bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of a dispersed autonomous voltage control system to a real high‐voltage distribution network
Authors: Kabemura Katsuki , Yonekura Kazuhiko , Tsukamoto Takanori , Hashimoto Keiichirou , Hara Masanori 
Published: October 2003

AbstractThis paper focuses on the application results of the dispersed autonomous voltage control system, which the authors have proposed, to a real distribution network. This system is effective for regulating the supply voltage of an entire HV line within an optimum range. In the system configuration, an SCC is installed together with an SC and/or ShR on the line. Individual SCCs autonomously control the operation of SCs and/or ShRs based on the voltage measured where the SCs and/or ShRs are located on the line. A field test on a real high‐voltage distribution network found that the proposed system could sustain a high fault tolerance ability and also be cost‐effective in regulating line voltage. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 146(1): 27–36, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.10252
Genotype‐based association test for general pedigrees: The genotype‐PDT
Authors: Martin E.R. , Bass M.P. , Gilbert J.R. , Pericak‐Vance M.A. , Hauser E.R. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractMany family‐based tests of linkage disequilibrium (LD) are based on counts of alleles rather than genotypes. However, allele‐based tests may not detect interactions among alleles at a single locus that are apparent when examining associations with genotypes. Family‐based tests of LD based on genotypes have been developed, but they are typically valid as tests of association only in families with a single affected individual. To take advantage of families with multiple affected individuals, we propose the genotype‐pedigree disequilibrium test (geno‐PDT) to test for LD between marker locus genotypes and disease. Unlike previous tests for genotypic association, the geno‐PDT is valid in general pedigrees. Simulations to compare the power of the allele‐based PDT and geno‐PDT reveal that under an additive model, the allele‐based PDT is more powerful, but that the geno‐PDT can have greater power when the genetic model is recessive or dominant. Perhaps the most important property of the geno‐PDT is the ability to test for association with particular genotypes, which can reveal underlying patterns of association at the genotypic level. These genotype‐specific tests can be used to suggest possible underlying genetic models that are consistent with the pattern of genotypic association. This is illustrated through an application to a candidate gene analysis of the MLLT3 gene in families with Alzheimer disease. The geno‐PDT approach for testing genotypes in general family data provides a useful tool for identifying genes in complex disease, and partitioning individual genotype contributions will help to dissect the influence of genotype on risk. Genet Epidemiol 25:203–213, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Microsurgical training course for clinicians and scientists at a German University hospital: A 10‐year experience
Authors: Klein Ingo , Steger Ulrich , Timmermann Wolfgang , Thiede Arnulf , Gassel Heinz‐Jochen 
Published: October 2003

AbstractMicrosurgical techniques are being increasingly applied in almost all surgical disciplines. However, the opportunities to learn these skills in a structured course are rare. We have conducted a 5‐day microsurgical training course on a yearly basis since 1991. The course follows step‐by‐step training, starting with nonvital models for vascular and nerval microanastomoses. As the participants improve, exercises on laboratory animals are offered to close the gap between nonliving models and the clinical situation. Lectures provide theoretical and clinical background information. Clinical and experimental applications can be witnessed and practiced in a second part of the course. With this step‐by‐step curriculum, we conduct a successful training program, e.g., each participant is able to perform microvascular and nerval anastomoses on a reproducible basis. The organization, program, and execution of the training course are presented, together with an evaluation of the course concept by the participants concerning expectations, learning success, and level of satisfaction. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. MICROSURGERY 23:461–465 2003
Nonpolar second‐order nonlinear and electrooptic materials: Axially ordered chiral polymers and liquid crystals
Authors: Singer Kenneth D. , Petschek Rolfe G. , Ostroverkhov Victor , Twieg Robert J. , Sukhomlinova Ludmilla 
Published: October 2003

AbstractThis article reviews our work on the development and optimization of chiral, nonpolar media with large second‐order nonlinear optical responses. We show how molecular engineering, theory, and measurements can be used to optimize this promising class of nonlinear optical materials. We describe how supramolecular alignment into easily processable materials takes advantage of the relevant molecular hyperpolarizabilities. A wide variety of techniques can be used to fabricate bulk materials belonging to the chiral nonpolar symmetry groups, D∞ and D2. The microscopic chromophore alignment schemes that optimize the nonlinear optical response in such materials are deduced from general symmetry considerations for both molecules and bulk. We also speculate on the possible applications of such materials as image‐plane modulators. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 41: 2744–2754, 2003
“Color realism” shows a subjectivist' mode of thinking
Authors: Brill Michael H. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractByrne & Hilbert (B&H) assert that reflectances embody the reality of color, but metamerism smears the authors' “real” color categories into uselessness. B&H ignore this problem, possibly because they implicitly adopt a sort of subjectivism, whereby an object is defined by the percepts (or more generally by the measurements) it engenders. Subjectivism is unwieldy, and hence prone to such troubles.
A wide-spectrum coordination model of schizophrenia
Authors: Barendregt Hendrik Pieter 
Published: October 2003

AbstractThe target article presents a model for schizophrenia extending four levels of abstraction: molecules, cells, cognition, and syndrome. An important notion in the model is that of coordination, applicable to both the level of cells and of cognition. The molecular level provides an “implementation” of the coordination at the cellular level, which in turn underlies the coordination at the cognitive level, giving rise to the clinical symptoms.
In favor of an ecological account of color
Authors: Huettel Scott , Polger Thomas , Riley Michael 
Published: October 2003

AbstractByrne & Hilbert understate the difficulties facing their version of color realism. We doubt that they can fix reflectance types and magnitudes in a way that does not invoke relations to perceivers. B&H's account, therefore, resembles the dispositional or ecological accounts that they dismiss. This is a good thing, for a dispositional account is promising if understood in an ecological framework.
Color nominalism, pluralistic realism, and color science
Authors: Matthen Mohan 
Published: October 2003

AbstractByrne & Hilbert are right that it might be an objective fact that a particular tomato is unique red, but wrong that it cannot simultaneously be yellowish-red (not only objectively, but from somebody else's point of view). Sensory categorization varies among organisms, slightly among conspecifics, and sharply across taxa. There is no question of truth or falsity concerning choice of categories, only of utility and disutility. The appropriate framework for color categories is Nominalism and Pluralistic Realism.
An account of color without a subject?
Authors: Myin Erik 
Published: October 2003

AbstractWhile color realism is endorsed, Byrne & Hilbert's (B&H's) case for it stretches the notion of “physical property” beyond acceptable bounds. It is argued that a satisfactory account of color should do much more to respond to antirealist intuitions that flow from the specificity of color experience, and a pointer to an approach that does so is provided.
Application of support vector machines for T-cell epitopes prediction
Authors: Zhao Yingdong , Pinilla Clemencia , Valmori Danila , Martin Roland , Simon Richard 
Published: October 2003

Abstract
Motivation: The T-cell receptor, a major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecule, and a bound antigenic peptide, play major roles in the process of antigen-specific T-cell activation. T-cell recognition was long considered exquisitely specific. Recent data also indicate that it is highly flexible, and one receptor may recognize thousands of different peptides. Deciphering the patterns of peptides that elicit a MHC restricted T-cell response is critical for vaccine development.
Results: For the first time we develop a support vector machine (SVM) for T-cell epitope prediction with an MHC type I restricted T-cell clone. Using cross-validation, we demonstrate that SVMs can be trained on relatively small data sets to provide prediction more accurate than those based on previously published methods or on MHC binding.
Supplementary information: Data for 203 synthesized peptides is available at http://linus.nci.nih.gov/Data/LAU203_Peptide.pdf
Recognizing translation initiation sites of eukaryotic genes based on the cooperatively scanning model
Authors: Wang Yonghong , Liu Jinwei , Zhao Tongju , Ji Qing 
Published: October 2003

Abstract
Motivation: Translation initiation sites (TISs) of genes are the key points of protein synthesis. Exact recognition of TISs in eukaryotic genes is one of the most important tasks in gene-finding algorithms. However, the task has not been satisfactorily fulfilled up to the present. Here, we propose a cooperatively scanning model for recognizing TISs and the first exons of eukaryotic genes on the basis of the structural characteristics of multi-exon genes.
Results: The model was employed to cooperatively scan the TISs and 3′ splicing sites in eukaryotic genes, and the TISs and the first exons of 132 mammalian gene sequences are identified to evaluate the model. Accuracy of exactly recognizing the TISs and the first exons has been found to amount respectively to 64.4 and 51.5%. We believe that the model will be a useful tool for genome annotation and that it can be easily incorporated into other algorithms to achieve higher accuracy in recognizing TISs and the first exons.
Availability: The program is available upon request.
Analysing gene expressions with GRANK
Authors: de Boer W.P.H. , Oudejans J.J. , Meijer C.J.L.M. , Lankelma J. 
Published: October 2003

Abstract
Summary: Unravelling overlapping clusters of functionally linked genes is a major challenge to current clustering programs. Algorithm GRANK permits systematic study of overlap between clusters of genes of a similar expression profile and large variation across a series of microarrays.
Availability: GRANK is freely available from http://www.bio.vu.nl/microb/research/tumor.html provided one adheres to the end-user license agreement in the associated manual.
Supplementary information: Above website also supplies the in- and output files used in the example run.
A comprehensive set of protein complexes in yeast: mining large scale protein–protein interaction screens
Authors: Krause Roland , von Mering Christian , Bork Peer 
Published: October 2003

Abstract
Motivation: The analysis of protein–protein interactions allows for detailed exploration of the cellular machinery. The biochemical purification of protein complexes followed by identification of components by mass spectrometry is currently the method, which delivers the most reliable information—albeit that the data sets are still difficult to interpret.
Consolidating individual experiments into protein complexes, especially for high-throughput screens, is complicated by many contaminants, the occurrence of proteins in otherwise dissimilar purifications due to functional re-use and technical limitations in the detection. A non-redundant collection of protein complexes from experimental data would be useful for biological interpretation, but manual assembly is tedious and often inconsistent.
Results: Here, we introduce a measure to define similarity within collections of purifications and generate a set of minimally redundant, comprehensive complexes using unsupervised clustering.
Availability: Programs and results are freely available from http://www.bork.embl-heidelberg.de/Docu/purclust/
Preoperative Instrumented Evaluation of Anterior and Posterior Laxity of the Knee Joint
Authors: Hsu Robert Wen-Wei , Yu Su-Ying 
Published: October 2003

In order to justify the diagnostic criteria for the cruciate ligament injury of the knee joint, a series of 44 Chinese patients were enrolled for retrospective analysis. There were 15 anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and 29 posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) injuries. In addition, 80 normal volunteer subjects were recruited for the control group. Preoperatively, all the patients underwent the KT-1000 and Genucom analyses (except for 6 PCL patients without the Genucom test) of the injured and uninjured knees. Similarly, all the control subjects underwent the same assessments. In the ACL deficient group, the between-knee displacement difference in the anterior drawer test at knee flexion of 30° was 5.2 ± 3.9 mm with KT 1000, and 3.5 ± 2.1 mm with Genucom. The between knee difference of quadriceps active displacement and manual maximum displacement in KT-1000 were 4.4 ± 3.3 mm and 4.8 ± 2.3 mm, respectively. In the PCL deficient group, the between-knee displacement difference via posterior drawer test at knee flexion of 70° was 8.2 ± 3.9 mm with KT-1000, while with Genucom at knee flexion of 90°, the displacement difference was 4.6 ± 4.8 mm. Meanwhile, the quadriceps active displacement in KT-1000 was 4.9 ± 2.2 mm at knee flexion of 90°. All of the ACL deficient patients exhibited a more than 2 mm between knee difference in the manual maximum test. Among the PCL deficient knees, 97% of them in the corrected posterior drawer test and 89% in the quadriceps active displacement, exhibited a greater than 3 mm between knee difference. A significant side-to-side difference existed between the injured patient and control normal subjects (p < 0.001). The findings indicated that the between-knee difference of more than 3 mm in the corrected posterior drawer test is highly suggestive of a PCL injury; while a 2 mm in manual maximum displacement implied the existence of ACL insufficiency. These results could be useful in substantiating the clinical screening judgement of cruciate ligamentous injury of knee joints, in addition to the history and physical examinations.
Bird brains and songs: neural mechanisms of birdsong perception and memory
Authors: Bolhuis Johan , Eda-Fujiwara Hiroko 
Published: October 2003

Abstract
The males of songbirds and parrots learn their songs from a tutor. Until recently it was thought that in songbirds, brain nuclei in the so-called 'song system' were involved in song learning, in addition to their role in song perception and production. Experiments involving measurement of the expression of immediate early genes (IEG) showed that exposure to song leads to activation of cells in brain regions outside the song system, notably the caudomedial neostriatum (NCM) and the caudomedial hyperstriatum ventrale (CMHV), suggesting that these regions are involved in auditory perception. In addition, neuronal activation in the NCM correlates with the number of song elements that a male has learned from its tutor, suggesting that NCM may be (part of) the neural substrate for stored tutor song. Songbird females do not usually sing, but nevertheless they can learn the characteristics of tutor song, and they can develop a perceptual preference for tutor song over novel song. When exposed to male song, female songbirds and parrots show increased IEG expression in NCM and CMHV that is related to song complexity. In addition, the IEG response in the NCM (and perhaps in the CMHV) of female songbirds may also be related to song learning.
Does Timing of Adjuvant Chemotherapy for Early Breast Cancer Influence Survival?
Authors: Shannon C. , Ashley S. , Smith I.E. 
Published: October 2003

Purpose: Theoretically, patients with early breast cancer might benefit from starting adjuvant chemotherapy soon after surgery, and this would have important clinical implications. We have addressed this question from a large, single-center database in which the majority of patients received anthracyclines. Patients and Methods: A total of 1,161 patients from a prospectively maintained database treated with adjuvant chemotherapy for early breast cancer at the Royal Marsden Hospital (London, United Kingdom), including 686 (59%) receiving anthracyclines, were retrospectively analyzed. The disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) of the 368 patients starting chemotherapy within 21 days of surgery (group A) were compared with those of the 793 patients commencing chemotherapy ≥ 21 days after surgery (group B). Median follow-up time was 39 months (range, 12 to 147 months). Results: No significant difference in 5-year DFS was found between the two groups overall (70% for group A v 72% for group B; P = .4) or in any subgroup. Likewise, there was no difference in 5-year OS (82% for group A v 84% for group B; P = .2) or when the interval to the start of chemotherapy was considered as a continuous variable (P = .4). Conclusion: We have been unable to identify any significant survival benefit from starting adjuvant chemotherapy early after surgery, either overall or in any subset of patients.
Neural images of pursuit targets in the photoreceptor arrays of male and female housefliesMusca domestica
Authors: Burton Brian G. , Laughlin Simon B. 
Published: October 2003

SUMMARYMale houseflies use a sex-specific frontal eye region, the lovespot, to detect and pursue mates. We recorded the electrical responses of photoreceptors to optical stimuli that simulate the signals received by a male or female photoreceptor as a conspecific passes through its field of view. We analysed the ability of male and female frontal photoreceptors to code conspecifics over the range of speeds and distances encountered during pursuit, and reconstructed the neural images of these targets in photoreceptor arrays. A male's lovespot photoreceptor detects a conspecific at twice the distance of a female photoreceptor, largely through better optics. This detection distance greatly exceeds those reported in previous behavioural studies. Lovespot photoreceptors respond more strongly than female photoreceptors to targets tracked during pursuit, with amplitudes reaching 25 mV. The male photoreceptor also has a faster response, exhibits a unique preference for stimuli of 20-30 ms duration that selects for conspecifics and deblurs moving images with response transients. White-noise analysis substantially underestimates these improvements. We conclude that in the lovespot, both optics and phototransduction are specialised to enhance and deblur the neural images of moving targets, and propose that analogous mechanisms may sharpen the neural image still further as it is transferred to visual interneurones.
Adaptations to diving hypoxia in the heart, kidneys and splanchnic organs of harbor seals (Phoca vitulina)
Authors: Fuson Amanda L. , Cowan Daniel F. , Kanatous Shane B. , Polasek Lori K. , Davis Randall W. 
Published: October 2003

SUMMARY
Pinnipeds (seals and sea lions) have an elevated mitochondrial volume density [VV(mt)] and elevated citrate synthase (CS) andβ-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase (HOAD) activities in their swimming muscles to maintain an aerobic, fat-based metabolism during diving. The goal of this study was to determine whether the heart, kidneys and splanchnic organs have an elevated VV(mt) and CS and HOAD activities as parallel adaptations for sustaining aerobic metabolism and normal function during hypoxia in harbor seals (Phoca vitulina). Samples of heart,liver, kidney, stomach and small intestine were taken from 10 freshly killed harbor seals and fixed in glutaraldehyde for transmission electron microscopy or frozen in liquid nitrogen for enzymatic analysis. Samples from dogs and rats were used for comparison. Within the harbor seal, the liver and stomach had the highest VV(mt). The liver also had the highest CS activity. The kidneys and heart had the highest HOAD activities, and the liver and heart had the highest lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities. Mitochondrial volume densities scaled to tissue-specific resting metabolic rate [VV(mt)/RMR] in the heart, liver, kidneys, stomach and small intestine of harbor seals were elevated (range 1.2-6.6×) when compared with those in the dog and/or rat. In addition, HOAD activity scaled to tissue-specific RMR in the heart and liver of harbor seals was elevated compared with that in the dog and rat (3.2× and 6.2× in the heart and 8.5× and 5.5× in the liver, respectively). These data suggest that organs such as the liver, kidneys and stomach possess a heightened ability for aerobic, fat-based metabolism during hypoxia associated with routine diving. However, a heightened LDH activity in the heart and liver indicates an adaptation for the anaerobic production of ATP on dives that exceed the animal's aerobic dive limit. Hence, the heart, liver, kidneys and gastrointestinal organs of harbor seals exhibit adaptations that promote an aerobic, fat-based metabolism under hypoxic conditions but can provide ATP anaerobically if required.
Sum rules and exact relations for quantal Coulomb systems
Authors: Adamyan V.M. , Tkachenko I.M. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractA complex response function describing a reaction of a multi‐particle system to a weak alternating external field is the boundary value of a Nevanlinna class function (i.e. a holomorphic function with non‐negative imaginary part in the upper half‐plane). Attempts of direct calculations of response functions based on standard approximations of the kinetic theory for real Coulomb condensed systems often result in considerable discrepancies with experiments and computer simulations. At the same time a relatively simple approach using only the exact values of leading asymptotic terms of the response function permits to restrict essentially a subset of Nevanlinna class functions containing this response function, and in this way to obtain sufficient data to explain and predict experimental results. Mathematical details of this approach are demonstrated on an example with the response function being the (external) dynamic electrical conductivity of cold dense hydrogen‐like plasmas. In particular, the exact values of the leading terms of asymptotic expansions of the conductivity are calculated. (© 2003 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
How correct is the EOS of weakly nonideal hydrogen plasmas?
Authors: Starostin A.N. , Roerich V.C. , More R.M. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractHelioseismology opens new possibility to check EOS of weakly nonideal hydrogen plasmas with high precision, using reconstructed local sound velocities within 10‐4 accuracy. A comparison of different theoretical models with experiment permits to verify the existing methods of calculation bound states and continuum contribution to the second virial coefficient within the framework of physical nature. The regular way of the deduction expression for EOS is presented and generalization of the EOS for broad atomic states and two temperature non‐equilibrium case is proposed. (© 2003 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)