bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Endovascular repair of traumatic pseudoaneurysm by uncovered self‐expandable stenting with or without transstent coiling of the aneurysm cavity
Authors: Assali Abid R. , Sdringola Stefano , Moustapha Ali , Rihner Michael , Denktas Ali E. , Lefkowitz Michael A. , Campbell Morgan , Smalling Richard W. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractVarious surgical options for internal carotid or subclavian artery pseudoaneurysm repair have been reported; however, in general they have resulted in poor outcomes with high morbidity and mortality rates. Recently, these open surgical procedures have been partly replaced by percutaneous transluminal placement of endovascular devices. We evaluated the potential for using flexible self‐expanding uncovered stents with or without coiling to treat extracranial internal carotid, subclavian and other peripheral artery posttraumatic pseudoaneurysm. Three patients with posttraumatic pseudoaneurysm were treated by stent deployment and coiling (two cases) of the aneurysm cavity. In one case, a 5.0 × 47 mm Wallstent (Boston Scientific) was positioned to span the neck of the 9 × 5 mm size pseudoaneurysm (left internal carotid artery) and deployed. Angiography demonstrated complete occlusion of the pseudoaneurysm without coiling. In the second patient, a 5.0 × 31 mm Wallstent (Boston Scientific) was positioned to span the neck of the 9 × 7 mm size pseudoaneurysm (right internal carotid artery) and deployed. A total of six coils (Guglielmi Detachable Coils, Boston Scientific) were deployed into the pseudoaneurysm cavity until it was completely obliterated. In the third case, an 8.0 × 80 mm SMART (Cordis) stent was advanced over the wire, positioned to span the neck of the 10 × 7 mm size pseudoaneurysm of the left subclavian artery, and deployed. Fourteen 40 × 0.5 mm Trufill (Cordis) pushable coils were deployed into the pseudoaneurysm cavity until it was completely obliterated. At long‐term follow‐up (6–9 months), all patients were asymptomatic without flow into the aneurysm cavity by Duplex ultrasound. We conclude that uncovered endovascular flexible self‐expanding stent placement with transstent coil embolization of the pseudoaneurysm cavity is a promising new technique to treat posttraumatic pseudoaneurysm vascular disease by minimally invasive methods, while preserving the patency of the vessel and side branches. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2001;53:253–258. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
In vivo assessment of stent recoil in normal porcine arteries: Evaluation of contemporary stent designs
Authors: Garcia Lawrence A. , Hosley Susanne E. , Baim Donald S. , Carrozza Joseph P. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractAcute stent recoil has been observed following balloon deflation in normal and diseased coronary arteries, and the magnitude varies by stent design. We sought to evaluate acute stent recoil in five new stents. Twenty‐five stents (four Crown, five Nir Conformer Royale, five Crossflex, five SupraG, and six GFX) were implanted in six Yorkshire pigs. All stents were expanded using a noncompliant balloon (balloon:artery ratio 1.2:1.0). Continuous ultrasound imaging was performed during stepwise balloon inflation and deflation using a 0.018″ imaging core. Maximum cross‐section areas (CSA) and minimal luminal diameter (MLD) were measured at 12 atm and immediately following balloon deflation. Maximum stent CSA matched expected balloon CSA. Area and diameter recoil were calculated as 1 − (CSAdeflation/CSAmax) and 1 − (MLDdeflation/MLDmax), respectively. Upon deflation, all stents showed recoil from maximal CSA. Area recoil was significantly lower for slotted‐tube stents than modular stents (12.6% ± 1.6% vs. 23.2 ± 3.5%; P < 0.05). In compliant, nonatherosclerotic porcine coronary arteries, acute stent recoil for the four slotted‐tube designs ranged from 8.4% to 18.0% by area. The modular stent tested was associated with significantly greater acute recoil than the slotted‐tube stents. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2001;53:277–280. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Intramyocardial delivery of FGF2 in combination with radio frequency transmyocardial revascularization
Authors: Bao Jialin , Naimark Wendy , Palasis Maria , Laham Roger , Simons Michael , Post Mark J. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractTherapeutic angiogenesis and percutaneous transmyocardial revascularization (PMR) are potentially synergistic modalities to improve myocardial perfusion. To evaluate the efficiency of FGF2 delivery into an area that has been radio frequency (RF) ablated, we studied two catheter‐based delivery methods, a direct injection system (Stiletto) and a combined RF ablation‐delivery system (RF‐PMR). Four groups (n = 3/group) of pigs received six transendocardial injections of 125I‐FGF2/fluorescent microspheres with either the Stiletto or the RF‐PMR catheter. RF‐PMR injections were preceded by a 0.6 sec RF ablation step. After either 1 or 24 hr, hearts and other tissues were harvested. Intramyocardial deposition sites were located with UV light and isolated. Specific activity per site was expressed as a percentage of total activity injected per site corrected for quenching. Injection site recovery was high for both catheter systems (average = 88%) and systemic uptake was low (< 6% in the liver). FGF2 retention was significantly higher with the Stiletto than the RF‐PMR catheter (Stiletto 1 hr 41% ± 17%, 24 hr 26% ± 10%, RF‐PMR 1 hr 21% ± 14%, 24 hr 13% ± 8%; P < 0.001), principally explained by the differences in catheter design. The Stiletto has a retractable needle and is optimized for intramyocardial delivery, whereas infusion from the RF‐PMR device occurs at the endocardial surface and relies on channels created during RF ablation. Overall, FGF2 retention after transendocardial intramyocardial delivery by the Stiletto or the RF‐PMR system is significantly higher than previously observed for intracoronary, intravenous and intrapericardial delivery. In conclusion, the combination of RF ablation and growth factor delivery using the RF‐PMR system is feasible and efficient. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2001;53:429–434. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Enantiomerization of 3‐Carbethoxy‐l,4‐benzodiazepin‐2‐one: Combined chiral HPLC and spectroscopic study
Authors: Abatangelo Anna , Zanetti Flavio , Navarini Luciano , Kontrec Darko , Vinković Vladimir , Šunjić Vitomir 
Published: September 2002

AbstractRecently developed chiral HPLC columns CHIRIS AD1 and CHIRIS AD2 have been demonstrated to separate racemic, configurationally unstable ethyl‐7‐chloro‐2‐oxo‐5‐phenyl‐2,3‐dihydro‐1H‐1,4‐benzodiazepine‐3‐carboxylate (1) and its 3‐methyl congener 2; fast on‐column enantiomerization of configurationally unstable 1 was observed, however. Addition of 0.1% of AcOH to the eluting mixture inhibits enantiomerization, whereas the same percentage of Et3N completely precludes enantioseparation, suggesting base‐catalysis by free β‐aminoethyl groups, present in low percentage in chiral stationary phase (CSP). When both CSPs were prepared under conditions of nonexhaustive acylation by N‐DNB‐α‐aminoacids, no separation of 1 was observed. The rate of enantiomerization on CHIRIS AD2 was determined at 25°C, the mechanism is discussed, and experimental results correlated with calculated relative stabilities of the tautomers la–c. Absolute (3S) configuration of (+) enantiomers of 1 and 2 was determined by comparison of their eluation profile to that of (±)‐3 and (3S)‐(+)‐3, taking into account relative (ψa or ψe) configuration of the prevailing conformer in solution. Chirality 14:12–17, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Enantiopure building blocks for chiral drugs from racemic mixtures of secondary alcohols by combination of lipase catalysis and Mitsunobu esterification
Authors: Liu Hui‐Ling , Anthonsen Thorleif 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe racemic alcohols 3‐chloro‐1‐(2‐thienyl)‐1‐propanol, 3‐chloro‐1‐phenylpropanol, and 1‐chloro‐3‐(3,4‐difluorophenoxy)‐2‐propanol were converted into a mixture of one enantiomer as butanoate and the other as alcohol by lipase catalysis. Subsequent Mitsunobu esterification without separation proceeded with inversion of the unreacted alcohols to give high yield and ee of the three enantiopure butanoates. The butanoates of opposite configuration were produced in a similar manner, but starting with lipase‐catalyzed hydrolysis of the racemic butanoates. Chirality 14: 25–27, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
C2‐Symmetric dialkoxyphosphoramide and dialkoxythiophosphoramide derivatives of (1R, 2R)‐1,2‐diaminocyclohexane as chiral ligands for the titanium(IV) alkoxide‐promoted asymmetric addition reactions of diethylzinc to arylaldehydes
Authors: Shi Min , Wu Xiao‐Feng , Rong Guobin 
Published: September 2002

AbstractC2‐Symmetric chiral diethoxyphosphoramide 4, diethoxythiophosphoramide 5, and diisopropoxyphosphoramide 6 of (1R, 2R)‐1,2‐diaminocyclohexane were prepared by the reactions of diethoxyphosphinic chloride, diethoxythiophosphinic chloride, and diisopropoxyphosphinic chloride with (1R, 2R)‐1,2‐diaminocyclohexane, respectively. They were used as catalytic chiral ligands in the asymmetric addition reactions of diethylzinc to aldehydes in the presence of titanium(IV) isopropoxide to give the corresponding sec‐alcohols with 43–70% ee. Chiral ligands 4 and 5 gave the sec‐alcohols with opposite absolute configuration. Chirality 14:90–95, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Enantioselectivity of the musk odor sensation
Authors: Kraft Philip , Fráter Georg 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThis brief review, the summary of a talk at the Symposium on Biological Chirality 2000 in Szeged, Hungary, illustrates what chiral recognition tells us about the molecular parameters of the musk odor sensation. While the enantioselectivity of odor perception is strong evidence for the key role of proteinogenic receptors in the molecular mechanism of olfaction, the quantitative and qualitative odor differences of enantiomers are often not very pronounced, as in the case of muscone (17/26). In those cases, however, where there is strong enantiodiscrimination, we find most intense musk odorants with very low odor thresholds, such as (–)‐(12R)‐12‐methyl‐9‐oxa‐14‐tetradecanolide (35), (12R;9Z)‐12‐methyl‐14‐tetradec‐9‐enolide [(R)‐Nirvanolide®, 38], and (–)‐(4S;7R)‐1,3,4,6,7,8‐hexahydro‐4,6,6,7,8,8‐hexamethylcyclopenta[g]‐2‐benzopyran [(–)‐(4S;7R)‐Galaxolide®, 57], the latter being rather rigid. We thus can assume the geometry of the musk receptor to be fairly complementary to these compounds, which therefore can serve as templates for the design of new musk odorants. Chirality 13:388–394, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Chirality and symmetry aspects of spheroarenes, including fullerenes
Authors: Rassat André 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe design of the smallest spheroarenes (CN molecules based on trivalent polyhedral framework, a class which subsumes fullerenes) of any point‐group symmetry is presented. The role of Curie's principle is discussed. Some molecules whose carbon backbone is a nonplanar graph are described. Chirality 13:395–402, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Determination of enantiomerization barriers by dynamic and stopped‐flow chromatographic methods
Authors: Trapp Oliver , Schoetz Gabriele , Schurig Volker 
Published: September 2002

AbstractIn recent years, dynamic chromatography and stopped‐flow chromatographic techniques have become versatile tools for the determination of enantiomerization and isomerization barriers. Increasing demands for the stereochemical safety of chiral drugs contributed to the rapid development of new techniques. New computer‐aided evaluation systems allow the on‐line determination of interconversion barriers from the experimental chromatograms. Both dynamic chromatography and stopped‐flow chromatography have been applied to the entire range of chromatographic methods (GC, SFC, HPLC, CE). Chirality 13:403–414, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Variable stereochemistry in highly branched isoprenoids from diatoms
Authors: Belt Simon T. , Allard W. Guy , Johns Lesley , König Wilfried A. , Massé Guillaume , Robert Jean‐Michel , Rowland Steve 
Published: September 2002

AbstractC25 highly branched isoprenoid (HBI) alkenes are ubiquitous lipids found in geochemical samples around the globe. The origins of these widespread geochemicals are believed to be restricted to a limited number of diatoms, including Haslea ostrearia (and related species), Rhizosolenia setigera, and Pleurosigma intermedium. The unsaturation of the HBI alkenes ranges from 2–6 in different species and cultures. The number of stereogenic centres is usually limited to two in the HBI alkenes due to double bond positions. The relative and/or absolute configurations for these have been determined for a range of HBI alkenes produced from different diatoms cultured under a number of growth conditions. These determinations have involved a combined spectroscopic and chromatographic analysis using NMR spectroscopy and chiral gas chromatography, respectively. HBIs isolated from Haslea spp. belong to a specific structural type which exhibit configurational diastereoisomerism, while those isolated from P. intermedium and R. setigera represent a different structural type and usually exist as mixtures of geometric isomers only. HBIs are reported from a new species of diatom whose stereochemical properties lie between those found for Haslea spp. and P. intermedium. Chirality 13:415–419, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Coupling from AII amacrine cells to ON cone bipolar cells is bidirectional
Authors: Trexler E. Brady , Li Wei , Mills Stephen L. , Massey Stephen C. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe AII amacrine cell is a critical interneuron in the rod pathway of the mammalian retina. Rod signals pass into cone pathways by means of gap junctions between AII amacrine cells and ON cone bipolar cells. Filling AII amacrine cells with Neurobiotin produces labeling of cone bipolar cells by means of these gap junctions. However, tracer injections into bipolar cells do not produce labeling of the AII network (Vaney [1997] Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 38:267–273), which suggests that the AII/bipolar gap junctions allow the passage of tracer in only one direction. This mechanism stands in contrast to physiological results, which indicate that light adapted signals can pass from ON cone bipolar cells into the AII network (Xin and Bloomfield [1999] Vis Neurosci. 16:653–665). Here, we report that a variety of ON and OFF bipolar cells are sometimes anomalously coupled to the A‐type horizontal cell network. These relatively rare examples do not result from dye injection errors, but seem to represent minor developmental errors. However, this provides a method to obtain Neurobiotin‐filled cone bipolar cells without the necessity of impaling them with a microelectrode. Under these conditions, Neurobiotin spreads from ON cone bipolar cells into neighboring AII amacrine cells. The dye‐coupled AII amacrine cells, positively identified by double labeling with an antibody against calretinin, were centered around anomalously coupled ON bipolar cells. These results indicate that AII/bipolar cell gap junctions allow tracer coupling in both directions, consistent with previous physiological results. The previous failure to detect the passage of neuronal tracer from injected bipolar cells to AII amacrine cells may reflect electrode damage or perhaps the asymmetrical voltage sensitivity of a heterotypic gap junction. J. Comp. Neurol. 437:408–422, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Morphology, electrophysiology, and calbindin immunoreactivity of myenteric neurons in the guinea pig distal colon
Authors: Tamura Kenji , Ito Hiroyuki , Wade Paul R. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe morphological and physiological characteristics of myenteric neurons in the guinea pig distal colon were determined using Lucifer yellow‐ or N‐(2‐aminoethyl) biotinamide‐containing microelectrodes and intracellular recording and staining methods. The neurons in this study (n = 204) were classified on the basis of the shapes of their cell bodies and short processes or dendrites and the number of long processes or axons as Dogiel type I (n = 75 neurons; 36.8%), filamentous (n = 31 neurons; 15.2%), Dogiel type II (n = 38 neurons; 18.6%), and unclassified (n = 60 neurons; 29.4%). All Dogiel type II neurons had action potentials followed by an after‐spike hyperpolarization (AH), and most of them (84%) had large, smooth somata and filamentous, short processes in addition to multiple, long processes or axons. Most of Dogiel type I, filamentous, and unclassified neurons (98%) had a single, long process, but four Dogiel type I neurons and one unclassified neuron had two long processes terminating as varicosities within other ganglia or on the surface of longitudinal muscle. The projections of monoaxonal neurons were distributed equally between oral and aboral directions, and most of them received fast excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs). All of the Dogiel type II neurons and seven Dogiel type I neurons were positive for calbindin immunoreactivity, but three filamentous neurons received fEPSPs, had spikes followed by AH, and were negative for calbindin. The presence of calbindin‐immunoreactive(‐IR) neurons was quite variable among the ganglia. These results confirm that neither the presence of calbindin immunoreactivity nor the absence of fEPSPs can be used as a predictor of cellular morphology or electrophysiological properties of myenteric neurons in the distal colon. J. Comp. Neurol. 437:423–437, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Development of GABA‐immunoreactive neuron patterning in the spinal cord
Authors: Binor Elaine , Heathcote R. David 
Published: September 2002

AbstractIn the frog Xenopus laevis, γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA)‐immunoreactive spinal cord neurons (Kolmer‐Agduhr cells) formed a dispersed pattern within two columns on either side of the midline. The cellular pattern became established during embryonic and larval development. The GABA‐immunoreactive cells are cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)‐contacting neurons that began to appear by 1.2 days (st 26) of development. This stage occurred shortly after neural tube closure (0.9 days, st 21) and followed the appearance of ultrastructural characteristics of CSF‐contacting neurons. The pattern of GABA‐immunoreactive cells emerged during embryogenesis, as their density increased. Each longitudinal column was heterogeneous, containing cells with and without GABA immunoreactivity. Spatial analysis at several embryonic and larval stages showed that the cells in each column formed a nonrandom, dispersed pattern even at early stages of differentiation. This one‐dimensional pattern resembled that of dopamine‐immunoreactive neurons, which are also located in the ventral spinal cord. The patterning of both cell types followed a different time course, but the ultimate spacing of the neurons remained comparable. These results suggested that the mechanism patterning the two cell types within the same region was similar but not identical and may involve related molecular mechanisms. J. Comp. Neurol. 438:1–11, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Distribution of substance P and neurokinin‐1 receptor immunoreactivity in the suprachiasmatic nuclei and intergeniculate leaflet of hamster, mouse, and rat
Authors: Piggins Hugh D. , Samuels Rayna E. , Coogan Andrew N. , Cutler David J. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe circadian pacemaker in the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) receives photic information directly via the retinohypothalamic tract (RHT) and indirectly from retinally innervated cells in the thalamic intergeniculate leaflet (IGL) that project to the SCN. Using standard immunohistochemical methods, we examined the presence and distribution of substance P (SP) and the neurokinin‐1 receptor (NK‐1) in the SCN and IGL of rat and determined whether the patterns of immunostaining generalized to the SCN and IGL of Syrian hamster, Siberian hamster, and mouse. Terminals immunoreactive for SP were sparse within the SCN of Siberian and Syrian hamsters and mouse but were intense in the ventral, retinally innervated portion of the rat SCN. Immunostaining for the NK‐1 receptor was mainly absent from the SCN of hamster and mouse. In contrast, a plexus of NK‐1‐ir cells and processes that was in close proximity to SP‐ir terminals was found in the ventral SCN of the rat. Substance P‐ir terminals were observed in the IGL of all four species, as were NK‐1‐ir cells and fibres. Double‐labelled IGL sections of hamster or rat revealed SP‐ir terminals in close apposition to NK‐1‐immunostained cells and/or fibres. These data indicate that SP could be a neurotransmitter of the RHT in rat, but not in hamster or in mouse, and they highlight potential species differences in the role of SP within the SCN circadian pacemaker. Such species differences do not appear to exist at the level of the IGL, where SP‐ir and NK‐1‐ir were similar in all species studied. J. Comp. Neurol. 438:50–65, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Time step selection for shock problems
Authors: Hörnell Karl , Lötstedt Per 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe solution to a conservation law is integrated in time by an explicit embedded Runge–Kutta method. The time steps are chosen so that a bound on the local error is satisfied. At discontinuities such as shocks in the solution the time step is too pessimistic. By filtering the error estimate the time steps are determined by the smooth parts of the solution. The technique is justified theoretically and in numerical experiments. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Unification of stress intensity factor (SIF) extraction methods with an h‐adaptive finite element scheme
Authors: Murthy K. S. R. K. , Mukhopadhyay M. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractAn h‐adaptive finite element procedure consisting of recently developed mesh generator (advancing front type and exclusively suitable for two‐dimensional domains containing cracks), ZZ‐error estimator and a refinement strategy based on strain energy concentration index have been used to refine the meshes of domains containing cracks adaptively to a target error of 3 per cent. Seven mixed‐mode SIF extraction methods have been coupled with the present h‐adaptive finite element analysis in order to examine the performance of each method in an environment of randomly changing meshes. Based on the performance of each method the SIF values of a mixed‐mode crack problem that does not have analytical solution have been suggested. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The use of metamers to compare the color vision of observers
Authors: Ezquerro J. M. , Carreño F. , Zoido J. M. , Bernabeu E. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractIn this research we compare the colorimetric behavior of several observers. For color centers recommended by CIE we have produced large sets of spectral distributions, which are metameric for the CIE 1931 standard observer. For each one of the color centers, we compare the clouds of chromaticity coordinates with the chromaticity thresholds. We define a parameter that provides a quantitative measure of the interobserver variability. This parameter is used to arrange the observers by their degree of likeness. A similar procedure has been used to compare two real observers. It is shown how there is no reciprocity between the colorimetric behavior of two real observers. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Col Res Appl, 26, 262–269, 2001