bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Peripheral Circulatory Response to Feeding in Newborn Low‐Birth‐Weight Infants
Authors: Raziuddin K. , Kim M. H. , Yao A. C. 
Published: February 2024

SummaryThe effect of feeding on calf blood flow (CBF) was investigated in 27 preterm and 10 term small‐for‐gestational‐age (SGA) neonates using the venous occlusion plethysmographic method pre‐ and postprandially. Blood pressure and heart rate were simultaneously monitored. Feeding consisted of commercially prepared formula with average amounts of 20 ml/kg for preterm and 30 ml/kg for term SGA infants. As a group, the preterm neonates showed no significant CBF changes 1/2 h postprandially from the control value of 8.4 ± 2.6 ml/min/100 ml (mean ± SD). Although the difference was not statistically significant, 10 of the 27 preterm infants showed a mean CBF decrease of 9% and 17 showed no change to a slight in‐crease immediately postprandially. These changes were followed by a 35% mean increment in CBF of all preterm infants at 2–21/2 h postprandially. CBF decreased in term SGA infants by 40% at 1/2 h postprandially from a control flow of 8.6 ± 2.9 ml/min/100 ml (p < 0.01). CBF returned to the control level 1–1 1/2 h postprandially and superseded the control value by 16% at 2–2 1/2 h. Peripheral vascular resistance varied inversely with CBF. Blood pressure and heart rate showed no significant changes. These observations indicated that unlike term infants, most preterm infants manifest no significant immediate peripheral vascular response to feeding before the onset of a hyperdynamic circulatory state. This difference was related to gestational age rather than to birth weight as term SGA infants responded like term appropriate‐forgestational‐age infants. The possible mechanisms involved in these CBF changes with feeding are discussed.
The Bacterial Content of Breast Milk After the Early Initiation of Expression Using a Standard Technique
Authors: Asquith Maria Teresa , Pedrotti Peter W. , Harrod James R. , Stevenson David K. , Sunshine Philip 
Published: February 2024

SummaryThis study was initiated to evaluate the effect of early expression on the bacterial colony count of human milk. Significant bacterial contamination ($10,000 colony‐forming units/ml milk) was more common in 11 mothers who delayed the onset of expression of their milk compared with mothers who began to express their milk in the immediate postpartum period (n = 15) or who began to nurse their own full‐term infants soon after delivery (n = 9). These data suggest that mothers who are separated from their prematurely born or sick infants should begin to express milk for their own infants as soon after birth as possible to provide milk with low bacterial contamination for frozen storage and later use.
Lipids in Human Milk
Authors: Ferris Ann M. , Jensen Robert G. 
Published: February 2024

SummaryA protocol for selection of donors of milk samples is presented. Various methods for the sampling of milk are critically reviewed and a tested procedure is described. The measurement of milk volume is reviewed. Analyses for milk lipids are presented and discussed. Results of the analyses relative to various factors affecting fat content are given. Depending upon the type of study, sampling of milk by the Egnell or similar pump is recommended. For field studies, the creamatocrit procedure for estimation of fat content is acceptable if calibrated. Satisfactory research methods are the Roese‐Gottlieb, modified Folch, and dry column extractions followed by gravimetry.
Blood Lipids as Related to Food Intake, Body Composition, and Cardiorespiratory Efficiency in Preschool Children
Authors: Pařízková J. , Macková E. , Macková J. , Škopková M. 
Published: February 2024

Summary:A group of 3‐5‐year‐old children (n = 22) with a level of somatic development and physical fitness (modified Step test) that corresponded to a previously measured representative sample was studied. The depot fat proportion was 16.3 ± 4%, and obesity was absent. Lean body mass (LBM) was 16.1 ± 1.8 kg. As in previous studies, the fat intake was higher as compared to recommended allowances. The blood cholesterol level was 4.9 ± 0.8, high density lipoproteins (HDL) 1.2 ± 0.2, low density lipoproteins (LDL) 3.6 ± 0.8, triglycerides ?? U/L. The step test index (STI) was 92 ± 9, and the cardiac efficiency index (CEI) was 0.575 ± 0.096. The sex differences were not significant, except for body weight. Marked variability was found in all characteristics measured. There were no significant relationships among somatic development, body composition, food intake, STI, CEI, blood lipids, and CK. The LBM/10 cm height index corelated significantly with CEI, CK, and fat intake.
Modification of Somatostatin Content and Binding in Jejunum from Celiac Children
Authors: Arilla Eduardo , Hernandez Manuel , Polanco Isabel , Roca Bernardo , Prieto J. Carlos , Vazquez Carlos 
Published: February 2024

SummaryThe concentration of somatostatin was studied in controls as well as in plasma and jejunal mucosa from celiac children with and without jejunal villous atrophy. The binding of somatostatin to cytosolic fraction, isolated from jejunal mucosa from celiac patients and controls, was also investigated. Fasting plasma somatostatin concentrations were not significantly different among the various groups studied. However, the jejunal somatostatin content was significantly higher in the group of celiac children with subtotal villous atrophy as compared to control group and celiac children with normal villous architecture. The binding of somatostatin to cytosol of jejunal mucosa was significantly decreased in the group of celiac children with subtotal villous atrophy. The present results suggest that somatostatin may be involved in the pathophysiological processes of celiac disease.
A Micromethod for Determination of Plasma Pyridoxal Phosphate and Its Use in Assessment of Storage Stability of the Vitamer
Authors: Borschel Marlene W. , Kirksey Avanelle , Hamaker Bruce R. 
Published: February 2024

SummaryA widely used macromethod employing tyrosine apodecarboxylase for measurement of pyridoxal phosphate (PLP) concentration in 0.5–1.0‐ml plasma was modified to a microscale utilizing 0.1‐ml plasma. Mean PLP levels in 12 plasma samples were 160.6 ± 32.8 pmol/ml (mean ± SD) when analyzed by the macro‐method, and were not significantly different compared to those obtained by the micromethod (158.4 ± 28.2 pmol/ ml). Results of the two methods were significantly correlated (r = +0.97, p < 0.001). Plasma PLP concentrations of 11 samples determined by the micromethod ( = 151.8 ± 30.0 pmol/ml) were similar and significantly correlated (r = +0.95, p < 0.001) to levels measured in the same samples 1–2 years earlier ( = 145.1 ± 26.2 pmol/ml). This suggests that plasma PLP content of the samples was stable for up to 2 years of storage when the micro‐method was utilized for analysis. The strong significant correlation between macro‐ and micromethods attests that the micromethod is a reliable alternative to the macromethod. The micromethod is useful in instances where only small samples of plasma are available for measurement of PLP.
Sclerema Neonatorum
Authors: Lindenberg Jeffrey A. , Milstein Jay M. , Cox Kenneth L. 
Published: February 2024

SummaryWe cared for four neonates with transient hyperammonemia of the newborn (THAN), all of whom exhibited sclerema during their course. Sclerema is a hardening of the subcutaneous tissues, which gives the tissue a firm, rubber‐like quality. This association has not been previously reported, and it may provide a clue to early diagnosis and intervention in THAN.
Intestinal Milk‐Bolus Obstruction in Formula‐Fed Premature Infants Given High Doses of Calcium
Authors: Koletzko Berthold , Tangermann Rudolf , von Kries Rüdiger , Stannigel Hans , Willberg Björn , Radde Ingeborg , Schmidt Eberhardt 
Published: February 2024

Summary:Supplementation of milk formulae with calcium salts is recommended for low birth weight infants. We observed a serious complication of calcium administration in too high a dosage. Three premature infants (birth weight 1,080–1,900 g and gestational age 28–35 weeks) developed an obstruction of the distal ileum during the second week of life, leading to multiple bowel perforations and development of septic peritonitis in two cases. All three patients required surgical removal of a bolus blocking the intestinal lumen. Analysis of the bolus material from one infant indicated that the formation of soaps from calcium and long‐chain fatty acids had caused the obstruction. All three infants had been fed a formula for premature infants with the addition of a recently introduced commercial mineral supplement, resulting in a very high calcium concentration of the feed (40.6 mmol/ L). Simulation of syringe feeding demonstrated that even higher calcium concentrations could occur in milk portions containing sedimented calcium compounds.
Proinflammatory Cytokine Expression in Gastric Tissue From Children With Helicobacter pylori–Associated Gastritis
Authors: Guiraldes Ernesto , Duarte Ignacio , Peña Alfredo , Godoy Alex , Espinosa M. Nelly , Bravo Rubén , Larraín Francisco , Schultz Marcela , Harris Paul 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundHelicobacter pylori infection of the gastric mucosa in humans is usually acquired early in life. The chronic inflammation that ensues involves the increased production of inflammatory cytokines. Published data on production of these mediators by gastric mucosa of H. pylori–infected children are few.MethodsSeventy‐nine children, aged 5 to 18 years, referred for upper gastrointestinal endoscopy to four separate hospitals in Chile, were studied. The concentrations of interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐6, IL‐8, and tumor necrosis factor α were measured in homogenates of gastric mucosal biopsy specimens. Cytokine expression was confirmed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. These data were correlated with the patients' clinical, histologic and sociodemographic status.ResultsPatient rate of colonization by H. pylori was inversely correlated with socioeconomic status (P < 0.005) and positively correlated with age (P < 0.0025). In gastric mucosa, concentrations of IL‐1β, IL‐8, and tumor necrosis factor α were all significantly higher in H. pylori–positive patients than in H. pylori–negative patients and in patients who had histologic gastritis than in those with normal gastric mucosa. In patients with peptic ulcer disease, only IL‐1β and IL‐8 concentrations were significantly elevated when compared with those of patients without ulcers. Interleukin‐6 concentrations were comparable among the different groups analyzed.ConclusionsThis study suggests that increased gastric mucosal production of the proinflammatory cytokines IL‐1β and IL‐8 is probably involved in H. pylori–associated gastric damage in children and may be crucial in determining the different clinical outcomes.
Age‐Dependent Changes in the Regulation of Cyclooxygenases in the Gastrointestinal Tract After Gram‐Negative Endotoxemia
Authors: Martinez Francisco E. , Reno Carol , Trevenen Cynthia L. , Hart David A. , Belik Jaques 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundCyclooxygenases (COXs) modulate prostaglandin synthesis in the gastrointestinal tract. Prostaglandins have been shown to have a cytoprotective effect on bowel mucosa in adults, but no similar data are available in neonates. Thus, the purpose of the current study was to evaluate age‐dependent changes in gastrointestinal tract COX regulation after Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide exposure in rats.MethodsStomach, small bowel, and large bowel COX‐1 and COX‐2 mRNA levels (reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction technique) and protein content (Western blot) were obtained from neonates (younger than 3 days old) and adult rats 18 hours after exposure to E. coli O111:B4 lipopolysaccharide toxin. Untreated animals served as controls.ResultsStomach, small bowel, and large bowel tissue COX‐1 mRNA levels in the newborn were significantly lower (P < 0.01) than in the adult. No age‐dependent differences were found for COX‐2 mRNA levels. After lipopolysaccharide exposure, no significant changes in COX‐1 levels were seen at either age, whereas COX‐2 mRNA levels were increased only in the stomach for both ages. Western blot analysis of small bowel tissue for COX‐1 and COX‐2 showed no lipopolysaccharide‐induced changes in protein content, but the COX‐1 content was significantly lower in the newborn (P < 0.01).ConclusionsIn the rat, COX expression in the gastrointestinal tract is regulated in an age‐dependent fashion. Lower COX‐1 expression and a lack of observable increase in COX‐2 mRNA levels in the newborn small bowel after endotoxemia may render the bowel more susceptible to bowel injury early in life.
Eosinophilic Esophagitis in Children: Symptoms, Histology and pH Probe Results
Authors: Sant'Anna A. M. G. A. , Rolland S. , Fournet J. C. , Yazbeck S. , Drouin E. 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACTAim:To review the authors’ experience with eosinophilic esophagitis.Methods:Between 1993 and 2001, the authors identified 12 patients with eosinophilic esophagitis defined on histologic criteria (≥20 eosinophils per high‐power field in the distal esophageal epithelium). The authors reviewed medical records for details of clinical presentation; laboratory data; radiologic, endoscopic, and histologic findings; and the results of continuous esophageal pH probe monitoring.Results:Seventy‐five percent of the patients were male. The median age at presentation was 10.8 years (range, 1–17 years). Commonly reported symptoms were dysphagia with solid food (66%), epigastric pain (42%), food impaction (50%), and vomiting (8%). Food allergy was reported in 50% and asthma in 33%. Peripheral eosinophilia (>700/mm3) was found in 42%. Upper gastrointestinal series performed in eight patients, showed esophageal luminal narrowing in three. Computed tomography, performed in two patients, revealed thickening of the esophageal wall. Esophageal pH probe monitoring, performed in nine patients, revealed no abnormal acid reflux. All of the monitored patients had episodic alkalinization of the esophagus. Upper endoscopic analysis revealed white specks on the esophageal mucosa in 42%, esophageal narrowing in 33%, esophageal rings in 25%, and esophageal furrowing in 8%. The mean eosinophils per high‐power field was 65 (range, 20–200). Histologic characteristics included juxtaluminar (33%) and peripapillary clusters of eosinophils (33%), increased papillary height (50%), and basal cell hyperplasia (34%).Conclusion:Solid food dysphagia was the most common feature of eosinophilic esophagitis in our patients. Alkalinization of the esophagus was found in all nine pH probe recordings of eosinophilic esophagitis patients and may represent a previously unreported characteristic of the condition.
Severe Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease and Cow Milk Hypersensitivity in Infants and Children: Disease Association and Evaluation of a New Challenge Procedure
Authors: Nielsen R. G. , Bindslev‐Jensen C. , Kruse‐Andersen S. , Husby S. 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACTBackground:Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and cow milk hypersensitivity are frequent disorders of infancy. A possible causative association between these two entities has been suggested.Objective:The primary aim was to elucidate whether a causative relationship between the two entities could be established in a population of infants and children. A secondary aim was to evaluate whether cow milk challenge during esophageal pH monitoring is useful as an objective method to identify this subgroup of patients.Methods:Upper endoscopy followed by a 48‐hour esophageal pH monitoring with cow's milk elimination diet at day 1 and challenge at day 2. Cow milk hypersensitivity was later verified by elimination diet and a second open (in patients <3 years of age) or double‐blind placebo‐controlled (in patients ≥3 years of age) challenge. Skin prick test, specific serum immunoglobulin E and skin patch test were used as supplementary procedures. Follow‐up endoscopy and pH monitoring were performed after 3 months of treatment (omeprazole versus elimination diet dependent on evidence of food hypersensitivity).Results:Eighteen of 42 investigated patients had severe GERD, defined as endoscopic esophagitis and/or a reflux index >10%. Among these patients, a group of 10 patients with GERD and cow milk hypersensitivity was identified. This group had a significantly higher reflux index compared with children with primary GERD. No significant increase was noted in reflux index during simultaneous pH monitoring and milk challenge.Conclusions:An association between GERD and cow milk hypersensitivity was observed in both infants and children with severe GERD. Simultaneous cow milk challenge and pH monitoring had limited value as a method to identify this subgroup.
Chronic Hepatitis B Infection: Long Term Comparison of Children Receiving Interferon Alpha and Untreated Controls
Authors: Vo Thi Diem Hanh , Bourgois Annick , Bontems Patrick , Goyens Philippe , Buts Jean Paul , Nackers Fabienne , Tonglet René , Sokal Etienne Marc 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACTObjectives:To investigate the virological outcome of chronic hepatitis B (CH‐B) in children who received interferon alpha (IFN) compared with no treatment.Methods:Seventy‐four children with CH‐B (median age, 6.1 years; 44 boys) selected from a cohort of 158 cases were included and divided into two groups: IFN‐treated (n = 37) and control (n = 37). The controls were matched with the treated children by baseline alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels, sex and age. The Kaplan‐Meier method was performed to estimate the time to clearance of hepatitis B e antigen (HbeAg) and hepatitis B surface antigen (HbsAg).Results:Mean duration of follow‐up was comparable in two groups (5.2 ± 3.8 years in treatment group versus 5.2 ± 3.7 years in control group, NS). HBeAg and HBsAg loss occurred in 20 (54.1%) and three treated children versus 13 (35.1%) and one untreated children (NS), respectively. The 7‐year cumulative HBeAg and HBsAg clearance rates were 47.5% and 8.9% after the first visit in the treatment group versus 33.5% and 4.0% in untreated children (NS), respectively. Elevated baseline ALT (two times upper limit of normal) had a significant effect on the long‐term cumulative rate of HBeAg seroconversion in treated patients (P = 0.01) but not in the untreated group.Conclusions:These findings show that the overall long‐term virological outcome does not differ significantly between IFN‐treated and untreated children but that a significant benefit of treatment on the long term rate of HBeAg seroconversion is obtained in children with higher baseline ALT levels.
Comparing instructor‐led, video‐model, and no‐instruction control tutorials for creating single‐subject graphs in Microsoft Excel: A systematic replication and extension
Authors: Zonneveld Kimberley L. M. , Cox Alison D. , Asaro Madeline M. , Hranchuk Kieva S. , Alami Arezu , Kelly Laura D. , Frijters Jan C. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractVisual inspection of single‐subject data is the primary method for behavior analysts to interpret the effect of an independent variable on a dependent variable; however, there is no consensus on the most suitable method for teaching graph construction for single‐subject designs. We systematically replicated and extended Tyner and Fienup (2015) using a repeated‐measures between‐subjects design to compare the effects of instructor‐led, video‐model, and no‐instruction control tutorials on the graphing performance of 81 master's students with some reported Microsoft Excel experience. Our mixed‐design analysis revealed a statistically significant main effect of pretest, tutorial, and posttest submissions for each tutorial group and a nonsignificant main effect of tutorial group. Tutorial group significantly interacted with submissions, suggesting that both instructor‐led and video‐model tutorials may be superior to providing graduate students with a written list of graphing conventions (i.e., control condition). Finally, training influenced performance on an untrained graph type (multielement) for all tutorial groups.
Novel cyano functional small molecule photosensitizers with amplified electron injection and photovoltaic attributes: molecular modelling towards efficient dye‐sensitized solar cells
Authors: Nadeem Sehar , Khan Muhammad Usman , Hussain Riaz , Shafiq Faiza , Alhokbany Norah 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe exploration of novel photosensitizers with reverberant optoelectronic features for dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) is a frontline area of research. In this respect, attempts have been made to design a series of novel organic dyes (JFK‐1–JFK‐10) with D‐π‐A framework by π‐spacer modification strategy. The suitability of developed sensitizers for DSSCs applications is confirmed by executing natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis, transition density matrix (TDM) analysis, frontier molecular orbital (FMO) analysis, density of state (DOS) analysis, binding energy (Eb), electron regeneration energy (ΔGreg), free energy of injection (ΔGinject), electronic coupling constant (VRP), and intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) parameters qCT (e‐), DCT (Å), H index (Å), ∆(Å), t index (Å), μCT (D).RESULTSThe calculated results of these analyses show that replacing the thiophene (B0) π‐spacer with extended conjugated thiazole and thiophene as a π‐spacer (B1‐B10) results in significantly lowered FMO energy levels, broader λmax values, and ICT parameters respectively. All the proposed dyes could be used as excellent sensitizers for DSSCs; the B9 spacer in JFK‐9 makes JFK‐9 a highly efficient candidate for the high‐efficiency of DSSCs due to promising photovoltaic characteristics, like the reduced Egap (4.386 eV), longer λmax(427.989 nm), longer excited state lifetimes (1.483 ns), a lower ΔGreg (1.807 eV), a greater dipole moment of (9.475 D), and large qCT (0.546), LHE (0.981), and eVOC (1.729 eV).CONCLUSIONThe fabricated dyes’ (F1‐F9) photoelectronic and chemical transfer parameters near the titania‐electrolyte interface (dyes@TiO2) proved have better accumulation and recombination of dyes@TiO2 model. The adsorption energies calculated of all compounds provide a deep insight into adsorption and charge transfer to a semiconductor TiO2 conduction band. Hence, these modeled dyes (JFK‐1‐JFK‐10) could be used as efficient DSSCs and open new avenues for researchers to synthesize high‐performance DSSCs. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).