bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of lung ultrasound scoring systems for the prognosis of COVID‐19 in the emergency department: An international prospective cohort study
Authors: Snelling Peter J , Jones Philip , Connolly Rory , Jelic Tomislav , Mirsch Dan , Myslik Frank , Phillips Luke , Blecher Gabriel ,   the COVID LUS Study Group
Published: October 2023

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this study was to evaluate whether the lung ultrasound (LUS) scores applied to an international cohort of patients presenting to the emergency department (ED) with suspected COVID‐19, and subsequently admitted with proven disease, could prognosticate clinical outcomes.MethodsThis was an international, multicentre, prospective, observational cohort study of patients who received LUS and were followed for the composite primary outcome of intubation, intensive care unit (ICU) admission or death. LUS scores were later applied including two 12‐zone protocols (‘de Alencar score’ and ‘CLUE score’), a 12‐zone protocol with lung and pleural findings (‘Ji score’) and an 11‐zone protocol (‘Tung‐Chen score’). The primary analysis comprised logistic regression modelling of the composite primary outcome, with the LUS scores analysed individually as predictor variables.ResultsBetween April 2020 to April 2022, 129 patients with COVID‐19 had LUS performed according to the protocol and 24 (18.6%) met the composite primary endpoint. No association was seen between the LUS score and the composite primary end point for the de Alencar score [odds ratio (OR) = 1.04; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.97–1.11; P = 0.29], the CLUE score (OR = 1.03; 95% CI: 0.96–1.10; P = 0.40), the Ji score (OR = 1.02; 95% CI: 0.97–1.07; P = 0.40) or the Tung‐Chen score (OR = 1.02; 95% CI: 0.97–1.08).DiscussionCompared to these earlier studies performed at the start of the pandemic, the negative outcome of our study could reflect the changing scenario of the COVID‐19 pandemic, including patient, disease, and system factors. The analysis suggests that the study may have been underpowered to detect a weaker association between a LUS score and the primary outcome.ConclusionIn an international cohort of adult patients presenting to the ED with suspected COVID‐19 disease who had LUS performed and were subsequently admitted to hospital, LUS severity scores did not prognosticate the need for invasive ventilation, ICU admission or death.
Impact of intra‐boll yield components on lint production per boll and fiber quality in advanced cotton breeding lines
Authors: Virk Gurpreet , Snider John L. , Chee Peng , Virk Simerjeet , Jones Donald 
Published: October 2023

AbstractCotton (Gossypium hirsutumL.) lint yield and fiber quality are associated with various yield components. Research efforts addressing intra‐boll yield component contributors to lint production boll−1are limited. Thus, a study was conducted in Tifton, Georgia with the objectives to quantify the contributions of intra‐boll yield components to lint production boll−1and to identify yield components most strongly associated with lint production boll−1in advanced breeding lines of upland cotton. Data collected included intra‐boll yield components and fiber quality parameters. A strong association was observed between lint production boll−1and seedcotton weight boll−1(r = 0.896) compared to lint production boll−1and lint percent (LP,r = 0.574). For breeding lines with maximum lint weight boll−1, the contribution of seedcotton weight and LP ranged from 0.17 to 0.36 g boll−1and 0.22 to 0.24 g boll−1, respectively, suggesting a relatively greater influence of seedcotton weight boll−1on lint weight boll−1. Lint production boll−1can be expressed as the product of seeds per boll, seed surface area, fiber density (FD), and individual fiber weight (IFW). IFW was the greatest contributor to lint production boll−1for seven breeding lines and FD for nine breeding lines. A strong positive association was observed between lint production boll−1and IFW (r = 0.656,p < 0.001); however, no significant association between lint weight boll−1and FD suggesting a relatively greater influence of IFW on lint weight boll−1. Our work provides future direction aimed at improving lint yields through the selection of various yield components.
Public opinion on COVID‐19 pandemic in Bangladesh: Disruption to public lives and trust in government's immunisation performance
Authors: Biswas Raaj Kishore , Afiaz Awan , Huq Samin , Farzana Maysha , Kabir Enamul 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjectivesThe COVID‐19 pandemic has stretched Bangladesh government's capability for disaster engagement. As normalcy is interrupted, people's confidence in the government in ending the crisis needs evaluation, especially considering the past vaccination successes in Bangladesh and growing worldwide vaccine hesitancy amidst the COVID‐19 misinfodemic. This study assessed the level of public life disruption due to the pandemic at the micro‐level and how much impact it had on people's trust in the government's capacity for successful national immunisation.MethodsGiven the infectious nature of the pandemic, the study conducted an online survey of 2291 respondents, distributed proportionally across sex and income groups. We conducted bivariate analyses and fitted generalised linear models to assess disruption to respondents' lives, and their trust in the government's immunisation ability, which were measured using multiple parameters.ResultsNearly 50% of the respondents reported multifaceted disputations in their daily lives, with 90% suffering financially. Trust in the government was very low at the time of the survey as only 11.3% of respondents had faith that the government could successfully conduct a mass vaccination campaign. Rural residents and non‐earning members of families found their lives to be less disrupted. Comparatively higher income families and highly educated individuals had lesser confidence in the government's inoculation capabilities.ConclusionsFor the vaccine campaign to be successful, effective risk communication and timely display of data‐driven decision‐making efforts targeting the groups who are more sceptical of immunisation campaigns could be of significance to the Bangladesh government.
The Influence of Mixing Frequency and Depth on Phytoplankton Mobility
Authors: Flöder Sabine 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe influence of mixing frequency and depth on phytoplankton functional group composition (mobile versus immobile species) was studied by enclosure experiments in a shallow, stratified lake. Mixing events were artificially induced at intervals from 2–12 d. The mixing depth was increased from the natural level (4 m) to 6 and 9 m. The mobile phytoplankton in the experiments consisted of cyanobacteria and flagellates. Among the latter, large and rapid swimming species were represented by dinoflagellates. An increase of the relative abundance of gas vacuolated cyanobacteria occurred with increasing frequency of mixing. Additionally Reynolds' hypothesis predicting the occurrence of certain mobile phytoplankton genera in response to the mixing regime could be confirmed for the condition when mixing depth exceeds the euphoric depth.
Ecology of the Major Periphytic Diatom Communities from the Mesta River, Bulgaria
Authors: Passy Sophia I. , Pan Yangdong , Lowe Rex L. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractEpilithon, epiphyton, epipelon, epipsammon and plocon diatom samples and water chemistry samples were collected bimonthly from 11 stations along the Mesta River, Bulgaria between December 1989 and April 1991. Principal component analysis (PCA), correlation, and dominance analysis were employed for describing the seasonal dynamics of diatom assemblages and estimating the correlation between diatom distribution and the physico‐chemical parameters. All periphytic communities were compared by PCA, MANOVA and Fisher's LSD multiple comparison test. Ionic strength and eutrophication were the major abiotic factors affecting diatom distribution in the epilithon, epiphyton, epipelon and epipsammon. Current velocity had an important influence on the diatom assemblages from the epilithon and epiphyton. Epilithon showed the lowest correlation with most of the environmental factors and had significantly lower species diversity than epiphyton, epipelon and epipsammon. Multivariate analysis of the diatom data suggested that in all benthic habitats of the Mesta River seasonal replacement of diatom assemblages was controlled by the water chemistry rather than substratum, current velocity or discharge. The oligotrophic, mesotrophic and eutrophic diatom communities in the Mesta River comprised early‐, mid‐ and late‐successional colonizers respectively. Multiple comparisons of all periphytic communities showed that habitat specificity was positively correlated with current velocity.
The Effect of Light Extinction on Thermal Stratification in Reservoirs and Lakes
Authors: Hocking G. C. , Straškraba M. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAn examination is made of the effect of light attenuation in the water column on the hydrodynamics, and in particular on temperature stratification in reservoirs. Numerical experiments are described which examine the differences in light profile in the water column when the spectral character of the incident radiation and light penetration is and is not taken into account. It was found that the exponential character of light penetration remains but the exponent may be increased by up to 20% in clear waterbodies and less in waterbodies with higher extinction values when I0(λ) and Kd(λ) are incorporated. The error may be higher when the spectral character of the extinction is due to colored organics rather than phytoplankton. The numerical, one dimensional hydrodynamic model DYRESM is used to isolate and examine the influence of changing the light attenuation in the water column in a reservoir, and on its hydrodynamics, when keeping other conditions unchanged. Not surprisingly, the simulations show that when the extinction rate increases, mixing depth decreases markedly, and although the same energy enters the water column, surface temperatures increase slightly while deep temperatures decrease. Some other surprising effects were found and are described. The results presented and comparison of the model results with real‐world data indicate that the pronounced dependence of mixing depth on light extinction is a general phenomenon which cannot be ignored.
Diel Pattern of Photosynthate Partitioning in Phytoplankton Population in an Oligomesotrophic Lake
Authors: Maurin Nadine , Amblard Christian , Bourdier Gilles 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe aim of this study was to measure the short‐term changes in inorganic carbon allocation into various macromolecular compounds (proteins, polysaccharides and lipids) throughout a diurnal cycle in the oligomesotrophic Lake Pavin (Massif Central of France) at the depths of 5, 15 and 30 m. Biochemical fractionation was done by consecutive differential extractions in order to separate proteins, polysaccharides, lipids and low molecular weight compounds (LMW) by virtue of their relative solubilities in different extraction solvents. Over the entire diurnal cycle inorganic carbon was preferentially incorporated into proteins (M = 30%), then into polysaccharides (M = 28%), LMWs (M = 27%) and lipids (M = 15%). However, at 5 m, diurnal variations were reflected by the high percentage of the inorganic carbon incorporated into polysaccharides during periods of high light intensity and decreased at dawn and dusk. The reverse pattern was observed for the allocation of inorganic carbon to proteins.
Distribution Patterns, Species Assemblages and Habitat Selection of the Stoneflies (Plecoptera) from Two Mediterranean River Basins in Southern Spain
Authors: Prenda José , Gallardo‐Mayenco Alfonso 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe stonefly distribution and its relationship with habitat changes, based on stream physico chemical features, were investigated in two Mediterranean river basins (Guadaira and Guadalete, S Spain). Plecopteran nymph distribution varied along an elevation gradient. Both stonefly species richness and species diversity increased with altitude. Stoneflies were able to tolerate a wide range of environmental conditions but were absent from low altitude sites, temporary streams with high salinity values and high water temperature. A total of 13 stonefly species were found in the study area, from which Tyrrhenoleuctra minuta (Klapálek) and Protonemura sp. were dominant. The most widespread species were Nemoura lacustris and Capnioneura mitis. Three distinct species assemblages were observed according to their distribution patterns, but with similar environmental preferences. Capnioneura petitpierreae and T. minuta showed preferences to low altitude sites, whereas C. mitis and N. lacustris were found throughout all sites. T. minuta and N. lacustris inhabited permanent and temporary sites, while the same species and C. mitis also were found in semipermanent streams. Temporally, most stoneflies were caught during winter (85.9%), especially at the low altitude sites.
Effects of Food Availability and Predation on a Marine Zooplankton Community — a Study on Copepods in the Baltic Sea
Authors: Adrian Rita , Hansson Sture , Sandin Barbro , Stasio De Bart , Larsson Ulf 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe importance of food resources versus predatory effects in determining the abundance pattern of zooplankton varies over time and space. Here, we evaluate the population dynamics of dominant calanoid copepods (Acartia spp. bifilosa/A. longiremis and Eurytemora affinis) in a reference area and a eutrophied area in the northern Baltic Sea Proper. We base the paper on a combination of statistical analyses of a long term (12 years) data set on population biomass dynamics, laboratory experiments on the feeding biology of these species and literature data of their susceptibility to predation. Overall, copepods were equally abundant at both sites, but Eurytemora was more abundant in the eutrophied area while Acartia spp. dominated in the non‐eutrophied reference area. There was, however, no significant difference between the two areas in biomass dynamics (biomass specific rate of change) of the two groups of copepods. However, in spring and early summer the population biomass increased faster for Eurytemora as compared to Acartia spp. This is consistent with our findings from feeding and respiration experiments. Eurytemora exhibited generally higher ingestion rates and had a higher growth efficiency (ratio of ingestion to respiration rates), which suggests an advantage over Acartia spp. when food availability increases. Both species generally showed a rapid population decline starting in late summer, most likely caused by intensive predation by fish and mysid shrimps. In late autumn and winter, biomasses of both genera continued to decrease, but the decline was fastest for Eurytemora. During this period of the year, when the food availability is sparse, Acartia spp. may have an advantage over Eurytemora, as we found that the former ingests a broader size range of food particles and it has also been reported to be able to switch from filter feeding to raptorial feeding. This study shows that dominant copepods in the net‐zooplankton community in our study area were structured both by food availability and predation. The relative importance of these effects varied seasonally.
The Case for Decision‐Forcing Cases: Preparing Teachers for EFL Settings
Authors: Jackson Jane 
Published: October 2023

As Mary climbed the three flights of stairs to the 4B (Grade 10) classroom, she wondered how well her conversation class would go. She was usually pretty upbeat, but today she had an uneasy feeling in the pit of her stomach. When she finally reached the classroom, the math teacher was still not finished. It would be another short session—probably just 25 or 30 minutes. Seeing the students only once every 6 days didn't help either. The year was almost over and she still didn't know most of their names. No wonder! She was seeing over 700 students each week!Mary Martin, a NET (native‐English‐speaking teacher) from Australia with almost 20 years of teaching experience, had only been at the Chan Chu Secondary School for 8 months and was still feeling her way around. This was her first EFL experience, and Hong Kong was a bit of a shock. She was really enjoying it, but there were so many things to adjust to.A few weeks ago, she decided to try using cooperative learning techniques in her classroom to provide more opportunity for her students to practice their English in small groups. They were much more at home with “chalk and talk,” but Mary was determined to experiment, even though they were generally resistant to anything new.Crammed into a small, stuffy room were 43 science students, 37 boys and 6 girls. Most were at the Band 4–5 level (low achievers on exams) and were not motivated to learn English. Many seemed completely apathetic and dispirited. Some even acted scared of her, although that was changing. In the corridor, several students were now saying hello to her instead of shifting their eyes and rushing away. She was pleased about that.After the math teacher exited the class, Mary took a deep breath and entered. The students pushed back their chairs, stood up, and recited, “Gooooood afternooooon, Miiiiiisssss Maaaaartin.” Mary smiled and greeted the class before asking them to take their seats. She wasn't sure if she'd ever get used to the formality.Mary clapped her hands and called out: “Today, we are doing group work, which means we are ‘fighting against the clock.‘ What do I mean by ‘fighting against the clock?’ I mean that we are going to have to quickly move our tables and chairs today. We are going to have to sit in groups of four, okay?”(excerpted from Jackson, 2000)
Attitudes toward individuals with opioid use disorders and criminal justice involvement: An experimental vignette study
Authors: DePue M. Kristina , Tauscher Justin S. , Liu Ren , Woodliff Tricia 
Published: October 2023

AbstractProviding moderate levels of treatment to individuals with a criminal justice history is associated with lowered rates of recidivism; yet, treatment access remains low. One possible factor contributing to the lack of treatment options is public stigma. An experimental study was conducted that tested for differences in stigmatizing attitudes across conditions: (a) major depressive disorder (MDD), (b) MDD and opioid use disorder (OUD), and (c) MDD, OUD, and nonviolent, drug‐related criminal histories. Findings indicate that individuals who meet the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, criteria for OUD with MDD, regardless of criminal histories, are stigmatized at higher levels than those with MDD alone.
Market frictions and momentum premium: does stock mispricing matter? Evidence from China
Authors: Tarek Amira , Ali Heba , Mohamed Ehab K. A. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis study examines if both market frictions and stock mispricing provide better explanation of the momentum premium, compared to the conventional asset pricing models. Using a large sample of 3727 companies listed on the Chinese stock market, we show that winner stocks are associated with larger market frictions and stock mispricing. Our findings reveal new empirical evidence that momentum premium can be attributed to market friction risk‐factor but additionally explained by a mispricing component.
NIR‐II Luminescence in Cr4+ Activated CaYGaO4 toward Non‐Invasive Temperature Sensing and Composition Detection
Authors: Wang Yuzhen , Liu Gaochao , Xia Zhiguo 
Published: October 2023

AbstractNear‐infrared (NIR) II region (1000–1700 nm) lighting sources possess special potential for temperature sensing and quantitative composition analysis. However, it is a challenge to tune the luminescence toward such long wavelength NIR‐II emission. Herein, Cr4+ ions occupation is designed and verified in olivine‐type CaYGaO4 as [CrO4] tetrahedron by site occupancy confinement. Under 620 nm red light excitation, the phosphors display broadband NIR‐II emission centered at 1330 nm with a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 233 nm, resulting from spin‐allowed 3T2 to 3A2 transition of Cr4+ ions in Td symmetry. The optical thermometry application is demonstrated by decoding the spectral shift and decay times varying with temperature, and the maximum relative sensitivities are 5.82% and 0.78% K−1, respectively. Furthermore, a flexible film containing CaYGaO4:Cr4+ is fabricated to implement the non‐invasive detections of fillet temperature and NH3 concentration in ammonia. This work represents a step toward developing next‐generation NIR‐II luminescence materials and widens non‐invasive detection applications.
XAI Requirements in Smart Production Processes: A Case Study
Authors: Baum Deborah , Baum Kevin , Gros Timo P. , Wolf Verena 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe increasing prevalence of artificial intelligence (AI) systems has led to a growing consensus on the importance of the explainability of such systems. This is often emphasized with respect to societal and developmental contexts, but it is also crucial within the context of business processes, including manufacturing and production. While this is widely recognized, there is a notable lack of practical examples that demonstrate how to take explainability into account in the latter contexts. This paper presents a real-world use case in which we employed AI to optimize an Industry 4.0 production process without considering explainable AI (XAI) requirements. Building on previous work on models of the relationship between XAI methods and various associated expectations, as well as non-functional explainability requirements, we show how business-oriented XAI requirements can be formulated and prepared for integration into process design. This case study is a valuable resource for researchers and practitioners seeking better to understand the role of explainable AI in practice.
Modification of astrocytic Cx43 hemichannel activity in animal models of AD: modulation by adenosine A2A receptors
Authors: Madeira Daniela , Domingues Joana , Lopes Cátia R. , Canas Paula M. , Cunha Rodrigo A. , Agostinho Paula 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIncreasing evidence implicates astrocytic dysfunction in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), a neurodegenerative disorder characterised by progressive cognitive loss. The accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques is a histopathological hallmark of AD and associated with increased astrocyte reactivity. In APP/PS1 mice modelling established AD (9 months), we now show an altered astrocytic morphology and enhanced activity of astrocytic hemichannels, mainly composed by connexin 43 (Cx43). Hemichannel activity in hippocampal astrocytes is also increased in two models of early AD: (1) mice with intracerebroventricular (icv) administration of Aβ1-42, and (2) hippocampal slices superfused with Aβ1-42 peptides. In hippocampal gliosomes of APP/PS1 mice, Cx43 levels were increased, whereas mice administered icv with Aβ1-42 only displayed increased Cx43 phosphorylation levels. This suggests that hemichannel activity might be differentially modulated throughout AD progression. Additionally, we tested if adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) blockade reversed alterations of astrocytic hemichannel activity and found that the pharmacological blockade or genetic silencing (global and astrocytic) of A2AR prevented Aβ-induced hemichannel dysregulation in hippocampal slices, although A2AR genetic silencing increased the activity of astroglial hemichannels in control conditions. In primary cultures of astrocytes, A2AR-related protective effect was shown to occur through a protein kinase C (PKC) pathway. Our results indicate that the dysfunction of hemichannel activity in hippocampal astrocytes is an early event in AD, which is modulated by A2AR.