bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A printed ultra‐wideband diversity monopole antenna
Authors: Wong Kin‐Lu , Su Saou‐Wen , Kuo Yen‐Liang 
Published: June 2003

AbstractA novel ultra‐wideband (UWB) diversity monopole antenna printed on a personal computer memory card international association (PCMCIA) network card is presented. The antenna consists of two truncated square monopoles orthogonally and symmetrically printed on the two sides of a T‐shaped protruded ground plane, and is capable of operating in a very wide bandwidth, defined by a 10‐dB return loss, of about 5.4 GHz (about 2.3–7.7 GHz). In addition, across the operating bandwidth, the antenna also shows good port isolation (S21 < −20 dB) and can provide spatial diversity for the obtained radiation patterns of the two truncated square monopoles which substantially cover complementary space regions. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 38: 257–259, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.11031
Analysis of 3D frequency‐selective structures using a high‐order finite‐element method
Authors: Lou Zheng , Jin Jian‐Ming 
Published: June 2003

AbstractA high‐order vector finite‐element method (FEM) is presented for the analysis of 3D frequency‐selective structures (FSSs). The asymptotic waveform evaluation (AWE) technique is combined with the FEM to perform fast frequency and angular sweeps. Reflection/transmission characteristics of several frequency‐selective structures are calculated and compared with the existing results. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 38: 259–263, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.11032
BIT error rate and noise inS‐band TDFA‐amplified 10‐Gb/s optical transmission
Authors: Bessa dos Santos A. , Costa e Silva M. B. , Carvalho M. T. , Sundheimer M. L. , Gomes A. S. L. , von der Weid J. P. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractWe report on the measurements and calculations of bit error rate (BER) and noise figure (NF) in an up‐conversion‐pumped thulium‐doped fiber amplifier for theSband. Error‐free transmission (BER < 10−9) was achieved, and good agreement between measured and calculated power penalties was obtained. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 38: 277–279, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.11037
Full‐wave FDTD design and analysis of wideband microstrip‐to‐waveguide transitions
Authors: Reig Càndid , Navarro Enrique A. , Such Vicente 
Published: June 2003

AbstractWideband transitions are designed and analysed by using two different approaches of the finite‐difference time‐domain (FDTD) method, in combination with the theory of nonuniform transmission lines. These transitions consist of a ridged waveguide‐based taper between a shielded microstrip and a standard X‐band rectangular waveguide. In the first step, a full‐wave 2D‐FDTD scheme is used to calculate the dispersion characteristics, as well as the geometry dependence of the impedance in the double ridged waveguide. Once these design curves have been obtained, the stepped transmission line transformer theory is used to design the tapers. In a former step, the nonuniform 3D‐FDTD technique is applied, the transitions are simulated and the method is validated. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 38: 317–320, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.11048
Sleeve monopole antennas at the center of a circular ground plane
Authors: Guo Jingli , Ji Yicai , Liu Qizhong 
Published: June 2003

AbstractA new moment method is presented to analyze sleeve monopole antennas at the center of a circular ground plane. The input impedance and radiation pattern of the antenna are calculated. Good agreement between the computed and measured results is obtained. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 38: 341–343, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.11055
Isolation and culture of embryonic stem cells from porcine blastocysts
Authors: Li Ming , Zhang Dong , Hou Yi , Jiao Lihong , Zheng Xing , Wang Wei‐Hua 
Published: June 2003

AbstractThis study was conducted to establish embryonic stem (ES) cell lines from porcine blastocysts. Blastocysts were collected from China miniature pigs at day 7–9 of pregnancy. Embryos were either directly (intact embryos) cultured on mitomysin C‐inactivated murine embryonic fibroblasts (MEF) as feeder layers, or were used to isolate the inner cell masses (ICM) by enzyme digestive method and then cultured. It was found that enzyme digestive method could isolate ICMs without any damages of cells in all blastocysts (28). All ICMs attached to the feeder layers. Primary cell colonies were formed in 68% of ICM culture and 28% of intact blastocyst culture. Two ES cell lines derived from ICM passed six subcultures (passages). These cells morphologically resembled mouse ES cells and consistently expressed alkaline phosphatase activity. When the ES cells were cultured in a medium without feeder layer and leukemin inhibitory factor, they differentiated into several types of cells including neuron‐like, smooth muscle‐like, and epithelium‐like cells. Some cells formed embryoid bodies in a suspension culture. These results indicate that porcine ES cell line can be established under the present experimental conditions and these ES cells are pluripotent. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 65: 429–434, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Birth of germline chimeras by transfer of chicken embryonic germ (EG) cells into recipient embryos
Authors: Park Tae Sub , Hong Yeong Ho , Kwon Se Chang , Lim Jeong Mook , Han Jae Yong 
Published: June 2003

AbstractThis study reports for the first time the production of chicken germline chimeras by transfer of embryonic germ (EG) cells into recipient embryos of different strain. EG cells were established by the subculture of gonadal tissue cells retrieved from stage 28 White Leghorn (WL) embryos with I/I gene. During primary culture (P0), gonadal primordial germ cells (gPGCs) in the stromal cells began to form colonies after 7 days in culture with significant (P < 0.0001) increase in cell population. Colonized gPGCs were then subcultured with chicken embryonic fibroblast monolayer for EG cell preparation. Prepared EG cells or gPGCs at P0 were transferred to stage 17 Korean Ogol chicken (KOC) embryos with i/i gene. The recipient chickens were raised for 6 months to sexual maturity, then a testcross analysis by artificial insemination was conducted for evaluating germline chimerism. As results, transfer of EG cells and gPGCs yielded total 17 germline chimeras; 2 out of 15 (13.3%) and 15 of 176 sexually matured chickens (8.5%), respectively. The efficiency of germline transmission in the chimeras was 1.5–14.6% in EG cells, while 1.3–27.6% in gPGCs. In conclusion, chicken germline chimeras could be produced by the transfer of EG cells, as well as gPGCs, which might enormously contribute to establishing various innovative technologies in the field of avian transgenic research for bioreactor production. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 65: 389–395, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Degree of sex reversal as related to plasma steroid levels in genetic female chickens (Gallus domesticus) treated with fadrozole
Authors: Vaillant S. , Guémené D. , Dorizzi M. , Pieau C. , Richard‐Mercier N. , Brillard J.‐P. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractThe objectives of this work were to determine whether or not plasma levels of testosterone and estradiol reflect the various grades of sex reversal in genetic female chickens treated with Fadrozole (CGS 16949 A), a nonsteroidal aromatase inhibitor, and whether gonadal aromatase activity and plasma levels of testosterone and estradiol in treated females can or not be modified by post‐hatch treatments with Fadrozole or Fadrozole + testosterone. Eggs were injected with 1 mg Fadrozole on day 4 of incubation. In females having developed sex‐reversed gonads, endocrine parameters (estradiol and testosterone) at and after 13 weeks of age were indicative of the degree of sex reversal, with, for example, sex‐reversed females with two testes having the highest levels of testosterone and the lowest levels of estradiol. Among these females, eight (from a total of 13) produced ejaculates with scarce and abnormal spermatozoa. Some motility was observable in the ejaculates from five of them. None of the post‐hatch treatments had a significant effect on plasma levels of testosterone or estradiol (measured at 3‐week intervals from week 4 to week 28 post‐hatch) or on gonadal aromatase activity (measured at 12 and 28 weeks). In conclusion, these results indicate that plasma levels of testosterone and estradiol at and after 13 weeks of age are valuable indicators of the degree of sex reversal in female chickens treated with Fadrozole prior to gonadal sex differentiation. In pre‐cited conditions, post‐natal treatments with either Fadrozole or Fadrozole + testosterone had no apparent effect on the degree of sex reversal in these birds. Finally, the occurrence of ejaculates with motile although scarce and abnormal spermatozoa, revealed that epididymes and ducti deferens can develop and become functional in sex‐reversed female chickens. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 65: 420–428, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mixed finite element approximation of an MHD problem involving conducting and insulating regions: The 3D case
Authors: Guermond J. L. , Minev P. D. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractIn this paper we extend in 3D a 2D Lagrange finite element technique proposed previously in Guermond and Minev (Mod. Math. Anal. Num. 2001) for solving the Maxwell equations in the low‐frequency limit in a domain composed of conducting and insulating regions. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 19: 709–731, 2003.
Motives for foreign direct investment in Oman
Authors: Mellahi K. , Guermat C. , Frynas J. G. , Al‐Bortmani H. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractThis paper empirically examines the factors that influence foreign investors to engage in foreign direct
investment (FDI) in Oman. One hundred and six foreign equity ventures participated in the study. The
analysis of the data reveals that political and economic stability are the two most important motives for
investing in Oman. Contrary to expectations, purchasing power of customers, market size, and availability of
low‐cost inputs are the least desirable factors, respectively. The statistical analysis indicates that
all motives do not equally appeal to all foreign investors from different countries. © 2003 Wiley
Periodicals, Inc.
Lead and other metals in gestational hypertension
Authors: Magri J. , Sammut M. , Savona‐Ventura C. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractObjectives: To identify any effects that lead, calcium, magnesium, and zinc may have on the development of gestational hypertension. Methods: Third‐trimester 110 normotensive and 33 gestational hypertension cases were assayed for various metal levels, using standard techniques, including atomic absorption spectrometry. Results: Gestational hypertension cases showed significantly higher blood lead levels than normotensives. No differences were noticed regarding calcium (ionized and total), magnesium, and zinc levels. Blood lead was significantly related with blood pressure, even after correcting for the body mass indices and age. Blood pressure levels showed no relation to the other analyzed metals. However, the lead:ionized calcium ratio showed a stronger association with blood pressure, than lead alone. Blood lead showed a significant negative relationship with ionized calcium, but none with the other metals. Conclusions: Blood lead evidently influenced blood pressure increments and gestational hypertension development. This implies that all efforts should be made to reduce the population's exposure.
Prediction of the occurrence and intensity of post-traumatic stress disorder in victims 32 months after bomb attack
Authors: Jehel Louis , Paterniti Sabrina , Brunet Alain , Duchet Clara , Guelfi Julien Daniel 
Published: June 2003

AbstractIntroductionOur objective was to identify factors that predict occurrence and severity of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after a terrorism attack.PopulationWe evaluated 32 victims of a bomb attack in a Paris subway in December 1996 at 6 and 32 months.MethodsSociodemographic characteristics, clinical data and physical injuries were used to predict PTSD occurrence and severity in 32 victims. The Watson’s PTSD Inventory (PTSD-I) and the Impact of Event Scale (IES) by Horowitz were used to evaluate occurrence and severity of PTSD, respectively.ResultsThirty-nine percent of participants met PTSD criteria at 6 months, 25% still had PTSD at 32 months. Women had PTSD 32 months after the bomb attack more frequently than men. Employment predicted PTSD severity at 32 months. PTSD scores assessed by PTSD-I at 6 months were significantly and positively associated with IES scores at 32-month follow-up (r= 0.55,P= 0.004). Psychotropic drug use before the bomb attack significantly predicted PTSD occurrence and severity at 6 and 32 months. In a linear regression model, physical injuries, employment status and psychotropic drug use before the bomb attack were independent predictors of severity of PTSD at 32 months.ConclusionsBomb attack exposure resulted in persisting PTSD in a significant proportion of victims; the severity was predicted at 32 months by physical injuries and psychotropic drug use before the terrorism attack and by the PTSD score few months after the bomb attack.
The relevance of suicidal behaviour in jail and prison suicides
Authors: Fruehwald Stefan , Frottier Patrick , Matschnig Teresa , Eher Reinhard 
Published: June 2003

AbstractPurposeSuicide rates in correctional institutions have been increasing during the last decades. There has been little interest in whether suicidal ideation and intent has been documented by non-medical prison staff (reports of attempted suicide, suicide threats, self-harm), and whether these signs of suicidality had the consequence of adequate intervention efforts.MethodsThe personal files of inmates who committed suicide in the 29 Austrian jails and prisons during the last 25 years (1975–1999) were included. We analysed personal characteristics, criminological data, circumstances of custody and information about psychiatric disorders and treatment.ResultsOf a total of 250 suicides, 220 personal files were available and included. Suicide attempts were known in 50% of all suicides and 37% had expressed suicidality. In >20%, non-medical staff had documented signs of suicidality, but no further preventive action (e.g. referral to psychiatric care) had taken place.ConclusionsSigns of suicidality play an important role in vulnerability profiles for jail and prison suicides and should have the minimal consequence of further psychiatric care.
A fisheries application of a dual-frequency identification sonar acoustic camera
Authors: Moursund Russell A , Carlson Thomas J , Peters Rock D 
Published: June 2003

Abstract
The uses of an acoustic camera in fish-passage research at hydropower facilities are being explored by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. The “Dual-Frequency Identification Sonar” (DIDSON) is a high-definition imaging sonar that obtains near-video quality images for the identification of objects underwater. Developed originally for the U.S. Navy by the University of Washington's Applied Physics Laboratory, it bridges the gap between existing fisheries-assessment sonar and optical systems. The images within 12 m of this acoustic camera are sufficiently clear such that fish can be observed undulating as they swim and their orientation ascertained in otherwise zero-visibility water. In the 1.8 MHz high-frequency mode, this system 96 beams over a 29° field-of-view. The high resolution and fast frame rate provide target visualization in real time. The DIDSON can be used where conventional underwater cameras would be limited by low light levels and high turbidity.
Results of experiments on the video-acoustic estimation of fish target strength in situ
Authors: Ermolchev Viatcheslav A , Zaferman Michael L 
Published: June 2003

Abstract
Present methods for determining the target strength (TS) of fish do not meet the requirements of accuracy, since they are not provided with reliable working standards and therefore have no correct metrological basis. Attempts to develop such a basis by means of catch analysis have not brought good results, because any fishing gear is selective, and TS measurements of single fish in situ are uncertain when data on their length distribution and behaviour are lacking. To overcome this difficulty, the Knipovich Polar Research Institute of Marine Fisheries and Oceanography (PINRO) has been developing a video-acoustic method to measure TS of fish in situ. The method involves the processing of two independent data flows from the same fish received synchronously through the acoustic and video channels. Good matching of the effective ranges of both channels can be achieved by maximizing the underwater visibility range of the video camera. To this end, the laser underwater television system (LTV) was used. Field experiments showed the visibility range of the LTV to be 3.2 times that of the ordinary underwater video.
Modelling the acoustic effect of swimbladder compression in herring
Authors: Gorska Natalia , Ona Egil 
Published: June 2003

Abstract
Obtaining accurate data on fish target strength (TS) is important when determining the quality of the results from acoustic surveys. However, this requires an improved understanding of both behavioural and environmental influences on the acoustic backscattering by fish. It is well known that the increased pressure with depth compresses the swimbladder of herring, and it has been confirmed by in situ measurements that the TS of adult herring (30–34 cm) is 3–5 dB weaker at 300 m than that of fish close to the surface. Understanding exactly how swimbladder compression may influence herring TS is, therefore, of great interest, and is the main motivation behind this study. Taking account of swimbladder volume changes with depth, we obtained analytical solutions using the Modal-Based, Deformed-Cylinder Model (MB-DCM). The mean-backscattering cross-section is then computed with selected orientation patterns, length distributions, and contrast parameters. The depth-dependence of TS at different acoustic frequencies has been studied. We conducted a sensitivity analysis to show how TS is dependent on the contraction rates of the bladder dimensions and on the fish-orientation distribution. Our theoretical results are compared with TS measured at 38 kHz.
Acoustic scattering by an arbitrarily shaped body: an application of the boundary-element method
Authors: Okumura Tsuyoshi , Masuya Toshikazu , Takao Yoshimi , Sawada Kouichi 
Published: June 2003

Abstract
The boundary-element method (BEM) is applied to calculate target strength (TS) and extinction cross-section of a scatterer. The scattering amplitudes of four types of prolate spheroid, namely, the vacant, rigid, liquid-filled, and gas-filled, are calculated using the BEM. Comparison between the results of the BEM and the prolate-spheroid model (PSM), which is a numerical calculation using spheroidal-wave functions, shows excellent agreement for the vacant, rigid, and liquid-filled spheroids. The TS of a gas-filled prolate spheroid, calculated by the BEM, shows resonance at a low frequency. The lowest resonant frequency, the peak ratio, and the quality factor (Q) of this resonance are compared with those given by the T-matrix and an analytical solution. Again the results show excellent agreement.
Validation of the stochastic distorted-wave Born approximation model with broad bandwidth total target strength measurements of Antarctic krill
Authors: Demer David A. , Conti Stéphane G. 
Published: June 2003

Abstract
Total-scattering cross-sections (σt) of Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) were measured over a broad bandwidth (36–202 kHz) using a new technique based on acoustical reverberation in a cavity. From 18 February to 9 March 2002, mean total target strengths (TTS = 10 log(σt/4π)), were measured from groups of 57–1169 krill (average standard length=31.6 mm; standard deviation=6.6 mm) at the Cape Shirreff field station, Livingston Island, Antarctica, and aboard RV “Yuzhmorgeologiya”. Chirp pulses were transmitted sequentially by an omni-directional emitter into one of three glass carboys containing groups of krill swimming in 9.3, 19.3, or 45.9 liters of seawater (0.6°C≤temperature≤4.0°C). Between each pulse the krill moved within the fixed-boundary tank and the modulated reverberations were sensed bi-statically with three omni-directional receivers. At each center frequency (fc), the coherent energy in 200-pulse ensembles identified sound scattered by the tank. The incoherent energy described total sound scattering from the krill. Thus, the TTS at each fc was extracted from a correlation analysis of energy reverberated in the tank. Measurement bias was determined to be ±0.4 dB from an experiment using metal sphere reference targets, and the precision was estimated as ±0.8 dB from the variability in the krill TTS (fc) measurements. The empirical estimates of mean σt corroborated a krill-scattering model based on the distorted-wave Born approximation (DWBA), enhanced by the authors to account for the stochastic nature of sound scattering (SDWBA), integrated over all scattering angles and averaged over all incident angles (SDWBATTS). The SDWBA, solved for target strength of Antarctic krill, may be the best predictor of backscatter for this important species and may also provide backscattering spectra for improving their acoustic identification. These advances may help to reduce uncertainty in krill-biomass estimation using multi-frequency echosounder data and echo-integration methods.
Mitotic activity in the growing red deer antler
Authors: Matich Jessica , Nicholson Louise Frances Basford , Barling Peter Michael 
Published: June 2003

AbstractAntlers grow rapidly through the coordinated development of both osseocartilage and skin (velvet). The regional patterns of cell division in these two compartments were assessed by immunochemical detection of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in antlers from one‐year‐old red deer. The whole antler integument was in a state of growth and/or renewal, particularly the keratinocytes of the basal cell layer of the epidermis near the tip, and hair bulbs and sebaceous glands. More proximally, a zone of weaker mitotic activity was detected. Within the osseocartilagenous compartment, rapid mitosis was particularly apparent within the distal mesenchyme, visible as a dome‐shaped band of staining. Mitotic activity of chondrocytes and osteoblasts was more extensive in peripheral areas of developing bone than in the centre. We conclude that the antler tip is the site of most active epidermal growth, and hypothesise that other mechanisms in addition to mechanical stretching play a role in growth of the integument.