bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determining the Causal Effect of Statins on Reducing the Incidence of Venous Thromboembolism after Ankle Fractures
Authors: Fischer Richard , Nassour Nour , Bardiya Akhbari , DiGiovanni Christopher W. , Shwab Joseph , Ghaednia Hamid , Ashkani-Esfahani Soheil 
Published: December 2023

Category: Ankle; Other Introduction/Purpose: It can be challenging to decide when to give preventative medication for venous thromboembolism (VTE). It is challenging to identify VTE in its early phases, and surgeons disagree on when prophylaxis should be given and when to suspect VTE. Additionally, patients who are not at a high risk of VTE are advised not to take prophylaxis due to the potential risk of bleeding adverse events and the evidence does not fully support providing prophylaxis in isolated foot and ankle procedures (BAE). The effectiveness of prevention, particularly in isolated foot and ankle fractures, is debatable, and research into how patients react to statins is necessary. By utilizing causal inference techniques, this research simulates a randomized control trial (RCT) from observational data. Methods: Out of a total of 1,175 patients, 238 had confirmed VTE 180 days after the incidence of ankle fracture (Case group, n=238). The inclusion criteria were 1- ankle fracture diagnosed by a physician and confirmed radiologically via X-ray or CT scan; 2- Age of 18 years or older; 3- Symptomatic VTE confirmed by a clinician and through radiologic (Duplex ultrasound, CT angiography, and/or angiography). To infer causal effects, we took the three following steps: first, the causal diagram must be created. Second, the set of variables necessary for causal inference must be identified. Third, the average treatment effect should be estimated for different treatment regimens. Results: Table 1 shows the incidence of VTE among patients who had VTE chemoprophylaxis. A non-significant 2.9% increase in VTE incidence was found, 95% CI [-1%, 7%]. The results state that, if a patient is already taking Statins, the incidence of VTE is reduced by 1%, 95% CI [-4.2%, 2.8%] as compared to patients who are not taking the drug which is not statistically significant. This indicates that there is no significant difference between administering VTE prophylaxis or not, in patients that are already consuming Statins. On the contrary, for patients in the sample that are not already taking Statins, the VTE incidence increases by 6%, 95% CI [1.6%, 10%] compared to no treatment administration which is significant since the confidence interval does not contain 0. Conclusion: Our findings provide more evidence that VTE prophylaxis may not, on average, be successful in lowering the incidence of VTE after ankle fracture, particularly in individuals who do not take Statins. To put it another way, doctors may decide not to give extra prophylaxis to avoid VTE in isolated ankle fractures if a patient is on Statins. Here, we established the causal inference methodology that can help us reproduce the results of an expensive RCT.
Hepatic and lung methotrexate-associated polymorphic lymphoproliferative disorders arising during postoperative follow-up of renal cell carcinoma: a case report
Authors: Miyamoto Yoshi , Kawasoe Chihiro , Ito Kaoru , Oguri Nobuyuki , Murashima Takaya , Kamibeppu Toyoharu , Nagai Takahiro , Takamori Hiroki , Kamimura Toshio , Mukai Shoichiro , Sato Yuichiro , Kamoto Toshiyuki 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Introduction
Methotrexate induces lymphoproliferative disorders on rare occasions; however, its pathogenesis remains unknown. A clinical diagnosis based on imaging studies alone is often difficult.

Case presentation
A 57-year-old Japanese woman was referred to our department for the evaluation of multiple lung and hepatic nodules that developed during methotrexate treatment for rheumatoid arthritis. Since she had a history of nephrectomy for localized renal cell carcinoma, multiple lung and hepatic metastases were initially considered. However, pathological diagnosis of the lung nodules (needle biopsy) revealed methotrexate-associated polymorphic-type lymphoproliferative disorders. After methotrexate discontinuation, continuous smooth shrinkage of the lung and liver lymphoproliferative disorders was observed.

Conclusion
Methotrexate-associated lymphoproliferative disorders should be considered in the event of newly appearing neoplastic lesions, even during follow-up for renal cell carcinoma, if methotrexate is being administered.
The impact of task-based instruction on learners’ reading comprehension, L2 grit, anxiety, and motivation for L2 reading
Authors: Ismail Sayed M. , Wang Chuanli , Jamalyar Radman 
Published: December 2023

AbstractTask-based instruction (TBI) is a pedagogical approach that centers on engaging learners in meaningful and communicative tasks to promote language acquisition, active participation, and practical language use. The primary objective of this investigation was to assess the influence of TBI on reading comprehension, motivation for L2 reading, anxiety, and L2 grit. Thus, two pre-existing classes from a large university in China were selected and one of them was assigned as the treatment and the other as the comparison group. An Oxford Quick Placement Test determined that the subjects possessed an intermediate level of proficiency. The experimental group received reading comprehension-based TBI, while the control group received traditional lecture-based strategy training. Each of the dependent variables was tested at two points of time. Based on a conducted t-test, while both groups knew exactly the same as time 1, the comparison group did less on the posttest in terms of reading comprehension skills than its treatment counterpart. The effect size was large. Furthermore, the results of a series of chi-squares showed that TBI had facilitating effects on motivation for L2 reading, language learning anxiety, and L2 grit, all with large effect sizes. That is, on the posttest, the number of motivated learners and grittier learners in the treatment group increased, while the number of high-anxiety learners in the experimental group decreased sharply. However, the participants’ motivation for L2 reading, anxiety, and L2 grit did not significantly change after the treatment. The implications of the study are explained.
Prolonged Hypokalemia and Delayed Diagnosis of Primary Aldosteronism: Clinical Course and Risk Factors
Authors: Gupta Gaytri , Teo Ada E D , Swee Du Soon , Loh Lih Ming , Chuah Matthew , Loh Wann Jia , Saffari Seyed Ehsan , Koh Xuan Han , Kek Peng Chin , Puar Troy H 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Context
Primary aldosteronism (PA) is a common cause of hypertension (HT). However, diagnosis is often delayed, leading to poorer clinical outcomes. Hypokalemia with HT is characteristic of PA, and is an indication for screening.

Objective
We evaluated if patients with PA had prolonged hypokalemia before diagnosis, the subsequent biochemical/clinical control, and factors associated with delayed diagnosis.

Methods
Our study included all PA patients with hypokalemia diagnosed between 2001 and 2022. Delayed diagnosis was defined as duration of hypokalemia of more than 1 year from first occurrence to first evaluation by a PA specialist. Patients were reassessed post adrenalectomy using the Primary Aldosteronism Surgery Outcomes criteria. We performed multivariable analysis to assess for factors associated with delayed diagnosis.

Results
Among 240 patients with PA who presented with hypokalemia, 122 (51%) patients had delayed diagnosis, with prolonged hypokalemia of median duration 4.5 years (range, 2.4-7.5 years). Patients with delayed diagnosis were older, had longer duration of HT, higher pill burden, lower renal function, and more prevalent cardiovascular disease. Factors associated with delayed diagnosis included older age, presence of hyperlipidemia, and less severe hypokalemia (serum potassium &gt;3.0 mmol/L). Compared to patients with early diagnosis, a lower proportion of those with delayed diagnosis underwent adrenal vein sampling (73% vs 58%) (P &lt; .05). Sixty of 118 (50.8%) nondelayed, and 39 of 122 (32.0%) patients with delayed diagnosis, underwent surgery.

Conclusion
Despite manifestation of hypokalemia, many patients with PA fail to be promptly screened. Greater emphasis in HT guidelines, and efforts to improve awareness of PA among primary care physicians, are urgently needed.
HIV-1 p17 matrix protein enhances type I interferon responses through the p17–OLA1–STING axis
Authors: Zhang Lianfei , Li Shuai , Xu Xiaoyu , Ma Chengxin , Zhang Pan , Ji Wangsheng , Liu Xinqi 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT
Stimulator of IFN genes (STING; also known as STING1) is an important adaptor protein for detecting cytosolic double-stranded DNA, which can come from HIV infection. Several HIV proteins, such as p6, Vpx and Vif, can influence STING-mediated innate immunity, but the function of p17 is still unknown. In this study, we find that HIV-1 p17, but not HIV-2 p17 or SIV p17, promotes STING signaling induced by cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP) treatment. Mechanistically, HIV-1 p17 binds to Obg-like ATPase 1 (OLA1) and inhibits the regulation of STING by OLA1. Here, OLA1 interacts with STING and inhibits the translocation and phosphorylation of STING upon cGAMP stimulation. Furthermore, compared with HIV-2 and SIV, the ATPase and GTPase activities of OLA1 are only promoted by HIV-1 p17. Our study shows that the p17 of HIV-1, but not HIV-2 or SIV, promotes STING-mediated innate immunity by interfering the interaction between OLA1 and STING, thus providing a new clue for specific immune activation of HIV-1.
A Dual Inertial Measurement Unit System for Classifying Standard Overhead Drill Movements in Elite Women’s Water Polo
Authors: King Marguerite H. , Lewis Amy , Watson Kate , Da Costa Nathalia , Vicenzino Bill 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Water polo upper limb external load monitoring cannot be currently measured accurately due to technological and methodological challenges. This is problematic as large fluctuations in overhead movement volume and intensity may affect performance and alter injury risk. Inertial measurement units (IMUs) and machine learning techniques have been shown to accurately classify overhead movements in other sports. We investigated the model accuracy and class precision, sensitivity and specificity of IMUs and machine learning techniques to classify standard overhead drill movements in elite women’s water polo.

Methods
Ten women’s water polo players performed standard drills of swimming, blocking, low and high intensity throwing under training conditions. Athletes wore two IMUs: one on the upper back and the other on the distal forearm. Each movement was videoed and coded to a standard overhead drill movement. IMU and coded video data were merged to verify the IMU detected activity classification of each movement to that of the video. Data were partitioned into a training and test set and used to form a decision tree algorithm. Model accuracy and class precision, sensitivity and specificity were assessed.

Results
IMU resultant acceleration and angular velocity values displayed drill specific values. 194 activities were identified by the model in the test set with 8 activities being incorrectly classified. Model accuracy was 95.88%. Percentage class precision, sensitivity and specificity were as follows: blocking (96.15, 86.21, 99.39), high intensity throwing (100, 100, 100), low intensity throwing (93.48, 93.48, 97.97) and swimming (94.81, 98.65, 96.67).

Conclusions
IMUs and machine learning techniques can accurately classify standard overhead drill movements in elite women’s water polo.
Reproducibility in Management Science
Authors: Fišar Miloš , Greiner Ben , Huber Christoph , Katok Elena , Ozkes Ali I. ,   and the Management Science Reproducibility Collaboration
Published: December 2023

With the help of more than 700 reviewers, we assess the reproducibility of nearly 500 articles published in the journal Management Science before and after the introduction of a new Data and Code Disclosure policy in 2019. When considering only articles for which data accessibility and hardware and software requirements were not an obstacle for reviewers, the results of more than 95% of articles under the new disclosure policy could be fully or largely computationally reproduced. However, for 29% of articles, at least part of the data set was not accessible to the reviewer. Considering all articles in our sample reduces the share of reproduced articles to 68%. These figures represent a significant increase compared with the period before the introduction of the disclosure policy, where only 12% of articles voluntarily provided replication materials, of which 55% could be (largely) reproduced. Substantial heterogeneity in reproducibility rates across different fields is mainly driven by differences in data set accessibility. Other reasons for unsuccessful reproduction attempts include missing code, unresolvable code errors, weak or missing documentation, and software and hardware requirements and code complexity. Our findings highlight the importance of journal code and data disclosure policies and suggest potential avenues for enhancing their effectiveness. This paper was accepted by David Simchi-Levi, behavioral economics and decision analysis–fast track. Supplemental Material: The online appendices and data are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.03556 .
Colonoscopy-induced acute appendicitis: A case report
Authors: Song Xiao-Ling , Ma Jin-You , Zhang Zhi-Gao 
Published: December 2023

BACKGROUND
Colonoscopy is widely used for examination, diagnosis, and treatment because of its low incidence of associated complications. Post-colonoscopy appendicitis (PCA) is very rare and is easily misdiagnosed as electrocoagulation syndrome or colon perforation. Therefore, clinicians should pay close attention to this complication.
CASE SUMMARY
A 47-year-old female patient underwent a colonoscopy for a systematic physical examination, and the procedure was uneventful with normal endoscopic and histologic findings. However, the bowel preparation was suboptimal (Boston 2-3-2). After the examination, the patient experienced pain in the lower abdomen, which progressively worsened. Computed tomography of the lower abdomen and pelvis revealed appendiceal calcular obstruction and appendicitis. As the patient refused surgery, she was managed with antibiotics and recovered well.
CONCLUSION
In the current literature, the definition of PCA remains unclear. However, abdominal pain after colonoscopy should be differentiated from acute appendicitis.
Improving the use of Nabers probes for furcation detection during periodontal assessment in dental curricula
Authors: Lu Emily Ming-Chieh , Zaric Svetislav 
Published: December 2023

INTRODUCTION Detection of furcation involvement (FI) is an integral part of full periodontal examination. The aims of this study were to: 1) investigate the extent to which furcation assessment was performed and recorded by undergraduate and postgraduate students on clinic; 2) evaluate the perceptions of teachers about possible problems in relation to furcation assessment among students; and 3) assess the impact of the dental school’s educational interventions on the improvement in furcation assessment among students. METHODS Students were interviewed after their periodontal assessment. This occurred in three different settings: undergraduate and postgraduate treatment clinics, and new patient assessment clinics. Teachers were also interviewed about their perceptions of the students’ quality of furcation assessment. Students were re-surveyed following educational interventions to improve their furcation detection. RESULTS The baseline questionnaire showed that only 44% of the undergraduate students checked for FI; this compared with 83% of postgraduate students. Of those undergraduate students who assessed FI, only 13% used a Nabers probe and 63% did not record their finding in the patient’s notes. Following educational interventions, 56% of the undergraduates performed furcation assessment, with 78% of these using a Nabers probe. CONCLUSIONS Furcation assessment is often missed during the full periodontal examination carried out by undergraduate dental students and Nabers probes are rarely used. However, teaching interventions have the potential to improve the students’ learning experience and therefore also patient care.
KI-Kompetenzen in der Praxis: Eine Analyse deutscher KMUs
Authors: Ludwig Thomas , Azabal Natán , Fries Marco , Nießner Julia , Elsholz Uwe , Lützenkirchen Sylke , Thomas Martina , Schröder Lukas 
Published: December 2023

ZusammenfassungDie rasante Digitalisierung unserer Welt hat die Entwicklung digitaler Kompetenzen zu einem zentralen Anliegen in Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft gemacht. Während globale Akteure wie die USA, China, Südkorea und Japan in technologischen Innovationen führend sind, sieht sich die Europäische Union, insbesondere Deutschland, vor Herausforderungen gestellt, um mit dieser Innovationsdynamik Schritt zu halten, vor allem im Bereich der Informationstechnologie. Die Europäische Kommission hat als Reaktion darauf eine Digitalstrategie entwickelt, um die Wettbewerbsfähigkeit und digitale Souveränität zu stärken. Der vorliegende Beitrag untersucht, basierend auf einer retrospektiven Analyse von Beratungsfällen des Zukunftszentrums KI NRW zum Thema Digitalisierung und vor allem Künstliche Intelligenz, die digitale Kompetenzlandschaft in deutschen kleinen und mittleren Unternehmen (KMUs). Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass ein erheblicher Bedarf an Grundlagenwissen und Verständnis für digitale Technologien besteht. Auf Basis der Ergebnisse werden Kompetenzlisten vorgestellt, die spezifische, für die digitale Arbeitswelt essentielle Fähigkeiten und Kenntnisse beinhalten. Diese Listen dienen als Grundlage, um mittels Leitfragen konkrete Handlungsempfehlungen zu formulieren, die Unternehmen bei der Bewertung und Entwicklung ihrer digitalen Kompetenzen unterstützen, um den Herausforderungen der Digitalen Transformation zu begegnen.
Scabies prevalence and its associated factors among prisoners in southern Ethiopia: An institution-based analytical cross-sectional study
Authors: Bogino Efa Ambaw , Woldegeorgis Beshada Zerfu , Wondewosen Lantesil , Dessu Blen Kassahun , Obsa Mohammed Suleiman , Hanfore Lolemo Kelbiso , Galtore Teketel Ermias , Kidane Woldu , Kelbore Abraham Getachew 
Published: December 2023

Background
Scabies is an ectoparasitic infestation that can easily spread during close human contact and in overcrowded areas such as prisons and public places where sanitation is a problem. Globally, as many as 300 million people are infested with scabies each year. Within Ethiopia, its burden in institutions like prisons is not well-studied. As a consequence, we sought to estimate the prevalence of scabies and also identify factors associated with it among prison inmates in southern Ethiopia.

Methods
An institution-based analytical cross-sectional study design was employed. We used, a simple random sampling technique to select 422 prisoners. A pretested-structured questionnaire was used to collect the necessary information. EpiData version 4.2.0.0 and Statistical Packages for Social Science version 25 software were used for data entry and analysis respectively. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were computed. The model fitness was checked using the Hosmer-Lemeshow and omnibus tests. The association between the independent and outcome variables was presented in the form of a table showing the crude odds ratio and adjusted odds ratio (AOR) along with their 95% confidence interval (CI). The level of statistical significance was declared at P.value ≤ 0.05.

Results
A total of 418 prisoners were interviewed, yielding a 99.1% response rate. The age of the participants ranged from 17 to 60 years. As many as 381 (91.1%) participants were male. The prevalence of scabies was found to be 8.9%. A history of sexual contact in the past two months, before imprisonment (AOR: 9.92 (95% CI 3.07, 32.02), P <0.001), a period of stay less than two months duration in the prison (AOR: 4.54 (95% CI 1.51, 13.54), P = 0.007), poor ventilation (AOR: 3.36 (95% CI 1.07, 10.58), P = 0.038), lack of hygiene soap (AOR: 5.53 (95% CI 1.45, 21.17), P = 0.012), and sharing clothes among each other (AOR: 3.81 (95% CI (1.09, 13.29), P = 0.036) were factors independently associated with a scabies infestation.

Conclusion
In this study, we found the prevalence of scabies was high among prison inmates in Wolaita Zone prison. Furthermore, scabies infestations were associated with a previous history of sexual contact, poorly ventilated rooms, lack of hygiene soaps for washing, and sharing clothes amongst the inmates. Prison administrations should be encouraged to improve sanitary and screening and isolation of prisoners during imprisonment.
Real-world evidence on levodopa dose escalation in patients with Parkinson’s disease treated with istradefylline
Authors: Hattori Nobutaka , Kabata Daijiro , Asada Shinji , Kanda Tomoyuki , Nomura Takanobu , Shintani Ayumi , Mori Akihisa 
Published: December 2023

Objective
Istradefylline, a selective adenosine A2A receptor antagonist, is indicated in the US and Japan as adjunctive treatment to levodopa/decarboxylase inhibitors in adults with Parkinson’s disease (PD) experiencing OFF time. This study aimed to observe patterns of dose escalation of levodopa over time in patients initiated on istradefylline.

Methods
Using Japanese electronic health record data, interrupted time series analyses were used to compare levodopa daily dose (LDD, mg/day) gradients in patients before and after initiation of istradefylline. Data were analyzed by period relative to istradefylline initiation (Month 1): pre-istradefylline (Months -72 to 0), early istradefylline (Months 1 to 24), and late istradefylline (Months 25 to 72). Subgroup analyses included LDD before istradefylline initiation (<400, ≥400 to <600, ≥600 mg/day) and treatment with or without monoamine oxidase-B (MAO-B) inhibitors, catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) inhibitors, or dopamine agonists before istradefylline initiation.

Results
The analysis included 4026 patients; mean (SD) baseline LDD was 419.27 mg (174.19). Patients receiving ≥600 mg/day levodopa or not receiving MAO-B inhibitors or COMT inhibitors demonstrated a significant reduction in LDD increase gradient for pre-istradefylline vs late-phase istradefylline (≥600 mg/day levodopa, -6.259 mg/day each month, p<0.001; no MAO-B inhibitors, -1.819 mg/day each month, p = 0.004; no COMT inhibitors, -1.412 mg/day each month, p = 0.027).

Conclusions
This real-world analysis of Japanese prescription data indicated that slowing of LDD escalation was observed in patients initiated on istradefylline, particularly in those receiving ≥600 mg/day levodopa, suggesting istradefylline may slow progressive LDD increases. These findings suggest that initiating istradefylline before other levodopa-adjunctive therapies may mitigate LDD increases, potentially reducing occurrence or severity of levodopa-induced complications in long-term istradefylline treatment.