bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Laterality phenotypes in patients with schizophrenia, their siblings and controls: Associations with clinical and cognitive variables
Authors: Dragovic Milan , Hammond Geoff , Badcock Johanna C. , Jablensky Assen 
Published: September 2005

BackgroundVarious behavioural indices of brain lateralisation significantly intercorrelate, but current research in this area still focuses on single behavioural asymmetries, such as handedness.AimsTo describe a novel approach, which simultaneously integrates various laterality indices and delineates complex phenotypes.MethodGrade of membership analysis was used to describe latent, complex lateralisation phenotypes in patients with schizophrenia (n=157), their siblings (n=74) and controls (n=77). The indices used were asymmetries of eye, foot and hand; hand motor proficiency; and handedness of patient's first-degree relatives.ResultsThree distinct pure types of lateralisation (‘right’, ‘left’ and ‘mixed’) were evident in patients compared with two (‘right’ and ‘left’) in siblings and controls. The ‘mixed’ type in patients featured absence of eye and foot lateralisation and presence of familial sinistrality, despite a right-hand dominance for writing. Patients with schizophrenia expressing the ‘left’ phenotype had a more severe course of illness, significantly increased scores on two schizotypy factors and poorer neurocognitive performance. The pure types in the siblings were similar to those in healthy controls.ConclusionsThe findings suggest that a leftward reversal, rather than a reduction in lateralisation, is associated with clinical severity and neurocognitive deficits in patients with schizophrenia.
Risperidone in the treatment of acute mania
Authors: Khanna Sumant , Vieta Eduard , Lyons Benjamin , Grossman Fred , Eerdekens Mariëlle , Kramer Michelle 
Published: September 2005

BackgroundSevere mania is life-threatening, carries an increased risk of suicide and has a serious impact on patients and their families. Efficient and rapid control of episodes of acute mania is needed.AimsTo evaluate the safety and efficacy of risperidone monotherapy for acute mania.MethodIn a 3-week, randomised, double-blind trial, 290 in-patients with bipolar l disorder with current manic or mixed episode and a baseline Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) score of 20 or more received flexible doses of risperidone (1–6 mg per day) or placebo.ResultsRisperidone was received by 146 patients and placebo by 144. Their mean baselineYMRS score was 37. 2 (s. e. =0. 5). Significantly greater improvements were observed with risperidone than with placebo at weeks l and 2 and at end-point (total YMRS:P<0. 01). Extrapyramidal symptoms were the most frequently reported adverse events in the risperidone group.ConclusionsIn patients with severe manic symptoms, risperidone produced significant improvements in YMRS scores as early as week 1 and substantial changes at end-point. Treatment was well tolerated.
Schizophrenia practice guidelines: International survey and comparison
Authors: Gaebel Wolfgang , Weinmann Stefan , Sartorius Norman , Rutz Wolfgang , McIntyre John S. 
Published: September 2005

BackgroundSchizophrenia guidelines differ considerably in methodology and content.AimsTo systematically compare national schizophrenia guidelines from different countries.MethodAn international survey was conducted on guideline development and a methodological comparison was made using a validated guideline appraisal instrument (the Appraisal Guideline Research and Evaluation Europe).ResultsThe methodological quality of many schizophrenia guidelines was at best moderate. Few guidelines had included key stakeholders in their development process. Although pharmacotherapy recommendations were similar, there were strong variations in the type of psychosocial interventions recommended.ConclusionsThe methodological quality of guidelines has a strong influence on their applicability However, the lack of financial means to develop and implement guidelines is a serious problem. Independent international organisations could contribute to defining a core set of unbiased schizophrenia treatment recommendations. In countries with a shortage of resources, this could be a basis for adaptation to different cultural and economic backgrounds in collaboration with stakeholders.
Patient-rated mental health needs and quality of life improvement
Authors: Slade Mike , Leese Morven , Cahill Sharon , Thornicroft Graham , Kuipers Elizabeth 
Published: September 2005

BackgroundPatient-rated unmet need is cross-sectionally associated with quality of life. Its longitudinal relationship has not been established.AimsTo test the hypotheses that: (a) higher patient-rated unmet need is associated with lower individual quality of life assessments by apatientover time; and (b) reduction in patient-rated unmet need precedes improvement in quality of life.MethodOne hundred and one individuals using adult mental health services were asked to complete 6-monthly questionnaires, comprising quality of life (Manchester Short Assessment of Quality of Life, MANSA) and unmet need (Camberwell Assessment of Need Short Appraisal Schedule, CANSAS) assessments.ResultsSeventy-three participants provided 240 separate pairs of consecutive assessments. Random effects regression models indicated an impact on current quality of life for both average level of unmet need (B= −0.23, 95% CI −0.29 to −0.17) and change in unmet need over the past month (B= −0.04, 95% CI −0.02).ConclusionsChanges in patient-rated unmet needs may cause changes in quality of life.
General practitioners and schizophrenia: Results from a Swiss survey
Authors: Simon Andor E. , Lauber Christoph , Ludewig Katja , Braun-Scharm Hellmuth , Umbricht Daniel S. 
Published: September 2005

BackgroundGeneral practitioners (GPs) have an important role in the care of patients with chronic schizophrenia and of those in the early phases of this disorder.AimsTo obtain information about the number of patients in the early and chronic stages of schizophrenia seen in general practice; the needs and attitudes of GPs, their diagnostic knowledge concerning early phases of schizophrenia and their knowledge and practice concerning treatment of patients with first-episode and multi-episode schizophrenia.MethodApostal survey was conducted among randomly selected GPs in Switzerland.ResultsAtotal of 1089 GPs responded to the survey. Early psychosis had a low prevalence in general practice, and GPs expressed a wish for specialised, low-threshold referral services. Diagnostic and treatment knowledge showed inconsistencies. Most GPs said they would treat first-episode schizophrenia with antipsychotics, but only a third recommended maintenance treatment after a first episode of schizophrenia that would conform with international recommendations.ConclusionsEasily accessible, low-threshold referral services are pivotal in supporting GPs in the management and treatment of emerging schizophrenia in primary healthcare patients.
Fronto-parietal activation in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, combined type: Functional magnetic resonance imaging study
Authors: Silk T. , Vance A. , Rinehart N. , Egan G. , O'Boyle M. , Bradshaw J. L. , Cunnington R. 
Published: September 2005

SummaryAfunctional magnetic resonance imaging mental rotation paradigm was used to investigate the patterns of activation of fronto-parietal brain areas in male adolescents with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, combined type (ADHD–CT) compared with age-, gender-, handedness- and performance IQ-matched healthy controls. The ADHD-CT group had (a) decreased activation of the ‘action-atttentional’ system (including Brodmann's areas (BA) 46, 39, 40) and the superior parietal (BA7) and middle frontal (BA10) areas and (b) increased activation of the posterior midline attentional system. These different neuroactivation patterns indicate widespread frontal, striatal and parietal dysfunction in adolescents with ADHD-CT.
Cognitive performance in presumed obligate carriers for psychosis
Authors: Toulopoulou Timothea , Mapua-Filbey Francesca , Quraishi Seema , Kravariti Eugenia , Morris Robin G. , McDonald Colm , Walshe Muriel , Bramon Elvira , Murray Robin M. 
Published: September 2005

SummaryWe report cognitive performance of a group of individuals who are likely to have transmitted liability to psychosis to their offspring. Out of 230 relatives of patients with psychosis, 27 met our criteria for a presumed obligate carrier, that is a non-psychotic individual who had a parent or a sibling as well as an offspring with psychosis. The presumed obligate carriers showed impairments in verbal memory and in visuospatial manipulations, suggesting that these individuals transmit vulnerability for psychosis to their offspring in terms of a disability to recall verbal information and an impaired capacity to perceive spatial relations.
Longitudinal follow-up in acute and transient psychotic disorders and schizophrenia
Authors: Pillmann Frank , Marneros Andreas 
Published: September 2005

SummaryWe prospectively studied the long-term course of individuals with acute and transient psychotic disorders and a control group with positive schizophrenia matched for age and gender. Follow-up investigations using standardised instruments were performed at three time-points covering 7 years after the index episode or 12 years after the first episode. During follow-up, those with positive schizophrenia experienced a deterioration in their general functioning whereas those with acute and transient psychotic disorders retained their high level of functioning. At the end of the observation period, 12 out of 39 (31%) of those with acute and transient psychotic disorders were functioning well without medication compared with 0 out of 38 with positive schizophrenia.
Sharing letters with patients and their carers: problems and outcomes in elderly and dementia care
Authors: Treloar Adrian , Adamis Dimitrios 
Published: September 2005

Aims and MethodIn a cross-sectional survey, we assessed the attitudes of older patients and their carers towards receiving copies of letters about them and the effects upon outcomes of sharing letters. We also studied the opinions of consultants on letter-sharing.ResultsFew old age psychiatrists shared letters with patients or carers, and many had concerns about this practice. In contrast, letters were considered ‘very welcome’ by 87% of patients and carers who received them, and 81% of those who did not would be ‘very pleased’ to receive them. Patients and carers who had received letters had significantly better knowledge of their care plan, whom to contact and ways of making contact with services.Clinical ImplicationsDespite concerns expressed by psychiatrists, our findings support the sharing of letters with patients and carers of patients with dementia in old age psychiatry services.
Logbook for specialist registrars in general adult psychiatry: development and peer evaluation
Authors: George Sanju , Jorsh Mike , Johnson Joe 
Published: September 2005

Aims and MethodDespite the Royal College of Psychiatrists' recommendation that higher specialist trainees in general adult psychiatry should use logbooks to record their training-related activities, none is currently available. We developed a logbook and conducted a postal survey of specialist registrars in general adult psychiatry in the West Midlands and Merseyside Training Schemes to elicit their perceptions of its usefulness and feasibility.ResultsAll of the 35 specialist registrars who completed the questionnaire felt that there was scope for a logbook and that this format was easy to use. Three-quarters of the respondents suggested that their training curriculum should be incorporated into the logbook and 71% felt that the use of logbooks ought to be mandatory. Despite all acknowledging the need for a logbook, only 14% were currently using one.Clinical ImplicationsLogbooks would greatly help higher specialist trainees to organise (identify, record and review learning objectives) the multifaceted aspects of their training. They would also help immensely in preparing for the Record of In-Training Assessment, appraisal and revalidation. There is clearly scope for a more ‘centrally’ produced (College) logbook for specialist registrars in general adult psychiatry, as indicated by the results of this survey. For logbooks to work in practice, they need to be simple and easy to use.
Is liaison psychiatry a separate specialty? Comparison of referrals to a liaison psychiatry service and a community mental health team
Authors: Molodynski Andrew , Bolton Jim , Guest Louise 
Published: September 2005

Aims and MethodThe aim of the study was to compare referrals to a liaison psychiatry service and a neighbouring community mental health team (CMHT). Demographic and clinical information were compared for 100 consecutive referrals to each service.ResultsThe liaison psychiatry service had a smaller ongoing case-load and a higher referral rate than the CMHT. Larger proportions of patients referred to liaison psychiatry had comorbid physical illness (49 v. 10%) or had harmed themselves (41 v. 10%). More patients referred to the CMHT had a primary diagnosis of a mood disorder (49 v. 28%), but fewer had organic disorders.Clinical ImplicationsThe differences in service delivery and clinical problems referred imply that different expertise is required by those working in each service. This supports the view that community and liaison psychiatry are separate specialties, with implications for higher specialist training.
Optimierte Neuro-Fuzzy-Modelle für Auslegungsprozesse und Simulation im Automotive-Bereich (Improved Neuro-Fuzzy Models for Design Processes and Simulation in Automotive Applications)
Authors: Jakubek Stefan , Keuth Nikolaus 
Published: September 2005

Abstract
Dieser Artikel beschreibt einen neuen iterativen Partitionierungsalgorithmus für lokale Neuro-Fuzzy-Modelle. Der Algorithmus zielt darauf ab, datenbasierte Modelle aus dünnbesetzten Eingangsräumen, wie sie im Automotive-Bereich häufig auftreten, zu generieren. Der Gültigkeitsbereich jedes lokalen Neuro-Fuzzy-Modells wird dabei unter Anwendung statistischer Kriterien und Regularisierung an die vorhandenen Daten angepasst. Ausdehnung und Orientierung jedes lokalen Modells orientieren sich auch derart an den vorhandenen Trainingsdaten, dass die Bestimmung der Regressionsparameter ein gut konditioniertes Problem darstellt. Die Regularisierung des Modells kann durch den Benutzer mittels eines Parameters gut konditioniert werden.
Um die Qualität und Sicherheit des erstellten Modells beurteilen zu können, wird zusätzlich eine Modellstatistik berechnet. Mehrere Beispiele aus der Praxiserprobung bzw. aus einem Pilotprojekt beschreiben die Effizienz des vorgestellten Algorithmus.
Analyse und Synthese frequenzadaptiver Herzschrittmacher (Analysis and Design of Rate-responsive Pacemakers)
Authors: Hexamer Martin 
Published: September 2005

Abstract
Chronotrop inkompetente Patienten werden mit einem frequenzadaptiven Herzschrittmacher therapiert. Dieser stimuliert das Herz mit einer Frequenz, die von einem belastungskorrelierten Sensorsignal abgeleitet wird. Eine bestimmte Klasse von Sensoren erzeugt eine geschlossene Rückkopplung, sodass regelungstechnische Methoden beim Entwurf angesetzt werden müssen. Dieser Beitrag präsentiert ein methodisches Gerüst für einen solchen Entwurf.
Modellierung und Regelung des arteriellen Blutflusses während der extrakorporalen Zirkulation (Modelling and Control of the Arterial Blood Flow During Extracorporeal Circulation)
Authors: Misgeld Berno J. E. , Hexamer Martin 
Published: September 2005

Abstract
Zum Entwurf einer Regelung für den arteriellen Blutfluss während der extrakorporalen Zirkulation (EKZ) wird ein Modell entwickelt, welches sich in die Teilmodelle Herz-Lungen-Maschine (HLM) und vaskuläres System unterteilen lässt. Zwei vaskuläre Kompartimentenmodelle unterschiedlicher Komplexität werden mit den linearisierten Navier–Stokes-Gleichungen beschrieben und miteinander verglichen. Als Stellglied für den Blutfluss wird eine Kreiselpumpe modelliert. Ein diskreter PI-Regler wird im Hinblick auf Parameterunsicherheiten robust entworfen. Der PI-Regler beweist sowohl in Simulationsstudien (MATLAB/SIMULINK) als auch im Test an einem hydrodynamischen Kreislaufsimulator Stabilität und eine hohe Güte.
Comprehensive Primary Care for Children With Special Health Care Needs in Rural Areas
Authors: Farmer Janet E. , Clark Mary J. , Sherman Ashley , Marien Wendi E. , Selva Thomas J. 
Published: September 2005

Objective. Most research on comprehensive primary care interventions for children with chronic health conditions has been conducted in large urban areas, where child health and related services are readily available. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and impact of a medical home demonstration project in a more rural part of the country.Methods. Fifty-one parents of children with special health care needs participated in a pre-/posttreatment assessment of a program designed to enhance comprehensive and coordinated care. Participants were recruited from 3 primary care practices in a central Midwest state and remained in the program for ∼12 months.Results. Parents reported significant increases in satisfaction with care coordination and access to mental health services after the intervention. They also noted decreases in family needs, caregiver strain, parents’ missed work days, children’s school absences, and utilization of ambulatory services. Satisfaction with primary care declined slightly but remained in the “very good” range. Families of children with more complex conditions were more likely to report a decrease in needs after intervention, but other factors, such as geographic location or socioeconomic status, were not related to key outcome variables.Conclusions. Comprehensive care has a positive effect on children with chronic health conditions and their families, including those who live in more rural areas. Additional study is needed to learn more about rural service delivery strategies that promote implementation of this approach in general practice.
Breastfeeding Rates in US Baby-Friendly Hospitals: Results of a National Survey
Authors: Merewood Anne , Mehta Supriya D. , Chamberlain Laura Beth , Philipp Barbara L. , Bauchner Howard 
Published: September 2005

Objectives. The objectives of this study were to analyze all available breastfeeding data from US Baby-Friendly hospitals in 2001 to determine whether breastfeeding rates at Baby-Friendly designated hospitals differed from average US national, regional, and state rates in the same year and to determine prime barriers to implementation of the Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative.Methods. In 2001, 32 US hospitals had Baby-Friendly designation. Using a cross-sectional design with focused interviews, this study surveyed all 29 hospitals that retained that designation in 2003. Demographic data, breastfeeding rates, and information on barriers to becoming Baby-Friendly were also collected. Simple linear regression was used to assess factors associated with breastfeeding initiation.Results. Twenty-eight of 29 hospitals provided breastfeeding initiation rates: 2 from birth certificate data and 26 from the medical record. Sixteen provided in-hospital, exclusive breastfeeding rates. The mean breastfeeding initiation rate for the 28 Baby-Friendly hospitals in 2001 was 83.8%, compared with a US breastfeeding initiation rate of 69.5% in 2001. The mean rate of exclusive breastfeeding during the hospital stay (16 of 29 hospitals) was 78.4%, compared with a national mean of 46.3%. In simple linear regression analysis, breastfeeding rates were not associated with number of births per institution or with the proportion of black or low-income patients. Of the Ten Steps to Successful Breastfeeding the 3 described as most difficult to meet were Steps 6, 2, and 7. The reason cited for the problem with meeting Step 6 was the requirement that the hospital pay for infant formula.Conclusion. Baby-Friendly designated hospitals in the United States have elevated rates of breastfeeding initiation and exclusivity. Elevated rates persist regardless of demographic factors that are traditionally linked with low breastfeeding rates.
A Multicenter Evaluation of How Many Infants With Permanent Hearing Loss Pass a Two-Stage Otoacoustic Emissions/Automated Auditory Brainstem Response Newborn Hearing Screening Protocol
Authors: Johnson Jean L. , White Karl R. , Widen Judith E. , Gravel Judith S. , James Michele , Kennalley Teresa , Maxon Antonia B. , Spivak Lynn , Sullivan-Mahoney Maureen , Vohr Betty R. , Weirather Yusnita , Holstrum June 
Published: September 2005

Objective. Ninety percent of all newborns in the United States are now screened for hearing loss before they leave the hospital. Many hospitals use a 2-stage protocol for newborn hearing screening in which all infants are screened first with otoacoustic emissions (OAE). No additional testing is done with infants who pass the OAE, but infants who fail the OAE next are screened with automated auditory brainstem response (A-ABR). Infants who fail the A-ABR screening are referred for diagnostic testing to determine whether they have permanent hearing loss (PHL). Those who pass the A-ABR are considered at low risk for hearing loss and are not tested further. The objective of this multicenter study was to determine whether a substantial number of infants who fail the initial OAE and pass the A-ABR have PHL at ∼9 months of age.Methods. Seven birthing centers with successful newborn hearing screening programs using a 2-stage OAE/A-ABR screening protocol participated. During the study period, 86634 infants were screened for hearing loss at these sites. Of those infants who failed the OAE but passed the A-ABR in at least 1 ear, 1524 were enrolled in the study. Data about prenatal, neonatal, and socioeconomic factors, plus hearing loss risk indicators, were collected for all enrolled infants. When the infants were an average of 9.7 months of age, diagnostic audiologic evaluations were done for 64% of the enrolled infants (1432 ears from 973 infants).Results. Twenty-one infants (30 ears) who had failed the OAE but passed the A-ABR during the newborn hearing screening were identified with permanent bilateral or unilateral hearing loss. Twenty-three (77%) of the ears had mild hearing loss (average of 1 kHz, 2 kHz, and 4 kHz ≤40-decibel hearing level). Nine (43%) infants had bilateral as opposed to unilateral loss, and 18 (86%) infants had sensorineural as opposed to permanent conductive hearing loss.Conclusions. If all infants were screened for hearing loss using the 2-stage OAE/A-ABR newborn hearing screening protocol currently used in many hospitals, then ∼23% of those with PHL at ∼9 months of age would have passed the A-ABR. This happens in part because much of the A-ABR screening equipment in current use was designed to identify infants with moderate or greater hearing loss. Thus, program administrators should be certain that the screening program, equipment, and protocols are designed to identify the type of hearing loss targeted by their program. The results also show the need for continued surveillance of hearing status during childhood.