bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pedogenic factors affecting magnetic susceptibility of the last interglacial palaeosol S1 in the Chinese Loess Plateau
Authors: Feng Z.‐D. , Wang H. B. , Olson C. G. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractThe magnetic susceptibility has been used as a quantitative or semi‐quantitative proxy for reconstructing the summer monsoon intensity in the Chinese Loess Plateau based on extensive studies on climatic or/and environmental mechanisms producing the magnetic susceptibility signatures. However, the precise nature of the link between past climates and the susceptibility signatures has remained uncertain primarily due to lack of our understanding in the ﬁnalizing and preserving processes of the signatures. This paper attempts to examine the reliability or acceptability of this summer monsoon proxy from non‐magnetic perspectives of soil‐forming processes. We chose nine sections along two transects: one across the western part of the Chinese Loess Plateau and another across the eastern part. Several conclusions can be drawn from our analytical data. First, clay translocation within the S1 palaeosol proﬁles, as indicated by ﬁeld‐observed clay coatings on ped faces in Bt and Bk horizons and demonstrated by laboratory‐analysed clay contents, must have moved some of the magnetic minerals downward so that the susceptibility reﬂects only the post‐translocation distribution of the magnetic‐susceptibility‐producing minerals. Second, the best‐developed palaeosol S1S3 at most of the sections studied is not expressed by the magnetic susceptibility because this palaeosol developed in underlying coarse loess (L2) and coarse textures tend to lower the susceptibility. Third, carbonate concentration is normally negatively correlated with the magnetic susceptibility or simply suppresses the magnetic susceptibility peak when the susceptibility enhancement exceeds the carbonate dilution effect. To conclude, extreme caution must be observed when using magnetic susceptibility signatures to retrieve high‐resolution records of the last interglacial palaeoclimate in the Chinese Loess Plateau. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Implicit schemes with large time step for non‐linear equations: application to river flow hydraulics
Authors: Burguete J. , García‐Navarro P. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractIn this work, first‐order upwind implicit schemes are considered. The traditional tridiagonal scheme is rewritten as a sum of two bidiagonal schemes in order to produce a simpler method better suited for unsteady transcritical flows. On the other hand, the origin of the instabilities associated to the use of upwind implicit methods for shock propagations is identified and a new stability condition for non‐linear problems is proposed. This modification produces a robust, simple and accurate upwind semi‐explicit scheme suitable for discontinuous flows with high Courant–Friedrichs–Lewy (CFL) numbers.The discretization at the boundaries is based on the condition of global mass conservation thus enabling a fully conservative solution for all kind of boundary conditions.The performance of the proposed technique will be shown in the solution of the inviscid Burgers' equation, in an ideal dambreak test case, in some steady open channel flow test cases with analytical solution and in a realistic flood routing problem, where stable and accurate solutions will be presented using CFL values up to 100. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Numerical simulation of heat, mass and momentum transport behaviours in directionally solidifying alloy castings under electromagnetic fields using an extended Direct‐SIMPLE scheme
Authors: Xu Daming , Bai Yunfeng , Guo Jingjie , Fu Hengzhi 
Published: September 2004

AbstractA Direct‐SIMPLE scheme is further extended for numerical simulations of heat and species mass transfer, and liquid flow behaviours in solidification processes of shaped alloy castings under various electromagnetic (EM) fields, based on a binary continuum model (a solidification transport phenomena/processes (STP)‐based dendrite solidification model). Unlike in a SIMPLE scheme, no iterative computations are needed to achieve the final pressure and velocity corrections in the extended Direct‐SIMPLE procedure, therefore extremely high computational efforts can be avoided. Using three different types of model alloys, pseudo‐binary In718 base‐4.85 wt% Nb, γ(TiAl)‐55 at% Al and Al‐4.5 wt% Cu systems, sample computations for solving strongly coupled solidification transport phenomena in directionally solidifying shaped castings under static and harmonic EM‐fields of different strengths are carried out, to demonstrate the feasibility and efficient calculation performance of the present model and numerical methods. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Transgenic expression of Cre recombinase from the tyrosine hydroxylase locus
Authors: Lindeberg Jonas , Usoskin Dmitry , Bengtsson Henrik , Gustafsson Anna , Kylberg Annika , Söderström Stine , Ebendal Ted 
Published: September 2004

AbstractCatecholaminergic neurons are affected in several neurological and psychiatric diseases. Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) is the first, rate‐limiting enzyme in catecholamine synthesis. We report a knockin mouse expressing Cre‐recombinase from the 3′‐untranslated region of the endogenous Th gene by means of an internal ribosomal entry sequence (IRES). The resulting Cre expression matches the normal pattern of TH expression, while the pattern and level of TH are not altered in the knockin mouse. Crossings with two different LacZ reporter mice demonstrated Cre‐mediated genomic recombination in TH expressing tissues. In addition, LacZ was found in some unexpected cell populations (including oocytes), indicating recombination due to transient developmental TH expression. Our novel knockin mouse can be used for generation of tissue‐specific or general knockouts (depending on scheme of crossing) in mice carrying genes flanked by loxP sites. This knockin mouse can also be used for tracing cell lineages expressing TH during development. genesis 40:67–73, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Inter‐tuff correlation and architecture within the Moor Cliffs Formation, Lower Old Red Sandstone, southwest Wales: a multi‐disciplinary approach for reservoir characterization
Authors: Love Sue E. , Gould Simon , Davies Sarah 
Published: September 2004

AbstractThe laterally continuous coastal exposures of the Moor Cliffs Formation of the Anglo‐Welsh Basin have allowed a highly detailed 2D reconstruction of the floodplain. Whole‐rock trace element geochemical and spectral gamma‐ray (SGR) correlation are combined with traditional sedimentological analysis allowing outcrop and subsurface techniques to be compared. Micaceous, quartz‐rich and well‐sorted fluvial channel sandstones form up to 10% of the thickness in this low net‐to‐gross succession. High Th/K ratios derived from SGR analysis distinguish sandstones from the surrounding fine‐grained sediments, but lateral facies variations prevent the correlation of fluvial channel intervals using SGR without outcrop control. Red‐brown micaceous siltstone and claystone constitute 65 to 95% of the outcrop thickness and contain abundant pedogenic features characteristic of modern Vertisols. The most mature Vertisol horizons and the non‐pedogenically altered siltstones/claystones do not show significant differences in their SGR response. Intraformational conglomerates comprising carbonate and siltstone clasts within a siltstone matrix are common above laterally extensive erosion surfaces, and can be clearly recognized from a sharp spike in Nb/Y and Zr/Y ratios. Major tuff horizons, which form chronostratigraphic marker horizons throughout the Moor Cliffs Formation, are also characterized by a distinctive geochemical signature, enabling calibration of the geochemical and sedimentological datasets. Geochemical and SGR analytical techniques are complementary and assist in enhancing the confidence of correlations created by traditional techniques in the Moor Cliffs Formation. Where multiple correlation scenarios have been interpreted due to a lack of diagnostic marker beds or biostratigraphic control, the SGR and geochemical data can increase confidence in a particular interpretation and hence decrease uncertainty in geological models of low net‐to‐gross systems in the subsurface. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Silurian and Lower Devonian plant assemblages from the Anglo‐Welsh Basin: a palaeobotanical and palynological synthesis
Authors: Edwards Dianne , Richardson John B. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractA comprehensive survey of plant assemblages from Upper Silurian (Gorstian–Přídolí) and Lower Devonian (Lochkovian–Pragian) localities in South Wales and the Welsh Borderland is presented, together with some comments on recent improvements in dating and correlation. Spore assemblages provide a stratigraphic framework for plant evolutionary studies and, along with microvertebrates, enable correlation from continental to marine rocks, i.e. near‐shore to shelf deposits. While it is recognized that the assemblages provide the most complete and extensive record of the history of vascular plants in a restricted geographical area during the time interval, it seems likely that major evolutionary innovation occurred elsewhere. The plants themselves display a number of types of fossilization. Particularly important are the pyrite permineralizations which have helped in the elucidation of the ultrastructure of tracheids in early vascular plants. Minute, coalified, relatively uncompressed fossils (mesofossils) from the Přídolí Lochkovian of the Welsh Borderland are hypothesized to be the products of wildfire, the earliest records to date. In addition to displaying often exquisite anatomical detail, the sporangia contain spores which have been linked to those in dispersed assemblages. Such relationships are helpful in the reconstruction of local and regional vegetation, even in the absence of meso‐ and megafossils. However, because these fossils are allochthonous and preserved in fluvial sediments, the habitats of the plants remain uncertain. A new hypothesis suggests that interfluvial areas, where calcretes are interpreted as relicts of vertisols and a seasonally dry climate, provided refugia in the Lower Devonian for the cryptospore‐producing plants which dominated Ordovician and Lower Silurian land vegetation, while vascular plants colonized areas in the immediate vicinity of rivers. Variation in regional vegetation is explored via comparisons of composition of spore assemblages in southern Britain and Scotland and timing of appearances of derived taxa, integrated with limited information on the spore producers. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fish trails from the Lower Old Red Sandstone of Tredomen Quarry, Powys, southeast Wales
Authors: Morrissey Lance B. , Braddy Simon J. , Bennett John P. , Marriott Susan B. , Tarrant Peter R. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractAlluvial deposits of the St Maughans Formation (Lower Old Red Sandstone, Early Devonian) of Tredomen Quarry, near Brecon, southeast Wales, have yielded the oldest known trails of swimming fish as well as body fossils of heterostracans and osteostracans, their inferred producers.Undichna unisulcacomprises a single sinusoidal wave (of varying amplitude and wavelength) and is attributed to the caudal lobe or fin of a swimming heterostracan or osteostracan. Variation in the dimensions ofU. unisulcatrails, together with functional analysis of their inferred producers, suggests different fish sizes and swimming speeds.Undichnacf.simplicitasshows a more complex arrangement of intertwined waves and is interpreted as being produced by a combination of the caudal fin, anal spine and paired pelvic spines of an acanthodian. A new ichnotaxon,Undichna trisulcataisp. nov., consists of three isolated furrows arranged in parallel with associated pectoral fin imprints, and is interpreted as either the trail left by a ‘cruising’ cephalaspid, intermittently pushing off the substrate with its pectoral fins, or a trail made by a cephalaspid landing on the substrate. The presence ofUndichnawithin these relatively proximal fluvial sediments (displaying no evidence of marine influence) is indicative of anin situvertebrate freshwater community. Taphonomic constraints onUndichnapreservation, in combination with sedimentological analysis, suggest weak bottom currents and/or rapid burial, post‐trail formation. Arthropod trackways (Diplichnites gouldiTypes A and B,Protichnitesisp., andPalmichnium pottsae), a bilobed trail (cf.Cruziana), worm burrows (cf.Cochlichnus) and large meniscate backfilled burrows (Beaconites barretti) contribute invertebrate components to this ichnofauna. The association ofDiplichnitestrackways on the same surfaces asUndichnasupports a semi‐aquatic habit of their inferred myriapod producers. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A supramodal limbic‐paralimbic‐neocortical network supports goal‐directed stimulus processing
Authors: Laurens Kristin R. , Kiehl Kent A. , Liddle Peter F. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractLimited processing resources are allocated preferentially to events that are relevant for behavior. Research using the novelty “oddball” paradigm suggests that a widespread network of limbic, paralimbic, and association areas supports the goal‐directed processing of task‐relevant target events. In that paradigm, greater activity in diverse brain areas is elicited by rare task‐relevant events that require a subsequent motor response than by rare task‐irrelevant novel events that require no response. Both stimulus infrequency (unexpectedness) and novelty, however, may contribute to the pattern of activity observed using that paradigm. The goal of the present study was to examine the supramodal neural activity elicited by regularly occurring, equiprobable, and non‐novel stimuli that differed in the subsequent behavior they prescribed. We employed event‐related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during auditory and visual versions of a Go/NoGo task. Participants made a motor response to the designated “Go” (target) stimulus, and no motor response to the equiprobable “NoGo” (nontarget) stimulus. We hypothesized that task‐relevant Go events would elicit relatively greater hemodynamic activity than would NoGo events throughout a network of limbic, paralimbic, and association areas. Indeed, Go events elicited greater activity than did NoGo events in the amygdala‐hippocampus, paralimbic cortex at the anterior superior temporal sulcus, insula, posterior orbitofrontal cortex, and anterior and posterior cingulate cortex, as well as in heteromodal association areas located at the temporoparietal junction, anterior intraparietal sulcus and precuneus, and premotor cortex. Paralimbic cortex offers an important site for the convergence of motivational/goal‐directed influences from limbic cortex with stimulus processing and response selection mediated within the frontoparietal areas. Hum Brain Mapp 24: 35–49, 2005. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Deriving welfare measures in discrete choice experiments: a comment to Lancsar and Savage (1)
Authors: Ryan Mandy 
Published: September 2004

AbstractLancsar and Savage argue that current methods of deriving welfare estimates, using discrete choice experiments, are inconsistent with random utility and welfare theory. In this paper I show that this not the case. The general formula proposed by Small and Rosen for estimating welfare, which Lancsar and Savage claim should be used, reduces to the method used by health economists for state of the world models. The important question then becomes when are state of the world models, as opposed to multiple alternative models, appropriate? Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prognostic implications of Fas‐ligand expression in nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Ho Sheng‐Yow , Guo How‐Ran , Chen Helen H. W. , Hsiao Jenn‐Ren , Jin Yin‐Tai , Tsai Sen‐Tien 
Published: September 2004

AbstractBackground.In nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), Fas‐ligand (Fas‐L)–mediated apoptosis might contribute to the immune privilege of tumors. In some cancers, dysregulation of Fas‐L protein in tumors might lead to disease progression. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the correlations between Fas‐L expression and the clinical outcomes in patients with NPC.Methods.We recruited 78 patients with primary NPC, classified clinical stages according to the 1997 American Joint Committee on Cancer staging system, and assessed Fas‐L with immunohistochemical methods.Results.Forty‐one (53%) of 78 patients were Fas‐L–positive. The prevalence was 0%, 57%, 58%, and 82% from stages I to IV, respectively (p < .001). Fas‐L expression was associated with the N classification (p = .05) but not the T classification. Patients with positive Fas‐L expression had a lower rate of disease‐free survival and overall survival (p = .01 for all log‐rank tests).Conclusion.Patients with NPC with Fas‐L–positive tumors had higher clinical stages and lymph node metastasis at diagnosis and poorer disease‐free survival and overall survival; therefore, Fas‐L expression may be a potential biomarker of prognosis. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 26: 977–983, 2004
Effects of cooperative and competitive incentives on agility, quality, and speed in an experimental setting
Authors: Yauch Charlene A. , Adkins Kristin 
Published: September 2004

AbstractInter‐ and intraorganizational cooperation have been identified as essential characteristics of agile manufacturing. For this research, agility was compared using two experimental treatments: cooperative versus competitive. Student teams performed a task and were confronted with random changes to simulate a dynamic environment. Although differences were not statistically significant, the results show that cooperative incentives do not result in greater agility. Speed also decreased with cooperative incentives but quality improved. The experiment provides a preliminary understanding of how competition, cooperation, and agility interrelate and suggest that intra‐organizational cooperation may not be the best means of achieving manufacturing agility. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Hum Factors Man 14: 403–413, 2004.
The concept of work compatibility: An integrated design criterion for improving workplace human performance in manufacturing systems
Authors: Abdallah S. , Genaidy A. , Salem O. , Karwowski W. , Shell R. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractIn this paper, we present the concept of work compatibility as an integrated work design criterion that simultaneously improves human health and safety, productivity, and work quality in manufacturing systems. In this respect, we have modeled work compatibility as a work design parameter that mathematically integrates the energizing (i.e., system resources) and the demand (i.e., system requirements) forces in the work system.A mathematical equation has been derived for the work compatibility matrix. Furthermore, an operating zone has been developed in which there is a region of optimality for the employee to function on practical grounds with a good degree of efficiency and sustainability. An application example is provided to demonstrate the potential of work compatibility to improve productivity and quality along with improvement in worker safety and health. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Hum Factors Man 14: 379–402, 2004.
The effects of organizational learning culture and job satisfaction on motivation to transfer learning and turnover intention
Authors: Egan Toby Marshall , Yang Baiyin , Bartlett Kenneth R. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractAlthough organizational learning theory and practice have been clarified by practitioners and scholars over the past several years, there is much to be explored regarding interactions between organizational learning culture and employee learning and performance outcomes. This study examined the relationship of organizational learning culture, job satisfaction, and organizational outcome variables with a sample of information technology (IT) employees in the United States. It found that learning organizational culture is associated with IT employee job satisfaction and motivation to transfer learning. Turnover intention was found to be negatively influenced by organizational learning culture and job satisfaction. Suggestions for future study of learning organizational culture in association with job satisfaction and performance‐related outcomes are discussed.
Decade of Behavior Distinguished Lecture: Development of physical aggression during infancy
Authors: Tremblay Richard E. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractViolence is a major public concern in our modern societies. To prevent this violence we need to understand how innocent children grow into violent adolescents and adults. It is generally believed that humans are most frequently physically aggressive during adolescence and early adulthood. With longitudinal studies of large samples of children from different countries that followed them from infancy to adulthood, scientists tried to discover at what age individuals learn how to physically aggress. These studies indicated that the peak age for physical aggression was not during early adulthood, adolescence, or even kindergarten, but rather between 24 and 42 months after birth. Although there are important individual differences in children's use of physical aggression, most of them will learn to use socially acceptable alternatives when angry or frustrated before they enter school. To prevent chronic physical aggression and its terrible consequences over the whole life course, modern societies should provide children with the optimal prenatal and postnatal environments.
Chromator, a novel and essential chromodomain protein interacts directly with the putative spindle matrix protein skeletor
Authors: Rath Uttama , Wang Dong , Ding Yun , Xu Ying‐Zhi , Qi Hongying , Blacketer Melissa J. , Girton Jack , Johansen Jørgen , Johansen Kristen M. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractWe have used a yeast two‐hybrid interaction assay to identify Chromator, a novel chromodomain containing protein that interacts directly with the putative spindle matrix protein Skeletor. Immunocytochemistry demonstrated that Chromator and Skeletor show extensive co‐localization throughout the cell cycle. During interphase Chromator is localized on chromosomes to interband chromatin regions in a pattern that overlaps that of Skeletor. However, during mitosis both Chromator and Skeletor detach from the chromosomes and align together in a spindle‐like structure. Deletion construct analysis in S2 cells showed that the COOH‐terminal half of Chromator without the chromodomain was sufficient for both nuclear as well as spindle localization. Analysis of P‐element mutations in the Chromator locus shows that Chromator is an essential protein. Furthermore, RNAi depletion of Chromator in S2 cells leads to abnormal microtubule spindle morphology and to chromosome segregation defects. These findings suggest that Chromator is a nuclear protein that plays a role in proper spindle dynamics during mitosis. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Diversity of antisense regulation in eukaryotes: Multiple mechanisms, emerging patterns
Authors: Munroe Stephen H. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractHigh‐throughput analysis of RNA molecules in multicellular eukaryotes has revealed an abundance of complementary antisense RNAs that are transcribed from separate or overlapping genes. In mammals these include many novel non‐coding RNAs of unknown function. This unexpected complexity of the mammalian transcriptome suggests that expression of many genes is regulated post‐transcriptionally by mechanisms mediated by RNA–RNA base pairing. The recent discovery of the widespread expression of microRNAs in animals and plants provides a prototypic example of such regulation in eukaryotes. However, there are likely to be numerous other types of antisense regulation in eukaryotes, many as yet uncharacterized. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.