bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mismatch of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms and DSM‐IV symptom clusters in a cancer sample: Exploratory factor analysis of the PTSD Checklist‐Civilian Version
Authors: Shelby Rebecca A. , Golden‐Kreutz Deanna M. , Andersen Barbara L. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM‐IV; American Psychiatric Association, 1994a) conceptualization of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) includes three symptom clusters: reexperiencing, avoidance/numbing, and arousal. The PTSD Checklist‐Civilian Version (PCL‐C) corresponds to the DSM‐IV PTSD symptoms. In the current study, we conducted exploratory factor analysis (EFA) of the PCL‐C with two aims: (a) to examine whether the PCL‐C evidenced the three‐factor solution implied by the DSM‐IV symptom clusters, and (b) to identify a factor solution for the PCL‐C in a cancer sample. Women (N = 148) with Stage II or III breast cancer completed the PCL‐C after completion of cancer treatment. We extracted two‐, three‐, four‐, and five‐factor solutions using EFA. Our data did not support the DSM‐IV PTSD symptom clusters. Instead, EFA identified a four‐factor solution including reexperiencing, avoidance, numbing, and arousal factors. Four symptom items, which may be confounded with illness and cancer treatment‐related symptoms, exhibited poor factor loadings. Using these symptom items in cancer samples may lead to overdiagnosis of PTSD and inflated rates of PTSD symptoms.
Some remarks on the perturbation of polar decompositions for rectangular matrices
Authors: Li Wen , Sun Weiwei 
Published: August 2005

AbstractIn this article we focus on perturbation bounds of unitary polar factors in polar decompositions for rectangular matrices. First we present two absolute perturbation bounds in unitarily invariant norms and in spectral norm, respectively, for any rectangular complex matrices, which improve recent results of Li and Sun (SIAM J. Matrix Anal. Appl. 2003; 25:362–372). Secondly, a new absolute bound for complex matrices of full rank is given. When ‖A − Ã‖2 ≪ ‖A − Ã‖F, our bound for complex matrices is the same as in real case. Finally, some asymptotic bounds given by Mathias (SIAM J. Matrix Anal. Appl. 1993; 14:588–593) for both real and complex square matrices are generalized. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis of soluble electron‐donating polymers containing vinylogous TTF by oxidative dimerization of 1,4‐bisdithiafulvenyl‐2,5‐dialkoxybenzene
Authors: Naka Kensuke , Inagi Shinsuke , Chujo Yoshiki 
Published: August 2005

AbstractA new electron‐donating polymer composed of a vinylogous tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) unit was prepared by the oxidative dimerization of 1,4‐bisdithiafulvenyl‐2,5‐didodecyloxybenzene using iodine. The polymer was soluble in common organic solvents such as CHCl3 and toluene. The number‐average molecular weight of the polymer with dodecyloxy group was 24,900 determined from GPC. The UV–vis spectrum of the polymer showed the absorption maxima at 587, 712, and 803 nm, which are due to a cation radical of the vinylogous TTF unit in the polymer. The reduction of the polymer to its neutral state was performed using sodium hydrogen sulfite. The structure of the polymer was confirmed by 1H NMR and UV–vis spectra compared with that of a dimer model compound prepared by oxidation of 1‐dithiafulvenyl‐2,5‐didodecyloxybenzene using iodine. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 4600–4608, 2005
Determinants of protein stability and folding: Comparative analysis of beta‐lactoglobulins and liver basic fatty acid binding protein
Authors: Ragona Laura , Colombo Giorgio , Catalano Maddalena , Molinari Henriette 
Published: August 2005

AbstractA new energy decomposition approach, aimed at identifying residues playing a folding key role, has been applied here to three homologous proteins, belonging to the calycin superfamily, namely bovine and porcine beta‐lactoglobulins and Liver basic fatty acid binding protein, sharing the same beta‐barrel fold and different degree of sequence identities. All‐atom, explicit solvent molecular dynamics simulations around the native conformation were used to generate, for each of the three proteins, energy maps which were further simplified through eigenvalue decomposition. Analysis of the components of the eigenvector associated with the lowest eigenvalue singled out those residues (hot sites) behaving as strongly interacting and possible nucleation centers. The results fit well with experimental folding data and, especially, with the analysis of side chain–side chain interaction conservation. Proteins 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
CIRCULATING SURFACTANT PROTEIN‐B LEVELS INCREASE ACUTELY IN RESPONSE TO EXERCISE‐INDUCED LEFT VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION
Authors: De Pasquale Carmine G , Arnolda Leonard F , Doyle Ian R , Aylward Phillip E , Russell Andrew E , Bersten Andrew D 
Published: August 2005

SUMMARY1. As a result of its enormous surface area and necessary thinness for gas exchange, the alveolocapillary barrier is vulnerable to mechanical disruption from raised pulmonary microvascular pressure (Pmv).2. Because surfactant protein‐B (SP‐B) leaks into the blood stream from the alveoli in response to alveolocapillary barrier damage and exercise leads to increased Pmv, we sought to determine whether exercise results in increased plasma SP‐B. Moreover, in the setting of exercise‐induced left ventricular dysfunction, the consequent increase in left heart filling pressure and, therefore, Pmv would be expected to further increase plasma SP‐B levels.3. Twenty consecutive subjects referred for treadmill exercise stress echocardiography (ESE) had venous blood sampled immediately before and after ESE for batch atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and SP‐B assay. Echocardiographic measures of pulmonary haemodynamics (pulmonary artery flow acceleration time (pafAT) and right ventricular outflow tract velocity time integral (rVTI)) were also taken pre‐ and post‐exercise.4. Although circulating ANP levels increased following exercise (P < 0.001), there was no change in circulating SP‐B levels in the entire cohort.5. Ten subjects had a positive ESE for ventricular dysfunction. Although circulating ANP was increased post‐exercise in both the negative and positive ESE groups (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively), circulating SP‐B only increased post‐exercise in the positive ESE group (P < 0.05). Echocardiographic parameters supported an increment in Pmv in the cohort with exercise‐induced left ventricular dysfunction because this group had an increase in pafAT (P < 0.05; reflecting pulmonary artery pressure) and no change in rVTI.6. Physical exertion associated with a Bruce protocol ESE is insufficient to increase circulating SP‐B, despite evidence of increased left atrial and pulmonary vascular pressure. However, in the setting of exercise‐induced myocardial dysfunction, there is a detectable increase in circulating SP‐B.7. The exaggerated increase in pulmonary vascular pressure in exercise‐induced myocardial dysfunction may result in increased SP‐B leakage from the alveoli into the circulation by altering the integrity of the alveolocapillary barrier to protein.
IMPROVEMENT OF INSULIN RESISTANCE BY ACANTHOPANAX SENTICOSUS ROOT IN FRUCTOSE‐RICH CHOW‐FED RATS
Authors: Liu Tsang‐Pai , Lee Chyou‐Shen , Liou Shorong‐Shii , Liu I‐Min , Cheng Juei‐Tang 
Published: August 2005

SUMMARY1. In an attempt to develop new substances for handling insulin resistance, an aqueous extract of the root of Acanthopanax senticosus (Araliaceae) was used to screen the effect on insulin resistance induced by fructose‐rich chow in rats.2. Insulin action on glucose disposal rate was measured using the glucose–insulin index, the product from areas under the curve of glucose and insulin during the intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test. In addition to the modification of feeding behaviour and a marked decrease in bodyweight, oral administration (three times daily for 3 days) of the aqueous extract of A. senticosus root to rats that had received fructose‐rich chow for 4 weeks reversed the elevated value of the glucose–‐insulin index, indicating that this herb has the ability to improve insulin sensitivity.3. Time for the loss of the plasma glucose‐lowering response to tolbutamide (10.0 mg/kg, i.p.) in fructose‐rich chow‐fed rats was markedly delayed by repeated treatment with the aqueous extract of A. senticosus root compared with the vehicle (saline) ‐treated group. Thus, an improving effect of A. senticosus root on insulin resistance can be considered.4. An increase in insulin sensitivity following the administration of this herb was further identified using the plasma glucose‐lowering action of exogenous insulin in streptozotocin (STZ)‐diabetic rats. Oral administration of the aqueous extract of A. senticosus root at a dose of 150.0 mg/kg three times daily to STZ‐diabetic rats increased the responses to exogenous insulin 10 days later.5. The results obtained suggest that oral administration of the aqueous extract from A. senticosus root has the ability to improve insulin sensitivity and delay the development of insulin resistance in rats and, thus, may be used as an adjuvant therapy for patients with insulin resistance.
DELAYED UNCOUPLING CONTRIBUTES TO THE PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF HEPTANOL AGAINST ISCHAEMIA IN THE RAT ISOLATED HEART
Authors: Chen Bao‐Ping , Mao Hong‐Jiao , Fan Fang‐Yan , Bruce Iain C , Xia Qiang 
Published: August 2005

SUMMARY1. It is known that infusion of the gap junction uncoupler heptanol, before ischaemia or during reperfusion, limits myocardial infarct size. However, whether this cardiac effect is linked to the effect of hepatnol on communication across gap junctions has not been elucidated. The aims of the present study were to examine the effect of heptanol on infarct size, arrhythmias and myocardial tissue resistance and to assess whether changes in electrical coupling correlate with cardiac protection.2. Rat isolated, perfused hearts were subjected to a 24 min infusion of heptanol (0.05, 0.1, 0.5 or 1.0 mmol/L) followed by 20 min regional ischaemia and 60 min reperfusion, or by 70 min global no‐flow ischaemia. The effective refractory period, action potential and conduction velocity were measured in papillary muscles from the right ventricle. Heptanol markedly decreased arrhythmia scores during ischaemia and reperfusion, as well as reducing infarct size to a degree similar to that induced by ischaemic preconditioning. In the prolonged ischaemia model, heptanol delayed the onset of uncoupling, increased time to plateau and decreased the maximal rate of uncoupling during ischaemia. Ischaemic preconditioning had similar effects on these parameters. In papillary muscle, heptanol reduced the conduction velocity of the action potential in a dose‐dependent manner, but had no significant effect on resting potential, action potential amplitude, action potential duration, maximal upstroke of depolarization or effective refractory period.3. These results demonstrate that treatment with the gap junction uncoupler heptanol confers cardioprotection against ischaemia and this effect is related to delayed electrical uncoupling during prolonged ischaemia.
Cancer Mortality in Low Radon Spa Area
Authors: Suzuki Yasuyo , Honjo Satoshi , Kawamura Hiroko , Koishi Fumiko , Suzuki Tomokazu , Hirohata Tomio 
Published: August 2005

Recently lower mortality for cancers of all sites was reported among inhabitants in the Misasa spa area, where there is a high radon background. To clarify the effects of radon exposure on cancer mortality, the effects of a hot spring itself on cancer mortality was investigated in the Beppu spa area, which has only a low radon background, and adjacent control areas. For females, the mortalities for cancers of all sites, liver and lung were higher in Beppu than those for all Japan on the basis of the standardized mortality ratio (SMR), while the SMR for all cancers was lower in adjacent areas. For the male inhabitants in hoth areas the cancer mortalities of all sites were not significantly different from those of all Japan. When we directly compared the most typical spa areas in Beppu and an adjacent control area, a Poisson regression analysis did not show that the relative risk of dying from cancer of all sites was decreased in the spa areas. These results are thus consistent with the view that the lower cancer mortality in the Misasa spa area might be related to exposure to low levels of radon.
Intelligence in relation to later beverage preference and alcohol intake
Authors: Mortensen Laust H. , Sørensen Thorkild I. A. , Grønbæk Morten 
Published: August 2005

ABSTRACTAims  The health effects of drinking may be related to psychological characteristics influencing both health and drinking habits. This study aims to examine the relationship between intelligence, later beverage preference and alcohol intake.Design  Prospective cohort study.Setting  Zealand, Denmark.Participants  A total of 900 obese men and a random population sample of 899 young men.Measurements  Intelligence testing at the draft board examinations over a 22‐year period between 1956 and 1977. Percentage of wine of total alcohol intake (wine pct), preference for wine (wine pct >50), heavy drinking (>21 drinks per week) and non‐drinking (<1 drink per week), and vocational education from follow‐ups of the initial study sample in 1981–83 and 1992–94.Findings  A strong dose–response‐like association was found between intelligence quotient (IQ) in young adulthood and beverage preferences later in life in both the obese and the random population sample. At the first follow‐up a 30‐point advantage in IQ [2 standard deviations (SD)] was found to be associated with an odds ratio (OR) for preferring wine over beer and spirits of 1.7 (1.3–2.4). At the second follow‐up the corresponding OR was 2.8 (2.0–3.9). A 30‐point advantage in IQ was found to be associated with an OR for being a non‐drinker of 0.5 (0.3–0.8) at the first follow‐up and second follow‐up. We examined whether, at the second follow‐up, the association between IQ, beverage preferences and non‐drinking could be explained by socio‐economic position (SEP). The association between IQ and non‐drinking disappeared when controlling for SEP. The association between IQ and beverage preferences was attenuated, but remained statistically significant. IQ was not associated with heavy drinking.Conclusion  Irrespective of socio‐economic position, a high IQ was associated with preference for wine to other beverages, but IQ was not related similarly to alcohol consumption.
A new antihistamine levocetirizine inhibits eosinophil adhesion to vascular cell adhesion molecule‐1 under flow conditions
Authors: Wu P. , Mitchell S. , Walsh G. M. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryBackgroundWe previously demonstrated that low concentrations of a new antihistamine levocetirizine inhibited eosinophil transmigration through human microvascular endothelial cells.ObjectiveHere, the inhibitory effect of levocetirizine on eosinophil adhesion to recombinant human vascular cell adhesion molecule‐1 (rhVCAM)‐1 was examined under conditions of shear stress using anin vitromodel of the post‐capillary venules.MethodsEosinophils isolated from normal subjects were pre‐incubated with a concentration range of levocetirizine (10−6–10−10 m) or negative dilution control. Resting or granulocyte macrophage‐colony stimulating factor (GM‐CSF)‐stimulated cells were pumped through rhVCAM‐1 (10 μg/mL) coated capillary tubes using a microfluidic syringe pump at a precise and constant flow rate (1 dyn/cm2). Images of rolling and firmly adherent eosinophils were captured using real‐time video microscopy.ResultsLevocetirizine significantly inhibited resting eosinophil adhesion to rhVCAM‐1 with maximal effect at 10−8 M with an EC50of 10−9 m. Levocetirizine almost abolished resting eosinophil adhesion by the 15 min time‐point. GM‐CSF significantly enhanced eosinophil adhesion and their ability to flatten on rhVCAM‐1. Both phenomena were inhibited by levocetirizine in a dose‐dependent manner, at both 5 and 15 min (optimal concentration of 10−8 mwith an EC50of 10−9 m). Real‐time imaging revealed that the effect of levocetirizine on post‐adhesion behaviour (detachment, flatness) contributed to its inhibitory action on eosinophil adhesion to rhVCAM‐1. In contrast, very late antigen (VLA)‐4 mAb inhibited eosinophil adhesion to rhVCAM‐1 from the earliest time‐points.ConclusionPhysiologically relevant concentrations of levocetirizine inhibit resting and GM‐CSF‐stimulated firm eosinophil adhesion to rhVCAM‐1 under flow conditions.
Exploiting the avian immunoglobulin system to simplify the generation of recombinant antibodies to allergenic proteins
Authors: Finlay W. J. J. , DeVore N. C. , Dobrovolskaia E. N. , Gam A. , Goodyear C. S. , Slater J. E. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryBackground
Monoclonal antibodies are a valuable tool in the study of allergens, but the technology used in their generation can be slow and labour‐intensive. Therefore, we have examined recombinant antibody development by phage‐display against single allergens and protein mixtures.Objective
We used the avian immunoglobulin system (generated from single VH and VL genes) to provide a rapid method for generating highly specific recombinant antibody fragments from a minimal number of animals.Methods
A single‐chain antibody fragment (scFv) library was generated from a single chicken immunized with model allergens. ScFvs were isolated by phage‐display and their properties investigated by ELISA and Western blot.Results
Mono‐specific scFvs were generated against recombinant Fel d 1 and native Amb a 1. Pannings against yellow jacket venom extracts only yielded clones that reacted with multiple proteins in the venom extract. The scFvs from each panning type were effectively expressed in Escherichia coli and readily purified. Highly specific and sensitive recognition of Fel d 1 and Amb a 1 was demonstrated in ELISA, with scFvs displaying antibody‐concentration‐dependent absorbance curves down to picogram levels of antibody. The specificity of selected antibodies for their cognate antigen was further confirmed in Western blot analysis, with scFvs directed to either Fel d 1 or Amb a 1 showing no reactivity for the other antigens used in immunization. Anti‐Amb a 1 scFvs also mapped Amb a 1‐isoform location in Western blot of ragweed extracts separated by 2D SDS‐PAGE. DNA sequence analysis of scFvs showed that multiple different clones had been generated against Fel d 1 and Amb a 1. Using two anti‐Fel d 1 scFv for ELISA analysis of Fel d 1 content in crude cat pelt extracts, we could produce data which were highly similar (P=0.33 and 0.89 by paired t‐test analysis) to those obtained using conventional assays (radial immunodiffusion).Conclusion
Phage‐display technology may generate multiple allergen‐specific recombinant antibody fragments from a single chicken, to allergens from mammalian, plant and insect sources. The resulting antibody fragments are of demonstrable use in allergen identification and quantification, in comparison with standard immunoassays.
Modulation of Anopheles gambiae gene expression in response to o’nyong‐nyong virus infection
Authors: Sim C. , Hong Y. S. , Vanlandingham D. L. , Harker B. W. , Christophides G. K. , Kafatos F. C. , Higgs S. , Collins F. H. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractTo determine if gene expression of An. gambiae is modulated in response to o’nyong‐nyong virus (ONNV) infection, we utilized cDNA microarrays including about 20 000 cDNAs. Gene expression levels of ONNV‐infected female mosquitoes were compared to that of the uninfected control females harvested at 14 days postinfection. In response to ONNV infection, expression levels of 18 genes were significantly modulated, being at least two‐fold up‐ or down‐regulated. Quantitative real‐time PCR analysis (qRT‐PCR) further substantiated the differential expression of six of these genes in response to ONNV infection. These genes have similarity to a putative heat shock protein 70, DAN4, agglutinin attachment subunit, elongation factor 1 alpha and ribosomal protein L35. One gene, with sequence similarity to mitochondrial ribosomal protein L7, was down‐regulated in infected mosquitoes. The expression levels and annotation of the differentially expressed genes are discussed in the context of host/virus interaction including host translation/replication factors, and intracellular transport pathways.
Evidence for alternative electron sinks to photosynthetic carbon assimilation in the high mountain plant species Ranunculus glacialis
Authors: STREB PETER , JOSSE EVE‐MARIE , GALLOUËT EMILY , BAPTIST FLORENCE , KUNTZ MARCEL , CORNIC GABRIEL 
Published: August 2005

ABSTRACTThe high mountain plant species Ranunculus glacialis has a low antioxidative scavenging capacity and a low activity of thermal dissipation of excess light energy despite its growth under conditions of frequent light and cold stress. In order to examine whether this species is protected from over‐reduction by matching photosystem II (PSII) electron transport (ETR) and carbon assimilation, both were analysed simultaneously at various temperatures and light intensities using infrared gas absorption coupled with chlorophyll fluorescence. ETR exceeded electron consumption by carbon assimilation at higher light intensities and at all temperatures tested, necessitating alternative electron sinks. As photorespiration might consume the majority of excess electrons, photorespiration was inhibited by either high internal leaf CO2 molar ratio (Ci), low oxygen partial pressure (0.5% oxygen), or both. At 0.5% oxygen ETR was significantly lower than at 21% oxygen. At 21% oxygen, however, ETR still exceeded carbon assimilation at high Ci, suggesting that excess electrons are transferred to another oxygen consuming reaction when photorespiration is blocked. Nevertheless, photorespiration does contribute to electron consumption. While the activity of the water –water cycle to electron consumption is not known in leaves of R. glacialis, indirect evidence such as the high sensitivity to oxidative stress and the low initial NADP‐malate dehydrogenase (NADP‐MDH) activity suggests only a minor contribution as an alternative electron sink. Alternatively, the plastid terminal oxidase (PTOX) may transfer excess electrons to oxygen. This enzyme is highly abundant in R. glacialis leaves and exceeds the PTOX content of every other plant species so far examined, including those of transgenic tomato leaves overexpressing the PTOX protein. Finally, PTOX contents strongly declined during deacclimation of R. glacialis plants, suggesting their important role in photoprotection. Ranunculus glacialis is the first reported plant species with such a high PTOX protein content.