bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
AN EVALUATION OF THE LUTEINIZING HORMONE RELEASING HORMONE (LH‐RH) TEST IN PATIENTS WITH SECONDARY AMENORRHOEA
Authors: Henderson S. R. , Bonnar J. , Souka A R , Bogie W. , MacKinnon Pamela , Mattock Jeannine , Dutton Angela 
Published: August 2005

SummaryAn analysis of the gonadotrophin response to an intravenous injection of LH‐RH (50 μg) has been undertaken in 41 patients with secondary amenorrhoea. Thirtyfive of the patients were free of any recognizable pathology to account for their amenorrhoea and apparently had a dysfunction of the hypothalamic‐pituitary axis. In these patients, the gonadotrophin response to LH‐RH was highly variable. There was in general a correlation between baseline plasma LH or FSH levels and their respective increments. There was no correlation, however, between basal oestrogen levels and gonadotrophin increments except in the case of those patients whose basal levels of plasma FSH were higher than those of LH and in those patients whose body weight was less than the ideal for the population. It appears that the gonadotrophin response to a single injection of LH‐RH in the majority of patients with secondary amenorrhoea of unknown origin is too variable to be of use either as a diagnostic or prognostic tool.
A SERIAL STUDY OF PREGNANCY PROTEINS IN PRIMIGRAVIDAE
Authors: Towler C. M. , Jandial V. , Horne C. H. W. , Bohn H. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe plasma concentrations of four ‘pregnancy proteins' and three steroid hormones have been measured throughout pregnancy in 15 primigravidae. Two of the proteins, human placental lactogen (HPL) and pregnancy‐specific β1‐glycoprotein (PS βG), are specific for pregnancy and correlate well with the stage of gestation. It is suggested that measurement of PSβG may be useful in assessing feto‐placental wellbeing. Neither of the pregnancy‐associated proteins, steroid‐binding β‐globulin (SB βG) and pregnancy‐associated α2‐glycoprotein (α2‐PAG), correlated with the length of gestation although, near term, plasma α2‐PAG levels appeared to be related to fetal weight. In addition, no correlation has been demonstrated between placental or fetal weight and any of the pregnancy‐specific proteins or steroid hormones studied.
TISSUE OXYGENATION AND RED CELL 2,3 DIPHOSPHOGLYCERATE IN NORMAL AND ABNORMAL PREGNANCY
Authors: Maclennan A. H. , Emerson Pauline M. , Hunter D. J. S. , Darley J. H. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryMaternal tissue oxygenation as reflected by the level of red cell, 2,3‐diphosphoglycerate (DPG) was measured before, during and after normal pregnancy. Following an initial fall at the beginning of pregnancy there was a significant rise in the mean level of DPG during pregnancy with an abrupt fal in the puerperium. The mean red cell DPG level in the third trimester of pregnancies complicated by pre‐eclampsia and diabetes was not statistically different from the normal but the mean value of all pregnancies in which the fetus was stillborn or growth retarded was significantly lower (p<0.001). The possible mechanism of the changes in normal and abnormal pregnancy is discussed and it is suggested that the measurement of red cell DPG in the third trimester of pregnancy may prove to be a useful parameter of placental oxygenation.
THE INFLUENCE OF PYRIDOXINE ON PROLACTIN SECRETION AND MILK PRODUCTION IN WOMEN
Authors: Canales E. S. , Soria J. , Zárate A. , Mason M. , Molina M. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryPyridoxine treatment did not inhibit milk secretion in 14 puerperal women. In contrast, romocriptine was antilactogenic. Pyridoxine appeared not to suppress prolactin secretion.
LUNG FUNCTION TESTS IN BRONCHIAL ASTHMA DURING AND AFTER PREGNANCY
Authors: Sims C. D. , Chamberlain G. V. P. , de Swiet M. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryRespiratory function tests (forced vital capacity and forced expiratory volume in one second) were performed serially in pregnancy, the puerperium, and at least six weeks ost partum in 27 patients with a history of asthma and in 12 control subjects. Eleven asthmatic patients with spirometric evidence of respiratory obstruction in pregnancy on at least one occasion were considered to have active disease. This group had significantly impaired respiratory function tests when compared to controls. The remaining 16 asthmatic patients were considered to be in remission. No changes in respiratory function tests attributable to pregnancy could be demonstrated in the asthma or control groups. Patients with active asthma tended to have smaller babies than patients with asthma in remission or the control patients.
THE RESPONSE OF LYMPHOCYTES TO PHYTOHAEMAGGLUTININ IN WOMEN WITH PRE‐ECLAMPSIA
Authors: Need Jillian A. , Jenkins D. M. , Scott J. S. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe response of maternal lymphocytes to phytohaemagglutinin was determined during and after pregnancy in patients with severe pre‐eclampsia and in controls. The patients with pre‐eclampsia showed a greater degree of immunosuppression during pregnancy than the normotensive controls. This was apparent in the presence and absence of maternal serum. In pre‐eclampsia there may be an abnormality affecting the T cell subpopulation of lymphocytes and also a decreased immunosuppressive effect of maternal serum.
CHANGES IN THE ORAL GLUCOSE TOLERANCE TEST DURING THE PUERPERIUM
Authors: LlND T. , Harris V. G. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryOral glucose tolerance tests were performed during late pregnancy, on the second and fifth days of the puerperium and finally six weeks after delivery in a group of 12 healthy women. The glucose response showed no significant change from the pregnancy values on the second and fifth days of the puerperium but each woman had returned to ‘normal’ by the sixth week post partum. In contrast, the insulin response had returned to the non‐pregnant value by the second day of the puerperium.
BASAL SERUM PROLACTIN VALUES AND RESPONSES TO THE ADMINISTRATION OF THYROTROPHIN RELEASING HORMONE (TRH) IN WOMEN WITH AMENORRHOEA
Authors: Glass M. R. , Williams J. W. , Butt W. R. , Edwards R. Logan , London D. R. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryBasal prolactin concentrations were measured in 77 patients presenting with amenorrhoea; 17 per cent were found to have hyperprolactinaemia. The release of prolactin in response to a standard dose of thyrotrophin releasing hormone for amenorrhoeic subjects with normal basal levels of prolactin was within the normal range. However, patients with hyperprolactinaemic amenorrhoea and no evidence of pituitary tumour were found to have a blunted response.
SINGLE EXTRA‐AMNIOTIC INJECTION OF PROSTAGLANDINS IN VISCOUS GEL TO INDUCE ABORTION
Authors: Mackenzie I. Z. , Embrey M. P. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA single extra‐amniotic injection of prostaglandin (PG) E2 or F2α in a highly viscous gel was administered to 230 patients to induce abortion between 9 and 24 weeks gestation. PGE2 doses of 1·0, 1·5, 2·0 or 3·0 mg induced abortion within 24 hours in 30 per cent, 75 per cent, 76 per cent and 70 per cent of patients respectively. The incidence of gastrointestinal side‐effects was dose dependent, being 20 per cent, 35 per cent, 45 per cent and 70 per cent in the respective groups. A 10·0 mg dose of PGF2α induced abortion within 24 hours in 66 per cent of patients and 45 per cent had gastrointestinal side‐effects. Abortion was more often complete with PGE2 (75 per cent) than with PGF2α (36 per cent). Immediate withdrawal of the catheter following PG administration did not influence induction abortion intervals or 24‐hour abortion success rates. This technique significantly reduced individual patient care and minimized the potential risk of intrauterine sepsis associated with extra‐amniotic techniques requiring repeated or continuous PG administration.
THE ‘INDUCTOGRAPH’–A GRAPH DESCRIBING THE LIMITS OF THE LATENT PHASE OF INDUCED LABOUR IN LOW RISK SITUATIONS
Authors: Beazley J. M. , Alderman B. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe construction of an ‘inductograph’ is described which defines the rate of progress of the latent phase of labour in 80 per cent of a group of patients selected from a ‘low risk’ category. A standard induction regime was used, and changes in the uterine cervix were assessed quantitatively by a modified form of the Bishop scoring system.
FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE, THYROTROPHIN, HUMAN GROWTH HORMONE AND PROLACTIN IN HYPEREMESIS GRAVIDARUM
Authors: Ylikorkala O. , Kauppila A. , Haapalahti J. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryTo investigate the functional capacity of the anterior pituitary gland in hyperemesis gravidarum, the serum levels of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), thyrotrophin (TSH), human growth hormone (HGH) and prolactin were measured before and after the combined administration of gonadotrophin and thyrotrophin releasing hormones (GnRH, TRH), and insulin in seven normal pregnancies, nine with hyperemesis and eight nonpregnant subjects. There was no difference between normal pregnancy and hyperemesis for FSH and TSH, but the basal level of HGH was lower and that of prolactin higher in hyperemesis although their responses following stimulation were similar. Thus there seems to be no hypofunction of the anterior pituitary gland in hyperemesis gravidarum.
POLYCYSTIC OVARIAN DISEASE*
Authors: Duignan N. M. 
Published: August 2005

SummarySex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) capacity was reduced in 9 of 31 patients with polycystic ovarian (PCO) disease and the mean level in PCO patients was significantly less (p<0·001) than normal. Serum testosterone levels were elevated in 21 of 32 PCO patients and the mean level was significantly elevated (p<0·001). Serum androstenedione values were raised in 17 of 31 patients and the mean value was also significantly raised (p<0·001). Serum dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHAS) concentrations were elevated in only 2 of 14 patients. Urinary 17‐oxo and 17‐oxogenic steroids were normal in all patients studied. Basal folliclestimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) levels were normal but LH release following injection of luteinizing hormone‐releasing hormone (LH‐RH) was enhanced. A highly significant negative correlation (r=– 0·449; p<0·01) was found between the logarithm of testosterone and the logarithm of LH levels. Serum prolactin concentrations were elevated in 4 of 21 PCO patients. Thyroid‐stimulating hormone (TSH) values were normal. Eighteen of 20 patients ovulated following treatment with clomiphene and nine became pregnant. Five of 12 of patients treated with oestrogen/progesterone preparations noticed an improvement in their hirsutism. It is suggested that the normal cyclical release of LH is inhibited in PCO disease by a negative feedback by androgens to the hypothalamus or the pituitary, and that wedge resection should be reserved for patients in whom other forms of treatment have failed.
CHANGES IN FETAL AND MATERNAL HEART RATE DURING ABDOMINAL RADIOGRAPHY IN LATE PREGNANCY
Authors: Edwards R. P. , Cardozo Linda 
Published: August 2005

SummaryContinuous recordings of maternal and fetal heart rate were made in 30 antenatal patients during simulated abdominal radiography in late pregnancy. Transient changes in fetal heart rate occurred in 43 per cent of patients in the supine position compared with 27 per cent in the prone position. Transient increases of maternal heart rate occurred in 37 per cent of patients. There was no evidence of revealed or concealed caval occlusion.
INDUCED ABORTION AND SECONDARY INFERTILITY
Authors: Trichopoulos D. , Handanos N. , Danezis J. , Kalandidi Anna , Kalapothaki Victoria 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe role of induced (and spontaneous) abortions in the aetiology of secondary sterility was investigated. Obstetric and gynaecologic histories were obtained from 100 women with secondary infertility admitted to the First Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of the University of Athens Medical School and to the Division of Fertility and Sterility of that Department. For every patient, an attempt was made to find two healthy control subjects from the same hospital with matching for age, parity, and level of education. Two control subjects each were found for 83 of the index patients. The relative risk of secondary infertility among women with at least one induced abortion and no spontaneous abortions was 3·4 times that among women without any induced or spontaneous abortions (95 per cent confidence interval 1·38–8·37). The relationship was statistically significant and indicated that in Greece, about 45 per cent of the cases of secondary infertility may be attributable to previous induced abortions.
A STUDY OF THE USE OF INTERMITTENT SERUM LUTEINIZING HORMONE, PROGESTERONE AND OESTRADIOL MEASUREMENTS FOR THE DETECTION OF OVULATION
Authors: Saxena B. N. , Poshyachinda V. , Dusitsin N. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe value of luteinizing hormone (LH), progesterone (P) and oestradiol (E2) in serum as an index of ovulation and corpus luteum function was studied in blood samples collected at infrequent intervals during the menstrual cycle from 19 healthy Thai women. A serum P level of more than 3 ng/ml was detectable in 70 to 80 per cent samples obtained between days 20 and 25 and a P peak and/or E2 peak (> 150 pg/ml) were found at this time in 85 to 94 per cent of the cycles. In not more than 26 per cent of the cycles was an LH peak (>150 ng/ml–LER–907) detected when all results were considered. A significant P and/or E2 peak on day 22 or 23 occurred in more than 78 per cent of 25 to 33 day cycles, whereas, the P and/or E2 peak was detectable in only 50 per cent of the cycles lasting less than 25 or more than 33 days. The postovulatory serum P levels were the ones most consistently raised in patients studied over several consecutive cycles.
EFFECTS OF TERBUTALINE ON MYOMETRIAL ACTIVITY, UTERINE BLOOD FLOW, AND LOWER ABDOMINAL PAIN IN WOMEN WITH PRIMARY DYSMENORRHOEA
Authors: ÅKerlund M. , Andersson K.‐E. , Ingemarsson I. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe effects of the selective β2‐receptor stimulator terbutaline (0·25 to 0·5 mg given intravenously) on myometrial activity, local uterine blood flow, and lower abdominal pain were examined during the first day of menstruation in 11 women with severe primary dysmenorrhoea. All had maximum intrauterine pressures between 200 and 350 mm Hg. During uterine contractions of high amplitude or long duration, the local endometrial blood flow decreased markedly, and the patients experienced the most intense pain. Terbutaline inhibited the myometrial activity, increased the blood flow, and relieved the pain.
SERUM PROLACTIN AND THE SUPPRESSION OF LACTATION
Authors: Weinstein D. , Ben‐David M. , Polishuk W. Z. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryBaromocriptine (2 bromo‐α‐ergocryptine), stilboestrol, clomiphene citrate, testosterone propionate and a placebo were given to 75 postpartum women for the suppression of puerperal lactation. An additional 15 women who breast‐fed their babies served as a control group. Blood samples were taken for the determination of serum prolactin levels by a specific homologous double antibody radioimmuno‐assay. Concurrently, the clinical effectiveness of the various treatments was assessed. High levels of prolactin were found at the time of delivery. Bromocriptine effectively reduced serum prolactin and prevented lactation; stilboestrol increased serum prolactin and partially suppressed lactation; clomiphene citrate and testosterone propionate both lowered serum prolactin levels and partially suppressed lactation. The placebo showed almost no effect on serum prolactin. It appeared that bromocriptine was the drug of choice in the suppression of puerperal lactation.
PLASMA PROLACTIN LEVELS DURING PREGNANCY
Authors: Biswas S. , Rodeck C. H. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryPlasma prolactin levels in women who were between 8 and 40 weeks pregnant were determined by a homologous double antibody radioimmunoassay method. There were 980 samples from 839 uncomplicated and 213 samples from 116 complicated pregnancies. Prolactin levels in normal pregnancies varied from 6 ng/ml during early pregnancy to 210 ng/ml near term. A few values beyond the normal range were found in various groups of complicated pregnancies. About 14 per cent of samples from patients with threatened abortion and 7 per cent from patients with hypertension were above the upper normal range. The proportion of values below the 10th centile in patients with a low urinary oestrogen excretion was significantly higher than that in the normal population. Plasma prolactin levels did not seem to be a valuable guide to maternal or fetal well‐being.
INTRAUTERINE TRANSFUSION IN THE MANAGEMENT OF SEVERE RHESUS ISOIMMUNIZATION
Authors: Robertson E. G. , Brown A. , Ellis M. I. , Walker W. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryIn the ten years between 1965 and 1974, 2227 patients with rhesus isoimmunization were seen at the Newcastle centre. The antibody titre and previous history were the basis on which patients were selected for amniocentesis and determination of the amniotic fluid bilirubin ratio. There were 288 patients with a bilirubin ratio which was greater than 1·1; of these 206 were treated by intrauterine transfusion (IUT). Evidence for the belief that the treated and untreated groups were similar is presented. The overall survival rates were 44 per cent for cases treated by intrauterine transfusion and 50 per cent for those not treated in this way. The mortality directly attributable to the procedure was at least 20 per cent and did not take into account errors of selection nor accidents associated with amniocentesis.
THE EFFECT OF LABOUR ON ACTH AND CORTISOL LEVELS IN AMNIOTIC FLUID AND MATERNAL BLOOD
Authors: Tuimala R. , Kauppila A. , Rönnberg L. , Jouppila R. , Haapalahti J. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryLevels of adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) and cortisol were measured in amniotic fluid during labour and in maternal blood during and after labour. There was a significant rise of maternal ACTH and cortisol levels during labour and a significant decrease after delivery in all 14 patients studied. There were no significant changes in amniotic fluid ACTH and cortisol levels during labour. The initial level of ACTH in amniotic fluid (162·7 pg/ml) was higher than that in maternal circulation (120·2 pg/ml). The correlation between maternal and amniotic fluid ACTH was not significant while the corresponding correlation for cortisol values was.
THE EFFECT OF ORAL RITODRINE ON MATERNAL AND FETAL CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM
Authors: Blouin D. , Murray M. A. F. , Beard R. W. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe reported growth‐promoting effects of the beta‐sympathomimetic compound, ritodrine, have been investigated. The carbohydrate tolerance of eight pregnant women was found to be unaffected by treatment with oral ritodrine over a ten‐week period. A further observation that the carbohydrate metabolism of the newborn infants of these women was within normal limits tends to discount the possibility that any growth‐promoting action ritodrine may have on the fetus is mediated through a diabetogenic effect on the mother.
ALTERED PATTERNS OF THYROID HORMONES IN SERUM AND URINE IN PREGNANCY AND DURING ORAL CONTRACEPTIVE THERAPY
Authors: Flnucane J. F. , Griffiths R. S. , Black E. G. 
Published: August 2005

SummarySerum total, percentage free fraction and absolute serum free hormone concentration of thyroxine and triiodothyronine were measured in control, pregnant and oral contraceptive users, together with the daily urinary losses of unconjugated thyroid hormones. Increased urinary losses of both hormones, in particular thyroxine, were apparent in pregnancy and these could not be explained in terms either of an increased filtered load of hormone or the presence of proteinuria. The possible existence of filterable small‐molecular weight hormone‐binding substances in the urine of pregnant patients is discussed. It is concluded that assay of urinary thyroid hormones during pregnancy is of limited diagnostic value because of overlap with thyrotoxic values.
WATER INTOXICATION AND OXYTOCIN INFUSION
Authors: Morgan D. B. , Kirwan N. A. , Hancock K. W. , Robinson D. , Howe J. G. , Ahmad S. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe case reports are presented of two patients who developed water intoxication after high‐dose oxytocin infusions. Plasma sodium and urine flow were studied in two further patients given high‐dose oxytocin infusions. The findings are related to previously published observations.
SONAR EVIDENCE OF EARLY PREGNANCY FAILURE IN PATIENTS WITH TWIN CONCEPTIONS
Authors: Robinson H. P. , Caines Judy S. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryDuring a four‐year period 30 patients were diagnosed by sonar in the first trimester of pregnancy as having twin conceptions. Of these 30 patients, 14 eventually gave birth to twins. Eleven of the remaining 16 patients were found to have a normal pregnancy and a coexistent blighted ovum (empty sac), and ultimately all but one gave birth to a single baby; the eleventh patient aborted a fresh fetus at 25 weeks of gestation. Of the last five patients, four were diagnosed as having twin blighted ova, and one a blighted ovum and a missed abortion; these five patients either aborted spontaneously or had an elective termination of pregnancy. The results suggest that the incidence of twin conceptions is higher than the commonly accepted figure of 1 in 80.
A TRIAL OF ORAL RITODRINE FOR THE PREVENTION OF PREMATURE LABOUR
Authors: Walters W. A. W. , Wood C. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA double blind clinical trial of oral ritodrine for prevention of premature labour was conducted in 38 primigravidae in whom the internal os of the cervix was one or more fingerbreadths dilated at 28 to 32 weeks gestation. The results suggest that oral ritodrine may not be effective in preventing premature labour.
THE OXYTOCIN CHALLENGE TEST AND ANTEPARTUM FETAL ASSESSMENT
Authors: Baskett T. F. , Sandy E. A. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe oxytocin challenge test (OCT) was performed 537 times on 364 high‐risk patients over a three‐year period. It was shown that a positive test had a highly significant correlation with a worsened perinatal outcome as measured by stillbirth rate, fetal distress in labour, intrauterine growth retardation, Apgar scores and the need for neonatal resuscitation and intensive care. However, one‐third of positive tests were falsely positive when tested by labour. A negative test proved reassuring for a further week of intrauterine life in 98·2 per cent of cases. The role of the OCT in antepartum fetal monitoring is discussed.
MICROINVASIVE SQUAMOUS CARCINOMA OF CERVIX IN THE TAYSIDE REGION OF SCOTLAND
Authors: Duncan I. D. , Walker J. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA total of 117 patients with microinvasive squamous carcinoma of the cervix encountered between 1960 and 1972 is reviewed. No lymph node metastases were found in the 42 patients who had pelvic lymphadenectomy and only one died from her disease. The proposal is made that when the depth of invasion is 3 mm or less, microinvasive carcinoma can be treated in the same way as carcinoma in situ.
THE UTERINE AND CARDIOVASCULAR EFFECTS OF ORAL FENOTEROL HYDROBROMIDE
Authors: Lipshitz J. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryFenoterol hydrobromide was administered as a 5 mg tablet to 10 patients in oxytocin‐induced labour and the effects on uterine activity and on the cardiovascular system of mother and baby were evaluated. The drug took effect within 30 minutes in 8 of the 10 patients and it reduced uterine activity to less than 30 per cent of the original. Fenoterol caused a moderate maternal tachycardia, raised systolic and decreased the diastolic blood pressures.
RUBELLA VACCINATION AND ANTI‐D IMMUNOGLOBULIN ADMINISTRATION IN THE PUERPERIUM
Authors: Edgar W. M. , Hambling M. H. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe serum conversion rates and post‐vaccination rubella haemagglutination inhibiting antibody titres of a group of women given both anti‐D immunoglobulin and rubella vaccine in the puerperium have been compared with those of a similar group of patients who were given vaccine but no immunoglobulin. The serological response to rubella vaccination in susceptible women was satisfactory even when anti‐D immunoglobulin was given shortly before vaccination.