bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Best Practices in Providing Nontraditional Students With Both Academic and Financial Support
Authors: Hart Natalia K. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractEfforts begun at Ohio State to address the interspections of finance and academics benefit all students, but especially nontraditional students with complex life circumstances. These efforts have centered on keeping students out of the financial aid office and in the classroom, and on designing programs and services that address financial and academic concerns in an integrated way.
Swirling and Double‐Dipping: New Patterns of Student Attendance and Their Implications for Higher Education
Authors: McCormick Alexander C. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractIt is increasingly common for students to attend multiple institutions, and this involves more than transfer between institutions. Although sophisticated bureaucratic mechanisms for dealing with course‐taking at other institutions have been developed, there is an urgent need to understand its educational implications and to develop ways to enhance educational coherence.
Beyond Access: Persistence Challenges and the Diversity of Low‐Income Students
Authors: Corrigan Melanie E. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractPublic policy often emphasizes access to higher education, but low‐income students face more difficult challenges on the path to degree attainment. Adult low‐income students have different obligations and goals than their younger counterparts. Institutional leaders and policymakers can encourage persistence among low‐income students with flexible policies that accommodate new enrollment patterns, diverse family structures, and differing educational and economic goals.
Threats to the estimation of benefit: are preference elicitation methods accurate?
Authors: Lloyd Andrew J 
Published: April 2003

AbstractStated preference methods are used to estimate the value that people place on health care. The data that emerges from these studies is used to guide health policy. However, relatively little is known about how individuals make decisions in a preference elicitation task. Two methods (willingness to pay and conjoint analysis) are considered within the context of the literature from psychology (and also environmental economics) regarding how people construct preferences, process information, and make decisions. There is substantial evidence that individuals employ heuristics (cognitive shortcuts) in order to simplify tasks they are presented with. The use of heuristics implies that people ignore much of the information they are presented with and make decisions which would not be considered rational in the economic sense. These stated preference methods assume that individuals trade between the different attributes of a good or service when making decisions – an assumption that other theories predict is wrong. The implications of this are discussed. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fast Feldkamp reconstruction based on focus of attention and distributed computing
Authors: Gregor J. , Gleason S. S. , Paulus M. J. , Cates J. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractThe Feldkamp algorithm is widely accepted as a practical conebeam reconstruction method for three‐dimensional x‐ray computed tomography. We introduce focus of attention, an effective and simple to implement datadriven preprocessing scheme, for identifying a convex subset of voxels that include all those relevant to the object under study. By concentrating on this subset of voxels during reconstruction, we reduce the computational demands of the Feldkamp algorithm correspondingly. To achieve further speed‐up, all computations are distributed across a cluster of inexpensive, dual‐processor PCs. We present experimental work based on mouse data obtained from the MicroCAT which is a high‐resolution x‐ray computed tomography system for small animal imaging. This work shows that focus of attention can cut the overall computation time in half without affecting the image quality. The method is general by nature and can easily be adapted to apply to other geometries and modalities as well as to iterative reconstruction algorithms. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 12, 229–234, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ima.10027
An automatic focusing algorithm
Authors: Lin Sheng‐Fuu , Lin You‐Tasi , Su Chien‐Kun 
Published: April 2003

AbstractA simple and effective automatic focusing algorithm is proposed in this article. The principle of the proposed automatic focusing algorithm is based on that, for the radial test pattern, a best‐focused image should have the smallest blurred region in the middle of the acquired image, and hence, should have the smallest equivalent radius. The circular Hough transform has became a common method in numerous image‐processing applications for circle detection. Various modifications to the basic circular Hough transform have been suggested, such as: the inclusion of edge orientation, simultaneous consideration of a range of circle radii, the use of a complex accumulator array with the phase proportional to the log of the radius, or for filter operations. The purpose of this work is to show that a radius of a circular region extracted by a normalized circular Hough transform is a possible solution for determining the sharpness of images. To acquire high quality images with a given CCD camera, it is crucial that the camera be located exactly at the back length of the lens, i.e., the focus position of the lens. In the best conditions, the contours of the acquired images are of the sharpest, with none of the blurring effects associated with unfocused images. Acquiring such high quality images by these means is the main goal of the automatic focusing algorithm proposed in this article. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 12, 235–238, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ima.10029
A novel blind super‐resolution technique based on the improved Poisson maximuma posteriorialgorithm
Authors: Pan Min‐Cheng 
Published: April 2003

AbstractImage restoration has received considerable attention. In many practical situations, unfortunately, the blur is often unknown, and little information is available about the true image. Therefore, the true image is identified directly from the corrupted image by using partial or no information about the blurring process and the true image. In addition, noise will be amplified to induce severely ringing artifacts in the process of restoration. This article proposes a novel technique for the blind super‐resolution, whose mechanism alternates between de‐convolution of the image and the point spread function based on the improved Poisson maximuma posteriorisuper‐resolution algorithm. This improved Poisson MAP super‐resolution algorithm incorporates the functional form of a Wiener filter into the Poisson MAP algorithm operating on the edge image further to reduce noise effects and speed restoration. Compared with that based on the Poisson MAP, the novel blind super‐resolution technique presents experimental results from 1‐D signals and 2‐D images corrupted by Gaussian point spread functions and additive noise with significant improvements in quality. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 12, 239–246, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ima.10032
Pyramid‐based super‐resolution of the undersampled and subpixel shifted image sequence
Authors: Lu Yao , Imamura Minoru 
Published: April 2003

AbstractThe existing methods for the reconstruction of a super‐resolution image from the undersampled and subpixel shifted image sequence have to solve a large ill‐condition equation group by approximately finding the inverse matrix or performing many iterations to approach the solution. The former leads to a big burden of computation, and the latter causes the artifacts or noise to be overstressed. So they are rarely implemented in practical use. In order to solve these problems, in this article, we consider applying pyramid structure to the super‐resolution of the image sequence and present a suitable pyramid framework, called Super‐Resolution Image Pyramid (SRIP), and determine the pyramid back‐projection. Pyramid structure and methods are widely used in image processing and computer vision. But we have not found their applications to the super‐resolution in literatures. We give a complete description for SRIP. As an example, the Iterative Back‐Projection (IBP) suggested by Peleg (1991, 1993) is integrated in this pyramid framework. The experiments and the error analysis are performed to show the effectiveness of this framework. The image resolution can be improved better even in the case of severely undersampled images. In addition, the other general super‐resolution methods can be easily integrated in this framework so that they can be done in parallel so as to meet the need of real‐time processing. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol 12, 254–263, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ima.10033
Neural network‐based image restoration using scaled residual with space‐variant regularization
Authors: Salari E. , Zhang S. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractImage restoration is aimed to recover the original scene from its degraded version. This paper presents a new method for image restoration. In this technique, an evaluation function which combines a scaled residual with space‐variant regularization is established and minimized using a Hopfield network to obtain a restored image from a noise corrupted and blurred image. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed evaluation function leads to a more efficient restoration process which offers a fast convergence and improved restored image quality. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol 12, 247–253, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ima.10034
Brackish water subirrigation for vegetables
Authors: Patel R. M. , Prasher S. O. , Goel P. K. , Madramootoo C. A. , Broughton R. S. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractAs freshwater resources for irrigation are being depleted rapidly, recent emphasis has been on the development of nonconventional water sources: reuse of agricultural drainage water, use of industrial or municipal wastewater, and use of brackish water for irrigation. Experiments conducted in field lysimeters over three seasons sought to investigate the feasibility of using brackish water for growing moderately sensitive crops. Brackish waters, with salinity levels of 1, 5 and 9 dS m−1, were used. In 1993 the effects of a factorial combination of three subirrigation water salinity levels, two water table depths and four NPK fertilizer combinations on salt buildup in an initially nonsaline soil and on green pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) performance were assessed. A gradual increase in soil solution salinity (ECsw) from the water table to the soil surface was evident; however, throughout the growing season, the ECsw did not reach a level that could seriously damage the crop. There was no significant difference in pepper yields due to either salinity of subirrigation water or water table depth. In 1994, two potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cultivars were grown in the soil, which was salinized with 3.5 dS m−1 water before planting tubers. The salt buildup pattern was similar to that observed in 1993; however, the ECsw levels were higher in 1994 due to the higher initial soil salinity. Moreover, a decrease in ECsw was observed near the water table in lysimeters subirrigated with 1 dS m−1 water. For both cultivars, no significant difference in tuber yield was observed due to either water table depth or subirrigation water salinity. In 1995, three potato cultivars were grown in a nonsaline soil as well as a soil presalinized with 2 dS m−1 water. In the topsoil layer, higher rate of increase in ECsw was observed in the saline soil compared to the nonsaline soil. No significant difference in total tuber yield was observed due to either the initial soil salinity levels or subirrigation water salinity levels. Brackish water with salinity levels of up to 9 dS m−1, when applied through subirrigation, could be used to successfully produce green peppers and potatoes under semiarid to arid conditions. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The role of controlled drainage under drought conditions in an irrigated area in NWFP, Pakistan
Authors: Daraz Khan Gul , Latif Muhammad , Hassan Sibtul 
Published: April 2003

AbstractThe River Swat is the source of irrigation for the entire irrigation system of Mardan, Nowshera and Charsadda districts. Reductions of water and overdrainage have influenced the yield of major crops. The impact of reduced supply at the inlet from the source, drought conditions and overdrainage from the area have lowered the groundwater to a disastrous level. Thus the present groundwater level cannot contribute to the crops. A subsurface collector at its exit in drainage unit 106 was controlled to raise the watertable. The study area was divided into 10 zones. Each zone was separately assessed to analyze the groundwater impact in response to the controlled technique adopted for mitigating drought in different strategies of the canal operation. The interaction of groundwater level with irrigation depth, crop yield, water use efficiency and water saving were also studied. During the rotational period of the canal, irrigations applied in section II raised the water level by nearly 1 m. The upslope area of section III also needed a large irrigation depth. The groundwater level on the downslopes of the lateral drains in sections I and V was at the design depth of 1.1 m during the rotational strategy, while it decreased only slightly on the upslopes of the lateral drains for the same positions. Because of effective control by the collector, the watertable on the downslopes of the laterals in sections II and III was affected less while in the respective upslope area of section III it dropped more than 2 m. The water levels in section IV (both in the upslope and downslope areas along the laterals) remained very close to the design level. A significant contribution of seepage in the upslope of the collector drain considerably reduced the irrigation depths. During the canal closure period, the watertables in the study area dropped to the limit from 2.3 to 3.25 m. After the reopening of the canal, the watertables in sections II, III and IV were raised from 2.55 to 0.70 m. During this period the water levels near the canal reached the design level. The maximum yield of 6.5 tons ha−1 on the downslopes of the lateral drains in section II was obtained, resulting in maximum water use efficiency of 0.93 kg m−3. However, the minimum yield of 3.5 tons ha−1 on the upslopes of the lateral drains in section I was obtained, resulting in the lowest water use efficiency of 0.35 kg m−3 near the deep surface drain (5 m). The impact of controlled subsurface drainage in zones 2, 3 and 7 resulted in the best maintenance of optimum groundwater level and moisture content. Therefore large amounts of extra irrigation water applied (ranging from 23 to 129% of that actually required) in different zones of the controlled area can be saved for drought conditions. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Critical role of the transcription factor AP‐1 for the constitutive and interferon‐induced expression of IFI 16
Authors: Clarke C.J.P. , Apostolidis V. , Hii L.L.P. , Gough D.J. , Trapani J.A. , Johnstone R.W. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractIFI 16 is a member of the HIN‐200 family of transcriptional regulators that suppress cell growth, modulate the cell cycle and have been linked to cellular differentiation. We hypothesized that the activity of IFI 16 depends on its level of expression and therefore studied the transcriptional activity of the IFI 16 promoter. A discrete sequence within the 5′ untranslated region was required for constitutive activity of the promoter and the functional motif within this region was shown to be a consensus AP‐1 site. Interestingly, this AP‐1 site was also critical for IFN‐induced activation of the promoter and consistent with these observations, treatment of cells with IFNγ resulted in a rapid and robust induction of AP‐1 activity that preceded expression of IFI 16. These experiments define the transcriptional mechanisms of IFI 16 gene regulation and provide evidence suggesting that AP‐1 activation may be an important event in IFN signaling. J. Cell. Biochem. 89: 80–93, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effects of mobile phone radiation on reproduction and development in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Weisbrot David , Lin Hana , Ye Lin , Blank Martin , Goodman Reba 
Published: April 2003

AbstractIn this report we examined the effects of a discontinuous radio frequency (RF) signal produced by a GSM multiband mobile phone (900/1,900 MHz; SAR ∼ 1.4 W/kg) on Drosophila melanogaster, during the 10‐day developmental period from egg laying through pupation. As found earlier with low frequency exposures, the non‐thermal radiation from the GSM mobile phone increased numbers of offspring, elevated hsp70 levels, increased serum response element (SRE) DNA‐binding and induced the phosphorylation of the nuclear transcription factor, ELK‐1. The rapid induction of hsp70 within minutes, by a non‐thermal stress, together with identified components of signal transduction pathways, provide sensitive and reliable biomarkers that could serve as the basis for realistic mobile phone safety guidelines. J. Cell. Biochem. 89: 48–55, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Molecular cloning of the cell surface antigen identified by the osteoprogenitor‐specific monoclonal antibody, HOP‐26
Authors: Zannettino Andrew C.W. , Harrison Kate , Joyner Clive J. , Triffitt James T. , Simmons Paul J. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractBone is a highly organized structure comprising a calcified connective tissue matrix formed by mature osteoblasts, which develop from the proliferation and differentiation of osteoprogenitor cells. The osteogenic cell lineage is thought to arise from a population of uncommitted multipotential stromal precursor cells (SPC) which reside close to all bone surfaces, in the bone marrow spaces and the surrounding connective tissue. These SPC also give rise to related cell lineages which form cartilage, smooth muscle, fat, and fibrous tissue. Due to the lack of well defined cell surface markers, little is known of the precise developmentally regulated changes in phenotype which occur during the differentiation and maturation of human osteoprogenitor cells into functional osteoblasts and ultimately, terminally differentiated osteocytes. In order to identify antibody reagents with greater specificity for osteoprogenitors we generated a series of antibodies following immunization with freshly isolated human bone marrow stromal fibroblasts. One such antibody, HOP‐26, reacts with a cell surface antigen expressed by SPC and developing bone cells. We now demonstrate that this mAb identifies a member of the tetraspan family of cell surface glycoproteins, namely CD63. Western blot analysis of human bone marrow stromal cells (HBMSC) has revealed that like a well defined CD63 mAb 12F12, HOP‐26 interacts with a heavily glycosylated cell surface protein with an apparent molecular weight of 50–60 kD. J. Cell. Biochem. 89: 56–66, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Proteins that mediate the nuclear entry of the goat uterine estrogen receptor activation factor (E‐RAF): Identification of a molecular basis for the inhibitory effect of progesterone on estrogen action
Authors: Govind Anitha P. , Sreeja S. , Thampan Raghava Varman 
Published: April 2003

AbstractA 66 kDa transport protein, tp66, has been identified as the protein that mediates the nuclear transport of the estrogen receptor activation factor (E‐RAF). Indirect evidence shows that tp66 influences the transport of E‐RAF mainly by recognizing the nuclear localization signals (NLS) on the latter. A 38 kDa nuclear pore complex protein (npcp38) has been identified to which tp66–E‐RAF complex gets ‘docked’ prior to the nuclear entry of E‐RAF. Progesterone binding to E‐RAF serves to dissociate E‐RAF from the tp66 thereby inhibiting the nuclear entry of E‐RAF. The demonstration of the high affinity progesterone binding property of E‐RAF adds credibility to the above findings. A change in conformation of E‐RAF being brought about by progesterone binding is evident from the results of the circular dichroism (CD) analysis. This appears to be the fundamental reason behind the dissociation of the tp66–E‐RAF complex under progesterone influence and provides a molecular basis for the estrogen ‘antagonistic’ action of progesterone. A nuclear run‐on transcription assay clearly demonstrates the transcription‐activation function of E‐RAF II, also reaffirming the functional role of tp66 in the nuclear entry of E‐RAF. J. Cell. Biochem. 89: 108–119, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Estradiol dependent anchoring of the goat uterine estrogen receptor activation factor (E‐RAF) at the endoplasmic reticulum by a 55 kDa anchor protein (ap55)
Authors: Govind Anitha P. , Sreeja S. , Thampan Raghava Varman 
Published: April 2003

AbstractThe primary intracellular site of localization of the estrogen receptor activation factor (E‐RAF) is shown here to be the endoplasmic reticulum where the protein remains anchored through an estrogen dependent mechanism. The retention of E‐RAF by the endoplasmic reticulum is facilitated by two proteins: (1) a 55 kDa anchor protein (ap55) which is an integral membrane protein of the endoplasmic reticulum. ap55 is a high affinity estrogen binding protein. A conformational change induced by estrogen binding is thought to favor the anchoring process. (2) The anchoring of E‐RAF by ap55 is mediated by yet another protein. This is the 66 kDa transport protein (tp66) which recognizes ap55 on the one hand and E‐RAF on the other. The presence of estradiol that saturates the hormone binding sites on ap55 appears to favor the anchoring of tp66–E‐RAF complex to ap55. This interaction appears to be weakened by levels of estradiol below 7 nM concentration leading to the dissociation of the tp66–E‐RAF complex from ap55. The tp66—E‐RAF complex moves towards the nucleus. J. Cell. Biochem. 89: 94–107, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.