bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extraction and Selective Separation of ZrIV from LnIII/AnIII Using an Undiluted Phosphonium Ionic Liquid
Authors: Rout Alok , Ramanathan Nagarajan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractSolvent extraction of Zr(IV) in an undiluted phosphonium based ionic liquid (IL) and its selective separation from Ln(III) and An(III) has been investigated in the present study. Eu(III)/Am(III) were chosen as the representative Ln(III)/An(III). Tri(hexyl)tetradecylphosphonium nitrate ([P66614][NO3]) was chosen as IL phase and the feed phase was nitric acid containing the target metal ions. The extraction process was accomplished at different experimental parameters such as the concentration of initial nitric acid, initial feed metal concentration and equilibration time to explore the extractability of the proposed IL towards Zr(IV). The efficient extraction of Zr(IV) without any external ligand in IL phase and negligible extraction of Eu(III)/Am(III) were distinctly discerned leading to noteworthy separation factors for Zr(IV). The loading experiment revealed a noticeable growth of equilibrium concentrations of Zr(IV) in IL phase while that of Eu(III) was very less irrespective of the initial feed concentration. The association of two IL moieties in the complex formation process has been inferred. Nitrate ion was found to be superior as IL anion in terms of metal loading in comparison to other anions. Thermodynamics of extraction and the stripping of the loaded Zr(IV) from IL phase using a suitable stripping solution have also been investigated.
SPICE‐compliant load flow analysis of power distribution networks with behavioral loads
Authors: Manfredi Paolo , Trinchero Riccardo , Memon Zain Anwer , Stievano Igor S. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis paper discusses an alternative and Simulation Program with Integrated Circuit Emphasis (SPICE)‐compatible solution for the steady‐state simulation of power distribution networks. It introduces two alternative auxiliary subcircuits that allow to efficiently simulate the network in any simulation tool for circuit analysis. This feature introduces remarkable benefits in terms of simplicity and generality, since it avoids the need for any iterative method, thus bridging the gap between classical industry‐standard and general‐purpose simulators based on circuital equations, such as SPICE, and dedicated tools for the load flow analysis of power systems. The approach is first demonstrated based on a simple illustrative example, for which the performance in terms of accuracy and efficiency is discussed and then applied to the standard IEEE 33‐node power distribution benchmark.
Morphological markers of chromosomal instability as predictors of malignancy in pleural effusion
Authors: Aggarwal Phiza , Handa Uma , Bhagat Ranjeev , Aggarwal Deepak 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundMalignancy in pleural effusion is an indication of poor prognosis. The distinction between malignant cells and reactive mesothelial cells in effusion cytology is sometimes difficult and requires ancillary techniques. Evaluation of morphological indicators of chromosomal instability (CI) like micronuclei (MN), chromatin bridging (CB), nuclear budding (NB), and multipolar mitosis (MM) on routine cytology smears is a promising tool to distinguish malignant from benign ascitic fluids. However, it has been scarcely evaluated in pleural effusions. The present study was conducted to evaluate the diagnostic value of these markers in differentiating between malignant and benign pleural fluids.MethodsIt is a cross sectional study in which a total of 72 pleural fluid samples over a period of 2 years received in the cytology department of the hospital were evaluated. The cytological analysis was done by two independent cytopathologists and interpreted as either malignant or benign. Four morphological markers of CI were counted in the May‐Grünwald Giemsa (MGG) stained smears of all the cases and the score was compared with the conventional cyto‐morphological diagnosis.ResultsOut of 72 cases, there were 42 malignant and 30 benign effusions on cytological examination. The mean score of micronuclei count, nuclear budding, chromatin bridging and multipolar mitosis in malignant effusions were 7.26 ± 2.74, 9.55 ± 5.53, 1.83 ± 1.17, and 2.21 ± 1.62 respectively that was significantly higher than the benign effusions (1 ± 0.71, 1.1 ± 0.86, 0.38 ± 0.50, and 0.15 ± 0.37 respectively) (p < .05). On Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, a cut‐off of 5 for the MN count had a sensitivity of 88% and specificity of 100% in detecting malignant pleural effusion [Area under curve (AUC) 95.8%, p < .001].ConclusionEvaluation of morphological indicators of CI on routine MGG stained smears is a simple and cost‐effective method to differentiate between benign and malignant pleural fluids.
Transformative climate governance in small Swedish municipalities: Exploring the cases of Enköping and Kiruna
Authors: Kronvall Anna , Haupt Wolfgang , Kern Kristine 
Published: November 2023

AbstractLocal authorities are important actors in sustainability transformations, but smaller municipalities generally do not have the same capacities as larger ones to work strategically with climate‐related risks and long‐term sustainability issues. Our study analyses the efforts of two Swedish local authorities to build capacity for transformative climate governance, paying attention to how structural factors and multi‐level governance relations shape local capacity building. Drawing on interviews with municipal staff and the analysis of policy documents we show that both local authorities are increasingly applying experimental climate governance approaches. In Enköping, innovative governance processes support sustainability objectives and promote public–private collaboration. In Kiruna, the necessity to move the town centre has advanced innovation capacity but steals attention from other issues. We conclude that vertical and horizontal multi‐level governance relations facilitate capacity building, but in a national context where climate action is largely voluntary, more support is needed for smaller municipalities with limited resources to reach their climate goals.
Sorting and simultaneous quantitation of intact mixed‐cell samples via capillary isotachophoresis
Authors: Gordon Olivia , Gibbons Joshua , Lamp Jared , Lantz Andrew W. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractA great need currently exists for rapid, inexpensive, and accurate methods for microbial analysis in the medical, food, industrial, and water quality fields. Here, a novel capillary isotachophoresis (CITP) method is presented for the focusing, sorting, and quantitation of intact cells in mixed samples based on their electrophoretic mobility ranges. Using a series of ion spacers dissolved in the sample, this technique results in several efficient cell peaks in the electropherogram corresponding to specific cell electrophoretic mobility ranges. The concentrations of different species in mixed‐cell samples are determined from the cell peak areas and the known peak response factors for the cell species using a series of linear equations. Method design and optimization are discussed, including the choice of running buffer, pH, and ion spacers. Mixed‐cell samples of up to four different species were focused and quantified as a proof‐of‐principle of the method. When sample cell concentrations were toward the middle of the linear response range, accuracies between 1% and 11% and relative standard deviations of 1%–14% were obtained, depending on the number of cell species in the mixture. This work provides a useful basis for future studies of cell quantitation using CITP, which could be potentially applied to a variety of fields including cell growth studies, microbial contamination testing, and sterility testing.
Novel technique of vibration minimization during hard machining
Authors: Apte Aditi D. , Shivamurthy Shivakumar , Avalappa Manjunath G , Rangaswamy Nikhil , Shinde Ashwini S. , Kulkarni Satish S. , Kumar Mukesh 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis research paper explores the performance of electrorheological fluids, widely known as smart fluids, which are popular because they experience immediate changes in their characteristics when applied to exterior magnetic or electric field. On application of high voltage, the ER fluid alters its form to semisolid from viscous liquid within a few milliseconds, which is reversible. The reversible nature of ER fluid was employed to absorb vibrations during hard machining. In this research, the consequence of the application of electric field to the ER characteristics of numerous non‐Newtonian fluids with an accumulation of TiO2 and Al2O3 nano elements are investigated. The purpose of this research is to discover the ER sample, which has the highest viscosity, highest breakdown voltage, but less sedimentation. So the selected sample can be used in ER dampers for the purpose of shock absorption. The ER fluid behaves as a mainspring with nonlinear vibration features that are managed by an arrangement of ER fluid, the structure of plunger, and the constraints of applied electric field. In this research, we have employed steel metallic specimens made from EN24T of 302BHN and the machining experiments are conducted to attain the shape parameters that can reduce the tool vibration and help improve the process of cutting at the time of machining with minimum application of fluid utilizing hard metal inserts. In this work, cutting tool parameters were analyzed like cutting force, tool wear, tool vibration amplitude, and surface roughness. It was observed that ER damper has shown its better performance at 5KV. At 5KV, cutting force was the least, tool wear was the least, tool vibration amplitude was the least, and surface roughness was the least. The use of an ER fluid damper decreases tool vibrations and successfully enhances machining performance. The machining industry will be benefited with commercialization of this technique.
Deep learning‐assisted reconfigurable intelligent surface for enhancing 6G mobile networks
Authors: Megahed Amal , Elmesalawy Mahmoud M. , Ibrahim Ibrahim I. , El‐Haleem Ahmed M. Abd 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis article presents the role of Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface (RIS) using the Multi‐Input Multi‐Output (MIMO) technique as the enabling technology to boost the achievable data rate for mobile networks of the sixth generation (6G). The RIS has been adopted to mitigate the interference at the Cell Edge User (CEU) placed where two adjacent cells are separated. That is by reflecting the incident interference signal in the CEU direction out of phase with the basic interference signals coming from the interfering BS towards the CEU. This article adopts an efficient solution for designing the RIS redirecting (reflection) matrix with trivial training overhead using Deep Learning (DL) technology. Whereas a few of the reflecting elements in RIS are chosen to be active (attached to the baseband), whilst the majority are chosen to be passive, in which the active element's channels are known and used as medium indicators and indicate further the positions of the transmitter and receiver. This article illustrated the efficacy of the adopted framework with DL, by changing the training parameters regarding the data rates that can be achieved, the Spectral Energy Efficiency (SEE), and the Satisfaction Rate (SR). As a result, the proposed model improves the achievable data rate by a near average of 97% above the reference model. Furthermore, it enhances the achievable data rate above the baseline model that assumes no RIS used by an average of 115%. Therefore, The DL method demonstrated that the proposed model is promising for enhancing 6G Mobile Networks.
Reviewing manuscripts for behavior‐analytic journals: A primer
Authors: Cengher Mirela , LeBlanc Linda A. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe peer‐review component of the editorial process is designed to facilitate quality control, legitimize scientific research, and self‐regulate scientific communities. Even though serving as a reviewer undoubtedly has direct and indirect benefits, the peer‐review system and the methods of teaching scholars to conduct reviews are nascent and relatively underdeveloped. This article describes the peer‐review process and provides recommendations for writing reviews for scientific journals. The recommendations were developed based on the expertise and preferences of editors in chief and associate editors for behavior‐analytic journals (Cengher & LeBlanc, 2024), and they include honoring your responsibility, knowing your audience, being constructive and kind, and carefully evaluating the merits of the study or review. These guidelines may serve as a primer for scholars who want to conduct reviews for scientific journals in behavior analysis.
Enantiomerization of five‐membered‐heterocycle‐embedded helicenes: A DFT study
Authors: Liu Xunshan , Liang Zhen , Jin Zhetong , Zhang Xu , Shen Chengshuo 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn this work, DFT theoretical calculations were employed to investigate the enantiomerization of helicenes embedded with five‐membered heterocycles. The original benzene rings in the helicene backbone were replaced by heterocycles such as furan, thiophene, pyrrole, or phosphole to create [n]helicenes with n ranging from 4 to 7. The impact of the type, position, and number of heterocycles on the enantiomerization barrier was systematically evaluated. Notably, the enantiomerization barrier was found to be significantly dependent on the rotatory angle and the position of the heterocycles, particularly for [4, 5]helicenes. With less rotatory angle of heterocycle, the enantiomerization barrier of helicenes was revealed to be lower, while when the heterocycle was close to the central part of the helicene chain, the barrier was also lower. Furthermore, the number of thiophene rings also had a marked effect on enantiomerization, showing a decrease of the barrier with more thiophene rings placed on the helicenes backbone. We expect this work would deliver new perspective on the relative studies for the helicene conformational conversion.
Antipsychotic prescribing patterns in children and adolescents attending Australian general practice in 2011 and 2017
Authors: Klau Julie , Gonzalez‐Chica David , Raven Melissa , Jureidini Jon 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundAntipsychotics are increasingly prescribed to children and adolescents worldwide, but little is known about reasons for prescribing. We aimed to examine patterns of paediatric antipsychotic prescribing in Australian primary care services in 2011 and 2017, including diagnoses, sociodemographic characteristics, off‐label prescribing, and psychotropic co‐prescribing.MethodsRetrospective analysis of electronic health records (EHRs) using a large Australian general practice database (MedicineInsight). Diagnoses of mental disorders were extracted from EHRs and associated with antipsychotic prescriptions within the same calendar year for three age‐groups: 0–9, 10–14, and 15–18‐year‐olds.ResultsIn 2017, children/adolescents with mental health diagnoses were more likely to be prescribed antipsychotics (2.9% of 27,412 patients) than in 2011 (2.0% of 8418 patients; absolute difference +0.9, 95% CI + 0.5, +1.4). The likelihood was greater for patients with bipolar disorders (21.6% vs. 41.5%), eating disorders (1.1% vs. 7.2%), and autism without behavioural problems (3.7% vs. 6.1%). Depression/anxiety (adjusted 26.8% of patients 2011; 30.8% 2017) was the most common diagnosis associated with antipsychotics in both years. Most antipsychotics were prescribed off‐label (69.8% 2011; 79.7% 2017; absolute difference +9.8, 95% CI + 1.54, +18.4). Off‐label prescribing increased most among those aged 15–18‐years, females, and patients living in outer regional/remote/very remote communities and the most disadvantaged areas. The three most frequently prescribed antipsychotics in both years were risperidone, quetiapine, and olanzapine. Psychotropic co‐prescribing among patients receiving antipsychotic prescriptions was approximately 69% in both years.ConclusionsPrescribing antipsychotics for mental health diagnoses to children/adolescents attending Australian general practices was more frequent in 2017 than 2011, and most commonly associated with depression/anxiety diagnoses. In both years, most prescribing was off‐label. The majority of patients were co‐prescribed other classes of psychotropics along with antipsychotics.
Insulin signaling in dopaminergic neurons regulates extended memory formation in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Kanakalatha Rasitha Santhosh , Thekkuveettil Anoopkumar 
Published: November 2023

AbstractInsulin alters several brain functions, and perturbations in insulin levels could be a precipitating factor for Parkinson's disease, a disease associated with the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons. It is unclear whether insulin alters the dopamine signaling pathway and modulates learning and memory. In Caenorhabditis elegans, daf‐2 insulin receptor mutants have extended memory when trained for olfactory adaptation. In this study, we show that the absence of daf‐2 receptors in dopamine neurons results in this unusual learning behavior. Our results show that insulin function in memory is dopamine‐dependent. In the absence of the daf‐2 receptor, the calcium influx in dopamine neurons shows an altered pattern resulting in memory recall for an extended period. These results indicate that learning and memory involve insulin–dopamine crosstalk. Imbalances in this pathway result in changes in memory recall.
Lamin A/C mediates microglial activation by modulating cell proliferation and immune response
Authors: Liu Haotian , Liu Xinnan , Luo Shiqi , Ma Rayna , Ge Wei , Meng Shu , Gao Yanpan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractLamin A/C is involved in macrophage activation and premature aging, also known as progeria. As the resident macrophage in brain, overactivation of microglia causes brain inflammation, promoting aging and brain disease. In this study, we investigated the role of Lamin A/C in microglial activation and its impact on progeria using Lmna−/− mice, primary microglia, Lmna knockout (Lmna‐KO) and Lmna‐knockdown (Lmna‐KD) BV2 cell lines. We found that the microglial activation signatures, including cell proliferation, morphology changes, and proinflammatory cytokine secretion (IL‐1β, IL‐6, and TNF‐α), were significantly suppressed in all Lamin A/C‐deficient models when stimulated with LPS. TMT‐based quantitative proteomic and bioinformatic analysis were further applied to explore the mechanism of Lamin A/C‐regulated microglia activation from the proteome level. The results revealed that immune response and phagocytosis were impaired in Lmna−/− microglia. Stat1 was identified as the hub protein in the mechanism by which Lamin A/C regulates microglial activation. Additionally, DNA replication, chromatin organization, and mRNA processing were also altered by Lamin A/C, with Ki67 fulfilling the main hub function. Lamin A/C is a mechanosensitive protein and, the immune‐ and proliferation‐related biological processes are also regulated by mechanotransduction. We speculate that Lamin A/C‐mediated mechanotransduction is required for microglial activation. Our study proposes a novel mechanism for microglial activation mediated by Lamin A/C.
Feasibility of USG‐Guided Objective Initial Assessment of Pupillary Size and Pupillary Reflexes Versus Clinical Examination in Patients With Altered Mental Status
Authors: Modi Priyanka , Bhoi Sanjeev , Aggarwal Praveen , Nayer Jamshed , Sinha Tej Prakash , Ekka Meera , Mishra Prakash Ranjan , Kumar Akshay , Pandey Savan 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundPupillary assessment is an important part of the neurological assessment which provides vital information in critically ill patients. However, clinical pupillary assessment is subjective. The ultrasound‐guided pupillary examination is objective. There are limited pieces of literature regarding its use in assessing patients with altered mental status. So, we studied the extent of agreement of B‐mode ultrasound with clinical examination for assessment of the pupillary size and reflex in patients with altered mental status.ObjectivesThe primary objective was to determine the extent of agreement between clinical examination and ultrasound‐based examination for assessing pupillary reflex and size in patients with altered mental status in two settings (trauma and non‐trauma patients).MethodsExactly 200 subjects (158 males, mean [range] age 43.56 [18–92 years]) with no history of partial globe rupture or dementia were included in this cross‐sectional study from March 2019 to March 2020. B‐mode ultrasound was performed with the subject's eyes closed using a 7–12 MHz linear probe and a standardized light stimulus. ICC score, paired t‐test, kappa, Wilcoxon signed‐rank test, and Bland–Altman plots were used for statistical analysis.ResultsThe clinical‐USG agreement for pupillary light reflex examination (Pupillary Diameter [PD] at rest, after direct light stimulation [Dstim] and consensual light stimulation [Cstim]) was excellent (ICC, 0.93–0.96). The Kappa coefficient (0.74 ± 0.07) showed an agreement of 87.36% between clinical and USG examination for pupillary reflex (reactive or non‐reactive).ConclusionUSG‐guided pupillary examination proves to be a better adjunct to neurological assessment in patients with altered mental status.
Taming the data deluge: A novel end‐to‐end deep learning system for classifying marine biological and environmental images
Authors: Bi Hongsheng , Cheng Yunhao , Cheng Xuemin , Benfield Mark C. , Kimmel David G. , Zheng Haiyong , Groves Sabrina , Ying Kezhen 
Published: November 2023

AbstractUnderwater imaging enables nondestructive plankton sampling at frequencies, durations, and resolutions unattainable by traditional methods. These systems necessitate automated processes to identify organisms efficiently. Early underwater image processing used a standard approach: binarizing images to segment targets, then integrating deep learning models for classification. While intuitive, this infrastructure has limitations in handling high concentrations of biotic and abiotic particles, rapid changes in dominant taxa, and highly variable target sizes. To address these challenges, we introduce a new framework that starts with a scene classifier to capture large within‐image variation, such as disparities in the layout of particles and dominant taxa. After scene classification, scene‐specific Mask regional convolutional neural network (Mask R‐CNN) models are trained to separate target objects into different groups. The procedure allows information to be extracted from different image types, while minimizing potential bias for commonly occurring features. Using in situ coastal plankton images, we compared the scene‐specific models to the Mask R‐CNN model encompassing all scene categories as a single full model. Results showed that the scene‐specific approach outperformed the full model by achieving a 20% accuracy improvement in complex noisy images. The full model yielded counts that were up to 78% lower than those enumerated by the scene‐specific model for some small‐sized plankton groups. We further tested the framework on images from a benthic video camera and an imaging sonar system with good results. The integration of scene classification, which groups similar images together, can improve the accuracy of detection and classification for complex marine biological images.