bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Almanac of American Politics
Authors: Cohen Richard , Cook Charlie 
Published: October 2023

57 long form entries

The 2024 Almanac of American Politics marks the 51st edition for this political reference icon. The Almanac of American Politics continues to be the gold standard of accessible political information, relied on by everyone involved, invested, or interested in politics in the United States of America. Highly regarded for its in-depth analysis and comprehensive profiles of every congressional district, state, governor and member of Congress, The Almanac is the tool readers need to better understand the context of the people and perspectives shaping the issues that matter to readers. The 2024 edition includes:

• Brand new profiles of every member of Congress and every governor.

• New in-depth narrative descriptions of ALL 50 states and 435 House districts and how they have been changed by redistricting.

• New profiles of President Joe Biden and Vice President Kamala Harris by Lou Peck.

• New essays featuring political analyses of co-author Charlie Cook and founding author Michael Barone.

• Analysis of the 2022 elections for Senate, House, and governor races, and how those results shape the public policy debates in Congress and the nation.

• A breakdown of the votes cast for President in 2020 for all states and districts (updated to account for new congressional districts), including primaries.

• Campaign finance data for all Senators and House members—plus their challengers--in the most recent election, including all-new listings of the “outside money” spent in those contests.

• Analysis of voter turnout in each state and new congressional districts for the 2020 presidential elections.

• More than 60 brand new state and congressional district maps, the key votes cast by members of the House and Senate, interest group ratings, and more.

• “Almanac Vote Ratings” on congressional members.

• Lists of Statewide Elected Officials.

• Updated voter registration data.

• Vital statistics on Congress data tables.

• Updated demographic information for every state and district, including information from the Census Bureau’s American Community Survey, with new categories of economic, occupational, social, and geographic data.

• Census data featuring updated veteran status data, healthcare data including the rate of insured vs. uninsured in each congressional district, and new public assistance data.

• Essential reference and contact information.
Physiotherapist-led, exercise-based telerehabilitation for older adults improves patient and health service outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Wicks Matoula , Dennett Amy M , Peiris Casey L 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background
Telerehabilitation can be an appropriate alternative to face-to-face rehabilitation for adults; however, it is uncertain whether it is safe and effective for older adults.

Objective
This review aimed to determine the effect of physiotherapist-led, exercise-based telerehabilitation for older adults on patient outcomes (health-related quality of life, activity limitation, functional impairment) and health service costs.

Methods
Randomised or non-randomised controlled trials including community-dwelling older adults (mean age ≥ 65 years) who received exercise-based telerehabilitation led by a physiotherapist were eligible. Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Medline, PubMed and Cochrane Library were searched from the earliest available date to August 2022. Methodological quality was assessed using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database scale. Data were synthesised with inverse variance, random-effects meta-analyses to determine standardised mean differences and 95% confidence intervals. Certainty of evidence was determined by applying Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation criteria.

Results
Eleven studies (10 randomised) with 1,400 participants (mean age 65–74 years) experiencing musculoskeletal and cardiopulmonary conditions were included. Telerehabilitation was safe, effective and well adhered to. Telerehabilitation was non-inferior to face-to-face physiotherapy in relation to range of movement, strength, 6-min walk distance (6MWD), timed up and go test (TUGT) and quality of life and had lower health-care costs compared with face-to-face physiotherapy. Compared with no intervention, telerehabilitation participants had significantly better range of motion, strength, quality of life, 6MWD and TUGT speed.

Conclusion
Physiotherapist-led, exercise-based telerehabilitation is non-inferior to face-to-face rehabilitation and better than no intervention for older adults with musculoskeletal and cardiopulmonary conditions.
Model-assisted analysis for tuning anthocyanin composition in grape berries
Authors: Wang Yongjian , Shang Boxing , Génard Michel , Hilbert-Masson Ghislaine , Delrot Serge , Gomès Eric , Poni Stefano , Keller Markus , Renaud Christel , Kong Junhua , Chen Jinliang , Liang Zhenchang , Dai Zhanwu 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Anthocyanin composition is responsible for the red colour of grape berries and wines, and contributes to their organoleptic quality. However, anthocyanin biosynthesis is under genetic, developmental and environmental regulation, making its targeted fine-tuning challenging. We constructed a mechanistic model to simulate the dynamics of anthocyanin composition throughout grape ripening in Vitis vinifera, employing a consensus anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway. The model was calibrated and validated using six datasets from eight cultivars and 37 growth conditions. Tuning the transformation and degradation parameters allowed us to accurately simulate the accumulation process of each individual anthocyanin under different environmental conditions. The model parameters were robust across environments for each genotype. The coefficients of determination (R2) for the simulated versus observed values for the six datasets ranged from 0.92 to 0.99, while the relative root mean square errors (RRMSEs) were between 16.8 and 42.1 %. The leave-one-out cross-validation for three datasets showed R2 values of 0.99, 0.96 and 0.91, and RRMSE values of 28.8, 32.9 and 26.4 %, respectively, suggesting a high prediction quality of the model. Model analysis showed that the anthocyanin profiles of diverse genotypes are relatively stable in response to parameter perturbations. Virtual experiments further suggested that targeted anthocyanin profiles may be reached by manipulating a minimum of three parameters, in a genotype-dependent manner. This model presents a promising methodology for characterizing the temporal progression of anthocyanin composition, while also offering a logical foundation for bioengineering endeavours focused on precisely adjusting the anthocyanin composition of grapes.
Adaptive neural network observer for proton-exchange membrane fuel cell system
Authors: El Aoumari Abdelaziz , Ouadi Hamid , El-Bakkouri Jamal , Giri Fouad 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This paper develops an adaptive neural network (NN) observer for proton-exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). Indeed, information on the oxygen excess ratio (OER) value is crucial to ensure optimal management of the durability and reliability of the PEMFC. The OER indicator is computed from the mass of oxygen and nitrogen inside the PEMFC cathode. Unfortunately, the measurement process of both these masses is difficult and costly. To solve this problem, the design of a PEMFC state observer is attractive. However, the behaviour of the fuel cell system is highly non-linear and its modelling is complex. Due to this constraint, a multilayer perceptron neural network (MLPNN)-based observer is proposed in this paper to estimate the oxygen and nitrogen masses. One notable advantage of the suggested MLPNN observer is that it does not require a database to train the NN. Indeed, the weights of the NN are updated in real time using the output error. In addition, the observer parameters, namely the learning rate and the damping factor, are online adapted using the optimization tools of extremum seeking. Moreover, the proposed observer stability analysis is performed using the Lyapunov theory. The observer performances are validated by simulation under MATLAB®/Simulink®. The supremacy of the proposed adaptive MLPNN observer is highlighted by comparison with a fixed-parameter MLPNN observer and a classical high-gain observer (HGO). The mean relative error value of the excess oxygen rate is considered the performance index, which is equal to 1.01% for an adaptive MLPNN and 3.95% and 9.95% for a fixed MLPNN and HGO, respectively. Finally, a robustness test of the proposed observer with respect to measurement noise is performed.
Genetic and clinical characterization of familial renal glucosuria
Authors: Xu Lubin , Zhao Ruohuan , Zhao Yumo , Tang Xueqing , Si Nuo , Guo Xiuzhi , Yue Cai , Nie Min , Chen Limeng 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT

Background
Familial renal glucosuria (FRG) is a hereditary disorder caused by variants in SLC5A2 encoding sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2). In this study, we aimed to characterize proximal tubule solute transport, glucagon secretion and the genotype–phenotype relationship in FRG patients.

Methods
We sequenced SLC5A2 and PDZK1IP1 in 21 FRG patients and measured the renal threshold of glucose (RTG) in 15 patients. We built an open-source online calculator of RTG, evaluated the proximal tubule transport of amino acid, uric acid and phosphate, and explored glucagon secretion after glucose ingestion in FRG patients.

Results
We identified 12 novel SLC5A2 variants (G484D, R564W, A212S, c.574+1G&gt;C, W649*, S592Cfs*6, Q579*, Y339*, V39F, G491E, A464E and G360D) in our cohort and yielded 111 SLC5A2 variants from literature review. RTG in our cohort ranged from 1.0 to 9.2 mmol/L. Patients with two SLC5A2 variants had lower RTG (3.9 vs 6.2 mmol/L) and higher 24-h urinary glucose excretion (24hUG) than single-variant carriers (291.0 vs 40.0 mmol/1.73 m2). Patients with homozygous missense or in-frame indels had mean 24hUG of 457.2 mmol/1.73 m2, comparable to those with homozygous truncating variants (445.0 mmol/1.73 m2) and significantly more than those with homozygous splicing variants (196.6 mmol/1.73 m2). Patients with homozygous missense variants involving conservative residues (582.0 mmol/1.73 m2) had more 24hUG than those with variants at non-conservative residues (257.6 mmol/1.73 m2). Four out of 14 tested patients had mild aminoaciduria. The RTG of FRG patients had no significant correlation to phosphate reabsorption but a potential negative correlation to the fractional excretion of uric acid. Postprandial suppression of glucagon secretion was absent in most FRG patients.

Conclusions
We built a comprehensive map showing the impact of SLC5A2 variant type and variant location on glucosuria severity. Our results highlighted the role of key residues in maintaining the transport function of SGLT2 and the functional link between glucosuria and reabsorption of amino acid and uric acid in FRG patients.
Histologic Inflammation can Predict Future Clinical Relapse in Ulcerative Colitis Patients in Endoscopic Remission
Authors: George Lauren A , Feldman Harris T , Alizadeh Madeline , Abutaleb Ameer , Zullow Samantha , Hine Ashley , Stashek Kristen , Sarkar Suparna , Sun Katherine , Hudesman David , Axelrad Jordan , Cross Raymond K 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background
In ulcerative colitis (UC), endoscopic improvement, defined as a Mayo Endoscopic Score (MES) of 0 or 1, is a target of treatment. The aim of our study was to evaluate the risk of clinical relapse between patients with an MES of 0 or 1 and determine if histologic activity using the Robarts Histopathologic Index (RHI) was predictive of clinical relapse.

Methods
UC patients with an MES score of 0 or 1, no prior colectomy, and at least 1 year of outpatient follow-up after colonoscopy were included. Demographic, clinical characteristics, and clinical relapse were retrospectively collected. Biopsy specimens were read by a gastrointestinal pathologist. Primary outcome was defined as a composite of relapse requiring change in medical therapy, new steroid use, UC-related hospitalization, and/or colectomy.

Results
Four hundred and forty-five UC patients were identified. Ninety-five percent of patients with MES 0 were in histologic remission by the RHI whereas only 35% of patients with MES 1 were in histologic remission. Twenty-six percent of patients experienced a clinical relapse; patients with MES 1 or RHI &gt; 3 were significantly more likely to relapse (P &lt; .01) compared to patients with MES 0 or RHI ≤ 3. When patients were stratified into 4 groups (MES 0, RHI ≤ 3; MES 0, RHI &gt; 3; MES 1, RHI ≤ 3; MES 1, RHI &gt; 3) and adjusted for age and sex, RHI &gt; 3 was predictive of relapse (P = .008).

Conclusions
UC patients with endoscopic improvement have a high rate of clinical relapse over time. Histologic activity is a predictor of clinical relapse.
Pericardial infiltration and constriction due to cardiac actinomycosis—case report
Authors: Korkchi Niloufar , Ngo Linh , Fong Kwun M , Chaudhuri Alex , Godbolt David , Ranasinghe Isuru 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background
Constrictive pericarditis associated with actinomycosis infection is a rare and challenging diagnosis due to its insidious manifestation. We describe the successful treatment of pericardial infiltration and constriction due to actinomycosis.

Case summary
A 50-year-old Aboriginal man presented with insidious onset of fatigue, dyspnoea, pleuritic chest pain, fever, drenching sweats, severe exercise intolerance to 50 m, and recurrent itchy skin lesions over 8 months. Prior investigations, including serial fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-Positron emission tomography scans, found a progressively enlarging, metabolically active anterior mediastinal mass with two biopsies on separate occasions showing no malignancy, granulomas, tuberculosis, or other pathology. Screening for infective, autoimmune, and connective tissue disease was negative. A transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE) showed fibrinous pericarditis with extensive myocardial tethering and constrictive physiology confirmed on heart catheterization. A pericardial biopsy showed inflammatory tissue only. Biopsy of a skin lesion on the buttock showed abscess formation with Splendore Hoeppli phenomenon with Gram-positive and Grocott-positive filamentous bacteria suggestive of actinomyces, confirmed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. He was diagnosed with cardiac actinomycosis, likely due to mediastinal infiltration from a lung infection, with haematogenous spread and treated with Penicillin G with adjunctive high-dose steroid therapy with resolution of symptoms and marked improvement in TTE features of constriction after 6 weeks.

Discussion
Actinomycosis is an extremely rare cause of pericardial infiltration and constriction yet highly sensitive to penicillin, highlighting the importance of accurate diagnosis. Corticosteroids are a useful adjunct to prevent chronic constrictive pericarditis and to avoid the high morbidity and mortality associated with pericardiectomy.
Patient satisfaction, safety, and efficacy of nurse-led compared to physician-led implantation of cardiac monitors
Authors: Steinhauer Barbara , Dütschler Sophie , Spicher Jasmin , Aerschmann Sarah , Ambord Nicole , Bartkowiak Joanna , Tawo Serlha , Thalmann Gregor , Servatius Helge , Noti Fabian , Seiler Jens , Baldinger Samuel , Haeberlin Andreas , Madaffari Antonio , Tanner Hildegard , Reichlin Tobias , Roten Laurent 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Aims
Implantation of an implantable cardiac monitor (ICM) is a simple procedure, but adds significant and increasing workload to the arrhythmia service. In 2020, we established a nurse-led ICM implantation service. We aimed to analyse patient satisfaction, adverse events during implant, and ICM re-interventions with nurse-led ICM implantation (N-Implant) compared to physician-led ICM implantation (P-Implant).

Methods and results
From January 2020 to December 2021, we included all consecutive patients implanted with an ICM in a prospective registry. We collected data on patient characteristics, implant procedure, and follow-up. Patients were interviewed by phone four weeks after ICM implantation.
Of 321 patients implanted with an ICM (median age 67 years; 33% women), 189 (59%) were N-Implants. More N-Implants were performed in the outpatient clinic compared to P-Implants (95% vs. 8%; P &lt; 0.001). Two N-Implant patients experienced vaso-vagal reaction during implantation (1%), whereas no adverse events occurred during P-Implant (P = 0.51). A total of 297 patients (93%) completed the questionnaire. Duration of pain was shorter and wound closure after 2 weeks better following N-Implant (P = 0.019 and P = 0.018). A minor bruise or swelling at the implant site was reported more frequently after N-Implant (P = 0.003 and P = 0.041). Patient satisfaction was excellent with both N-Implant and P-Implant (99% and 97%; P = 0.16). After a median follow-up of 242 days (range 7–725 days), five ICMs (2%) were explanted prematurely, without differences among groups. Reasons for premature explants were local discomfort (n = 2), infection, MRI, and ICM malfunction.

Conclusion
Nurse-led ICM implantation has excellent patient satisfaction without compromising safety. N-Implant both expands nursing competencies and reduces physician workload.
Lifetime exercise dose and ventricular arrhythmias in patients with mitral valve prolapse
Authors: Five Christian K , Hasselberg Nina E , Aaserud Linda T , Castrini Anna Isotta , Vlaisavljevic Katarina , Lie Øyvind , Rootwelt-Norberg Christine , Aabel Eivind W , Haugaa Kristina H 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Aims
Patients with mitral valve prolapse (MVP) have high risk of life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias (VAs). Data on the impact of exercise on arrhythmic risk in these patients are lacking. We explored whether lifetime exercise dose was associated with severe VA and with established risk factors in patients with MVP. Furthermore, we explored the circumstances at the VA event.

Methods and results
In this retrospective cohort study, we included patients with MVP and assessed lifetime exercise dose as metabolic equivalents of task (MET) hours/week. Severe VA was defined as sustained ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation, aborted cardiac arrest, and appropriate shock by a primary preventive implantable cardioverter defibrillator. We included 136 MVP patients (48 years [interquartile range (IQR) 35–59], 61% female), and 17 (13%) had previous severe VA. The lifetime exercise dose did not differ in patients with and without severe VA (17 MET h/week [IQR 9–27] vs. 14 MET h/week [IQR 6–31], P = 0.34). Lifetime exercise dose &gt; 9.6 MET h/week was a borderline significant marker for severe VA (OR 3.38, 95% CI 0.92–12.40, P = 0.07), while not when adjusted for age (OR 2.63, 95% CI 0.66–10.56, P = 0.17). Ventricular arrhythmia events occurred most frequently during wakeful rest (53%), followed by exercise (29%) and sleep (12%).

Conclusion
We found no clear association between moderate lifetime exercise dose and severe VA in patients with MVP. We cannot exclude an upper threshold for safe levels of exercise. Further studies are needed to explore exercise and risk of severe VA.
Colonization efficiency of multidrug-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae in a female mouse model
Authors: Kikiowo Babatomiwa , Bandara Aloka B , Abutaleb Nader S , Seleem Mohamed N 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The rapid occurrence of gonococcal resistance to all classes of antibiotics could lead to untreatable gonorrhea. Thus, development of novel anti-Neisseria gonorrhoeae drugs is urgently needed. Neisseria gonorrhoeae FA1090 is the most used in gonococcal infection mouse models because of its natural resistance to streptomycin. Streptomycin inhibits the urogenital commensal flora that permits gonococcal colonization. However, this strain is drug-susceptible and cannot be used to investigate the efficacy of novel agents against multidrug-resistant N. gonorrhoeae. Hence, to test the in vivo efficacy of new therapeutics against N. gonorrhoeae resistant to the frontline antibiotics, azithromycin, or ceftriaxone, we constructed streptomycin-resistant mutants of N. gonorrhoeae CDC-181 (azithromycin-resistant) and WHO-X (ceftriaxone-resistant). We identified the inoculum size needed to successfully colonize mice. Both mutants, CDC-181-rpsLA128G and WHO-X-rpsLA128G, colonized the genital tract of mice for 14 days with 100% colonization observed for at least 7 days. CDC-181-rpsLA128G demonstrated better colonization of the murine genital tract compared to WHO-X-rpsLA128G. Lower inoculum of WHO-X-rpsLA128G (105 and 106 CFU) colonized mice better than higher inoculum. Overall, our results indicate that CDC-181-rpsLA128G and WHO-X-rpsLA128G can colonize the lower genital tract of mice and are suitable to be used in mouse models to investigate the efficacy of antigonococcal agents.
Seismic attenuation tomography of Eastern Europe from ambient seismic noise analysis
Authors: Borleanu F , Petrescu L , Placinta A O , Magrini F , Grecu B , Radulian M , De Siena L 
Published: October 2023

SUMMARY
The Eastern-Europe region (EER), is a complex geotectonic area that captures part of the Alpine-Himalayan Orogen, the subduction of multiple NeoTethys Branches and part of the East European Craton. It is one of the most exciting geological areas in Europe due to a diversity of tectonic processes acting within it: extensional basin evolution, oceanic subduction, post-collisional volcanism, as well as active crustal deformation associated with the push of the Adria plate or the pull of the actively detaching Vrancea slab. This makes EER an excellent natural laboratory to study the behaviour of the lithosphere–asthenosphere system in a heterogeneous tectonic setting. To investigate the lateral heterogeneity and physical properties of the crust in the EER, we use ambient seismic noise data recorded by the vertical components of broad-band stations that have been operational between 1999 and 2020 in Eastern Europe and surrounding regions. We used this significant amount of data and the latest processing techniques of the ambient seismic noise field based on the continuous wavelet transform to compute cross-correlations between various station pairs, turning every available seismic station into a virtual source. The coda of the interstation cross-correlograms were used to determine coda quality factors (Qc) of Rayleigh waves in four different period ranges (3.0–5.0, 5.0–10.0, 10.0–20.0 and 20.0–30.0 s) and to invert them in the 2-D space, constructing the highest resolution attenuation tomography of the region. Our results reveal high attenuation features throughout the northeast Pannonian region, the Bohemian Massif, the East Carpathians and the Moesian Platform. Nevertheless, our findings do not emphasize a close correlation between the depth of sedimentary basins and attenuation features identified at longer periods. In addition, Qc variations are larger at short periods, indicating higher heterogeneity in the uppermost crust of Eastern Europe. Our findings demonstrate the higher efficiency of noise correlation approaches relative to earthquake data analyses investigating Qc at low frequencies.