bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An uncommon intestinal manifestation of feline infectious peritonitis: 26 cases (1986–1993)
Authors: Harvey Catherine Jane , Lopez Jorge Washington , Hendrick Mattie Jean 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To provide information on an uncommon intestinal manifestation of feline infectious peritonitis (FIP).

Design
Retrospective case series.

Animals
26 cats with FIP that had apparently solitary mural intestinal lesions.

Procedure
Histologic records of cats for which FIP had been diagnosed by examination of the surgical biopsy specimens were reviewed. Slides of tissue samples from cats identified in the histologic record as having had intestinal lesions were reviewed by the investigators, and records of cats that appeared to have had solitary mural intestinal lesions were included in the study. Information including signalment; history; physical examination findings; results of hematologic, serum biochemical, and serologic analyses; findings at surgery; and results of histologic examination of biopsy specimens were retrieved from these records and supplemented by medical records and additional information obtained from veterinarians submitting the biopsy samples. ABC immunoperoxidase staining was used to detect FIP virus antigen in tissues from cats whose records were selected for inclusion in the study.

Results
26 of 156 cats with a histologic diagnosis of FIP had apparently solitary mural intestinal lesions. Predominant clinical signs were diarrhea and vomiting for 3 months or less before biopsy. All cats had a mass, believed to be a neoplasm, in the colon or ileocecocolic junction. Affected intestine was markedly thickened, nodular, firm, and white, with muitifocal pyogranulomas extending throughout the wall of the intestine on histologic examination. Associated lymph nodes were large. Results of immunohistochemical staining were positive for FIP virus. Most cats were euthanatized or died within 9 months of histologic results, many with signs of multisystemic FIP.

Clinical Implications
The apparent focal nature of intestinal lesions at surgery leads to a different clinical picture than usually seen with FIP, and masses often are believed to be neoplasms. Diagnosis of FIP is important to prevent exposure and infection of other cats. Evaluation of the entire abdominal cavity, biopsy of visible lesions as well as surrounding organs, and postmortem examination are recommended. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1996;209:1117-1120)
Jejunocolostomy or ileocolostomy for treatment of cecal impaction in horses: Nine cases (1985–1995)
Authors: Gerard Mathew P. , Bowman Karl F. , Blikslager Anthony T. , Tate Lloyd P. , Bristol David G. 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To determine whether complete cecal bypass, by jejunocolostomy or ileocolostomy, is an effective treatment for horses with cecal impaction.

Design
Retrospective analysis of medical records.

Animals
9 horses with cecal impaction managed by jejunocolostomy (3) or ileocolostomy (6) performed with or without typhlotomy for evacuation of cecal contents.

Procedure
Information on age, breed, gender, duration of medical treatment, preoperative abnormalities, surgical procedure, and postoperative complications was retrieved from the medical records. Follow-up data were obtained via telephone interview with owners.

Results
6 males and 3 females between 9 and 24 years old (median, 14 years) were included. Five of 9 horses had signs of mild pain associated with reintroduction of food after surgery. All 7 horses for which follow-up information was available were still alive between 7 and 54 months (median, 1.5 years) after surgery.

Clinical Implications
Jejunocolostomy or ileocolostomy resulted in apparently permanent resolution of cecal impaction in these horses and acceptable long-term outcomes. Mild signs of abdominal pain associated with the onset of feeding can be expected in the early postoperative period. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1996;209:1287–1290)
Closed reduction and type-II external fixation of comminuted fractures of the radius and tibia in dogs: 23 cases (1990–1994)
Authors: Johnson Ann L. , Seitz Susan E. , Smith C. W. , Johnson Janna M. , Schaeffer David J. 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To describe a technique for closed reduction of and application of a type-II external fixator to comminuted fractures of the radius and tibia in dogs and to evaluate outcome of the technique in a series of client-owned dogs.

Design
Retrospective case series.

Animals
23 dogs that underwent closed reduction of severely comminuted (≥ 5 fragments); mid-diaphyseal radial (n = 9); and tibial (n = 14) fractures and stabilization with a type-II external fixator.

Procedure
Radiographs were made postoperatively and every 4 to 6 weeks until the fixator was removed. The effect of type of fracture (open vs closed), type of pins (threaded vs smooth), and number of fixation pins on surgery time, time between surgery and development of bridging callus, and time between surgery and removal of the fixator was evaluated using one-sided Student's t-tests.

Results
21 fractures healed after a single surgery. Two dogs with radial fractures required a second procedure because of complications. All fractures healed with the original fixation device in place. Mean time between surgery and the development of bridging callus was 11.4 weeks (range, 4 to 22 weeks), and mean time between surgery and fixator removal was 14.7 weeks (range, 4 to 27 weeks). Type of fracture, type of pins, and number of fixation pins did not have a significant effect on surgery time, time to development of bridging callus, or time to fixator removal.

Clinical Implications
Closed reduction and application of a type-II external fixator was an effective method of treating severely comminuted radial and tibial fractures. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1996;209:1445–1448)
Systemic arterial blood pressure and urine protein/creatinine ratio in dogs with hyperadrenocorticism
Authors: Ortega Theresa M. , Feldman Edward C. , Nelson Richard W. , Willits Neil , Cowgill Larry D. 
Published: December 2023

Objective—
To determine prevalence and severity of systemic arterial hypertension and proteinuria in dogs with naturally developing hyperadrenocorticism and to determine whether these abnormalities resolve with adequate management of the disease.

Design—
Case series and cohort study.

Animals—
77 dogs with naturally developing hyperadrenocorticism examined once; 15 dogs examined before and after treatment.

Results—
Among dogs examined only once, hypertension was diagnosed in 21 of 26 dogs with untreated pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism (PDH), 17 of 21 with inadequately controlled PDH, 8 of 16 with well-controlled PDH, 10 of 10 with an untreated adrenocortical tumor, and 0 of 4 that had undergone adrenalectomy because of an adrenocortical tumor. Untreated dogs and dogs with inadequately controlled PDH had significantly higher blood pressures than did other dogs. Proteinuria was documented in 12 of 26 dogs with untreated PDH, 5 of 16 with inadequately controlled PDH, 3 of 14 with well-controlled PDH, 5 of 8 with an untreated adrenocortical tumor, and 1 of 3 that had undergone adrenalectomy. Dogs with untreated PDH and dogs with an untreated adrenocortical tumor had higher urine protein/creatinine ratios than did dogs with well-controlled PDH. Among dogs evaluated before and after treatment, blood pressure and urine protein/creatinine ratio did not change in 8 dogs with inadequately controlled hyperadrenocorticism, but decreased in 7 dogs with well-controlled disease.

Clinical Implications—
Results suggest that systemic hypertension and proteinuria are common in dogs with untreated hyperadrenocorticism and that successful treatment of hyperadrenocorticism will result in resolution of these abnormalities in many, but not all, dogs. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1996;209:1724–1729)
Heat-induced illness in dogs: 42 cases (1976–1993)
Authors: Drobatz Kenneth J. , Macintire Douglass K. 
Published: December 2023

Objective—
To determine the typical history of and physical and clinicopathologic findings in dogs with heat-induced illness, and to correlate these findings with outcome.

Design—
Retrospective study.

Animals—
42 dogs with heat-induced illness.

Procedure—
Dogs were included in the study if other medical problems had not been previously diagnosed and if clinical signs of illness developed after exposure to a warm environment. Information obtained from each record included time of year heat-induced illness developed, signalment, history, clinical signs, physical examination findings, results of clinicopathologic tests, treatment, clinical course, outcome, and necropsy results.

Results—
Overall, 27 dogs survived and 15 died or were euthanatized. Time of year was recorded for 40 dogs. Thirty-one of the 40 were examined before July. Hypothermia and coma at the time of initial examination were associated with a poor outcome. Serum cholesterol, albumin, and total protein concentrations were significantly lower, serum total bilirubin and creatinine concentrations were significantly higher, and ventricular arrhythmias were detected significantly more frequently in dogs that did not survive than in dogs that did. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1996;209:1894–1899)
Microbiological study of transtracheal aspirates from dogs with suspected lower respiratory tract disease: 264 cases (1989-1995)
Authors: Angus John C. , Jang Spencer S. , Hirsh Dwight C. 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To determine the most commonly isolated bacterial species associated with lower respiratory tract disease of dogs and to determine susceptibility of these isolates to antimicrobial agents.

Design
Retrospective case series.

Sample Population
Transtracheal aspirates from 264 dogs with clinical evidence of lower respiratory tract disease.

Procedure
Records of microbiological analyses of transtracheal aspirates obtained from dogs with clinical evidence of lower respiratory tract disease were reviewed. Analyses performed included bacterial culture (anaerobic and aerobic organisms) and susceptibility testing (aerobic organisms). The medical record of each affected dog was evaluated to determine signalment and underlying condition.

Results
Bacteria were isolated from 116 of 264 (44%) samples, and 203 bacterial species were identified. Most (57%) of the samples from which bacteria could be isolated contained a single species, whereas 43% yielded cultures of mixed species. Bacterial species belonging to the family Enterobacteriaceae (particularly Escherichia coli) were isolated most commonly (45.7% of samples contained members of this group), followed by members of the genus Pasteurella (22.4%), obligate anaerobes (21.6%). β-hemolytic Streptococcus (12.1 %), Bordetella bronchiseptica (12.1%), nonhemolytic Streptococcus/Enterococcus sp group (12.1%), coagulase-positive Staphylococcus (9.5%). and Pseudomonas sp (7.8%), The most active antimicrobial drugs (inhibiting > 90% of the isolates) for aerobic microorganisms encountered most often (E coli and Pasteurella sp) included amikacin, ceftizoxime sodium, enrofloxacin, and gentamicin sulfate.

Clinical Implications
Amikacin, ceftizoxime, enrofloxacin, and gentamicin may be rational choices for treatment of suspected infectious lower respiratory tract disease of dogs. before identification of the causative agent(s) and before results of susceptibility tests become available. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1997;210:55–58)
Survey of diplomates of the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine and the American College of Veterinary Surgeons regarding clinical aspects and treatment of endotoxemia in horses
Authors: Shuster R. , Traub-Dargatz J. , Baxter G. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
A questionnaire designed to elicit information concerning prevalence, underlying causes, diagnosis, prevention, treatment, and complications of endotoxemia in horses was mailed to diplomates of the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine and the American College of Veterinary Surgeons who identified themselves as equine practitioners. Gastrointestinal tract compromise, conditions associated with foaling, and grain overload were reported to be the most common clinical conditions that led to endotoxemia. Laminitis was the most commonly reported complication. Most of the respondents diagnosed endotoxemia on the basis of the following clinical and laboratory findings: neutropenia, leukopenia, hyperemic mucous membranes, tachycardia, and fever. Treatments used to attempt to prevent development of endotoxemia or to treat horses with endotoxemia included iv fluids and administration of broad-spectrum antimicrobials and flunixin meglumine. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1997; 210:87–92)
Prevalence and inheritance of and selection for elbow arthrosis in Bernese Mountain Dogs and Rottweilers in Sweden and benefit:cost analysis of a screening and control program
Authors: Swenson Lennart , Audell Lars , Hedhammar Åke 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To determine the prevalence and changes over time in the prevalence of elbow arthrosis in Bernese Mountain Dogs and Rottweilers, to ascertain whether prevalence or severity of elbow arthrosis was associated with sex of the dogs, age at the time of elbow joint examination, or ancestral background, to determine the effects of selective breeding, and to conduct an economic evaluation of the elbow arthrosis program operated by the Swedish Kennel Club.

Design
Analysis of radiographic evaluations of elbow joint conformity.

Animals
4,515 dogs from 2 breeds registered by the Swedish Kennel Club.

Procedure
All radiographs were scrutinized by a single radiologist (LA), and elbow joint conformation was classified as normal or arthrotic, with the degree of arthrosis classified as 1, 2, or 3.

Results
Decreasing prevalence of elbow arthrosis corresponding to selection of breeding stock and high heritabilities was found. Sex differences were documented in both breeds, but with contradictory directions. This was interpreted as breed differences in the distribution of genes related to elbow arthrosis. Economic analyses showed that costs of screening and registration of elbow joints was less than the value of dogs estimated to have been saved from moderate and severe elbow arthrosis in both breeds.

Clinical Implications
Documented effects of age suggest that all dogs should be screened at the same age, rather than screening a few dogs at an older, more revealing age. In screening and control programs based on an open registry with access to family records, decreasing prevalence of elbow arthrosis can be expected, and related to selection of breeding stock.
Seroprevalence of antibodies to Sarcocystis neurona in horses residing in Ohio
Authors: Saville William J. , Reed Stephen M. , Granstrom David E. , Hinchcliff Kenneth W. , Kohn Catherine W. , Wittum Thomas E. , Stamper Shelby 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To determine the seroprevalence of serum antibodies to Sarcocystis neurona in horses residing in Ohio.

Design
Prevalence survey.

Sample Population
Serum from samples from 1,056 horses. Serum was collected on every 36th sample submitted to the Ohio State Diagnostic Laboratory for testing for equine infectious anemia.

Procedure
Serum was frozen at −80 C and analyzed for antibodies to S neurona, using a western blot. Information regarding blood sample collection, age, breed, sex, and geographic location was recorded for each horse. Data were analyzed, using multivariable logistic regression.

Results
Horses of 37 breeds from 81 of Ohio's 88 counties were included in the study population. There were 481 females, 133 males, and 442 geldings ranging in age from 3 months to 27 years; > 48% were < 5.6 years old. More than 53% of samples were seropositive for antibodies to S neurona. A gender or breed effect on seroprevalence was not identified. There was a significant effect of age (P ≤ 0.0001; with older horses more likely to be affected), and of location (statistical and extension districts; P = 0.02 and P = 0.03, respectively) on seroprevalence. Location effects appeared to be correlated to the number of days with temperatures below freezing (P < 0.05).

Clinical Implications
The high seroprevalence of antibodies to S neurona found in the sample population emphasizes the importance of examining CSF for S neurona-specific antibodies when establishing a diagnosis of equine protozoal myeloencephalitis. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1997;210:519–524)
Intussusception in cattle: 336 cases (1964-1993)
Authors: Constable P. D. , Jean G. St. , Hull B. L. , Rings D. M. , Morin D. E. , Nelson D. R. 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To evaluate risk factors and to describe clinical and laboratory findings, surgical management, and postoperative outcome for cattle with intussusception.

Design
Hospital-based, case-control epidemiologic study and retrospective case series.

Sample Population
Medical records of cattle admitted to 17 veterinary medical teaching hospitals in North America.

Procedure
Epidemiologic analysis of demographic data and detailed analysis of medical records for selected cattle.

Results
336 cattle with intussusception were identified, 281 had small intestinal, 7 had ileocolic, 12 had cecocolic, and 36 had colocolic intussusceptions. Sex and season were not significantly associated with cattle developing intussusception, whereas calves < 2 months old were at greater risk of developing small intestinal intussusception than older cattle. Analysis of medical records of 57 cattle with intussusception revealed that these cattle were mildly hyponatremic, hypochloremic, hypocalcemic, azotemic, and hyperglycemic. Right flank laparotomy with a cow in a standing position, followed by intestinal resection and end-to end anastomosis, was the most common means of surgical correction. Overall survival rate (20/57; 35%) and postoperative survival rate (20/46; 43%) for cattle with intussusception were much lower than previously reported.

Clinical Implications
Although rare in cattle, intussusception was most common in calves < 2 months old. Survival rate for cattle treated for intussusception was low (<50%).
Association between pelvic muscle mass and canine hip dysplasia
Authors: Cardinet George H. , Kass Philip H. , Wallace Larry J. , Guffy Mark M. 
Published: December 2023

Objective—
To investigate the relationship between pelvic muscle mass and development and expression of canine hip dysplasia (CHD).

Design—
Prospective study.

Animals—
5 Greyhounds with anatomically normal hip joints, 59 German Shepherd Dogs (23 with CHD, 24 with near-normal hip joints, and 12 with normal hip joints), and 18 German Shepherd Dog-Greyhound crossbreeds (7 with CHD, 6 with near-normal hip joints, and 5 with normal hip joints) between 12 and 47 months old in which pelvic muscle mass was evaluated. Pectineal muscle and hip joint development were evaluated in 25 German Shepherd Dogs at 8 and 16 or 24 weeks of age.

Procedures—
For evaluation of pelvic muscle mass, individual pelvic muscles were weighed and hip joints were assigned a score on the basis of severity of degenerative changes, For evaluation of pectineal muscle development, muscle sections were stained and examined.

Results—
Pelvic muscle mass was greatest in Greyhounds, intermediate in crossbred dogs, and smallest in German Shepherd Dogs. Differences in pelvic muscle mass among breeds were attributable to differences in weights of individual muscles. Hip score was negatively correlated with pelvic muscle mass and weights of selected pelvic muscles. Dogs with pectineal hypotrophy at 8 weeks of age had type-2 muscle fiber paucity or muscle fiber-type grouping at 16 or 24 weeks of age. At 8 weeks of age, hip joints were composed of multiple centers of ossification, and the acetabulum was largely cartilaginous. By 24 weeks of age, the pelvic bones were largely, although incompletely, fused.

Clinical Implications—
Diminished pelvic muscle mass in dogs with CHD and altered muscle fiber size and composition in 8-week-old dogs that subsequently develop CHD strongly suggest that abnormalities of pelvic musculature are associated with development of CHD. The complex development of the hip joint from multiple centers of ossification may make the joint susceptible to abnormal modeling forces that would result from abnormalities in pelvic muscle mass. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1997;210:1466–1473)
Effect of racing on serum sodium and potassium concentrations and acid-base status of Alaskan sled dogs
Authors: Hinchcliff Kenneth W. , Reinhart Gregory A. , Burr John R. , Schreier Curt J. , Swenson Richard A. 
Published: December 2023

Objective—
To examine the effect of participation in a long-distance race on serum electrolyte concentrations, estimated exchangeable cation content, and acid-base status of Alaskan sled dogs.

Design—
Prospective study.

Animals—
9 male and 5 female, sexually intact, physically fit Alaskan sled dogs between 18 and 48 months old.

Procedure—
Body weight was recorded, and blood samples were collected from dogs before, during, and after a 300-mile race.

Results—
Serum sodium and potassium concentrations decreased during the race, as did serum total protein, albumin, and globulin concentrations and PCV. Effects on acid-base status were minimal. Body weight and estimated total exchangeable cation content in dogs also decreased significantly during the race.

Clinical Implications—
Prolonged running is associated with decreases in serum cation concentration and estimated total exchangeable cation content in dogs, as in human beings and horses. However, the mechanism of the decrease in serum cation concentration likely differs among species. Clinical abnormalities associated with cation depletion were not observed in the dogs in this study. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1997;210: 1615–1618)
Evaluation of cartilage lesions on the medial femoral condyle as a cause of lameness in horses: 11 cases (1988-1994)
Authors: Schneider Robert K. , Jenson Paul , Moore Rustin M. 
Published: December 2023

Objective—
To evaluate clinical findings and response to treatment in horses in which cartilage lesions on the medial femoral condyle were a cause of lameness.

Design—
Retrospective case series.

Sample Population—
Medical records of 11 horses that had cartilage lesions on the medial femoral condyle detected during arthroscopy of the stifle.

Procedure—
Signalment, history, lameness examination, response to intra-articular anesthesia, radiographs of the stifle, observations during diagnostic arthroscopy, and treatment were extracted from the medical record of each horse. Follow-up examinations and outcome were available for all horses.

Results—
All horses in the study had lameness, but their gait improved after intra-articular injection of anesthetic. Abnormalities were not observed on radiography of the stifle. Diagnostic arthroscopy was performed on 12 affected joints in 11 horses. Cartilage was dimpled, wrinkled, and infolded, and a blunt arthroscopic probe could be inserted into the subchondral bone. In addition to focal lesions, 4 horses had generalized damage to cartilage on the medial femoral condyle. Focal cartilage lesions on the femoral condyle were debrided. In 2 horses. debridement was not performed because of extensive generalized damage to the cartilage. Six of 7 horses with focal cartilage lesions treated by debridement recovered completely and resumed previous activities.

Clinical Implications—
Cartilage lesions on the medial femoral condyle can cause lameness in performance horses. Diagnostic arthroscopy is necessary to make an accurate diagnosis. Debridement of focal cartilage lesions may allow some horses to successfully resume performance activities. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1997;210:1649–1652)