bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
It Is Easy To Find Lithium; Turning a Profit Is Hard
Authors: Rassenfoss Stephen 
Published: November 2023

Finding lithium in the water from oil and gas wells is easy. Finding enough to make money is hard.
In the US and Canada there has been growing interest in directly extracting lithium from the water coming out of the oil/water separator, which is competing with more established techniques such as mining and evaporating lithium-rich fluids.
The race to find lithium is driven by expectations that fast-rising electric car sales will make the lithium required for batteries in those vehicles a valuable commodity. Those chasing direct extraction are also betting that their innovations can do what they say.
Direct extraction from water started looking like a real possibility earlier this year when ExxonMobil paid $100 million to buy a company holding 120,000 gross acres of leases in south Arkansas.
The price reflected the location in the heart of the direct lithium extraction industry of the future. The area offers a unique combination of lithium-rich water plus the infrastructure and expertise needed to transport, process, and dispose of the billions of gallons of water needed for industrial-scale mineral extraction.
Commercial production of battery-quality lithium carbonate in Arkansas is years off. But the sprawling network of water-producing wells, pipelines, and processing that have made the state one of the world’s leading bromine producers, lowers the risk and cost of commercial lithium production.
The source of the lithium-rich water is the Smackover—an oil formation discovered near El Dorado, Arkansas, back in 1921 when a gusher blew in. A year after that discovery, there were 608 producing wells nearby, according to the El Dorado News-Times.
Now with lithium looking like battery gold, investors are rushing in. In this emotional market, lithium carbonate prices have swung like cryptocurrency.
As of mid-October, a ton of it was selling for about $25,000. Over the past quarter it averaged $32,000/ton. Late last year it stood at $85,000. And in 2021 it was going for $10,000, said Graham Bain, vice president for subsurface opportunities at Enverus. He offered $25,000/ton as a “go forward price.”
As with oil and gas, hopes of high prices have a way of rapidly increasing supplies, resulting in price-crashing gluts. So far, most oil companies sound curious but far from committed to lithium.
“There’s a big rush. I have received several requests from companies in the Permian Basin to discuss lithium in the water,” said Jean-Philippe Nicot, senior research scientist at the Bureau of Economic Geology (BEG) at The University of Texas at Austin.
He is the lead author on recent paper that offered a primer on what’s known about lithium brines from oil wells in states from Texas to Mississippi. It is based on nearly 1,802 water analyses from the US Geological Survey (USGS)—some dating back to the 1960s—plus a recent 576-well survey by the BEG.
The geologists, whose work ranged from hard-rock mining to water research, said this is an early effort to begin figuring out how to find the lithium in subsurface water.
Technology Focus: EOR Operations (November 2023)
Authors: Barsotti Elizabeth 
Published: November 2023

We often see and, in some very unfortunate cases, experience ravaging wildfires, colossal floods, and scorching droughts. These “once-in-a-lifetime” climate events have become increasingly commonplace. The World Health Organization has referred to climate change as “the biggest health threat facing humanity.” The finger is often pointed at the oil and gas industry as the source of these tragic events. Indeed, according to the International Energy Agency, oil companies emit more than 5,000 million tons of CO2 every year. Even so, seeing organizations pitted against the industry and our livelihoods can be disheartening, especially because we know the other half of the story that is overlooked but cannot be understated. Oil is the bedrock on which modern society is built. The primary question remains: How can we continue to produce oil while minimizing its climate‑harming byproducts?
Thanks to the ingenuity of industry professionals around the world, new technologies are emerging that allow us to achieve this goal. Using these technologies, we can simultaneously maximize CO2 sequestration and oil recovery. By using surfactant-alternating-gas or surfactant/CO2 coinjection processes, oil production and CO2 storage can be tailored to the needs of a specific reservoir, as discussed in paper SPE 212969. The same industry that produces the building blocks for life‑saving medical prosthetics can now also recycle the plastic pollutants accumulating in our landfills and oceans. Using a combination of pyrolysis, chemical functionalization, and pulverization, Janus carbon nanofluids can be mass-produced from waste plastics. Under simulated laboratory conditions, in even ultralow concentrations (0.01 wt% in brine), they can alter wettability and reduce oil/brine interfacial tension, as described in paper SPE 214799. And, while government regulations seek to limit new exploration and drilling, we now have better reservoir-management strategies and tools to continue to produce essential energy from reservoirs that are approaching their centenary. Data from the La-Sa-Xing Field in the Daqing Reservoir complex in China documents reservoir management over more than 50 years, including the maturation of polymer floods from the first small‑scale pilots in 1972 to fieldwide application, which continues to the present. A review of the field in paper SPE 215058 provides insightful guidance on well spacing, slug size, polymer chemistry, and profile modifications, among other aspects.
These developments and more position the oil and gas industry as an essential player in the energy transition.
Recommended additional reading at OnePetro: www.onepetro.org.
SPE 212949 Kuparuk Field Reservoir Management After 40 Years by Trond B. Jensen, ConocoPhillips, et al.
SPE 212958 Accurate Horizontal Well Placement in Waterflooded Field’s Drilling Project: A Case Study From Central Sumatra Basin, Indonesia by Dwiki Fimadoni, Halliburton, et al.
URTeC 3870505 Design of Chemical EOR in Unconventional Reservoirs by Johannes O. Alvarez, Chevron, et al.
Molecular characteristics of VP4 and VP7 of a Rotavirus A in cattle in Yunnan Province, China
Authors: li wengui , Zhang Chenxi , Duan Xinhui , Liu Lixian , Wu Xin , Chai Jun , Wang Guojun , Gao Huafeng 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Rotavirus is classified within the family Reoviridae, subfamily Sedoreovirinae, and the genus Rotavirus. This genus encompasses eight groups, denoted as species A to H, with Group A holding particular significance due to its widespread prevalence among both human and animal populations. Among these, Bovine rotavirus (BoRV) stands out as the leading cause of substantial morbidity, mortality, and economic losses in neonatal calves.Rotavirus is classified within the family Reoviridae, subfamily Sedoreovirinae, and the genus Rotavirus. This genus encompasses eight groups, denoted as species A to H, with Group A holding particular significance due to its widespread prevalence among both human and animal populations. Among these, Bovine rotavirus (BoRV) stands out as the leading cause of substantial morbidity, mortality, and economic losses in neonatal calves. In order to identify the etiology of cattle with diarrheal diseases and further enrich the epidemiological data of bovine rotavirus (BRV) in China, RT-PCR was used to identify virus pathogens from 10 diarrheal cattle fecal samples. Positive samples were inoculated in MA-104 cells, generating stable cytopathologies from the sixth generation. Basic physicochemical properties, structural functions and functions of the VP4/VP7 proteins of the virus were predicted and analyzed by indirect immunofluorescence test (IFA). The results identified the isolated virus was BRV and it was named RVA/Cattle/CHN/YN1/2021/G8P. Following RT-PCR amplification, sequencing and splicing of 11 gene segments of this strain, homology and typing analyses were conducted. A genetic tree of isolated strains was constructed based on VP7 and VP4 sequences, and the genetic evolutionary relationship and the variation of amino acid sequences were analyzed. The results showed that among 11 fragments of the YN-1 genome, 5 segments showed high nucleotide identity with a deer strain, 2 segments with human, 1 with U.S. vaccine strain; 7 segments highly identified with a U.S. strain, among them 5 segments were highly identified with strain C/Cervidae/United States/14-02218-2/2014. Bioinformatics analysis results indicated that both VP4 and VP7 proteins are stable, hydrophilic, transmembrane and non-secretory proteins. The number of O-glycosylation, N-glycosylation, phosphorylation sites were 150 and 59, 3, 102 and 34 in VP4 and VP7, respectively. Subcellular localization is located in the plasma membrane, with α-Spiral and extension as the main structures, with irregular curls and β-The corner running through it. Therefore, the genome constellation of this strain was determined as G8-P[1]-I2-R2-C2-M2-A3-N2-T6-E2-H. The study results lay a foundational work for the development of vaccines, and detection kits, which also support the effective prevention and control of BRV infection in China in the near future.
Bioremediation of common high-molecular-weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: a bibliometric analysis based on Web of Science via VOSviewer
Authors: Tang Jing-Qian , Wu Yang , Han Yao-Yao , Shen Qian-Hui , He Xiang-Feng , Feng Nai Xian , Huang Yong 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
High-molecular-weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (HMW-PAHs) are an important group of persistent organic pollutants. Bioremediation has emerged as a cost-effective and environmentally friendly technique to remediate HMW-PAH contamination. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive bibliometric analysis using VOSviewer software on a dataset comprising 3009 relevant publications retrieved from the Web of Science database. Our analysis specifically focused on exploring the research landscape of bioremediation strategies for common HMW-PAHs, denoted as BC-HMW-PAHs. By employing cocitation analysis, co-occurrence analysis, and clustering analysis, we unveiled the knowledge foundation of BC-HMW-PAH bioremediation research, with notable contributions from renowned academic journals such as Applied and Environmental Microbiology, Chemosphere, and Environmental Science & Technology. The research in this field is interdisciplinary and includes the fields of environmental science, biotechnology, applied microbiology, microbiology, engineering, and toxicology. The key research themes identified encompass PAHs, biodegradation, benzo[a]pyrene, bioaugmentation, and degradation. Based on insights from our bibliometric analysis, we presented five research recommendations: in-depth exploration of degradation mechanisms for specific HMW-PAHs, thorough comprehension of microbial metabolic pathways, investigation into the toxicity and degradation products of HMW-PAHs, implementation of field experiments and scale-up applications, and establishment of long-term monitoring and assessment protocols.
Shoot Tip Cryopreservation and Elimination of SMV and CMV Virus from Infected Stocks of Pinellia ternata (Thunb.) Breit.
Authors: Dong Wanqi , Wang jinxiu , Gao Sufang , Tang Shunli , He chunyu , Guo Qingyi , zhang yanhong 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Cryopreservation, an effective protocol for long-term conservation, requires minimal maintenance and space. Genetic resource collection of Pinellia ternata (Thunb.) Breit. is essential for breeding and genetic diversity. The purpose of this study is to develop a vitrification cryopreservation protocol and virus-free technology of P. ternata. Shoot tips of dormant buds recovered from cryopreservation yield a regeneration rate of 75.0% and the main steps of the optimized protocol are as following: 0.8 mm-long shoot tips excised from in vitro dormant tubers subjected to cold-acclimation for 14 days, and then treated with LS for 20 min and incubated in plant vitrification solution (PVS2) for 40 min followed by plunging directly into liquid nitrogen. After rapid thawing at 38°C for 2 min, the shoot tips were unloaded in a 1.2 M sucrose solution for 20 min and then inoculated into 1/2MS medium (half-strength salts) supplement with KT 0.5 mg·L−1, NAA 0.2 mg·L−1, 3% (w/v) sucrose and 0.8% (w/v) agar, pH 5.8. No obvious phenotypic variation was observed. Inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) detected only 0.063% variation bands in 44 cryo-derived plantlets of P. ternata. By means of shoot tips cryotherapy or thermotherapy in vitro plantlets at 35℃ for 4 weeks followed by shoot tips culture for regenerated plants, SMV and CMV could be efficiently eradicated. Thus, cryotherapy would hold great promise as an effective approach for validly eradication of P. ternata viruses, and can be simultaneously applied to long-term collect P. ternata germplasm and produce virus-free plants.
Current Bunching Effect of Large-Scale Alkaline Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Wei Wei , Xia Yanghong , Cheng Haoran , Li Liming , Hu Zhiyuan , Bo Yaolong 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Alkaline water electrolysers (AWEs) are suitable for the industrial hydrogen production driven by renewable energy sources. However, the understanding about the operating principle of large-scale AWEs is not profound and enough. Here, we report the current bunching effect and its related phenomena for large-scale AWEs, namely low-load inefficiency and anomalous efficiency-temperature relationship. It is generally thought that the electrolysis or ionic current is distributed uniformly on the surface of bipolar plates in AWEs, but in fact, the current is not consistent and locates within narrow areas especially for low-load states. Through the detailed electric field calculation, the mechanism of current bunching effect is revealed. It is pointed out that the physical structures and electrical characteristics instead of the chemical properties of AWEs are strongly related to the current bunching effect. Based on the found current bunching effect, the inefficiency and anomalous efficiency-temperature relationship of low-load AWEs can be explained effectively. This work sheds new light on and provides inspiration for the further development of the industrial hydrogen production from fluctuating renewable energy sources based on low-cost AWEs.
Comparison of Clinicopathological and Prognostic Features of Breast Cancer Patients Younger Than 40 Years and Older Than 65 Years
Authors: Culha Yaşar , Davarcı Sena Ece , Ünlü Beyza , Özaşkın Duygu , Demir Hacer , Baykara Meltem 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Purpose
The aim of this study is to compare the clinicopathological and prognostic features of women aged 40 years and younger and 65 years and older with breast cancer.
Methods
Between dates; 01.01.2011 and 31.12.2021 136 female cases aged 40 years and younger and 223 female cases aged 65 and over were identified among all cases (1395 cases) registered as breast cancer in the file archives of Afyonkarahisar Health Sciences University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Oncology for the study. Chi-square (x2) test was used for categorical variables and independent sample t-test for continuous variables. Log-rank test and Kaplan-Meier plots were used for survival analysis. For the statistical evaluation, p < 0.05 was considered significant.
Results
Both overall survival (p < 0.01) and breast cancer specific survival (BCSS) (p = 0.01) were significantly worse in the older group. BCSS, were significantly worse in the older group in Luminal B (HER2-) (p = 0.013) and HR- HER2+ (p = 0.015) subtypes detected. In multivariate cox regression analysis, only presence of metastases at diagnosis or follow-up (p < 0.001) and ECOG PS 2–3 status (p = 0.001) were associated with an increased risk of breast cancer specific death.
Conclusion
In our knowledge there is not a study that directly compare this two groups. In our study, similar to many studies, more aggressive tumor features were found in young patients, but unlike many studies, mortality was found to be significantly higher in older patients. Presence of metastasis and poor ECOG PS were found to be the most influential factors in breast cancer specific death risk.
Association between the endocannabinoid system-related gene polymorphisms and epilepsy
Authors: Anvar Leila Hosseinzadeh , Moosavi Seyyed Ebrahim , Charsouei Saeid , Zeinalzadeh Narges , Nikanfar Masoud , Ahmadalipour Ali 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is an intricate network consisting of receptors, enzymes, and endogenous ligands that play a pivotal role in various neurological processes. It has been implicated in the pathophysiology of several neurological disorders, including epilepsy. Extensive research has demonstrated the involvement of genetic factors in influencing the susceptibility to and progression of epilepsy. In this study, we focused on investigating the connection between genetic variations in genes related to the ECS and the occurrence of epilepsy. Some ECS-related gene polymorphisms were selected and genotyping was performed using the polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) technique. Interestingly, CB1 rs12720071 genotype (OR 16.33, 95% CI 1.8–149; p = 0.001) showed an association with generalized epilepsy and MAGL rs604300 genotype (OR 2, 95% CI 1.1–3.4; p = 0.013) demonstrated a relationship with females diagnosed with focal epilepsy. So, studying CB1, MAGL and their genetic variations provides insights into the role of the endocannabinoid system in health and diseases. Moreover, they hold the potential to pave the way for the development of novel therapeutic approaches specifically targeting them.
United States Electric Utility Adaptation to Natural Disasters and Green Power Mandates
Authors: Huang Robert , Kahn Matthew 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Access to electricity is a crucial determinant of quality of life and productivity. The United States has a highly reliable electricity grid, but it faces new resilience challenges posed by more intense natural disasters and ambitious green power requirements. Over the past decade, utilities have faced a tradeoff between achieving local carbon mitigation goals and offering reliable power access. Using a generator panel dataset from 2013 to 2022, we document that electricity generation from renewables declines during extreme weather events. Based on an electric utility panel dataset over the same period, we find that natural disasters disrupt electricity distribution, but transmission lines are resilient to such shocks. Utilities have made some adaptation progress over time. The higher costs of supplying reliable green power are associated with higher retail electricity prices.
A Graph-Based Approach for Prioritizing Sets of Related Cancer Genes
Authors: Ochieng Peter Juma , Dombi József , Kalmár Tibor , Maróti Zoltán , London András , Krész Miklós 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Purpose:
The identification of cancer-related genes with significant mutations is critical for deciphering the underlying mechanisms of tumor initiation and progression. Because of the infinite number of genes that are mutated at a low frequency, this is often a critical task in large-scale genomic analysis. To identify infrequently mutated genes, gene interaction networks have been combined with mutation data. Here, we introduce GBP-PR (Graph-Based Prioritization with PageRank), an efficient computational approach for prioritizing cancer-related genes.
Methods:
GBP-PR assigns a mutation score to each gene based on the type of mutation.Then the mutation neighbor influence of each gene received from their neighbors in the network is calculated via the asymmetric spreading strength computed from the consensus gene interaction network. To generate a set of the prioritized potential cancer genes, GBP-PR applies a PageRank algorithm with a gene-specific dynamic damping.
Results:
The experimental results with six types of cancer indicate the potential of GBP-PR to discover known and possible new significant cancer genes. Evaluation matrices with six types of cancer indicate that GBP-PR performs better when integrated with PageRank Algorithm compared with other rating algorithms (GBP-Keener, GBP-Colley, and GBP-Massey)
Predicting Postoperative Skeletal Muscle Mass Loss in Patients with Gastric Cancer based on The Charlson Comorbidity Index
Authors: Jiang Zhi-xuan , Lu Yang-bin , Huang Jian-qiang , yang Xinxin , Shao Jian can , Zhang Weiteng , Prof Xian Shen , Chen Xiaodong 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background and aims:
Postoperative loss of skeletal muscle mass in cancer patients is closely associated with tumour recurrence and poor survival. The Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) is associated with survival in patients with gastric cancer. This study aimed to analyse the relationship between the CCI and postoperative skeletal muscle mass loss in patients with gastric cancer.
Methods
We enrolled patients who underwent radical gastrectomy at our centre between 2014 and 2019. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to assess the correlation between Charlson comorbidities and postoperative skeletal muscle mass loss. Subgroups were used to analyse differences among populations with different characteristics.
Results
Of the 816 eligible participants, 405 (49.6%) developed postoperative skeletal muscle mass loss. Further, 133 (16.3%) participants had CCI ≥ 2. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that anaemia (P = 0.048,odds ratio [OR] = 0.704) and hypoalbuminaemia (P = 0.048, OR = 0.704) were independent protective factors against postoperative skeletal muscle mass loss. Furthermore, CCI ≥ 2 scores (P = 0.013, OR = 1.663) and preoperative skeletal muscle index (P < 0.001, OR = 1.060) were independent risk factors for postoperative skeletal muscle mass loss.
Conclusion
The CCI can be used as an effective tool to predict postoperative skeletal muscle mass loss in patients with gastric cancer and can be used to provide new evidence for perioperative nutritional intervention in these patients.
Antimicrobial Potential of Hippocratea indica Acetone Leaf Fractions against Salmonella Typhi: An in vitro and in silico Study
Authors: Owolabi Akinyomade , Akpor Oghenerobor , Ndako James , Owa Stephen , Oluyori Abimbola , Oludipe Emmanuel , Asaleye Rotdelmwa 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Salmonella Typhi is a major global concern in many low- and middle-income countries. In addition, the emergence and persistence of drug resistant strains has increased the impact of this disease. Plant metabolites have been explored traditionally and scientifically as antimicrobial agents. Thus, this study was designed to investigate the antimicrobial potential of acetone leaf fractions of H. indica against S. Typhi. Dried pulverized leaves of H. indica were macerated with acetone after defatting with n-hexane. The leaf extract was concentrated and subjected to column chromatography and eight bioactive fractions were identified. The fractions were characterized using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The fractions were evaluated for antibacterial activity against Salmonella Typhi in-vitro and in-silico. The lowest MIC was observed in fractions 20 and 21 (0.375 mg/mL) while the lowest MBC was observed in all fractions except 7, 17 and 18 (0.375 mg/mL). A ligand from fraction 8 had the highest binding affinity to Type I dehydroquinase (-3.4) and a ligand from fraction 7 had the highest binding affinity to Gyrase B (-11.2). This study concludes that the overall antimicrobial activity of the acetone leaf extract of H. indica provided evidence that it contains drug-like compounds that can be further explored as a drug candidate against S. Typhi.