bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Classical vibrational modes in phononic lattices: theory and experiment
Authors: Sigalas Mihail , Kushwaha Manvir S. , Economou Eleftherios N. , Kafesaki Maria , Psarobas Ioannis E. , Steurer Walter 
Published: August 2005

Abstract
We present a review, through selected illustrative examples, of the physics of classical vibrational modes in phononic lattices, which elaborates on the theory, the formalism, the methods, and mainly on the numerical and experimental results related to phononic crystals. Most of the topics addressed here, are written in a self-consistent way and they can be read as independent individual parts.
Large enhancement of phononic gap in periodic and quasiperiodic elastic composites by using air inclusions
Authors: Lai Yun , Zhang Zhao-Qing 
Published: August 2005

Abstract
We find that a phononic gap in a periodic or quasiperiodic elastic composite can be significantly enhanced by inserting air inclusions into the systems. The positions of the insertion are chosen to suppress the shear potential energy of the acoustical branches and lower their frequencies. This is demonstrated in two dimensions. Gap positions and sizes as functions of the radii of the air cylinders for systems of aluminum cylinders in epoxy and steel cylinders in epoxy are presented for both triangular and 12-fold quasiperiodic lattices.
Specificity and promiscuity of gonadotropin receptors
Authors: Costagliola Sabine , Urizar Eneko , Mendive Fernando , Vassart Gilbert 
Published: August 2005

The dichotomy between hormone recognition by the ectodomain and activation of the G protein by the rhodopsin-like serpentine portion is a well established property of glycoprotein hormone receptors. The specificity barrier avoiding promiscuous activation of the FSH receptor by the high concentration of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) prevailing during human pregnancy was thus believed to lie in the ectodomain. In the past two years, mutations responsible for rare spontaneous cases of ovarian hyperstimulation syndromes have partially modified this simple view. Five naturally occurring mutations have been identified which cause an increase in the sensitivity of the FSH receptor to hCG. Surprisingly, these mutations are all located in the serpentine portion of the receptor. In addition to their effect on sensitivity to hCG, they increase sensitivity of the FSH receptor to TSH, and are responsible for activating the receptor constitutively. Together, the available information indicates that the ectodomain and the serpentine domain of the FSH receptor each contribute to the specificity barrier preventing its spurious activation by hCG. While the former is responsible for establishment of binding specificity, the latter introduces a novel notion of functional specificity.Recent data demonstrate that LH and FSH receptors can constitute functional homo- and heterodimers. This suggests the possibility that in cells co-expressing the two receptors, such as granulosa cells, the heterodimers might be endowed with functional characteristics different from those of each homodimer.
Job Safety and Health Law
Authors: Harris Robert J. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe principal legislation relating to job safety and health is the federal Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 (OSHA). However, certain industries and/or portions of industries are subject to regulation by federal statutes other than OSHA. In addition, OSHA does not entirely preclude regulation of job safety and health by the states or their political subdivisions. Nevertheless, OSHA is clearly the most comprehensive legislative directive relating to workplace safety and health; accordingly, this chapter and the next focus primarily on developments and requirements pursuant to this act.
Ecogenetics: The Study of Gene–Environment Interactions
Authors: Nebert Daniel W. , Roe Amy L. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractWhat is “an environmental disease?” Why are some individuals and some families affected more easily than others? Indeed, even within families, why are some members affected whereas others are not? When taking the same dose of a prescribed medication, why do some patients—but not others—experience side effects? Why do only 7 out of every 100 cigarette smokers die of lung cancer? The answer to each of these questions involvesinterindividual genetic variationandthe environment.We begin this chapter with brief descriptions of the reasons for environmental illnesses. Next, genetic terminology and a definition of “susceptibility genes” are covered—followed by our current understanding of the drug‐metabolizing enzymes (DMEs) and the receptors that regulate DME genes. Subsequently, we provide a number of examples and brief summaries of the present‐day knowledge of many of these polymorphisms. Last, we speculate as to why these human polymorphisms might exist in the first place. Many of the references cited include reviews in which the reader will find numerous additional studies cited and details described.
Bilateral asymmetry in the limb bones of the chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes)
Authors: Sarringhaus L.A. , Stock J.T. , Marchant L.F. , McGrew W.C. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThere is much debate in behavioral primatology on the existence of population‐level handedness in chimpanzees. The presence or absence of functional laterality in great apes may shed light on the origins of human handedness and on the evolution of cerebral asymmetry. The plasticity of long bone diaphyses in response to mechanical loading allows the functional interpretation of differences in cross‐sectional geometric. While left‐right asymmetry in upper limb diaphyseal morphology is a known property in human populations, it remains relatively unexplored in apes. We studied bilateral asymmetry in 64 skeletons of wild‐caught chimpanzee using the humerus, second metacarpal, and femur. The total subperiosteal area (TA) of the diaphyses was measured at 40% of maximum humeral length and at the midshaft of the metacarpals and femora using external silicone molds. Overall, the TA values of the left humeri were significantly greater than the right, indicating directional asymmetry. This effect was even greater when the magnitude of difference in TA between each pair of humeri was compared. The right second metacarpals showed a tendency toward greater area than did the left, but this did not reach statistical significance. The lack of asymmetry in the femur serves as a lower limb control, and suggests that the upper limb results are not a product of fluctuating asymmetry. These findings imply behavioral laterality in upper limb function in chimpanzees, and suggest a complementary relationship between precision and power. Am J Phys Anthropol 2005., © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Empirical preprocessing methods and their impact on NIR calibrations: a simulation study
Authors: Thennadil S. N. , Martin E. B. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe extraction of chemical information from dense particulate suspensions, such as industrial slurries and biological suspensions, using near‐infrared (NIR) spectroscopic measurements is complicated by sample‐to‐sample path length variations due to light scattering. Empirical preprocessing techniques such as multiplicative scatter correction (MSC), extended MSC and derivatives have been applied to remove these effects and in some cases have shown promise. While the performance of these techniques and other related approaches is known to depend on the nature and extent of the variations and on the measurement configuration, detailed investigations into the efficacy of these approaches under various conditions have not been previously undertaken. The main obstacle to carrying out such investigations has been the lack of, and the difficulty in obtaining, an accurate and comprehensive experimental data set. In this work, simulations that generate ‘actual’ measurements were carried out to obtain ‘experimental’ spectroscopic data on particulate systems. This was achieved by solving the exact transport equation for light propagation. A model system comprising four chemical components with one consisting of spherical submicron particles was considered. Total diffuse transmittance and reflectance data generated through simulations for moderate particle concentrations were used as the basis for examining the effect of particle size variations and measurement configurations on the efficacy of a number of preprocessing techniques in enhancing the performance of partial least squares (PLS) models for predicting the concentration of one of the non‐scattering chemical species. Additionally, a form of extended multiplicative signal correction based on considerations arising from fundamental light scattering theory is proposed and found to perform better than the other techniques for the cases considered in the study. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
MCT‐4, A511/basigin and EF5 expression patterns during early chick cardiomyogenesis indicate cardiac cell differentiation occurs in a hypoxic environment
Authors: Han Mingda , Trotta Patrizia , Coleman Carl , Linask Kersti K. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractWe have identified the presence of the hypoxia marker EF5 in the stage 4/5 chick heart fields. This suggests that cardiac cell differentiation occurs in a relatively anaerobic environment. Monocarboxylate transporter (MCT) studies in adult cardiac myocytes have demonstrated that MCTs catalyze proton‐linked pyruvate and lactate transport activity. 5A11/Basigin is an ancillary protein that targets MCTs to the plasma membrane for their function. MCT‐4 expression is most evident in cells with a high glycolytic rate associated with hypoxic energy production. Subsequent to the immunohistochemical localization of EF5 in the early heart field, we continued in our analysis during stages 5 to 12 for the expression of indicators of cellular glycolytic metabolism in the developing heart, such as MCT‐4, MCT‐1, and 5A11 (Basigin/CD147). Our observations indicate that MCT‐4 and 5A11/Basigin are expressed early, in a differential left‐right pattern, in the bi‐lateral plate mesoderm, as the cardiac compartment is forming. At stage 11, MCT‐4/5A11 continues to be highly expressed in the myocardial wall of the looping heart, but not in the dorsal mesocardium. RT‐PCR analyses for MCT‐1, ‐4, and 5A11 indicate that MCT‐4 and 5A11 are expressed throughout precardiac, embryonic, and fetal stages in the heart. MCT‐1 is first detected in the heart on embryonic day 3 and then remains expressed throughout development to hatching. These results indicate that cardiac precursor cells are equipped for differentiating in a hypoxic environment using anaerobic metabolism for energy production. Developmental Dynamics 235:124–131, 2006. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Indoloquinolines, Indolobenzoxazines and Quinazolophthalazines Prepared from Norbornane/eneamino Acids and Hydrazides
Authors: Stájer Géza , Szabó Angela E. , Túrós György , Sohár Pál , Sillanpää Reijo 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe reactions of di‐endo‐ and di‐exo‐aminonorbornane/enecarboxylic acids 1–4 with ethyl 2‐(2‐oxocyclohexyl)acetate afforded methanoindoloquinolines 5, 6, 8, and 9, the oxo ester participating as a two‐membered sp2 building block. In the cases of di‐exo‐ and di‐endo‐aminonorbornenecarboxylic acids 2 and 4, methanoindolobenzoxazinediones 7 and 10 were also formed; compound 7 was also isolated from the mother liquor of 10. The reactions of ethyl 2‐(2‐oxocyclohexyl)acetate with aminonorbornane/enecarbohydrazides 11–14 result in the methanoquinazolophthalazines 15–18. The structures of the compounds were elucidated by NMR spectroscopy, and for 6, 7, 8, and 10 also by X‐ray crystallography. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Deletion at chromosome band 20p12.1 in colorectal cancer revealed by high resolution array comparative genomic hybridization
Authors: Davison Eleanor J. , Tarpey Patrick S. , Fiegler Heike , Tomlinson Ian P. M. , Carter Nigel P. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractArray comparative genomic hybridization (Array CGH) with tiling path resolution for a ∼4.61 Mb region of chromosome band 20p12.1 has been used to investigate copy number loss in 48 colorectal cancer cell lines and 37 primary colorectal cancers. A recurrent deletion was detected in 55% of cell lines and 23% of primary cancers and the consensus minimum region of loss was identified as a ∼190kb section from 14.85 Mb to 15.04 Mb of chromosome 20. Two noncoding RNA genes located in the region, BA318C17.1 and DJ974N19.1, were investigated by mutation analysis and real‐time PCR in colorectal cancer cell lines. Sequence changes in BA318C17.1 and reduced expression of both genes was detected, suggesting that the abrogation of these genes may play a role in colorectal tumorigenesis. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A multimodal fusion system for people detection and tracking
Authors: Yang Mau‐Tsuen , Wang Shih‐Chun , Lin Yong‐Yuan 
Published: August 2005

AbstractBecause a people detection system that considers only a single feature tends to be unstable, many people detection systems have been proposed to extract multiple features simultaneously. These detection systems usually integrate features using a heuristic method based on the designers' observations and induction. Whenever the number of features to be considered is changed, the designer must change and adjust the integration mechanism accordingly. To avoid this tedious process, we propose a multimodal fusion system that can detect and track people in a scalable, accurate, robust, and flexible manner. Each module considers a single feature and all modules operate independently at the same time. A depth module is constructed to detect people based on the depth‐from‐stereo method, and a novel approach is proposed to extract people by analyzing the vertical projection in each layer. A color module that detects the human face, and a motion module that detects human movement are also developed. The outputs from these individual modules are fused together and tracked over time, using a Kalman filter. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 15, 131–142, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ima.20046
Myostatin negatively regulates the expression of the steroid receptor co‐factor ARA70
Authors: Siriett Victoria , Nicholas Gina , Berry Carole , Watson Trevor , Hennebry Alex , Thomas Mark , Ling Nicholas , Sharma Mridula , Kambadur Ravi 
Published: August 2005

AbstractMyostatin is a transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β) superfamily member and a key negative regulator of embryonic and postnatal muscle growth. In order to identify downstream target genes regulated by Myostatin, we performed suppressive subtraction hybridization (SSH) on cDNA generated from the biceps femoris muscle of wild‐type and myostatin‐null mice. Sequence analysis identified several known and unknown genes as Myostatin downstream target genes. Here, we have investigated the regulation of gene expression of an androgen receptor (AR) binding co‐factor, androgen receptor associated protein‐70 (ARA70), by Myostatin. We show that in mouse there are two isoforms of ARA70 with high homology (79%) to human ARA70; an α‐isoform which is a canonical ARA70 and a β‐isoform which has a 9 consecutive amino acid deletion and 6 amino acid substitutions in the carboxyl‐terminal portion. Reverse Northern analysis on the differentially expressed cDNA library indicated that there is increased expression of ARA70 in the muscles of myostatin‐null mice. In addition, Northern blot, together with semi‐quantitative PCR analysis, confirmed that there is increased expression of ARA70 in myostatin‐null biceps femoris muscle when compared to wild‐type muscle. In corroboration of these results, addition of exogenous Myostatin results in down‐regulation of ARA70 expression confirming that Myostatin is a negative regulator of ARA70 gene expression. Expression analysis further confirmed that ARA70 is up‐regulated during myogenesis and that peak expression of ARA70 is observed following the peak expression of MyoD in differentiating myoblasts. Given that lack of Myostatin and increased expression of AR leads to hypertrophy, we propose that absence of Myostatin, at least in part, induces the hypertrophy phenotype by increasing the activity of AR by up‐regulating the expression of ARA70, a known stimulating co‐factor of AR. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Leptin and cancer
Authors: Garofalo Cecilia , Surmacz Eva 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe prevalence of obesity has markedly increased over the past two decades, especially in the industrialized countries. While the impact of excess body weight on the development of cardiac disease and diabetes has been well documented, the link between obesity and carcinogenesis is just being recognized. This review will focus on the link between leptin, a cytokine that is elevated in obese individuals, and cancer development. First, we briefly discuss the biological functions of leptin and its signaling pathways. Then, we summarize the effects of leptin on different cancer types in experimental cellular and animal models. Next, we analyze epidemiological data on the relationship between obesity and the presence of cancer or cancer risk in patients. Finally, leptin as a target for cancer treatment and prevention will be discussed. J. Cell. Physiol. 207: 12–22, 2006. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Role of cyclic‐AMP responsive element binding (CREB) proteins in cell proliferation in a rat model of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Kovach Stephen J. , Price Julie A. , Shaw Carolyn M. , Theodorakis Nicholas G. , McKillop Iain H. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe role of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) is poorly understood in the regulation of normal and abnormal hepatic cell growth. In this study, we examined the regulation of intracellular cAMP levels and its effect on nuclear cAMP responsive elements (CREs) in a rat model of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Tumorigenic liver cells were cultured from an in vivo model of HCC and the role of cAMP in cell mitogenesis determined. These data demonstrated agents that elevate intracellular cAMP ([cAMP]i) levels caused significant dose‐dependent inhibition of serum‐stimulated mitogenesis in HCC cells. Cells were next analyzed for transcription factor expression and activity following increased [cAMP]i. These data demonstrated time‐ and dose‐dependent increases in CRE binding protein (pCREB) activity, a maximal response occurring after 10–20 min before returning to basal levels within 60 min. In contrast, increased [cAMP]i levels led to sustained inducible cAMP early repressor (ICER) II/IIγ mRNA and protein induction. To understand these data in relation to the in vivo setting, HCC tumors were analyzed and compared to pair‐matched normal liver (NL) samples. These studies demonstrated significantly elevated Gsα‐protein expression in HCC versus NL in the absence of significant changes in basal cAMP levels. Analysis of total and active CREB demonstrated significantly increased total CREB/pCREB in HCC versus NL. Further analysis of CRE expression demonstrated significantly increased expression of ICER mRNA and protein in HCC versus sham operated (Sh). These data demonstrate cAMP, while capable of stimulating promitogenic CREB activation inhibits cell mitogenesis in HCC possibly via ICER induction. J. Cell. Physiol. 206: 411–419, 2006. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
p53 and the malignant progression of Barrett's esophagus
Authors: Merola Elettra , Claudio Pier Paolo , Giordano Antonio 
Published: August 2005

AbstractBarrett's esophagus (BE) is a metaplastic disorder in which specialized columnar epithelium replaces healthy squamous epithelium (intestinal metaplasia). Even though its pathophysiology and the steps of its neoplastic progression are not completely understood, BE can be considered as a complication of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Given that esophageal adenocarcinoma, which is continually increasing in the Western world, still has a poor prognosis and suffers from late diagnosis, and because BE is a precancerous lesion, there is a strong need for good molecular markers of malignant progression in Barrett's metaplasia (BM). The aim of this review is to examine the published data regarding the role that assessment of p53 may play in the management of BE, trying to understand if it may be a useful marker to early diagnose BE malignant transformation. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Survival after recurrence of osteosarcoma: A 20‐year experience at a single institution
Authors: Crompton Brian D. , Goldsby Robert E. , Weinberg Vivian K. , Feren Robert , O'Donnell Richard J. , Ablin Arthur R. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractBackgroundApproximately one‐third of patients with osteosarcoma who have a complete response to their initial treatment can be expected to relapse. It is important to define what host, tumor, or treatment characteristics determine outcome after relapse. We present findings in 59 patients treated at our institution from 1974 to 1996 who have relapsed one or more times after their initial response.MethodsHost and tumor characteristics at diagnosis and relapse, therapeutic interventions and survival outcomes were determined from examination of medical records and a follow‐up questionnaire.ResultsOf the 59 patients, 37 initially presented with localized disease of the extremity, 11 with localized non‐extremity disease, and 11 with metastatic disease. This report focuses on those with localized disease of the extremity. For these patients, median time from original diagnosis to first recurrence was 14 months. Median survival after first recurrence was 31 months. The median post initial relapse survival was the same for patients whose first relapse occurred before or after 14 months from original diagnosis. Seventeen of 29 patients with systemic metastasis at first recurrence had complete removal of their disease and had a median post‐op survival of 2.5 years, while the remaining 12 patients with no surgery, had a median survival of 2 years. Of the 37 patients who presented with primary disease only in the extremities and relapsed: 31 died (2 more than 6 years from first recurrence) and 6 are alive from 6 to 24 years from first recurrence (5 without disease and 1 with disease). Three of the five disease‐free survivors had three or more relapses.ConclusionWith a long follow‐up time, we found 15% of patients with relapsed osteosarcoma who originally presented with localized disease in the extremity are alive with no evidence of disease at 10 years from first recurrence (Kaplan–Meier estimate). Even patients with multiple relapses may have long‐term disease‐free survival after salvage therapy. Chemotherapy and time to first recurrence were unrelated to survival after relapse in this study. Complete surgical removal of metastatic disease may be important for long‐term survival. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2006;47:255–259. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome in children undergoing induction therapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Norman Jennifer K. , Parke Julie T. , Wilson Don A. , McNall‐Knapp René Y. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractWe present three cases of children with acute neurologic changes while undergoing induction chemotherapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). These cases fall into the spectrum of reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome (RPLS), including abrupt alterations in mental status, headache, seizures, visual changes, hypertension, and characteristic findings on magnetic resonance imaging. Although the underlying mechanism of RPLS is still under investigation, the appropriate treatment and management of the acute event is becoming clearer. Early treatment of hypertension, control of seizure activity, and withdrawal of inciting agents can lead to rapid reversal of symptoms and return to baseline functioning. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2007;49:198–203. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.