bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
NGC 6302: The Tempestuous Life of a Butterfly
Authors: Balick Bruce , Borchert Lars , Kastner Joel H. , Frank Adam , Blackman Eric , Nordhaus Jason , Moraga Baez Paula 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
NGC 6302 (The Butterfly Nebula) is an extremely energetic and rapidly expanding bipolar planetary nebula (PN). If the central source is a single star, then its apparent location in an H-R diagram places it among the most massive, hottest, and presumably rapidly evolving of all central stars of PNe. Our proper motion study of NGC 6302, based on Hubble Space Telescope WFC3 images spanning 11 yr, has uncovered at least four different pairs of uniformly expanding internal lobes ejected at various times and orientations over the past two millennia at speeds ranging from 10–600 km s−1. In addition, we find a pair of collimated off-axis flows in constant motion at ∼770 ± 100 km s−1 within which bright [Fe ii] feathers are conspicuous. Combining our results with those previously published, we find that the ensemble of flows has an ionized mass >0.1 M
⊙ and its kinetic energy, between 1046 and 1048 erg, lies at the upper end of gravity-powered PNe ejection processes such as stellar mergers or mass accretion. We assemble our results into a plausible historical timeline of ejections from the nucleus and suggest that the ejections are powered by gravitational infall.
Peculiar Spectral Property of Coherent Radio Emission from a Hot Magnetic Star: The Case of an Extreme Oblique Rotator
Authors: Das Barnali , Chandra Poonam 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
We report ultra-wideband (0.4–4.0 GHz) observation of coherent radio emission via electron cyclotron maser emission (ECME) produced by the hot magnetic star HD 142990. With nearly perpendicular rotation and magnetic dipole axes, it represents an extreme case of oblique rotators. The large obliquity is predicted to cause a complex distribution of stellar wind plasma in the magnetosphere. It has been proposed that such a distribution will give rise to a nontrivial frequency dependence of ECME. Indeed we discovered strong frequency dependence of different pulse properties, such as the appearance of secondary pulses, different cutoff frequencies for pulses observed at different rotational phases, etc. But the unique feature that we observed is that while at sub-gigahertz frequencies, the star appears to produce ECME in the extraordinary mode, at gigahertz frequencies, the mode indicated by the pulse property is the ordinary mode. By considering the physical condition needed by such a scenario, we conclude that the required transition of the magnetoionic mode with frequency is unlikely to occur, and the most promising scenario is refraction caused by the complex plasma distribution surrounding the star. This suggests that the conventional way to deduce the magnetoionic mode based on ECME observed at a given frequency is not a reliable method for stars with large misalignment between their rotation and magnetic axes. We also find that ECME exhibits an upper cutoff at ≲3.3 GHz, which is much smaller than the frequency corresponding to the maximum stellar magnetic field strength.
JADES Initial Data Release for the Hubble Ultra Deep Field: Revealing the Faint Infrared Sky with Deep JWST NIRCam Imaging
Authors: Rieke Marcia J. , Robertson Brant , Tacchella Sandro , Hainline Kevin , Johnson Benjamin D. , Hausen Ryan , Ji Zhiyuan , Willmer Christopher N. A. , Eisenstein Daniel J. , Puskás Dávid , Alberts Stacey , Arribas Santiago , Baker William M. , Baum Stefi , Bhatawdekar Rachana , Bonaventura Nina , Boyett Kristan , Bunker Andrew J. , Cameron Alex J. , Carniani Stefano , Charlot Stephane , Chevallard Jacopo , Chen Zuyi , Curti Mirko , Curtis-Lake Emma , Danhaive A. Lola , DeCoursey Christa , Dressler Alan , Egami Eiichi , Endsley Ryan , Helton Jakob M. , Hviding Raphael E. , Kumari Nimisha , Looser Tobias J. , Lyu Jianwei , Maiolino Roberto , Maseda Michael V. , Nelson Erica J. , Rieke George , Rix Hans-Walter , Sandles Lester , Saxena Aayush , Sharpe Katherine , Shivaei Irene , Skarbinski Maya , Smit Renske , Stark Daniel P. , Stone Meredith , Suess Katherine A. , Sun Fengwu , Topping Michael , Übler Hannah , Villanueva Natalia C. , Wallace Imaan E. B. , Williams Christina C. , Willott Chris , Whitler Lily , Witstok Joris , Woodrum Charity 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
JWST has revolutionized the field of extragalactic astronomy with its sensitive and high-resolution infrared view of the distant Universe. Adding to the new legacy of JWST observations, we present the first NIRCam imaging data release from the JWST Advanced Deep Extragalactic Survey (JADES), providing nine filters of infrared imaging of ∼25 arcmin2 covering the Hubble Ultra Deep Field and portions of Great Observatories Origins Deep Survey South. Utilizing 87 on-sky dual-filter hours of exposure time, these images reveal the deepest ever near-infrared view of this iconic field. We supply carefully constructed nine-band mosaics of the JADES bands, as well as matching reductions of five additional bands from the JWST Extragalactic Medium-band Survey. Combining with existing Hubble Space Telescope imaging, we provide 23-band space-based photometric catalogs and photometric redshifts for ≈47,500 sources. To promote broad engagement with JADES, we have created an interactive FitsMap website to provide an interface for professional researchers and the public to experience these JWST data sets. Combined with the first JADES NIRSpec data release, these public JADES imaging and spectroscopic data sets provide a new foundation for discoveries of the infrared Universe by the worldwide scientific community.
Constraints to Efficiently Find Interstellar Object Generated Craters on the Moon
Authors: Chang Daniel , Hsieh 謝 Cheng-Han 承翰 , Laughlin Gregory 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Recent observations of interstellar objects (ISO) crossing the solar system suggest the possible existence of ISO-generated craters on the Moon. We explore how different crater properties such as age, size, melt, and position can be used to search for ISO-generated craters on the lunar surface. We find that selecting young, small craters with a high volume of melt located away from the lunar poles increases the likelihood of association with a high-speed ISO by 100 fold as compared to selecting randomly, assuming high-speed ISO impacts generate melt. We note that craters from other sources however still massively outnumber ISO-generated craters.
A comprehensive database of squirrel distribution and occurrence in South Asia
Authors: Swati Udayraj , D'Souza Senan , Aravind Palassery , Muni Rakesh , Rajamani Nandini 
Published: October 2023

The Squirrels of South Asia (SOSA) database compiles comprehensive distribution and occurrence information on all squirrel species that occur in this region (34 species). These 34 squirrel species, including tree, flying and ground squirrels, represent 14% of global sciurid diversity. The database collates curated data from various sources such as museums, literature, primary fieldwork, citizen science and social media platforms and covers the entire distributional ranges of the target species, including countries in Central Asia and Southeast Asia when required. The SOSA database enhances our understanding of squirrel distribution, population dynamics and their conservation needs in South Asia by consolidating information. It aims to be a valuable resource for researchers, conservationists and wildlife enthusiasts.
As of March 2023, the database comprises over 40,000 records of 34 species in over 30 countries globally. Spending an average of 334 hours on each species, more than 20 data collectors put in over 10,000 hours to gather, curate and build this database. The database has resulted in novel records of species occurrence in regions and countries that are poorly represented in currently available global data repositories. The current version which has been made public via GBIF comprises of 1187 records of all 34 species across multiple sources. This is a subset of the SOSA database.
Prevention of cardiovascular diseases
Authors: Vakrilova Becheva Maria Stamova , Kirkova-Bogdanova Angelina Georgieva , Ivanova Stefka Аchkova , Atanasov Petar Jordanov , Chaneva Mariya Sevdelinova , Petkova Valentina Boyanova 
Published: October 2023

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are socially significant diseases due to high morbidity and loss of people of working age. In Bulgaria, they are the leading cause of mortality among the population and are a consequence of the effect of cardiovascular risk factors. The draft of the National Health Strategy (NHS) 2021–2030 reports on their wide distribution, as well as on the insufficient knowledge, skills and motivation for their prevention and control.
The purpose of this review is to address the prevention of cardiovascular disease, which is a significant problem worldwide. Prevention goals for patients with established cardiovascular disease and those at high risk include smoking cessation, healthy eating, physical activity, and lowering body mass index. There are various methods that are part of health promotion to reduce CVD risks. These methods include motivational interviewing, non-pharmacological means, the use of certain medications for CVD prevention, as well as physical activity. Strategies for effective primary prevention refer to engaging the patient to change their lifestyle and identifying risk factors, while secondary prevention is aimed at activities to detect the disease early and to slow down its progression. It is necessary to create a strategy for timely preventive actions with a view to preventing the negative influence of risk factors and improving people‘s heart health.
Anti-Biofilm Potential of Lactobacillus casei and Lactobacillus rhamnosus Cell-Free Supernatant Extracts Against Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Saidi Navid , Saderi Horieh , Owlia Parviz , Soleimani Mohammad 
Published: October 2023

Background:
Biofilm production is an important virulence factor in Staphylococcus aureus. Most of the infections associated with biofilms of this bacterium are very difficult to treat using antibiotics. The present research studied the effects of the two probiotic Lactobacillus species L. casei and L. rhamnosus on S. aureus biofilm.

Materials and Methods:
Cell-free supernatant (CFS) extracts of L. casei ATCC 39392 and L. rhamnosus ATCC 7469 culture were prepared. The effects of sub-minimum inhibitory concentrations of the CFS extracts on cell surface hydrophobicity (CSH), initial attachment, biofilm formation, and their ability in eradicating S. aureus ATCC 33591 biofilms were assessed. In addition, the effects of CFS extracts on expression of the genes involved in formation of S. aureus biofilms (cidA, hld, sarA, icaA, and icaR) were also evaluated through real-time polymerase chain reaction.

Results:
CFSs of both Lactobacillus spp. significantly reduced CSH, initial attachment, and biofilm formation and eradicated the biofilms. The above findings were supported by scanning electron microscopy results. These two Lactobacillus CFSs significantly changed the expression of all studied biofilm-related genes. Expression levels of cidA, hld, and icaR genes significantly increased by 4.4, 2.3, and 4.76 fold, respectively, but sarA and icaA genes were significantly downregulated by 3.12 and 2.3 fold.

Conclusion:
The results indicated that CFS extracts of L. casei and L. rhamnosus had desirable antagonistic and anti-biofilm effects against S. aureus. Consequently, carrying out further research enables us to prepare pharmaceuticals from these CFSs in order to prevent and treat infections caused by S. aureus biofilms.
Comparison of the Effectiveness of Two Types of Commercial Endotracheal Tube Holders, with the Conventional Method in a Manikin Model
Authors: Nasr Isfahani Mehdi , Abootalebi Alireza , Ghaznavi Khatere , Kamali Dolatabadi Leila 
Published: October 2023

Background:
Endotracheal intubation is employed to create a safe airway in patients requiring mechanical ventilation. The relatively high prevalence rate of unplanned displacement of the endotracheal tube (ETT) can be associated with serious complications. This study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of a newly designed tube holder in Iran (Irafit), the Thomas ETT holder and the traditional method using adhesive tape.

Materials and Methods:
The present manikin-based study was performed on the human mannequin. For this purpose, the mannequin was first subjected to oral intubation by a skilled emergency medicine specialist. Then, three methods of adhesive tape, Irafit-ETT holder, and Thomas-ETT holder were used. The mean of displacement in width of the mouth, length of the ETT, and depth as well as ETT removal was recorded.

Results:
The results of the present study revealed that the displacement in depth was significantly less in the Irafit-ETT holder as compared with the other two groups following the application of a tug (P < 0.001). The displacement in the length of the ETT with and without the application of a tug was significantly less in the Irafit-ETT holder and Thomas-ETT holder groups as compared with the adhesive tape group (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:
According to the results of the present study, it can be stated that both ETT holder devices (Thomas vs. Irafit) were not distinct in terms of displacements in length and width; however, the Iranian model was more successful in minimizing the displacement in depth.
Vascular and Neural Invasion in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Study in an Iranian population
Authors: Torabinia Nakisa , Jahanshahi Gholamreza , Eslami Vahid , Keshani Forooz 
Published: October 2023

Background:
Among various parameters used to predict the outcome of malignancy, nerve invasion has been widely considered as a sign of aggressive behavior in oral cancers. According to the importance of neural invasion in predicting the outcome of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), this study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of neural and vascular invasion in OSCC.

Materials and Methods:
In this descriptive, analytical, and cross-sectional study, paraffin-embedded tissues of 62 OSCC in the health center of surgery and pathology were evaluated (2013–2015). Patients' archives were evaluated and recorded in terms of their age and gender. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) slides were then examined by two oral pathologists and scrutinized for the presence of nerve involvement, tumor differentiation, vascular and lymph node invasion, and depth of invasion. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 23, t-test, and one-way ANOVA (P < 0.05).

Results:
Of 62 tumors, 12 patients showed only nerve invasion, 17 cases had only vascular invasion, and seven patients had both neural and vascular invasion, simultaneously, known as a neurovascular invasion. Furthermore, there was no vascular and neural invasion in 26 cases. There was a statistically significant correlation between vascular and neural invasion and the tumor site (P = 0.045). The highest frequency of neural invasion, as well as vascular invasion, was related to tongue tumors.

Conclusion:
The relation between neural and vascular invasion in OSCC with tumor's location was statistically significant. Lip and tongue carcinoma had shown more neurovascular invasion without relation to gender, age, and cell differentiation.
A Combined Nomogram Model to Preoperatively Predict Positive Sentinel Lymph Biopsy for Breast Cancer In Iranian Population
Authors: Nafissi Nahid , Zareie Bushra , Rezagholi Payman , Moayeri Hassan 
Published: October 2023

Background:
Axillary dissection in breast cancer provides useful information on the degree of axillary nodule involvement, which serves as a reliable indicator for the prognosis and staging of breast cancer in patients. The aim of this study was to develop and validate the nomogram model by combining prognostic factors and clinical features to predict the node status of preoperative breast guard positive node cancer.

Materials and Methods:
Subjects consisted of patients referring to hospitals with the diagnosis of breast cancer. Patients were allowed to substitute molecular subtypes with data on breast cancer diagnosis and prognosis as well as sentinel node status. The bootstrap review was used for internal validation. The predicted performance was evaluated based on the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve. According to the logistic regression analysis, the nomograms reported material strength between predictors and final status reliability.

Results:
1172 patients participated in the study, of whom only 539 patients had axillary lymph node involvement. The subtype, family history, calcification, and necrosis were not significantly related to axillary lymph node involvement. Tumor size, histological type, and lymphovascular invasion in multivariate logistic regression were significantly and directly correlated with axillary lymph node involvement.

Conclusion:
Nomograms, depending on the population, help make decisions to prevent axillary surgery. It seems that the prediction model presented in this study, based on the results of the neuromography, can help surgeons make a more informed decision on underarm surgery. Moreover, in some cases, their surgical program will be informed by accurate medical care and preclusion of major surgeries such as ALND.
Effect of Nasturtium Extract on Oral Cancer
Authors: Nilash Amid B. , Jahanbani Jahanfar , Jolehar Maryam 
Published: October 2023

Background:
Considering the global prevalence of cancers and the complications of common cancer treatments, there is growing interest in using medicinal herbs to complement cancer treatments and reduce treatment's side effects. Therefore, we investigate the effect of the extract of Nasturtium on the viability of oral cancer cells.

Materials and Methods:
In this experimental study, we prepared aqueous extract from Nasturtium leaves and human oral cancer cells (OCC-24) and normal fibroblast cells (HF2FF cell line) from a cell bank. Then the toxic effect of different concentrations of the extract on cell viability after 24–48 hours of exposure was investigated with the methylthiazol tetrazolium assay. Ultimately, the optical density was measured at 570 nm by an Elisa Reader. Analysis of inhibitory concentration 50 (IC50) was also performed. The data were analyzed by paired Student's t-test and one-way analysis of variance.

Results:
Data showed that the extract had statistically significant anticancer effects in concentrations above 0.125 mg/ml for 24-hour exposure and in concentrations above 0.5 mg/ml for 48-hour exposure (p-value <0.05). Also, this extract had an adverse effect on the viability of normal cells; however, this effect occurred in high doses of the extract (p-value <0.05). Analysis of IC50 criteria indicates that with increasing time, a higher concentration of the extract is required to inhibit the viability of cancer cells.

Conclusion:
Because of the results, this aqueous extract can be suggested as a potential therapeutic agent in oral cancer. The best concentration of the extract was found to be 1 mg/ml.
Detection of HSV-1, HSV-2 and VZV Isolated from Cerebrospinal Fluid Samples of Children Suspected to Encephalitis
Authors: Dehghan Golnaz , Goudarzi Hossein , Saket Sasan , Kazemi Aghdam Maryam , Golrokh Mofrad Morvarid , Faghihloo Ebrahim 
Published: October 2023

Background:
Encephalitis is an uncommon, serious brain infection that can cause fatality among children. The cause of most encephalitis remained unknown, yet viruses are the most well-known infectious agents that cause encephalitis. This study aimed to determine varicella–zoster virus (VZV) and herpes simplex virus type 1, 2 (HSV1/2) among individuals who are under 5 years of age in Iran.

Materials and Methods:
In this study, 149 cerebrospinal fluid samples of suspected patients of encephalitis were analyzed with some symptoms, such as seizure, fever, nausea loss of consciousness, and dizziness from Mofid Children's Hospital in Tehran, Iran. Then, the molecular evaluation of samples was performed using multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) for detecting HSV1/2 and VZV.

Results:
The mean age of the patients was 1.8 years. Also, 63.4% of children were male and 36.6% were female. Out of 149 tested samples, 11 (7.3%) showed the viral DNA for one of the herpes viruses (7.3%). Nine samples were HSV1 positive (6.0%) and two samples were VZV positive (1.3%). Fever and vomiting were the most frequent symptoms. The mean ± standard deviation (SD) WBC and counts in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-positive samples, and all included samples were 298.8 ± 552.7 cells/μL and 131.1 ± 474.6 cells/μL, respectively.

Conclusions:
Although viral encephalitis is considered a threat to children's health, with accurate diagnosis and appropriate antiviral drugs, death and neurological complications in children can be prevented.
Clinico-Mycological Study of Onychomycosis in Indian Diabetic Patients
Authors: Agrawal Sonia , Singal Archana , Grover Chander , Das Shukla , Madhu S. V. 
Published: October 2023

Background:
Onychomycosis (OM) is the most common nail disorder accounting for 40–50% of all onychopathies. Onychomycosis is caused by dermatophytes in majority, mostly Trichophyton (T.) rubrum followed by T. mentragrophytes var. interdigitale. However, there is a variation in the etiological profile with the subset of population, time, and geographical location. In immunocompromised hosts, non-dermatophytic molds (NDMs) and yeasts like Candida albicans and Candida parapsilosis are the main causative agents. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a well-established risk factor for OM.

Aim and Objectives:
This study was conducted to determine the clinical and mycological characteristics of OM in diabetic patients and to evaluate the clinico-etiological correlation, if any.

Materials and Methods:
Three hundred consecutive diabetic patients were screened, of whom 102 (34%) patients were diagnosed with OM based on clinical, mycological, dermoscopic, and histological criteria.

Results:
Distal lateral subungual onychomycosis was the most common clinical variant seen in 80 (78.43%) patients. Fungal culture was positive in 57 (55.88%) of which NDMs constituted approximately half (47.61%) of the isolates, followed by Candida species (30.15%) and dermatophytes (22.22%). The clinico-mycological correlation was performed to look for the association of various fungi with the clinical type of OM. Distal lateral subungual onychomycosis was majorly caused by NDMs (51.02%), followed by Candida species (28.57%), and dermatophytes (20.40%).

Conclusion:
Non-dermatophytic molds are increasingly incriminated as the causative organisms for OM in DM and must be considered as potential pathogens in the present scenario, thus necessitating the change in the treatment options accordingly.