bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Description of The Eosinophil Lymphocite Ratio (ELR) With Pulmonary Tuberculosis at Several Health Center in Jambi City
Authors: Mulyani Aura Alya , Karwiti Witi , Agraini Agraini , S Norma Rotua , Rezekiyah Sholeha , Muslina Muslina 
Published: December 2023

Background: Pulmonary Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium Tuberculosis. To reduce the number of pulmonary tuberculosis cases, treatment is carried out using OAT or what is commonly called anti-tuberculosis drugs. The length of treatment can affect the hematological system, including eosinophil cells and lymphocyte cells. An increase or decrease in the ratio of these two cells can describe the healing process of Pulmonary Tuberculosis disease.
Method: This study was conducted to determine the description of the eosinophil lymphocyte ratio (ELR) in pulmonary tuberculosis patients based on the duration of treatment. The research method was descriptive with a cross sectional approach. The research was conducted in February-June 2023 with a total sample of 40 respondents with Pulmonary Tuberculosis in several Puskesmas in Jambi City. The research was conducted in the hematology laboratory of the Technology Laboratory Medicine, Poltekkes Kemenkes Jambi.
Result: From the research conducted, it was found that the average ELR in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis undergoing treatment for <2 months was 0.08; the average ELR at the treatment stage >2 months was 0.12;
Conclusion: the conclusion of the ELR independent T test based on the length of treatment with a sig value of 0.230 (p>0, 05).
Fiber Intake, Physical Activity, and Blood Sugar Levels in Type 2 DM Patients at Puskesmas I Denpasar Timur
Authors: Mahasanti Ni Putu Pande Prawidhi , Kusumayanti G.A Dewi , Juniarsana I Wayan , Suiraoka I Putu 
Published: December 2023

Background: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease that occurs when the pancreas is unable to produce insulin or when the body cannot use properly produced insulin. Normal blood sugar levels are below 200 mg/dl. The purpose of this study is to find out the correlation of fiber intake and physical activity with blood sugar levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus at Public Health Center (Puskesmas) of Denpasar Timur I.
Method: This type of study is observational using cross sectional design. This study was conducted in December 2022. The number of samples in this study was 50 people. Fiber intake data are collected using the SQ-FFQ form, physical activity data are collected using the GPAQ (Global Physical Activity Questionnaire), blood sugar levels by blood strip using a glucometer.
Result: The data was processed with statistical analysis of Spearman Rank correlations. The results showed that 58% had sufficient fiber intake, 16% had high-category physical activity, and 42% had blood sugar levels <200 mg/dl. The results showed there was a relationship between fiber intake and blood sugar levels (p<0.05) and also a significant relationship of physical activity with blood sugar levels (p<0.05).
Conclusion: The final result is there was a relationship between fiber intake and blood sugar levels and also a significant relationship of physical activity with blood sugar levels.
Evaluation of Rationality of Drug Use Based on National Rational Drug Use Indicators at Paal Lima Public Health Center Period January – March 2023
Authors: Haflin Haflin , Agusriani Agusriani , Ningsih Rahma Yulia 
Published: December 2023

Background: World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that more than half of all drugs in the world are prescribed, dispensed and sold in an inappropriate manner and half of patients use drugs inappropriately, thus enabling irrational drug use. If the drug is used irrationally, it can have a negative impact. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the rationality of drug use at the Paal Lima Public Health Center for the period January - March 2023 based on the National Rational Drug Use (POR) indicator.
Method: This study used an observational method with retrospective data collection, namely prescription data for non-pneumonic acute respiratory infections (ARI), non-specific diarrhea, and myalgia during the period January - March 2023. The data were analyzed descriptively by calculating the use of antibiotics, injections, and the average drug items which were then displayed in percentage form. There were 509 prescriptions for non-pneumonic acute respiratory infections (ARI) cases, 74 prescriptions for non-specific diarrhea cases, and 120 prescriptions for myalgia cases.
Result: The results of the study showed that for the period January - March 2023 it was found that the use of antibiotics in cases of non-pneumonic acute respiratory infections (ARI) was 19.65%, the use of antibiotics in cases of non-specific diarrhea was 35.14%, the use of injections in cases of myalgia was 0%, and the average number of drug items per prescriptions of 3.68 items.
Conclusion: Overall, the rationality of drug use at the Paal Lima Public Health Center has not met the requirements, so it needs to be improved.
The Relationship Between Age and Parity to Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy in Postpartum Mothers
Authors: Yulianti Hasri , Mirong Ignasensia Dua , Kristin Diyan Maria 
Published: December 2023

Background: Breast milk (ASI) is the main intake for the growth and development of infants. One of the factors that influence the success of breastfeeding from psychological factors is breastfeeding self-efficacy. Breastfeeding self-efficacy is the ability and confidence of a mother to breastfeed her baby. To achieve breastfeeding success, postpartum mothers need to know the factors that influence breastfeeding. The coverage of babies receiving exclusive breastfeeding in 2020 is 66.06%. Two provinces have not reached the 2020 Strategic Plan target, namely Maluku and West Papua. For the East Nusa Tenggara region, the coverage of babies who received exclusive breastfeeding was 74.5%.
Objective: to determine the relationship between age and parity in breastfeeding self-efficacy in postpartum mothers.
Methods: quantitative research type with an analytic survey using the cross-sectional approach with purposive sampling technique with a total sample of 88. Data analysis using statistical methods Pearson correlation.
Results: obtained p-Value 0.028 < α (0.05), then there is a significant relationship between mother's age and breastfeeding self-efficacy, and for parity test results obtained a p-value of 0.039 < α (0.05), then there is a significant relationship between parity and breastfeeding self-efficacy.
Conclusion: There is a relationship between age and parity in the self-efficacy of breastfeeding mothers in postpartum mothers. One of the factors that determine success in breastfeeding is the condition of the mother which can be seen through her self-confidence, so that postpartum mothers can exclusively breastfeed their babies for 6 months.
The Relationship Between Addiction to Playing Online Games With Learning Achievement of School Age-Children in Elementary School Jambi City in 2023
Authors: Ningsih Sari Puspita , Handayani Gusti Lestari , Dewi Vivianti , Halimah Halimah 
Published: December 2023

Background: Online gaming has become a hobby for children, from elementary students to adults. Online game addiction will affect student learning achievement. This study aimed to determine the relationship between the habit of playing online games and the learning achievement of school-age children at Elementary School number 206 Jambi.
Methods: This research used a sectional approach using a total sampling technique. The population in this study were all students in grades IV and V of Elementary School number 206 Jambi, which consisted of 70 students. The research was collected using an Internet Addiction Test (IAT) questionnaire, declared valid and reliable from previous studies.
Results: The results showed a p-value of 0.002 with a correlation value of -1. This means that there is a negative relationship between online game addiction and learning achievement is a negative relationship, in which an increase in the online game addiction variable will lead to a decrease in the learning achievement variable.
Conclusion: Recommendations for parents and teachers to work together in supervising children playing games, especially online gamesOnline gaming has become a hobby for children, from elementary students to adults.
Development of Educational Game Media to Prevent Adolescent Anemia
Authors: Widiastuti Anita , Sumiyati Sumiyati , Rusmini Rusmini 
Published: December 2023

Background: The incidence of adolescent anemia in Indonesia is still often found. Nutritional problems in adolescents are caused by adolescents starting to adopt the wrong diet due to wrong information. Providing nutrition education can optimize the delivery of messages to adolescents to prevent nutritional problems. The recommended method of providing education for adolescents is participatory activities. In order to attract and increase adolescents attention in learning activities, it is necessary to develop game-based educational media, such as the snakes and ladders educational game media. This research was conducted to create an educational game snakes and ladders to prevent adolescent anemia as a media for adolescent nutrition education.
Method: The type of research used in this research is development research or Research and Development (R&D). The model used is ADDIE which includes analysis, design, development, implementation and evaluation stages. The data collection process used primary data by conducting interviews and administering questionnaires.
Result: The results of material validation and media validation were declared good and suitable for use.
Conclusion: The conclusion of this research is that the educational game media snakes and ladders to prevent anemia in adolescents has gone through all the media development processes so that it is suitable to be used as an educational media to prevent anemia in adolescents.
Identificação e classificação de patógenos com risco potencial de impactar as populações de Cetáceos marinhos, como critério para efetivação de ações de conservação: revisão de literatura
Authors: Loffler Niemeyer Attademo Fernanda , Manoel Brum Febrônio Andrei , Castaldo Colosio Adriana , Domit Camila , Kiyomi Miyaji Kolesnikovas Crisitiane , De Oliveira Luna Fábia , Catão-Dias José Luíz , Regina Groch Katia , Borges Keid Lara , Aranha Leandro , César Calzavara Marcondes Milton , Elvis Matias de Oliveira Radan , Costa-Silva Samira , Siciliano Salvatore 
Published: December 2023

Os planos de ação nacional de espécies ameaçadas de extinção no Brasil vêm sendo uma importante ferramenta de gestão para a conservação. O planejamento de ações voltadas para os cetáceos iniciou-se em 1997, porém, apesar das questões relacionadas Ã saúde dos cetáceos já sinalizarem uma preocupação desde o início, somente no atual ciclo (2019-2024) ações específicas para a identificação de patógenos foram incluídas. Este estudo teve como objetivo realizar um levantamento dos patógenos com potencial de impacto aos cetáceos marinhos no Brasil, incluindo aqueles já relatados no país e os que podem vir a ser identificados. O levantamento de trabalhos foi realizado em múltiplas plataformas e sem restrição de período, no entanto não foi uma busca com base em abordagem sistemática. Foram identificados vírus, bactérias, fungos e parasitas com potencial de impacto, podendo afetar a longevidade, reprodução ou causar a mortalidade das espécies, além de alguns possuírem potencial zoonótico. O levantamento elucida a diversidade de patógenos que podem acometer os cetáceos, assim como serve de base para monitoramentos de parâmetros de saúde da fauna marinha frente Ã preocupação dos cenários futuros relacionados Ã s doenças emergentes. Com isso, conclui-se que para a conservação dos cetáceos no Brasil é importante a realização do estudo de revisão, como uma baseline para a identificação de patógenos que possam afetar as populações de cetáceos no país. Além disso, incentivar Ã implementação de diagnósticos de doenças nos espécimes acessados pelas instituições de pesquisa, sempre reportando a informação para orientar o manejo e a conservação desses mamíferos.
Revisiting the Congressional Review Act
Authors: Cross Jesse M. 
Published: December 2023

It now has been over 25 years since Congress first enacted the Congressional Review Act, an effort to reclaim congressional oversight of agency rulemaking in a post-Chadha world. For many years, the CRA remained a relatively obscure statute, but an explosion in use has now transformed it into an important component of our administrative state. This has made it imperative for those both within and without Congress to understand the law. Yet the real-world operation of the CRA remains little understood.
This Article attempts to shed light on this opaque yet consequential statute. Drawing on interviews with governmental and private actors, it provides an inside look into the real-world operation of CRA review. In so doing, it discovers implementation practices that would surprise even those with detailed knowledge of the letter of the law.
These discoveries change our understanding of the CRA’s strengths, weaknesses, and possibilities—and the Article explores the lessons offered by these discoveries. These include lessons for statutory reform, with the Article identifying aspects of the law that should be addressed by Congress to promote good governance under the Act. They also include lessons for partisan actors, uncovering unknown opportunities for creative use of the CRA, often to offset manipulative uses that have emerged in recent years. Through this analysis, the Article provides insights into the CRA that will be necessary as the law continues to play an unexpectedly important role in congressional oversight of the administrative state.
Solving Solar: How Past Policy Collides With Future Technology
Authors: Watson Conner 
Published: December 2023

This Comment discusses the importance of developing a solar waste management plan. Specifically, this Comment presents the argument that the United States should not create a large federal regulatory framework that includes expansive subsidies for solar panel recycling, but instead should invest in solar recycling technologies that offer solar recyclers the opportunity to profitably recycle junk panels. Ultimately, the federal government’s role should be limited to one of investment and support as states craft solar waste management systems that work for them.
In support of this argument, this Comment explores the history and future of solar panel development, the current state of solar production and recycling, and the magnitude of the threat solar waste presents. Additionally, this Comment discusses how nations outside the United States are addressing the solar waste problem, the advent of new solar recycling technologies, how Congress may adapt the existing Resource Conservation and Recovery Act to include solar panels and encourage recycling of junk panels, the success story of lead-acid battery recycling, and what the solar recycling network of the future may look like.
Ultimately, this Comment concludes that given recent advancements in recycling technology, with proper planning, encouragement, and investment from both state and federal governments, the private sector will be incentivized to recycle used solar panels without burdensome government intervention while sustaining a profitable business. Such a result will create a truly clean and renewable source of energy and relieve American taxpayers from bearing the cost of expensive solar recycling subsidy programs.
SECTION 6 «INCENTIVES AND PENALTIES OF THE CONVICTS» OF THE LAW ON PRISONS OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA: AUTHOR'S TRANSLATION AND A BRIEF COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS WITH THE LEGISLATION OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Authors: Бальчиндоржиева О.Б. , Мяханова А.Н. , Скиба А.П. 
Published: December 2023

В статье приводится текст авторского перевода на русский язык раздела 6 «Поощрения и взыскания осужденных» Закона о тюрьмах Китайской Народной Республики от 2012 года. В рамках краткого сравнительного анализа с российским законодательством выделяется ряд отличительных особенностей поощрения и взыскания осужденных к лишению свободы по китайскому законодательству: они ориентированы на предотвращение преступной или иной незаконной деятельности, а также на иные положительные действия для общества и государства (существенный вклад в предотвращение или ликвидацию бедствий и аварий, внедрение технологических инноваций или успехи при обучении технологии производства); и т. д.
The article contains the text of the author's translation of articles 56–58 of the current version of section 6 «Incentives and penalties of convicts» of the Law on Prisons of the People's Republic of China. Within the framework of a brief comparative analysis with Russian legislation, a number of features of the application of incentives and penalties to those sentenced to imprisonment under Chinese law are highlighted: it is focused on preventing the commission of new crimes and other positive actions of a person for the benefit of society and the state (a significant contribution to the prevention or elimination of disasters and accidents, the introduction of technological innovations or success in teaching production technology); the minimum term of placement of a convicted person in a penal isolation cell (seven days) is established; etc.
APPLICATION OF CRIMINAL PENALTIES AGAINST WOMEN IN PRE-REVOLUTIONARY RUSSIA (HISTORICAL AND LEGAL ASPECT)
Authors: Щетнева В.А. 
Published: December 2023

В статье проводится исследование исторических аспектов уголовного и уголовно-исполнительного законодательства в вопросах применения уголовных наказаний в отношении женщин в дореволюционной России. В исследовании приводится тысячелетний опыт развития законодательства и практики назначения и исполнения отдельных видов наказаний в отношении женщин. Анализируются памятники права. Основная цель научной статьи – проанализировать на протяжении тысячелетия (X–XX вв.) уголовно-правовые и уголовно-исполнительные основы назначения и исполнения наказаний в отношении лиц женского пола, определить особенности применения мер принуждения к лицам женского пола. Автором в ходе анализа научной и учебной литературы, нормативных источников в рамках подготовки научной статьи применены общетеоретические методы исследования (аналогии, индукции, анализ, синтез, обобщения, дедукции), практические (частные) методы исследования (формально-правовой, сравнительно-правовой, историко-правовой). На основе проведенного исследования можно сделать вывод о том, что в прошлом, настоящем и будущем всю специфику назначения и исполнения наказаний в отношении женщин определяет их психофизиология.
The article examines the historical aspects of criminal and penal law in the application of criminal penalties against women in pre-revolutionary Russia. The study provides thousands of years of experience in the development of legislation and the practice of prescribing and executing certain types of punishment against women. Monuments of law are analyzed. The main goal of the scientific article is to analyze over the millennium (X–XX centuries) the criminal law and penal enforcement foundations for the appointment and execution of sentences against women. The basis is to determine the peculiarities of the application of coercive measures to female persons. The author, in the course of analyzing scientific and educational literature, regulatory sources, within the framework of preparing a scientific article, applied general theoretical research methods (analogies, induction, analysis, synthesis, generalizations, deductions), practical (private) research methods (formal-legal, comparative-legal, historical-legal). The millennial process of punishment in the form of imprisonment against women leads to certain conclusions, allows you to summarize the historical and legal process under consideration and indicate some results. They consist in the fact that the psychophysiology of women serving measures of state coercion determines all the specifics of the appointment and execution of sentences against them in the past, present and future.
THEORETICAL ASPECTS OF COUNTERING HATE SPEECH IN SOCIAL NETWORKS
Authors: Еремин Д.С. , Максимова Т.А. 
Published: December 2023

В век технологий появились новые средства общения, в частности социальные сети, но вместе с тем появились и проблемы, связанные с размещением информации. Одной из них является разжигание ненависти. Их отличительной чертой от таких же высказываний до появления Интернета является скорость распространения. В статье рассмотрена значимость разжигания ненависти в социальных сетях, так как за последние десять лет количество пользователей увеличилось в несколько раз. Этому способствует несколько факторов. Во-первых, в ходе разнообразных алгоритмов в социальных сетях у большинства пользователей формируется отрицательное или положительное мнение. Во-вторых, информация в социальных сетях носит объективный или искаженный смысл. В-третьих, в российском праве нет законодательно закрепленного термина «разжигание ненависти». Авторами был сделан вывод о том, что в странах, основанных на принципах демократии, граждане наделены правом свободно выражать свое мнение, однако стоит помнить, что некоторые высказывания или призывы способствуют разжиганию ненависти, а социальные сети имеют особую специфику. Результаты изученных материалов показали, что необходимо в дальнейшем изучать такое негативное явление в социальных сетях, а также разрабатывать стратегии для его предотвращения. С помощью взаимодействия различных служб и на основе опыта зарубежных стран в будущем можно будет создать безопасное онлайн-пространство для пользователей.
In the age of technology, new means of communication have appeared. The appearance of the Internet largely causes the appearance of many problems associated with the distribution of information in social networks. Incitement of hatred in various social networks is recognized as an important aspect. Of course, such statements existed before the advent of the Internet, however, the main distinguishing feature of such statements is the speed of their dissemination. The authors consider the importance of inciting hatred in social networks, since the number of users has increased several times over the past ten years. Several factors contribute to this. Firstly, in the course of various algorithms in social networks, most users form a negative or positive opinion. Secondly, the information in social networks has an objective or distorted meaning. Thirdly, there is no legislatively fixed term "incitement to hatred" in Russian law. The authors concluded that each country is based on the principles of democracy and empowers citizens to freely express their opinions, but it is worth remembering that some statements or appeals contribute to inciting hatred, and in social networks it has a special specificity. The results of the materials studied showed that it is necessary to further study such a negative phenomenon in social networks, as well as develop strategies to prevent it. With the help of the interaction of various services and based on the experience of foreign countries, it will be possible to create a safe online space for users in the future.