bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk factors of early adverse events associated with endoscopic ultrasound-guided hepaticogastrostomy using self-expandable metal stent
Authors: Nakaji So , Takahashi Hirokazu , Yoshioka Wataru , Shiratori Toshiyasu , Yoshimura Shigenobu , Kawamitsu Natsuki , Tomonari Akiko 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background and study aims This retrospective study aimed to investigate risk factors for early adverse events (AEs) associated with endoscopic ultrasonography-guided hepaticogastrostomy (EUS-HGS) using self-expandable metal stents (SEMS).
Patients and methods The clinical success rate, technical success rate, and early AEs were assessed at two hospitals from 2010 to 2022. The analysis focused on risk factors associated with cholangitis, peritonitis, and SEMS migration.
Results Technical success was achieved in all cases (94/94), and clinical success was 96.8% (91/94). Post-procedural acute cholangitis occurred in 12.8%of cases (12/94). However, no statistically significant risk factors were identified for cholangitis or biliary tract infection. Peritonitis occurred in only 2.1% of cases (2/94). Univariate analysis, using a 1.5 cm cut-off for the distance between the liver and gastrointestinal tract, revealed significant risk factors: braided-type SEMS, bile duct diameter (especially >4 mm), 6 mm diameter SEMS, and tract dilation (P=0.001, P=0.020, P=0.023, and P=0.046, respectively). Adjusting the cut-offs to 2 cm underscored braided-type SEMS and tract dilation as risk factors (P=0.002 and P=0.046, respectively). With 2.5-cm cut-offs, only braided-type SEMS remained significant (P=0.018). Mortality within 14 and 30 days following EUS-HGS was 5.3% (5/94) and 16.0% (15/94), respectively.
Conclusions EUS-HGS using SEMS demonstrated high technical and clinical success rates. Laser-cut SEMS may be superior in preventing early AEs.
Innovative Clinical Scenario Simulator for Step-by-Step Microsurgical Training
Authors: Cui Lei , Han Yan , Liu Xin , Jiao Bao L. , Su Hong G. , Chai Mi , Chen Miao , Shu Jun , Pu Wen W. , He Le R. , Han Yu D. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background Microsurgical training should be implemented with consideration of operative difficulties that occur in actual clinical situations. We evaluated the effectiveness of a novel clinical scenario simulator for step-by-step microsurgical training that progressed from conventional training to escalated training with additional obstacles.
Methods A training device was designed according to multiple and intricate clinical microsurgery scenarios. Twenty surgical residents with no experience in microsurgery were randomly assigned to either the control group (conventional training curricula, n = 10) or the experimental group (step-by-step training courses, n = 10). After 4 weeks of laboratory practice, the participants were scheduled to perform their first microvascular anastomoses on patients in an operating room. The Global Rating Scale (GRS) scores and operative duration were used to compare microsurgical skills between the two groups.
Results There were no significant differences in the participants' baseline characteristics before microsurgical training between the groups with respect to age, sex, postgraduate year, surgical specialty, or mean GRS score (p < 0.05). There were also no significant differences in recipient sites between the two groups (p = 0.735). After training, the GRS scores in both groups were significantly improved (p = 0.000). However, in the actual microsurgical situations, the GRS scores were significantly higher in the experimental than control group (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the operative duration between the two groups (p < 0.13).
Conclusion Compared with a traditional training program, this step-by-step microsurgical curriculum based on our clinical scenario simulator results in significant improvement in acquisition of microsurgical skills.
Comparisons of Impact of Vein Grafting with Different Indications on Outcomes of Reconstruction with Free Flaps
Authors: Coriddi Michelle , Kim Leslie , Haglich Kathryn , Nelson Jonas , Shahzad Farooq , Dayan Joseph , Disa Joseph , Mehrara Babak , Cordeiro Peter , McCarthy Colleen 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background Prior studies have shown an increased risk of complications and flap loss with the use of vein grafts in microsurgery. We hypothesize that indication for use of a vein graft can affect flap complications and loss rates.
Methods We performed a retrospective review of all patients at our institution from 2010 to 2020 who underwent free flap reconstruction and required use of a vein graft. Indications for vein grafting included: salvage of flap during primary operation after microvascular compromise, augmentation of flow during primary operation, lengthening of the flap pedicle during the primary operation, and salvage of the flap during a secondary salvage operation after microvascular compromise.
Results A total of 79 patients met the study inclusion criteria. There were significant differences among the vein graft indication groups and the following: area of reconstruction (p = 0.002), vein graft length (p = 0.018), vessels grafted (p = 0.001), vein graft donor site (p = 0.011), and total flap loss (p = 0.047). Of the four indications for vein grafting, salvage of the flap during secondary salvage operation after microvascular compromise had the highest rate of total flap loss (26.7%). There were no significant associations between other flap complications and vein graft indications.
Conclusion Vein graft use in the primary reconstructive setting is efficacious, with low risk of thrombosis. Use in secondary procedures, however, is associated with higher rates of total flap loss, likely due to the thrombotic process, which was initiated prior to the use of the graft resulting in the salvage procedure and not secondary to the graft itself.
What Is the Opinion of the Health Care Personnel Regarding the Use of Different Assistive Tools to Improve the Quality of Neonatal Resuscitation?
Authors: Ortiz-Movilla Roberto , Beato-Merino Maite , Funes Moñux Rosa María , Martínez-Bernat Lucía , Domingo-Comeche Laura , Royuela-Vicente Ana , Román-Riechmann Enriqueta , Marín-Gabriel Miguel Ángel 
Published: January 2024

Objective It is important to determine whether the use of different quality improvement tools in neonatal resuscitation is well-received by health care teams and improves coordination and perceived quality of the stabilization of the newborn at birth. This study aimed to explore the satisfaction of personnel involved in resuscitation for infants under 32 weeks of gestational age (<32 wGA) at birth with the use of an assistance toolkit: Random Real-time Safety Audits (RRSA) of neonatal stabilization stations, the use of pre-resuscitation checklists, and the implementation of briefings and debriefings.
Study Design A quasi-experimental, prospective, multicenter intervention study was conducted in five level III-A neonatal intensive care units in Madrid (Spain). The intervention involved conducting weekly RRSA of neonatal resuscitation stations and the systematic use of checklists, briefings, and debriefings during stabilization at birth for infants <32 wGA. The satisfaction with their use was analyzed through surveys conducted with the personnel responsible for resuscitating these newborns. These surveys were conducted both before and after the intervention phase (each lasting 1 year) and used a Likert scale response model to assess various aspects of the utility of the introduced assistance tools, team coordination, and perceived quality of the resuscitation.
Results Comparison of data from 200 preintervention surveys and 155 postintervention surveys revealed statistically significant differences (p < 0.001) between the two phases. The postintervention phase scored higher in all aspects related to the effective utilization of these tools. Improvements were observed in team coordination and the perceived quality of neonatal resuscitation. These improved scores were consistent across personnel roles and years of experience.
Conclusion Personnel attending to infants <32 wGA in the delivery room are satisfied with the application of RRSA, checklists, briefings, and debriefings in the neonatal resuscitation and perceive a higher level of quality in the stabilization of these newborns following the introduction of these tools.
Key Points
Intraoperative Kinematics in Posterior Cruciate Ligament Retaining Total Knee Arthroplasty Using Different Inserts
Authors: Sumida Yoshikazu , Fujimoto Eisaku , Masuda Yasuji , Ishibashi Saori , Sasashige Yoshiaki 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWe analyzed the intraoperative kinematics of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) using a navigation system to investigate the influence of different inserts on kinematics. This was a retrospective observational study. The Vanguard individualized design (33 patients, 33 knees) XP and anterior-stabilized (AS) inserts were used in TKA for osteoarthritis. Kinematic data were intraoperatively recorded. The range of motion, tibiofemoral rotational angle, anteroposterior translation of the femur, and varus-valgus laxity were compared between the two inserts (XP vs. AS). There was no significant difference in the range of motion (extension: XP, 3.7° ± 3.3° vs. AS, 3.8° ± 3.3°, p = 0.84; flexion: XP, 138.1° ± 10.2° vs. AS, 139.0° ± 13.3°, p = 0.73). With the AS insert, the tibia was gradually internally rotated as the knee was flexed. At maximum extension, the internal rotation was smallest with AS (XP 6.5° ± 4.0° vs. AS 5.1° ± 3.4°, p = 0.022), which was also associated with smaller anterior femoral translation (maximum extension: XP, 14.1 ± 4.8 mm vs. AS, 11.3 ± 4.7 mm, p = 0.00036; 30°: XP, 23.7 ± 5.6 mm vs. AS, 20.7 ± 5.1 mm, p = 0.000033; 45°: XP, 24.4 ± 4.9 mm vs. AS, 23.2 ± 4.5 mm, p = 0.0038). The AS was associated with a lower varus-valgus laxity (30° XP 4.1° ± 3.4 vs. AS 3.3° ± 2.7°, p = 0.036; 60°: XP, 3.2° ± 3.0° vs. AS, 2.4° ± 3.3°, p = 0.0089). The AS insert facilitated sequential tibiofemoral rotation with varus-valgus stability in mid-flexion without restricting the range of motion.
Copper-Catalyzed Enantioselective Radical Esterification of Propargylic C–H Bonds
Authors: Zhu Xiaotao , Bao Hongli , Xi Jiajia 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe copper-catalyzed enantioselective radical esterification of propargylic C–H bonds with tert-butyl peroxybenzoate (TBPB) as an oxidizing agent and an oxygenated nucleophile is reported. This variant of the Kharasch–Sosnovsky oxidation allows for the asymmetric esterification of open-chain carbon radicals without excessive amounts of alkyne substrates under mild reaction conditions, achieving a one-step conversion of simple alkynes into chiral propargylic esters.
Effect of Aerobic Training with Blood Flow Restriction on Strength
and Hypertrophy: A Meta-analysis
Authors: Teixeira Filho Carlos Alberto Toledo , Junior Eduardo Pizzo , Vendrame Julia Waszczuk , Da Silva Gabriel Martins , Cavina Allysie Priscilla de Souza , Lemos Leonardo Kesrouani , Vanderlei Franciele Marques 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe objective of this meta-analysis is to compare the effects on muscle strength
and hypertrophy of low and high-intensity aerobic training with BFR (LI-BFR and
HI-BFR) versus low and high-intensity aerobic training without BFR (LI and HI).
The search was performed in five databases, by two independent researchers, and
the terms and keywords used to optimize the searches were related to blood flow
restriction and aerobic training. All studies were evaluated for methodological
quality using the PEDro scale and for quality of evidence using the GRADE
system. Meta-analyses were conducted using RevMan software. After data
extraction, 11 studies met all eligibility criteria and were included in the
systematic review. The results of the overall analysis between LI-BFR vs. LI
showed a significant difference in muscle strength of knee extensors; for
hypertrophy, LI was superior to LI-BFR with clinical relevance. Comparing HI-BFR
vs. HI there was no superiority for muscle strength. In conclusion, for strength
gains very low-quality evidence was found to support no superiority between
LI-BFR and HI-BFR compared to LI and HI, respectively. For muscle hypertrophy,
superiority of LI was found compared to LI-BFR, with a very low level of
evidence.
An Epidemiologic Comparison of Injuries to Skiers and Snowboarders
Treated at United States Emergency Departments, 2000–2019
Authors: Kelley Naomi , Pierpoint Lauren , Saeedi Anahita , Hellwinkel Justin E. , Khodaee Morteza 
Published: January 2024

AbstractSkiing and snowboarding are popular competitive and recreational sports that can
be associated with significant injury. Previous studies of skiing and
snowboarding injuries have been conducted, but studies evaluating injury types
and patterns over long periods of time are needed to drive effective injury
prevention efforts. We hypothesized that injury patterns would differ among
snowboarders and skiers and that the number of injuries remained constant over
time. This is a retrospective study of patients presenting with skiing or
snowboarding injuries to the United States emergency departments from 2000 to
2019. A total of 34,720 injured skiers (48.0%) and snowboarders (52.0%)
presented to US emergency departments over a 20-year period, representing an
estimated 1,620,576 injuries nationwide. There is a decreasing trend of the
number of injuries over the study period (p=0.012). Males represented the
majority (65.7%) of injuries. Skiers were older than snowboarders (mean 30.1 vs.
20.0 years; p<0.001) and patients aged<18 represented more
snowboarding (57.0%) than skiing (43.0%) injuries (p<0.001). Common
diagnoses included fractures (33.0%) and sprains/strains (26.9%). Snowboarders
primarily presented with upper extremity injuries, meanwhile, skiers primarily
presented with lower extremity injuries. Most patients (93.2%), were treated and
discharged from the emergency departments. Understanding the epidemiology of
injuries presenting to emergency departments can help guide prehospital care and
medical coverage allocation for resorts and event organizers, as well as
identifying areas for targeted injury prevention efforts.
Counterfactual mobility network embedding reveals prevalent accessibility gaps in U.S. cities
Authors: Zhang Yunke , Xu Fengli , Chen Lin , Yuan Yuan , Evans James , Bettencourt Luis , Li Yong 
Published: January 2024

AbstractLiving in cities affords expanded access to various resources, infrastructures, and services at reduced travel costs, which improves social life and promotes systemic gains. However, recent research shows that urban dwellers also experience inequality in accessing urban facilities, which manifests in distinct travel and visitation patterns for residents with different demographic backgrounds. Here, we go beyond simple flawed correlation analysis and reveal prevalent accessibility gaps by quantifying the causal effects of resident demographics on mobility patterns extracted from U.S. residents’ detailed interactions with millions of urban venues. Moreover, to efficiently reveal micro neighborhood-level accessibility gaps, we design a novel Counterfactual RANdom-walks-based Embedding (CRANE) method to learn continuous embedding vectors on urban mobility networks with confounding effects disentangled. Our analysis reveals significant income and racial gaps in mobility frequency and visitation rates to sports and education venues. Besides, bachelor’s degree holders experience greater mobility reduction during the COVID-19 crisis. With extensive experiments on neighborhood-level accessibility prediction and visualizing accessibility gaps with embeddings vectors, we demonstrate that the counterfactual mobility network embeddings can improve the explanatory capacity and robustness of revealed accessibility gaps by extending them from aggregate statistics to individual neighborhoods and allowing for cross-city knowledge transfer. As such, urban mobility networks can reveal consistent accessibility gaps in the U.S., calling for urgent urban design policies to fill in the gaps.
Early assessment of tobacco excise sharing fund as policy for farmers’ viable alternatives in Indonesia: case study of four municipalities in Indonesia
Authors: Ahsan Abdillah , Wiyono Nur Hadi , Amalia Nadira , Rusdjijati Retno , Veruswati Meita , Martini Santi , Prabandari Yayi Suryo , Yuniar Adela Miranti 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIndonesia’s Tobacco Excise Sharing Fund (DBHCHT) policy mandates that part of the fund be allocated for tobacco crop diversification – reducing the farmers’ reliance on the tobacco industry as well as implementing Article 17 of the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC). We collected primary data from key stakeholders in four main tobacco-producing municipalities. A number of challenges related to DBHCHT utilization remained at subnational levels. The suboptimal use of DBHCHT could be explained in part by (i) constantly changing central government regulations, (ii) farmers’ unawareness of DBHCHT regulations, (iii) delays in DBHCHT allocation, and (iv) supply and demand mismatches. Although Indonesia has not been a part of the FCTC ratification, the DBHCHT mandate is in line with the FCTC article 17, i.e., promoting economically viable alternatives for tobacco farmers. This study concluded that DBHCHT utilization needs to go further to void this mandate given the challenges at the subnational level. Therefore, this study recommends additional technical and practical regulations involving multisectoral stakeholders and the use of DBHCHT to meet the financial needs of crop diversification.
Articulating the social responsibilities of translational science
Authors: Smith Elise M. R. , Molldrem Stephen , Farroni Jeffrey S. , Tumilty Emma 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn recent funding calls, the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences has shifted its focus from “translational research,” which applies to studies in specific therapeutic areas, toward “translational science” interventions which aim to modify the system of translational discovery in the health sciences. To date, the social responsibilities of translational science have not been adequately articulated. In this paper, we argue that the ethical practice of translational science should include explicit social responsibilities that contribute to improved health outcomes and decreased disparities. Articulating social responsibilities specific to translational science is justified based on three of the field’s foundational elements: (1) the social contract regarding public funding of research, (2) the goals of translational science, and (3) the increased risk of direct, indirect, and systemic harms from translational science, which involve system-level changes. We integrate social responsibilities into a framework which prioritizes developing relevant, usable, and sustainable innovations in translational science and provide three illustrative examples to demonstrate the practical application of this framework.
Optical and geometric parameter extraction across 300-mm photonic integrated circuit wafers
Authors: Butt Jordan N. , Tyndall Nathan F. , Pruessner Marcel W. , Walsh Kyle J. , Miller Benjamin L. , Fahrenkopf Nicholas M. , Antohe Alin O. , Stievater Todd H. 
Published: January 2024

The precise quantification of a dielectric waveguide core thickness, core width, core refractive index, and cladding refractive index across a wafer is critical for greater consistency and accuracy in photonic circuit fabrication. However, accurate wafer-scale measurements of these parameters have not yet been demonstrated. We have previously described a method for extracting these four parameters simultaneously from silicon nitride waveguides using unbalanced Mach–Zehnder interferometers on a single die. In this work, we show that this technique can be scaled to characterize these photonic parameters across an entire 300 mm wafer. The refractive indices of the core and cladding materials are found with relative standard deviations of the mean of 0.07% and 0.03%, respectively. The core width offset (bias) and thickness are found with relative standard deviations of 0.3% (2.6 nm) and 0.5% (1.1 nm), respectively. The extracted parameter maps suggest a radial variation of material indices and a planar variation of geometric parameters. We verify the extracted parameters by accurately predicting the performance of an unbalanced Mach–Zehnder interferometer and the degeneracy between different modes in straight waveguides.
Use of electrolyte and betaine water supplementation to support improved liveweight gain of commercial Pekin ducks exposed to adverse high temperature in the week prior to processing
Authors: Downing J. A. 
Published: January 2024

Context Commercial Pekin Ducks housed in conventional open-sided sheds often experience heat stress in summer. Electrolyte or osmolyte supplements can help birds cope under heat stress. Aims To assess the effects of water electrolyte/betaine supplementation or betaine in feed on the growth performance of Pekin ducks exposed to high ambient temperature. Methods Commercial Cherry Valley Pekin ducks were fed diets with a dietary electrolyte balance (DEB) of 160 (L-DEB) or 209 (H-DEB) over Days 15–41 (D15–41) of age. Over D36–41, ducks were provided with water alone or supplemented with betaine in the feed (BF), or betaine and an ‘in-house’ electrolyte (E) formulation at 50%, 100% or 150% (D36–41) or at 100% for only 36 h on D40–41. There were 12 treatments with four replicate pens for each treatment. On D36–41 of age, temperature was increased to 28–32°C for 9 h (from 08:30 hours to 17:30 hours) and then returned to 22–24°C for the remainder of the day. Individual liveweights were taken on D28, D35, D41. During these times, feed intake and water consumption were determined. On D41, one male and one female from each pen were weighed, euthanised and breast muscle was removed and weighed. Birds were collected for commercial processing at 04:00 hours on D42. Key results Over D15–35, the DEB had no effect on bird performance. Over D36–41, for liveweight gain (LWG) there were significant interactions between treatment × week (P < 0.001) and treatment × diet (P = 0.017). Supplements E150 and E100 + 36 h supported LWG more than did other treatments, while treatments BF, E50 and E100 supported higher LWG than in controls. On the L-DEB diet, the control birds had a LWG lower than in other treatments (P < 0.05). On the H-DEB diet, the E50 supplement had highest LWG, but comparable to that in E100 + 36 h. The supplements had no effects on breast muscle yield, weight losses during transport and lairage or processed carcass weights. Conclusions The electrolyte supplements supported higher LWG during exposure to moderately adverse high temperature. Supply for 36 h supported LWG equivalent or better than did other treatments given over 6 days. The benefits could be related to increased water intake and not just electrolyte supply. Implications Water electrolyte plus betaine supplementation supports improved Pekin duck performance during a moderately high temperature challenge.