bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of the Thermal Efficiency of a Concentrated Photovoltaic/Thermal (CPV/T) Hybrid System with Water as Heat Transfer Fluid
Authors: Amadou Konfe , Bruno Korgho , Gilbert Nana G. , Eloi Bagbila , Fati Amadou Oumarou , Sié Kam 
Published: November 2023

Interest in solar energy is growing by the day, because it is clean and unlimited. Concentrated photovoltaic-thermal (CPV/T) systems are one of the systems that are attracting a great deal of attention among solar energy systems. In this work, a study of a hybrid concentrated photovoltaic-thermal (CPV/T) system that enables the simultaneous production of electrical and thermal energy has been presented. As the experimental realization of such devices is costly, it is necessary to develop numerical models.
The aim of this work is to evaluate the thermal efficiency of the system based on the thermal model, using an iterative simulation procedure.
Propose a numerical model to evaluate the thermal efficiency of a CPV/T hybrid system.
Starting from the energy conservation equations, a numerical modelling and simulation of the concentrated photovoltaic-thermal hybrid (CPV/T) system is carried out. A parametric analysis is carried out to study the influence of concentration, water mass flow rate, cell surface area and Reynolds number on the system's thermal and electrical performance.
The results show that thermal efficiency decreases with increasing Reynolds number and mass flow rate. However, it increases when the water mass flow rate is equal to 0.0001kg/s, from 0.4% to 0.7%, for a flow rate equal to 0.0010kg/s.
An interesting and useful finding was that the proposed numerical model allow the determination of the electrical as well as thermal efficiency of the hybrid CPV/T.
Soil Quality Indicators: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Sharma Sahil , Lishika Balara , Shubham  , Kaushal Shilpa 
Published: November 2023

Soil health is a critical determinant of ecosystem sustainability and agricultural productivity. This review article examines the significance of soil indicators, microbial community dynamics, soil enzymes, and their relationship with essential soil properties, including organic carbon content, bulk density, soil penetration resistance, water holding capacity, temperature, and pH. Traditional agricultural practices, such as conventional tillage, have been shown to significantly alter soil structure and physical properties. Bulk density, a key parameter, is used to gauge the compaction and porosity of soil, which directly influences water and nutrient transfer, as well as aeration. Conservation tillage practices, including the incorporation of crop residues into the soil, play a pivotal role in reducing bulk density. Soil temperature is a significant factor influencing the physical, chemical, and biological processes in soil, ultimately impacting plant growth. Soil pH, often referred to as the 'master soil variable,' has a far-reaching impact on various biological, chemical, and physical characteristics within the soil. It significantly influences biogeochemical processes and the activity of enzymes involved in the degradation of organic materials. Alterations in soil pH can directly affect microbial activity, microbial diversity, and the efficiency of enzyme-driven processes. This comprehensive review synthesizes the current knowledge of these biological indicators, emphasizing their interconnections and implications for soil health and sustainable land management practices. Understanding the multifaceted relationships between these indicators is crucial for the development of effective strategies to enhance soil health and ecosystem resilience.
Use of Disease-Modifying Treatments in Patients With Sickle Cell Disease
Authors: Newman Terri Victoria , Yang Jingye , Suh Kangho , Jonassaint Charles R. , Kane-Gill Sandra L. , Novelli Enrico M. 
Published: November 2023

ImportanceDespite hydroxyurea being an established treatment for sickle cell disease (SCD), it remains underused. The recent approval of the disease-modifying treatments (DMTs) l-glutamine, crizanlizumab, and voxelotor underscores the need to understand the uptake of DMTs in the current treatment landscape.ObjectiveTo explore characteristics that may be associated with DMT use and to describe observed patterns of yearly DMT use from 2014 to 2021.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cross-sectional study used administrative claims data from Optum’s deidentified Clinformatics Data Mart Database from January 1, 2014, to September 30, 2021, to identify adults and children with SCD. Data were analyzed from August 1, 2022, to August 28, 2023.ExposureUse of DMTs.Main Outcomes and MeasuresPatient characteristics across groups with varying patterns of DMT use and yearly patterns of prescription fills for hydroxyurea, crizanlizumab, voxelotor, and l-glutamine.ResultsA total of 5022 beneficiaries with SCD (2081 [41.4%] aged 18-45 years; 2929 [58.3%] female) were included in sample A (144 [2.9%] inconsistent users, 274 [5.5%] incident users, 892 [17.8%] consistent users, and 3712 [73.9%] non-DMT users). Inconsistent users had a higher prevalence of vaso-occlusive crises (mean [SD], 3.7 [4.7]), splenic complications (6 of 144 [4.2%]), pulmonary complications (36 of 144 [25.0%]), kidney disease (21 of 144 [14.6%]), acute chest syndrome (18 of 144 [12.5%]), and health care visits (eg, mean [SD] inpatient visits, 7.0 [10.7]) compared with the other use groups. Non-DMT users had the lowest prevalence of vaso-occlusive crises (mean [SD], 0.8 [2.4]), acute chest syndrome (109 of 3712 [2.9%]), and inpatient (mean [SD], 2.0 [6.6]) and emergency department (mean [SD], 0.7 [3.1]) visits and the highest proportion of adults 65 years and older (593 of 3712 [16.0%]). In sample B (6387 beneficiaries with SCD), hydroxyurea use modestly increased from 428 of 2188 participants (19.6%) in 2014 to 701 of 2880 (24.3%) in 2021. Use of l-glutamine increased briefly but gradually decreased throughout the study period. In 2021, out of 2880 participants, 102 (3.5%) had at least 1 fill for crizanlizumab and 131 (4.6%) had at least 1 fill for voxelotor. Overall, total DMT use increased from 428 of 2188 participants (19.6%) in 2014 to 815 of 2880 patients (28.3%) in 2021.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cross-sectional analysis of adults and children with SCD, uptake of DMTs remained low from 2014 to 2021, despite the approval of newer therapies. Notable differences in patient characteristics across varied DMT exposure types necessitate further exploration into factors that facilitate DMT use and the creation of strategies to enhance DMT uptake.
System-Level Factors and Time Spent on Electronic Health Records by Primary Care Physicians
Authors: Rotenstein Lisa S. , Holmgren A. Jay , Horn Daniel M. , Lipsitz Stuart , Phillips Russell , Gitomer Richard , Bates David W. 
Published: November 2023

ImportancePrimary care physicians (PCPs) spend the most time on the electronic health record (EHR) of any specialty. Thus, it is critical to understand what factors contribute to varying levels of PCP time spent on EHRs.ObjectiveTo characterize variation in EHR time across PCPs and primary care clinics, and to describe how specific PCP, patient panel, clinic, and team collaboration factors are associated with PCPs’ time spent on EHRs.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cross-sectional study included 307 PCPs practicing across 31 primary care clinics at Massachusetts General Hospital and Brigham and Women’s Hospital during 2021. Data were analyzed from October 2022 to October 2023.Main Outcomes and MeasuresTotal per-visit EHR time, total per-visit pajama time (ie, time spent on the EHR between 5:30 pm to 7:00 am and on weekends), and total per-visit time on the electronic inbox as measured by activity log data derived from an EHR database.ResultsThe sample included 307 PCPs (183 [59.6%] female). On a per-visit basis, PCPs spent a median (IQR) of 36.2 (28.9-45.7) total minutes on the EHR, 6.2 (3.1-11.5) minutes of pajama time, and 7.8 (5.5-10.7) minutes on the electronic inbox. When comparing PCP time expenditure by clinic, median (IQR) total EHR time, median (IQR) pajama time, and median (IQR) electronic inbox time ranged from 23.5 (20.7-53.1) to 47.9 (30.6-70.7) minutes per visit, 1.7 (0.7-10.5) to 13.1 (7.7-28.2) minutes per visit, and 4.7 (4.1-5.2) to 10.8 (8.9-15.2) minutes per visit, respectively. In a multivariable model with an outcome of total per-visit EHR time per visit, an above median percentage of teamwork on orders was associated with 3.81 (95% CI, 0.49-7.13) minutes per visit fewer and having a clinic pharmacy technician was associated with 7.87 (95% CI, 2.03-13.72) minutes per visit fewer. Practicing in a community health center was associated with fewer minutes of total EHR time per visit (5.40 [95% CI, 0.06-10.74] minutes).Conclusions and RelevanceThere is substantial variation in EHR time among individual PCPs and PCPs within clinics. Organization-level factors, such as team collaboration on orders, support for medication refill functions, and practicing in a community health center, are associated with lower EHR time for PCPs. These findings highlight the importance of addressing EHR burden at a systems level.
Control Groups in RCTs Supporting Approval of Drugs for Systemic Rheumatic Diseases, 2012-2022
Authors: Liu Yang , Xie Yan , Qin Yunhe , Xie Qibing , Chen Xiaoyuan 
Published: November 2023

ImportanceRandomized clinical trials (RCTs) testing innovative drugs must strive to use optimal control groups to reflect the best available treatments. A comprehensive evaluation of the quality of control groups in pivotal RCTs supporting systemic rheumatic disease (SRD) drug approvals by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is lacking.ObjectiveTo examine the proportion of pivotal RCTs that used optimal control groups among RCTs supporting newly approved SRD drugs in the US over the past decade.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsIn this study, individual RCTs supporting SRD new drug approvals by the FDA between January 2012 and October 2022 were analyzed for design, study duration, control group, and primary end point. The quality of control groups was determined by comparison with published guidelines before and during the trial.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary measure was the proportion of RCTs using optimal control groups. Differences in response rate between investigating and control groups and the response rate of placebo control groups were also examined.ResultsBetween January 2012 and October 2022, the FDA approved 44 SRD drugs, involving 65 pivotal RCTs. Overall, 16 RCTs used optimal control groups. In 55 trials, no active groups were used, and more than 80% of these trials were suboptimal (47 trials [85.5%]). Among 56 trials for systemic arthritis, 49 trials used suboptimal control groups, mainly placebo or dose-response controls (47 trials), with a few active controls (2 trials). Studies of other SRDs frequently used placebo or dose-response controls but were considered optimal controls (8 trials). There was significant improvement in response rates of investigating compared with placebo groups, with relative risk mostly exceeding 1.50 (range, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.69-1.17 for anifrolumab to 11.00; 95% CI, 2.69-44.96 for mepolizumab). In all placebo-controlled trials, the median (IQR) response rate in placebo groups was 26.0% (19.2%-32.3%).Conclusions and RelevanceThese findings suggest that the quality of control groups in RCTs leading to SRD drug approval needs improvement and that despite challenges in translating scientific theories to clinical scenarios, it is crucial to consistently prioritize efforts to promote appropriate control group selection to ensure the accurate assessment of innovative drug efficacy.
Pyridyl Porphyrin as Electrocatalyst: Regulating the Redox Conversion of Lithium Polysulfides under Voltage
Authors: Zhou Peng , Liu Xiaolin , He Yongqian , Xu Ye , Liu Jiali , Liu Min , Su Jincang , Luo Zhigao , Wu Tianjing , Gao Ping , Chen Manfang , Shu Hongbo , Pei Yong , Liu Hong , Wang Xianyou 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe binding correlation between electrocatalyst and lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) determines the regulation of LiPSs’ redox conversion. However, how the correlation works on the LiPSs under voltage remains obscured. In this paper, the π‐conjugated aromatic pyridyl porphyrin with nitrogen of a lone pair of electrons is introduced as electrocatalyst to accelerate redox kinetics and inhibit polysulfides shuttle. On the foundation of DFT calculation and experimental tests, it is stated that the chemical binding between pyridyl porphyrin and lithium polysulfides is beefed up under higher voltage, which facilitates the charge transfer. Moreover, the molecular dynamics (MD) simulation of the solid‐liquid model shows that the presence of pyridyl porphyrin increases the binding chances between Li+ and S62− and forms clusters rather than dissolving in electrolyte, which is good for charge transfer and polysulfides localization. By hybridizing the pyridyl porphyrin with conductive cathode matrix of carbon nanotube and graphene oxide, the as‐fabricated Li2S‐T4PP‐GO‐CNT cathode delivers a high initial discharge capacity of 996.4 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C. The as‐made batteries with good electrochemical performance therefore show potential for trouble‐shooting and commercial utilization of lithium‐sulfur batteries (LSBs) in the future.
Minimizing Interfacial Recombination in 1.8 eV Triple‐Halide Perovskites for 27.5% Efficient All‐Perovskite Tandems
Authors: Yang Fengjiu , Tockhorn Philipp , Musiienko Artem , Lang Felix , Menzel Dorothee , Macqueen Rowan , Köhnen Eike , Xu Ke , Mariotti Silvia , Mantione Daniele , Merten Lena , Hinderhofer Alexander , Li Bor , Wargulski Dan R. , Harvey Steven P. , Zhang Jiahuan , Scheler Florian , Berwig Sebastian , Roß Marcel , Thiesbrummel Jarla , Al‐Ashouri Amran , Brinkmann Kai O. , Riedl Thomas , Schreiber Frank , Abou‐Ras Daniel , Snaith Henry , Neher Dieter , Korte Lars , Stolterfoht Martin , Albrecht Steve 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAll‐perovskite tandem solar cells show great potential to enable the highest performance at reasonable costs for a viable market entry in the near future. In particular, wide‐bandgap (WBG) perovskites with higher open‐circuit voltage (VOC) are essential to further improve the tandem solar cells’ performance. Here, a new 1.8 eV bandgap triple‐halide perovskite composition in conjunction with a piperazinium iodide (PI) surface treatment is developed. With structural analysis, it is found that the PI modifies the surface through a reduction of excess lead iodide in the perovskite and additionally penetrates the bulk. Constant light‐induced magneto‐transport measurements are applied to separately resolve charge carrier properties of electrons and holes. These measurements reveal a reduced deep trap state density, and improved steady‐state carrier lifetime (factor 2.6) and diffusion lengths (factor 1.6). As a result, WBG PSCs achieve 1.36 V VOC, reaching 90% of the radiative limit. Combined with a 1.26 eV narrow bandgap (NBG) perovskite with a rubidium iodide additive, this enables a tandem cell with a certified scan efficiency of 27.5%.
Regioselective Growth of Colloidal Crystals Induced by Depletion Attraction
Authors: Park Sanghyuk , Kim Shin‐Hyun 
Published: November 2023

AbstractColloidal crystals display photonic stopbands that generate reflective structural colors. While micropatterning offers significant value for various applications, the resolution is somewhat limited for conventional top‐down approaches. In this work, a simple, single‐step bottom‐up approach is introduced to produce photonic micropatterns through depletion‐mediated regioselective growth of colloidal crystals. Lithographically‐featured micropatterns with planar surfaces and nano‐needle arrays as substrates are employed. Heterogeneous nucleation is drastically suppressed on nano‐needle arrays due to minimal particle‐to‐needles overlap of excluded volumes, while it is promoted on planar surfaces with large particle‐to‐plane volume overlap, enabling regioselective growth of colloidal crystals. This strategy allows high‐resolution micropatterning of colloidal photonic crystals, with a minimum feature size as small as 10 µm. Stopband positions, or structural colors, are controllable through concentration and depletant and salt, as well as particle size. Notably, secondary colors can be created through structural color mixing by simultaneously crystallizing two different particle sizes into their own crystal grains, resulting in two distinct reflectance peaks at controlled wavelengths. The simple and highly reproducible method for regioselective colloidal crystallization provides a general route for designing elaborate photonic micropatterns suitable for various applications.
Recent Advances in Transition‐Metal‐Catalyzed Ring‐Retentive Addition Reactions of Oxa(aza)benzonorbornadienes
Authors: Lin Qifu , Yang Dingqiao 
Published: November 2023

AbstractOxa(aza)benzonorbornadienes are utilized as important synthetic intermediates and useful building blocks in organic synthesis due to their structural features and reactivity. In addition to ring‐opening reactions, the transition‐metal‐catalyzed ring‐retentive addition reactions of oxa(aza)bicyclic alkenes have increasingly drawn the attention of various researchers. Numerous efficient protocols in this field have been investigated that enable facile and efficient transformations of oxa(aza)benzonorbornadienes to related valuable adducts, which are summarized and discussed in detail in this review.
Anchoring of Metal Complexes on Au25 Nanocluster for Enhanced Photocoupled Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction
Authors: Zhao Jiangtao , Ziarati Abolfazl , Rosspeintner Arnulf , Bürgi Thomas 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAtomically precise Au nanoclusters (NCs) with discrete energy levels can be used as photosensitizers for CO2 reduction. However, tight ligand capping of Au NCs hinders CO2 adsorption on its active sites. Here, a new hybrid material is obtained by anchoring of thiol functionalized terpyridine metal complexes (metal=Ru, Ni, Fe, Co) on Au NCs by ligand exchange reactions (LERs). The anchoring of Ru and Ni complexes on Au25 NC (Au25−Ru and Au25−Ni) leads to adequate CO2 to CO conversion for photocoupled electrocatalytic CO2 reduction (PECR) in terms of high selectivity, with Faradaic efficiency of CO (FECO) exceeding 90 % in a wide potential range, remarkable activity (CO production rate up to two times higher than that for pristine Au25PET18) and extremely large turnover frequencies (TOFs, 63012 h−1 at −0.97 V for Au25−Ru and 69989 h−1 at −1.07 V vs. RHE for Au25−Ni). Moreover, PECR stability test indicates the excellent long‐term stability of the modified NCs in contrast with pristine Au NCs. The present approach offers a novel strategy to enhance PECR activity and selectivity, as well as to improve the stability of Au NCs under light illumination, which paves the way for highly active and stable Au NCs catalysts.
Synergistic effects of punicic acid and alpha lipoic acid ameliorate inflammatory and metabolic genes expression in C2C12 myoblast cells under oxidative stress condition
Authors: Khozoei Shiva , Mahdavi Amir Hossein , Rabiee Farzaneh , Ghaedi Kamran 
Published: November 2023

AbstractInflammation is a reaction of the immune system to infection and injury; in fact, it positioned at the center of metabolic disorders, particularly obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. Thus play a major role not only in their development, but also exerts as a crucial linking factor among those diseases. In this regard, one of the strategies for tackling this problem is application of antioxidants to treat such diseases. The present study was performed to evaluate the synergistic effects of punicic acid (PUA) and alpha‐lipoic acid (ALA) as antioxidants and radical scavenging reagents on the expression of some inflammatory and metabolism‐related genes under oxidative stress in the muscle cells. The experimental treatments consisted of a range of 20, 40, 80, 160, and 320 µM of PUA, and 5, 25, 50, 100, and 200 µM of ALA with a 200 µM concentration of H2O2 as an oxidative stress inducer. Accordingly, fatty acid treatments were applied for 24 h, and H2O2 was treated for 1 h. Our results indicated that the simultaneous treatment of PUA and ALA at optimal concentrations (80 and 50 µM, respectively) decreased the expression of inflammation genes and increased the expression of regulatory genes (Pparγ, Pgc‐1α) related to metabolism (p < .05). Unexpectedly, H2O2 treatment increased the Fndc5 expression (p < .05). Maximal upregulation of Pparγ, Pgc‐1α were obtained when fatty acids combination (PUA and ALA) were used in the culture of H2O2 treated cells (p < .05). Therefore, our findings suggest that the simultaneous use of PUA and ALA fatty acids could reduce oxidative stress, and the expression of inflammatory genes, thereby improving the cell metabolism.
Antibody glycosylation correlates with disease progression in SIV‐Mycobacterium tuberculosis coinfected cynomolgus macaques
Authors: Haycroft Ebene R , Damelang Timon , Lopez Ester , Rodgers Mark A , Wines Bruce D , Hogarth Mark , Ameel Cassaundra L , Kent Stephen J , Scanga Charles A , O'Connor Shelby L , Chung Amy W 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjectivesTuberculosis (TB) remains a substantial cause of morbidity and mortality among people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) worldwide. However, the immunological mechanisms associated with the enhanced susceptibility among HIV‐positive individuals remain largely unknown.MethodsHere, we used a simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)/TB‐coinfection Mauritian cynomolgus macaque (MCM) model to examine humoral responses from the plasma of SIV‐negative (n = 8) and SIV‐positive (n = 7) MCM 8‐week postinfection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb).ResultsAntibody responses to Mtb were impaired during SIV coinfection. Elevated inflammatory bulk IgG antibody glycosylation patterns were observed in coinfected macaques early at 8‐week post‐Mtb infection, including increased agalactosylation (G0) and reduced di‐galactosylation (G2), which correlated with endpoint Mtb bacterial burden and gross pathology scores, as well as the time‐to‐necropsy.ConclusionThese studies suggest that humoral immunity may contribute to control of TB disease and support growing literature that highlights antibody Fc glycosylation as a biomarker of TB disease progression.