bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regional‐scale effects of deer‐induced forest degradation on river ecosystem dynamics
Authors: Nakagawa Hikaru , Fujiki Daisuke , Numata Hiroo , Wu Luhan , Mori Terutaka , Minamoto Toshifumi 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAlmost all ecosystems are open systems, meaning that significant changes in one ecosystem can lead to unexpected changes in others. Deer overabundance has become a problem worldwide, leading to forest degradation that has impacts on not only terrestrial, but also aquatic ecosystems. This study aims to investigate the regional‐scale importance of large herbivores in inter‐ecosystem interactions by examining the effects of deer‐induced forest degradation on fish populations. We selected similar‐scale catchments from river systems in Hyogo, Japan, that differed in the time since deer‐induced forest degradation. Conventional surveys for fish densities and microhabitat environments were conducted in 23 catchments, and surveys using quantitative eDNA metabarcoding were conducted in 95 catchments. We examined the relationships between fish population densities, microhabitats, and time since forest degradation, considering confounding effects. Data from 8 and 17 fish taxa detected by snorkeling and eDNA methods, respectively, were available for statistical analysis. Snorkeling‐counts (Individuals/1 m transect) and eDNA concentrations (Copies/L) in river water were strongly correlated. Fine sediments on riverbeds were increased in the 3–15 years following forest degradation and decreased after 16 years. Population densities of sand‐preferring fishes, as inferred from both eDNA and snorkeling, reasonably followed this pattern. These patterns may be caused by the depletion of fine sediments on mountain slopes. The results of this study suggest that deer‐induced worldwide alternation may also occur in aquatic ecosystems.
Chaotropic Effect‐Boosted Thermogalvanic Ionogel Thermocells for All‐Weather Power Generation
Authors: Yang Mingchen , Hu Yin , Wang Xiaoliang , Chen Hua , Yu Jiangtao , Li Weizheng , Li Runyin , Yan Feng 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIonic thermocells convert heat into electricity and are promising power sources for electronic devices. However, discontinuous and small electricity output limits practical use under varying environmental conditions. Here, a thermogalvanic ionogel with a high Seebeck coefficient (32.4 mV K−1) is designed. Thermocells that combine thermogalvanic ionogel‐based thermocells, which realize all‐weather power generation via passive radiative cooling, are also developed. These thermocells generate electricity continuously under varying weather conditions and over a wide temperature range (−40 to 90 °C), with a normalized power density of 25.84 mW m−2 K−2. Advanced characterization shows that the chaotropic effect enhances the Seebeck coefficient, while the self‐supplying temperature difference given the radiative cooling structure enables all‐weather power generation. These results provide an effective strategy for developing practical thermocells suitable for diverse daily and seasonal variations.
Enhanced Performance of Metal‐Semiconductor‐Metal UV Photodetectors on Algan/Gan Hemt Structure via Periodic Nanohole Patterning
Authors: Razeen Ahmed S. , Kotekar‐Patil Dharmraj , Jiang Mengting , Tang Eric X. , Yuan Gao , Ong Jesper , Wyen Viet C. , Radhakrishnan K. , Tripathy Sudhiranjan 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAlGaN/GaN High Electron Mobility Transistor (HEMT) structures offer superior electrical and material properties that make them ideal for the fabrication of high‐performance Ultraviolet photodetectors (UV PDs), especially using the metal‐semiconductor‐metal (MSM) configuration. However, the metal layout of the MSM design and crystal defects in multi‐stack HEMTs can reduce photocurrent and degrade device performance. Nano‐structuring of the AlGaN/GaN surface with different nanofeatures is a promising approach to improve light absorption efficiency and increase device response. In this work, AlGaN/GaN HEMT MSM UV photodetectors with enhanced performance parameters by engineering the surface with periodic nanohole arrays are demonstrated. Optical simulations are used to optimize the design of the nanoholes' periodicity and depth. Unpatterned and nanohole‐patterned devices with varying nanohole depths are fabricated, and their performance shows substantial enhancement with the incorporation of nanoholes. The device with 40 nm deep nanoholes and 230 nm array periodicity shows the highest performance in terms of photocurrent (0.15 mA), responsivity (1.4 × 105 A W−1), UV/visible rejection ratio (≈103), and specific detectivity (4.9  ×  1014 Jones). These findings present a HEMT‐compatible strategy to enhance UV photodetector performance for power optoelectronic applications, highlighting that nanohole patterning is a promising prospect for advancements in UV photodetection technology.
Electrochemical Sensing with Spatially Patterned Pt Octahedra Electrodes
Authors: Jonker Dirk , Eyovge Cavit , Berenschot Erwin , Di Palma Valerio , Wasserberg Dorothee , Michel‐Souzy Sandra , Jonkheijm Pascal , Krol Silke , Gardeniers Han , Creatore Mariadriana , Tas Niels , Susarrey‐Arce Arturo 
Published: January 2024

AbstractLocally controlling the position of electrodes in 3D can open new avenues to collect electrochemical signals in complex sensing environments. Implementing such electrodes via an electrical network requires advanced fabrication approaches. This work uses corner lithography and Pt ALD to produce electrochemical 3D electrodes. The approach allows the fabrication of (sub)micrometer size Pt octahedra electrodes spatially supported over 3D fractal‐like structures. As a proof of concept, electrochemical sensing of ferrocyanide in biofouling environments, e.g., bovine serum albumin (BSA) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa), is assessed. Differences between before and after BSA addition show a reduction in the active electrode surface area (ΔAeff) ≈49% ± 7% for the flat electrode. In comparison, a ΔAeff reduction of 25% ± 2% for the 3D electrode has been found. The results are accompanied by a 24% ± 16% decrease in peak current for the flat Pt substrate and a 14% ± 5% decrease in peak current for the 3D electrode 24 h after adding BSA. In the case of P. aeruginosa, the 3D electrode retains electrochemical signals, while the flat electrode does not. The results demonstrate that the 3D Pt electrodes are more stable than their flat counterparts under biofouling conditions.
Acoustic‐Based Microbubble Grippers for Automatic On‐Chip Selection of Spherical Microrobot Models
Authors: Wei Ying , Lu Xiaolong , Bao Jinhui , Zhang Shuting , Wu Dawei 
Published: January 2024

AbstractSpherical micro/nanorobots are reported as attractive candidates in nano‐surgery, contamination degradation, analytical chemistry, medical engineering, etc. Unlike macroscopic robots, the standard fabrication and inspection strategy to control the high quality of microrobots are rarely explored before. Overcoming the geometrical discrepancy is now essential to keep an identical locomotion behavior for spherical microrobot individuals for complex usages. Herein, acoustic‐based microbubble grippers are proposed controlled by a machine vision system to realize agile recognition and sorting of unqualified spherical microrobot models. Theoretical analysis and numerical simulation reveal the basic grabbing mechanisms via acoustic stimuli. The acoustic resonation of microbubbles can generate a locally enhanced acoustic field, attracting microrobots toward the bubble surface by the acoustic forces. The viscosity of microfluid makes it possible to instantaneously grab or release just by controlling the microbubble activation. Further, a machine vision‐based monitor and control system is proposed to enable automatic control for the entire process. Based on extracted characteristic parameters, target microrobot models are quickly selected and grabbed out. It is expected that such a combination of microgrippers with an advanced control system will pave the way for high‐qualified inspection for microrobots and improve their unique versatility in myriad micromanipulation scenarios.
Liquid‐Liquid‐Gas Triphasic Hydrogenation of Bicarbonate to Formate in a Continuous Flow Tubular Reactor
Authors: Afreen Gul , Bansode Atul , Wada Kazuhito , Hirano Makoto , Matsuda Hirokazu , Urakawa Atsushi 
Published: January 2024

AbstractMultiphasic reaction of bicarbonate hydrogenation to form formate using homogeneous Ru PNP pincer catalyst in a continuous flow tubular reactor is reported. The reaction system consists of three phases. Catalyst is dissolved in toluene while potassium bicarbonate is dissolved in water. The significance of efficient mixing among the organic phase, aqueous phase and gaseous hydrogen to improve hydrogenation reaction by using different inert packing materials is studied by operando visualization and also quantitatively discussed. The bicarbonate conversion of up to 67% is achieved after optimization of important reaction and reactor parameters. The designed reactor setup comprised of effective recycling system that recycles the catalyst with >99% activity.
Hybrid Milk Extracellular Vesicles as Potential Systems for Oral Delivery of siRNA
Authors: Zhang Yunyue , Luo Xiang , Ding Ning , Belaid Mona , Thanou Maya , Vllasaliu Driton 
Published: January 2024

AbstractOral administration of RNA is currently not possible and current approaches for RNA delivery by injection are not suitable for the oral route. In this work, novel bioinspired nanoparticles for oral delivery of RNA therapies are reported. Specifically, the fabrication of hybrid nanovesicles (“hybridosomes”) based on bovine milk extracellular vesicles (mEVs) and liposomes is reported. Hybridosomes are fabricated using two related methods based on freeze‐thawing of mEVs and cationic liposomes. The systems are 180–230 nm and demonstrated efficient loading of small interfering (siRNA) cargo. Hybridosomes exhibit significantly lower cytotoxicity in intestinal Caco‐2 cells compared to cationic liposomes and superior stability in a fed‐state simulated intestinal fluid compared to liposomes. Furthermore, these systems significantly increase the transport of siRNA across in vitro intestinal model. Finally, hybridosomes loaded with siRNA successfully induce transfection in J774A.1 macrophages. Overall, the results show that the hybrid systems fabricated here offer potential for oral delivery of RNA therapeutics.
Quantifying Dynamic Phenotypic Heterogeneity in Resistant Escherichia coli under Translation‐Inhibiting Antibiotics
Authors: Zhu Haishuang , Xiong Yixiao , Jiang Zhenlong , Liu Qiong , Wang Jin 
Published: January 2024

AbstractUnderstanding the phenotypic heterogeneity of antibiotic‐resistant bacteria following treatment and the transitions between different phenotypes is crucial for developing effective infection control strategies. The study expands upon previous work by explicating chloramphenicol‐induced phenotypic heterogeneities in growth rate, gene expression, and morphology of resistant Escherichia coli using time‐lapse microscopy. Correlating the bacterial growth rate and cspC expression, four interchangeable phenotypic subpopulations across varying antibiotic concentrations are identified, surpassing the previously described growth rate bistability. Notably, bacterial cells exhibiting either fast or slow growth rates can concurrently harbor subpopulations characterized by high and low gene expression levels, respectively. To elucidate the mechanisms behind this enhanced heterogeneity, a concise gene expression network model is proposed and the biological significance of the four phenotypes is further explored. Additionally, by employing Hidden Markov Model fitting and integrating the non‐equilibrium landscape and flux theory, the real‐time data encompassing diverse bacterial traits are analyzed. This approach reveals dynamic changes and switching kinetics in different cell fates, facilitating the quantification of observable behaviors and the non‐equilibrium dynamics and thermodynamics at play. The results highlight the multi‐dimensional heterogeneous behaviors of antibiotic‐resistant bacteria under antibiotic stress, providing new insights into the compromised antibiotic efficacy, microbial response, and associated evolution processes.
Single‐Cell Sequencing Reveals Functional Alterations in Tuberculosis
Authors: Lyu Mengyuan , Xu Gaolian , Zhou Jian , Reboud Julien , Wang Yili , Lai Hongli , Chen Yi , Zhou Yanbing , Zhu Guiying , Cooper Jonathan M. , Ying Binwu 
Published: January 2024

AbstractDespite its importance, the functional heterogeneity surrounding the dynamics of interactions between mycobacterium tuberculosis and human immune cells in determining host immune strength and tuberculosis (TB) outcomes, remains far from understood. This work now describes the development of a new technological platform to elucidate the immune function differences in individuals with TB, integrating single‐cell RNA sequencing and cell surface antibody sequencing to provide both genomic and phenotypic information from the same samples. Single‐cell analysis of 23 990 peripheral blood mononuclear cells from a new cohort of primary TB patients and healthy controls enables to not only show four distinct immune phenotypes (TB, myeloid, and natural killer (NK) cells), but also determine the dynamic changes in cell population abundance, gene expression, developmental trajectory, transcriptomic regulation, and cell–cell signaling. In doing so, TB‐related changes in immune cell functions demonstrate that the immune response is mediated through host T cells, myeloid cells, and NK cells, with TB patients showing decreased naive, cytotoxicity, and memory functions of T cells, rather than their immunoregulatory function. The platform also has the potential to identify new targets for immunotherapeutic treatment strategies to restore T cells from dysfunctional or exhausted states.
The financial impact of foodborne illness outbreaks at restaurants: Chipotle Mexican Grill
Authors: Kalaitzandonakes Maria , Ellison Brenna , Serra Devesa Maria Teresa 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAs demand for food away from home increases, outbreaks at restaurants become an important source of food‐related illness. In the United States, over 60% of foodborne illness outbreaks occur at restaurants and 97% of outbreaks are limited to a single state. Despite this, we currently know little about restaurant outbreaks and in particular, single‐state outbreaks are not well understood. We use Chipotle Mexican Grill's eight outbreaks (2015–2018) to evaluate the media and stock market responses to both single and multistate outbreaks. Using news and stock market data, we provide evidence that multistate outbreaks brought swift stock price declines and single‐state outbreaks' impact depended on their timing, rather than their severity. Before Chipotle's more well‐known, multistate outbreaks, the firm's single‐state outbreaks brought little reporting and no financial losses, whereas after the multistate food safety events, single‐state events resulted in national media coverage and large financial impacts. Our findings are consistent with the literature on food scares that can result in chronic low‐level anxiety, which can bring about a large resurgence of concern for smaller outbreaks. The lessons learned from Chipotle's case underscore the importance of investment in outbreak prevention. [G14 (Information and Market Efficiency, Event Studies, Insider Trading)].
Expanding the phenotypic spectrum for CDK8‐related disease: A case report
Authors: Comeau Dominique , Belliveau Jenna , Bouhamdani Nadia , Amor Mouna Ben 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundCyclin‐dependent kinase 8 (CDK8) is part of a regulatory kinase module that regulates the activity of the Mediator complex. The Mediator, a large conformationally flexible protein complex, goes on to regulate RNA polymerase II activity, consequently affecting transcriptional regulation. Thus, inactivating mutations of the genes within the kinase module cause aberrant transcriptional regulation and disease, namely, CDK8‐related intellectual developmental disorder with hypotonia and behavioral abnormalities (IDDHBA).Case PresentationWe describe, for the first time, a likely pathogenic heterozygous CDK8 variant c.599G>A, p.(Arg200Gln) inherited from the biological mother. The clinical presentation of the child and mother is within the described clinical spectrum for IDDHBA; however, undocumented progressive contractures of the hips and knees as well as scoliosis were also observed in the child. This phenotype was not found in the mother, highlighting a heterogenous presentation for the same variant within the same family. Furthermore, the described clinical presentation may further support the notion of a module‐ or Mediator‐related syndrome with varying clinical presentation.ConclusionThis case report documents the first inherited case of IDDHBA and expands the phenotypic spectrum for CDK8‐related disease to include undocumented progressive contractures of the hips and knees as well as scoliosis, which may support the notion of a module‐ or Mediator‐related syndrome with varying clinical presentation.
Photoluminescence Quenching of Hydrophobic Ag29 Nanoclusters Caused by Molecular Decoupling during Aqueous Phase Transfer and EmissionRecovery through Supramolecular Recoupling
Authors: Shen Honglei , Xu Jiawei , Fu Ziwei , Wei Xiao , Kang Xi , Shi Wenxiong , Zhu Manzhou 
Published: January 2024

AbstractExploiting emissive hydrophobic nanoclusters for hydrophilic applications remains a challenge because of photoluminescence (PL) quenching during phase transfer. In addition, the mechanism underlying PL quenching remains unclear. In this study, the PL‐quenching mechanism was examined by analyzing the atomically precise structures and optical properties of a surface‐engineered Ag29 nanocluster with an all‐around‐carboxyl‐functionalized surface. Specifically, phase‐transfer‐triggered PL quenching was justified as molecular decoupling, which directed an unfixed cluster surface and weakened the radiative transition. Furthermore, emission recovery of the quenched nanoclusters was accomplished by using a supramolecular recoupling approach through the glutathione‐addition‐induced aggregation of cluster molecules, wherein the restriction of intracluster motion and intercluster rotation strengthened the radiative transition of the clusters. The results of this work offer a new perspective on structure‐emission correlations for atomically precise nanoclusters and hopefully provide insight into the fabrication of highly emissive cluster‐based nanomaterials for downstream hydrophilic applications.
Intermediate Color Emission via Nanographenes with Organic Fluorophores
Authors: Arimura Saki , Matsumoto Ikuya , Sekiya Ryo , Haino Takeharu 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPhotoluminescence (PL) color can be tuned by mixing fluorophores emitting the three primary colors in an appropriate ratio. When color tuning is achieved on a single substrate, we can simplify device structures. We demonstrated that nanographenes (NGs), which are graphene fragments with a size of tens of nanometers, could be utilized as carriers of fluorophores. The addition of red‐ and blue‐light‐emitting fluorophores on the edge successfully reproduced the purple light. The relative PL intensities of the fluorophores could be regulated by the excitation wavelength, enabling multicolor emission between blue and red light. Owing to the triphenylamine units of the fluorophores, the NGs showed PL enhancement due to aggregation. This characteristic was valuable for the fabrication of solid polymer materials. Specifically, the functionalized NGs can be dispersed into polyvinylidene difluoride. The resultant polymer films emitted red, blue, and purple color. Our study demonstrated the potential applicability of NGs for fluorophore carriers capable of reproducing intermediate colors of light.
Yolk–shell Ni–Co bimetallic nitride/oxide heterostructures as high‐performance electrode of all‐solid‐state supercapacitor
Authors: Zhu Maiyong , Luo Qiao , Lu Congcong , Liu Lingran 
Published: January 2024

Hierarchical core–shell structure is benefit for the fast diffusion and bulk storage of electron/ion while metal nitrides (MN) exhibit metal‐like behavior with excellent conductivity. Herein, nickel cobalt glycerate solid spheres (NiCo‐G) and nickel cobalt glycerate yolk–shell structure (NiCo‐GYS) were successfully synthesized via solvothermal reactions, accompanied by annealing using urea as a cheap and convenient nitrogen source to obtain metal nitride/bimetallic oxide core–shell heterostructure (NiCoNO). Excellent specific capacitance of 1878 F g−1 at 1 A g−1 is displayed by the prepared NiCoNO. Amazingly, the distinct core–shell construction guarantees high stability during the charge/discharge operation. NiCoNO maintains an 83.9% specific capacitance after 5000 cycles at 10 A g−1. Furthermore, the all‐solid‐state hybrid supercapacitor was assembled using NiCoNO cathode and active carbon (AC) anode components. The device has an excellent capacitive retention rate of 81.1% after 5000 cycles at 10 A g−1 and a good energy density of 64.2 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 900 Wh kg−1. A light‐emitting diode (LED) bulb can be lighted for 3 min, indicating the promising practical application prospect of the supercapacitor.
Utilization of ovalbumin and visible light irradiation for efficient and eco‐friendly production of AgNPs composite
Authors: Wang Xue‐Ting , Sun Qi‐Cheng , Chen Liang‐Liang , Zhou Ya‐Qing , Liang Huan , Liu Li‐Yuan , Jin Xiao‐Qian , Ge Wan‐Yi , Tian Yi‐Le , Deng Xudong , Yin Da‐Chuan 
Published: January 2024

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are one of the most widely used antimicrobial agents. However, due to the potential problems of environmental pollution and high energy consumption, a green and efficient synthesis strategy of AgNPs is urgently required. Ovalbumin (OVA) is the most abundant protein in egg whites, and its extraction process is simple and productive. This paper reported a new green synthesis method of AgNPs by using OVA as an assistant accompanying with a visible light irradiation. Together with the reduction of silver ions, the uniformly dispersed OVA‐AgNPs nanocomposite could be formed within 30 min under xenon light irradiation by simple mixing AgNO3 and OVA in aqueous solution. The detailed mechanism study showed that tyrosine residue and peptide bonds in OVA played a major role in the reduction and stability of silver ions. In addition, in vitro antibacterial experiments indicated that 10 mg/L of OVA‐AgNPs, the minimum inhibitory concentration, has a good antimicrobial effect on both Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria, fungi, and some drug‐resistant bacteria species within 4 h of treatment, mainly due to the disruption of the structure of bacterial cell and the balance of reactive oxygen species. This work provides a new way for the green and efficient synthesis of AgNPs and shows good prospects for the applications in the field of biomedical materials and functional nanomaterials.