bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A novel optimization method : Wave Search Algorithm
Authors: Zhang Haobin , San Hongjun , Sun Haijie , Ding Lin , Wu Xingmei 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

This paper proposes a novel optimization method inspired by radar technology: Wave Search Algorithm (WSA). The WSA algorithm not only draws on engineering techniques for its unique algorithmic design for the first time but also utilizes the gradient information of the problem to be optimized and employs a variety of improved greedy mechanisms, making it accurate, efficient, flexible, and highly adaptable. The superiority of the WSA algorithm is experimentally demonstrated by testing it with a rich set of test functions ( 23 benchmark test functions and 30 CEC2017 test functions) and comparing it with state-of-the-art and highly cited algorithms. Finally, the WSA algorithm is applied to six engineering problems. Experimental results show that the optimization ability of WSA algorithm is better than other state-of-the-art optimization algorithms, and it can efficiently solve practical engineering problems.
Changes in Temperature and CO2 in the Atmosphere at Various Latitudes
Authors: Nishioka Masaharu 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The satellite-based Earth surface temperature, ENSO index, and change rate of the CO2 concentration (ppm/year) were strongly correlated over the 40 years of observation, as reported in the previous paper. The temperature changed approximately one year after the ENSO index changed, and the change rate of the CO2 concentration followed the temperature change by several months. CO2 emission and absorption at the Earth’s surface respond to temperature changes. In this study, satellite-based Earth surface temperatures and change rates of CO2 concentrations were further investigated at various latitudes. These two variables were correlated even at various latitudes. The change rate of the CO2 concentration at northern latitudes responded to temperature changes more than that at southern latitudes. The change rates of CO2 concentrations at various latitudes between 2008 and 2011 and between 2014 and 2017 during El Niño periods were compared, but the change rates of CO2 concentrations at low latitudes were quite different between the two periods. Additionally, the change rate of the CO2 concentration at the sine latitude of 0.75 (≒50 N) significantly responded to temperature changes regardless of ENSO occurrence. Furthermore, the temperature difference between the land and sea is greater in the north (20 N-90 N) than in the south (20S-90S). All these results support previous interpretations: (1) CO2 emissions due to higher temperatures are related to plant respiration or decomposition processes, and (2) temperature changes first, after which the change in CO2 concentration follows temperature changes by several months. These propositions are important for understanding today's warming period.
Association of MT1A rs11640851, rs8052394 and rs11076161 polymorphisms with the risk of developing breast cancer: a haplotype-based case-control study and in silico analysis
Authors: Shirvani Maryam , Yadollahi Arshia , Zamanzadeh Zahra , Abkar Morteza , Yousefnia Saghar 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Metallothionein 1A (MT1a) is involved in many pathological conditions associated with antioxidant defense and detoxification, including cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible association of MT1A rs11640851, rs8052394, and rs11076161 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with the risk of breast cancer (BC) and clinicopathological features. The study included 100 patients with BC and 100 healthy controls. We genotyped the MT1A SNPs using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and amplification refractory mutation system PCR (ARMS-PCR) techniques. The genotypic and allelic associations of MT1A SNPs with susceptibility to BC were assessed using logistic regression analysis under co-dominant, dominant, and recessive inheritance models. The combined effect of MT1A SNPs on the BC risk was determined using the haplotype analysis. In silico analysis was performed using the Polyphen-2 and RNAsnp online servers. The rs11640851 was found to be associated with a reduced risk of BC in all three inheritance models (P < 0.05). We also found that rs11640851 A allele has a protective effect against BC (OR: 4.812; 95% CI: 2.655–8.719; P < 0.0001). For rs8052394/rs11076161, carriers of AG/AA combined genotype had a 3.84-fold increased risk for developing BC. The haplotypes CAC and CGA were significantly associated with BC susceptibility. The rs11640851 was predicted to be deleterious using Polyphen-2 server. This study provides the first evidence that rs11640851 is significantly associated with a reduced risk of BC suggesting its protective role in the development of BC. Two haplotypes CAC and CGA were also identified as risk factors for BC.
Genotype-specific expression of selected candidate genes conferring resistance to leaf rust of rye (Secale cereale L.)
Authors: Azad Rumana , Krępski Tomasz , Olechowski Mateusz , Biernacik Bartosz , Święcicka Magdalena , Matuszkiewicz Mateusz , Dmochowska-Boguta Marta , Rakoczy-Trojanowska Monika 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Leaf rust (LR) caused by Puccinia recondita f. sp. secalis (Prs) is a highly destructive disease in rye. However, the genetic mechanisms underlying the rye immune response to this disease, especially the expression of genes conferring Prs resistance, remain relatively uncharacterised. In this study, we analysed the expression of the following four genes in 15 unrelated rye inbred lines inoculated with a Prs isolate (No. 1.1.6) at 20 and 36 h post-treatment (hpt): DXS (1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate synthase), Glu (beta-1,3-glucanase), GT (UDP-glycosyltransferase), and PR-1 (pathogenesis-related protein 1). The RT-qPCR analysis revealed the up-regulated expression of the four genes in response to Prs in all inbred lines and at both time-points. The gene expression data were supported by the microscopic examination, which revealed that seven lines were highly susceptible to LR, three lines exhibited an intermediate response, and five lines were highly resistant to LR. A clear relationship between the infection profiles and the expression of the analysed genes was observed: in the resistant lines, the expression level fold-changes were usually higher at 20 hpt than at 36 hpt, while the opposite trend was observed in the susceptible lines. The study results indicate that DXS, Glu, GT, and PR-1may encode proteins crucial for the rye defence response to the LR pathogen.
Posterior default mode network activity underlies distracted interoceptive attention and provides an objective basis for low mindfulness &amp; depression
Authors: Mishra Jyoti , Ramanathan Dhakshin , Grennan Gillian , Nan Jason , jaiswal Satish , Purpura Suzanna , Manchanda James , Maric Vojislav , Balasubramani Pragathi 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Interoceptive attention to internal sensory signals is fundamental to mindfulness. However, it is difficult to measure objectively, and the vast majority of investigations of the neural correlates of mindfulness-based attention rely on subjective and retrospective measures of distraction. In this study, we measured consistency of response times on a breath-monitoring task (instruction to respond every 2 breath cycles) to objectively measure interoceptive attention in individuals across the lifespan (15–91 years of age, n = 324). Consistently timed responses were indicative of on-task attention, whereas variable delayed responses indicated distraction or mind-wandering. Signifying the importance of interoceptive attention consistency, we observed that this measure was positively correlated across subjects with performance across several exteroceptive cognitive tasks. Electroencephalographic (EEG) source reconstruction demonstrated that distraction on the eyes-closed task was associated with elevated alpha band (8–12 Hz) brain activity particularly in posterior default mode network (pDMN) brain regions. The neural data revealed four important findings: 1) pDMN brain activity was inversely linked with functional connectivity to the fronto-parietal network (FPN), suggesting that pDMN-FPN interactions play a key role in the regulation of pDMN activity during interoceptive attention. 2) pDMN activity on distracted trials was inversely correlated with trait level mindfulness. 3) A key hub of the pDMN, the isthmus region of the posterior cingulate cortex (ICC), showed elevated activity on distracted trials in individuals with self-reported depressive symptoms. And 4) in an independent second experiment, pDMN activity was adaptively modulated by task difficulty that invoked different levels of distraction. These results identify an EEG-based neurophysiological marker (elevated pDMN alpha activity) underlying interoceptive distraction, which is correlated with subjective markers of mindfulness and depression and that can be adaptively modulated. Our findings, thus, provide a direct link between a neurophysiological substrate of interoceptive attention, and subjective ratings of mindfulness and depressed mood.
Disinfection scheduling in water distribution networks considering input time-delay uncertainty
Authors: Vrachimis Stelios G. , Eliades Demetrios G. , Polycarpou Marios M. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
A significant challenge when attempting to regulate the spatial-temporal concentration of a disinfectant in a water distribution network is the large and uncertain delay between the time that the chemical is injected at the input node and the time that the concentration is measured at the monitoring output nodes. Uncertain time delays are due to varying water flows, which depend mainly on consumer water demands. Existing approaches cannot guarantee that the concentration of the disinfectant will remain within a specified range at the output, even though bounds on time-delay uncertainty may be known. In this work, given bounded water-flow uncertainty, we use the input–output modeling approach to develop a disinfectant scheduling methodology that guarantees a bounded output disinfectant concentration. The proposed methodology creates an input–output model uncertainty characterization by utilizing estimated bounds on water-quality states using the backtracking approach. An optimization problem is formulated and solved to find an input schedule that keeps the disinfectant concentration within predefined bounds for a specified time horizon. Simulation results in two case studies where water demands varied between ±20% of their nominal value show that the proposed scheduler is able to avoid lower bound violations of disinfectant concentration.
LSTM-based autoencoder models for real-time quality control of wastewater treatment sensor data
Authors: Seshan Siddharth , Vries Dirk , Immink Jasper , van der Helm Alex , Poinapen Johann 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

The operation of smart wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) is increasingly paramount in improving effluent quality, facilitating resource recovery and reducing carbon emissions. To achieve these objectives, sensors, monitoring systems, and artificial intelligence (AI)-based models are increasingly being developed and utilised for decision support and advanced control. Key to the adoption of advanced data-driven control of WWTPs is real-time data validation and reconciliation (DVR), especially for sensor data. This research demonstrates and evaluates real-time AI-based data quality control methods, i.e. long short-term memory (LSTM) autoencoder (AE) models, to reconcile faulty sensor signals in WWTPs as compared to autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) models. The DVR procedure is aimed at anomalies resulting from data acquisition issues and sensor faults. Anomaly detection precedes the reconciliation procedure using models that capture short-time dynamics (SD) and (relatively) long-time dynamics (LD). Real data from an operational WWTP are used to test the DVR procedure. To address the reconciliation of prolonged anomalies, the SD is aggregated with an LD model by exponential weighting. For reconciling single-point anomalies, both ARIMA and LSTM AEs showed high accuracy, while the accuracy of reconciliation regresses quickly with increasing forecasting horizons for prolonged anomalous events.
A potential solution for clean water supply: multi-effect solar still and water quality analysis
Authors: Ahmad Akhlaq , Khan Zahid Mahmood , Farid Hafiz Umar 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Access to clean and safe drinking water is a significant challenge for individuals residing in suburban and remote regions of Pakistan. This study aimed to design, fabricate, and test a multi-effect solar still with four U-shaped condensing stages as a low-cost solution to this problem. The solar still was evaluated for its efficacy in removing common pollutants found in contaminated water sources. The results revealed an impressive 99% efficacy in eliminating various water pollutants, including conductivity, total hardness, pH, fluoride, and nitrate using the solar still. Water quality tests conducted for conductivity, total hardness, pH, fluoride, and nitrate revealed complete elimination of these parameters in most samples. Microbiological pollutants were also assessed through the presence/absence tests for fecal coliform and Escherichia coli, showing no presence in the distillate. In addition, the solar still effectively removed organic parameters, including alachlor, lindane, and endrin, within acceptable international standards. Thus, the proposed solar still has the potential to serve as an alternate method for producing safe drinking water in areas where access to clean potable water is limited. The findings of this study provide valuable insights for policymakers and researchers interested in addressing water scarcity in remote and suburban areas of Pakistan.
Numerical study on hydraulic characteristics of rotating stepped dropshafts in deep urban tunnels
Authors: Peng Ruihao , Liu Jiachun , Huang Biao , Yu Xiaodong , Zhu David Z. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

As an important component of the deep tunnel drainage system for dealing with urban waterlogging, the rotating stepped dropshaft has been proposed due to its small air entrainment. However, the hydraulic characteristics inside the shaft still need to be fully studied. In this study, the flow patterns, water velocity, and pressure in the rotating stepped dropshaft under different flow rates and geometric parameters were studied using a three-dimensional numerical model. The results show that increasing the central angle of the step and reducing the step height can both reduce the terminal velocity. A theoretical formula for predicting the terminal velocity was established and well validated. The connection between the shaft and the outlet pipe poses a severe threat to the structural safety due to alternating positive and negative pressures. Wall-attached swirling flow generates a circular high-pressure zone at the bottom of the dropshaft and the larger the flow rate, the greater the pressure gradient at the center of the bottom. By using the momentum theorem and considering the impact pressure range of the swirling flow, the shaft bottom pressure can be predicted reasonably well.
Comparative study of Fe2+/H2O2 and Fe2+/persulfate systems on the pre-treatment process of real pharmaceutical wastewater
Authors: Ma Yang , Ma Yongwen , Wan Jinquan , Wang Yan , Ye Gang , Zhang Zhifei , Lin Yining 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Advanced oxidation technologies based on hydroxyl radical (•OH) and sulfate radical (SO4−•) are two common types of advanced oxidation technologies, but there are not many reports on the application of advanced oxidation methods in actual wastewater pretreatment. This article compares the pre-treatment performance of Fe2+/H2O2 and Fe2+/Persulfate systems in actual pharmaceutical wastewater, and combines EEM, GC-MS, and toxicity testing results to explore the differences in TOC, COD, and NH3-N removal rates, optimal catalyst dosage, applicable pH range, toxicity of effluent after reaction, and pollutant structure between the two systems. The results indicate that the Fe2+/H2O2 system has a higher pollutant removal rate (TOC: 71.9%, COD: 66.9%, NH3-N: 34.1%), but also requires a higher catalyst (Fe2+) concentration (6.0 g/L), and its effluent exhibits characteristic peaks of aromatic proteins. The Fe2+/Persulfate system has a wider pH range (pH ≈ 3-7) and is more advantageous in treating wastewater containing more cyclic organic compounds, but the effluent contains some sulfur-containing compounds. In addition, toxicity tests have shown that the toxicity reduction effect of the Fe2+/Persulfate system is stronger than that of the Fe2+/H2O2 system.
3D-QSAR Studies on High-affinity Phosphodiestera
Authors: Shi Luyang , Si Hongzong 
Published: January 2024

Background:
Recent studies have found that Phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4) is
closely related to the pathogenesis of depression, cognitive impairment and neurological
impairment.

Objective:
Our objective is to develop potent inhibitors of the high-affinity phosphodiesterase
4D isoform (PDE4D) that can serve as radioligands for Positron Emission Tomography
(PET) imaging, thereby advancing research in the field of neurological diseases.

Methods:
We employed a multi-step approach combining three-dimensional quantitative
structure-activity relationship (3D-QSAR) modeling, molecular docking, classification
techniques, and CoMSIA analysis to investigate the conformational relationship of highaffinity
PDE4D inhibitors as PET ligands. ADMET and Drug-likeness predictions were
also conducted. By utilizing these methods, our aim was to identify more potent PDE4D
inhibitors.

Results:
The results showed that the CoMSIA model with the best principal component
scores (n=7) had a cross-validated Q2 value of 0.602 and a non-cross-validated R2 value
of 0.976. These results affirmed the excellent predictive capability of the established
CoMSIA model. Analysis of the generated 3D-QSAR contour plots highlighted specific
regions in the molecular structure of the compounds that can be further optimized and
modified. Guided by the contour plots, we designed 100 novel PDE4D inhibitors, and molecular
docking was performed for the top 4 compounds with high activity. The molecular
docking scores were promising, and ADMET and drug similarity predictions yielded satisfactory
results. Taking into consideration these factors, compound 51c was determined
to be the optimal compound, laying a solid foundation for further research.

Conclusion:
For the continued development of PDE4D PET radioligand, these models
and new compounds' developing methodology offer a theoretical foundation and crucial
references.
Synthesis and Antitumor Activity of Some New N1-(8-fluoro-4-oxoquinolin-5-yl)amidrazones
Authors: Yahya Hind M. A. , Zahra Jalal A. , Sabri Salim S. , El-Abadelah Mustafa M. , Bardaweel Sanaa 
Published: January 2024

Background:
Hydrazonoyl chloride, accessible from the respective 5-amino-8-fluoro-4-oxoquinoline-3-carboxylate, undergoes a reaction with sec-cyclic amines to generate N1-(1-ethyl-8-fluoro-4-oxoquinolin-5-yl)amidrazone carboxylates.

Introduction:
A novel set of N1-(1-ethyl-8-fluoro-4-oxoquinolin-5-yl)amidrazone carboxylates (7a-h) incorporating N-piperazines or related congeners was synthesized via interaction of the hy-drazonoyl chloride (6), accessible from the respective 5-amino-8-fluoro-4-oxoquinoline-3-carbox-ylate, with the appropriate sec-cyclic amine. These new compounds were characterized by 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and HRMS spectral data and screened for their anticancer activities.

Aims:
This study aimed at the synthesis of novel N1-( 4-oxoquinolin-5-yl)amidrazone carboxylate derivatives and investigated their potential as anticancer agents.

Objective:
The reaction of hydrazonoyl chloride with the appropriate sec-cyclic amine was applied to synthesize a novel set of N1-(1-ethyl-8-fluoro-4-oxoquinolin-5- yl)amidrazone carboxylates that incorporate N piperazines.

Methods:
A direct reaction of piperazines and related sec-cyclic amines with N-(4-oxoquinolin-5-yl)nitrile imine (1,3-dipole) was carried out for 8-10 h.

Results:
The 1,3-dipole, generated in situ from its hydrazonoyl chloride precursor in the presence of trimethylamine, is suitable for the facile synthesis of N1-(1-ethyl-8-fluoro-4-oxoquinolin-5-yl)amidrazone carboxylates.

Conclusion:
This study led to the successful synthesis of novel N1-(8-fluoro-4-oxoquinolin-5-yl)amidrazones. All the examined compounds showed moderate activity with reasonable IC50 values in the micromolar range compared to Doxorubicin.
Arthroscopic Excision of a Localized Tenosynovial Giant Cell Tumor of
the Knee: A Case Report
Authors: Zmerly Hassan , Draghetti Maurizio , Moscato Manuela , Akkawi Ibrahim 
Published: January 2024

Background and Aim:
A tenosynovial giant cell tumor (TGCT) is a proliferative lesion
of the synovial membrane of the joints, tendon sheaths and/or bursae. There are two described subtypes,
including the localized and diffuse forms. A TGCT can also be intraarticular or extraarticular.
An intraarticular localized tenosynovial giant cell tumor (L-TGCT) of the knee is characterized
by nodular hyperplasic synovial tissue that can remain asymptomatic for a long time, but as
the mass grows, it may cause mechanical symptoms that may require surgical treatment. The aim
of our study is to present a rare case of an L-TGCT of the knee joint treated with an arthroscopic
excision.

Case Report:
We describe the case of a 17-year-old female with pain, swelling and knee locking
in the absence of trauma. The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) displayed a well-circumscribed
small mass in the anterior medial compartment, adherent to the infrapatellar fat pad. The lesion
presented the typical MRI characteristics of an intraarticular localized TGCT. The patient was
treated with an arthroscopic mass removal and partial synovectomy. The gross pathology showed
an ovoid nodule that was covered by a fibrous capsule; a histopathology examination confirmed
the diagnosis. The patient was able to return to normal daily activities one month after surgery; at
the three-year follow-up, she was free of symptoms with no evidence of disease on the MRI.

Conclusion:
In patients with a small-dimension L-TGCT in the anterior compartment of the knee
that presents an MRI pattern and causes mechanical symptoms, an arthroscopic en-bloc excision
can be performed that results in good outcomes and a rapid return to preinjury levels.