bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Psychological interventions to improve pain, fatigue, anxiety, depression, and quality of life in children and adults with hypermobility spectrum disorders and Ehlers-Danlos syndrome: a systematic review
Authors: Clark Natalie L. , Kainth Gurvinder Singh , Johnson Melissa , Rangan Amar , Kottam Lucksy , Swainston Katherine 
Published: December 2023

AbstractHypermobility spectrum disorders (HSD) affect individuals across physical, psychological and social domains, making assessment and management difficult. Management for this condition primarily focuses on addressing the musculoskeletal complaints using physiotherapy rather than the additional manifestations such as fatigue, anxiety and depression. This systematic review aims to identify psychological interventions and assess whether they improve the lived experiences of individuals with HSD. It also aims to assess which psychological interventions were most effective, which symptoms were most effectively managed by a psychological intervention, and whether there were differences between children and adults. Studies were included if they were a randomised controlled trial or pre/post-test design, a sample of any age and clinical diagnosis of HSD (including Ehlers-Danlos syndrome), used a psychological intervention and assessed the effect of the intervention on lived experiences using appropriate outcome measures. Risk of bias was assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. The results were narratively synthesised. Six studies were included in the review, one isolated psychological intervention and five incorporated a psychological intervention within a multidisciplinary programme. The interventions predominantly aimed to reduce pain including intensity, interference, pain-related fear and catastrophising, with anxiety and depression, affect, daily living, fatigue also being evaluated. The most beneficial psychological interventions were those delivered alongside physiotherapy in an outpatient or community setting, improving both the physical and psychological aspects of pain, subsequently improving quality of life. However, there lacks randomised controlled trials with larger samples to definitively confirm the significant findings discussed in this review.
Application of organoids in otolaryngology: head and neck surgery
Authors: Zhu Hai , Qu Siyuan , Deng Yongqin , Gong Mengdan , Xiang Yizhen , Teng Yaoshu , Ye Dong 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this review is to systematically summarize the application of organoids in the field of otolaryngology and head and neck surgery. It aims to shed light on the current advancements and future potential of organoid technology in these areas, particularly in addressing challenges like hearing loss, cancer research, and organ regeneration.

Methods
Review of current literature regrading organoids in the field of otolaryngology and head and neck surgery.

Results
The review highlights several advancements in the field. In otology, the development of organoid replacement therapies offers new avenues for treating hearing loss. In nasal science, the creation of specific organoid models aids in studying nasopharyngeal carcinoma and respiratory viruses. In head and neck surgery, innovative approaches for squamous cell carcinoma prediction and thyroid regeneration using organoids have been developed.

Conclusion
Organoid research in otolaryngology—head and neck surgery is still at an early stage. This review underscores the potential of this technology in advancing our understanding and treatment of various conditions, predicting a transformative impact on future medical practices in these fields.
Deconstructing depression by machine learning: the POKAL-PSY study
Authors: Eder Julia , Pfeiffer Lisa , Wichert Sven P. , Keeser Benjamin , Simon Maria S. , Popovic David , Glocker Catherine , Brunoni Andre R. , Schneider Antonius , Gensichen Jochen , Schmitt Andrea , Musil Richard , Falkai Peter ,   for the POKAL Group, Dreischulte Tobias , Henningsen Peter , Bühner Markus , Biersack Katharina , Brand Constantin , Brisnik Vita , Ebert Christopher , Gökce Feyza , Haas Carolin , Kaupe Lukas , Raub Jonas , Reindl-Spanner Philipp , Schillock Hannah , Schönweger Petra , von Schrottenberg Victoria , Vukas Jochen , Younesi Puya , Jung-Sievers Caroline , Krcmar Helmut , Lukaschek Karoline , Lochbühler Kirsten , Pitschel-Walz Gabriele 
Published: December 2023

AbstractUnipolar depression is a prevalent and disabling condition, often left untreated. In the outpatient setting, general practitioners fail to recognize depression in about 50% of cases mainly due to somatic comorbidities. Given the significant economic, social, and interpersonal impact of depression and its increasing prevalence, there is a need to improve its diagnosis and treatment in outpatient care. Various efforts have been made to isolate individual biological markers for depression to streamline diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. However, the intricate and dynamic interplay between neuroinflammation, metabolic abnormalities, and relevant neurobiological correlates of depression is not yet fully understood. To address this issue, we propose a naturalistic prospective study involving outpatients with unipolar depression, individuals without depression or comorbidities, and healthy controls. In addition to clinical assessments, cardiovascular parameters, metabolic factors, and inflammatory parameters are collected. For analysis we will use conventional statistics as well as machine learning algorithms. We aim to detect relevant participant subgroups by data-driven cluster algorithms and their impact on the subjects’ long-term prognosis. The POKAL-PSY study is a subproject of the research network POKAL (Predictors and Clinical Outcomes in Depressive Disorders; GRK 2621).
The muzzle to target distance —staining inside different parts of the firearm barrel
Authors: Schyma Christian , Müller Rolf , Brünig Julia , Zieger Martin , Utz Silvia , Grabmüller Melanie 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBiological traces inside firearm barrels were observed as a result of contact shots to the head. The present study was conducted to investigate the influence of the muzzle to target distance on staining inside the anterior and posterior part of firearm barrels. Ninety-nine shots were fired to so-called reference cubes (10% gelatine, 12 cm edge length, embedded paint-blood-pad) using three current handguns. Shot range was varied from contact to 50 cm distance. High-speed cameras recorded external backspatter. Endoscopic examination assessed visible staining along the barrel. Each two swabbings were gathered from the anterior and the posterior part of the barrel. The first swabs were submitted to quantitative PCR, the second ones to DNA-RNA-co-extraction. Thorough mechanical and chemical cleaning was performed to avoid any contamination which was controlled by negative zero swabs after each cleaning. In single shots up to 50 cm distance, minimal, but DNA-positive sporadic traces were detected inside the barrel in vicinity of the muzzle. Visible complex staining varying in extent was observed in the anterior barrel part for 10 cm or less distance in dependence of the calibre. The posterior part showed detectable traces only after close range shots (< 5 cm). Generally staining inside the barrel decreased from the muzzle to the rear end, which correlated with the yield of DNA. Some contact shots did not cause any staining in the posterior part of the barrel despite massive external backspatter. Blood-specific miRNA was primarily found where DNA was detected. This experience encourages to take a second swab for RNA analysis. The amount of nucleic acids in the barrel at varying muzzle to target distances is subject to large variations between individual shots and therefore appears not suitable for a reliable determination of the shot distance in a particular case on its own. Instead, shot range estimation should also take into account morphology and distribution of traces inside the barrel.
Use of angioembolization, treatment modalities and mortality in association with blunt liver trauma in Germany — a data analysis of the TraumaRegister DGU®
Authors: Beltzer Christian , Imach Sebastian , Wafaisade Arasch , Lefering Rolf , Kölbel Benny ,   TraumaRegister DGU
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Angioembolization (ANGIO) is highly valued in national and international guideline recommendations as a treatment adjunct with blunt liver trauma (BLT). The literature on BLT shows that treatment, regardless of the severity of liver injury, can be accomplished with a high success rate using nonoperative management (NOM). An indication for surgical therapy (SURG) is only seen in hemodynamically instable patients. For Germany, it is unclear how frequently NOM $$\pm$$
±
ANGIO is actually used, and what mortality is associated with BLT.

Methods
A retrospective systematic data analysis of patients with BLT from the TraumaRegister DGU® was performed. All patients with liver injury AIS ≥ 2 between 2015 and 2020 were included. The focus was to evaluate the use ANGIO as well as treatment selection (NOM vs. SURG) and mortality in relation to liver injury severity. Furthermore, independent risk factors influencing mortality were identified, using multivariate logistic regression.

Results
A total of 2353 patients with BLT were included in the analysis. ANGIO was used in 18 cases (0.8%). NOM was performed in 70.9% of all cases, but mainly in less severe liver trauma (AIS ≤ 2, abbreviated injury scale). Liver injuries AIS ≥ 3 were predominantly treated surgically (64.6%). Overall mortality associated with BLT was 16%. Severity of liver injury ≥ AIS 3, age > 60 years, hemodynamic instability (INSTBL), and mass transfusion (≥ 10 packed red blood cells/pRBC) were identified as independent risk factors contributing to mortality in BLT.

Conclusion
ANGIO is rarely used in BLT, contrary to national and international guideline recommendations. In Germany, liver injuries AIS ≥ 3 are still predominantly treated surgically. BLT is associated with considerable mortality, depending on the presence of specific contributing risk factors.
Mutual information of multiple rhythms in schizophrenia
Authors: Ibáñez-Molina Antonio , Crespo Cobo Yasmina , Soriano Peña Maria Felipa , Iglesias-Parro Sergio , Ruiz de Miras Juan 
Published: December 2023

AbstractInteractions between different cortical rhythms, such as slow and fast oscillations, have been hypothesized to underlie many cognitive functions. In patients diagnosed with schizophrenia, there is some evidence indicating that the interplay between slow and fast oscillations might be impaired or disrupted. In this study, we investigated multiple oscillatory interactions in schizophrenia using a novel approach based on information theory. This method allowed us to investigate interactions from a new perspective, where two or more rhythm interactions could be analyzed at the same time. We calculated the mutual information of multiple rhythms (MIMR) for EEG segments registered in resting state. Following previous studies, we focused on rhythm interactions between theta, alpha, and gamma. The results showed that, in general, MIMR was higher in patients than in controls for alpha–gamma and theta–gamma couplings. This finding of an increased coupling between slow and fast rhythms in schizophrenia may indicate complex interactions in the Default Mode Network (DMN) related to hyperactivation of internally guided cognition.
Prevalence and associated risk factors assessment of bovine fasciolosis in the Imbo Region, Burundi
Authors: Nkurunziza Sylvère , Nishemezwe Gérard , Ntirandekura Jean-Bosco , Niyokwizera Pascal , Nyabongo Lionel , Omore Amos , Odhiambo Rose 
Published: December 2023

AbstractFasciolosis is a zoonosis that limits the productivity of ruminants worldwide, but there is a lack of information on its occurrence in Burundi. Therefore, this study aimed to fill the information gap by determining the prevalence and risk factors associated with bovine fasciolosis in the Imbo Region of Burundi. Two prevalence studies were conducted in parallel in the five communes of the five provinces in the Imbo region. In the first study, a total of 426 fecal samples were collected from randomly selected cattle farms and microscopically examined to determineFasciolaegg burden. Survey data on cattle husbandry were collected from owners of these cattle and analyzed to determine the risk factors for bovine fasciolosis. In the second study, 467 cattle were randomly selected in abattoirs and their livers were examined postmortem to determine liver fluke burdens. Data were entered separately into Microsoft Excel and analyzed using R software. The overall prevalence of bovine fasciolosis was 47.7% (42.9–52.4, 95% CI) for microscopic examination and 33.2% (28.9–37.5, 95% CI) for postmortem examinations. The majority of positive cattle (60.6%) had light intensity infections as determined by eggs per gram of feces (epg). Postmortem examinations corroborated these results and indicated that 80% of cattle had light intensity infections. Chi-square analysis showed a statistical association with the presence of bovine fasciolosis and the age, sex, and origin of cattle and the practices of cattle owners (P < 0.05).
Trade-offs between deer herbivory and nitrogen competition alter grassland forb composition
Authors: Furey George N. , Tilman David 
Published: December 2023

AbstractTwo of the major factors that control the composition of herbaceous plant communities are competition for limiting soil resources and herbivory. We present results from a 14-year full factorial experiment in a tallgrass prairie ecosystem that crossed nitrogen (N) addition with fencing to exclude white-tailed deer,Odocoileus virginianus, from half the plots. Deer presence was associated with only modest decreases in aboveground plant biomass (14% decrease; −45 ± 19 g m−2) with no interaction with N addition. N addition at 5.44 and 9.52 g N m−2 year−1led to increases in biomass. There were weak increases in species richness associated with deer presence, but only for no or low added N (1 and 2 g N m−2 year−1). However, the presence of deer greatly impacted the abundances of some of the dominant perennial forb species, but not the dominant grasses. Deer presence increased the abundance of the forbArtemisia ludovicianaby 34 ± 12 SE g m−2(94%) and decreased the forbSolidago rigidaby 32 ± 13 SE g m−2(79%). We suggest that these changes may have resulted from trade-offs in plant competitive ability for soil N versus resistance to deer herbivory. Field observations suggest deer acted as florivores, mainly consuming the flowers of susceptible forb species. The preferential consumption of flowers of forbs that seem to be superior N competitors appears to create an axis of interspecific niche differentiation. The overpopulation of white-tailed deer in many tallgrass reserves likely structures the abundance of forb species.
Estimating risk of rapid disease progression in pediatric patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease: a randomized trial of tolvaptan
Authors: Mekahli Djalila , Guay-Woodford Lisa M. , Cadnapaphornchai Melissa A. , Goldstein Stuart L. , Dandurand Ann , Jiang Huan , Jadhav Pravin , Debuque Laurie 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background
Tolvaptan preserves kidney function in adults with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) at elevated risk of rapid progression. A trial (NCT02964273) evaluated tolvaptan safety and pharmacodynamics in children (5–17 years). However, progression risk was not part of study eligibility criteria due to lack of validated criteria for risk assessment in children. As risk estimation is important to guide clinical management, baseline characteristics of the study participants were retrospectively evaluated to determine whether risk of rapid disease progression in pediatric ADPKD can be assessed and to identify parameters relevant for risk estimation.

Methods
Four academic pediatric nephrologists reviewed baseline data and rated participant risk from 1 (lowest) to 5 (highest) based on clinical judgement and the literature. Three primary reviewers independently scored all cases, with each case reviewed by two primary reviewers. For cases with discordant ratings (≥ 2-point difference), the fourth reviewer provided a secondary rating blinded to the primary evaluations. Study participants with discordant ratings and/or for whom data were lacking were later discussed to clarify parameters relevant to risk estimation.

Results
Of 90 evaluable subjects, primary reviews of 69 (77%) were concordant. The proportion considered at risk of rapid progression (final mean rating ≥ 3.5) by age group was: 15–17 years, 27/34 (79%); 12– < 15, 9/32 (28%); 4– < 12, 8/24 (33%). The panelists agreed on characteristics important for risk determination: age, kidney imaging, kidney function, blood pressure, urine protein, and genetics.

Conclusions
High ratings concordance and agreement among reviewers on relevant clinical characteristics support the feasibility of pediatric risk assessment.

Graphical abstract
A higher resolution version of the Graphical abstract is available as Supplementary information
Compassionate use of roxadustat for treatment of refractory renal anemia in an infant
Authors: Yang Yan , Chen Yan , Yang Yang , Bai Haitao , He Bizi , Liu Dengli 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundErythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) have played an important role in the treatment of renal anemia in children, but cannot improve hemoglobin to target level in some cases. Roxadustat, a hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor, can stimulate endogenous erythropoietin production and regulate iron metabolism even in patients with kidney failure. However, roxadustat has not yet been approved for use in children.Case–diagnosis/TreatmentWe report a case of refractory renal anemia in an 80-day-old boy, who was hyporesponsive to ESAs even in combination with iron supplementation and transfusion. Compassionate use of roxadustat successfully corrected the intractable anemia. Hyperkalemia is a manageable adverse event of concern during follow-up.ConclusionThe successful experience in this case may inform the clinical utility of roxadustat for refractory renal anemia in children, which should be further confirmed by well-designed prospective clinical trials.
Multivariate motion patterns and applications to rainfall radar data
Authors: Fischer Svenja , Oesting Marco , Schnurr Alexander 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe classification of movement in space is one of the key tasks in environmental science. Various geospatial data such as rainfall or other weather data, data on animal movement or landslide data require a quantitative analysis of the probable movement in space to obtain information on potential risks, ecological developments or changes in future. Usually, machine-learning tools are applied for this task, as these approaches are able to classify large amounts of data. Yet, machine-learning approaches also have some drawbacks, e.g. the often required large training sets and the fact that the algorithms are often hard to interpret. We propose a classification approach for spatial data based on ordinal patterns. Ordinal patterns have the advantage that they are easily applicable, even to small data sets, are robust in the presence of certain changes in the time series and deliver interpretative results. They therefore do not only offer an alternative to machine-learning in the case of small data sets but might also be used in pre-processing for a meaningful feature selection. In this work, we introduce the basic concept of multivariate ordinal patterns and the corresponding limit theorem. A simulation study based on bootstrap demonstrates the validity of the results. The approach is then applied to two real-life data sets, namely rainfall radar data and the movement of a leopard. Both applications emphasize the meaningfulness of the approach. Clearly, certain patterns related to the atmosphere and environment occur significantly often, indicating a strong dependence of the movement on the environment.
Comparing the responses of grain-fed feedlot cattle under moderate heat load and during subsequent recovery with those of feed-restricted thermoneutral counterparts: blood cells and inflammatory markers
Authors: Wijffels G. , Sullivan M. L. , Stockwell S. , Briscoe S. , Pearson R. , Li Y. , Macs A. M. , Sejian V. , McCulloch R. , Olm J. C. W. , Cawdell-Smith J. , Gaughan J. B. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractGiven the climate projections for livestock rearing regions globally, understanding the inflammatory status of livestock under various heat loads will be informative to animal welfare and management. A survey of plasma inflammatory markers was conducted, and blood leucocyte counts followed to investigate the capacity of the ~ 500 kg grain fed Black Angus steer to respond to and recover from a moderate heat load challenge. Two sequential cohorts of 12 steers were housed in climate-controlled rooms (CCR) for 18 days. A thermally challenged (TC) group (n = 2 × 6) experienced five consecutive periods: PreChallenge, Challenge, and Recovery within the CCR, and 40 days in outdoor pens (PENS and Late PENS). PreChallenge (5 days) and Recovery (7 days) delivered thermoneutral conditions, whereas in Challenge the TC steers experienced a diurnal temperature range of 28–35 °C. A feed-restricted thermoneutral (FRTN) treatment (n = 2 × 6) was run concurrently to differentiate between responses to reduced feed intake alone and moderate heat stress. Blood neutrophil counts were particularly sensitive to moderate heat load with higher numbers during Challlenge and in PENs. The plasma concentrations of TNFα and IL-1β were depressed in the TC group compared to the FRTN counterparts and remained so for 40 days after Challenge. Linear relationships of the concentrations of IL-1β, IL-10, and haptoglobin with rumen temperature or dry matter intake detected in the FRTN group were altered or absent in the TC group. The findings suggest significant impacts of moderate heat load on the inflammatory status of feedlot cattle.