bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dairy Consumption is Associated with Body Composition, Physical Function and Frailty in Community‐Dwelling Older Adults: The Quebec NuAge Longitudinal Study
Authors: Farsijani Samaneh , Payette Hélène , Morais José A. , Shatenstein Bryna , Gaudreau Pierrette , Chevalier Stéphanie 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundDespite the potential contribution of dietary factors to healthy aging, the role of dairy products, as part of the diet, on body composition and physical performance in free‐living older adults has been scarcely studied in longitudinal studies.ObjectivesOur primary aim was to investigate the association between total dairy intake and body composition and physical performance of older adults from the NuAge longitudinal study on Nutrition and Aging. Our secondary objective was to examine the association between dairy intake and frailty at baseline (T0).DesignParticipants (n=1499; aged 67–84y,) were assessed for total dairy consumption (servings/d) (milk, cheese, yogurt and dairy‐based desserts) by 6 nonconsecutive 24‐h food recalls collected over 2 years. Body composition was measured by DXA in a subgroup of subjects (54%) at T0 and after 2‐y (T2). Functional composite scores were calculated for muscle strength (handgrip, arm and leg) and mobility (timed up‐&‐go, chair stand, normal and fast walking speed), measured at T0 and annually thereafter for 3 y. Frailty was defined according to Fried et al. 2001 criteria. Mixed‐model analysis was performed to assess trajectories of body composition and function across time per sex, as conditioned by total dairy intake, adjusted for potential covariates.ResultsConsumption of total and individual dairy products was similar in both sexes, except for high‐fat dairy products and yogurt which were consumed more by men and women, respectively. Higher dairy consumption was independently associated with a higher lean mass (LM) and mobility scores in both sexes, and a better strength score only in men throughout the follow‐up. Interestingly, total dairy intake was inversely associated with fat mass (FM) in women whereas the association was positive in men. Longitudinal declines in LM and functional scores were not associated with dairy consumption. In men, but not in women, the risk of pre‐frailty/frailty was less among high (≥2 servings/d) versus low (<0.6 servings/d) dairy consumers (odds ratio= 0.52; 95% CI=0.30–0.92).ConclusionsOur results indicate that greater dairy consumption is associated with better body composition and function, i.e., two major predictors of frailty in aging. However, further research is required to explore the long‐term benefits of dairy product consumption and its potential causative association with healthy aging.Support or Funding InformationDairy Farmers of Canada.
Glucose, Insulin and Metabolic Response to Soy and Whey Protein among Normal Healthy Weight Indians
Authors: Sucharita S , Cope M , Selvam S , Thomas T , Mukherjea R , Kuriyan R , Kurpad AV 
Published: November 2023

INTRODUCTIONHigh quality dietary protein intake has been linked to the healthy growth and development of lean tissue. Both milk and legumes are recognized as high quality protein sources. However, the acute effect of consumption of different sources and amounts of high quality protein on glucose homeostasis, particularly in South Asian Indians, is unknown. This is relevant in this population group, which has a greater risk of developing diabetes, and a habitually low intake of high quality protein.METHODSThis study investigated the effect of milk (whey) and legume‐based (soy) protein on glucose homeostasis and energy metabolism, among healthy normal weight Indians. The study tested protein type (soy protein vs. whey protein) and dose (15% vs. 30% Energy). Healthy adult males between ages of 20–35 years (n=15) received four test meals in random order. Blood samples were collected at the following time points Basal (−10 and −5 min), and post meal (15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120,180, 240 and 300 min) for glucose and insulin estimations. The incremental area under the curve was measured for plasma glucose and insulin. Energy expenditure and substrate oxidation were measured every 30 minutes for 300 minutes after the meal. Satiety was estimated using visual analogue scale at 0, 10, 40 min, and every half hour thereafter.RESULTSThe incremental area under the curve for plasma insulin was significantly higher for 30% whey compared to 30% soy protein (p<0.01). There was no difference in the insulinogenic response between 15% whey and 15% soy protein (p=0.07). Within a specific protein, only whey protein demonstrated a higher insulin response with a higher dose (p<0.01). There were no differences in plasma glucose across protein source or doses. Satiety and energy expenditure did not differ between protein source and doses.CONCLUSIONAt lower doses, whey and soy protein do not elicit different insulinogenic responses. However, at higher doses whey protein has greater insulinogenic response compared to soy protein, making soy protein a better source for those at greater risk for developing diabetes.Support or Funding InformationDuPont Nutrition & Health
The role of gut microbiota on the metabolism of black tea theaflavins
Authors: Zhang Shuwei , Ohland Christina L , Jobin Christian , Sang Shengmin 
Published: November 2023

The main bioactive polyphenols in black tea are theaflavins, including theaflavin (TF), theaflavin‐3‐gallate (TF3G), theaflavin‐3¢‐gallate (TF3¢G), and theaflavin‐3,3¢‐digallate (TFDG). Theaflavins have been reported as anti‐inflammatory and cancer preventive agents in different in vitro and in vivo models. Because of the poor systemic bioavailability of theaflavins, it is still unclear how these compounds can exert their biological functions. Studies have shown that higher molecular weight polyphenols are metabolized by the microbiota and their metabolites may play an important role in chronic disease prevention. The objective of this study is to identify the microbial metabolites of theaflavins in mice and in humans. Purified TF and TFDG were oral gavaged to specific pathogen free (SPF) mice, germ free (GF) mice, and incubated with human fecal slurries in vitro. Microbial bioconversion was monitored using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) by analyzing the MSn (n = 1–3) spectra. Our results indicated that TFDG can be metabolized by gut microbiota to generate gallic acid, pyrogallol, TF, TF3G, and TF3'G, and TF can be further broke down to small molecular metabolites by gut microbiota. Furthermore, we used selective culturing techniques to probe which bacterial groups are responsible for theaflavins metabolism in vitro. Fecal bacteria from SPF‐born 129SvEv mice were anaerobically cultured on blood agar (non‐selective agar), MacConkey agar (selective for gram‐negatives; G−) and Columbia colistin and nalidixic acid agar (gram‐positives; G+). The cultures were then anaerobically incubated in fermentation media containing theaflavins, and the resulting metabolites were analyzed by LC/MS. Lactobacillus plantarum and Escherichia coli NC101 were similarly assessed for theaflavins fermentation abilities. Our results revealed that the G+ bacteria (including L. plantarum on its own) instead of G− bacteria (including E. coli NC101 on its own) were able to produce these metabolites.Support or Funding InformationThis work was supported by NIH R01 grant AT008623.
Comparison of Methods for Assessing Body Composition in Women
Authors: De Oliveira Mariane Helen , Silva Josilene Cheliga Ferreira , Ferreira Rosemeire Cheliga 
Published: November 2023

Overweight has increased significantly in women. Obesity has shown associated with several disorders such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease and cancers. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the body composition of women through the anthropometry and electrical bio impedance methods. It was a cross‐sectional study with 50 not pregnant women with the average age of 27.58 ± 13.76 years (range 22–35 years). It was evaluated the Body Mass Index (BMI), Waist Circumference (WC), Waist‐to‐Hip Ratio (WHR), body density through the formulas of Durnin and Womersley (1974), Jackson, Pollock and Ward (1980), Petroski (1995), Pollock, Schimidt and Jackson (1980), and the body fat percentage was obtained through the bio impedance analyses (BIO), Body Adiposity Index (BAI), and formula of Siri (1961). The average values obtained were: weight: 68.5 ± 14.23 Kg (range 45.2–104.5Kg); height: 1.61 ± 0.07 m (range 1.45–1.75m); WC: 76.67 ± 8.8 cm (range 57.17–96.5 cm); WHR: 0.75 ± 0.05 (range 0.64–0.88); BMI: 26.38 ± 4.72 Kg/m2 (range 17.4–38.5 Kg/m2). The body fat percentages obtained were by: Durnin and Womersley (1974): 42.67 ± 3.72% (range 3.92–50.12%); Jackson Pollock and Ward (1980): 37.90 ± 5.89% (range 23.27–46.88%); Petroski (1995): 35.52 ± 3.72% (range 24.75–41.65%); Pollock, Schimidt and Jackson (1980): 40.28 ± 5.08% (range 25.44–48.24%); Pollock, Schimidt and Jackson (1980): 37.93% ± 4.62 (range 23.43–43.68); BAI: 32.11 ± 4.72% (range 21.93–44.53) and BIO: 31.87 ± 9.39% (range 3–44.4). The CVD risks were 32% and 72% for WC and WHR methods, respectively. According to BMI 60% has overweight, while that the excess of body fat affects 54% and 66% through the BAI and BIO methods, respectively. It was observed that the BAI was the method with the closest value compared to the BIO. BMI, BAI and skinfold methods of Petroski (1995) and Jackson Pollock and Ward (1980) were the most effective to assess the body composition of the sample. WHR proved to be more accurate to evaluate the CVD risks than isolated WC. It is necessary more studies to validate the use of BAI to access the body composition of the Brazilian population.Support or Funding InformationThis research was supported by the Clinical Nutrition Department of the Faculdades Integradas Coração de Jesus.
Egg White Protein Meals Induce Greater Satiety and Plasma Amino Acids Compared to Wheat Gluten Protein Meals
Authors: Du Kristy , Markus Edward , Fecych Mariel , Beverly J. Lee , Rhodes Justin S , Dailey Megan J 
Published: November 2023

While dietary protein is known to induce greater satiety than fats and carbohydrates, the extent to which the source of protein matters and the mechanisms involved are less certain. This study examined the effect of the level and source of protein on subsequent food intake, metabolism, and changes in plasma amino acids in adult Sprague‐Dawley rats. Rats were entrained to a meal‐feeding schedule consisting of a 30‐minute treatment meal, equivalent to 10–20% of average daily intake, one hour into the dark phase followed by ad libitum access to a control diet for 5.5 hours later in the dark phase. Treatments were 1) 20% wheat gluten, 2) 35% wheat gluten, 3) 20% egg white, and 4) 35% egg white and provided in a randomized crossover design. Energy expenditure and food intake patterns were measured using indirect calorimetry housing system. Rats provided meals containing egg white protein had decreased food intake at the subsequent meal compared to wheat gluten fed rats, regardless of protein level (P<0.005). While energy expenditure did not differ among treatments, respiratory exchange ratio following ingestion of the 35% egg white protein meal was lower than the other treatment meals for several hours following ingestion (P<0.001). In a separate cohort of rats, blood plasma was collected at 30 minute intervals for 2 hours following ingestion of the treatment meals. Analysis of plasma amino acid concentrations revealed greater increases in measured amino acids following ingestion of meals containing egg white protein. Specifically, concentrations of valine and lysine were the largest contributors to the difference observed in plasma amino acids. Overall, these results suggest protein‐induced satiety depends on the protein source. Egg white protein caused greater satiety than wheat gluten protein, corresponding to greater postprandial increases of plasma amino acids. These results collectively highlight the importance of the consideration of protein sources as it relates to controlling appetite.Support or Funding InformationDK082609 awarded to JLB
The Effects of Acute Freeze‐Dried Mango Consumption with a High‐Fat Meal on Post‐Prandial Responses in Healthy Young Adult Males
Authors: O'Hara Crystal , Ojo Babjide , Simenson Ashley , Hermann Janice , Payton Mark , Smith Brenda , Lucas Edralin 
Published: November 2023

Changes in post‐prandial oxidative stress, inflammation, hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia, particularly after a high fat meal, have been implicated in the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). An individual spends approximately 16 hours a day in the postprandial phase, and attenuating the acute responses that occur during this state could be an effective strategy to reducing these risk factors for CVD. Fruits and vegetables have been shown to have numerous health benefits including reducing oxidative stress and inflammation due to the many phytochemicals they contain. One such fruit is mango which contains significant amounts of beta carotene and vitamin C as well as many other nutrients and phenolic compounds such as mangiferin. The aim of this study is to determine if acute mango pulp consumption together with a high fat meal challenge will modulate postprandial responses in healthy young adult males.MethodsIn a cross‐over study design, twenty‐five healthy young adult males (18–25 years old) were asked to consume a typical American breakfast (45% fat) with or without the consumption of freeze‐dried mango pulp (50g given as shake). Blood samples were taken at baseline, 1, 2, and 4 hours after the meal. Anthropometrics, dietary and physical activity, and clinical parameters were assessed.ResultsThere were no significant differences in antioxidant enzymes (GPx, CAT), inflammatory markers (TNF‐α or CRP), lipid parameters (cholesterol, LDL, HDL, TG, or NEFA) at all time points with acute mango consumption. One hour after the meal with mango, plasma glucose (p=0.04) and the antioxidant enzyme SOD (P=0.041) were significantly lower. IL‐6 tended to be lower (p=0.07) four hours after the meal with mango shake. There were no significant differences in area under the curve for any of the assessed parameters.ConclusionAcute mango consumption had modest effects on post‐prandial responses.Support or Funding InformationSupported by OSU College of Human Sciences and a grant from the National Mango Board
The Provision of Ultra‐Processed Foods and their Contribution to Sodium Availability in Australian Long Day Care Centres
Authors: O'Halloran Siobhan A , Lacy Kathleen E , Woods Julie , Grimes Carley A , Campbell Karen J , Nowson Caryl A 
Published: November 2023

ObjectivesTo categorise and assess all food, beverages and ingredients provided over one week at Australian Long Day Care (LDC) centres according to four levels of food processing and to assess the contribution of sodium from each level of processing.DesignCross‐sectionalSettingMenus for lunch, morning and afternoon snacks were collected from LDC centres. The level of food processing of all food, beverage and ingredients were assessed utilising a four level processed food classification system: Minimally Processed (MP), Processed Culinary Ingredients (PCI), Processed (P) and Ultra Processed (ULP).ResultsA total of 35 menus (lunch n = 35, snacks n = 70) provided to 1–5 year old children were collected from seven LDC centres. The proportions of foodstuffs classified as MP, PCI, P and ULP: 54%, 10%, 15% and 21%, respectively. All lunches were classified as MP. Ultra‐processed foods accounted for 6% of morning snacks; 41% of afternoon snacks. The average amount of sodium provided per child/day across all centres: 633 (151) (SD) mg/d. ULP foods provided the most sodium (40%), followed by P foods (35%), MP foods (23%) and PCI (2%).ConclusionOn average, centres provided foods resulting in a total daily sodium content 40–50% less than the recommended Upper Level (UL) of intake for sodium for this age group. The extensive use of MP foods, resulted in provision of low salt foods to this group of pre‐school children, which is likely to assist in maintaining their total daily sodium intake below the UL for dietary sodium.Support or Funding InformationNothing to declare
Synthesis of a novel non‐diuretic, brain‐penetrating, ethacrynic acid analog and demonstration of its potent efficacy in orthotopic glioblastoma (GBM) models
Authors: Madala Hanumantha Rao , Punganuru Surendra Reddy , KALKUNTE SRIVENUGOPAL 
Published: November 2023

The incidence of pediatric and adult brain tumors has continued to rise in the USA and the alkylating agent temozolomide has remained the sole choice in the chemotherapy of these lethal malignancies. Therefore, there is a very urgent need to design new, more effective brain‐penetrating drugs that can significantly advance the survival brain tumor patients. We are highly interested in exploiting the elevated oxidative stress present in gliomas and have synthesized a hydrophobic, non‐diuretic analog of ethacrynic acid (EA) called KSS72 by removing the carboxylate side chain. KSS72 was selectively cytotoxic to cancer cells and pharmacokinetics following intravenous or oral administrations in mice showed its excellent penetrance through the blood‐brain‐barrier, accumulating at levels equivalent to (TMZ) in the brain. In vitro assays measuring protein carbonyl content, GSH content, ROS generation, GSTpi enzyme activity and others showed that KSS72 triggers a redox imbalance by inhibiting GSTpi and by lowering the antioxidant (GSH) and reducing equivalent (NADPH) levels, leading to a significant elevation of ROS levels. We also showed the upregulation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress‐responsive proteins, activation of MAPK, autophagy and apoptotic pathways by KSS72 in several cell lines. In view of its excellent brain penetrance and multiple cytocidal events mediated by ROS, we tested the antitumor efficacy of KSS72 in human GBM cell lines and intracranial GBM xenografts. SF‐188 human GBM cells expressing firefly luciferase were injected into the brain just left of bregma for the development of orthotopic GBM in nude mice. These mice were given 25 mg/kg/day of KSS72 intraperitoneally for 2 weeks. The animals when imaged by IVIS after luciferin injections showed a complete lack of intracranial tumors in all KSS72 administered animals. H&E staining of mouse brain sections confirmed the total elimination of GBM by KSS72. KSS72 did not exert any toxicity on host tissues and serum ALT and AST levels were not altered. In summary, we conclude that KSS72 acting through multiple pathways of oxidative stress is a hugely promising non‐toxic anti‐glioma drug with potential to enter clinical trials.Support or Funding InformationCPRIT grant RP130266 to KSS.
Localization of Scleraxis in Dermal and Keloid Fibroblasts
Authors: Johnson Charles , Nillas Andrea , Reaves Titus A. 
Published: November 2023

Scleraxis is a transcription factor in the basic helix‐loop‐helix family that regulates the development of human embryonic cells into specialized tissue and was originally determined to be involved in tendon and bone formation. More recent studies have shown that scleraxis displays a more diverse presence in both normal and diseased tissues. In particular, scleraxis has been implicated in keloid disease (KD). The principal dysregulated cell in KD is the fibroblast. Fibroblasts are mesenchymal cells that play an essential role in tissue development and tissue repair. In the skin, there are papillary and reticular fibroblasts. While not completely known, it is believed that following an insult, reticular fibroblasts develop a hyper‐proliferative phenotype and become the keloid fibroblast. Despite this information, little is known of the molecular events that lead to KD. Therefore, we investigated the localization of scleraxis in the skin and fibroblasts and how scleraxis may affect fibroblast activation. Immunohistochemistry shows that scleraxis is localized in the keloid skin in the area of the melanocyte, papillary and the reticular areas. Western blot studies show that scleraxis is present in both keloid skin and keloid fibroblasts evenly distributed). Interestingly, using detergent lysates we show that scleraxis is also present in dermal fibroblasts. Scratch assays also show that scleraxis may play a role in the fibroblast migration. Specifically, when the N‐terminal region of a scleraxis peptide was added to cultures of fibroblasts and compared to a control, closures of the scratch were 50% slower when scleraxis peptide was added. Additional results reveal that scleraxis may be a secreted protein. Taken together these results suggest that scleraxis is present in both normal dermal and keloid fibroblasts, and may play a role in the activation of such fibroblasts.Support or Funding InformationNational Science Foundation R‐II
Neuroanatomical Analysis of a Conditional Knockin Mutant PHOX2B Mouse Model
Authors: Liu Jillian , Czeisler Catherine , Fair Summer , Goksel Behiye , Goksel Mustafa , Otero Jose 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundCentral Congenital Hypoventilation Syndrome (CCHS) is a rare disorder characterized by autonomic dysfunction, including abnormal respiration. Symptoms of CCHS include the inability to establish a regular respiratory rhythm, inadequate responses to hypoxemia and hypercapnia, heart rate abnormalities, and impaired bowel function. Mutations in paired‐like homeobox 2b (PHOX2B) are known to be causative for CCHS. We previously demonstrated that mice harboring an eight‐nucleotide deletion in PHOX2B (d8‐PHOX2B) displayed diffuse hindbrain pathology and perinatal lethality due to lack of spontaneous respiration. In this study, we are further exploring which brainstem circuits are required at birth for proper respiratory function and whether specific circuits are lost or insufficiently matured in mice expressing d8‐PHOX2B.MethodsWe are crossing several Cre driver mice with d8‐PHOX2B mice to selectively express d8‐PHOX2B in hindbrain neural nuclei known to be affected by mutant PHOX2B expression. Histological examination of brainstems from these mice along with unbiased quantification will allow us to determine how the morphology and number of cells within these neural populations is altered.Preliminary resultsAtoh1‐cre; d8‐PHOX2B mice were generated and assessed for perinatal viability, as Atoh1 is a transcription factor known to be involved in the development of medullary respiratory centers. At birth Atoh1‐cre; d8‐PHOX2B pups appeared healthy and displayed spontaneous respiration. Histological examination of hindbrains from these pups revealed no neuropathology, with evident intact locus coeruleus, facial nucleus, and retrotrapezoid nucleus. These preliminary results suggest that the expression of Phox2b in the Atoh1 lineage is not required for normal hindbrain development and respiration at birth.Support or Funding Information1R01HL132355‐01A1