bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
American Theatre: A Chronicle of Comedy and Drama, 1930-1969
Authors: Bordman Gerald 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This book concludes Gerald Bordman’s survey of American non-musical theatre. It deals with the years 1930 to 1970, a period when the production of new plays was declining, but, at the same time, a period when American drama fully entered the world stage and became a dominant presence. Despite the looming presence of the film industry, this period was a golden age rich in plays, playwrights, and performers. From Eugene O’Neill’s A Long Day’s Journey into Night and Tennessee Williams’s A Streetcar Named Desire to Arthur Miller’s Death of a Salesman and Edward Albee’s Who’s Afraid of Virginia Woolf?, American theatre finally reached adulthood both dramatically and psychologically. In addition, many brilliant acting careers were launched or climaxed on the American stage, including Henry Fonda and Jessica Tandy, and foreign stars, Laurence Olivier and Vivien Leigh. Bordman’s study covers every Broadway production, and, increasingly in the 1950s and 1960s, every major off-Broadway show. His discussion moves season by season and show by show in chronological order; he offers plot synopses and details the physical production, directors, players, theaters, and newspaper reviews. Bordman stops at 1970, because, in his view, the decline in quantity and quality had reached an all time low, with British playwrights providing the only memorable dramas on the English-speaking stage. This book and the preceding volumes of The American Theatre stands as the standard history of American drama in all its aspects.
Dynamics Of Oscillating Bubbles
Authors: Brennen Christopher E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The focus of the two preceding chapters was on the dynamics of the growth and collapse of a single bubble experiencing one period of tension. In this chapter we review the response of a bubble to a continuous, oscillating pressure field. Much of the material comes within the scope of acoustic cavitation, a subject with an extensive literature that is reviewed in more detail elsewhere (Flynn 1964; Neppiras 1980; Plesset and Prosperetti 1977; Prosperetti 1982, 1984; Crum 1979; Young 1989). We include here a brief summary of the basic phenomena.
Translation Of Bubbles
Authors: Brennen Christopher E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter will briefly review the issues and problems involved in constructing the equations of motion for individual bubbles (or drops or solid particles) moving through a fluid and will therefore focus on the dynamics of relative motion rather than the dynamics of growth and collapse. For convenience we shall use the generic name “particle” when any or all of bubbles, drops, and solid particles are being considered. The analyses are implicitly confined to those circumstances in which the interactions between neighboring particles are negligible.
Classical Mercantilism
Authors: Crane George T , Amawi Abla 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Early Mercantilist political economy boldly asserts the centrality of politics. Economics is not separated from its political context, but instead is considered an important means of enhancing state power. Although the various strands of classical mercantilism do not form a unified theory, a general sense of the primacy of politics was the dominant view of political economy before Adam Smith, especially in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. The selections here, from Alexander Hamilton and Fredrich List, are not representative of the golden age of mercantilism; however, they both defend core mercantilist principles against the emerging liberal critique.
Classic Liberalism
Authors: Crane George T , Amawi Abla 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Liberal theorists redefined political economy. By focusing on the logic and consequences of economic action, they undermined mercantilist theory. The early liberals did not wholly separate economics from politics, as is often done by contemporary neoclassical economists. They understood that economic policy was infused with particularistic interests. Liberals argued, however, that economic development and transformation could not be attained if entrenched political interests continued to subvert market forces. Moreover, if markets were allowed to function freely, then the broader political interest of the many, if not the entire community, would be better served. Liberalism thus reversed the mercantilist formula and suggested that economic reason could ultimately resolve conflicting political interests.
The Return to Statist Theories of International Political Economy
Authors: Crane George T , Amawi Abla 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the 1970s, disillusionment with liberal and Marxist approaches to IPE led some theorists back to mercantilist themes. Their primary concern was how political action, centering on the definition of state interests and the use of state power, influences international economic relations. These state-oriented arguments discard a number of classic mercantilist ideas, such as the importance of specie, and they do not always accept the normative superiority of economic nationalism. A link to the mercantilist past can be found, however, in the definition of politics as potentially autonomous from class interests and market forces.
Free Radicals
Authors: Rosen Gerald M , Britigan Bradley E , Halpern Howard J , Pou Sovitj 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Free radicals, molecules with unpaired electrons, are highly reactive and play key roles in physiologic regulation and in many degenerative and pathologic processes, making them a fertile area of research. This book focuses on spin trapping, a sophisticated technique for the identification of free radicals in biological systems. The method is complex, and this book offers an in-depth guide to all of the critical aspects needed for its application to free radicals in biology. This includes advice on interpreting results, trouble-shooting, and experimental designs. The book looks at future directions in the field and will prove an invaluable resource for investigators working in the biology of free radicals, regardless of whether they are new or highly experienced in the applications of spin trapping.
An Overview of the Issues
Authors: Mace Georgina M , Smith Thomas B , Bruford Michael W , Wayne Robert K 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Conservation planning operates at many levels, from whole ecosystems and communities down to individual organisms. At each of these levels, molecular genetic techniques may provide appropriate tools to evaluate processes and to develop management strategies. In this chapter, we present an overview of the questions that may be relevant at each of these hierarchical levels, discuss how molecular genetic analyses may be used to address these questions, and provide examples of the use of molecular techniques in conservation (see Table 1-1). We do not aim to present an exhaustive review but rather to focus on examples from our own research so as to introduce some of the approaches presented in later chapters.
Introduction
Authors: Bruner Jerome 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The implications are, quite literally, mind-bending. At birth, the human brain weighs a mere 25 percent of its eventual adult weight. This is a curious state of affairs for the brainiest of the primates. A macaque, by contrast, is born with a brain that is 60 percent of its adult weight. Its neural growth has already slowed dramatically while still in utero. Even our closest primate relation, the chimpanzee, is born with about 45 percent of its brain weight already developed, and its brain growth slows down shortly after birth. Chimps mature both physically and socially years ahead of their human cousins.
Among primates, only the human brain continues to grow at fetal rates after birth, and the frantic pace of this postpartum neural building boom continues for the first two years of life before it begins to show any signs of abating. The cortex’s natural insulation, the fatty myelin sheath that grows about the axons and permits efficient conduction of electrical impulses, is not completely formed until about the sixth year of life. Only at puberty is the physical maturation of the human brain complete. After that, neural development continues throughout life. But this is, strictly speaking, more a matter of “mind” than of brain.
Playing with Rules: Sport at the Borderlands of Time and Space
Authors: Bruner Jerome 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Performances like drama and games have always been useful models for thinking about everyday life. Most of us realize that “playing” at life on the stage or athletic field is inevitably simpler than real-life dramas. Like all models, a game’s power to reveal the character of social life has something to do with its ability to conceal some of the contingencies and complexities of that life. But this simplicity of models also has its advantages, helping us to clarify some of the important features of the more complex dramas that make up everyday life.
Dreamtime Learning, Inside-Out: The Narrative of the Wawilak Sisters
Authors: Bruner Jerome 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The “illusion” of totemism was not to be found in the mystical “participation” LevyBruhl recognized in the totemic equations between humans and animals. What was illusory were the false dichotomies perpetuated by generations of observers, dichotomies that artificially distinguished the mystical principles of “primitive thought” from those informing Western logic. These principles were used to construct our own classifications, dividing “primitive” from “civilized” forms of humanity.
Totemic beliefs and practices model in various ways the complex relations and exchanges between human groups and other forms on which humans depend for their continuity and regeneration. Traditionally, those other life forms have been plant and animal species that figured as alimentary and generative images of continuity. In industrial societies, however, the same problems cluster around machine-human relations, producing a distinctive techno-totemism.
Tropic Landscapes: Alternative Spatial Models in Samoan Culture
Authors: Bruner Jerome 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
For the aborigines of Australia, many of their songs, stories, and paintings take the form of maps, abstracted representations of ancestral journeys. The walkabout schema explored in Chapters 9 and 10 exploits the importance and multivocality of spatial models for the aborigines. The aboriginal landscape is understood to quite literally embody sacred history. Features of the landscape are not just symbolic of ancestral creatures and events but are understood to be actual transformations of these Wongar beings and events (Morphy, 1991:111).
Cognitive science has also appropriated the notion of landscape as a metaphor for certain kinds of mental models. Since Tolman’s early work in learning theory, mental schemas have often been likened to maps, though Tolman’s actual model was derived from a rat maze rather than from any kind of human landscape. Because of their importance as basic templates for physical orientation, maps and other spatial models have a unique place among orientational models.
Emotions, the Higher Cerebral Processes, and the SELF Some Are Born to Sweet Delight, Some Are Born to Endless Night
Authors: Panksepp Jaak 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Although primal emotional feelings arise from the sub-cortical systems of the animal brain, their consequences ramify widely within the unique conscious abilities of the human mind, as well as the social fabric of our cultures. For 15 chapters I have focused on the former, but now I will turn to the latter. The critical issue that I have avoided until now is the nature of consciousness and the self. Emotional feelings cannot be fully understood without understanding these matters. Do animals have a spontaneous sense of themselves as active creatures in the world? Descartes suggested that animals, unlike humans, did not have a sentient self-that they were closer to reflex automatons than feeling creatures. Many scholars have recently chosen to disagree with this cold view of animal nature, but to be scientifically useful such alternative perspectives need to probe the neuroevolutionary roots of consciousness. I have constructed a brain perspective that acknowledges the existence of internal feelings in other animals. The indirect evidence seems overwhelming that other mammals do have basic forms of affective consciousness, not unlike our own (which is not meant to imply that they can have the same cognitive contents in their consciousness as we have in ours). All mammals appear to experience pain, anger, fear, and many other raw feelings, but they do not seem able to cognitively reflect upon such feelings as we do. They do not appear to extend feelings in time, as we can with our rich imaginations. If the existence of such feelings is not an illusion but a substantive part of nature, we cannot understand their brains, or ours for that matter, without fully confronting the neural nature of that undefinable attribute of mind that we commonly call our sense of self, our ego-the feeling of “will” or “1-ness” by which we come to represent ourselves and our self-interests within the world. Here I will develop the idea that a neural principle of self-representation emerged early in brain evolution, and that it became rooted first in brain areas as low as those situated in ancient midbrain regions where primitive neural systems for motor maps (i.e., body schema), sensory maps (world schema), and emotional maps (value schema) first intermixed. Although this neuropsychic function emerged early in brain evolution, it did not remain primitive. It continued to evolve as brains became increasingly encephalized, which allows us more behavioral flexibility and the ability to have complex thoughts and internal images. Thus, with the evolution of higher brain functions in humans (such as the ability to reflect on our own reflections, as commonly occurs in writing and reading, not to mention our penchant for narcissistic gazing into mirrors), a multidimensional conscious sense of self came to be greatly expanded in the human brain/mind.
Game Theory and Communication
Authors: Johnstone Rufus A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Communication is said to occur when the acts or cues given by one individual influence the behavior of another (Wiley 1983, Endler 1993). Traits that are specialized for the purpose of communication, which I will refer to as signals or displays, include some of the most striking products of natural selection: Consider the elaborate struc tures erected by male bower-birds to attract mates, the lengthy and complex songs of whales, or the brilliant colors of venomous coral snakes. These traits, and others like them, are the product of signaler/receiver coevolution. Selection favors signalers that elicit favorable responses from receivers; it also favors receivers that react appropri-ately to signalers. Game theory, with its emphasis on strategic interaction, is thus a useful tool with which to analyze the evolution of communicative behavior, and biologists have made extensive use of it.
Most interactions between animals involve some kind of communication: For example, offspring may solicit food from their parents, opponents threaten each other during conflict, prey attempt to deter a predator or warn others of its presence, males display to attract females, and so on. Consequently, a large number of different game theoretic models have been developed, each concerned with just one form of communication.
Interactions of the Parasitic Screaming and Shiny Cowbirds (Molothrus rufoaxillaris and M. bonariensis) with a Shared Host, the Bay-Winged Cowbird (M. badius)
Authors: Fraga Rosendo M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter deals with the triangular interactions of three avian species currently classified in the genus Molothrus, a system consisting of two brood parasites sharing a host. The host species is the bay-winged cowbird (Molothrus badius), quite different from the other cowbirds because it is nonparasitic, has extensive parental care, and lives in permanent groups that show cooperative breeding (Fraga 1972, 1991, 1992). The screaming cowbird (Molothrus rufoaxillaris) is one of the most specialized avian brood parasites and has M. badius as its only host over most of its range. Lastly, the shiny cowbird (M. bonariensis) is a generalist avian parasite with hundreds of hosts (Friedmann and Kiff 1985) that regularly parasitizes M. badius. A recent phylogeny based on mitochondrial DNA (Lanyon 1992) suggests that M. badius is not closely related to the parasitic cowbirds.
Parallel Optimization
Authors: Censor Yair 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This book offers a unique pathway to methods of parallel optimization by introducing parallel computing ideas into both optimization theory and into some numerical algorithms for large-scale optimization problems. The three parts of the book bring together relevant theory, careful study of algorithms, and modeling of significant real world problems such as image reconstruction, radiation therapy treatment planning, financial planning, transportation and multi-commodity network flow problems, planning under uncertainty, and matrix balancing problems.
Soils of Mesoamerica
Authors: Vásquez-Morera Alexis 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
During the last four decades, the development of the agricultural sector in Central America has focused on increasing production, resulting in an irrational expansion of the land base that is devoted to agriculture. This irrational expansion has serious consequences for the resources that sustain development, especially on soils, forests, and water. A development strategy focused on expanding production has caused a major misallocation of soil resources in Mesoamerica because current land uses are not based on a consideration of land use capability. Severe erosion is the end result of a soil management strategy focused on increasing production and leading to overuse of the soil resource in many areas.
Conservation and Sustainable Use of Streams and Rivers in Central America
Authors: Rosa Carlos L de la 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Streams and rivers are among the most endangered eco systems in Central America. Population growth, urbanization, and conversion of natural ecosystems into agricultural land in Latin America advance much more rapidly than our knowledge of the ecosystems or our efforts to conserve them. Even in countries like Costa Rica, which has led conservation efforts in Central America (Boza, 1993; Calvo, 1990; Gamez, 1991), the environmental problems from deforestation, aquatic pollution, air pollution, and general environmental deterioration are serious. Protected areas, such as national parks and wildlife refuges, are under the constant threat of invasion, insularization, habitat deterioration, or other destructive processes.
Traditional Farming Systems: Panacea or Problem?
Authors: Popenoe H L , Swisher M E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Smallholder agricultural production in Mesoamerica faces a crisis. The region confronts increasing problems of population growth, impoverishment of rural populations, and environmental deterioration. It is clear that past policies, technologies, and practices have been unable to raise the vast majority of the rural population out of poverty and provide the region’ s millions of smallholders with a sound footing in sustainable, commercially viable agricultural production. In this chapter, we examine the roots of this crisis, review the history of agricultural technology in the region, and suggest some new paradigms for agricultural development to meet the needs of small farmers.
Forest Plantations in the Tropics
Authors: Fisher Richard F 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Past and continuing destruction of natural forests in the tropics have made forest plantations desirable and often necessary. Tropical forests have long been cleared for other uses or severely damaged by human use. This destruction shows few signs of abating. A Food and Agriculture Organization (PAO) survey of 62 tropical countries in 1990 showed that deforestation amounted to nearly 17 million hectares annually, or 1.2 percent of the total forest cover (Dembner, 1991). This is double the rate of the 1970s, and by all indications this rate has declined very little over the past five years.
Utilitarianism, Institutions, and Justice
Authors: Bailey James Wood 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This compelling book advances utilitarianism as the basis for a viable public philosophy, effectively rebutting the common charge that, as moral doctrine, utilitarian thought permits cruel acts, justifies unfair distribution of wealth, and demands too much of moral agents. James Wood Bailey defends utilitarianism through novel use of game theory insights regarding feasible equilibria and evolutionary stability, elaborating a sophisticated account of institutions that real-world utilitarians would want to foster. If utilitarianism seems in principle to dictate that we make each and every choice such that it leads to the best consequences overall, game theory emphasizes that no choice has consequences in isolation, but only in conjunction with many other choices of other agents. Viewing institutions as equilibria in complex games, Bailey negotiates the paradox of individual responsibilities, arguing that if individuals within institutions have specific responsibilities they cannot get from the principle of utility alone, the utility principle nevertheless holds great value in that it allows us to identify morally desirable institutions. Far from recommending cruel acts, utilitarianism, understood this way, actually runs congruent to our basic moral intuitions. A provocative attempt to support the practical use of utilitarian ethics in a world of conflicting interests and competing moral agents, Bailey’s book employs the work of social scientists to tackle problems traditionally given abstract philosophical attention. Vividly illustrating its theory with concrete moral dilemmas and taking seriously our moral common sense, Utilitarianism, Institutions, and Justice is an accessible, groundbreaking work that will richly reward students and scholars of political science, political economy, and philosophy.
Introduction to Utilitarianism
Authors: Bailey James Wood 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this book, I propose to make a contribution to the doctrine of utilitarianism. Readers familiar with the history of ethics will know that ever since Jeremy Bentham coined the term in 1781 (or at least since he introduced it to the public in 1802), the doctrine has been subject to any number of understandings or, more typically, misunderstandings. If one were to sample definitions of utilitarianism even from the literate and welleducated part of the public, one would be likely at best to get only some half correct half-definitions. Some think that utilitarianism has something to do with recommending material acquisition over spiritual accomplishments. Others might recall the names of Bentham and Mill. A few might remember the none-too-helpful formula about
bringing about the greatest good for the greatest number.
Basic Distributive Institutions
Authors: Bailey James Wood 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Introduction
The preceding chapter presents a view of institutions in the abstract; this chapter defends some concrete institutional arrangements. Naturally, even this defense of the kinds of institutions that a utilitarian will find desirable is more of a sketch than anything else. The range of institutions to be considered is limited to those that establish the basic structure of a political economy. It leaves out quite a few rather important parts of civil society. I do not devote much attention to secondary associations nor, except as a passing part of my discussion of redistribution in the next chapter, to the family or educational institutions.