bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The relationship between selected measures of periodontal status and demographic and behavioural risk factors
Authors: Dye Bruce A. , Selwitz Robert H. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractObjective: To assess differences between selected periodontal measures by demographic and behavioural factors in a nationally representative sample of the United States.Methods: Data for 11,347 person's ages 20–79 years from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) were used. Indices and measures constructed from NHANES III data used for this study were: derived community periodontal index (dCPI), attachment loss extent index (ALEI), attachment loss (AL) scores, and a Periodontal Status Measure (PSM) developed for this study.Results: The influence of demographic and behavioural factors varied across the four indices examined in multivariate cumulative logistic models. Moreover, there was significant effect modification by cigarette smoking with age in the ALEI and AL models. The odds ratio (OR) of increasing periodontal disease status among 20–39 year olds as measured by AL or ALEI for current smokers compared with non‐smokers were OR=6.2 (95% confidence interval (CI)=4.1, 8.7) and OR=5.6 (95% CI=3.7, 8.7), respectively. In a similar comparison, the OR for dCPI was 2.6 (95% CI=1.7, 3.8). Furthermore, Mexican American ethnicity was generally not significant in any models using dCPI, PSM, AL, or ALEI and prior dental visit was more likely to be significant only in the dCPI and PSM models.Discussion: Among the well‐known demographic and behavioural influences on periodontal health status, some, such as race/ethnicity and prior dental visit status have different relationships with differing periodontal measures employed to assess periodontal status. Moreover, potential interactions among cofactors also are dependent upon the measure selected. Periodontal research findings may be influenced significantly by periodontal measure selection and its affect on measurement validity. This may have particular relevance to issues concerning disease surveillance and assessing reduction of disparities in oral health. Consequently, a renewed approach to developing appropriate measures for periodontal epidemiology is needed.
Management of inter‐dental/inter‐implant papilla
Authors: Zetu Laura , Wang Hom‐Lay 
Published: June 2005

AbstractObjectives: The aims of this paper are to review and compare existing techniques for creation of interdental/interimplant papillae, to address factors that may influence its appearance and to present an approach that authors developed that could help clinicians to manage and recreate the interproximal papillae.Methods: Papers related to interdental and interimplant papillae published over the last 30 years were selected and analyzed.Results: Thorough treatment planning is essential for maintenance of the height of the interproximal papillae following tooth removal. The key for achieving an esthetically pleasing outcome is the clinicians' ability of properly managing/creating interdental/interimplant papillae. Bone support is the foundation for any soft tissue existence, techniques such as socket augmentation, orthodontic extrusion, guided bone regeneration, onlay graft and distraction osteogenesis are often used for this purpose. Soft tissue grafts as well as esthetic mimic restorations can also be used to enhance the esthetic outcomes.Conclusions: An esthetic triangle is developed to address the foundations that are essential for maintaining/creating papilla. These include adequate bone volume, proper soft tissue thickness as well as esthetic appearing restorations.
A chlorhexidine varnish implemented treatment strategy for chronic periodontitis
Authors: Cosyn Jan , Wyn Iris , De Rouck Tim , Sabzevar Mehran Moradi 
Published: June 2005

AbstractObjectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical outcome of a subgingivally applied chlorhexidine varnish when used as an adjunct to scaling and root planing (SRP) in the treatment of chronic periodontitis.Material and methods: A randomized controlled, single blind, parallel trial was conducted on the basis of 16 volunteers suffering from chronic periodontitis. The control group received oral hygiene instructions and was scaled and root planed in two sessions. The test group received the same instructions and treatment, however, all pockets were additionally disinfected using a chlorhexidine varnish. The gingival index, plaque index, bleeding on probing, probing pocket depth (PPD) and clinical attachment level (CAL) were recorded at baseline and subsequently after 1 and 3 months.Results: Both treatment strategies showed significant reductions in PPD and CAL at both follow‐up visits by comparison with baseline levels (p<0.001). Yet, at study termination, combination therapy resulted in additional pocket reductions between 0.73 and 1.23 mm (p<0.02), and clinical attachment gains between 0.63 and 1.09 mm (p<0.02).Conclusions: These findings suggest that a varnish‐implemented strategy may improve the clinical outcome for the treatment of chronic periodontitis in comparison with SRP alone.
The combined use of enamel matrix proteins and a tetracycline‐coated expanded polytetrafluoroethylene barrier membrane in the treatment of intra‐osseous defects
Authors: Sipos P. M. , Loos B. G. , Abbas F. , Timmerman M. F. , Van Der Velden U. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractObjectives: The purpose of this split‐mouth study was to evaluate the clinical response of enamel matrix proteins (EMPs, Emdogain Gel®) in intra‐osseous defects with or without a combined application of a tetracycline‐coated expanded polytetrafluoroethylene barrier membrane (e‐PTFE, Gore‐Tex®).Methods: Twelve pairs of intra‐osseous periodontal defects in 11 patients received the application of EMPs on the exposed root surface (EMP). One of the two defects received randomly, as an adjunct to EMP treatment, a tetracycline‐coated e‐PTFE membrane (MEMP). At baseline, 6‐ and 12‐month probing pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment level (CAL) and probing bone level (PBL) were measured.Results: After 12 months, the EMP defects showed a significant mean PPD reduction of 2.86±0.75 mm, a mean gain in CAL of 1.28±2.04 mm, a mean PBL gain of 1.63±1.21 mm and a mean increase of recession (REC) of 1.56±2.30 mm. The MEMP defects showed a significant mean PPD reduction of 3.02±1.55 mm, a mean gain in CAL of 1.65±1.29 mm, a mean PBL gain of 1.58±1.92 mm and a mean increase of REC of 1.38±1.63 mm. Except for significantly more post‐operative discomfort at the MEMP sites, no significant differences were found between EMP and MEMP defects.Conclusion: Within the limits of this study, it is concluded that in the treatment of intra‐osseous defects with EMP, the adjunctive use of a tetracycline‐coated e‐PTFE membrane failed to show more gain of CAL and PBL.
Self‐reported oral health, oral hygiene habits, and dental attendance of pregnant women in Kuwait
Authors: Honkala Sisko , Al‐Ansari Jassem 
Published: June 2005

AbstractObjectives: The aim of this study was to describe self‐reported oral health, oral hygiene habits, and frequency of visits to a dentist among pregnant women in Kuwait.Material and Methods: A cross‐sectional study with an anonymous structured questionnaire was distributed among 650 pregnant women during May–June 2003, when they were admitted to the maternity ward at the largest government maternity hospital in Kuwait City. The response rate was 93% (n=603).Results: Every fourth respondent was in her first pregnancy, while 36% already had three or more children. Every fifth woman felt that her oral health was poor, and one‐third of the women believed that they had periodontal problems currently. About two‐thirds of the women were brushing more than once a day and almost all (94%) at least once a day. Over the previous 6 months, 40% had experienced dental pain. Half of the women had visited a dentist during pregnancy, mostly for dental pain. Most of the women had received no instructions concerning oral health care during their pregnancy.Conclusions: A large proportion of the pregnant women in this study had oral health problems; however, half of the women had not seen a dentist during their pregnancy.
The relationship between emotional intelligence and initial response to a standardized periodontal treatment
Authors: Gamboa Ana Beatriz O. , Hughes Francis J. , Marcenes Wagner 
Published: June 2005

AbstractObjectives: Emotional intelligence (EI) is a psychological construct, which has been proposed as a measure of coping mechanisms. The aim of this pilot study was to investigate the relationship between different domains of EI, and initial response to a simplified non‐surgical treatment protocol in 29 patients with chronic periodontitis.Methods: Assessment of patients included socio‐demographic and behavioural variables and assessment of EI. Clinical assessment included measurement of plaque and gingival bleeding. Patients received oral hygiene instruction (OHI) and supra‐gingival scaling and polishing over two visits, and re‐assessed after 3 weeks.Results: There was a significant overall reduction in plaque and bleeding. Plaque reduction was positively associated with the EI construct of intentionality, resilience, constructive discontent and personal power (Spearman's rank test). Reduction in bleeding was positively correlated with resilience, constructive discontent and intuition.Conclusions: This pilot study demonstrated an association between EI domains and short‐term changes in plaque and bleeding, and suggest that initial responses to standardized periodontal treatment may be partly related to EI.
Effects of single‐visit full‐mouth ultrasonic debridement versus quadrant‐wise ultrasonic debridement
Authors: Koshy Geena , Kawashima Yoko , Kiji Makoto , Nitta Hiroshi , Umeda Makoto , Nagasawa Toshiyuki , Ishikawa Isao 
Published: June 2005

AbstractBackground: The aim of this randomized controlled clinical trial was to determine the effects of single‐visit full‐mouth ultrasonic debridement versus quadrant‐wise therapy.Material and Methods: Thirty‐six subjects with chronic periodontitis, were randomly allocated to three groups – quadrant‐wise ultrasonic debridement, single‐visit full‐mouth ultrasonic debridement with povidone iodine and single‐visit full‐mouth ultrasonic debridement with water. Whole‐mouth plaque, bleeding on probing (BOP), pocket depth and attachment level were recorded before treatment and 1, 3 and 6 months post‐treatment. Plaque and saliva samples were collected for microbiological analysis.Results: After treatment, all groups showed significant improvement in clinical parameters. Full‐mouth treatments resulted in similar improvements in full‐mouth mean plaque percentage, probing pocket depth and probing attachment level as conventional therapy. When data were analysed based on pocket depth and tooth type, there was no difference between groups in probing depth reduction or attachment gains. The full‐mouth groups demonstrated greater reduction in BOP% and number of pockets 5 mm and the total treatment time was significantly shorter. The detection frequencies of periodontal pathogens in plaque and saliva showed slight changes with no difference between groups.Conclusion: Single‐visit full‐mouth mechanical debridement may have limited additional benefits over quadrant‐wise therapy in the treatment of periodontitis, but can be completed in a shorter time.
Listening to learning outside the classroom: student teachers study playground literacies
Authors: Grugeon Elizabeth 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThis article reports on ongoing work in initial teacher education (ITE) where student teachers have been required to observe and record children's play, to describe and analyse this, and to consider the pedagogical implications. They have been introduced to a theoretical background, which takes into account the increasingly multi‐modal nature of literacy practices, and have been shown a methodology for conducting a small‐scale ethnographic research project on the playground. They have been encouraged to consider how the unofficial literacy practices of the children's homes, communities and popular culture might affect the official practices of the school, and to understand how children absorb and recreate texts from beyond the school curriculum. The article reflects the student teachers' findings on school playgrounds, with narratives re‐enacted and drawn from popular media, imaginative use of playground space, and games that explore the pupils' present and future lives. Student teachers begin to recognise the vital role of socio‐dramatic play in the development of emergent literacy. They also develop insights on applying children's expertise outside the classroom to their literacy practices within the school.
Networking aroundThe Waterholeand other tales: the importance of relationships among texts for reading and related instruction
Authors: Harris Pauline , McKenzie Barbara 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThis article explores ways in which children's picture books form networks of relationships, and their implications for readers and classroom teachers. In this exploration, reading is seen to involve making connections within and beyond the text at hand. These connections, evoked differently across readers, shape readers' interpretations of text. Many possible meanings may arise from just one text, reinforcing the idea that no single correct meaning resides in a text. This article demonstrates tools for exploring textual connections with readers, and the value of such explorations for opening‐up reader interpretations of a text.
Focus in creative learning: drawing on art for language development
Authors: Heath Shirley Brice , Wolf Shelby 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThis article asks what happens to the learning of young children when they work regularly with a professional visual artist in their school. Through Creative Partnerships, a national programme initiated in 2002 to bring creative professionals into schools across England, some school children have had the opportunity for sustained project work with artists. Examined here is the context in which children (ages 4, 5, 6 and 7) worked one day a week during the academic year of 2003–2004 with Roy Smith, resident artist in Hythe Community School. Key to the children's drawing, painting and talking was close focused attention on details of three‐dimensional objects, portraits, still‐life works and their own creations. Smith's conversations with the children routinely included three and four‐syllable technical terms, biographical details of artists' lives and comparative critiques. Within several months, the art of the children reflected understanding of concepts such as foregrounding, and they showed confidence in working with problems Smith set up for them (“What do you think would happen if …?”). Particularly important here is the combination of manual and linguistic work that demands attention to detail, receptive understanding of complex terms and processes, and familiarity with the analytical and sequential thinking needed to identify and solve problems.
The Interaction of a Baroclinic Mean Flow with Long Rossby Waves
Authors: Colin de Verdière A. , Tailleux R. 
Published: June 2005

Abstract
The effect of a baroclinic mean flow on long oceanic Rossby waves is studied using a combination of analytical and numerical solutions of the eigenvalue problem. The effect is summarized by the value of the nondimensional numberwhen the mean flow shear keeps a constant sign throughout the water column. Because previous studies have shown that no interaction occurs if the mean flow has the shape of the first unperturbed mode (the non–Doppler shift effect), an implicit assumption in the application of the present work to the real ocean is that the relative projections of the mean flow on the second and higher modes remain approximately constant. Because R2 is large at low latitudes between 10° and 30° (the southern branches of subtropical gyres or the regions of surface westward shear), the phase speed of the first mode is very slightly decreased from the no mean flow standard theory case. Between 30° and 40° latitudes (the northern branches of the subtropical gyres or the regions of surface eastward shear), R2 is O(10) and the westward phase speed can increase significantly (up to a factor of 2). At still higher latitudes when R2 is O(1) a critical transition occurs below which no discrete Rossby waves are found that might explain the absence of observations of zonal propagations at latitudes higher than 50°. Our case studies, chosen to represent the top-trapped and constant-sign shear profiles of observed mean flows, all show the importance of three main effects on the value of the first baroclinic mode Rossby wave speed: 1) the meridional gradient of the quantity N2/f (where N is the buoyancy frequency) rather than that of the potential vorticity fN2; 2) the curvature of the mean flow in the vertical direction, which appears particularly important to predict the sign of the phase speed correction to the no-mean-flow standard theory case: increase (decrease) of the westward phase speed when the surface-intensified mean flow is eastward (westward); and 3) a weighted vertical average of the mean flow velocity, acting as a Doppler-shift term, which is small in general but important to determine the precise value of the phase speed.
A Simplified Model for Smoke Filling Time Calculation with Sprinkler Effects
Authors: Chung Kee-Chiang , Tung Hsing-Sheng 
Published: June 2005

Recently, many computational methods for determining the position of a smoke layer height in a confined space have been reported for fire safety design purposes. Most of the existing smoke layer height prediction models were developed without considering the sprinkler effect. However, most buildings are required to install sprinkler systems under the local fire regulations in many countries. Hence, most of the smoke filling time calculation models were not able to reflect the smoke layer height in a real fire. A modified smoke filling time calculation method with sprinkler effect is presented in this paper. In addition to the theoretical analysis, a full-scale experimental program is conducted to evaluate the feasibility of the application of the model. The experimental results show that the smoke filling time of a sprinklered fire test may have a 10-20% faster smoke filling time than an unsprinklered fire test in a confined space. Besides, a new algorithm for applied light beam detectors is developed to measure the smoke layer height precisely, in this study.
Discovery of the photosynthetic relatives of the "Maltese mushroom" Cynomorium
Authors: Nickrent Daniel L , Der Joshua P , Anderson Frank E 
Published: June 2005

AbstractBackgroundAlthough recent molecular phylogenetic studies have identified the photosynthetic relatives of several enigmatic holoparasitic angiosperms, uncertainty remains for the last parasitic plant order, Balanophorales, often considered to include two families, Balanophoraceae and Cynomoriaceae. The nonphotosynthetic (holoparasitic) flowering plantCynomorium coccineumhas long been known to the Muslim world as "tarthuth" and to Europeans as the "Maltese mushroom";C. songaricumis known in Chinese medicine as "suo yang." Interest in these plants is increasing and they are being extensively collected from wild populations for use in herbal medicines.ResultsHere we report molecular phylogenetic analyses of nuclear ribosomal DNA and mitochondrialmatRsequence data that strongly support the independent origin of Balanophoraceae and Cynomoriaceae. Analyses of single gene and combined gene data sets placeCynomoriumin Saxifragales, possibly near Crassulaceae (stonecrop family). Balanophoraceae appear related to Santalales (sandalwood order), a position previously suggested from morphological characters that are often assumed to be convergent.ConclusionOur work shows thatCynomoriumand Balanophoraceae are not closely related as indicated in all past and present classifications. Thus, morphological features, such as inflorescences bearing numerous highly reduced flowers, are convergent and were attained independently by these two holoparasite lineages. Given the widespread harvest of wildCynomoriumspecies for herbal medicines, we here raise conservation concerns and suggest that further molecular phylogenetic work is needed to identify its photosynthetic relatives. These relatives, which will be easier to cultivate, should then be examined for phytochemical activity purported to be present in the more sensitiveCynomorium.
Inbred mouse strains C57BL/6J and DBA/2J vary in sensitivity to a subset of bitter stimuli
Authors: Boughter John D , Raghow Sandeep , Nelson Theodore M , Munger Steven D 
Published: June 2005

Abstract

Background
Common inbred mouse strains are genotypically diverse, but it is still poorly understood how this diversity relates to specific differences in behavior. To identify quantitative trait genes that influence taste behavior differences, it is critical to utilize assays that exclusively measure the contribution of orosensory cues. With a few exceptions, previous characterizations of behavioral taste sensitivity in inbred mouse strains have generally measured consumption, which can be confounded by post-ingestive effects. Here, we used a taste-salient brief-access procedure to measure taste sensitivity to eight stimuli characterized as bitter or aversive in C57BL/6J (B6) and DBA/2J (D2) mice.

Results
B6 mice were more sensitive than D2 mice to a subset of bitter stimuli, including quinine hydrochloride (QHCl), 6-n-propylthiouracil (PROP), and MgCl2. D2 mice were more sensitive than B6 mice to the bitter stimulus raffinose undecaacetate (RUA). These strains did not differ in sensitivity to cycloheximide (CYX), denatonium benzoate (DB), KCl or HCl.

Conclusion
B6-D2 taste sensitivity differences indicate that differences in consumption of QHCl, PROP, MgCl2 and RUA are based on immediate orosensory cues, not post-ingestive effects. The absence of a strain difference for CYX suggests that polymorphisms in a T2R-type taste receptor shown to be differentially sensitive to CYX in vitro are unlikely to differentially contribute to the CYX behavioral response in vivo. The results of these studies point to the utility of these common mouse strains and their associated resources for investigation into the genetic mechanisms of taste.