bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electrochemical [3+2] Cycloaddition Proceeding at Low Electrolyte Concentration in Laminar‐Flow Microreactor
Authors: Okamoto Kazuhiro , Shida Naoki , Atobe Mahito 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe electrochemical [3+2] cycloaddition of phenols and alkenes in a laminar‐flow microreactor was realized at an unprecedentedly low electrolyte concentration (0.001–0.01 M) owing to low solution resistance derived from the narrow electrode distance. An overoxidation of the resulting cycloadducts (dihydrobenzofuran derivatives) was avoided through the optimization of the reactor configuration, and nine of dihydrobenzofuran derivatives are successfully synthesized in our system without any oxidant. Furthermore, simple scale‐up was enabled by using parallel stacked flow cell system.
An Offset Patterned Cross‐β Structure in Assemblies of C3‐Symmetric Peptide Amphiphiles
Authors: Zagorodko Oleksandr , Melnyk Tetiana , Nebot Vicent J. , Dankers Patricia Y. W. , Vicent María J. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractDeveloping peptide‐based materials with controlled morphology is a critical theme of soft matter research. Herein, we report the formation of a novel, patterned cross‐β structure formed by self‐assembled C3‐symmetric peptide amphiphiles based on diphenylalanine and benzene‐1,3,5‐tricarboxamide (BTA). The cross‐β motif is an abundant structural element in amyloid fibrils and aggregates of fibril‐forming peptides, including diphenylalanine. The incorporation of topological constraints on one edge of the diphenylalanine fragment limits the number of β‐strands in β‐sheets and leads to the creation of an unconventional offset‐patterned cross‐β structure consisting of short 3×2 parallel β‐sheets stabilized by phenylalanine zippers. In the reported assembly, two patterned cross‐β structures bind parallel arrays of BTA stacks in a superstructure within a single‐molecule‐thick nanoribbon. In addition to a threefold network of hydrogen bonds in the BTA stack, each molecule becomes simultaneously bound by hydrogen bonds from three β‐sheets and four phenylalanine zippers. The diffuse layer of alkyl chains with terminal polar groups prevents the nanoribbons from merging and stabilizes cross‐β‐structure in water. Our results provide a simple approach to the incorporation of novel patterned cross‐β motifs into supramolecular superstructures and shed light on the general mechanism of β‐sheet formation in C3‐symmetric peptide amphiphiles.
The impact of sustainability governance attributes on comprehensive CSR reporting: A developing country setting
Authors: Ali Waris , Mahmood Zeeshan , Wilson Jeffrey , Ismail Hina 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis research examines the influence of sustainability governance attributes such as the sustainability department, sustainability committee, sustainability officer, sustainability policy, sustainability strategy, and sustainability assurance on comprehensive CSR reporting. Content analysis of corporate annual reports and sustainability reports of 280 non‐financial listed companies in Pakistan was used to determine comprehensive CSR reporting score and to capture sustainability governance attributes. Multivariate regression analysis technique was used to test the relationships. The results revealed that all the sustainability governance mechanisms except the sustainability officer and the sustainability department positively influenced comprehensive CSR reporting. This study highlights the usefulness of implementing sustainability governance mechanisms in promoting comprehensive reporting in developing countries and sets implications for shaping future CSR‐related policies and practices. This research extends the literature on the importance of internal corporate governance mechanisms in driving sustainability reporting agenda by providing empirical evidence in favor of sustainability governance mechanisms in improving comprehensive reporting in developing countries.
High‐throughput Compositional Screening of PdxTi1‐xHy and PdxNb1‐xHy Hydrides for CO2 Reduction**
Authors: Ai Changzhi , Chang Jin Hyun , Tygesen Alexander Sougaard , Vegge Tejs , Hansen Heine Anton 
Published: November 2023

AbstractElectrochemical experiments and theoretical calculations have shown that Pd‐based metal hydrides can perform well for the CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR). Our previous work on doped‐PdH showed that doping Ti and Nb into PdH can improve the CO2RR activity, suggesting that the Pd alloy hydrides with better performance are likely to be found in the PdxTi1‐xHy and PdxNb1‐xHy phase space. However, the vast compositional and structural space with different alloy hydride compositions and surface adsorbates, makes it intractable to screen out the stable and active PdxM1‐xHy catalysts using density functional theory calculations. Herein, an active learning cluster expansion (ALCE) surrogate model equipped with Monte Carlo simulated annealing (MCSA), a CO* binding energy filter and a kinetic model are used to identify promising PdxTi1‐xHy and PdxNb1‐xHy catalysts with high stability and superior activity. Using our approach, we identify 24 stable and active candidates of PdxTi1‐xHy and 5 active candidates of PdxNb1‐xHy. Among these candidates, the Pd0.23Ti0.77H, Pd0.19Ti0.81H0.94, and Pd0.17Nb0.83H0.25 are predicted to display current densities of approximately 5.1, 5.1 and 4.6 μA cm−2 at −0.5 V overpotential, respectively, which are significantly higher than that of PdH at 3.7 μA cm−2.
Chances and challenges in intranasal administration delivery for brain disease treatment
Authors: Zheng Shuyu , Guo Yuanyuan , Yan Furong , Yan Feng , Qi Ruogu , Shen Jianliang 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn order to overcome the formidable challenges posed by the intricate physiological barriers of the brain, the employment of intranasal administration (INA) has emerged as an unconventional method for drug delivery, offering distinct advantages such as non‐invasiveness and enhanced pharmacokinetic characteristics within the brain. Primarily exploiting the distinct conduit offered by the olfactory and/or trigeminal nerve systems, the INA route effectively delivers therapeutic agents. With introducing appropriate improvements to the drug formulation, such as the incorporation of nanocarriers, the efficacious delivery via the INA approach has gained considerable traction for the treatment of neurological disorders. This concise review highlights the notable progress in INA delivery and explores the potential therapeutic modalities inherent in this promising paradigm.
Changes in crop trait plasticity with domestication history: Management practices matter
Authors: Nimmo Victoria , Violle Cyrille , Entz Martin , Rolhauser Andres G. , Isaac Marney E. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractCrop domestication has led to the development of distinct trait syndromes, a series of constrained plant trait trade‐offs to maximize yield in high‐input agricultural environments, and potentially constrained trait plasticity. Yet, with the ongoing transition to organic and diversified agroecosystems, which create more heterogeneous nutrient availability, this constrained plasticity, especially in root functional traits, may be undesirable for nutrient acquisition. Such agricultural systems require a nuanced understanding of the soil‐crop continuum under organic amendments and with intercropping, and the role crop genetic resources play in governing nutrient management and design. In this study, we use a functional traits lens to determine if crops with a range of domestication histories express different functional trait plasticity and how this expression changes with soil amendments and intercropping. We utilize a common garden experiment including five wheat (Triticum aestivum) varietals with a range of domestication histories planted in a factorial combination with amendment type (organic and inorganic) and cropping design (monoculture or intercropped with soybean). We use bivariate, multivariate and trait space analyses to quantify trait variation and plasticity in five leaf and five root functional traits. Almost all leaf and root traits varied among varieties. Yet, amendment type was nearly inconsequential for explaining trait expression across varieties. However, intercropping was linked to significant differences in root acquisitive strategies, regardless of the varietals' distinct history. Our findings show substantial leaf and root trait plasticity, with roots expressing greater trait space occupation with domestication, but also the strong role of management in crop trait expression. We underscore the utility of a functional trait‐based approach to understand plant–soil dynamics with organic amendments, as well as the role of crop genetic histories in the successful transition to low‐input and diversified agroecosystems.
Dynamic changes in Wolbachia infection over a single generation of Drosophila suzukii, across a wide range of resource availability
Authors: McPherson Audrey E. , Abram Paul K. , Curtis Caitlin I. , Wannop Erik R. , Dudzic Jan P. , Perlman Steve J. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWolbachia bacteria are maternally inherited symbionts that commonly infect terrestrial arthropods. Many Wolbachia reach high frequencies in their hosts by manipulating their reproduction, for example by causing reproductive incompatibilities between infected male and uninfected female hosts. However, not all strains manipulate reproduction, and a key unresolved question is how these non‐manipulative Wolbachia persist in their hosts, often at intermediate to high frequencies. One such strain, wSuz, infects the invasive fruit pest Drosophila suzukii, spotted‐wing drosophila. Here, we tested the hypothesis that wSuz infection provides a competitive benefit when resources are limited. Over the course of one season, we established population cages with varying amounts of food in a semi‐field setting and seeded them with a 50:50 mixture of flies with and without Wolbachia. We predicted that Wolbachia‐infected individuals should have higher survival and faster development than their uninfected counterparts when there was little available food. We found that while food availability strongly impacted fly fitness, there was no difference in development times or survival between Wolbachia‐infected and uninfected flies. Interestingly, however, Wolbachia infection frequencies changed dramatically, with infections either increasing or decreasing by as much as 30% in a single generation, suggesting the possibility of unidentified factors shaping Wolbachia infection over the course of the season.
Multimodal characterization of dilated cardiomyopathy: Geno‐ And Phenotyping of PrImary Cardiomyopathy (GrAPHIC)
Authors: Keil Laura , Berisha Filip , Ritter Stella , Skibowski Johanna , Subramanian Hariharan , Nikolaev Viacheslav O. , Kubisch Christian , Woitschach Rixa , Fabritz Larissa , Twerenbold Raphael , Blankenberg Stefan , Weidemann Sören , Zeller Tanja , Kirchhof Paulus , Reichart Daniel , Magnussen Christina 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAimsCardiomyopathies (CMPs) are a heterogeneous group of diseases that are defined by structural and functional abnormalities of the cardiac muscle. Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), the most common CMP, is defined by left ventricular dilation and impaired contractility and represents a common cause of heart failure. Different phenotypes result from various underlying genetic and acquired causes with variable effects on disease development and progression, prognosis, and response to medical treatment. Current treatment algorithms do not consider these different aetiologies, due to lack of insights into treatable drivers of cardiac failure in patients with DCM. Our study aims to precisely phenotype and genotype the various subtypes of DCM and hereby lay the foundation for individualized therapy.Methods and resultsThe Geno‐ And Phenotyping of PrImary Cardiomyopathy (GrAPHIC) is a currently ongoing prospective observational monocentric cohort study that recruits patients with DCM after exclusion of other causes such as coronary artery disease, valvular dysfunction, myocarditis, exposure to toxins, and peripartum CMP. Patients are enrolled at our heart failure outpatient clinic or during hospitalization at the University Hospital Hamburg. Clinical parameters, multimodal imaging and functional assessment, cardiac biopsies, and blood samples are obtained to enable an integrated genomic, functional, and biomarker analysis.ConclusionsThe GrAPHIC will contribute to a better understanding of the heterogeneous nature of primary CMPs focusing on DCM and provide improved prognostic approaches and more individualized therapies.
In‐situ electrochemical reconstruction of CoCO3@FeOOH for boosting high‐current‐density oxygen evolution reaction and freestanding Zn‐air battery
Authors: Jiao Chuanlai , Xu Zian , Xia Yu , Chen Shaoqing , Wang Hsing‐Lin 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe activity of electrocatalysts in the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is crucial for the widespread applications of water electrolysis and zinc‐air batteries. Iron‐cobalt‐based catalysts attract considerably interests due to their high intrinsic activity and stability. However, it is still challenging in further promoting the OER efficiency at the high current density (500 mA cm−2) and understanding the real active sites during the OER process. In this work, the composite catalyst, cobalt carbonate (CoCO3) and iron oxyhydroxide (FeOOH), were successfully synthesized on the carbon cloth (CoCO3@FeOOH/CC) by a facile hydrothermal method. Through in‐situ electrochemical activation, the CoFe2O4/CoFeOOH catalyst (R−CoCO3@FeOOH/CC) exhibits significantly improved OER overpotential, 190 and 238 mV at the current density of 50 and 500 mA cm−2. By the in‐situ Raman spectroscopy analysis and microscopy observations, the reconstructed structure CoFe2O4/CoFeOOH was identified. Based on the highly active OER performance of R−CoCO3@FeOOH/CC, it enables the continuous operation of freestanding ZABs at the ultralow charge voltage of 1.74 V in 5 mA cm−2. These findings offer valuable insights for the design and application of high‐performance iron‐cobalt‐based OER catalysts.
Facile synthesize of composite for pollutant removal of lead and methylene blue (MB)
Authors: Syed Noureen , Feng Yongqiang , Mahar Faraz Khan , Fahad Raja , Abro Zamir Ahmed , Huang Jianfeng 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWater contamination caused by inconsistencies in the removal of contemporary colors and heavy metals constitutes a serious global ecological concern. This study introduces a composite material made of cellulose acetate coated with activated carbon, which is made more effective by including pectic enzymes. This composite is easily manufactured and has caused considerable interest due to its potential in wastewater treatment via absorption‐based techniques for the photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue dye and lead removal. Thermal processing and electrospinning are used in the synthesis process. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM), Energy Dispersive Xray‐ Analysis (EDX), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), and UV‐absorbency were used to characterize the resultant pectic cellulose/activated carbon nanofibers (P‐CNFs). In addition, inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectroscopy (ICP‐MS) was used to evaluate lead ion adsorption. Several parameters, including initial lead ion and methylene blue concentrations, solution pH, and nanofiber, were investigated. Fifty percent of pectic‐containing composite (cellulose/activated carbon) P‐CNF has shown remarkable differences when compared to non‐pectic and different ratio composite due to higher surface area and porosity. It also increases light absorption and decreases charge recombination, resulting in a maximum degradation efficiency of 98.5% in a neutral solution under UV‐light irradiation for 25 min, compared to pure CNF (degradation efficiency is 49% after 60 min of irradiation). In the case of lead removal, 80% efficiency was achieved in 5 min.
An approach to improve the efficiency of cooling enhancement of a thermoelectric refrigerator through the use of phase‐change materials
Authors: Chen Xin , Zhang Ruo‐ji 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn this study, a technique is suggested to enhance the temperature difference for cooling and energy efficiency of thermoelectric cooler (TEC) used in cooled detectors when subjected to high current conditions. Embedding a structure for storing heat during phase change is the basis of this method at the heat sink. A simulation model was created for a common two‐stage series TEC with an asymmetrical design, which is coupled with a structure for storing heat through phase change. The research examined how phase transition heat storage impacts the coefficient of performance (COP) and refrigeration temperature difference across various phase‐change substances, heat transfer coefficients at the hot end, currents, and the height of the phase‐change material (PCM). The findings suggest that the suggested approach of combining PCM with TEC can efficiently lower the cold end temperature of TEC by a maximum of 20 K, enhance the temperature gap by a maximum of 16 K, and preserve the consistency of the optimized quantity across various hot end heat transfer coefficients. During the phase‐change process of PCMs, the COP of TECs integrated with PCM is found to increase by an average of 2%–3% compared to TECs without PCM integration. Under the maximum current operating condition, the cryogenic temperature can be optimized to a minimum of 238 K. In summary, the proposed method of integrating phase‐change heat storage with TECs provides a promising solution for improving their cooling performance and energy efficiency in cooled detectors under high current conditions. Additional investigation can be conducted to explore the practical application of this approach and enhance the design parameters for various uses.
Impact of amino acids and sugars after thermal processing on acrylamide formation in synthetic potato models and real potatoes
Authors: Bachir Nivine , Akkoum Hadiya , Pujola Montserrat , Sepulcre Franscesc , Haddarah Amira 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAmino acids and sugars, along with the thermal processing, are considered the main parameters to control acrylamide formation in fried potatoes. To evaluate which of these parameters had the greatest influence, 10 synthetic potato‐starch‐based models formulated in different amino acid and/or sugar combinations and three potato cultivars were assigned. High‐performance‐liquid chromatography and gas chromatography flame‐ionized‐detectors were applied to quantify amino acids, sugars, and acrylamide. Results showed that reducing sugars and sucrose significantly increased acrylamide formation amongst all potato samples. Synthetic potato models Asn‐GFS contained the highest amount of acrylamide compared to Glu‐Fru and real potatoes (Agria and Kennebec). Thus, sugars were considered critical factors for acrylamide formation in potatoes and remained the most practical way of reducing its production.
Microglia–neuron–vascular interactions in ischemia
Authors: Lénárt Nikolett , Cserép Csaba , Császár Eszter , Pósfai Balázs , Dénes Ádám 
Published: November 2023

AbstractCerebral ischemia is a devastating condition that results in impaired blood flow in the brain leading to acute brain injury. As the most common form of stroke, occlusion of cerebral arteries leads to a characteristic sequence of pathophysiological changes in the brain tissue. The mechanisms involved, and comorbidities that determine outcome after an ischemic event appear to be highly heterogeneous. On their own, the processes leading to neuronal injury in the absence of sufficient blood supply to meet the metabolic demand of the cells are complex and manifest at different temporal and spatial scales. While the contribution of non‐neuronal cells to stroke pathophysiology is increasingly recognized, recent data show that microglia, the main immune cells of the central nervous system parenchyma, play previously unrecognized roles in basic physiological processes beyond their inflammatory functions, which markedly change during ischemic conditions. In this review, we aim to discuss some of the known microglia–neuron–vascular interactions assumed to contribute to the acute and delayed pathologies after cerebral ischemia. Because the mechanisms of neuronal injury have been extensively discussed in several excellent previous reviews, here we focus on some recently explored pathways that may directly or indirectly shape neuronal injury through microglia‐related actions. These discoveries suggest that modulating gliovascular processes in different forms of stroke and other neurological disorders might have presently unexplored therapeutic potential in combination with neuroprotective and flow restoration strategies.
Dietary intake effects on severity of cancer treatment‐induced mucositis: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Manifar Soheila , Tonkaboni Arghavan , Sobhanifar Aysan , HafeziMotlagh Kimia , Bitarafan Sama , Mazani Mina , Bossi Paolo 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackground and AimsOral mucositis is one of the most serious complications due to chemotherapy and radiotherapy in head and neck cancer treatment. Oral mucositis causes a wide range of clinical signs and symptoms, such as ulcers, pain, and dysphagia. Additionally, because of speech limitations, patients' self‐esteem will decrease, ultimately causing reduced quality of life. The primary objective of this study was to investigate the role of diet in the onset and progress of mucositis induced by chemotherapy and radiation therapy in patients with cancers.MethodsIn this study, 121 patients with a mean age of 51.43 ± 13.08 years were selected randomly and referred to the cancer institute, where they underwent their first phase of chemotherapy. In this step, patients were examined and their severity of oral mucositis was graded according to the World Health Organization criteria. They completed a 3‐day allergen food recall and dietary recommendations were met. After completing the forms, four questionnaires were filled out for each patient, the patient's nutrition was analyzed using the N4 software, and the amount of macro‐ and micronutrients was measured.ResultsMicronutrients such as aspartic acid, glycine, serine, proline, alanine, arginine, glutamic acid, and vitamin B12 and macronutrients such as rose water, sausage, beverages, coffee, and lamb meat were examined, and a significant difference was observed between groups (grade 1 and 2 mucositis) (p < 0.005). In patients with grade 2 mucositis, a lower level of vitamin B12 was reported (p < 0.005). There is a negative correlation between amounts of macro‐ and micronutrients and grades of oral mucositis.ConclusionIt can be concluded that diet plays a considerable role in the severity of oral mucositis caused by cancer treatment.
An encoder–decoder and modified U‐Net network for microwave imaging of stroke
Authors: Liu Jinzhen , Chen Liming , Xiong Hui 
Published: November 2023

AbstractMicrowave imaging has been widely used in stroke diagnosis as a non‐invasive, ionizing radiation‐free imaging method. However, the electromagnetic inverse scattering problems of microwave imaging are nonlinear and ill‐posed. To further improve the accuracy of microwave imaging algorithms to identify and reconstruct stroke regions. A novel Encoder‐Decoder and Modified U‐Net (ED‐MUNET) network for microwave imaging of stroke is proposed. The newly proposed ED‐MUNET method accomplishes the initial imaging from scattered data to stroke images through an encoder–decoder in the first step. In the second step, the feature information of the reconstructed image is extracted through the modified U‐Net network, and the reconstruction from the rough stroke image to the high‐resolution image is realized. The second step avoids black‐box operations and improves image accuracy. ED‐MUNET has fewer artifacts, the relative reconstruction error is less than 0.05, and the reconstructed images are clearer, according to the comparative experiments with other networks. The experimental results showed the superiority of the proposed method for reconstructing stroke images.