bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cultural Origin and Minority Shareholder Expropriation: Historical Evidence
Authors: GU ZHIHUI , SUN WEI , ZHOU FRANK S. 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACTCan culture explain regional differences in minority shareholder expropriation? Examining regional variation in China, we document that the influence of historical Confucian values persists, despite decades of political movements clamping down on these values, and that these values reduce minority shareholder expropriation in local public firms. The effect on minority shareholder expropriation, in part, operates through the establishment of oversight mechanisms (i.e., greater financial reporting quality and dividend payouts) that constrain expropriation. The findings have important implications for understanding the origins of enduring regional differences in minority shareholder expropriation and capital market development.
Effects of biological agents on glycogen metabolism in psoriasis patients: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: He Ting , Chang Zhangqian , Zhang Yingjie , Lang Xiaoqing , Guo Shuping , Cui Hongzhou 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe effectiveness and safety of biological agents for treating psoriasis have been confirmed; however, their effects on glucose metabolism biomarkers in psoriasis patients remain unclear. A systematic review and meta‐analysis were performed according to PRISMA guidelines. The final analysis enrolled 12 studies, including eight randomized controlled trial (RCT) (n = 5628 patients) and four observational cohort studies (OBSs) (n = 393 patients). The meta‐analysis comprising nine studies (six RCTs and three OBSs) revealed a slight reduction in the levels of HOMA‐IR associated with the use of biological therapies in OBS (biological therapies vs. traditional therapies: WMD = −0.2, CI = −0.10 to 0.50, p = 0.02). Although a considerable number of studies were analysed, our review did not show a significant alteration in HOMA‐IR levels among patients treated with biological therapies such as IL‐17 inhibitors and IL‐12/23 inhibitors at weeks 12–16 in RCTs. We also did not observe remarkable alterations in the fasting plasma glucose levels of patients in both OBS and RCT. Additional RCT on a larger scale and duration is required to provide more conclusive evidence regarding the effect of biological agents on glycogen metabolism in psoriasis.
Pre‐transplant multidrug‐resistant infections in liver transplant recipients‐epidemiology and impact on transplantation outcome
Authors: Lemos Gabriela T. , Terrabuio Debora R. B. , Nunes Nathalia N. , Song Alice T. W. , Oshiro Isabel C. V. , D'Albuquerque Luiz Augusto C. , Levin Anna S. , Abdala Edson , Freire Maristela P. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundCirrhotic patients are highly exposed to healthcare services and antibiotics. Although pre‐liver transplantation (LT) infections are directly related to the worsening of liver function, the impact of these infections on LT outcomes is still unclear. This study aimed to identify the effect of multidrug‐resistant microorganism (MDRO) infections before LT on survival after LT.MethodsRetrospective study that included patients who underwent LT between 2010 and 2019. Variables analyzed were related to patients’ comorbidities, underlying diseases, time on the waiting list, antibiotic use, LT surgery, and occurrences post‐LT. Multivariate analyses were performed using logistic regression, and Cox regression for survival analysis.ResultsA total of 865 patients were included; 351 infections were identified in 259 (30%) patients, of whom 75 (29%) had ≥1 pre‐LT MDRO infection. The most common infection was spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (34%). The agent was identified in 249(71%), 53(15%) were polymicrobial. The most common microorganism was Klebsiella pneumoniae (18%); the most common MDRO was ESBL‐producing Enterobacterales (16%), and carbapenem‐resistant (CR) Enterobacterales (10%). Factors associated with MDRO infections before LT were previous use of therapeutic cephalosporin (p = .001) and fluoroquinolone (p = .001), SBP prophylaxis (p = .03), ACLF before LT (p = .03), and days of hospital stay pre‐LT (p < .001); HCC diagnosis was protective (p = .01). Factors associated with 90‐day mortality after LT were higher MELD on inclusion to the waiting list (p = .02), pre‐LT MDRO infection (p = .04), dialysis after LT (p < .001), prolonged duration of LT surgery (p < .001), post‐LT CR‐Gram‐negative bacteria infection (p < .001), and early retransplantation (p = .004).ConclusionMDRO infections before LT have an important impact on survival after LT.
The integration of haptic training into the QMUL dental curriculum
Authors: Ranauta Amitha , Audsley Ben , Coulthard Paul 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe Pandemic has challenged clinical dentistry globally with the dental education sector seeking alternative training environments. Virtual reality (VR) is gaining recognition as a valuable tool for training dental students and its use by dental schools around the world is growing. The continuous improvement of haptic VR dental trainers provides a platform where irreversible procedures can be safely and unlimitedly practised. This driver has led to the exploration and investment into virtual technology to improve education outcomes in dental students. The aim of this study was to share the early experience of a dental school in the United Kingdom that has initiated the process of embedding haptics into their simulation training within the dental curriculum. This paper explores the process of embedding and operationalising haptic training within the undergraduate curriculum. Using current knowledge of education pedagogy, the school aligned to an evidence‐based, best‐practice framework which utilised the concept of deliberate practice in the development of the Haptics curriculum which was adaptable and iterative in design. This paper contextualises the implementation of haptic training in a UK dental education setting by providing an outline of the framework used to develop the curriculum. Virtual reality haptics trainers have created unique opportunities and challenges for dental schools. Dental educators have sought to utilise this technology in a structured framework to enhance training.
Temporal and spatial patterns of foraging in two syntopic ant species, Manica yessensis and Formica lemani, on Mount Fuji, Japan
Authors: Masuko Keiichi 
Published: October 2023

AbstractSpatiotemporal characteristics of terrestrial foraging were studied in two ant species, Manica yessensis and Formica lemani, in a volcanic desert on the southeast slope of Mount Fuji, Gotenba, Japan. Both ants are common in this habitat, and they construct underground nests in this dry area with sparse vegetation. Nests of M. yessensis have multiple nest‐openings on the surface, whereas nests of F. lemani have very few openings, but their nesting and foraging areas overlap completely. A “mark‐and‐observe” method applied to M. yessensis demonstrated that worker ants of this species move between openings more than 3 m away. A study plot (6 m × 12 m quadrat) was set up, in which all nest‐openings of both species were mapped. Day‐long observations on numbers of foragers in this plot revealed that foraging M. yessensis are active in morning and evening, while F. lemani continues foraging all day, but both species cease activity at night. Associations between locations of foragers and nest‐openings differed significantly between the two species, that is, surface foraging of M. yessensis workers was largely confined to the vicinity of their nest‐openings, whereas foragers of F. lemani travelled far from their nest‐openings. The function of multiple nest‐openings in M. yessensis is discussed.
Myocardial markers are highly altered by higher rates of fluid removal during hemodialysis
Authors: Goto Junko , Ott Michael , Stegmayr Bernd 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIntroductionAlthough hemodialysis is lifesaving in patients with kidney failure extensive interdialytic weight gain (IDWG) between dialyses worsens the prognosis. We recently showed a strong correlation between IDWG and predialytic values of cardiac markers. The aim of the present study was to evaluate if the cardiac markers N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide (proBNP) and troponin T were influenced by IDWG and speed of fluid removal (ultrafiltration‐rate).MethodsTwenty hemodialysis patients performed in total 60 hemodialysis (three each). Predialytic values of proBNP and troponin T and changes from predialysis to 180 min hemodialysis (180–0 min) were compared with the IDWG calculated in percent of body weight. The ultrafiltration‐rate was adjusted (UF‐rateadj) to IDWG: (100 × weight gain between dialysis [kg])/(estimated body dry weight [kg] × length of hemodialysis session [hours]).ResultsUF‐rateadj correlated (Spearman) with (1) predialytic values of IDWG (r = 0.983, p < 0.001), proBNP (r = 0.443, p < 0.001), and troponin T (r = 0.296, p = 0.025); and (2) differences in proBNP180–0min (r = 0.572, p < 0.001) and troponin T180–0min (r = 0.400, p = 0.002). UF‐ratesadj above a breakpoint of 0.60 caused more release of proBNP180–0min (p = 0.027). Remaining variables in multiple regression analysis with ProBNP180–0min as dependent factor were predialytic proBNP (p < 0.001) and the ultrafiltration‐rate (p < 0.001).ConclusionHigher UF‐rateadj during dialysis was correlated to increased levels of cardiac markers. Data support a UF‐rateadj lower than 0.6 to limit such increase. Further studies may confirm if limited fluid intake and a lower UF‐rateadj should be recommended to prevent cardiac injury during dialysis.
A simple synthetic approach to BaZrS3, BaHfS3, and their solid solutions
Authors: Romagnoli Lorenza , Ciccioli Andrea , Dale Phillip J. , Yetkin Hasan Arif , Panetta Riccardo , Latini Alessandro 
Published: October 2023

AbstractA simple synthetic approach to BaZrS3, BaHfS3, and their solid solutions is presented and discussed here. The synthesis is performed under relatively mild conditions (T = 500°C) and is complete in a few hours. The reactants are powdered BaS, Me (Me: Zr, Hf) and S in a ratio 1:1:3, mixed and sealed under vacuum in borosilicate glass ampoules. No purification is usually required, and the yield is quantitative. The low synthesis temperature allows for the use of borosilicate glass as container material instead of silica glass, thus lowering the costs and simplifying the sealing of the reaction vessel; furthermore, the use of expensive ZrS2 and HfS2 is avoided. The same procedure was successfully used for the synthesis of solid solutions BaHf1‐xZrxS3 that were always obtained as crystalline single‐phase materials. The solid solutions display optical and structural properties that vary in a linear fashion with the composition and are intermediate between those of BaZrS3 and BaHfS3. The possibility of varying the band gap of the material between 1.78 (BaZrS3) and 2.11 eV (BaHfS3) in a continuous way by simply adjusting the Hf/Zr ratio is very intriguing for potential applications in multi‐junction and in‐door photovoltaic applications and light emitting devices.
Hello from the Other Side: Both Government Liabilities and Assets Matter for Sovereign Risk
Authors: PEPPEL‐SREBRNY JEMIMA 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWe provide evidence that for advanced economies' sovereign bond markets in recent decades, both sides of the government balance sheet matter: for explaining government borrowing cost empirically, (i) government assets are significant in addition to government liabilities, and (ii) it is government net worth (total financial and non‐financial assets less liabilities) rather than government liabilities that matters when both are included. The central country‐specific fiscal factor driving sovereign bond yields thus appears to be government net worth. The focus of policy and academic debates though has tended to be narrowly on government debt, even as government net worth has declined substantially in many OECD countries in recent decades.
Objective comparison of a sit to stand test to the walk test for the identification of unilateral lameness caused by cranial cruciate ligament disease in dogs
Authors: Triviño A. , Davidson C. , Clements D. N. , Ryan J. M. 
Published: October 2023

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to evaluate a sit to stand test with the walk test for the identification of unilateral cranial cruciate ligament rupture in dogs.Materials and MethodsPeak vertical force and vertical impulse were measured on a pressure‐sensitive walkway, during a sit to stand test and walk test, and in 10 dogs with unilateral cranial cruciate ligament rupture and 18 non‐lame dogs. Data collected were used to calculate symmetry indices (SI) of ipsilateral and contralateral hindlimbs (HL), diagonal limb pairs (DLP) and ipsilateral limb pairs (ILP).ResultsThe symmetry indices of peak vertical force of HL during the walk test and sit to stand test were 100% and 90% sensitive for discriminating lame and non‐lame dogs respectively. The symmetry indices of vertical impulse of HLs during the walk test and sit to stand test were 100% and 50% sensitive for discriminating lame and non‐lame dogs respectively. Analysis of ipsilateral and diagonal limb pairs did not improve the discrimination in either test. The time taken to collect data from the sit to stand test data was shorter than for the walk test.Clinical SignificanceWhilst the sit to stand test required a shorter time for collection of data than the walk test, it did not accurately identify all dogs with lameness associated with CCLR, and thus has relatively limited clinical utility in its tested form.
The role of rifampicin within the treatment of
Mycobacterium avium
pulmonary disease
Authors: Schildkraut Jodie A. , Raaijmakers Jelmer , Aarnoutse Rob , Hoefsloot Wouter , Wertheim Heiman F. L. , van Ingen Jakko 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT

Rifampicin is recommended for the treatment of
Mycobacterium avium
complex pulmonary disease alongside azithromycin and ethambutol. We evaluated the azithromycin-ethambutol backbone with and without rifampicin in an intracellular hollow fiber model and performed RNA sequencing to study the differences in adaptation. In an
in vitro
hollow fiber experiment, we simulated epithelial lining fluid pharmacokinetic profiles of the recommended 3-drug (rifampicin, ethambutol, and azithromycin) or a 2-drug (ethambutol and azithromycin) treatment. THP-1 cells infected with
M. avium
ATCC700898 were exposed to these regimens for 21 days. We determined intra- and extra-cellular bacterial load- and THP-1 cell densities on days 0, 3, 7, 14, and 21, alongside RNA sequencing. The emergence of macrolide resistance was studied by inoculating intra- and extra-cellular fractions of azithromycin-containing Middlebrook 7H10 agar plates. Complete pharmacokinetic profiles were determined at days 0 and 21. Both therapies maintained stasis of both intra- and extra-cellular bacterial populations for 3 days, whilst regrowth coinciding with the emergence of a macrolide-resistant subpopulation was seen after 7 days. THP-1 cell density remained static. Similar transcriptional profiles were observed for both therapies that were minimally influenced by exposure duration. Transcriptional response was slightly larger during 2-drug treatment. Rifampicin did not add to the antimycobacterial effect to the 2-drug therapy or suppression of emergence resistance. RNA transcription was not greatly altered by the addition of rifampicin, which may be due to strong transcriptional influence of azithromycin and host cells. This questions the role of rifampicin in the currently recommended therapy. These findings should be confirmed in clinical trials.
The master antioxidant defense is activated during EBV latent infection
Authors: Wang Ling , Howell Mary E. A. , Hensley Culton R. , Ning Katharine , Moorman Jonathan P. , Yao Zhi Q. , Ning Shunbin 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT

Our recent publication shows for the first time that the master antioxidant pathway Keap1-NRF2 is constitutively activated in EBV- or HTLV1-transformed cells, with the mechanism being unclear (L. Wang, M. E. A. Howell, A. Sparks-Wallace, C. Hawkins, et al., PLoS Pathog 15:e1007541, 2019,
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1007541
). In this follow-up investigation, we show that EBV-triggered ROS production activates the Keap1-NRF2 pathway in EBV-transformed cells, and LMP1 plays a major role in this event. Further investigation shows that the mitochondria in cell lines with EBV Type 3 latency produce higher levels of mitochondrial ROS that are responsible for the activation of the Keap1-NRF2 pathway, compared with Type 1 latency. Moreover, using both pharmaceutical inhibitors and CRISPR-mediated gene editing, we show that the stress-related kinase TBK1 is required for NRF2 activation. As to the functional consequences, shRNA-mediated knockdown of NRF2 in EBV-transformed IB4 and HTLV1-transformed MT4 cells elevates endogenous reactive oxygen species levels, promotes DNA damage, downregulates cell proliferation, and promotes EBV reactivation. These findings, together with our previous report, disclose how EBV controls the intricate balance between oxidative stress and antioxidant defense, which greatly improve our understanding of EBV latency and pathogenesis and may be leveraged to opportunities toward the improvement of therapeutic outcomes in EBV-associated diseases.

IMPORTANCE
To our knowledge, this is the first report delineating the activation of the master antioxidant defense during EBV latency. We show that EBV-triggered reactive oxygen species production activates the Keap1-NRF2 pathway in EBV-transformed cells, and LMP1 plays a major role in this event, and the stress-related kinase TBK1 is required for NRF2 activation. Moreover, we show that the Keap1-NRF2 pathway is important for cell proliferation and EBV latency maintenance. Our findings disclose how EBV controls the balance between oxidative stress and antioxidant defense, which greatly improve our understanding of EBV latency and pathogenesis and may be leveraged to opportunities toward the improvement of therapeutic outcomes in EBV-associated diseases.
Cretaceous stratigraphic framework and sedimentary architecture, Pakistan: signatures of rift-drift tectonics and submarine volcanism along the western continental margin of the Indian Plate
Authors: Umar Muhammad , Kassi Akhtar Muhammad , Jamil Muhammad , Kasi Aimal Khan , Khan Abdul Salam 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Abstract
The lithostratigraphy, biostratigraphy and depositional environments of the Cretaceous successions Pakistan were investigated to reveal the major geological events, including local, regional and global scale tectonics, phases of volcanism, basin condensation, emergence of structural highs and episodes of non-deposition. The succession is entirely missing at Salt Range, but were excellently exposed in Kirthar-Sulaiman Fold-Thrust belts. Such deviating nature (e.g., Hazara, Kalla Chitta, Surghar & Kohat) suggesting episodical tectonic activities were associated with inter-intra rifting and drifting of the India-Madagascar-Seychelles and Antarctica-Australian Plates during Cretaceous time. Correspondingly, several unconformities within the Cretaceous succession at numerous stratigraphic intervals consistently attest the effect of tectonics throughout the period. The recognized unconformities over Kawagarh, Lumshiwal, Parh and Fort Munro formations testify episodic uplifts on local and/or regional scales during the Coniacian-Santonian, Coniacian-Maastrichtian, Campanian and Maastrichtian in response to the separation of Madagascar from the India-Seychelles plate. In contrast, there was continuous sedimentation of carbonate, clastic and/or submarine volcanics in the Kirthar and Indian-Eurasian suture zone. Significant geological events in the restricted regions e.g., local scale submarine volcanism (Bibai Formation), ironstone deposition (Dilband Formation) and basin condensation (Khuzdar) were also associated with such rifting-drifting phases along the WNW margin of the Indian Plate.
KARAKTERISTIK KONSUMEN HEWAN KURBAN DI KAWASAN METROPOLITAN MAMMINASATA
Authors: Puspitasari Ayu , Syamsari Syamsari , Patiroy Ihwan , Zain Majdah M 
Published: October 2023

Penelitian tentang karakteristik konsumen hewan kurban perlu diteliti dengan tujuan untuk menjamin keberlanjutan bisnis hewan kurban dan dapat memuaskan konsumen. Pembelian hewan pada momen idul adha tinggi sehingga menciptakan peluang bisnis yang besar bagi producen dan pedagang. Waktu pelaksanaan penelitian yaitu pada saat hari raya idul adha dan hari tasyri yaitu 3 hari pasca hari raya idhul adha yang syariatkan untuk berkurban. Hari raya idul adha disesuaikan dengan penetapatan Pemerintah Republik Indonesia yaitu bertepatan dengan 29 Juni 2023 sehingga waktu penelitian yaitu 29 Juni sampai dengan 2 Juli 2023. Metode penelitian menggunakan survey, wawancara dan kuesioner yang diisi oleh 100 orang konsumen hewan kurban yang berdomisili di wilayah metropolitan mamminasata yang merupakan pusat pertumbuhan ekonomi Sulawesi Selatan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa semua konsumen dengan tingkat penghasilan rendah sampai tinggi dan memiliki beban tanggungan rendah, sedang dan berat bersedia untuk membeli hewan kurban. Mayoritas konsumen memilih untuk berkelompok dalam menjalankan ibadah kurban, pengelompokan tersebut berdasarkan komunitas masing-masing, mayoritas kelompok tersebut dibentuk oleh kerabat dan panitia masjid. Hewan kurban yang paling diminati konsumen adalah sapi yang dibeli langsung dari peternak dan pedagang sapi.
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy and Ventricular Preexcitation in the Young: Cause and Accessory Pathway Characteristics
Authors: Przybylski Robert , Saravu Vijayashankar Sakethram , O’Leary Edward T. , Hylind Robyn J. , Noon Jennifer , Dionne Audrey , DeWitt Elizabeth S. , Bezzerides Vassilios J. , Abrams Dominic J. 
Published: October 2023

BACKGROUND:
The cause of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) in the young is highly varied. Ventricular preexcitation (preexcitation) is well recognized, yet little is known about the specificity for any cause and the characteristics of the responsible accessory pathways (AP).

METHODS:
Retrospective cohort study of patients <21 years of age with HCM/preexcitation from 2000 to 2022. The cause of HCM was defined as isolated HCM, storage disorder, metabolic disease, or genetic syndrome. Atrioventricular AP (true AP) were distinguished from fasciculoventricular fibers (FVF) using standard invasive electrophysiology study criteria. AP were defined as high risk if any of the following were <250 ms: shortest preexcited RR interval in atrial fibrillation, shortest paced preexcited cycle length, or anterograde AP effective refractory period.

RESULTS:
We identified 345 patients with HCM and 28 (8%) had preexcitation (isolated HCM, 10/220; storage disorder, 8/17; metabolic disease, 5/19; and genetic syndrome, 5/89). Six (21%) patients had clinical atrial fibrillation (1 with shortest preexcited RR interval <250 ms). Twenty-two patients underwent electrophysiology study which identified 23 true AP and 16 FVF. Preexcitation was exclusively FVF mediated in 8 (36%) patients. Five (23%) patients had AP with high-risk conduction properties (including ≥1 patient in each etiologic group). Multiple AP were seen in 8 (36%) and AP plus FVF in 10 (45%) patients. Ablation was acutely successful in 13 of 14 patients with recurrence in 3. One procedure was complicated by complete heart block after ablation of a high-risk midseptal AP. There were significant differences in QRS amplitude and delta wave amplitude between groups. There were no surface ECG features that differentiated AP from FVF.

CONCLUSIONS:
Young patients with HCM and preexcitation have a high likelihood of underlying storage disease or metabolic disease. Nonisolated HCM should be suspected in young patients with large QRS and delta wave amplitudes. Surface ECG is not adequate to discriminate preexcitation from a benign FVF from that secondary to potentially life-threatening AP.