bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of Swin-Unet for pointer detection and automatic calculation of readings in pointer-type meters
Authors: Zhang Wenbo , Ji Dongsheng , Yang Wen , Zhao Qianchuan , Yang Lina , Zhuoma Caidan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Pointer-type meters are widely used in military, industrial, and aerospace applications. In this paper, we propose a method to automatically calculate the readings of pointer-type meters that exhibits strong robustness to various situations, such as complex backgrounds, tilted meters, blurred images, and meter images with uneven illumination. First, the mask maps of scale and pointers are obtained using the Swin-Unet semantic segmentation network. For the mask map of scale, the Swin Transformer image classification network is used to identify the values of the scale and the coordinates of the centroids of the scale, and for the mask map of the pointer, the least skeleton circle method is proposed to fit the linear equation of the pointer. Second, the influence of the pointer and several adjacent scale on the meter reading is considered, and the weighted angle method (WAM) is proposed to calculate the meter reading. In order to verify the robustness of the algorithm in this paper, the pointer detection method is compared with the traditional pointer detection method, and it is found that the pointer detection method in this paper works better, and the pointer detection algorithm in this paper is applied to different semantic segmentation results, and it is verified that the pointer detection algorithm in this paper can be well adapted to different semantic segmentation results. This paper also compares the proposed algorithm with the existing meter reading calculation methods. The experiments show that using WAM on uncorrected meter images reduces the error by 30% compared with the traditional angle method, and using WAM on corrected meter images reduces the error by about 50%, which finally verifies the effectiveness of the algorithm in this paper.
Research on a system for the diagnosis and localization of conveyor belt deviations in belt conveyors
Authors: Wu Lei , Li Junxia , Zhang Hongyu , Zhang Wei , Huang Shuai 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
To address the shortcomings of existing conveyor belt deviation detection methods, such as the small detection range and slow detection speed, a method that utilizes machine vision technology to detect belt deviations in belt conveyors is proposed. A track-type inspection robot was used to collect real-time running images of a conveyor belt; Wiener filtering was carried out, grayscale processing was used, Canny edge detection, Hough transform and least squares fitting operations were used to extract the straight lines of the edges of the conveyor belt, and the offset from the straight lines of the conveyor belt under normal running conditions was calculated. To address the cumulative error problem caused by the long time and long distance in the process of locating the wheel odometer, a joint localization technology that used radio frequency identification (RFID) and a wheel odometer was proposed, and the error correction was carried out for a rotary encoder by using the RFID technology. The experimental results demonstrate that the detection method achieved a detection accuracy of over 92.1% with a detection speed of up to 31 FPS. This method enables the fast and precise identification of conveyor belt deviations, and it satisfies the requirements for real-time detection for belt conveyors. The location accuracy of the localization system that combined RFID and a wheel odometer was able to reach the centimeter level, and the system could accurately locate the positions of belt deviations. This is of vital significance for ensuring safety and efficiency in production by enterprises.
An image fusion-based method for recovering the 3D shape of roll surface defects
Authors: Xu Ji , Xu Feng , Lou Chenxukun , Zhang Liping , Guo Hun , Zuo Dunwen 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Most of the existing studies on roll surface defects focus on qualitative detection and lack quantitative analysis, while the commonly used methods for detecting the three-dimensional shape of small objects such as defects are the stylus method, laser scanning method, and structured light scanning method, but these methods are difficult to accurately measure the complex defect variations on the roll surface. In this paper, we propose a method for recovering the 3D shape of roll surface defects based on image fusion. The traditional 3D reconstruction problem is transformed into a 2D image fusion problem using a focusing method. The non-subsampled shear wave transform is used as the base algorithm for image fusion, combined with an enhanced fusion strategy called modified multi-state pulse-coupled neural network to obtain a fully focused image. The method achieves 3D shape recovery of defects by modeling the relationship between the defect depth, the fully focused image, and the original image. To evaluate the performance of the method, experiments were carried out using data involving craters and scratches on the roll surface. This method significantly improves the quality of defect detection images, with a 98% better gradient and a 28% increase in overall image quality. Additionally, it keeps 3D reconstruction errors under 4%, ensuring high accuracy and noise resistance.
Electromagnetic force behavior of superconducting bulks passing electromagnetic turnout
Authors: Peng Can , Wang Xuanbo , Zhou Xucheng , Lei Wuyang , Liu Xiaoning , Gerasimenko Anastasiia A , Deng Zigang 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
High temperature superconducting (HTS) Maglev is a promising technology owing to its excellent electromagnetic properties of non-control stability and frictionless. As a critical component of HTS Maglev, the turnout poses challenges due to the use of the permanent magnet guideways (PMGs) that are difficult to switch mechanically. With simple structure and rapid responsiveness, electromagnetic turnout has become an interesting research field of HTS Maglev. The electromagnetic turnout is designed to control the electromagnetic force of the HTS bulks by adjusting the magnetic field using an electromagnetic-permanent magnetic structure. However, the magnetic field generated by the combination of the electromagnet and the PMs inevitably differs from the magnetic field above the PMGs, affecting the electromagnetic force behavior of the HTS bulks. To guarantee optimal performance of the electromagnetic turnout, the variation process of the magnetic field peak above the turnout is analyzed. Furthermore, a three-dimensional superconducting model based on the
H
-formulation and motion equation is built to obtain the electromagnetic force of the HTS bulks passing the turnout. It’s concluded that higher cooling heights in the preparation and higher working heights in the turnout area are recommended to reduce the magnetic resistance and avoid the destabilizing effect. In addition, the smaller bulks experience greater resistance, and the longer bulks are prone to nodding, while the wider bulks are prone to shaking above the turnout. Properly matching HTS bulks with operating conditions improves electromagnetic force behavior and benefits HTS Maglev turnout passability.
Coherent manipulation of nuclear spins in the strong driving regime
Authors: Yudilevich Dan , Salhov Alon , Schaefer Ido , Herb Konstantin , Retzker Alex , Finkler Amit 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Spin-based quantum information processing makes extensive use of spin-state manipulation. This ranges from dynamical decoupling of nuclear spins in quantum sensing experiments to applying logical gates on qubits in a quantum processor. Fast manipulation of spin states is highly desirable for accelerating experiments, enhancing sensitivity, and applying elaborate pulse sequences. Strong driving using intense radio-frequency (RF) fields can, therefore, facilitate fast manipulation and enable broadband excitation of spin species. In this work, we present an antenna for strong driving in quantum sensing experiments and theoretically address challenges of the strong driving regime. First, we designed and implemented a micron-scale planar spiral RF antenna capable of delivering intense fields to a sample. The planar antenna is tailored for quantum sensing experiments using the diamond’s nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center and should be applicable to other solid-state defects. The antenna has a broad bandwidth of 22 MHz, is compatible with scanning probes, and is suitable for cryogenic and ultrahigh vacuum conditions. We measure the magnetic field induced by the antenna and estimate a field-to-current ratio of

113
±
16

G/A, representing a six-fold increase in efficiency compared to the state-of-the-art, crucial for cryogenic experiments. We demonstrate the antenna by driving Rabi oscillations in 1H spins of an organic sample on the diamond surface and measure 1H Rabi frequencies of over 500 kHz, i.e.

π

-pulses shorter than 1

μ

s

—an order of magnitude faster than previously reported in NV-based nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Finally, we discuss the implications of driving spins with a field tilted from the transverse plane in a regime where the driving amplitude is comparable to the spin-state splitting, such that the rotating wave approximation does not describe the dynamics well. We present a simple recipe to optimize pulse fidelity in this regime based on a phase and offset-shifted sine drive, which may be optimized in situ without numerical optimization procedures or precise modeling of the experiment. We consider this approach in a range of driving amplitudes and show that it is particularly efficient in the case of a tilted driving field. The results presented here constitute a foundation for implementing fast nuclear spin control in various systems.
Study on the acoustic performance of bending metasurface with ultra-thin broadband quasi-perfect sound absorption
Authors: Cheng Baozhu , Zeng QiuYu , Liu Yang , Weng Jiansong , Li Bin , Hou Hong 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In order to achieve low-frequency broadband noise control under subwavelength thickness, this paper established a theoretical model for calculating the sound absorption coefficient of curled acoustic metasurface (CAM) composed of embedded hole, equal width curled channel, and gradient width curled channel, which is based on the thermal viscosity equivalent model and impedance equivalent model. Considering the over resistance effect caused by multi-unit composite structure, a multi-parameter control strategy was used to design bending acoustic metasurface (BAM) units for perfect sound absorption at four discrete frequencies of 546 Hz, 563 Hz, 585 Hz, and 601 Hz, which is based on the complex frequency plane method. and the thicknesses of these unites are only

λ
/

52

(1.2 cm). The broadband and efficient sound absorption effect of the four parallel composite BAM units was theoretically studied. The simulation and experiment verified that the composite BAM not only achieved perfect sound absorption at 573 Hz with a subwavelength thickness of 12 mm, but also had an efficient sound absorption(α > 0.8) frequency band of 512Hz-621Hz, with a bandwidth up to 109 Hz. The research in this paper provides a certain theoretical basis for the design of low-frequency broadband compact acoustic structures, and has certain reference value for low-frequency broadband noise control.
General relativity in a nutshell I
Authors: Pinochet Jorge 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Einstein’s general relativity is the best available theory of gravity. In recent years, spectacular proofs of Einstein’s theory have been conducted, which have aroused interest that goes far beyond the narrow circle of specialists. The aim of this work is to offer an elementary introduction to general relativity. In this first part, we introduce the geometric concepts that constitute the basis of Einstein’s theory. In the second part we will use these concepts to explore the curved spacetime geometry of general relativity.
Model-independent reconstruction of the interacting dark energy kernel: Binned and Gaussian process
Authors: Escamilla Luis A. , Akarsu Özgür , Di Valentino Eleonora , Vazquez J. Alberto 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The cosmological dark sector remains an enigma, offering numerous possibilities for exploration.
One particularly intriguing option is the (non-minimal) interaction scenario between dark matter and dark energy. In this paper, to investigate this scenario, we have implemented Binned and Gaussian model-independent
reconstructions for the interaction kernel alongside the equation of state; while using data from BAOs,
Pantheon+ and Cosmic Chronometers.
In addition to the reconstruction process, we conducted a model selection to analyze how our
methodology performed against the standard ΛCDM model. The results revealed a slight indication, of at least 1σ confidence level, for some oscillatory dynamics in the interaction kernel and, as a by-product, also in the DE and DM. A consequence of this outcome is the possibility of a sign change in the direction of the energy transfer between DE and DM and a possible transition from a negative DE energy density in early-times to a positive one at late-times.

While our reconstructions provided a better fit to the data compared to the standard model, the Bayesian
Evidence showed an intrinsic penalization due to the extra degrees of freedom.
Nevertheless these reconstructions could be used as a basis for other physical models with lower
complexity but similar behavior.
Chaos in a tunneling universe
Authors: Bojowald Martin , Gluckman Ari 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A recent quasiclassical description of a tunneling universe model is
shown to exhibit chaotic dynamics by an analysis of fractal dimensions in the
plane of initial values. This result relies on non-adiabatic features of the
quantum dynamics, captured by new quasiclassical methods. Chaotic dynamics in
the early universe, described by such models, implies that a larger set of
initial values of an expanding branch can be probed.
Evolution of N = 20, 28, 50 shell closures in the 20 ≤ Z ≤ 30 region in deformed relativistic Hartree-Bogoliubov theory in continuum*
Authors: Zheng 郑 Ru-You 茹尤 , Sun 孙 Xiang-Xiang 向向 , Shen 申 Guo-fang 国防 , Geng 耿 Li-Sheng 立升 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Magicity, or shell closure, plays an important role in our understanding of complex nuclear phenomena. In this work, we employ one of the state-of-the-art density functional theories, the deformed relativistic Hartree-Bogoliubov theory in continuum (DRHBc) with the density functional PC-PK1, to investigate the evolution of the

shell closures in the

region. We show how these three conventional shell closures evolve from the proton drip line to the neutron drip line by studying the charge radii, two-neutron separation energies, two-neutron gaps, quadrupole deformations, and single-particle levels. In particular, we find that in the

region, the

shell closure disappears or becomes quenched, mainly due to the deformation effects. Similarly, both experimental data and theoretical predictions indicate that the

shell closure disappears in the Mn isotopic chain, mainly due to the deformation effects. The DRHBc theory predicts the existence of the

shell closure in the Ca, Sc, and Ti isotopic chains, but the existing data for the Ti isotopes suggest the contrary, and therefore further research is needed.
Overview of tritium retention in divertor tiles and dust particles from the JET tokamak with the ITER-like wall
Authors: Torikai Y. , Kikuchi G. , Owada A. , Masuzaki S. , Otsuka T. , Ashikawa N. , Yajima M. , Tokitani M. , Oya Y. , Lee S.E. , Hatano Y. , Asakura N. , Hayashi T. , Oyaidzu M. , Likonen J. , Widdowson A. , Rubel M. ,   JET Contributors
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Divertor tiles after Joint European Torus-ITER like wall (JET-ILW) campaigns and dust collected after JET-C and JET-ILW operation were examined by a set of complementary techniques (full combustion and radiography) to determine the total, specific and areal tritium activities, poloidal tritium distribution in the divertor and the presence of that isotope in individual dust particles. In the divertor tiles, the majority of tritium is detected in the surface region and, the areal activities in the ILW divertor are in the 0.5–12 kBq cm−2 range. The activity in the ILW dust is associated mainly with the presence of carbon particles being a legacy from the JET-C operation. The total tritium activities show significant differences between the JET operation with ILW and the earlier phase with the carbon wall (JET-C) indicating that tritium retention has been significantly decreased in the operation with ILW.
Characterization of a 220Rn source for low-energy electronic recoil calibration of the XENONnT detector
Authors: Jörg Florian , Li Shengchao , Schreiner Jochen , Simgen Hardy , Lang Rafael F. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Low-background liquid xenon detectors are utilized in the
investigation of rare events, including dark matter and neutrinoless
double beta decay. For their calibration, gaseous 220Rn can be
used. After being introduced into the xenon, its progeny isotope
212Pb induces homogeneously distributed, low-energy
(<30 keV) electronic recoil interactions. We report on the
characterization of such a source for use in the XENONnT
experiment. It consists of four commercially available 228Th
sources with an activity of 55 kBq. These sources provide a high
220Rn emanation rate of about 8 kBq. We find no indication for
the release of the long-lived 228Th above 1.7 mBq. Though an
unexpected 222Rn emanation rate of about 3.6 mBq is observed,
this source is still in line with the requirements for the XENONnT
experiment.
Artificial Intelligence (AI) adaptation: Analysis of determinants among Small to Medium-sized Enterprises (SME’s)
Authors: Ingalagi Sanjeev S , Mutkekar R R , Kulkarni P M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Implementation of Artificial Intelligences changes the way of doing business in small and medium enterprises. The determinants for success or failures for implementation of artificial intelligences systems in small firms remain very unclear in India. Hence, the paper attempts to analyse various perceptive of AI implementations from a management point of view. Data analysis was carried out of 167 small and medium firms located in Karnataka state (India) from two tier towns. Existing literature review revealed top management’s commitment, organisational readiness, external support, employee adoption and competitive pressure influence adoption of artificial intelligence technologies substantially. The study confirms influences of AI technology in small and medium firm’s management. Clear understanding of drivers for AI implementation helps managers and owners of SMEs to take up appropriate initiatives. The results provide assorted perceptive to AI services providers to integrate business proposals for small and medium enterprises needs.
Modification of streamer-to-leader transition model based on radial thermal expansion in the sphere-plane gap discharge at high altitude
Authors: GENG 耿 Jianghai 江海 , LIN 林 Guo 果 , WANG 王 Ping 平 , DING 丁 Yujian 玉剑 , DING 丁 Yang 杨 , YU 俞 Hua 华 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Historically, streamer-to-leader transition studies mainly focused on the rod-plane gap and low altitude analysis, with limited attention paid to the sphere-plane gap at high altitude analysis. In this work, sphere-plane gap discharge tests were carried out under the gap distance of 5 m at the Qinghai Ultra High Voltage (UHV) test base at an altitude of 2200 m. The experiments measured the physical parameters such as the discharge current, electric field intensity and instantaneous optical power. The duration of the dark period and the critical charge of streamer-to-leader transition were obtained at high altitude. Based on radial thermal expansion of the streamer stem, we established a modified streamer-to-leader transition model of the sphere-plane gap discharge at high altitude, and calculated the stem temperature, stem radii and the duration of streamer-to-leader transition. Compared with the measured duration of sphere-plane electrode discharge at an altitude of 2200 m, the error rate of the modified model was 0.94%, while the classical model was 6.97%, demonstrating the effectiveness of the modified model. From the comparisons and analysis, several suggestions are proposed to improve the numerical model for further quantitative investigations of the leader inception.
Invisible Stripes? A Field Experiment on the Disclosure of a Criminal Record in the British Labour Market and the Potential Effects of Introducing Ban-The-Box Policies
Authors: Rovira Marti 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Labour market discrimination against individuals with criminal records may be unfair, ineffective and counterproductive. This article describes a field experiment designed to indicate whether job applicants disclosing a criminal record in the British labour market have a lower probability of success than equivalent applicants not disclosing criminal records. The research also provides insights into the potential effects of introducing a Ban-The-Box (BTB) policy in the United Kingdom, which would prohibit questions on prior convictions in the first stages of the recruitment process. The results confirm the existence of criminal record discrimination and suggest that introducing a BTB policy would increase job prospects for White applicants with criminal records, but not for members of ethnic minorities.
Deciphering the impact of coding and non-coding SCN1A gene variants on RNA splicing
Authors: Sparber Peter , Sharova Margarita , Davydenko Ksenia , Pyankov Denis , Filatova Alexandra , Skoblov Mikhail 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Variants that disrupt normal pre-mRNA splicing are increasingly being recognized as a major cause of monogenic disorders. The SCN1A gene, a key epilepsy gene that is linked to various epilepsy phenotypes, is no exception. Approximately 10% of all reported variants in the SCN1A gene are designated as splicing variants, with many located outside of the canonical donor and acceptor splice sites, and most have not been functionally investigated. However, given its restricted expression pattern, functional analysis of splicing variants in the SCN1A gene could not be routinely performed. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of all reported SCN1A variants and their potential to impact SCN1A splicing and conclude that splicing variants are substantially misannotated and under-represented.
We created a splicing reporter system consisting of 18 splicing vectors covering all 26 protein-coding exons with different genomic contexts and several promoters of varying strengths in order to reproduce the wild-type splicing pattern of the SCN1A gene, revealing cis-regulatory elements essential for proper recognition of SCN1A exons. Functional analysis of 95 SCN1A variants was carried out, including all 68 intronic variants reported in the literature, located outside of the splice sites canonical dinucleotides; 21 exonic variants of different classes (synonymous, missense, nonsense and in-frame deletion) and six variants observed in patients with epilepsy. Interestingly, almost 20% of tested intronic variants had no influence on SCN1A splicing, despite being reported as causative in the literature. Moreover, we confirmed that the majority of predicted exonic variants affect splicing unravelling their true molecular mechanism. We used functional data to perform genotype-phenotype correlation, revealing distinct distribution patterns for missense and splice-affecting ‘missense’ variants and observed no difference in the phenotype severity of variants leading to in-frame and out-of-frame isoforms, indicating that the Nav1.1 protein is highly intolerant to structural variations.
Our work demonstrates the importance of functional analysis in proper variant annotation and provides a tool for high-throughput delineation of splice-affecting variants in SCN1A in a whole-gene manner.