bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
FDTD analysis of dual frequency printed dipole antenna
Authors: Michishita Naobumi , Arai Hiroyuki , Tsunekawa Koichi , Karikomi Masahiro 
Published: September 2003

AbstractThe operating principle of a balun for feeding a printed dipole antenna for base stations of mobile communications is analyzed by the FDTD method. The parameters of the open stub connected in series to the dipole antenna and the shorting stub connected in parallel are studied in detail. It is shown that these two stubs realize dual resonances. The controllable range of the dual resonant frequencies is presented for varying stub lengths. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 86(10): 9–16, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjb.10184
A spatiotemporal equalization method with cascade configuration of an adaptive antenna array and a decision feedback equalizer
Authors: Hayashi Kazunori , Hara Shinsuke 
Published: September 2003

AbstractSpatiotemporal equalization is a technique to compensate the intersymbol interference (ISI) due to multipath effects by means of information about the received signal on both the time axis and the spatial axis. In this paper, an application of the spatiotemporal equalizer to high‐speed wireless communications such as wireless LAN is considered. In order to reduce the total number of weights, a spatiotemporal equalizer using a cascade connection of an adaptive array and a decision feedback equalizer (DFE) is examined. Since the error characteristic surface in the minimum mean square error (MMSE) criterion weight calculation for the spatiotemporal equalizer with a cascade configuration is a fourth‐order function of the weight, there is a possibility of encountering a local minimum in addition to the global minimum. In this paper, in order to prevent the weights from falling into a local minimum, the weights of the adaptive array and the DFE are computed individually in two steps. In addition, a captured path is selected adaptively by means of an adaptive array based on the estimated complex instantaneous impulse response of the propagation path. In this way, the proposed spatiotemporal equalization method can handle various propagation paths. The characteristics of the method are evaluated by computer simulation. It is confirmed that the proposed method exhibits excellent characteristics with few weights in various propagation environments. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 86(10): 25–35, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjb.10186
An analysis on malfunction of a flip‐flop due to impulsive noise on power supply
Authors: Tsukagoshi Tsuneo , Nitta Shuichi , Mutoh Atsuo 
Published: September 2003

AbstractTo dynamically analyze the output inversion mechanism due to impulsive noise applied on a DC power supplyVcc, assuming that a flip‐flop consisting of two transistors is used as the power supply noise sensor, the authors propose a simple circuit model not based on a nonlinear transistor model and a simple inversion model for performing a voltage comparison between the output pinVc1[see Fig. 1(a)] and the applied voltageVinof the power supply to determine whether or not inversion occurred. They also propose a technique for estimating noise immunity from transient response characteristics of the flip‐flop, which were obtained by using these models, and compare the estimated values obtained according to this technique with simulation values using SPICE and experimental values to verify the validity of this model within a range limited by the time constantTcof the simple circuit model [consisting ofRc1,R12, andC1in Fig. 1(d)] and the overdriving factor (ODF) of the transistors. The results clearly indicated that the time constantTcof the simple circuit model produced a response delay for output pinVc1relative to the applied voltageVinof the power supply on which the impulsive noise was applied, that an inverted potential gradient for whichVc1>Vinwas temporarily generated with the power supply voltage when the power supply voltage dropped, that this caused the current to flow backwards to the power supply side, and that making the base current of the transistor go in the negative direction is the cause of the output inversion. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 86(10): 36–50, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjb.10187
Size reduction of the door seal structure of a microwave oven by the FD‐TD method
Authors: Kusama Yusuke , Hashimoto Osamu , Makida Minoru 
Published: September 2003

AbstractAssuming a choke groove depth of half the present value, the FD‐TD method is used to obtain a value for the effectiveness of shielding against leakage waves that is very close to the actual value, including higher modes. To reduce computation time, the optimum dimension is first calculated for a TEM mode wave incident on a choke groove with a two‐dimensional cross section. Using the calculated optimal data, a three‐dimensional choke groove with periodic slits is analyzed and evaluated. To further compensate for the degradation of shielding effectiveness due to reduction in size, the case in which a lossy material and the groove are combined is also investigated. A choke based on the results of the analysis gave a measured shielding effectiveness of approximately 31 dB, providing an experimental demonstration of the validity of the analysis. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 86(10): 73–83, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjb.10190
Rotation invariant image template matching based on correlation of curvature distribution
Authors: Saitoh Fumihiko 
Published: September 2003

AbstractThis paper proposes a method of searching for a target image area that has an arbitrary location and inclination in an objective image. The method uses the curvature of the edge pixels, which is invariant to the location and inclination of a target image area. The curvature of an edge pixel and the distance between the central pixel and the edge pixel are measured in a circular image area. The stored value in the two‐dimensional space that is spread by the curvature and the distance is incremented. This process is repeated about all edge pixels in the circular image area. The matching is executed between the two‐dimensional spaces that are generated by the circular template image and generated by a circular image area in an objective image. The experimental results show that the recognition rate of the target image areas recorded 97.8% of four kinds of images. The averaged processing time to search the target image areas was 20.4 seconds. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 145(4): 56–3, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.10235
Percutaneous toxicokinetic and repeated cutaneous contact studies with ethylene glycol monohexyl ether
Authors: Ballantyne Bryan , Jensen Charles B. , Weaver Elizabeth V. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractEthylene glycol monohexyl ether (EGHE; CAS no. 112‐54‐4) is a liquid industrial chemical with a potential for skin contact. The toxicokinetics of EGHE was investigated in Fischer 344 rats and New Zealand White rabbits by intravenous (i.v.) and 48‐h occluded epicutaneous dosing. Given i.v. to male rats (2.5–25 mg kg−1) [14C]EGHE demonstrated ﬁrst‐order kinetics. Carbon‐14 was eliminated mainly in urine (68–74%) as metabolites, with no free EGHE. The plasma free EGHE concentration declined rapidly post‐dosing and was not detectable by 8 h. Similar results were obtained for [14C]EGHE given i.v. to male rabbits in the dosage range 1–10 mg kg−1, except that the metabolism of EGHE was more rapid, with no free EGHE being detectable in plasma by 1 h post‐dosing. After cutaneous dosing of male and female rats with 25 mg kg−1, there was rapid percutaneous absorption, with >95% of the radiochemical dose being recovered. Percutaneous bioavailability was >75%. Carbon‐14 was excreted in urine (21–33%) to a lesser extent than by the i.v. route, and 14CO2 and volatiles accounted for 15–18%. Carbon‐14 recovery was low from tissues and organs (0.39–0.46%), with no preferential accumulation. Extensive metabolism was indicated by the rapid decline in plasma free EGHE, with none being detectable by 48 h. Free EGHE was not present in urine, and urinary radioactivity was associated with up to seven metabolites. After cutaneous dosing of male and female rabbits (10 mg kg−1) ca. 75% of the dose was recovered, most 14C being in urine (58–60%). Urine radioactivity was associated with up to nine metabolite peaks, but no free EGHE. The toxicokinetic ﬁndings indicate a signiﬁcant percutaneous absorption of EGHE across both rat and rabbit skin, which is rapidly and extensively metabolized, with renal excretion being the principal route of elimination of metabolites. A 9‐day repeated skin contact study in the male and female New Zealand White rabbit, using a dosage range of 44–444 mg kg−1 day−1, did not show any evidence for percutaneous systemic toxicity. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Toxicological evaluation of an electrically heated cigarette. Part 3: Genotoxicity and cytotoxicity of mainstream smoke
Authors: Tewes F. J. , Meisgen T. J. , Veltel D. J. , Roemer E. , Patskan G. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractThe in vitro toxicity of cigarette mainstream smoke from an electrically heated cigarette (EHC) with controlled combustion was compared with that of the standard University of Kentucky Reference Cigarette 1R4F.In the Salmonella reverse mutation assay, strains TA98, TA100, TA102, TA1535 and TA1537 were used in the absence and presence of a metabolic promutagen activation system (S9) to determine the mutagenic potential of the total particulate matter (TPM), which was collected on a glass‐ﬁber ﬁlter. In the neutral red uptake assay, mouse embryo BALB/c 3T3 cells were used to determine the cytotoxic potential of TPM as well as of the water‐solubles in the gas/vapor phase trapped in phosphate‐buffered saline.The TPM from the electrically heated cigarette was up to 90% lower in mutagenicity than that of the 1R4F calculated on an equal TPM basis. This reduction in mutagenicity is consistent with the signiﬁcantly lower concentration of nearly all constituents analyzed in EHC smoke. With regard to cytotoxicity when calculated on an equal TPM basis, TPM from the electrically heated cigarette was 40% less active relative to the 1R4F. When calculated on a per cigarette basis, the cytotoxicity of both the TPM fraction and the water‐solubles in the gas/vapor phase of smoke from the EHC was ca. 80% lower relative to the 1R4F. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Parabens, oestrogenicity, underarm cosmetics and breast cancer: a perspective on a hypothesis
Authors: Harvey Philip W. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractA recent review by Darbre (2003) published in this journal (J. Appi. Toxicol. 23: 89–95) has attracted public and scientiﬁc interest that requires perspective, particularly on the use of esters of p‐hydroxybenzoic acid (parabens) as preservatives in underarm cosmetics. Although parabens are generally regarded as safe, recent reports suggest that they are oestrogenic in a variety of in vitro (including MCF7 and ZR‐75‐1 human breast cancer cell lines) and in vivo tests for oestrogenicity (uterotrophic assays in both rat and mouse). There are also recent reports of adverse reproductive and developmental outcomes in rodent toxicity studies. Of interest is the lack of activity by the oral route but clear activity by the subcutaneous and topical routes, which is of some relevance to the use of underarm cosmetics. There would seem to be a case now to supplement these emerging toxicity data with longer term regulatory standard tests examining other oestrogenic endpoints and at least to consider these ﬁndings in more up‐to‐date risk assessments speciﬁc for cosmetic use. Further, there are few data on the use of underarm cosmetics and the risk of breast cancer, and although one recent retrospective interview‐based study found no association there is a need for more thorough investigation taking into account the type of chemicals used. Darbre has forwarded a hypothesis and called for further work to establish whether or not the use of underarm cosmetics (particularly containing oestrogenic formulants) contributes to the rising incidence of breast cancer. It would seem prudent to conduct this work because the current database is sparse and the effects of long‐term low‐level exposures to weakly oestrogenic chemicals on human health, particularly their application to the underarm and the risks of breast cancer, are unknown. The role of oestrogens in breast cancer, however, is undisputed. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tissue interactions and lens‐forming competence in the outer cornea of larval Xenopus laevis
Authors: Cannata Stefano M. , Arresta Emiliano , Bernardini Sergio , Gargioli Cesare , Filoni Sergio 
Published: September 2003

AbstractAfter lentectomy through the pupillary hole, the outer cornea of larval Xenopus laevis can undergo transdifferentiation to regenerate a new lens. This process is elicited by inductive factor(s) produced by the neural retina and accumulated into the vitreous chamber. During embryogenesis, the outer cornea develops from the outer layer of the presumptive lens ectoderm (PLE) under the influence of the eye cup and the lens. In this study, we investigated whether the capacity of the outer cornea to regenerate a lens is the result of early inductive signals causing lens‐forming bias and lens specification of the PLE, or late inductive signals causing cornea formation or both signals. Fragments of larval epidermis or cornea developed from ectoderm that had undergone only one kind of inductive signals, or both kinds of signals, or none of them, were implanted into the vitreous chamber of host larvae. The regeneration potential and the lens‐forming transformations of the implants were tested using an antisense probe for pax6 as an earlier marker of lens formation and a monoclonal antibody anti‐lens as a definitive indicator of lens cell differentiation. Results demonstrated that the capacity of the larval outer cornea to regenerate a lens is the result of both early and late inductive signals and that either early inductive signals alone or late inductive signals alone can elicit this capacity. J. Exp. Zool. 299A:161–171, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Teleost Fh14‐3‐3a protein protects xenopus oocytes from hyperosmolality
Authors: Kohn Andrea , Chakravarty Devulapalli , Kültz Dietmar 
Published: September 2003

AbstractWe have previously cloned and characterized a novel 14‐3‐3 gene from the euryhaline telost Fundulus heteroclitus, Fh14‐3‐3a (Kültz et al., 2001). The corresponding gene product is osmoregulated and most highly expressed in gill epithelium of this fish. In the present study we have expressed Fh14‐3‐3a cRNA in Xenopus laevis oocytes and investigated the survival and electrophysiological parameters of Xenopus oocytes in isosmotic and various hyperosmotic media. Xenopus oocytes expressing Fh14‐3‐3a show no mortality after a 16 hour exposure to hyperosmolality in the form of elevating medium K+, Na+, polyethylene glycol, or sorbitol concentrations up to 444 mosmol/kg. In contrast, 16 hours of the same hyperosmolality caused 100% mortality in control Xenopus oocytes injected with water. As a result of hyperosmolality the Xenopus oocyte membrane potential decreased between 10 and 70% in oocytes expressing Fh14‐3‐3a whereas it was completely abolished in control oocytes. We report that one potential cause for the osmoprotective effect of Fh14‐3‐3a on Xenopus oocytes could be its inhibition of an endogenous chloride current. Hyperosmotic urea was not as harmful to Xenopus oocytes as hypertonicity and maybe acting through a different mechanism. Coexpression of Fh14‐3‐3a with a human calcium channel in Xenopus oocytes did not affect the electrophysiological properties of this exogenous channel. Thus, the osmoprotective effect of Fh14‐3‐3a may prove a valuable tool for the characterization of exogenous ion channels in Xenopus oocytes exposed to hyperosmotic conditions. J. Exp. Zool. 299A:103–109, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Seasonal reproductive endocrine profile of the raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides)—effects of melatonin and food deprivation
Authors: Asikainen Juha , Mustonen Anne‐Mari , Hyvärinen Heikki , Nieminen Petteri 
Published: September 2003

AbstractThe raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides, Canidae, Carnivora) is a middle‐sized omnivore with excessive autumnal fattening and winter sleep. We studied adaptations of the species to boreal climate and photoperiod by following the plasma reproductive and thyroid hormone concentrations of farm‐bred raccoon dogs (n=32) for 12 months. On August 16, 2000, and February 8, 2001, half of the raccoon dogs received continuous‐release melatonin implants (the MEL group). The other half was sham‐operated (the SHAM group). Between November 27, 2000, and January 25, 2001, half of the animals of both groups were fasted. The plasma testosterone concentrations of the MEL males peaked in February, a month earlier than in the SHAM males. Autumnal melatonin treatment also advanced the gestation period reflected by the plasma progesterone concentrations by seven weeks. Food deprivation in winter seems to accentuate the sex steroid response during the mating as the fasted males had higher testosterone concentrations than the fed males in February and March. J. Exp. Zool. 180–187, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A partition property of a mixed type for Pκ(λ)
Authors: Matet Pierre 
Published: September 2003

AbstractGiven a regular infinite cardinal κ and a cardinal λ > κ, we study fine ideals H on Pκ(λ) that satisfy the square brackets partition relation $ H^{+} {\mathop \rightarrow \limits^{\kappa}} [H^{+}]^{2}_{\mu} $, where μ is a cardinal ≥2. (© 2003 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Kripke‐style semantics for many‐valued logics
Authors: Montagna Franco , Sacchetti Lorenzo 
Published: September 2003

AbstractThis paper deals with Kripke‐style semantics for many‐valued logics. We introduce various types of Kripke semantics, and we connect them with algebraic semantics. As for modal logics, we relate the axioms of logics extending MTL to properties of the Kripke frames in which they are valid. We show that in the propositional case most logics are complete but not strongly complete with respect to the corresponding class of complete Kripke frames, whereas in the predicate case there are important many‐valued logics like BL, Ł and Π, which are not even complete with respect to the class of all predicate Kripke frames in which they are valid. Thus although very natural, Kripke semantics seems to be slightly less powerful than algebraic semantics. (© 2003 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
An integral equation solution for three‐dimensional heat extraction from planar fracture in hot dry rock
Authors: Ghassemi A. , Tarasovs S. , H.‐D. Cheng A. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractIn the numerical simulation of heat extraction by circulating water in a fracture embedded in geothermal reservoir, the heat conduction in the reservoir is typically assumed to be one‐dimensional and perpendicular to the fracture in order to avoid the discretization of the three‐dimensional reservoir geometry. In this paper we demonstrate that by utilizing the integral equation formulation with a Green's function, the three‐dimensional heat flow in the reservoir can be modelled without the need of discretizing the reservoir. Numerical results show that the three‐dimensional heat conduction effect can significantly alter the prediction of heat extraction temperature and the reservoir life as compared to its one‐dimensional simplification. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Three‐dimensional elasto‐plastic model for unsaturated compacted soils with different initial densities
Authors: Sun D.A. , Matsuoka H. , Cui H.B. , Xu Y.F. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractThis paper presents an elasto‐plastic model for unsaturated compacted soils and experimental results obtained from a series of suction‐controlled triaxial tests on unsaturated compacted clay with different initial densities. The initial density dependency of the compacted soil behaviour is modelled by establishing experimental relationships between the initial density and the corresponding yield stress and thereby between the initial density and the location and slope of normal compression line. The model is generalized to three‐dimensional stress states by assuming that the shapes of the failure surface and the yield surface in the deviatoric plane are given by the extended SMP criterion. A considerable number of the isotropic compression, triaxial compression and extension tests on unsaturated compacted clay with different initial densities were performed using a suction‐controllable triaxial apparatus, to measure the stress–strain–volume change in different stress paths and wetting paths. The model has well‐predicting capabilities to reproduce the mechanical behaviour of specimens compacted under different conditions not only in isotropic compression but also in triaxial compression and triaxial extension. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prenatal detection of complex chromosomal aberrations using advanced molecular cytogenetic techniques
Authors: de Pater J. M. , Govaerts L. C. P. , de Man S. A. , van der Sijs‐Bos C. J. M. , Christiaens G. C. M. L. , van Dam W. M. , Loneus W. H. , Engelen J. J. M. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to identify a marker chromosome and characterize the short arm of a derivative chromosome 5 in a foetus with the following karyotype: mos 47,XX,del(5)(p?),+i(5)(p10)[50]/48,XX,del(5)(p?),+i(5)(p10),+mar[25].MethodAmniocentesis was performed in the 26th week of pregnancy because of ultrasound abnormalities (polyhydramnion and decreased amount of gastric filling). All classic banding techniques were performed. FISH and microdissection combined with reverse painting were used to reveal the exact origin of the marker and any extra material on the deleted chromosome 5p.The parents decided to continue the pregnancy and we compared the clinical features of the child born in week 34 with data from the literature on trisomy 5p. The possible contribution of trisomy of the centromeric region of chromosome 8 and trisomy 8p23.3→8pter to this clinical picture was evaluated.ResultsGTG banding showed one normal and two aberrant chromosomes 5 [del(5)(p?) and i(5)(p10)] in all the cells examined. Furthermore, a supernumerary marker chromosome was present in approximately 30% of the cells. The marker was CBG positive and positive with the pancentromere probe, but dystamicinA/DAPI negative. It did not contain NOR‐positive satellites. FISH proved this marker to be derived from the centromeric region of chromosome 8. MicroFISH disclosed the aberrant chromosome 5 as der(5)t(5;8)(p10;p23.3). The parent's karyotypes were normal.The baby showed the characteristic features of trisomy 5p syndrome. She died at the age of 15 days after cardiorespiratory arrest.ConclusionThe karyotype was interpreted as mos 47,XX,add(5)(p10).rev ish der(5)t(5;8)(p10;p23.3),+i(5)(p10) (WCP5+,D5S23+)[50]/48,XX,add(5)(p10).rev ish der(5)t(5;8)(p10;p23.3),+i(5)(p10)(WCP5+,D5S23+),+mar.ish 8(p10q10)(D8Z2+,WCP8‐)[25].Therefore, the baby had complete trisomy 5p, with trisomy of the distal part of 8p and of the centromeric region of chromosome 8.The clinical significance of de novo marker chromosomes is a major problem in prenatal counselling. Molecular cytogenetic tools such as FISH and microFISH are indispensable for characterizing markers and determining the breakpoints more precisely in deleted chromosomes. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.