bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PVC and LDPE for packing minimally processed garlic
Authors: Soares Nilda de Fátima Ferreira , Geraldine Robson M. , Pushmann Rolf , Teles César Silva 
Published: October 2002

AbstractMinimum processing associated with an adequate packing system has shown good results in preserving a large group of perishable horticultural produce. The present work was done to determine the effect of the number of layered of low‐density polyethylene (LDPE) or polyvinyl chloride (PVC) film on the quality of minimally processed packed garlic (Allium sativum), known for its short shelf‐life. Polystyrene trays containing 200 g garlic bulbils were wrapped in one to four layers of PVC or one or two layers of LDPE and stored at room temperature. Changes in weight, bulbil colouration, in‐package gas composition and apparent quality were monitored for 14 days. Best results were obtained by wrapping the packages in four layers of PVC film, with insignificant weight loss (5%), changes in colour tone and saturation, and the in‐pack atmosphere (O2 = 0.01% and CO2 = 13.5%) inhibited fungal growth, extending shelf‐life to 13 days at 25 ± 2°C. On the other hand, the high in‐package moisture in LDPE wrapping favoured fungal growth, rapidly depreciating bulbil quality. The shelf‐life of minimally processed garlic can be increased by maintaining an adequate in‐pack atmosphere, which can be achieved by using four layers of PVC or a another film of similar permeability. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
How the choice of container affects olive oil quality—a review
Authors: Tsimis D. A. , Karakasides N. G. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe standardization and packaging of olive oil, as of every edible product, is of decisive importance because it contributes to the preservation of quality at its highest possible level until its consumption. All the parameters involved from production to consumption, e.g. oxygen, light, temperature and transportation, are directly affected by the type of packaging. In this paper, some elements relative to the production and sales of olive oil are presented, followed by a description of the types of packaging (tinplate, plastic) and their influence on olive oil quality. Olive oil is mainly packed in tinplate and plastic containers. Tinplate containers, because of their advantages, still remain the best container type for edible oil packaging. Plastics, even though they have major advantages, e.g. their low price and low weight, have a negative environmental effect after their disposal and that seems to define their future. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Random dyadic tilings of the unit square
Authors: Janson Svante , Randall Dana , Spencer Joel 
Published: October 2002

AbstractA “dyadic rectangle” is a set of the formR= [a2−s, (a+ 1)2−s] × [b2−t, (b+ 1)2−t], wheresandtare nonnegative integers. A dyadic tiling is a tiling of the unit square with dyadic rectangles. In this paper we studyn‐tilings, which consist of 2nnonoverlapping dyadic rectangles, each of area 2−n, whose union is the unit square. We discuss some of the underlying combinatorial structures, provide some efficient methods for uniformly sampling from the set ofn‐tilings, and study some limiting properties of random tilings. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 21: 225–251, 2002
On the discrepancy of combinatorial rectangles
Authors: Alon Noga , Doerr Benjamin , Łuczak Tomasz , Schoen Tomasz 
Published: October 2002

AbstractLet ℬ︁ denote the family which consists of all subsets S1 × … × Sd, where Si ⊆ [n], and Si ≠ ∅︁, for i = 1, … , d. We compute the L2‐discrepancy of ℬ︁ and give estimates for the Lp‐discrepancy of ℬ︁ for 1 ≤ p ≤ ∞.© 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 21: 205–215, 2002
Problems and results on judicious partitions
Authors: Bollobás B. , Scott A. D. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractWe present a few results and a larger number of questions concerning partitions of graphs or hypergraphs, where the objective is to maximize or minimize several quantities simultaneously. We consider a variety of extremal problems; many of these also have algorithmic counterparts. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 21: 414–430, 2002
Augmenting panoramas with object movies by generating novel views with disparity‐based view morphing
Authors: Hung Yi‐Ping , Chen Chu‐Song , Tsai Yu‐Pao , Lin Szu‐Wei 
Published: October 2002

AbstractOur goal is to augment a panorama with object movies in a visually 3D‐consistent way. Notice that a panorama is recorded as one single 2D image and an object movie (OM) is composed of a set of 2D images taken around a 3D object. The challenge is how to integrate the above two sources of 2D images in a 3D‐consistent way so that the user can easily manipulate object movies in a panorama. To solve this problem, we adopt a purely image‐based approach that does not have to reconstruct the geometric models of the 3D objects to be inserted in the panorama. A critical issue of this method is how to generate the novel views required for showing an OM in different places of a panorama, and we have proposed a view morphing technique, called t‐DBVM, to solve this problem. Our experiments have shown that this purely image‐based approach can effectively generate visually convincing OM‐augmented panoramas. This method has great potential for many applications that require integration of panoramas and object movies, such as virtual malls, virtual museum, and interior design. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Layered lumigraph with LOD control
Authors: Tong Xin , Chai Jinxiang , Shum Heung‐Yeung 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe rendering performance of an image‐based rendering (IBR) system is determined by the number of images and the amount of geometrical information used. In this paper, we propose a layered lumigraph representation that is configured for optimized rendering performance based on the rendering platform (e.g., processor speed, memory) and output image resolution. The layered lumigraph is produced by classifying all pixels into a number of depth layers. Based on prior work on plenoptic sampling analysis, the layered lumigraph is constructed to achieve the same rendering quality along the minimum sampling curve by balancing the number of images and depth layers. For a given rendering platform, the best rendering performance can be obtained by choosing the optimal number of images and depth layers. Moreover, the layered lumigraph is capable of level‐of‐detail (LOD) control using the same image geometry trade‐off. Therefore, the layered lumigraph fully exploits the inherent constraints between the number of images, depth complexity, and output resolution. Finally, a backward warping technique is designed to efficiently render the layered lumigraph by taking advantage of texture mapping hardware. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tibolone versus four estrogen replacement therapy protocols and plasma lipid levels in postmenopausal women
Authors: Cetinkaya M.B. , Alper T. , Kokcu A. , Yanik F.F. , Malatyalioglu E. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractObjectives: To compare tibolone therapy with four different estrogen replacement therapy protocols, with regard to the effects on plasma lipid profiles. Methods: The plasma lipid levels of 178 postmenopausal women in five different therapy groups were compared with each other as well as their baseline levels with 6‐month intervals during 2‐year follow‐up. Student's t‐test, paired t‐test and Pearson correlation analysis were utilized for statistical analysis. Results: HDL cholesterol levels increased significantly from baseline in groups using oral estrogen (P<0.05) but a slight non‐significant decrease was seen in tibolone therapy (P>0.05). LDL cholesterol levels significantly decreased at the end of the second year in oral estrogen and tibolone users (P<0.05). Triglyceride levels increased non‐significantly with estrogen therapy (P>0.05), whilst decreased significantly in the tibolone group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Tibolone may be a good alternative to estrogen replacement therapy in postmenopausal women, as it has beneficial effects on LDL cholesterol and triglyceride levels, which play important role in atherosclerosis.
Low use of medication in home deliveries in the Netherlands
Authors: Schirm E. , Tobi H. , de Jong‐van den Berg L.T.W. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractObjectives: In view of the growing concern for de‐medicalizing childbirth, the aim of this study is to give detailed figures on the use of medication during home deliveries in the Netherlands. Methods: A prospective study of medication use by 68 community midwives during 716 home births in the Netherlands. Results: Medication was used in 58.4% of the home deliveries, with an average of 1.4 drugs per delivery. The drugs used were mostly oxytocin (in 35.6% of all deliveries) and local anesthetics (in 32.9%). When medication was used, it was administered before cutting the umbilical cord in 16.7% of the cases. Prophylactic or routine administration of local anesthesia, postpartum hemorrhages, and retained placenta were the most frequent indications for using medication. Conclusions: The use of medication during home deliveries in the Netherlands is low and newborns are minimally exposed to medication. This illustrates the Dutch birth culture, which tends to minimize the medical aspect of childbirth.
Three‐dimensional ultrasound in prenatal counselling of congenital talipes equinovarus
Authors: Mohammed N.B , Biswas A 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe fetus of a 35‐year‐old woman, gravida 5, para 3, was diagnosed with isolated left‐sided congenital talipes equinovarus on routine ultrasound at 22 weeks of gestation. Parents were counselled about the abnormality but still ultrasound pictures made it difficult for them to understand the nature of the defect. A three‐dimensional ultrasound scan helped the couple to understand the abnormality, make an informed choice—with self‐confidence—regarding pregnancy continuation, and plan for postnatal management.
Uterine artery embolization for the treatment of uterine leiomyomata
Authors: Messina M.L. , Bozzini N. , Halbe H.W. , Pinotti J.A. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractObjectives: To evaluate the results of the uterine artery embolization (UAE) for the treatment of uterine fibroids. Methods: Twenty‐six patients with ultrasonographic diagnosis of uterine leiomyomata were submitted to UAE with polyvinyl alcohol particles. Imaging and clinical follow‐up was performed before the procedure, at 3 months, and 1 year after. Results: All procedures but one were technically successful. Control of menorrhagia and pelvic pain were reported after UAE by 87.5% and 84.2% of patients, respectively. The initial medium uterine volume was 385 cm3, after 3 months 255 cm3 and after 1 year 202 cm3. The mean uterine volume decrease was 29% after 3 months and 41% after 1 year of follow‐up (P<0.001). Clinical and biochemical findings consistent with ovarian failure were observed in three patients (12% of the patients). Conclusions: UAE represents a new therapeutic approach in the treatment of uterine leiomyomata. The procedure appears effective in controlling symptoms and represents an alternative to hysterectomy.
The adaptation of soleus and edl in a rat model of distraction osteogenesis: IGF‐1 and fibrosis
Authors: De Deyne P. G. , Kinsey S. , Yoshino S. , Jensen‐Vick K. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe distraction rate of 0.5 mm/day produces good osteogenesis in small rodents; however, the effects of this distraction rate on muscle are not well documented. We evaluated the soleus and the extensor digitorum longus (EDL) after two weeks of lengthening distraction osteogenesis (DO) at 0.5 mm/day in skeletally mature rats. We found a modest but significant local increase of insulin like growth factor‐1 (IGF‐1) in the EDL, however, muscle growth indicated by developmental forms of myosin heavy chain (MHC) was not detected by mRNA (RT‐PCR). To the contrary, the data suggested a decrease in cross‐sectional area of the muscle fibers as well as a decrease in mRNA for slow MHC. Immunolabeling of fibronectin in cryosections of the EDL indicated fibrosis of the perimuscular connective tissue while assessment of the passive joint motion did not suggest a lack of excursion on the part of the dorsal flexors. While the literature suggests that IGF‐1 facilitates muscle growth especially in young animals, excess of IGF‐1 in muscle from adults may exacerbate DO‐induced fibrosis.© 2002 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
High‐pressure pulsatile lavage irrigation of contaminated fractures: effects on fracture healing
Authors: Caprise Peter A. , Miclau Theodore , Dahners Laurence E. , Dirschl Douglas R. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractTo evaluate the effects of high‐pressure pulsatile lavage (HPPL) irrigation on new bone formation and fracture union in a contaminated intraarticular fracture, 45 New Zealand white rabbits were divided into three equal groups. The control group (C) underwent an osteotomy of the medial femoral condyle, contamination with a slurry of clay mixed with Staphylococcus aureus, stabilization and closure. The bulb syringe and pulsatile groups (B and P) underwent an identical procedure, with the addition of irrigation with 1 1 of saline by bulb syringe or pulsatile lavage system. Two fluorescent bone stains that mark new bone formation were administered subcutaneously: xylenol orange at the time of surgery and calcein green one week postoperatively. Animals were euthanized two weeks postoperatively and femurs were retrieved for histological analysis. Union was determined by examination of microradiographs. The viability of bone along the osteotomy site in the first and second weeks after irrigation was determined by evaluation of the two fluorescent stains. The density of new bone two weeks after irrigation was assessed by digitization of the microradiographs. Nonunion was present in 77%, 53%, and 43% of animals in groups C, B, and P, respectively. There was an increase in the presence of bands of both fluorescent stains along the osteotomy site in the groups B and P compared to group C. There was no statistically significant difference between groups B and P in either fluorescent stain. On digitization of microradiographs, there was more calcified new bone on postoperative day 14 in group P than in either group B or C (p = 0.04). The addition of contamination and foreign material to an intraarticular fracture model results in lower rates of new bone formation and fracture union. Irrigation in this setting is clearly beneficial, whether the irrigant is delivered by bulb irrigation or by HPPL. The results of this study indicate using HPPL in this setting does not cause greater damage than using bulb syringe irrigation.© 2002 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Transplanted bone marrow cells localize to fracture callus in a mouse model
Authors: Devine Michael J. , Mierisch Cay M. , Jang Euichan , Anderson Peggy C. , Balian Gary 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBone marrow contains many cellular elements that may contribute to fracture repair. We used a pluripotential stromal cell in a mouse model to demonstrate the presence of transplanted cells in fracture hematoma and subsequently in maturing fracture callus. Cells were transduced with traceable genes (lac Z and neomycin resistance) and traced in vivo after intravenous injection into syngeneic mice. These transduced cells home to bone marrow, suggesting that they might be detected in fracture callus.Cells were injected intravenously into mice and stabilized femoral shaft fractures were induced. Control mice received intravenous lactated‐Ringer's solution prior to fracture. Callus tissue and marrow were examined histologically from 1 to 10 weeks after fracture to detect transplanted cells. Transplanted cells were detected in fracture callus in areas, and at times, of most active bone formation. Control specimens showed minimal staining of the callus tissue. Levels of the traceable gene in fracture callus increased, reached a peak between 3 and 4 weeks after fracture, then diminished and disappeared by 10 weeks post‐fracture as woven bone at the fracture site was replaced by lamellar bone with cells from the host mouse. The results show that pluripotent bone marrow cells home to the marrow after systemic injection and localize in fracture callus.© 2002 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
A potential mechanism for age‐related declines in patellar tendon biomechanics
Authors: Dressler M. R. , Butler D. L. , Wenstrup R. , Awad H. A. , Smith F. , Boivin G. P. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractInjuries to soft tissues such as tendons are becoming ever more frequent among the elderly. While increasing levels of activity likely contribute to these injuries, age‐related declines in tendon strength may also be important. Whether these declines in bio‐mechanical properties are associated with changes in fibril diameter or collagen type remains in question. In this study, age‐related changes were investigated in patellar tendons from young adult rabbits (1‐year old, n = 17) and from rabbits at the onset of senescence (4‐year old, n = 33). Patellar tendon biomechanics was correlated with both collagen fibril diameter and with the presence of type V collagen, a known regulator of collagen fibril diameter. We hypothesize that (a) aging from 1 to 4 years results in significant reductions in patellar tendon biomechanical properties, and (b) these age‐related declines are associated with smaller fibril diameters and with the presence of type V collagen. Maximum stress declined 25% between 1 and 4 years of age (100.7 ± 5.6 MPa and 74.3 ± 3.4 MPa, respectively, p < 0.0003) (mean ± SEM) and strain energy density declined 40% (p < 0.001). The distribution of collagen fibrils from 4‐year old rabbits was skewed significantly towards smaller diameters compared to fibrils from 1‐year old rabbits (p < 0.001). Type V collagen was observed only in the 4‐year old rabbit tendons. These correlations suggest that with increasing age after skeletal maturity, type V collagen may help to regulate the assembly and thus diameter of collagen fibrils and thereby adversely affect patellar tendon strength.© 2002 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Thoracolumbar spine mechanics contrasted under compression and shear loading
Authors: Frei Hanspeter , Oxland Thomas R. , Nolte Lutz‐P. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe mechanical properties of the human spine have been studied extensively in compression, but there remains a lack of fundamental data in shear. The overall goal of this study was to contrast the mechanics of the thoracolumbar functional spinal unit (FSU) under compression and shear‐type loads by evaluating endplate deformation, disc pressures, and kinematics between the different loading types. Eleven T12‐L1 and one L1‐L2 human FSUs were tested. Compression loads consisted of pure compression, extension‐compression, flexion‐compression, lateral left and right compression applied individually to a maximum of 500 N. Shear loading consisted of posterior, anterior, left, and right shear to a maximum of 500 N. Intervertebral motions, disc pressure, and vertebral body deformations were recorded for all loads. The deformations were measured using strain gauge rosettes at three points on the inferior vertebral body and one on the superior endplate of the inferior vertebra. The disc pressures and endplate deformations measured were significantly less in shear loading compared to compression and did not change significantly with the type of compression load. Vertebral rim strains were generally greater under shear loading compared with compression. The mechanics of load transfer in compression was the production of high disc pressures which were not linearly correlated with the central endplate deformation. In shear, the mechanism appears to be via the annulus fibrosus without the development of significant disc pressure. These differences between compression and shear loading may have implications for injury mechanisms in the thoracolumbar spine.
Effect of irrigation solutions for arthroscopic surgery on intraarticular tissue: Comparison in human meniscus‐derived primary cell culture between lactate Ringer's solution and saline solution
Authors: Shinjo Hirotaka , Nakata Ken , Shino Konsei , Hamada Masayuki , Nakamura Norimasa , Mae Tatsuo , Miyama Takahide , Horibe Shuji , Yoshikawa Hideki , Ochi Takahiro 
Published: October 2002

AbstractIn order to determine whether there is a difference in effect on cell morphology and function between two common arthroscopic irrigation solutions, primary cultures of cells derived from the surgically excised human menisci were incubated for 3 or 6 h in lactated Ringer's solution, isotonic sodium chloride solution, or serum‐free cell culture medium (negative‐control condition). Cell integrity was blindly evaluated by three independent examiners scoring photomicrographs of the cell cultures on a battery of five‐point scales for abnormality of cell shape, irregularity of cell membrane, change of cell size and cell density. Cell cultures were also quantitatively assayed by semi‐quantitative reverse‐transcription‐polymerase‐chain‐reaction for mRNA of α1 (I) procollagen, α1 (II) procollagen, aggrecan and heat‐shock protein 70 to assess functional consequences of exposure to the solutions. There was a statistically significant difference in cell integrity scores between either lactated Ringer's solution or serum‐free cell‐culture medium and isotonic sodium chloride solution with greater damage to cells displayed. Scores for lactated Ringer's solution did not differ from those for serum‐free cell‐culture medium. There were no significant differences in mRNA expression level among the treatment conditions. It was concluded that the lactated Ringer's solution better maintained human meniscus cell integrity than the isotonic saline.© 2002 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Increased content of type III collagen at the rupture site of human Achilles tendon
Authors: Eriksen Heidi A. , Pajala Ari , Leppilahti Juhana , Risteli Juha 
Published: October 2002

AbstractWe compared the type I and III collagen amounts and cross‐linked telopeptides at the rupture site and two other sites of the same tendon. Tendon samples of ten individuals with total Achilles tendon rupture and six healthy cadavers were collected. The newly synthesized type I and III procollagens were assessed by extracting the soluble propeptides PINP, PICP and PIIINP. The insoluble matrix was solubilized by heat denaturation and trypsin digestion. Hydroxyproline, the cross‐linked telopeptide structures of type I (ICTP and SP 4) and III collagens (IIINTP) and the degradation product of type III collagen (tryptic PIIINP) were measured from the digests.The type III collagen content was significantly increased at the rupture site when compared to control sites (5‐ and 12‐fold increased) or cadavers (5‐fold increased). No changes in the amounts of newly synthesized type I and III procollagens were observed. The ICTP content decreased and the SP 4/ICTP ratio increased along with ageing, suggesting a structural change in the type of cross‐link in the carboxyterminal telopeptide of type I collagen.Type III collagen has accumulated at the rupture site probably due to microtraumas and the subsequent healing process. The increased content of type III collagen can cause thinner collagen fibers, decrease the tensile strength and may finally result in total rupture of the tendon. The age‐related change in the nature of the cross‐link in the carboxyterminal telopeptide may contribute to this weakening.© 2002 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.