spectrometer was employed to measure the room-temperature infrared reflectivity (IRR) spectra at near-normal incidence (θi = 0). The results in the frequency range of 180–500 cm−1 revealed accurate values of the characteristic In-As-like and In-N-like vibrational modes. For InAs1−xNx alloys, a classical “Drude–Lorentz” model was constructed to obtain the dielectric functions ε~ω in the far IR regions by incorporating InAs-like and InN-like transverse optical ωTO modes. Longitudinal optical ωLO phonons were achieved from the imaginary parts of the simulated dielectric loss functions. The theoretical results of IRR spectra for InAs1−xNx/InP (001) epilayers using a multi-layer optics methodology provided a very good agreement with the experimental data. At oblique incidence (θi ≠ 0), our study of s- and p-polarized reflectance (Rs,p(ω)) and transmission (Ts,p(ω)) spectra allowed the simultaneous perception of the ωTO and ωLO phonons of the InAs, InN and InAs0.97N0.03 layers. Based on the average t-matrix Green’s function theory, the results of local vibrational modes for light SiIn+ donors and SiAs−, CAs− acceptors in InAs were found in good agreement with the existing Raman scattering and infrared spectroscopy data. InInN, however, the method predicted an in-band mode for the MgIn− acceptor while projecting an impurity mode of the SiIn+ donor to appear just above the maximum ωmaxInN[≡595 cm−1] phonon frequency region. In InAs1−xNx/InP (001) epifilms, the comparison of reflectivity/transmission spectra with experiments and the predictions of impurity modes for isoelectronic donor and acceptor impurities in InAs and InN can be valuable for appraising the role of defects in other technologically important semiconductors.
On the approximation of functions by means of the operators of binomial type of Tiberiu Popoviciu
Authors: Stancu Dimitrie D. 
Published: October 2023

In 1931, Tiberiu Popoviciu has initiated a procedure for the construction of sequences of linear positive operators of approximation. By using the theory of polynomials of binomial type \((p_m)\) he has associated to a function \(f\in C[0,1]\) a linear operator defined by the formula\[\left( T_m f\right) (x) = \tfrac{1}{p_m(1)} \textstyle\sum\limits _{k=0} ^m \tbinom{m}{k}p_k (x) p_{m-k} (1-x) f\big(\tfrac{k}{m}\big).\]Examples of such operators were considered in several subsequent papers.
In this paper we present a convergence theorem corresponding to the sequence \(\left( T_mf\right)\) and we also present a more general sequence of operators of approximation \(S_{m,r,s}\), where \(r\) and \(s\) are nonnegative integers such that \(2sr\leq m\).
We give an integral expression for the remainders, as well as a representation by using divided differences of second order.
Approximation operators constructed by means of Sheffer sequences
Authors: Crăciun Maria 
Published: October 2023

In this paper we introduce a class of positive linear operators by using the
"umbral calculus", and we study some approximation properties of it. Let \(
Q \) be a delta operator, and \(S\) an invertible shift invariant operator. For
\(f\in C[0,1]\) we define
\begin{equation*}
(L_{n}^{Q,S}f)(x)=
{\textstyle\frac{1}{s_{n}(1)}}
\sum\limits_{k=0}^{n}{\textstyle\binom{n}{k}}p_{k}(x)s_{n-k}(1-x)f\left( \tfrac{k}{n}
\right),
\end{equation*}
where \((p_{n})_{n\geq0}\) is a binomial sequence which is the basic
sequence for \(Q,\) and \((s_{n})_{n\geq0}\) is a Sheffer set, \( s_{n}=S^{-1}p_{n} \). These operators generalize the binomial operators of T.
Popoviciu.
Application des méthodes d'optimisation pour la résolution du problème d'inégalités variationnelles
Authors: Radjeai Samia , Keraghel Abdelkrim , Benterki Djamel 
Published: October 2023

In French.
Le problème d'inégalités variationnelles, lancé au milieu des années soixantes par Hartman et Stampacchia dans le cadre du calcul des variations, et celui des problèmes aux limites des équations aux dérivées partielles, prend depuis quelques années une importance grandissante dans l'étude théorique et le traitement numérique de plusieurs types de problèmes pratiques et scientifiques d'intérêt capital. Les techniques d'optimisation constituent un bon stimulant conduisant à une méthodologie riche et pleine d'expériences. A ce propos, ce problème est converti en un problème d'optimisation équivalent, avec ou sans contraintes, ayant les propriétés requises pour un traitement convenable.Notre travail se rattache à des méthodes d'optimisation sans contraintes. Nous avons pu mettre en oeuvre plusieurs versions de ces algorithmes présentées dans un cadre comparatif signifiant, à travers des problèmes mathématiques importants.
In English.
The problem of variational inequalities, launched in the mid-sixties by Hartman and Stampacchia in the context of the calculus of variations, and that of problems at the limits of partial differential equations, has become increasingly important in recent years in the theoretical study and numerical treatment of several types of practical and scientific problems of capital interest.
Optimization techniques are a good stimulus leading to a rich and experienced methodology. In this regard, this problem is converted into an equivalent optimization problem, with or without constraints, having the properties required for a suitable treatment.
Our work is related to optimization methods without constraints. We were able to implement several versions of these algorithms presented in a meaningful comparative framework, through important mathematical problems.
An iterative method for approximating fixed points of Presić nonexpansive mappings
Authors: Berinde Vasile , Păcurar Mădălina 
Published: October 2023

Some fixed point theorems of Presić type for nonexpansive mappings\(f: X^k\rightarrow X\), where \(k\geq 1\) is an integer, are obtained.The main result of the paper unifies two important fixed point theorems published in the same year, 1965, the first one discovered independently by Browder [F.E. Browder, Nonexpansive nonlinear operators in Banach spaces, Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 54 (1965), 1041-1044], Göhde [D. Göhde, Zum Prinzip der kontraktiven Abbildung, Math. Nachr., 30(1965), 251-258] and Kirk [W.A. Kirk, A fixed point theorem for mappings which do not increase distances, Amer. Math. Monthly,72 (1965), 1004-1006], while the second one is due to Presić [S.B. Presić, Sur une classe d' inéquationsaux differences finite et sur la convergence de certaines suites, Publ. Inst. Math. (Beograd)(N.S.), 5(19) (1965),75-78]. In this way we show how amazingly two apparently different beautiful results in mathematics can meet after almost half a century! This appears to be the first attempt to study multi-step iterative methods by means of the fixed point theory of nonexpansive mappings. Several related results in literature are extended, unified and generalized.
An optimal double inequality among the one-parameter, arithmetic and harmonic means
Authors: Miao-Kun Wang , Ye-Fang Qiu , Yu-Ming Chu 
Published: October 2023

For \(p\in\mathbb{R}\), the one-parameter mean \(J_{p}(a,b)\), arithmetic mean \(A(a,b)\), and harmonic mean \(H(a,b)\) of two positive real numbers \(a\) and \(b\) are defined by\begin{equation*}J_{p}(a,b)=\begin{cases}\tfrac{p(a^{p+1}-b^{p+1})}{(p+1)(a^p-b^p)}, & a\neq b,p\neq 0,-1,\\\tfrac{a-b}{\log{a}-\log{b}}, & a\neq b,p=0,\\\tfrac{ab(\log{a}-\log{b})}{a-b}, & a\neq b,p=-1,\\a, & a=b,\end{cases}\end{equation*}\(A(a,b)=\tfrac{a+b}{2}\), and \(H(a,b)=\tfrac{2ab}{a+b}\),respectively. In this paper, we answer the question: For \(\alpha\in(0,1)\), what are the greatest value \(r_{1}\) and the least value \(r_{2}\) such that the double inequality \(J_{r_{1}}(a,b)<\alpha A(a,b)+(1-\alpha)H(a,b)<J_{r_{2}}(a,b)\) holds for all \(a,b>0\) with \(a\neq b\)?
الحماية الدستورية للحق في الكرامة الإنسانية في التشريع الإماراتي
Authors: عبدالرحمن رؤى , بدر أميرة 
Published: October 2023

خلق الله سبحانه وتعالى الإنسان وكرمه في الأرض وميزه عن المخلوقات الأخرى، وشرع له كافة الوسائل لحماية كرامته الإنسانية، إلا أنه حتى اليوم مازالت هناك بعض المجتمعات التي تخرق تلك الحماية وتعتدي عليها، فما زلنا حتى تاريخ اليوم نسمع باضطهاد السود في أمريكا وقتل بعض المسلمين في الدول الأجنبية على الرغم من أن هذه الفئات تتمتع بالكرامة الإنسانية.
إن الحفاظ على الكرامة الإنسانية هو حق مقدس ومكفول لجميع الأفراد وان اختلفوا بلونهم أو جنسهم أو عرقهم، وكما أن العائق الحقيقي الذي مازال موجود حتى تاريخ اليوم هو وجود بعض المجتمعات التي لم تصبغ الحماية الكافية لهذا الحق، ولم تضع عقوبات وجزاءات في حال تم الاعتداء على هذا الحق.
إن صور الحق في الكرامة الإنسانية عديدة، ومنها الحق في الكرامة الإنسانية عن طريق منع التعذيب، والاعتداء، والتمييز، والعنف وما إلى ذلك، وإن الثابت بأن هناك بعض من الدول وقد اتجهت إلى حماية ذلك الحق بصورة مباشرة عن طريق النص عليها بدستورها وقوانينها الوضعية، وهناك بعض الدول قد اكتفت بوضع عقوبات في حال تم الاعتداء على ذلك الحق دون الإشارة إليه بصورة مباشرة.
يتمحور البحث حول موضوع الحماية الدستورية للحق في الكرامة الإنسانية، فبداية سنبين ماهية الحق في الكرامة الإنسانية ونشأتها في الديانات السماوية والمواثيق الدولية ومن ثم سنتطرق إلى بيان بعض صور هذا الحق الكريم، وأخيراً سنقوم بطرح موقف التشريع الإماراتي من هذا الحق.
اركان تداول المطلع على المعلومة الداخلية للشركة المدرجة في سوق الأوراق المالية
Authors: احمد سهى , فلحي هيفاء 
Published: October 2023

على الرغم من أن الالتزام بالإفصاح هو أحد العوامل التي تؤثر بشكل كبير على نجاح سوق الأوراق المالية وتحقيق استقرار المعاملات، إلا أنه لا ينبغي فهم هذا الالتزام بصورة مطلقة، حيث ان هناك أسرار للشركة وللمتعاملين في السوق يجب عدم إفشاؤها بشكل يضر بهم وبالتالي يؤثر سلباً على السوق.
وعليه تتناول هذه الدراسة موضوع في غاية الاهمية وهو التنظيم القانوني للمعلومة الداخلية للشركة المدرجة في سوق الأوراق المالية، حيث يترتب على استغلال هذه المعلومة تأثير إيجابي أو سلبي على سعر الورقة المالية المصدرة من الشركة .
وقد نتج عن الدراسة أن جميع التشريعات المقارنة تحظر التداول بناءً على معلومة داخلية غير معلنة التي لم يتم نشرها للجمهور اذا كان لها تأثير على سعر السوق نظراً لأن تداول المطلع بناءً على اساس هذه المعلومة، سيكون له ميزه عن باقي المتداولين ويعود ذلك الى عدة أسباب منها أنه يخالف مبدأ المساواة بين المستثمرين، بالإضافة إلى احداث الخلل فيما يتعلق بحماية سوق الأوراق المالية وبما يؤثر على عدم غرس الثقة والطمأنينة بين المتعاملين .