bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Circumferential Yield Strength of Line Pipe Steel Through Ring Expansion Test
Authors: Pandhare Atul , Sharma Arvind , Patidar Narendra , Saini Makkhan Lal 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
It is very important aspect to understand & determine the circumferential yield strength of pipe products which actually required in service condition. A limited number of paper has been published in public domain to understand & determine the circumferential yield strength through ring expansion test.
Determination of circumferential yield strength have its own importance in respect to actual service condition of pipe lines. It helps to know the sustainability of pipe lines with different pressure gradient at inner and outer radius of the pipe lines. When it comes to the actual service condition of pipe lines, the accuracy, precise & minimum standard deviation values of yield strength have the great impact for pipe line integrity.
Ring expansion test is carried out on ERW pipe samples of API 5L grade L360M (X52M), pipe diameter 355.6mm & 12.7mm and 8.6mm wall thickness.
It was observed that ring expansion test gives a highly accurate results of hoop stress than a flattened pipe sample. Ring expansion test explained the sensitivity to the metallurgical condition of steel.
In resemblance to flattened tensile test sample, ring expansion test provide 1) higher yield strength; and 2) narrow standard deviation. The major role played in higher yield strength of ring expansion test due to minimize the Bauschinger effect. Bauschinger effect significantly reduce the yield strength of flattened sample. The narrow standard deviation is the results of nullification of flatness and machining alteration that done on a flattened samples.
After several ring expansion sample test and correlation with flattened test, it is observed the ring expansion testing gives the accurate and precise values of pipe circumferential yield strength.
Influence of Impervious Cracks on the Frequency Response of a Subsea Pipelines Conveying Crude Oil
Authors: Arunesh Abhinav , Sahoo Prathamesh , Samikshya Seersha , Murugan S. Bala , Behera R. K. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Undesirable vibrations triggered by ocean currents generated in undersea crude oil pipeline systems shorten their lifespan and potentially cause them to fail. A crack is a type of damage that can occur during the pipeline transportation in the petroleum industry. Extreme weather conditions could also cause significant equipment damage. Using the energy equations, this study examines the natural frequency, link between pressure change, velocity change, and temperature change of crude oil flowing through the pipeline. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) using ANSYS® fluent is used to create a typical presence of cracks in the pipeline, which is then used to train the equations to generate a model of fluid behavior. This study shows that using frequency as a sign the system under ideal circumstances successfully identifies a fault situation as non-conforming and suggestive of a statistically significant shift in the pipeline flow. The findings revealed a clear correlation between the size of the crack and the loss of pressure; the larger the crack, the greater the pressure loss. As the crack depth increases, the frequency varies according to the pipe’s support, flow velocity, and internal temperature of the fluid. This research indicates that the use of frequency sign for pipeline operation could provide significant improvements to the business in terms of cost, safety, and environmental protection.
Optimized Metallurgy for API Pipe Body and Weld Ductility Properties for Critical Applications of Natural Gas, High Pressure Gaseous Hydrogen and CO2 Transmission
Authors: Stalheim Douglas , Litschewski Aaron , Souto Joao , Ebel Gregory , Jarreta David 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Future energy needs along with efforts to combat climate change worldwide will result in the need for a sufficient network of transmission pipeline systems. This network of transmission pipelines must be designed to be able to move various forms of energy consisting of natural gas, high pressure gaseous hydrogen, blended high pressure hydrogen/natural gas along with carbon capture of CO2 both safely and economically. Safely means optimum through thickness crack arrest characteristics which comes from the ductility of the through thickness microstructure. Economically means higher operating pressures, potentially up to 10–13.8 MPa (1500–2000 psi) in larger diameters and thicker pipe walls. Recent laboratory and industrial projects have been done to better understand how to design an optimum alloy and process for an improved through thickness microstructure, grain size and homogeneity. This has resulted in gains in fracture toughness, low temperature ductility performance in average values or stability/standard deviation or both. In addition, testing in high pressure gaseous hydrogen up to 21 MPa (3000 psi) has shown an improvement and stability of fracture toughness between 5.5 MPa (800 psi) and 21 MPa (3000 psi) along with an observed improved fatigue crack growth rate, especially in the typical operating pipeline stress intensity factor (ΔK, MPa-m0.5) range of 8–12 MPa-m0.5. This paper will introduce the recent laboratory and industrial projects results along with examples of recommendations for optimum alloy/processing design for improved overall ductility performance for these critical future pipeline applications.
Failure Analysis of API X80 Steel Pipe
Authors: Kumar Karan , Manjunatha Roopa 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Pipeline structural systems face challenges due to varying loading conditions, which can lead to sudden failures caused by fractures. Enhancing fracture toughness is crucial for improving structural performance. Metallic coatings offer a promising solution to increase pipeline reliability. Preventive maintenance methods are essential for ensuring structural integrity and safety, considering factors like size, weight, and material properties. This study followed ASTM standards to model and simulated a sample using API X80 steel. A 50μm thick ternary coating of Nickel Phosphorous - Graphene (NiP-G) was applied, and simulations were conducted for tensile, single-edge crack, and Charpy V-notch tests. Finite Element Analysis compared the coated and uncoated models, evaluating tensile strength, toughness, and stress intensity factor. Results indicated a 12.28% higher impact absorbed energy in the Charpy V-notch test and a 0.7% higher load-bearing capacity in the tensile test for the coated specimen compared to the uncoated specimen.
Successful Accomplishment of In Line Inspection With Challenges of Varying Hydraulic, Low Flow Constraint (.23 M/Sec), Hilly Terrain
Authors: Bose Partha 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
One 30″ Diameter and around 68 km length Natural Gas pipeline caters for energy supply for Pune city; supplying Gas Sectors for Auto Sectors (CNG) and few industrial Sectors. Though line is equipped with Launcher & Receiver; but onward became challenging one for pigging for many constraints:
- Low Flow Constraint
- Varying Hydraulic through out the Day
- Presence of interim Hilly Terrain (600 meter High)
The pipe line is passing through with intermittent stretches between city areas with High Consequence areas in surrounding of the pipeline along with intermittent stretches on the hilly terrain as well.
With above mentioned several aspects of the pipeline, In-Line-Inspection (ILI) is obvious first preference for online precise integrity assessment for any pipeline (i.e. without any interruption in gas transmission through the pipeline)
Site Specific Assessment, Detail Engineering & Committed approach resulted in Feasibility & Development of ILI Tool, & onward Integrity Assessment of the pipeline conducted by accomplishing Successful ILI run.
India’s Longest Horizontal Directional Drilling in Mixed Strata: Brahmaputra River Crossing
Authors: Bajaj Rajnish , Agrawal Abhishek , Kumar Hemant , Das Avijit , Chaturvedi Manoj Kumar , Sen Indranil 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This paper presents case study on one of the most challenging and India’s longest HDD crossing in mixed strata across River Brahmaputra by Horizontal Directional Drilling method by utilizing electromagnetic steering technology for pilot intersection. The present crossing falls in the state of Assam and is a part of 24″ NB × 712 km (approx.) Barauni-Guwahati cross country Natural Gas pipeline project, which is an integrated part of Pradhan Mantri Urja Ganga project and is an important link for joining North-East Gas Grid (NEGG) to rest of the National gas grid. MECON Limited was the EPCM consultant of this pipeline crossing.
At 24″ NB × 3600m approx., this crossing has the rare distinction of being one of India’s longest HDD in mixed strata across Brahmaputra River and a hillock. The magnanimous scale of this crossing combined with 4 transition zones made it one of the most challenging trenchless crossings in recent times. We had failures but we learnt from those failures, improvised & persevered to eventually emerge successful. This paper discusses the design aspects of this crossing. The paper also talks about numerous challenges faced by this project and how they were mitigated by meticulous planning and risk management. The paper also summarizes the failures and lessons learnt from those failures.
Integrity Validation of Non-Piggable Pipelines Through Turnkey ECDA, ICDA and SCCDA
Authors: Baniah Bidyut , Kunapareddy Divakar , Iyer Suresh S. , Kumar Rajeev , Naveen R. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The demand for pipeline integrity assessment is ever-increasing due to an ageing pipeline network, a need for maintaining safe pipelines along with a stringent industry regulation environment. Not all pipelines are piggable and the non-piggable pipelines are considered more challenging due to their limitations for assessment. Fortunately, the industry has provided with standards and codes related to Direct Assessment (DA) program, as an integrity validation tool, which is especially applicable for non-piggable pipelines.
DA is a process driven approach that involves understanding the history of each of the pipelines, conducting multiple aboveground surveys, performing software simulations related to liquid and solid hold up resulting in prediction of corrosion rates and eventually directly inspecting the pipelines to determine the extent of actual corrosion along with condition of the pipeline. These results are utilized for predicting the remaining life and providing a root cause analysis along with mitigation strategies for each pipeline.
Pipeline owner, Pipeline Infrastructure Limited (PIL) operates India’s single largest natural gas mainline of 48″ originating from Kakinada and terminating in Bharuch, covering a span of 1,375 km passing through five (5) states and known as the East West India pipeline. The mainline also comprises of various spurs and interconnections along its route which are considered non-piggable. Ten (10) of these non-piggable lines were proposed for code-compliant DA integrity assessment program as part of pipeline owner’s corporate mandate, keeping in mind the greater good of maintaining utmost safety at all times. The DA methodology was applied for evaluating External Corrosion (ECDA), Internal Corrosion (ICDA) and Stress Corrosion Cracking (SCCDA). These lines were commissioned in year 2009 to 2013 were located in the states of Andhra Pradesh (2 pipelines), Maharashtra (1 pipeline) and Gujarat (7 pipelines) and ranged in diameter from 10″ to 30″ with a length of 300 m to 28 kms.
This paper will discuss the findings and learnings of the turnkey DA program related to all the three (3) threats and results of the four (4) steps i.e., Pre-Assessment, Indirect Inspection, Direct Examination and Post Assessment. The pipeline owner was not only able to perform a code compliant integrity validation program for these non-piggable lines, but also customize a go forward action plan as applicable to each pipeline.
Correlational Study between Academic Performance, Co-Curricular Activi-ties and Extra-curricular Activities in a Select Educational Institution
Authors: Gutierrez Ernell Bautista 
Published: November 2023

Academic performance is usually viewed in terms of numerical figures as manifested in the individual activities of students in the classroom. As mentioned by Husaini, Y & Shukor, N (2022), students' Academic Performance is vital for assessing a student's standing within a university. It makes it possible for academic staff, educational administrators, and decision-makers to precisely evaluate students taking various courses throughout a semester. Additionally, it served as a cautionary tale for the students to assess their performance level and make subsequent improvements Supported by the results from the study of Husaini, Y & Shukor, N (2023), students' academic performance is vital for assessing a student's standing within a university. It makes it possible for academic staff, educational administrators, and decision-makers to precisely evaluate students taking various courses throughout a semester. The study investigated the relationship between student’s academic performance and their participation on Co-curricular and Extra-curricular Activities. It further investigated if Age, Sex and Academic Program would cause significant differences in their Academic Performance, Co-curricular Activities and Extra-curricular Activities. A total of 75 students from the Business Administration program participates in the study. The students were from the four (4) academic majors namely; Marketing Management, Financial Management, Operation Management and Human Resource Management. Results revealed that Co-curricular Activities and Extra-curricular Activities of the students are both significantly related to their academic performance with P-value < 0.05. Likewise, the Age, Sex and Academic Program of the students did not cause any differences on their assessments towards Academic Performance, Co-curricular Activities and Extra-curricular Activities with P-value of >0.05.
Strategic Assessment of AIMS Students’ Learning Opportunities and Challenges During the New Normal
Authors: Giner Rhogin V. 
Published: November 2023

This study examines the learning opportunities and challenges faced by students at the Asian Institute of Maritime Studies (AIMS) in response to the sudden shift to online learning during the Covid-19 pandemic. AIMS, like many educational institutions in the Philippines, adapted to the new normal setting by implementing online learning with all its facets. While this setup opened up new opportunities for students, it also presented various challenges.
The research involved 337 AIMS students from the 2021-2022 academic year, using a descriptive-comparative design to assess differences in opportunities gained and challenges experienced. The participants were selected through a combination of purposive and random sampling. Data was collected using a standardized instrument consisting of three parts: profiling respondents, determining opportunities gained using the "Synchronous Online Teaching Observation Checklist" from the City University of New York (2020), and assessing challenges through the self-report online learning challenge questionnaire by Barrot et al. (2021), modified for the study. Statistical tools such as frequency, percentage, weighted mean, T-test, and ANOVA were utilized for data analysis.
Results indicated that students perceived opportunities in Assessment and Feedback, Student Engagement, Learning Environment, Time Management, and Instructional Design. On the other hand, they expressed neutrality towards challenges related to Technological Sufficiency, Student Isolation, Technological Complexity, Self-Regulation, and Learning Environment. Further analysis revealed significant differences in learning opportunities based on gender and program. Recommendations include providing platform usage training, offering specialized learning activities based on courses and programs, and ensuring gender-sensitive learning opportunities.
Exploring Research Capacity and Capacity Building Needs Among Faculty Members and Personnel of AIMS: Inputs for Effective Research Training Plan for AIMS
Authors: Cabasal Maria Celia , Escalona Jessa B. 
Published: November 2023

This study focused on assessing the research capacity and capacity-building needs of faculty members and personnel at the Asian Institute of Maritime Studies (AIMS) to enhance the institution's research culture. The study revealed that AIMS has lagged in terms of research production. To overcome this challenge, the Center for Research and Institutional Development (CRID) at AIMS has developed research programs and training to cultivate a research-oriented environment.
Using a descriptive correlational design, the study involved 167 faculty members and personnel. Three domains were assessed: individual, team, and organization. A questionnaire comprising three parts was utilized for data collection. The first part aimed to gather respondents' profiles, while the second part contained statements pertaining to research capacity assessment in the three domains. The third part addressed research capacity-building needs and the available resources at AIMS. The results indicated that respondents possessed a basic understanding and capabilities in research, as reflected in their average weighted mean scores. They also identified research funding, facilities and infrastructures, research training, and support for presentation and publication as vital components for successful research endeavors.
Furthermore, the study established a strong relationship between research capacity assessment and the need for funding, facilities/infrastructure, training, and presentation/publication support. Higher research capacity assessment scores correlated with greater capacity-building needs across the three domains. Consequently, the study recommended that the CRID office should assess the research-level capabilities of faculty members and personnel and provide targeted research training to address their specific needs.
A Post-Pandemic Needs Assessment Survey of Three Adopted Barangays of AIMS: Basis in the Development of Institutional Outreach Plans and Programs
Authors: Brosas Jeffrey F. , Almazan Precious Ann G. , Pardo Rossielyn R. 
Published: November 2023

The community needs assessment of three adopted barangays of the Asian Institute of Maritime Studies served as a guide for the Center for Outreach Extension Development in enhancing strategic plans and programs, and in preparing necessary resources and funds.
In assessing the needs of residents of the three adopted barangays, a descriptive-survey method was applied since it aims to gather the present conditions and situations of the barangays’ residents. The Community Needs Assessment survey instrument involves questions relevant to the subjects of the research and distributed to the respondents. Respondents are representative of each family in the three adopted community beneficiaries. In Barangay 13, there were 21 families; in Barangay Julugan IV, there were 24 families and in Barangay La Isla Bonita, there were 14 families. Convenience sampling was used and families living in the nearby vicinity of the Barangay Hall were the participants. From the result of the survey, most of them were high school graduates and unemployed. Likewise, participants cannot identify their own skills so the majority of the families lack a source of income, and this is a common problem within the three barangays. The suggested trainings that the respondents were willing to attend are training for electronic/ computer/cellphone repair, cooking, dressmaking, and practical electricity. The additional training to the existing program could help families to have a source of income or to be employed. Thus, the members of the adopted community could have a better standard of living through skills trainings.
Perceived Credit Risk of Micro Finance Loans among Micro-enterprises Business in Población Iligan City
Authors: Juventud Windy M. , Matigas Elery Ann O. , Himongala Jenny , Galla Malou R. , Abiol Michael Jere’ D. 
Published: November 2023

This study aimed to assess the perceived credit risk associated with microfinance loans among micro-enterprise businesses. It had three primary objectives: first, to profile the respondents based on their demographics; second, to gauge their perceptions regarding the credit risk and of the microfinance loans. The research employed a descriptive-correlational research design and was conducted in Brgy. Poblacion, Iligan City, involving a random sample of seventy-five business owners who completed an adapted and modified survey questionnaire. The findings revealed that a majority of the business owners were elderly individuals aged 51 years and older, primarily running cafeteria businesses. Many of these business owners had availed of microfinance loans for their enterprises, and a significant portion had recently experienced this process. It is noteworthy that the majority of micro-borrowers have limited incomes and a lack of substantial credit history. Over time, the microfinance sector has adopted risk mitigation strategies like group lending models and accepting specific collateral types.
Moreover, microfinance institutions have expanded their lending to microenterprises, assessing their creditworthiness based on cash flows. In conclusion, this study suggests that factors such as age, business type, prior loan utilization, and loan experience do not significantly influence individuals' perceptions of credit risk associated with microfinance loans. Thus, other unexplored factors may play a more prominent role in shaping how individuals perceive the credit risk in microloans.
Webinars for Teachers: A Lived Experience for Developing Capability in These Challenging Times
Authors: Aplacador Rose Ann A. , Abada Rona B. , Delavin Elreen A. 
Published: November 2023

The sudden force shut down of all educational institutes across the country due to COVID19 pandemic is truly a great challenge on how to continue resiliency in education. As response, educational institutions conducted webinars to enhance the faculty capabilities in these challenging times. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to explore the lived experiences of teachers who attended webinars during the pandemic. An interview was conducted to ten participants from Aroroy National High School. Purposive sampling technique was employed. Researchers used self-made questionnaire with open ended questions and thematic analysis is applied in analyzing the data. Five major themes where identified: (1) Developed Capabilities; (2) Significance of webinars in current situation; (3) Best Practices; (4) Suggestions for Smooth Running; and (5) Plan for utilization and enhancement of learnt knowledge and skills. These themes shows that webinars positively affects the teachers during pandemic. Teachers developed their teaching skills, technical and managerial skills and emotional quotient through webinars. It was also concluded that educators experience the enormous impact of webinars in their lives when they effectively utilized and shared their learnt knowledge and skills in the webinars. However, it should be considered that in conducting an effective and smooth webinars there must be guidelines to follow. Challenging times will not be as challenging as they are when the goal of webinars to develop faculty capability is successfully planned and achieved.