bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On Surrealism and Architecture (With Some Stylistic Apologies to André Breton)
Authors: Goodbun John , Cunningham David 
Published: July 2005

AbstractIn one of the rare pieces in this issue to address the turn, or, rather, clash of architectural events of the latter part of the decade, Jon Goodbun and David Cunningham mark the occasion with a tribute to the 1978 issue of AD entitled ‘Architecture & Surrealism’, which highlights that whatever the dominant dogma at the time, thankfully there is always more than one way to view a collage and cacophony of thought and material. First, though, take a position. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sustaining Technology
Authors: Webb Robert 
Published: July 2005

AbstractTo attempt to capture the extent of the engagement in environmental and ecological issues by architects during the early 1970s as viewed through the pages of AD is an issue in itself. The editorial policy of the magazine at that time was such that it actively commissioned articles and global surveys that would inform the profession of the environmental impact of construction long before ‘sustainability’ became a convenient buzz word. Robert Webb is one of a new generation of environmental engineers who acknowledges a debt to those who helped to define the terms we use so readily today. He sees how architects fell off the environmental wagon during the middle of the 1970s and are only now beginning to climb back on, but wonders how much understanding of our planet has been lost in the interim. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Active Narratives
Authors: Brayer Marie‐Ange 
Published: July 2005

AbstractThe archive at the Fonds Régional d'Art Contemporain du Centre (frac Centre), Orléans, France, houses an outstanding collection of experimental architectural models and drawings from the 1950s, 1960s and 1970s. Marie‐Ange Brayer has worked closely with the archive for many years and is now its director. Here, she draws out some examples from the collection to describe how the emergence of ‘narrative’ in 1960s and 1970s Europe, and then in the us, transformed the architectural project from the singular representation of form into a multidimensional shared script for action. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Thinkorama
Authors: Clayfield Marion , Smith Maggie , Doherty Gary , Marguc Petra , Doherty Gary , Bunschoten Raoul , Reed Annalise , Fox Michael , Watson Victoria , Teatum Tom , noodleJam  , Wilson David , Inamura Miki , Lawrence David , Whitaker Amy 
Published: July 2005

AbstractThinkorama is a special section devised for this issue dedicated to ideas, thinking about ideas, writing about and making ideas. Full credit for the title must go to champion and first lady of architectural ideas, director of the Canadian Centre for Architecture, Phyllis Lambert, who coined the phrase on the eve of a presentation of Cedric Price's ‘Potteries Thinkbelt’ in November 2003 at the University of Westminster. The event, called ‘SuperCrit’, was endorsed by Price, but his untimely death in the summer of that year prevented him from presenting the project himself. It was therefore handed to a group of friends and associates to argue the profundity of this great architectural work‐on‐paper. As for now … Price would have us remember, it is up to all to keep on thinking. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bevk Perovic arhitekti
Authors: Croci Valentina 
Published: July 2005

AbstractAn exciting new crop of young Slovenian architects is coming out of Ljubljana. Valentina Croci explores the work of Bevk Perovic arhitekti, a practice whose finely honed hybrid approach owes as much to the contextualism of the great Ljubljanan master Joze Plecnik, as Vasa Perovic's exposure to contemporary Dutch architectural thought and design at the Berlage Institute in Amsterdam. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Soho Court, London
Authors: Stewart Bruce 
Published: July 2005

AbstractBruce Stewart describes how a patient and ever‐persistent approach to planning have paid off for Archer Architects, the designers of a mixed‐use housing scheme in the centre of London's Soho. The designers/ considered response to ‘community benefit’ and the existing urban fabric have enabled them to overcome the stalemate on a site that has suffered from ‘planners' blight’ since the 1970s. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Blurring the Lines Case Studies of Current CAD/CAM Techniques ‐ BIX
Authors: Chaszar André 
Published: July 2005

AbstractThe design of buildings is usually regarded as taking place before – or at latest during – their construction, yet arguably they continue to evolve via passive or active processes throughout their lifetimes, affected as they are by everything from the weather to occupant‐induced modifications to responses by environmental control systems. Another, more overt kind of change is observable at the recently built Kunsthaus in Graz, Austria, where the bix installation transforms the building's primary facade in accordance with programming by invited artists. This animated field of light fixtures both literally embodies an example of ‘performative’ architecture and foreshadows a whole range of potentially creative effects achievable through in‐service alterations of a building's state, as posited by André Chaszar in this fifth instalment of AD's ‘Blurring the Lines’ series of CAD/CAM case studies. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Philip Webb: Pioneer of Arts & Crafts Architecture
Authors: Kirk Sheila 
Published: July 2005

AbstractArts and Crafts architecture has reached an important turning point in its reassessment. The ‘International Arts and Crafts’ exhibition opens at the V&A in London from 17 March to 24 July 2005 (before travelling on to the Indianapolis Museum of Art in autumn this year, and the de Young Museum in San Francisco in spring 2006). Coinciding with this is Wiley‐Academy's publication of the first definitive monograph of leading Arts and Crafts architect Philip Webb (1831–1915). This long‐awaited book, by architectural historian Sheila Kirk, includes specially commissioned photography by Martin Charles. Interweaving biography with evocative descriptions of all of Webb's seminal buildings, Kirk perceptively breathes life into one of the quietest members of William Morris's circle, and provides a new understanding of the buildings of a man who offered strong principles and firm guidelines yet at the same time allowing ample freedom of design. Here, she describes the relevance of Webb's national vernacular approach for architecture today. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Composition of Sodium Cholate Micellar Solutions
Authors: Bottari Emilio , Buonfigli Alessio , Festa Maria Rosa 
Published: July 2005

AbstractTo study the composition of sodium cholate solutions, an investigation was carried out at 25 °C and in N(CH3)4Cl, as a constant ionic medium, at three different concentrations (W = 0.100; 0.500 and 0.800 mol dm‐3). Electromotive force measurements of three different galvanic cells, the first involving a glass electrode for hydrogen ions, the second an electrode for sodium ions and the third a lead amalgam electrode, were performed. Independently, lead (II) cholate solubility measurements in the presence of sodium ions were performed, as well. The experimental results obtained from both approaches were explained by assuming the formation of aggregates in cholate and sodium of different composition depending on W and on the cholate concentration. The maximum aggregation found number for cholate was 24 and even aggregation numbers were markedly predominant. Only two species with odd aggregation number were found, but at a low percentage. The assumed species and the relative constants were compared with those found for the other sodium salt of cholanic acids.
Chemical Vapor Generation of Cu: Optimization of Generation Media
Authors: Xu Shukun , Sturgeon Ralph E. , Guo Yan , Zhang Weimin , Zhao Hongfeng 
Published: July 2005

AbstractAcetic acid was used to enhance the efficiency of chemical vapor generation (CVG) of copper. The volatile product was formed at room temperature following merging of the sample solution with a flowing stream of 0.1 % NaBH4; ICP‐OES was used for detection. A precision of 1.6 % RSD (n=11, 0.2 mg/L) was realized at sampling frequencies of about 90/h. A detection limit of 0.4 ng/mL (3σ) was obtained. Sensitivity was enhanced approximately 8‐fold over conventional pneumatic nebulization sample introduction. Compared with CVG in an optimized HCl or HNO3 medium, sensitivity was increased by an order of magnitude using acetic acid and the reductant concentration was reduced to only 10 % of that required with HCl or HNO3. The generation efficiency was estimated to be 18 % or 70 %, depending on the method used to evaluate it. The methodology was successfully used to the determine copper in human hair and low alloy steel certified reference materials.
Ratios between Content of Fatty Acids as Markers for Mixture of Cow and Goat Milk
Authors: Antonilli Marco , Bottari Emilio , Festa Maria Rosa 
Published: July 2005

AbstractThe fat of mixture of goat and cow milk, extracted by di‐ethylic ether, was gas chromatographically analysed in order to propose an analytical procedure suitable to reveal small additions of cow milk to goat milk. The obtained results show evident differences in the percentages of some fatty acids. An attempt to apply the peak area ratios, corresponding to the methyl esters of fatty acids, suggested by the literature for cow milk did not yield good results. Other ratios suitable to reveal even the presence of low percentages (up to 5 %) of cow milk in goat milk were found and proposed in this paper. Such ratios are sensitive and can be defined markers towards cow or goat milk and also towards extraneous fat like lard or colza seeds oil.
Bioremediation of Toluene and Naphthalene: development and Validation of a GC‐FID Method for Their Monitoring
Authors: Bianchi Federica , Careri Maria , Mustat Lara , Malcevschi Alessio , Musci Marilena 
Published: July 2005

AbstractBioremediation of toluene and naphthalene in liquid cultures of bacteria grown in the presence of these aromatic compounds as unique sources of carbon was investigated by gas chromatography (GC). For this purpose, a method based on the use of GC with flame ionization detection was developed and validated. Validation was carried out in terms of limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantitation (LOQ), linearity, precision and trueness. In the case of naphthalene, LOD and LOQ values of 0.43 and 0.72 mg kg‐1 were achieved. Linearity was established over one order of magnitude in the range of interest, i.e. 10‐100 mg kg‐1. Excellent precision was obtained both in terms of intra‐day repeatability and between‐day precision on two concentration levels (RSD % lower than 0.5 %). A recovery of 97.9 ± 0.2 % (n=3) was calculated by addition of 640 mg kg‐1 of naphthalene to the Bushnell & Haas mineral salts basal solution containing the micro‐organisms. Findings clearly showed a reduction of the naphthalene content equal to 50 % and 75 % after two and four weeks of contact with the micro‐organisms, whereas a lower degradation was shown in the case of toluene. Finally bioremediation activity was ascribed to two different microbial populations, Bordetella Petrii and Bacillus Sphericus, which survived in the polluted medium.
Stratigraphic and Geochemical Study of Clastic Sediments of the Grotte di Stiffe Karstic System
Authors: Ruggieri Fabrizio , Mazzeo Pietro 
Published: July 2005

AbstractThe present work reports the results of a geochemical and stratigraphic study carried out on clastic sediments from the karstic system of the Grotte di Stiffe in Abruzzo. In order to describe in more significant manner the system from which the sediments have been taken, the rocks from which they derive and ground samples from the plateau immediately above the caves have also been examined. Stratigraphic and chemical studies, with particular regard to the presence of heavy metals, have been performed on some 50 cm of drawn sediment, utilising atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The data obtained in this way have been subjected to Principal Components Analysis in order to investigate possible correlations.
The Second Acidic Constant of Salicylic Acid
Authors: Porto Raffaella , de Tommaso Gaetano , Furia Emilia 
Published: July 2005

AbstractThe second dissociation constant of salicylic acid (H2L) has been determined, at 25 °C, in NaCl ionic media by UV spectrophotometric measurements. The investigated ionic strength values were 0.16, 0.25, 0.50, 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0 M. The protolysis constants calculated at the different ionic strengths yielded, with the Specific Interaction Theory, the infinite dilution constant, log β1° = 13.62 ± 0.03 , for the equilibrium L2‐ + H+ ⇌ HL−. The interaction coefficient between Na+ and L2‐, b(Na+, L2‐) = 0.02 ± 0.07, has been also calculated.
Study of Thermal Behavior of Vitamin D3 by Pyrolysis ‐ GC ‐ MS in Combination with Boiling Point ‐ Retention Time Correlation
Authors: Sun Yu'an , Liu Baoxia , Wang Guoqing , Zhang Rongjie , Xie Bing 
Published: July 2005

AbstractThe thermal behavior of vitamin D3 was studied based on pyrolysis‐GC‐MS technique. It was pyrolyzed at 600 °C, 750 °C, 900 °C, respectively. The pyrolysis product were separated With an HP‐5 column and identified by the NIST mass spectral search program in combination with the correlation of boiling point and retention time (BP‐RT). There are totally 50 components, including mono aromatics and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), were determined. It is shown that the contents of the PAHs are increasing with the increasing of the pyrolysis temperature. The contents of the determined components vary from 0.04 % to 37.08 %.
113Cd NMR and Fluorescence Studies of Multiple Binding Mechanisms of Cd(II) by the Suwannee River Fulvic Acid
Authors: Grassi Maria , Daquino Vittorio 
Published: July 2005

AbstractThe binding of Cd (II) by the fulvic acid from a Suwannee River (FA) was investigated at various pH values and reactants ratios by 113Cd NMR and fluorescence spectroscopy. The NMR results provided evidences that the FA‐Cd interactions occur through a variety of binding modes and mechanisms. Different kinds of organically bound Cd‐species were detected in the 1.8‐10.8 pH range depending on the FA/Cd ratios. Labile complexes (amenable to Cd‐aminoacidic and Cd‐hydroxy interactions or outer‐sphere complexes) were observed at low pH and FA/Cd levels while stronger interactions (of carboxylate‐type or inner‐sphere complexation) took place as the pH and/or the FA concentration were increased. At pH ca. 6 insoluble FA‐Cd adducts were primarily produced but, at relatively large FA concentration, only soluble complexes, stable in the whole pH 1.8‐10.8 range, were formed. A complementary analysis, by fluorescence spectroscopy, provided clear evidences of FA‐Cd association/aggregation phenomena. While no noticeable effects occurred with soluble samples, the formation of insoluble adducts led to significant enhancements of the emission fluorescence spectra. Although other explanations could not be excluded, this result was accounted for by modifications of the optical properties of the ligand itself due to sedimentation of the heavier components. Fluorescence enhancement was also observed on samples before the effective precipitation and interpreted as spectroscopic evidence of the onset of aggregation phenomena.
Electrocatalytical Oxidation of Hydroquinone with Ferrocene Covalently Bound to L‐Cysteine Self‐Assembled Monolayers on a Gold Electrode
Authors: Kan Xian‐wen , Deng Xiang‐hui , Zhang Wen‐zhi , Wang Guang‐Feng , Li Mao‐guo , Tao Hai‐sheng , Fang Bin 
Published: July 2005

AbstractThe preparation of a gold electrode modified by ferrocenecarboxylic acid (FcA) covalently bound to L‐cysteine self‐assembled monolayer (FcA‐SAM) is described. The modified electrode shows an excellent electrocatalytic activity for the oxidation of hydroquinone (QH2) and accelerates the electron transfer rate. The anodic overpotential is reduced by ca. 290 mV compared to those obtained at bare gold electrodes. The charge transfer coefficient and the apparent surface electron transfer rate constant for the redox couple of Q/QH2 at the modified electrode are found to be 0.425 and 0.96 s‐1, respectively. The catalytic current response of DPV increases linearly with the QH2 concentration from 5.7×10‐7 to 3.2×10‐4 M. The estimation of QH2 in a simulative sample is satisfactory. The method is simple, quick, and sensitive.
Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome
Authors: Weksberg Rosanna , Shuman Cheryl , Smith Adam C. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractBeckwith–Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) is a clinically heterogeneous overgrowth syndrome associated with an increased risk for embryonal tumor development. BWS provides an ideal model system to study epigenetic mechanisms. This condition is caused by a variety of genetic or epigenetic alterations within two domains of imprinted growth regulatory genes on human chromosome 11p15. Molecular studies of BWS have provided important data with respect to epigenotype/genotype–phenotype correlations; for example, alterations of Domain 1 are associated with the highest risk for tumor development, specifically Wilms' tumor. Further, the elucidation of the molecular basis for monozygotic twinning in BWS defined a critical period for imprint maintenance during pre‐implantation embryonic development. In the future, such molecular studies in BWS will permit enhanced medical management and targeted genetic counseling. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Clinical and molecular overlap in overgrowth syndromes
Authors: Baujat Geneviève , Rio Marlène , Rossignol Sylvie , Sanlaville Damien , Lyonnet Stanislas , Merrer Martine Le , Munnich Arnold , Gicquel Christine , Colleaux Laurence , Cormier‐Daire Valérie 
Published: July 2005

AbstractHere, we report the clinical and molecular analysis of 75 patients with overgrowth and mental retardation, including 45 previously reported cases [Rio et al., 2003; Baujat et al., 2004]. Two groups are distinguished: group I corresponding to patients with recognizable overgrowth syndromes (Sotos syndrome (SS), Weaver syndrome (WS), Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome, Simpson–Golabi–Behmel syndrome (SGBS), and del(22)(qter) syndrome) (60 cases) and group II corresponding to unclassified cases (15 patients). We investigated NSD1 and GPC3 deletions or mutations, 11p15 abnormalities, and 22qter deletions. Surprisingly, in Group I, two SS patients had 11p15 abnormalities and two patients with Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome had NSD1 aberrations. In group II, two cases of del(22)(qter) were identified but neither NSD1, 11p15, nor GPC3 abnormalities were detected. These results emphasize the clinical and molecular overlap in overgrowth conditions. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
NSD1 mutations in Sotos syndrome
Authors: Faravelli Francesca 
Published: July 2005

AbstractSotos syndrome is a genetic disorder characterized by a typical facial appearance, macrocephaly, accelerated growth, developmental delay, and a variable range of associated abnormalities. The NSD1 gene was recently found to be responsible for Sotos syndrome, and more than 150 patients with NSD1 alterations have been identified. A significant ethnic difference is found in the prevalence of different types of mutation, with a high percentage of microdeletions identified in Japanese Sotos syndrome patients and with intragenic mutations in most non‐Japense patients. NSD1 aberrations are rather specific for Sotos syndrome, but have also been detected in patients lacking one or more major criteria of the disorder, namely overgrowth, macrocephaly, and advanced bone age. Thus, new diagnostic criteria should be considered. Studies have reported different frequencies of mutations versus non‐mutations in Sotos syndrome, thus indicating allelic or locus hetereogeneity. Although some authors have suggested genotype/phenotype correlations, further studies are needed. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Proteus syndrome: An update
Authors: Cohen M. Michael 
Published: July 2005

AbstractProteus syndrome is a complex disorder consisting variably of disproportionate, asymmetric overgrowth of body parts; cerebriform connective tissue nevi; epidermal nevi; vascular malformations of the capillary, venous, and lymphatic types; and dysregulated adipose tissue. Serious complications may ensue, such as pulmonary embolism, cystic lung disease, and various neoplasms. Somatic mosaicism, lethal in the nonmosaic state, is the best working hypothesis. Although Proteus syndrome data are consistent with this hypothesis, it has not been proven. The etiology is unknown to date. Diagnostic criteria are emphasized because misdiagnosis of Proteus syndrome is common. Finally, evaluation and management are discussed. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Tumor predisposition in Costello syndrome
Authors: Gripp Karen W. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractCostello syndrome (CS) is a rare congenital anomaly syndrome. Although it may be classified as an “overgrowth” syndrome due to slightly increased birth weight and relative macrocephaly, it is characterized by severe postnatal failure to thrive and short stature. Patients with CS have an increased risk for malignant tumors, a hallmark of several model overgrowth syndromes. The most common tumor in CS is rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS), followed by neuroblastoma and bladder carcinoma. The occurrence of bladder carcinoma in adolescents is distinctly unusual as this is typically a neoplasm of older adults and is not seen with increased frequency in other tumor predisposition syndromes. The increased tumor frequency in CS led to the proposal of a screening protocol, consisting of abdominal and pelvic ultrasounds, and urine studies for catecholamine metabolites and hematuria. It has since become apparent that patients with CS have an increased excretion of catecholamine metabolites in urine without the presence of an identifiable catecholamine secreting tumor. Thus, the urine assay for catecholamines is unhelpful as a screening test for neuroblastoma and should not be used in this population. The benefit of abdominal and pelvic ultrasound and urinalysis for hematuria as screening tests remains to be shown. A timely diagnosis of CS is a necessary prerequisite for awareness of the increased tumor risk. Once a malignancy has been identified, treatment should follow standard protocols. Additional medical problems characteristic for CS, such as hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and arrhythmia, need to be considered and addressed appropriately. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Predictors of outcome in perinatal arterial stroke: A population‐based study
Authors: Lee Janet , Croen Lisa A. , Lindan Camilla , Nash Kendall B. , Yoshida Cathleen K. , Ferriero Donna M. , Barkovich A. J. , Wu Yvonne W. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractSome infants with perinatal arterial ischemic stroke (PAS) experience development of cerebral palsy (CP), epilepsy, and cognitive impairment, whereas others have a normal outcome. Previous prognostic studies rarely have included all diagnosed cases of PAS within a population. Among 199,176 infants born within Kaiser Permanente from 1997 to 2002, we electronically identified head imaging reports and physician diagnoses suggesting stroke. The diagnosis of PAS was confirmed by review of brain imaging and medical records. Presentation of PAS was considered delayed if symptoms were only noted after 28 days. Outcomes were determined by chart review. Of 40 infants with PAS, 36 were observed over 12 months. Abnormal outcomes included CP (58%), epilepsy (39%), language delay (25%), and behavioral abnormalities (22%). A delayed presentation was associated with increased risk for CP (relative risk [RR], 2.2; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.2–4.2). Radiological predictors of CP included large stroke size (RR, 2.0; 95% CI, 1.2–3.2) and injury to Broca's area (RR, 2.5; 95% CI, 1.3–5.0), internal capsule (RR, 2.2; 95% CI, 1.1–4.4), Wernicke's area (RR, 2.0; 95% CI, 1.1–3.8), or basal ganglia (RR, 1.9; 95% CI, 1.1–3.3). Among infants with PAS, specific radiological findings and a lack of symptoms in the newborn period are associated with increased risk for CP. Ann Neurol 2005