bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of death and caring for the dying and their families on surgeons - an AI assisted systematic scoping review
Authors: Tan Jun Rong , Ong Yun Ting , Fam Victoria Jia En , Sinnathamby Annushkha , Ravindran Nila , Ng Yaoyi , Krishna Lalit Kumar Radha 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Context
Surgeons are taking central roles in caring for patients leaving them prone to the emotional turmoil and grief of patients and families and the moral, psychological and existential distress of members of the interprofessional team and trainees. This has implications on patient safety and surgeon welfare.

Objectives
A systematic scoping review was carried out to address the primary research question “what is known of the effects of caring for the dying and the impact of patient’s death on surgeons?”. It is hoped that the insights gained will better guide support and assessment of surgeons in their evolving roles.

Methods
Guided by the Systematic Evidence-based Approach (SEBA), we conducted a systematic scoping review (SSR). This review included articles published between 1st January 2000 and 2nd September 2024 on Pubmed, Embase, Scopus, Google Scholar, ERIC databases. To enhance trustworthiness and enhance the comprehensiveness of our review the articles identified were also evaluated using ChatGPT 4o and Notebook LM. The findings of these assistive processes were compared with the independent thematic and content analysis carried out by the two research teams.

Results
In total, 4966 titles and abstracts were identified, 174 full-text articles were reviewed, and 26 full-text articles analysed. With the findings of the assistive analysis by the AI tools echoing the findings of the research teams- two key domains were identified: (1) the impact on personhood, (2) predisposing factors.

Conclusion
This AI assisted SSR in SEBA confirms that surgeons do suffer from the cumulative effects of caring for dying patients and their families and from the death of the patient and supporting the family and members of the interprofessional team and trainees. Without timely and personalized support surgeons are prone to depression, burnout, and substance abuse, and compromises to patient and family experiences, outcomes, safety and satisfaction. The need for effective longitudinal and personalized assessment tools is clear.
The influence of thermal tempering on the fracture resistance, surface microstructure, elemental surface composition, and phase analysis of four heat-pressed lithia-based glass ceramic crowns
Authors: Nasser Khaled , EL-Etreby Amr , Nabih Soha Osama 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
This in-vitro study aimed to evaluate the impact of thermal tempering and ceramic type on the fracture resistance, surface microstructure, elemental surface composition and phase analysis of four heat-pressed glass ceramics.

Methods
A total of 84 glass-ceramic crowns were pressed and randomly allocated into four equal groups (n = 21) according to the ceramic type: Group (E): IPS e.max Press, Group (L): GC initial LiSi Press, Group (C): Celtra Press and Group (A): VITA Ambria. The crowns of each group were equally allocated into three subgroups (n = 7) regarding the subsequent thermal tempering temperature. Subgroup (T0): No tempering. Subgroup (T1): Tempering at 9% below pressing temperature. Subgroup (T2): Tempering at 5% below pressing temperature. Samples were tested for fracture resistance using a universal testing machine. A scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction, and Energy Dispersive x-ray analysis were utilized to disclose the microstructural features.

Results
When there is no tempering, IPS e.max press showed a significant elevated fracture resistance (P-value = 0.002). There was an insignificant difference between other ceramics. While with tempering (T2) as well as (T1), Lisi press (L) showed a significant elevated fracture resistance. There was an insignificant difference between other ceramics (P-value = 0.004).

Conclusions
Incorporation of zirconia oxide into the lithium disilicate glass matrix did not show improvement in the fracture resistance. Thermal tempering procedure had significant effect on fracture resistance. Thermal tempering technique had no influence the elemental surface composition and phase analysis yet T2 samples showed changes in crystal size and orientation.
The influence of uterine leiomyomatosis on the onset of psoriasis: a nationwide population-based study of 2.5 million Korean females
Authors: Kim Yeong Ho , Kim Hyun Jee , Doh Jee Yun , Han Kyung Do , Lee Ji Hyun 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Uterine leiomyomatosis and psoriasis are prevalent conditions and shared pathophysiological factors indicate a potential association. However, a direct correlation has not been established. We investigated the relationship between uterine leiomyomatosis and the risk of new-onset psoriasis in Korean females of reproductive age.

Methods
This nationwide population-based study used data from the Korean National Health Insurance System database. Data from 2,755,790 Korean females 20–39 years of age who underwent health check-ups from 2009 to 2012 were analyzed. Monitoring began at the initial national health assessment within the time frame and continued until either the diagnosis of emerging psoriasis or until December 2018.

Results
Among 2,503,769 females included, 1.96% were diagnosed with psoriasis and 0.72% with uterine leiomyomatosis. The incidence ratio for new-onset psoriasis was higher in uterine leiomyomatosis patients (3.13 per 1,000) than in subjects without uterine leiomyomatosis (2.72 per 1,000). The hazard ratio for psoriasis occurrence was 1.18 (1.07–1.31) in uterine leiomyomatosis patients, 1.22 (1.08–1.37) in subjects who did not undergo myomectomy, and 1.12 (0.94–1.33) in patients who underwent myomectomy.

Conclusions
Uterine leiomyomatosis patients, especially those not undergoing myomectomy, showed an increased risk of psoriasis. Lifestyle modifications and surgical intervention for uterine leiomyomatosis may also be beneficial for psoriasis occurrence.
Impact of school salad bars on fruit and vegetable selection, intake, and waste in Mid-Atlantic elementary schools
Authors: Bean Melanie K. , Mazzeo Suzanne E. , de Jonge Lilian , Thornton Laura , Raynor Hollie , Mendoza Ashley , Farthing Sarah , Moore Bonnie 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Few studies have empirically examined the impact of school salad bars on elementary students’ fruit and vegetable (FV) consumption within the National School Lunch Program (NSLP). This natural experiment evaluated the impact of salad bars on FV selection, intake, and waste within elementary schools.

Methods
Seven school pairs, matched on Title I status and percentage of students from ethnic or racial minority backgrounds, were randomly selected. All schools served pre-portioned FV at baseline. One school within each pair received a salad bar; the other continued to serve pre-portioned FV (Control). Digital imagery plate waste methods were applied at baseline and 4–6 weeks after schools installed salad bars (post). Images were rated in the laboratory (ICCs = .94-.99) to determine FV selection, intake, and waste (servings [1 NSLP serving = ½c]). Multilevel modeling evaluated group (Salad Bar vs Control) and time (baseline vs post) differences and group-by-time interactions. Differences in outcomes by Title I status were also examined.

Results
Across schools, mean NSLP participation was 54%. N = 6,623 trays were included (n = 3,273 Salad Bar; n = 3,350 Control). Students in Salad Bar schools selected (+ .44c) and consumed (+ .36c) more FV at post, compared to baseline. Control students decreased FV selection (-.05c) with no change in intake from baseline to post. Group, time, and group-by-time interactions were significant (ps < .0001). When examined separately, results suggest that these effects are driven by fruit. Salad Bar students increased fruit selection (+ .45c), intake (+ .36c), and waste (+ .09c) from baseline to post; no significant changes were observed in Controls. There was no significant change in vegetable selection, intake or waste for either group. Findings did not differ based on Title I status.

Conclusions
Salad bars were effective in increasing elementary school students’ fruit selection and intake, yet did not increase vegetable selection or intake. Additional efforts are needed to increase vegetable intake and minimize fruit waste from salad bars. Consistent findings across schools, regardless of Title I status, suggest potential for salad bars to yield increased fruit intake across socioeconomic groups. Findings can inform policies designed to increase FV intake within the NSLP.

Trial registration
This investigation reports results of a systematic evaluation of school salad bars and does not meet criteria for a clinical trial, yet was retrospectively registered (10/28/22) in clinicaltrials.gov (NCT05605483) as an observational study.
NIR-activated catechol-functionalized nanodiamond nanofibers for accelerating on-demand MRSA and E. coli biofilm eradication
Authors: Park Hyeonseo , Patil Tejal V. , Lee Jieun , Kim Hojin , Cho Seong-Jun , Lim Ki-Taek 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The rise of antibiotic resistance has made bacterial infections a persistent global health issue. In particular, extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) secreted by bacteria limit the effectiveness of conventional antibiotics, making biofilm removal challenging. To address this, we created ND@PDA nanoparticles by coating the surface of nanodiamonds (ND) with polydopamine (PDA). These nanoparticles were then integrated into polyvinyl alcohol to fabricate PVA/ND@PDA nanofiber scaffolds, resulting in an innovative platform with enhanced photothermal, antibacterial and antibiofilm properties. Upon exposure to near-infrared (NIR) light, the scaffolds exhibited a significant photothermal activity, oxidative stress and effectively damaging key bacterial components, such as biofilm, bacterial membranes, and proteins. Additionally, the catechol groups in PDA provided strong cell adhesion and high biocompatibility on the nanofiber surface. Our research proposes a platform that not only effectively addresses antibiotic-resistant infections but also contributes to advancements in wound healing therapies by enabling controlled antibacterial action with minimal toxicity.
First detection and molecular characterization of Jingmen tick virus with a high occurrence in Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus collected from livestock in Cameroon (2024)
Authors: Kiwan Paloma , Lopez Eva , Gasparine Morena , Piorkowski Geraldine , Colmant Agathe , Paguem Achille , Mvodo Stephanie , Thirion Laurence , de Lamballerie Xavier , Charrel Remi , Falchi Alessandra 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Jingmen tick virus (JMTV) is a novel tick-borne virus detected for the first time in Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus in China. To date, there is no information regarding the circulation of JMTV in ticks collected from livestock in Cameroon. As part of the surveillance for arboviral circulation, this study aimed to assess the presence of JMTV in ticks collected from livestock (cattle and sheep) in an area of the Akonolinga health district, Center Region, Cameroon.

Methods
A cross sectional study was carried out during the dry season between 5 and 14 March 2024. Ticks were collected from cattle and sheep in six sampling sites in an area approximately 30 km long and 18 km wide along the Nyong River, in central Cameroon. Ticks were identified morphologically and molecularly. Total RNA/DNA was extracted from tick pools and screened for JMTV RNA using a segment 2 RT-qPCR system. Positive JMTV pools were sequenced for partial JMTV-Segment 1 and full genome analyses.

Results
A total of 622 ticks, organized into 251 pools were collected from 155 cattle and nine sheep. They consisted of five species covering three genera: R. (B.) microplus (472; 75.9%), Amblyomma variegatum (118; 19.0%), Hyalomma truncatum (13; 2.1%), Hyalomma rufipes (2; 0.3%), and other Rhipicephalus spp. (17; 2.7%). The quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) screening of 251 tick pools yielded 61 JMTV-positive pools, of which 58 corresponded to R. (B.) microplus. Multiple sequence analysis revealed that JMTV from the Akonolinga area shared > 95% identity with strains from Guinea, and that these strains clustered phylogenetically together.

Conclusions
We provide molecular evidence of the presence of JMTV in R. (B.) microplus and A. variegatum collected from cattle and sheep from an area not yet recognized as endemic for this virus, confirming its wide geographical distribution.

Graphical Abstract
Enhancing the quality of low-light images via the coefficient bounds derived for a subclass of Sakaguchi-type function
Authors: Sundari K. Sivagami , Keerthi B. Srutha 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This paper introduces a new approach for enhancing low-light images by utilizing coefficient bounds from a specific subclass of analytic functions, a concept rooted in geometric function theory. Our method is designed to adapt dynamically to different lighting conditions, ensuring effective image enhancement in both uniformly and non-uniformly illuminated environments. Specifically, we apply a convolution process for images that are evenly illuminated, while a power-law transformation is employed when illumination is non-uniform. This dual-method strategy allows us to overcome common challenges such as over-enhancement and under-enhancement, which are frequently encountered in traditional approaches. By adjusting to varying lighting conditions, our approach guarantees superior image quality across a range of scenarios. Through extensive experiments and rigorous comparisons using performance metrics, we demonstrate that our method consistently outperforms existing techniques, yielding significant improvements in both image clarity and contrast. These results confirm the effectiveness and adaptability of our approach in enhancing low-light images.
Linearity of natural versus laboratory-imparted remanence demagnetization diagram and reliability of relative paleointensity estimation
Authors: Yamazaki Toshitsugu , Li Jiaxi 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Information on geomagnetic field intensity in the past is essential for understanding the behavior and mechanism of the geodynamo. A fundamental unresolved problem of relative paleointensity (RPI) estimations from marine sediments is that changes in the constituents of magnetic mineral assemblages may influence RPI estimations, called lithological contamination. A negative correlation between RPI and the ratio of anhysteretic remanent magnetization (ARM) susceptibility to saturation isothermal remanent magnetization (k
ARM/SIRM), which is a proxy for the proportion of magnetofossils to detrital magnetic minerals, was previously reported from deep-sea sediments. This could be caused by lower RPI recording efficiency of the magnetofossil component than the detrital component. To elaborate further this issue, we have conducted a paleo- and rock magnetic study of a sediment core taken from the central north Pacific. RPI estimated from a slope in a diagram plotting a pair of natural remanent magnetization (NRM) and ARM at each alternating-field demagnetization step (NRM-ARM demagnetization diagram) has a negative correlation with k
ARM/SIRM. Principal component analysis of first-order reversal curve diagrams indicates a downcore increase of the magnetofossil proportion with increased k
ARM/SIRM. These results reinforce the lower RPI recording efficiency of magnetofossils. In this core, the magnetic coercivity ranges of the magnetofossil and detrital components overlap, which produces a linear NRM-ARM demagnetization diagram. This hinders a possibility of obtaining uncontaminated RPI from a coercivity window representing the magnetofossils or detrital magnetic components, which was tried by some previous studies. A linear NRM-ARM demagnetization diagram, which was sometimes used as a criterion of reliable RPI estimations, does not necessarily mean the absence of lithological contamination to the RPI. In sediments with changing proportion of magnetofossils, normalization with IRM may work better than ARM.

Graphical Abstract
Outcomes of COVID-19 in the Omicron-predominant wave: large-scale real-world data analysis with a comparison to influenza
Authors: Miyashita Koichi , Hozumi Hironao , Furuhashi Kazuki , Nakatani Eiji , Inoue Yusuke , Yasui Hideki , Suzuki Yuzo , Karayama Masato , Enomoto Noriyuki , Fujisawa Tomoyuki , Inui Naoki , Ojima Toshiyuki , Suda Takafumi 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Purpose
Studies on COVID-19 mortality during the Omicron-predominant wave have focused primarily on the inpatient/emergency room setting, and real-world data including both inpatients and outpatients are lacking.

Methods
Patients diagnosed with COVID-19 (n = 27,440,148) or influenza (n = 8,179,641) from January 2020 to April 2023 were identified using nationwide claims data in Japan. Patients with COVID-19 in the Omicron-predominant wave were compared with their counterparts in earlier waves, and a subset of the former group (May 2022–April 2023) was compared with patients with influenza as controls.

Results
The mortality rates (average number of deaths/cases per week) of COVID-19 decreased over time, being 2.7% (169/6312), 2.1% (397/18,754), 0.7% (195/28,273), and 0.4% (1613/378,848) in the wild-type–, Alpha-, Delta-, and Omicron-predominant waves, respectively. However, the number of deaths increased substantially in the Omicron-predominant wave, especially among the elderly (e.g., in the Delta- and Omicron-predominant waves, the average numbers of deaths/cases per week were < 1/5527 (< 0.01%) and 4/105,763 (< 0.01%) respectively, in patients aged 0–19, versus 101/925 (10.9%) and 1212/20,771 (5.8%), respectively, in patients aged ≥ 80). The mortality rate was lower for patients with COVID-19 than in those with influenza among those aged ≤ 39 years but higher among those aged ≥ 40 years.

Conclusions
In the Omicron-predominant wave, the mortality rate of COVID-19 decreased, but the number of patients increased, leading to a substantial increase in the number of deaths, especially among the elderly. The mortality rate of COVID-19 was higher than that of influenza in the elderly but not in the young, highlighting the need for age-specific interventions.
Numerical simulation of fluid–structure interaction for solid rocket engine nozzle ablation
Authors: Wang Donghui , Cao Dehua , Zhou Zhitan , Liang Ranhui 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
When a solid rocket engine is ignited, the throat lining of the nozzle is prone to chemical ablation owing to high-temperature gas erosion, resulting in thrust loss. In this paper, a coupled fluid–solid model for thermochemical ablation on the nozzle wall is established based on the multi-component Navier–Stokes equations, SST k-ω turbulence model, finite-rate chemical reaction model on the nozzle wall, variable transport properties of the nozzle material, and the heat conduction equation. Compared with the experimental data, the maximum error of the calculated ablation rate was 4.37%, validating the effectiveness of the model. Subsequently, the effects of different combustion chamber components, pressures, and temperatures on the ablation rate of the carbon–carbon (C/C) throat lining were studied. The results indicate that the temperature at the nozzle throat was the highest, resulting in the maximum ablation rate. As the Al mass fraction at the nozzle inlet increased, the thermochemical ablation rate of the nozzle decreased with a lower oxidizer mass fraction. The inlet pressure and temperature of the nozzle were positively correlated with the ablation rate, with the temperature having a more significant impact than the pressure. These findings provide theoretical guidance for the thermal protection design of rocket engine nozzles.
Sarcoidosis: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic strategies
Authors: Xu Danfeng , Tao Xiaohua , Fan Yibin , Teng Yan 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Sarcoidosis, a multisystemic granulomatous disease with unknown etiology, is characterized by formation of noncaseating granulomas, which can affect all organs. Recent studies have made outstanding achievement in understanding the pathology, etiology, genetics, and immune dysregulation involved in granuloma formation of sarcoidosis. Antigen stimulation in genetically predisposed individuals enhances the phagocytic activity of antigen-presenting cells, including macrophages and dendritic cells. CD4 + T cells initiate dysregulated immune responses and secrete significant quantities of inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-2 and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), which play a crucial role in modulating the aggregation and fusion of macrophages to form granulomas. The current therapeutic strategies focus on blocking the formation and spread of granulomas to protect organ function and alleviate symptoms. The efficacy of traditional treatments, such as glucocorticoids and immunosuppressants, has been confirmed in the management of sarcoidosis. Promising therapeutic agents encompass inhibitors of cytokines, like those targeting tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, as well as inhibitors of signaling pathways, such as Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors, which exhibit favorable prospects for application. Although there has been progress in the identification of biomarkers for the diagnosis, prognosis, activity and severity of sarcoidosis, specific and sensitive biomarkers have yet to be identified. This review outlines recent advancements in the molecular mechanisms and therapeutic strategies for the sarcoidosis.
Prenatal Care, Son Preference, and the Sex Ratio at Birth
Authors: Echavarri Rebeca , Beltrán Tapia Francisco 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The sex ratio at birth (SRB) in Spain jumped abruptly in the late 1970s and temporarily reached values of more than 109 boys per 100 girls in the early 1980s. This article shows that health care system expansion increased the likelihood of male births in Spain between 1975 and 1995. By facilitating the delivery of preterm and dystocic babies and improving overall maternal conditions, these developments increased the survival chances of male fetuses, who are biologically weaker than females. However, biological factors alone cannot explain the biased SRB. Our analysis shows that the availability of prenatal sex determination technologies and a strong son preference nurtured by the Francoist dictatorship fostered gender-biased behaviors that resulted in an excessively high SRB. The lack of evidence on sex-specific abortions suggests that women took better care of themselves when carrying a son. The spread of gender-egalitarian values brought about by the end of the dictatorship and the transition to democracy undermined son preference and returned the SRB to normal levels.