bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE QUALITY OF NURSING CARE PROVIDED TO PATIENTS LIVING WITH DEMENTIA: FROM COMMUNICATION- TO FUNCTION-FOCUSED CARE
Authors: Resnick Barbara 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Although shortages in nursing abound across all levels of care, it is important that the little time nurses have to engage with patients living with dementia while hospitalized be optimal. The Function Focused Care for Acute Care intervention helps nurses interact with patients living with dementia in a way that engages them in physical activity during all care interactions. This includes such things as walking a patient to the bathroom instead of using a commode chair or bedpan, role modeling for patients and having them wash their face and upper body, walking patients in the hallway when agitated, or doing hand over hand feeding and bathing if the patient is totally dependent. Function focused care provides staff with ways in which to interact with patients living with dementia to be more positive and encouraging with regard to activity and engagement versus neutral or negative. Positive interactions are beneficial in that they encourage participation and engagement in care, neutral interactions are brief and indifferent and provide no encouragement, and negative interactions restrict patients often due to inappropriate safety concerns or for the convenience of the health care team. This symposium will provide an overview of the way in which nurses provide function focused care to patients living with dementia when hospitalized, the quality of care interactions provided and the interventions used in our Function Focused Care work that have helped to improve the percentage of time function focused is provided and the quality of care interactions.
WHAT DO NURSES NEED TO IMPLEMENT FUNCTION-FOCUSED CARE IN THE HOSPITAL?
Authors: Boltz Marie 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The intervention, FFC-AC-EIT, is a theoretically based intervention that includes the implementation of four steps: (1) Environment and policy assessments; (2) Education of staff; (3) Establishing patient goals; and (4) Mentoring and motivating of staff, patients, and families. The nurse interventionist works with a unit-based stakeholder team to develop function-focused goals for the unit and an action plan to meet the goals, while considering barriers to implementation. Based on content analysis of field notes we will describe stakeholder goals established, action plans, and barriers and facilitators to meeting goals in five hospital units. Goals focused on improving staff competency in increasing mobility and physical activity in persons with dementia, integrating mobility assessment and plans into workflows, and improving patient outcomes including decreased falls and less use of constant observation. Common barriers included unstable staffing, inconsistent prioritization among staff and managers, family attitudes, and lack of operating procedures and resources to provide function-focused care. Facilitators at the unit level included administrative support, nurse managers being actively involved in all aspects of planning and oversight, engagement of families, effective communication strategies, involvement of nursing assistants, interdisciplinary collaboration, and access to necessary supplies and equipment. Key implementation strategies included multiple approaches to staff training and communication, the use of champions, clear operating procedures, hardwiring assessment and plans into the electronic record, the use of a feedback loop, and alignment of functional-focused care with other hospital and unit quality initiatives.
PERCEPTIONS OF HOME HEALTH AIDES (HHA) CARING FOR PERSONS LIVING WITH DEMENTIA (PLWD) ABOUT ADOPTION OF TELEHEALTH
Authors: Osakwe Zainab Toteh , Odlum Michelle , Céspedes Amarilis , Perez Sasha 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Home healthcare agencies serve a large and growing population of Persons living with Dementia (PLWD). The COVID-19 pandemic led to rapid adoption and use of telehealth services in the delivery of home healthcare, allowing patients to visit with home healthcare clinicians remotely using virtual technology. Yet, concerns remain about feasibility of telehealth for PLWD on HHC, who largely depend on home health aides to communicate their care concerns with the health care teams. We interviewed 25 HHAs to PLWD between June and August 2020 about their experiences with telehealth as part of a larger study focused on HHA informed care plans for PLWD. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, translated and analyzed using conventional content analysis. We interviewed 25 HHAs employed by 4 unique home healthcare agencies. HHAs had a mean age of 49.8 (± 9.1), 24 (97%) female, 11 (44%) Black, 12 (48%) Hispanic. Twelve HHAs were interviewed in Spanish. The main themes identified were: (1) preference for telehealth platforms that include video conferencing to enhance human interactions, (2) preference for telehealth as a supplement, not substitute, for nursing visits, (3) additional burden of using the tablet or computer while care for PLWD and (4) concerns about inadequate training needed to use telehealth. HHAs expressed concerns about the need to not substitute in person home visits with Telehealth. As home healthcare agencies consider best approaches to integrate telehealth into their care delivery models, communication with HHAs remains key to develop strategies that prioritize the care needs of PLWD.
A new inversion-free iterative algorithm for the discrete algebraic Riccati equation
Authors: Wang Li , Zhu Yuli 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
In this paper, by the transformation form of the discrete algebraic Riccati equation (DARE), we propose a new inverse-free iterative algorithm to obtain the positive definite solution of the DARE. Furthermore, the monotone convergence is proved and convergence rate analysis is presented for the derived algorithm. Compared with some existing algorithms, numerical examples demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of our algorithm.
Prevalence and Predictors of Oral Treponema pallidum Detection by Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction in Early Syphilis
Authors: Dionne Jodie A , Giacani Lorenzo , Tamhane Ashutosh , Workowski Kimberly , Lieberman Nicole A P , Greninger Alexander L , Perlowski Charlotte , Newman Lori , Hook Edward W 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background
Treponema pallidum prevalence and burden at oral and lesion sites in adults with early syphilis were assessed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Factors associated with oral shedding were also examined.

Methods
Pretreatment oral and lesion swabs were collected from adults with early syphilis in a US multicenter syphilis treatment trial. Oral swabs were collected in the presence and absence of oral lesions. Following DNA extraction, qPCR and whole-genome sequencing (WGS) were performed to assess burden and strain variability.

Results
All 32 participants were male, mean age was 35 years, and 90.6% with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). T. pallidum oral PCR positivity varied by stage: 16.7% primary, 44.4% secondary, and 62.5% in early latent syphilis. Median oral T. pallidum burden was highest in secondary syphilis at 63.2 copies/µL. Lesion PCR positivity was similar in primary (40.0%) and secondary syphilis (38.5%). Age 18–29 years was significantly associated with oral shedding (vs age 40+ years) in adjusted models. WGS identified 2 distinct strains.

Conclusions
T. pallidum DNA was directly detected at oral and lesion sites in a significant proportion of men with early syphilis. Younger age was associated with oral shedding. Ease of oral specimen collection and increased PCR availability suggest opportunities to improve syphilis diagnostic testing.
Clinical Trials Registration. NCT03637660.
Hybrid Immunity to SARS-CoV-2 During Pregnancy Provides More Durable Infant Antibody Responses Compared to Natural Infection Alone
Authors: LaCourse Sylvia M , Wetzler Erica A , Aurelio Morgan C , Escudero Jaclyn N , Selke Stacy S , Greninger Alexander L , Goecker Erin A , Barnes Sarina R , Arnould Isabel S , Pérez-Osorio Ailyn C , Richardson Barbra A , Kachikis Alisa , Englund Janet A , Drake Alison L 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background
Hybrid immunity (infection plus vaccination) may increase maternally derived SARS-CoV-2 antibody responses and durability versus infection alone.

Methods
Prospective cohort of pregnant participants with prior SARS-CoV-2 infection (anti-nucleocapsid IgG, RT-PCR, or antigen positive) and their infants had blood collected in pregnancy, at delivery/birth, and postpartum tested for anti-spike (anti-S) IgG and neutralizing antibodies (neutAb).

Results
Among 107 participants at enrollment, 40% were unvaccinated and 60% were vaccinated (received ≥1 dose); 102 had previous SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnancy (median, 19 weeks’ gestation); 5 were diagnosed just prior to pregnancy (median, 8 weeks). At delivery, fewer unvaccinated participants (87% anti-S IgG+, 86% neutAb) and their infants (86% anti-S IgG+, 75% neutAb) had anti-S IgG+ or neutAb compared to vaccinated participants and their infants (100%, P ≤ .01 for all). By 3–6 months postpartum, 50% of infants of unvaccinated participants were anti-S IgG+ and 14% had neutAb, versus 100% among infants of vaccinated participants (all P &lt; .01), with lower median antibody responses (anti-S IgG log10 1.95 vs 3.84 AU/mL, P &lt; .01; neutAb log10 1:1.34 vs 1:3.20, P = .11).

Conclusions
In pregnant people with prior SARS-CoV-2, vaccination before delivery provided more durable maternally derived antibody responses than infection alone in infants through 6 months.
Antifungal resistance and stewardship: a knowledge, attitudes and practices survey among pharmacy students at the University of Zambia; findings and implications
Authors: Mudenda Steward , Matafwali Scott Kaba , Mukosha Moses , Daka Victor , Chabalenge Billy , Chizimu Joseph , Yamba Kaunda , Mufwambi Webrod , Banda Patrick , Chisha Patience , Mulenga Florence , Phiri McLawrence , Mfune Ruth Lindizyani , Kasanga Maisa , Sartelli Massimo , Saleem Zikria , Godman Brian 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Introduction
Antifungal resistance (AFR) is a growing global public health concern. Little is currently known about knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding AFR and antifungal stewardship (AFS) in Zambia, and across the globe. To address this evidence gap, we conducted a study through a questionnaire design starting with pharmacy students as they include the next generation of healthcare professionals.

Methods
A cross-sectional study among 412 pharmacy students from June 2023 to July 2023 using a structured questionnaire. Multivariable analysis was used to determine key factors of influence.

Results
Of the 412 participants, 55.8% were female, with 81.6% aged between 18 and 25 years. Most students had good knowledge (85.9%) and positive attitudes (86.7%) but sub-optimal practices (65.8%) towards AFR and AFS. Overall, 30.2% of students accessed antifungals without a prescription. Male students were less likely to report a good knowledge of AFR (adjusted OR, AOR = 0.55, 95% CI: 0.31–0.98). Similarly, students residing in urban areas were less likely to report a positive attitude (AOR = 0.35, 95% CI: 0.13–0.91). Fourth-year students were also less likely to report good practices compared with second-year students (AOR = 0.48, 95% CI: 0.27–0.85).

Conclusions
Good knowledge and positive attitudes must translate into good practices toward AFR and AFS going forward. Consequently, there is a need to provide educational interventions where students have low scores regarding AFR and AFS. In addition, there is a need to implement strategies to reduce inappropriate dispensing of antifungals, especially without a prescription, to reduce AFR in Zambia.
Skin-sharing Augmentation Mastopexy for Reconstruction of an Adult Female Breast After Severe Childhood Scalds: A Case Report
Authors: Mahrhofer Maximilian , Weitgasser Laurenz , Schoeller Thomas 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This case report describes our treatment of a 37-year-old female, Caucasian patient with a severe unilateral breast deformity after childhood scald trauma. Thermal injuries of the breast in female children pose a challenge for breast reconstruction after puberty since they impede normal development and can lead to psychological trauma. To achieve satisfactory results, a combination of different reconstructive techniques and a multistage approach is required. The patient was initially treated with an augmentation mastopexy of the left breast and a reverse abdominoplasty to correct the asymmetry and replace resected scar tissue. Following the surgery, skin necrosis of the lower breast pole due to insufficient perfusion of the skin occurred. A full-thickness skin graft, using the resected tissue from the healthy right breast after mastopexy, was used for reconstruction. This resulted in a successful outcome and proved to be a possible primary choice as well as a helpful option for salvage procedures. To our knowledge, this is the first case report describing the use of a contralateral mastopexy using the full-thickness skin graft for reconstruction of a burned breast.
Protection of data under unfair competition law in Japan and Korea—a case of asymmetric convergence?
Authors: Lee Nari 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This article explores the question of overlap in unfair competition law in Japan and Korea and discusses whether the introduction of a general clause could address the problem of overlap. Positive laws regulating unfair competition in Japan and Korea have adopted a similar set of rules based on specific conduct regulation, with some variation. Notably, Korean law now prohibits the unfair use of another’s achievement based on an open clause, complementing the specific list of prohibited conduct. The article first presents an overview of unfair competition law in Japan and Korea, highlighting the requirements for protection and limitations, and then explores the problem of overlapping claims surrounding data misappropriation. Contrasting the legislative techniques used by Japan and Korea, this article notes that an open norm may provide the judiciary with an interpretative tool to dynamically address emerging unfair conduct. However, as there is a danger of limiting free competition and potential internal inconsistencies, to avoid asymmetric convergence, open norms should be carefully coordinated with specific conduct prohibitions, with clear prioritization.
Survivorship care in breast cancer: understanding implementation barriers through the lens of the Theoretical Domains Framework
Authors: Brauer Eden R , Petersen Laura , Ganz Patricia A 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background
Breast cancer survivorship guidelines with specific recommendations on managing long-term effects are available, but uptake in clinical practice remains low. Using the lens of the Theoretical Domains Framework, we aimed to understand key factors in guideline-concordant management of long-term effects to inform future implementation efforts in clinical practice contexts.

Methods
As part of a broader survey of oncologists, a theory-guided questionnaire was developed. Oncologists were asked to report level of agreement with Theoretical Domains Framework–based statements, current usage and perceived value of survivorship resources, and frequency of managing long-term effects in routine care. Data analyses included psychometric assessment of the questionnaire, descriptive summaries of theoretical domains and survivorship resources, and multivariable logistic regression models.

Results
In total, 217 oncologists completed the Theoretical Domains Framework–based questionnaire; 54% of oncologists reported “always or almost always” evaluating physical effects at routine survivorship appointments, while 34% did so for psychosocial effects. In regression models, Environmental Context and Resources was the only theoretical domain found to be statistically significantly associated with “always or almost always” evaluating both physical (odds ratio = 0.29, 95% confidence interval = 0.09 to 0.80) and psychosocial (odds ratio = 0.09, 95% confidence interval = 0.02 to 0.35) effects.

Conclusions
Findings support application of the Theoretical Domains Framework in understanding oncologists’ behaviors and perceived barriers in managing long-term effects in breast cancer survivors. In future implementation efforts, this theory-informed approach can be used to target relevant domains and strategies focused on embedding guideline recommendations in the clinical context through structured resources and environmental supports.
IL-6 expression-suppressingLactobacillus reuteristrains alleviate gut microbiota-induced anxiety and depression in mice
Authors: Ma Xiaoyang , Shin Jeong-Woo , Cho Jae-Hyun , Han Seung-Won , Kim Dong-Hyun 
Published: December 2023

AbstractFecal microbiota transplantation from patients with depression/inflammatory bowel disease (PDI) causes depression with gut inflammation in mice. Here, we investigated the effects of six Lactobacillus reuteri strains on brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF), serotonin, and interleukin (IL)-6 expression in neuronal or macrophage cells and PDI fecal microbiota-cultured microbiota (PcM)-induced depression in mice. Of these strains, L6 most potently increased BDNF and serotonin levels in corticosterone-stimulated SH-SY5Y and PC12 cells, followed by L3. L6 most potently decreased IL-6 expression in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages. When L1 (weakest in vitro), L3, and L6 were orally administered in mice with PcM-induced depression, L6 most potently suppressed depression-like behaviors and hippocampal TNF-α and IL-6 expression and increased hippocampal serotonin, BDNF, 5HT7, GABAARα1, and GABABR1b expression, followed by L3 and L1. L6 also suppressed TNF-α and IL-6 expression in the colon. BDNF or serotonin levels in corticosterone-stimulated neuronal cells were negatively correlated with depression-related biomarkers in PcM-transplanted mice, while IL-6 levels in LPS-stimulated macrophage were positively correlated. These findings suggest that IL-6 expression-suppressing and BDNF/serotonin expression-inducing LBPs in vitro, particularly L6, may alleviate gut microbiota-involved depression with colitis in vivo.
CVID With Unusual Peripheral Mononeuropathy and Associated IL-7 Receptor Mutation
Authors: Baxter Joseph , Waters Aubri 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT
Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is the most common symptomatic primary immunodeficiency. It is characterized by hypogammaglobulinemia and can present with a broad range of symptoms including recurrent bacterial infections, autoimmunity, and malignancy. Rarely, it has been implicated with peripheral neuropathy. We present a case of CVID with peripheral neuropathy and a pathogenic heterozygous variant of IL-7 receptor gene. The patient is a 38-year-old female with a history of recurrent infections since childhood including pneumonia and sinus infections status post tonsillectomy and sinus surgery. She subsequently developed severe left leg and lower back pain that progressed to left foot drop and decreased sensation over the left leg. She was found to have severe hypogammaglobulinemia and poor polysaccharide and protein response, thus meeting criteria for CVID. Mononeuropathy is a rare finding in CVID. Genetic panel was performed and was significant for a single pathogenic variant in IL-7 receptor. Disruptions in the IL-7 and IL-7 receptor signaling pathway have been associated with autoimmunity such as rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis. Further investigation is indicated to determine the clinical significance of this variant.
Growth dynamics of untreated meningiomas
Authors: Strand Per Sveino , Wågø Kathrine Jørgensen , Pedersen André , Reinertsen Ingerid , Nälsund Olivia , Jakola Asgeir Store , Bouget David , Hosainey Sayied Abdol Mohieb , Sagberg Lisa Millgård , Vanel Johanna , Solheim Ole 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background
Knowledge about meningioma growth characteristics is needed for developing biologically rational follow-up routines. In this study of untreated meningiomas followed with repeated magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans, we studied growth dynamics and explored potential factors associated with tumor growth.

Methods
In a single-center cohort study, we included 235 adult patients with radiologically suspected intracranial meningioma and at least 3 MRI scans during follow-up. Tumors were segmented using an automatic algorithm from contrast-enhanced T1 series, and, if needed, manually corrected. Potential meningioma growth curves were statistically compared: linear, exponential, linear radial, or Gompertzian. Factors associated with growth were explored.

Results
In 235 patients, 1394 MRI scans were carried out in the median 5-year observational period. Of the models tested, a Gompertzian growth curve best described growth dynamics of meningiomas on group level. 59% of the tumors grew, 27% remained stable, and 14% shrunk. Only 13 patients (5%) underwent surgery during the observational period and were excluded after surgery. Tumor size at the time of diagnosis, multifocality, and length of follow-up were associated with tumor growth, whereas age, sex, presence of peritumoral edema, and hyperintense T2-signal were not significant factors.

Conclusions
Untreated meningiomas follow a Gompertzian growth curve, indicating that increasing and potentially doubling subsequent follow-up intervals between MRIs seems biologically reasonable, instead of fixed time intervals. Tumor size at diagnosis is the strongest predictor of future growth, indicating a potential for longer follow-up intervals for smaller tumors. Although most untreated meningiomas grow, few require surgery.
Ataxic gait and dysarthria in a child: pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration as a diagnosis
Authors: Naggar Amine , Laasri Khadija , Fadil Mohamed , Allali Nazik , El Haddad Siham , Chat Latifa 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration (or previously known as Hallervorden-Spatz syndrome) is a very rare disorder that typically manifests in a child with neurological signs such as gait difficulties, dysarthria, and hyperreflexia, associated potentially with psychiatric symptoms such as cognitive decline. It demonstrates on MRI the typical ‘eye of the tiger’ appearance, which is due to gliosis and accumulation of iron in the globi pallidi. Other differentials can mimic this appearance on MRI, it is therefore important to search for the involvement of other basal ganglia nuclei and the cerebral cortex, and also to consider the clinical and biological context.
Case report: atypical presentation of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis after tick-borne encephalitis
Authors: Garkowski Adam , Okrzeja Jakub , Kubas Bożena , Czupryna Piotr , Zajkowska Joanna , Kuchta Adam , Moniuszko-Malinowska Anna 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is a rare and an immune- mediated inflammatory illness of the central nervous system that normally demonstrates as a monophasic disorder connected with multifocal neurologic symptoms. Herein, we report atypical presentation of ADEM presenting as single lesions in a middle-aged woman after tick-borne encephalitis.