bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of physical method and enzymatic hydrolysis on the properties of soybean fiber‐rich stabilizer for oil in water emulsions
Authors: Huang Lihua , Cai Yongjian , Zhao Qiangzhong , Zhao Dongrui , Hu Yulin , Zhao Mouming , Van der Meeren Paul 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDOkara is a by‐product from the soybean industry and an abundant resource of insoluble soybean fiber (ISF). ISF with various properties could be obtained by different extraction methods. It is an attractive option to utilize okara by taking advantage of ISF as an emulsifier or stabilizer.RESULTSCompared with the untreated ISF (ISFUT), superfine grinding reduced the particle size and viscosity of ISF (ISFSG). Steam explosion increased the water solubility from 17.5% to 51.7% but decreased the water holding capacity and swelling capacity of ISF (ISFSE) from 15.0 and 14.0 g/g to 4.2 and 3.3 g/g, respectively. Emulsions prepared by ISFUT and ISFSG before or after enzymatic hydrolysis presented large oil droplets and were unstable. Although emulsions prepared by ISFSE after enzymatic hydrolysis (ISFSE‐E) showed flocculation, the volume‐weighted average diameter (19.7 μm) were the smallest while the viscosity and viscoelastic modulus were the highest, and exhibited excellent physical stability during storage.CONCLUSIONISF obtained by physical and hydrolysis treatment displayed diverging physicochemical properties while ISF prepared by steam explosion‐enzymatic hydrolysis presented the best potential to stabilize emulsions. The present study could provide novel information about the utilization of okara by the application of ISF as an emulsifier or stabilizer. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Immune checkpoint inhibitors in hepatocellular carcinoma: A review of current clinical trials
Authors: Gamboa Adriana C. , Kooby David A. , Maithel Shishir K. , Gamblin T. Clark 
Published: December 2023

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver cancer with a poor prognosis due to advanced disease presentation or recurrence despite curative‐intent resection. Since the approval of sorafenib in 2007, few systemic therapies offered a significant improvement in treatment outcomes. Over the last 3 years, however, rapid advancements in the field of immunotherapy have led to approval of checkpoint inhibitors in 2020 for use in advanced HCC. Since then, a few other clinical trials have shown promising results in the adjuvant and neoadjuvant setting. The objective of this review is to summarize data from existing clinical trials evaluating the use of systemic immune checkpoint inhibitors in HCC and to follow the natural evolution of this development across the metastatic, adjuvant, and neoadjuvant landscapes.
A Promising Electrochemical Sensor Platform for the Detection of Dopamine Using CuO‐NiO/rGO Composite
Authors: Krishnasamy Vinotha , Nair Gayathri Geetha , Sha Mizaj Shabil , Kannan Karthik , Al‐maadeed Somaya , Muthalif Asan G.A. , Sadasivuni Kishor Kumar 
Published: December 2023

AbstractDopamine plays a significant role in the proper functioning of the central nervous system. Hence, the ability to sense levels of dopamine is pivotal in diagnosis and treatment procedures. For sensing dopamine, a mixed metal oxide nanocomposite (NC) of copper oxide‐nickel oxide/reduced graphene oxide (CuO‐NiO/rGO) is fabricated by the sol–gel method, and it is used to modify the glassy carbon electrode. The structural and morphological characterizations are done by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Energy dispersive X‐ray (EDAX), Raman, and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM). XRD results exhibit monoclinic CuO, cubic NiO, and hexagonal rGO structures. The Raman studies confirm the D and G bands for rGO. Different electrochemical techniques are used to examine the efficacy of nanocomposite in detecting dopamine. The CuO‐NiO metal oxide NC response compared with the CuO‐NiO/rGO NC shows a better response by rGO containing nanocomposite.Further, the chronoamperometric method is employed, and the diffusion coefficient is calculated as 1.04 × 10−6 cm2 s−1. The differential pulse voltammetry is carried out to measure the nanocomposite's sensitivity and detection limit (LOD). The catalyst exhibits a sensitivity of 7.2 µA cm−2 mM−1 and a LOD of 0.006 µM. The composite can be used as a flexible skin patch sensor to predict abnormal dopamine levels such as Parkinson's disease.
Spatiotemporal Gait Differences before and after Botulinum Toxin in People with Focal Dystonia: A Pilot Study
Authors: Cuinat Justine , Debû Bettina , Meoni Sara , Pelissier Pierre , Castrioto Anna , Fraix Valérie , Moro Elena 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe impact of focal dystonia on gait has attracted little attention and remains elusive. Considering the importance of both visual and head control in gait, blepharospasm and cervical dystonia should affect gait. Improvement of cervical/eyelid control following botulinum toxin (BTX) injections would translate into gait changes.ObjectivesTo assess gait differences in people with focal dystonia before and after BTX treatment.MethodsTen patients with blepharospasm, 10 patients with cervical dystonia, and 20 healthy age‐ and gender‐matched controls were included. Gait was assessed before and 1‐month after BTX injections using Biodex Gait Trainer™ 3. Gait velocity, cadence, step length, step asymmetry, and variability of step length were compared between patients and controls, and between the two time‐points using non‐parametric statistics.ResultsAt baseline, compared to controls, cervical dystonia patients showed reduced gait velocity, step length, and cadence. After BTX injections, while gait velocity and step length were significantly increased and step length variability reduced, gait parameters still differed between patients and controls. In blepharospasm patients, baseline gait velocity and step length were significantly smaller than in controls. After BTX injections, these gait parameters were significantly increased and variability decreased, so that patients no longer differed from controls.ConclusionGait differences exist between patients with focal dystonia not directly affecting the lower limbs and healthy controls. These gait abnormalities were improved differently by BTX treatment according to the type of dystonia. These disparities suggest different pathophysiological mechanisms and support the need for changes in rehabilitation routines in cervical dystonia.
Astaxanthin Augmented the Anti‐Hepatocellular Carcinoma Efficacy of Sorafenib Through the Inhibition of the JAK2/STAT3 Signaling Pathway and Mitigation of Hypoxia within the Tumor Microenvironment
Authors: Ren Pengfei , Tang Qingjuan , He Xinjia , Xu Jie , Wang Yuming , Xue Changhu 
Published: December 2023

ScopeThe optimization of anti‐cancer drug effectiveness through dietary modifications has garnered significant attention among researchers in recent times. Astaxanthin (AST) has been identified as a safe and biologically active dietary supplement.Methods and resultsThe tumor‐bearing mice are treated with sorafenib, along with supplementation of 60 mg kg−1 AST during the treatment. The coadministration of AST and a subclinical dosage of 10 mg kg−1 sorafenib demonstrates a tumor inhibition rate of 76.5%, which is notably superior to the 45% inhibition rate observed with the clinical dosage of 30 mg kg−1 sorafenib (p < 0.05). The administration of AST leads to a tumor inhibition increase of around 25% when combined with the clinical dose of 30 mg kg−1 sorafenib (p <0.05). AST enhances the inhibitory effect of sorafenib on tumor angiogenesis through the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. Furthermore, AST exhibits a reduction in hypoxia within the tumor microenvironment.ConclusionThe results suggest that AST supplement enhances the inhibitory effects of sorafenib on hepatocellular carcinoma. This study presents a new dietary management program for oncology patients.
Consolidation analysis for soft soil with non‐Darcian flow considering variable discharge capacity of prefabricated vertical drain
Authors: Xiao Zhi‐Rong , Chen Yuan , Hu An‐Feng , Xie Sen‐Lin , Chen Yi‐Yang , Li Tang 
Published: December 2023

AbstractGround improvement is a complex issue, and accurately predicting the consolidation and settlement of soft soil with prefabricated vertical drain (PVD) presents a significant challenge. Recent laboratory and field tests have highlighted the influence of the variable discharge capacity of PVD and the non‐Darcian flow behavior of soft soil on consolidation. However, existing theories have not yet considered these two factors simultaneously. To address this gap, a numerical solution for consolidation analysis incorporating non‐Darcian flow and variable discharge capacity of PVD was developed and applied in a test area. The results of this study demonstrate the significant impact of both non‐Darcian flow and variable discharge capacity on the consolidation rate. A comprehensive comparison between the findings of this numerical solution, the degenerate solution, and monitored data reveals clear differences. Notably, the non‐Darcian exponent (s) and discharge capacity parameters (A3) were found to exert a greater influence on consolidation behavior compared to other factors. These findings provide valuable guidance for the design and implementation of following airport ground improvement strategies.
A machine‐learning supported multi‐scale LBM‐TPM model of unsaturated, anisotropic, and deformable porous materials
Authors: Chaaban Mohamad , Heider Yousef , Sun WaiChing , Markert Bernd 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the utilization of artificial neural networks (ANNs) in learning models that address the nonlinear anisotropic flow and hysteresis retention behavior of deformable porous materials. Herein, the micro‐geometries of various networks of porous Bentheimer Sandstones subjected to several degrees of strain from the literature are considered. For the generation of the database required for the training, validation, and testing of the machine learning (ML) models, single‐phase and biphasic lattice Boltzmann (LB) simulations are performed. The anisotropic nature of the intrinsic permeability is investigated for the single‐phase LB simulations. Thereafter, the database contains the computed average fluid velocities versus the pressure gradients. In this database, the range of applied fluid pressure gradients includes Darcy as well as non‐Darcy flows. The generated output from the single‐phase flow simulations is implemented in a feed‐forward neural network, representing a path‐independent informed graph‐based model. Concerning the two‐phase LB simulations, the Shan‐Chen multiphase LB model is used to generate the retention curves of the cyclic drying/wetting processes in the deformed porous networks. Consequently, two different ML path‐dependent approaches, that is, 1D convolutional neural network and the recurrent neural network, are used to model the biphasic flow through the deformable porous materials. A comparison in terms of accuracy and speed of training between the two approaches is presented. Conclusively, the outcomes of the papers show the capability of the ML models in representing constitutive relations for permeability and hysteretic retention curves accurately and efficiently.
Amplifying the lived experiences of parenteral nutrition consumers through the thematic analysis of social media posts
Authors: Barrera Regina , Poindexter Kristy , Tucker Chandler , Winkler Marion F. , Dashti Hassan S. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundConsumers of parenteral nutrition (PN) and their caregivers use social media to seek advice and support from their peers and to share experiences. We aimed to leverage posts from a social media patient community to identify common lived experiences of consumers of PN to prioritize opportunities for support through advocacy, education, and research.MethodsAnonymous posts with high engagement were collected over 4 months from a PN‐focused social media support group platform. No personal information was collected or analyzed. Post content was reviewed for demographic characteristics. Thematic analysis involved inductive coding to identify content‐based keywords. Keywords were then used to form major themes and subthemes that were then quantified by post counts.ResultsA total of 306 social media posts were analyzed. Most were from adult PN consumers (80.4%) and pertained to home‐based PN (82%). Equivalent number of posts (5%) were from new consumers and those who had not yet started or restarting PN. The analysis revealed 12 major themes with 2–11 subthemes each, spanning medical, nutrition, emotional, and social aspects. The most prevalent theme was “Best practices, care, and safety of PN use” (36.9%), covering posts seeking guidance on line care, personal hygiene, equipment use, and vascular access devices. Others included “Symptoms” (23.9%) and “Patient safety concerns of PN handling by healthcare providers” (16.0%).ConclusionsThe identified themes provide a broader understanding of contemporary shared lived experiences and concerns relevant to PN consumers and their caregivers. Given the evolving nature of daily stressors, periodic reanalysis may be necessary.
Experimental and numerical investigation on low‐velocity impact response of sandwich structure with functionally graded core
Authors: T. S. Mohan Kumar , Joladarashi Sharnappa , Kulkarni S. M. , Doddamani Saleemsab 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe present research investigates optimizing the impact resistance of functionally graded sandwich structures using experimental and numerical approaches. The low‐velocity impact (LVI) responses of functionally graded sandwich composite (FGSC) with different configurations with skin material jute/rubber/jute (JRJ) and core material having epoxy and sea sand by volume fraction of sea sand at 0%, 10%, 20%, and 30%. Sandwich structures were impacted with LVI (5.89, 10.92, and 15.18 m/s), with the impactor dropped from heights of 0.5, 1, and 1.5 m with precompressed spring loads. FGSC samples are considered a deformable body, and the impactor is modeled as a rigid body using commercially accessible dynamic explicit software. The burn‐out test and weight method were used to test the core's gradience; both methods' results substantially matched, and the variance in gradation could be observed. The proposed sandwich structure characteristics are examined by energy absorption, peak force, energy loss percentage, and coefficient of restitution. Results showed that SC30S provides greater energy absorption and superior damage resistance when tested on LVI. To evaluate the accuracy of experimental findings in predicting the indentation behavior of the sandwich structure, the finite element analysis was used to compare with the experimental results. According to the examination of these proposed FGSC overall performance, they could potentially be employed as sacrificial materials for LVI applications like claddings to shield major structural components. The systematic approach used in this work serves as a standard for choosing and using FGSC effectively for LVI applications.Highlights
Low‐velocity impact behavior of sandwich structures was investigated.
Combining flexible skin and epoxy core enhances energy absorption.
Based on impact energy levels, impact damage areas were determined.
Examined sandwich structure advantages in structural and aerospace uses.
In terms of time and cost, the numerical analysis method would be useful.
Development of lightweight hybrid polymeric composites reinforced with cellulose microfillers derived from linseed oil cake
Authors: M. Sathesh Babu , R. Ramamoorthi 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBy focusing on the natural cellulose microfiller derived from leftover cakes in the oil mills, researchers have the opportunity to develop and investigate novel materials that can potentially revolutionize the field of lightweight structures. This research work focuses on the development of lightweight hybrid polymeric composites using a combination of novel materials derived from linseed oil cake biomass waste and unidirectional flax fibers with epoxy polymeric matrices. It also explores the potential of linseed oil cake biomass waste as a valuable source of cellulose fillers for reinforcement in polymer composites, providing an alternative to traditional synthetic fillers. In this work, the extracted cellulose was made into a composite using a polymeric matrix (epoxy resin), and its mechanical as well as acoustical characteristics were studied to determine its suitability for various applications. The primary aim was to enhance the mechanical properties and reduce the weight of the composites for potential applications in lightweight structures, including automotive components, aerospace structures, and other industries where weight reduction is crucial without compromising the mechanical performance. Evidence of cellulose crystallinity and α‐cellulose was apparent, as indicated by the higher intensity peaks observed at 2θ = 22.10°, corresponding to the 002 crystallographic planes. The thermogravimetric analysis showed a minimum mass loss of 4.12% occurring at 309.16°C. The sample with 7.5 wt% linseed oil cake cellulose in the flax composite exhibited the highest values for various properties, including a tensile strength of 77.62 MPa, a flexural strength of 115.62 MPa, and an impact strength of 35.5 kJ/m2. For hardness and sound absorption properties, the sample with 10 wt% linseed oil cake cellulose in the flax composite exhibited the highest values (approximately 102 Sd) and a noise reduction coefficient value of 0.329. These findings suggest that combining cellulose with unidirectional flax fibers can make them suitable for various applications, such as structural components in the automotive industry, building materials, and biodegradable and eco‐friendly products.Highlights
Researchers used linseed oil cake cellulose for lightweight composites.
Novel materials hybridized linseed oil cake cellulose and flax fibers.
The material is a potential alternative to synthetic fillers in polymer composites.
The material can enhance mechanical properties for automotive, aerospace use.
The material has yielded promising results in tensile, flexural, impact strength, and sound absorption.
Comparative analysis of thermoplastic and thermoset adhesives performance and the influence on failure analysis in jointed elium‐based composite structures
Authors: Kaybal Halil Burak , Ulus Hasan 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe preference for thermoplastic composites over thermoset ones is steadily growing, especially in constructing resilient, lightweight, and fuel‐efficient structures in industrial settings due to their recyclability and superior energy absorption. Elium®, an acrylic‐based thermoplastic resin, offers enhanced stiffness and improved toughness at room temperature. Investigation into elium‐based composites with diverse fiber reinforcements has revealed elium's potential as an alternative to traditional thermoset epoxy resins. This study explores recyclable elium resin as an adhesive for creating curable and non‐permanent joints in various elium‐based composites. Various joining techniques, including adhesive bonding, mechanical joints, and hybrid bolted/bonded connections, were assessed, with hybrid bonded/bolted (HBB) joints emerging as a preferred solution for structures requiring higher load‐carrying capacity. The study's results indicate that, when using elium adhesive, elium‐hybrid bolted/bonded (HBB) joints demonstrate superior mechanical strength compared to their epoxy counterparts, resulting in improved toughness and stiffness values for each type of composite material. In addition, the research demonstrates superior load‐bearing strengths in bonded glass/elium composite joints using elium adhesive compared to bolted joints, with HBB joints featuring elium adhesive displaying even higher load‐bearing strengths. This research highlights the potential of elium‐based composites and adhesives in various industrial applications, enabling the production of lightweight, robust structures with exceptional damage tolerance.Highlights
Investigates recyclable elium resin for curable and non‐permanent joints.
Elium‐based composites offer lightweight, robust, and damage‐tolerant structures.
Elium HBB joints demonstrate superior strength.
FTIR analysis reveals distinct chemical signatures and bonding characteristics.
Elium adhesive enhances bond strength.
Assessment of the effect of lignin biopolymer on the thermal stability of energetic nitrocellulose/diethylene glycol dinitrate composite
Authors: Boumaza Lokmene , Fouzi Tarchoun Ahmed , Trache Djalal , Abdelaziz Amir , Fodil Cherif Mohamed , Chelouche Salim 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis study explored the stability and thermo‐kinetic features of double base nitrocellulose (NC)/diethylene glycol dinitrate (DEGDN) propellant supplemented with Kraft lignin. For this purpose, the impact of 2‐nitrodiphenylamine (2‐NDPA), 1,3‐dimethyl‐1,3‐diphenylurea (C‐II) and lignin stabilizers on the molecular structure, morphology, and thermokinetic behavior of NC/DEGDN composite were thoroughly analyzed. Experimental results showed that lignin exhibits promising stabilizing efficiency comparable to that of the conventional 2‐NDPA and C‐II. In addition, thermal findings highlighted that the incorporation of 2‐NDPA, C‐II, and lignin has improved the thermal decomposition temperature of NC/DEGDN propellant. The investigation of the thermolysis kinetics of stabilized NC/DEGDN composites demonstrated an increase in the Arrhenius parameters with respect to the NC/DEGDN baseline. Above all, this investigation contributes to the ongoing efforts to develop new environmentally friendly stabilizers for nitrate esters‐based composites.
Direct evidence of lipid transport by the Drs2–Cdc50 flippase upon truncation of its terminal regions
Authors: Herrera Sara Abad , Justesen Bo Højen , Dieudonné Thibaud , Montigny Cédric , Nissen Poul , Lenoir Guillaume , Günther Pomorski Thomas 
Published: December 2023

AbstractP4‐ATPases in complex with Cdc50 subunits are lipid flippases that couple ATP hydrolysis with lipid transport to the cytoplasmic leaflet of membranes to create lipid asymmetry. Such vectorial transport has been shown to contribute to vesicle formation in the late secretory pathway. Some flippases are regulated by autoinhibitory regions that can be destabilized by protein kinase‐mediated phosphorylation and possibly by binding of cytosolic proteins. In addition, the binding of lipids to flippases may also induce conformational changes required for the activity of these transporters. Here, we address the role of phosphatidylinositol‐4‐phosphate (PI4P) and the terminal autoinhibitory tails on the lipid flipping activity of the yeast lipid flippase Drs2–Cdc50. By functionally reconstituting the full‐length and truncated forms of Drs2 in a 1:1 complex with the Cdc50 subunit, we provide compelling evidence that lipid flippase activity is exclusively detected for the truncated Drs2 variant and is dependent on the presence of the phosphoinositide PI4P. These findings highlight the critical role of phosphoinositides as lipid co‐factors in the regulation of lipid transport by the Drs2–Cdc50 flippase.