bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Social adversity and mental functions in adolescents at high risk of psychopathology
Authors: Goodyer Ian M. 
Published: October 2002

BackgroundSocial adversities are accepted as critical factors in the development of psychopathology in young people, but the precise mechanisms of this relationship are unknown.AimsTo explore sources of evidence and suggest future lines of research to clarify the relationship between exposure to negative circumstances and development of psychopathology in young people.MethodSelective survey of the literature to collect a series of hypotheses that might serve as a framework for future research.Results and conclusionsEvidence to date suggests there is no simple relationship between adverse life events and the subsequent emergence of psychopathology. The interplay of acute and chronic stressors over the lifespan with affective temperament; the interrelationship of ‘sensitivity’ and ‘performance’ cognitions in response to life events; and limbic-cortical neural networks are all indicated as important avenues of future research.
Adult psychosis, common childhood infections and neurological soft signs in a national birth cohort
Authors: Leask Stuart J. , Done D. John , Crow Timothy J. 
Published: October 2002

BackgroundNeurological soft signs preceding adult-onset schizophrenia suggest a neurodevelopmental origin and could reflect physical illness in childhood.AimsTo investigate possible associations of adult-onset psychosis with neurological soft signs and common infectious illnesses in childhood.MethodUsing data from the UK National Child Development Study, a longitudinal general population sample, odds ratios were calculated for clinical diagnoses of common childhood viral illnesses and later adult psychotic illness, childhood epilepsy and a range of neurological soft signs.ResultsThe number of illnesses per individual did not relate either to the number of soft signs, or to any particular adult outcome. Schizophrenia, affective psychosis and epilepsy were not associated with common childhood illness but were associated with neurological soft signs and an increased, but small, frequency of previous meningitis and tuberculosis.ConclusionsOverall the data support the notion of neurological soft signs as markers of disordered neurodevelopment in schizophrenia (but the early neurological abnormalities are not caused by infectious illness) and an association between meningitis or tuberculosis in childhood and a small proportion of cases of epilepsy, affective psychosis and schizophrenia.
Survivors of the Piper Alpha oil platform disaster: long-term follow-up study
Authors: Hull Alastair M. , Alexander David A. , Klein Susan 
Published: October 2002

BackgroundThe long-term psychological effects of surviving a major disaster are poorly understood. We undertook a survey of survivors of the Piper Alpha oil platform disaster (1988).AimsTo examine the role of factors relating to the trauma, the survivors and the survivors' circumstances.MethodTen years after the disaster, 78% (46/59) of the survivors were located, of whom 72% (33/46) agreed to be interviewed. A further three individuals completed postal measures.ResultsThe most stringent diagnostic criteria for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) were met by 21% (7/33) of the survivors over 10 years after the disaster. Features such as physical injury, personal experience and survivor guilt were associated with significantly higher levels of post-traumatic symptoms.ConclusionsA narrow definition of factors affecting outcome will limit the potential for improving survivor well-being in the long-term after major disasters. Specific symptoms that are not included in the criteria for the diagnosis of PTSD, together with issues such as re-employment, need to be addressed.
The influence of patient variables on polypharmacy and combined high dose of antipsychotic drugs prescribed for in-patients
Authors: Lelliott Paul , Paton Carol , Harrington Maria , Konsolaki Maria , Sensky Tom , Okocha Chike 
Published: October 2002

Aims and MethodA1-day census, involving 3576 psychiatric in-patients prescribed antipsychotic medication, was conducted as a prelude to a multi-centre audit. The aim was to explore the extent to which a number of patient variables explain antipsychotic polypharmacy and the use of high doses of these drugs.ResultsPrescriptions of more than one type of antipsychotic drug were made for 50.5% of patients. Patient factors that influenced the probability of polypharmacy were: younger age, being male, detained under the Mental Health Act and on a rehabilitation or forensic ward, and a diagnosis of schizophrenia. The effect of ethnicity was not significant. Polypharmacy was the most powerful factor influencing the probability of being prescribed a high dose. Identified patient variables accounted for only 18% of the variance in dose prescribed.Clinical ImplicationsThe patient and clinician factors that account for the unexplained variance need to be identified.
The results of a multi-centre audit of the prescribing of antipsychotic drugs for in-patients in the UK
Authors: Harrington Maria , Lelliott Paul , Paton Carol , Okocha Chike , Duffett Richard , Sensky Tom 
Published: October 2002

Aims and MethodForty-seven UK mental health services participated in a 1-day audit of prescribing of antipsychotic drugs. Audit standards were derived from national guidelines and consensus statements.ResultsOf the 3132 patients, 20% were prescribed a total dose of antipsychotic medication above that recommended by the British National Formulary. The majority of case notes failed to record an indication for high-dose prescribing or that the patient had been informed; only 8% had undergone an electrocardiogram. Forty-eight per cent of patients were prescribed more than one antipsychotic drug.Clinical ImplicationsAntipsychotic prescribing for in-patients often runs counter to existing guideline recommendations. It is likely that many patients who are prescribed high doses or polypharmacy are unaware that their prescription is out of line with guideline recommendations and is inadequately monitored.
Variation between services in polypharmacy and combined high dose of antipsychotic drugs prescribed for in-patients
Authors: Harrington Maria , Lelliott Paul , Paton Carol , Konsolaki Maria , Sensky Tom , Okocha Chike 
Published: October 2002

Aims and MethodA 1-day census provided an opportunity to examine the variation between 44 mental health services in the frequency of prescribing high doses and polypharmacy of antipsychotic drugs to in-patients on acute psychiatric wards.ResultsThe proportion of patients prescribed a high dose ranged 0–50% and simultaneous use of more than one antipsychotic drug ranged 12–71%. A number of case-mix variables explained 26% and 40%, respectively, of the variance between services on these two indicators of prescribing practice.Clinical ImplicationsServices with high rates of prescription of high dose or polypharmacy might consider a review of clinical practice and of service-level factors that might affect prescribing.
Attitudes of psychiatrists to evidence-based guidelines
Authors: Rees Harvey , Sipos Attila , Spence Matthew , Harrison Glynn 
Published: October 2002

Aims and MethodWe aimed to survey clinicians' attitudes on using evidence-based guidelines. A postal questionnaire based on a previous survey of general practitioners was sent to 105 psychiatrists working within Avon and Western Wiltshire Mental Health Partnership NHS Trust.ResultsThere was a 91% response rate. Respondents were generally in favour of clinical guidelines, with scores indicating a positive attitude to guidelines in 13 of the 18 statements. The majority felt that guidelines were effective in improving patient care, could be used flexibly to suit individual patients and did not impinge on their clinical judgement.Clinical ImplicationsPsychiatrists welcomed the increasing use of guidelines. Further research is needed to determine whether this will translate into actual use and improved outcomes for patients.
Health status and health‐related quality of life associated with hemophilia
Authors: Barr Ronald D. , Saleh Mahassen , Furlong William , Horsman John , Sek Julia , Pai Mohan , Walker Irwin 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe hemophilias are a group of disorders associated with a chronic burden of morbidity and early mortality. Improvements in these adverse features have been achieved by the use of clotting factor concentrates within comprehensive centers of specialized care providing home infusion programs. Offsetting effects from transfusion‐transmitted hepatitis and HIV infection are in recent decline. The net impact of these changes merits assessment. To test the a priori hypotheses that increasing severity of factor VIII deficiency would be associated with an increasing burden or morbidity and that hepatitis and HIV positivity would impair health status further, a cross‐sectional study of a population‐based cohort was undertaken in a regional hemophilia program in Ontario, Canada. A survey was made of mild, moderate, and severe hemophiliacs over 13 years of age who self‐reported their health status using a standard 15‐item questionnaire. The responses were converted to levels in the Health Utilities Index Mark 2 (HUI2) and Mark 3 (HUI3) health status classification systems to form multi‐element vectors from which single‐attribute morbidity and overall health‐related quality of life utility scores were determined. The burden of morbidity was greater in hemophiliacs than in the general population and correlated with the category of disease (mild < moderate < severe). Hepatitis and HIV positivity conferred additional burdens of morbidity, which were mainly in the attributes of mobility (HUI2), ambulation (HUI3), and pain (HUI2/3), all of these differences reaching levels of statistical significance. Despite demonstrable improvements in the safety, effectiveness, and utilization of clotting factor concentrates, hemophiliacs continue to experience an important burden of morbidity. Measurement of this burden, as reported here, provides a basis for future economic evaluation of the costs and consequences of health care interventions provided to this population. Am. J. Hematol. 71:152–160, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Danazol for the treatment of thrombocytopenia in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome
Authors: Chan Geoffrey , DiVenuti Gina , Miller Kenneth 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThrombocytopenia is a poor prognostic indicator in the myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). Treatment options for patients with symptomatic thrombocytopenia are limited. Danazol, an attenuated androgen, may have some efficacy in increasing the platelet count of patients with MDS. We retrospectively reviewed 33 patients with primary MDS who were treated with danazol for 6 or more weeks. After 6 weeks on danazol, the mean platelet count increased from 42 × 109/L to 60 × 109/L (P < 0.015), and 25 out of 33 patients (76%) had an increase in their platelet counts. Following 12 weeks of treatment, the mean platelet count increased to 67 × 109/L (P < 0.005), and 21 out of 29 patients (72%) had an increase in their platelet counts. Seven out of nine patients no longer required platelet transfusions because bleeding stopped after 6 weeks on danazol. Mean duration of response was 10 months (range 2–68 months). Responses were seen in all French‐American‐British (FAB) subtypes and in all International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS) scores. Therapy was well tolerated. Danazol may be effective in MDS patients who are thrombocytopenic. Am. J. Hematol. 71:166–171, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Treatment of a patient with end‐stage renal disease with Rituximab: Pharmacokinetic evaluation suggests Rituximab is not eliminated by hemodialysis
Authors: Jillella Anand P. , Dainer Paul M. , Kallab Andre M. , Ustun Celalettin 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to determine if therapeutic levels of Rituximab could be achieved in a patient with renal failure being dialyzed and if Rituximab is removed by hemodialysis. A 54‐year‐old man with low‐grade lymphoma and renal failure on hemodialysis received 8 weekly treatments of Rituximab at 375 mg/M2. Serum Rituximab levels were obtained before and after each treatment, before and after dialysis following each treatment, as well as in the dialysate fluid. The serum levels of Rituximab increased gradually with each treatment and were comparable to levels in patients with normal renal function. The postdialysis levels were higher than the predialysis levels as a consequence of hemo‐concentration after dialysis. Rituximab was not detected in the dialysate fluid. The patient developed life‐threatening hyperkalemia after the fourth treatment, which we believe occurred secondary to tumor lysis. Therapeutic levels of Rituximab may be maintained in patients undergoing dialysis. Rituximab is not eliminated by hemodialysis. Am. J. Hematol. 71:219–222, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Severe congenital Factor VII deficiency associated with the 13q deletion syndrome
Authors: Hewson Michael P. , Carter John M. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe first reported case of clinically significant congenital Factor VII deficiency in association with the 13q deletion syndrome is presented. It illustrates the importance of knowledge of the specific genes involved in gross deletion syndromes and adds to the current clinical experience of this rare disease. Am. J. Hematol. 71:232–233, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of ABO blood group on the collagen‐binding assay for von Willebrand factor
Authors: Haley Erin , Babar Nadiya , Ritter Cory , Downes Katharine A. , Green Deana , Shurin Susan , Sarode Ravindra 
Published: October 2002

Abstractvon Willebrand disease (VWD) is the most common congenital bleeding disorder and is caused by a quantitative or qualitative abnormality of von Willebrand factor (VWF). Ristocetin cofactor (RCoF) assay is used to evaluate VWF activity, but it does not assess collagen‐binding activity. Normal values of RCoF and VWF antigen vary with ABO blood group type. The collagen‐binding assay (CBA) measures VWF activity; however, its relationship with ABO blood group has not been completely explored. We performed CBA on plasma samples from 131 healthy volunteers to determine if CBA values correlated with blood type. Individuals with blood group O had a mean CBA value of 94 ± 28%, which was significantly different from the mean of 117 ± 33% in persons with non‐O blood groups (P = 0.0001). Thus, CBA values appear to correlate with ABO blood type in a manner similar to RCoF. Am. J. Hematol. 71:229–231, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
On bidirectional English–Arabic search
Authors: Aljlayl M. , Frieder O. , Grossman D. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractIn Cross‐Language Information Retrieval (CLIR), queries in one language retrieve relevant documents in other languages. Machine‐Readable Dictionaries (MRD) and Machine Translation (MT) systems are important resources for query translation in CLIR. We investigate the use of MT systems and MRD to Arabic–English and English–Arabic CLIR. The translation ambiguity associated with these resources is the key problem. We present three methods of query translation using a bilingual dictionary for Arabic–English CLIR. First, we present the Every‐Match (EM) method. This method yields ambiguous translations because many extraneous terms are added to the original query. To disambiguate query translation, we present the First‐Match (FM) method that considers the first match in the dictionary as the candidate term. Finally, we present the Two‐Phase (TP) method. We show that good retrieval effectiveness can be achieved without complex resources using the Two‐Phase method for Arabic–English CLIR. We also empirically evaluate the effectiveness of the Arabic–English MT approach using short, medium, and long queries of TREC7 and TREC9 topics and collections. The effects of the query length to the quality of the MT‐based CLIR are investigated. English–Arabic CLIR is evaluated via MRD and English–Arabic MT. The query expansion via posttranslation approach is used to deemphasize the extraneous terms introduced by the MRD and MT for English–Arabic CLIR.
A preliminary evaluation of the differences in the glycosylation of alpha‐1‐acid glycoprotein between individual liver diseases
Authors: Anderson Nicola , Pollacchi Aileen , Hayes Peter , Therapondos George , Newsome Philip , Boyter Anne , Smith Kevin 
Published: October 2002

AbstractDuring the acute phase response (APR) to tissue injury or infection, the liver is responsible for the level of mediators such as cytokines required at the site of inflammation and providing the essential components for wound healing and tissue repair. Additionally there are substantial alterations in the expression of plasma proteins of hepatic origin such as alpha‐1‐acid glycoprotein (AGP). The APR also results in alterations to the branching, sialylation and fucosylation of the oligosaccharide chains of AGP. This study investigated whether liver damage could be correlated with changes in AGP glycosylation in groups of patients with various liver diseases (alcoholic liver disease, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, cirrhosis). Hyperfucosylation occurred in all cases of liver disease, although the hepatitis B and C samples showed a more significant increase in comparison with the others. Additionally N‐acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) was detected in the majority of the hepatitis C samples, which was unexpected since this monosaccharide is not a usual component of the N‐linked oligosaccharide chains. It was also determined by concanavalin (con) A chromatography that there is a shift towards the increased branching of the oligosaccharide chains in inflammatory liver diseases compared to normal serum. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Percutaneous mitral balloon valvuloplasty in pregnant women with mitral stenosis
Authors: Nercolini Deborah Christina , Bueno Ronaldo da Rocha Loures , Eduardo Guérios Ênio , Tarastchuk José Carlos , Pacheco Álvaro Luis , Andrade Paulo Mauricio Piá de , Cunha Claudio Leinig Pereira da , Germiniani Hélio 
Published: October 2002

AbstractForty‐four consecutive pregnant patients with mitral stenosis were submitted to percutaneous mitral valvuloplasty (PMV) over a period of 12 years. The mean age was 28 ± 6 years and the mean gestational age was 23 ± 6 weeks. The mean mitral valve area had a significant increase from 1.17 ± 0.26 to 2.06 ± 0.41 cm2 (P = 0.0000). The mean mitral valve gradient decreased from 16.22 ± 5.55 to 7.94 ± 3.75 mm Hg (P = 0.0001). The procedure was performed successfully in 95% of the patients and there were no major complications. Concerning labor and delivery, we evaluated 37 patients. Thirty patients (81%) reached term and delivered normal infants. Seven patients (18.9%) delivered prematurely, resulting in two fetal death; one patient delivered a stillborn. We concluded that PMV is a safe procedure for the treatment of mitral stenosis in pregnant patients, providing significant symptomatic relief and better clinical conditions for labor and delivery. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2002;57:318–322. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Resolution of refractory no‐reflow with intracoronary epinephrine
Authors: Skelding Kimberly A. , Goldstein James A. , Mehta Laxmi , Pica Mark C. , O'Neill William W. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractRefractory no‐reflow is associated with adverse outcomes in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. Charts were reviewed to identify 29 consecutive patients in whom intracoronary epinephrine was administered for refractory no‐reflow. The effects of intracoronary epinephrine on coronary flow (TIMI grade), cardiac rhythm, and systolic blood pressure in the cardiac catheterization laboratory were assessed. Administration of intracoronary epinephrine (mean dose, 139 ± 189 μg) resulted in significant improvement in coronary flow. After administration, TIMI 3 flow was established in 69% of patients. Overall, TIMI flow significantly increased (mean TIMI flow form 1.0 ± 1.0 to 2.66 ± 0.55; P = 0.0001). Intracoronary epinephrine resulted in significant but tolerable increase in heart rate (72 ± 19 to 86 ± 26 beats/min; P = 0.009), but no cases of acute dysrhythmia. These findings indicate that intracoronary epinephrine may exert salutary effects in patients suffering refractory no‐reflow following elective or acute coronary interventions. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2002;57:305–309. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prospective randomized study of N‐acetylcysteine, fenoldopam, and saline for prevention of radiocontrast‐induced nephropathy
Authors: Allaqaband Suhail , Tumuluri Ramagopal , Malik Ahmed M. , Gupta Anjan , Volkert Paul , Shalev Yoseph , Bajwa Tanvir K. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe objective of this study was to compare the efficacy of N‐acetylcysteine (NAC), fenoldopam, and saline in preventing radiocontrast‐induced nephropathy (RCIN) in high‐risk patients undergoing cardiovascular procedures. We prospectively enrolled 123 patients who were scheduled for cardiovascular procedures and had a baseline creatinine > 1.6 mg/dl or creatinine clearance of < 60 ml/min. Patients were randomly assigned to receive either saline (0.45% normal saline at 1 cc/kg) for 12 hr before and 12 hr after the procedure, or fenoldopam (0.1 μg/kg/min) plus saline for 4 hr prior and 4 hr after the procedure, or NAC orally (600 mg) plus saline every 12 hr for 24 hr prior and 24 hr after the procedure. All the patients received low‐osmolality nonionic contrast. RCIN was defined as an increase in creatinine level > 0.5 mg/dl after 48 hr. The incidence of RCIN was 17.7% in the NAC group, 15.3% in the saline group, and 15.7% in the fenoldopam group (P = 0.919). Of the 20 patients who developed RCIN, 2 required dialysis. Serum creatinine decreased after 48 hr (vs. baseline) in 38% patients in the NAC group, 18% in the fenoldopam group, and 15% in the saline group. In patients with chronic renal insufficiency, NAC or fenoldopam offered no additional benefit over hydration with saline in preventing RCIN. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2002;57:279–283. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Coronary artery fistula embolization in an infant with pulmonary atresia intact ventricular septum: A case report
Authors: Garabedian Carl P. , Mosca Ralph S. , Hellenbrand William E. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThis report presents a case of pulmonary atresia/intact ventricular septum with right ventricular‐dependent coronary circulation. At 7 months of age, the infant underwent coil embolization of the connection between the right ventricle and the coronary circulation. The child is currently well following surgical decompression of the right ventricle. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2002;57:371–373. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Transcatheter patch occlusion of experimental atrial septal defects
Authors: Sideris Eleftherios B. , Sideris Chrysoula E. , Stamatelopoulos Stamatis F. , Moulopoulos Spyridon D. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe effectiveness and safety of transcatheter patch atrial septal defect (ASD) occlusion were studied in 20 piglets. Experimental atrial septal defects were created by foramen ovale dilation. ASDs were corrected by polyurethane patches of two types (flat and sleeve). Specially made balloon catheters supported the patches for periods varying from 1 to 6 days; after this period, the supporting catheters were withdrawn and the patches were released. All transcatheter patches were safely embedded in the atrial septum 48 hr or more after implantation. All defects were fully occluded. One patch became infected. The transcatheter patch experimental ASD occlusion method was found effective and safe, potentially applicable in the occlusion of human ASDs. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2002;57:404–407. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.