bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
LE VOCABULAIRE DE LA SERVITUDE DANS LA SEPTANTE DU LIVRE DE RUTH
Authors: Bons Eberhard 
Published: October 2002

AbstractLe but de cet article est d'expliquer une caractéristique de la Septante du livre de Ruth. Un examen de ce texte aboutit aux résultat suivants : La Septante emploie huit termes (δoυλη, κoρασιoν, νεανιας, νεανις, παιδαριoν, παιδιoν, παιδισκη et παις) pour en traduire six qui servent à qualifier d'après le Texte Massorétique Ruth et les autres personnes travaillant pour Booz. En plus, un terme grec peut en traduire deux en hébreu et l'inverse. Afin d'expliquer ces phénomènes, il convient d'analyser les connotations que peut avoir chaque terme grec en fonction de son contexte et de s'interroger sur la « technique de traduction » adoptée par le traducteur.
The historical assessment of speech acts: clarifications of Austin and Skinner for the study of religions
Authors: BeDuhn Jason David 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThis essay examines Quentin Skinner's historicist use of J. L. Austin's speech act theory, corrects and clarifies some ways in which Skinner seems to misapply Austin's categories, and argues that Skinner's approach, when refined by these few adjustments, is a viable program for the historical study of religious literature. What must be left behind in refining Skinner's project is the latter's apparent interest in an author's intentions, which is a datum absent from historical evidence. It is argued that speech acts have their effect only by means of public construal and response, and that history is an account of these construals, regardless of whether these correspond to what agents subjectively intended. The use of intentional descriptions of speech and action turns out to be a mere historiographic trope, with heuristic, but not explanatory value.
Spongolite: a hollow fibrous mineral from Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil
Authors: Dos Santos F. J . , Salgado Siqueira O. , Delben A. A. S. T. , Jurkevicz Delben J . R. , Melnikov P. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractSpongolite from the State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, contains the remains of fossil sponges and hollow needles or microcapillaries with uniform surfaces. The central tunnels are ∼1/10 to 1/2 of the cylinder's diameter. The material is essentially X-ray amorphous though it contains small amounts of orthosilicic acids. The other main elements were Ti and Fe. Spongolite may have uses as a sorbent, as a bioavailable silicon source or, after blending with glass waste, it can be used in the fabrication of lightweight products having a closed-cell structure, potentially useful as an industrial insulator.
Dickite genesis in the ‘varicoloured’ clay-shale formation of the Italian Apennines: an isotopic approach
Authors: Veniale F. , Delgado A. , Marinoni L. , Setti M. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractDickite occurs over wide areas along the Italian Apennines strip throughout Italy, mainly in the allochtonous ‘varicoloured’ clay-shale formation. Morphological, fabric and crystallochemical features suggest an authigenic origin, from pore solutions. The nature of the solutions and the process of dickite formation, including hydrothermalism, diagenesis or supergene evolution have all been discussed. Stable isotope analysis (O, H) was performed to investigate these points. The δD values of dickite range between −63.7 and −79.1% (SMOW) and δ18O between +21% and +16.1‰ (SMOW), and are similar to those reported for kaolinites formed in equilibrium with meteoric waters. The data fall along the ‘Line of Meteoric Kaolinites’, supporting an origin involving meteoric waters and low temperatures. The isotopic compositions of the waters are within the range of Apennines meteoric water, and the temperatures derived are close to surface conditions. Contributions of diagenetic, hydrothermal or metamorphic waters must be discounted. The authigenic dickite from ‘varicoloured’ clays of the Italian Apennines formed by precipitation from flushing meteoric waters whose ingress was favoured by repeated surface erosion.
A microstructural study of acid-activated montmorillonite from Choushan, China
Authors: He Hongping , Guo Jiugao , Xie Xiande , Lin Hongfu , Li Liyun 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBentonite samples from Choushan treated at various acid concentrations were studied using chemical analysis, XRD, 29Si and 27Al MAS NMR to investigate the microstructure of the activated montmorillonites. Two types of structural units were formed during the activation: (1) (SiO)3SiOH, in which up to 15% of Si is bound; (2) Q4(0Al), a major building unit when the acid concentration is >10%. A significant 27Al signal at 55.0 ppm was recorded for both untreated montmorillonite and (to a much greater extent) in acid-treated montmorillonites. This was interpreted as arising from four-fold coordinated Al located in the ‘bulk’ octahedral sheet of montmorillonite. In the course of activation, the removal of one of a pair of octahedral Al ions from montmorillonite removes two hydroxyl groups and leaves the other Al of the pair in four-fold coordination.
A comparative X-ray diffraction, Mössbauer and NMR spectroscopic study of the vermiculites from Béni Bousera, Morocco and Palabora, Republic of South Africa
Authors: Badreddine R. , Vandormael D. , Fransolet A. -M. , Long G. J . , Stone W. E. E. , Grandjean F. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractFive vermiculite samples collected from Béni Bousera, Morocco and four from Palabora, South Africa were investigated by X-ray diffraction, chemical analysis, 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy, and 27Al magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance. The X-ray diffraction studies indicate that all vermiculites have very similar crystallographic parameters. The chemical analyses and the NMR spectra indicate that the Béni Bousera vermiculites contain Al3+ cations in both octahedral and tetrahedral sheets and the Palabora vermiculites contain Al3+ in the tetrahedral sheet. The Mössbauer spectra indicate that the Béni Bousera vermiculites contain more Fe2+ cations than the Palabora vermiculites and do not contain tetrahedral Fe3+ cations. The different cation compositions and distribution in the two sets of vermiculites may result from different parent minerals, i.e. chlorite in the case of Béni Bousera and phlogopite in the case of Palabora, and different genetic processes, i.e. weathering in Béni Bousera and hydrothermal alteration in Palabora.
Antigen-bearing immature dendritic cells induce peptide-specific CD8+ regulatory T cells in vivo in humans
Authors: Dhodapkar Madhav V. , Steinman Ralph M. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractRegulatory T cells (TRs) can suppress the function of other effector T cells in the setting of autoimmunity, transplantation, and resistance to tumors. The mechanism for the induction of TRs has not been defined. We previously reported that an injection of immature dendritic cells (DCs) pulsed with influenza matrix peptide (MP) led 7 days later to antigen-specific silencing of effector T-cell function in the blood of 2 healthy human subjects. Here, we found that interferon-γ–producing effectors return by 6 months. Importantly, in mixing experiments, CD8+ T cells from the sample obtained 7 days after injection could suppress MP-specific effectors obtained before injection and those in recovery samples. This suppression or regulation was specific for the immunizing peptide (MP) and cell-dose dependent, and it required contact between the 2 samples. These data show the capacity of immature DCs to induce antigen-specific regulatory CD8+ T cells in humans.
Fludarabine induces apoptosis, activation, and allogenicity in human endothelial and epithelial cells: protective effect of defibrotide
Authors: Eissner Günther , Multhoff Gabriele , Gerbitz Armin , Kirchner Silvia , Bauer Sonja , Haffner Silvia , Sondermann Daniela , Andreesen Reinhard , Holler Ernst 
Published: October 2002

AbstractFludarabine is a nonmyeloablative immunosuppressant increasingly used as a component of alternative conditioning regimens before allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. It is expected to reduce conditioning-related toxicity and proinflammatory activation of the host tissues. However, in our in vitro study, we provide evidence that 2-fluoroadenine 9-β-d-arabinofuranoside (F-Ara) as the active metabolized form of fludarabine damages human microvascular endothelial cells (HMECs) and dermal and alveolar epithelial cell lines after 48 hours of culture when it is used in pharmacologically relevant concentrations (range, 10 μg/mL-1 μg/mL). In addition, flow cytometric analyses revealed a significant up-regulation of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules by F-Ara, suggesting a proinflammatory activation of HMECs. Cytotoxicity assays demonstrated that target HMECs pretreated with F-Ara (10 μg/mL) showed increased lysis by allogeneic MHC class I-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocytes from healthy human donors. We conclude that, beside its immunosuppressive activities, F-Ara can be harmful for target tissues of transplantation-related complications and can even stimulate allogeneic immune responses. We identified the pharmaceutical compound defibrotide as protective against F-Ara– induced apoptosis and alloactivation, importantly, without affecting the antileukemic effect of F-Ara. This observation argues for a potential clinical usage of defibrotide in pretransplantation conditioning.
Therapy for chronic graft-versus-host disease: a randomized trial comparing cyclosporine plus prednisone versus prednisone alone
Authors: Koc Sibel , Leisenring Wendy , Flowers Mary E. D. , Anasetti Claudio , Deeg H. Joachim , Nash Richard A. , Sanders Jean E. , Witherspoon Robert P. , Storb Rainer , Appelbaum Frederick R. , Martin Paul J. 
Published: October 2002

Abstract
Results of previous studies have suggested that transplantation-related mortality among patients with chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) may be reduced by combined treatment with cyclosporine (CSP) and prednisone rather than by prednisone alone. In a randomized trial, we assessed the efficacy of cyclosporine plus prednisone versus prednisone alone as initial therapy for chronic GHVD among patients whose platelet counts were higher than 100 000/μL. Prednisone was administered initially at a dose of 1.0 mg/kg per day orally, followed by a prolonged taper, and cyclosporine was administered at 6 mg/kg orally twice daily every other day. The cumulative incidence of transplantation-related mortality at 5 years from enrollment was 17% (95% CI, 0.11-0.23) in the CSP plus prednisone arm and 13% (95% CI, 0.08-0.19) in the prednisone arm. The hazards of transplantation-related mortality, overall mortality, recurrent malignancy, secondary therapy, and discontinuation of all immunosuppressive therapy were not significantly different between the 2 arms, but survival without recurrent malignancy was lower in the 2-drug arm (P = .03). Avascular necrosis developed in 18 (13%) of the 142 patients in the CSP plus prednisone arm and in 32 (22%) of the 145 patients in the prednisone arm (P = .04). Treatment with CSP plus prednisone may reduce the risk for steroid-related toxicity, but results of the current study do not substantiate the hypothesis that the administration of CSP reduces transplantation-related mortality among patients with chronic GVHD.
Acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome in children treated for cancer: comparison with primary presentation
Authors: Barnard Dorothy R. , Lange Beverley , Alonzo Todd A. , Buckley Jonathan , Kobrinsky J. Nathan , Gold Stuart , Neudorf Steven , Sanders Jean , Burden Laura , Woods William G. 
Published: October 2002

Abstract
There has not been a reported series of children with therapy-induced myelodysplastic syndrome/acute myeloid leukemia (tMDS/tAML) who were treated systematically. This paper describes 24 children with tMDS/tAML who were assigned randomly to standard- or intensive-timing induction on protocol CCG 2891. Presenting features and outcomes of those children were compared with those of 960 patients with de novo MDS (62 patients) or AML (898 patients). Children with tMDS/tAML were older at presentation (P = .015), had lower white blood cell counts (P = .01), and were more likely to have MDS (21% vs 7%) (P = .02) and trisomy 8 (P = .06). Fewer had hepatomegaly (P = .02), splenomegaly (P = .03), hepatosplenomegaly (P = .02), or classic AML translocations [t(8;21), t(15;17), 16q22; P = .02]. They had a poorer induction rate (50% vs 72%,P = .016), overall survival (26% vs 47% at 3 years,P = .007), and event-free survival (21% vs 39% at 3 years, P =.023). Disease-free survival after achieving remission was similar (45% vs 53%, P = .868). Children with tMDS/tAML who received intensive-timing induction had better outcomes than those who received standard-timing induction (overall survival 32% vs 0%, P = .54). In this study, the latency period to development of tMDS/tAML was the same for presumed alkylator-induced as for topoisomerase-induced myeloid leukemia. The findings of this study confirm that most children with tMDS/tAML have disease resistant to current therapies. Standard-timing induction appears less effective for this population.
Identification of CD8α+CD11c− lineage phenotype-negative cells in the spleen as committed precursor of CD8α+ dendritic cells
Authors: Wang Yong , Zhang Yanyun , Yoneyama Hiroyuki , Onai Nobuyuki , Sato Taku , Matsushima Kouji 
Published: October 2002

AbstractCD8α+ dendritic cells (DCs) represent a functionally distinct DC subset in vivo, which plays a critical role in initiating various cellular immune responses. However, the committed precursor of CD8α+ DCs remains to be identified. We reported here that murine splenic CD8α+CD11c− lineage phenotype (Lin)− cells could differentiate into CD8α+DCs in vivo after intravenous transplantation. Immunohistochemistry staining showed that donor-derived DCs mainly located in T-cell areas of the spleen. Functionally, these CD8α+CD11c−Lin− cell–derived DCs were capable of stimulating allogenic T-cell response, as well as secreting bioactive interleukin 12 p70 and interferon γ. Freshly isolated CD8α+CD11c−Lin− cells expressed CC chemokine receptor (CCR)2, CCR5, and CCR7 messenger RNA, whereas CD8α+ DCs derived from CD8α+CD11c−Lin− cells further obtained the expression of CCR6 and macrophage-derived chemokine. Flow cytometry analysis showed that CD8α+CD11c−Lin− cells were identified in bone marrow and lymph nodes. Moreover, transplanted splenic CD8α+CD11c−Lin− cells could also home to thymus and lymph nodes and were capable of developing into CD8α+ DCs in these locations. However, CD8α+CD11c−Lin−cells failed to differentiate into CD8α− DCs, T cells, natural killer cells, or other myeloid lineage cells in irradiated chimeras. Taken together, all these findings suggest that CD8α+CD11c−Lin− cells are a committed precursor of CD8α+ DCs.
Strategy for the treatment of acute myelogenous leukemia based on folate receptor β–targeted liposomal doxorubicin combined with receptor induction using all-trans retinoic acid
Authors: Pan Xing Q. , Zheng Xuan , Shi Guangfeng , Wang Huaqing , Ratnam Manohar , Lee Robert J. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractUp-regulation of folate receptor (FR) type-β in acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) by all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and its restricted normal tissue distribution makes it a potential target for therapeutic intervention. The FR-β in peripheral blood granulocytes was unable to bind folate and appeared to have a variant GPI membrane anchor, evident from its insensitivity to phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C but not nitrous acid. Granulocyte FR-β lacked mutations, and neither deglycosylation nor detergent solubilization restored folate binding. The posttranslational modification causing its nonfunctionality was evidently absent in FR-β from AML cells from patient marrow, which bound folate. From flow cytometric analysis of 78 AML bone marrow specimens of different subtypes, 68% expressed FR-β, most of which were also CD34+. In model cell lines that are FR (−) (KG-1a, L1210, and Chinese hamster ovary [CHO]) or FR (+) (KG-1, L1210 JF, and recombinant CHO-FR–β), selective FR-mediated binding and cytotoxicity was obtained using folate-coated liposomes encapsulating fluorescent calcein (f-L-calcein) and doxorubicin (f-L-DOX), respectively, which could be blocked by 1 mM free folic acid. In the FR-β–expressing KG-1 human AML cells, treatment with ATRA further increased this specificity. In mouse ascites leukemia models generated using L1210JF or KG-1 cells, increased median survival times were obtained with f-L-DOX treatment compared to nontargeted L-DOX. In the KG-1 model, ATRA treatment increased the cure rate with f-L-DOX from 10% to 60%. The above combined data from our 2 laboratories further support the feasibility and potential usefulness of selective ATRA-facilitated liposomal drug delivery in FR-β (+) AMLs.
ATM mutations are rare in familial chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Yuille Martin R. , Condie Alison , Hudson Chantelle D. , Bradshaw Paul S. , Stone Elaine M. , Matutes Estella , Catovsky Daniel , Houlston Richard S. 
Published: October 2002

Abstract
It is now recognized that a subset of B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is familial. The genetic basis of familial CLL is poorly understood, but recently germ line mutations in the Ataxia Telangiectasia (ATM) gene have been proposed to confer susceptibility to CLL. The evidence for this notion is, however, not unequivocal. To examine this proposition further we have screened the ATM gene for mutations in CLLs from 61 individuals in 29 families. Truncating ATM mutations, including a knownATM mutation, were detected in 2 affected individuals, but the mutations did not cosegregate with CLL in the families. In addition, 3 novel ATM missense mutations were detected. Common ATM missense mutations were not overrepresented. The data support previous observations that ATM mutation is associated with B-CLL. However, ATM mutations do not account for familial clustering of the disease.
Monoclonal B lymphocytes with the characteristics of “indolent” chronic lymphocytic leukemia are present in 3.5% of adults with normal blood counts
Authors: Rawstron Andy C. , Green Michael J. , Kuzmicki Anita , Kennedy Ben , Fenton James A. L. , Evans Paul A. S. , O'Connor Sheila J. M. , Richards Stephen J. , Morgan Gareth J. , Jack Andrew S. , Hillmen Peter 
Published: October 2002

Abstract
Molecular and cellular markers associated with malignant disease are frequently identified in healthy individuals. The relationship between these markers and clinical disease is not clear, except where a neoplastic cell population can be identified as in myeloma/monoclonal gammopathies of undetermined significance (MGUS). We have used the distinctive phenotype of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells to determine whether low levels of these cells can be identified in individuals with normal complete blood counts. CLL cells were identified by 4-color flow cytometric analysis of CD19/CD5/CD79b/CD20 expression in 910 outpatients over 40 years old. These outpatients were age- and sex-matched to the general population with normal hematologic parameters and no evident history of malignant disease. CLL phenotype cells were detectable in 3.5% of individuals at low level (median, 0.013; range, 0.002- 1.458 × 109 cells/L), and represented a minority of B lymphocytes (median, 11%; range, 3%-95%). Monoclonality was demonstrated by immunoglobulin light-chain restriction in all cases with CLL phenotype cells present and confirmed in a subset of cases by consensus-primer IgH-polymerase chain reaction. As in clinical disease, CLL phenotype cells were detected with a higher frequency in men (male-to-female ratio, 1.9:1) and elderly individuals (2.1% of 40- to 59-year-olds versus 5.0% of 60- to 89-year-olds, P = .01). The neoplastic cells were identical to good-prognosis CLL, being CD5+23+20wk79bwk11a−22wksIgwkCD38−, and where assessed had a high degree (4.8%-6.6%) of IgH somatic hypermutation. The monoclonal CLL phenotype cells present in otherwise healthy individuals may represent a very early stage of indolent CLL and should be useful in elucidating the mechanisms of leukemogenesis.
An animal model for human cellular immunotherapy: specific eradication of human acute lymphoblastic leukemia by cytotoxic T lymphocytes in NOD/scid mice
Authors: Nijmeijer Bart A. , Willemze Roel , Falkenburg J. H. Frederik 
Published: October 2002

Abstract
Adoptive immunotherapy using in vitro–generated donor-derived cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) can be effective in the treatment of relapsed leukemia after allogeneic transplantation. To determine effector cell characteristics that result in optimal in vivo antileukemic efficacy, we developed an animal model for human CTL therapy. Nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficiency (NOD/scid) mice were inoculated with either of 2 primary human acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), denoted as SK and OF. Anti-SK and anti-OF CTLs were generated in vitro by repeated stimulation of donor peripheral blood mononuclear cells with either SK or OF cells. Both CTL lines displayed HLA-restricted reactivity against the original targets and non-major histocompatibility class (MHC)–restricted cross-reactivity in vitro. The CTLs were administered intravenously weekly for 3 consecutive weeks to mice engrafted with either SK or OF leukemia. In 3 of 8 SK-engrafted and anti-SK–treated mice, complete remissions were achieved in blood, spleen, and bone marrow. In the remaining 5 animals partial remissions were observed. In 4 of 4 OF-engrafted anti-OF–treated mice partial remissions were observed. The antileukemic effect of specific CTLs was exerted immediately after administration and correlated with the degree of HLA disparity of the donor-patient combination. In cross-combination–treated animals, no effect on leukemic progression was observed indicating that in vivo antileukemic reactivity is mediated by MHC-restricted effector cells. The CTLs, however, displayed an impaired in vivo proliferative capacity. Ex vivo analysis showed decreased reactivity as compared to the moment of infusion. We therefore conclude that the model can be used to explore the requirements for optimal in vivo efficacy of in vitro– generated CTLs.
Incidence of venous thromboembolism in asymptomatic family members who are carriers of factor V Leiden: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Simioni Paolo , Tormene Daniela , Prandoni Paolo , Zerbinati Patrizia , Gavasso Sabrina , Cefalo Philip , Girolami Antonio 
Published: October 2002

Abstract
In a prospective cohort study, we assessed the incidence of spontaneous and risk period–related venous thromboembolism (VTE) in asymptomatic family members of patients who experienced VTE and had the factor V Leiden mutation. In all, 561 family members of 131 probands were included, 313 of whom were carriers (299 heterozygous and 14 homozygous) and 248 of whom were noncarriers of the factor V Leiden mutation. Average follow-up was 4 years (range, 4 months-6 years). There were 1255 and 984 observation-years of follow-up in carriers and noncarriers, respectively. Eight episodes of VTE occurred in heterozygous carriers, resulting in an annual incidence of 0.67% (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.29-1.33). Two events occurred in the absence of associated risk factors, determining an annual incidence of spontaneous VTE of 0.17% (95% CI, 0.02-0.6). Only one VTE (risk period–related) occurred in noncarriers, with an annual incidence of 0.1% (95% CI, 0.003-0.56). Relative risk for VTE in heterozygous carriers compared with noncarriers of the factor V Leiden mutation was 6.6 (95% CI, 1.1-39.8). Risk period–related VTE occurred with an incidence of 18% and 5% per risk period in heterozygous carriers and in noncarriers, respectively. Thus, the low rate of VTE in asymptomatic family members carrying the mutation did not justify continuous anticoagulant prophylaxis. Screening families of symptomatic probands with the factor V Leiden mutation has the potential to identify those asymptomatic carriers who might benefit from thromboprophylaxis during risk periods.