bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sparse optimal control of Timoshenko's beam using a locking‐free finite element approximation
Authors: Hernández Erwin , Merino Pedro 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis paper addresses the optimal control problem with sparse controls of a Timoshenko beam, its numerical approximation using the finite element method, and the numerical solution via nonsmooth methods. Incorporating sparsity‐promoting terms in the cost function is practically useful for beam vibration models and results in the localization of the control action that facilitates the placement of actuators or control devices. We consider two types of sparsity‐inducing penalizers: the ‐norm and the ‐penalizer, which measures function support. We analyze discretized problems utilizing linear finite elements with a locking‐free scheme to approximate the states and adjoint states. We confirm that this approximation has the looking‐free property required to achieve a linear convergence linear order of approximation for control case and depending on the set of switching points in the controls. This is similar to the purely ‐norm penalized optimal control, where the order of approximation is independent of the thickness of the beam.
Optimization of vibration control using a hybrid scheme with sliding‐mode and positive position feedback
Authors: Enríquez‐Zárate J. , Gómez‐Peñate S. , Hernández C. , Villarreal‐Valderrama Francisco , Velázquez R. , Trujillo Leonardo 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis article presents the design of a nonlinear hybrid controller for an underactuated Duffing oscillator with 2 degrees of freedom. The main control purpose is to reduce the frequency‐response to specific resonant‐frequencies while maintaining its robustness to external disturbances. The resulting hybrid controller uses sliding mode control (SMC) with a positive position feedback (PPF) scheme. This is structured such that the SMC provides system robustness and tracking, while the PPF allows damping specific resonant frequencies. The system was evaluated using frequency sweeps in terms of acceleration in the second degree of freedom. In this case, the control input is applied through the first degree of freedom. Moreover, multi‐objective optimization is implemented to tune of the control parameters. Simulation results show that the system response to external vibrations can be reduced up to 83.88% by using the proposed PPF + SMC scheme.
ℋ∞ robust control of discrete‐time systems based on new linear matrix inequality formulations and evolutionary optimization
Authors: Gonçalves Eduardo Nunes , Oliveira Pauliana Rufino de Almeida Lima , da Silva Júnior João Horácio 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis study presents novel formulations for robust state‐feedback control synthesis for discrete‐time linear time‐invariant systems based on linear matrix inequalities. The proposed formulations require searching for two adjustment matrices. The synthesis formulations include other formulations from the literature as particular cases according to specific values of the adjustment matrices. We propose the application of evolutionary optimization to determine the optimal values of these two adjustment matrices. One approach to obtaining a single‐step formulation for static output‐feedback control synthesis is to transform a state‐feedback control synthesis formulation via the simple change of variables. The alteration of variables considered in this study requires an adjustment matrix. The adjustment matrix influences the performance of the resulting controller or the existence of a feasible solution to the problem. Here, we also propose the application of evolutionary optimization to determine the optimal value of this adjustment matrix and the two adjustment matrices of the proposed formulations to obtain the optimal robust control system. Case studies verify that despite the increased complexity, the proposed formulations and the method required to tune them may be indispensable in achieving a robustly stable control system or an enhanced performance for more intricate problems.
Misty Bodies of Water and Artistic Relationality in the Hydrocene
Authors: Bailey‐Charteris Bronwyn 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACTThe Hydrocene is the watery, disruptive, conceptual epoch that I name for the tide of art going into the blue in response to the climate crisis. In this short watery provocation and essay, I share the potential significance of ‘misting’ as a hydro‐artistic method of reorientation from within fog, where fog becomes a portal towards embodied encounters in art practices. I look to the extensive fog‐based work of Japanese artist Fujiko Nakaya alongside Australian artists Emily Parsons‐Lord's misty installationThings fall apart(2017) and Janet Laurence's hazy site‐specific public workIn the Shadow(2000) as examples of misting. I relate the artists' pieces to theorist Ifor Duncan's concept of ‘Occult Meteorology’ and Janine Randerson's notion of ‘Weather as Medium’, and further propose misting as a hydro‐artistic method in the Hydrocene. The potential of artistic relationality between misty bodies of water in contemporary eco‐critical art practices opens up possibilities of engaging indeterminate watery futures.
Habit and skill retention in recycling
Authors: Brewer Dylan , Cameron Samantha 
Published: November 2023

AbstractFrom 2002 to 2004, New York City ceased collecting residential glass and plastic recycling due to city budgetary pressure. We use data on recycling rates in New York City, New Jersey, and Massachusetts in a difference‐in‐differences (DID) research design to determine whether this exogenous pause weakened previously formed recycling habits. Despite a 50% decline in the overall recycling rate in 2003, by 2005 the overall recycling rate had fully recovered. Our results suggest that recycling habits are persistent in the short term and that the loss of previously established recycling habits and skills are not an unintended harm of pausing a recycling program. We show that these results hold in the standard DID approach, as well as a synthetic DID approach modified to estimate time‐disaggregated treatment effects separately, which eliminates pre‐trends and improves the precision of our estimates.
Improving flushing processes through targeted control of the temperature boundary conditions
Authors: Liebmann Vera , Heide Matti , Köhler Hannes , Rüdiger Frank , Fröhlich Jochen 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn this contribution the authors investigate how flushing of chocolate using a follow‐up chocolate in a straight horizontal pipe is affected by temperature. The authors investigate a non‐uniform distribution of temperature across the considered domain. This is done using two cases, where the first exhibits a wall temperature deviating from the normal process temperature and the second exhibits a differently tempered follow‐up chocolate. The investigations are performed using unsteady three‐dimensional numerical simulations with an OpenFOAM multiphase solver, which is extended to include an additional equation for energy conservation. The physical properties of the chocolate are analyzed with respect to their dependence on temperature and implemented in a new model in OpenFOAM. The results of both cases are assessed according to industrially relevant questions. Among others, they include the amount of follow‐up chocolate needed to achieve a set goal of cleanliness. The time needed to achieve this is also considered. A dimensionless time is used to compare the different cases. Recommendations are provided on how different temperature of pipe wall and follow‐up chocolate may lead to improved flushing processes and which savings may be achieved with this strategy.
Polyurethane coatings modified with ladder‐like polysiloxane
Authors: Lobanovskaya Ekaterina S. , Mokeev Maxim V. , Zuev Vjacheslav V. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn this work, ladder‐like polyphenylsiloxane containing silanol groups was used for modification of polyurethane (PU) based on MDI and polypropylene oxide polyol. The obtained coatings have excellent mechanical performance and adhesion to steel. This improvement was confirmed through a combination of characterization techniques. The tensile strength and strength adhesion to steel increase by more than one order of magnitude when polysiloxane fraction increased from 10 to 50 wt.%. With an increase loading level, the coating transforms from hydrophilic to hydrophobic. The reinforcement effect was motivated by restriction of molecular mobility in PU matrix as was shown by solid‐state 1H NMR spectroscopy and formation of chemical bonds between PU and polysiloxane units.
Disruption of the TP53 locus in osteosarcoma leads to TP53 promoter gene fusions and restoration of parts of the TP53 signalling pathway
Authors: Saba Karim H , Difilippo Valeria , Kovac Michal , Cornmark Louise , Magnusson Linda , Nilsson Jenny , van den Bos Hilda , Spierings Diana CJ , Bidgoli Mahtab , Jonson Tord , Sumathi Vaiyapuri P , Brosjö Otte , Staaf Johan , Foijer Floris , Styring Emelie , Nathrath Michaela , Baumhoer Daniel , Nord Karolin H 
Published: November 2023

AbstractTP53 is the most frequently mutated gene in human cancer. This gene shows not only loss‐of‐function mutations but also recurrent missense mutations with gain‐of‐function activity. We have studied the primary bone malignancy osteosarcoma, which harbours one of the most rearranged genomes of all cancers. This is odd since it primarily affects children and adolescents who have not lived the long life thought necessary to accumulate massive numbers of mutations. In osteosarcoma, TP53 is often disrupted by structural variants. Here, we show through combined whole‐genome and transcriptome analyses of 148 osteosarcomas that TP53 structural variants commonly result in loss of coding parts of the gene while simultaneously preserving and relocating the promoter region. The transferred TP53 promoter region is fused to genes previously implicated in cancer development. Paradoxically, these erroneously upregulated genes are significantly associated with the TP53 signalling pathway itself. This suggests that while the classical tumour suppressor activities of TP53 are lost, certain parts of the TP53 signalling pathway that are necessary for cancer cell survival and proliferation are retained. In line with this, our data suggest that transposition of the TP53 promoter is an early event that allows for a new normal state of genome‐wide rearrangements in osteosarcoma. © 2023 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
KITexon 17 mutations are predictive of inferior outcome in pediatric acute myeloid leukemia withRUNX1::RUNX1T1
Authors: Srinivasan Shyam , Dhamne Chetan , Patkar Nikhil , Chatterjee Gaurav , Moulik Nirmalya Roy , Chichra Akanksha , Pallath Aneeta , Tembhare Prashant , Shetty Dhanalaxmi , Subramanian P. G. , Narula Gaurav , Banavali Shripad 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundPediatric core binding factor acute myeloid leukemia (CBF‐AML), although considered a favorable risk subtype, exhibits variable outcomes primarily driven by additional genetic abnormalities, such asKITmutations.ProcedureIn this study, we examined the prognostic impact ofKITmutations in 130 pediatric patients with CBF‐AML, treated uniformly at a single center over 4 years (2017–2021).KITmutations were detected via next‐generation sequencing using a myeloid panel comprising 52 genes for most patients.ResultsOur findings revealed thatKITmutations were present in 31% of CBF‐AML cases. Exon 17KITmutation was most commonly (72%) seen with notable occurrences at the D816 and N822 residue in 48% and 39% of cases, respectively. The 3‐year cumulative incidence of relapse (CIR) and overall survival (OS) for patients with exon 17KITmutation were 36% and 40%, respectively, and was significantly worse in comparison to other siteKITmutations (3‐year CIR: 11%; OS: 64%) and withoutKITmutation (3‐year CIR: 13%; OS:71%). Notably, the prognostic impact ofKITmutations was prominent in patients withRUNX1::RUNX1T1, but not in those withCBFB::MYH11fusion. Additionally, a highKITvariant‐allele frequency (VAF) (>33%) predicted for a higher disease relapse; 3‐year CIR of 40% for VAF greater than 33% versus 7% for VAF less than 33%. When adjusted for site ofKITmutation and end‐of‐induction measurable residual disease, VAF greater than 33% correlated with poor OS (hazard ratio [HR]: 4.4 [95% CI: 1.2–17.2],p = .034).ConclusionExon 17KITmutations serve as an important predictor of relapse inRUNX1::RUNX1T1pediatric AML. In addition, a highKITVAF may predict poor outcomes in these patients. These results emphasize the need to incorporateKITmutational analysis into risk stratification for pediatric CBF‐AML.
Poly(methyl methacrylate‐co‐butyl acrylate) copolymer/Ag nanocomposites prepared by latex mixing for multifunctional coatings
Authors: Li Hui , Luo Rong , Qu Jianbo 
Published: November 2023

AbstractInspired by mussel chemistry, we presented a facile and eco‐friendly method to synthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using dopamine as a reductant and stabilizer. The synthesized AgNPs as an antibacterial agent and photothermal filler were further introduced to random copolymers of methyl methacrylate and butyl acrylate (MMA‐co‐BA) via latex mixing. The morphology and structure of the formed AgNPs were confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), UV–Vis spectrum, and x‐ray powder diffraction (XRD). The results showed that the synthesized AgNPs were spherical in the size of 5–30 nm with the characteristic crystalline structure of AgNPs. Mechanical properties of MMA‐co‐BA were significantly enhanced by the introduction of AgNPs. The MMA‐co‐BA/Ag nanocomposite films showed antibacterial activity against E. coli and S. aureus. Moreover, the scratches on the MMA‐co‐BA/Ag nanocomposite film can be healed under infrared light irradiation, which indicated that AgNPs enhanced the self‐healing ability of the MMA‐co‐BA. This work offers a viable avenue for developing antibacterial activity and self‐healing multifunctional coatings.Highlights
Silver nanoparticles modified by dopamine are introduced to acrylic copolymer.
Acrylic copolymer/Ag nanocomposites exhibit antibacterial activity.
Acrylic copolymer/Ag nanocomposites have photothermal performance.
Acrylic copolymer/Ag nanocomposites have self‐healing ability.
Fetal macrocephaly: Pathophysiology, prenatal diagnosis and management
Authors: Shinar Shiri , Chitayat David , Shannon Patrick , Blaser Susan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractMacrocephaly means a large head and is defined as a head circumference (HC) above the 98th percentile or greater than +2SD above the mean for gestational age. Macrocephaly can be primary and due to increased brain tissue (megalocephaly), which in most cases is familial and benign or secondary. The latter may be due to various causes, including but not limited to communicating or non‐communicating hydrocephalus, cerebral edema, focal and pericerebral increased fluid collections, thickened calvarium and brain tumors. Megalocephaly can be syndromic or non‐syndromic. In the former, gyral and structural CNS anomalies are common. It is important to exercise caution when considering a diagnosis of megalocephaly due to limitations in the accuracy of HC measurement, lack of nomograms for specific populations, inconsistencies between prenatal and postnatal HC growth curves and progression over time. The degree of macrocephaly is important, with mild macrocephaly ≤2.5SD carrying a good prognosis, especially when one of the parents has macrocephaly and normal development. Cases in which the patient history and/or physical exam are positive or when parental HC are normal are more worrisome and warrant a neurosonogram, fetal MRI and genetic testing to better delineate the underlying etiology and provide appropriate counseling.
Nickel‐coated carbon fillers for polyurethane foam with improved microwave absorption performance: A comparative analysis
Authors: Kurt Gökçe , Korkmaz Mehmet , Kasgoz Alper 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn this study, polyurethane foam (PUF) composites were prepared by incorporating different functional fillers, and morphological, rheological, dielectric, and microwave absorption properties of these composite samples were investigated. Graphite (G), nickel (Ni), nickel‐coated hybrid carbon (NiC), and iron II‐III oxide (Fe3O4) powders were used as functional fillers, while rigid polyurethane foam (PUF) with a 40 kg/m3 density and a closed‐cell structure was used as the carrier foam phase. Morphological analyses that were carried out by scanning electron microscopy showed that all fillers were dispersed between the cell walls. In dielectric characterization, the highest electrical permittivity values were obtained by incorporation of G, while the highest magnetic permeability values were obtained by incorporation of Fe3O4 at the same filler concentration. Furthermore, the PUF composites could be prepared using NiC at a higher filler concentration than the others due to the lower viscosity increasing effect of NiC. The highest microwave absorption performance was obtained in the NiC‐filled PUF composite at a filler concentration of 120 phr. The minimum reflection loss (RL) value of −45.2 dB at 10.62 GHz and an RL value lower than −10 dB in the entire X‐band region were obtained in the NiC‐filled PUF composite.Highlights
Nickel‐coated carbon (NiC) filled polyurethane foam (PUF) was prepared.
The absorption performance of NiC was compared to conventional filler.
PUF composites containing NiC showed lower viscosity and processability.
The highest absorption could be obtained by NiC compared to conventional fillers.
Improved pressure‐sensitive adhesive performance using carboxylated cellulose nanocrystals via blending
Authors: Movafagh Maryam , Meek Kelly M. , Bayat Parisa , Cranston Emily D. , Cunningham Michael , Champagne Pascale , Morse Timothy , Kiriakou Michael , George Sean , Dubé Marc A. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractCarboxylated cellulose nanocrystals (cCNCs) were blended with high‐quality commercial latex to enhance key pressure‐sensitive adhesive (PSA) properties: tack, peel strength, and shear adhesion. Initially, a 25–1 fractional factorial design was used to evaluate the effect of five factors: cCNC type (never‐dried vs. dried re‐dispersed), the use of sonication to disperse the cCNC, cCNC loading, blend temperature, and mixing speed. The regression analysis identified optimal blend conditions and the three most significant factors. It was found that increasing mixing speed had the strongest positive impact on all three PSA properties. A subsequent design of experiments looked at using a different mixing system—a homogenizer—and the data were viewed relative to the mixing power. Further increase in mixing beyond the original design framework led to increase in shear adhesion but decreased tack and peel strength. Nevertheless, in all cases, the PSA properties of the blended latexes exceeded that of the base‐case latex without cCNCs. The second factor of importance was the cCNC loading. The blending of cCNCs at levels beginning at 0.5 phm (parts per hundred parts monomer) led to the simultaneous improvement in all three PSA properties compared to the base‐case latex. The 1 phm level appeared to provide the best impact on the PSA properties. Finally, the need to sonicate the cCNCs dispersions before blending was significant. The results were further supported by rheological measurements, which demonstrated significant increase in viscosity with cCNC addition. This study clearly demonstrates the effectiveness of cCNC blending to improve all PSA properties simultaneously and provides practical insights for industrial‐scale application.
Spectroscopic pressure investigation of a novel high energy system
Authors: Neal Sabine N. , Patel Rajen B. , Stepanov Victor , Tenney Samuel A. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis work combines a novel multimodal spectroscopic technique, O‐PTIR and Raman spectroscopy, which allows for the simultaneous collection of infrared and Raman spectra, with traditional diamond anvil cell techniques to explore pressure induced phase transitions in a high energy material. Two phase transitions are revealed, with the first transition emerging below 0.23 GPa, to a higher order phase, followed by a broad transition to a lower order phase. Aside from the pressure studies, hyperspectral imaging was performed, confirming the homogeneous nature of the system.
Disruption of semiochemical‐mediated movement by the immature Trogoderma variabile Baillon and Trogoderma inclusum Le Conte (Coleoptera: Dermestidae) after exposure to long‐lasting insecticide‐incorporated netting
Authors: Ranabhat Sabita , Domingue Michael J. , Lebar Luke , Bingham Georgina V. , Zhu Kun Yan , Morrison William R. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDHighly mobile stored product insects may be able to readily orient in response to food cues and pheromones to attack durable commodities at each link of the postharvest supply chain. A 0.4% deltamethrin‐incorporated long‐lasting insecticide‐incorporated netting (LLIN) is a successful novel preventative integrated pest management (IPM) tactic to intercept dispersing insects after harvest. However, it is unknown whether exposure to LLIN may affect olfaction and orientation to important semiochemicals by immature stored product dermestids, therefore the aim of this study was to assess whether exposure to LLIN disrupts the normal olfactory and chemotactic behavior of warehouse beetle, Trogoderma variabile Ballion (Coleoptera: Dermestidae), and the larger cabinet beetle, T. inclusum Le Conte (Coleoptera: Dermestidae), larval movement in the presence of important semiochemicals, including food kairomones (e.g., flour) and pheromones, e.g., (Z)‐14‐methyl‐8‐hexadecenal.RESULTSThe distance moved by the larval population of T. variabile was reduced by 64% after 24‐h exposure to LLIN compared to control netting but not immediately after exposure, while T. inclusum larvae movement was reduced by 50% after 24‐h exposure to LLIN compared to the control netting. Generally, the olfaction and orientation of larval dermestids were affected after exposure to LLIN compared to control netting. There were species‐linked differences in effects on olfaction after the insects were exposed to LLIN.CONCLUSIONOur study suggests the use of LLIN may enhance the effectiveness of other concurrent behaviorally‐based strategies such as mating disruption when used as part of a comprehensive IPM program in the postharvest environment. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry. This article has been contributed to by U.S. Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA.