bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New Liouville type theorems for the stationary Navier–Stokes, MHD, and Hall–MHD equations
Authors: Cho Youseung , Neustupa Jiří , Yang Minsuk 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
We establish new Liouville-type theorems for weak solutions of the stationary Navier–Stokes equations, stationary magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) equations and stationary Hall–MHD equations under some conditions on the growth of certain Lebesgue norms of the velocity and the magnetic field.
Zeeman effect of isotopes of Kr and Xe investigated at the linear plasma device PSI-2
Authors: Sackers M , Marchuk O , Dipti D , Ralchenko Yu , Ertmer S , Brezinsek S , Kreter A 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Laser absorption spectroscopy provides high-resolution spectra of atomic transitions that reveal many often inaccessible features. The line shapes of krypton and xenon measured in magnetized plasmas are strongly affected by the contribution of the odd-numbered isotopes 83Kr, 129Xe and 131Xe due to their hyperfine structure, creating more challenging spectra in comparison to even-numbered ones. The lines originating from metastable levels of krypton and xenon with J = 2 (Kr I 760.4 nm) and J = 0 (Kr I 785.7 nm, Xe I 764.4 nm) were measured and analyzed in the linear plasma device PSI-2 in the field range of 22.5 mT–90 mT. Evaluating the Hamiltonian, including hyperfine and Zeeman interaction terms for these magnetic field strengths, unveils a deviation from the linear energy shift of the sublevels as a function of the magnetic field and from constant relative intensities that the weak field formulas provide. We prove that modeling the transitions in Xe using the weak field approximation, frequently used in magnetized plasma, becomes inadequate at ≈50 mT. In particular, the spectra of the 131Xe isotope show pronounced deviations from the weak field results. For krypton, however, the situation is less critical compared to xenon due to the low natural abundance of the odd-numbered isotope.
Thermomechanical description of shape memory alloys using the preisach model
Authors: Alvares Thiago Q , Dornelas Vanderson M , Oliveira Sergio A , Savi Marcelo A 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Shape memory alloys (SMAs) are adaptive materials that exhibit complex thermomechanical behaviors due to multiphysics coupling. The thermomechanical modeling of SMAs is a complex task due to several phenomena involved, and the Preisach model is an interesting alternative to describe the SMA hysteretic behavior based on experimental data. This paper deals with the description of the thermomechanical behavior of SMA using the Preisach model. Experimental tests are performed considering NiTi pseudoelastic wires subjected to different load conditions, establishing reference cases. Afterward, the Preisach model is employed to describe the SMA behavior. Numerical simulations are carried out and compared with the experimental data showing a good agreement. Other experimental data available in the literature are employed to investigate different macroscopic behaviors related to SMAs, including strain-temperature relations of wires and force-displacement relations of springs. Results show that the model is able to describe the thermomechanical behavior of SMAs, being in close agreement with experimental data. Preisach model has advantages such as a simple numerical implementation when compared to phenomenological and thermodynamic-based models, being an interesting approach useful for a wide range of applications that include different macroscopic behaviors.
A novel inclined membrane contact model for analyzing the pneu-net soft actuator lateral wall contact
Authors: Liu Tong , Wang Xiaojie 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Pneu-net soft actuators are widely used in the soft robotics society owing to their light weight, high deformation, and fast response. This paper presents a novel theoretical framework to model the static analysis and contact mechanics of pneumatic soft actuators undergoing large deformations. While most soft robots exhibit complex material behaviors, we show that their mechanics can be accurately captured through the fundamental principles of elasticity and contact theories. The core contribution is an inclined membrane contact model that elegantly transforms the complex three-dimensional contact between angled surfaces into an equivalent problem of horizontal contact, enabling the use of established contact solutions. This model is integrated with an energy-based solution for elastic deformation to fully characterize soft actuator bending. The generalizable modeling approach is applied to the example of a pneumatic net actuator, with comprehensive validation against finite element analysis and experiments. This work advances a fundamental understanding of soft machine statics and contact mechanics while providing an analytical tool for the design and control of deformable actuators. The flexible theoretical framework presented can be extended to diverse interdisciplinary problems involving moving surfaces in contact.
Mode entanglement in fermionic and bosonic Harmonium
Authors: Ernst Jan Ole , Tennie Felix 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Mode entanglement in many-body quantum systems is an active area of research. It provides crucial insight into the suitability of many-body systems for quantum information processing tasks. Local super-selection rules must be taken into account when assessing the amount of physically accessible entanglement. This requires amending well-established entanglement measures by incorporating local parity and local particle number constraints. In this paper, we report on mode entanglement present in the analytically solvable system of N-Harmonium. To the knowledge of the authors, this is the first analytic study of the physically accessible mode and mode-mode entanglement of an interacting many-body system in a continuous state space. We find that super-selection rules dramatically reduce the amount of physically accessible entanglement, which vanishes entirely in some cases. Our results strongly suggest the need to re-evaluate intra and inter-mode entanglement in other fermionic and bosonic systems.
Real-space decomposition of p-wave Kitaev chain
Authors: He D K , Ma E S , Song Z 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
We propose an extended Bogoliubov transformation in real space for spinless fermions, based on which a class of Kitaev chains of length 2N with zero chemical potential can be mapped to two independent Kitaev chains of length N. It provides an alternative way to investigate a complicated system from the result of relatively simple systems. We demonstrate the implications of this decomposition by a Su–Schrieffer–Heeger Kitaev model, which supports rich quantum phases. The features of the system, including the groundstate topology and nonequilibrium dynamics, can be revealed directly from that of sub-Kitaev chains. Based on this connection, two types of Bardeen–Cooper–Schrieffer (BCS)-pair order parameters are introduced to characterize the phase diagram, showing the ingredient of two different BCS pairing modes. Analytical analysis and numerical simulations show that the real-space decomposition for the ground state still holds true approximately in presence of finite chemical potential in the gapful regions.
Catalysis in action via elementary thermal operations
Authors: Son Jeongrak , Ng Nelly H Y 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
We investigate catalysis in the framework of elementary thermal operations (ETOs), leveraging the distinct features of such operations to illuminate catalytic dynamics. As groundwork, we establish new technical tools that enhance the computability of state transition rules for ETOs. Specifically, we provide a complete characterisation of state transitions for a qutrit system and special classes of initial states of arbitrary dimension. By employing these tools in conjunction with numerical methods, we find that by adopting a small catalyst, including just a qubit catalyst, one can significantly enlarge the set of state transitions for a qutrit system. This advancement notably narrows the gap of reachable states between ETOs and generic thermal operations. Furthermore, we decompose catalytic transitions into time-resolved evolution, which critically enables the tracking of nonequilibrium free energy exchanges between the system and bath. Our results provide evidence for the existence of simple and practicable catalytic advantage in thermodynamics while offering insight into analysing the mechanism of catalytic processes.
Noise-resilient phase transitions and limit-cycles in coupled Kerr oscillators
Authors: Alaeian H , Soriente M , Najafi K , Yelin S F 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
In recent years, there has been considerable focus on exploring driven-dissipative quantum systems, as they exhibit distinctive dissipation-stabilized phases. Among them dissipative time crystal is a unique phase emerging as a shift from disorder or stationary states to periodic behaviors. However, understanding the resilience of these non-equilibrium phases against quantum fluctuations remains unclear. This study addresses this query within a canonical parametric quantum optical system, specifically, a multi-mode cavity with self- and cross-Kerr non-linearity. Using mean-field (MF) theory we obtain the phase diagram and delimit the parameter ranges that stabilize a non-stationary limit-cycle phase. Leveraging the Keldysh formalism, we study the unique spectral features of each phase. Further, we extend our analyses beyond the MF theory by explicitly accounting for higher-order correlations through cumulant expansions. Our findings unveil insights into the modifications of the open quantum systems phases, underscoring the significance of quantum correlations in non-equilibrium steady states. Importantly, our results conclusively demonstrate the resilience of the non-stationary phase against quantum fluctuations, rendering it a dissipation-induced genuine quantum synchronous phase.
Dark black holes in the mass gap
Authors: Fernandez Nicolas , Ghalsasi Akshay , Profumo Stefano , Santos-Olmsted Lillian , Smyth Nolan 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
In the standard picture of stellar evolution, pair-instability — the energy loss in stellar cores due to electron-positron pair production — is predicted to prevent the collapse of massive stars into black holes with mass in the range between approximately 50 and 130 solar masses — a range known as the “black hole mass gap”. LIGO and Virgo detection of black hole binary mergers containing one or both black holes with masses in this mass gap thus challenges the standard picture, possibly pointing to an unexpected merger history, unanticipated or poorly understood astrophysical mechanisms, or new physics. Here, we entertain the possibility that a “dark sector” exists, consisting of dark electrons, dark protons, and electromagnetic-like interactions, but no nuclear forces. Dark stars would inevitably form given such dark sector constituents, possibly collapsing into black holes with masses within the mass gap. We study in detail the cooling processes necessary for successful stellar collapse in the dark sector and show that for suitable choices of the particle masses, we indeed predict populating the mass gap with dark sector black holes. In particular, we numerically find that the heavier of the two dark sector massive particles cannot be lighter than, approximately, the visible sector proton for the resulting dark sector black holes to have masses within the mass gap. We discuss constraints on this scenario and how to test it with future, larger black hole merger statistics.
ESPRESSO Observations of Gaia BH1: High-precision Orbital Constraints and no Evidence for an Inner Binary
Authors: Nagarajan Pranav , El-Badry Kareem , Triaud Amaury H. M. J. , Baycroft Thomas A. , Latham David , Bieryla Allyson , Buchhave Lars A. , Rix Hans-Walter , Quataert Eliot , Howard Andrew , Isaacson Howard , Hobson Melissa J. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
We present high-precision radial velocity observations of Gaia BH1, the nearest known black hole (BH). The system contains a solar-type G star orbiting a massive dark companion, which could be either a single BH or an inner BH + BH binary. A BH + BH binary is expected in some models where Gaia BH1 formed as a hierarchical triple, which is attractive because they avoid many of the difficulties associated with forming the system through isolated binary evolution. Our observations test the inner binary scenario. We have measured 115 precise RVs of the G star, including 40 from ESPRESSO with a precision of 3–5 m s−1, and 75 from other instruments with a typical precision of 30–100 m s−1. Our observations span 2.33 orbits of the G star and are concentrated near a periastron passage, when perturbations due to an inner binary would be largest. The RVs are well-fit by a Keplerian two-body orbit and show no convincing evidence of an inner binary. Using REBOUND simulations of hierarchical triples with a range of inner periods, mass ratios, eccentricities, and orientations, we show that plausible inner binaries with periods P
inner ≳ 1.5 days would have produced larger deviations from a Keplerian orbit than observed. Binaries with P
inner ≲ 1.5 days are consistent with the data, but these would merge within a Hubble time and would thus imply fine-tuning. We present updated parameters of Gaia BH1's orbit. The RVs yield a spectroscopic mass function

f

M

BH

=
3.9358
±
0.0002

M

⊙

—about 7000σ above the ∼2.5 M
⊙ maximum neutron star mass. Including the inclination constraint from Gaia astrometry, this implies a BH mass of M
BH = 9.27 ± 0.10 M
⊙.
Rogue wave solutions and rogue-breather solutions to the focusing nonlinear Schrödinger equation
Authors: Chen Si-Jia , Lü Xing 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Based on the long wave limit method, the general form of the second-order and third-order rogue wave solutions to the focusing nonlinear Schrödinger equation are given by introducing some arbitrary parameters. The interaction solutions between the first-order rogue wave and one-breather wave are constructed by taking a long wave limit on the two-breather solutions. By applying the same method to the three-breather solutions, two types of interaction solutions are obtained, namely the first-order rogue wave and two breather waves, the second-order rogue wave and one-breather wave, respectively. The influence of the parameters related to the phase on the interaction phenomena is graphically demonstrated. Collisions occur among the rogue waves and breather waves. After the collisions, the shape of them remains unchanged. The abundant interaction phenomena in this paper will contribute to a better understanding of the propagation and control of nonlinear waves.
Cold plasma-induced effects on electromagnetic wave scattering in waveguides: a mode-matching analysis
Authors: Rizvi Shahana , Afzal Muhammad 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This article presents advancements in an analytical mode-matching technique for studying electromagnetic wave propagation in a parallel-plate metallic rectangular waveguide. This technique involves projecting the solution onto basis functions and solving linear algebraic systems to determine scattering amplitudes. The accuracy of this method is validated via numerical assessments, which involve the reconstruction of matching conditions and conservation laws. The study highlights the impact of geometric and material variations on reflection and transmission phenomena in the waveguide.
The electroweak monopole–antimonopole pair in the standard model
Authors: Zhu Dan , Wong Khai-Ming , Wong Guo-Quan 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
We present the first numerical solution that corresponds to a pair of Cho–Maison monopoles and antimonopoles (MAPs) in the SU(2) × U(1) Weinberg–Salam (WS) theory. The monopoles are finitely separated, while each pole carries a magnetic charge ±4π/e. The positive pole is situated in the upper hemisphere, whereas the negative pole is in the lower hemisphere. The Cho–Maison MAP is investigated for a range of Weinberg angles,

0.4675
≤
tan

θ

W

≤
10

, and Higgs self-coupling, 0 ≤ β ≤ 1.7704. The magnetic dipole moment (μ
m) and pole separation (d

z
) of the numerical solutions are calculated and analyzed. The total energy of the system, however, is infinite due to point singularities at the locations of monopoles.
Efficient training sets for surrogate models of tokamak turbulence with Active Deep Ensembles
Authors: Zanisi L. , Ho A. , Barr J. , Madula T. , Citrin J. , Pamela S. , Buchanan J. , Casson F.J. , Gopakumar V. ,   JET Contributors
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Model-based plasma scenario development lies at the heart of the design and operation of future fusion powerplants. Including turbulent transport in integrated models is essential for delivering a successful roadmap towards operation of ITER and the design of DEMO-class devices. Given the highly iterative nature of integrated models, fast machine-learning-based surrogates of turbulent transport are fundamental to fulfil the pressing need for faster simulations opening up pulse design, optimization, and flight simulator applications. A significant bottleneck is the generation of suitably large training datasets covering a large volume in parameter space, which can be prohibitively expensive to obtain for higher fidelity codes. In this work, we propose ADEPT (Active Deep Ensembles for Plasma Turbulence), a physics-informed, two-stage Active Learning strategy to ease this challenge. Active Learning queries a given model by means of an acquisition function that identifies regions where additional data would improve the surrogate model. We provide a benchmark study using available data from the literature for the QuaLiKiz quasilinear transport model. We demonstrate quantitatively that the physics-informed nature of the proposed workflow reduces the need to perform simulations in stable regions of the parameter space, resulting in significantly improved data efficiency compared to non-physics informed approaches which consider a regression problem over the whole domain. We show an up to a factor of 20 reduction in training dataset size needed to achieve the same performance as random sampling. We then validate the surrogates on multichannel integrated modelling of ITG-dominated JET scenarios and demonstrate that they recover the performance of QuaLiKiz to better than 10%. This matches the performance obtained in previous work, but with two orders of magnitude fewer training data points.
Bacteria-targeted magnolol-loaded multifunctional nanocomplexes for antibacterial and anti-inflammatory treatment
Authors: Jiang Jian , Hou Xuefeng , Xu Kangjie , Ji Kangkang , Ji Zhongkai , Xi Juqun , Wang Xin 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Natural plant-derived small molecules have shown great potential for their antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties. In this study, we successfully developed a nanocomplex consisting of magnolol (Mag), a surfactant with an 18 carbon hydrocarbon chain and multi-amine head groups (C18N3), and a peptide (cyclic 9-amino acid peptide (CARG)) with targeting capabilities for Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). The obtained Mag/C18N3/CARG nanocomplexes exhibited strong antibacterial activity against S. aureus. Furthermore, they demonstrated anti-inflammatory effects by reducing the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β from macrophage inflammatory cells. This was achieved through downregulating the activation of NF-κB, KEAP1, and NRF2 signaling pathways. In a murine skin infection model, the Mag/C18N3/CARG nanocomplexes effectively suppressed the growth of S. aureus in the infected area and promoted wound healing. Additionally, in a mouse model of acute kidney injury (AKI), the nanocomplexes significantly reduced the levels of blood urea nitrogen and creatinine, leading to a decrease in mortality rate. These findings demonstrate the potential of combining natural plant-derived small molecules with C18N3/CARG assemblies as a novel approach for the development of effective and safe antibacterial agents.
Synthesis and properties of doubly diphenylene-fused benzopyrrolo[1,4]diazocine with a [7-8-7] successive ring-fused structure
Authors: Hisada Masato , Shimizu Daiki , Matsuda Kenji 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
We explored a π-electronic system with a successively fused [7-8-7]-membered ring structure. X-ray analysis revealed its nonplanar structure with a mean plane deviation (MPD) of 1.53 Å. Compared with a reference compound with a [7-6-7]-membered ring structure (MPD: 0.38 Å), the incorporation of an 8-membered ring induced larger nonplanarity. On the other hand, replacing the 6-membered ring with an 8-membered ring induced a smaller strain in energy, as suggested by using DFT calculations. The π-orbital axis vector analysis showed that the nonplanarity was mainly dictated by torsion, not pyramidalization.
Sequential Treatment Failure With Aztreonam-Ceftazidime-Avibactam Followed by Cefiderocol Due to Preexisting and Acquired Mechanisms in a New Delhi Metallo-β-lactamase–Producing Escherichia coli Causing Fatal Bloodstream Infection
Authors: Senchyna Fiona , Murugesan Kanagavel , Rotunno William , Nadimpalli Sruti S , Deresinski Stan , Banaei Niaz 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
We report a fatal case of New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase (NDM)–producing Escherichia coli in a bacteremic patient with sequential failure of aztreonam plus ceftazidime-avibactam followed by cefiderocol. Acquired resistance was documented phenotypically and mediated through preexisting and acquired mutations. This case highlights the need to rethink optimal treatment for NDM-producing organisms.