bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Endoscopic Ultrasonography of the Esophagus
Authors: Fukuda Morimichi , Hirata Kenichiro , Natori Hiroshi 
Published: August 2002

AbstractEndoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) is a generally accepted technique for the preoperative staging of malignant tumors in the upper and lower gastrointestinal tracts. In particular, EUS has been considered the method of choice in diagnosing esophageal carcinoma due to the relative ease in performing the examination and the accuracy of staging based on high‐resolution ultrasonic imaging from within the lumen of the esophagus. This comprehensive review covers currently available EUS instruments, image characteristics of esophageal carcinoma, and images by the recently introduced miniprobe scanner. The role of the method in diagnosing superficial esophageal carcinoma and the possible treatment by endoscopic mucosal resection of this particular disease entity are discussed.
Interaction of Endonuclease Eco RI with Short Specific and Nonspecific Oligonucleotides
Authors: Kolocheva Tat'yana I. , Maksakova Galiya A. , Bugreev Dmitry D. , Nevinsky Georgy A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe interaction of Eco RI with different oligodeoxyribonucleotides (ODNs) was analyzed using the method of the slow step‐by‐step simplification in their complexity. Orthophosphate (K I = 31 mM), 2‐deoxyribose 5‐phosphate (K I = 4.6 mM) and different dNMPs (K I = 2.1‐2.5 mM) were shown to be the minimal ligands of the enzyme. The lengthening of a nonspecific d(pN) n (n = 1‐6) by one nucleotide unit resulted in the increase of their affinity by a factor of 2.0. Weak nonspecific electrostatic contacts of Eco RI with internucleotide phosphate groups of ODNs can account for about 5 orders of magnitude in the ligand affinity, whereas the contribution of specific interactions between Eco RI and d(pN) n is no more than 2 orders of magnitude of a total ODN's affinity.
Self‐esteem and its relationship to bullying behaviour
Authors: O’Moore M. , Kirkham C. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractFrom the rapidly growing literature on bullying, it is increasingly recognised that peer relationship problems as manifested in being bullied are associated with low self‐esteem. However, the literature on self‐esteem in relation to children who bully others is controversial. The objective of this paper is to elucidate further our understanding of the relationship between self‐concept and bullying behaviour. Data from a nationwide study of bullying behaviour carried out in Ireland during 1993‐1994 have been reviewed. The relevant results from 8,249 school children aged 8 to 18 years are presented. The paper examines the global and dimensional nature of self‐esteem and how it relates to children and adolescents who either have been victimised or bullied others. A distinction is made between “pure victims,” “pure bullies,” and children and adolescents who were both bullied and who bullied others. In other words, pure victims were those who had not bullied others, and pure bullies had not themselves been bullied. Those who were both bullied and bullied others were subdivided further into victims who bully occasionally, sometimes, and frequently and bullies who are victimised, occasionally, sometimes, and frequently. The results show that children of both primary and post‐primary age who were involved in bullying as victims, bullies, or both had significantly lower global self‐esteem than did children who had neither bullied nor been bullied. However, the pure bullies, in contrast to the pure victims, placed the same value on their physical attractiveness and attributes and on their popularity as did their peers who had not bullied others or been bullied. The bully‐victims of all ages had the lowest self‐esteem of the subgroups in the study. Also, the more frequently children were victimised or bullied others, the lower was their global self‐esteem. The typology and frequency of bullying and the age of the children when they were involved in bullying influenced the status of the specific domains of self‐esteem. There were, e.g., significant differences in anxiety between the pure bullies of post‐primary age and their peers who had not bullied others or been bullied. The post‐primary children who bullied most frequently were the least anxious. The results indicate that high self‐esteem protects children and adolescents from involvement in bullying. Thus, in view of the strong relationship between self‐esteem and bullying that has been found in the present paper, it is recommended that top priority be given by parents and teachers to preventing and reducing feelings of poor self‐worth among children and adolescents. Aggr. Behav. 27:269–283, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Reduced right hemisphere activation in severely abused violent offenders during a working memory task: An fMRI study
Authors: Raine Adrian , Park Sohee , Lencz Todd , Bihrle Susan , LaCasse Lori , Widom Cathy Spatz , Al‐Dayeh Louai , Singh Manbir 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis study uses functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to address two important gaps in our knowledge of brain functioning and violence: (1) What are the brain correlates of adults in the community who have suffered severe physical abuse early in life and who go on to perpetrate serious violence in adulthood? (2) What characterizes those who experience severe physical abuse but who refrain from serious violence? Four groups of participants recruited from the community (controls, severe physical child abuse only, serious violence only, and severely abused, seriously violent offenders) underwent fMRI while performing a visual/verbal working memory task. Violent offenders who had suffered severe child abuse show reduced right hemisphere functioning, particularly in the right temporal cortex. Abused individuals who refrain from serious violence showed relatively lower left, but higher right, activation of the superior temporal gyrus. Abused individuals, irrespective of violence status, showed reduced cortical activation during the working memory task, especially in the left hemisphere. Brain deficits were independent of IQ, history of head injury, task performance, cognitive strategy, and mental activity during the control task. Findings constitute the first fMRI study of brain dysfunction in violent offenders, and indicate that initial right hemisphere dysfunction, when combined with the effects of severe early physical abuse, predisposes to serious violence but that relatively good right hemisphere functioning protects against violence in physically abused children. Aggr. Behav. 27:111–129, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The GABAergic effect of low doses of lorazepam on social behavior
Authors: Pérez Conchillo María , Martínez‐Sanchis Sonia , Salvador Alicia , Simón Vicente M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe aim of this work was to test the antiaggressive effects of lorazepam and to determine whether these effects were mediated by benzodiazepine receptors. In a first experiment, male mice were injected with lorazepam in a range of low doses (0.05, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.6 mg/kg) or saline solution. In a second experiment, 1 mg/kg of Ro 15‐1788, a benzodiazepine receptor antagonist, and a saline solution were injected before the behavioral test. Results showed that 0.6 mg/kg of lorazepam was the only dose that decreased the total duration of threat (P < .01) and social investigation (P < .05) and that 1 mg/kg of Ro 15‐1788 had no effects. In the third experiment, animals received two injections: 0.6 mg/kg of lorazepam plus 1 mg/kg of Ro 15‐1788, 0.6 mg/kg of lorazepam plus saline solution, or saline solution plus saline solution. Those treated with lorazepam and saline solution spent less time digging (P < .001), threatening (P < .001), and attacking (P < .05) and more time avoiding the opponent (P < .01) or being immobile (P < .001) than the controls. Ro 15‐1788 was successful in completely antagonizing the behavior modulated by lorazepam. Aggr. Behav. 28:248–256, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Is traumatic memory special ? A comparison of traumatic memory characteristics with memory for other emotional life experiences
Authors: Porter Stephen , Birt Angela R. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAccording to the traumatic memory argument, traumatic experiences are processed and remembered in a fundamentally different way from other life events. To investigate the validity of this theory, 306 participants were asked to give detailed accounts of two life experiences: their most traumatic experience and their most positive emotional experience (counterbalanced). Participants also described the qualities of each memory and completed psychological scales measuring severity of trauma, personality, and dissociation. Results indicated that traumatic memories differed from non‐traumatic memories phenomenologically (e.g. vantage point) and qualitatively (e.g. number of details). However, the memories also showed important similarities (e.g. high degree of vividness). Only a small proportion (4.9%) of participants reported ‘recovering’ their traumatic memories after extended memory loss (most of whom reported consciously putting the experience out of awareness), and 2.6% reported forgetting their positive experiences for an extended period. Overall, traumatic memories were found to be ‘special’, but not in accordance with prominent fragmentation theories of trauma and memory. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Adaptive control of Burgers' equation with unknown viscosity
Authors: Liu Wei‐Jiu , Krstić Miroslav 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn this paper, we propose a fortified boundary control law and an adaptation law for Burgers' equation with unknown viscosity, where no a priori knowledge of a lower bound on viscosity is needed. This control law is decentralized, i.e., implementable without the need for central computer and wiring. Using the Lyapunov method, we prove that the closed‐loop system, including the parameter estimator as a dynamic component, is globally H1 stable and well posed. Furthermore, we show that the state of the system is regulated to zero by developing an alternative to Barbalat's Lemma which cannot be used in the present situation. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A numerical simulation of the filling stage in injection molding based on a surface model
Authors: Zhou Huamin , Li Dequn 
Published: August 2002

AbstractComputer simulation packages have had success in predicting filling behavior in extremely complicated geometries. However, most of the current numerical implementation is based on a hybrid finite‐element/finite‐difference solution with the middle‐plane model. This kind of model leads to some inconvenience in applications. Instead of using the middle‐plane as the datum plane, the surfaces of the cavity are used as datum planes in this article. Additional boundary conditions in the gapwise direction are employed to keep the flows in the surfaces at the same section coordinative. Comparisons with experimental results obtained with an instrumented test mold and C‐Mold results show good agreement in terms of pressure traces and melt‐front advancement. It is demonstrated that the present formulation is well suited to handle cavities generated directly by current CAD systems. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Adv Polym Techn 20: 125–131, 2001
Hepatitis C virus infection and lymphoproliferative diseases: Prospective study on 1,576 patients in France
Authors: Hausfater P. , Cacoub P. , Sterkers Y. , Thibault V. , Amoura Z. , Nguyen L. , Ghillani P. , Leblond V. , Piette J.C. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractContextDiscordant data have been reported about the prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in patients with lymphoproliferative diseases and the putative role of HCV in lymphomagenesis.ObjectiveTo assess the prevalence of HCV infection in patients admitted to a hematology department in Paris, France.DesignProspective, controlled study.SettingUniversity medical center.Patients813 patients admitted to the Hematology department (164 B‐cell non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma, 34 Hodgkin's diseases, 107 chronic lymphocytic leukemia, 54 multiple myeloma, 12 Waldenström's macroglobulinemia, 17 acute lymphoblastic leukemia, 6 hairy cell leukemia, 189 myeloproliferative diseases, 6 solid organ tumors, and 224 nonmalignant diseases) and 694 patients admitted to the Internal Medicine department (control group).MeasurementsAll patients were tested for antibodies to HCV by a third‐generation enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay.ResultsHCV antibodies were detected in 20 of 813 (2.46%) patients in Hematology including 11 of 394 (2.79%) patients with lymphoproliferative diseases, 3 of 164 (1.83%) B‐cell non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma, 2 of 107 (1.87%) chronic lymphocytic leukemia, 1 of 54 (1.85%) multiple myeloma, 1 of 189 (0.5%) myeloproliferative diseases, and 8 of 224 (3.57%) nonmalignant hematologic diseases. HCV antibodies were detected in 3 of 694 (0.43%) patients in the control group. HCV contamination preceded B‐cell non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma only in 2 of 3 HCV‐positive patients.ConclusionThe prevalence of HCV infection was low (1.83%) in patients with B‐cell non‐Hodgkin lymphoma. HCV seems not to play a major role in the pathogenesis of B‐cell lymphoma in France. Cofactors should be stressed to explain geographical discrepancies. Am. J. Hematol. 67:168–171, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Polymorphisms within the angiotensinogen gene (GT‐Repeat) and the risk of stroke in pediatric patients with sickle cell disease: A case‐control study
Authors: Tang Delia C. , Prauner Ron , Liu Wenli , Kim Kye‐Hyun , Hirsch Robert P. , Driscoll M. Catherine , Rodgers Griffin P. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractStroke is one of the most devastating complications of patients with sickle cell disease (SCD). Currently, there are no known molecular or genetic markers that can be used to assess the risk of stroke in this population. We have previously shown that relative hypertension may be one risk factor for stroke in SCD. In a case‐control study, we investigated the association between GT‐repeat polymorphism within the angiotensinogen (AGT) gene and the risk of stroke in pediatric patients with SCD. After informed consent was obtained, 63 patients (21 stroke subjects and 42 nonstroke control subjects matched according to age and sex) with SCD followed at local pediatric hematology clinics were genotyped to test the association of specific GT‐repeat alleles of the AGT gene and occurrence of stroke. There were statistical differences in the distribution of the genotypes among stroke and nonstroke SCD patients (χ2 = 10.82, df = 11, P < 0.05). We also found GT‐repeat alleles A3 and/or A4 of the AGT gene conferred a four‐fold increase in the risk of stroke (odds ratio [OR] = 4, P < 0.05). The attributable odds ratio for allele A3 and A4 is 2.24 and 4.33, respectively (P < 0.005). Our results suggest that GT‐repeat within the AGT gene may be associated with risk of stroke in pediatric SCD. The relative risk of stroke in the presence of alleles A3 and/or A4 is fourfold greater than in the absence of these alleles. If these data are substantiated in a larger cohort of patients, our results indicate that the determination of GT‐repeat of AGT gene may be a useful genetic marker to assess the risk for stroke of patients with SCD. Am. J. Hematol. 68:164–169, 2001. Published 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Menopausal experiences and bone density of Mayan women in Yucatan, Mexico
Authors: Beyene Yewoubdar , Martin Mary C. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis cross‐sectional study reports on the menopausal transition of Mayan women from Yucatan, Mexico. A total of 228 women completed the study, and 118 women were classified by history as postmenopausal; the others were premenopausal. Demographic information, reproductive history, physical examination, hormone concentrations, radial bone density, food samples, and history of physical activity were obtained. The average age at which menopause occurred by history was 44.3 ± 4.4 years; this is reflected in the distribution of FSH levels by age. None of the women reported symptoms of hot flashes, and none recalled any history of significant symptoms associated with their menopausal transition. Hormone levels were similar to U.S. reference values with elevated FSH (66.6 ± 29.1 mIU/ml), low estradiol (9.4 ± 8.3 pg/ml) and estrone (13.3 ± 7.8 pg/ml), E1 > E2, and normal levels of testosterone and androstenedione. BMD declined with age, and values were lower than reference values for United States women. Clinical evidence of fracture was not detected by history or physical examination even for those who were 20 years postmenopausal. The endocrine characteristics of menopause among Mayan women in Yucatan are similar to hormonal changes reported for women in the United States, but signs, symptoms, and apparent consequences are different in the two populations. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 13:505–511, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Postmenopausal function in context: Biocultural observations on Amish, neighboring non‐Amish, and Ifugao household health
Authors: Hewner Sharon J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractEcological approaches to female post‐reproductive function must consider the social context and microenvironment of the household. A model integrating these environmental factors into the analysis of late‐life well‐being (operationally defined as household health) is presented and explored in three settings: an Old Order Amish community, the neighboring community of non‐Amish, and an Ifugao community in the Philippine highlands. Intensive interview and observation of function were completed in a sample of at least 25 households in each community. The complex interaction of social and biological factors is explored in case studies and through multiple regression analysis with household health as the dependent variable. The results emphasize the importance of social support and assessing capabilities within the household. The results also suggest the need for natural field observation of work to better understand the influence of pacing and scheduling, necessity of work, and the role of environmental modification in postmenopausal function. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 13:521–530, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Lung cancer risk, silica exposure, and silicosis in Chinese mines and pottery factories: The modifying role of other workplace lung carcinogens*
Authors: Cocco Pierluigi , Rice Carol H. , Chen Jing Qiong , McCawley Michael A. , McLaughlin Joseph K. , Dosemeci Mustafa 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackgroundAims of our study were to explore whether and to what extent exposure to other lung carcinogens, or staging and clinical features of silicosis modify or confound the association between silica and lung cancer.MethodsWe used data from a nested case‐control study, conducted in the late 1980s in 29 Chinese mines and potteries (10 tungsten mines, 6 copper and iron mines, 4 tin mines, 8 pottery factories, and 1 clay mine), that included 316 lung cancer cases and 1,356 controls, matched by decade of birth and facility type. The previous analysis of these data presented results by type of mine or factory.ResultsIn our study, pooling all 29 Chinese work sites, lung cancer risk showed a modest association with silica exposure. Risk did not vary after excluding subjects with silicosis or adjusting the risk estimates by radiological staging of silicosis. Strong correlation among exposures prevented a detailed evaluation of the role of individual exposures. However, lung cancer risk was for the most part absent when concomitant exposure to other workplace lung carcinogens, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), nickel or radon‐daughters, was considered. The cross classification of lung cancer risk by categories of exposure to respirable silica and total respirable dust did not show an independent effect of total respirable dust. Silicosis showed a modest association with lung cancer, which did not vary by severity of radiological staging, or by radiological evidence of disease progression, or by level of silica exposure. However, among silicotic subjects, lung cancer risk was significantly elevated only when exposure to cadmium and PAH had occurred.ConclusionsOur results suggest that, among silica‐exposed Chinese workers, numerous occupational and non‐occupational risk factors interact in a complex fashion to modify lung cancer risk. Future epidemiological studies on silica and lung cancer should incorporate detailed information on exposure to other workplace lung carcinogens, total respirable dust, and on surface size and age of silica particles to understand whether and to what extent they affect the carcinogenic potential of silica. Am. J. Ind. Med. 40:674–682, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc
Musculoskeletal problems of the neck, shoulder, and back and functional consequences in nurses
Authors: Trinkoff Alison M. , Lipscomb Jane A. , Geiger‐Brown Jeanne , Brady Barbara 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackgroundThough musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are highly prevalent among registered nurses (RNs), little is known about functional consequences of MSDs in nurses.MethodsData on neck, shoulder, and back MSD problems were analyzed in 1,163 working nurses (response rate = 74%). Cases had relevant symptoms lasting at least 1 week or occurring at least monthly in the past year, with at least moderate pain intensity, on average. MSD problems with a frequency, duration, or pain intensity below the level needed to meet the case definition were defined as MSD symptoms. Those who did not meet symptom or case criteria at any body site were defined as asymptomatic. Odds of consequences (e.g., saw a doctor/provider, missed work, reduced/modified work, non‐work activities, or recreation, medication use, inadequate sleep) were estimated for cases versus those with symptoms.ResultsWe found 45.8, 35.1, and 47.0% of nurses had neck, shoulder, or back MSD problems (either at the case or symptom level), respectively, within the past year. Cases were far more likely to have seen a provider versus those with symptoms (adjusted odds ratio, aOR Neck: 4.33, 95% CI: 2.85–6.56; aOR Shoulder: 4.83, 95% CI: 3.00–7.77; aOR Back: 3.69, 95% CI: 2.47–5.49). Cases also were more likely to experience all other functional consequences.ConclusionsMSD consequences are substantial and suggest opportunities for intervention. Future research will examine the impact of work organization and physical demands on MSDs. Am. J. Ind. Med. 41:170–178, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Interstitial pulmonary fibrosis after severe exposure to welding fumes
Authors: Buerke U. , Schneider J. , Rösler J. , Woitowitz H.‐J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackgroundInterstitial pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is reported after long term, severe exposure to welding fumes in poorly ventilated workplaces.MethodsFifteen welders with IPF were examined—13 in our outpatient clinic—from 1990 to 1997. Occupational histories and examinations, lung function analyses, symptoms and clinical findings, histological analyses in 13 patients partly including SEM/EDX‐analyses, chest X‐rays, chest computed tomographies were conducted.ResultsDuration of work as welders was 28 years and the cumulative dose of welding fumes 221 mg/m3 × years (median). Lung function studies found pattern of restriction or combined restriction‐obstruction, lower diffusion capacity, and reduced blood oxygen tension at exercise. Histologicallly, patchy interstitial fibrosis was noted. Accumulations of particulate matter typically for welding fume were detected. EDX showed increase of iron load and close topographical relationship to welding fume particles embedded in areas of scattered fibrosis.ConclusionWhile epidemiological data are limited, it is reasonable to conclude that a causal relationship exists between IPF in welders with long term exposure to high concentrations of welding fumes. Am. J. Ind. Med. 41:259–268, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.