bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
From Latin QUO(D) VELLES to Romagnol Cvël: A Case of Degrammaticalisation from a Free‐choice Indefinite to the Noun ‘Thing’1
Authors: D’Antuono Nicola 
Published: November 2023

AbstractDegrammaticalisation is an oft‐dismissed category of language change. In this paper evidence is provided for its existence, its triggers, and its conditions. This case study details the development of an understudied Old Italo‐Romance indefinite, covelle, a polarity‐sensitive item roughly translating as ‘anything’ which originated from a Latin free relative with Free‐Choice interpretation. It is shown that in Old Italo‐Romance the original Free Choice use was expanded to further nonveridical contexts. Subsequently, a curious development of covelle in Old Romagnol, a 16th‐century Gallo‐Italic variety, is examined whereby polar neutralisation (loss of sensitivity to polarity) of the indefinite was taking place. Contextually, a process of degrammaticalisation had begun through which the indefinite pronoun developed into the classifier ‘thing’. In Modern and Contemporary Romagnol cvël is almost exclusively employed as a noun/classifier. It is argued that two parallel processes have initiated a cycle that led cvël to complete degrammaticalisation: (i) the grammaticalization of the old noun for ‘thing’, co(n)sa, into a wh‐word, calling for lexical replacement, and (ii) competition from the Negative Concord Item gnit. The development of covelle in Romagnol represents a well‐documented case of degrammaticalisation, whose causes and conditions can be thoroughly described and motivated within an interaction with cyclical change.
Impact of COVID‐19 on gestational diabetes pregnancy outcomes in the UK: A multicentre retrospective cohort study
Authors: Mclennan Niamh‐Maire , Lindsay Robert , Saravanan Ponnusamy , Sukumar Nithya , White Sara L. , von Dadelszen Peter , Burden Christy , Hunt Kathryn , George Priya , Hirst Jane E. , Lattey Katherine , Lee Tara T. M. , Murphy Helen R. , Scott Eleanor M. , Magee Laura A. , Reynolds Rebecca M. ,   the Diabetes in Pregnancy Working Group
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the impact of implementing emergency care pathway(s) for screening, diagnosing and managing women with gestational diabetes (GDM) during COVID‐19.DesignRetrospective multicentre cohort.SettingNine National Health Service (NHS) Hospital Trusts/Health boards in England and Scotland.Population4915 women with GDM pre‐pandemic (1 April 2018 to 31 March 2020), and 3467 women with GDM during the pandemic (1 May 2020 to 31 March 2021).MethodsWe examined clinical outcomes for women with GDM prior to and during the pandemic following changes in screening methods, diagnostic testing, glucose thresholds and introduction of virtual care for monitoring of antenatal glycaemia.Main Outcome MeasuresIntervention at birth, perinatal mortality, large‐for‐gestational‐age infants and neonatal unit admission.ResultsThe new diagnostic criteria more often identified GDM women who were multiparous, had higher body mass index (BMI) and greater deprivation, and less frequently had previous GDM (all p < 0.05). During COVID, these women had no differences in the key outcome measures. Of the women, 3% were identified with pre‐existing diabetes at antenatal booking. Where OGTT continued during COVID, but virtual care was introduced, outcomes were also similar pre‐ and during the pandemic.ConclusionsUsing HbA1c and fasting glucose identified a higher risk GDM population during the pandemic but this had minimal impact on pregnancy outcomes. The high prevalence of undiagnosed pre‐existing diabetes suggests that women with GDM risk factors should be offered HbA1c screening in early pregnancy.
A pilot study of intensive short‐time continuous renal replacement therapy to substitute maintenance hemodialysis during transitional period of COVID‐19
Authors: Xu Jing , Xue Cheng , Cui Fangzheng , Lv Jiayi , Jie Yanqing , Liu Lingling , Zheng Qianwen , Fang Haigu , Li Xiangdong , Dai Bing , Chen Jing , Mao Zhiguo 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIntroductionThere is a lack of perfect solutions for maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) in patients with a high transmission risk of SARS‐CoV‐2.MethodsMHD patients with a high risk of SARS‐CoV‐2 transmission from April 1 to June 30, 2022, were recruited. We performed 4‐h continuous renal replacement therapy with Prismaflex dialysis machine and ST100 suite using continuous venovenous hemodiafiltration (CVVHDF) mode with a fluid exchange volume of 8000 mL/h.ResultsForty‐five MHD patients were included with a median dialysis age of 91 months. Overall spKt/V reached 0.96 ± 0.19. Urea reduction ratio was 50.29 ± 7.60% with the ultrafiltration of 2.18 ± 0.79 kg. Dry weight was significantly inversely correlated with spKt/V (R = −0.563, p < 0.001). Female gender was a significant positive factor of spKt/V. Preheating of replacement solution using an incubator solved the complication of shivering in most patients.ConclusionIntensive short‐time CVVHDF may be considered as an alternative for routine MHD during COVID‐19 transitional period.
Declination affects geomagnetic field‐modulated geotaxis in fruit flies
Authors: Bae JunYong , Kim Na‐Hyeon , Kim Soo‐Chan , Chae Kwon‐Seok 
Published: November 2023

AbstractDecades of research have established that the Earth’s magnetic field (geomagnetic field, GMF) is broadly used as a sensory cue for magnetic orientation in various animal taxa, including insects. In contrast to the investigation of the total intensity or inclination of the GMF, the effect of declination on horizontal magnetic movement has been explored in a few species, including flies, cockroaches, and dogs. However, the potential role of declination in the vertical movement in magnetosensitive organisms is yet to be reported. In this study, we provide the first evidence that declination within a natural range of change can affect static geotaxis in fruit flies, as assessed using the tube‐positioning assay. In open‐field measurements conducted at 22 domestic and foreign locations, the variation in declination was notably dependent upon the specific location, regardless of altitude, with similar variation in total intensity. Flies subjected to a geographic range of declination under the same total intensity and inclination exhibited remarkably different geotactic positioning scores, irrespective of GMF polarity. Notably, we observed a significant negative correlation between the geotactic score and the absolute value of declination, indicating that declination can induce negative geotaxis effects in flies. These results reveal that flies have evolved to incorporate a declination compass into their multimodal sensorimotor system and suggest that declination may be complementary to gravity in terms of environmental factor‐driven negative geotaxis in flies.
Species delimitation with limited sampling: An example from rare trapdoor spider genus Cyclocosmia (Mygalomorphae, Halonoproctidae)
Authors: Opatova Vera , Bourguignon Kellie , Bond Jason E. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe outcome of species delimitation depends on many factors, including conceptual framework, study design, data availability, methodology employed and subjective decision making. Obtaining sufficient taxon sampling in endangered or rare taxa might be difficult, particularly when non‐lethal tissue collection cannot be utilized. The need to avoid overexploitation of the natural populations may thus limit methodological framework available for downstream data analyses and bias the results. We test species boundaries in rare North American trapdoor spider genus Cyclocosmia Ausserer (1871) inhabiting the Southern Coastal Plain biodiversity hotspot with the use of genomic data and two multispecies coalescent model methods. We evaluate the performance of each methodology within a limited sampling framework. To mitigate the risk of species over splitting, common in taxa with highly structured populations, we subsequently implement a species validation step via genealogical diversification index (gdi), which accounts for both genetic isolation and gene flow. We delimited eight geographically restricted lineages within sampled North American Cyclocosmia, suggesting that major river drainages in the region are likely barriers to dispersal. Our results suggest that utilizing BPP in the species discovery step might be a good option for datasets comprising hundreds of loci, but fewer individuals, which may be a common scenario for rare taxa. However, we also show that such results should be validated via gdi, in order to avoid over splitting.
Livestock grazing promotes legume abundance under increased nutrient loads: Mechanistic evidence from a temperate grassland
Authors: Ciavattini Mariana , Tognetti Pedro M. , Campana Sofía , Yahdjian Laura 
Published: November 2023

AbstractQuestionLegumes are a key component of rangelands because they play an important role in animal nutrition and the entrance of nitrogen (N) into ecosystems through symbiotic fixation. Legume abundance is commonly low in N‐enriched environments because of competition with grasses and non‐legume forbs. Both haying and livestock grazing remove plant biomass and reduce light limitation to plant growth, with the difference that livestock may selectively consume legumes. This study examines how legumes respond to grazing, haying and fertilization, and what mechanisms explain legume abundance in rangelands.LocationFlooding Pampa, Argentina.MethodsWe performed two manipulation field experiments over 3 years. First, a factorial of rangeland management (intact, haying, or grazing) under two nutrient levels (ambient and increased N, phosphorus [P] and potassium [K]); and second, a factorial of rangeland management (intact or haying) and N × P addition. We evaluated legume, grass and non‐legume forb abundance and ground‐level light in three to five replicates of our experiments over 3 years.ResultsNPK fertilization increased legume abundance consistently under grazing, and temporarily under haying, but had no effect in the intact grassland. Also, P addition increased legume abundance only under haying when N was not added. Temporal changes in legume abundance were positively associated with changes in ground‐level light, which increased with haying and grazing, but decreased with fertilization in the intact grassland, and negatively with grass abundance.ConclusionsThe negative effects of nutrients on legume abundance were offset by the positive effects of livestock. The reduction in grass competition and increase in ground‐level light due to grazing and haying explained the positive responses of legume abundance to nutrients in this temperate grassland. Our results highlight the importance of considering the interactive response of legume abundance to grazing and fertilization, which are becoming common practices in rangelands.
The effect of competition on children's merit‐based resource allocation: The difference between interpersonal and intergroup competition
Authors: Xiao Xue , Zhang Miaomiao , Li Yanfang 
Published: November 2023

AbstractCompetition usually exists in groups in everyday interactions, but how children allocate according to competition outcomes (e.g., merit‐based allocation) after intergroup competition and the difference in children's allocations of rewards between interpersonal and intergroup competition remain unclear. Children aged 3–8 years were asked to complete interpersonal or intergroup competitive games and were further asked to allocate rewards between themselves and their partners (Study 1) or between their group and the other group (Studies 2 and 3) and to reason about their decisions. We found that after interpersonal competition, children tended to conduct merit‐based allocations when they won but were more inclined to conduct equal allocations when they lost; after intergroup competition, children were more inclined to make equal allocations regardless of whether they won or lost, only less than half of children followed meritorious principles. However, children conducted more merit‐based allocations with age after both interpersonal and intergroup competitions. In addition, children showed less bias towards their own side after intergroup competition than after interpersonal competition. Finally, they demonstrated an earlier proclivity towards being influenced by winning outcomes than by losing outcomes after interpersonal competition, whereas a converse tendency was found after intergroup competition.
The effect of simulated seasonal temperatures on Metarhizium brunneum‐associated mortality in Agriotes spp. click beetles, and a degree‐day infection model
Authors: Kabaluk Todd , Ruau Sophie , Poon Anita 
Published: November 2023

AbstractEntomopathogens tend to have a slow speed of kill when used for targeting agricultural insect pests. Relating temperature as a driver of this speed is important to predict pest mortality, and extending this to a degree‐day infection model has rarely been studied. Many species of wireworms (Coleoptera: Elateridae), the larvae of click beetles, are subterranean and generalist agricultural pests that can be difficult to control with pesticides. Targeting adult beetles, however, may be an effective method to reduce larval recruitment. Metarhizium brunneum Petch (Hypocreales), an entomopathogenic fungus, kills click beetles but the mortality rate and speed of kill are expected to vary according to temperature. Using a thermal gradient plate to simulate daily oscillating temperatures in Agassiz, British Columbia, Canada, for April, May, and June, the effectiveness of M. brunneum strains LRC112 and F52 in causing mortality to Agriotes obscurus (L.) and Agriotes lineatus (L.) click beetles was studied in the laboratory. Mortality was fastest in beetles exposed to June temperatures and slowest in those exposed to April temperatures, with differences among beetle species × M. brunneum strain combinations. Higher temperatures resulted in more rapid mycelial outgrowth and conidiation in beetle cadavers, with only A. obscurus infected with M. brunneum LRC112 attaining near 100% conidiation. The number of degree days required to kill 50% of the beetles (LDD50) was least for A. obscurus infected with M. brunneum LRC112 (176) followed by A. obscurus × M. brunneum F52 (212), A. lineatus × M. brunneum LRC112 (215), and A. lineatus × M. brunneum F52 (292). Hypothetical calculations showed that M. brunneum exposure earlier in the season resulted in a longer time to kill 50% of the beetles (LT50) but the earliest LT50 calendar date. Later M. brunneum exposure dates resulted in lower LT50's, but later LT50 dates. This conceptual work demonstrates that daily temperature oscillations, seasonality, and degree days must be considered to predict the efficacy and speed of kill of different fungal entomopathogen strains when targeting different click beetle species.
Epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors in advanced cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Pham James P. , Rodrigues Anthony , Goldinger Simone M. , Sim Hao‐Wen , Liu Jia 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPatients with advanced cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) who are not eligible for or who fail to respond to anti‐PD1 immunotherapy have few treatment options. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors have been investigated as a therapeutic option for advanced cSCC; however, data are limited to small single‐arm trials or retrospective studies. A systematic review and meta‐analysis was conducted to PRISMA guidelines (CRD42023394300). Studies reporting on outcomes of EGFR inhibition in advanced cSCC were identified. Objective response rate (ORR), progression‐free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS) and adverse event (AE) rate were pooled using a random effects model and the inverse variance method. Twelve studies (six prospective, six retrospective) were identified, representing 324 patients. Pooled ORR was 26% (95% confidence interval [CI] 18–36), median PFS was 4.8 months (95% CI 3.9–6.6) and median OS was 11.7 months (95% CI 9.2–14.1). Any grade AEs occurred in 93% of patients (95% CI 85–97) while grade 3 and higher AEs occurred in 30% (95% CI 14–54). These results were similar between anti‐EGFR monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) and tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). EGFR inhibitors can be considered in patients with advanced cSCC who are contraindicated for or progress on first‐line anti‐PD1 immunotherapy. Future studies should evaluate their activity and safety following anti‐PD1, identify predictive biomarkers for their efficacy and explore combination approaches.
Carbon storage in old hedgerows: The importance of below‐ground biomass
Authors: Drexler Sophie , Thiessen Eiko , Don Axel 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAmbitious climate change mitigation goals require novel carbon (C) sinks in agricultural systems. Thus, the establishment of new hedgerows is increasingly attracting attention as a C sequestration measure. Despite hedgerows being a traditional agroforestry system, few studies have been conducted on hedgerow C stocks. Data on below‐ground biomass (BGB) in particular are limited. The aim of this study was therefore to quantify both above‐ground biomass (AGB) and BGB C stocks, as well as litter and soil organic C stocks, of established hedgerow systems by destructive sampling at three sites in northern Germany. The total biomass C (TBC) stock of the sampled hedgerows was 105 ± 11 Mg ha−1 on average. An additional 11 ± 2 Mg ha−1 were found in hedgerow litter and dead roots. Coarse roots (34% of TBC), stumps (22%) and harvestable biomass (20%) were the largest biomass C pools of the hedgerows. The BGB:AGB ratio was 0.7 ± 0.1, showing the importance of BGB in old hedgerow systems. Compared with other woody systems, these old hedgerows seem to have a different biomass distribution, with more biomass allocated below‐ground. About 15% of BGB C stock was stored in fine roots, whereas 85% was stored in coarse roots. The topsoil (0–30 cm) contained 85% of coarse root biomass C and 51% of fine root biomass C. Hedgerow C stock exceeded that of average German forests, and thus demonstrated their large potential for C sequestration when newly planted. This study provides detailed empirical data on C stocks in old hedgerow systems, and thus can be used to take hedgerow C sinks into account in C farming frameworks.
Advances in Helicobacter pylori vaccine research: From candidate antigens to adjuvants—A review
Authors: Yunle Kuang , Tong Wu , Jiyang Liu , Guojun Wu 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundHelicobacter pylori is a Gram‐negative, spiral‐shaped bacterium that infects approximately 50% of the world's population and has been strongly associated with chronic gastritis, peptic ulcers, gastric mucosa‐associated lymphoma, and gastric cancer. The elimination of H. pylori is currently considered one of the most effective strategies for the treatment of gastric‐related diseases, so antibiotic therapy is the most commonly used regimen for the treatment of H. pylori infection. Although this therapy has some positive effects, antibiotic resistance has become another clinically prominent problem. Therefore, the development of a safe and efficient vaccine has become an important measure to prevent H. pylori infection.MethodsPubMed and ClinicalTrials.gov were systematically searched from January 1980 to March 2023 with search terms—H. pylori vaccine, adjuvants, immunization, pathogenesis, and H. pylori eradication in the title and/or abstract of literature. A total of 5182 documents were obtained. Based on the principles of academic reliability, authority, nearly publicated, and excluded the similar documents, finally, 75 documents were selected, organized, and analyzed.ResultsMost of the candidate antigens used as H. pylori vaccines in these literatures are whole‐cell antigens and virulence antigens such as UreB, VacA, CagA, and HspA, and the main types of vaccines for H. pylori are whole bacteria vaccines, vector vaccines, subunit vaccines, nucleic acid vaccines, epitope vaccines, etc. Some vaccines have shown good immune protection in animal trials; however, few vaccines show good in clinical trials. The only H. pylori vaccine passed phase 3 clinical trial is a recombinant subunit vaccine using Urease subunit B (UreB) as the vaccine antigen, and it shows good prophylactic effects. Meanwhile, the adjuvant system for vaccines against this bacterium has been developed considerably. In addition to the traditional mucosal adjuvants such as cholera toxin (CT) and E. coli heat labile enterotoxin (LT), there are also promising safer and more effective mucosal adjuvants. All these advances made safe and effective H. pylori vaccines come into service as early as possible.ConclusionsThis review briefly summarized the advances of H. pylori vaccines from two aspects, candidates of antigens and adjuvants, to provide references for the development of vaccine against this bacterium. We also present our prospects of exosomal vaccines in H. pylori vaccine research, in the hope of inspiring future researchers.
Effects of compassion satisfaction and compassion fatigue on posttraumatic growth of psychiatric nurses: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Zeng Li , Liu Guiling , Feng Fen , Qiu Yinong , Wang Shuping , Yu Meng , Wang Jialin 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAimsThis study aimed to explore the effects of compassion satisfaction and compassion fatigue on the posttraumatic growth of psychiatric nurses.BackgroundPsychiatric nurses' prolonged and repeated exposure to trauma and complex situations in the work environment can lead to negative emotions such as compassion fatigue, but they also experience positive consequences such as posttraumatic growth, and the relationship between compassion fatigue and posttraumatic growth is not unclear.MethodsA total of 336 nurses from psychiatry departments of seven tertiary hospitals in Sichuan Province, China, were administered an online questionnaire. Participants were recruited through convenience sampling. The posttraumatic growth level was measured with the Simplified Chinese version of the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory. The Professional Quality of Life Scale‐Chinese version was used to assess compassion satisfaction, burnout and secondary traumatic stress. T‐test and one‐way variance analysis, Pearson correlation analysis and hierarchical linear regression were used for data analysis. A STROBE checklist was used to guide the reporting of the research.ResultsPsychiatric nurses' posttraumatic growth is at a low level, influenced by demographic and occupational factors, whereas compassion satisfaction, burnout and secondary traumatic stress are at a moderate level. Hierarchical regression analysis suggested that compassion satisfaction and secondary traumatic stress had a positive impact on posttraumatic growth, whereas burnout had a negative impact on posttraumatic growth.ConclusionsFindings suggest that nursing managers should attach importance to the mental health of psychiatric nurses, improve compassion satisfaction, alleviate burnout and promote posttraumatic growth.
Descriptive epidemiology of SARS‐CoV‐2 Beta (B.1.351) variant cases in England, December 2020 to June 2022
Authors: Sinnathamby Mary A. , Zaidi Asad , Twohig Katherine A. , Aliabadi Shirin , Aziz Nurin Abdul , Groves Natalie , Gallagher Eileen , Thelwall Simon , Dabrera Gavin 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe emergence of the SARS‐CoV‐2 Beta (B.1.351) variant in November 2020 raised concerns of increased transmissibility and severity. We describe the epidemiology of 949 confirmed SARS‐CoV‐2 Beta variant cases in England, identified between December 2020 and June 2022. Most cases were detected in the first 3 months. A total of 10 deaths (1.1%; 10/949) were identified among all cases and of those with travel information, 38 (4.9%; 38/781) cases with hospital admissions within 14 days of a positive test being detected. 52.9% (413/781) cases were imported. This study reinforces the importance of monitoring of travel‐associated cases to inform public health response and reduce transmissibility of new variants.