bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interactions between MC3T3‐E1 cells and textured Ti6Al4V surfaces
Authors: Soboyejo W. O. , Nemetski B. , Allameh S. , Marcantonio N. , Mercer C. , Ricci J. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThis paper presents the results of an experimental study of the interactions between MC3T3‐E1 (mouse calvarian) cells and textured Ti6Al4V surfaces, including surfaces produced by laser microgrooving; blasting with alumina particles; and polishing. The multiscale interactions between MC3T3‐E1 cells and these textured surfaces are studied using a combination of optical scanning transmission electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. The potential cytotoxic effects of microchemistry on cell–surface interactions also are considered in studies of cell spreading and orientation over 9‐day periods. These studies show that cells on microgrooved Ti6Al4V geometries that are 8 or 12 μm deep undergo contact guidance and limited cell spreading. Similar contact guidance is observed on the surfaces of diamond‐polished surfaces on which nanoscale grooves are formed due to the scratching that occurs during polishing. In contrast, random cell orientations are observed on alumina‐blasted Ti6Al4V surfaces. The possible effects of surface topography are discussed for scar‐tissue formation and improved cell–surface integration. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 62: 56–72, 2002
Analyses of rampant corrosion in stainless‐steel retainers of orthodontic patients
Authors: Kusy R. P. , Ambrose W. W. , LaVanier L. A. , Newman J. G. , Whitley J. Q. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractRetainers were collected from private, university, and dental labs. After viewing these corroded and control appliances using scanning electron microscopy, corroded maxillary and mandibular retainers were selected along with a control stainless‐steel retainer for in‐depth chemical analysis. Using electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis, monochromated Al x‐rays were rastered over areas 1.5 × 0.3 mm. After survey spectra were acquired, high‐resolution multiplex scans were obtained and binding energy shifts were noted. Using Auger electron spectroscopy, a spot size of approximately 30 nm was analyzed. Photos, survey scans, and depth profiles were acquired using a 3.5kV Ar+ ion beam that was calibrated using a SiO2 standard. Via electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis, the brown stains contained Fe and Cr decomposition products in which three carbon species were present. Proteinaceous N was found as amines or amides. No Ni was present because it had solubilized. The Cr:Fe ratio indicated severe Cr depletion in the stained regions (0.2) versus the control regions (1.3). The stained regions appeared mottled, having both dark and light areas. Via AES, the dark versus light areas of the stained regions indicated that there was an absence versus a presence of both Cr and Ni. In the dark areas corrosion penetrated 700 nm; in the light areas the depth equaled 30 nm. By comparison, the passivated layer of the control retainer was 10‐nm thick. After sputtering away the affected areas, all specimens had similar spectra as the control regions. The bacterial environment created the mottled appearance and induced electrochemical potential differences so that, upon reducing the passivated layer, an otherwise corrosion‐resistant alloy became susceptible to rampant corrosion. An integrated biological‐biomaterial model is presented for the classic case of an orthodontic acrylic‐based stainless steel retainer subject to crevice corrosion. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 62: 106–118, 2002
Hyaluronate‐heparin conjugate gels for the delivery of basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF‐2)
Authors: Liu Lin‐Shu , Ng Chee‐Keng , Thompson Andrea Y. , Poser James W. , Spiro Robert C. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe stability and activity of recombinant growth factors administered locally for the repair of damaged tissue can be directly influenced by the physical structure and chemical composition of the delivery matrix. This study describes a novel basic fibroblast growth factor‐2 (FGF‐2) delivery system synthesized by the conjugation of a structure‐stabilizing polymer, hyaluronate (HA), with a sulfated glycosaminoglycan, heparin (HP), that has inherent specific binding sites for members of the FGF family. The biopolymers were formed via stable amine or labile imine bonds by coupling amine‐modified HA with oxidized heparin. The addition of recombinant human FGF‐2 resulted in the rapid binding of FGF‐2 to the heparin segment of the hyaluronate‐heparin (HAHP) conjugate. The FGF‐2 was released in vitro from the imine‐bonded (HAHPi) gels in the form of FGF‐2‐heparin complexes through the hydrolysis of the imine bonds. In contrast, the release of growth factor from the more stable amine‐bonded (HAHPa) gels required treatment with free heparin or enzymatic digestion of the hyaluronate segment. Functional analysis of the released FGF‐2 showed that the HAHP conjugate gels increased both the stability and activity of the growth factor. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 62: 128–135, 2002
A reporter‐cell assay for the detection of BMP‐2 immobilized on porous and nonporous materials
Authors: Wiemann M. , Jennissen H. P. , Rumpf H. , Winkler L. , Chatzinikolaidou M. , Schmitz I. , Bingmann D. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractHuman recombinant bone morphogenetic protein‐2 (rhBMP‐2) immobilized on the surface of metal implants can facilitate osseointegration. Here, we describe a cell reporter assay useful for quantifying small amounts of immobilized rhBMP‐2 on various materials. The peptide was dotted and heat‐fixed on titanium, 316L stainless steel, nitrocellulose, or glass, and its distribution was monitored by in situ biotinylation followed by detection with the avidin–biotin method. Bioactivity of rhBMP‐2 was demonstrated by means of a confluent layer of osteoblastic MC3T3‐E1 cells that evenly covered rhBMP‐2–free and rhBMP‐2–loaded surface areas, as shown with epifluorescence microscopy of calcein acetoxymethyl (AM)‐loaded cells. Expression of osteocalcin, fibronectin, actin, and vimentin increased where cells were located on rhBMP‐2 dotted areas, but the signal:noise ratio was too low to bioassay the peptide. However, local pronounced expression of alkaline phosphatase was used to quantify BMP‐2 in the range of 5–80 ng/dot by means of a cytochemical color reaction for alkaline phosphatase and image analysis of resulting dots. The lower detection limit was in the order nitrocellulose > glass > titanium > 316L steel. We conclude that the cell reporter assay is useful to assess biological activity of rhBMP‐2 even after immobilization on three‐dimensional implant materials. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 62: 119–127, 2002
Study of a hydraulic dicalcium phosphate dihydrate/calcium oxide‐based cement for dental applications
Authors: El Briak Hasna , Durand Denis , Nurit Josiane , Munier Sylvie , Pauvert Bernard , Boudeville Phillipe 
Published: September 2002

AbstractBy mixing CaHPO4 · 2H2O (DCPD) and CaO with water or sodium phosphate buffers as liquid phase, a calcium phosphate cement was obtained. Its physical and mechanical properties, such as compressive strength, initial and final setting times, cohesion time, dough time, swelling time, dimensional and thermal behavior, and injectability were investigated by varying different parameters such as liquid to powder (L/P) ratio (0.35–0.7 ml g−1), molar calcium to phosphate (Ca/P) ratio (1.67–2.5) and the pH (4, 7, and 9) and the concentration (0–1 M) of the sodium phosphate buffer. The best results were obtained with the pH 7 sodium phosphate buffer at the concentration of 0.75 M. With this liquid phase, physical and mechanical properties depended on the Ca/P and L/P ratios, varying from 3 to 11 MPa (compressive strength), 6 to 10 min (initial setting time), 11 to 15 min (final setting time), 15 to 30 min (swelling time), 7 to 20 min (time of 100% injectability). The dough or working time was over 16 min. This cement expanded during its setting (1.2–5 % according to Ca/P and L/P ratios); this would allow a tight filling. Given the mechanical and rheological properties of this new DCPD/CaO‐based cement, its use as root canal sealing material can be considered as classical calcium hydroxide or ZnO/eugenol‐based pastes, without or with a gutta‐percha point. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res (Appl Biomater) 63: 447–453, 2002
Osteogenic stem cells and orthopedic engineering: Summary and update
Authors: Triffitt James T. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe use of osteogenic stem cells or osteoprogenitors to reconstruct skeletal tissues is a popular area of research investigation with high potential for successful use of tissue‐engineering principles in orthopedics. Recent studies demonstrate the migration of marrow‐derived stem cells to skeletal sites and the proliferation and differentiation at local tissue sites and support possibilities for assessing the successful uses of human osteoprogenitors in the treatment of bone deficiency diseases. In addition, the development of gene therapy procedures in these and other conditions is now considered an achievable goal with the use of these primitive marrow cells. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res (Appl Biomater) 63: 384–389, 2002
In situ study of partially crystallized Bioglass® and hydroxylapatite in vitro bioactivity using atomic force microscopy
Authors: Leonor I. B. , Ito A. , Onuma K. , Kanzaki N. , Zhong Z. P. , Greenspan D. , Reis R. L. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe present work investigates, in situ, the in vitro bioactivity of partially crystallized 45S5 Bioglass® (BG) as a function of immersion time in a simulated body fluid (SBF) using atomic force microscopy (AFM). The results obtained for the crystallized BG® were compared to those of hydroxyapatite c‐ and a‐faces. The calcium phosphate layer grows on the crystallized 45S5 B® by multiple two‐dimensional nucleation and fusion of these two‐dimensional islands, which is essentially the same mode as for the hydroxyapatite c‐face. The surface of the crystallized 45S5 BG® was almost fully covered with a dense and compact calcium phosphate layer after 24 h. The calcium phosphate formation on the crystallized BG® arises from a low surface energy of the surface layer and/or an effect of the layer to lower the resistance when the growth units of calcium phosphate incorporate into the growing island. These results indicate that the crystallized 45S5 BG® is suitable to be used as a filler for polymeric matrix bioactive composites, as it maintains a high bioactivity associated with a stiffer behavior (as compared to standard BG®). © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 62: 82–88, 2002
Parallelization of multireference perturbation calculations with GAMESS
Authors: Umeda Hiroaki , Koseki Shiro , Nagashima Umpei , Schmidt Michael W. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe quasi‐degenerate multireference second‐order perturbation theory (MRMP2) routines in the GAMESS suite of program codes have been parallelized using a distributed data interface (DDI). Two typical kinds of molecules were chosen for examination of parallelization speedup using one to eight PCs gathered as a cluster and connected by Fast Ethernet. The first example, in which total energies of several low‐lying electronic states have been obtained for niobium monohydride, give parallelization speedup of 7.15 when eight PCs were used as a cluster. The second example is the ground‐state total energy for a medium sized molecule, 4a,4b,8a,9a‐tetrahydro‐pyridino[1′,2′‐4,3]imidazo‐lidino[1,5‐a]pyridine. When distributed memory is employed, the parallelization speedup improves to 6.84 for the MRMP2 calculations when an eight‐PC cluster is used. These results demonstrate that our efforts to achieve the parallelization of MRMP2 routines have been successful. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Comput Chem 22: 1243–1251, 2001
Application of an improved biuret method to the determination of total protein in urine and cerebrospinal fluid without concentration step by use of Hitachi 7170 auto‐analyzer
Authors: Guobing Xu , Lili Jiao , Lihua Zhu , Tiean Xia 
Published: September 2002

AbstractA biuret automated colorimetric assay for total protein in urine and cerebrospinal fluids was established. The procedures were as follows. Acidify all urine sample before analysis. Add precipitant Na2WO4 to urine samples. After 10 min, centrifuge, decant the supernatant fluid, drain the inverted tubes on absorbent tissue, dissolve the precipitation with 0.1 mol/L NaOH, and finally adapt the reconstituted urine to the Hitachi 7170 analyzer. A cell‐free cerebrospinal fluid sample produced by centrifugation can be inserted in an auto‐analyzer for protein measurement directly. The program: mix 35 μl sample (CSF or reconstituted urine) and standard with 0.2 mol/L NaOH; incurable at 37°C for 5 min, and real A1. Add concentrated biuret reagent, and 10 min later measure absorbance A2 at 546 nm vs. reagent blank. Secondary wavelength was 700 nm. The test results were calculated against a one‐point standard. This biuret colorimetric method was relatively simple, fast, and accurate for the determination of protein in urine and cerebrospinal fluid, with a wide linearity extending from 0.125 g/L up to 6 g/L, had a good correlation with Benzethonium chloride turbidimetry technique, and was a practical routine method. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 15:161–164, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sensitive and rapid immunoassays for Salmonella enteritidis
Authors: Liu J.‐L. , Benson C.E. , Munro D.S. , Wolf B. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractIn order to develop more sensitive, specific, and rapid immunoassays to detect Salmonella enteritidis in food supplies, we have applied various approaches by using several different antibody preparations. Utilizing ELISA in both a plate and immunodot assay, we employed (i) a polycolonal rabbit antiserum to a boiled suspension of the organism; (ii) a monoclonal antibody to the cell surface of the bacterium; and (iii) mouse antisera to two oligosaccharides each containing the rare sugar tyvelose, and exhibited by S. enteritidis, a member of the group D salmonellae. We showed that the polyclonal antiserum and monoclonal antibody IG‐10 to the cell surface could specifically detect from 102 to 103 organisms in a 10‐μl sample in the plate and immunodot assay. Both assays are read in 4–5 hr. Further, in the mice immunized to the trisaccharide, (α‐D‐galactose‐α‐tyvelose‐α‐D‐mannose), as well as those mice immunized to the tetrasaccharide, (α‐D‐galactose‐α‐tyvelose‐α‐D‐mannose‐α‐L‐rhamnose), specificity to tyvelose was determined by inhibition studies. The inhibitors of the antisera to the trisaccharide included the single sugar tyvelose conjugated to bovine serum albumin (BSA), a tetrasaccharide in which tyvelose is excluded, but contains α‐D‐galactose, α‐ascarose, α‐D‐mannose, and α‐L‐rhamnose (conjugated to BSA), and others. The inhibition studies suggest that the mouse antisera are specific for tyvelose and also contain antibodies for mannose and rhamnose. The antibodies that have been made to the unique sugar tyvelose should improve the specificity in assays for S. enteritidis. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 15:165–170, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Asian multicenter trials on urinary type IV collagen in patients with diabetic nephropathy
Authors: Tomino Yasuhiko , Suzuki Shigenobu , Azushima Chieko , Shou Ichiyu , Iijima Toshihiko , Yagame Mitsunori , Wang Li Ning , Chen Hung‐Chun , Lai Kar‐Neng , Tan Si Yen , Kim Myung Jae 
Published: September 2002

AbstractTo investigate the changes of renal type IV collagen turnover in diabetic nephropathy, urinary type IV collagen was measured by a highly sensitive one‐step sandwich enzyme immunoassay (EIA). Urinary samples were obtained from 698 diabetic patients and 191 healthy adults. Among the patients, 264 had urinary albumin levels of less than 29 mg/g·creatine (Cr) (Stage I: normoalbuminuric stage), 169 had microalbuminuria from 30 to 299 mg/g·Cr (Stage II: microalbuminuric stage), 84 patients had macroalbuminuria of more than 300 mg/g·Cr and serum Cr of less than 1.1 mg/dl (Stage IIIA: macroalbuminuric stage without renal dysfunction), 97 had macroalbuminuria of more than 300 mg/g·Cr and serum Cr of more than 1.2 mg/dl (Stage IIIB: macroalbuminuric stage with renal dysfunction), and 84 had renal failure (Stage IV). The levels of urinary type IV collagen in Stages II, IIIA, IIIB, and IV were significantly higher than those in Stage I (P < 0.0001). The level of urinary type IV collagen in Stage I (5.00 ± 0.23 μg/g·Cr; mean ± SE) was also higher than that in normal adults (3.44 ± 0.11 μg/g·Cr; mean ± SE). These levels increased gradually due to progression of the clinical stage of diabetic nephropathy. It appears that the levels of urinary type IV collagen can be a useful marker for detecting renal injuries in diabetes according to our Asian multicenter trials. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 15:188–192, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Characterization of serum and urinary chromogranin A by size exclusion chromatography: Impact on calibrator selection and urinary assay
Authors: Tsao K.‐C. , Liu G.H. , Chang P.‐Y. , Lin C.‐N. , Wu T.‐L. , Sun C.‐F. , Wu J.T. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractSerum chromogranin A (CgA) is a useful marker for neuroendocrine tumors and is detectable in carcinomas at advanced stages. Elevated serum CgA is also an indicator of poor prognosis in prostate cancer and is useful for predicting the failure of hormonal therapy for prostate cancer patients. We found that CgA molecules with three different sizes could be detected in normal human serum. However, only the largest CgA molecule appears in patients with liver disease. Serum taken from cancer patients is composed predominantly of the middle‐sized molecule, whereas the smallest CgA molecule was elevated in serum drawn from renal patients. Moreover, only the smallest CgA molecule was found in urine. We believe that the largest CgA molecule is metabolized by the liver, whereas the smallest CgA molecule is removed from the blood circulation via the kidney. Because the medium‐sized CgA is the dominant molecule in both the cell medium of the tumor cell line SK‐N‐AS and sera from patients with malignant diseases, CgA from the cell medium was selected as the calibrator for the CgA ELISA assay. Our findings also suggest that it would not be possible to measure the urinary CgA to reflect the serum CgA concentration in order to detect pheochromocytoma among patients with hypertension. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 15:193–198, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Research on posttraumatic stress disorder: Epidemiology, pathophysiology, and assessment
Authors: Schnurr Paula P. , Friedman Matthew J. , Bernardy Nancy C. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractPosttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a highly prevalent disorder in both clinical and community populations. This article reviews current knowledge about PTSD in order to assist clinicians in the diagnosis and treatment of reactions to traumatic life events. First, research findings are presented, followed by guidelines for the assessment of trauma and PTSD. Topics discussed include epidemiology, course, and comorbidity, as well as information processing and psychobiology. The review is limited to information about PTSD in adults, although some of the material may generalize to child and adolescent populations. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol/In Session 58: 877–889, 2002.
On mental events, disciplinary boundaries, and reductionism: A reply to Plaud
Authors: Ilardi Stephen S. , Feldman David 
Published: September 2002

AbstractPlaud's (2001) radical behavioral manifesto suggests that a psychological science based exclusively upon the study of environment‐behavior functional contingencies would yield a discipline unencumbered by mentalism, vaguely delineated disciplinary boundaries, or inappropriate reductionism. In reply, we note that: (a) mental events—e.g., thoughts and feelings—are increasingly accessible to objective investigation, and provide an observable proximal causal mechanism for the environmental selection of behavior; (b) the call for pristine disciplinary boundaries is anachronistic, inasmuch as progress in the natural sciences has engendered disciplinary boundaries that are increasingly porous; (c) cognitive neuroscience facilitates a comprehensive understanding of complex human behavior by mapping out the relationship between such behavior and underlying brain events, thereby engaging in an appropriate form of reductionism (constitutive reductionism) that has become a hallmark of the natural sciences; and (d) ironically, it is radical behaviorism, in its disavowal of the informational level of complexity instantiated in brain events, that engages in inappropriate eliminative reductionism (i.e., reducing neural information to “nothing but” its underlying bring states). © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Clin Psychol 57: 1103–1107, 2001.
Paradigms, promises, and the potential of clinical psychology
Authors: Strauman Timothy J. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractBoth Plaud's and Ilardi and Feldman's articles call for clinical psychology to redefine itself according to a particular paradigm or “unifying framework.” This commentary focuses on the nature of clinical psychology as an applied discipline, whether clinical psychology in fact has an urgent need for a unifying framework, and whether radical behaviorism or cognitive neuroscience could provide such a framework. It is concluded that, as an applied field that draws both theory and method from a number of natural and social sciences, clinical psychology is served best by continued development and appropriation of competing scientific viewpoints rather than by fealty to a single perspective or paradigm. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Clin Psychol 57: 1125–1132, 2001.
Solvent extraction of Zn(II) by Cyanex 923 and its application to a solid‐supported liquid membrane system
Authors: Alguacil Francisco José , Martínez Susana 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe extraction of zinc(II) by Cyanex 923 (phosphine oxides mixture) in Solvesso 100 from hydrochloric acid solution has been investigated. The extraction reaction is exothermic. The numerical analysis of metal distribution data suggests the formation of ZnCl2·L2,HZnCl3·2L and H2ZnCl4·2L(L = ligand) in the organic phase with formation constants Kext = 4.1,5.6 × 109 and 6.7 × 109, respectively. The results obtained for zinc(II) distribution have been implemented in a solid‐supported liquid membrane system. The influence of source phase stirring speed, membrane composition and metal concentration on zinc transport have been investigated.© 2001 Society of Chemical Industry
Ozonation of activated sludge in the recycle stream
Authors: Huysmans A , Weemaes M , Fonseca P A , Verstraete W 
Published: September 2002

AbstractIntermittent ozonation of a part of the recycle sludge was performed two times a week for a laboratory‐scale reactor at an average ozone dose of 0.019 g O3(gSSozonated)−1. Under these conditions a decrease of about 50% in sludge growth was obtained for the ozone‐treated system, in comparison with the control. As a consequence less sludge had to be removed from the test reactor. Only a slight decrease in quality of effluent was noticed. A comparative cost calculation was made, based on these results, between an ozone‐treated activated sludge system and a traditional activated sludge system.© 2001 Society of Chemical Industry