bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Copepod egg production estimates are biased by female mortality
Authors: Kimmerer Wim J. , Slaughter Anne M. , Ignoffo Toni R. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractEgg production rate (EPR, eggs ♀−1d−1) is a key measure of the nutritional state of metazoans such as copepods. Chlorophyll concentration is most often used to index responses of copepod vital rates to ambient food, but the fits to EPR are often poor. A known but unexplored bias in EPR estimates is the interaction between lifetime reproductive schedules of adult females and their mortality. We examined this interaction for Pseudodiaptomus forbesi, an abundant sac‐spawning calanoid copepod, in the San Francisco Estuary (SFE), USA. The reproductive schedule of P. forbesi comprises a latent period followed by a generally steady rate of clutch production. We used a Bayesian approach to analyze data from two studies which included 141 individual estimates of proportion ovigerous, eggs per clutch, and mortality from 28 sampling events. Proportion ovigerous contributed 95% of the variation in EPR. Mortality was 0.01–0.73 d−1 by one method and ~ 20% higher by another. When mortality was high, most females were young, few were past the latent stage, and ~ 25% were ovigerous. Proportion ovigerous up to 75% occurred only with mortality > ~0.1 d−1. Adjusting for mortality increased estimates of proportion ovigerous by 3%–88% (median 36%) and allowed for a relationship with chlorophyll, which could not be fitted to the raw data. However, the adjustments increased uncertainty. Given the large effort required, we recommend that others investigate this phenomenon for other species and environments before this adjustment should be recommended for estimating copepod egg production.
Depredation rates and spatial overlap between Great Hammerheads and Tarpon in a recreational fishing hot spot
Authors: Casselberry Grace A. , Skomal Gregory B. , Griffin Lucas P. , Brownscombe Jacob W. , Filous Alex , Holder Peter E. , Dello Russo Joseph , Morgan Campbell , Kneebone Jeff , Adams Aaron J. , Cooke Steven J. , Danylchuk Andy J. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective
Shark depredation, the full or partial consumption of a hooked fish by a shark before it is landed, is an increasing source of human–wildlife conflict in recreational fisheries. Reports of shark depredation in the catch-and-release Tarpon (also known as Atlantic Tarpon) Megalops atlanticus fishery in the Florida Keys are increasing, specifically in Bahia Honda, a recreational fishing hot spot and a putative Tarpon prespawning aggregation site.

Methods
Using visual surveys of fishing in Bahia Honda, we quantified depredation rates and drivers of depredation. With acoustic telemetry, we simultaneously tracked 51 Tarpon and 14 Great Hammerheads (also known as Great Hammerhead Sharks) Sphyrna mokarran, the most common shark to depredate Tarpon, to quantify residency and spatial overlap in Bahia Honda.

Result
During the visual survey, 394 Tarpon were hooked. The combined observed shark depredation and immediate postrelease predation rate was 15.3% for Tarpon that were fought longer than 5 min. Survival analysis and decision trees showed that depredation risk was highest in the first 5–12 min of the fight and on the outgoing current. During the spawning season, Great Hammerheads shifted their space use in Bahia Honda to overlap with Tarpon core use areas. Great Hammerheads restricted their space use on the outgoing current when compared to the incoming current, which could drive increased shark–angler interactions.

Conclusion
Bahia Honda has clear ecological importance for both Tarpon and Great Hammerheads as a prespawning aggregation and feeding ground. The observed depredation mortality and postrelease predation mortality raise conservation concerns for the fishery. Efforts to educate anglers to improve best practices, including reducing fight times and ending a fight prematurely when sharks are present, will be essential to increase Tarpon survival and reduce shark–angler conflict.
Spatial analysis of fishing tows with Automatic Identification System (AIS) data to inform offshore wind layouts
Authors: Drew Stephen , Wolterding Martin , Rawson Andrew , Drew Jason 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective
The coexistence of fisheries and offshore wind depends in part on the feasibility of fishing within turbine arrays. This paper explores the value of the Automatic Identification System (AIS) to measure tows of commercial trawl and dredge vessels as quantitative indications of their spatial characteristics to inform offshore wind assessments.

Methods
Public records from the AIS provide objective, detailed data supporting the measurement of fishing tows from recent years. Patterns and dimensions were examined from 45 trawl and dredge trips of 35 vessels.

Result
Although vessels spread some trips over large areas, they also make multiple passes in swaths as narrow as 0.3 nautical miles (NM). Turns are made by towing the gear through an arc ranging from 0.2 NM to more than 1 NM in diameter or by hauling gear to the boat and turning in less than 0.1 NM. These practices are confirmed by fishing captains.

Conclusion
These objective data from actual fishing trips could be valuable in considering the feasibility of fishing in wind farms and planning appropriate layouts. This first effort provides too small a sample to be considered representative, but it may demonstrate the concepts and encourage further research. Techniques could be refined and extended to other regions and activities, as expanding marine interests share limited space.
What drives consumers' intention to purchase self‐driving cars
Authors: Wang Yu‐Min , Chiu Wan‐Ching , Wei Chung‐Lun , Wang Hsing‐Hsien , Yang Jih‐Hua , Wang Yi‐Shun 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis study endeavors to examine the factors influencing consumers' intentions to purchase self‐driving cars. The data collected from 174 respondents underwent analysis using the partial least squares technique. The findings reveal that relative advantage, compatibility, trialability, and observability significantly impact consumer attitudes. Additionally, consumer attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control were identified as significant influencers of the intention to purchase a self‐driving car. Furthermore, achievement vanity was observed to moderate the effect of observability on consumer attitude. These results offer critical theoretical insights and practical implications for the adoption of self‐driving cars.
Urinary incontinence in middle‐aged and older women with hip and knee osteoarthritis: An outpatient study of frequency and risk factors
Authors: de Melo Gisele A. S. C. , Fernandes Vanessa de O. , Costa Henrique Silveira , Lacerda Ana Cristina Rodrigues , Nobre Luciana N. , F. de M. Vitorino Débora , de Carvalho Bastone Alessandra 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAimsTo investigate the frequency and the factors associated with urinary incontinence (UI) in a sample of middle‐aged and older women with lower limb osteoarthritis (OA).MethodsWomen aged 50 years or older with clinical hip/knee OA diagnoses were recruited for this cross‐sectional study. Self‐reported UI and type, sociodemographic characteristics, medical conditions, physical activity level, anthropometric and body composition measurements, muscle strength, and physical function were assessed. Uni and multivariable logistic regression were used to investigate the factors associated with UI.ResultsAmong 100 middle‐aged and older women (mean 67.27 ± 8.77 SD years), 67% reported UI. In the UI group, 33% reported stress UI, 36% reported urgency UI, and 31% reported mixed UI. In the univariate analysis, age, level of physical activity, pulmonary disease, number of medications, body mass index (BMI), number of deliveries, and activity limitation were significantly associated with UI. In the multivariable analysis, older age (60−69 years OR: 4.91, 95% CI: 1.25−19.36; ≥70 years OR: 8.06, 95% CI: 1.96−33.22), compared to 50−59 years, morbid obesity (OR: 14.10, 95% CI: 1.36−146.48), compared to BMI < 30 kg/m2, and activity limitation (OR: 5.31, 95% CI: 1.61−17.54), assessed as short physical performance battery ≤8, remained significantly associated with UI.ConclusionsUI was highly frequent among middle‐aged and older women with hip/knee OA. Older age, activity limitation, and morbid obesity were independently associated with UI. Interventions targeting physical function and weight management must be considered to prevent and treat UI in this population.
Cold exposure modulates potential brown adipokines in humans, but only FGF21 is associated with brown adipose tissue volume
Authors: Mendez‐Gutierrez Andrea , Aguilera Concepcion M. , Cereijo Rubén , Osuna‐Prieto Francisco J. , Martinez‐Tellez Borja , Rico Maria C. , Sanchez‐Infantes David , Villarroya Francesc , Ruiz Jonatan R. , Sanchez‐Delgado Guillermo 
Published: January 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe study objective was to investigate the effect of cold exposure on the plasma levels of five potential human brown adipokines (chemokine ligand 14 [CXCL14], growth differentiation factor 15 [GDF15], fibroblast growth factor 21 [FGF21], interleukin 6 [IL6], and bone morphogenic protein 8b [BMP8b]) and to study whether such cold‐induced effects are related to brown adipose tissue (BAT) volume, activity, or radiodensity in young humans.MethodsPlasma levels of brown adipokines were measured before and 1 h and 2 h after starting an individualized cold exposure in 30 young adults (60% women, 21.9 ± 2.3 y; 24.9 ± 5.1 kg/m2). BAT volume, 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose uptake, and radiodensity were assessed by a static positron emission tomography‐computerized tomography scan after cold exposure.ResultsCold exposure increased the concentration of CXCL14 (Δ2h = 0.58 ± 0.98 ng/mL; p = 0.007), GDF15 (Δ2h = 19.63 ± 46.2 pg/mL; p = 0.013), FGF21 (Δ2h = 33.72 ± 55.13 pg/mL; p = 0.003), and IL6 (Δ1h = 1.98 ± 3.56 pg/mL; p = 0.048) and reduced BMP8b (Δ2h = −37.12 ± 83.53 pg/mL; p = 0.022). The cold‐induced increase in plasma FGF21 was positively associated with BAT volume (Δ2h: β = 0.456; R2 = 0.307; p = 0.001), but not with 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose uptake or radiodensity. None of the changes in the other studied brown adipokines was related to BAT volume, activity, or radiodensity.ConclusionsCold exposure modulates plasma levels of several potential brown adipokines in humans, whereas only cold‐induced changes in FGF21 levels are associated with BAT volume. These findings suggest that human BAT might contribute to the circulatory pool of FGF21.
Dietary intake and visceral adiposity in older adults: The Multiethnic Cohort Adiposity Phenotype study
Authors: Merritt Melissa A. , Lim Unhee , Lampe Johanna W. , Kaenkumchorn Tanyaporn , Boushey Carol J. , Wilkens Lynne R. , Shepherd John A. , Ernst Thomas , Le Marchand Loïc 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundThere are established links between the accumulation of body fat as visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and the risk of developing obesity‐associated metabolic disease. Previous studies have suggested that levels of intake of specific foods and nutrients are associated with VAT accumulation after accounting for total energy intake.ObjectiveThis study assessed associations between a priori selected dietary factors on VAT quantified using abdominal magnetic resonance imaging.MethodsThe cross‐sectional Multiethnic Cohort Adiposity Phenotype Study included n = 395 White, n = 274 Black, n = 269 Native Hawaiian, n = 425 Japanese American and n = 358 Latino participants (mean age = 69 years ± 3 SD). Participants were enrolled stratified on sex, race, ethnicity and body mass index. General linear models were used to estimate the mean VAT area (cm2) for participants categorized into quartiles based on their dietary intake of selected foods/nutrients adjusting for age, sex, racial and ethnic groups, the total percentage fat from whole‐body dual energy X‐ray absorptiometry and total energy.ResultsThere were significant inverse associations with VAT for dietary intake of total vegetables, total fruits (including juice), cereals, whole grains, calcium, copper and dietary fiber (p‐trend ≤0.04). Positive trends were observed for VAT for participants who reported higher intake of potatoes, total fat and saturated fatty acids (SFA) (p‐trend ≤0.02). Foods/nutrients that met the multiple testing significance threshold were total fruits, whole grains, copper, dietary fiber and SFA intake.ConclusionsThese results highlight foods and nutrients including SFA, total fruit, whole grains, fiber and copper as potential candidates for future research to inform dietary guidelines for the prevention of chronic disease among older adults.
Human–wildlife coexistence on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau: The correlation between Tibetan Buddhist monasteries and avian community composition
Authors: Wangjie Gesang , Lou Yingqiang , Song Kai , Li Xinhai , Fang Yun , Hou Jianhua , Sun Yuehua 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Tibetan Buddhist monasteries are widely distributed throughout the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau and are significant locations for human–wildlife coexistence. Given the significance of their historical and contemporary social influence, it is crucial to ascertain whether there exists a non‐negligible correlation between these monasteries and their surrounding wildlife. In contrast to sacred mountains and lakes, there have been few studies that have examined the relationship between Tibetan Buddhist monasteries and wildlife communities.

Using birds as a model ecological community, generalized mixed effect models (GLMM) were employed to examine relationships between the presence of Tibetan Buddhist monasteries and the number of individuals (relative abundance), avian species richness and diversity, using data from bird‐watching checklists (n = 262) obtained from the China Bird Report. Our models also included landscape‐wide environmental factors, including the ratio of woodland habitat, grassland habitat and open habitats, human footprint index, distance to nearest human occupation (villages), distance to water, altitude, time, presence of monastery and their interactions. Observation time was included as a model covariate.

The presence of Tibetan Buddhist monasteries and the interactions between the presence of monasteries and environmental variables exhibit a significant correlation with the number of individual birds recorded (relative abundance), but not with observed species richness or diversity. Moreover, the relative abundance of birds was found to be significantly higher in areas around monasteries compared to those without monasteries. The abundance of species from eight families, namely Accipitridae, Corvidae, Columbidae, Passeridae, Leiothrichidae, Friningillidae, Musciapidae and Turidae, was significantly positively correlated with the presence of monasteries. Notably, the positive correlation of Accipitridae with the presence of celestial burial grounds around monasteries suggests a relationship between celestial burial practices and Accipitridae abundance at these sites.

Our study reveals a significant positive correlation between Tibetan Buddhist monasteries and aspects of avian community composition in the eastern Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau, thus highlights their potential role in the preservation of avian populations in fragmented landscape habitats. We encourage the government and relevant national parks stakeholders to implement targeted management strategies that take into account the unique patterns of human–wildlife coexistence in these areas, and to leverage the cultural advantages of the region to promote ecological conservation.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Effects of Christian REACH forgiveness intervention to reduce aggressiveness in adolescents with conduct disorder
Authors: Skalski‐Bednarz Sebastian Binyamin 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWhile there have been significant advances in the treatment of conduct disorder (CD), there is still a need to seek and develop therapeutic solutions that can overcome the poor long‐term prognosis. In this evidence‐based research, we evaluated the effect of immediate REACH Forgiveness training on the severity of aggressiveness among adolescents with CD. The purposive sample consisted of 32 Catholics aged 15–18 randomly placed in an experimental or nonintervention control group. Participants in the experimental group were subjected to an immediate REACH Forgiveness session for Christians, which lasted 6 h, while participants in the control group played board games and spent time together in the day care center during this time. The scores obtained by adolescents in the experimental group regarding forgiveness (decisional and emotional) and aggressiveness (anger, physical aggression, verbal aggression, and hostility) improved under REACH Forgiveness training, and these positive effects were still evident 1 month after the intervention (while the control scores did not change in a statistically significant way). The data obtained indicate that the Christian version of REACH can provide important support for other forms of psychopedagogical therapy in adolescent Catholics with CD in reducing aggressive behavior.
Challenges in scaling of IPVD deposited Ta barriers on OSG low‐k films: Carbonization of Ta by CHx radicals generated through VUV‐induced decomposition of carbon‐containing groups
Authors: Ryabinkin Alexey N. , Vishnevskiy Alexey S. , Naumov Sergej , Serov Alexander O. , Maslakov Konstantin I. , Seregin Dmitry S. , Vorotyntsev Dmitry A. , Pal Alexander F. , Rakhimova Tatyana V. , Vorotilov Konstantin A. , Baklanov Mikhail R. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe effect of vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) radiation during ionized physical vapor deposition (IPVD) of tantalum barriers on various porous organosilicate glass low‐k SiCOH films is studied using advanced diagnostics and quantum chemical calculations. VUV photons break the Si–C bonds, releasing hydrocarbon radicals from the pore surfaces. These radicals, trapped in pores that are partially sealed by tantalum deposition, can either react with tantalum to form carbide‐like compounds, TaCx, or be redeposited in the pores as CHx polymers. This is evidenced by a decrease in CH3 groups that correlates with an increase in TaCx. The formation of TaCx poses a significant challenge in the back end of line (BEOL) technology when reducing the barrier thickness.
Magnetic and thermoelectric properties of REMoN3 (RE = La, Ce, Pr, Nd, and Sm): A first‐principles study
Authors: Haq Saeed Ul , Muhammad Raz , Alqorashi Afaf Khadr , Shafiullah Muhammad , Sohail Amir , Laref Amel , Faizan Muhammad 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWe investigated the magnetic and thermoelectric properties of REMoN3 (RE = La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm) perovskites using the full potential linearized augmented plane wave (FP‐LAPW) method. To overcome the problem of underestimation of electronic interaction, we employed the DFT + U approach to accurately map the electronic structure of these compounds. Our study shows an increasing trend in the magnetic moments with the increasing number of unpaired electrons in RE. Among these compounds, SmMoN3 possesses a large magnetic moment, which is suitable for applications such as memory devices and sensors. Interestingly, all these perovskites display ferromagnetic behavior except CeMoN3, which exhibits an antiferromagnetic nature. Furthermore, our analysis indicates n‐type thermoelectric behavior in all these materials. The compound, namely PrMoN3, exhibits a high figure of merit among REMoN3, which can be improved by modifying the lattice sites.
Atmospheric solids analysis probe mass spectrometry: An easy bolt‐on for the synthetic undergraduate teaching laboratory
Authors: Bingham Nathaniel M. , Wright James S. , Mathias Simone C. , Douce David , Sears Patrick 
Published: January 2024

RationaleHigh costs and student numbers can often hinder implementation of mass spectrometry (MS) in the undergraduate teaching laboratory, often with technicians running samples on students' behalf, and the implementation of MS only in discrete or isolated experiments. This study explores the use of atmospheric solids analysis probe MS (ASAP‐MS) as a relatively low‐cost, benchtop instrument, and its potential for application as a ‘bolt‐on’ to existing undergraduate organic chemistry experiments.MethodsThirteen products synthesised in undergraduate laboratory experiments were analysed by ASAP‐MS, along with their starting materials. Analysis was carried out with a Waters RADIAN ASAP mass spectrometer, at four different cone voltages simultaneously to provide fragmentation information.ResultsOut of the 13 undergraduate experiments, ASAP‐MS was shown to be complementary in 11 of these, either through simple analysis of the precursor ion or by a more complex analysis of the fragments.ConclusionsASAP‐MS provided spectra that both complement and enhance intended learning outcomes in existing organic chemistry experiments, showing its versatility as a bolt‐on technique. Moving forward, ASAP‐MS will be integrated into the University of Surrey's undergraduate teaching laboratory.
Hierarchical rule‐base reduction fuzzy control for constant velocity path tracking of a differential steer vehicle
Authors: Dekhterman Samuel R. , Cichon Maxwel T. , Norris William R. , Nottage Dustin , Soylemezoglu Ahmet 
Published: January 2024

AbstractHierarchical rule‐base reduction (HRBR) was used to create a new form of waypoint navigation control for a skid‐steer vehicle, which consists of a multiple input‐single output nonlinear fuzzy angular velocity controller. HRBR enabled an increase in system complexity by only selecting the rules most influential on state errors. The membership functions of the fuzzy controller employed a trapezoidal structure with a completely symmetric rule‐base. The work was motivated by a desire to find the limitations of fuzzy control in terms of accuracy and robustness across environments. To accomplish this, an examination of the proposed controller is completed by employing test courses. The test courses examine the effects of steering disturbance, phase lag, and overshoot. The controller's performance was compared with existing waypoint navigation controllers, pure pursuit, and the Huskić Buck Zell (HBZ) controller. After initial controller development/tuning was completed in the simulation, the controllers were tested outdoors. The HRBR fuzzy was found to outperform the pure pursuit and HBZ in simulation (36.74% and 80.56% improvement in Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) on one course) and on concrete with mixed results on a surface with different dynamics, namely grass (23.13% and 55.64% improvement in RMSE averaging the two on the same course). If a moderate amount of tuning of the fuzzy controller had not been performed in simulation, failure across different environments would be more likely. The present study is important as it illustrates the potential effectiveness of the HRBR for control applications beyond waypoint navigation.