bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determinants of the brand equity
Authors: Atilgan Eda , Aksoy Şafak , Akinci Serkan 
Published: June 2005

PurposeThis research study aims to examine the practicality and application of a customer‐based brand equity model, based on Aaker's well‐known conceptual framework of brand equity.Design/methodology/approachThe study employed structural equation modelling to investigate the causal relationships between the dimensions of brand equity and brand equity itself. It specifically measured the way in which consumers’ perceptions of the dimensions of brand equity affected the overall brand equity evaluations. Data were collected from a sample of university students in Turkey.FindingsThe study concludes that brand loyalty is the most influential dimension of brand equity. Weak support is found for the brand awareness and perceived quality dimensions.Research limitations/implicationsWhile it is acknowledged that student samples are normally an unreliable basis for conclusions and predictions to be applied to consumers in general, it is considered that they were an appropriate group for this study, given that the subject was beverages.Practical implicationsImplications for brand managers and marketing planners are discussed. Marketing managers should consider the relative importance of brand equity dimensions in their overall brand equity evaluations.Originality/valueBranding plays an important role in contemporary marketing, and is the focus of much literature, both academic and professional. This study contributes to the body of knowledge.
International internet marketing
Authors: Eid Riyad 
Published: June 2005

PurposeThe purpose of this article is to investigate empirically the drivers and barriers operation on the adoption of internet technology by business‐to‐business marketing companies that operate at the international level.Design/methodology/approachA review of the literature concerning the diffusion and adoption of innovations precedes a triangulation study involving a questionnaire‐based survey of 123 companies (a 59 percent response rate) and case studies of four others, all located in the UK. Data were factor‐analysed, following testing for validity, reliability and adequacy of the research instrument.FindingsThe paper concludes that powerful drivers of international internet‐based marketing in business‐to‐business firms will generally outweigh significant barriers to its adoption in the future. It also explains how innovation‐diffusion theory identifies factors instrumental in the adoption of internet marketing.Research limitations/implicationsThe study was confined to business‐to‐business marketers, based in the UK and operating internationally. Several suggestions are made for elaboration and extension, including investigation of business‐to‐consumer users and of other industry types.Practical implicationsThe findings provide international marketing strategists with important marketing intelligence insights into the benefits of harnessing the power of the internet, the obstacles to be expected in practice, and plans for doing so both efficiently and effectively.Originality/valueMuch of what has been written about the application of the internet to marketing is speculative and exploratory. This study, based on responses from practising international marketers, offers something more substantial to marketing planners.
Closed‐loop control of switched reluctance generators
Authors: Kennedy E.P. , Murphy A.J. , Condon M. , Dowling J. 
Published: June 2005

PurposeThis paper deals with closed‐loop control of a switched reluctance generator (SRG).Design/methodology/approachThe control objective when generating is to maintain the dc link voltage at the required value while achieving maximum efficiency. Three possible control schemes are presented and their performance is examined by testing on an experimental 12/8 three‐phase SRG.FindingsA very simple control scheme that requires no prior characterisation of the SRG, an approach based on the use of an inverse machine model and finally, a control scheme that is aimed at achieving optimal efficiency are described and experimental results for all three are presented.Research limitations/implicationsThe inverse machine model control scheme and the optimal efficiency control scheme require operation at a constant voltage reference for accurate operation (although this is the case for many generator applications). Possible future research might include the expansion of these control schemes to operation with a variable voltage reference.Practical implicationsThe importance of maximising efficiency is emphasised with a clear method of deriving the optimal efficiency firing angles described.Originality/valueThis paper provides a good overview of SRG operation through the experimental implementation of three separate closed‐loop voltage control schemes, each of which is described in detail.
On robustness of edge‐based FE analysis using algebraic multigrid method
Authors: Watanabe Kota , Igarashi Hajime 
Published: June 2005

PurposeThis paper discusses the robustness of the algebraic multigrid (AMG) method as well as geometric multigrid (GMG) method against mesh distortion in edge‐based finite element analysis.Design/methodology/approachAnalyzes a simple magnetostatic problem, in which the model consists of a cubic iron and the surrounding air region. Prepares three meshes which have same number of elements to evaluate the robustness of multigrid against the distortion of mesh.FindingsThe AMG method is shown to be more robust against mesh distortion than the GMG method.Originality/valueShows that the AMG is more robust than the GMG. This result is of practical interest to the researchers in this field.
Statistical analysis in robust design of superconducting magnets
Authors: Cioffi Marco , Formisano Alessandro , Martone Raffaele 
Published: June 2005

PurposeTo present a robust optimal design technique in the presence of system parameters uncertainties.Design/methodology/approachThe properties of normally distributed random variables are exploited, together with surface response fitting techniques, with the aim to reduce the computational cost in assessing the effect of uncertainties.FindingsA fast approximate method for computing statistical average is presented together with its implementation for the design of magnets for magnetic resonance imaging.Research limitations/implicationsFuture research will be focused to multi‐dimensional problems and to the best choose of closed form expressions to evaluate statistical moments fitting.Practical implicationsRobust optimal design methodologies are receiving an increasing interest in both academic and industrial research, due to their capability of coping with construction uncertainties and tolerances.Originality/valueThe effectiveness of the simplified method has been demonstrated for an analytical example and on a simplified superconducting magnet design. The proposed strategy is quite general and it can be applied to a wide class of optimal design problems.
Using domain decomposition techniques for the calculation of low‐frequency electric current densities in high‐resolution 3D human anatomy models
Authors: Barchanski Andreas , Clemens Markus , De Gersem Herbert , Steiner Till , Weiland Thomas 
Published: June 2005

PurposeImproved numerical calculation techniques for low‐frequency current density distributions within high‐resolution anatomy models caused by ambient electric or magnetic fields or direct contact to potential drops using the finite integration technique (FIT).Design/methodology/approachThe methodology of calculating low‐frequency electromagnetic fields within high‐resolution anatomy models using the FIT is extended by a local grid refinement scheme using a non‐matching‐grid formulation domain. Furthermore, distributed computing techniques are presented. Several numerical examples are analyzed using these techniques.FindingsNumerical simulations of low‐frequency current density distributions may now be performed with a higher accuracy due to an increased local grid resolution in the areas of interest in the human body voxel models when using the presented techniques.Originality/valueThe local subgridding approach is introduced to reduce the number of unknowns in the very large‐scale linear algebraic systems of equations that have to be solved and thus to reduce the required computational time and memory resources. The use of distributed computation techniques such as, e.g. the use of a parallel solver package as PETSc follows the same goals.
Algebraic properties of BEM‐FEM coupling with Whitney elements
Authors: Auchmann B. , Kurz S. , Rain O. , Russenschuck S. 
Published: June 2005

PurposeTo introduce a Whitney‐element based coupling of the Finite Element Method (FEM) and the Boundary Element Method (BEM); to discuss the algebraic properties of the resulting system and propose solver strategies.Design/methodology/approachThe FEM is interpreted in the framework of the theory of discrete electromagnetism (DEM). The BEM formulation is given in a DEM‐compatible notation. This allows for a physical interpretation of the algebraic properties of the resulting BEM‐FEM system matrix. To these ends we give a concise introduction to the mathematical concepts of DEM.FindingsAlthough the BEM‐FEM system matrix is not symmetric, its kernel is equivalent to the kernel of its transpose. This surprising finding allows for the use of two solution techniques: regularization or an adapted GMRES solver.Research limitations/implicationsThe programming of the proposed techniques is a work in progress. The numerical results to support the presented theory are limited to a small number of test cases.Practical implicationsThe paper will help to improve the understanding of the topological and geometrical implications in the algebraic structure of the BEM‐FEM coupling.Originality/valueSeveral original concepts are presented: a new interpretation of the FEM boundary term leads to an intuitive understanding of the coupling of BEM and FEM. The adapted GMRES solver allows for an accurate solution of a singular, unsymetric system with a right‐hand side that is not in the image of the matrix. The issue of a grid‐transfer matrix is briefly mentioned.
Coupled field models in electromagnetic solids
Authors: Badics Zsolt , Cendes Zoltan J. 
Published: June 2005

PurposeTo develop new and existing coupled thermal and mechanical models of electromagnetic solids for the simulation of coupled field problems based on a consistent theoretical and computational framework.Design/methodology/approachThe finite element computational models we describe involve the combination of classical electrodynamics, continuum mechanics, and thermodynamics. In order to create consistent coupled models, we employ the fundamental principles of thermodynamics as a common framework.FindingsOur procedure requires the necessary thermodynamical considerations for building consistent multiphysics models and develops some novel implementation issues that are important from the designers' point of view. Additionally, efficient numerical algorithms for solving the arising static and dynamic nonlinearities are discussed.Research limitations/implicationsThe paper targets the simulation of coupled problems in macroscopic electromagnetic continua.Practical implicationThe application areas of the coupled field models are identified and illustrated by the solution of complex industrial problems.Originality/valueWe introduce new computational models and techniques for the solution of some coupled field problems in electromagnetic solids. While some elements of these computational models and techniques have been used for decades, the complete theoretical and computational framework is presented for the first time here.
Validation of a 3D macroscopic model for superconductors
Authors: Rubinacci Guglielmo , Villone Fabio , Zamboni Walter 
Published: June 2005

PurposeTo provide a validation of a three‐dimensional (3D) macroscopic model for superconductors comparing numerical to experimental AC losses of a BSCCO‐2223 tape subject to an orthogonal magnetic field and a transport current.Design/methodology/approachWe solve in 3D geometries the eddy current problem in presence of superconductors, represented by a power‐law characteristic rewritten into a variational form. An integral formulation of the magneto‐quasistatic Maxwell's equations is used. The solution of the problem is found by an unconstrained minimization of a suitable functional. The numerical results on AC losses computation are compared to experimental data.FindingsThe agreement between numerical and experimental data is good in a wide range of currents and magnetic fields.Research limitations/implicationsThe magnetic field is assumed to be orthogonal to the tape. Different incidence angles should be taken into account.Practical implicationsIt is possible to extend the range of validity of the engineering formulae for AC losses used in the work.Originality/valueThe paper provides a validation of a numerical code against experimental results: this is always challenging in the field of applied superconductivity.
Reconstruction of the anisotropic complex conductivity distribution in 3D
Authors: Wagner B. , Hollaus K. , Magele Ch. 
Published: June 2005

PurposeThe aim of the work is to reconstruct the anisotropic complex conductivity distribution with the common Gauss‐Newton algorithm.Design/methodology/approachA cubic region with anisotropic material properties is enclosed by a larger cube with isotropic material properties. Numerical simulations are done with tetrahedral nodal finite elements of second‐order.FindingsIt can be shown that it is possible to reconstruct anisotropic complex conductivity distribution if the starting values are chosen sufficiently close to the true values of the complex conductivity.Originality/valueIn this paper, the anisotropic electric conductivity and the anisotropic permittivity are reconstructed in 3D.
Simulation of the quasi‐static electric field by an electric current vector potential approximated by edge elements
Authors: Hollaus K. , Wagner B. , Bíró O. 
Published: June 2005

PurposeThe aim of the present work is to find an efficient solution concerning the computational effort of quasi‐static electric field (QSEF) problems involving anisotropic conductivity and permittivity in the frequency domain.Design/methodology/approachNumerical simulations are carried out with tetrahedral nodal finite elements of first‐ and second‐order and with Withney elements. The solution of the boundary value problem with the aid of the electric scalar potential approximated by nodal finite elements is compared with those by the electric current vector potential represented by edge finite elements.FindingsThe simulation with an electric current vector potential approximated by the edge elements of first‐order prevail over that by the electric scalar potential approximated by nodal elements of second‐order concerning the memory requirements and the computation time at comparable accuracy.Originality/valueThe application of edge finite elements to solve QSEF problems considering an anisotropic complex conductivity in 3D.
A new procedure for reconstructing the aged regions of the ferromagnetic bodies
Authors: Florea Hantila Ioan , Petre Mihai Cleante , Ifrim Costin , Leuca Teodor 
Published: June 2005

PurposeThis paper presents an efficient procedure for reconstructing the aged region of ferromagnetic material.Design/methodology/approachThe aging of the ferromagnetic material leads to changes of B ‐H relationship. This property may be used for detection of the degraded parts of ferromagnetic pieces. In numerical procedures the region with a possible aged zone is described by a finite number of subdomains where the flaw vector is defined with binary entries.FindingsBecause of the small B ‐H changes, the magnetic field modifications linearly depend (matrix T) by the flaw vectors. Using a double Gauss pivotation scheme, an enough well conditioned and invertible submatrix is extracted from the matrix T. The unknowns associated with this submatrix (called main unknowns) can be easily obtained by a linear relationship from the rest of the unknowns (called minor). In the set of the minor unknowns we search for that vector which gives the smallest error of the principal unknowns in comparison with the values 0 or 1.Originality/valueThis procedure leads to a spectacular increasing of the efficiency in comparison with the known procedures.
Magnetic lenses for neutron beams
Authors: Füzi J. 
Published: June 2005

PurposeTo provide information on magnetic lens design principles for neutron beam focussing and to characterize the efficiency of these devices.Design/methodology/approachMagnetostatic and neutron optical computations are presented for permanent magnet and electromagnetic hexapole lenses for neutron beam focusing. The numerical results are verified by magnetic and neutron beam measurements.FindingsNeutron lenses built from brick‐shaped permanent magnets approximating the six‐pole Halbach structure yield relatively high field constant for a relatively small useful diameter. Electromagnets are weaker, but allow field constant adjustment.Research limitations/implicationsThe main limitation of both presented solutions resides in the difficulty of obtaining high magnetic flux densities. Superconducting coils in hexapole configuration can overcome this limitation.Practical implicationsThe magnetic lenses can be used for beam focusing in scattering neutron instruments. The focused beam is also polarized.Originality/valueAnalytical formulae are supplied for the neutron path calculation in a six‐pole magnetic field. An electromagnet design with permanent magnet flux enforcement is provided.
Fast integral equation solution for electric field shielding
Authors: Cranganu‐Cretu Bogdan , Ostrowski Joerg , Andjelic Zoran 
Published: June 2005

PurposeTo provide first insight onto the application of hierarchical matrices and adaptive cross approximation (ACA) techniques for electromagnetic scattering problems.Design/methodology/approachThe shielding effectiveness of metallic casings with apertures is analyzed via an electric field integral equation. To reduce the storage needs and the complexity of matrix equation solution, a technique combining the use of hierarchical matrices (H‐matrix) in conjunction with the ACA technique is used.FindingsProvides first results for compression of a matrix resulting from a Helmholtz problem by means of hierarchical matrices and ACA techniques. Gives insight into the importance of obtaining a “cheap” preconditioner.Research limitations/implicationsThe technique resides on the smotheness of kernel functions – which is no longer valid for big wave numbers.Practical implicationsGives means of solving problems of big dimensions in terms of number of unknowns – without the need to tailor the approach for the specific kernel function. The original integration functions used to fill the full matrix can be used here.Originality/valueThe paper represents one of the first attempts to use the above‐mentioned techniques for the high frequency domain.
On being cybernetic
Authors: Ray Wendel A. 
Published: June 2005

PurposeTo provide personal memories of the work of Heinz von Foerster.Design/methodology/approachThe approach is one of personal reflection.FindingsHow the philosophy and science of cybernetic and cybernetics of cybernetics Heinz von Forester helped create was visible in his behavior with others is described. The relationship between von Forester and research associates of the Mental Research Institute is outlined.Originality/valueProvides an insight to the importance of the work of von Foerster.
Observing systems and psychotherapy: what I owe to Heinz von Foerster
Authors: Elkaïm Mony 
Published: June 2005

PurposeTo consider how the approach and work of Heinz von Foerster, among others, can aid psychotherapists.Design/methodology/approachA family therapist, as every therapist, is caught in the dilemma that (s)he cannot separate what (s)he sees from who (s)he is. One possibility to understand what happens in a therapeutic system is by means of the model of resonance. The therapist observes himself or herself and regards these thoughts and emotions as part of the therapeutic system. (S)he takes part in the reciprocal double binds, i.e. the strategy how each member of a human system s(he) is part of is protecting the worldview of the others by acting in a way, which is reinforcing their worldviews. Thus, a homeostasis is maintained.FindingsProposes a new systemic approach closer to Ilya Prigogine's work on systems far from equilibrium where chance plays a role helping members of human systems to leave a world of predictability and to enter a universe of freedom and responsibility. Also uses the teachings of Heinz von Foerster about being part of the world and not separated observers. The viewpoint of constructed realities entails freedom and responsibility and is a highly ethical position.Originality/valueProvides help in understanding how the teachings of Heinz von Foerster, among others, can aid psychotherapists.
Heinz von Foerster: the withoutist
Authors: Birkas Dezsoe 
Published: June 2005

PurposeTo write about Heinz von Foerster: to interpret him, to describe his real thoughts, to be “a foersterist”.Design/methodology/approachConsiders that Heinz von Foerster, who used admiration and a not knowing approach as an epistemological basis, like most outstanding, emblematic figures in the history of mankind, liked to be called someone without disciplines, without “‐ist‐s”. It is the author's preference to call him a “withoutist”. The withoutist conveys knowledge from her/his epistemological position of self reference in an a priori manner.FindingsTo use a metaphor: she/he is so sharp that he does not wound his/her counterpart by conveying information, since there are no subject‐object borders to pierce through. He tries to learn learning, understand understanding. The term “withoutist” has a paradoxical meaning: being classified a withoutist means at the same time not to be classifiable.Originality/valueUnderstanding a withoutist means not to understand him/her, but understand ourselves: it is a second‐order understanding. It shows up the never‐ending self referential process of construction and knowledge, observer and observed. The ethical position of the withoutist is the a priori acceptance of her/his counterparts opinion, his/her being right.
Self‐responsibility. Thoughts to the education of our management elites
Authors: Philipp Andreas , Kuhl Bastian 
Published: June 2005

PurposeHow responsible is the management elite for the so‐called “world‐problems”, e.g. like “the scandalous economic scissors between north and south”, population growth and food scarcity or environmental problems? To give first answers on these questions is the purpose of this paper.Design/methodology/approachAs we began to think about these sorts of questions, we became very much aware, that there are numerous reasons to get down from the “ivory tower” and start being more concerned about the role of business administration within this “world‐problem” issue. The theoretical scope of the paper is observing management attitudes by the glasses of the system theory. The practical outcome of this work is giving managers the chance to reflect themselves.FindingsBy asking questions to the traditional business administration as a science and as a practice we will develop a new attitude of self‐responsibility in the spirit of Heinz von Foerster for a new, alternative academic management education.Originality/valueThis paper describes the core elements of a new “I‐want” reflection‐theory and tries to “irritate”; better: perturbate management‐systems in order to keep the dynamics of self‐reflection going.