bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sex‐specific induction of mutations by PhIP in the kidney of male and female rats and its modulation by conjugated linoleic acid
Authors: Yang Haiyan , Glickman Barry W. , de Boer Johan G. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe heterocyclic amine 2‐amino‐1‐methyl‐6‐phenylimidazo[4,5‐b]pyridine (PhIP) is a recognized mutagen and carcinogen in the colon and prostate of male rats and in the mammary gland of female rats. In the current study, we examined the mutagenicity of PhIP in the kidney of male and female lacI transgenic rats and its modulation by a dietary chemopreventive agent, conjugated linoleic acid (CLA). Sex‐specific changes in mutation were observed following PhIP and CLA treatment. Exposure to 100 ppm PhIP through dietary supplementation for 47 days induced a lacI mutation frequency (MF) of 7.7 ± 0.3 × 10‐5 and 4.7 ± 1.0 × 10‐5 in the kidney of male and female rats, respectively. The PhIP‐induced MFs in the kidney of male and female rats were significantly different from each other and were 300% (P < 0.001) and 60% (P < 0.05) higher than the corresponding controls, respectively. When rats were given CLA along with PhIP, CLA completely inhibited the formation of PhIP‐induced mutations in the kidney of female rats, but not in male rats. Comparison of mutational spectra did not detect significant differences between male rats treated with PhIP and PhIP + CLA. However, unlike the ‐1 frameshifts induced by PhIP in the colon and prostate, which consist primarily of G:C deletions, ‐1 frameshifts in the kidney involved the loss of both G:C and A:T basepairs. Our data indicate that the kidney of the rats responds in a sex‐dependent way to mutagenesis and antimutagenesis by PhIP and CLA. These differences may be related to hormonally regulated induction of P450 enzymes or cell proliferation. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 40:116–121, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Short Communication: application of a surrogate material in assessing the impact of porosity on re‐ignition of wood‐based materials
Authors: Moghtaderi Behdad , Poespowati Tri , Dlugogorski Bogdan , Kennedy Eric 
Published: September 2002

AbstractRe‐ignition behaviour of charred solid fuels after extinction by water is studied. In this communication the effect of material porosity on re‐ignition is investigated. A surrogate ceramic material is used so as to separate the pyrolysis and combustion processes from those associated with heat transfer. Experimental data are reported for different sample thickness and porosity, and varying heat flux and water application time. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prediction of heat release in the single burning item test
Authors: Hansen Anne Steen 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThis paper presents a modification of an existing mathematical model that uses cone calorimeter test results to predict heat release rate in the single burning item (SBI) test. A method for classification of cases based on multivariate statistical analysis is incorporated in the modified model. This makes it possible to determine the development of the heat release curve in the SBI test with better precision than the original version was able to. The model has been applied to 100 cases of cone calorimeter test results from 33 different products. For most of the products the predicted shape and level of the heat release curves are close to measurements in the SBI test. Using the predicted heat release results as input to calculation of FIGRA0.2MJ and THR600s within the new European system for reaction‐to‐fire classification, we were able to predict membership of the correct class in 90% of the analysed cases. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chemical composition and bioactivity of essential oil from Syzygium travancoricum Gamble
Authors: Radha R. , Latha R. , Swaminathan M. S. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractAn Erratum has been published for this article in Flavour and Fragrance Journal 17 (6) 2002, 478.
The antimicrobial and antifungal activity of the volatile oil from the leaves of Syzygium travancoricum Gamble from Kerala (South India) has been discussed in this paper. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Volatile components associated with freshly cooked and oxidized off‐flavours in turkey breast meat
Authors: Brunton N. P. , Cronin D. A. , Monahan F. J. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractCooked turkey breast is particularly susceptible to lipid oxidation‐mediated off‐flavour development during refrigerated storage. Volatile aroma compounds present in freshly cooked turkey breast muscle after cooling in air and under nitrogen, and also those in air‐cooled meat stored for 3 days at 4 °C, were examined using headspace solid phase microextraction (SPME) combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Odour‐port sensory assessment of the separated volatiles was carried out, using a modified form of aroma extract dilution analysis (AEDA). Compared to weakly aromatic nitrogen‐cooled turkey breast, the levels of a number of unsaturated carbonyl compounds were much higher in freshly cooked air‐cooled samples and showed further large increases in the oxidized chilled meat. Among these, the most potent odour contributors to both fresh and oxidized turkey samples were 1‐octen‐3‐one, (E,E)‐2,4‐decadienal and (E,Z)‐2,6‐nonadienal. The concentration of the only moderately potent sulphur‐containing compound identified, viz. 2‐pentylthiophene, was significantly lower in the oxidized compared to the fresh samples, and gas chromatography–olfactometry (GCO) suggested that this compound made a contribution to the aroma of freshly cooked turkey. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Composition of the essential oil from roots and rhizomes of Valeriana pancicii Halácsy & Bald
Authors: Kovacevic N. , Pavlovic M. , Menkovic N. , Tzakou O. , Couladis M. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe essential oil of subterranean parts of the endemic plant Valeriana pancicii was obtained by hydrodistillation and analysed by GC–MS. Plant material was collected in summer (sample A) and autumn (sample B) from the same location in Montenegro (Mountain Ljevorecki Kom). The main characteristic of V. pancicii essential oil was the low content of monoterpenoids and the high percentage of sesquiterpenoid compounds. The major compounds in the essential oil of both samples were patchouli alcohol, an unidentified oxygenated monoterpene, α‐guaiene and γ‐patchoulene. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The essential oil of ‘greater galangal’ [Alpinia galanga (L.) Willd.] from the lower Himalayan region of India
Authors: Raina V. K. , Srivastava S. K. , Syamasunder K. V. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe volatile constituents of the rhizomes and leaves of Alpinia galanga, growing in the arboretum of CIMAP Field Station Pant Nagar, were analysed by GC and GC–MS. The main constituents identified in the rhizome oil were 1,8‐cineole (39.4%) and β‐pinene (11.9%). The leaf oil contained 1,8‐cineole (32.5%), β‐pinene (22.7%) and camphor (12.8%), as major constituents. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Studies on the essential oil‐bearing plants of Bangladesh. Part VIII. Composition of some Ocimum oils O. basilicum L. var. purpurascens; O. sanctum L. green; O. sanctum L. purple; O. americanum L., citral type; O. americanum L., camphor type
Authors: Mondello Luigi , Zappia Giovanni , Cotroneo Antonella , Bonaccorsi Ivana , Chowdhury Jasim Uddin , Yusuf Mohammed , Dugo Giovanni 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe essential oils of Ocimum basilicum L. var. purpurascens, O. sanctum L. green, O. sanctum L. purple, O. americanum L. (citral type) and, O. americanum L. (camphor type) obtained from plants grown in Bangladesh were analysed by GC and GC–MS. The oil obtained from O. basilicum L. var. purpurascens was classified as a monoterpene alcohol‐type according to its monoterpene alcohol content (64.5%); the oil obtained from O. Sanctum L. green was classified as a eugenol/sesquiterpene‐type according to its content of eugenol (41.7%) and of sesquiterpene components (45.9%); while the oil from O. sanctum purple was classified as an eugenol‐type according to its content of eugenol (77.5%). One of the two O. americanum was classified as a citral‐type oil, according to its content of neral (27.9%) and geranial (37.7%), whereas the other oil of the same species was characterized by a high content of camphor (38.6%). Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The effect of exogenous pectinase on DMHF and derivatives in clarified strawberry juice (Fragaria × ananassa, cv. Elsanta)
Authors: Mura Emanuela , Zabetakis Ioannis 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe effect of exogenous pectinase on the levels of 2,5‐dimethyl‐4‐hydroxy‐2H‐furan‐one (DMHF) and DMHF‐glucoside was studied in clarified strawberry juice (Fragaria × ananassa, cv. Elsanta). The extent of conversion of DMHF‐malonyl glucoside to DMHF‐glucoside and DMHF was monitored at three different temperatures (45 °C, 50 °C and 60 °C) and at three different pH values (pH 3.0, 4.0 and 5.4). The effect of using two different concentrations of pectinase was also studied. Based on these results, the endogenous levels of DMHF‐malonyl glucoside were calculated for the first time in strawberries. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
In vitro radical scavenging activity of essential oils from Columbian plants and fractions from oregano (Origanum vulgare L.) essential oil
Authors: Puertas‐Mejía Miguel , Hillebrand Silke , Stashenko Elena , Winterhalter Peter 
Published: September 2002

AbstractAntioxidant activities of essential oils from anise (Pimpinella anisum L.), fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.), coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.), rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.), oregano (Origanum vulgare L.), ylang‐ylang (Cananga odorata Hook.), verbena (Lippia alba Mill.) and salvia negra (Lepechinia schiedeana (Schlecht) Vatke, syn. Stachys schiedeana Schlecht) were determined using the free radical α‐α‐diphenyl‐β‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH·) and the preformed radical monocation 2,2′‐azino‐bis(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulphonic acid) (ABTS·+). Some of the oils under investigation had antioxidant capacities in a range comparable to that of α‐tocopherol, BHA, ascorbic acid and Trolox, which were used as reference antioxidants. The all‐liquid chromatographic technique of multilayer coil countercurrent chromatography (MLCCC) was applied to the fractionation of oregano essential oil. For oregano, a high antioxidant activity was observed, which is mainly due to the presence of thymol and carvacrol in the essential oil. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of Hypericum maculatum Crantz
Authors: Gudžić Branislav , Djokovic Dejan , Vajs Vlatka , Palić Radosav , Stojanovic Gordana 
Published: September 2002

AbstractFor the first time the composition of the essential oil of Hypericum maculatum Crantz has been determined by GC and GC–MS. The oil consisted of a large number of components in low percentages. Only five components exceeded a 5% level: β‐farnesene (10.0%), n‐undecane (8.2%), β‐caryophyllene (7.6%), δ‐cadinene (7.2%) and γ‐muurolene (5.2%). The oil showed strong antimicrobiological activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella enteritidis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Bacillus subtilis, Sarcina lutea, Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans, documented in vitro by MIC and MMC values. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparative genomic hybridization analysis of primary cutaneous B‐cell lymphomas: Identification of common genomic alterations in disease pathogenesis
Authors: Mao Xin , Lillington Debra , Child Fiona , Russell‐Jones Robin , Young Bryan , Whittaker Sean 
Published: September 2002

AbstractTo investigate genetic alterations in primary cutaneous B‐cell lymphomas (PCBCLs), we have analyzed 29 cases of PCBCL. Comparative genomic hybridization showed chromosome imbalances (CIs) in 12 cases (41%). The mean number of CIs per sample was 2.05 ± 2.97, with gains (1.48 ± 2.38) more frequent than losses (0.56 ± 1.40). The common regions of gains were 18/18q (50%), 7/7p (42%), 3/3q (33%), 20 (33%), 1p (25%), 12/12q (25%), and 13/13q (25%), whereas loss of 6q was frequent (42%). Among the different subsets of PCBCLs, CI was seen in 50% of diffuse large‐cell lymphomas (DLCLs), 33% of marginal zone lymphomas, and 8% of follicle center cell lymphomas and unclassified lymphomas. A similar pattern of CI was observed in these lymphomas, but loss of 6q and gains of 3/3q were present only in DLCLs. Microarray‐based genomic analysis of four DLCL cases identified oncogene gains of SAS/CDK4 (12q13.3) in three cases and MYCL1 (1p34.3), MYC (8q24), FGFR2 (10q26), BCL2 (18q21.3), CSE1L (20q13), and PDGFB (22q12–13) in two cases, whereas losses of AKT1 (14q32.3), IGFR1 (15q25–26), and JUNB (19p13.2) were identified in three cases, and losses of FGR (1p36), ESR (6q25.1), ABL1 (9q34.1), TOP2A (17q21–22), ERBB2 (17q21.2), CCNE1 (19q13.1), and BCR (22q11) were each identified in two cases. In addition, real‐time–polymerase chain reaction detected amplification of BCL2 in 5 of 29 cases. These findings suggest that there are complex but consistent genetic alterations associated with the pathogenesis of PCBCLs. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Evidence of a role for the INK4 family of cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitors in ovarian granulosa cell tumors
Authors: Arcellana‐Panlilio Mayi Y. , Egeler R. Maarten , Ujack Eva , Magliocco Anthony , Stuart Gavin C.E. , Robbins Stephen M. , Coppes Max J. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractGranulosa cell tumors (GCTs) of the ovary are relatively rare and account for <5% of all ovarian cancers. The molecular pathogenesis of these tumors is not well understood. We tested the hypothesis that cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitors, specifically the inhibitors of the cyclin‐dependent kinase 4 (INK4) family, are targets for altered gene expression in GCTs. The status of RB1, INK4A, INK4B, INK4C, INK4D, and ARF in 13 adult and 2 juvenile ovarian GCTs was determined by reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction of total RNA and exon‐specific sequencing of genomic DNA. Tumors showing loss of INK4A expression were assayed further by exon‐deletion analysis and methylation‐specific PCR. None of the juvenile tumors demonstrated altered expression, but 7/12 (58%) adult GCTs lacked expression of INK4A, INK4B, or both. In one of these cases, we noted a homozygous deletion of the INK4A locus, and in the remaining tumors we found hypermethylation of the promoter region, a mechanism that can lead to gene inactivation. These data support a role for the INK4 family of CDK inhibitors in the biology of GCTs. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Regulatory subunit type I‐α of protein kinase A (PRKAR1A): A tumor‐suppressor gene for sporadic thyroid cancer
Authors: Sandrini Fabiano , Matyakhina Ludmila , Sarlis Nicholas J. , Kirschner Lawrence S. , Farmakidis Constantine , Gimm Oliver , Stratakis Constantine A. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe tumor‐suppressor gene encoding the cyclic AMP‐dependent protein kinase A type I‐α regulatory subunit PRKAR1A has been mapped to chromosome 17 (17q22–24) and is mutated in Carney complex, a familial neoplasia syndrome that is associated with thyroid tumors. Other genes implicated in cyclic nucleotide‐dependent signaling have been investigated in thyroid tumorigenesis. We studied protein kinase A (PKA) activity in noninherited follicular thyroid adenomas and follicular, papillary, and undifferentiated (anaplastic) thyroid carcinomas. We then examined these and additional thyroid tumors for losses of the 17q22–24 PRKAR1A region, mutations of the PRKAR1A gene, and expression of its peptide product. Total PKA activity was markedly increased in carcinomas over that in adenomas, whereas the ratio of free vs. total PKA activity was decreased in cancer. Consistent with these findings, the 17q22–24 region was frequently lost in cancer but not in benign adenomas. A novel inactivating mutation of the PRKAR1A gene (leading to premature termination of the predicted protein) was found in an aggressive thyroid cancer. The tumor with PRKAR1A gene mutation, as well as the tumors with 17q allelic losses, showed decreased PRKAR1A expression by immunostaining. We conclude that PRKAR1A, the most abundant regulatory subunit of protein kinase A and a principal cyclic AMP‐signaling modulator, acts as a tumor‐suppressor gene in sporadic thyroid cancer. Published 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mycophenolic acid downregulates inducible nitric oxide synthase induction in astrocytes
Authors: Miljkovic Djordje , Samardzic Tatjana , Cvetkovic Ivana , Mostarica Stojkovic Marija , Trajkovic Vladimir 
Published: September 2002

AbstractFree radical nitric oxide (NO), generated by inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in astrocytes and macrophages, has been implicated in CNS inflammatory disorders such as multiple sclerosis and its animal model experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Mycophenolic acid (MPA), a selective inhibitor of inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH), inhibited interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ) + lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced NO production dose‐dependently in astrocytes, but not in macrophages. The effect of MPA was not mediated through interference with IMPDH‐dependent synthesis of iNOS cofactor BH4 and subsequent suppression of iNOS enzymatic activity, as direct BH4 precursor sepiapterin failed to block the action of the drug. However, MPA markedly inhibited IFN‐γ + LPS‐triggered astrocyte expression of mRNA for iNOS and its transcription factor IRF‐1, while the expression of tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) gene was not altered. The observed MPA suppression of NO release and iNOS and IRF‐1 induction in astrocytes were efficiently prevented by exogenous guanosine, indicating that the drug acted through reduction of IMPDH‐dependent synthesis of guanosine nucleotides. This IRF‐1‐dependent inhibition of iNOS activation might be partly responsible for the protective effect of MPA in EAE, prompting investigation of its potential use in multiple sclerosis. GLIA 39:247–255, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Human cortical glial tumors contain neural stem‐like cells expressing astroglial and neuronal markers in vitro
Authors: Ignatova Tatyana N. , Kukekov Valery G. , Laywell Eric D. , Suslov Oleg N. , Vrionis Frank D. , Steindler Dennis A. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractNeural stem cells from neurogenic regions of mammalian CNS are clonogenic in an in vitro culture system exploiting serum and anchorage withdrawal in medium supplemented with methyl cellulose and the pleiotropic growth factors EGF, FGF2, and insulin. The aim of this study was to test whether cortical glial tumors contain stem‐like cells capable, under this culture system, of forming clones showing intraclonal heterogeneity in the expression of neural lineage‐specific proteins. The high frequencies of clone‐forming cells (about 0.1–10 × 10−3) in clinical tumor specimens with mutated p53, and in neurogenic regions of normal human CNS, suggest that the ability to form clones in this culture system is induced epigenetically. RT‐PCR analyses of populations of normal brain‐ and tumor‐derived sister clones revealed transcripts for nestin, neuron‐specific enolase, and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). However, the tumor‐derived clones were different from clones derived from neurogenic regions of normal brain in the expression of transcripts specific for genes associated with neural cell fate determination via the Notch‐signaling pathway (Delta and Jagged), and cell survival at G2 or mitotic phases (Survivin). Moreover, the individual glioma‐derived clones contain cells immunopositive separately for GFAP or neuronal β‐III tubulin, as well as single cells coexpressing both glial and neuronal markers. The data suggest that the latent critical stem cell characteristics can be epigenetically induced by growth conditions not only in cells from neurogenic regions of normal CNS but also in cells from cortical glial tumors. Moreover, tumor stem‐like cells with genetically defective responses to epigenetic stimuli may contribute to gliomagenesis and the developmental pathological heterogeneity of glial tumors. GLIA 39:193–206, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Intracellular chloride modulates A‐type potassium currents in astrocytes
Authors: Bekar Lane K. , Walz Wolfgang 
Published: September 2002

AbstractApplication of the GABAA receptor agonist muscimol to astrocytes in situ or in vitro results in a receptor‐mediated Cl− current with a concomitant block of outward K+ currents. The effect on K+ current is largely selective for the inactivating A‐type current. Parallel experiments with various Cl− pipette concentrations show a significant reduction in A‐type current under low Cl− conditions with minimal effect on delayed current. In addition, lower Cl− conditions caused a depolarizing shift of steady‐state inactivation (V1/2, −68 to −57 mV) and activation (V1/2, −5.8 to 34 mV) kinetics of A‐type current only. Cl− had no effect on the time course of inactivation or reactivation kinetics, suggesting the Cl−‐mediated effect is largely on activation kinetics, indirectly affecting steady‐state inactivation. Muscimol application to astrocytes under perforated patch control (gramicidin) displayed a similar block of A‐type current to that of conventional whole cell patch at 40 or 20 mM pipette Cl− concentrations. With barium application under perforated patch conditions, the study of muscimol‐mediated Cl− current in isolation of the effect on K+ currents was possible. This allowed estimation of intracellular Cl− concentration from receptor current reversal information. The average intracellular Cl− concentration was found to be 29 ± 3.2 mM. The effect on activation kinetics and lack of effect on time course of inactivation or reactivation suggest that intracellular anion concentrations have an effect on the K+ channel voltage sensor region. Cl− may modulate K+ currents by altering membrane field potentials surrounding K+ channel proteins. GLIA 39:207–216, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
High‐affinity GABA uptake in retinal glial (Müller) cells of the guinea pig: Electrophysiological characterization, immunohistochemical localization, and modeling of efficiency
Authors: Biedermann Bernd , Bringmann Andreas , Reichenbach Andreas 
Published: September 2002

AbstractGlial cells may act as important modulators of neuronal information processing, in particular, via fast uptake of neuronally released transmitters. Here, we characterize the electrogenic γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) transporters present in the plasma membranes of Müller (glial) cells of the guinea pig retina and present an estimate of their functional efficiency. The GABA‐evoked whole‐cell currents are voltage‐dependent, with increasing amplitudes and decreasing affinity constants at more negative membrane potentials. The transmembranal GABA transport is concentration‐dependent, with near‐maximal currents at 100 μM GABA, and is dependent on extracellular sodium and chloride ions; the stoichiometry is 1 GABA/2 Na+/1 Cl−. Immunohistochemical labeling and whole‐cell voltage‐clamp records reveal that Müller cells express both GAT‐1 and GAT‐3 (but not GAT‐2), and that the transporter proteins are expressed predominantly at plasma membrane sites that, in situ, are localized in the outer retina where GABA uptake is performed exclusively by Müller cells. When extracellular GABA enters the cell interior, it evokes, via activation of the GABA transaminase, an NAD(P)H fluorescence signal selectively in the distal region of the Müller cells where their mitochondria are located. Using our experimental data, we simulated the GABA clearance from the extracellular space surrounding one Müller cell; these estimates show that a pulse of 100 μM extracellular GABA is fully cleared after 70 ms. It is suggested that Müller cells may be involved in the regulation of GABAergic transmission within the retina by providing a fast termination of GABAergic signaling via their highly efficient GABA uptake. GLIA 39:217–228, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.