bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mesh free analysis with Galerkin finite block method for linear PDEs
Authors: Lei M. , Shi C. Z. , Wen P. H. , Sladek J. , Sladek V. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBased on the Garlerkin method, the Galerkin finite block method (GFBM) is proposed to deal with two‐dimensional (2D) linear partial differential equations (PDEs) with variable coefficients in this paper. The mapping technique is utilized to transform a block in physical domain into normalized square. Physical variables are approximated with double layer Chebyshev polynomials for 2D problem. A set of linear algebraic equation is formulated with the Chebyshev polynomials from PDE and boundary conditions in weak form. Continuous conditions at interfacial surfaces between two blocks are introduced in either weak form or strong form. It is demonstrated that the GFBM is suitable to deal with complicated problems with high accuracy including discontinuous boundary values problem and concentrated heat sources in the domain. Several numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method.
Imposing different boundary conditions for thermal computational homogenization problems with FFT‐ and tensor‐train‐based Green's operator methods
Authors: Risthaus Lennart , Schneider Matti 
Published: January 2024

AbstractTo compute the effective properties of random heterogeneous materials, a number of different boundary conditions are used to define the apparent properties on cells of finite size. Typically, depending on the specific boundary condition, different numerical methods are used. The article at hand provides a unified framework for Lippmann–Schwinger solvers in thermal conductivity and Dirichlet (prescribed temperature), Neumann (prescribed normal heat flux) as well as periodic boundary conditions. We focus on the explicit jump finite‐difference discretization and discuss different techniques for computing the discrete Green's operator. These include Fourier‐type methods, that is, based on discrete sine, cosine and Fourier transformations, as well as low‐rank tensor methods, that is, the tensor‐train approximation, whose computational prowess was demonstrated recently. We use the developed computational technology to investigate a number of interesting random materials and assess different microstructure‐generation techniques in terms of their compatibility with the prescribed boundary conditions.
PAX2 is regulated by estrogen/progesterone through promoter methylation in endometrioid adenocarcinoma and has an important role in carcinogenesis via the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway
Authors: Chen Hui , Li Lingjun , Liu Huimin , Qin Ping , Chen Ruichao , Liu Shaoyan , Xiong Hanzhen , Li Yang , Yang Zhongfeng , Xie Mingyu , Yang Haili , Jiang Qingping 
Published: January 2024

AbstractEndometrioid adenocarcinoma (EEC) is one of the most common cancers of the female reproductive system. In recent years, much emphasis has been placed on early diagnosis and treatment. PAX2 (Paired box 2) inactivation is reportedly an important biomarker for endometrioid intraepithelial neoplasia (EIN) and EEC. However, the role of PAX2 in EEC carcinogenesis remains unclear. PAX2 expression and associated clinical characteristics were analyzed via The Cancer Genome Atlas, Gene Expression Omnibus, and Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia databases and clinical paired EIN/EEC tissue samples. Bioinformatic analysis was conducted to identify the putative molecular function and mechanism of PAX2. Cell proliferation, colony formation, cell migration, and invasion assays in vitro, and mouse xenograft models were utilized to study the biological functions of PAX2 in vivo. Pyrosequencing and the demethylating drug 5‐Aza‐dc were used to verify promoter methylation in clinical tissues and cell lines, respectively. The mechanism underlying the regulatory effect of estrogen (E2) and progesterone (P4) on PAX2 expression was investigated by receptor block assay and double luciferase reporter assay. PAX2 expression was found to be significantly downregulated in EIN and EEC tissues, its overexpression inhibited EEC cell malignant behaviors in vivo and in vitro and inhibited the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. PAX2 inactivation in EEC was related to promoter methylation, and its expression was regulated by E2 and P4 through their receptors via promoter methylation. Our findings elucidated the expression and function of PAX2 in EEC and have provided hitherto undocumented evidence of the underlying molecular mechanisms. PAX2 expression is suppressed by estrogen prompting its methylation through estrogen receptor. Furthermore, PAX2 regulates the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway to influence EEC progression. © 2024 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Omission of adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with completely necrotic Wilms tumor stage I and radiotherapy in stage III: The 30‐year SIOP‐RTSG experience
Authors: Vujanić Gordan M. , Graf Norbert , D'Hooghe Ellen , Pritchard‐Jones Kathy , Bergeron Christophe , Tinteren Harm van , Furtwängler Rhoikos ,   for the International Society of Paediatric Oncology Renal Tumour Study Group (SIOP‐RTSG)
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundCompletely necrotic Wilms tumor (CN‐WT) following preoperative chemotherapy has been regarded as low‐risk WT since the International Society of Paediatric Oncology (SIOP) 93‐01 study, and patients have been treated with reduced postoperative therapy. The aim of the study was to evaluate whether the omission of adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with localized CN‐WT stage I and radiotherapy in stage III was safe.Patients and methodsThe retrospective observational study of outcomes of patients diagnosed with localized CN‐WT on central pathology review and treated according to the SIOP 93‐01 and SIOP‐WT‐2001 protocols (1993–2022).ResultsThere were 125 patients with localized CN‐WT: 90 with stage I, 10 with stage II, and 25 with stage III. Sixty‐two of 125 (49.6%) patients had a discrepant diagnosis and/or staging between the institutional pathologist and central pathology review. In the group of 90 patients with stage I, postoperative chemotherapy was not given to 41 (46%) patients, whereas 49 patients received postoperative chemotherapy—in the latter group, two patients relapsed, and one of them died. One stage I and one stage II patient developed chemotherapy‐induced toxicity and died. Nineteen of 25 patients with stage III received no flank radiotherapy. No stage III patient relapsed or died. The overall 5‐year event‐free survival (EFS) estimate for the entire cohort (stages I–III) was 96.8% [95% confidence interval, CI: 93.6%–99.6%] and the overall survival (OS) was 97.6% [95% CI: 95.0–100%]. The EFS and OS were 97% and 98%, respectively, for stage I, and 100% for stage III.ConclusionOmission of postoperative chemotherapy for patients with CN‐WT stage I, and radiotherapy for stage III is safe. Rapid central pathology review is required to assign appropriate treatment and avoid treatment‐related side effects.
Flammability and thermal resistance of Ceiba petandra fiber‐reinforced composite with snail powder filler
Authors: Diharjo Kuncoro , Gapsari Femiana , Andoko Andoko , Wijaya Ming Narto , Mavinkere Rangappa Sanjay , Siengchin Suchart 
Published: January 2024

AbstractNatural fiber composites are not suitable for use in industries due to their flammability and low thermal resistance. Inorganic metal‐based fillers are known to enhance the flammability and thermal resistance of composites, while the thermal and fire‐retardant properties of organic fillers are not commonly known. This study evaluated the mechanical, thermal, and flammability properties of Ceiba petandra fiber (CPF)‐reinforced composites, which were added with snail powder (SP). To study the thermal resistance of the composite, a dynamic mechanical analyzer (DMA) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were applied. SP Filler concentration increased the composite's tensile strength and thermal resistance. DMA test results showed the same trend as the composite's density value. The flame rate parameters of the composite, including the percentage of char yield and the limitation index oxygen (LOI), rose as the SP filler increased. However, the flame rate of the composite dropped because SP filler inhibited the movement of oxygen, combustible gas, and polyester degradation products. The addition of organic fillers in natural fiber composites promises better flammability and thermal resistance.
Quality evaluation of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos from different origins based on high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) fingerprinting and multicomponent quantitative analysis combined with chemical pattern recognition
Authors: Zhang Jie , Yu Xiao , Yang Ran , Zheng Bingqing , Zhang Yongqing , Zhang Fang 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIntroductionLonicerae Japonicae Flos (LJF) is widely used in food and traditional Chinese medicine. To meet demand, Lonicera japonica Thunb. is widely cultivated in many provinces of China. However, reported studies on the quality evaluation of LJF only used a single or a few active components as indicators, which could not fully reflect the quality of LJF.ObjectivesIn the present study, we aimed to develop a methodology for comprehensively evaluating the quality of LJF from different origins based on high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) fingerprinting and multicomponent quantitative analysis combined with chemical pattern recognition.Materials and methodsThe HPLC method was developed for fingerprint analysis and was used to determine the contents of 19 components of LJF. To distinguish between samples and identify differential components, similarity analysis, hierarchical cluster analysis, principal component analysis, and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis were performed.ResultsThe HPLC fingerprint was established. Using the developed method, the contents of 19 components recognized in the fingerprint analysis were determined. Samples from different origins could be effectively distinguished.ConclusionsHPLC fingerprinting and multicomponent quantitative analysis combined with chemical pattern recognition is an efficient method for evaluating LJF.
Crystal structures reveal that the sterically hindered pivaloyl‐cisProlyl amide bond is energetically frustrated
Authors: Banerjee Shreya , Gupta Sunil K. , Pal Sunit , Prabhakaran Erode N. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundCisPro/transPro isomerism at the prolyl amide bond is a fundamental dynamism governing protein folding, structure, and functions. Since cisPro crystal structures are rare, the interactions influencing their structures are less understood, unlike transPro. Crystal data for the sterically hindered pivaloyl‐cisProlyl amide bond (2,2‐dimethyl‐1‐(1‐pyrrolidinyl)‐1‐propanone, Piv‐cisPro) were particularly lacking for decades. Here we introduce Piv‐Pro‐Xaa‐OMe dipeptides which crystallize with the elusive Piv‐cisPro (Xaa is Leu/Ile) and the abundant Piv‐transPro (Xaa is Gly/Phe) conformers.ResultsNatural bond orbital, quantum theory of atoms in molecules, and density functional theory calculations performed on these crystal structures and on the rotamers of the pivaloyl group reveal the presence of two constant n➔σ* interactions and a network of varying van der Waals interactions with unfavorable energies influencing this cisPro/transPro dynamism. Both conformers are hence energetically frustrated. The Piv‐cisPro amide bond distorts significantly to lower its energy by avoiding hard sphere clashes. Still, only in a narrow range of 12° of rotation along the CαPiv‐CβPiv bond, the Piv‐cisPro energies are relatively more favorable than Piv‐transPro. Piv‐cisPro crystallizes within this range.ConclusionsInteractions that constrain the CαPiv‐CβPiv bond within this 12° range can further stabilize Piv‐cisPro in crystals. Current results provide the first insights into interactions governing Piv‐Pro amide bond isomerism.
Digital twin technology and ergonomics for comprehensive improvement of safety in the petrochemical industry
Authors: Jia Jinyang , Wang Xuetao , Xu Yang , Song Zehua , Zhang Zimeng , Wu Jiaqi , Liu Ziyu 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn order to improve the safety performance of the complete industrial chain, the petrochemical industry is in urgent need of digitalization and modernization. Considering two types of safety issues, namely safety hazards originating from non‐human and human sources, this paper proposes two solutions. Digital twin technology provides an effective way for the integration of the physical and information worlds through bidirectional real mapping and real‐time interaction between physical and virtual production lines, which can meet the high requirements of safety, stability, and continuity in the production process. On the other hand, micro‐ergonomics improves human–machine interaction, enhances comfort and work efficiency, and reduces negative emotions and the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders; macro‐ergonomics and health, safety, environment, and ergonomics (HSEE) concepts take into account the human factor to maximize work efficiency and reduce the rate of injuries, morbidity, and accidents at work.
Knowledge diffusion in nascent industries: Asymmetries between startups and established firms in spurring inventions by other firms
Authors: Polidoro Francisco , Jacobs Charlotte 
Published: January 2024

AbstractResearch SummaryResearch on industry evolution highlights the role of knowledge‐building activities of startups and established firms in shaping knowledge evolution in a nascent industry. Yet, research thus far has overlooked the possibility that differences between startups and established firms might also shape the diffusion of the knowledge that they build. This study abductively explores this conjecture in the context of solar energy by examining the extent to which the photovoltaic cell inventions that firms create spur subsequent inventions by other firms. In contrast with existing literature highlighting differences across firms in the types of inventions they create, this study reveals asymmetries between startups and established firms in the diffusion of the knowledge underlying their inventions, even when they create inventions with similar attributes.Managerial SummaryThis study examines differences between startups and established firms in shaping knowledge diffusion in a nascent industry. Using data from photovoltaic cell patents, it shows that startups' inventions spur more subsequent inventions by other firms, even when compared to established firms' inventions with similar attributes. Findings indicate that such asymmetry is not driven by knowledge transfer mechanisms but rather by factors associated with knowledge spillovers. Specifically, findings reveal that university citations of a startup's patents draw other firms' attention to those patents, and that startups are less able to preempt rivals through cumulative inventions and less able to rely on litigiousness to deter rivals from building on their patents. These findings underscore the asymmetric influence startups have in shaping the knowledge underlying a nascent industry.
Interfacial Triboelectricity Lights Up Phosphor‐Polymer Elastic Composites: Unraveling the Mechanism of Mechanoluminescence in Zinc Sulfide Microparticle‐Embedded Polydimethylsiloxane Films
Authors: Lee Gyudong , Song Seongkyu , Jeong Woo Hyeon , Lee Cheoljae , Kim June‐Seo , Lee Ju‐Hyuck , Choi Jongmin , Choi Hyosung , Kim Younghoon , Lim Sung Jun , Jeong Soon Moon 
Published: January 2024

AbstractComposites comprising copper‐doped zinc sulfide phosphor microparticles embedded in polydimethylsiloxane (ZnS:Cu–PDMS) have received significant attention over the past decade because of their bright and durable mechanoluminescence (ML); however, the underlying mechanism of this unique ML remains unclear. This study reports empirical and theoretical findings that confirm this ML is an electroluminescence (EL) of the ZnS:Cu phosphor induced by the triboelectricity generated at the ZnS:Cu microparticle–PDMS matrix interface. ZnS:Cu microparticles that exhibit bright ML are coated with alumina, an oxide with strong positive triboelectric properties; the contact separation between this oxide coating and PDMS, a polymer with strong negative triboelectric properties, produces sufficient interfacial triboelectricity to induce EL in ZnS:Cu microparticles. The ML of ZnS:Cu–PDMS composites varies on changing the coating material, exhibiting an intensity that is proportional to the amount of interfacial triboelectricity generated in the system. Finally, based on these findings, a mechanism that explains the ML of phosphor–polymer elastic composites (interfacial triboelectric field‐driven alternating‐current EL model) is proposed in this study. It is believed that understanding this mechanism will enable the development of new materials (beyond ZnS:Cu–PDMS systems) with bright and durable ML.
Solid‐Phase Molecular Self‐Assembly Enabled Glue‐Free Antifatigue Laminate Programmable Materials
Authors: Qi Jinwan , Zhao Hongxin , Wang Wenkai , Gao Shuitao , Huang Jianbin , Yan Yun 
Published: January 2024

AbstractRepeated programmability has emerged as a desired property in smart device engineering, but the programmability will fatigue upon repeated applications due to the unmatched mechanical property between the layer materials and the polymeric glue that is required to integrate the two individual oriented layers. It is reported here that glue‐free antifatigue programmable laminate materials can be made with films resulted from solid‐phase molecular self‐assembly (SPMSA). The SPMSA films are created by squeezing the precipitates of oppositely charged polyelectrolytes and DTAB with a noodle machine, where the hydrophobic DTAB molecules self‐assembled into wormlike micelles and oriented along the squeezing direction. The surface molecules in this film are endowed with sufficient mobility in the presence of hydration water, so that two such films are able to be pressed into a laminate material owing to the hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions between the molecules on the two adjacent surfaces. As the water evaporated gradually, the left laminate materials are glue‐free with the same composition. When many of such films are integrated with specific designs, complicated shape programming is able to be achieved, and the programmability is reversible without fatigue. The current strategy is envisioned as a potent intriguing pathway leading to advanced programable materials.
α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors induce long‐term synaptic enhancement in the dorsal but not ventral hippocampus
Authors: Tsotsokou Giota , Kouri Vasiliki , Papatheodoropoulos Costas 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAgents that positively modulate the activity of α7nAChRs are used as cognitive enhancers and for the treatment of hippocampus‐dependent functional decline. However, it is not known whether the expression and the effects of α7nAChRs apply to the entire longitudinal axis of the hippocampus equally. Given that cholinergic system‐involving hippocampal functions are not equally distributed along the hippocampus, we comparatively examined the expression and the effects of α7nAChRs on excitatory synaptic transmission between the dorsal and the ventral hippocampal slices from adult rats. We found that α7nAChRs are equally expressed in the CA1 field of the two segments of the hippocampus. However, activation of α7nAChRs by their highly selective agonist PNU 282987 induced a gradually developing increase in field excitatory postsynaptic potential only in the dorsal hippocampus. This long‐term potentiation was not reversed upon application of nonselective nicotinic receptor antagonist mecamylamine, but the induction of potentiation was prevented by prior blockade of α7nAChRs by their antagonist MG 624. In contrast to the long‐term synaptic plasticity, we found that α7nAChRs did not modulate short‐term synaptic plasticity in either the dorsal or the ventral hippocampus. These results may have implications for the role that α7nAChRs play in specifically modulating functions that depend on the normal function of the dorsal hippocampus. We propose that hippocampal functions that rely on a direct α7 nAChR‐mediated persistent enhancement of glutamatergic synaptic transmission are preferably supported by dorsal but not ventral hippocampal synapses.
A potential mechanism clue to the periodic storm from microglia activation and progressive neuron damage induced by paraquat exposure
Authors: Shi Ge , Zhang Chunhui , Bai Xinghua , Sun Jian , Wang KaiDong , Meng Qi , Li Yang , Hu Guiling , Hu Rong , Cai Qian , Huang Min 
Published: January 2024

AbstractParaquat (PQ), is characterized by neurotoxicity, which increases the potential risk of Parkinson's disease (PD) exposure in the long‐term and low doses. Triggering microglia activation and neuroinflammation is deemed an early event resulting in PD. However, the underlying pathogenesis of PD by PQ is not clear yet. In this article, C57BL/6J mice treated with PQ could successfully act out Parkinson‐like. In addition, we observed the fluorescence intensity enhancement of Iba‐1 activated microglia with released pro‐inflammatory, all ahead of both the damage of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and corpus striatum of the brain. Surprisingly, the injection of minocycline before PQ for many hours not only can effectively improve the neurobehavioral symptoms of mice but inhibit the activation of microglia and the release of pro‐inflammatory substances, even controlling the gradual damage and loss of neurons. A further mechanism of minocycline hampered the expression levels of key signaling proteins PI3K, PDK1, p‐AKT, and CD11b (the receptor of microglia membrane recognition), while a large number of inflammatory factors. Our results suggested that the CD11b/PI3K/NOX2 pathway may be a clue that microglia‐mediated inflammatory responses and neuronal damage in a PQ‐induced abnormal behavior Parkinson‐like mouse.
Unraveling neoantigen‐associated genes in bladder cancer: An in‐depth analysis employing 101 machine learning algorithms
Authors: Lv Fang , Xiong Qi , Qi Meiying , Dai Caixia , Zhang Xiuhong , Cheng Shunhua 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe therapeutic outcomes for bladder cancer (BLCA) remain suboptimal. Concurrently, there is a growing appreciation for the role of neoantigens in tumors. In this study, we explored the mechanisms underlying the involvement of neoantigen‐associated genes in BLCA and their impact on prognosis. Our analysis incorporated both single‐cell sequencing and bulk sequencing data sourced from publicly available databases. By employing a comprehensive set of 10 machine learning algorithms, we generated 101 algorithm combinations. The optimal combination, determined based on consistency indices, was utilized to construct a prognostic model comprising nine genes (CAPG, ACTA2, PDIA6, AKNA, PTMS, SNAP23, ID2, CD3G, SP140). Subsequently, we validated this model in an independent cohort, demonstrating its robust testing efficacy. Moreover, we explored the correlations between various clinical traits, model scores, and genes. Leveraging extensive public data resources, we conducted a drug sensitivity analysis to provide insights for targeted drug screening. Additionally, consensus clustering analysis and immune infiltration analysis were performed on bulk sequencing datasets and immunotherapy cohorts. These analyses yield valuable insights into the role of neoantigens in BLCA, guiding future research endeavors.