bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Computational insights into the catalytic activity of two-dimensional Janus WSO for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Rajan Anju , Chatanathodi Raghu 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Janus two-dimensional materials have been synthesized and several of their applications as electronic and optical properties already studied in detail. In this study, we utilized density functional theory to computationally model janus WSO, which is derived from replacing a sulfur layer with oxygen in the parent two-dimensional material WS2. Our findings reveal that janus WSO is a p-type semiconductor with an indirect band gap. We also investigated its catalytic behaviour for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) by calculating the free energy change for hydrogen evolution. Similar to other two-dimensional materials, the janus WSO basal plane does not show significant HER activity; however, the defective material exhibits enhanced activity. We delved into the formation of single and multiple defect structures due to sulfur and oxygen vacancies and compared their HER activities. Our calculations demonstrate that some of the defect structures exhibit the potential for nearly zero free energy change for HER. Furthermore, we explored the effects of increased hydrogen coverage on the material's activity. Our reaction pathway modeling indicates that HER occurs via the Heyrovsky mechanism. Janus WSO proves to be a promising HER catalyst, with natural intrinsic strain and vacancies synergistically contributing to its appreciable catalytic activity.
The evolution of steatosis and fibrosis in mice on a MASH-inducing diet and the effects of housing temperature
Authors: Blok Neil B. , Myronovych Andriy , McMahon Garrett , Bozadjieva-Kramer Nadejda , Seeley Randy J. 
Published: February 2025

Background & Aims: Obesity induction in mice requires high-fat diet exposure. While hepatic steatosis develops, progression to inflammation and fibrosis, as in humans, requires prolonged exposure and additional dietary factors. Immunosuppression at room temperature may slow this progression. We evaluated thermoneutrality's effect on MASH development using a fibrosis-inducing MASH (GAN) diet. Methods: Mice were fed either MASH or chow diet and housed at room temperature or thermoneutrality. MASH diet groups were sacrificed monthly from 4 to 7 months. Serum markers of hepatic function were analyzed, and liver histology assessed steatosis, inflammation, ballooning (NAS score), and fibrosis via Picrosirius Red staining. Results: MASH diet increased body weight, liver-to-body mass ratio, and hepatic fat, with no difference between housing conditions. Housing temperature had minimal effects on MASH. Serum markers and hepatic fibrosis were similar across groups. NAS score was lower at 4 months in thermoneutral MASH mice but not by 7 months. Conclusion: Thermoneutrality did not significantly impact MASH development. These findings, alongside existing literature, suggest thermoneutral housing does not consistently enhance MASH progression in GAN MASH-fed mice.
Sex Differences in the Participation in Secondary Prevention Stroke Studies
Authors: Moelgg Kurt , Karisik Anel , Buergi Lucie , Carcel Cheryl , Christensen Hanne , Silva Gisele Sampaio , Dejakum Benjamin , Komarek Silvia , Domig Lena , Rinner Heinrich , Granna Julian , Willeit Karin , Willeit Johann , Pechlaner Raimund , Boehme Christian , Mayer‐Suess Lukas , Toell Thomas , Kiechl Stefan , Knoflach Michael 
Published: February 2025

Background
Women show higher age‐standardized mortality rates for ischemic stroke. Nevertheless, women are underrepresented in secondary stroke prevention trials. Our analysis investigated contributors to reduced study participation among women in a comprehensive stroke center in Austria.

Methods
The population‐based Tyrolean Stroke Pathway database was used to describe sex distribution in patients with ischemic stroke in the region and at the study site. Screening logs from 3 secondary stroke prevention studies at the Medical University of Innsbruck were analyzed containing information on age, self‐reported sex, and causes for nonparticipation. Binary and multinomial logistic regression were performed to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs.

Results
Women constituted 45.6% of all patients with ischemic stroke in the federal region and 43.1% at the study site. Of 4511 patients screened, 68.1% were included in at least 1 stroke trial, 39.5% of whom were female. Screened women were older than screened men, median age (interquartile range) of 76 (66–83) versus 72 (61–80) years. Women showed higher odds than men of receiving comfort terminal care (OR, 1.53 [95% CI, 1.14–2.05]), being unable to provide informed consent (OR, 1.95 [95% CI, 1.54–2.47]) due to aphasia (OR, 2.79 [95% CI, 1.91–4.06]) or cognitive impairment (OR, 1.96 [95% CI, 1.30–2.95]), and being ineligible for study participation based on inclusion and exclusion criteria (OR, 1.28 [95% CI, 1.04–1.58]). When adjusting for age, women were not more likely than men to refuse study participation (OR, 1.09 [95% CI, 0.84–1.43]).

Conclusions
Female sex was associated with higher odds of exclusion from studies due to comorbidities and more severe neurological deficits. However, in our analysis women were not more likely to refuse study participation.
Invalid Trials Are Not Required to Observe Neural Correlates of Object-based Attention in Retinotopic Visual Cortex
Authors: Lytchenko Taissa K. , Maechler Marvin , Heller Nathan , Saleki Sharif , Tse Peter , Caplovitz Gideon P. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
A central debated question in the study of object-based attention (OBA) is whether attention to the object-mediated deployment of attention is obligatory and automatic [Chen, Z., & Cave, K. R. Reinstating object-based attention under positional certainty: The importance of subjective parsing. Perception & Psychophysics, 68, 992–1003, 2006] or whether the pattern of results is driven by other non-obligatory factors, such as prioritization of invalid target locations [Shomstein, S., & Yantis, S. Object-based attention: Sensory modulation or priority setting? Perception & Psychophysics, 64, 41–51, 2002]. However, virtually all behavioral measures attributed to OBA are based on examining performance on invalid-cue trials, the inclusion of which confounds the assessment of the automaticity hypothesis. Our approach to resolve this issue is to determine whether effects of OBA can be observed in a 100% valid cueing paradigm. In this article, we investigate the obligatory nature of OBA by leveraging the spatial specificity of fMRI and the retinotopic organization of early visual cortex. We aimed to identify potential neural correlates of OBA in the complete absence of invalid trials. Participants perform a version of the classic two-rectangle OBA paradigm while simultaneously measuring changes in BOLD signals arising from retinotopically organized cortical areas V1, V2, and V3. In the first half of the experiment, we used the classic two-rectangle OBA paradigm except that the cue was 100% valid. In the second half, we reduced cue validity to more closely match standard OBA paradigms (runs containing invalid trials). We analyzed BOLD signals arising from our ROIs in V1, V2, and V3 according to their topographic correspondences with the ends of the rectangles in the visual field and compared these. We then compared responses in each ROI according to where the cue had occurred (cued, uncued-same-object, uncued-other-object location). We replicated this procedure in Experiment 2, but changed the layout of the two rectangles from a vertical to a horizontal configuration. Critical result: We observed statistically significant effects of OBA in V3 (Experiment 1) and V1–2 (Experiment 2) in both the 100% valid runs and in runs containing invalid trials. Moreover, the effects of OBA were no smaller in the 100% runs compared with runs containing invalid trials. Conclusion: We see BOLD modulation at the uncued locations consistent with neural correlates of OBA.
Pro-environmental and Prosocial Decisions Share Neural Correlates
Authors: Corbi Zarah Le Houcq , Taşkıran Didem , Soutschek Alexander 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Previous evidence suggests a link between pro-environmental decisions and prosociality, but it remains unknown whether pro-environmental and prosocial decisions rely also on common neural mechanisms. Here, we tested the hypothesis that the neural correlates of pro-environmental decisions overlap with brain regions involved in prosociality, including the TPJ. To test this hypothesis, we used fMRI on 35 healthy participants performing pro-environmental and prosocial decision tasks as well as a control task for future-oriented decisions. As expected, pro-environmental and prosocial decision-making showed overlapping neural activation in regions belonging to the mentalizing network, including the TPJ. In addition, the TPJ moderated the attitude–behavior gap: Increasing TPJ activation was associated with lower attitude–behavior gaps. Taken together, our findings provide insight into the neurocognitive processes of pro-environmental decision-making by suggesting that pro-environmental decisions share neural correlates with prosocial decisions and by elucidating the role of the TPJ in the attitude–behavior gap.
Learning to live with the unresolved grief of migration: The ambiguity of leaving behind after the earthquake and adaptation
Authors: Albayrak Günday Eda , Gülırmak Güler Kübra 
Published: February 2025

Aim: This research examines the ambiguity of the migration process experienced by earthquake victims who had to migrate following the Kahramanmaraş-centered earthquake disaster in 2023 and their adaptation to their new lives. Background: The post-earthquake migration process can leave people with uncertainty and the problems that come with it. The uncertainty experienced by these individuals has not been addressed in the literature, and these experiences are important. Methods: In this study, which was conducted using the phenomenological research design, the snowball sampling method, one of the purposeful sampling methods, was used. The data was collected face-to-face with 19 earthquake victims through 30 to 40-min in-depth interviews. Colaizzi’s phenomenological analysis method was used to analyze the data obtained. Results: According to the analysis results, there are three main categories (From the Earthquake Shock to a New Life: The Journey of Migration and Adaptation, Identity Transformation Caused by Migration: The Adventure of Adapting to a New Life, Dreams and Goals for the Future: A New Beginning in the Pursuit of Hope) and five themes (Getting Lost in the Dark Labyrinths of Migration, The Difficult Journey of Adaptation After Migration, Loss of Identity and Cultural Storms, Broken Ropes and Longing Times, Future Plans and Optimism) that have emerged. Discussion: The research shows that migrating earthquake victims are in an environment of uncertainty where they do not know what to do, experience identity crises and cultural conflict after migration, long for the past, and have difficulty adapting. It is also noteworthy that immigrants remain generally optimistic and maintain their hopes for their future despite their problems. Practitioners serving immigrant populations are recommended to integrate grief and loss support into the spiritual care process through psychoeducation, assessments, and therapy.
Validity and reliability of the Turkish version of “The Occupational Circumstances Assessment Interview and Rating Scale” in rheumatic diseases
Authors: Akyurek Gokcen , Bumin Gonca , Onal Gozde , Unal Bilal , Gokmen Derya , Erden Abdulsamet , Kalyoncu Umut 
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Rheumatic diseases significantly impact daily activities, emphasizing the need to understand their occupational profiles. Identifying these profiles using the Occupational Circumstances Assessment Interview and Rating Scale can aid in tailoring treatment approaches. This study aimed to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of Occupational Circumstances Assessment Interview and Rating Scale in rheumatic diseases. Method: The scale’s internal construct validity was examined using the Rasch measurement model. Convergent validity of Turkish version of Occupational Circumstances Assessment Interview and Rating Scale was evaluated through Spearman’s correlation coefficient, assessing associations with the Community Integration Questionnaire, World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule, Second Version and Canadian Occupational Performance Measure. Results: Correlation analyses demonstrated a positive correlation between Turkish version of Occupational Circumstances Assessment Interview and Rating Scale Rasch-transformed scores and Canadian Occupational Performance Measure total ( r = 0.208; p = 0.009), along with negative correlations with Community Integration Questionnaire ( r = −0.210; p = 0.008) and World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule, Second Version ( r = −0.539; p < 0.000). Conclusion: Findings confirm Turkish version of Occupational Circumstances Assessment Interview and Rating Scale as a valid and reliable tool for assessing the occupational profiles of individuals with rheumatic diseases. It can guide treatment plans and help develop effective strategies to enhance daily life participation.
Safety and efficacy of percutaneous nephrolithotripsy versus retrograde intrarenal surgery for obese patients with pelvic 1.5:3 cm renal stones
Authors: Soliman Mohamed , Salem Tarek Abd El-Mageed , Metwally Bassem Adel Husein , Zaza Mohamed Mahmoud Abdelfatah 
Published: February 2025

Background: Retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) has recently made significant breakthroughs, drawing some attention to it as a secondary or alternative method of treating kidney stones. Objectives: To compare the safety and efficacy of the percutaneous nephrolithotripsy (PCNL) in the prone position vs retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) in surgical treatment of unilateral pelvic renal stones from 1.5 to 3 cm is size in adult obese patients with body mass index ⩾30. Methods: This prospective randomized comparative study was done at Helwan University Hospital. It was conducted on 120 patients with unilateral pelvic renal stones from 1.5 to 3 cm in largest diameter who was admitted through duration to compare the two procedures’ differences in terms of complications, analgesic use, hospital stay, operational time, and stone-free rates. Results: There was no significant difference between the two groups as regard stone free rate and complications. Stone free rate was 91.1% in PCNL group while it was 84.5% in RIRS group ( p-value = 0.314). The mean operative time for PCNL & RIRS groups was 96 ± 28.23 min and 119 ± 14.4 min, respectively ( p-value = 0.026). Mean hospital stay was 3.16 ± 0.77 days in PCNL group while it was 1.19 ± 0.69 days in RIRS group ( p-value < 0.001). Conclusion: RIRS can be used as the first option in obese individuals with 1.5 to 3 cm renal stones is based on the satisfactory results attained in the RIRS groups.
Suppression mechanism investigations on BVI noise of rotor with anhedral blade tip
Authors: Bian Wei , Zhao Qijun , Chen Xi , Wang Bo , Zhao Guoqing 
Published: February 2025

In order to capture the formation and evolution of blade tip vortex and blade vortex interaction (BVI) events, the high-fidelity hybrid TENO8-THINC reconstruction scheme is proposed to simulate unsteady flowfield of rotor. The hybrid scheme ensures robustness and stability in capturing the discontinuities while minimizing numerical dissipation in the smooth regions dominated by the tip vortices, thus significantly improving the detail capture ability of vortex field and providing accurate aerodynamic input for noise prediction. The noise characteristics of BVI state and non-BVI state are newly investigated by decomposing Farassat 1A formula into thickness, load amplitude and load derivative terms, and the results demonstrate that the dominant factor of BVI noise is the load derivative term. Then, the sound pressure time histories of oblique and parallel interaction regions of OLS rotor in BVI state are calculated and compared, and it indicates that oblique interaction on the advancing side has the greatest influence on BVI noise. Finally, parameter analysis of the influence of anhedral tip blades on BVI noise is carried out, illustrating that anhedral blade divides the main blade tip vortex into two vortex systems with similar intensity, which alleviates the strength of oblique interaction on the advancing side and parallel interaction, so as to achieve the purpose of BVI noise reduction, and the reduction of sound pressure level is nearly 5 dB.
The associations between attentional control, episodic memory, and Alzheimer's disease biomarkers of tau and neurodegeneration
Authors: Stojanovic Marta , Millar Peter R , McKay Nicole S , Aschenbrenner Andrew J , Balota David A , Hassenstab Jason , Benzinger Tammie LS , Morris John C , Ances Beau M 
Published: February 2025

Background While episodic memory decline is the most common cognitive symptom of Alzheimer's disease (AD), changes in attentional control have also been found to be sensitive to early AD pathology. The relations between longitudinal trajectories of these specific cognitive domains, especially attentional control, and biomarkers of tau and neurodegeneration have not been thoroughly examined. Objective We examined whether baseline tau positron emission tomography (PET) and cortical thickness, relatively later markers within the AD cascade, predicted cross-sectional and longitudinal changes in episodic memory and attentional control. Methods Cognitively normal individuals ([Clinical Dementia Rating CDR®] = 0; n = 249) at baseline completed a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), tau PET, and multiple assessments of episodic memory and attentional control. Generalized additive mixed-effects models examined whether tau PET summary measure and cortical thickness signature predicted cross-sectional and longitudinal trajectories of attentional control and episodic memory. Results Higher tau PET and lower MRI cortical thickness were generally associated with worse cross-sectional cognitive performance. Our exploratory analyses found cortex-wide associations between tau PET and episodic memory, with limited suggestions of region-specific associations with attentional control. On longitudinal follow-up, higher tau PET was associated with a greater decline in episodic memory. Conclusions These results indicate that tau PET is particularly sensitive to detecting longitudinal changes in episodic memory. This further informs relevant endpoints for clinical drug trials in cognitively normal individuals. Future studies might consider longer follow-ups and lag associations between changes in AD biomarkers and changes in cognition.
Regulation of glial ApoE secretion by the mevalonate pathway is independent of ApoE isoform
Authors: Milstein Joshua L , Kulas Joshua A , Kamal Aria , Lo An B , Ferris Heather A 
Published: February 2025

Background Lipids synthesized in astrocytes are distributed to other brain cells in high-density lipoprotein-like ApoE particles. ApoE, which is a powerful genetic risk factor for developing Alzheimer's disease, is secreted differently depending on genotype. Secretion of ApoE from mouse astrocytes is regulated by the mevalonate pathway. Objective We aimed to understand if the regulation of ApoE secretion from astrocytes by the mevalonate pathway was the same between mouse ApoE and ApoE from humanized mice, and if this is impacted by ApoE isoform. Methods Astrocyte-enriched glial cultures from wild-type and humanized ApoE targeted-replacement mice were treated with pharmacological inhibitors of various steps along the mevalonate pathway and ApoE in the conditioned media was measured. Results We show that statins and prenylation inhibitors, but not specific cholesterol inhibitors, reduce extracellular ApoE lipoparticle levels in astrocyte-enriched glial cultures, and that this occurs in cells harboring either the mouse ApoE or any of the three human ApoE genotypes to a similar extent. We find that geranylgeranylation modulates ApoE release from astrocytes, and it does so independent of ApoE genotype. Conclusions Our results suggest that prenylation broadly regulates ApoE secretion from astrocytes regardless of ApoE genotype, and that this is mediated specifically by geranylgeranylation. Therefore, our data implicates geranylgeranylation as a general mechanism modulating ApoE release from astrocytes, but likely is not responsible for the reported baseline differences in ApoE secretion seen in vivo and in vitro across genotypes.
Investigating the Effect of Elevation and Sex-Based Differences on Shoulder Proprioceptive Accuracy
Authors: Alexandrov Alexander , Morton Amy , Molino Janine , Pelusi Jonathan , Chrostek Cynthia A. , Crisco Joseph J. , Arcand Michel A. 
Published: February 2025

Background: Evaluating shoulder proprioception provides functional data that supplement imaging for the diagnosis/rehabilitation of rotator cuff injuries. There is a need for a system capable of establishing normal ranges for proprioceptive accuracy in healthy shoulders during unrestricted 3-dimensional motion. Purpose: To conduct passive joint position sense (JPS) testing in men and women with no history of shoulder injury using a novel testing system, identifying differences in proprioceptive accuracy based on sex, shoulder elevation, and crossbody position. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: We recruited 20 (10 male and 10 female) healthy participants aged between 18 and 25 years for JPS testing. Participants used a single wrist-worn sensor, and our primary outcome was errors in position matching (first guiding a participant's dominant arm from a neutral starting position to a target position and then having participants independently return from the start position to the same target) across 12 targets comprised of all possible combinations of shoulder elevation angles (EAs) (30°, 60°, 90°, and 120°) and crossbody angles (CAs) (0°, 45°, and 90°). A linear mixed model was employed to evaluate sex- and position-based differences in JPS accuracy. Results: Position-matching accuracy increased in both males and females as target EAs increased from 30° to 120° ( P < .001). The greatest EA position-matching accuracy in both sexes was observed at EAs of 90° and 120° ( P < .0001). A change in the direction of error was observed in both males and females as target EAs increased from 90° to 120°, transitioning from positive (overshooting) to negative (undershooting) error ( P < .005). A sex-based difference was observed at EAs of 60°, 90°, and 120° in the 90° CA plane, where females exhibited more negative CA matching error compared with males ( P < .01). Conclusion: Proprioceptive accuracy increased in both sexes at higher shoulder elevations. In the 90° CA plane, females demonstrated greater CA undershoot than males. Clinical Relevance: While magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasound are effective tools for determining the size/age of rotator cuff tears, they do not provide functional prognostic insight for pain or mobility. Proprioceptive testing, as a functional metric based on free shoulder motion, may assist in clinically characterizing a patient's shoulder injury and rehabilitative success at multiple time points.