bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN FRAILTY IDENTIFICATION, TREATMENT, AND PREVENTION IN OLDER ADULTS: A REVIEW
Authors: Hoogendijk Emiel , Dent Elsa 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Frailty is a clinical condition characterized by an increased susceptibility to stressors and an elevated risk of adverse outcomes such as mortality. In the light of global population aging, the prevalence of frailty is expected to soar in coming decades. The current study provides a review of novel developments and emerging practices in frailty research regarding prevention, identification, and management of the condition in older adults. We searched geriatric journals in the top two quartiles (based on 2021 Impact Factors from Clarivate Journal Citation Reports) for articles published between January 2018 and December 2022. We screened 1519 articles for eligibility and assessed the full text of 278 articles. Popular research trends included the study of frailty transitions and trajectories, analyses of life-course risk factors for frailty, identifying frailty using biomarkers (and biomarker panels), and investigating the altered response to medications by older adults with frailty. Other areas with novel developments included: artificial intelligence (machine learning) for frailty identification; exercise and physical activity for the management of frailty; medication management, gerontechnology; education of healthcare professionals; integrated care; person-centered care; guidelines; cost-effectiveness of management strategies; and COVID-19. This review identified a strong need for the implementation and evaluation of cost-effective and community-based interventions to prevent and manage frailty. Our findings highlight the need to strengthen healthcare systems to better support older adults with frailty and involve those with frailty in shared decision-making regarding their care.
USING HOSPITAL ELECTRONIC HEALTH RECORDS TO DETERMINE FRAILTY WITH THE PICTORIAL FIT-FRAIL SCALE
Authors: Bohnsack Alanna , Faig Karla , Cook Allyson , MacLellan Cameron , Benjamin Susan , Shanks Josh , Gionet Sherry , Jarrett Pamela 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Hip fractures are common in older adults, particularly those that are frail. There is no “gold standard” tool to measure frailty retrospectively from hospital Electronic Health Records (EHRs). The aim of this research was to explore the utility of the Pictorial Fit-Frail Scale (PFFS) in determining frailty retrospectively in older adults admitted to hospital with a hip fracture. A random sample of 200 patients who had a hip fracture was extracted from a larger sample of 682 hip fractures that occurred in older adults (65 years and older) admitted to a Level 1 Trauma Center (April 2015-March 2019). Each EHR was reviewed to determine the availability of data and the score for each of the 14 PFFS domains. The majority, 189 (94.5%) of the EHRs, had data to complete 11-14 of the domains. Patient information was often unavailable to complete the domains of daytime tiredness and pain. The average age was 83.2 (SD 8.2), and 73.0% were female. The mean Raw PFFS score prior to admission was 9.7 (SD 6.6), and 45.5% of patients were classified as moderately or severely frail. Using the Standardized PFFS score (adjusted for up to three missing domains), the mean score was 11.8 (SD 7.9), and 58.2% of patients were classified as moderately or severely frail. The hospital EHR can be used to complete the PFFS. This finding provides researchers and healthcare professionals with a way to stratify older hospitalized patients by frailty, which may be a useful tool for evaluating health outcomes.
FACTOR STRUCTURE OF THE BRIEF PAIN INVENTORY–SHORT FORM IN AFRICAN AMERICAN OLDER ADULTS WITH OSTEOARTHRITIS
Authors: Wu Jianli , Horgas Ann , Booker Staja 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The Brief Pain Inventory-Short Form (BPI-SF) is a widely used questionnaire designed to assess aspects of cancer pain, such as pain intensity and pain interference. Psychometric properties have rarely been evaluated in other pain conditions such as osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis is a major contributor to pain and physical disability in African Americans (AA) older adults. Thus, it is important to evaluate the psychometric properties of BPI-SF in this health disparity population. Participants were AA aged 50-94 years with self-reported osteoarthritis. The final convenience sample (N=110) completed surveys including a demographics questionnaire and the validated BPI-SF. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was used to evaluate the factor structure. Measurement invariance across two age groups [i.e., young-old (50-69); old-old (70-94)] was examined. CFA revealed that a three-factor model (i.e., pain intensity, activity interference, and affective interference) demonstrated the best fit (χ2/df=1.595, CFI=0.949, RMSEA=0.074) to the data. AAs reported pain intensity (M=4.58, SD=2.01), affective interference (M=3.03, SD=2.54), and activity interference (M=4.19, SD=3.25). The change of CFI between configural and metric invariance is below the cutoff point of .01, supporting the full metric (i.e., factor loadings) invariance across two age groups. However, the full scalar (i.e., items intercepts) invariance was not established. The results support a three-factor structure of BPI-SF that is invariance across two age groups at the full metric level. This suggests that the BPI-SF is an appropriate measure to characterize chronic pain intensity, affective interference, and activity interference for older AAs with osteoarthritis.
COMPARISON OF SENSOR BASED CONTINUOUS ADL ASSESSMENTS TO CARE-GIVER ADCS-ADL SURVEY RESULTS
Authors: Fitch John , Williams Rachel , Myers Dennis , Devin Michael 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This paper presents analysis results between the Birkeland Current (BC) Sovrin IoT in-home sensing system and monthly ADCS-ADL survey data for Care Recipient/Caregiver (CR/CG) pairs (N=117) as part of a Phase II NIA SBIR study (R44AG065118) conducted from 2021 to 2023. The analysis provides correlation analysis between overall BC ADL Scores and ADCS-ADL scores as well as comparisons to IADL/BADL scores. The CR population was screened to represent mild to mid-level cognitive decline and was continuously monitored in home and assisted living environments for up to 18 months. The BC system demonstrates significant correlation with the ADCS-ADL score at the level of sensitivity of the ADCS survey and subfactor results. The BC system is able to demonstrate sensitivity to a single point change in the two-factor BADL score as well as a single point change in the two-factor IADL score. Discussion of limitations of comparison to retroactive surveys is described. Novel ADL measurement dimensions are discussed for further study.
FEASIBILITY OF USING SMARTPHONES AS A TOOL TO PROMOTE PHYSICAL ACTIVITY IN OLDER ADULTS
Authors: Elumeze Josephine , Sarmiento Erika Ortiz , Chu Winnie , Friel Ciaran , Swartz Ann , Myers Alyson K , Nouryan Christian , Burns Edith 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Smartphones have potential to allow asynchronous education, individualized feedback and coaching around physical activity (PA) though it’s unclear if older adults make use of these capabilities. We conducted anonymous, semi-structured interviews/surveys on current PA levels, and experience with mobile technology and PA programs with a convenience sample of older adults, and family members/caregivers receiving care at a large geriatrics academic practice over a 3-month period. Data included demographics, experience with smartphone and PA applications. Current levels of PA were measured with the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Comparisons of PA levels based on mild vs moderate vs vigorous activity. 25 completed surveys, most of whom were female (67%) and identified as non-White (68%), with a mean age of 80.8 years, range 67-96. The majority (84%) reported owning smartphones, 8% reported using PA apps, and 8% used wearable activity trackers (WATs). 44% walked at least 10 minutes per day, but only 32% reported attaining moderate PA, and 12% vigorous PA. Average time/day walking 1.1-hour, average time/day moderate activity 0.74 hours. Both younger (age≤80 years) and older (age&gt;80 years) adults were similar in owning Smartphones (85% vs. 83%) and using WATs (8% vs. 8%). Only the younger group used PA apps (15% vs. 0%). The ubiquity of Smartphones especially among such a demographically heterogeneous group suggests this may be a viable tool for increasing PA among a wide range of older adults. Next steps should address low rates of PA app use, intergenerational differences, and the possibility of incorporating socialization with technology.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SELF-REPORTED QUALITY OF LIFE AND SMARTPHONE GPS DATA
Authors: Lee Kyungmi , Azuero Andres , Kumar Sidharth , Puga Frank , Demiris George , Ritchie Christine , Wright Alexi A , Dionne-Odom J Nicholas 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Patients with advanced cancer and their family caregivers often experience poor quality of life. Self-reported measures are commonly used to quantify quality of life of family caregivers but may have limitations such as recall and social desirability bias. Variables derived from passively obtained smartphone GPS data are a novel approach to measuring quality of life that may overcome these limitations, and enable detection of early signs of deteriorating mental and physical health. The purpose of this study was to examine the temporal directionality of the correlations between self-reported quality of life (i.e., PROMIS Global 10: physical and mental health domains) at 3 timepoints and passively acquired smartphone GPS data among 7 family caregivers and 4 advanced cancer patients over a 12-week period. We extracted variables (i.e., total distance, time spent at home, transition time, and number of significant locations) with algorithms applied to the raw GPS sensor data. Uncertainty measures for the correlation estimates were computed as uncorrected 95% Bootstrap confidence intervals. We found a medium-to-large correlation between quality of life and the daily smartphone GPS data averaged by week in certain time periods (e.g., temporal correlations between physical health and transition time for 0–6 weeks; r’s ranging from 0.30 to 0.53). Additionally, we found a medium-to-large correlation between quality of life and within-person variability (standard deviation) in daily smartphone GPS data. Our findings indicate that variation in within- and between-person behavior patterns captured by GPS data may signal potential changes in individuals’ physical and mental health outcomes.
INCLUDING PEOPLE WITH COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT IN HEALTH SERVICES RESEARCH: PROMISING PRACTICES AND LESSONS LEARNED
Authors: Boughrum Alice Prendergast , Fuller Kristi 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Engaging impacted populations, including consumers, in the design of health policies and services is increasingly recognized and prioritized in the United States. However, people with dementia and other forms of cognitive impairment are underrepresented and have often been excluded from health services research. As the number of people worldwide who are living with some form of cognitive impairment is expected to rise dramatically in the coming years, it is critical that researchers across all areas of health services research consider including this population in their work and ensure decisions for exclusion are fully justified. That said, individuals with cognitive impairment constitute a vulnerable population and additional precautions and safeguards are warranted to ensure they are protected throughout and beyond their participation in research studies. The inclusion of people with cognitive impairment also adds complexity to studies, and appropriate research protocols are often challenging to design and implement. This poster will describe two studies conducted by researchers at Georgia State University that included populations with cognitive impairment. The content will cover background about the study populations, which varied in diagnosis and disease progression; methods for recruitment, screening, and consent; and helpful communication strategies to employ throughout the research process. The poster will also share lessons learned and promising practices identified for both studies.
PPA TELE-SAVVY: RESULTS OF AN ONLINE PILOT INTERVENTION WITH CAREGIVERS OF PERSONS WITH PRIMARY PROGRESSIVE APHASIA
Authors: Morhardt Darby , Maley Kathryn , Dowden Lauren , O’Neil Kaitlyn , Dyslin-Kman Deborah , Roberts Angela , Lindauer Allison , Gefen Tamar 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Primary Progressive Aphasia (PPA) results from a neurodegenerative disease such as frontotemporal lobar degeneration or Alzheimer’s disease and is characterized by a progressive loss of specific language functions eventually progressing to widespread cognitive decline consistent with generalized dementia. Most interventions available to dementia caregivers do not match PPA caregiving families’ needs for tailored psychosocial support. This pilot study is an adaptation of Tele-Savvy, an evidence-based online psychoeducation caregiver program. Goals: (1) address communication and other cognitive and behavioral challenges facing informal caregivers of those living with PPA throughout disease progression, and (2) help caregivers achieve competence in their role. Nine spousal caregivers were recruited to a pilot mixed methods study, which included seven 90-minute weekly videoconference sessions, mindfulness exercises and homework assignments. Participants provided feedback throughout the intervention. Pre-post effects were assessed on PPA knowledge, mood, caregiver burden, perceived stress, competence, quality of life and dyadic relationship. A focus group was held 4 weeks post-intervention. Pre-post results revealed a post-intervention trend toward decreased depression and reported relationship strain. Thematic analysis of recorded videos and transcribed weekly sessions, in addition to an evaluation focus group revealed four themes: a) Increasing knowledge of PPA; b) Learning communication and connection strategies; c) Initiating care planning; d) Integrating intellectual and emotional aspects of PPA caregiving. Participants were provided findings for their feedback. This study demonstrated the feasibility of offering an adaptation of the Tele-Savvy intervention for caregivers of persons with PPA. An informed second pilot study will be held in Spring 2023.
PERCEIVED WORK ENVIRONMENT AND OUTCOMES AMONG CARE STAFF IN LONG-TERM CARE SETTINGS DURING COVID-19
Authors: Cho Eunhee , Kim Min Jung , Lee Kyung Hee , Kang Bada , Jang Jiyoon , Shin Jinhee , Eltaybani Sameh , Yamamoto-Mitani Noriko 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has severely affected residents in long-term care (LTC) facilities. However, how care staff in LTC facilities perceive their work environment during the pandemic and its potential impact on their work outcome are less understood. This study examined the associations between perceived work environment, staffing levels, and educational status of care staff and their general and COVID-19 specific work outcomes during the pandemic in LTC facilities. The study employed a cross-sectional, observational, correlational design. A total of 207 care staff were conveniently recruited from 30 LTC facilities in South Korea. The perceived work environment, staffing levels, educational status of care staff, and their work outcomes were collected using questionnaires. Multivariable binary logistic regressions were conducted, controlling for the characteristics of care staff and facilities included. Approximately 45% of the participants were either nurse aids or care workers, and 38% were registered nurses. Nearly half reported that their work environment was poor. Care staff who perceived their work environment to be poor were more likely to be dissatisfied with their work (odds ratio [OR] 15.40), experience high burnout (OR6.93), intend to leave the facility within a year (OR7.83), and experience increased overtime work due to COVID-19 (OR4.03). They were also less likely to perceive an immediate response to COVID-19 from their facility (OR0.45). The LTC work environment should be improved from its current state and government-led initiatives for infection control should be implemented to enable a better response to future public health crises in LTC settings.
RACIAL AND ETHNIC DIFFERENCES HOSPITAL DISCHARGE DISPOSITIONS FOR OLDER ADULTS: A PUBLIC POLICY PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Kang Sunny 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This paper presents two empirical studies regarding racial disparities in older individuals’ hospital discharge. The first study targeting factors associated with older Black patients’ readmission to ambulatory care, examined 7,619 older patients from the 2016 National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey; the second study focused on race and mental disorders’ impact on older patients’ nursing home (NH) admissions upon hospital discharge, analyzing 186,646 older patients from 2007 to 2010 National Hospital Discharge Survey. We mainly used Binary Logistic Regression Analyses (1) to examine the impact of racial disparities in ER readmission within one week to two months’ discharge and (2) to study the racial disparities in NH admissions upon hospital discharge. Based on the studies, policy efforts are called upon to address the specific needs of racial minorities using Medicaid as a primary payment method; as well as for individuals residing in facilities with higher concentrations of Medicaid beneficiaries. Discharge diagnoses such as lower-limb fractures, chronic ulcers, and mental health conditions, especially among Black individuals with mental health conditions increased the odds of NH admission. Other factors such as the Medicare as the primary payer for the hospitalization, being unmarried, and prior residence in a skilled nursing facility are also important predictors for NH admissions. Black individuals appear to increasingly be disproportionately represented in the NH population. This may relate in part to the greater morbidity they experience related to chronic conditions such as diabetes and heart disease, which warrants further investigation as to the reasons for their high presence.
SMART MUSIC INTERVENTION: PROTOCOL DEVELOPMENT OF A WEARABLE DEVICE FOR COLLECTION OF PHYSIOLOGICAL DATA
Authors: Ihara Emily , Pathak Parth , Inoue Megumi , Tompkins Catherine , Hong Y Alicia 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This study tested a protocol of collecting physiological data through sensors on a wearable device in response to favorite music from late adolescence/early adulthood. The benefits of personalized music for individuals living with dementia have been demonstrated in various studies, showing decreases in agitation, anxiety, depression, and other behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia and improvement in mood, memory, and well-being. Most studies have relied on observational data, standardized clinical scales, and self- or caregiver-reported perceptions of the effects of personalized music. Passively-collected physiological data may minimize researcher bias during data interpretation. We tested the protocol on 15 participants, triangulating the physiological, observational, and self-reported effects of personalized music on stress. Physiological measures were captured by a wearable wristband Empatica E4 and included heart rate, electrodermal activity, and temperature. Self-reported measures included the Perceived Stress Scale, level of stress on a 0-10 scale, and reactions to each song (happy, energized, calm, relaxed, nostalgic, sad, excited). Prior to music listening, we induced stress through three iterations of the Trier Mental Challenge Test, which involves three minutes of math exercises. Participants reported their level of stress after the Trier Test and after each song. Researchers observed participant reactions during each song. Preliminary analysis shows that nine minutes of a stress-inducing activity was enough to capture stress reactions and demonstrated a feasible protocol for collecting physiological, observational, and self-report data. These results inform the development of a novel protocol that responds to a person’s stress levels through a personalized music listening intervention.
GENDER-SPECIFIC ASSOCIATION BETWEEN DEPRESSION AND MORTALITY IN KOREAN OLDER ADULTS: A LONGITUDINAL STUDY
Authors: Cho Jungwon , Lee Jae Jun , Cho Eunhee 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Late-life depression has become a significant public health problem because it adversely affects physical health, social function, and quality of life. Therefore, prevention and treatment of depression are necessary. Previous studies have indicated that depression in older adults is associated with mortality. However, research on mortality according to gender differences has not been actively conducted. Thus, this study aims to investigate gender differences between depression and mortality among Korean older adults. The data were collected from the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging (KLoSA), which performed a nationwide aging panel survey for adults aged over 45 years between 2006 and 2020. Out of 10,254 participants, this study included 3,689 participants who were aged 65 or older and assessed depression through CESD-10. The Cox proportional-hazards model was used to calculate Hazard Ratios (HR) for mortality stratified by gender. Of the 1,599 male and 2,090 female older adults, depression was significantly higher in females (16.7%) than in males (8.8%). However, the effect of depression on mortality was significant only in males (male: HR = 1.50, 95% CI = 1.19–1.89; female: HR = 1.10, 95% CI = 0.93–1.31). Depression is more common in females, whereas the effect of depression on mortality was only significant in males. This suggests that health providers need to prevent and care for depression to decrease mortality, especially in males. Further studies are needed to explore the reasons for gender differences between depression and mortality and develop interventions to manage depression in older adults.
IDENTIFYING THE PATTERNS OF CAREGIVING DEMANDS: A LATENT CLASS ANALYSIS APPROACH
Authors: Ko Sung Hyun , Lee Yeonjung , Bierman Alex 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Caregiving demands comprise the care tasks being performed or assistance being provided. Previous studies have assessed the care demands as intensity and types of care provided using various measures such as the number of care tasks provided, the hours of care provided, the number of ADL/IADL they assisted with, and the number of people assisted. However, most caregiving literature has treated caregiving demands as one-dimensional rather than considering the multi-dimensional attributes of care demands. This study examines distinct patterns of caregiving demands, each formed by varied combinations of the hours spent providing care a week, how often care was provided, the location care provided, and whether care was provided as a primary caregiver. Based on the 2022 Caregiving, Aging, and Financial Experiences (CAFE) Study data, the latent class and regression analysis were conducted on a nationally representative sample of Canadian informal caregivers. We identified four distinct patterns of caregiving demands: excessive, moderate, manageable, and minor. Excessive and moderate patterns share the characteristic of providing in-home care as primary caregivers, but the excessive group has higher burden levels than the moderate pattern. Manageable and minor patterns show low levels of burden as secondary caregivers, but the minor group does not provide in-home care. These patterns differ in caregivers’ sociodemographic characteristics (caregiver age, gender, minority, education, living with a partner, working status, and relationship to a recipient). The findings provide the basis for further understanding how the multi-dimensional layers of care demand conjointly shape the patterns of caregiving demands.