bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Family‐centered positive psychology: Focusing on strengths to build student success
Authors: Sheridan Susan M. , Warnes Emily D. , Cowan Richard J. , Schemm Ariadne V. , Clarke Brandy L. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractFamily‐centered positive psychology (FCPP) is defined as a framework for working with children and families that promotes strengths and capacity building within individuals and systems, rather than one focusing solely on the resolution of problems or remediation of deficiencies. This approach to family‐based services is predicated on the belief that child and family outcomes will be enhanced if members participate in identifying needs, establishing social supports and partnerships, and acquiring new skills and competencies, rather than simply receiving services from professionals. In this article, we present a rationale for FCPP, outline its primary principles, highlight one model for working with families that exemplifies FCPP practice, and illustrate its use through an authentic data‐based case study. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Psychol Schs 41: 7–17, 2004.
Structured extracurricular activities among adolescents: Findings and implications for school psychologists
Authors: Gilman Rich , Meyers Joel , Perez Laura 
Published: December 2003

AbstractOne factor that contributes to adolescent positive mental health is active engagement. Engagement is defined as any activity that is initiated to attain an outcome. In general, two forms of activities exist that correspond with engagement: solitary, non‐structured, and non‐cooperative pursuits, often without adult supervision (e.g., playing video games, watching television) and highly structured, collaborative activities that are under the guidance of a competent set of adults (i.e., structured extracurricular activities, or SEAs). Although large amounts of time spent in unstructured activities is related to negative psychosocial outcomes, participation in SEAs has been related to a variety of positive outcomes for students. This paper reviews current research regarding adolescent participation in SEAs and its effects on academic and personal‐social variables (i.e., self‐concept, life satisfaction), as well as potential preventive effects for youths considered to be “at‐risk” for negative developmental outcomes. The paper also examines research investigating the potential benefits and shortcomings of different types of SEAs. Finally, suggestions for future research and school‐based preventive intervention are presented. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Psychol Schs 41: 31–41, 2004.
Positive psychology goes to school: Are we there yet?
Authors: Clonan Sheila M. , Chafouleas Sandra M. , McDougal James L. , Riley‐Tillman T. Chris 
Published: December 2003

AbstractImplicit within a perspective of positive psychology is the assumption that environments can be promoted to foster individual strengths through a preventative focus and the development of positive institutions. Given that the development of positive institutions has direct implications for school psychology, this paper begins to draw attention to the potential of positive psychology within school systems. Throughout the paper, it is suggested that a focus on schools may serve as the nexus between the movement in positive psychology searching to promote positive human development and the institutions that could serve as the vehicle for this development. Historic and emerging trends are examined, with particular attention to how positive psychology could promote the development of positive schools (institutions) that foster success for all students. Specifically, the parallel histories of discontent with deficit‐oriented practice in the fields of mental health and school psychology are reviewed, and precursors to building and maintaining positive institutions that focus on working within the existing system to promote lasting change are explored. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Psychol Schs 41: 101–110, 2004.
Synthesis and association of poly(N,N‐dimethylacrylamide) copolymers with perfluorocarbon pendent groups connected through polyethylene‐glycol tethers
Authors: Da Jie , Hogen‐Esch Thieo E. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractThe synthesis is reported of copolymers of N,N‐dimethylacrylamide (DMA) and methacrylates containing 2,2′‐dihydroperfluorodecanoyl (RF) groups separated from the methacrylate by long polyethylene glycol (PEG) tether groups (between 1000 and 14,000 Da). At concentrations of between 1 and 8 wt % the copolymers with macromonomer contents of 1 mol % or less give gels in organic solvents such as dioxane, THF, or methanol, as well as in water. Given the low molecular weights, this indicates very efficient association of very low numbers of RF groups. Association and gel formation is enormously enhanced in the presence of longer PEG tethers. This is consistent with smaller poly(N,N,‐dimethylacrylamide) (PDMA) intermolecular excluded volume effects that are mediated by the longer PEG tethers and possibly by the incompatibility of PEG and PDMA that may lead to the formation of PEG microdomains. This increases the local concentrations of the RF groups in the PEO domains that are not diluted by the PDMA chains, as would be the case in the absence of PEG tethers. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 42: 360–373, 2004
Synthesis of transparent thermoplastic polyurethane elastomers
Authors: Sonnenschein Mark F. , Rondan Nelson , Wendt Benjamin L. , Cox J. Mark 
Published: December 2003

AbstractThermoplastic polyurethanes were synthesized from poly(propylene glycol)‐block‐poly(ethylene glycol) polyols and hybrid hard segments that combined at least two different chain extenders. The combination of hard segments allowed for modification of elastomer performance and processing not achievable by any single hard segment. The combination of hard segments modulated hard‐segment energies that were directly related to elastomer performance. Special attention is paid to obtaining optically transparent elastomers with this technique. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 42: 271–278, 2004
Crystallization of a vitrified hindered phenol within chlorinated polyethylene and its effects on dynamic mechanical properties
Authors: Wu Chifei , Akiyama Saburo 
Published: December 2003

AbstractThe effects of heat treatment below the melting point of 3,9‐bis{1,1‐dimethyl‐2[β‐(3‐tert‐butyl‐4‐hydroxy‐5‐methylphenyl)propionyloxy]ethyl}‐2,4,8,10‐tetraoxaspiro[5,5]‐undecane (AO‐80) on the thermal and dynamic mechanical properties and microstructure of chlorinated polyethylene (CPE) filled with vitrified AO‐80 particles were investigated. The initial AO‐80 was a complete crystal, whereas AO‐80 obtained by cooling from its melting state was amorphous. The vitrified AO‐80 particles could crystallize again in a CPE matrix by an annealing treatment, but this crystal was different from the initial AO‐80 in the microstructure. In addition, the incorporation of CPE chains caused a dramatic increase in the modulus. As a result, the AO‐80 crystal particles that contained some CPE chains acted as multifunctional crosslinks, and the CPE/AO‐80 hybrid was found to be a new type of elastomer. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 42: 209–215, 2004
Interfacial slip at the thermotropic liquid‐crystalline polymer/poly (ethylene naphthalate) interface
Authors: Lam Y. C. , Jiang L. , Li L. , Yue C. Y. , Tam K. C. , Hu X. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractThe unique rheological properties of a thermotropic liquid‐crystalline polymer (TLCP) were first studied. The thermal and shear history of the TLCP was found to play a critical role in its rheological properties. Crystallites were observed in the TLCP melt even above the melting temperature detected by differential scanning calorimetry. Because interfacial slip had long been suggested as an important reason for viscosity reduction in TLCP/thermoplastic blends, for the first time, interfacial slip at the TLCP/poly(ethylene naphthalate) (PEN) interface was investigated with an energy model. The model quantified the degree of interfacial slip at the TLCP/PEN interface by an energy factor. The calculated energy factors revealed a high degree of interfacial slip at the TLCP/PEN interface. It was proposed that the high rigidity of rodlike TLCP chains and their alignment parallel to the interface prevented mutual entanglements at the TLCP/PEN interface. The lack of mutual entanglements promoted the interfacial slip. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 42: 302–315, 2004
Behavior of cellulose in NaOH/Urea aqueous solution characterized by light scattering and viscometry
Authors: Zhou Jinping , Zhang Lina , Cai Jie 
Published: December 2003

AbstractCellulose was dissolved in 6 wt % NaOH/4 wt % urea aqueous solution, which was proven by a 13C NMR spectrum to be a direct solvent of cellulose rather than a derivative aqueous solution system. Dilute solution behavior of cellulose in a NaOH/urea aqueous solution system was examined by laser light scattering and viscometry. The Mark–Houwink equation for cellulose in 6 wt % NaOH/4 wt % urea aqueous solution at 25 °C was [η] = 2.45 × 10−2 weight‐average molecular weight (Mw)0.815 (mL g−1) in the Mw region from 3.2 × 104 to 12.9 × 104. The persistence length (q), molar mass per unit contour length (ML), and characteristic ratio (C∞) of cellulose in the dilute solution were 6.0 nm, 350 nm−1, and 20.9, respectively, which agreed with the Yamakawa–Fujii theory of the wormlike chain. The results indicated that the cellulose molecules exist as semiflexible chains in the aqueous solution and were more extended than in cadoxen. This work provided a novel, simple, and nonpollution solvent system that can be used to investigate the dilute solution properties and molecular weight of cellulose. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 42: 347–353, 2004
Effect of end‐tethered polymers on surface adhesion of glassy polymers
Authors: Sides Scott W. , Grest Gary S. , Stevens Mark J. , Plimpton Steven J. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractThe adhesion between a glassy polymer melt and substrate is studied in the presence of end‐grafted chains chemically attached to the substrate surface. Extensive molecular dynamics simulations have been carried out to study the effect of the areal density ∑ of tethered chains and tensile pull velocity v on the adhesive failure mechanisms. The initial configurations are generated using a double‐bridging algorithm in which new bonds are formed across a pair of monomers equidistant from their respective free ends. This generates new chain configurations that are substantially different than the original two chains such that the systems can be equilibrated in a reasonable amount of cpu time. At the slowest tensile pull velocity studied, a crossover from chain scission to crazing is observed as the coverage increases, while for very large pull velocity, only chain scission is observed. As the coverage increases, the sections of the tethered chains pulled out from the interface form the fibrils of a craze that are strong enough to suppress chain scission, resulting in cohesive rather than adhesive failure. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 42: 199–208, 2004
Preserved diffusion capacity in children with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Merkus Peter J.F.M. , Govaere Elke S.J. , Hop Wim H. , Stam Henk , Tiddens Harm A.W.M. , de Jongste Johan C. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractEarly detection of progressive lung disease in cystic fibrosis (CF) may lead to better treatment and prognosis. Routine lung function indices may be relatively insensitive markers of peripheral airway obstruction and alveolar collapse. We hypothesized that the single‐breath diffusion capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (DLCO) would change before tests of airway function in patients with CF. We assessed lung function longitudinally in 53 children with CF during a mean period of 3.8 years to determine whether the diffusion capacity of the lung becomes abnormal before more conventional indices of lung function do. Within patients, DLCO was slightly elevated and remained stable, while froced expired volume in 1 sec (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) declined progressively (mean individual decline, −1.8% and −0.8% of predicted). Cross‐sectionally, this decline was faster (mean group decline −3.8% and −2.8% of predicted), indicating an additional cohort effect. Normalized diffusion capacity at an early stage of CF is slightly elevated and is preserved in spite of progressive obstructive lung disease. This can be attributed to alterations in pulmonary and bronchial circulation due to loss of function and/or number of alveolar units. Diffusion capacity at rest does not appear to be a suitable early marker of progressive deterioration of CF lung disease. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2004; 37:56–60. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the bronchus presenting with a negative chest X‐ray and normal pulmonary function in two teenagers: Two case reports and review of the literature
Authors: Giusti Robert J. , Flores Raja M. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractTwo adolescents presented with a history of dyspnea upon exertion and cough. In both cases, the chest X‐ray and pulmonary function testing, including flow‐volume loop, were normal. A bronchial tumor was diagnosed by CT scan, which was ordered after each patient had an episode of hemoptysis. The sedimentation rate was the only abnormal laboratory test in both cases. Mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the bronchus, a rare tumor in childhood, was found at pathology in both cases. There was no evidence of metastases to local lymph nodes or distal sites. There were 47 previously reported cases in children. Recurrent pneumonia and persistent cough were the most common presenting findings. These tumors are of low‐grade malignant potential but they can become locally invasive, extending into cartilage and surrounding soft tissue. Prognosis is good with complete resection. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2004; 37:81–84. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Can schoolchildren provide valid answers about their respiratory health experiences in questionnaires? Implications for epidemiological studies
Authors: Yu Tak‐sun Ignatius , Wong Tze‐wai 
Published: December 2003

AbstractTo evaluate the relative validity of information on children's respiratory experience given by different informants, we examined and compared the relationship between low ventilatory function (defined as more than 1 standard deviation below the corresponding mean) and schoolchildren's respiratory symptoms or illnesses reported separately by the children and their parents, using a standard respiratory questionnaire. A total of 1,963 children aged 8–12 years from 12 primary schools in three districts of Hong Kong provided parent‐completed and self‐completed questionnaires, as well as acceptable spirometric measurements. Prevalence of low forced expiratory volume ratio (FEV1/FVC) and low forced expiratory flow rate between 25–75% of FVC (FEF25–75) were higher among those with either parent or child‐reported symptoms/illnesses. Child‐reported cough and phlegm performed better than the corresponding parent‐reported symptoms in predicting low FEV1/FVC. The contrary was true for wheezing and bronchitis. For low FEF25–75, parent‐reported wheezing, asthma, and bronchitis performed better, while the opposite was true for cough. Subgroup analysis by age showed that for older children (age 10 or above), child‐reported symptoms/illnesses performed better in general in the prediction of low FEV1/FVC. On the other hand, parent‐reported symptoms/illnesses seemed to have an advantage over child‐reported ones in predicting low FEF25–75. Subgroup analysis by sex did not reveal any clear pattern. Overall, there was little difference between respiratory illness experiences reported by schoolchildren and their parents in terms of their associations with low ventilatory function. In a population‐based study in which schoolchildren are subjects, it would be appropriate for respiratory questionnaires to be administered to the children themselves, especially if they have reached age 10. By doing so, higher response rates, and perhaps also better yields of correct information, may be obtained. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2004; 37:37–42. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Variation of peak inspiratory flow through dry powder inhalers in children with stable and unstable asthma
Authors: Kamps Arvid W.A. , Brand Paul L.P. , Roorda Ruurd Jan 
Published: December 2003

AbstractDrug release from dry powder inhalers depends for a large part on a sufficiently high peak inspiratory flow (PIF). We determined the variation of PIF through two commonly prescribed dry powder inhalers in children with asthma. We analyzed the effect of inhaler device, age, and severity of asthma symptoms on variation of PIF. Fifty‐eight children with asthma (4–15 years old) recorded PIF values together with asthma symptoms in a diary twice daily for 4 weeks. PIF was measured with a portable PIF‐meter (In‐Check™) equipped with adapters to simulate flow resistance through the Accuhaler™ and Turbohaler™ inhalers. Children generated higher PIF values through an Accuhaler adapter than through a Turbohaler adapter (95% CI for difference, 25.7–31.7). Mean PIF values increased with age, independent of type of inhaler. The mean (SD) variation of PIF (low%high) was 72.3 (8.1)% for patients using the Accuhaler adapter, and 67.0 (14.5)% for patients using the Turbohaler adapter (mean difference, 5.2%; 95% CI, −0.9 to 11.4). Children ≤7 years of age had a significantly greater variation of PIF in addition to a lower mean PIF (P = 0.0003). PIF decreased significantly when symptoms of asthma increased (mean maximal decrease 11 l/min; P < 0.01), but the correlation between PIF and morning and evening symptoms was weak (r = −0.18 and r = −0.16, respectively). Patients who reported moderate or severe symptoms during the study period had a significantly greater variation of PIF compared to patients who remained free of symptoms or reported mild symptoms. The majority of patients generated PIF >30 l/min during the study, even when they experienced symptoms of asthma. The variation of PIF through the Accuhaler and Turbohaler adapter was significantly greater for children ≤7 years of age and for patients experiencing moderate or severe symptoms of asthma. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2004; 37:65–70. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Proliferation of prostate cancer cells and activity of neutral endopeptidase is regulated by bombesin and IL‐1β with IL‐1β acting as a modulator of cellular differentiation
Authors: Albrecht Martin , Doroszewicz Jolanta , Gillen Sonja , Gomes Iara , Wilhelm Beate , Stief Thomas , Aumüller Gerhard 
Published: December 2003

AbstractBACKGROUNDNeutral endopeptidase (NEP) is a cell‐surface bound enzyme that cleaves and inactivates neuropeptides such as bombesin and substance P and is involved in the transition from hormonally regulated androgen‐dependent prostate cancer (PC) to androgen‐independent PC. Neuropeptides are implicated in growth regulation of different cell types and function as transmitters between the neuroendocrine and the immune system.METHODSNEP‐expression, enzymatic activity of the membrane bound protein, cell proliferation, procalcitonin (PCT) production, and secretion as well as changes in cell morphology of prostatic cells were evaluated after treatment with the immunomodulatory cytokine interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β), neuropeptides (bombesin, substance P), and neuropeptide‐conditioned media derived from a human neuroendocrine cell line.RESULTSIncubation of LNCaP tumor cells with IL‐1β resulted in a diminished proliferative activity, induction of neurite‐like outgrowth which was accompanied by the formation of tubular‐type mitochondria typical for neuronal/neuroendocrine cells, and an increased production and secretion of PCT. Conversely, proliferation of prostatic stromal cells was enhanced by the cytokine coming along with an increased number of Golgi‐apparatuses and ER‐cisternae. Bombesin had an antimitotic effect on LNCaP, but not on stromal cells. Substance P did not influence the growth of any of the cell types investigated, whereas neuropeptide‐conditioned media exerted a slightly mitogenic effect on both cell types. The activity of LNCaP cell‐surface bound NEP was enhanced by bombesin, but was diminished by substance P and neuropeptide‐conditioned media.CONCLUSIONSProliferation and activity of neuropeptide degrading NEP is regulated differently by immunomodulatory substances in PC cells and cells derived from the prostatic stroma with IL‐1β being a potent modulator of cellular differentiation and a potential target for anticancer drug design in PC cells. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Association between captopril, other antihypertensive drugs and risk of prostate cancer
Authors: Ronquist Gunnar , Rodríguez Luis Alberto García , Ruigómez Ana , Johansson Saga , Wallander Mari‐Ann , Frithz Göran , Svärdsudd Kurt 
Published: December 2003

AbstractBACKGROUNDThere has been some debate on the existence of an association between hypertension, antihypertensive medications and cancer risk.METHODSWe performed a nested case‐control study to assess the association between the risk of prostate cancer and the use of the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE)‐inhibitor captopril, and other antihypertensive drugs. We used data from the General Practice Research Database in UK.RESULTSWe found an incidence rate of prostate cancer of 1.61 per 1,000 person‐years among male patients aged 50–79 years old. Patients with a history of benign prostatic hyperplasia and/or prostatism carried a two‐fold greater risk of prostate cancer than those without such antecedents. None of the other studied co‐morbidities were associated with prostate cancer. We found that users of captopril had a relative risk of 0.7 (95% CI: 0.4–1.2) to develope prostate cancer. None of the other studied individual ACE‐inhibitors shared a similar effect with the one observed for captopril.CONCLUSIONSNo clear association was apparent between the use of antihypertensive drugs and prostate cancer. However, specific focus on users of captopril showed a lower risk of subsequent prostate cancer. Further research is needed to explore this association. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.