bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact et sens. L’évaluation de la communication publique
Authors: Champris Arnaud de 
Published: January 2024

Impact and Meaning : Development of and Research into Public Communication Assessment Methods
Over the last ten years, European sensitivities and mentalities have evolved. In light of these changes, are the tools for measuring, controlling, and assessing, and thus, for formulating public communication still as performant ? Wouldn’t it be advisable to re-evaluate the reliability and validity of the system, qualitatively and quantitatively ? On the other hand, it is necessary to implement means of evaluating the real impact of communication not directly endorsed by the market. A new question arises : that of interpretation and meaning.
Au cœur du processus de décision européen : le Comité des représentants permanents (COREPER)
Authors: Rutten Charles , Ziller Jacques 
Published: January 2024

At the Center of the European Decision making Process : the Committee of Permanent Representatives (COREPER)
Formally, the role of COREPER is to prepare Council decisions. In practice, however, COREPER is responsible for attempting to resolve problems and not only to prepare discussions. COREPER members, thus, hold community and national responsibilities. The permanent representatives also play the role of mediators between government and members of parliament, in particular to explain to MEPs the positions of governments that they represent. The increasing divergence in political and administrative cultures, the language problem, difficult to resolve with the progressive enlargement of the EC could lead to the asphyxiation of community procedures unless the EC untertakes substantial structural reforms.
Démocratie et réformes administratives : les cas de l’Argentine et de l’Uruguay
Authors: Ouelette Roger 
Published: January 2024

Democracy and Administrative Reforms : the Cases of Argentina and Uruguay
After several years of successive military regimes, Argentina and Uruguay returned to democracy, in 1983 and 1984 respectively. The civil service was then in the image of the dictatorial societies : the ‘spoils System’, over-crowded and underpaid staff, corruption, etc. French-inspired reforms were undertaken with the establishment of a training program for higher civil servants and the creation of an interministerial body in Argentina. In these two countries, however, the reform process was interrupted. it seems that it has not yet succeeded in changing the political culture.
Le Commissaire parlementaire pour l’administration au Royaume-Uni
Authors: Reid William 
Published: January 2024

The Parliamentary Commissioner for administration in the UK.
Since the Parliamentary Commissioner was established in 1967 as an expression of Parliamentary control over Government, its jurisdiction has considerably expanded. It has a dual role : first he aims to redress the grievances due to misadministration ; secondly, he identifies causes of injustice and recomands solutions, which are in most of the cases, accepted and implemented. Considering the development of executive agencies, the role of the Parliamentary Commissioner becomes still more significant in helping to ensure that appropriate standards of public probity and fairness will be maintained.
La médiation à l’échelon régional : l’expérience italienne des Difensori Civici
Authors: Sacchetti Maria-Chiara 
Published: January 2024

The Italian Experiment in Difensori Civici.
The institution of difensore civico appeared in a political and cultural context during the implementation of regional reform. At first grafted onto the administrative organization of three regions, it was later extended to nearly the entire country. Its jurisdiction, limited to regional administration, exceeded in practice the strict boundaries it had been granted. Paradoxically, however, and in a sudden and inexplicable reversal, the legislator recently halted its development and reduced its potential, rendering the citizen’s finding his way through the legal labyrinth even more daunting.
Le Défenseur du peuple espagnol et la justice
Authors: Gil Robles Alvaro 
Published: January 2024

The Defender of the People and Justice.
The Defender of the People has been established under the 1978 Constitution, and defined as a Parliamentarily-elected commissioner ensuring respect of civil rights and freedoms. He controls the administration and informs Parliament of his activities. His jurisdiction extends to ail administrations. Although he cannot or should not intervene in the powers of the judiciary, he can investigate the defects of judicial procedures, according to specifie procedures. Far from being a source of tension, the intervention of the Defender of the People in the judicial area has proved to be a positive influence.
Contrôle, évaluation, inspection
Authors: Pattyn Christian 
Published: January 2024

Control, Evaluation, Inspection.
Control, evaluation and inspection functions are particularly acute ones for cultural affairs administration. They deal with a multiplicity of organizations more or less linked to the ministerial department. Furthermore, the mere question of administrative control is a delicate one in the context of the necessary freedom of cultural choice. This could explain the ambiguities in the legal and conceptual framework of control, evaluation and inspection functions. A better use of these functions within the Ministry of culture is subject to two conditions : development of training and a clarification of competences.
La réforme «managérialiste» du Civil Service britannique depuis 1979 : Limites pratiques
Authors: Keraudren Philippe 
Published: January 2024

Managerialist Reform of the British Civil Service since 1979 : practical limits.
Since Mrs Thatcher came to power, managerialism is officially presented as the only intellectual source of Civil Service reform. Management has been used to achieve two objectives : rolling back the State, and having a better State. As far as the first one is concerned, notwithstanding privatizations and public service contractualization, and although the number of civil servants has dramatically decreased, public expenditure continued their progression, and the rate of Civil Service costs within public expenditure stagnated. For second objective, wasting has been reduced and cost rationalization has given appreciable results. But actions on administrative organization and human resources did not bring the achievements which were looked for.
La formation des fonctionnaires de l’État chinois. De l’instruction politico-idéologique à la formation professionnelle
Authors: Zhu Guobin 
Published: January 2024

Training Policy and Practice and Civil Service Reform in Chinese Government.
China is engaged in important economical and political reforms, and undertakes a radical restructuring of its civil service at the same time. In this context, implementing a new status for civil servants and introducing new training practices tends to enhance administrative productivity and foster relations with the public. Career civil servants and political officials are distinguished among government officers, local institutes of administration are to be created in a sufficient number, a more decentralized management of human resources has to be introduced, and civil servants have to be aware of the needs of socialist legality.
L’influence de l’intégration européenne
Authors: Battini Stefano 
Published: January 2024

The Influence of European Integration
European integration influences the Italian administration in three ways, directly or indirectly. Taking interests in account strengthens the organic links between national and community administrations ; it also leads, functionally, to the development of complex procedures which go through both levels — national and supranational. The role of public authorities in the economy is being modified : numerous old schemes and direct modes of intervention have been replaced by indirect ones. Centre-periphery relationships have changed too : a new system of competences — exclusive and concurring — is being set up, with numerous structural adaptations, new instruments, new interventions and objectives to be coordinated between various levels of government.
Le citoyen et l’administration
Authors: Della Cananea Giacinto 
Published: January 2024

The Citizen and Administration
The birth of the republican state and the adoption of the Constitution of 1948 have led to a more balanced relationship between citizens and administration. The implementation of certain constitutional principles, which only started in the sixties, has progressively led to a general change of the framework of citizen/administration relationships, which were previously dominated by the opposition between authority and liberty. Since twenty years, a number of elements have accentuated this evolution : a better protection of the citizen against administration, the participation of citizens, the development of contractualization, the evolution of social rights and the growing influence of private and EC law. This has led — at least partially — to a redefinition of the concept of citizen.
Les structures administratives des parlements — Perspectives comparatives
Authors: Tocanne Vincent 
Published: January 2024

The Administrative Structures of Parliaments. A Comparative Perspective.
Comparing the administrative structures of Parliaments shows some constant features linked to the nature of the institution. All parliamentary assemblies share a common appearance in three major aspects : the administrative functions of the political instances which manage assemblies, the leading role of the highest officials of the assemblies and the big units which structure the parliamentary administrations. Nevertheless, it is not possible to find one typical organisational pattern : this is reassuring, as the sovereign assemblies are fully free to decide outside of any guidelines.
Le Département d’État : une administration d’étrangers ou une étrange administration ?
Authors: Wilsford David 
Published: January 2024

The United States Department of State A Government of Strangers or a Strange Government ?
Within American government, the United States Department is typical of a fragmented ‘stateless’ bureaucracy. It shares a great deal of power with the Congress, interest groups and the mass media, and has seen its influence gradually eroded by the White House and the Department of Defense. Because other institutional actors are structurally very strong in the American political System, the American Department of State is correspondingly less powerful within its universe compared to its counterparts in most advanced industrial democracies. It is both a ‘government of strangers’ and a ‘strange government’. Nonetheless, as an actor on the international stage, the American Department of State is powerful because of the position of the United States on the geopolitical scene.
Diplomatie et administration
Authors: Robin Gabriel 
Published: January 2024

Diplomacy and Administration.
At first glance, diplomacy seems yet another branch of administration. However, diplomats and administrators live in very different spheres, foreign to each other, often meeting but never coinciding. Administration is installed in hierarchical, closed and stable System, whereas diplomacy acts in a contractual and open System. This basic différence engenders many others which may affect as well the differences in functioning between the administrator and the diplomat or which may affect their psychology. These important différences should not hide the necessary complementarity between diplomacy and administrations.
Ambitions et réalités du développement social urbain dans le Rhône dans les années 80-90
Authors: Carrère Gilbert 
Published: January 2024

Ambitions and Realities of Urban Social Development in the Rhone Department in the Eighties and Nineties
The suburban discontent - which is not a specifically French phenomenon - has shown the fragility of the "social web" and the risk of explosions. The specific actions led in the Lyon region by the actors of urban social development ("summer for the young", housing renewal, improvement of transport) are quite interesting. Nevertheless they are pin-pointed and only partially meet the structural issues of suburbs. Elaborating a global system of urban social development is thus essential and goes through challenging the classical urban planing schemes, through the development of a real public services’ settling plan and through a renewed flexibility in the use of national and local subsidies.
Prévenir la délinquance
Authors: Lyon-Caen Pierre 
Published: January 2024

Preventing Criminality
In early times, powers were clearly allocated between executive and judiciary in criminal matters, but the evolution in this field leads to an adaptation of these principles. This is why the judiciary is more and more often associated to preventive action against criminality, which is normally public administration’s field. This collaboration leads to a complementarity of means and actions used in towns, for instance with "conditional closing", or -more specifically in difficult districts -with the settling of judicial antennas or specific actions for prisoners and drug addicts. The number and quality have an impact on efficiency for the judiciary, those to be tried, public administration and the user, and they show an evolution of the spirit and content of judicial and administrative missions.
Politique de la ville et mouvement associatif
Authors: Delarue Jean-Marie , Djerdoubi Mokhtar , Vinolas Didier 
Published: January 2024

Debate : Associations and Urban Policy
Associations which are best placed for exchanges and concertation between the partners of urban policy are a main support in this field. Nevertheless, they encounter many problems : those linked to their being set up and recognised, those of legal and social links with the State, and those of matching means and objectives. The latter raise a fundamental question : what should be the role of associations according to the institutional partners of urban policy and how far are these ready to support this action by integrating it as an indispensable part of urban policy ? Searching for more clarity in the definition of association’s role in urban policy would benefit everybody.
L’Inner City Policy en Grande-Bretagne
Authors: Le Galès Patrick , Parkinson Michael 
Published: January 2024

Inner City Policy in Great Britain
The British urban policy has been progressively established during the sixties as a response to the difficulties of rapid urbanisation resulting from the industrial revolution of the XIXth century. However neither the efforts undertaken at a social and economic level by labour as well as tory governments nor the definition of new partnerships through numerous development or rehabilitation programmes have produced the awaited results. Until yet, urban policy has not matched the structural problems which could only be solved in the framework of a radical transformation of the British State and of a redefinition of its means of intervention.
La mise en place de la fonction publique en Hongrie
Authors: Balázs István 
Published: January 2024

Setting-up of the Civil Service in Hungaria.
In the period previous to the change of regime in 1990, the Civil Service had shown some differences from the socialist model by giving more importance to professional qualifications and to individual aptitudes. In 1990, the change of the general orientation occured without compromising the quality of the administrative work, and the 1992 reform was made calmly. However, because Act XXIII of 1992 does not provide the whole Hungarian Civil Service whith a general framework, it is deceiving. It does not cover the development of the new system of initial and in-service training of civil servants. The particularism of the Civil Service at the local level is not enough taken into account. Finally, the absence of a general view of Civil Service management is problematic. To resolve these problems, it is necessary to consider a review of the Civil Service Act.
Vers une gestion intégrée des finances publiques -Principes et illustration : le cas de la Colombie
Authors: Tobelem Alain 
Published: January 2024

Integrated Financial Management -Principles and Illustrations : Colombia’s Case.
If we consider the general crisis of confidence that all public administrations suffer, but mostly those of the emerging countries, the integrated financial public management can be an instrument to their modernization. It will allow them to find again the credibility necessary to the success of the efforts to improve the definition of politics and the productivity of resources use. It will make easier the passage from an age of extravagant waste, during the last thirty years, to an age of increasing efficiency, that is still to be created. Colombia’s experience, one which has been widely implemented, illustrates the necessity to realize a real integrated management.
La modernisation administrative en Allemagne : «du vieux vin dans de nouvelles bouteilles»
Authors: Derlien Hans-Ulrich 
Published: January 2024

Administrative Modernization in Germany : Old Wine in New Bottles.
The issue of public sector modernization appeared on the scene in Germany in 1991. Before that, Germany had undergone two major reform programs, between 1965 and 1975, and after reunification. Three major objectives were attributed to the modernization program : to limit the scope of public activity, to reduce personnel costs, and to proceed with structural reforms. The main goal essentially being to reduce spending, questions relative to public service ethics are therefore not addressed. This tends to demonstrate that long-term effects of this type of modernization have not been taken into consideration, hence the necessity to improve these reforms might arise in the coming years.
L’administration en zone rurale
Authors: Seele Günter 
Published: January 2024

Administration in Rural Areas.
In Germany the local government in rural areas operates at two levels : municipalities and districts (Kreise). Districts have a certain degree of administrative autonomy and are composed of a representative assembly and an executive. Municipalities have greater prerogatives in the management of local affairs. Nevertheless, these two levels of local government often cooperate with each other and exercise their various powers jointly. Thus, the districts assist and advise the smaller municipalities, while at the same time they sometimes call upon the municipalities to carry out certain tasks.
La dynamique de coopération nordique : Norden, Baltikum, Barents
Authors: Simoulin Vincent 
Published: January 2024

The Dynamics of Nordic Co-operation : Norden, Baltikum Barents.
The countries of Northern Europe have not remained unaffected by the profound changes which have occurred in Europe over the last ten years. The policy of Nordic co-operation, conducted amongst the Nordic countries, has suffered the repercussions of the acceleration of West European integration and the upsets of Eastern Europe. Hence the Nordic countries have been obliged to reformulate their policy of co-operation. This process has involved a redefinition of the position of these countries vis-à-vis the European Union, but also necessitated taking into account the Baltic question, which has led to a new expression of closeness amongst the countries of Northern Europe, notably with the creation of a counsel of the Baltic States.
La concertation en matière sociale
Authors: Prud'homme Nicole 
Published: January 2024

Engaging in Dialogue About Social Matters
Nicole Prud'homme
Social actions benefiting civil servants is not widely known about. It has been in operation for a long time in various different ministries, but its interministerial aspect is a relatively recent occurence. It has taken effect in the context of a body called the Interministerial Committee for Social Action and the regional sections of these Committee, the creation of which is very recent. Through theses structures a particular form of equal representation for opposing sides has been introduced. These results have been more than satisfactory, even if further efforts are still needed. They are wedded to the introduction of new mechanisms which overtum current practices or regulations. In the context of State reform it is the Minister for Finance, in particular, who must change his attitude and modify his decisions which, at the end of the day, constitute a saving for no-one.
Les citoyens au coeur du service public ?
Authors: Gaillard Roland 
Published: January 2024

Are Citizens at the Heart of the Public Sector ?
Roland Gaillard
Our trade union insists upon the fact that administrative reform, passing through renovation of the public service, has now arrived at State reform, without at any stage allowing the citizens of this country to be consulted on the consequences in the area of the institutional organisation of the "unitary and indivisible" Republic and with regard to the mode of operation of our democracy as developed by our culture and our history. Are the govemment's proposais capable of responding better to the aspirations of ail citizens and of reinforcing democracy within our country ? Can they better ensure social cohesion and national solidarity ? Can they better promote the principles of equality and secularism of the Republic ?
Relations sociales et nouvelle gestion publique — le syndicalisme dans la fonction publique britannique de 1973 à 1996
Authors: Clifford Christopher 
Published: January 2024

Social Relations and New Public Management Trade Unionism in the British Civil Service from 1973 to 1996
Christopher Clifford
In the last few years, profound changes have been made to the civil service which have called into question some of its fondamental concepts such as that of the "model employer" and that of a unified public service. The new techniques of management which have been adopted by agencies short circuit the mechanisms form formai negociation. Trade unionism, which has been widely affected by this fragmentation in the public service, is being required to rethink its organisation.
La codification du droit international
Authors: Daudet Yves 
Published: January 2024

The Codification of International Law.
Because of the essentially voluntary nature of international law, codification is not without its risks with respect to the integrality of international law. More often than not States will only accept that they are bound by norms to which they have consented. Codification must, therefore, have as its objective the re-enforcement of rules of law which pre-exist in a customary form. For this reason, whatever the instance of codification, the preparatory work done towards codification determines the success of the venture ; likewise, in addition to their scientific analysis of questions posed, specialists must necessarily engage in a more practical and political analysis, with a view to evaluating the chances of the project being accepted by States.
La codification du droit musulman
Authors: Moussa Fadhel 
Published: January 2024

The Codification of Islamic Law.
At its inception, the codification of Islamic law allowed the divine sources of this law to be retained. This marked the passage from spoken law to written law. Difficulties at this stage resulted from differences of interpretation, contradictions, and controversies over the authenticity of documentation. This first stage of codification led to the establishment of an orthodoxy. The second stage marked the passage to a more ’legalistic’ form, undertaken from the 16th century onwards by the ottoman empire. This modem codification represents a means of unification, and sets out the secularisation of justice and of law. In recent years a fundamentalist revival can be discerned which advocates a return to the original code.