bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modeling and Optimization of Interference Limited Wireless Communications
Authors: Irmer Ralf , Fischer Andreas 
Published: December 2004

AbstractMultiple access interference (MAI) limits the system capacity of wireless communications systems applying code division multiple access (CDMA). Provided that channel knowledge is available in the transmitter, the transmitted signal can be preprocessed by multiuser transmission (MUT) methods. As optimization criterion, the bit error probability/rate (BER) is chosen. On the transmit signal, a limited power constraint is imposed, which is a quadratic function of the transmit signal. The nonlinear optimization problem is modeled in this paper. Unfortunately, the problem is non‐convex. However, with iterative nonlinear optimization methods like SQP, local minima can be found with a performance outperforming other MUT methods.The main remaining challenge are low‐complexity optimization algorithms to allow for a real‐time implementation in highdata rate wireless communications. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Second‐order sufficient optimality conditions for the optimal control of instationary Navier‐Stokes equations
Authors: Tröltzsch Fredi , Wachsmuth Daniel 
Published: December 2004

AbstractIn this article sufficient optimality conditions are established for optimal control of evolutionary Navier‐Stokes equations. The second‐order condition requires coercivity of the Lagrange function on a suitable subspace together with first‐order necessary conditions. It ensures local optimality of a reference function in a Ls‐neighborhood, whereby the underlying analysis allows to use weaker norms than L∞. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Prenatal sonographic delineation of the complex cardiac anatomy of thoraco‐omphalopagus twins
Authors: Tongsong T. , Khunamornpong S. , Piyamongkol W. , Chanprapaph P. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractWe describe a case of thoraco‐omphalopagus twins diagnosed at 18 weeks' gestation. Each twin had a separate set of anatomical structures except for a shared heart, upper liver and anterior chest wall. The heart was located at the center of the juncture, and consisted of three atria and two ventricles, each twin having a single ventricle and right atrium but a fused left atrium. A set of great arteries originated from each single ventricle and there was juxtaposition of the aortic and pulmonary valves. One twin had transposition of the great arteries, whereas in the other these were normal in configuration. There was only one umbilical cord which contained four vessels (two arteries and two veins). This case report demonstrates the possibility of using fetal echocardiography to delineate the cardiovascular complex of the conjoined heart. Copyright © 2005 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cardiac Rehabilitation Reduces the Rate of Major Adverse Cardiac Events after Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Dendale Paul , Berger Jan , Hansen Dominique , Vaes Johan , Benit Edouard , Weymans Maria 
Published: December 2004

Background: Despite multiple publications on effects of rehabilitation in cardiac patients, rehabilitation is not fully known to be of value in post-percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) patients. Aims: To investigate the influence of cardiac rehabilitation on the incidence of major adverse cardiac events (MACEs) in post-PCI patients. Methods: Retrospectively and nonrandomized 140 post-PCI patients (107 males, mean age 62 (7) years) participated in a 3-month rehabilitation program, starting 2 weeks post-PCI, while 83 post-PCI patients (54 males, mean age 68 (8) years) did not and were all followed up for 15 months. Data on cardiac medication prescription and incidence of MACE (including angina pectoris with or without reintervention, restenosis, myocardial infarction, revascularisation with re-PCI or CABG, and death) were collected. The relationship with cardiovascular risk factors including sex, smoking behaviour, obesity, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, familiar predisposition, and hypercholesterolemia was analysed. Results: The incidence of total MACE in the rehabilitation group is significantly lower than in the control group (24% vs. 42%, respectively; P<0.005). The incidence of documented restenosis, angina pectoris with resulting reintervention, all revascularisations, and death is significantly lower in the rehabilitation group, compared with the control group. Conclusion: The incidence of MACE and restenosis is significantly lower when PCI patients are included in a cardiac rehabilitation program.
Three autism candidate genes: a synthesis of human genetic analysis with other disciplines
Authors: Bartlett Christopher W. , Gharani Neda , Millonig James H. , Brzustowicz Linda M. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractAutism is a particularly complex disorder when considered from virtually any methodological framework, including the perspective of human genetics. We first present a review of the genetic analysis principles relevant for discussing autism genetics research. From this body of work we highlight results from three candidate genes, REELIN (RELN), SEROTONIN TRANSPORTER (5HTT), and ENGRAILED 2 (EN2) and discuss the relevant neuroscience, molecular genetics, and statistical results that suggest involvement of these genes in autism susceptibility. As will be shown, the statistical results from genetic analysis, when considered alone, are in apparent conflict across research groups. We use these three candidate genes to illustrate different problems in synthesizing results from non‐overlapping research groups examining the same problem.However, when basic genetic principles and results from other scientific disciplines are incorporated into a unified theoretical framework, at least some of the difficulties with interpreting results can be understood and potentially overcome as more data becomes available to the field of autism research. Integrating results from several scientific frameworks provides new hypotheses and alternative data collection strategies for future work.
Increase of pullout strength of spinal pedicle screws with conical core: Biomechanical tests and finite element analyses
Authors: Hsu Ching‐Chi , Chao Ching‐Kong , Wang Jaw‐Lin , Hou Sheng‐Mou , Tsai Ying‐Tsung , Lin Jinn 
Published: December 2004

AbstractScrew loosening can threaten pedicle screw fixation of the spine. Conical screws can improve the bending strength, but studies of their pullout strength as compared with that of cylindrical screws have shown wide variation. In the present study, polyurethane foam with two different densities (0.32 and 0.16 gm/cm3) was used to compare the pullout strength and stripping torque among three kinds of pedicle screws with different degrees of core tapering. Three‐dimensional finite element models were also developed to compare the structural performance of these screws and to predict their pullout strength. In the mechanical tests, pullout strength was consistently higher in the higher density foam and was closely related to screw insertion torque (r = 0.87 and 0.81 for the high and low density foam, respectively) and stripping torque (r = 0.92 and 0.78, respectively). Conical core screws with effective foam compaction had significantly higher pullout strength and insertion torque than cylindrical core screws (p < 0.05). The results of finite element analyses were closely related to those of the mechanical tests in both situations with or without foam compaction. This study led to three conclusions: polyurethane foam bone yielded consistent experimental results; screws with a conical core could significantly increase pullout strength and insertion torque over cylindrical; and finite element models could reliably reflect the results of mechanical tests. © 2004 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Madwomen in the Drawing-Room: Female Invalidism in Ellen Glasgow's Gothic Stories
Authors: DOMÍNGUEZ-RUÉ EMMA 
Published: December 2004

“Definitions belong to the definers, not the defined.” Toni Morrison, Beloved.Freud's psychoanalytic theories of fear of castration and penis-envy transformed woman into not-man, thus defining her as “other” and “lacking.” His studies also gave a sexual component to relationships among women, marking them as potentially lesbian and hence deviant. Medical men of Victorian England and America consciously or unconsciously helped to justify gender roles and women's seclusion in the domestic on the grounds that their specific physiology made them slaves of their reproductive system. As women's ovaries presumably controlled their lives and their behavior, genitals determined social roles, and doctors urged mothers to remind their daughters that any deviation from their “natural” and legitimate functions as wives and mothers could ruin their health forever. The cult of True Womanhood conveniently idealized maternity and defined the virtues of obedience, piety, and passivity as essentially feminine, while it condemned the desire for an education or the practice of birth control as unnatural and dangerous to women and to the whole of society. In the last decades of the nineteenth century, hysteria became the most fashionable of the so-called “female maladies” among middle- and upper-class women, a fact that illustrates how physicians failed to dissociate scientific evidence from social views of the period. Victorian psychologists and gynecologists mimicked contemporary male attitudes, which sanctioned the doctrine of separate spheres, while affectionate bonds between women were regarded with suspicion, as they could lead to homosexuality.
A longitudinal study of quality of life outcomes in older adults requesting implant prostheses and complete removable dentures
Authors: Allen P. F. , McMillan A. S. 
Published: December 2004

Abstract: A longitudinal clinical trial involving 103 subjects was undertaken to assess the impact of oral implant therapy on the psychosocial well‐being of subjects with complete denture wearing problems. There were four experimental groups: (1) an implant group, where subjects were edentulous/edentate in one jaw and requested and received implants to retain an oral prosthesis (IG); (2) subjects edentulous/edentate in one jaw requesting implants but who received conventional dentures (CDG1); (3) edentulous subjects requesting replacement of their dentures by conventional means (CDG2); (4) dentate subjects requiring routine treatment, who were included for comparison. Data were collected in each group pre‐ and post‐treatment using validated oral specific [the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP)], and generic (the SF36) health status measures. Subjects in IG, CDG1 and CDG2 also completed a denture satisfaction scale.IG and CDG1 subjects reported that tooth loss and denture wearing problems had a much greater impact on their quality of life than subjects seeking conventional dentures. Dentate subjects had a much better oral health status compared with denture‐wearing subjects. Following treatment, subjects who received implant‐retained prostheses (IG) reported a significant improvement in satisfaction and health‐related quality of life, as did subjects who requested and received conventional dentures (CDG2). Subjects who requested implants, but received conventional dentures (CDG1), reported little improvement in denture satisfaction and only modest improvement in their quality of life. None of the denture‐wearing subjects reported health‐related quality of life that was as good as that of dentate subjects. The findings have significant implications in the assessment of outcomes in future clinical trials.
Influence of smoking on marginal bone loss and tooth loss – a prospective study over 20 years
Authors: Jansson Leif , Lavstedt Stig 
Published: December 2004

AbstractAims:  The aim was to investigate the influence of smoking on longitudinal marginal bone loss and tooth loss in a prospective study over 20 years. In addition, the effect of cessation of smoking on bone loss and the interaction between smoking, plaque and marginal bone loss were evaluated.Material and Methods:  A total of 507 dentate individuals from an epidemiological study were examined in 1970 and 1990. The clinical investigation included registration of number of remaining teeth and presence of plaque. The marginal bone level was determined by assessments on the proximal surfaces on the radiographs from 1970 and 1990. The marginal bone loss was defined as the difference in marginal bone level over 20 years. The subjects were interviewed about smoking habits. Stepwise multiple regression analyses were adopted to calculate the influence of the independent variables on longitudinal marginal bone loss and tooth loss.Results:  In 1970, 50.7% of the subjects were smokers, while the corresponding relative frequency in 1990 had decreased to 31.0%. Smoking was significantly correlated to an increased marginal bone loss over 20 years. Individuals who stopped smoking between 1970 and 1990 lost significantly less marginal bone during this period than those who declared that they smoked during the 20‐year period. Smoking was not found to be significantly correlated to tooth loss over 20 years.Conclusions:  The results support the hypothesis that smoking is a significant risk factor of periodontal disease.
Assessment of periodontal conditions and systemic disease in older subjects
Authors: Persson R. E. , Hollender L. G. , MacEntee M. I. , Wyatt C. C. L. , Kiyak H. A. , Persson G. R. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractBackground:  An increased risk for periodontitis has been associated both with type‐1 or insulin dependent diabetes (IDDM) and with type‐2 or non‐insulin dependent diabetes (NIDDM).Aims:  1) To describe and analyze periodontal conditions in older low‐income ethnic diverse subjects with or without a diagnosis of diabetes. 2) To assess to what extent diabetes mellitus is associated with periodontal status, and 3) how periodontitis ranks as a coexisting disease among other diseases in subjects with diabetes mellitus.Material and methods:  Radiographic signs of alveolar bone loss were studied in 1101 older subjects 60–75 years old (mean age 67.6, SD±4.7). The number of periodontal sites and the proportions of teeth with probing depth (PD) 5 mm, clinical attachment levels (CAL) 4 mm were studied in a subset of 701 of the subjects.Results:  IDDM was reported by 2.9% and NIDDM by 9.2% of the subjects. The number of remaining teeth did not differ by diabetic status. The number of sites with PD 5 mm and the proportion of PD with 5 mm was significantly smaller in the non‐diabetic group (χ2=46.8, p<0.01, and χ2=171.1, p<0.001, respectively). Statistical analysis failed to demonstrate group differences for the number and proportions of sites with CAL 4 mm and for radiographic findings of alveolar bone loss. Combining all periodontal parameters revealed that the Mantel‐Haenszel common odds of having IDDM/NIDDM and periodontitis was 1.8 : 1 (95% CI: 1.1–3.1, p<0.03). The common odds ratio estimate of an association between heart disease and diabetes was 3.6 : 1 (95% CI: 2.1–2.6, p<0.001).Conclusions:  Probing depth differences between IDDM/NIDDM vs. non‐diabetic subjects may reflect the presences of pseudo‐pockets and not progressive periodontitis in many subjects with diabetes mellitus. Periodontitis is not a predominant coexisting disease in older subjects with diabetes mellitus.
Effects of plaque, psychological stress and gender on crevicular Il‐1β and Il‐1ra secretion
Authors: Waschul Bernd , Herforth Armin , Stiller‐Winkler Renate , Idel Helga , Granrath Nicole , Deinzer Renate 
Published: December 2004

AbstractObjectives: The study aimed to analyse (a) whether the effects of psychological stress and of experimental gingivitis on interleukin‐1β (Il‐1β) described before are compensated by concomitant increases in Il‐1 receptor antagonist (Il‐1ra), and (b) whether there do exist any gender differences in the Il‐1 responses to experimental gingivitis and to psychological stress.Materials and Methods: Thirteen medical students participating in a major academic exam (seven males, six females) and 14 medical students without academic stress (eight males, six females) refrained from oral hygiene in two antagonistic quadrants for 28 days (plaque) while they maintained oral hygiene in the remaining quadrants (hygiene). Weekly crevicular fluid samples of plaque and hygiene sites were assayed for Il‐1β and Il‐1ra.Results:Neither stress nor experimental gingivitis exerted significant effects on Il‐1ra. In controls, we observed significant gender and gender×time effects on Il‐1β; comparing stress groups, gender×time and stress×gender×time interactions became significant. Women show a reduced Il‐1β response to plaque at rest and an increased response under stress. Similar results were found with respect to bleeding on probing.Conclusions: Gender must be controlled in studies on periodontal responses to pathogens. Stress plays a role in these responses.
Accumulation of methylglyoxal in the gingival crevicular fluid of chronic periodontitis patients
Authors: Kashket S. , Maiden M.F.J. , Haffajee A.D. , Kashket E.R. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractBackground, aims: Methylglyoxal (MG), a toxic product of cellular metabolism, is elevated in tissues and fluids in a number of human diseases. A cross‐sectional study was undertaken to determine whether MG accumulates in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of chronic periodontitis patients.Methods: GCF samples were collected for 30 s each from three teeth with pocket depths greater than 3 mm (DD sites), from 14 chronic periodontitis patients. Control samples were taken from three healthy sites (DH sites) in the same patients, as well as from seven subjects who were periodontally healthy (HH sites). Fluid volumes were determined and the strips were placed in 0.5 N perchloric acid. Subsequently, samples were derivatized with o‐phenylenediamine and the resulting methylquinoxaline was assayed by high‐performance liquid chromatography on Lichrospher®‐100 RP‐18, with UV detection.Results: Mean pocket depths were 5.7±0.7, 2.7±0.6 and 2.7±0.5 mm (mean±SD) for the DD, DH and HH sites, respectively. Mean MG levels were found to be 208.7±241.7 and 142.9±235.7 pmol/site in the GCF from DD and DH sites, respectively (p=0.0023), but only 11.5±4.4 pmol/site for the HH sites. Bacteroides forsythus has been found to accumulate high levels of MG in culture (unpublished data) and, consistent with this, the sampled diseased sites contained higher levels of B. forsythus than the corresponding healthy sites (2.7±4.2×105 versus 0.7±1.1×105, respectively; p=0.022). Total “red complex” microorganisms were significantly elevated in the DD sites.Conclusions: In view of the known protein‐ and DNA‐modifying effects of MG, the finding of elevated levels of MG in the GCF from chronic periodontitis patients supports the hypothesis that MG may contribute to destructive tissue damage in this disease.
Differences in antimicrobial activity of four commercial 0.12% chlorhexidine mouthrinse formulations: an in vitro contact test and salivary bacterial counts study
Authors: Herrera David , Roldán Silvia , Santacruz Isabel , Santos Sagrario , Masdevall Mireia , Sanz Mariano 
Published: December 2004

AbstractAim: To evaluate the in vitro and in vivo antimicrobial activity of four commercial 0.12% chlorhexidine mouthrinses.Material and methods: The in vitro antimicrobial activity test consisted in a modified contact test where 20 selected bacterial species were tested during 1 min with each test product. After the contact, the inoculum was cultured, and the results were expressed in terms of survival/resistance and the percentage of survival as compared to a saline control. The in vivo test consisted of a double‐blind, randomized, crossover salivary bacterial counts study. 10 volunteers rinsed during 1 min with each tested product. Saliva samples were obtained before rinsing, and after 5 min, and 1, 3, 5 and 7 h. These samples were cultured both aerobically and anaerobically. Percentages of survival, in regard to baseline, were calculated for each time point. Comparisons among products were tested using anova and selected paired t‐test.Results: The in vitro contact test showed no survival in any tested species with CHX+CPC, while three species (Lactobacillus casei, Streptococcus mitis and Peptostreptococcus micros) were resistant to the other three products. CHX and CHX+NaF demonstrated additional resistant species (three and four species, respectively). The in vivo salivary bacterial counts test showed higher reductions of CHX+CPC and CHX+ALC in aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, lasting for 5 h. Significant differences were detected at multiple time points, when these two products were compared both with the control and the other tested products.Conclusion: Important differences in activity, among 0.12% CHX products, were detected by both in vitro and in vivo tests. The formulation with alcohol was more active than those without alcohol, excepting the formulation with CHX+CPC, in which the reformulation and addition of CPC not only compensate but rather increase the antimicrobial activity.
Efficacy of an amine fluoride–triclosan mouthrinse as compared to the individual active ingredients
Authors: Arweiler Nicole B. , Auschill Thorsten M. , Baguley Natascha , Netuschil Lutz , Sculean Anton 
Published: December 2004

AbstractBackground: The purpose of the clinical study was to examine the antibacterial and plaque‐reducing properties of mouthrinses containing triclosan (TRI), amine fluoride (AmF), and the combination of both (AFT) on 4‐day plaque regrowth. A placebo solution (PLA) and a 0.2% chlorhexidine solution (CHX) served as negative and positive controls, respectively.Materials & Methods: After a professional tooth cleaning (day 0), 15 volunteers refrained from all mechanical oral hygiene measures for the next 96 h and rinsed instead twice daily for 1 min with 10 ml of one of the five randomly assigned solutions. Plaque index (PlI), which was assessed after 24 and 96 h (PlI1, PlI2), and plaque area of the front teeth (PA), which was planimetrically recorded from disclosed teeth after 96 h, served as clinical parameters. After 24 and 96 h a plaque sample was taken and analyzed microbiologically to evaluate biofilm vitality (VF1, VF2). The subsequent test cycles were conducted after a washout period of 10 days each.Results: No severe adverse events or allergy were seen during the study. CHX influenced all parameters at all time points in comparison to PLA. AFT and AmF showed very similar values (in all parameters), but AmF did not reach the level of significance regarding VF1, nor did AFT with VF2 and PlI1. The TRI solution only reduced PlI2 and PA significantly, but had no influence on biofilm vitality when compared to PLA.Conclusion: A synergism between AmF and TRI was not observed. The results suggest that the plaque‐reducing and antibacterial effects of the AFT solution are mainly based on the effects of the amine fluoride moiety.