bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on the prevalence and genotype distribution of HPV infection in Beijing, China
Authors: Yi Jie , Li Xu , Zhang Rui , Kong Lingjun , Wang Ziyi , Yu Qi , Zhang Han , Chen Binghan , Li Sabrina , Xu Yingchun , Chen Yu 
Published: October 2023

AbstractHuman papillomavirus (HPV) is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections nationwide. The COVID‐19 pandemic has greatly influenced on the HPV prevention project. The objective of this study was to examine the influence of the pandemic on HPV prevalence and genotype distribution in Beijing, China. A total of 44 401 genital swabs were obtained from outpatients at Peking Union Medical College Hospital during two distinct periods: the prepandemic stage from January 2017 to December 2019 and the pandemic stage from January 2020 to December 2022. During the prepandemic and pandemic stages, a total of 33 531 and 10 870 swabs were respectively collected. Fifteen high‐risk HPV (HR‐HPV) DNA type and a combination of two low‐risk (LR‐HPV) types (6/11) of genital swabs were detected to compare the HPV infection rates and genotype distributions in two stages. The results showed that the pandemic period witnessed a decrease in the overall HPV infection rate from 33.43% (11 245/33 531) to 29.43% (5527/18 780) compared to the prepandemic. There were statistically significant differences in infection rates between females and males (p < 0.05). Single infection was the predominant type while multiple infection was more prevalent in males than females in both prepandemic and pandemic periods. HR‐HPV infection constituted the majority of infections and cannot be disregarded. The distribution of HR‐HPV genotypes exhibited little variation before and after the outbreak, but there were some differences between females and males. HPV 16, 52, 58, 56, and 66 were the most commonly detected genotypes in females, whereas HPV 16, 52, 51, 58, and 18 were frequently detected in males. Additionally, HPV 6/11 exhibited a higher prevalence in males than in females. Notably, the age group of 31−40 years old exhibited the highest prevalence of HPV and the lowest infection rate was detected among individuals aged ≤20 years (p < 0.05), which remained relatively consistent before and during the pandemic. These findings underscore the importance of monitoring the trend of HPV epidemic and offer valuable insights for the prevention, treatment, and scientific investigation of HPV in the post‐COVID‐19 era.
Persistent steatosis correlates with decreased fibrosis regression during anti‐HBV treatment in patients with chronic HBV infection
Authors: Zhang Mengyang , Chen Shuyan , Wu Xiaoning , Zhou Jialing , Wang Tailing , Liu Hui , Zhao Xinyan , Wang Bingqiong , Zhao Xinyu , Kong Yuanyuan , Soon Gwyneth Shook Ting , Ou Xiaojuan , Jia Jidong , Chen Wei , Sun Yameng , You Hong 
Published: October 2023

AbstractDespite the increasing prevalence of steatosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB), whether the changes in steatosis impact fibrosis regression during antiviral therapy remain unclear. We aimed to identify the association between histological changes of steatosis and fibrosis in patients undergone antiviral treatment. Patients with paired liver biopsies before and after 78 weeks of antiviral therapy were enrolled in this study. Liver fibrosis was assessed by the Ishak score combined with Beijing Classification predominantly progressive, indeterminate, and predominately regressive score. Steatosis was evaluated by the nonalcoholic fatty liver disease activity score. Collagen in each site was quantitated by second harmonic generation/two photon excitation fluorescence technology. Serum proteomic changes after treatment were characterized by mass‐based spectrometry. A total of 239 CHB patients were included and divided into four groups according to the changes in steatosis: 162 (67.8%) had no steatosis throughout, 24 (10.0%) developed new‐onset steatosis, 21 (8.8%) had initial steatosis which disappeared, and 32 (13.4%) had persistent steatosis. The persistent steatosis group showed the lowest rate of fibrosis regression (14/32, 43.8%). Persistent steatosis correlated with decreased fibrosis regression significantly after adjusting for age, sex, fibrosis stage, and metabolic factors at baseline, as well as the viral response (adjusted odds ratio = 0.380, 95% confidence interval 0.145–0.996, p = 0.049). This decreased fibrosis regression was associated with accumulated collagen in the perisinusoidal area. Patients with persistent steatosis showed unique changes in glycolipid metabolism according to the serum proteomic atlas. Persistent steatosis correlated with decreased fibrosis regression during antiviral therapy in patients with CHB.
Subunit vaccine raised against the SARS‐CoV‐2 spike of Delta and Omicron variants
Authors: Feng Sheng , Fan Zechang , Zhou Keyue , Ma Shanshan , Liang Mingzheng , Zhang He , Xie Yubiao , Ha Zhuo , Jin Ningyi , Lu Huijun 
Published: October 2023

AbstractVaccination has proven effective against SARS‐CoV‐2 infection but vaccines were originally based on the wild type and emerging variants have led to a decrease in protective efficacy. There is an urgent need for broad‐spectrum vaccine protection against emerging variants. A vaccine based on the Delta strain spike protein was created by optimization of vector, codon, and protein structure to produce a subunit immunogen (Delta‐6P‐S) containing six proline mutations, stable pre‐fusion conformation, and with high expression in CHO‐S cells. Immunogenicity and protective efficacy were evaluated in mice and golden hamsters using alum adjuvant. The Delta‐6P‐S recombinant protein induced strong immune responses in C57BL/6J mice and golden hamsters and sera had cross‐neutralization activity and neutralized wild type and Beta, Delta, Omicron BA.1, BA.2, and BA.5 variant strains. Golden hamsters were immunized against Delta, Omicron BA.1, and BA.2 variants. Viral RNA detected from throat swabs, lungs and tracheas decreased significantly in vaccine‐inoculated animals relative to alum‐treated controls and no infectious viruses were detected in lungs and tracheas. Almost no pathological damage to lung tissue was found in vaccinated animals by contrast with those treated only with alum. The Delta‐6P‐S recombinant protein rapidly eliminated replicating virus in the upper and lower airways of golden hamsters and merits further investigation as a candidate anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccine.
Spatiotemporal cluster of mpox in men who have sex with men: A modeling study in 83 countries
Authors: Shang Weijing , Cao Guiying , Wu Yu , Kang Liangyu , Wang Yaping , Gao Peng , Liu Jue , Liu Min 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMpox outbroke globally during 2022–2023, with more than 90% of cases occurring in men who have sex with men (MSM). However, the spatiotemporal distribution of mpox is not well established yet. This study aimed to explore the spatiotemporal clustering of mpox cases in MSM worldwide. We obtained the numbers of mpox cases from Our World in Data, the number of MSM from the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS), UNAIDS DATA 2021 and UNAIDS Global AIDS Update 2022 and literature. We evaluated the spatiotemporal cluster of mpox in MSM using retrospective space–time analyses method. The total number of mpox cases was 85 795 during May 1, 2022 to March 31, 2023. The most likely cluster was Spain (likelihood ratio = 4764.97; p < 0.001), with a cluster period from July 26 to August 14, 2022. There were 11 secondary clusters, which included 46 countries located in western Europe, eastern and northern South America, northern Europe, Canada, Central Africa, southern and central Europe, Latin America, Turkey, Dominican Republic, New Zealand, and Australia. The findings may inform current and future control strategies of mpox and might provide references for the identification of the spatiotemporal distribution of new and emerging infectious diseases in specific populations.
Assessment of alterations in the retina and vitreous in pre‐ and post‐COVID‐19 patients using swept‐source optical coherence tomography and angiography: A comparative study
Authors: Gao Yuzhu , Zhang Yifan , Mou Kefan , Liu Yilin , Chen Qing , Man Shulei , Xu Hanyue , Zhou Jiaming , Wang Ting , Li Yating , Chen Yi , Zhang Ming 
Published: October 2023

AbstractOcular manifestations have been well recognized in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) outbreak. Several studies have detected ocular manifestations in patients after COVID‐19. However, little is known about the retinal and vitreal alterations in patients before and after COVID‐19 infection. This study aimed to investigate the retinal and vitreal alterations in patients before and after contracting COVID‐19 infection using swept‐source optical coherence tomography (SS‐OCT) and angiography (SS‐OCTA). A total of 38 participants (76 eyes) were enrolled and followed‐up 1 month after COVID‐19 infection. Then, 26 patients (52 eyes) were evaluated 3 months after COVID‐19 infection. Compared with the pre‐COVID‐19 status, patients with 1‐ and 3‐month post‐COVID‐19 statuses had significant thinning of ganglion cell and inner plexiform layer, thickening of inner nuclear layer, a decrease in the vessel density (VD) of superficial vascular complex, and an increase in the VD of deep vascular complex. Meanwhile, alteration in parameters of foveal avascular zone (all p < 0.05) and hyper‐reflective dots in the vitreous of 27 patients (54 eyes) (71.1% vs. pre‐COVID‐19, 34.2%, p = 0.006) were observed. These findings suggest significantly retinal and vitreal alterations occurred in patients after COVID‐19 infection, possibly due to direct or indirect virus‐induced injuries. Further longitudinal studies are required to investigate the long‐term effects of COVID‐19 infection on the human eyes.
Higher‐order comparative reward processing is affected by noninvasive stimulation of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex
Authors: Kroker Thomas , Rehbein Maimu Alissa , Wyczesany Miroslaw , Bölte Jens , Roesmann Kati , Wessing Ida , Junghöfer Markus 
Published: October 2023

AbstractA crucial skill, especially in rapidly changing environments, is to be able to learn efficiently from prior rewards or losses and apply this acquired knowledge in upcoming situations. Often, we must weigh the risks of different options and decide whether an option is worth the risk or whether we should choose a safer option. The ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) is suggested as a major hub for basic but also higher‐order reward processing. Dysfunction in this region has been linked to cognitive risk factors for depression and behavioral addictions, including reduced optimism and feedback learning. Here, we test whether modulations of vmPFC excitability via noninvasive transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) can alter reward anticipation and reward processing. In a financial gambling task, participants chose between a higher and a lower monetary risk option and eventually received feedback whether they won or lost. Simultaneously feedback on the unchosen option was presented as well. Behavioral and magnetoencephalographic correlates of reward processing were evaluated in direct succession of either excitatory or inhibitory tDCS of the vmPFC. We were able to show modulated reward approach behavior (expectancy of greater reward magnitudes) as well as altered reevaluation of received feedback by vmPFC tDCS as indicated by modified choice behavior following the feedback. Thereby, tDCS not only influenced early, rather basic reward processing, but it also modulated higher‐order comparative feedback evaluation of gains and losses relative to alternative outcomes. The neural results underline this idea, as stimulation‐driven modulations of the basic reward‐related effect occurred at rather early time intervals and were followed by stimulation effects related to comparative reward processing. Importantly, behavioral ratings were correlated with neural activity in left frontal areas. Our results imply a dual function of the vmPFC consisting of approaching reward (as indicated by more risky choices) and elaborately evaluating outcomes. In addition, our data suggest that vmPFC activity is associated with adaptive decision‐making in the future via modulated behavioral adaptation or reinforcement learning.
Understanding the role of the NMDA receptor subunit, GluN2D, in mediating NMDA receptor antagonist‐induced behavioral disruptions in male and female mice
Authors: Vinnakota Chitra , Schroeder Anna , Du Xin , Ikeda Kazutaka , Ide Soichiro , Mishina Masayoshi , Hudson Matthew , Jones Nigel Charles , Sundram Suresh , Hill Rachel Anne 
Published: October 2023

AbstractNoncompetitive NMDA receptor (NMDAR) antagonists like phencyclidine (PCP) and ketamine cause psychosis‐like symptoms in healthy humans, exacerbate schizophrenia symptoms in people with the disorder, and disrupt a range of schizophrenia‐relevant behaviors in rodents, including hyperlocomotion. This is negated in mice lacking the GluN2D subunit of the NMDAR, suggesting the GluN2D subunit mediates the hyperlocomotor effects of these drugs. However, the role of GluN2D in mediating other schizophrenia‐relevant NMDAR antagonist‐induced behavioral disturbances, and in both sexes, is unclear. This study aimed to investigate the role of the GluN2D subunit in mediating schizophrenia‐relevant behaviors induced by a range of NMDA receptor antagonists. Using both male and female GluN2D knockout (KO) mice, we examined the effects of the NMDAR antagonist's PCP, the S‐ketamine enantiomer (S‐ket), and the ketamine metabolite R‐norketamine (R‐norket) on locomotor activity, anxiety‐related behavior, and recognition and short‐term spatial memory. GluN2D‐KO mice showed a blunted locomotor response to R‐norket, S‐ket, and PCP, a phenotype present in both sexes. GluN2D‐KO mice of both sexes showed an anxious phenotype and S‐ket, R‐norket, and PCP showed anxiolytic effects that were dependent on sex and genotype. S‐ket disrupted spatial recognition memory in females and novel object recognition memory in both sexes, independent of genotype. This datum identifies a role for the GluN2D subunit in sex‐specific effects of NMDAR antagonists and on the differential effects of the R‐ and S‐ket enantiomers.
Analysis of localized features during wet and dry rainfall episodes over southern tip of India
Authors: Resmi E. A. , Preethi B. , Ajayamohan R. S. , Ray Pallav , Unnikrishnan C. K. , Nita S. , Sumesh R. K. , Dharmadas J. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe large spatial and temporal variability of wet and dry spells of the Indian Summer Monsoon (ISM) poses the great challenge in understanding and predicting monsoonal rainfall. This challenge is further exacerbated over smaller regions, such as the southern tip of India, which receives the first spell of ISM rainfall. In this study, the characteristic features and possible precursors for wet and dry spells of rainfall over the southern tip of India are investigated. We also explore the variability in monsoon low‐level jet (LLJ) in relation to wet and dry spells over a coastal station Thiruvananthapuram (8.48°N, 76.95°E) in southwest India using in situ observations and other ancillary datasets. The results show that a wet spell spanning 3–4 days contributes about 30% of seasonal rainfall. Wet spells are characterized by westerly wind anomaly in the southern tip of India and easterly wind anomaly in northern India, leading to anomalous cyclonic vorticity over the Indian subcontinent. The opposite happens during dry spells. These characteristics are prominent from 2 days prior to the initiation of the spells, suggesting they may be used as precursors for forecasting wet and dry spells over Thiruvananthapuram. Analysis of low‐ to mid‐tropospheric (2 and 4 km) humidity reveals significant moistening (drying) during wet (dry) spells. Yet, both wet and dry spells experience humid (>80%) boundary layer. The differences in mid‐level humidity and thermodynamical structures between wet and dry spells seem to contribute to distinct rainfall characteristics over the southern tip of India. These results indicate that the use of in situ observations along with large‐scale reanalysis datasets may provide valuable information on the precursors for wet and dry spells over the southern tip of India, which can help both in regional‐ and city‐level planning and management of water resources.
Vibrational Raman modes of alamosite (PbSiO3): Combining density functional theory calculations and in situ temperature experiments
Authors: Pena R. B. , Cunha T. R. , Gomes E. O. , Sampaio D. V. , Rodrigues A. D. , Andrés J. , Pizani P. S. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractRaman vibrational modes, temperature wavenumber coefficients, and isobaric‐mode Grüneisen parameters of the monoclinic alamosite (PbSiO3) have been pioneeringly characterized by combining density functional theory calculation and in situ unpolarized Raman measurements. No structural phase transition was observed, corroborating the thermal stability of the monoclinic phase until 1000 K.
Palmoplantar keratoderma climactericum successfully treated with topical oestrogen
Authors: Norman T. E. , Obed O. , Chen A. , Worswick S. D. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractKeratoderma climactericum is characterized by palmoplantar hyperkeratosis developing after the onset of menopause. Although rare, keratoderma climactericum can profoundly impact quality of life and may be refractory to prescription‐strength topical steroids and keratolytics. We report a 52‐year‐old female with a 1‐year history of palmoplantar keratoderma. She had a medical history of generalized anxiety disorder and had reached menopause 2 years before presentation. Previously failed treatments included clotrimazole 1% cream twice daily, triamcinolone 0.1% cream twice daily, and betamethasone 0.05% cream mixed with tazarotene 0.1% cream twice daily. She was diagnosed with keratoderma climactericum, and conjugated oestrogen 0.625 mg/g cream twice daily was initiated. After 4 weeks, she had dramatically reduced erythema and hyperkeratosis of her bilateral palms and soles. No adverse effects to treatment were reported. Although the utility of topical oestrogen for keratoderma climactericum has been debated, our case provides further evidence for its efficacy and safety.
Is it FOMO or is it ME? The influence of personality traits on cryptocurrency consumption
Authors: Anaza Nwamaka A. , Upadhyaya Bhaskar , Bennett Delancy , Ruvalcaba Cecilia 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWhy do consumers invest in cryptocurrency despite its sharp increases and decreases in value? While it seems rational that such volatility should increase consumers' fear of investment, we posit that the fear of missing out (FOMO) on the possible positive returns negates such. Further, this study explores the impact that consumers personality traits, using the big five model, has on FOMO when predicting consumers purchase intentions of cryptocurrencies. Additionally, while consumer behaviorists theorize that information search is an important aspect of the consumer decision making process, marketers have yet to integrate consumers degree of cryptocurrency knowledge as a conditional factor that influences their cryptocurrency purchase behavior. Grounded in trait and prospect theory, we employ a repeated cross‐sectional sampling design to investigate these relationships in a bear and bull market. An analysis of the data from 444 and 250 respondents suggests that FOMO predicts the likelihood of investing in cryptocurrencies for certain personality traits. The findings of this study are novel as we observe that FOMO is a driving force behind cryptocurrency's consumption for agreeable and neurotic consumers. However, FOMO negatively mediates cryptocurrency investment likelihood for consumers with high openness to experience and conscientiousness in a bear market, but not in a bull market.
LILAR, a novel long noncoding RNA regulating autophagy in the liver tissues of endotoxemic mice through a competing endogenous RNA mechanism
Authors: Tian Tian , Li Shan , Luo Haihua , Li Yijing , Chen Hanghang , Yang Ying , Chen Guangqin , Xie Bingyao , Yan Zhengzheng , Wang Zhenqi , Li Lei , Jiang Yong 
Published: October 2023

AbstractSepsis is an often‐deadly complication of infection that can lead to multiple organ failure. Previous studies have demonstrated that autophagy has a protective effect on liver injury in sepsis. Here, we report a novel long noncoding RNA (lncRNA), named lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced liver autophagy regulator (LILAR), which was highly induced in the liver tissues of endotoxemic mice. LILAR deficiency significantly increased the susceptibility of mice to LPS. In contrast, LILAR overexpression rescued the liver injury mediated by LILAR deficiency and increased the survival of LILAR knockout mice with endotoxemia. Autophagy‐related protein 13 (Atg13) is a potential downstream target gene of LILAR. LILAR deficiency notably decreased Atg13 expression and suppressed autophagy in the livers of mice challenged with LPS. A reporter gene assay showed that LILAR competitively adsorbed miR‐705 to increase the expression of Atg13 in cultured cells, indicating that LILAR participates in the regulation of the autophagy in the liver tissues of endotoxemic mice through a competitive endogenous RNA mechanism. In summary, we identified a novel lncRNA, LILAR, as a hepatic autophagy regulator, which not only promotes our understanding of liver pathophysiology but also provides a potential therapeutic target and/or diagnostic biomarker for liver injury in endotoxemia.
Gonadoblastoma in Turner syndrome with puberty delay: A case report and literature review
Authors: Shen Wei , Li Ya 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundY chromosome material stands as an independent risk determinant for the onset of gonadoblastoma (GB) and subsequent gonadal germ cell tumours in individuals with Turner syndrome (TS). However, the delayed and underestimated identification of Y chromosome material through karyotyping within primary care settings exacerbates the intricacies of managing these patients over the long term.MethodsWe present a case involving TS accompanied by Y chromosome material, wherein puberty delay and GB were identified during prophylactic gonadectomy. Subsequently, we delve into the literature to explore the GB‐related malignancy risk in TS patients with Y chromosome material, the incidence of Y chromosome presence in TS patients using methodologies beyond routine chromosomal testing, and the diagnosis and treatment of puberty delay in TS patients, all based on our case.ResultsA spectrum of more sensitive molecular techniques, including polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and fluorescence in situ hybridisation, effectively augments the detection of Y chromosome material alongside karyotyping. In addition to gonadectomy, the implementation of appropriate oestrogen therapy and a holistic, multidisciplinary approach to care can enhance the quality of life, while mitigating the long‐term morbidity and mortality risks for TS patients harbouring Y chromosome material.ConclusionsBeyond gonadectomy, adopting a multifaceted approach the Y chromosome material detection, prompt initiation of puberty, tailored oestrogen therapy, and coordinated multidisciplinary management significantly contributes to the comprehensive health oversight of TS patients with Y chromosome material.