bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
From the Tully–Fisher relation to the Fundamental Plane through mergers
Authors: Aceves Héctor , Velázquez Héctor 
Published: June 2005

Abstract
We set up a series of self-consistent N-body simulations to investigate the Fundamental Plane of merger remnants of spiral galaxies. These last ones are obtained from a theoretical Tully–Fisher relation at z = 1, assuming a constant mass-to-light ratio within the Λ cold dark matter cosmogony. Using a Sérsic growth curve and an orthogonal fitting method, we find that the Fundamental Plane of our merger remnants is described by the relation Reασ1.48±0.010I−0.75±0.01e, which is in good agreement with that reported from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, Reασ1.49±0.050I−0.75±0.01e. However, the R1/4-profile leads to a Fundamental Plane given by Reασ1.79±0.010I−0.60±0.01e. In general, the correlation found in our merger remnants arises from homology breaking (V2ασν0, RgαRηe) in combination with a mass scaling relation between the total and luminous mass, MαMγL. Considering an orthogonal fitting method, it is found that 1.74 ≲ ν ≲ 1.79, 0.21 ≲ η ≲ 0.52 and 0.80 ≲ γ ≲ 0.90 depending on the adopted profile (Sérsic or R1/4).
Accretion of cool stellar winds on to Sgr A*: another puzzle of the Galactic Centre?
Authors: Cuadra Jorge , Nayakshin Sergei , Springel Volker , Di Matteo Tiziana 
Published: June 2005

Abstract
Sgr A* is currently being fed by winds from a cluster of gravitationally bound young mass-losing stars. Using observational constraints on the orbits, mass-loss rates and wind velocities of these stars, we numerically model the distribution of gas in the ∼ 0.1–10 arcsec region around Sgr A*. We find that radiative cooling of recently discovered slow winds leads to the formation of many cool filaments and blobs, and to a thin and rather light accretion disc on a scale of about an arcsecond. The disc, however, does not extend all the way to our inner boundary. Instead, hot X-ray-emitting gas dominates the inner arcsecond. In our simulations, cool streams of gas frequently enter this region on low angular momentum orbits, and are then disrupted and heated up to the ambient hot gas temperature. The accreting gas around Sgr A* is thus two-phase, with a hot component, observable at X-ray wavelengths, and a cool component, which may be responsible for the majority of the time variability of Sgr A* emission on time-scales of 100–1000 yr. We obtain an accretion rate of a few ×10−6 M⊙ yr−1, consistent with Chandra estimates, but variable on time-scales even shorter than 100 yr. These results strongly depend on the chosen stellar orbits and wind parameters. Further observational input is thus key to a better modelling of the Sgr A* wind accretion.
The dark halo of the main lens galaxy in QSO 0957 + 561
Authors: Goicoechea L. J. , Gil-Merino R. , Ullán A. 
Published: June 2005

Abstract
We present an analysis of infrared/optical/ultraviolet spectra of the two images of the first gravitationally lensed quasar Q0957 + 561A,B. The Hubble Space Telescope observations of Q0957 + 561A and Q0957 + 561B are separated in time by the known time delay in this system, so we can directly deduce the flux ratios. These flux ratios of images lead to important information on the dark halo of the main lens galaxy (a giant elliptical at redshift z = 0.36). Our measurements for the continuum are in good agreement with extinction in the elliptical galaxy and a small fraction of mass in collapsed objects (no need for gravitational microlensing). From the continuum and emission-line ratios, we also show evidence in favour of the existence of a network of compact dusty clouds.
Constraints on jet X-ray emission in low/hard-state X-ray binaries
Authors: Maccarone Thomas J. 
Published: June 2005

Abstract
We show that the similarities between the X-ray properties of low-luminosity accreting black holes and accreting neutron stars, combined with the differences in their radio properties, argue that the X-rays from these systems are unlikely to be formed in the relativistic jets. Specifically, the spectra of extreme island-state neutron stars and low/hard-state black holes are known to be quite similar, while the power spectra from these systems are known to show only minor differences beyond what would be expected from scaling the characteristic variability frequencies by the mass of the compact object. The spectral and temporal similarities thus imply a common emission mechanism that has only minor deviations from having all key parameters scaling linearly with the mass of the compact object, while we show that this is inconsistent with the observations that the radio powers of neutron stars are typically about 30 times lower than those of black holes at the same X-ray luminosity. We also show that an abrupt luminosity change would be expected when a system makes a spectral state transition from a radiatively inefficient jet-dominated accretion flow to a thin disc-dominated flow, but that such a change is not seen.
Outliers to the peak energy–isotropic energy relation in gamma-ray bursts
Authors: Nakar Ehud , Piran Tsvi 
Published: June 2005

Abstract
The peak energy–isotropic energy (EpEi) relation is among the most intriguing recent discoveries concerning gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). It can have numerous implications for our understanding of the emission mechanism of the bursts and for the application of GRBs to cosmological studies. However, this relation has been verified only for a small sample of bursts with measured redshifts. We propose here a test of whether a burst with an unknown redshift can potentially satisfy the EpEi relation. Applying this test to a large sample of BATSE bursts, we find that a significant fraction of those bursts cannot satisfy this relation. Our test is sensitive only to dim and hard bursts, and therefore this relation might still hold as an inequality (i.e. there are no intrinsically bright and soft bursts). We conclude that the observed relation seen in the sample of bursts with known redshift might be influenced by observational biases and the inability to locate and to localize well hard and weak bursts that have only a small number of photons. In particular, we point out that the threshold for detection, localization and redshift measurement is essentially higher than the threshold for detection alone. We predict that Swift will detect some hard and weak bursts that would be outliers to the EpEi relation. However, we cannot quantify this prediction. We stress the importance of understanding the detection–localization–redshift threshold for the coming Swift detections.
Simulating a faint gamma-ray burst population
Authors: Coward D. M. 
Published: June 2005

Abstract
There have now been three supernova-associated gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) at redshift z &lt; 0.17, namely 980425, 030329 and 031203, but the nearby and under-luminous GRBs 980425 and 031203 are distinctly different from the ‘classical’ or standard GRBs. It has been suggested that they could be classical GRBs observed away from their jet axes, or they might belong to a population of under-energetic GRBs. Recent radio observations of the afterglow of GRB 980425 suggest that different engines may be responsible for the observed diversity of cosmic explosions. Given this assumption, a crude constraint on a luminosity function for faint GRBs with a mean luminosity similar to that of GRB 980425 and an upper limit on the rate density of 980425-type events, we simulate the redshift distribution of under-luminous GRBs assuming BATSE and Swift sensitivities. A local rate density of about 0.6 per cent of the local supernova Type Ib/c rate yields simulated probabilities for under-luminous events to occur at rates comparable to the BATSE GRB low-redshift distribution. In this scenario the probability of BATSE/HETE detecting at least one GRB at z &lt; 0.05 is 0.78 over 4.5 years, a result that is comparable with observation. Swift has the potential to detect 1–5 under-luminous GRBs during one year of observation.
Information content of the non-linear matter power spectrum
Authors: Rimes Christopher D. , Hamilton Andrew J. S. 
Published: June 2005

Abstract
We use an ensemble of N-body simulations of the currently favoured (concordance) cosmological model to measure the amount of information contained in the non-linear matter power spectrum about the amplitude of the initial power spectrum. Two surprising results emerge from this study: (i) that there is very little independent information in the power spectrum in the translinear regime (k≃ 0.2 –0.8 h Mpc−1 at the present day) over and above the information at linear scales; and (ii) that the cumulative information begins to rise sharply again with increasing wavenumber in the non-linear regime. In the fully non-linear regime, the simulations are consistent with no loss of information during translinear and non-linear evolution. If this is indeed the case then the results suggest a picture in which translinear collapse is very rapid, and is followed by a bounce prior to virialization, impelling a wholesale revision of the HKLM–Peacock & Dodds formalism.
Justice in River Management: Community Perceptions from the Hunter Valley, New South Wales, Australia
Authors: Hillman Mick 
Published: June 2005

AbstractDealing with differing and sometimes conflicting criteria for priority‐setting is an essential part of sustainable natural resource management. However, all too often, these ethical and political considerations are neglected within a planning regime based upon apparently ‘objective’ biophysical assessment techniques. Input into associated decision‐making processes is also frequently restricted to a narrow range of ‘stakes’ based upon historical and geographic circumstances. This paper reports on the findings of interviews and discussion groups in the Hunter Valley, New South Wales, which aimed to canvass the diversity of perceptions of distributive and procedural justice in river rehabilitation. A range of biophysical and social criteria for setting priorities in rehabilitation work was identified. Participants also had differing ideas on the composition of decision‐making bodies and on decision‐making processes. The key implications of these findings are that sustainable river management policy needs to openly address differing conceptions of justice and that rehabilitation practice should be holistic, transdisciplinary and concerned with both outcome and process.
Trace Metal Distribution Within Marine and Estuarine Sediments of Western Moreton Bay, Queensland, Australia: Relation to Land Use and Setting
Authors: Cox Malcolm E. , Preda Micaela 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThis broad‐scale investigation provides an overview of trace metal concentration and distribution within sediments in the subtropical setting of Moreton Bay on the eastern Australian coast. Samples of sediment in one‐metre long PVC cores were collected from the intertidal zone of the western shoreline of the Bay and within its main estuaries. The material is typically silty sand along the Bay shoreline, becoming more clayey within the estuaries.Downcore pH is typically between 7.0 and 8.0, with layers in some cores of pH 6.0 to 7.0. Locally, pH can fall below 5.0 due to pyrite oxidation or exceed 8.0 due to the presence of shell fragments.A comparison with results of similar studies in other highly populated centres in Australia shows that overall the Moreton Bay area sediments have relatively low metal content. Typically, concentrations are two to three times higher in fine‐grained, estuarine sediments than in sandy material along the Bay shoreline. Compared with Australian and New Zealand Environment and Conservation Council Guidelines for metal concentrations in sediments, the elements most commonly elevated and warranting further assessment are Ni, Hg, Pb, Zn, and occasionally Cd, As and Cr. The highest metal concentrations are found in estuaries, close to more populated or industrialised areas, notably along the Brisbane River.Overall, the distribution of metals in unconsolidated material is controlled by (a) the heavy metal affinity for Fe‐ and Mn‐rich oxidised sediments, (b) grain size, (c) background concentrations in local rocks, and (d) conditions of weathering and deposition. For example, natural elevation of Fe occurs in marine sediments adjacent to areas of Tertiary basalts and this has produced a relative increase in a number of trace metals in those sediments.Typically, trace metals correlate well with Al, and with Fe and Mn oxyhydroxides. The results of this study show that in the western Moreton Bay region, natural controls have the major influence over metal distribution; although urban and industrial inputs exist, for much of the area they are secondary. The main sources of introduced trace metals are presumed to be light industry (such as maritime and port facilities, petroleum refineries and storage, manufacturing and chemical processes), landfills, agriculture and intensive fertilising (for example, golf courses) as well as the composite effect of urban centres. Overall, higher concentrations of metals are closely related to intense development. If specific locations are targeted for focussed sampling, elevated concentrations of metals are likely to be found locally.
Re‐valuing the Fringe: Some Findings on the Value of Agricultural Production in Australia's Peri‐Urban Regions
Authors: Houston Peter 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe agriculture that occurs in Australia's peri‐urban regions is not well understood, nor has its economic value ever been examined systematically. Using a spatial frame derived from research into population change, Agricultural Census data are used to calculate the value of this agricultural production. The analysis suggests that peri‐urban regions in the five mainland States produce almost 25% of Australia's total gross value of agricultural production. Evidence gathered from other surveys suggests that, in some respects, this may be an underestimate. Although qualified and provisional, these findings have important strategic implications for agricultural development, urban and regional development and, ultimately, sustainable development. However, peri‐urban issues are often submerged in public policy deliberations, and peri‐urban agriculture is poorly served by the Agricultural Census.
The Indigenous Land Corporation's First Land Management Policy: Reconciling National Policy with the Contingencies of Local Context
Authors: Lane Marcus B. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe Indigenous Land Corporation was established to acquire lands for Indigenous peoples who were unlikely to benefit from recognition of native title. The Corporation is also charged with assisting Indigenous peoples manage their lands. The First Land Management Policy of the Indigenous Land Corporation is examined, and the strengths as well as the omissions and flaws of this initial policy approach to land management are noted. Ways to improve the assistance that the Corporation provides to Indigenous landowners in the management of their lands are proposed. The paper suggests that the Corporation's approach to land management needs to resolve the demands of a national policy mandate with the contingencies of local context.
MULTIPARAMETER PARALLEL SEARCH BRANCH SWITCHING
Authors: HENDERSON MICHAEL E. 
Published: May 2005

A continuation method (sometimes called path following) is a way to compute solution curves of a nonlinear system of equations with a parameter. We derive a simple algorithm for branch switching at bifurcation points for multiple parameter continuation, where surfaces bifurcate along singular curves on a surface. It is a generalization of the parallel search technique used in the continuation code AUTO, and avoids the need for second derivatives and a full analysis of the bifurcation point. The one parameter case is special. While the generalization is not difficult, it is nontrivial, and the geometric interpretation may be of some interest. An additional tangent calculation at a point near the singular point is used to estimate the tangent to the singular set.
C/EBPα functionally and physically interacts with GABP to activate the human myeloid IgA Fc receptor (FcαR, CD89) gene promoter
Authors: Shimokawa Toshibumi , Ra Chisei 
Published: June 2005

AbstractHuman Fcα receptor (FcαR; CD89), the receptor for the crystallizable fragment (Fc) of immunoglobulin A (IgA), is expressed exclusively in myeloid cells, including granulocytes and monocytes/macrophages, and is considered to define a crucial role of these cells in immune and inflammatory responses. A 259-base pair fragment of the FCAR promoter is sufficient to direct myeloid expression of a reporter gene and contains functionally important binding sites for CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α (C/EBPα) (CE1, CE2, and CE3) and an unidentified Ets-like nuclear protein. Here, we show that the Ets-binding site is bound by a heterodimer composed of GA-binding protein α (GABPα), an Ets-related factor, and GABPβ, a Notch-related protein. Cotransfection of GABP increased FCAR promoter activity 3.7-fold through the Ets-binding site. GABP and C/EBPα synergistically activated the FCAR promoter 280-fold. Consistent with these observations, in vitro binding analyses revealed a physical interaction between the GABPα subunit and C/EBPα. This is the first report demonstrating both physical and functional interactions between GABP and C/EBPα and will provide new insights into the molecular basis of myeloid gene expression. (Blood. 2005;106:2534-2542)
Diphtheria toxin fused to variant human interleukin-3 induces cytotoxicity of blasts from patients with acute myeloid leukemia according to the level of interleukin-3 receptor expression
Authors: Testa Ugo , Riccioni Roberta , Biffoni Mauro , Diverio Daniela , Lo-Coco Francesco , Foà Robin , Peschle Cesare , Frankel Arthur E. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractLeukemic blasts from patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) frequently express high levels of the interleukin-3 receptor α chain (IL-3Rα). In the present study, we have explored the sensitivity of primary leukemic blasts obtained from 34 patients with AML to a diphtheria toxin (DT) composed of the catalytic and translocation domains of DT (DT388) fused to IL-3 (DT388IL-3) and to DT388 fused to a variant IL-3 with increased binding affinity (DT388IL-3[K116W]). On a molar basis, DT388IL-3[K116W] was significantly more active than DT388IL-3 in mediating leukemic cell killing. The rate of cell killing induced by the 2 DT/IL-3 fusion proteins was significantly correlated with the level of IL-3Rα/IL-3Rβ expressed on leukemic blasts. These observations support a potential use of DT388IL-3[K116W] in the treatment of refractory AMLs and provide a simple biochemical parameter for the selection of eligible patients. (Blood. 2005;106:2527-2529)
Patterns of home mechanical ventilation use in Europe: results from the Eurovent survey
Authors: Lloyd-Owen S. J. , Donaldson G. C. , Ambrosino N. , Escarabill J. , Farre R. , Fauroux B. , Robert D. , Schoenhofer B. , Simonds A. K. , Wedzicha J. A. 
Published: June 2005

The study was designed to assess the patterns of use of home mechanical ventilation (HMV) for patients with chronic respiratory failure across Europe.A detailed questionnaire of centre details, HMV user characteristics and equipment choices was sent to carefully identified HMV centres in 16 European countries.A total of 483 centres treating 27,118 HMV users were identified. Of these, 329 centres completed surveys between July 2001 and June 2002, representing up to 21,526 HMV users and a response rate of between 62% and 79%. The estimated prevalence of HMV in Europe was 6.6 per 100,000 people. The variation in prevalence between countries was only partially related to the median year of starting HMV services. In addition, there were marked differences between countries in the relative proportions of lung and neuromuscular patients using HMV, and the use of tracheostomies in lung and neuromuscular HMV users. Lung users were linked to a HMV duration of <1 yr, thoracic cage users with 6–10 yrs of ventilation and neuromuscular users with a duration of ≥6 yrs.In conclusion, wide variations exist in the patterns of home mechanical ventilation provision throughout Europe. Further work is needed to monitor its use and ensure equality of provision and access.
Outcome of heart–lung and bilateral sequential lung transplantation for cystic fibrosis: a UK national study
Authors: Ganesh J. S. , Rogers C. A. , Bonser R. S. , Banner N. R. 
Published: June 2005

Cystic fibrosis (CF) patients requiring transplantation for respiratory failure may undergo either heart–lung (HLT) or bilateral sequential lung (BSLT) transplantation. The choice of operation varies between surgeons, centres and countries.The current authors investigated whether operation type influenced outcome in adult CF patients transplanted in the UK between July 1995 and June 2002. Propensity scores for receipt of BSLTversusHLT were derived using logistic regression. Cox regression was used to compare survival.In total, 88 BSLTs and 93 HLTs were identified. Patient characteristics were similar overall, but HLT recipients were more likely to be on long-term oxygen therapy and to have had prior resuscitation. There were 72 deaths (29 BSLT and 43 HLT) within 4 yrs. There was a trend towards higher unadjusted survival following BSLT, but, after adjustment, no difference was found (hazard ratio = 0.77; 95% confidence interval 0.29–2.06). Time to the first rejection episode and infection rates were also similar. A total of 82% of hearts from HLT recipients were used as domino heart transplants.In conclusion, after adjusting for comorbidity, donor factors and ischaemia time, it was found that heart–lung and bilateral sequential lung transplantation achieved a similar outcome. The use of domino heart transplantation ameliorated the impact of heart–lung transplantation on total organ availability.
Exacerbations in α1-antitrypsin deficiency
Authors: Needham M. , Stockley R. A. 
Published: June 2005

This study aimed to investigate the nature and effect of exacerbations in patients with α1-antitrypsin deficiency and to assess the impact of exacerbations on health status. Furthermore, the relationship of exacerbations to changes in lung function and health status was investigated.In total, 265 patients with severe deficiency (PiZ phenotype) were assessed over 12 months and a subgroup of 87 patients was studied for 3 yrs. Exacerbations were recorded and patients underwent full lung function testing and health status measurement.Exacerbations occurred in 142 patients (54%) over 12 months, with a median duration of 14 days (interquartile range 7–21). Health status was significantly worse in patients with exacerbations, especially those with frequent exacerbations. Neither the presence nor the frequency of exacerbations showed a relationship to decline in forced expiratory volume in one second, but the number of exacerbations was weakly associated with decline in gas transfer of the lung for carbon monoxide. Despite lung function decline, health status did not change significantly over 3 yrs.In conclusion, exacerbations occur commonly in patients with α1-antitrypsin deficiency and are associated with worse health status. Exacerbations were associated with a decline in the gas transfer of the lung for carbon monoxide over time, but show no relationship to changes in forced expiratory volume in one second. Despite lung function decline, patients do not show a progressive loss in health status.