bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Samarium(III) Tris(2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenoxide): Preparation, Properties, and Catalytic Activity in the Michael Type Reaction
Authors: Katagiri Kosuke , Kameoka Miyuki , Nishiura Masayoshi , Imamoto Tsuneo 
Published: September 2002

Abstract
Samarium(III) tris(2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenoxide) (1), which is a highly coordinatively unsaturated complex, was prepared by the reaction of samarium(III) iodide with sodium 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenoxide, and the crystal structure of its acetonitrile complex was determined by X-ray analysis. Complex 1 catalyzed the sequential Michael-Michael-aldol reaction of 3,3-dimethyl-2-butanone with benzalacetophenone.
Pictet–Spengler Reaction of Nitrones and Imines Catalyzed by Yb(OTf)3–TMSCl
Authors: Tsuji Riichiro , Yamanaka Masamichi , Nishida Atsushi , Nakagawa Masako 
Published: September 2002

Abstract
The Pictet–Spengler reaction of nitrones and imines prepared from N-hydroxytryptamine and tryptamine gave the corresponding tetrahydro-β-carbolines in excellent yields in the presence of Yb(OTf)3–TMSCl in a mixture of CH2Cl2 and THF.
Synthesis and Characteristics of Novel Fixed Carrier Membrane for CO2 Separation
Authors: Zhang Ying , Wang Zhi , Wang Shichang 
Published: September 2002

Abstract
Permeation of CO2 was investigated by using synthetic polymeric membranes having secondary amine and carboxyl groups which can act as carriers for CO2. Selectivity of CO2 over CH4 was measured. The membranes possessed better CO2 permeance than that of other fixed carrier membranes reported in literature.
Structure Analysis of Highly S4-Ruffled Bis(2-methylimidazole)(meso-tetraethylporphyrinato)iron(III) Chloride
Authors: Ohgo Yoshiki , Ikeue Takahisa , Saitoh Takashi , Nakamura Mikio 
Published: September 2002

Abstract
The X-ray crystallographic analysis of low spin bis(2-methylimidazole)(meso-tetraethylporphyrinato)iron(III) has revealed that the porphyrin ring is highly S4-ruffled and that the maximum deviation of the meso-carbon from the least-squares plane of the [Fe(C20N4)] core reaches as much as 0.73(1) Å.
Syntheses of Ruthenium(II) Complexes with Pentadentate Ligands and Catalytic Oxidation of Alkane Using 2,6-Dichloropyridine N-Oxide
Authors: Yamaguchi Motowo , Ichii Yoshiki , Kosaka Shoko , Masui Dai , Yamagishi Takamichi 
Published: September 2002

Abstract
The new ruthenium(II) complexes having pentadentate ligands, [RuCl(N4PY)]Cl and [Ru(N2PY2O) (Me2SO)] were prepared.1,2 Catalytic oxidation of adamantane using MCPBA or 2,6-dichloropyridine N-oxide as cooxidant has been examined. Using N-oxide in the presence of a small amount of MCPBA or Ce(IV) ion (0.5–5 mol% vs substrate) the ruthenium complexes exhibit considerable catalytic activity, and that with the ligand having carboxylate groups is found to be more active.
Humidity-Sensitive Color Changes of Ionic Dyes in Solid Thin Film of Sugar Gel
Authors: Matsushima Ryoka , Ogiue Atsushi , Kohno Yoshiumi 
Published: September 2002

Abstract
Solid thin films of sugar gels containing ionic dyes, such as flavylium perchlorates and Methylene Blue, revealed reversible color changes toward the changes in temperature and humidity. Absorption spectra of the thin films revealed extended aggregates with only a weak shoulder of the dye monomer even at high temperature, as compared with aqueous hydrogel matrices which showed strong monomer band. The thin films revealed good reversibility toward temperature changes and moderate reversibility toward humidity changes.
Novel Synthesis of 1,3-Disubstituted Alkyl- and Aralkylnaphthalenes from Methylenetriphenylphosphorane, 1,1-Disubstituted Epoxides, Paraformaldehyde, and Trimethylsilyl Triflate
Authors: Okuma Kentaro , Hirose Yoshitaka , Shioji Kosei 
Published: September 2002

Abstract
A novel approach toward the synthesis of 3-methylnaphthalenes is achieved by the reaction of 3-methylene-5,5-disubstituted tetrahydrofurans derived from methylenetriphenylphosphorane, 1,1-disubstituted epoxides and paraformaldehyde with trimethylsilyl trifluoromethanesulfonate in the presence of diisopropylethylamine.
TiCl4-Zn Induced Reductive Acylation of Ketones with Acylsilanes
Authors: Sakurai Hidehiro , Imamoto Yuka , Hirao Toshikazu 
Published: September 2002

Abstract
Acylsilanes were found to react with ketones in the presence of a low-valent titanium reagent generated from titanium(IV) chloride and zinc, giving the corresponding reductive acylated compounds.
Supercritical CO2 Phase Intercalation of n-Dodecylamine with Cation Exchanged Expandable Micas
Authors: Shi Tie-Pan , Yao Ken , Nishimura Satoshi , Imai Yusuke , Yamada Noriyuki , Abe Eiichi 
Published: September 2002

Abstract
A series of cation exchanged expandable fluorine micas exhibiting various swelling properties have been intercalated by neutral n-dodecylamine via supercritical CO2.
An Efficient Method for the Direct Evaluation of the Excess Entropy for Two-Center-Lennard-Jones Liquids Using the Average of Scaled Acceptance Ratios
Authors: Hong Seung Do , Jang Du-Jeon 
Published: September 2002

Abstract
We present a direct evaluation of the excess entropy for two-center-Lennard-Jones liquids from the canonical ensemble average of scaled acceptance ratios during a single Monte Carlo or molecular dynamics simulation. The scaled acceptance ratios are averaged over virtual random configurations generated by separate parallel Monte Carlo procedures. No reference system is needed except the ideal gas and so the absolute excess entropy is obtained. The method is extremely efficient.
Conversion of CFC-13 to Trifluoroacetic Acid by Electrochemical Reaction with Carbon Dioxide
Authors: Sonoyama Noriyuki , Sakata Tadayoshi 
Published: September 2002

Abstract
The electrochemical conversion of CFC-13 (CClF3) and carbon dioxide into trifluoroacetic acid (TFAA) was attempted at a Ag wire electrode under high pressure. TFAA was efficiently produced and the current efficiency was slightly dependent on the potential during electrolysis and pressure of co-existing carbon dioxide.
Observation of Self-Oscillation of Electrical Potential Difference in Organic Phase of Water-Oil-Water Liquid Membrane System
Authors: Yoshidome Toshifumi , Takahama Jun , Mitsushio Masaru , Higo Morihide 
Published: September 2002

Abstract
Electrical potential differences were measured between two points in an organic phase of a water-oil-water liquid membrane system in which self-oscillations of an electrical potential difference across the three-phases-liquid membrane were observed. The electrical potential difference between two points in the organic phase was oscillated in the same way as did that across the three phases.
Selective Carbonylation of Methanol to Dimethyl Carbonate by Gas–Liquid–Solid-Phase Boundary Electrolysis
Authors: Yamanaka Ichiro , Funakawa Akiyasu , Otsuka Kiyoshi 
Published: September 2002

Abstract
Selective and efficient electrochemical carbonylation of MeOH to DMC was performed over PdCl2/VGCF (vapor grown carbon fiber) anode by utilizing the three-phase boundary electrolysis at 1 atm (CO) and 298 K.
A Novel Phthalocyanine-based Dimer Linked by a Silver Ion: Structural Control of Self-assembled Dimers
Authors: Ishii Kazuyuki , Watanabe Yoko , Abiko Satoko , Kobayashi Nagao 
Published: September 2002

Abstract
A novel phthalocyanine-based dimer, which is a di-nuclear pyridino-tri-tert-butylbenzotetraazaporphinatozinc linked by a silver ion, has been synthesized to control the states of assembly and characterized using electronic absorption and magnetic circular dichroism spectroscopy.
Acoustic Cavitation-assisted Decomposition of 4-Nonylphenol in Water
Authors: Yim Bongbeen , Maeda Yasuaki 
Published: September 2002

Abstract
Acoustic cavitation-assisted decomposition of 4-nonylphenol in water takes place through OH radical-attack and pyrolysis at the cavitation bubble interface and in the bulk solution. The cavitation-induced physical and chemical effects by addition of Fe2+ and Fe3+ play an important role in the enhancement of 4-nonylphenol decomposition.
Direct Preparation of Anhydrous Sodium Oligosulfides from Metal Sodium and Elemental Sulfur in Aprotic Organic Media Directed toward Synthesis of Silane Coupling Agent
Authors: Yamada Nobuo , Furukawa Mutsuhisa , Nishi Masayuki , Takata Toshikazu 
Published: September 2002

Abstract
Anhydrous sodium oligosulfide was prepared by the heterogeneous reaction of metal sodium and elemental sulfur in aprotic solvents. The oligosulfide consisted of a mixture of several Na2Sn (n=2-8). Organic oligosulfides (R2Sn, n≥2) including moisture-sensitive one were synthesized by the reaction with organic halides in high yeilds under mild conditions.
Novel Prediction Methods for Electrochemical Reduction Characteristics of Chlorinated Aromatics Based on Their Molecular Structures
Authors: Wei Dongbin , Hu Hong-Ying , Hiramoto Kosei , Fujie Koichi 
Published: September 2002

Abstract
A significant quantitative model for predicting reduction characteristic based on the molecular structure, and an empirical estimation method as well, were investigated by using structure-property relationship technique for 87 chlorinated aromatics. These would throw more light on the nature of reduction process, and provide valuable data for designing and choosing a possible (electro-) chemical oxidation/reduction treatment process of chlorinated aromatics.
High Aspect Ratio Gold Nanorods Grown Normal to High-Energy Surfaces
Authors: Yao Hiroshi , Onishi Tsuguo , Sato Seiichi , Kimura Keisaku 
Published: September 2002

Abstract
Gold nanorods were electrochemically prepared in aqueous micellar solutions consisting of a supporting electrolyte surfactant and a hydrophobic cosurfactant. With the selection of cosurfactant, the nanorods grew to be submicrometers in length with very high aspect ratios. The growth axial direction of the rod was revealed to be [110], the direction normal to high-energy surfaces, by electron diffraction measurements.
Double Nucleophilic Addition of Thiols and Allylstannane to α, β-Unsaturated Aldimines Promoted by Titanium Tetrachloride
Authors: Shimizu Makoto , Nishi Takafumi 
Published: September 2002

Abstract
In the presence of TiCl4, a mixture of thiol and tetraallyltin underwent 1,4- and 1,2-addition, respectively, with α, β-unsaturated imines to give 6-sulfenyl-4-amino-1-alkenes in good yields.
Sulfido-Bridged IrRh2 Clusters Derived from (Hydrogensulfido)iridium Complexes and Dirhodium Fragment. Comparison between Hydrido–Hydrogensulfido and Bis(hydrogensulfido) Systems
Authors: Matsubayashi Akihiro , Kuwata Shigeki , Ishii Youichi , Hidai Masanobu 
Published: September 2002

Abstract
Treatment of [Rh(μ2-Cl)(cod)]2 (cod=1,5-cyclooctadiene) with the hydrido–hydrogensulfido complex [Cp∗IrH(SH)(PMe3)] (Cp∗=η5-C5Me5) in the presence of triethylamine afforded the hydrido–mono(sulfido) complex [Cp∗Ir(PMe3)(μ2-H)(μ3-S){Rh(cod)}{RhCl(cod)}], whereas the corresponding reaction with the bis(hydrogensulfido) complex [Cp∗Ir(SH)2(PMe3)] gave the bis(sulfido) complex [Cp∗Ir(μ3-S)2{Rh(cod)}2] with liberation of trimethylphosphine.
A Rational Low-Temperature Approach to the Synthesis of Gladiate Ruthenium Nanoparticles
Authors: Xiao Jianping , Xie Yi , Luo Wei 
Published: September 2002

Abstract
Herein, a rational low-temperature approach has been successfully developed to prepare gladiate Ru nanoparticles with a pure hexagonal phase, which were confirmed by XRD, XPS, and TEM results. The reason for the formation of gladiate particles was also discussed.
Ircinamine, a Novel Cytotoxic Alkaloid from Ircinia sp.
Authors: Kuramoto Makoto , Fujita Tohru , Ono Noboru 
Published: September 2002

Abstract
Ircinamine was isolated from the marine sponge Ircinia sp., and its structure was elucidated by detailed spectroscopic analysis. This novel compound showed moderate activity against the murine leukemia cell line P388.
Molecular Assembly of Light-harvesting Antenna Complex on ITO Electrode
Authors: Ogawa Makiko , Kanda Ritsuko , Dewa Takehisa , Iida Kouji , Nango Mamoru 
Published: September 2002

Abstract
Light-harvesting (LH) antenna complex was successfully self-assembled on an ITO electrode modified with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APS-ITO). The reconstitution of the LH complex using LH polypeptides, isolated from photosynthetic bacteria, with Zn-BChl a formed an excitonically coupled state of Zn-BChl a complex on the electrode. Near infra-red (NIR) absorption and IR spectra indicated that the excitonically coupled Zn-BChl a and the LH polypeptides in an α-helical configuration were assembled on APS-ITO.
Electron-Link between Bacterial Luciferase and Electrochemically Sensitized Ru(bpy)32+∗-Methylviologen System within Nafion Membrane
Authors: Karatani Hajime , Tsujimura Yutaka , Hirayama Satoshi 
Published: September 2002

Abstract
Bacterial luciferase was linked with the electrochemically induced electron transport system, involving the dπ∗ triplet state tris(2,2′-bipyridine)ruthenium(II) and N,N′-dimethyl-4,4′-bipyridinium (MV2+), within a Nafion membrane.
The First Experimental Simulation of Thermal Transformation of Chlorophylls into Benzoporphyrins in Sediments
Authors: Kozono Masaki , Nomoto Shinya , Shimoyama Akira 
Published: September 2002

Abstract
Heating of chlorophyll a was performed at 350 °C for 12 h in relation to the origin of sedimentary benzoporphyrins. The product was oxidized by chromic acid to give phthalimide and its methyl homologs, which indicated the formation of benzopyrrole units in the substrate or its degraded fragments. The heating also produced a monomethylpyrrole unit, suggesting that a vinyl group of the chlorophyll was used as a part of the thermally generated benzopyrrole units.
Stereoselective Preparation and Crystal Structures of ΔΛ- and ΔΔ-[Hg{Co(aet)2(en)}2]4+ (aet=2-Aminoethanethiolate): Conversion of a Racemic CoIIIHgII Dinuclear to an Optically Active CoIIIHgIICoIII Trinuclear Structure
Authors: Konno Takumi , Honda Hirokazu , Chikamoto Yu , Kawamoto Tatsuya , Yoshimura Takashi , Hirotsu Masakazu 
Published: September 2002

Abstract
The reaction of [HgBr2{Co(aet)2(en)}]+ with [Ni{Co(aet)2(en)}2]4+ selectively gave the meso isomer of an S-bridged CoIIIHgIICoIII trinuclear complex, ΔΛ-[Hg{Co(aet)2(en)}2]4+ (ΔΛ-[1]4+), while the optically active ΔΔ isomer of [1]4+ was produced by the corresponding reaction with trans(N)-[Co(D-pen-N,O,S)2]-.
Effects of Titanium Oxide on the Optical Properties of Cerium Oxide
Authors: Masui Toshiyuki , Fukuhara Keisuke , Imanaka Nobuhito , Sakata Takao , Mori Hirotaro , Adachi Gin-ya 
Published: September 2002

Abstract
Cerium oxide and CeO2-TiO2 mixed oxide particles were prepared using sol-gel method. Addition of TiO2 changed the apparent bandgap energy to shift the UV-absorption edge to higher wavelengths, and the maximum UV-A absorption was attained in the 50CeO2-50TiO2 (in mol%) sample. The results on XRD and TEM showed that crystallinity of the particles became lower with increasing in the TiO2 content, and both thermal- and photo-catalyses were deactivated by the formation of CeO2-TiO2 mixed oxides.
Photochromic Films Prepared by Oxidation Polymerization of a Diarylethene Having Phenol Moieties
Authors: Uchida Kingo , Takata Atsushi , Nakamura Shinichiro , Irie Masahiro 
Published: September 2002

Abstract
Photochromic films containing diarylethene chromophores were prepared by oxidation polymerization of a diarylethene having phenol moieties. Upon alternate irradiation with UV and visible light, the polymer films exhibited coloration/decoloration cycles. The films were amorphous and kept the state after one year storage at room temperature.
Mg-Promoted Stereoselective Desulfonation of β-Arylvinyl Sulfone Derivatives
Authors: Nishiguchi Ikuzo , Matsumoto Takeshi , Kuwahara Takeshi , Kyoda Makoto , Maekawa Hirofumi 
Published: September 2002

Abstract
β-Arylvinyl p-tolylsulfones, easily prepared from base-catalyzed condensation of aromatic aldehydes with a variety of p-tolylsulfones, were efficiently transformed to the corresponding (E)-β-substituted aromatic olefins in a stereoselective manner through Mg-promoted reduction. The reaction may be initiated through electron transfer from Mg metal to the vinyl sulfones to give the corresponding anionic species followed by stereoselective elimination of a sulfonyl group.
Reversible Morphological Changes Induced by the Photodimerization of Bis (4-Octadecyloxystilbazolium) Isophthalate Films
Authors: Ohtani Osamu , Kato Hiroki , Takagi Katsuhiko 
Published: September 2002

Abstract
Anti-parallel stacked lamellar films of N-methyl-4-octadecyloxystilbazolium arylcarboxylates (C18O-Stz+X-) were found to undergo reversible layer expansion and shrinkage along the c-axis on the glass plates under alternative illumination at λ&gt;350 and 254 nm. The stacked lamellar units changed in length according to the phase transition of the lamella structure induced by the photochemical [2+2] cyclodimerization and cycloreversion of C18O-Stz+X- in the organized assembly.
A New Thermal Polycondensation of Alanine in Molten Urea
Authors: Terasaki Masanori , Nomoto Shinya , Mita Hajime , Shimoyama Akira 
Published: September 2002

Abstract
Heating of alanine with urea afforded polyalanine containing a hydantoin ring at the N-terminal position. Molecular weight of the polymer was lower than 8000, as estimated by dialysis of the product. Molten urea was considered to facilitate spontaneous polymerization of alanine as well as to act as a dehydrating agent.
Redox Chemistry of Dinuclear Molybdenum Dithiolene Complexes. Interconversion of the Bridging Disulfide and Sulfides
Authors: Miki Yasunori , Takagi Hideaki , Ichimura Akio , Akashi Haruo , Shibahara Takashi 
Published: September 2002

Abstract
The redox properties of a photochromic dinuclear molybdenum complex, [Mo2(μ-S2)(μ-S2C2Ph2)2(S2C2Ph2)2] (1), were examined. Conventional and thin-layer cyclic voltammetric measurements showed that 1 undergoes two-electron reduction followed by chemical reactions to give [Mo2(μ-S)2(S2C2Ph2)4]2- (2), which was structurally characterized by X-ray crystallography. The overall two-electron oxidation product of 2 was converted to 1 via formation of four bonds.
A Novel 2D Mn(II)-Disulphide Complex [Mn(2,2′-DTDN)(H2O)2]n·2nH2O
Authors: Zhu Jixiong , Zhao Yingjun , Hong Maochun , Sun Daofeng , Shi Qian , Cao Rong 
Published: September 2002

Abstract
A novel two-dimensional layer manganese(II)-disulphide complex, [Mn(2,2′-DTDN)(H2O)2]n·2nH2O (DTDN2-=dithiodinicotinate) was synthesized and characterized, in which DTDN2- comes from the oxidation of MNA (2-mercaptonicotinic acid) followed by a deprotonation process in aqueous solution under aerobic condition. Hydrogen bond interactions among layers lead to the formation of three-dimensional network structure.
One-Shot-Laser-Pulse-Induced Cooperative Charge Transfer Accompanied by Spin Transition in a Co-Fe Prussian Blue Analog at Room Temperature
Authors: Shimamoto Naonobu , Ohkoshi Shin-ichi , Sato Osamu , Hashimoto Kazuhito 
Published: September 2002

Abstract
A one-shot-laser-pulse (6 ns) irradiation converted the electronic state of Na0.68Co1.20[Fe(CN)6]·3.7H2O from FeII(S=0)-CN-CoIII(S=0) to FeIII(S=1/2)-CN-CoII(S=3/2) at room temperature. This photochemical reaction was observed only above the power density of 45 mJ pulse-1 cm-2, and its quantum yield amounted to about 200%.
Efficient Photochemical Water Oxidation by a Molecular Catalyst Immobilized onto Metal Oxides
Authors: Shiroishi Hidenobu , Nukaga Mieko , Yamashita Satoshi , Kaneko Masao 
Published: September 2002

Abstract
Photocatalytic water oxidation with a sacrifical electron acceptor has been studied using a ruthenium complexes adsorbed onto metal oxides as an active water oxidation catalyst. The amount of the O2 evolved with the complex incorporated into RuO2 was five to fourteen times as large as that with RuO2.
H-Aggregation of Methyl Reds by the Hybridization of DNA-Dye Conjugates
Authors: Asanuma Hiroyuki , Shirasuka Kenji , Komiyama Makoto 
Published: September 2002

Abstract
Two DNA-dye conjugates, which are complementary with each other, were prepared by incorporating 1,3-propanediol and Methyl Reds on D-threoninol alternately into natural DNA. By hybridizing the two strands, Methyl Reds H-aggregates were formed in the duplex.
Complexing Ability of p-tert-Butylthiacalix[6]arene toward Metal Ions. Predominant Effect of Coordination by the Bridging Sulfur Rather than That of the Ring-Size
Authors: Morohashi Naoya , Iki Nobuhiko , Aono Mitsuru , Miyano Sotaro 
Published: September 2002

Abstract
p-tert-Butylthiacalix[6]arene extracted soft to intermediate metal ions to the same extent as the [4] counterpart did, indicating that the O-,S,O--tridentate binding manner rather than the effect of ring extension is critical to determine the complexing ability.
Cobalt “Single-coronet” Porphyrin Bearing Hydroxyl Groups in Its O2 Binding Site as a New Model for Myoglobin and Hemoglobin: Observation of Unusually Low Frequency of ν(O-O) in Resonance Raman Spectrum
Authors: Nakayama Shinya , Tani Fumito , Matsu-ura Mikiya , Naruta Yoshinori 
Published: September 2002

Abstract
The resonance Raman spectrum of oxy CoSCP with AdIm(2-H) showed an unusually low ν(O-O) frequency at 1123 cm-1. This result is due to the cooperative effect of strong donation from AdIm(2-H) and hydrogen bonding between the inner hydroxyl groups and coordinated dioxygen.
Preparation and Photocatalysis of Ordered Mesoporous Mg-Ta Mixed Oxide
Authors: Uchida Miwa , Kondo Junko N , Lu Daling , Domen Kazunari 
Published: September 2002

Abstract
An ordered mesoporous Mg-Ta mixed oxide (123 m2·g-1 BET surface area, ca. 5.0 nm mesopore size and 3.6 nm wall thickness), which was stable after calcination at 500 °C for 30 h, showed stable and high photo-catalytic activity for overall water decomposition.
New Phase Formation of Dimyristoylphosphatidylglycerol Bilayer-Assembly with Sodium or Ammonium Ions: Gelation Phenomena in the Lamellar Liquid Crystals Aged in Water
Authors: Tajima Kazuo , Tsutsui Takahiro , Imai Yoko , Nakamura Akio , Koshinuma Masakatsu 
Published: September 2002

Abstract
The thermal properties of lamellar phases of dimyristoylphosphatidylglycerol (DMPG) bilayer-assemblies with counter ions of Na+ and NH4+ are remarkably different. However, these lamellar phases of NaDMPG and NH4DMPG in water have been found to undergo a new gelation in common when they are aged for a couple of weeks below 40 °C. The new gel phases named Gel-2 reversibly change to the corresponding liquid crystal phases (LC-2) at transition temperatures (TI) of 40 °C for NaDMPG and 44 °C for NH4DMPG, respectively.
Unique Nanometer-Thick Layered Network
Authors: Jung Ok-Sang , Kim Yun Ju , Lee Young-A , Yoo Kyung Ho 
Published: September 2002

Abstract
4,6-Bis(2′-pyridylthio)pyrimidine coordinates to three Ag(I) ions in a bridged tridentate fashion to generate the anion exchangeable nanometer-thick layered network.
Fabrication and Electrochemical Characterization of Boron-Doped Diamond Microdisc Array Electrodes
Authors: Tsunozaki Kentaro , Einaga Yasuaki , Rao Tata N , Fujishima Akira 
Published: September 2002

Abstract
Microdisc array (MDA) electrodes of boron-doped diamond (BDD) were fabricated on structured silicon substrates. The BDD-MDA electrodes exhibited sigmoidal voltammetric curves, which show that they function as assemblies of single microelectrodes. The microelectrode behavior was also confirmed with biologically important species such as ascorbic acid and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, indicating its applicability in electroanalysis.
Hydrothermal Process for Increasing Acetic Acid Yield from Lignocellulosic Wastes
Authors: Jin Fangming , Zheng Junchao , Enomoto Heiji , Moriya Takehiko , Sato Naohiro , Higashijima Hisao 
Published: September 2002

Abstract
To increase the acetic acid yield in a wet oxidation of lignocellulosic wastes, a new two-step reaction process is proposed. The first step produces 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furaldehyde (HMF) and 2-furaldehyde (2-FA) by dehydration of monosaccharides which are formed by hydrolysis of polysaccharides under the condition of non-supply of oxygen. In the second step, HMF and 2-FA are oxidized to acetic acid with oxygen newly added. The yield increased about twofold.