bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pain‐related hospitalization and emergency room visit following initial analgesic prescription after outpatient surgery
Authors: Nair Abhishek A. , Placencia Jennifer L. , Farber Harold J. , Aparasu Rajender R. , Johnson Michael , Chen Hua 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPurposeOur study examined the association between outpatient postsurgical analgesic prescription and risk of insufficiently managed pain characterized by pain‐associated hospital admission and emergency room (ER) visit.MethodsEligible individuals were children 1–17 years of age who filled an incident analgesic following an outpatient surgery during 2013–2018. Pain‐associated hospital admission or ER visit were measured within 30 days following the outpatient surgical procedure. A hierarchical multivariable logistic regression model with patients nested under prescribers was fitted to test the association between incident analgesic prescription and risk of having pain‐associated hospital admission or ER visit.ResultsOf 14 277 children meeting the inclusion criteria, 6224 (43.6%) received an incident opioid and 8053 (56.4%) received an incident non‐opioid analgesic prescription respectively. There were a total of 523 (3.7%) children undergoing surgical procedures that had pain‐related hospital admissions or ER visits with 5.1% initiated on non‐opioid analgesics and 1.8% on opioid analgesics. The multilevel model indicated that initial opioid analgesic recipients were 32% less likely of having a pain‐associated hospital admission or ER visit [aOR: 0.68 (95% CI: 0.3–0.8)].ConclusionMajority of postsurgical patients do not require additional pain management strategies. In the 3.7% of patients requiring additional pain management strategies, those initiated on non‐opioid analgesics are more likely to have a pain‐associated hospital admission or ER visit compared with their opioid recipient counterparts.
Exploratory analysis of the economically justifiable price of nirsevimab for healthy late‐preterm and term infants in Colombia
Authors: Buendía Jefferson Antonio , Acuña‐Cordero Ranniery , Rodriguez‐Martinez Carlos E. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIntroductionRespiratory syncytial virus infection is the leading cause of lower respiratory infection globally. Recently, nirsevimab has been approved to prevent respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection. This study explores the economically justifiable price of nirsevimab for preventing RSV infection in Colombia's children under 1 year of age.Materials and MethodsA static model was developed using the decision tree microsimulation to estimate the quality‐adjusted costs and life years of two interventions: a single intramuscular dose of nirsevimab versus not applying nirsevimab. This analysis was made during a time horizon of 1 year and from a societal perspective.ResultsThe annual savings in Colombia associated with this cost per dose ranged from U$ 2.5 to 4.1 million. Based on thresholds of U$ 4828, U$ 5128, and U$ 19 992 per QALY evaluated in this study, we established economically justifiable drug acquisition prices of U$ 21.88, U$ 25.04, and U$ 44.02 per dose of nirsevimab.Conclusionthe economically justifiable cost for nirsevimab in Colombia is between U$ 21 to U$ 44 per dose, depending on the willingness to pay used to decide its implementation. This result should encourage more studies in the region that optimize decision‐making processes when incorporating this drug into the health plans of each country.
Protein ensemble modeling and analysis with MMMx
Authors: Jeschke Gunnar 
Published: February 2024

AbstractProteins, especially of eukaryotes, often have disordered domains and may contain multiple folded domains whose relative spatial arrangement is distributed. The MMMx ensemble modeling and analysis toolbox (https://github.com/gjeschke/MMMx) can support the design of experiments to characterize the distributed structure of such proteins, starting from AlphaFold2 predictions or folded domain structures. Weak order can be analyzed with reference to a random coil model or to peptide chains that match the residue‐specific Ramachandran angle distribution of the loop regions and are otherwise unrestrained. The deviation of the mean square end‐to‐end distance of chain sections from their average over sections of the same sequence length reveals localized compaction or expansion of the chain. The shape sampled by disordered chains is visualized by superposition in the principal axes frame of their inertia tensor. Ensembles of different sizes and with weighted conformers can be compared based on a similarity parameter that abstracts from the ensemble width.
Protective roles of highly conserved motif 1 in tardigrade cytosolic‐abundant heat soluble protein in extreme environments
Authors: Kang Donguk , Yang Min June , Kim Hwan , Park Chin‐Ju 
Published: February 2024

AbstractTardigrades are remarkable microscopic animals that survive harsh conditions such as desiccation and extreme temperatures. Tardigrade‐specific intrinsically disordered proteins (TDPs) play an essential role in the survival of tardigrades in extreme environments. Cytosolic‐abundant heat soluble (CAHS) protein, a key TDP, is known to increase desiccation tolerance and to protect the activity of several enzymes under dehydrated conditions. However, the function and properties of each CAHS domain have not yet been elucidated in detail. Here, we aimed to elucidate the protective role of highly conserved motif 1 of CAHS in extreme environmental conditions. To examine CAHS domains, three protein constructs, CAHS Full (1–229), CAHS ∆Core (1–120_184–229), and CAHS Core (121–183), were engineered. The highly conserved CAHS motif 1 (124–142) in the CAHS Core formed an amphiphilic α helix, reducing the aggregate formation and protecting lactate dehydrogenase activity during dehydration–rehydration and freeze–thaw treatments, indicating that CAHS motif 1 in the CAHS Core was essential for maintaining protein solubility and stability. Aggregation assays and confocal microscopy revealed that the intrinsically disordered N‐ and C‐terminal domains were more prone to aggregation under our experimental conditions. By explicating the functions of each domain in CAHS, our study proposes the possibility of using engineered proteins or peptides derived from CAHS as a potential candidate for biological applications in extreme environmental stress responses.
Insecticide mixtures—uses, benefits and considerations
Authors: Sparks Thomas C 
Published: February 2024

AbstractInsecticides remain an important tool for the control of many insect pests. There has long been an interest in insecticide mixtures (in‐can and tank‐mix) as a means to provide the needed efficacy and/or spectrum to control many insect public health, crop pests or crop pest complexes. This aspect has become more important since insecticides developed in the last 30 years tend to be narrower in spectrum with many primarily focused on either sap‐feeding or chewing insect pests. Insecticide mixtures are also seen as an important approach to insect resistance management (IRM) with certain requirements for optimal implementation. Additionally, insecticide mixtures can also address certain agronomic, commercial and intellectual property needs and opportunities. This perspective will review some of the drivers and considerations for insecticide mixtures and their potential uses. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Seasonal efficacy and risks from a sodium nitrite toxic bait for wild pigs
Authors: Snow Nathan P. , Glow Michael P. , Foster Justin A. , VerCauteren Kurt C. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDWild pigs (Sus scrofa) are an invasive and destructive species throughout many regions of the world. A sodium nitrite (SN) toxic bait is currently used in Australia and being developed for use in the US and other countries to combat the increasing populations of wild pigs. In the US, efforts to modify the Australian SN‐toxic bait and baiting strategy have focused on reducing issues with non‐target animals accessing the SN‐toxic bait spilled outside of bait stations by wild pigs. We tested and compared modifications for efficacy (with wild pigs) and hazards (with non‐targets) in north‐central Texas, US during summer (July 2021) and winter (March 2023) seasons.RESULTSDuring both seasons we found that visitation to the bait sites declined 94–99% after deploying the SN‐toxic bait, and we found a total of 106 dead wild pigs, indicating considerable lethality for the local population. Prior to deploying the SN‐toxic bait, Global Positioning System (GPS)‐collared wild pigs were more likely to cease visiting bait sites during summer when foraging resources were abundant. Farrowing decreased visitation to bait sites during the winter. We observed no dead non‐targets during summer; winter results showed an average of 5.2 dead migrating birds per bait site (primarily Dark‐eye juncos [Junco hyemalis]) from consuming SN‐toxic bait spilled by wild pigs. The presence and winter‐foraging behaviors of migrating birds appeared to increase hazards for those species.CONCLUSIONThe current formulation of SN‐toxic bait was effective at removing wild pigs during both seasons, however it is clear that different baiting strategies may be required in winter when migrating birds are present. Baiting wild pigs prior to farrowing during the winter, and during drier summers, may further improve efficacy of the bait. Reducing hazards to non‐targets could be achieved by refining the SN‐toxic bait or modifying bait stations to decrease the potential for spillage, decreasing environmental persistence if spilled, or decreasing attractiveness to migrating birds. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry. This article has been contributed to by U.S. Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA.
Metarhizium rileyi with broad‐spectrum insecticidal ability confers resistance against phytopathogens and insect pests as a phytoendophyte
Authors: Zhang Zhengkun , Sui Li , Tian Yifan , Lu Yang , Xia Xinyao , Liu Wende , Cheng Ke , Li Qiyun , Shi Wangpeng 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDEntomophagous fungi (EPF) not only directly kill insect pests, but also colonize plants and improve their resistance against pests. However, most previous research has focused on Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae, and there are few reports on whether other EPF can enhance resistance against pests via endogenous colonization. Herein, an EPF strain was isolated from diseased larvae of Spodoptera litura in a soybean field, and subjected to genome‐wide sequencing at the chromosomal level. The pathogenicity of the isolate toward various pest insects was evaluated, and the ability to colonize plants and induce resistance against phytopathogens and insect pests was tested.RESULTSThe purified isolate was identified as M. rileyi and designated MrS1Gz1–1. Biological assays revealed its strong pathogenicity toward five insect pests belonging to Lepidoptera and Hemiptera. Furthermore, the strain inhibited the growth of soil‐borne plant disease caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in vitro. It colonized plants as an endophyte via soil application, thereby inducing plant resistance‐related genes against phytopathogen infection, and it disrupted the feeding selectivity of S. litura larvae.CONCLUSIONM. rileyi MrS1Gz1–1 has potential as a broad‐spectrum microbial control agent that can induce resistance against phytopathogens and insect pests feeding as an endotype. The complete genome provides a valuable resource for exploring host interactions. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Involvement of a catalase gene in lignin catalysis and immune defense against pathogenic fungus in Coptotermes formosanus: a potential new target for termite control
Authors: Zeng Wenhui , Shen Danni , Wu Wenjing , Zhang Shijun , Li Zhiqiang , Zhang Dandan 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDDetoxifying enzymes are likely involved in lignin feeding and immune defense mechanisms within termites, rendering them potential targets for biological control. However, investigations into the dual functionality of termite detoxification enzymes in vivo have not been documented.RESULTSIn this study, the complete cDNA of the catalase gene (Cfcat) derived from Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki was amplified. CFCAT comprises an open reading frame spanning 1527 bp, encoding a 508‐amino acid sequence. The highest expression was observed in the epidermal tissues (including the fat body and hemolymph) followed by the foregut/salivary gland. Furthermore, we confirmed the catalase activity of the recombinant Cfcat protein. Using RNA interference (RNAi) technology, the importance of Cfcat in the lignin‐feeding of C. formosanus was demonstrated, and the role of Cfcat in innate immunity was investigated. Survival assays showed that Cfcat RNAi significantly increased the susceptibility of C. formosanus to Metarhizium anisopliae. Irrespective of the infection status, Cfcat inhibition had a significant impact on multiple factors of humoral and intestinal immunity in C. formosanus. Notably, Cfcat RNAi exhibited a more pronounced immunosuppressive effect on humoral immunity than on intestinal immunity.CONCLUSIONCfcat plays an important role in the regulation of innate immunity and lignin feeding in C. formosanus. Cfcat RNAi can weaken the immune response of termites against M. anisopliae, which may aid the biocontrol efficiency of M. anisopliae against C. formosanus. This study provides a theoretical basis and technical reference for the development of a novel biocontrol strategy targeting detoxifying enzymes of termites. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Underlying physical mechanisms of winter precipitation extremes over India's high mountain region
Authors: Nischal  , Attada Raju , Hunt Kieran M. R. , Barlow Mathew 
Published: February 2024

AbstractExtreme precipitation events (EPEs) are among the most pervasive weather hazards in the western Himalayan region (WHR), posing widespread damage to life, infrastructure, and agriculture. This study investigates the synoptic and large‐scale characteristics linked to winter precipitation extremes over the WHR. EPEs are identified as events surpassing the 95th percentile threshold. A composite analysis is employed using two reanalyses—the fifth‐generation European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts Reanalysis (ERA5) and the Indian Monsoon Data Assimilation and Analysis (IMDAA)—to elucidate the synoptic conditions conducive to EPEs. Our findings suggest that EPEs in the WHR are linked to an intensified subtropical westerly jet, characteristically shifted to south than normal. Enhanced kinetic energy in the upper troposphere, attributed to increased baroclinic instability, reinforces moisture convergence and strengthens synoptic‐scale circulation, triggering deep convection and supporting EPEs. Notably, the interplay of pronounced Rossby waves sinking over the WHR and regional orography significantly modulates the intensity of western disturbances (WDs). Employing clustering analysis, we observed that the strongest EPEs are linked to anomalous vorticity in the upper to middle troposphere, together with deep convection via strengthened WDs, suggesting the potential role of large‐scale influences. Using Lagrangian method, we identify that the Arabian Sea is the primary moisture source for EPEs in the WHR. We further delved into the role of large‐scale connections and EPEs through quasi‐resonant amplification (QRA) analysis. The findings unveil distinct QRA fingerprints in meridional temperature gradients along with notably magnified, quasi‐stationary midlatitude planetary waves characterized by zonal wave numbers 6/7/8 (baroclinic waves) contributing to EPEs. Overall, our results highlight the underlying physical mechanisms for winter precipitation extremes, emphasizing QRA's role in amplifying planetary waves and promoting EPEs, underscoring the WHR's vulnerability to evolving climatic conditions.
Oligomeric Zinc Thiolates Tethering Multidentate Carboxylates for Nondestructive Aqueous Phase Transfer of Quantum Dots
Authors: Han Jisu , Choi Yeongho , Lee Hyeonjun , Lee Doh C. , Lim Jaehoon 
Published: February 2024

AbstractFunctionalization of quantum dots (QDs) via ligand exchange is prone to debase their photoluminescence quantum yield (PL QY) owing to the unavoidable surface damage by excess reactants, and even worse in aqueous medium. Herein, the oligomeric zinc thiolate as the multidentate hydrophilic ligand featuring facile synthetic protocol is proposed. A simple reaction between ZnCl2 and 3‐mercaptopropionic acid produces oligomeric ligands containing 3–6 zinc thiolate units, where the terminal moieties provide multidentate anchoring to the surface as well as hydrophilicity. 2D proton nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy (2D 1H NOESY) and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) reveal that the oligomeric zinc thiolate ligands adsorb on the surface via multidentate metal carboxylate bindings without destruction of molecular structure, regardless of partial dissociation of thiolate branches in aqueous phase. Enhanced binding affinity granted by the multidentate nature allows for the effective exchange of original surface ligands without considerable surface deterioration. The zinc thiolate‐capped Cd‐free aqueous QDs exhibit a high photoluminescence quantum yield of ≈90% and extended stability against long‐term storage and photochemical stress.
Pasting Characteristics and In Vitro and In Vivo Digestibility of Low‐, Medium‐, and High‐Amylose Types of Mung Bean Flour after Heat‐Moisture Treatment
Authors: Phi Nguyen Thi Lan , Han Nguyen Duong Ngoc , Tien Nguyen Ngoc Thanh , Huong Nguyen Thi Mai , Van Hung Pham 
Published: February 2024

AbstractMung bean (Vigna radiata L.) flour varieties of varying amylose content are heat‐moisture treated at 100 °C for 6 h, and changes in their pasting properties and digestibility are investigated. Amylose content of the low‐amylose (LAM MB), medium‐amylose (MAM MB), and high‐amylose mung bean flour (HAM MB) is 16.1%, 23.2%, and 31.7%, respectively. Mung bean flour after heat‐moisture treatment (HMT) shows significantly reduced peak and breakdown viscosities and swelling power compared to those in native flours. However, pasting temperature, final and setback viscosities, and solubility of the mung bean flour significantly increase after HMT. The treated mung bean flour also contains higher amounts of resistant starch (RS, 19.6%–30.6%) than that in the corresponding untreated flour (14.9%–17.5%). Consequently, mung bean flour subjected to HMT induces a lower blood glucose response in mice and exhibits lower glycemic index (GI) values than that of untreated flour. Among all mung flour types subjected to HMT, the HAM MB exhibits the highest viscosity, solubility, and swelling power and has the highest RS content (30.64%), and the lowest blood glucose response and GI value. Thus, mung bean flour after HMT with desirable properties and digestibility can be used in the production of low‐carbohydrate foods.
Minimizing the Health Issues by Potentiating the Sweetness of Sugars Through Mid‐Infrared Application
Authors: kanthan Uma , Mathi Madhu 
Published: February 2024

AbstractSugar in the natural state contains fibers, vitamins, and minerals, but these are absent in commonly used white sugar. Icing sugar is prepared by mixing corn starch and sugar and is used for confections. White and icing sugars, however, have been implicated in causing the rapid rise of several chronic diseases, e.g., diabetics, hence face slow market strangulation. It is possible that by potentiating the inherent sweetness of sugars, intake can be reduced, and thereby, the pronicity and risk of chronic diseases will also be reduced. In fact this is a present challenge to multi‐faculty science. It subjects the white and icing sugars to 2–6 µm mid‐infrared (mid‐IR) ray generated through recently invented mid‐IR generating atomizer (MIRGA). This technique enhances the sweetness, and thereby, 15%–30% reduce the sugar quantity requirement in prepared recipes. This method is found to be safe and economical, saves resources and chance for better health.
Interfacial engineering for high‐performance garnet‐based solid‐state lithium batteries
Authors: Wang Lingchen , Wu Jiaxin , Bao Chengshuai , You Zichang , Lu Yan , Wen Zhaoyin 
Published: February 2024

AbstractSolid‐state batteries represent the future of energy storage technology, offering improved safety and energy density. Garnet‐type Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZO) solid‐state electrolytes‐based solid‐state lithium batteries (SSLBs) stand out for their appealing material properties and chemical stability. Yet, their successful deployment depends on conquering interfacial challenges. This review article primarily focuses on the advancement of interfacial engineering for LLZO‐based SSLBs. We commence with a concise introduction to solid‐state electrolytes and a discussion of the challenges tied to interfacial properties in LLZO‐based SSLBs. We deeply explore the correlations between structure and properties and the design principles vital for achieving an ideal electrode/electrolyte interface. Subsequently, we delve into the latest advancements and strategies dedicated to overcoming these challenges, with designated sections on cathode and anode interface design. In the end, we share our insights into the advancements and opportunities for interface design in realizing the full potential of LLZO‐based SSLBs, ultimately contributing to the development of safe and high‐performance energy storage solutions.
Developments and applications of the HYDRUS computer software packages since 2016
Authors: Šimůnek Jiří , Brunetti Giuseppe , Jacques Diederik , van Genuchten Martinus Th. , Šejna Miroslav 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe HYDRUS codes have become standard tools for addressing many soil, agricultural, environmental, and hydrological problems requiring the evaluation of various subsurface physical, chemical, and biological processes. There are now many thousands of HYDRUS users worldwide, with thousands of applications of the HYDRUS models appearing in the peer‐reviewed literature. In this manuscript, we provide an overview of the capabilities of the most recent Version 5 of HYDRUS, focusing primarily on features implemented since 2016. We briefly describe the standard HYDRUS model and its standard and nonstandard specialized add‐on modules that significantly expand the capabilities of the software packages. The standard add‐on modules include HPx, UNSATCHEM, Wetland, Furrow, PFAS, COSMIC, DPU, SLOPE Cube, and Particle Tracking. Recent developments of the HYDRUS Package for MODFLOW are also described, along with additional capabilities incorporated into the graphical user interface supporting HYDRUS. Also discussed are new or improved options to simulate the fate and transport of environmental isotopes, multi‐cropping systems, compensated root water uptake, and hydraulic redistribution within the rootzone, which will be implemented in upcoming add‐on modules. Another objective is to review selected applications of the HYDRUS models, such as evaluations of various irrigation, low‐impact development (LID), and managed aquifer recharge (MAR) schemes.
Luftqualität und Klimawandel
Authors: Wahner Andreas , Kiendler-Scharr Astrid , Klemp Dieter , Schultz Martin G. 
Published: February 2024

ZusammenfassungDie Qualität der Luft beeinflusst in besonderer Weise die menschliche Gesundheit und hat auch Auswirkungen auf die Landwirtschaft und Ökosysteme. Viele Luftschadstoffe absorbieren oder streuen zudem die Sonnen- oder Wärmestrahlung und sind daher klimawirksam. Luftchemische Prozesse hängen, ebenso wie die Emissionen, von klimatischen Faktoren wie Sonneneinstrahlung, Temperatur und Niederschlag ab. Deshalb ist zu erwarten, dass die projizierten Klimaänderungen für Deutschland die Luftschadstoffkonzentrationen ebenfalls beeinflussen werden, auch wenn dieser Zusammenhang noch nicht gut erforscht ist. Dieses Kapitel vermittelt einen Überblick über die Zusammenhänge und weist zumindest qualitativ auf mögliche künftige Entwicklungen hin. Im Vordergrund stehen die Entwicklungen bei Feinstaub und Ozon.