bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Breast-feeding as protective factor against bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants
Authors: Uberos Jose , Sanchez-Ruiz Isabel , Fernández-Marin Elizabeth , Ruiz-López Aida , Cubero-Millan Isabel , Campos-Martínez Ana 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBreast-feeding is associated with fewer comorbidities in very-low-birth-weight (VLBW) preterm infants. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) of VLBW infants is a multifactorial pathology in which nutritional aspects may be of special importance. The aim of this study is to determine, in a cohort of VLBW infants, whether breast milk nutrition is associated with a reduced prevalence and severity of BPD. A retrospective study was conducted to record the intake of mother’s own milk (MOM), pasteurised donor human milk or preterm formula milk in the first 2 weeks of postnatal life of 566 VLBW newborns at our hospital during the period January 2008–December 2021. After applying the relevant exclusion criteria, data for 489 VLBW infants were analysed; 195 developed some degree of BPD. Moderate or severe BPD is associated with less weight gain. Moreover, the preferential ingestion of breast milk in the first and second postnatal weeks had effects associated with lower OR for BPD, which were statistically demonstrable for mild (OR 0·16; 95 % CI 0·03, 0·71) and severe (OR 0·08; 95 % CI 0·009, 0·91) BPD. Breast-feeding during the first weeks of postnatal life is associated with a reduced prevalence of BPD, which is frequently associated with less weight gain as a result of greater respiratory effort with greater energy expenditure.
Altered larval activation response associated with multidrug resistance in the canine hookworm Ancylostoma caninum
Authors: McKean Elise L. , Grill Emilia , Choi Young-Jun , Mitreva Makedonka , O'Halloran Damien M. , Hawdon John M. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractParasitic gastrointestinal nematodes pose significant health risks to humans, livestock, and companion animals, and their control relies heavily on the use of anthelmintic drugs. Overuse of these drugs has led to the emergence of resistant nematode populations. Herein, a naturally occurring isolate (referred to as BCR) of the dog hookworm, Ancylostoma caninum, that is resistant to 3 major classes of anthelmintics is characterized. Various drug assays were used to determine the resistance of BCR to thiabendazole, ivermectin, moxidectin and pyrantel pamoate. When compared to a drug-susceptible isolate of A. caninum, BCR was shown to be significantly resistant to all 4 of the drugs tested. Multiple single nucleotide polymorphisms have been shown to impart benzimidazole resistance, including the F167Y mutation in the β-tubulin isotype 1 gene, which was confirmed to be present in BCR through molecular analysis. The frequency of the resistant allele in BCR was 76.3% following its first passage in the lab, which represented an increase from approximately 50% in the founding hookworm population. A second, recently described mutation in codon 134 (Q134H) was also detected at lower frequency in the BCR population. Additionally, BCR exhibits an altered larval activation phenotype compared to the susceptible isolate, suggesting differences in the signalling pathways involved in the activation process which may be associated with resistance. Further characterization of this isolate will provide insights into the mechanisms of resistance to macrocyclic lactones and tetrahydropyrimidine anthelmintics.
18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/CT in the diagnosis of right-sided endocarditis in children and adults with infective endocarditis
Authors: Ugan Atik Sezen , Arslan Perver , Bilgiç Seçkin , Sonmezoglu Kerim , Cilsal Erman , Gokalp Selman , Guzeltas Alper 
Published: January 2024

AbstractObjective:Infectious endocarditis poses a diagnostic challenge due to its highly variable clinical presentation. To establish a definitive diagnosis, different imaging modalities are essential. In recent years, positron emission tomography/CT has gained increasing significance in diagnosing infective endocarditis; however, its application in the pediatric age group remains limited. This study encompasses patients definitively or potentially diagnosed with infectious endocarditis at our institution from 2018 to 2023.Methods:A total of 29 patients underwent 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/CT examinations, with 19 of them presenting with right-sided infective endocarditis.Results:Evidence consistent with infective endocarditis was observed in 18 (94.7%) of the patients. Pulmonary septic embolism was identified in 15 (78.9%) cases, and splenic involvement was noted in 12 (57.8%) cases. Transthoracic/transesophageal echocardiography failed to reveal vegetation or provided uncertain results in six patients, whereas fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography-CT exhibited involvement. Subsequently, the diagnosis of infective endocarditis was confirmed post-surgery based on the fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography-CT findings.Conclusion:Our results, along with our clinical experience, demonstrate that fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography-CT is a safe and viable method for diagnosing right-sided endocarditis, which is often challenging to visualize using echocardiography.
Influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on the congenital heart surgery service in Lithuania
Authors: Budrys Dominykas , Gegieckienė Rūta , Lebetkevičius Virgilijus , Sudikienė Rita , Tarutis Virgilijus , Jonas Karolis 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIntroduction:CHD is a unique group of medical pathologies. Literature worldwide reports significant decrements in the case volume of patients with these conditions due to the recent global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019. The only centre providing congenital cardiac care for Lithuanian population is in a hospital which was the main medical institution for the sickest coronavirus disease 2019 patients. Hence, this centre had to maintain its service alongside the mobilisation of resources to tackle the crisis.Aim of Study:To evaluate the effect of the pandemic on the service of congenital heart surgery in Lithuania.Methods:The activity of a single centre providing congenital heart care working in a main coronavirus 2019 pandemic hospital during the pandemic was analysed and compared to a matched period of pre-pandemic activity.Results:The number of admitted patients was similar during both pre-pandemic and pandemic periods. During the pandemic period, younger patients were more often operated as urgent cases. Their postoperative length of stay was longer. However, there were no differences in early postoperative mortality between the two groups.Conclusions:It was possible to maintain an accessible and high-quality specialised congenital cardiac care for various age patients during global pandemic events, while working in the main pandemic hospital.
A CATEGORICAL APPROACH TO THE BAUM–CONNES CONJECTURE FOR ÉTALE GROUPOIDS
Authors: Bönicke Christian , Proietti Valerio 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWe consider the equivariant Kasparov category associated to an étale groupoid, and by leveraging its triangulated structure we study its localization at the ‘weakly contractible’ objects, extending previous work by R. Meyer and R. Nest. We prove the subcategory of weakly contractible objects is complementary to the localizing subcategory of projective objects, which are defined in terms of ‘compactly induced’ algebras with respect to certain proper subgroupoids related to isotropy. The resulting ‘strong’ Baum–Connes conjecture implies the classical one, and its formulation clarifies several permanence properties and other functorial statements. We present multiple applications, including consequences for the Universal Coefficient Theorem, a generalized ‘going-down’ principle, injectivity results for groupoids that are amenable at infinity, the Baum–Connes conjecture for group bundles, and a result about the invariance of K-groups of twisted groupoid
$C^*$
-algebras under homotopy of twists.
Longitudinal Measurement Invariance of the DSM-5 Anxiety and	Depression Severity Measures
Authors: Vidal-Arenas Verónica , Bravo Adrian J. , Ortet-Walker Jordi , Ortet Generós , Ibáñez Manuel I. , Mezquita Laura 
Published: January 2024

Abstract: There is scarce evidence on the psychometric properties of the Severity Measures (SMs) of the DSM-5 longitudinally, especially among Spanish young adults. Thus, the main objective of the present study was to analyze the Longitudinal Measurement Invariance (LMI) of the SMs for Depression, Generalized Anxiety, Social Anxiety, Panic, Separation Anxiety, Agoraphobia, and Specific Phobia scales in four assessment waves at 6-month intervals. A total of 564 Spanish young adults ( Mage = 21.5 years; 67.9% females) participated in the study. Confirmatory Factor Analyses (CFAs) were carried out at each wave. Once the adequacy of the factor structure of the models was confirmed, three levels of LMI were examined (i.e., configural, metric, and scalar). Finally, we examined internal consistency (i.e., Cronbach’s α and ω) across assessment waves and gender groups. CFAs analyses supported a two-factor solution for the specific phobia scale and a one-factor solution for the rest of the SMs in baseline models. Evidence of LMI at the configural, metric, and scalar levels was observed for all seven SMs. Reliability indices ranged from .73 to .96. These results suggest that the DSM-5 SMs are useful assessment tools for longitudinal and follow-up studies in Spanish young adults.
Efficient Thermoelectric Conversion of Sulfide Chimneys in Submarine Volcanic Systems
Authors: Jia Haoning , Zhu Jiaqi , Li Yanzhang , Li Jiwei , Ye Huan , Du Yimei , Hua Tianci , Zhuang Ziyi , Lu Anhuai , Ding Hongrui , Lai Yong , Wang Changqiu , Li Yan 
Published: January 2024

AbstractSubmarine volcanos are the most active areas in the deep sea, but the environmental consequences of frequent volcanic activity on the geophysical fields and biogeochemical processes near hydrothermal chimneys have not been fully understood yet. In particular, how continuous high‐flux thermal energy, the most typical form of energy in active submarine volcanic systems, affects electron transport and geoelectric field remains unknown. This study provides the first evidence that thermal energy can be efficiently converted to electrical energy at an extremely small spatial scale of the submarine black chimneys. The Seebeck coefficient of sulfide chimneys can reach more than 200 μV/K, with high electrical conductivity of 104 S/m and low thermal conductivity of 1.0 W/(m·K) within 300–700 K. A maximal potential gradient of 300 mV/cm under a temperature difference of 300–700 K can be generated by the thermoelectric conversion of sulfide chimneys, with a maximum energy converting efficiency up to 1%. The thermoelectric conversion effect of a global‐scale submarine volcanos could enable electroactive bacteria to fix appromaxiately 105–106 tons of carbon per year. In addition, the thermal‐electrochemical experiments indicated sulfides underwent rapid oxidation under thermoelectric effects, which may help explain the intense oxidative weathering of sulfides in some anoxic deep‐sea hydrothermal zones.
A Medium‐Sized Paleo‐Tsunami Reconstruction by a Deep Neural Network Processing Sedimentary Deposits
Authors: Batubo P. , Morra G. , Oppo D. , Moore A. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractReconstructing the magnitude and recurrence time of tsunamis, one of the most destructive and unpredictable natural hazards impacting coastal communities, is essential. While major tsunamis are the most studied due to their disastrous impact, small/medium tsunamis (SMTs) are much more frequent and can still significantly impact the coast. Therefore, SMTs potentially provide an extensive archive of information preserved in the geological record. Analyzing the deposits of small/medium paleo‐tsunamis (SMPTs) opens a window into when their direct observation was unavailable. However, deposits of SMPTs are often degraded, traditional sediment deposition inversion models might fail. Recent research has shown that Deep Neural Networks (DNN) can effectively reconstruct the flow conditions of major tsunamis from their deposits. We evaluate the effectiveness of this approach in reconstructing the characteristics of a recent medium size tsunami (2006 Java) and of a medium paleo‐tsunami (1929 Grand Banks). We successfully reconstruct the flow characteristics of the 2006 Java event and show that an inversion of comparable quality is possible for the 1929 Grand Banks tsunami, despite greater uncertainties due to the deposit degradation. Our research shows that Machine Learning has the potential to unseal the meaning of data of thousands SMPTs.
Assessing Global Reservoir‐Based Hydrological Droughts by Fusing Storage and Evaporation
Authors: Shah Deep , Zhao Gang , Li Yao , Singh Vijay P. , Gao Huilin 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAlthough reservoirs serve as a lifeline for drought mitigation and adaptation, reservoir‐based droughts (RBD) have received limited attention. Especially RBD that incorporate reservoir evaporation have remained overlooked. Here, we develop an Integrated Reservoir Drought Index (IRDI) using a Frank copula by combining the effects of reservoir storage and evaporation rate for 164 global reservoirs. Results show that Africa, South America, and Australia have experienced relatively longer RBD, whereas Asia and Africa have experienced more intense RBD. Furthermore, when significant (p‐value < 0.05) trends in inflow and IRDI have shown opposite signs at a given reservoir, it is implied that human influence was the dominant driver of the long‐term changes in RBD. We found that RBD was driven by climate in 71% of the 38 reservoirs examined and by human activities in the remaining 29% of reservoirs. Our study provides reservoir specific drought outlook that has significant environmental and sustainability implications.
Calibration of an SKA‐Low Prototype Station Using Holographic Techniques
Authors: Thekkeppattu Jishnu N. , Wayth Randall B. , Sokołowski Marcin 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPerformance of digitally beamformed phased arrays relies on accurate calibration of the array by obtaining gains of each antenna in the array. The stations of the Square Kilometer Array‐Low (SKA‐Low) are such digital arrays, where the station calibration is currently performed using conventional interferometric techniques. An alternative calibration technique similar to holography of dish based telescopes has been suggested in the past. In this paper, we develop a novel mathematical framework for holography employing tensors, which are multi‐way data structures. Self‐holography using a reference beam formed with the station under test itself and cross‐holography using a different station to obtain the reference beam are unified under the same formalism. Besides, the relation between the two apparently distinct holographic approaches in the literature for phased arrays is shown, and we show that under certain conditions the two methods yield the same results. We test the various holographic techniques on an SKA‐Low prototype station Aperture Array Verification System 2 (AAVS2) with the Sun as the calibrator. We perform self‐holography of AAVS2 and cross‐holography with simultaneous observations carried out with another station Engineering Development Array 2. We find the results from the holographic techniques to be consistent among themselves as well as with a more conventional calibration technique.
Assessing Climate Change Impacts on Yield of “Dual‐Priority” Water Rights in Carryover Systems at Catchment Scale
Authors: Ren Peizhen , Stewardson Michael , Peel Murray , Turner Margot , John Andrew 
Published: January 2024

AbstractFuture water availability is threatened by changes in both climate and water demand. Water rights with differing priorities are an important foundation of demand‐side tools (e.g., buyback, water pricing, and water market) to improve water use efficiency and reduce water scarcity, especially in highly regulated river systems. This paper assesses the impact of climate change on water yields from carryover storage with dual‐priority (high/low) water rights allocation systems using a simple and rapid analytical method. The method characterizes reservoir inflows using readily available flow characteristics (annual mean and Cv). We evaluate this method against a water resource simulation model in the Goulburn River basin, Australia. In general, our analytical “dual‐priority” Gould‐Dincer model reproduces water allocation estimates from the simulation model. We further demonstrate this method across 12 Australian catchments to investigate the climate change impact on “dual‐priority” water rights yield at the catchment scale. The hydrological projections show decreasing mean annual runoff and increasing annual runoff variability, except for some catchments in northern Australia. Water yield for high‐priority water rights (HPWRs) and low‐priority water rights (LPWRs) decreases for most catchments except for some catchments in northern Australia. South Dandalup in the 2070s (RCP8.5) shows the largest percentage decrease in HPWR and LPWR yield (about −53.53% and −56.81%, respectively). Our results show that changes in mean annual inflow have a more significant influence on water yield of HPWR and LPWR than Cv. Overall, the simple method provides a rapid assessment of water yields with “dual‐priority” water rights which is applicable across multiple sites at regional or even global scale.
The Hippo-YAP signaling pathway drives CD24-mediated immune evasion in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma via macrophage phagocytosis
Authors: Zhou Xiaofeng , Yan Ziyi , Hou Jinghan , Zhang Lichen , Chen Zhen , Gao Can , Ahmad Nor Hazwani , Guo Mingzhou , Wang Weilong , Han Tao , Chang Tingmin , Kang Xiaohong , Wang Lidong , Liang Yinming , Li Xiumin 
Published: January 2024

AbstractEsophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the most lethal malignancies in the world with poor prognosis. Despite the promising applications of immunotherapy, the objective response rate is still unsatisfactory. We have previously shown that Hippo/YAP signaling acts as a powerful tumor promoter in ESCC. However, whether Hippo/YAP signaling is involved in tumor immune escape in ESCC remains largely unknown. Here, we show that YAP directly activates transcription of the “don’t eat me” signal CD24, and plays a crucial role in driving tumor cells to avoid phagocytosis by macrophages. Mechanistically, YAP regulates CD24 expression by interacting with TEAD and binding the CD24 promoter to initiate transcription, which facilitates tumor cell escape from macrophage-mediated immune attack. Our animal model data and clinical data show that YAP combined with CD24 in tumor microenvironment redefines the impact of TAMs on the prognosis of ESCC patients which will provide a valuable basis for precision medicine. Moreover, treatment with YAP inhibitor altered the distribution of macrophages and suppressed tumorigenesis and progression of ESCC in vivo. Together, our study provides a novel link between Hippo/YAP signaling and macrophage-mediated immune escape, which suggests that the Hippo-YAP-CD24 axis may act as a promising target to improve the prognosis of ESCC patients.
Transport and inhibition mechanism for VMAT2-mediated synaptic vesicle loading of monoamines
Authors: Wang Yuwei , Zhang Pei , Chao Yulin , Zhu Zhini , Yang Chuanhui , Zhou Zixuan , Li Yaohui , Long Yonghui , Liu Yuehua , Li Dianfan , Wang Sheng , Qu Qianhui 
Published: January 2024

AbstractMonoamine neurotransmitters such as serotonin and dopamine are loaded by vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2) into synaptic vesicles for storage and subsequent release in neurons. Impaired VMAT2 function underlies various neuropsychiatric diseases. VMAT2 inhibitors reserpine and tetrabenazine are used to treat hypertension, movement disorders associated with Huntington’s Disease and Tardive Dyskinesia. Despite its physiological and pharmacological significance, the structural basis underlying VMAT2 substrate recognition and its inhibition by various inhibitors remains unknown. Here we present cryo-EM structures of human apo VMAT2 in addition to states bound to serotonin, tetrabenazine, and reserpine. These structures collectively capture three states, namely the lumen-facing, occluded, and cytosol-facing conformations. Notably, tetrabenazine induces a substantial rearrangement of TM2 and TM7, extending beyond the typical rocker-switch movement. These functionally dynamic snapshots, complemented by biochemical analysis, unveil the essential components responsible for ligand recognition, elucidate the proton-driven exchange cycle, and provide a framework to design improved pharmaceutics targeting VMAT2.
All-in-one porous membrane enables full protection in guided bone regeneration
Authors: Wu Shuyi , Luo Shulu , Cen Zongheng , Li Qianqian , Li Luwei , Li Weiran , Huang Zhike , He Wenyi , Liang Guobin , Wu Dingcai , Zhou Minghong , Li Yan 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe sophisticated hierarchical structure that precisely combines contradictory mechanical and biological characteristics is ideal for biomaterials, but it is challenging to achieve. Herein, we engineer a spatiotemporally hierarchical guided bone regeneration (GBR) membrane by rational bilayer integration of densely porous N-halamine functionalized bacterial cellulose nanonetwork facing the gingiva and loosely porous chitosan-hydroxyapatite composite micronetwork facing the alveolar bone. Our GBR membrane asymmetrically combine stiffness and flexibility, ingrowth barrier and ingrowth guiding, as well as anti-bacteria and cell-activation. The dense layer has a mechanically matched space maintenance capacity toward gingiva, continuously blocks fibroblasts, and prevents bacterial invasion with multiple mechanisms including release-killing, contact-killing, anti-adhesion, and nanopore-blocking; the loose layer is ultra-soft to conformally cover bone surfaces and defect cavity edges, enables ingrowth of osteogenesis-associated cells, and creates a favorable osteogenic microenvironment. As a result, our all-in-one porous membrane possesses full protective abilities in GBR.
Spatial structure, chemotaxis and quorum sensing shape bacterial biomass accumulation in complex porous media
Authors: Scheidweiler David , Bordoloi Ankur Deep , Jiao Wenqiao , Sentchilo Vladimir , Bollani Monica , Chhun Audam , Engel Philipp , de Anna Pietro 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBiological tissues, sediments, or engineered systems are spatially structured media with a tortuous and porous structure that host the flow of fluids. Such complex environments can influence the spatial and temporal colonization patterns of bacteria by controlling the transport of individual bacterial cells, the availability of resources, and the distribution of chemical signals for communication. Yet, due to the multi-scale structure of these complex systems, it is hard to assess how different biotic and abiotic properties work together to control the accumulation of bacterial biomass. Here, we explore how flow-mediated interactions allow the gut commensal Escherichia coli to colonize a porous structure that is composed of heterogenous dead-end pores (DEPs) and connecting percolating channels, i.e. transmitting pores (TPs), mimicking the structured surface of mammalian guts. We find that in presence of flow, gradients of the quorum sensing (QS) signaling molecule autoinducer-2 (AI-2) promote E. coli chemotactic accumulation in the DEPs. In this crowded environment, the combination of growth and cell-to-cell collision favors the development of suspended bacterial aggregates. This results in hot-spots of resource consumption, which, upon resource limitation, triggers the mechanical evasion of biomass from nutrients and oxygen depleted DEPs. Our findings demonstrate that microscale medium structure and complex flow coupled with bacterial quorum sensing and chemotaxis control the heterogenous accumulation of bacterial biomass in a spatially structured environment, such as villi and crypts in the gut or in tortuous pores within soil and filters.