bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of ceftiofur sodium and oxytetracycline for treatment of acute interdigital phlegmon (foot rot) in feedlot cattle
Authors: Morck Douglas W. , Olson Merle E. , Louie Thomas J. , Koppe Arie , Quinn Bruce 
Published: December 2023

Objective—
To determine whether ceftiofur sodium would be useful for treatment of acute interdigital phlegmon (foot rot) in cattle.

Design—
Randomized controlled trial.

Animals—
308 cross-bred yearling steers with clinical signs of acute interdigital phlegmon (ie, lameness with interdigital swelling, interdigital lesions, or both).

Procedure—
Steers were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 treatment groups: ceftiofur at a dosage of 0.1 mg/kg (0.045 mg/lb) of body weight, IM, every 24 hours; ceftiofur at a dosage of 1.0 mg/kg (0.45 mg/lb), IM, every 24 hours, and oxytetracycline at a dosage of 6.6 mg/kg (3 mg/lb), IM, every 24 hours. All animals were treated for 3 days; treatment was considered successful if animals were no longer lame on day 4. Biopsy specimens were collected prior to treatment from 5 animals in each group and submitted for anaerobic bacterial culture and histologic examination.

Results—
Success rates for the high-dosage ceftiofur (94/129; 73%) and oxytetracycline (87/128; 68%) groups were significantly higher than that for the low-dosage ceftiofur group (5/50; 10%), but there were no significant differences between the high-dosage ceftiofur and oxytetracycline groups. Anaerobic bacteria most frequently isolated from biopsy specimens were Porphyromonas levii and Provetella intermedia.

Clinical Implications—
Use of ceftiofur at a dosage of 1.0 mg/kg for treatment of cattle with acute interdigital phlegmon was as effective as use of oxytetracycline at a dosage of 6.6 mg/kg. However, ceftiofur has a negligible withdrawal time and, therefore, may be a better choice for treatment of near-market weight animals. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1998;212:254–257)
Prevalence of heartworm infection in cats with signs of cardiorespiratory abnormalities
Authors: Atkins Clarke E. , DeFrancesco Teresa C. , Miller Matt W. , Meurs Kate M. , Keene Bruce 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To determine prevalence of heartworm infection in a population of pet cats with cardiorespiratory abnormalities and to determine relative usefulness of clinical signs and tests in diagnosis of heartworm disease.

Design
Prospective case series.

Animals
100 client-owned cats with clinical signs of cardiorespiratory abnormalities.

Procedure
Cats were evaluated using CBC, modified Knott test, ELISA for serologic detection of heartworm antigen and antibodies to heartworms, thoracic radiography, and echocardiography. Cats were considered infected if they had circulating microfilaria, heartworm antigens in serum, or if heartworms were detected by echocardiography or on necropsy. Cats were considered suspicious for infection if they had 2 of the following: serum antibodies to heartworms, eosinophilia or basophilia, or indicative radiographic findings.

Results
9 cats were infected with heartworms, resulting in a prevalence of 9%; 26 cats had evidence of heartworm exposure (ie, serum antibodies to heartworms). Twenty cats were considered suspicious for heartworm infection. Some outdoor exposure was reported twice as often in heartworm-infected cats, compared with noninfected and suspicious cats. However, a third of infected cats were reportedly housed totally indoors. Cough and dyspnea were strong indicators of heartworm disease. Eight of 9 infected cats had serum antibodies to heartworms and heartworm antigen in serum. Thoracic radiography and echocardiography indicated heartworm infection in 6 and 7 of the 9 cats, respectively.

Clinical Implications
Cough or dyspnea may indicate heartworm disease in cats; serologic tests, echocardiography, and radiography are most useful diagnostic procedures. Although living indoors is protective, it may not preclude heartworm infection in cats. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1998; 212:517-520)
Evaluation of prostaglandin F2αtreatment in dairy cows at risk for low fertility after parturition
Authors: Kristula Michaela A. , Bartholomew Richard 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To evaluate the effect of 2 postpartum prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) treatment protocols on reproductive performance of dairy cows at risk for low fertility. In addition, various medical conditions in cows that are recognized as having adverse effects on fertility were evaluated as criteria for fertility treatment.

Design
Prospective study.

Animals
291 cows with, and 271 cows without, risk factors for low fertility.

Procedure
Cows at risk for low fertility were randomly assigned to 2 treatment groups. Group-1 cows received 3 IM injections of PGF2α at weekly intervals after parturition, and group-2 cows received 1 IM injection of PGF2α 17 to 24 days after parturition.

Results
Compared with a single PGF2α treatment 17 to 24 days after parturition, there was no added benefit of 3 treatments with PGF2α 3 to 10, 10 to 17, and 17 to 24 days after parturition in cows at risk for low fertility. Cows without risk factors for low fertility had 20% higher pregnancy rates, compared with cows with risk factors for low fertility. Twinning had a negative effect on future fertility.

Clinical Implications
Results of this study indicate that further consideration should be given to the timing and intervals of PGF2α administration after parturition. Risk factors for low fertility, such as retained placenta, twins, and assisted calvings, are valid criteria to evaluate different treatment options to improve fertility in dairy cows. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1998; 212:702-704)
Brucellosis in adult beef cattle of Mexican origin shipped direct-to-slaughter into Texas
Authors: Brown William H. , de Anda Jorge Hernández 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To compare prevalence estimates of brucellosis (BR) in adult beef cattle that originated from different states and regions of Mexico and that were shipped direct-to-slaughter into Texas during 1995.

Design
Epidemiologic survey.

Animals
About 65,000 adult beef cattle.

Procedure
Blood samples were collected during postmortem examinations and were tested for serum antibodies to Brucella abortus, using the particle concentration fluorescence immunoassay and automated complement-fixation test. Prevalence estimates and 95% confidence intervals of BR were calculated by state of origin in Mexico. The difference among prevalence estimates of BR in cattle from different states and regions was tested for significance (P< 0.05), using the proportion test.

Results
On the basis of serologic test results, the overall prevalence estimate of BR was 0.32%. The prevalence estimate of BR in cattle from the state of Chihuahua (0.10%) was significantly different than that in cattle from the states of Nuevo Leon (0.23%), Zacatecas (0.34%), Durango (0.47%), Chiapas (1.81%), Tamaulipas (2.71%), Aguascalientes (7.89%), and Campeche (12.24%). In addition, prevalence estimates of BR in cattle were significantly different among the northern (0.22%), south-central (3.18%), and south coastal (9.42%) regions of Mexico.

Clinical Implications
Results of this study indicate that the number of cattle exposed to B abortus may be significantly different among states and regions of Mexico. Current import sanitary requirements should continue to mitigate potential risk of transmission of BR from sexually intact cattle of Mexican origin to Texas cattle. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1998; 212:705-707)
Serologic survey for hantavirus infection in domestic animals and coyotes from New Mexico and northeastern Arizona
Authors: Malecki Tinalyn M. , Jillson Gregory P. , Thilsted John P. , Elrod Jed , Torrez-Martinez Norah , Hjelle Brian 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To determine whether animals had serologic evidence of infection with Sin Nombre virus (SNV).

Design
Prospective serosurvey.

Sample Population
Serum samples were obtained from 145 cats, 85 dogs, 120 horses, and 24 cattle between April 1993 and August 1994 and 54 coyotes between December 1994 and February 1995.

Procedure
Serum samples were analyzed by western immunoblot assays for reaction with SNV nucleocapsid antigen. Samples with reactivity to SNV nucleocapsid proteins were used to probe multiple-antigen blots containing recombinant fusion proteins derived from prototypic hantaviruses. Lung tissue or blood clots were used in nested reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction assays for a 320-nucleotide portion of the SNV G1 gene.

Results
Sera from 4 of 145 (2.8%) cats and 4 of 85 (3.5%) dogs had trace reactivity to full-length SNV-encoded nucleocapsid proteins. All samples from horses, cattle, and coyotes were nonreactive. Sera from cats and dogs that had trace IgG-antibody reactivity to nucleocapsid proteins were then tested for IgG-antibody reactivity to nucleocapsid proteins of prototypic hantaviruses. One cat had multiple cross-reactivities with these hantaviruses, consistent with exposure to a hantavirus; however, epitope mapping studies did not support this conclusion. Reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction studies of blood clots or lung tissue from 2 animals that had weak reactivity to SNV failed to amplify any hantavirus sequence.

Clinical Implications
Domestic animals, particularly dogs and cats, as well as coyotes do not appear to have a major role in the maintenance and transmission of SNV. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1998;212:970–973)
Clinical and laboratory assessment of hydration status of neonatal calves with diarrhea
Authors: Constable Peter D. , Walker Pamela G. , Morin Dawn E. , Foreman Jonathan H. 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To develop accurate, objective guidelines for assessing hydration status of neonatal calves with diarrhea.

Design
Prospective study.

Animals
15 male dairy calves 3 to 10 days old.

Procedure
Dehydration and diarrhea were induced by administration of diuretic agents (ie, furosemide, spironolactone, hydrochlorothiazide) and sucrose solution. Linear regression was used to examine the relationship between potentially useful factors for evaluating hydration status (extent of enophthalmos; skin-tent duration on neck, thorax, and upper and lower eyelids; heart rate; mean central venous pressure; peripheral [extremity] and core [rectal] temperatures; core-peripheral [rectal-extremity] temperature difference; PCV; and hemoglobin and plasma protein concentrations) and degree of dehydration, as determined by change in body weight.

Results
Best predictors of degree of dehydration were extent of enophthalmos, skin elasticity on neck and thorax, and plasma protein concentration.

Clinical Implications
These experimentally determined guidelines provide practitioners with a simple, inexpensive, and practical method for evaluating hydration status of neonatal calves with diarrhea. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1998;212:991–996)
Results of postmortem examination of psittacine birds with cardiac disease: 26 cases (1991–1995)
Authors: Oglesbee Barbara L. , Oglesbee Michael J. 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To characterize prevalence and type of cardiac disease evident in psittacine birds during postmortem examination.

Design
Retrospective study.

Animals
26 psittacine birds with gross and histologic evidence of cardiac disease.

Procedure
Records of postmortem examinations of psittacine birds necropsied during a 4-year period were reviewed. Data on gross and histologic evidence of cardiac disease were analyzed. Birds identified included those in which congestive heart failure (CHF) was considered the primary cause of death and those in which substantial cardiac disease was evident, despite a lack of postmortem findings supportive of CHF.

Results
Of 269 psittacine birds necropsied, 26 (9.7%) had evidence of cardiac disease. In 15 (58%) birds with cardiac disease, changes consistent with CHF were evident and were sufficiently severe as to be considered the cause of death. The remaining 11 birds had cardiac lesions secondary to other systemic diseases; cardiac lesions were considered to be an incidental finding in these birds, and CHF was not evident. Of the 15 birds with CHF, 10 had evidence of right ventricular or biventricular failure, whereas only 5 had evidence of left ventricular failure.

Clinical Implications
Prevalence of cardiac disease in the psittacine birds reported here was similar to that seen clinically in other companion animals. The high incidence of right ventricular or biventricular heart failure in psittacine birds was similar to that for poultry in which lesions of right-sided heart failure predominate. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1998;212:1737–1742)
Longitudinal fractures of the condyles of the third metacarpal and metatarsal bones in racehorses: 224 cases (1986–1995)
Authors: Bassage Lance H. , Richardson Dean W. 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To determine type, distribution, and radiographic appearance of condylar fractures of the third metacarpal bone (MC-3) or third metatarsal bone (MT-3) in Thoroughbreds (TB), Standardbreds (SB), and Arabians, to assess long-term outcome of horses in which fractures were repaired surgically, and to identify variables associated with prognosis for return to racing.

Design
Retrospective study.

Animals
224 horses with 233 fractures.

Procedure
Medical records and radiographs obtained before and after treatment were reviewed. Racing performance before and after treatment was determined by reviewing race records.

Results
TB were overrepresented and SB were underrepresented, compared with the hospital population. Thoroughbreds had significantly more lateral condylar fractures and significantly more forelimb fractures than did SB. Thoroughbreds were less likely to race after treatment if they had complete, rather than incomplete, lateral condylar fracture or had concurrent proximal sesamoid bone fracture. Convalescent time for TB with medial condylar fractures of MT-3 was significantly longer than that for TB with lateral condylar fractures of MT-3.

Clinical Implications
Horses with condylar fractures of MC-3 and MT-3 that had minimal pathologic changes in the involved joint had a favorable prognosis for returning to racing after surgical treatment. Prognosis for horses with complete condylar fractures, particularly those with substantial pathologic changes in the involved joint, was worse. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1998;212: 1757–1764)
Evaluation of a commercially available vaccine against Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis for use in sheep
Authors: Piontkowski Michael D. , Shivvers Douglas W. 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To evaluate the efficacy of a commercially available bacterin-toxoid vaccine for preventing Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis-induced abscesses in sheep.

Design
Prospective randomized controlled trial.

Animals
31 mixed-breed sheep seronegative for C pseudotuberculosis.

Procedure
Sheep were randomly assigned to vaccinate (n = 20) or nonvaccinate (11; control) groups. Sheep in the vaccinate group received 2 doses of serial A or serial B bacterin-toxoid vaccine at 4-week intervals. Serologic testing was conducted after vaccination to document an antibody response to vaccination. All sheep were challenge inoculated with virulent C pseudotuberculosis organisms 32 weeks after the second vaccination. Twenty weeks after challenge inoculation, all sheep were examined for external and internal abscesses secondary to C pseudotuberculosis infection.

Results
Vaccinated sheep developed an antibody response to both components of the vaccine, as measured by use of ELISA tests. After challenge inoculation, vaccinated sheep had significantly less external, internal, and total abscesses than control sheep.

Clinical Implications
Vaccination of sheep with a commercially available bacterin-toxoid against C pseudotuberculosis could substantially decrease the prevalence and number of abscesses that form secondary to C pseudotuberculosis infection. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1998;212:1765–1768)
Agents, vehicles, and causal inference in bacterial foodborne disease outbreaks: 82 reports (1986-1995)
Authors: Petersen Kenneth E. , James William O. 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To examine the study design of, and the practice of causal inference in, investigations of bacterial foodborne disease outbreaks occurring in the United States and to summarize agents and vehicles identified.

Design
Retrospective study.

Procedure
An online medical reference database was searched for reports of bacterial foodborne disease outbreak investigations published between 1986 and 1995. Reports were retrieved and reviewed for use of 9 causal criteria in investigations Information on etiologic agents, vehicles, seasonality, and primary study design from each outbreak was also retrieved.

Results
82 reports were retrieved and reviewed Coherence, consistency, temporality, and strength of association were the causal criteria most commonly used in foodborne disease outbreak investigations. Coherence was used in all investigations. The number of criteria used ranged from 3 to 7. Meat (n = 20) and eggs (12) were the most commonly implicated vehicles. Salmonella sp and Escherichia coli 0157:H7 accounted for 55% of agents reportedly isolated. Cohort and case-control methods were the most common study designs.

Clinical Relevance
Patterns were found in the use of causal criteria in foodborne disease outbreak investigations. These criteria can provide veterinarians and other public health practitioners with a means to effectively conceptualize, communicate, and summarize causal conclusions. The 4 most commonly used criteria may represent core criteria that investigators consider most useful in explaining foodborne disease outbreaks. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1998:212:1874–1881)
Prognostic factors for dogs with granulomatous meningoencephalomyelitis: 42 cases (1982–1996)
Authors: Muñana Karen R. , Luttgen Patricia J. 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To assess signalment, clinical signs, results of CSF analysis, treatment, and survival times in dogs with granulomatous meningoencephalomyelitis (GME) and to identify factors associated with survival.

Design
Retrospective study.

Sample Population
Medical records of 42 dogs with GME.

Procedure
Information on signalment, neurolocalization, presence of focal or multifocal signs, results of CSF analysis, method of treatment, and time from onset of clinical signs to death was retrieved from medical records of each dog. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used to assess survival times. The Cox proportional hazards method was used to identify predictors of survival.

Results
Females and toy and terrier breeds were predisposed to GME. Half of the dogs had focal neurologic signs, and half had multifocal involvement. Clinical signs referable to the forebrain were most common with focal involvement, whereas signs referable to the forebrain and brainstem were most commonly seen with multifocal involvement. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis commonly revealed a mononuclear pleocytosis. Survival times ranged from 1 to > 1,215 days. Significant differences in survival times were demonstrated for the following factors: focal versus multifocal clinical signs, neurolocalization of focal signs, and treatment with radiation. Radiation was the only independent predictor of survival.

Clinical Implications
Dogs with signs suggesting focal involvement of GME tend to survive longer than those with multifocal involvement. Radiation is an effective treatment for dogs with GME, particularly those with clinical signs suggesting focal involvement. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1998;212:1902–1906)
Serum distemper virus and parvovirus antibody titers among dogs brought to a veterinary hospital for revaccination
Authors: McCaw Dudley L. , Thompson Mark , Tate Deborah , Bonderer Anita , Chen Yi-Ju 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To determine serum canine distemper virus (CDV) and canine parvovirus (CPV) antibody titers in healthy dogs brought to a veterinary hospital for revaccination.

Design
Case series.

Animals
122 dogs.

Procedure
Serum antibody titers were measured by means of hemagglutination inhibition (CPV titers) or serum neutralization (CDV titers) at the time dogs were brought to the hospital for revaccination. All dogs had been vaccinated between 271 and 1,665 days previously. Dogs were grouped by age, breed (purebred vs mixed breed), sex, and weight to determine whether these factors were associated with antibody titers. Serum CPV titers ≥ 1:80 and serum CDV titers ≥ 1:96 were considered protective.

Results
Breed, sex, and weight were not significantly associated with serum CPV and CDV titers. Age was significantly associated with CPV titer, with younger dogs having higher titers, but was not associated with CDV titer. Thirty-three of 122 (27%; 95% confidence interval, 19.0 to 34.9%) dogs had a less-than-protective CPV titer. Twenty-five of 117 (21%; 95% confidence interval, 13.6 to 28.4%) dogs had a less-than-protective CDV titer.

Clinical Implications
Results suggest that, on the basis of serum antibody titers, the current practice of annual revaccination of dogs against CPV and CDV infection should be maintained. Measurement of antibody titers to determine whether revaccination is truly needed would seem justifiable in those dogs that have previously had an adverse reaction to vaccination. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1998;213:72-75)
Preoperative variables affecting long-term outcome of triple pelvic osteotomy for treatment of naturally developing hip dysplasia in dogs
Authors: Rasmussen Lara Marie , Kramek Betty A. , Lipowitz Alan J. 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To determine whether preoperative radiographic evidence of degenerative joint disease (DJD), hip joint laxity, or age at surgery is associated with long-standing DJD or hip function in dogs with hip dysplasia (HD) that had a triple pelvic osteotomy (TRO).

Design
Prospective study.

Animals
34 dogs with HD.

Procedure
Dogs that had TPO performed during an 8-year period were chosen for long-term follow-up evaluation that included physical examinations, pelvic radiographs, and owner questionnaires. Data on radiographic evidence of DJD, Norberg angle, and percentage of femoral head coverage were retrieved from preoperative records and determined from follow-up radiographs.

Results
Approximately 40% of dogs had progression of DJD. Eighty-seven percent of dogs received excellent or good physical examination scores, and 76% received excellent or good at-home activity scores. Preoperative and long-standing DJD were not associated. The risk of DJD was increased with increased age at surgery, narrower preoperative Norberg angle, and lower percentage of femoral head coverage, but these variables were not associated with clinical hip function.

Clinical Implications
TPO for treatment of HD in dogs may slow, rather than stop, radiographic progression of DJD; however, clinical outcome is acceptable for most dogs. Preoperative evidence of DJD may not be a limiting criterion in selecting dogs as suitable TPO candidates. Dogs with extensive hip joint laxity before surgery may be predisposed to developing DJD; thus, the risk-to-benefit ratio for TPO versus salvage procedures should be considered. Younger dogs may develop less severe DJD after TPO; surgery should be considered at the first sign of hip joint laxity and pain. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1998;213:80-85)
Pneumothorax secondary to Dirofilaria immitis infection in two cats
Authors: Smith Jeffery W , Scott-Moncrieff J. Catharine , Rivers Bill J. 
Published: December 2023

Heartworm disease in cats should be considered as a differential diagnosis for cats with sudden signs of respiratory distress caused by pneumothorax.
A diagnosis of heartworm disease is made on the basis of clinical signs, serologic test results for heartworm antigen and antibodies, and radiographic and ultrasonographic findings.