bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CEREBROSPINAL FLUID MARKERS OF ALZHEIMER’S-RELATED PATHOLOGY RELATE TO AMCI AMONG PEOPLE WITH HIV
Authors: Lobo Judith , Sunderman Erin , Gouaux Ben , Letendre Scott , Campbell Laura , Bondi Mark , Moore David 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Older people with HIV (PWH) are at-risk for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and its precursor, amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI). Identifying aMCI among PWH is challenging because memory impairment is also common in HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND). To investigate the utility of CSF AD pathology markers in differentiating aMCI from HAND, we assessed how these markers differentially relate to aMCI versus HAND status among PWH. Participants included 74 PWH (Mean age=48 [SD=8.5]; 87.4% male, 56.5% White) from the National NeuroAIDS Tissue Consortium who completed a neurocognitive test battery assessing seven cognitive domains and had CSF biomarker data for Aβ42, p-tau181, p-tau181/Aβ42 ratio, Neopterin and NfL. aMCI was defined as impairment (&lt;1.0 SD below normative mean) on ≥2 memory outcomes among learning, delayed recall and recognition with at-least one recognition impairment required. HAND was defined as impairment (&lt;1.0 SD below normative mean) in ≥2 cognitive domains. Separate linear regression models adjusting for demographic and HIV-related characteristics were used to examine how individual biomarkers relate to diagnostic status. Fifty-eight percent of participants were diagnosed with HAND, 50.5% were diagnosed with aMCI. CSF p-tau/Aβ42 ratio levels were higher (indicative of greater pathology) in PWH with versus without aMCI (β=.363, p=.001), but did not differ by HAND status. No other AD biomarker significantly differed by group status. Results indicate that the CSF p-tau181/Aβ42 ratio relates specifically to an aMCI-like profile among PWH, and, thus, may contribute to disentangling aMCI from HAND and informing the need for further diagnostic procedures.
Expression of influenza A virus glycan receptor candidates in mallard, chicken, and tufted duck
Authors: Nilsson Jonas , Eriksson Per , Naguib Mahmoud M , Jax Elinor , Sihlbom Carina , Olsson Britt-Marie , Lundkvist Åke , Olsen Björn , Järhult Josef D , Larson Göran , Ellström Patrik 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Influenza A virus (IAV) pandemics result from interspecies transmission events within the avian reservoir and further into mammals including humans. Receptor incompatibility due to differently expressed glycan structures between species has been suggested to limit zoonotic IAV transmission from the wild bird reservoir as well as between different bird species. Using glycoproteomics, we have studied the repertoires of expressed glycan structures with focus on putative sialic acid-containing glycan receptors for IAV in mallard, chicken and tufted duck; three bird species with different roles in the zoonotic ecology of IAV. The methodology used pinpoints specific glycan structures to specific glycosylation sites of identified glycoproteins and was also used to successfully discriminate α2-3- from α2-6-linked terminal sialic acids by careful analysis of oxonium ions released from glycopeptides in tandem MS/MS (MS2), and MS/MS/MS (MS3). Our analysis clearly demonstrated that all three bird species can produce complex N-glycans including α2-3-linked sialyl Lewis structures, as well as both N- and O- glycans terminated with both α2-3- and α2-6-linked Neu5Ac. We also found the recently identified putative IAV receptor structures, Man-6P N-glycopeptides, in all tissues of the three bird species. Furthermore, we found many similarities in the repertoires of expressed receptors both between the bird species investigated and to previously published data from pigs and humans. Our findings of sialylated glycan structures, previously anticipated to be mammalian specific, in all three bird species may have major implications for our understanding of the role of receptor incompatibility in interspecies transmission of IAV.
Process and experience of youth researchers within a Health Promoting Schools study in Nova Scotia, Canada
Authors: Kontak Julia C , Caldwell Hilary A T , Kulczycki Rena , Hancock Friesen Camille L , Kirk Sara F L 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Youth Participatory Action Research (YPAR) is an approach to research that engages youth across the research process. The peer researcher method is a technique used in YPAR where youth are trained in research and ethics to interview their peers. The purpose of this study was to: (i) describe the process of engaging youth as peer researchers in a Health Promoting Schools (HPS) and student engagement project and (ii) understand the peer researchers’ perspectives of their experience throughout the project. Youth from across Nova Scotia, Canada in grades 7–10 (ages 12–16) were recruited as peer researchers in the Summer, 2022. The project included three stages: (i) peer researcher training, (ii) practicing, recruiting and conducting interviews and (iii) data interpretation workshop. To understand the peer researcher’s experience, quantitative data were collected from an evaluation questionnaire. Outputs were produced using descriptive statistics. Qualitative data were collected through a focus group and interviews and analyzed using inductive content analysis. A total of 11 youth were recruited and completed peer researcher training. Most youth provided positive feedback on the training with a satisfaction score of 8.7/10. Qualitative analysis indicated benefits to the peer researchers including opportunities to build interview and social skills and learn about other’s perspectives. This study provides a detailed overview of how to use a peer researcher method in a YPAR project to involve youth in research related to HPS and student engagement. The research also highlights the benefits of engaging youth in YPAR. Future research will report on the findings from the peer interviews.
Ferramonti, not Palestine: The Failed Aliyah bet of the “Benghazi Group,” 1939–1943
Authors: Schrafstetter Susanna 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This article focuses on the journey of “the Benghazi group,” three hundred European Jewish refugees fleeing Nazism, who, for several months in 1940, were stranded in Benghazi, then part of the Italian colonial empire. They organized and attempted to sail from Italy to Palestine in an Aliyah bet voyage, but were eventually forcibly returned to Italy and interned in the Ferramonti camp in the south of the country. Even though the British liberated Ferramonti in 1943, in 1941 and 1942 many Jews had already been transferred to internment locations further north. When Germany occupied Italy in fall 1943, many members of the Benghazi group thus fell victim to the Holocaust. This article examines the possibilities and limitations for self-help and agency among Jewish refugees in Fascist Italy. It describes their experiences in the context of Fascist Italy’s antisemitic policies and the history of Aliyah bet operations, which did not treat Jews in Italy as a high priority for rescue. At the core of this article lies the story of an encounter between central European Jews and the North African Jews of Benghazi. Having spent their last remaining financial means on the journey to Palestine, the members of the Benghazi group became dependent on the extraordinary hospitality of the Libyan Jews, making Benghazi a temporary sanctuary for European Jewish refugees.
Divergence-conforming methods for transient double-diffusive flows: a priori and a posteriori error analysis
Authors: Bürger Raimund , Khan Arbaz , Méndez Paul E , Ruiz-Baier Ricardo 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The analysis of an $\textbf {H}(\textrm {div})$-conforming method for a model of double-diffusive flow in porous media introduced in Bürger, Méndez & Ruiz-Baier (2019, On H(div)-conforming methods for double-diffusion equations in porous media. SIAM J. Numer. Anal., 57,1318–1343) is extended to the time-dependent case. In addition, the efficiency and reliability of residual-based a posteriori error estimators for the steady, semidiscrete and fully discrete problems are established. The resulting methods are applied to simulate the sedimentation of small particles in salinity-driven flows. The method consists of Brezzi–Douglas–Marini approximations for velocity and compatible piecewise discontinuous pressures, whereas Lagrangian elements are used for concentration and salinity distribution. Numerical tests confirm the properties of the proposed family of schemes and of the adaptive strategy guided by the a posteriori error indicators.
A symmetric low-regularity integrator for the nonlinear Schrödinger equation
Authors: Alama Bronsard Yvonne 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
We introduce and analyze a symmetric low-regularity scheme for the nonlinear Schrödinger (NLS) equation beyond classical Fourier-based techniques. We show fractional convergence of the scheme in $L^2$-norm, from first up to second order, both on the torus $\mathbb{T}^d$ and on a smooth bounded domain $\varOmega \subset \mathbb{R}^d$, $d\le 3$, equipped with homogeneous Dirichlet boundary condition. The new scheme allows for a symmetric approximation to the NLS equation in a more general setting than classical splitting, exponential integrators, and low-regularity schemes (i.e., under lower regularity assumptions, on more general domains, and with fractional rates). We motivate and illustrate our findings through numerical experiments, where we witness better structure preserving properties and an improved error-constant in low-regularity regimes.
Cancer vaccines: from an immunology perspective
Authors: Makker Shania , Galley Charlotte , Bennett Clare L 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The concept of a therapeutic cancer vaccine to activate anti-tumour immunity pre-dates innovations in checkpoint blockade immunotherapies. However, vaccination strategies have yet to show the hoped-for successes in patients, and unanswered questions regarding the underlying immunological mechanisms behind cancer vaccines have hampered translation to clinical practice. Recent advances in our understanding of the potential of tumour mutational burden and neo-antigen-reactive T cells for response to immunotherapy have re-ignited enthusiasm for cancer vaccination strategies, coupled with the development of novel mRNA-based vaccines following successes in prevention of COVID-19. Here we summarise current developments in cancer vaccines and discuss how advances in our comprehension of the cellular interplay in immunotherapy-responsive tumours may inform better design of therapeutic cancer vaccines, with a focus on the role of dendritic cells as the orchestrators of anti-tumour immunity. The increasing number of clinical trials and research being funnelled into cancer vaccines has demonstrated the ‘proof-of-principle’, supporting the hypothesis that therapeutic vaccines have potential as an immuno-oncology agent. For efficacious and safe cancer vaccines to be developed, better understanding of the underpinning immunological mechanisms is paramount.
The Arbovirus Mapping and Prediction (ArboMAP) system for West Nile virus forecasting
Authors: Nekorchuk Dawn M , Bharadwaja Anita , Simonson Sean , Ortega Emma , França Caio M B , Dinh Emily , Reik Rebecca , Burkholder Rachel , Wimberly Michael C 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Objectives
West Nile virus (WNV) is the most common mosquito-borne disease in the United States. Predicting the location and timing of outbreaks would allow targeting of disease prevention and mosquito control activities. Our objective was to develop software (ArboMAP) for routine WNV forecasting using public health surveillance data and meteorological observations.

Materials and Methods
ArboMAP was implemented using an R markdown script for data processing, modeling, and report generation. A Google Earth Engine application was developed to summarize and download weather data. Generalized additive models were used to make county-level predictions of WNV cases.

Results
ArboMAP minimized the number of manual steps required to make weekly forecasts, generated information that was useful for decision-makers, and has been tested and implemented in multiple public health institutions.

Discussion and Conclusion
Routine prediction of mosquito-borne disease risk is feasible and can be implemented by public health departments using ArboMAP.
Relationship between parasitism and morphology of Trichogramma (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) on Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Authors: Liu Sha , Yan Zhi-Chao , Zhou Feng-Wen , Wang Cheng-Xing , Li Yuan-Xi 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
In this study, 5 species of Trichogramma Westwood were evaluated for the biological control of Spodoptera frugiperda (JE Smith), concerning the physical characteristics of female Trichogramma. The results showed that Trichogramma chilonis Ishii, Trichogramma dendrolimi Matsumura, and Trichogramma ostriniae Pang et Chen exhibited high parasitism rates, emergence rates, and offspring numbers, with the highest values observed for T. ostriniae. The ovipositor length of Trichogramma japonicum Ashmead and T. dendrolimi were longer than those of other species, and the hind tibia length was the shortest in Trichogramma cacoeciae Marchal. We further evaluated relationships between the parasitism ability of Trichogramma and various morphological indexes based on Spearman’s rank correlation coefficients. A positive correlation was found between the parasitism rate and hind tibia length of T. cacoeciae. In T. dendrolimi, the parasitism rate was negatively correlated with ovipositor width and positively correlated with the length-width ratio of the ovipositor. A significant positive correlation was observed between the proportion of female offspring and the mother’s ovipositor length in T. japonicum. However, there were no significant correlations between morphological indexes and indexes of parasitism in T. ostriniae. Overall, the parasitic abilities of T. chilonis on S. frugiperda eggs were significantly correlated with the morphology of the female ovipositors.
Unfair competition in MERCOSUR and the challenges of new technologies
Authors: Leão Barcellos Milton Lucídio 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This article reviews the unfair competition main practices in the MERCOSUR countries and the challenges posed by new technologies. This analysis is based on the most common considerations of unfair behaviour such as intentional confusion, discrediting, misleading and other unfair competition acts. How the MERCOSUR countries are currently dealing with traditional unfair competition acts and how case law is developing toward a refined comprehension of the unfair competition acts are important to understand which initiatives should be addressed to regulate such acts in the new technological environment. Based on recent case law involving online platforms and the recent change in Brazilian case law regarding the responsibility of online platforms and the goods/services advertised by other parties in violation of IP Rights, we can conclude that transparency and ethical behaviour are essential topics to be addressed by the Courts and further research is necessary when facing unfair conducts today.
The impact of multidisciplinary cancer conferences on overall survival: a meta-analysis
Authors: Huang Ryan S , Mihalache Andrew , Nafees Abdulwadud , Hasan Asad , Ye Xiang Y , Liu Zhihui , Leighl Natasha B , Raman Srinivas 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background
Multidisciplinary cancer conferences consist of regular meetings between diverse specialists working together to share clinical decision making in cancer care. The aim of this study was to systematically review and meta-analyze the effect of multidisciplinary cancer conference intervention on the overall survival of patients with cancer.

Methods
A systematic literature search was conducted on Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Controlled Register of Trials for studies published up to July 2023. Studies reporting on the impact of multidisciplinary cancer conferences on patient overall survival were included. A standard random-effects model with the inverse variance–weighted approach was used to estimate the pooled hazard ratio of mortality (multidisciplinary cancer conference vs non–multidisciplinary cancer conference) across studies, and the heterogeneity was assessed by I2. Publication bias was examined using funnel plots and the Egger test.

Results
A total of 134 287 patients with cancer from 59 studies were included in our analysis, with 48 467 managed by multidisciplinary cancer conferences and 85 820 in the control arm. Across all cancer types, patients managed by multidisciplinary cancer conferences had an increased overall survival compared with control patients (hazard ratio = 0.67, 95% confidence interval = 0.62 to 0.71, I2 = 84%). Median survival time was 30.2 months in the multidisciplinary cancer conference group and 19.0 months in the control group. In subgroup analysis, a positive effect of the multidisciplinary cancer conference intervention on overall survival was found in breast, colorectal, esophageal, hematologic, hepatocellular, lung, pancreatic, and head and neck cancer.

Conclusions
Overall, our meta-analysis found a significant positive effect of multidisciplinary cancer conferences compared with controls. Further studies are needed to establish nuanced guidelines when optimizing multidisciplinary cancer conference integration for treating diverse patient populations.
Risk of adverse birth outcomes after adolescent and young adult cancer
Authors: Anderson Chelsea , Baggett Christopher D , Engel Stephanie M , Getahun Darios , Cannizzaro Nancy T , Mitra Sara , Meernik Clare , Moy Lisa M , Laurent Cecile A , Zhou Xi , Xu Lanfang , Kwan Marilyn L , Wood William A , Luke Barbara , Chao Chun R , Kushi Lawrence H , Nichols Hazel B 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background
Many women diagnosed with cancer as adolescents and young adults (AYAs, age 15-39 years) want biological children after cancer but lack information on the potential impact of their cancer history on future reproductive outcomes. We investigated the risk of adverse birth outcomes among AYA cancer survivors.

Methods
We identified insured women diagnosed with AYA breast cancer, thyroid cancer, gynecologic cancers, lymphoma, or melanoma from 2003 to 2016 in the state of North Carolina or the Kaiser Permanente health care systems in northern and southern California. Post-diagnosis births to cancer survivors were each matched with up to 5 births to women without cancer. Risk ratios for preterm birth (&lt;37 completed weeks), very preterm birth (&lt;34 completed weeks), low birth weight (&lt;2500 g), and small for gestational age (SGA, &lt;10th percentile of weight for gestational age) were estimated using modified Poisson regression.

Results
Analyses included 1648 births to 1268 AYA cancer survivors and 7879 births to 6066 women without cancer. Overall, risk of preterm birth, very preterm birth, low birth weight, and SGA did not significantly differ between births to women with and without cancer. However, births to women with gynecologic cancers had a significantly increased risk of low birth weight (risk ratio = 1.82; 95% confidence interval: 1.03 to 3.21) and suggested increased risk of preterm birth (risk ratio = 1.59; 95% confidence interval: 0.99 to 2.54). Chemotherapy exposure was not associated with increased risk of adverse birth outcomes.

Conclusions
Women with gynecologic cancers, but not other cancers, had an increased risk of adverse birth outcomes compared to women without cancer.
Organizational dominance and the rise of corporate professionalism: The case of management consultancy in the UK
Authors: Kirkpatrick Ian , Muzio Daniel , Kipping Matthias , Hinings Bob 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
While recent debates about the professions have noted the pervasive influence of organizations, less is known about how this plays out at the macro or occupational level. In this paper, we address this concern, focusing on corporate professionalism (CP) as an emergent form which appears to be shaped by organizational interests. Drawing on relational perspectives of professions, we focus on the strategies of two associations in the UK management consultancy field over a 50-year period. Our analysis of archival and interview data reveals how, over time, both associations substantially modified their strategies in response to shifting priorities of firms employing large numbers of consultants—abandoning early commitments to occupational professionalism in favor of a corporate form. A key contribution of the paper is to develop a process model for understanding how and why CP emerges. We also highlight the need to pay more attention to the often neglected role of employing organizations in accounts of professional formation in contemporary society.
Targeting the CCL2–CCR2 signaling pathway: potential implications of statins beyond cardiovascular diseases
Authors: Gholamalizadeh Hanieh , Ensan Behzad , Sukhorukov Vasily N , Sahebkar Amirhossein 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background
The chemokine ligand CCL2 and its cognate receptor CCR2 have been implicated in the pathogenesis of a wide variety of diseases. Hence, the inhibition of the CCL2/CCR2 signaling pathway has been of great attention in recent studies. Among suggested medications, statins known as HMG-COA reductase inhibitors with their pleiotropic effects are widely under investigation.

Method
A comprehensive literature search on Scopus and PubMed databases was conducted using the keywords ‘CCL2’, ‘CCR2’, ‘monocyte chemoattractant protein-1’, ‘HMG-COA reductase inhibitor’, and ‘statin’. Both experimental and clinical studies measuring CCL2/CCR2 expressions following statin therapy were identified excluding the ones focused on cardiovascular diseases.

Results
Herein, we summarized the effects of statins on CCL2 and CCR2 expression in various pathologic conditions including immune-mediated diseases, nephropathies, diabetes, rheumatic diseases, neuroinflammation, inflammatory bowel diseases, gynecologic diseases, and cancers.

Conclusion
For the most part, statins play an inhibitory role on the CCL2–CCR2 axis which implies their potential to be further developed as therapeutic options in non-cardiovascular diseases either alone or in combination with other conventional treatments. However, the existing literature mostly focused on experimental models and is therefore inadequate to reach a conclusion.