bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does Immobilization of Distal Radius Torus Fractures Affect Treatment Outcome?
Authors: Kazez Muhammed , Key Sefa , Agar Anıl 
Published: December 2023

Objective
The aim of this study is to compare the clinical results of splint, short arm circular plaster, and soft bandage immobilization methods applied in the treatment of wrist torus fractures in a single center.

Methods
Patients treated for torus fractures at a tertiary trauma hospital between January 2018 and January 2022 were analyzed retrospectively. According to the physician’s preference, a splint, short arm circular plaster, or soft bandage was applied to each patient. The treatment modalities, the number of hospital admissions during the treatment, the number of radiological imaging procedures used during the treatment, immobilization time, and the follow-up periods of the patients were checked and noted on the hospital data processing system.

Results
Six hundred ten patients were included in the study. It was determined that 351 patients were treated with a short arm splint, 155 with a short arm circular cast, and 104 with soft bandaging. The number of radiological imaging procedures, the number of hospital admissions during the treatment, the duration of the pain complaint, and the complication rate of the patients treated with splint were significantly lower than the groups treated with short arm circular plaster and soft bandage (P < 0.001).

Conclusions
It was observed that patients who were immobilized with a short arm splint required less follow-up time and fewer imaging procedures and hospital admissions and experienced earlier pain relief and lower complication rates. We think that the use of short arm splints in the treatment of torus fractures is sufficient, safe, and advantageous.
Work-Life Integration for Women in Pediatric Emergency Medicine
Authors: Skotnicki Brielle Stanton , Wilson Paria M. , Kazmerski Traci M. , Prideaux Jonelle , Manole Mioara D. , Kinnane Janet M. , Lunoe Maren M. 
Published: December 2023

Objective
Women in medicine generally have higher burnout and lower career satisfaction and work-life integration compared with men. This study identifies factors that contribute to burnout, career satisfaction, and work-life integration in women pediatric emergency medicine (PEM) physicians.

Methods
Self-identified women PEM physicians in the United States participated in a virtual focus group using Group Level Assessment methodology. Participants completed Group Level Assessment process steps of climate setting, generating, appreciating, reflecting, understanding, selecting, and action to (1) identify themes that contribute to burnout, career satisfaction, and work-life integration and (2) determine actionable factors based on these themes. Data were collected and thematically analyzed in real time through iterative processing. The group prioritized identified themes through rounds of distillation.

Results
Seventeen women participated, representing 10 institutions (ages 30s–70s, 69% employed full-time). Participants identified 3 main themes contributing to burnout, career satisfaction, and work-life integration: (1) gender inequities, (2) supportive leadership, and (3) balance with family life. Actionable items identified were as follows: (1) development of initiatives to equalize pay, opportunity, and career advancement among genders; (2) implementation of an institutional focus on supportive and collaborative leadership; and (3) improvement of resources and supports for physicians with family responsibilities.

Conclusions
Women PEM physicians identified gender inequities, leadership, and balance with family life as major themes affecting their burnout, career satisfaction, and work-life integration. Several action steps were identified and can be used by individuals and institutions to improve work-life integration for women PEM physicians.
The Potential of Iron Oxide Nanoparticle-Enhanced MRI at 7 T Compared With 3 T for Detecting Small Suspicious Lymph Nodes in Patients With Prostate Cancer
Authors: Tenbergen Carlijn J.A. , Fortuin Ansje S. , van Asten Jack J.A. , Veltien Andor , Philips Bart W.J. , Hambrock Thomas , Orzada Stephan , Quick Harald H. , Barentsz Jelle O. , Maas Marnix C. , Scheenen Tom W.J. 
Published: December 2023

Background
Accurate detection of lymph node (LN) metastases in prostate cancer (PCa) is a challenging but crucial step for disease staging. Ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide (USPIO)–enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) enables distinction between healthy LNs and nodes suspicious for harboring metastases. When combined with MRI at an ultra-high magnetic field, an unprecedented spatial resolution can be exploited to visualize these LNs.

Purpose
The aim of this study was to explore USPIO-enhanced MRI at 7 T in comparison to 3 T for the detection of small suspicious LNs in the same cohort of patients with PCa.

Materials and Methods
Twenty PCa patients with high-risk primary or recurrent disease were referred to our hospital for an investigational USPIO-enhanced 3 T MRI examination with ferumoxtran-10. With consent, they underwent a 7 T MRI on the same day. Three-dimensional anatomical and T2*-weighted images of both examinations were evaluated blinded, with an interval, by 2 readers who annotated LNs suspicious for metastases. Number, size, and level of suspicion (LoS) of LNs were paired within patients and compared between field strengths.

Results
At 7 T, both readers annotated significantly more LNs compared with 3 T (474 and 284 vs 344 and 162), with 116 suspicious LNs on 7 T (range, 1–34 per patient) and 79 suspicious LNs on 3 T (range, 1–14 per patient) in 17 patients. For suspicious LNs, the median short axis diameter was 2.6 mm on 7 T (1.3–9.5 mm) and 2.8 mm for 3 T (1.7–10.4 mm, P = 0.05), with large overlap in short axis of annotated LNs between LoS groups. At 7 T, significantly more suspicious LNs had a short axis <2.5 mm compared with 3 T (44% vs 27%). Magnetic resonance imaging at 7 T provided better image quality and structure delineation and a higher LoS score for suspicious nodes.

Conclusions
In the same cohort of patients with PCa, more and more small LNs were detected on 7 T USPIO-enhanced MRI compared with 3 T MRI. Suspicious LNs are generally very small, and increased nodal size was not a good indication of suspicion for the presence of metastases. The high spatial resolution of USPIO-enhanced MRI at 7 T improves structure delineation and the visibility of very small suspicious LNs, potentially expanding the in vivo detection limits of pelvic LN metastases in PCa patients.
Implementation of Point of Care Ultrasound in extended focused assessment with sonography for trauma at a rural hospital in Uganda
Authors: Nassanga Rita , Bugeza Sam , Faith Ameda , Kabanda Irene , Nakiberu Harriet , Semaganda Tadeo , Olweny Francis , Nagawa Roy , Mubuuke Aloysius Gonzaga 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACTIntroductionFocused Assessment with Sonography for Trauma (FAST) is a rapid bedside ultrasound examination performed at presentation of a trauma patient whereas the extended FAST (eFAST) examines each hemithorax for the presence of free fluid and air. It is an ‘extension’ of the trauma clinical assessment process and aids rapid diagnosis with an aim of identifying free peritoneal fluid which allows for immediate transfer to theatre or further imaging. FAST can be performed by surgeons, emergency physicians, and paramedics as a screening test to detect post-traumatic pericardial effusion or hemoperitoneum, performed at presentation of a trauma patient.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of implementing a point of care ultrasound training in trauma for non-imaging health professionals and evaluate the ability of the trainees to apply the knowledge and skills gained to perform the ultrasound examination among trauma patients.MethodsIt was a prospective cohort study conducted at Kiwoko hospital, a rural based hospital in Uganda. The study involved developing a curriculum and training of clinicians in point of care ultrasound for trauma patients through didactic lectures and practical sessions as well as assessing them at baseline and thereafter further assessment at three months follow up.ResultsA total of 19 clinicians were initially enrolled however, 12 were evaluated at baseline and nine were followed up for three months. The median length of time in clinical practice of the clinicians in this study was 11(2-36) months. At baseline, majority of the clinicians correctly identified and named all the anatomical structures pertinent to images obtained in eFAST; sub-xiphoid view 7(58.3%), right upper quadrant view 5(41.7%), left upper quadrant view 6(50.0%), suprapubic view 7(58.3%), thoracic-pleural fluid view 7(58.3%), and thoracic-pneumothorax view 4(33.3%). At follow-up, the clinicians demonstrated acceptable competency in ultrasound technique when performing eFAST in most views assessed. However, compared to the baseline observation, a statistically significant decline (p=0.001) in image quality was noted in evaluation of organs in the left upper quadrant.ConclusionClinicians generally demonstrated acceptable competency in performing eFAST assessment in trauma patients. With more training, frequent hands-on practice, regulation and adequate supervision, clinicians can ably perform eFAST procedures to aid in management of trauma patients.
Pair-EGRET: enhancing the prediction of protein-protein interaction sites through graph attention networks and protein language models
Authors: Alam Ramisa , Mahbub Sazan , Bayzid Md. Shamsuzzoha 
Published: December 2023

AbstractProteins are responsible for most biological functions, many of which require the interaction of more than one protein molecule. However, accurately predicting protein-protein interaction (PPI) sites (the interfacial residues of a protein that interact with other protein molecules) remains a challenge. The growing demand and cost associated with the reliable identification of PPI sites using conventional experimental methods call for computational tools for automated prediction and understanding of PPIs. Here, we present Pair-EGRET, an edge-aggregated graph attention network that leverages the features extracted from pre-trained transformer-like models to accurately predict PPI sites. Pair-EGRET works on ak-nearest neighbor graph, representing the three-dimensional structure of a protein, and utilizes the cross-attention mechanism for accurate identification of interfacial residues of a pair of proteins. Through an extensive evaluation study using a diverse array of experimental data, evaluation metrics, and case studies on representative protein sequences, we find that our method outperforms other state-of-the-art methods for predicting PPI sites. Moreover, Pair-EGRET can provide interpretable insights from the learned cross-attention matrix. Pair-EGRET is freely available in open source form at (https://github.com/1705004/Pair-EGRET).
Synthesis and Assembly of mRNA-Bifunctional Lipid Nanoparticle (BLNP) for Selective Delivery of mRNA Vaccines to Dendritic Cells
Authors: Fan Chen-Yo , Wang Szu-Wen , Chen Jia-Yan , Wong Chi-Huey 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACTThe fight against COVID-19 pandemic has gained a strong consensus about the importance of developing mRNA vaccines to rapidly respond to an outbreak. Several studies have shown that mRNA vaccines formulated as mRNA-lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) for vaccination can elicit a robust and efficient immune response. In this study, we report the preparation of mRNA-bifunctional lipid nanoparticles (mRNA-BLNPs) as vaccines for targeted delivery to dendritic cells (DCs) to improve safety and enhance immune response. Using this DC-targeted delivery system, mice immunized with SARS-CoV-2 spike mRNA-BLNP vaccine elicited a stronger immune response with higher titer of neutralizing IgG antibody response than the LNPformulated vaccine against SARS-CoV-2. In addition, the spike mRNA-BLNP vaccine with deletion of glycosites in the stem elicited a broadly protective immune response against SARS-CoV2 and variants. These findings suggest the importance and potential of developing DC-targeted mRNA vaccines to elicit broadly protective immune responses against human viruses.
Single nucleus RNA sequencing reveals glial cell type-specific responses to ischemic stroke
Authors: Bormann Daniel , Knoflach Michael , Poreba Emilia , Riedl Christian J. , Testa Giulia , Orset Cyrille , Levilly Anthony , Cottereau Andreá , Jauk Philipp , Hametner Simon , Golabi Bahar , Copic Dragan , Klas Katharina , Direder Martin , Kühtreiber Hannes , Salek Melanie , zur Nedden Stephanie , Baier-Bitterlich Gabriele , Kiechl Stefan , Haider Carmen , Endmayr Verena , Höftberger Romana , Ankersmit Hendrik J. , Mildner Michael 
Published: December 2023

AbstractReactive neuroglia critically shape the brain’s response to ischemic stroke. However, their phenotypic heterogeneity impedes a holistic understanding of the cellular composition and microenvironment of the early ischemic lesion. Here we generated a single cell resolution transcriptomics dataset of the injured brain during the acute recovery from permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion. This approach unveiled infarction and subtype specific molecular signatures in oligodendrocyte lineage cells and astrocytes, which ranged among the most transcriptionally perturbed cell types in our dataset. Specifically, we characterized and compared infarction restricted proliferating oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs), mature oligodendrocytes and heterogeneous reactive astrocyte populations. Our analyses unveiled unexpected commonalities in the transcriptional response of oligodendrocyte lineage cells and astrocytes to ischemic injury. Moreover, OPCs and reactive astrocytes were involved in a shared immuno-glial cross talk with stroke specific myeloid cells.In situ,osteopontin positive myeloid cells accumulated in close proximity to proliferating OPCs and reactive astrocytes, which expressed the osteopontin receptor CD44, within the perilesional zone specifically.In vitro,osteopontin increased the migratory capacity of OPCs. Collectively, our study highlights molecular cross talk events which might govern the cellular composition and microenvironment of infarcted brain tissue in the early stages of recovery.
Identity exploration of university students in the somatic and material domains: the mediating role of conspicuous consumption
Authors: Adebo Adetumilara Iyanuoluwa , Hamsan Hanina Halimatusaadiah 
Published: December 2023

PurposeThis paper is determined to examine the role of body image and materialism in predicting the identity exploration of university students when conspicuous consumption is a mediator variable.Design/methodology/approachThe study used a quantitative method. Data were collected from students of three federal universities in Nigeria. The sample size was 331. A self-report questionnaire was used to collect data and analysis was performed using the partial least squares structural equation modelling.FindingsFindings reveal that materialism has a negative association in predicting the identity exploration of students. At the same time, there was a significant full and partial mediating effect of conspicuous consumption on the relationship between body image and materialism on identity exploration, respectively.Research limitations/implicationsThe study provides valuable information for parents in understanding how conspicuous consumption may influence their children’s identity formation. The findings can also be helpful for educators in the design of discussions and interventions for students on the social-psychological antecedents of conspicuous consumption and identity exploration. Government and regulatory agencies can use the study’s findings to shape student financial literacy and consumer protection policies.Originality/valueThis study makes both theoretical and methodological contributions to the existing literature. It provided concrete empirical evidence establishing a subtle connection between the symbolic self-completion theory and the identity status paradigm. It is also amongst the first single research conducted within the scope of these two theories in the Nigerian higher education context.
Exploring first-year engineering student perceptions of the engineering librarian as an IL instructor in multimodal teaching and learning environments
Authors: Omarsaib Mousin 
Published: December 2023

Purpose
This study aims to explore first-year engineering students’ perceptions of the engineering librarian as an instructor in multimodal environments related to Information Literacy (IL) topics, teaching strategy, content evaluation, organising, planning and support.

Design/methodology/approach
A quantitative approach was used through a survey instrument based on an online questionnaire. Questions were adopted and modified from a lecturer evaluation survey. A simple random sampling technique was used to collect data from first-year cohorts of engineering students in 2020 and 2022.

Findings
Respondents perception of the engineering librarian as an instructor in multimodal learning environment was good. Findings revealed students’ learning experiences were aligned with IL instruction even though the environment changed from blended to online. However, an emerging theme that continuously appeared was a lack of access to technology.

Practical implications
These findings may help in developing and strengthening the teaching identity of academic librarians as instructors in multimodal learning environments.

Originality/value
To the best of the author’s knowledge, this study is novel in that it evaluates the teaching abilities of an academic librarian in multimodal environments through the lens of students.
A transformer-based deep learning method for automatic pixel-level crack detection and feature quantification
Authors: Ji Ankang , Xue Xiaolong , Zhang Limao , Luo Xiaowei , Man Qingpeng 
Published: December 2023

Purpose Crack detection of pavement is a critical task in the periodic survey. Efficient, effective and consistent tracking of the road conditions by identifying and locating crack contributes to establishing an appropriate road maintenance and repair strategy from the promptly informed managers but still remaining a significant challenge. This research seeks to propose practical solutions for targeting the automatic crack detection from images with efficient productivity and cost-effectiveness, thereby improving the pavement performance.Design/methodology/approach This research applies a novel deep learning method named TransUnet for crack detection, which is structured based on Transformer, combined with convolutional neural networks as encoder by leveraging a global self-attention mechanism to better extract features for enhancing automatic identification. Afterward, the detected cracks are used to quantify morphological features from five indicators, such as length, mean width, maximum width, area and ratio. Those analyses can provide valuable information for engineers to assess the pavement condition with efficient productivity.Findings In the training process, the TransUnet is fed by a crack dataset generated by the data augmentation with a resolution of 224 × 224 pixels. Subsequently, a test set containing 80 new images is used for crack detection task based on the best selected TransUnet with a learning rate of 0.01 and a batch size of 1, achieving an accuracy of 0.8927, a precision of 0.8813, a recall of 0.8904, an F1-measure and dice of 0.8813, and a Mean Intersection over Union of 0.8082, respectively. Comparisons with several state-of-the-art methods indicate that the developed approach in this research outperforms with greater efficiency and higher reliability.Originality/value The developed approach combines TransUnet with an integrated quantification algorithm for crack detection and quantification, performing excellently in terms of comparisons and evaluation metrics, which can provide solutions with potentially serving as the basis for an automated, cost-effective pavement condition assessment scheme.
From catering for death rituals to establishing a restaurant – the journey of KSN Iyengar Catering Service
Authors: Chilakamarri Savitha , Sreram Prashanth Kumar 
Published: December 2023

Learning outcomes
The learning outcomes of this case study are to develop an understanding of informal business practices (IBP) from an economic and a behavioural perspective, identify the pros and cons of IBP and how they can hinder the realization of entrepreneurial aspirations, use the effectuation perspective to understand the entrepreneurial journey of the protagonist and apply the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT) analysis and effectuation theory to understand the need for transition from informal to formal business practices.

Case overview/synopsis
KSN Iyengar Catering Services (KSNICS) had gained popularity for cooking and serving traditional “Iyengar” cuisine during festivals, ceremonies and other auspicious occasions. With the passage of time, KSNICS slowly diversified into offering food carrier services, corporate catering and preparation of sweets/savouries during the Diwali festival. The enterprise managed to sustain itself without additional investments from external sources. KSNICS was managed in an informal manner by the protagonist, Krishna Kumar. After almost 30 years of KSNICS’s existence, in 2021, Kumar felt that they should diversify into the restaurant business by establishing an authentic “Iyengar” restaurant. In spite of the unpredictable market and the challenging times due to the COVID-19 pandemic, he had somehow managed to sustain his catering business. However, given the informal methods through which he operated his catering services and in the post-COVID-19 pandemic scenario, would it be prudent on his part to establish a restaurant?

Complexity academic level
This case study is suitable for post-graduate- and executive-level instruction in courses such as managerial skills, entrepreneurship and human resource management. In managerial skills course, it can be used for applying SWOT analysis from a particular perspective for effective decision-making. In entrepreneurship-related courses, it can be used to introduce aspects such as entrepreneurship orientation, effectuation and decision-making. In organizational behaviour and HR-related courses, it can be used to highlight how employees can be trained and motivated and how businesses can be sustained within the scale, especially during challenging times. Irrespective of the course, the IBP discussion would remain a constant point of reference because that was the context under which the current business was operating.

Supplementary material
Teaching notes are available for educators only.

Subject code
CSS 3: Entrepreneurship.