bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sub‐lethal hydrops as a manifestation of dehydrated hereditary stomatocytosis in two consecutive pregnancies
Authors: Grootenboer‐Mignot Sabine , Crétien Aurore , Laurendeau Ingrid , Poissonnier Marie‐Hélène , Doireau Valérie , Brossard Yves , Tchernia Gil , Cynober Thérèse , Delaunay Jean 
Published: May 2003

AbstractDehydrated hereditary stomatocytosis (DHS) is a rare congenital hemolytic anemia mapping to 16q23–q24. We showed recently that it is part of a pleiotropic syndrome likely to display pseudohyperkalemia and/or different forms of fetal and placental fluid collections. Here, we report a woman with DHS. She had two consecutive pregnancies associated with severe fetal hydrops. Hydrops would probably have been lethal in the absence of appropriate removal of ascites and excess amniotic fluid. In utero exchange transfusion, performed once, was useless, because anemia was not pronounced enough to be the cause of the hydrops. In both newborns, ascites resolved within a week following birth and never recurred. The association of hydrops and hemolytic anemia suggests the possibility of DHS. Symptomatic treatment of the hydrops assists survival until spontaneous resorption occurs. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ultrasonic spectroscopic evaluation of the ring‐opening metathesis polymerization of dicyclopentadiene
Authors: Constable Gregory S. , Lesser Alan J. , Coughlin E. Bryan 
Published: May 2003

AbstractAn in situ ultrasonic spectroscopy technique was used to study the ring‐opening metathesis polymerization of dicyclopentadiene catalyzed by bis(tricyclohexylphosphine)benzylidene ruthenium dichloride. A reaction cell employing a flexible poly(ethylene terephthalate) window for pulse echo ultrasonic spectroscopy was used to monitor the polymerization. The changes in the density, wave speed, acoustic modulus, and attenuation were all simultaneously monitored. In comparison with Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy data, the changes in the density, velocity, and modulus only accurately measured the rate constant for the metathesis of the cyclopentyl unsaturation. The ultrasonic values were within 6% of the values determined by FTIR. The activation energy for metathesis of the cyclopentyl unsaturation was 84 kJ mol−1, following first‐order kinetics. Rate constants for the polymerization of the norbornyl unsaturation could not be determined by ultrasound. The gel point, vitrification, and qualitative information about the reaction rate could be determined from the change in the attenuation. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 41: 1323–1333, 2003
Laser‐induced periodic surface structure on a polymer surface: The effect of a prerubbing treatment on the surface structure
Authors: Lu X. M. , Lu Q. H. , Yin J. , Zhu Z. K. , Wang Z. G. 
Published: May 2003

AbstractThe influence of the mechanical rubbing of a polyimide (PI) film on the laser‐induced periodic structure (LIPS) was demonstrated. The periodicity and amplitude of LIPS were greater when the rubbing direction was parallel to the laser polarization direction. The amplitude became small and the periodicity of LIPS did not show an obvious change when the rubbing direction was perpendicular to the laser polarization direction. The effect of the rubbing pretreatment on LIPS was explained on the basis of the wave‐guide effect of rubbing‐induced microgrooves on LIPS formation. The orientation of PI chains induced by mechanical rubbing was relaxed after laser irradiation, and a new orientation of PI chains was formed during the LIPS formation. When the rubbing direction was perpendicular to the laser polarization direction, the orientation of PI chains remained in the rubbing direction. The laser‐irradiated, perpendicularly rubbed PI surface could be used to verify the effects of surface morphologies and intermolecular interactions on liquid‐crystal alignment. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 41: 1273–1280, 2003
Conductance and capacitance–frequency characteristics of polypyrrole/p‐type silicon structures
Authors: Çakar M. , Biber M. , Saǧlam M. , Türüt A. 
Published: May 2003

AbstractWe formed a polypyrrole/p‐type silicon device by an anodization process. An aluminum electrode was used as an ohmic contact. From the current–voltage characteristics of the device, barrier height and ideality factor values of 0.662 eV and 1.734, respectively, were obtained from a forward‐bias current–voltage plot. Low capacitance–frequency and conductance–frequency measurements from 0.00 to 0.30 V with steps of 0.02 V were made. At each frequency, the measured capacitance decreased with increasing frequency because of a continuous distribution of the interface states in the frequency range of 5.0 Hz to 2.0 MHz. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 41: 1334–1338, 2003
Thermally stimulated depolarization currents of crosslinked polyethylene relaxations in the fusion range of temperatures
Authors: Tamayo I. , Belana J. , Cañadas J. C. , Mudarra M. , Diego J. A. , Sellarès J. 
Published: May 2003

AbstractWith thermally stimulated depolarization currents, we researched the relaxations of crosslinked polyethylene as it is used in medium‐voltage cable insulation. Through conventional polarization two heteropolar peaks stand up in the spectra, at 80 and 105 °C. As the sample is annealed, a homopolar peak is developed at about 99 °C. With window polarization, our results indicated that the 80 °C peak is a structured peak related to polar crosslinking subproducts and impurities. The 105 and 99 °C peaks are fitted to the general kinetic‐order model because the 105 °C peak is related to free‐charge detrapping at the crystalline phase, in the bulk and maybe at the amorphous‐crystal interphases, and the peak that is observed at 99 °C is due to injected charge. Annealing at high temperatures promotes the creation of traps in the material. Charge trapping at T < 70 °C seems to be related to the increased insulator resistivity with annealing time. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 41: 1412–1421, 2003
Screening of Tanzanian plant extracts for their potential inhibitory effect on P‐glycoprotein mediated efﬂux
Authors: Deferme S. , Kamuhabwa A. , Nshimo C. , de Witte P. , Augustijns P. 
Published: May 2003

AbstractFor years, many efforts have been made to discover new drugs using plants as natural screening libraries. In this study, extracts of 43 Tanzanian medicinal plants were screened for their potential inhibitory effect on P‐gp, using the secretory transport of Cyclosporin A (CsA) in the Caco‐2 system as a measure of the functionality of P‐gp efﬂux. Two out of these 43 plant extracts (extracts of Annickia kummeriae and Acacia nilotica) appeared to have a modulatory effect on P‐gp related efﬂux carriers. In presence of the extract of Annickia kummeriae, a concentration dependent decrease on the polarity in transport of CsA was observed; the inhibitory effect of this extract on P‐gp was comparable to that of valspodar, a known P‐gp inhibiting agent. The exact nature of the active components of these botanicals remains to be identiﬁed. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
In vitro peroxynitrite scavenging activity of diarylheptanoids from Curcuma longa
Authors: Kim Jung Eun , Kim Ae Ra , Chung Hae Young , Han Shin Young , Kim Byung Soo , Choi Jae Sue 
Published: May 2003

AbstractPeroxynitrite is a cytotoxic intermediate produced by the reaction between the superoxide anion (O2) and nitric oxide (NO). The aim of this study was to investigate the scavenging effects of Curcuma longa L. on authentic peroxynitrite, and further studies are planned that will attempt to identify the active principles from the active fractions. The methanolic extract of C. longa showed 50% scavenging activity (IC50) at concentration of 1.7 ± 0.08 µg/ml, and was thus fractionated with several solvents. The peroxynitrite scavenging activity potential of the individual fraction was in the order of ethyl acetate > dichloromethane > water fraction. The ethyl acetate soluble fraction exhibiting strong scavenging activity was further puriﬁed by repeated silica gel column chromatography. Peroxynitrite scavenging diarylheptanoids, curcumin I (1), curcumin II (2), and curcumin III (3) were isolated as active principles. Compounds 1–3 showed the peroxynitrite scavenging activities with IC50 values of 4.0 ± 0.04, 6.4 ± 0.30, and 29.7 ± 1.29 µM, respectively. Penicillamine as positive control exhibited IC50 value of 2.38 ± 0.34 µM. The structure‐activity relationship of diarylheptanoids on peroxynitrite was also discussed. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Biological activity of persimmon (Diospyros kaki) peel extracts
Authors: Kawase Masami , Motohashi Noboru , Satoh Kazue , Sakagami Hiroshi , Nakashima Hideki , Tani Satoru , Shirataki Yoshiaki , Kurihara Teruo , Spengler Gabriella , Wolfard Krisztina , Molnár Joseph 
Published: May 2003

AbstractFractionated extracts of persimmon (Diospyros kaki) peels were studied for cytotoxic activity, multidrug resistance (MDR) reversal activity, anti‐human immunodeﬁciency virus (HIV) activity and anti‐Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) activity. The potent cytotoxic activity against human oral squamous cell carcinoma cells (HSC‐2) and human submandibular gland tumor (HSG) cells was found in the acetone fractions (A4 and A5) with IC50 ranging from 21 to 59 µg/mL. However, the cytotoxic activity was not correlated with the radical intensity of the fractions. Three 70% MeOH extract fractions (70M2‐4) produced radical and efﬁciently scavenged the O2− produced by hypoxanthine and xanthine oxidase reaction. All of the fractions tested were not effective for anti‐H. pylori and anti‐HIV. Fractions H3 and H4 of hexane extract, and M2 and M3 of MeOH extract showed a remarkable MDR reversal activity comparable with that of (±)‐verapamil (a positive control). These results indicate the therapeutic value of persimmon peel extracts as potential antitumor and MDR‐reversing agents. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A study to survey susceptible genetic factors responsible for troglitazone‐associated hepatotoxicity in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Watanabe Ichiro , Tomita Aiko , Shimizu Miho , Sugawara Mie , Yasumo Hiroaki , Koishi Ryuta , Takahashi Tohru , Miyoshi Kaoru , Nakamura Kouichi , Izumi Takashi , Matsushita Yasuyuki , Furukawa Hidehiko , Haruyama Hideyuki , Koga Teiichiro 
Published: May 2003

Background and objectiveTroglitazone is a 2,4‐thiazolidinedione antidiabetic agent with insulin‐sensitizing activities. This agent had been used efficiently in a large number of patients but was withdrawn from the market in March 2000 because of its association with idiosyncratic hepatotoxicity. To address the susceptible genetic factors responsible for the hepatotoxicity associated with this agent, we performed a genetic polymorphic analysis by a target gene approach in troglitazone‐treated Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.MethodsOne hundred ten patients treated with troglitazone were recruited into this study. The case patients (n = 25) were recruited through medical professionals who had previously reported abnormal increases in the levels of ALT or AST among their patients. The control patients (n = 85) were recruited through physicians prescribing troglitazone. For statistical accuracy, efforts were made to maximize the size of the case group. Genotype analysis was performed in 68 polymorphic sites of 51 candidate genes related to drug metabolism, apoptosis, roduction and elimination of reactive oxygen species, and signal transduction pathways of peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor gamma 2 and insulin.ResultsThe strong correlation with transaminase elevations was observed in the combined glutathione‐S‐transferase GSTT1‐GSTM1 null genotype (odds ratio, 3.692; 95% confidence interval, 1.354‐10.066; P = .008).ConclusionsThe double null mutation of GSTT1 and GSTM1 might influence troglitazone‐associated abnormal increases of liver enzyme levels.Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2003) 73, 435–455; doi: 10.1016/S0009‐9236(03)00014‐6
Characterization of hepatic cytochrome P4503A activity in patients with end‐stage renal disease
Authors: Dowling Thomas C. , Briglia Andrew E. , Fink Jeffrey C. , Hanes Donna S. , Light Paul D. , Stackiewicz Lucy , Karyekar Chetan S. , Eddington Natalie D. , Weir Matthew R. , Henrich William L. 
Published: May 2003

BackgroundThe cytochrome P450 (CYP) oxidative enzyme system, located primarily in the liver and small intestine, is responsible for metabolism and detoxification of numerous endogenous and exogenous substances. The most abundant CYP enzyme, CYP3A, is known to be involved in the metabolism of more than 200 commonly used medications. In experimental models of renal failure, both hepatic function and CYP enzyme content are reduced; however, direct evidence in humans is lacking. Evaluation of drug metabolism in patients with end‐stage renal disease is important because these patients use a large number of medications and are at risk of adverse reactions and drug‐drug interactions.MethodsWe measured hepatic CYP3A activity at baseline and after rifampin (INN, rifampicin) enzyme induction in 12 patients with end‐stage renal disease and 12 healthy, age‐matched controls. Hepatic CYP3A phenotype was characterized with the erythromycin breath test, and enzyme induction capacity was evaluated with a short course of rifampin (600 mg/d for 6 days).ResultsThe end‐stage renal disease group had 28% lower baseline erythromycin breath test values than controls (P < .05); however, enzyme induction capacity after rifampin administration was similar between groups (P = .70).ConclusionThe findings suggested that one mechanism by which patients with end‐stage renal disease are at increased risk of drug toxicity is reduced activity of the CYP3A enzyme pathway.Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2003) 73, 427–434; doi: 10.1016/S0009‐9236(03)00056‐0
Oral misoprostol vs. placebo in the management of prelabor rupture of membranes at term
Authors: Hoffmann R.A.M , Anthony J , Fawcus S 
Published: May 2003

AbstractObjective: To evaluate the efficacy of oral misoprostol for the induction of labor (IOL) in women with prelabor rupture of membranes at term (PROM) and to monitor maternal or fetal complications. Method: This randomized, placebo controlled trial was performed in a secondary referral hospital. The data of 47 patients in the misoprostol — and 49 patients in the placebo group was available for analysis. The former received 100 μg misoprostol orally, repeated once after 6 h if not in active labor, the latter received two doses of vitamin C also after a 6‐h interval. The Mann‐Whitney U‐test was used for analysis. Results: The median treatment to delivery interval in the misoprostol group was 7.5 h and 25 h in the placebo group (P<0.001). No significant differences were found in the incidence of abnormalities on the cardiotocograph, mode of delivery, neonatal outcome, use of antibiotics for the mothers and patient acceptability. Conclusion: Oral misoprostol in the suggested dose is an effective and cheap alternative for IOL in patients with PROM. No adverse effects could be demonstrated.
Heuristic, optimal, static, and dynamic schedules when processing times are uncertain
Authors: Lawrence Stephen R. , Sewell Edward C. 
Published: May 2003

AbstractIn this paper we compare the static and dynamic application of heuristic and optimal solution methods to job‐shop scheduling problems when processing times are uncertain. Recently developed optimizing algorithms and several heuristics are used to evaluate 53 standard job‐shop scheduling problems with a makespan objective when job processing times are known with varying degrees of uncertainty. Results indicate that fixed optimal sequences derived from deterministic assumptions quickly deteriorate with the introduction of processing time uncertainty when compared with dynamically updated heuristic schedules. As processing time uncertainty grows, we demonstrate that simple dispatch heuristics provide performance comparable or superior to that of algorithmically more sophisticated scheduling policies.
Early reattachment does not reverse atrophy and fat accumulation of the supraspinatus—an experimental study in rabbits
Authors: Uhthoff Hans K. , Matsumoto Fujio , Trudel Guy , Himori Ko 
Published: May 2003

AbstractIntroduction: Reattachment of the supraspinatus (SSP) tendon after spontaneous rupture leads to improved shoulder function. Whether this improvement of function is due to a reversal of muscle atrophy and fat accumulation known to occur after SSP rupture is still debated. Our previous study of late reattachment of SSP (12 weeks) failed to confirm a reversal of muscle atrophy and of fat accumulation.Purpose: To find out whether earlier reattachment (6 weeks) reverses atrophy and fat accumulation of the SSP.Material and methods: Reattachment group: in seven rabbits unilateral supraspinatus detachment, reattachment after 6 weeks and killing 6 weeks later. Detachment group: in seven rabbits unilateral supraspinatus detachment and killing 12 weeks later. The contralateral shoulders served as controls (n = 14). Determination of the supraspinatus constituents: muscle, extra‐ and intramuscular fat in volume and cross‐sectional area.Results: Muscle tissue in the reattachment group (8.6 ml ± 1 s.d. = 0.6) and in the detachment group (8.9 ml ± 0.9) were less than in control supraspinati (10.2 ml ± 0.9, both p < 0.05). Extra‐ and intramuscular fat in the reattachment group (8.7% ± 3.2) was greater than in both, the detachment group (4.6% ± 3.5), and control supraspinati (2.8% ± 1.7, both p < 0.05).Conclusion: In the rabbit, reattachment of the SSP at 6 weeks did neither reverse muscle atrophy nor fat accumulation during the ensuing 6 weeks. However, earlier reattachment (6 weeks) when compared with later reattachment (12 weeks) prevented an increase in fat accumulation. On the other hand, the delay before reattaching the tendon did not lead to an increase in muscle atrophy.© 2002 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Exercise and muscle strength training and their effect on quality of life in patients with chronic heart failure
Authors: Radzewitz Andrea , Miche Eckart , Herrmann Gert , Nowak Mirella , Montanus Uta , Adam Ulrike , Stockmann Ylva , Barth Maria 
Published: May 2003

AbstractBackground:There is now evidence that moderate training plays an important role in the treatment of chronic heart failure. No clear instructions exist to date as to how such training programs should be carried out.Aim:to assess the efficiency of a training program including bicycle ergometer training, moderate muscle strength training and the 6‐min walk test and their influence on quality of life, anxiety and depression.Methods and results:Patients (67 male, 21 female) underwent a standardized 4‐week training program. Baseline data: LVEF=31±8%; LVEDD=143±59 ml; peak VO2=13.9±4.6 kg/ml. No adverse side effects could be observed. At discharge LVEF was 37±9%, (P=0.001); LVEDD=131±44ml (P=0.01); and peak VO2=15.4±5.0 kg/ml. Quality of life improved significantly in nearly all domains and in summary score. There were no significant changes in anxiety and depression. There is a negative correlation between the initial workload and changes in physical health (r=−0.42, P=0.001) and only a weak correlation between age and positive changes in physical health (r=0.26, P=0.05).Conclusions:A standardized training program including moderate muscle strength training could be performed safely and demonstrated improvement in clinical parameters and quality of life.
Simultaneous angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition moderates ventricular dysfunction caused by doxorubicin
Authors: Vaynblat Mikhail , Shah Himansu R. , Bhaskaran Dinesh , Ramdev Geeta , Davis Wellington J. , Cunningham Joseph N. , Chiavarelli Mario 
Published: May 2003

AbstractAims:The purpose of this study was to determine that the administration of an angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor enalapril would confer protection against doxorubicin‐induced experimental heart failure, and attenuate the development of left ventricular dysfunction.Methods:Seventeen dogs were chronically instrumented with an intracoronary catheter and received doxorubicin weekly for 4 weeks. Animals were assigned to two groups: group 1: untreated heart failure; and group 2: simultaneous enalapril administration (5 mg twice a week). Hemodynamic data were obtained at week 0 and 12. Echocardiography was performed weekly.ResultsSurvival improved with simultaneous enalapril administration (36% in group 1 vs. 100% in group 2, P=0.04). The increase in the left ventricular end‐diastolic pressure was significantly reduced at week 12 (17±1 mmHg in group 1 vs. 9±1 mmHg in group 2, P=0.0042). The fall in left ventricular stroke work index was significantly prevented (52% in group 1 vs. 21% in group 2, P=0.006). The increase in right ventricular end‐diastolic diameter was significantly reduced by enalapril prophylaxis.Conclusion:Simultaneous treatment with enalapril was beneficial in the prevention of doxorubicin‐induced cardiomyopathy.
Increased levels of high sensitive C‐reactive protein in patients with chronic rheumatic valve disease: evidence of ongoing inflammation
Authors: Gölbasi Zehra , Uçar Özgül , Keles Telat , Sahin Ahmet , Çagli Kerim , Çamsari Ahmet , Diker Erdem , Aydogdu Sinan 
Published: May 2003

AbstractThe precise pathogenetic mechanism(s) of rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease have never been defined. C‐reactive protein (CRP) is increased in patients with acute rheumatic fever, but it is not known whether plasma levels increase in patients with chronic rheumatic valve disease. The aim of this study was to determine the role of inflammation detected by high sensitivity CRP (hs‐CRP) levels in the progression of chronic rheumatic valve disease. A total of 113 patients with chronic rheumatic valve disease (81 women, 32 men; mean age 40±14 years, range 13–70), 51 patients with prosthetic valve(s) (31 women, 20 men; mean age 48±13 years, range 21–71) and 102 healthy subjects (68 women, 34 men, mean age 41±12 years, range 25–73), as a control group, were assessed. Patients with acute rheumatic fever, acute infection, inflammatory disease, malignancy, acute myocardial infarction and trauma were excluded. hs‐CRP was determined using latex‐enhanced immunonephelometric assays on a BN II analyzer (Behring). Transthoracic echocardiography was performed in all patients in order to evaluate valvular disease. Levels of hs‐CRP were significantly higher in patients with chronic rheumatic heart disease than in patients with prosthetic valve(s) and healthy subjects (0.62±0.64 vs. 0.35±0.41 vs. 0.24±0.18 mg/l, P<0.01 and P<0.001 respectively). No correlation was observed between CRP and age, sex or functional capacity. We found that hs‐CRP is increased in chronic rheumatic heart disease; this may indicate that inflammatory response still persists in the chronic phase.
On solitary wave mediated heat exchange in the Antarctic boundary layer
Authors: Rees J.M. , Koprov B. , Koprov V. , Zimmerman W.B. 
Published: May 2003

AbstractThe adiabatic assumption that the vertical velocity can be estimated from the displacement of isotherms is examined for solitary wave events propagating in the stable boundary layer overlying an Antarctic ice shelf. Implications for the mathematical modelling of such waves when this assumption is invalid are discussed. Copyright © 2003 Royal Meteorological Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.