bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distinct, direct and climate‐mediated environmental controls on global particulate and mineral‐associated organic carbon storage
Authors: Hansen Paige M. , Even Rebecca , King Alison E. , Lavallee Jocelyn , Schipanski Meagan , Cotrufo M. Francesca 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIdentifying controls on soil organic carbon (SOC) storage, and where SOC is most vulnerable to loss, are essential to managing soils for both climate change mitigation and global food security. However, we currently lack a comprehensive understanding of the global drivers of SOC storage, especially with regards to particulate (POC) and mineral‐associated organic carbon (MAOC). To better understand hierarchical controls on POC and MAOC, we applied path analyses to SOC fractions, climate (i.e., mean annual temperature [MAT] and mean annual precipitation minus potential evapotranspiration [MAP‐PET]), carbon (C) input (i.e., net primary production [NPP]), and soil property data synthesized from 72 published studies, along with data we generated from the National Ecological Observatory Network soil pits (n = 901 total observations). To assess the utility of investigating POC and MAOC separately in understanding SOC storage controls, we then compared these results with another path analysis predicting bulk SOC storage. We found that POC storage is negatively related to MAT and soil pH, while MAOC storage is positively related to NPP and MAP‐PET, but negatively related to soil % sand. Our path analysis predicting bulk SOC revealed similar trends but explained less variation in C storage than our POC and MAOC analyses. Given that temperature and pH impose constraints on microbial decomposition, this indicates that POC is primarily controlled by SOC loss processes. In contrast, strong relationships with variables related to plant productivity constraints, moisture, and mineral surface availability for sorption indicate that MAOC is primarily controlled by climate‐driven variations in C inputs to the soil, as well as C stabilization mechanisms. Altogether, these results demonstrate that global POC and MAOC storage are controlled by separate environmental variables, further justifying the need to quantify and model these C fractions separately to assess and forecast the responses of SOC storage to global change.
Photosynthetic H2 production: Lessons from the regulation of electron transfer in microalgae
Authors: Wei Lanzhen , Ma Weimin 
Published: December 2023

AbstractGreen hydrogen, produced during microalgal photosynthesis, is regarded as one of the most promising sustainable energy sources. It utilizes sunlight and water, which are essentially unlimited, and its combustion results in only water as a waste product. In microalgal hydrogen energy production systems, the sensitivity of hydrogenase to O2 poses a significant challenge, limiting sustained photosynthetic H2 production in microalgae. Additionally, efficient photosynthetic H2 production in anaerobic microalgal cells is hindered by impaired electron source (photosystem II) and electron loss through the Calvin‐Benson cycle, cyclic electron transfer around photosystem I, and O2 photoreduction, which are identified as the other key challenges. Over the past eight decades, considerable progress has been made in addressing these challenges and regulating electron transfer to achieve sustainable and efficient photosynthetic H2 production in microalgae. In this review, we discuss a range of regulatory methods for achieving sustainable and efficient photosynthetic H2 production in microalgae. Emphasizing the significant progress made over the past eight decades, we also address current challenges and propose potential future solutions.
Temporal and spatial evolution of the coupling and coordination between tourism and rural development: A case study of 33 counties in southern Xinjiang
Authors: Wang Mimi , Cao Kaijun 
Published: December 2023

AbstractTourism plays an important role in promoting rural transformation and development globally. Based on the logical relationship between tourism and rural development, this study constructs a tourism and rural development index using two models. The projection pursuit model is used to analyse the temporal and spatial evolution characteristics of the level of tourism and rural development, while the coupling coordination degree model measures the relationship in the counties of four southern Xinjiang prefectures from 2010 to 2019. A panel regression model is used to analyse the influencing factors of the coupling coordination relationship between them. The results show the following: (1) The level of tourism and rural development fluctuates and increases in time, and both demonstrate high‐level agglomeration in some counties (cities) in the northeast and southwest of the four prefectures, spatially. (2) During the study period, the level of tourism and rural development changed from ‘high coupling and serious imbalance’ to ‘high coupling and barely coordinated’. Spatially, the degree of coupling is similar to the high‐value region of the coupling coordination degree. Over time, the spatial heterogeneity of the coupling degree decreases and the spatial heterogeneity of the coupling coordination degree increases. (3) The main influencing factors for the coordinated development of tourism and rural areas are tourism resource endowment, tourist density index, rural employees, rural per capita disposable income, and tourism contribution rate.
The psychosocial impact of haemophilia from patients’ and caregivers’ point of view: The results of an Italian survey
Authors: Fornari Arianna , Antonazzo Ippazio Cosimo , Rocino Angiola , Preti Daniele , Fragomeno Anna , Cucuzza Francesco , Ceresi Nicola , Santoro Cristina , Ferretti Antonietta , Facchetti Rita , Cozzolino Paolo , Biasoli Chiara , Cassone Cristina , Coppola Antonio , Cortesi Paolo Angelo , Mantovani Lorenzo Giovanni 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroudA huge amount of data about psychosocial issues of people with haemophilia (PwH) are available; however, these materials are fragmentary and largely outdated, failing to reflect the impact of current treatment strategies.AimDescribing the influence of illness on psychosocial aspects of adult PwH (≥18 years) and caregivers of children with haemophilia (CPwH) without inhibitors, in Italy.MethodsSurveys (for adult PwH, CPwH and haemophilia specialists) were developed by a multidisciplinary working group and conducted from November 2019 to June 2020.ResultsA total of 120 PwH without inhibitors and 79 CPwH completed the survey. Adult patients reported a significant impairment in many psychosocial aspects, including working activities, relations with family members and social relations. Caregivers generally reported better scores in all aspects of the survey. Mobility, Pain and Mental health domains of EQ‐5D were the most frequently impaired in both patients and caregivers, reducing the perceived quality of life. Genetic counselling was an important issue, 53% of CPwH declaring unawareness of their carrier status, as well as the psychological support offered by the reference center, 67.0% of respondents reporting that no psychological support was provided at the time of diagnosis communication.ConclusionThis study provides information about PwH's and CPwH's point of view in the current scenario of continuous innovations in haemophilia treatment and management furthermore, updated insights on psychosocial problems faced by patients and caregivers are reported.
New concept in fatty liver diseases
Authors: Tokushige Katsutoshi 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn 2023, the nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) Nomenclature Consensus group proposed a new name and concept for NAFLD/nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. The Japanese Society of Gastroenterology and the Japanese Society of Hepatology have accepted these new names and concepts. It was reported that the terms “nonalcoholic” and “fatty” are misleading and inappropriate, because NAFLD does not reflect the etiology. Thus, appropriate disease names are discussed, and new concepts are published. First, the concept of steatotic liver disease (SLD) was proposed to encompass fatty liver diseases of various etiologies, which are classified into five categories. The diagnostic criteria for metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) included fatty liver with at least one of the five cardiometabolic risk factors (body mass index or waist diameter, blood glucose or glycated hemoglobin, blood pressure, triglycerides, and high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol) and the same restriction of alcohol consumption as NAFLD. A new fatty liver category was described, MetALD, to represent the intermediate drinker group (patients with MASLD with high weekly alcohol intake [140–350 g/week in women and 210–420 g/week in men]). The other five categories are alcohol‐associated liver disease, fatty liver with an identifiable specific cause, and other fatty livers of unknown cause. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis is an important pathological concept (metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatohepatitis); however, its definition, including hepatocellular balloon‐like degeneration, needs to be reassessed. In Japan, we should use these names and criteria to manage SLD, including hepatocellular carcinoma, which is markedly increasing.
Asian participants' experience in phase 3/3b studies of long‐acting cabotegravir and rilpivirine: Efficacy, safety, pharmacokinetic, and virological outcomes through week 96
Authors: Oka Shinichi , Holohan Vicki , Shirasaka Takuma , Choi Jun Yong , Kim Yeon‐Sook , Chamay Nadine , Patel Parul , Polli Joseph W. , Ford Susan L. , Crauwels Herta , Garside Louise , D'Amico Ronald , Latham Christine , van Solingen‐Ristea Rodica , Baugh Bryan , van Wyk Jean 
Published: December 2023

AbstractObjectivesCabotegravir + rilpivirine (CAB + RPV) dosed monthly or every 2 months is the first complete long‐acting (LA) regimen recommended by treatment guidelines for the maintenance of HIV‐1 virological suppression. This post hoc analysis summarizes outcomes for Asian participants through week 96.MethodsData from Asian participants naive to CAB + RPV randomized to receive dosing every 4 weeks (Q4W) or every 8 weeks (Q8W) in the FLAIR (NCT02938520) and ATLAS‐2M (NCT03299049) phase 3/3b studies were pooled. The proportion of participants with plasma HIV‐1 RNA ≥50 and <50 copies/mL (per FDA Snapshot algorithm), incidence of confirmed virological failure (CVF; two consecutive HIV‐1 RNA ≥200 copies/mL), pharmacokinetics, safety, and tolerability through week 96 were assessed.ResultsOverall, 41 Asian participants received CAB + RPV (Q8W, n = 17; Q4W, n = 24). At week 96, 83% (n = 34/41) of participants maintained HIV‐1 RNA <50 copies/mL, none had HIV‐1 RNA ≥50 copies/mL, and 17% (n = 7/41) had no virological data. No Asian participant met the CVF criterion. Drug‐related adverse events occurred in 44% (n = 18/41) of participants; none were Grade ≥3. All injection site reactions were Grade 1 or 2; median duration was 2 days and most resolved within 7 days (90%, n = 390/435). CAB and RPV trough concentrations remained well above their respective protein‐adjusted 90% inhibitory concentrations (CAB, 0.166 μg/mL; RPV, 12 ng/mL) through week 96.ConclusionsCAB + RPV LA demonstrated high efficacy, with no participants having CVF, and an acceptable safety profile in Asian participants through week 96. These data support CAB + RPV LA as a complete regimen for the maintenance of HIV‐1 virological suppression in Asian individuals.
Development of an explainable artificial intelligence model for Asian vascular wound images
Authors: Lo Zhiwen Joseph , Mak Malcolm Han Wen , Liang Shanying , Chan Yam Meng , Goh Cheng Cheng , Lai Tina , Tan Audrey , Thng Patrick , Rodriguez Jorge , Weyde Tillman , Smit Sylvia 
Published: December 2023

AbstractChronic wounds contribute to significant healthcare and economic burden worldwide. Wound assessment remains challenging given its complex and dynamic nature. The use of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning methods in wound analysis is promising. Explainable modelling can help its integration and acceptance in healthcare systems. We aim to develop an explainable AI model for analysing vascular wound images among an Asian population. Two thousand nine hundred and fifty‐seven wound images from a vascular wound image registry from a tertiary institution in Singapore were utilized. The dataset was split into training, validation and test sets. Wound images were classified into four types (neuroischaemic ulcer [NIU], surgical site infections [SSI], venous leg ulcers [VLU], pressure ulcer [PU]), measured with automatic estimation of width, length and depth and segmented into 18 wound and peri‐wound features. Data pre‐processing was performed using oversampling and augmentation techniques. Convolutional and deep learning models were utilized for model development. The model was evaluated with accuracy, F1 score and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Explainability methods were used to interpret AI decision reasoning. A web browser application was developed to demonstrate results of the wound AI model with explainability. After development, the model was tested on additional 15 476 unlabelled images to evaluate effectiveness. After the development on the training and validation dataset, the model performance on unseen labelled images in the test set achieved an AUROC of 0.99 for wound classification with mean accuracy of 95.9%. For wound measurements, the model achieved AUROC of 0.97 with mean accuracy of 85.0% for depth classification, and AUROC of 0.92 with mean accuracy of 87.1% for width and length determination. For wound segmentation, an AUROC of 0.95 and mean accuracy of 87.8% was achieved. Testing on unlabelled images, the model confidence score for wound classification was 82.8% with an explainability score of 60.6%. Confidence score was 87.6% for depth classification with 68.0% explainability score, while width and length measurement obtained 93.0% accuracy score with 76.6% explainability. Confidence score for wound segmentation was 83.9%, while explainability was 72.1%. Using explainable AI models, we have developed an algorithm and application for analysis of vascular wound images from an Asian population with accuracy and explainability. With further development, it can be utilized as a clinical decision support system and integrated into existing healthcare electronic systems.
Algorithm for accurate shear relaxation modulus analysis in glass viscoelasticity characterization
Authors: Zhou Tianfeng , Zhou Zhikang , Gao Liheng , Xie Jiaqing , Liu Peng , Wang Xibin 
Published: December 2023

AbstractNumerical simulation of the glass molding process and analysis of material viscoelasticity are growing increasingly significant as the research on optical‐device glass molding intensifies. An accurate and efficient analytical algorithm for the shear relaxation modulus in the viscoelasticity characterization of glass was developed in this study. We measured the high‐temperature creep curve, friction coefficient, and elastic modulus of glass (D‐LaF50) according to the requirements for viscoelasticity characterization. The viscoelastic behavior of glass was characterized based on the analytical algorithm and test results. A finite element analysis model was developed to verify the accuracy of the analytical algorithm. The results show that the error of the proposed algorithm's numerical simulation compared to the test results is within 5%.
A review of the role of transcription factors in regulating adipogenesis and lipogenesis in beef cattle
Authors: Abebe Belete Kuraz , Wang Hongbao , Li Anning , Zan Linsen 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn the past few decades, genomic selection and other refined strategies have been used to increase the growth rate and lean meat production of beef cattle. Nevertheless, the fast growth rates of cattle breeds are often accompanied by a reduction in intramuscular fat (IMF) deposition, impairing meat quality. Transcription factors play vital roles in regulating adipogenesis and lipogenesis in beef cattle. Meanwhile, understanding the role of transcription factors in regulating adipogenesis and lipogenesis in beef cattle has gained significant attention to increase IMF deposition and meat quality. Therefore, the aim of this paper was to provide a comprehensive summary and valuable insight into the complex role of transcription factors in adipogenesis and lipogenesis in beef cattle. This review summarizes the contemporary studies in transcription factors in adipogenesis and lipogenesis, genome‐wide analysis of transcription factors, epigenetic regulation of transcription factors, nutritional regulation of transcription factors, metabolic signalling pathways, functional genomics methods, transcriptomic profiling of adipose tissues, transcription factors and meat quality and comparative genomics with other livestock species. In conclusion, transcription factors play a crucial role in promoting adipocyte development and fatty acid biosynthesis in beef cattle. They control adipose tissue formation and metabolism, thereby improving meat quality and maintaining metabolic balance. Understanding the processes by which these transcription factors regulate adipose tissue deposition and lipid metabolism will simplify the development of marbling or IMF composition in beef cattle.
Orismilast for the treatment of mild to severe hidradenitis suppurativa: Week 16 data from OSIRIS, a Phase 2a, open‐label, single‐centre, single‐arm, dose‐finding clinical trial
Authors: Frederiksen C. G. , Sedeh F. B. , Taudorf E. H. , Saunte D. M. , Jemec G. B. E. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundHidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a disease with an unmet need for treatment.ObjectiveTo examine tolerability, safety and efficacy of oral phosphodiesterase‐4 (PDE4) inhibitior orismilast 10–40 mg twice daily (BID) in HS.MethodsA Phase 2a, single‐arm, single‐centre, open‐label, 16‐week trial in HS patients. Adjustments in maximal dose and titration were allowed, to improve tolerability, dividing the study population in two groups who completed and discontinued 16 weeks of treatment.Descriptive statistics were applied to efficacy data from patients who completed treatment and patients who discontinued treatment prematurely. A last‐observation‐carried‐forward (LOCF) approach was used for patients who discontinued treatment.The primary endpoint was percent change in the total number of abscesses and nodules (AN‐count) at Week 16, with the HS Clinical Response with a 50% reduction in the AN‐count (HiSCR50) as key secondary endpoint.ResultsOf the 20 patients included, 9 completed 16 weeks of treatment and 11 discontinued treatment prematurely. The mean AN‐count was reduced with 33.1% in patients who completed treatment and with 12.0% in patients who discontinued. HiSCR50 was achieved by 67.0% and 27.0% of patients who completed and discontinued treatment, respectively. Most adverse events were mild to moderate.ConclusionsOral orismilast demonstrated a dose‐dependent tolerability, with mild to moderate adverse effects. Further, the results of this exploratory trial indicate that orismilast may lead to clinical improvements in HS. However, larger trials with tolerable dose ranges are warranted.The Trial is registered at Clinicaltrials.gov (UNI50007201) and EudraCT.ema.europa.eu (2021‐000049‐42).
Addressing the need for Indigenous‐specific PROMs and PREMS: A focus on methodology
Authors: d'Agincourt‐Canning Lori , Ziabakhsh Shabnam , Morgan Jenny , Jinkerson‐Brass Elder Sharon , Joolaee Soudabeh , Smith Tonya , Loft Shelby , Rosalie Darci 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPurposeDifferences in Indigenous worldviews, practices and values highlight the need for Indigenous‐specific health quality indicators, such as patient‐reported outcome measures (PROMs) and patient‐reported experience measures (PREMs). The purpose of this paper is to present our methodology, as part of a larger study that sought to develop a framework for creating Indigenous‐specific PROMs and PREMs.MethodsThe research design was informed by Indigenous research methodology and a community‐based participatory approach. It had three core components: (1) a literature exploration of existing Indigenous‐specific PROMs and PREMs; (2) interviews with researchers with expertise in PROMs and PREMs developed for Indigenous populations and community leaders interested in using these Indigenous‐informed evaluation tools; and (3) conversations with Indigenous community members about their experiences with health surveys. Interviews were audio‐recorded and transcribed verbatim; transcripts were analyzed qualitatively using an inductive and deductive approach. Themes and sub‐themes were identified to build a framework that honours Indigenous knowledges and ways of knowing. Results were validated with select research participants and the Project Advisory Committee.ResultsFindings demonstrate how relationship building is the necessary starting point for engagement when developing survey instruments with Indigenous peoples. Engagement requires respectful collaboration through all stages of the project from determining what questions are asked to how the information will be collected, interpreted, and managed. A relational stance requires responsibility to Indigenous communities and peoples that goes beyond research carried out using a western scientific lens. It means ensuring that the project is beneficial to the community and framing questions based on Indigenous knowledge, worldviews, and community involvement.ConclusionsThis study employed a collaborative, participatory qualitative approach to develop a framework for creating PROMs and PREMs with Indigenous peoples. The methods described offer concrete examples of strategies that can be employed to support relationship‐building and collaboration when developing Indigenous‐specific survey instruments.