bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Evaluation of Two Autologous Tendon Grafting Techniques in Ponies
Authors: Reiners Scott R. , Jann Henry W. , Stein Larry E. , Good James K. , Claypool P. Larry 
Published: August 2002

Objective—To compare the healing and mechanical strength of a multiple split autologous tendon graft (MG) to a whole autologous tendon graft (WG) in the deep digital flexor tendon of ponies.Study design—In vitro evaluation of two different tendon‐grafting techniques.Animals or sample population—Six ponies of mixed gender and age.Methods—Tenotomies performed in forelimb deep digital flexor tendons (DDFT) distal to the insertion of the accessory ligament (AL‐DDFT) were repaired with free autologous grafts from the hindlimb lateral digital extensor tendon (LDET). Grafts were either whole (WG) or split into three longitudinal strips (multiple graft, MG). Tendons and graft sites were collected and loaded (2.54 cm/s) to failure at either 4 or 8 weeks after surgery. Cross‐sectional area was determined by both impression cast (IC) and an inkblot (IB) method. Tissue maturity and inflammation were evaluated by microscopy.Results—Gap formation was a consistent finding in all repair sites. No statistical differences were found in healing or mechanical variables between MG and WG techniques. The failure stress for the 8‐week repairs (15.51 ± 3.1 MPa IB and 11.73 ± .77 MPa IC, 16.13 ± 2.2 MPa IB and 10.22 ± .76 MPa IC for MG and WG, respectively) were significantly greater (P< .0005) than for 4‐week repairs (3.71 ± 1.7 MPa IB and 2.68 ± 1.44 MPa IC, 2.81 ± 1.46 MPa IB and 2.3 ± 1.7 MPa IC for MG and WG, respectively). The repair tissue was more mature (P< .05) at 8 weeks than at 4 weeks, but there was no significant difference in inflammatory responses at 4 and 8 weeks.Conclusions—There was a sixfold increase in strength between 4 and 8 weeks of healing, but no significant difference in healing or strength between the MG and WG techniques.Clinical relevance—In ponies, autologous tendon grafting contributes to a strong repair during the early convalescent period, but splitting a tendon graft seemingly offers no appreciable advantage over use of a whole graft.
Epidural Morphine and Detomidine Decreases Postoperative Hindlimb Lameness in Horses after Bilateral Stifle Arthroscopy
Authors: Goodrich Laurie R. , Nixon Alan J. , Fubini Susan L. , Ducharme Norm G. , Fortier Lisa A. , Warnick Lorin D. , Ludders John W. 
Published: August 2002

Objective—To determine whether preoperative epidural administration of morphine and detomidine would decrease postoperative lameness after bilateral stifle arthroscopy in horses.Study design—Prospective clinical controlled study.Animals—Eight adult horses that had bilateral arthroscopic procedures, including drilling of cartilage and subchondral bone within the femoropatellar joints.Methods—Horses were randomly separated into 2 groups. Preoperatively, 4 horses were administered a combination of epidural morphine (0.2 mg/kg) and detomidine (30 μg/kg), and 4 horses were administered an equivalent volume of epidural saline (0.9% NaCl) solution. Postoperative pain was assessed using 6 video recordings made at hourly intervals of each horse at a walk. Assessments began 1 hour after recovery from anesthesia. The recordings were scrambled out of sequence and evaluated by 3 observers, unaware of treatment groups, who scored lameness from 0 to 4. Lameness scores of the 2 groups of horses were compared using a Wilcoxon's rank sum test. Heart and respiratory rates were also measured at each hourly interval and compared between groups using a repeated‐measures ANOVA; statistical significance was set atP< .05.Results—Preoperative administration of epidural morphine and detomidine significantly decreased lameness and heart rates after bilateral stifle arthroscopy. The greatest decrease was detected at hours 1 and 2 after recovery from anesthesia.Conclusion—We conclude that horses undergoing a painful arthroscopic procedure of the stifle joint benefit from the administration of preoperative epidural morphine and detomidine.Clinical relevance—Preoperative epidural administration of detomidine and morphine may be useful in decreasing postoperative pain after stifle arthroscopy as well as pain associated with other painful disorders involving the stifle joint, such as septic arthritis and trauma.
The Effect of Equine Recombinant Growth Hormone on Second Intention Wound Healing in Horses
Authors: Dart Andrew J. , Cries Lucile , Jeffcott Leo B. , Hodgson David R. , Rose Reuben J. 
Published: August 2002

Objective—To evaluate the effect of intramuscular administration of recombinant equine growth hormone on healing of full thickness skin wounds on equine limbs.Study design—Experimental.Animals—Nine Standardbred horses.Methods—In study 1, standardized full thickness skin wounds (2.5 × 2.5 cm) were made over the dorsomedial aspect of the mid‐cannon bone of 1 forelimb and 1 hindlimb in 9 horses. Wounds were bandaged without treatment (control subjects) and videorecorded twice weekly until healed. Then, in study 2, similar wounds were created on the opposite limbs; 6 horses were administered intramuscular recombinant equine growth hormone (10 μg/kg daily for 7 days, then 20 μg/kg daily for 49 days), and 3 horses (control subjects) were administered equivalent volumes of sterile water. Wounds were videorecorded twice weekly until healed. Wound healing variables were measured from the videorecordings using a computer software package and analyzed as a randomized complete block design factorial analysis of variance; significance was set atP< .05.Results—No differences in the measured variables were detected between wounds in study 1 and the control wounds in study 2. In recombinant equine growth hormone–treated horses, wounds retracted more during treatment and contracted faster after treatment stopped when compared with wounds from untreated horses. No other treatment effects were detected.Conclusions—Recombinant equine growth hormone seemingly increases wound retraction. After treatment ceases, wound contraction increases.Clinical relevance—Intramuscular administration of recombinant equine growth hormone (10 μg/kg daily for 7 days, then 20 μg/kg daily for 49 days) does not appear to have any beneficial clinical effect on healing of equine limb wounds.
Are Circular External Fixators Weakened by the use of Hemispheric Washers?
Authors: Marcellin‐Little Denis J. , Roe Simon C. , Rovesti Gian Luca , Bosio Alessandro , Ferretti Antonio 
Published: August 2002

Objectives—To compare the axial mechanical stability of 3 circular external fixators systems with and without hemispheric washers.Study design—Experimental study.Methods—The axial stiffness and load necessary to produce 0.5 and 1 mm of displacement of 10 circular external fixator constructs from 3 manufacturers were tested on a materials testing machine. The constructs tested included the Small Bone fixator (SBF; Hofmann S.a.S., Monza, Italy), the IMEX ring fixator (IMEX Inc., Longview, TX), and the Multiplanar C‐Fix (MCF; PanVet Distribuzione, Seriate, Italy). Five configurations were tested for each construct: (1) conventional nut fixation, (2) hemispheric washer fixation with connecting rods offset by 0, (3) 1, and (4) 2 holes, and (5) with a ring placed at maximum angulation.Results—The loads resisted at 0.5 and 1 mm of displacement did not differ when frame configurations were compared (P=.25733 and .33769, respectively). The linear stiffness of the following configurations were decreasingly stiff: standard constructs, hemispheric washers with connecting rods perpendicular to rings, hemispheric washers with connecting rods offset by 1 hole, hemispheric washers with connecting rods offset by 2 holes, and ring offset in relation to bone model. The SBF constructs tested were 34% and 41% more rigid than the IMEX and MCF constructs tested despite the larger diameter of the connecting rods for the IMEX frames (6 mm) compared with the SBF frames (5 mm). The IMEX constructs tested were 6% more rigid than the MCF constructs tested.Conclusions—Adding hemispheric washers and angling connecting rods in relation to rings did not influence the loads resisted at 0.5 and 1 mm displacement but decreased construct stiffness.Clinical relevance—The use of hemispheric washers had minor effects on the biomechanical performance of fixator frames tested in this study when used to angle a ring in relation to connecting rods for circular external fixators.
Agonistic and sociable behaviors in the mound‐building mice, Mus spicilegus: A comparative study with Mus musculus domesticus
Authors: Patris B. , Gouat P. , Jacquot C. , Christophe N. , Baudoin C. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractPresent social organization and mating systems result from selective pressures and ecological conditions but also from proximate interactions between individuals. Many studies report on a polygynous mating system with a social group territoriality in commensal populations of Mus musculus domesticus. However, little is known about the social organization of other Mus species living in outdoor conditions, such as the mound‐building mouse Mus spicilegus. Comparative studies between M. m. domesticus and M. spicilegus have already shown behavioral differences in female sexual preferences and paternal care. To study agonistic and sociable interactions and gain insight into the social organization and the mating system of M. spicilegus, the present study compared intraspecific dyadic encounters between unfamiliar adults in these two species. Results demonstrated less tolerance between females and between the sexes in M. spicilegus than in M. m. domesticus unfamiliar mice. The consequences of those differences between M. spicilegus and M. m. domesticus on social organization and mating system are discussed. Aggr. Behav. 28:75–84, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The influence of competitive status (winner/loser) on the behavior of male rats in three models of anxiety
Authors: Peres Rogério Corrêa , Leite José Roberto 
Published: August 2002

AbstractStudies indicate that features such as prior stressful experience, strain, gender, and age can influence the behavior of rats in animal models of anxiety. In the present study, we examined the possible influence of competitive status (winner/loser) in three such models: the elevated plus‐maze, the open field, and the social interaction test. One hundred to 135‐day‐old male Wistar rats were conditioned to traverse a straight runway tube to obtain food. Subsequently, two rats were placed at the same time in the runway tube and, being unable to pass each other, one of them pushed the other to the opposite end‐box. The rats were categorized as winners or losers in this competition. One week after the straight runway tube test, the rats were submitted to the anxiety models, where it was observed that winner rats showed greater locomotor activity than the losers in the three models studied. Furthermore, winner rats showed less immobility and higher central and total locomotor activity in the open field and a greater duration of social interaction in the social interaction test. These results suggest that competitive status has an influence on the locomotor activity of rats in animal models of anxiety. However, whether competitive status influences anxiety as assessed in these models is unclear, and further investigations are warranted. Aggr. Behav. 28:164–171, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Geographic diversification strategy and the implications of global market integration in table grapes
Authors: Krueger Angela M. , Salin Victoria , Gray Allan W. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe geographic diversification mode for U.S. agribusinesses to establish an international presence is examined, using the example of table grapes. This study extends the analytical work on geographic diversification strategy in a firm‐level application that considers how longer marketing seasons might affect early‐season premium prices. The method draws on market integration tests from the industrial organization literature. The extent of market integration is examined using a probabilistic measure. Then, a simulation of profit incorporates the probability that markets are integrated. Tests on the market for table grapes indicate high probability that markets for domestic grapes and imports from Chile are not integrated (0.81 and 0.91). Long distances and the lack of overlap in production seasons play key roles in this finding. The simulation that makes operational the findings of limited integration suggests that geographic diversification is more profitable and of lower risk than production in California alone. [JEL Classification: Q130, Q170, F140] © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Clonal evolution of blasts in an elderly patient with CD56+ relapsed acute promyelocytic leukemia
Authors: Itoh Shigeki , Sugawara Takeshi , Enomoto Sanae , Ono Yoko , Numaoka Hideharu , Utsugisawa Taiju , Murai Kazunori , Ishida Yoji , Kuriya Shin‐ichiro 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe describe an elderly patient with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), whose leukemic cells expressed CD56 antigen at relapse but not at diagnosis. Chromosome analysis revealed that blasts with t(8;15;17)(q24.1;q22;q11.2) increased from 4 of 20 cells (20%) at first relapse to 10 of 14 cells (71.4%) at second relapse. In addition, the positivity for CD56 expression on blasts judged by flow cytometric analysis using CD45 blast gating was also increased from 14.2% at first relapse to 75% at second relapse. Although conventional chemotherapy was performed for the initial disease and the first relapse, relapse developed again. Therefore, three courses of intensive postremission chemotherapy including concurrent administration of recombinant human granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor (rhG‐CSF) with cytarabine were performed after achievement of complete remission (CR) by the treatment with all‐trans‐retinoic acid (ATRA). Although PML‐RARαmRNA was not detectable by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR), a third relapse occurred. This case demonstrated clonal evolution from a CD56− to a CD56+ blast population and provided further support for the suggestion that CD56 expression might be an unfavorable prognostic factor in t(15;17) APL. Am. J. Hematol. 69:59‐63, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Epstein‐Barr virus‐associated peripheral T‐Cell and NK‐Cell proliferative disease/lymphoma: clinicopathologic, serologic, and molecular analysis
Authors: Mitarnun Winyou , Suwiwat Supaporn , Pradutkanchana Jintana , Saechan Vannarat , Ishida Takafumi , Takao Satomi , Mori Atsumi 
Published: August 2002

AbstractPeripheral T‐cell proliferative disease/lymphoma is a group of diseases which exhibits heterogeneity in clinical manifestations, pathological findings and outcomes. They are highly associated with the Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) infection. It is likely that EBV plays an important role in the tumorigenesis. From January 1997 through April 2000, we identified 100 patients. One hundred healthy age‐ and sex‐ matched controls were selected. Serologic tests for the EBV infection and the study of EBV genomes in circulating non‐T cells (CD3− cells), T cells (CD3+ cells), and T‐cell subsets (CD4+ and CD8+ cells) were performed. The main features were prolonged fever, weight loss, hepatosplenomegaly, lymphadenopathy, multiorgan involvement, anemia, and high serum alkaline phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase. Fifty‐one patients had an aggressive course and died; median survival was 21 months. Chemotherapy was not effective in improving survival. Anti‐viral capsid antigen‐IgG and anti‐early antigen‐IgG were significantly elevated, whereas there was no significant difference in anti‐EBV nuclear antigen. EBV internal repeat‐1 region (IR‐1) in the peripheral blood CD3+ cells was detected in 65% of the patients but in none of the controls. For the CD3− cells, EBV IR‐1 was detected in 88% of the patients and 50% of the controls. Among twenty‐five patients whose CD3+ cells were positive for EBV IR‐1, 6 (24%) showed EBV IR‐1 in only CD4+ cells, 6 (24%) in only CD8+ cells, and 13 (52%) in both CD4+ and CD8+ cells. The 30‐bp deletion variant of the EBV latent membrane protein‐1 gene was significantly higher in the patients than in the controls. These data support the chronic infective process. The EBV which is dormant in non‐T cells may infect T cells and contribute to the pathogenesis of disease in a select group of patients. Am. J. Hematol. 70:31–38, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hypercoagulability states in upper‐extremity deep venous thrombosis
Authors: Leebeek F.W.G. , Stadhouders N.A.M. , van Stein D. , Gómez‐García E.B. , Kappers‐Klunne M.C. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractDeep venous thrombosis of the upper extremity (DVTUE) is a rare thrombotic disorder that may occur spontaneously but is most often related to predisposing factors, such as an indwelling central venous catheter, malignancy, or exercise. The role of coagulation disorders, i.e., a hypercoagulable state in the pathogenesis of DVTUE is not well known. We have evaluated both genetic and acquired thrombophilia parameters in consecutive patients with DVTUE. A hypercoagulable state was found in 32% of the patients. The most frequent coagulation abnormality was the presence of lupus anticoagulant or anticardiolipin antibodies (27%). Factor V Leiden mutation was detected in two patients, antithrombin deficiency in one, and none of the patients had the prothrombin G20210A gene variant or protein C or S deficiency. The prevalence of coagulation abnormalities was not significantly different in a subgroup of patients with spontaneous DVTUE as compared to those with an obvious predisposing factor, such as an indwelling central venous catheter. We conclude that antiphospholipid antibodies are frequently found in patients with DVTUE. Factor V Leiden mutation, prothrombin 20210A gene variant, protein C deficiency, and protein S deficiency do not seem to play a major pathogenetic role in DVTUE. Am. J. Hematol. 67:15–19, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Value of duplex and color doppler ultrasonography in the evaluation of orbital vascular flow and resistance in sickle cell disease
Authors: Aikimbaev Kairgeldy , Guvenc Birol , Canataroglu Abdullah , Canataroglu Hatice , Baslamisli Fikri , Oguz Mahmut 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to assess and to compare the orbital and retinal vascular flow dynamics and resistance in patients with homozygous sickle cell disease with controls by means of duplex and color Doppler ultrasonography. Forty‐six patients with homozygous sickle cell disease (SCD) and 20 healthy subjects were included in the study. None of the patients had objective signs of ocular involvement. Duplex and color Doppler ultrasonography of the ophthalmic, short posterior ciliary, and central retinal arterial flows of the both eyes were performed to assess peak systolic flow velocity (PSFV), end‐diastolic flow velocity (EDFV), and mean flow velocity (MFV) through entire cardiac cycle with further calculation of resistive indices (RI) and pulsatility indices (PI). Ophthalmic arterial flow velocities were significantly increased in patients with SCD than in controls (P < 0.0001). Blood flow velocities of the central retinal artery were found to be significantly reduced (P < 0.0001) while RI and PI values were markedly higher (P < 0.02 and P < 0.03) in patients with SCD compared to controls. Reduction of retinal vascular flow velocities and increase of retinal vascular resistance were significantly related to the mean hemoglobin and hematocrit levels, red blood cell count, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin volume (P < 0.009, P < 0.01, P < 0.02, and P < 0.04, respectively). In conclusion, Doppler ultrasonography in patients with SCD who had no objective signs of ocular involvement allowed detection enhancement of ophthalmic flow velocities, reduced retinal flow velocities, and increased retinal vascular resistance, which are associated with haematological features. Am. J. Hematol. 67:163–167, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Reactivity of autoantibodies of autoimmune hemolytic anemia with recombinant rhesus blood group antigens or anion transporter band3
Authors: Iwamoto Sadahiko , Kamesaki Toyomi , Oyamada Takasi , Okuda Hiroshi , Kumada Maki , Omi Toshinori , Takahashi Junko , Tani Yoshihiko , Omine Mitsuhiro , Kajii Eiji 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe specificity of autoantibodies in autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) has been studied using the serological procedure and immunoprecipitation technique with rare phenotype red cells. We attempted to analyze specificity using recombinant rhesus (Rh) blood group and band3 antigens expressed on erythroleukemic cell lines, KU812E. The autoantibody eluates were isolated by the acid elution procedure from the red cells of 20 AIHA patients. The recombinant Rh antigens, RhD, cE, ce, CE, and chimera antigens CE‐D and D‐CE, were obtained by retroviral cDNA transduction into KU812E cells, and the cell line expressing the antigens was cloned. Band3 cDNA was also obtained and introduced into KU812E and cloned KU812 expressing RhcE. The reactivities of AIHA eluates with recombinant Rh and band3 antigens were studied by flow cytometry. Fifteen eluates reacted with at least one of the RhcE, ce, or CE antigens, and four eluates reacted with RhD. Seven eluates with strong Rh specificity were studied further using chimera antigen. Five eluates showed reduced or lost reactivity, although two eluates reacted identically with the chimera antigens as wild type. These results indicated that conformational epitopes constituted by RhD or CE specific exofacial peptide loops are important for autoantibodies in most cases. Seven eluates reacted with band3, five exclusively. The coexpression study of RhcE and band3 did not enhance the expression of either antigen nor the reactivity with patient eluates, indicating that association of Rh and band3 was not involved in the appearance of autoantigen. Am. J. Hematol. 68:106–114, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Anthropometric characteristics of pregnant women in Cali, Colombia and relationship to birth weight
Authors: Piperata Barbara A. , Dufour Darna L. , Reina Julio C. , Spurr G.B. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAnthropometric dimensions were collected from 46 pregnant women living in Cali, Colombia to gain a better understanding of how poor, urban women deal with the demands of pregnancy and to identify relationships between maternal characteristics and infant birth weight. Height, weight, skinfold thicknesses (subscapular, suprailiac, thigh, calf, and triceps), and circumferences (hip, thigh, calf, and mid‐upper arm) were measured on all women. Infant measurements were weight and length. The women were measured in the second and third trimesters, and a sub‐sample (n = 16) was measured twice in the third trimester. Mean birth weight was 3,137.6 ± 488.5 g (n = 44), and mean length was 49.8 ± 3.0 cm. All but three of the infants were full‐term, and the incidence of low birth weight (LBW) was 9%. The 46 women showed a significant increase in weight (P < 0.001); subscapular, suprailiac, and mid‐thigh skinfold thicknesses (P ≤ 0.01) and in hip, thigh, and calf circumferences (P ≤ 0.01) between trimesters 2 and 3. Women who gave birth to both normal birth weight (NBW) and LBW infants showed significant increases in weight (P < 0.001 and P = 0.02, respectively), but only women who had NBW infants showed significant increases in the suprailiac skinfold and hip circumference (P < 0.001). In the third trimester, attained weight, skinfold thicknesses, and circumferences tended to be greater in women who had NBW infants. In general, this group of women gained less weight and had a greater incidence of LBW infants compared with women in developed countries, but changes in skinfold thicknesses over the course of pregnancy were similar compared with other studies. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 14:29–38, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.