bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
O6‐methylguanine‐DNA methyltranspherase gene expression in gliomas by means of real‐time quantitative RT‐PCR and clinical response to nitrosoureas
Authors: Tanaka Satoshi , Kobayashi Ikuo , Utsuki Satoshi , Oka Hidehiro , Fujii Kiyotaka , Watanabe Takashi , Nagashima Tadashi , Hori Tomokatsu 
Published: December 2002

AbstractO6‐methylguanine‐DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) mRNA expressions were examined in 100 neuroepithelial tumors by real‐time quantitative reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) using SYBR Green I. The mean relative quantitation value of MGMTmRNA normalized to the level of β2‐microglobulin for 100 tumors was 5.3 ± 11.2. The mean value of 41 glioblastomas was significantly higher than that for the other 59 tumors (p = 0.0008 by Student's t‐test). In contrast, the means of 19 low‐grade gliomas and 12 medulloblastomas were significantly lower than that of other tumors (p = 0.0282 and p = 0.0456 by Student's t‐test). Among the 55 retrospective patients who had been treated with 1‐(4‐amino‐2‐methyl‐5‐pyrimidynyl)methyl‐3‐(2‐chloroethyl)‐ 3‐nitrosourea hydrochloride (ACNU), the value was a significant independent predictor of the effect of initial therapy with ACNU (p = 0.0007 by Mann‐Whitney U‐test) and the survival period (p = 0.0175 by Wald test). The value ≧1 was the most significant factor in predicting the initial effect of treatment by multi‐variant regression analysis (p < 0.0001). These results suggest that our individual adjuvant therapy based on MGMTmRNA expression may be improved by the application of real‐time quantitative RT‐PCR. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Role of XIAP in the malignant phenotype of transitional cell cancer (TCC) and therapeutic activity of XIAP antisense oligonucleotides against multidrug‐resistant TCC in vitro
Authors: Bilim Vladimir , Kasahara Takashi , Hara Noboru , Takahashi Kota , Tomita Yoshihiko 
Published: December 2002

AbstractXIAP directly inhibits executor caspases, making it the most downstream antiapoptotic molecule. Here, we examined the expression and function of XIAP in normal urothelium and TCC. We also examined the therapeutic effect of xiap AS PODN on the cell cycle and apoptosis of multidrug‐resistant T24 bladder cancer cells. XIAP was moderately expressed in normal transitional epithelium with prominent expression on the superficial layer cells. Seventy‐nine of 108 (73.15%) tumor samples were positive for XIAP protein, but XIAP positivity was not correlated with tumor stage or grade. Moreover, 4 bladder cancer cell lines (SCaBER, HT1376, T24 and RT4) expressed similar levels of XIAP. xiap AS PODN dose‐dependently reduced the XIAP protein level and induced apoptosis, leading to decreased cell viability by 87%. Combined administration with doxorubicin resulted in marked cytotoxicity due to escalation of apoptosis. Overexpression of XIAP in T24 cells resulted in a modest but statistically significant (p < 0.01) survival advantage compared to parental cells. Thus, XIAP expression may be critical for maintaining the viability and drug resistance of TCC, and endogenous XIAP levels are sufficient to protect cells from apoptosis. Our results suggest that XIAP may play an important role early in human TCC carcinogenesis. xiap AS may be a candidate for use as a cancer therapy for overcoming drug resistance in highly malignant TCC. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The prognostic impact of cytokeratin‐positive cells in bone marrow of patients with localized prostate cancer
Authors: Lilleby Wolfgang , Nesland Jahn M. , Fosså Sophie D. , Torlakovic Goran , Waehre Håkon , Kvalheim Gunnar 
Published: December 2002

AbstractOur study evaluates the prognostic significance of the cytokeratin‐positive mononuclear cells (CK+ cells) in the bone marrow (BM) and peripheral blood (PB) as detected by immunocytochemistry in patients with locoregionally confined prostate cancer. BM and PB samples were obtained from 66 newly diagnosed patients with T1‐4pN0M0 prostate cancer. All samples were analyzed by standardized immunocytochemical methods (anticytokeratin mononuclear antibody; AE1/AE3) applying a negative immunomagnetic cell enrichment technique. A second sampling was obtained in 60 of the 66 patients ≥2 years after definitive radiotherapy. The median follow‐up after high‐dose radiotherapy of the patients was 65 months. For the analysis of the postradiotherapy clinical progression‐free survival (PFS) treatment, failure was defined as pelvic tumor growth or development of distant metastases. At diagnosis CK+ cells were found in BM in 14 of 66 (21%) prostate cancer patients. This was not associated with an increased risk of progression. On the other hand, the presence of CK+ cells in 12 of 60 (20%) patients at the second BM aspiration was significantly related to a shorterPFS (p = 0.02). In the multivariate analysis, the presence of CK+ cells in the posttreatment BM did not remain as an independent variable of PFS assessment if posttreatment PSA was entered into the analysis. CK+ cells in PB were found in 12% of the patients. After therapy, none of the patients had detectable CK+ cells in PB. The presence of CK+ cells in the posttreatment but not in the pretreatment BM was associated with decreased PFS in patients irradiated for pelvis‐confined nonmetastatic prostate cancer. Although this association was not retained in multivariate analysis, our observations indicate that the presence of CK+ cells after local therapy define a group of patients that have a high risk of developing distant metastases. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cognate interactions between memory T cells and tumor antigen‐presenting dendritic cells from bone marrow of breast cancer patients: Bidirectional cell stimulation, survival and antitumor activity in vivo
Authors: Bai Lianhua , Beckhove Philipp , Feuerer Markus , Umansky Viktor , Choi Carmen , Solomayer Florian Schütz Erich‐Franz , Diel Ingo J. , Schirrmacher Volker 
Published: December 2002

AbstractDendritic cells (DC) and T cells were generated from Ficoll separated bone marrow (BM) mononuclear cells of primary operated breast cancer patients according to new cell culture protocols. BM‐DC were capable of functioning as professional antigen‐presenting cells (APCs) and of inducing autologous antigen‐specific memory T‐cell responses to either tetanus toxoid recall antigen or to breast cancer antigens. Treatment with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) resulted in phenotypic and functional maturation of BM‐DC. When BM‐DC, pulsed with breast cancer‐associated tumor antigens, were cocultured with autologous patient‐derived BM‐T cells to allow for cognate breast cancer antigen recognition and stimulation, apoptosis of T cells—which occurred in noncognate coculture systems—was inhibited. Furthermore, in cocultures allowing for antigen‐specific cognate interactions, the expression on BM‐DC of CD83, MHC class II, CD40 and CD86 molecules was upregulated and the cytokines IL‐12 and IFN‐α were produced in significantly elevated amounts. Adoptive transfer of breast cancer‐reactive memory T cells together with APCs into human breast cancer‐bearing NOD/SCID mice caused a regression of the tumor and prolonged survival of the animals. This was not the case when such animals had been treated by transfer of reactivated BM T cells without BM‐DCs. Our findings suggest that cognate interactions between cancer patient‐derived memory BM‐T cells and tumor antigen‐presenting BM‐DCs are important for reciprocal cell stimulation, survival and therapeutic activity. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An association of Bcl‐2 phosphorylation and Bax localization with their functions after hyperthermia and paclitaxel treatment
Authors: Salah‐eldin Alaa‐eldin , Inoue Shoichi , Tsukamoto Shigeki , Aoi Hiromi , Tsuda Masumi 
Published: December 2002

AbstractApoptosis is induced by many kinds of therapy‐related inducers, such as hyperthermia and chemotherapeutic agents. However, differences in apoptotic pathways between these inducers remain unclear, although knowing the differences is important to map out a therapeutic strategy. Therefore, we focused on the localization and phosphorylation of Bcl‐2 and Bax, key mediators of the apoptotic pathway, after hyperthermia and paclitaxel treatment of PC‐10 squamous cell carcinoma cells that excessively expressed Bcl‐2 and Bax in the cytoplasm. Paclitaxel treatment markedly induced qualitative changes in Bcl‐2, whereas hyperthermia did only quantitative changes in Bax. The levels of Bax increased gradually with the duration of hyperthermia, whereas Bcl‐2 levels slightly decreased. On the other hand, paclitaxel treatment induced dose‐ and time‐dependent phosphorylation of Bcl‐2. Interestingly, phosphorylated Bcl‐2 was observed in the specific subcellular sites, mitochondria‐ and lysosome‐rich fractions. Both treatments disturbed the heterodimerization of Bax with Bcl‐2. Hyperthermia, but not paclitaxel treatment, induced a gradual Bax translocation from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. Although both treatments induced a prominent cell cycle disturbance in the G2M phase, paclitaxel treatment induced typical apoptosis, and hyperthermia hardly induced apoptosis. Our results suggest that the subcellular redistribution of Bax and the phosphorylation of Bcl‐2 depend on the type of apoptosis inducers, such as hyperthermia and paclitaxel, and Bcl‐2 has a central role in the decision of apoptotic outcome. Our data may afford new insights in apoptosis from the aspect of an association of Bcl‐2 phosphorylation with intracellular Bax localization. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon‐inducible DNA adducts: Evidence by 32P‐postlabeling and use of knockout mice for Ah receptor‐independent mechanisms of metabolic activation in vivo
Authors: Kondraganti Sudha R. , Fernandez‐Salguero Pedro , Gonzalez Frank J. , Ramos Kenneth S. , Jiang Weiwu , Moorthy Bhagavatula 
Published: December 2002

AbstractThere is significant human exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), many of which are potent carcinogens in laboratory animals and are suspected human carcinogens. The PAHs are bioactivated by cytochrome P450 (CYP)1A1/1B1 enzymes to reactive intermediates that bind to DNA, a critical step in the initiation of carcinogenesis. The Ah receptor (AHR) plays a critical role in the induction of CYP1 enzymes (i.e., CYP1A1, 1A2 and 1B1) by PAHs such as benzo[a]pyrene (BP) and 3‐methylcholanthrene (MC). In our investigation, we tested the hypothesis that AHR‐null animals are less susceptible to PAH‐induced DNA adduct formation than wild‐type animals. Wild‐type [AHR (+/+)] mice or mice lacking the gene for the AHR were treated with a single dose (100 μmol/kg) of BP or MC, and hepatic DNA adducts were analyzed by 32P‐postlabeling. BP induced multiple hepatic DNA adducts in wild‐type as well as AHR‐null animals, suggesting the existence of AHR‐independent mechanisms for BP metabolic activation. On the other hand, DNA adduct formation was markedly suppressed in AHR‐null animals exposed to MC, although the major MC‐DNA adduct was produced in these animals. Hepatic activities and apoprotein contents of 7‐ethoxyresorufin O‐deethylase (EROD) (CYP1A1) and 7‐methoxyresorufin O‐demethylase (MROD) (CYP1A2) activities were markedly induced by BP and MC in the wild‐type, but not, in AHR‐null animals. CYP1B1 expression was also induced, albeit to a lesser extent by the PAH MC, but not BP, in the wild‐type animals. In conclusion, these results demonstrate the existence of AHR‐ and CYP1A1‐independent mechanisms of PAH metabolic activation in mouse liver, a phenomenon that may have important implications for PAH‐mediated carcinogenesis. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Vitamin and carotenoid intake and risk of squamous cell carcinoma of the skin
Authors: Fung Teresa T. , Spiegelman Donna , Egan Kathleen M. , Giovannucci Edward , Hunter David J. , Willett Walter C. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractOur objective was to examine prospectively the intake of vitamins A (including retinol and total vitamin A), C and E; folate; total carotene; and several individual carotenoids (α‐carotene, β‐carotene, β‐cryptoxanthin and lutein/zeaxanthin) in relation to incidence of SCC of the skin in 2 large cohorts of men and women. We used a prospective cohort study design with up to 14 years of follow‐up in women and 10 years in men. Diet was measured with FFQs every 2–4 years; cases of SCC of the skin were ascertained on biennial questionnaires and confirmed by medical records. Participants were female nurses and male health professionals, from the Nurses' Healthy Study and the Health Professionals Follow‐up Study in the United States, without a history of any cancer in 1982 (n = 85,944 women) and 1986 (n = 43,867 men). Follow‐up response was achieved for over 90% of potential person‐years. Relative risks and 95% confidence intervals for development of SCC of the skin are reported. We recorded 369 cases of SCC in women and 305 cases in men. After multivariate adjustment for various known behavioral, sun‐exposure and sun‐sensitivity risk factors for SCC, there were no significant inverse associations between these dietary factors and SCC incidence. No evidence was found that vitamins A, C and E; folate; or carotenoids play an important protective role against incident SCC. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pharmacology of protoporphyrin IX in nude mice after application of ALA and ALA esters
Authors: Moan Johan , Ma Li‐Wei , Juzeniene Asta , Iani Vladimir , Juzenas Petras , Apricena Fabio , Peng Qian 
Published: December 2002

AbstractAminolevulinic acid (ALA), ALA methylester (ALA‐Me) and ALA hexylester (ALA‐Hex) were topically applied for 5 and 20 hr, respectively, on normal skin of mice. The distribution of protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) induced in 7 different tissues by these drugs was determined either by spectrofluorometric measurements with an optical fibre probe or by chemical extraction of PpIX from the tissues. The results from these 2 types of measurements were compared. Both methods showed that ALA and the esters induced similar amounts of PpIX at the skin spot where they were applied and that the esters produced much less PpIX at remote skin spots (i.e., spots outside the location where the drugs were applied) than ALA did, notably after 20 hr application. After 20 hr of drug application ALA produced much more PpIX in liver, intestine and lungs than the esters did. In contrast with the direct fluorescence measurements, the extraction method showed detectable amounts of PpIX in liver, intestine and lung after application of the esters, notably of ALA‐Me. The discrepancy is probably related to the fact that the pigmented tissues absorb light and, therefore, the direct fluorescence readings are misleading. Notably in the liver, which contains high concentration of light‐absorbing pigments, very weak direct fluorescence was seen. In no case there was any accumulation of PpIX in muscle tissue nor in brain. The esters seem to penetrate less into the circulation than ALA, and PpIX formed by them in the skin is faster cleared than PpIX formed from ALA. This is also true after oral and i.p. administration of the drugs. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
SULT1A1 polymorphism and esophageal cancer in males
Authors: Wu Ming‐Tsang , Wang Yi‐Ting , Ho Chi‐Kung , Wu Deng‐Chyang , Lee Yung‐Chie , Hsu Hon‐Ki , Kao Ein‐Long , Lee Jang‐Ming 
Published: December 2002

AbstractSulfotransferase (SULT) 1A1 detoxifies and bioactivates a broad spectrum of substrates including xenobiotics. It has been suggested that the SULT1A1 his (histidine) allele, which is caused by a his for arg (arginine) substitution due to a G→A transition at codon 213, carries a significantly higher risk for women to develop breast cancer. We investigated the association between the SULT1A1 arg/his genotype and esophageal cancer in men, 187 cases of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and 308 controls from 3 medical centers in Taiwan. Cigarette smoking, areca chewing and alcohol consumption were the major risks for developing esophageal cancer. The frequencies of arg/his in cases and controls were 27.8% (52/187) and 11.0% (34/308), respectively (p < 0.0001). No subjects carried his/his. After adjusting for substance use and other covariates, individuals with arg/his had a 3.53‐fold higher risk (95% CI = 2.12–5.87) of developing esophageal cancer than those with arg/arg. Unexpectedly, this positive association was found to be even stronger (adjusted OR = 4.04–4.80) among non‐smokers, non‐drinkers or non‐chewers. Our findings suggest that the SULT1A1 his213 allele is important in the development of esophageal cancer in men. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
On the field patterns of the TE modes in antipodal ridge waveguide by finite element method
Authors: Lu Mai , Leonard Paul J. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractIn this paper, the field patterns of the TE modes in antipodal ridge waveguide (ARW) and double antipodal ridge waveguide (DARW) are presented by finite element method. The figures in this paper are useful in the design of antipodal waveguide components for wideband microwave transmission. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 36: 79–82, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10679
Broadband characteristics of a parallel diode linearized amplifier
Authors: Mok Ka Tsun , Chan Wing Shing , Leung Chun Kai , Yu Chi Sun , Li Chung Wai 
Published: December 2002

AbstractA compact broadband linearized amplifier, using a parallel‐configured diode connected directly to the base of the transistor, is proposed. It has shown a reduction in spectral re‐growth of 8–20 dB for the first sidelobe in the frequency range of 0.8–2 GHz. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 36: 82–83, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10680
Performance analysis of Comb filters based on sampled fiber Bragg gratings
Authors: Sun Junqiang 
Published: December 2002

AbstractReflection performances of sampled Bragg gratings are simulated using the piecewise‐uniform method. The identical characteristics of reflection spectrum are emphasized in terms of the linewidth and reflectivity. A perfect comb filter with identical channel linewidth and uniform reflectivity is demonstrated, employing the sinc‐sampled grating. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 36: 84–87, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10681
A phase‐shifting frequency discriminator employing dielectric resonator
Authors: Yuksel Emine Yesim , Wong Thomas T. Y. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractA planar circuit realization of a frequency discriminator based on single‐mode operation of the dielectric resonator is presented. Drawing on the phase‐shifting action of the dielectric resonator, the discriminator function can be achieved with one detector diode, thus adding to the simplicity of the design. It is demonstrated with measurements on the performance of discriminators implemented with dielectric resonators having different temperature coefficients that effective frequency stabilization by thermal compensation for the substrate material can be facilitated by the additional degree of freedom brought about by the dielectric resonator. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 36: 87–89, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10682
Injection locking of an erbium‐doped fiber laser‐amplifier
Authors: Teyo T. C. , Shah N. S. M. , Ahmad H. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractInjection locking of an erbium‐doped fiber laser‐amplifier is presented. Inside the locking range, the system oscillates at the wavelength of the injected signal. Outside the locking range, both signal and laser oscillate simultaneously in the cavity. Signal detuning studies show that the locking range increases with higher input signal power. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 36: 89–91, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10683
The fractal Hilbert monopole: A two‐dimensional wire
Authors: Anguera Jaume , Puente Carles , Martínez Enrique , Rozan Edouard 
Published: December 2002

AbstractA novel miniature antenna based on the fractal Hilbert geometry is presented. The antenna becomes electrically smaller as the fractal iteration increases at a higher rate than that of any other fractal geometry presented until now. Several fractal‐shaped Hilbert monopoles have been constructed, measured, and compared with the classical λ/4 monopole. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 36: 102–104, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10687
Longitudinal coupled‐cavity scheme for microwave‐excited CO2 slab lasers
Authors: Shahadi A. , Sintov Y. , Jerby E. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractA new microwave‐excited CO2 slab‐laser scheme is demonstrated in a slow gas‐flow laser experiment. The gas‐discharge axial homogeneity is improved by an H‐plane coupling of a rectangular resonator operating in the fundamental mode to a shorter slab laser‐head resonator, below the cutoff. This paper describes the conceptual experimental and practical aspects of the microwave‐excited laser. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 36: 115–120, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10692
Analysis of a bilateral distributed amplifier using scattering parameters
Authors: Moussa Mehdi Si , Trabelsi Mohamed , Aksas Rabia 
Published: December 2002

AbstractA formulation for the bilateral distributed amplifier network using a normalized transmission matrix approach is proposed in this letter. The analysis takes into consideration the effect of Cgd in the active device. Our approach is compared to the theoretical predictions for the unilateral case and measured results. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 36: 120–122, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10693
Resonance absorption in single and cascaded lossy waveguide‐dielectric resonators
Authors: Minakova Lyudmila B. , Rud Leonid A. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractAn approximate theory of lossy waveguide‐dielectric resonators (WDRs) is developed. The theory is based on a search for the resonator's natural oscillations providing the required ratio between the radiation and intrinsic Q factors. This allows us to predict and control the level of absorbed power by changing the oscillation coupling or loss coefficient. The theory's limitations and validity are verified by a comparison with the exact numerical results obtained for the resonators, which are formed by rectangular dielectric posts and partially filled H‐plane stubs in a rectangular waveguide. Potential applications of the developed theory for the design of narrowband absorption filters are demonstrated. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 36: 122–126, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10694
A tuning slot modified dual‐mode bandpass filter on Al2O3 substrate
Authors: Yang Cheng‐Fu , Tzou Wen‐Cheng , Chen Ying‐Chung , Lee Tsung‐Hsien , Cheng Ping‐Shou 
Published: December 2002

AbstractOne planar dual‐mode bandpass filter with circle‐type patch and square slot is simulated, fabricated, and measured using an Al2O3 substrate. The circle‐type patch and microstrip lines are fabricated through copper evaporation. The square slot is used to shift the resonant frequency, and the resonant frequency is shifted to lower frequency as slot size increases. Our measured results show that square‐slot‐modified dual‐mode bandpass filters present a number of attractive features for practical application. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 36: 126–129, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10695