bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of calcium on mineral nutrient uptake and growth of tobacco
Authors: López‐Lefebre Luis R , Rivero Rosa M , García Pablo C , Sánchez Esteban , Ruiz Juan M , Romero Luis 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe aim of this work was to analyse the dynamics of the nutritional state and biomass production in tobacco plants resulting from the application of various calcium levels (Ca1, 1.25 mol m−3 CaCl2; Ca2, 2.50 mol m−3 CaCl2; Ca3, 5 mol m−3 CaCl2) in the culture medium. Tobacco plants were grown under controlled conditions and submitted to regular fertilisation with macro‐ and micronutrients. The concentrations of Ca, organic N, P, K, Na, Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Cl and B were determined in the roots and leaves. As expected, Ca accumulated progressively with increasing concentration of this element in the culture medium. There was a slight rise in the concentration of organic N but hardly any change in the concentrations of K and Na. In contrast, increasing Ca application caused a gradual decline in P and Mg concentrations. In terms of micronutrient concentrations, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cl and B were influenced positively by Ca treatment. A noteworthy synergetic relationship was found between Ca and B. In contrast, the Cu concentration in the roots declined significantly with increasing Ca application. The effect of Ca on biomass production depended on the organ analysed, since the dry matter content diminished in the roots but was augmented slightly in the leaves.© 2001 Society of Chemical Industry
Concentrated preoperative radiotherapy for resectable gastric cancer: 20‐years follow‐up of a randomized trial
Authors: Skoropad Vitali , Berdov Boris , Zagrebin Vasili 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThe role of radiation therapy in resectable gastric cancer is questionable. To study the value of concentrated preoperative radiotherapy, a randomized clinical trial had been carried out.MethodsFrom 1974 to 1978, 152 patients were randomized and underwent exploratory laparotomy; in 50 patients curative surgery was not possible, while 102 patients satisfied protocol requirements and entered in the trial. Patients in the experimental group were treated with preoperative radiotherapy (20 Gy/5 days) and subtotal or total gastrectomy. Patients in the control group underwent surgery alone.ResultsStudy showed acceptable tolerance of radiotherapy regime with no increase of postoperative mortality and morbidity. There was no significant difference in survival between the two treatment groups (χ2 = 0.349, df = 1, P = 0.555). Subset analysis also failed to demonstrate significant survival advantages of the combined treatment; however, some positive trends were seen in patients with locally advanced gastric cancer.ConclusionsConcentrated preoperative radiotherapy in the dose of 20 Gy is safe and feasible, but seems to be insufficient to improve survival in gastric cancer patients. However, the results are promising in selected subgroups of patients, which encourages future trials with adjuvant radiation therapy. J. Surg. Oncol. 2002;80:72–78. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ethanol pyrolysis experiments in a variable pressure flow reactor
Authors: Li Juan , Kazakov Andrei , Dryer Frederick L. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractExperimental profiles of stable species concentrations are reported for pyrolysis of ethanol in a variable‐pressure flow reactor at initial temperatures near 950 K and at constant pressures ranging from 3 to 12 atm. We present a new technique for comparison of model predictions with experimental observations in order to overcome the problem that time shifting of zero‐dimensional modeling results cannot accommodate the memory effects resulting from phenomena that occur in the mixing–diffuser region in the experiments. Using this new technique, comparison of the experiments with the recent ethanol kinetic model of Marinov shows that the model underestimates the fuel consumption rate and the yields of H2O and C2H4, the main products of ethanol decomposition, as well as CH3HCO and CH4, species related to abstraction channels. Both decomposition and abstraction reactions require significant modifications to improve detailed modeling of ethanol pyrolysis at the conditions of the reported experiments. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 33: 859–867, 2001
Knowledge management: raising the spectre of the cross‐cultural dimension
Authors: Holden Nigel 
Published: August 2002

AbstractPractitioners and theorists of knowledge management are increasingly aware of the practice as an international activity, but the topic is seldom presented in its cross‐cultural dimensions. This paper argues that knowledge management in the global economy is a form of cross‐cultural management, but points out that the literature is vague on how to handle culture in its wider international manifestations. Among other things it is suggested that the division of knowledge into tacit and explicit may have limited applicability when knowledge is to be leveraged cross‐culturally. Researchers are cautioned about making use of still pervasive concepts of culture which are out of keeping with the workings of the knowledge economy. It is concluded that the key task of knowledge management is to foster and continually sophisticate collaborative cross‐cultural learning. But the point to bear in mind is that the essence of the cross‐cultural challenge is not about what to learn from each other, but how to learn. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Investigating interactive effects in the theory of planned behavior in a service‐provider switching context
Authors: Bansal Harvir S. , Taylor Shirley F. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis study examines whether a model of the theory of planned behavior (Ajzen, 1985) with interaction terms can adequately explain customer service provider switching behavior. Results from a survey of mortgage customers suggest that it does. Interactions between perceived behavioral control (PBC) and intentions, between perceived behavioral control and attitude, and between attitude and subjective norms were all significant predictors of switching intentions. Implications for the theory of planned behavior and its use in services marketing are discussed. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Updating Heider's balance theory in consumer behavior: A Jewish couple buys a German car and additional buying–consuming transformation stories
Authors: Woodside Arch G. , Chebat Jean‐Charles 
Published: August 2002

AbstractConsumer researchers describe Heider's (1958) balance theory without showing how the theory relates to recent theoretical developments in consumer behavior. Empirical examination of the theory is also lacking in consumer‐psychology literature. This article updates Heider's balance theory in consumer behavior by developing the theory's links to theories of perceptual, attitudinal, and behavior automaticity and controlled thinking (see Bargh, 1994; Bargh, Chen, & Burrows, 1996) and cognitive‐experiential self‐theory (Epstein, 1994). Propositions central for applying balance theory to consumer psychology link automatic‐controlled memory retrievals and storytelling of unbalanced (i.e., paradoxical) situations that stimulate further thinking and action. Research using storytelling (e.g., see Fischer, 1999; Schank, 1990) methods aids in examining these theory developments empirically. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Perceptions of age–identity: A cross‐cultural inner‐age exploration
Authors: Barak Benny , Mathur Anil , Lee Keun , Zhang Yong 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis article presents an exploratory and comparative study of the nature of cognitive and desired age perceptions among 20–59‐year‐old men and women in three East Asian societies: India, Korea, and China. Research questions were posed about the role of gender and self‐identification with being either “young” or “middle‐aged.” The data indicate that gender plays no significant role in age perception in the three nations surveyed. The great majority of respondents under 40 considered themselves young and rejected a middle‐age role for themselves irrespective of their domicile. Also, young self‐identifiers' chronological and subjective ages were younger than those of middle‐age identifiers. These findings were surprisingly similar to those found in “ageless” American society. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Antecedents of subjective age biases among senior women
Authors: Guiot Denis 
Published: August 2002

AbstractFrom a conceptual framework based on developmental psychology, this research proposes testing an explanatory model of the trend to see oneself as younger, which is characteristic of seniors. The identification of antecedent variables of this tendency suggests a new approach to segmenting the feminine over‐50 market in France. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Decision theory and real estate investment: an analysis of the decision‐making processes of real estate investment fund managers
Authors: French Nick 
Published: August 2002

AbstractDecision theory is the study of models of judgement involved in, and leading to, deliberate and (usually) rational choice. In real estate investment, there are models for the pricing and allocation of assets. These asset allocation models suggest an optimum allocation between the respective asset classes based on retrospective judgements of performance and risk. The representation and role of real estate in a multi‐asset portfolio has, historically, been viewed in the context of portfolio theory. Real estate is selected, as other assets, on the basis of some criteria, e.g. commonly, its marginal contribution to the production of a mean‐variance efficient multi‐asset portfolio, subject to the investor's objectives and capital rationing constraints. However, decisions are made relative to current expectations and current business constraints. Whilst a decision‐maker may believe in the required optimum exposure levels, as dictated by an asset allocation model, the final decision may/will be influenced by factors outside the parameters of the mathematical model. The focus of decision theory is on the mathematical models. These may be probability based, loss functions, or other forms of statistical representations of judgements. Yet, much of decision theory does not lie entirely within any one discipline: it draws upon psychology, economics, mathematics, statistics, social sciences and many other areas of study. This paper discusses investors' perceptions and attitudes towards real estate, and highlights the important difference between theoretical exposure levels and pragmatic business considerations. The lynchpin in the decision‐making process is how investors perceive risk. The concept of risk plays a central role in various kinds of decision problems under uncertainty. It is possible that the definition of risk within an asset allocation model, where risk is equated with the uncertainty of achieving a specific required return, sits uncomfortably with the definition of risk used by the decision‐maker, where risk may equate to the consequence of not matching the performance of the competitors. In this paper, the author discusses the behavioural aspects of the decision‐making process for UK pension funds in their asset allocation role, and relates the various decision‐making models to the that process. Whilst the apparent question being asked is ‘how much should they invest in real estate?’, the answer achieved must be viewed in the context of what is pragmatically possible, or institutionally acceptable, with the constraints of business risk considerations. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Conspicuous consumption and the positional economy: policy and prescription since 1970
Authors: Mason Roger 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn more recent years, the social significance of consumption has increased to such an extent that activity in the so‐called ‘positional economy’ is now seen to threaten prospects for sustainable, long‐term economic growth. In particular, the demand for status goods, fuelled by conspicuous consumption, has diverted many resources away from investment in the manufacture of more material goods and services in order to satisfy consumer preoccupations with their relative social standing and prestige. This paper looks at the policies and prescriptions which have been proposed in order to reduce levels of ‘conspicuous waste’ in the positional sector, and to redirect resources back into more productive economic activity. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Do firm and state antitakeover provisions affect how well CEOs earn their pay?
Authors: Barnhart Scott W. , Spivey Michael F. , Alexander John C. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe relationship between CEO pay‐adjusted firm performance and firm‐specific antitakeover amendments and state antitakeover laws is examined. The findings suggest that the potential entrenchment resulting from the reduced threat of external control provided by antitakeover provisions may allow the CEO to deliver a lower level of firm performance relative to their compensation. At first glance, the state antitakeover provisions appear to be insignificant in the presence of firm‐specific amendments. However, further analysis reveals they can play an important role, in some cases reinforcing the effects of the firm‐specific amendments. With respect to the firm‐specific amendments, the negative relation is associated with the presence of blank check preferred stock and poison pill amendments. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Is essential tremor predominantly a kinetic or a postural tremor? A clinical and electrophysiological study
Authors: Brennan Kevin C. , Jurewicz Eva C. , Ford Blair , Pullman Seth L. , Louis Elan D. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBoth postural and kinetic tremors may occur in essential tremor (ET), however the relative contribution of each is not clear. ET has been variably defined with respect to kinetic and postural tremors. To examine the relative severity of postural and kinetic tremors in ET, 50 ET cases from a clinic and 55 from a community underwent a videotaped tremor examination. Kinetic and postural tremors were rated using a validated clinical rating scale (score range, 0–3). Thirty‐one cases also underwent accelerometry to precisely quantify tremor amplitude. In clinic cases, the mean postural tremor rating was 1.25 (S.D., 0.89). The mean kinetic tremor rating was 52% higher (1.90; S.D., 0.57; P < 0.001). The community cases had similar characteristics. Sixty percent of the 105 cases had postural tremor ratings scoring 0 or 1 (no tremor or low amplitude, intermittent tremor). In clinic cases, the mean amplitude of postural tremor during tremor analysis was 0.51 mm (S.D., 0.66 mm), and the mean amplitude of kinetic tremor was 2.91 mm (S.D., 2.11 mm; P < 0.01). Similar values were obtained for community cases. These quantitative data suggest that kinetic tremor is more severe than postural tremor in ET. The majority of cases had mild or absent postural tremor. Despite this, ET is defined only as a postural tremor in many studies. Our data argue for a more consistent inclusion of kinetic tremor in diagnostic criteria for ET. © 2002 Movement Disorder Society.
Hemiballism with hyperglycemia and striatal T1‐MRI hyperintensity: An autopsy report
Authors: Ohara S. , Nakagawa S. , Tabata K. , Hashimoto T. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe report on an autopsy findings of a 92‐year‐old male with hemiballism‐hemichorea associated with hyperglycemia and striatal hyperintensity on T1‐weighed magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), a recently described clinicoradiological syndrome. Histologically, the putamen contralateral to the hemiballism consisted of multiple foci of recent infarcts associated with reactive astrocytic and interneuronal response. Substrate responsible for the MRI signal changes is still inconclusive. © Movement Disorder Society.
Predictors of depressive symptoms among spouse caregivers in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Fernandez Hubert H. , Tabamo Rowena E.J. , David Raymund R. , Friedman Joseph H. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe objective of this work was to determine the predictors of depressive symptoms among spouse caregivers of Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. Little is known about the strain in giving care to PD patients and how the motor, cognitive, and behavioral complications of PD contribute to depression among spouse caregivers.Forty‐five consecutive PD patients and their spouse caregivers agreed to be evaluated after a routine clinic visit. Patient demographic data and the presence of hallucinations, delusions, incontinence, and sleep disturbances were obtained. The patients were assessed using the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS‐motor section), Hoehn and Yahr (H&Y) staging, and the Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE). Depressive symptoms were assessed using the 17‐item Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD‐17) and the Beck Depression Inventory‐II (BDI‐II) on patients and spouses.Thirty men and 15 women had a mean age of 71.5 years (range 53–85), average PD duration of 10 years (range 1–26), a mean “on” H&Y stage of 2.8 and an MMSE mean score of 26 (range 13–30). There was good correlation between the HAMD‐17 and the BDI‐II scores in both patients (r = 0.69, P = 0.001) and spouses (r = 0.66, P < 0.001). A moderate correlation was noted between the spouse HAMD‐17 score and the patient UPDRS‐motor score (r = 0.34; P = 0.02), the age of PD onset (r = 0.33; P = 0.02) and patient HAMD‐17 scores (r= 0.29; P = 0.05). A stronger correlation was noted between spouse HAMD‐17 scores and the years of PD duration (r= 0.43; P = 0.003). There was a significant difference in the mean spouse HAMD‐17 scores among PD patients with sleep disturbances versus those who did not (10.2 vs. 6.4; P = 0.04). However, on stepwise regression analysis, only the duration of PD remained significant (adjusted r = 0.17; P = 0.003). No difference was noted with hallucinations, delusions or incontinence. We concluded that the duration of PD appears to be the strongest predictor of depressive symptoms among spouse‐caregivers in this small cohort. © 2001 Movement Disorder Society.
Neuropsychiatric assessment of Gilles de la Tourette patients: Comparative study with other hyperkinetic and hypokinetic movement disorders
Authors: Kulisevsky Jaime , Litvan Irene , Berthier Marcelo L. , Pascual‐Sedano Berta , Paulsen Jane S. , Cummings Jeffrey L. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe role of the basal ganglia in conditions with co‐occurring movement disorders and neuropsychiatric symptoms is not well known. It has been hypothesized that hyperkinesia ‐disinhibited behaviors and hypokinesia‐inhibited behaviors result from an imbalance between the direct and indirect striatal output pathways, and that differential involvement of these pathways could account for the concurrent abnormalities in movement and behavior observed in these disorders.This study aimed to evaluate whether the pattern and the extent of the neuropsychiatric manifestations of patients with GTS, a hyperkinetic movement disorder of basal ganglia origin, differs from that of patients with other basal ganglia hyperkinetic (e.g., HD) or hypokinetic (e.g., PSP) movement disorders, and to determine whether patients with GTS show a greater frequency of hyperactive behaviors (e.g., agitation, irritability, euphoria, or anxiety) than PSP patients, and are comparable to patients with HD.The Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI), a scale with established validity and reliability, was administered to 26 patients with GTS (mean age, 30.2 ± 2.2 years), and the results were compared with that of 29 patients with HD (mean age, 43.8 ± 2 years) and 34 with PSP (mean ± S.D. age, 66.6 ± 1.2 years).There was no difference between the groups in the total NPI scores. However, there was a double dissociation in behaviors: patients with hyperkinetic disorders (HD and GTS) exhibited significantly more agitation, irritability, anxiety, euphoria, and hyperkinesia, whereas hypokinetic patients (PSP) exhibited more apathy. Patients with GTS showed greater scores than HD patients in all those scores differentiating HD and GTS from PSP patients (e.g., agitation, irritability, anxiety and euphoria), and were differentiated in a logistic regression analysis from both HD and PSP patients in having significantly more anxiety. We found that patients with GTS manifested predominantly hyperactive behaviors similar but more pronounced than those presented by patients with HD, while those with PSP manifested hypoactive behaviors.Based on our findings and the proposed models of basal ganglia dysfunction in these disorders, we suggest that the hyperactive behaviors in GTS are comparable to those observed in HD, being both secondary to an excitatory subcortical output through the medial and orbitofrontal cortical circuits, while in PSP the hypoactive behaviors are secondary to hypostimulation of these circuits. Abnormalities of other brain structures (e.g., amygdala, brainstem nuclei) may account for the significantly higher anxiety scores differentiating GTS from HD patients. © 2001 Movement Disorder Society.
A dual‐frequency circularly polarized structure antenna
Authors: Nannini C. , Ribero J. M. , Dauvignac J. Y. , Pichot Ch. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA concept of an original compact dual‐band circularly polarized structure antenna is presented. It consists of a dielectric resonator antenna associated with a microstrip one. This antenna has a return‐loss bandwidth superior to 6% for each band, and offers in circular polarization a great axial ratio. Such a structure maybe useful for spatial applications. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 32: 418–420, 2002.
Combining FDTD simulations with measurements of microstrip ring resonators for characterization of low‐ and high‐K dielectrics at microwaves
Authors: Semouchkina Elena , Cao Wenwu , Lanagan Michael , Mittra Raj , Yu Wenhua 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis paper shows how the dielectric constant of alumina and rutile substrates at microwave frequencies can be accurately determined by fitting the simulated S‐parameter spectra of microstrip ring resonators, generated via the finite‐difference time‐domain (FDTD) method, to experimentally measured data. The proposed method does not require the determination of the effective dielectric constant and the approximate closed‐form expressions to find the true permittivity of the substrate. This is essential for the characterization of high‐K dielectric materials at high frequencies when the closed‐form expressions are invalid. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 29: 21–24, 2001.
2‐D analytical model for current–voltage characteristics and output conductance of AlGaN/GaN MODFET
Authors: Rashmi  , Haldar Subhasis , Gupta R. S. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA two‐dimensional analytical model for an AlGaN/GaN MODFET is presented. The model assumes the velocity saturation of electrons in 2‐DEG, which causes current saturation and accurately predicts the output conductance arising from the channel length modulation. The effects of spontaneous and piezoelectric polarization at the AlGaN/GaN heterointerface, the field‐dependent mobility, and the parasitic source/drain resistances have been incorporated in the analysis. A good fit with the experimental data is obtained for an Al0.15Ga0.85N/GaN MODFET, thus proving the validity of our model. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 29: 117–123, 2001.
A study of the four‐path model for scattering from an object above a half space
Authors: Johnson Joel T. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA study of scattering from a dielectric object located above a half space is performed to clarify the accuracy of a “four‐path” model which includes single scattering effects only. An iterative method‐of‐moments solution is used for comparison, and both frequency‐ and time‐domain examples are illustrated to clarify the scattering interactions which occur. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 30: 130–134, 2001.