bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Causes of late-presenting developmental dislocation of the hip beyond 12 months of age: A pilot study
Authors: Johari Ashok N. , Pandey Ritesh Arvind , Mahapatra Sudhir Kumar , John Bobby 
Published: November 2023

Background & objectives:
Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH), when detected early, can usually be managed effectively by simple methods. A delayed diagnosis often makes it a complex condition to treat. Late presentation of DDH is fairly common in developing countries, and there is scarcity of literature regarding the epidemiology and reason for late presentation. Through this study, we attempted to identify the reasons for late presentation of DDH in children more than 12 months of age.

Methods:
Fifty four children with typical DDH and frank dislocation of hip in whom treatment was delayed for 12 months or more were included. Parents were interviewed with a pre-structured questionnaire and data were collected for analysis with Microsoft Excel 2016 and SPSS version 26.

Results:
Diagnostic delay was the most common reason for late presentation and was observed in 52 children (96.2%). The mean age at diagnosis was 24.7 months. The mean age at treatment was 37.3 months with a mean delay of 12.5 months from diagnosis and 22.1 months from initial suspicion. Physician-related factors contributed 55.3 per cent, while family and social issues accounted for 44.7 per cent of overall reasons for diagnostic and treatment delays.

Interpretation & conclusions:
Late presentation of DDH in walking age is common. Physician- and family-related factors accounted for most of these cases. Failure or inadequate hip screening at birth by the attending physician is a common reason for late diagnosis. The family members were unaware about the disorder and developed suspicion once child started walking with an abnormal gait.
Profit, Tradition, and African Wildlife: Examining Animal Commodification Through Eco-Bio-Communitarianism
Authors: Turner Carla 
Published: November 2023

In Southern Africa, there exists a large-scale commodification of fauna, extending to the utilisation of animals in traditional medicine. In South Africa alone, 1,175 documented cases of rhinoceros poaching transpired in a single annum, and analogously, an estimated 100,000 pangolins are smuggled from there to Asia annually. These and myriad other species, whether intact, in part, or processed into medicaments, are vented either in their country of origin for application in traditional medicine or exported illicitly across the globe for similar purposes. In this paper, I posit that this large-scale commodification conflicts with a relational African environmental ethic. To substantiate this claim, I consider two cardinal concepts in African ecological ethics, which will illuminate how animals should be utilised and considered morally. Firstly, the Shona concept of Ukama employs Felix Murove’s exegesis. Secondly, I explore eco-bio- communitarianism, precisely the Nso worldview of Godfrey Tangwa. Upon applying these concepts to the utilisation of fauna in traditional medicine by traditional healers and to the current largescale commercial exploitation of animals in conventional medicine, this thesis concludes that only the profit-driven use opposes an African environmental ethic.
Susceptibility of Solanum melongena L/Solanaceae to Drought at Different Growth Stages
Authors: Dare OLOWOLAJU Ezekiel , Abiodun ADEJUMO Mutairu , Mary POPOOLA Kehinde , Olarewaju OKUNLOLA Gideon 
Published: November 2023

The study on the susceptibility of Solanum melongena to drought at different growth stages was conducted in the 2019 and 2020 growing seasons. S. melongena is one of the most relevant agricultural crops in the tropics and subtropical regions of Africa. However, drought has a significant effect on the rate of growth and fruit yield of the crop. However, the growth stage at which S. melongena is vulnerable to the effect of drought needs detailed research and clarification which is the focus of this study. Key morphological traits such as shoot height, number of leaves and branches, and leaf area and water-related physiological indices such as leaf area ratio, net assimilation rate, root shoot ratio, tissue water content including aboveground biomass, leaf relative water content, chlorophyll pigments, osmolytes accumulation, and antioxidants were observed and measured to find the effect of drought at different growth level. The result revealed that the morphological traits, water-related physiological indices, aboveground biomass, leaf relative water content, photosynthetic pigments, antioxidants such as alkaloids and flavonoids of S. melongena were drastically reduced under drought throughout the growth period, associated with vegetative, flowering, and fruiting stage. Osmolytes such as phenol and proline were more enhanced. Across the growth stages, S. melongena subjected to drought at the vegetative stage has exhibited the lowest performance in the measured parameters and has the lowest critical value. S. melongena at the vegetative stage was more vulnerable to drought than the flowering and fruiting stage. Susceptibility to drought of the crop at the vegetative stage can lead to poor growth and yielding.
A linear model-based simulation tool for estimating number of trials needed for upper limb stroke recovery in a given rehabilitation session
Authors: Faremi B.E. , Ayodele K.P. , Jubril A.M. , Fakunle A.A. , Olaogun M.O.B. , Fawale M.B. , Komolafe M.A. 
Published: November 2023

Traditional methods for assessing upper-limb functional outcomes in stroke patients often fail to estimate the number of trials required to achieve performance stability of a chosen kinematic metric. Limited non-model-based studies have attempted to tackle this issue. To bridge this gap, this study utilized an iterative learning algorithm (ILA) in MATLAB, employing linear models to represent the muscle dynamics and forearm extension of impaired patients. The reference task space trajectory was set as a straight-line point-point trajectory within a range of 0 - 0.2828m. By using the root mean square error (RMSE) as a metric for evaluating kinematic accuracy, a maximum kinematic deviation error of 0.01m was imposed with respect to the trajectory by the (ILA). Results indicate that over 16 trials, performance stability was obtained with improvement in deviation error from 0.0168m in the first trial to 0.0060 at sixteen trials. The result obtained is in line with similar non-model studies and our findings inform the potential of ILAs with linear models for estimation of trial numbers required to attain performance stability of a selected kinematic metric (i.e., kinematic accuracy).
Groundwater quality assessment of aba urban area
Authors: Uwaoma B. , Ibearugbulem O.M. 
Published: November 2023

This work presents groundwater quality assessment of Aba Urban area and its sources of Contaminants within Aba Urban Area. Aba area was divided into nine parts using a 3x3 grid. Water samples were taken from each of these 9 parts of Aba. Five water samples were taken from household boreholes while four samples were taken from boreholes drilled and cased at the remaining four parts in the course of carrying out this research. Site and laboratory tests were conducted to determine the values water parameters in the samples. The parameters analysed in the laboratory include the Phosphate, ammonium, Lead, cadmium, Manganese, Copper, Mercury, Chromium, and magnesium, Electric conductivity (EC), Dissolved oxygen (DO), Total dissolved solid (TDS), Acidity, Turbidity, Alkalinity, oxidation- reduction potential (ORP), Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and E-Coli. It was discovered that more than 75% of the water samples are contaminated by EColi. Umuagu sample has Manganese value of 0.775mg/l. This more than the limiting value of 0.4mg/l. The values 252, 524 and 472 mg/l of Magnesium in samples from Estate, Abia Polytechnic and Osisio Ngwa respectively are more than the limiting value of 150mg/l. The DO (mg/l) values of 6,4 and 9 from Ariaria Junction and Abia Polytechnic are outside the range limiting of 6.5mg/l – 8.0 mg/l. The values of TDS, ORP and BOD recorded in all the samples are below the limiting values of 600 mg/l, 357 mV and 1mg/l respectively.
Chemical and mineralogical properties of Lejja Nsukka iron ore deposits
Authors: Dutsun A.M. , Odo J.U. , Emene A.U. , Muriana R.A. , Jiya J. 
Published: November 2023

The ore deposits obtained from Dunoka, Amankwo and Umuakpo in Lejja Nsukka were found to be iron silicate in nature. They were analysedby XRD, XRF, AAS and the ores were found to contain 60.59% Fe, 64.81%Fe and 64.67%Fe respectively. These ores when compared to those iron ore producing nations, they were classified as medium-grade iron ore. Other elements like titanium, magnesium and manganese were present and could be mined for commercial use. Chemical analysis of the ore samples showed that traces of phosphorous of ≤ 0.0079% and were free from the deleterious elements, sulphur and arsenic.
Effect of gold nanocomposite bearing HIF-1α siRNA on radiotherapy in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell
Authors: Zhang Haosheng , Zhou Fangzheng 
Published: November 2023

Purpose: To investigate the effect of gold nanocomposite carrying hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) siRNA on radiosensitivity of nasopharynx cancer (NPC) cells.
Methods: Gold nanocomposite (AuNRs-(PEI-PEG)/RGD) or (AuPPR) was first synthesized and its cytotoxicity was evaluated. Then, the expression of HIF-1α in hypoxic NPC cells was assessed. In addition, the radiation sensitivity of AuPPR bearing HIF-1α siRNA on the cells was examined under xray exposure.
Result: Gold nanocomposite (AuPPR) carrying HIF-1α siRNA (AuPPR-HIF-1α siRNA) significantly down-regulated HIF-1α expression. Under irradiation treatment, AuPPR-HIF-1α siRNA significantly enhanced apoptosis of NPC cells by 33.76 ± 3.65 %, when compared to the control and simple AuPPR group (22.5 ± 4.16 %, p < 0.01). Furthermore, cell cycle was significantly blocked in the sub-G1 phase in AuPPR-HIF-1α siRNA radiotherapy groups, indicating severe cell damage.
Conclusion: This study has demonstrated that AuPPR-HIF-1α siRNA is effective in improving the radiosensitivity of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells under hypoxia, and therefore can potentially be used to improve the radiotherapy of this carcinoma
Alkaloids from <i>Peganum harmala</i> attenuated contractile responses of vascular smooth muscle cells
Authors: Al-Essa Mohamed K. , Alefishat Eman , AbuHamdah Sawsan , Al-Muhtaseb Mohammed H. , Badran Darwish H. , Wahbi Mhd Tareq , Altaweel Rima , Shatarat Amjad T. 
Published: November 2023

Purpose: To investigate the contractile responses of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) to spasmogens after incubation with harmaline, harmine, and harmalol, which are alkaloids obtained from Peganum harmala L., a member of the Zygophyllaceae family.
Methods: Contractile responses of VSMCs to norepinephrine (NE; 1 µmol/L) and potassium chloride (KCl; 60 mmol/L) were recorded in rat aortic ring preparations pre-incubated with 0.5, 1, 5 and 10 µmol/L of each alkaloid for 15 min. Responses were expressed as mean values of contractions in incubated preparations, relative to the recorded tension prior to treatment with alkaloids.
Results: Pre- incubation with harmaline at concentration of 10 µmol/L significantly reduced contractile responses to NE by 69.0 ± 3.0 % (p < 0.00002), and decreased KCl-induced contraction by 34.0 ± 9.0 % (p < 0.05). Harmalol was the most effective in inhibiting contractions to KCl (48.0 ± 9.0 %, p < 0.01). However, harmalol produced relatively moderate inhibitory effects on NE-induced contractions (46.0 ± 4.0 %, p < 0.005), followed by harmine (52.0 ± 8.0 %, p < 0.02), but it did not significantly affect contractile responses to KCl.
Conclusion: These results highlight the differential effects of pre-incubation with alkaloids from P. harmala and their potential effects on the prevention of VSMC spasms induced by either chemicals or stimuli that change the membrane potential.
Efficacy of phentolamine combined with milrinone on severe pneumonia in children, and its effect on serum levels of MMP-9, TIMP-1 and sICAM-1
Authors: Chen Jianbiao , Lv Hualong , Liang Zhimian 
Published: November 2023

Purpose: To investigate the effect of the co-administration of phentolamine and milrinone on severe pneumonia in children, as well as on serum MMP-9, TIMP-1 and sICAM-1 levels.
Methods: From January 2021 to January 2022, 100 patients diagnosed with severe pneumonia were randomly divided into 2 groups; the control group received oxygen inhalation and other symptomatic treatment, while the study group received phentolamine concurrently with milrinone, Serum MMP-9, TIMP-1, sICAM-1 levels and clinical efficacy were determined in the two groups before and after treatment.
Results: After treatment, there were significant differences in IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α levels between the study group and the control group. Furthermore, IgA, IgG, and IgM levels in both groups were significantly higher after treatment than before treatment (p < 0.05). The study group exhibited significant differences in MMP-9, TIMP-1, and sICAM-1 levels after treatment compared to control group (p < 0.05). Healing and therapeutic effectiveness in the study group was 76 %, which was significantly greater than in the control group (48 %; p = 0.000). Additionally, total treatment effectiveness in the study group was 92 %, which was significantly higher than in the control group (80 %; p = 0.015). After treatment, the PEF, FRC, and TEF25 % in the study group were significantly higher than in the control group (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: Co-administration of phentolamine and milrinone is highly effective for the treatment of severe pneumonia in children, and significantly reduces the levels of serum MMP-9, TIMP-1 and sICAM-1. However, multi-center clinical trials should be carried out prior to the adoption of this treatment mode in clinical practice.
Efficacy of diquafosol sodium combined with M22 optimized pulsed light in the treatment of dry eye due to meibomian gland dysfunction
Authors: Huang Xiaodan , Wang Degui , Lin Dusheng , Zhou Zhaotao 
Published: November 2023

Purpose: To determine the efficacy and safety of 3 % diquafosol sodium combined with M22 optimized pulse light (OPT) in the treatment of dry eye due to meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD).
Methods: Data from 97 dry eye patients admitted to Shantou Balder Eye Hospital with MGD-induced dry eye illness between August 2019 and June 2021 were retrospectively reviewed and analyzed. Patients meeting MGD diagnostic criteria in ophthalmology and exhibiting MGD-induced dry eye signs were split into two groups. The medication group (43 cases) received 3 % diquafosol sodium eye drops six times a day for three months, while the pulsed light group (44 cases) underwent three M22 OPT sessions at one-month intervals. Treatment efficacy of the two methods were compared by assessing changes in ocular surface, symptom severity, inflammatory factors (hs-CRP, IL-8, IL-1β), and quality of life before and three months after treatment commenced. Adverse reactions were also recorded.
Results: Pulsed light group showed a slightly higher (but not significant) total effective rate (95.45 %) than the medication group (93.02 %; p > 0.05). Three months post-treatment, both groups exhibited significant improvements in various indicators such as FL, OSDI, symptom scores, tear biomarker levels, and overall eye health (p < 0.05). The incidence of adverse reactions was similar between the medication (4.65 %) and pulsed light (9.09 %) groups.
Conclusion: Treatment with 3 % diquafosol sodium and M22 OPT for MGD-induced dry eye yields comparable efficacy and safety, improving symptoms, ocular surface function, reducing inflammation, and enhancing quality of life. However, 3 % diquafosol sodium shows better patient tolerance and fewer adverse reactions, but further research is needed due to the limited number of patients in this study.
Oxaliplatin regulates the autophagy of skin squamous cell carcinoma cell line through HMGB1 pathway
Authors: Han Lei , Wang Jing , Xia Yu , Maio Jinping , Cao Juan 
Published: November 2023

Purpose: To determine the influence of oxaliplatin on skin squamous cell carcinoma cell line, and the involvement of autophagy- regulating pathway of high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) in the process.
Methods: A431 cells cultured in vitro were used. The cells were divided into groups A (treated with different concentrations of oxaliplatin) and B (treated with different concentrations of oxaliplatin combined with autophagy inhibitor 5 mmol/l3-ma). Changes in expression levels of autophagy marker molecules LC3-Ⅰ, LC3-Ⅱ, p62 and HMGB1 in A431 cells treated with different concentrations of oxaliplatin and different concentrations of HMGB1 were evaluated by Western blotting. Viability of A431 cells in both groups was assessed by CCK-8 assay.
Results: With increase in oxaliplatin concentration, LC3-Ⅱ levels in A431 cells were up-regulated, p62 expression decreased, while autophagy level was increased significantly (p < 0.05). With increase in HMGB1 protein concentration, LC3-Ⅱ level in A431 cells was raised, while p62 level was reduced, while the level of autophagy was significantly increased (p < 0.05). Oxaliplatin treatment led to significantly higher expression level of HMGB1 in the experimental group than in the control group without oxaliplatin treatment. The viability of oxaliplatin-treated group was dose-dependently and significantly lower (p < 0.05) than that of the control group. Compared with the control group, the cell viability of the 3-mA + oxaliplatin group also showed a downward trend, and the decrease was greater than that of oxaliplatin-treated group (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: Oxaliplatin upregulates autophagy by promoting HMGB1 protein expression, which may be a protective mechanism of tumor cells against oxaliplatin cytotoxicity thereby making HMGB1 protein a potential target in skin cancer therapy.
PENGEMBANGAN LKPD MELALUI MODEL RECIPROCAL TEACHING UNTUK MENSTIMULASI PEMAHAMAN KONSEP MATERI DETERMINAN MATRIKS XI SMK
Authors: Amelia Ananda Rizky , T. Ahmad Yani , Noviani Evi 
Published: November 2023

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to develop LKPD through a reciprocal teaching model to stimulate conceptual understanding of the determinant matrix material for class XI SMK. Students who are in class XI Nautika SMK Negeri 9 Pontianak are the subjects in this study. RD is a form of this research. The LKPD development procedure is adapted to the Borg Gall model, from the information gathering and research stage to the operational product revision stage. The results showed that the LKPD through the reciprocal teaching model obtained an average eligibility of 77.85% with appropriate criteria. The results of student learning outcomes in the conceptual understanding test are 18 students or 100% who achieve the maximum completeness score. The results of the student response questionnaire the LKPD through the reciprocal teaching model in the initial and main trials obtained an average percentage of 93.68% and 94.91% with very high criteria.Keywords: Concept Understanding, Development, Matrix Determinant, LKPD, Reciprocal Teaching Abstrak: Adapun tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengembangkan LKPD melalui model reciprocal teaching untuk menstimulus pemahaman konsep pada materi determinan matriks kelas XI SMK. Peserta didik yang berada dikelas XI Nautika SMK Negeri 9 Pontianak merupakan subjek dalam penelitian ini. RD merupakan bentuk penelitian ini. Prosedur pengembangan LKPD disesuaikan dengan model Borg Gall, dari tahap tahap pengumpulan informasi dan penelitian sampai tahap revisi produk operasional. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa LKPD melalui model reciprocal teaching memperoleh rata-rata kelayakan sebesar 77,85% dengan kriteria layak. Hasil hasil belajar peserta didik dalam tes soal pemahaman konsep secara kalsikal yaitu 18 peserta didik atau 100% yang mencapai nilai ketuntasan maksimal. Hasil angket respon peserta didik terhadap LKPD melalui model reciprocal teaching pada uji coba awal dan uji coba utama diperoleh persentase rata-rata sebesar 93,68% dan 94,91% dengan kriteria sangat tinggiKata Kunci: Determinan Matriks, LKPD, Model Reciprocal Teaching, Pemahaman Konsep, Pengembangan
MANEJO DE LA INFECCIÓN DEL TRACTO URINARIO EN NIÑOS
Authors: Rojas Pérez Lino Arturo , Cruz Basantes Blanca Herminia , Rojas Cruz Lino Arturo , Rojas Cruz Augusto Ernesto , Rojas Cruz Andrés Eduardo , Villagómez Vega María Daniela 
Published: November 2023

Introducción. La infección del tracto urinario es un problema clínico frecuente y significativo en la población pediátrica. Se clasifican en pielonefritis aguda, cistitis, y bacteriuria asintomática. Objetivo. Identificar el tratamiento más apropiado para las infecciones pediátricas del tracto urinario, de acuerdo con la evidencia científica más reciente y sólida. Métodos. En el desarrollo de este artículo de revisión no sistemática, se utilizó las bases de datos PubMed, Scopus, DynaMed y UpToDate. En cuanto a los criterios de inclusión, se consideraron los artículos escritos en los últimos cinco años, tanto en idioma inglés como en idioma español, siempre y cuando el texto completo fuera accesible. En esta selección incluyó estudios clínicos, estudios clínicos aleatorizados, revisiones sistemáticas y metaanálisis Resultados. En total, se encontraron 2236 artículos durante todo el proceso de búsqueda de información. De esos 2236, se descartaron 2201 artículos que no cumplían con los criterios de inclusión, y se utilizaron 35 artículos para esta investigación sobre el manejo de la infección del tracto urinario en niños Discusión. La infección del tracto urinario es un problema común en la niñez. Los síntomas clínicos pueden ser inespecíficos en bebés y niños pequeños; no obstante, en niños mayores, los síntomas son más claros e incluyen fiebre, dolor lumbar, dolor suprapúbico, disuria, polaquiuria, entre otros. El diagnóstico confirmatorio se realiza mediante el urocultivo. El tratamiento oportuno disminuye el riesgo de complicaciones posteriores. Conclusiones. Esta revisión proporciona una guía integral para el manejo efectivo de las infecciones del tracto urinario en niños, considerando tanto el diagnóstico preciso como el tratamiento adecuado.