bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Light Management of Metal Halide Scintillators for High‐Resolution X‐Ray Imaging
Authors: Xu Xiuwen , Xie Yue‐Min , Shi Huaiyao , Wang Yongquan , Zhu Xianjun , Li Bing‐Xiang , Liu Shujuan , Chen Bing , Zhao Qiang 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe ever‐growing need to inspect matter with hyperfine structures requires a revolution in current scintillation detectors, and the innovation of scintillators is revived with luminescent metal halides entering the scene. Notably, for any scintillator, two fundamental issues arise: Which kind of material is suitable and in what form should the material exist? The answer to the former question involves the sequence of certain atoms into specific crystal structures that facilitate the conversion of X‐ray into light, whereas the answer to the latter involves assembling these crystallites into particular material forms that can guide light propagation toward its corresponding pixel detector. Despite their equal importance, efforts are overwhelmingly devoted to improving the X‐ray‐to‐light conversion, while the material‐form‐associated light propagation, which determines the optical signal collected for X‐ray imaging, is largely overlooked. This perspective critically correlates the reported spatial resolution with the light‐propagation behavior in each form of metal halides, combing the designing rules for their future development.
Super‐Structured Wet‐Adhesive Hydrogel with Ultralow Swelling, Ultrahigh Burst Pressure Tolerance, and Anti‐Postoperative Adhesion Properties for Tissue Adhesion
Authors: Ma Pengwei , Liang Weiwen , Huang Rongkang , Zheng Bingna , Feng Kangni , He Wenyi , Huang Zeping , Shen Huiyong , Wang Hui , Wu Dingcai 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWet‐adhesive hydrogels have been developed as an attractive strategy for tissue repair. However, achieving simultaneously low swelling and high burst pressure tolerance of wet‐adhesive hydrogels is crucial for in vivo application which remains challenges. Herein, a novel super‐structured porous hydrogel (denoted as PVA/PAAc‐N+) is designed via facile moisture‐induced phase separation‐solvent exchange process for obtaining porous polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogel as dissipative layer and in situ photocuring technology for entangling quaternary ammonium‐functionalized poly(acrylic acid)‐based wet‐adhesive layer (PAAc‐N+) with the porous surface of PVA layer. Benefitting from the ionic crosslinking between quaternary ammonium ions and carboxylate ions in PAAc‐N+ wet‐adhesive layer as well as the high crystallinity induced by abundant hydrogen bonds of PVA layer, the hydrogel has unique ultralow swelling property (0.29) without sacrificing adhesion strength (63.1 kPa). The porous structure of PVA facilitates the mechanical interlock at the interface between PAAc‐N+ wet‐adhesive layer and tough PVA dissipative layer, leading to the ultrahigh burst pressure tolerance up to 493 mm Hg and effective repair for porcine heart rupture; the PVA layer surface of PVA/PAAc‐N+ hydrogel can prevent postoperative adhesion. By integrating ultralow swelling, ultrahigh burst pressure tolerance, and anti‐postoperative adhesion properties, PVA/PAAc‐N+ hydrogel shows an appealing application prospect for tissue repair.
Self‐Powered Wide‐Narrow Bandgap‐Laminated Perovskite Photodetector with Bipolar Photoresponse for Secure Optical Communication
Authors: Cheng Wenjie , Wu Shaolong , Lu Jiayu , Li Guoyi , Li Shenghong , Tian Wei , Li Liang 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPerovskite photodetectors with bipolar photoresponse characteristics are expected to be applied in the field of secure optical communication (SOC). However, how to realize the perovskite photodetector with bipolar response remains challenging. Herein, by introducing bismuth iodide (BiI3) into Sn‐Pb mixed perovskite precursor solution, 2D perovskite FA3Bi2I9 is spontaneously formed at the bottom to realize a wide‐narrow bandgap‐laminated perovskite film. Wavelength‐dependent bipolar response is realized based on the absorption difference of the photoactive region with different bandgap combined with the carrier competition of the homotypic transport layer adopted in the as‐fabricated photodetector. Under the visible/near‐infrared (NIR) light irradiation, the bottom/top of the film generates a higher carrier concentration, where electrons are easier to be separated and transported by the SnO2/PC61BM to the bottom/top electrodes, respectively, resulting in a negative and positive bipolar response. Finally, based on positive NIR signal as the effective signal and negative visible signal as the interference signal, the SOC system is realized, where the positive NIR signal is well hidden by the negative visible signal. This work provides a simple and feasible strategy for fabrication of laminated perovskite films to achieve bipolar response.
2D Hierarchical Microbarcodes with Expanded Storage Capacity for Optical Multiplex and Information Encryption
Authors: Xie Yujie , Tong Zaizai , Xia Tianlai , Worch Joshua C. , Rho Julia Y. , Dove Andrew P. , O'Reilly Rachel K. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe design of nanosegregated fluorescent tags/barcodes by geometrical patterning with precise dimensions and hierarchies could integrate multilevel optical information within one carrier and enhance microsized barcoding techniques for ultrahigh‐density optical data storage and encryption. However, precise control of the spatial distribution in micro/nanosized matrices intrinsically limits the accessible barcoding applications in terms of material design and construction. Here, crystallization forces are leveraged to enable a rapid, programmable molecular packing and rapid epitaxial growth of fluorescent units in 2D via crystallization‐driven self‐assembly. The fluorescence encoding density, scalability, information storage capacity, and decoding techniques of the robust 2D polymeric barcoding platform are explored systematically. These results provide both a theoretical and an experimental foundation for expanding the fluorescence storage capacity, which is a longstanding challenge in state‐of‐the‐art microbarcoding techniques and establish a generalized and adaptable coding platform for high‐throughput analysis and optical multiplexing.
Nearly Ideal Transparency with Artificially Designed Meta‐Atoms
Authors: Wang Chun , Hu Xiaojun , Peng Liang , Tang Jingxin , Ran Lixin , Zhang Shuang , Ye Dexin 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe ideal electromagnetic transparency refers to the ability of an object to remain scatteringless to any incoming waves, resulting in vacuum invisibility. However, natural solid substances can hardly be transparent in free space as they are responsive to external polarizations. Completely eliminating the polarization effect of an obstacle under arbitrary field illumination is a long‐standing scientific challenge. Here, it is shown that a subwavelength meta‐atom can be nearly ideally transparent in the vacuum. The overall vacuum‐like property of the meta‐atom is achieved through judiciously designing its internal polarization and magnetization. Remarkably, any large‐scale objects made by stacking the meta‐atoms inherit the vacuum‐like property and are scatteringless in free space. By both the simulations and experiments, the meta‐atom's peculiar property is reasonably verified. The proposed meta‐atoms are excellent candidates for a wide range of applications, such as perfect radar radomes, scatteringless walls, filtering devices, and self‐stealth materials.
Experimental Realization of Monolayer α‐Tellurene
Authors: Huang Xiaochun , Xiong Rui , Hao Chunxue , Li Wenbin , Sa Baisheng , Wiebe Jens , Wiesendanger Roland 
Published: November 2023

Abstract2D materials emerge as a versatile platform for developing next‐generation devices. The experimental realization of novel artificial 2D atomic crystals, which does not have bulk counterparts in nature, is still challenging and always requires new physical or chemical processes. Monolayer α‐tellurene is predicted to be a stable 2D allotrope of tellurium (Te), which has great potential for applications in high‐performance field‐effect transistors. However, the synthesis of monolayer α‐tellurene remains elusive because of its complex lattice configuration, in which the Te atoms are stacked in tri‐layers in an octahedral fashion. Here, a self‐assemble approach, using three atom‐long Te chains derived from the dynamic non‐equilibrium growth of an a‐Si:Te alloy as building blocks, is reported for the epitaxial growth of monolayer α‐tellurene on a Sb2Te3 substrate. By combining scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy with density functional theory calculations, the surface morphology and electronic structure of monolayer α‐tellurene are revealed and the underlying growth mechanism is determined. The successful synthesis of monolayer α‐tellurene opens up the possibility for the application of this new single‐element 2D material in advanced electronic devices.
Artificial Photosynthetic System with Spatial Dual Reduction Site Enabling Enhanced Solar Hydrogen Production
Authors: Ruan Xiaowen , Meng Depeng , Huang Chengxiang , Xu Minghua , Jiao Dongxu , Cheng Hui , Cui Yi , Li Zhiyun , Ba Kaikai , Xie Tengfeng , Zhang Lei , Zhang Wei , Leng Jing , Jin Shengye , Ravi Sai Kishore , Jiang Zhifeng , Zheng Weitao , Cui Xiaoqiang , Yu Jiaguo 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAlthough S‐scheme artificial photosynthesis shows promise for photocatalytic hydrogen production, traditional methods often overly concentrate on a single reduction site. This limitation results in inadequate redox capability and inefficient charge separation, which hampers the efficiency of the photocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction. To overcome this limitation, a double S‐scheme system is proposed that leverages dual reduction sites, thereby preserving energetic photo‐electrons and holes to enhance apparent quantum efficiency. The design features a double S‐scheme junction consisting of CdS nanospheres decorated with anatase TiO2 nanoparticles coupled with graphitic C3N4. The as‐prepared catalyst exhibits a hydrogen evolution rate of 26.84 mmol g−1 h−1 and an apparent quantum efficiency of 40.2% at 365 nm. This enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen evolution is ascribed to the efficient charge separation and transport induced by the double S‐scheme. Both theoretical calculations and comprehensive spectroscopy tests (both in situ and ex situ) affirm the efficient charge transport across the catalyst interface. Moreover, substituting the reduction‐type catalyst CdS with other similar sulfides like ZnIn2S4, ZnS, MoS2 and In2S3 further confirms the feasibility of the proposed double S‐scheme configuration. The findings provide a pathway to designing more effective double S‐scheme artificial photosynthetic systems, opening up fresh perspectives in enhancing photocatalytic hydrogen evolution performance.
Manipulating Coherent Exciton Dynamics in CsPbI3 Perovskite Quantum Dots Using Magnetic Field
Authors: Gao Kaimin , Li Yuxuan , Yang Yupeng , Liu Yuan , Liu Meng , Liang Wenfei , Zhang Boyu , Wang Lifeng , Zhu Jingyi , Wu Kaifeng 
Published: November 2023

AbstractLead halide perovskite quantum dots (QDs) have recently emerged as a promising material platform for quantum information processing owing to their strong light–matter interaction and relatively long‐lived optical and spin coherences. In particular, the coherence of the fine‐structure bright excitons is sustainable up to room temperature and can be observed even at an ensemble level. Here modulation of the polarization of these excitons in CsPbI3 QDs and manipulation of their time‐domain coherent dynamics using a longitudinal magnetic field are demonstrated. The manipulation is realized using femtosecond quantum beat spectroscopy performed with both circularly‐ and linearly‐polarized pulses. The results are well captured by the density of matrix simulation and are picturized using a Bloch sphere. This study forms the basis for preparing arbitrary coherent superpositions of excitons in perovskite QDs for an array of quantum technologies under near‐ambient conditions.
Rapid Surface Reconstruction in Air‐Processed Perovskite Solar Cells by Blade Coating
Authors: Zhuang Jing , Liu Chunki , Kang Bochun , Cheng Haiyang , Xiao Mingchao , Li Li , Yan Feng 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBlade coating has been developed to be an essential technique for large‐area fabrication of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, effective surface treatment of the perovskite layer, which is a critical step for improving PSC performance, remains challenges during blade coating due to the short interaction time between the modification solution and the perovskite layer, as well as the limited selection of available organic solvents. In this study, a novel modifier N,N‐diphenylguanidine monohydrobromide (DPGABr) dissolved in acetonitrile (ACN) is blade coated on the MA0.7FA0.3PbI3 surface in air to reconstruct the perovskite surface in hundreds of milliseconds. This work finds that the solvent ACN rapidly dissolves organic iodide of the perovskite layer and leads to a PbI2‐rich surface, providing reactive sites for DPGABr to form a thin DPGABr/PbI2 complex layer. This surface reconstruction can effectively passivate defects and induce n‐type doping on the perovskite surface to facilitate electron transfer. The resultant devices show a 15% improvement in average power conversion efficiency. More importantly, the devices with the surface reconstruction show outstanding long‐term stability, with negligible performance degradation even after 1‐year storage in air. This study presents a convenient and effective approach for improving the performance of blade‐coated PSCs prepared in air.
Unlocking Optical Coupling Tunability in Epsilon‐Near‐Zero Metamaterials Through Liquid Crystal Nanocavities
Authors: Lio Giuseppe Emanuele , Ferraro Antonio , Zappone Bruno , Parka Janusz , Schab‐Balcerzak Ewa , Umeton Cesare Paolo , Riboli Francesco , Kowerdziej Rafał , Caputo Roberto 
Published: November 2023

AbstractEpsilon‐near‐zero (ENZ) metamaterials represent a powerful toolkit for selectively transmitting and localizing light through cavity resonances, enabling the study of mesoscopic phenomena and facilitating the design of photonic devices. In this experimental study, it demonstrates the feasibility of engineering and actively controlling cavity modes, as well as tuning their mutual coupling, in an ENZ multilayer structure. Specifically, by employing a high‐birefringence liquid crystal film as a tunable nanocavity, the polarization‐dependent coupling of resonant modes with narrow spectral width and spatial extent is achieved. Surface forces apparatus (SFA) allowed to continuously and precisely control the thickness of the liquid crystal (LC) film contained between the nanocavities and thus vary the detuning between the cavity modes. Hence, it is able to manipulate nanocavities anti‐crossing behaviors. The suggested methodology unlocks the full potential of tunable optical coupling in epsilon‐near‐zero metamaterials and provides a versatile approach to the creation of tunable photonic devices, including bio‐photonic sensors and/or tunable planar metamaterials for on‐chip spectrometers.
Paper‐Based Wearable Patches for Real‐Time, Quantitative Lactate Monitoring
Authors: Ruggeri Elisabetta , Matzeu Giusy , Vergine Andrea , De Nicolao Giuseppe , Omenetto Fiorenzo G. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWearable sensors are establishing themselves as options for real‐time continuous health monitoring in health care and wellness. In particular, the use of flexible interfaces that conform to the skin have attracted considerable interest for the extraction of meaningful pathophysiological information through continuous and painless sampling and analysis of biofluids. In contrast, conventional techniques for biomarkers analysis are difficult to adapt to real‐time portable monitoring due to their invasive sampling protocols, biosample preparation and reagent stabilization. Here a shelf‐stable, non‐invasive, paper‐based colorimetric wearable lactate sensor is reported. This sensor exploits the ability of silk to control the concentration, print, and functionally preserve labile transducing biomolecules in the format of a shelf‐stable digital patch for optical readout. This novel approach overcomes major challenges associated with the commercialization of colorimetric wearable sensors (e.g., enzyme thermal instability, narrow sensing range, low sensitivity, and qualitative response) by showing a combination of unprecedented stability (i.e., up to 2 years in refrigerated conditions), wide sensing range, and high sensitivity. Additionally, real‐time quantitative signal readouts are achieved using machine learning‐driven image analysis enabling physiological status evaluation with a simple smartphone camera.
Spherical Bi4O5I2/MoS2 QDs Nanocomposites Activate Persulfate to Degrade Tetracycline Under Visible Light
Authors: Zhang Yuanyuan , Huang Xunhuai , Zheng Qian , Yang Jinman , Zhai Linzhi , Song Yanhua 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPhotocatalytic activation of persulfate is considered to be a promising purification technology. In this study, a novel nanospherical composite material is synthesized by loading MoS2 Quantum Dots on Bi4O5I2. MoS2 Quantum Dots enhance the activity of the composite material and separation efficiency of electrons and holes. Meanwhile the composite material demonstrates a strong photocurrent response by optoelectronic analysis. In addition, the light absorption range is further expanded. Based on the improvement of photoelectric properties and light absorption performance, the BM0.5%/PS/Vis system exhibits the most excellent performance with a degradation rate of 69.7% for tetracycline within 60 min. The degradation mechanism is verified through free radical capture experiments, the radicals involve in degradation are ·OH, ·SO4−, ·O2− and 1O2. The possible degradation pathway of tetracycline is proposed by liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry (LC‐MS). This work is expected to provide a research direction for the application of modified bismuth halide in PS activation.
3D and Multimodal X‐Ray Microscopy Reveals the Impact of Voids in CIGS Solar Cells
Authors: Fevola Giovanni , Ossig Christina , Verezhak Mariana , Garrevoet Jan , Guthrey Harvey L. , Seyrich Martin , Brückner Dennis , Hagemann Johannes , Seiboth Frank , Schropp Andreas , Falkenberg Gerald , Jørgensen Peter S. , Slyamov Azat , Balogh Zoltan I. , Strelow Christian , Kipp Tobias , Mews Alf , Schroer Christian G. , Nishiwaki Shiro , Carron Romain , Andreasen Jens W. , Stuckelberger Michael E. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractSmall voids in the absorber layer of thin‐film solar cells are generally suspected to impair photovoltaic performance. They have been studied on Cu(In,Ga)Se2 cells with conventional laboratory techniques, albeit limited to surface characterization and often affected by sample‐preparation artifacts. Here, synchrotron imaging is performed on a fully operational as‐deposited solar cell containing a few tens of voids. By measuring operando current and X‐ray excited optical luminescence, the local electrical and optical performance in the proximity of the voids are estimated, and via ptychographic tomography, the depth in the absorber of the voids is quantified. Besides, the complex network of material‐deficit structures between the absorber and the top electrode is highlighted. Despite certain local impairments, the massive presence of voids in the absorber suggests they only have a limited detrimental impact on performance.
Self‐Charged Dual‐Photoelectrode Vanadium–Iron Energy Storage Battery
Authors: Lin Chunkun , Wang Jiangxin , He Hongjiang , Liu Xiutao , Qiu Feilong , Jin Qinwei , Li Hui , Sun Ying , Li Shuo , Zhang Yu , Ma Tianyi 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe efficient utilization of solar energy in battery systems has emerged as a crucial strategy for promoting green and sustainable development. In this study, an innovative dual‐photoelectrode vanadium–iron energy storage battery (Titanium dioxide (TiO2) or Bismuth vanadate (BiVO4) as photoanodes, polythiophene (pTTh) as photocathode, and VO2+/Fe3+ as redox couples.) is proposed, which can autonomously charge under sunlight. The dual‐photoelectrode structure enables the efficient harnessing of solar energy. All processes are spontaneous and do not require external power sources. It is noteworthy that the vanadium–iron energy storage battery demonstrates excellent stability and remarkably low cost. The results show that the combinations of TiO2‐pTTh and BiVO4‐pTTh as photoelectrodes achieve spontaneous conversion rates of 29.17% and 25.46% for VO2+ and 25.6% and 23% for Fe3+ after 4 h of light charging. This study offers a promising solution for the development of large‐scale, low‐cost solar energy storage batteries.
Impact and recovery of water quality in a river with salmon aquaculture
Authors: Cooney Ronan , Tahar Alexandre , Kennedy Alan , Clifford Eoghan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractFreshwater aquaculture can have negative impacts on chemical, physical and biological water quality. To contextualise the impact that these activities may have, a case study site in Ireland was monitored for 1 year. The study aims were to investigate the impact of freshwater aquaculture on water quality (biological, physical, and chemical) and the degree of the impact and recovery in water quality, within 1000 m downstream of a salmon smolt hatchery. The hatchery was monitored, at four locations (upstream, 10, 100, and 1,000 m downstream of the discharge point). Data on macroinvertebrate, macrophyte, hydromorphology and chemical characteristics were collected. Results for the physical monitoring indicated no significant changes in hydromorphology between up and downstream sites. Chemical water quality did decrease downstream in terms of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P). The greatest concentrations in N and P were found at 1000 m though it is likely additional contributions from agriculture impacted this site. Dissolved oxygen was steady throughout the monitoring campaign with a 13% variance between upstream and downstream locations. Changes in biological indices were statistically significant for taxa at all downstream sites. There were positive trends which indicated a degree of recovery in biotic indices.