bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Direct and higher‐order interactions in plant communities under increasing weather persistence
Authors: Reynaert Simon , Lembrechts Jonas J. , De Boeck Hans J. , Donnelly Chase , Zi Lin , Li Lingjuan , Nijs Ivan 
Published: December 2023

Climate change is increasing the weather persistence in the mid‐latitudes, prolonging both dry and wet spells compared to historic averages. These newly emerging environmental conditions destabilize plant communities, but the role of species interactions in this process is unknown. Here, we tested how direct and higher‐order interactions (HOIs) between species may change in synthesized grassland communities along an experimental gradient of increasing persistence in precipitation regimes. Our results indicate that species interactions (including HOIs) are an important determinant of plant performance under increasing weather persistence. Out of the 12 most parsimonious models predicting species productivity, 75% contained significant direct interactions and 92% significant HOIs. Inclusion of direct interactions or HOIs respectively tripled or quadrupled the explained variance of target species biomass compared to null models only including the precipitation treatment. Drought was the main driver of plant responses, with longer droughts increasing direct competition but also HOI‐driven facilitation. Despite these counteracting changes, drought intensified net competition. Grasses were generally more involved in competitive interactions whereas legumes were more involved in facilitative interactions. Under longer drought, species affinity for nutrient rich or wet environments resulted in more negative direct interactions or HOIs, respectively. We conclude that HOIs, crucially depending on species identity, only partially stabilize community dynamics under increasing weather persistence.Keywords: drought, facilitation and competition, grasslands, higher‐order interactions, increasing weather persistence, species interactions
Changes in the Lateral Acromion Angle in Rotator Cuff Tear Patients with Acromioplasty
Authors: Hong Gang , Kong Xiaochuan , Zhang Le , Zheng Yingfeng , Fan Ning , Zang Lei 
Published: December 2023

BackgroundArthroscopic surgery has been established as an efficacious intervention for the treatment of rotator cuff tears. The primary aim of this study was to analyze the modifications in the lateral acromial angle (LAA) subsequent to rotator cuff repair surgery using single‐row rivet fixation and double‐row rivet fixation techniques. Furthermore, we sought to investigate the influence of LAA on the prognosis of rotator cuff repair surgery.MethodThis observational study retrospectively enrolled 105 patients diagnosed with degenerative rotator cuff tears who underwent arthroscopic rotator cuff repair between 2016 and 2019. Following the exclusion of two patients with subscapularis or superior labrum anterior and posterior (SLAP) tears, as well as three patients who were lost to follow‐up, a cohort of 100 patients was included for clinical and imaging evaluation. Among these individuals, 50 were assigned to the double‐row repair group, whereas the remaining 50 comprised the single‐row repair group. Bilateral shoulder magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans were conducted no less than 24 months post‐surgery. Experienced arthroscopic surgeons, blinded to the LAA measurements, assessed the rotator interval (RI) using a control MRI. Functional assessment was performed using the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) quick disability of the shoulder and arm, shoulder and hand (qDASH) score. The Wilcoxon signed‐rank test for dependent samples was employed to compare data between the pre‐ and post‐intervention groups. Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated to evaluate the relationship between different parameters.ResultsThe study population consisted of 73 female patients and 27 male patients, with a mean age of 58.32 ± 5.29 years and a mean follow‐up duration of 25.88 ± 8.11 months. Preoperatively, the mean LAA was 75.81° ± 11.28°, RI was 4.78 ± 0.62, UCLA score was 17.54 ± 2.44, and qDASH score was 2.45 ± 0.25. The average tear size was 8.95 ± 2.11 mm. A statistically significant difference in LAA was observed between the preoperative and postoperative measurements, with the double‐row repair group exhibiting a greater LAA than the single‐row repair group. Finally, a significant correlation was identified between LAA, RI, and qDASH scores after a 24‐month follow‐up period.ConclusionAccording to our findings, the utilization of double‐row rivet fixation has a greater LAA angle than single‐row rivet fixation. Moreover, this preservation of LAA is significantly associated with the functional recovery of the shoulder joint.
Clinical outcomes of left bundle branch area pacing: Prognosis and specific applications
Authors: Yang Zhen , Liang Jiadong , Chen Ruizhe , Pang Naidong , Zhang Nan , Guo Min , Gao Jia , Wang Rui 
Published: December 2023

AbstractCardiac pacing has become a widely accepted treatment strategy for bradyarrhythmia and heart failure. However, conventional right ventricular pacing (RVP) has been associated with electrical dyssynchrony, which may result in atrial fibrillation and heart failure. To achieve physiological pacing, Deshmukh et al. reported the first case of His bundle pacing (HBP) in 2000. This strategy was reported to have preserved ventricular synchronization by activating the conventional conduction system. Nonetheless, due to the anatomical location of the His bundle (HB), several issues such as high pacing thresholds, lead fixation, and early battery depletion may pose a challenge. Recently, left bundle branch area pacing (LBBAP) has emerged as a novel physiological pacing strategy to achieve conduction system pacing by capturing the left bundle branch through the deep septum. Additionally, several studies have investigated the clinical outcomes of LBBAP. In this paper, we describe the pacing parameters, QRS duration (QRSd), cardiac function, complications, and specific applications of LBBAP in recent years.
Redox regulation in chloroplast thylakoid lumen: The pmf changes everything, again
Authors: Hoh Donghee , Froehlich John E. , Kramer David M. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPhotosynthesis is the foundation of life on Earth. However, if not well regulated, it can also generate excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can cause photodamage. Regulation of photosynthesis is highly dynamic, responding to both environmental and metabolic cues, and occurs at many levels, from light capture to energy storage and metabolic processes. One general mechanism of regulation involves the reversible oxidation and reduction of protein thiol groups, which can affect the activity of enzymes and the stability of proteins. Such redox regulation has been well studied in stromal enzymes, but more recently, evidence has emerged of redox control of thylakoid lumenal enzymes. This review/hypothesis paper summarizes the latest research and discusses several open questions and challenges to achieving effective redox control in the lumen, focusing on the distinct environments and regulatory components of the thylakoid lumen, including the need to transport electrons across the thylakoid membrane, the effects of pH changes by the proton motive force (pmf) in the stromal and lumenal compartments, and the observed differences in redox states. These constraints suggest that activated oxygen species are likely to be major regulatory contributors to lumenal thiol redox regulation, with key components and processes yet to be discovered.
PHR1 involved in the regulation of low phosphate‐induced leaf senescence by modulating phosphorus homeostasis in Arabidopsis
Authors: Zhang Jian‐Feng , Wang You‐Yi , He Le , Yan Jing‐Yi , Liu Ying‐Ying , Ruan Zhao‐Yang , Liu Wen‐Cheng , Yi Long , Ren Feng 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPhosphorus (P) is a crucial macronutrient for plant growth, development, and reproduction. The effects of low P (LP) stress on leaf senescence and the role of PHR1 in LP‐induced leaf senescence are still unknown. Here, we report that PHR1 plays a crucial role in LP‐induced leaf senescence, showing delayed leaf senescence in phr1 mutant and accelerated leaf senescence in 35S:PHR1 transgenic Arabidopsis under LP stress. The transcriptional profiles indicate that 763 differentially expressed SAGs (DE‐SAGs) were upregulated and 134 DE‐SAGs were downregulated by LP stress. Of the 405 DE‐SAGs regulated by PHR1, 27 DE‐SAGs were involved in P metabolism and transport. PHR1 could bind to the promoters of six DE‐SAGs (RNS1, PAP17, SAG113, NPC5, PLDζ2, and Pht1;5), and modulate them in LP‐induced senescing leaves. The analysis of RNA content, phospholipase activity, acid phosphatase activity, total P and phosphate content also revealed that PHR1 promotes P liberation from senescing leaves and transport to young tissues under LP stress. Our results indicated that PHR1 is one of the crucial modulators for P recycling and redistribution under LP stress, and the drastic decline of P level is at least one of the causes of early senescence in P‐deficient leaves.
Proteasome‐associated autoinflammatory syndrome 2 in a neonate
Authors: Zhang Feihong , Ma Na , Zhang Li , Xia Bin , Yang Rong , Hu Yong 
Published: December 2023

AbstractProteasome‐associated autoinflammatory syndrome‐2 (PRAAS2) is characterized by early onset combined immunodeficiency, inflammatory neutrophilic dermatosis, and autoimmunity. We report the case of a premature baby (GA 35+5 weeks) born with disseminated and confluent red papules, diagnosed with PRAAS2. A novel de novo frameshift proteasome maturation protein (POMP) mutation (c.333delT (p.t111fs)) was detected, confirming the diagnosis.
Pro‐environmental practice among young population: A scoping review
Authors: Upendra Sheela , Kaur Jasneet , Barde Sheetal 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIntroThere is an inequality between pro‐environmental knowledge acquisition and behavior. A change in behavior is required to solve both current and future environmental challenges since human behavior has an influence on pro‐environmental practices.ObjectiveOf the study was to carry out a critical analysis of current literature on Pro‐environmental practices among the Young population.MethodThe research question formulation on PICO served as the foundation for the search approach. Keywords were searched in different combinations from the popular databases SCOPUS, PubMed, Medline, Google Scholar, EMBASE, Google and Cochrane library Boolean operators (AND and OR) and keywords were employed in the search to avoid oversaturating the data. Fifteen full‐text articles were selected for the study.ResultReview studies confirmed that youth engagement is highly valued, with evidence from increasing usage of information and communication technologies (education and environmental consciousness among young people. Analysis of pro‐environmental practices and environmental behavior has to be given greater attention considering to the adverse impacts of the existing lifestyle on the environment. This made it possible to incorporate and simultaneously explore a variety of variables and effects on environmental practices, furthering the understanding of how these are interpreted.ConclusionThis study pointed up and made contributions to the expanding field of environmental practices barriers. The challenges found should be taken into account in its entirety and utilized to directly inform policies and procedures in order to promote adoption for practices reduction and remove the obstacles inhibiting change.
Instability of near‐extreme solutions to the Whitham equation
Authors: Carter John D. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe Whitham equation is a model for the evolution of small‐amplitude, unidirectional waves of all wavelengths in shallow water. It has been shown to accurately model the evolution of waves in laboratory experiments. We compute ‐periodic traveling wave solutions of the Whitham equation and numerically study their stability with a focus on solutions with large steepness.We show that the Hamiltonian oscillates at least twice as a function of wave steepness when the solutions are sufficiently steep. We show that a superharmonic instability is created at each extremum of the Hamiltonian and that between each extremum the stability spectra undergo similar bifurcations. Finally, we compare these results with those from the Euler equations.
Examining state self‐criticism and self‐efficacy as factors underlying hopelessness and suicidal ideation
Authors: Brott Katherine Hyde , Veilleux Jennifer C. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIntroductionWhen people feel hopeless, they are more likely to think about suicide. Prior work has shown that both hopelessness and suicidal ideation fluctuate over time; however, there are likely other contextual factors underlying increased hopelessness and suicidal ideation in moments of time.MethodIn two studies using retrospective recall of a real event (Study 1, n = 268) and an experimental imaginal vignette design (Study 2, n = 356), we examined self‐criticism and self‐efficacy for self‐regulation as crucial factors underlying hopelessness in people vulnerable to suicidal ideation.ResultsIn both studies, greater state self‐criticism and lower state self‐efficacy were associated with greater hopelessness. In Study 2, we also measured suicidal ideation, and found that higher self‐criticism and lower self‐efficacy for self‐regulation scores were associated with greater suicidal ideation, even when controlling for negative affect. Evidence of an interaction between self‐criticism and self‐efficacy was found with scores in Study 2 but not in Study 1; specifically, lower self‐efficacy was associated with greater ideation when self‐criticism was high but not when self‐criticism was low.ConclusionOverall, results support self‐criticism and self‐efficacy as important contextual factors underlying hopelessness and suicidal ideation and attending to the potential interactive effect between self‐criticism and self‐efficacy.
Chromosome‐level genome of putative autohexaploid Actinidia deliciosa provides insights into polyploidisation and evolution
Authors: Liu Yongbo , Zhou Yi , Cheng Feng , Zhou Renchao , Yang Yinqing , Wang Yanchang , Zhang Xingtan , Soltis Douglas E. , Xiao Nengwen , Quan Zhanjun , Li Junsheng 
Published: December 2023

SUMMARYActinidia (‘Mihoutao’ in Chinese) includes species with complex ploidy, among which diploid Actinidia chinensis and hexaploid Actinidia deliciosa are economically and nutritionally important fruit crops. Actinidia deliciosa has been proposed to be an autohexaploid (2n = 174) with diploid A. chinensis (2n = 58) as the putative parent. A CCS‐based assembly anchored to a high‐resolution linkage map provided a chromosome‐resolved genome for hexaploid A. deliciosa yielded a 3.91‐Gb assembly of 174 pseudochromosomes comprising 29 homologous groups with 6 members each, which contain 39 854 genes with an average of 4.57 alleles per gene. Here we provide evidence that much of the hexaploid genome matches diploid A. chinensis; 95.5% of homologous gene pairs exhibited >90% similarity. However, intragenome and intergenome comparisons of synteny indicate chromosomal changes. Our data, therefore, indicate that if A. deliciosa is an autoploid, chromosomal rearrangement occurred following autohexaploidy. A highly diversified pattern of gene expression and a history of rapid population expansion after polyploidisation likely facilitated the adaptation and niche differentiation of A. deliciosa in nature. The allele‐defined hexaploid genome of A. deliciosa provides new genomic resources to accelerate crop improvement and to understand polyploid genome evolution.
Double modals in Australian and New Zealand English
Authors: Morin Cameron , Coats Steven 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis paper reports the first large‐scale corpus study of double modal usage in Australian and New Zealand Englishes, based on a multi‐million‐word corpus of geolocated automatic speech recognition transcripts from YouTube. Double modals are considered rare grammatical features of English, which have long been extremely difficult to observe in natural language due to low frequencies, non‐standardness, and restriction to oral speech registers. In addition, it has generally been assumed that they make up small sets of diachronically related forms, whose geographical distribution is mainly restricted to the Southern US and the North of the UK. Our results challenge these long‐standing assumptions by presenting the first inventory of double modals observed outside of these regions, thanks to computational sociolinguistic methods. Overall, we identify and map 474 double modal tokens distributed in 51 types, an unexpectedly large collection of forms used with varying frequencies across Australia and New Zealand. We consider the relevance of our results for three specific new claims concerning the diversity, complexity, and origins of double modals in English world‐wide.
Long‐term trends and spatial patterns of West Nile Virus emergence in California, 2004–2021
Authors: Bayles Brett R. , George Michaela F. , Christofferson Rebecca C. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAimsWest Nile Virus (WNV) has remained a persistent source of vector‐borne disease risk in California since first being identified in the state in 2003. The geographic distribution of WNV activity is relatively widespread, but varies considerably across different regions within the state. Spatial variation in human WNV infection depends upon social‐ecological factors that influence mosquito populations and virus transmission dynamics. Measuring changes in spatial patterns over time is necessary for uncovering the underlying regional drivers of disease risk.Methods and ResultsIn this study, we utilized statewide surveillance data to quantify temporal changes and spatial patterns of WNV activity in California. We obtained annual WNV mosquito surveillance data from 2004 through 2021 from the California Arbovirus Surveillance Program. Geographic coordinates for mosquito pools were analysed using a suite of spatial statistics to identify and classify patterns in WNV activity over time.ConclusionsWe detected clear patterns of non‐random WNV risk during the study period, including emerging hot spots in the Central Valley and non‐random periods of oscillating WNV risk in Southern and Northern California subregions. Our findings offer new insights into 18 years of spatio‐temporal variation in WNV activity across California, which may be used for targeted surveillance efforts and public health interventions.
Row‐Hamiltonian Latin squares and Falconer varieties
Authors: Allsop Jack , Wanless Ian M. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractA Latin square is a matrix of symbols such that each symbol occurs exactly once in each row and column. A Latin square is row‐Hamiltonian if the permutation induced by each pair of distinct rows of is a full cycle permutation. Row‐Hamiltonian Latin squares are equivalent to perfect 1‐factorisations of complete bipartite graphs. For the first time, we exhibit a family of Latin squares that are row‐Hamiltonian and also achieve precisely one of the related properties of being column‐Hamiltonian or symbol‐Hamiltonian. This family allows us to construct non‐trivial, anti‐associative, isotopically ‐closed loop varieties, solving an open problem posed by Falconer in 1970.
Climate Change, Extreme Heat, and South Asian Megacities: Impact of Heat Stress on Inhabitants and Their Productivity
Authors: Debnath Kumar Biswajit , Jenkins David , Patidar Sandhya , Peacock Andrew D. , Bridgens Ben 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Of the 33 global megacities, 10 were situated in South Asia. Extreme heat waves have become an annual phenomenon due to climate change in South Asian megacities, causing severe health issues and even deaths. In this study, we evaluated 29 years (1990–2019) of historical data on heat stress in ten selected megacities (existing and prospective)—New Delhi, Dhaka, Mumbai, Kolkata, Ahmedabad, Chennai, Bengaluru, Hyderabad, Chittagong, and Pune—in India and Bangladesh. We used heat index (HI) and environmental stress index (ESI) analyses to evaluate stress and vulnerability. Our results showed New Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, Ahmedabad, and Chennai in India; Dhaka and Chittagong in Bangladesh were already experiencing an elevated number of hours of “danger” levels of heat stress, which may lead to heat cramps, exhaustion, stroke, and even death. Furthermore, the frequency of “danger” levels of heat stress and vulnerable levels of ESI has increased significantly since 2011 in the selected megacities, which elevated the heat-related vulnerability among the millions of inhabitants in terms of work hours lost for light, moderate, and heavy work due to heat stress. The vulnerable population in the studied megacities might have to reduce annual work hours by 0.25–860.6 h (light work), 43–1595.9 h (moderate work), and 291–2402 h (heavy work) due to extreme heat in 1990–2019. We also discussed the implication of the work-hour loss on productivity, income, gross domestic product, and sustainable development goal progress because of heat stress and its causes and suggested recommendations to reduce its impact.
Improvements in the Prediction of Steady and Unsteady Transition and Mixing in Low-Pressure Turbines by Means of Machine-Learnt Closures
Authors: Pacciani Roberto , Marconcini Michele , Arnone Andrea , Bertini Francesco , Spano Ennio , Rosa Taddei Simone , Sandberg Richard D. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
In this article, novel machine-learnt transition and turbulence models are applied to the prediction of boundary-layer transition and wake mixing in a low-pressure turbine (LPT) cascade, including unsteady inflow cases with incoming wakes. A laminar kinetic energy (LKE) transport approach is employed as baseline transition framework. The application of the machine-learnt explicit algebraic Reynolds stress models (EARSMs) takes advantage of a zonal strategy based on a newly developed sensing function that allows automated wake demarcation. This work compares the performance of several approaches that are based on the application of improved transition models without machine learnt EARSMs, baseline transition model with EARSMs trained for improved wake mixing, and new transition and turbulence closures that are simultaneously developed in a fully coupled way and aimed at improving both transition and wake mixing predictions in LPTs. The investigation is carried out on a cascade of industrial footprint, representative of modern LPT bladings. First, the various modeling frameworks are evaluated, without bar wakes (steady conditions), over a wide range of Reynolds number values. Unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (URANS) analyses have also been carried out to investigate the predictive capabilities of machine-learnt closures in the presence of incoming bar wakes. Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS)/URANS results are scrutinized against large eddy simulation (LES) calculations and experimental data. It will be demonstrated that machine-learnt EARSMs are capable of producing realistic wake mixing when simply applied on top of the baseline transition models. However, the most accurate predictions will be shown to be provided by fully integrated machine-learnt transition/turbulence closures.