bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perceptions of Reincorporation: Attitudes Towards Ex‐FARC Combatants in Colombian Society
Authors: Hernández Salazar Giovanni Andrés , Gómez Roldán Ignacio , Thoene Ulf 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTNo Latin American country is as associated with violence in the global imagination as Colombia. The objective of this research is to contribute to the study of the perceptions and attitudes of individuals who are not part of illegal armed groups towards Colombians from the ranks of the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) undergoing the process of reincorporation by estimating the degree of positive or negative implicit association, as well as the words, concepts or ideas with which civil society associates individuals undergoing the process of reincorporation. Concerning the chosen methodology, this research applies the Implicit Association Test (IAT). The results show that a reincorporated individual is associated with negative feelings and words, such as corrupt, vindictive and irresponsible. In contrast, a person not linked with illegal groups is associated with positive feelings and words such as innovative. This negative association persists in citizens and entrepreneurs regardless of gender, level of schooling or age. It is recommended that the sample be expanded to other cities and regions of the country. The originality of this article lies in its focus on examining the perceptions and attitudes of individuals who are not part of illegal armed groups towards Colombians undergoing the process of reincorporation from the ranks of the FARC.
Development and Validation of a Prediction Model for Enteral Feeding Intolerance in Critical Ill Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Liu Lijie , Li Jin , Hu Liting , Cai Xiaowei , Li Xiaoyan , Bai Yang 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTAimTo construct and validate a prediction model for enteral feeding intolerance in critically ill patients during the first 7 days of enteral feeding.DesignA retrospective cohort study.MethodsWe reviewed the medical records of two intensive care units from January 2015 to August 2023, to develop a prediction model by univariate analysis and logistic regression analysis. Model's performance was evaluated through discrimination, calibration and decision curve analysis.ResultsThis study involved a total of 471 patients, with an enteral feeding intolerance incidence rate of 35.7%. The prediction model comprised six variables, namely neurological disease, chronic gastrointestinal disease, Acute Physiological and Chronic Health Assessment II score, sedatives, acid suppressants and serum albumin. The model showed robust discrimination, calibration and clinical net benefit, indicating significant potential for practical application with readily available variables.ConclusionsThe model demonstrated strong predictive performance in assessing the risk of enteral feeding intolerance during the early stage of nutrition initiation.Implications for the Profession and/or Patient CareEnhancing clinicians' capacity to reduce the incidence of enteral feeding intolerance and improve patient outcomes.ImpactThe prediction model shows a good capacity to discriminate critically ill patients at risk of enteral feeding intolerance, is helpful to provide personalised care.Reporting MethodTRIPOD + AI checklist.Patient or Public ContributionNo patient or public contribution.Trial Registration: https://www.chictr.org.cn/ ChiCTR2400090757
Crisis Interventions in Corporate Insolvency
Authors: ANTILL SAMUEL , CLAYTON CHRISTOPHER 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTWe model the optimal resolution of insolvent firms in general equilibrium. Collateral‐constrained banks lend to (i) solvent firms to finance investments and (ii) distressed firms to avoid liquidation. Liquidations create negative fire‐sale externalities. Liquidations also relieve bank balance–sheet congestion, enabling new firm loans that generate positive collateral externalities by lowering bank borrowing rates. Socially optimal interventions encourage liquidation when firms have high operating losses, high leverage, or low productivity. Surprisingly, larger fire sales promote interventions encouraging more liquidations. We study synergies between insolvency interventions and macroprudential regulation, bailouts, deferred loss recognition, and debt subordination. Our model elucidates historical crisis interventions.
Feedback Effects and Systematic Risk Exposures
Authors: BANERJEE SNEHAL , BREON‐DRISH BRADYN , SMITH KEVIN 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTWe model the “feedback effect” of a firm's stock price on investment in projects exposed to a systematic risk factor, like climate risk. The stock price reflects information about both the project's cash flows and its discount rate. A cash‐flow‐maximizing manager treats discount rate fluctuations as “noise,” but a price‐maximizing manager interprets such variation as information about the project's net present value. This difference qualitatively changes how investment behavior varies with the project's risk exposure. Moreover, traditional objectives (e.g., cash flow or price maximization) need not maximize welfare because they do not correctly account for hedging and risk‐sharing benefits of investment.
Reactive carbonyl species function downstream of reactive oxygen species in chitosan‐induced stomatal closure
Authors: Jahan Israt , Islam Md. Moshiul , Nakamura Toshiyuki , Nakamura Yoshimasa , Munemasa Shintaro , Mano Jun'ichi , Murata Yoshiyuki 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAn elicitor, chitosan (CHT), induces stomatal closure in plants, which is accompanied by salicylhydroxamic acid (SHAM)‐sensitive peroxidases‐mediated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in guard cells. Reactive carbonyl species (RCS) function downstream of ROS in abscisic acid (ABA) and methyl jasmonate (MeJA) signalling in guard cells. However, the involvement of RCS in CHT‐induced stomatal closure is still unknown. In this study, we used transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) plants overexpressing Arabidopsis thaliana 2‐alkenal reductase (AER‐OE tobacco) and Arabidopsis wild‐type (WT) plants to investigate whether RCS is involved in CHT‐induced stomatal closure. Chitosan‐induced stomatal closure was inhibited in the tobacco AER‐OE plants. In the WT tobacco and Arabidopsis plants, CHT‐induced stomatal closure was inhibited by RCS scavengers, carnosine and pyridoxamine. Chitosan significantly increased RCS production in the WT tobacco and Arabidopsis, but in the tobacco AER‐OE plants, chitosan did not increase significantly RCS accumulation. Moreover, neither the application of RCS scavengers to both WT plants nor scavenging RCS by AER‐OE affected the CHT‐induced ROS accumulation. However, treatment with a peroxidase inhibitor, SHAM, significantly inhibited CHT‐induced RCS accumulation in WT tobacco and Arabidopsis plants. Taken together, these results suggest that RCS acts downstream of ROS production in CHT signalling in guard cells of A. thaliana and N. tabacum.
Union‐Cooperative Collaborations: Toward a Global Framework of Analysis
Authors: Agarwala Rina , Mori Ahmed 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTUnion‐cooperative collaborations, which first emerged in the 18th century, have witnessed a resurgence in recent years. Across the world, they have created new jobs, safeguarded worker‐owners facing exploitation, and reinvigorated community and labor movements. By combining cooperatives' democratizing ideals of self‐reliance and social security with union ideals of empowerment and mass organization, union‐cooperative collaborations hold immense potential for social transformation. It is no wonder that union‐cooperative collaborations have sparked rich, new scholarly attention. But our understanding of these collaborations deserves more depth. Therefore, this review draws on the extant literature and the case of SEWA from India to build a more globally relevant framework that can deepen future analyses of the potential and contradictions undergirding union‐cooperative collaborations. Our framework articulates three levels of collaboration, three mechanisms through which such collaborations yield benefits, and a key condition for successful and transformational collaboration. Underlying successful collaborations is a contradiction that needs to be addressed‐‐namely the challenge to democracy that comes with scale.
Efficient estimation for the multivariate Cox model with missing covariates
Authors: Cho Youngjoo , Kim Soyoung , Ahn Kwang Woo 
Published: January 2025

AbstractMissing covariates are a ubiquitous issue in data analysis. One of the widely used approaches for efficient parameter estimation is using augmentation based on the semiparametric efficiency theory. However, existing methods for right‐censored data with the Cox model did not correctly implement augmentation, which may result in inefficient parameter estimation. In this paper, we derive a correct augmentation term for the stratified proportional hazards model with missing covariates. We study the statistical properties of the estimators for known and unknown missing mechanisms. Thus, a popular study design, such as the case‐cohort study design, can be handled as a special case. Simulation studies show that our new estimators for an unknown missing mechanism and the case‐cohort study design obtain estimation efficiency gains compared with inverse probability weighted estimators. We apply our method to the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study under the case‐cohort study design.
Identification of the Novel HLA‐DPB1*1483:01 Allele in a Deceased Hispanic/Latino Donor
Authors: Oh Eun‐Sang , Krolik Marzanna , Skill Kelly , Islam Humayun Kamal , Putheti Prabhakar 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTWe describe the novel HLA‐DPB1*1483:01 allele found in a deceased Hispanic/Latino male.
Characterisation of the Novel HLA‐DQB1*03:571 Allele by Next‐Generation Sequencing
Authors: Moya‐Quiles María Rosa , Muro Manuel 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTHLA‐DQB1*03:571 differs from HLA‐DQB1*03:09 by one nucleotide substitution in codon 170 in exon 3.
Use of Machine Learning for Estimation of Wave Added Resistance and its Application in Ship Performance Analysis
Authors: Eftekhar Seyed Faraz , Bingham Harry B. , Amini-Afshar Mostafa , Mittendorf Malte , Tripathi Harshit , Nielsen Ulrik D. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In this paper we develop a deep neural network model to estimate the wave added resistance. The required data to train the model is generated using strip-theory calculations over a wide range of hull geometries and operational conditions. The model is efficient as it only requires the ship's main particulars: length, beam, draft, block coefficient and slenderness ratio. In addition, we present an application of this model in a vessel performance framework. This will be used for predicting propulsion power and analyzing the degree of biofouling on ships from the company Ultrabulk. The study shows that the developed deep neural network model produces reliable results in predicting the added wave resistance coefficient in comparison to strip-theory calculations. Also, the developed ship propulsion and biofouling analysis display satisfactory output for monitoring hull performance under actual ship operational conditions.
Identification of a Leisure Boat's Maneuvering Model at Medium-High Speed Using Open-Sea Trial Data
Authors: Seo Ji Young , Park Hyo-Jin , Choi Hujae , Nam Bo Woo 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This study employs system identification techniques to develop a maneuvering model for a leisure boat operating at medium-high speeds, using data from open-sea trials. Based on the Maneuvering Modeling Group (MMG) framework, the maneuvering model for the leisure boat is modularized into hull and propeller–rudder components and optimized to improve the accuracy of ship motion predictions. For the hull force model, various candidate terms, consisting of polynomial expressions of ship velocities, were grouped based on similar physical features and fully searched to identify the optimal hull force model with the highest prediction performance for ship motion. Similarly, for the propeller–rudder force model, various coupling terms accounting for interactions within the propulsion system were included as candidate terms and evaluated to determine the optimal propeller–rudder force model suitable for the leisure boat. This study compared the accuracy of predicted ship motions using the identified and conventional maneuvering models, confirming that the identified maneuvering model provides improved prediction performance. The limitations of the traditional maneuvering models, which are primarily designed for larger vessels, and the unique dynamic characteristics of leisure boats are also discussed.
Changes in Leisure-Time Physical Activity and Sedentary Time and Their Associations With Psychological Distress: An Occupational Cohort Study
Authors: Päivärinne Ville , Lahti Jouni , Salmela Jatta , Kouvonen Anne , Lallukka Tea , Rahkonen Ossi 
Published: January 2025

Background: Physical inactivity and sedentary behavior are associated with mental ill-health. We examined changes in leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) and sedentary time, and their associations with psychological distress in an occupational cohort. Methods: We used phase 1 survey data, collected among the employees of the City of Helsinki, Finland, aged 19–39 years in 2017, and phase 2 follow-up survey from 2022 (n = 1914 participants, 75% women). A 4-category variable (High→High, Low→High, High→Low, and Low→Low) was constructed for both LTPA and sedentary time to reflect the change over time. The 21-item Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale was used to measure psychological distress. Logistic regression analysis estimated odds ratios (ORs) and their 95% CIs, adjusting for sociodemographic factors, working conditions, health-related factors, and physician-diagnosed mental disorders at phase 1. Results: Repeated low LTPA was associated with anxiety (OR = 2.03; 95% CI, 1.44–2.85), depressive (OR = 1.69; 95% CI, 1.22–2.36), and stress (OR = 2.22; 95% CI, 1.58–3.12) symptoms after adjusting for gender and age, compared with repeated high LTPA. The associations remained after full adjustments in anxiety (OR = 1.57; 95% CI, 1.08–2.30) and stress (OR = 1.92; 95% CI, 1.32–2.78) symptoms. Additionally, a change from high to low LTPA was associated with anxiety (OR = 1.47; 95% CI, 1.05–2.04) symptoms after full adjustments. Conclusion: Repeated low levels of LTPA are associated with anxiety and stress symptoms. No consistent associations between sitting time and psychological distress could be confirmed. Considering the increasing levels of psychological distress in recent years, particularly among younger adults, it is essential to explore effective countermeasures through large interventions or prospective study designs.
Persian Version of the Modified Constant Score in Overhead Athletes: A Reliability and Validation Study
Authors: Jafari Fariba , Abbasi Leila , Motealleh Alireza 
Published: January 2025

Context: Shoulder impingement syndrome (SIS) is the most common shoulder injury among overhead athletes. The Constant score (CS) is a combined scoring system to evaluate functional status of the shoulder in patients with shoulder pain. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: Cultural adaptation of the Persian version of CS was conducted using Beaton’s guideline. Sixty-three overhead athletes (23.57 [7.50] y old) with SIS completed the final version for psychometric assessment. After 5 to 7 days, a group of 33 patients completed the Persian CS again to assess test—retest reliability. Internal consistency, floor/ceiling effects, and item-total correlation were evaluated in patients with SIS. Concurrent validity was assessed through comparison with the disability of the arm, shoulder, and hand questionnaire scores. Twenty-five healthy athletes (31.80 [7.32] y old) participated for determining discriminant validity. Results: The Persian CS demonstrated good test–retest reliability, with subjective and objective intraclass correlation coefficients of .79 and .80, respectively. The internal consistency was satisfactory (Cronbach alpha = .74). No ceiling or floor effects were noted. The Pearson correlation coefficient between CS and disability questionnaire was −.68. The mean total score for patients was 67.02, while for the healthy group was 96.99 (P = .000). The standard error of measurement was 1.51 for patients and 0.7 for healthy group. The smallest detectable change was 16.95 for patients and 5.71 for healthy group. Conclusion: The translation and cross-cultural adaptation of CS into Persian were successful. The Persian version demonstrates sufficient reliability and validity to evaluate shoulder function in overhead athletes with SIS.
Viral influencers: deciphering the role of endogenous retroviral LTR12 repeats in cellular gene expression
Authors: Krchlikova Veronika , Lu Yueshuang , Sauter Daniel 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

The human genome is like a museum of ancient retroviral infections. It contains a large number of endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) that bear witness to past integration events. About 5,000 of them are so-called long terminal repeat 12 (LTR12) elements. Compared with 20,000 human genes, this is a remarkable number. Although LTR12 elements can act as promoters or enhancers of cellular genes, the function of most of these retroviral elements has remained unclear. In our mini-review, we show that different LTR12 elements share many similarities, including common transcription factor binding sites. Furthermore, we summarize novel insights into the epigenetic mechanisms governing their silencing and activation. Specific examples of genes and pathways that are regulated by LTR12 loci are used to illustrate the regulatory network built by these repetitive elements. A particular focus is on their role in the regulation of antiviral immune responses, tumor cell proliferation, and senescence. Finally, we describe how a targeted activation of this fascinating ERV family could be used for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes.
Policies, programmes and research on adolescent and youth sexual and reproductive health in South Sudan: a systematic scoping review
Authors: Crawford Jessica , Madut Chirrilo , Bak Chol , Wol Zack , Singh Neha S 
Published: January 2025

ObjectivesTo provide an overview of research, policies and programmes related to the sexual and reproductive health (SRH) needs of adolescents and youth (AY) in South Sudan in order to identify the gaps and potential areas of focus for researchers, policymakers and local and global SRH actors.DesignSystematic scoping review following the Joanna Briggs Institute criteria for evidence synthesis.Data sourcesMedline, Embase and Global Health were searched for articles dated between 9 July 2011 and 13 July 2023. A grey literature search was conducted using Google search engine and on the websites of key stakeholders.Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesWe included all types of studies, policies, reports and programmes that pertained to any aspect of the SRH AY (ages 10–35) in South Sudan.Data extraction and synthesisAll articles were screened by the first author using the predetermined eligibility criteria. A secondary review was conducted on all selected articles to ensure alignment with criteria. Data were extracted from all eligible articles using an established data extraction tool. The authors identified overarching themes from the extracted data and results were synthesised based on those themes.ResultsWe screened 728 articles, resulting in 52 articles included in the review (19 peer-reviewed, 33 grey literature). Results were mapped across South Sudan and synthesised by key AYSRH thematic areas. The results were largely focused on the experiences of adolescent girls and young women and the sociocultural norms and economic challenges that contribute to their lack of access to SRH services and increased risk of experiencing various forms of gender-based violence. Vulnerable populations were excluded from research, policies and programmes, including very young adolescents, LGBTQ youth and youth with disabilities.ConclusionsQuality research has been done on AYSRH in South Sudan; however, there are many key areas that have not been addressed such as maternal mortality and morbidities, safe abortion and tailored interventions for specific subgroups. While some policies and programmes were identified that address AYSRH, robust programme evaluation processes or evidence of follow-through or implementation of government strategies are lacking.
Characterising melanoma diagnostic pathways for patients in routine practice using administrative health data in Ontario, Canada: a population-based study
Authors: Mavor Meaghan E , Groome Patti A , Asai Yuka , Langley Hugh , Look Hong Nicole J , Wright Frances C , Hanna Timothy P 
Published: January 2025

ObjectiveTo characterise diagnostic pathways for patients with melanoma in routine practice and compare patient, disease and diagnostic interval (DI) characteristics across pathways.DesignDescriptive cross-sectional study using administrative health data.SettingPopulation-based study in Ontario, Canada.ParticipantsPatients with melanoma diagnosed from 2007 to 2019.Main outcome measuresWe used latent class cluster analysis to create clusters of patients with similar diagnostic experiences to characterise diagnostic pathways in routine practice. Indicator variables characterised the patient’s keratinocyte carcinoma and dermatologist history, presentation pattern, procedure types, number of visits and procedures, and the activity on the diagnosis date. χ2tests and Pearson residuals were used. We characterised clusters by the lengths of their DI, primary care subinterval and specialist care subinterval.ResultsThere were 33 371 patients diagnosed with melanoma from 2007 to 2019. We identified four diagnostic pathways: ‘primary care only’ (n=6107), ‘referred to specialist with immediate action’ (n=8987), ‘multiple visits and procedures in specialist care’ (n=11 893) and ‘specialist care only’ (n=6384). Patient, disease and DI characteristics varied across pathways. Pathway types varied regionally. A higher proportion in the ‘primary care only’ pathway lived in rural areas whereas a higher proportion in the ‘referred to specialist for immediate action’ and the ‘specialist care only’ pathways lived in major urban centres. Across pathways, the median DI varied from 1 to 67 days, the median primary care subinterval varied from 1 to 30 days and the median specialist care subinterval varied from 1 to 25 days. Patients in the ‘primary care only’ pathway experienced the shortest DIs, and patients in the ‘multiple visits and procedures in specialist care’ pathway experienced the longest DIs.Conclusions and relevanceWe identified four melanoma diagnostic pathways. The shortest DI, the ‘primary care only’ pathway, highlights the important role of primary care and the need to reduce the wait for specialists. Diagnostic processes varied across geographical locations. Future research should address reasons for these differences, including whether they are associated with inefficient or inappropriate care.