bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Guided tissue regeneration using a polylactic acid barrier. Part I: Environmental effects on bacterial colonization
Authors: Rüdiger S. G. , Ehmke B. , Hommens A. , Karch H. , Flemmig T. F. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractObjectives: The purpose of this study was to assess the dynamics of bacterial colonization in intra‐osseous defects following guided tissue regeneration (GTR) therapy using a resorbable barrier.Patients and methods: In each of 30 patients, one intra‐osseous defect was treated with GTR using a polylactic acid membrane (Guidor®). Plaque samples were taken from the defect site, other teeth and mucous membranes following initial therapy (baseline), and at 3, 6 and 12 months after periodontal surgery. Additionally, samples were taken from the defect sites at 1, 2 and 4 weeks. Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans (A.a.), Porphyromonas gingivalis (P.g.), and Bacteroides forsythus (B.f.) were detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Supportive periodontal therapy was performed at 3‐month intervals.Results: In the 29 patients completing the study, the assessed microflora was detected in 3 (A.a.), 13 (P.g.) and 14 (B.f.) defect sites at baseline, in 2 (A.a.), 2 (P.g.) and 2 (B.f.) following surgical debridement, and in 6 (A.a.), 10 (P.g.) and 22 (B.f.) at 12 months. Defect site colonization following GTR therapy was significantly correlated with presurgical colonization at other assessed teeth (A.a. and P.g.: tau = 0.45 and 0.66, respectively; P < 0.001), or on mucous membranes (B.f.: tau = 0.44, P < 0.001).Conclusion: The colonization of periodontal pathogens at sites treated by GTR may correlate with the intra‐oral presence of these pathogens before surgery. If colonization of GTR sites by periodontal pathogens is to be prevented, intra‐oral suppression/eradication of these pathogens may be required before surgery.
A rapid DNA probe test compared to culture methods for identification of subgingival plaque bacteria
Authors: Tsai Ching Yin , Wolff Larry F. , Germaine Greg , Hodges Jim 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThere has been a significant amount of interest in developing a more rapid and cost‐effective test to identify bacterial pathogens in plaque. DNA probe technology may meet both these objectives, it is more rapid and cost‐effective when compared to culture methods. The purpose of this study was to compare an automated DNA probe test with classical culture methods for identifying Bacteroides forsythus and Porphyromonas gingivalis in subgingival plaque of patients with adult periodontitis. Subgingival plaque samples were collected from sites with moderate to severe periodontitis and divided into two aliquots for analysis by either DNA probe or culture methods. When the DNA probe method was compared with the culture method (gold standard), the sensitivity and specificity for B. forsythus were 92.0% (SE = 3.4%) and 50.5% (SE = 7.8%), respectively; for P. gingivalis they were 52.2% (SE = 8.7%) and 74.7% (SE = 5.9%), respectively. Detection of B. forsythus and P. gingivalis by DNA probe correlated with probing depth (P = 0.01 for B. forsythus and P = 0.03 for P. gingivalis). It was concluded the DNA probe test was comparable to culture methods in detecting B. forsythus. In addition, when compared to the culture method, a better correlation was obtained with DNA probe detection of B. forsythus or P. gingivalis and clinical parameters.
Effect of inflammation, smoking and stress on gingival crevicular fluid cytokine level
Authors: Giannopoulou Catherine , Kamma Joanna J. , Mombelli Andrea 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBackground: Recent studies have shown that cytokines are pivotal to the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases and may be used as markers in diagnosis.Aim: The aim of the present study was to determine the levels of interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐4, IL‐6 and IL‐8 in gingival crevicular fluid of periodontally healthy and diseased individuals and to study their association to smoking, stress and clinical periodontal parameters.Material and methods: A total of 80 patients were included in the study : 20 patients with early onset or aggressive periodontitis (EOP), 20 with chronic adult periodontitis (AP), 20 with gingivitis (G) and 20 patients with healthy periodontium (H). GCF was collected by means of Durapore strips, from four sites per patient, randomly selected in each quadrant. The contents of IL‐ 1β, IL‐4, IL‐6 and IL‐8 were measured in 320 samples by use of commercially available sandwich enzyme‐linked immunoadsorbent assays.Results: In periodontally diseased subjects the total amounts of IL‐1β, IL‐6 and IL‐8 were significantly elevated as compared to healthy subjects, whereas IL‐4 showed an inverse relationship to periodontal status and higher amounts were found in the healthy group. The amounts of all four cytokines were positively correlated with probing depths. IL‐4, IL‐6 and IL‐8 were significantly correlated to smoking while stress was associated with IL‐1β, IL‐6 and IL‐8 levels. Conclusions: The present data suggest that crevicular IL‐1β, IL‐6 and IL‐8 reflect the activity of periodontal destruction, whereas IL‐4 shows an inverse correlation to it. The enhanced production of inflammatory cytokines in the presence of smoking and stress may have clinical consequences.
Treatment of gingivitis with hyaluronan
Authors: Jentsch H. , Pomowski R. , Kundt G. , Göcke R. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractObjectives:  Hyaluronic acid (hyaluronan) is a glycosaminoglycan with anti‐inflammatory and antiedematous properties. It was evaluated in a gel formulation for its effect in the treatment of plaque‐induced gingivitis.Method:  In a randomised double‐blind study, 50 male subjects with plaque‐induced gingivitis were divided into two groups and used a verum or placebo gel twice daily additionally to oral hygiene for a 3‐week treatment period. Clinical indices (API, Turesky index, PBI) and crevicular fluid variables (peroxidase, lysozyme) were determined at baseline and after 4, 7, 14 and 21 days, respectively.Results:  Significant improvements could be found for all clinical variables in both groups. The verum group showed significant improvement in the study area for the plaque indices beginning with day 4 (P = 0.011) and the PBI beginning with day 7 (P = 0.001) in comparison with the placebo group. The crevicular fluid variables were significantly improved in the centre of the studied inflammation area in the verum group. Here all studied sites had significant decreases in peroxidase (176.72–128.75 and 188.74–128.75 U/L) and lysozyme (1.27–0.27 and 1.30–0.33 mg/L) activities after 7, 14 and 21 days (P between 0.034 and < 0.001), whereas in the placebo group only one site showed a significant decrease for lysozyme (1.74–0.75 mg/L) after 7 and 21 days (P = 0.048 and 0.025).Conclusions:  These data suggest that a hyaluronan containing gel has a beneficial effect in the treatment of plaque‐induced gingivitis.
Emergence of permanent teeth in Tanzanian children
Authors: Mugonzibwa Emeria A. , Kuijpers‐Jagtman Anne M. , Laine‐Alava Maija T. , Van‘t Hof Martin A. 
Published: March 2003

Abstract –Objective:  The aim of the present study was to investigate the emergence of permanent teeth among Tanzanian children.Methods: A total of 869 Tanzanian children were recruited from 16 schools in age groups 3.5–5, 6.5–8, 9.5–11 and 15–16 years of whom 428 (49%) were boys and 441 (51%) were girls. The effects of age and gender on the emergence stages of the dentition were determined for the four age groups.Results: Girls, but not boys, had some permanent maxillary canines, second premolars and mandibular and maxillary second molars as early as at the age of 6.5–8 years. Permanent teeth of both the first and the second transitional periods were already emerging at the age of 3.5–5 years and 6.5–8 years, respectively. At 3.5–5 years, 9% of the permanent teeth belonging to the first transitional period were already in occlusion. Emergence of incisors and first molars was more advanced in girls than in boys in age groups 3.5–5 and 6.5–8 years.Conclusions: Parallel to earlier reports on different ethnic groups, the results of this study indicate that the permanent teeth of Tanzanian children erupt earlier in girls than in boys, and the mandibular teeth erupt earlier than the corresponding maxillary teeth. The difference between boys and girls was found in both the first and second transitional period. Permanent teeth in Tanzanian children clearly emerge earlier than in Caucasian children.
Use of specific dental treatment procedures by dentate adults during a 24‐month period
Authors: Gilbert Gregg H. , Shelton Brent J. , Duncan R. Paul 
Published: March 2003

Abstract –Objectives: To (a) describe the incidence of use of specific dental services; (b) test the hypothesis that certain predisposing, enabling, and need (PEN) factors are differentially predictive of service use; and (c) test the hypothesis that even with other PEN factors taken into account, race and household income are differentially predictive of certain dental services. Previously, this study identified PEN factors that predicted use of any care; herein we identify whether these same factors were differentially predictive of specific service use among users of at least one service.Methods:  The Florida Dental Care Study was a longitudinal study of persons aged 45 years or older who had at least one tooth. Subjects participated for interviews and clinical examinations at baseline and 24 months later, with 6‐monthly telephone interviews between those times.Results:  Seventy‐seven percent of subjects reported one or more visits. Results from a single multivariate multiple logistic regression suggested that even once analysis was limited to persons who used at least one dental service, at least one measure from each of the PEN domains was predictive of specific dental service use.Conclusions:  Each PEN domain was predictive of service use, even once limited to persons with at least one visit. Even with differences in other PEN variables taken into account, African‐Americans were much less likely to receive dental cleanings, restorative dentistry and fixed prosthodontic services, and were much more likely to have a tooth extracted. Household income was predictive of receipt of fixed prosthodontic services, but not other service categories.
Oral hygiene instructions and dietary sugar advice received by adolescents in 1989 and 1997
Authors: Honkala Sisko , Honkala Eino , Rimpelä Arja , Vikat Andres 
Published: March 2003

Abstract Objectives: The aim of this study was to find out how commonly adolescents receive oral hygiene instructions and dietary sugar advice in the Finnish public oral health care system and whether there have been any changes between 1989 and 1997. Methods: The data were collected as part of a nationwide research program, the Adolescent Health and Lifestyle Survey. Since 1977, a questionnaire has been sent every second year to a representative sample of 12‐, 14‐, 16‐ and 18‐year‐old Finns eligible for free comprehensive oral health care. The sample size was 3105 in 1989 and 8390 in 1997. Results: Almost all adolescents (95–96%) had visited a dentist during the last 2 years. In all age groups, boys reported having received toothcleaning instructions during their dental visit more often than girls did (40%/35%). There was only a minor decrease in instructions received between 1989 and 1997. Boys and those who brushed their teeth once a day or less often were the most likely to receive instructions in 1997. Only one‐fifth of adolescents reported having received dietary sugar advice, and there was a slight decrease between 1989 and 1997. In 1997, the groups of adolescents most likely to be advised were 12–16‐year‐old‐boys, those using sweets daily and those living in Central Finland. Conclusions: Oral health instructions were only given to a minority of adolescents. The targeting of adolescents with health‐damaged behavior is therefore important.
Spatial analysis to identify differentials in dental needs by area‐based measures
Authors: Antunes José Leopoldo Ferreira , Frazão Paulo , Narvai Paulo Capel , Bispo Camila Manoel , Pegoretti Tatiana 
Published: March 2003

Abstract Objectives: To examine the association between tooth decay and dental treatment needs in 5–12‐year‐old schoolchildren in São Paulo with area‐level indicators of social development. Methods: The present study refers to a representative sample of children from the city of São Paulo, Brazil, comprising 2491 girls and boys attending public and private schools in different areas of the city. The assessment of caries and treatment needs followed the international methodological standards prescribed by the World Health Organization. We used spatial data analysis to describe epidemiological measures distributed by small areas, and to explore hypotheses of ecological association between caries indexes and indicators of social development. Results: Schoolchildren in central districts were less affected by tooth decay and presented fewer dental treatment needs when compared to those in peripheral deprived areas. At the spatial level, average family income, unemployment rate, household overcrowding, and an index of inequality of income distribution were significantly correlated with variables measuring children's caries experience. Conclusions: The heterogeneous distribution of caries indexes by areas of the city indicates higher levels of dental decay in areas of social deprivation. The delimitation of areas with increased risk of caries and greater dental treatment needs should be helpful to public health services for the formulation of policies and the targeting of resources to address these problems.
Maternal risk indicators for childhood caries in an inner city population
Authors: Smith R. E. , Badner Victor M. , Morse Douglas E. , Freeman Katherine 
Published: March 2003

AbstractObjectives: This study evaluated whether characteristics of mothers, such as high mutans streptococci (MS) level, caries experience, reported sugar consumption and demographic variables, could be important risk indicators of caries for their children.Methods:  Mothers selected on the basis of the caries status of their 3–5‐year‐old‐children were tested for MS, caries, reported sugar consumption and demographic variables.Results: We found strong associations between children's caries and their mothers' MS levels (high/low adj. OR = 11.3), maternal active caries (yes/no adj. OR = 4.0) and maternal sugar consumption (high/low adj. OR = 4.2). In this small study, mothers' demographic variables were not associated with the status of caries in their children.Conclusions: Our findings suggest that maternal high MS levels, maternal active decay and maternal sugar consumption are strong risk indicators for children's caries. Although further study is needed, these three maternal risk indicators, taken together, may prove useful in predicting children's caries risk.
Trauma‐related phenomena in anxious dental patients
Authors: de Jongh A. , Aartman I. H. A. , Brand N. 
Published: March 2003

Abstract –Objectives: The main purpose of this descriptive study was to investigate whether dental anxiety is associated with the occurrence of trauma‐related symptoms (i.e. recurrent memories and a tendency to avoid these memories) associated with earlier traumatic dental experiences.Methods: A sample of 37 consecutive anxious patients attending a dental fear clinic was assessed prior to dental treatment. The results were compared with those of a sample of 32 consecutive patients of a general dental practice, who served as a reference group.Results: The proportion of patients who indicated they had had a horrific dental experience at least once in their life did not significantly differ between the anxious group and the reference group. Conversely, significantly more patients (76%) in the anxious group reported suffering from memories of these events. They also showed a higher level of trauma‐related symptomatology as indexed by the Impact of Event Scale (IES). About half of the anxious patients suffered from symptoms typically reported by patients with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Severity of dental anxiety showed a high correlation with both frequency of intrusions (r = 0.64, P < 0.001) and avoidance of the memories (r = 0.62, P < 0.001).Conclusions: The results suggest that in anticipation of treatment dentally anxious individuals suffer from a high level of intrusive recollections of earlier dental experiences.
The carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) family (CD66) expressed in melanocytic naevi is not expressed in blue naevuscell naevi in dendritic type
Authors: Egawa Kiyofumi , Honda Yumi , Kuroki Masahide , Ono Tomomichi 
Published: March 2003

Background: Although sporadic reports have regarded the expression of the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) family in melanoma, there has been no information about the expression in precursor lesions of melanoma such as melanocytic naevi and blue naevi.Methods: The expression was immunohistochemically studied in frozen biopsy specimens of 45 acquired and 16 congenital melanocytic naevi and 20 blue naevi, using a panel of monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies that recognize different epitopes of CEA and related molecules.Results: Members of the CEA glycoprotein family were strongly expressed in all of the subtypes of melanocytic naevus. A reduced expression of the CEA glycoproteins with increased dermal depth or acquisition of a spindled morphology of naevus cells was apparent. The expression was not seen in the present blue naevi and normal epidermal melanocytes.Conclusions: Although the significance of the expression was not clarified, this report has clearly demonstrated that the CEA family is strongly expressed in melanocytic naevi and immunoreactivity is divergent between melanocytic naevi and blue naevi and between dermal naevus cell types, suggesting that the expression may be altered with architectual changes in the melanocyte‐lineage cells.
The histologic value of adnexal (eccrine gland and follicle) infiltration in mycosis fungoides
Authors: Rongioletti F. , Smoller B. 
Published: March 2003

Background: To verify the incidence and the possible diagnostic use of detecting adnexotropism in mycosis fungoides (MF).Methods: We reviewed the frequency and the intensity of the eccrine and follicular infiltration in 104 biopsy specimens from indisputable cases of MF and in a control group of 20 biopsy specimens of spongiotic dermatitis. Syringohyperplasia and follicular mucinosis were also evaluated.Results: A prominent eccrine infiltration was noted in 32 of 104 specimens (30%). Marked acrosyringial and ductal eccrine hyperplasia was present in 5 specimens (5%). In 13 of the 32 specimens with prominent eccrine infiltration (40%), epidermotropism was slight or less evident than syringotropism. Follicular structures were visible in 59 specimens and significantly infiltrated in 57%. Follicular mucinosis was found in 5 (8.4%). In the control group of spongiotic dermatitis, a significant eccrine and follicular infiltration was found only in 1 case (5%).Conclusions: Adnexal (eccrine gland and follicle) infiltration may be a useful diagnostic tool in MF, particularly in those in which epidermotropism is slight.
Interleukin 4 and interferon‐γ expression of the dermal infiltrate in patients with erythroderma and mycosis fungoides. An immuno‐histochemical study
Authors: Sigurdsson Vigfús , Toonstra Johan , Bihari Ilse C. , Bruijnzeel‐Koomen Carla A. F. M. , Van Vloten Willem A. , Thepen Theo 
Published: March 2003

Background: Erythroderma, or generalized erythema of the skin, may result from different causes. At present it is unclear whether the underlying patho‐mechanisms that lead to erythroderma are identical or different depending on the original disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the dermal cytokine profile in different types of erythroderma and mycosis fungoides.Methods: Snap‐frozen skin biopsy specimens from 33 patients with erythroderma were studied. Thirteen had idiopathic erythroderma, 7 erythrodermic atopic dermatitis, 5 Sézary syndrome and 8 had erythroderma from miscellaneous causes. We also studied 6 patients with mycosis fungoides (5 plaques and 1 tumor) and 5 healthy non‐atopic volunteers. The biopsies were immunohistochemically stained for interleukin 4 (IL‐4) and interferon γ (IFN‐γ). All positive cells for IL‐4 and IFN‐γ in the dermis were counted and the number of positive cells was calculated per mm2. IL‐4/IFN‐γ ratio was calculated for each biopsy.Results: The patients with idiopathic erythroderma, atopic dermatitis and miscellaneous erythroderma, all showed more IFN‐γ‐positive cells than IL‐4‐positive cells in the dermis. The median IL‐4/IFN‐γ ratio for these three groups was 0.6, 0.9 and 0.45, respectively. These differences were not statistically significant. All patients with Sézary syndrome however, showed more IL‐4‐positive cells than IFN‐γ‐positive cells. The median IL‐4/IFN‐γ ratio was 1.8, which is significantly higher than in the other groups (p<0.05). In mycosis fungoides roughly the same number of cells expressed IL‐4 and IFN‐γ. The median IL‐4/IFN‐γ ratio was 1.0, which is significantly lower than in Sézary syndrome (p<0.05).Conclusions: The dermal infiltrate in patients with Sézary syndrome mainly shows a T‐helper 2 (Th2) cytokine profile, this in contrast to T‐helper 1 (Th1) cytokine profile in benign reactive erythroderma. This indicates that although a relative uniform clinical picture of erythroderma is obvious, a different patho‐mechanisms may be underlying.
Immunohistochemical expression of cyclooxygenase‐2 in skin cancers
Authors: Kagoura Masayori , Toyoda Masahiko , Matsui Chihiro , Morohashi Masaaki 
Published: March 2003

Background: Cyclooxygenase (COX), also known as prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase, catalyses the conversion of arachidonic acid to prostanoids. There are two different isoforms of COX, referred to as COX‐1 and COX‐2. Overexpression of COX‐2 has been demonstrated in various neoplasms, such as experimentally promoted tumors, gastrointestinal cancers and breast tumors.Methods: In this study, we used immunohistochemistry to investigate COX‐2 expression in a series of basal cell epitheliomas (BCE), Bowen’s disease, squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) and metastatic tumors of the skin.Results: Four of 16 BCE showed a positive reaction for COX‐2 and the adenoid type of BCE was the most strongly positive. In Bowen’s disease, the extent of positive staining for COX‐2 was even higher than that in BCE. Eleven of 15 SCC showed a positive reaction for COX‐2 and the pattern of staining was heterogeneous with more intense staining in the center of the tumor nests. In metastatic tumors, the percentage of COX‐2‐positive tumor cells and the intensity of their staining was low compared with Bowen’s disease and SCC.Conclusions: These results indicate that the intensity of COX‐2 staining and its heterogeneous distribution are related to the degree of cellular differentiation and the various phenotypes of tumor cells, but the extent of COX‐2 staining did not correlate with the degree of malignancy.