bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Randomized clinical trial of brief eclectic psychotherapy for police officers with posttraumatic stress disorder
Authors: Gersons Berthold P. R. , Carlier Ingrid V. E. , Lamberts Regina D. , van der Kolk Bessel A. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractThe authors report on a randomized, controlled clinical trial on the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), comparing manualized psychotherapy to wait‐list control. This is the first study to evaluate Brief Eclectic Psychotherapy (BEP), which combines cognitive–behavioral and psychodynamic approaches within one treatment method. Forty‐two police officers with the diagnosis of PTSD participated in the study; 22 were randomly assigned to the treatment group and 20 to the wait‐list control group. Assessments of PTSD and comorbid conditions were made 1 week before treatment, after treatment session 4, upon termination of treatment (16 sessions), and at follow‐up 3 months later. As expected, no significant differences between groups were observed at pretest or at session 4. At posttest and at follow‐up, BEP had produced significant improvement in PTSD, in work resumption, and in some comorbid conditions.
Accident cognitions and subsequent psychological trauma
Authors: Jeavons Sue , Greenwood Kenneth M. , de L. Horne David J. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractThis study used a sample of 72 consecutive attendees to hospital following motor vehicle accidents. It aimed to assess the relationship between demographic variables, details of the accident and cognitions about the accident recorded soon afterward, and degree of psychological trauma 3 and 6 months later. Psychological trauma was assessed using the General Health Questionnaire, Impact of Event Scale, and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Interview. A structured interview was used to gain information about demographic, accident, and accident cognition variables. Results showed that initial cognitions such as perceived threat to life, rather than demographic or accident variables, had the strongest relationships to subsequent trauma.
Mental health service utilization by victims of crime
Authors: New Michelle , Berliner Lucy 
Published: December 2002

AbstractRecords of 318 adult and 608 child victims of crime, eligible for Crime Victims Compensation (CVC) in Washington State, were examined. Demographic, crime, and mental health information wax collected. A majority of child victims had experienced sexual assault (88% ); adults were victims of both sexual (38%) and physical assault (40%). The median number of mental health sessions used by children was 23 sessions, at an average cost of $975 per case to the CVC program. Adults used a median of 15 mental health sessions at a cost of $905. Patterns of treatment utilization were associated with some demographic, crime, and psychological variables. Sexual‐assault and PTSD diagnosis were associated with greater use for both children and adults. Therapist variables were unrelated to use. Findings are discussed in light of concerns about coverage of mental health services.
The relationship among personality variables, exposure to traumatic events, and severity of posttraumatic stress symptoms
Authors: Lauterbach  , Vrana Scott 
Published: December 2002

AbstractIn examining predictors of posttraumatic stress, researchers have focused on trauma intensity and devoted less attention to other variables. This study examined how personality and demographic variables are related to the likelihood of experiencing a trauma, and to the severity of posttraumatic symptoms in a sample of 402 college students reporting a wide range of trauma. Elevations in antisocial and borderline traits were significant predictors of retraumatization, accounting for 12% of the variance. Personality variables and trauma intensity were significant predictors of PTSD severity, accounting for 43% of the variance. Neuroticism interacted with trauma intensity in predicting Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) severity. Among persons low in Neuroticism, there was a modest trauma intensity—PTSD relationship, whereas among persons high in neuroticism there was a strong relationship.
Consequences of childhood abuse among male psychiatric inpatients: Dual roles as victims and perpetrators
Authors: Cloitre Marylene , Tardiff Kenneth , Marzuk Peter M. , Leon Andrew C. , Portera Laura 
Published: December 2002

AbstractThe relationship between retrospective self‐reports of childhood abuse and subsequent interpersonal violence was assessed among 354 consecutive male inpatient admissions. Three logistic regressions revealed that, controlling for sociodemo‐graphic and diagnostic variables, the association between childhood abuse and three mutually exclusive adult negative outcomes were as follows: (1) being a perpetrator of violence (Odds Ratio [OR] = ns), (2) being a victim of violence (OR = 2.5), and (3) being a perpetrator and victim (OR = 4.9). The results suggest that, among men with significant psychiatric impairments and childhood abuse, rates of adult victimization are high, and the most frequent negative outcome reflects involvement in dual roles of perpetrator and victim. The possible dynamics of this relationship are discussed.
Qualitative Cancer Genetic Counseling Research, Part II: Findings from a Exploratory Ethnographic Study in a Cancer Clinic
Authors: Peters June A. , McAllister Carol L. , Rubinstein Wendy S. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractThis is a report of the preliminary findings of a brief exploratory ethnographic study in a cancer diagnosis and treatment clinic. The main research purpose was to explore the meaning of cancer and cancer treatment to patients themselves and to their relatives and close friends. The methods are described in detail in a paper focusing on the experiences of being a novice ethnographer (Peters et al. (2001) J Genet Counsel 10(2):133–150.). The preliminary results of this exploratory fieldwork indicate that the experience of attending a cancer treatment clinic for evaluation and/or treatment is a complex social, emotional as well as medical process for patients and families. Themes with relevance to genetic counselors that emerged from this early observation period included ideas about causes of cancer, the complex nature of families and kinship, coping and support, use of food, and healing. These initial findings have implications for genetic counseling practice and hopefully will stimulate more qualitative social and behavioral research in cancer genetic counseling.
Qualitative Cancer Genetic Counseling Research, Part I: Ethnography in a Cancer Clinic
Authors: Peters June A. , McAllister Carol L. , Rubinstein Wendy S. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractThis is a report of the experience of several months' ethnographic research by a genetic counselor researcher in a cancer treatment clinic. One goal of the exercise was to directly experience a method of qualitative research known as ethnography, which relies heavily on participant‐observation, in an applied clinical setting. Another goal was to explore a previously undescribed research area in the genetic counseling literature, namely, the meaning of cancer and cancer treatment for affected individuals and their support companions. Here we report on a personal account of the experiences of conducting and publishing the research. The preliminary analysis and results of this field experience are published elsewhere (Peters et al. (2001) J Genet Counsel 10(2):151–168.). These initial findings support the feasibility of genetic counselors, who are trained in specific social science methodologies, to conduct qualitative research pertinent to genetic counseling practice.
The Role of Expectations in Effective Genetic Counseling
Authors: Jay Lisa R. , Afifi Walid A. , Samter Wendy 
Published: December 2002

AbstractThe goals for this investigation were to assess individuals' expectations for social support from genetic counselors, and to explore how these expectations influence perceptions of genetic counselor effectiveness. Two studies were conducted to address these goals. Results from the first study show that individuals most frequently expect genetic counselors to provide options and support following the disclosure of distressing test results, while data from the second study demonstrate that expectations play a significant role in individuals' assessment of genetic counselor effectiveness. These findings shed light on what individuals expect from genetic counselors following the disclosure of medically positive test results and inform how these expectations influence the success of genetic counseling sessions.
A Survey of Genetic Counselors' Use of Informed Consent Documents for Prenatal Genetic Counseling Sessions
Authors: Jacobson Gretchen M. , Veach Patricia McCarthy , LeRoy Bonnie S. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractThirty six members of the Prenatal Diagnosis Special Interest Group of the National Society of Genetic Counselors were interviewed about their use of informed consent documents for the genetic counseling component of their prenatal genetic counseling sessions and their perceptions of the utility and feasibility of such documents. Major findings include (1) None of the genetic counselors currently used a consent document describing the genetic counseling component of the session itself; (2) Only three participants stated that they had ever used an informed consent document for this component of the session; (3) They disagreed about the importance and usefulness of such a document; (4) There was variability in their reported likelihood of using a document if one were available; (5) There was a fair amount of agreement about the types of information to include on an informed consent document for genetic counseling; over half of the sample endorsed 8 of 10 topics; and (6) Participants identified 10 obstacles to using such a document. Recommendations for genetic counseling practice, policy, and research are given.
Prevalence of personality disorders among combat veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder
Authors: Bollinger Andreas R. , Riggs David S. , Blake Dudley D. , Ruzek Josef I. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractMany combat veterans with PTSD have co‐occurring symptoms of other forms of psychopathology; however, there have been limited studies examining personality disorders among this population. The few extant studies typically have assessed only two or three personality disorders or examined a small sample, resulting in an incomplete picture and scope of comorbidity. This study assessed all DSM‐III‐R personality disorders in 107 veterans in a specialized, inpatient unit. Using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM‐III‐R Personality Disorders, 79.4% of the participants were diagnosed with at least one personality disorder: 29.9% received only one diagnosis, 2l.5% had two, 15.9% had three, and 12.1% had four or more. The most frequent single diagnoses were Avoidant (47.2%), Paranoid (46.2%), Obsessive‐Compulsive (28.3%), and Antisocial (15.1%) personality disorders.
Assault, PTSD, family substance use, and depression as risk factors for cigarette use in youth: Findings from the national survey of adolescents
Authors: Acierno Ron , Kilpatrick Dean G. , Resnick Heidi , Saunders Benjamin , De Arellano Michael , Best Connie 
Published: December 2002

AbstractA national household probability sample of 4,023 adolescents aged 12 to 17 years was surveyed by telephone via structured clinical interview to determine the impact of familial substance use, sexual and physical assault, witnessed violence, depression and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) on risk of smoking. Results indicated that familial substance use increased risk of smoking only for boys and sexual assault or depression increased risk of smoking only for girls. Age, Caucasian ethnicity, and experiencing physical assault or witnessing violence elevated risk of current cigarette use for both genders. By contrast, PTSD per se was not associated with increased risk of smoking, after the effects of other variables were controlled.
Ataque de nervios and history of childhood trauma
Authors: Schechter Daniel S. , Marshall Randall , Salmán Ester , Goetz Deborah , Davies Sharon , Liebowitz Michael R. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractObjective: Ataque de nervios is a common, self‐labeled Hispanic folk diagnosis. It typically describes episodic, dramatic outbursts of negative emotion in response to a stressor, sometimes involving destructive behavior. Dissociation and affective dysregulation during such episodes suggested a link to childhood trauma. We therefore assessed psychiatric diagnoses, history of ataque, and childhood trauma in treatment‐seeking Hispanic outpatients (N = 70). Significantly more subjects with an anxiety or affective disorder plus ataque reported a history of physical abuse, sexual abuse, and/or or a substance‐abusing caretaker than those with psychiatric disorder but no ataque. In some Hispanic individuals, ataque may represent a culturally sanctioned expression of extreme affect dysregulation associated with childhood trauma. Patients with ataque de nervios should receive a thorough traumatic history assessment.
Trauma symptoms in bone marrow transplant survivors: The role of nonmedical life events
Authors: Duhamel Katherine N. , Smith Meredith Y. , Vickberg Suzanne M. Johnson , Papadopoulos Esperanza , Ostroff Jamie , Winkel Gary , Manne Sharon , Redd William H. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractThis cross‐sectional study investigated the association of trauma‐related symptomatology and recent life events in cancer survivors following bone marrow transplantation (BMT). One hundred adults averaging 4.4 years post‐BMT were interviewed. Participants reported their trauma‐related symptomatology regarding cancer and its treatment as well as the number and valence of recent life events. Results indicated that the more negative life events a person experienced, the greater his/her trauma‐related symptomatology. The association of traumarelated symptomatology with positive events varied by the individuals' level of physical functioning. For individuals with poorer physical functioning, higher levels of trauma‐related symptomatology were associated with a greater number of positive events, suggesting the greater vulnerability of these individuals to any type of change in their life.
Health problems among Latin‐American and Middle‐Eastern refugees in the Netherlands: Relations with violence exposure and ongoing sociopsychological strain
Authors: Hondius Adger J. K. , van Willigen Loes H. M. , Kleijn Wim Chr. , van der Ploeg Henk M. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractIn two studies (n = 480; n = 156), the health problems (somatic, psychological, and migration‐related complaints) of refugees were examined, in relation to violence, demographic, and asylum variables (ongoing sociopsychological strain). High frequencies for torture events and a substantial number of medical complaints were reported, but few cases of diagnosable Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) were identified (Study I: 6%; Study II: 11%). Not only reported violence, but also the current social situation contributed to the experiencing of ongoing health complaints. Refugees attributed their somatic and psychological complaints to illness (48%) and to torture (29%) and psychological complaints, in particular, to worries related to the postmigration situation (40%). Paying attention only to health complaints and to past violent experiences is too limited an approach in responding to the needs of refugees.
Trauma severity and initial reactions as precipitating factors for posttraumatic stress symptoms and chronic dissociation in former political prisoners
Authors: Maercker Andreas , Beauducel André , Schützwohl Matthias 
Published: December 2002

AbstractThis study explores the relationships among trauma severity, initial trauma reactions, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, and dissociation in a group of 98 former East‐German political prisoners. Trauma severity and initial reactions were assessed using a persecution checklist and a coping process questionnaire. PTSD symptoms were assessed through a structured clinical interview. Chronic dissociation was evaluted using the Dissociative Experiences Scale. The two assumptions of the study were confirmed by structural equation modeling: (I) Lifetime PTSD symptoms were predominantly predicted by initial reactions to trauma and (2) chronic dissociation was predominantly predicted by trauma severity. The first finding is discussed in relation to the participants' initial trauma processing. The second finding is discussed especially in the context of trauma duration and dissociation‐prone coping attempts. Limitations concerning the long‐term interval between traumatization and data collection are discussed.
A preliminary investigation of the role of strategic withholding of emotions in PTSD
Authors: Roemer Lizabeth , Litz Brett T. , Orsillo Susan M. , Wagner Amy W. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractIndividuals with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) experience deficits in emotional responding, yet to date these deficits have been poorly understood. This study is an initial investigation of the role of strategic, intentional withholding of emotional responses among individuals with PTSD. In a sample of 61 combat veterans, veterans with PTSD reported significantly more frequent and intense withholding of their emotional responses than did combat veterans without PTSD. The tendency to withhold emotional responses was associated with PTSD, beyond measures of comorbid distress. The implications of these findings for future research and interventions aimed at deficits in emotional responding are discussed.
Prenatal Diagnosis for Inherited Deafness—What is the Potential Demand?
Authors: Middleton Anna , Hewison Jenny , Mueller Robert 
Published: December 2002

AbstractGenetic testing for inherited deafness is now available within some genetics centres. This study used a structured questionnaire to assess the potential uptake of prenatal diagnosis (PND) for inherited deafness, and document the opinions of deaf and hearing individuals toward PND and termination of pregnancy (TOP) for hearing status. Participants were self‐selected from the whole of the UK, of whom 644 were deaf, 143 were hard of hearing or deafened, and 527 were hearing individuals who had either a deaf parent or child. The results showed that 21% of deaf, 39% of hard of hearing and deafened, and 49% of hearing participants said they would consider PND for deafness. Six percent of deaf, 11% of hard of hearing and deafened, and 16% of hearing participants said they would consider a TOP if the fetus was found to be deaf. Two percent of deaf participants said they would prefer to have deaf children and would consider a TOP if the fetus was found to be hearing.
Genetic Counseling for Fragile X Syndrome: Recommendations of the National Society of Genetic Counselors
Authors: McIntosh Nathalie , Gane Louise W. , McConkie‐Rosell Allyn , Bennett Robin L. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractThe National Society of Genetic Counselors' (NSGC) recommendations for fragile X syndrome (FXS) genetic counseling are intended to assist health care professionals who provide genetic counseling for individuals and families in whom the diagnosis of FXS is strongly suspected or has been made. The recommendations are the opinions of genetic counselors with expertise in FXS counseling and are based on clinical experience, a review of pertinent English language medical articles, and reports of expert committees. These recommendations should not be construed as dictating an exclusive course of management, nor does use of such recommendations guarantee a particular outcome. These recommendations do not displace a health care provider's professional judgment based on the clinical circumstances of a particular client.
Symptom structure of PTSD following breast cancer
Authors: Cordova Matthew J. , Studts Jamie L. , Hann Danette M. , Jacobsen Paul B. , Andrykowski Michael A. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractIdentification of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms and diagnoses in survivors of cancer is a growing area of research, but no published data exist regarding the symptom structure of PTSD in survivors of malignant disease. Findings from investigations of the PTSD symptom structure in other trauma populations have been inconsistent and have not been concordant with the reexperiencing, avoidance/numbing, and arousal symptom clusters specified in DSM‐IV. The present study employed confirmatory factor analysis to evaluate the extent to which the implied second‐order factor structure of PTSD was replicated in a sample of 142 breast cancer survivors. PTSD symptoms were measured using the PTSD Checklist—Civilian Version (PCL‐C). Fit indices reflected a moderate fit of the symptom structure implied by the DSM‐IV. These findings provide some tentative support for the DSM‐IV clustering of PTSD symptoms and for the validity of cancer‐related PTSD.
Dimensional analysis of the impact of event scale using structural equation modeling
Authors: Larsson Gerry 
Published: December 2002

AbstractThe dimensionality of the Impact of Event Scale (IES) wax analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM). Responses from 321 individuals (62% response) who had experienced a mass murder of seven people 8 months earlier were obtained. A model with a general factor and three subordinate specific factors—Intrusiveness, Avoidance, and Sleep Disturbance—was developed. Scores on the original IES subscales and the SEM factors were related to scores on the General Health Questionnaire. It was concluded that the original subscales could, to a certain degree, be regarded as a reflection of negative affectivity. A more differentiated pattern emerged using the specific latent variables from the SEM analysis.
Predictors of emotional numbing, revisited: A replication and extension
Authors: Flack William F. , Litz Brett T. , Hsieh Frank Y. , Kaloupek Danny G. , Keane Terence M. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractLitz et al. (1997), theorizing that emotional numbing (EN) is the result of emotional depletion caused by chronic hyperarousal, demonstrated that a cluster of hyperarousal symptoms was a robust predictor of EN symptoms. In the present study, these findings were replicated and extended in two multiple regression analyses of data from a large, multisite investigation (T. M. Keane et al., 1998) of psychophysiological responding by male combat veterans. The arousal (D) cluster of symptoms was again the most robust predictor of EN symptoms, whereas physiological indices of arousal and reactivity accounted for negligible amounts of variance in both regression equations. These findings underscore the possible link between disturbances related to arousal and the capacity of traumatized individuals to express and experience pleasant feelings.
Sex differences in symptoms of posttraumatic stress: Does culture play a role?
Authors: Norris Fran H. , Perilla Julia L. , Ibañez Gladys E. , Murphy Arthur D. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractIf gender differences in posttraumatic stress disorder follow from culturally‐defined roles and rules, they should be greater in societies that foster traditional views of masculinity and femininity than in societies that adhere to these traditions less rigidly. Data were collected 6 months after Hurricanes Paulina (Acapulco; N = 200) and Andrew (Miami; White n = 135; Black n = 135). In regression analyses predicting scores on the Revised Civilian Mississippi Scale, Sex × Cultural Group interactions emerged for the total scale and for subscales of Intrusion, Avoidance, and Remorse. Only a sex main effect (women higher) emerged for Arousal. Overall, the results indicated that Mexican culture amplified, whereas African American culture attenuated, differences in the posttraumatic stress of male and female disaster victims.