bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) Expression among Tumor Samples from Iraqi Patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Yahya Alaa Qasim , A Rajab Alhamadani Zina , Z. Ahmed Samir , Fawzi Hussain Ahmad 
Published: February 2025

Background: In a subgroup of patients with advanced stage lung cancer, immunotherapy that specifically targets the PD-L1/PD-1 pathway has been demonstrated to enhance survival. Expression of PD-L1 in cancer cells has been recognized as a promising biomarker for predicting the probable response of patients to anti-PD-L1 or anti-PD-1 therapy. The objective of this study is to examine the frequency of PD-L1 expression in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in Iraqi patients and its association with clinicopathological parameters that can offer useful insights for making treatment approaches more effective and enhancing clinical outcomes.Methods: This is a cross sectional study on 94 non-small cell lung cancer tumor samples collected from teaching laboratories of Medical City Teaching Complex. The programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression was evaluated using immunohistochemistry. PD-L1 protein expression level is established by usage of Tumor Proportion Score (TPS). The specimen would be regarded to possess positive PD-L1expression result if the TPS ≥ 1% and to have high PD-L1 expression if the TPS ≥ 50%. PD-L1 expression is then compared with different clincopathological features.Results: Positive PD-L1 expression (≥1%) was seen in 39 cases (41.5%) of NSCLC patients. In 12 cases (12.7%), there was high expression in ≥50% of tumor cells. of NSCLCs. A non-significant association was found between age& PD-L1 scores. While PD-L1 levels were significantly expressed with higher levels in female patients than males.Conclusions: High levels of PD-L1 expression is observed in a significant percentage of NSCLC. Immunohistochemistry is needed to reveal cases that benefit from immunotherapy. A lower patient age was correlated with higher PD-L1 expression.Keywords: Programmed cell death ligand 1, Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer, Tumor proportion score
A novel combinatorial approach for the Identification of Cutibacterium namnetense and Cutibacterium modestum from Facial Acne Samples
Authors: Sivasamugham Lalita Ambigai , Subramaniam Geetha , Shing Wong Ling , Gunabalasingam Preamala , Visayaragawan Nithiya , Ramli Nurfara Ain , Li-Lian Gan , Vythilingam Ravindran , Agarwal Anshoo 
Published: February 2025

Background: Cutibacterium spp. is one of the most understudied bacteria and this is owed to its slow growing nature and its stringent requirement for anoxic conditions. To date, shortgun metagenomic sequencing and MALDI-TOF MS are widely used for species detection but, the latter is not able to distinguish C. acnes from C. modestum and C. namnetense. Our study has innovatively combined colony morphology, biochemical assays and16s rRNA gene sequencing to identify C. acnes as well as the underreported C. namnetense and C. modestum from facial clinical acne samples.Methods: The clinical samples were obtained using a non-invasive method from acne patients at the Dermatology Clinic of Hospital Tuanku Jaafar, Seremban, Malaysia between January 2022 to December 2022. Colonies of Cutibacterium spp. were screened on BHI agar followed by subjecting them to the catalase and indole tests. The isolates were verified as Cutibacterium spp. using API20A and 16s rRNA Sanger gene sequencing.Result: Out of 68 Cutibacterium spp. isolates, 3 were identified as C. modestum and 1 as C. namnetense while the rest were C. acnes. All isolates were present as raised, white colonies with 0.03 to 1mm in diameter on BHI agar. 89.71% of these isolates were indole producers. All isolates were identified as C. acnes in API20A but, the 16srRNA gene sequencing revealed 4 isolates as C. modestum and C. namnetense.Conclusion: This study is the first to report the isolation of C. namnetense and C. modestum in clinical facial acne samples from Malaysia and across Asia, employing a modified combination of morphological, biochemical, and 16srRNA gene analyses. This methodical yet straightforward approach serves as a viable alternative in research settings lacking access to advanced techniques like MALDI-TOF and shotgun metagenomic sequencing. Moreover, this conventional isolation approach is valuable in assessing the sensitivity of the isolates to inhibitory agents apart from antibiotics, expanding researchers' abilities to develop potent antibacterial agents required for human health and wellbeing.Keywords: Acne; Clinical Samples; Combinatorial; Identification
Androgen Receptor (AR) ablation encumbers the expansion and function of T regulatory cells (Treg) in a male mouse model
Authors: Altuwaijri Saleh , Albarrak Saleh Mohammed 
Published: February 2025

Background: Many autoimmune diseases have a higher prevalence in females than males but there is no clear explanation for this phenomenon. Naturally occurring CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ Treg cells carry out a vital role in immune tolerance. We postulate that androgen may influence Treg cells differentiation and function.Methods: Eight to twelve weeks old wild-type (WT) and androgen receptor knockout (ARKO) male mice (C57BL/6) were utilized. Treg cells in diverse lymphoid organs were separated with an easySep selection kit and sorted with FACSAria. Treg cells were phenotypically and functionally characterized by flow cytometry analysis (FACS) and an in vitro immune suppressive assay. Results: Significantly Lower prevalence of thymic and peripheral Treg cells were noted in ARKO mice compared to the WT mice. Sorted ARKO Treg cells were functionally less suppressive than their counterparts in WT mice.Conclusion: Our data suggest that the androgen receptor (AR) signaling pathway may be implicated in Treg cell expansion and function. To our knowledge, this study is the first to look into how AR knockout affects Treg cells. Therefore, it might flashlight the mechanisms of inflammatory and autoimmune disease.Keywords: Androgen receptor; ARKO mice; Immunity; Immunosuppression; Treg cells
Ruellia tuberosa L. Leaf Extract Improves Histopathological Damages in Kidneys of Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats
Authors: Gordon Camelia Elizabeth , Solikhah Tridiganita Intan , Yuniarti Wiwik Misaco , Miftakhurrozaq Ragil Kusnandar 
Published: February 2025

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a Non-Communicable Disease (NCD) characterized by hyperglycemia and insulin dysfunction, leading to redox imbalance and increased Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). This oxidative stress condition can lead to kidney damage. While drugs like metformin are commonly used to treat diabetes, they can also cause damage to the kidney. Therefore, exploring natural alternatives, such as Ruellia tuberosa L. leaves, is important to minimize side effects and protect kidney function.Methods: This study used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with five treatments and five replications. The negative control group received distilled water, while the positive control group was injected with alloxan (150 mg/kgBW) and treated with metformin (50 mg/kg BW). Treatment groups (P1, P2, and P3) received alloxan (150 mg/kg BW) and Ruellia tuberosa L. extract at doses of 200, 400, and 800 mg/kg BW, respectively. Data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test, and if the extract showed an effect on the kidney condition, post hoc analysis with the Mann-Whitney test was performed.Results: The results of the study showed that there was kidney damage characterized by glomerular necrosis, degeneration of tubular cells, and necrosis of renal tubular cells due to alloxan induction. However, giving Ruellia tuberosa L. extract at doses of 200, 400, and 800 mg/kgBW can prevent kidney damage.Conclusion: The data analysis results indicate that the Ruellia tuberosa L. leaf extract can prevent kidney damage in alloxan-induced diabetic white rats, with the recommended effective dose of 800 mg/kgBW.Keywords: Alloxan, Degeneration, Diabetes, Necrosis, Tubules
Batch fermentation and GC-MS analysis of biocontrol agent, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain KSAS6 and its impact on soilborne fungus, Sclerotium bataticola
Authors: Al-Askar Abdulaziz A. , Al-Otibi Fatimah O. , Yassin Mohamed T. , Abo-Zaid Gaber A. , Abdelkhalek Ahmed 
Published: February 2025

Background: Sclerotium bataticola, a soil-born fungus, is responsible for charcoal rot in a variety of plants. It is also responsible for causing substantial damage to a wide range of horticultural crops around the world.Methods: Fifteen different Bacillus isolates were isolated and evaluated for their ability to inhibit S. batatacola's growth. The promising bacterial isolate was molecularly identified using NCBI-Blast and phylogenetic tree analysis of the 16S rRNA gene. Batch fermentation was performed in a stirred tank bioreactor to maximize culture biomass and secondary metabolite synthesis. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to discover secondary metabolite compounds.Results: The KSAS6 isolate was the most effective for inhibiting the fungal growth of mycelial cells, with a 48.2% inhibition percentage. The probable biocontrol agent, B. amyloliquefaciens strain KSAS6, was identified and recorded in GenBank under the accession number PQ271636. The culture biomass and secondary metabolites were maximized by the batch fermentation technique, reaching the highest achievable level of 2.1 g L-1 at 11 hours. This was accomplished while maintaining a steady specific growth rate (µ) of 0.13 h-1. Based on the observations, the biomass yield coefficient was found to be 0.37 g cells/g glucose. Among the 21 secondary metabolite compounds identified in GC-MS analysis, diisooctyl phthalate was the highest compound (43.31%).Conclusion: The strain of rhizobacterium B. amyloliquefaciens known as KSAS6 can inhibit the growth of S. bataticola, which makes it a promising candidate for the biocontrol of fungal infections in plants.Keywords: Sclerotium bataticola; Bacillus amyloliquefaciens; Batch fermentation; Secondary metabolites; antifungal
The Effects of Neurotoxic Insecticides on Insect Antioxidant System Parameters: A Mini-Review
Authors: Maslakova Kseniya , Silivanova Elena 
Published: February 2025

The resistance of insects to insecticides is one of the most pressing problems of our time. The study of resistance mechanisms is an important link in addressing a whole range of fundamental and practical problems of modern biology. The long-term and intensive use of insecticidal products was caused by the resistance development of different insect populations. Exposure to insecticides results in oxidative stress and changes in the antioxidant status of insects. The current review was aimed to accumulate the results of studies of neurotoxic insecticides in terms of their impacts on the parameters of the insect antioxidant system. Literature sources were searched by utilizing electronic databases. The gathered information was studied and structured. The review characterizes the insect antioxidant system, classifies insecticides by mechanism of action, and demonstrates the link between insecticide exposure and oxidative stress. The results show that insecticides with different active ingredients can have a significant effect on the antioxidant status of insects of different species. In some cases, this is manifested by an increase in activities of enzymes and in other cases – by a decrease. Thus, the stimulation of oxidative stress and the impairment of insect antioxidant capacity are the toxicity mechanisms of most insecticides..Keywords: Insects; Insecticide Resistance; Insecticides; Antioxidant System; Oxidative Stress; Lipid Peroxidation; Enzymes; Reactive Oxygen Species
Identification of Allium cepa compounds as Promising Inhibitors against Lung Cancer: An in-Silico Study
Authors: Alsharif Fatmah Hazza 
Published: February 2025

Background: Lung cancer is one of the primary causes of cancer-related deaths, and treatment options for advanced-stage disease remain restricted. Overexpression of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has been linked to the development of certain cancers. Double-mutated EGFR is an important oncogenic protein in many lung cancer instances. Allium cepa, a common condiment herb, is known for its medical and pharmacological benefits.Methods: The bioactive compound of A. cepa was obtained from the LOTUS database in ‘sdf’ format, and then converted into ‘pdbqt’ format. The prepared compounds library was screened against the double-mutated EGFR using the insilico tool PyRx 0.8 to determine the binding conformations with the lowest binding energies.Result: Eighteen compounds were found to strongly bind with the EGFR protein and have lower binding energy than the cocrystal ligand, with the top five hits being LTS0258243, LTS0042303, LTS0058192, LTS0104946, and LTS0145270. The Asn842, Asp855, Lys745, Met790, Gln791, Leu792, Met793, Ala743, Leu844, Leu718, Val726, Thr854, and Phe723 residues of EGFR were important in binding to these hit compounds. In addition, these compounds have good drug-like properties.Conclusion: The compounds LTS0258243, LTS0042303, LTS0058192, LTS0104946, and LTS0145270 can be used as EGFR inhibitors to manage lung cancer. However, additional experimental studies are required to validate these compounds as EGFR inhibitors.Keywords: Lung cancer, EGFR, Allium cepa, bioactive compounds, virtual screening
Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy: Navigating Controversies and Pioneering Advances
Authors: Khan Saif , Ahmad Saheem , Khan Mahvish , Lohani Mohtashim , Khan Mohammad Sajid , Haneef Mohd. 
Published: February 2025

This review examines Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy (DPN), a significant complication of diabetes affecting nearly half of diabetic patients. DPN is crucial to understand due to its high prevalence and profound impact on patients’ quality of life, causing pain, sensory loss, motor dysfunction, and heightened risks of foot ulcers and amputations. As a leading cause of disability, grasping DPN’s pathophysiology, early diagnosis, and treatment options are essential for alleviating its burden. Key facets of DPN include its complex pathophysiology stemming from chronic hyperglycemia, oxidative stress, inflammation, and vascular problems that damage nerves. The review highlights the rising rates of diabetes and DPN in regions like Saudi Arabia, noting that factors such as poor glycemic control, prolonged diabetes duration, and comorbidities like hypertension significantly contribute to DPN progression. Diagnostic challenges are also addressed; traditional nerve conduction studies are gold standards yet limited in detecting early-stage neuropathy, especially small-fiber damage. Emerging methods, like skin biopsy and corneal confocal microscopy, show promise for earlier detection. Treatment mainly focuses on glycemic control and pain management without reversing nerve damage. Innovative therapies targeting DPN mechanisms include antioxidant treatments, anti-inflammatory agents, and phytomedicine, which utilizes bioactive compounds for their neuroprotective effects. The review concludes by stressing the need for ongoing research into DPN's molecular mechanisms and the development of personalized medicine approaches, which could significantly enhance patient outcomes.Keywords: Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy; DPN induced disability; DPN Pathophysiology; DPN treatment; DPN controversies
Peran Mahasiswa Dalam Pendidikan Karakter Siswa Terhadap Guru dan Orang Tua
Authors: Fahrurrozi Fahrurrozi , Hasanah Jannatun , Wirebakti Lalu Muhamad Subuh , Sahabudin Sahabudin , Maimunah Siti , Sulman Sulman , Zaitun Zaitun , Ningrat Lalu Arjuna , Susani Eka , Satriawan Rodi , Ima Arima , Ima Muslimah , Mariani Siti , Mislika Mislika , Jayadi Ruslan , Ardiansyah Lalu Dwi Satria 
Published: February 2025

Kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini dilakukan untuk mengatasi masalah perilaku menyimpang yang dilakukan anak-anak Desa Pengembur yang jauh dari nilai- nilai karakter bangsa Indonesia berdasar Pancasila. Berdasarkan permintaan kepala sekolah untuk tim melaksanakan kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat, Tujuan kegiatan PkM ini adalah menjadikan beberapa orang siswa model sebagai kader pendidikan karakter dan melakukan pembelajaran nilai- nilai karakter yang diaudio-visualkan (divideokan) serta meningkatkan kemampuan penalaran nilai dan orientasi nilai para siswa berbasis nilai-nilai Pancasila. Untuk mencapai tujuan ini kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini dilakukan dengan metode,tanya jawab dan diskusi, pemberian pendampingan dan fasilitasi unjuk kerja serta kegiatan evaluasi dan refleksi pengalaman belajar. Berdasarkan hasil evaluasi pelaksanaan pengabdian masyarakat, diketahui bahwa 81 % menyatakan bahwa metode,tanya jawab dan diskusi, pemberian pendampingan dan fasilitasi unjuk kerja serta kegiatan evaluasi dan refleksi pengalaman belajar cocok untuk digunakan dalam menanamkan pendidikan karakter kepada siswa. Mengenai keberlanjutan program pendidikan karakter kontribusi sosial ini, guru dan siswa sangat setuju untuk dilaksanakan kembali.
Formulasi dan Evaluasi Sediaan Gel Hand Sanitizer Ekstrak Tangkai Sirih Merah (Piper crocatum)
Authors: Putra Gilang Pratama , Amrulloh Lalu Sanik Wahyu Fadil , Wahyuni Ika , Wisnu M. Ari 
Published: February 2025

Tangkai sirih merah (Piper crocatum) mengandung beberapa senyawa seperti flavonoid, alkaloid, dan tanin yang berpotensi sebagai antimikroba. Ekstrak tangkai sirih merah (Piper crocatum) dibuat dengan metode maserasi menggunakan pelarut etanol 70%. Sediaan gel diformulasikan menggunakan kombinasi bahan seperti carbopol 940, gliserin, metil paraben, dan trietanolamin. Setelah dilakukan pembuatan formulasi gel, dilanjutkan evaluasi sediaan diantaranya uji organoleptik, homogenitas, pH (keasaman), daya sebar, viskositas (kekentalan), dan daya lekat. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diperoleh sediaan gel hand sanitizer yang stabil secara fisik. Formulasi gel yang dihasilkan memiliki viskositas yang sesuai sehingga mudah diaplikasikan, dan memberikan sensasi lembut pada kulit.
PERAN BLOCKCHAIN DALAM MEMBANGUN KEPERCAYAAN DAN TRANSPARANSI DALAM BISNIS MODERN
Authors: Yulia Fitri  , Moza Anastasya  
Published: February 2025

This research aims at how blockchain technology builds trust and transparency in modern business. This study conducts descriptive qualitative research involving thematic analysis of secondary data. Blockchain systems can be found in various areas of business, especially in finance and logistics, and this is the subject of research. The data was collected through literature research over the past five years, which included relevant scientific articles and journals. Data analysis is carried out with a thematic approach to find key themes such as transparency, efficiency, and trust. In addition, problem collection, literature research, secondary data collection, and data analysis are also carried out. The results of the study show that blockchain minimizes the risk of data manipulation and increases transparency through the recording of irreversible transactions. The study shows that blockchain has great potential to increase trust and transparency in modern businesses, although its implementation requires cross-sector cooperation.
Pengembangan Algoritma Vigenere Cipher Berbasis Kunci Dinamis Dalam Pengamanan Pesan Teks
Authors: Asih Munjiat Setiani , Rismayanti Rismayanti , Fadhlurahman M Imam , Hasibuan Ade Zulkarnain 
Published: February 2025

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan algoritma Vigenère Cipher berbasis kunci dinamis sebagai solusi untuk meningkatkan keamanan pengiriman pesan teks. Vigenère Cipher merupakan salah satu metode kriptografi klasik yang memiliki kelemahan terhadap analisis frekuensi, terutama ketika kunci yang digunakan bersifat statis. Dalam penelitian ini, kami mengusulkan pendekatan baru dengan menerapkan kunci dinamis yang berubah setiap kali pesan dikirim. Kunci dinamis ini dihasilkan melalui algoritma pseudorandom yang mempertimbangkan waktu pengiriman dan karakteristik pesan. Metodologi penelitian meliputi analisis teori kriptografi, implementasi algoritma, serta pengujian efektivitas dan efisiensi dalam menyandi dan mendekripsi pesan. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa algoritma yang dikembangkan tidak hanya meningkatkan keamanan pesan melalui kompleksitas kunci yang lebih tinggi, tetapi juga mempertahankan kecepatan proses enkripsi dan dekripsi. Selain itu, analisis terhadap berbagai skenario pengiriman pesan menunjukkan bahwa algoritma ini mampu mengatasi serangan analisis frekuensi yang sering kali menjadi ancaman dalam metode kriptografi tradisional. Dengan hasil ini, penelitian ini memberikan kontribusi signifikan terhadap pengembangan sistem pengamanan pesan teks yang lebih aman dan praktis, serta membuka peluang untuk aplikasi lebih lanjut dalam bidang kriptografi modern.
DETERMINANT OF FOOD SECURITY STATUS AMONG FARMING HOUSEHOLD IN KANO STATE NIGERIA
Authors: ALIMI HALIMAH .M.  
Published: February 2025

The study examines food security status and factors affecting it among farming household in Kano State, Nigeria. A total of 240 respondents were selected using a multistage sampling technique. Data were collected and analyzed using a schedule questionnaire and descriptive statistics respectively. The result showed that Majority are male ( 91.3 %) and 52.5% with education attainment below secondary school education. The mean age of the respondents is 44 years with an average of household number of 6people and an average income of 100, 708 Naira on a monthly basis. The study revealed an insignificant percentage (5%) of respondents as food secured while 95% were food insecure. Some of the factors claimed for food security status with their mean score include unavailability of local production of food consumed in the community(2.68), variability in weather(2.56), household income(2.66) as well as poor hygiene and manufacturing practices (2.39).It is thereby recommended that more effort should be made by the extension workers through government policies to educate the farmers more on reducing the effect of climate change in their production, diverse ways of storing their produce for later use and training on improving hygiene in handling food produce as well as best processing technique practices in order to retain food nutritional value. These will go a long way in increasing their income and healthy living.
SIMULATING THE EFFECTS OF EXPONENTIAL INCREASE IN BLOOD MASS FLOW AND METABOLISM DURING PHYSICAL ACTIVITY
Authors: SAIDU YAKUBU VULEGBO  , MUSA BAWA  , ABDUL MOHAMMED  , ABUBAKAR ABDULKADIR  
Published: February 2025

Physical exercise is simply an activity that requires physical effort, carried out to sustain or improve health, fitness and wellbeing. This study is mainly aimed at simulating the effects of exponential increase in blood mass flow and metabolism during physical activity. The existing governing equation on physical exercise was modified in other to formed model equation that governs the phenomena under consideration and Olayiwola's Generalized Polynomial Approximation Method (OGPAM) was used to solve the proposed model. It was observed that during physical exercise, an increase in metabolism and blood mass flow rate improves the tissue temperature profile along the specified distance and against time . The results also demonstrate that the basal metabolic rate and tissue temperature profile both drops with time as the body carries out life-sustaining function.