bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Opto‐Hydrodynamic Driven 3D Dynamic Microswarm Petals
Authors: Li Xing , Shi Yang , Pan Ting , Lu Dengyun , Zhu Guoshuai , Xiong Jianyun , Wang Danning , He Ziyi , Huang Jingping , Xin Hongbao 
Published: October 2023

AbstractArtificial microswarms with a collective intelligence that can execute cooperative tasks will serve as intelligent micro/nanorobot systems for many biomedical and microengineering applications. However, it remains challenging to construct microswarms with 3D dynamic and reconfigurable structures that can execute complex spatiotemporal‐dependent tasks. Here, simply using a tapered optical fiber (TOF) with 1.55 µm wavelength light irradiation, a convenient opto‐hydrodynamic strategy for 3D dynamic microswarm actuation based on photothermal gradient‐induced Marangoni effect is reported. With light irradiation at the water‐air interface, randomly distributed microparticles are reorganized into firework‐like 3D swarms with four petals. Such petals in the microswarm are controllably reconfigurable by adjusting the angle between TOF and water‐air interface. These microswarms are also deformable and capable of performing stable migration by simply moving the TOF. Importantly, this opto‐hydrodynamic strategy is applicable for the formation of artificial 3D‐dynamic bio‐microswarms using different biological cells, which further facilitate the regulation of biological processes such as bacteria growth/division. This opto‐hydrodynamic strategy provides a new solution for 3D dynamic microswarm formation, with many potentials for biomedical and microengineering applications that need spatiotemporal‐dependent individual cooperation.
Fast Lithium Niobate Photodetector
Authors: Jin Chunyan , Wang Chenxiong , Qu Lun , Zhang Di , Liu Qiang , You Jingfei , Zheng Dahuai , Wu Wei , Cai Wei , Ren Mengxin , Xu Jingjun 
Published: October 2023

AbstractDespite various successes in lithium niobate (LN) integrated photonic devices (e.g., light sources, waveguides, modulators, etc.), LN photodetectors (PD) that converts light into electrical signals have received less research attention. Here, fast LN PDs are demonstrated. Defect energy states are used within the forbidden band of the LN as electron donor centers to generate free carriers in the conduction band under optical excitation in the visible range. Compared with previous pyroelectric LN PDs whose response speeds are normally limited to the order of 100 Hz, these LN PDs show faster responses up to 10 kHz. The dependences of the PDs' performances on the electrode gap, external driving voltage, illumination power, and impurity dopants are also studied. This work provides a step toward high‐performance LN PDs for constructing monolithic full‐functional integrated LN photonic chips.
Design of compact low‐profile planar filtering antenna with enhanced suppression level
Authors: Yan Dong , Tang Hao‐Chun , Hu Kun‐Zhi , Pan Shuai‐Yu , Xiang Min , Luo Zhang , Wang Rui‐Qiong 
Published: October 2023

AbstractA compact low‐profile planar filtering antenna with an enhanced suppression level is presented in this paper. The presented antenna has a simple structure, consisting of an E‐shaped driving patch, a shorted parasitic patch, and a defected ground structure (DGS). The E‐shaped driving patch serves as an effective radiator and facilitates the filtering response. The shorted parasitic patch is horizontally arranged and coupled with the driving patch through the radiating edge. And a radiation null and an extra in‐band resonance can be generated, which would simultaneously broaden the impedance bandwidth and improve the suppression level. In addition, a DGS on the metalized ground plane is etched to introduce another radiation null, and the out‐of‐band suppression level would be significantly enhanced. The filtering antenna with a center frequency of 3 GHz was constructed and tested to verify its performance. The measured values, which indicate a bandwidth of 10% (2.85–3.15 GHz) and a peak realized gain of 5.2 dBi, are in agreement with the simulated values. The presented filtering antenna features a low profile of 0.016λ0, a compact antenna size of 0.16λ20, as well as an improved suppression level of more than 22 dB.
Technical note: 3D‐printed MRI‐compatible syringe pump
Authors: Holland Martin D. , Lee Seth , Kim Harrison 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACTBackgroundA power injector is typically employed to deliver a contrast agent to a subject (e.g., humans, animals, phantoms) during MRI, but it is costly and cannot inject more than one subject at a time. Conventional syringe pumps housing multiple syringes are typically non‐MRI compatible and, thus, should be placed outside the MRI room.PurposeTo develop the prototype of a cost‐effective, easy‐to‐use, reliable syringe pump that could be deployed inside a clinical MRI bore and operated on during a scan.MethodsThe MRI‐compatible syringe pump (MSP) was designed using Solidworks 3D modeling software and fabricated using a Raise3D Pro2 Printer. The MSP was designed to infuse up to three syringes simultaneously. The injection speed was mainly controlled with different gear sets in the escapement unit and further adjusted by changing the effective hairspring length via a pinch pin. The MSP was evaluated with three gear sets (gear ratios: 0.20:1, 0.56:1, and 1.09:1) and 10 different effective hairspring lengths at each gear ratio. A video was recorded while operating MSP at each injection speed to calculate the volume injection rate of a 5‐mL syringe (mL/s). The MSP was operated five times repeatedly at each injection speed, and the mean and standard deviation of the volume injection rate were calculated.ResultsThe volume injection rates produced by three gear ratios (0.20:1, 0.56:1, and 1.09:1) were 0.209 ± 0.003 mL/s, 0.411 ± 0.002 mL/s, and 0.625 ± 0.006 mL/s, respectively, at the full hairspring length. The injection rates of gear set 1 (gear ratio: 0.20:1) decreased from 0.273 ± 0.001 mL/s to 0.245 ± 0.001 mL/s with a decrement of 0.003 mL/s for 10 different effective hairspring lengths (r = 0.997, p < 0.001). The injection rates of gear set 2 (gear ratio: 0.56:1) decreased from 0.519 ± 0.003 mL/s to 0.469 ± 0.003 mL/s with a decrement of 0.006 mL/s (r = 0.987, p < 0.001), and that of gear set 3 (gear ratio: 1.09:1) decreased from 0.779 ± 0.012 mL/s to 0.709 ± 0.005 mL/s with a decrement of 0.007 mL/s (r = 0.963, p < 0.001). The coefficient of variation in the injection rate measurement was 0.727 ± 0.346%.ConclusionsThe MSP is a portable device that can reliably deliver a liquid agent to multiple subjects inside a clinical MRI bore during a scan.
Electrical impedance myography in healthy volunteers
Authors: Offit Michelle B. , Mohammad Khanli Hadi , Wu Tianxia , Lehky Tanya J. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIntroduction/AimsElectrical impedance myography (EIM) is a noninvasive technique being used in clinical studies to characterize muscle by phase, reactance, and resistance after application of a low‐intensity current. The aim of this study was to obtain 50‐kHz EIM data from healthy volunteers (HVs) for use in future clinical and research studies, perform reliability tests on EIM outcome measures, and compare findings with muscle ultrasound variables.MethodsFour arm and four leg muscles of HVs were evaluated using an EIM device with two sensors, P/N 20‐0045 and P/N 014‐009. Muscles were evaluated individually and eight‐muscle average (8MU), four‐muscle upper extremity average, and four‐muscle lower extremity average. An intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was applied to assess interrater, intrarater, and intersensor reliability using a subset of HVs. Ultrasound studies on muscle thickness and elastography were also performed on a subset of HVs.ResultsFor the P/N 20‐0045 sensor, the 8MU EIM mean and standard deviation (n = 41) was 14.54 ± 3.31 for phase, 7.04 ± 1.22 for reactance, and 28.91 ± 7.63 for resistance. Reliability for 8MU phase (n = 22) was good to excellent for both interrater (n = 22, ICC = 0.920, 95% CI 0.820 to 0.966) and intrarater (n = 22, ICC = 0.950, 95% CI 0.778 to 0.983). The P/N 014‐009 sensor had similar reliability findings. Correlation analyses showed no association between EIM and muscle thickness.DiscussionEIM is a reproducible measure of muscle physiology. Obtaining EIM values from HVs allows us to gain a better understanding how EIM may be altered in diseased muscle.
Rapid and in‐depth proteomic profiling of small extracellular vesicles for ultralow samples
Authors: Cross Jonathon , Rai Alin , Fang Haoyun , Claridge Bethany , Greening David W. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe integration of robust single‐pot, solid‐phase‐enhanced sample preparation with powerful liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) is routinely used to define the extracellular vesicle (EV) proteome landscape and underlying biology. However, EV proteome studies are often limited by sample availability, requiring upscaling cell cultures or larger volumes of biofluids to generate sufficient materials. Here, we have refined data independent acquisition (DIA)‐based MS analysis of EV proteome by optimizing both protein enzymatic digestion and chromatography gradient length (ranging from 15 to 44 min). Our short 15 min gradient length can reproducibly quantify 1168 (from as little as 500 pg of EV peptides) to 3882 proteins groups (from 50 ng peptides), including robust quantification of 22 core EV marker proteins. Compared to data‐dependent acquisition, DIA achieved significantly greater EV proteome coverage and quantification of low abundant protein species. Moreover, we have achieved optimal magnetic bead‐based sample preparation tailored to low quantities of EVs (0.5 to 1 µg protein) to obtain sufficient peptides for MS quantification of 1908–2340 protein groups. We demonstrate the power and robustness of our pipeline in obtaining sufficient EV proteomes granularity of different cell sources to ascertain known EV biology. This underscores the capacity of our optimised workflow to capture precise and comprehensive proteome of EVs, especially from ultra‐low sample quantities (sub‐nanogram), an important challenge in the field where obtaining in‐depth proteome information is essential.
An ensemble reconstruction of ocean temperature, salinity, and the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation 1960–2021
Authors: Hermanson Leon , Dunstone Nick , Eade Rosie , Smith Doug 
Published: October 2023

AbstractOcean reanalyses covering many decades, including those with few observations, are needed to understand climate variability and to initialize and assess interannual to decadal climate predictions. The Met Office Statistical Ocean Re‐Analysis (MOSORA) exploits long‐range covariances to generate full‐depth reanalyses of monthly ocean temperature and salinity even from sparse observations. We extend MOSORA by generating an ensemble that samples uncertainties in long‐range covariances. Initial covariances are taken from model runs and these are improved with observations using an iterative process. We demonstrate that covariances are improved by iteration, and that this procedure, using very sparse observations typical of the 1960s, captures many features of analyses benefiting from modern observation density. We investigate the ensemble spread and find that salinity trends in the covariances from model runs can introduce unexpected changes in the reanalyses. We nudge the reanalyses into an ensemble of coupled climate models to produce estimates of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC). At 26°N, the AMOC shows decadal variability consistent with observations at this latitude and shows signs of strengthening in recent years. The ensemble spread in AMOC reconstructions increases with time as more observations interact with uncertain covariances. At 45°N, the amount of decadal variability in the AMOC varies between members, but on shorter timescales the variability is similar across the ensemble. At 45°N, the AMOC can be constrained better with more observations on the western boundary, but longer continuous observations are needed to improve covariances and reduce uncertainties in the AMOC.
Fixed‐time asymmetric barrier Lyapunov function‐based model‐free hybrid position/force control for 3‐DOF SEA‐based manipulator with output constraints
Authors: Wei Yangchun , Wang Haoping , Tian Yang 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn this work, a fixed‐time asymmetric barrier Lyapunov function (BLF)‐based model‐free hybrid position/force controller (FBMHC) is proposed for 3‐DOF SEA‐based manipulator for large surface machining with asymmetric time‐varying output constraints. The proposed FBMHC has a dual‐loop structure, which consists of a force sub‐control loop and a position sub‐control loop. The force sub‐control loop converts the control of the interaction force into position control through the idea of impedance control. The position sub‐control loop is designed under the model‐free control framework, which includes asymmetric time‐varying BLF, time‐delay estimator (TDE), and adaptive compensation term, so as to reduce the complexity of controller design and keep the joint angles within the asymmetric time‐varying output constraints. Strict mathematical derivation proves that the proposed method can achieve fixed‐time convergence, so the influence of the initial value on the control effect is reduced. Finally, the effectiveness of FBMHC is verified by comparison simulation with TDE‐intelligent PD and finite time BLF‐based model‐free control.
Breaking Through the Trade‐Off Between Wide Band Gap and Large SHG Coefficient in Mercury‐Based Chalcogenides for IR Nonlinear Optical Application
Authors: Ran Mao‐Yin , Zhou Sheng‐Hua , Wei Wen‐Bo , Li Bing‐Xuan , Wu Xin‐Tao , Lin Hua , Zhu Qi‐Long 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIt is substantially challenging for non‐centrosymmetric (NCS) Hg‐based chalcogenides for infrared nonlinear optical (IR‐NLO) applications to realize wide band gap (Eg > 3.0 eV) and sufficient phase‐matching (PM) second‐harmonic‐generation intensity (deff > 1.0 × benchmark AgGaS2) simultaneously due to the inherent incompatibility. To address this issue, this work presents a diagonal synergetic substitution strategy for creating two new NCS quaternary Hg‐based chalcogenides, AEHgGeS4 (AE = Sr and Ba), based on the centrosymmetric (CS) AEIn2S4. The derived AEHgGeS4 displays excellent NLO properties such as a wide Eg (≈3.04–3.07 eV), large PM deff (≈2.2–3.0 × AgGaS2), ultra‐high laser‐induced damage threshold (≈14.8–15 × AgGaS2), and suitable Δn (≈0.19–0.24@2050 nm), making them highly promising candidates for IR‐NLO applications. Importantly, such excellent second‐order NLO properties are primarily attributed to the synergistic combination of tetrahedral [HgS4] and [GeS4] functional primitives, as supported by detailed theoretical calculations. This study reports the first two NCS Hg‐based materials with well‐balanced comprehensive properties (i.e., Eg > 3.0 eV and deff > 1.0 × benchmark AgGaS2) and puts forward a new design avenue for the construction of more efficient IR‐NLO candidates.
Self‐Adaptive Droplet Bouncing on a Dual Gradient Surface
Authors: Wu Chenyang , Qin Xuezhi , Zheng Huanxi , Xu Zhenyu , Song Yuxin , Jin Yuankai , Zhang Huanhuan , Mo Jiaying , Li Wanbo , Lu Jian , Wang Zuankai 
Published: October 2023

AbstractRapid detachment of impacting droplets from underlying substrate is highly preferred for mass, momentum, and energy exchange in many practical applications. Driven by this, the past several years have witnessed a surge in engineering macrotexture to reduce solid‐liquid contact time. Despite these advances, these strategies in reducing contact time necessitate the elegant control of either the spatial location for droplet contact or the range of impacting velocity. Here, this work circumvents these limitations by designing a dual gradient surface consisting of a vertical spacing gradient made of tapered pillar arrays and a lateral curvature gradient characterized as macroscopic convex. This design enables the impacting droplets to self‐adapt to asymmetric or pancake bouncing mode accordingly, which renders significant contact time reduction (up to ≈70%) for a broad range of impacting velocities (≈0.4–1.4 m s−1) irrespective of the spatial impacting location. This new design provides a new insight for designing liquid‐repellent surfaces, and offers opportunities for applications including dropwise condensation, energy conversion, and anti‐icing.
Homogeneity of marginal distributions for a large number of populations
Authors: Alba‐Fernández M. V. , Jiménez‐Gamero M. D. 
Published: October 2023

SummaryAssume that a random vector is observed in populations and independent samples of that random vector are available at each population. Assume that and have the same dimension. Our purpose is to test the equality of the marginal distributions of and in the populations when is large compared to the sample sizes. With this aim, we propose and study a test statistic that compares the empirical characteristic functions of the marginal distributions. Under the null, the test statistic is asymptotically free‐distributed. An expression of the asymptotic power is also derived, which allows to study the consistency of the test. No assumption is made on the distribution of and , which can be continuous, discrete or mixed; moreover, no assumption is made about moments. A simulation study investigates the finite sample performance of the new test. The proposal is applied to study air pollution levels that are directly related to environmental health, in all countries where observations are available.
Teaching for Social Justice: A Teacher Researcher's Journey and Evolution
Authors: Wild Norline R. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis article (a) explores the experience of an early childhood teacher researcher as she intentionally uses interactive read‐alouds to promote social justice and to encourage critical consciousness in her preschool classroom and (b) offers guidance for educators to embark on their own social justice journey. Over the course of a 2‐year study, the teacher engaged the children with 12 books. Findings describe the personal and professional evolution of the teacher researcher as social justice became her “way of being.” As she studied and reflected on issues of oppression and equity, and considered her own classroom read‐alouds, she shifted her approach from centering social–emotional learning to social justice. This shift was marked by changes in book selection and presentation and by two key turning points. Findings also detail the roles the teacher adopted as she explored books with her students and illustrate how these roles supported and prompted social justice. Self‐reflection points and steps are included to support educators in teaching for social justice.
Device Information and Kernel Specialization
Authors: Reinders James , Ashbaugh Ben , Brodman James , Kinsner Michael , Pennycook John , Tian Xinmin 
Published: October 2023

AbstractChapter 12 explores how to write SYCL applications that adapt to the devices present at runtime and how to define kernels that are specialized for execution on specific devices. Adaptation and specialization are optional, but these techniques can enable applications to achieve higher performance levels with minimal impact on portability and programmer productivity.
Programming for FPGAs
Authors: Reinders James , Ashbaugh Ben , Brodman James , Kinsner Michael , Pennycook John , Tian Xinmin 
Published: October 2023

AbstractChapter 17 raises considerations to keep in mind when targeting FPGAs using C++ with SYCL. It describes mappings from device code to FPGA devices, how FPGA software and hardware execute a SYCL application, and tips and techniques to keep in mind when writing and optimizing parallel kernels for an FPGA.
Libraries
Authors: Reinders James , Ashbaugh Ben , Brodman James , Kinsner Michael , Pennycook John , Tian Xinmin 
Published: October 2023

AbstractChapter 18 covers libraries – specifically SYCL built-in functions, using C++ standard library functions in kernels, and C++ parallel algorithms. Understanding which libraries can be used safely in device code and how host-side libraries can be configured to leverage SYCL is crucial to being a productive SYCL programmer.
Expressing Parallelism
Authors: Reinders James , Ashbaugh Ben , Brodman James , Kinsner Michael , Pennycook John , Tian Xinmin 
Published: October 2023

AbstractChapter 4 marks the transition from simple teaching examples toward real-world parallel code and expands upon details of the code samples we have casually shown in prior chapters. Chapter 4 explains the strengths and weaknesses of the different ways to express parallelism in SYCL using working code examples and concludes with some high-level guidance regarding when and why to use different SYCL features.
Communication and Synchronization
Authors: Reinders James , Ashbaugh Ben , Brodman James , Kinsner Michael , Pennycook John , Tian Xinmin 
Published: October 2023

AbstractChapter 9 revisits the question of how to break up a problem into bite-sized chunks in our continuing quest to Think Parallel. This chapter provides more detail regarding explicit ND-range kernels and describes how groupings of work-items may be used to improve the performance of some types of algorithms. It describes how groups of work-items provide additional guarantees for how parallel work is executed and introduces language features that support groupings of work-items.
Evolution of Wheat Under Cultivation
Authors: Feldman Moshe , Levy Avraham A. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe chapter deals with the various steps, periods, and processes that led to the domestication of the wheat as well as with the archaeological sites where domestication took place. Additionally, the chapter describes the ecogeographical characteristics of the area of wheat domestication, the selection of non-brittle rachis, large grain size, rapid and synchronous germination, free-threshing grains, and yield. The genetic basis of non-brittle rachis and free-threshing grains are delt with in details. The formation of hexaploid wheat, T. aestivum, and the spread of its free-threshing form to almost all parts of the globe to become the main cultivated wheat, are reviewed. The production of synthetic Triticum aestivum, and Triticale are also referred to in this chapter.
Secale L.
Authors: Feldman Moshe , Levy Avraham A. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe taxonomy of the three species of the genusSecaleis discussed followed by a description of their morphology, and account of their distribution, cytogenetics, and evolutionary aspects. The relationships of these species to one another and to other Triticineae, as well as processes that have led to the domestication ofSecale cereale, are reviewed too.
Sparse-Stochastic Model Reduction for 2D Euler Equations
Authors: Cifani Paolo , Ephrati Sagy , Viviani Milo 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe 2D Euler equations are a simple but rich set of non-linear PDEs that describe the evolution of an ideal inviscid fluid, for which one dimension is negligible. Solving these equations numerically can be extremely demanding. Several techniques to obtain fast and accurate simulations have been developed during the last decades. In this paper, we present a novel approach that combines recent developments in stochastic model reduction and conservative semi-discretization of the Euler equations. In particular, starting from the Zeitlin model on the 2-sphere, we derive reduced dynamics for large scales and we close the equations either deterministically or with a suitable stochastic term. Numerical experiments show that, after an initial turbulent regime, the influence of small scales to large scales is negligible, even though a non-zero transfer of energy among different modes is present.