bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Tin Protoporphyrin on the Excretion Rate of Carbon Monoxide in Newborn Rats After Hematoma Formation
Authors: Posselt Andrew M. , Cowan Barrett E. , Kwong Linda K. , Vreman Hendrik J. , Stevenson David K. 
Published: January 2024

SummaryThis study evaluated the efficacy of tin protoporphyrin (TP), a competitive inhibitor of heme oxygenase, in suppressing the total body excretion rate of carbon monoxide (CO), an index of total bilirubin formation, in neonatal rats with artificially created hematomas. Wistar rat litters less than 12 h old were each divided into three groups of similar weight and treated as follows: (a) saline control (S); (b) hematoma, 80 μl blood (H); (c) TP, 65 (μmol/kg, and hematoma (TP H). CO excretion of the H group increased rapidly after hematoma formation, reaching a maximum value of 79 ± 4 SE μl/kg/h 25 h later. Treatment with TP did not affect the pattern of CO excretion or its magnitude (78 ± 2 SE μl/kg/h, 25 h posthematoma). The S group showed no increase in CO excretion at this time (40 ± 2 SE μl/kg/h). At the conclusion of the experiment (45 h posthematoma), the plasma total bilirubin levels were slightly lower in the TP H rats (1.0 ± 0.1 SE mg/dl) than in H rats (1.2 ± 0.1 SE mg/dl). The S rats had a plasma total bilirubin concentration of 0.8 ± 0.1 SE mg/ dl. The hepatic and splenic heme oxygenase activities were decreased by 61% (p < 0.001) and 48% (p < 0.05), respectively, in the TP H rats as compared to the H rats. The S and H rats had similar enzyme activities. The results of this study suggest that though single dose TP decreased tissue heme oxygenase activity, it did not significantly affect total bilirubin formation.
Long
Authors: Rosenthal Philip , Pesce Michael 
Published: January 2024

SummaryA case of Dlactic acidosis in a 2 1/2 year old child followed for 11 months is reported. The infant had previously undergone extensive small intestinal resection for midgut volvulus. Diagnosis was confirmed by measurement of plasma D lactate. Metabolic acidosis, increased anion gap, ataxia, and lethargy in patients with small intestinal resection warrant investigation for D lactic acidosis. The presumed etiology is absorption of Dlactic acid produced by bacterial fermentation of carbohydrate in the colon. Antibiotic treatment resulted in prompt resolution of symptoms in this case. Prospective and prolonged monitoring of acidosis in patients with small bowel resection is encouraged.
Absorption of a New Semielemental Diet in Infants with Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Canciani M. , Mastella G. 
Published: January 2024

Summary:A new semielemental formula made up of whey protein hydrolysate, medium‐chain triglyceride as 50% of fat, and glucose polymer was studied in 21 cystic fibrosis infants to determine whether its intestinal absorption was better than that of standard milk‐based formula. Each experiment lasted 10 days, during which the patient was fed for 5 days on one formula and immediately afterwards for 5 days on the alternative formula, without any pancreatic enzyme replacement. Fat and nitrogen absorption were assessed by 3‐day balance studies, stool fat was assayed by a modified Van de Kamer method, and stool nitrogen by an automatic method. Ten infants with very severely impaired digestive function (coefficient of fat absorption on normal diet ≤75%) showed a highly significant improvement in fat and nitrogen absorption, leading to a significant gain in weight when fed on semielemental diet compared with standard diet. No significant improvement was observed in fat and nitrogen absorption or in weight gain in the 11 infants with less severe malabsorption (coefficient of fat absorption on normal diet >75%). These results were obtained over a short period and have to be confirmed over a prolonged period of study with pancreatic enzyme supplementation. However, they suggest that such a semielemental diet should be effective for short‐term treatment in selected CF infants who have difficulty in starting to thrive adequately.
Postnatal Dependence of Plasma Copper and Zinc Levels on Gestational Age and Maturity Observed in Infants Fed a High Zinc Content Formula
Authors: Di Toro R. , Moro C. , Perrone L. , Rea F. , Gialanella G. , Grossi G. F. , Moro R. 
Published: January 2024

Summary:We studied the effect of gestational age and maturity on plasma zinc and copper levels at 10 and 120 days of age. The association of plasma zinc changes and body growth was also investigated. Infants were receiving a controlled intake of zinc and copper solely through a zinc‐supplemented formula (4.7 mg/L of zinc and 0.16 mg/L of copper). Twenty‐eight low‐birthweight infants (<2,500 g) having gestational ages ranging from 33 to 40 weeks [17 with an appropriate birthweight for gestational age (AGA) and 11 small for gestational age (SGA)] were enrolled in the present study. Measurements of plasma zinc and copper concentration, weight, length, head circumference, and tricipital and subscapular skinfolds were carried out at 10 and 120 days of age. Proton‐induced x‐ray fluorescence technique (PIXE) was used to assess copper and zinc concentrations. At 10 days of age a significant correlation between copper concentration and gestational age was found. At 120 days of age the copper concentration was higher than at 10 days and independent of gestational age and maturity (mean ± SEM = 116 ± 5 μg/dl). At 10 days of age no significant correlation between zinc content and gestational age was found (86 ± 4 μg/dl). The plasma zinc percent change over the period from 10 to 120 days of age was positively correlated with gestational age in the whole sample as well as in AGA and SGA infants separately. The value of gestational age at which the zinc percent change turns from negative to positive was 35.6 ± 0.7 weeks for AGA, 37.4 ± 0.5 weeks for SGA, and 36.2 ± 0.5 weeks for the whole sample. No significant correlation between the increments of the measured body features and the plasma zinc change was found. Length and weight velocities were similar in AGA and SGA infants. These observations indicate that the possibility of increasing plasma zinc level by zinc supplementation depends on gestational age and maturity.
Comparative Growth and Biochemical Response of Very Low Birthweight Infants Fed Own Mother's Milk, a Premature Infant Formula, or One of Two Standard Formulas
Authors: Cooper Peter A. , Rothberg Alan D. , Davies Victor A. , Argent Andrew C. 
Published: January 2024

Summary:Very low birthweight (VLBW) infants weighing < 1,600 g at birth were fed their own mother's milk (OMM) or randomly assigned to receive one of three formulas: a “humanized” formula (SF), a partially modified casein‐predominant cow's milk formula (CF), or a premature formula (PF). All infants were fed at 120 kcal/kg/day where possible, PF infants had significantly greater weight increments (28.0 g/day) than those on OMM (19.4 g/day), SF (18.9 g/day), and CF (18.2 g/day). Those on PF also had greater increments of length, head circumference, and skinfold thickness than those on the other two formulas and greater length increments than those on OMM. Dynamic skinfold measurements suggested that no infants accumulated excessive amounts of interstitial fluid. Infants on the two standard formulas had significantly greater base deficits, whereas those on CF also had higher urea values. Those on OMM had lower phosphate and higher alkaline phosphatase values than the other groups. Thus VLBW infants fed a premature formula had better growth and fewer biochemical problems than those on standard formulas, whereas supplementation of OMM may be necessary to ensure optimal growth and bone mineralization.
Type of Milk Substitute Influences Growth of the Gastrointestinal Tract in Artificially Reared Rat Pups
Authors: Tonkiss J. , Smart J. L. , Auestad N. S. , Edmond J. 
Published: January 2024

Summary:Growth of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract was studied in rat pups that were reared normally (motherreared, MR) or were artificially reared (AR) by intragastric infusion of milk substitutes from postnatal day 5. Two mitk substitutes were used: one high in carbohydrate and low in protein compared with rat's milk (Messer) and the other close in composition to rat's milk (Auestad). Pups reared on these formulae are termed ARM and ARA, respectively. Pups were killed at 7, 12, and 20 days for the determination of the wet and dry weights of stomach and caecum and the lengths of the small and large intestines (SI and LI). At 7 days AR pups showed deficits in several GI measures compared with MR rats. However, by 20 days they showed enhanced growth of various parts of the GI tract. Stomach weight was greatest in ARA rats; caecum weight was greater in AR than in MR rats; SI was longer in AR than MR rats, with the effect more pronounced in ARM rats. These effects were already evident, or becoming so, by 12 days. In an additional experiment, rats were AR on rat's milk from 5 to 12 days. Their GI tracts did not differ from MR, suggesting that the AR procedure per se was not responsible for the above GI growth effects.
Nephrolithiasis in Childhood Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Clark Joseph H. , Fitzgerald Joseph F. , Bergstein Jerry M. 
Published: January 2024

Summary:Six children with inflammatory bowel disease and nephrolithiasis are reported. Their mean age at the passage of the first stone was 12.5 years and the mean duration of active inflammatory bowel disease was 34.5 months. Four had ulcerative colitis and two had Crohn's disease. In three patients the onset of stone disease was associated with a flare in the bowel disease. Stone passage in four patients was accompanied by an increase in abdominal pain; three experienced gross hematuria. Stones from four of the patients were composed primarily of calcium phosphate; stones from the remaining patients contained uric acid and/or calcium oxalate. The pathogenesis of nephrolithiasis as it relates to inflammatory bowel disease is considered and an approach to therapy offered.
Fibrosarcoma in a Girl with Celiac Disease and IgA Deficiency
Authors: Verkasalo M. , Savilahti E. , Rapola J. , Wallgren E. I. 
Published: January 2024

Summary:A case of abdominal wall fibrosarcoma in a 17‐year‐old girl with celiac disease and IgA deficiency is described. Celiac disease was putatively diagnosed with intestinal biopsy at the age of 15 years when she came for hospital investigations because of IgA deficiency and recurrent respiratory infections. The tumor occurred at the age of 17 years during the gluten challenge performed for final diagnosis of celiac disease. Surgical excision, irradiation, and chemotherapy were initially successful. After 7 months, however, the tumor recurred. Reoperation and a new course of irradiation therapy coinciding with the reinstitution of a gluten‐free diet proved to be effective in tumor eradication. Nine years after the cessation of cancer treatment she is well and has two healthy children.
The Effects of Gaviscon and Metoclopramide in Gastroesophageal Reflux in Children
Authors: Forbes David , Hodgson Margaret , Hill Richard 
Published: January 2024

SummaryOral metoclopramide (0.5 mg/kg/24 h) and a liquid alginic acid‐antacid compound were administered to infants and children with gastroesophageal reflux (GER) in a double‐blind randomized controlled trial. The effect of medication was measured with 24‐h intraesophageal pH monitoring. Neither metoclopramide nor the alginic acid‐antacid compound decreased the frequency or duration of gastroesophageal reflux.
Course and Prognosis of Idiopathic Ulcerative Proctosigmoiditis in Young Patients
Authors: Mir‐Madjlessi Seid Hossein , Michener William M. , Farmer Richard G. 
Published: January 2024

SummaryThe course and prognosis of idiopathic ulcerative proctosigmoiditis were studied in 85 young patients whose symptoms had begun before the age of 21 (mean age at onset, 16 years), and the results were compared with those in adults with proctosigmoiditis. Data regarding extension of disease, available in 66 patients, allowed us to identify two groups of patients. Presenting symptoms were the same in both groups. In Group I (41 patients, 62%), the disease remained stable or did not extend beyond the descending colon. In Group II (25 patients, 38%), there was evidence of extension to the hepatic flexure or beyond. Extension was unpredictable in individual patients, but generally occurred within 5 years from the onset of symptoms (73%). The clinical course and prognosis were different in each group. In Group I, there were more females, the disease ran a milder course, and there were few complications. In Group II, there were relatively more males, the disease was more active and severe, and a high incidence of intestinal and extraintestinal complications was observed. Fifteen patients, all from Group II, required colectomy. The natural history of proctosigmoiditis in young patients is somewhat different from that in adults, being characterized by a greater tendency to proximal extension (38% vs. 10%). However, when the disease remains confined to the rectosigmoid region (or does not spread beyond the splenic flexure), the course and prognosis are no different than in adults.
Estimated and Measured Energy Content of Infant Formulas
Authors: De Curtis Mario , Senterre Jacques , Rigo Jacques 
Published: January 2024

SummaryThis study was undertaken to assess to what extent estimated energy content of 13 infant formulas was related to gross energy measured by bomb calorimetry. Measured gross energy exceeded significantly metaboliz‐able energy as claimed by the manufacturers by applying the classical Atwater's factors by about 12% (range, 6–17%). Measured gross energy also exceeded significantly gross energy calculated by applying either FAO/ WHO or our own values of heat combustion of nutrient by 6% (range, 3–9%) and 3.5% (range, 1–6%), respectively. It is concluded that for reasons of symmetry and simplicity, the labeling of the energy content of infant formulas should continue to be calculated by applying the classical Atwater's factors to the nutrient composition. However, when accurate energy balance studies are carried out, the energy content of the diet should be measured by bomb calorimetry rather than be estimated by applying conversion factors to claimed or determined nutrient composition.
Conversion of Thyroxine into Tri‐iodothyronine in Zinc Deficient Rat Liver
Authors: Fujimoto Shigehiro , Indo Yasuhiro , Higashi Akimasa , Matsuda Ichiro , Kashiwabara Norio , Nakashima Ichiro 
Published: January 2024

SummaryHepatic thyroxine (T4) to tri‐iodothyronine (T3) conversion was measured in six animal groups: Group A was fed a severe zinc‐deficient diet (1.98 ppm) for 5 weeks; group B was a pair‐fed control group for group A; group C was fed a less severe zinc‐deficient diet (6.10 ppm) for 5 weeks; group D was a pair‐fed control group for group C; group E was fed a zinc‐supplemented control diet (90.4 ppm) for 5 weeks; and group F was first fed the severe zinc‐deficient diet for 5 weeks and then placed on the zinc‐supplemented control diet until a body weight corresponding to the final weight of group E was obtained. Serum T3 and T4 levels and T4 to T3 conversion were significantly reduced in group A. A significant positive correlation was observed between T4 to T3 conversion and alcohol dehydrogenase (zinc‐metalloenzyme) activity in liver tissue from the six groups. Thus, it appeared that an appropriate amount of zinc might be one of the factors in thyroxine to tri‐iodothyronine conversion in liver tissue normally.
Prolonged Gastric Retention of a Swallowed Coin Following Pyloromyotomy
Authors: Fleisher Arlen G. , Holgersen Leif O. , Stanley‐Brown Edward G. , Mones Richard 
Published: January 2024

SummaryIngestion of foreign objects is a common problem in children 6 months to 3 years of age. Of swallowed objects reaching the stomach, 97% will pass through the remainder of the gastrointestinal tract (1). The following is a report of a child who had a pyloromyotomy for pyloric stenosis as an infant and had prolonged retention of a swallowed penny.
Prostaglandins in Disorders of the Intestinal Tract
Authors: Branski D. , Sharon P. , Abrahamov A. 
Published: January 2024

SummaryProstaglandins (PGs) are natural oxygenated products of polyunsaturated fatty acids. They have multiple effects on the gastrointestinal tract. Their major physiological roles in the intestine are the promotion of solute and water secretion and the control of bowel motility. Prostaglandins have a role in the pathogenesis of diarrhea in a wide spectrum of gastrointestinal disorders. The effects and the potential contribution of PGs in various gastrointestinal disorders are discussed, and therapeutic modalities in these disorders are reviewed.
Choledochal Cysts
Authors: Sherman P. , Kolster E. , Davies C. , Stringer D. , Weber J. 
Published: January 2024

SummaryOver a 12‐year period, 23 children were diagnosed as having choledochal cysts, of which 22 were type I and one was type II. The triad of right upper‐quadrant abdominal pain, right upper‐quadrant abdominal mass, and cholestatic jaundice was present in only four of 23 (17%). Mean time from the onset of symptoms to establishing the correct diagnosis was 20 months, and in one child the diagnosis was established only at autopsy. Six children had histologic evidence of biliary cirrhosis, and three developed portal hypertension despite surgical intervention. Both ultrasonography of the abdomen and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) were useful methods in establishing the diagnosis, but both tests did result in false negatives. Choledochal cysts are treatable causes of cholestatic jaundice in infants and children, but the intermittent and variable nature of their presentation renders clinical diagnosis difficult.
Prolonged and Recurring Diarrhea in the Northeast of Brazil
Authors: McAuliffe Jay F. , Shields David S. , de Sousa Maria Auxiliadora , Sakell Janet , Schorling John , Guerrant Richard L. 
Published: January 2024

SummaryFrom prospective daily surveillance of diarrhea in a poor rural area of northeastern Brazil, this study of prolonged diarrheal episodes identified the 3% of diarrheal episodes that lasted 15 days or longer. These episodes also defined a subpopulation of children who spent over 16% of their days with diarrhea. Such children warrant further attention in an attempt to define potentially treatable causes as well as to assure appropriate nutritional support. There was no single season for these prolonged illnesses, but they appeared to involve both the wet, slightly warmer season of peak enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli diarrhea as well as the dry, slightly cooler season of peak rotaviral infections. Limited etiologic data support this idea that multiple pathogens are found, often in combination with each other, that may work together to contribute to the important problem of chronic diarrhea. Future studies should focus attention on further defining risk factors, mechanisms, and appropriate therapy for the subset of children who experience prolonged diarrhea in this type of setting.
Cutaneous Polyarteritis Nodosa in a Patient With Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Volk Donna M. , Owen Lafayette G. 
Published: January 2024

SummarySkin disease is common in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Described herein is a child with ulcerative colitis and cutaneous polyarteritis nodosa. Review of the literature suggests cutaneous polyarteritis must be considered as another skin lesion associated with inflammatory bowel disease. Cutaneous polyarteritis tends to run a chronic relapsing course independent of bowel disease, however.
Disease Specificity and Dynamics of Changes in IgA Class Anti‐endomysial Antibodies in Celiac Disease
Authors: Kapuscinska Alicja , Zalewski Tadeusz , Chorzelski Tadeusz P. , Sulej Jadwiga , Beutner Ernst H. , Kumar Vijay , Rossi Thomas 
Published: January 2024

SummaryWe evaluated the sensitivity and kinetics of serum IgA class anti‐endomysial antibodies in the diagnosis of celiac disease (CD) as established by the criteria of the European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition (ESPGAN). Eighty‐four cases that satisfied the ESPGAN criteria for CD were evaluated for IgA‐EmA titers during various phases of establishing the diagnosis. Thirty‐three cases were infants and children <5 years of age undergoing intestinal biopsies for symptoms of CD and 51 were previously diagnosed adults. Of the 33 children, 11 were untreated and symptomatic and were IgA‐EmA positive at initial presentation. Twenty‐two children previously controlled on a gluten‐free diet (GFD) exhibited IgA‐EmA titers during gluten challenge. Furthermore, the antibody levels declined in all cases (usually to negative) when the patients were again placed on a GFD for 6–12 months. Changes in intestinal histopathology paralleled the changes in antibody tilers in six cases undergoing serial biopsies. Of the 51 adult patients with proven CD who were prescribed a GFD for at least 12 monlhs, IgA‐EmA were detected in 10 cases who were noncompliant to their GFD, whereas the antibodies was found in only 1 of the remaining 41 patients striclly adhering to their diet. The sera of 140 aged‐matched children wilh various inleslinal problems, 87 healthy adults, and 67 patients with dermatological diseases served as controls and were also IgA‐EmA negative. On the basis of these findings, we suggest a role for the IgA‐EmA as a serological screening test for active CD. It further offers the potential for monitoring compliance to diet in established cases of CD and also indicates the proper timing for biopsy in patients undergoing evaluation of CD.
Intestinal Permeability to [51Cr]EDTA in Children with Crohn's Disease and Celiac Disease
Authors: Turck D. , Ythier H. , Maquet E. , Deveaux M. , Marchandise X. , Farriaux J. P. , Fontaine G. 
Published: January 2024

Summary[51Cr]EDTA was used as a probe molecule to assess intestinal permeability in 7 healthy control adults. 11 control children, 17 children with Crohn's disease, and 6 children with untreated celiuc disease. After subjects fasted overnight. 75 kBq/kg (=2 μCi/kg) 51Cr‐labeled EDTA was given by mouth; 24‐h urinary excretion of [51Cr]EDTA was measured and expressed as a percentage of the total oral dose. Mean and SD were as follows: control adults 1.47 ± 0.62, control children 1.59 ± 0.55, and patients with Crohn's disease or celiac disease 5.35 ± 1.94. The difference between control children and patients was statistically significant (p < 0.001). These results show that intestinal permeability to [51Cr]EDTA is increased among children with active or inactive Crohn's disease affecting small bowel only or small bowel and colon, and with untreated celiac disease. The [51Cr]EDTA permeability test could facilitate the decision to perform more extensive investigations in children suspected of small bowel disease who have atypical or poor clinical and biological symptomatology.
Discriminant Analysis for the Diagnosis of Childhood Celiac Disease
Authors: Greco Luigi , Troncone Riccardo , De Vizia Basilio , Poggi Vincenzo , Mayer Marina , Grimaldi Massimo 
Published: January 2024

SummaryA new statistical approach to the analysis of laboratory data has been introduced to optimize the use of absorption tests and gliadin antibody measurement for the diagnosis of childhood celiac disease. Serum anti‐gliadin antibodies, as well as blood xylose, iron, and try‐glycerides after oral load, were evaluated in 40 celiac children and 43 age‐matched patients affected by other gastrointestinal diseases. Each test evaluated individually gave a considerable rate of false‐positive and false‐negative results. Discriminant coefficients produced for each test were used to compute a score that allowed correct classification of 99% of patients; 2.3% of false‐positive and no false‐negative results were recorded. This approach improves significantly the overall sensitivity and specificity for celiac disease of these laboratory tests and we propose its use for screening patients to be submitted to jejunal biopsy.