bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modeling the Water Quality of the Middle Section of the Northern Great River (Dissolved Oxygen and Water Temperature) Using WASP8 Model
Authors: Haifa S , Assad A , Naser H , Fares R M 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This study aims at to apply the WASP8 model on the middle section of The Great Northern River for the purpose of predicting the changes of both water temperature and the dissolved oxygen. At first, the model was calibrated depending on the field values that measured throughout the study period. The determination parameters and the index of agreement between the estimated values using the model and the actual measuring values showed the possibility of using the model to predict the tow studied indicators. The values of the determination parameter ranged from 0.76 to 0.86 in terms of the dissolved oxygen and regarding water temperature it was over 0.86 in the different studied sites. The values of index of agreement for all sites and the studied indicators ranged from 0.92 to 0.96. It was observed that the water of The Great Northern River is of a good quality in terms dissolved oxygen where the values ranged from 7 to 14 mg/L.
Effect of Spraying Nano Fertilizer NPK and Nano Fertilizer Microelements on the Growth Characteristics of Maize Plants (Zea May L.)
Authors: Muhammad O A , Al-Falahi M H 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
To find out the effect of spraying nano fertilizer NPK and nano-microelements and the interaction between them on the growth and yield of yellow corn cultivar (Al Maha), a factorial experiment was carried out during the spring season in 2021. The first factor (Nano NPK) included the addition of nano-fertilizer NPK 20:20:20 with four concentrations, F0, the comparison treatment (spraying with water only), the first concentration (F1) 1.0 gm L−1, the second concentration (F2) 2.0 gm L−1, concentration third (F3) 2.5 g L−1. While the second factor included the addition of nano micro elements fertilizer (IQ COMBI) containing (8% Fe, 1.5% Zn, and 1.5% Mn) with four concentrations, namely (M0), the comparison treatment (spraying with water only), the first concentration (M1) 1.0 gm L−1 The second concentration (M2) 2.0 gm L−1, the third concentration (M3) 2.5 gm L−1, the experiment included (16) experimental units for the workers and they were distributed randomly with three replications for each treatment to become (48) experimental units, as the least difference test was used Significant Least Significant Difference (LSD) in comparison of means at a probability level of 0.05. The interaction between the two factors of the study, which are NPK nano fertilizer and nano fertilizer of microelements, it gave the same significant superiority to the F3M2 treatment for all vegetative growth indicators, which included plant height with the highest rate of (218.00 cm), leaf area (61.60 cm2 plant−1), dry weight (270.26 gm), chlorophyll (56.32 SPAD).
Behavior and Distribution of Free Iron Oxides in Some Soil Orders in Iraq
Authors: Al-Hamawandi M J , Azeez D R , Ali D K 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This study was conducted to investigating the behavior of free iron oxides in some soil orders in Iraq. Soil samples were collected from five Pedons for soil orders Entisols, Aridisols, Inceptisols, Vertisols and Mollisols. Total free iron oxides (Fed) were extracted by CBD, amorphous iron oxides by acid ammonium oxalate and iron oxide linked with organic matter by alkaline Sodium pyrophosphate. the distribution of iron oxides in (Fep) to crystallized iron oxides were compared. The results showed that (Fed-Feo) there is no particular direction that controls the vertical distribution of Fed Mollisols and Vertisols pedons excelled in the content of Fed compared to the other orders. Amorphous Feo accumulates in surface horizons and Mollisols pedon was excelled on all pedons in Feo content followed by Vertisols, Inceptisols, Aridisols and Entisols. The Pedons of Inceptisols, Aridisols and Entisols soil order contain higher amounts of crystalline Fed-O oxides compared to the Mollisols and Vertisols as well the vertical distribution taken a different pattern for all pedons. (Fep) was low compared to other forms of iron oxides and is accumulated in surface soil horizon in all pedons.
Soil Erosion Risk Assessment Using Corine Model: A Case Study in Shwan Sub basin, Kirkuk, Iraq
Authors: Noori N E , Azeez D R 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Water erosion is one of the most important problems and challenges facing the optimal management of natural resources, especially soil and water resources, because of its impact on soil degradation. This study aimed to classify the risk of soil water erosion and clarify its distribution in the Shwan Basin in Kirkuk Governorate - Iraq based on the Corine model.In the first stage of the work, the soil erodibilty, erosivity and slope factors were determined, classified and mapped according to the degree of their impact on soil erosion.The potential soil erosion risk map was prepared using Arc GIS 10.4.1.In the second stage, the land cover factor was calculated and classified according to the degree of protection. In the last stage, the actual soil erosion risk map was prepared by multiplying the class of land cover with the map of potential soil erosion risk over the entire study area.The study showed that 28.18% of the studied area is classified under a high risk, 39.57% represents as a medium risk and 32.25% is a low risk .The areas of severe soil erosion risk were concentrated in the southwestern part and some northern and central parts, and the areas of medium risk were concentrated in the northern, central and southern parts, while regarding the low actual risk, they were concentrated in the western parts and in random areas in the center and east of the study area.The results also showed that the Corine model for soil water erosion risk mapping is a highly effective and cost-effective approach.
Effect of Soil Mulching and Spraying with Naphthalene Acetic Acid on Growth and Yield of Broccoli
Authors: Mohammed A B , Almohammedi O H M 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The field experiment was carried out at the research station of the College of Agriculture / University of Anbar between 33.4538 East and 43.3270 North lines. The experiment included using each of the four types of soil mulching (without mulching, black mulching, yellow mulching, and transparent white mulching) and spraying with naphthalene acetic acid naphthalene (without spraying, spraying with a concentration of 50 mg L, spraying with a concentration of 100 mg L, spraying with a concentration of 150 mg L) in some characteristics of Broccoli Remind the name of hybrid. The research was applied using a randomized complete block design (RCBD) factorial experiment with three replications for each treatment. The results showed that black mulching was superior to the rest of the Types of mulches, which gave the best results in terms of plant height, floral head circumference, leaf length, head weight, 50% flowering rate, and TSS (79.193 cm, 61.066 cm, 64.069 cm, 1.025 kg plant−1, 59.667 days, and 12,140) sequentially compared to the control treatment, spray treatment with acetic acid naphthalene at a concentration of 100 ml gave the best values through plant height, which reached (81.453 cm), floral head circumference, (61.969 cm), leaf length (62.547 cm), head weight (1.045 kg), flowering 50% (59.833 days), TSS (12.073) compared to the control treatment
Effect of Spraying with Growth Regulators Brassinolide and Thidiazuron on the Chemical Content of Leaves and Pods of Three Okra Hybrids Under Protected Cultivation Conditions
Authors: Al-Dulime M L A , Al-Mohammedi O H M 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The study was conducted in one of the greenhouses in the research station in Al-Bu’itha area of the College of Agriculture - University of Anbar during the growing season 2021-2022 to investigate the effect of spraying the growth regulators Brassinolide (BR) (0, 0.1 and 0.2 mg L−1) and Thidiazuron (TDZ) (1 and 2 mg L−1) were found, respectively, in the chemical content of leaves and pods of three hybrids (Abeer, Lotus and OkraF1). The results showed that the two treatments spraying Brassinolide at a concentration of 0.2 mg L−1 and spraying TDZ at a concentration of 2 mg L−1 were superior in all studied traits, while the hybrid Abeer was superior to the rest of the hybrids in the percentage of nitrogen 3.449%, phosphorus 0.416% and potassium 1.722%, carbohydrates 4.535%, the percentage of nitrogen in the pods 3.427%, and protein 21.42%. The interaction between the factors of the study had a positive effect on all the studied traits.
Effect of Humic Acid Addition and Urea Foliar Spraying on Shoot Characteristics and Chemical Content of Olive Sapling Cv. Khistawi
Authors: Hassan M K , Al-Ali H H 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The experiment was conducted in the lath house belonging to the Department of Horticulture and Landscape Gardening, College of Agriculture, Anbar University, from 1/3/2022 to 15/11/2022 to determine the effect of soil application of humic acid at three levels (0, 10, 15 g sapling−1), respectively, and foliar spray of urea fertilizer at three concentrations (0, 10, 15 g L−1), respectively, and their interaction on the vegetative growth characteristics and leaf mineral content of Khistawi olive saplings. The results showed a positive effect of adding humic acid on most of the vegetative and characteristics and mineral content of the leaves. Adding (15 g sapling−1) resulted in a significant superiority in stem diameter, leaf area, new shoot lengths, percentage of nitrogen, chlorophyll content, carbohydrates, and leaf dry matter, with 4.236 mm, 5.190 cm2, 7.684 cm, 1.824%, 76.739 mg 100 g−1, 7.094%, 47.878% respectively compared to the control treatment. Foliar spray of urea fertilizer at concentration (15 g L−1) resulted in a superiority of the mentioned characteristics above when adding humic acid, reaching 4.530mm, 5.607 cm2, 8.066 cm, 1.844%, 77.578 mg 100 g−1, 7.190%, 48.126% compared to the control treatment. The interaction between the studied factors showed a similar behavior to the individual factors for all studied characteristics.
Effect of Foliar Application of CPPU and Two Type of Mulching Soil Pots in Growth and Flowering of Rose Plant (Rosa Hybrida L.)
Authors: Star S N , Ai-Saad K G S , Ahmed O I 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The study was conducted in the Lath house of the College of Agriculture / University of Kirkuk / Agricultural Research and Experiment Station, for the period from September 15/ 2021 to Until the end of April / 2022, The research included studying the effect of spraying with a growth regulator (CPPU) at concentrations of (C1 0, C2 30, C3 60) mg L−1 with two sprays, the first one a day after the seedling rotation process, and the second one a week later, The first spray, And the type of mulching soil pots (bark and wood of eucalyptus trees) on the growth and flowering of Rosa hybrid L, The factorial experiment was conducted according to the (R.C.B.D), with a split experiment. The effect of spraying with the growth regulator CPPU at a concentration of 30 mg.L−1 led to a significant increase in the number of leaves, 167.66 leaves.plant−1 and the flower diameter was 13.91 cm, Plants grown in pots covered with eucalyptus bark obtained the highest significant values for some of the studied traits, As an increase in the number of developing branches, 11.00 branch.plant−1 and flower diameter 14.38 cm, The interaction between CPPU spraying and the type of mulching soil pots had a significant effect.The spray increased with 30 mg.L−1 of CPPU and plants growing in pots covered with eucalyptus bark, The number of developing branches is 11.50 branches.Plant−1 and flower diameter is 14.80 cm.
Response of Rosa Pygmaea to Humic and Fulvic Acids Under Exposed Environment Conditions
Authors: Al-Bayati M Y I , Sattar A G , Al-Fatlawi K A 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This experiment was conducted in Agricultural Research and Experiment Station College of Agriculture/Kirkuk University. The experiment started on 15.11.2021 to 25.6.2022 on using R. pygmaea In age of two years. The experimental plants were sprayed in early morning using three different concentrations of Humic acid (0, 3, 6) gm.L−1 and two different concentrations of Fulvic acid (0, 4) gm.L−1. The spraying process was done via two spraying. the results analyzed using random Randomized Complete Block Design (R.C.B.D). The results displayed that 6 gm.L−1 of Humic acid showed significant effect on plant height, numbers of (leaves and flowers), stem flowers, date of flowers blooming and flowering duration comparing to control. However, that 4 gm.L−1 of Fulvic acid has significant on plant height, number of (leaves, branches, flowers), date of flowers blooming and flowering duration comparing with the control.
Growing (Pleurotus Pulmonarius) on Various Local Substrates in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq
Authors: Khorsheed A N , Ahmed A S 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
In this study the effect of five locally sourced organic substrates as raw material and supplemented with CaSO4 2%, CaCO3 2% and wheat bran10% and three levels of spawning rates (5, 10, and 15%) on growth, morphological characteristics and chemical composition of Pleurotus Pulmonarius mushrooms were examined. These organic ingredients include: (Wheat straw (WS), Rice straw (RS), cardboard, Populus Canadensis sawdust (PC), and Salix Alba sawdust(WW). The study found that organic substrates, such as wheat straw and rice straw, had a significant effect on the mushrooms’ fresh weight 1087.33g and 1030.67g respectively. Supplements increased the fruit content of crude protein15.3%, nitrogen2.44%, fiber15.44%, and carbohydrates 50.44% without affecting vitamin C 3.38 mg/100 g. It also found that a spawn rate of 15% was optimal for protein19.62%, nitrogen 3.13%, carbohydrates 52.26%, and vitamin C 4.1 mg/100 g content in the fruits, while the lowest content was observed at a spawn rate of 5% protein 8.87%, nitrogen 1.42%, carbohydrates 46.31%, and vitamin C 2.6 mg/100 g content in the fruits.
Physiological Correlates of Holstein Heifer Body Weight: Implications for Management
Authors: Saeed O A , Alnori H M , Essa A H , Hameed N A , Shareef M A , Hamza M A , Abdulghafoor R T , Attallah O K 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to predict arid and semi-arid of heifer body characteristics using physiological data. Twenty heifers were weighed on an electronic scale, and heart girth (HG) was recorded. Blood samples were collected from the jugular vein, and serum was harvested. Blood parameters such blood urea nitrogen, BUN; glucose, Glc; and total protein, TP. In addition, blood hematological indices (red blood cells, white blood cells, lymphocytes, and hemoglobin) were measured. The growth of the body has resulted in an increase in weight, which has been steadily climbing over time. The body weight was ranged between 319 and 328 kg. There was no correlation between any of the physiological parameters and the live weight of the animals. While, there was a significant inverse correlation (P<0.001) between total protein and the vast majority of the other parameters. The multiple regression analysis shows a direct relationship between Glc and BUN as independent influencing factors on the characteristic that was being studied, which was body weight. Furthermore, with an average GLc measurement, the body weight rose by approximately 8. Overall, physiology as a predictor may be applied. Though, it is not sufficient for predicting live weight.
The Effect of Adding Lemongrass Leaf Powder (Cymbopogon Citratus) to the Diet as a Natural Supplement on Some Productive Traits and Oxidation Indicators in Broiler (Ross 308)
Authors: Al-Azzami A A , Mohammed Th T 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The experiment aimed to demonstrate the effect of feeding vitamin E and lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) to broiler chickens on production performance and physiology. 144 chicks were obtained and randomly assigned to four treatments, each with three replications and 12 birds in each replication. First and foremost, there is no addition to the control group. The second treatment T2 included 300 mg of vitamin E per kilogram of feed; the third treatment T3 included 5 g of lemongrass powder per kilogram of feed; and the fourth treatment T4 included 10 g of lemongrass powder per kilogram of feed. The following characteristics were investigated in the experiment: broiler weight gain rate; dressing percentage without edible giblets; dressing percentage with edible giblets; relative weights of edible giblets; estimation of fat oxidation in tissues by measuring the amount of Malondialdehyde in the liver; percentage of free fatty acids (FFA); and peroxide values (P.V) found in liver tissue. When compared to the control treatment, the fourth and third treatments were significantly superior (P≤0.05) in the rate of weight gain, while the second, third, and fourth treatments excelled in dressing percentage with edible giblets and without edible giblets, and there was no significant difference in the relative weights of edible giblets.
Relationship of Lei0258 Marker on some Productive Traits of Iraqi Local Chickens
Authors: Abdel Karim H D , Noori A A 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This study was used 100 laying hens, for the period from 10/26/2021 till 3/5/2022 to studying the effect of LEI0258 marker on some productive traits of Iraqi local chickens, Productive traits were measured from the sexual maturity up to 100 days for each chicken, the blood samples were collected from 100 laying hens at the age of 38 weeks from a brachial vein. The LEI0258 marker have 11 alleles were (A1, A2, A3, A4, B1, B2, B3, C1, C2, C3, D1). The results showed that there were a high significant differences (P ≤0.01) for (A1, B1) alleles compared with different alleles of percentage number and genetic distribution with a percentage of (18 %). there was a significant effect (P ≤0.05) in age at sexual maturity for different alleles, while in weight at sexual maturity there were non-significant difference between different alleles. Egg weight trait showed that there was a significant difference (P ≤ 0.05) for the periods (14, 42, 70, 100) day, and non-significant differences in the productive periods (28, 56, 84, 98) day. Feed intake ratio recorded non-significant differences in the period (14, 28, 42, 98, 100) day, while it recorded a significant difference (P ≤0.05) in the productive periods (56, 70, 84) day between different alleles. The qualitative traits revealed a significant difference (P ≤ 0.05) for (shell weight, yolk weight, yolk height, yolk diameter, egg white weight, egg diameter, egg white height, and HU unit), While non-significant differences in shell thickness between the different alleles.
Study of Mouth Depth for Some Local Cyprinidae
Authors: Ghazwan M I 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The aim of this study was to identify the depth of the mouth and its shape in some local fish belonging to the Cyprinidae family, and the extent to which the depth of the mouth is related to the way of feeding and the nature of food as well as the feeding habits of those species collected specifically from the Tigris River, the results showed a relationship of depth oral cavity with head length was highly significant at (P < 0.01) for all studied species. Also, there was a highly significant relationship between the height of the pharyngeal tooth-bearing bone and the depth of the oral cavity for fish of this local family.
Using Coefficient of Variation to Study the Carcass Traits Uniformity for Three Lines of Japanese Quail
Authors: Noaman H A , ZinAlabidin M M , Sidiq R D , Al-Taee I A , Ameen Q A , Shaker A S 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Quail body weight and its traits are important to poultry breeders and processors. Body weight correlated positively and negatively to several linear body measurements. Moreover, body weight affected by several factors such as age, sex, breed, rearing and feeding system, handling and slaughtering conditions. Two hundred ten day old unsexed Japanese quail chicks were obtained from three genetic lines of Japanese quail to study carcass traits uniformity by using coefficient of variation. At 40 days of age the feed was withdrawn for 6h, the birds were weighed individually to obtain live body weight. Thereafter the birds were slaughter by knife and let to bleed for 3 min. After the removal of feathers, the carcasses were dissection manually into various parts (chest, thigh, wings, back, head, nick, feet, heart, liver, and gizzard) and weight in gram by using electronic balance with (0.001) sensitivity. General Linear Model within the statistical program SPSS was used to study the effect of genetic lines and sex on carcass traits. Some traits were non-significant effected between the genetic lines such as in male were (Live body weight, head, nick, heart, liver, gizzard), and in female (live body weight, carcass, chest, wing back, head, feet, heart, liver, gizzard). We conclude that the carcass traits of Japanese quail differ among the three genetic lines (white, brown, and grey). And the high values of coefficient of variation may due to the breeding system of the birds.
Nutritional and microbiological characteristics of Dadih and their application to the food industry: A review
Authors: Setiarto R H B , Anshory L , Wardana Ata Aditya 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Dadih is a typical Minangkabau dairy product which is produced through the application of the natural fermentation of buffalo milk in a bamboo tube under conditions facultative anaerobic due to the presence of banana leaves as the packaging cover. This review aims to examine nutritional characteristics and microbiological aspects of Dadih as a traditional fermented food product from West Sumatra, and the challenges and development of Dadih products for application in the food industry. Microbes that play a dominant role in Dadih fermentation are Streptococcus thermophilus, Lactobacillus bulgaricus, Lactobacillus casei, Bifidobacterium bifidum, Leuconostoc mesenteroides, Enterococcus liquefaciens, Lactococcus lactis. Dadih product contains 10 types of essential amino acids, namely threonine, valine, methionine, isoleucine, leucine, phenylalanine, tryptophan, histidine, lysine, and arginine. Diversification of Dadih products is an attempt to vary the types of Dadih on the market so that it can be produced sustainably and consumers have many choices for consumption. The use of packaging that is stable against gas pressure, such as the use of glass bottles or aluminum tubes that are vacuum packed, is expected to be a more appropriate choice and a solution to the problem of Dadih packaging in the future. One effort besides applying low temperature to extend the shelf life of the Dadih is to reduce most of the whey water content. Production of Dadih powder can be done by spray drying method. The development of commercial curd powder products can be carried out efficiently by direct spray drying technique without having to purify the starter. Powdered curd products have a longer shelf life and are standardized quality to be packaged in cans.