bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Role of Parathyroid Hormone‐Related Protein in the Regulation of Osteoclastogenesis by Cementoblasts
Authors: Boabaid Fernanda , Berry Janice E. , Koh Amy J. , Somerman Martha J. , McCauley Laurie K. 
Published: February 2005

Background: Parathyroid hormone‐related protein (PTHrP) promotes osteoclastogenesis by inhibiting expression of osteoprotegerin (OPG), a decoy receptor for the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B (RANK), and by enhancing production of RANK ligand (RANKL) by osteoblasts. However, little is known regarding the role of PTHrP in regulating cementoblast‐mediated osteoclastogenesis.Methods: This study determined the impact of PTHrP on osteoclastogenesis using: 1) OCCM‐30 (immortalized murine cementoblasts), 2) RAW 264.7 cells (murine myeloid cells), or 3) OCCM‐30 plus RAW 264.7 cells. Cells were treated with PTHrP (1‐34), RANKL, or PTHrP and RANKL combined. Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) for OPG and RANKL were performed on media and cell lysates, and tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) and mRNA detection for the osteoclast associated receptor (OSCAR) were performed.Results: The highest numbers of TRAP‐positive cells and cells expressing OSCAR were found in the RAW cell group treated with either RANKL alone or RANKL and PTHrP. TRAP‐positive cells were fewer when OCCM cells were co‐cultured with RAW, but the greatest numbers were still with both PTHrP and RANKL. OPG levels were highest from OCCM cells and PTHrP decreased these levels. In contrast, RANKL levels were low in OCCM cell lysates and PTHrP increased RANKL. In vivo studies also revealed high osteoclastic activity surrounding developing teeth in mice administered PTH.Conclusions: These results demonstrate that PTHrP influences the balance of OPG and RANKL production by cementoblasts, and further indicate that this effect, in the context of surrounding cells, might have a significant impact on osteoclastogenesis, root resorption, and tooth eruption. J Periodontol 2004;75:1247‐1254.
The Comparative Effect of Ultrasonic Scalers on Titanium Surfaces: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Sato Shuichi , Kishida Mamoru , Ito Koichi 
Published: February 2005

Background: Professional maintenance is as important for patients with dental implants as it is for patients with natural teeth. However, no proper maintenance instruments have been available for implant patients. The purpose of this in vitro study was to compare the effects of a new ultrasonic scaler (VR), a conventional ultrasonic scaler (SP), and a plastic scaler (PS) on titanium surfaces.Methods: To simulate subgingival conditions, the implant healing abutments were connected to acrylic resin blocks with artificial gingiva using silicon impression material. The abutments were painted with ink as an artificial form of debris. The ink was removed with the VR, SP, or PS scaler for 60 seconds under standardized conditions, and the removal rate was calculated. The roughness of the abutment surface was measured with a profilometer and observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).Results: The removal rate using the VR and SP scalers was higher than that using the PS scaler. No significant differences in the surface roughness or SEM observations were found among the VR, SP, or PS scalers.Conclusions: In this preliminary study, the new ultrasonic scaler and conventional ultrasonic scaler were shown to be useful for removing artificial debris and produced no significant damage to titanium surfaces compared to plastic scalers. We concluded that new and conventional ultrasonic scalers with a non‐metal tip would be suitable for implant maintenance. J Periodontol 2004;75:1269‐1273.
Undifferentiated Malignant Neoplasm Involving the Interdental Gingiva: A Case Report
Authors: Elkhoury Jad , Cacchillo David A. , Tatakis Dimitris N. , Kalmar John R. , Allen Carl M. , Sedghizadeh Parish P. 
Published: February 2005

Background: Metastases to the gingiva are uncommon. They can be a diagnostic challenge clinically because of their rarity and tendency to mimic benign lesions. In this report, we present a case of an undifferentiated malignant neoplasm of unknown origin presenting as benign inflammatory gingival lesions and we review the literature on metastases to the gingiva.Methods: A 44‐year‐old female patient was referred by a local periodontist for evaluation of multiple painless gingival lesions that clinically resembled pyogenic granulomas or periodontal abscesses, but with an uncharacteristic multifocal presentation in the background of good oral hygiene. Her medical history was unremarkable except for recent weight loss. Periapical radiographs were obtained, as well as two incisional biopsies, one placed in formalin for routine histology and immunohistochemistry, the other in phosphate buffered saline for flow cytometry.Results: Radiographic findings were non‐contributory for hard tissue pathoses. Histopathological findings were consistent with a poorly differentiated malignancy, suggestive of metastatic disease. Immunohistochemical studies and flow cytometry were unsupportive in delineating any tumor differentiation. The patient subsequently developed multiple tumors throughout the body with similar histopathological findings, yet no primary tumor was identified and a definitive diagnosis could not be rendered. She was discharged one month later in poor condition with the principal diagnosis of hemorrhage/ pancytopenia, and a secondary diagnosis of metastatic head and neck cancer.Conclusion: This case of malignant metastatic tumor of unknown origin presenting as benign gingival lesions illustrates the importance of thorough patient evaluation, which should include a biopsy when necessary for definitive diagnosis. J Periodontol 2004;75:1295‐1299.
Molekulare Erkennung in organischen Kristallen: gerichtete intermolekulare oder nichtlokalisierte Bindungen?
Authors: Dunitz Jack D. , Gavezzotti Angelo 
Published: January 2005

AbstractMoleküle werden hauptsächlich durch Kräfte zusammengehalten, die zwischen einzelnen Atomen wirken. Gilt gleiches auch für molekulare Cluster? Beruht die intermolekulare Kohäsion auf schwachen Bindungen zwischen einzelnen Atomen in separaten Molekülen oder auf weniger lokalisierten, diffuseren Wechselwirkungen zwischen Molekülen? Wir diskutieren diese Fragen aus mehreren Blickwinkeln, insbesondere vergleichen wir Folgerungen aus einer erweiterten Atoms‐in‐Molecules‐Theorie, die intermolekulare Wechselwirkungen bei Systemen mit abgeschlossenen Elektronenschalen berücksichtigt, mit solchen aus der neuen Pixel‐Methode zur Berechnung von Coulomb‐, Polarisations‐, Dispersions‐ und Abstoßungsenergien aus der Elektronendichte molekularer Cluster.
Meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials of colorectal surgery with or without mechanical bowel preparation (Br J Surg 2004; 91: 1125–1130)
Authors: Roumen R M H 
Published: January 2005

Abstract
The Editors welcome topical correspondence from readers relating to articles published in the Journal. Responses can be sent electronically via the BJS website (www.bjs.co.uk) or by post. All letters will be reviewed and, if approved, appear on the website. A selection of these will be edited and published in the Journal. Letters must be no more than 250 words in length. Letters submitted by post should be typed on A4-sized paper in double spacing and should be accompanied by a disk.
Lanthanide(III) Complexes of a Mono(methylphosphonate) Analogue of H4dota: The Influence of Protonation of the Phosphonate Moiety on the TSAP/SAP Isomer Ratio and the Water Exchange Rate
Authors: Rudovský Jakub , Cígler Petr , Kotek Jan , Hermann Petr , Vojtíšek Pavel , Lukeš Ivan , Peters Joop A. , Vander Elst Luce , Muller Robert N. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractA monophosphonate analogue of H4dota, 1,4,7,10‐tetraazacyclododecane‐4,7,10‐tris(carboxymethyl)‐1‐methylphosphonic acid (H5do3aP), and its complexes with lanthanides were synthesized. Multinuclear NMR studies reveal that, in aqueous solution, lanthanide(III) complexes of the ligand exhibit structures analogous to those of H4dota complexes. Thus, the central ion is nine‐coordinate, surrounded by four nitrogen atoms, three acetate and one phosphonate oxygen atoms, and one water molecule in an apical position. For complexes of H5do3aP with LnIII ions in the middle of the series, the abundance of the desired twisted square‐antiprismatic (TSAP) isomer is higher than for the corresponding H4dota complexes. The TSAP/square‐antiprismatic (SAP) isomer ratio is highly sensitive to protonation of the phosphonate group: a higher abundance of the TSAP isomer was found in acidic solutions. The microscopic protonation constants of the TSAP isomers are higher than those of the SAP isomers. The presence of one water molecule in the first coordination sphere of the complexes in the pH region studied (pH 2.5–7.0) is confirmed by 17O NMR spectroscopy. The results of a simultaneous fit of variable‐temperature 17O NMR relaxation data and 1H NMRD profiles show that the residence time of water (τM) in the GdIII complex is much smaller than for [Gd(dota)(H2O)]−. The exchange rate appears to be dependent on the pH of the solution. The values of τM are 37, 40, and 14 ns at pH 2.5, 4.7, and 7.0, respectively. These observations can be explained by an extensive second‐sphere hydrogen‐bonding network that varies with the state of protonation of the phosphonate moiety. Upon protonation of the complex, the second‐sphere hydration probably becomes more ordered, which may result in a decrease in penetrability and an increase in τM. The relaxivity of the GdIII complex is almost independent of the pH and is equal to 4.7 s−1 mM−1 (20 MHz, pH 7 and 37 °C). The solid‐state structure was determined for the NdIII complex. It crystallizes as the TSAP isomer and the unit cell contains two independent molecules of the complex with different NdO(water) bond lengths of 2.499 and 2.591 Å.
New Insight into Solvent Effects on the Formal HOO. + HOO. Reaction
Authors: Foti Mario C. , Sortino Salvatore , Ingold K. U. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe 2,2′‐azobis(isobutyronitrile)(AIBN)‐induced autoxidation of γ‐terpinene (TH) at 50 °C produces p‐cymene and hydrogen peroxide in a radical‐chain reaction having HOO. as one of the chain‐carrying radicals. The kinetics of this reaction in cyclohexane and tert‐butyl alcohol show that chain termination involves the formal HOO. + HOO. self‐reaction over a wide range of γ‐terpinene, AIBN, and O2 concentrations. However, in acetonitrile this termination process is accompanied by termination via the cross‐reaction of the terpinenyl radical, T., with the HOO. radical under conditions of relatively high [TH] (140–1000 mM) and low [O2] (2.0–5.5 mM). This is because the formal HOO. + HOO. reaction is comparatively slow in acetonitrile (2k∼8×107 M−1 s−1), whereas, this reaction is almost diffusion‐controlled in tert‐butyl alcohol and cyclohexane, 2k∼6.5×108 and 1.3×109 M−1 s−1, respectively. Three mechanisms for the bimolecular self‐reaction of HOO. radicals are considered: 1) a head‐to‐tail hydrogen‐atom transfer from one radical to the other, 2) a head‐to‐head reaction to form an intermediate tetroxide, and 3) an electron‐transfer between HOO. and its conjugate base, the superoxide radical anion, O2−.. The rate constant for reaction by mechanism (1) is shown to be dependent on the hydrogen bond (HB) accepting ability of the solvent; that by mechanism (2) is shown to be too slow for this process to be of any importance; and that by mechanism (3) is dependent on the pH of the solvent and its ability to support ionization. Mechanism (3) was found to be the main termination process in tert‐butyl alcohol and acetonitrile. In the gas phase, the rate constant for the HOO. + HOO. reaction (mechanism (1)) is about 1.8×109 M−1 s−1 but in water at pH≤2 where the ionization of HOO. is completely suppressed, this rate constant is only 8.6×105 M−1 s−1. The very large retarding effect of water on this reaction has not previously been explained. We find that it can be quantitatively accounted for by using Abraham's HB acceptor parameter, ${{\rm \beta} {{{\rm H}\hfill \atop 2\hfill}}}$, for water of 0.38 and an estimated HB donor parameter, ${{\rm \alpha} {{{\rm H}\hfill \atop 2\hfill}}}$, for HOO. of about 0.87. These Abraham parameters allow us to predict a rate constant for the HOO. + HOO. reaction in water at 25 °C of 1.2×106 M−1 s−1 in excellent agreement with experiment.
Regional patterns and trends in cancer mortality among American Indians and Alaska Natives, 1990–2001
Authors: Espey David , Paisano Roberta , Cobb Nathaniel 
Published: January 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDNational estimates of cancer mortality indicate relatively low rates for American Indians (AIs) and Alaska Natives (ANs). However, these rates are derived from state vital records in which racial misclassification is known to exist.METHODSIn this cross‐sectional study of cancer mortality among AIs and ANs living in counties on or near reservations, the authors used death records and census population estimates to calculate annualized, age‐adjusted mortality rates for key cancer types for the period 1996–2001 for 5 geographic regions: East (E), Northern Plains (NP), Southwest (SW), Pacific Coast (PC), and Alaska (AK). Mortality rate ratios (MRRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) also were calculated to compare rates with those in the general United States population (USG) for the same period. To examine temporal trends, MRRs for 1996–2001 were compared with MMRs for 1990–1995.RESULTSThe overall cancer mortality rate was lower in AIs and ANs (165.6 per 100,000 population; 95% CI, 161.7–169.5) than in the USG (200.9 per 100,000 population; 95% CI, 200.7–201.2). In the regional analysis, however, cancer mortality was higher in AK (MRR = 1.26; 95% CI, 1.17–1.36) and in the NP (MMR = 1.37; 95% CI, 1.31–1.44) than in the USG. In both regions, the excess mortality was attributed to cancer of the lung, colorectum, liver, stomach, and kidney. In the SW, the mortality rate for cancer of the liver and stomach was higher than the rate in the USG, in contrast with that region's nearly 4‐fold lower mortality rate for lung cancer (MRR = 0.23; 95% CI, 0.19–0.27). Rates of cervical cancer mortality were higher among AIs and ANs (MRR = 1.35; 95% CI, 1.13–1.62), notably in the NP and SW. Rates of breast cancer mortality generally were lower (MRR = 0.60; 95% CI, 0.55–0.66), notably in the PC, SW, and E. Cancer mortality increased by 5% in AIs and ANs (MRR for 1996–2001 compared with 1990–1995: 1.05; 95% CI, 1.01–1.08), whereas it decreased by 6% in the USG (MMR = 0.94; 95% CI, 0.94–0.94).CONCLUSIONSRegional data should guide local cancer prevention and control activities in AIs and ANs. The disparity in temporal trends in cancer mortality between AIs and ANs and the USG gives urgency to improving cancer control in this population. Cancer 2005. Published 2005 by the American Cancer Society.
Reproducibility of cytologic atypia in repeat nipple duct lavage
Authors: Johnson‐Maddux April , Ashfaq Raheela , Cler Leslie , Naftalis Elizabeth , Leitch Ann Marilyn , Hoover Susan , Euhus David M. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDIt is believed that atypical cells identified by nipple duct lavage (NDL) indicate an increased risk for breast carcinoma similar to atypical ductal hyperplasia diagnosed by tissue biopsy, but many basic performance characteristics of NDL currently are undefined.METHODSNDL was performed in 108 patients unselected for breast carcinoma risk and then was repeated after 2–14 months (median, 8 months) if the initial lavage was classified as atypical. Breast magnetic resonance images (MRIs) were obtained from a subset of patients who had atypical lavage results.RESULTSMarked atypia was diagnosed in 22% of 36 breasts with an incident carcinoma compared with 7% of 172 unaffected breasts (P = 0.01). After excluding breasts with an incident carcinoma, there were 32 patients (30%) with either mild or marked atypia. The lavage was repeated in 23 of these women, and the second lavage was classified as atypical in 48%. Neither marked atypia on the initial lavage nor a 5‐year Gail risk ≥ 1.7% predicted atypia on repeat lavage, but there was a trend for improved reproducibility when the atypia initially was diagnosed in a fluid‐producing duct. MRIs were abnormal in 13% of 24 breasts with an atypical lavage, and ductal carcinoma in situ was diagnosed subsequently in 1 breast.CONCLUSIONSAtypia frequently is diagnosed by NDL, but the reproducibility of repeat lavage is low. Lavage atypia may be physiologic or artifactual rather than pathologic in many instances. Marked atypia occasionally may represent mammographically occult ductal carcinoma in situ. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Levels of angiogenesis and expression of angiogenesis‐related genes are prognostic for organ‐specific metastasis of renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Fukata Satoshi , Inoue Keiji , Kamada Masayuki , Kawada Chiaki , Furihata Mutsuo , Ohtsuki Yuji , Shuin Taro 
Published: January 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDTo identify organ‐specific, metastasis‐related factors that can be used to predict the development and location of metastasis of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (CRCC), the authors assessed the angiogenesis and the expression of angiogenesis‐related genes in primary and metastatic tumors.METHODSThey evaluated intratumoral microvessel density (MVD) by immunohistochemical staining, assessed the expression of angiogenesis‐related genes by mRNA in situ hybridization, and determined the clinicopathologic characteristics of 92 archival specimens of primary and metastatic CRCCs from 54 patients. All 38 metastatic tumor specimens were resected from 24 patients.RESULTSThe pathologic stage (P = 0.026) of the primary tumor specimen was an important predictor for metastasis, as were MVD (P = 0.000025) and the ratio of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) to E‐cadherin (M/E ratio; P = 0.000041). In addition, primary tumor specimens resected from patients with metastatic CRCCs had high MVD, high levels of MMP‐2 expression, and a high M/E ratio (P < 0.05). Relative to the primary tumors, the metastatic tumors also had high MVD, overexpression of basic fibroblast growth factor, vascular endothelial growth factor, interleukin‐8, MMPs, and a high M/E ratio (P < 0.05). Multivariate analysis revealed that MVD and the M/E ratio in the primary tumor were independent prognostic factors for metastasis (P = 0.049 and P = 0.001, respectively). Furthermore, the M/E ratio in metastatic tumor specimens resected from the lung and lymph node was an independent prognostic factor for metastasis (P = 0.01823 and P = 0.03950, respectively).CONCLUSIONSThe current study indicated that angiogenesis and M/E ratio were specific predictors for metastases of RCC, especially to the lung or lymph node. Therefore, MMPs and E‐cadherin could be relevant targets for novel therapeutic strategies to control or prevent the metastasis of RCC. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Risk of childhood germ cell tumors in association with parental smoking and drinking
Authors: Chen Zhi , Robison Leslie , Giller Roger , Krailo Mark , Davis Mary , Gardner Kathleen , Davies Stella , Shu Xiao‐Ou 
Published: January 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe etiology of childhood germ cell tumors (GCT) is not well understood. The Children's Oncology Group conducted the largest case–control study of childhood GCT to investigate whether parental exposures to smoking and alcohol contributed to the disease.METHODSCases included 274 children with GCT diagnosed between January 1, 1993 and December 31, 2001 who were age < 15 years. Controls (n = 421) were selected by random digit dialing and were frequency matched based on gender, age (±1 year), and geographic area. Exposure information was collected from subjects' parents using independent telephone interviews and self‐administrated questionnaires.RESULTSNo association was found between parental smoking or drinking alcohol and risk of childhood GCT (for smoking: odds ratio [OR] = 1.0, 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.8–1.3 and OR = 1.2, 95% CI, 0.9–1.5, for mothers and fathers, respectively; for drinking: OR = 0.9, 95% CI, 0.7–1.2 and OR = 1.0, 95% CI, 0.8–1.3, for mothers and fathers, respectively). No significant trend was observed for length of maternal exposure to passive smoking during the index pregnancy and GCT risk (for total subject: P = 0.77; boys: P = 0.52; girls: P = 0.93).CONCLUSIONSThe authors found no evidence that childhood GCT was related to prenatal exposure to parental cigarette smoking, alcohol drinking, and maternal passive smoking. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
A reassessment of dynamic characteristics of the Quincy Bayview Bridge using output‐only identification techniques
Authors: Pridham Brad A. , Wilson John C. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractA reassessment of the dynamic characteristics of the 542 m cable‐stayed Bayview Bridge in Quincy, Illinois, is presented using a newly developed output‐only system identification technique. The technique is applied to an extensive set of ambient vibration response data acquired from the bridge in 1987. Vertical, torsional and transverse modal frequencies of the deck are identified, and uncertainty in damping values are estimated using an automated procedure on several redundant measurements at four locations. Important practical implementation issues associated with the implementation of the procedure and selection of algorithm design parameters for stochastic subspace identification techniques are discussed.An overall mean and standard deviation of damping of 1.0±0.8% is estimated considering all identified vertical, torsional and transverse modes in the 0–2 Hz band. The mean damping for the fundamental vertical mode (0.37 Hz) is identified as 1.4±0.5%, and for the first coupled torsion–transverse mode (0.56 Hz) is identified as 1.1±0.8%. Variability in the damping estimates is shown to decrease as estimated modal RMS acceleration levels increase. Standard deviations on estimated damping range from 0.05% to 2%. The results are shown to be a substantial improvement in the evaluation of damping compared to earlier spectral analysis conducted on the same data set. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On tuned mass dampers for reducing the seismic response of structures
Authors: Miranda Julio C. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThis paper presents an energy‐based theoretical model for a two degree‐of‐freedom mechanical system. After a general formulation in Appendix A, the model is specialized to study tuned mass dampers as a means to substantially increase modal damping in order to induce a consequential decrease of the seismic response of the structures thus provided. Although approximate since it neglects coupling due to damping, it is shown that the model yields a first‐order approximation to the exact frequencies, providing values of optimum damping that closely match exact results proposed by others. In view of this, it is proposed that the model be applied through an iterative numerical procedure that identifies the pertinent optimum parameters. It is also shown that for certain particular benchmark cases the model provides closed‐form equations for the parameters defining the dynamic states related to these special conditions. Despite its approximate nature the model presented in this paper is rational, and due to its explicit consideration of energy balance and overall simplicity, it provides a convenient platform for the study of tuned mass dampers, as well as for other methods of structural passive control. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.