bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changing trends of the diseases burden attributable to high BMI in Asia from 1990 to 2019: results from the global burden of disease study 2019
Authors: Li Xue , Han Fang , Liu Na , Feng Xiaojin , Sun Xiaodong , Chi Yuhua , Hou Ningning , Liu Yongping 
Published: October 2023

ObjectiveTo analyse the trends of diseases burden attributed to high body mass index (BMI), including overweight and obesity, in Asia from 1990 to 2019.DesignObservational study.SettingThe data of 45 countries and regions in Asia were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 database.Main outcome measuresNumbers, age-standardised rate (ASR) of deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and the corresponding estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs), attributable to high BMI in Asia from 1990 to 2019, were analysed by regions, genders and age. We also analysed changes in the causes of deaths and DALYs that are attributable to high BMI over this period.ResultsIn 2019, all causes deaths attributable to high BMI in Asia were 2 329 503, with increases by 265% compared with 1990. Over three decades, DALYs related to high BMI have increased by 268%. The ASRs of deaths and DALYs in Asia both showed continuous upward trends during this period (EAPC 1.39; 95% certainty interval [95% CI] 1.35 to 1.43 for deaths; EAPC 1.8; 95% CI 1.76 to 1.84 for DALYs), while both were declined in high-income areas (EAPC −2.03 and −1.26). By geographical regions, disease burden in Central Asia and West Asia have been fluctuating at high levels, but high-income Asia Pacific showed decreasing trends of ASR of deaths (EAPC −2.03) and DALYs (EAPC −1.26). Over this period, disease burden in Asia was changing from women to men, and tends to ageing. In addition, diabetes were the diseases most affected by high BMI, and cancer burden was high in middle-aged and elderly people.ConclusionsThe disease burden attributed to high BMI in Asia has experienced great changes. It is necessary to promote the prevention of obesity and chronic diseases in a comprehensive manner, especially in low-income areas, men and elderly.
Protocol for a scoping review of the role of siblings in supporting middle-aged and older people with early-acquired severe mental illness
Authors: Cui Jialiang , Guo Siyuan , Kan Wan Sang , Zhang Lin , He Xin , Chen Renxing , Chen Na , Xun Kangwei 
Published: October 2023

IntroductionFor older individuals who developed severe mental illness (SMI) during late adolescence or early adulthood (referred to as early-acquired SMI), the combination of ageing and SMI presents persistent health and psychosocial challenges. This group, with a higher likelihood of being unmarried or experiencing marriage dissolution, often lacks social and economic resources to address the difficulties they face in later life. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in understanding the role of siblings in supporting the ageing process of individuals with early-acquired SMI. However, to date, no reviews have investigated the role of siblings in assisting their middle-aged and older brothers or sisters with SMI as they age within community settings. Our scoping review aims to explore and synthesise the existing literature on sibling support for individuals with early-acquired SMI, with the goal of informing further advancements in research, practice and policy.Methods and analysisThe methodological framework developed by Arksey and O’Malley will inform this scoping review. Four groups of search keywords, derived from four related concepts (sibling, SMI, support and ageing), will be employed. Additionally, a group of keywords related to unrelated life stages and diseases will be used to exclude irrelevant articles. A search will be carried out across major online databases, namely PubMed, Scopus, PsycINFO, Ovid MEDLINE, ProQuest and Google Scholar to identify the articles between 2000 and 2023. English-language studies meeting specific eligibility criteria will be identified following a review of titles and abstracts and will then undergo a full-text review. The data from the selected articles will be extracted using a customised data-charting framework and content analysis will be conducted.Ethics and disseminationThere are no requirements for ethical approval. The findings of this review will be shared through professional connections, academic conferences and scholarly journals.
Mapping factors that may influence attrition and retention of midwives: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Moncrieff Gill , Downe Soo , Maxwell Margaret , Cheyne Helen 
Published: October 2023

IntroductionAn appropriately staffed midwifery workforce is essential for the provision of safe and high-quality maternity care. However, there is a global and national shortage of midwives. Understaffed maternity services are frequently identified as contributing to unsafe care provision and adverse outcomes for mothers and babies. While there is a need to recruit midwives through pre-registration midwifery programmes, this has significant resource implications, and is counteracted to a large extent by the high number of midwives leaving the workforce. It is increasingly recognised that there is a critical need to attend to retention in midwifery in order to develop and maintain safe staffing levels. The objective of this review is to collate and map factors that have been found to influence attrition and retention in midwifery.Methods and analysisJoanna Briggs Institute guidance for scoping reviews and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews will be used to guide the review process and reporting of the review. CINAHL, MEDLINE, PsycINFO and Scopus databases will be searched for relevant literature from date of inception to 21 July 2023. Research from high-income countries that explores factors that influence leaving intentions for midwives will be included. Literature from low-income and middle-income countries, and studies where nursing and midwifery data cannot be disaggregated will be excluded. Two reviewers will screen 20% of retrieved citations in duplicate, the first author will screen the remaining results. Data will be extracted using a preformed data extraction tool by the first author. Findings will be presented in narrative, tabular and graphical formats.Ethics and disseminationThe review will collate data from existing research, therefore ethics approval is not required. Findings will be published in journals, presented at conferences and will be translated into infographics and other formats for online dissemination.
Immunology of THymectomy And childhood CArdiac transplant (ITHACA): protocol for a UK-wide prospective observational cohort study to identify immunological risk factors of post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease (PTLD) in thymectomised children
Authors: Offor Ugonna T , Hollis Paolo , Ognjanovic Milos , Parry Gareth , Khushnood Abbas , Long Heather M , Gennery Andrew R , Bacon Chris M , Simmonds Jacob , Reinhardt Zdenka , Bomken Simon 
Published: October 2023

IntroductionPaediatric heart transplant patients are disproportionately affected by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-related post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease (PTLD) compared with other childhood solid organ recipients. The drivers for this disparity remain poorly understood. A potential risk factor within this cohort is the routine surgical removal of the thymus—a gland critical for the normal development of T-lymphocyte-mediated antiviral immunity—in early life, which does not occur in other solid organ transplant recipients. Our study aims to describe the key immunological differences associated with early thymectomy, its impact on the temporal immune response to EBV infection and subsequent risk of PTLD.Methods and analysisProspective and sequential immune monitoring will be performed for 34 heart transplant recipients and 6 renal transplant patients (aged 0–18 years), stratified into early (<1 year), late (>1 year) and non-thymectomy groups. Peripheral blood samples and clinical data will be taken before transplant and at 3, 6, 12 and 24 months post-transplant. Single cell analysis of circulating immune cells and enumeration of EBV-specific T-lymphocytes will be performed using high-dimensional spectral flow cytometry with peptide-Major Histocompatibilty Complex (pMHC) I/II tetramer assay, respectively. The functional status of EBV-specific T-lymphocytes, along with EBV antibodies and viral load will be monitored at each of the predefined study time points.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval for this study has been obtained from the North of Scotland Research Ethics Committee. The results will be disseminated through publications in peer-reviewed journals, presentations at scientific conferences and patient-centred forums, including social media.Trial registration numberISRCTN10096625.
Increasing antiretroviral therapy adherence and retention in care among adults living with HIV in Philadelphia: a study protocol for a stepped-wedge cluster-randomised type 2 hybrid effectiveness-implementation trial of managed problem-solving plus (MAPS+) delivered by community health workers
Authors: Van Pelt Amelia E , Bilker Warren B , Nkwihorez Hervette , Ghadimi Fatemeh , Brady Kathleen A , Cidav Zuleyha , Schriger Simone H , Beidas Rinad S , Gross Robert , Momplaisir Florence 
Published: October 2023

IntroductionTo end the HIV epidemic in Philadelphia, implementation of evidence-based practices (EBP) to increase viral suppression and retention in HIV care is critical. Managed problem solving (MAPS), an EBP for antiretroviral therapy adherence, follows a problem-solving approach to empower people living with HIV (PWH) to manage their health. To overcome barriers to care experienced by PWH in Philadelphia, the EBP was adapted to include a focus on care retention and delivery by community health workers (CHWs). The adapted intervention is MAPS+. To maximise the clinical impact and reach of the intervention, evaluation of the effectiveness and implementation of MAPS+ is necessary.Methods and analysisThis manuscript describes the protocol for a stepped-wedge cluster-randomised type 2 hybrid effectiveness-implementation trial in 10 clinics in Philadelphia. This research incorporates innovative approaches to accomplish three objectives: (1) to evaluate the effectiveness of the CHW-led MAPS+ intervention to improve viral suppression and retention in care 1 year after the individual implementation period (N=390 participants), (2) to examine the effect of the menu of implementation strategies on reach and implementation cost and (3) to examine processes, mechanisms, and sustainment of the implementation strategies for MAPS+ (N=56 participants). Due to various factors (eg, COVID-19), protocol modifications have occurred.Ethics and disseminationThe institutional review board (IRB) at the city of Philadelphia serves as the primary IRB; initial approval was granted on 21 December 2020. The University of Pennsylvania and Northwestern University executed reliance agreements. A safety monitoring committee comprised experts in implementation science, biostatistics and infectious diseases oversee this study. This research will offer insights into achieving the goals to end the HIV epidemic in Philadelphia as well as implementation efforts of MAPS+ and other behavioural interventions aimed at increasing medication adherence and retention in care. Dissemination will include deliverables (eg, peer-reviewed manuscripts and lay publications) to reach multiple constituents.Trial registration numberNCT04560621.
Phase II study of durvalumab and tremelimumab with front-line neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with advanced-stage ovarian cancer: primary analysis in the original cohort of KGOG3046/TRU-D
Authors: Park Junsik , Lee Jung Bok , Lim Myong Cheol , Kim Byoung-Gie , Kim Jae-Weon , Kim Sunghoon , Choi Chel Hun , Kim Hee Seung , Park Sang Yoon , Lee Jung-Yun 
Published: October 2023

BackgroundThis study assessed the antitumor activity and safety of durvalumab plus tremelimumab combined with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in patients newly diagnosed with advanced ovarian cancer. Here, we report the primary endpoint of the original cohort of the KGOG 3046/TRU-D study.MethodsIn this investigator-initiated single-arm, phase II trial, patients with stage IIIC-IVB ovarian cancer were administered three cycles of durvalumab (1500 mg) and tremelimumab (75 mg) with NAC, followed by interval debulking surgery (IDS). After surgery, three cycles of durvalumab (1120 mg) and adjuvant chemotherapy followed by durvalumab maintenance (1120 mg [total 12 cycles]) were administered. The primary endpoint of the study was 12-month progression-free survival (PFS) rate.ResultsTwenty-three patients were enrolled. The median patient age was 60 years (range 44–77 years), and most patients presented with high-grade serous carcinoma (87.0%) and stage IV disease (87.0%). At the time of data cut-off on January 17, 2023, the median follow-up duration was 29.2 months (range 12.0–42.2). The 12-month, 24-month, and 30 month PFS rates were 63.6%, 45.0%, and 40.0%, respectively. All patients underwent IDS, with an R0 resection rate of 73.9%, and 17.4% achieved pathological complete response. Skin rashes were the most common treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs, 69.6%). However, all TRAEs completely resolved after steroid use.ConclusionThis study showed promising activity with a durable clinical response, supporting the potential of NAC with dual immune checkpoint blockade in advanced-stage ovarian cancer.Trial registration numberNCT03899610.
Determination of the W-boson mass at hadron colliders
Authors: Rottoli Luca , Torrielli Paolo , Vicini Alessandro 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWe introduce an observable relevant for the determination of the W-boson mass $$m_W$$

m
W

at hadron colliders. This observable is defined as an asymmetry around the jacobian peak of the charged-lepton transverse-momentum distribution in the charged-current Drell–Yan process. We discuss the observable’s theoretical prediction, presenting results at different orders in QCD, and showing its perturbative stability. Its definition as a single scalar number and its linear sensitivity to $$m_W$$

m
W

allow a clean extraction of the latter and a straightforward discussion of the associated theoretical systematics: a perturbative QCD uncertainty of $${{{\mathcal {O}}}}(\pm 5)$$

O
(
±
5
)

MeV on $$m_W$$

m
W

can be established by means of this observable, relying solely on charged-current Drell–Yan information. Owing to its relatively inclusive nature, the observable displays desirable properties also from the experimental viewpoint, especially for the unfolding of detector effects. We show that a measurement of this observable can lead to a competitive experimental error on $$m_W$$

m
W

at the LHC.
Entanglement classification via witness operators generated by support vector machine
Authors: Sanavio Claudio , Tignone Edoardo , Ercolessi Elisa 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAlthough entanglement is a basic resource for reaching quantum advantage in many computation and information protocols, we lack a universal recipe for detecting it, with analytical results obtained for low-dimensional systems and few special cases of higher-dimensional systems. In this work, we use a machine learning algorithm, the support vector machine with polynomial kernel, to classify separable and entangled states. We apply it to two-qubit and three-qubit systems, and we show that, after training, the support vector machine is able to recognize if a random state is entangled with an accuracy up to $$92\%$$

92
%

for the two-qubit system and up to $$98\%$$

98
%

for the three-qubit system. We also describe why and in what regime the support vector machine algorithm is able to implement the evaluation of an entanglement witness operator applied to many copies of the state, and we describe how we can translate this procedure into a quantum circuit.
A comparison of scan and focal sampling in estimating activity budgets, diet composition, and proximity patterns of a wild pair-living primate
Authors: Tesar Katherina , Heymann Eckhard W. , Dolotovskaya Sofya 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The choice of behavioral sampling method can impact the outcome of data collection, however, few direct comparisons between methods have been made. We compared the performance of instantaneous group scan sampling (scan sampling) and focal continuous sampling with variable session durations (focal sampling) in estimating activity patterns, diet composition, and spatial proximity in seven groups of wild coppery titi monkeys (Plecturocebus cupreus) in Peruvian Amazonia. We used a series of paired samples Wilcoxon tests to compare daily proportions of time allocated to each type of activity/food/proximity category in each sampling method. In addition, we compared our results with those of other studies conducted on the same population of titi monkeys at other times. Focal sampling provided significantly lower estimates for moving time and significantly higher estimates for resting time compared to scan sampling, likely because scan sampling tends to give higher estimates of more conspicuous behaviors and lower estimates of less conspicuous behaviors. For diet composition, scan sampling gave similar results to other studies, while focal sampling gave significantly lower estimates for feeding on fruits and higher estimates for feeding on arthropods. The most likely reason is that focal sampling with variable session durations tends to overestimate behaviors during which a focal animal is less likely to go out of view, such as feeding on arthropods in the lower strata of the forest. Our results suggest that a pilot study comparing different methods should be conducted prior to collecting data, as not all methods are interchangeable.
Religion, Religious Climate, and Students’ Sense of Belonging in a South African University
Authors: Owusu-Agyeman Yaw , Pillay Semira 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Informed by a social constructionist approach, this study examines the relationship between religion, institutional religious climate, and students’ sense of belonging in a university in South Africa. Data were gathered and analysed from a sample of 2026 students who completed a survey that included an open-ended section. The results revealed that students’ perceptions of institutional religious climate are directly associated with their sense of belonging, supportive campus environment, and cross-cultural interaction. Also, while the religious beliefs of students are strengthened by their interaction with colleagues and staff from diverse cultures, they also develop a sense of belonging when they freely practice their religious beliefs in an institution that promotes religious diversity. The study concludes that a positive institutional religious climate could enhance students’ religious experiences, encourage religious freedom, and create students’ sense of belonging.
The Rhetoric of Ghanaian Religious Communication
Authors: Gyekye Daniel Appiah 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This paper examines the rhetoric of Ghana’s religious communication. Meta-analysis of the rhetorical situation of Ghanaian religious communication was conducted to examine how rhetoric has been used in Ghanaian society. Thus, the paper analyzed the effectiveness of religious rhetoric as a tool for religious propagation. It examined various forms of communication such as preaching, singing, dancing and selling of souvenirs in churches from the perspective of rhetoric. The theoretical framework included popular varieties of rhetoric, religious communication, content analysis of the rhetoric of religious situations in Ghana, and a semiotic analysis of souvenirs sold by some Ghanaian pastors. Suppression, avoidance, adjustment, and accommodation were examined as rhetorical tools of religious control. The study also postulated that religion and communication through the media are interwoven due to the rhetorical aspects that bind the two concepts in shaping the authority, dominance and ideologies of religious identities in Ghana.
Careful What You Wish For
Authors: Pijpers Peter B.M.J. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
It is commonly acknowledged that international law applies to cyberspace. But “how” it applies is still a matter of dispute; a matter that was hampered by the limited number of legal opinions by States. It was assumed that an increase in opinio iuris and State practice would crystalize how international law applies to cyberspace. However, the recent surge in legal opinions has had a contrary effect, i.e. increasing rather than decreasing the differences – and hence the legal uncertainty. This development could even create legal asymmetry: while some States will comply with international law, others will exploit the ambiguity and cherry-pick the interpretation that supports their strategic goals.
Fighters, Not Victims: On Victimhood Recognition and Gender Representations in the Enslavement Charges in the Ongwen Case
Authors: Sánchez Mera Silvina 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In the Ongwen case, according to the otp women were abducted to be wives and men to be soldiers, women were forced to work and men forced to fight. The otp brought enslavement charges for some of these crimes. Absent from the charges was the forced fighting of men. This paper discusses the crime of enslavement in the Ongwen case. By combining a doctrinal analysis and a feminist approach, I seek to show how gender representations emerge in the application of the law in detriment of men’s victimhood. I argue that the application of the law responds to gender representations in war. Men are not perceived to be victims once they become ‘soldiers’. Likewise, for women, the effect is their continuous perception as non-fighters and victims of war. This leads to reinforcing those representations, to lack of acknowledgment of victimhood for men and to reducing the experiences of women.
The New Social History of the Malayan Emergency, 1948–60: Locating and Decentring the State in Malaya’s New Villages
Authors: Malhi Amrita 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Tan Teng Phee’s Behind Barbed Wire is an excellent, meticulously researched book that should transform the way scholars understand both the social history, and the historiography, of the Malayan Emergency (1948-60). In this work, Tan sets out in full detail the British colonial state’s rationale for establishing an expansive network of more than five hundred detention camps – or New Villages – under the Emergency’s Briggs Plan. In addition to this important contribution, Tan also explains the gruelling reality of life inside the camps for the 570,000 or more mostly Chinese Malayans whose social, political, and economic roles – and private, internal lives – the state coercively reconstructed inside them. Drawing on Michel Foucault’s work on governmentality, and James C. Scott’s work on the hidden transcripts and weapons of the weak, Tan’s book also lays the groundwork for a new wave of work on the Emergency. Thanks to Tan, future scholars are now by far better equipped to examine sensitive questions such as how and why Malayans experienced the Emergency in a racially differentiated manner, and the role the Emergency played in constructing Malaya’s “consociational” politics, creating a specific path to Malayan decolonisation.