bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effects of surface finish on the reliability of lead free and tin lead chip scale package solder joints
Authors: Huang Meng‐Kuang , Lee Chiapyng , Wu Pei‐Lin , Tzan Shyh‐Rong 
Published: July 2005

PurposeThe effects of thermal fatigue and printed circuit board (PCB) surface finish on the pull strength, failure modes and reliability of chip scale package (CSP) solder joints were investigated.Design/methodology/approachMechanical pull test, metallographic examination and electrical measurement were used. Tin lead (Sn‐Pb) and lead free (Sn‐Ag‐Cu) alloys were used with Au/Ni and organic solderability preservative (OSP) surface finishes.FindingsThe experimental results showed that the pull strength of the Sn‐Ag‐Cu/(Au/Ni) solder joint did not change noticeably with an increasing number of thermal cycles. However, the pull strength of the Sn‐Pb/(Au/Ni) solder joints drastically degraded and that of the Sn‐Ag‐Cu/OSP and Sn‐Pb/OSP solder joints slightly decreased during thermal cycling. For both Sn‐Ag‐Cu and Sn‐Pb alloys, the solder joint fracture of as‐soldered samples was the main failure mode when an Au/Ni surface finish was used. For the Sn‐Ag‐Cu/(Au/Ni) and Sn‐Ag‐Cu/OSP solder joints, the proportion of component trace tearing considerably decreased, whereas that of PCB trace tearing considerably increased, during thermal cycling. The Weibull lifetimes of the solder joints were increasingly longer in the order of Sn‐Pb/(Au/Ni), Sn‐Pb/OSP, Sn‐Ag‐Cu/OSP, and Sn‐Ag‐Cu/(Au/Ni).Research limitations/implicationsThis was not an exhaustive study and all of the findings are for lead free and tin lead CSP solder joints, which perhaps limits the usefulness of the results elsewhere.Practical implicationsA very useful source of information and impartial advice for engineers planning to conduct a switch from tin lead to lead free technology in their production lines.Originality/valueThis paper fulfils an identified information/resources need and offers practical help to an engineer starting out on an engineering development.
Application of a design of experiments approach to the reliability of a PBGA package
Authors: Hyuck Yang Ji , Yong Lee Kang 
Published: July 2005

PurposeTo apply the design of experiments (DOE) methodology to the problem of cracking of plastic ball grid array (PBGA) packages during the reflow soldering process.Design/methodology/approachThe DOE methodology was used in order to identify the optimum design. CAE was used for the required stress analysis and for integral calculation during crack analysis.FindingsThe optimum design to reduce the stress and fracture probability for the PBGA package was obtained and the DOE technique was shown to be very powerful for establishing the optimum design when there are many design parameters.Research limitations/implicationsIn future research, a robust design methodology could be applied including design for six sigma considering the noise parameters.Practical implicationsFor better design of a PBGA package, the DOE methodology has been shown to be very useful.Originality/valueIn this paper, application of the DOE approach to a PBGA package design in order to reduce the stresses and probability of fracture was attempted for the first time.
Principal leadership for outstanding educational outcomes
Authors: Dinham Stephen 
Published: July 2005

PurposeAims to explore the role of Principals in producing outstanding education outcomes in Years 7 to 10 in New South Wales (Australia) government schools.Design/methodology/approachSites where “outstanding” educational outcomes were believed to be occurring were selected using a variety of data including performance in standardised tests, public examinations, various value added measures and nominations from various stakeholders. Sites were of two types: subject departments responsible for teaching certain subjects and teams responsible for cross‐school programs in Years 7 to 10. Sites were selected to be broadly representative. Some schools had more than one site, e.g. Mathematics and Student Welfare. A total of 50 sites across NSW from 38 secondary schools were studied.FindingsWith both subject departments and teams responsible for cross‐school programs, leadership was found to be a key factor in the achievement of outstanding educational outcomes. Often, this leadership was exercised by the Principal, but additional key personnel included Head Teachers (heads of faculties/departments), Deputy Principals, and teachers playing leading roles in faculties and programs. Analysis of data revealed certain attributes and practices of the Principals of these schools, which are explored, central to which is a focus on students and their learning.Research limitations/implicationsPrincipals were those of secondary schools from one educational system. Other papers will explore the role of leaders such as Heads of Department, Deputy Principals and teacher leaders.Practical implicationsThis article has implications for principal selection, training, appraisal and professional development.Originality/valueDetailed case studies have provided an examination of leadership effectiveness in a wide range of contexts, which much commonality confirmed.
Teacher appraisal: the experiences of Kenyan secondary school teachers
Authors: Odhiambo George O. 
Published: July 2005

PurposeThis paper seeks to report the findings of a study focusing on the state of teacher appraisal in Kenyan secondary schools and to argue for an improved (facilitating) model of teacher appraisal.Design/methodology/approachThe study adopted a qualitatively‐oriented case study using multiple cases and drawing on multiple methods of data collection.FindingsThe findings indicate that teacher appraisal policies and practices in Kenyan secondary schools exhibit weaknesses, which need to be urgently addressed if teacher appraisal is to be used to improve the quality of teaching and education in Kenya.Research limitations/implicationsOf the eight administrative regions in Kenya, only one region was selected for data gathering. The reason for restricting the scope of the study related to availability of time in the first instance and the need for in‐depth investigation. The research was also limited to a study of six secondary schools. While including more schools in the sample would have widened the focus of the study, limited time and funding made such a wider study prohibitive. Moreover, the six schools, consisting of two private schools, and four public schools of various sizes, provided the opportunity to study Kenyan secondary schools in a variety of contexts.Originality/valueThere is a dearth of research‐based information on teacher appraisal in third world countries – especially Kenya – and this paper will therefore in itself be beneficial to education policy makers. This paper offers a more sophisticated conceptualisation of teacher appraisal, thereby laying a foundation for subsequent investigations. Such a conceptualisation should serve as a basis, not only for evaluating the existing teacher appraisal system in Kenya, but also for offering guidance for future practice and policy.
A customized measure of service quality in the UAE
Authors: Jabnoun Naceur , Khalifa Azaddin 
Published: July 2005

PurposeThe concerns of service quality may differ from one country to another. It is therefore crucial to develop measures of service quality that are pertinent to the country and culture where the service is offered. This paper proposes developing a measure of service quality in the UAE and then testing this measure in UAE conventional and Islamic banks.Design/methodology/approachThe components of service quality were developed through a brainstorming and sorting exercise. Based on the results of this exercise, the authors developed a 30‐item questionnaire comprising the five dimensions of SERVQUAL and two other dimensions called values and image. The questionnaire was distributed to customers of UAE conventional and Islamic banks in Dubai and Sharjah. Factor analysis of the responses resulted in four dimensions. The reliability and predictive validity of these dimensions were confirmed. Finally separate regression models were developed for conventional and Islamic banks. These models were analyzed and compared.FindingsFactor analysis resulted in four dimensions: personal skills, reliability, values, and image. Results of regression analysis revealed that all four dimensions were significant in determining service quality in conventional banks. Values and image were however the most important of these dimensions. On the other hand, only personal skill and values were significant in determining service quality in Islamic banks.Originality/valueThis paper emphasizes the need to customize measures of service quality to different countries. This is particularly important for multi‐national corporations. This paper also provides guidelines for bank managers in the UAE on which dimensions of service quality they should emphasize in order to retain their customers and attract new ones. This paper has important research implications on the relationship between national culture and service quality and on the service quality of Islamic banks.
Analyzing the social capital value chain in community network interfaces
Authors: Chewar C.M. , McCrickard D. Scott , Carroll John M. 
Published: July 2005

PurposeThis work aims to probe how interface designers concerned with human‐computer interaction of community networks might use the theoretical constructs of social capital and activity awareness.Design/methodology/approachA design model for community network interfaces is introduced that reconciles various computer‐mediated communication research contributions with support for typical community network scenarios of use. Using this model, an inspection is performed on existing community network implementations (available December 2002) and then the adequacy of the model for informing the design process is examined.FindingsBased on the insight gained through this analysis, a generic prototype and new user evaluation method are introduced that allow survey of user reaction to community network design elements under differing conditions. It is shown how results obtained through this method frame a value‐chain understanding of conceptual tradeoffs.Research limitations/implicationsTo demonstrate the new user evaluation method in an analysis of critical design tradeoffs, the issues of persistent virtual identity implementation and usage motivation are probed. However, the evaluation method must be validated with other issues and tested by researchers that were not part of its creation process.Practical implicationsContributions from this paper include tools (a design model, a generic prototype, and an evaluation method) linking theory with community design artifacts, building on previous work. Evaluators now have indicators for assessing community informatics.Originality/valueInterface designers of community networks and those interested in social capital theory will appreciate the link between practice and theory provided by this approach.
Institutional change in “The Academy”
Authors: Abeles Tom P. 
Published: July 2005

PurposeThis essay aims to present role of education and its response to institutional change.Design/methodology/approachExplores both a shift in its purpose and its role in a wired/global environment. The principal focus is on the traditional post‐secondary education but considers changes that are occurring as society moves to lifelong learning. It challenges the current model of change of the institutions as being cosmetic and only delaying a profound shift in the form, direction and purpose of education, as an institution.FindingsWhile changes are occurring within The Academy, most academics who are working in the arena of e‐learning are worrying about changes at the micro level. Most of the power of institutional change has been given up by the faculty in exchange for their sinecure. While administrators are concerned about fiscal solvency, the faculty has expectations that in the end, after the storm has passed, the landscape will not be the same.Originality/valueProvides an overview of the role of education and its response to institutional change.
Videogames and the future of education
Authors: Bogost Ian 
Published: July 2005

PurposeProposes to look at how many designers and researchers have become interested in how videogames can serve as forms of cultural expression beyond entertainment alone.Design/methodology/approachThe study is based on views from the videogame industry and the educational system.FindingsThis article suggests that both the videogame industry and the compulsory educational system are engaged in commensurate crises. The videogame industry is creatively rich but risk‐averse, motivated primarily by wealth and reinforced by its own success. The education establishment is bureaucratic and self‐effacing, endorsing the production of complacency over challenge. With videogames and education caught in similar ruts, to support change in one means endorsing a revolution in the other.Originality/valueCompares the videogame industry with the educational establishment and suggests ways in which the videogame industry can assist education.
The Bain 2005 management tool survey
Authors: Rigby Darrell , Bilodeau Barbara 
Published: July 2005

PurposeThe past dozen years in business have witnessed an explosion in the use of management tools and techniques. Keeping up with the tools and deciding which ones to use have become an essential part of every executive's responsibilities.Design/methodology/approachIn 1993, Bain & Company launched a multiyear research project to get the facts about management tool use. Over 12 years Bain assembled a global database of more than 7,000 respondents, including 960 this year. They supplement the survey with follow‐up interviews to probe the specifics of tool use in individual companies.FindingsThis year, the news is that executives are using more tools for acquiring customers, keeping them, learning more about what they want, and then satisfying and delighting them. They know they need tools to innovate, but they are not entirely sure how to go about it. To free up cash, they are outsourcing like crazy. And they are relying on information technology to run their businesses more efficiently.Research limitations/implicationsThis survey formerly was done annually and now is taken every other year.Practical implicationsManagers who promote tool fads undermine employees' confidence that they can create the change that is needed. Executives are better served by championing realistic strategic directions – and viewing the specific tools they use to get there as subordinate to the strategy.Originality/valueWithout satisfaction and usage data from companies that have adopted management tools, choosing and using them becomes a risky and potentially expensive gamble.
Coordinating operations to enhance innovation in the global corporation
Authors: Koudal Peter , Coleman Gary C. 
Published: July 2005

PurposeOver the last two years, the authors have studied the growth strategies and the supporting operations of nearly 650 companies around the world. While most have the expectation that innovation will drive corporate fortunes, the research makes it clear that building or restructuring business operations to profitably bring new products and services to market is a top priority only for best performing companies but near the bottom of most companies' priorities.Design/methodology/approachExplains how top‐performing global companies are investing in the product development capabilities, the supply chain process infrastructure, and the sophisticated information systems needed to support and synchronize innovation across the value chain.FindingsResearch on a subset of the survey base (the 300+ larger companies and business units with revenues ranging from US$200 million to US$10 billion and higher) shows that those that can synchronize complex global value chains – the complexity masters – are up to 73 percent more profitable than the others.Research limitations/implicationsInterviews with senior managers at leading firms and case studies on the complexity masters would be of high value.Practical implicationsThe authors suggest three steps: create innovation – build an idea‐generation machine; exploit innovation where and when it matters; and invest in innovation capabilities for creating and sustaining a profit cycle. The four ingredients that make top‐performing companies stand out are visibility, flexibility, collaboration, and technology.Originality/valueLists the best practices – the strategies and tactics – of the most profitable innovators, the elite “complexity masters.”
Innovation networks: good ideas from everywhere in the world
Authors: Fowles Stephen , Clark Wayne 
Published: July 2005

PurposeWith more companies working to innovate across corporate boundaries, protecting intellectual property is becoming a much bigger issue. The authors find that the best way to handle this threat is to face it head‐on.Design/methodology/approachWhile co‐sponsoring an innovation awards program the authors saw first‐hand some of the skills and attributes of up and coming innovators in the UK. From observing leading firms they developed practical steps that underpin a successful innovation network and can help protect intellectual property.FindingsThe authors defined and tested four practical best practices that firms can use in the ideas‐to‐market race, in which many of the best and most innovative products and services (and their inspirations) come from new and varied sources.Research limitations/implicationsThe authors offer short snapshot case examples. Longer cases and research over a longer time frame would be valuable.Practical implicationsManagers will want to follow these best practices: know your partners; structure the relationship so all parties, particularly aspiring innovators, are treated as valued partners; define mutual benefits; and establish performance targets and offer incentivesOriginality/valueOpen innovation is one of the newest strategic management tools. This is one of the first articles to describe how to manage it effectively based on experience.
Strategies for managing mature products
Authors: Hutt Ken , Davidson Alistair 
Published: July 2005

PurposeTwo leading technology companies, Intel and H‐P, illustrate both the challenges that managing mature successful products pose and some of the responses companies need to consider.Design/methodology/approachA major consulting firm studied public data about two firms and consulted with their senior managers.FindingsBoth Intel and H‐P have recognized that the marketplace and the evolving value requirements of customers and potential customers should drive every decision a business makes about what activities to focus on; what innovations to add to products; what to outsource; and when and how to change.Research limitations/implicationsMore studies are needed on selecting the right R&D strategy and better execution of the product life cycle management processes to speed up development.Practical implicationsThe Intel and H‐P cases suggest that being competitive is about meeting the needs of customers better than your competition; staying competitive is about learning new tricks sooner and better than your competition. Selecting the right R&D strategy and better execution of the product life cycle management processes to speed up development are critical in rapidly changing markets.Originality/valueThis article provides a wake up call to any manager who assumes that a firm can innovate its way to sustained competitive advantage. Commoditization can happen rapidly, even on the cutting edge of high tech.
Linkage between knowledge management and R&D management
Authors: Park Yongtae , Kim Seonwoo 
Published: July 2005

PurposeThe relationship between knowledge management (KM) and research and development (R&D) management is intrinsically close. However, little attention has been paid to the development and implementation of KM systems for R&D organizations. The main objective of this current research is, from the perspective of evolutionary ecology, to suggest a framework of system design to link KM and R&D management.Design/methodology/approachThe chronological profile of R&D management systems over the past few decades is reviewed and the salient features of respective generations are identified. Then, the list of requirements for KM systems is suggested for each generation.FindingsFinds that these requirements constitute crucial variables for the design of KM systems and, as a whole, provide the building‐blocks for integrating R&D management and KM.Originality/valueThe proposed architecture is considered as a starting‐point and serves as a milestone in implementing KMS in accordance with the R&D characteristics of a particular firm.
The application of knowledge management in call centres
Authors: Koh S.C.L. , Gunasekaran A. , Thomas A. , Arunachalam S. 
Published: July 2005

PurposeThe paper proposes to evaluate the need for knowledge management in a call centre for improving quality of customer services, by addressing the issues specifically relating to information and knowledge management.Design/methodology/approachMethodology adopted in this research is qualitative, namely ethnography. After examining six models from literature review, a knowledge management model is developed for implementation to assess the required effort to compare against the expected benefits.FindingsKnowledge management could be achieved by effectively managing the five roles of knowledge, namely knowledge acquisition, utilisation, adaptation, distribution, and generation. Comparison of the benefits against the efforts has clearly justified the knowledge management efforts in the case study.Research limitations/implicationsThe knowledge management model could be adapted in other service sectors with similar characteristics to a call centre.Practical implicationsThe paper provides details of solutions to call centres on the approach to making knowledge management work in practice.Originality/valueA new knowledge management model was developed for applying the knowledge management concept in call centres. The approaches to managing knowledge in the model have yielded a number of benefits as demonstrated by a case study. This work will be beneficial to researchers and practitioners who are interested in applying knowledge management in call centres and/or service sectors with similar characteristics.