bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantitative Analysis Methods for Architectural Heritage’s Color Evaluation: Survey on Color Restoration and Perception of Wen Yuan Ge in the Forbidden City
Authors: Shao Jie , Li Luke , Jiang Yutong , Liu Xin , Yang Hong 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The architectural heritage’s color evaluation has applied three methods: manual evaluation, instrumental measurement, and process restoration. Optical instruments can obtain relatively accurate chromaticity data from ideal surfaces. As the architectural heritage’s color has aged, the color data fluctuates. Researchers must screen the color data and analyze the featured ones with the color perception experience. This study combines the quantitative color analysis and scaled perception survey method to provide a new reference for the architectural heritage’s color research and design.
Revealing the meaning of fibrosis-related genes in the diagnosis, subtype and treatment of renal interstitial fibrosis
Authors: Jia Li , Liu Qin , Yu Bei , Wang Ruyi , He Jiangshu , Chen Bo , Zhang Hanchao 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background: During the course of CKD, the patient's renal function continues to deteriorate, eventually progressing to ESRD. Renal interstitial fibrosis (RIF) is the end result of the progression of almost all types of CKD and a major cause of ESRD. However, effective and feasible treatments against RIF are comparatively rare in the clinic.
Methods: In the study, we obtained 299 samples from the GEO to investigate the significance of fibrosis-related genes (FRGs). To model RIF, we employed several methods, including SVM-RFE, RF, LASSO analysis, and PPI network analysis to identify crucial FRGs. We constructed a nomogram that included four FRGs to forecast the occurrence of RIF. Besides, we used the consensus clustering algorithm to recognize subtype classifications for RIF. We adopted the ssGSEA method to explore the immune landscape in RIF. Lastly, we performed the PCA method to investigate the FRG expression pattern in RIF patients.
Results: A total of 177 FRGs were identified from the genecards database, and the nomogram model was developed from the four hub FRGs (CCL5, TIMP1, ALB, and IFNG) to explore the underlying pathological mechanism of RIF. The calibration curve analysis suggested that the nomogram model possesses accurate predictive ability. The consensus clustering algorithm found that CCL5, TIMP1, and IFNG were more highly expressed in FRG cluster A, while ALB was expressed more highly in FRG cluster B. The ssGSEA results showed that apart from neutrophils, type 17 T helper cells, and immature dendritic cells, the abundance of other immune cells was higher in FRG cluster A. Our results found that FRG cluster A is closely related to RIF features.
Conclusion: We identified four hub FRGs (CCL5, TIMP1, ALB, and IFNG) and constructed a nomogram to forecast the occurrence of RIF. The FRG cluster A is strongly linked to RIF characteristics. Our findings provided new insights into identifying RIF progression and early prevention and treatment of CKD.
Sporadic inclusion body myositis-derived myotube culture revealed muscle cell-autonomous expression profiles
Authors: Suzuki Naoki , Kanzaki Makoto , Koide Masashi , Izumi Rumiko , Fujita Ryo , Takahashi Tadahisa , Ogawa Kazumi , Yabe Yutaka , Tsuchiya Masahiro , Suzuki Masako , Harada Ryuhei , Ohno Akiyuki , Ono Hiroya , Nakamura Naoko , Ikeda Kensuke , Warita Hitoshi , Osana Shion , Oikawa Yoshitsugu , Toyohara Takafumi , Abe Takaaki , Nagatomi Ryoichi , Hagiwara Yoshihiro , Aoki Masashi 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Sporadic inclusion body myositis (sIBM) is a muscle disease in older people and is characterized by inflammatory cell invasion into intact muscle fibers and rimmed vacuoles. The pathomechanism of sIBM is not fully elucidated yet, and controversy exists as to whether sIBM is a primary autoimmune disease or a degenerative muscle disease with secondary inflammation. Previously, we established a method of collecting CD56-positive myoblasts from human skeletal muscle biopsy samples. We hypothesized that the myoblasts derived from these patients are useful to see the cell-autonomous pathomechanism of sIBM. With these resources, myoblasts were differentiated into myotubes, and the expression profiles of cell-autonomous pathology of sIBM were analyzed. Myoblasts from three sIBM cases and six controls were differentiated into myotubes. In the RNA-sequencing analysis of these “myotube” samples, 104 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were found to be significantly upregulated by more than twofold in sIBM, and 13 DEGs were downregulated by less than twofold. For muscle biopsy samples, a comparative analysis was conducted to determine the extent to which “biopsy” and “myotube” samples differed. Fifty-three DEGs were extracted of which 32 (60%) had opposite directions of expression change (e.g., increased in biopsy vs decreased in myotube). Apolipoprotein E (apoE) and transmembrane protein 8C (TMEM8C) were commonly upregulated in muscle biopsies and myotubes from sIBM. ApoE and myogenin protein levels were upregulated in sIBM. Given that enrichment analysis also captured changes in muscle contraction and development, the triggering of muscle atrophy signaling and abnormal muscle differentiation via TMEM8C or myogenin may be involved in the pathogenesis of sIBM. The presence of DEGs in sIBM suggests that the myotubes formed from sIBM-derived myoblasts revealed the existence of muscle cell-autonomous degeneration in sIBM. The catalog of DEGs will be an important resource for future studies on the pathogenesis of sIBM focusing on primary muscle degeneration.
Enhancing Alphanumeric Based CAPTCHA Solving using Deep Learning Techniques.
Authors: Banerjee Kalyan , Keerthana Dinakar 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Today, captcha is a common method for preventing automated programs from accessing online resources like websites, emails, etc. Captcha is an acronym for Completely Automated Public Turing test to differentiate between computers and humans. It is a challenge-response test that determines whether the user is a person or a computer. There are various varieties of captcha techniques, including audio-based, text-based, and image-based, etc. Image-based captchas, in which the user is required to recognize and enter a combination of letters and numbers displayed in an image, are extensively used among these techniques. In this endeavor, we’ve employed deep learning techniques to improve the precision of alphanumeric-based captcha solving. We used a real-time dataset to make predictions with Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), Deep Neural Network (DNN), Combination of CNN and Recurrent Neural Network (RNN), and Neural Network with Nested Design model. TensorFlow, Keras, OCR, OpenCV, and Tkinter were used to create the model, and Tkinter is used for the image selection user interface. We used a dataset from Kaggle in which all the images are five-letter words that may contain digits, and noise (blur and a line) has been applied to the images. The images are PNGs measuring 200 by 50 pixels. We divided the dataset into train and test sets, calculated the accuracy, and provided an image captcha prediction. The goal of the project is to increase the accuracy of the model by comparing the outcomes of various deep learning techniques. This project aims to determine which deep learning technique provides the highest level of accuracy for solving alphanumeric-based captchas by comparing the accuracy of various deep learning techniques. This project’s outcomes can be utilized to improve the security of other captcha techniques.
The Effects of Various Dental Filling Materials on Fibroblast Cells
Authors: Duzyol Mustafa , Bayram Pinar , Duzyol Esra , Karamese Selina Aksak 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Introduction: In this study, our aim was to investigate the effects of restorative materials such as composite, compomer and glass ionomer, which are frequently used in dentistry, on L929 fibroblast cells by evaluating the oxidative stress parameters, pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, and apoptosis markers.
Methods: L929 fibroblast cells were cultured, and dental filling materials were applied in two doses (50 and 100 µl). Immunohistochemical staining was performed for experimental groups with Anti-Bax and Anti-Caspase 9 antibodies. Then, ELISA technique was used to detect the level of TNF-alpha, TGF-beta, IL-1-beta, IL-6, IL-10, LPO and CAT.
Results: In the light of the data, the examined dental filling materials were effective on increasing the TGF-beta, IL-10, LPO and CAT levels, and decreasing the TNF-alpha, IL-1-beta, and IL-6 levels. The histological micrographs were also support the issues. When the levels of H-score in Caspase 9 labeled micrographs were evaluated, the mean of the control group was lower than the mean of the experimental groups.
Discussion: Biocompatibility varies according to the content of the material, the amount of residual monomer, and its solubility. Although all the experimental groups have cytotoxic effects, the least effect is seen in the Omnichroma group.
Analysis of the Effects of Residential Characteristics on Residential Space Heating Costs in the United States of America with Machine Learning
Authors: Sevinç Volkan 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Energy is one of the main concerns of humanity because energy resources are limited and costly. To reduce the costs and use the energy for residential space heating effectively, it is important to know which factors affect the residential space heating costs. This study aims to analyze the effects of residence characteristics on residential space heating costs in the United States of America by using Bayesian networks, which is a machine learning method. The constructed Bayesian network model shows that the residential space heating costs of the residences are affected mostly by the size of heated residential area. The second most important factor, on the other hand, appears to be major outside wall type, while the third factor is residence type. It is also seen that the insulation levels of the residences seem to have the least effect on the residential space heating costs.
Evaluation of a workplace physical exercise intervention on anxiety, job satisfaction and depressive symptomatology: a randomized pilot trial
Authors: Díaz-Benito Víctor Jiménez , Díaz Sara Zafra , Mateos María Espada 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The prevalence of mental health disorders among workers is increasing and the significant rates of anxiety and depression have relevant implications as a consequence. Physical activity is a complementary treatment to traditional approaches and the workplace is where the adult population that does not engage in physical activity spends most of its time. Most of the studies have been carried out in the United States, but the evidence is still not clear about the characteristics that the most effective intervention program should have in Europe. This randomized pilot trial examined the effects of a supervised physical exercise intervention in the workplace on anxiety, job satisfaction and depressive symptoms. A randomized controlled trial was conducted among office workers with sedentary jobs (n = 99) in three private companies. Participants were randomly assigned to either a physical exercise intervention (n = 75; mean age 43 ± 8 years) or a control group (n = 24; mean age 43 ± 6 years). Job satisfaction, anxiety and depressive symptoms were measured with a standardized questionnaire. Trait Anxiety was higher in the pre measure than in the post mean (F 1.75 = 6.18, p = 0.015; η2p = 0.076). No effects on job satisfaction and depressive symptomatology were found. These results suggest that an intervention based in 20-week supervised aerobic and strength physical exercise program with 2 weekly alternate-day training sessions could be effective on Trait Anxiety.
The effect of antipsychotic treatment, during the perinatal period, on the neurodevelopment of children: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Andrianopoulou Evagelia Theodora , Galanis Petros , Alevizopoulos Giorgos 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Managing mental disorders in the perinatal period is a challenge. The most common mental disorders encountered in this period are major depression, bipolar disorder, anxiety and psychotic disorders.
Purpose
This study aimed to investigate the neurodevelopmental effects in children born to mothers who were on antipsychotic medication, during pregnancy.
Methodology:
Databases MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane, PsychInfo, Google Scholar and Scopus searched according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. The studies involved mothers with preconception or relapsed mental illness receiving antipsychotic medication during the perinatal period and their children were screened for any neurodevelopmental disorders. From the initial search of the literature, 277 articles emerged and applying the criteria, according to the methodology, we identified 15 articles.
Results
Three studies were identified in which children were exposed and developed ADHD with a pooled odds ratio of 2.33 (95% CI = 1.69–3.20, p < 0.001) indicating that children exposed to antipsychotics are more likely to develop ADHD than unexposed children. Regarding socio-emotional and mental development, it was found that the pooled odds ratio was 2.33 (95% CI = 1.68–3.22, p < 0.001) indicating that exposed children are more likely to show delay compared to unexposed children. This relationship was statistically significant. Finally, it was found that children who were exposed and showed a delay in motor development had a pooled odds ratio of 2.93 (95% CI = 1.86–4.61, p < 0.001).
Discussion
Fetal exposure to antipsychotic medication can cause short-term developmental delays in motor, social-emotional, and adaptive behavior. However, further investigation is needed since the number of studies.
Projection of monthly surface flows by an optimized SWAT–MLP: a case study
Authors: Furong Gao , Hossain Sarmistha 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Recent investigations have noted that using a hybrid arrangement of Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) and multi-layer perceptron (MLP) has high efficiency in runoff prediction. In this research, in addition to using the SWAT and MLP models, an optimized algorithm called Mutated SunFlower Optimization (MSFO) algorithm has been proposed to predict better runoff, which improves the results of prediction runoff by decreasing the error percentage in the MLP model. For this purpose, first, runoff modeling is used to assess the efficiency of the SWAT system. The model's verification and calibration have been performed using data from the previous 30 years of statistics. Then, the flow stream simulated by the SWAT method is evaluated with the observational data and applied as the inputs to the MLP model, and finally, runoff is predicted through the MLP model, and MSFO is used in the MLP model to obtain better results for runoff prediction. The results show that the values of statistical indices R2, RMSE, NSE, and RE give satisfying agreement for runoff forecast in the SWAT–MLP/MSFO model with values of 0.83, 1.68, 0.51, and −0.1.
Neopterin as a Potential Biomarker for the Early Diagnosis of Heart
Failure: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Mahmoudvand Golnaz , Rouzbahani Arian Karimi , Kheirandish Ali , Saghazadeh Amene , Rezaei Nima 
Published: October 2023

Background:
Neopterin (NEO) is an inflammatory biomarker with proposed
diagnostic value in cardiovascular diseases. Some correlations have been discovered between NEO levels and the incidence, severity, and adverse outcomes of heart failure (HF).
However, there are discrepancies in the results reported in the literature.

Methods:
We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies comparing urinary and blood NEO concentrations between individuals with HF, cardiac insufficiency,
or dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) with control groups or those monitoring the role of
NEO concentrations as a predictive marker of adverse outcomes in HF patients.

Results:
A total of 24 studies that met the inclusion criteria were reviewed. The studies
demonstrated the alteration of NEO in blood or urine samples in subjects with HF, cardiac
insufficiency, or DCM compared with control groups. Also, reviewing the studies suggested a link between reduced ejection fraction, higher NYHA classes, and a higher risk
of adverse cardiac outcomes with increased NEO levels. The meta-analysis of three studies revealed a significant increase in serum NEO levels in HF cases compared to that in
healthy controls with an effect size of 3.72 (95 % CI 0.16 to 7.28; p = 0.04).

Conclusion:
Meta-analysis demonstrated a significant difference between serum NEO
levels of HF cases and healthy subjects. This evidence implies the potential of serum NEO
as a valuable diagnostic biomarker in HF patients. Also, the review of the studies revealed
the prognostic potential of NEO. Further research is required to assess the usefulness of
NEO as a diagnostic/prognostic biomarker for HF.
An Estimation of Baricitinib by AQbD-driven UV Spectrophotometry Development and Validation Process
Authors: Rani Laxmi , Mishra Ashwini Kumar , S.L. Neha , Dewangan Hitesh Kumar , Sahoo Pravat Kumar 
Published: October 2023

Background:
Baricitinib (BCTB) is a novel Janus Kinase (JAK) 1 and 2 inhibitor used in
the therapy of rheumatoid arthritis, approved by the “Food and Drug Administration” in 2018. It has
significant dose-dependent effectiveness and severe side effects. Thus, it is crucial to figure out its
concentration in developed dosage forms. The literature search revealed that there has only been one
UV spectroscopy technique documented up to this point. Methanol was chosen as the detection medium in this approach, which is not comparable with plasma or serum. As a result, the preliminary
research suggested developing a UV spectroscopic approach that can estimate BCTB concentration
and compare it to its concentration in the plasma or serum. Thus, in the proposed method, 7.4 pH
phosphate buffer was selected as a mobile phase.

Aim:
Using the Analytical Quality by Design (AQbD) methodology, a simple, robust spectrophotometric method for the detection of BCTB in API form and Niosomes drug delivery system is designed and assessed.

Methods:
In the AQbD approach, a face-centered CCD design of Design Expert 13 software was
used to evaluate two critical method variables: scanning speed and sampling interval. The design
space suitability was confirmed by standard error and overlay plots. The 2-D contour and 3-D response surface plots were used to forecast the relationship between the response variable and predictor variables.

Results:
Baricitinib displays an absorption maximum at 249.40 nm in saline phosphate buffer pH
7.4. The distinguished linearity of the method was obtained over a concentration of 5–30 µg/ml with
a correlation coefficient (R2
) value of 0.998. BCTB % assay was found to be near 99 %. Intraday and
Interday precision were found to have % RSDs of 0.067–0.488 and 0.146–0.942, respectively.

Conclusion:
The established spectrophotometric technique was observed to be precise as per ICH
revised guidelines ICH Q2 (R1) and Q14 for analytical method validation. Our findings are instructional for the future design and development of safe and reliable therapeutic dosage forms of BCTB
for rheumatoid arthritis.
Repeated Human Exposure to Semivolatile Organic Compounds by Inhalation: Novel Protocol for a Nonrandomized Study
Authors: Reale Elena , Hopf Nancy B , Breider Florian , Grandjean Dominique , Pirard Catherine , Charlier Corinne , Koch Holger M , Berthet Aurélie , Suarez Guillaume , Borgatta Myriam 
Published: October 2023

Background
Semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs) comprise several different chemical families used mainly as additives in many everyday products. SVOCs can be released into the air as aerosols and deposit on particulate matter during use by dispersion, evaporation, or abrasion. Phthalates are SVOCs of growing concern due to their endocrine-disrupting effects. Human data on the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) of these compounds upon inhalation are almost nonexistent.

Objective
The goal of this study is to develop a method for repeated inhalation exposures to SVOCs to characterize their ADME in humans.

Methods
We will use diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP), a major indoor air pollutant, as a model SVOC in this novel protocol. The Swiss official Commission on Ethics in Human Research, Canton de Vaud, approved the study on October 14, 2020 (project-ID 2020-01095). Participants (n=10) will be repeatedly exposed (2 short daily exposures over 4 days) to isotope-labeled DEHP (DEHP-d4) to distinguish administered exposures from background exposures. DEHP-d4 aerosols will be generated with a small, portable, aerosol-generating device. Participants will inhale DEHP-d4-containing aerosols themselves with this device at home. Air concentrations of the airborne phthalates will be less than or equal to their occupational exposure limit (OEL). DEHP-d4 and its metabolites will be quantified in urine and blood before, during, and after exposure.

Results
Our developed device can generate DEHP-d4 aerosols with diameters of 2.5 μm or smaller and a mean DEHP-d4 mass of 1.4 (SD 0.2) μg per puff (n=6). As of May 2023, we have enrolled 5 participants.

Conclusions
The portable device can be used to generate phthalate aerosols for repeated exposure in human studies.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
DERR1-10.2196/51020
Dificultades en el razonamiento causal y en los conceptos utilizados para explicar el efecto Mpemba
Authors: Torres Merchan Nidia Yaneth , Solbes Jordi , Suarez Ballesteros Camilo Arturo , Casas Hinestroza José Luis 
Published: October 2023

Este estudio describe el análisis de las explicaciones de estudiantes de un programa de formación docente sobre el efecto Mpemba. La experiencia se presentó en tres momentos (antes, durante y después), con la participación de 37 estudiantes de 8º semestre de la Licenciatura en Ciencias Naturales de una universidad colombiana. Se observó que los estudiantes responden al por qué y no al cómo ocurre el fenómeno y asocian sus contestaciones a flujo de calor, cinética molecular y cambio de estado del material. Lo anterior, evidencia la necesidad de practicar de razonamiento sobre mecanismos causales en química, aspecto que puede contribuir a que los estudiantes comprendan las interacciones moleculares.
GAMBARAN KEJADIAN ABORTUS DI RSUD RADEN MATTAHER JAMBI TAHUN 2020
Authors: Azzahra Chelsa Tama , Andriahta Zul , Enis Rina Nofri 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT
Abortion is a threat or expulsion of the products of conception before the fetus can live outside the womb for less than 20 weeks or the fetus weighs less than 500 grams. Several risk factors that influence the incidence of abortion include age, parity, occupation, history of abortion, smoking, and alcohol. The purpose of this study was to describe the incidence of abortion in RSUD Raden Mattaher Jambi. This research is descriptive research. The characteristics of aborted patients include pregnant women aged 20-35 years, mothers with multiparity parity status, mothers' occupations as housewives, mothers without a history of previous abortions, mothers who do not smoke, and mothers who do not drink alcohol.
Keywords: Incident, Abortion

ABSTRAK
Abortus adalah ancaman atau pengeluaran hasil konsepsi sebelum janin dapat hidup di luar kandungan kurang dari 20 minggu atau berat janin kurang dari 500 gram. Beberapa faktor resiko yang mempengaruhi kejadian abortus antara lain usia, paritas, pekerjaan, riwayat abortus, merokok, dan alkohol. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui gambaran kejadian abortus di RSUD Raden Mattaher Jambi. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif. Karakteristik pasien abortus antara lain ibu hamil usia 20-35 tahun, ibu dengan status paritas multipara, pekerjaan ibu sebagai ibu rumah tangga, ibu tanpa riwayat abortus sebelumnya, ibu yang tidak merokok dan ibu yang tidak minum alkohol.
Kata Kunci : Kejadian, Abortus