bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cervical length at 23 weeks of gestation: prediction of spontaneous preterm delivery
Authors: Heath V. C. F. , Southall T. R. , Souka A. P. , Elisseou A. , Nicolaides K. H. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the potential value of routine measurement of cervical length in singleton pregnancies at 23 weeks of gestation in the prediction of the risk for early spontaneous preterm delivery.MethodsCervical length was measured by sonography at 23 weeks in 2567 singleton pregnancies in women attending for routine antenatal care. In 43 women, the length was ≤15 mm and 21 of these were managed expectantly, whereas in 22 cases a cervical cerclage was placed. In the pregnancies that were managed expectantly, the relation between cervical length and preterm delivery was examined and the risk of spontaneous delivery at ≤ 32 weeks was estimated.ResultsCervical length at 23 weeks was ≤ 15 mm in 1.7% of cases; this group contained 86%, 58% and 20% of pregnancies that delivered spontaneously at ≤ 28, ≤ 32 and ≤ 36 weeks, respectively. The risk for delivery at ≤ 32 weeks decreased from 78% at a cervical length of 5 mm to 4% at 15 mm and 0.5% at 50 mm.ConclusionsCervical length at 23 weeks is ≤ 15 mm in < 2% of the population; this group contains about 90% and 60% of the women delivering at ≤ 28 and ≤ 32 weeks, respectively. Measurement of cervical length provides accurate prediction of risk for early preterm delivery. Copyright © 1998 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Detection rate of the cervical gland area during pregnancy by transvaginal sonography in the assessment of cervical maturation
Authors: Sekiya T. , Ishihara K. , Yoshimatsu K. , Fukami T. , Kikuchi S. , Araki T. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractObjectivesTo detect the cervical gland area during normal pregnancy, and to determine its detection rate and relationship with cervical maturation.DesignThis was a mixed longitudinal and cross‐sectional sonographic study involving a total of 514 transvaginal scans performed for detection of cervical gland area and measurement of cervical length in 260 normal singleton pregnancies at 16–41 weeks of gestation. The conventional cervical maturation index was measured simultaneously by digital examination.ResultsThe detection rate of cervical gland area remained practically constant until the 31st week of pregnancy, but significantly decreased thereafter. Highly significant correlations were noted between the detection rate of cervical gland area and cervical length, cervical gland area and cervical maturation index, and cervical length and cervical maturation index.ConclusionsThis study showed for the first time that cervical gland area can be detected sonographically and that its absence might be a predictor of preterm labor. Copyright © 1998 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Prenatal diagnosis of a large fetal arachnoid cyst
Authors: Rafferty P. G. , Britton J. , Penna L. , Ville Y. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractA case of prenatal diagnosis and management of a giant fetal arachnoid cyst is presented. The importance of an accurate diagnosis is highlighted and the use of three‐dimensional ultrasound is discussed. The recent literature is reviewed. Copyright © 1998 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Can transvaginal fetal biometry be considered a useful tool for early detection of skeletal dysplasias in high‐risk patients?
Authors: Gabrielli S. , Falco P. , Pilu G. , Perolo A. , Milano V. , Bovicelli L. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the possibility of an early diagnosis of skeletal dysplasias in high‐risk patients.MethodsA total of 149 consecutive, uncomplicated singleton pregnancies at 9–13 weeks' amenorrhea, with certain menstrual history and regular cycles, were investigated with transvaginal ultrasound to establish the relationship between femur length and menstrual age, biparietal diameter and crown‐rump length, using a polynomial regression model. A further eight patients with previous skeletal dysplasias in a total of 13 pregnancies were evaluated with serial examinations every 2 weeks from 10–11 weeks.ResultsA significant correlation between femur length and crown‐rump length and biparietal diameter was found, whereas none was observed between femur length and menstrual age. Of the five cases with skeletal dysplasias, only two (one with recurrent osteogenesis imperfecta and one with recurrent achondrogenesis) were diagnosed in the first trimester.ConclusionsAn early evaluation of fetal morphology in conjunction with the use of biometric charts of femur length against crown‐rump length and femur length against biparietal diameter may be crucial for early diagnosis of severe skeletal dysplasias. By contrast, in less severe cases, biometric evaluation appears to be of no value for diagnosis. Copyright © 1999 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Prenatal diagnosis of alobar holoprosencephaly at 10 weeks of gestation
Authors: Turner C. D. , Silva S. , Jeanty P. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractAlobar holoprosencephaly is an intracranial abnormality characterized by failure of proper cleavage of the prosencephalon, accompanied by incomplete midfacial development. The prenatal sonographic diagnosis of alobar holoprosencephaly was first described in 1984; however, there have been only two reports of alobar holoprosencephaly diagnosed in the first trimester. We report a case of alobar holoprosencephaly diagnosed at 10 weeks of gestation. Copyright © 1999 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Does the measurement of four fetal arteries provide more information than the measurement of just two arteries in prenatal Doppler sonography?
Authors: Meyberg G. C. , Solomayer E.‐F. , Grischke E.‐M. , Bastert G. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this study was to evaluate whether the measurement of two or more fetal arteries provides more information and leads to a selection of fetuses at higher risk.DesignIn 244 pregnancies Doppler examinations in four fetal arteries (fetal aorta, common carotid artery, middle cerebral artery, umbilical artery) were performed. The evaluation of the results was made by means of a Doppler score for standardization and systematization. The results were divided into four groups (normal, pre‐pathological, pathological, highly pathological) and the individual correlations with fetal outcome parameters were investigated. The results from measuring only two fetal arteries (the fetal aorta and middle cerebral artery) were then compared with those from all four arteries.ResultsIncreasing pathology of the Doppler score correlated with fetal outcome parameters. The results showed that if the Doppler result in the two‐vessel measurement was normal (n = 180), pre‐pathological (n = 29) or highly pathological (n = 12) then measuring four vessels generally brought no additional information. However, the four‐vessel measurement was of advantage in the pathological group (n = 23) because it selected the high‐risk fetuses (30.4%), as categorized by outcome.ConclusionsDifferentiating between several degrees of pathology is important for the estimation of fetal risk. In cases of pathological Doppler findings, the measurement of more than two vessels is important in order to select fetuses at increased risk. Copyright © 1999 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Prenatal diagnosis of adrenal neuroblastoma by ultrasound: a report of two cases and review of the literature
Authors: Kesrouani A. , Duchatel F. , Seilanian M. , Muray J. M. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractPrenatal diagnosis of neuroblastoma is a rare event. Two cases diagnosed at 32 and 34 weeks are reported together with a description of the various ultrasound appearances of this tumor. Both cases had a favorable outcome and surgery was necessary in only one case. The management options are discussed in the light of the current literature. The role of ultrasound in the detection and follow‐up of this tumor in the third trimester of pregnancy is discussed. Copyright © 1999 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Pathophysiology and treatment of fetal anemia due to placental chorioangioma
Authors: Haak M. C. , Oosterhof H. , Mouw R. J. , Oepkes D. , Vandenbussche F. P. H. A. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractPlacental chorioangiomas occur in 1% of pregnancies. Large chorioangiomas may cause serious complications such as fetal anemia, hydrops and fetal death. In this case report, a pregnancy complicated by a large placental chorioangioma is described. Severe fetal anemia without the occurrence of hydrops fetalis was suspected using ultrasound and Doppler examinations. Successful intrauterine blood transfusion was performed, with an unusually large amount of blood needed to obtain an adequate rise in fetal hematocrit. Two weeks later, at 32 weeks, the infant was born in good condition.In pregnancies with large chorioangiomas, we advise regular ultrasound and Doppler examinations, with the aim of detecting fetal anemia before hydrops develops. When anemia is suspected, fetal blood sampling is indicated and intrauterine transfusion therapy may be beneficial to preserve fetal health until maturity is reached. Copyright © 1999 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Prenatal diagnosis of dacryocystocele: a possible marker for syndromes
Authors: Sharony R. , Raz J. , Aviram R. , Cohen I. , Beyth Y. , Tepper R. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractWe present our experience of the sonographic prenatal diagnosis of dacryocystocele and review the literature. This lesion can be distinguished from a facial hemangioma, dermoid or anterior encephalocele by the ultrasound findings and Doppler flow studies. These conditions are separate entities and their associated diagnosis and prognosis are very different in each case. As dacryocystocele may be part of numerous syndromes, its prenatal visualization raises the rare possibility of associated anomalies. Copyright © 1999 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
The assessment of endometrial pathology and tubal patency: a comparison between the use of ultrasonography and X‐ray hysterosalpingography for the investigation of infertility patients
Authors: Strandell A. , Bourne T. , Bergh C. , Granberg S. , Asztely M. , Thorburn J. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of the present study was to examine the role of hysterosalpingocontrast sonography (HyCoSy) as a screening test for endometrial and tubal pathology at the start of the infertility investigation protocol.MethodsHyCoSy was compared with X‐ray hystero‐salpingography (HSG) for the assessment of the endometrial cavity and Fallopian tube patency. A total of 103 women with a history of at least 1 year's infertility were included. Each woman underwent both HyCoSy and HSGon the same day. Laparoscopy was performed in 43 cases. For HyCoSy examinations, saline was used for evaluation of the endometrial cavity and Echovist ® contrast medium to assess Fallopian tube patency.ResultsThe concordance between HyCoSy and HSG for the presence of endometrial cavity pathology was 90%, but for tubal patency the concordance was lower (72%). HyCoSy classed more examinations of tubal patency as uncertain. HSG more frequently classified tubes as occluded. In the subset of patients in whom all three techniques were used, HSG and HyCoSy demonstrated a high concordance with laparoscopy (83% and 80%, respectively). The prevalence of occluded tubes according to laparoscopy as the reference standard was 13%. The two methods had a high negative predictive value for tubal disease (HSG, 94%; HyCoSy, 88%), and the positive predictive values were 47% and 75%, respectively. The detection rate for occluded tubes was 73% and 27%, and specificity 87% and 90%, respectively.ConclusionsOur data demonstrate that HyCoSy obtains similar information about the status of the endometrial cavity and Fallopian tube patency to that of HSG. It is possible that in some cases HyCoSy may replace HSG in order to select women with patent tubes who may be suitable for further infertility treatment without more invasive investigation. Copyright © 1999 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
WS09‐05Sonographic appearance of borderline ovarian tumors
Authors: Exacoustòs C. , Rinaldo D. , Carusotti C. , Arduini D. , Romanini C. 
Published: March 2003

BackgroundThe aim of the present study is to individuate sonographic markers which make it possible to distinguish borderline ovarian tumors from benign and malignant cysts, thus allowing conservative treatment.MethodWe reviewed transvaginal sonograms in 23 women who presented borderline ovarian tumors histologically confirmed. Sixteen were premenopausal and 7 postmenopausal. The size and morphologic criteria of each mass and color flow Doppler characteristics were evaluated. We compared these findings with those of 337 patients with benign ovarian tumors and those of 40 patients with malignant ovarian tumors.ResultsOf the 16 borderline ovarian tumors in premenopause 6 were mucinous cystoadenomas and 10 serous cystoadenomas. Of the 7 borderline tumors in postmenopause 3 were mucinous cystoadenomas and 4 serous cystoadenomas. The analysis of grey scale morphologic findings revealed the presence of solid tissue in 92.5% of malignant masses, in 13.3% of benign tumors (P < 0.01) and in 31% of LMP tumors (P < 0.01 vs. malignant, P = n.s vs. benign tumors). The presence of papillae within the cysts was significantly higher in borderline tumors (21%) compared to benign and malignant tumors. Three unilocular cysts with a diameter > 5 cm were borderline tumors.ConclusionThe most frequent diagnostic imaging was that of a papillae inside a cyst without other signs of complexity and also the presence of septa was frequent. Neither papillae nor septa constituted sensitive sonographic markers.
Patient acceptance of endovaginal ultrasound
Authors: Cowan Bennett C. , Richards D.S. 
Published: March 2003

Objective
To assess women’s experiences and attitudes regarding endovaginal ultrasound.
Methods
Women attending the obstetrics and gynecology clinics at the University of Florida were asked to complete an anonymous questionnaire.
Results
Of respondents who had had a prior endovaginal ultrasound examination, 26% reported that ‘it hurt a lot’ and 50% reported that ‘it hurt a little’. In contrast, only 23% of patients had experienced any pain with a prior abdominal ultrasound (P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that discomfort with a prior vaginal ultrasound was related to patient age category, with less discomfort being experienced with increasing ages (P = 0.001). A history of unwanted sex, sexual or physical abuse, or dyspareunia was not associated with more painful examinations. Most patients were willing to undergo a future vaginal ultrasound investigation if it were recommended by their doctor. Multivariate analysis showed that more willingness was associated with older age category (P = 0.004), a history of dyspareunia (P = 0.03) and bleeding in a current pregnancy (P = 0.005). Of the patients (less than half) who had a preference, most preferred a female sonographer for endovaginal sonography (P < 0.001) and most preferred that a doctor, rather than a nurse or technician, perform the examination (P < 0.001).
Conclusions
The majority of women who had experienced a vaginal ultrasound examination found it somewhat uncomfortable, but almost all women who returned the questionnaire expressed a willingness to undergo endovaginal ultrasound if it were recommended.
Congenital microcephaly detected by prenatal ultrasound: genetic aspects and clinical significance
Authors: Den Hollander N.S. , Wessels M.W. , Los F.J. , Ursem N.T.C. , Niermeijer M.F. , Wladimiroff J.W. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to analyze fetuses with prenatally diagnosed microcephaly including the nature of associated anomalies and the genetic‐diagnostic implications.DesignRetrospective study design.MethodsA total of 30 fetuses with reliable dates and with prenatally diagnosed microcephaly as a common feature were analyzed.ResultsMicrocephaly was diagnosed at a mean gestational age of 28 weeks. More than half of the fetuses were also small for gestational age. Five subsets of microcephaly emerged from this study: (1) isolated microcephaly (16.7%); (2) microcephaly due to holoprosencephaly (16.7%); (3) microcephaly associated with chromosomal disorders (23.3%); (4) microcephaly as part of a genetic syndrome (20.0%); and (5) microcephaly as part of multiple anomalies (23.3%).ConclusionsIn 25 out of 30 infants microcephaly proved to be part of a complex problem, emphasizing the need of a meticulous search for structural anomalies and fetal karyotyping when biometric data are not according to gestational age. The etiologic heterogeneity and variability of microcephaly in genetic syndromes are among the more difficult issues in prenatal ultrasound in pregnancies either with an incidental finding of this anomaly, or in cases with a recurrence risk. The complex situations described in this study demonstrate the importance of follow up, post‐mortem investigation and careful genetic counseling. Copyright © 2000 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Automated cardiac output measurements by ultrasound are inaccurate at high cardiac outputs
Authors: Basdogan F. , Visser W. , Struijk P. C. , Jansen J. R. C. , Vletter W. B. , Wladimiroff J. W. , Lotgering F. K. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractObjectiveThe sonographic technique of automated cardiac output measurement (ACM) is a promising new method to measure cardiac output and could be of use in a high‐risk obstetric unit in the treatment of pre‐eclamptic patients. The aim was to determine the accuracy of the ACM method.DesignComparative study of the sonographic technique of ACM versus cardiac output measured by thermodilution (TD).MethodsThe study included 39 intensive care patients, 21 men, 13 non‐pregnant women and five severely pre‐eclamptic pregnant patients, with a wide range of cardiac outputs, in whom TD catheters had been inserted for clinical reasons. Two separate experienced observers, blinded to the results obtained with the other method, performed four successive measurements in each patient with either the ACM or TD technique. The averaged cardiac output value per patient and method was used for comparison.ResultsCardiac output was successfully measured with ACM and TD in 85 and 100% of patients, respectively. Mean cardiac output measured by ACM (6.77 ± 1.90 L/min) was significantly lower than that measured by TD (9.12 ± 3.06 L/min). Although cardiac output values obtained with ACM were significantly correlated with those measured by TD, the ACM values were consistently lower than TD values in the higher cardiac output range; the relationship was represented by ACM = 0.35 TD + 3.55 L/min (r = 0.57, P < 0.001). The (ACM − TD) difference increased significantly with cardiac output, through a difference in stroke volume, not in heart rate.ConclusionThe ACM is not an accurate tool to measure cardiac output in patients with a high cardiac output, including treated pre‐eclamptic women. Copyright © 2000 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Echocardiographic assessment of ventricular filling pressure during the second and third trimesters of gestation
Authors: Pacileo G. , Paladini D. , Russo M. G. , Pisacane C. , Santoro G. , Calabrò R. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractAimsTo confirm changes in the atrioventricular diastolic flow velocities (peak E, peak A, E/A ratio) with gestational age and to define whether these changes genuinely reflect variations in filling pressure in the fetal heart.MethodsFifty normal pregnancies were studied between the 13th and the 37th weeks of gestation. The fetal flow velocity patterns were evaluated by pulsed‐wave (PW) Doppler and the annular velocities of the atrioventricular valves by PW‐Doppler tissue imaging (DTI).ResultsAll indexes evaluated (atrioventricular peak flow and annular velocities) correlated significantly with gestational age. This correlation was stronger for the early diastolic indexes (tricuspid E and EA, 0.69 and 0.78; mitral E and EA, 0.61 and 0.77, respectively) and weaker for the end‐diastolic indexes (tricuspid A and AA, 0.46 and 0.37; mitral A and AA, 0.45 and 0.39, respectively). Neither mitral nor tricuspid E/Ea ratio changed significantly with gestational age.ConclusionsThe lack of correlation between the Doppler‐assessed ventricular filling pressures and gestational age suggests absence of significant changes of ventricular compliance during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy, and a progressive enhancement of active relaxation and/or changes in loading conditions. Copyright © 2000 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Prenatal diagnosis of solid placental masses: the value of color flow imaging
Authors: Sepulveda W. , Aviles G. , Carstens E. , Corral E. , Perez N. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractObjectivesTo determine the value of color flow imaging in the prenatal differentiation of solid placental masses protruding from the fetal surface of the placenta.MethodsSeven pregnancies in which a large solid mass was seen on the fetal surface of the placenta were prospectively studied. Color flow imaging was used to identify vessels within the mass and the prenatal ultrasound finding correlated with placental pathology.ResultsPostpartum examination of the placenta revealed four cases of chorioangioma, two cases of subchorionic thrombohematoma and one case of subamniotic hematoma. Prenatal ultrasound using color flow imaging correctly identified all cases of placental chorioangioma by the demonstration of blood flow within the mass. Conversely, absence of blood flow signals was invariably documented in both cases of subchorionic thrombohematoma and in the single case of subamniotic hematoma. Among the four cases of chorioangioma, two developed complications requiring delivery. No complications were noted in cases of avascular placental masses in this series.ConclusionsColor Doppler ultrasound plays an important role in the prenatal evaluation of solid placental masses. This technique allows the identification of those cases at increased risk of pregnancy complications which need close monitoring throughout gestation. Copyright © 2000 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
New use for Argyle trocar catheter: treatment of pelvic abscess following transvaginal ultrasound‐directed follicle aspiration (UDFA)
Authors: Nargund G. , Parsons J. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThis report describes the use of an Argyle trocar catheter for the drainage of pelvic abscesses following transvaginal ultrasound‐directed follicle aspiration (UDFA) for oocyte collection. Three patients treated with this technique recovered uneventfully. We conclude that the use of an Argyle trocar catheter for colpotomy in the management of pelvic abscesses appears to be simple and effective. Copyright © 2000 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology