bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Designing a Hybrid Perovskite with Enlarged Birefringence and Bandgap for Modulation of Light Polarization
Authors: Huang Weiqi , Song Xianyu , Li Yanqiang , Zhou Yang , Xu Qianting , Song Yipeng , Wang Han , Li Minjuan , Zhao Sangen , Luo Junhua 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBirefringent crystals have important applications in optoelectronics areas due to their ability to modulate and polarize light. Despite increasing discovery of the birefringence potential of new crystals, it remains a great challenge to optimize both birefringence and bandgap simultaneously. Herein, a 1D chain‐like hybrid perovskite birefringent crystal designed by 3D‐to‐1D dimensional tailoring, (GAM)2PbI7·H2O (GAM = C5N10H10), is presented, showing enlarged birefringence of 0.49@550 nm and enlarged optical bandgap (2.48 eV). Consequently, the birefringent quality factor of (GAM)2PbI7·H2O is up to 2.8 times that of the template MAPbI3. In particular, the birefringence is much larger than those of commercial birefringent crystals and surpasses that of the vast majority of hybrid perovskite known to date. Theoretical calculations reveal that the strongly anisotropic arrangement of (GAM)2.5+ π‐conjugated cations and ordered PbI6 octahedra contributes to the large birefringence and wide bandgap of (GAM)2PbI7·H2O. It is believed that this work will provide a new pathway toward the rational design and synthesis of hybrid perovskite birefringent crystals for compact wide‐bandgap polarization dependent devices.
Revealing the Adsorption Behavior of Nitrogen Reduction Reaction on Strained Ti2CO2 by a Spin‐Polarized d‐band Center Model
Authors: Zhang Yaqin , Wang Yuhang , Ma Ninggui , Liang Bochun , Xiong Yu , Fan Jun 
Published: October 2023

AbstractElectrocatalytic reduction of dinitrogen to ammonia has attracted significant research interest. Herein, it reports the boosting performance of electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction on Ti2CO2 MXene with an oxygen vacancy through biaxial tensile strain engineering. Specifically, tensile strain modified electronic structures and formation energy of oxygen vacancy are evaluated. The exposed Ti atoms with additional electron states near the Fermi level serve as active site for intermediate adsorption, leading to superior catalytic performance (Ulimit = −0.44 V) under 2.5% biaxial tensile strain through a distal mechanism. However, the two sides of the “Sabatier optimum” in volcano plot are not limited by two different electronic steps, but are induced by the diverse adsorption behaviors of intermediates. Crucially, the “Sabatier optimum” results from the different response speeds of the adsorption energy for *N2 and *NNH to strains. Moreover, the authors observe conventional d‐band adsorption for *N2 and *NNH, non‐linear adsorption for *NNH2, and abnormal d‐band adsorption for *N, *NH, *NH2, and *NH3, which can be explained by the competition between attractive orbital hybridization and repulsive orbital orthogonalization with the spin‐polarized d‐band model, which further clarifies the contributions of 3σ → dz2 and dxz/dyz → 2π* to the overall population of bonding and anti‐bonding states.
Intercultural teaching practices in the EFL classroom: The case of non‐elite communities
Authors: Sagre Anamaria , Machado Leonardo Pacheco , Zumaquè Yurisan Tordecilla 
Published: October 2023

AbstractSignificant research has delved into the methodologies and practices teachers use to foster interculturality in the high school and college foreign language curriculum. Yet, little is known about the intercultural teaching practices teachers use in non‐elite communities where inequity, lack of access, and inclusion have prevailed, especially during COVID‐19. This case study describes how three teachers in three Colombian state schools, where economic divides are notorious, teach for interculturality in distance and virtual learning educational environments during the outbreak of COVID‐19. Findings indicate that teachers' approach to interculturality could be categorized into four intercultural teaching practices: 1) moving from the known to the unknown, 2) going beyond factual information, 3) challenging existing sources, and 4) contextualizing through authenticity. These practices offer guidance and instructional moves about how to teach for interculturality locally and worldwide.
Field study of irrigation strategies with treated wastewater and saline water on heavy metal accumulation in barley grain
Authors: Shahidi Ali , Khashei‐Siuki Abbas , Bagheri Hossein , Afshin Ali 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis study examines the effects of three irrigation regimes with a combination of saline water and treated wastewater on the accumulation of heavy metals in barley grains. A field experiment was designed as a split‐split plot arrangement in a randomized complete block design, in which treatments were different irrigation regimes (50%, 70%, and 100% full irrigation) and irrigation water types (saline water [SW], treated wastewater [TW], mixed water resources [MWR], and alternative irrigation [AI]). After cultivation and harvesting of the barley crop, the grain yield, 1000‐grain weight, and contents of heavy metals in the grains were measured. The grain yield was enhanced by TW alone, MWR, and AI to 12.8%, 5%, and 9.5% under 70%‐deficit irrigation; and 58.3%, 21.7%, and 8.7% under full irrigation, respectively. Based on the guidelines for safe limits of heavy metals in edible plants and livestock feed, the barley grains were safe for livestock and toxic for humans. The trend of heavy metal contents in the grains was Fe > Zn > Pb > Cu ≥ Cr > Cd. Irrigation with SW compared with TW increased Fe, Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, and Cr contents in the grains to 11.75%, 10.97%, 5.22%, 19.15%, 3.45%, and 9.21%, respectively. The amounts of toxic elements of Cd and Pb were maximized by using MWR, whereas the Cr content in the grain was maximized by using AI. There were no significant difference in the metal uptake by the grains among all irrigation regimes in any irrigation water resource. However, compared with the other irrigation regimes, the full irrigation resulted in lower Zn, Cu, and Cd contents, whereas the 50%‐deficit irrigation led to lower Pb and Cr contents in the grains. Therefore, irrigation with TW is recommended based on the grain yield, whereas AI is suggested due to lower Cu, Pb, and Cd contents in the grain, and MWR is recommended due to lower Cr content. Furthermore, full and 50%‐deficit irrigation regimes are recommended to, respectively, maximize grain yield and minimize the toxic metal contents in the grain.Practitioner Points
Mixed saline water and treated wastewater and alternative irrigation enhanced grain yield.
Saline water versus treated wastewater increased the grain heavy metal contents.
Alternative irrigation decreased Fe, Cu, Pb, and Cd amounts in the grain.
Grain Cu content had strong relationship with irrigation regime.
50%‐deficit irrigation minimized Pb and Cr contents in the grain.
Activists Escaping Lebanon: Disruption, Burnout, and Disengagement
Authors: Geha Carmen 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis chapter traces the experience of political activists in Lebanon from protests, social movement formation, revolution, to the current moment of their choosing to migrate. It conceptualizes the Mediterranean as a socially symbolic space where many Lebanese activists are choosing to settle in after a series of crises and disappointments. It helps us understand how movements get disrupted and how activists used agency in certain moments to purposefully disconnect from what they perceive to be situations where there is no hope left. The chapter uses in-depth interviews with individuals who have recently migrated following Lebanon’s economic collapse and the port explosion.
Root Causes of Irregular Migration in the Eastern Mediterranean: The Case of Afghans and Syrians
Authors: İçduygu Ahmet , Altıok Birce 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis chapter evaluates the initiation and perpetuation of migratory flows from Afghanistan and Syria to Europe, which operate through the Eastern Mediterranean corridor over the decades. It links the notion of root causes of migration to the fragile or weak statehood and protracted refugee situations. While the concepts of “root causes” and “fragile or weak state” may be contested, they hold analytical value as they relate to various aspects of irregular migration systems between the Global North and Global South. Due to the scarcity of research on the relationship between weak statehood, refugee flows, and irregular migration, and their implications on migratory systems between the Global South and Global North, exploring this connection through an analytical framework applied to selected case studies becomes a critical research area. The selected cases, namely migration flows from Afghanistan and Syria to Europe via the Eastern Mediterranean, offer a framework for better understanding the root causes of irregular migratory flows that impact the broader geography of the Eastern Mediterranean and Europe. Therefore, by focusing on weak statehood, this chapter explores the dynamics and mechanisms of root causes of irregular migration and asylum flows. It aims to explain why and how people choose specific routes over time. The ongoing debate on this topic also helps assess policy outcomes for the effective governance of irregular migration and refugee flows.
The Continuity of Migration Drivers: A Historical Perspective on Spanish Social Transformations
Authors: Rodriguez-Pena Naiara 
Published: October 2023

AbstractEfforts to map migration drivers have in part resulted in calls to abandon rigid economic and demographic indicators so as to explore how cultural and political factors facilitate or constrain migration. Although a considerable amount of research has investigated the migration-development nexus, its focus is often shortsighted or primarily on developing countries. Instead, this chapter adopts a social transformation perspective to analyze how processes of change at the political, economic, technological, demographic, and cultural levels have impacted the drivers of Spanish migrations since the early 1880s to the present day. To do so, the chapter draws on a collection of statistical data on Spanish migration and societal indicators, as well as on a comprehensive literature review of the social and migration history of Spain. The chapter argues that the interrelation between three forces explains Spanish migration transitions: (1) state expansion and contraction, (2) economic fluctuations, and (3) uneven urbanization processes. Ultimately, the chapter also demonstrates that the unequal development of central and peripheral areas within the country is a consequence of social transformations, and in turn, links past and present by illustrating how similar factors have triggered migration dynamics for more than a century.
Looking at the EU-Turkey Deal: The Implications for Migrants in Greece and Turkey
Authors: Demirbaş Elif , Miliou Christina 
Published: October 2023

AbstractSince the beginning of the Syrian conflict in 2011, new migration governance strategies across the Mediterranean region have arisen with tightening border regimes and new laws on migration deterrence. The EU and Turkey felt the need to develop new migration governance regimes. Greece and Turkey were suddenly placed in the epicentre of managing millions of asylum-seekers and displaced populations, shaping European migration policies, and ‘protecting’ Fortress Europe. Upon its sixth anniversary, this chapter explores the effects and consequences of the EU-Turkey deal on the subjects it aims to govern. By problematising its implementation and consequences, this chapter demonstrates that the EU-Turkey deal has deep-rooted Eurocentric characteristics that perpetuate precarity through externalisation and selectivity of migration. More specifically, by adopting a Foucauldian lens, the chapter will scrutinise the deal’s implications on migrants’ right to seek asylum in Europe in the context of Greece; and, with a focus on migrants’ integration into the labour market, their right (or the lack thereof) to integrate within the host country in the context of Turkey.
The Political Economy of Egyptian Migration to Europe in the 2020s
Authors: Awad Ibrahim 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe EU and Egypt share a neoclassical conceptual understanding of Egyptian migration, grafted by the network theory, in its criminal shape. In accordance with the neoclassical explanations and for political considerations, since the 1970s, Egypt sought to promote labour migration so as to release pressures on its labour market and to bring it valued remittances. Yet, Egypt, realizing the heightened EU concern with irregular migration chose to cooperate in defusing it. It resorted to issue-linking, giving up on legal migration opportunities to Europe, in return for benefits for its migration governance, locally-focused development and, importantly, for higher political motives. Operationalizing an agreed policy framework, the actions funded by the EU and its member states and those unilaterally taken by Egypt generated outcomes to the satisfaction of the EU. They also produced the benefits sought by Egypt. This looks like a perfect exchange based on the interdependence of the two parties. Yet, irregular migration persists and Egyptian HSM increases. Clinging to its conceptual foundation only, this framework ignores the arguments advanced by approaches such as the dual labour market and world system theories. The EU-Egypt conceptual framework should integrate these theories and devise corresponding policies and actions.
Concluding Remarks: Applying Med-Thinking Proviso to Set a Research Agenda on Mediterranean Migrations
Authors: Zapata-Barrero Ricard 
Published: October 2023

AbstractQuickly reviewing images on “Mediterranean migrations” in Google Analytics (November 2022) and even going through Google Scholar Analytics, we can infer several premises. First, negative aspects by far dominate the public representation and research narrative over the positive ones, ruled by the same rhetoric most governments have constructed: crisis and instability, Mediterranean “dis-ordered” migration. This may invite us to reflect on the extent to which a research agenda, which is too often conflict-driven, may fuel mainstream policies and hegemonic reactive governance narratives. This concurrency between the political, the media and the social negative agenda is denounced by most of the contributions, and there is a general claim for a more encouraging or at least independent Mediterranean migrations agenda from scholars, highly contaminated by political decisions. The contributions in this co-edited volume provide a range of insights that can help shape this alternative narrative in Google. Ultimately, what this volume shows is that any research on Mediterranean migrations necessarily becomes critical, (quasi)activist, because any researcher is engaged against the dominant narrative wall.
Migration Across the Mediterranean: Shaping Italy-Libya Relations Over Time
Authors: Tjønn Mathias Hatleskog , Jumbert Maria Gabrielsen 
Published: October 2023

AbstractLibya has been a central focus of European migration management across the Mediterranean for the past two-three decades, becoming particularly salient in 2015–2016. Italy has been involved in a gradual accumulation of agreements with Libya and in recent years also involving the EU. Italy’s prior and contested colonial history in Libya has shaped the close economic ties between the two countries following Libyan independence. Both the colonial history and economic collaboration in turn play an important part in the agreements on migration, something that has hitherto been under-researched and inadequately understood. This chapter presents the history of these agreements, in order to better understand what it means for the EU’s present involvement in them. We also show how European and Italian migration management together with Libya operate in a landscape of treaties and agreements that run the risk of obstructing and obfuscating the rule of law and humanitarian treatment, ideals the EU purports to uphold also in their treatment of would-be migrants crossing the Mediterranean. By taking a historical approach and describing these developments over time, we contribute to better enlighten today’s relationship between the EU and Italy on the one hand and Libya on the other.
Analysis of double-J/ψ production in Z decay at next-to-leading-order QCD accuracy
Authors: Li Cong , Sun Zhan , Zhang Gui-Yuan 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In this article, we study in detail the double-J/ψ yield through Z decay at the next-to-leading-order (NLO) QCD accuracy within the nonrelativistic QCD factorization. At the tree level, the pure QCD diagrams predict a branching ratio of $$ {\mathcal{B}}_{Z\to J/\psi +J/\psi } $$

B

Z
→
J
/
ψ
+
J
/
ψ

~ 10−12; however, the inclusion of the QED diagrams would augment this prediction by approximately 2–3 orders of magnitude. After incorporating the QCD corrections, the QCD results exhibit a considerable increase, whereas the QED results undergo a substantial reduction. Combining the QCD and QED contributions at NLO in αs, it is observed that the prediction of $$ {\mathcal{B}}_{Z\to J/\psi +J/\psi } $$

B

Z
→
J
/
ψ
+
J
/
ψ

= ($$ {1.110}_{-0.241-0.001}^{+0.334+0.054} $$

1.110

−
0.241
−
0.001

+
0.334
+
0.054

) × 10−10, which displays a fairly steady dependence on the renormalization scale, is significantly lower than the upper limits released by CMS.
Kink scattering in the presence of geometric constrictions
Authors: Campos João G. F. , Simas Fabiano C. , Bazeia D. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
We investigate kink-antikink collisions in a model characterized by two scalar fields in the presence of geometric constrictions. The model includes an auxiliary function that modifies the kinematics associated with one of the two fields. An important fact is that one of the fields can be solved independently, being responsible for changing the internal structure of the second one. We performed several collisions and observed the presence of resonance windows for small values of the parameters. Furthermore, we have been able to show the alternation between the appearance of oscillating pulses, as well as the annihilation and formation of kink-antikink pairs when the geometric constriction is more pronounced. The study of kink dynamics in models with geometric constrictions is connected with issues of interest such as domain wall formation and magnetization at the manometric scale.
Beyond AdS2/dCFT1: insertions in two Wilson loops
Authors: Correa Diego H. , Faraggi Alberto , Mück Wolfgang , Pando Zayas Leopoldo A. , Silva Guillermo A. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
We consider two-point correlators of local operator insertions in a system of two Wilson-Maldacena loops in $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory on both sides of the AdS/CFT correspondence. On the holographic side the correlator of two Wilson-Maldacena loops is given by a classical string world-sheet which in one phase connects two asymptotically AdS2 regions and in the other phase is given by two disconnected AdS2 caps; this configuration breaks supersymmetry as well as conformal invariance. We present a complete systematic account of the string world-sheet fluctuations, including the fermionic sector, and study the behavior of the holographic two-point correlators. On the field theory side we compute certain two-point correlators of local operator insertions by resumming sets of ladder diagrams. Our results demonstrate the efficacy of previously developed methods in tackling this non-conformal, non-susy regime.
Gauged SU(3)F and loop induced quark and lepton masses
Authors: Mohanta Gurucharan , Patel Ketan M. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
We investigate a local SU(3)F flavour symmetry for its viability in generating the masses for the quarks and charged leptons of the first two families through radiative corrections. Only the third-generation fermions get tree-level masses due to specific choice of the field content and their gauge charges. Unprotected by symmetry, the remaining fermions acquire non-vanishing masses through the quantum corrections induced by the gauge bosons of broken SU(3)F. We show that inter-generational hierarchy between the masses of the first two families arises if the flavour symmetry is broken with an intermediate SU(2) leading to a specific ordering in the masses of the gauge bosons. Based on this scheme, we construct an explicit and predictive model and show its viability in reproducing the realistic charged fermion masses and quark mixing parameters in terms of not-so-hierarchical fundamental couplings. The model leads to the strange quark mass, ms ≈ 16 MeV at MZ, which is ~2.4σ away from its current central value. Large flavour violations are a generic prediction of the scheme which pushes the masses of the new gauge bosons to 103 TeV or higher.
A new automatic method for demoulding plastic parts using an intelligent robotic system
Authors: Sánchez-Martínez Daniel , Jara Carlos A. , Gomez-Donoso Francisco 
Published: October 2023

AbstractNowadays, there are many different industrial processes in which people spend several hours performing tedious and repetitive tasks. Furthermore, most of these processes involve the manipulation of dangerous materials or machinery, such as the toy manufacturing, where people handle ovens with high temperatures and make weary physical effort for a long period of time during the process. In this work, it is presented an automatic and innovative collaborative robotic system that is able to deal with the demoulding task during the manufacturing process of toy dolls. The intelligent robotic system is composed by an UR10e robot with a RealSense RGB-D camera integrated which detects the pieces in the mould using a developed vision-based algorithm and extracts them by means of a custom gripper located and the end of the robot. We introduce a pipeline to perform the demoulding task of different plastic pieces relying in the use of this intelligent robotic system. Finally, to validate this approach, the automatic method has been successfully implemented in a real toy factory providing a novel approach in this traditional manufacturing process. The paper describes the robotic system performance using different forces and velocities, obtaining a success rate of more than 90% in the experimental results.