bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antifungal activity of Ocimum gratissimum towards dermatophytes
Authors: Silva M. R. R. , Oliveira J. G. , Fernandes O. F. L. , Passos X. S. , Costa C. R. , Souza L. K. H. , Lemos J. A. , Paula J. R. 
Published: April 2005

SummaryThe development of more effective and less toxic antifungal agents is required for the treatment of dermatophytosis. Plants and their preparations have been used as medicines against infectious diseases. Extracts of Ocimum gratissimum leaves were investigated for in vitro antifungal activity, using agar dilution technique against dermatophytes. The extracts (hexane, chloroform fractions, the essential oil and eugenol) produced antifungal activities against Microsporum canis, M. gypseum, Trichophyton rubrum and T. mentagrophytes. Trichophyton rubrum, the most common aetiological agent of dermatophytosis in Goiânia, state of Goiás, Brazil, was also the most susceptible dermatophyte. The hexane fraction and eugenol were the most active. Hexane fraction inhibited the growth of 100% of dermatophytes at a concentration of 125 μg ml−1, while eugenol inhibited the growth of 80% of dermatophytes at this same concentration. These results show that extracts of O. gratissimum are active in vitro against human pathogenic dermatophytes.
Comparison of in vitro activities of antifungal drugs and ethanolic extract of propolis against Trichophyton rubrum and T. mentagrophytes by using a microdilution assay
Authors: Koc A. N. , Silici S. , Ayangil D. , Ferahbaş A. , Çankaya S. 
Published: April 2005

SummaryThe in vitro activities of propolis against 29 strains of dermatophytes were compared with those of terbinafine, itraconazole, ketoconazole, and fluconazole. Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined according to a National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards broth microdilution method. Among the systemic antifungals tested, terbinafine was the most potent. Propolis showed important antifungal activity and it merits further investigation as a potentially useful agent for the treatment of dermatophytosis.
Cutaneous leishmaniasis in Afghani refugees
Authors: Storer Emma , Wayte Jeffrey 
Published: April 2005

SUMMARYFour Afghani refugees with cutaneous leishmaniasis presented to the dermatology clinic at the Women's and Children's Hospital in Adelaide. Three of the patients had biopsy‐proven cutaneous leishmaniasis that was treated initially with topical and then oral ketoconazole, without success. Intralesional sodium stibogluconate was then used for these patients with good results. The fourth patient had several plaques of biopsy‐proven cutaneous leishmaniasis, for which cryotherapy was used. This was quite efficacious; however, a small area of recurrence required re‐treatment. Leishmaniasis is rarely seen in Australia, but an index of suspicion is warranted when treating persons with typical clinical features who are from endemic regions.
Rhinophyma treated with kilovoltage photons
Authors: Skala Marketa , Delaney Geoffrey , Towell Vincent , Vladica Nevin 
Published: April 2005

SUMMARYA 72‐year‐old retired truck driver presented with a 10‐year history of rhinophyma and was successfully treated with 90‐kV photons to a total dose of 40 Gy in 20 daily fractions. A brief discussion of radiotherapy in the treatment of rhinophyma follows.
Occupational allergic contact dermatitis to bisphenol F epoxy resin
Authors: Sakata Shinichiro , Cahill Jennifer , Barton David , Nixon Rosemary 
Published: April 2005

SUMMARYA 30‐year‐old man presented with eyelid dermatitis and was diagnosed with occupational allergic contact dermatitis to an epoxy resin based on the monomer diglycidyl  ether  of  bisphenol  F.  He  did  not  react  to the standard epoxy resin based on bisphenol A, but reacted to a diluted sample of epoxy resin taken from his workplace, an adhesives manufacturing plant. The diagnosis would not have been made had he not brought samples from work, which were patch tested after appropriate dilution. The material safety data sheet provided additional evidence that the epoxy was not based on bisphenol A. The patient's symptoms subsided after avoidance of the identified product.
Sulfasalazine and dermatitis herpetiformis
Authors: Willsteed Elizabeth , Lee Michael , Wong Li Chuen , Cooper Alan 
Published: April 2005

SUMMARYDermatitis herpetiformis that is unable to be controlled using dapsone and a gluten‐free diet presents a therapeutic challenge. Three cases that responded well to sulfasalazine are presented. Two cases, who were unable to tolerate dapsone, had a rapid response to sulfasalazine, without apparent side‐effects. The third case with dapsone‐responsive blistering dermatoses, presumed to be dermatitis herpetiformis on the basis of serology, showed an excellent clinical response to sulfasalazine, but after 6 weeks of therapy had to cease it because of side‐effects. Sulfasalazine is metabolized variably to sulfapyridine, a sulphonamide known to be an effective therapy for dermatitis herpetiformis but no longer available. Sulfasalazine should be considered as a management option for dermatitis herpetiformis.
Gianotti–Crosti syndrome in an adult following recent Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection
Authors: Manoharan Shobhan , Muir James , Williamson Richard 
Published: April 2005

SUMMARYA 44‐year‐old insulin‐dependant diabetic woman presented with a pruritic papular eruption involving her hands, forearms and elbows. One week prior to the eruption, the patient had an upper respiratory tract infection and had taken oral ibuprofen 400 mg q.i.d. p.r.n. Skin biopsy revealed histological features consistent with Gianotti–Crosti syndrome. Serology was consistent with recent Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection and past Epstein–Barr viral infection. Her liver function tests were deranged and serum protein electrophoresis showed two sharp discrete monoclonal immunoglobulin bands. The eruption resolved completely 15 days after onset. Her serum protein studies and liver function tests subsequently normalized and she had no recurrences of her cutaneous eruption. It was concluded that the patient had Gianotti–Crosti syndrome associated with Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection.
Recurrent herpes simplex virus type 2 infection of the hand complicated by persistent lymphoedema
Authors: Fletcher Penelope Gail , Sterling Jane Carolyn 
Published: April 2005

SUMMARYA 33‐year‐old, immunocompetent woman had recurrent herpes simplex virus reactivation of the right hand presenting with a cellulitis‐like picture. She continued to have monthly debilitating recrudescences for more than 3 years until an adequate dosage of prophylactic antiviral therapy was achieved. After 2 years of repeated episodes she had chronic dull pain and developed persistent acquired lymphoedema of the left hand and forearm, which is an extremely rare complication. This case highlights the need for herpes simplex infection of the hand to be included in the differential diagnosis of bacterial cellulitis in order for appropriate and prompt therapy to be achieved.
A vector of high‐temperature paleo‐fluid flow deduced from mass transfer across permeability barriers (quartz veins)
Authors: DIPPLE G.M. , BONS P. , OLIVER N.H.S. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractQuartz veins acted as impermeable barriers to regional fluid flow and not as fluid‐flow conduits in Mesoproterozoic rocks of the Mt Painter Block, South Australia. Systematically distributed asymmetric alteration selvedges consisting of a muscovite‐rich zone paired with a biotite‐rich zone are centered on quartz veins in quartz–muscovite–biotite schist. Geometric analysis of the orientation and facing of 126 veins at Nooldoonooldoona Waterhole reveals a single direction along which a maximum of all veins have a muscovite‐rich side, irrespective of their specific individual orientation. This direction represents a Mesoproterozoic fluid‐flow vector and the veins represent permeability barriers to the flow. The pale muscovite‐rich zones formed on the downstream side of the vein and the dark biotite‐rich zones mark the upstream side. The alteration couplets formed from mica schist at constant Zr, Ga, Sc, and involved increases in Si, Na, Al and decreases in K, Fe, Mg for pale alteration zones, and inverse alteration within dark zones. The asymmetry of the alteration couplets is best explained by the pressure dependence of mineral–fluid equilibria. These equilibria, in combination with a Darcian flow model for coupled advection and diffusion, and with permeability barriers imposed by the quartz veins, simulate the pattern of both fluid flow and differential, asymmetric metasomatism. The determined vector of fluid flow lies along the regional foliation and is consistent with the known distribution of regional alteration products. The presence of asymmetric alteration zones in rock containing abundant pre‐alteration veins suggests that vein‐rich material may have generally retarded regional fluid flow.
Barite–pyrite mineralization of the Wiesbaden thermal spring system, Germany: a 500‐kyr record of geochemical evolution
Authors: WAGNER T. , KIRNBAUER T. , BOYCE A. J. , FALLICK A. E. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractBarite–(pyrite) mineralizations from the thermal springs of Wiesbaden, Rhenish Massif, Germany, have been studied to place constraints on the geochemical evolution of the hydrothermal system in space and time. The thermal springs, characterized by high total dissolved solids (TDS) contents and predominance of NaCl, ascend from aquifers at 3–4 km depth and discharge at a temperature of 65–70°C. The barite–(pyrite) mineralization is found in upflow and discharge zones of the present‐day thermal springs as well as at elevations up to 50 m above the current water table. Hence, this mineralization style constitutes a continuous record of the hydrothermal activity, linking the past evolution with the present state of this geothermal system. The sulphur isotope signatures of the mineralization indicate a continuous decrease of the δ34S of sulphate from +16.9‰ in the oldest barite to +10.1‰ in the present‐day thermal water. The δ34S values of barite closely resemble various recently active thermal springs along the southern margin of the Rhenish Massif and contrast strongly with different regional ground and mineral waters. The mineralogical and isotopic signatures, combined with calculations based on uplift rates and the regional geological history, indicate a minimum activity of the thermal spring system at Wiesbaden of about 500 000 years. This timeframe is considerably larger than conservative models, which estimate the duration of thermal spring systems in continental intraplate settings to last for several 10 000 years. The calculated equilibrium sulphur isotope temperatures of coexisting barite and pyrite range between 65 and 80°C, close to the discharge temperature of the springs, which would indicate apparent equilibrium precipitation. Kinetic modelling of the re‐equilibration of the sulphate–sulphide pair during water ascent shows that this process would require 220 Myr. Therefore, we conclude that pyrite is formed from precursor Fe monosulphide phases, which rapidly precipitate in the near‐surface environment, preserving the isotope fractionation between dissolved sulphate and sulphide established in the deep aquifer. Equilibrium modelling of water–mineral reactions shows slight supersaturation of barite at the discharge temperature. Pyrite is already strongly supersaturated at the temperatures estimated for the aquifer (110°C) and processes in the near‐surface environment are most probably related to contact of the thermal water with atmospheric oxygen, resulting in formation of oxidized intermediate sulphur species and precipitation of Fe monosulphide phases, which subsequently recrystallize to pyrite.
Isolation and characterization of Lactobacillus strains involved in koumiss fermentation
Authors: DANOVA SVETLA , PETROV KALOYAN , PAVLOV PLAMEN , PETROVA PENKA 
Published: April 2005

Koumiss is a slightly alcoholic fermented milk beverage, originally obtained by using natural mix starters (lactic acid bacteria and yeast). Seven Lactobacillus strains from lyophilized koumiss were isolated and identified as L. salivarius, L. buchneri and L. plantarum. The process of lactic acid fermentation caused by koumiss strains was faster (9–13 h) than that with other lactobacilli. The conversion ratio of glucose to lactic acid ranged from 47% to 79% and was strain dependent. All strains were resistant to low pH. Three of the strains isolated were viable during prolonged cold storage in fermented milk (3 weeks at 4°C).
Inhibition of neuronal apoptosis by the cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitor GW8510: Identification of 3′ substituted indolones as a scaffold for the development of neuroprotective drugs
Authors: Johnson Kyle , Liu Li , Majd Nazanin K , Chavez Cindy , Chin Paul C. , Morrison Brad , Wang Lulu , Park Jane , Chugh Priti , Chen Hsin‐Mei , D'Mello Santosh R. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractIncreasing evidence suggests that neuronal apoptosis is triggered by the inappropriate activation of cyclin‐dependent kinases leading to an abortive re‐entry of neurons into the cell cycle. Pharmacological inhibitors of cell‐cycle progression may therefore have value in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases in humans. GW8510 is a 3′ substituted indolone that was developed recently as an inhibitor of cyclin‐dependent kinase 2 (CDK2). We found that GW8510 inhibits the death of cerebellar granule neurons caused by switching them from high potassium (HK) medium to low potassium (LK) medium. Although GW8510 inhibits CDK2 and other CDKs when tested in in vitro biochemical assays, when used on cultured neurons it only inhibits CDK5, a cytoplasmic CDK that is not associated with cell‐cycle progression. Treatment of cultured HEK293T cells with GW8510 does not inhibit cell‐cycle progression, consistent with its inability to inhibit mitotic CDKs in intact cells. Neuroprotection by GW8510 is independent of Akt and MEK‐ERK signaling. Furthermore, GW8510 does not block the LK‐induced activation of Gsk3βand, while inhibiting c‐jun phosphorylation, does not inhibit the increase in c‐jun expression observed in apoptotic neurons. We also examined the effectiveness of other 3′ substituted indolone compounds to protect against neuronal apoptosis. We found that like GW8510, the VEGF Receptor 2 Kinase Inhibitors [3‐(1H‐pyrrol‐2‐ylmethylene)‐1,3‐dihydroindol‐2‐one], {(Z)‐3‐[2,4‐Dimethyl‐3‐(ethoxycarbonyl)pyrrol‐5‐yl)methylidenyl]indol‐2‐one} and [(Z)‐5‐Bromo‐3‐(4,5,6,6‐tetrahydro‐1H‐indol‐2‐ylmethylene)‐1,3‐dihydroindol‐2‐one], the Src family kinase inhibitor SU6656 and a commercially available inactive structural analog of an RNA‐dependent protein kinase inhibitor 5‐Chloro‐3‐(3,5‐dichloro‐4‐hydroxybenzylidene)‐1,3‐dihydro‐indol‐2‐one, are all neuroprotective when tested on LK‐treated neurons. Along with our recent identification of the c‐Raf inhibitor GW5074 (also a 3′ substituted indolone) as a neuroprotective compound, our findings identify the 3′ substituted indolone as a core structure for the designing of neuroprotective drugs that may be used to treat neurodegenerative diseases in humans.
Ca2+‐induced permeabilization promotes free radical release from rat brain mitochondria with partially inhibited complex I
Authors: Votyakova Tatyana V. , Reynolds Ian J. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractMitochondrial complex I dysfunction has been implicated in a number of brain pathologies, putatively owing to an increased rate of reactive oxygen species (ROS) release. However, the mechanisms regulating the ROS burden are poorly understood. In this study we investigated the effect of Ca2+ loads on ROS release from rat brain mitochondria with complex I partially inhibited by rotenone. The addition of 20 nm rotenone to brain mitochondria increased ROS release. Ca2+ (100 µm) alone had no effect on ROS release, but greatly potentiated the effects of rotenone. The effect of Ca2+ was decreased by ruthenium red. Ca2+‐challenged mitochondria lose about 88% of their glutathione and 46% of their cytochrome c under these conditions, although this depends only on Ca2+ loading and not complex I inhibition. ADP in combination with oligomycin decreased the loss of glutathione and cytochrome c and free radical generation. Cyclosporin A alone was ineffective in preventing these effects, but augmented the protection provided by ADP and oligomycin. Non‐specific permeabilization of mitochondria with alamethicin also increased the ROS signal, but only when combined with partial inhibition of complex I. These results demonstrate that Ca2+ can greatly increase ROS release by brain mitochondria when complex I is impaired.
Serotonin via 5‐HT7 receptors activates p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase and protein kinase C ɛ resulting in interleukin‐6 synthesis in human U373 MG astrocytoma cells
Authors: Lieb Klaus , Biersack Lisa , Waschbisch Anne , Orlikowski Sonja , Akundi Ravi Shankar , Candelario‐Jalil Eduardo , Hüll Michael , Fiebich Bernd L. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractSerotonin [5‐hydroxytryptamine (5‐HT)] is a widely distributed neurotransmitter which is involved in neuroimmunomodulatory processes. Previously, it has been demonstrated that 5‐HT may induce interleukin (IL)‐6 expression in primary rat hippocampal astrocytes. The present study was undertaken to investigate the molecular pathways underlying this induction of IL‐6 synthesis. As a model system, we used the human astrocytoma cell line U373 MG, which synthesizes IL‐6 upon stimulation with various inducers. 5‐HT dose‐ and time‐dependently induced IL‐6 protein synthesis. We identified several 5‐HT receptors to be expressed on U373 MG cells, including the 5‐HT1D, 5‐HT2A, 5‐HT3 and 5‐HT7 receptors. In this report, we show that the 5‐HT‐induced IL‐6 release is mediated by the 5‐HT7 receptor based on several agonist/antagonists that were used. 5‐HT‐induced IL‐6 synthesis is inhibited by the partially selective 5‐HT7 receptor antagonist, pimozide, and the selective antagonist SB269970. Furthermore, IL‐6 synthesis was induced by the 5‐HT7 receptor agonist carboxamidotryptamin. In addition, we found p38 MAPKs and protein kinase C (PKC) ɛ to be involved in 5‐HT‐induced IL‐6 synthesis as specific inhibitors of these enzymes (SB202190 and RO‐31‐8425, respectively) blocked 5‐HT‐induced IL‐6 synthesis. Furthermore, 5‐HT mediated the phosphorylation of both p38 MAPK as well as the PKC ɛ isoform. The p42/44 MAPKs, however, were not involved in 5‐HT‐induced IL‐6 synthesis. This study shows, for the first time, a central role of 5‐HT7 receptor linked to p38 MAPK and PKC ɛ for the induction of cytokine synthesis in astrocytic cells.
Experimental gingivitis in cigarette smokers
Authors: Salvi Giovanni E. , Ramseier Christoph A. , Kandylaki M. , Sigrist L. , Awedowa E. , Lang Niklaus P. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractObjective: To assess clinical and microbiological changes during experimental gingivitis in cigarette smokers and non‐smokers.Material and Methods: Eleven current smokers (5 years) and 11 (never‐) non‐smokers periodontally healthy or with gingivitis (PPD4 mm) were included. According to the original model (Löe et al. 1965), an experimental 3‐week plaque accumulation period resulting in experimental gingivitis and a subsequent 2‐week period of optimal plaque control were performed. Subgingival plaque samples were collected at Days 0, 21 and 35 from one site per quadrant, pooled and analysed using checkerboard DNA–DNA hybridization.Results: Smokers {mean age: 24.7±2.2 [standard deviation (SD)] years, range 21–28 years} had a mean lifetime cigarette exposure of 6.4±2.8 (SD) pack‐years, while non‐smokers presented with a mean age of 23.1±2.2 (SD) years (range 21–29 years). Between Days 0, 21 and 35, no statistically significant differences in mean Plaque and mean Gingival Index scores were observed between smokers and non‐smokers. In both smokers and non‐smokers, mean total DNA probe counts did not significantly differ nor increase between Days 0 and 21. Also, between Days 21 and 35 they did not significantly differ nor decrease. This was also true for the various proportions of bacterial complexes.Conclusion: Both current smokers and (never‐) non‐smokers reacted to experimental plaque accumulation with gingival inflammation. Periodontal and microbiological parameters assessed in current cigarette smokers did not significantly differ from those in non‐smokers during an identical period of experimental plaque accumulation. Hence, the early host response to the bacterial challenge appears to be of similar magnitude and timing in both groups.
Bone regeneration at implants with turned or rough surfaces in self‐contained defects. An experimental study in the dog
Authors: Botticelli Daniele , Berglundh Tord , Persson Leif G. , Lindhe Jan 
Published: April 2005

AbstractBackground: Marginal hard tissue defects present at implants with a rough surface can heal with a high degree of bone fill and osseointegration. The healing of similar defects adjacent to implants with a smooth surface appears to be less predictable.Objective: The aim was to compare bone healing at implants with turned or rough surface topographies placed in self‐contained defects using either a submerged or non‐submerged installation technique.Material and Methods: Six dogs were used. Three months after tooth extraction four experimental sites were prepared for implant installation in both sides of the mandible. The marginal 5 mm of the canal prepared for the implant was widened. Thus, following implant placement a circumferential gap occurred between the bone tissue and the implant surface that was between 1 and 1.25 mm wide. In each side of the mandible two implants with a turned surface and two implants with a rough surface were installed. The implants in the right side were fully submerged, while a non‐submerged technique was applied in the left side. The animals were sacrificed 4 months later, block biopsies of each implant site were dissected and ground as well as paraffin sections were prepared.Results: The marginal defects around rough surface implants exhibited after 4 months of healing substantial bone fill and a high degree of osseointegration following either the submerged or the non‐submerged installation technique. Healing at turned implants was characterized by incomplete bone fill and the presence of a connective tissue zone between the implant and the newly formed bone. The distance between the implant margin (M) and the most coronal level of bone‐to‐implant contact (B) at implants with a rough surface was 0.84±0.37 mm at submerged and 0.90±0.39 mm at non‐submerged sites. The distance M–B at implants with a turned surface was 3.39±0.52 mm at submerged and 3.23±0.68 mm at non‐submerged sites. The differences between the rough and turned implants regarding the length of distance M–B were statistically significant (paired t‐test).Conclusion: Osseointegration at implants placed in sites with marginal defects is influenced by the surface characteristics of the implant.