bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Frequency and severity of mastocytemia in dogs with and without mast cell tumors: 120 cases (1995–1997)
Authors: McManus Patricia M. 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To elucidate frequency of detection on blood smears and severity on quantitative buffy coat evaluation of mastocytemia between dogs without mast cell tumors (MCT) and dogs that had MCT, and to expand the list of diseases associated with mastocytemia in dogs without MCT.

Design
Retrospective study.

Animals
94 dogs without MCT and 26 dogs with MCT.

Procedure
Medical records of all dogs with mast cells detected on blood or buffy coat smears during a 2-year period were reviewed. Dogs with mastocytemia were grouped by disease into dogs with MCT and dogs without MCT. Twenty-five of the dogs without MCT that had mast cells detected on blood smears also had evaluations of buffy coat smears. Quantitative buffy coat results of the 25 dogs without MCT were compared with those of the 26 dogs with MCT.

Results
95.5% of blood smears with mast cells detected during CBC determination were from dogs without MCT. For these dogs, diagnoses included inflammatory disease (28.2%), regenerative anemia (27%), neoplasia other than MCT (25.9%), and trauma (11.8%). Dogs with MCT had a mean of 71.4 mast cells/buffy coat smear, whereas dogs without MCT had a mean of 276.2 mast cells/buffy coat smear. The 2 highest counts of mast cells/buffy coat smear were for dogs without MCT.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance
On the basis of results of quantitative buffy coat evaluations, severity of mastocytemia in dogs without MCT often exceeds that detected during tumor staging in dogs with MCT. Random detection of mast cells in blood smears during CBC determination in dogs is usually not secondary to MCT. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1999; 215:355–357)
Drug disposition and dosage determination of once daily administration of gentamicin sulfate in horses after abdominal surgery
Authors: Tudor Rebecca A. , Papich Mark G. , Redding W. Rich 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To evaluate pharmacokinetics of once daily IV administration of gentamicin sulfate to adult horses that had abdominal surgery.

Design
Prospective study.

Animals
28 adult horses that underwent abdominal surgery for colic.

Procedure
14 horses were treated with each dosage of gentamicin (ie, 6.6 or 4 mg/kg, IV, q 24 h) and blood samples were collected for pharmacokinetic analysis. Plasma gentamicin concentrations were measured by use of a fluorescence polarization immunoassay. Pharmacokinetic analysis measured the elimination half-life, volume of distribution, and gentamicin total systemic clearance. Treatment outcome, CBC, and serum creatinine concentrations were recorded.

Results
1 horse in the high-dosage group died. All other horses successfully recovered, and did not develop bacterial infection or have evidence of drug toxicosis resulting in renal injury. Mean pharmacokinetic variables for gentamicin administration at a high or low dosage (ie, 6.6 or 4 mg/kg, IV, q 24 h) were half-life of 1.47 and 1.61 hours, volume of distribution of 0.17 and 0.17 L/kg, and systemic clearance of 1.27 and 1.2 ml/kg/min, respectively. Mean serum creatinine concentration was 1.74 and 1.71 for the high and low dosages, respectively, and serum creatinine concentration was not correlated with gentamicin clearance.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance
Gentamicin administration at a dosage of 4 mg/kg, IV, every 24 hours, will result in plasma concentrations that are adequate against susceptible bacteria with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of ≤ 2.0 μg/ml. Gentamicin administration at a calculated dosage of 6.8 mg/kg, IV, every 24 hours will result in optimum plasma concentrations against susceptible bacteria with a MIC of ≤ 4.0 μg/ml. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1999;215:503–506)
Diagnosis of disseminated intravascular coagulation in dogs admitted to an intensive care unit
Authors: Bateman Shane W. , Mathews Karol A. , Abrams-Ogg Anthony C. G. , Lumsden John H. , Johnstone Ian B. , Hillers Thomas K. , Foster Robert A. 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To describe and evaluate hemostatic function in critically ill dogs with clinical signs of diseases that predispose to disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC).

Design
Prospective case series.

Animals
59 critically ill dogs (affected dogs) with clinical signs of diseases known to predispose to DIC and 52 clinically normal dogs (control dogs).

Procedure
Activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), prothrombin time (PT), thrombin clotting time (TCT), plasma fibrinogen concentration, serum concentration of fibrin and fibrinogen-related antigens (FRA), and plasma antithrombin III (AT III) activity were determined for all dogs. Results from affected dogs were compared with those of control dogs. In some affected dogs, postmortem tissue specimens were examined for evidence of microvascular thrombosis. A diagnosis of DIC was made by fulfilling at least 3 of the following criteria: 1) abnormal aPTT, PT, or TCT value, 2) low plasma fibrinogen concentration, 3) low plasma AT III activity, 4) high serum FRA concentration, or 5) low platelet count. To evaluate the severity of hemostatic dysfunction, 3 arbitrary categories (mild, moderate, and severe) were proposed.

Results
A diagnostic strategy based on moderate hemostatic dysfunction identified DIC in 16 of 59 (27.1%) affected dogs. The AT III activity was < 70% in 15 of 16 dogs with DIC. Microvascular thrombosis was observed in tissue specimens from 7 of 8 affected dogs. Serum FRA and plasma fibrinogen concena did not contribute in establishing a diagnosis of DIC.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance
A diagnosis of DIC can be made when hemostatic dysfunction is moderate in dogs with clinical signs of diseases associated with DIC. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1999;215:798–804).
clinical signs associated with brain tumors in dogs: 97 cases (1992–1997)
Authors: Bagley Rodney S. , Gavin Patrick R. , Moore Michael P. , Silver Gena M. , Harrington Michael L. , Connors Rebecca L. 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To determine the prevalence of various clinical signs in dogs with brain tumors.

Design
Retrospective study.

Animals
97 dogs with brain tumors.

Procedure
Medical records were reviewed for signalment, tumor type and location, and clinical signs.

Results
33 breeds were represented; Golden Retrievers were most commonly affected. Most dogs were older (median age, 9 years); 95% of dogs were ≥ 5 years old. Seventy-six percent of dogs had tumors in the supratentorial region. Seizures were the most common clinical sign at initial examination, with lower prevalence for circling, ataxia, and head tilt. Meningioma was the most common tumor.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance
Brain tumors develop most often in dogs ≥ 5 years old and are uncommon in dogs < 5 years old. Seizures are a common clinical sign, and a brain tumor should be considered in dogs that have their first seizure after they are 4 years old. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1999;215:818–819)
Comparison of ketoprofen and carprofen administered prior to orthopedic surgery for control of postoperative pain in dogs
Authors: Grisneaux Emmanuelle , Pibarot Philippe , Dupuis Jacques , Blais Diane 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To compare analgesic and adverse effects of ketoprofen and carprofen when used to control pain associated with elective orthopedic surgeries in dogs.

Design
Prospective randomized clinical trial.

Animals
93 client-owned dogs: 46 undergoing reconstruction of the cranial cruciate ligament, 47 undergoing femoral head and neck excision, and 15 control dogs anesthetized for radiographic procedures.

Procedure
Dogs undergoing surgery were randomly given ketoprofen, carprofen, or saline (0.9% NaCl) solution, SC, prior to surgery. Pain score and serum cortisol concentration were recorded for 12 hours after surgery for all dogs. When pain score was ≥ 7, oxymorphone was administered IM. Bleeding time was measured prior to and during surgery.

Results
The proportion of dogs that required oxymorphone was significantly higher for the carprofen and placebo groups than for the ketoprofen group. Pain score for the placebo group was significantly higher than for the ketoprofen and carprofen groups, 2,8, and 9 hours after surgery. Cortisol concentration was significantly higher for the placebo group than for the carprofen group at 4 and 6 hours after surgery. Significant differences were not detected between ketoprofen and carprofen groups with respect to pain score and cortisol concentration. Bleeding time was significantly longer for the ketoprofen group than for the other groups during surgery. One dog treated with ketoprofen developed a hematoma at the surgical site.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance
Ketoprofen and carprofen given prior to surgery were effective for postoperative pain relief in dogs. However, ketoprofen should not be used when noncompressible bleeding may be a problem. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1999;215:1105–1110)
Effect of oral melatonin administration on sex hormone, prolactin, and thyroid hormone concentrations in adult dogs
Authors: Ashley Patricia F. , Frank Linda A. , Schmeitzel Lynn P. , Bailey Elizabeth M. , Oliver Jack W. 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To determine the effect of oral melatonin (MT) administration on serum concentrations of sex hormones, prolactin, and thyroxine in dogs.

Design
Prospective study.

Animals
8 male and 8 female adult sexually intact dogs.

Procedure
5 male and 5 female dogs were treated with MT (1.0 to 1.3 mg/kg [0.45 to 0.59 mg/lb] of body weight), PO, every 12 hours for 28 days; the other 6 dogs were used as controls. Blood samples were collected on days 0, 14, and 28, and serum concentrations of estradiol-17β, progesterone, testosterone, androstenedione, 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17-HP), dihydroepiandrostenedione sulfate (DHEAS), prolactin, and thyroxine were determined. On day 5, serum MT concentrations were measured before and periodically for up to 8 hours after MT administration in 4 treated dogs.

Results
Female dogs treated with MT had significant decreases in serum estradiol, testosterone, and DHEAS concentrations between days 0 and 28. Male dogs treated with MT had significant decreases in serum estradiol and 17-HP concentrations between days 0 and 28. Serum MT concentrations increased significantly after MT administration and remained high for at least 8 hours. Prolactin and thyroxine concentrations were unaffected by treatment.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance
Melatonin is well absorbed following oral administration and may alter serum sex hormone concentrations. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1999;215:1111–1115)
Effects of intramuscular administration of low doses of medetomidine and medetomidine-butorphanol in middle-aged and old dogs
Authors: Muir William W. , Ford Jennifer L. , Karpa Gladys E. , Harrison Earl E. , Gadawski Jennifer E. 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To determine effects of low doses of medetomidine administered with and without butorphanol and glycopyrrolate to middle-aged and old dogs.

Design
Prospective randomized clinical trial.

Animals
88 healthy dogs ≥ 5 years old.

Procedure
Dogs were assigned randomly to receive medetomidine (2, 5, or 10 pa/kg [0.9, 2.3, or 4.6 μg/lb] of body weight, IM) alone or with glycopyrrolate (0.01 mg/kg [0.005 mg/Ib], SC), medetomidine (10 μg/kg) and butorphanol (0.2 mg/kg [0.1 mg/lb], IM), or medetomidine (10 μg/kg), butorphanol (0.2 mg/kg), and glycopyrrolate (0.01 mg/kg). Anesthesia was induced with thiopental sodium and maintained with isoflurane. Degree of sedation and analgesia were determined before and after medetomidine administration. Respiratory rate, heart rate, and mean arterial blood pressure were determined 10 and 30 minutes after medetomidine administration. Adverse effects and amounts of thiopental and isoflurane used were recorded.

Results
Sedation increased after medetomidine administration in 79 of 88 dogs, but decreased in 7 dogs that received 2 or 5 μg of medetomidine/kg. Mean postsedation analgesia score and amounts of thiopental and isoflurane used were less in dogs that received medetomidine and butorphanol, compared with other groups. Respiratory rate, heart rate, and blood pressure were not different among groups. Significantly more adverse effects developed in dogs that did not receive glycopyrrolate.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance
Administration of medetomidine (10 μg/kg, IM) and butorphanol (0.2 mg/kg, IM) induced sedation and analgesia and reduced amounts of thiopental and isoflurane required for anesthesia in middle-aged and old dogs. Glycopyrrolate decreased frequency of medetomidine-associated adverse effects. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1999;215:1116–1120)
Serum fructosamine concentration in cats with overt hyperthyroidism
Authors: Reusch Claudia E. , Tomsa Kamil 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To determine the effect of hyperthyroidism on serum fructosamine concentration in cats.

Design
Cohort study.

Animals
22 cats with overt hyperthyroidism.

Procedure
Hyperthyroidism was diagnosed on the basis of clinical signs, detection of a palpable thyroid gland, and high total serum thyroxine (T4) concentrations. Hyperthyroid cats with abnormal serum albumin, total protein, and glucose concentrations were excluded from the study. Samples for determination of serum fructosamine concentration were obtained prior to initiating treatment. Results were compared with fructosamine concentrations in healthy cats, cats in which diabetes had recently been diagnosed, and cats with hypoproteinemia. In 6 cats, follow-up measurements were obtained 2 and 6 weeks after initiating treatment with carbimazole.

Results
Serum fructosamine concentrations ranged from 154 to 267 μmol/L (median, 198 μmol/L) and were significantly lower than values in healthy cats. Eleven (50%) of the hyperthyroid cats had serum fructosamine concentrations less than the reference range. Serum fructosamine concentrations in hyperthyroid, normoproteinemic cats did not differ from values in hypoproteinemic cats. During treatment, an increase in serum fructosamine concentration was detected.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance
In hyperthyroid cats, concentration of serum fructosamine may be low because of accelerated protein turnover, independent of blood glucose concentration. Serum fructosamine concentrations should not be evaluated in cats with overt hyperthyroidism and diabetes mellitus. Additionally, concentration of serum fructosamine in hyperthyroid cats should not be used to differentiate between diabetes mellitus and transitory stress-related hyperglycemia. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1999;215:1297–1300)
Clinical findings, treatment, and outcome of dogs with status epilepticus or cluster seizures: 156 cases (1990–1995)
Authors: Bateman Shane W. , Parent Joane M. 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To report clinical findings, treatments, and outcomes of dogs admitted to the hospital for status epilepticus or cluster seizures and evaluate factors associated with outcome.

Design
Retrospective study.

Animals
156 dogs admitted for status epilepticus or cluster seizures.

Procedure
Medical records were reviewed for seizure and medication history, diagnostic test results, types of treatment, hospitalization costs, and outcome of hospital visits.

Results
Dogs were admitted for seizures on 194 occasions. Of 194 admissions, 128 (66%), 2 (1%), 32 (16.5%), 2 (1%), and 30 (15.5%) were of dogs with a history of clusters of generalized seizures, clusters of partial complex seizures, convulsive status epilepticus, partial status epilepticus, and > 1 type of seizure, respectively. Underlying causes of seizures were primary epilepsy (26.8%; 52/194), secondary epilepsy (35.1%; 68), reactive epileptic seizures (6.7%; 13), primary or secondary epilepsy with low serum antiepileptic drug concentrations (5.7%; 11), and undetermined (25.8%; 50). One hundred and eighty-six hospital visits resulted in admission to the intensive care unit (ICU). Treatments with continuous IV infusions of diazepam or phenobarbital were initiated during 66.8% (124/186) and 18.7% (35) of ICU hospital stays for 22.3 ± 16.1 hours (mean ± SD) and 21.9 ± 15.4 hours, respectively. Of 194 admissions, 74.7% (145) resulted in discharge from the hospital, 2.1% (4) in death, and 23.2% (45) in euthanasia. A poor outcome (death or euthanasia) was significantly associated with granulomatous meningoencephalitis, loss of seizure control after 6 hours of hospitalization, and the development of partial status epilepticus.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance
Granulomatous meningoencephalitis, loss of seizure control after 6 hours of hospitalization, or the development of partial status epilepticus may indicate a poor prognosis for dogs with seizures. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1999;215:1463–1468)
Combined cycloablation and gonioimplantation for treatment of glaucoma in dogs: 18 cases (1992–1998)
Authors: Bentley Ellison , Miller Paul E. , Murphy Christopher J. , Schoster James V. 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To evaluate a combined cycloablative and gonioimplantation technique for treatment of glaucoma in dogs.

Design
Retrospective study.

Animals
18 adult dogs with glaucoma.

Procedure
Medical records of dogs that received a valved gonioimplant and a cyclodestructive procedure (cyclocryoablation or diode laser cyclophotocoagulation) during a 6-year period were reviewed. Retention of vision and intraocular pressure control were assessed, as well as number and nature of complications.

Results
19 eyes of 18 dogs received a valved gonioimplant and either cyclocryoablation (n = 12) or diode laser cyclophotocoagulation (7). At ≥ 1 year after surgery, 11 of 19 eyes had vision and 14 of 19 eyes had intraocular pressure < 25 mm Hg. Two dogs (2 eyes) were lost to follow-up 3 and 6 months after surgery. Despite the alternative route for aqueous humor flow created by the gonioimplant, 7 eyes had increased intraocular pressure (27 to 61 mm Hg) < 24 hours after surgery. Other complications included excessive intraocular fibrin, focal retinal detachment, corneal ulcer, retinal hemorrhage, cataract, and implant migration.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance
Combined cycloablation and gonioimplantation appears to be a promising technique for retention of vision and control of intraocular pressure in dogs with glaucoma. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1999;215:1469–1472)
Treatment response and athletic outcome of foals with tarsal valgus deformities: 39 cases (1988–1997)
Authors: Dutton David M. , Watkins Jeffrey P. , Honnas Clifford M. , Hague Brent A. 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To evaluate the response to various treatments and long-term outcome of foals with tarsal valgus deformities.

Design
Retrospective study.

Animals
39 foals with tarsal valgus deformities.

Procedure
Data collected from medical records, included signalment, history, reason for admission, and clinical findings. Radiographic views of the tarsus were evaluated for incomplete ossification of tarsal bones and were classified as normal in appearance, type-I incomplete ossification, or type-II incomplete ossification. Treatment and athletic outcome were documented for each foal.

Results
Radiographic assessment revealed that 22 of 39 foals (56%) had concomitant tarsal valgus deformities and incomplete ossification of the tarsal bones. Eight of 19 foals with tarsal valgus deformities that were treated with periosteal stripping responded favorably. Foals ≤ 60 days old were significantly more likely to respond to periosteal stripping than older foals. Five of 8 foals with tarsal valgus deformities that were treated with growth plate retardation responded favorably. Eleven of 21 foals with long-term follow-up performed as intended. Compared with foals with type-II incomplete ossification, foals with tarsal bones that had a normal radiographic appearance or type-I incomplete ossification were significantly more likely to perform as intended.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance
Foals with tarsal valgus deformities should have lateromedial radiographic views of the tarsus obtained to assess the tarsal bones for incomplete ossification, which will affect athletic outcome. Because foals with typell incomplete ossification of the tarsal bones respond poorly to periosteal stripping alone, treatment by growth-plate retardation is recommended. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1999;215:1481–1484)
Clinical comparison of three methods to measure blood pressure in nonsedated dogs
Authors: Stepien Rebecca L. , Rapoport Gregg S. 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To determine arterial blood pressure in client-owned dogs, using direct arterial puncture, oscillometry, and Doppler ultrasonography in a clinical setting.

Design
Prospective study.

Animals
28 clinically normal client-owned dogs.

Procedure
Blood pressures of nonsedated dogs were measured simultaneously, using each of the 3 methods. Mean values obtained were compared with published mean values. Ability of noninvasive methods (Doppler ultrasonography and oscillometry) to accurately predict results of the invasive method, and relationships between blood pressure and age, body weight, and degree of patient anxiety were determined.

Results
Calculated ranges of values (mean ± 2 SD) determined by direct arterial puncture were: systolic pressure, 114 to 194 mm Hg; diastolic pressure, 66 to 102 mm Hg; and mean pressure, 85 to 129 mm Hg. Ranges determined by use of oscillometry were: systolic, 110 to 190 mm Hg; diastolic, 35 to 107 mm Hg; and mean, 78 to 138 mm Hg. Ultrasonographic and oscillometric values did not accurately predict direct values, but mean values of systolic and mean pressures were similar among methods. Relationships were not detected between age or body weight and blood pressure. Significant differences in blood pressure were not detected between anxious and nonanxious dogs.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance
Mean values of systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial blood pressure measured in nonsedated client-owned dogs, using invasive and noninvasive methods in a clinical setting, are comparable with those determined for acclimatized, trained, or sedated dogs. However, results of noninvasive methods may not accurately reflect direct values. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1999;215:1623–1628)
Immunohistochemical detection of proliferating cell nuclear antigen and Ki-67 in mast cell tumors from dogs
Authors: Abadie Jérôme J. , Amardeilh Marie A. , Delverdier Maxence E. 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To determine whether immunohistochemical detection of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and Ki-67 correlated with prognosis for dogs with cutaneous mast cell tumors (MCT).

Design
Case series.

Animals
120 dogs with solitary cutaneous MCT that were excised.

Procedure
Information on signalment, history, and outcome was obtained by sending a questionnaire to referring veterinarians. Tumors were graded histologically, and immunohistochemical staining for Ki-67 and PCNA was performed.

Results
Survival rates 12, 18, and 24 months after surgery were significantly different among groups when dogs were grouped on the basis of histologic grade. Although mean number of PCNA-positive nuclei/1,000 tumor nuclei was significantly higher for dogs that died of MCT than for those that survived, there was great overlap in values. Mean number of Ki-67-positive nuclei/1,000 tumor nuclei was significantly higher for dogs that died of MCT than for those that survived, without any overlap in values between groups, and number of Ki-67-positive nuclei/1,000 tumor nuclei was significantly different among groups when tumors were grouped on the basis of histologic grades. For dogs with grade-ll tumors, number of Ki-67-positive nuclei/1,000 tumor nuclei (< 93 vs = 93) was significantly associated with outcome (survived vs died).

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance
Results suggest that for dogs with solitary cutaneous MCT, determining number of Ki-67-positive nuclei may be useful in predicting prognosis, particularly for dogs with grade-ll tumors. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1999;215:1629–1634)