bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PROLACTIN, FLUID BALANCE AND LACTATION
Authors: Dearlove J. C. , Dearlove B. M. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe hypothesis that prolactin may play a part in osmoregulation was investigated by giving a hypotonic fluid load to two groups of normal lactating women. No changes in serum prolactin, milk yield, serum or breast milk osmolality were noted, suggesting that encouraging women to drink excessively has no effect upon lacta‐tion, either in terms of yield or composition of milk.
THE TITANIUM/SILICONE RUBBER CLIP FOR FEMALE STERILIZATION
Authors: Filshie G. M. , Casey D. , Pogmore J. R. , Dutton A. G. B. , Symonds E. M. , Peake A. B. L. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA composite titanium/silicone rubber clip has been developed for female sterilization. The 12–7 mm long metal clip is lined with silicone rubber and is bent round the Fallopian tube by means of an applicator that can be used laparoscopically. As tubal necrosis occurs, the rubber expands to keep the lumen blocked. The tube eventually divides and the stumps heal, closed. Since the Mark 3 version of the clip was introduced, over 5700 women in several countries have been sterilized. The first 540 British women who were folio wed‐up for five to 17 months experienced one method failure (ectopic) and two operator failures, a total failure rate of 5·5/ 1000. Clip‐related complications were minimal and long‐term sequelae were comparable to tubal ligation. The clip causes minimal destruction but still seems effective for tubal occlusion and it can accommodate thick tubes.
GALACTORRHEA ASSOCIATED WITH LYMPHOCYTIC ADENOHYPOPHYSITIS CASE REPORT
Authors: Cebelin Marilyn S. , Velasco Manuel E. , De Las Mulas Juana Martin , Druet Robert L. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA young woman, 14 months post partum, committed suicide when she noticed milk discharging from her nipples and thought she was pregnant. At autopsy the uterus was found to be non‐gravid and the pituitary gland enlarged. Histological examination revealed lymphocytic adenohypophysitis, a rarely identified condition usually associated with hypopituitarism. Immunoperoxidase studies of the pituitary demonstrated prolactin cell hyperplasia. None of the other known causes of galactorrhea was present suggesting that this may be a new addition to the differential diagnosis of galactorrhea. To this date lymphocytic adenohypophysitis has been reported only in women, the majority within 14 months postpartum, and is usually identified only at autopsy.
Enterobius vermicularis INFESTATION OF THE FEMALE GENITAL TRACT CAUSING GENERALISED PERITONITIS CASE REPORT
Authors: Khan J. S. , Steele R. J. C. , Stewart D. 
Published: August 2005

Summary Enterobius (Oxyuris) vermicularis is the only nematode which infests man. It inhabits the large intestine and is of low pathogenicity. The ova are occasionally found in ectopic sites within the peritoneal cavity, usually as an asymptomatic granuloma. We describe the first patient to present with generalised peritonitis caused by rupture of a tubo‐ovarian abscess containing the ova of Enterobius vermicularis.
AN ULTRASTRUCTURAL STUDY OF UTERO‐PLACENTAL SPIRAL ARTERIES IN HYPERTENSIVE AND NORMOTENSIVE PREGNANCY AND FETAL GROWTH RETARDATION
Authors: Sheppard B. L. , Bonnar J. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryUteroplacental spiral arteries in placental bed biopsies and placentas from 80 pregnancies were studied by light and electron microscopy; of these 30 were complicated by fetal growth retardation (less than 10th centile) and 45 by hypertension during pregnancy. The physiological changes of the spiral arteries and the vascular pathology present in hypertensive pregnancy and fetal growth retardation were investigated. In normotensive pregnancies complicated by fetal growth retardation, the physiological changes of pregnancy frequently did not extend beyond the decidual segments of the utero‐placental arteries. In pregnancies complicated by pre‐eclampsia, the physiological changes of pregnancy were not always restricted to the decidual segments of the utero‐placental arteries. Athero‐matous‐like lesions of similar morphology were found in spiral arteries from both normotensive and hypertensive pregnancies complicated by fetal growth retardation. No arteriopathy was found which was specific for pre‐eclampsia.
METEOROLOGICAL RELATIONS OF ECLAMPSIA IN LAGOS, NIGERIA
Authors: Agobe J. T. , Good W. , Hancock K. W. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA retrospective study of the meteorological relations of eclampsia in Lagos, Nigeria supports other observations that the incidence of this disease varies significantly with the weather. Protective action by arid conditions is consistent with the known effect of dehydration on convulsions of differing aetiologies and is attributable to increased pulmonary transpirational water loss. Exacerbation of eclampsia by cool, humid conditions may therefore reflect excessive water retention, due partly to suppressed pulmonary transpiration and partly to kidney malfunction in those women.
EFFECT OF TERBUTALINE ON THE HUMAN FETAL PLACENTAL CIRCULATION
Authors: Scares de Moura R. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe effect of terbutaline, a β2‐adrenoceptor stimulator, on the vascular resistance of isolated human placenta was examined. Terbutaline produced no change in basal placental vascular resistance, but when the placental vessels were constricted with angiotensin, terbutaline produced a graded decrease in vascular resistance. The vasodilating effect of a high dose of terbutaline was smaller than the effect of 20 μg of isoprenaline and the effect was significantly blocked by propranolol, a β‐adreno‐ceptor antagonist. The results suggest that the vasodilating effect of terbutaline on the fetal placental circulation can play a role in the improvement of fetal condition during treatment of premature labour and intrapartum fetal distress.
FETAL DEATH IMMEDIATELY FOLLOWING NORMAL ANTENATAL FETAL HEART RATE PATTERN CASE REPORT
Authors: Shaxted E. J. , Jenkins H. M. L. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA fetal death occurred during antenatal non‐stressed cardiotocography in a woman with gestational diabetes. The death occurred immediately following 30 minutes of normal fetal heart rate tracing with an active baby and with normal bio‐chemical tests of placental function.
COITUS AND ANTEPARTUM HAEMORRHAGE
Authors: Naeye Richard L. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe relationship of coitus to antepartum haemorrhage was explored in a longitudinal study of 56 568 pregnancies. The frequency of the haemorrhages was 19/1000 births when women reported no recent coitus compared with 30/1000 when there had been recent coitus (p <0·001). The frequency of the bleeding increased with the frequency of coitus. The correlation between coitus and bleeding was independent of other factors known to increase the risk of antepartum bleeding including cigarette smoking, hypertension, advancing maternal age and placenta praevia.
THE INCIDENCE OF SEVERE PRE‐ECLAMPSIA AMONGST MOTHERS AND MOTHERS‐IN‐LAW OF PRE‐ECLAMPTICS AND CONTROLS
Authors: Sutherland A. , Cooper D. W. , Howie P. W. , Liston W. A. , MacGillivray I. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryIn order to distinguish between a maternal, fetal or maternal and fetal genetic predisposition towards severe pre‐eclampsia, the first pregnancies of 158 mothers and 160 mothers‐in‐law of pre‐eclamptic women and of matched controls were analysed. Fourteen per cent of mothers of pre‐eclamptics were found to have had severe pre‐eclampsia, confirming previous suggestions that the condition‘runs in families', in contrast to only a 3% incidence amongst mothers of controls. The incidence in mothers‐in‐law of both pre‐eclamptics and controls was 4%, in full agreement with a maternal genotype hypothesis and suggesting that the fetal genotype plays, at most, only a minor role in the aetiology of severe pre‐eclampsia. The data are in agreement with the hypothesis that a single recessive gene acting in the mother could be responsible for severe pre‐eclampsia, but multifactorial inheritance is not ruled out. Mild pre‐eclampsia showed no such familial tendency, indicating that the mild and severe forms of pre‐eclampsia may represent separate pathological entities.
BRIEF PSYCHOSOMATIC THERAPY FOR CONSUMMATION OF MARRIAGE
Authors: Bramley H. Morag , Brown Joe , Draper Katherine C. , Kilvington Jane M. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryWe describe the treatment of sexual problems by Members of the Institute of Psychosexual Medicine who are trained to recognise and use therapeutically the doctor‐patient interaction. A prospective study of long‐standing cases of non‐consummation was chosen for evaluation of therapy as there was a definite outcome. Of 50 couples, most of whom had previously had many unsuccessful consultations, 64 per cent consummated within six months and 72 per cent in 14 months. Among those who had failed actually to consummate at six months, one third had increased their ability to enjoy sexual activity. The average number of attendances was six, involving altogether about four hours’ work. These findings compare well with those reported in other studies and suggest that referral of such cases to a doctor specially trained in brief psychosomatic therapy tends to bring the best results.
THE ABSORPTION AND METABOLISM OF ORAL OESTRADIOL, OESTRONE AND OESTRIOL
Authors: Townsend P. T. , Dyer G. I. , Young O. , Whitehead M. I. , Collins W. P. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe absorption, metabolism and clearance of oestradiol, oestrone and oestriol from the peripheral circulation were investigated in five postmenopausal women after the oral administration of Hormonin (oestradiol 600 μg, oestrone 1400 μg, oestriol 270 μg) daily for five consecutive days. In addition the concentrations of plasma oestrone‐3‐sulphate, oestrone‐3‐glucuronide, LH and FSH were determined in the same plasma samples. The maximum concentrations of each steroid in peripheral plasma and the time intervals during which the peak occurred after ingestion of the last tablet were:—oestrone (750 to 2116 pmol/1, 0·5 to 6·0 hours), oestradiol (246 to 813 pmol/1, 1 to 8 hours), oestriol (173 to 241 pmol/1, 5 to 12 hours), oestrone‐3‐glucuronide (32·2 to 78·8 nmol/1, 0·5 to 3·0 hours) and oestrone‐3‐sulphate (21·9 to 39·0 nmol/1, 1 to 7 hours). The mean factorial increases in the concentration of each compound during the first 12 hours post‐treatment over the baseline values were:—oestrone (4·1); oestradiol (4·4); oestriol (1·7); oestrone‐3‐sulphate (2·6) and oestrone‐3‐glucuronide (8·1). After treatment, the concentration of plasma oestradiol remained significantly higher than the baseline values (p <0·025) for 24 hours and the values for each subject were within the normal range for premenopausal women. Moreover, there was a significant reduction (p < 0·025) in the level of circulating LH. It is concluded that the simultaneous administration of oestrone, oestradiol and oestriol, by mouth, to postmenopausal women is a good approach to maintaining an appropriate concentration of oestradiol in peripheral plasma.
HAEMOGLOBIN AIc PREDICTS THE PERINATAL OUTCOME IN INSULIN‐DEPENDENT DIABETIC PREGNANCIES
Authors: Ylinen K. , Raivio K. , Teramo K. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryHaemoglobin AIc (Hb AIc) was measured in 112 insulin‐dependent diabetic pregnancies on an average 4.7 times. Hb AIc was high in early pregnancy in all three patients with severe fetal malformations. There were six pregnancies with a perinatal death. The maximum Hb AIc values were significantly higher in the second trimester (p <0.001) in these pregnancies than in the other diabetic pregnancies. When neonatal hypoglycaemia was present, the mean maternal Hb AIc was significantly higher in the second (p <0.005) and third (p <0.02) trimesters of pregnancy than in the group without neonatal hypoglycaemia. In the group with neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia the mean maternal Hb AIc was significantly higher in the third trimester (p <0.02) than in the group with no neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia. The results suggest that poor metabolic control of maternal diabetes during the second trimester is associated with a clearly increased risk of perinatal death and during the second and third trimesters with metabolic derangements in the neonatal period. The results also indicate that Hb AIc could be used to detect the pregnant diabetics at special risk.
ANTHROPOMETRIC AND BIOCHEMICAL CHANGES DURING PREGNANCY IN ASIAN AND EUROPEAN MOTHERS HAVING WELL GROWN BABIES
Authors: Bissenden J. G. , Scott P. H. , Hallum Jean , Mansfield H. N. , Scott P. , Wharton B. A. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryAt this hospital, about a third of all mothers are Asian. Although generally they have smaller and lighter babies, many Asian mothers achieve similar standards of intrauterine growth to the European mother. This paper describes the nutritional status of Asian and European mothers having well grown babies. Twenty eight European and 11 Asian mothers, who had a normal past obstetric history and a normal present pregnancy resulting in a well grown baby, were studied throughout pregnancy. At each visit, weight, skinfold thickness, and mid‐upper arm circumference were measured and biochemical measurements of nutritional status were performed (serum albumin, transferrin and alkaline ribonuclease, plasma amino acids and nitrogen partition of urine). Asian mothers were fatter than European mothers at booking and put on more fat during the second trimester. At the same time, the biochemical tests suggested that the Asian mothers had a higher plane of nutrition. It seems that if the Asian mothers are well nourished in the second trimester, they can achieve a standard of intrauterine growth comparable to the Europeans.
ANTHROPOMETRIC AND BIOCHEMICAL CHANGES DURING PREGNANCY IN ASIAN AND EUROPEAN MOTHERS HAVING LIGHT FOR GESTATIONAL AGE BABIES
Authors: Bissenden J. G. , Scott P. H. , King Jean , Hallum Jean , Mansfield H. N. , Wharton B. A. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryAn assessment of nutritional status using anthropometric and biochemical measurements was made during pregnancy in 8 European and 15 Asian women who produced babies which were light for gestational age. These results were compared with similar measurements in women of both races with normal or pathological pregnancies (hypertension or bleeding) who produced babies of normal size. European mothers of light for gestational age babies with one exception had pregnancies complicated by pathology. They were heavy and fat but apart from urinary peptide hydroxyproline (which was reduced), no other biochemical measurement was specifically associated with poor intrauterine growth. Asian mothers of light for gestational age babies mostly had pregnancies not complicated by obstetric pathology. They gained less weight and fat during the second trimester and during the third trimester, they had biochemical evidence of a poorer nutritional status. Some of the biochemical changes were also noted in pathological pregnancies even though the mothers gained weight and fat normally and had well grown babies.
A RAPID LUTEINIZING HORMONE RADIOIMMUNOASSAY FOR THE PREDICTION OF OVULATION
Authors: Djahanbakhch O. , McNeilly A. S. , Hobson B. M. , Templeton A. A. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA rapid luteinizing hormone (LH) radioimmunoassay (total time 4 h) has been developed and used to measure the preovulatory LH surge in 22 patients. Ovulation, assessed by laparoscopy or mini laparotomy, did not occur until at least 32 h after the start of the LH surge. This rapid LH radioimmunoassay provides a simple method of predicting ovulation for the correct timing of oocyte collection or artificial insemination.
HUMAN LUTEAL PHASE FUNCTION FOLLOWING OOCYTE ASPIRATION FROM THE IMMEDIATELY PREOVULAR GRAAFIAN FOLLICLE OF SPONTANEOUS OVULAR CYCLES
Authors: Kerin J. F. , Broom T. J. , Ralph M. M. , Edmonds D. K. , Warnes G. M. , Jeffrey R. , Crocker J. M. , Godfrey B. , Cox L. W. , Seamark R. F. , Matthews C. D. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryHuman luteal phase function as evaluated by peripheral venous blood steroid levels does not appear to be impaired following the aspiration of follicular fluid together with a cumulus enclosed oocyte and a number of granulosal cells from the immediate preovular follicle in women having otherwise spontaneous ovular cycles. The day to day levels of luteinising hormone, oestradiol‐17β, 17α‐hydroxyprogesterone, progesterone and basal temperatures in 14 women who had their preovular follicle aspirated were compared with a control group of 28 spontaneously ovulating women. It was concluded that a carefully performed single aspiration of the contents of a preovular follicle, for the purpose of extra‐corporeal fertilisation of the mature oocyte, did not lead to impaired steroid function of the subsequent corpus luteum, although the prolactin levels were increased due to the effects of the relaxant anaesthetic and/or the laparoscopic procedure. A safe and simple laparoscopic procedure is also described, which is particularly suitable for women with a likelihood of extensive pelvic adhesions.
ENGAGEMENT OF THE FETAL HEAD IN THE NEGRO PRIMIGRAVIDA
Authors: Briggs N. D. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA prospective study into causes of non‐engagement of the fetal head at term in the negroid primigravida showed no correlation with fetal birth weight nor with the pelvic brim inclination. However, there was a significant difference (p <0.05) between the mean head circumference of babies with heads which had not engaged (34.1 cm) and with those which had (33.1 cm). Labour was generally prolonged with a high head at term, but there was no increase in the incidence of fetal or maternal mortality and morbidity nor was it associated with an increase in the rate of operative interference. In addition, retrospective studies on pelvic brim inclination between 31 Nigerian primiparae and matched Caucasians at the Queen Charlotte's Maternity Hospital showed no statistically significant differences. It is suggested that an unengaged fetal head in early labour should not by itself be an indication for early delivery by caesarean section.
COMPLICATIONS OF FEMALE CIRCUMCISION IN NIGERIAN IGBOS
Authors: Egwuatu V. E. , Agugua N. E. N. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryAn analysis is made of 43 children and 15 adult female patients who presented with post‐circumcision complications at the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, between January 1973 and December 1980; 57 patients had been circumcised within 21 days of birth and one patient in the seventh month of her first pregnancy. Age of presentation varied with the severity of the symptoms: 21 children and 11 adults presented with varying degrees of labial occlusion, while 9 children and 4 adults had implantation dermoids. Urinary retention was the problem in 12 children and one adult
THE EFFECT OF MATERNAL WEIGHT ON MATERNAL SERUM ALPHA‐FETOPROTEIN LEVELS
Authors: Wald Nicholas , Cuckle Howard , Boreham Jillian , Terzian Emanuela , Redman Christopher 
Published: August 2005

SummaryIn 902 singleton pregnancies, maternal serum alpha‐fetoprotein (AFP) levels between 15 and 20 weeks of pregnancy were significantly related to maternal weight (r =−0.24, p <0.0001). Lighter women had on average higher AFP levels than heavier women, perhaps on account of the greater concentration of AFP in their relatively smaller volume of blood. The mean AFP level for women weighing less than 45 kg was 68 % higher than the mean level for women weighing 85 kg or more. Maternal weight was found to be an important factor which could account for false positive AFP results in antenatal screening for open neural tube defects. A policy of adjusting maternal serum AFP values according to maternal weight among women with borderline positive results could reduce the number having a diagnostic amniocentesis with only a negligible loss of detection for open spina bifida. With such a policy, using a cut‐off level of 2.5 × normal median, the false positive rate in the 902 women screened would have been reduced from 2.8 % to 2.0%.
MATERNAL PLASMA 6‐OXO‐PROSTAGLANDIN F1α LEVELS THROUGHOUT PREGNANCY: A LONGITUDINAL STUDY
Authors: Bolton P. J. , Jogee M. , Myatt L. , Elder M. G. 
Published: August 2005

SummarySerial measurements of maternal plasma concentrations of 6‐oxo‐prostaglandin F1α were made throughout 12 normal pregnancies. The highest levels were found during the second trimester with a progressive decline during the second half of pregnancy.
BLOOD LOSS AND SIDE EFFECTS IN DAY CASE ABORTION
Authors: Cochrane G. W. , Moore C. A. , Swinhoe June R. , Subramanian N. , Chakrabarti P. 
Published: August 2005

SummarySuction termination of pregnancy was performed in 276 patients as an out‐patient procedure under general anaesthesia. Ergometrine, oxytocin, or sterile water were given with the induction of anaesthesia. There was no significant difference in blood loss in the three treatment groups, although blood loss in termination of pregnancy performed after eight weeks was increased in all three groups. Nausea, vomiting and abdominal pain occurred significantly more often after ergometrine compared to oxytocin or water.
CHLAMYDIA TRACHOMATIS AND HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS IgA ANTIBODIES IN CERVICAL SECRETIONS OF PATIENTS WITH CERVICAL ATYPIA
Authors: Kalimo Kirsti , Terho P. , Honkonen E. , Grönroos M. , Halonen P. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe association of Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) and herpes simplex virus (HSV) with malignant or premalignant changes in the cervix uteri was studied by determining immunoglobulin A (IgA) antibodies in the cervical secretions of 28 women with inflammatory, 28 with dysplastic, 7 with malignant changes of the uterine cervix, and 26 healthy controls. In cervical secretions IgA antibodies to CT were found in 24 of 35 (69%) patients with malignant or premalignant changes, in 11 of 28 (39%) with cervicitis and in 3 of 26 (12%) controls. IgA antibodies to HSV were found in 10 of 35 (28%) patients with malignant atypia or dysplasia but in none of the women with cervicitis or the controls. The highest frequency of antibodies was found in the patients with cervical carcinoma. Serum IgA antibodies to CT and HSV were found equally in the patients and the controls. Our results suggest that in patients with cervical atypia, local IgA CT antibody production occurs. Whether this association is aetiological or coincidental can not be concluded from this study.
THIRTY‐TWO YEARS EXPERIENCE IN MANAGEMENT OF PRIMARY TUMOURS OF THE VAGINA
Authors: Al‐Kurdi M. , Monaghan J. M. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA retrospective study is presented of 99 patients with a diagnosis of primary tumour of the vagina who were managed at the Gynaecological Oncology Department, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Gateshead, between the years 1947 and 1979. The lesions have been staged according to the FIGO system. The corrected five year survival rates for patients given definitive treatment were: stage I, 71 % (10 of 14), stage II, 29 % (10 of 34), stage III, 25 % (2 of 8), stage IV, 22 % (2 of 9). The overall corrected five year survival rate when definitive treatment was given was 37 % (24 of 65).
VAGINAL STENOSIS DUE TO BULLOUS ERYTHEMA MULTIFORME (STEVENS‐JOHNSON SYNDROME)
Authors: Graham‐Brown R. A. C. , Cochrane G. W. , Swinhoe J. R. , Sarkany I. , Epsztejn L. J. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryBullous erythema multiforme is a disorder in which oral and genital erosions, ocular inflammation and cutaneous bullae may follow a viral or bacterial infection or the ingestion of certain drugs, such as sulphonamides. Unpleasant sequelae have been reported including residual scarring, and death may occasionally result from infection or renal failure; severe scarring can cause blindness and infrequently the genital tract is involved. We report a patient who developed complete vaginal stenosis following bullous erythema multiforme in pregnancy.