bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk and protective factors for suicidality among lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ+) young people, from countries with a high global acceptance index (GAI), within the context of the socio‐ecological model: A scoping review
Authors: Wallace Emma Rebecca , O'Neill Siobhan , Lagdon Susan 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIntroductionLesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ+) young people experience higher prevalence rates of suicidality than their heterosexual and/or cisgender peers. However, there is limited research that can inform suicide prevention efforts. Our aim was to synthesize quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods research on risk and protective factors among LGBTQ+ young people, from countries with a high Global Acceptance Index.MethodsA scoping review guided by Arksey and O'Malley's five‐stage framework, using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐analysis Extension for Scoping Reviews protocol. Five databases and grey literature were searched for relevant studies. Identified factors were clustered by thematic type, according to the socio‐ecological model to identify empirical trends and knowledge gaps. The mixed methods appraisal tool was used for quality assessment of studies.ResultsSixty‐six studies met our inclusion criteria. Overall, 59 unique risk factors and 37 unique protective factors were identified. Key risk factors include past suicidality, adverse childhood experiences, internalized queerphobia, minority stress, interpersonal violence, bullying, familial conflict, and anti‐LGBTQ+ policies/legislation. Key protective factors include self‐affirming strategies, adult/peer support, at‐school safety, access to inclusive healthcare, family connectedness, positive coming out experiences, gender‐affirming services and LGBTQ+ inclusive policies and legislation.ConclusionsOverall, our findings affirm that multiple risk and protective factors, at all levels of the socio‐ecological model, interact in complex, unique and diverse ways upon suicidality among LGBTQ+ young people. Implications for suicide prevention are discussed. Further empirical studies are required, particularly at the communities, policies, and societal levels of the socio‐ecological model, and these studies should include a focus on protective factors and significant within‐group differences.
Cis‐regulatory control of mammalian Trps1 gene expression
Authors: Abrar Muhammad , Ali Shahid , Hussain Irfan , Khatoon Hizran , Batool Fatima , Ghazanfar Shakira , Corcoran Dylan , Kawakami Yasuhiko , Abbasi Amir Ali 
Published: February 2024

AbstractTRPS1 serves as the causative gene for tricho‐rhino phalangeal syndrome, known for its craniofacial and skeletal abnormalities. The Trps1 gene encodes a protein that represses Wnt signaling through strong interactions with Wnt signaling inhibitors. The identification of genomic cis‐acting regulatory sequences governing Trps1 expression is crucial for understanding its role in embryogenesis. Nevertheless, to date, no investigations have been conducted concerning these aspects of Trps1. To identify deeply conserved noncoding elements (CNEs) within the Trps1 locus, we employed a comparative genomics approach, utilizing slowly evolving fish such as coelacanth and spotted gar. These analyses resulted in the identification of eight CNEs in the intronic region of the Trps1 gene. Functional characterization of these CNEs in zebrafish revealed their regulatory potential in various tissues, including pectoral fins, heart, and pharyngeal arches. RNA in‐situ hybridization experiments revealed concordance between the reporter expression pattern induced by the identified set of CNEs and the spatial expression pattern of the trps1 gene in zebrafish. Comparative in vivo data from zebrafish and mice for CNE7/hs919 revealed conserved functions of these enhancers. Each of these eight CNEs was further investigated in cell line‐based reporter assays, revealing their repressive potential. Taken together, in vivo and in vitro assays suggest a context‐dependent dual functionality for the identified set of Trps1‐associated CNE enhancers. This functionally characterized set of CNE‐enhancers will contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the developmental roles of Trps1 and can aid in the identification of noncoding DNA variants associated with human diseases.
RNA‐seq analysis of parasitism by Intoshia linei (Orthonectida) reveals protein effectors of defence, communication, feeding and growth
Authors: Skalon Elizaveta K. , Starunov Viktor V. , Slyusarev George S. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractOrthonectida is a group of multicellular endoparasites of a wide range of marine invertebrates. Their parasitic stage is a multinuclear shapeless plasmodium infiltrating host tissues. The development of the following worm‐like sexual generation takes place within the cytoplasm of the plasmodium. The existence of the plasmodial stage and the development of a sexual stage within the plasmodium are unique features to Bilateria. However, the molecular mechanisms that maintain this peculiar organism, and hence enable parasitism in orthonectids, are unknown. Here, we present the first‐ever RNA‐seq analysis of the plasmodium, aimed at the identification and characterization of the plasmodium‐specific protein‐coding genes and corresponding hypothetical proteins that distinguish the parasitic plasmodium stage from the sexual stage of the orthonectid Intoshia linei Giard, 1877, parasite of nemertean Lineus ruber Müller, 1774. We discovered 119 plasmodium‐specific proteins, 82 of which have inferred functions based on known domains. Thirty‐five of the detected proteins are orphans, at least part of which may reflect the unique evolutionary adaptations of orthonectids to parasitism. Some of the identified proteins are known effector molecules of other endoparasites suggesting convergence. Our data indicate that the plasmodium‐specific proteins might be involved in the plasmodium defense against the host, host–parasite communication, feeding and nutrient uptake, growth within the host, and support of the sexual stage development. These molecular processes in orthonectids have not been described before, and the particular protein effectors remained unknown until now.
Polyhedra without cubic vertices are prism‐hamiltonian
Authors: Špacapan Simon 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe prism over a graph is the Cartesian product of with the complete graph on two vertices. A graph is prism‐hamiltonian if the prism over is hamiltonian. We prove that every polyhedral graph (i.e., 3‐connected planar graph) of minimum degree at least four is prism‐hamiltonian.
Dominant epitopes of cross‐reactive anti‐domain III human antibody response change from early to late convalescence of infection with dengue virus
Authors: González‐Lodeiro Luis Gabriel , Martín Dunn Alejandro , Martín Prieto Dayron , Medina‐Carrasco Danya , García de Castro Lisandra E. , Maldonado Bauzá Daniela , Chinea Santiago Glay , Huerta Galindo Vivian 
Published: February 2024

AbstractCross‐neutralizing activity of human antibody response against Dengue virus complex (DENV) changes importantly over time. Domain III (DIII) of the envelope protein of DENV elicits a potently neutralizing and mostly type‐specific IgG response. We used sera from 24 individuals from early‐ or late convalescence of DENV1 infection to investigate the evolution of anti‐DIII human IgG with the time lapse since the infection. We evaluated the correlation between the serotype‐specific reactivity against recombinant DIII proteins and the neutralization capacity against the four serotypes, and examined its behavior with the time of convalescence. Also, we use a library of 71 alanine mutants of surface‐exposed amino acid residues to investigate the dominant epitopes. In early convalescence anti‐DIII titers and potency of virus neutralization were positively associated with correlation coefficients from 0.82 to 1.0 for the four serotypes. For late convalescence, a positive correlation (r = 0.69) was found only for DENV1. The dominant epitope of the type‐specific response is centered in the FG‐loop (G383, E384, and K385) and includes most of the lateral ridge. The dominant epitope of the anti‐DIII cross‐reactive IgG in secondary infections shifts from the A‐strand during early convalescence to a site centered in residues E314‐H317 of the AB‐loop and I352‐E368 of the DI/DIII interface, in late convalescence. An immunoassay based on the detection of IgG anti‐DIII response can be implemented for detection of infecting serotype in diagnosis of DENV infection, either primary or secondary. Human dominant epitopes of the cross‐reactive circulating antibodies change with time of convalescence.
Type‐II IFN inhibits SARS‐CoV‐2 replication in human lung epithelial cells and ex vivo human lung tissues through indoleamine 2,3‐dioxygenase‐mediated pathways
Authors: Yang Dong , Chan Jasper Fuk‐Woo , Yoon Chaemin , Luk Tsz‐Yat , Shuai Huiping , Hou Yuxin , Huang Xiner , Hu Bingjie , Chai Yue , Yuen Terrence Tsz‐Tai , Liu Yuanchen , Zhu Tianrenzheng , Liu Huan , Shi Jialu , Wang Yang , He Yixin , Sit Ko‐Yung , Au Wing‐Kuk , Zhang Anna Jinxia , Yuan Shuofeng , Zhang Bao‐Zhong , Huang Yao‐Wei , Chu Hin 
Published: February 2024

AbstractInterferons (IFNs) are critical for immune defense against pathogens. While type‐I and ‐III IFNs have been reported to inhibit SARS‐CoV‐2 replication, the antiviral effect and mechanism of type‐II IFN against SARS‐CoV‐2 remain largely unknown. Here, we evaluate the antiviral activity of type‐II IFN (IFNγ) using human lung epithelial cells (Calu3) and ex vivo human lung tissues. In this study, we found that IFNγ suppresses SARS‐CoV‐2 replication in both Calu3 cells and ex vivo human lung tissues. Moreover, IFNγ treatment does not significantly modulate the expression of SARS‐CoV‐2 entry‐related factors and induces a similar level of pro‐inflammatory response in human lung tissues when compared with IFNβ treatment. Mechanistically, we show that overexpression of indoleamine 2,3‐dioxygenase 1 (IDO1), which is most profoundly induced by IFNγ, substantially restricts the replication of ancestral SARS‐CoV‐2 and the Alpha and Delta variants. Meanwhile, loss‐of‐function study reveals that IDO1 knockdown restores SARS‐CoV‐2 replication restricted by IFNγ in Calu3 cells. We further found that the treatment of l‐tryptophan, a substrate of IDO1, partially rescues the IFNγ‐mediated inhibitory effect on SARS‐CoV‐2 replication in both Calu3 cells and ex vivo human lung tissues. Collectively, these results suggest that type‐II IFN potently inhibits SARS‐CoV‐2 replication through IDO1‐mediated antiviral response.
ESPGHAN recommendations on treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus infection in adolescents and children including those living in resource‐limited settings
Authors: Indolfi Giuseppe , Gonzalez‐Peralta Regino P. , Jonas Maureen M. , Sayed Manal Hamdy‐El , Fischler Björn , Sokal Etienne , Wirth Stefan , Nicastro Emanuele ,   Hepatology Committee of the ESPGHAN
Published: February 2024

AbstractHepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a major cause of chronic liver disease worldwide, with more than three million viraemic adolescents and children. Treatment of adults with HCV infection and HCV‐related liver disease has advanced considerably thanks to development and improvements in therapy. Direct‐acting antiviral regimens are safe and effective. Three regimens with pangenotypic activity (glecaprevir/pibrentasvir, sofosbuvir/velpatasvir and sofosbuvir/velpatasvir/voxilaprevir) and three regimens with genotype‐specific activity (sofosbuvir/ribavirin, sofosbuvir/ledipasvir and elbasvir/grazoprevir) have been approved with age‐specific limitation for treatment of children with chronic hepatitis C by the European Medicines Agency and the United States Food and Drug Administration. The World Health Organization has set the ambitious target to eliminate hepatitis C as a major public health threat by 2030 and based its actions against HCV on the large use of direct acting antivirals. These updated European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition recommendations on treatment of hepatitis C describe the optimal therapeutic management of adolescents and children with HCV infection including specific indications for those living in resource‐limited settings.
Controlled Polymerization of N‐Vinyl Imidazole, N‐Vinyl Pyrrolidone, and N‐Vinyl Carbazole with Dithiocarbamates toward High Molar Mass Polymers
Authors: Haribabu P. M. , Vijayakrishna Kari 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAchieving control over the polymerization of less activated monomers like N‐vinyl carbazole (NVC), N‐vinyl pyrrolidone (NVP), and N‐vinyl imidazole (NVIm) to produce high molar mass polymers poses a significant challenge. To accomplish this, eight different dithiocarbamate‐based reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) agents are synthesized and employed to polymerize NVIm, NVC, and NVP in order to understand and establish a suitable agent for their controlled polymerization to achieve high molar mass polymers. Chain end presence of these RAFT‐derived polymers is established through 1H NMR studies. Further, these active chain ends are used for chain extension reactions to prepare block copolymers. Synthesized RAFT agents 04, 05, 06, and 08 that are bearing primary leaving groups (methyl 2‐acetate, ethyl 2‐acetate, tert‐butyl 2‐acetate, and cyanomethane) display moderate to good control over the polymerization of NVIm and NVC. Among these, RAFT agent‐08 with cyanomethane leaving group produces poly(NVIm) and poly(NVC) with the highest molar masses of 44 670 Da (1.52) and 53 620 Da (1.4), respectively. Interestingly, RAFT agents bearing both secondary and primary leaving groups show good control over the NVP polymerization. Notably, RAFT agent‐02 with ethyl‐2‐propionate leaving group yields poly(NVP) with the highest molar mass of 89 450 Da and dispersity of 1.43.
Analysis of complex mixtures with benchtop nuclear magnetic resonance: Solvent suppression with T2 and diffusion filters
Authors: Le‐McClain Anh , Zanelotti Curt , Robert Hector , Casanova Federico 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBenchtop nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometers are being employed in a wide variety of applications from undergraduate teaching and research in academia to quality control and process monitoring in industrial settings. Incorporating benchtop NMR in some of these applications presents opportunities for new practical uses of the technology and challenges that truly test the capabilities of compact NMR spectrometers. For instance, the use of protonated solvents in manufacturing or process monitoring requires separating and quantitating the analyte signals of interest from the strong (overwhelming) response from the solvents. Furthermore, due to the lower field strength available with permanent magnet spectrometers, the NMR spectra of complex mixtures can be more difficult to analyze due to partial or complete signal overlap. To address some of these challenges and to extend the range of applications of benchtop NMR, we investigate NMR techniques that enable quantitative analysis of different components in mixtures. These pulse sequences can be used to suppress one or multiple solvent peaks, to filter out signals by spin–spin relaxation time (T2), or to separate signal components by a molecule's diffusion coefficient (NMR diffusometry). In this paper, we discuss quantitative analysis of excipients in buffers for therapeutic proteins to highlight the usefulness of these NMR pulse sequences in the analysis of complex samples with benchtop NMR spectrometers.
An innovative mobile app for the provision of medical information and collection of safety data on exposure to medicines during pregnancy or breastfeeding: An IHI ConcePTION contribution
Authors: Alexe Amalia , Lewis David , Harrison Kendal 
Published: February 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo increase the volume, quality, and comprehensiveness of pregnancy and breastfeeding reports related to medication exposure.MethodsInnovative Health Initiative (IHI) ConcePTION, in collaboration with the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA), has developed a mobile application designed for exchange of safety information for pregnancy and breastfeeding. The users will also be able to report medication exposure during pregnancy and breastfeeding, regardless of the outcome, by answering simple questions, tailored for their level of medical knowledge.ResultsThrough the first version of the app, the users will receive trusted safety information on their medication of interest, from the Health Authority (RSS feeds, tagged for ‘pregnancy’ and ‘breastfeeding’). By using the app, women and healthcare providers will also be able to help future mothers, by reporting the events they experienced following the utilization of medications during pregnancy and breastfeeding. These will be analyzed by MHRA to further characterize the safety profiles of the medications required to be used in these situations.ConclusionCollection of pregnancy outcomes after exposure to medications during pregnancy is limited by under‐reporting and focused on reporting of harms. By developing the app, ConcePTION brings reliable safety information closer to healthcare professionals and pregnant and breastfeeding women and proposes an easy‐to‐use, general data protection regulation‐compliant, secure tool tailored for safety in pregnancy and breastfeeding.
Prescribed‐time sensor fault estimation for linear systems with unknown inputs by periodic delayed observers
Authors: Li Haifang , Zhou Bin , Michiels Wim 
Published: February 2024

SummaryThis paper studies the problem of sensor fault estimation for linear systems in the presence of unknown inputs in both input and output channels. Relying on matrix equation theory, the unknown inputs are first removed from the output channel. Second, an augmented descriptor system is constructed by treating both system state and sensor fault as (pseudo)‐state variables. Third, the augmented descriptor system is transformed into a regular one, followed by the elimination of the unknown input from the state equation. Finally, a reduced‐order prescribed‐time sensor fault estimator is obtained by using periodic delayed observers. This matrix equation based approach is then complemented by an alternative one, which relies on successive transformations of state, input and outputs. This approach sheds light on the adopted solvability conditions throughout the paper and on the role of different directions in the output space in handling unknown inputs, sensor faults and the core state estimation problem. Finally, two numerical examples are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed methodologies.
Weakly saturated random graphs
Authors: Bartha Zsolt , Kolesnik Brett 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAs introduced by Bollobás, a graph is weakly ‐saturated if the complete graph is obtained by iteratively completing copies of minus an edge. For all graphs , we obtain an asymptotic lower bound for the critical threshold , at which point the Erdős–Rényi graph is likely to be weakly ‐saturated. We also prove an upper bound for , for all which are, in a sense, strictly balanced. In particular, we improve the upper bound by Balogh, Bollobás, and Morris for , and we conjecture that this is sharp up to constants.
Economic fluctuations and mortality in Canada revisited
Authors: Janko Zuzana , Popli Gurleen 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis paper uses panel data for Canada from 1976 to 2018, across 10 provinces, to reassess the relationship between mortality rates and economic fluctuations. The key contribution of our paper lies in examining the extent to which this relationship is driven by the employment rate (extensive margin) versus average hours worked (intensive margin). We find evidence of procyclical mortality for females at the aggregate level; aggregate male mortality remains largely unaffected by economic fluctuations. Our findings also reveal temporal heterogeneity, as the extensive margin becomes the driving force for female mortality rates during the more recent period (1990 onwards). These findings remain robust when accounting for personal income and pollution. Finally, we find some support for a procyclical relationship for individuals in the working age groups, while mortality exhibits a countercyclical pattern for children (age 0 to 14) and the elderly (age 65 and above).
Locoregional therapies for hepatocellular carcinoma: The current status and future perspectives
Authors: Chen Jian‐Jian , Jin Zhi‐Cheng , Zhong Bin‐Yan , Fan Wenzhe , Zhang Wei‐Hua , Luo Biao , Wang Yu‐Qing , Teng Gao‐Jun , Zhu Hai‐Dong 
Published: February 2024

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancers and a leading cause of cancer‐related mortality. Locoregional therapies (LRTs) play a crucial role in HCC management and are selectively adopted in real‐world practice across various stages. Choosing the best form of LRTs depends on technical aspects, patient clinical status and tumour characteristics. Previous studies have consistently highlighted the efficacy of combining LRTs with molecular targeted agents in HCC treatment. Recent studies propose that integrating LRTs with immune checkpoint inhibitors and molecular targeted agents could provide substantial therapeutic benefits, a notion underpinned by both basic and clinical evidence. This review summarised the current landscape of LRTs in HCC and discussed the anticipated outcomes of combinations with immunotherapy regimens.
Nepal
Authors: Devkota Khim Lal , Khanal Gopi Krishna 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe Constitution of 2015 provides local governments ample space within which to safeguard their political, fiscal, and administrative autonomy. It fully recognises them as an integral part of federalism in Nepal. Their powers and functions are broadly outlined in the Constitution, which embraces the principles of federalism, inclusiveness, and republicanism and envisages non-hierarchical relationships among the three levels of government. The main responsibility of the local level is to deliver essential basic services to the people. The Local Government Operation Act, 2017 provides detailed descriptions of the power and functions of local governments in this regard. Local governments meet their expenditure needs mainly through tax revenues, fiscal transfers, borrowings, and royalties on natural resources. Citizens have great faith and trust in the local level. Nepali citizens have more confidence in the local government than the federal and provincial governments.
Nigeria
Authors: Suberu Rotimi T. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractMajor constitutional reforms in Nigeria positioned local government as the third tier of the country’s federal system after the central government and the states. The reforms entrenched the boundaries of Local Government Areas (LGAs); codified a schedule of exclusive, advisory, and concurrent functions for the localities; mandated the transfer of federal and state revenue to local authorities; and guarantee the existence of democratically elected local councils. Despite the grand constitutional rhetoric of three-tier federalism, however, local government in Nigeria remains chronically weak and thereby contributes to the violent instability plaguing the north-east and other areas of the country. Local government has hardly been reflective of the agency of local grassroots’ communities. Instead, the centralising agendas of a paternalistic federal government, and the political machinations of predatory subnational state governments, have undermined the development of truly local institutions of government. This chapter examines the historical, constitutional, and intergovernmental contexts of Nigeria’s delocalised local government system.