bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamic Effects of Energy Consumption and Economic Growth on CO2 Emission: Testing EKC Hypothesis in Africa
Authors: Muhammed Musa , Saad Suleiman , Maikudi Yusuf Isah , Usman Ali Baba 
Published: November 2023

This paper focuses on using time series data on real GDP, energy consumption, and CO2 emission to examine the effect of economic growth and energy consumption on CO2 emission for a panel of 23 African countries within the period 1980–2019. The study used Pedroni (1999) approach of panel cointegration analysis to test for existence of long-run cointegration relationship between the variables. Fixed effect model was used to test for the Environmental Kutznets Hypothesis, and income squared was included as an additional explanatory variable. The estimated empirical results for the panel of 23 African countries from fixed effect model indicates the evidence of EKC hypothesis. At the level of individual countries, there is large divergence. 13 countries show evidence of EKC, implying that CO2 emission has fallen over the long run. As income increases, the levels of environmental damage decreases in those countries. 10 countries show opposite relationship among the variables. Based on the estimated results, it is recommended that countries should pursue economic growth policies that are not highly carbon intensive. Policy makers in these countries should adopt strategies that uses environmentally friendly technologies to decrease CO2 emission. Countries should also implement strong regulatory and market-based policies in highly energy-intensive sectors to reduce their current level of emissions and attain sustainable, environment-friendly economic growth.
Valence Tautomerism in Chromium Half-Sandwich Triarylmethylium Dyads
Authors: Rehse Anja , Linseis Michael , Azarkh Mykhailo , Drescher Malte , Winter Rainer F. 
Published: November 2023

Valence tautomerism (VT) may occur if a molecule contains two chemically different redox-active units, which differ only slightly in their intrinsic redox potential. Herein, we present three new half-sandwich complexes [(η6arene)Cr(CO)2L]+ with a triarylmethylium substituent appended to the -coordinated arene and different coligands L (L = CO, P(OPh)3, PPh3, 1+ 3+) at the chromium atom. Ligand substitution purposefully lowers the half-wave potential for chromium oxidation and thereby the redox potential difference towards tritylium reduction. For the PPh3-substituted complex 3+, cyclic voltammetry measurements indicate that chromium oxidation and tritylium reduction occur at (almost) the same potential. This renders the diamagnetic Cr(0)C6H4CAr2+ form 3+ and its paramagnetic diradical Cr(I)+•C6H4CAr2• valence tautomer 3+•• energetically nearly degenerate. Temperature-dependent IR spectroscopy shows indeed two pairs of carbonyl bands assignable to a Cr(0) and a Cr(I) species, coexisting in a T-dependent equilibrium with almost equal quantities for both at 70 °C. The diradical form with one unpaired spin at the trityl unit engages in a monomer ⇌ dimer equilibrium, which was investigated by means of quantitative EPR spectroscopy. The diradical species 1+•• 3+•• were found to be highly reactive, leading to several identified reaction products, which presumably result from hydrogen atom abstraction by the trityl C atom, e.g. from the solvent.
Generator of Fuzzy Implications
Authors: Daniilidou Athina , Konguetsof Avrilia , Souliotis Georgios , Papadopoulos Basil 
Published: November 2023

In this research paper an algorithm for the derivation of methods based on theorems and axioms of fuzzy logic is presented, analyzed and applied. This new proposed procedure generates fuzzy methods and evaluates the value of fuzzy propositions through fuzzy implication. The new implications of the family should satisfy a number of axioms. Also, we denote the conditions in order to satisfy the maximum number of axioms. Moreover, authors state and prove theorems focusing on fuzzy implication, observing the rule: the fuzzy function of fuzzy implication is strong and that lead to fuzzy negation. In addition, the optimal number of repetitions is calculated according to the expected truth value. The formulas produced are verified through the use of temperature and humidity values over a certain period of time and in a certain geographical area in Greece. The basic steps of the methodology are the fuzzification of the data given ​​using four membership degree functions and the application of the membership degrees of temperature and humidity values on a new type of fuzzy implication. Finally, we observed that the isosceles trapezium gave the best results and the type of fuzzy implication can be effectively applied.
Live-Attenuated Salmonella-Based Oral Vaccine Candidates Expressing PCV2d Cap and Rep by Novel Expression Plasmids as a Vaccination Strategy for Mucosal and Systemic Immune Responses against PCV2d
Authors: Lloren Khristine Kaith Sison , Sivasankar Chandran , Lee John Hwa 
Published: November 2023

Oral vaccines are highly envisaged for veterinary applications due to their convenience and ability to induce protective mucosal immunity as the first line of defense. The present investigation harnessed live-attenuated Salmonella Typhimurium to orally deliver novel expression vector systems containing the Cap and Rep genes from porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2), a significant swine pathogen. The antigen expression by the vaccine candidates JOL2885 and JOL2886, comprising eukaryotic pJHL204 and pro-eukaryotic expression pJHL270 plasmids respectively, was confirmed by western blot and IFA. We evaluated their immunogenicity and protective efficacy through oral vaccination in a mouse model. This approach elicited both mucosal and systemic immunity against PCV2d. Oral administration of the candidates induced PCV2-specific sIgA, serum IgG antibodies, and neutralizing antibodies, resulting in reduced viral loads in the livers and lungs of PCV2d-challenged mice. T-lymphocyte proliferation and flow-cytometry assays confirmed enhanced cellular immune responses after oral inoculation. The synchronized elicitation of both Th1 and Th2 responses was also confirmed by enhanced expression of TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-4, MHC-I, and MHC-II. Our findings highlight the effectiveness and safety of the constructs with an engineered-attenuated S. Typhimurium, suggesting its potential application as an oral PCV2 vaccine candidate.
President’s Column with Terry Palisch: Creating Our Energy Future (November 2023)
Authors: Palisch Terry 
Published: November 2023

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In this podcast episode, Terry Palisch talks about the impact of the energy transition on the industry and technology and how SPE is helping its members adjust to the shifting landscape. This transcript is an excerpt from the podcast episode.

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I’m Trent Jacobs, JPT senior technology editor, and welcome to the President’s podcast. Today I am very happy to be talking with 2024 SPE President Terry Palisch. He’s going to be talking to us about the impact that the energy transition is having on the industry and technology and how SPE is helping its members adjust to the shifting landscape.
I am glad to be here with you, Terry. Thank you for joining us. Can you set the scene for me a little bit by explaining a concept that you mentioned on your last podcast episode, this is the energy trilemma … tell us more about that.

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Thank you, Trent. I am excited to be talking to you today. Let’s start with the building blocks. Energy is the building block of all life: human beings need chemical energy, and in our everyday lives we need energy. Energy essentially drives everything, and our population is growing. We expect by 2050 to have another 1 to 2 billion people on the planet, or another 20–25%, and at the same time over two-thirds of our world population live in some form of energy poverty.
Currently, 80% of the energy supplied to the world comes in the form of coal, oil, and natural gas, commonly called fossil fuels. That percentage has not changed appreciably for decades. The public is still demanding a reduction in emissions. That represents what a lot of people call the trilemma. How do we as a society meet the world’s energy needs for affordable and accessible energy that is reliable and secure, but also becoming evergreen and decarbonized. That is what they call the energy trilemma. I think it is more the energy opportunity, and I say that because I believe it’s the energy opportunity for our industry. I believe we are the best suited to solve the energy trilemma and we are solving it as we speak.
Driving Change: Cultivating an Energy Workforce for Lasting Prosperity
Authors: Presley Jennifer 
Published: November 2023

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The old phrase “many hands make light work” is never truer than when applied to the energy industry. It illuminates the world’s darkest corner and energizes its sluggish economies. Millions of hands also work together to ensure the power is there to keep the lights on and global markets humming.
Many also have had a hand over the past century in building the oil and gas industry into the multitrillion-dollar industrial sector it is today. Ironically, it is an industry where a new hire starts as a “worm,” earns the title of “hand,” and then possibly ends their career decades later as a “top hand.”
These hands—the industry’s human capital—are the most important resource in the highly complex and technical oil and gas industry. From the oil field to the C-suite, the collective knowledge, attributes, skills, and experience of the workforce that inhabit each are critical to ensuring the industry’s long-term sustainability and future.
According to a recent Accenture study, the energy industry will experience a lack of up to 40,000 competent workers by 2025. A 2018 study by Korn Ferry predicted that up to 85 million jobs could go unfilled due to skilled shortages. EY reported that Gen Z and Millennials will make up 72% of the world’s workforce by 2029, yet 62% stated that they find a career in the oil and gas industry unappealing.
The oil and gas industry is at a crossroads in an era of rapid technological advancements, shifting global energy demands, and heightened concerns over affordability and security. Evolving job expectations, demographic shifts, and the growing emphasis on sustainability are expected to play a pivotal role in shaping the future of the sector.

Technological Advancements and Changing Job Expectations
Amidst this evolution, one of the industry’s most pressing challenges is the retention of its skilled workforce. The seasoned professionals and specialized experts who have long been the backbone of this vital sector are now presented with an attractive alternative for those looking to make a change.
The sector is transforming as renewable energy sources gain prominence and environmental concerns mount. There is no shortage of big, bold plans to address the energy needs of the future, but it is a future made possible by a workforce possessing diverse tools and technical skills.
“Workforce preferences are changing, competition for talent is growing, and many industrial sectors now find themselves competing for many of the same skills,” said Evelyn MacLean, workforce energy project director for the International Association of Oil and Gas Producers (IOGP).
“Our industry also has a reputation challenge that is damaging our talent pipeline, and therefore, we have work to do collectively to promote our industry as a viable career choice for anyone who wishes to contribute to energy sustainability, affordability, and security positively,” she added.
Study Evaluates CO2 Storage Potential During CO2 Mobility-Control Optimization
Authors: Carpenter Chris 
Published: November 2023

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This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper SPE 212969, “Evaluation of CO2 Storage Potential During CO2 Mobility-Control Optimization for Enhanced Oil Recovery,” by Alvinda Sri Hanamertani, SPE, Ying Yu, SPE, and Omar El-Khatib, SPE, University of Wyoming, et al. The paper has not been peer reviewed.

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CO2 mobility control through foam technology has enabled better sweep efficiency and, consequently, better oil productivity during enhanced oil recovery (EOR) processes. Along with enhancing oil production, a sound potential exists for in-situ generated foam to enhance CO2 storage. However, the effect of the different in-situ foam generation strategies on the combined goal of maximum oil production and carbon storage is not well elucidated in the literature. In the complete paper, the authors methodically evaluate the simultaneous optimization of CO2 storage and oil recovery using multiple injection strategies.

Introduction
The current investigation is a continuation of two previous studies that provided a methodology for screening and using foaming agents for optimized CO2 storage in sandstone and carbonate formations. A base case of tertiary CO2 flooding was established for comparison with in-situ foam generation by two approaches: single-cycle surfactant-alternating-gas (SAG) flooding and coinjection of CO2 and surfactant. Additionally, the effect of surfactant concentration on foam efficiency, CO2 storage capacity, and oil recovery were evaluated in both approaches at reservoir conditions.

Materials and Methods
Fluids and Porous Medium.
In this study, a synthetic brine with total dissolved solids of 20 wt% was used as blank brine and laden with a commercial zwitterionic surfactant that was used to prepare surfactant solutions with concentrations of 0.5 and 1 wt% active matter in the synthetic brine. Three core plugs were drilled from an Indiana limestone outcrop block. The cores were then cleaned and oven-dried at 95°C.
Experimental Procedure.
Vacuum saturation with brine was commenced for the three cores. The porosity of the cores was calculated using their dry and brine-saturated weights. Then, the 100% brine-saturated core was placed in a core holder and loaded into an oven set to 90°C. The pore pressure was fixed at 2,000 psi, and the confining pressure was controlled at 3,000 psi throughout the flooding experiment. The brine permeability of the core samples was evaluated by measuring the pressure drop across the core at different brine-injection flow rates.
In the first experiment (IL1), oil drainage with a flow rate of 0.2 cm3/min was performed to establish irreducible water saturation of 46.9%. This total flow rate was kept the same throughout the three experiments. Then, a waterflooding stage was begun and the oil recovery was recorded. After reaching a plateau in oil recovery, supercritical CO2 (scCO2) was injected during the EOR process until the oil production plateaued.
The Monitoring of Abnormal Fluid Properties Based on PCA Technique as an Alternative Strategy to Support Autonomous Drilling Operations
Authors: Borges Filho Moacyr N. , Mello Thalles , Scheid Claudia M. , Calçada Luis A. , Waldmann A. T. , Martins André Leibsohn , Pinto José C. 
Published: November 2023

Summary
The well drilling process requires constant monitoring to ensure that the properties of the drilling fluids remain within acceptable ranges for safe and effective operation of the well drilling process. The present work developed a principal component analysis (PCA)-based methodology for diagnosing anomalies in drilling fluids, and detecting and identifying abnormal drilling fluid properties during well drilling operations. The main novelty of the present work regards the application of multivariate techniques for diagnosing anomalies (faults) in drilling fluids, increasing the literature on fault diagnosis techniques applied to the petroleum industry, and producing a promising methodology for field applications. The proposed technique was implemented and validated in a pilot drilling fluid production unit through continuous online monitoring of the conductivity, density, and apparent viscosity of drilling fluids. Model training was carried out with data collected during assisted normal operation, allowing detection of abnormal conditions with less than 1% of false positives and less than 0.5% of false negatives. Additionally, the proposed methodology also allowed the correct diagnosis of the observed faults. The results indicated that PCA-based approaches can be used for the online monitoring of drilling fluid properties and fault diagnosis in real well drilling operations.
Economic Burden of Sanfilippo Syndrome in the United States
Authors: Ashby Frederick , Park Haesuk , Svensson Mikael , Heldermon Coy 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Introduction: Sanfilippo syndrome is a rare disease and fatal genetic disorder with no FDA-approved treatment in the United States (US), and no comprehensive assessment of economic disease burden is available.
Objectives: To develop a model to estimate the economic burden associated with Sanfilippo syndrome in the US using direct costs, indirect costs and valued intangibles (disability-adjusted life years, or DALYs) from 2023 onward.
Design and Setting: A multistage comorbidity model was generated based on Sanfilippo syndrome symptoms, and disability weights from the 2010 Global Burden of Disease Study. Attributable increase in caregiver mental health burden were estimated using data from the CDC National Comorbidity Survey and retrospective studies on caregiver burden. Direct costs were approximated from the 2019 EveryLife Foundation survey, and indirect costs were estimated from Federal income data. Monetary valuations were adjusted to USD 2023 and given a 3% discount rate from 2023 onward.
Main Outcome Measures: Incidence of Sanfilippo syndrome was calculated for each year, and year-over-year DALYs due to patient years lived with disability (YLDs) and years life lost (YLLs) were calculated by comparing to the health-adjusted life expectancy (HALE) in the US. Direct and indirect costs were calculated for each simulated patient from onset of symptoms to death.
Results: From 2023-2043, overall economic burden in the US attributable to Sanfilippo syndrome was estimated to be $2.04 billion USD present value (2023) with current standard of care. The burden to individual families exceeded $8 million present value from time of birth per child born with Sanfilippo syndrome.
Conclusion: Sanfilippo syndrome is a rare lysosomal storage disease, however the severe burden associated with the disease for individual families demonstrates a considerable cumulative impact. Our model represents the first disease burden value estimate associated with Sanfilippo syndrome, and underscores the substantial morbidity and mortality burden of Sanfilippo syndrome.
Transposable elements transcription-dependently generate introns in eukaryotes
Authors: Li Yong , Luo Xin , Wu Fangfang , Cheng Xiaofei , Liu Xinlei , Xue Yongguo , Zhang Yu , Zhao Xiangke , Wan Jifeng , Wang Shuyu , Zhong Xue , Liu Qingqing , Guo Yushuang 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Spliceosomal introns are widely found in eukaryotic genes. However, the mechanisms of their origins remain unclear. Finding novel introns is an important but difficult step to uncover the mechanisms. DNA methylation can lead to CpG observed/expected ratio (o/e) bias of sequences. In this study, we found that CpG o/e values can reflect the age of introns and can be used to find novel introns in many species, further analysis revealed a new mechanism of intron generation. In Arabidopsis thaliana we found that novel introns mainly matched transcribable intergenic regions, and the intron-matched regions significantly tended to locate in adjacent chromosomal regions of the same chromosome and same strand with their matched introns. Through further analysis, we propose a new intron generation mechanism, in which transcribed RNA with splicing signals generates a copy into nearby chromosomal regions before being degraded, and forms introns if it is integrated inside genes, otherwise, it generates a copy in intergenic region like canonical transposons. This mechanism is common in eukaryotes and can explain many unsolved phenomena regarding intron generation.
Colonoscopy does not increase the risk of Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Holtz Anna-Victoria , Fink Anne , Tamgüney Gültekin , Doblhammer Gabriele 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is caused by the misfolding and aggregation of α-synuclein in neurons into toxic oligomers and fibrils that have prion-like properties allowing them to infect healthy neurons and to be transmitted to animal models of PD by injection or oral exposure. Considering that α-synuclein fibrils can also propagate from the enteric to the central nervous system, α-synuclein may be transmitted through colonoscopy procedures. This study examines a possible association between colonoscopy and PD.
We used longitudinal data of 250,000 individuals aged 50+ from 2004-2019 from Germany's largest health insurer. Cox proportional hazard and competing risk models with death as a competing event were estimated to calculate the risk of PD. Models were adjusted for age, sex, reason for colonoscopy and co-morbidities of PD. Colonoscopy was categorized as never receiving colonoscopy, colorectal cancer (CRC) screening without or with biopsy, destruction, excision, laser vaporization or argon plasma coagulation (BDE), and diagnostic colonoscopy without or with BDE.
We identified 6,422 new cases of PD among 221,582 individuals. The Cox model revealed a significantly increased risk of PD for patients who ever had a diagnostic colonoscopy without or with BDE (HR=1.31; 95% confidence interval: [1.23-1.40]; HR=1.32 [1.22-1.42]) after adjustment for age and sex. After controlling for covariates and death, persons who ever underwent CRC screening had a 40% reduced risk of PD (HR=0.60 [0.53-0.66]), while persons who underwent diagnostic colonoscopy had a 20% reduced risk of PD (HR=0.80 [0.74-0.87]).
Individuals who ever had any type of colonoscopy had a lower risk of PD compared to those who never had a colonoscopy, after adjusting for death and covariates. Individuals who underwent only CRC screening had the lowest risk of PD, which may be a result of a more health-conscious lifestyle.
Intermetallic and dispersoid structures in AA3104 aluminium alloy during two-step homogenisation
Authors: George Sarah , Chicuba Livhuwani Magidi 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
During homogenisation of the AA3104 cast ingot, a phase transformation of intermetallic particles from β-Al6(Fe,Mn) orthorhombic phase to harder α-Alx(Fe,Mn)3Si2 cubic phase occurs. The large constituent intermetallic particles, regardless of phase, assist in the recrystallisation nucleation process through particle stimulated nucleation (PSN). Ultimately, this helps to refine grain size. The sub-micron dispersoids act to impede grain boundary migration through a Zener drag mechanism. For this reason, the dispersoids that form during homogenisation are critical in the recrystallisation kinetics during subsequent rolling, with smaller dispersoids being better suited to instances where the minimisation of recrystallisation is required during hot rolling. This work simulates an industrial two-step homogenisation practice with variations in the peak temperature of the first step between 560°C and 580°C. The effect of this temperature variation on the intermetallic particle phase evolution is investigated. The aim is to identify the ideal intermetallic phase balance and the dispersoid structure that are best suited for the minimisation of recrystallisation during hot rolling through maximising Zener drag and maintaining galling resistance. The results indicate a trend where an increase in homogenisation temperature from 560°C to 580°C yields, firstly, an increase in the volume fraction of the α-phase particles to greater than 50% of the total volume fraction at both the edge and the centre of the ingot and, secondly, it yields an increased dispersoid size. Thus, a lower temperature homogenisation practice produces a near-ideal combination of intermetallic particle phase distribution, as well as dispersoid size, which is critical for Zener drag and the minimization of recrystallisation during the hot rolling processes.