bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
IGF‐1 and BDNF promote chick bulbospinal neurite outgrowth in vitro
Authors: Salie Rishard , Steeves John D. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractInjured neurons in the CNS do not experience significant functional regeneration and so spinal cord insult often results in permanently compromised locomotor ability. The capability of a severed axon to re‐grow is thought to depend on numerous factors, one of which is the decreased availability of neurotrophic factors. Application of trophic factors to axotomized neurons has been shown to enhance survival and neurite outgrowth. Although brainstem–spinal connections play a pivotal role in motor dysfunction after spinal cord injury, relatively little is known about the trophic sensitivity of these populations. This study explores the response of bulbospinal populations to various trophic factors. Several growth factors were initially examined for potential trophic effects on the projection neurons of the brainstem. Brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and insulin‐like growth factor (IGF‐1) significantly enhance mean process length in both the vestibulospinal neurons and spinal projection neurons from the raphe nuclei. Nerve growth factor (NGF), neurotrophin‐4 (NT‐4) and glial derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) did not effect process outgrowth in vestibulospinal neurons. At the developmental stages used in this study, it was determined that receptors for BDNF and IGF‐1 were present both on bulbospinal neurons and on surrounding cells with a non‐neuronal morphology.
Caveolin isoform expression during differentiation of C6 glioma cells
Authors: Silva W.I. , Maldonado H.M. , Velázquez G. , Rubio‐Dávila M. , Miranda J.D. , Aquino E. , Mayol N. , Cruz‐Torres A. , Jardón J. , Salgado‐Villanueva I.K. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractCaveolae, a specialized form of lipid rafts, are cholesterol‐ and sphingolipid‐rich membrane microdomains implicated in potocytosis, endocytosis, transcytosis, and as platforms for signal transduction. One of the major constituents of caveolae are three highly homologous caveolin isoforms (caveolin‐1, caveolin‐2, and caveolin‐3). The present study expands the analysis of caveolin isoform expression in C6 glioma cells. Three complementary approaches were used to assess their differential expression during the dibutyryl‐cyclic AMP‐induced differentiation of C6 cells into an astrocyte‐like phenotype. Immunoblotting, conventional RT‐PCR, and real‐time RT‐PCR analysis established the expression of the caveolin‐3 isoform in C6 cells, in addition to caveolin‐1 and caveolin‐2. Similar to the other isoforms, caveolin‐3 was associated with light‐density, detergent‐insoluble caveolae membrane fractions obtained using sucrose‐density gradient centrifugation. The three caveolin isoforms display different temporal patterns of mRNA/protein expression during the differentiation of C6 cells. Western blot and real‐time RT‐PCR analysis demonstrate that caveolin‐1 and caveolin‐2 are up‐regulated during the late stages of the differentiation of C6 cells. Meanwhile, caveolin‐3 is gradually down‐regulated during the differentiation process. Indirect immunofluorescence analysis via laser‐scanning confocal microscopy reveals that the three caveolin isoforms display similar subcellular distribution patterns. In addition, co‐localization of caveolin‐1/caveolin‐2 and caveolin‐1/caveolin‐3 was detected in both C6 glioma phenotypes. The findings reveal a differential temporal pattern of caveolin gene expression during phenotypic differentiation of C6 glioma cells, with potential implications to developmental and degenerative events in the brain.
Nasal Obstruction is the Key Symptom in Hay Fever Patients
Authors: Ciprandi Giorgio , Cirillo Cirillo , Klersy Catherine , Marseglia Gian Luigi , Caimmi Davide , Vizzaccaro Andrea 
Published: September 2005

BACKGROUNDAllergic rhinitis is characterized by a Th2‐dependent inflammation. Nasal obstruction largely depends on allergic inflammation.OBJECTIVEThe aim of this study was to evaluate the possible role of the symptom nasal obstruction in assessing patients with hay fever.METHODSFifty patients (mean age, 23.7 ± 4.9 years) with hay fever were evaluated both during and outside pollen season. All of them had moderate‐severe grade of nasal obstruction. Total symptom score (TSS), rhinomanometry, nasal lavage, nasal scraping, spirometry, and methacholine bronchial challenge were performed in all subjects.RESULTSDuring the pollen season, patients with severe nasal obstruction showed significantly higher values of TSS, IL‐4, IL‐5, IL‐8, nasal eosinophils and neutrophils, and significantly lower values of nasal airflow, IFNγ, FEV1, FVC, and FEF 25‐75 in comparison with patients with moderate nasal obstruction. Twenty (83%) patients with severe nasal obstruction showed bronchial hyperreactivity (BHR), whereas only 6 (25%) patients with moderate nasal obstruction had BHR. Outside the pollen season overlapping results were observed.CONCLUSIONSThis study provides evidence about the key role played by nasal obstruction in assessing patients with allergic rhinitis.
The Role of Vestibular Rehabilitation in the Treatment of Meniere's Disease
Authors: Gottshall Kim R. , Hoffer Michael E. , Moore Robert J. , Balough Ben J. 
Published: September 2005

OBJECTIVETo study the role of vestibular rehabilitation is treating patients with Meniere's disease.METHODSWe examined all Meniere's patients presenting to our tertiary care specialized vestibular clinic during a 1‐year period. All patients underwent a standardized history and physical examination, a complete auditory‐vestibular test battery, and a set of physical therapy tools to measure balance function.RESULTSA subset of patients suffered from disequilibrium or unsteadiness between attacks. Once the acute fluctuating symptoms of Meniere's were controlled in this group of individuals, all of them underwent vestibular physical therapy and demonstrated significant improvement in balance function on both objective and self‐report tests.CONCLUSIONSDue to the fluctuating nature of the disorder, vestibular physical therapy has had a limited role in the treatment of Meniere's disease. In general, rehabilitation has been used only as a postoperative treatment for the acute vertigo seen after vestibular neurectomy or labyrinthectomy. This is the first report advocating the role of vestibular physical therapy in a group of patients receiving medical therapy of intraear medicines (other that gentamicin).
Variations in effects of monetary policy on stock market returns in the past four decades
Authors: He Ling T. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractStock prices are sensitive to monetary policy. However, the sensitivities are not stable over time. A drastic change in monetary policy can alter effects of monetary policy on stock returns. This study finds that stock prices can be affected by current changes, unexpected changes, or near‐future changes in the funds/discount rates, due to different policy goals or targets in different periods. Specifically, this study provides empirical evidence that monetary policy influences the stock market in different ways in the 1960s, the 1970s, the Volcker and Greenspan periods.
Growth of single crystal ZnO nanorods on GaN using an aqueous solution method
Authors: Le H. Q. , Chua S. J. , Koh Y. W. , Loh K. P. , Chen Z. , Thompson C. V. , Fitzgerald E. A. 
Published: August 2005

Uniformly distributed ZnO nanorods with diameter 80–120nm and 2μm long have been grown at low temperatures on gallium nitride (GaN) by using the inexpensive aqueous solution method. The formation of the ZnO nanorods and the growth parameters are controlled by reactant concentration, temperature and pH. No catalyst is required. The x-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) studies show that the ZnO nanorods are single crystals and they grow along the c axis of the crystal plane. The room temperature photoluminescence (PL) measurements have shown ultraviolet peaks at 388nm with high intensity, which are comparable to those found in high quality ZnO films. The mechanism of the nanorod growth in the aqueous solution is also proposed.
At the request of the authors, this article is being retracted effective 8 December 2010.
Ewing′s Sarcoma of the Upper Extremity: Presenting Symptoms, Diagnostic Delay and Outcome
Authors: Simpson Philip M. S. , Reid Robin , Porter Daniel 
Published: September 2005

Purpose:To look at the presenting features, Enneking stage, size of primary tumour, method of treatment and patient and
doctor delays in upper extremity Ewing′s sarcoma to observe the effects on local recurrence, metastasis and survival.Patients and methods:Nineteen patients with upper extremity Ewing′s sarcoma were identified using the Scottish Bone
Tumour Registry over the past 40 years.Results:With increasing tumour Enneking stage at presentation there was a significantly higher mortality (P=0.02).
Patients with a higher Enneking stage also had an increased trend towards local recurrence (P=0.08). Stage did not
influence the occurrence of metastasis. Patients with larger tumours tended to have a higher mortality (50 vs. 27% dead at 5
years). All patients presented clinically with pain and all but two complained of some sort of swelling. There was a trend
towards a higher Enneking Stage in patients presenting with a longer duration of symptoms (P=0.1). No difference in
survival was noted between patients undergoing surgery and chemotherapy and patients undergoing radiotherapy and
chemotherapy. Disease‐free survival was 100% at both 5 and 10 years for Enneking stage IIA, 56% at 5 and 10 years for
stage IIB and 0% at 5 years for stage III.Discussion:This study re‐emphasises the potential importance of a diagnostic delay on outcome. Longer symptom duration
is associated with a higher Enneking stage at presentation. In turn a higher presenting stage results in a higher mortality.
Pain and swelling are prominent clinical findings at first presentation in upper extremity Ewing′s.
Relationship of Fungal Vaginitis Therapy to Prior Antibiotic Exposure
Authors: Glover Douglas D. , Larsen Bryan 
Published: September 2005

Objective: To address the putative association of antibiotic use and subsequent yeast vaginitis in a population of
non‐pregnant women.Methods: Three hundred and sixteen women who received medical care in rural family medicine clinics enrolled
in this study. Participants were pre‐menopausal and non‐pregnant and were followed until they used a course of
antifungal therapy for vaginitis, became pregnant or moved from the catchment area. At entry subjects were free
of vaginitis symptoms and had taken no antibiotics for 30 days.
Patients were followed by repeated review of clinic records, hospital records and telephone or personal interviews.
Data collection included documentation of episodes of antifungal treatment for vulvovaginal candidiasis and
confirmed antibiotic treatment or credible history of antibiotic use prior to the use of antifungal therapy.
Physician‐reported uses of antibiotic and antifungal as well as patient‐reported uses of these were recorded.Results: There were four reported cases of antifungal therapy following within a month of antibiotic use, in
contrast to 484 antibiotic uses not followed by antifungal use. If time of observation was extended to 6 months
from antibiotic use, there were 13 uses of antifungal therapy after antibiotics and 475 uses of antibiotics not
followed by antifungal therapy.Conclusion: Our results cast doubt on the association of antibiotics as a putative cause of yeast vulvovaginitis.
A Case of Ovarian Actinomycosis
Authors: Iwasaki Masahiro , Nishikawa Akira , Akutagawa Noriyuki , Fujimoto Takashi , Teramoto Mizue , Kudo Ryuichi 
Published: September 2005

Background: Pelvic actinomycosis is uncommon and often presents as a complication of an intrauterine device
(IUD). A diagnosis of actinomycosis can be made from the finding of sulfur granules within inflammatory exudate
on histologic examination after surgery. However, it may be possible to diagnose actinomycosis before surgery
by finding Actinomyces‐like organisms on Papanicolaou smears.Case: A 41‐year‐old woman had been diagnosed as having a pelvic abscess, and bilateral salpingo‐oophorectomy
was performed. She had been an IUD user for 6 years. Actinomyces‐like organisms were detected in her previous
Papanicolaou cervical smears. If the patient had been treated when the Actinomyces‐like organisms were detected
by Papanicolaou smears, the serious ovarian actinomycosis might have been avoided.Conclusion: We suggest that routine cervical examinations are important for women who are IUD users.
The Efficacy of Vaginal Clindamycin for the Treatment ofAbnormal Genital Tract Flora in Pregnancy
Authors: Lamont Ronald F. , Jones Brian M. , Mandal Debashis , Hay Philip E. , Sheehan Marie 
Published: September 2005

Objective: To assess the efficacy of 2% clindamycin vaginal cream (CVC) to treat bacterial vaginosis (BV) in
pregnancy.Methods: A prospective, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, tricenter study. Four hundred and four
women with BV on Gram stain at their first antenatal clinic visit were randomized to receive a 3‐day course of
2% CVC or placebo. The outcome was assessed using an intention to treat analysis at 3 weeks and 6 weeks
post‐treatment according to three different diagnostic methods based on five criteria (Gram stain and all four
elements of clinical composite criteria: vaginal discharge, abnormal vaginal pH, clue cells, amine odor), three
criteria (vaginal pH, clue cells, amine odor) or two criteria (clue cells and amine odor) to reflect stringency of
diagnosis, historical precedence and government agency recommendations respectively.Results: Using five diagnostic criteria, 18% of CVC patients were cured and 70.8% either cured and/or improved
compared to 1.6% and 12% of placebo patients respectively (p < 0.0001). Using three diagnostic criteria, 44.8%
of CVC patients were cured and 77.3% were either cured and/or improved compared to 9.3% and 28.8% of
placebo patients respectively (p < 0.0001). Using two diagnostic criteria, 75.0% of CVC patients were cured
compared to 18.0% of placebo patients (p < 0.0001). Recurrence rates in those CVC patients successfully treated
were approximately 6% at 6 weeks post baseline and 10% at 28 to 34 weeks gestation.Conclusions: A 3‐day course of CVC appears to be well tolerated by the mother and statistically significantly
more efficacious than placebo in the treatment of BV during the second trimester of pregnancy.
Angiopoietin Affects Neutrophil Migration
Authors: STURN DANIEL H. , FEISTRITZER CLEMENS , MOSHEIMER BIRGIT A. , DJANANI ANGELA , BIJUKLIC KLAUDIJA , PATSCH JOSEF R. , WIEDERMANN CHRISTIAN J. 
Published: September 2005

ABSTRACTObjective: After an ischemic event vascular growth factors are involved in regulating leukocyte infiltration in inflammatory processes. This study focused on effects of 2 other angiogenic growth factors, angiopoietin‐1 and angiopoietin‐2, on human neutrophils and on the involvement of the angiopoietin receptor Tie‐2.Methods: Neutrophils were from venous blood of healthy donors and cell migration was studied by micropore filter assays. Receptor expression was investigated by reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for mRNA and fluorescence‐activated cell‐sorter scanner (FACS) analysis. Signaling mechanisms required for angiopoietin‐dependent effects were tested functionally by using signaling enzyme blockers.Results: The angiopoietins were chemotactic for neutrophils. They showed antagonistic effects on each other and both inhibited VEGF‐directed migration of neutrophils. The effects of both angiopoietins were Tie‐2 dependent. Tie‐2 receptor immunoreactivity was confirmed on neutrophils by FACS. De novo synthesis is suggested by Tie‐2 receptor mRNA expression as demonstrated by reverse transcriptase PCR.Conclusions: Data suggest that a Tie‐2 receptor is expressed by human neutrophils whose active site ligation with either angiopoietin‐1 or angiopoietin‐2 exerts migratory effects on the one hand and arrests VEGF‐mediated chemotaxis on the other. These effects suggest a role of angiopoietins in modulating neutrophilic inflammation.
How does bupropion work as a smoking cessation aid?
Authors: Warner Charlotte , Shoaib Mohammed 
Published: September 2005

AbstractBupropion exhibits reasonable efficacy as a smoking cessation aid, yet its precise mechanisms of action remain unclear. This review evaluates the mechanism of action of bupropion by considering the clinical evidence in combination with results from pre‐clinical experiments in vivo and in vitro. Bupropion is a weak inhibitor of dopamine and noradrenaline reuptake, and has also been shown to antagonise nicotinic acetylcholine receptor function. It is extensively metabolized in humans, its major metabolites reaching levels higher than those of bupropion itself. These metabolites share many of the pharmacological properties of bupropion, so they may play an important role in its clinical activity, yet they have been neglected in investigations into bupropion action. This review led to several conclusions: (1) the principal mode of bupropion action is upon the withdrawal symptoms following smoking cessation; (2) during withdrawal, bupropion may attenuate symptoms by mimicking nicotinic effects on dopamine and noradrenaline; (3) its ability to antagonize nicotinic receptors may prevent relapse by attenuating the reinforcing properties of nicotine, but probably cannot acutely reduce smoking; and (4) further exploration of bupropion metabolites and its role in withdrawal and relapse, within more appropriate animal models, could be crucial in the determination of the precise mechanisms by which bupropion exerts its activity in smoking cessation. Greater elucidation of the exact mechanisms of action of bupropion could lead to the development of new drugs even more beneficial in promoting smoking abstinence.
Tryptophan hydroxylase gene 1 polymorphisms are not associated with suicide attempts in alcohol‐dependent individuals
Authors: Koller G , Engel RR , Preuss UW , Karakesisoglou A , Zill P , Bondy B , Soyka M 
Published: September 2005

AbstractA serotonergic dysfunction was suggested to be involved into the biological susceptibility of suicidal behaviour. Tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH), the rate‐limiting enzyme in serotonin biosynthesis, is a significant regulating factor in the serotonergic system. Recently the A‐6526G, and G‐5806T and A‐779C polymorphisms of the TPH 1 gene were identified and suggested to be associated with suicidal behaviour, but study results are conflicting. We examined a possible association of the A‐6526G, and G‐5806T and A‐779C polymorphisms with suicide attempts in a sample of 80 alcohol‐dependent individuals with a history of at least one suicide attempt. This group was analysed in comparison with 241 alcohol‐dependent subjects without such a history. No significant relationship between haplotype and genotype distribution and allele frequencies of these polymorphisms with suicide attempts were detected. Furthermore, no association with number of suicide attempts and TPH haplotypes were found. Our data do not support the hypothesis of A‐6526G, G‐5806T or A‐779C polymorphisms to be associated with suicide attempts in alcohol‐dependent individuals.
Effects of acute administration of methamphetamine on Narp mRNA in rat brain
Authors: Fukumoto Makoto , Iwata Masaaki , Shinbori Chiko , Hazama Gen‐i , Shirayama Yukihiko , Kawahara Ryuzou 
Published: September 2005

AbstractNarp (neuronal activity‐regulated pentraxin) is a secreted immediate early gene product functioning as a cluster factor for the AMPA receptor subtype of glutamate receptors. This study was designed to examine the effects of acute administration of methamphetamine (MAP) on the Narp gene in rat brain using reverse transcription – polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR). Acute administration of MAP [4.6?mg/kg, intraperitoneally (i.p.)] increased Narp mRNA in the prefrontal cortex, whereas the same treatment with MAP decreased Narp mRNA in the hippocampus. Therefore, Narp gene could be involved in the MAP‐induced effects.
An exploration of decision‐making factors regarding advance directives in a long‐term care facility
Authors: White Carol 
Published: August 2005

PurposeTo explore the experiences of residents who had signed an advance directive on admission to a long‐term care facility and apply the Advance Directive Decision‐Making Model to this process.Data sourcesInteractive interviews with 13 elders. Questions related to how each felt about their life and death, how each perceived the advance directive discussion, and what factors influenced their decisions were discussed.ConclusionsThe thematic analysis suggested that the decision regarding advance directives was multifaceted and complex. It required preparation, understanding, and time. Decision‐making ability was sometimes compromised by the other stressors associated with the move to a long‐term care facility.Implications for practiceNurse practitioners will have an easier time discussing medical conditions and choices regarding end‐of‐life care with residents and their families if advance directives are discussed thoroughly on admission to a long‐term care facility and are updated routinely.
Measurement of nurse practitioner job satisfaction in a midwestern state
Authors: Kacel Barbara , Miller Mary , Norris Diane 
Published: August 2005

PurposeTo describe the current level of job satisfaction of nurse practitioners (NPs) in one Midwestern state.Data sourcesThis study utilized descriptive correlation design to examine factors that lead to job satisfaction and dissatisfaction among a randomized sample of licensed NPs from a Midwestern state. The sample of 147 NPs (63% return rate) completed self‐administered questionnaires about various characteristics of their jobs. Descriptive statistics and correlations were used to analyze the data. The theoretical foundation for the study was Herzberg's Dual Factor Theory of Job Satisfaction.ConclusionsOverall job satisfaction of NPs was minimally satisfied to satisfied. NPs were most satisfied with intrinsic factors and least satisfied with extrinsic factors of their jobs. Factors NPs were most satisfied with were sense of accomplishment, challenge in work, level of autonomy, patient mix, and ability to deliver quality care. NPs were least satisfied with time off to serve on professional committees, reward distribution, amount of involvement in research, opportunity to receive compensation for services outside normal duties, and monetary bonuses available in addition to salary. NPs with 0–1 year practice experience were the most satisfied with their jobs, but satisfaction scores fell steadily with each additional year of experience, reaching a plateau between the 8th to 11th years of practice.Implications for practiceImproving job satisfaction for NPs is critical to recruit and retain advanced practice nurses to enhance access to quality, cost‐effective care for all patient populations. Satisfied NPs can potentially reduce healthcare costs associated with employee turnover. Employers must look at extrinsic factors such as compensation and opportunities for professional growth to enhance NP job satisfaction.