bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of postoperative respiratory function by serial blood gas analysis in dogs treated with transdermal fentanyl
Authors: Welch Janet A. , Wohl James S. , Wright James C. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractObjective:To perform blood gas analysis of the respiratory response to transdermal fentanyl in dogs which have experienced an open‐chest surgical procedure.Design:Prospective trial.Setting:Veterinary Teaching Hospital Surgical Research and Student Laboratory.Intervention:Dogs were purchased for a surgical laboratory. Students performed a cranial abdominal exploratory and diaphragmatic hernia repair. Sixteen dogs were divided into 2 groups. Dogs received transdermal fentanyl (group F), using an average dose of 4.8 µg/kg/hr, applied to the caudal‐lateral abdomen 22 hours before surgery, or intravenous buprenorphine (group B; 0.02 mg/kg) given 1 hour prior to anesthetic induction and every 6 hours postoperatively. All dogs received intravenous acepromazine (0.05 mg/kg) preoperatively and every 6 hours postoperatively. Dogs were instrumented with carotid artery catheters.Measurements and main results:Arterial blood gas values were analyzed every 2 hours postoperatively. Plasma fentanyl levels were analyzed every 4 hours postoperatively. The mean carbon dioxide tension (PCO2) did not exceed 45 mmHg in either group. The range in mean PCO2levels was 32.9 (± 3.4)−38.1 (± 3.9) in group B and 34.7 (± 3.25)−43.6 (± 5.5) in group F. At 2 time points, the mean PCO2was significantly lower in group B compared with normal levels in group F. Hypoxemia occurred in both the groups. The range in mean oxygen tension (PO2) was 76.5 (± 18.3)−91.1 (± 16.3) in group B and 76.0 (± 10.8)−96.6 (± 7.6) in group F. There was no significant difference in PO2between groups. Levels of fentanyl considered to be analgesic were maintained for the postoperative period.Conclusions:The use of a relatively high dose of transdermal fentanyl did not induce postoperative hypoventilation as evidenced by serial arterial blood gas analysis in this model.
Relationship between hydration estimate and body weight change after fluid therapy in critically ill dogs and cats
Authors: Hansen Bernie , DeFrancesco Teresa 
Published: March 2003

AbstractObjective: To characterize the relationship between clinical estimates of hydration in dogs and cats admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU) and changes in their body weight following 24–48 hours of fluid therapy.Design: Outcome study.Setting: ICU at a veterinary teaching hospital (VTH).Animals: A total of 151 dogs and 42 cats with various medical disorders that had not had surgery within 48 hours of admission into the ICU were consecutively admitted into the study. Animals with any condition predisposing to excess fluid loss or retention were excluded: heart disease, sepsis, trauma, pancreatitis, pleural or pericardial effusion, ascites, and pathologic oliguria. Animals that acquired any of the following during the observation period were excluded: gastrointestinal fluid loss, edema or diseases predisposing to edema, oliguria, diuretic therapy, and body fluid drainage or hemorrhage. Fluid therapy was ordered based on estimate of hydration at admission. Other treatments were not modified or withheld.Interventions: Physiologic data were collected at the time of admission and 24–48 hours later.Measurements and main results: Hydration was estimated on admission to the ICU using clinical judgement with no supporting laboratory data. Each admitting clinician used this estimate to plan fluid therapy. Fluid therapy was defined as the administration of any enteral or parenteral fluids as well as any decision to withhold fluids. Paired measurements taken on admission and at 24–48 hours included packed cell volume (PCV), total plasma solids (TS), and body weight. Amount and type of fluids or blood products administered were noted. Neither clinician estimates of dehydration nor baseline PCV or TS predicted clinically significant changes in body weight following fluid therapy, and there was no relationship between weight change and changes in PCV or TS.Conclusions: A clinical diagnosis of dehydration in our ICU does not predict weight gain following fluid therapy. Neither baseline PCV/TS nor changes in these measurements following 24–48 hours of fluid therapy predicted changes in body weight.
Grain Yields of Perennial Grain Crops in Pure and Mixed Stands
Authors: Weik L. , Kaul H.‐P. , Kübler E. , Aufhammer W. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractPerennial grain crops were examined in pure stands and in various mixtures for their grain yield potential in, and suitability for, low‐input systems on marginal land. The investigation was based on field experiments conducted at two sites characterized by marginal environmental conditions in south‐west Germany in 1999 and 2000. The experiments included perennial species of rye (Secale cereale × Secale montanum), intermediate wheatgrass (Thinopyrum intermedium), lupin (Lupinus polyphyllus) and linseed (Linum perenne). In some stands, white clover (Trifolium repens) was included as an undersown intercrop for improved N supply. It was found that maturation of the species differed by up to almost 6 weeks, and consequently the threshability of most mixed stands was not satisfactory. Nevertheless, mixtures of either of the grasses (rye or wheatgrass) with lupin or undersown clover proved to be more suitable than pure stands in most cases, for measures such as grain yield, weed suppression and stability of grain yield over years. The grain yield harvested in the experiments in 1999 was low, reaching about 2.7 t ha−1 with rye, and decreased for most species in 2000. If improved genotypes were available, perennial grain crops could provide an alternative for arable cropping and set‐aside areas under marginal conditions.
Multiple trait selection for maternal productivity in beef cattle
Authors: Mwansa P. B. , Crews D. H. , Wilton J. W. , Kemp R. A. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryThe aim of this study was to develop a multiple trait genetic evaluation and selection tool for maternal productivity in beef cattle, particularly in the Hereford breed. Component traits of the maternal productivity index (MPI) were chosen on the basis of their potential to contribute to consistently weaning heavy calves over a sustained herd life, while controlling cow maintenance costs. (Co)variance components were estimated with a multiple trait model including direct and maternal birth weight, direct and maternal weaning weight, weight of the cow at the time her calf is weaned and survival, defined as the ability of a female to produce at least three calves given she became a dam. Although direct and maternal birth weight were included in the (co)variance parameters model, these traits were not included in the index. Estimates of heritability were 0.19, 0.18, 0.50 and 0.07 for direct and maternal weaning weight, cow weight, and survival, respectively. The correlation between direct and maternal components of weaning weight was −0.42. The genetic correlation estimated between direct weaning weight and cow weight was 0.85, while a low genetic correlation of −0.17 was estimated between maternal weaning weight and cow weight. Survival had a near zero (−0.01) genetic correlation with maternal weaning weight, but negative genetic correlations with direct weaning weight (−0.52) and cow weight (−0.48). The MPI was constructed as a linear function of derived economic weights multiplied by estimated breeding values for the four component traits from the model. Estimated economic values were $3.00, $2.70, $−0.49 and $2.39 for direct and maternal weaning weight, cow weight, and survival (expressed as a percentage), respectively. Relative economic weights were 0.30, 0.26, 0.17 and 0.27 for direct and maternal weaning weight, cow weight, and survival, respectively. A simulation study indicated that positive genetic trend would be expected in all component traits although increases in cow weight would be moderate.
Studies on nutrient digestibilities (pre‐caecal and total) in pancreatic duct‐ligated pigs and the effects of enzyme substitution
Authors: Tabeling R. , Gregory P. , Kamphues J. 
Published: March 2003

Introduction  Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency causes digestive disturbances in humans and animals. However, although clinical symptoms of pancreatic insufficiency, e.g. steatorrhoea, only occurs after loss of 80–90% normal pancreatic secretory capacity (D
iM
agno et al. 1973), pancreatic enzyme supplementation does not always result in normalization of digestion (especially of fat), even with high doses of enzymes (L&
ouml;
ser and F&
ouml;
lsch 1995). In order to better understand the physiological and the pathological consequences of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency in humans as well as its therapy with enzyme substitution, studies have been made using an animal model of induced pancreatic exocrine insufficiency. Hither to, studies concerning pancreatic duct ligation and/or the influence of enzyme substitution have mainly been focused on estimation of enzyme activities in chyme (e.g. A
bello et al. 1989) and/or on faecal analyses of total digestibility (e.g. I
mmondi et al. 1972). To get more information on effects of enzymes (natural or substituted) it seems necessary to investigate the site and extent of digestion more intensively (S
udendey 1995). Therefore a pig model of induced pancreatic exocrine insufficiency, via pancreatic duct ligation, was chosen and pre‐caecal digestibility was measured by means of an ileo‐caecal re‐entrant fistula. Studies on the digestibility of a high fat diet were made, since cystic fibrosis patients with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency are recommended to take in high amounts of energy to avoid catabolic metabolism and nowadays these high energy diets comprise increasing proportions of fat (D
urie and P
encharz 1989; S
hepherd et al. 1991).The following aspects were investigated in controls and pancreatic duct‐ligated pigs that were fed a high fat diet: changes in the composition of ileal chyme and faeces; effects on nutrient digestibility (pre‐caecal and total); efficacy of enzyme substitution in total exocrine pancreatic insufficiency.
Evaluation de deux méthodes de lutte intégrée contre les ravageurs en vergers d'agrumes
Authors: Benziane T. , Abbassi M. , Bihi Et T. 
Published: March 2003

Abstract:  Evaluation of two IPM methods to control main pests in citrus orchards This study aims to the consolidation of the acquired knowledge regarding integrated pest management (IPM) against the main pests in citrus orchards. We provide evidence that the principles of this method already tested on small scales, are quite applicable on larger ones. In addition to this aspect, the purpose of our work has been the evaluation of two IPM methods: the first one, has been tested in Morocco for 3 years in areas not exceeding 1.2 ha; the second one originating from Australia, is presently recommended by the Plant Protection Authorities in Morocco. The results obtained confirm the complementarity between these two methods which are not mutually exclusive, despite some advantages recorded in favour of this method or the other. Our results show that the Moroccan method is more efficient in monitoring aphids and citrus leaf miner (CLM) population as it leads to the same results while reducing by half the number of the samples inspected. In contrast, mites monitoring is more convenient with the Australian method, allowing a good evaluation of the numbers of phytoseiid predators. Moreover, this method enabled us to reduce the quantity of pesticides used against Mediterranean fruit fly through treatment by lured spots reducing pulp volume by more than 92.8% and costs by 20%. These two methods gave the same results for monitoring population dynamics of California red scale and Mediterranean fruit fly but, fruit infestation at harvest was higher with the Australian method than the method developed locally (70.95% against 74.75 for California red scale and 2.35 against 3.35 for Mediterranean fruit fly).
Subtractive Cloning of DNA from Polymyxa graminis– an Obligate Parasitic Plasmodiophorid
Authors: Šubr Z. W. , Kastirr U. , Kühne T. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractA simple subtractive hybridization was applied for cloning of Polymyxa graminis deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). Total DNA preparations from concentrated P. graminis resting spores and from roots of non‐infested (healthy) barley were digested with different restriction enzymes and batch hybridized, followed by cloning in a plasmid vector. Sequencing and blast analysis of coincidentally selected clones enabled construction of polymerase chain reaction primers specific to P. graminis DNA. Four Polymyxa‐specific primers showed different affinities to DNA of type I and type II P. graminis and to DNA of P. betae.
Detection of Strawberry latent ring spot virus in Leaves of Olive Trees in Italy using a One‐Step RT–PCR
Authors: Faggioli F. , Ferretti L. , Pasquini G. , Barba M. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractA one‐step reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT–PCR) protocol was developed and used for the detection of Strawberry latent ring spot virus (SLRSV) in leaves of olive trees in Italy. The protocol was used to test for infection in samples from 87 trees and to correlate infection with leaf symptoms. SLRSV was found only in olives grown in Central Italy (the Marche and Umbria regions) and was detected in c. 15% of leaf samples. Most infected plants had narrow and twisted leaves, symptoms which seemed to occur in specific cultivars. The one‐step RT–PCR protocol is very rapid and sensitive and has the potential to be used on a mass scale for the diagnosis of SLRSV in olive. This virus should be considered an important pathogen in olive trees, even if its distribution in the field seems to be limited to well defined areas.
Molecular Characterization of Carla‐ and Potyviruses from Narcissus in China
Authors: Chen J. , Chen J. P. , Langeveld S. A. , Derks A. F. L. M. , Adams M. J. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractConserved carlavirus and potyvirus primers were used in reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) to amplify virus fragments from Chinese narcissus (Narcissus tazetta var. chinensis) in China and the fragments were subsequently sequenced and compared in phylogenetic analyses. Samples from Fujiang province and Shanghai contained either one or two potyviruses and a carlavirus. One potyvirus (PY1) showed a distant relationship to Iris severe mosaic virus, Onion yellow dwarf virus and Shallot yellow stripe virus, while the other (only in the Fujiang sample, PY2) was most closely related to Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV). Similar experiments using glasshouse grown Narcissus originating from the UK contained Ornithogalum mosaic virus and another potyvirus (PY3) in the TuMV/PY2 cluster. Comparisons with previously determined sequence fragments indicated that PY2 was probably Narcissus yellow stripe virus and PY3 Narcissus late season yellow virus. Carlavirus fragments from both Chinese sites seemed to be of the same virus, which was most closely related in phylogenetic analyses to Potato virus M, Aconitum latent virus and Hop latent virus. It is most probably a new member of the genus Carlavirus and has been tentatively named Narcissus common latent virus.
Activity of Enzymes Related to H2O2 Generation and Metabolism in Leaf Apoplastic Fraction of Tomato Leaves Infected with Botrytis cinerea
Authors: Patykowski Jacek , Urbanek Henryk 
Published: March 2003

AbstractHydrogen peroxide generation rates of uninfected and infected leaves of two tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) cultivars showing differential susceptibility to Botrytis cinerea were determined. The superoxide anion, hydroxyl radical, ascorbate contents and changes in NADH peroxidase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and catalase (CAT) activities in the apoplast fraction were analysed. Infected leaves had an increased hydrogen peroxide level. It was greater and generally occurred earlier in plants of the less susceptible cv. Perkoz than in those of the more susceptible cv. Corindo. Induction of nitrotetrazolium blue reducing activity and SOD levels in apoplast were higher in cv. Perkoz 24 h after inoculation. In the controls, NADH peroxidase activity in apoplast was higher in the more susceptible cv. Corindo, but after infection it increased faster and to a higher level in the less susceptible cv. Perkoz. NADH oxidation was inhibited by only 15% by a specific inhibitor DPI (diphenylene‐iodonium) but was completely inhibited by KCN and NaN3. Similar increases in APX activity after 48 h and a small increase in catalase activities were observed in both cultivars soon after infection. These results indicate that resistance of tomato plants to infection by the necrotrophic fungus B. cinerea may result from early stimulation of hydrogen peroxide and superoxide radical generations by NADH peroxidase and SOD in apoplastic space, and they confirm the important role of their enhanced production in apoplastic spaces of plants.
Evaluation of Cellular and Biochemical Parameters of Blood and Peritoneal Fluid Following Exploratory Laparotomy in the Goat
Authors: Dehghani S. , Nazifi S. , Barzegar M. R. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryTo evaluate the effects of exploratory laparotomy on cellular and biochemical parameters of blood and peritoneal fluid, an experiment was conducted using 10 Iranian cross‐bred male goats. Approximately 10 ml of blood and 1–1.5 ml of peritoneal fluid were collected from all animals prior to operation for estimation of control values. Exploratory laparotomy was performed under local analgesia. Blood and peritoneal fluid samples were collected at 24, 48, 72 and 96 h after exploratory laparotomy. The results revealed that after exploratory laparotomy, the number of white blood cells and the percentage and absolute number of neutrophils and band neutrophils significantly increased (P< 0.05). However, the percentage of lymphocytes decreased significantly (P< 0.05). The concentrations of blood urea nitrogen significantly increased (Plt; 0.05). Furthermore, following the operation, the percentage and absolute number of neutrophils in the peritoneal fluid significantly increased (P< 0.05). In contrast, the percentage of lymphocytes in the peritoneal fluid decreased significantly (P< 0.05). The concentration of protein in the peritoneal fluid increased significantly (P< 0.05).
Detomidine‐Diazepam‐Ketamine Anaesthesia in Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) Calves
Authors: Pawde A. M. , Amarpal  , Kinjavdekar P. , Aithal H. P. , Pratap K. , Bisht G. S. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryEight buffalo calves (8–12 months, 70–100 kg) were randomly assigned to two groups of four animals each. Animals of group I were given detomidine (100 µg/kg), whereas animals of group II received a mixture of detomidine (100 µg/kg), diazepam (100 µg/kg) and ketamine (3 mg/kg) (DDK) intravenously. Various clinical parameters, such as weak time, down time, pedal and pinprick reflexes, muscle relaxation and extent of sedation, as well as heart and respiratory rates and electrocardiograms were measured before (time 0) and 15, 30, 45, 60, 75 and 90 min after treatment. In all the animals of group II (DDK), the pedal reflex was completely abolished (score: 3.00 ± 0.00) within 5 min, the pinprick response was either very weak or it was completely abolished at this interval. Muscle relaxation and sedation were excellent within 5 min of DDK administration. The depth of sedation and analgesia was maximum from 5 to 15 min post‐injection. Detomidine alone, however, failed to produce appropriate depression of the pedal and pinprick reflexes, sedation was mild and muscle relaxation was inadequate. Heart rate showed a significant (P < 0.05) decrease in group I, but the decrease was non‐significant in group II. A more pronounced increase in respiratory rate was observed in group I as compared to group II. Animals of both groups recovered within 90 min without any complication. Minimal changes in the cardiovascular system in the group given the DDK combination were an advantage over the group given detomidine. The results indicated that DDK combination is safe and suitable for 15 min of anaesthesia with excellent muscle relaxation and has only limited cardiorespiratory effects in buffaloes.
The Course of Selected Bone Resorption Marker Concentrations in Response to Short‐term Hypocalcemia Experimentally Induced with Disodium EDTA Infusions in Dairy Cows
Authors: Liesegang A. , Eicher R. , Sassi M. ‐L. , Risteli J. , Riond J.‐L. , Wanner M. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryThe collagen metabolites hydroxyproline (HYP), deoxypyridinoline (DPD), and the carboxyterminal telopeptide of type I collagen (ICTP) are suitable markers for bone resorption in humans and several animal species. The purpose of this study was to describe the course of bone resorption markers during short‐term hypocalcemia induced with disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (Na2EDTA) and to investigate whether bone resorption is increased in dairy cows under these conditions. EDTA infusions have been used as a model for periparturient paresis in dairy cows and to estimate the calcium mobilization rate from body reserves in ruminants. In this study, hypocalcemia was induced by means of a 5 % Na2EDTA infusion (0.55 mg/kg/min Na2EDTA for 5 h = total dose of 100.6 g). Two experiments were conducted: (1) Six 4–11 years‐old Brown Swiss cows were infused intravenously with EDTA for 5 h. Blood and urine samples were taken repeatedly from 1 day before until 10 days after infusion. (2) Towards the end of the lactation, the experiment was repeated with the same animals after a 14‐day‐period of feeding a low calcium diet (26 g/animal per day). The EDTA‐infusion induced hypocalcemia and hypophosphatemia. The HYP‐, DPD‐ and ICTP‐concentration remained mainly unaffected during both infusions. Only DPD showed an increase during infusion and HYP an increase 2 days after the infusion. In conclusion, the EDTA infusion had little effect on the concentrations of the measured bone markers, which may be due to the fact that the serum calcium pool was refilled by increased absorption of Ca via the gastrointestinal tract. From these results, it can be concluded that bone resorption was not influenced by EDTA infusion.
Differential Electrocardiographic Study on Iberica and Duroc Breeds of Pig during Physical Maturation
Authors: Fernåndez P. , Castejón F. M. , Agüera E. I. , Escribano B. , Rubio M. D. 
Published: March 2003

SummarySequential electrocardiograms were taken of 50 pigs (25 Iberica and 25 Duroc), from the ages of 5 days to 205 days. The records were analysed to establish the normal values of the different electrocardiographic intervals (RR, QRS, QT, TQ and ST intervals), the diastole/systole quotient and heart score in the first 7 months of life, as well as age‐related electrocardiographic variations. In addition, it was intended to determine which of these two breeds showed the greater heart recovery capacity. Finally, positive or negative correlations between the RR interval and the electrocardiographic incidents studied were analysed. The mean values obtained for the electrocardiographic parameters were similar in the two breeds and increased with their physical maturity. Analysis of the correlation between the duration of the heart cycle and the different electrocardiographic incidents showed a positive and significant correlation, ther‐values being higher for the RR interval—TQ interval correlation.There was very little correlation between RR interval and heart score in Duroc pigs and practically no correlation between the RR interval and the QRS interval in either breed.