bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Self-Expression, ‘Asian Values’, and Democracy: East Asia in Global Perspective
Authors: Wang Zhengxu , Tan Ern-Ser 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The emergence of a socially and politically active public has been a major factor contributing to democratization across the globe. In various societies, we are observing a public increasingly more oriented toward secular–rational and self-expression values. This process of value change is itself an outcome of modernization, a process set in motion by economic growth, urbanization, and development in information technology and mass communications. Modernization scholars, such as Inglehart and Welzel (see Chapter 2), argue that the rapid economic gains experienced by the past generations globally have predictable consequences for political modernization and democratization across a broad range of countries, including those in East Asia.
Civil Society, Social Capital, and Democracy1
Authors: Dalton Russell J 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Many researchers hold that a vibrant civil society is integral for the democratic development of a nation (Diamond 1994; Linz and Stepan 1996; Inkeles 2000; Edwards, Foley, and Diani 2001). Participation in autonomous social groups supposedly produces the interpersonal skills and resources that benefit democratic participation, encourage tolerance and trust in others, broaden world perspectives, and provide practice in deliberation and decision-making. These citizen-building benefits seemingly create the ‘social capital’ that supports democratic politics. Thus, the democratic transition literature on Eastern Europe maintains that civil society is a stimulus for regime change and a foundation for consolidating democracy in post- communist nations (Rueschemeyer, Rueschemeyer, and Wittrock 1998; Howard 2003).
‘The Mobiles Are Out and the Hoods Are Up’
Authors: Bhatti Adrian 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This chapter explores the relationship between policing and the communities around us. It is based on ‘gnosis’, a form of experience as learning rather than taught knowledge and seeks to demonstrate what is meant by consilience and its practical application to the ‘seven C’s’ which Thames Valley Police have identified as being at the very core of assessing the significance of events on communities and their structures. The title of this paper encourages the reader to acknowledge the different component parts of an event and how an integrated map of thinking will inform our opinion that ‘something’ is about to happen. The component parts of the assessment can be defined as the ‘seven C’s’.
Europol and the Understanding of Intelligence
Authors: Kleiven Maren Eline , Harfield Clive 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Historically, intelligence has often played a peripheral role in approaches to policing, being something that added to the investigative picture (Ratcliffe, 2004b; Kleiven, 2007) or supported the operations (Nicholl, 2004: 55) rather than informing policing strategy and style. Expert advocates have long argued that intelligence is the key to success in policing (Grieve, 2004), but only recently has intelligence enjoyed strategic pre-eminence. The 1990s saw the emergence of intelligence-led policing, with resources reassigned from investigation to intelligence gathering and processing. The implementation of intelligence-led policing has not been without problems. Many police organizations have lacked an inherent intelligence-focused culture. Definitions of intelligence have been problematic, with consequential confusion about function and purpose, about the necessary knowledge required of the intelligence generators and users, about different sources of intelligence and the operational implications thereof, and the purposes for gathering and using intelligence (Kleiven, 2007).
Knowledge Management and the Effective Working of Crime and
Disorder Reduction Partnerships
Authors: Kelly Catherine 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The management and structuring of the police services has experienced much change in recent years, in an effort to create services which meet the needs of a rapidly changing society. This is at a time when, as Crawford (2006) discusses, there is an increasingly contested debate in the UK focusing on the effective regulation of conduct and the politics of behaviour.
Increasing Levels of Positive End-expiratory Pressure Cause Stepwise Biventricular Stroke Work Reduction in a Porcine Model
Authors: Wood Gregory , Madsen Tobias Lynge , Kim Won Yong , Lyhne Mads Dam 
Published: October 2023

Background
Positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) is commonly applied to avoid atelectasis and improve oxygenation in patients during general anesthesia but affects cardiac pressures, volumes, and loading conditions through cardiorespiratory interactions. PEEP may therefore alter stroke work, which is the area enclosed by the pressure-volume loop and corresponds to the external work performed by the ventricles to eject blood. The low-pressure right ventricle may be even more susceptible to PEEP than the left ventricle. The authors hypothesized that increasing levels of PEEP would reduce stroke work in both ventricles.

Methods
This was a prospective, observational, experimental study. Six healthy female pigs of approximately 60 kg were used. PEEP was stepwise increased from 0 to 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, and 20 cm H2O to cover the clinical spectrum of PEEP. Simultaneous, biventricular invasive pressure-volume loops, invasive blood pressures, and ventilator data were recorded.

Results
Increasing PEEP resulted in stepwise reductions in left (5,740 ± 973 vs. 2,303 ± 1,154 mmHg · ml; P < 0.001) and right (2,064 ± 769 vs. 468 ± 133 mmHg · ml; P < 0.001) ventricular stroke work. The relative stroke work reduction was similar between the two ventricles. Left ventricular ejection fraction, afterload, and coupling were preserved. On the contrary, PEEP increased right ventricular afterload and caused right ventriculo-arterial uncoupling (0.74 ± 0.30 vs. 0.19 ± 0.13; P = 0.01) with right ventricular ejection fraction reduction (64 ± 8% vs. 37 ± 7%, P < 0.001).

Conclusions
A stepwise increase in PEEP caused stepwise reduction in biventricular stroke work. However, there are important interventricular differences in response to increased PEEP levels. PEEP increased right ventricular afterload leading to uncoupling and right ventricular ejection fraction decline. These findings may support clinical decision-making to further optimize PEEP as a means to balance between improving lung ventilation and preserving right ventricular function.

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A deep learning–based system for mediastinum station localization in linear EUS (with video)
Authors: Yao Liwen , Zhang Chenxia , Xu Bo , Yi Shanshan , Li Juan , Ding Xiangwu , Yu Honggang 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT

Background and Objectives
EUS is a crucial diagnostic and therapeutic method for many anatomical regions, especially in the evaluation of mediastinal diseases and related pathologies. Rapidly finding the standard stations is the key to achieving efficient and complete mediastinal EUS imaging. However, it requires substantial technical skills and extensive knowledge of mediastinal anatomy. We constructed a system, named EUS-MPS (EUS–mediastinal position system), for real-time mediastinal EUS station recognition.

Methods
The standard scanning of mediastinum EUS was divided into 7 stations. There were 33 010 images in mediastinum EUS examination collected to construct a station classification model. Then, we used 151 videos clips for video validation and used 1212 EUS images from 2 other hospitals for external validation. An independent data set containing 230 EUS images was applied for the man-machine contest. We conducted a crossover study to evaluate the effectiveness of this system in reducing the difficulty of mediastinal ultrasound image interpretation.

Results
For station classification, the model achieved an accuracy of 90.49% in image validation and 83.80% in video validation. At external validation, the models achieved 89.85% accuracy. In the man-machine contest, the model achieved an accuracy of 84.78%, which was comparable to that of expert (83.91%). The accuracy of the trainees' station recognition was significantly improved in the crossover study, with an increase of 13.26% (95% confidence interval, 11.04%–15.48%; P < 0.05).

Conclusions
This deep learning–based system shows great performance in mediastinum station localization, having the potential to play an important role in shortening the learning curve and establishing standard mediastinal scanning in the future.
Vulvar Ulcers: An Algorithm to Assist With Diagnosis and Treatment
Authors: Saunders Natalie A. , Welch Kathryn C. , Haefner Hope K. , Rasmussen Cindy , Margesson Lynne 
Published: October 2023

Objectives
Vulvar ulcers can be challenging to diagnose, manage, and treat. Ulcers can be nonspecific in appearance and have many etiologies. Description of the lesion is very important.

Methods
An interactive vulvar ulcer algorithm was created to aid in the evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment of vulvar ulcers

Results
The algorithm flowchart begins with careful history and physical examination. Pending these, specific tests can be obtained to aid in diagnosis. The algorithm also links to appropriate treatments. The algorithm can be accessed on the International Society for the Study of Vulvovaginal Disease Web site (issvd.org). Each underlined word in the algorithm is a hyperlink that leads to a wealth of information on the topic that providers can use to direct testing and aid in diagnosis and treatment.

Conclusions
The vulvar ulcer algorithm can help clinicians with diagnosis and treatment plans.
The International Society for the Study of Vulvovaginal Disease (ISSVD) Vulvar Awareness Day Campaign: Knowledge of Vulvovaginal Diseases Among Italian Obstetrics and Gynecology Residents
Authors: Bevilacqua Federica , Selk Amanda , Stockdale Colleen , Vieira-Baptista Pedro , Adedipe Tolu , Bohl Tanja , Marozio Luca , Borella Fulvio , Gallio Niccolò , Pollano Benedetta , Robba Eleonora , Barbierato Ilaria , Benedetto Chiara , Preti Mario 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Objectives
The objective of this study is to investigate vulvovaginal disease (VVD) awareness in Italian obstetrics and gynecology (Ob/Gyn) residents.

Materials and Methods
A 25-question survey on VVD basic knowledge (17 questions) and willingness to improve it (8 questions) was distributed through Ob/Gyn resident online group chats, from different Italian Universities in January 2023. A total number of 250 residents were invited to participate; 124 responses were obtained (response rate: 50%). Data were collected and analyzed using descriptive statistics through REDCap.

Results
Overall, 87 of the 124 respondents (70%) fully completed the questionnaire and represented the study group. Residents were distributed among years of residency: 15% first year, 31% second year, 23% third year, 11% fourth year, and 20% fifth year. Most (60%) never attended a VVD clinic during residency, with an increasing percentage of attendance in later residency years (15% at first year vs 65% at fifth).
Participants reported low knowledge of vulvar precancerous lesions and vulvoscopy but better knowledge of vaginitis, vulvar self-examination, and lichen sclerosus. Of the respondents, 50% were not satisfied with the education provided during residency, and more than 60% lacked confidence in managing VVD.
All participants expressed a strong desire to improve their knowledge and skills, with 100% agreeing that every gynecologist should know the “basics” and 98% wanting to improve their knowledge through webinars (45%), lessons (34%), newsletters, and videos (19%).

Conclusion
Our findings indicate a significant need to improve VVD knowledge among Italian Ob/Gyn residents. Further efforts are necessary to provide information about VVD and comprehensive training programs in Italian Universities.
Adenomyomatosis of the Gallbladder as a Cause of Abdominal Pain in Pediatrics: A Case Report of an Adolescent and a Literature Review
Authors: Almasoud Abdullah , Alvarez Fernando , Deslandres Colette 
Published: October 2023

Objectives:
Adenomyomatosis (ADM) of the gallbladder is a benign condition, which is characterized by mucosal hyperplasia of the gallbladder and formation of intramucosal invagination through the thickened mucosal layer. The pathogenesis is unclear. This condition is rare in children. The aim of this publication is to present the case of a teenager with ADM of the gallbladder and review the pediatric literature on this topic.

Methods:
A 17-year-old female presented with severe postprandial right upper quadrant abdominal pains. The abdominal ultrasound revealed ADM of the gallbladder.

Results:
A curative laparoscopic cholecystectomy was performed. Since 1998, eleven of the 13 pediatrics cases reported with ADM of the gallbladder were symptomatic and a cholecystectomy was curative in all of them.

Conclusion:
ADM of the gallbladder should be considered in the differential diagnosis of recurrent right abdominal upper quadrant pains in pediatrics. Abdominal ultrasound is the best diagnostic procedure. In symptomatic patients, a cholecystectomy is curative.
Incidence of altered level of consciousness in hemorrhagic stroke survivors: associated factors from a Korean nationwide study
Authors: Ko Nayeon , Lee Hyun Haeng , Sohn Min Kyun , Kim Deog Young , Shin Yong-Il , Oh Gyung-Jae , Lee Yang-Soo , Joo Min Cheol , Lee So Young , Song Min-Keun , Han Junhee , Ahn Jeonghoon , Chang Won Hyuk , Lee Jongmin , Kim Yun-Hee 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Objective
This study aimed to demonstrate the incidence of altered level of consciousness (ALOC) after hemorrhagic stroke and identify factors associated with ALOC at 3 months post-stroke.

Design
This study used data from a prospective multicenter cohort study conducted in nine hospitals in Korea, and included 1,677 patients with first-ever hemorrhagic stroke. Patients were dichotomized into those with and without ALOC at 3 months post-stroke. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with subacute to chronic stage ALOC.

Results
Among patients with hemorrhagic stroke (age: 20–99 years, female 50.21%), the prevalence of ALOC at admission was 38.58% (25.4% [drowsy], 6.38% [stupor], and 6.8% [coma]) and 17.29% 3 months post-stroke. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that independent factors associated with ALOC at 3 months post-stroke included late seizure (odds ratio [95% confidence interval]: 5.93 [1.78–20.00]), stroke progression (3.84 [1.48–9.64]), craniectomy (2.19 [1.19–4.00]), history of complications (1.74 [1.18–2.55]), age at stroke onset (1.08 [1.07–1.10]), and initial GCS score category (0.36 [0.30–0.44]).

Conclusion
The factors associated with ALOC at 3 months post-stroke should be considered when explaining long-term consciousness status and focused management of modifiable factors in acute care hospitals could help ameliorate ALOC and promote recovery after stroke.
Surgical Occlusion Setup and Skeletal Stability of Correcting Cleft-Associated Class III Deformity Using Surgery-First Bimaxillary Surgery
Authors: Liao Yu-Fang , Lu Ting-Chen , Chang Chun-Shin , Chen Ying-An , Chen Yun-Fang , Chen Yu-Ray 
Published: October 2023

Background:
This study aimed to assess the 3-dimensional quantitative characteristics of the surgical occlusion setup in surgery-first cleft orthognathic surgery, and to evaluate its influence on postsurgical skeletal stability.

Methods:
This prospective study was composed of 35 patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate and class III deformity who consecutively underwent 2-jaw surgery with the surgery-first approach. Digitized dental models were analyzed to quantify the 3-dimensional characteristics of the final surgical occlusion setup. Cone-beam computed tomography was used to measure the 3-dimensional surgical skeletal movement and postsurgical skeletal stability. The correlation between skeletal stability and surgical occlusal contact or surgical skeletal movement was also evaluated.

Results:
Patients treated with the surgical occlusion setup had a large incisor overjet and positive overbite, as well as buccal cross-bite and open bite on second molars. Occlusal contact on 3 segments was present in 51.4% of the patients, and the average number for tooth contact was 4.3 teeth. No correlation was found between maxillary or mandibular stability and surgical occlusal contact. However, a significant correlation was found between maxillary and mandibular stability and the surgical skeletal movement.

Conclusions:
The surgical occlusion for correction of cleft-associated class III deformity using the surgery-first approach was characterized by large overjet and positive overbite, along with posterior cross-bite and open bite. On average, there was occlusal contact on 4 to 5 teeth; half of surgical occlusion setups had contact on 3 segments. The postsurgical skeletal stability was related not to the surgical occlusal contact but to the surgical skeletal movement.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Therapeutic, III.
Characterization and Risk Factors of Folliculitis after Hair Transplantation: A Multicenter Retrospective Study
Authors: Zhou Yi , Zhang Jiaxian , Yi Yanhua , Xie Xiang , Lei Rui , Fan Zhexiang , Sun Pingping , Hu Zhiqi , Qu Qian , Miao Yong 
Published: October 2023

Background:
Postoperative folliculitis is a common complication of hair transplantation (HT) requiring effective preventive interventions. This study characterized postoperative folliculitis and determined risk factors in patients undergoing HT.

Methods:
The authors retrospectively reviewed 1317 patients who underwent HT and completed 9-month follow-up between January of 2018 and June of 2021 at 4 medical centers. The incidence of postoperative folliculitis and demographic characteristics were assessed. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify risk factors, and the characteristics of different types of folliculitis were compared.

Results:
The overall incidence of postoperative folliculitis was 12.11%, and clinical characteristics varied among the different types of folliculitis. Surgery in summer (OR, 1.772 [95% CI, 1.05 to 2.992]), number of transplant grafts 4000 or greater (OR, 4.818 [95% CI, 1.45 to 16.014]), transplant density greater than 45 grafts/cm2 (OR, 2.152 [95% CI, 1.376 to 3.367]), and first nursing time greater than 3 days (OR, 1.555 [95% CI, 1.088 to 2.223]) were the main risk factors for postoperative folliculitis.

Conclusions:
Postoperative folliculitis after HT presents different characteristics. Surgical factors and postoperative nursing care were demonstrated to be related to folliculitis. The authors propose a preventive folliculitis model based on preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative factors.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Risk, III.
The Donut DIEP Flap: A Novel Scarless Technique
Authors: Jwa Seung Jun , Choi Jae Hyeok , Lee Seung Jun , Yang Eun Jung , Song Seung Yong , Lew Dae Hyun , Lee Dong Won 
Published: October 2023

Summary:
Deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flap surgery is a common technique for breast reconstruction. However, the long and noticeable abdominal scar is one of its greatest disadvantages. Here, the authors suggest a minimal scarring DIEP flap harvest with a novel abdominal design. The key to this method is to preserve more skin tissue with a circular design centered around the navel. Three circular incisions are made: (1) the smallest circle represents an incision around the umbilicus; (2) the middle circle with a radius of less than 3.5 cm indicates another skin incision because the donut-like skin paddle between the small and middle circles is included in the flap; and (3) the largest circle with a radius of greater than 10 cm represents the extent of flap dissection that was performed diagonally from the skin toward the Scarpa fascia. Pedicle dissection proceeds with the conventional method. For closure, a purse-string suture is performed with the umbilicus at its center, leaving only a single small circular scar around the umbilicus as the final scar. Closure of the donor-site is possible with the patient in a supine or slightly flexed position because of less skin excision.
Life expectancy of people with HIV on antiretroviral therapy in Spain
Authors: Jarrín Inma , Rava Marta , Del Romero Raposo Jorge , Rivero Antonio , Del Romero Guerrero Jorge , De Lagarde María , Martínez Sanz Javier , Navarro Gemma , Dalmau David , Blanco José Ramón , Koerting Ana , Gomez Castell Javier , Del Amo Julia ,   CoRIS∗
Published: October 2023

Objective:
To estimate life expectancy of people with HIV (PWH) and describe causes of death.

Design:
Antiretroviral therapy (ART)-naive adults from the CoRIS cohort starting ART in 2004–2019.

Methods:
We calculated life expectancy at age 40 for men and women according to their ART initiation period, and stratified by transmission category, CD4+ cell count and AIDS diagnosis. We estimated life expectancy in 10-year age bands using life tables constructed from mortality rates, estimated through Poisson models.

Results:
Life expectancy increased from 65.8 [95% confidence interval (CI) 65.0–66.6] in 2004–2008 to 72.9 (72.2–73.7) in 2014–2019 in men [general population comparators (GPC): 79.1 and 81.2 years, respectively] and from 65.8 (65.0–66.6) to 72.5 (71.8–73.3) in women (GPC: 84.9 and 86.4, respectively). Non-AIDS-related deaths accounted for 68% of deaths among men and 78% among women. Life expectancy was longer when starting ART with higher CD4+ cell counts and without AIDS. For men acquiring HIV through sex with men, starting ART in 2014–2019 without AIDS, life expectancy was 75.0 (74.2–75.7) with CD4+ cell count less than 200 cells/μl, rising to 78.1 (77.5–78.8) with CD4+ cell count at least 350 cells/μl. Corresponding figures were 70.1 (69.4–70.9) and 76.0 (75.3–76.7) for men acquiring HIV heterosexually (HTX) and 61.5 (60.7–62.3) and 69.0 (68.2–69.8) for those acquiring HIV through injection drug use (IDU). For women starting ART from 2014 without AIDS, life expectancy increased from 71.7 (71.0–72.4) to 77.3 (76.7–77.9) among HTX and from 63.7 (62.9–64.5) to 70.7 (70.0–71.5) among IDU.

Conclusion:
Our findings confirm the progressive improvement of life expectancy in PWH in Spain over the last decades, supporting the insurability of PWH on suppressive ART in our current setting and time.