bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mortality risks associated with floods in 761 communities worldwide: time series study
Authors: Yang Zhengyu , Huang Wenzhong , McKenzie Joanne E , Xu Rongbin , Yu Pei , Ye Tingting , Wen Bo , Gasparrini Antonio , Armstrong Ben , Tong Shilu , Lavigne Eric , Madureira Joana , Kyselý Jan , Guo Yuming , Li Shanshan 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Objective
To evaluate lag-response associations and effect modifications of exposure to floods with risks of all cause, cardiovascular, and respiratory mortality on a global scale.

Design
Time series study.

Setting
761 communities in 35 countries or territories with at least one flood event during the study period.

Participants
Multi-Country Multi-City Collaborative Research Network database, Australian Cause of Death Unit Record File, New Zealand Integrated Data Infrastructure, and the International Network for the Demographic Evaluation of Populations and their Health Network database.

Main outcome measures
The main outcome was daily counts of deaths. An estimation for the lag-response association between flood and daily mortality risk was modelled, and the relative risks over the lag period were cumulated to calculate overall effects. Attributable fractions of mortality due to floods were further calculated. A quasi-Poisson model with a distributed lag non-linear function was used to examine how daily death risk was associated with flooded days in each community, and then the community specific associations were pooled using random effects multivariate meta-analyses. Flooded days were defined as days from the start date to the end date of flood events.

Results
A total of 47.6 million all cause deaths, 11.1 million cardiovascular deaths, and 4.9 million respiratory deaths were analysed. Over the 761 communities, mortality risks increased and persisted for up to 60 days (50 days for cardiovascular mortality) after a flooded day. The cumulative relative risks for all cause, cardiovascular, and respiratory mortality were 1.021 (95% confidence interval 1.006 to 1.036), 1.026 (1.005 to 1.047), and 1.049 (1.008 to 1.092), respectively. The associations varied across countries or territories and regions. The flood-mortality associations appeared to be modified by climate type and were stronger in low income countries and in populations with a low human development index or high proportion of older people. In communities impacted by flood, up to 0.10% of all cause deaths, 0.18% of cardiovascular deaths, and 0.41% of respiratory deaths were attributed to floods.

Conclusions
This study found that the risks of all cause, cardiovascular, and respiratory mortality increased for up to 60 days after exposure to flood and the associations could vary by local climate type, socioeconomic status, and older age.
Oculomotor palsy and drowsiness due to post-thrombectomy subarachnoid haemorrhage falsely suggesting transtentorial herniation
Authors: Palanikumar Logesh , Mahadevan Joshua , Kleinig Timothy 
Published: October 2023

IntroductionPost-thrombectomy subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) can result in oculomotor palsy and drowsiness, which may falsely suggest transtentorial herniation.Case presentationWe present a case of right oculomotor nerve palsy presenting after endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) for a right middle cerebral artery (MCA) stroke. The patient presented with a significant right MCA syndrome and a National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score of 10 with CT perfusion demonstrating a large penumbral lesion and a CT angiogram confirming a right MCA M1 occlusion. After thrombectomy, the patient developed a 9mm dilated non-reactive right pupil, and a new ipsilateral near-complete oculomotor nerve palsy. Repeat code stroke imaging demonstrated perimesencephalic SAH). The patient was managed expectantly and her conscious state and oculomotor palsy gradually resolved with an excellent neurological recovery.ConclusionThis case underscores the potential for post-thrombectomy perimesencephalic SAH as a rare mimic of symptomatic intracranial haemorrhage with mass effect manifesting as sudden-onset oculomotor nerve palsy.
Cohort profile: TheSmartSleep Study, Denmark, combining evidence from survey, clinical and tracking data
Authors: Rod Naja Hulvej , Andersen Thea Otte , Severinsen Elin Rosenbek , Sejling Christoffer , Dissing Agnete , Pham Vi Thanh , Nygaard Mette , Schmidt Lise Kristine Højsgaard , Drews Henning Johannes , Varga Tibor , Freiesleben Nina La Cour , Nielsen Henriette Svarre , Jensen Andreas Kryger 
Published: October 2023

PurposeTheSmartSleep Studyis established to comprehensively assess the impact of night-time smartphone use on sleep patterns and health. An innovative combination of large-scale repeated survey information, high-resolution sensor-driven smartphone data, in-depth clinical examination and registry linkage allows for detailed investigations into multisystem physiological dysregulation and long-term health consequences associated with night-time smartphone use and sleep impairment.ParticipantsTheSmartSleep Studyconsists of three interconnected data samples, which combined include 30 673 individuals with information on smartphone use, sleep and health. Subsamples of the study population also include high-resolution tracking data (n=5927) collected via a customised app and deep clinical phenotypical data (n=245). A total of 7208 participants are followed in nationwide health registries with full data coverage and long-term follow-up.Findings to dateWe highlight previous findings on the relation between smartphone use and sleep in theSmartSleep Study, and we evaluate the interventional potential of the citizen science approach used in one of the data samples. We also present new results from an analysis in which we use 803 000 data points from the high-resolution tracking data to identify clusters of temporal trajectories of night-time smartphone use that characterise distinct use patterns. Based on these objective tracking data, we characterise four clusters of night-time smartphone use.Future plansThe unprecedented size and coverage of theSmartSleep Studyallow for a comprehensive documentation of smartphone activity during the entire sleep span. The study has been expanded by linkage to nationwide registers, which allow for further investigations into the long-term health and social consequences of night-time smartphone use. We also plan new rounds of data collection in the coming years.
Reflections of nurses in the fight against COVID-19 in Hubei: a qualitative study
Authors: Xiaoxu Zhi , Pu Yalou , Li Xiaoli , Zhao Yun , Zhu Shuqin , Niu Niu , Zuo Jingfang , Meng Aifeng , Chiang Lichi 
Published: October 2023

ObjectivesTo explore the reflections and experiences of nurses who were deployed to the frontline to combat COVID-19 in Wuhan, China. In order to gain insights that can be useful in developing cultivating positive professional values and attitudes towards future public health emergencies.DesignQualitative study using semistructured interviews. Data were transcribed and analysed using the Colaizzi’s 7-step method. The study is reported in accordance with the consolidated Standards for Reporting Qualitative Research.SettingTelephonic interviews with nine participants who were deployed from Nanjing to Hubei Province for the fight against COVID-19.ParticipantsOf 11 volunteer nurses deployed to Hubei Province for the fight against COVID-19, two nurses did not finish the interview because of their working hours. The remaining nine were recruited through purposive sampling using the following criteria: nurses who were deployed at the first stage and those who verbally agreed and signed an informed consent form to participate in the study.ResultsThree thematic categories and subthemes that were identified from the analysis were as follows: (1) ‘Assertive attitude to fight against the pandemic’, included three subthemes: ‘Inner calling towards professional accountability for saving lives’, ‘Extrinsic support that facilitates the commitment to the nursing profession’ and ‘Holistic value ascribed to the nursing profession’. (2) ‘Challenges associated with the anti-pandemic mission’, included ‘overcoming challenges around the strict requirements for personal protection’ and ‘Fear and uncertainty over the rapid progression of the disease’. (3) ‘Unbearable heaviness and lightness of being a nurse’, with two subthemes: ‘the heavy crown of the anti-pandemic hero’ and ‘eternal reverence without regrets’.ConclusionsAs reflected by the nurses on frontline combating COVID-19, it was necessary to inculcate professional nursing values in them, as only their dedication and selflessness could improve humanity’s chances against the disease.
Swedish multimodal cohort of patients with anxiety or depression treated with internet-delivered psychotherapy (MULTI-PSYCH)
Authors: Boberg Julia , Kaldo Viktor , Mataix-Cols David , Crowley James J , Roelstraete Bjorn , Halvorsen Matthew , Forsell Erik , Isacsson Nils H , Sullivan Patrick F , Svanborg Cecilia , Andersson Evelyn H , Lindefors Nils , Kravchenko Olly , Mattheisen Manuel , Danielsdottir Hilda B , Ivanova Ekaterina , Boman Magnus , Fernández de la Cruz Lorena , Wallert John , Rück Christian 
Published: October 2023

PurposeDepression and anxiety afflict millions worldwide causing considerable disability. MULTI-PSYCH is a longitudinal cohort of genotyped and phenotyped individuals with depression or anxiety disorders who have undergone highly structured internet-based cognitive-behaviour therapy (ICBT). The overarching purpose of MULTI-PSYCH is to improve risk stratification, outcome prediction and secondary preventive interventions. MULTI-PSYCH is a precision medicine initiative that combines clinical, genetic and nationwide register data.ParticipantsMULTI-PSYCH includes 2668 clinically well-characterised adults with major depressive disorder (MDD) (n=1300), social anxiety disorder (n=640) or panic disorder (n=728) assessed before, during and after 12 weeks of ICBT at the internet psychiatry clinic in Stockholm, Sweden. All patients have been blood sampled and genotyped. Clinical and genetic data have been linked to several Swedish registers containing a wide range of variables from patient birth up to 10 years after the end of ICBT. These variable types include perinatal complications, school grades, psychiatric and somatic comorbidity, dispensed medications, medical interventions and diagnoses, healthcare and social benefits, demographics, income and more. Long-term follow-up data will be collected through 2029.Findings to dateInitial uses of MULTI-PSYCH include the discovery of an association between PRS for autism spectrum disorder and response to ICBT, the development of a machine learning model for baseline prediction of remission status after ICBT in MDD and data contributions to genome wide association studies for ICBT outcome. Other projects have been launched or are in the planning phase.Future plansThe MULTI-PSYCH cohort provides a unique infrastructure to study not only predictors or short-term treatment outcomes, but also longer term medical and socioeconomic outcomes in patients treated with ICBT for depression or anxiety. MULTI-PSYCH is well positioned for research collaboration.
Critical success factors for high routine immunisation performance: a qualitative analysis of interviews and focus groups from Nepal, Senegal, and Zambia
Authors: Sakas Zoe , Hester Kyra A , Ellis Anna , Ogutu Emily A , Rodriguez Katie , Bednarczyk Robert , Dixit Sameer , Kilembe William , Sarr Moussa , Freeman Matthew C 
Published: October 2023

ObjectivesVaccination averts an estimated 2–3 million deaths annually. Although vaccine coverage improvements across Africa and South Asia have remained below global targets, several countries have outperformed their peers with significant increases in coverage. The objective of this study was to examine these countries’ vaccination programmes and to identify and describe critical success factors that may have supported these improvements.DesignMultiple case study design using qualitative research methods.SettingThree countries with high routine immunisation rates: Nepal, Senegal, and Zambia.ParticipantsWe conducted 207 key informant interviews and 71 focus group discussions with a total of 678 participants. Participants were recruited from all levels, including government officials, health facility staff, frontline workers, community health workers, and parents. Participants were recruited from both urban and rural districts in Nepal, Senegal, and Zambia.ResultsOur data revealed that the critical success factors for vaccination programmes relied on the cultural, historical, and statutory context in which the interventions were delivered. In Nepal, Senegal, and Zambia, high immunisation coverage was driven by (1) strong governance structures and healthy policy environments; (2) adjacent successes in health system strengthening; (3) government-led community engagement initiatives, and (4) adaptation considering contextual factors at all levels of the health system.ConclusionsThroughout this project, our analysis returned to the importance of defining and understanding the context, governance, financing, and health systems within a country, rather than focusing on any one intervention. This paper augments findings from existing literature by highlighting how contextual factors impact implementation decisions that have led to improvements in childhood vaccine delivery. Findings from this research may help identify transferable lessons and support actionable recommendations to improve national immunisation coverage in other settings.
What is the existing evidence base for adult medical same day emergency care in UK NHS hospitals? A scoping review protocol
Authors: Dean Sue , Barratt Julian 
Published: October 2023

ObjectivesSame day emergency care (SDEC) is a new model of care, which has emerged over the past 5 years, building on prior ambulatory care services. The National Health Service (NHS) England National Strategy for SDEC suggests SDEC can meet local health needs by providing alternatives to emergency department attendance or hospital admission, for people with an urgent healthcare need, beyond the limited scope of an urgent treatment centre. This review focuses on acute medical SDEC, as medical patients represent a significant proportion of emergency admissions. The planned scoping review aims to map the existing evidence base.Methods and analysisThis is a protocol for a scoping review to be conducted in accordance with the format of the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) methodology for scoping reviews. The databases to be searched will include EMBASE, MEDLINE and CINAHL, via EBSCOhost. Sources of unpublished studies, policies and grey literature will include Google Scholar, the Cochrane Library, TRIP database, ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Open, and the Health Management Information Consortium. Papers relating to acute medicine adult patients attending NHS SDEC services in the UK will be included. International papers will be excluded, as will those over 5 years old, and those where full text is not available. The results of the search and study inclusion/exclusion process will be reported and presented in a Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) flow diagram. Data will be extracted from papers included in the scoping review by two reviewers, using a JBI data extraction tool. Any differences of opinion will be discussed until consensus is reached. If needed, a third reviewer will be asked to join the review team to achieve consensus. Data and themes extracted will be summarised and presented in tables. A narrative thematic summary will accompany the presented results, describing how the results relate to the review objective. Literature gaps will be identified and recommendations for future research made.Ethics and disseminationThere is no requirement for ethical approval for this scoping review. On completion, it will be published in a peer-reviewed academic journal and presented at a conference.
Associations of smoking and alcohol consumption with the development of open angle glaucoma: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Mahmoudinezhad Golnoush , Nishida Takashi , Weinreb Robert N , Baxter Sally L , Chang Aimee C , Nikkhoy Nicki , Walker Evan , Liebmann Jeffrey M , Girkin Christopher A , Moghimi Sasan 
Published: October 2023

ObjectivesTo investigate the associations of alcohol consumption and smoking with the development of perimetric glaucoma in patients with suspected glaucoma.DesignA retrospective cohort study of patients suspected to have glaucoma enrolled in the Diagnostic Innovations in Glaucoma Study (DIGS) and the African Descent and Glaucoma Evaluation Study (ADAGES).SettingThree tertiary glaucoma centres in the USA.Participants825 eyes of 610 patients with glaucoma suspect eyes with normal visual fields (VF) at baseline were followed over an average of 9 years from the DIGS and ADAGES studies.Outcome measuresDevelopment of glaucoma was defined as occurrence of three consecutive abnormal VF tests during follow-up. Univariable and multivariable Cox regression models were used to investigate lifestyle-related factors associated with development of VF loss over time.ResultsVF tests were abnormal three times in a row in 235 (28.5%) eyes. Alcohol consumption was associated with a higher risk of developing glaucoma (HR 1.57, 95% CI 1.03 to 2.38, p=0.037). In men, the risk of developing glaucoma in alcohol drinkers (HR 1.92, 95% CI 1.00 to 3.68, p=0.048) was greater than non-alcohol drinkers. In individuals of African descent, the risk of developing glaucoma in alcohol drinkers (HR 1.79, 95% CI 1.02 to 3.15, p=0.043) was greater than non-alcohol drinkers. Age was a modifier of the relationship between smoking and glaucomatous VF defects (p=0.048). The risk of developing glaucoma in smokers (HR 1.73, 95% CI 1.10 to 2.72, p=0.019) was greater than never smokers after adjustment for confounding factors in older patients (age >61 years).ConclusionAlcohol consumption was associated with an increased risk of developing glaucoma, particularly in men and individuals of African descent. The risk of developing glaucoma among smokers suspected of having glaucoma was influenced by age, with older individuals having a higher risk than younger people.Trial registration numberNCT00221897andNCT00221923.
Patient preferences for physical therapy programs after a lower extremity fracture: a discrete choice experiment
Authors: McKibben Natasha S , Marchand Lucas S , Demyanovich Haley K , Healey Kathleen M , Zingas Nicolas , O'Connor Katherine , Slobogean Gerard P , O'Toole Robert V , O'Hara Nathan N 
Published: October 2023

ObjectiveTo quantify patients’ preferences for physical therapy programmes after a lower extremity fracture and determine patient factors associated with preference variation.DesignDiscrete choice experiment.SettingLevel I trauma centre.ParticipantsOne hundred fifty-one adult (≥18 years old) patients with lower extremity fractures treated operatively.InterventionPatients were given hypothetical scenarios and asked to select their preferred therapy course when comparing cost, mobility, long-term pain, session duration, and treatment setting.Main outcome measuresA multinomial logit model was used to determine the relative importance and willingness to pay for each attribute.ResultsMobility was of greatest relative importance (45%, 95% CI: 40% to 49%), more than cost (23%, 95% CI: 19% to 27%), long-term pain (19%, 95% CI: 16% to 23%), therapy session duration (12%, 95% CI: 9% to 5%) or setting (1%, 95% CI: 0.2% to 2%). Patients were willing to pay US$142 more per session to return to their preinjury mobility level (95% CI: US$103 to US$182). Willingness to pay for improved mobility was higher for women, patients aged 70 years and older, those with bachelor’s degrees or higher and those living in less-deprived areas. Patients were willing to pay US$72 (95% CI: US$50 to US$93) more per session to reduce pain from severe to mild. Patients were indifferent between formal and independent home therapy (willingness to pay: −US$12, 95% CI: −US$33 to US$9).ConclusionsPatients with lower extremity fractures highly value recovering mobility and are willing to pay more for postoperative physical therapy programmes that facilitate returning to their pre-injury mobility level. These patient preferences might be useful when prescribing and designing new techniques for postoperative therapy.
Identification of multicultural learning experiences following an international cross campus medical student exchange programme between the UK and Malaysia: a qualitative study
Authors: Rothwell Charlotte , Guilding Clare , Veasuvalingam Bhavani , McKeegan Kenneth , Illing Jan 
Published: October 2023

ObjectivesIn an increasingly global society, there is a need to develop culturally competent doctors who can work effectively across diverse populations. International learning opportunities in undergraduate healthcare programmes show various benefits. In medical education, these occur predominantly towards the end of degree programmes as electives, with scant examples of programmes for preclinical students. This study set out to identify the multicultural learning experiences following an early year international medical student exchange programme between the UK and Malaysian campuses of one UK medical school.SettingTwo cohorts of international exchange programme for second year medical students in the UK and Malaysia.DesignInterpretivist qualitative design using semistructured interviews/focus groups with students and faculty.MethodsParticipants were asked about their learning experiences during and after the exchange. Data were recorded with consent and transcribed verbatim. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the data.ResultsFour themes were identified: (1) overall benefits of the exchange programme, (2) personal growth and development, (3) understanding and observing a different educational environment and (4) experiencing different healthcare systems.ConclusionThe international exchange programme highlighted differences in learning approaches, students from both campuses gained valuable learning experiences which increased their personal growth, confidence, cultural competence, giving them an appreciation of a better work–life balance and effective time management skills. It is often a challenge to prepare healthcare professionals for work in a global multicultural workplace and we would suggest that exchange programmes early on in a medical curriculum would go some way to addressing this challenge.