bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimization and Component Linking Through Dynamic Tree Identification (DSI)
Authors: Galić Radoslav , Čajić Elvir 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this research, we present an innovative approach to connecting components using a Dynamic Identification Tree. The algorithm is designed to efficiently label connected components of digital objects, providing an improvement over existing methods. The dynamic identification tree enables accurate and fast labeling, thus facilitating topology analysis of digital objects. This approach promises universal applicability and exceptional efficiency in various data processing contexts.
Multi Sentence Description of Complex Manipulation Action Videos
Authors: Ziaeetabar Fatemeh , Safabakhsh Reza , Momtazi Saeedeh , Tamosiunaite Minija , Wörgötter Florentin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Automatic video description requires the generation of natural language statements about the actions, events, and objects in the video. An important human trait, when we describe a video, is that we are able to do this with variable levels of detail. Different from this, existing approaches for automatic video descriptions are mostly focused on single sentence generation at a fixed level of detail. Instead, here we address video description of manipulation actions where different levels of detail are required for being able to convey information about the hierarchical structure of these actions relevant also for modern approaches of robot learning.
We propose one hybrid statistical and one end-to-end framework to address this problem. The hybrid method needs much less data for training, because it models statistically uncertainties within the video clips, while in the end-to-end method, which is more data-heavy, we are directly connecting the visual encoder to the language decoder without any intermediate (statistical) processing step.
Both frameworks use LSTM stacks to allow for different levels of description granularity and videos can be described by simple single-sentences or complex multiple-sentence descriptions. In addition, quantitative results demonstrate that these methods produce more realistic descriptions than other competing approaches.
Beyond Forgeries: Advancing UTME Security Measures for Transparency and Reliability
Authors: Bernard Ephraim 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The research critically examines the current security features of the Unified Tertiary Matriculation Examination (UTME) results in Nigeria, highlighting their vulnerabilities and proposing pragmatic solutions to enhance result authentication. The study emphasizes the importance of robust security measures in maintaining the integrity of the examination system, especially in the face of increasing attempts at result manipulation and forgery. While acknowledging the existing security features, including the candidate's photo, watermark, and QR code, the research reveals significant weaknesses, such as the absence of advanced security elements and the limited functionality of the QR code verification system. To address these challenges, the study advocates for a comprehensive approach, recommending measures such as exclusive issuance of result slips by the Joint Admission and Matriculation Board (JAMB), real-time third-party authentication systems, and accessible lists of top scorers. The proposed solutions aim to streamline the verification process, boost public trust in JAMB's operations, and generate additional revenue for the examination board. The research underscores the necessity of continuous improvement and adaptation in security measures to ensure the credibility and reliability of UTME results.
Correlation analysis between the changes in the root canal area and the intervertebral foramen cross-sectional area and the relevant scores of clinical symptom improvement in patients with unilateral L4-L5 spinal stenosis after MIS-TLIF
Authors: Ban wenrui , Wang haifan , Bai chuanyi , Zheng shaozhi , Tian lei , Wang haoyu 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Objective
This study aimed to investigate changes in the root canal area and the cross-sectional area of the intervertebral foramen in patients with unilateral L4-L5 spinal stenosis who underwent Minimally Invasive Surgery-Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion (MIS-TLIF) and their correlation with clinical symptom improvement.
Methods
We selected 35 patients diagnosed and treated for unilateral L4-L5 spinal stenosis at our hospital from June 2020 to February 2022. We recorded intraoperative blood loss, operation time, and postoperative complications. The study compared changes in nerve root canal area observed in CT scans before and after MIS-TLIF surgery in spinal stenosis patients. We also assessed the nerve root canal area at different heights and the L4-L5 intervertebral foramen area. Preoperative and postoperative scores were collected for ODI (Oswestry Disability Index), NRS (Numeric Rating Scale), EQ-5D (EuroQol-5D), and GPE (Global Perceived Effect) to evaluate clinical symptoms. Correlation analyses were conducted between changes in clinical scores and changes in the above-mentioned anatomical areas.
Results
All patients underwent successful surgeries with an average operation time of 122.2 ± 20.33 minutes and an average intraoperative blood loss of 231.43 ± 129.53 ml. Five cases required blood transfusions, and three cases experienced postoperative cerebrospinal fluid leakage, which resolved with bed rest and fluid infusion. There were no infections, but eight cases had postoperative anemia, and no other complications, such as pulmonary embolism, occurred. Postoperative ODI and EQ-5D scores at 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months showed significant improvement compared to preoperative scores. Linear correlation analysis revealed that the cross-sectional area of the lumbar root canal was negatively correlated with ODI scores (r=-0.45, P < 0.01), positively correlated with EQ-5D scores (r = 0.46, P < 0.01), and negatively correlated with NRS-leg scores (r=-0.47, P < 0.01). Moreover, the L4-L5 intervertebral foramen area was significantly negatively correlated with ODI scores (r=-0.80, P < 0.01) and positively correlated with EQ-5D scores (r = 0.517, P < 0.01).
Conclusion
Identifying lumbar spinal stenosis preoperatively provides valuable guidance for effective decompression during minimally invasive surgery. However, this study has limitations, primarily due to the small sample size of patients with unilateral single-level L4-L5 symptoms. Further research with a larger sample size is warranted.
An ensemble deep learning approach for air quality estimation in Delhi, India
Authors: Mohan Anju S , Abraham Lizy 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
South Asian megacities are significant contributors to the degrading air quality. In highly populated northern India, Delhi is a major hotspot for air pollutants that influence health and climate. Effective mitigation of air pollution is impeded by inadequate estimation which emphasizes the need for cost-effective alternatives. This paper proposes an ensemble model based on transformer and Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) models to estimate air quality from images and weather parameters in Delhi. A Data Efficient Image transformer (DeiT) is fine-tuned with outdoor images, and parallelly dark-channel prior extracted from images are fed to a CNN model. Additionally, a 1-dimensional CNN is trained with meteorological features to improve accuracy. The predictions from these three parallel branches are then fused with ensemble learning to classify images into six Air Quality Index (AQI) classes and estimate the AQI value. To train and validate the proposed model, an image dataset is collected from Delhi, India termed ‘AirSetDelhi’ and properly labeled with ground-truth AQI values. Experiments conducted on the dataset demonstrate that the proposed model outperforms other deep learning networks in the literature. The model achieved an overall accuracy of 89.28% and a Cohen Kappa score of 0.856 for AQI classification, while it obtained an RMSE of 47.36 and an R2 value of 0.861 for AQI estimation, demonstrating efficacy in both tasks. As a regional estimation model based on images and weather features, the proposed model offers an alternative feasible approach for air quality estimation.
Psoriasis and depression: mendelian randomization study
Authors: Tian Shuang , Liu Ying , Yuan Ying , Li Jiamin , Zhao Suxia , Zhao Fangchao , Wang Hui 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
The association between psoriasis (PSO) and depression has recently gained significant attention among researchers. However, the precise nature of the relationship between these two conditions remains to be determined. The objective of this study is to investigate a causality between PSO and depression using a two-sample mendelian randomization (MR) approach.
Methods
Summary statistics for PSO and depression were derived from multiple comprehensive genome-wide association studies. A MR design was employed to examine the causal relationship between PSO and depression. The primary analyses were conducted using the inverse variance weighted (IVW) method. Additionally, MR Steiger and colocalization analyses were employed to evaluate the robustness of these genetic variants in relation to PSO and depression.
Results
Genetic susceptibility to PSO was found to be associated with an elevated risk of depression (OR: 1.348; 95% CI: 1.141–1.592, P = 0.004). This relationship was supported by other analysis methods as well. Furthermore, MR Steiger's analysis confirmed a causal relationship between PSO and depression ("TRUE"). Colocalization analyses indicated the presence of a shared causal variant (rs12189871, PP.H4 = 1) within the genomic test regions for both PSO and depression.
Conclusions
Our research provides evidence for a potential causal relationship between PSO and depression.
“Formulation and Evaluation of Solid Lipid-Based Nano Formulation of Itraconazole”
Authors: Amit Prof. Amit P. Sinhal , Rajendra Rajendra D. Wagh 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Itraconazole, a stable, white, odorless, and tasteless powder, displayed a melting point of 167°C and limited water solubility. The partition coefficient favored stearic acid, indicating its potential as a lipid for drug delivery. UV/visible spectra revealed characteristic peaks in the 200–400 nano meter range, offering insights into Itraconazole's composition. Calibration curves in different buffers demonstrated strong linearity, aiding precise drug quantification. Compatibility studies assessed drug-polymer interactions for safe delivery. Stearic and palmitic acids, key components in solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN), exhibited distinct characteristics. FTIR studies highlighted Itraconazole's significant peaks, aiding compound identification. Tween 80's selection as a surfactant for SLN was based on physical appearance. A 0.5% w/v Tween 80 concentration was optimal for SLN formulation, enhancing particle capture. DSC analyses revealed Itraconazole's crystalline nature, while XRD studies assessed the crystallinity of compounds. Viscosity studies mimicking precorneal tear film behavior informed SLN stability. TEM images confirmed SLN morphology, emphasizing minimal ocular irritation potential. The ex-vivo permeation study in rats demonstrated SLN's impact on Itraconazole pharmacokinetics, presenting changes in Tmax, Cmax, and AUC. The dissolution study revealed sustained drug release over 12 hours, beneficial for therapeutic drug levels. A 6-month stability study affirmed ISN7's exceptional stability, ensuring reliability over its shelf life. The skin irritation test in rats confirmed the safety of ISN7, crucial for potential human use.
WITHDRAWN: Application of medical care four-hand operation mode in digital indirect bonding of palisade guide
Authors: Hu Meichun , Cao Yannan , Wu Xiangbing , Jiang Qian , Zhu Fangyong 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

This study summarizes the effect of high quality medical carefour-hand operation mode in indirect bonding technology. The technology was applied to the palisade guide for excess binder production and the transfer accuracy of the pallet.
Materials and methods: Upper dental arch data of an elderly patient with periodontitis was obtained using an intraoral scanner. Twenty upper dental arch models were 3D printed. 3Shape, PlastyCAD software, and 3D printing technology were used to obtain ten 3D printed palisade guides (3D PPG Method I) and semi-wrapped guides (SWG Method II). The bracket was transferred from the guide plate to the 3D printed upper dental arch model. After the bracket transfer, the excess binder, linearity, and Angle errors were measured through a four-hand operation, including preoperative preparation, intraoperative coordination, and postoperative care. The differences between the two methods were also analyzed.
Results: The comparison of the two methods revealed that the SWG of 9.673(8.185-11.237) was greater than 3D PPG (P<0.001) in terms of excess binder – The difference was statistically significant. Further, SWG’s vertical direction error was 0.191 (0.136-0.210) in terms of linear error, which was greater than that of 3D PPG (P<0.001)- The difference was statistically significant. In terms of Angle deviation, the SWG’s Tip and Torque were 0.788 (0.717-0.825) (P<0.05) and 0.908 (0.855-0.983) (P<0.001), respectively. Both of these values were greater than that of 3D PPG and were statistically significant. Thus, all these results favoured 3D PPG. The study data of anterior teeth, cusp teeth, and premolars showed that the premolars were excess adhesive (P<0.05), and both methods had statistical significance. The 3D PPG were premolars Vertical(P<0.05), while the SWG premolars were Transversal and Torque(P<0.05), and the anterior Rotation(P<0.05)- All the values were statistically significant.
Conclusions: Skilled medical care four-hand operation was necessary for the palisade guide to achieve less adhesive residue and higher bonding accuracy. Among them, the residual amount of binder, linear, and angular error of the palisade guide was less than that of the semi-wrapped guide, which was conducive to clinical popularization.
Molecular Dynamics Simulation Study on the Mechanism of the inhibitory of N,N-dimethyl-3β- hydroxycholenamide (DMHCA) on 3β-hydroxysterol-Δ24-reductase(DHCR24)
Authors: Wang Zhibin , Yang Wenyu , Han Yufang , Zhao Linlin , Lu Ziyin , Gao Bing , Lu Xiuli 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
3β-hydroxysterol-Δ24-reductase (DHCR24) is a flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)-dependent oxidoreductase. N,N-dimethyl-3β-hydroxycholenamide (DMHCA) is a steroidal ligand of LXRs that exerts anti-atherogenic effects. It is reported that DMHCA also inhibits the enzyme DHCR24 resulting in an accumulation of desmosterol and the reduction of plasma cholesterol, however, the detail mechanism is still unknown. To explore the mechanism of the inhibitory effect of DMHCA on DHCR24, we performed the molecular docking and MD simulations of two complexes of DHCR24-fad-desmosterol and DHCR24-fad-dmhca. We found docking site of the DMHCA to the DHCR24 is very close to that of the desmosterol, the hydrophobic pockets are the same.. The results obtained from MD simulation showed the binding energy of the desmosterol to the DHCR24-fad are − 51.67 kcal/mol while that of DMHCA is -31.48 kcal/mol, suggesting that DMHCA also has a relative high affinity to DHCR24. In addition, the binding of DMHCA to DHCR24 also changed the binding manner of FAD to DHCR24. Taken together, our results for the first time demonstrated at the molecular structure level that DMHCA blocks DHCR24 activity through a competitive-inhibiting manner, which can provide information for the study and design new types of cholesterol-lowering drug by targeting DHCR24.
Conjugate Gradient-Style Momentum Method with Adaptive Difference for Image Classification
Authors: Ouyang Chen , Jian Ailun , Zhao Xiong , Yuan Gonglin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

SGDM is a classic momentum method, which is widely used in machine learning due to its high convergence accuracy. One disadvantage of SGDM is the slow convergence speed. In recent years, some scholars have proposed SGDMD, which attempts to use the idea of differentiation to adjust the convergence direction to accelerate convergence. On this basis, we introduced an adaptive differential method to obtain a new method, stochastic gradient descent with adpative momentum and difference (SGDAMD). In a sense, it is also a type of PID controller. Compared with SGDMD, SGDAMD has good results in experiments with fixed learning rate and vanishing learning rate and achieves greater stability in changes of both loss value and accuracy.
Effect of superhydrophobic surfaces on rod bundle flow dynamics
Authors: Rodriguez Angel Rodriguez , Makiharju Simo Makiharju 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Pressurized water reactors are designed to operate in a single-phase flow.However, during a flow loss or other off-design conditions liquid temperaturemay exceed saturation temperature and, if a continuous film of gas forms,a boiling casualty may result. If superhydrophobic surfaces are introduced among the fuel cell assembly, vapor bubbles show an affinity to these surfaces and gas may coalesce to escape faster resulting in a larger margin to reach Critical Heat Flux. In the present study we consider air and liquid water mixture examining the overall flow dynamics in a case with no bulk liquid flow, reminiscent of a case with coolant pump failure. The parameter ranges examined span Reynolds number based on gas superficial velocity up to 5,300 and produced bubble with Bond numbers from 1 to 270, and Weber numbers based on estimated terminal velocity from 0.6 to 150. The Morton number was fixed at 2.63×10−11. As the flow with high gas volume fraction becomes optically opaque and is sensitive to intrusive instrumentation, a custom build photon-counting dual energy threshold X-ray computed tomography system is employed for measurement of the time average void fraction within the bundle non-intrusively. Two dual plane wire mesh sensors upstream and downstream of the rod bundle are employed to obtain comparison void fraction,velocity profiles and bubble size distributions. Additionally, traditional pressure-based gas holdup measurements are employed to calculate time and volume averaged void fraction. The data shows that the presence of superhydrophobic surface in the rod bundle results in a significantly lower gas volume fraction compared to those in a similar rod bundle without superhydrophobic internals.
Assessment of the impact of organic matter discharges from a nuclear power plant with a recirculating cooling water system
Authors: Kuznietsov Pavlo , Biedunkova Olha 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Nuclear power plants (NPPs) use large amounts of water for cooling, recirculating cooling water systems (RCWS) take water and discharge it to the environment, concentrate natural constituents and introduce chemicals used to maintain the chemistry of the NPP. Changes in organic matter (OM) content can be caused by natural processes as well as human activities. Natural OM content shows seasonal patterns, high OM loads can lead to microbial blooms which further affect water quality. The subject of the research is OM discharges with return water from RCWS NPPs. The research was carried out using the example of the RCWS Rivne NPP and the water of the Styr River, from which the Rivne NPP uses water. The purpose of the research is to study OM discharges, and to conduct an environmental assessment of the impact on the surface water of the Styr River on the water discharges of the Rivne NPP. The relevance of the research lies in the assessment of the nonradiative environmental impact of the NPP, with the establishment of a correlation between the OM content and the technological modes of operation of the Rivne NPP. The novelty of the research is the multicomponent evaluation of the OM content by various indicators of TOC, COD and BOD5 control and determination of the dynamics of their changes with the establishment of variability factors. The practical value of the study lies in the possibility of applying the methods to other power plants using RCWS.
Effect of dolutegravir-based versus efavirenz-based antiretroviral therapy on excessive weight gain in adult treatment-naïve HIV patients at Matsanjeni Health Center, Eswatini: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Mukuna Didier M. , Decroo Tom , Nyapokoto Clara M. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background: Because of its effectiveness, the dolutegravir (DTG)-containing regimen is recommended for antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Eswatini. Dolutegravir (DTG)-associated weight gain is well documented, but with limited data from settings with a dual burden of HIV and overnutrition, such as Eswatini. We sought to investigate DTG-associated weight gain in adult treatment-naïve HIV patients at Matsanjeni Health Centre in Eswatini.
Methods: In a retrospective study, we analysed the BMI of 156 and 160 patients on DTG-based and EFV-based antiretroviral therapy (ART), respectively, at baseline and 24 months after ART initiation. We used the Wilcoxon rank sum test to compare the median BMI increase between both ART regimens and logistic regression to estimate the association between the ART regimen and excessive weight gain, defined as any BMI greater than the baseline BMI and greater than or equal to 25 kg/m2 24 months post ART initiation.
Results: Overall, the median BMI increase in DTG-based patients was 1.09 (IQR: -0.28–3.28) kg/m2 compared to 0.2 (IQR: -0.85–2.18) kg/m2 in EFV-based patients (p value=0.001). The majority of participants (57.7%) on the DTG-based regimen had a normal baseline BMI. Of 90 patients with a normal baseline BMI, 33.3% evolved to overweight; 35% of 40 patients evolved from overweight at baseline to class 1 obesity; and 31.3% of 16 patients from class 1 obesity at baseline progressed to class 2 obesity. An excessive BMI increase was found in 35.3% of DTG-based regimen patients 24 months after initiation (p value <0.001). There was a strong association between the DTG-based regimen and excessive weight gain (p value <0.01).
Conclusion: Despite its effectiveness, practitioners should consider DTG-based regimens as one of the risk factors for overweight/obesity and strengthen patients management and monitoring to prevent obesity-associated NCDs.
Radial solutions for a class of multiparameter singular k-Hessian systems
Authors: Ding Huanhuan , Gao Chenghua , He Xingyue 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This paper is devoted to studying the coupled system of multiparameter k-Hessian equations S_k(\mu(D^2u_1))=\lambda_1\rho_1(|x|)f_1(-u_1,-u_2) in B, S_k(\mu(D^2u_2))=\lambda_2\rho_2(|x|)f_2(-u_1,-u_2) in B, u_1=u_2=0 on \partial B, where B=\{x\in\mathbb{R}^n:|x|<1\}, \lambda_1,\lambda_2 are positive parameters, \rho_i\,(i=1,2) is singular near the boundary \partial B, f_i\,(i=1,2) satisfies a combined superlinear condition at \infty. Employing the fixed point theorem of Krasnosel'skii type in Banach space, the existence and multiplicity of nontrivial radial solutions are established. In particular, the dependence of the solutions on the parameters \lambda_1,\lambda_2 is also discussed. Finally, we study the nonexistence results of nontrivial radial solutions for the case \lambda_1,\lambda_2\gg1.
Mathematics Subject Classification (2010). 34B15, 34B18.