bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distribution and survival of overwintering adults of the Dutch elm disease vector, Hylurgopinus rufipes (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), in American elm trees in Manitoba
Authors: Anderson P. L. , Holliday N. J. 
Published: December 2004

Abstract 1 The native elm bark beetle, Hylurgopinus rufipes, is the principal vector of Dutch elm disease in Manitoba, Saskatchewan and North Dakota, and disease management measures include applying residual insecticides to the lower part of elm tree trunks where the adult beetles overwinter.2 In American elm trees in southern Manitoba, we counted entrance holes produced by beetles then felled and dissected trees to determine numbers of tunnels and numbers and survival of overwintering beetles.3 Densities of entrance holes, tunnels and beetles followed a logistic relationship with tree trunk diameter; densities were near zero at diameters < 10 cm and reached a site‐specific asymptote at diameters > 20 cm.4 Asymptotic densities of holes, tunnels and beetles in samples from 55 to 190 cm above the ground were, respectively, 22%, 22% and 0.7% of those within 25 cm of the ground.5 Within the height range 0–190 cm, the proportion of living beetles declined steeply with increasing height.6 Average density of holes at height 0–25 cm estimated from a sample of several trees of diameter ≥15 cm could be used to predict the asymptotic maximum density of overwintering beetles in the site; predictions of beetle densities for individual trees were not reliable.
Influence of flowering cover crops on Anagrus parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) and Erythroneura leafhoppers (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) in New York vineyards
Authors: English‐Loeb Greg , Rhainds Marc , Martinson Tim , Ugine Todd 
Published: December 2004

Abstract 1 We tested the hypothesis that providing nectar‐producing cover crops will enhance the biological control of grape leafhoppers (Erythroneura spp.) by Anagrus wasps in commercial vineyards in New York, U.S.A.2 We established three cover crops between vine rows in a commercial vineyard: buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum (Moench)), clover (Trifolium repens L.) and mowed sod (Dactylis glomerata L.).3 There was no effect of cover crop on adult Anagrus in 1996, whereas in 1997 adults were more abundant within edge vines with buckwheat compared to vines with clover or sod; adults were more abundant at the vineyard edge, especially early in the season.4 Parasitism of ‘sentinel’ leafhopper eggs was higher on vines with buckwheat compared to parasitism on vines with clover or sod in 1996; a similar, non‐significant trend, was observed in 1997.5 Neither the abundance nor the distribution of leafhoppers was influenced by cover crops, although in 1997 there was a trend toward greater numbers of nymphs on edge vines with buckwheat.6 In a cage experiment, parasitism by Anagrus of leafhopper eggs on grapes was greater when adults had access to flowering buckwheat rather than buckwheat without flowers.7 In a laboratory study, longevity of female Anagrus was increased when provided with honey or sugar water compared to water only or nothing.8 Our results suggest that parasitism of grape leafhoppers by Anagrus may be enhanced by providing floral resources within vineyards in New York, although it is unclear whether this will produce meaningful reductions in pest abundance.
Test of the monophyly of Odostomiinae and Turbonilliinae (Gastropoda, Heterobranchia, Pyramidellidae) based on 16S mtDNA sequences
Authors: Schander Christoffer , Halanych Kenneth M. , Dahlgren Thomas , Sundberg Per 
Published: December 2004

Schander, C., Halanych, K. M., Dahlgren, T. & Sundberg, P. (2003) Test of the monophyly of Odostomiinae and Turbonilliinae (Gastropoda, Heterobranchia, Pyramidellidae) based on 16S mtDNA sequences. — Zoologica Scripta, 32, 243−254.While gastropod phylogeny has received much recent attention, relationships within some major gastropod clades have still not been studied. The Pyramidellidae is one such group, comprising more than 6000 named species in more than 350 genera. We sequenced part of the mitochondrial 16S gene from 32 species in an attempt to clarify pyramidellid phylogeny and employed a successive alignment approach that allowed us to maximize the phylogenetic signal of the data. Neighbour‐joining, maximum parsimony and likelihood analyses recovered two distinct clades. One clade consisted of Noemiamea which nested within Odostomia (sensu stricto). The inclusion of Brachystomia, Megastomia, Jordaniella and Liostomia within Odostomia is not supported. The second clade comprised Spiralinella, Brachystomia, Boonea, Jordaniella, Liostomia and Parthenina. Our results further suggest that Turbonilla, as interpreted by most authors, is polyphyletic. This study shows that the 16S gene is useful in unravelling pyramidellid phylogeny but needs to be combined with other data (including molecular, morphological and developmental) to fully clarify the evolutionary relationships.
Molecular phylogeny of elopomorph fishes inferred from mitochondrial 12S ribosomal RNA sequences
Authors: Wang Chien‐Hsun , Kuo Chien‐Hsien , Mok Hin‐Kiu , Lee Sin‐Che 
Published: December 2004

Wang, C. H., Kuo, C. H., Mok, H. K. & Lee, S. C. (2003). Molecular phylogeny of elopomorph fishes inferred from mitochondrial 12S ribosomal RNA sequences. — Zoologica Scripta, 32, 231–241.Fishes of the superorder Elopomorpha include tenpounders (Elops), tarpon (Megalops), bonefishes (Albula), spiny eels (Notacanthus), apodes, and gulper eels; despite highly diversified morphological features, all undergo a leptocephalus larval stage and are thus treated (although with some dissenting views) as monophyletic. Following analysis of 12S rRNA sequences we present results that confirm a monophyletic Elopomorpha clearly separated from Clupeomorpha. Elops and Megalops share a common ancestor and are clustered in a subclade at the bottom of Elopomorpha. Albula and Notacanthus share a common ancestor forming the sister group to Anguilliformes. Saccopharyngiformes is not a sister group of Anguilliformes, as the single species sequenced here is nested deeply within the latter. Neither the suborder Congroidei nor the superfamily Congroidea within Anguilliformes are monophyletic.
Testing an ‘aging gene’ in long‐lived Drosophila strains: increased longevity depends on sex and genetic background
Authors: Spencer Christine C. , Howell Christine E. , Wright Amber R. , Promislow Daniel E. L. 
Published: December 2004

SummaryMolecular advances of the past decade have led to the discovery of a myriad of ‘aging genes’ (methuselah, Indy, InR, Chico, superoxide dismutase) that extend Drosophila lifespan by up to 85%. Despite this life extension, these mutants are no longer lived than at least some recently wild‐ caught strains. Typically, long‐lived mutants are identified in relatively short‐lived genetic backgrounds, and their effects are rarely tested in genetic backgrounds other than the one in which they were isolated or derived. However, the mutant's high‐longevity phenotype may be dependent on interactions with alleles that are common in short‐lived laboratory strains. Here we set out to determine whether one particular mutant could extend lifespan in long‐lived genetic backgrounds in the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster. We measured longevity and resistance to thermal stress in flies that were transgenically altered to overexpress human superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the motorneurones in each of 10 genotypes. Each genotype carried the genetic background from a different naturally long‐lived wild‐caught Drosophila strain. While SOD increased lifespan on average, the effect was genotype‐ and sex‐specific. Our results indicate that naturally segregating genes interact epistatically with the aging gene superoxide dismutase to modify its ability to extend longevity. This study points to the need to identify mutants that increase longevity not only in the lab strain of origin but also in naturally long‐lived genetic backgrounds.
Microvascular blood flow of the optic nerve head and peripapillary retina in unilateral exfoliation syndrome
Authors: Ocakoglu Ozcan , Koyluoglu Nilufer , Kayiran Alp , Tamcelik Nevbahar , Ozkan Sehirbay 
Published: December 2004

Abstract.Purpose: To measure microvascular blood flow in patients with unilateral exfoliation syndrome (XFS) without glaucoma or ocular hypertension and to compare the values in the eyes with clinically detected exfoliation, their nonexfoliative fellow eyes of the same patients and control eyes.Methods: Twenty‐two patients with clinically detected unilateral XFS and 30 age‐matched healthy subjects were included in this study. Group 1 consisted of 22 eyes with clinical XFS, and the nonexfoliative fellow eyes of the same patients formed Group 2. The control group (Group 3) comprised the randomly selected eyes of 30 age‐matched healthy subjects. Ocular blood flow values (volume, flow and velocity) were recorded from the optic nerve head (ONH) and peripapillary retina (PPR) using the Heidelberg retinal flowmeter (HRF). The differences between the three groups were compared statistically.Results: The mean values of blood flow obtained from the ONH and PPR in eyes with clinically detected exfoliation (Group 1) and their nonexfoliative fellow eyes (Group 2) were both significantly lower than the values for the control eyes (Group 3). The differences in ocular blood flow between the eyes with exfoliation and the nonexfoliative fellow eyes were not statistically significant [one‐way analysis of variance (anova), Dunnett's T3 test, p ≥ 0.05).Conclusion: These findings suggest that the eyes with clinically detected unilateral XFS were associated with reduced blood flow values in both the ONH and the PPR. The nonexfoliative fellow eyes also have lower blood flow values than the control eyes.
Risk factors for pterygium in an adult Jordanian population
Authors: Al‐Bdour Muawyah D. , Al‐Latayfeh Mo'tasem M. 
Published: December 2004

Abstract. Purpose: To evaluate the risk factors for the development of pterygium in a Middle Eastern country (Jordan) and to compare our findings with those from other countries. Methods: This study was conducted in Irbid District, in northern Jordan, a region located 31 degrees north of the equator, with a stable, subtropical climate. In this case control study, 96 adult subjects presenting with pterygium were interviewed and compared to 192 control subjects who were group‐matched for age and sex. A standard questionnaire and eye examination were completed for both groups. Results: There was a strong positive association between pterygium and environmental factors. The most striking increase in the risk of pterygium occurred in subjects who worked outdoors compared to those who worked indoors, with an odds ratio of 5.47. Current and previous sunlight exposures were associated with a higher risk of developing pterygium, with odds ratios of 3.54 and 4.52, respectively. Previous use of sunglasses represented a protective element, but the protective role of recent use of sunglasses was not statistically significant. Conclusion: There is a statistically significant association between outdoor work, sunlight exposure and pterygium formation. Efforts should be made to educate outdoor workers to wear sunglasses and brimmed hats. Public education should focus on avoidance of unnecessary sunlight exposure.
Persistent social dysfunction in anxious and depressed patients with personality disorder
Authors: Seivewright H. , Tyrer P. , Johnson T. 
Published: December 2004

Objective:  To determine the long‐term social function of psychiatric patients with anxiety and depressive disorders and to relate this to personality status and other factors.Method:  A cohort of 210 patients (mean age 35 years) with dysthymic disorder, generalized anxiety disorder or panic disorder diagnosed using a structured interview (SCID) were assessed at baseline for personality status using the Personality Assessment Schedule (PAS) and ratings of anxiety and depression. Exactly 12 years later social function was assessed using the Social Functioning Questionnaire (SFQ) and personality reassessed with the PAS by a rater blind to initial personality status. Individual social function items were examined in those with and without personality disorders.Results:  Social function was significantly better in those with little or no baseline personality disturbance (P < 0.001) and the domains of close relationships, stress in completing tasks, use of spare time and family relationships showed the largest personality differences. A multiple linear regression model showed that self‐rated depression scores, single marital status and personality status were the main baseline variables predicting social function at 12 years.Conclusion:  Although personality characteristics may change over time social dysfunction persists and persistent social dysfunction in mental state disorders may be a strong indicator of personality disturbance rather than an indicator of treatment resistance.
Suitability for psychoanalytic psychotherapy: a review
Authors: Valbak K. 
Published: December 2004

Objective:  To review empirical studies on outpatients’ pretherapy suitability for psychoanalytic psychotherapy.Method:  A literature search for studies in English was made in the databases MEDLINE, PsychInfo and EM‐base. Forty‐one studies spanning 20 years were selected for a thorough evaluation.Results:  Seventy‐five per cent of the studies concerned brief dynamic psychotherapy. In general, application of single measures of suitability had a modest predictive value with correlations in the range of 0.17–0.73. There was no consistent difference between various formats of therapies. Most promising variables with the highest correlations with good outcome were: ‘good quality of object relations’, ‘psychological mindedness’ and ‘motivation for change’. Some clinical guidelines can be drawn from quantitative research to provide the therapist with best method and format.Conclusion:  The importance of psychological variables known from the development of the brief dynamic therapies and earlier research was confirmed. Most correlations were modest and single factors could not be identified. Multivariate designs that combine different methods and formats with patient characteristics seem most promising in future predictor‐outcome research.
Panic attacks and psychopathology among youth
Authors: Goodwin R. D. , Gotlib I. H. 
Published: December 2004

Objective:  To determine the association between panic attacks and mental disorders among youth in the community.Method:  Data were drawn from the Methods for the Epidemiology of Child and Adolescent Mental Disorders study (n = 1285), a community‐based sample of youth aged 9–17. Multiple logistic regression analyses were used to determine the association between panic attacks and the range of mental disorders, diagnosed with the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children 2.3.Results:  Panic attacks were prevalent among 3.3% of the sample. Panic attacks were associated with an increased likelihood of any anxiety disorders [OR = 4.6 (2.5, 8.5)] and any affective disorder [OR = 5.8 (2.8, 11.7)], as well as social phobia [OR = 2.3 (1.0, 5.4)], specific phobia [OR = 3.4 (1.1, 10.1)], agoraphobia [OR = 2.9 (1.1, 7.6)], generalized anxiety disorder [OR = 4.8 (1.9, 12.1)], separation anxiety disorder [OR = 3.1 (1.3, 7.7)], major depression [OR = 3.6 (1.6, 8.3)], dysthymia [OR = 6.7 (2.9, 15.5)], and hypomania [OR = 26.1 (5.5, 124.1)].Conclusion:  These data are consistent with, and extend, previous clinical findings by showing that panic attacks are associated with increased likelihood of a range of affective and anxiety disorders, but not substance use disorders, among youth in the community. The use of longitudinal study designs in future investigations may be useful in increasing our understanding of the mechanisms underlying these associations.
The role of age in the development of Schneiderian symptoms in patients with a first psychotic episode
Authors: González‐Pinto A. , van Os J. , Peralta V. , Pérez de Heredia J. L. , Mosquera F. , Aldama A. , González C. , Gutiérrez M. , Micó J. A. 
Published: December 2004

Objective:  The likelihood of developing psychotic symptoms greatly increases after puberty. In acute psychotic disorders, first rank symptoms (FRS) are prevalent and considered useful for the diagnostic process. The aim of this study was to test for a linear association between age and the probability of occurrence of FRS in patients with a first psychotic episode (FPE).Method:  A total of 112 patients, consecutively admitted with an FPE, were included at baseline and evaluated yearly over a 3‐year period using SCID‐I and a checklist of 11 items of FRS.Results:  FRS were documented for 65.2% patients at baseline. There was a dose–response relationship in the association between age and FRS. There was no interaction with sex or with final diagnostic category.Conclusion:  Variation in the expression of the core positive symptoms of psychosis is subject to the influence of underlying age‐dependent maturational processes both in terms of occurrence and level of severity.
Teaching Statistical Consulting Before Statistical Methodology
Authors: Taplin Ross H. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThis paper outlines and discusses the advantages of an ‘Introduction to Statistical Consulting’ course (ISC) that exposes students to statistical consulting early in their studies. The course is intended for students before, or while, they study their units in statistical techniques, and assumes only a first‐year introductory statistics unit. The course exposes undergraduate students to the application of statistics and helps develop statistical thinking. An important goal is to introduce students to work as a statistician early in their studies because this motivates some students to study statistics further and provides a framework to motivate the learning of further statistical techniques. The ISC has proved popular with students, and this paper discusses the reasons for this popularity and the benefits of an ISC to statistical education and the statistics profession.
A New Measure of Kurtosis Adjusted for Skewness
Authors: Blest David C. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractStudies of kurtosis often concentrate on only symmetric distributions. This paper identifies a process through which the standardized measure of kurtosis based on the fourth moment about the mean can be written in terms of two parts: (i) an irreducible component, about L4, which can be seen to occur naturally in the analysis of fourth moments; (ii) terms that depend only on moments of lower order, in particular including the effects of asymmetry attached to the third moment about the mean. This separation of the effect of skewness allows definition of an improved measure of kurtosis. This paper calculates and discusses examples of the new measure of kurtosis for a range of standard distributions.
The General Multivariate Gauss—Markov Model of the Incomplete Block Design
Authors: Oktaba Wiktor 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe aim of the paper is to generalize testing and estimation for the multivariate standard incomplete block model (Rao & Mitra, 1971a) to the general multivariate Gauss—Markov incomplete block model with singular covariance matrix. The results of this paper can be applied to particular cases of the multivariate Gauss—Markov incomplete block model, including the Zyskind—Martin model.
Sequential Procedure For Fixed Accuracy Estimation of the Population Size in Recapture Sampling
Authors: Yip Paul S.F. , Fang Xiangzhong , Zhou Yong , Wang Yan 
Published: December 2004

AbstractA sequential procedure is constructed to provide a fixed‐accuracy estimator for the number of faults in a system. This paper focuses on the case when faults are homogeneous. However, the method can be adapted to other models by choosing a more robust estimator. The accuracy of the estimator depends on the failure intensity, the length of testing period and the total number of faults in the system. Simulations illustrate the performance of the proposed procedure. The method is applied to an information system failure dataset.
Dot.Con: The Dangers of Cyber Crime and a Call for Proactive Solutions
Authors: Granville Johanna 
Published: December 2004

Books reviewed in this article:Howard R. Davia, Fraud 101: Techniques and Strategies for DetectionWilliam Hutchinson and Matthew Warren, Information Warfare: Corporate Attack and Defense in a Digital WorldPeter Lilley, Dirty Dealing: The Untold Truth About Global Money LaunderingAbraham D. Sofaer and Seymour E. Goodman, eds., The Transnational Dimension of Cyber Crime and TerrorismGuy Stessens, Money Laundering: A New International Law Enforcement Model
Significance of detecting insulin‐like growth factor binding protein‐1 in cervicovaginal secretions: comparison with nitrazine test and amniotic fluid volume assessment
Authors: Erdemoglu Evrim , Mungan Tamer 
Published: December 2004

Objectives.  The diagnosis of premature rupture of membranes (PROM) is sometimes challenging, and common diagnostic tests are of limited value in the diagnosis. We aimed to study the accuracy of detecting insulin‐like growth factor binding protein‐1 (IGFBP‐1) in vaginal fluid by a rapid dipstick method in comparison with the nitrazine test and amniotic fluid index (AFI) and we studied the predictivity of these methods on the latency of pregnancy in patients with suspected PROM.Material and method.  One hundred and fifty‐one patients (36 definite PROM, 35 no PROM and 80 suspected PROM) at 20–42 weeks' gestation were included in the study. Patients with preterm labor and PROM, patients at <20 gestational weeks, and those with multiple pregnancies were excluded. IGFBP‐1 in the cervicovaginal fluid was measured by a rapid dipstick method (PROM test). AFI was measured by the four‐quadrant method and an AFI of <80 mm was considered as oligohydroamnios.Results.  The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of the nitrazine test, the PROM test and AFI were 97, 16 and 56%, 97, 97 and 97% and 94, 91 and 92%, respectively. The nitrazine test results were affected by vaginal discharge but the PROM test results were not affected. Only a positive PROM test was associated with delivery within 7 days [odds ratio (OR) 12; 95% confidence interval (CI) 4.2–35, p < 0.001].Conclusion.  The dipstick method of detecting IGFBP‐1 in the vaginal fluid is a rapid, reliable and noninvasive method. The PROM test is the most accurate diagnostic test and predictor of latency in patients with suspected PROM.