bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hierarchically Periodic Macroporous Niobium Oxide Architecture for Enhanced Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Guo Lang , Yao Xiaojie , Wang Zhichen , Luo Chonghan , Zhou Ling , Liu Feng , Zhang Rongbin , Wang Xuewen 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe fabrication of periodic macroporous (PM) in Nb2O5 via morphological control is crucial for improving the photocatalytic hydrogen evolution efficiency. In this study, Nb2O5 with PM is synthesized using a straightforward colloidal crystal templating approach. This material features an open, interconnected macroporous architecture with nanoscale walls, high crystallinity, and substantial porosity. Extensive characterization reveals that this hierarchically structured Nb2O5 possesses abundant surface active sites and is capable of capturing light effectively, facilitating rapid mass transfer and diffusion of reactants and markedly suppressing the recombination of photoexcited charge carriers. Macroporous Nb2O5 exhibits superior water‐splitting hydrogen evolution performance compared with its bulk and commercial counterparts, achieving a hydrogen production rate of 405 µmol g−1 h−1, surpassing that of bulk Nb2O5 (B‐Nb2O5) and commercial Nb2O5 (C‐Nb2O5) by factors of 5 and 33, respectively. This study proposes an innovative strategy for the design of hierarchically structured PM, thereby significantly advancing the hydrogen evolution potential of Nb2O5.
Heteroatoms‐Doped Mesoporous Carbon Nanosheets with Dual Diffusion Pathways for Highly Efficient Potassium Ion Storage
Authors: Wang Haibing , Ding Hao , Wang Zhenzhu , Zhu Yanyan , Chen Zhonghui , Song Bo 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe high potassization/depotassization energy barriers and lack of efficient ion diffusion pathways are two serious obstacles for carbon‐based materials to achieve satisfactory potassium ion storage performance. Herein, a facile and controllable one‐step exfoliation‐doping‐etching strategy is proposed to construct heteroatoms (N, O, and S)‐doped mesoporous few‐layer carbon nanosheets (NOS‐C). The mixed molten salts of KCl/K2SO4 are innovatively used as the exfoliators, dopants, and etching agents, which enable NOS‐C with expanded interlayer spacing and uniformly distributed mesopores with the adjusted electronic structure of surrounding carbon atoms, contributing efficient dual (vertical and horizontal) K‐ion diffusion pathways, low potassization/depotassization energy barriers and abundant active sites. Thus, the NOS anodes achieve a high reversible capacity of 516.8 mAh g−1 at 0.05 A g−1, superior rate capability of 202.8 mAh g−1 at 5 A g−1 and excellent long‐term cyclic stability, and their practical application potential is demonstrated by the assembled potassium‐ion full batteries. Moreover, a surface‐interlayer synergetic K+ storage mechanism is revealed by a combined theoretical and experimental approach including in situ EIS, in situ Raman, ex situ XPS, and SEM analysis. The proposed K+ storage mechanism and unique structural engineering provide a new pathway for potassium‐ion storage devices and even beyond.
Plane Stress Fracture Toughness Testing of Freestanding Ultra‐Thin Nanocrystalline Gold Films on Water Surface
Authors: Song Myoung , Ma Boo Soo , Oh Seung Jin , Kim Taek‐Soo 
Published: January 2024

AbstractFracture toughness, which is the resistance of a material to crack propagation, is a critical material property for ensuring the mechanical reliability of damage‐tolerant design. Recently, damage‐tolerant design is introduced to flexible electronics by adopting micro‐cracked ultra‐thin nanocrystalline (NC) gold films as stretchable electrodes in a plane stress state. However, experimental investigation of the plane stress fracture toughness of those films remains challenging due to the intrinsic fragility from their sub‐100 nm thicknesses. Here, a quantitative method for systematically evaluating the plane stress fracture toughness of freestanding ultra‐thin NC gold film on water surface platform is presented. After effectively fabricating single‐edge‐notched‐tension samples with femtosecond laser, mode I stress intensity factors are measured in the plane stress state on water surface. Moreover, investigation regarding the effect of notch length, notch sharpness, and notch tip plasticity validates this method based on linear elastic fracture mechanics theory. As a demonstration, the thickness‐dependent plane stress fracture toughness of ultra‐thin NC gold films is qualitatively unveiled. It is revealed that the thickness confinement effect on grain boundary sliding induces a transition in fracture behavior. This method is expected to further clarify the fracture‐related properties of various ultra‐thin films for next‐generation electronics.
Enhancing Electrochemical Performance of Aluminum‐Oxygen Batteries with Graphene Aerogel Cathode
Authors: Zhang Zhongqing , Wang Zhiyu , Lu Jianwei , Lyu Jiayin , Zhuge Xiangqun , Luo Kun , Ren Yurong , Shahzad Aamir , Lei Weiwei , Liu Dan 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAluminum‐oxygen batteries (AOBs) own the benefits of high energy density (8.14 kWh kg−1), low cost, and high safety. However, the design of a cathode with high surface area, structure integrity, and good catalytic performance is still challenging for rechargeable AOBs. Herein, the fabrication of a robust self‐supporting cathode using 3D graphene aerogel (3DGA) for rechargeable AOBs is demonstrated. Electroanalysis showed that the 3DGA presented good catalytic activity in both oxygen reduction and evolution reactions, which allowed the AOB to operate for >90 cycles with low overpotentials at a current density of 0.2 mA cm−2, and a high Coulombic efficiency of ca. 99% using ionic liquid as electrolyte. In comparison, the cell with the carbon paper cathode can only cycle for 50 rounds. The excellent cyclic performance can be attributed to the porous structure, large surface area, good electric conductivity, and catalytic activity of the 3DGA, which is prospective to be applied for other metal‐air batteries, fuel cells, and supercapacitors.
Recent Advances in Photoinduced Modification of Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins
Authors: De Jesus Iva S. , Vélez Jeimy A. C. , Pissinati Emanuele F. , Correia Jose Tiago M. , Rivera Daniel G. , Paixao Márcio W. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe chemical modification of biopolymers like peptides and proteins is a key technology to access vaccines and pharmaceuticals. Similarly, the tunable derivatization of individual amino acids is important as they are key building blocks of biomolecules, bioactive natural products, synthetic polymers, and innovative materials. The high diversity of functional groups present in amino acid‐based molecules represents a significant challenge for their selective derivatization Recently, visible light‐mediated transformations have emerged as a powerful strategy for achieving chemoselective biomolecule modification. This technique offers numerous advantages over other methods, including a higher selectivity, mild reaction conditions and high functional‐group tolerance. This review provides an overview of the most recent methods covering the photoinduced modification for single amino acids and site‐selective functionalization in peptides and proteins under mild and even biocompatible conditions. Future challenges and perspectives are discussed beyond the diverse types of photocatalytic transformations that are currently available.
Quantum corrected Q-ball dynamics
Authors: Xie Qi-Xin , Saffin Paul M. , Tranberg Anders , Zhou Shuang-Yong 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The physics of individual Q-balls and interactions between multiple Q-balls are well-studied in classical numerical simulations. Interesting properties and phenomena have been discovered, involving stability, forces, collisions and swapping of charge between different components of multi-Q-ball systems. We investigate these phenomena in quantum field theory, including quantum corrections to leading order in a 2PI coupling expansion, the inhomogeneous Hartree approximation. The presence of quantum modes and new decay channels allows the mean-field Q-ball to exchange charge with the quantum modes, and also alters the charge swapping frequencies of the composite Q-balls. It is also observed that the periodic exchanges between the mean-field and quantum modes tend to be quenched by collisions between Q-balls. We illustrate how the classical limit arises through a scaling of the Q-ball potential, making quantum corrections negligible for large-amplitude Q-balls.
The monodromic axion-photon coupling
Authors: Agrawal Prateek , Platschorre Arthur 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
We consider the general form of the axion coupling to photons in the axion-Maxwell theory. On general grounds this coupling takes the form of a monodromic function of the axion, which we call g(a), multiplying the Chern-Pontryagin density $$ F\overset{\sim }{F} $$
F

F
~

of the photon. We show that the non-linearity of g(a) is a spurion for the shift symmetry of the axion. In this context, when g(a) ≠ ℤa, the linearized coupling of the axion g′(a) is not quantized and there is a correlated mass term for the axion. Singularities in g(a) due to the fast rearrangement of degrees of freedom are shown to have corresponding cusps and singularities in the axion potential. We derive the general form of g(a) for the QCD axion, axions with perturbatively broken shift symmetries and axions descending from extra dimensions. In all cases, we show that there is a uniform general form of the monodromic function g(a) and it is connected to the axion potential.
What is the Simplest Linear Ramp?
Authors: Das Suman , Garg Sumit K. , Krishnan Chethan , Kundu Arnab 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
We discuss conditions under which a deterministic sequence of real numbers, interpreted as the set of eigenvalues of a Hamiltonian, can exhibit features usually associated to random matrix spectra. A key diagnostic is the spectral form factor (SFF) — a linear ramp in the SFF is often viewed as a signature of random matrix behavior. Based on various explicit examples, we observe conditions for linear and power law ramps to arise in deterministic spectra. We note that a very simple spectrum with a linear ramp is En ~ log n. Despite the presence of ramps, these sequences do not exhibit conventional level repulsion, demonstrating that the lore about their concurrence needs refinement. However, when a small noise correction is added to the spectrum, they lead to clear level repulsion as well as the (linear) ramp. We note some remarkable features of logarithmic spectra, apart from their linear ramps: they are closely related to normal modes of black hole stretched horizons, and their partition function with argument s = β + it is the Riemann zeta function ζ(s). An immediate consequence is that the spectral form factor is simply −ζ|(it)|2. Our observation that log spectra have a linear ramp, is closely related to the Lindelöf hypothesis on the growth of the zeta function. With elementary numerics, we check that the slope of a best fit line through |ζ(it)|2 on a log-log plot is indeed 1, to the fourth decimal. We also note that truncating the Riemann zeta function sum at a finite integer N causes the would-be-eternal ramp to end on a plateau.
Hypoxia-driven deSUMOylation of EXOSC10 promotes adaptive changes in the transcriptome profile
Authors: Filippopoulou Chrysa , Thomé Chairini C. , Perdikari Sofia , Ntini Evgenia , Simos George , Bohnsack Katherine E. , Chachami Georgia 
Published: January 2024

AbstractReduced oxygen availability (hypoxia) triggers adaptive cellular responses via hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-dependent transcriptional activation. Adaptation to hypoxia also involves transcription-independent processes like post-translational modifications; however, these mechanisms are poorly characterized. Investigating the involvement of protein SUMOylation in response to hypoxia, we discovered that hypoxia strongly decreases the SUMOylation of Exosome subunit 10 (EXOSC10), the catalytic subunit of the RNA exosome, in an HIF-independent manner. EXOSC10 is a multifunctional exoribonuclease enriched in the nucleolus that mediates the processing and degradation of various RNA species. We demonstrate that the ubiquitin-specific protease 36 (USP36) SUMOylates EXOSC10 and we reveal SUMO1/sentrin-specific peptidase 3 (SENP3) as the enzyme-mediating deSUMOylation of EXOSC10. Under hypoxia, EXOSC10 dissociates from USP36 and translocates from the nucleolus to the nucleoplasm concomitant with its deSUMOylation. Loss of EXOSC10 SUMOylation does not detectably affect rRNA maturation but affects the mRNA transcriptome by modulating the expression levels of hypoxia-related genes. Our data suggest that dynamic modulation of EXOSC10 SUMOylation and localization under hypoxia regulates the RNA degradation machinery to facilitate cellular adaptation to low oxygen conditions.
Functional role of Ash2l in oxLDL induced endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis
Authors: Su Zhenghua , Wang Jinghuan , Xiao Chenxi , Zhong Wen , Liu Jiayao , Liu Xinhua , Zhu Yi Zhun 
Published: January 2024

AbstractEndothelial injury and dysfunction in the artery wall fuel the process of atherosclerosis. As a key epigenetic regulator, Ash2l (Absent, small, or homeotic-Like 2) is involved in regulating vascular injury and its complications. However, the role of Ash2l in atherosclerosis has not yet been fully elucidated. Here, we found increased Ash2l expression in high-cholesterol diet-fed ApoE−/− mice and oxidized LDL (oxLDL) treated endothelial cells (ECs). Furthermore, Ash2l promoted the scavenger receptors transcription by catalyzing histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4) trimethylation at the promoter region of transcription factor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) and triggered the activation of the pro-inflammatory nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) by enhancing interaction between CD36 and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). Meanwhile, enhanced expression of scavenger receptors drove more oxLDL uptake by ECs. In vivo studies revealed that ECs-specific Ash2l knockdown reduced atherosclerotic lesion formation and promoted fibrous cap stability in the aorta of ApoE−/− mice, which was partly associated with a reduced endothelial activation by suppressing scavenger receptors and the uptake of lipids by ECs. Collectively, our findings identify Ash2l as a novel regulator that mediates endothelial injury and atherosclerosis. Targeting Ash2l may provide valuable insights for developing novel therapeutic candidates for atherosclerosis.
Graphical Abstract
Shuffling Algorithm for Coupled Tilings of the Aztec Diamond
Authors: Keating David , Nicoletti Matthew 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn this article, we define a generalization of the domino shuffling algorithm for tilings of the Aztec diamond to the interacting k-tilings recently introduced by S. Corteel, A. Gitlin, and the first author. We describe the algorithm both in terms of dynamics on a system of colored particles and as operations on the dominos themselves.
Understanding via exemplification in XAI: how explaining image classification benefits from exemplars
Authors: Mann Sara 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Artificial intelligent (AI) systems that perform image classification tasks are being used to great success in many application contexts. However, many of these systems are opaque, even to experts. This lack of understanding can be problematic for ethical, legal, or practical reasons. The research field Explainable AI (XAI) has therefore developed several approaches to explain image classifiers. The hope is to bring about understanding, e.g., regarding why certain images are classified as belonging to a particular target class. Most of these approaches use visual explanations. Drawing on Elgin’s work (True enough. MIT Press, Cambridge, 2017), I argue that analyzing what those explanations exemplify can help to assess their suitability for producing understanding. More specifically, I suggest to distinguish between two forms of examples according to their suitability for producing understanding. I call these forms samples and exemplars, respectively. Samples are prone to misinterpretation and thus carry the risk of leading to misunderstanding. Exemplars, by contrast, are intentionally designed or chosen to meet contextual requirements and to mitigate the risk of misinterpretation. They are thus preferable for bringing about understanding. By reviewing several XAI approaches directed at image classifiers, I show that most of them explain with samples. If my analysis is correct, it will be beneficial if such explainability methods use explanations that qualify as exemplars.
Socratic nudges, virtual moral assistants and the problem of autonomy
Authors: Lara Francisco , Rodríguez-López Blanca 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Many of our daily activities are now made more convenient and efficient by virtual assistants, and the day when they can be designed to instruct us in certain skills, such as those needed to make moral judgements, is not far off. In this paper we ask to what extent it would be ethically acceptable for these so-called virtual assistants for moral enhancement to use subtle strategies, known as “nudges”, to influence our decisions. To achieve our goal, we will first characterise nudges in their standard use and discuss the debate they have generated around their possible manipulative character, establishing three conditions of manipulation. Secondly, we ask whether nudges can occur in moral virtual assistants that are not manipulative. After critically analysing some proposed virtual assistants, we argue in favour of one of them, given that by pursuing an open and neutral moral enhancement, it promotes and respects the autonomy of the person as much as possible. Thirdly, we analyse how nudges could enhance the functioning of such an assistant, and evaluate them in terms of their degree of threat to the subject’s autonomy and their level of transparency. Finally, we consider the possibility of using motivational nudges, which not only help us in the formation of moral judgements but also in our moral behaviour.
The sociotechnical entanglement of AI and values
Authors: Johnson Deborah G. , Verdicchio Mario 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Scholarship on embedding values in AI is growing. In what follows, we distinguish two concepts of AI and argue that neither is amenable to values being ‘embedded’. If we think of AI as computational artifacts, then values and AI cannot be added together because they are ontologically distinct. If we think of AI as sociotechnical systems, then components of values and AI are in the same ontologic category—they are both social. However, even here thinking about the relationship as one of ‘embedding’ is a mischaracterization. The relationship between values and AI is best understood as a dimension of the relationship between technology and society, a relationship that can be theorized in multiple ways. The literature in this area is consistent in showing that technology and society are co-productive. Within the co-production framework, the relationship between values and AI is shown to be generative of new meaning. This stands in stark contrast to the framework of ‘embedding’ values which frames values as fixed things that can be inserted into technological artifacts.
Effects of base plate temperature on microstructure evolution and high-temperature mechanical properties of IN718 processed by laser powder bed fusion using simulation and experiment
Authors: Kakehi Koji , Chowdhury Hasina Tabassum , Shinoda Yusuke , Naidu Palleda Thaviti , Kakuta Naoto , Ishisako Shohei 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBase plate preheating is a relatively new strategy to influence the mechanical properties and microstructure of IN718. Base plate preheating was studied to reduce Niobium (Nb) segregation in the interdendritic region of IN718 superalloy and to improve mechanical properties through the laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) process. Here, we compared experimental results for high-temperature (650℃) mechanical properties of specimens built with 200℃ (PH200) and 600℃ (PH600) preheated base plates. The as-built PH200 and PH600 specimens had relatively similar grain morphologies and orientations along the building direction. The PH200 specimen showed a cellular structure and higher Nb segregation at the interdendritic region, whereas the PH600 specimen had a dendritic structure and lower Nb segregation. The lower amount of Nb segregation in the PH600 specimen is mainly because of the cooling rate difference between specimens during the L-PBF process. The PH600 specimen exhibited slightly better tensile properties, longer creep life, and elongation than the PH200 specimen in both the as-built and heat-treated conditions. These differences mainly occurred due to differences in Laves and δ-phase fractions between the PH200 and PH600 specimens. The simulation result indicates that the temperature distribution in the block remains relatively uniform during the building process.
Evaluation of picture change effects on fractional occupation number states in noble gas atoms
Authors: Takashima Chinami , Nakai Hiromi 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn the two-component relativistic density functional theory, the picture change error (PCE), which originates from insufficient transformation of operators, should be corrected. In this study, we examine the PCE in the fractional occupation number (FON) state based on the spin-free infinite-order two-component Hamiltonian. The PCE for the total and orbital energy changes is estimated with respect to the FON electrons of the highest occupied molecular orbital and 1s core orbital in noble gas atoms. PCE is significant in core orbitals in heavy elements but relatively small in light elements and valence orbitals. The delocalization error, which can be represented by the total energy deviation from the behavior of the exact energy, is overestimated by the lack of picture change correction of the two-electron operator and underestimated by that of the density operator. Corresponding to these results, the PCE influences the value of orbital energies and slope of orbital energy change to FON.