bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Machine Learning-Based Scoring System for Early Prognosis Evaluation of Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019
Authors: Zhang Hao-Min , Shi Lei , Chen Hao-Ran , Zhang Jun-Dong , Liu Ge-Liang , Wang Zi-Ning , Zhi Peng , Wang Run-Sheng , Li Zhuo-Yang , Chen Xi-Meng , Wang Fu-Sheng , Lu Xue-Chun 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background
The global spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) continues to threaten human health security, exerting considerable pressure on healthcare systems worldwide. While prognostic models for COVID-19 hospitalized or intensive care patients are currently available, prognostic models developed for large cohorts of thousands of individuals are still lacking.

Methods
Between February 4 and April 16, 2020, we enrolled 3,974 patients admitted with COVID-19 disease in the Wuhan Huo-Shen-Shan Hospital and the Maternal and Child Hospital, Hubei Province, China. (1) Screening of key prognostic factors: A univariate Cox regression analysis was performed on 2,649 patients in the training set, and factors affecting prognosis were initially screened. Subsequently, a random survival forest model was established through machine analysis to further screen for factors that are important for prognosis. Finally, multivariate Cox regression analysis was used to determine the synergy among various factors related to prognosis. (2) Establishment of a scoring system: The nomogram algorithm established a COVID-19 patient death risk assessment scoring system for the nine selected key prognostic factors, calculated the C index, drew calibration curves and drew training set patient survival curves. (3) Verification of the scoring system: The scoring system assessed 1,325 patients in the test set, splitting them into high- and low-risk groups, calculated the C-index, and drew calibration and survival curves.

Results
The cross-sectional study found that age, clinical classification, sex, pulmonary insufficiency, hypoproteinemia, and four other factors (underlying diseases: blood diseases, malignant tumor; complications: digestive tract bleeding, heart dysfunction) have important significance for the prognosis of the enrolled patients with COVID-19. Herein, we report the discovery of the effects of hypoproteinemia and hematological diseases on the prognosis of COVID-19. Meanwhile, the scoring system established here can effectively evaluate objective scores for the early prognoses of patients with COVID-19 and can divide them into high- and low-risk groups (using a scoring threshold of 117.77, a score below which is considered low risk). The efficacy of the system was better than that of clinical classification using the current COVID-19 guidelines (C indexes, 0.95 vs. 0.89).

Conclusions
Age, clinical typing, sex, pulmonary insufficiency, hypoproteinemia, and four other factors were important for COVID-19 survival. Compared with general statistical methods, this method can quickly and accurately screen out the relevant factors affecting prognosis, provide an order of importance, and establish a scoring system based on the nomogram model, which is of great clinical significance.
Twenty-Four-Hour Intraocular Pressure Pattern In Glaucoma Suspects in an African Population
Authors: Aderounmu Azeezat B. , Ademola-Popoola Dupe S. , Olatunji Fatai O. , Yusuf Ibrahim A. 
Published: October 2023

Précis:
Twenty-four-hour intraocular pressure measurement (Phasing) among glaucoma suspects showed higher intraocular pressure (IOP), greater fluctuation, and more varying peak times occurring mostly outside clinic hours, between 12 midnight and 8 am in 68.9% of them.

Purpose:
To characterise 24-hour variation in IOP, in glaucoma suspects and normal individuals in an African population.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional analytical study was carried out between March and October 2019 at the University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital. A total of 204 study participants, comprising 102 primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) suspects and 102 age and sex-matched controls with healthy eyes were recruited. Participants had a comprehensive ophthalmic examination. Measurements of IOP were taken every 2 hours during a 24-hour period using an iCare tonometer.

Results:
The mean age was 43.64±14.02 SD and 43.02±13.55 SD (P=1.000) for POAG suspects and controls, respectively. The mean peak IOP was significantly higher in POAG suspects (21.87± 4.65 mm Hg) compared with controls (17.17± 2.32 mm Hg) (P<0.001). Whereas, the mean trough IOP reading was not significantly different between the 2 groups. In both groups of participants, the peak and trough IOP in the majority were recorded outside of clinic hours. The majority (68.9%) of POAG suspects had a peak IOP between midnight and 8 am, whereas the control group peaked mostly at 4 pm (16.7%) and 4 am (41.7%). Twenty-four-hour IOP variation was 6 mm Hg or less in 73.6% of control eyes, while in the POAG suspects, 83.3% of eyes had variation greater than 6 mm Hg.

Conclusions:
Compared with age and sex-matched healthy controls, glaucoma suspects of African descent showed significantly higher mean IOP and IOP variation, with most peak IOP detected outside of clinic hours.
Intraocular Pressure Changes While Reading Smartphone Digital Text Versus Printed Text in Healthy Individuals and those with Glaucoma
Authors: Srivastava Rajat Mohan , Agrawal Siddharth , Amrin Nayani , Bharti Devanand 
Published: October 2023

Précis:
Reading results in a rise in intraocular pressure (IOP) which is greater while using smartphones compared with printed text among healthy and individuals with medically controlled primary open angle glaucoma (POAG).

Purpose:
To compare the effect of reading for 30 minutes using smartphone and printed text on IOP.

Patients and Methods:
Sixty healthy volunteers and 22 patients with medically controlled POAG were asked to perform reading tasks using printed text followed by digital (smartphone) text under standardized conditions. IOP assessment was done using a rebound tonometer at baseline and subsequently at 10, 20, and 30 minutes of reading and 10 and 20 minutes post completion of reading tasks. IOP variations from baseline were measured and compared. Paired and independent ‘T’ test analysis was performed to study IOP variations, and a P-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:
The mean baseline IOP among volunteers and patients withPOAG was 14.58 (±2.91) and 15.02 (±2.18) mmHg, respectively. There was a rise in IOP in all participants with reading using either of the modalities, which normalized after 20 minutes of cessation. There was a statistically significant difference in rise in IOP from baseline between the 2 modalities (printed text reading and smartphone reading) at 20 minutes {+0.78 & +2.01 (P=0.002)} and 30 minutes {+0.64 & +1.72 (P=0.004)} among healthy volunteers and at 20 minutes {+0.78 & +2.01 (P=0.002)} among POAG patients.

Conclusion:
Reading is associated with the rise in IOP in both healthy volunteers and POAG individuals. The IOP rise is more marked with smartphone compared with printed text reading.
Flow-Diverter stents in intracranial aneurysm treatment: impact on covered cerebral artery branches
Authors: Liu Junyu , Cao Fang , Zhenmei Nibu , Guo Yuxin , Li Yifeng , Yuan Dun , Jiang Weixi , Yan Junxia 
Published: October 2023

Objective:
Flow diverter stents (FDSs) have attracted interest for intracranial aneurysm (IA) treatment; however, occlusion of side branches and related complications have been reported. This study aimed to investigate the effects of FDSs in IA management when different branches of intracranial arteries are covered.

Materials and methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted using PUBMED, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases to include randomized or non-randomized comparative designed studies from January 2000 to August 2022 which reported outcomes of occlusion/narrowing of branches after IA treatment using FDSs. The PRISMA guidelines were used for data abstraction and assessing data quality and validity. Random-effects meta-analysis was conducted to pool the outcomes included incidence rates of occlusion/narrowing of FDS-covered branches, branch occlusion-related symptoms, obliteration of IAs, and ideal clinical outcomes (modified Rankin Scale score ≤ 2).

Results:
We identified 57 studies involving 3789 patients with IA managed by FDSs covering different branches. During the median imaging follow-up at 12 months, the IA obliteration rate was satisfactory (>70%) when covering the ophthalmic artery (OA), posterior communicating artery (PComA), anterior choroidal artery (AChoA) or anterior cerebral artery (ACA), but not the middle cerebral artery-M2 segment (MCA-M2; 69.5%; 95% CI, 50.8%–77.5%) and posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA; 59.1%, 13/22). The overall ideal clinical outcome was observed in 97.4% of patients (95% CI, 95.5%–98.9%). Higher rates of occlusion/narrowing of branches were identified when FDSs covered the ACA (66.6%; 95% CI, 45.1%–85.3%), PComA (44.3%; 95% CI, 34.2%–54.6%), or MCA-M2 (39.2%; 95% CI, 24.5%–40.8%); the risks were lower when covering the OA (13.0%; 95% CI, 9.7%–16.7%), PICA (6.8%; 95% CI, 1.5%–14.5%), and AchoA (0.5%; 95% CI, 0.0%–2.9%). The risk of branch-occlusion-related complications was low (incidence rate <5%) for each of the six evaluated branches.

Conclusions:
Acceptable outcomes were identified following treatment of IAs when FDSs were placed across each of the six studied cerebral arteries. Treatment decisions regarding FDS placement across branch arteries should be made with the risk of complications from branch occlusion in mind.
The Effect of Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder Diagnosis and Severity on Depression Sensitivity
Authors: Akyuz Cim Emine Fusun , Cim Numan 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) is thought to be associated with depressive disorder. In our study, the depression susceptibility of female patients with PMDD was assessed using the depression sensitivity scale, which is different from previous studies. The study was conducted on 32 PMDD patients aged 18–40 years who applied to the psychiatry outpatient clinic and 30 healthy controls. The mean age of women diagnosed with PMDD was similar (p = 0.467). The probability of having a family history of PMDD was significantly higher in the PMDD group than in the control group (χ2 = 11.182, p = 0.001). Previous psychotropic drug use (χ2 = 8.862, p = 0.003) and family history of mental illness (χ2 = 5.995, p = 0.014) were significantly higher in PMDD patients compared with the control group. The sociodemographic questionnaire, the Leiden Index of Depression Sensitivity (LEIDS), and the Premenstrual Assessment Form were administered to the participants. No significant difference was found between the patient and healthy groups regarding LEIDS scores (r = 0.75, p > 0.05). In patients with PMDD, the clinical severity of PMDD was found to increase susceptibility to depression (r = 0.460, p < 0.01). It was revealed that PMDD severity was associated with susceptibility to depression rather than PMDD diagnosis.
Health literacy and pain neuroscience education in an interdisciplinary pain management programme: a qualitative study of patient perspectives
Authors: Oosterhaven Janke , Pell Christopher D. , Schröder Carin D. , Popma Hans , Spierenburg Loes , Devillé Walter L.J.M. , Wittink Harriet 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Introduction:
Pain neuroscience education is part of interdisciplinary pain management programs (IPMPs). To date, the role of health literacy on patients' understanding of pain neuroscience education has not sufficiently been examined.

Objectives:
Drawing on interviews with patients with diverse levels of health literacy, this article explores patient perspectives on pain neuroscience education.

Methods:
Purposively sampled patients from an IPMP were interviewed twice (waiting list and after 4 weeks). A directed qualitative content analysis was performed with the Integrated Conceptual Model of Health Literacy as an analytic framework.

Results:
Thirteen patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain were interviewed: 4 men and 9 women aged from 21 to 77 years with diverse educational and mostly low health literacy. One participant dropped out after baseline. Some participants gained access to health information actively; others relied on the expertise of their healthcare providers. Most participants did not seem to receive the information in the pain neuroscience education as intended, experienced difficulties with understanding the message, negatively appraised the information, and were not able to apply this in their daily lives. Health literacy levels likely played a role in this.

Conclusions:
Pain neuroscience education tailored to patients' health literacy levels, information needs, and learning strategies is needed.
Potentially Inappropriate Prescribing in Older People Living With HIV: A Scoping Review
Authors: Vélez-Díaz-Pallarés Manuel , Delgado-Silveira Eva , Fernández-Fradejas Jorge , Montero-Llorente Beatriz , Palomar-Fernández Carmen , Montero-Errasquín Beatriz , Cruz-Jentoft Alfonso José , Álvarez-Díaz Ana 
Published: October 2023

Background:
Antiretroviral therapy has transformed HIV from a progressive and often fatal infection to a chronic disease. Currently, people living with HIV (PLHIV) have near-normal life expectancy; however, they face accelerated ageing and a rise in non–AIDS-defining HIV-associated conditions. Comorbidities increase the number of prescribed drugs and, therefore, the risk of polypharmacy and prescribing potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs). Still, there are no specific tools to identify PIMs in older PLHIV, which opens a pathway to investigate the particularities in the prescription of medication in this population.

Methods:
We conducted a scoping review in 5 electronic databases for studies reporting the use of tools to identify PIMs in older PLHIV. No language or date restrictions were applied. To complete the search, abstracts published in the most relevant HIV Conferences and Events in their editions from 2010 to 2022 were screened.

Results:
Of 50,193 records returned (13,701 of the databases and 36,492 of the Congresses), 39 studies met the inclusion criteria. Most studies were single-centre and conducted in Europe. Twenty-eight studies were cross-sectional, and most researchers used explicit criteria, mainly Beers and STOPP-START criteria, to identify PIMs.

Conclusions:
Potentially inappropriate prescribing is frequent among older PLHIV. Explicit conventional tools to identify PIMs in older populations may need to be adapted to tackle the needs of PLHIV. Implicit tools may be more valid, although their use is more time-consuming, and standardization is complex.
Accuracy of Estimated Fetal Weight by Ultrasound Versus Leopold Maneuver
Authors: Lunardhi Alicia , Huynh Kimberly , Lee Derek , Pickering Trevor A. , Galyon Kristina D. , Stohl Hindi E. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Estimated fetal weight (EFW) is frequently used for clinical decision-making in obstetrics. The goals of this study were to determine the accuracy of EFW assessments by Leopold and ultrasound and to investigate any associations with maternal characteristics. Postgraduate years 1 and 2 obstetrics and gynecology resident physicians from Harbor-UCLA Medical Center from 2014 to 2020 performed EFW assessments on 10 preterm (<37 weeks' gestational age) fetuses by ultrasound biometry and 10 full-term (≥37 weeks' gestational age) fetuses by ultrasound biometry and Leopold maneuver. Assessments were included if the patients delivered within 2 weeks of the assessments. One thousand six hundred ninety-seven EFW assessments on 1183 patients performed by 33 residents were analyzed; 72.6% of sonographic full-term EFWs, 69% of Leopold full-term EFWs, and 61.5% of sonographic preterm EFWs were within 10% of the neonatal birth weight (BW). The lowest estimation error in our study occurred when actual BW was 3600 to 3700 g. After adjusting for BW, residents were found to have lower accuracy when the mother had a higher body mass index (BMI) for full-term estimation methods (Leopold and ultrasound, β = 0.13 and 0.12, P = 0.001 and 0.002, respectively). Maternal BMI was not related to estimation error for preterm fetuses (β = 0.01, P = 0.75). Clinical and sonographic EFW assessments performed by obstetrics and gynecology junior residents are within 10% of neonatal BW much of the time. In our cohort, they tended to overestimate EFWs of lower-BW infants and underestimate EFWs of higher-BW infants. Accuracy of full-term EFW assessments seems to decrease with increasing maternal BMI.
Clinical Impact of Transanal Drainage Tube on Anastomosis Leakage Following Minimally Invasive Resection Without Diverting Stoma in Patients With Rectal Cancer: A Propensity Score-matched Analysis
Authors: Sueda Toshinori , Tei Mitsuyoshi , Mori Soichiro , Nishida Kentaro , Yasuyama Akinobu , Nomura Masatoshi , Yoshikawa Yukihiro , Tsujie Masanori 
Published: October 2023

Objectives:
As one of the most serious complications of rectal cancer (RC) surgery, preventing anastomotic leakage (AL) is crucial. Several studies have suggested a positive role of the transanal drainage tube (TaDT) in AL prevention. However, whether TaDT is beneficial for AL in patients with RC remains controversial. The present study aimed to evaluate the clinical impact of TaDT on AL following minimally invasive resection without diverting stoma (DS) in patients with RC.

Materials and Methods:
We retrospectively analyzed 392 consecutive patients with RC who had undergone minimally invasive resection without DS between 2010 and 2021. Propensity score matching (PSM) was performed to reduce selection bias. AL was classified as grade A, B, or C.

Results:
A TaDT was used in 214 patients overall. After PSM, we enrolled 316 patients (n=158 in each group). Before PSM, significant group-dependent differences were observed in terms of age, American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status, and the use of antiplatelet/anticoagulant agents. The frequency of AL was 7.3% in the overall cohort and was significantly lower in the TaDT group (3.7%) than in the non-TaDT group (11.8%). The rate of grade B AL was significantly lower in the TaDT group than in the non-TaDT group (before PSM, P<0.01; after PSM, P=0.02). However, no significant differences between groups were found for grade C AL. Moreover, multivariate analysis identified the lack of a TaDT as an independent risk factor for AL in the overall and matched cohorts [before PSM, odds ratio, 3.64, P<0.01; after PSM, odds ratio, 2.91, P=0.02].

Conclusion:
These results indicated that TaDT may play a beneficial role in preventing AL, particularly of grade B, for patients with RC undergoing minimally invasive resection without DS. However, further randomized controlled trials, including patient-reported outcomes, are still needed to understand better the role of TaDT in preventing ALs in patients with RC undergoing minimally invasive resection without DS.
Transoral Endoscopic Thyroidectomy Vestibular Approach (TOETVA): Influences on the Voice Changes and Swallowing Function Disorders
Authors: Chen Zongyi , Guo Youming , Huo Jinlong , Hu Xiaochi , Chen Chen , Gao Dan , Yang Li , Wang Cunchuan , Qu Rui 
Published: October 2023

Objective:
The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of transoral endoscopic thyroidectomy vestibular approach (TOETVA) on voice changes and swallowing function disorders.

Materials and Methods:
We retrospectively reviewed 215 patients who underwent thyroid surgery with TOETVA (105 cases, endoscopic group) and open approach (110 cases, open group). Major outcomes, the changes in voice and swallowing function in the 2 groups of patients before and after surgery were analyzed by using both subjective and objective evaluation indexes. Subjective evaluation indexes included the Voice Handicap Index, voice GRBAS (Grade, Roughness, Breathiness, Asthenia, Strain) classification, and swallowing impairment score; the objective indicators included the fundamental frequency (F0), fundamental frequency perturbation (jitter), amplitude perturbation (shimmer), and maximum phonation time.

Results:
In terms of subjective evaluation indexes, there were no significant differences (all P>0.05) between the groups regarding Voice Handicap Index (1 and 3 mo after surgery) and GRBAS (1 and 3 mo after surgery). The incidence rates of swallowing disorder in the endoscopic group were higher than that in the open group according to the outcomes of swallowing impairment score at 1 and 3 months after surgery (both P<0.05). In addition, no significant changes in terms of jitter, shimmer, and maximum phonation time in both groups of patients at 1 and 3 months after surgery compared with their preoperative values (all P>0.05).

Conclusions:
Voice and swallowing disorders may occur in some patients, either TOETVA or open thyroid surgery, which in most cases will recover within 3 months after surgery. The time to swallowing function recovery is relatively prolonged in patients following TOETVA, which may be probably associated with neck adhesion and fixation after the operation.
Fantastic Needles and Where to Find Them During a Laparoscopic Nissen Fundoplication: Review of Safety Measures to Avoid Needle Loss During Minimally Invasive Surgery
Authors: Di Mento Claudia , Chiodi Annalisa , Cerulo Mariapina , Del Conte Fulvia , Coppola Vincenzo , Carulli Roberto , Lepore Benedetta , Escolino Maria , Esposito Ciro 
Published: October 2023

Background:
Losing a needle during laparoscopic surgery may be a dramatic moment for the surgeon and potentially have clinical and medico-legal consequences. This case report aims to describe an unusual case of needle loss that occurred during laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication and how to prevent its further occurrence.

Methods:
The patient is an 11-year-old boy with a body mass index of 32.4 kg/m2. He suffered from severe gastroesophageal reflux disease not responding to medical therapy and hiatal hernia. A laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication was performed.

Results:
At the closure of the Nissen wrap, CO2 leakage through the umbilical trocar caused the needle lost during the introduction of the thread. We attempted to find the needle by exploring the entire abdominal cavity without success. Therefore, we decided to complete the surgical procedure. Another 2/0 nonresorbable thread was inserted in the same way as before. But this suture also disappeared. Hence, we manually straightened the needle and introduced it under vision. The operation was accomplished successfully. An intraoperative x-ray was obtained, showing the 2 needles at the level of the 12th rib, near the working port used for the liver retractor. A peritoneal window was created using a monopolar hook, allowing to finally extract the 2 hidden needles.

Conclusion:
The loss of needles, although a rare event, can occur during laparoscopic surgery. Based on our experience, we suggest that needle insertion during laparoscopic operations should be performed under direct vision, especially in obese patients, to reduce the likelihood of such complications.