bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Representing the effects of building height variability on urban canopy flow
Authors: Lu Jiachen , Nazarian Negin , Hart Melissa Anne , Krayenhoff E. Scott , Martilli Alberto 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWe conducted large‐eddy simulations over 98 urban arrays with varying building densities and height distributions. Compared with uniform‐height urban arrays, the influence of height variability on urban flow is pronounced and acts differently in two idealized urban configurations: the low buildings induce higher wind speed and stronger turbulence over staggered arrays but act inversely over aligned building configurations. The flow motions around tall buildings generate strong dispersive fluxes, which are sometimes of similar magnitude to the turbulent momentum flux and responsible for a persistent isolated roughness flow pattern in the upper canopy regardless of the urban density. Tall buildings further contribute disproportionately to the form drag of the urban surface, reaching up to 3.9 times the form drag induced by buildings of height equal to the average building height, in dense layouts. The flow inflection points—that is, the largest wind‐speed gradient that defines the aerodynamic interface between the urban canopy flow and the surface layer flow above—are found to be displaced to the maximum building height if less than 25% of buildings are below the mean building height. These findings provide critical insight for the development of urban canopy models, where the impacts of height variability on flow are often linked to the vertical variation in urban density alone. To address this deficiency, we provide a case study that considers the drag amplification due to the impact of vertical urban structures in the urban canopy model, enabling high‐resolution regional climate models to reproduce urban air flows better.
Expression of RSPH6A in the first wave of rat spermatogenesis and oxidative stress conditions: Attenuation by melatonin
Authors: Romano Maria Zelinda , Ben Rhouma Mariem , Messaoudi Imed , Aniello Francesco , Minucci Sergio , Venditti Massimo 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPurposeHere, we report, for the first time, the temporal expression and localization of axonemal radial spoke head homolog A (RSPH6A) protein during the first wave of rat spermatogenesis and in oxidative stress conditions.MethodsFor the developmental study, testes were collected from rats at different developmental stages (7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, and 60 postnatal days); for in vivo treatment, 24 rats were treated with cadmium and/or melatonin. From each sample, western blot (WB) and immunofluorescence (IF) analyses for RSPH6A were performed.ResultsRSPH6A expression starts at 21 PND alongside the appearance of I spermatocytes (SPC) with a significant increase up to 60 PND. Data were confirmed by IF analysis, showing that RPSH6A expression is restricted to I and II SPC, spermatids, and mature sperm. In vivo experiments showed that the expression and localization of RSPH6A in the testis and epididymal spermatozoa of adult rats treated with cadmium were impaired. Interestingly, melatonin (an antioxidant), given together with Cd, can counteract its damaging effects.ConclusionsAll combined data confirm that RSPH6A contributes to the onset of fertility by acting on sperm motility, raising the possibility of using RSPH6A as a marker for normal fertility in the general population.
Design of adaptive fault‐tolerant controllers for perturbed nonlinear ODE‐PDE cascaded systems
Authors: Cheng Chih‐Chiang , Lin Yuan‐I , Wen Chih‐Chin 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAn adaptive fault‐tolerant control (FTC) scheme is proposed in this article for a class of perturbed cascaded dynamic systems governed by nonlinear differential equation‐partial differential equation (ODE‐PDE) to solve regulation problems. The sliding surface is introduced first, then the controller which can handle actuator faults is designed. Adaptive and perturbation estimation mechanisms are employed in the proposed control scheme so that there is no need to know the upper bounds of perturbations as well as perturbation estimation error in advance. In addition, the adaptive mechanism embedded is capable of adapting the unknown upper bounds of time‐varying loss of effectiveness of the actuators. The stability analysis confirms that the proposed control strategy can drive both the states of ODE and PDE into zero within a finite time even if the actuator fault occurs. At last, a numerical example is given to verify the robustness and effectiveness of the proposed FTC scheme.
Elucidating the effects of environmental consciousness and environmental attitude on green travel behavior: Moderating role of green self‐efficacy
Authors: Khan Ali Nawaz 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis study examines the reasons why Generation Z chooses to engage in green travel behavior (GTB). It investigates the role of environmental consciousness, environmental attitude, and green self‐efficacy in influencing GTB, using self‐determination theory (SDT) as a framework. The study uses survey data from a diverse group of Generation Z individuals to reveal insights into the factors that influence sustainable travel decisions. The findings emphasize the importance of key factors in driving GTB among Generation Z. Environmental consciousness is a key predictor of GTB, and it influences GTB through its mediating effect on environmental attitude. Green self‐efficacy also plays a significant moderating role, strengthening the relationship between environmental consciousness and GTB. By shedding light on the interplay of these motivational factors, the study makes theoretical contributions to the literature on sustainable travel behavior and SDT. These insights can help policymakers develop interventions that promote intrinsic motivation; nurture environmental values and empower Generation Z to be leaders in sustainable travel, shaping a greener and more responsible future of travel.
Relationship between heart rate variability and differential patterns of cortisol response to acute stressors in mid‐life adults: A data‐driven investigation
Authors: Bennett Meghan M. , Tomas Carissa W. , Fitzgerald Jacklynn M. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractCortisol and heart rate variability (HRV) are well‐established biomarkers of the human stress response system. While a relationship between cortisol and HRV is assumed, few studies have found evidence of their correlation within single study designs. One complication for isolating such a relationship may lie in individual variability in the cortisol response to stress such that atypical cortisol responding (i.e., elevated or blunted) occurs. To‐date, studies on the cortisol response have employed traditional mean‐difference‐based approaches to examine average magnitude change in cortisol over time. Alternatively, data‐driven trajectory modelling, such as latent growth mixture modelling, may be advantageous for quantifying cortisol based on patterns of response over time. Latent growth mixture modelling was used in N = 386 adults to identify subgroups based on trajectories of cortisol responses to stress. The relationship between cortisol and HRV was tested within subgroups. Results revealed a ‘prototypical’ subgroup characterised by expected rise and fall in cortisol response to stress (n = 309), a ‘decline’ subgroup (n = 28) that declined in cortisol after stress, and a ‘rise’ subgroup (n = 49) that increased in cortisol after stress. Within the ‘prototypical’ subgroup, greater HRV during stress was associated with decline in cortisol after stress from its maximum (r (306) = 0.19, p < 0.001). This relationship failed to emerge in the ‘decline’ and ‘rise’ subgroups (p > 0.271). Results document different patterns of cortisol response to stress; among those who exhibit a ‘prototypical’ response, changes in HRV during stress are related to changes in cortisol after stress.
Safety evaluation of continuous administration of a high dose of Valeriana fauriei root extract in mice and in humans through an open‐label study
Authors: Ota Misato , Oiwa Yuki , Maki Yasuhito , Utaka Ichiro , Arima Sachie , Matsuo Yoichi , Makino Toshiaki , Nojiri Shunsuke 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAimThis study aimed to clarify the safety of Valeriana fauriei root (VF) ethanol extract through in vivo and clinical trials.MethodsMice were divided into VF and control groups. They were given VF (4 g VF/kg/day) or the vehicle mixed in the powdered food for four weeks. Food consumption and body weight changes were evaluated, and blood biochemistry and organ weights were assessed on the last day. In addition, an open‐label study was conducted on healthy subjects who took VF capsules (10 g VF/body/day) for four weeks and were asked to report any changes in their physical condition. Physical, hematologic, blood biochemical examination and urinalysis were performed before, two weeks, and four weeks into the study.ResultsFood consumption and weight gain in mice did not differ between the VF and control groups, except for experimental error, and there were no particular differences in the weights of the brain, lung, heart, liver, spleen, and kidney. In mice, VF administration resulted in small but significant decreases in albumin in males and females, and total cholesterol and high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol in females only. These levels were unchanged, but daytime sleepiness was observed in humans.ConclusionSince there was little change in the experimental values at continuous high doses of VF at 10 g/day, it can be concluded that approximately one‐fifth of this dose (2 g VF/day) is less harmful. However, daytime sleepiness should be considered.
Teaching Remotely without Being Distant: Implications for Primary Age Students' Learning of Foundational Reading Skills
Authors: Kramer Mariah Fiona , Hicks Troy 
Published: October 2023

AbstractDuring the 2020–2021 school year, the COVID‐19 pandemic forced millions of students and teachers into hybrid or fully remote modalities. Compiling the experiences of teachers who taught foundational reading skills to their primary‐age students in a hybrid model (a mix of both remote learners at home, joining via video conferencing, as well as in‐person learners in the classroom), the authors demonstrate the challenges and successes that innovative elementary teachers saw with students' reading. Through observations, interviews, and lesson reviews, key ideas emerged that could make remote instruction more effective in the future. First, teachers who build classroom culture in hybrid spaces must do so with the same amount of intention as they would in physical spaces. Second, the purposeful design of synchronous and asynchronous instructions has the potential to affect student learning in a positive manner. And, finally, the instructional strategies teachers use to introduce and reinforce foundational reading skills led to success.
The kth nearest neighbor method for estimation of entropy changes from molecular ensembles
Authors: Fogolari Federico , Borelli Roberto , Dovier Agostino , Esposito Gennaro 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAll processes involving molecular systems entail a balance between associated enthalpic and entropic changes. Molecular dynamics simulations of the end‐points of a process provide in a straightforward way the enthalpy as an ensemble average. Obtaining absolute entropies is still an open problem and most commonly pathway methods are used to obtain free energy changes and thereafter entropy changes. The kth nearest neighbor (kNN) method has been first proposed as a general method for entropy estimation in the mathematical community 20 years ago. Later, it has been applied to compute conformational, positional–orientational, and hydration entropies of molecules. Programs to compute entropies from molecular ensembles, for example, from molecular dynamics (MD) trajectories, based on the kNN method, are currently available. The kNN method has distinct advantages over traditional methods, namely that it is possible to address high‐dimensional spaces, impossible to treat without loss of resolution or drastic approximations with, for example, histogram‐based methods. Application of the method requires understanding the features of: the kth nearest neighbor method for entropy estimation; the variables relevant to biomolecular and in general molecular processes; the metrics associated with such variables; the practical implementation of the method, including requirements and limitations intrinsic to the method; and the applications for conformational, position/orientation and solvation entropy. Coupling the method with general approximations for the multivariable entropy based on mutual information, it is possible to address high dimensional problems like those involving the conformation of proteins, nucleic acids, binding of molecules and hydration.This article is categorized under:
Molecular and Statistical Mechanics > Free Energy Methods
Theoretical and Physical Chemistry > Statistical Mechanics
Structure and Mechanism > Computational Biochemistry and Biophysics
X‐ray fluorescence analysis of mercury in human hairs using a secondary target placed behind the sample
Authors: Inoue Fumiyuki , Matsuyama Tugufumi , Tsuji Kouichi 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMercury is a pollutant that poses a considerable health risk. The concentration of mercury in scalp hair can be used to estimate past mercury exposure. Methods such as atomic absorption spectrophotometry and inductively coupled plasma‐based techniques have been used to determine the concentrations of trace elements in scalp hairs; however, these analytical methods have several limitations, including the need for expensive equipment, complex sample preparation, and large samples of more than 100 hairs. Therefore, simpler and more cost‐effective methods are required. X‐ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy is a simple and fast analytical method. To improve the sensitivity, we applied a secondary target method to enhance the XRF excitation and reduce the background. In conventional secondary target methods, the primary x‐rays irradiate a secondary target of a pure substance, and the sample is then irradiated with the fluorescent x‐rays from the secondary target. We placed high‐purity Y₂O₃ powder, which served as the secondary target, behind the hair samples. The XRF intensities of trace elements such as mercury and zinc in the hair were enhanced by applying the secondary target behind the hair.
Common Parallel Patterns
Authors: Reinders James , Ashbaugh Ben , Brodman James , Kinsner Michael , Pennycook John , Tian Xinmin 
Published: October 2023

AbstractChapter 14 explores several common parallel patterns—map, stencil, reduction, scan, pack, and unpack—and discusses how they can be expressed in SYCL. It shows how to leverage the built-in (i.e., library) functionality of SYCL to maximize developer productivity, and provides a starting point for developers interested in developing their own implementations of these patterns from scratch.
Memory Model and Atomics
Authors: Reinders James , Ashbaugh Ben , Brodman James , Kinsner Michael , Pennycook John , Tian Xinmin 
Published: October 2023

AbstractUnderstanding memory consistency is necessary if we want to share data (in memory) between multiple work-items, sub-groups, or work-groups. Chapter 19 explores how SYCL builds upon the memory consistency model of C++, incorporating concepts like address spaces and memory scopes. It demonstrates how to safely guard against race conditions using atomic references and discusses some of the potential pitfalls of using atomics to implement synchronization routines in SYCL.
Buffers
Authors: Reinders James , Ashbaugh Ben , Brodman James , Kinsner Michael , Pennycook John , Tian Xinmin 
Published: October 2023

AbstractChapter 7 discusses the buffer abstraction in detail. Buffers are a higher-level abstraction that hides the underlying details of memory management from an application. This chapter describes how to allocate and access the contents of a buffer both in our host programs and in our kernels running on a device.
Future Prospects
Authors: Feldman Moshe , Levy Avraham A. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractSpecies from the Triticeae, in particular wheat, barley and rye constitute a major component of the human and animal diet. We discuss how to face the challenge of our century, namely continuing to increase yield and quality in order to ensure food security in a changing climate. We highlight the expected role of new breeding technologies. In addition, we emphasize the continuing importance of the conservation of wild species from the Triticeae, in situ and ex situ, as a rich genepool for future breeding of wheat, barley and rye, for resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses as well as for quality and hybrid vigor.
B Chromosomes
Authors: Feldman Moshe , Levy Avraham A. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis chapter describes supernumerary or accessory chromosomes (B-chromosomes) in several grasses focusing on those in species of the sub-tribe Triticineae of the tribe Triticeae. It refers to their origin, molecular characterization, preferential transmission (accumulation mechanism), effect on morphology, fitness, and chromosomal pairing in species and hybrids, and their transcriptional activity.
Analysis of Sea Surface Temperature Variability Using Machine Learning
Authors: Ouala Said , Chapron Bertrand , Collard Fabrice , Gaultier Lucile , Fablet Ronan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractSea surface temperature (SST) is a critical factor in the global climate system and plays a key role in many marine processes. Understanding the variability of SST is therefore important for a range of applications, including weather and climate prediction, ocean circulation modeling, and marine resource management. In this study, we use machine learning techniques to analyze SST anomaly (SSTA) data from the Mediterranean Sea over a period of 33 years. The objective is to best explain the temporal variability of the SSTA extremes. These extremes are revealed to be well explained through a non-linear interaction between multi-scale processes. The results contribute to better unveil factors influencing SSTA extremes, and the development of more accurate prediction models.
Data Driven Stochastic Primitive Equations with Dynamic Modes Decomposition
Authors: Tucciarone Francesco L. , Mémin Etienne , Li Long 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAs planetary flows are characterised by interaction of phenomenons in a huge range of scales, it is unaffordable today to resolve numerically the complete ocean dynamics. In this work, a stochastic version of primitive equations are implemented into the NEMO community ocean model to assess the capability of the so-called Location Uncertainty framework in representing the small scales of the ocean flows.
Comparison of Stochastic Parametrization Schemes Using Data Assimilation on Triad Models
Authors: Lobbe Alexander , Crisan Dan , Holm Darryl , Mémin Etienne , Lang Oana , Chapron Bertrand 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn recent years, stochastic parametrizations have been ubiquitous in modelling uncertainty in fluid dynamics models. One source of model uncertainty comes from the coarse graining of the fine-scale data and is in common usage in computational simulations at coarser scales. In this paper, we look at two such stochastic parametrizations: the Stochastic Advection by Lie Transport (SALT) parametrization introduced by Holm (Proc A 471(2176):20140963, 19, 2015) and the Location Uncertainty (LU) parametrization introduced by Mémin (Geophys Astrophys Fluid Dyn 108(2):119–146, 2014). Whilst both parametrizations are available for full-scale models, we study their reduced order versions obtained by projecting them on a complex vector Fourier mode triad of eigenfunctions of the curl. Remarkably, these two parametrizations lead to the same reduced order model, which we term the helicity-preserving stochastic triad (HST). This reduced order model is then compared with an alternative model which preserves the energy of the system, and which is termed the energy preserving stochastic triad (EST). These low-dimensional models are ideal benchmark models for testing new Data Assimilation algorithms: they are easy to implement, exhibit diverse behaviours depending on the choice of the coefficients and come with natural physical properties such as the conservation of energy and helicity.
Guerrico
Authors: Zuzarte Melanie 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMy Dad, Guerrico Mark Zuzarte, was known as Gerry. His parents, like many Indian families from Goa, immigrated to Karachi, Pakistan, to give their children a prosperous life. I hoped to collaborate with him on the StOries (Strangers to Ourselves) project but he sadly passed away on July 4, 2021 at 81 years of age. This piece honours my family’s migration story between Pakistan to Canada, Montreal to Toronto.The beauty of this project has enabled me to explore the spiritual and emotional gifts he offered me throughout his lifetime.
Some Timeless and Contemporary Borders
Authors: Rajavel Arunkumar 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAlthough I’m an immigrant who, having lived in 4 different countries, has countless stories and anecdotes (Particulars) that can relate to this anthology, I’m a philosopher by training. Things in their abstract and conceptual forms (Universals) fascinate me. While I do not mean to downplay the Particulars, there is something about Universals/Generalisations that intrigue me. For this submission, accordingly, I took a step back and looked at the grand story of migration. ‘You Lie in Wait, You Observe’ is the product of this endeavour. In a bid to capture the crucial role that migration has played in the story of us humans, I reimagine the reader as a timeless spirit that awakens at the dawn of Homo Sapiens who is doomed to only observe, and are powerless to alter anything. The idea is to question the arbitrariness and artificiality of borders and immigration policies, and how that determines the fate of different people.
Trinidadian Trinkets
Authors: Ostapchuck Sarah 
Published: October 2023

Abstract‘Trinidadian Trinkets’ is a reflective piece about my experiences as a mixed person of colour and second generation Canadian. With my mother of English descent and my father Trinidadian, I’ve often struggled with identity in a culture that lays increasing importance on heritage and labels. I’ve felt mislabelled due to my light skin tone, but I’ve also often found that white crowds have never fully accepted me. As a Canadian-born woman who married a Belarussian-Ukrainian Canadian man, I’m not often confronted with my Trinidadian heritage. When both my grandparents on my father’s side passed away, I became aware of a part of me that felt like it was slipping away. I decided to honour my grandfather while simultaneously using his story and legacy to share my own. I try to incorporate how I still bear the markings and experiences that come from being Trinidadian despite being so far removed from those tropical shores. I use my physical features (with the exception of the soul) to exemplify these parts of me, these trinkets, which I treasure, and can trace all the way from my grandfather (whom I lovingly called “papa”) to my son, who is even lighter-skinned than me and has never met my grandparents.