bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Profile of scientific argumentation of elementary school teachers using Toulmin’s Argumentation Pattern (TAP) in Physics concept of potable water sources
Authors: Pertiwi W A , Kusairi S , Kusumawati A D , Shanthie A P K , Haeruman L D 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis study aims to determine the profile of scientific argumentation in elementary school teachers by using Toulmin’s Argumentation Pattern (TAP) in the Natural Sciences chapter. This type of research used survey research with research subjects, namely 24 elementary school teachers. The instrument used was the PISA-Physics test on drinkable materials. Data analysis techniques using quantitative descriptive. The results of the scientific argumentation research of 24 teachers showed that 37.5% were entered as level 1 in the first question, and 59% were entered as level 1 in the second item. This is because the teacher only gives statements in the form of data and claims on the questions that have been given. The teacher has not been able to provide a strong rebuttal accompanied by evidence and support in accordance with Toulmin’s Argumentation Pattern (TAP).
Development of STEM project-based learning student worksheet for Physics learning on renewable energy topic
Authors: Muliyati D , Prastiawan F , Mutoharoh M 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This research is motivated by the development of education in the 21st-century, which demands students to master the 4C skills (creative thinking, critical thinking, collaboration, and communication), particularly in the field of physics. The nature of physics learning requires active and interactive teaching methods that can be implemented through project-based activities for students. One effective instructional media is the student worksheet designed based on STEM-PjBL (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics project-based learning) principles. This research aims to assess the suitability of STEM-PjBL student worksheets as a learning media, which can serve as a recommendation to assist teachers in teaching renewable energy topics. This study uses the ADDIE model to adopt the Research and Development (R&D) method. This research results in a STEM-PjBL student worksheet as a physics learning media to understand renewable energy topics. The STEM-PjBL student worksheet is expected to assist students in mastering 21st-century skills effectively.
The Modern Physics Practicum: Students creatively and critically thinking in the 21st-century competencies
Authors: Bakri F , Luthfiya A Q , Rahmawati D , Wati L 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The Physics Practicum is learning in the laboratory. The learning process in the laboratory must develop critical thinking skills and creativity. Modern physics practicum must be supported by modules that guide the formation of 21st-century competencies in learning abstract modern physics. Research and development of modern physics practicum modules using the Dick and Carrey stages. The Practicum Module was developed for constructivism learning. Students are guided in collecting data, processing data into graphs, reading and interpreting graphs, and finding data regularities so that they are able to build modern physics concepts that are practiced. The feasibility of the practicum module product was validated by experts using a questionnaire. The components assessed are the feasibility of the content, the feasibility of the learning process, and the feasibility of the media. The learning process in practicum module products includes the stages of forming 21st-century competencies, namely: the accuracy of the practicum stages, creativity in building measurable data tables, creativity in processing data and critically finding regular data forms, converting data tables into graphs, finding relationships between variables, so as to be able to build concepts modern physics put into practice. The feasibility of modern physics content reaches 94%, the feasibility of the learning process is 96.8%, and the eligibility of the media is 96.3%. Overall, this product is considered feasible to be used to build 21st-century competencies for students of physics education at universities.
Tate Duality in Positive Dimension over Function Fields
Authors: Rosengarten Zev 
Published: October 2023

We extend the classical duality results of Poitou and Tate for finite discrete Galois modules over local and global fields (local duality, nine-term exact sequence, etc.) to all affine commutative group schemes of finite type, building on the recent work of Česnavičius (“Poitou-Tate without restrictions on the order,” 2015) extending these results to all finite commutative group schemes. We concentrate mainly on the more difficult function field setting, giving some remarks about the number field case along the way.
Kelp forests collapse reduces understorey seaweed β-diversity
Authors: Piñeiro-Corbeira Cristina , Barrientos Sara , Provera Isabella , García Manuel E , Díaz-Tapia Pilar , Peña Viviana , Bárbara Ignacio , Barreiro Rodolfo 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background and Aims
Kelps are the primary foundation species in temperate subtidal rocky shores worldwide. However, global change is causing their decline with consequences for the organisms that rely on them. An accurate assessment of these consequences may depend on which attributes of the associated community are considered. This study shows that conventional α-diversity approaches may overlook some of these consequences compared to spatially explicit approaches such as with β-diversity.

Methods
A 1-year seasonal study was conducted to compare the macroalgal understorey between healthy reefs with a Laminaria ochroleuca canopy and degraded reefs where the canopy collapsed years ago due to excessive fish herbivory. At each reef, the understorey seaweed assemblage was recorded in five replicate quadrats to estimate α-diversity (total richness, species density, Shannon index) and β-diversity (intra- and inter-reef scale).

Key Results
The understorey assemblage exhibited a distinct seasonal dynamic in both healthy and degraded reefs. α-Diversity attributes increased in spring and summer; turf-forming algae were particularly dominant in degraded reefs during summer. β-Diversity also showed seasonal variability, but mostly due to the changes in degraded reefs. None of the α-diversity estimates differed significantly between healthy and degraded reefs. In contrast, spatial β-diversity was significantly lower in degraded reefs.

Conclusions
Although the loss of the kelp canopy affected the composition of the macroalgal understorey, none of the conventional indicators of α-diversity detected significant differences between healthy and degraded reefs. In contrast, small-scale spatial β-diversity decreased significantly as a result of deforestation, suggesting that the loss of kelp canopy may not significantly affect the number of species but still have an effect on their spatial arrangement. Our results suggest that small-scale β-diversity may be a good proxy for a more comprehensive assessment of the consequences of kelp forest decline.
Population-Level Alcohol Consumption and Homicide Rates in Latin America: A Fixed Effects Panel Analysis, 1961–2019
Authors: Escaño Guillermo J , Pridemore William Alex 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) possesses 8 per cent of the global population but approximately one-third of global homicides. The region also exhibits high per capita alcohol consumption, risky drinking patterns and a heterogeneous mix of beverage preferences. Despite this, LAC violence receives limited attention in the English-language literature and there are no studies of the population-level alcohol-homicide association in the region. We examined the effects on total, male and female homicide rates of total and beverage-specific alcohol consumption (22 nations, 1961–2019) and of risky drinking patterns (20 nations, 2005 and 2010). We collected homicide and alcohol data from the World Health Organization. Panel fixed effects models showed (1) per capita total and wine consumption were positively associated with total, male and female homicide rates, though effects were much stronger for males, (2) per capita beer consumption was positively associated with total and male homicide rates, (3) per capita spirits consumption was not associated with homicide rates, and (4) nations with riskier drinking patterns had higher total, male and female homicide rates than those with less risky drinking patterns.
EEG-based speaker–listener neural coupling reflects speech-selective attentional mechanisms beyond the speech stimulus
Authors: Li Jiawei , Hong Bo , Nolte Guido , Engel Andreas K , Zhang Dan 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
When we pay attention to someone, do we focus only on the sound they make, the word they use, or do we form a mental space shared with the speaker we want to pay attention to? Some would argue that the human language is no other than a simple signal, but others claim that human beings understand each other because they form a shared mental ground between the speaker and the listener. Our study aimed to explore the neural mechanisms of speech-selective attention by investigating the electroencephalogram-based neural coupling between the speaker and the listener in a cocktail party paradigm. The temporal response function method was employed to reveal how the listener was coupled to the speaker at the neural level. The results showed that the neural coupling between the listener and the attended speaker peaked 5 s before speech onset at the delta band over the left frontal region, and was correlated with speech comprehension performance. In contrast, the attentional processing of speech acoustics and semantics occurred primarily at a later stage after speech onset and was not significantly correlated with comprehension performance. These findings suggest a predictive mechanism to achieve speaker–listener neural coupling for successful speech comprehension.
Increased functional connectivity between the auditory cortex and the frontoparietal network compensates for impaired visuomotor transformation after early auditory deprivation
Authors: Song Li , Wang Pengfei , Li Hui , Weiss Peter H , Fink Gereon R , Zhou Xiaolin , Chen Qi 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Early auditory deprivation leads to a reorganization of large-scale brain networks involving and extending beyond the auditory system. It has been documented that visuomotor transformation is impaired after early deafness, associated with a hyper-crosstalk between the task-critical frontoparietal network and the default-mode network. However, it remains unknown whether and how the reorganized large-scale brain networks involving the auditory cortex contribute to impaired visuomotor transformation after early deafness. Here, we asked deaf and early hard of hearing participants and normal hearing controls to judge the spatial location of a visual target. Compared with normal hearing controls, the superior temporal gyrus showed significantly increased functional connectivity with the frontoparietal network and the default-mode network in deaf and early hard of hearing participants, specifically during egocentric judgments. However, increased superior temporal gyrus-frontoparietal network and superior temporal gyrus-default-mode network coupling showed antagonistic effects on egocentric judgments. In deaf and early hard of hearing participants, increased superior temporal gyrus-frontoparietal network connectivity was associated with improved egocentric judgments, whereas increased superior temporal gyrus-default-mode network connectivity was associated with deteriorated performance in the egocentric task. Therefore, the data suggest that the auditory cortex exhibits compensatory neuroplasticity (i.e. increased functional connectivity with the task-critical frontoparietal network) to mitigate impaired visuomotor transformation after early auditory deprivation.
Systematic review: oral and maxillofacial radiology as fundamental methods of virtual autopsy
Authors: Azizah Wilma N , Oscandar Fahmi , Damayanti Merry A 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Refusal of autopsy occurs for various reasons, including religious beliefs and the risk of infectious diseases such as coronavirus disease 2019. Dental autopsy involves invasive procedures, including incision and access openings in the oral cavity. Radiographic techniques can be used as an alternative to the conventional autopsy process in the field of forensic odontology, providing a non-invasive approach that does not involve tissue damage. The current study aimed to analyse the current status of the applicability of oral and maxillofacial radiology for virtual forensic odontological autopsy. A systematic review was conducted in accord with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis protocol. The literature search was conducted from December 2021 to October 2022 using the PubMed, ScienceDirect, and SAGE Journals databases. Article selection was carried out by eliminating duplication, screening titles and abstracts, and reading the entire content of the article. A thematic analysis method was used to identify themes in the collected data. A total of 15 articles were included, and several uses of oral and maxillofacial radiography in virtual autopsy and forensic odontology were identified. Four techniques were identified that can be used for virtual autopsy in forensic odontology. The use of computed tomography (CT) scanning for virtual autopsy was reported in six articles, cone beam CT was reported in five articles, magnetic resonance imaging was reported in two articles, and multidetector CT was reported in two articles. In the studies included in this review, the identified oral and maxillofacial radiograph techniques that are used as the fundamental methods of virtual autopsy in forensic odontology are CT scanning (including multidetector CT), cone beam CT, and magnetic resonance imaging. The different methods of oral and maxillofacial radiography for virtual autopsy were identified as having advantages as well as limitations in their use in forensic odontology. Most of the included studies indicated that the virtual autopsy approach cannot yet stand alone as an identification method, but provides a useful adjunct for gathering dental evidence.

Key points
Borehole fibre-optic seismology inside the Northeast Greenland Ice Stream
Authors: Fichtner Andreas , Hofstede Coen , Gebraad Lars , Zunino Andrea , Zigone Dimitri , Eisen Olaf 
Published: October 2023

SUMMARYIce streams are major contributors to ice sheet mass loss and sea level rise. Effects of their dynamic behaviour are imprinted into seismic properties, such as wave speeds and anisotropy. Here, we present results from a distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) experiment in a deep ice-core borehole in the onset region of the Northeast Greenland Ice Stream, with focus on phenomenological and methodological aspects. A series of active seismic surface sources produced clear recordings of the P and S wavefield, including internal reflections, along a 1500 m long fibre-optic cable that was placed into the borehole. The combination of nonlinear traveltime tomography with a firn model constrained by multimode surface wave data, allows us to invert for P and S wave speeds with depth-dependent uncertainties on the order of only 10 m s−1, and vertical resolution of 20–70 m. The wave speed model in conjunction with the regularly spaced DAS data enable a straightforward separation of internal upward reflections followed by a reverse-time migration that provides a detailed reflectivity image of the ice. While the differences between P and S wave speeds hint at anisotropy related to crystal orientation fabric, the reflectivity image seems to carry a pronounced climatic imprint caused by rapid variations in grain size. Further improvements in resolution do not seem to be limited by the DAS channel spacing. Instead, the maximum frequency of body waves below ∼200 Hz, low signal-to-noise ratio caused by poor coupling, and systematic errors produced by the ray approximation, appear to be the leading-order issues. Among these, only the latter has a simple existing solution in the form of full-waveform inversion. Improving signal bandwidth and quality, however, will likely require a significantly larger effort in terms of both sensing equipment and logistics.
CHCHD10 mutations induce tissue-specific mitochondrial DNA deletions with a distinct signature
Authors: Shammas Mario K , Nie Yu , Gilsrud Alexandra , Huang Xiaoping , Narendra Derek P , Chinnery Patrick F 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Mutations affecting the mitochondrial intermembrane space protein CHCHD10 cause human disease, but it is not known why different amino acid substitutions cause markedly different clinical phenotypes, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-frontotemporal dementia, spinal muscular atrophy Jokela-type, isolated autosomal dominant mitochondrial myopathy and cardiomyopathy. CHCHD10 mutations have been associated with deletions of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA deletions), raising the possibility that these explain the clinical variability. Here, we sequenced mtDNA obtained from hearts, skeletal muscle, livers and spinal cords of WT and Chchd10 G58R or S59L knockin mice to characterise the mtDNA deletion signatures of the two mutant lines. We found that the deletion levels were higher in G58R and S59L mice than in WT mice in some tissues depending on the Chchd10 genotype, and the deletion burden increased with age. Furthermore, we observed that the spinal cord was less prone to the development of mtDNA deletions than the other tissues examined. Finally, in addition to accelerating the rate of naturally occurring deletions, Chchd10 mutations also led to the accumulation of a novel set of deletions characterised by shorter direct repeats flanking the deletion breakpoints. Our results indicate that Chchd10 mutations in mice induce tissue-specific deletions which may also contribute to the clinical phenotype associated with these mutations in humans.
Full Exceptional Collections for Anticanonical Log del Pezzo Surfaces
Authors: Gugiatti Giulia , Rota Franco 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Motivated by homological mirror symmetry, this paper constructs explicit full exceptional collections for the canonical stacks associated with the series of log del Pezzo surfaces constructed by Johnson and Kollár in [33]. These surfaces have cyclic quotient, non-Gorenstein, singularities. The construction involves both the $\operatorname {GL}(2,{\mathbb {C}})$ McKay correspondence, and the study of the minimal resolutions of the surfaces, which are birational to degree two del Pezzo surfaces. We show that a degree two del Pezzo surface arises in this way if and only if it admits a generalized Eckardt point, and in the course of the paper we classify the blow-ups of ${\mathbb {P}}^{2}$ giving rise to them. Our result on the adjoints of the functor of Ishii–Ueda [32] applies to any finite small subgroup of $\operatorname {GL}(2,{\mathbb {C}})$.
Estimation of the Time-Varying Effective Reproductive Number of COVID-19 Based on Multivariate Time Series of Severe Health Outcomes
Authors: Young Benjamin R , Ho Faith , Lin Yun , Lau Eric H Y , Cowling Benjamin J , Wu Peng , Tsang Tim K 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The time-varying effective reproduction number (Rt at time t) measures the transmissibility of SARS-CoV-2 and is conventionally based on daily case counts, which may suffer from time-varying ascertainment. We analyzed Rt estimates from case counts and severe COVID-19 (intensive care unit admissions, severe or critical cases, and mortality) across 2022 in Hong Kong's fifth and sixth waves of infection. Within the fifth wave, the severe disease–based Rt (3.5) was significantly higher than the case-based Rt (2.4) but not in the sixth wave. During periods with fluctuating underreporting, data based on severe diseases may provide more reliable Rt estimates.
β-Lactams plus doxycycline versus azithromycin for treatment of severe community-acquired pneumonia in critically ill patients
Authors: Greco Kinney Alexandra , Kovacic Scherrer Nicole , Sarkar Sauradeep , Jain Pranav , Wen Sijin , Hadique Sarah 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Objectives
Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a significant source of hospital admissions and mortality. Atypical organisms are implicated in up to 40% of cases of CAP diagnoses. We studied the difference in outcomes of severe CAP patients treated with doxycycline versus azithromycin in addition to β-lactam therapy.

Patients and methods
This was a prospective observational cohort study from March 2020 to July 2022 in a medical ICU (MICU) of an academic quaternary medical center. Adults ≥18 years admitted to the MICU receiving doxycycline or azithromycin in addition to β-lactam therapy for the treatment of CAP were included for analysis. The primary outcomes were in-hospital and 30 day mortality. Secondary outcomes were ICU and hospital length-of-stay, 30 day readmission, days of mechanical ventilation, escalation and duration of antibiotics, adverse effects such as Clostridioides difficile infection and QTc prolongation.

Results
Sixty-three patients were in the azithromycin group and eighty-six patients in the doxycycline group. Both groups had similar APACHE IV and CURB-65 scores. The mean Charlson Comorbidity Index score was higher for the doxycycline group compared with the azithromycin group (P = 0.04). There was no statistically significant difference in in-hospital and 30 day mortality between the groups (P = 0.53, P = 0.57). There were no significant differences in any of the secondary outcomes.

Conclusions
MICU patients with severe CAP who received doxycycline versus azithromycin in addition to β-lactam treatment showed no significant differences in outcomes. These data offer support for inclusion of doxycycline as an alternative regimen in current IDSA recommendations.