bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Performance evaluation for VBR Continuous Media File Server admission control
Authors: Makaroff D. J. , Neufeld G. W. , Hutchinson N. C. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractA file server for continuous media must provide resource guarantees and only admit requests that do not violate the resource availability. This paper addresses the admission performance of a server that explicitly considers the variable bit rate nature of the continuous media streams. A prototype version of the server has been implemented and evaluated in several heterogeneous environments. The two system resources for which admission control is evaluated are the disk bandwidth and the network bandwidth. Performance results from both measurement and simulation are shown with respect to different admission methods and varying scenarios of stream delivery patterns. We show that the vbrSim algorithm developed specifically for the server outperforms the other options for disk admission especially with request patterns that have staggered arrivals, while the network admission control algorithm is able to utilize a large percentage of the network bandwidth available. We also show the interactions between the limits of these two resources and how a system can be configured without wasted capacity on either one of the resources. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Checking secure information flow in Java bytecode by code transformation and standard bytecode verification
Authors: Bernardeschi C. , De Francesco N. , Lettieri G. , Martini L. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractA method is presented for checking secure information flow in Java bytecode, assuming a multilevel security policy that assigns security levels to the objects. The method exploits the type‐level abstract interpretation of standard bytecode verification to detect illegal information flows. We define an algorithm transforming the original code into another code in such a way that a typing error detected by the Verifier on the transformed code corresponds to a possible illicit information flow in the original code. We present a prototype tool that implements the method and we show an example of application. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluating the internal consistency of ISO/IEC TR 15504 process capability measures
Authors: Jung Ho‐Won 
Published: July 2004

AbstractA software process assessment based on the emerging International Standard ISO/IEC 15504 (Software Process Assessment) can be considered a subjective measurement procedure since assessors assign ratings to measures (i.e. PA: process attributes) to measure the capability of processes. Since measurement always includes some amount of random measurement error, evaluating the reliability of empirical measurement in ISO/IEC 15504–based process assessment is crucial to give confidence to the assessment results. This study estimated the internal consistency (reliability) of process attributes by utilizing Cronbach's alpha. For this purpose, we analyzed 364 process instances from 29 assessments on the basis of ISO/IEC 15504 in Korea during February 1999 and December 2001. Our result shows that Cronbach's alpha has a high value of 0.88 for use in practice. This is the same value as obtained in the data from the Phase 2 SPICE Trials (between September 1996 and June 1998), where SPICE denotes Software Process Improvement and Capability dEtermination. In addition, this study explored whether the change of the current four‐category PA rating scale increases the internal consistency. Our findings indicate that the current four‐category rating scale gives higher internal consistency of process capability measures than a two‐ or a three‐category rating scale. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Level 5 process capability achievement: A case study from Software Engineering Research Management
Authors: Walker A. J. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractThere is scant recorded experience in the literature of the attainment of ISO 15504 Level 5 capability. The reasons are not hard to find: instances of advanced capability are infrequent; those enterprises that have attained such advanced levels of process capability, understandably, may be reluctant to share their experiences with potential competitors; and assessors are frequently unsure of how to interpret the process attributes, management practices and indicators at Levels 4 and 5.The situation described in this article relates to the management of the higher‐degree process at the Software Engineering Applications Laboratory (SEAL) over the period 1988 through 2000. The SEAL was a post‐graduate laboratory in the School of Electrical and Information Engineering at the University of the Witwatersrand, focussing on research investigations in specialised engineering and scientific applications in the field of software engineering. A major process re‐engineering exercise was initiated in 1992, leading to the certification of the SEAL to ISO 9001 in July 1995. Key performance indicators relating to the recruitment, supervision and graduation of students, and development and publication of research articles were tracked over the period of interest. The impact of the formalised management system on these KPIs was tracked and monitored. Process improvements, both heroic and incremental, and their impacts, were recorded in detail. When the work products of a sample of SEAL projects and the quality management system were assessed recently, the assessment team concluded that Level 5 process capability had been achieved in the higher‐degree process. This contribution seeks to record the background to the assessment and offers some insights as to what practices were applied to achieve Level 5 capability. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Das Airside Center‐Dach des Züricher Flughafens
Authors: Manning Martin , Terry Richard , Roe Tim , Falter Holger 
Published: July 2004

AbstractDas rund 250 m lange und 50 m breite Airside Center des Züricher Flughafens verbindet die beiden bestehenden Terminals und Fingerdocks A und B und ersetzt ein Verbindungsbauwerk aus den 70er Jahren. Überdacht wird das neue Airside Center durch ein fugenloses Raumfachwerk aus Stahlhohlprofilen. Der entstehende Raum ist auf allen Seiten verglast.Dieser Beitrag beschreibt den Entwurfsprozeß von der architektonischen Idee hin zur Tragwerksidee, den Tragwerksentwurf sowie Berechnung und Detaillierung. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Neurological outcome of children who were treated for fetal tachycardia complicated by hydrops
Authors: Oudijk M. A. , Gooskens R. H. J. M. , Stoutenbeek P. , de Vries L. S. , Visser G. H. A. , Meijboom E. J. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractObjectiveFetal tachycardia is a condition associated with congestive heart failure and development of fetal hydrops, which may result in neurological morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to investigate the long‐term outcome of hydropic fetuses.MethodsThis was a retrospective study on cognitive and neurological functioning of 11 infants, aged 6 months to 12 years, who experienced fetal tachycardia complicated by hydrops.ResultsSeven fetuses had supraventricular tachycardia (SVT), three had atrial flutter (AF) and one had ventricular tachycardia (VT). Nine fetuses converted to sinus rhythm within a mean time of 8.2 days of presentation; resolution of hydrops was achieved in six of these patients in a mean time of 8.8 days. Mean gestational age (GA) at birth was 35 + 4 weeks. Neonatal cranial ultrasound was normal in seven infants and all but one of these were normal at follow‐up: one infant who initially had no abnormalities developed multiple cerebral lesions as a result of a malignant long QT syndrome (LQTS) and died at the age of 2 years. Three infants had periventricular echogenicity (PVE) on neonatal cranial ultrasound, associated with a pseudocyst in one infant. The remaining infant showed a parenchymal hemorrhage of antenatal onset, seen as a porencephalic cyst at birth. One of these infants was normal at follow‐up, one died 2 days after birth and two infants had neurological abnormalities at follow‐up, consisting of mild hemiplegia with normal cognitive function in one, and a cognitive developmental delay in the other.ConclusionsIn this study, neurological outcome was good in eight out of 11 infants. Initiation of therapy should not be withheld or delayed on the assumption of poor neurological outcome. Copyright © 2004 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Diagnostic accuracy of transvaginal sonography for deep pelvic endometriosis
Authors: Bazot M. , Thomassin I. , Hourani R. , Cortez A. , Darai E. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the accuracy of transvaginal sonography (TVS) for the diagnosis of deep pelvic endometriosis.MethodsIn a prospective study, 142 women with clinical signs of endometriosis underwent TVS followed by surgical and histopathological investigations. The presence and extent of endometriosis involving the uterosacral ligaments, vagina, rectovaginal septum, intestines, bladder and ovaries shown by TVS were compared with surgical and histological findings. The sensitivity, specificity, predictive values and accuracy of TVS for predicting deep pelvic endometriosis were assessed.ResultsOvarian and deep pelvic endometriosis were found by surgery and histology in respectively 83 (58.5%) and 79 (55.6%) of the 142 patients. The sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of TVS for the diagnosis of deep pelvic endometriosis were 78.5%, 95.2%, 95.4% and 77.9%, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of TVS for endometriotic involvement of the uterosacral ligaments, vagina, rectovaginal septum and intestines were 70.6% and 95.9%, 29.4% and 100%, 28.6% and 99.3%, and 87.2% and 96.8%, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of TVS for bladder involvement were 71.4% and 100%, respectively.ConclusionTVS accurately diagnoses intestinal and bladder endometriosis, but is less accurate for uterosacral, vaginal and rectovaginal septum involvement. Copyright © 2004 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hostility, depressive symptoms, and smoking in early adolescence
Authors: Weiss Jie Wu , Mouttapa Michele , Chou Chih‐Ping , Nezami Elahe , Anderson Johnson C. , Palmer Paula H. , Cen Steven , Gallaher Peggy , Ritt‐Olson Anamara , Azen Stanley , Unger Jennifer B. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractUsing logistic and multiple regression, we examined the association between hostility, level of depressive symptoms, and smoking in a sample of 1699 ethnically diverse students in California. Self‐reports were collected twice from each student, at the beginning of the 6th and 7th grade years. Among 6th graders who had not smoked, depressive symptoms and hostility were associated with smoking initiation by the 7th grade. Among those students who had already tried smoking, increases in depressive symptoms and hostility were associated with more frequent smoking. The association between hostility and smoking was stronger for students reporting higher levels of depressive symptoms.
Herring as a major consumer in the Norwegian Sea
Authors: Dommasnes Are , Melle Webjørn , Dalpadado Padmini , Ellertsen Bjørnar 
Published: July 2004

Abstract
Using available information, the authors attempt to calculate the food consumption of the Norwegian Spring Spawning Herring in the Norwegian Sea in the years 1994–1996, and to calculate how much is taken of different prey organisms. Consumption/biomass ratios extracted from literature vary within the range 3.0–7.0. Based on the likely size of the herring stock in the Norwegian Sea and an annual consumption/biomass ratio of 4.5, the consumption in 1994, 1995, and 1996 was calculated to be 31, 40, and 47 million tonnes, respectively. Quantitative data are presented on the presence of different prey categories in herring stomachs in different water masses (Coastal, Coastal/Atlantic, Atlantic, and Atlantic/Arctic, respectively), and the results are used to estimate total consumption of the different prey categories by herring. Based on a consumption/biomass ratio of 4.5, the consumption of copepods in 1994, 1995, and 1996 was calculated to be 19, 24, and 29 million tonnes, respectively, making up 62% of the food consumed as a mean over the 3 years. Corresponding numbers for krill were 1.2, 3.3, and 1.8 million tonnes and 5%, and for amphipods 3.3, 5.2, and 6.6 million tonnes and 13%. The results are compared with the assumed production by the different prey organisms in the areas where the herring feed. For copepods it seems that the consumption by herring is at the same level as the production, but for other prey organisms the production seems to exceed consumption by herring.
Social outcome in early psychosis
Authors: ADDINGTON J. , YOUNG J. , ADDINGTON D. 
Published: July 2004

Background. It has been demonstrated that patients experiencing their first-episode of psychosis have social functioning deficits that are equivalent to those seen in patients with a more chronic course of illness. The purpose of this study is to examine social functioning over the course of the first year after admission to an early psychosis programme.Method. The social functioning of 177 first-episode subjects was assessed on admission and 1 year later and compared with that of 40 non-psychiatric controls. Assessment measures included the Quality of Life Scale (QLS).Results. At the 1-year follow-up there was significant improvement in quality of life. However, even those first-episode patients experiencing a remission from positive symptoms had lower QLS scores than the non-psychiatric controls.Conclusions. These results are encouraging and supportive of early intervention. There is room for more improvement in the application and development of psychological interventions for these young patients.
Randomized controlled trial of brief cognitive behaviour therapy versus treatment as usual in recurrent deliberate self-harm: the POPMACT study
Authors: TYRER P. , THOMPSON S. , SCHMIDT U. , JONES V. , KNAPP M. , DAVIDSON K. , CATALAN J. , AIRLIE J. , BAXTER S. , BYFORD S. , BYRNE G. , CAMERON S. , CAPLAN R. , COOPER S. , FERGUSON B. , FREEMAN C. , FROST S. , GODLEY J. , GREENSHIELDS J. , HENDERSON J. , HOLDEN N. , KEECH P. , KIM L. , LOGAN K. , MANLEY C. , MacLEOD A. , MURPHY R. , PATIENCE L. , RAMSAY L. , DE MUNROZ S. , SCOTT J. , SEIVEWRIGHT H. , SIVAKUMAR K. , TATA P. , THORNTON S. , UKOUMUNNE O. C. , WESSELY S. 
Published: July 2004

Background. We carried out a large randomized trial of a brief form of cognitive therapy, manual-assisted cognitive behaviour therapy (MACT) versus treatment as usual (TAU) for deliberate self-harm.Method. Patients presenting with recurrent deliberate self-harm in five centres were randomized to either MACT or (TAU) and followed up over 1 year. MACT patients received a booklet based on cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) principles and were offered up to five plus two booster sessions of CBT from a therapist in the first 3 months of the study. Ratings of parasuicide risk, anxiety, depression, social functioning and global function, positive and negative thinking, and quality of life were measured at baseline and after 6 and 12 months.Results. Four hundred and eighty patients were randomized. Sixty per cent of the MACT group had both the booklet and CBT sessions. There were seven suicides, five in the TAU group. The main outcome measure, the proportion of those repeating deliberate self-harm in the 12 months of the study, showed no significant difference between those treated with MACT (39%) and treatment as usual (46%) (OR 0·78, 95% CI 0·53 to 1·14, P=0·20).Conclusion. Brief cognitive behaviour therapy is of limited efficacy in reducing self-harm repetition, but the findings taken in conjunctin with the economic evaluation (Byford et al. 2003) indicate superiority of MACT over TAU in terms of cost and effectiveness combined.
World commerce, world politics, world English
Authors: McArthur Tom 
Published: July 2004

In 1995, Ballantine Books published in New York a book by Benjamin R. Barber. Its title was Jihad vs. McWorld, a phrase that would not have made much (any?) sense in 1895, or been easily unpacked even in 1975. It is often in word capsules like these that we see how much a language can change in a century, so as to put Arabic jihad alongside Latin versus while attaching Gaelic Mc (courtesy US fast food) to world, the only bit of original Anglo-Saxon. Barber also provided the subtitle ‘How globalism and tribalism are reshaping the world’, and it is the use of globalism that particularly interests me here. 1995 was a key year for globalization as a label for the worldwide spread of Western and especially US notions and practices relating to trade and technology. On page 23 of his book, Barber says:
[bull ] ‘Welcome to McWorld. There is no activity more intrinsically globalizing than trade, no ideology less interested in nations than capitalism, no challenge to frontiers more audacious than the market.’
Relationship Between Heart Rate Turbulence and Heart Rate, Heart Rate Variability, and Number of Ventricular Premature Beats in Coronary Patients
Authors: CYGANKIEWICZ IWONA , WRANICZ JERZY KRZYSZTOF , BOLINSKA HALINA , ZASLONKA JANUSZ , ZAREBA WOJCIECH 
Published: July 2004

Introduction: Heart rate variability (HRV) illustrates regulation of the heart by the autonomic nervous system whereas heart rate turbulence (HRT) is believed to reflect baroreflex sensitivity. The aim of this study was to determine the association between HRT and HRV parameters and the relationship between HRT parameters and heart rate and number of ventricular premature beats (VPBs) used to calculate HRT parameters. Methods and Results: In 146 patients (117 males and 29 females; mean age 62 years) with coronary artery disease, a 24‐hour ECG Holter monitoring was performed to calculate mean heart rate (RR interval), number of VPBs, time‐ and frequency‐domain HRV parameters and two HRT parameters: turbulence onset (TO) and turbulence slope (TS). Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were performed to evaluate the association between tested parameters. Significant correlation between TS and mean RR interval was observed (r = 0.42; p < 0.001), while no association for TO vs. RR interval was found. TS values were significantly higher in patients with less than 10 VPBs/24 hours than in patients with more frequent VPBs. Significant associations between HRT and HRV parameters were found with TS showing stronger correlation with HRV parameters than TO (r value ranging from 0.35 to 0.62 for TS vs. −0.16 to −0.38 for TO). Conclusion: HRT parameters correlate strongly with HRV parameters indicating that HRT should be considered as a reflection of both baroreceptors response and overall autonomic tone. Heart rate dependence of turbulence slope indicates the need to adjust this parameter for heart rate. (J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, Vol. 15, pp. 731‐737, July 2004)
Automaticity in Mahaim Fibers
Authors: STERNICK EDUARDO BACK , SOSA EDUARDO A. , TIMMERMANS CARL , FILHO FERNANDO E. CRUZ , RODRIGUEZ LUZ‐MARIA , GERKEN LUIZ M. , SCANAVACCA MAURÍCIO I. , FAGUNDES MÁRCIO L. , BUENO SÁVIA C. , VRANDECIC MÁRIO O. , WELLENS HEIN J.J. 
Published: July 2004

Introduction: Automatic rhythms associated with Mahaim fibers usually occur during radiofrequency catheter ablation. The incidence and significance of spontaneous automaticity in Mahaim fibers are unknown. Methods and Results: Spontaneous automatic rhythms were observed in 5 (12.5%) of 40 patients with Mahaim fibers referred for nonpharmacologic therapy because of recurrent episodes of symptomatic tachyarrhythmias, usually antidromic circus movement tachycardia (33/40 patients). Three were female and two were male. Their mean age was 15 ± 7 years compared to 26 ± 13 years of the patients without automaticity (P = 0.09). Three patients had both antidromic tachycardia and asymptomatic spontaneous automatic rhythms recorded during ambulatory ECG (1 patient) or electrophysiologic study (2 patients). In 2 patients, the automatic rhythm triggered antidromic tachycardia. Two other patients had nonsustained repetitive episodes of wide QRS tachycardia due to automaticity arising in the Mahaim fiber, without antidromic tachycardia. All automatic rhythms were abolished by successful catheter ablation of the Mahaim fibers. Conclusion: Spontaneous automaticity occurred in 12.5% of our Mahaim patients and may trigger antidromic tachycardia. Spontaneous automaticity, which is not seen in rapidly conducting accessory pathways, is another argument for the presence of an AV nodal‐like structure in Mahaim fibers. (J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, Vol. 15, pp. 738‐744, July 2004)
Optimization of Atrial Defibrillation with a Dual‐Coil, Active Pectoral Lead System
Authors: RASHBA ERIC J. , SHOROFSKY STEPHEN R. , PETERS ROBERT W. , GOLD MICHAEL R. 
Published: July 2004

Introduction: Atrial defibrillation can be achieved with standard implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) leads, but the optimal shocking configuration is unknown. The objective of this prospective study was to compare atrial defibrillation thresholds (DFTs) with three shocking configurations that are available with standard ICD leads. Methods and Results: This study was a prospective, randomized, paired comparison of shocking configurations on atrial DFTs in 58 patients. The lead system evaluated was a transvenous defibrillation lead with coils in the superior vena cava (SVC) and right ventricular apex (RV) and a left pectoral pulse generator emulator (Can). In the first 33 patients, atrial DFT was measured with the ventricular triad (RV → SVC + Can) and unipolar (RV → Can) shocking pathways. In the next 25 patients, atrial DFT was measured with the ventricular triad and the proximal triad (SVC → RV + Can) configurations. Delivered energy at DFT was significantly lower with the ventricular triad compared to the unipolar configuration (4.7 ± 3.7 J vs 10.1 ± 9.5 J, P < 0.001). Peak voltage and shock impedance also were significantly reduced (P < 0.001). There was no significant difference in DFT energy when the ventricular triad and proximal triad shocking configurations were compared (3.6 ± 3.0 J vs 3.4 ± 2.9 J for ventricular and proximal triad, respectively, P = NS). Although shock impedance was reduced by 13% with the proximal triad (P < 0.001), this effect was offset by an increased current requirement (10%). Conclusion: The ventricular triad is equivalent or superior to other possible shocking pathways for atrial defibrillation afforded by a dual‐coil, active pectoral lead system. Because the ventricular triad is also the most efficacious shocking pathway for ventricular defibrillation, this pathway should be preferred for combined atrial and ventricular defibrillators. (J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, Vol. 15, pp. 790‐794, July 2004)