bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Finite Duration Impacts With External Forces
Authors: Quinn D. Dane 
Published: August 2005

Abstract
This work considers the effect of external forces during finite duration collisions using an incremental model of impact. The deformation of the “rigid” body is modeled through an elastic element and the time interval over which contact occurs is of finite duration. Moreover, the work done by the external forces is nonzero during the collision. This model allows for an equivalent coefficient of restitution e to be identified. In the presence of a constant external force the coefficient of restitution depends not only on the system parameters, but the initial relative velocity at the point of impact. For external forces which tend to bring the colliding bodies together, the colliding bodies remain in contact for sufficiently small impact velocities (e=0) while for larger incoming speeds, the coefficient of restitution is positive. This state dependent restitution arises from the coupling of external forces to the collision model, and is not seen in more familiar models of impact. Finally, based on the results of the experimental system and the incremental model, the standard algebraic model of restitution is modified to include these finite duration effects.
An Acoustic Model for Wave Propagation in a Weak
Layer
Authors: El-Raheb Michael 
Published: August 2005

Abstract
An acoustic model is developed for transient wave propagation in a weak layer excited by prescribed pressure or prescribed acceleration at the boundary. The validity of the acoustic model is investigated for the two excitations. A comparison of transient response from the acoustic model and a 3D axisymmetric elastic model reveals that for prescribed acceleration the acoustic model fails to capture important features of the elastic model even as Poisson ratio ν approaches 1∕2. However for prescribed pressure, the two models agree since shear stress is reduced. For prescribed acceleration adopting the modal approach, the mixed boundary-value problem on the excited boundary is converted to a pure traction problem utilizing the influence method. To validate the elaborate modal approach a finite difference model is also developed.
TOP PAIR PRODUCTION CROSS-SECTION MEASUREMENT IN THE ALL-HADRONIC CHANNEL AT CDF AND DØ
Authors:   on behalf of the CDF and the DØ Collaborations., WICKE DANIEL 
Published: August 2005

Measurements of the [Formula: see text] production cross-section at [Formula: see text] in proton-antiproton collisions were performed by the CDF and DØ collaborations using [Formula: see text] final states where both W's decay hadronically. Each experiment uses luminosity of about 160 pb-1 of data collected during Run II of the Fermilab Tevatron collider. Beside kinematical observables both experiments take advantage of identifying b jets based on lifetime tagging. While CDF counts the number of b-tags over background after a cut based analysis, DØ counts the excess of events after a neural network based kinematical selection and requiring a b-tagged jet. CDF obtains [Formula: see text]; [Formula: see text].
A common ancestral glycoprotein (GP) 9 1828A>G (Asn45Ser) gene mutation occurring in European families from Australia and Northern Europe with Bernard-Soulier syndrome (BSS)
Authors: Morel-Kopp Marie-Christine , Clemetson Jeannine M. , Clemetson Kenneth J. , Kekomaki Riitta , Kroll Hartmut , Michaelides Katerina , Tuddenham Edward G. D. , Vanhoorelbeke Karen , Ward Christopher M. , Helena Liang Hai Po 
Published: August 2005

SummaryBernard-Soulier syndrome (BSS) is an extremely rare hereditary bleeding disorder, caused by mutations occurring in the Glycoprotein (GP) Ibα, GPIbβ and GP9 genes that encode for the corresponding subunits of platelet GPIb-V-IX adhesion receptor complex. BSS has been reported in many populations, mostly behaving in an autosomal-recessive manner. While the great majority of BSS mutations are unique to a single individual or family, the GP9 1828A>G Asn45Ser mutation, which we have identified in an undocumented Australian Caucasian, has already been reported in multiple unrelated Caucasian families from various Northern and Central European countries. Haplotype analysis of 19 BSS patients from 15 unrelated Northern European families (including 2 compound heterozygote siblings from a British family previously published, and 17 1828A>G Asn45Ser homozygotes), showed that 14 of these BSS patients from 11 of the 1828A>G Asn45Ser homozygote families share a common haplotype at the chromosomal region 3’ to the GP9 gene. Hence, the results suggest that the GP9 1828A>GAsn45Ser mutation in these families is ancient, and its frequent emergence in the European population is the result of a founder effect rather than recurrent mutational events. Association of the 1828A>G Asn45Ser mutation with variant haplotypes in 4 other Northern European BSS families raised the possibility of a second founder event, or rare recombinations in these families. Additional members from these ‘atypical’ lineages would need to be screened to resolve this question.
Advanced Glycosylation End Products Might Promote Atherosclerosis Through Inducing the Immune Maturation of Dendritic Cells
Authors: Ge Junbo , Jia Qingzhe , Liang Chun , Luo Yukun , Huang Dong , Sun Aijun , Wang Keqiang , Zou Yunzeng , Chen Haozhu 
Published: August 2005

Objective—Both advanced glycosylation end products (AGEs) and dendritic cells (DCs) have been shown to play a causative role in atherosclerosis. However, whether they function interactively in the process remains uncertain. We therefore studied the effects of AGE–bovine serum albumin (AGE-BSA) on the maturation of DCs and the expressions of scavenger receptor-A (SR-A) and receptor for AGEs (RAGE) on DCs.Methods and Results—AGE-BSA induced DCs maturation accompanied with increased expressions of CD1a, CD40, CD80, CD83, CD86, and MHC class II. The capacity of DCs to stimulate T-cell proliferation and secretion of cytokines (interferon [IFN], IFN-γ, interleukin [IL]-10 and IL-12) was also enhanced by AGE-BSA. AGE-BSA significantly upregulated SR-A and RAGE expression on DCs and the upregulation was abolished by inhibition of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase Jnk, but not by that of Erk and p38 MAP kinase. AGE-BSA–induced expression of CD83 and secretion of IL-12 were partly inhibited by either an anti-RAGE neutralizing antibody or a Jnk inhibitor.Conclusions—AGE-BSA induces maturation of DCs and augmented their capacity to stimulate T-cell proliferation and cytokine secretions possibly through upregulation of RAGE and SR-A, which at least in part through Jnk. These findings might explain in part the interactive roles of AGEs and DCs in the processes of atherosclerosis.
The Role of Wave Packets in Wave–Mean Flow Interactions during Southern Hemisphere Summer
Authors: Chang Edmund K. M. 
Published: August 2005

Abstract
In this study, reanalysis data produced by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts for 14 Southern Hemisphere (SH) summer seasons have been analyzed. All cases of hemispheric transient eddy kinetic energy (TEKE) maxima have been identified, and the evolution of the local energetics and planetary-scale flow anomalies accompanying these TEKE growth/decay episodes are composited.
The longitude–time evolution of the composite energetics shows the clear signature of a wave packet propagating eastward at a group velocity of about 27° longitude per day and undergoing a life cycle of growth and decay, with the energetics within a volume close to the wave packet center dominating the hemispheric mean energetics. When individual cases are examined, 52% are found to resemble the composite and have the energetics life cycle dominated by the evolution of a single wave packet, and an additional 21% are found to be dominated by the evolution of two wave packets having similar amplitudes. Only the remaining 27% can be regarded as having experienced TEKE growth and decay throughout much of the hemisphere.
The zonal mean flow and eddy feedback anomalies (i.e., reduction in the meridional temperature gradient due to the effects of the eddy heat fluxes, as well as increase in the barotropic shear due to a narrowing of the midlatitude jet through the effects of the eddy momentum fluxes) associated with the cases dominated by the evolution of a single wave packet are also found to be dominated by anomalies close to the wave packet center.
The fact that hemispheric wave growth/decay is often dominated by the evolution of a single wave packet has interesting dynamical consequences when the climatological basic flow is not zonally symmetric. When a wave packet propagates over regions of enhanced baroclinicity, it can extract more energy from the mean flow via baroclinic conversion, leading to its preferential growth. On the other hand, when a wave packet propagates over regions of weak baroclinicity, baroclinic conversion is suppressed; hence any packet growth must be due to other processes. By examining the location of wave packet peaks when hemispheric TEKE is at a maximum, it is observed that hemispheric mean TEKE peaks much more frequently when the dominant wave packet is located downstream of the region with strongest baroclinicity. In addition, the growth in TEKE for these cases is usually dominated by an increase in baroclinic conversion. In contrast, for the small number of cases in which the hemispheric mean TEKE maximum occurs when the dominant wave packet is located downstream of the region with weakest baroclinicity, the growth of the hemispheric TEKE is instead dominated by a reduction in barotropic dissipation.
Symptom Prevalence and Treatments Among Mexican Americans With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: García Alexandra A. 
Published: August 2005

Purpose The purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence of diabetes-related symptoms among Mexican Americans with type 2 diabetes, their perceptions of symptom seriousness, treatments used to self-manage the symptoms, and ratings of treatment effectiveness. Methods As part of a larger descriptive correlational study conducted with 87 Mexican American adults in a southwest metropolitan area, data were collected during one-on-one interviews during outpatient visits using the Diabetes Symptom Self-care Inventory and analyzed with descriptive methods, t tests, and χ2s. Results Participants experienced 4.9 diabetes-related symptoms in a 30-day period and used a variety of treatments to self-manage the symptoms. Many of the self-management strategies were not appropriate for the most common causes of the symptoms. Few people tested their blood glucose levels in response to symptoms even though most owned glucometers. Conclusions Most people who experience diabetes symptoms used self-care to treat the symptoms, did not verify the cause of the symptom, and perceived their treatments as effective. The appropriateness of the treatments used cannot be evaluated without knowing the etiology of the symptom for a particular person and time. Clinicians must assess symptoms and their treatments to best develop effective individualized treatments.
Anatomical Acromioclavicular Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Grutter Paul W. , Petersen Steve A. 
Published: August 2005

Background Current surgical treatments for acromioclavicular separations do not re-create the anatomy of the acromioclavicular joint. Hypothesis Anatomical acromioclavicular reconstruction re-creates the strength of the native acromioclavicular joint and is stronger than a modified Weaver-Dunn repair. Study Design Controlled laboratory study. Methods The native acromioclavicular joint in 6 fresh-frozen cadaveric upper extremities was stressed to failure under uniaxial tension in the coronal plane. A modified Weaver-Dunn procedure, anatomical acromioclavicular reconstruction using a palmaris longus graft, and anatomical acromioclavicular reconstruction using a flexor carpi radialis graft were then performed sequentially. Each repair was stressed to failure. Load-displacement curves and mechanism of failure were recorded for each. Results Loads at failure for the native acromioclavicular joint complex, modified Weaver-Dunn procedure, anatomical acromioclavicular reconstruction using a palmaris longus tendon graft, and anatomical acromioclavicular reconstruction using a flexor carpi radialis tendon graft were 815 N, 483 N, 326 N, and 774 N, respectively. The strength of the native acromioclavicular joint complex was significantly different from the modified Weaver-Dunn repair (P <. 001) and the anatomical acromioclavicular reconstruction using a palmaris longus tendon graft (P <. 001) but not from the anatomical acromioclavicular reconstruction using a flexor carpi radialis tendon graft (P =. 607). Conclusion The strength of the described anatomical acromioclavicular reconstruction is limited by the tendon graft used. Anatomical acromioclavicular reconstruction with a flexor carpi radialis tendon graft re-creates the tensile strength of the native acromioclavicular joint complex and is superior to a modified Weaver-Dunn repair.
Endogenous NGF regulates CGRP expression in human monocytes, and affects HLA-DR and CD86 expression and IL-10 production
Authors: Bracci-Laudiero Luisa , Aloe Luigi , Caroleo Maria Cristina , Buanne Pasquale , Costa Nicola , Starace Giuseppe , Lundeberg Thomas 
Published: August 2005

AbstractOur recent results on autocrine nerve growth factor (NGF) synthesis in B lymphocytes, which directly regulates the expression and release of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), a neuropeptide known to down-regulate immune response, led us to propose an anti-inflammatory action of NGF. In the present work, we investigated whether the endogenous synthesis of NGF can regulate the expression of CGRP in other antigen-presenting cells, such as monocytes, and whether this may have a functional effect. Our data indicate that human monocytes synthesize basal levels of NGF and CGRP and that, following lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation, NGF and CGRP expression are both up-regulated. When endogenous NGF is neutralized, the up-regulation of CGRP expression induced by LPS is inhibited. The expression of membrane molecules involved in T-cell activation such as human leukocyte antigen-DR (HLA-DR) and CD86 is affected by endogenous NGF, and similar effects were obtained using a CGRP1 receptor antagonist. In addition, NGF deprivation in LPS-treated monocytes significantly decreases interleukin 10 (IL-10) synthesis. Our findings indicate that endogenous NGF synthesis has a functional role and may represent a physiologic mechanism to down-regulate major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II and CD86 expression and alter the development of immune responses.
PALSSE: A program to delineate linear secondary structural elements from protein structures
Authors: Majumdar Indraneel , Krishna S Sri , Grishin Nick V 
Published: August 2005

Abstract
Background
The majority of residues in protein structures are involved in the formation of α-helices and β-strands. These distinctive secondary structure patterns can be used to represent a protein for visual inspection and in vector-based protein structure comparison. Success of such structural comparison methods depends crucially on the accurate identification and delineation of secondary structure elements.

Results
We have developed a method PALSSE (Predictive Assignment of Linear Secondary Structure Elements) that delineates secondary structure elements (SSEs) from protein Cα coordinates and specifically addresses the requirements of vector-based protein similarity searches. Our program identifies two types of secondary structures: helix and β-strand, typically those that can be well approximated by vectors. In contrast to traditional secondary structure algorithms, which identify a secondary structure state for every residue in a protein chain, our program attributes residues to linear SSEs. Consecutive elements may overlap, thus allowing residues located at the overlapping region to have more than one secondary structure type.

Conclusion
PALSSE is predictive in nature and can assign about 80% of the protein chain to SSEs as compared to 53% by DSSP and 57% by P-SEA. Such a generous assignment ensures almost every residue is part of an element and is used in structural comparisons. Our results are in agreement with human judgment and DSSP. The method is robust to coordinate errors and can be used to define SSEs even in poorly refined and low-resolution structures. The program and results are available at http://prodata.swmed.edu/palsse/.
A screen for proteins that interact with PAX6: C-terminal mutations disrupt interaction with HOMER3, DNCL1 and TRIM11
Authors: Cooper Simon T , Hanson Isabel M 
Published: August 2005

Abstract

Background
The PAX6 protein is a transcriptional regulator with a key role in ocular and neurological development. Individuals with heterozygous loss-of-function mutations in the PAX6 gene have malformations of the eye and brain. Little is known about the interactions of PAX6 with other proteins, so we carried out a systematic screen for proteins that interact with PAX6.

Results
We used bioinformatics techniques to characterise a highly conserved peptide at the C-terminus of the PAX6 protein. Yeast two-hybrid library screens were then carried out to identify brain-expressed proteins that interact with the C-terminal peptide and with the entire PAX6 proline-serine-threonine-rich domain. Three novel PAX6-interacting proteins were identified: the post-synaptic density (PSD) protein HOMER3, the dynein subunit DNCL1, and the tripartite motif protein TRIM11. Three C-terminal PAX6 mutations, previously identified in patients with eye malformations, all reduced or abolished the interactions.

Conclusion
Our preliminary data suggest that PAX6 interacts with HOMER3, DNCL1 and TRIM11. We propose that the interaction of PAX6 with HOMER3 and DNCL1 is a mechanism by which synaptic activation could lead to changes in neuronal transcriptional activity, and that some of the neural anomalies in patients with PAX6 mutations could be explained by impaired protein-protein interactions.
Suicidal tendencies and attitude towards freedom to choose suicide among Lithuanian schoolchildren: results from three cross-sectional studies in 1994, 1998, and 2002
Authors: Zemaitiene Nida , Zaborskis Apolinaras 
Published: August 2005

AbstractBackgroundSuicidal behaviour is increasingly becoming a phenomenon associated with young people and an important public health issue in Lithuania. However, there are very few studies evaluating impact of young peoples' attitudes towards suicide to their suicidal behaviour. A better understanding of the relations among the variables associated with suicidal ideation and threats in the normal population of adolescents may eventually result in a better understanding of the more serious forms of adolescent suicidal behaviour. The aim of the present study was to evaluate prevalence of suicidal tendencies among Lithuanian schoolchildren and to estimate its association with an attitude towards suicide in 1994 – 2002.MethodsThree country representative samples of schoolchildren, aged 11, 13 and 15, were surveyed in 1994 (n = 5428), 1998 (n = 4513), and 2002 (n = 5645) anonymously in conformity with the methodology of the World Health Organization Cross – National study on Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC).ResultsAbout one third of respondents reported about suicidal ideation, plans or attempts to commit suicide. In the study period of eight years, the percentage of adolescents who reported sometime suicidal ideation decreased but the percentage of adolescents who declared serious suicidal behaviour remained on the same high level (8.1%, 9.8% and 8.4% correspondingly in 1994, 1998 and 2002). Moreover, the number of suicidal attempts changed from 1.0% in 1994 to 1.8% in the year 1998 and to 1,7% in the year 2002. The schoolchildren's attitude towards suicide became more agreeable: 36.6%, 41.9% and 62.5% of respondents, correspondingly in 1994, 1998 and 2002, answered that they agree with a person's freedom to make a choice between life and suicide. A multiple logistic regression analysis with low level of suicidality and high level of suicidality versus non suicidal behaviour as dependent variables for gender, age, year of the survey and attitude towards freedom to choose suicide as independent variables approved a significant association between studied covariates over the entire study period.ConclusionSuicidal tendencies are quite frequent among Lithuanian adolescents. An increasing number of schoolchildren are expressing an agreeable attitude towards suicide. The approving attitude towards suicide among adolescents correlates with suicidal ideation and behaviour.
Pretest probability assessment derived from attribute matching
Authors: Kline Jeffrey A , Johnson Charles L , Pollack Charles V , Diercks Deborah B , Hollander Judd E , Newgard Craig D , Garvey J Lee 
Published: August 2005

Abstract

Background
Pretest probability (PTP) assessment plays a central role in diagnosis. This report compares a novel attribute-matching method to generate a PTP for acute coronary syndrome (ACS). We compare the new method with a validated logistic regression equation (LRE).

Methods
Eight clinical variables (attributes) were chosen by classification and regression tree analysis of a prospectively collected reference database of 14,796 emergency department (ED) patients evaluated for possible ACS. For attribute matching, a computer program identifies patients within the database who have the exact profile defined by clinician input of the eight attributes. The novel method was compared with the LRE for ability to produce PTP estimation <2% in a validation set of 8,120 patients evaluated for possible ACS and did not have ST segment elevation on ECG. 1,061 patients were excluded prior to validation analysis because of ST-segment elevation (713), missing data (77) or being lost to follow-up (271).

Results
In the validation set, attribute matching produced 267 unique PTP estimates [median PTP value 6%, 1st–3rd quartile 1–10%] compared with the LRE, which produced 96 unique PTP estimates [median 24%, 1st–3rd quartile 10–30%]. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves were 0.74 (95% CI 0.65 to 0.82) for the attribute matching curve and 0.68 (95% CI 0.62 to 0.77) for LRE.
The attribute matching system categorized 1,670 (24%, 95% CI = 23–25%) patients as having a PTP < 2.0%; 28 developed ACS (1.7% 95% CI = 1.1–2.4%). The LRE categorized 244 (4%, 95% CI = 3–4%) with PTP < 2.0%; four developed ACS (1.6%, 95% CI = 0.4–4.1%).

Conclusion
Attribute matching estimated a very low PTP for ACS in a significantly larger proportion of ED patients compared with a validated LRE.