bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Teacher candidates’ reflective teaching and learning in a hospital setting – changing the pattern of practical training: a challenge to growing into teacherhood
Authors: Hyrkäs Kristiina , Tarkka Marja‐Terttu , Paunonen‐Ilmonen Marita 
Published: March 2003

Teacher candidates’ reflective teaching and learning in a hospital setting – changing the pattern of practical training: a challenge to growing into teacherhood Aims of the project. The main goal of the ‘teacher candidates’ reflective teaching and learning’ project was to integrate theories of reflection in education and nursing practice. This was realised through teacher candidates’ practical training in a hospital setting providing them with personal experiences of reflection in different forms and contexts. In this paper one teacher candidate pair’s experiences of developing documentation in one operating theatre are described. Background. The power of reflection is acknowledged in health care education and, on the other hand, also in nursing practice. Reflection, however, is not spontaneous but it requires active contribution. The key persons in this respect seem to be healthcare teachers. The challenges for today are that, for example, the theoretical background of reflection is multi‐fold and that the concept of reflection is popularised in common use. Design of the project. The project (1995–1998) was accomplished in one of the biggest university hospitals in Finland. On the collaborating wards, systematic team supervision was in progress. Teacher candidates planned and implemented in‐service‐training modules for teams based on educational needs raised during team supervision sessions. Findings. The contribution of the project can be assessed as important to health care teacher education, but also to nursing practice. Practical training in a hospital setting enhanced teacher candidates’ ability to work as teachers in a hospital organisation as well as a nursing college/polytechnic by providing them with a new viewpoint. They learned valuable lessons from applying theory, as planning in‐service‐training required continuous reflective discussion with the nursing staff but also theoretical reflection. Improvements in nursing practice were also promoted as staff educational needs were met. Conclusions. Shifting the teacher candidates’ practical training into a hospital setting and emphasising reflection seemed to promote their professional development towards teacherhood and improve nursing practice.
Constructions of sexuality for midlife women living with chronic illness
Authors: Kralik Debbie , Koch Tina , Telford Kerry 
Published: March 2003

Constructions of sexuality for midlife women living with chronic illness Aim. In this paper, we reveal constructions of sexuality that were articulated by women who participated in an inquiry which aimed to understand the experiences of midlife women who live with chronic illness. The aim of this paper is to illuminate sexuality as an important health issue for women living with chronic illness and to offer ways that nurses may acknowledge and facilitate sexuality issues for women. Background. The first author, as part of her doctoral study, corresponded with 81 women living with chronic illness. The participatory inquiry was framed by feminist principles and enabled women to anonymously share their experiences and collaborate in the direction of the research. During the analysis phase of the research, it became evident that illness had altered the way in which women conceptualized sexuality. Design. The three authors performed secondary analysis of the original data set in order to re‐examine the impact that chronic illness had on the sexuality of midlife women who live with chronic illness. Whilst we acknowledge that sexuality has multiple meanings, in this paper we describe the way in which women themselves have constructed and articulated their sexuality. Findings. We found that sexuality incorporated women’s desires, appearance, sexual feelings and expression and imposed on aspects of their lives that they had not needed to acknowledge before illness intruded. Three concerns are discussed; the changing body, meeting the needs of others and communicating sexuality. Conclusions. This paper reveals that issues of sexuality are an important health concern for women who live with long‐term illness and should be acknowledged in sensitive and responsive health practices. The paper concludes that it is important for nurses to provide women opportunity for open and genuine communications about sexuality. In this way, a foundation of acceptance for the whole person is established which provides women permission to ask questions and seek assistance with sexuality issues.
Concept analysis: abuse of ageing caregivers by elderly care recipients
Authors: Ayres Martha M. , Woodtli Anne 
Published: March 2003

Concept analysis: abuse of ageing caregivers by elderly care recipients Purpose. The purpose of this article is to clarify the concept of abuse within the context of ageing women who are at risk for or experiencing physical or emotional injury inflicted by elderly family members for whom they provide care. Background. The study of abuse of ageing individuals in family caregiving situations has traditionally focused on abuse of the dependent care receiver. However, evidence supports the health risks related to abuse of ageing caregivers as well. Women, usually spouses, daughters, or daughters‐in‐law, most frequently assume the caregiver role. Methods. A modification of the strategies for concept analysis proposed by Walker and Avant (1995) is used to clarify the concept of caregiver abuse. Searches of the professional literature reveal that caregiver abuse is rarely addressed; therefore, the broader concept of elder abuse is reviewed and then placed within the general context of family caregiving. Audiotapes of the first session of a community based intervention research study entitled Intervention for the Abuse of Ageing Caregivers (Phillips et al., NIH Grant No. R01 DA‐AG11155‐01, 1996), in which ageing women caregivers described abusive caregiving situations, were analysed qualitatively using the principles of concept analysis. The audiotapes serve as a second source of data for the concept analysis process. Findings. Antecedents, defining characteristics, and consequences of abuse of ageing caregivers were identified through the process of concept analysis. Model, contrary, and borderline cases are presented to illustrate the findings. Conclusions. Findings supported the need for awareness that ageing caregivers can be placed at risk by verbally and physically abusive behaviours of the elders for whom they provide care. Use of the term ‘abuse’ by health care professionals has potentially negative consequences for identification and intervention in cases of potential or actual caregiver abuse.
Hermeneutic notions illuminate cross‐cultural nursing experiences
Authors: Spence Deborah G. 
Published: March 2003

Hermeneutic notions illuminate cross‐cultural nursing experiences Aim of paper. To articulate selected hermeneutic notions for the purpose of extending current understanding of cross‐cultural nursing practice. Background. This paper builds upon the findings of a New Zealand project that explored the experience of nursing people from cultures other than one’s own (Spence 1999). The project asserted that the notions of prejudice, paradox and possibility portray a nursing view of this phenomenon. Argument. The discussion is based on philosophical hermeneutics as interpreted from the works of Gadamer (1996), Taylor (1985a, 1985b, 1995) and Lampert (1997). However the emphasis in this paper, rather than being methodological, is on showing how specific hermeneutic notions contribute to deeper understanding of the nature of cross‐cultural practice. It is argued that contact with, and the capacity to explore, the play of conflicting prejudices and possibilities enhances understanding of the complex and paradoxical nature of cross‐cultural nursing.
Qualified nurses’ smoking prevalence: their reasons for smoking and desire to quit
Authors: McKenna Hugh , Slater Paul , McCance Tanya , Bunting Brendan , Spiers Arlene , McElwee Gerry 
Published: March 2003

Qualified nurses’ smoking prevalence: their reasons for smoking and desire to quit Aim and rationale. The preventable nature of smoking related diseases places a major responsibility for health promotion on all health professionals. This study used a questionnaire to survey qualified nurses in Northern Ireland as to smoking prevalence and their desire to quit the habit. It also explores their knowledge base relating to smoking related diseases and their motivation to act as health promoters with patients who smoke. Methods. A random sample (n=1074) of qualified nurses employed by the Health and Social Services Trusts, private, and voluntary organizations in the province were surveyed. Results. Results show that 25·8% were smokers, 19% were ex‐smokers and 55·2% were nonsmokers. Three quarters expressed a wish to stop within 6‐months. Almost all smokers and half of ex‐smokers had taken up the habit prior to commencing nursing. ‘Addiction’ and ‘enjoyment’ were given as the principle reasons for continued smoking. Health reasons were paramount in smokers’ desire to stop smoking. Conclusions. These findings suggest that smoking prevalence among qualified nurses in no greater than that reported by females in the general Northern Ireland population. Results also indicate that those nurses who smoke were less willing to take on the role of a health promoter with patients who smoke. Implications and recommendations for practice, education and research are explored.
Factors influencing women’s decisions for choice of surgery for Stage I and Stage II breast cancer in Western Australia
Authors: Mastaglia Barbara , Kristjanson Linda J. 
Published: March 2003

Factors influencing women’s decisions for choice of surgery for Stage I and Stage II breast cancer in Western Australia Background. Internal and external factors have been reported to influence decision‐making by women for breast cancer surgery. Aim of the study. The aim of the study was to describe the factors those women with Stage I or Stage II breast cancer, perceived to be important when selecting either modified radical mastectomy or breast conserving treatment. Design/method. A descriptive correlational study was conducted. A consecutive sample of women with a diagnosis of breast cancer during a 6‐month period was selected from the Health Department of Western Australia Cancer Registry. Results. Women who had breast conserving treatment rated the surgeon’s preference as a more important factor in decision‐making than women who had modified radical mastectomy. The lack of difference in long‐term survival between the types of surgery was also a more important influence on decision‐making for the breast conserving treatment group compared with women who had received modified radical mastectomy. Women in rural areas tended to choose modified radical mastectomy rather than breast conserving treatment. The surgeon, family and general practitioner were important sources of information. A significant association was found between women’s involvement in decision‐making and their use of a general practitioner as an information source. Many women wanted the decision about surgery to be entirely their own; the breast conserving treatment group preferred a more active role in decision‐making compared with those who chose modified radical mastectomy. Most women had participated in the decision‐making process as much as they wished, had enough time in which to make their decisions and had received sufficient information. A correlation between adequacy of information and sufficient time for decision‐making was found. Conclusion. Findings may be useful to nurses and other health professionals who endeavour to provide adequate information and support to women during their initial treatment decision‐making experience.
A comparative study of work characteristics and reactions between general and mental health nurses: a multi‐sample analysis
Authors: Tummers Gladys E.R. , Janssen Peter P.M. , Landeweerd Ab , Houkes Inge 
Published: March 2003

A comparative study of work characteristics and reactions between general and mental health nurses: a multi‐sample analysis Aim of the study. The first aim of this study was to examine differences in work characteristics (autonomy, social support and workload) and work reactions (emotional exhaustion and job involvement) between general and mental health nurses. The second aim was to validate whether a specific pattern of relationships between work characteristics and reactions was the same for mental health and general nurses. Background. Nurses are generally being considered as an above risk group regarding work stress. However, health care is a diverse sector and literature suggests important differences regarding the work of different categories of nursing, such as general and mental health nurses. In addition, little empirical evidence exists about these differences. In order to improve their work situation, more insight is needed regarding differences and similarities in the work of general and mental health nurses. The demand‐control‐support (DCS) model was used as a research framework. We hypothesized that autonomy, job involvement, and emotional exhaustion are higher in mental health nursing, whereas social support is expected to be lower. Next, in line with the propositions of this model and several recent studies, we hypothesized that emotional exhaustion is primarily predicted by workload and social support, whereas job involvement is primarily predicted by autonomy. In addition, we investigated whether this pattern of relationships was similar in both groups. Design/methods. Questionnaires were distributed to nurses working in a general and a psychiatric hospital in the Netherlands. We used MANOVA and MSA (by means of LISREL) to analyse the data. Results and conclusions. Regarding the differences in work characteristics and work reactions between mental health and general nurses, our hypotheses were confirmed, except for social support and job involvement. Autonomy and emotional exhaustion were higher among mental health nurses, whereas their job involvement proved to be significantly lower. Emotional exhaustion was primarily predicted by workload and lack of social support. Contrary to our expectations, the relationship between autonomy and job involvement was not significant in both samples. Finally, we found that the proposed pattern of relationships appeared to be invariant across the two samples.
Undergraduate student nurses’ expectations and their self‐reported preparedness for the graduate year role
Authors: Heslop Liza , McIntyre Meredith , Ives Glenice 
Published: March 2003

Undergraduate student nurses’ expectations and their self‐reported preparedness for the graduate year role Aims of the study. The study identifies third‐year nurses’ expectations of the graduate nurse role and ascertains how prepared they feel to fulfil this role. Background. The literature substantiates that the university‐workplace transition is marked by differences between students’ expectations of the graduate year and the realities of practice they encounter in the workforce setting. Nursing professionals and health service employers continue to debate the expectations required of the new nurse graduate. Yet there is little assessment of graduate nurses’ expectations of the workplace. This study describes student nurses’ expectations of the graduate year and the extent to which they regard themselves as well‐ or ill‐prepared. Design. Third‐year student nurses (n=105) from a 3‐year Bachelor of Nursing (BN) course at a large Metropolitan University in Australia were surveyed. A group of nursing academics and their senior colleagues in the clinical setting designed a questionnaire in light of common themes derived from literature on the graduate year role. Responses were examined and analysed using descriptive statistics. Results. Responses revealed that student nurses tended to favour large public hospitals, and sought a good graduate programme with associated opportunities for guidance and support. Most expected to achieve good working relationships with both professional colleagues and patients. Final year students expressed some apprehension about meeting the performance expectations of the workplace, given their self‐perceived lack of clinical experience. Conclusions. When asked about their initial expectations of the workplace, third year student nurses expressed little apprehension and reported high levels on scales of organizational commitment and professionalism. The research literature suggests that divisions exist between students’ expectations of the graduate year and the actual work experience. The expectations of the graduate year described in this study offer a student‐centred perspective that contributes to future planning and policy directions of undergraduate curricula, graduate year programmes and nurse retention.
The relationship between maternal needs and priorities in a neonatal intensive care environment
Authors: Bialoskurski M.M. , Cox C.L. , Wiggins R.D. 
Published: March 2003

The relationship between maternal needs and priorities in a neonatal intensive care environment Aim. The aim of this study was to investigate the nature and organization of maternal needs and priorities in a neonatal unit. Background. The relationship between maternal needs and priorities appears to be an under studied area in neonatal nursing. Methods. A quantitative survey was carried out based on 209 mothers with premature infants. Two self‐assessment schedules were used: critical care maternal needs inventory (J. Leske, Heart and Lung15, 27–42) and a ranking scale. The data were analysed with multivariate analysis. Findings. Data analysis revealed clear priorities in maternal needs. In particular the need for accurate infant related information was a priority for 93% of the mothers. Good communication practices with professionals were also valued. The mothers displayed altruistic behaviour, and self‐related needs took second place. It is proposed that maternal needs demonstrate a hierarchical organization. Conclusion. It is important for nurses to consider the individual needs of the mothers, simply because the satisfaction of these needs is essential for maternal well‐being.
Intravascular administration sets are accurate and in appropriate condition after 7 days of continuous use: an  in vitro study
Authors: Rickard Claire M. , Wallis Steven C. , Courtney Mary , Lipman Jeff , Daley Peter J.P. 
Published: March 2003

Intravascular administration sets are accurate and in appropriate condition after 7 days of continuous use: an

in vitro study Background. The ideal duration of intravascular administration set use is unknown. Studies have compared the infective implications of 1–7 days of use. The Centers for Disease Control recommend at least 3 days usage. No previous study has evaluated the accuracy of volume delivery or integrity of administration sets after prolonged use. Aim. To evaluate the accuracy and condition of intravascular administration sets used continuously for 7 days. Design. Prospective, randomized, experimental study in the laboratory setting. Methods. Four administration sets were randomly assigned to deliver 2 mL/hour (IMED® syringe set 2280–0000), 20, 50 or 100 mL/hour (IMED® infusion sets 2210–0500) of crystalloid solution continuously for 7 days through an IMED® Gemini® four channel infusion pump (PC4). At study commencement and daily for 7 days, a 4‐hour volume measurement and an inspection for leaks/erosion of administration sets occurred for each administration set (total measurements = 32). Results. Mean volume outputs over 4 hours were 7·84 mL (2 mL/hour), 80·66 mL (20 mL/hour), 205·35 (50 mL/hour) and 406·37 (100 mL/hour). These differed significantly from the programmed volumes (P=0·00–0·01). Usage duration did not influence performance (F=0·866, P=0·55). Accuracy of volume delivery differed significantly with pump speed (F=106·933, P < 0·001) exhibiting increased volume to 50 mL/hour then a reduction at 100 mL/hour. Differences were within manufacturer specifications (±5%) and were clinically acceptable. All administration sets remained in appropriate condition displaying no leakage or erosion. Conclusion. There were small inaccuracies found between programmed and delivered volumes, however, there was no deterioration in performance over time. This suggests that inaccuracies were because of normal pump performance rather than the administration sets. Administration sets retain acceptable accuracy and condition after 7 days continuous use. Further research should assess the infective and other impacts of prolonged usage.
Using chaos theory: the implications for nursing
Authors: Haigh Carol 
Published: March 2003

Using chaos theory: the implications for nursing Aims of the paper. The purpose of this paper is to review chaos theory and to examine the role that it may have in the discipline of nursing. Background. In this paper, the fundamental ingredients of chaotic thinking are outlined. The earlier days of chaos thinking were characterized by an almost exclusively physiological focus. By the 21st century, nurse theorists were applying its principles to the organization and evaluation of care delivery with varying levels of success. Whilst the biological use of chaos has focused on pragmatic approaches to knowledge enhancement, nursing has often focused on the mystical aspects of chaos as a concept. Conclusions. The contention that chaos theory has yet to find a niche within nursing theory and practice is examined. The application of chaotic thinking across nursing practice, nursing research and statistical modelling is reviewed. The use of chaos theory as a way of identifying the attractor state of specific systems is considered and the suggestion is made that it is within statistical modelling of services that chaos theory is most effective.
Measurement of outpatients' views of service quality in a Finnish university hospital
Authors: Hiidenhovi Hannele , Nojonen Kaija , Laippala Pekka 
Published: March 2003

Measurement of outpatients' views of service quality in a Finnish university hospital Aims of the study. To describe the development of service quality in the surgical and medical outpatient departments of a university hospital. Rationale. Measurement and documentation of service quality and the use of these data as a basis for improvement are prerequisites for service improvement. Methods. A survey conducted over a 3‐week period using a 12‐item questionnaire measuring service quality on a rating scale from 4 to 10 (extremely poor – excellent quality). Nineteen outpatient departments participated at a Finnish university hospital, 7679 voluntary patients visiting the outpatient departments between 1997 and 1999 completed the questionnaires. Results. The questionnaire, which has not been described in use previously, proved to be a good tool enabling systematic access to patient feedback on service quality in outpatient departments. The instrument allowed the detection of strengths of the service provided by a large organization and long‐term trends from patients' perspective. Patient evaluations were mainly good and the results improved year by year, although the instrument was built on questions concerning issues that were rated poorest by patients. The poorest ratings were related to access to information and adherence to appointment times. Conclusions. The service quality instrument offers a means to generate information to be used for service quality improvement in outpatient departments.