bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Liver Biliary Function Evaluation on a 1.5T Magnetic Resonance Imaging Scan by T1 Reduction Rate Assessment Using Variable-Flip-Angle Sequences
Authors: Di Stasio Marco , Cordopatri Cesare , Nardi Cosimo , Busoni Simone , Noferini Linhsia , Colagrande Stefano , Calistri Linda 
Published: February 2024

Objective
Magnetic resonance (MR) relaxometry is an absolute and reproducible quantitative method, compared with signal intensity for the evaluation of liver biliary function. This is obtainable by the T1 reduction rate (T1RR), as it carries a smaller systematic error than the pre/post contrast agent T1 measurement. We aimed to develop and test an MR T1 relaxometry tool tailored for the evaluation of liver T1RR after gadolinium ethoxybenzyl-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid administration on 1.5T MR.

Methods
In vitro/vivo (liver) T1RR values with two 3D FLASH variable-flip-angle sequences were calculated by a MATLAB algorithm. In vitro measurements were done by 2 physicists, in consensus. The prospective in vivo study was approved by the local ethical committee and performed on 13 normal/26 cirrhotic livers. A supplemental test in 5 normal/5 cirrhotic livers, out of the studied series, was done to compare the results of our method (without B1 inhomogeneity correction) and those of a standardized commercial tool (with B1 inhomogeneity correction). All in vivo evaluations were performed by 2 radiologists with 7 years of experience in abdominal imaging. Open-source Java-based software ImageJ was used to draw the free-hand regions of interest on liver section and for the measurement of hepatic T1RR values. The T1RR values of each group of patients were compared to assess statistically significant differences. All statistical analyses were performed with IBM-SPSS Statistics. In vivo evaluations, the intrareader and interreader reliability was assessed by intraclass correlation coefficient.

Results
Our method showed good accuracy in evaluating in vitro T1RR with a maximum percentage error of 9% (constant at various time points) with T1 values in the 200- to 1400-millisecond range. In vivo, a high concordance between the T1RR evaluated with the proposed method and that calculated from the standardized commercial software was verified (P < 0.05). The median T1RRs were 74.8, 67.9, and 52.1 for the normal liver, Child-Pugh A, and Child-Pugh B cirrhotic groups, respectively. A very good agreement was found, both within intrareader and interreader reliability, with intraclass correlation coefficient values ranging from 0.88 to 0.95 and from 0.85 to 0.90, respectively.

Conclusions
The proposed method allowed accurate reliable in vitro/vivo T1RR assessment evaluation of the liver biliary function after gadolinium ethoxybenzyl-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid administration.
Optimizing High-Resolution MR Angiography: The Synergistic Effects of 3D Wheel Sampling and Deep Learning–Based Reconstruction
Authors: Sasaki Goh , Uetani Hiroyuki , Nakaura Takeshi , Nakahara Keiichi , Morita Kosuke , Nagayama Yasunori , Kidoh Masafumi , Iwashita Koya , Yoshida Naofumi , Hokamura Masamichi , Yamashita Yuichi , Nakajima Makoto , Ueda Mitsuharu , Hirai Toshinori 
Published: February 2024

Objective
The aim of this study was to assess the utility of the combined use of 3D wheel sampling and deep learning–based reconstruction (DLR) for intracranial high-resolution (HR)–time-of-flight (TOF)–magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) at 3 T.

Methods
This prospective study enrolled 20 patients who underwent head MRI at 3 T, including TOF-MRA. We used 3D wheel sampling called “fast 3D” and DLR for HR-TOF-MRA (spatial resolution, 0.39 × 0.59 × 0.5 mm3) in addition to conventional MRA (spatial resolution, 0.39 × 0.89 × 1 mm3). We compared contrast and contrast-to-noise ratio between the blood vessels (basilar artery and anterior cerebral artery) and brain parenchyma, full width at half maximum in the P3 segment of the posterior cerebral artery among 3 protocols. Two board-certified radiologists evaluated noise, contrast, sharpness, artifact, and overall image quality of 3 protocols.

Results
The contrast and contrast-to-noise ratio of fast 3D-HR-MRA with DLR are comparable or higher than those of conventional MRA and fast 3D-HR-MRA without DLR. The full width at half maximum was significantly lower in fast 3D-MRA with and without DLR than in conventional MRA (P = 0.006, P < 0.001). In qualitative evaluation, fast 3D-MRA with DLR had significantly higher sharpness and overall image quality than conventional MRA and fast 3D-MRA without DLR (sharpness: P = 0.021, P = 0.001; overall image quality: P = 0.029, P < 0.001).

Conclusions
The combination of 3D wheel sampling and DLR can improve visualization of arteries in intracranial TOF-MRA.
Neuroendocrine Tumor Presented With Axillary Mass
Authors: Sicilia Pozo María de las Nieves , López-Bermejo García Fernando , Ruiz Disotuar Niletys , Alarcón Molero Lorena , Poblete García Víctor Manuel 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
A 79-year-old man presented with a palpable left axillary mass and ultrasonography findings of conglomerate lymph nodes. The initial clinical suspicion was a lymphoproliferative disorder, but histopathological results revealed a grade 3 neuroendocrine tumor. The mass showed somatostatin receptor overexpression in 99mTc-HYNIC-TOC scintigraphy and high uptake in 18F-FDG PET/CT. Bilateral hypermetabolic adrenal nodes suggestive of metastases were also detected. The patient was treated with chemotherapy and immunotherapy, and PET/CT scan showed a partial metabolic response after 4 cycles. According to this case, neuroendocrine tumor should be considered in the differential diagnosis of axillary masses.
Hepatitis B virus infection during pregnancy and the risk of postpartum hemorrhage: a protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Zou Kang , Chen Jingwen , Guo Jin , Wei Wanqiang , Liao Mingyu , Cai Qixin , Xiong Yiquan 
Published: February 2024

Background:
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a significant public health issue worldwide, with a hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) seroprevalence of 3.5%. Maternal HBV infection during pregnancy, a common comorbidity, is associated with an increase in the risk of adverse obstetric and perinatal outcomes. However, the relationship between maternal HBV infection and postpartum hemorrhage (PPH), a leading contributor to maternal morbidity and mortality, is currently uncertain. The aim of this study is to comprehensively clarify the potential impact of maternal HBV on PPH risk.

Methods and Analysis:
The authors initially searched five English databases and three Chinese databases from their inception to 26th June 2023. Two reviewers will independently conduct study selection, data extraction, and quality assessment. Cohort and case–control studies investigating the effect of maternal HBV infection on PPH will be included, with study quality assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale (NOS). Meta-analyses will be performed using a fixed-effects model for I
2≤50% or a random-effects model otherwise. Several categories of subgroup analyses (e.g. sample size more than 1000 vs. less than 1000) and sensitivity analyses (e.g. omit NOS scores less than 7) will be conducted, and publication bias will be assessed through funnel plots, Begg’s and Egger’s tests using STATA 18.0.

Ethics and Dissemination:
This systematic review and meta-analysis do not require ethics approval and the results will be published in peer-reviewed journals. The findings of this systematic review will provide evidence on the impact of maternal HBV infection on PPH, which will contribute to better prevention and management of PPH in clinical practice and a better understanding of the disease burden of HBV infection.

PROSPERO registration number:
CRD42023442626
Peritoneal Tuberculosis, an underestimated diagnosis: A case report
Authors: Laamara Leila , Benaissa Elmostafa , Achemlal Amine , Bounakhla Amal , Bssaibis Fatna , Ben Lahlou Yassine , Maleb Adil , Chadli Mariama , Elouennass Mostafa 
Published: February 2024

Tuberculosis is an infectious disease that most often affects the lungs, it is of human-to-human transmission caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Peritoneal tuberculosis is an extra-pulmonary form of the disease that usually manifests as an ascitic syndrome, with or without fever, in a context of altered general condition, often in endemic areas. The diagnosis of peritoneal tuberculosis is not always easy, as the clinical signs are often insidious and unspecific.
We report a case of peritoneal tuberculosis in an 18-year-old young female, who had presented for 10 days with a progressive increase in abdominal volume associated with vomiting and diarrhea.
Neura: a specialized large language model solution in neurology
Authors: Barrit Sami , Torcida Nathan , Mazeraud Aurélien , Boulogne Sébastien , Benoit Jeanne , Carette Timothée , Carron Thibault , Delsaut Bertil , Diab Eva , Kermorvant Hugo , Maarouf Adil , Slootjes Sofia Maldonado , Redon Sylvain , Robin Alexis , Hadidane Sofiène , Harlay Vincent , Tota Vito , Madec Tanguy , Niset Alexandre , El Hadwe Salim , Massager Nicolas , Lagarde Stanislas , Carron Romain 
Published: February 2024

AbstractLarge language models’ (LLM) ability in natural language processing holds promise for diverse applications, yet their deployment in fields such as neurology faces domain-specific challenges. Hence, we introduce Neura: a scalable, explainable solution to specialize LLM. Blindly evaluated on a select set of five complex clinical cases compared to a cohort of 13 neurologists, Neura achieved normalized scores of 86.17% overall, 85% for differential diagnoses, and 88.24% for final diagnoses (55.11%, 46.15%, and 70.93% for neurologists) with rapid response times of 28.8 and 19 seconds (9 minutes and 37.2 seconds and 8 minutes and 51 seconds for neurologists) while consistently providing relevant, accurately cited information. These findings support the emerging role of LLM-driven applications to articulate human-acquired and integrated data with a vast corpus of knowledge, augmenting human experiential reasoning for clinical and research purposes.
Short and long-term prognosis after tissue negative transient ischemic attack
Authors: Purroy Francisco , Gallego Yhovany , Gil-Villar M Pilar , Begue Robert , Arque Gloria , Quilez Alejandro , Sanahuja Jordi , Vazquez-Justes Daniel , Mauri Gerard 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundRecently, there has been a proposal to retire the concept of transient ischemic attack (TIA) because, in all likelihood, patients experiencing brief episodes of transient brain ischemia without associated cerebral lesions might be exceedingly rare or carry no risk of stroke recurrence (SR). However, only a few observational studies have evaluated the risk of SR exclusively among tissue-negative TIA patients. Our aim was to assess the early and long-term prognosis of consecutive tissue-negative TIA patients attended at an emergency departmentMethodsWe carried out a prospective cohort study of consecutive TIA patients with tissue negative TIA from January 2006 to June 2010. All patients underwent diffusion-weighted imaging on MRI (DWI) (4.0 [SD 1.8] days) after the index event. The risk and predictors of SR were determined at 1 year and after a median follow-up time of 6.6 (interquartile range, 5.0-9.6) years.ResultsA total of 370 patients were included. Previously, 244 patients with positive DWI results and 109 patients without MRI performed were excluded. ABCD2 score>5 was determined in 95 (26.2%) patients. 15 (4.1%) patients suffered SR at 1 year and 18 (4.9%) beyond 1 year. Predictive models for short-term and long-term prognosis were different. Large artery atherosclerosis etiology (Hazard ratio [HR] 3.7 [1.2-11.0]) was the only predictor of 1 year SR. In contrast, male sex (HR 4.17 [95% CI 1.14-15.23]; P=0.031), speech impairment (HR 4.90 [95% CI 1.05-22.93]; P=0.044), and presence of chronic microangiopathy expressed as Fazekas score of 3 (HR 1.84 [95% CI 1.15-2.97]; P=0.012) were predictors of long-term SR follow-up.ConclusionThe risk of SR after tissue negative TIA is not insignificant. Predictors of short and long-term prognosis are different. Sex, clinical characteristics at onset, etiology and chronic microangiopathy determine the risk of SR.
Validation of “Days Alive and out of Hospital” as an Outcome Measure After Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery, Acute Coronary Syndrome and Heart Failure Hospitalisation
Authors: Grant Robert , Liao Weiqi , Miksza Joanne , Roman Marius , Murphy Gavin 
Published: February 2024

Background and Rationale‘Days alive and out of hospital’ (DAOH) is a composite outcome measure that integrates several outcomes, including death, hospital length-of-stay, and hospital readmission. The minimum clinical important difference (MCID) in DAOH and its relation to clinically important long-term outcomes has not yet been studied for patients admitted to hospital for coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG), acute coronary syndrome (ACS), or heart failure (HF). We propose to determine whether differences in DAOH in common use as a MCID in clinical trials will be associated with significant differences in clinically important outcomes.Methods and AnalysisThis is a retrospective observational cohort study in three separate cohorts of adult (≥18 years) patients admitted to National Health Service (NHS) hospitals in England for: i) ACS ii) CABG iii) HF. Patients will be identified through Hospital Episode Statistics (HES) Admitted Patient Care (APC) data from 01/01/2009 – 31/12/2015 and followed up to 5 years after the index admission date.Adjusted and unadjusted multivariable fractional polynomial Cox regression models will be used to estimate HRs for primary outcomes, according to pre-specified differences in DAOH.Ethics and DisseminationThis is a sub study of the observational cohort study ‘In Silico Trials of Surgical Interventions - Using Routinely Collected Data to Model Trial Feasibility and Design Efficiency In Vivo Randomised Controlled Trials’ -ClinicalTrials.govIdentifier:NCT05853536. Ethical approval has been obtained from University of Leicester Research Ethics Committee (22322-yll15-ls:cardiovascularsciences). Findings from this study will be disseminated through peer-reviewed scientific publications and research conferences.
Inequalities in oral health: Estimating the longitudinal economic burden of dental caries by deprivation status in six countries
Authors: Dunleavy Gerard , Verma Neeladri , Raghupathy Radha , Jain Shivangi , Hofmeister Joao , Cook Rob , Vujicic Marko , Kebschull Moritz , Chapple Iain , West Nicola , Pitts Nigel 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe recent World Health Organization (WHO) resolution on oral health urges pivoting to a preventive approach and integration of oral health into the non-communicable diseases agenda. This study aimed to: 1) explore the healthcare costs of managing dental caries between the ages of 12 and 65 years across socioeconomic groups in six countries (Brazil, France, Germany, Indonesia, Italy, UK), and 2) estimate the potential reduction in direct costs from non-targeted and targeted oral health-promoting interventions.MethodsA cohort simulation model was developed to estimate direct costs of over time for different socioeconomic groups. National-level DMFT (dentine threshold) data, the relative likelihood of receiving an intervention (such as a restorative procedure, tooth extraction and replacement), and clinically-guided assumptions were used to populate the model. A hypothetical group of upstream and downstream preventive interventions were applied either uniformly across all deprivation groups to reduce caries progression rates by 30% or in a levelled-up fashion with the greatest gains seen in the most deprived group.ResultsThe population level direct costs of caries from 12 to 65 years of age varied between US10.2bn in Italy to US$36.2bn in Brazil. The highest per-person costs were in the UK at US$22,910 and the lowest in Indonesia at US$7,414. The per-person direct costs were highest in the most deprived group across Brazil, France, Italy and the UK. With the uniform application of preventive measures across all deprivation groups, the greatest reduction in per-person costs for caries management was seen in the most deprived group across all countries except Indonesia. With a levelling-up approach, cost reductions in the most deprived group ranged from US$3,948 in Indonesia to US$17,728 in the UK.ConclusionOur exploratory analysis shows the disproportionate economic burden of caries in the most deprived groups and highlights the significant opportunity to reduce direct costs via levelling-up preventive measures. The healthcare burden stems from a higher baseline caries experience and greater annual progression rates in the most deprived. Therefore, preventive measures should be primarily aimed at reducing early childhood caries, but also applied across all ages.
Temporal variations in international air travel: implications for modelling the spread of infectious diseases
Authors: Wardle Jack , Bhatia Sangeeta , Cori Anne , Nouvellet Pierre 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe international flight network creates multiple routes by which pathogens can quickly spread across the globe. In the early stages of infectious disease outbreaks, analyses using flight passenger data to identify countries at risk of importing the pathogen are common and can help inform disease control efforts. A challenge faced in this modelling is that the latest aviation statistics (referred to as contemporary data) are typically not immediately available. Therefore, flight patterns from a previous year are often used (referred to as historical data). We explored the suitability of historical data for predicting the spatial spread of emerging epidemics.MethodsWe analysed monthly flight passenger data from the International Air Transport Association to assess how baseline air travel patterns were affected in outbreaks of MERS, Zika, and SARS-CoV-2 over the past decade. We then used a stochastic discrete time SEIR metapopulation model to simulate global spread of different pathogens, comparing how epidemic dynamics differed in simulations based on historical and contemporary data.ResultsWe observed local, short-term disruptions to air travel from South Korea and Brazil for the MERS and Zika outbreaks we studied, whereas global and longer-term flight disruption occurred during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.For outbreak events that were accompanied by local, small, and short-term changes in air travel, epidemic models using historical flight data gave similar projections of timing and locations of disease spread as when using contemporary flight data. However, historical data were less reliable to model the spread of an atypical outbreak such as SARS-CoV-2 in which there were durable and extensive levels of global travel disruption.ConclusionsThe use of historical flight data as a proxy in epidemic models is an acceptable practice except in rare, large epidemics that lead to substantial disruptions to international travel.
A scoping review of online food retail: Who’s using it, what they are buying, and what tactics are used to promote healthy or unhealthy purchases
Authors: Reimold Alexandria E. , Hall Marissa G. , Rummo Pasquale E. , Duffy Emily W. , Gonzalez David , Smith Taillie Lindsey 
Published: February 2024

AbstractOnline grocery shopping is an increasingly common part of the retail food environment. However, existing reviews have yet to synthesize the large swath of online grocery shopping research. We searched seven databases for studies reporting empirical data on online grocery retailing and shopping. Two reviewers screened search results and extracted information from 117 manuscripts containing 122 studies. Most studies were conducted in North America, Europe, and Asia. Younger, highly educated, and higher-income individuals were most likely to use online grocery and time savings, convenience, and website usability were the most common motivators for use. Common deterrents included the inability to pick perishable items and a lack of trust in the in-store shopper. Barriers included delivery and service fees, difficulty navigating online ordering, and limited availability. Individuals were more likely to purchase bulky/heavy items and less likely to purchase impulse items and perishables like fresh produce. The most common online retail promotion was price discounting. However, shoppers reported that marketing tactics seemed less noticeable online compared to brick-and-mortar stores. Online grocery has gained popularity; nevertheless, barriers may reflect inequities in access. Research is needed to further understand how shopping online influences overall food purchases and how to ensure equitable access.
Insights from Single-Cell RNA-seq: Identifying the Actin Gene Family as Novel Drivers in Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Sayad Saed , Hiatt Mark , Mustafa Hazem 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundParkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder, affecting millions of individuals worldwide. The complex etiology of PD involves a combination of genetic and environmental factors. The Actin family encompasses a group of highly conserved cytoskeletal proteins that play a crucial role in maintaining cellular structure and function. Actin proteins are involved in various cellular processes, including cell motility, vesicle trafficking, and synaptic transmission. This paper delves into the exploration of the Actin family of genes, revealing their potential as key contributors to Parkinson’s Disease through the application of single-cell RNA-seq.MethodWe obtained single-cell transcriptomes (GSE237133) from the NIH portal website. We conducted an extensive comparative analysis of single-cell transcriptomes derived from Parkinson’s disease organoids and two control organoids to identify differentially expressed genes, pathways, and gene ontology terms.ResultsWe conducted a comparative analysis of single-cell transcriptomes from Parkinson’s disease organoid and two control organoids, aiming to identify differentially expressed genes, pathways, and gene ontology items. In comparing the PD organoid with the control organoid, we observed that the ACTB and ACTG1 genes were common among 18 of the top 20 upregulated KEGG pathways and among 15 of the top 20 upregulated Reactome pathways. Additionally, when comparing the PD organoid with the isogenic control organoid, we found the ACTB and ACTG1 genes shared among 19 out of the top 20 pathways and among 19 out of the top 20 upregulated Reactome pathways. An additional noteworthy finding includes the overexpression of several “Mitochondrially Encoded NADH” family genes in the PD organoid cells compare to the control organoids cells.ConclusionThe Actin family of genes in general and ACTB and ACTG1 genes in particular emerges as a potential new player in the convoluted landscape of Parkinson’s disease. Further research is needed to elucidate the precise mechanisms through which Actin dysregulation contributes to PD pathology and to develop targeted therapeutic approaches. Unraveling the connections between Actin and PD may pave the way for innovative strategies to intervene in the disease process, ultimately improving the lives of individuals affected by Parkinson’s disease.