bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prognostic impact of MitraScore in elderly Asian patients with heart failure: sub‐analysis of FRAGILE‐HF
Authors: Kaneko Tomohiro , Kagiyama Nobuyuki , Kasai Takatoshi , Kamiya Kentaro , Saito Hiroshi , Saito Kazuya , Ogasahara Yuki , Maekawa Emi , Konishi Masaaki , Kitai Takeshi , Iwata Kentaro , Jujo Kentaro , Wada Hiroshi , Maeda Daichi , Hiki Masaru , Sunayama Tsutomu , Dotare Taishi , Nagamatsu Hirofumi , Ozawa Tetsuya , Izawa Katsuya , Yamamoto Shuhei , Aizawa Naoki , Makino Akihiro , Oka Kazuhiro , Momomura Shin‐Ichi , Matsue Yuya , Minamino Tohru 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAimsMitraScore is a novel, simple, and manually calculatable risk score developed as a prognostic model for patients undergoing transcatheter edge‐to‐edge repair (TEER) for mitral regurgitation. As its components are considered prognostic in heart failure (HF), we aimed to investigate the usefulness of the MitraScore in HF patients.Methods and resultsWe calculated MitraScore for 1100 elderly patients (>65 years old) hospitalized for HF in the prospective multicentre FRAGILE‐HF study and compared its prognostic ability with other simple risk scores. The primary endpoint was all‐cause deaths, and the secondary endpoints were the composite of all‐cause deaths and HF rehospitalization and cardiovascular deaths. Overall, the mean age of 1100 patients was 80 ± 8 years, and 58% were men. The mean MitraScore was 3.2 ± 1.4, with a median of 3 (interquartile range: 2–4). A total of 326 (29.6%), 571 (51.9%), and 203 (18.5%) patients were classified into low‐, moderate‐, and high‐risk groups based on the MitraScore, respectively. During a follow‐up of 2 years, 226 all‐cause deaths, 478 composite endpoints, and 183 cardiovascular deaths were observed. MitraScore successfully stratified patients for all endpoints in the Kaplan–Meier analysis (P < 0.001 for all). In multivariate analyses, MitraScore was significantly associated with all endpoints after covariate adjustments [adjusted hazard ratio (HR) (95% confidence interval): 1.22 (1.10–1.36), P < 0.001 for all‐cause deaths; adjusted HR 1.17 (1.09–1.26), P < 0.001 for combined endpoints; and adjusted HR 1.24 (1.10–1.39), P < 0.001 for cardiovascular deaths]. The Hosmer–Lemeshow plot showed good calibration for all endpoints. The net reclassification improvement (NRI) analyses revealed that the MitraScore performed significantly better than other manually calculatable risk scores of HF: the GWTG‐HF risk score, the BIOSTAT compact model, the AHEAD score, the AHEAD‐U score, and the HANBAH score for all‐cause and cardiovascular deaths, with respective continuous NRIs of 0.20, 0.22, 0.39, 0.39, and 0.29 for all‐cause mortality (all P‐values < 0.01) and 0.20, 0.22, 0.42, 0.40, and 0.29 for cardiovascular mortality (all P‐values < 0.02).ConclusionsMitraScore developed for patients undergoing TEER also showed strong discriminative power in HF patients. MitraScore was superior to other manually calculable simple risk scores and might be a good choice for risk assessment in clinical practice for patients receiving TEER and those with HF.
Intramolecular Hydrogen Atom Transfer from Unactivated C(sp3)−H Bond to Alkyl Radical
Authors: Liu Huiying , Jin Qihao , Wu Xinxin 
Published: January 2024

AbstractRegioselective C(sp3)−H bond functionalization in atom‐ and step‐economic mode has long been recognized as a prominent and challenging task due to its application in late‐stage modification of complex skeletons, natural products and drugs. As a complement to transition metal‐catalyzed C−H activation and carbene/nitrene insertion reactions, hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) emerges as a versatile tool for C(sp3)−H bond functionalization and showcases significant and distinctive superiority in terms of selectivity trend and substrate scope. Intramolecular HAT processes initiated by nitrogen‐ and oxygen‐centered radicals, aryl radicals, and vinyl radicals, have already been well developed in the past century. In contrast, the development of alkyl radical‐mediated HAT reactions lagged behind, although generation methods of corresponding alkyl radicals under mild conditions have gained rapid growth. Especially, selective and efficient HAT from unactivated C(sp3)−H to alkyl radical is highly challenging due to their comparable BDEs and radical polarity. This Concept highlights recent advance in regioselective functionalization of ubiquitous unactivated C−H bonds enabled by intramolecular H‐atom transfer to alkyl radicals.
The link between workaholism and well‐being via self‐care and the moderating role of group identification
Authors: Junker Nina M. , Theisges Louisa , Avanzi Lorenzo , van Dick Rolf , Kaluza Antonia J. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAlthough the negative consequences of workaholism for well‐being are well‐known, research on its underlying processes and potential boundary conditions is scarce. Drawing on the conservation of resources theory, we propose that self‐care mediates the negative association between workaholism and well‐being, such that workaholism decreases self‐care, which, in turn, increases well‐being. Building on the social identity approach, we further argue that group identification moderates the workaholism–self‐care‐link, such that the more individuals identify with their groups, the stronger the negative indirect association. We tested our assumptions in a longitudinal three‐wave study among students (Study 1, NT1 = 300, NT2 = 211, NT3 = 164), in which we found that the indirect association between workaholism and well‐being via self‐care was only significant for those students who more highly identified with their group. We replicated this contingency of the workaholism–self‐care association on group identification in a two‐wave time‐lagged study among employees (Study 2, NT1 = 335, NT2 = 134). Taken together, these findings help gain a deeper understanding of why and when workaholism decreases well‐being.
Pyrolysis kinetics behavior and pyrolysate compositions analysis of agriculture waste toward the production of sustainable renewable fuel and chemicals
Authors: Mishra Ranjeet Kumar , Mohanty Kaustubha , Wang Xianhua 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis work deals with the characterization of feed, kinetic, and compositional study of sugarcane baggage (SCB) using a thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA), Py‐GC‐MS, and X‐ray fluorescence (XRF) analyzer. XRF analyzer was used to determine the mineral of ash content, and Py‐GC‐MS was employed to determine the hot vapor composition produced during fast pyrolysis. Cots‐Redfrem (CR) methods and master plots were utilized to determine the kinetic parameters. Studies on the physicochemical properties of SCB have demonstrated its potential for use as a bioenergy feedstock. The average activation energy was found to be 25.44 kJ mol−1 at (n = 1) and 31.21 kJ mol−1 at n ≠ 1 using the CR model. The master plot study suggested that pyrolysis occurred with various mechanisms, while kinetic results of SCB demonstrated that activation energy varied with conversion value. XRF examination revealed significant mineral materials that aided in the pyrolysis process. Finally, the introduction of ZSM‐5 at 20 wt % results increased hydrocarbons (~3 wt %), furfurelas (~4 wt %) and reduced the phenols (~15 wt %), acid (~9 wt %) and oxygnetaed compounds. The present study showed that introducing zeolite catalysts improved pyrolysis products' properties.
Techno feasibility study and optimum sizing evaluation of an industrial‐level solar chimney power plant with a storage system: A case study in Mumbai, India
Authors: Behera Biren K. , Sharma Kaushal K. , Sahoo Sudhansu S. , Kumar Santosh 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe current study focuses on the modeling and analysis of an industrial‐scale solar chimney power plant (SCPP) with the storage system. Rating and sizing estimations are time‐consuming and difficult to get since sun radiation is diffuse and imprecise; as a result, a theoretical technique is used to gather the necessary data. The generator is assumed to be fully loaded for the sake of the computations. Considerations including chimney height, collector radius, and storage thickness are made in order to get the appropriate generator rating and daily energy output. The optimum sizing assessment has also been obtained based on the input criteria. To get the required results, weather information for Mumbai, India has been taken into account. Based on the findings, the technical feasibility was researched and presented.
Review of epilepsy care in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Authors: Tshimbombu Tshibambe N. , Shin Minkyung , Thesen Thomas , Mesu’a Kabwa Luabeya , Blackmon Karen , Kashama Jean Marie Kashama wa , Jobst Barbara C. , Fontaine Dominique , Olarinde Immanuel , Okitundu‐Luwa E‐Andjafono Daniel 
Published: January 2024

AbstractEpilepsy imposes a substantial burden on the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). These challenges encompass the lack of comprehensive disease surveillance, an unresolved understanding of its pathophysiology, economic barriers limiting access to essential care, the absence of epilepsy surgical capabilities, and deeply ingrained societal stigmas. Notably, the national prevalence of epilepsy remains undetermined, with research primarily concentrating on infectious factors like Onchocerca volvulus, leaving other potential causes underexplored. Most patients lack insurance, incurring out‐of‐pocket expenses that often lead them to opt for traditional medicine rather than clinical care. Social stigma, perpetuated by common misconceptions, intensifies the social isolation experienced by individuals living with epilepsy. Additionally, surgical interventions are unavailable, and the accessibility of anti‐seizure medications and healthcare infrastructure remains inadequate. Effectively tackling these interrelated challenges requires a multifaceted approach, including conducting research into region‐specific factors contributing to epilepsy, increasing healthcare funding, subsidizing the costs of treatment, deploying mobile tools for extensive screening, launching awareness campaigns to dispel myths and reduce stigma, and promoting collaborations between traditional healers and medical practitioners to enhance local understanding and epilepsy management. Despite the difficulties, significant progress can be achieved through sustained and compassionate efforts to understand and eliminate the barriers faced by epilepsy patients in the region. This review outlines essential steps for alleviating the epilepsy burden in the DRC.Plain Language summaryThere are not enough resources to treat epilepsy in the DRC. PWEs struggle with stigma and the lack of money. Many of them still use traditional medicine for treatment and hold wrong beliefs about epilepsy. That is why there is a need for more resources to make the lives of PWEs better in the DRC.
Modulation of the gut microbiome and Firmicutes phylum reduction by a nutraceutical blend in the obesity mouse model and overweight humans: A double‐blind clinical trial
Authors: Nehmi‐Filho Victor , de Freitas Jessica Alves , Franco Lucas Augusto , Martins Roberta Cristina , Turri José Antônio Orellana , Santamarina Aline Boveto , Fonseca Joyce Vanessa da Silva , Sabino Ester Cerdeira , Moraes Bruna Carvalho , Souza Erica , Murata Gilson Masahiro , Costa Silvia Figueiredo , Alcântara Paulo Sérgio , Otoch José Pinhata , Pessoa Ana Flávia Marçal 
Published: January 2024

AbstractOverweight and obesity are closely linked to gut dysbiosis/dysmetabolism and disrupted De‐Ritis ratio [aspartate aminotransferase (AST)/alanine aminotransferase (ALT) ratio], which may contribute to chronic noncommunicable diseases onset. Concurrently, extensive research explores nutraceuticals, and health‐enhancing supplements, for disease prevention or treatment. Thus, sedentary overweight volunteers were double‐blind randomized into two groups: Novel Nutraceutical_(S) (without silymarin) and Novel Nutraceutical (with silymarin). Experimental formulations were orally administered twice daily over 180 consecutive days. We evaluated fecal gut microbiota, based on partial 16S rRNA sequences, biochemistry and endocrine markers, steatosis biomarker (AST/ALT ratio), and anthropometric parameters. Post‐supplementation, only the Novel Nutraceutical group reduced Clostridium clostridioforme (Firmicutes), Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio (F/B ratio), and De‐Ritis ratio, while elevating Bacteroides caccae and Bacteroides uniformis (Bacteroidetes) in Brazilian sedentary overweight volunteers after 180 days. In summary, the results presented here allow us to suggest the gut microbiota as the action mechanism of the Novel Nutraceutical promoting metabolic hepatic recovery in obesity/overweight non‐drug interventions.
Exploring health preference heterogeneity in the UK: Using the online elicitation of personal utility functions approach to construct EQ‐5D‐5L value functions on societal, group and individual level
Authors: Schneider Paul , Devlin Nancy , van Hout Ben , Brazier John 
Published: January 2024

AbstractA new method has recently been developed for valuing health states, called ‘Online elicitation of Personal Utility Functions’ (OPUF). In contrast to established methods, such as time trade‐off or discrete choice experiments, OPUF does not require hundreds of respondents, but allows estimating utility functions for small groups and even at the individual level. In this study, we used OPUF to elicit EQ‐5D‐5L health state preferences from a (not representative) sample of the UK general population, and then compared utility functions on the societal‐, group‐, and individual level. A demo version of the survey is available at: https://eq5d5l.me. Data from 874 respondents were included in the analysis. For each respondent, we constructed a personal EQ‐5D‐5L value set. These personal value sets predicted respondents' choices in three hold‐out discrete choice tasks with an accuracy of 78%. Overall, preferences varied greatly between individuals. However, PERMANOVA analysis showed that demographic characteristics explained only a small proportion of the variability between subgroups. While OPUF is still under development, it has important strengths: it can be used to construct value sets for patient reported outcome instruments such as EQ‐5D‐5L, while also allowing examination of underlying preferences in an unprecedented level of detail. In the future, OPUF could be used to complement existing methods, allowing valuation studies in smaller samples, and providing more detailed insights into the heterogeneity of preferences across subgroups.
Enabling environment and challenges for UN joint programming to strengthen nutrition: A multi‐country survey in Burkina Faso, Mali, and Senegal
Authors: Halidou Doudou Maimouna , Ouedraogo Ousmane , Cruz Sarah , Dieudonné Diasso , Levrac Mohamed 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe United Nations plays an important role in supporting governments to implement nutrition policies and accelerate progress. The development of a common UN nutrition agenda and joint programming are two crucial aspects to improve complementarities and synergies to maximize the nutritional impact. The objective was to identify the success factors and challenges during the planning process of the UN common nutrition agenda in three different contexts. This is a qualitative study, conducted in Burkina Faso, Mali and Senegal between 2016 and 2018. The data was collected using an orientation kit developed by the UN Network which includes an inventory of UN nutrition actions, individual interviews, and consensus workshops. A total of 32 nutrition focal points from UN agencies participated in the study. In all countries, UN nutrition interventions were concentrated in areas with the highest number of stunted. Most of these actions were aligned with the priorities of nutrition policies and were complementary. Governance actions were mainly oriented towards sector governance. Key success of joint nutrition programming by UN includes commitment of country director and technicians, functional UN Network, participation of field‐level stakeholders and strengthening of information between UN agencies. Certain prerequisites such as the existence of nutrition policy, stakeholder and action mapping, inventory of UN nutrition actions, situation analysis contributed to the formulation of a common nutrition agenda at country level. Among the challenges, we note effective implementation of joint programs to strengthen complementarity; diversity of beneficiary targeting strategies between sectors; low mobilization of resources; lack of coordination intra and inter agencies; understaffing; strengthening partnership and multisectoral accountability; ownership of the common nutrition agenda by all agencies. The development of common nutrition agenda and joint programs would maximize the nutritional impact in the country level.
Frequent batch auction versus continuous time auction under order cancellation and maker‐taker fee
Authors: Ge Hengshun , Yang Haijun 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWe investigate the consequences of different market designs and policies on market quality in a high‐frequency market. Based on an extensible theoretical framework, high‐frequency traders in our model can be either market makers or arbitragers, which leads to a Nash equilibrium between their utilities. We consider the optimal strategies of different market agents in various market conditions based on the equilibrium. We find frequent batch auctions benefit market liquidity but harm market volatility compared to continuous‐time auctions. Order cancellation ban harms market quality while the taker fee is beneficial. We also find that market design and policy changes are only effective in low‐latency markets. Finally, we address that the total effect of high‐frequency trading is positive, so it is vital to reap high‐frequency traders' benefits while minimising their harms in high‐frequency markets.
The economic consequences of obstetric fistula: A systematic search and narrative review
Authors: Bari Kimiya , Oliver Victoria L. , Abbas Shazra , Marthias Tiara , Kane Sumit 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundObstetric fistula develops from obstructed labor and is a devastating condition with significant consequences across several domains of a woman's life. This study presents a narrative review of the evidence on the economic consequences of obstetric fistula.MethodsThree databases were searched, and search results were limited to English language papers published after 2003. Search results were reviewed for relevance based on title and abstract followed by full text review using specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. Bibliographies of papers were also scanned to identify relevant papers for inclusion. Data were extracted under three categories (defined a priori): the economic consequences of having the condition, the economic consequences of seeking care, and the macroeconomic impacts.ResultsThe search returned 517 unique papers, 49 of which were included after screening. Main findings identified from the studies include women losing their jobs, becoming dependent on others, and losing financial support when relationships are lost. Seeking care was economically costly for families or unaffordable entirely. There were no studies describing the impact of fistula on national economies.ConclusionEconomic consequences of obstetric fistula are multifaceted, pervasive, and are intertwined with the physical and psychosocial consequences of the condition. Understanding these consequences can help tailor existing fistula programs to better address the impacts of the condition. Further research to address the dearth of literature describing the macroeconomic impact of obstetric fistula will be critical to enhance the visibility of this condition on the health agendas of countries.
Change motivation and mindfulness in individual psychotherapy: Examining a sample of adult outpatients with depression and/or anxiety
Authors: Baumann Ines , Kalmar Julia , Gruber Elena , Blanck Paul , Vonderlin Eva , Heidenreich Thomas , Mander Johannes 
Published: January 2024

AbstractObjectivesExisting literature has demonstrated that both motivation to change and mindfulness are associated with therapy outcomes in samples with mental disorders. Between the constructs of mindfulness and motivation to change occurs some theoretical‐related and empirical overlap. However, it is still little known about the association of these two constructs. For this reason, we investigated the relationship of motivation to change and mindfulness in a sample of 116 adult outpatients with a primary diagnosis of depression or anxiety.MethodsAn outpatient sample of 116 depressive and/or anxious patients filled in the German short version of the University of Rhode Island Change Assessment (URICA‐S) and the German version of the Kentucky Inventory of Mindfulness Skills (KIMS) before the start of cognitive‐behavioral therapy (pre) and after the 25th cognitive‐behavioral therapy session (post). To assess the association between change motivation and mindfulness, we calculated correlations, hierarchical regressions and cross‐lagged panel models (CLPM).ResultsSeveral positive and negative significant correlations at the premeasurement time point, at the postmeasurement time point, and over time (from pre to postmeasurement time point) demonstrated a relation between the KIMS and the URICA‐S. Hierarchical regression analyses and CLPM pointed towards relations between mindfulness and change motivation over time and in both directions for some subscales of the KIMS and the URICA‐S.ConclusionA bidirectional relation between motivation to change and mindfulness was supported in our naturalistic psychotherapy setting for several subscales. For a better understanding of the interconnection between the two constructs, future research should focus on the application of interventions to improve either mindfulness or motivation to change in psychotherapy. Additionally, the interactional effects of mindfulness and change motivation on therapy outcomes should be investigated.
‘Out of the glovebox’ studies of a multifunctional [Gd3+‐Ho3+‐Dy3+]:CsPbI2.7Br0.3 perovskite semiconductor system for energy applications
Authors: Jaffri Shaan Bibi , Ahmad Khuram Shahzad , Abrahams Isaac , El‐marghany Adel 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDThis work deciphers the first report on the treble lanthanide‐doped perovskite heterosystem [Gd3+‐Ho3+‐Dy3+]:CsPbI2.7Br0.3 (GHD:C‐PVSK) and subsequently explores its prospects for solar cells, energy generation, and charge storage.RESULTSGHD:C‐PVSK remained optically active for a period of 28 days with a band gap energy of 1.62–1.76 eV. The developed perovskite material possesses cubic phase with typical ABX3 geometry and the subsequently deposited thin films have compact morphology. As a light absorber layer, a GHD:C‐PVSK‐based solution‐processed perovskite solar cell executed an efficiency of 15.11% and an improved fill factor of 71.25%. In electrocatalytic assays, GHD:C‐PVSK emerged as a bifunctional catalyst for oxygen and hydrogen generation with greater tendency towards pure hydrogen production, exuding overpotential (ηHER) – that is, 143 mV and 123.4 mV dec−1 of the Tafel slope value. With a remarkable service life of 100 min inside the electrolyte, the GHD:C‐PVSK electrode was characterized by its excellent charge storage. It has a unit capacity of 383 mA h g−1 and is marked by reduced equivalent series resistance (Rs) of 0.66 Ω.CONCLUSIONThrough photoelectrical and electrical analysis, GHD:C‐PVSK has emerged as a sustainable and energy‐efficient material that can be stabilized by suitable thermal modulation and lanthanide doping. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).