bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Robert Heller’s Magical Mystery Tours
Authors: Fillerup Jessie 
Published: October 2023

Robert Heller, a virtually unknown figure in music-historical accounts, trained in the 1840s at the Royal Academy of Music in London and gave the American premieres of Beethoven’s Fourth and Fifth Piano Concertos with the Germania Musical Society. But he also pursued a parallel career in theatrical magic, using his musical virtuosity to elevate his social and artistic stature as a conjurer. Between 1852 and 1878, his magic act was seen by millions in Europe, East Asia, and the United States, including states and territories in the American West never visited by contemporary piano virtuosos like Thalberg and De Meyer.
While magicians routinely incorporated music in their acts, Heller’s virtuosity set him apart from his conjuring peers, including those who were themselves musicians. Using his musical expertise, he blended the magic show with other popular forms of spectacle, including minstrelsy, burlesque, and the piano recital, framing the latter as an extraordinary attraction. Advertisements and accounts of his performances reveal the marketing strategies Heller employed to negotiate the crowded landscape of consumer culture and American popular entertainment, especially during the tumultuous years of the Civil War. These strategies included co-branding, altering the titles and descriptions of musical compositions (particularly “Dixie”), and joining forces with “Blind Tom” (Thomas Greene) Wiggins, the Black, enslaved musical prodigy whom Heller had briefly tutored; they performed together in Louisville during one of the magician’s last appearances in the South. Throughout the 1860s, Heller was influenced by gendered musical practices and regional attitudes toward race and politics, leading him to market his act specifically toward middle-class women, music lovers, Unionists, and those seeking postwar reconciliation.
The Model of Palliative Care in Poland from the Perspective of People at the End of Life and Their Carers: Preliminary Issues
Authors: Borski Maciej 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The aim of this article is to reflect on the model of palliative care in Poland from the perspectives of a person at the end of life and their carers. A large part of the considerations is focused on terminological issues, the presentation of which is extremely important, because not only does it illustrate the evolution in the approach to palliative care, but it also defines the personal aspect of support related to the person at the end of life and their carer. An extremely important element of the article is the presentation, based on the current legal status, of the basic assumptions of palliative care in Poland by showing the forms of support addressed not only to people at the end of their lives, but also to their carers. It should be emphasized here that this care should take on a holistic dimension, going beyond the legal and institutional sphere, hence some of the considerations are also devoted to social, spiritual, emotional or information support, which from the point of view of these people is also extremely important. The article also attempts to indicate specific normative solutions requiring intervention by the legislature, due to the demographic and epidemic challenges facing the Polish state.
Legal and Medical Aspects of the End of Human Life from the Perspective of Palliative Medicine Related to Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Jakubów Piotr , Niedźwiecka Karolina , Kondracka Julia , Turczynowicz Aleksander , Kocańda Szymon , Malarewicz-Jakubów Agnieszka 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Despite the impressive developments in modern medicine, the healthcare system is still associated with human death. Medicine has made great strides in the treatment of many diseases. The procedures are particularly advanced in, e.g., cardiac surgery, vascular surgery, and other fields.
However, despite these efforts, not all patients are cured, and the use of aggressive treatment often contributes to their suffering. This does not mean that patients should be left unattended at the end of their lives.. Palliative medicine deals with patients coming to the end of their lives, concentrating on alleviating suffering and improving quality of life. It is a medical speciality focused on a wide range of interventions, including symptom management, communication, and psychosocial and spiritual support for patients. Patients undergoing highly qualified procedures, for whom causal treatment is not possible, should have the right to such care before death. However, according to medical practice and national legal regulations, it is not always possible to provide this care, despite the anticipated death. This article presents the legal and medical aspects of the end of life from the point of view of the European and Polish healthcare systems.
Legal and Ethical Issues of Discontinuing Futile Therapy in Children
Authors: Boratyńska Maria 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis article raises the issue of critical medical decisions made in the interest of small children. It seeks answers to the questions of whether there are any differences in this field’s attitude towards adults and what the criteria for life and death decisions should be for persons who are legally dependent and unable to declare their position. The concept of so-called parental autonomy in making treatment decisions for children and situations in which they may be limited by the assessment of doctors and by the supervisory function of the guardianship court. The overriding principle of the best interests of the child is compared with the British concept of best interest and is confronted with the newer concept of threat of serious harm, which is considered better at respecting privacy and giving parents more powers. The mechanism of conflict resolution between parents and doctors is shown through the example of court decisions in the cases of Charlotte Wyatt, also known in Poland, Charlie Gard and Alfie Evans, and then is transferred to the Polish example of Madzia Weakling. The considerations end with the conclusion that the best interests criterion is pragmatic and a non-principal development of the principle of the best interests of the child, within the context of protection against the unbearable suffering of living or dying in agony, which is also important.
‘Wrongful Life’: New Highlights in the Jurisprudence of the German Supreme Court
Authors: Bosek Leszek , Bałdyga Jan 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The prevailing view in international jurisprudence is that no one can claim compensation for the fact of being alive. This view was developed based on so-called ‘wrongful life’ cases, in which, due to medical malpractice, parents were deprived of the opportunity to perform a legally permitted abortion, resulting in the birth of a disabled or unwanted child. A new chapter in this category of claims was opened by the case under review. The German Supreme Court took up what, in view of the ageing of Western societies, is a very topical and socially difficult issue of a son’s claim for damages for keeping his father alive. The ruling concerns a special category of civil claims so far not commented on in Polish literature or jurisprudence – ‘wrongful survival’. The German Supreme Court rejected the possibility of claiming compensation under German law for prolonging human existence, even if it involved suffering. Much of the reasoning of the Court is also applicable under Polish law. However, depending on the interpretation of the norms concerning the patient’s right to self-determination, the possibility of partial compensation for the costs of unlawfully keeping someone alive also seems to be acceptable under Polish law.
The Thanatopedagogical Context of the Multidimensionality of Mourning
Authors: Binnebesel Józef , Formella Zbigniew , Katolyk Halyna 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Upbringing is one of the main elements of human activity, which prepares one for one’s future life, giving one an opportunity to gain experience and confront reality. Contemporary mainstream pedagogical literature omits the only element of human existence that must happen, i.e. death. This absence determines a number of problems of an ethical, intellectual, organizational and practical nature in pedagogical works and analyses. A certain answer to this silence in pedagogy is thanatopedagogy, emerging and developing in Poland, which, with its scope of considerations and practical activities, captures a wide spectrum of the experience of mourning. A thanatopedagogical approach to the subject of mourning allows us to look at it through spiritual and religious, biological and physical, medical, psychopedagogical, socio-cultural, legal and economic prisms. Such a broad interdisciplinary approach also allows us to look at mourning as an all-encompassing process of experiencing oneself as an individual as well as experiencing oneself as part of culture and society.
Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health Organization: The Epitaph for Roe v. Wade
Authors: Machaj Łukasz 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Since the Roe v. Wade decision was announced (1973), the question of abortion has constituted an important element of American constitutional discourse. This article analyses the most recent decision of the United States Supreme Court on this matter, i.e. Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health Organization, which rejected the thesis that the Constitution establishes the right to terminate pregnancy. It is possible to identify three fundamental points of the Court’s opinion. First, the Court allowed lawmakers to accept an ontological assumption that a foetus is a human being. Second, the decision was rooted in the doctrine of moderate originalism and in the concept of substantive due process, limited by historical factors. Third, the Supreme Court adopted a liberal interpretation of the stare decisis principle, consenting to the overturning of precedents even if they introduced new civil rights. The author contends that it is highly unlikely that the decision will constitute the last word of American jurisprudence on the question of abortion.
The Death Penalty and the Power of ‘Judicial Override’ in Alabama State Law
Authors: Kraśnicka Izabela 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
On 17 November 2022 in Alabama, the death penalty by poison injection was scheduled to be executed on Kenneth Smith. His case is a disturbing example of the use of judicial power (known as ‘judicial override’) in the state law of Alabama that allowed the judge, at the time of the verdict in 1996, to overturn the jury’s decision recommending the choice of life imprisonment without parole instead of the death penalty, and thus give a final death sentence. The article presented here first provides a general analysis of the provisions of the federal constitution, relevant case law and federal legislation on the death penalty, and then presents an overview of state solutions to the death penalty. The key parts of the text deal with the institution of ‘judicial override’: its genesis and practice in the state of Alabama, and the application of the relevant legislation to the Kenneth Smith case. It argues that mechanisms such as ‘judicial override’ and their consequences strengthen the narrative of those arguing against the death penalty in the social and political debate.
A középkori vaseszköz leletek keltezése
Authors: Müller Róbert 
Published: October 2023

AbsztraktBognár Katalin Boglárka dolgozta fel a Balatonőszöd-Temetői dűlőben előkerült, tíz darabból álló vaseszköz leletet. Szerintem azt nem a 13–14. században rejtették el, hanem a kora középkorban, feltehetően a 9. század folyamán. A középkori vaseszköz leletekről közölt térképét korrigálva bemutatom a Magyarország területén előkerült kora középkori, döntően 9. századi, az Árpád-kori – nagyrészt a tatárjáráshoz köthető – és a késő középkori, a török kor folyamán elásott vaseszköz leleteket.
The Role of Gestures in Communication
Authors: Kelmaganbetova Aiman , Mazhitayeva Shara , Ayazbayeva Bakhyt , Khamzina Gulbaram , Ramazanova Zhanar , Rahymberlina Sagila , Kadyrov Zhanbay 
Published: October 2023

Because it plays such a very significant role in the life of every human being, it is difficult to imagine a world without communication. After all, communication, both verbally and nonverbally, has occurred and evolved between people since the dawn of humankind. As it is, during communicative interaction, verbal contact is supplemented with non-verbal information, laying the foundation for full-fledged communication. That means that nonverbal communication is an essential aspect of speech communication because it can either greatly increase the semantic meaning of a word or significantly weaken it. Moreover, non-verbal means of communication are typically expressive and laconic and greatly increase the possibilities of communication between people. That being said, one of the most commonly used non-verbal communications is gestures. In communication, gestures accompany speech or replace it. Gestures include movement of the hands, face, or other body parts, and each person uses various motions in communication to convey his thoughts. The gestures we use in daily communication add to a language’s vocabulary and syntax. Furthermore, a gesture is more expressive than a unit of verbal language. With this in mind, this article discusses the various aspects of non-verbal communication and provides examples of typical gestures a person uses in everyday communication. This study consisted of 50 students ranging in age from 17 to 25 years old and aimed to reveal what types of gestures are used much more frequently by young people in everyday life.
Enamel surface roughness evaluation after debonding and residual resin removal using four different burs
Authors: Vanya Rapeti Madhu , Chirla Anil , Digumarthi Uday Kumar , Karri Tarakesh , Radhika Bommareddy , Manojna Sanapala 
Published: October 2023

: There is a risk of damaging the enamel surface and changing its original morphology during orthodontic bonding and debonding procedure. Research on better adhesive removal methods which can effectively remove the residual resin and restore it best, to its original form are continuing till now. Studies have shown that Stain buster bur creates a smooth enamel surface close to natural enamel when compared to other polishing systems. Recently a new bur called Adhesive Residual Removal bur was introduced by Dentarum company to achieve a smooth enamel finish after debonding. In this study I have compared the enamel surface roughness after debonding and polishing with 4 different polishing burs.The objective of this study is to compare and evaluate enamel surface roughness after debonding and evaluated using four different finishing and polishing systems.After debonding adhesive resin is removed from the buccal surface of 80 premolars. Based on the Bur used for polishing the tooth surface it is divided into four groups of 20 each. Group 1-Tungestine carbide system, Group 2-Enhance finishing and polishing system, Group 3-fiber reinforced stainbuster bur, and Group 4- adhesive residual remover bur. Quantitatively measurement was done with the help of surface roughness tester and qualitative measurement was done using scanning electron Microscope (SEM).Highest post-polishing roughness was observed in tungsten carbide bur (1.37 μm) followed by enhance pogo bur (1.05 μm), adhesive residual remover bur system (0.83 μm), and Stainbuster bur (0.72 μm) (p value &#60; 0.05).The smoothest enamel surface was produced by Stainbuster bur that was close to the natural enamel followed by Adhesive residual remover bur, Enhance system, and tungsten carbide bur.
A Comparative evaluation of stress distribution in bone and mini-implant during en-masse retraction of anterior teeth in maxilla using forces from anchorage units (mini-implants and molar hook) to both canine hook and arch wire hook. An FEM study
Authors: Younus A Abrar , Divya Sri M. , Navya P. , Sasidhar Y. N. , Sudheer Som , Aymen Uroosa 
Published: October 2023

The study aimed to compare and evaluate the stress that was distributed around mini-implant, molar hook and anterior dentition during its en-masse retraction from both canine hook and arch-wire hook. Four FEM models of maxilla were created to carry out en-masse retraction of the anterior teeth using forces from mini-implant and molar hook to both arch-wire hook and canine hook. The force of 200 grams was applied with Ni-Ti closed coil spring in all four models to carry out anterior teeth retraction. Stress distribution were then analyzed. The mini-implant group showed higher stresses on the implant when compared to the molar hook group. The molar hook groups showed more stress on the dentition than that of the mini-implant group. The models where the arch-wire hook used for retraction showed less stress values on the bone, teeth, dentition, PDL when compared with that of the canine hook.The arch-wire hook can be considered a better option than the canine hook. When forces were applied to the arch-wire hook lesser stresses were seen on bone, teeth, dentition, and PDL. The implant-supported group showed lesser stress values on teeth when compared with that of the molar hook group.
Características y contribuciones de las organizaciones civiles del VIH–SIDA en la ciudad de México
Authors: Hernández Baqueiro Alberto 
Published: October 2023

Este trabajo presenta los resultados de una encuesta realizada en el sector de las organizaciones dedicadas a la atención de la población afectada por el vih–sida en la ciudad de México. La investigación forma parte de un estudio más amplio sobre la ética, la cultura y la acción de dichas organizaciones. Aplicada entre febrero y agosto de 2006, la encuesta buscó obtener información de dos clases: a) personalidad jurídica, antigüedad y tamaño de la organización; y b) actividades y servicios ofrecidos. Los hallazgos describen las características de las organizaciones del sector: su tamaño, número de colaboradores, usuarios de los servicios, actividades que realizan, y las relaciones entre estas variables. Se demuestra que en este sector predominan las micro–organizaciones, la alta participación voluntaria femenina y masculina concentrada en las organizaciones más grandes, la orientación a la prevención y servicios periféricos, y que, en los últimos años, no ha habido renovación en cuanto al número de organizaciones. Al final, se propone una explicación de lo encontrado.
Democracia y transparencia en la aprobación presupuestaria mexicana
Authors: Sour Laura 
Published: October 2023

El objetivo principal de este estudio es llenar el vacío académico sobre el conocimiento a profundidad de los actores y determinantes en el proceso de la aprobación del presupuesto público en México. La pregunta de investigación se concentró en analizar el impacto de las variables partidistas y presupuestales durante la aprobación presupuestaria. De igual modo, se muestra con detalle la concentración de poder de agenda que la Comisión de Presupuesto y Cuenta Pública tiene durante la etapa de aprobación presupuestaria dentro de la Cámara de Diputados. Utilizando un análisis econométrico tipo panel se comprobó que la mayor apertura política generó incentivos para que los partidos aumentaran su activismo legislativo, y acabaran así con el reino del dictador presupuestario en México, a pesar de que el marco constitucional no ha cambiado.
Partidos políticos: un ejercicio de clasificación teórica
Authors: Martínez López Víctor Hugo 
Published: October 2023

Es fama que Moisei Ostrogorski escribió en 1902 el primer libro sobre los partidos modernos. Para él, los partidos han sido exitosos en asegurarse el trabajo de la maquinaria gubernamental, pero han "fracasado miserablemente" en respaldar el poder de los ciudadanos (1964: 539). Los partidos, pensó Ostrogorski, deben desaparecer. Pero los partidos continúan vivos y, de entonces a la fecha, inspiran una gran literatura. Este artículo analiza esa literatura internacional (definición, historia, crisis y postcrisis de los partidos). El producto es un ensayo de clasificación teórica útil para estudiantes y especialistas.
Effect of organosilicon adsorbent on the content of mobile forms of heavy metals and growth of test-crop under conditions of soil contamination with lead and copper
Authors: Skurikhina P. D. 
Published: October 2023

The pollution of soil by heavy metals becomes a prime ecological problem. Recultivation of polluted soil objects is usually made by means of different types of sorbents. So, in this connection the search for the most effective and multifunctional sorbing agent is relevant. The model experiment of soil pollution by several heavy metals in upper soil horizon was carried out. The soil for that research was Grey-Luvic Phaeozems. Lead (Pb2+) and copper (Cu2+) were chosen as pollutants. Solutions of lead acetate (Pb(CH₃COO)₂·3H2O) and copper sulphate (CuSO₄·7Н2O) of three different concentrations (1 MPC, 5 MPC, 10 MPC) were used as pollutants. Solutions of organosilicon adsorbent – 1,1,3,3,3-tetrahydroxy-1,3-dimethyldisiloxane polyhydrate (PMSPG) were also applied in three different variants: 0.01%; 0.1%; 1%. The mobile forms of heavy metals were researched by method of atomic absorption spectrometry. The mobile forms of heavy metals were extracted by the ammonium acetate buffer (pH = 4.8). According to results, the application of organosilicon sorbent had a positive issue. Application of adsorbent significantly reduced the concentrations of mobile heavy metal compounds. The application of PMSPG solution with concentration of 1% was the most effective. A vegetation experiment was carried out. Cress (Lepidium sativum L.) of “Zabava” variety was used as a test-crop. Favourable changes in the growth of cress with the use of adsorbent at the concentration of 1% compared to the control variants were revealed.
Assessment of the barrier function of Chernozem and Luvisol under their experimental contamination by copper ions
Authors: Iovcheva A. D. , Semenkov I. N. 
Published: October 2023

The aim of the work was to assess the ecological resistance of topsoils of Chernozem and Luvisol to modeled copper contamination. To determine the sorption capacity of soils and to obtain the required levels of contamination the experiment was carried out. Soils were contaminated by the Cu acetate solutions with concentrations from 20 to 200 mg/L, which corresponds to the input of 20–2 000 mg/kg of Cu. Approximation of Cu adsorption isotherms by the Langmuir equation was statistically significant. The obtained values of maximum adsorption (Cmax) and Langmuir constant (KL) for Chernozem were higher than for Luvisol. This indicates a higher adsorption capacity and stronger retention of adsorbed Cu in Chernozem compared with Luvisol. This fact can be explained by the higher content and composition of organic matter, the heavier texture and the neutral pH value of Chernozem. By the method of sequential selective extractions, it was found that in uncontaminated soils, more than 50% of Cu is strongly bounded to silicate fraction (>50%). Assessment of Cu fractionation at different levels of contamination reveals a slight increase in the percentage of Cu bioavailable forms (exchangeable and acid-soluble) in Chernozem at 200 mg/kg and its significant increase in Luvisol at 200 mg/kg. At contamination of about 2 000 mg/kg Cu, both soils are characterised by a predominance of pools of bioavailable and bound to (hydr)oxide of Fe and Mn forms. The mobility factor does not exceed 10% for Chernozem and 25% for Luvisol in the native and contaminated by 200 mg/kg soils, which indicates low and medium bioavailability of Cu in them, respectively. Contamination by 2 000 mg/kg of Cu increased the mobility factor up to 25% in Chernozem and up to 40% in Luvisol, which means the medium and high risk of Cu migration into the adjacent environments.