bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment framework for deepfake detection in real-world situations
Authors: Lu Yuhang , Ebrahimi Touradj 
Published: February 2024

AbstractDetecting digital face manipulation in images and video has attracted extensive attention due to the potential risk to public trust. To counteract the malicious usage of such techniques, deep learning-based deepfake detection methods have been employed and have exhibited remarkable performance. However, the performance of such detectors is often assessed on related benchmarks that hardly reflect real-world situations. For example, the impact of various image and video processing operations and typical workflow distortions on detection accuracy has not been systematically measured. In this paper, a more reliable assessment framework is proposed to evaluate the performance of learning-based deepfake detectors in more realistic settings. To the best of our acknowledgment, it is the first systematic assessment approach for deepfake detectors that not only reports the general performance under real-world conditions but also quantitatively measures their robustness toward different processing operations. To demonstrate the effectiveness and usage of the framework, extensive experiments and detailed analysis of four popular deepfake detection methods are further presented in this paper. In addition, a stochastic degradation-based data augmentation method driven by realistic processing operations is designed, which significantly improves the robustness of deepfake detectors.
Emotional intelligence and entrepreneurial intention among university undergraduates in Nigeria: exploring the mediating roles of self-efficacy domains
Authors: Nwibe Kenechukwu Joshua , Ogbuanya Theresa Chinyere 
Published: February 2024

AbstractHow emotional competencies influence entrepreneurial behaviour especially among college students remains an under-researched subject in the entrepreneurship literature. In a unique perspective, this study examined the mediating roles of self-efficacy belief dimensions in the relationship between emotional intelligence and entrepreneurial intention of Electrical/Electronics Technology Education (EETE) students. The study was carried out among 192 EETE university students in 4 federal universities in South-East Nigeria. The hypothesized causal relationships based on literature were tested using covariance-based structural equation modelling (CB-SEM). Andrew Hayes’ PROCESS plugin in SPSS was used to simultaneously estimate the mediating effects of the self-efficacy components (perceived competence, perceived control, and perceived persistence). Data analysis results revealed that emotional intelligence had a significant positive effect on entrepreneurial intention in isolation, while the direct effect of emotional intelligence in the structural (mediation) model was not significant. Out of the three dimensions of self-efficacy, perceived competence and perceived persistence had significant partial mediating effects. The implications of the findings and recommendations were discussed.
Examining media reports of pediatric unintentional firearm injury deaths for prevention messaging concerning secured storage of firearms: U.S., 2021–2022
Authors: Hammig Bart , Bordelon Abigail , Chandler Corinne 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
Media outlets that report on firearm injuries and deaths may provide an important role in emphasizing safe storage practices, particularly when unintentional firearm injuries and deaths occur among young children. There has been a scarcity of research on aspects of media reports on injuries, particularly concerning prevention messaging. The objective of the present study was to examine prevention messaging on the safe storage of firearms among media outlets when reporting on unintentional firearm injury deaths among children aged 0–11.

Methods
The Gun Violence Archive collects information from media sources regarding firearm injuries and deaths. We analyzed data from 2021 to 2022 to analyze prevention messaging incorporated into the media reports. We then examined if media reporting of events that occurred in States with child access prevention (CAP) laws had a higher likelihood of including prevention messaging compared to those events occurring in States without CAP laws.

Results
There were 223 deaths reported that were attributed to unintentional firearm discharge among children aged 0–11. Prevention messages were delivered in 61 of the 223 incidents. Specific messages which included the word “lock” when referring to firearm storage were included in 21.9% of all incidents. An analysis examining State CAP laws and the presence of any prevention message per event did not yield any discernable relationship.

Conclusion
Inclusion of prevention messaging stating that firearms should be stored locked and unloaded when reporting on unintentional firearm injury deaths among children is lacking. When specific prevention messaging was included, the source was often law enforcement. Public health officials may play an important role in educating the journalistic and law enforcement communities about the inclusion of safe storage messages when reporting on firearm deaths.
Behavioural patterns of university students during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study of the effects of active transportation, uninterrupted sitting time, and screen use on physical activity and sitting time
Authors: Marchant Gonzalo , Chevance Guillaume , Ladino Andrés , Lefèvre Brice , Jacquemond Nicolas 
Published: February 2024

Background The closure of universities due to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic may alter the behaviour of students. This study aimed to determine the effect of active transportation duration, uninterrupted sitting time, and screen time to study on physical activity and sitting time during the lockdown. Methods This was a cross-sectional study based on data collected via an online questionnaire for university students during the second confinement in France (between October and December 2020). Participants (N=2873) completed the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, which assessed physical activity and sedentary behaviour, and contained questions about modes of transport, and perception of uninterrupted sitting time and screen time to study prior to confinement and during confinement. Multiple regression models assessed how time duration of active transportation, uninterrupted sitting time, and screen time studying increased or reduced confinement effects on physical activity and sitting time. Results The regression models showed that physical activity decreased during confinement for students who engaged in more prolonged periods of active transportation prior to confinement. Moreover, the perception of long, uninterrupted sitting time and high screen time prior to confinement significantly increased sitting time during confinement. Students who adopted the most active transport time prior to confinement were the least likely to increase their screen time during confinement. Conclusions Confinement reduced physical activity levels and increased sitting time, mainly among students who adopted active transport and accumulated longer uninterrupted sitting time prior to confinement. Students who combined-long periods of uninterrupted sitting time with high screen use could be a riskier profile for health. Analysis of physical activity time and sitting position should include its accumulation patterns.
Incentive Auction Design Alternatives: A Simulation Study
Authors: Newman Neil , Leyton-Brown Kevin , Milgrom Paul , Segal Ilya 
Published: February 2024

This paper revisits the descending clock “reverse” auction design used in the U.S. Federal Communications Commission’s 2016–2017 “incentive auction.” We use extensive computational simulations to investigate the quantitative significance of various aspects of the design, leveraging a reverse auction simulator and realistic models of bidder values. This paper was accepted by Gabriel Weintraub, revenue management and market analytics. Funding: This work was supported by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency [Grant FA8750-19-2-0222 CFDA\# 12.910], the Canadian Institute for Advanced Research [Canada AI Research Chair at the Alberta Machine In], the National Science Foundation [Grant 1525730], and the Canadian Network for Research and Innovation in Machining Technology, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada [Discovery Grant, Discovery Grant Supplement]. Supplemental Material: The data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2020.02489 .
Nutritional factors and pressure injury risk in hospitalised patients post-stroke
Authors: Schott Mairin , Dalmolin Cristina , Golin Anieli , Alves Bruna Pessoa , Cassol Milena Cervo , Brondani Juliana Ebling , Marques Andréa Rodrigues , Marques Clandio Timm , Colpo Elisângela 
Published: February 2024

Objective: This study aimed to analyse the nutritional factors and pressure injury (PI) risk in hospitalised patients post-stroke. Method: The research employed a descriptive observational method in which patients ≥18 years of age were followed for six days. Nutritional evaluation was based on anthropometric and dietary factors. The nutritional risk was assessed via anthropometric measurements, Braden nutrition subscale and daily dietary intake. PI risk was evaluated through the Braden Scale. The Wilcoxon test, paired t-test, and Kruskal–Wallis test were applied and corrected with Bonferroni correction or analysis of variance, followed by the post hoc Tukey test. Results: During their hospital stays, the participating 59 patients had an increase in sensory perception (p=0.02) and nutrition (p=0.005) scores. It was observed that patients at high risk of PI did not meet daily nutritional recommendations for calories, proteins, carbohydrates, lipids and micronutrients (zinc, selenium and copper) compared with patients at low-to-moderate risk. Weight (p<0.001), body mass index (p<0.001), calf (p=0.01) and arm (p=0.04) circumferences, and subscapular (p=0.003) and triceps (p<0.001) skinfolds decreased during the six days of hospitalisation. Conclusion: From the findings of this study, it was concluded that nutritional factors, such as unmet recommended daily nutritional requirements of macronutrients and micronutrients, and nutritional status are associated with a higher risk of developing a PI.
Effect of prophylactic dressings to reduce pressure injuries: a polymer-based skin model
Authors: Kohta Masushi , Yunoki Shunji , Sugama Junko 
Published: February 2024

Objective:This study evaluated the effect of pressure injury (PI) prophylactic dressings used for patients at high risk of PI development to reduce friction, shear force and pressure, and their combined force, in an original polymer-based skin model.Method:A low-friction outer-layer hydrocolloid (LFH) dressing and a multilayered silicone foam (MSF) dressing were used. Before application, compression and friction properties were measured. Our original experimental model—the ‘simulated skin-shearing test’—consisted of: a weight; a polyurethane-based skin model containing a three-axis tactile sensor; dressings; a table covered with bedsheets; and a mechanical tester, by which the interface friction force, internal shear force and pressure were measured continuously during skin model movements. An estimated combined force generated by internal shear and pressure was represented as a vector. A model with no dressing was used as a control.Results:The LFH dressing had significantly higher compression strength versus the MSF dressing. In contrast, the dynamic coefficient of friction was lower for the LFH dressing versus the MSF dressing (p<0.05). In simulated skin-shearing test results, shear forces were 0.45N and 0.42N for LFH and MSF dressings, respectively, with no significant difference. The estimated combined force was lower for the MSF dressing compared with that of the LFH dressing and control.Conclusion:The shear force-reducing effect in the skin model was equivalent between the LFH and MSF dressings. However, the MSF dressing significantly reduced the force generated by a combination of internal shear force and pressure compared with the LFH dressing.
Sorting, trapping, and shifting of microparticles with stagnation point flow on an optofluidic chip
Authors: Huang Xiaofang , Huang Yihang , Mai Wenshuo , Zhang Hang , Xiong Sha 
Published: February 2024

This paper proposes an optofluidic chip for highly efficient and multipurpose microparticle manipulation including sorting, trapping, and shifting. The operating principles are based on the different optical forces exerted on the microparticles by controllable optical and fluidic conditions. The microparticles are confined by hydrodynamic focusing and conveyed to the optical active region, where the particles are slowed down by stagnation flow. Low velocity extends the acting time, allowing high-efficiency optical sorting by a laser of 500 mW power. Numerical simulations are utilized to optimize the fluidic conditions. Experiments have demonstrated the sorting of polystyrene particles with a diameter of 3.2 µm from those of 1.1 µm. In addition, we have realized the trapping of a single 3.2 µm particle with adjustable equilibrium positions. Velocity variation of the microparticles has been analyzed during the manipulation process. The proposed design presents an alternative to provide desirable sorting performance, target selectivity, throughput, and versatility of an integrated device in biomedical applications.
Pediatric anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis: Exploring psychosis, related risk factors, and hospital outcomes in a nationwide inpatient sample: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Jaka Sanobar , Singh Sukhnoor , Vashist Sreshatha , Pokhrel Sandesh , Saldana Ericka , Sejdiu Albulena , Taneja Sanjana , Arisoyin Abimbola , Mogallapu Raja , Gunturu Sasidhar , Bachu Anil , Patel Rikinkumar S. 
Published: February 2024

Objective
Our study aims to examine the risk factors for comorbid psychosis in pediatric patients hospitalized for anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis and its impact on hospital outcomes.

Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional study using the nationwide inpatient sample (NIS 2018–2019). We included 3,405 pediatric inpatients (age 6–17 years) with a primary discharge diagnosis of anti-NMDAR encephalitis. We used binomial logistic regression model to evaluate the odds ratio (OR) of variables (demographic and comorbidities) associated with comorbid psychosis.

Results
The prevalence of comorbid psychosis in anti-NMDAR encephalitis inpatients was 5.3%, and majorly constituted of adolescents (72.2%) and females (58.3%). In terms of race, Blacks (OR 2.41), and Hispanics (OR 1.80) had a higher risk of comorbid psychosis compared to Whites. Among comorbidities, encephalitis inpatients with depressive disorders (OR 4.60), sleep-wake disorders (OR 3.16), anxiety disorders (OR 2.11), neurodevelopmental disorders (OR 1.95), and disruptive behavior disorders (OR 2.15) had a higher risk of comorbid psychosis. Anti-NMDAR encephalitis inpatients with comorbid psychosis had a longer median length of stay at 24.6 days (vs. 9.8 days) and higher median charges at $262,796 (vs. $135,323) compared to those without psychotic presentation.

Conclusion
Adolescents, females, and Blacks with encephalitis have a higher risk of psychotic presentation leading to hospitalization for anti-NMDAR encephalitis. Identification of demographic predictors and comorbidities can aid in early recognition and intervention to optimize care and potentially reduce the healthcare burden.
Institutional capacity assessment in the lens of implementation research: Capacity of the local institutions in delivering WASH services at Cox’s Bazar district, Bangladesh
Authors: Rahman Mahbubur , Alam Mahbub-Ul , Luies Sharmin Khan , Ferdous Sharika , Mamun Zahidul , Rahman Musarrat Jabeen , Biswas Debashish , Ananya Tazrina , Asadullah  , Kamal Abul , Chowdhury Ritthick , Khan Eheteshamul Russel , Johnston Dara , Worth Martin , Daisy Umme Farwa , Ahmed Tanvir 
Published: February 2024

Background
The influx of Forcibly Displaced Myanmar Nationals (FDMNs) has left the Southwest coastal district of Cox’s Bazar with one of the greatest contemporary humanitarian crises, stressing the existing water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) resources and services. This study aimed to assess the existing capacity of local institutions involved in delivering WASH services and identify relevant recommendations for intervention strategies.

Methods
We used a qualitative approach, including interviews and capacity assessment workshops with institutions engaged in WASH service delivery. We conducted five key informant interviews (KII) with sub-district level officials of the Department of Public Health Engineering (DPHE), Directorate General of Health Services (DGHS), Directorate of Primary Education (DPE) and Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committee (BRAC) to have a general idea of WASH service mechanisms. Seven capacity assessment workshops were organized with the relevant district and sub-district level stakeholders from August 2019 to September 2019. These workshops followed three key areas: i) knowledge of policy, organizational strategy, guidelines, and framework; ii) institutional arrangements for service delivery such as planning, implementation, coordination, monitoring, and reporting; and iii) availability and management of human, financial and infrastructural resources. Data were categorized using thematic content analysis.

Results
The majority of stakeholders lacked awareness of national WASH policies. Furthermore, the top-down planning approaches resulted in activities that were not context-specific, and lack of coordination between multiple institutions compromised the optimal WASH service delivery at the local level. Shortage of human resources in delivering sustainable WASH services, inadequate supervision, and inadequate evaluation of activities also required further improvement, as identified by WASH stakeholders.

Conclusion
Research evidence suggests that decision-makers, donors, and development partners should consider learning from the WASH implementers and stakeholders about their existing capacity, gaps, and opportunities before planning for any WASH intervention in any particular area.
Potential efficacy of caffeine ingestion on balance and mobility in patients with multiple sclerosis: Preliminary evidence from a single-arm pilot clinical trial
Authors: Dadvar Afsoon , Jameie Melika , Azizmohammad Looha Mehdi , Parsaei Mohammadamin , Zeynali Bujani Meysam , Amanollahi Mobina , Babaei Mahsa , Khosravi Alireza , Amirifard Hamed 
Published: February 2024

ObjectivesCaffeine’s potential benefits on multiple sclerosis (MS), as well as on the ambulatory performance of non-MS populations, prompted us to evaluate its potential effects on balance, mobility, and health-related quality of life (HR-QoL) of persons with MS (PwMS).MethodsThis single-arm pilot clinical trial consisted of a 2-week placebo run-in and a 12-week caffeine treatment (200 mg/day) stage. The changes in outcome measures during the study period (weeks 0, 2, 4, 8, and 12) were evaluated using the Generalized Estimation Equation (GEE). The outcome measures were the 12-item Multiple Sclerosis Walking Scale (MSWS-12) for self-reported ambulatory disability, Berg Balance Scale (BBS) for static and dynamic balance, Timed Up and Go (TUG) for dynamic balance and functional mobility, Multiple Sclerosis Impact Scale (MSIS-29) for patient’s perspective on MS-related QoL (MS-QoL), and Patients’ Global Impression of Change (PGIC) for subjective assessment of treatment efficacy. GEE was also used to evaluate age and sex effect on the outcome measures over time. (Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials, IRCT2017012332142N1).ResultsThirty PwMS were included (age: 38.89 ± 9.85, female: 76.7%). Daily caffeine consumption significantly improved the objective measures of balance and functional mobility (BBS; P-value<0.001, and TUG; P-value = 0.002) at each study time point, and the subjective measure of MS-related QoL (MSIS-29; P-value = 0.005) two weeks after the intervention. Subjective measures of ambulatory disability (MSWS-12) and treatment efficacy (PGIC) did not significantly change. The effect of age and sex on the outcome measures were also assessed; significant sex-time interaction effects were found for MSWS-12 (P-value = 0.001) and PGIC (P-value<0.001). The impact of age on BBS scores increased as time progressed (P-value = 0.006).ConclusionsCaffeine may enhance balance, functional mobility, and QoL in PwMS. Being male was associated with a sharper increase in self-reported ambulatory disability over time. The effects of aging on balance get more pronounced over time.Trial registrationThis study was registered with the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (Registration number:IRCT2017012332142N1), a Primary Registry in the WHO Registry Network.
Statistical modelling of aquatic size spectra: integrating data from multiple taxa and sampling methods
Authors: Giacomini Henrique Corrêa , de Kerckhove Derrick T. , Kopf Victoria , Chu Cindy 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Size spectra are used to assess the status and functioning of marine and freshwater ecosystems worldwide. Their use is underpinned by theory linking the dynamics of trophic interactions to a power-law decline of abundance with body size in ecological communities. Recent papers on empirical size spectrum estimation have argued for Maximum Likelihood Estimation of power-law probability distributions as a more accurate alternative to traditional linear regression approaches. One major limitation of currently used size spectrum estimators from Maximum Likelihood Estimation is that they cannot account for the use of multiple sampling protocols, nor the distortions caused by gear size selectivity, and therefore they become restricted to a relatively narrow taxonomic group and size range. Further progress in the field requires new methods that are flexible enough to combine multiple trophic groups and sampling gears into a single size spectrum estimate, while taking advantage of more accurate distributional approaches. The method we propose in this paper fills this gap by deriving the distribution of observed sizes explicitly from the underlying power-law spectrum and gear selectivity functions. It specifies likelihoods as a product of two components: (i) the probability of belonging to a given group and (ii) the probability distribution within the group. Using Bayesian estimation, we applied the method to surveys of phytoplankton, zooplankton, and fishes in lakes of Quetico Provincial Park, northwestern Ontario, using Van Dorn samplers, zooplankton nets, gillnets, and hydroacoustics. The results show that the spectra estimated from subsets of trophic groups or gears are weak predictors of more complete spectra, highlighting the importance of using more inclusive community data. The two-component partitioning of likelihoods also helped demonstrate the existence of between-group spectrum slopes that were overall steeper than within-group slopes, indicating that heterogeneity of trophic transfers across the size spectrum is an important factor structuring these ecosystems.