bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synaptic connections between pigment‐dispersing factor‐immunoreactive neurons and neurons in the pars lateralis of the blow fly Protophormia terraenovae
Authors: Hamanaka Yoshitaka , Yasuyama Kouji , Numata Hideharu , Shiga Sakiko 
Published: September 2005

AbstractIn females of the blow fly Protophormia terraenovae, neurons with cell bodies in the pars lateralis (PL) projecting to the retrocerebral complex (designated as PL neurons) are necessary for the induction of reproductive diapause under short‐day and low‐temperature conditions. In the present study, neural connections between PL neurons and pigment‐dispersing factor (PDF)‐immunoreactive neurons were examined via immunolight microscopy and immunoelectron microscopy combined with backfills through the cardiac‐recurrent nerve. Immunolight microscopy showed that fibers of PL neurons overlapped with PDF‐immunoreactive fibers in the dorsolateral region of the superior protocerebral neuropil. Immunoelectron microscopy showed that PDF‐immunoreactive fibers formed output synapses with fibers of PL neurons and unlabeled neurons in a region dorsoanteriorly located with respect to the calyx of the mushroom body. The distribution of synaptic connections between PDF‐immunoreactive fibers and the fibers of PL neurons was sparse. According to the projection patterns, PDF‐immunoreactive fibers with synaptic connections with PL neurons appeared to originate from PDF‐immunoreactive neurons with cell bodies at the base of the medulla of the optic lobe (medulla PDF neurons), which are putative circadian clock neurons in P. terraenovae. PDF immunoreactivity was restrictively detected in dense‐core vesicles but not in clear synaptic vesicles. The present results suggest that medulla PDF neurons convey time or photoperiodic information to PL neurons for diapause induction through direct synaptic connections. J. Comp. Neurol. 491:390–399, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Histochemical differences between motoneurons supplying multiply and singly innervated extraocular muscle fibers
Authors: Eberhorn Andreas C. , Ardeleanu Patricia , Büttner‐Ennever Jean A. , Horn Anja K.E. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe extraocular muscle fibers of vertebrates can be classified into two categories: singly innervated fibers (SIFs) and multiply innervated fibers (MIFs). In monkeys, the motoneurons of SIFs lie within the oculomotor, trochlear, and abducens nucleus, whereas the motoneurons of MIFs appear in separate subgroups in the periphery of the classical nuclei borders. In the present study, we investigated the histochemical properties of SIF and MIF motoneurons by using combined tract‐tracing and immunofluorescence techniques. In monkeys, SIF and MIF motoneurons of extraocular muscles were identified by tracer injections into the belly or the distal myotendinous junction of the medial or lateral rectus muscle. Alternatively, the motoneurons were identified by choline acetyltransferase immunostaining. These techniques were combined with the detection of histochemical markers for perineuronal nets, nonphosphorylated neurofilaments, parvalbumin, or cytochrome oxidase. The experiments revealed that the MIF motoneurons in the periphery of the motonuclei do not contain nonphosphorylated neurofilaments or parvalbumin and lack perineuronal nets. In contrast, SIF motoneurons express all markers at high intensity. Cytochrome oxidase immunostaining was found in both motoneuron populations. An additional population of motoneurons with “MIF properties” was identified within the boundaries of the abducens nucleus, which could represent the motoneurons innervating MIFs in the orbital layer of lateral rectus muscle. Our data provide evidence that SIF and MIF motoneurons, which can be correlated with twitch motoneurons and presumed non‐twitch motoneurons, differ in their histochemical properties. The absence of perineuronal nets, nonphosphorylated neurofilaments, and parvalbumin may help to identify the homologous MIF motoneurons in other species, including humans. J. Comp. Neurol. 491:352–366, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Estimation of system parameters applicable to waveform‐distorted signals within a framework of square‐law detection model
Authors: Norimatsu Seiji , Kamezawa Hiroyuki 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe Q method and the modified Q method considering the waveform distortion have been proposed as methods of estimating the transmission performance based on the measured bit error rate (BER) in an optical fiber communication system. In these estimation methods, it is assumed that the noise after detection follows a Gaussian distribution. Since square‐law detection in the optical receiver is not considered, the estimation error is increased. Consequently, this paper proposes a method for estimation of the system parameters, considering the noise after optical square‐law detection and waveform distortion in the received signal. The system parameters for determining the BER are estimated in two steps. The transmission performance is estimated from the system parameters determined by the proposed estimation method, and its accuracy is examined. It is shown that the proposed method can estimate the transmission performance more accurately than the conventional estimation methods. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 89(1): 54–66, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience. wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecja.20230
Performance evaluation of minimum S/N loss pulse compression filter with zero range sidelobe
Authors: Shinonaga Mitsuyoshi , Yajima Shinichi , Nishimoto Shinkichi 
Published: September 2005

AbstractFor pulse compression processing, a range sidelobe suppression method previously reported for the derivation of a pulse compression filter window function realizes a zero range sidelobe on the time constraint points and simultaneously minimizes the S/N loss corresponding to the signal loss. The present paper presents an evaluation by simulation of the pulse compression processing performance based on this design method. It is found that filter design by about fourfold oversampling is adequate and that characteristics better than those achieved by the conventional window function scheme can be obtained in terms of the peak sidelobe level, S/N loss, and compressed pulse width, indicating that the present design procedure is effective. The performance deterioration due to the Doppler shift is similar to that in the conventional method and thus is acceptable for practical purposes. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 89(1): 45–53, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecja.20233
Sequence analysis of the protein kinase gene family in human testicular germ‐cell tumors of adolescents and adults
Authors: Bignell Graham , Smith Raffaella , Hunter Chris , Stephens Philip , Davies Helen , Greenman Chris , Teague Jon , Butler Adam , Edkins Sarah , Stevens Claire , O'Meara Sarah , Parker Adrian , Avis Tim , Barthorpe Syd , Brackenbury Lisa , Buck Gemma , Clements Jody , Cole Jennifer , Dicks Ed , Edwards Ken , Forbes Simon , Gorton Matthew , Gray Kristian , Halliday Kelly , Harrison Rachel , Hills Katy , Hinton Jonathon , Jones David , Kosmidou Vivienne , Laman Ross , Lugg Richard , Menzies Andrew , Perry Janet , Petty Robert , Raine Keiran , Shepherd Rebecca , Small Alexandra , Solomon Helen , Stephens Yvonne , Tofts Calli , Varian Jennifer , Webb Anthony , West Sofie , Widaa Sara , Yates Andy , Gillis Ad J. M. , Stoop Hans J. , van Gurp Ruud J. H. L. M. , Oosterhuis J. Wolter , Looijenga Leendert H. J. , Futreal P. Andrew , Wooster Richard , Stratton Michael R. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe protein kinase gene family is the most frequently mutated in human cancer. Previous work has documented activating mutations in the KIT receptor tyrosine kinase in testicular germ‐cell tumors (TGCT). To investigate further the potential role of mutated protein kinases in the development of TGCT and to characterize the prevalence and patterns of point mutations in these tumors, we have sequenced the coding exons and splice junctions of the annotated protein kinase family of 518 genes in a series of seven seminomas and six nonseminomas. Our results show a remarkably low mutation frequency, with only a single somatic point mutation, a K277E mutation in the STK10 gene, being identified in a total of more than 15 megabases of sequence analyzed. Sequencing of STK10 in an additional 40 TGCTs revealed no further mutations. Comparative genomic hybridization and LOH analysis using SNP arrays demonstrated that the 13 TGCTs mutationally screened through the 518 protein kinase genes were uniformly aneuploid with consistent chromosomal gains on 12p, 8q, 7, and X and losses on 13q, 18q, 11q, and 4q. Our results do not provide evidence for a mutated protein kinase implicated in the development of TGCT other than KIT. Moreover, they demonstrate that the general prevalence of point mutations in TGCT is low, in contrast to the high frequency of copy number changes. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Disruption of Smooth Pursuit Eye Movements in Cirrhosis: Relationship to Hepatic Encephalopathy and its Treatment *
Authors: Montagnese Sara , Gordon Harriet M. , Jackson Clive , Smith Justine , Tognella Patrizia , Jethwa Nutan , Sherratt Michael R. , Morgan Marsha Y. 
Published: September 2005

Abstract

Smooth pursuit eye movements (SPEM) are the conjugate movements used to track the smooth trajectory of small dots. Jerky or ‘saccadic’ ocular pursuit has been reported in patients with cirrhosis, but no formal assessment of SPEM has ever been undertaken. The aim of this study was to evaluate SPEM in patients with cirrhosis and varying degrees of hepatic encephalopathy. The patient population comprised 56 individuals (31 men, 25 women) of mean age 51.1 (range, 25–70) years, with biopsy-proven cirrhosis, classified, using clinical, electroencephalographic, and psychometric variables, as either neuropsychiatrically unimpaired or as having minimal or overt hepatic encephalopathy; patients were further categorized in relation to their treatment status. The reference population comprised 28 healthy volunteers (12 men, 16 women) of mean age 47.3 (range, 26–65) years. SPEM was assessed using an electro-oculographic technique. Visual inspection of the SPEM recordings showed clear disruption of smooth pursuit in the patients with minimal hepatic encephalopathy, and more pronounced disruption, if not complete loss, of smooth pursuit in patients with overt hepatic encephalopathy. The differences observed in quantifiable SPEM indices between the healthy volunteers/unimpaired patients and those with overt hepatic encephalopathy were significant (

P

< .05).
In conclusion
, SPEM performance is impaired in patients with hepatic encephalopathy in parallel with the degree of neuropsychiatric disturbance: the pathophysiology of these changes is unknown, but retinal, extrapyramidal, and attentional abnormalities are likely to play a role. Treatment status confounds the classification of neuropsychiatric status and should be taken into account when categorizing these patients. (Hepatology 2005;42:772–781.)
Mechanisms of digoxin and digitoxin on the production of corticosterone in zona fasciculata‐reticularis cells of ovariectomized rats
Authors: Pu Hsiao‐Fung , Wang Shyi‐Wu , Tseng Chiung‐I , Huang Hsin‐Lei , Lin Chia‐Wen , Hsu Jong‐Ming , Chen Ming‐Jen , Chow Yung‐Chiong , Wang Paulus S. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractPrevious studies have indicated that digoxin (DG) inhibits testosterone production by rat testicular interstitial cells through both in vivo and in vitro experiments. DG and digitoxin (DT), but not ouabain, inhibit the progesterone, pregnenolone, and corticosterone secretion by rat granulosa cells, luteal cells, and zona fasciculata‐reticularis (ZFR) cells, respectively. However, the effect of DG and DT on the enzyme kinetics of cytochrome P450 side chain cleavage enzyme (P450scc), the protein expression of P450scc and steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR), and mRNA expression of StAR are unclear. ZFR cells were prepared from adrenocortical tissues of ovariectomized rats, and then challenged with adrenocorticotropin (ACTH), 8‐Br‐cAMP, forskolin, A23187, cyclopiazonic acid (CPA), nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP), trilostane, 25‐OH‐Cholesterol, progesterone, or deoxycorticosterone in the presence of DG, DT, or ouabain for 1 h. Enzyme kinetics of P450scc, protein expression of acute regulatory protein (StAR) and P450scc, and mRNA expression of StAR were investigated. DG and DT but not ouabain suppressed basal and other evoked‐corticosterone release significantly. DG and DT also inhibited pregnenolone production. The Vmax of the DG and DT group was the same as the control group, but the Km was higher in DG‐ and DT‐treated group than in control group. DT and ouabain significant suppressed mRNA expression of StAR. DG and DT had no effect on the P450scc and StAR protein expression at basal state, but diminished ACTH‐induced StAR protein expression to basal level. These results indicated that DG and DT have an inhibitory effect on corticosterone production via a Na+, K+‐ATPase‐independent mechanism by diminishing actions on cAMP‐, Ca2+‐pathway, competitive inhibition of P450scc enzyme and reduction of StAR mRNA expression. J. Cell. Biochem. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Decline in titin content in rat skeletal muscle after denervation
Authors: Chen Sy‐Ping , Sheu Joen‐Rong , Lin Aming Chor‐Ming , Hsiao George , Fong Tsorng‐Harn 
Published: September 2005

AbstractTitin, an elastic and giant myofibrillar protein, is responsible for generating passive tension and maintaining sarcomere structure in striated muscles. Several studies have reported attenuation of passive tension and disorganization of sarcomere in atrophic muscles, but the changes of titin have not been investigated after denervation. For this purpose, we used sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE) and immunofluorescent staining to examine titin in innervated and denervated tibialis anterior (TA) muscles of the rat. With increasing denervation time, we found a greater loss of titin than myosin heavy chain (MHC) and actin contents in atrophic TA muscle. The ratios of titin/MHC and titin/actin gradually decreased following denervation. In contrast, ratios of MHC/actin in the denervated groups showed no significant differences with the controls even at 56 days postdenervation. The ultrastructure of myofibrils also showed disturbed arrangements of myofilaments and a disorganized contractile apparatus in denervated muscle. Immunofluorescent staining displayed translocation of the titin epitope from the Z‐line to the I‐band, suggesting that the apparent cleavage of titin occurred near the Z‐line region during the atrophying process. Our study provides evidence that titin is more sensitive to degradation than MHC and actin after denervation. Moreover, the titin decline results in the loss of titin‐based sarcomeric integrity in atrophic muscle. Muscle Nerve, 2005
Surface‐modified hydroxyapatite linked by L‐lactic acid oligomer in the absence of catalyst
Authors: Qiu Xueyu , Chen Li , Hu Junli , Sun Jingru , Hong Zhongkui , Liu Aixue , Chen Xuesi , Jing Xiabin 
Published: September 2005

AbstractA new surface modification method of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (n‐HA) by surface grafting reaction of L‐lactic acid oligomer with carboxyl terminal (LAc oligomer) in the absence of any catalyst was developed. The LAc oligomer with a certain molecular weight was directly synthesized by condensation of L‐lactic acid. Surface‐modified HA nanoparticles (p‐HA) were attested by Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy, 31P MAS‐NMR, and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). The results showed that LAc oligomer could be grafted onto the n‐HA surface by forming a Ca carboxylate bond. The grafting amount of LAc oligomer was about 13.3 wt %. The p‐HA/PLLA composites showed good mechanical properties and uniform microstructure. The tensile strength and modulus of the p‐HA/PLLA composite containing 15 wt % of p‐HA were 68.7 MPa and 2.1 GPa, respectively, while those of the n‐HA/PLLA composites were 43 MPa and 1.6 GPa, respectively. The p‐HA/PLLA composites had better thermal stability than n‐HA/PLLA composites and neat PLLA had, as determined by isothermal TGA. The hydrolytic degradation behavior of the composites in phosphate buffered saline (PBS, pH 7.4) was investigated. The p‐HA/PLLA composites lost their mechanical properties more slowly than did n‐HA/PLLA composites in PBS because of their reinforced adhesion between the HA filler and PLLA matrix. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 5177–5185, 2005
Controlled radical polymerization of styrene and methyl acrylate in the presence of reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer agents, phenylethyl phenyl dithioacetate and phenyldithioacetic acid
Authors: Goh Yong‐Keng , Whittaker Michael R. , Monteiro Michael J. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe use of phenyldithioacetic acid (PDA) in homopolymerizations of styrene or methyl acrylate produced only a small fraction of chains with dithioester end groups. The polymerizations using 1‐phenylentyl phenyldithioacetate (PEPDTA) and PDA in the same reaction showed that PDA had little or no influence on the rate or molecular weight distribution even when a 1:1 ratio is used. The mechanistic pathway for the polymerizations in the presence of PDA seemed to be different for each monomer. Styrene favors addition of styrene to PDA via a Markovnikov type addition to form a reactive RAFT agent. The polymer was shown by double detection SEC to contain dithioester end groups over the whole distribution. This polymer was then used in a chain extension experiment and the Mn was close to theory. A unique feature of this work was that PDA could be used to form a RAFT agent in situ by heating a mixture of styrene and PDA for 24 h at 70 °C and then polymerizing in the presence of AIBN to give a linear increase in Mn and low values of PDI (<1.14). In the case of the polymerization of MA with PDA, the mechanism was proposed to be via degradative chain transfer. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 5232–5245, 2005
Electrical functionalities of poly(n‐hexyl isocyanate) in solid phase
Authors: Sugita A. , Yamashita Y. , Tasaka S. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractWe report electrical functionalities of a rigid rod‐like helical polymer, poly(n‐hexyl isocyanate) (PHIC), in the solid state. Our experimental results of a displacement (D)–field (E) hysteresis and a measurement of pyroelectric signal proved that the PHIC system was electrically active. From the D–E hysteresis loop, coercive field and remanent polarization were determined to be 6.8 MV/m and 3.0 mC/m2, respectively, at 80 °C. The pyroelectric coefficient was 9.5 mC/m2 K for the sample for which the poling treatment was conducted at 80 °C with the field 20 MV/m. The dipole ordering of the CO dipoles attached to the main chain was responsible for these electrical activities. Relatively small amounts of the remanent polarization and the pyroelectric coefficient possibly resulted from the short‐range dipole ordering in the noncrystalline phase. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 43: 3093–3099, 2005
Depressive symptoms, eating psychopathology, and physical activity in obese breast cancer survivors
Authors: Yeter Karen , Rock Cheryl L. , Pakiz Bilge , Bardwell Wayne A. , Nichols Jeanne F. , Wilfley Denise E. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractPsychosocial problems such as depression are present as long‐term sequelae of breast cancer and its treatment in a substantial minority of patients. In general and patient populations, lifestyle factors such as obesity and physical activity have been associated with depression, and these and related characteristics may be associated with depression in breast cancer survivors. The purpose of this cross‐sectional study was to examine factors associated with depression in overweight or obese women (n=85) who had been diagnosed and treated for early stage breast cancer. Depressive symptoms were measured with the Beck depression inventory (BDI), eating psychopathology was assessed with the eating disorder examination—questionnaire (EDE‐Q), and physical activity was estimated with the seven‐day physical activity recall. BDI was directly correlated with global EDE‐Q score (r=0.56,P<0.01) and inversely associated with age (r=−0.22,P<0.05) in bivariate analysis. Controlling for body mass index, age, education and other factors, BDI was directly associated with global EDE‐Q score (P<0.001) and inversely associated with level of physical activity (P<0.05) in a model that explained 61% of the variance. Eating attitudes and behaviors, and physical activity level, are independently associated with depressive symptoms in overweight or obese breast cancer survivors. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dual‐affinity avidin molecules
Authors: Hytönen Vesa P. , Nordlund Henri R. , Hörhä Jarno , Nyholm Thomas K. M. , Hyre David E. , Kulomaa Tuomas , Porkka Eevaleena J. , Marttila Ari T. , Stayton Patrick S. , Laitinen Olli H. , Kulomaa Markku S. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractA recently reported dual‐chain avidin was modified further to contain two distinct, independent types of ligand‐binding sites within a single polypeptide chain. Chicken avidin is normally a tetrameric glycoprotein that binds water‐soluble d‐biotin with extreme affinity (Kd ≈ 10−15 M). Avidin is utilized in various applications and techniques in the life sciences and in the nanosciences. In a recent study, we described a novel avidin monomer‐fusion chimera that joins two circularly permuted monomers into a single polypeptide chain. Two of these dual‐chain avidins were observed to associate spontaneously to form a dimer equivalent to the wt tetramer. In the present study, we successfully used this scaffold to generate avidins in which the neighboring biotin‐binding sites of dual‐chain avidin exhibit two different affinities for biotin. In these novel avidins, one of the two binding sites in each polypeptide chain, the pseudodimer, is genetically modified to have lower binding affinity for biotin, whereas the remaining binding site still exhibits the high‐affinity characteristic of the wt protein. The pseudotetramer (i.e., a dimer of dual‐chain avidins) has two high and two lower affinity biotin‐binding sites. The usefulness of these novel proteins was demonstrated by immobilizing dual‐affinity avidin with its high‐affinity sites. The sites with lower affinity were then used for affinity purification of a biotinylated enzyme. These “dual‐affinity” avidin molecules open up wholly new possibilities in avidin–biotin technology, where they may have uses as novel bioseparation tools, carrier proteins, or nanoscale adapters. Proteins 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.