bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aerosol assisted synthesis of a pH responsive curcumin anticancer drug nanocarrier using chitosan and alginate natural polymers
Authors: Asadi Sepideh , Madrakian Tayyebeh , Ahmadi Mazaher , Aguirre Miguel Ángel , Afkhami Abbas , Uroomiye Seyed Sepehr , Ghaffari Fatemeh , Ranjbar Akram 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn recent years, several nanocarrier synthesis methods have been developed. In cancer therapy, the use of smart nanocarriers is of interest. Smart nanocarriers respond to their environment and can release their cargo in a controlled manner under the action of internal or external stimuli. In this work, we report on the development of an aerosol-assisted method for the synthesis of curcumin-loaded chitosan/alginate-based polymeric nanocarrier (CurNCs). A custom-fabricated multi-nebulizer system was utilized for the synthesis of CurNCs. The developed system comprises three main parts a sprayer, an electric heater tunnel, and a collector. Curcumin and chitosan solutions were sprayed using a pneumatic multinebulizer into the electric heater tunnel to form chitosan-curcumin assemblies. Then, the aerosol was guided into the collector solution containing sodium alginate and tri-poly phosphate aqueous solution for further cross-linkage. The synthesized CurNCs were characterized using TEM, DLS, and FTIR techniques. The TEM size of the nanoparticles was 8.62 ± 2.25 nm. The release experiments revealed that the nanocarrier is sensitive to the environment pH as more curcumin is released at acidic pH values (as is the case for cancerous tissues) compared to physiological pH. The curcumin content of the nanocarrier was 77.27 mg g−1 with a drug loading efficiency of 62%. The in-vitro cytotoxicity of the synthesized nanocarrier was evaluated against the MCF7 breast cancer cell line. The IC50 concentrations for CurNCs and curcumin were obtained as 14.86 and 16.45 mg mL−1, respectively. The results showed that while the empty nanocarrier shows non-significant cytotoxicity, the CurNCs impact the cell culture and cause prolonged cell deaths. Overall, pH-responsive curcumin polymeric nanocarrier was synthesized using a custom fabricated aerosol-based method. The method enabled fast and feasible synthesis of the nanocarrier with high efficiency.
Historical and future trends in South Asian monsoon low pressure systems in a high-resolution model ensemble
Authors: Vishnu S. , Boos William R. , Collins William D. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractHistorical trends in monsoon low pressure systems (LPS), the dominant rain-bearing weather system of South Asia, have been difficult to assess due to changes in the observing network. Future projections have also remained uncertain because prior studies concluded that many coarse-resolution climate models do not accurately simulate LPS. Here, we examine changes in South Asian monsoon LPS simulated by an ensemble of global models, including some with high spatial resolution, that we show skillfully represent LPS. In the ensemble mean, the number of strong LPS (monsoon depressions) decreased over the last 65 years (1950–2014) by about 15% while no trend was detected for weaker LPS (monsoon lows). The reduction in depression counts then moderated, yielding no trend in the periods 1980–2050 or 2015–2050. The ensemble mean projects a shift in genesis from ocean to land and an increase in LPS precipitation of at least 7% K−1, which together contribute to a projected increase in seasonal mean and extreme precipitation over central India.
Local resonance bandgap control in a particle-aligned magnetorheological metamaterial
Authors: Moghaddaszadeh Mohammadreza , Ragonese Andrew , Hu Yong , Guo Zipeng , Aref Amjad , Zhou Chi , Ren Shenqiang , Nouh Mostafa 
Published: November 2023

AbstractStimuli-responsive elastic metamaterials augment unique subwavelength features and wave manipulation capabilities with a degree of tunability, which enables them to cut across different time scales and frequency regimes. Here, we present an experimental framework for robust local resonance bandgap control enabled by enhanced magneto-mechanical coupling properties of a magnetorheological elastomer, serving as the resonating stiffness of a metamaterial cell. During the curing process, ferromagnetic particles in the elastomeric matrix are aligned under the effect of an external magnetic field. As a result, particle chains with preferred orientation form along the field direction. The resulting anisotropic behavior significantly boosts the sensitivity of the metamaterial’s elastic modulus to the imposed field during operation, which is then exploited to control the dispersive dynamics and experimentally shift the location and width of the resonance-based bandgap along the frequency axis. Finally, numerical simulations are used to project the performance of the magnetically-tunable metamaterial at stronger magnetic fields and increased levels of material anisotropy, as a blueprint for broader implementations of in situ tunable active metamaterials.
Miniaturised integrated passive device balun design with balanced amplitude and phase for Wi‐Fi applications
Authors: Ren Qixiang , Cao Yazi , Yuan Bo , Qi Yanzhu , Chen Shichang , Wang Gaofeng 
Published: November 2023

AbstractA miniaturised integrated passive device (IPD) balun design with low insertion loss and balanced amplitude and phase is proposed for Wi‐Fi/Bluetooth applications. In this design, a novel topology based on the modified T‐type filter structure is introduced to offset the parasitic and coupling effects that cause poor balance in IPD design. The proposed balun design is fabricated on a GaAs substrate. The measured insertion loss is lower than 0.9 dB and the measured return loss is >16 dB in the frequency range of 2.2–2.9 GHz. The measured results of amplitude and phase show rather minor imbalances, which are lower than ±0.67 dB and ±1.8° respectively. The fabricated device size is 0.9 mm × 0.6 mm only.
Vitamin D Alleviates Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus by Mitigating Oxidative Stress-Induced Pancreatic β-Cell Impairment
Authors: Liu Jia , Zhang Yuanjun , Shi Derong , He Cuihuan , Xia Guanghao 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjective Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a common metabolic disorder with rising incidence worldwide. This study explored the anti-T2DM role of vitamin D, thereby providing novel therapeutic strategies.Methods C57BL/6 J mice and MIN6 cells were used to induce in vivo T2DM and damaged β-cell models, respectively. Body weights, fasting blood glucose, and fasting insulin were measured in mice. Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and insulin tolerance test (ITT) were conducted on mice. Lipid indices (TG, TC, LDL-C, and HDL-C) were detected in mouse serum. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was used to evaluate pancreatic tissue injury. ELISA was used to assess insulin and oxidative stress (OS) markers (MDA, GSH, and SOD) in mice and MIN6 cells. Production of ROS was detected in islet β-cells and MIN6 cells. Cell viability and apoptosis were evaluated using CCK-8 and flow cytometry, respectively. QRT-PCR and western blotting were used to detect pro-inflammatory factors (TNF-α and IL-6) and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) markers (CHOP and GRP78), respectively.Results Vitamin D reduced body weights, fasting blood glucose, and insulin and ameliorated glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in T2DM mice. Besides, vitamin D decreased serum TG, TC, LDL-C, and increased HDL-C in T2DM mice. Vitamin D inhibited pancreatic histopathological injury, cell apoptosis, OS, and β-cell decline in T2DM mice. Moreover, vitamin D alleviated cell death, insufficient insulin secretion, inflammation, OS, and ERS in damaged MIN6 cells. Notably, N-acetyl-L-cysteine (an OS inhibitor) enhanced these effects of vitamin D.Conclusions Vitamin D relieved T2DM symptoms by alleviating OS-induced β-cell impairment.
Intracranial Cavernous Malformation with Concomitant Isolated Cerebral Mucormycosis Infection: A Case Report
Authors: Sengar Pratishtha , Pandey Nityanand , Kailashiya Vikas , Singh Varun Kumar 
Published: November 2023

AbstractCerebral cavernous malformation is an angiographically occult, well-circumscribed, benign hamartoma consisting of thin-walled sinusoidal vascular channels. Intracranial mucormycosis represents one of the most severe manifestations of mucor infection. We, hereby, report a case of cavernous malformation made rarer with concomitant mucormycosis. A 22-year-old female presented with left-sided facial seizures since age of 7 years and headache for the past 3 years. Magnetic resonance imaging brain revealed a right posterior frontal lobe cavernous malformation. Right frontal craniotomy with excision of cavernoma was done. Gross examination showed a solid cystic mass with multiple mulberry protrusions. Histopathological examination revealed features of cavernous malformation with evidence of mucormycosis. A final diagnosis of cavernous malformation with mucormycosis was rendered and microbiological studies were advised. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report of a cerebral cavernous malformation with mucormycosis in an immunocompetent patient without any risk factor.
Effects of Ionizing Radiation Exposure on Cataract among Radiation Workers of Interventional Cardiology in Indonesia
Authors: Setiawati Wida , Widyawati Syska , Zulkarnaien Benny , Danny Siska Suridanda , Andayani Gitalisa , Prihartono Joedo 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Purpose The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of radiation-induced cataracts and its correlation with radiation exposure dose and radiation protection equipment use among radiation workers of interventional cardiology.
Methods This is a cross-sectional and retrospective case–control study. We included 180 subjects. The prevalence of radiation-induced cataracts was assessed using Scheimpflug analysis on the Pentacam-Oculus device. Individual cumulative radiation exposure dose and radiation protection equipment use were identified from questionnaires and personal dosimeters.
Results The prevalence of radiation-induced cataracts was 16.7%. The median cumulative radiation dose was 0.8 (0.1–35.6) Gy. A positive correlation was found between cumulative radiation dose and lens density (R Spearman = 0.64). We found 83.9% of subjects used ceiling-suspended shields in 71 to 100% of their working period. However, most subjects (40.6%) did not wear protective eyewear. There was a statistically significant increasing risk of radiation-induced cataracts and unresponsive use of radiation protection equipment. Subjects using ceiling-suspended shield in only 31 to 50% of their working period increased their cataract risk by 10.8 times (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.05–111.49, p = 0.044). Meanwhile, subjects using protective eyewear in only 51 to 70% of their working period increased their cataract risk by 8.64 times (p = 0.001). Subjects who did not wear protective eyewear had an odd ratio of 164.3 (95% CI: 19.81–1363) compared to those who did.
Conclusion Radiation-induced cataracts among radiation workers of interventional cardiology depended on the radiation exposure dose and the use of radiation protection equipment.
Affective agenda dynamics on social media: interactions of emotional content posted by the public, government, and media during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Zhou Shuhuan , Yang Xiaokun , Wang Yi , Zheng Xia , Zhang Zhian 
Published: November 2023

AbstractEmotions shared by posters on social media can have a profound impact on individuals and society. This was particularly evident during the COVID-19 pandemic. To examine the types, trends, and dynamics of emotions communicated by the public, government, and media, this study collected 67,689 public posts, 36,740 government posts, and 126,988 media posts on Sina Weibo during the first 6 months of the COVID-19 pandemic. The vector autoregression model and Granger causality analysis were used to measure affective agenda networks and examine affective agenda dynamics. The findings show that the public, government, and media predominantly expressed positive emotions on Sina Weibo. The findings also reveal the significant influence of government emotions on media emotions, which subsequently affects public emotions. This study extends agenda-setting theory by integrating the dimension of emotional contagion. It underscores the potential for government and media to shape public emotions during health crises in order to maintain social order and increase compliance with emergency policies.
An efficient finite difference approach to solutions of Schrödinger equations of atoms in non-linear coordinates
Authors: Dong Shenghao , Sarwono Yanoar Pribadi , Zhang Rui-Qin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We present a transformed-coordinates method to solve the Schrödinger equation for H-like, He-like, and Li-like systems. Each Cartesian axes of the original Schrödinger equation is transformed to another coordinate system with the square root transformation

x

′

=

x

1
/
2

.

The resulting Hamiltonian contains the first and the second derivative for the kinetic energy part and with the potential proportional to the power of four, decaying faster than the original Coulomb potential. The total energies, their components, and the virial ratio are superior to those of the untransformed coordinates due to the considerably many data-points obtained and long-range sampling. Furthermore, a five-times or better computational efficiency is demonstrated in comparison to the standard method with much-improved accuracy. In agreement with the accurate method, the obtained wavefunction includes not only the radial but also the angular electron correlation of many-electron ions or atoms.
Effect of the surface anisotropy on the magnetic behavior of ultra-thin films single-domain on the spin reorientation transition regime by monte carlo simulation
Authors: Agudelo-Giraldo José Darío , Giraldo-Daza Helver Augusto , Moscoso Londoño Oscar , Londoño Calderón César Leandro 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this work, Monte Carlo simulations allowed for studying the effect of the surface anisotropy on the Spin Reorientation Transition regime for single-domain ultra-thin films. The simulations included spin moments (1), exchange constant (10 meV), magnetocrystalline anisotropy (0.5 meV), and dipolar magnetic interaction (0.05 meV). We evaluated the surface anisotropy constant for K

S
= 0.5, 1, and 2 meV and thicknesses ranging from 3 to 11 cells. We determined the magnetothermal and hysteresis loop in- and out-plane at different angles to the plane. Analysis of Variance allows for modeling the coercivity as a function of the thickness and the applied field direction (in- and out-plane). Under these simulation conditions, the Spin Reorientation Transitions appear only at a thickness of 7 cells with K

S
=1 meV. The main contribution to magnetization rises out-plane at low thicknesses and in-plane at high values. However, the dominant magnetization contribution is in-plane for the thickness of 7 cells and low surface anisotropy. The magnetization is mainly oriented, out-plane for the high surface anisotropy case. However, hysteresis loops were observed independent of the applied magnetic field direction and thickness. Analysis of Variance results suggests that the thickness and the applied magnetic field direction allowed for tunning the coercivity (hard or soft magnetic materials). Sample simulated ignoring the magnetocrystalline and the surface anisotropies produce magnetic components in- and out-plane with slight differences as angle function. The combination of dipolar interactions and magnetocrystalline anisotropy showed two magnetic behaviors, a hard magnetic phase at low angles and a soft one at high angles in-plane direction. The inverse behavior results in the out-plane component. We observed the same behavior when surface anisotropy is considered. The differences are the transition angle of 50° in the first case and 30° in the second.
A new approach for ammonia gas sensing using a source pocket dopingless tunnel FET with PANI catalyst
Authors: Mohanty Saumendra Kumar , Dash Sidhartha 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This article presents a new ammonia (NH3) gas sensor designed using a dopingless tunnel field effect transistor with a SiGe source pocket (SP-DLT) and investigates its sensitivity using a polyaniline (PANI) conducting polymer as the gate catalyst. PANI nanofiber has a greater specific surface area and a linked network structure, which increases its sensing performance as a catalyst. Combining an HfO2 gate dielectric and SiGe source pocket improves the drain current. The sensing film is deprotonated when the PANI conducting polymer is exposed to the gas, reducing the film’s resistance. As a result, more electron or proton transfer is possible, ensuring a more substantial interaction between the sensor and the analyte gas. This modulates the electrical characteristics and work function of the TFET. The sensor’s electrical performance is examined in terms of drain current, average subthreshold swing (SS), electric field, band-to-band tunneling rate (BTBT), and energy band diagram for an ammonia gas pressure (AGP) range of 10−12 torr to 10−9 torr. The sensitivity and selectivity of the proposed PANI-SP-DLT sensor in terms of different metrics, including drain current, average SS, current ratio, transconductance, and gain factor, are further investigated. The study is expanded to consider the impact of temperature affectability and the germanium mole fraction on current sensitivity performance. The Silvaco ATLAS device simulator is used for the brief simulation work for the developed gas sensor.
Simulation of thin insulating tunnel layer for Cu2ZnSnS4/CdS interface passivation
Authors: Purushotham S , Ramkumar G , Kannan V , Kumar Atul 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The CZTS solar cell has a high voltage deficit due to high interfacial recombination. The detrimental issues of conduction band offset, bandgap narrowing, interface defects and surface inversion at the CZTS/CdS junction are causing accelerated interfacial recombination and huge VOC and FF deficits. We proposed and theoretically analyzed a thin insulating tunnel layer for selective blocking holes and passing electrons through intraband tunnelling. The role of an insulating tunnel layer in neutralizing the interface defect and controlling interface recombination is explored. The CZTS/CdS configurations with tunnel layer have shown reduced recombination current and higher quantum efficiency. The tunnel layer incorporated devices have stable performance with increasing defects as opposed to devices without tunnel layer, which shows decreasing performance with increasing interface defects. The device performance of the tunnel layer device is η = 14.15%, with V

OC
, J
SC, and FF of 0.95 V, 24.5 mA cm−2 and 60.6%, respectively. The corresponding performance parameter of the device without a tunnel layer at the interface is an efficiency of 10.9%, V
OC = 0.73 V, J
SC = 21.8 mA cm−2, and a fill factor of 68.3%. The result for the optimized device with interface passivation by tunnel layer is expected to stimulate experimentalists in the field.
Impact of freeze-in on dark matter isocurvature
Authors: Bellomo N. , Berghaus Kim V. , Boddy Kimberly K. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Dark matter freeze-in is a compelling cosmological production mechanism in which all or
some of the observed abundance of dark matter is generated through feeble interactions it has with
the Standard Model. In this work we present the first analysis of freeze-in dark matter
fluctuations and consider two benchmark models: freeze-in through the direct decay of a heavy
vector boson and freeze-in through pair annihilation of Standard Model particles in the thermal
bath. We provide a theoretical framework for determining the impact of freeze-in on curvature and
dark matter isocurvature perturbations. We determine freeze-in dark matter fluid properties from
first principles, tracking its evolution from its relativistic production to its final cold state,
and calculate the evolution of the dark matter isocurvature perturbation. We find that in the
absence of initial isocurvature, the freeze-in production of dark matter does not source
isocurvature. However, for an initial isocurvature perturbation seeded by inflation, the
nonthermal freeze-in process may allow for a fraction of the isocurvature to persist, in contrast
to the exponential suppression it receives in the case of thermal dark matter. In either case,
the evolution of the curvature mode is unaffected by the freeze-in process. We show sensitivity
projections of future cosmic microwave background experiments to the amplitude of uncorrelated,
totally anticorrelated, and totally correlated dark matter isocurvature perturbations. From these
projections, we infer the sensitivity to the abundance of freeze-in dark matter that sustains some
fraction of the primordial isocurvature.
Spectro-spatial evolution of the CMB. Part I. Discretisation of the thermalisation Green's function
Authors: Chluba Jens , Kite Thomas , Ravenni Andrea 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Spectral distortions of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) have been recognized as an
important future probe of the early Universe. Existing theoretical studies primarily focused on
describing the evolution and creation of average distortions, ignoring spatial perturbations
in the plasma. One of the main reasons for this choice is that a treatment of the spectro-spatial
evolution of the photon field deep into the primordial Universe requires solving a radiative
transfer problem for the distortion signals, which in full detail is computationally challenging.
Here we provide the first crucial step towards tackling this problem by formulating a new spectral
discretisation of the underlying average thermalisation Green's function. Our approach allows us
to convert the high-dimensional partial differential equation system (≃ 103–104
equations) into and set of ordinary differential equations of much lower dimension (≃ 10
equations). We demonstrate the precision of the approach and highlight how it may be further
improved in the future. We also clarify the link of the observable spectral distortion parameters
(e.g., μ and y) to the computational spectral basis that we use in our frequency
discretisation. This reveals how several basis-dependent ambiguities can be interpreted in future
CMB analysis. Even if not exact, the new Green's function discretisation can be used to formulate
a generalised photon Boltzmann-hierarchy, which can then be solved with methods that are familiar
from theoretical studies of the CMB temperature and polarisation anisotropies. We will carry this
program out in a series of companion papers, thereby opening the path to full spectro-spatial
exploration of the CMB with future CMB imagers and spectrometers.