bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Are the Laws Still Poor? Reflections on the Right to Work Limiting the Right to an Adequate Standard of Living
Authors: First Chen 
Published: November 2023

Despite the existence of a comprehensive human rights framework that includes the rights to work, social security, and an adequate standard of living, poverty persists. This article contends that these rights, rather than complementing each other, undermine one another and undermine discussions about human dignity. Louis Blanc's original conception of the right to work as a way to gain emancipation and shape the market has been reduced to a focus on individual working conditions. In the absence of concrete implementation plans, the right to an adequate standard of living is often conflated with the right to social security and assistance at the national level. Constitutions and court rulings impose the primary responsibility of working on individuals to achieve an adequate standard of living. Moreover, job market development has become the predominant strategy for addressing poverty. By emphasizing individual responsibility, the right to work is transformed into a duty to work, blurring the line between state intervention and individual responsibility. By focusing on work and working conditions, we stigmatize people in poverty and ignore its causes. Most importantly, human dignity unrelated to work and the right to an adequate standard of living are omitted from this human rights framework.
One Belt One Road Disputes: Does China Have Dispute Resolution Methods Fit for Purpose?
Authors: Zuo Jia 
Published: November 2023

The One Belt One Road Initiative (‘OBORI’ or ‘OBOR’) is a top-level project primarily aimed at increasing infrastructure output and investment. It has been implemented in more than 60 countries across the world and has had a far-reaching impact on transnational trade. In order to respond to the increasing need for legal services to assist in the implementation process, China endeavours to provide a fair and trustworthy legal environment by establishing innovative international commercial courts in certain cities and by reforming existing international arbitration rules. Meanwhile, there remain many challenges to construct a collaborative legal system which covers a large range of jurisdictions, legal customs, and business approaches. This essay contends that the Chinese approach to arbitration and adjudication, since the launch of the OBORI, has undergone a paradigm shift from a domestic approach towards a dynamic and internationalised one. This is a result of the enhancement of the recognition and enforcement of foreign arbitral awards, the introduction of ad hoc arbitration, and the establishment of the China International Commercial Court (‘CICC’). However, to achieve China’s ambitious plan of promoting its dispute resolution mechanism to an international level, it could further enhance the independence and efficiency of its dispute settlement institutions.
Treaties, Peremptory Norms and International Courts: Is the Hierarchy Theory Treading Water?
Authors: Lusted Madeleine 
Published: November 2023

In its recent report, the ILC addressed two main outstanding issues relating to jus cogens norms: the existence of regional jus cogens and the possibility of an illustrative list. The report concludes with draft conclusion 24, which proposes a non-exhaustive list of the “most widely recognised” peremptory norms, such as the prohibition of genocide and aggressive use of force. Peremptory norms are no doubt a “positive part of international law,” yet are still conceptualised by some as “a dramatic (or threatening) magic.” The ILC’s report is perhaps an attempt to concretise jus cogens as, in Kolb’s words, an “operational concept of law”, rather than a mere extension of natural law theory or lofty ideals. This post offers the thesis that, whilst such a mission is admirable, the operation of peremptory norms as envisaged by the ‘hierarchy theory’ remains impeded by the dominance of treaties as a source of international law. Furthermore, this seems unlikely to change in the immediate future because treaties are a primary vehicle for the enforcement of state sovereignty, which remains paramount in an international legal sphere dominated by positivist notions of state consent. The conflict is thus characterised by the dichotomy between realpolitik and international ideals.
Development of a 5-mRNAsi-related gene signature to predict the prognosis of colon adenocarcinoma
Authors: Huang Haifu , Lu Lin , Li Yaoxuan , Chen Xiumei , Li Meng , Yang Meiling , Huang Xuewu 
Published: November 2023

Aim
To create a prognosis model based on mRNA-based stem index (mRNAsi) for evaluating the prognostic outcomes of colon adenocarcinoma (COAD).

Background
Generation of heterogeneous COAD cells could be promoted by the self-renewal and differentiation potential of cancer stem cells (CSCs). Biomarkers contributing to the development of COAD stem cells remained to be discovered.

Objective
To develop and validate an mRNAsi-based risk model for estimating the prognostic outcomes of patients suffering from COAD.

Methods
Samples were collected from Rectal Adenocarcinoma (TCGA-READ) PanCancer Atlas datasets, The Cancer Genome Atlas Colon Adenocarcinoma (TCGA-COAD), and the GSE87211 dataset. MRNAsi was calculated by one-class logistic regression (OCLR) algorithm. Under the criterion of correlation greater than 0.4, genes related to mRNAsi were screened and clustered. Meanwhile, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between molecular subtypes were identified to establish a risk model. According to the median risk score value for immunotherapy and results from immune cell infiltration and clinicopathological analyses, clusters and patients were divided into high-RiskScore and low-RiskScore groups. Cell apoptosis and viability were detected by flow cytometer and Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, respectively.

Results
A negative correlation between mRNAsi and clinical stages was observed. Three clusters of patients (C1, C2, and C3) were defined based on a total of 165 survival-related mRNAsi genes. Specifically, C1 patients had greater immune cell infiltration and a poorer prognosis. A 5-mRNAsi-gene signature (HEYL, FSTL3, FABP4, ADAM8, and EBF4) served as a prediction index for COAD prognosis. High-RiskScore patients had a poorer prognosis and higher level of immune cell infiltration. In addition, the five genes in the signature all showed a high expression in COAD cells. Knocking down HEYL promoted COAD cell apoptosis and inhibited viability.

Conclusion
Our mRNAsi risk model could better predict the prognosis of COAD patients.
Profile and Constraints Faced by the Beneficiaries of Seed Village Programme on Soybean Crop
Authors: More Varsha , Dubey M. K. , Nagar Ashish Kumar , Kushwaha Neha , Paradkar Sarita 
Published: November 2023

The study was conducted in Betul district of Bhainsdehi blocks M.P. The seed village programme was launched in the Betul district since 2007-08 by the department of farmer welfare and agriculture development govt. of M.P. Thus, 120 respondents were selected to constitute the sample of the study. The study revealed that the majority of beneficiaries 56.67% belonged to middle age group, 30.83% educated upto middle school, 58.33% beneficiaries belongs to Scheduled caste, 55.83% had medium family size, 46.67% had low social participation, 60.83% beneficiaries were engaged in Agriculture + Labour as an occupation, 29.17% of the beneficiaries were having small size of land holding, 45.83% of the beneficiaries were having medium annual income, 77.5% per cent of beneficiaries were having 0.2 ha area under seed programme, 37.50% of beneficiaries had medium market orientation, 45.00% of beneficiaries had low production increment (up to 2 q./ha.) in production of quality seed, 41.67% of beneficiaries were using JS.95-60 Variety for Varietal replacement, percentages 43.34% of the beneficiaries were having high economic motivation, 46.67% of the beneficiaries had medium aspiration level, 41.66% of beneficiaries were having low mass media exposure, 52.50% of beneficiaries had medium participation in extension activities, 49.17% of beneficiaries were having medium Seed Replacement Rate. Major constraints faced by the farmers were inadequate supply of seed, Lack of regular guidance and training programme, Lack of extension services, lack of storage facilities, Lack of knowledge about seed production, Lack of storage facility, Lack of sufficient finance for Programme, Lack of information about loan and subsidy etc.
Regression Models for Key Economic Savanna tree Species: A Case Study of Parkia biglobosa (Jacq.) R. Br. ex G. Don f. in the Guinea Savanna Ecological Zone of Ghana
Authors: Abengmeneng Cosmas S. , Daayeng Thomas M. 
Published: November 2023

The rising demands for Parkia biglobosa due to its numerous benefits and the lack of active conservation measures have endangered the species in most of its natural ranges. Data on its dendrometry, which is a prerequisite for its sustainable management, are limited especially in Ghana. This study, therefore, investigated the relationships between five dendrometry variables and developed models for predicting them. The prediction models were developed using diameter at breast height and crown diameter as independent variables. Ten randomly distributed trees were sampled, and data collected and analyzed using Pearson correlation and simple linear regression. It was observed that stem diameter was positively correlated with all the other four variables measured. The correlation between stem diameter at breast height and crown diameter was 0.69. The co-efficient of determination between stem diameter at breast height and total height, crown diameter, crown ratio and crown height had R2 values of 0.16, 0.48, 0.19 and 0.28, respectively. Crown diameter, as the second indicator variable, was also positively related with total height with correlation co-efficient of 0.97 and R2 value of 0.09. The relationship between stem diameter at breast height and crown diameter was significant with f-value of 0.03 at 95% confidence level. The results will make significant contributions to the management of trees in the study area. The study will also be morale booster for similar studies to be conducted to assist improve the models developed.
A Comprehensive Review on Pathophysiology and Alternative Therapies for Parkinsons Disease
Authors: Gangaraju M. , Sravya P. , N. V. L. Suvarchala Reddy V  , Srinija K. V. , Keerthana K. 
Published: November 2023

A neurological disorder is one in which neurons in the cerebral or peripheral nerves gradually lose their ability to operate before dying. Unfortunately, there is presently no treatment for degenerative diseases, only an arrest down of the disease's progression. There are actually several symptomatic treatments available, however degenerative conditions are still incurable. There are certain advantages with western medical treatments, they are Deep brain stimulation, dopamine-producing treatments for Parkinson's disease (PD) and disorders of movement, cholinesterase inhibition for memory problems, antipsychotic medicines to combat the behavioural and mental manifestations of Alzheimer's disease, analgesic medicines for Inflammation, anti-inflammatory agents for transmission, and possibly antipsychotic drugs medications for memory impairment may be used to treat the severe and raising symptoms. Additionally, scientists have sought to discover treatments that might delay the onset of disorders, which include Analgesics (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory in nature drugs) treating dementia, Riluzole treatment fatal motor neuron disease, tremors, and Huntington's chorea. Although specialized medications may assist relieve a few of the signs. There nevertheless remain so many problems with them. Age significantly increases the individual's risk of having a condition that affects the brain. In the future decades, there may be an increase in neurodegenerative illnesses. To better understand the mechanisms behind diseases of the brain, we must come up with novel approaches to both therapy and prevention. Thus we started searching for more treatments for these diseases as a result of this, and we found some options. Such as plant medicine, physiotherapy, stem cell therapy, monoclonal antibiotics.
Flexible 3D‐Printed Cellulosic Constructs for EMI Shielding and Piezoresistive Sensing
Authors: Amini Majed , Hashemi Seyyed Alireza , Yu Zhengyang , Ghaffarkhah Ahmadreza , Kamkar Milad , Jiang Feng , Arjmand Mohammad 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAdvances in materials science and sustainability have positioned cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) as an important nanomaterial for creating complex 3D architectures through 3D printing techniques. However, the inherent limitations of 3D‐printed CNF‐based materials, such as poor electrical conductivity and restricted mechanical flexibility, pose barriers to their application in next‐generation electronics. The research addresses these challenges by integrating CNF‐based 3D printed frameworks with a conductive polymer via a process known as “cold chemical vapor polymerization” (CCVP). The procedure initiates with the direct ink writing (DIW) of the CNF hydrogel, which then undergoes saturation with Fe3+ ions and freeze‐drying to produce ion‐embedded CNF frameworks. Subsequently, interconnected conductive pathways of poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) are generated within these structures using CCVP. This methodology allows for precise customization of electrical conductivity, resulting in the production of highly conductive (546 S m−1) and mechanically flexible (70% compressible) patterned constructs. This advancement is highlighted by the development of grid‐based structures designed for electromagnetic interference (EMI) shields. These innovative shields demonstrate an absorbance of 0.71 and a specific EMI shielding effectiveness of 3406.45 dB cm2 g−1. Furthermore, these aerogels function as highly sensitive piezoresistive sensors, demonstrating the versatility of this sustainable approach for advancing wearable electronics and multifunctional technologies.
Femtosecond Laser‐Written Invisible Sensors in Architectural Glass and Their Impact on Strength
Authors: Nategh Shahryar , Geudens Viktor , Van Steenberge Geert , Belis Jan , Missinne Jeroen 
Published: January 2025

AbstractMonitoring architectural glass is becoming increasingly important due to its transition from small infill panels to large, load‐bearing applications, but traditional sensors are visually unappealing for use with transparent materials. This study explores the integration of waveguide Bragg gratings (WBG) into 4 mm thick soda lime silicate architectural glass using femtosecond laser technology, creating invisible optical sensors within the bulk. This method furthermore protects the sensors from surface damage. We report on the optimization and characterization of laser‐written waveguides in this type of glass, achieving low‐loss single‐mode waveguides up to 25 cm long with a propagation loss of 0.52 dB cm−1 at 1550 nm wavelength. Furthermore, WBGs are realized showing a 12.8% peak reflectivity and 115 pm−3 dB bandwidth. A demonstrator consisting of a 25 cm‐long architectural glass plate with a WBG in the center connected to the edge via a single‐mode waveguide, shows a strain sensitivity of 1.20 pm μɛ−1 and a temperature sensitivity of 13.5 pm °C−1. Importantly, mechanical testing confirms that the waveguides do not compromise the strength of the glass which is crucial when subjected to loads. These findings underscore the potential of this technology for structural health monitoring of glass structures.
Melamine‐Copolymerization Strategy Engineered Fluorinated Polyimides for Membrane‐Based Sour Natural Gas Separation
Authors: Ren Yi , Wright Patrick T. , Liu Zhongyun , Yang Shijie , Lu Lu , Yang John , Wang Xuezhen , Guo Sheng 
Published: January 2025

AbstractMembrane‐based gas separation provides an energy‐efficient approach for the simultaneous CO2 and H2S removal from sour natural gas. The fluorinated polyimide (PI) membranes exhibited a promising balance between permeability and permselectivity for sour natural gas separation. To further improve the separation efficiency of fluorinated PI membranes, a melamine‐copolymerization synthetic approach is devised that aims to incorporate melamine motifs with high sour gas affinity into the structure of the PI membranes. The fluorinated copolyimide membranes that are structurally engineered exhibited excellent solution‐processability and enhanced sweet‐mixed gas selectivity compared to their original PI membranes. Additionally, under a five‐component sour mixed‐gas feed, these melamine‐copolymerized fluorinated PI membranes provided superior combined H2S and CO2 removal efficiency in comparison to conventional glassy polymer membranes. The melamine‐copolymerization strategy provides an easily operable and generally effective approach to developing performance‐enhancing PI membranes for sour natural gas separation.
Unlocking Hexafluoroisopropanol as a Practical Anion‐Binding Catalyst for Living Cationic Polymerization
Authors: Li Maosheng , Ma Xiaodie , Tao Youhua 
Published: January 2025

AbstractLiving cationic polymerization (LCP) is a classical technique for precision polymer synthesis; however, due to the high sensitivity of cationic active species towards chain‐transfer/termination events, it is notoriously difficult to control polymerization under mild conditions, which inhibits its progress in advanced materials engineering. Here, we unlock a practical anion‐binding catalytic strategy to address the historical dilemma in LCP. Our experimental and mechanistic studies demonstrate that commercially accessible hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP), when used in high loading, can create higher‐order HFIP aggregates to tame dormant‐active species equilibrium via non‐covalent anion‐binding principle, in turn inducing distinctive polymerization kinetics behaviors that grant efficient chain propagation while minimizing competitive side reactions. This unique control mechanism delivers unprecedented polymerization activity and controllability across various electron‐rich vinyl monomers under mild conditions, and provides easy access to high molecular weight polymers, block copolymers, and end‐functionalized telechelic polymers. Also, the minimalistic structure of HFIP coupled with its convenient removal and recycle renders this approach easy to scale up, without concern for cost, sustainability and complicated work‐up processes associated with previous systems. This study presents another universal and sustainable strategy for cationic macromolecular engineering, and will also stimulate further exploration of innovative non‐covalent catalysis that enables more challenging living polymerization systems.
Building Localized NADP(H) Recycling Circuits to Advance Enzyme Cascadetronics
Authors: Herold Ryan A. , Schofield Christopher J. , Armstrong Fraser A. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe catalytic action of enzymes in a cascade trapped within a mesoporous electrode material is simultaneously energized, controlled and observed through the efficient, reversible electrochemical NAD(P)(H) recycling catalyzed by one of the enzymes. In their nanoconfined state, nicotinamide cofactors are tightly channeled current carriers, mediating multi‐step reactions in either direction (oxidation or reduction) with a rapid response time. By incorporating a hydrogen‐borrowing enzyme pair, the internal action of which opposes the external voltage bias driving oxidation or reduction, a reduction process can be performed under overall oxidizing conditions, and vice versa. The power of the method to control and resolve complex metabolic pathways is demonstrated using a non‐linear, three‐enzyme cascade extended by incorporating a fourth enzyme, urease. The latter generates in situ ammonia, which is enzymatically consumed in a reductive process, but the immediate current response to each addition of urea is observed, unusually, by applying an oxidizing potential. A practical consequence is that enzyme‐catalyzed electrochemical reduction reactions requiring anaerobic conditions (to avoid O2 interference) can readily be studied under ambient aerobic conditions. The results illustrate how a complex enzyme cascade confined within a porous electrode and connected to an electrical power source manifests characteristics associated with electronic circuits.
Integrated Two‐in‐one Strategy for Efficient Neutral Hydrogen Peroxide Electrosynthesis via Phosphorous Doping in 2D Mesoporous Carbon Carriers
Authors: Qi Chunhong , Bao Weichao , Xu Jiangsan , Li Yu , Xu Fangfang , Li Minghao , Wang Lianjun , Jiang Wan , Qiu Pengpeng , Luo Wei 
Published: January 2025

AbstractHerein, we demonstrate a two‐in‐one strategy for efficient neutral electrosynthesis of H2O2 via two‐electron oxygen reduction reaction (2e− ORR), achieved by synergistically fine‐modulating both the local microenvironment and electronic structure of indium (In) single atom (SA) sites. Through a series of finite elemental simulations and experimental analysis, we highlight the significant impact of phosphorous (P) doping on an optimized 2D mesoporous carbon carrier, which fosters a favorable microenvironment by improving the mass transfer and O2 enrichment, subsequently leading to an increased local pH levels. Consequently, an outstanding 2e− ORR performance is observed in neutral electrolytes, achieving over 95 % selectivity for H2O2 across a broad voltage range of 0.1 to 0.5 V vs RHE. In a flow cell, the production rate of H2O2 exceeds 22.54 mol gcat−1 h−1 while maintaining high stability at industrial‐level current densities. These results are comparable to, if not better than, those achieved under alkaline conditions. Further analysis, both experimental and theoretical, indicates that the P dopant occupies the second coordination sphere of the In SA, which shows optimized OOH* binding strength for an enhanced 2e− ORR kinetic.
Navigating AAMI ST108 Water Quality Requirements for Safe Processing of Medical Devices
Authors: Gordon Patrick S. , Mehrotra Preeti 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTWater quality plays a critical role in health care, particularly in the processing of medical devices. This article highlights the infection control risks associated with water sources and the regulatory requirements for water management plans in health care facilities. The guidance on water quality has evolved from the initial technical information report provided by the Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation in 2014 to the more recent 2023 publication of the American National Standards Institute and Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation standard for water used in medical device processing. The new standard emphasizes the importance of consistent water and steam quality in instrument processing and outlines the chemical and microbiological parameters for water quality. This article also addresses the challenges of implementing these standards, discusses the implications for patient safety and instrument integrity, and provides strategies for health care teams to ensure compliance.