bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Printed Inductors
Authors: Ooi Ban-Leong , Xu Dao-Xian 
Published: April 2005

AbstractA new efficient method for calculating the inductance value of a spiral inductor with special emphasis on the nonuniform current distribution on the metallic trace is described. Based on the partial inductance method, a unified approach for modeling the eddy current and skin depth of spiral inductor has been presented. Our proposed method is validated with experimental results, and good agreement has been obtained.
Terahertz Science, Engineering and Systems—from Space to Earth Applications
Authors: De Maagt Peter , Bolivar Peter Haring , Mann Chris 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThe terahertz (THz) part of the electromagnetic spectrum falls between the lower frequency millimetre wave region and, at higher frequencies, the far‐infrared region. As the THz region separates the more established domains of microwaves and optics, a typical THz technique will incorporate aspects of both realms, and may even draw on the best of both. The two bounding parts of the spectrum also yield distinct sets of methods of generating and detecting THz waves. As a result of breakthroughs in technology, the THz region is finally finding applications outside its traditional heartlands of remote sensing and radio astronomy. Extensive research has identified many attractive uses and has paved the technological path towards flexible and accessible THz systems. This paper discusses the range of THz applications (both space and terrestrial) and will present the components and systems that are utilised for the region, both from a sort of historic perspective and from the point of view of recent developments. A split has been made in microwave THz and optical THz technology according to the underlying basic technologies. Future trends are also discussed.
Gratings and Grating Antennas
Authors: Rodenbeck Christopher T. , Chang Kai 
Published: April 2005

AbstractAgratingis an array of parallel obstructions separated from one another at a distance comparable to a wavelength. When an electromagnetic wave is incident up on a grating, it scatters to one or more specific angles determined by the spacing of the grating and the frequency of the wave. Since this effect is a diffraction phenomenon, gratings are often also referred to asdiffraction gratings.One of the most important uses of the diffraction grating is as an antenna for millimeter‐wave through optical frequencies. This type of diffraction grating is the primary focus of this article. In integrated optics, grating antennas are used to couple power into and out of dielectric waveguides. For millimeter‐wave systems, grating antennas have received attention for several key advantages that they have in comparison with other conventional microwave antennas. They have low radiation losses, they are inexpensive and easy to fabricate, and they are planar. There is also considerable interest in using grating antennas to implement low‐cost beam steering at millimeter‐wave frequencies.This article examines gratings and grating antennas in a series of five sections. Each of these sections is presented in such a way that it may be read independently from the others. An overview of the historical development of diffraction gratings is presented. The fundamental principles behind grating diffraction are explained in a manner suitable for those with an RF/microwave background. A clear design procedure for grating antennas is offered, along with an extensive reference list for those interested in further study. Some of the latest and most impressive applications of millimeter‐wave gratings are described. The article then concludes with a brief discussion of the future of this field.
Microwave Resonance Plasma Source
Authors: Taube Alexander L. , Demyashev Gregory M. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThis article summarizes important aspects of a microwave resonance plasma source (MRPS ) based on the resonance phenomenon and running at atmospheric pressure. The novel MRPS using the high‐efficiency tunable cylindrical resonant cavity of TM013mode and operating at 2.45 GHz, was designed and manufactured. The MRPS was successfully approved with different carrier gases (N2, Ar, He) and precursor (gases, liquids, and powders) for creation of thermal plasma torch.Some examples of technological applications are highlighted. The feasibility of using the MRPS for nitriding/oxinitriding of Ti, 304 and 316 stainless steel, and 5140 steel by pure N2and with air (the mixture of N278 vol% +O221 vol%) was confirmed. For the purpose of plasma chemistry applications, two gaseous systems were chosen. The first one is CO2–H2O–N2, which imitates exhaust/flue gases. The second one is CO2–N2, which is of interest for deposition of superhard nanocrystalline carbon nitride (C3N4), the hardness of which is comparable to that of diamond. The MRPS commercially applicable in industry is practical for plasma chemistry, materials processing, coating deposition, surface treatment, and other applications.
Electromagnetic Field Computation in Planar Multilayers
Authors: Michalski Krzysztof Arkadiusz 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThe computation of electromagnetic fields in planar, multilayered, uniaxial media is discussed. In particular, a complete set of electric and magnetic dyadic Green functions is derived for such media, in a computationally efficient and convenient‐to‐use form, based on a transmission‐line equivalent circuit along the axis normal to the stratification.
Load‐Pull Techniques
Authors: Teppati Valeria , Ferrero Andrea , Pisani Umberto , Colantonio Paolo , Giannini Franco , Limiti Ernesto 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThis contribution is an overview on classic and advanced load‐pull measurement techniques. The definition of the main measured quantities along with the detailed description of several modern test sets will be given. Furthermore, several experimental results are reported to highlight the applicability and utility of these techniques for modern device development.
Capacitance Extraction
Authors: Yu Wenjian , Wang Zeyi 
Published: April 2005

AbstractWith the advances in integrated circuit (IC) technology, the effects of electromagnetic coupling among the metal interconnect lines have greatly influenced circuit performance in both VLSI circuits and microwave ICs. Therefore, the modeling and accurate extraction of interconnect capacitance has become a subject of advanced research in these fields. In this article, the fundamental theory, contemporary methodology, and algorithms of capacitance extraction are presented. First, the electrostatic basis of the capacitor is introduced and the capacitance for a multiconductor system is defined. Then, the practical methodologies of capacitance extraction for VLSI interconnects are presented, ranging from 1D, 2D, 2.5D to 3D methods and including the technique used for the task of current full‐chip extraction. Various numerical techniques of 3D capacitance extraction are discussed, some of which represent the frontier of this research field. For 3D capacitance extraction, the state of the art in fast boundary‐element methods and semianalytical approaches are surveyed, with a fairly complete list of references. Finally, some future tends on capacitance extraction are discussed.
Active Filters: Tools and Techniques for Active Filter Design
Authors: Billonnet Laurent , Jarry Bernard , Barelaud Bruno 
Published: April 2005

AbstractIn this article, we first discuss the use of CAD tools for microwave and RF filter design. We emphasize that, without any strong microwave design background and experience, optimization tools unavoidably lead to nonreproducible solutions. We then show the necessary implementation of analytical procedures to set and verify some essential characteristics of low‐noise active devices, with the examples of electrical stability criteria and noise performance calculation, prediction, and optimization. Section 2 deals with the description of tools and techniques for filter improvements. We begin with an extended consideration of compensation techniques based on response selectivity and circuit dimensions improvement. The technique is illustrated with the design of a one‐pole interdigital filter and a two‐pole coplanar filter whose response and size have been improved using this approach. We then generalise the principle to the active‐impedance profile (AIP ) technique, which is illustrated with the application to multistandard and pseudomultipole filters. Finally, novel approaches and new technologies for new microwave and RF communications needs are detailed. We confront GaAs processes to silicon‐based technologies in terms of processes themselves, and in terms of CAD tools, component implementation, compactness, relative size, and cost with two basic circuit examples. Migration to silicon‐based processes also involves novel implementation approaches, including differential circuits. This last approach is illustrated with experimental results.
Analytical and Adaptive Modeling of Nonlinear High Power Amplifiers
Authors: Ibnkahla Mohamed 
Published: April 2005

AbstractHigh‐power amplifiers are used in modern communication systems for their high‐power efficiency. However, these amplifiers have generally nonlinear characteristics, leading to signal distortion and adjacent channel interference. We review the most popular analytical models for these nonlinear characteristics. A special focus is given to adaptive models—mainly neural network approaches—which have emerged as efficient tools for the modeling, identification, and characterization of nonlinear amplifiers.
Effect of metal salt of ethylene/methacrylic acid copolymer on electron beam crosslinking of low density polyethylene
Authors: Ali Z. I. , Legocka I. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractA thermoplastic resin based on ethylene/methacrylic acid copolymer (EMA) was used as a modifier for different low density polyethylene (LDPE) batches under the effect of electron beam irradiation. The EMA resin was used in the zinc metal form at a constant ratio of 9 wt% in all preparations. The effect of EMA resin as a crosslinking agent was characterized by percentage gel fraction, tensile mechanical, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). In this study, the maximum gel content (Gmax) and gelling dose (Dgel) parameters were determined by applying the familiar Charlesby–Pinner relationship. The results showed that the gel content for all investigated samples gradually increases with increasing irradiation dose. The modified LDPE batches with EMA show higher gel content than unmodified ones at any irradiation dose. Also, the gel content of all LDPE composites decreases as a result of post‐storage effect. The mechanical properties (tensile strength and elongation at break) exhibit significant change as a result of irradiation and blending the LDPE batch with EMA. The level of change in mechanical properties seems to be more pronounced for EMA‐modified LDPE batches. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Adv Polym Techn 24:103–113, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/adv.20034
Improvement of paper strength with starch modified clay
Authors: Yan Zegui , Liu Qiujuan , Deng Yulin , Ragauskas Arthur 
Published: April 2005

AbstractIn order to improve the strength properties of high filler filled papers, a new technique of coating starch on the clay surface was developed. The stability of the coated starch and its effects on paper properties were studied. It was found that the starch coated on the clay surface swelled in water. This swelled starch film on the filler surface contributes significantly to the filler–filler bonding. The strength properties of handsheets made from starch coated clay, even with unmodified corn starch, could be increased by more than 15% versus those from the traditional method of adding cationic or amphoteric potato starch directly to 50% bleached softwood pulp/50% bleached hardwood pulp. This research suggests that the starch coated filler can be used to make high filler content paper products. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 97: 44–50, 2005
Dose‐independent pharmacokinetics of torasemide after intravenous and oral administration to rats
Authors: Lee Dae Y. , Kim Ji Y. , Kim Yu C. , Kwon Jong W. , Kim Won B. , Lee Myung G. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractAfter intravenous (at doses of 1, 2, 5, and 10 mg/kg) and oral (at doses of 1, 5, and 10 mg/kg) administration of torasemide, the pharmacokinetic parameters were dose‐independent. Hence, the extent of absolute oral bioavailability (F) was also independent of oral doses; the values were 95.6, 98.8, and 97.3% for oral doses of 1, 5, and 10 mg/kg, respectively. The high F values indicated that the first‐pass (gastric, intestinal, and hepatic) effects of torasemide in rats could be almost negligible. After intravenous administration, the total body clearances of torasemide were extensively slower than the reported cardiac output in rats and hepatic extraction ratio was only 3–4% suggesting almost negligible first‐pass effects of torasemide in the heart, lung, and liver in rats. Based on in vitro rat tissue homogenate studies, the tissues studied also showed negligible metabolic activities for torasemide. Equilibrium of torasemide between plasma and blood cells of rat blood reached fast and plasma‐to‐blood cells concentration ratio was independent of initial blood concentrations of torasemide, 1, 5, and 10 µg/ml; the mean value was 0.279. Protein binding of torasemide to fresh rat plasma was 93.9±1.53% using an equilibrium dialysis technique. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Adsorption of poly(ethylene glycol)‐modified ribonuclease A to a poly(lactide‐co‐glycolide) surface
Authors: Daly Susan M. , Przybycien Todd M. , Tilton Robert D. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractProtein adsorption is a source of variability in the release profiles of therapeutic proteins from biodegradable microspheres. We employ optical reflectometry and total internal reflection fluorescence to explore the extent and kinetics of ribonuclease A (RNase A) adsorption to spin‐cast films of poly(lactide‐co‐glycolide) (PLG) and, in particular, to determine how covalent grafting of polyethylene glycol (PEG) to RNase A affects adsorption. Adsorption kinetics on PLG surfaces are surface‐limited for RNase A but transport‐limited for unconjugated PEG homopolymers and for PEG‐modified RNase A, indicating that PEG anchors the conjugates to the surface during the transport‐limited regime. PEG modification of RNase A decreases the total number of adsorbed molecules per unit area but increases the areal surface coverage because the grafted PEG chains exclude additional surface area. Total internal reflection fluorescence‐based exchange measurements show that there is no exchange between adsorbed and solution‐phase protein molecules. This indicates an unusually tenacious adsorption. Streaming current measurements indicate that the ζ potential of the PLG surface becomes increasingly negative as the film is exposed to water for several weeks, as expected. Aging of the PLG surface results in increased adsorption of unmodified RNase A but decreased adsorption of unconjugated PEG homopolymers and of PEG–RNase A conjugates, relative to the extent of adsorption on freshly prepared PLG surfaces. Adsorption results correlate well with an increase in the rate, total extent and preservation of bioactivity of RNase A released from PLG microspheres for the PEG‐modified version of RNase A. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Are business students buying it? A theoretical framework for measuring attitudes toward the legitimacy of environmental sustainability
Authors: Thomas Tom E. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractEnvironmental sustainability has begun to penetrate the business school curriculum. Whether it ultimately becomes a key component of managerial decision‐making models will depend upon whether it is perceived as legitimate within the context of profit‐making enterprises. This paper draws upon the cognitive psychology and organizational legitimacy literatures to develop a conceptual framework for operationalizing perceived legitimacy. This framework can be used to develop survey instruments and simulations that evaluate the effectiveness of various pedagogical approaches to integrating sustainability into business school curricula. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
‘Education for sustainability’ in the business studies curriculum: a call for a critical agenda
Authors: Springett Delyse 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThe critical theorization of education for sustainability developed from the earlier political conception of ‘education for the environment’. This critical perspective underpins the theory of education for sustainability that the paper introduces, and informs the goals, structure and content of the post‐graduate course that it describes. It is posited that education for sustainability challenges the ‘rationality’ of the capitalist paradigm of production and consumption, thereby providing a challenge for the tertiary curriculum in general and for the business curriculum in particular. A ‘window’ is provided on the way in which theory drives the narrative of sustainability in the course, ‘Business and Sustainability’, and a brief overview of the course introduces the pedagogical approach based in action methods as well as insights from student self‐reflection and course evaluation. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Ring‐Closing Olefin Metathesis on Ruthenium Carbene Complexes: Model DFT Study of Stereochemistry
Authors: Vyboishchikov Sergei F. , Thiel Walter 
Published: April 2005

AbstractRing‐closing metathesis (RCM) is the key step in a recently reported synthesis of salicylihalamide and related model compounds. Experimentally, the stereochemistry of the resulting cycloolefin (cis/trans) depends strongly on the substituents that are present in the diene substrate. To gain insight into the factors that govern the observed stereochemistry, density functional theory (DFT) calculations have been carried out for a simplified dichloro(2‐propylidene)(imidazole‐2‐ylidene)ruthenium catalystI, as well as for the real catalystIIwith two mesityl substituents on the imidazole ring. Four model substrates are considered, which are closely related to the systems studied experimentally, and in each case, two pathways A and B are possible since the RCM reaction can be initiated by coordination of either of the two diene double bonds to the metal center. The first metathesis yields a carbene intermediate, which can then undergo a second metathesis by ring closure, metallacycle formation, and metallacycle cleavage to give the final cycloolefin complex. According to the DFT calculations, the stereochemistry is always determined in the second metathesis reaction, but the rate‐determining step may be different for different catalysts, substrates, and pathways. The ancillary N‐heterocyclic carbene ligand lies in the Ru‐Cl‐Cl plane in the simplified catalystI, but is perpendicular to it in the real catalystII, and this affects the relative energies of the relevant intermediates and transition states. Likewise, the introduction of methyl substituents in the diene substrates influences these relative energies appreciably. Good agreement with the experimentally observed stereochemistry is only found when using the real catalystIIand the largest model substrates in the DFT calculations.
Ytterbium(III) Triflate‐Catalyzed Conversion of Carbonyl Compounds into 1,3‐Oxathiolanes in Ionic Liquids.
Authors: Kumar Anil , Jain Nidhi , Rana Sandeep , Chauhan Shive M. S. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
The First Example of Magnesium Carbenoid 1,3‐CH Insertion Reaction: A Novel Method for Synthesis of Cyclopropanes from 1‐Chloroalkyl Phenyl Sulfoxides in High Yields.
Authors: Satoh Tsuyoshi , Musashi Jun , Kondo Atsushi 
Published: April 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Ring Expansion‐Annulation Strategy for the Synthesis of Substituted Azulenes and Oligoazulenes. Part 2. Synthesis of Azulenyl Halides, Sulfonates, and Azulenylmetal Compounds and Their Application in Transition‐Metal‐Mediated Coupling Reactions.
Authors: Crombie Aimee L. , Kane John L. Jr. , Shea Kevin M. , Danheiser Rick L. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A Convenient and Efficient Route for the Allylation of Aromatic Amines and α‐Aryl Aldehydes with Alkynes in the Presence of a Pd(0)/PhCOOH Combined Catalyst System.
Authors: Patil Nitin T. , Wu Huanyou , Kadota Isao , Yamamoto Yoshinori 
Published: April 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Efficient Synthesis of Novel Polyfunctionalized 4,5′‐Bithiazol‐4′‐ol Derivatives.
Authors: Arcadi Antonio , Attanasi Orazio A. , Filippone Paolino , Perrulli Francesca R. , Rossi Elisabetta , Santeusanio Stefania 
Published: April 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of 4‐Heteroaryl‐Substituted Coumarins by Suzuki Cross‐Coupling Reactions.
Authors: Beletskaya Irina P. , Ganina Olga G. , Tsvetkov Alexey V. , Fedorov Alexey Yu. , Finet Jean‐Pierre 
Published: April 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Pyrrolodiazines. Part 6. Palladium‐Catalyzed Arylation, Heteroarylation, and Amination of 3,4‐Dihydropyrrolo[1,2‐a]pyrazines.
Authors: Castellote Isabel , Vaquero Juan J. , Fernandez‐Gadea Javier , Alvarez‐Builla Julio 
Published: April 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
An Anionic Polycondensation Strategy for the Synthesis of Dibenzoxanthenones: Progress Toward the Synthesis of Hypoxyxylerone.
Authors: Chevenier Emmanuel , Lucatelli Christophe , Pandya Urvish , Wang Wei , Gimbert Yves , Greene Andrew E. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis and Melanin Biosynthesis Inhibitory Activity of (.+‐.)‐Terrein Produced by Penicillium sp. 20135.
Authors: Lee Sangku , Kim Won‐Gon , Kim Eungsoo , Ryoo In‐Ja , Lee Hyeong Kyu , Kim Jae Nyoung , Jung Sang‐Hun , Yoo Ick‐Dong 
Published: April 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Hyperolactone C: Determination of its absolute configuration by comparison of experimental and calculated CD spectra
Authors: Schühly Wolfgang , Crockett Sara L. , Fabian Walter M.F. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractA detailed conformational analysis of hyperolactone C diastereomers and enantiomers ((5R,9R),(5S,9S) and (5S,9R),(5R,9S)) was done with molecular mechanics and density functional theory methods. Time‐dependent density functional theory (B3PW91/TZVP) was used to calculate electronic transition energies (UV/vis spectra) and rotational strengths of the respective conformations. The effect of solvation (acetonitrile solution) on excitation energies and electronic circular dichroism was approximated by the polarizable continuum model. By comparison of the simulated CD spectrum with that measured for hyperolactone C isolated from Hypericum lloydii, its absolute configuration can be assigned as (5S,9S). Chirality 17:250–256, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.