bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transition Intensities for a model for Permanent Health Insurance
Authors: Cordeiro Isabel Maria Ferraz 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to obtain approximations to the transition intensities defined for a multiple state model for Permanent Health Insurance (PHI) which enables us to analyse PHI claims by cause of disability.The approximations to the transition intensities are obtained using a set of PHI data classified by 18 sickness categories and the graduations of the transition intensities defined for a simpler model proposed in Continuous Mortality Investigation Reports, 12 (1991).In order to derive the approximations to the recovery and mortality of the sick intensities for our model, we carry out tests of hypotheses based on the distributions of average sickness durations. The approximations to the sickness intensities are obtained by estimating a statistical model for the number of claim inceptions, which can be formulated as a generalized linear model.
Opportunities for Pharmacogenetic Testing to Guide Dosing of Medications in Youths With Medicaid
Authors: Tang Girdwood Sonya , Hall Matthew , Antoon James W. , Kyler Kathryn E. , Williams Derek J. , Shah Samir S. , Orth Lucas E. , Goldman Jennifer , Feinstein James A. , Ramsey Laura B. 
Published: February 2024

ImportanceThere are an increasing number of medications with a high level of evidence for pharmacogenetic-guided dosing (PGx drugs). Knowledge of the prevalence of dispensings of PGx drugs and their associated genes may allow hospitals and clinical laboratories to determine which pharmacogenetic tests to implement.ObjectivesTo investigate the prevalence of outpatient dispensings of PGx drugs among Medicaid-insured youths, determine genes most frequently associated with PGx drug dispenses, and describe characteristics of youths who were dispensed at least 1 PGx drug.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis serial cross-sectional study includes data from 2011 to 2019 among youths aged 0 to 17 years in the Marketscan Medicaid database. Data were analyzed from August to December 2022.Main Outcomes and MeasuresPGx drugs were defined as any medication with level A evidence as determined by the Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium (CPIC). The number of unique youths dispensed each PGx drug in each year was determined. PGx drugs were grouped by their associated genes for which there was CPIC level A evidence to guide dosing, and a dispensing rate (No. of PGx drugs/100 000 youths) was determined for each group for the year 2019. Demographics were compared between youths dispensed at least 1 PGx drug and those not dispensed any PGx drugs.ResultsThe number of Medicaid-insured youths queried ranged by year from 2 078 683 youths in 2011 to 4 641 494 youths in 2017, including 4 126 349 youths (median [IQR] age, 9 [5-13] years; 2 129 926 males [51.6%]) in 2019. The proportion of Medicaid-insured youths dispensed PGx drugs increased from 289 709 youths (13.9%; 95% CI, 13.8%-14.0%) in 2011 to 740 072 youths (17.9%; 95% CI, 17.9%-18.0%) in 2019. Genes associated with the most frequently dispensed medications were CYP2C9, CYP2D6, and CYP2C19 (9197.0 drugs [95% CI, 9167.7-9226.3 drugs], 8731.5 drugs [95% CI, 8702.5-8759.5 drugs], and 3426.8 drugs [95% CI, 3408.1-3443.9 drugs] per 100 000 youths, respectively). There was a higher percentage of youths with at least 1 chronic medical condition among youths dispensed at least 1 PGx drug (510 445 youths [69.0%; 95% CI, 68.8%-69.1%]) than among 3 386 277 youths dispensed no PGx drug (1 381 544 youths [40.8%; 95% CI, 40.7%-40.9%) (P &amp;lt; .001) in 2019.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this study, there was an increasing prevalence of dispensings for PGx drugs. This finding suggests that pharmacogenetic testing of specific drug-gene pairs should be considered for frequently prescribed PGx drugs and their implicated genes.
Recall of Autobiographical Memories Following Odor vs Verbal Cues Among Adults With Major Depressive Disorder
Authors: Leiker Emily K. , Riley Emma , Barb Scott , Lazzaro Sair K. , Compère Laurie , Webb Carolyn , Canovali Gia , Young Kymberly D. 
Published: February 2024

ImportanceMajor depressive disorder (MDD) is associated with deficits in autobiographical memory (AM) recall, which is thought to stem from disruptions in effortful recall. Understanding whether these deficits are mitigated when recall is stimulated more directly, such as by odor cues, could inform therapeutic interventions for MDD.ObjectiveTo evaluate whether deficits in specific AM recall in MDD are mitigated when odor cues vs word cues are used to prompt memory.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cross-sectional study assessed recall of specific AMs in response to both odor cues and word cues (in a randomized, counterbalanced order) in a repeated measures design. Data were collected between September 2021 and November 2022. The study took place at the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine in Pennsylvania and included adults with a primary diagnosis of MDD, according to the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview. Data were analyzed from January to June 2023.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome measure was the percentage of specific AMs recalled in response to odor-cued memories vs word-cued memories. Additional outcome measures included ratings of arousal, vividness, repetition, and recall response time for odor-cued memories vs word-cued memories.ResultsThirty-two adults (mean [SD] age, 30.0 [10.1] years; 26 [81.3%] female; 6 [18.8%] male) with a primary diagnosis of MDD completed the study. Participants recalled more specific AMs for odor cues than word cues (mean [SD], 68.4% [20.4%] vs 52.1% [23.3%]; Cohen d, 0.78; P &amp;lt; .001). Additionally, odor-cued recall was rated more arousing (mean [SD], 3.0 [0.8] vs 2.6 [0.7]; Cohen d, 1.28; P &amp;lt; .001) and vivid (mean [SD], 3.3 [0.7] vs 3.0 [0.7]; Cohen d, 0.67; P &amp;lt; .001), and was slower than word-cued recall (mean [SD], 14.5 [3.6] vs 8.9 [3.4] seconds; Cohen d, 1.18; P &amp;lt; .001). When compared with the population mean for word cues in healthy controls (80%), participants recalled fewer specific memories in response to words (Cohen d, 1.18; P &amp;lt; .001), supporting the presence of overgenerality. Notably, the percentage of specific memories recalled in response to odor cues did not differ from the healthy control population mean (Cohen d, 0.26; P = .15).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cross-sectional study, adults with MDD recalled more specific AMs in response to odor cues compared with word cues. This study suggests that AM deficits may only be observed when verbal cues are used and provides a potential new method for increasing specific AM recall in patients with MDD.
The National Artificial Intelligence Research Institutes program and its significance to a prosperous future
Authors: Donlon James J. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe U.S. National Artificial Intelligence (AI) Research Institutes program is introduced, and its significance is discussed relative to the guiding national AI research and development strategy. The future of the program is also discussed, including, the strategic priorities guiding the potential for new AI Institutes of the future, initiatives for building a broader ecosystem to connect Institutes into a strongly interconnected network, and the building of new AI capacity and fostering partnerships in minority‐serving institutions.
Increased Confidence and Deeper Understanding of Fatigue Following Participation in Fatigue Education and Management Education in Systemic Sclerosis: A Mixed Methods Evaluation of a Virtual Intervention
Authors: Poole Janet L. , Carandang Kristine , Connolly Deirdre 
Published: February 2024

ObjectiveNo fatigue‐specific programs exist for people with systemic sclerosis (SSc) despite the burden of fatigue and negative impact on daily activities. This study used a convergent parallel mixed methods design to evaluate the impact of an adapted virtual intervention, Fatigue and Activity Management Education in Systemic Sclerosis (FAME‐iSS), in the United States.MethodsEighteen people with SSc participated in three separate six‐week FAME‐iSS programs. Participants completed the modified Fatigue Impact Scale (m‐FIS), the Self‐Efficacy for Performing Energy Conservation Strategies Assessment (SEPESCA), the Patient‐Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Self‐Efficacy for Managing Symptoms, and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) before, immediately after, and three months post intervention. Data were analyzed using descriptive and nonparametric inferential statistics. Participants’ perceptions of the program and their use of fatigue management strategies were qualitatively analyzed using content analysis.ResultsEighty‐nine percent of participants were women with a mean ± SD age of 52.0 ± 11.6 years and a mean ± SD disease duration of 13.7 ± 14.5 years, and more than 70% had a college degree. Significant improvements were observed for self‐efficacy on the PROMIS Self‐Efficacy for Managing Symptoms (P = 0.002) and SEPESCA (P = 0.016) immediately post intervention, which continued to significantly improve up to the three‐month follow‐up (P = 0.006 and 0.035, respectively). Significant improvements were also observed for the m‐FIS between baseline and the three‐month follow‐up (P = 0.029). Participants reported a deeper understanding of fatigue and that they liked sharing strategies and experiences with each other along with the facilitator, citing that “there was a power in our group because we had a common condition.”ConclusionFAME‐iSS resulted in improvements in the impact of fatigue and self‐efficacy for managing symptoms and performing energy conservation strategies. Feedback was positive, and the virtual format allowed for greater accessibility and sharing of strategies.
Synergistic Corrosion Engineering on Metallic Manganese Toward High‐Performance Electrochemical Energy Storage
Authors: Sun Xiaobo , Wang Tuan , Lyv Wei , Xu Enhao , Chen Jinxuan , Wu Hao , Cai Wenlong , Zhang Yun , Wu Kaipeng 
Published: February 2024

AbstractMnO/rGO with enhanced electrochemical kinetic properties is widely investigated as electrode for high‐performance electrochemical energy storage (EES) devices. However, the synthesis of MnO/rGO via traditional methods suffers from low atomic utilization and complex techniques that are undesirable for practical implementation. Different from existing fabrication strategies, here using metallic manganese as Mn source, a novel, eco‐friendly, and corrosion engineering‐based approach to address the above issues is demonstrated. It is thermodynamically feasible as supported by the E‐pH analysis and for the first time, a significant synergetic effect is observed between NH4+ and GO in strengthening the metallic Mn corrosion reaction. Particularly, in the “ammonia circulation” process, the NH3 molecule, derived from NH4+, acts as a “carrier” for Mn2+ to facilitate its transfer by forming [Mn(NH3)2]2+, which effectively prevents “in situ corrosion”. The phase and structure evolution during the reaction are clarified, and the synergistic corrosion mechanism is also proposed. Benefiting from the efficient lithium‐ion evolution kinetics, Mn─O─C bond formed between MnO and rGO and outstanding structural integrity, the resultant MnO/rGO demonstrates exceptional EES performances in both lithium‐ion batteries and lithium‐ion capacitors. This finding will offer potential for mild, cost‐effective, and environmentally friendly fabrication of other graphene‐based metal oxide electrodes using corrosion engineering.
Engineering Biomaterials to Model Immune‐Tumor Interactions In Vitro
Authors: Skirzynska Arianna , Xue Chang , Shoichet Molly S. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractEngineered biomaterial scaffolds are becoming more prominent in research laboratories to study drug efficacy for oncological applications in vitro, but do they have a place in pharmaceutical drug screening pipelines? The low efficacy of cancer drugs in phase II/III clinical trials suggests that there are critical mechanisms not properly accounted for in the pre‐clinical evaluation of drug candidates. Immune cells associated with the tumor may account for some of these failures given recent successes with cancer immunotherapies; however, there are few representative platforms to study immune cells in the context of cancer as traditional 2D culture is typically monocultures and humanized animal models have a weakened immune composition. Biomaterials that replicate tumor microenvironmental cues may provide a more relevant model with greater in vitro complexity. In this review, the authors explore the pertinent microenvironmental cues that drive tumor progression in the context of the immune system, discuss how these cues can be incorporated into hydrogel design to culture immune cells, and describe progress toward precision oncological drug screening with engineered tissues.
Fully Printable and Reconfigurable Hufu‐type Electroluminescent Devices for Visualized Encryption
Authors: Luo Ziqing , Chen Wenfu , Lai Mengnan , Shi Shiyang , Chen Pengyu , Yang Xiaolong , Chen Zhan , Wang Ben , Zhang Yaokang , Zhou Xuechang 
Published: February 2024

AbstractHufu, serving as evidence of imperial authorization in ancient China, comprises two parts in the form of tiger‐shaped tallies that only become effective when matched. Drawing inspiration from the concept of Hufu, a reconfigurable electroluminescent (EL) device is designed by separating conventional integral devices into two parts that contain the EL layer (part A) and the transparent electrode (part B), respectively. The key to realizing such strategy is employing an adhesive and stretchable polymer gel composite as the transparent electrodes for the EL devices. The polymer gel composite facilitates robust yet reversible contact between the EL layer and transparent electrode, enabling high‐performance and stretchable EL devices that can be readily disassembled and reassembled: the EL devices can maintain ≈81% of their initial luminance after 1000 times of repeated disassembly and reassembly. Moreover, the precursor ink of the polymer gel composite is compatible with a wide variety of coating and printing technologies, such as spin‐coating, inkjet printing, dispensing, and brush painting. Importantly, the reconfigurable feature of the devices opens up a new path to encryption display systems, and as a proof‐of‐concept, EL encrypted password, and content‐changeable digital clock are demonstrated.
Gradient Pores Enhance Charge Storage Density of Carbonaceous Cathodes for Zn‐Ion Capacitor
Authors: Li Xinyuan , Cai Congcong , Hu Ping , Zhang Bao , Wu Peijie , Fan Hao , Chen Zhuo , Zhou Liang , Mai Liqiang , Fan Hong Jin 
Published: February 2024

AbstractEngineering carbonaceous cathode materials with adequately accessible active sites is crucial for unleashing their charge storage potential. Herein, activated meso‐microporous shell carbon (MMSC‐A) nanofibers are constructed to enhance the zinc ion storage density by forming a gradient‐pore structure. A dominating pore size of 0.86 nm is tailored to cater for the solvated [Zn(H2O)6]2+. Moreover, these gradient porous nanofibers feature rapid ion/electron dual conduction pathways and offer abundant active surfaces with high affinity to electrolyte. When employed in Zn‐ion capacitors (ZICs), the electrode delivers significantly enhanced capacity (257 mAh g−1), energy density (200 Wh kg−1 at 78 W kg−1), and cyclic stability (95% retention after 10 000 cycles) compared to nonactivated carbon nanofibers electrode. A series of in situ characterization techniques unveil that the improved Zn2+ storage capability stems from size compatibility between the pores and [Zn(H2O)6]2+, the co‐adsorption of Zn2+, H+, and SO42−, as well as reversible surface chemical interaction. This work presents an effective method to engineering meso‐microporous carbon materials toward high energy‐density storage, and also offers insights into the Zn2+ storage mechanism in such gradient‐pore structures.
Amorphous Gallium Oxide Nanosheets with Broad Absorption and Spin Polarization for Si‐Based UV‒Vis‒NIR Photodetectors
Authors: Yu Junling , Wu Geng , Han Xiao , Liu Peigen , You Su , Yang Qing , Hong Xun 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAchieving broad light absorption and high carrier separation efficiency is crucial for wide‐bandgap semiconductors to enable broadband photodetection applications. Here, amorphous gallium oxide nanosheets feature with broad absorption and spin polarization Wis synthesized, and assembled with graphene and p‐Si, realizing UV‒vis‒NIR photodetection. Extended X‐ray absorption fine structure reveals that a‐GaOx NSs possess lower tetrahedral Ga occupation (10%) compared to crystalline β‐Ga2O3 (50%). UV‒vis‒NIR diffuse reflectance spectra and magnetic hysteresis loops demonstrate broad absorption and weak ferromagnetism of a‐GaOx NSs, respectively. Density functional theory calculation further reveals sub‐gap states and spin polarization in a‐GaOx NSs. Moreover, combined with Mott–Schottky curves, photoluminescence and time‐resolved photoluminescence spectra inferred the effective suppression of carrier recombination via spin polarization of a‐GaOx NSs. The graphene/a‐GaOx NSs/p‐Si photodetector incorporates a back‐to‐back rectifying junction, acquiring a dark current as low as 63 pA. All photogenerated carriers are in the depletion region of the photodetector favouring efficient charge separation. This photodetector exhibits a response time of τrise<60 ms and τfall<120 ms, and high specific detectivity 1013 Jones over 254–1064 nm light.
High‐Efficiency Near‐Infrared OLED Enabled by Exciplex‐Forming Hosts and a New Organic Fluorescent Emitter
Authors: Chen Yi‐Yun , Kung Yu‐Cheng , Wang Miaosheng , Lo Yuan‐Chih , Chia Yao‐Te , Wang Chun‐Kai , Chen Deng‐Gao , Cheng Ju‐Ting , Chou Pi‐Tai , Wu Chichi , Li Elise Y. , Hu Bin , Hung Wen‐Yi , Wong Ken‐Tsung 
Published: February 2024

AbstractTwo blends comprising new dicyanopyrazine‐based acceptors (m‐CN and p‐CN) and a carbazole‐based donor CPTBF are explored for exciplex formation. The CPTBF:m‐CN and CPTBF:p‐CN blends show the signature red‐shifted emission together with the delayed fluorescence observed in time‐resolved measurement, manifesting the characteristics of thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF). The electroluminescence (EL) device employing CPTBF:m‐CN (CPTBF:p‐CN) blend as the emitting layer (EML) achieved an EQE of 5.22% (2.05%) with the EL λmax centered at 607 nm (625 nm). The exciplex excitons can be efficiently extracted by a new benzobisthiadiazole‐based near‐infrared (NIR) emitter DCzPBBT, where a device is configured with CPTBF:m‐CN: (5 wt.%) DCzPBBT as the EML to achieve a high EQE of 5.32% and an EL λmax 758 nm. Further increase of the doping concentration to 10 wt.% of DCzPBBT exhibits a bathochromic shifted EL λmax to 772 nm with 94% spectral coverage in the NIR (>700 nm) region, while the device EQE retains at 4.06%. The superior device performance stems from the highly efficient energy transfer between the exciplex‐forming host and NIR dopant together.
A Single Amino Acid Able to Promote High‐Temperature Ring‐Opening Polymerization by Dual Activation
Authors: Gabirondo Elena , Świderek Katarzyna , Marin Edurne , Maiz‐Iginitz Ainhoa , Larranaga Aitor , Moliner Vicent , Etxeberria Agustin , Sardon Haritz 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAmino acids are indispensable compounds in the body, performing several biological processes that enable proper functioning. In this work, it is demonstrated that a single amino acid, taurine, is also able to promote the ring‐opening polymerization (ROP) of several cyclic monomers under industrially relevant conditions. It is shown that the unique zwitterionic structure of taurine, where the negatively charged sulfonic acid group and the protonated amine group are separated by two methylene groups, not only provides high thermal stability but also leads to a dual activation mechanism, which is corroborated by quantum mechanical calculations. This unique mechanism allows for the synthesis of polylactide of up to 50 kDa in bulk at 180 °C with good end‐group fidelity using a highly abundant catalyst. Furthermore, cytotoxicity tests confirm that PLLA synthesized with taurine is non‐toxic. Moreover, it is demonstrated that the presence of taurine does not have any detrimental effect on the thermal stability of polylactide, and therefore polymers can be used directly without any post‐polymerization purification. It is believed that the demonstration that a simple structure composed of a single amino acid can promote polymerization can bring a paradigm shift in the preparation of polymers.
Early‐season biomass and weather enable robust cereal rye cover crop biomass predictions
Authors: Huddell Alexandra , Needelman Brian , Law Eugene P. , Ackroyd Victoria J. , Bagavathiannan Muthukumar V. , Bradley Kevin , Davis Adam S. , Evans Jeffery A. , Everman Wesley Jay , Flessner Michael , Jordan Nicholas , Schwartz‐Lazaro Lauren M. , Leon Ramon G. , Lindquist John , Norsworthy Jason K. , Shergill Lovreet S. , VanGessel Mark , Mirsky Steven B. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractFarmers need accurate estimates of winter cover crop biomass to make informed decisions on termination timing or to estimate potential release of nitrogen from cover crop residues to subsequent cash crops. Utilizing data from an extensive experiment across 11 states from 2016 to 2020, this study explores the most reliable predictors for determining cereal rye cover crop biomass at the time of termination. Our findings demonstrate a strong relationship between early‐season and late‐season cover crop biomass. Employing a random forest model, we predicted late‐season cereal rye biomass with a margin of error of approximately 1,000 kg ha−1 based on early‐season biomass, growing degree days, cereal rye planting and termination dates, photosynthetically active radiation, precipitation, and site coordinates as predictors. Our results suggest that similar modeling approaches could be combined with remotely sensed early‐season biomass estimations to improve the accuracy of predicting winter cover crop biomass at termination for decision support tools.Core Ideas
Cereal rye winter cover crop biomass modeled on data from 35 site‐years.
We found a strong relationship between early and late‐season biomass.
Random forest model with early‐season biomass and weather data performed well.
Similar approach could improve decision support tools for cover crop management.
Foldaxane‐Based Switchable [c2]Daisy Chains
Authors: Liao Sibei , Tang Jie , Ma Chunmiao , Yu Lu , Tan Ying , Li Xuanzhu , Gan Quan 
Published: February 2024

AbstractArtificial molecular muscles are highly attractive in the field of molecular machinery due to their unique properties of contraction and stretching motion. However, the synthesis of molecular muscles poses formidable challenges as it is hindered by undesirable yields and poor selectivity. Herein, we present a procedure for the dynamic assembly of foldaxane‐based [c2]daisy chains, wherein the hermaphroditic sequences consisting of aromatic helices and peptide rods are interlocked through inter‐strand hydrogen‐bonding interactions. The binding complementarity facilitates a selective and efficient assembly of [c2]daisy chain structures, inhibiting the creation of by‐products. Introducing multiple recognition sites confers the system with contraction and stretching motion actuated by chemical stimuli. The rate of this muscle‐like motion is calculated to be 0.8 s−1, which is 107 times faster than that of complex dissociation.