bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cardiac arrest in obstetric patients receiving anaesthetic care: results from the 7th National Audit Project of the Royal College of Anaesthetists
Authors: Lucas D. N. , Kursumovic E. , Cook T. M. , Kane A. D. , Armstrong R. A. , Plaat F. , Soar J. 
Published: January 2024

SummaryThe 7th National Audit Project (NAP7) of the Royal College of Anaesthetists studied peri‐operative cardiac arrest. Additional inclusion criteria for obstetric anaesthesia were: cardiac arrest associated with neuraxial block performed by an anaesthetist outside the operating theatre (labour epidural analgesia); and cardiac arrest associated with remifentanil patient‐controlled analgesia. There were 28 cases of cardiac arrest in obstetric patients, representing 3% of all cardiac arrests reported to NAP7, giving an incidence of 7.9 per 100,000 (95%CI 5.4–11.4 per 100,000). Obstetric patients were approximately four times less likely to have a cardiac arrest during anaesthesia care than patients having non‐obstetric surgery. The single leading cause of peri‐operative cardiac arrest in obstetric patients was haemorrhage, with underestimated severity and inadequate early resuscitation being contributory factors. When taken together, anaesthetic causes, high neuraxial block and bradyarrhythmia associated with spinal anaesthesia were the leading causes overall. Two patients had a cardiac arrest related to labour neuraxial analgesia. There were no cardiac arrests related to failed airway management or remifentanil patient‐controlled analgesia.
Anaesthetic efficacy and postinduction hypotension with remimazolam compared with propofol: a multicentre randomised controlled trial
Authors: Fechner J. , El‐Boghdadly K. , Spahn D. R. , Motsch J. , Struys M. M. R. F. , Duranteau O. , Ganter M. T. , Richter T. , Hollmann M. W. , Rossaint R. , Bercker S. , Rex S. , Drexler B. , Schippers F. , Morley A. , Ihmsen H. , Kochs E. ,   the Surgery Under Remimazolam ‐ Total IntraVenous Anaesthesia (SURE‐TIVA) Trial Group
Published: January 2024

SummaryRemimazolam, a short‐acting benzodiazepine, may be used for induction and maintenance of total intravenous anaesthesia, but its role in the management of patients with multiple comorbidities remains unclear. In this phase 3 randomised controlled trial, we compared the anaesthetic efficacy and the incidence of postinduction hypotension during total intravenous anaesthesia with remimazolam vs. propofol. A total of 365 patients (ASA physical status 3 or 4) scheduled for elective surgery were assigned randomly to receive total intravenous anaesthesia with remimazolam (n = 270) or propofol (n = 95). Primary outcome was anaesthetic effect, quantified as the percentage of time with Narcotrend® Index values ≤ 60, during surgery (skin incision to last skin suture), with a non‐inferiority margin of ‐10%. Secondary outcome was the incidence of postinduction hypotensive events. Mean (SD) percentage of time with Narcotrend Index values ≤ 60 during surgery across all patients receiving remimazolam (93% (20.7)) was non‐inferior to propofol (99% (4.2)), mean difference (97.5%CI) ‐6.28% (‐8.89–infinite); p = 0.003. Mean (SD) number of postinduction hypotension events was 62 (38.1) and 71 (41.1) for patients allocated to the remimazolam and propofol groups, respectively; p = 0.015. Noradrenaline administration events (requirement for a bolus and/or infusion) were also lower in patients allocated to remimazolam compared with propofol (14 (13.5) vs. 20 (14.6), respectively; p < 0.001). In conclusion, in patients who were ASA physical status 3 or 4, the anaesthetic effect of remimazolam was non‐inferior to propofol.
Developing and validating a team cultural intelligence scale
Authors: Bücker Joost , Korzilius Hubert 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWith a social–cognitive framework, this article presents the further development and a six‐step validation procedure for a team cultural intelligence (TCQ) scale that measures the abilities that cross‐cultural teams need to perform vital tasks, extract information, and make decisions by leveraging the unique perspectives of diverse team members. In the first step, the confirmation of the content validity of the instrument is based on extant literature, which indicates a second‐order latent factor TCQ and five first‐order latent dimensions. The other validity tests appear in four empirical studies with different samples, mainly of employees working in cross‐cultural teams. Reliability testing shows that, after the removal of one item, TCQ and its dimensions attain adequate to good reliability, leading to a 20‐item TCQ scale. The third step reveals robust psychometric properties, in support of the assumed factor structure, and points to adequate convergent and discriminant validity. Next, tests indicate nomological and criterion‐related validity of TCQ and its dimensions in relation to team performance outcomes and other team characteristics. Finally, in the sixth validation step, TCQ exhibits incremental validity for explaining variance in innovative work behavior, beyond team members' individual CQ. These findings have relevant implications and suggest avenues for further research.
Effect of fermented tomato pomace on the growth performance, antioxidant capacity, and intestinal microflora in broiler chickens
Authors: Gungor Emrah , Altop Aydin , Erener Guray 
Published: January 2024

AbstractSolid‐state fermentation is a useful method for the utilization of the agri‐industrial residues. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of tomato pomace (TP) and Aspergillus niger‐fermented tomato pomace (FTP) on the growth performance, some carcass traits, antioxidant status, and intestinal microflora in broiler chickens. A total of 140 Ross 308 one‐day‐old male chicks were allocated to one of four treatment groups consisting of five replicates of seven chicks each. Chicks were fed ad libitum with the corn‐soybean based basal diet (control), the basal diet supplemented with 0.25 g/kg synthetic antioxidant, 10 g/kg TP or 10 g/kg FTP for 42 days. Dietary TP increased serum glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) but did not affect the growth performance. Dietary inclusion of FTP improved the feed conversion ratio and raised serum GPx and SOD. Carcass traits, malondialdehyde level, pH, and color of breast meat and cecal microflora were not affected by dietary treatments. The results of the study showed that TP can be used as a natural antioxidant in broiler diets without a detrimental effect on growth performance. Dietary FTP can be suggested as an alternative to synthetic antioxidants with beneficial effects on growth performance and antioxidant capacity.
Neighborhood risk and prenatal care utilization in Rhode Island, 2005–2014
Authors: Habtemariam Helena , Schlichting Lauren E. , Kole‐White Martha B. , Berger Blythe , Vivier Patrick 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe importance of prenatal care is undeniable, as pregnant persons who receive on‐time, adequate prenatal care have better maternal and infant health outcomes compared with those receiving late, less than adequate prenatal care. Previous studies assessing the relationship between neighborhood factors and maternal health outcomes have typically looked at singular neighborhood variables and their relationship with maternal health outcomes. In order to examine a greater number of place‐based risk factors simultaneously, our analysis used a unique neighborhood risk index to assess the association between cumulative risk and prenatal care utilization, which no other studies have done.MethodsData from Rhode Island Vital Statistics for births between 2005 and 2014 were used to assess the relationship between neighborhood risk and prenatal care utilization using two established indices. We assessed neighborhood risk with an index composed of eight socioeconomic block‐group variables. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to examine the association between adequate use and neighborhood risk.ResultsIndividuals living in a high‐risk neighborhood were less likely to have adequate or better prenatal care utilization according to both the APNCU Index (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.91, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.87–0.95) and the R‐GINDEX (aOR 0.88, 95% CI 0.85–0.91) compared with those in low‐risk neighborhoods.ConclusionUnderstanding the impact of neighborhood‐level factors on prenatal care use is a critical first step in ensuring that underserved neighborhoods are prioritized in interventions aimed at making access to prenatal care more equitable.
Health and healthcare of people with learning disabilities in the United Kingdom through the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Hatton Chris , Hastings Richard P. , Caton Sue , Bradshaw Jill , Jahoda Andrew , Kelly Rosemary , Maguire Roseann , Oloidi Edward , Taggart Laurence , Todd Stuart ,   The Coronavirus and People with Learning Disabilities Study Team
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundDuring the COVID‐19 pandemic in the United Kingdom, many health services were withdrawn from people with learning disabilities, with negative impacts on people's health. What has happened to people's health and healthcare as we move beyond the pandemic?MethodsAccess to health services and health status were tracked for 550 UK adults with learning disabilities, using structured online interviews with people with learning disabilities and online surveys with family members or paid carers. Information was provided four times, from Wave 1 (in the winter 2020/2021 ‘lockdown’) to Wave 4 (autumn 2022, over a year after public health protections stopped).FindingsBy Wave 4, most people with learning disabilities had had COVID‐19, although high vaccination rates limited the number of people hospitalised. There was little evidence that use of GP services, community nurses, other therapists or annual health checks had increased over time, and at Wave 4 more people were having difficulty getting their medicines. People's health did not substantially improve over time. People with profound and multiple learning disabilities had poorer health and were less likely to be accessing health services.ConclusionsImprovements in access to health services for people with learning disabilities after the pandemic have not yet happened.
Ex vivo expansion of human hematopoietic stem cells and clinical applications
Authors: Sakurai Masatoshi , Ishitsuka Kantaro , Becker Hans Jiro , Yamazaki Satoshi 
Published: January 2024

AbstractHematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are a rare population of cells found in the bone marrow that play a critical role in lifelong hematopoiesis and the reconstitution of the hematopoietic system after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation remains the only curative treatment for patients with refractory hematologic disorders, and umbilical cord blood (CB) serves as an alternative stem cell source due to its several advantageous characteristics, including human leukocyte antigen flexibility and reduced donor burden. However, CB also has the disadvantage of containing a small number of cells, resulting in limited donor selection and a longer time for engraftment. Therefore, the development of techniques to expand HSCs ex vivo, particularly umbilical CB, is a goal in hematology. While various combinations of cytokines were once the mainstream approach, these protocols had limited expansion rates and did not lead to clinical application. However, in recent years, the development of a technique in which small molecules are added to cytokines has enabled the stable, long‐term ex vivo expansion of human HSCs. Clinical trials of expanded umbilical CB using these techniques have been undertaken and have confirmed their efficacy and safety. In addition, we have successfully developed a recombinant‐cytokine‐free and albumin‐free culture system for the long‐term expansion of human HSCs. This approach could offer the potential for more selective expansion of human HSCs compared to previous protocols. This review discusses ex vivo culture protocols for expanding human HSCs and presents the results of clinical trials using these techniques, along with future perspectives.
Optical coherence tomography biomarkers in early and intermediate age‐related macular degeneration: A clinical guide
Authors: Vidal‐Oliver Lourdes , Montolío‐Marzo Elena , Gallego‐Pinazo Roberto , Dolz‐Marco Rosa 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAdvanced forms of age‐related macular degeneration (AMD), characterised by atrophic and neovascular changes, are a leading cause of vision loss in the elderly population worldwide. Prior to the development of advanced AMD, a myriad of risk factors from the early and intermediate stages of AMD have been published in the scientific literature over the last years. The ability to precisely recognise structural and anatomical changes in the ageing macula, altogether with the understanding of the individual risk implications of each one of them is key for an accurate and personalised diagnostic assessment. The present review aims to summarise updated evidence of the relative risk conferred by diverse macular signs, commonly seen on optical coherence tomography, in terms of progression to geographic atrophy or macular neovascularization. This information may also serve as a basis for tailored follow‐up monitoring visits.
The clinical and genetic landscape of developmental and epileptic encephalopathies in Egyptian children
Authors: Elkhateeb Nour , Issa Mahmoud Y. , Elbendary Hasnaa M. , Elnaggar Walaa , Ramadan Areef , Rafat Karima , Kamel Mona , Abdel‐Ghafar Sherif F. , Amer Fawzia , Hassaan Hebatallah M. , Trunzo Roberta , Pereira Catarina , Abdel‐Hamid Mohamed S. , D'Arco Felice , Bauer Peter , Bertoli‐Avella Aida M. , Girgis Marian , Gleeson Joseph G. , Zaki Maha S. , Selim Laila 
Published: January 2024

AbstractDevelopmental and epileptic encephalopathies (DEEs) are a heterogeneous group of epilepsies characterized by early‐onset, refractory seizures associated with developmental regression or impairment, with a heterogeneous genetic landscape including genes implicated in various pathways and mechanisms. We retrospectively studied the clinical and genetic data of patients with genetic DEE who presented at two tertiary centers in Egypt over a 10‐year period. Exome sequencing was used for genetic testing. We report 74 patients from 63 unrelated Egyptian families, with a high rate of consanguinity (58%). The most common seizure type was generalized tonic–clonic (58%) and multiple seizure types were common (55%). The most common epilepsy syndrome was early infantile DEE (50%). All patients showed variable degrees of developmental impairment. Microcephaly, hypotonia, ophthalmological involvement and neuroimaging abnormalities were common. Eighteen novel variants were identified and the phenotypes of five DEE genes were expanded with novel phenotype–genotype associations. Obtaining a genetic diagnosis had implications on epilepsy management in 17 patients with variants in 12 genes. In this study, we expand the phenotype and genotype spectrum of DEE in a large single ethnic cohort of patients. Reaching a genetic diagnosis guided precision management of epilepsy in a significant proportion of patients.
In vitro and in vivo accuracy of autonomous robotic vs. fully guided static computer‐assisted implant surgery
Authors: He Jin , Zhang Qinmeng , Wang Xueting , Fu Mengdie , Zhang Hui , Song Luyao , Pu Rui , Jiang Zhiwei , Yang Guoli 
Published: January 2024

AbstractObjectivesTo assess the accuracy of autonomous robotic and fully guided static computer‐assisted implant surgery (sCAIS) performed on models and patients.Materials and MethodsThis study was divided into in vitro and in vivo sections. In vitro, 80 operators were assigned to two groups randomly. Forty operators performed forty autonomous robotic implant (ARI group) surgeries and the remaining forty operators carried out forty fully guided sCAIS (FGI group) surgeries on maxillary models, respectively. Each operator placed an implant in one maxillary model. In vivo, 60 patients with 113 implants from 2019 to 2023 (ARI group: 32 patients, 58 implants; FGI group: 28 patients, 55 implants) receiving implant surgeries were incorporated in this retrospective research. The preoperative and postoperative cone beam computer tomographs (CBCTs) were utilized to estimate the linear deviations and angular deviations in two‐dimensional (2D) and three‐dimensional (3D) space. The Pearson's chi‐square test, Shapiro–Wilk test, Student's t test, Mann–Whitney U test and mixed models were applied, and p <0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsIn vitro, a total of 80 implants were enrolled and significant differences were found between the two groups (p < 0.001): The 3D deviation at the platform of ARI and FGI group was 0.58 ± 0.60 mm and 1.50 ± 1.46 mm, respectively, at the apex was 0.58 ± 0.60 mm and 1.78 ± 1.35 mm, respectively, and angle was 1.01 ± 0.87° and 2.93 ± 1.59°, respectively. Also, except for mesiodistal deviation at the implant platform, the rest linear and angular deviations in the ARI group were significantly lower than those in the FGI group in 2D space (p < 0.001). In vivo, a significantly lower mean of angular deviation (0.95 ± 0.50°, p < 0.001) and the linear deviation at both platform (0.45 ± 0.28 mm, p < 0.001) and apex (0.47 ± 0.28 mm, p < 0.001) were observed in ARI group when compared to the FGI group (4.31 ± 2.60°; 1.45 ± 1.27 mm; 1.77 ± 1.14 mm).ConclusionsThe use of autonomous robotic technology showed significantly higher accuracy than the fully guided sCAIS.
Pre‐exercise protein intake is associated with reduced time in hypoglycaemia among adolescents with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Muntis Franklin R. , Crandell Jamie L. , Evenson Kelly R. , Maahs David M. , Seid Michael , Shaikh Saame R. , Smith‐Ryan Abbie E. , Mayer‐Davis Elizabeth 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAimSecondary analyses were conducted from a randomized trial of an adaptive behavioural intervention to assess the relationship between protein intake (g and g/kg) consumed within 4 h before moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity (MVPA) bouts and glycaemia during and following MVPA bouts among adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D).Materials and MethodsAdolescents (n = 112) with T1D, 14.5 (13.8, 15.7) years of age and 36.6% overweight/obese, provided measures of glycaemia using continuous glucose monitoring [percentage of time above range (>180 mg/dl), time in range (70‐180 mg/dl), time below range (TBR; <70 mg/dl)], self‐reported physical activity (previous day physical activity recalls), and 24 h dietary recall data at baseline and 6 months post‐intervention. Mixed effects regression models adjusted for design (randomization assignment, study site), demographic, clinical, anthropometric, dietary, physical activity and timing covariates estimated the association between pre‐exercise protein intake on percentage of time above range, time in range and TBR during and following MVPA.ResultsPre‐exercise protein intakes of 10‐19.9 g and >20 g were associated with an absolute reduction of −4.41% (p = .04) and −4.83% (p = .02) TBR during physical activity compared with those who did not consume protein before MVPA. Similarly, relative protein intakes of 0.125‐0.249 g/kg and ≥0.25 g/kg were associated with −5.38% (p = .01) and −4.32% (p = .03) absolute reductions in TBR during physical activity. We did not observe a significant association between protein intake and measures of glycaemia following bouts of MVPA.ConclusionsAmong adolescents with T1D, a dose of ≥10 g or ≥0.125 g/kg of protein within 4 h before MVPA may promote reduced time in hypoglycaemia during, but not following, physical activity.
Islamic finance and economic growth: Global evidence
Authors: Hanif Muhammad , Chaker Mohammed , Sabah Ariba 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWe document the contribution of Islamic finance development to economic growth by studying a global sample of countries engaged in providing Islamic financial services. Fifteen countries are included in the sample based on significant Islamic banking share in total domestic banking assets. Results are documented through the application of the Panel regression (EGLS) method for the period 2001–2020. Findings suggest a positive contribution of the Islamic Financial Services Industry (IFSI) to economic growth in sample countries in multiple regression settings. Additionally, a range of control variables, including domestic credit to the private sector, inflation, and trade openness, contribute significantly to economic growth. We recommend the creation of a conducive environment for the promotion of IFSI on account of the built‐in stability feature and positive contribution to economic growth. We also recommend overall development in the financial sector of selected economies, including credit availability to the private sector and trade openness. Our study helps in understanding the dynamics of economic growth in economies with a dual banking system (conventional & Islamic). This article contributes to the literature by studying a larger sample of countries engaged in the practice of Islamic finance and considering the significance of the market share of assets under IFSI.
Experiences of the use of portfolio in dental education – A qualitative meta‐ethnographic literature review
Authors: Lundegren Nina , Lindberg Pia , Gummesson Christina 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIntroductionPortfolio with a collection of evidence has become popular in higher education, including dental education. It is valuable to study the experiences of the use and implementation processes. Meta‐ethnography can be a suitable method to analyse, synthesize and construct interpretations of qualitative research. Our aim was to explore experiences from the use of a portfolio/e‐portfolio in dental education, from the students' and teachers' perspectives.Materials and MethodsA systematic search in the databases PubMed, Scopus and ERC was performed, and the established seven steps of a meta‐ethnographic review were used. 278 papers were initially identified, and seven were included in the final analysis.ResultsTwo themes (Issues to Address and Consequences) and five subthemes (Purpose, Roles, Support and Structure, Challenges and Enablers, and Gains) were constructed.DiscussionOur synthesis reflects various challenges, yet the learning gains are recognized and expressed to be important once the students and teachers have overcome early thresholds. Beyond the conclusions drawn in each paper, our synthesis provides new perspectives on the complexity of an implementation process and the balance of not seeing the woods for the trees being overwhelmed by technical and other practical aspects, reducing the opportunity for learning.ConclusionThe portfolio implementation in undergraduate dental education should address clarification to all stakeholders of the purpose and role, presenting a purposeful portfolio structure and timely support.