bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Qualitative and Comparative Study of APORT Apple Peel Based on UPLC‐Q‐TOF‐MS Technology and Fruit Peel Comparison of Different Provenances
Authors: Dong Xinyue , Bai Ge , Amantay Alzhan , Zhang Xiaoyu , Zhao Haiqi , Ma Xiaofeng , Liu Zhongbo 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTObjectiveThis study aimed to qualitatively study the main chemical components of apple peel in APORT, Kazakhstan, by ultra‐performance liquid chromatography‐quadrupole‐time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (UPLC‐Q‐TOF‐MS/MS) and to compare the components of apple peels with different provenances.MethodsAn ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 (100 mm × 2.1 mm, 1.8 μm) column was used with 0.1% formic acid water (A)–acetonitrile (B) as the mobile phase and gradient elution at a flow rate of 0.2 mL/min and a column temperature of 40°C. Mass spectrometry analysis was performed using the ESI positive and negative ion modes to acquire the data.ResultsWith the Mass Lynx 4.2 workstation, online database, retention time of chromatographic peaks of each compound, and secondary fragmentation law, 14 compounds were identified from APORT apple peel extraction samples for the first time, and the main component categories included flavonols, organic acids, dihydrochalcones, terpenes, flavanols, etc., and caffeic acid, crataegolic acid, quinine acid, and quercitrin were found to be unique in APORT apple peel.
Middle‐aged man with primary hyperparathyroidism‐associated psychosis: A case report
Authors: Shinkawa Kota , Mashimoto Masaya , Matsubara Toshio , Kaneyuki Hiroshi , Nakagawa Shin 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundPrimary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) with mild hypercalcemia (Ca <12 mg/dL) often remains asymptomatic. However, PHPT may induce various psychiatric symptoms, including depression, cognitive dysfunction, and infrequently, psychotic symptoms, predominantly in older adults rather than in middle‐aged or younger individuals.Case‐presentationA 48‐year‐old man, with no history of physical or mental illness, experienced delusions about a suspicious car in his neighborhood, believing it was linked to criminal activity. This led to his being taken into custody after harming himself and his family. He was admitted for psychiatric evaluation and diagnosed with PHPT after mild hypercalcemia was discovered. He was initially treated medically for the mild hypercalcemia; however, only his disorientation showed improvement, and his broader psychiatric symptoms persisted. His delusions ceased only after surgical intervention. Following discharge, he remained symptom‐free without requiring antipsychotic medication.ConclusionThis case highlights the importance of considering PHPT in patients of any age presenting with psychosis, even with mild hypercalcemia. Surgical options for patients with PHPT should be considered when medical interventions fail.
Muscarinic receptor blockade with oxybutynin reduces spontaneous and induced uterine muscle contractions
Authors: Visco Anthony G. , Visco Zachary R. , Grotegut Chad A. , Linde Cristina , Westfall Timothy , Jayes Friederike L. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractObjectiveThe uterus and the bladder have striking physiologic and anatomic similarities. Anticholinergic medications are commonly used to treat “overactive bladder” by targeting M2 and M3 muscarinic receptors. The uterus also contains M2 and M3 muscarinic receptors; however, current management of preterm labor does not target these receptors. We assessed whether muscarinic blockade with oxybutynin reduces both spontaneous and oxytocin‐induced uterine muscle contractions.Study DesignLongitudinal strips of uterine tissue from pregnant rats (17–19 days gestation) were mounted on an isometric test apparatus to directly measure uterine muscle contractions. The effect of cumulatively higher concentrations of oxybutynin (100 nM to 100 uM) on both spontaneous and on oxytocin‐induced (1 nM) uterine muscle contractility was tested. We measured both the area under the curve (AUC) and the frequency of the uterine muscle contractions compared to water vehicle control. Measurements are presented as a percentage of baseline. Two‐Way ANOVA with Dunnett's post hoc test was performed.ResultsUterine muscle strips harvested from pregnant rats consistently showed spontaneous muscle contractions. Oxybutynin resulted in a statistically significant decrease in both spontaneous uterine muscle strength (AUC) and contraction frequency compared to vehicle controls at concentrations ≥10 µM. Oxytocin‐induced uterine muscle contractions were also affected by oxybutynin. At concentrations ≥10 µM, uterine muscle strength (AUC) was reduced (p < 0.01), but no difference was observed in contraction frequency compared to controls.ConclusionsOxybutynin significantly reduces spontaneous uterine muscle contraction strength (AUC) and contraction frequency in our animal ex vivo model. It reduces oxytocin‐induced uterine muscle contraction strength (AUC) but not contraction frequency. Antimuscarinic agents warrant future clinical investigation and may represent a novel treatment of preterm labor and “overactive uterus.”
Psychometric Properties of the Persian Version of PID5BF + M in Iranian Drug Users
Authors: Abdolahpur M. Amin , Bach Bo , Lotfi Mozhgan , Hamraz Iman , Amini Mahdi 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundThis study aimed to adapt and evaluate the psychometric properties of the PID5BF + M as a brief measure for assessing DSM‐5 and ICD‐11 personality disorder traits in Iranian drug users. The sample consisted of 380 participants, including both clinical (28.68%) and nonclinical (71.32%) groups, with 43.7% female participants. All participants completed the Personality Inventory for DSM‐5 and ICD‐11 Brief Form–Modified (PID5BF + M), the Symptom Checklist‐25 (SCL‐25), the Brief Five‐Factor Inventory (BFI‐10), the Level of Personality Functioning Scale–Brief Form (LPFS‐BF 2.0), and the Alcohol, Smoking, and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST).ResultsThe findings revealed that the PID5BF + M demonstrates strong psychometric properties, with a six‐factor structure that is culturally appropriate for the Iranian population. Significant associations were found between the ICD‐11/DSM‐5 traits and both internalizing and externalizing symptoms, as well as with normal personality factors.ConclusionsThe PID5BF + M appears to be a valid and reliable tool for assessing DSM‐5 and ICD‐11 personality disorder traits in Iranian drug users, showing promising potential for use in clinical and research settings within this cultural context.
Investigating the threat to Sitka spruce from Ips typographus: discrimination and colonization of Britain's principal commercial conifer by a damaging forest pest
Authors: Inward Daegan , Vuts Jozsef , Thomas Gareth , Barnard Kerry , Caulfield John C. , Powers Stephen J. , Uglow Ana , Reed Katy 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBACKGROUNDIps typographus (L.), the eight‐toothed spruce bark beetle (Coleoptera: Scolytinae), has devastated European Norway spruce (Picea abies) forests in recent years. For the first time, I. typographus has established localized breeding populations in Britain, where Sitka spruce (P. sitchensis) is a critical component of plantation forestry. The interactions between Norway spruce and I. typographus are well understood, but relatively little is known about the susceptibility of Sitka spruce to the beetle. This study aimed to determine whether I. typographus would select Sitka, compared to Norway spruce, as a host for breeding, and to study the chemical ecology underlying these host preferences.RESULTSHost choice assays were conducted in the laboratory using freshly cut spruce logs, and then verified in the field in an area with an endemic population of I. typographus. Overall, colonization and breeding success were found to be similar in cut Sitka and Norway spruce material. The response of I. typographus, reared on both Norway and Sitka spruce, to headspace extracts of aged and fresh Norway and Sitka spruce material was tested behaviorally using four‐arm olfactometry. Odors of aged wood from the two species were equally attractive, and fresh Sitka was more attractive than fresh Norway spruce. Antennal responses to Norway Spruce and Sitka Spruce headspace extracts were located using GC‐EAG and identified by coupled GC‐mass spectrometry and GC co‐injection with authentic standards. Norway‐ and Sitka spruce‐reared beetles did not differentiate between synthetic Norway or Sitka spruce blends and responded similarly.CONCLUSIONThese findings suggest I. typographus will select and colonize cut Sitka as readily as cut Norway spruce, with implications for its establishment risk in Sitka‐growing regions. Whilst the susceptibility of live Sitka trees remains unclear, the study advances the understanding of the role of both host‐emitted volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in primary host location and induced host preference in host selection by I. typographus. © 2025 Crown copyright and The Author(s). Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry. This article is published with the permission of the Controller of HMSO and the King's Printer for Scotland.
DFT and TD‐DFT Study of Benzodithiophene‐Based Donor Materials with Enhanced Optoelectronic Attributes for Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Mubarik Adeel , Shafiq Faiza , Ju Xue‐Hai 
Published: January 2025

AbstractDFT and TD‐DFT methodologies were applied to study seven new donor (T1–T7) compounds based on benzodithiophene (BDT) for organic solar cells (OSCs). The newly designed molecules (T1–T7) were computationally analyzed and compared with reference molecules (TR) to investigate their geometrical, photovoltaic, and optoelectronic properties. These analyses included evaluations of the compounds' frontier molecular orbital (FMO), density of state (DOS), electron density distribution pattern, open circuit voltage (Voc), absorption spectra, charge mobility, and transition density matrices (TDM). In comparison to other structures studied, the optoelectronic properties of the suggested structure T1 in chloroform solvent were the most improved, having a smaller band gap (3.75 eV), a greater maximum absorbance (543 nm), and lower excitation energy (2.28 eV). In comparison to TR, Voc is high for every constructed molecule which results significant efficiency of organic solar cell. As a result, every computed property strongly supports the potential of our proposed molecules in solar energy applications.
Effects of Unit Cell Size on Thermal Conductivity in Two Different Polymorphs of Niobium Diselenide
Authors: Park Sungjin , Kim Kyomin , Kim Kwangrae , Lee Wooyoung , Soon Aloysius , Roh Jong‐wook , Kim Woochul 
Published: January 2025

Abstract2D materials possess weak inter‐layer van der Waals bonding, allowing them to exist as different polymorphs depending on the stacking sequence of the layers. Herein, the thermal conductivities of the 2H‐NbSe2 and 2H‐3R‐NbSe2 polymorphs by conducting experimental measurements and theoretical analysis are comparatively studied. Owing to its 1.8 times larger unit cell, 2H‐3R‐NbSe2 has a considerably greater number of optical phonon branches than does 2H‐NbSe2, suggesting that 2H‐3R‐NbSe2 absorbs thermal energy rather than transporting it. In addition, scattering is more likely to occur in 2H‐3R‐NbSe2 because a far greater number of states satisfy the selection rule. As a result of these, the 2H‐3R‐NbSe2 has considerably lower thermal conductivity than that of the 2H‐NbSe2. The results highlight how the size of the unit cell affects the thermal conductivities of polymorphs.
Surveillance of SARS‐CoV‐2 in Pets of Harris County, Texas, Revealed More Common Pet Infections in Households With Human COVID‐19 Cases
Authors: Smith Sarah J. , Sullivan Brendan , Hall Amanda , Auckland Lisa , Tang Wendy , Hamer Gabriel , Hamer Sarah 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTLocal health departments can play a critical role in zoonoses surveillance at the human–domestic animal interface, especially when existing public health services and close relationships with community groups can be leveraged. Investigators at Harris County Veterinary Public Health employed a community‐based surveillance tool for identifying severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infections in dogs and cats in June‐–December 2021. Diagnosis was made using both RT‐qPCR testing of oral and nasal swabs and plaque reduction neutralization testing of serum samples. Recruitment for this free companion animal surveillance program occurred through the following two streams: case‐based and event‐based. The case‐based stream recruited companion animals of confirmed human COVID‐19 cases through the Harris County Public Health case investigations platform and used the information from epidemiological investigations of the owners to conduct further investigations of their pet(s). The event‐based stream recruited companion animals participating in free or low‐cost spay/neuter events at Harris County Pets Resource Center (HCPRC). A total of 97 animals were tested, with the case‐based and event‐based streams accounting for 36 and 61, respectively. A total of 13 animals (13.4%) tested seropositive including one that also had positive RT‐qPCR swabs. Of the positives, 11 (84.6%) were associated with a confirmed human case of SARS‐CoV‐2 living in the same household including one household with four out of the seven animals positive for SARS‐CoV‐2 neutralizing antibodies. These two surveillance methods employed at the local level emphasize the importance of the One Health approach and provide a model for future zoonoses surveillance systems.
Ozone disinfection of treated wastewater for inactivation of Cryptosporidium parvum for agricultural irrigation
Authors: Contreras‐Soto María B. , Castro‐del Campo Nohemí , Chaidez Cristobal , Velázquez‐García Flavio E. , González‐Gómez Jean P. , Martínez‐Rodríguez Célida I. , Gaxiola‐Montoya Joel , Castro‐del Campo Nohelia 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe reliance on agriculture in many nations has increased the use of treated wastewater for irrigation. However, reclaimed water still poses health risks from resistant pathogens like Cryptosporidium spp. Ozone, a strong disinfectant, has been used in water treatment. This study assessed the microbiological quality of treated wastewater for irrigation and evaluated ozone effectiveness in inactivating C. parvum oocysts. All samples contained Cryptosporidium spp., with 163 to 850 oocysts 100 L−1, and 50% contained viable oocysts. When C. parvum was exposed to different ozone residual concentrations (0.1, 0.8, and 1.3 mg L−1), oocyst viability reduction of 73%, 85%, and 99% and infectivity of 0.8, 1.36, and 2 Log10 was achieved. The predicted values for infectious oocysts were 4.19, 3.64, and 3.27, representing absolute counts of infective oocysts after ozone treatment. These findings demonstrate ozone's effectiveness in inactivating C. parvum in treated wastewater, supporting its potential for safe water reuse.Practitioner Points
All wastewater samples contained Cryptosporidium spp., with 163 to 850 oocysts per 100 L.
Wastewater had 50% contained viable oocysts.
Ozone concentrations (0.1, 0.8, 1.3 mg/l) achieved oocyst viability of 73.33%, 85.0%, and 99.4%, respectively.
The predicted values for infectious oocysts were 4.19, 3.64, and 3.27, respectively for each ozone concentration.
Effect of heat generation and chemical reaction on convective MHD flow of Jeffrey nanofluids in a porous medium
Authors: Khan Ilyas , Firdous Hina , Alshehery Sultan , Khan Waqar A. , Husnine S. M. , Khan Arshad 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThis study investigates the effects of heat generation and chemical reaction on Jeffrey nanofluid magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flow over a linearly stretching sheet. The Buongiorno model examines Brownian motion's and thermophoresis's effects on Jeffrey's nanofluid. The joint phenomenon of heat and mass transfer is considered with prescribed convective surface heating and diffusion. Visco‐elastic Jeffrey fluid model in a porous medium is developed in terms of highly nonlinear partial differential equations (NLPDEs), which upon similarity transformation is remodeled into nonlinear ordinary differential equations (NLODEs) with transformed boundary conditions. The problem is solved numerically using the shooting technique. The results are shown in several plots and discussed for embedded flow parameters. It has been found that magnetic parameters increased temperature and concentration, whereas they decreased velocity.
Elastodynamic interactions in thermoelastic diffusion including non‐local and phase lags
Authors: Sharma Saurav , Marin Marin , Altenbach Holm 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe current research shows both thermal and mechanical responses under non‐local and phase lag influences in a thermoelastic diffusive half space. After being transformed into a two‐dimensional instance, the governing equations become dimensionless. To analyze the issue, the Laplace transform and Fourier transform with regard to time and space coordinates are used. Chemical potential sources and ramp‐type tangential force are used to determine the problem's application. The converted form of physical field quantities, such as displacements, stresses, temperature changes, and chemical potential, are attained through analytical expression. Numerical inversion is used to find these piles in the physical domain. Silhouettes representing computed numerical quantities are used to illustrate the effects of phase delays and non‐local effects. Additionally, other specific instances are given. The issue is extremely important in many engineering and geoscience domains.
Hazards and Risks
Authors: Myklebust Thor , Stålhane Tor , Vatn Dorthea Mathilde Kristin 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter consists of four sections outlining how to deal with hazards and ongoing risk management. First, we elaborate on how to approach an analysis of a system’s hazards and implement and maintain a hazard log. Next, we elaborate on how ongoing risk management and dynamic risk analysis should ensure that high risk systems are under continuous monitoring and regular review. In the process of hazard identification and risk management, having clearly formulated risk tolerability criteria is paramount. Therefore, Sect. 12.3 outlines several approaches one could use for this purpose. When addressing a high risk system’s possible hazards and risk management strategies, it is important to also ensure the effective management and integration of the specific rules, limitations, and constraints that must be followed and monitored when using the system. The last section therefore outlines on safety-related application conditions (SRAC).
Artificial Intelligence (AI)
Authors: Myklebust Thor , Stålhane Tor , Vatn Dorthea Mathilde Kristin 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter first provides a section on artificial intelligence (AI) in high risk systems, giving an overview over the current progress in standards relating to this topic. Next, a section addresses explainable AI (XAI) both as a technical concept and as a concept that has evident human and organizational sides to it. Lastly, a section on the concept of safety of intended functionality (SOTIF) is provided as it addresses safety in AI-driven systems, especially autonomous vehicles. This approach helps mitigate risks from functional insufficiencies in AI algorithms, making it vital for deploying AI safely in high risk areas.
Peer-Unterstützung
Authors: Lammers Klara 
Published: January 2025

Zusammenfassung
Das Themenfeld Peer-Unterstützung bildet den zentralen inhaltlichen Bezugspunkt dieser Studie und stellt deshalb den Einstieg in die Arbeit dar. Ziele der nachfolgenden Kapitel sind zum einen eine Hinführung auf den konkreten Ansatz, der das empirische Feld für die qualitative Datenerhebung und -auswertung geboten hat, und zum anderen eine Einordnung vor dem Hintergrund des breiten Spektrums an Ansätzen und Herangehensweisen, die unter dem Peer-Begriff gefasst werden. Bestandteile der Unterkapitel sind daher zunächst eine Begriffsbestimmung, eine Skizzierung der historischen Entwicklungslinien in diesem Feld (Abschn. 2.1), zugrundeliegende theoretische Konzepte (Abschn. 2.2) und die Ausarbeitung einer Systematisierung des heterogenen Feldes, das unter ‚Peer-Unterstützung‘ subsumiert wird (Abschn. 2.3).
Darstellung der Ergebnisse
Authors: Lammers Klara 
Published: January 2025

Zusammenfassung
Die Struktur des Ergebnisteils orientiert sich an der Struktur der zu entwickelnden gegenstandsverankerten Theorie mit ihren dazugehörigen Haupt- und Subkategorien, die sich auf die im Methodikkapitel bereits skizzierte Kernkategorie beziehen. Vorab erfolgt jedoch in Abschnitt 5.1 und den dazugehörigen Unterkapiteln ein stärker deskriptiv angelegter Teil, der der empirischen Annäherung an die Peer-Begleitung im untersuchten Ansatz dient und ein für die weiterführenden Analysen notwendiges Verständnis der konkreten Ausgestaltung schafft.
Notfallplan im Bergbau und die zugehörigen Planspiele
Authors: Schön Wilhelm , Sifferlinger Nikolaus A. 
Published: January 2025

Zusammenfassung
In den Bergbaubetrieben Österreichs ist in den letzten Jahren das Unfallgeschehen immer geringer geworden.
Die Zahl von Bergbauunglücken ist klein. Unglücke in einem Bergbau können trotzdem nicht ausgeschlossen werden. Im Mineralrohstoffgesetz ist für Unfälle, gefährliche Ereignisse, sowie vernünftigerweise vorhersehbare Natur- und Industriekatastrophen ein Notfallplan aufzustellen.
Dieser Notfallplan wird hier besprochen.
Enhancing constrained MOEA/D with direct mating using hybrid mating strategies and diverse crossover methods
Authors: Kanazaki Masahiro , Toyoda Takeharu 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The direct mating strategy, which is a constraint-handling method in multi-objective evolutionary algorithms, selects a second parent on the basis of the optimal direction in the objective space, disregarding feasibility. This approach, although effective in early generations, encounters difficulties as solutions better than the current Pareto solutions become scarce, reducing diversity and hindering exploration. Herein, we introduce a hybrid approach that combines direct mating with newly proposed local mating strategies, aiming to generate offspring around the Pareto optimal solutions to improve the solution search performance via a direct mating strategy. Our method addresses the limitations of conventional direct mating, thereby improving its applicability to real-world design problems. Our hybrid strategy employs local mating to select an additional parent close to the initially chosen parent, preserving solution diversity and effectively exploring the solution space. This enhances the effectiveness of direct mating across all generations. In addition, we introduce two types of crossover methods, i.e., simulated binary crossover and differential evolution, for parents selected by direct and local mating, respectively. The synergy among these techniques facilitates a robust search process that can efficiently yield superior solutions. We evaluated the proposed approach using three mathematical problems with distinct Pareto fronts and two practical applications, including an aerospace design problem. The performances of these methods were assessed on the basis of the averages and standard deviations of the hypervolume and inverted generational distance metrics across multiple solution attempts to determine the average performances and the dependencies on initial population variance. The obtained results demonstrate that the hybrid method significantly outperforms the existing methods in the case of constrained multi-objective optimization. Specifically, the hybrid method yielded higher average hypervolumes and lower dependency on initial population variance than the existing methods. The hybrid method also yielded a lower average and less dependency on initial population variance in the inverted generational distance compared to existing methods. This result suggests that the proposed method can obtain high-quality non-dominated solutions, regardless of the initial population.