bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Second primary tumors and field cancerization in oral and oropharyngeal cancer: Molecular techniques provide new insights and definitions
Authors: Braakhuis Boudewijn J.M. , Tabor Maarten P. , René Leemans C. , van der Waal Isaac , Snow Gordon B. , Brakenhoff Ruud H. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractSecond primary tumors (SPTs) are a significant problem in treating oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma and have a negative impact on survival. In most studies the definition of SPT is based on the criteria of Warren and Gates, published in 1932. These criteria, however, are ill‐defined and lead to confusion. Recent molecular studies have shown that a tumor can be surrounded by a mucosal field consisting of genetically altered cells. Furthermore, evidence has been provided that SPTs (defined by classical criteria) can share some or even all genetic markers with the index tumor, indicating that both tumors have arisen from a common cell clone. We propose that these secondary neoplastic lesions should not be considered SPTs, implying that the present concept of SPT needs revision. This review describes a novel classification of the secondary tumors that develop after treatment of a carcinoma in the oral cavity or oropharynx. On the basis of the molecular analysis of the tumors and the genetically altered mucosal field in between, we propose definitions for a “true SPT,” a local recurrence, a “SFT” (second field tumor derived from the same genetically altered mucosal field as the primary tumor), and a metastasis. Considering the etiologic differences of these lesions, we believe that an accurate molecular definition is essential to make headway with the clinical management of oral and oropharyngeal cancer. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Postauricular sebaceous carcinoma arising in association with nevus sebaceus
Authors: Rinaggio Joseph , Stan McGuff H. , Otto Randal , Hickson Charlene 
Published: October 2004

AbstractBackgroundSebaceous carcinoma is an uncommon malignant neoplasm usually associated with the ocular adnexa. Despite the widespread anatomic distribution of sebaceous glands, extraocular sebaceous carcinoma occurs with far less frequency.MethodsA 27‐year‐old man was examined with the presenting complaint of a slowly enlarging subcutaneous mass. It was associated with an overlying, irregular, verrucoid epidermal plaque.ResultsHistologic and electron microscopic examination of the mass revealed a malignant sebaceous neoplasm occurring in conjunction with an overlying nevus sebaceus. The dermal neoplasm contained numerous cytoplasmic and stromal hyaline globules.ConclusionsWe report a case of extraocular sebaceous carcinoma arising in the postauricular region in association with a nevus sebaceus and exhibiting the unusual histologic feature of hyaline globules. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Behavioral analysis of CREB αΔ mutation on a B6/129 F1 hybrid background
Authors: Graves L. , Dalvi A. , Lucki I. , Blendy J.A. , Abel T. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThe cyclic AMP (cAMP)‐response element binding protein (CREB) is an activity‐dependent transcription factor that plays a role in synaptic plasticity and memory storage in Aplysia, Drosophila, and rodents. Mice with targeted deletions of two CREB isoforms (α and Δ; CREB αΔ mice) have been characterized on a mixed genetic background of C57BL/6 (B6) and 129/SvEv (129), as well as on a defined F1 hybrid of B6 and FVB/N, and these results suggest that the phenotype of CREB αΔ mice depends critically on genetic background. In an examination of the hypothesis that the role of CREB in learning and memory can be influenced by strain differences, we analyzed mice with the CREB αΔ mutation on an F1 hybrid background of B6 and 129 strains. CREB αΔ mice on this background had impaired short‐term and long‐term cued and contextual fear conditioning and normal spatial learning in the Morris water maze. Our results suggest that at least some aspects of hippocampal function are normal in CREB αΔ mice, and that CREB αΔ mice on the B6/129 F1 background have alterations in amygdala function. These studies underscore the importance of controlling for genetic background in the behavioral analysis of knockout and transgenic mice. Hippocampus 2002;12:18–26. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Aniracetam improves contextual fear conditioning and increases hippocampal γ‐PKC activation in DBA/2J mice
Authors: Smith Amy M. , Wehner Jeanne M. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractDBA/2J (D2) mice display poor contextual learning and have less membrane‐bound hippocampal protein kinase C (PKC) compared with C57BL/6 (B6) mice. Aniracetam and oxiracetam were previously shown to improve contextual learning in D2 mice and increase PKC activity. This study investigated a possible mechanism for learning enhancement by examining the effects of aniracetam on contextual fear conditioning and activation of the γ isoform of PKC (γ‐PKC) in male D2 mice. In comparison to animals treated with vehicle only (10% 2‐hydroxypropyl‐β‐cyclodextrin), mice treated with aniracetam (100 mg/kg) 30 min prior to fear conditioning training demonstrated significantly improved contextual learning when tested 30 min and 24 h after training. This corresponded with a significant increase in activated, membrane‐bound hippocampal γ‐PKC 30 min after training. No increase in learning or γ‐PKC was found 5 min after training. These results suggest an altered time course of activation of γ‐PKC in response to treatment with aniracetam, which improves learning in D2 mice. Hippocampus 2002;12:76–85. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Insights into immediate‐early gene function in hippocampal memory consolidation using antisense oligonucleotide and fluorescent imaging approaches
Authors: Guzowski John F. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractIn the 14 years since it was discovered that specific genes could be dynamically regulated in the brain by neural activity, there has been a substantial research focus attempting to understand the role immediate‐early genes (IEGs) play in various brain functions. This article examines the involvement of IEGs in hippocampal synaptic plasticity and in memory consolidation processes performed by the hippocampus. Studies employing conventional IEG detection methodologies and a novel gene‐imaging approach that provides temporal and cellular resolution (cellularcompartmentanalysis oftemporal activity byfluorescenceinsituhybridization or catFISH) provide evidence supporting the assertion that IEG expression reflects the integration of information processed by hippocampal neurons. However, IEG expression is not merely correlated with neural activity, but also plays a pivotal role in stabilizing recent changes in synaptic efficacy. As such, localized disruption of IEGsArcor c‐fosby intrahippocampal administration of antisense oligonucleotides or germline disruption of the IEGs c‐fos, tissue plasminogen activator, orzif268impairs consolidation of long‐term memory formation, without affecting learning or short‐term memory. Further investigation into the expression and function of IEGs using catFISH and antisense approaches will likely increase understanding of the molecular and cellular bases of information processing involving the hippocampus. Hippocampus 2002;12:86–104. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Differences in Promotion Stress across Career Stage and Orientation
Authors: Carlson Dawn S. , Rotondo Denise M. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractPromotion stress is the experienced feelings of anxiety, concern, or tension with one's career reality in terms of the level one has reached in the organization. This study considers how promotion stress may differ depending on an individual's internal career orientation (balance, high, free, ahead, secure) as well as an individual's external, professional career stage (apprentice, colleague, mentor, sponsor). The results suggest no clear pattern of differences based on internal career orientation; however, there is a clear pattern with regard to external career stage such that as an individual progresses in his/her professional career, promotion stress decreases. Implications for research and practice are discussed. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Maternal personality as a moderator of relations between difficult infant temperament and attachment security in low‐income families
Authors: Ispa Jean M. , Fine Mark A. , Thornburg Kathy R. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThe primary purpose of the current study was to determine whether maternal proneness‐to‐stress (stress reactivity and alienation) moderates the relation between infant difficult temperament and attachment security in a sample of 82 inner‐city, low‐income, primarily single and African American young mothers. The mothers completed adult personality and infant temperament questionnaires when their infants were approximately 10 months old. Attachment was measured when the infants were approximately a year old. Infant temperamental difficultness and maternal stress reactivity were inversely related to infant attachment security. Maternal alienation was unrelated to infant attachment security. Maternal stress reactivity and alienation moderated the link between infant fearfulness and attachment, but not the link between infant distress to limitations and attachment. Contrary to expectations, negative relations between infant fearfulness and attachment emerged only when mothers were low in stress reactivity or low or medium in alienation. ©2002 Michigan Association for Infant Mental Health.
Dynamic mechanical characterization of biodegradable composites of hydroxyapatite and polylactides
Authors: Nazhat S. N. , Kellomäki M. , Törmälä P. , Tanner K. E. , Bonfield W. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThe thermo‐mechanical analysis of some novel, totally bioactive, three‐component composite systems intended for the repair and augmentation of bone has been performed. The composites are composed of hydroxyapatite (HA), particulate reinforced biodegradable polylactic acid (PDLLA), with a second reinforcing phase of semi‐crystalline, unidirectional fibers of polylactic acid (PLLA) homopolymer. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) applied small‐strain cyclic deformations to simulate physiological loading. The effect of the two fillers on the glass transition temperature of the matrix (Tg‐PDLLA) and on the viscoelastic parameters, storage modulus (EI), and tan δ were analyzed. Thermal characterization with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was compared to the DMA data. It was established that the addition of HA and/or PLLA fibers increased EI, both below and above Tg‐PDLLA. The combination of both reinforcing agents was the most effective. The damping was reduced with the addition of HA alone and in combination with PLLA fibers. Tg‐PDLLA was increased by the addition of HA, PLLA fibers, and the combination of the two reinforcing agents. The magnitude of the increase in Tg‐PDLLA was similar for both types of reinforcement. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res (Appl Biomater) 58: 335–343, 2001
Chitosan‐alginate films prepared with chitosans of different molecular weights
Authors: Yan Xiao‐Liang , Khor Eugene , Lim Lee‐Yong 
Published: October 2004

AbstractChitosan‐alginate polyelectrolyte complex (CS‐AL PEC) is water insoluble and more effective in limiting the release of encapsulated materials compared to chitosan or alginate. Coherent CS‐AL PEC films have been prepared in our laboratory by casting and drying suspensions of chitosan‐alginate coacervates. The objective of this study was to evaluate the properties of the CS‐AL PEC films prepared with chitosans of different molecular weights. Films prepared with low‐molecular‐weight chitosan (Mv 1.30 × 105) were twice as thin and transparent, as well as 55% less permeable to water vapor, compared to films prepared with high‐molecular‐weight chitosan (Mv 10.0 × 105). It may be inferred that the low‐molecular‐weight chitosan reacted more completely with the sodium alginate (Mv 1.04 × 105) than chitosan of higher molecular weight. A threshold molecular weight may be required, because chitosans of Mv 10.0 × 105 and 5.33 × 105 yielded films with similar physical properties. The PEC films exhibited different surface properties from the parent films, and contained a higher degree of chain alignment with the possible formation of new crystal types. The PEC films exhibited good in vitro biocompatibility with mouse and human fibroblasts, suggesting that they can be further explored for biomedical applications. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res (Appl Biomater) 58: 358–365, 2001
Micromechanics of the dentin/adhesive interface
Authors: Katz J. Lawrence , Bumrerraj Sauwanan , Dreyfuss Joseph , Wang Yong , Spencer Paulette 
Published: October 2004

AbstractScanning acoustic microscopy (SAM) was used in the burst mode at 400 MHz, nominal lateral resolution 2.5 μm, to study the micromechanical properties of the dentin/adhesive interface. Corresponding specimens from the same tooth were investigated using μ Raman spectroscopy, light microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy.1, 2 The elastic moduli of the components of the dentin/adhesive interface were determined by comparing the recorded acoustic impedance values to a calibration curve generated on standard materials. The standard materials, which include polypropylene, Teflon, PMMA, pyrex glass, aluminum, titanium, and stainless steel, provide the appropriate range of acoustic impedance values. The elastic moduli of the components of the dentin/adhesive interface are: partially demineralized dentin, 13 Gpa; mineralized dentin, 28 GPa; adhesive, 5.0 GPa; and unprotected protein at the interface < 2.0 GPa. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res (Appl Biomater) 58: 366–371, 2001
Osteoprotegerin inhibits in vitro mouse osteoclast formation induced by joint fluid from failed total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Kim Kang Jung , Kotake Shigeru , Udagawa Nobuyuki , Ida Hideo , Ishii Masaji , Takei Isao , Kubo Toshikazu , Takagi Michiaki 
Published: October 2004

AbstractOsteoprotegerin (OPG) is a key regulator of osteoclastogenesis. We investigated the presence of OPG and bone‐resorbing cytokines, the potential of osteoclastic differentiation in joint fluid from failed total hip arthroplasty (THA), and the inhibitory effect of OPG on osteoclast formation in vitro induced by the joint fluid. The study was aimed to clarify one important step in the cascade of periprosthetic osteolysis in the process of implant loosening. OPG levels in failed THA joint fluid of 20 cases were significantly lower than osteoarthritis (OA) joint fluid of 15 cases (p < 0.001). The levels of bone‐resorbing cytokines, interleukin (IL)‐1β, and IL‐6 were significantly higher in failed THA joint fluid than OA fluid (p < 0.001 and p = 0.001, respectively). Marked osteoclast formation was observed in the presence of failed THA joint fluid in the mouse coculture system, when compared to OA fluid (p < 0.001). The addition of 100 ng/mL OPG to the mouse coculture system completely inhibited osteoclast formation in the presence of failed THA joint fluid (p < 0.001). The data suggest that low levels of OPG combined with higher IL‐1β and IL‐6 levels represent the potential of osteoclast differentiation and its activation in failed THA joint fluid. Inhibition of osteoclastogenesis in vitro by OPG suggests that a low level of OPG with elevated bone resorbing cytokines contributes to periprosthetic osteolysis via osteolytic joint fluid, thus leading to THA prosthesis loosening.© 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res (Appl Biomater) 58: 393–400, 2001
Quantitative evaluation of the prosthetic head damage induced by microscopic third‐body particles in total hip replacement
Authors: Raimondi Manuela Teresa , Vena Pasquale , Pietrabissa Riccardo 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThe increase of the femoral head roughness in artificial hip joints is strongly influenced by the presence of abrasive particulate entrapped between the articulating surfaces. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the dependence of such damage on the geometry of the particles entrapped in the joint, with reference to the UHMWPE/chrome‐cobalt coupling. Five chrome‐cobalt femoral heads and their coupled UHMWPE acetabular cups, retrieved at revision surgery after a short period of in situ functioning, have been investigated for the occurrence of third‐body damage. This was found on all the prosthetic heads, where the peak‐to‐valley height of the scratches, as derived from profilometry evaluations, ranged from 0.3–1.3 μm. The observed damage has been divided into four classes, related to the particle motion while being embedded into the polymer. Two kinds of particle morphology have been studied, spherical and prismatic, with size ranging from 5–50 μm. In order to provide an estimation of the damage induced by such particles, a finite element model of the third‐body interaction was set up. The peak‐to‐valley height of the impression due to the particle indentation on the chrome‐cobalt surface is assumed as an index of the induced damage. The calculated values range from 0.1–0.5 μm for spherical particles of size ranging from 10–40 μm. In the case of prismatic particles, the peak‐to‐valley height can reach 1.3 μm and depends both on the size and width of the particle's free corner, indenting the chrome‐cobalt. As an example, a sharp‐edged particle of size 30 μm can induce on the chrome‐cobalt an impression with peak‐to‐valley height of 0.75 μm, when embedded into the polyethylene with a free edge of 5 μm facing the metallic surface. Negligible damage is induced, if a free edge of 7.5 μm is indenting the counterface. Our findings offer new support to the hypothesis that microscopic third‐body particles are capable of causing increased roughening of the femoral head and provide a quantitative evaluation of the phenomenon. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res (Appl Biomater) 58: 436–448, 2001
Suppressive effects of interleukin‐4 and interleukin‐10 on the production of proinflammatory cytokines induced by titanium‐alloy particles
Authors: Im Gun‐Il , Han Jae‐Dong 
Published: October 2004

AbstractWe investigated the effects of two anti‐inflammatory cytokines, interleukin (IL)‐4 and IL‐10, on the production of two proinflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α and IL‐6, induced by titanium‐alloy (Ti6Al4V) particles. Human monocytes isolated from the peripheral blood of six healthy donors were cultured and exposed to retrieved titanium‐alloy particles, together with IL‐4 or IL‐10. Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay and reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction showed that both IL‐4 and IL‐10 significantly reduced the production of TNF‐α and IL‐6. The level of TNF‐α decreased by 74% with IL‐4 and 56% with IL‐10. The level of IL‐6 decreased by 55% with IL‐4 and by 66% with IL‐10. IL‐4 had more consistent suppressive effect on TNF‐α production. The results from this study provide in vitro evidence of the possible utility of IL‐4 and IL‐10 in suppression of particle‐induced activation of macrophages. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res (Appl Biomater) 58: 531–536, 2001
Material fundamentals and clinical performance of plasma‐sprayed hydroxyapatite coatings: A review
Authors: Sun Limin , Berndt Christopher C. , Gross Karlis A. , Kucuk Ahmet 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThe clinical use of plasma‐sprayed hydroxyapatite (HA) coatings on metal implants has aroused as many controversies as interests over the last decade. Although faster and stronger fixation and more bone growth have been revealed, the performance of HA‐coated implants has been doubted. This article will initially address the fundamentals of the material selection, design, and processing of the HA coating and show how the coating microstructure and properties can be a good predictor of the expected behavior in the body. Further discussion will clarify the major concerns with the clinical use of HA coatings and introduce a comprehensive review concerning the outcomes experienced with respect to clinical practice over the past 5 years. A reflection on the results indicates that HA coatings can promote earlier and stronger fixation but exhibit a durability that can be related to the coating quality. Specific relationships between coating quality and clinical performance are being established as characterization methods disclose more information about the coating. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res (Appl Biomater) 58: 570–592, 2001
Wear of retrieved ceramic THA components— four matched pairs retrieved after 5–13 years in service
Authors: Magnissalis Evangelos A. , Xenakis Theodoros A. , Zacharis Constantinos 
Published: October 2004

AbstractRetrieval analyses of alumina–alumina THA components are conducted in order to investigate in vivo wear of implants and provide guidance to material and design improvements. The contribution of the present study consists of the examination, by digital recording of spherical profiles and scanning electron microscopy, of four matched pairs of ceramic THA implants retrieved after 5, 11, 13, and 13 years in service because of mechanical loosening. Maximum wear depth values on measured surfaces ranged between 10–325 μm for heads and 25–784 μm for cups, while grossly worn areas varied between 240 and 1510 mm2 for heads and 250 and 1570 mm2 for cups. The greatest wear characteristics were demonstrated by the pair that served for 5 years, that is, on the cup that was found in a 65° inclination. Quantitative topographical study of the results provided concrete evidence of a cascade of detrimental wear events of changing geometry, intensity, and progression associated with gradual cup tilting. Microscopy findings support previously recognized wear mechanisms. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res (Appl Biomater) 58: 593–598, 2001
Controlling your costs
Authors: Hussein Mohamed E. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractPlayer, S. and D. E. Keys, Editors. 1995. Activity‐Based Management: Arthur Andersen's Lessons from the ABM Battlefield (New York: MasterMedia Limited). McNair, C.J. and the CAM‐I Cost Management Integration Team. 2000. Value Quest: Driving Profit and Performance by Integrating Strategic Management Processes (Bedford, TX: CAM‐I).
U.S. versus Global Auditing: Why the Differences Matter
Authors: Tatum Kay W. , Munter Paul 
Published: October 2004

AbstractYou know we now live in a global economy. U.S auditors must comply with global standards when dealing with multinational firms. But did you know that some international auditing requirements are more demanding than ours—and even conflict with them? © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
“But Your Honor, I Didn't Know It Was ‘Material’!”
Authors: Urbancic Frank R. 
Published: October 2004

Abstract“Materiality” isn't just some abstract accounting concept anymore. CEOs and CFOs who don't understand its new meaning could wind up doing jail time! So what does top management need to know to stay out of trouble? The author explains that, and also provides some handy checklists to help you comply with the new requirements. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Investing in R&D: How to manage your risk
Authors: Curtis Carey C. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractInvesting in research and development (R&D)? In some ways, it's like other investments. But, the author warns, the purpose of R&D investment may be quite different—with higher risks and rewards. So what are the best ways to manage an R&D investment portfolio? © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.