bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cyclic genotyping strategies. II: True and perceived utilities under incorrect allele frequency assumptions
Authors: Macrossan P. E. , Kinghorn B. P. 
Published: September 2003

SummaryThis paper investigates the potential problems associated with assuming incorrect population frequencies for segregation analysis when animals are genotyped one by one in a cyclic fashion with segregation analysis carried out at each cycle. The base population allele frequencies of 0.1 and 0.5 studied, with the incorrect frequencies assumed for segregation analysis of 0.5 and 0.1 respectively, were investigated on the basis of their covering the range of possible frequencies and the most erroneous assumption of frequencies. An index modelled using linear regression (LR) was employed to choose the next animal to be genotyped in each cycle, based on segregation analysis at the incorrect frequency. The resultant utility was evaluated both at the correct frequency giving actual utility and at the incorrect frequency, the perceived utility. The results are compared with those in which all segregation analysis was carried out at the correct base population allele frequency. The assumption of incorrect population frequency for segregation analysis leads to a decline in the predictive performances of both indices in terms of the true utility of prediction. When utility is also computed at the incorrect frequency to give perceived utility, the assumption of incorrect population frequency of q = 0.5 for segregation analysis of populations simulated at q = 0.1 leads to a perceived decline in the predictive performance of the LR index. However, the assumption of incorrect population frequency of q = 0.1 for segregation analysis of populations simulated at q = 0.5 leads to a perceived increased utility. This latter paradox is explained in terms of genotype probabilities with reference to the method of construction of the genotype probability index.
Cyclic genotyping strategies. I: A comparison of ranking criteria
Authors: Macrossan P. E. , Kinghorn B. P. 
Published: September 2003

SummaryThis research compares three different indices for ranking animals for genotyping for a single biallelic locus. The indices were designed to predict which animal to genotype in each genotyping cycle in order to maximize the utility of the resulting information across the entire population. In each genotyping cycle, a single animal is genotyped, segregation analysis used to provide genotype probabilities for the loci of ungenotyped animals, and the index applied to determine which animal to genotype in the next cycle. The first index is based on a linear regression model combining seven herd and individual animal attributes, with the remaining two indices based on genotype probability index (GPI) and numerator relationship (CON). The linear model gives superior predictive performance, in terms of utility (herd average GPI) for the initial 5% of the population genotyped. After this point, the best index is (CON−GPI), which combines a high degree of relationship of the animal to all other live animals in the pedigree, with a low GPI.
Structural characterization of the porcine pyruvate carboxylase (PC) gene
Authors: Dávalos G. , Sànchez A. , Vidal O. , Noguera J. L. , Amills M. 
Published: September 2003

SummaryWe have characterized the near complete coding sequence of the pig pyruvate carboxylase (PC) gene in six individuals belonging to the Iberian, Large White and Piétrain breeds. The pig PC nucleotide sequence was 3.517 bp long and encoded one 1.171 amino acid protein displaying a remarkable level of amino acid identity (75–92%) with other vertebrate pyruvate carboxylase sequences. The pig PC mRNA was expressed in several tissues such as liver, backfat, abdominal fat, ovary, uterus and testicle. Sequence aligment allowed to identify one silent (C/T)837 polymorphism at exon 6 that was typed in a number of Piétrain, Landrace and Large White pigs by using a primer extension‐based approach. Allelic frequencies were 0.23 (Piétrain), 0.64 (Landrace) and 0.47 (Large White) for the C allele. Radiation hybrid mapping of the pig PC locus revealed that this gene maps to 2p17, near the SW2623 and the SW256 genetic markers.
Single nucleotide polymorphism genotyping of bovine milk protein genes using the tetra‐primer ARMS‐PCR
Authors: Rincón G. , Medrano J. F. 
Published: September 2003

SummaryWe demonstrate the use and optimization of the tetra‐primer amplification refractory mutation system‐polymerase chain reaction (tetra‐primer ARMS‐PCR) as an efficient technique to genotype single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of milk protein genes. The technique utilizes a set of four primers in a single PCR reaction tube without the need of post‐PCR manipulations to accomplish an efficient classification. The technique was successfully applied to genotype SNP in the bovine κ‐casein, β‐casein, αS1‐casein and α‐lactalbumin genes.
Mechanisms of release of ATP from vascular purinergic nerves
Authors: Chiba S. , Yang X.‐P. 
Published: September 2003

Summary 1 The vasoconstrictor response to periarterial nerve electrical stimulation (PNS) and neurotransmission by ATP are discussed and illustrated, using canine isolated and perfused splenic arterial preparations. 2 The conditions for appearance of dominant purinergic constrictor response to PNS are discussed. 3 Modulation of the purinergic vasoconstrictor responses to PNS by several kinds of presynaptic receptor agonists and antagonists is reviewed. 4 Influences of purinergic responses to PNS by guanethidine, reserpine, tetrodotoxin (TTX) or ω‐conotoxin GVIA (ωCTX) are also reviewed. 5 Effects of imipramine and removal of the endothelium are discussed. 6 Evidence is presented for selective inhibition of purinergic responses to PNS by an adequate cold storage of the vessel. 7 The roles of ATP released by PNS in isolated canine splenic arteries are proposed.
Effects of in vivo treatment with interleukins 1β and 6 on rat mesenteric vascular bed reactivity
Authors: De Salvatore G. , De Salvia M. A. , Piepoli A. L. , Natale L. , Porro C. , Nacci C. , Mitolo C. I. , Mitolo‐Chieppa D. 
Published: September 2003

Summary 1 Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a condition that involves proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukins 1β and 6 (ILs). In this disease, it has been shown that an abnormal microcirculatory system is implicated. 2 Therefore, the effects of in vivo treatment for three days with interleukins 1β and 6 were investigated on rat isolated mesenteric vascular bed (MVB). 3 A significant concentration‐dependent increase in vascular response to noradrenaline (NA) was found, with a significant difference in Emax between control (93.01 ± 16.78 mmHg) and treated preparations (137.91 ± 5.20 mmHg). Endothelin‐1(ET‐1) induced a significantly greater increase of perfusion pressure in treated rats in comparison with control rats at the highest concentration used (0.1 μm). 4 The concentration‐dependent decrease of perfusion pressure induced by acetylcholine (ACh) in MVB precontracted with NA was significantly reduced in specimens from treated rats in comparison with control rats, with a significant difference in Emax between control and treated preparations. 5 Perivascular nerve stimulation (PNS) evoked contractions with no difference between treatments. Similarly, no difference in relaxant effect was found after PNS in specimens precontracted with NA, in the presence of guanethidine. 6 These findings indicate that the precocious inflammation acts only at postsynaptic level, facilitating vascular contraction. These data seem to support the hypothesis that vascular dysfunction caused by overproduction of ILs may contribute, among other immunological factors, to vasculitis in IBD that leads to intestinal ischaemia through vasoconstriction.
Some Things in Moderation: A Case Study of Internal Audit
Authors: Berry A.J. , Gray I. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractThe development of a system of moderation of assessment procedures in a new University is examined in this case study. Internal and external moderation are equated with internal and external audit and the relationship between the audit of content and the audit of procedures (Power, 1994) is examined in the light of differing modes of accountability (Sinclair, 1995).
The Internal Control Explosion
Authors: Maijoor Steven 
Published: September 2003

AbstractThe central theme in Power's 1997 book on the audit society is the proliferation of audit activity within the United Kingdom (UK) and North America. The most important joint development with the audit explosion is the rise of internal control systems. Auditing has shifted from auditing outcomes to auditing systems, and internal controls have become the subject of public policy debates on the regulation of corporate governance and the regulation of auditing. Power states that there is much confusion in practice about what (effective) internal controls actually are. This paper makes a similar argument with respect to internal control research. Internal controls are studied in various areas of accounting research, covering very different concepts, and studying controls at different organizational levels. As a result, the cross‐fertilization between the various types of internal control research is limited. Also, most internal control research in accounting is not conducted within the context of wider corporate governance issues. Hence, many claims about the value of internal control systems for corporate governance still need to be studied.
Auditor Opinion Shopping and the Audit Committee: An Analysis of Suspicious Auditor Switches
Authors: Archambeault Deborah , DeZoort F. Todd 
Published: September 2003

This study examines whether audit committee effectiveness characteristics are related to suspicious auditor switching. Using the agency and audit committee literature, we hypothesize that audit committee existence, the proportion of independent directors, member experience in accounting, auditing, and finance, number of committee meetings, and number of committee members should be inversely related to suspicious auditor switching.A sample of 60 matched U.S. firms was evaluated along the hypothesized dimensions after controlling for company size, industry, stock exchange, financial health, and management stock ownership. Collectively, univariate and logistic regression results provide support for our predictions. The findings indicate that suspicious switchers: (1) are less likely to have an audit committee, (2) have a smaller percentage of independent directors on the audit committee, (3) have fewer members with experience in accounting, auditing, or finance, (4) hold fewer audit committee meetings, and (5) have smaller audit committees than nonsuspicious switching companies. Exploratory analyses also reveal that audit committees for companies with suspicious switches had younger members, and fewer members with no stock ownership in the company served.
Indirect economic effects of new infrastructure: a comparison of Dutch high speed rail variants
Authors: Oosterhaven Jan , Romp Ward E. 
Published: September 2003

ABSTRACTNew transport infrastructure has a myriad of direct and indirect effects. The indirect effects on population and economic activity are most difficult to estimate. This paper introduces three different models to estimate the impacts of new infrastructure on labour supply and demand, and carefully explains how the interaction between the models and their outcomes should be handled. The methodology is applied to a possible magnetic levitation rail system from Schiphol across the Afsluitdijk to Groningen. Next, this benchmark is used to derive a qualitative assessment for alternative trajectories and slower type of new rail infrastructure, all across the Afsluitdijk. The paper concludes with a summary of the remarkable differences in outcomes with the official Maglev proposal that runs through the polders of the former Zuiderzee.
Issues for Management Thought and Research
Authors: Little Blair , Crawford C. Merle , Crisp John D. C. 
Published: September 2003

One of the tenets of the editors of The Journal of Product Innovation Management is the principle, probably first enunciated by social scientist Kurt Lewin, that there is nothing more practical than a good theory. That principle is one that draws together academics and practicing managers to the journal's task of advancing the management of product innovation. It is a principle that says to academics that their theories must meet the test of utility, and to managers that it can be useful to develop a theoretical perspective.Questions of practice and theory emerged in the first two issues of the journal when members of the Editorial Board presented a series of viewpoints on the issues they thought would be significant for the future of product innovation management. These were viewpoints that questioned our current practices and suggested
Beyond the Life Cycle: Organizational and Technological Design. I. An Alternative Perspective
Authors: DeBresson Chris , Lampel Joseph 
Published: September 2003

The life cycle model has become part of the everyday vocabulary of management and is used as a rough simplification of rather complex phenomena. Chris DeBresson and Joseph Lampel have undertaken a thorough re‐examination of the underlying assumptions of the model and propose a reformulation that they believe gives a better approximation of the dynamics of technological and organizational change. The basis for their reformulation is a survey of 4000 British and Canadian innovations in many industries over some 30 years.In a companion article immediately following this one, the authors illustrate their reformulation by a detailed analysis of one firm in one industry.
Fear of pregnancy and childbirth
Authors: Hofberg K , Ward M R 
Published: September 2003

AbstractPregnancy is a major life event for all women. However, when a psychiatric disorder is added to or exacerbated by the pregnancy then the problem requires expert knowledge from more than one area of medicine. This paper looks at pregnancy and the relationship with depression, eating disorders, and pathological fear of childbirth or tokophobia. It also examines the outcome for these women and their babies. Mental illness is a serious concern. It is now recognised that death from suicide is the leading cause of maternal death overall. Research in these areas is relatively sparse but an attempt is made to collate what is known.
Sarcoidosis and HIV infection: a case report and a review of the literature
Authors: Trevenzoli M , Cattelan A M , Marino F , Marchioro U , Cadrobbi P 
Published: September 2003

Abstract
Sarcoidosis occurring in patients with AIDS is rare. This infrequent association has been attributed to the impairment of the immune system that may interfere with the granuloma formation in HIV infected patients. However, the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has brought about a substantial and sustained increase in CD4+ T lymphocyte cells, and has consequently led to the development of the so called “immune restoration disease”.
The case of an HIV infected man who developed sarcoidosis after the initiation of HAART is described. Skin nodule images and histological specimens are reported. The association between sarcoidosis and HIV infection is also reviewed.
On the Moduli of a Quantized Elastica in ℙ and KdV Flows: Study of Hyperelliptic Curves as an Extension of Euler's Perspective of Elastica I
Authors: Matsutani Shigeki , Ônishi Yoshihiro 
Published: September 2003

Quantization needs evaluation of all of states of a quantized object rather than its stationary states with respect to its energy. In this paper, we have investigated moduli [Formula: see text] of a quantized elastica, a quantized loop with an energy functional associated with the Schwarz derivative, on a Riemann sphere ℙ. Then it is proved that its moduli space is decomposed to a set of equivalent classes determined by flows obeying the Korteweg-de Vries (KdV) hierarchy which conserve the energy. Since the flow obeying the KdV hierarchy has a natural topology, it induces topology in the moduli space [Formula: see text]. Using the topology, [Formula: see text] is classified. Studies on a loop space in the category of topological spaces Top are well-established and its cohomological properties are well-known. As the moduli space of a quantized elastica can be regarded as a loop space in the category of differential geometry DGeom, we also proved an existence of a functor between a triangle category related to a loop space in Top and that in DGeom using the induced topology. As Euler investigated the elliptic integrals and its moduli by observing a shape of classical elastica on [Formula: see text], this paper devotes relations between hyperelliptic curves and a quantized elastica on ℙ as an extension of Euler's perspective of elastica.
ADVERTISING GOD: NIGERIAN CHRISTIAN VIDEO-FILMS AND THE POWER OF CONSUMER CULTURE
Authors: Ukah Asonzeh 
Published: September 2003

AbstractPentecostalism in Nigeria is increasingly altering the way that those who are attracted in large numbers by its practices and resources perceive their relationship with local culture and material goods. One of the practices of Pentecostalism that has captured popular imagination is the production of Christian video-films. This paper discusses how these popular narratives negotiate both the local worldview and the cultural marketplace. It argues that the rhetoric of Pentecostalism as portrayed in locally produced video-films is implicated in changing consumer tastes and behaviour. Although this type of Pentecostalism speaks the language of traditional worldviews in terms of the emphasis on occultism, it is harnessed to a project of westernised system of commodity consumption.
Adsorption of Organic Compounds on to Bentonites Modified with Single or Dual Quaternary Ammonium Cations
Authors: Gönülşen R. , Yıldız N. , Çalımlı A. 
Published: September 2003

The adsorption of benzoic acid, hydroquinone and toluene on to bentonites modified with single or dual quaternary ammonium cations was studied. Thus, the mineral surface of the bentonite was modified by replacing the inorganic ions with four quaternary ammonium cations, i.e. tetramethylammonium (TMA), benzyltriethylammonium (BTEA), hexadecyltrimethylammonium (HDTMA) and octadecyltrimethylammonium (ODTMA). The inorganic cations on the bentonite were exchanged with the quaternary ammonium cations to the respective extent of ca. 35% TMA, 75% BTEA, 83% HDTMA, 90% ODTMA, 35% TMA/54% HDTMA, 35% TMA/58% ODTMA and 75% BTEA/12% HDTMA of the cation-exchange capacity (CEC) of the bentonite, resulting in a change in the surface properties from hydrophilic to organophilic. The experimental results obtained indicated that the adsorption affinity on dual-modified bentonites was generally lower than that on single-modified bentonites. It was concluded that this resulted from two different adsorption mechanisms and the competitive adsorption of binary solutes.
Adsorption of Pollutants from Aqueous Solutions Using Activated and Non-Activated Oak Shells: Parametric and Fractional Factorial Design Study. Part II. Removal of Phenol and Dyes
Authors: Al-Asheh Sameer , Banat Fawzi , Saeidi Rana , Zaid Salam Abu 
Published: September 2003

As in Part I, non-activated (natural) and chemically activated oak shells were evaluated for their ability to remove phenol and Methylene Blue (as a typical dye component) from aqueous solutions. Batch adsorption experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of contact time, sorbent concentration, phenol concentration and the pH of the solution on the sorption process. Activated oak shells adsorbed more phenol than natural oak shells under the same conditions. A decrease in sorbent concentration or an increase in phenol concentration or solution pH resulted in an increase in phenol uptake by the oak shells. The uptake of Methylene Blue increased with decreasing sorbent concentration and with an increase in the dye concentration, but decreased significantly with solution pH. According to the fractional factorial design technique, the sorbent type employed (natural or activated) had the most significant influence on phenol or Methylene Blue uptake followed by sorbent concentration and then sorbate concentration. Interaction amongst the different operating variables played an important role in the uptake of phenol or Methylene Blue dye by the adsorbent considered.
The Transverse Stresses in Thin-Walled Beams and its Effect on Strength and Stability
Authors: Tong Gengshu , Zhang Lei 
Published: September 2003

The transverse stresses are studied in thin-walled mono-symmetrical steel I beams. Equations are obtained to calculate these stresses in the three plates of the beam. The effect of these stresses on the beam strength has been analyzed. It is found that these transverse stresses in the flanges need to be considered carefully in strength checks at the supports and at the sections where concentrated loads act if the contact widths at the supports or at the loaded points are small. There are two theories available at present for the stability of thin-walled beams. One is traditional, the other is a more recently presented newer theory. They give quite different buckling moments for mono-symmetrical simply supported beams under transverse loads. This paper presents a newly formulated buckling theory of thin-walled beams based on the general variational principle for stability of solid structures and the plate buckling theory in which the effect of the transverse stresses on the beam stability has been included. This new theory confirmed the traditional formula of the critical moment, but not the more recently presented newer one. The buckling analysis using ANSYS confirmed also the new theory presented in this paper.
Selective processing of negative emotional information in children and adolescents with Generalized Anxiety Disorder
Authors: Taghavi Mohammad R. , Dalgleish Tim , Moradi Ali R. , Neshat‐Doost Hamid T. , Yule William 
Published: September 2003

Objectives: Research investigating attentional bias for emotional information using the modified Stroop task in younger anxious populations has produced equivocal results. The present data investigated the replicability in younger participants of the prototypical adult finding of Mathews and MacLeod (1985) with patients with Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD).Method: A sample of 19 child and adolescent patients with GAD and 19 controls completed the modified Stroop paradigm with threat, depression‐related, positive and neutral words.Results: The data revealed a selective Stroop interference effect for negative emotional information in the GAD patients, relative to the performance of the controls.Conclusions: The results provide evidence of a modified Stroop effect for negative emotional material in children and adolescents with GAD, suggesting that modified Stroop processing in younger generally anxious populations broadly mirrors the profile of results in adults.
Feigned intellectual deficits on the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale‐Revised
Authors: Johnstone Lorraine , Cooke David J. 
Published: September 2003

Objectives: To examine whether individuals instructed to fake intellectual impairment on the WAIS‐R employed common faking tactics and to assess the accuracy of detection of faking tactics employed.Method:Two groups of participants were instructed to fake ‘mental handicap’ on the WAIS‐R. The first group included incarcerated young offenders and the second group included postgraduate students and research fellows from a university psychology department.Results:Both groups produced faked mean IQ scores within the ‘mental retardation’ range. There were, however, unusual features in the answers of both groups, including unusual error types. The faking tactics employed were readily detected.Conclusions:The results suggest that an individual's WAIS‐R performance should be interpreted with due consideration given to both the quantitative and the qualitative aspects of their presentation.