bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Common Pediatric Hand Anomalies
Authors: McCarter Jacob H. , Zeledon Ricardo A. , Cole Samuel H. , Layon Sarah A. , Nguyen Jenny Lee 
Published: November 2023

AbstractUpper extremity congenital anomalies in the newborn are second only to congenital heart anomalies. Some of the more commonly encountered upper extremity anomalies are trigger thumb, thumb hypoplasia, polydactyly, syndactyly, and amniotic band syndrome. While some conditions occur in isolation, others are known to commonly occur in association with syndromes. Familiarity with these conditions is important not only to provide adequate evaluation and workup of these patients but also to deliver appropriate surgical intervention and prepare parents with appropriate expectations. In this article, we outline the etiology, classification, surgical management, and outcomes of these five commonly encountered upper extremity congenital anomalies.
“P6LAND”: An Educational Tool for Free Flaps
Authors: Ziolkowski Natalia , Haykal Siba 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background Microsurgical education requires both technical skill and didactic knowledge. Learners are frequently asked to describe free flaps and their knowledge tested in clinical work and during exams.
Methods We have created an educational tool that will aid learners in remembering important information related to flaps.
Results “P6LAND” which divides and organizes information into three parts: Preoperative considerations, Pedicle, Position, LANDmarks, Plane of dissection, Protection and Postoperative considerations.
Conclusion The aim of this paper is to further describe this educational tool and to provide a compendium for the most common fasciocutaneous, muscle, perforator, and bone flaps based on the literature. This tool was also prevalidated among a group of learners.
Cultural mediation in crisis translation
Authors: Zhang Shuyin , Zhuang Yingyi , Chang Liwen 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This article presents a snapshot of citizen translators as cultural mediators in public services settings by
investigating their role in multicultural communities during the COVID-19 pandemic, and how they attempted to resolve potential
conflicts in a crisis situation. The study, which focuses on university communities in the Greater Bay Area (GBA) in China, is one
of the rare cases examining community translation and interpreting in a non-immigrant country where non-Chinese speakers are in a
linguistically weaker position. The role of citizen translators in cultural mediation is outlined by recontextualizing mediation
through interview-based qualitative research. During times of crisis, citizen translators arguably go beyond linguistic mediation
and resolve conflicts by assuming extra duties and social responsibilities to ensure equal access to public services in
multicultural communities, thus contributing to the emotional stability of the community and the smooth delivery of information on
anti-epidemic measures.
Behavioural Issues in Horses Working in Human Mental Healthcare Services
Authors: Schroeder Katy 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Horses commonly engage in physical contact with their conspecifics through mutual grooming, which serves several important functions for social communication and comfort. However, horses may react differently to social contact with humans. When such contact is unwanted, horses may display calming, displacement, or more significant stress-related behaviours. This can impact their welfare while simultaneously posing safety risks for the humans involved. Understanding and addressing horse behaviour during interactions with humans is critical across the equestrian industry, and particularly when horse-human interactions are incorporated into human healthcare and educational services. This hypothetical case study explores a horse’s negative behavioural changes in response to grooming activities used in a substance use treatment programme for adolescents. The case concludes with a description of strategies for pinpointing the underlying reasons for the horse’s behaviours and proposed courses of action to enhance the horse’s overall experience of human contact. This case underscores the complexity of horse-human interactions, emphasizing the need for behavioural assessment as an essential tool for improving horse welfare within the realm of animal-assisted interventions.

Information
© The Author 2023
A theory of the spin-crossover phenomena in the rare earth perovskite LaCoO3 induced by temperature or a magnetic field
Authors: Katsumata K , Lovesey S W 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Published magnetic data for LaCoO3 are successfully analyzed with coexisting 5
D and low-spin (LS) cobalt states. Energy levels of the two states are derived in analytic forms. To this end, fictitious orbital angular momentum
l
of magnitude one defines the Γ5 (5
D) state. Our Hamiltonian includes the spin–orbit interaction, and a cubic crystal field embellished by a trigonal distortion

9

B

2

0

(

l

z

2

−
2

/

3
)
−
80

B

4

0

(

l

z

2

−
9

/

10
)

. A singlet ground state with an energy gap to the first excited doublet is realized for certain values of the parameters. The temperature-independent paramagnetic susceptibility (TIPS) of the 5
D state has a finite value, which accords with the observation. Whereas, TIPS is symmetry forbidden in the LS state. A rigorous calculation is made of the excitation spectrum in the LS state. The elementary excitation is modeled as a creation of an electron–hole pair that results in an energy level scheme in which the first excited quartet lies above the singlet ground state. The electron spin resonance data are successfully equated with transitions within the excited quartet. Available magnetization data delineate parameters in the 5
D Hamiltonian. The temperature dependence of the susceptibility of our coexisting model is qualitatively reasonable. To improve on a quantitative outcome, we are led to introduce a temperature dependent concentration for the 5
D and LS states. Calculated Bragg diffraction patterns gathered with x-rays tuned to the Co K-edge reveal potential to refine the current crystal structure and to shed light on the origin of the coexisting states.
Insights into the copper HiPIMS discharge: deposition rate and ionised flux fraction
Authors: Fischer J , Renner M , Gudmundsson J T , Rudolph M , Hajihoseini H , Brenning N , Lundin D 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The influence of pulse length, working gas pressure, and peak discharge current density on the deposition rate and ionised flux fraction in high power impulse magnetron sputtering discharges of copper is investigated experimentally using a charge-selective (electrically biasable) magnetically shielded quartz crystal microbalance (or ionmeter). The large explored parameter space covers both common process conditions and extreme cases. The measured ionised flux fraction for copper is found to be in the range from ≈10% to 80%, and to increase with increasing peak discharge current density up to a maximum at

≈

1.25

A

cm

−
2

, before abruptly falling off at even higher current density values. Low working gas pressure is shown to be beneficial in terms of both ionised flux fraction and deposition rate fraction. For example, decreasing the working gas pressure from 1.0 Pa to 0.5 Pa leads on average to an increase of the ionised flux fraction by

≈

14

percentage points (pp) and of the deposition rate fraction by

≈

4

pp

taking into account all the investigated pulse lengths.
Influence of the gas–liquid non-equilibrium media structure on the mass transfer dynamics in biophysical processes
Authors: Nizovtseva Irina G , Starodumov Ilya O , Lezhnin Sergey I , Mikushin Pavel V , Zagoruiko Andrey N , Shabadrov Pavel A , Svitich Vladislav Ye , Vikharev Sergey V , Tatarintsev Vitalii V , Nikishina Margarita A , Ye Koroznikova Irina , Ye Glebova Alexandra , Mityashin Timofey V , Jingyan Yang , Chernushkin Dmitrii V 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Multiphase biophysical media are known to be complex structures with continuous high demand to the scientific community for understanding the relationships and ratios between factors affecting the type, dynamics and nature of its structural changes on their impact degree on the media itself. Among the plentiful list of such factors the following do worth mentioning: the lifetime of a particle, turbulence factors and a number of others, each requiring careful analysis, assessment of the contribution degree and, importantly, correct accounting. The present study is focused on such a factor affecting mass transfer intensity change as surface tension through its relationship with the interfacial area: the latter is the site of mass exchange between the gas and liquid phases, and modifications in surface tension values can significantly impact the characteristics of this area, hence altering the rate of mass transfer. By controlling surface tension, one can effectively modulate the size and stability of particles, namely bubbles or droplets, which in turn changes the interfacial area available for mass transfer. The total interfacial area, which is the cumulative surface area of all bubbles, serves as the site for mass transfer. The impact of the surface tension coefficient variation into gas–liquid mass transfer characteristics is analyzed both for the case of water and model liquid. The latter means the potential contribution of surface-active substances was a part of research scope since it was applied to recreate conditions similar to the cultural liquid when microorganisms that produce surfactants are grown. The proposed new methodology assumes calculating interfacial area through the segmentation of images captured by a high-speed camera, thus we can gain a profoundly enhanced understanding of the relationship between surface tension and mass transfer. The precise visual data and subsequent computation of the interfacial area provide deeper insights into the dynamics of bubble formation and the effects of surface tension on bubble size and distribution. As a result, this method has significantly improved our capacity to investigate and optimize mass transfer processes in multiphase biophysical systems. Both analytical approach and results interpretation not only influence affirmatively on deep understanding of natural mechanisms in biophysical media, but also might serve their best for potential application, e.g. in the context of the development of biotechnological industries based on fermentation processes for protein production.
A quantum ticking self-oscillator using delayed feedback
Authors: Liu Y , Munro W J , Twamley J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Self-sustained oscillators (SSOs) is a commonly used method to generate classical clock signals and SSOs using delayed feedback have been developed commercially which possess ultra-low phase noise and drift. Research into the development of quantum self-oscillation, where one can also have a periodic and regular output tick, that can be used to control quantum and classical devices has received much interest and quantum SSOs so far studied suffer from phase diffusion which leads to the smearing out of the quantum oscillator over the entire limit cycle in phase space seriously degrading the system’s ability to perform as a self-oscillation. In this paper, we explore quantum versions of time-delayed SSOs, which has the potentials to develop a ticking quantum clock. We first design a linear quantum SSO which exhibits perfect oscillation without phase diffusion. We then explore a nonlinear delayed quantum SSO but find it exhibits dephasing similar to previously studied non-delayed systems.
Moisture content online measurement in the sludge by ultrasonic reflection method
Authors: Fan Jinhui , Wang Fei , Lv Guojun , Cui Haibin , Wang Wenyuan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Moisture content is an important parameter of solid waste degradation in landfill. The traditional gravimetric method used for determining the moisture content of sludge is very time-consuming and cannot achieve online measurement of sludge moisture content. This paper proposes an ultrasonic reflection method to measure the moisture content of sludge on-line, the sludge only needs to be dried once, and then the online measurement can be realized. The specific process is as follows: by analyzing the ultrasonic characteristic parameter under different moisture content, the quantitative relationship between them can be obtained, and then the sludge moisture content can be deduced by the ultrasonic characteristic parameter. In this paper, the relationship between the ultrasonic characteristic parameter of the three sludge and the moisture content was analyzed, and the quantitative relationship was determined. The sludge moisture content calculated by this method is very close to the actual value. This method provides a new research idea for the online measurement of sludge moisture content.
Reverse-degree-based topological indices of two-dimensional coronene fractal structures
Authors: Khabyah Ali , Ahmad Ali , Azeem Muhammad , Ahmad Yasir , Koam Ali N A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Researchers are still drawn to research the physical molecular and chemical structure of benzenoid hydrocarbons, unsaturated, fully conjugated compounds with hexagonal arrangements that exhibit remarkable features in relation to aromaticity. For chemical graphs in many dimensions, structures, or networks, topological indices or numerical descriptors have been employed for decades to link key physicochemical parameters with crucial molecular structural features including melting, boiling point, enthalpy, and cyclicity. For this work, the inverse degrees of the molecular or chemical structure or graphs being studied are used to calculate the reverse-degree-based topological indices. In molecular graph theory, reverse-degree-based topological descriptors are a relatively new method for analyzing chemical networks and structures. In this study, we suggest a reverse-degree-based topological representation. We computed particular types of descriptors of two-dimensional (2-D) coronene fractal formations with a variety of reverse-degree-based topological indices, such as the reverse-degree-based topological index of the first, second, and hyper Zagreb, forgotten, geometric arithmetic, atom-bond-connectivity, and the Randic index.
DESI luminous red galaxy samples for cross-correlations
Authors: Zhou Rongpu , Ferraro Simone , White Martin , DeRose Joseph , Sailer Noah , Aguilar Jessica , Ahlen Steven , Bailey Stephen , Brooks David , Claybaugh Todd , Dawson Kyle , de la Macorra Axel , Dey Biprateep , Doel Peter , Font-Ribera Andreu , Forero-Romero Jaime E. , Gontcho A Gontcho Satya , Guy Julien , Kremin Anthony , Lambert Andrew , Le Guillou Laurent , Levi Michael , Magneville Christophe , Manera Marc , Meisner Aaron , Miquel Ramon , Moustakas John , Myers Adam D. , Newman Jeffrey A. , Nie Jundan , Percival Will , Rezaie Mehdi , Rossi Graziano , Sanchez Eusebio , Schlegel David , Schubnell Michael , Seo Hee-Jong , Tarlé Gregory , Zhou Zhimin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We present two galaxy samples, selected from DESI Legacy Imaging Surveys (LS) DR9, with approximately 20,000 square degrees of coverage and spectroscopic redshift distributions designed for cross-correlations such as with CMB lensing, galaxy lensing, and the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect. The first sample is identical to the DESI Luminous Red Galaxy (LRG) sample, and the second sample is an extended LRG sample with 2–3 times the DESI LRG density. We present the improved photometric redshifts, tomographic binning and their spectroscopic redshift distributions and imaging systematics weights, and magnification bias coefficients. The catalogs and related data products will be made publicly available. The cosmological constraints using this sample and Planck lensing maps are presented in a companion paper. We also make public the new set of general-purpose photometric redshifts trained using DESI spectroscopic redshifts, which are used in this work, for all galaxies in LS DR9.
Correlated-photon-pair generation via SFWM in tapered optical fibers with femtosecond laser pump
Authors: Shmakova A L , Latypov I Z , Kalachev A A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Spontaneous four-wave mixing (SFWM) in optical micro-/nanofibers is studied theoretically and experimentally. Joint spectral intensity of the biphoton field generated via SFWM under excitation of femtosecond laser pulses is measured and calculated considering self-phase modulation of the pump pulses and SFWM throughout the tapered fibers. In comparison with the previous study (Shukhin et al 2020 Phys. Rev. A 101 053822), replacing picosecond pump by a femtosecond one with the same average power makes it possible to increase the photon pair generation rate tenfold.
Multimodal subspace identification for modeling discrete-continuous spiking and field potential population activity
Authors: Ahmadipour Parima , Sani Omid G , Pesaran Bijan , Shanechi Maryam M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Objective. Learning dynamical latent state models for multimodal spiking and field potential activity can reveal their collective low-dimensional dynamics and enable better decoding of behavior through multimodal fusion. Toward this goal, developing unsupervised learning methods that are computationally efficient is important, especially for real-time learning applications such as brain–machine interfaces (BMIs). However, efficient learning remains elusive for multimodal spike-field data due to their heterogeneous discrete-continuous distributions and different timescales. Approach. Here, we develop a multiscale subspace identification (multiscale SID) algorithm that enables computationally efficient learning for modeling and dimensionality reduction for multimodal discrete-continuous spike-field data. We describe the spike-field activity as combined Poisson and Gaussian observations, for which we derive a new analytical SID method. Importantly, we also introduce a novel constrained optimization approach to learn valid noise statistics, which is critical for multimodal statistical inference of the latent state, neural activity, and behavior. We validate the method using numerical simulations and with spiking and local field potential population activity recorded during a naturalistic reach and grasp behavior. Main results. We find that multiscale SID accurately learned dynamical models of spike-field signals and extracted low-dimensional dynamics from these multimodal signals. Further, it fused multimodal information, thus better identifying the dynamical modes and predicting behavior compared to using a single modality. Finally, compared to existing multiscale expectation-maximization learning for Poisson–Gaussian observations, multiscale SID had a much lower training time while being better in identifying the dynamical modes and having a better or similar accuracy in predicting neural activity and behavior. Significance. Overall, multiscale SID is an accurate learning method that is particularly beneficial when efficient learning is of interest, such as for online adaptive BMIs to track non-stationary dynamics or for reducing offline training time in neuroscience investigations.
Neural network identification of the weakly coherent mode in I-mode discharge on EAST
Authors: Yang K.N. , Liu Z.X. , Liu J. , Long F.F. , Xia T.Y. , Gao X. , Liu Y.J. , Li J.Y. , Li P.C. , Deng C.C. , Yin X.Y. , Li H. , Xie J.L. , Lan T. , Mao W.Z. , Liu A.D. , Zhou C. , Ding W.X. , Zhuang G. , Liu W.D. ,   the EAST Team
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The improved energy confinement mode (I-mode) is widely considered as an important operation regime for ITER. I-mode implementation depends on the specified basic plasma parameters and certain operation conditions, which are discovered by statistical plasma characteristics from a large number of I-mode discharges on a tokamak. The extraction process of I-mode plasma characteristics is complicated, time-consuming, and limited to the sampling rate of the measured signals. Experimental observation of the I-mode is accompanied by the appearance of a weakly coherent mode (WCM). However, it takes much time to accurately scan and quantify WCM characteristics when analyzing many I-mode discharges. Recently, a neural network identification method was developed as an I-mode detector to traverse a whole database as a replacement for manual identification. Two fully connected neural network models were trained with the spectrum of propagation velocity of density perturbation from Doppler backward scattering and the electron density measured by a polarimeter-interferometer system with the experimental advanced superconducting tokamak I-mode database. An accuracy of 98.30% in identifying WCMs in I-mode discharges is achieved with the WCM classification model. In addition, the regime classification model was also utilized to successfully distinguish between the low confinement mode (L-mode), I-mode, and high confinement mode (H-mode) with 96.03% accuracy. Finally, ablation experiments were performed on the regime classifiers, showing that there is potential for further performance improvement with future use of RNN model.
Background studies and normalization of signal events in the Mu2e experiment
Authors: Rachamin R. , Di Falco S. , Ferrari A. , Giusti V. , Müller S. , Pronskikh V. ,   the Mu2e collaboration
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Mu2e experiment is currently being constructed at Fermilab to search for the
neutrino-less conversion of negative muons into electrons in the field of an aluminum nucleus. The
experiment aims at a sensitivity of four orders of magnitude higher than previous related
experiments, which implies highly demanding accuracy requirements both in the design and during
the operation. To achieve such a goal, two important tasks should be accomplished. First, it is
essential to estimate precisely the particle yields and all the backgrounds that could mimic the
monoenergetic conversion electron signal. Second, it is necessary to normalize the signal events
accurately. The normalization of the signal events is planned to be done using a detector system
made of an HPGe detector and a Lanthanum Bromide detector, which will measure the rate of muons
stopped on the aluminum target by looking at the emitted characteristic X-and γ-rays of
energies up to 1809 keV. Therefore, it is essential to evaluate the detector system's performance
before the start of the actual experiment. In this study, the first task was addressed by an
extensive campaign of Monte Carlo simulations to investigate the relevant parameters and their
impact on the experiment's sensitivity. The second task was handled by taking advantage of the
Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR) pulsed Bremsstrahlung photon beam at the ELBE
facility. The detector system was tested at the ELBE facility under timing and background
conditions similar to the ones expected at the Mu2e experiment. The study presents and discusses
the simulation results and the detector system testing campaign.