bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tenatoprazole, a novel proton pump inhibitor with a prolonged plasma half‐life: effects on intragastric pH and comparison with esomeprazole in healthy volunteers
Authors: Galmiche J. P. , Bruley Des Varannes S. , Ducrotté P. , Sacher‐Huvelin S. , Vavasseur F. , Taccoen A. , Fiorentini P. , Homerin M. 
Published: March 2004

SummaryBackground : Proton pump inhibitors control gastric acidity better during the day than at night, when nocturnal acid breakthrough can occur. Tenatoprazole is a novel proton pump inhibitor with a seven‐fold longer plasma half‐life.Aim : To compare the effects of tenatoprazole 20 mg (T20), tenatoprazole 40 mg (T40) and esomeprazole 40 mg (E40) on intragastric acidity in healthy volunteers.Methods : This randomized, three‐period, cross‐over study enrolled 18 Helicobacter pylori‐negative volunteers, who received E40, T20 and T40 once daily for 7 days with a 14‐day washout between periods. Twenty‐four‐hour gastric pH monitoring was performed on day 7. Serum gastrin was assessed on day 8.Results : T40 induced a more potent acid inhibition than T20 (24‐h median pH: 4.6 vs. 4.0, P < 0.01; daytime: 4.5 vs. 3.9, P < 0.01; night‐time: 4.7 vs. 4.1, P < 0.05). T40 was more potent than E40 (24‐h median pH: 4.6 vs. 4.2, P < 0.05; night‐time: 4.7 vs. 3.6, P < 0.01); the pH > 4 holding time was higher during the night for T40 than for E40: 64.3% vs. 46.8%, P < 0.01; the nocturnal acid breakthrough duration was significantly shorter for T40 than for E40. No significant gastrin increase was observed and all drugs were well tolerated.Conclusion : T40 is significantly more potent than T20 and E40 during the night. The therapeutic relevance of this pharmacological advantage deserves further study.
Large hiatal hernia in patients with iron deficiency anaemia: a prospective study on prevalence and treatment
Authors: Panzuto F. , Di Giulio E. , Capurso G. , Baccini F. , D'Ambra G. , Delle Fave G. , Annibale B. 
Published: March 2004

SummaryBackground : Although large hiatal hernia may cause bleeding from Cameron erosions, its role in iron deficiency anaemia has been debated, and no data are available on the treatment of these patients with proton pump inhibitors.Aims : To determine the prevalence of large hiatal hernia in out‐patients with iron deficiency anaemia and the role of proton pump inhibitors in the prevention of recurrence of anaemia.Methods : Two hundred and twenty‐eight out‐patients underwent upper/lower endoscopy. Those with large hiatal hernia were given an oesophagogram, discontinued iron supplementation and received proton pump inhibitor treatment with (group 1) or without (group 2) surgery. Anaemia was re‐assessed during 1 year of follow‐up.Results : Large hiatal hernia was the likely cause of anaemia in 21 patients (9.2%). The median haemoglobin and ferritin values at the diagnosis of anaemia were 7.9 g/dL and 6 µg/L, respectively. Cameron erosions were found in 33% of patients. Ten and eleven patients were included in groups 1 and 2, respectively. Haemoglobin values were 13.8 g/dL and 13.4 g/dL at 3 months of follow‐up, and 13.4 g/dL and 13.8 g/dL at 1 year of follow‐up, in groups 1 and 2, respectively.Conclusions : Large hiatal hernia may cause iron deficiency anaemia, even without Cameron erosions. Surgery in combination with proton pump inhibitor therapy is no better than proton pump inhibitor therapy alone in preventing the recurrence of anaemia.
The prevalence and clinical course of functional dyspepsia
Authors: El‐Serag H. B. , Talley N. J. 
Published: March 2004

SummaryAim : To examine the prevalence of functional dyspepsia in the general population, and to evaluate the natural history/clinical course of patients with functional dyspepsia.Methods : Full‐length published manuscripts during 1980–2002 were included if: (i) participants had uninvestigated or functional dyspepsia; (ii) dyspepsia was defined; (iii) for prevalence, population‐based samples were evaluated; (iv) for prognosis, the total number of the inception cohort and the total number of individuals available at the end of follow‐up were reported.Results : Twenty‐two studies (1976–2002) that examined the prevalence of dyspepsia fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria; 17 studies examined more than 1000 participants, but only two studies provided information sufficient to calculate the prevalence of functional dyspepsia (11.5–14.7%). The prevalence of uninvestigated dyspepsia was in the range 10–40%. When the definition of dyspepsia was restricted to participants with upper abdominal pain, irrespective of the presence of heartburn or acid regurgitation, the prevalence rate estimate was 5–12%. Thirteen studies examined the clinical course of functional dyspepsia (seven retrospective and six prospective). Sample sizes were small (n = 35–209). A follow‐up ascertainment of symptoms amongst individuals in the original cohorts was obtained in 92.5–98.2% of prospective studies and in 67.7–82.2% of retrospective studies. The follow‐up duration was in the range 1.5–10 years for prospective studies and 5–27 years for retrospective studies; the median follow‐up duration for all studies was approximately 5 years. A variable prognosis was reported. An outcome of symptom improvement or becoming asymptomatic was reported in at least one‐half of patients in 10 of the 13 studies, and in at least two‐thirds of patients in six of the 13 studies. Prognostic factors were inconsistent and, in general, poorly described.Conclusions : Functional dyspepsia is prevalent world‐wide, but the prognosis remains poorly defined. There is a need for population‐based studies to examine the prevalence and clinical course of documented functional dyspepsia.
Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy vs. antisecretory non‐eradication therapy for the prevention of recurrent bleeding from peptic ulcer
Authors: Gisbert J. P. , Khorrami S. , Carballo F. , Calvet X. , Gene E. , Dominguez‐Muñoz E. 
Published: March 2004

SummaryAim : To perform a meta‐analysis comparing the efficacy of Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy vs. antisecretory non‐eradication therapy for the prevention of recurrent bleeding from peptic ulcer.Methods : A search was made of the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register, MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL and several congresses for controlled clinical trials comparing the efficacy of H. pylori eradication therapy vs. antisecretory non‐eradication therapy for the prevention of peptic ulcer re‐bleeding. Studies with all patients taking non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs were excluded. Extraction and quality assessment of the studies were performed by two reviewers.Results : In the first meta‐analysis, the mean percentage of re‐bleeding in the H. pylori eradication therapy group was 4.5%, compared with 23.7% in the non‐eradication therapy group without long‐term antisecretory therapy [odds ratio, 0.18; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.09–0.37; ‘number needed to treat’ (NNT), 5; 95% CI, 4–8]. In the second meta‐analysis, the re‐bleeding rate in the H. pylori eradication therapy group was 1.6%, compared with 5.6% in the non‐eradication therapy group with maintenance antisecretory therapy (odds ratio, 0.25; 95% CI, 0.08–0.76; NNT, 20; 95% CI, 12–100). When only patients with successful H. pylori eradication were included, the re‐bleeding rate was 1%.Conclusions : The treatment of H. pylori infection is more effective than antisecretory non‐eradication therapy (with or without long‐term maintenance antisecretory treatment) in the prevention of recurrent bleeding from peptic ulcer. Consequently, all patients with peptic ulcer bleeding should be tested for H. pylori, and eradication therapy should be prescribed to infected patients.
Mucosal cytokine production during remission after resection for Crohn's disease and its relationship to future relapse
Authors: Yamamoto T. , Umegae S. , Kitagawa T. , Matsumoto K. 
Published: March 2004

SummaryAim : To examine whether mucosal cytokine production during remission after resection for Crohn's disease is a predictor of future relapse.Methods : Thirty‐six patients who remained in remission after resection for terminal ileal or ileo‐caecal Crohn's disease were included. At enrolment, blood and mucosal (ileal and rectal biopsies) samples were collected. All patients were followed up regularly for 1 year after enrolment and the disease activity was assessed according to the Crohn's disease activity index.Results : Twenty patients remained in remission and 16 patients relapsed during the 1‐year follow‐up. Interleukin‐1β, interleukin‐6 and tumour necrosis factor‐α levels in the ileal mucosa were significantly higher in relapsed patients than in patients in remission. These cytokine levels in the rectal mucosa were not associated with relapse. Conventional blood markers and plasma cytokine levels did not correlate with relapse. Amongst the clinical parameters, a younger age, short disease duration before operation and fistulating disease were risk factors for relapse. In multivariate analysis, only the ileal interleukin‐6 level was an independent significant predictor for relapse.Conclusions : The interleukin‐6 level in the ileal mucosa during remission after resection for ileal or ileo‐caecal Crohn's disease is an independent significant predictor for future relapse.
Erythromycin for the treatment of chronic intestinal pseudo‐obstruction: description of six cases with a positive response
Authors: Emmanuel A. V. , Shand A. G. , Kamm M. A. 
Published: March 2004

SummaryBackground : Chronic intestinal pseudo‐obstruction, due to intestinal myopathy or neuropathy, is characterized by the signs and symptoms of intestinal obstruction in the absence of true obstruction. Episodes are resistant to medical therapy.Aim : To determine the value of erythromycin treatment in chronic intestinal pseudo‐obstruction.Methods : All patients with proven chronic intestinal pseudo‐obstruction treated with erythromycin were reviewed. Patients with symptomatic benefit are described in detail. Responders were compared with non‐responders to identify the factors associated with benefit.Results : Fifteen consecutive patients (nine females; median age, 37 years; median follow‐up, 41 months) were treated with oral erythromycin, 1.5–2.0 g/day. Six patients (three primary visceral myopathy, two normal histology on light microscopy, one visceral myopathy secondary to scleroderma) responded, with decreased pain and vomiting, normalized bowel dysfunction and decreased episodes of ileus. Five of the six patients (83%) who responded to erythromycin were male, compared with two of the nine non‐responders (22%) (P = 0.04). Four of the six responders (67%) had histological or immunohistological visceral myopathy, compared with three of the nine patients (33%) who failed to respond. Responders were less likely than non‐responders to be taking long‐term opiates.Conclusions : Erythromycin is effective for acute episodes of ileus and chronic symptoms in some patients with chronic intestinal pseudo‐obstruction.
Development and use of a forecasting model for Cydia pomonella*
Authors: Roubal C. , Rouzet J. 
Published: March 2004

For more than 10 years, a forecasting model for Cydia pomonella in apple orchards, worked out by the French NPPO, has described the development of emergence cohorts in spring, and followed their development and descent, through the whole agricultural season. In homogeneous areas, this tool, still under development, can be used to define periods for effective treatment (ovicides, larvicides, mating disruption) and the tolerance for codling moth levels in various situations. Alternation of insecticides is provided for, so as to manage resistance phenomena. The reliability of the model is based on rigorous continuous biological checks on the forecasts made by the algorithm, on scientific surveillance by INRA and on regular collaboration between the advisers involved and the agrometeorological services. The model forms part of a wider decisional scheme, or expert system, in which the fruit grower and his adviser provide observations on the changes which cannot be provided by the model: installation of hail protection nets, night lights, fruit spreading. More parameters will be incorporated in future and the geographical validity of the model will be extended, particularly to more northerly areas.
Early warning system for grapevine in South Moravia (Czech Republic)*
Authors: Hrubý R. 
Published: March 2004

South Moravia is a very important agricultural region with 12 000 ha of fruiting vineyards. The forecasting and warning service for vineyards in this region was created in 2000 as a PHARE Project which was part of a large‐scale programme ‘Cross‐border Cooperation between Czech Republic and Austria’. The aim of the project is ecological wine production. Forty automatic meteorological stations, located in the target area, create a network linked to a central computer. Meteorological data forecasts the development of Plasmopara viticola, Erysiphe necator and Botryotinia fuckeliana on bunches. The output can be used by growers to determine the time of fungicide application. The experiences and possibilities of improvement of the warning service are presented.
VIPS – a web‐based decision support system for farmers, agricultural extension services and agricultural scientists*
Authors: Folkedal A. , Brevig C. 
Published: March 2004

In Norway, the new web‐based warning system called VIPS aims to give open access to all the information needed for farmers to reduce their reliance on plant protection products. VIPS calculates warnings for 70 weather stations for several pests in selected fruits, vegetables and cereals. Registered users may adjust the climatic data used in the models and record field observations to get private warnings. They may also use the system to record farm practices. VIPS is unique in several aspects: (1) it has a general user interface for all crops and pests, and the user gets a quick overview of which pests to look out for; (2) all warnings are site‐specific and linked to an authorized weather station which supplies validated meteorological data. The extension service supplies the validated biological data necessary to run the models; (3) the presentation is layered under the weather stations of each county. The first level gives information of danger (red), possible danger (yellow) and no danger (green) for each model (past 5 days/coming 5 days). The next three levels give information of the specific model, historical data and exact values of the input parameters used in the models for the calculations.
A web‐based decision support system for integrated management of weeds in cereals and sugarbeet*
Authors: Rydahl P. 
Published: March 2004

A Danish decision support system (DSS) named Crop Protection Online (CPO) for integrated management of weeds in cereals and beet has been developed during the past 20 years. CPO is based on a model that runs in three main steps: model step 1 quantifies the level of weed control needed on a field level, model step 2 selects candidate herbicides and calculates dose rates to meet the need, and model step 3 calculates tank mixtures of herbicides with two to four mixing components, if advantageous. CPO has been developed in cereals and beet, and various prototype versions have been validated in 1679 field tests. CPO secured yield potentials, and the level of residual weeds was not increased when compared with reference treatments. The potential of CPO to reduce herbicide use has been observed in all model crops, but the potential was greatest in cereals. In spring cereal field trials highly infested with weeds, the present version of CPO suggested 35% of one full herbicide dose on average and in winter cereals CPO suggested 44% on average of one full dose. The results from validation trials demonstrate that CPO is capable of suggesting robust treatment options with a low input of herbicides. The system architecture of CPO has been exported to Poland and the Baltic countries, and the system is expected to be suitable for export to other countries too.
The Pacific Pest List Database for agricultural trade facilitation
Authors: Vernon R. 
Published: March 2004

The Pest List Database for the Pacific is a user‐friendly database that provides information on agricultural pest occurrences within a country as required to facilitate trade in terms of the International Plant Protection Convention and International Standards For Phytosanitary Measures. Its main outputs are: (a) a pest list for any specified crop intended for export and (b) a list of pest incursions detected on imported goods from any selected country. The system is designed for use by the 22 Pacific Island countries and territories that the Secretariat of the Pacific Community serves and is so far installed in five countries with a new one being delivered every 3–4 months. It is typically delivered with a few thousand known pest occurrence records of that country, and look‐up lists of several thousand Pacific pests and a few hundred crops.
User interfaces and system architecture of a web‐based decision support system for integrated pest management in cereals*
Authors: Rydahl P. , Hagelskjær L. , Pedersen L. , Bøjer O. Q. 
Published: March 2004

A Danish decision support system (DSS) on integrated pest management (including pathogens and weeds) has been developed during the past 20 years. This DSS is distributed as an integrated part of the ‘Danish Integrated Farm Management System’, which is a PC program, of which the plant protection module presently has about 2500 subscribers in Denmark. This program has been designed to propose relevant options for treatment with plant protection products according to observations from a field inspection. The new object‐oriented web‐based system architecture of this DSS was developed in 2001. This allows local (national) adaptation of the DSS in terms of language, crops, pests, products and features. Model complexity and DSS algorithms can also be adjusted to local conditions. The system has been implemented in a relational database structure (Microsoft SQL Server) and a dynamic web application (Java and Jscript in Active Server Pages on an Internet Information Server). The system architecture has been designed with emphasis on a high level of flexibility for future adjustments due to agronomic and legal requirements. The DSS models have been linked to a pest identification module and to a comprehensive database on label information on plant protection products.
Image analysis for the identification of the quarantine pest Tilletia indica*
Authors: Chesmore D. , Bernard T. , Inman A. J. , Bowyer R. J. 
Published: March 2004

Diagnosis of the teliospores of Tilletia indica (Karnal bunt) detected in wash tests is complicated by the fact that wheat grain can be contaminated by ‘look‐alike’ species, namely Tilletia walkeri (ryegrass bunt) and Tilletia horrida (rice smut). Although morphological diagnosis is possible when there are relatively large numbers of teliospores present, it is difficult with only a few spores as there are significant overlaps in the characteristics of each species. Molecular methods can confirm presumptive identifications, but these take 2–3 weeks. Image analysis offers the potential for more rapid confirmation. An image analysis system was developed for use on bleached spores. Bleaching spores reveals additional morphological characters (spore profile and spore wall layers) that may be used in an image analysis system to discriminate species. The image‐processing software automatically locates spores on a given image and calculates perimeter, surface area, number of spines and spine size, maximum and minimum ray radius, aspect ratio and roundness. Principal components analysis (PCA) is performed on the parameters to obtain a linear separation of spore species. Accuracy of 97% in separating T. indica and T. walkeri has been achieved in preliminary tests using PCA, but further evaluation is required.
Identifying weather‐related covariates controlling grape berry moth dynamics*
Authors: Schmidt K. , Hoppmann D. , Holst H. , Berkelmann‐Löhnertz B. 
Published: March 2004

The use of plant protection products requires precise forecasting of the susceptible larval stages of the grape berry moths Lobesia botrana and Eupoecilia ambiguella as these dynamics vary with the weather pattern of a particular year. The objective of this research has been to partition the relative influence of specific climatic factors on the dynamics of these insects. Data taken from 7 years of continuous monitoring of the flight occurrence of male adults, and of the following development stages (i.e. eggs and larvae), was analysed by a generalized Leslie process. The model type reduces the population to three probabilities: development, survival and fertility. Each probability can be modelled as a function of the associated weather factors, while the functional relationships and the model parameters are established. The analysis started with the simplest approach and, in a step‐by‐step procedure, model complexity was added until a sufficient fit to the overall data set was achieved. Within the magnitude of the model, development rates were controlled solely by temperature, but the duration of single stages (i.e. survival) was found to be affected by a combination of temperature and relative humidity. The model represents a combination of mechanisms within a season with empirical components.
Mapping potential exposure to drift of plant protection products*
Authors: Golla B. , Enzian S. , Gutsche V. 
Published: March 2004

A proposal for a practical, site‐specific approach for farmers has been developed to fulfil the drift restrictions and directions imposed on a registered plant protection product. The approach is based on exposure potential maps, primarily taking account of regional and local application conditions that reduce non‐target exposure. Firstly, the maps are focused on the spray drift exposure pathway. Using geographically referenced data, we have developed four exposure indicators that allow classification of potential non‐target exposure on the basis of local application conditions. This enables us to manage product application restrictions on a field‐to‐field basis by means of the exposure class to which each field is assigned. This easy‐to‐understand information can be distributed as paper maps or as digital maps to the farmer. The farmer himself no longer needs to assess whether local conditions reduce non‐target exposure. All calculations are carried out using very detailed topographic data which suit scales from 1:10 000 to 1:25 000. Processing and analysis of the GeoData is realized through GIS technology.