bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
UHPLC‐QTOF‐MS‐Based Metabolic Profiling, Estimation of Antioxidants and Anticancer Potential Assessment of Dicliptera bupleuroides Nees by Caspase Activation, and ROS and MMP Evaluation by Using Fluorescence Microscopy
Authors: Sarfraz Mehak , Alam Fiaz , Uddin Zia 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTDicliptera bupleuroides has been used traditionally for treating various ailments in many countries. Its detailed phytochemical profiling and pharmacological evaluation in treating cancer based on reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) analysis along with caspase activation studies has not been done previously. This study was conducted for detailed phytochemical profiling of D. bupleuroides by using ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography‐quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC‐QTOF‐MS) and to evaluate its antioxidant and anticancer potential against hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells. The extract was subjected to UHPLC‐QTOF‐MS analysis for metabolite profiling, and GNPS Molnet enhancer determined its major phytochemical classes. Phytochemical tests and multimode antioxidant assays were also executed. The extract was pharmacologically evaluated for its anticancer potential against HepG2 cells using CCK‐8 assay. Intracellular ROS generation and loss in MMP were studied by fluorescence microscopy. Network pharmacology and molecular docking of selected compounds were executed. The extract contains total phenolic content as 58.37 ± 0.32 μg GAE/mg extract, and remarkable antioxidant potential was revealed in total antioxidant contents (TAC) and total reducing power (TRP) assays, i.e., 70.4 ± 0.4, 83.2 ± 1.9 μg ascorbic acid equilant (AAE) Borges/mg extract. The UHPLC‐QTOF‐MS analysis showed that the extract contains flavonoid glycosides, phenolic acids, flavans, O‐methylated flavonoids, linoleic acids, terpene glycosides, triterpenoid saponins, and certain other phytoconstituents. Maximum inhibition of 77.13% ± 1.60% against HepG2 cells was observed at 24 h. Loss in MMP by JC‐1 (5,5′,6,6′‐tetrachloro‐1,1′,3,3′‐tetraethylbenzimi‐ dazolylcarbocyanine iodide) staining and increased ROS generation, and caspase‐3, caspase‐8 activation by extract significantly illustrated the cancer cell death by apoptosis. D. bupleuroides could be a potential source of safe and therapeutically active compounds that can be purified to develop safer, selective, and efficacious anticancer agents with fewer side effects.
The Anti‐Inflammatory Effects of Liraglutide in Equine Inflammatory Joint Models
Authors: Scheike Ann‐Sofie , Plomp Saskia , Fugazzola Maria Carlotta , Meurot Coralie , Berenbaum Francis , van Weeren Paul René , Tryfonidou Marianna Andriana , von Hegedus Johannes Hendrick 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThis study investigates the anti‐inflammatory properties of liraglutide, a glucagon‐like peptide 1 receptor agonists, in equine in vitro models and in an in vivo acute synovitis model in Shetland ponies. The anti‐inflammatory effect of liraglutide was assessed by measuring concentrations of inflammatory biomarker C‐C Motif Chemokine Ligand 2 (CCL2) in culture media of equine whole blood, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), chondrocytes, and synoviocytes, with or without lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or interleukin‐1β. In the in vivo experiment, acute synovitis was bilaterally induced with 0.25 ng LPS in the intercarpal joints of seven healthy Shetland ponies. The ponies were subsequently treated with either 6 mg liraglutide or a placebo as a paired control in each joint. The impact of liraglutide on biomarkers associated with inflammation (including white blood cell count, total protein, CCL2, and bradykinin) and cartilage metabolism (such as glycosaminoglycans, general matrix metalloproteinase activity, carboxypropeptide type II collagen, and collagen‐cleavage neoepitope of type II collagen) was assessed across serial synovial fluid samples. Liraglutide was found to have an anti‐inflammatory effect by reducing CCL2 concentrations in culture media of whole blood, PBMCs, chondrocytes, and synoviocytes. In contrast, no significant differences in synovial fluid inflammatory nor cartilage metabolism biomarker levels were found between joints treated with LPS and 6 mg liraglutide, versus LPS and placebo. In conclusion, liraglutide demonstrates the potential to attenuate inflammatory processes in joint cells. Additional research is necessary to validate its efficacy within the complex milieu of an inflamed joint.
Placental Microvascular Architecture Imaging in Normal and Congenital Heart Disease Pregnancies
Authors: Chen Peiwen , Zhao Sheng , Sun Liqun , Huang Hui , Cheng Chen , Wang Weiyun , Sun Luming , Chen Jianping , Liu Fang , Pan Shengbao , Wang Dan , Li Qinghua , Tian Zhiyun , Chen Xinlin , Rychik Jack 
Published: February 2025

ObjectivesTo evaluate the placental vascular architecture using MV Flow™ imaging for analyzing vascular distribution per region of biological tissue in isolated congenital heart diseases (CHD), CHD associated with extracardiac malformations (EXM) and normal pregnancies, and to explore the relationship of fetal Doppler flow parameters and growth to placental perfusion in these conditions.MethodsPlacental microvascular structure was assessed using MV‐Flow™ in a total of 227 normal fetuses and 139 with CHD; fetuses with gestational age ranging from 11 to 41 weeks were included. Placental vascular indices (VIMV %) was acquired at three different segments of each placenta (upper, middle, and lower regions). Doppler pulsatility indices of fetal umbilical artery (UA), middle cerebral artery (MCA), ductus venosus (DV), uterine artery (UtA), and cerebroplacental ratio were measured in both normal and CHD groups. The CHD group was divided into two subgroup based on whether it is associated with EXM.ResultsCompared to the control group, the CHD with EXM group exhibited a significantly lower VIMV % for the upper, middle, and lower regions of the placenta (P = .005; P = .018; P = .039, respectively). In the total CHD group, VIMV % decreased in the middle segment of placenta in the 2nd trimester compared to the control group. But the VIMV % of upper and middle segments decreased in the 3rd trimester. Both subgroups, EXM and isolated CHD, showed similar distribution of gestational weeks. Doppler vascular indices were significantly different compared to normal in the total CHD group for UA‐pulse index (PI), DV‐PI, right UtA‐PI, and left UtA‐PI, with similar differences from normal for the CHD with EXM group. DV‐PI was the only significantly different Doppler vascular parameter for the isolated CHD group compared to normal.ConclusionsFor the first time, MV‐Flow™ imaging demonstrated reduced placental vascularity in fetuses with CHD and ECM and in fetuses with isolated CHD in the 3rd trimester of pregnancy. Application of MV‐Flow™ as part of serial fetal echocardiographic surveillance in cases of CHD may allow for better understanding of the development of placental abnormalities.
Photocarcinogenesis of the skin: Current status and future trends
Authors: Yang Ting‐Ting , Lan Cheng‐Che E. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractSolar radiation is essential for life on Earth but is also a major contributor to skin carcinogenesis. Solar radiation, particularly ultraviolet (UV) B (280–320 nm) and UVA (320–400 nm), induces photocarcinogenesis via various pathways. UV light can directly cause DNA damage, resulting in genetic mutations if not repaired correctly. UV light can also induce photocarcinogenesis by generating reactive oxygen species, inducing immunosuppression and inflammation. Recently, visible light (400–760 nm) has been shown to contribute to photocarcinogenesis by activating oxidative pathways. In addition to the irradiation dose (fluence, J/m2), UVB irradiance (W/m2) is also considered a factor influencing photocarcinogenesis. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms of photocarcinogenesis and provide strategies to prevent skin cancer.
Global Perspectives on Lead Contamination and Health Risks in Surface Water, Rice Grains, and Soils
Authors: Kumar Amit , Kumar Vinod , Thakur Monika , Singh Kirpal , Jasrotia Rakesh , Kumar Rupesh , Radziemska Maja 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTLead (Pb), a pervasive and highly toxic metal, and poses significant environmental and health risks due to its extensive biogeochemical cycling, driven by anthropogenic activities. This review evaluates the health hazards allied with Pb contamination in surface water bodies, soils, and rice grains, based on a comprehensive analysis (2015–2024) of 118, 133, and 102 literature studies, respectively. The year‐wise assessment of Pb concentration in surface water bodies and soils frequently exceeded their permissible limits in 2015, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, and 2022. However, the mean Pb concentration in rice grains consistently surpassed the Codex Alimentarius limit (2.5 μg/g) across the analyzed years. Geographically, Bangladesh, India, Pakistan, and China surpassed their limits for surface water bodies, rice grains and soils, emphasizing regional vulnerabilities. Health risk analysis indicated hazard quotient values exceeding one for children and adults in surface water bodies and rice grains, exhibiting significant non‐carcinogenic risks. In soils, dermal exposure identified as the predominant pathways contributing to health hazard followed by ingestion, while inhalation presented the lower risk. These findings emphasize the imperative necessitate for implementing strict regulatory frameworks and preventive measures to mitigate Pb contamination in the environment and minimize its potential health impacts. This study advances understanding of Pb exposure pathways and risks, offering valuable insights for targeted mitigation strategies and public health interventions.
Midwater anoxia disrupts the trophic structure of zooplankton and fish in an oxygen deficient zone
Authors: Gutiérrez‐Bravo Juan Gerardo , Altabet Mark A. , Sánchez‐Velasco Laura , Jiménez‐Rosenberg Sylvia Patricia Adelheid 
Published: February 2025

AbstractAnoxic waters in the ocean's oxygen deficient zones (ODZs) limit the vertical migrations of zooplankton and mesopelagic fish impacting their ecology and influence on biogeochemical processes. Using an oxypleth‐tracking, nighttime‐only sampling protocol, this research reconstructed the trophic interactions of fish larvae and adults, and zooplankton, across the Eastern Tropical North Pacific ODZ. Bulk zooplankton δ15N increased latitudinally by ~ 3.3‰ from Costa Rica to Baja California due to anoxia‐derived denitrification and consequent enrichment of nitrogen sources for producers. Zooplankton δ15N also increased with depth, with an abrupt 3.4‰ increase below the anoxic core (~ 900 m depth), indicating a distinct trophic structure in the resident zooplankton community. Above the anoxic core, δ15N was similar for fish larvae (10.1‰) and zooplankton (10.5‰), reflecting a shared food source. An exception was the hypoxia‐tolerant myctophid Diogenichthys laternatus (δ15N = 7.5‰) that possibly feeds on chemoautotrophy‐derived material at the oxic‐anoxic interface. The δ15N of fish adults residing below the anoxic core, like the meso‐bathypelagic Notolychnus valdiviae (17.11‰) and Cyclothone spp. (15.89‰), was, on average, 4.8‰ higher than larval stages sampled at shallower depths, and 1.2‰ higher than zooplankton below the anoxic core. This stark increase in fish and zooplankton δ15N directly below the anoxic core suggests that anoxic waters act as a barrier for the downward trophic transfer by vertical migrants into the deep sea. Considering the current trends of ocean deoxygenation, this anoxia‐derived disruption of the migrant pump could limit the carbon sequestration potential of ODZs.
Friction stir welding of high iron‐containing cast aluminum‐silicon‐magnesium alloys.
Authors: Phongphisutthinan C. , Rattanathaworn W. , Waree K. , Suga T. , Liu H. , Morisada Y. , Fujii H. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractHigh iron‐containing cast aluminum‐silicon‐magnesium alloys have been developed for utilization recycled aluminum alloys. Iron‐containing intermetallic compounds (IMCs) are commonly considered as harmful to mechanical properties in the cast aluminum alloys containing Fe impurities. Friction stir welding (FSW) is applied to weld butt joint between cast aluminum‐silicon‐magnesium‐iron alloys plates with 1 wt.‐%, 2 wt.‐% and 4 wt.‐% Fe contents. Iron‐containing intermetallic compounds become finely fragmented and distributed in the aluminum matrix by friction stir welding. Friction stir welding clearly improves mechanical properties of the joints over the base materials. Fragmented intermetallic compounds in high iron‐containing aluminum‐silicon‐magnesium alloys can enhance tensile strength over the commercial A356 aluminum alloy.
Motor Symptom Variability in Parkinson's Disease: Implications for Personalized Trial Outcomes?
Authors: Janssen Daalen Jules , van der Heiden Maudy , Meinders Marjan , Post Bart 
Published: February 2025

AbstractBackgroundThe Movement Disorders Society Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale (MDS‐UPDRS), Part III, is the gold standard for assessing motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD). However, motor symptoms fluctuate significantly from day to day, potentially limiting the sensitivity of this scale for trials with short duration and crossover designs. This study investigated whether day‐to‐day variability in motor symptoms exceeds the minimal clinically important difference (MCID) in the MDS‐UPDRS, Part III.MethodsTwenty PD participants (Hoehn & Yahr stages 1.5–3) underwent 10 weekly off‐medication assessments by one assessor on the same morning. Several determinants of day‐to‐day variability were explored.ResultsSymptom variability often exceeded the MCID for worsening and improvement. Current mental stress and fatigue did not correlate with worse scores, nor did physical activity and sleep quality in the previous week.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that day‐to‐day symptom variability impacts MDS‐UPDRS scores in smaller and shorter‐duration trials of symptomatic interventions. Continuous monitoring using wearable sensors may offer more accurate and reliable measures for evaluating PD motor symptoms in clinical studies. © 2025 The Author(s). Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Gene Expression Signatures of Immaturity, Decreased pH, and Neural Hyperexcitation in the Hippocampus of Alzheimer's Disease Model Mice
Authors: Naganishi Sayaka , Hagihara Hideo , Miyakawa Tsuyoshi 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTAimsAlzheimer's disease (AD) is a leading cause of dementia, with increasing prevalence. Mutations in genes like MAPT, PSEN1, and PSEN2 are risk factors, leading to the development of several AD model mice. Recent hypotheses suggest AD brain pathology involves abnormal neurodevelopment, decreased pH, and neural hyperexcitation. However, it remains unclear to what extent these pathologies are reflected in the gene expression changes of AD models. This study aims to compare gene expression patterns in the brains of multiple AD model mice with those related to these three factors, evaluating the extent of overlap.MethodsWe conducted a comprehensive search of public databases, collecting 20 gene expression datasets from the hippocampus of AD model mice. These datasets were compared with gene sets related to hippocampal maturation, brain pH, and neural hyperexcitation to statistically assess overlap. Pathway enrichment analysis explored the biological relevance of these gene expression changes.ResultsThe extent of overlap with maturity‐, pH‐, and hyperexcitation‐associated genes varied across AD models, showing significant correlations between lower maturity, lower pH, and increased neural hyperexcitation. In MAPT mutant and APP+PSEN1 homozygous transgenic mice, these signatures became more pronounced with age. Pathway meta‐analysis revealed that genes associated with maturity, pH, and hyperexcitation in AD models are involved in synaptic and channel functions, as well as inflammatory responses, consistent with previous studies.ConclusionThese findings suggest that pathophysiological changes related to maturity, pH, and neural hyperexcitation play varying roles across individual AD model mice. Our recent study found a negative correlation between disease progression and actual pH levels in human AD patients. Considering the results presented in this study, maturity and neural hyperexcitation, which are correlated with pH, may also be linked to disease progression. Thus, gene expression changes in these factors could be useful markers for assessing the pathology in AD models.
A Trust‐Region Method for p‐Harmonic Shape Optimization
Authors: Wyschka Henrik , Wollner Winnifried 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThe appropriate scaling of deformation fields has a significant impact on the performance of shape optimization algorithms. We introduce a pointwise gradient constraint to an efficient algorithm for ‐Laplace problems, while the complexity of the algorithm remains polynomial. Using this algorithm, we compute descent directions for shape optimization using ‐harmonic approach that fulfill a trust‐region type constraint. Numerical experiments show the advantages of deformations computed with this approach when compared to deformations that are scaled after computation. This considers, in particular, the approximation of the limit setting and the preservation of mesh quality during an optimization with a fixed step size.
Improving Time to Bleeding Disorder Treatment in the Emergency Department
Authors: Littner Lisa , Thomas Evan , Mooney Laura , Doyle Julie , Hendrickson Julie , Tarango Cristina 
Published: February 2025

AbstractIntroductionKnowledge of the guidelines for treating people with bleeding disorders (PwBD) is vital for emergency department (ED) staff, as PwBD rely on the ED for treatment of acute bleeding episodes or injuries. Unfamiliarity with these guidelines can delay treatment. We aimed to improve the timely treatment of PwBD seeking emergency care by reducing the mean time‐to‐factor administration in the ED by 20%, from the baseline of 110 to 88 minutes.MethodsOur quality improvement (QI) initiative (2019–2024) used Plan‐Do‐Study‐Analyze cycles. Weekly electronic health record (EHR) reports tracked PwBD's time of arrival, admission, clotting factor concentrate ordering, and administration. Interventions targeted delays identified in the process.ResultsBaseline data showed a 110‐mean time‐time‐to‐factor. Our aim of reducing the time‐to‐factor by 20% from the baseline of 110 minutes was reached in May 2020. This improvement was exceeded and sustained throughout the project. At the conclusion, we achieved a 62% reduction in time‐to‐factor and a mean time‐to‐factor of 42 minutes.ConclusionBy using an EHR tool, we were able to identify when during the ED visit process delays occurred, which helped us better target our interventions. Our educational‐based interventions were adapted to reach our intended audiences while working around barriers related to the COVID‐19 pandemic, such as high patient volumes and staff shortages. Our results show a decrease in time to factor in the ED and an increase in the PwBD receiving factor within 60 minutes of arrival time. This has been a sustainable improvement.
Re‐Irradiation for the Progressive Pediatric Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma: A Report on 109 Children From a Single Center
Authors: Zaghloul Mohamed Saad , Bishr Mai K. , Refaat Amal , Hemaly Ahmed El , Ayadi Moatssem Al , Ahmed Soha , Maher Eslam , Todary Engy S. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundDiffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) is a challenging pediatric tumor that frequently progresses within the first year following local radiotherapy. However, several small studies have suggested that re‐irradiation may improve quality of life and extend overall survival.Patients and MethodsThis retrospective study included 109 children who experienced disease progression ≥3 months after their initial radiotherapy, and subsequently received re‐irradiation at a single institution. These patients were compared with a cohort of 60 children, meeting the same criteria, who were treated before adopting the re‐irradiation policy and received only the best supportive care (BSC). Most of the re‐irradiated children (94%) received first radiation dose as hypofractionation (39 Gy/13 fractions).ResultsThe re‐irradiation group demonstrated significantly higher overall survival (OS) rates after the first progression, with a 6‐month OS of 42% (95% CI: 34%–53%) compared to 16% (95% CI: 8.9%–32%) in the BSC group (p < 0.001). Re‐irradiation reduced the hazard of death by more than half (HR = 0.45, p < 0.001). Clinical response (p < 0.001) and radiological response (p = 0.016) were significant predictors of improved survival. While the time from initial radiotherapy to progression (p = 0.059) and higher re‐irradiation doses (p = 0.074) were associated with improved OS, these factors did not reach statistical significance but may represent potential prognostic indicators.ConclusionRe‐irradiation improved the OS in children with progression of DIPG and alleviated their signs and symptoms.
Investigating mechanical properties of composites reinforced with jute/cotton natural fibers in hybridized epoxy/vinylester and epoxy/polyester resins
Authors: Ahmad Hammad , Abid Muhammad Hamza , Gazo‐Hanna Eddie , Shah Atta Ur Rehman , Ghumman Imran Sajid Shahid , Arif Saad , Naseem Muhammad Shoaib , Zohaib Hafiz Muhammad 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThis study explores the hybrid effect of environmental friendly jute and cotton fabrics as reinforcement in a multiresin based composite system. Two hybrid resins (containing epoxy/vinylester and epoxy/polyester) were reinforced with hybrid jute and cotton fabrics, which makes it a multihybrid composite material. Effect of hybridization and varying the content of fibers (10, 20, and 15 wt%) was analyzed by employing tensile, bending, and charpy impact tests of the composites. The fractured surfaces after tensile testing were examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) whereas the bonding structure of multiresin and the interaction of reinforcement with the resins were scrutinized through Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The results showed that higher content of cotton fiber has a superior impact on mechanical properties as compared with jute fiber, this is because of the higher cellulose content found in the cotton fiber. Moreover, in terms of resins, epoxy/vinylester hybrid resin proved to be dominant in enhancing mechanical properties compared with epoxy/polyester resin. For reference, the tensile strength of cotton/jute/epoxy/vinylester hybrid composite (61.12 MPa) was observed to be 11.71% higher than that of cotton/jute/epoxy/polyester (54.71 MPa). A similar behavior was observed in flexural and impact tests. The SEM analysis provided evidence that the composites mainly failed due to matrix failure rather than interfacial failure, which is a reason of enhancement in mechanical strength. Such newly developed materials are auspicious for high‐performance engineering applications in addition to environmental friendliness.Highlights
Two hybrid resins were reinforced with hybrid jute/cotton natural fibers.
IPN structure was formed in epoxy/polyester and epoxy/vinyl ester resins.
The multi hybridization enhanced the mechanical properties of the composites.
Cotton fiber exhibited more influence on the properties of the composites.
Epoxy/vinylester has better fibril removal resistant than epoxy/polyester.