bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving photovoltaic hosting capacity of distribution networks with coordinated inverter control: A case study of the EPRI J1 feeder
Authors: Dalal Dhaval , Sondharangalla Madhura , Ayyanar Rajapandian , Pal Anamitra 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAdding photovoltaic (PV) systems in distribution networks, while desirable for reducing the carbon footprint, can lead to voltage violations under high solar‐low load conditions. The inability of traditional volt‐VAr control in eliminating all the violations is also well‐known. This article presents a novel coordinated inverter control methodology that leverages system‐wide situational awareness to significantly improve hosting capacity (HC). The methodology employs a real‐time voltage‐reactive power (VQ) sensitivity matrix in an iterative linear optimizer to calculate the minimum reactive power intervention from PV inverters needed for mitigating over‐voltage without resorting to active power curtailing or requiring step voltage regulator setting changes. The algorithm is validated using the EPRI J1 feeder under an extensive set of realistic use cases and is shown to provide 3x improvement in HC under all scenarios.
Enhancing wind power forecasting and ramp detection using long short‐term memory networks and the swinging door algorithm
Authors: Pandit Ravi , Mu Shikun , Astolfi Davide 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAccurate prediction of short‐term wind power ramps is essential for effective smart grid management. This study introduces the swinging door algorithm for ramp detection, which outperforms traditional methods by precisely identifying ramp events. Additionally, a long short‐term memory (LSTM) network is evaluated against established models such as support vector machines, artificial neural networks, convex multi‐task feature learning, and random forest for wind power ramp forecasting. The LSTM model demonstrates superior performance, achieving the lowest weighted mean absolute percentage error of 8.36% and normalized root mean squared error of 0.60, alongside the highest R‐squared (R2) value of 0.73, indicating strong predictive accuracy and correlation with observed data. Furthermore, the combined swinging door algorithm‐LSTM framework improved ramp event detection by 15% compared to traditional methods, showcasing its robustness in capturing both mild and extreme ramp events. This research underlines LSTM's effectiveness in wind power forecasting, marking a notable advancement in prediction methodologies. By illustrating the strengths of LSTM and swinging door algorithm, the study contributes to the refinement of prediction models for smart grid applications, highlighting their potential to transform wind power ramp prediction and detection.
Application of improved sparrow search algorithm and dynamic window method in mobile robot path planning and real‐time obstacle avoidance
Authors: Shen Lingyu , bin Ahmad Hairuddin Muhammad Khairi Faiz 
Published: January 2025

AbstractIn complex dynamic environments, robot path planning faces challenges in multi‐objective optimization, such as path length, smoothness and obstacle avoidance capability. To address this, this paper proposes an improved sparrow search algorithm based on chaotic initialization and the golden positive cosine strategy for multi‐objective path planning. Diverse initial populations are generated through chaotic mapping to enhance global search capability and avoid falling into local optima. The golden positive cosine strategy optimizes individual position updates to accelerate convergence and ensure path smoothness. Results demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms sparrow search algorithm (SSA), with improvements of 21.1% in path length, 16.3% in smoothness and 14.2% in obstacle avoidance capability. After achieving global path optimization, the improved dynamic window approach (IDWA) is employed for real‐time obstacle avoidance in dynamic environments, dynamically adjusting the window size based on robot speed, obstacle density and target distance to adaptively expand or shrink the search space, thereby improving obstacle avoidance flexibility and efficiency. Simulation results show that the proposed method surpasses SSA in terms of path length, smoothness, obstacle avoidance capability and computational efficiency in both static and dynamic environments.
Icarus 3.0: Dynamic heliosphere modelling
Authors: Baratashvili T. , Popescu Braileanu B. , Bacchini F. , Keppens R. , Poedts S. 
Published: January 2025

Context. Space weather predictions are necessary to avoid damage caused by intense geomagnetic storms. Such strong storms are usually caused by a co-rotating interaction region (CIR) passing at Earth or by the arrival of strong coronal mass ejections (CMEs). To mitigate the damage, the effect of propagating CMEs in the solar wind must be estimated accurately at Earth and other locations. Modelling solar wind accurately is crucial for space weather predictions, as it is the medium for CME propagation.
Aims. The Icarus heliospheric modelling tool is upgraded to handle dynamic inner heliospheric driving instead of using steady boundary conditions. The ideal magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) solver and the automated grid-adaptivity are adjusted to the latest MPI-AMRVAC version. This new combination allows us to model the solar heliosphere more accurately.
Methods. The inner boundary conditions, prescribed at 0.1 AU for the heliospheric model, are updated time-dependently throughout the simulation. The coronal model (r < 0.1 AU) is computed repeatedly for selected magnetograms, and the r = 0.1 AU radial boundary prescription is provided to the heliospheric modelling tool. The particle sampling within MPI-AMRVAC is extended to handle stretched spherical grid information. It is well suited for tracing solar wind plasma conditions at the locations of planets and satellites in the heliosphere.
Results. The solar wind obtained in the simulation is dynamic and shows significant variations throughout the evolution. When comparing the results with the observations, the dynamic solar wind results are more accurate than previous results obtained with purely steady boundary driving. The CMEs propagated through the dynamic solar wind background produce more similar signatures in the time-series data than in the steady solar wind.
Conclusions. Dynamic boundary driving in Icarus results in a more self-consistent solar wind evolution in the inner heliosphere. The upgraded particle sampling allows for a very versatile sampling of the solution at the spatio-temporally varying locations of satellites. The obtained space weather modelling tool for dynamic solar wind and CME simulations is better suited for space weather forecasting than a steady solar wind model.
The role of dry mergers in shaping the scaling relations of galaxies
Authors: D’Onofrio Mauro , Chiosi Cesare , Brevi Francesco 
Published: January 2025

Context. In the context of the hierarchical formation of galaxies, we investigated the role played by mergers in shaping the scaling relations of galaxies, that is the projections of their fundamental plane onto the Ie − Re, Ie − σ, Re − Ms, and L − σ planes. To this end, based on the scalar virial theorem, we developed a simple theory of multiple dry mergers to read both the large-scale simulations and the companion scaling relations.
Aims. The aim was to compare the results of this approach with the observational data and with two of the most recent and detailed numerical cosmo-hydro-dynamical simulations: Illustris-TNG and EAGLE (Evolution and Assembly of GaLaxies and their Environments).
Methods. We derived these scaling relations for the galaxies of the Mapping Nearby Galaxies at APO (MaNGA) and Wide-field Imaging of Nearby Galaxy-Clusters Survey (WINGS) databases and compared them with the observational data, the numerical simulations, and the results of our simple theory of dry mergers.
Results. The multiple dry merging mechanism is able to explain all the main characteristics of the observed scaling relations of galaxies, such as slopes, scatters, curvatures, and zones of exclusion. The distribution of galaxies in these planes is continuously changing across time because of the merging activity and other physical processes, such as star formation, quenching, and energy feedback.
Conclusions. The simple merger theory presented here yields the correct distribution of galaxies in the main scaling relations at all cosmic epochs. The precision is comparable with that obtained by the modern cosmo-hydro-dynamical simulations, with the advantage of providing a rapid exploratory response on the consequences engendered by different physical effects.
Manufacturing of hydraulically steerable actuator using closed molding and core template for vascular intervention guidewires
Authors: Park Chan Young , Lee Doo Yong 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Active steering catheters and guidewires for vascular intervention, employing pressure-driven mechanisms, have been studied for their promise of safety, miniaturization capacity, and ease of operation. Manufacturing methods of pressure-driven catheters and guidewires at the microscale is challenging, and suffer from limitations such as low durability, restricted steering shape, cytotoxicity, and applicability. This paper proposes a novel manufacturing method of the hydraulically steerable actuator for micro guidewires utilizing closed molding and a laser-patterned core template. The cylindrical core template composed of stainless steel is employed to ensure biocompatibility and is patterned by femtosecond laser processing with relative errors of up to 15.04%. The proposed method enables a bonding-free manufacturing of the micro actuator which is an eccentric tube with integrated patterns on its inner surface. Trapezoidal patterns are designed to be symmetrically placed in the direction of the eccentricity on the proximal part. The steering shape of the micro actuator is designed by adjusting the geometry of the patterns engraved onto the core template. A steerable actuator of 600 μm diameter with a double bending curvature is manufactured, achieving a maximum bending angle of 132.93 degrees and a steering distance of 9.20 mm. Experiments of selective insertion with the steerable actuator are conducted using the model of cerebral vascular branching, which resembles the human blood flow. The experiment results show that the steerable actuator can navigate through the vascular bifurcations of 4.2 mm and 1.5 mm diameters with branching angles of 112 degrees.
Probing the magnetic ground state of stretched diamond lattices NdTaO4 and NdNbO4: impact of spin–orbit coupling and crystal electric field
Authors: Kumar Jogendra , Solet Vinod Kumar , Ranaut Dheeraj , Pandey Sudhir K , Mukherjee K 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Magnetic systems, wherein competing degree of freedoms arising from spin orbit coupling and crystal electric field lead to non-trivial magnetic ground states, remains in the forefront of research in condensed matter physics. Here, we present a comprehensive investigation on three-dimensional rare-earth based spin systems NdTaO4 and NdNbO4, where the Nd ions sit on a stretched diamond lattice. No signatures of long-range ordering and spin freezing are observed down to 1.8 K, in both cases. The low temperature Curie–Weiss analysis indicate towards the dominance of antiferromagnetic interactions between Nd spins. A three-level CEF model clearly explain the nature of susceptibility curve. At low temperatures, heat capacity data exhibit two-level Schottky anomaly associated with ground state Kramer’s doublet. Additionally, the low temperature magnetic behaviour is found reliable to effective spin (J
eff) = ½ ground state, suggesting the presence of quantum fluctuations in both cases. First-principle calculations reveal a significant value of orbital moment with inclusion of spin orbit coupling and reinforce the J
eff = ½ nature of the ground state.
Adaptive path and process planning method for multi-layer and multi-pass welding of medium-thick plates with robots
Authors: Zhou Quan , Wu Jigang , Li Shichun , Shan Qinghai , Ge Jimin 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Large steel structures inherently have errors such as clamping and continuous thermal deformation, which complicate traditional robotic multi-layer multi-pass (MLMP) welding of medium-thick plates to ensure quality, efficiency, and universality. To address these conditions, this paper proposes an adaptive process and path planning method for MLMP welding of V-grooves utilizing line laser displacement sensors. First, dimensions and profile of the groove are obtained, feature points are extracted, and the robotic path and welding process for the root welding are planned based on the V-groove’s feature information. Then, reference process parameters is used for filling and cover welding. After each pass/layer, feature points of the V-groove will be extracted, and the previous pass/layer formation will be analyzed. And then algorithm proposed in this paper will be used to adjust the process and robotic path to ensure that, before cover welding, the average groove depth will remain within a specific range. Finally, MLMP experiments have been conducted on two V-grooves of different sizes. The results indicate that this method effectively fills the groove. Maintain the average remaining depth of the groove between 1 and 2.5 mm before cover welding, meeting the requirements of different sizes of V-grooves. The entire surface and cross-section of the weld seam are free of defects, and the fusion between the weld seam and the sidewall exceeds 1.5 mm, meeting the requirements for industrial use.
A compact conduction cooled flux pump operating below 77 K
Authors: Iftikhar Muhammad H , Ertekin Ercan , Zhang Min , Yuan Weijia 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
High-temperature superconducting (HTS) magnets are widely used in high field applications due to their exceptional current-carrying capabilities. Traditionally, these magnets are powered by high current power supplies via current leads, which complicates insulation between cryogenic and room temperature environments and introduces significant heat leaks. Recent advancements in flux pumps for HTS magnets now allow charging currents in the kA range without the need for traditional power supplies. However, while some research has realized conduction-cooled traveling wave HTS flux pumps, much of the focus for transformer rectifier flux pumps remains on operating them to charge magnets at liquid cryogen temperatures, with limited attention given to the heat load and cooling capabilities of modern dry cryocoolers. This study presents a compact, modular flux pump designed for operation in conduction-cooled environments. It examines the impact of cooling power on the flux pump’s performance in such settings. A lumped element model implemented in PLECS is validated through experiments conducted at 70 K and 30 K, demonstrating consistent results. Based on this validation, we demonstrate the capability to charge an HTS magnet to 300 mT (

≈

800 A) in a conduction-cooled environment using a compact, self-regulating HTS flux pump.
Designing an online BCI forum: insights from researchers and end-users
Authors: Ziebell Philipp , Modde Aurélie , Roland Ellen , Eidel Matthias , Vansteensel Mariska J , Mrachacz-Kersting Natalie , Vaughan Theresa M , Kübler Andrea 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Objective. Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) can support non-muscular communication and device control for severely paralyzed people. However, efforts that directly involve potential or actual end-users and address their individual needs are scarce, demonstrating a translational gap. An online BCI forum supported by the BCI Society could initiate and sustainably strengthen interactions between BCI researchers and end-users to bridge this gap. Approach. We interviewed six severely paralyzed individuals and surveyed 121 BCI researchers to capture their opinions and wishes concerning an online BCI forum. Data were analyzed with a mixed-method quantitative and qualitative content analysis. Main results. All end-users and most researchers (83%) reported an interest in participating in an online BCI forum. Rating questions and open comments to identify design aspects included what should be featured most prominently, how people would get engaged in the online BCI forum, and which pitfalls should be considered. Significance. Responses support establishing an online BCI forum to serve as a meaningful resource for the entire BCI community.
The scoping, design, and plasma physics optimization of the Eos neutron source stellarator
Authors: Swanson C.P.S. , Gates D.A. , Kumar S.T.A. , Martin M.F. , Kruger T.G. , Dudt D.W. , Bonofiglo P.J. ,   the Thea Energy team
Published: January 2025

Abstract
On the path to a fusion pilot plant, Thea Energy plans to build Eos, a sub-breakeven, deuterium-deuterium, beam-target fusion, stellarator neutron source facility for producing tritium and other valuable radioisotopes. In this paper, a set of 1D plasma physics models are coupled and used to design the operating point of the facility and predict performance. At this foundational stage of the design, analytic and approximate models are sufficient to capture the leading-order effects, and fast enough to run in the inner loop of an optimizer. Higher-fidelity analyses will follow. Models of 1D profile-dependent neutral beam stopping, ion beam slowing down, beam-target fusion, electron-ion classical heat transfer, energy confinement (ISS04), beam pressure, beam heating of ions and electrons, beam-beam fusion fraction, and neutral beam injection and gyrotron heating electrical efficiencies are included. A numerical optimizer is used to determine the minimum required facility electric power to generate tritium at a given rate. A potentially advantageous regime is described in which modern precisely-quasisymmetric stellarators, new high-temperature superconductors, ITER-derived neutral beam injection, and new high-frequency gyrotrons enable a suitible target plasma with hot electrons, cold ions, peaked density and temperature profiles, and high beam-injected ion density. It appears possible at this time for a facility with a medium-scale and medium-strength stellarator whose required facility electric power is less than 40 MW to produce

2.5
×

10

17

neutrons s−1 for the production of radioisotopes. With the addition of a tritium breeding blanket, such a facility could produce 0.2 grams d−1 or 70 grams yr−1 of tritium.
Hall MHD simulations of MARFE movements in limiter and divertor configurations
Authors: Zu Yiming , Ma Zhiwei , Zhang Wei , Chen Wenjin , Xu Yuchen , Zhuang Ge 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
MARFE movements in limiter and divertor configurations are studied using impurity Hall MHD code CLT. We simulate the MARFE movement experiment on J-TEXT and validated the simulation by comparing the line-averaged density and line radiation intensity between the simulation and the experiment. It is found that impurity radiation cooling enhances the Hall effect, leading to the MARFE movement. Impurity radiation cooling causes the locally enhanced distribution of the current density. When the enhanced current approaches close to the q = 2 resonant surface, the tearing mode is excited. We also simulated MARFE movement in a lower divertor configuration with the X-point. The results show that the impurity radiation cooling at the X-point generates a clockwise poloidal velocity flow towards the high-field side. This velocity is mainly driven by the impurity radiation cooling while the Hall effect can be ignorable. When the temperature cooling is strong, this poloidal velocity is significant enough to drive MARFE towards the high-field side. Otherwise, MARFE remains located at the X-point.
Unraveling the depth-dependent causal dynamics of methanogenesis and methanotrophy in a high-latitude fen peatland
Authors: Yang Shuai , Tang Jinyun , Li Zhen , Yuan Kunxiaojia , Wu Qiong , Chang Kuang-Yu , Hodgkins Suzanne B , Wilson Rachel M , Zhu Qing , Grant Robert F , Riley William J , Saleska Scott R , Rich Virginia I , Varner Ruth K 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The dynamics of methane (CH4) cycling in high-latitude peatlands through different pathways of methanogenesis and methanotrophy are still poorly understood due to the spatiotemporal complexity of microbial activities and biogeochemical processes. Additionally, long-term in situ measurements within soil columns are limited and associated with large uncertainties in microbial substrates (e.g. dissolved organic carbon, acetate, hydrogen). To better understand CH4 cycling dynamics, we first applied an advanced biogeochemical model, ecosys, to explicitly simulate methanogenesis, methanotrophy, and CH4 transport in a high-latitude fen (within the Stordalen Mire, northern Sweden). Next, to explore the vertical heterogeneity in CH4 cycling, we applied the PCMCI/PCMCI+ causal detection framework with a bootstrap aggregation method to the modeling results, characterizing causal relationships among regulating factors (e.g. temperature, microbial biomass, soil substrate concentrations) through acetoclastic methanogenesis, hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis, and methanotrophy, across three depth intervals (0–10 cm, 10–20 cm, 20–30 cm). Our results indicate that temperature, microbial biomass, and methanogenesis and methanotrophy substrates exhibit significant vertical variations within the soil column. Soil temperature demonstrates strong causal relationships with both biomass and substrate concentrations at the shallower depth (0–10 cm), while these causal relationships decrease significantly at the deeper depth within the two methanogenesis pathways. In contrast, soil substrate concentrations show significantly greater causal relationships with depth, suggesting the substantial influence of substrates on CH4 cycling. CH4 production is found to peak in August, while CH4 oxidation peaks predominantly in October, showing a lag response between production and oxidation. Overall, this research provides important insights into the causal mechanisms modulating CH4 cycling across different depths, which will improve carbon cycling predictions, and guide the future field measurement strategies.
Chiral molecular sensing based on spatially selective coupling between achiral metasurface and chiral molecules
Authors: Han Baojuan , Yang Xiaodong , Gao Jie 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Detection and identification of chiral molecules are important for pharmaceutical industry, clinical analysis, and food analysis. Here, chiral molecular sensing based on spatially selective coupling between achiral metasurface and chiral molecules is demonstrated. The designed achiral metasurface exhibits strong optical chirality and electric field with dissymmetric distribution, and chiral molecules are selectively placed over the area with large optical chirality to form the coupled metasurface-molecule system with circular dichroism (CD) response for chiral molecular sensing. The CD spectra of the metasurface coupled with pure D-alanine enantiomer, L-alanine enantiomer and their mixtures are examined. The linear relationship between the peak CD value and the enantiomeric excess is demonstrated for the detection and identification of pure enantiomers and their mixtures. Furthermore, the CD response of the coupled system shows potential for the sensing of molar concentration of chiral molecules. Moreover, the effect of spatial location of molecules on the CD response is analyzed to show potential for position sensing of chiral molecules. These results of chiral molecular sensing with achiral metasurface offer new opportunities for advancing biomolecular sensing applications.