bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Testosterone Patch Increases Sexual Activity and Desire in Surgically Menopausal Women with Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder
Authors: Simon James , Braunstein Glenn , Nachtigall Lila , Utian Wulf , Katz Molly , Miller Sam , Waldbaum Arthur , Bouchard Celine , Derzko Christine , Buch Akshay , Rodenberg Cynthia , Lucas Johna , Davis Susan 
Published: September 2005

AbstractContext: Hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD) is one of the most common sexual problems reported by women, but few studies have been conducted to evaluate treatments for this condition.Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a testosterone patch in surgically menopausal women with HSDD.Design: The design was a randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, placebo-controlled, 24-wk study (the Intimate SM 1 study).Setting: The study was performed at private or institutional practices.Patients: The subjects studied were women, aged 26–70 yr, with HSDD after bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy who were receiving concomitant estrogen therapy. Placebo (n = 279) or testosterone 300 μg/d (n = 283) was administered. There were 19 patients who withdrew due to adverse events in the placebo group and 24 in the 300 μg/d testosterone group.Intervention: Testosterone (300 μg/d) or placebo patches were applied twice weekly.Main Outcome Measure(s): The primary end point was the change in the frequency of total satisfying sexual activity at 24 wk. Secondary end points included other sexual functioning end points and safety assessments.Results: At 24 wk, there was an increase from baseline in the frequency of total satisfying sexual activity of 2.10 episodes/4 wk in the testosterone group, which was significantly greater than the change of 0.98 episodes/4 wk in the placebo group (P = 0.0003). The testosterone group also experienced statistically significant improvements in sexual desire and a decrease in distress. The overall safety profile was similar in both treatment groups.Conclusion: In the Intimate SM 1 study, the testosterone patch improved sexual function and decreased distress in surgically menopausal women with HSDD and was well tolerated in this trial.
PTPN11 Mutations Are Associated with Mild Growth Hormone Resistance in Individuals with Noonan Syndrome
Authors: Binder G. , Neuer K. , Ranke M. B. , Wittekindt N. E. 
Published: September 2005

Abstract
Context: Noonan syndrome is frequently associated with an unclear disturbance of GH secretion. Half the individuals with Noonan syndrome carry a heterozygous mutation of the nonreceptor-type protein tyrosine phosphatase, Src homology region 2-domain phosphatase-2 (SHP-2), encoded by PTPN11, which has a role in GH receptor signaling.
Objective: The objective of this study was to compare GH secretion and IGF-I/IGF-binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) levels of the SHP-2 mutation-positive (mut+ group) vs. mutation-negative individuals (mut− group).
Design, Setting, and Patients: All children presenting to us with short stature plus at least three typical anomalies of Noonan syndrome or pulmonic stenosis during the last 5 yr (n = 29; 10 females and 19 males) were recruited. Auxological data, dysmorphic features, and cardiac morphology were documented. Hormone levels were measured by RIA. All coding exons of PTPN11 were sequenced after PCR amplification.
Intervention: A prepubertal subgroup (n = 11) was treated with recombinant human GH (rhGH) to promote growth.
Results: Sequencing yielded 11 different PTPN11 missense mutations in 16 of the 29 patients (55% mut+). Pulmonic stenosis (81 vs. 15%; P = 0.0007) and septal defects (63 vs. 15%; P = 0.02) were more frequently found in the mut+ group, whereas minor anomalies, cryptorchidism, and learning disabilities were as frequent in the mut+ group as in the mut− group. The mut+ group was younger at presentation (mean ± sd, 5.1 ± 2.7 vs. 10.3 ± 5.2 yr; P = 0.002), but not significantly shorter [−3.15 ± 0.92 vs. −3.01 ± 1.35 height sd score (SDS)]. IGF-I levels (−2.03 ± 0.69 vs. −1.13 ± 0.89 SDS; P = 0.005) and IGFBP-3 levels (−0.92 ± 1.26 vs. 0.40 ± 1.08 SDS; P = 0.006) were significantly lower in the mut+ group. In contrast, GH levels showed a tendency to be higher in the mut+ group during spontaneous secretion at night and arginine stimulation (P ≥ 0.075, not significant). The mean change in height SDS after 1 yr of rhGH therapy (0.043 mg/kg·d) was +0.66 ± 0.21 in the mut+ group (n = 8), but +1.26 ± 0.36 in the mut− group (n = 3; P = 0.007).
Conclusions: Our data suggest that SHP-2 mutations in Noonan syndrome cause mild GH resistance by a postreceptor signaling defect, which seems to be partially compensated for by elevated GH secretion. This defect may contribute to the short stature phenotype in children with SHP-2 mutations and their relatively poor response to rhGH.
5-Azacytidine and Decitabine Monotherapies of Myelodysplastic Disorders
Authors: Kuykendall Jim R 
Published: September 2005

OBJECTIVE: To review and differentiate the pharmacology, toxicology, pharmacokinetics, and results of major clinical trials of 5-azacytidine (5-AzaC) and 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (decitabine) therapy of myelodysplastic disorders. DATA SOURCES: A PubMed/MEDLINE search was conducted (1966–October 2004) using the following terms: DNA methylation, myelodysplastic disorders, 5-azacytidine, and 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (decitabine). Additional data sources included bibliographies from identified articles and manufacturer information. STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION: Clinical trials for the treatment of various malignancies by hypomethylating agents were selected from data sources. All published, major clinical trials evaluating 5-AzaC or decitabine in myelodysplastic disorders and transformed myeloid leukemia treatment were included. DATA SYNTHESIS: Myelodysplastic disorders are a group of bone marrow stem cell hyperplasias and dysplasias that result in ineffective hematopoiesis. Myelodysplastic disorders and transformed leukemia have poor prognosis and minimal response to chemotherapy. DNA hypomethylating agents have been shown to improve overall response rates (increased neutrophil, leukocyte, and platelet counts), time to leukemic progression, and quality of life compared with supportive therapy. The incidence of the most common adverse effects (nausea, vomiting, myelosuppression) can be reduced by low-dose, continuous, or extended-interval infusion. CONCLUSIONS: Since appropriate dosing schedules of decitabine are being investigated, comparison of the clinical effectiveness of 5-AzaC and decitabine would be premature at this time. DNA hypomethylating agents show promise as monotherapies of myelodysplastic disorders and transformed leukemia and may be useful as a component of combination chemotherapy of various malignancies.
Successful Treatment of Corynebacterium striatum Endocarditis with Daptomycin plus Rifampin
Authors: Shah Monica , Murillo Jeremias L 
Published: September 2005

OBJECTIVE: To report a case of Corynebacterium striatum endocarditis that was treated successfully with daptomycin plus rifampin following an unsuccessful attempt at vancomycin desensitization and failure of linezolid therapy. CASE SUMMARY: A 46-year-old woman with hemodialysis-dependent chronic renal failure was admitted for a graft-related infection. She presented with C. striatum endocarditis that was treated with daptomycin plus rifampin due to a history of allergies to vancomycin and β-lactam antibiotics and failure of linezolid therapy. The patient received daptomycin and rifampin for a total of 6 weeks. Three months after completion of treatment, no recurrence of endocarditis was evident. DISCUSSION: Daptomycin is a lipopeptide antibiotic, with rapid bactericidal activity. It has demonstrated efficacy in animal models of staphylococcal, streptococcal, and enterococcal endocarditis. Case reports of its activity in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis have also been documented. CONCLUSIONS: Daptomycin, which has shown in vitro activity against C. striatum, may be a viable treatment option for patients with C. striatum endocarditis who are either allergic or refractory to traditional antibiotics.
Differential Amplification of Murine Bipotent Megakaryocytic/Erythroid Progenitor and Precursor Cells During Recovery from Acute and Chronic Erythroid Stress
Authors: Sanchez Massimo , Weissman Irving L. , Pallavicini Maria , Valeri Mauro , Guglielmelli Paola , Vannucchi Alessandro Maria , Migliaccio Giovanni , Migliaccio Anna Rita 
Published: September 2005

Abstract
Two murine bipotent erythroid/megakaryocytic cells, the progenitor (MEP) and precursor (PEM) cells, recently have been identified on the basis of the phenotypes of linnegc-kitposSca-1neg CD16/CD32lowCD34low and TER119pos4A5pos or 2D5pos, respectively. However, the functional relationship between these two subpopulations and their placement in the hemopoietic hierarchy is incompletely understood. We compared the biological properties of these subpopulations in marrow and spleen of mice with and without acute or chronic erythroid stress. MEP cells, but not PEM cells, express c-kit, respond to stem cell factor in vitro, and form spleen colonies in vivo. PEM cells comprise up to 50%–70% of the cells in BFU-E–derived colonies but are not present among the progeny of purified MEP cells cultured under erythroid and megakaryocytic permissive conditions. PEM cells increase 10- to 20-fold under acute and chronic stress, whereas MEP cell increases (21%–84%) are observed only in acutely stressed animals. These data suggest that MEP and PEM cells represent distinct cell populations that may exist in an upstream-downstream differentiation relationship under conditions of stress. Whereas the dynamics of both populations are altered by stress induction, the differential response to acute and chronic stress suggests different regulatory mechanisms. A model describing the relationship between MEP, PEM, and common myeloid progenitor cells is presented.
High‐Throughput Real‐Time Quantitative Reverse Transcription PCR
Authors: Bookout Angie L. , Cummins Carolyn L. , Mangelsdorf David J. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractExtensive detail on the application of the real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (QPCR) for the analysis of gene expression is provided in this unit. The protocols are designed for high‐throughput, 384‐well‐format instruments, such as the Applied Biosystems 7900HT, but may be modified to suit any real‐time PCR instrument. QPCR primer and probe design and validation are discussed, and three relative quantitation methods are described: the standard curve method, the efficiency‐corrected ΔCt method, and the comparative cycle time, or ΔCt method.
Regulation of Transgene Expression Using Tetracycline
Authors: Gulick James , Robbins Jeffrey 
Published: August 2005

AbstractTransgenesis has proven useful in creating animal models that mimic certain disease states, providing a mechanistic approach for understanding the underlying disease mechanisms at the molecular and cellular levels. With traditional transgenics, the gene of interest is cloned behind a promoter that has the desired expression pattern, allowing the gene to be expressed in those tissues at the developmental times that the promoter is active. In order to more precisely control gene expression both in vitro and in vivo, inducible systems that use pharmacologic intervention to control transgene expression have been developed (UNIT 16.14). As previously described, the system consists of two components, an activator that is regulated by tetracycline and a responder that is dependent upon the activator. Both limbs of the system will be discussed in the context of inducible and reversible transgene expression that is cell type– or organ‐specific, with particular attention paid to the cardiovascular system.
Establishment and Culture of Human Skin Fibroblasts
Authors: Villegas Jacob , McPhaul Michael 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe establishment of skin fibroblast strains provides a vehicle by which biochemical and genetic studies may be applied. In addition to providing genetic material to study the basis of disease, fibroblast cell lines established from skin biopsies may provide the investigator with a model in which to study specific disease states or normal physiology. This unit provides methods for the biopsy, establishment, and culture maintenance of skin fibroblasts to be used in further scientific study.
Flow Cytometric Screening for the HLA‐B27 Antigen on Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes
Authors: Levering Wilfried H.B.M. , Sintnicolaas Kees , Wind Henk , Hooijkaas Herbert , Gratama Jan W. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractHLA‐B27 is common to the entire group of seronegative spondyloarthropathies, and assessment of HLA‐B27 is of diagnostic importance if any of these diseases are considered. Among the alternatives to traditional typing by the complement‐dependent cytotoxicity assay, flow cytometric HLA‐B27 screening is most widely used in general diagnostic laboratories, as it is simple, rapid, and cost effective. This unit describes screening for HLA‐B27 on peripheral blood lymphocytes using more than one HLA‐B27 monoclonal antibody to detect possible cross‐reactivity with non‐HLA‐B27 antigens. Screening is hampered by the lack of true monospecific anti‐HLA‐B27 monoclonal antibodies. Cross‐reactivities of anti‐HLA‐B27 with other HLA‐B antigens have been reported. The authors recommend use of GS145.2 and FD705 antibodies, as this combination avoids most false‐positive conclusions. Lyse‐and‐wash sample processing is employed. A multiparameter flow methodology is applied. Three to four parameters–forward scatter, side scatter, HLA‐B27 expression, and, in some cases CD3 or B7 expression–are acquired.
Mixing effects on performance and stability of low‐density polyethylene reactors
Authors: Wells Gary J. , Ray W. Harmon 
Published: August 2005

AbstractImperfect initiator mixing greatly affects the stability and efficiency of low density polyethylene (LDPE) autoclave reactors. A combined simulation technique utilizing compartment models and computational fluid dynamics extends previous work in the literature by providing a physically detailed picture of imperfect mixing. Analysis indicates that the effective volume for chain propagation in the autoclave reactor can expand and contract in a continuous fashion as operating conditions change. As mixing becomes poor, the effective reactive volume decreases, causing a reduction in initiator efficiency, but an expansion in the stable operation region. Examples demonstrate that accurate prediction of the effective reaction volume is crucial for predicting LDPE autoclave reactor behavior. A new mixing model that represents the feed plume by a series of interconnected tanks with geometrically increasing volumes provides a favorable tradeoff between accuracy and model complexity. © 2005 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2005
Users want more sophisticated search assistants: Results of a task‐based evaluation
Authors: Kruschwitz Udo , Al‐Bakour Hala 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe Web provides a massive knowledge source, as do intranets and other electronic document collections. However, much of that knowledge is encoded implicitly and cannot be applied directly without processing into some more appropriate structures. Searching, browsing, question answering, for example, could all benefit from domain‐specific knowledge contained in the documents, and in applications such as simple search we do not actually need very “deep” knowledge structures such as ontologies, but we can get a long way with a model of the domain that consists of term hierarchies. We combine domain knowledge automatically acquired by exploiting the documents' markup structure with knowledge extracted on the fly to assist a user with ad hoc search requests. Such a search system can suggest query modification options derived from the actual data and thus guide a user through the space of documents. This article gives a detailed account of a task‐based evaluation that compares a search system that uses the outlined domain knowledge with a standard search system. We found that users do use the query modification suggestions proposed by the system. The main conclusion we can draw from this evaluation, however, is that users prefer a system that can suggest query modifications over a standard search engine, which simply presents a ranked list of documents. Most interestingly, we observe this user preference despite the fact that the baseline system even performs slightly better under certain criteria.
Comparison of properties on non‐protected fluid room temperature phosphorescence of some tetra‐ring aromatic hydrocarbons
Authors: Zhang Zhong‐Xiao , Li Long‐Di , Wu Ya‐Lan , Liu Jia‐Ming 
Published: August 2005

AbstractA comparative study of the photoluminescence properties of three kinds of tetra‐ring aromatic hydrocarbon (1sodium pyrenesulphonate, benz[α]anthracene and chrysene) solution in the absence of any protecting medium is decribed. It was found that a room temperature phosphorescence signal with different intensities can be induced for these solutions, using only TlNO3 or KI as a heavy atom perturber (HAP) and Na2SO3 as a deoxygenator. An appropriate amount of organic solvent added to the systems of pyrene, benz[α]anthracene and chrysene is necessary for increasing the solubility and phosphorescence intensity, and the preferable solvent is acetonitrile. For the pyrene, pyrenesulphonate and chrysene systems, a delayed excimer fluorescence accompanied with the room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) emission can be observed, but that for benz[α]anthracene cannot. The ratio of delayed excimer fluorescence and phosphorescence signals for pyrene, pyrenesulphonate and chrysene systems can be controlled by adjusting the concentration of luminophor, kinds and amount of both organic solvents and HAP. Under the optimal conditions, the RTP signals are proportional to the concentration of the four aromatic hydrocarbons, which means that the RTP properties of the four tetra‐ring aromatic hydrocarbons can be used for quantitative analysis. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rapid screening method for simultaneous determination of four polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in water samples by derivative non‐linear variable‐angle synchronous fluorescence spectrometry
Authors: Lin Dan‐Li , Zou Zhe‐Xiang , He Li‐Fang , Li Yao‐Qun 
Published: August 2005

AbstractDerivative non‐linear variable‐angle synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy (D‐NLVASFS) has been developed to improve the selectivity of the fluorescence measurement without loss of sensitivity. We report a simple screening approach for the rapid and simultaneous determination of 1,2.5,6‐dibenzoanthracene (DBA), 2,3‐benzofluorene (BF), pyrene (Pyr) and 3,4‐benzopyrene (BaP) in a mixture by using first‐derivative NLVASFS. The method is efficient, fast and straightforward, and the measurement was simply based on a single spectrum via a single spectral scanning of a sample. The linear ranges 0.005–0.30, 0.02–0.30, 0.02–0.40 and 0.005–1.0 µg/mL and the detection limits 0.08, 1.14, 1.64 and 0.12 ng/mL are obtained for DBA, BF, Pyr and BaP, respectively. The method was applied to water samples spiked with the four polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), with mean recoveries of 103.0% (SD 5.9%) for DBA, 96.4% (SD 4.2%) for BF, 96.2% (SD 4.0%) for Pyr and 98.2% (SD 3.0%) for BaP. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Post‐chemiluminescence behaviour of Ni2+, Mg2+, Cd2+ and Zn2+ in the potassium ferricyanide–luminol reaction
Authors: Feng Na , Lu Jiuru , He Yunhua , Du Jianxiu 
Published: August 2005

AbstractA new chemiluminescence (CL) reaction was observed when Ni2+, Mg2+, Cd2+ or Zn2+ was injected into the reaction mixture after the finish of the CL reaction of alkaline luminol and potassium ferricyanide. This reaction is described as a post‐chemiluminescence (PCL) reaction. The possible mechanism for the PCL was proposed based on studies of the CL kinetic characteristic and the CL spectra. The experimental conditions of the CL reactions were optimized and the feasibility of using the reaction to analyse these metal ions was evaluated. The PCL reaction method operates in the ranges: 1 × 10−7–8 × 10−6 g/L Ni2+; 3 × 10−6–2 × 10−4 g/L Mg2+; 8 × 10−7–1 × 10−4 g/L Cd2+; and 2 × 10−4–2 × 10−3 g/L Zn2+, with detection limits of 4 × 10−8 g/mL, 1 × 10−6 g/mL, 3 × 10−7 g/mL, 8 × 10−5 g/mL, respectively. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Flow‐injection electrogenerated chemiluminescence determination of fluoroquinolones based on its sensitizing effect
Authors: Ma Hongyan , Zheng Xingwang , Zhang Zhujun 
Published: August 2005

AbstractA simple and sensitive flow‐injection electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) method for the determination of fluoroquinolones was developed. The method is based on the sensitizing effect of fluoroquinolones on the weak ECL signal of electrochemical oxidation of luminol on the surface of the platinum flake electrode in the medium of 0.1 mol/L Na2CO3–NaHCO3. At the optimum experimental conditions, the relative ECL intensity increased linearly with increasing fluoroquinolones concentration, in the ranges 1.0 × 10−8–2.0 × 10−4 g/mL for norfloxacin, 5.0 × 10−9–6.0 × 10−6 g/mL for oxfloxacin, 2.0 × 10−8–1.4 × 10−5 g/mL for ciprofloxacin, 1.0 × 10−8–1.4 × 10−5 g/mL for pefloxacin, and 1.0 × 10−9–1.0 × 10−5 g/mL for enoxacin, with detection limits of 4.0 × 10−9 g/mL, 2.0 × 10−9 g/mL, 1.0 × 10−8 g/mL, 8.0 × 10−9 g/mL, and 8.0 × 10−10 g/mL, respectively. The relative standard deviations were all less than 2.5% for the determination of 2.0 × 10−6 g/mL fluoroquinolones (n = 11). The method was used to determine these medicines in pharmaceutical samples with satisfactory results. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Flow‐injection–chemiluminescence method for the determination of penicillin G potassium
Authors: Cao Wei , Yang Jing‐He , Sun Chang‐Xia , Zhang Zhi‐Juang , Gao Qing‐Fei 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe degradation product of penicillin G potassium can react with potassium permanganate in acidic medium and produce chemiluminescence, which is greatly enhanced by formaldehyde. The optimum conditions for this chemiluminescent reaction were studied in detail using a flow‐injection system. The experiments indicated that under optimum conditions, the chemiluminescence intensity was linearly related to the concentration of penicillin G potassium within the range 1.0 × 10−7–1.0 × 10−5 g/mL, with a detection limit (3σ) of 7 × 10−8 g/mL. The relative standard deviation was 1.0% for 4.0 × 10−7 g/mL penicillin G potassium solution (n = 11). This method has the advantages of simple operation, fast response and high sensitivity. The method was successfully applied to the analysis of penicillin G potassium in raw medicines. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Studies on fluorescence resonance energy transfer between dyes and water‐soluble quantum dots
Authors: Chen Qidan , Ma Qiang , Wan Yi , Su Xingguang , Lin Zhangbi , Jin Qinhan 
Published: August 2005

AbstractIn this work, donor–acceptor complexes were formed based on antibody–antigen interactions. Immunoglobulin antigen (mouse‐IgG) was effectively conjugated to mercaptopropyl acid‐modified CdTe quantum dot synthesized in aqueous solution via electrostatic interaction, while organic dyes–tetramethylrhodamine isothiocyanate (TRITC) were attached to the corresponding antibody (anti‐mouse IgG). The mutual affinity of the antigen and antibody brought the CdTe quantum dot and TRITC sufficiently close together to allow the resonance dipole–dipole coupling required for fluorescence resonance energy transfer to occur. The formation of immunocomplexes resulted in fluorescence resonance energy transfer from the CdTe quantum dot donors to the TRITC acceptors. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.