bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epitaxial growth of magnetron sputtered NiAl on Ge mediated by native GeOx
Authors: Ben Chroud M , Korytov M , Soulié J-P , Adelmann C , Swerts J , Temst K , Carpenter R 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
In this work, the growth of a magnetron sputtered NiAl film on Ge was investigated. Two growth parameters were varied: the deposition temperature and the presence of native GeOx. An epitaxial layer was obtained at a deposition temperature of 400 ∘C and without removal of the native GeOx prior to deposition. At this growth condition, Ni and Al diffused into the Ge forming an epitaxial germanide. This germanide is most likely the τ
3 phase of the Ni–Al–Ge ternary system. The growth of the τ
3 phase is enabled by the GeOx acting as a diffusion barrier for Al. The native GeOx was found to be amorphous and to contain holes through which the NiAl can directly contact the τ
3 germanide and grow epitaxially. These holes are likely formed by thermal degradation when the substrate is heated for deposition. The electrical resistivity for epitaxial NiAl was found to be 13

μ
Ω

.cm at a thickness of 30 nm which was the lowest value of the tested conditions. Epitaxial NiAl can be used as a seed layer to grow other layers epitaxially in a CMOS-compatible process, e.g. Fe(Co), Cr, MgO, and Heusler alloys.
Searches for baryon number violation in neutrino experiments: a white paper
Authors: Dev P S B , Koerner L W , Saad S , Antusch S , Askins M , Babu K S , Barrow J L , Chakrabortty J , de Gouvêa A , Djurcic Z , Girmohanta S , Gogoladze I , Goodman M C , Higuera A , Kalra D , Karagiorgi G , Kearns E , Kudryavtsev V A , Kutter T , Malinský M , Martinez Caicedo D A , Mohapatra R N , Nath P , Nussinov S , Ochoa-Ricoux J P , Pec V , Rafique A , Rodriguez Rondon J , Shrock R , Sobel H W , Stokes T , Strait M , Svoboda R , Syritsyn S , Takhistov V , Tsai Y-T , Wendell R A , Zhou Y-L 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Baryon number conservation is not guaranteed by any fundamental symmetry within the standard model, and therefore has been a subject of experimental and theoretical scrutiny for decades. So far, no evidence for baryon number violation has been observed. Large underground detectors have long been used for both neutrino detection and searches for baryon number violating processes. The next generation of large neutrino detectors will seek to improve upon the limits set by past and current experiments and will cover a range of lifetimes predicted by several Grand Unified Theories. In this White Paper, we summarize theoretical motivations and experimental aspects of searches for baryon number violation in neutrino experiments.
Diffusion-reaction model of positron annihilation for complex defect pattern
Authors: Brunner Philipp , Würschum Roland 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The increasing structural complexity in modern material science is often associated with grain sizes in the µm- and the sub-µm-regime. Therefore, when positron annihilation is applied for studying free-volume type defects in such materials, positron trapping at grain boundaries (GBs) cannot be neglected, even when other defect types are in the primary focus. For this purpose, the available diffusion-reaction model for positron trapping and annihilation at GBs is extended to competitive trapping at two different types of intragranular defects. Closed-form expressions for the mean positron lifetime and the relative intensities of the defect-specific positron lifetime components are given. The model is presented for cylindrical-shaped crystallites, but is valid in the general sense for spherical symmetry as well with appropriate replacements. The model yields the basis for properly determining defect concentrations, even for the inconvenient but common case that one intragranular defect type exhibits a lifetime component similar to that in GBs. It turns out, that positron trapping at GBs matters even for µm-sized crystallites and should not be neglected for precise studies of intragranular defects.
Enhanced critical current density in optimized high-temperature superconducting bilayer thin films
Authors: Rivasto E , Aye M M , Huhtinen H , Paturi P 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The superconducting and structural properties of bilayer thin films based on YBa2Cu3O

7
−
x

/ YBa2Cu3O

7
−
x

+6%BaZrO3 heterstructures have been studied. In a broad range of magnetic field strengths and temperatures, the optimal bilayer film comprises 30% YBCO at the substrate interface and 70% YBCO+6%BZO on the top. The critical current density measured for the optimal bilayer structure is shown to outperform the corresponding single layer films up to almost 60%. The obtained results are comprehensively discussed in the light of our previously published theoretical framework (Rivasto et al 2023 J. Phys.: Condens. Matter
35 075701:1–10). We conclude that the bilayering provides an efficient and easily applicable way to further increase the performance and applicability of high-temperature superconductors in various applications. Consequently, the bilayer films should be seriously considered as candidates for the upcoming generation of coated conductors.
Skyline horizon from a mountain 130 km away
Authors: Ruiz Michael J 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
How far is the horizon? A photograph of a city skyline taken from a mountain (elevation 1610 m) at a distance of 130 km is used to introduce the question. The formula that relates the distance to the horizon from an elevated observer is easy to derive when refraction is neglected. The observed horizon distance of the skyline is compared with the theoretical horizon limit of this simple formula. Finally, refraction is discussed and shown to increase the limit by about 10%. A highly interactive component making measurements on Google Maps is included. Introductory students at the high school and first-year college level will find this real-life physics application that incorporates photography, geography, online maps, Earth science, and elementary mathematics very stimulating.
Making an IMPRESSion: mapping out future directions in modern physics education
Authors: Kersting Magdalena , Blair David , Sandrelli Stefano , Sherson Jacob , Woithe Julia 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Modern physics is an exciting and rapidly progressing field, prompting significant shifts in how we teach physics across all educational levels. While there is broad agreement on the need to modernise physics education and support physics teachers in this transition, existing initiatives often remain scattered across different educational contexts. In response, this directions paper synthesises insights from the International Modern Physics & Research in Education Seminar Series symposium to guide the efforts of our global physics education community and to increase their impact and reach. We bring together viewpoints from the symposium’s panellists and discuss these views as visions for the future of our field, mapping out pathways for navigating the challenges and opportunities ahead. Ultimately, we hope this paper will serve as a roadmap for teachers, educators, and physicists wishing to enhance modern physics education research and practice.
CNN-based fully automatic mitral valve extraction using CT images and existence probability maps
Authors: Masuda Yukiteru , Ishikawa Ryo , Tanaka Toru , Aoyama Gakuto , Kawashima Keitaro , Chapman James V , Asami Masahiko , Pham Michael Huy Cuong , Kofoed Klaus Fuglsang , Sakaguchi Takuya , Satoh Kiyohide 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Objective. Accurate extraction of mitral valve shape from clinical tomographic images acquired in patients has proven useful for planning surgical and interventional mitral valve treatments. However, manual extraction of the mitral valve shape is laborious, and the existing automatic extraction methods have not been sufficiently accurate. In this paper, we propose a fully automated method of extracting mitral valve shape from computed tomography (CT) images for the all phases of the cardiac cycle. Approach. This method extracts the mitral valve shape based on DenseNet using both the original CT image and the existence probability maps of the mitral valve area inferred by U-Net as input. A total of 1585 CT images from 204 patients with various cardiac diseases including mitral regurgitation were collected and manually annotated for mitral valve region. The proposed method was trained and evaluated by 10-fold cross validation using the collected data and was compared with the method without the existence probability maps. Main results. The mean error of shape extraction error in the proposed method is 0.88 mm, which is an improvement of 0.32 mm compared with the method without the existence probability maps. Significance. We present a novel fully automatic mitral valve extraction method from input to output for all phases of 4D CT images. We suggest that the accuracy of mitral valve shape extraction is improved by using existence probability maps.
Towards a more accurate quasi-static approximation of the electric potential for neurostimulation with kilohertz-frequency sources
*
Authors: Caussade Thomas , Paduro Esteban , Courdurier Matías , Cerpa Eduardo , Grill Warren M , Medina Leonel E 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Objective. Our goal was to determine the conditions for which a more precise calculation of the electric potential than the quasi-static approximation may be needed in models of electrical neurostimulation, particularly for signals with kilohertz-frequency components. Approach. We conducted a comprehensive quantitative study of the differences in nerve fiber activation and conduction block when using the quasi-static and Helmholtz approximations for the electric potential in a model of electrical neurostimulation. Main results. We first show that the potentials generated by sources of unbalanced pulses exhibit different transients as compared to those of charge-balanced pulses, and this is disregarded by the quasi-static assumption. Secondly, relative errors for current-distance curves were below 3%, while for strength-duration curves these ranged between 1%–17%, but could be improved to less than 3% across the range of pulse duration by providing a corrected quasi-static conductivity. Third, we extended our analysis to trains of pulses and reported a ‘congruence area’ below 700 Hz, where the fidelity of fiber responses is maximal for supra-threshold stimulation. Further examination of waveforms and polarities revealed similar fidelities in the congruence area, but significant differences were observed beyond this area. However, the spike-train distance revealed differences in activation patterns when comparing the response generated by each model. Finally, in simulations of conduction-block, we found that block thresholds exhibited errors above 20% for repetition rates above 10 kHz. Yet, employing a corrected value of the conductivity improved the agreement between models, with errors no greater than 8%. Significance. Our results emphasize that the quasi-static approximation cannot be naively extended to electrical stimulation with high-frequency components, and notable differences can be observed in activation patterns. As well, we introduce a methodology to obtain more precise model responses using the quasi-static approach, retaining its simplicity, which can be a valuable resource in computational neuroengineering.
Status of X-ray Acoustooptics at the Institute of Microelectronics Technology Russian Academy of Sciences
Authors: Roshchupkin D. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The electrical measurement method, scanning electron microscopy method and high-resolution X-ray diffraction method have been used to investigate the process of the surface acoustic wave (SAW) propagation in a LiNbO3 ferroelectric crystal. Measurement of the amplitude-frequency response provides information on the losses in the acoustoelectronic device during the process of the SAW propagation. The scanning electron microscopy method permits to visualize the SAW on the surface of piezoelectric crystals in the real-time mode and to observe diffraction phenomena in acoustic beam. The X-ray diffraction method is sensitive to the crystal lattice distortions by surface acoustic wave and allows determining the SAW amplitudes.
Studies of the 1101+38 Galaxy and the Distribution of Extragalactic Objects Around it
Authors: Mahtessian A.P. , Mkhitaryan S.A. , Amiragyan L.A. , Karapetyan R.A. , Mahtessian L.A. , Hovhannisyan M.A. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The galaxy 1101+38=Mrk 421 is a very active BL Lac galaxy and has a great influence on extragalactic sources around it. Our studies of the distribution of extragalactic sources in the vicinity of this galaxy show that these extragalactic sources are distributed in this region homogeneously, which is most clearly manifested in the case of quasars.
Numerical simulation of electron beam depth dose distribution in water phantom passed through modified plastic materials
Authors: Grigorieva A A , Bulavskaya A A , Bushmina E A , Miloichikova I A , Sorokina A A , Stuchebrov S G 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The aim of the study is to evaluate the feasibility of using modified plastics for 3D printing of boluses for electron beam therapy. Filaments for 3D printing made from plastic materials with an admixture of copper were studied. Test samples were made from these filaments and investigated. Mathematical models of such products were created based on the obtained data. The thicknesses of the boluses made from each modified material were calculated to achieve the same electron beam depth dose distribution in the water phantom as natural plastic. Using a the developed model of a therapeutic electron beam and newly created models of test object materials, the electron beam depth dose distributions in the water phantom that passed through the materials under study were obtained in bolus geometry. The results of the work demonstrate the potential of using modified plastics for creating forming elements in electron beam therapy. The application of this plastic samples for electron beam shaping with individual configuration allows to modify the irradiation field based on the clinical tasks quickly and efficiently and to increase the effectiveness of electron beam radiotherapy procedures.
Influence of Cation Porphyrins on DNA Damage during Irradiation by X-rays
Authors: Aloyan L , Avetisyan A , Arakelyan V , Margaryan H 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
In this work, the effect of TOEPyP4 porphyrins on DNA damage induced by X-ray beams was investigated. The influence of X-ray radiation with different doses on DNA isolated from the calf thymus, as well as DNA/TOEPyP4 complexes, was investigated. To study the influence of the presence of porphyrins on radiation induced DNA damages with different relative concentrations of complexes were investigated (r = 0.01; 0.04, where r = Cporf./CDNA). Then an attempt was made to reveal the possible potentiating effects of porphyrins on DNA damage depending on the concentration of porphyrins and the radiation dose. The studies were carried out by the spectroscopy melting method in 10-3 M NaCl buffer solution, pH 7.2. From obtaining dates, the dependence of the protective or radiation-enhancing properties of porphyrins on the relative concentrations - irradiation dose combination is evident.
Diffraction of a scalar plane wave oblique incidence on a flat screen with a one thin slit
Authors: Khachatrian A Zh , Aghabekyan V N , Soghomonyan L R , Parsamyan A F 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
In the framework of this work, we discuss the problem of diffraction of a plane and time-harmonic field on a flat screen with a single narrow slit. As a rule, this problem is considered for the case of normal incidence. At the same time, for a number of applied problems, in particular, the absorption of solar radiation by photocells, it is interesting to consider the general case of oblique incidence. In this work, the problem is solved in the Fraunhofer approximation. An analytical dependence of the intensity of the diffracted field on the direction of observation, the slit length, and the wavelength of the incident radiation is obtained.
Dynamic diffraction of planar X-rays in a crystal lattice with a weak deformation field
Authors: Kocharyan V R , Trouni K G , Mesropyan M H , Shahverdyan A V , Baghdasaryan D E , Noreyan S N 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
In this paper, we consider the problem of the formation of a wave field during dynamic X-ray diffraction under conditions of weak deformation of the crystal lattice induced by a temperature gradient directed along the diffraction vector. Within the framework of the Takagi equations, which describe the propagation of the amplitudes of transmitted and reflected waves in the grating, analytical solutions dependence on the deformation parameters of these amplitudes are given. The angular width of the reflected X-ray radiation, as well as its dependence on the thickness of the single crystal, has been studied. It is shown that with increasing deformation, the rocking curves of the crystal slowly broaden, and their maximum intensity increases, reaching unity (the case of complete transfer). With a further increase in the deformation of the reflecting planes, the rocking curves continues to widen, and their maximum slowly decreases. It is also shown that the angular width of the complete transfer x-rays is directly proportional to the thickness of the sample under study. All observed phenomena are given a theoretical interpretation based on the general theory of dynamic scattering based on the Takagi equations and the eikonal approximation for weakly deformed crystal lattice fields.
Radiation processes on acoustic superlattices
Authors: Saharian A A , Grigoryan L Sh , Khachatryan H F , Parazian V V 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWe describe several radiation processes in media excited by volume and surface acoustic waves. They include the Cherenkov and transition radiations on acoustic superlattices, transition radiation on an interface with a dynamical periodic structure, the Smith-Purcell radiation on surface waves, bremsstrahlung of high-energy electrons and the creation of electron-positron pairs by high energy photons in crystals in the presence of hypersonic waves. The conditions on the parameters of acoustic fields are specified under which their influence is essential. All these considerations show that the acoustic waves can serve as an efficient mechanism to control the parameters of various kinds of radiation processes.
Generation of radiation on forbidden transitions in the region of 654-658 nm in an acoustoplasmic medium
Authors: Abrahamyan A S , Chilingaryan R Yu , Melikyan A H , Mkrtchyan A H , Harutyunyan V A 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
In the region of the first positive system (FPS) band of spectrum of nitrogen in acoustoplasma, under laboratory conditions, the generation of intense lines was experimentally obtained at forbidden transitions of a singly ionized nitrogen molecule at 654.81 and 658.36 nm. The intense lines obtained correspond to the stimulated emission mechanism. The intensity of the forbidden lines significantly (up to 17 times) exceeded the intensity of neighboring lines in the spectrum of the first positive system band of nitrogen. Spectroscopic studies did not allow resolution of the rotational spectrum. However, the spectral width for both lines at forbidden transitions is much smaller than the FPS bandwidth of nitrogen. The result obtained is explained by an analogue of Raman scattering and an acoustoplasmic medium, which remove the prohibitions characteristic of dipole radiation.
Application of the catastrophe theory to acoustoplasma research
Authors: Abrahamyan A S , Sahakyan K G , Chilingaryan R Yu 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
In the paper the possibility of applying the mathematical theory of catastrophes to the processes occurring during the interaction of acoustic fields with plasma is considering. In particular, it is proposed to apply the theory to find out possible jumps in parameters and phase transitions in an acoustoplasmic medium. Based on the experimentally obtained database (in this case, for acoustoplasmic processes), a mathematical model of the process under study was constructed. And then, applying the theory of catastrophes, it is determined whether there are sudden changes in the values of control parameters in the area under consideration, critical points of unstable equilibrium and phase transitions, i.e. catastrophic parameter jumps. The choice of the equation describing the process is made based on the number of control parameters for this process. It is also proposed to use the methodology in various fields of science and technology, where similar conditions may arise.
Research on the Data Collection and Scenario Generation Method for Automated Vehicles
Authors: Zhai Yang , Zhang Yufei , Du Zhibin , Sun Bohua , Liu Yingxin , Chen Shuo , Chen Chen 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Automated vehicles should be tested before they can be driven on the road, and the data collection and scenario generation is of great significance for the functional verification and development of automated vehicles. This research focuses on the methods for data collection and scenario generation. The data collection system is established to form industry recognized standards for the data collection. The data collection platform uses vehicles which are equipped with sensors. Based on functions of automated vehicles, functional scenarios, logical scenarios and specific scenarios are established in sequence. Specific scenarios are obtained by Monte Carlo random sampling with the probability density distribution to improve the efficiency of simulation testings. Results show that the method of data collection and scenario generation is reasonable and the scenarios based on the real world can be generated to verify the effectiveness of the automated vehicles.
Analyzing and Applying Big Data Technologies Based on Industrial Internet Data
Authors: Zhao Jing , Li Lin , Luo LiXia , Liu Fei , Wang YuGang 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
With the development of the industrial internet, data has gradually become the key engine driving the digital transformation of enterprises. The progress of the industrial internet is inseparable from the application of industrial data. To more effectively utilize data to empower businesses, many enterprises have put forward higher requirements for the real-time and reliability of industrial data collection. In the actual process of industrial data collection, issues such as large data volume, high real-time data processing requirements, and inconsistent data protocol standards are often encountered. In response to these problems, this paper, combined with practical engineering applications, proposes a big data construction technology solution based on industrial internet data processing. This solution aims to meet the high-concurrency data access needs of industrial equipment, using distributed messaging systems, high-throughput real-time stream processing frameworks, and distributed storage databases as the technical support for industrial data processing. This will help to complete the processing of massive industrial equipment data, thereby meeting the application requirements of various industrial big data processing business systems.