bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The modified homotopy perturbation method and its application to the dynamics of price evolution in Caputo-fractional order Black Scholes model
Authors: Alaje Adedapo Ismaila , Olayiwola Morufu Oyedunsi , Adedokun Kamilu Adewale , Adedeji Joseph Adeleke , Oladapo Asimiyu Olamilekan , Akeem Yunus Olanrewaju 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Following a financial loss in trades due to lack of risk management in previous models from market practitioners, Fisher Black and Myron Scholes visited the academic setting and were able to mathematically develop an option pricing equation named the Black–Scholes model. In this study, we address the solution of a Caputo fractional-order Black–Scholes model using an analytic method named the modified initial guess homotopy perturbation method.

Methodology
Foremost, the classical Black Scholes model relaxed for European option style is generalized to be of Caputo derivative. The introduced method is established by coupling a power series function of arbitrary order with the renown He’s homotopy perturbation method. The convergence of the method is demonstrated using the fixed point theorem, and its methodology is illustrated by solving a generalized theoretical form of the fractional order Black Scholes model. The applicability of the method is proven by solving three different fractional order Black–Scholes equations derived from different market scenarios and its effectiveness is confirmed as feasible series of arbitrary orders that accelerate fast to the exact solution at an integer order were obtained. The computation of these results was carried out using Mathematica 12 software. Subsequently, the obtained outcomes were utilized in Maple 18 software to conduct a series of numerical simulations. These simulations aimed to analyze the influence of the fractional order on the dynamics of payoff functions regarding the share value as the option approached its expiration date under varying market constraints. In all three scenarios, the results showed that option values decrease as the expiration date approaches the integer order. Furthermore, the comparative outcomes reveal that Caputo fractional order derivatives control the flexibility of the classical Black–Scholes model because its payoff curve exhibits more sensitivity to changes associated with market characteristic parameters, such as volatility and interest rates.

Recommendations
We propose that the results of this work should be examined and implemented by mathematicians and economists to better comprehend the influence of Caputo-fractional order derivatives in understanding the dynamics of option price evolution of financial assets.
Factors influencing consumers purchase intention during Covid-19 pandemic in the case of Dessie Town, Ethiopia
Authors: Yimer Ahmed Mohammed , Dessie Tsadiku Setegne , Oumer Seid Hussein , Ali Mohammed Yimam 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The health emergency undertaken by the Ethiopian government to counter the impact of the Covid-19 virus has been reflected in consumer behavior. The study aims to identify changes in consumer buying behavior and its effect on their purchase intention with the help of measurement of variables related to social influence, cultural value, lifestyle, psychological factors of motivation, perception, and attitude of consumers in Dessie town during the pandemic. Data were gathered from retail shops and the surrounding area with a total of valid 368 consumers responses using a convenient sampling method which was analyzed by performing descriptive statistics, comparing mean analysis correlation analysis and multiple linear regressions. The Multiple Linear Regression Model was used to check the theoretical hypotheses. According to the findings, all variables had a positive and significant influence on purchase intention. Theoretically, this study supported the view of consumer behavior toward a product that influences their behavioral intention during a pandemic crisis. The findings proposed useful information to marketers to help them develop effective marketing strategies to convince consumers during a pandemic or similar crisis. The study recommends that all factors are critical in influencing consumers' purchase intention in the COVID-19 virus context. This study adds new ways of looking that how consumers' purchase intention is influenced by the target variables of the study under the condition of pandemic disease and it guides marketers on how they should respond to customers during a crisis.
Frontline resilience in the retail realm: the role of moral disengagement in understanding employee behavior in the post-pandemic uncertainties
Authors: Swazan Ishtehar Sharif , Youn Song-yi 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn the wake of the pandemic, retail services—especially vulnerable to ethical dilemmas due to heightened market instability—demand a deeper understanding of service employees’ behaviors. This research investigates the impact of market uncertainties on organizational justice and behaviors, with a specific examination of the moderating role of moral disengagement. An online survey was used to collect data from 255 retail service employees. Structural equation modeling (SEM) with the partial least squares (PLS) approach was applied. Findings suggest that market uncertainties influence employees' justice perceptions. Intriguingly, in conditions of high moral disengagement, the relationship between justice perception and citizenship behaviors was strengthened, indicating a nuanced interplay of ethical perceptions amidst uncertain environments. This study is the first attempt to explore the unique role of moral disengagement in understanding frontline employees’ behaviors, which can offer insights into how employees' ethical considerations evolve in complex, uncertain business environments.
Uncertainty relations for the relativistic Jackiw-Nair anyon: A first-principles derivation
Authors: Majhi Joydeep , Ghosh Subir 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In this paper we have explicitly computed the position-position and position-momentum (Heisenberg) uncertainty relations for the model of relativistic particles with arbitrary spin, proposed by Jackiw and Nair (Jackiw R. and Nair V. P. Phys. Rev. D, 43 (1991) 1933) as a model for anyon, in a purely quantum mechanical framework. This supports (via Schwarz inequality) the conjecture that anyons live in a 2-dimensional non-commutative space. We have computed the non-trivial uncertainty relation between anyon coordinates,

, using the recently constructed anyon wave function (Majhi J. et al., Phys. Rev. Lett., 123 (2019) 164801), in the framework of Bialynicki-Birula I. and Bialynicka-Birula Z., New J. Phys., 21 (2019) 07306. We also compute the Heisenberg (position-momentum) uncertainty relation for anyons. Lastly we show that the identical formalism when applied to electrons, yield a trivial position uncertainty relation, consistent with their living in a 3-dimensional commutative space.
Dexmedetomidine Infusion Versus Placebo During Light or Deep Anesthesia on Postoperative Delirium in Older Patients Undergoing Major Noncardiac Surgery: A Pilot Randomized Factorial Trial
Authors: Long Yu-qin , Xu Qi-ya , Zhao Wei-ming , Shan Xi-sheng , Yang Hao-tian , Zhuang Kai , Liu Hong , Ji Fu-hai , Peng Ke 
Published: October 2023

BACKGROUND:
Postoperative delirium (POD) is common among older surgical patients and may be affected by dexmedetomidine and depth of anesthesia. We designed this pilot study to assess the feasibility of comparing dexmedetomidine with normal saline during light versus deep anesthesia on POD in older patients undergoing major noncardiac surgery.

METHODS:
In this pilot randomized factorial study, 80 patients aged 60 years or older undergoing major noncardiac surgery were randomized (1:1:1:1) to receive dexmedetomidine infusion 0.5 μg/kg/h or normal saline placebo during light (bispectral index [BIS] target 55) or deep (BIS target 40) anesthesia. Feasibility end points included consent rate and dropout rate, timely enrollment, blinded study drug administration throughout surgery, no inadvertent unmasking, achieving BIS target throughout >70% of surgery duration, and the process of twice-daily POD screening. In addition, we estimated the POD incidences in the 2 control groups (placebo and deep anesthesia) and treatment effects of dexmedetomidine and light anesthesia.

RESULTS:
Between November 1, 2021, and June 30, 2022, 78 patients completed the trial (mean [standard deviation, SD] age, 69.6 [4.6] years; 48 male patients [62%]; dexmedetomidine-deep, n = 19; dexmedetomidine-light, n = 20; placebo-deep, n = 19; placebo-light, n = 20). This study had a high consent rate (86%) and a low dropout rate (2.5%). Average recruitment was 5 patients at each center per month. Dexmedetomidine and normal saline were administered in a blinded fashion in all patients. Unmasking did not occur in either group. Approximately 99% of patients received the scheduled study drug infusion throughout the surgery. Approximately 81% of patients achieved the BIS targets throughout >70% of the surgery duration. The scheduled twice-daily POD screening was completed without exception. Overall, 10 of the 78 patients (13%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 7%–22%) developed POD. For the 2 reference groups, POD was observed in 7 of the 39 patients (17.9%; 95% CI, 9%–32.7%) in the placebo group and 7 of the 38 patients (18.4%; 95% CI, 9.2%–33.4%) in the deep anesthesia group. Regarding the treatment effects on POD, the estimated between-group difference was –10% (95% CI, –28% to 7%) for dexmedetomidine versus placebo, and –11% (95% CI, –28% to 6%) for light versus deep anesthesia.

CONCLUSIONS:
The findings of this pilot study demonstrate the feasibility of assessing dexmedetomidine versus placebo during light versus deep anesthesia on POD among older patients undergoing major noncardiac surgery, and justify a multicenter randomized factorial trial.
Lower Cranial Nerve Schwannomas: Cohort Study and Systematic Review
Authors: Carlstrom Lucas P. , Bauman Megan M. J. , Oushy Soliman , Perry Avital , Brown Paul D. , Peris-Celda Maria , Van Gompel Jamie J. , Graffeo Christopher S. , Link Michael J. 
Published: October 2023

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Schwannomas originating from the lower cranial nerves (LCNS) are rare and pose a significant surgical challenge. Resection is the mainstay treatment; however, risk of treatment morbidity is considerable, and the available literature regarding differential treatment outcomes in this vulnerable population is sparse.

METHODS:
A single-institution cohort study and systematic literature review of LCNS were performed.

RESULTS:
Fifty-eight patients were included: 34 underwent surgical resection and 24 underwent stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS). The median age at diagnosis was 48 years (range 17-74). Presenting symptoms were dysphagia (63%), dysarthria/hypophonia (47%), imbalance (33%), and hearing loss/tinnitus (30%). Tumor size was associated with surgical resection, as compared with initial SRS (4.1 cm vs 1.5 cm, P = .0001). Gross total resection was obtained in 52%, with tumor remnants predominantly localized to the jugular foramen (62%). Post-treatment worsening of symptoms occurred in 68% of surgical and 29% of SRS patients (P = .003). Postoperative symptoms were mostly commonly hypophonia/hoarseness (63%) and dysphagia (59%). Seven patients (29%) had new neurological issues after SRS treatment, but symptoms were overall milder. The median follow-up was 60 months (range 12-252); 98% demonstrated meaningful clinical improvement. Eighteen surgical patients (53%) underwent adjuvant radiation at a median of 5 months after resection (range 2-32). At follow-up, tumor control was 97% in the surgical cohort and 96% among SRS patients.

CONCLUSION:
Although LCNS resection is potentially morbid, most postoperative deficits are transient, and patients achieve excellent tumor control—particularly when paired with adjuvant SRS. For minimally symptomatic patients undergoing surgical intervention, we advise maximally safe resection with intracapsular dissection to preserve nerve integrity where possible. For residual or as a primary treatment modality, SRS is associated with low morbidity and high rates of long-term tumor control.
On-Call Workload Differences in Neurosurgery: Resident Call “Weather” and a Departure from Colored Cloud Labels
Authors: Tan Hao , Bowden Stephen G. , Siler Dominic A. , O'Neill Brannan E. , Shahin Maryam N. , Fecker Adeline L. , Fleming-Sheffels Samantha , Han Seunggu Jude , Selden Nathan R. , Winer Jesse , Orina Josiah N. 
Published: October 2023

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Labeling residents as “black” or “white” clouds based on perceived or presumed workloads is a timeworn custom across medical training and practice. Previous studies examining whether such perceptions align with objective workload patterns have offered conflicting results. We assessed whether such peer-assigned labels were associated with between-resident differences in objective, on-call workload metrics in three classes of neurosurgery junior residents. In doing so, we introduce more inclusive terminology for perceived differences in workload metrics.

METHODS:
Residents were instructed to complete surveys to identify “sunny”, “neutral”, and “stormy” residents, reflecting least to greatest perceived workloads, of their respective classes. We retrospectively reviewed department and electronic medical records to record volume of on-call work over the first 4 months of each resident's 2nd postgraduate academic year. Inter-rater agreement of survey responses was measured using Fleiss' kappa. All statistical analyses were performed with a significance threshold of P < .05.

RESULTS:
Across all classes, there was strong inter-rater agreement in the identification of stormy and sunny residents (Kappa = 1.000, P = .003). While differences in on-call workload measures existed within each class, “weather” designations did not consistently reflect these differences. There were significant intraclass differences in per shift consult volume in two classes (P = .035 and P = .009); however, consult volume corresponded to a resident's weather designations in only one class. Stormy residents generally saw more emergencies and, in 2 classes, performed more bedside procedures than their peers.

CONCLUSION:
Significant differences in objective on-call experience exist between junior neurosurgery residents. Self- and peer-assigned weather labels did not consistently align with a pattern of these differences, suggesting that other factors contribute to such labels.
Application of the Analytic Hierarchy Process for Solving Social Wicked Problems
Authors: Minutolo Marcel 
Published: October 2023

It is my pleasure to be guest editor for the special topics section of the International Symposium of the Analytic Hierarchy Process (ISAHP2022). Peer-reviewed papers from this symposium will be published in IJAHP in the special topics section of this issue and following issues as they become accepted for publication. In listening to the speakers at the 2022 International Symposium of the Analytic Hierarchy Process, it became clear how many of society’s problems are “wicked” and in need of a rigorous process whereby they can be disaggregated and discussed without involving stakeholders’ emotions. Many of the social challenges that the world faces today are “wicked problems” as defined by Camillus (2016). The term "wicked problem" was coined by Rittel and Webber (1973). It refers to complex and ill-structured problems that are difficult to define, have multiple interrelated causes and effects, and often lack a clear solution. Understanding wicked problems is crucial, as they often involve issues related to sustainability, environmental, social and governance (ESG) concerns, and conflict resolution. Wicked problems are characterized by several key attributes that make them particularly challenging to solve.
Photonic beamforming using a quantum-dash optical frequency comb source
Authors: Xie Yuxuan , Khalil Mostafa , Sun Hao , Moosabhoy Sehr , Liu Jiaren , Lu Zhenguo , Poole Philip J. , Weber John , Chen Lawrence R. 
Published: October 2023

We demonstrate photonic beamforming using a quantum-dash (QD) optical
frequency comb (OFC) source.
Thanks to the 25 GHz free
spectral range (FSR) and up to 40 comb lines available from the QD
OFC, we can implement phased antenna arrays (PAAs) with directional
radiation and scanning. We consider two types of PAAs: a uniform
linear array (ULA) and a uniform planar array (UPA). By selecting
different comb lines with a programmable optical filter, we can tune
the FSR of the OFC source and realize a discrete scanning function. We
evaluate the beam squint of the ULAs, and the results show that we can
achieve broadband operation. Finally, we show that we can achieve both
directional radiation and scanning simultaneously using the UPA.
TE/TM mode electro-optic conversion based on a titanium diffusion lithium niobate waveguide with a polarization-maintained fiber structure
Authors: Li Yang , Yang Zuoxin , Chen Huajiang , Liu Runhao , Peng Jiahao , Fu Fangheng , Yang Tiefeng , Guan Heyuan , Yang Xu , Di Hongwei , Lu Huihui 
Published: October 2023

For the development of photonic integrated circuits and lithium niobate (LiNbO3, LN) optical waveguide technology, the implementation and application of polarization devices based on LN are also becoming more widespread, where titanium (Ti)-diffused LN waveguides form the basis of many important electro-optic (EO) integrated optical devices. Moreover, utilizing polarization conversion has the potential to enhance both the effectiveness and capacity of optical transmission. Thus, we have presented an EO polarization mode converter packaging with PANDA polarization-maintaining optical fibers (PMFs) in the broadband wavelength range (1440–1620 nm) to obtain the multiwavelength modulation, featuring the wavelength tunability. Additionally, the fabricated device is able to achieve transverse electric (TE) to transverse magnetic (TM) mode conversion efficiently with the applied voltage of ±, which provides high conversion efficiency. Importantly, our device also features a high-frequency response of about 600 MHz with overall insertion loss below 5 dB. The rapid development of LN-based polarization devices holds great promise for chip-integrated systems in the field of polarization telecommunication.
Quasi-TPPs/Fano resonance systems based on an MDM waveguide structure and its sensing application
Authors: Lu Yunqing , Zhou Yongqiang , Cheng Di , Li Mengmeng , Xu Yuexin , Xu Ji , Wang Jin 
Published: October 2023

In this paper, quasi-Tamm plasmon polaritons (TPPs)/Fano resonance systems based on metal–dielectric–metal (MDM) waveguides are proposed. TPPs are surface electromagnetic modes formed at the interface between a metal and a one-dimensional dielectric photonic crystal (PhC). A metal plasmonic Bragg reflector (PBR) in a MDM waveguide is equivalent to a dielectric PhC, which is realized by periodic MDM waveguide width modulation and leads to the photonic bandgap. By introducing a thin Ag baffle and a PBR in MDM waveguide core, the quasi-TPPs are excited at the interface between the Ag baffle and the PBR, when the phase-matching condition is met. The proposed structure can be fabricated with focused ion beam or electron beam direct-writing lithography, avoiding complex fabrication procedures of manufacturing dielectric PhC by filling the MDM waveguide core with different dielectric materials. Furthermore, an MDM waveguide side-coupled resonator system is constructed to generate Fano resonance by placing a PBR on the side of the MDM waveguide and an Ag baffle in the waveguide core. The Fano resonance originates from the interference between a broad continuum state provided by the Ag baffle and a discrete state provided by quasi-TPPs. The sensing performance of the Fano resonance system is investigated. In this design, the open PBR structure replaces the traditional closed resonant cavity, which makes it more convenient to contact with analytes. The numerical simulations demonstrate that a high sensitivity of 1500 nm/RIU and figure of merit value of 4.08×105 are achieved.
Voltage-tunable optical parametric oscillator with an alternating dispersion dimer integrated on a chip
Authors: Pidgayko Dmitry , Tusnin Aleksandr , Riemensberger Johann , Stroganov Anton , Tikan Alexey , Kippenberg Tobias J. 
Published: October 2023

Optical parametric oscillators enable the conversion of pump light to new frequency bands using nonlinear optical processes. Recent advances in integrated nonlinear photonics have led to the creation of compact, chip-scale sources via Kerr-nonlinearity-induced parametric oscillations. While these sources have provided broadband wavelength tuning, the ability to tune the emission wavelength via dynamically altering the dispersion has not been attained so far. Here we present a voltage-tunable, on-chip integrated optical parametric oscillator based on an alternating-dispersion dimer, allowing us to tune the emission over nearly 20 THz near 1550 nm. Unlike previous approaches, our device eliminates the need for a widely tunable pump laser source and provides efficient pump filtering at the drop port of the auxiliary ring. Integration of this scheme on a chip opens up the possibility of compact and low-cost voltage-tunable parametric oscillators with diverse application possibilities.
Prevalence of delayed antiretroviral therapy initiation among people living with HIV: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Tao Yan , Xiao Xueling , Zhang Ci , Xie Ying , Wang Honghong 
Published: October 2023

Objective
HIV continues to be a global challenge. Key recommendations for HIV prevention and treatment are presented on rapid antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation. However, several studies showed a high prevalence of delayed ART initiation. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the prevalence of delayed ART initiation among HIV-infected patients globally.

Methods
This review summarised eligible studies conducted between January 2015 and August 2022 on the prevalence of delayed ART initiation in HIV-infected adults (age ≥ 15). Relevant studies were systematic searched through PubMed/Medline, EMBASE, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang, and Chongqing VIP databases. Random-effects models were used to calculate pooled prevalence estimates. The heterogeneity was evaluated using Cochran’s Q test and I2 statistics. Moreover, potential sources of heterogeneity were explored using univariate subgroup analysis.

Results
Data on the prevalence of delayed ART initiation was pooled across 29 studies involving 34,937 participants from 15 countries. The overall pooled prevalence of delayed ART initiation was 36.1% [95% confidence interval (CI), 29.7–42.5%]. In subgroup analysis, the estimated pooled prevalence decreased with age. By sex, the prevalence was higher among male patients (39.3%, 95% CI: 32.2–46.4%) than female (36.5%, 95% CI: 26.9–50.7%). Patients with high CD4 cell count were more likely to delay ART initiation than those with low CD4 cell count (>500cells/mm3: 40.3%; 201-500cells/mm3: 33.4%; and ≤200cells/mm3: 25.3%).

Conclusions
Our systematic review and meta-analysis identified a high prevalence of delayed ART initiation. The prolonged time interval between diagnosis and treatment is a prevalent and unaddressed problem that should spur initiatives from countries globally. Further research is urgently needed to identify effective strategies for promoting the early ART initiation.