bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In Situ Synthesis of Rare‐Earth Hybridized Functional Core‐Shell Architectures from Microporous Salt Templates and Capacitance‐Adsorption Correlation Mechanisms
Authors: Zheng Zetao , Guo Ming 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBiochar Porous Carbon (BPC) has become a research hotspot in the fields of energy storage, conversion, catalysis, adsorption, and separation engineering. However, the key problem of pore structure liable to collapse has not yet been addressed effectively. Here, an innovative salt ionic coordination modulation technique is reported to synthesize a new core‐shell structure of BPC (Dual‐doped porous carbonaceous materials, RHPC3@LaYO3) by the asymmetric load of the f orbital ion, which prevents pore structural collapse. The result shows that the novel asymmetric supercapacitors (ASCs) with an excellent energy density (193.11 Wh·kg−1) and capacitance (267.14 F·g−1) by assembling the prepared porous BPC carrier and RHPC3@LaYO3, which surpass the typical supercapacitor. In order to elucidate the association between adsorption and capacitance, the adsorption coexistence equation (MACE) is constructed with the aim of providing a comprehensive explanation for the mechanism of single‐multilayer adsorption. Furthermore, a specific linkage mechanism is discovered using adsorption/ desorption properties to validate the pros/cons of capacitive properties. These results demonstrate the potential of renewable biomass materials as ASCs, which can provide new ideas for the construction of an evaluation approach for the performance of future efficient multi‐reaction energy storage devices.
Tuning Redox Behavior of Sulfur Cathodes Via Ternary‐Coordinated Single Fe Atom in Lithium‐Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Cao Guiqiang , Li Xifei , Chen Liping , Duan Ruixian , Li Jun , Jiang Qinting , Wang Jingjing , Li Mengyang , Li Ming , Wang Jing , Xi Yukun , Li Wenbin , Peng Jianhong 
Published: January 2024

AbstractModulating the coordination configuration of single Fe atom has been an efficient strategy to strengthen the redox dynamics for lithium‐sulfur batteries (LSBs) but remains challenging. Herein, the single Fe atom is functioned with nitrogen and carbon atoms in the first shell, and simultaneously, oxidized sulfur (─SOx) in the second shell, which presents a lower antibonding state and well address the redox activity of sulfur cathodes. In the ternary‐coordinated single Fe atom catalyst (FeN2C2–SOx–NC), the binary structure of FeN2C2 provides a lower Fe–S bonding strength and d–p orbital hybridization, which obviously optimizes the adsorption and desorption behavior of sulfur species during the reduction and oxidation reaction processes. Simultaneously, the ─SOx redistributes the electron density of the coordinating nitrogen atoms, which possesses high electron‐withdrawing ability and develops electrocatalytic activity. As a result, the sulfur cathodes with FeN2C2–SOx–NC present an excellent high‐rate cyclic performance, accompanied by a capacity decay rate of 0.08% per cycle for 500 cycles at 4.0 C. This study provides new insights for optimizing the redox dynamics of sulfur cathodes in LSBs at the atomic level.
Epitaxial Growth of 2D Binary Phosphides
Authors: Gao Wenjin , Dou Wenzhen , Zhou Dechun , Song Biyu , Niu Tianchao , Hua Chenqiang , Wee Andrew Thye Shen , Zhou Miao 
Published: January 2024

AbstractCombinations of phosphorus with main group III, IV, and V elements are theoretically predicted to generate 2D binary phosphides with extraordinary properties and promising applications. However, experimental synthesis is significantly lacking. Here, a general approach for preparing 2D binary phosphides is reported using single crystalline surfaces containing the constituent element of target 2D materials as the substrate. To validate this, SnP3 and BiP, representing typical 2D binary phosphides, are successfully synthesized on Cu2Sn and bismuthene, respectively. Scanning tunneling microscopy imaging reveals a hexagonal pattern of SnP3 on Cu2Sn, while α‐BiP can be epitaxially grown on the α‐bismuthene domain on Cu2Sb. First‐principles calculations reveal that the formation of SnP3 on Cu2Sn is associated with strong interface bonding and significant charge transfer, while α‐BiP interacts weakly with α‐bismuthene so that its semiconducting property is preserved. The study demonstrates an attractive avenue for the atomic‐scale growth of binary 2D materials via substrate phase engineering.
Biochemical assessment of spironolactone oral suspension in human plasma using ultra‐performance liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry: Application toward pharmacokinetic study
Authors: Rajendran Karthik , Chekraverthy Bhadram Kalyan , Peraman Ramalingam , Kumar Hem , Devendran Rajendran Sankham , Kaggwa Bruhan , Nagappan Krishnaveni 
Published: January 2024

AbstractSpironolactone is one of the non‐selective mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists acting as anti‐diuretic drugs. Spironolactone is reported to possess mild to severe hyperkalemia which could often result in fatal conditions. Although several analytical methods for evaluating spironolactone as tablet dosage forms have been established in human biological systems, it is crucial to highlight that these approaches are still limited to the suspension dosage form. In this study, we have quantified spironolactone suspension in human plasma with an efficient, sensitive, and optimized ultra‐performance liquid chromatography (UPLC)‐tandem mass spectrometry‐based bioanalytical method using a deuterated internal standard method. A reverse phase UPLC analysis and mass spectrometric detection was performed using electrospray ionization in positive ion mode as an interface, and multiple reaction monitoring as a mode of acquisition. The retention of Spironolactone (SL) and Spironolactone d7 (SL‐d7) was found to be around 6.15 and 6.07 min, respectively. The linearity range was 1.007–100.224 ng/mL for SL with 0.1 mL sample volume. The method was successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic study of spironolactone in healthy male volunteers by administrating 25 mg/5 mL oral suspension and is in accordance with bioanalytical guidelines.
Analyzing the factors impacting solid waste system among rural areas in Chhattisgarh
Authors: Nigam Anil , Sainy Monica 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAn unorganized solid waste management (SWM) disposal system stresses ecosystems, messes up different natural cycles, and is bad for human health. In developing nations like Chhattisgarh, managing solid waste is seen as a big concern by civil authorities everywhere. Several elements, including social, cultural, economic, political, environmental, physical, and institutional ones, influence the proper management of solid waste. The primary objective of this research is to investigate the key elements that influence the management of solid waste among rural areas of Chhattisgarh as well as to explore their perception toward SWM in Chhattisgarh. Additionally, a measurement model was used to analyze the data, which was gathered from 365 respondents who were polled from every home in Chhattisgarh's rural regions using a basic random sample technique. A quantitative research approach has been used to evaluate the variables influencing successful solid waste management and a confirmatory factor analysis was used to evaluate the reliability as well as validity of the scale of measurement for each construct. The outcome indicated that socioeconomic (p < 0.000), cultural (p < 0.021), physical and technical (p > 0.096), institutional (p < 0.012), and environmental factors (p < 0.017) have a significant influence on the management of solid waste in rural areas of Chhattisgarh. Future studies may take into account a wide range of additional characteristics linked to domestic logistical capabilities, such as garbage collection, task completion time, utilization of cold structures, and product freshness notifications, among others.
Feed Gaps Among Cattle Keepers in Semiarid and Arid Southern African Regions: A Case Study in the Limpopo Province, South Africa
Authors: Lamega Sala Alanda , Klinck Leonhard , Komainda Martin , Odhiambo Jude Julius Owuor , Ayisi Kingsley Kwabena , Isselstein Johannes 
Published: January 2024

AbstractRural livestock farmers in the semiarid and arid areas of Southern Africa face large uncertainties due to a high intraseasonal and year-to-year variability in rainfall patterns which affect forage resources. Creating resilient communal livestock farming systems will require the understanding of feed gaps as perceived by livestock farmers as well as an assessment of available feed resources. In this chapter, we estimated the annual feed balance (i.e., forage supply minus forage demand) based on statistical data and described the perception of feed gaps across 122 livestock farmers in Limpopo province, South Africa. In addition, we analyzed available feed and soil resources during the dry season across land use types. We found a negative feed balance, an indication of feed gaps for livestock farms, mainly during the winter and spring seasons. Farmers perceived a combination of factors such as drought, infrastructure, capital, and access to land as the major causes of feed gaps. Furthermore, our analyses of feed and soil resources point to low crude protein (e.g., ~5% in rangeland biomass) and poor soil nutrient contents (e.g., %N < 0.1). To support rural policies and improve the performance of communal livestock systems, there is a need to combine the most appropriate site-specific options in optimizing the feed supply.
Observational Support for Regional Policy Implementation: Land Surface Change Under Anthropogenic and Climate Pressure in SALDi Study Sites
Authors: Baade Jussi , Gessner Ursula , Hahndiek Eugene , Harmse Christiaan , Hill Steven , Hirner Andreas , Maruping-Mzileni Nkabeng , Otte Insa , Pathe Carsten , Renner Paul , Schellenberg Konstantin , Selvaraj Shanmugapriya , Smith Chris , Strydom Tercia , Swanepol Annette , Thonfeld Frank , Urban Marcel , Zhang Zhenyu , Schmullius Christiane 
Published: January 2024

AbstractSouth Africa is a vast, very diverse and dynamic country experiencing rapidly changing demands for the utilization of its natural resources. At the same time, global climate change and related processes affect the land’s agricultural utilization. The considerable expansion of high-resolution Earth observation systems providing high temporal resolution acquisitions of the land surface free of charge provides the opportunity to monitor land surface dynamics at an unprecedented temporal and spatial resolution. Based on the work in the SPACES II project South Africa Land Degradation Monitor (SALDi), we present examples highlighting the new observational opportunities potentially supporting regional policy implementation. Thus, the main objective of this chapter is to present applied examples from the six SALDi study sites spread across the country illustrating some of the new capabilities providing simultaneously a regional overview of land surface dynamics as well as high-resolution information on specific areas, for example a district, a municipality, a farm or a specific field plot.
Sustainable Geopolymer Bricks Manufacturing Using Rice Husk Ash: An Alternative to Fired Clay Bricks
Authors: Nagaraju T. Vamsi , Bahrami Alireza 
Published: January 2024

AbstractFired clay bricks and cement bricks are commonly used in the construction industry. However, the greenhouse gas emissions and high energy use involved in production of fired clay bricks and cement bricks favor the utilization of geopolymer bricks instead. A change to geopolymer bricks would significantly improve the present housing and agricultural biomass waste problems. Using agricultural biomass ash waste to create sustainable products is one alternative. Products that have been alkali-activated are said to be cost-efficient and sustainably produced and contain no Portland cement. In this chapter, geopolymer bricks were prepared with waste brick powder (passed through 300 μm sieve), rice husk ash, and alkaline solution (NaOH and Na2SiO3) with different percentages of precursors. Geopolymer bricks were tested for the bulk density, water absorption, wet compressive strength, and dry compressive strength. This study also deals with the sustainability analysis of geopolymer bricks. Geopolymer bricks achieved a desirable range of the compressive strength, and they technically showed promising results and met the standard specifications for bricks. By utilizing geopolymer bricks as an alternative for burnt bricks in buildings, this recycling technique can have positive environmental benefits.
Two-loop vertices with vacuum polarization insertion
Authors: Ahmed Taushif , Crisanti Giulio , Gasparotto Federico , Hasan Syed Mehedi , Mastrolia Pierpaolo 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
We present the analytic evaluation of the second-order corrections to the massive form factors, due to two-loop vertex diagrams with a vacuum polarization insertion, with exact dependence on the external and internal fermion masses, and on the squared momentum transfer. We consider vector, axial-vector, scalar and pseudoscalar interactions between the external fermion and the external field. After renormalization, the finite expressions of the form factors are expressed in terms of polylogarithms up to weight three.
Search for electroweakinos in R-parity violating SUSY with long-lived particles at HL-LHC
Authors: Bhattacherjee Biplob , Solanki Prabhat 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
We investigate the R-parity violating (RPV) supersymmetric (SUSY) model at the High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) in the context of compact muon solenoid (CMS) experiment assuming a total integrated luminosity of $$ \mathcal{L} $$
L
= 3000 fb−1 at $$ \sqrt{s} $$

s

= 14 TeV. We focus on the pair production of electroweakinos, specifically, $$ {\chi}_2^0 $$

χ
2
0

and $$ {\chi}_1^{\pm } $$

χ
1
±

in wino and higgsino states in a particular scenario where $$ {\chi}_2^0 $$

χ
2
0

and $$ {\chi}_1^{\pm } $$

χ
1
±

decay into a Higgs boson and W boson, respectively, along the long-lived lightest supersymmetric particle (LSP), $$ {\chi}_1^0 $$

χ
1
0

, which decays to three quarks via λ′′ RPV couplings leading to the prompt as well as displaced signatures in the final state. To select events at the level-1 (L1) trigger system, we employ dedicated and standard triggers followed by an offline analysis integrating information from the tracker, electromagnetic calorimeter (ECAL) and minimum ionising particle (MIP) timing detector (MTD). We observe that wino-like $$ {\chi}_2^0/{\chi}_1^{\pm } $$

χ
2
0

/

χ
1
±

with a mass of 1900 GeV and $$ {\chi}_1^0 $$

χ
1
0

with a mass greater than 800 GeV can be probed across a decay length ranging from 1 cm to 200 cm. In the case of higgsino-like pair production of $$ {\chi}_2^0/{\chi}_1^{\pm } $$

χ
2
0

/

χ
1
±

, we can probe $$ {\chi}_2^0/{\chi}_1^{\pm } $$

χ
2
0

/

χ
1
±

with a mass of 1600 GeV, and $$ {\chi}_1^0 $$

χ
1
0

with a mass greater than 700 GeV, across a decay length range of 1 cm to 200 cm.
Pseudo-Goldstone dark matter in a radiative inverse seesaw scenario
Authors: Kannike K. , Kubarski A. , Marzola L. , Racioppi A. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
We consider a scale-invariant inverse seesaw model with dynamical breaking of gauge symmetry and lepton number. In some regions of the parameter space, the Majoron — the pseudo-Goldstone of lepton number breaking — is a viable dark matter candidate. The bound on the Majoron decay rate implies a very large dilaton vacuum expectation value, which also results in a suppression of other dark matter couplings. Because of that, the observed dark matter relic abundance can only be matched via the freeze-in mechanism. The scalar field which gives mass to heavy neutrinos can play the role of the inflaton, resulting in a tensor-to-scalar ratio r ≲ 0.01 for metric inflation and r ≲ 0.21 for Palatini gravity.
Phases of Wilson lines: conformality and screening
Authors: Aharony Ofer , Cuomo Gabriel , Komargodski Zohar , Mezei Márk , Raviv-Moshe Avia 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
We study the rich dynamics resulting from introducing static charged particles (Wilson lines) in 2+1 and 3+1 dimensional gauge theories. Depending on the charges of the external particles, there may be multiple defect fixed points with interesting renormalization group flows connecting them, or an exponentially large screening cloud can develop (defining a new emergent length scale), screening the bare charge entirely or partially. We investigate several examples where the dynamics can be solved in various weak coupling or double scaling limits. Sometimes even the elementary Wilson lines, corresponding to the lowest nontrivial charge, are screened. We consider Wilson lines in 3+1 dimensional gauge theories including massless scalar and fermionic QED4, and also in the $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory. We also consider Wilson lines in 2+1 dimensional conformal gauge theories such as QED3 with bosons or fermions, Chern-Simons-Matter theories, and the effective theory of graphene. Our results in 2+1 dimensions have potential implications for graphene, second-order superconducting phase transitions, etc. Finally, we comment on magnetic line operators in 3+1 dimensions (’t Hooft lines) and argue that our results for the infrared dynamics of electric and magnetic lines are consistent with non-Abelian electric-magnetic duality.
Z3 and (×Z3)3 symmetry protected topological paramagnets
Authors: Topchyan Hrant , Iugov Vasilii , Mirumyan Mkhitar , Khachatryan Shahane , Hakobyan Tigran , Sedrakyan Tigran 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
We identify two-dimensional three-state Potts paramagnets with gapless edge modes on a triangular lattice protected by (×Z3)3 ≡ Z3 × Z3 × Z3 symmetry and smaller Z3 symmetry. We derive microscopic models for the gapless edge, uncover their symmetries and analyze the conformal properties. We study the properties of the gapless edge by employing the numerical density-matrix renormalization group (DMRG) simulation and exact diagonalization. We discuss the corresponding conformal field theory, its central charge, and the scaling dimension of the corresponding primary field. We argue, that the low energy limit of our edge modes defined by the SUk(3)/SUk(2) coset conformal field theory with the level k = 2. The discussed two-dimensional models realize a variety of symmetry-protected topological phases, opening a window for studies of the unconventional quantum criticalities between them.
Transkranielle Gleichstromstimulation zur Verbesserung der Trainingseffektivität bei chronischer Aphasie nach Schlaganfall – wie gelingt die Studienrekrutierung Betroffener?
Authors: Unger Nina , Stahl Benjamin , Darkow Robert , Scholz Veronika , Weinmar Isabel , Schmidt Johanna , Breitenstein Caterina , Meinzer Marcus , Grewe Tanja , Flöel Agnes 
Published: January 2024

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung/Hintergrund
DC_TRAIN_APHASIA ist eine multizentrische, randomisiert-kontrollierte Studie, die seit November 2019 unter Federführung der Universitätsmedizin Greifswald durchgeführt wird (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03930121). Die Studie untersucht, ob adjuvante transkranielle Gleichstromstimulation („transcranial direct current stimulation“, tDCS) den Erfolg einer 3‑wöchigen intensiven Sprachtherapie bei chronischer Aphasie steigern kann.

Material und Methode
Bis Ende 2024 sollen bundesweit 130 Patient:innen eingeschlossen werden. Die Entwicklung innovativer Rekrutierungsstrategien stellt seit Beginn der Studie eine Herausforderung dar. Neben gängigen Rekrutierungsmethoden wie der direkten Ansprache von Menschen mit Aphasie in Kliniken, Logopädiepraxen, Rehabilitationseinrichtungen und Selbsthilfegruppen wurden Radiowerbespots, Fernsehbeiträge und Auftritte in sozialen Medien erprobt.

Zwischenergebnisse
Bis zum aktuellen Zeitpunkt konnten 110 Patient:innen in die Studie eingeschlossen werden. Zum größten kurzzeitigen Rücklauf führte die Rekrutierung über einen Fernseh- bzw. Radiobeitrag. Den größten langfristigen Rücklauf ergab die Rekrutierung über Logopädie- und Neurologiepraxen, Selbsthilfegruppen und soziale Medien. Teilnehmer:innen berichteten als „Testimonials“ positiv von der Sprachtherapie und der Anwendung von tDCS, die sich als gut verträglich erwies.

Diskussion
Die multizentrische Studie DC_TRAIN_APHASIA prüft die Wirksamkeit von tDCS als adjuvante Applikation für intensive Sprachtherapie bei chronischer Aphasie. Die vorliegende Übersicht soll künftigen Studien als Leitfaden zur Rekrutierung von Stichproben dienen, die Menschen mit eingeschränkten kommunikativen Fähigkeiten umfassen.
Development of a high-performance thin-layer chromatography-based method for targeted glycerolipidome profiling of microalgae
Authors: Makay Kolos , Griehl Carola , Grewe Claudia 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe conditionally essential very-long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (VLC-PUFAs), such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, C20:5 n-3), play a vital role in human nutrition. Their biological activity is thereby greatly influenced by the distinct glycerolipid molecule that they are esterified to. Here, microalgae differ from the conventional source, fish oil, both in quantity and distribution of VLC-PUFAs among the glycerolipidome. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop a fast and reliable one-dimensional high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC)-based method that allows the separation and quantification of the main microalgal glycerolipid classes (e.g., monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG), sulfoquinovosyl diacylglycerol (SQDG), phosphatidylglycerol (PG)), as well as the subsequent analysis of their respective fatty acid distribution via gas chromatography (GC) coupled to mass spectrometry (MS). Following optimization, method validation was carried out for 13 different lipid classes, based on the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines. In HPTLC, linearity was effective between 100 and 2100 ng, with a limit of quantification between 62.99 and 90.09 ng depending on the glycerolipid class, with strong correlation coefficients (R2 > 0.995). The recovery varied between 93.17 and 108.12%, while the inter-day precision measurements showed coefficients of variation of less than 8.85%, close to the limit of detection. Applying this method to crude lipid extracts of four EPA producing microalgae of commercial interest, the content of different glycerolipid classes was assessed together with the respective FA distribution subsequent to band elution. The results showed that the described precise and accurate HPTLC method offers the possibility to be used routinely to follow variations in the glycerolipid class levels throughout strain screening, cultivation, or bioprocessing. Thus, additional quantitative analytical information on the complex lipidome of microalgae can be obtained, especially for n-3 and n-6 enriched lipid fractions.
Graphical Abstract