bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A STATISTICAL MECHANICS FRAMEWORK FOR MULTIPARTICLE PRODUCTION IN HIGH ENERGY HADRON REACTIONS
Authors: BUCCELLA F. , POPOVA L. 
Published: January 2003

We deduce the particle distributions in particle collisions with multihadron-production in the framework of mechanical statistics. They are derived as functions of x, [Formula: see text] and the rest mass of different species for a fixed total number of all produced particles, inelasticity and total transverse energy. For PT larger than the mass of each particle, we have [Formula: see text] Values of <PT>π, <PT>K and [Formula: see text] in agreement with experiment are found by taking TH = 180 MeV (the Hagedorn temperature).
Lithium Insertion into Carbonaceous Anode Materials Prepared by Electrolysis of Molten Li-K-Na Carbonates
Authors: Groult H. , Kaplan B. , Komaba S. , Kumagai N. , Gupta V. , Nakajima T. , Simon B. 
Published: January 2003

Carbon powders were prepared by electroreduction of molten lithium-sodium-potassium carbonates at 450°C. The influence of the potential and the heat-treatment after washing in HCl solution on their electrochemical performances when they are used as anode in Li-ions battery were studied. Correlation between the presence of surface disordering (Raman spectroscopy) and the presence H, Li, K, and Na on the outermost layer on the powder surface (secondary ion mass spectroscopy), and their electrochemical performances was pointed out: samples having both the higher surface disordering and the lower H, Li, K, and Na content on their surface exhibit the lowest electrochemical performances. The best results were obtained for carbon deposited at

−
2.4
V

vs.

CO

2

­

O

2

and heat-treated at 400°C: the reversible capacity obtained in 1 M

LiPF

6

-ethylene carbonate:diethyl carbonate:dimethyl carbonate is

1080

mAh g

−
1

(composition of

Li

2.9

C

6

)
.

This value is 2.9 times higher than the theoretical one observed with graphite

(
372

mAh g

−
1

,

composition of

LiC

6

)
.

The potential profile obtained in galvanostatic mode is intermediate between that usually observed for graphite and amorphous carbon, because in the potential range 1.5-0.3 V vs.

Li
/

Li

+

,

the potential profile shows rather continuous charge-discharge curves sloping, and between 0.3 and 0.02 V vs.

Li
/

Li

+

,

phase transformations between different stages occur successively as in the case of pure graphite. © 2002 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Deposition of SiO2 Layers on GaN by Photochemical Vapor Deposition
Authors: Chang Shoou-Jinn , Su Yan-Kuin , Chiou Yu-Zung , Chiou Jung-Ran , Huang Bohr-Ran , Chang Chia-Sheng , Chen Jone F. 
Published: January 2003

SiO

2

insulating layers were first deposited onto GaN by photochemical vapor deposition (photo-CVD) technology using a deuterium

(

D

2

)

lamp as the excitation source. Physical, chemical, and electrical characteristics of the

Al
/

SiO

2

/
GaN

metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS) capacitors are reported for the first time. It was also found that the limiting factor of

SiO

2

growth rate was the number of

SiH

4

and

O

2

molecules available to provide excited Si and O atoms. Furthermore, it was found from high-frequency capacitance-voltage measurements that the photo-CVD

SiO

2

/
n
­
GaN

interface state density,

D

it

,

was estimated to be

8.4
×

10

11

cm

−
2

eV

−
1

for the photo-CVD

SiO

2

layers prepared at 300°C. With an applied field of 4 MV/cm, the oxide leakage current density was found to be only

6.6
×

10

−
7

A
/

cm

2

.

© 2003 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
ACCESS TO THE SOURCE: CICERO, BEN SIRA, THE SEPTUAGINT AND THEIR AUDIENCES
Authors: Wright Benjamin 
Published: January 2003

AbstractThis article tries to apply some insights from the modern field of Translation Studies to the relationship between translation, source text and audience in Cicero, Sirach and the Septuagint. Cicero's very free translations are possible because his audience is able to read the Greek originals that he translates. Sirach's rather literal translation is the result of adopting an approach to the Hebrew text that the grandson found operative in the Septuagint, but he is not really trying to provide his audience access to the original Hebrew. The Septuagint translators were trying to give access to the Hebrew original by producing an "interlinear" translation, which could have originated in several social contexts.
EIN UNWETTER IN JERUSALEM Beobachtungen zu BJ 4:286-288
Authors: Höffken Peter 
Published: January 2003

AbstractIn BJ 4:286-288 Josephus is presenting an episode of the war: an inner-Jewish conflict between the people of Jerusalem and the Zealots. In this conflict the Idumeans join the party of the rebels. A stormy weather with earthquake is interpreted by both parties as a sign of an imminent action of God, who rescues Jerusalem and beats the enemies outside the city. The article argues for an interpretation of this theme on the background of the Zion-tradition with strong influences from the book of Isaiah (chap. 29 and 30).
REVERSAL, RECIDIVISM AND REWARD IN 3 MACCABEES: STRUCTURE AND PURPOSE
Authors:   Cousland
Published: January 2003

AbstractThis paper uses the literary phenomenon of reversal (peripeteia) to explore the purpose of 3 Maccabees. The peripeteia and its attendant reversals receive such emphasis that they produce a tableau resembling scenes of final judgement. They have, moreover, functions similar to those of final judgement scenarios, consoling the faithful and threatening the faithless. The presence of these features indicates that the purpose of 3 Maccabees is to promote orthopraxy within the expatriate community.
The first part-time economy in the world: a model to be followed?
Authors: Visser Jelle 
Published: January 2003

Cet article a posé et a répondu à quatre questions. Quel a été la cause de la diffusion rapide du travail à temps partiel aux Pays-Bas ? Comment a été évitée la marginalisation des travailleurs à temps partiel ? Est ce que l'actuel modèle d'un revenu et demi par ménage constitue une phase transitionnelle vers un modèle à deux revenus; ? et finalement l'exemple hollandais sera-t-il suivi par d'autres Etat Providences européens ? Cet article cherche à montrer que le modèle hollandais d'un revenu et demi n'a pas été le résultat d'une politique délibérément planifiée des gouvernements, des syndicats ou encore des employeurs mais plutôt le résultat des pressions venu d'en bas et de changements politiques les accompagnant. Le choix d'un travail à temps partiel est étroitement lié à l'arrivée tardive et rapide des femmes mariées sur le marché du travail et la pénurie de structures d'accueil des enfants dans ce qui n'était il n'y a pas si longtemps un Etat Providence fortement marqué par le modèle d'un seul revenu masculin.
Induction of CD4+/CD25+ regulatory T cells by targeting of antigens to immature dendritic cells
Authors: Mahnke Karsten , Qian Yingjie , Knop Jürgen , Enk Alexander H. 
Published: January 2003

AbstractCoupling of ovalbumin (OVA) to anti–DEC-205 monoclonal antibody (mAb) (αDEC) induced the proliferation of OVA-specific T cells in vivo. Expansion was short-lived, caused by dendritic cells (DCs), and rendered T cells anergic thereafter. Phenotypic analysis revealed the induction of CD25+/CTLA-4+ T cells suppressing proliferation and interleukin-2 (IL-2) production of effector CD4+ T cells. The findings were supported by 2 disease models: (1) CD4+ T-cell–mediated hypersensitivity reactions were suppressed by the injection of αDEC-OVA and (2) the application of hapten-coupled αDEC-205 reduced CD8+ T-cell–mediated allergic reactions. Thus, targeting of antigens to immature DCs through αDEC antibodies led to the induction of regulatory T cells, providing the basis for novel strategies to induce regulatory T cells in vivo.
Predictors of Biochemical Outcome With Salvage Conformal Radiotherapy After Radical Prostatectomy for Prostate Cancer
Authors: Katz Matthew S. , Zelefsky Michael J. , Venkatraman Ennapadam S. , Fuks Zvi , Hummer Amanda , Leibel Steven A. 
Published: January 2003

Purpose: To identify predictors of biochemical outcome following radiotherapy in patients with a rising prostate-specific antigen (PSA) after radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer. Patients and Methods: One hundred fifteen patients with a rising PSA after radical prostatectomy received salvage three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT) alone or with neoadjuvant androgen deprivation. Tumor-related and treatment-related factors were evaluated to identify predictors of subsequent PSA failure. Results: The median follow-up time after 3D-CRT was 42 months. The 4-year actuarial PSA relapse-free survival, distant metastasis-free survival, and overall survival rates were 46%, 83%, and 95%, respectively. Multivariate analysis, which was limited to 70 patients receiving radiation without androgen deprivation therapy, showed that negative/close margins (P = .03), absence of extracapsular extension (P < .01), and presence of seminal vesicle invasion (P < .01) were independent predictors of PSA relapse after radiotherapy. Neoadjuvant androgen deprivation did not improve the 4-year PSA relapse-free survival in patients with positive margins, extracapsular extension, and no seminal vesicle invasion (P = .24). However, neoadjuvant androgen deprivation did improve PSA relapse-free survival when one or more of these variables were absent (P = .03). Conclusions: Salvage 3D-CRT can provide biochemical control in selected patients with a rising PSA after radical prostatectomy. Among patients with positive margins and no poor prognostic features, 77% achieved PSA control after salvage 3D-CRT. Salvage neoadjuvant androgen deprivation therapy may improve short-term biochemical control, but it requires further study.
Continuous infusion versus intermittent administration of cefepime in patients with Gram-negative bacilli bacteraemia
Authors: Jaruratanasirikul Sutep , Sriwiriyajan Somchai , Ingviya Natnicha 
Published: January 2003

Abstract
The objective of this study was to compare the pharmacokinetics of cefepime administered by continuous infusion and intermittent injection regimens. A prospective, randomized, cross-over study of ten patients with Gram-negative bacilli bacteraemia was conducted. All patients were randomized to receive cefepime either as a 4-g continuous infusion over 24 h for 48 h or a 2-g bolus administered intermittently intravenously every 12 h for 48 h. After 48 h the patients received the alternative dose regimen. Cefepime pharmacokinetic studies were carried out during hours 36–48 after the start of both regimens. All of the pathogens isolated from the blood in 7 patients had a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) &lt; 1 μg mL−1. In both regimens, the serum cefepime concentrations at all time points were higher than the MIC for the pathogens isolated from this study. For the continuous infusion arm, the highest steady-state concentration was 49.80±18.40 μg mL−1 and the lowest steady-state concentration was 41.42±16.48 μg mL−1. The steady-state concentrations were greater than 4 times the MIC of 8 μg mL−1. For the intermittent injection regimen, the mean trough concentration was 4.74±3.99 μg mL−1. The mean serum cefepime concentration was above 8 μg mL−1 for 81.66% of the dosing interval. Therefore, we conclude that either continuous infusion or intermittent injection can be used as an effective mode of cefepime administration to achieve bactericidal activity.
The effect of the isomers of cyclo(Trp-Pro) on heart and ion-channel activity
Authors: Jamie Hajierah , Kilian Gareth , Dyason Karin , Milne Pieter J 
Published: January 2003

Abstract
Cyclo(l-Trp-l-Pro) has shown potential for use in the treatment of cardiovascular dysfunction. The aim of the study was to determine the effects of the isomers of cyclo(Trp-Pro) - cyclo(l-Trp-l-Pro), cyclo(l-Trp-d-Pro), cyclo(d-Trp-l-Pro) and cyclo(d-Trp-d-Pro) - on heart and ion-channel activity. The effects on L-type Ca2+-channel, Na+-channel and inward rectifier K+-channel activity were determined by using the whole-cell patch-clamp technique on myocytes of guinea-pig origin. Dependence on the membrane potential in terms of Ca2+-channel activity was also investigated. A modified Langendorff method was used to determine the effects of the isomers on heart rate, coronary flow, duration of ventricular tachycardia and arrhythmia, time to sinus rhythm and QRS interval on the rat isolated heart. Cyclo(l-Trp-l-Pro), cyclo(l-Trp-d-Pro) and cyclo(d-Trp-d-Pro), 100 μm, showed agonism towards Ca2+-channel activity, while cyclo(d-Trp-l-Pro) caused a blockage of the current. The action of cyclo(d-Trp-l-Pro) was shown to be independent of membrane potential. No significant effect (P &gt; 0.05) on the inward rectifier K+ current was observed in the presence of cyclo(l-Trp-d-Pro) and cyclo(d-Trp-d-Pro), while antagonism was noted in the presence of cyclo(l-Trp-l-Pro) and cyclo(d-Trp-l-Pro). All isomers showed antagonist effects on the Na+ channel. No adverse effects were noted on chronotropic effects in the presence of 200 μm cyclo(l-Trp-l-Pro) and cyclo(d-Trp-d-Pro) (P &gt; 0.05), while cyclo(l-Trp-d-Pro) significantly increased the heart rate. Cyclo(d-Trp-l-Pro) significantly reduced the heart rate (P &lt; 0.05). In addition, no significant effects were observed on the coronary flow rate in the presence of the isomers. All isomers significantly reduced the duration of ventricular tachycardia and arrhythmia, as well as the time to sinus rhythm. Furthermore, no change in the QRS intervals was noted in the presence of the isomers in comparison with the control, with a significant increase being noted for cyclo(d-Trp-d-Pro) (P &lt; 0.05) in reference to the other isomers. The isomers thus show antiarrhythmic potential and may manifest as novel agents in the treatment of cardiovascular dysfunction, since a decrease in ventricular fibrillation may reduce the mortality rates in acute myocardial infarction.
Aspirin and sodium salicylate inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis in rheumatoid synovial cells
Authors: Yamazaki Ryuta , Kusunoki Natsuko , Matsuzaki Takeshi , Hashimoto Shusuke , Kawai Shinichi 
Published: January 2003

Abstract
Aspirin has been reported to induce apoptosis in a variety of cell lines. In this study, we examined whether aspirin and sodium salicylate inhibit cell growth and induce apoptosis in rheumatoid synovial cells. Synovial cells were obtained from patients with rheumatoid arthritis, and the cells were treated with aspirin or sodium salicylate (0.1–10 mm) for 24 h. Cell proliferation and viability were assessed by 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine incorporation and by 4-[3-(4-iodophenyl)-2-(4-nitrophenyl)-2H-5-tetrazolio]-1,3-benzene disulfonate (WST-1) assay, respectively. The apoptosis of synovial cells was identified by DNA fragmentation assay and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labelling (TUNEL) assay. Aspirin and sodium salicylate suppressed the proliferation (IC50 (concentration causing 50% inhibition of cell proliferation): 2.1 and 1.2 mm, respectively) and reduced the viability (IC50: 2.0 and 1.4 mm respectively) of synovial cells in a concentration-dependent manner at 0.3–10 mm. Furthermore, they induced DNA fragmentation and increased the number of TUNEL- positive synovial cells. These results suggest that aspirin and sodium salicylate can inhibit the proliferation of rheumatoid synovial cells through induction of apoptosis.
Topical delivery of plasmid DNA using biphasic lipid vesicles (Biphasix)
Authors: Babiuk Shawn , Baca-Estrada Maria E , Pontarollo Reno , Foldvari Marianna 
Published: January 2003

Abstract
The development of non-invasive methods for the delivery of vaccines through the skin will greatly improve the safety and the administration of human and veterinary vaccines. In this study we examined the efficiency of topical delivery of plasmids by assessing the localization of gene expression using luciferase as a reporter gene and induction of immune responses using a plasmid encoding for the bovine herpesvirus type-1 glycoprotein D (pgD). Topical administration of plasmids in a lipid-based delivery system (biphasic lipid vesicles – Biphasix) resulted in gene expression in the lymph node, whereas with intradermal injection, antigen expression was found in the skin. Following administration of plasmid with the gene gun, antigen expression was observed in both the skin as well as in the draining lymph nodes. Transcutaneous immunization with pgD formulated in biphasic lipid vesicles elicited gD-specific antibody responses and a Th2-type cellular response. In contrast, immunization by the intradermal route resulted in the stimulation of a Th1-type response. These findings have implications for both vaccine design and tailoring of specific immune responses.
Autoantibodies to malondialdehyde-modified low-density lipoprotein in patients with angiographically confirmed coronary artery disease
Authors: McDowell A , Young I S , Wisdom G B 
Published: January 2003

Abstract
Oxidised low-density lipoprotein (LDL) has physicochemical properties that are pivotal in atherosclerotic plaque formation. As a consequence, antioxidant regimens may prove an important therapy in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease. Since oxidised LDL is immunogenic, the aims of our study were to measure serum IgG titres to malondialdehyde-modified LDL (MDA-LDL) in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and control subjects and assess their potential as a clinical marker for coronary atherosclerosis and, consequently, antioxidant intervention. Serum IgG titres to MDA-LDL were measured in patients with angiographically confirmed CAD (n = 40) and aged-matched controls (n = 40) by enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA). Titres were calculated and expressed as both the difference and the ratio of blanked absorbance units (AU) for IgG binding to MDA-LDL and native LDL. For the control population, median IgG titres were 0.26 AU (interquartile range (IQR) 0.20–0.46 AU) and 5.34 (IQR 3.40–8.58), respectively, while the patient population had median IgG titres of 0.30 AU (IQR 0.20–0.47 AU) and 5.08 (IQR 3.30–9.66), respectively. Both sets of calculated titre values were not significantly different between the two groups (P = 0.60 and 0.82, respectively). In conclusion, this study could not establish any significant association between circulating autoantibody titres to MDA-LDL and coronary atherosclerosis. Therefore, the diagnostic value of autoantibodies to oxidised LDL remains unclear.
Biorelevant dissolution testing of St John's wort products
Authors: Westerhoff Kerstin , Kaunzinger Astrid , Wurglics Mario , Dressman Jennifer , Schubert-Zsilavecz Manfred 
Published: January 2003

Abstract
In contrast to chemically defined drugs, most herbal medicinal products (HMPs) are poorly characterized in terms of their pharmaceutical properties. In many cases it is assumed that the plant extract as a whole is the active moiety, since it is often difficult to identify the individual components responsible for the pharmacological activity and even more difficult to assess synergies among the various components. However, where the active components have been identified, it should be possible to compare products with respect not only to content uniformity but also to their biopharmaceutical properties. The aim of this study was to investigate and compare the dissolution characteristics of several St John's wort products under biorelevant conditions. Components of St John's wort known, or suspected, to play a role in its antidepressant activity include phloroglucines, naphthodianthrones and the flavonoids. Since these groups have a broad spectrum of polarity and solubility, dissolution was studied for representative compounds from each group. Although the labelling indicates that several of the products studied should be pharmaceutically equivalent, dissolution under biorelevant conditions revealed that they have quite different release profiles and cannot be considered switchable. It was concluded that biorelevant dissolution testing can be a powerful tool for comparing HMPs as well as synthetically produced drug products.
Metabolism and excretion of centbutindole (neuroleptic) in rats after oral administration
Authors: Issar M , Singh S K , Madhusudanan K P , Mishra B , Gupta R C 
Published: January 2003

Abstract
The metabolism and excretion of centbutindole was studied in Sprague-Dawley rats after oral administration. The percentage of dose excreted was monitored over 4 days. Efforts were also directed towards evaluating the stability of centbutindole in various in-vitro biomatrices. Centbutindole was found to be metabolised in rats and only a negligible amount of parent drug was excreted. The percentage of the dose excreted in bile and faeces was 0.2% and 0.6%, respectively. No drug was found in urine after oral administration, but after an intravenous dose only 0.0012% of the dose was eliminated through urine. Two metabolites, dealkylated metabolite and hydroxy metabolite, were identified by ion spray LC/MS/MS, using a combination of parent ion and product ion scanning techniques. The major routes of metabolism of centbutindole include reduction of the carbonyl functional group in the butyrophenone side chain and N-dealkylation of the butyrophenone side chain attached to the pyrazinopyridoindole ring nitrogen at position 2. The hydroxy metabolite was excreted negligibly in bile, although it was present in the form of glucuronide conjugates more in comparison to its free form.
Effects of acute renal failure induced by uranyl nitrate on the pharmacokinetics of intravenous theophylline in rats: the role of CYP2E1 induction in 1,3-dimethyluric acid formation
Authors: Yu Su Yeon , Chung Hye Chin , Kim Eun Jung , Kim So Hee , Lee Inchull , Kim Sang Geon , Lee Myung Gull 
Published: January 2003

Abstract
In rats with acute renal failure induced by uranyl nitrate, the hepatic microsomal cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2E1 and CYP3A23 increased 2–4- and 4-times, respectively, CYP2C11 decreased to 80% of control, but the levels of CYP1A2 and CYP2B1/2 were not changed. It has been reported that theophylline was metabolized to 1,3-dimethyluric acid by CYP1A2 and CYP2E1 and 1-methylxanthine via CYP1A2, which was metabolized further to 1-methyluric acid via xanthine oxidase in rats. Hence, it was expected that the formation of 1,3-dimethyluric acid would show an increase in rats with renal failure as a result of induction of CYP2E1. The pharmacokinetics of theophylline were compared in control rats and rats with renal failure after intravenous administration of aminophylline, 5 mg kg−1 as theophylline. In rats with renal failure, the plasma concentrations of theophylline were considerably lower and the resultant total area under the plasma concentration-time curve from time zero to time infinity (AUC0-∞) of theophylline was significantly smaller (2200 vs 1550 μg min mL−1) compared with control rats. In rats with renal failure, the plasma concentrations of 1,3-dimethyluric acid were considerably higher and the resultant AUC0–6 h of 1,3-dimethyluric acid was significantly greater (44.4 vs 456 μg min mL−1) compared with control rats. Moreover, the AUC0–6 h, 1,3-dimethyluric acid/ AUC0–∞, theophylline ratio increased from 2.02% in control rats to 29.4% in rats with renal failure. The in-vitro intrinsic 1,3-dimethyluric acid formation clearance was significantly faster in rats with renal failure (734 vs 529 10−6 mL min−1) compared with control rats using hepatic microsomal fraction. The results led us to conclude that in rats with uranyl nitrate-induced renal failure after the administration of aminophylline, 5 mg kg−1 as theophylline, there was an increase in the formation of 1,3-dimethyluric acid as a result of an increase in CYP2E1 expression.