bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gaps in pediatric emergency medicine education of emergency medicine residents: A needs assessment of recent graduates
Authors: Schoppel Kyle , Spector Jordan , Okafor Ijeoma , Church Richard , Deblois Katy , Della‐Giustina David , Kellogg Adam , MacVane Casey , Pirotte Matthew , Snow David , Hays Geoffrey , Mariorenzi Amy , Connelly Haley , Sheng Alexander 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundMore than 90% of pediatric patients presenting to emergency departments (EDs) in the United States are evaluated and treated in community‐based EDs. Recent evidence suggests that mortality outcomes may be worse for critically ill pediatric patients treated at community EDs. The disparate mortality outcomes may be due to inconsistency in pediatric‐specific education provided to emergency medicine (EM) trainees during residency training. There are few studies surveying recently graduated EM physicians assessing perceived gaps in the pediatric emergency medicine (PEM) education they received during residency.MethodsThis was a prospective, survey‐based, descriptive cohort study of EM residency graduates from 10 institutions across the United States who were <5 years out from residency training. Deidentified surveys were distributed via email.ResultsA total of 222 responses were obtained from 570 eligible participants (39.1%). Non‐ED pediatric rotations during residency training included pediatric intensive care (60%), pediatric anesthesia (32.4%), neonatal intensive care unit (26.1%), and pediatric wards (17.1%). A large percentage (42.8%) of respondents felt uncomfortable managing neonates and performing tube thoracostomy on pediatric patients (56.3%). The EM graduate's satisfaction with pediatric simulation–based training during residency was positively associated with comfort caring for neonates and infants (p < 0.0070 andp < 0.0002) and performing endotracheal intubation (p < 0.0027), lumbar puncture (p < 0.0004), and Pediatric Advanced Life Support resuscitation (p < 0.0001).Conclusions/discussionThis survey‐based cohort study found considerable variation in pediatric‐specific experiences during EM residency training and in perceived comfort managing pediatric patients. In general, participants were more comfortable managing older children. This study suggests that the greatest perceived knowledge gaps in PEM were neonatal medicine/resuscitation and pediatric cardiac arrest. Future research will continue to address larger cohorts, representative of the PEM education provided to EM physicians in the United States to promote future educational initiatives.
Predicting acquirers of US food and agribusiness firms
Authors: Mukhopadhyay Ramyani , Adelaja Adesoji O. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractTo fill an important gap in the literature on acquirer prediction, this paper investigates which factors contribute to the likelihood that a firm will choose to acquire a target company from the United States (US) food and agribusiness industry (FABI). It relies on existing literature and a conceptual model in identifying the determinants of the choice to be an acquirer. Rejecting the pooled ordinary least squares and random‐effects models, the paper estimates a fixed‐effects logistic regression model based on panel data on acquirers and nonacquirers of US FABI (USFABI) target companies. Contrary to the study's various hypotheses, the results suggest that (1) efficiency, profitability, and liquidity do not affect the likelihood of being an acquirer, but that (2) less‐solvent, less‐leveraged, and less‐attractive firms are more likely to become acquirers (possibly to improve their solvency, profitability, and attractiveness). These contradictory results are attributed to the uniqueness of the USFABI sector. The mergers and acquisitions process may therefore be a way for acquirers of USFABI firms to strengthen themselves, not necessarily an expression of their financial strength. This analysis is useful to target companies, acquirers, transaction advisers, investors, regulators, and other merger and acquisition stakeholders. [EconLit Citations: D22, G24, G34, L66, Q14].
First principle based rate equation (1pRE) for random pore model in Fe2O3 reduction reaction with CO
Authors: Li Jiaye , Wang Yang , Li Zhenshan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe redox kinetics of the oxygen carriers are crucial in Chemical‐Looping Combustion (CLC) systems. The random pore model (RPM) was widely used to investigate the macroscale redox kinetics of oxygen carriers in previous studies, in which the reaction rate constants were obtained just by fitting the experimental data. This study presents a first principle based rate equation (1pRE) applied to the RPM to calculate the reaction rate constants directly using density functional theory (DFT). The 1pRE is integrated with the RPM that accounts for the effect of pore size distribution derived from the surface area evolution of reaction interface and product layer diffusion, thus bridging the gap between the microscale elementary surface reactions and macroscale overall conversion. The developed 1pRE predicts the reduction kinetics of Fe2O3 oxygen carriers accurately, thereby facilitating the optimization of design processes for oxygen carrier materials and the scale up of CLC reactors.
Neurotrophins and neural stem cells in posttraumatic brain injury repair
Authors: Guo Wenwen , Liu Ke , Wang Yinghua , Ge Xu , Ma Yifan , Qin Jing , Zhang Caiqin , Zhao Ya , Shi Changhong 
Published: November 2023

AbstractTraumatic brain injury (TBI) is the main cause of disability, mental health disorder, and even death, with its incidence and social costs rising steadily. Although different treatment strategies have been developed and tested to mitigate neurological decline, a definitive cure for these conditions remains elusive. Studies have revealed that various neurotrophins represented by the brain‐derived neurotrophic factor are the key regulators of neuroinflammation, apoptosis, blood–brain barrier permeability, neurite regeneration, and memory function. These factors are instrumental in alleviating neuroinflammation and promoting neuroregeneration. In addition, neural stem cells (NSC) contribute to nerve repair through inherent neuroprotective and immunomodulatory properties, the release of neurotrophins, the activation of endogenous NSCs, and intercellular signaling. Notably, innovative research proposals are emerging to combine BDNF and NSCs, enabling them to synergistically complement and promote each other in facilitating injury repair and improving neuron differentiation after TBI. In this review, we summarize the mechanism of neurotrophins in promoting neurogenesis and restoring neural function after TBI, comprehensively explore the potential therapeutic effects of various neurotrophins in basic research on TBI, and investigate their interaction with NSCs. This endeavor aims to provide a valuable insight into the clinical treatment and transformation of neurotrophins in TBI, thereby promoting the progress of TBI therapeutics.
Dual Nanoparticle Conjugates for Highly Sensitive and Versatile Sensing Using 19F Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Cooke Daniel J. , Maier Esther Y. , King Tyler L. , Lin Haoding , Hendrichs Santiago , Lee Slade , Mafy Noushaba N. , Scott Kathleen M. , Lu Yi , Que Emily L. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractFluorine magnetic resonance imaging (19F MRI) has emerged as an attractive alternative to conventional 1H MRI due to enhanced specificity deriving from negligible background signal in this modality. We report a dual nanoparticle conjugate (DNC) platform as an aptamer‐based sensor for use in 19F MRI. DNC consists of core–shell nanoparticles with a liquid perfluorocarbon core and a mesoporous silica shell (19F‐MSNs), which give a robust 19F MR signal, and superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) as magnetic quenchers. Due to the strong magnetic quenching effects of SPIONs, this platform is uniquely sensitive and functions with a low concentration of SPIONs (4 equivalents) relative to 19F‐MSNs. The probe functions as a “turn‐on” sensor using target‐induced dissociation of DNA aptamers. The thrombin binding aptamer was incorporated as a proof‐of‐concept (DNCThr), and we demonstrate a significant increase in 19F MR signal intensity when DNCThr is incubated with human α‐thrombin. This proof‐of‐concept probe is highly versatile and can be adapted to sense ATP and kanamycin as well. Importantly, DNCThr generates a robust 19F MRI “hot‐spot” signal in response to thrombin in live mice, establishing this platform as a practical, versatile, and biologically relevant molecular imaging probe.
Kabelbakterienskelette als katalytisch aktive Elektroden
Authors: Digel Leonid , Mierzwa Maciej , Bonné Robin , Zieger Silvia E. , Pavel Ileana‐Alexandra , Ferapontova Elena , Koren Klaus , Boesen Thomas , Harnisch Falk , Marshall Ian P. G. , Nielsen Lars Peter , Kuhn Alexander 
Published: November 2023

AbstractKabelbakterien sind vielzellige, filamentöse Bakterien, die interne leitfähige Fasern verwenden, um Elektronen über Zentimeterdistanzen von Elektronenspendern in anoxischen Sedimentschichten zu Sauerstoff an der Oberfläche zu transportieren. Wir haben diese Fasern extrahiert und sie als freistehende biobasierte Elektroden verwendet, um ihr elektrokatalytisches Verhalten zu untersuchen. Die Fasern katalysieren die reversible Umwandlung von Sauerstoff und Wasser, kombiniert mit einem elektrischen Stromfluss durch die Fasern, selbst wenn die Potentialdifferenz ausschließlich durch einen Sauerstoffkonzentrationsgradienten erzeugt wird. Sowohl die Sauerstoffreduktion als auch die Sauerstoffentwicklung wurden durch optische Messungen bestätigt. Bei lebenden Kabelbakterien erklärt sich die Sauerstoffreduktion durch direkte Elektrokatalyse an den Fasern, und nicht durch membrangebundene Proteine, und führt zu den außergewöhnlich hohen zellspezifischen Sauerstoffverbrauchsraten, die in der oxischen Zone beobachtet werden, während die elektrokatalytische Wasseroxidation Zellen in der anoxischen Zone mit Sauerstoff versorgen kann.
Paired Electrosynthesis of Formaldehyde Derivatives from CO2 Reduction and Methanol Oxidation
Authors: Bin Yeo Jia , Ho Jang Jun , In Jo Young , Woo Koo Jeong , Tae Nam Ki 
Published: November 2023

AbstractUtilizing CO2‐derived formaldehyde derivatives for fuel additive or polymer synthesis is a promising approach to reduce net carbon dioxide emissions. Existing methodologies involve converting CO2 to methanol by thermal hydrogenation, followed by electrochemical or thermochemical oxidation to produce formaldehyde. Adding to the conventional methanol oxidation pathway, we propose a new electrochemical approach to simultaneously generate formaldehyde derivatives at both electrodes by partial methanol oxidation and the direct reduction of CO2. To achieve this, a method to directly reduce CO2 to formaldehyde at the cathode is required. Still, it has been scarcely reported previously due to the acidity of the formic acid intermediate and the facile over‐reduction of formaldehyde to methanol. By enabling the activation and subsequent stabilization of formic acid and formaldehyde respectively in methanol solvent, we were able to implement a strategy where formaldehyde derivatives were generated at the cathode alongside the anode. Further mechanism studies revealed that protons supplied from the anodic reaction contribute to the activation of formic acid and the stabilization of the formaldehyde product. Additionally, it was found that the cathodic formaldehyde derivative Faradaic efficiency can be further increased through prolonged electrolysis time up to 50 % along with a maximum anodic formaldehyde derivative Faradaic efficiency of 90 %.
Phase behaviors and nucleation effects of phytosterols and phytosterol esters in medium chain triglycerides
Authors: Zhou Shuai , Sun Yue , Wang Yong , Jiang Yuanrong 
Published: November 2023

AbstractFree phytosterols (PS) and phytosterol esters (PSE) usually coexist in natural edible oils, which affect the crystallization behaviors of oil significantly. However, the phase behaviors of PS and PSE in oils and their roles on the crystallization behaviors of oil are still unclear. In this study, the isolation and dissolution behaviors of PS and PSE in medium chain triglyceride (MCT) were studied, and then their influences on the crystallization behaviors of MCT were clarified further. The results showed that when the mass ratio of PS:PSE was greater than 3:7 at the total amount of PS and PSE fixing 5 wt%, PS and PSE isolated to form a new crystal structure, which was different from PS spherical or PSE plate‐like crystal structure, in MCT. The new PS/PSE crystal structure had a larger surface area, and its melting point was between PS and PSE. It also showed the synergistic ability to promote the crystallization nucleation of MCT. When the total content of PS and PSE was 1 wt%, and the mass ratio of PS:PSE was 5:5, the crystallization peak temperature of PS/PSE/MCT was 12°C higher than that of virgin MCT, 2.5°C higher than that of PSE/MCT, and 10.3°C higher than that of PS/MCT.
Ash fusion characteristics of iron‐rich coal in Xinjiang under different atmospheres and the influence mechanism of adding red mud and pipeline scale
Authors: Lv Junxin , Wang Yonggang , Zhang Chao , Xu Deping , Lin Xiongchao , Bao Yahan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractTo realize the high‐efficiency utilization of iron‐rich coal, it is necessary to conduct in‐depth research on the ash fusion characteristics and regulation mechanism. In this paper, the ash fusion temperature test of iron‐rich coal in Xinjiang (ZC) under different atmospheres was first carried out. Then, red mud (HJ) from Huajin Aluminum Industry and black water pipe scale (GDG) were selected as the additives. After the same ashing procedure, the two additives were mixed with iron‐rich coal ash in different proportions to realize the regulation of the chemical composition of the coal ash to improve the ash fusion characteristic. The ash fusion temperature (AFT) experiment was carried out in the automatic ash melting point analyzer, and high‐temperature ash melting slags at different temperatures were prepared. The mineral phases of coal ash and slag were characterized by XRD and compared with the Factsage simulation calculation results to reveal the influence mechanism of coal ash fusion temperature. The result shows that the fusion temperature of ZC iron‐rich coal ash is significantly different between oxidizing atmosphere and weak reducing atmosphere. Compared with the oxidizing atmosphere, the four characteristic temperatures of ZC iron‐rich coal ash are significantly lower under weak reducing conditions, and the difference is about 150°C. The addition of red mud and pipeline scale increased the fusion temperature of ZC coal ash to varying degrees. The addition of HJ ash has little effect on the deformation temperature of ZC coal ash, while the addition of different proportions of HJ ash significantly increases the flow temperature of ZC coal ash. When the addition ratio of HJ ash is 40%, the flow temperature FT of ZC coal ash increases most obviously, which is about 50°C. The addition of HJ ash and GDG ash will lead to an increase in the content of iron‐containing spinel, thereby increasing the ash flow temperature.
Weighting factors design in model predictive direct torque control based on cascaded neural network
Authors: Tian Yazhuo , Zhang Yongjun , Xiao Xiong , Yildirim Tanju 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAn innovative control strategy is introduced in this paper for model predictive direct torque control (MPDTC) of a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) inverter, which is based on a cascaded neural network for the automatic selection and online tuning of weighting factors. Specifically, the lower network in the proposed two‐stage cascaded network is trained by utilizing the weighting factors and the corresponding converter parameters under a specific working condition to establish data substitution models under that working condition and determine the fitness function for obtaining the optimal weighting factors. The upper network of the cascaded network is trained using various working conditions and their corresponding optimal weighting factors calculated by the lower network, with the goal of achieving real‐time tuning of the weighting factors under variable working conditions. By employing a data‐driven method to design the weighting factors at each working condition offline, this method reduces online tuning to a single calculation in the upper network and minimizes the online calculation burden. This approach enables the weighting factors to be adjusted in real‐time according to changes in the working conditions, leading to enhanced accuracy of weighting factor optimization. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed strategy improves the overall performance of the inverters.
Impulsively fractional‐order time‐delayed gene regulatory networks: Existence and asymptotic stability
Authors: Arjunan M. Mallika , Abdeljawad Thabet , Pratap A. , Yousef Ali 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis paper presents asymptotic stability criteria for fractional‐order gene regulatory networks (FOGRNs) with impulses, time delays, and two numerical cases to illustrate the applicability of the results. The established system's boundedness, existence, and uniqueness are discussed using the Mittag–Leffler function, homeomorphism theory, and Cauchy–Schwartz inequality. The delay‐independent asymptotic stability criteria for FOGRNs are derived using algebraic and LMI methods, famous inequality techniques, and Lyapunov stability theory.
Unveiling Oxygen Evolution Reaction on LiCoO2 Cathode: Insights for the Development of High‐Performance Aqueous Lithium‐ion Batteries
Authors: George Gibu , Poater Albert , Solà Miquel , Posada‐Pérez Sergio 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAqueous lithium‐ion batteries (ALIBs) are attracting significant attention as promising candidates for safe and sustainable energy storage systems. This paper delves into the crucial aspects of ALIB technology focusing on the interaction between LiCoO2 (lithium cobalt oxide) cathode material and water electrolytes, with a specific emphasis on the Oxygen Evolution Reaction (OER) process. Fundamental understanding of the electrochemical behavior of LiCoO2 in aqueous electrolytes is crucial for enhancing the performance, safety, and longevity of ALIBs using LiCoO2 as the cathode material.Through a comprehensive periodic density functional analysis of the LiCoO2‐water at the cathode interface, the potential catalytic contributions to the OER mechanism of LiCoO2 are explored. The catalytic properties of LiCoO2 towards OER are investigated considering different steady states of the lowest energy surfaces of LiCoO2 and three different Li concentrations. Our results do not predict the formation of oxygen gas due to the expected large overpotentials, although the exergonic water decomposition to hydroxyl by means the first proton‐electron transfer is predicted at equilibrium potential. This work contributes to the fundamental understanding of LiCoO2 as cathode for aqueous lithium‐ion batteries, reporting the pros and cons of one of the most common cathode materials for traditional non‐aqueous batteries.
Synthesis and characterization of magnetic nanoparticles via co‐precipitation: Application and assessment in anaerobic digested wastewater
Authors: Amo‐Duodu Gloria , Tetteh Emmanuel Kweinor , Sibiya Nomthandazo Precious , Rathilal Sudesh , Chollom Martha Noro 
Published: November 2023

AbstractNanotechnology is a widely applied technology in environmental remediation, medicine, chemical processes and catalysis. The Development and modification of nanoparticles for wastewater treatment via anaerobic digestion have gained much interest over the years. This study synthesized six different magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) via the co‐precipitation method. These MNPs were characterized via scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X‐ray (SEM/EDX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller analysis. The SEM/EDX, FTIR and XRD affirmed the success of the synthesis of MNPs. The MNPs were furthermore explored to enhance the anaerobic digestion of wastewater to generate biogas. This was done by conducting a biochemical methane potential (BMP) assay, where seven bioreactors were digested for 21 and 30 days at 35°C. In comparison with the control (no MNPs), which had a removal efficiency of <68%, the results showed that the addition of MNPs to the BMP system demonstrated good degradation of >70% chemical oxyggen demand (COD) and turbidity removal efficiencies. There was a 20% increase in methane yield for the BMP setups with MNP additives compared with the control bioreactor.
Decision support tool to determine the suitability of demand side management implementation in continuously operated processes – A biorefinery case study
Authors: Röder Lilli , Etzold Hendrik , Gröngröft Arne , Grünewald Marcus , Riese Julia 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe time‐dependent adjustment of a system's power demand simultaneously with current power generation is commonly referred to as demand side management (DSM). DSM strategies are based on the flexibility to purchase electricity at times when prices are low, which can result in monetary benefits. One option to increase the flexibility of continuously operated processes is to oversize them. From an economic point of view, this leads to an increased investment. DSM only serves an economic purpose if the monetary benefits exceed this increase in capital costs. The main goal of this contribution is to develop a decision support tool to help evaluate unit operations regarding their feasibility for DSM implementation. In a case study, the decision support tool was applied to show its functionality on a biomethane production plant. The results show that with the help of the decision support tool, evaluating unit operations concerning their economic DSM potential is possible.
Planung und Ausführung der Masse‐Feder‐Systeme am neuen Stuttgarter Bahnhof
Authors: Enoekl Viktor , Urban Susanne , Nachev Dimitar 
Published: November 2023

Abstract„S21“: Bürgerproteste waren gestern, die zunehmende Begeisterung über die Architektur des Bahnhofs mit den lichtdurchdrungenen Kelchstützen wird bleiben und auch internationale Anerkennung nach Stuttgart bringen. Nicht sichtbar, aber ingenieurtechnisch ebenso einzigartig sind die Masse‐Feder‐Systeme in den Tunneln unter der Stadt, auf denen die Züge zukünftig durch Stuttgarts Hauptbahnhof fahren werden. Ein Teil des Projekts Stuttgart 21 ist die Umgestaltung des Hauptbahnhofs und die Verlegung der Zulaufstrecken in Tunneln, die nun unterhalb der innenstädtischen Gebiete verlaufen. Für die Einhaltung der Immissionsschutzanforderungen wurde im Rahmen der Planfeststellung daher eine weitgehende Schall‐ und Erschütterungsentkopplung zwischen der Tunnelkonstruktion und dem Oberbau der Gleise in den Anschlussbereichen zum Bahnhof festgelegt. Es handelt sich dabei im Wesentlichen um schwere Masse‐Feder‐Systeme (SMFS), die sich jeweils über die ganze nördliche und südliche Gleisverzweigung erstrecken und an den Enden sowohl in die Bahnhofshalle wie auch in die angrenzenden Tunnelabschnitte hineinragen.