bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis, Spectroscopic and EPR Results and Crystal Structure of Copper(II) Formato Derivatives with Pyrazine and Dimethylpyrazines
Authors: Barquín Montserrat , Garmendia María J. González , Larrínaga Liher , Pinilla Elena , Torres María R. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe complexes of copper formato with pyrazine and dimethylpyrazines: Cu(HCOO)2(pyrz) (1), Cu2(HCOO)4(pyrz) (2), Cu2(HCOO)4(2,3‐Me2pyrz) (3), Cu2(HCOO)4(2,5‐Me2pyrz) (4), and Cu2(HCOO)4(2,6‐Me2pyrz)2 (5) have been synthesized and characterized by chemical analysis and IR and electronic spectro scopies. The three‐dimensional structure of compound 1 consists of –Cu–pyrz–Cu–pyrz– chains joined by bridging formate groups coordinated, in configuration syn‐anti, to two copper atoms. The coordination around the copper atom is orthorhombic with two Cu–O distances of 2.374(1) Å, two Cu–O of 1.952 Å and two Cu–N of 2.080 Å. Compound 5 is formed by molecular dimers with the [Cu2(μ‐HCOO)4] unit, two copper atoms and four syn‐syn fomate groups, and two ligands coordinated to the copper atoms in the axial positions. In compounds 2 and 3 chains of [Cu2(μ‐HCOO)4] dimers with pyrz or 2,3‐Me2pyrz as bridging ligands are formed.The EPR signal of 1 is orthorhombic (g = 2.23, 2.20 and 2.06). In the EPR spectra of 2 – 5 compounds the triplet (S = 1) signals are observed. The g⟂, g∥ and D values are been calculated.
Synthesis and Characterization of Monomeric Aryloxo Palladium Complexes of the Type [Pd(N–N)(OAr)(C6F5)].Crystal Structure of [Pd(tmeda)(C6F5)(OC6H4NO2‐p)]
Authors: Ruiz José , Martínez M. Teresa , Vicente Consuelo , Rodríguez Venancio , López Gregorio , Pérez José , Chaloner Penny A. , Hitchcock Peter B. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractMononuclear palladium‐hydroxo complexes of the type [Pd(N–N)(C6F5)(OH)][(N–N) = 2,2′‐bipyridine (bipy), 4,4′‐dimethyl‐2,2′‐bipyridine (Me2bipy), 1,10‐phenantroline (phen) or N,N,N′,N′‐tetramethylethylenediamine (tmeda) react with phenols ArOH in tetrahydrofuran giving the corresponding aryloxo complexes [Pd(N–N)(C6F5)(OAr)]. Elemental analyses and spectroscopic (IR, 1H and 19F) methods have been used to characterize the new complexes. The X‐ray crystal structure of [Pd(tmeda)(C6F5)(OC6H4NO2‐p)] has been determined. In the crystal packing the planes defined by two C6H4 rings show a parallel orientation. There are also intermolecular C–H···F and C‐H···O hydrogen bonds.
Cobalt Chalcogenide Clusters. Synthesis, Characterization and DFT Calculations of [Co4Se2(CO)10] and [Co4Te2(CO)11]. Crystal Structure of [Co8Se4(CO)16(μ‐dppa)2]
Authors: Sevillano Paloma , Koenig Sven , Himmel Daniel , Fuhr Olaf , Fenske Dieter 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe reactions of [Co2(CO)8] with E(SiMe3)2 (E = Se, Te) in CH2Cl2 result in the formation of the compounds [Co4Se2(CO)10]> (1) and [Co4Te2(CO)11] (2), respectively. Both cluster complexes have similar molecular structures in which the cobalt atoms form four‐membered rings with μ4‐bridging chalcogen atoms (Se and Te) above and below the plane of the metal atoms and the carbonyl ligands as either terminal or μ2‐bridging ligands. DFT‐calculations for both compounds have been carried out in order to obtain some more information about their electronic distribution. In the presence of the phosphine Ph2PC≡CPPh2 (dppa), the reaction of [Co2(CO)8] with Se(SiMe3)2 leads to the formation of [Co8Se4(CO)16(μ‐dppa)2] (3). During the reaction two molecules of [Co2(CO)8] have been added to the acetylene groups of the dppa ligands, whilst the remaining cobalt atoms coordinate to the phosphorus atoms of the phosphine. In this compounds the selenium atoms act as μ3‐ligands, bridging the metal atoms bonded to the phosphorus with those bonded to the acetylene groups.
Selective Catalytic Reduction of Nitric Oxide by Ammonia over Ag and Zn‐Exchanged Cuban Natural Zeolites
Authors: Moreno‐Tost Ramón , Santamaría‐González José , Rodríguez‐Castellón Enrique , Jiménez‐López Antonio , Autié Miguel A. , Glacial Marisol Carreras , Castro Giselle Autié , Guerra Magali 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe catalytic selective reduction of NO over metal‐exchanged (ZnII, AgI) natural zeolites (mordenite and clinoptilolite) from Cuba using NH3 as a reducing agent in the presence of excess oxygen was studied. Both transition metals slightly improve the catalytic performance for the NO reduction. ZnII‐exchanged zeolites exhibit a moderate catalytic activity, with conversions of NO of ≈58 % and high selectivity to N2 at high temperatures.
Increased left atrial volume index is an independent predictor of raised serum natriuretic peptide in patients with suspected heart failure but normal left ventricular ejection fraction: Implication for diagnosis of diastolic heart failure
Authors: Lim Tiong K. , Ashrafian Houman , Dwivedi Girish , Collinson Paul O. , Senior Roxy 
Published: August 2005

AbstractBackground:Left atrial volume index (LAVI) is increasingly recognised as a relatively load‐independent marker of left ventricular (LV) filling pressures. We assessed the capacity of LAVI to predict LV diastolic dysfunction in comparison with N‐terminal pro B‐type natriuretic peptide (NTproBNP) in patients with suspected heart failure and a normal ejection fraction (EF).Methods:137 patients with suspected heart failure (HF), referred from the community for echocardiography, prospectively underwent Doppler echocardiography, LAVI and NTproBNP estimation. Raised LAVI and reduced LV systolic function were defined as >26 ml/m2 and LV EF <50% respectively.Results:Of 137 patients, 21 were excluded (2 with significant mitral valve disease and 19 with atrial fibrillation). Of the remaining 116 subjects, 92 showed normal LV systolic function. The univariate predictors of serum log NTproBNP were age (p<0.001), LA dimension (p=0.001), LAVI (p<0.001), A wave (p=0.001), E:A (p=0.07) and septal wall thickness (p=0.004). However on multivariate analysis, LAVI was found to be the most consistent and significant predictor of NTproBNP. The area under the curve of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for NTproBNP in detecting patients with LVEF ≥50percnt; and LAVI >26ml/m2 was 0.81 (p<0.0001) and for patients with LAVI >26ml/m2 with and without LVEF ≥50% was 0.82 (p<=0.0001).Conclusion:This data confirms that LAVI on resting echocardiography, specifically in patients with suspected HF and normal LV systolic function is a powerful independent predictor of LV diastolic dysfunction as predicted by serum NTproBNP. In a population with a high suspicion of diastolic heart failure, LAVI may significantly contribute to diagnostic precision.
The Federal Theatre Project: A Case Study. By Barry B. Witham. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003; pp. 190. $70 cloth.
Authors: Fraden Rena 
Published: August 2005

The Federal Theatre Project . . . was a unique and influential experiment in American theatre; not just for its outspoken politics, but because it reimagined the very way that theatre was produced in the United States. For the first time in the history of the country theatre was subsidized by the federal government, a practice with widespread precedents in Europe and Asia, but one that was totally out of step with free enterprise business practice and a culture which had banned plays in its Second Continental Congress. (1)So opens Barry Witham's case study of the Seattle Federal Theatre Project from 1935 to 1939.
Correlation between vasoconstrictor roles and mRNA expression of α1‐adrenoceptor subtypes in blood vessels of genetically engineered mice
Authors: Hosoda Chihiro , Tanoue Akito , Shibano Mari , Tanaka Yoshio , Hiroyama Masami , Koshimizu Taka‐aki , Cotecchia Susanna , Kitamura Tadaichi , Tsujimoto Gozoh , Koike Katsuo 
Published: August 2005

We examined the contribution of each α1‐adrenoceptor (AR) subtype in noradrenaline (NAd)‐evoked contraction in the thoracic aortas and mesenteric arteries of mice. Compared with the concentration–response curves (CRCs) for NAd in the thoracic aortas of wild‐type (WT) mice, the CRCs of mutant mice showed a significantly lower sensitivity. The pD2 value in rank order is as follows: WT mice (8.21)>α1B‐adrenoceptor knockout (α1B‐KO) (7.77)>α1D‐AR knockout (α1D‐KO) (6.44)>α1B‐ and α1D‐AR double knockout (α1BD‐KO) (5.15). In the mesenteric artery, CRCs for NAd did not differ significantly between either WT (6.52) and α1B‐KO mice (7.12) or α1D‐KO (6.19) and α1BD‐KO (6.29) mice. However, the CRC maximum responses to NAd in α1D‐ and α1BD‐KO mice were significantly lower than those in WT and α1B‐KO mice.
Except in the thoracic aortas of α1BD‐KO mice, the competitive antagonist prazosin inhibited the contraction response to NAd with high affinity. However, prazosin produced shallow Schild slopes in the vessels of mice lacking the α1D‐AR gene. In the thoracic aorta, pA2 values in WT mice for KMD‐3213 and BMY7378 were 8.25 and 8.46, respectively, and in α1B‐KO mice they were 8.49 and 9.13, respectively. In the mesenteric artery, pA2 values in WT mice for KMD‐3213 and BMY7378 were 8.34 and 7.47, respectively, and in α1B‐KO mice they were 8.11 and 7.82, respectively. These pharmacological findings were in fairly good agreement with findings from comparison of CRCs, with the exception of the mesenteric arteries of WT and α1B‐KO mice, which showed low affinities to BMY7378.
We performed a quantitative analysis of the mRNA expression of each α1‐AR subtype in these vessels in order to examine the correlation between mRNA expression level and the predominance of each α1‐AR subtype in mediating vascular contraction.
The rank order of each α1‐AR subtype in terms of its vasoconstrictor role was in fairly good agreement with the level of expression of mRNA of each subtype, that is, α1D‐AR>α1B‐AR>α1A‐AR in the thoracic aorta and α1D‐AR>α1A‐AR>α1B‐AR in the mesenteric artery. No dramatic compensatory change of α1‐AR subtype in mutant mice was observed in pharmacological or quantitative mRNA expression analysis.

British Journal of Pharmacology (2005) 146, 456–466. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0706325
Biological activities of Bv8 analogues
Authors: Negri Lucia , Lattanzi Roberta , Giannini Elisa , Colucci Maria Antonella , Mignogna Giuseppina , Barra Donatella , Grohovaz Fabio , Codazzi Franca , Kaiser Alessandra , Kreil Guenther , Melchiorri Pietro 
Published: August 2005

The small protein Bv8, secreted by the skin of the frog Bombina variegata, belongs to a novel family of secreted proteins whose orthologues have been identified in snakes (MIT) and in mammals (prokineticins (PKs)). A characteristic feature of this protein family is the same N‐terminal sequence, AVITGA, and the presence of 10 cysteines with identical spacing in the C‐terminal domain. Two closely related G protein‐coupled receptors that mediate signal transduction of Bv8/PKs have been cloned (PK‐R1 and PK‐R2). In mammals, the Bv8/PK protein family is involved in a number of biological activities such as ingestive behaviours, circadian rhythms, angiogenesis and pain sensitization.
In an attempt to identify the structural determinants required for the pronociceptive activity of Bv8, we prepared Bv8 derivatives lacking one (des‐Ala‐Bv8) or two (des‐Ala‐Val‐Bv8) residues from the N‐terminus.
des‐Ala‐Bv8 displayed a receptor affinity five times lower than that of Bv8, it was five times less potent in inducing [Ca2+]i transients and in causing p42/p44 MAPK phosphorylation in CHO‐cells expressing PK‐R1 and PK‐R2. Moreover, dA‐Bv8 was about 20 times less potent than Bv8 in inducing hyperalgesia in rats.
The deletion of the first two amino acids of Bv8 abolished any biological activity both ‘in vitro’ and ‘in vivo’; however, des‐AlaVal‐Bv8 is able to antagonize the Bv8‐induced hyperalgesia, binding the PK‐Rs on peripheral and central projections of the primary sensitive neurons.

British Journal of Pharmacology (2005) 146, 625–632. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0706376
Rho kinase inhibitors reduce neurally evoked contraction of the rat tail artery in vitro
Authors: Yeoh Melanie , Brock James A 
Published: August 2005

The effects of Rho kinase inhibitors (Y27632, HA‐1077) on contractions to electrical stimulation and to application of phenylephrine, clonidine or α,β‐methylene adenosine 5′‐triphosphate (α,β‐mATP) were investigated in rat tail artery in vitro. In addition, continuous amperometry and intracellular recording were used to monitor the effects of Y27632 on noradrenaline (NA) release and postjunctional electrical activity, respectively.
Y27632 (0.5 and 1 μM) and HA‐1077 (5 μM) reduced neurally evoked contractions. In contrast, the protein kinase C inhibitor, Ro31‐8220 (1 μM), had little effect on neurally evoked contraction.
In the absence and the presence of Y27632 (0.5 μM), the reduction of neurally evoked contraction produced by the α‐adrenoceptor antagonists prazosin (10 nM) and idazoxan (0.1 μM) was similar.
The P2‐purinoceptor antagonist, suramin (0.1 mM), had no inhibitory effect on neurally evoked contraction in the absence or the presence of Y27632 (1 μM). In the presence of Y27632, desensitization of P2X‐purinoceptors with α,β‐mATP (10 μM) increased neurally evoked contractions.
Y27632 (1 μM) and H‐1077 (5 μM) reduced sensitivity to phenylephrine and clonidine. In addition, Y27632 reduced contractions to α,β‐mATP (10 μM).
Y27632 (1 μM) had no effect on the NA‐induced oxidation currents or the purinergic excitatory junction potentials and NA‐induced slow depolarizations evoked by electrical stimulation.
Rho kinase inhibitors reduce sympathetic nerve‐mediated contractions of the tail artery. This effect is mediated at a postjunctional site, most likely by inhibition of Rho kinase‐mediated ‘Ca2+ sensitization’ of the contractile apparatus.

British Journal of Pharmacology (2005) 146, 854–861. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0706377
Mapping leptin-interacting sites in recombinant leptin-binding domain (LBD) subcloned from chicken leptin receptor
Authors: Niv-Spector L. , Raver N. , Friedman-Einat M. , Grosclaude J. , Gussakovsky E. E. , Livnah O. , Gertler A. 
Published: August 2005

The binding domain of the chicken leptin receptor [chLBD (chicken leptin-binding domain)], subcloned from the full-size chicken leptin receptor and prepared in an Escherichia coli system, was subjected to site-directed mutagenesis to identify the amino acids involved in leptin binding. A total of 22 electrophoretically pure, &gt;90% monomer-containing mutants were expressed, refolded and purified. The effects of the mutations were tested by the ability to form complexes with ovine leptin, and the kinetic parameters of interaction were determined by surface plasmon resonance. Six mutants were used to determine whether mutations of several amino acids that differ between chLBD and mammalian LBDs will affect affinity: none showed any such effect, except the mutant A105D (Ala105→Asp), which exhibited some decrease in affinity. Surface plasmon resonance analysis identified six mutants in which binding activity was totally abolished (F73A, Y14A/F73A, V76A/F77A, L78A/L79A, V76A/F77A/L78A/L79A and A105D/D106V) and six mutants (Y14A, R41A, R41A/S42A/K43A, V103A, V135A/F136A and F136A) in which affinity for the hormone was reduced, mainly by increased dissociation rates. Gel-filtration experiments indicated the formation of a 1:1 ovine or human leptin–chLBD complex with a molecular mass of approx. 41 kDa. Gel-filtration experiments yielded 1:1 complexes with those mutants in which affinity had decreased, but not with the six mutants, which had totally lost their binding capacity. Modelling the leptin–chLBD complex indicated that the binding domain of the latter is located mainly in the L3 loop, which contributes nine amino acid residues interacting with leptin. Contact-surface analysis identified the residues having the highest contribution to the recognition site to be Phe73, Phe77 and Leu79.
NPC1 late endosomes contain elevated levels of non-esterified (‘free’) fatty acids and an abnormally glycosylated form of the NPC2 protein
Authors: Chen Fannie W. , Gordon Ronald E. , Ioannou Yiannis A. 
Published: August 2005

NPC (Niemann–Pick type C) disease is a rare lipidosis characterized by the accumulation of LDL (low-density lipoprotein)-derived non-esterified cholesterol in the E/L (endosomal/lysosomal) system. The gene products that are responsible for the two NPC complementation groups are distinct and dissimilar, yet their cellular and disease phenotypes are virtually indistinguishable. To investigate the relationship between NPC1 and NPC2 and their potential role in NPC disease pathogenesis, we have developed a method for the rapid and efficient isolation of late endocytic vesicles from mouse liver by magnetic chromatography. Late endosomes from Wt (wild-type) and NPC1 mice were found to differ not only in their cholesterol and sphingomyelin content, as expected, but also in their non-esterified (‘free’) fatty acid content, with NPC1 vesicles showing an approx. 7-fold increase in non-esterified fatty acid levels compared with Wt vesicles. Furthermore, we show that the NPC2 protein is in an incompletely deglycosylated form in NPC1 late endosomes by a mechanism that is specific to the NPC2 protein and not a global aberration of protein glycosylation/deglycosylation or trafficking, since NPC2 secreted from NPC1 cells is indistinguishable from that secreted from Wt cells. Also, a greater proportion of the normally soluble cellular NPC2 protein partitions with detergent-insoluble late endosomal internal membrane domains in NPC1 vesicles. In addition, we show that, although a small amount of the NPC2 protein associates with these membranes in Wt vesicles, this localization becomes much more pronounced in NPC1 vesicles. These results suggest that the function of the NPC2 protein may be compromised as well in NPC1 endosomes, which might explain the paradoxical phenotypic similarities of the two NPC disease complementation groups.
Bacillus subtilis 3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonate 7-phosphate synthase revisited: resolution of two long-standing enigmas
Authors: Wu Jing , Sheflyan Galina Ya. , Woodard Ronald W. 
Published: August 2005

The mono/bifunctional and metallo/non-metallo properties of Bacillus subtilis DAHPS (3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonate 7-phosphate synthase) have been controversial for several decades. The present study investigated the DAHPSs from both the B. subtilis parent Marburg strain and the derivative strain 168 in detail and clarified the above two long-standing questions. The DAHPSs from the parent and the derivative 168 strains have identical sequence and are both bifunctional enzymes with a CM (chorismate mutase) activity and a DAHPS activity. The parent strain expresses a second independent monofunctional CM, encoded by aroH, that is highly active, while the 168 strain expresses an aroH containing a single residue mutation (A112V) that is significantly less active thus leading to previous confusion regarding the mono/bifunctionality of DAHPS. Metal analysis showed that B. subtilis DAHPS as isolated contained iron and zinc and is inactivated by dipicolinic acid; the inactive apoenzyme can be reactivated by bivalent metal ions, indicating that the enzyme is a metalloenzyme. The enzyme-bound metal is insensitive to EDTA treatment, leading to the previous conclusion that this DAHPS does not require a metal. The enzyme displays a homotetrameric structure in solution and appears to follow Michaelis–Menten kinetics with KmPEP=139±11.4 μM for phosphoenolpyruvate, KmE4P=1760±110 μM for D-erythrose 4-phosphate, kcat=4.6±0.1 s−1 for DAHPS activity and Kmchorismate=850±97 μM, kcat=0.41±0.01 s−1 for CM activity. B. subtilis DAHPS is inhibited by the Shikimate pathway intermediates prephenate and chorismate.
A preliminary investigation of rider position during walk, trot and canter
Authors: Lovett Thomas , Hodson-Tole Emma , Nankervis Kathryn 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to determine whether significant differences exist in the position of a horse rider when assessed at different points in the horse's stride cycle at walk, trot and canter on the right rein. Video analysis was used to determine the absolute angles of the trunk, thigh and lower leg of five subjects during the walk, rising trot and canter. The range of movement of the trunk, thigh and lower leg during each gait was also determined. At walk significant differences in the rider's trunk angle were found between limb impacts (P<0.05). At trot significant differences were found in all angles between impacts of the horse's diagonal limb pairs (P<0.05). At canter, there were no significant differences in rider position between limb impacts. The range of movement of the trunk was 5.9°, 4.1° and 4.7° for walk, trot and canter, respectively. The corresponding ranges of the thigh and lower leg were 1.9°, 7.3° and 4.4°, and 2.9°, 5.2° and 3.9°, respectively. This preliminary study has demonstrated differences in rider posture between limb impacts in walk and trot. Further work is necessary to investigate the forces acting on the rider during each gait and the postural strategies employed by riders to maintain a balanced position. Such work is a necessary forerunner to the study of rider influence on horse performance.
Changes in plasma cortisol and ascorbic acid in horses with and without recurrent airway obstruction upon exercise and ascorbic acid supplementation
Authors: Cuff TL , Williams RJ , Deaton CM , Smith NC , Davies BD , Davies-Morel MCG , Marlin DJ , Harris PA 
Published: August 2005

AbstractDiminished basal plasma cortisol concentrations and a blunted cortisol response to exercise have been observed in human asthmatics. In horses with recurrent airway obstruction (RAO), plasma concentrations of cortisol at rest are not significantly different from those of healthy horses, but the effect of exercise on endogenous cortisol concentrations has not been described. Ascorbic acid is a non-enzymatic antioxidant with proposed immune-modulating properties. In man, supplementation with ascorbic acid has been shown to attenuate the exercise-induced increase in plasma cortisol following prolonged, submaximal exercise. The relationship between cortisol and ascorbic acid has not previously been investigated in the horse. In a blinded cross-over design, five horses with RAO and six healthy non-RAO controls performed a standard exercise test following 4 weeks of supplementation with either an antioxidant (providing 10 mg ascorbic acid kg−1day−1) or a placebo (<1 mg ascorbic acid kg−1day−1). Venous blood samples were obtained 1 h prior to exercise and at 0, 15, 60 min and 24 h thereafter. Exercise resulted in a significant increase in plasma cortisol concentrations in both groups of horses (P<0.05). Basal and post-exercise concentrations of plasma cortisol in the RAO group (136±16 and 210±16 μmol l−1, respectively) were not significantly different from those in the non-RAO group (129±43 and 218±30 μmol l−1, respectively). Antioxidant supplementation increased basal and post-exercise concentrations of plasma ascorbic acid in RAO and non-RAO horses (P<0.05) but had no effect on plasma cortisol concentration in either group, before or after exercise (RAO: rest 157±27 μmol l−1, post-exercise 222±21 μmol l−1; non-RAO: rest 140±11 μmol l−1, post-exercise 227±35 μmol l−1). In conclusion, RAO-affected horses in remission demonstrate the same cortisol response to exercise as healthy controls. Antioxidant supplementation had no impact on post-exercise concentrations of plasma cortisol in either healthy or RAO-affected horses in remission.