bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Gene Expression in Ceca ofHelicobacter hepaticus-Infected A/JCr Mice before and after Development of Typhlitis
Authors: Myles Matthew H. , Livingston Robert S. , Livingston Beth A. , Criley Jennifer M. , Franklin Craig L. 
Published: June 2003

ABSTRACTThe inflammatory bowel diseases, Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, are chronic inflammatory disorders of the gastrointestinal tract. The causes of these diseases remain unknown; however, prevailing theories suggest that chronic intestinal inflammation results from a dysregulated immune response to ubiquitous bacterial antigens. While a substantial body of data has been amassed describing the role of the adaptive immune system in perpetuating and sustaining inflammation, very little is known about the early signals, prior to the development of inflammation, that initiate and direct the abnormal immune response. To this end, we characterized the gene expression profile of A/JCr mice withHelicobacter hepaticus-induced typhlitis at month 1 of infection, prior to the onset of histologic disease, and month 3 of infection, after chronic inflammation is fully established. Analysis of the gene expression in ceca ofH. hepaticusinfected mice revealed 25 up-regulated and 3 down-regulated genes in the month-1 postinoculation group and 31 up-regulated and 2 down-regulated genes in the month-3 postinoculation group. Among these was a subset of immune-related genes, including interferon-inducible protein 10, monokine induced by gamma interferon, macrophage-induced protein 1 alpha, and serum amyloid A1. Semiquantitative real-time reverse transcriptase PCR confirmed the increased expression levels of these genes, as well as elevated expression of gamma interferon. To our knowledge, this is the first report profiling cecal gene expression inH. hepaticus-infected A/JCr mice. The findings of altered gene expression prior to the development of any features of pathology and the ensuing chronic disease course make this an attractive model for studying early host response to microbe-induced inflammatory bowel disease.
Activation of Toll-Like Receptor 2 (TLR2) and TLR4/MD2 by
Neisseria
Is Independent of Capsule and Lipooligosaccharide (LOS) Sialylation but Varies Widely among LOS from Different Strains
Authors: Pridmore Alison C. , Jarvis Gary A. , John Constance M. , Jack Dominic L. , Dower Steven K. , Read Robert C. 
Published: June 2003

ABSTRACT

Lipooligosaccharide (LOS) structure and capsular polysaccharide of
Neisseria meningitidis
each greatly influence the virulence of the organism and the quality of host innate immune responses. In this study, we found that production of the proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF) by a human monocyte-derived cell line (THP-1) exposed to strains of
N
.
meningitidis
lacking capsule and/or with truncated LOS was similar to that elicited by the isogenic wild-type strain. These mutants also exhibited no difference in induction of the interleukin-8 (IL-8) promoter in a transfected HeLa cell system of Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and TLR4/MD2 signaling. However, purified LOS from diverse strains of
Neisseria
(both
N
.
meningitidis
and
N
.
gonorrhoeae
) caused widely variant levels of IL-8 promoter induction in cells expressing MD2 that correlated with the production of TNF from THP-1 cells. These data suggest that although modification of the oligosaccharide chain of LOS and/or absence of capsule do not affect cell signaling mediated by TLR4/MD2, fine-structural differences in the LOS do influence signaling through TLR4/MD2 and, through this pathway, influence some of the proinflammatory responses elicited by
Neisseria
.
Extracorporeal Blood Purification in European Pediatric Intensive Care Units
Authors: Bottari Gabriella , Buccione Emanuele , Bayrakci Benan , Briassoulis George , Carter Michael J. , Demirkol Demet , Ilia Stavroula , Morin Luc , Reiter Karl , Santiago Maria-Jose , Schlapbach Luregn J. , Slocker-Barrio Maria , Tissieres Pierre , Zaoral Tomás , Bianzina Stefania , Deep Akash 
Published: February 2025

ImportanceImportant advances have been made in extracorporeal blood purification therapies (EBPTs) due to new technologies and biomaterials; however, the lack of established guidelines is a factor in great variability in clinical practice. This aspect is accentuated in pediatric intensive care given the small number of patients with diverse diagnoses treated with EBPT and the technical challenges in treating small children, potentiating the risk of adverse events.ObjectiveTo understand what experienced users of EBPT think about its relevant issues, insight that may have implications for the design of future studies, and the application of EBPTs in patient care.Evidence ReviewLiterature search was conducted using the PubMed and Embase databases between January 1, 2020, and July 15, 2024, and a combination of key medical terms. A panel of experts was formed (composed of 15 authors and pediatric intensivists) to develop a consensus statement using a modified Delphi-based model between 2022 and 2024. The panel’s core team drafted the initial questionnaire, which explored EBPT use in pediatric intensive care units (PICUs), including clinical indications for initiating and discontinuing use and outcomes for assessing effectiveness and safety. SurveyMonkey was used in the distribution, completion, and revision of the questionnaire, and findings were analyzed. Panelists were asked to rank answer choices. Numerical value for each ranking was translated to a percentage defining the strength of consensus (&amp;gt;90% agreement from panelists signifying strong consensus; &amp;lt;49% signifying no consensus).FindingsA total of 116 survey responses were received from panelists from 8 European countries. Strong consensus was achieved on 6 of 24 questions and consensus (75%-90% agreement) was reached on 18 of 24 questions. According to the panelists, the continuous renal replacement therapy standard or enhanced adsorption hemofilter and plasma exchange were of interest, representing the most applied EBPTs across various applications. While evidence on hemoadsorption is growing, it remains limited.Conclusions and RelevanceThis consensus statement on EBPTs in critically ill pediatric patients was developed by an international panel of experts in areas where clinical evidence is still limited. This consensus statement could support pediatric intensivists in bedside decision-making and guide future research on EBPTs in PICUs.
Pediatric Readiness and Trauma Center Access for Children
Authors: Melhado Caroline , Hancock Canaan , Wang Haoyu , Eldin Maya M. , George Nicholas , Miller Jennifer A. , Remick Katherine E. , Patel Bhavin , Yorkgitis Brian K. , Gray Lisa , Dingeldein Michael W. , Hewes Hilary A. , Russell Katie W. , Nance Michael L. , Jensen Aaron R. 
Published: February 2025

ImportanceChildren initially treated in a timely fashion at trauma centers with high levels of pediatric readiness have been shown to have improved survival, but children historically have had geographically disparate access to pediatric trauma center care. Considerable effort has been invested in improving pediatric readiness nationally, including the implementation of new standards to improve emergency department pediatric readiness at all trauma centers.ObjectiveTo assess current access to US pediatric-ready trauma center care and to estimate potential improvement in access if all high-level trauma centers had optimal pediatric readiness.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis descriptive cross-sectional study collated trauma centers from national organizational lists, state government websites, and online searches. A geospatial analysis was performed of access by pediatric patients (aged ≤18 years) to trauma centers by ground or air ambulance within 60 minutes, stratified by trauma center type and pediatric readiness status. Population density was estimated using 2020 US census data. Weighted pediatric readiness scores (wPRS) were obtained from the 2021 National Pediatric Readiness Project assessment. The data analysis was performed between April 1 and June 30, 2023.ExposureAccess times to trauma centers.Main Outcome and MeasureThe main outcome of interest was access to a pediatric-ready trauma center, defined as a high-level pediatric trauma center (level I-II) or high-level adult trauma center (level I-III) with a wPRS of at least 93 (out of 100). Access times were calculated using previously validated methods and service network model analysis for each trauma center to census block group centroid.ResultsThe analysis included 148 pediatric and 1075 high-level adult trauma centers. A total of 273 adult centers (25%) were pediatric ready. Pediatric trauma center access within 60 minutes by ground or air ambulance was available for 65% of all 74 090 665 children; 73% of children had access to a pediatric-ready trauma center within 60 minutes, and 92% had access to any high-level trauma center within 60 minutes.ConclusionThese findings suggest that access to pediatric trauma center care is limited, even with air ambulance transport. Ensuring pediatric readiness at all high-level adult trauma centers may substantially improve access to early high-quality initial resuscitative trauma care for children.
Dielectric Regulation in Quasi‐vdW Europium Oxysulfur Compounds by Compositional Engineering for 2D Electronics
Authors: Jian Chuanyong , Yuan Jiashuai , Hong Wenting , Ju Qiankun , Cai Qian , Liu Wei 
Published: February 2025

AbstractAdvancing next‐generation electronics necessitates precise control of dielectric properties in 2D materials. Here, the first synthesis of novel 2D quasi‐van der Waals (vdW) europium oxysulfur (Eu2SOx) compounds, comprising hexagonal Eu₂SO₂ and tetragonal Eu₂SO₆ phases, with composition‐tunable dielectric properties, is presented. Using a homodiffusive‐controlled epitaxial growth method, materials are achieved with complementary characteristics: the hexagonal Eu₂SO₂ phase exhibits a high dielectric constant (≈30) paired with a moderate bandgap (≈4.56 eV), while the tetragonal Eu₂SO₆ phase offers a wider bandgap (≈5.62 eV) but a lower dielectric constant (≈20). The potential of these materials is demonstrated by integrating ultrathin Eu₂SO₂ nanoplates with molybdenum disulfide (MoS₂) field‐effect transistors (FETs) via vdW forces. The resulting devices achieve a near‐ideal Ion/Ioff ratio (≈10⁸), minimal hysteresis (≈5.3 mV), a low subthreshold slope (≈63.5 mV dec⁻¹), and ultralow leakage current (≈10⁻¹⁴ A). These results highlight the capacity of europium oxysulfur compounds to address the trade‐off between dielectric constant and bandgap, offering tailored solutions for diverse 2D electronic applications. This work underscores the potential of composition engineering to expand the family of rare‐earth oxysulfur compounds for nanoelectronics, paving the way for innovative gate dielectrics in next‐generation devices.
The Optimized Lipid‐Modified Prodrug for CNV Treatment
Authors: Lv Xinying , Shen Jingjing , Du Xinwei , Yue Boyu , Zhang Qiang , Chang Wanwan , Miao Yu , Ji Zhaoxin , Chen Linfu , Gong Yimou , Yang Yang , Chen Qian 
Published: February 2025

AbstractChoroidal neovascularization (CNV) is a prevalent cause of vision impairment. The primary treatment for CNV involves intravitreal injections of anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor antibodies. Nevertheless, this approach still faces numerous limitations like poor patient compliance, high therapy expenditure and lack of response in some individuals. Herein, a series of anti‐neovascularization prodrugs, SU5402 (SU), modified with lipids of varying chain lengths (C12, C16, C20, C24, C28) is synthesized (SU‐C12, SU‐C16, SU‐C20, SU‐C24, SU‐C28). 1% polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is used as a stabilizer to create nanoformulations of five prodrugs named SU‐C12 NPs, SU‐C16 NPs, SU‐C20 NPs, SU‐C24 NPs, SU‐C28 NPs. Among these, SU‐C20 NPs significantly prolong the retention of bioactive drug in the eye for up to 70 d. Moreover, SU‐C20 NPs demonstrate superior tissue permeability via enhanced cellular endocytosis and exocytosis. With its prolonged retention and improved penetration, SU‐C20 NPs reduce the fluorescence intensity of fundus leakage by 42.5% and the fluorescence area by 51.5% in CNV mice after four weeks, effectively inhibiting the progression of CNV. Altogether, small molecule drug SU is innovatively modified to improve its effectiveness for treating fundus neovascular diseases, proposing an alternative therapy for wet age‐related macular degeneration (wAMD).
Excessive MYC Orchestrates Macrophages induced Chromatin Remodeling to Sustain Micropapillary‐Patterned Malignancy in Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Song Xuming , Pan Zehao , Zhang Yi , Yang Wenmin , Zhang Te , Wang Hui , Chen Yuzhong , Yu Xinnian , Ding Hanlin , Li Rutao , Ge Pengfei , Xu Lin , Dong Gaochao , Jiang Feng 
Published: February 2025

AbstractCurrent understanding of micropapillary (MP)‐subtype lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) remains confined to biological activities and genomic landscapes. Unraveling the major regulatory programs underlying MP patterned malignancy offers opportunities to identify more feasible therapeutic targets for patients with MP LUAD. This study shows that patients with MP subtype LUAD have aberrant activation of the MYC pathway compared to patients with other subtypes. In vitro and xenograft mouse model studies reveal that MP pattern in malignancy cannot be solely due to aberrant MYC expression but requires the involvement of M2‐like macrophages. Excessively expressed MYC leads to the accumulation of M2‐like macrophages from the bone marrow, which secretes TGFβ, to induce the expression of FOSL2 in tumor cells, thereby remodeling chromatin accessibility at promoter regions of MP‐pattern genes to promote the MYC‐mediated de novo transcriptional regulation of these genes. Additionally, the MP‐pattern in malignancy can be effectively alleviated by disrupting the TGFβ‐FOSL2 axis. These findings reveal new functions for the M2‐like macrophage‐TGFβ‐FOSL2 axis in MYC‐overexpressing MP‐subtype LUAD, identifying targetable vulnerabilities in this pathway.
Tailoring the Anisotropic Oxygen Transport Properties in Bulk Ceramic Membranes Based on a Ruddlesden–Popper Oxide by Applying Magnetic Fields
Authors: Escobar Cano Giamper , Matsuda Motohide , Zhao Zhijun , Steinbach Frank , Breidenstein Bernd , Petersen Hilke , Graff Andreas , Widenmeyer Marc , Weidenkaff Anke , Feldhoff Armin 
Published: February 2025

AbstractTextured Nd2NiO4+δ bulk ceramic membranes are fabricated via slip casting in a 0.9 T magnetic field generated by neodymium magnets. This process aligns the oxide grains with their easy‐magnetization c‐axis parallel to the applied magnetic field. Depending on the magnetic field's direction relative to the slip casting, grains orient either with their a,b‐plane or c‐axis parallel to the normal direction of the disk‐shaped ceramic, thus aligning with the oxygen permeation direction. Without the magnetic field, a non‐textured bulk membrane is formed. The microstructure and texture of the ceramic membranes are meticulously analyzed using advanced techniques, including X‐ray diffraction, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, as well as related methods. Evaluation of the texturing effect on the oxygen permeation performance shows that the a,b‐plane textured Nd2NiO4+δ bulk membrane achieves the highest oxygen permeation fluxes between 1023–1223 K. Additionally, it demonstrates impressive CO₂ stability, maintaining effective performance for at least 140 h due to preferential oxygen transport along the a,b‐plane. These characteristics make Nd2NiO4+δ an auspicious material for industrial applications as an oxygen transport membrane, outperforming more susceptible perovskite‐based materials. Magnetic alignment thus proves to be an effective method for achieving membrane texturing, enabling precise regulation of oxygen transport properties.
Powering the Future: Opportunities and Obstacles in Lead‐Halide Inorganic Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Pai Narendra , Angmo Dechan 
Published: February 2025

AbstractEfficiency, stability, and cost are crucial considerations in the development of photovoltaic technology for commercialization. Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are a promising third‐generation photovoltaic technology due to their high efficiency and low‐cost potential. However, the stability of organohalide perovskites remains a significant challenge. Inorganic perovskites, based on CsPbX₃ (X = Br−/I−), have garnered attention for their excellent thermal stability and optoelectronic properties comparable to those of organohalide perovskites. Nevertheless, the development of inorganic perovskites faces several hurdles, including the need for high‐temperature annealing to achieve the photoactive α‐phase and their susceptibility to transitioning into the nonphotoactive δ‐phase under environmental stressors, particularly moisture. These challenges impede the creation of high‐efficiency, high‐stability devices using low‐cost, scalable manufacturing processes. This review provides a comprehensive background on the fundamental structural, physical, and optoelectronic properties of inorganic lead‐halide perovskites. It discusses the latest advancements in fabricating inorganic PSCs at lower temperatures and under ambient conditions. Furthermore, it highlights the progress in state‐of‐the‐art inorganic devices, particularly those manufactured in ambient environments and at reduced temperatures, alongside simultaneous advancements in the upscaling and stability of inorganic PSCs.
Machine Learning‐Enabled Drug‐Induced Toxicity Prediction
Authors: Bai Changsen , Wu Lianlian , Li Ruijiang , Cao Yang , He Song , Bo Xiaochen 
Published: February 2025

AbstractUnexpected toxicity has become a significant obstacle to drug candidate development, accounting for 30% of drug discovery failures. Traditional toxicity assessment through animal testing is costly and time‐consuming. Big data and artificial intelligence (AI), especially machine learning (ML), are robustly contributing to innovation and progress in toxicology research. However, the optimal AI model for different types of toxicity usually varies, making it essential to conduct comparative analyses of AI methods across toxicity domains. The diverse data sources also pose challenges for researchers focusing on specific toxicity studies. In this review, 10 categories of drug‐induced toxicity is examined, summarizing the characteristics and applicable ML models, including both predictive and interpretable algorithms, striking a balance between breadth and depth. Key databases and tools used in toxicity prediction are also highlighted, including toxicology, chemical, multi‐omics, and benchmark databases, organized by their focus and function to clarify their roles in drug‐induced toxicity prediction. Finally, strategies to turn challenges into opportunities are analyzed and discussed. This review may provide researchers with a valuable reference for understanding and utilizing the available resources to bridge prediction and mechanistic insights, and further advance the application of ML in drugs‐induced toxicity prediction.
Fine‐scale diversity models reveal impacts of invasive Gaillardia pulchella on regenerating vegetation in a sand dune grassland
Authors: Orbán Zsófia , Bakacsy László 
Published: February 2025

AbstractPremiseGaillardia pulchella is native to North America but invasive in Central Europe, including Hungary, and can significantly alter vegetation dynamics, thereby affecting biodiversity and community structure. This study explored the fine‐scale effects of G. pulchella invasion on the regeneration of old sandy fields in open dune grasslands in Kiskunság National Park, Hungary, within the Pannonian biogeographic region. The impact of invasion on vegetation association structures was estimated by investigating the early stages of the effects of invasion on plant communities.MethodsDiversity models were used to assess compositional diversity (CD) and the number of realized species combinations (NRC) in invaded versus noninvaded stands. Plexus graphs were used to analyze the spatial relationships between G. pulchella and neighboring species at a fine scale (5 × 15 cm).ResultsInvasion‐free stands had higher species richness and greater structural complexity at fine spatial scales, as indicated by CD and NRC functions. Significantly higher CD values in invasion‐free stands compared to invaded stands emphasize the negative impact of G. pulchella on coexistence among native species. Plexus graphs illustrated both negative and positive associations between G. pulchella and native species, suggesting a nuanced competitive role in invaded stands.ConclusionsGaillardia pulchella invasion, though not strongly characterized, has negatively impacted vegetation structure at fine spatial scales, which may potentially intensify over time. The study underscores the importance of early detection and long‐term monitoring for a comprehensive understanding of invasive processes and their effects on plant communities in sandy habitats.
Hochdrucksynthese von Pr2O5 – Ein einzigartiges Lanthanoid(IV) Oxid Peroxid
Authors: Flosbach Niko T. , Brüning Lukas , Jurzick Pascal L. , Bykova Elena , Ekholm Marcus , Abrikosov Igor A. , Amirabbasi Mohammad , Mezouar Mohamed , Wehinger Björn , Giordano Nico , Fedotenko Timofey , Prakapenka Vitali , Chariton Stella , Wickleder Mathias S. , Bykov Maxim 
Published: February 2025

AbstractDie Reaktion von Praseodym(IV)‐oxid und Sauerstoff bei 27 GPa in einer Diamantstempelzelle lieferte das Oxid Peroxid Pr2IV(O2)O3, welches bei unterschiedlichen Druckpunkten durch Einkristallstrukturanalyse an multikristallinem Material, Ramanspektroskopie sowie durch quantenchemische Rechnungen charakterisiert wurde. Die Anwesenheit vierwertiger Praseodymionen wird durch Berechnungen der elektronischen Struktur unterstützt, die eine Bandlücke von ca. 1,2 eV vorhersagen, was mit dem antizipierten chemischen Modell eines ionischen Festkörpers übereinstimmt. Pr2(O2)O3 stellt die bislang sauerstoffreichste binäre Verbindung eines Lanthanoids mit Sauerstoff dar und ist das erste Beispiel eines Peroxidanions neben Pr4+. Darüber hinaus demonstrieren diese Ergebnisse, dass Sauerstoff eine Komproportionierung eingeht um Peroxidionen zu bilden, bevor die Praseodymionen über die Oxidationsstufe +IV hinaus oxidiert werden. Die direkte Oxidation der Oxidionen durch Pr4+ wurde durch ein Kontrollexperiment in Argon anstelle von Sauerstoff ausgeschlossen, in welchem keine Oxidation der Oxidionen beobachtet wurde.
High Pressure Synthesis of Pr2O5 – A Unique Lanthanoid(IV) Oxide Peroxide
Authors: Flosbach Niko T. , Brüning Lukas , Jurzick Pascal L. , Bykova Elena , Ekholm Marcus , Abrikosov Igor A. , Amirabbasi Mohammad , Mezouar Mohamed , Wehinger Björn , Giordano Nico , Fedotenko Timofey , Prakapenka Vitali , Chariton Stella , Wickleder Mathias S. , Bykov Maxim 
Published: February 2025

AbstractReacting praseodymium(IV) oxide with oxygen at 27 GPa in a diamond anvil cell yielded the oxide peroxide Pr2IV(O2)O3, which was characterized by single crystal X‐ray diffraction on multi‐grain samples, Raman spectroscopy and quantum theoretical calculations at various pressure points. The presence of tetravalent praseodymium ions is supported by electronic structure calculations, showing a band gap of ca. 1.2 eV, which is consistent with the anticipated chemical model of an ionic solid. Pr2(O2)O3 thus far represents the most oxygen rich phase of any binary compound of a lanthanoid and oxygen and is the first example of a peroxide anion next to Pr4+. Additionally, these results demonstrate that instead of oxidizing the praseodymium ions past their +IV oxidation state, oxygen undergoes a comproportionation to form peroxide anions. Direct oxidation of the oxide anions by Pr4+‐ions was ruled out by a control experiment in argon instead of oxygen, where no oxidation of oxide ions was observed.