bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inheritance and stability of the virus‐resistant gene in the progeny of transgenic sweet potato
Authors: Okada Y. , Nishiguchi M. , Saito A. , Kimura T. , Mori M. , Hanada K. , Sakai J. , Matsuda Y. , Murata T. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractViral diseases of sweet potato are very prevalent and often seriously damaging to the plants. In particular, the severe strain of the sweet potato feathery mottle virus (SPFMV‐S) causes ‘obizyo‐sohi’ disease in Japan. In order to confer viral resistance against SPFMV using current biotechnology, a transgenic sweet potato has been produced, introducing hygromycin‐resistant (hpt) and SPFMV‐S coat protein (CP) genes, which have shown a significant resistance to SPFMV‐S. In the breeding programme, it is important to confirm that the viral resistance conferred in T0 plants can be inherited by their progeny. In the present study, progeny were obtained from crosses between the transgenic T0 and a non‐transgenic variety of sweet potato. The results showed that the CP gene was inherited by the next generation and that the stability of viral resistance was also confirmed. Thus, this production system for the virus‐resistant transgenic sweet potato is useful in practical breeding.
Bread‐making quality in hexaploid tritordeum with substitutions involving chromosome 1D
Authors: Ballesteros J. , Ramirez M. C. , Martinez C. , Barro F. , Martin A. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractHexaploid tritordeum, the amphiploid Hordeum chilense×Triticum turgidum, has potential for bread making. In order to estimate the potential of bread wheat chromosome 1D for improving the bread‐making quality of tritordeum, and the processing properties and agronomic performance of euploid tritordeum, (1Hch)1D and (1A)1D substitution lines have been evaluated in field trials. No significant differences for agronomical traits were observed between the two substitution lines and the sister euploid tritordeum, except for the kernel weight of the (1Hch)1D tritordeum substitution, which was lower than that of euploid tritordeum. Gluten strength, estimated by alveograph deformation energy (W), and loaf volume were substantially higher in both substitution lines than in the euploid tritordeum.
Low Dose Insemination in the Sow – A Review
Authors: Rath D 
Published: March 2003

ContentsArtificial insemination (AI) in pigs has been established for about four decades but ejaculates are still used insufficiently. Higher demand of semen for AI and new techniques that involve low sperm concentration require the optimization of insemination protocols. Based on the knowledge of the physiology of sperm transportation and events in the female genital tract prior to fertilization, new strategies are under development to minimize sperm losses. One goal is to deposit the semen into the uterine horn rather than into the proximal cervix. It was shown that the minimal number of spermatozoa necessary for surgical AI at the utero‐tubal junction (UTJ) were at least 1 × 106 diluted in 0.5 ml of a special extender. Artificial insemination into the distal part of the uterine horn required about 1 × 107 million sperm in 20 ml of extender. Meanwhile, first insemination devices for non‐surgical intra‐uterine AI are commercially available. Using similar sperm concentrations as for surgical AI, non‐surgical uterine insemination did not differ significantly from control inseminations in terms of pregnancy rate and litter size. With respect to the fertilizing capacities of their ejaculates, boars have to be selected more strictly for sperm quality parameters as most of the compensatory effects of sperm cells disappear in maximally extended semen samples.
Motility Characteristics and Fertilizing Capacity of Boar Spermatozoa Stained with Hoechst 33342
Authors: Vazquez JM , Martinez EA , Parrilla I , Gil MA , Lucas X , Roca J 
Published: March 2003

ContentsFlow cytometry sorting of spermatozoa using fluorescence dye Hoechst 33342 is the only effective sex selection methodology validated in numerous laboratories. This study was carried out to determine the effect of Hoechst 33342 on the motility and fertility of stained boar spermatozoa. Experiment 1 evaluated motility parameters (percentage of motile spermatozoa, velocity, angularity and oscillation) of boar spermatozoa stained with Hoechst 33342 by a computer‐aided sperm analysis (CASA) instrument. Spermatozoa (30 million/ml) were divided into five treatment groups and stained during 1 h at 35°C with 9, 18, 27, 60 and 90 μM of H33342. There were no differences in sperm motility patterns nor percentages of motile spermatozoa incubated in the presence of 9, 18 or 27 μM. Percentage of motile spermatozoa and motility parameters decreased significantly (p < 0.05) at 60 μM of Hoechst 33342. Spermatozoa were immotile at concentration of 90 μM. In experiment 2, pregnancy rates, farrowing rates and litter size from sows (n = 275) artificially inseminated (AI) with either Hoechst 33342 stained (27 μM) or unstained (control) spermatozoa were determined. Sows inseminated with stained spermatozoa had no significant lower pregnancy rate (88.33%) as compared with controls (90.32%). Staining neither affected farrowing rates (85.0 vs 87.7%) nor total number of piglets born (10.56 ± 0.32 vs 10.47 ± 0.24, stained and controls, respectively). No phenotypical abnormalities were registered among the newborn piglets. The data suggest that incubating spermatozoa with Hoechst 33342 at levels required for X‐ and Y‐bearing chromosome sperm sorting, does not impair sperm viability or their fertility after AI.
Investigations on the Re‐establishment of the Positive Feedback of Oestradiol during Anoestrus in the Bitch
Authors: Klein R , Schams D , Failing K , Hoffmann B 
Published: March 2003

ContentsTo test for the re‐establishment of the positive feedback of oestradiol (E2) during anoestrus in the dog, the hypothalamo–pituitary–ovarian axis of five beagle bitches was challenged by treatments with oestradiol benzoate (EB), mimicking the course of the pro‐oestric E2 secretion. Treatments in anoestrus started 7 days following the decline of progesterone (P) <1 ng/ml; they were repeated in 5 week intervals until onset of pro‐oestrus; another treatment was performed during dioestrus 50 days after onset of the preceding pro‐oestric bleeding. Each dog served as its own control by receiving vehicle‐treatments in one of the following cycles. Each observation period covered a time window of 168 h and blood samples were collected for the determination of luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH) and E2 in 6 (0–24 h) and 8 h (24–168 h) intervals. In the control periods and as indicated by the parameters area under curve (AUC), basal and maximal values, the availability of LH, FSH and E2 decreased from dioestrus to early anoestrus to increase again during the course of anoestrus (p < 0.05), indicating a gradual desensitization of the hypothalamus towards the negative feedback of oestradiol. At all times treatments with EB lowered the availability of FSH (decreased AUC and basal levels). A delay in the occurrence of the first LH peak after treatments with EB (p < 0.001) and decreased maximal values (p < 0.001) indicated a suppression of the LH‐release. In no case treatment with EB led to a pre‐ovulatory like LH‐surge. In each dog the last trial with EB in anoestrus passed over into pro‐oestrus/oestrus, with a reduced AUC and peak value of the pre‐ovulatory LH‐surge being the only differences to the control group. The observed differences in the response of LH and FSH to treatments with EB point towards subtle differences in the mechanisms controlling the release of these two hormones during anoestrus. From the data obtained, it may be concluded that the time window for E2 to act via a positive feedback seems to be very small and restricted to the end of anoestrus, and that full follicular function is a pre‐requisite to allow for this phenomenon.
The psychiatric consultation‐liaison nurse: Thriving in a general hospital setting
Authors: Sharrock Julie , Happell Brenda 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACT:One outcome of mainstreaming of psychiatric services into the general health system is that nurses working in general hospitals now have increased contact with patients experiencing mental health problems. The literature suggests that general and comprehensive nurses do not believe they have the skills, confidence and knowledge to care adequately for patients in their care who have a mental health problems. The Psychiatric Consultation‐Liaison Nurse (PCLN) can assist and educate general nurses in the care of patients with mental health problems who are receiving care in a medical/surgical setting. This study is based upon the findings of a Nurse Practitioner Pilot Study funded by the Department of Human Services (Victoria). In this paper the authors will present a brief overview of the role and model of practice of the PCLN, the means of referral, a profile of consultations and an overview of educational and policy development activity. The findings of the evaluation based on a combination of a Health Professional Satisfaction Survey and Focus Group Interviews will also be presented. The positive contribution of the PCLN to the confidence of nurses and how this might impact on patient outcomes will be highlighted. The value placed on the PCLN role by general hospital staff is evidence of psychiatric nursing not just surviving but thriving.
Aggressive behaviour and burnout among staff of homes for the elderly
Authors: Evers Will , Tomic Welko , Brouwers André 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACT:This study examines relationships between experienced aggressive behaviour and burnout of staff caring for residents living in homes for the elderly (n = 551). Burnout was conceptualized as a three‐dimensional syndrome consisting of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and reduced personal accomplishment. From the results of the hierarchical regression analyses it appeared that physical and psychological aggression and the number of weekly working hours had a significant relationship with emotional exhaustion of staff. Psychological aggression was found to have a significant relationship with depersonalization. Neither sex nor age had a relationship with any of the burnout dimensions. Implications for research and suggestions for work and training of staff caring for the elderly are discussed.
Transformative change of self: The unique focus of (adolescent) mental health nursing?
Authors: Geanellos Rene 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACT:In mental health nursing, inadequate nursing practice research has resulted in a deficit of knowledge concerning the nurse–client relationship; an area seen as the heart of practice. In turn, the specialty has experienced difficulty in identifying its unique domain of practice. Findings from a hermeneutic study into adolescent mental health nursing explicated its practice knowledge. These findings include (i) ‘engaging in therapeutic relationships’; (ii) ‘guiding the potential for change’; and (iii) ‘facilitating positive outcomes’. A higher order finding was named ‘fostering a functional self’. These findings are discussed. Findings point to the nature, purpose and processes of the nurse–client relationship, and to outcomes from that relationship. It is suggested they also represent a beginning understanding of the specialty's unique contribution to nursing; that mental health nursing fosters transformative change of self.
Does prior training and staff occupation influence knowledge acquisition from an aggression management training program?
Authors: Ilkiw‐Lavalle Olga , Grenyer Brin F. S. , Graham Linda 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACT: Aggression management training has become mandatory for mental health staff in New South Wales, Australia. This study explores the differential effects of knowledge acquisition following a 2‐day intensive training program for 103 mental health staff comprising three groups: (i) nurses, (ii) allied and medical staff, and (iii) ancillary staff. All occupations had significant knowledge gains following training, although knowledge acquisition was less for staff with prior training than for those without. Results suggest previously trained staff would be better suited to shorter, more frequent, on ward skills‐based refresher training.
Older women, medication use and nursing care
Authors: Watson Jennifer , Mitchell Trish , DeCrespigny Charlotte , Grbich Carol , Biggins Annie 
Published: March 2003

Watson J, Mitchell T, deCrespigny C, Grbich C, Biggins A. International Journal of Nursing Practice 1998; 4: 189–196 Older women, medication use and nursing care The purpose of this study is to listen to and interpret the experiences of independent older women in the community regarding their medication use. Their experiences were examined regarding medication information, sources of information, types of medication used, relationships with health care professionals and social support systems. The techniques used for data collection included guided qualitative semistructured interviews based on the principle of empowerment and notions of ideal and nonhierarchical communication. The emergent themes show that for these older women general practitioners were important in their medication experiences. Whilst trusted as carers in the acute care setting, registered nurses did not play a role in the medication experiences of these older women. Registered nurses are perceived as ‘traditional carers’ associated with medical and acute care settings. Although medication issues emerged that ideally required attention, the older women in this study generally perceived themselves to be capable of actively managing their health and medication use.
Pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy
Authors: HÄUSSINGER DIETER , SCHLIESS FREIMUT , KIRCHEIS GERALD 
Published: March 2003

Abstract  Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a neuropsychiatric syndrome during the course of acute or chronic liver disease. It is functional in nature, potentially reversible and precipitated by rather heterogeneous factors. At the neurophysiological level HE is characterized by a low frequent cortico‐cortical electrical coupling, which may explain the cognitive deficits and a low frequent corticomuscular coupling, which may explain the fine motor deficits. Current evidence suggests that HE is the consequence of a low grade chronic glial edema with subsequent alterations of glioneuronal communication. Different factors, such as ammonia, benzodiazepines, inflammatory cytokines can induce or aggravate astrocyte swelling, which results in the activation of osmosignaling cascades, protein modifications, alterations in gene expression and neurotransmission. Among the protein modifications nitration of critical tyrosine residues in glial proteins may play an important role. Several proteins, which are nitrated in response to ammonia, benzodiazepines, hypoosmotic astrocyte swelling or inflammatory cytokines have been identified, inluding glutamine synthetase and the peripheral type benzodiazepine receptor.© 2002 Blackwell Publishing Asia Pty Ltd
Animal models for the study of HBV infection and the evaluation of new anti‐HBV strategies
Authors: ZOULIM F , BERTHILLON P , GUERHIER F LE , SEIGNÈRES B , GERMON S , PICHOUD C , CHENG YC , TRÉPO C 
Published: March 2003

Abstract
Backgroud
: Our aim was to evaluate the anti‐HBV activity of a novel L‐nucleoside analog, 2′,3′‐dideoxy‐2′,3′‐didehydro‐β‐L‐5‐fluorocytidine (β‐L‐Fd4C), in study models of HBV infection.
Method
: Its mechanism of action was evaluated on the in vitro expressed duck HBV (DHBV) reverse transcriptase and in primary hepatocyte cultures of duck and human origin. The capacity of antiviral therapy to clear viral infection was analyzed in vivo in the duck and woodchuck models.
Results
: β‐L‐Fd4C‐TP exhibited a more potent inhibitory effect on the RT activity of the DHBV polymerase than other cytidine analogs (lamivudine‐TP, ddC‐TP, β‐L‐FddC‐TP). In primary duck hepatocyte cultures, β‐L‐Fd4C exhibited a long‐lasting inhibitory effect on viral DNA synthesis but could not clear viral cccDNA. In vivo treatment with β‐L‐Fd4C in infected ducklings and woodchucks, induced a greater suppression of viremia and intrahepatic viral DNA synthesis than with lamivudine. However, covalently closed circular DNA persistence explained the relapse of viral replication after treatment withdrawal. Viral spread was strongly reduced in the case of early therapeutical intervention, but the number of infected cells did not decline when therapy was started during chronic infection. Liver histology analysis showed a decrease in the inflammatory activity of chronic hepatitis while no ultrastructural modification of liver cells was observed in electron microscopy studies. Furthermore, in human primary hepatocyte cultures, β‐L‐Fd4C induced a significant inhibition of HBV DNA synthesis.
Conclusion
: β‐L‐Fd4C is a potent inhibitor of hepadnavirus RT and inhibits viral DNA synthesis in hepatocytes both in vitro and in vivo. These experimental studies allowed as to show that β‐L‐Fd4C is a promising anti‐HBV agent. Combination therapy should be evaluated to eradicate viral infection.© 2002 Blackwell Publishing Asia Pty Ltd
CASE REPORT: Isolated gastric tuberculosis of the cardia
Authors: Lin Otto , Wu Shun‐Sheng , Yeh Kun‐Tu , Soon Maw‐Soan 
Published: March 2003

Background: Isolated gastric tuberculosis is extremely rare, especially in the subcardiac region, where the low pH, high motility and absence of lymphoid tissue result in an unfavourable environment for the development of tuberculous lesions. Methods and Results: Here we present a case of isolated gastric tuberculosis in the gastric cardia with no evidence of pulmonary involvement. Our patient was a young man with vague gastrointestinal symptoms and no previous history of tuberculosis. His condition was first detected on upper endoscopy as a raised subcardiac ulcer similar in appearance to a submucosal tumour. An endoscopic forceps biopsy showed the presence of caseating granulomata and acid‐fast bacilli. The lesion resolved completely with 12 months of oral anti‐tuberculosis therapy. Conclusions: This case illustrates the need for a high index of suspicion in order to diagnose this rare condition, as it can present in patients with no particular risk factors or symptoms. Once diagnosed, a complete cure can often be achieved with a course of oral anti‐tuberculosis medication, with surgery being reserved for severely symptomatic or refractory lesions.
Role of anti‐Helicobacter pylori treatment in H. pylori‐positive and cytoprotective drugs in H. pylori‐negative, non‐ulcer dyspepsia: Results of a randomized, double‐blind, controlled trial in Asian Indians
Authors: Dhali Gopal Krishan , Garg Pramod Kumar , Sharma Mahesh Prakash 
Published: March 2003

Abstract
Background
: The efficacy of anti‐Helicobacter pylori treatment and cytoprotective drugs in H. pylori‐positive and ‐negative non‐ulcer dyspepsia (NUD), respectively, is debatable.
Methods
: In a randomized study, the efficacy of anti‐H. pylori treatment versus sucralphate was tested in patients with NUD. One hundred and twelve patients with NUD, 62 positive and 50 negative for H. pylori were studied. Of 62 patients positive for H. pylori, 32 were treated with triple therapy (colloidal bismuth subcitrate, tetracycline and metronidazole) for 2 weeks and the remaining 30 were treated with sucralphate (1 g, q.i.d.) for 4 weeks. Of 50 patients negative for H. pylori, 25 each were treated with either sucralphate (1 g, q.i.d.) or ranitidine (150 mg, b.d.) for 4 weeks.
Results
: In patients with NUD and H. pylori infection, triple therapy eradicated H. pylori in 88% and was superior to sucralphate in producing symptom relief (81 vs 33%, P = 0.0003) and histological improvement in gastritis (73 vs 30%, P = 0.003). In the H. pylori‐negative group, sucralphate was superior to ranitidine with regard to symptom relief (68 vs 36%, P = 0.04) and improvement in gastritis (44 vs 12%, P = 0.09). The symptomatic improvement persisted until 12 weeks after the start of treatment in triple therapy group only.
Conclusions
: In patients with NUD associated with H. pylori, triple therapy was better than sucralphate in terms of symptomatic and histological improvement. However, sucralphate was superior to ranitidine in providing symptom relief in patients with H. pylori‐negative NUD.© 1999 Blackwell Science Asia Pty Ltd
Long‐term survival among patients operated upon for peptic ulcer disease
Authors: Duggan John M , Zinsmeister Alan R , Kelly Keith A , Melton L Joseph Melton 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBackground: Although surgery has been used widely for treating peptic ulcer disease, there is conflicting evidence with respect to subsequent life expectancy and the determinants of mortality. Our aim was to compare long‐term survival in a large, population‐based cohort of operated patients with that expected in the general population.Methods: We followed 471 Rochester, Minnesota residents who had surgery for peptic ulcer at the Mayo Clinic during 1956–85 for a total of 6174 person‐years. Patients were followed through their complete (inpatient and outpatient) medical records in the community until death or last clinical contact and death certificates were obtained for all who succumbed. We compared observed survival and cause‐specific death rates in this cohort with expected values and identified the determinants of short (30 day) and long‐term mortality.Results and Conclusions: Survival was worse than expected, but excess deaths were confined to those with perforated ulcers (42 deaths observed; 18.8 expected). Independent predictors of death included age, male gender, emergency operation, gastric ulcer and cigarette smoking. Most deaths were due to heart disease and cancer, but only those due to digestive diseases (standardized mortality ratio (SMR) 3.8, 95% CI 2.4–5.7) and respiratory diseases (SMR 1.9, 95% CI 1.3–2.7) were increased compared to expected figures. Overall survival was reduced in this cohort but was normal among those whose ulcers were not perforated. However, the data suggest an adverse role for alcohol and smoking in these patients.© 1999 Blackwell Science Asia Pty Ltd