bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
AI‐assisted warfarin dose optimisation with CURATE.AI for clinical impact: Retrospective data analysis
Authors: Gan Tiffany Rui Xuan , Tan Lester W. J. , Egermark Mathias , Truong Anh T. L. , Kumar Kirthika , Tan Shi‐Bei , Tang Sarah , Blasiak Agata , Goh Boon Cher , Ngiam Kee Yuan , Ho Dean 
Published: February 2025

AbstractBackgroundStandard‐of‐care for warfarin dose titration is conventionally based on physician‐guided drug dosing. This may lead to frequent deviations from target international normalized ratio (INR) due to inter‐ and intra‐patient variability and may potentially result in adverse events including recurrent thromboembolism and life‐threatening hemorrhage.ObjectivesWe aim to employ CURATE.AI, a small‐data, artificial intelligence‐derived platform that has been clinically validated in a range of indications, to optimize and guide warfarin dosing.Patients/methodsA personalized CURATE.AI response profile was generated using warfarin dose (inputs) and corresponding change in INR between two consecutive days (phenotypic outputs) and used to identify and recommend an optimal dose to achieve target treatment outcomes. CURATE.AI's predictive performance was then evaluated with a set of metrics that assessed both technical performance and clinical relevance.Results and conclusionsIn this retrospective study of 127 patients, CURATE.AI fared better in terms of Percentage Absolute Prediction Error and Percentage Prediction Error of 20% compared to other models in the literature. It also had negligible underprediction bias, potentially translating into lower bleeding risk. Modeled potential time in therapeutic range with CURATE.AI was not significantly different from physician‐guided dosing, so it is on‐par yet provides a systematic approach to warfarin dosing, easing the mental‐burden on guesswork by physicians.This study lays the groundwork for the prospective study of CURATE.AI as a clinical decision support system. CURATE.AI may facilitate the effective use of affordable warfarin with a well‐established safety profile, without the need for costly, new oral anticoagulants. This can have significant impact both on the individual and public health.
Nucleic Acid Drugs in Radiotherapy
Authors: Yang Yuying , Yang Cai , Deng Kai , Xiao Yating , Liu Xiangsheng , Du Zhen 
Published: February 2025

AbstractRadiotherapy remains a cornerstone of cancer treatment, using high‐energy radiation to induce DNA damage in tumor cells, leading to cell death. However, its efficacy is often hindered by challenges such as radiation resistance and side effects. As a powerful class of functional molecules, nucleic acid drugs (NADs) present a promising solution to these limitations. Engineered to target key pathways like DNA repair and tumor hypoxia, NADs can enhance radiotherapy sensitivity. NADs can also serve as delivery vehicles for radiotherapy agents such as radionuclides, improving targeting accuracy and minimizing side effects. This review explores the role of NADs in optimizing radiotherapy, highlighting their mechanisms, clinical applications, and synergies with radiotherapy, ultimately offering a promising strategy for improving patient outcomes in cancer therapy.
Size, Shape, and Composition Control of Metallic Colloidal Nanoparticles for the Design of Heterogeneous Catalysts
Authors: Gioria Esteban , d'Alnoncourt Raoul Naumann , Thomas Arne , Rosowski Frank 
Published: February 2025

AbstractMetal‐supported catalysts play a pivotal role in various industrial processes, yet conventional preparation methods such as impregnation or coprecipitation lack precision in controlling critical parameters like particle size, morphology, and composition. Colloidal synthesis proved to be an excellent route for the rational adjustment of these parameters, allowing to establish structure‐performance correlations for smart catalyst design. This review explores the common strategies employed for the fine tuning of size, shape, and composition of colloidal nanoparticles used as heterogeneous catalysts. Since the colloidal route involves the use of stabilizing agents, different strategies for their removal are discussed together with insights into their effects in catalysis. Furthermore, common strategies for the deposition of preformed nanoparticles are presented. In addition, the modifications in geometric and electronic properties and their impact on the catalytic properties are described. To conclude, current applications, challenges, and future perspectives of metal‐supported nanoparticles as heterogenous catalysts are discussed.
Lumos: A β‐Diketone‐Derived Artificial Nucleobase Forming Inter‐Strand Complexes in DNA that Promote Lanthanoid Ion Luminescence
Authors: Bardehle Carla , Hebenbrock Marian , Hepp Alexander , Müller Jens 
Published: February 2025

AbstractA novel artificial nucleobase, 1‐(3‐(hydroxymethyl)phenyl)‐3‐phenylpropane‐1,3‐dione (HdbmOR), containing a β‐diketone designed to form inter‐strand complexes that resemble metal‐mediated base pairs, was synthesized and characterized towards its lanthanoid ion binding properties. Based on UV/vis spectra, a (labile) coordination of EuIII and SmIII by the benzyl‐functionalized model ligand is proposed, allowing the detection of distinct luminescence patterns upon coordination under alkaline conditions. The compatibility of the nucleoside analog with automated solid‐phase DNA synthesis was proven by the generation of a dinucleotide. NMR spectroscopic characterization of this dinucleotide revealed a temperature‐dependent equilibrium of two conformers, which likely involve hydrogen bonding of the β‐diketone moiety and the deoxyribose and/or phosphate moieties. The antenna effect of the new ligand promoting the luminescence of EuIII is retained upon incorporation into DNA. Modification of a parallel‐stranded DNA duplex with a terminal homo base pair of HdbmOR allows, despite natural fraying of DNA, a thermal stabilization of about 3 °C upon coordination of EuIII or SmIII. Temperature‐dependent luminescence spectroscopy demonstrates a direct correlation between the thermal stability of the duplex and its luminescence intensity. The ligand extends the library of artificial nucleobases for lanthanoid‐mediated base pairs, combining the luminescence properties of lanthanoid complexes with the self‐assembly properties of DNA.
Determination of Boron Content in Surface Paintings From Historical Stained‐Glass Windows
Authors: Maestro‐Guijarro Laura , Sedano Mercedes , Schibille Nadine , Pradell Trinitat , Castillejo Marta , Oujja Mohamed , Palomar Teresa 
Published: February 2025

AbstractStained‐glass windows are often painted with grisailles and enamels. These glassy materials have a low melting temperature and are fixed to the base glass by firing processes. Lead and/or boron are commonly added to the painting material to lower their melting temperature so that they can melt without deforming the glass support. In the present study, model glass samples (with well‐known boron content), replica and historical materials were analysed for their composition using Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (LA‐ICP‐MS) and Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS). The imprint left on the analysed samples after laser irradiation was observed using optical profilometry. The feasibility of using LIBS in situ as a suitable quantitative analytical technique to detect the presence of boron in historical enamels even in very small quantities was assessed. Quantitative information on historical Spanish enamels and grisailles was obtained from calibration curves generated from the model glass samples with known boron content. The proposed procedure enables a satisfactory chemical quantitative study of historical glass materials in situ, regardless of their size, provenance, and chronology.
High‐Throughput and Automated Anion Transport Assays
Authors: Yang Kylie , Lee Lana C. , Kotak Hiral A. , Morton Evelyn R. , Chee Soo Mei , Nguyen Duy P. M. , Keskküla Alvaro , Haynes Cally J. E. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractIon transport across biological lipid membranes is crucial for both health and disease, prompting investigation into synthetic ion transporters as potential therapeutics. However, state of the art methods for assessing transporter activity are often time‐consuming and resource‐intensive, hindering the screening of large compound libraries. In this work we have developed an automated high‐throughput assay capable of determining 24 EC50 values in a single day. This assay, adapted from the established lucigenin Cl−/NO3− antiport method, has been optimised for multi‐well plates with fully automated liquid handling. Notably, our protocol allows for the use of DMSO as a delivery solvent for target molecules, enhancing its versatility. Validation with six standard ion transporters demonstrated a strong correlation between the EC50 values obtained through our assay and previously reported values, confirming its efficacy and potential for broader applications in the field of ion transport.
Comparative Analysis Between Recursive Least Squares State Space (RLSS) and Nonlinear Least Squares (NLS) Methods for Parameter Identification in Buck Converters Applied to Solar Energy Systems
Authors: Silva Crivellari André Luiz , Ferreira Leão André Salume Lima , dos Santos Junior Bartolomeu F. , Francisco Coelho Roberto , Schmitz Lenon , Cruz Martins Denizar , dos Santos Walbermark M. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThe lifespan of a converter depends on the reliability of its components. In non‐redundant designs like buck converters, a single component failure can shut down the circuit. Capacitors are most prone to failure compared to inductors and semiconductors. Monitoring parameters like equivalent series resistance, rather than relying on manual data, helps assess a converter's useful life. This article compares two parameter estimation methods: recursive state space and non‐linear least squares. The R2 value and residuals analysis ensure the results are reliable and correlate well with real converter values.
A Qualitative Study of the Lived Treatment Experiences of Women With an Eating Disorder and Comorbid Borderline Personality Disorder
Authors: Miller Alexia E. , Hotte‐Meunier Adèle , Bain Tayla , Macdonald Erin P. , Steiger Howard , Racine Sarah E. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTObjectiveHaving both an eating disorder (ED) and borderline personality disorder (BPD) is associated with heightened clinical complexity, high levels of distress, and challenges in treatment. This study sought to qualitatively investigate the experiences of women with an ED and comorbid BPD as they undergo ED treatment, aiming to better understand factors that shape their perceptions of care.MethodsFourteen women with both an ED and BPD in treatment at a public‐sector ED clinic were recruited to participate in an open‐ended qualitative interview about their lived treatment experiences.ResultsFive overarching themes (with seven subthemes) emerged from the qualitative analysis: (1) Difficulties with emotions as a key factor underlying both ED and BPD; (2) Perceptions of BPD in ED maintenance and treatment; (3) Relational dynamics in treatment; (4) Treatment is “never enough”; and (5) The importance of treating the ED and BPD together.DiscussionThis study highlights the lived experiences of women with both an ED and BPD. Patients expressed the need for ED treatment to target emotion dysregulation, interpersonal difficulties, and their attachment to their therapists and to treatment. This study provides insights into the experiences of patients with BPD of ED treatment that may help guide the approach to care in such individuals.
Mean plant toxicity modulates the effects of plant defense variability
Authors: Pan Vincent S. , Gilbert Kadeem J. , Wetzel William C. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractPlant trait variation is thought to suppress herbivore performance, but experiments typically manipulate only a single mean level of the trait. We manipulated the mean and variation of the concentration of a plant toxin in a model plant–herbivore system across three field and greenhouse experiments. Plants with leaves painted with a higher mean toxin concentration exhibited increased fitness and resistance to herbivores; however, at high mean concentrations, variation reduced the defensive effect, while at lower mean concentrations, variation enhanced it. This reversal aligns with models that include herbivore food selectivity, but our simulations revealed that the benefits of food selectivity for herbivores were minimal. Instead, nonlinear averaging and physiological tracking effects likely drove patterns in plant fitness and resistance to herbivores. We suggest that high defense variation in plants may be a widespread defensive phenotype, but for well‐defended plants, variation may inadvertently promote herbivore niche expansion.
The Influence of Design Parameters on the Operational Energy Carbon Emissions of a Commercial Building in Pakistan
Authors: Khan Fakhre Alam , Aashan Muhammad , Azhar Muhammad , Ahmad Farooq , Saad Muhammad , Ullah Zahid 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBuildings are responsible for 37% of CO2 emissions and 36% of energy use worldwide, making them significant contributors to both energy use and carbon emissions, due to which building energy efficiency is currently a top priority for regional, national, and global energy policy. This study evaluates building design features, such as window wall ratio (WWR), orientation, and shading coefficient (SC) for its single‐, low‐E double‐, and low‐E triple‐glazed windows. The building analyzed in this study is a hypothetical commercial building located in Lahore, Pakistan (ASHRAE zone 1B). The results show that compared to unglazed windows with a SC of 0.2 and 0.3, peak cooling total load (PCTL) and CO2 emissions are reduced by 17.84% and 17%, respectively, for single‐glazed windows. Similarly, low‐E double‐glazed windows reduce 21.3% and 20.9% in PCTL and CO2 emissions, while low‐E triple‐glazed windows result in reductions of 21.8% and 21.1%, respectively. Reducing the WWR from 15.14% to 4.94% results in a 5.35% reduction in PCTL and CO2 emissions. Moreover, Using the optimized orientation of the building (180° clockwise from north) further decreases PCTL and CO2 emissions by 8.63%. This analysis concludes that significant energy and environmental gains can be achieved by higher‐quality windows, utilizing optimized orientation, and reducing the WWR. In addition to ensuring long‐term cost savings, this strategic approach promotes a more sustainable and environmentally friendly future for future generations.
Study on biomass adsorption‐enhanced steam gasification for hydrogen production based on dual‐effect catalyst
Authors: Xie Huaqing , Qin Mengxin , Yu Zhenyu , Wang Kun , Guo Rui , Shao Zhengri , Zhao Xi , Li Rongquan 
Published: February 2025

AbstractIn this study, in order to achieve CO2 capture under high‐temperature conditions and obtain hydrogen from biomass, a dual‐effect catalyst Ni(x)‐Na2ZrO3, possessing both catalytic and high‐temperature CO2 adsorption capabilities, was prepared and applied in the biomass steam reforming reaction. The investigation focused on the impact of gasification temperature, steam to carbon (S/C) ratio, and Ni loading ratio on the production of hydrogen‐rich syngas via biomass enhanced steam gasification over the catalysts. By thermogravimetric analysis, the catalyst exhibited a remarkable high‐temperature CO2 adsorption capability at 900°C and cyclic stability. The orthogonal experiment was conducted for the reaction characteristics of the biomass adsorption‐enhanced steam gasification over the dual‐effect Ni(x)‐Na2ZrO3 catalyst. Through the analysis of the fitting formula, the catalyst successfully demonstrated promotional effect on the biomass reforming reaction. When the gasification temperature was 950°C, S/C ratio was 9 and Ni loading ratio was 7.7 wt%, the hydrogen yield reached 0.95 m3/kg, and carbon deposition rate was almost 0.
Chemical Fingerprinting, Anti‐Inflammatory, and Antioxidant Potential of Hydroethanolic Extract of Aesculus indica
Authors: Fatima Hina , Shahid Muhammad , Fatima Sana , Mills Paul J. , Pruitt Chris , Pung Meredith A. , Riaz Muhammad , Ashraf Rizwan , Akter Quzi Sharmin 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTAesculus indica is a remarkable species from Sapindaceae family, traditionally used for the treatment of various ailments due to the presence of a variety of bioactive compounds. The present study was planned to evaluate the chemical characterization, anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant potential of hydroethanolic extract of A. indica using in vitro and in vivo approaches. A. indica fruit was extracted with a hydroethanolic (70% v/v) solution, filtered, concentrated on a rotary evaporator and crude extract was obtained. In vitro anti‐inflammatory potential of A. indica was carried out against peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and a whole blood assay (WBA). Effects of A. indica extracts on proinflammatory cytokines (TNF‐α, IFN‐gamma, IL‐6, IL‐1β) and inflammatory mediators (NF‐κB, NO and PGE2) concentration in the supernatant of PBMCs and WBA were evaluated using commercial ELISA kits. In vivo anti‐inflammatory potential of A. indica hydroethanolic extract was evaluated with carrageenan‐induced paw edema in rats. A total of 36 different compounds (mostly phenolics) were detected in A. indica extract with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and UHPCL‐QTOF‐MS/MS. The extract showed very low cytotoxicity with an IC50 value of 483.68 μg/mL and significantly reduced the levels of proinflammatory cytokines and inflammatory mediators in both PBMCs and WBA models. Furthermore, the extract also effectively inhibited the paw edema by carrageenan in the 2nd hour at 400 mg/kg (73%). Histopathological analysis of rat paw tissue showed significant reduction of cellular infiltration and decrease in swelling of epidermis and dermis by A. indica extracts. The level of enzymatic antioxidants such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and Catalase (CAT), lipid peroxidation like malondialdehyde (MDA), oxidative stress parameters including total antioxidant status (TAS) and total oxidant status (TOS) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity in rat paw tissues were significantly altered after treatment. The combined findings provide evidence that hydroethanolic extract of A. indica is a potential source of bioactive compounds with significant anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant activities.
The Concept of Neuroglia ‐ the State of the Art Circa 1900
Authors: Kettenmann Helmut , Ugursu Bilge , Ransom Bruce R. , Steinhäuser Christian 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTGlial cells were first defined by Rudolf Virchow in 1856. About 40 years later, glial research had developed into a field distinct from the mainstream study of neurons as the central elements governing brain function. By that time, substantial knowledge about the properties of glial cells had accumulated, exemplified by five important publications by four distinguished investigators: Gustav Retzius, Michael von Lenhossek, Carl Weigert, and Hans Held. These treatises broadly summarized what was known about glial cells, comparing findings from leeches to humans. Practically speaking, these articles represent the foundation of our current knowledge. All five contributions were published in German, which at the time was one of the dominant languages for scientific exchange. This article summarizes and comments on their findings and thus provides insight into what was known about glial cells at that time. More importantly, in the Supporting Information, we provide English translations and original scans of these five publications, making them accessible to an international readership.
The economic benefits, energy use efficiency, and carbon footprint of fragrant super rice and nonfragrant super rice under different planting methods and nitrogen levels
Authors: Zheng Jiewen , Lin Li , Li Yuzhan , Wang Zaiman , Tang Xiangru , Pan Shenggang , Mo Zhaowen 
Published: February 2025

AbstractBackgroundThe objective of this study was to investigate the input and output of energy, carbon input and sequestration, and economic benefits of fragrant and nonfragrant rice under different crop management practices, with the aim of providing theoretical guidance for sustainable rice production. Two high‐yield and popular rice varieties, Yuxiangyouzhan and Jiyou615, were grown under three nitrogen fertilizer levels (0, 150, and 220 kg ha−1) and three planting methods (manual transplanting, mechanical transplanting, and mechanical direct seeding) during 2018 and 2019.ResultsThe results showed that the economic, energy, and carbon benefits of the different rice varieties varied in response to the different fertilizations and planting methods. The average energy outputs of Yuxiangyouzhan and Jiyou615 were 214 423.26 and 218 474.90 MJ ha−1, respectively. The mean harvest index and mean energy use efficiency of Jiyou615 were slightly greater, at 4.21% and 3.93%, respectively, than those of Yuxiangyouzhan, while the mean carbon input–sequestration ratio of Yuxiangyouzhan was slightly greater, at 1.79%, than that of Jiyou615. Yuxiangyouzhan had a significantly greater mean benefit–cost ratio (5.76%) than Jiyou615. In addition, Yuxiangyouzhan had a significantly greater mean nominal economic return on energy input (12.21%), nominal economic return on energy output (13.20%), nominal economic return on carbon input (12.65%), and nominal economic return on carbon sequestration (11.31%) than Jiyou615.ConclusionThe results suggest that suitable high‐yield and high‐quality varieties with better consumer demand and the synergistic effect of variety and crop management in sustainable rice production are highly meaningful. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.
First Case of Tracheobronchopathia Osteochondroplastica in an 82‐Year‐Old Patient From Saudi Arabia
Authors: Albitar Mohammed Hady , Mariyam Nida , Albitar Seba , Warrar Reem , Sultan Anas , Chaudhry Sarmad , AlMahmoud Abdullah 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundTracheobronchopathia osteochondroplastica (TPO) is a benign tracheobronchial disorder characterized by the presence of osseous or cartilaginous nodules, typically affecting the proximal large airways while sparing the posterior membranous trachea. Around 600 cases has been documented worldwide for this rare disorder. While most cases are asymptomatic, some patients may exhibit symptoms such as dyspnea and chronic cough. These symptoms could be attributed to either the ulceration of the nodules or the onset of an acute infection. As it is a vague and rare disease, TPO goes undiagnosed in most cases.Case DescriptionThis case represents an 82‐year‐old male with ischemic cardiomyopathy and a history of colon cancer who presented with a six‐month history of mild hemoptysis, occasional cough, and wheezing. Laboratory tests were normal except for a positive PPD test. Imaging showed tracheal thickening with nodularity and calcification, and bronchoscopy confirmed the diagnosis. The patient was managed with symptomatic treatment and close follow‐up. Over 2 years, he remained stable, experiencing only two self‐limiting hemoptysis episodes with resolution of other symptoms.ConclusionThis is the first case of TPO reported in Saudi Arabia. Given its nonspecific presentation, clinicians consider TPO as a differential diagnosis for patients with recurrent respiratory symptoms that do not respond to standard medical treatment.Level of Evidence4.