bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cell cycle‐related variation and tissue‐restricted expression of human cyclin D1 protein
Authors: Bartkova Jirina , Lukas Jiri , Strauss Michael , Bartek Jiri 
Published: June 2005

AbstractRecent evidence from genetic studies suggests that abnormalities of some of the members of the cyclin superfamily may be intimately associated with tumourigenesis, most likely through deregulation of the cell cycle control. In an attempt to elucidate the potential role of cyclin D1 (a gene located within the 11q13 amplicon and a candidate BCL‐1, PRAD‐1 oncogene) in the pathogenesis of human neoplasias, we have developed and characterized a novel monoclonal antibody specifically recognizing cyclin D1 protein in various assays including immunohistochemistry on frozen and paraffin sections. Using the DCS‐6 antibody as a tool, we now show a characteristic cell cycle‐dependent variation of the cyclin D1 protein in human cultured cells and report on the first immunohistochemical study of this G1 cyclin in a range of normal human tissues and breast carcinomas. Analysis of normal tissues revealed generally low levels of cyclin D1 protein, mainly restricted to the proliferative zones of some epithelial tissues, and the lack of its expression in several human tissues including lymph nodes, spleen, and tonsils. In contrast, pronounced overexpression/nuclear accumulation of cyclin D1 was found in 37 per cent of cases in a series of 35 primary ductal carcinomas of the breast. We conclude that the DCS‐6 antibody provides a potentially useful tool for the establishment of simple methods suitable for verifying any diagnostic and/or prognostic value of this novel marker on large series of histological specimens and opens the way for biochemical, immunocytochemical, and immunohistochemical studies of the role played by cyclin D1 aberrations in human oncogenesis.
Nm23 ‘anti‐metastatic’ gene product expression in colorectal carcinoma
Authors: Royds Janice A. , Cross Simon S. , Silcocks Paul B. , Scholefield John H. , Rees Robert C. , Stephenson Timothy J. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractNm23 is a putative metastasis suppressor gene and alterations in this gene have been reported in colorectal carcinomas suggestive of a role for nm23 in the dissemination of these tumours. In this study we used an affinity purified polyclonal antibody, ab‐11, on formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded sections of colorectai carcinomas from 46 patients in a three‐stage avidin–biotin complex immunoperoxidase technique. Follow‐up of these patients was until time of death or for 5 years, with a mean time of 31·2 months. Two observers scored the staining results from 1 to 3 according to the proportion of tumour cells positive. The association of nm23 staining with survival, sex, age, vascular invasion, and Dukes' stage was determined using Cox's regression model. The association of death from colorectal cancer and nm23 status reached marginal significance in this study (P= 0.0417). Moreover, there is some suggestion of a protective effect from nm23 as the relative risk of dying from colorectal cancer for each increment of nm23 positivity is 0·573 (95 per cent confidence limits 0·34–0·98).
Immunohistochemical analysis of extracellular matrix components in synovial sarcoma
Authors: Guarino Marcello , Christensen Lise 
Published: June 2005

AbstractLittle attention has been paid to the composition of the extracellular matrix in synovial sarcoma, a tumour showing both epithelial and mesenchymal phenotypes. As extracellular matrix participates actively in interactions between epithelial and mesenchymal tissues, further knowledge of the pathogenesis of this tumour may be provided by the study of extracellular matrix components. Therefore, we have analysed the immunohistochemical distribution of type I, III, and IV collagen, fibronectin, laminin and tenascin in four cases of synovial sarcoma. The pattern of immunoreactivity for these molecules varied according to the tissue phenotype of the tumour. Mesenchymal tissue labelled mainly for type I and III interstitial collagen and fibronectin. The epithelial component was surrounded by a laminin and type IV collagen‐positive basement membrane, but punctate pericellular reactivity for laminin and type IV collagen was also detected among some mesenchymal cells. Tenascin was strongly expressed in the mesenchymal tissue immediately around epithelial structures and weakly or not at all expressed in the monophasic tumours and in mesenchymal tissue distant from epithelial elements in the biphasic tumours. These results suggest some resemblances between synovial sarcoma and the embryonic development of epithelia from mesenchymal cells, providing further support for the concept of an epitheliogenesis from the mesenchyme in these tumours.
Measurement of nuclear dna content in histological and cytological specimens: Principles and applications
Authors: Carey Francis A. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractNuclear DNA content can be measured in histological and cytological material by the techniques of image and flow cytometry. The measurement depends on the availability of stoichiometric markers for DNA. Results are expressed in DNA histograms from which tumour DNA ploidy and cell proliferation status can be estimated. Flow cytometry analyses large numbers of cells and gives the most meaningful cell cycle data. Image cytometry is more specifically targeted to the population of interest and can accurately measure rare events. A large body of literature exists relating DNA cytometry to clinical outcome, but there are considerable inconsistencies between clinical series which may be due, in many instances, to problems of histogram interpretation and tumour sampling. Rapid ‘user‐friendly’ systems currently under development may increase the clinical acceptance of DNA cytometry.
Numerical abnormalities of chromosome 7 in human prostate cancer detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) on paraffin‐embedded tissue sections with centromere‐specific dna probes
Authors: Zitzelsberger Horst , Szücs Sandor , Weier Heinz‐Ulrich , Lehmann Lars , Braselmann Herbert , Enders Susanne , Schilling Albrecht , Breul Jürgen , Höfler Heinz , Bauchinger Manfred 
Published: June 2005

AbstractFluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) using chromosome‐specific α‐satellite DNA probes for chromosomes 7, 8, and 12 was performed on paraffin‐embedded tissue sections and touch imprint preparations of 53 cases of human prostate cancer. Subsequent haematoxylin and eosin (H & E) staining of the hybridized tissue sections allowed unambiguous assignment of hybridization signals either to tumour or to non‐tumorous parenchyma. Fifty‐three cases of human prostate cancer were evaluated for numerical aberrations of chromosome 7. Scoring 200 cells of tumour and non‐tumorous parenchyma in each case revealed abnormalities exclusively in tumour parenchyma in 41 cases (77 per cent). Ten of 41 cases (24 per cent) showed trisomy 7, and 15 cases (37 per cent) monosomy 7 or trisomy 7 in combination with monosomy 7, respectively. Sixteen cases (39 per cent) exhibited polysemy 7 in cells of the tumour parenchyma. In the tumour tissue in one case, different polyploid clones (triploid, tetraploid) and polysomy 7 could be identified by double hybridization with chromosome‐specific DNA probes for chromosome 7, plus 8 or 12. The indicated numerical aberrations of chromosome 7 were correlated with 78 per cent of advanced pathological stages or poorly differentiated tumours (pT3/4 or G3) of prostate carcinomas. A statistical analysis of the data revealed significant relationships of particular numerical abnormalities of chromosome 7 to different pathological categories (pT, G, pN) of tumour classification. For the T‐classification, the frequency of cells carrying polysomy 7 and polysomy 7/+7 increases significantly from pT1 to pT3/4 (P = 0·022). A significant increase from G1 to G3 also became apparent for the total frequencies of numerical abnormal cells (P = 0·05).
Immunohistochemical localization of syndecan‐1 in normal and pathological human uterine cervix
Authors: Inki Pirjo , Stenbäck Frej , Grenman Seija , Jalkanen Markku 
Published: June 2005

AbstractExpression of syndecan‐1, a cell surface proteoglycan that binds growth factors and extracellular matrix components, was studied in normal and pathological human uterine cervix using immunohistochemical methods. Normal cervical squamous epithelium showed positive staining for syndecan‐1 in all cell layers, except the basal cell layer, whereas endocervical columnar epithelium stained weakly. In non‐neoplastic reactive lesions, metaplastic squamous cells were positive for syndecan‐1, whereas columnar cells showed weak or negative staining. In cervical condylomas, cells showing koilocytotic atypia were positive for syndecan‐1. The progression of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) grade I to grade III was associated with reduced syndecan‐1 expression and localization of syndecan‐1 to more superficial cell layers. In squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs), syndecan‐1 expression correlated with histological differentiation, being absent from most poorly differentiated tumours. The results suggest that loss of syndecan‐1 from atypical cells is an early event during cervical carcinogenesis and show a close association of syndecan‐1 expression with preserved epithelial morphology and differentiation.
Co‐expression of endothelial cell and macrophage antigens in Kaposi's sarcoma cells
Authors: Uccini Stefania , Ruco Luigi P. , Monardo Francesca , Stoppacciaro Antonella , Dejana Elisabetta , La Parola Ilaria Lesnoni , Cerimele Decio , Baroni Carlo D. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe histopathogenesis of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) was investigated using immunocytochemistry in 12 skin biopsies obtained from two AIDS patients, nine patients with the classic form, and one organ‐transplant patient. KS cells revealed a peculiar antigenic profile, being characterized by co‐expression of endothelial and macrophage markers. KS cells were stained for von Willebrand factor (vWF); for vascular endothelial (VE) cadherin, an endothelial specific adhesion molecule; and for PECAM/CD31. In addition, they expressed the macrophage antigens PAM‐1, CD68, and CD14, and were positive for vitronectin receptor and alpha‐1,5,6/beta‐1 integrins. KS cells were weakly stained for ICAM‐1 in 6 of 12 cases and were negative for VCAM‐1 and E‐selectin.
Immunohistochemical investigation of epidermal growth factor receptor expression in ameloblastomas
Authors: Ueno Shigeru , Miyagawa Tomoko , Kaji Ryuichi , Mushimoto Kozo , Shirasu Rikiya 
Published: June 2005

AbstractImmunohistochemical analysis was performed to determine the localization of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in ameloblastomas. Ameloblastoma samples were classified into follicular, plexiform, and basal cell types. The number of cases in each category was 17, 19 and 3, respectively. Ameloblastomas, disregarding their histological type, consist of two cell forms: peripheral columnar cells and central stellate cells. The frequency of EGFR expression was much higher in the latter than in the former (P<0.005). On analysis with respect to histological types, the frequency of EGFR expression in columnar cells was not significantly different between the follicular and the plexiform types, but was observed more frequently in the stellate cells in the follicular than in the plexiform ameloblastomas (P<0.05). This pattern of EGFR expression was not consistent with the PCNA staining pattern, but was similar to that of keratin expression which we have reported previously. The present study suggests that EGFR expression in ameloblastomas is closely associated with tumour differentiation, and squamous differentiation in particular.
Development of papillary renal cell tumours is associated with loss of Y‐chromosome‐specific DNA sequences
Authors: Kovacs Gyula , Tory Kalman , Kovacs Angela 
Published: June 2005

AbstractTwenty‐two papillary renal cell tumours were analysed by Southern hybridization using eight DNA probes from homologous regions of the X and Y chromosomes and two Y‐chromosome‐specific DNA probes. Sixteen of the 19 papillary renal cell tumours of male patients showed the loss of Y‐chromosome‐specific sequences. No loss of heterozygosity was detected in three tumours that developed in females. The frequency of loss of the Y chromosome was established in 50 non‐papillary renal cell carcinomas as well. Only seven of the 31 non‐papillary renal cell carcinomas obtained from male patients had lost the Y‐chromosome‐specific sequences, whereas no allelic loss was found in 19 non‐papillary tumours obtained from female patients. Papillary renal cell tumours show a strong male preponderance (6:1) and loss of Y chromosome in 84 per cent of the cases, whereas non‐papillary renal cell carcinomas show only a slight male preponderance (1:5:1) and the Y chromosome is lost in only 22 per cent of the cases. These data suggest that a tumour suppressor gene is localized at one of the homologous regions of the X and Y chromosomes, the homozygous inactivation of which is associated with the development of papillary renal cell tumours.
Alterations in the glomerular charge barrier in human lupus nephritis
Authors: Al‐Nawab M. D. , Davies D. R. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractRenal tissue taken from ten patients with proteinuria and diagnosed as suffering from human lupus nephritis was examined by a post‐embedding charge labelling method using cationic gold (CG). The method allows localization of the anionic charge in the glomerular epithelial cell coat and/or glomerular basement membrane (GBM). Our results demonstrate that in human lupus nephritis there are gaps in the charge barrier associated with immune deposits found in the lamina rara externa of the GBM. These data suggest that the loss of glomerular fixed anionic charges in the GBM may play an important role in the development of proteinuria in patients suffering from lupus nephritis.
Immune complex deposition in Bowman's capsule is associated with parietal podocytes
Authors: Gibson Ian W. , Downie Thomas T. , More Ian A. R. , Lindop George B. M. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractWe have recently documented the presence of podocytes lining part of Bowman's capsule at the vascular pole, in adult human kidney. In this study, we describe the deposition of immune complexes in Bowman's capsule in association with these parietal podocytes. We examined 1 year's consecutive human renal biopsies (n=170). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed 18 cases in which parietal podocytes were present. Of these 18, there were 11 cases of glomerulonephritis, in which immune complexes were demonstrated in the capillary tuft by both TEM and direct immunofluorescence microscopy. In seven of these 11 cases, TEM showed immune complex‐type deposits in Bowman's capsule, always associated with parietal podocytes. These deposits were similar in size, appearance, and distribution to the deposits in the capillary tuft. By contrast, non‐specific electron densities within Bowman's capsule were found beneath both squamous parietal cells and parietal podocytes. In four cases, Bowman's capsule also showed focal positive immunostaining for complement components and/or fibrinogen. Both parietal and visceral podocytes showed similar fusion of pedicels. We suggest that filtration through parietal podocytes may be responsible for immune complex deposition and subsequent damage to the vascular pole of the glomerulus in human renal disease.
Pathogenesis of IgA nephropathy: In vitro activation of human mesangial cells by IgA immune complex leads to cytokine secretion
Authors: Chen Ann , Chen Wei‐Perng , Sheu Lai‐Fa , Lin Ching‐Yuang 
Published: June 2005

AbstractIgA immune complex (IC) plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of IgA nephropathy (IgAN). As IgA‐IC is not itself cytotoxic, other mediators may be involved in the pathogenesis. In order to elucidate the mechanisms by which IgA‐IC mediates renal injury in IgAN, the ability of IgA‐IC to ‘activate’ cultured human mesangial cells (HMC) was studied. HMC were incubated with nephritogenic IgA‐IC, containing a MOPC‐315 plasmacytoma‐derived IgA anti‐dinitrophenyl (DNP) and DNP‐conjugated bovine serum albumin. The cells showed morphological changes, an accelerated rate of proliferation, and increased production of interleukin‐1 (IL‐1), interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), platelet activating factor (PAF) and generation of superoxide anion. The enhancement of IL‐1 and IL‐6 mRNA expression in HMC incubated with IgA‐IC was identified by dot blot analysis. Northern blot hybridization also demonstrated an augmented IL‐6 mRNA expression in HMC treated with IgA‐IC. These results suggest that nephritogenic IgA‐IC may amplify the proliferation of HMC and the production of immune/chemical mediators and superoxide anion thereby resulting in the renal lesions of IgAN.
p53 expression in Barrett's oesophagus, dysplasia, and adenocarcinoma using antibody DO‐7
Authors: Symmans Pennie J. , Linehan Jacqueline M. , Brito Maria J. , Filipe M. Isabel 
Published: June 2005

AbstractBarrett's oesophagus has a well‐recognized association with oesophageal adenocarcinoma, with phenotypic progression through dysplasia to malignancy. The nuclear phosphoprotein p53 is a putative tumour suppressor with mutations resulting in both loss of negative growth regulatory function and possible gain of oncogene function. Many mutant forms have a prolonged half‐life and are demonstrable with immunohistochemical techniques. We examined 62 endoscopic oesophageal biopsies and 36 oesophageal resections for p53 overexpression using the monoclonal antibody DO‐7 on paraffin‐embedded tissue. The series included 40 cases of Barrett's metaplasia, 13 cases of dysplasia, and 81 cases of adenocarcinoma. None of the cases of metaplasia was p53‐positive, compared with 4/13 cases of dysplasia and 52/81 cases of adenocarcinoma. There was no association between the degree of dysplasia and p53 expression, although a trend emerged of increasing p53 expression with higher tumour grade. We conclude that p53 overexpression is frequent in oesophageal adenocarcinoma and may be related to tumour grade. p53 overexpression is not restricted to neoplastic lesions and mutation of this tumour suppressor may occur early in the malignant progression of Barrett's oesophagus.
Computer‐assisted chromatin texture characterization of Feulgen‐stained nuclei in a series of 331 transitional bladder cell carcinomas
Authors: Van Velthoven Roland , Petein Michel , Zlotta Alexandre , Oosterlinck Willem J. , van der Meijden Adrian , Zandona Cassio , Roels Hendrik , Pasteels Jean‐Lambert , Schulman Claude , Kiss Robert 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe chromatin patterns of Feulgen‐stained nuclei in a series of six specimens of normal mucosa and 331 transitional bladder carcinomas, including 293 superficial (Ta and T1) and 38 invasive (T2–T4) cases, were quantitatively described by means of eight parameters relating to densitometric, run‐length distribution, and co‐occurrence matrix features. The results show that the chromatin texture of the superficial lesions was markedly different from that of the invasive tumours, which exhibited a distinctly more dense and heterogeneous chromatin pattern. The data also show that the increasing level of malignancy, as revealed by the increasing clinical stage, was accompanied by an increase in the overall chromatin condensation level. Only some areas of the nucleus actually increased in density; other pale areas appeared concomitantly with these increasingly denser chromatin areas. This chromatin density increase corresponded to a marked increase in the frequency of small dense chromatin clumps; these joined together into very large dense chromatin clumps, which were distributed more and more heterogeneously in the nucleus as the clinical stage of the tumour increased.
Non‐enzymatic retrieval of antigen permits staining of follicle centre cells by the rabbit polyclonal antibody to protein gene product 9.5
Authors: Langlois N. E. I. , King G. , Herriot R. , Thompson W. D. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe rabbit polyclonal antibody to protein gene product 9.5 (PGP9.5) will detect the L1 isoenzyme of ubiquitin carboxy‐terminal hydrolase (UCH), which is a marker for neurones and neuroendocrine tissue. We re‐evaluated this antibody using the technique of non‐enzymatic antigen retrieval (boiling sections in citrate buffer, heated by microwave oven) followed by streptavidin‐biotin‐peroxidase staining. Due to the fortuitous choice of appendix as positive control material containing small nerves, we found strong, repeatable cytoplasmic and nuclear staining of lymphoid follicle centre cells in addition to neural tissue. This effect could be repeated on other lymphoid tissues and was not dependent on microwave heating, but did require boiling in an ionic buffer solution. Staining was also observed with a fresh batch of antibody and with four of the five different batches of antibody which were supplied to us. This pattern was not obtained in fresh tissue, in fixed material following trypsinization, or by increasing the primary antibody concentration. We suggest that the boiling of sections in citrate buffer is exposing an epitope for the anti‐PGP9.5 antibody which is inaccessible in the native or fixed state and therefore we would recommend retesting of antibody specificity following non‐enzymatic retrieval of antigen.
Alpha‐B crystallin in the normal human myocardium and cardiac conducting system
Authors: Leach I. H. , Tsang M. L. , Church R. J. , Lowe J. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe alpha crystallins are major protein components of the ocular lens and show both structural and functional homology with the family of small heat shock proteins. αB crystallin is also present in various extra‐lenticular tissues, with a high concentration in cardiac muscle. In this study, the myocardium and conducting system from 15 adult and 25 fetal and infant hearts were examined by immunohistochemistry using a previously characterized antiserum to αB crystallin. Contractile myocardium showed moderate staining, with particular localization to Z bands and intercalated discs. Fibres of the sino‐atrial and atrio‐ventricular nodes and His bundle showed less intense staining than contractile fibres, whereas fibres of the left and right bundle branches showed more intense staining. This distribution is similar to that previously demonstrated for the intermediate filament desmin. This observation, together with currently available evidence, suggests that cardiac αB crystallin may play a role in protecting the cytoskeleton during cell stress. For practical purposes, immunostaining with αB crystallin greatly facilitates the identification of cardiac conducting fibres.