bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pedagogy and Culture
Authors: Lancy David F. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractSince the founding of the American Educational Research Association in 1916, the field of education—schooling, curricula, teaching, and learning—has been supported by a well-funded and scientifically based effort to document and analyze practice and theory. These ideas were exported around the globe via the replication of Western-style schools using pedagogy from the same source (institutionalized public basic schooling). The success or failure of that effort to transform Indigenous communities is not our prime concern. Rather, it is to argue for the belated study and analysis of the Indigenous pedagogy practiced in communities before the Western model became the norm. This study is buttressed by the very catholic nature of the data corpus ranging from classic fiction (Dickens in this case) to highly focused quantitative studies of the physical skills required of a successful bow hunter. The work draws primarily on work in anthropology, archaeology, history, and cultural psychology, and thereby relies on open lines of communication among subdisciplines that are not as integrated as they might be. This multidisciplinary approach yields insights not accessible to more narrowly focused scholars or interested laypersons. The book’s primary aim is to weave these strands of evidence into a model or models of pedagogy that are distinctly different than the model or models found today in Western, educated, industrialized, rich, democratic) society.
Babies as Students?
Authors: Lancy David F. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis chapter will review the research on parent–infant interaction that leads scholars to claim teaching is the first and paramount means of socializing children. Following the review of Western, educated, industrialized, rich, democratic (WEIRD) research and popular opinion, the chapter will conduct a complementary analysis of literature on Indigenous communities whose parenting ethnotheories do not encompass teaching. Mother–infant interaction may not include baby talk or motherese; infants may rarely be held en face; the infant’s bids for attention (via pointing) may be ignored; and parents may not engage infants in interaction with objects. On the contrary, a widespread ethnotheory posits that “good” infant care requires frequent, quiet feeding followed by a restful interlude. Nearly continuous physical contact between the infant and others contrasts with the WEIRD pattern of more distal relations bridged by frequent infant-directed verbalization. WEIRD parent–child speech patterns are predicated on an assumption that the infant is a complete person from birth and that all the adult capacities are present in nascent form to be stimulated and scaffolded by special speech forms as necessary. In contrast, most societies withhold fully human status at least until the child is mobile and has acquired speech. The guiding ethnotheory targets an end state where the child develops a collectivist or interdependent character primed to “fit in” to the group as contrasted with the WEIRD-worthy “individualist.” The parent–child interaction and speech patterns elicited by anthropologists show how societies shape children to fulfill these differing aspirations.
The Self-Starting Learner
Authors: Lancy David F. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe pedagogy that is detailed in this chapter features the child’s innate tendencies to observe carefully, to eavesdrop on conversations, to imitate others, and to play with and learn to use commonplace objects like tools. These inherited abilities are the foundation upon which Indigenous pedagogy is built. Systems of childcare, social relations, and subsistence are open and transparent. Communities freely provide access to the raw material children need to make sense of their world and to become helpful and accepted community members. Deliberate instruction is not, except under limited circumstances, considered necessary or efficacious. Adults encourage and invite children to accompany excursions that take them beyond the home and neighborhood. Children are processing all this novelty is their inevitable efforts to replicate or imitate what they’ve observed. The child’s initiative in play is accommodated by the community by the provision of child-sized canoes and paddles; among forest dwellers, would-be-hunters practice with smaller bow and arrows supplied by an older sibling; would-be-foragers dig for tubers with donated digging sticks made to size.
Everyday Classrooms
Authors: Lancy David F. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract“Everyday classrooms” implies routines that play out regularly in the village, which, incidentally, function as rich opportunities for learning. The “classroom” might be an irregular area in the village or camp that has been cleared of vegetation (thus reducing the incursion of snakes and insects). This area might serve as a gathering place for socializing adults and a temporary workshop where grain is spread to dry or fishing nets are repaired. At night it might be the scene of dancing around a bonfire. These exciting activities draw child spectators and eager helpers. The presence of adults, including those too old to forage or do field work, provides vigilant sentinels alert to injury and mayhem. Young children and their sib-caretakers will spend the greater part of the day playing on and near this space, which the Kpelle call the “mother ground” and the Mbuti bopi. Another everyday classroom is the workshop where experts practice their art in full view of children who replicate what they have observed in play and, gradually, take on a more active part in the work. These include, notably, sites where stone tools were made by prehistoric humans.
Intergenerational Resource Distribution
Authors: Finneron-Burns Elizabeth 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This chapter answers one component of the content question: how much must we conserve for future generations? First it considers and rejects relational and telic versions of intergenerational egalitarianism, as well as existing accounts of strict and moderate sufficientarianism. It argues that a contractualist should endorse a form of what I call ‘reason-balanced sufficientarianism’ whereby the farther one is below the sufficiency threshold, the stronger their claims for assistance. However, while being below sufficiency is a very strong reason to demand assistance, it is not a ‘trump’. This means that while in general the fact that a person is below sufficiency presents them with a very strong reason to reject principles that do not assist them in achieving sufficiency, other reasons may sometimes prevail. The chapter uses reason-balanced sufficientarianism to develop three principles of intergenerational resource distribution.
Introduction
Authors: Cohen Signe 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This chapter gives a brief introduction to the Upaniṣads and discusses the etymology and meaning of the term “Upaniṣad” itself. It introduces both the central religious and philosophical themes of these texts as well as some of the characteristics of the Upaniṣads as a genre. The chapter discusses the different types of texts called “Upaniṣads” and how they differ from other Hindu sacred texts. The chapter further describes the affiliation of each Upaniṣad with Vedic schools of textual transmission (śākhā) and shows why an understanding of each text’s śākhā affiliation helps us understand the main ideas contained in the text.
Ideal Partner Characteristics in the 21st Century
Authors: Brumbaugh Claudia C. , Doherty Jaclyn K. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This chapter reviews literature on mate preferences and interpersonal attraction since 2000, comparing historical and current preferences. Attraction and romance have been affected to some degree by greater egalitarianism between the sexes over time. Meanwhile, many preferences remain consistent, including those that may seem egotistical or shallow, such as people’s desire for physical beauty, resources/status, and similarity to oneself. Preferred characteristics in mates range from potentially problematic features (e.g., risk-taking and dark triad traits) to beneficial qualities (e.g., intelligence, altruism, sense of humor). These preferences often depend on one’s environment, physical health, economic situation, age, and gender. The chapter argues that attraction preferences that are based on social norms shift more rapidly than those rooted in evolutionary processes. Preferences of non-heterosexual people are also considered, and future directions pertaining to nontraditional relationship types and the COVID-19 pandemic are discussed.
Cohabitation Versus Marriage
Authors: Sassler Sharon 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Over the past five decades, unmarried cohabitation has become widely accepted—even normative—among Americans. Support for cohabitation has increased among many groups, from teenagers to elders. In fact, most first coresidential romantic unions are cohabitations rather than marriages. Yet while the majority of American adults will enter a cohabiting union, most cohabiting unions do not lead to marriage, and the shares of those engaging in serial cohabitation are rising. Whereas many young adults in the 20th century viewed cohabitation as a stepping stone to marriage, in the 21st century cohabitation increasingly serves as an intensive form of dating—at least at its inception. The pathways into marriage from cohabitation differ in important ways by social class, highlighting how union formation contributes to growing levels of inequality.
Sexuality in the 21st Century
Authors: Jovanovic Jasna , Williams Jean Calterone 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Emerging adulthood is an important period for sexuality development. This chapter reviews trends in sexual behavior that show some consistency over time but also reveal new dynamics in how young adults experiment with various forms of casual sexual relationships. Hookups, friends-with-benefits relationships, and the use of social media all relate to current aspects of sexual behavior. This chapter employs feminist and queer theories to examine the ways gender, sexual agency, and fluidity in sexual identities impact emerging adults’ sexual behavior. As young adults explore new ways of expressing sexual and gender identities, they demonstrate the limitations imposed by heteronormativity and homonormativity. The chapter makes the case that fluidity in gender and sexual identities shapes the context for interpreting trends in sexual and relationship choices and behaviors.
Adoption and Relationships in the 21st Century
Authors: Pinderhughes Ellen E. , Lee Seungmi M. , Smith Madeline C. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
With deep historical roots, adoption in the 21st century has shifted with changing times and mores. Adoptive families are diverse with respect to type of adoption (private, public/through foster care, intercountry), adoptees’ race/ethnicity and match to that of parents, gender identity and/or family members’ sexual/romantic orientation, and degree of contact with birth families. Adoptive families raise children in the context of community, local, national, and international values, policies, and practices, often navigating insensitive or invalidating comments. This chapter will cover critical themes such as adoptive identity, adoption socialization—how parents support adoptees’ adoption-related identity development and ethnic-racial socialization—how parents support identity development needs of adoptees of color, boundary management, navigating contact with birth parents, and adoptees as parents. We examine influences of 21st-century realities such as social media, global connections, and developments in adoption clinical practice that shape domestic and international adoption policies and practices.
Close Relationships and Mental Health
Authors: Esplin Charlotte R. , Hatch S. Gabe , Braithwaite Scott R. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Relationships have been described as the “keystone” of human functioning, as they have been found to be associated with both greater levels of subjective well-being and fewer symptoms of depression, anxiety, psychotic disorders, and substance use. This chapter focuses on why relationships matter, the association between close relationships and mental health, where relationships and mental health problems become intertwined, and how relationship functioning can be improved. Two opposing hypotheses have sought to explain this finding. On one hand, proponents of the experience hypothesis argue that a strong relationship is associated with better mental health outcomes, while on the other hand, proponents of the selection hypothesis argue that mentally healthy individuals select into marriages at a greater rate than mentally ill counterparts. The chapter examines the research on these two hypotheses and outlines a model for how relationships affect mental health, or vice versa. Then, it looks at specific psychopathologies and relationship quality in the context of the experience hypothesis and selection hypothesis and explores the role that broad personality factors play in mental health and relationship outcomes. Much research explicates the negative relationship between neuroticism and relationship quality, and the authors explore the specific mechanisms of interpersonal and intrapersonal pathways of neuroticism. Lastly, they review the research that shows that treating a troubled relationship is just as effective, if not more effective, than simply treating symptoms of mental illness. Finally, the chapter outlines some of the most efficacious treatment modalities for couples who are experiencing symptoms of mental illness.
Four Principles
Authors: Beale Charles W. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This chapter argues that while great work continues in current choral singing, overall it has lost sight of its purpose. The chapter defines that purpose in terms of four principles. The first is that all artistic practice is about people, and the primary function of choral singing is to create connection. Second, for choral singing to be successful, it needs to have impact by creating change in the communities of singers and listeners who engage with it. The third principle is social justice, which can be achieved through integrating the daily practice of equity and inclusion into the artistic work and social spaces of choirs. The fourth, stylistic openness, proposes a radically non-canonical approach to repertoire and programming. The function of choral singing becomes making an impact by connecting the full diversity of people through song by any stylistic means necessary.
Vocal Sound
Authors: Beale Charles W. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This chapter critiques the use of classical vocal sound in non-classical contexts. It examines definitions of good vocal sound in choral singing and suggests they can be stylistically narrow and exclude BIPOC and other singers from many vocal traditions, limiting connection and impact. Science-based advances in vocal pedagogy have enabled new understandings of how singers can use the voice safely, enjoyably, and with high levels of sophistication in a wide range of styles. Examples include larynx position, fold mass, onsets, diction, and vibrato. Drawing on the work of James Jordan and Jo Estill, warm-up workshops demonstrate how stylistically neutral approaches to vocal pedagogy have given choral directors new tools with which to support choral singers in producing a range of vocal sound at every level of choral education. Current and future choral directors need new training and program design, to improve skills and change attitudes toward singing in popular styles.
Programming, Repertoire, and Show Design
Authors: Beale Charles W. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This chapter opens with three models of creative practice, as tools to support programming, show design, and repertoire choice. The text then demonstrates how those models might be implemented via a detailed examination of two programs on contrasting themes. One was a singalong show and the other a about a social issue affecting the lives of many LGBTQIA+ people. The text breaks down the very different programming processes of both, lays out strategies used, and goes through repertoire and design choices, alongside the rationales that underlie them. Two longer practical workshops then offer the chance to apply those same programming strategies to your own choir’s work. Common issues are identified, including programming clichés, creating good flow, and ensuring programs have impact by being stylistically open, equitable, and reflecting the needs of the community ecosystem that surrounds your group.
Teaching and Learning in Rehearsal
Authors: Beale Charles W. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This chapter is about how choral directors can use teaching and learning strategies in rehearsal to make it a place of connection, effective and inclusive learning, and impactful music-making, that facilitates growth and change in whole people as well as in their singing. The text discusses learning style, the relationship between formal and informal learning, and the way in which principles of connection, impact, social justice, and stylistic openness can be integrated into teaching and learning as the rehearsal process unfolds. Workshops in this chapter are organized in four batches, around the journey a choir takes toward a show. They start at the warm-up, move through the initial teaching of a piece to the reviewing, running, and refining phase, and finish with final performance preparations. Learning and rehearsing by ear and from notation is a recurring theme.
Directing and Leading a Choral Community
Authors: Beale Charles W. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This chapter explores how a choral director leads. The first half examines the personal and organizational aspects of directing and leading a choral community, and the second focuses specifically on leading music-making. The connected artistic leader leads from the center. They build coalitions, using their two-way relationships to facilitate collaborative in-the-moment interactions in and around the music-making, with singers, audiences, stakeholders, and other leaders. They are managed in ways that challenge them and enable them to grow as artists. They offer fellowship, empowerment, and a safer space to singers of all social and economic backgrounds, in both the social practices and the musical practices of the group. In directing non-classical styles and, for example, working with rhythm sections, the same ability to collaborate, stand back and let others lead in teams leads to authentic and empowering music-making, and can bring new voices to the table.
An Activist Vision for Choral Singing
Authors: Beale Charles W. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Conclusions from previous chapters are summarized and organized around the idea that the purpose of choral singing is to facilitate change, and that choral singing is ripe for change itself. For such change to occur, the chapter argues for an activist vision for choral singing, characterized by persistence, striving, and taking action through and around music-making, all of which are already characteristics of a choral director’s work. The chapter demonstrates how this activist stance can then be applied both to the musical and social practices of choirs in our new era of activism. The chapter ends with four statements. These include that the arts should be centrally and equitably important all our lives; that choirs should be interactive and flexible, singing in all kinds of styles in all kinds of spaces; that the musical and educational skills of choral directors should be updated; and that choral singing embodies community and change.
Calls to Action
Authors: Beale Charles W. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
In this short final chapter, a series of calls to action offer choral directors next steps—concrete things to do with their choirs as they begin to transform. Calls to action on connection provide specific strategies for building deeper personal, community, and organizational relationships. A set on impact focuses on story-telling, sharing through audio and video, and prioritizing your art. A collection of specific actions across both social and musical practices are identified that will facilitate social justice goals. To be more stylistically open, calls to action include widening the community of musicians you work with, spending more time listening to music, researching new repertoire from new places, finding out your singer favorites, doing more improvising, and developing the skills as a choral director to create a wider range of vocal sound with your group.
Introduction
Authors: Nichols Shaun S. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Industrial Massachusetts is often used as a classic example of “rust-belt” decline: a place that flowered in America’s industrial heyday only to be left to rust as the industrial epicenter of the United States shifted southward and, ultimately, out of the United States altogether. This book tells a very different story. Tracing the successive rise and fall of the Massachusetts whaling, textile, garment, electronics, and high-tech industries over the past 200 years, it explores how Massachusetts business, labor, and political leaders repeatedly mobilized the lure of crisis itself—in everything from cheap workers and slashed tax rates to low rents and high manufacturing subsidies—to pull and push both capital and workers across the continents and rebuild shattered economies.
Economies in Motion
Authors: Nichols Shaun S. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
In the early nineteenth century, the whaling industry brought immense wealth to the city of New Bedford and the Massachusetts South Coast. The industry’s collapse over the course of the 1860s would launch the area into a spiraling crisis. As capital and labor fled New Bedford’s whaling ships and wharves, desperate municipal leaders sought to transform the city into a textile manufacturing center. Economic crisis in the Whaling City not only fostered local governments eager to do almost anything to spur industrial development—slashing taxes, cutting welfare rolls, and building infrastructure—but it also gifted textile capitalists with the massive labor force that whaleships had helped carry to Massachusetts a generation earlier. Through the fires of economic catastrophe, the first generation of mass manufacturing arose in South Coast Massachusetts.
Un-Making Industrial Massachusetts
Authors: Nichols Shaun S. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This chapter traces the origins and consequences of textile deindustrialization in South Coast Massachusetts. Deindustrialization was not an inevitable product of industrial maturation, widening wage differentials, or global competition. Instead, certain workers (and certain business leaders) made deliberate choices that led to industrial collapse. While some workers pursued expansive organizing drives in the hope of undercutting the lure of capital mobility, many skilled workers remained committed to craft insularity and local autonomy. While some elite textile mill operators—realizing that they could readily liquidate their mills or move elsewhere—refused to tackle thorny problems like market saturation or outdated technology, a much larger group of business operators sought to preserve northern industry. Labor and capital never spoke with one voice. The internal conflicts among them would prove decisive in causing industrial catastrophe.