bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EXPERIMENTAL MEASUREMENTS OF THE DYNAMIC TORQUE RESPONSE OF AN ELECTRORHEOLOGICAL FLUID IN THE SHEAR MODE
Authors: HOSSEINI-SIANAKI A. , BULLOUGH W. A. , FIROOZIAN R. , MAKIN J. , TOZER R. C. 
Published: November 2004

Experimental measurements of the time response of an electrorheological fluid in a high natural frequency Couette type of rheometer system are reported for both step and variable frequency, DC biased small amplitude sine wave voltage excitation. The effects of both the speed of the rotating element of the rheometer and the magnitude of its voltage relative to the stationary element as well as the fluid temperature level are presented for time, frequency and steady domains. For a given DC voltage level and over the range of tests carried out, the fluid response time improves considerably with both increase in the temperature and speed, whereas the effect on the magnitude of the steady state ER torque value is marginal. Very encouraging results are obtained when the performance of the fluid with regard to the step tests are compared with results of transformed data taken from a larger and more practical clutch system and those acquired from the same fluid but in the flow mode valve arrangement.
JAYNES-CUMMINGS SPECTRA BY LINEARIZATION WITH CLIFFORD VARIABLES
Authors: RASTELLO MARIA LUISA 
Published: November 2004

The effect of rotating-wave and counter-rotating terms in the energy spectrum of a single two-level atom interacting with a quantized field is investigated within a fermionic linearization scheme involving Clifford variables. After reproducing the Jaynes-Cummings results in the rotating-wave approximation, the counter-rotating terms are shown to determine an energy spectrum sensitive to low photon-number conditions.
SCALED AND SCALING-FREE McCLELLAN TRANSFORMATIONS FOR THE DESIGN OF 2-D DIGITAL FILTERS
Authors: NAGAMUTHU N. , SWAMY M. N. S. 
Published: November 2004

In this paper, the scaling problem of McClellan transformation used for the design 2-D digital filters with elliptical and circular cutoff contours is critically analyzed. Several new and extremely simple formulas for calculating the maximum and minimum values of the transformation function are presented. Using these extreme values, simple formulas for scaling factors and scaled McClellan transformations are derived for the various cases of each type of contour. Using the necessary and sufficient conditions for a scaling-free transformation, the scaling-free McClellan transformations are also derived. It is shown that the number of independent coefficients in them to be optimized varies from 0 to 2 depending on the case, compared to 3 in the original transformation. They are very useful in deriving analytical expressions for the transformation coefficients, and the 2-D filters designed by employing them have a smaller number of multiplications per output sample and hence, attractive for real-time applications. A new scaling formula is presented and some of its properties and effects on the derived formulas are discussed. The major advantage of this new formula is that from the unscaled transformation coefficients for a given type of 2-D filter, we can generate the scaled transformation coefficients for a different type of 2-D filter. Some examples are presented to demonstrate the usefulness of the derived formulas.
Different isoforms of BSAP regulate expression of AID in normal and chronic lymphocytic leukemia B cells
Authors: Oppezzo Pablo , Dumas Gérard , Lalanne Ana Inés , Payelle-Brogard Béatrice , Magnac Christian , Pritsch Otto , Dighiero Guillaume , Vuillier Françoise 
Published: November 2004

AbstractActivation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) is key to initiating somatic hypermutation (SHM) and class switch recombination (CSR), but its mode of action and regulation remains unclear. Since Pax-5 and Id-2 transcription factors play an opposing role in AID regulation, we have studied the expression of Pax-5, Id-2, and prdm-1 genes in 54 chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) B cells. In 21 cases, presence of AID is constantly associated with high expression of the complete form of the Pax-5 gene (Pax-5a) and lower expression of the Id-2 and prdm-1 transcripts. In 33 cases, the absence of AID expression and CSR is associated with a reduction of Pax-5a and the appearance of a spliced form with a deletion in exon 8 (Pax-5/Δ-Ex8). Stimulation with CD40L+interleukin 4 (IL-4) induces CSR, the presence of AID transcripts, up-regulation of Pax-5a and down-regulation of Pax-5/Δ-Ex8, and Id-2 and prdm-1 transcripts. Pax-5a and Pax-5/Δ-Ex8 are translated into 2 isoforms of the B-cell–specific activator protein (BSAP) and both are able to bind the AID-promoter region. Overall, these results suggest that Pax-5/Δ-Ex8 could play an important role in the control of its own transcription and indirectly in AID expression and CSR.
History and hierarchy in hunter‐gatherer studies
Authors: GRINKER ROY RICHARD 
Published: November 2004

Hunters and Gatherers 1: History, Evolution and Social Change. TIM INGOLD, DAVID RICHES, and JAMES WOODBURN, eds.Hunters and Gatherers 2: Property, Power and Ideology. TIM INGOLD, DAVID RICHES, and JAMES WOODBURN, eds.
"Studies in Ethnicity and Change" for Teaching about Indigenous Peoples
Authors: Murphy Julia E. 
Published: November 2004

Malaysia and the Original People:. Case Study of the Impact of Development on Indigenous Peoples. Robert Knox Denton. Kirk Endicott. Alberto G. Gomes. and M. B. Hooker. Boston: Allyn and Bacon, 1997. xv. 175 pp., references.Ariaal Pastoralists of Kenya: Surviving Drought and Development in Africa's Arid Lands. Elliot Fratkin. Boston: Allyn and Bacon, 1998. ix. 139 pp., figures, photographs, references.Gaining Ground?: Evenkis, Land and Reform in Southeastern Siberia. Gail A. Fondahl. Boston: Allyn and Bacon, 1998. xiii. 146 pp., figures, photographs, glossary, appendix, references.Ethnicity and Culture amidst New "Neighbors": The Runa of Ecuador's Amazon Region. Theodore Macdonald. Jr. Boston: Al lyn and Bacon, 1999. xiv. 160 pp., maps, photographs, references, index.Indigenous Peoples, Ethnic Groups and the State. David Maybury‐Lewis. Boston: Allyn and Bacon, 1997. xii +168 pp., maps, references.Forest Dwellers, Forest Protectors: Indigenous Models for International Development. Richard Reed. Boston: Allyn and Bacon, 1997. viii. 135 pp., map, references.
Margaret Mead, Gregory Bateson, and Highland Bali: Fieldwork Photographs of Bayung Gede, 1936–1939; Malinowski's Kiriwina: Fieldwork Photography 1915–1918
Authors: Welsch Robert L. 
Published: November 2004

Margaret Mead, Gregory Bateson, and Highland Bali: Fieldwork Photographs of Bayung Cede, 1936–1939. Gerald Sullivan. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1999. vii. 213 pp., photographs, glossary, notes, references, index.Malinowski's Kiriwina: Fieldwork Photography 1915–1918. Michael W. Young. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1998. vii. 306 pp., maps, photographs, appendixes, glossary, notes, index.
The Consumer Revolution in Urban China; Japanese Consumer Behavior: From Worker Bees to Wary Shoppers
Authors: Ren Hai 
Published: November 2004

The Consumer Revolution in Urban China. Deborah S. Davis, ed. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2000. xiii + 366 pp., illustrations, tables, photographs, bibliography, index.Japanese Consumer Behavior: From Worker Bees to Wary Shoppers. John McCrcery Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press, 2000. ix + 278 pp., illustrations, photographs, bibliography, index.
Trance and Violence in Urban Brazil
Authors: Lewis J.Lowell 
Published: November 2004

James Wafer. The Taste of Blood: Spirit Possession in Brazilian Candomble. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1991. xii. 219 pp. (Winner of the Victor Turner prize for Ethnography, 1992.)Daniel Touro Linger. Dangerous Encounters: Meanings of Violence in. Brazilian City. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1992. + 289 pp.
The Politics of Identity
Authors: Kelley Heidi 
Published: November 2004

George C. Rosenwald and Richard L. Ochberg. eds. Storied Lives: The Cultural Politics of Self‐Understanding. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1992. ix. 304 pp.Kenneth Jacobson. Embattled Selves: An Investigation into the Nature of Identity through Oral Histories of Holocaust Survivors. New York: Atlantic Monthly Press, 1994. + 358 pp.
New Voices in Native Literature and Native Lit‐Crit
Authors: Mills Antonia 
Published: November 2004

Arnold Krupat, ed. New Voices in Native American Literary Criticism. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press, xxv. 555 pp.Greg Sarris.Keeping Slug Woman Alive:. Holistic Approach to American Indian Texts. Berkeley: University of California Press. 214 pp.Thomas King.Green Grass, Running Water. New York: Houghton Mifflin, 1993. 360 pp. (cloth). Toronto: Harper Perennial, 1993 (paper).
Pathologies of Power: Health, Human Rights and the New War on the Poor; Mountains beyond Mountains: The Quest of Dr. Paul Farmer, a Man Who Would Cure the World
Authors: Nisbett Richard A. 
Published: November 2004

Pathologies of Power: Health, Human Rights and the New War on the Poor. Paul Farmer. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2003.419 pp.Mountains beyond Mountains: The Quest of Dr. Paul Farmer,. Man Who Would Cure the World. Tracy Kidder. New York: Random House, 2003. 336 pp.
In vitro degradation behavior of electrospun polyglycolide, polylactide, and poly(lactide‐co‐glycolide)
Authors: You Young , Min Byung‐Moo , Lee Seung Jin , Lee Taek Seung , Park Won Ho 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThe electrospinning of polyglycolide (PGA), poly(L‐lactide) (PLA), and poly(lactide‐co‐glycolide) (PLGA; L‐lactide/glycolide = 50/50) was performed with chloroform or 1,1,1,3,3,3‐hexafluoro‐2‐propanol (HFIP) as a spinning solvent to fabricate their nanofiber matrices. The morphology of the electrospun PGA, PLA, and PLGA nanofibers was investigated with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The PLGA nanofibers, electrospun with a nonpolar chloroform solvent, had a relatively large average diameter (760 nm), and it had a relatively broad distribution in the range of 200–1800 nm. On the other hand, the PGA and PLA fibers, electrospun with a polar HFIP solvent, had a small average diameter (∼300 nm) with a narrow distribution. This difference in the fiber diameters may be associated with the polarity of the solvent. Also, the in vitro degradation of PGA, PLA, and PLGA nanofiber matrices was examined in phosphate buffer solutions (pH 7.4) at 37°C. The degradation rates of the nanofiber matrices were fast, in the order of PGA > PLGA ≫ PLA. Structural and morphological changes during in vitro degradation were investigated with differential scanning calorimetry and wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction. For the PGA matrix, a significant increase in the crystallinity during the early stage was detected, as well as a gradual decrease during the later period, and this indicated that preferential hydrolytic degradation in the amorphous regions occurred with cleavage‐induced crystallization, followed by further degradation in the crystalline region. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 95: 193–200, 2005
Nonisothermal melt‐crystallization kinetics of syndiotactic polypropylene compounded with various nucleating agents
Authors: Charoenphol Paninlada , Supaphol Pitt 
Published: November 2004

AbstractNonisothermal melt‐crystallization behavior of syndiotactic polypropylene (sPP) compounded with 5% by weight (wt %) of some inorganic fillers [i.e., kaolin, talcum, marl, titanium dioxide (TiO2), and silicon dioxide (SiO2)] and 1 wt % of some organic fillers, which are some sorbital derivatives (i.e., DBS, MDBS, and DMDBS) was investigated and reported for the first time. It was found that the ability of these fillers to nucleate sPP decreased in the following sequence: DBS > talcum > MDBS > SiO2 ∼ kaolin ∼ DMDBS > marl > TiO2, with DBS being able to shift the crystallization exotherm by ∼ 18°C on average, while TiO2 was able to shift the crystallization exotherm by only ∼ 6°C on average, from that of neat sPP. The Avrami analysis revealed that the Avrami exponent for sPP compounds varied between 2.9 and 4.3, with the values for neat sPP varying between 3.1 and 6.8. Lastly, the Ziabicki's crystallizability of sPP compounds was greater than that of neat sPP, suggesting an increase in the crystallization ability of sPP as a result of the presence of these fillers. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 95: 245–253, 2005
Tragverhalten von teilweise vorgefertigten Stahlbetonwänden mit Ortbetonergänzung und integrierter Wärmedämmung
Authors: Gastmeyer Ralf 
Published: November 2004

AbstractBei teilweise vorgefertigten Stahlbetonwänden mit Ortbetonergänzung und integrierter Wärmedämmung erfolgt die Verbindung des innen‐ und außenseitigen Betonquerschnitts meistens durch Gitterträger mit Diagonalen aus nichtrostendem Betonstahl. Die Gitterträger bewirken unter anderem eine schubweiche Kopplung der beiden Wandschalen, die bei der Weiterleitung von rechtwinklig zur Wandebene wirkenden Lasten (Wind oder Erddruck) und bei Temperaturänderung sowie unterschiedlichem Schwinden des innen‐ und außenseitigen Betonquerschnitts zum Tragen kommt. Nachfolgend werden die hieraus folgenden Beanspruchungen der äußeren Wandschale und der Gitterträger erläutert, die maßgebend für die Bemessung dieser Bauteile sind.
Microplate‐based filter paper assay to measure total cellulase activity
Authors: Xiao Zhizhuang , Storms Reginald , Tsang Adrian 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThe standard filter paper assay (FPA) published by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) is widely used to determine total cellulase activity. However, the IUPAC method is not suitable for the parallel analyses of large sample numbers. We describe here a microplate‐based method for assaying large sample numbers. To achieve this, we reduced the enzymatic reaction volume to 60 μl from the 1.5 ml used in the IUPAC method. The modified 60‐μl format FPA can be carried out in 96‐well assay plates. Statistical analyses showed that the cellulase activities of commercial cellulases from Trichoderma reesei and Aspergillus species determined with our 60‐μl format FPA were not significantly different from the activities measured with the standard FPA. Our results also indicate that the 60‐μl format FPA is quantitative and highly reproducible. Moreover, the addition of excess β‐glucosidase increased the sensitivity of the assay by up to 60%. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Swertia (Gentianaceae): Chemical and Pharmacological Aspects
Authors: Brahmachari Goutam , Mondal Sadhan , Gangopadhyay Arindam , Gorai Dilip , Mukhopadhyay Bodhiswatta , Saha Shamal , Brahmachari Arun K. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractA compilation of the constituents isolated from Swertia species covering the literature up to December 2003 is presented. The botanical classification and ethno‐pharmacology of Swertia plants, as well as the biological activities and pharmacological applications of both distinct phytochemicals and medicinally acitve plant materials (formulations, extracts, etc.) are discussed in detail.
Trace Heavy Metals Associated with Crude Oil: A Case Study of Ebocha‐8 Oil‐Spill‐Polluted Site in Niger Delta, Nigeria
Authors: Osuji Leo C. , Onojake Chukwunedum M. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThe Ebocha‐8 oil‐spill‐polluted site was identified as study site according to field reconnaissance surveys of oil‐polluted sites in Obiobi/Obrikom prospect area of Niger Delta. A sampling area was delimited at each of the oil‐spill‐affected sites by the grid technique, and soils were collected at surface (0–15 cm) and subsurface (15–30 cm) depths from three replicate quadrats. A geographically similar, unaffected area, located in 50‐m distance from each contaminated site, was chosen as control site. Trace heavy metals, Ni, V, Cu, Cd, and Pb, which are normal constituents of crude oil, were determined in the soils by atomic‐absorption spectrophotometry after pre‐extraction of cations with dithionite‐citrate carbonate. Ni varied from 0.53 to 18.00 mg/kg, Cu from 0.15 to 0.30 mg/kg, and Pb from 0.32 to 0.80 mg/kg in surface and subsurface soils, respectively; Cd and V were less than 0.20 mg/kg in all sampled plots. Ni, Cu, and Pb were more enhanced (P<0.05) in the oil‐spill‐polluted soils, especially at surface depth, and this may be attributed to the fact that metal profiles in polluted soils penetrate a little below the 10‐cm region, even after many years, thereby making the metal concentration in surface soils usually higher. Whilst the Ebocha‐8 oil spillage may be responsible, at least in part, for the enhanced concentrations and paucity of variations in the metal concentrations of sampled plots, other factors such as the physicochemical characteristics of soils (e.g., soil pH and organic‐matter content) and relative mobility of these metals, as well as the intense rainfall and flooding that preceded the period of sampling, may also have contributed in part. Enhanced levels of these micronutrients in the soils may result in enhanced absorption by plants, which may bring about possible bioaccumulation by such plants and the animals that depend on them for survival, and all of these may lead to toxic reactions along the food chain.
Novel simultaneous combination chemical thrombolysis/rheolytic thrombectomy therapy for acute critical limb ischemia: The power‐pulse spray technique
Authors: Allie David E. , Hebert Chris J. , Lirtzman Mitchell D. , Wyatt Charles H. , Keller V. Antoine , Khan Mohamed H. , Barker Esmond A. , McElderry Michael W. , Khan Muhammad A. , Fail Peter S. , Stagg Samuel J. , Mitran Elena V. , Chaisson Gary , Allie Sonja D. , Allie Adam A. , Walker Craig M. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThe novel power‐pulse spray (P‐PS) technique maximizes and combines the advantages and minimizes the disadvantages of both chemical thrombolysis (CT) and rheolytic thrombectomy (RT). Forty‐nine consecutive patients with iliofemoral thrombotic occlusion were treated via P‐PS technique. Using a 6 Fr RT catheter, saline prime was exchanged for thrombolytic solution [group 1, 10–20 mg tenecteplase (TNK)/50 cc saline, n = 25; group 2, 1,000,000 urokinase (UK)/50 cc saline, n = 24]. The outflow port was closed, then the catheter was advanced at 1 mm increments while pulsing lytic agent. After 30‐min lysis time, RT and definitive treatment of the underlying stenosis were performed. Procedure success was 23/25 (92%) and 22/24 (91.6%) for group 1 and 2, respectively. The mean total procedure time was 72 and 75 min in group 1 and 2, respectively. Thirty‐day limb salvage was 91% in both groups. There were no major surgical complications. The P‐PS technique is safe and effective using either UK or TNK, offering several potential advantages over monotherapy, including more rapid revascularization, decreases systemic lytic exposure and bleeding complications while facilitating both CT and RT capacity and efficacy. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2004;63:512–522. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prosthetic mitral valvuloplasty
Authors: Hurst Frank P. , Caravalho Joseph , Wisenbaugh Thomas W. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractA 78‐year‐old man underwent mitral valve replacement with a no. 33 Hancock porcine bioprosthesis for severe mitral regurgitation. Postoperatively, a transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE) revealed a mean mitral valve gradient (MVG) of 4 mm Hg, a calculated mitral valve area (MVA) of 2.8 cm2, and no mitral regurgitation. Eighteen months later, he presented to the emergency room with progressive dyspnea. Repeat TTE demonstrated severe mitral stenosis (MVG, 16 mm Hg; MVA, 0.9 cm2). The patient was deemed high risk for a repeat valve replacement, and percutaneous valvuloplasty was performed with an Inoue balloon catheter inflated to 26 mm. The patient's symptoms dramatically improved, as did his hemodynamics (MVG, 5 mm Hg; MVA, 1.6 cm2). There was no evidence of mitral regurgitation and the successful results were maintained after 10 months of follow‐up. Since its introduction in 1987, there have been only nine cases reporting successful balloon valvulotomy in prosthetic mitral valves. While percutaneous valvulotomy is the intervention of choice for native mitral stenosis, it is rarely performed in prosthetic valves, with surgical valve replacement being the treatment of choice. Our case was successful and may suggest a niche to reconsider using the procedure in certain clinical circumstances. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2004;63:503–506. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
New device for percutaneous closure of aortopulmonary collaterals
Authors: Hijazi Ziyad M. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractA 4.5‐month‐old infant with tetralogy of Fallot, pulmonary atresia, and multiple aortopulmonary collaterals underwent successful occlusion of the collaterals using a new device. This new plug (Amplatzer vascular plug) is a self‐expandable cylindrical device made of nitinol wire mesh. The device is available in sizes from 4 to 16 mm in 2 mm increment. The device can be used in patients with aortopulmonary collaterals, pulmonary arteriovenous malformations, venovenous collaterals, shunts, coronary fistulas, and certain type of patent ductus arteriosus. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2004;63:482–485. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Lewis Adducts of the Side‐On End‐On Dinitrogen‐Bridged Complex [{(NPN)Ta}2(μ‐H)2(μ‐η1:η2‐N2)] with AlMe3, GaMe3, and B(C6F5)3: Synthesis, Structure, and Spectroscopic Properties
Authors: Studt Felix , MacKay Bruce A. , Johnson Samuel A. , Patrick Brian O. , Fryzuk Michael D. , Tuczek Felix 
Published: November 2004

AbstractReaction of the side‐on end‐on dinitrogen complex [{(NPN)Ta}2(μ‐H)2(μ‐η1:η2‐N2)] (1; in which NPN=(PhNSiMe2CH2)2PPh), with the Lewis acids XR3 results in the adducts [{(NPN)Ta}2(μ‐H)2(μ‐η1:η2‐NNXR3)], XR3=GaMe3 (2), AlMe3 (3), and B(C6F5)3 (4). The solid‐state molecular structures of 2, 3, and 4 demonstrate that the NN bond length increases relative to those found in 1 by 0.036, 0.043, and 0.073 Å, respectively. In solution complexes 2–4 are fluxional as evidenced by variable‐temperature 1H NMR spectroscopy. The 15N{1H} NMR spectra of 2–4 are reported; furthermore, their vibrational properties and electronic structures are evaluated. The vibrational structures are found to be closely related to that of the parent complex 1. Detailed spectroscopic analysis on 2–4 leads to the identification of the theoretically expected six normal modes of the Ta2N2 core. On the basis of experimental frequencies and the QCB‐NCA procedure, the force constants are determined. Importantly, the NN force constant decreases from 2.430 mdyn Å−1 in 1 to 1.876 (2), 1.729 (3), and 1.515 mdyn Å−1 (4), in line with the sequence of NN bond lengths determined crystallographically. DFT calculations on a generic model of the Lewis acid adducts 2–4 reveal that the major donor interaction between the terminal nitrogen atom and the Lewis acid is mediated by a σ/π hybrid molecular orbital of N2, corresponding to a σ bond. Charge analysis performed for the adducts indicates that the negative charge on the terminal nitrogen atom of the dinitrogen ligand increases with respect to 1. The lengthening of the NN bond observed for the Lewis adducts is therefore explained by the fact that charge donation from the complex fragment into the π* orbitals of dinitrogen is increased, while electron density from the NN bonding orbitals pσ and πh is withdrawn due to the σ interaction with the Lewis acid.