bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Main Group Elements Activated Near‐Infrared Photonic Materials
Authors: Dong Quan , Feng Xu , Qiu Jianrong , Zhou Shifeng 
Published: January 2024

AbstractNear‐infrared (NIR) photonic materials find extensive applications across important fields such as telecommunications, laser radar, and atmospheric remote sensing. In particular, photonic materials activated by main group elements, which exhibit unique spectral features including ultra‐broadband tunable luminescence and long lifetime, have become rising stars in NIR emitting dopants. In this review, the energy level characteristics of the p‐electrons to gain insight into the fundamentals of the NIR optical response from the main group elements are first introduced. Next, the NIR luminescence properties of the main group elements are discussed. Then, the strategy for the design of main group elements activated materials with the desired properties based on local chemical environment engineering is proposed. In addition, recent advances in the applications of main group element (excluding bismuth) activated materials are highlighted. Furthermore, the key scientific issues that urgently need to be solved for such materials, such as the detailed luminescence mechanism are highlighted. Anticipation also extends to the future research trends in this exciting field, including the ways for enhancing luminescence efficiency and extending spectral region, and the efforts for implementing these advancements in novel cutting‐edge technologies like photovoltaics and biomedicine.
Distinguishing between COOH, COO−, and hydrogen disordered COOH sites in solids with 13C chemical shift anisotropy and T1 measurements
Authors: Toomey Ryan , Powell Jacob , Cheever Jacob , Harper James K. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractSince 1993, it has been known that 13C chemical shift tensor (i.e., δ11, δ22, and δ33) provides information sufficient to distinguish between COOH and COO− sites. Herein, four previously unreported metrics are proposed for differentiating COOH/COO− moieties. A new relationship is also introduced that correlates the asymmetry (i.e., δ11–δ22) of COOH sites to the proximity of hydrogen bond donating partners within 2.6 Å with high accuracy (±0.05 Å). Conversely, a limitation to all proposed metrics is that they fail to distinguish between COO− and hydrogen disordered COOH sites. To reconcile this omission, a new approach is proposed based on T1 measurements of both 1H and 13C. The 13C T1 values are particularly sensitive with the T1 for hydrogen disordered COOH moieties found to be nearly six times smaller than T1's from COO− sites.
Assessment of the upper limb function, strength, and mobility in treatment‐naive children with spinal muscular atrophy Types 2 and 3
Authors: Milev Evelin , Selby Victoria , Wolfe Amy , Rohwer Annemarie , Tillmann Ricarda , Ramsey Danielle , Iodice Mario , Hogrel Jean‐Yves , Baranello Giovanni , Scoto Mariacristina , Muntoni Francesco 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIntroduction/AimsCurrent upper limb assessments in pediatric spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) may not adequately capture change with disease progression. Our aim was to examine the relationship between motor function, strength, and hand/finger mobility of the upper limb in treatment‐naïve children with SMA Types 2 and 3 to assess new methods to supplement current outcomes.MethodsThe Revised Upper Limb Module (RULM), grip and pinch strength, and hand/finger mobility data were collected from 19 children with SMA Types 2 and 3 aged 5.2–16.9 years over a year.ResultsA median loss between 0.5 and 2.5 points in the RULM was seen across all SMA subgroups with the biggest median loss recorded between 10 and 14 years of age. The grip strength loss was −0.06 kg (−4.69 to 3.49; IQR, 1.21); pinch improvement of 0.05 (−0.65 to 1.27; IQR, 0.48); hand/finger mobility test improvement of 4 points (−24 to 14; IQR, 6.75) for the whole cohort. Significant correlations were found between the RULM and grip strength (p < .001), RULM and pinch strength (p < .001), RULM and revised Brooke (p < .001), grip strength and pinch strength (p < .001).DiscussionThe combined use of the RULM, dynamometry, and hand mobility provide insight about correlations between function and strength in children with SMA. The RULM and grip strength assessments captured a significant decline in upper limb function, whereas the pinch and finger/hand mobility showed an improvement over the course of 1 year and these results should be considered for future studies.
Urinary biomarkers in children with neurogenic and non‐neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Sekerci Cagri Akin , Yucel Selcuk , Tarcan Tufan 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAimThe aim of this systematic review is to assess urinary biomarkers studied in children with neurogenic and non‐neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction (LUTD).Materials and MethodsThe systematic review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. The screening was performed on PUBMED without any publication date limitation. Only original articles were included. Parameters related to the following topics were obtained: study design, characteristics of participants, number of participants, age, control group, types of biomarkers, measurement technique in urine, subgroup analysis, urodynamic findings, and outcome. Dutch Cochrane Checklist (DCC) and level of evidence by EBRO platform were used for quality assessment. Meta‐analysis was performed with the Comprehensive Meta‐Analysis Version 4 program.ResultsA total of 494 studies were screened and 16 studies were included. 11 (68.75%) were conducted in children with non‐neurogenic LUTD and 5 (31.25%) neurogenic LUTD. Nerve growth factor (NGF) was evaluated in 12 studies, brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in 5, Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase‐2 (TIMP‐2) in 2, transforming growth factor beta‐1 (TGF Beta‐1) in 2, neutrophil gelatinase‐associated lipocalin (NGAL) in 1, and Aquaporin‐2 in 1. According to DCC, 10 (62.5%) articles were evaluated on 4 (37.5%) items and 4 articles on 5 items. The average score was 3.91+/−0.56. The level of evidence was found as B for 13 (81.25%) articles and C for 3 (18.75%). In meta‐analysis, urinary NGF levels in children with non‐neurogenic LUTS were significantly higher than in the healthy control group (Hedges's g = 1.867, standard error = 0.344, variance = 0.119, p = 0.0001).ConclusionUrinary biomarkers are promising for the future with their noninvasive features. However, prospective studies with larger sample sizes are needed to better understand the potential of urinary biomarkers to reflect urodynamic and clinical findings in children with LUTD.
Time regularization in optimal time variable learning
Authors: Herberg Evelyn , Herzog Roland , Köhne Frederik 
Published: January 2024

AbstractRecently, optimal time variable learning in deep neural networks was introduced in Antil et al. In this manuscript we extend the concept by introducing a regularization term that directly relates to the time horizon in discrete dynamical systems. Furthermore, we propose an adaptive pruning approach for Residual Neural Networks (ResNets), which reduces network complexity without compromising expressiveness, while simultaneously decreasing training time. The results are illustrated by applying the proposed concepts to classification tasks on the well known MNIST and Fashion MNIST data sets. Our PyTorch code is available on https://github.com/frederikkoehne/time_variable_learning.
A review of the effect of hydrothermal aging on the mechanical properties of 2D fiber‐reinforced resin matrix composites
Authors: Li Cuiyu , Feng Changhong , Zhang Lei , Shan Jingting , Shi Mengxiao 
Published: January 2024

Abstract2D fiber reinforced resin matrix composites (2D FRRMC) are widely applied for aerospace, generator blades, and other high‐end equipment manufacturing fields due to their excellent mechanical properties. However, 2D FRRMC will face a variety of complex environments in the service process, and the long‐term complex environment will significantly impact the physical and mechanical properties of 2D FRRMC. It is necessary to understand and analyze the changes of materials during service. A comprehensive review of the research on the effect of hydrothermal aging on the mechanical properties and re‐ drying of 2D FRRMC in recent years was presented in this article, which contains interlaminar shear properties, compression properties, tensile properties, and aging mechanism, etc. Finally, the current challenges and prospects of 2D FRRMC were discussed. These discussions and proposed strategies will enlighten thoughts and offer ways to apply 2D FRRMC in complex environments better, study 2D FRRMC in complex environments, and study the effects of hydrothermal aging on materials in the future.
Effect of triggering on the axial crushing behavior of GFRP tubes: Experimental investigation and optimization
Authors: Baykasoğlu Cengiz , Baykasoğlu Adil , Erdin Muhammed Emin , Cetin Erhan 
Published: January 2024

AbstractComposite thin‐walled tubes made of glass fiber reinforced plastics (GFRP) are attracting great attention due to their lightweight and outstanding crashworthiness capacity. Implementing triggers to the design of GFRP composite tubes enables a further increase in specific energy absorption while simultaneously reducing peak crushing force. Motivated by these facts, a notch‐type triggering mechanism is suggested in this work to enhance the energy absorption capabilities of circular GFRP composite tubes. GFRP tube samples with (0°/90°)8 layups are manufactured using the roll wrapping process. Subsequently, these samples are triggered and subjected to quasi‐static axial compression tests. The diameter, quantity and placement of the triggering notches are selected as design parameters, and experiments are carried out using Taguchi's L9 orthogonal array. Each of these parameters has three levels to identify the optimal combination of design parameters. To optimize multiple responses, the weighted aggregated sum product assessment, a multiple criteria decision‐making technique, is employed in conjunction with mono‐criteria optimization. The findings indicated that substantial enhancements can be realized in all parameters related to energy absorption performance by triggering progressive crushing modes in a controlled manner using a notch‐type triggering mechanism. In particular, the findings indicated that the specific energy absorption and the crush force efficiency of the intact GFRP composite tubes could be improved up to 18% and 68.3%, respectively, by the selection of appropriate triggering parameters.Highlights
Axial crushing and optimal design of triggered GFRP tubes are investigated
Number, diameter, and center distance of the notches are chosen as parameters
Taguchi experimental design is used for the best configuration of parameters
The optimum configurations are investigated using the entropy‐WASPAS
Significant improvements are achieved using the trigger mechanism
Investigation of structure–flexural response relations in thermoplastic carbon/glass fiber‐metal laminates
Authors: Sang Lin , Xing Jianing , Lv Junzhuo , Gao Shiyi , Hou Wenbin 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn the current work, fiber‐metal laminates (FMLs) consisting of alternated continuous fiber‐reinforced thermoplastic composite layers and aluminum alloy sheets were proposed by the hot‐pressing method. Carbon fiber‐reinforced polyamide 6 (PA6/CF) and glass fiber‐reinforced polypropylene (PP/GF) prepregs were selected as composite layers. The effect of the assembly method between composite prepreg and aluminum sheets as well as the stacking configurations on the flexural response of FMLs were investigated. Meanwhile, the macro and micro‐structural observations were performed to characterize failure mechanisms in these structures. Experimental results revealed that the strength and stiffness of hybrid FLMs depended on the material property on the surface layer. With the stacking sequence of aluminum sandwiched by PA6/CF achieved the highest flexural strength of 535.3 MPa and modulus of 63.6 GPa in the series of FMLs, which could achieve satisfied lightweight and strength‐stiffness properties. The ductile deformation of aluminum sheets and fracturing and pulling out of the fibers were the main characterized failure mechanisms of thermoplastic FMLs. For glass fiber‐metal laminates, stacking configurations of three aluminum sheets alternation with four PP/GF intermediate layers achieved a favorable flexural property. Above all, the proposed thermoplastic FMLs have great potential in civil applications especially in the automobile industry as structural parts.Highlights
Thermoplastic fiber‐metal laminates are designed and fabricated.
The assembly method and stacking sequences influence the flexural property.
FMLs with PA6/CF and aluminum achieve satisfied strength stiffness.
PP/GF prepreg and aluminum layer display ductile deformation mode.
Suicide attempt during ramelteon addition to flunitrazepam: A case report
Authors: Terao Takeshi 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundBenzodiazepines, such as flunitrazepam, may be at risk of disinhibition, leading to aggressiveness, impulsivity, self‐harm, and possibly suicide attempts, whereas ramelteon may be far from disinhibition.Case PresentationIn a 43‐year‐old female with primary insomnia, flunitrazepam alone did not induce any type of disinhibition, but the addition of ramelteon to flunitrazepam brought about disinhibition, leading to aggressiveness and finally to her suicide attempt. Her disinhibition rapidly subsided as soon as ramelteon alone was discontinued.ConclusionThese findings suggest that a suicide attempt may occur during ramelteon and flunitrazepam combination in a susceptible patient.
“It felt a bit wartime”: Teacher perspectives of social and emotional well‐being support in primary schools during Covid‐19
Authors: Lacey Alison J. , Banerjee Robin , Lester Kathryn J. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAlthough primary schools in the UK were required to provide access to remote learning for pupils during Covid‐19 mandated school closures, there was less clarity for teachers and school leaders about expectations and priorities relating to the provision of social and emotional well‐being support for children at home during this period. Using an existing whole‐school approaches (WSA) framework we aimed to understand the extent to which well‐being support was a priority for primary schools during closures, what structures were in place to support well‐being, what factors facilitated or inhibited provision of remote pastoral care, and how schools supported pupil reintegration following school reopening. Twenty semi‐structured qualitative interviews were conducted with teachers and school leaders in primary schools in three counties of southern England during February and March 2020. A hybrid inductive‐deductive thematic analysis approach was used with a critical realist approach. Findings indicate that school closures were associated with radically disrupted home–school partnerships. Lack of national and local policy guidance limited the extent to which schools adapted remote well‐being provision and maintained contact with families. This disruption contributed to a decline in children's emotional well‐being, particularly for those children from disadvantaged backgrounds. Covid recovery recommendations center on a renewed emphasis on universal, ethos‐focused interventions and a strength‐based focus on curriculum change.
Teachers’ voice behavior—Principal leadership‐driven or teacher self‐driven? Evidence from Taiwan
Authors: Hsieh Chuan‐Chung , Gunawan Imam , Li Hui‐Chieh , Liang Jyun‐Kai 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis study aims to explore whether teachers’ voice behavior is triggered by the leadership of the principal or the teachers themselves. Two conceptual frameworks are proposed to guide this research. In addition, the current study analyzes separately two dimensions of teachers’ voice behavior, namely, promotive voice and prohibitive voice. Data collected from 884 teachers in Taiwan were analyzed to test the moderated mediation model. Results of the first conceptual framework revealed that under identity leadership, teacher agency moderated significantly the relationship of psychological empowerment with prohibitive voice, but not significantly with promotive voice. Findings of the second conceptual framework confirmed that under teacher agency, identity leadership did not significantly moderate the relationships of psychological empowerment with promotive voice and prohibitive voice. Most important, this study discovered that teacher agency is the main trigger for teachers exhibiting promotive and prohibitive voice behaviors. Finally, implications and limitations of this study are presented.
Better performances of benzene‐based over thiophene‐based aromatic anionic donors: Computational studies on metameric conformational selectivity and hyperpolarizability of organic inner salts
Authors: Sitha Sanyasi 
Published: January 2024

AbstractEarlier experimental works report the synthesis of zwitterions with anionic p‐dicyanomethanide (coupled to benzene and thiophene) donors. In this report, four such zwitterions (two metameric pairs) are investigated using HF, B3LYP, CAM‐B3LYP, HSE06, and ωB97xD methodologies. This work is focused on (1) metameric (Reichardt's and Brooker's) induced conformational selectivity (twisted vs. planar) and (2) efficiency assessments of benzene‐ versus thiophene‐based anionic donors. These effects were found to have significant influences on many tensorial and nontensorial properties. For Reichardt's type, large twisting was observed for the benzene case and lower twisting for the thiophene case. Enhanced first hyperpolarizability were observed for Reichardt's type (257.2 × 10−30 esu) than Brooker's type (67.2 × 10−30 esu), thus indicating the former type to be more efficient (approximately fourfold enhancement) chromophore (approximately seven‐time enhancement for thiophene‐based systems). Similarly, between the benzene versus thiophene cases, enhanced hyperpolarizabilities were observed for the former (257.2 × 10−30 esu) than the latter type (112.0 × 10−30 esu), indicating the benzene type as more efficient (more than twofold enhancement) donor (approximately four‐time enhancement for Brooker's types). The structure–property manipulations strategies investigated here can be used as valuable tools in the designing of efficient functional molecular materials for various fundamental applications.
Microfluidic Templating and Initiator‐Free Photocrosslinking of Protein‐Loaded PCL Microcapsules
Authors: Störmann Florian , Roch Toralf , Lendlein Andreas , Wischke Christian 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPolymer network materials are interesting alternatives to thermoplastic polymers. Here, the preparation of polymer capsules is investigated, which are made from poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL) networks and are compartmentalized in a crosslinked PCL shell and a core that is suitable to enclose payloads of interest. Aided by microfluidic templating, PCL network capsules with a narrow size distribution (176 ± 5 µm) and thin shells (≈7.5 µm) are formed from 4‐arm star‐shaped 12 kDa PCL precursors by photoinitiator‐free UV light‐induced radical polymerization of methacrylate end‐groups. FITC‐BSA is encapsulated as a model protein. The physicochemical characterization of the capsules indicated a partial crosslinking of methacrylate endgroups into netpoints. Microscopy revealed a fraction of collapsed capsules that are discussed in the context of network stability and mechanical stress created at the capsule interfaces during solvent removal. The incubation of particles with human embryonic kidney (HEK) cells showed good cell compatibility, suggesting their potential use in biosciences and beyond.
Asthma prevalence among US 9th−12th graders who report past 30‐day cannabis use in 2019
Authors: Silverman Kevin D. , Cheslack‐Postava Keely , Rastogi Deepa , Borrell Luisa N. , Goodwin Renee D. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIntroductionLittle is known about the relationship between cannabis use and asthma among youth in the US. The aims of this study were to estimate prevalence of asthma among youth who reported any cannabis use in the past 30 days, relative to those who did not, and to investigate the relationship between frequency of cannabis use and prevalence of asthma, adjusting for demographic characteristics and cigarette use.MethodsData were drawn from the 2019 Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (YRBSS), a CDC national high school survey, which collects data from students in grades 9–12 across the US bi‐annually. Logistic regression was used to examine the prevalence of asthma among youth who reported any past 30‐day cannabis use, relative to no use, and by frequency of cannabis use, adjusting for demographic characteristics and cigarette use.ResultsAsthma was more common among youth who reported any cannabis use, relative to youth who reported no use (29.07% vs. 23.62%; AOR = 1.25 (1.20, 1.30)). Asthma was greater among youth who reported more frequent cannabis use; asthma was highest among youth who reported having used cannabis “40 or more times” in the month (31.38%; AOR = 1.35 (1.25, 1.45))ConclusionAsthma is more common among youth who use cannabis, relative to those who do not, and the prevalence of asthma increases with frequency of use among 9th–12th graders in the US. More public health and clinical research is needed quickly to produce scientific data that can inform clinical guidelines and public health policy, as well as parents and youth, on the potential relationship between cannabis use and respiratory health among youth.
Long‐term effects of high‐dose systemic corticosteroids on growth and bone mineral density in patients treated for childhood interstitial lung disease (chILD)
Authors: Ring Astrid Madsen , Buchvald Frederik F. , Main Katharina M. , Oturai Peter , Nielsen Kim G. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundChildren's interstitial lung disease (chILD) is a rare and potentially life‐threatening condition. For many chILD conditions, systemic corticosteroids (sCCS) are considered the primary treatment despite a broad spectrum of potential side effects.AimWe aimed to determine the long‐term effects of sCCS treatment on growth, bone mineral density (BMD), and body composition after chILD.Materials and MethodsThis descriptive cross‐sectional single‐center study included patients diagnosed with chILD before the age of 18 years treated with sCCS in the period 1998–2020. Dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry, anthropometric measurements, bone age determination, and blood tests were performed in 53 (55% males) of 89 eligible patients.ResultsMedian (range) age was 19.3 (6.4;30.7 years). Participants received a median (range) cumulative sCCS dose of 1144 (135; 6178) mg over a 2.0 (0.1; 13.8) years period and latest dose was administered 11.7 (1.2; 19.6) years before follow‐up. Mean delta height (height standard deviation scores [SDS] – target height SDS) was reduced at sCCS treatment initiation (mean: −0.55, 95% confidence interval [CI]: −0.91; −0.20, p < .005) and at sCCS treatment cessation (mean: −0.86, 95% CI:−1.22; −0.51, p < .001), but normalized in the majority at follow‐up (mean: −0.29, 95% CI:−0.61; 0.03, p = .07). Mean (SD) BMD z‐score for the spine and whole body was −0.34 (1.06) and 0.52 (1.13), with no significant correlation to sCCS dose. Excess body fat (>30% in females, >25% in males) was found in 58% of patients.ConclusionLong‐term treatment with sCCS did not cause significant long‐term reduction of height but showed subtle effects on fat mass percentage and BMD. Given the severity of chILD, the observed long‐term effects of sCCS on growth and BMD appear acceptable.