bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improved application of the HLLE Riemann solver for the shallow water equations with source terms
Authors: I. Delis A. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractThe present work addresses the numerical prediction of shallow water flows with the application of the HLLE approximate Riemann solver. This Riemann solver has several desirable properties, such as, ease of implementation, satisfaction of entropy conditions, high shock resolution and positivity preservation. A corrected upwind discretization of the source terms is applied, in conjunction with the HLLE solver, following some resent developments presented in the literature. Numerical results are obtained for a series of one‐dimensional test cases by means of the proposed model and compared with analytical solutions or solutions presented in the literature. Strong numerical evidence shows that the proposed model implementation is accurate, robust, conservative and highly stable in capturing strong gradients and discontinuities in transcritical flows, as well as calculating dry areas (vacuum), and is a reliable model for one‐dimensional (steady and unsteady) practical applications in hydraulics engineering. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Numerical solution of steady free‐surface flows by the adjoint optimal shape design method
Authors: van Brummelen E. H. , Segal A. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractNumerical solution of flows that are partially bounded by a freely moving boundary is of great importance in practical applications such as ship hydrodynamics. Free‐boundary problems can be reformulated into optimal shape design problems, which can in principle be solved efficiently by the adjoint method. In this work we investigate the suitability of the adjoint shape optimization method for solving steady free‐surface flows. The asymptotic convergence behaviour of the method is determined for free‐surface flows in 2D and 3D. It is shown that the convergence behaviour depends sensitively on the occurrence of critical modes. The convergence behaviour is moreover shown to be mesh‐width independent, provided that proper preconditioning is applied. Numerical results are presented for 2D flow over an obstacle in a channel. The observed convergence behaviour is indeed mesh‐width independent and conform the derived asymptotic estimates. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Anisotropy and depth‐related heterogeneity of hydraulic conductivity in a bog peat. II: modelling the effects on groundwater flow
Authors: Beckwith Clive W. , Baird Andrew J. , Heathwaite A. Louise 
Published: December 2002

AbstractAnisotropy and heterogeneity of hydraulic conductivity (K) are seldom considered in models of mire hydrology. We investigated the effect of anisotropy and heterogeneity on groundwater flow in bog peat using a steady‐state groundwater model. In five model simulations, four sets of K data were used. The first set comprised measured K values from an anisotropic and heterogeneous bog peat. These data were aggregated to produce the following simplified data sets: an isotropic and heterogeneous distribution of K; an isotropic and homogeneous distribution; and an anisotropic and homogeneous distribution. We demonstrate that, where anisotropy and heterogeneity exist, groundwater flow in bog peat is complex. Fine‐scale variations in K have the potential to influence patterns and rates of groundwater flow. However, for our data at least, it is heterogeneity and not anisotropy that has the greater influence on producing complex patterns of groundwater flow. We also demonstrate that patterns and rates of groundwater flow are simplified and reduced when measured K values are aggregated to create a more uniform distribution of K. For example, when measured K values are aggregated to produce isotropy and homogeneity, the rate of modelled seepage is reduced by 28%. We also show that when measured K values are used, the presence of a drainage ditch can increase seepage through a modelled cross‐section. Our work has implications for the accurate interpretation of hydraulic head data obtained from peat soils, and also the understanding of the effect of drainage ditches on patterns and rates of groundwater flow. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The influence of hydroelectrical development on the flow regime of the karstic river Cetina
Authors: Bonacci Ognjen , Roje‐Bonacci Tanja 
Published: December 2002

AbstractThe Cetina River is a typical karst watercourse in the deep and well‐developed Dinaric karst. The total length of the Cetina River open streamflow from its spring to the mouth is about 105 km. Estimated mean annual rainfall is 1380 mm. The Cetina catchment is built of Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous carbonate strata. The western part of the catchment by the Cetina River is referred to as the ‘direct’ or topographic catchment. It was defined based on surface morphologic forms, by connection between mountain chain peaks. This part of the catchment is almost entirely situated in the Republic of Croatia. The eastern part of the catchment is referred to as the ‘indirect’ catchment, and is mainly situated in Bosnia‐Herzegovina. Water from the ‘indirect’ catchment emerges from the western ‘direct’ catchment in numerous permanent and temporary karst springs. Since 1960, numerous hydrotechnical works have been carried out on the Cetina River and within its catchment. Five hydroelectric power plants (HEPPs), five reservoirs, and three long tunnels and pipelines have been built. Their operation has significantly altered the natural hydrological regime. The Cetina River is divided into two hydrological reaches. In the 65 km upstream, the hydrological regime was redistributed within the year: low flows had increased and high flows had decreased, although the mean annual discharge remained the same. Part of the Cetina watercourse downstream from the Prančevići Reservoir lost the majority of its flow. The mean annual discharges dropped from 100 m3 s−1 to less than 10 m3 s−1 because of the Zakučac HEPP development. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On the standing wave in coupled non‐linear Klein–Gordon equations
Authors: Zhang Jian 
Published: December 2002

AbstractThis paper is concerned with the standing wave in coupled non‐linear Klein–Gordon equations. By an intricate variational argument we establish the existence of standing wave with the ground state. Then we derive out the sharp criterion for blowing up and global existence by applying the potential well argument and the concavity method. We also show the instability of the standing wave. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ab initio and DFT studies for accurate description of van der Waals interaction between rare‐gas atoms
Authors: Kurita Noriyuki , Sekino Hideo 
Published: December 2002

AbstractTo evaluate the accuracy of density functional theory (DFT) for describing van der Waals interaction between rare‐gas atoms, we performed coupled‐cluster theory restricted to single, double, and noniterative triple excitations [CCSD(T)], fourth‐order perturbation theory including single, double, and quadruple substitutions [MP4(SDQ)], and several DFT calculations for He, Ne, Ar, and Kr dimers. The results clarified that (1) CCSD(T) and MP4(SDQ) with an “adjusted” diffuse basis‐set reproduce the experimental trend in binding energies as well as equilibrium distances of these dimers, (2) MP3 and MP2 underestimate the binding energies, (3) Becke's three‐parameter exchange functional and the gradient‐corrected functional of Lee, Yang, and Paar (B3LYP) and B3PW91 completely fail to describe the binding, and (4) Perdew–Wang exchange‐correlation functional (PW91PW91) and its modified ones (MPWPW91 and MPW1PW91) can provide the binding states, although the calculated binding energies cannot reproduce the experimental trend in binding energies. Therefore, we conclude that the above DFT functionals cannot quantitatively describe the van der Waals interaction between rare‐gas atoms and that the Perdew‐Wang–type exchange functional needs further improvement to describe the interaction. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2003
DFT study of methanol conversion to hydrocarbons in a zeolite catalyst
Authors: Andzelm Jan , Govind Niranjan , Fitzgerald George , Maiti Amitesh 
Published: December 2002

AbstractFirst‐principles calculations using the density functional theory code DMol3 were performed to investigate important pathways in the methanol‐to‐gasoline conversion process over zeolite catalysts. Reaction paths and energy barriers involving the CO bond cleavage and the first CC bond formation were explored using all‐electron periodic supercell calculations and newly implemented algorithms for the optimization of intermediates and transition states. The simulations indicate that the formation of surface ylide involves prohibitively high barriers, whereas surface methoxyl species can easily react with methanol to form ethanol. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2003
The use of functional genomics in C. elegans for studying human development and disease
Authors: Kuwabara P. E. , O'Neil N. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractThe 100 MbCaenorhabditis elegansgenome sequence is the first animal genome to be sequenced in its entirety. Many reverse‐genetics tools have been developed to mine the genome sequence and to facilitate the jump between the identification of a gene sequence and the understanding of its function. Here we discuss howC. eleganscan contribute to understanding of the function of genes involved in human development and disease.
Community Coalition Building—Contemporary Practice and Research: Introduction
Authors: Wolff Thomas 
Published: December 2002

AbstractOver the last 20 years, coalition building has become a prominent intervention employed in communities across America. Coalitions provide community psychologists and those in related fields with a chance to work with whole communities and to better understand how to create community change. As we reflect on the past two decades of community coalition building, there are many questions to be answered about this phenomenon. Why has there been such an upsurge in community coalition building activity? What is the impact of this activity? What have we as students of community learned? What are the questions that we need to be asking to improve the effectiveness of coalition building efforts and their evaluation? This set of articles will review the state of the art of community coalition building in both practice and research. The structure of the articles reflects a collaborative process, with multiple contributors from different disciplines, using a variety of formats. Because this is an evolving phenomenon where the questions asked are as important as the lessons learned, many of the major sections include dialogues with community experts from across the country and from multiple fields, including community psychology, public health, political science, public administration, and grassroots organizing.
A Practitioner's Guide to Successful Coalitions
Authors: Wolff Thomas 
Published: December 2002

AbstractThe highly complex practice of building successful community coalitions is explored. Key dimensions related to coalition success are identified and best practices are delineated. Nine dimensions are explored that are critical to coalition success: coalition readiness, intentionality, structure and organizational capacity, taking action, membership, leadership, dollars and resources, relationships, and technical assistance. Two coalition case studies follow the discussion of dimensions and illustrate the journey traveled to create successful community coalitions.
Studying the Outcomes of Community‐Based Coalitions
Authors: Berkowitz Bill 
Published: December 2002

AbstractCommunity‐based coalitions are popular structures for creating community benefits. But desired effects have been reported only for single cases, the overall documented evidence to date for positive coalition outcomes being weak. Methodological obstacles may account for much of the missing evidence, and research possibilities for addressing these obstacles are suggested. Alternative interpretations include the positions that coalitions in general are not effective intervention mechanisms, that traditional scientific methodology is poorly suited for capturing fine‐grained coalition outcomes, and that coalitions and similar collaborative organizations are too complex to be adequately evaluated by the methodology that is now available.
Individual and Contextual Predictors of Involvement in Twelve‐Step Self‐Help Groups After Substance Abuse Treatment
Authors: Mankowski Eric S. , Humphreys Keith , Moos Rudolf H. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractDrawing on ecological and narrative theories of self‐help groups, this study tests a multilevel model predicting self‐help group involvement among male veterans who received inpatient substance abuse treatment. Following K. Maton (1993), the study moves beyond the individual‐level of analysis to encompass variables in the treatment and post‐treatment social ecology. Surveys administered to patients (N = 3,018) and treatment staff (N = 329) assessed these predictor domains and self‐help group involvement 1 year after discharge. A hierarchical linear model fit to the data indicates that greater involvement in 12‐step groups after discharge is predicted by the compatibility between personal and treatment belief systems. The implications of these findings for efforts to facilitate transitions between inpatient professional treatment and community‐based self‐help groups are discussed.
Intermediates of unsaturated fatty acid oxidation are incorporated in triglycerides but not in phospholipids in tissues from patients with mitochondrial β‐oxidation defects
Authors: Onkenhout W. , Venizelos V. , Scholte H. R. , de Klerk J. B. C. , Poorthuis B. J. H. M. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractThe fatty acid composition was determined of liver, skeletal muscle and heart obtained post mortem from patients with medium‐chain acyl‐CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (MCADD), multiple acyl‐CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (MADD) and very long‐chain acyl‐CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (VLCADD). Increased amounts of 4‐decenoic acid 10:1(n−6), 5‐dodecenoic acid 12:1(n−7), 5‐tetradecenoic acid 14:1(n−9), 5,8‐tetradecadienoic acid 14:2(n−6) and 7,10‐hexadecadienoic acid 16:2(n−6)—intermediates of unsaturated fatty acid oxidation—were found. Fractionation into different lipid classes showed that these fatty acids were exclusively present in the triglyceride fraction. They could not be detected in the free fatty acid fraction or in the phospholipid fraction. Our results suggest that intermediates of unsaturated fatty acid oxidation that accumulate as a consequence of MCADD, MADD and VLCADD are transported to the endoplasmic reticulum for esterification into neutral glycerolipids. The pattern of accumulation is characteristic for each disease, which makes fatty acid analysis of total lipid of post‐mortem tissues a useful tool in the detection of mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation defects in patients who died unexpected, for example with sudden infant death syndrome.
Working memory in posttraumatic stress disorder—an event‐related potential study
Authors: Galletly Cherrie , Clark C. Richard , McFarlane Alexander C. , Weber Darren L. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractThis study examined ERP topography during the updating and the utilization of working memory in subjects with PTSD. Event‐related potentials of 18 participants with PTSD and 18 controls were recorded from 32 scalp electrodes during an auditory target detection task requiring the constant updating of target identity. Midline N2 and P3 abnormalities previously noted in PTSD during target detection were replicated. Scalp topographic data revealed sustained reduction in activity over the right hemisphere during working memory updating. Executive processes were associated with brief but widespread right hemisphere reductions during the P3, followed by sustained, bilateral reduction frontally. This study identifies an abnormal pattern of cortical network function during both the updating and use of working memory in PTSD.
Development of a depersonalization severity scale
Authors: Simeon Daphne , Guralnik Orna , Schmeidler James 
Published: December 2002

AbstractOur aim was to develop a clinician‐rated scale assessing depersonalization severity for use in clinical trials of Depersonalization Disorder and trauma‐related disorders in general. The 6‐item Depersonalization Severity Scale (DSS) was administered to 63 participants with DSM‐IV Depersonalization Disorder as diagnosed by the SCID‐D, and its psychometric properties were examined. The sensitivity of the DSS and of the Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES) to treatment change was assessed in blinded, controlled settings. Individual items were widely distributed across the severity range. Interrater reliability was excellent and internal consistency was moderate. The DSS had high convergent and discriminant validity and was sensitive to treatment change. The DES was also sensitive to treatment change. We recommend piloting the DSS in future treatment trials of trauma‐spectrum disorders.
Neonatal hypoglycaemia in severe succinyl‐CoA:3‐oxoacid CoA‐transferase deficiency
Authors: Berry G. T. , Fukao T. , Mitchell G. A. , Mazur A. , Ciafre M. , Gibson J. , Kondo N. , Palmieri M. J. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractSuccinyl‐CoA:3‐oxoacid CoA‐transferase (SCOT) deficiency is an inborn error of ketone body utilization, characterized by intermittent ketoacidotic crises and persistent ketosis. The diagnosis was suspected in a patient who presented with hypoglycaemia, ketoacidosis and coma at 4 days of age. The hypoglycaemic tendency was only observed during the first month of life. A novel macromolecular labelling assay in cultured skin fibroblasts using D‐3‐hydroxy[3‐14C]butyrate supported the diagnosis. Subsequently, 9% residual SCOT activity and undetectable cross‐reactive protein were noted in fibroblasts and the patient was found to be homozygous for the G324E SCOT gene mutation. By 7 years of age, recurrent episodes of ketoacidosis superimposed on persistent hyperketonaemia had resulted in over 25 hospitalizations requiring intravenous fluid, glucose and sodium bicarbonate therapy. He has had normal growth but developmental delay and attention deficit–hyperactivity disorder. A continuous intravenous glucose infusion at 38 μmol (6.8 mg)/kg per min reduced plasma total ketone levels from greater than 1.5 mmol/L to less than 0.5 mmol/L after 48 h. This indicates that patients with SCOT deficiency do not always manifest ketosis with administration of a sufficient amount of carbohydrates, but that even under such conditions hyperketonaemia is difficult to eliminate completely. The presence of hypoglycaemia does not exclude the diagnosis of SCOT deficiency in infancy.
Renal pathological changes in Fabry disease
Authors: Sessa A. , Meroni M. , Battini G. , Maglio A. , Brambilla P. L. , Bertella M. , Nebuloni M. , Pallotti F. , Giordano F. , Bertagnolio B. , Tosoni A. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractFabry disease is a rare X‐linked disorder, characterized by deficient activity of the lysosomal enzyme α‐galactosidase A. This leads to systemic accumulation of the glycosphingolipid globotriaosylceramide (Gb3) in all body tissues and organs, including the kidney. Renal manifestations are less evident in female heterozygotes than in male hemizygotes, according to the Lyon hypothesis. Accumulation of Gb3 occurs mainly in the epithelial cells of Henle's loop and distal tubule, inducing early impairment in renal concentrating ability; involvement of the proximal tubule induces Fanconi syndrome. All types of glomerular cells are involved, especially podocytes, and glomerular proteinuria may occur at a young age. The evolution of renal Fabry disease is characterized by progressive deterioration of renal function to end‐stage renal failure (ESRF). Ultrastructural study of kidney biopsies reveals typical bodies in the cytoplasm of all types of renal cells, characterized byconcentric lamellation of clear and dark layers with a periodicity of 35–50 Å.Management of progressive renal disease requires dietetic and therapeutic strategies, usually indicated in developing chronic renal failure, with dialysis and renal transplantation required for patients with ESRF. The recent development of enzyme replacement therapy, however, should make it possible to prevent or reverse the progressive renal dysfunction associated with Fabry disease.
Novel exon 11 skipping mutation in a patient with glycogen storage disease type IIId
Authors: Sugie H. , Fukuda T. , Ito M. , Sugie Y , Kojoh T. , Nonaka I. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractWe report the molecular genetic abnormalities of a patient with GSD IIId presenting with progressive myopathy and cardiopathy leading to a fatal outcome. We identified two independent deletions including a 4 bp deletion (1117–1120) and a 98 bp deletion (1135–1232) in cDNA. Sequencing of the genomic DNA of the corresponding region revealed a 4 bp deletion in exon 10; however, the other 98 bp deletion corresponding to exon 11, which was deleted in cDNA, was present in genomic DNA. We therefore concluded that skipping of exon 11 occurred in the cDNA of the patient. Intron/exon boundary analysis of the skipped exon 11 revealed no mutation in the consensus splice‐site sequence. If normal splicing had occurred, a stop codon would have appeared within exon 11 due to frameshift mutation. The mechanism of exon skipping observed in our patient is as yet unknown, and it is still not clear whether intraexonal mutation of the preceding exon can influence splice‐site selection. It is possible that a unique exon skipping occurred, preventing the appearance of a stop codon in our patient
Gaucher disease: understanding the molecular pathogenesis of sphingolipidoses
Authors: Cox T. M. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractGaucher disease is a typical lysosomal storage disease, resulting from an inborn deficiency of glucocerebrosidase. This leads to the accumulation of glycolipidsin macrophages, particularly those in the liver, bone marrow, spleen and lung. In addition, disease of the nervous system can arise as a result of the accumulation of endogenous glycosphingolipid metabolites in brain tissue. About 150 mutations of the glucocerebrosidase gene have been identified in patients with Gaucher disease, some of which are predictive of phenotype. However, even patients and siblings with the same mutation, including monozygotic twins, may exhibit marked variability in disease expression and severity, illustrating our lack of understanding of thephenotype–genotype relationship in the sphingolipidoses. Massive organomegaly, particularly of the spleen, is a frequent feature of the disease. Although the liver and spleen may increase greatly in size, the amount of pathological lipid stored in the affected macrophages (Gaucher cells) accounts for less than 2% of the additional tissue mass. It is therefore clear that an inflammatory response occurs in affected individuals and that the clinical phenotype is due to an effect of macrophage storage beyond the physical presence of the Gaucher cells. Factors released by Gaucher cells, including pro‐inflammatory cytokines and perhaps cathepsins, provide a mechanistic link between lysosomal storage and the diverse clinical manifestations of Gaucher disease. Emerging proteomic technology and gene expression profiling should not only improve our understanding of pathogenesis but also offer the prospect of identifying novel biomarkers that can be used as surrogate measures of disease activity and responses to treatment.