bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trap‐induced persistent luminescence in organic light‐emitting diodes
Authors: Wu Zishuang , Lin Cunjian , Yang Rujun , Zhan Chenhan , Wang Yajing , Tong Kai‐Ning , You Shihai , Lv Ying , Wei Guodan , Ueda Jumpei , Zhuang Yixi , Xie Rong‐Jun 
Published: January 2025

AbstractLuminescence in organics that lasts for seconds to a few hours after light excitation has been reported recently, showcasing significant application potentials in flexible electronics and bioimaging. In contrast, long‐lasting luminescence that can be electrically excited, whether in organics or inorganics, is much rarer and often less efficient. In this study, we report persistent luminescence (PersL) in organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) that lasts over 100 s and an energy storage effect beyond 60 min after charging with a direct‐current electric field. Thermoluminescence studies reveal that the PersL in OLEDs is induced by traps formed in a host‐guest molecular system serving as an emission layer (EML) with a trap depth of approximately 0.24 eV, consistent with the results from the same EML materials under light irradiation. Integrating results from electronic spin resonance, and density functional theory calculations, we propose a model delineating the charge carrier migration responsible for the trap‐induced PersL in OLEDs. This study on trap‐induced PersL in OLEDs may deepen our understanding of the luminescence mechanism in organic semiconductors and pave the way for expanding their applications in optoelectronics, energy storage and biological detection technologies.image
Numerical and Experimental Investigations of a Double‐Suction Pump With a Middle Spacer and a Staggered Impeller
Authors: Wang Zhe , Chen Yongjun , Rakibuzzaman Md , Agarwal Ramesh , Zhou Ling 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTDouble‐suction pumps are among the most commonly used mechanical devices in irrigation and drainage. To investigate the effects of the impeller configuration with a spacer and staggered arrangement on the internal flow field and radial force characteristics of a double‐suction centrifugal pump, a comparison investigation was conducted using the same type of pump with three different impeller configurations: a symmetrically arranged impeller without a spacer, a symmetrically arranged impeller with a spacer and a staggered 25° arrangement impeller with a spacer. This study employed a combination of experimental and numerical simulation methods to analyse changes in the head, efficiency, transient radial force and internal flow field under three typical operating conditions. The results indicate that the staggered 25° arrangement impeller with a spacer results in a higher head and efficiency than both the symmetrically arranged impellers without a spacer and those with a spacer across most working conditions. Furthermore, the efficiency improvement is most significant at low flow rates for the staggered 25° arrangement impeller with a spacer compared with the other configurations. In terms of the internal flow field, the addition of a spacer and staggered 25° arrangement impeller effectively reduces the high‐velocity flow, making the pressure distribution gradient more reasonable and the turbulent kinetic energy distribution more uniform. Additionally, adding spacers and employing staggered arrangements effectively reduces the steady‐state radial forces as well as the main frequency amplitude of the radial force fluctuations on the impeller. This improves both the high‐velocity flow structure attenuation rate and outlet flow stability for double‐suction impellers. By comparing and analysing the external characteristics, internal flow field and radial force characteristics of different impeller configurations, this study proposes an improved impeller scheme based on a spacer and staggered arrangement, which provides a new optimization idea for improving the efficiency and stability of double‐suction centrifugal pumps in irrigation systems.
Rapid reduction in surgical time and high level of accuracy in alignment and femoral component size prediction in robotic‐assisted total knee arthroplasty with ROSA Knee System
Authors: Petrillo Stefano , Moretti Giorgio , Bordignon Niccolò , Romagnoli Sergio 
Published: January 2025

AbstractPurposeRobotic‐assisted total knee arthroplasty (RA‐TKA) has gained popularity for its potential ability to improve surgical precision and patient outcomes, despite concerns about its long learning curve and increased operative times. The aim of this study is to evaluate the learning curve of the ROSA® Knee System, the relationship between each phase of the learning curve and the accuracy of the robotic system in femoral component size and knee alignment prediction.MethodsA single surgeon retrospective analysis of total operative time (TOT) and total robotic time was conducted. The first 60 cases of RA‐TKA performed between July 2023 and March 2024 were included. Six (10%) patients were excluded due to incomplete surgical reports. A cumulative sum analysis was used to identify the learning and proficiency phases of the surgeon's learning curve. Moreover, femoral component size prediction accuracy and the difference between planned and achieved knee alignment were analyzed.ResultsThe projected learning curve showed a significant reduction in TOT after 10 cases, with mean time decreasing from 62.6 ± 7.92 min in the learning phase to 49.9 ± 8.10 min in the proficiency phase (p = 0.0008). The robotic procedure accounted for 48% and 42% of the TOT in the learning and proficiency phases, respectively. Prediction in femoral component size was accurate in 92.6% of cases. The difference between planned and achieved knee alignment was not statistically significant (1.1° ± 0.9°).ConclusionsThe ROSA® Knee System allows a rapid learning curve in RA‐TKA, with a significant reduction in operative time after the first 10 cases. An experienced orthopaedic surgeon specialized in knee arthroplasty can quickly reach a proficiency phase, maintaining high accuracy in alignment and femoral component sizing. These findings suggest that the ROSA® system is an effective and reliable tool for CR RA‐TKA, offering precise and reproducible outcomes.Level of EvidenceIV.
The effect of STI screening during pregnancy on vertical transmission of HIV and adverse pregnancy outcomes in South Africa: a modelling study
Authors: Nyemba Dorothy C. , Joseph‐Davey Dvora L. , Delany‐Moretlwe Sinead , Myer Landon , Johnson Leigh F. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractIntroductionSexually transmitted infections (STIs) in pregnancy are associated with an increased risk of vertical HIV transmission and adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes. In South Africa, syndromic management is the standard of care for STI management. We assessed the potential impact of point‐of‐care (POC) screening for curable STIs (Chlamydia trachomatis [CT], Trichomonas vaginalis [TV] and Neisseria gonorrhoeae [NG]) during pregnancy on vertical HIV transmission and adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes.MethodWe developed a static mathematical model to estimate the impact of syndromic management compared to POC screening of STIs in pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in South Africa over one calendar year (2022). Our model assumptions regarding the effect of CT, NG and TV on adverse pregnancy/birth outcomes and vertical HIV transmission were informed by two separate meta‐analyses that we conducted. Local studies informed estimates of STI prevalence, POC screening uptake and treatment, and sensitivity of syndromic management.ResultsIn the absence of POC screening for curable STIs, 25.5% of pregnant women without HIV and 34.6% of pregnant women living with HIV were estimated to have undiagnosed and untreated STIs. In the POC scenario, 92% (95% CI: 85−100%) of STIs were diagnosed and treated during pregnancy, reducing antenatal maternal HIV incidence by 10.0% (95% CI: 1.0−20.1%). Overall, vertical HIV transmission was anticipated to reduce by 8.6% (5.2−13.8%), with reductions of 20.9% (15.2−27.0%) at birth and 2.5% (−0.9% to 9.0%) postnatally, in the POC screening scenario compared to current syndromic management. POC screening of curable STIs is further estimated to reduce the incidence of stillbirth by 10.1% (1.3–18.7%), preterm delivery by 6.3% (3.4–9.7%), infants born small for gestational age by 2.7% (0.7–4.9%) and low birth weight by 9.1% (0.9–18%).ConclusionsPOC STI screening and treatment may modestly reduce maternal HIV incidence, vertical HIV transmission, and the risk of adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes, and would substantially reduce the burden of curable STIs in pregnancy. The study provides evidence to move beyond the syndromic management of STIs in South Africa, particularly in antenatal care.
Identifying Primary Sites of Spinal Metastases: Expert‐Derived Features vs. ResNet50 Model Using Nonenhanced MRI
Authors: Liu Ke , Ning Jinlai , Qin Siyuan , Xu Jun , Hao Dapeng , Lang Ning 
Published: January 2025

BackgroundThe spinal column is a frequent site for metastases, affecting over 30% of solid tumor patients. Identifying the primary tumor is essential for guiding clinical decisions but often requires resource‐intensive diagnostics.PurposeTo develop and validate artificial intelligence (AI) models using noncontrast MRI to identify primary sites of spinal metastases, aiming to enhance diagnostic efficiency.Study TypeRetrospective.PopulationA total of 514 patients with pathologically confirmed spinal metastases (mean age, 59.3 ± 11.2 years; 294 males) were included, split into a development set (360) and a test set (154).Field Strength/SequenceNoncontrast sagittal MRI sequences (T1‐weighted, T2‐weighted, and fat‐suppressed T2) were acquired using 1.5 T and 3 T scanners.AssessmentTwo models were evaluated for identifying primary sites of spinal metastases: the expert‐derived features (EDF) model using radiologist‐identified imaging features and a ResNet50‐based deep learning (DL) model trained on noncontrast MRI. Performance was assessed using accuracy, precision, recall, F1 score, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC‐AUC) for top‐1, top‐2, and top‐3 indicators.Statistical TestsStatistical analyses included Shapiro–Wilk, t tests, Mann–Whitney U test, and chi‐squared tests. ROC‐AUCs were compared via DeLong tests, with 95% confidence intervals from 1000 bootstrap replications and significance at P < 0.05.ResultsThe EDF model outperformed the DL model in top‐3 accuracy (0.88 vs. 0.69) and AUC (0.80 vs. 0.71). Subgroup analysis showed superior EDF performance for common sites like lung and kidney (e.g., kidney F1: 0.94 vs. 0.76), while the DL model had higher recall for rare sites like thyroid (0.80 vs. 0.20). SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) analysis identified sex (SHAP: −0.57 to 0.68), age (−0.48 to 0.98), T1WI signal intensity (−0.29 to 0.72), and pathological fractures (−0.76 to 0.25) as key features.Data ConclusionAI techniques using noncontrast MRI improve diagnostic efficiency for spinal metastases. The EDF model outperformed the DL model, showing greater clinical potential.Plain Language SummarySpinal metastases, or cancer spreading to the spine, are common in patients with advanced cancer, often requiring extensive tests to determine the original tumor site. Our study explored whether artificial intelligence could make this process faster and more accurate using noncontrast MRI scans. We tested two methods: one based on radiologists' expertise in identifying imaging features and another using a deep learning model trained to analyze MRI images. The expert‐based method was more reliable, correctly identifying the tumor site in 88% of cases when considering the top three likely diagnoses. This approach may help doctors reduce diagnostic time and improve patient care.Level of Evidence3Technical EfficacyStage 2
Identification and Variability Analysis of New Homogeneous Summer Monsoon Rainfall Regions Over India by Using K‐Means Clustering Technique
Authors: Sreekala P. P. , Babu C. A. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe identification of new homogeneous Indian summer monsoon rainfall regions is important for both research and operational forecasting purposes. The homogeneous rainfall regions used by the India Meteorological Department include areas that are actually dissimilar in terms of both the amount of rainfall and its variability. In the present study, we have identified three primary clusters of homogenous summer monsoon rainfall zones (low, medium and high rainfall) of India by using K‐means clustering technique and Calinski–Harabasz (CH) index. The identified clusters are again subdivided based on the distance between the clusters into six homogenous rainfall zones such as Southeast India (SI), West India (WI), Central India (CI), West Coast of India (WC), Northeast India1&2 (NE1 & NE2). Summer monsoon rainfall exhibit a positive trend over the western and southern region of India (SI, WC, and WI) while the eastern part of India (CI, NE1 and NE2) exhibit a negative trend. The increased sea surface temperature of tropical north Atlantic during May is conducive for the enhanced summer monsoon rainfall activity over low rainfall zone (Southeast India and West India). Tropical North Atlantic SST during May is related with the subsequent warming of Indo Pacific Ocean and cooling of Central Pacific Ocean, which induces southeasterlies towards Indian region and strengthen the rainfall activity over SI and WI. The position and intensity of the upper‐level circulations have profound impact on the interannual variability of rainfall over different homogenous regions. Above‐normal rainfall over SI and WI (CI and WC) is enhanced by the upper‐level anticyclonic (cyclonic) circulation in Bay of Bengal (West Asia), which extends north westward (south eastward) to the Indian landmass. Indian Ocean warming during May is associated with above (below) normal rainfall over NE2 region (the eastern part of CI). Southern Ocean SST during May is significantly correlated with the rainfall over southwest coast of India, which is also indicated by the positive correlation between April southern Annular Mode and south west coast rainfall. Sea surface temperature during May in different ocean basins can be used as the potential predictors for improving the long‐range forecast of seasonal rainfall over newly identified homogenous rainfall zones.
Mapping the Research Landscape: A Comprehensive Bibliometric Review of Global Warming and Human Health
Authors: Zheng Qingyong , Xu Jianguo , Liu Ming , Ji Kexin , Zhang Yu , Wu Songlin , Li Tengfei , Yuan Kaisen , Ma Zhichao , Ma Zijian , Tian Jinhui , Li Jiang 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTHuman health is increasingly threatened by global warming, necessitating a thorough understanding of research progress in this critical area to inform future studies. The data were analysed using Microsoft Excel 2021, and visualisations were created with GraphPad, VOSviewer and R‐Studio (Bibliometrix). These tools were used to generate graphs and network visualisations illustrating author and country collaborations, journal article distributions, hotspot clustering and future trend predictions. Our analysis revealed a substantial increase in publications in recent years, with intensified research and collaboration observed across Asia, Europe, North America and Oceania, particularly in the United States. Various high‐impact journals have made meaningful contributions to raising awareness in this field, emphasises the multifaceted impacts of global warming on public health and societal activities, while also exploring adaptive measures being implemented in response to these changes. As the world continues to grapple with the global pandemic, further research is likely to spotlight related issues, with heightened interest anticipated. The evidence of global warming's impact on human health is becoming increasingly evident, underscoring the need for global cooperation to mitigate its effects and promote public health. This study provides a foundation for researchers and policymakers, highlighting the significance of addressing global warming's implications for human well‐being. By fostering international collaboration, we can collectively strive toward sustainable strategies to combat global warming and safeguard public health.
Land Use Effects on Organic Carbon in Andean Volcanic Ash Soils
Authors: Staß Stefanie , Dorau Kristof , Aguirre Patricia , Schwiebert Peter , Mansfeldt Tim 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundBoth organic carbon (OC) stocks and labile OC (LOC) fractions are important indicators of soil health and are sensitive to land use change.AimsTo study the effects of land use change on these indicators in montane volcanic ash soils, a soil transect was surveyed in northern Ecuador.MethodsSamples were collected from 0–30, 30–60, and 60–90 cm soil depth at two agricultural sites with different time of cultivation and at three natural vegetation sites (tropical alpine grassland, páramo). LOC was determined as cold and hot water extractable OC (CWEOC and HWEOC). Molar absorptivity at 254 nm was determined in the extracts as a qualitative measure.ResultsTotal OC stocks were high at the páramo sites (51.3–60.2 kg C m−3) and the younger agricultural site (50.8 kg C m−3; 20 years of cultivation), but significantly lower (30.1 kg C m−3) at the older agricultural site (at least 100 years of cultivation); CWEOC (0.1%–0.7%) and HWEOC (0.6%–4.1%) represented only a small part of the OC. Both LOC pools decreased with increasing cultivation time, with CWEOC reflecting short‐term and HWEOC long‐term effects. In contrast, the molar absorptivity was highest at the oldest site (198–307 L mol−1 cm−1 vs. 36–64 L mol−1 cm−1 at the other sites), indicating that easily degradable labile C was depleted leaving compounds with higher aromaticity.ConclusionsThe conversion of páramo into agricultural land negatively affects OC stocks and soil health, as indicated by reduced OC storage capacities and lower LOC contents.
Toward a Scientific Understanding of Queer, Trans, and Two‐Spirit (QT2S) Native Youth Mental Health Disparities
Authors: BlackDeer Autumn Asher 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTQueer, trans, and Two‐Spirit native youth experience exponential increases in risk for health disparities, yet little is known about their distinct mental health needs. There remains a dearth of literature examining the unique intersection of Indigeneity, gender and sexuality, and age. As Indigenous populations in the United States have grown in the past decade, it is imperative to develop a comprehensive understanding of QT2S native youth mental health. The present work seeks to bridge the fields of scholarship on native youth and LGBTQ communities' mental health disparities to illuminate gaps in scientific understanding of QT2S native youth mental health. The current paper will discuss theoretical frameworks, methodological considerations, and mental health disparities scholarship on QT2S youth, concluding with research recommendations toward developing a scientific understanding of QT2S native youth mental health disparities.
Global Well‐Posedness and Large‐Time Behavior for Inhomogeneous Incompressible Navier–Stokes System in the Exterior of a Cylinder
Authors: Wang Ying , Guo Zhenhua 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTIn this paper, we consider axisymmetric solutions of inhomogeneous incompressible Navier–Stokes system under Dirichlet boundary conditions in the exterior of a cylinder. We establish the global well‐posedness of strong solutions and obtain uniform estimates for the gradient of the density as well as algebraic decay rates for spatial gradients of the velocity. Note that the initial density can contain vacuum states, and the initial data do not need to satisfy compatibility condition.
Numerical Analysis of Heat Transfer and Flow Characteristics of Jeffrey Nanofluid Over Stretched Surfaces With MHD and Slip Effects
Authors: Khan Mumtaz , Imran Mudassar , Khan M. Riaz , Beinane Sid Ahmed Ould , Alzahrani Ali 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThis study employs the Jeffrey fluid model to investigate stress relaxation in non‐Newtonian fluids, offering a more precise representation than conventional viscous models. It explores the influence of multiple slip conditions and magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) on Jeffrey fluid flow and heat transfer across irregular surfaces. Additionally, the impact of thermal radiation and internal heat sources on heat transfer is examined, essential for a comprehensive understanding of the system's thermal dynamics. Using the Buongiorno model, the diffusion and thermophoresis of nanoparticles within the flow are analyzed. Nonlinear coupled governing equations covering flow dynamics, heat transfer, and nanoparticle transport are transformed into ordinary differential equations (ODEs) through similarity transformations and solved numerically using the Runge–Kutta fourth‐order (RK4) method combined with shooting techniques. Results indicate significant effects of physical parameters on temperature, velocity, and mass profiles: a 20% decrease in temperature profiles with an increase in the dimensionless thermal slip coefficient from 0.1 to 0.5 and a 15% reduction in velocity profiles from a 0.1 unit increase in the magnetic parameter . The study also quantifies mass and heat transfer rates to elucidate their impacts. These findings have profound implications for engineering applications involving non‐Newtonian and nanofluids in complex geometrical configurations.
The effect of nutrition education intervention for caregivers on the nutrition status of the elderly receiving home care: A 1‐year follow‐up interventional trial
Authors: Meriç Çağdaş Salih , Yabanci Ayhan Nurcan 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundThe high prevalence of malnutrition among those of older age and the lack of nutrition knowledge among the elderly and their caregivers underscore the need for a nutrition education intervention (NEI) for caregivers.Materials and MethodsPatients enrolled in the “home care program” who were dependent, were >65 years of age, and had caregivers (n = 94) were included in the study. A nutritionist conducted initial NEI sessions for caregivers and subsequently monitored them monthly at home for 12 months. Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) and World Health Organization Quality of Life Elderly Module (WHOQOL‐OLD) were used to evaluate the nutrition status and quality of life scores of those of older age, respectively. Additional assessments included dietary intake, anthropometric measurements, and biochemical measurements. Other measures included current medical history and Barthel Index for Activities of Daily Living. All measurements were recorded over 12 months.ResultsThe mean age of the participants was 84.4 ± 6.9 years, with 61.7% being women. Significant differences were observed postintervention for MNA (Δ = +1.4; P < 0.001) and WHOQOL‐OLD (Δ = +3.0; P < 0.001). The NEI was associated with improved nutrition status and quality of life. Post‐intervention, significant improvements were noted in body weight (Δ = +0.4 kg; P < 0.001), waist circumference (Δ = +0.3 cm; P < 0.05), BMI (Δ = +0.2 kg/m2; P < 0.05), energy intake (Δ = +77 kcal/day; P < 0.001), protein intake (Δ = +5.4 g/day; P < 0.001), carbohydrate intake (Δ = +16.2 g/day; P < 0.001), and intakes of vitamin B2 (Δ = +0.3 mg/day; P < 0.001), vitamin C (Δ = +24.0 mg/day; P < 0.05), calcium (Δ = +133 mg/day; P < 0.001), and phosphorus (Δ = +116 mg/day; P < 0.001).ConclusionsNEI for caregivers may reduce the malnutrition prevalence among those of older age and improve their dietary habits, quality of life, anthropometric measurements, biochemical parameters, and nutritional intake.