bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expression levels of H‐type α(1,2)‐fucosyltransferase gene and histo‐blood group ABO gene corresponding to hematopoietic cell differentiation
Authors: Hosoi Eiji , Hirose Masao , Hamano Shuichi 
Published: March 2003

BACKGROUND
: The expression of ABO antigens on the surface of RBCs is regulated by
ABO gene‐encoded ABO transferase activity after the formation of the H antigen. The molecular mechanisms that control the expression of the ABO blood group antigens along with erythroid differentiation are one of the most important subjects of study in transfusion science. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS
: FUT1(H), ABO, and β
2
‐microglobulin mRNA were determined by semiquantitative RT‐PCR from 27 hematopoietic cultured cell lines showing various differentiation stages and cell lineages and normal PBMNCs. The expression level of each cell was analyzed with computer software (Image, NIH) and was shown as the ratio of ABO mRNA or H mRNA to β
2 ‐microglobulin mRNA. The H antigen was also determined by immunocytochemical methods with flow cytometry in some cell lines. RESULTS : The highest expression of H mRNA was found in KOPM‐28 and HEL cell lines and a lower expression was found in the mature cells. In contrast, it was observed that H antigen expression began at the level of HEL and PL‐21 cells and increased with cell maturation. The highest expression of ABO mRNA was found in K‐562 and KOPM‐28 cell lines and it decreased along with cell maturation. CONCLUSION
: Based on these results, it is concluded that the transcription of both
H
and
ABO genes starts early in immature peripheral blood progenitor cells but gradually decreases during cellular maturation and also that the H antigen maintains a high level of expression thereafter. These results may reflect the active synthesis of H and ABO antigens in normal hematopoietic peripheral blood progenitor cells.
Modulations of anti‐D affinity following promiscuous binding of the heavy chain with naïve light chains
Authors: St‐Amour Isabelle , Proulx Chantal , Lemieux Réal , Bazin Renée 
Published: March 2003

BACKGROUND : It is generally accepted that the antibody heavy (H) chain is more important than the light (L) chain for determining antigen specificity. In the case of anti‐D, the predominant role of H chains in antigen binding is well recognized, but much less is known about the function of L chains. In this work, the contribution of L chains from non‐D‐immunized donors to the specificity and reactivity of anti‐Ds was studied with L‐chain shuffling. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS : A kappa L chain library was recombined with the H chain of the 43F10 anti‐D in a phagemid vector system (pComb3H, Scripps Institute). D‐specific F(ab) phages were selected by panning on RBCs. Soluble F(ab)s were prepared, and their reactivity was assessed by RBC agglutination. The nucleotide and amino acid sequences of the variable region of the L chains were analyzed. RESULTS : The L chains of the six D‐specific 43F10 F(ab) clones studied used five different germline genes from three Vκ families and three different Jκ segments. The L chains were all cationic with isoelectric points ranging from 8.1 to 10.2. CONCLUSION : The 43F10 anti‐D H chain could bind promiscuously to a diversity of L chains from non‐D‐immunized donors without losing the D‐antigen specificity. Relationships between the anti‐D affinity and the cationic charge of the L chain as well as with the presence of an arginine residue in the L‐chain complementarity‐determining region 1 were observed.
Increased Dispersion of Refractoriness in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation in the Early Postoperative Period after Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting
Authors: SOYLU MUSTAFA , DEMIR AHMET DURAN , ÖZDEMIR ÖZCAN , SOYLU ÖZER , TOPALOĞLU SERKAN , KUNT AYŞEGÜL , SASMAZ ALI , KORKMAZ ŞULE , TAŞDEMIR OĞUZ 
Published: March 2003

Preoperative EP Characteristics of Post‐CABG AF. Introduction: Increased atrial effective refractory period (AERP) dispersion is well correlated with vulnerability to atrial fibrillation (AF). However, the preoperative electrophysiologic characteristics of atrial abnormalities that may play an important role in the development of AF postoperatively in patients with coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) have not been investigated in detail.
Methods and Results: Fifty‐six consecutive patients who underwent CABG were enrolled in this study. Eighteen patients (14 men and 4 women; mean

age 57.7 ± 5.2 years

) with AF in the early postoperative period and 38 patients (28 men and 10 women; mean

age 56.3 ± 6.4 years

) without AF were compared with regard to preoperative clinical, echocardiographic, angiographic, and electrophysiologic parameters. Preoperative PA interval and AERP dispersion values were higher

(P < 0.05)

in patients who developed AF in the early postoperative period. PA interval (

P < 0.05

, odds ratio = 1.64, 95% confidence interval 1.17–2.30), AERP in the high right atrium (AERPHRA;

P < 0.05

, odds ratio = 0.94, 95% confidence interval 0.91–0.97), AERP in the right posterolateral atrium (AERPRPL;

P < 0.05

, odds ratio = 0.79, 95% confidence interval 0.63–0.98), AERP in the distal coronary sinus (AERPDCS;

P < 0.05

, odds ratio = 0.84, 95% confidence interval 0.74–1.02), and AERP dispersion (

P < 0.001

, odds ratio = 1.29, 95% confidence interval 1.12–1.47) were independently related to post‐CABG AF in univariate analysis. Increases in preoperative PA interval and AERP dispersion were found to be associated with a high risk for development of post‐CABG AF.
Conclusion: AERP dispersion is a suitable electrophysiologic indicator for atrial vulnerability. The presence of increased preoperative AERP dispersion and PA interval may indicate patients at high risk for development of AF in the early postoperative period after coronary artery bypass grafting.
Hayden White: The Form of the Content
Authors: Partner Nancy 
Published: March 2003

Hayden White's perhaps richest and most profoundly argued book,The Content of the Form, touches many nerves in the American historicalprofession. The entirety of the book, from its premises through its most thoughtful exegeses of historical writing, insists that linguistic form is the primary carrier of content in historical writing, indeed, in historical knowledge. This insistence on a respectful and careful attention tothe formal usages of nonfiction prose, truth‐claiming language, goes well against the grain of American tastes. As de Tocqueville presciently and correctly predicted, when Americans take to literature in a serious way, they won't have much patience with precise matters of form.Hayden White's narrative theory has had uphill work to penetrate this pervasive indifference, especially among historians.He has been joined in recent decades by Paul Ricoeur, whose Time andNarrative, beginning from different premises and a slightly different question, arrives at a sympathetic and complementary analysis of historical narrative. In spite of White's published hesitations about the political/philosophical tendencies of Ricoeur's work, I amconvinced that their books are mutually supporting and, in an important cultural sense, belong together.Altogether, however, I do feel that the main import and justification of this presentessay must rest on my quite serious reading of Hayden White's best joke, a profound shaggy dog story about the historian monk of St. Gall.
The Cage of Nature: Modernity's History in Japan
Authors: Thomas Julia Adeney 
Published: March 2003

“The Cage of Nature” focuses on the concept of nature as a way to rethink Japanese and European versions of modernity and the historical tropes that distance “East” from “West.” This essay begins by comparing Japanese political philosopher Maruyama Masao and his contemporaries, Max Horkheimer and Theodor Adorno. Both sets of authors define modernity as the moment when humanity overcomes nature, but Maruyama longs for this triumph while Horkheimer and Adorno deplore its consequences. Maruyama insists that Japan has failed to attain the freedom promised by modernity because it remains in the thrall of nature defined in three ways: as Japan's deformed past, as the mark of Japan's tragic difference from “the West,”and as Japan's accursed sensuality, shackling it to uncritical bodily pleasures. In short, Maruyama sees Japan as trapped in the cage of nature.My argument is that Maruyama's frustration arises from the trap set by modern historiography, which simultaneously traces the trajectory of modernity from servile Nature to freedom of Spirit and at the same time bases the identity of the non‐Western world on its closeness to nature. In other words, nature represents both the past and the East, an impossible dilemma for an Asian nationalist desirous of liberty. By revising our historical narratives to take into account the ways in which Western modernity continued to engage versions of nature, it becomes possible to reposition Japan and “the East” within modernity's history rather than treating them as the Other.
True Spreads and Equilibrium Prices
Authors: Ball Clifford A. , Chordia Tarun 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACTStocks and other financial assets are traded at prices that lie on a fixed grid determined by the minimum tick size. Observed prices and quoted spreads do not correspond to the equilibrium prices and true spreads that would exist in a market with no minimum tick size. Using Monte Carlo Markov Chain methods, this paper estimates the equilibrium prices and true spreads. For large stocks, most of the quoted spread is attributable to the rounding of prices and the adverse selection component is small. The true spread and the adverse selection component are greater for mid‐sized stocks.
Evaluating Mutual Fund Performance
Authors: Kothari S. P. , Warner Jerold B. 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACTWe study standard mutual fund performance measures, using simulated funds whose characteristics mimic actual funds. We find that performance measures used in previous mutual fund research have little ability to detect economically large magnitudes (e.g., three percent per year) of abnormal fund performance, particularly if a fund's style characteristics differ from those of the value‐weighted market portfolio. Power can be substantially improved, however, using event‐study procedures that analyze a fund's stock trades. These procedures are feasible using time‐series data sets on mutual fund portfolio holdings.
Engineering a Remote Survey of Jet's Divertor Structure Under Conditions of Restricted Access Using Digital Photogrammetry
Authors: Macklin B. , Brade R. , Hurd F. , Mills S. F , Sanders S. , Stokes R. , Tait J. 
Published: March 2003

JET (Joint European Torus) Joint Undertaking is currently planning to install its new Gasbox Divertor remotely. In line with JET's policy and philosophy, it was decided to survey the divertor structure remotely to confirm its position, shape and integrity prior to installing the new tile configuration. A survey to metrology standards with sub‐millimetre accuracy is required. While remote surveys have been carried out in the past, they have not been to this level of accuracy.Digital photogrammetry (the evolution of photogrammetry, using CCD cameras) in conjunction with “targetless” software was selected as being the most suitable technique. It was seen as the natural evolution of the survey techniques already developed for use at JET, as well as having the potential to assist in preparations for future remote handling operations. Photogrammetry requires a large number of retroreflective targets to ensure accurate results. Clearly it would not be practical to fit targets remotely to the divertor structure. However, a technique has been developed at JET which uses a combination of targeted and targetless photogrammetry. A number of frames fitted with targets will be remotely positioned on the divertor structure. When surveyed these targets allow accurate determination of camera positions. Specially developed software allows the selection of untargeted features of components in the digital pictures. Their co‐ordinates can be determined by triangulation from the known camera positions. Trials have shown that accuracy of ±0.6 mm is achievable.This paper will describe the development of this concept, the design of the necessary equipment, the testing to prove the accuracy and feasibility and the trials carried out in JET's In‐vessel Training Facility. These included remote handling of the six million pixel camera and other equipment, data handling and download via an ethernet link through the remote handling articulated boom, development of survey techniques, optimization of analysis techniques using coded targets for fast processing and finally the engineering assessment of the divertor structure based on survey results.
Likelihood Contour Method for the Calculation of Asymptotic Upper Confidence Limits on the Risk Function for Quantitative Responses
Authors: Banga Senin , Patil Ganapati P. , Taillie Charles 
Published: March 2003

This article develops a computationally and analytically convenient form of the profile likelihood method for obtaining one‐sided confidence limits on scalar‐valued functions ϕ = ϕ(ψ) of the parameters ψ in a multiparameter statistical model. We refer to this formulation as the likelihood contour method (LCM). In general, the LCM procedure requires iterative solution of a system of nonlinear equations, and good starting values are critical because the equations have at least two solutions corresponding to the upper and lower confidence limits. We replace the LCM equations by the lowest order terms in their asymptotic expansions. The resulting equations can be solved explicitly and have exactly two solutions that are used as starting values for obtaining the respective confidence limits from the LCM equations.This article also addresses the problem of obtaining upper confidence limits for the risk function in a dose‐response model in which responses are normally distributed. Because of normality, considerable analytic simplification is possible and solution of the LCM equations reduces to an easy one‐dimensional root‐finding problem. Simulation is used to study the small‐sample coverage of the resulting confidence limits.
A Fuzzy Methodology for Evaluation of the Liquefaction Potential
Authors: Chen J. W. , Chen C. Y. 
Published: March 2003

A methodolgy is presented in this paper in which geotechnical parameter uncertainty is modeled by fuzzy numbers and allowed to propagate in a deterministic model. Emphasis in this paper is placed on the liquefaction potential evaluation considering parameter uncertainty.Three deterministic models are used for liquefaction potential evaluation. For each of these models, uncertainty in soil parameters is modeled by fuzzy numbers, and liquefaction potential is analyzed. Study of historical cases using the presented methodology is conducted. Results of these case studies clearly demonstrate that uncertainty can easily be incorporated and handled in a routine liquefaction evaluation.
The Loss of the Certainty Effect
Authors: Stewart Richard E. , Stewart Barbara D. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractRecent changes in the commercial property‐liability insurance business have made it unlikely that large claims will be paid promptly and willingly. The situation is not limited to asbestos, pollution, and medical product liability, though certainly evident there. The authors examine the situation from three economic and psychological perspectives—option theory, asymmetric information theory, and prospect theory. All three indicate that if insurance were seen by customers as less than fully certain and reliable, the resulting discounting of its value—and hence buyers' willingness to pay for it—would be much deeper than one would expect. Although competitive and legal steps could be taken to head off such a disaster, none of them is likely.
Long‐Term Care Insurance Purchase Patterns
Authors: Doerpinghaus Helen I. , Gustavson Sandra G. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractGiven the aging population and high cost of long‐term care, many Americans are concerned about financing long‐term care services. Despite this concern, private long‐term care insurance policy sales have experienced slow growth. On average only about 7 percent of the population aged 65 and older has long‐term care insurance, but this percentage varies greatly across the states. In this study we test hypothesized relationships between purchase of long‐term care insurance and various explanatory factors. We provide evidence that state Medicaid nursing home expenditure levels and the relative sizes of the elderly population and the nursing home population are significant explanatory factors of purchase rates. We find no evidence that public–private partnership regulation, the quality of available facilities, or agent marketing controls affect purchase. Findings of the study are useful to insurers, legislators, regulators, and others involved in the public policy debate about financing long‐term care.
Incorporating Enterprise Risk Management Into the Curriculum: The Delta Air Lines Case Study
Authors: Nyce Charles 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThis article describes a group project that was designed and implemented in an MBA‐level corporate risk management class. The primary objective of this project is to integrate the concepts of enterprise risk management into the graduate‐level risk management and insurance curriculum. This project combines both traditional and innovative risk management techniques into one semester‐long group case study. The Delta Air Lines case study was divided into three segments to focus on three distinct objectives. The first component, identification of Delta's horizon risks, is designed to spur creative thinking among the groups. The second component, analysis of workers' compensation claims, is a very traditional risk management exercise in risk evaluation designed to utilize traditional statistical analysis techniques (specifically, trending). The third component is estimating both total loss distributions and layers of loss due to airline crashes for potential capital market risk financing alternatives. This component involves more innovative financial risk management techniques (i.e., distribution fitting and simulation analysis). The objective is to familiarize students with the current techniques being used to evaluate risks that are currently (or potentially) being securitized in the capital markets.
Alchemy in the image of the analyst
Authors: Allain‐Dupré Brigitte 
Published: March 2003

The author aims to demonstrate the activation in the transference relationship of a figure representing ‘sameness’ in a number of forms. In the first clinical vignette, she shows how a child projects his own difficulty symmetrically on to the analyst, with the aim of creating the conjunction of opposites which the psyche needs for its growth.During the archetypal reworking which adolescence provides we again find this figure of ‘sameness’ in the foreground, in the phase of homosexual object choice. A second clinical vignette shows how this figure of ‘sameness’ can be represented in the fantasy or the desire of becoming an analyst.The author puts forward the hypothesis that this fantasy represents an imago whose characteristics include being a tool for linking feeling and thinking in the inner world; it is constituted in the entre deux, the space between self and other, and, like Winnicott's transitional object, it facilitates the capacity to symbolize. Being ‘off centre’ with regard to infantile positions in relation to the parental imagos, this imago offers a vantage point for ‘evaluation’ (sich auseinandersetzen) and ‘consideration‘ (betrachten). Finally this imago is transistory, because its destiny is to be deconstructed (as shown in the third clinical vignette which concerns an adult patient), in order to be integrated through the work of analysis.
Rebirth fantasy and the psychoanalytic process
Authors: Sebek Michael 
Published: March 2003

In this paper, Jungian and Freudian perspectives on the fantasy of rebirth are explored and a brief review of the literature on the theme is used to show how that the rebirth fantasy seems to be a universal fantasy in the human mind, connected with the experience of both destruction and creation. In the psychoanalytic process the rebirth fantasy is connected with initial hopes for a better life, but is also a vehicle for creating the analytic pair and for separating from the ‘totalitarian object’.An account of clinical work with a patient is given to illustrate the mutual and parallel process of rebirth in both the patient and the therapist. For the patient, the therapy was experienced as an awakening or a birth. The therapist was initially doubtful about the patient’s capacity to engage in the analytic process but his involvement and interest were ‘born’ during the early sessions, enabling the patient to rely on him to lead her out of the claustrophobic power of the totalitarian object.
Finding the space between east and west: the emotional impact of teaching in St Petersburg
Authors: Crowther Catherine , Wiener Jan 
Published: March 2003

The paper describes our experience of teaching analytical psychology to a group of graduates of the East European Institute of Psychoanalysis in St Petersburg, our developing partnership as we struggled to teach and learn, each with our own assumptions, preconceptions and projections about the other, and the emotional impact of our radically different social, intellectual and political histories. We had to be affected to become effective. It draws on contemporary Jungian ideas to unpack the interpersonal dynamics involved when there are culturally different styles of learning, which created a complicated transference/countertransference matrix.We believe we have by now witnessed a process of individuation among our students and at the same time they too have witnessed some change and growth in us.
Arithmetic as Grammar
Authors: Brenner William 
Published: March 2003

What is a number? Using material from Wittgenstein’s 1930s lectures, I argue that this question expresses a disorientation best overcome by recollecting rules that govern the number words. Why do we have the rules we do? We may be persuaded to adopt one rule rather than another by experience, when experiment shows it to be the more convenient way; we may also be persuaded by the “experience” of a new aspect.Mathematics is a “motley of techniques” for doing certain things; religion is a certain spirit meant to pervade everything we do. An important likeness is that in both instruction is essentially grammatical.
Epistemic Communities and Environmental Groups
Authors: Toke Dave 
Published: March 2003

This article contests the view that environmental groups act mainly as megaphones for scientists. It asserts that environmental groups have an independent, often dominant role, in shaping norms that govern environmental policy. The theory of epistemic communities, as advanced by Haas, is analysed in the context of the whaling and CFC/ozone depletion issues. It is found that the alleged role of epistemic communities as legitimate bearers of truth has been exaggerated and that we need to develop environmental policy in a context of ‘post positivism’.
An Exocet in a Red Box: Parliamentary Accountability in the Sandline Affair
Authors: Polidano Charles 
Published: March 2003

In the UK, it is commonly proposed that the accountability gap resulting from ministers' reluctance to accept responsibility for departmental failures could be closed by giving parliamentary select committees stronger investigative powers. In the Sandline affair the Foreign Affairs Committee sought to take on such a role, notwithstanding that a separate external inquiry was already under way.This paper compares the two mechanisms of accountability. It concludes that committees are poorly suited to investigate high‐profile administrative failures because they are too influenced by party politics. Independent inquiries are better for the purpose (though improvements are needed here too). A parliamentary resolution gave the inquiry primacy over the committee in the Sandline case. This may become an important precedent.