bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Solution structure of a D,L‐alternating oligonorleucine as a model of double‐stranded antiparallel β‐helix
Authors: Navarro E. , Fenude E. , Celda B. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractConformational characteristics of alternating D,L linear peptides are of particular interest because of their capacity to form transmembrane channels with different transport properties, as some natural antibiotics do. Single‐ and double‐stranded β‐helical structures are common for alternating D,L peptides. The stability of the β‐helix depends on several structural factors, such as the backbone peptide length, type and position of side chains, and nature of terminal groups. The NMR and molecular dynamics solution conformation of a synthetic alternating D,L‐oligopeptide with 15 norleucines (XVMe) has been used as a model to get insight in to the conformational features of double‐stranded β‐helix structures. The NH chemical shift values (δNH) and long‐range nuclear Overhauser effects (NOE) cross peaks, in particular interstrand connectivities, clearly point to an antiparallel double‐stranded β‐helix for the XVMe major conformation in solution. An extensive set of distances (from NOE cross peaks) and H‐bonds (from δNH) has been included in the molecular dynamics calculations. The experimental NMR data and theoretical calculations clearly indicate that the most probable conformation of XVMe in solution is a double‐strand antiparallel β5.6↑↓‐helix structure. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 64: 198–209, 2002
Structural transformation and aggregation of human α‐synuclein in trifluoroethanol: Non‐amyloid component sequence is essential and β‐sheet formation is prerequisite to aggregation
Authors: Li Hong‐Tao , Du Hai‐Ning , Tang Lin , Hu Jun , Hu Hong‐Yu 
Published: October 2002

AbstractAmyloid‐like aggregation of α‐synuclein and deposit in Lewy bodies are thought to be the major cause of Parkinson′s disease. Here we describe the secondary structural transformation and aggregation of human α‐synuclein and its C‐terminus truncated fragments in trifluoroethanol. Proteins containing the NAC (non‐amyloid component) segment undergo a three‐state transition: from native random coil to β‐sheet and to α‐helical structure, while the NAC deficient fragment and γ‐synuclein undergo a typical two‐state coil‐to‐α transition. The β‐sheet form is highly hydrophobic that strongly binds to 1‐anilinonaphthalene‐8‐sulfonic acid (ANS) and is prone to self‐aggregation. The results suggest that the NAC sequence is essential to β‐sheet formation and the aggregation originates from the β‐sheet intermediate, which may be implicated in the pathogenesis of Parkinson′s disease. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 64: 221–226, 2002
Characterization of acid catalytic domains for cellulose hydrolysis and glucose degradation
Authors: Mosier Nathan S. , Ladisch Christine M. , Ladisch Michael R. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractCellulolytic enzymes consist of a catalytic domain, a linking peptide, and a binding domain. The paper describes research on carboxylic acids that have potential as catalytic domains for constructing organic macromolecules for use in cellulose hydrolysis that mimic the action of enzymes. The tested domains consist of the series of mono‐, di‐, and tricarboxylic acids with a range of pKa's. This paper systematically characterizes the acids with respect to hydrolysis of cellobiose, cellulose in biomass, and degradation of glucose and compares these kinetics data to dilute sulfuric acid. Results show that acid catalyzed hydrolysis is proportional to H+ concentration. The tested carboxylic acids did not catalyze the degradation of glucose while sulfuric acid catalyzed the degradation of glucose above that of water alone. Consequently, overall yields of glucose obtained from cellobiose and cellulose are higher for the best carboxylic acid tested, maleic acid, when compared to sulfuric acid at equivalent solution pH. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 79: 610–618, 2002.
Engineering of molecular and cellular biocatalysts: Selected contributions by James E. Bailey
Authors: Dordick Jonathan S. , Khosla Chaitan 
Published: October 2002

AbstractJames (Jay) E. Bailey was a pioneer in biotechnology and biochemical engineering. During his 30 years in academia he made seminal contributions to many fields of chemical engineering science, including catalysis and reaction engineering, bioprocess engineering, mathematical modeling of cellular processes, recombinant DNA technology, enzyme engineering, and metabolic engineering. This article celebrates some of his contributions to the engineering of molecular and cellular biocatalysts, and identifies the influence he had on current and future research in biotechnology. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 79: 490–495, 2002.
Application of osteology to forensic medicine
Authors: Scheuer Louise 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe four main features of biological identity are sex, age, stature, and ethnic background. The forensic osteologist aims to establish these attributes for an individual from their skeletal remains. Many techniques are available for the osteological determination of sex in the adult but it is one of the most difficult biological factors to ascribe to juvenile remains. Conversely, there are a multitude of markers to estimate age in the young skeleton but ageing becomes less accurate with increasing years. Stature is usually a relatively straightforward parameter to establish in the adult. In the juvenile, it is naturally correlated with age but is complicated by differences in rates of growth both between the sexes and between individuals. Determination of ethnic identity is the least reliable and is hampered by lack of data on many populations. This paper reviews the principal methods used to establish identity and comments on their reliability and accuracy in the forensic context. Clin. Anat. 15:297–312, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Screening for subclavian artery stenosis in patients who are candidates for coronary bypass surgery
Authors: Osborn Larry A. , Vernon Sarah M. , Reynolds Bryan , Timm T. Craig , Allen Kathleen 
Published: October 2002

AbstractWe prospectively evaluated 59 patients who were deemed candidates for coronary bypass surgery after coronary artery angiography for subclavian artery narrowing, which could compromise the ipsilateral internal thoracic artery graft. Bilateral arm blood pressure (BP) measurements, ausculatation for supraclavicular or cervical bruits, and questioning about cerebrovascular ischemic symptoms were compared to brachiocephalic‐subclavian arteriography. One neurologic complication occurred during arteriography. An upper extremity BP difference of ≥ 15 mm Hg identified all patients with ≥ 50% subclavian artery narrowing. We recommend brachiocephalic‐subclavian arteriography only in patients with abnormal noninvasive screening for subclavian stenosis, not routinely. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2002;56:162–165. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Paradoxical embolization of a fractured guidewire: Successful retrieval from left atrium using a snare device
Authors: Casserly Ivan P. , Goldstein Jeffrey A. , Rogers Jason H. , Lasala John M. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractIn adults, paradoxical embolization of catheters or guidewire fragments related to central venous catheterization is a rare phenomenon. Reports of successful percutaneous retrieval of foreign bodies from the left atrium is also rare. We describe the successful percutaneous retrieval of a fractured guidewire that had undergone paradoxical embolization to the left atrium in an adult patient. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2002;57:34–38. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Precision of prediction in second‐order calibration, with focus on bilinear regression methods
Authors: Linder Marie , Sundberg Rolf 
Published: October 2002

AbstractWe consider calibration of hyphenated instruments with particular focus on determination of the unknown concentrations of new specimens. A hyphenated instrument generates for each specimen a two‐way array of data. These are assumed to depend on the concentrations through a bilinear regression model, where each constituent is characterized by a pair of profiles to be determined in the calibration. We discuss the problem of predicting the unknown concentrations in a new specimen, after calibration. We formulate three different predictor construction methods, a ‘naive’ method, a least squares method, and a refined version of the latter that takes account of the calibration uncertainty. We give formulae for the uncertainty of the predictors under white noise, when calibration can be seen as precise. We refine these formulae to allow for calibration uncertainty, in particular when calibration is carried out by the bilinear least squares (BLLS) method or the singular value decomposition (SVD) method proposed by Linder and Sundberg (Chemometrics Intell. Lab. Syst. 1998;42: 159–178). By error propagation formulae and previous results on the precision of$\widehat{A}$and$\widehat{B}$we can obtain approximate standard errors for the predicted concentrations, according to each of the two estimation methods. The performance of the predictors and the precision formulae is illustrated on both real (fluorescence) and simulated data. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Orthogonal projections to latent structures (O‐PLS)
Authors: Trygg Johan , Wold Svante 
Published: October 2002

AbstractA generic preprocessing method for multivariate data, called orthogonal projections to latent structures (O‐PLS), is described. O‐PLS removes variation from X (descriptor variables) that is not correlated to Y (property variables, e.g. yield, cost or toxicity). In mathematical terms this is equivalent to removing systematic variation in X that is orthogonal to Y. In an earlier paper, Wold et al. (Chemometrics Intell. Lab. Syst. 1998; 44: 175–185) described orthogonal signal correction (OSC). In this paper a method with the same objective but with different means is described. The proposed O‐PLS method analyzes the variation explained in each PLS component. The non‐correlated systematic variation in X is removed, making interpretation of the resulting PLS model easier and with the additional benefit that the non‐correlated variation itself can be analyzed further. As an example, near‐infrared (NIR) reflectance spectra of wood chips were analyzed. Applying O‐PLS resulted in reduced model complexity with preserved prediction ability, effective removal of non‐correlated variation in X and, not least, improved interpretational ability of both correlated and non‐correlated variation in the NIR spectra. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bootstrap methods for assessing the performance of near‐infrared pattern classification techniques
Authors: Smith Brandye M. , Gemperline Paul J. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractTwo parametric bootstrap techniques were applied to near‐infrared (NIR) pattern classification models for two classes of microcrystalline cellulose, Avicel® PH101 and PH102, which differ only in particle size. The development of pattern classification models for similar substances is difficult, since their characteristic clusters overlap. Bootstrapping was used to enlarge small test sets for a better approximation of the overlapping area of these nearly identical substances, consequently resulting in better estimates of misclassification rates. A bootstrap that resampled the residuals, referred to as the outside model space bootstrap in this paper, and a novel bootstrap that resampled principal component scores, referred to as the inside model space bootstrap, were studied. A comparison revealed that classification rates for both bootstrap techniques were similar to the original test set classification rates. The bootstrap method developed in this study, which resampled the principal component scores, was more effective for estimating misclassification volumes than the residual‐resampling method. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stereoselective protein binding of alprenolol in the renal diseased state
Authors: Imamura Hitoshi , Komori Takafumi , Ismail Ahmed , Suenaga Ayaka , Otagiri Masaki 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe investigation was undertaken to study the stereoselective protein binding of alprenolol in renal disease patient sera, compared to that in the sera of healthy volunteers. The in vitro stereoselective protein binding of β‐blockers was determined in undiluted serum and in isolated α1‐acid glycoprotein (AGP) solutions by ultrafiltration. The stereoselctive serum protein binding of alprenolol, a β‐adrenergic blocking agent, in healthy volunteers was significantly altered in renal disease patients. We investigated the effects of AGP concentration and endogenous substances, including uremic toxins, on the stereoselective protein binding of alprenolol in renal disease patients. A good correlation between the unbound (R)/(S) ratio (FR/FS ratio), an apparent index of stereoselectivity in alprenolol serum binding and AGP concentration in serum, was found. However, stereoselective protein binding was not influenced by endogenous substances. This result can be explained by the difference in binding affinities of (R) and (S)‐isomers of alprenolol to AGP. We conclude that the stereoselective protein binding of alprenolol in healthy volunteers and renal disease patients varies as a result of changes in AGP concentration. Accordingly, these findings might be useful in alprenolol therapy in renal disease patients. Chirality 14:599–603, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Absolute configuration and conformational analysis of a degradation product of inhalation anesthetic Sevoflurane: A vibrational circular dichroism study
Authors: Wang Feng , Polavarapu Prasad L. , Schurig V. , Schmidt R. 
Published: October 2002

Abstract1,1,1,3,3‐pentafluoro‐2‐(fluoromethoxy)‐3‐methoxypropane, compound B, is a product obtained in the degradation of the anesthetic Sevoflurane. Enantiopure (+)‐B was investigated using vibrational circular dichroism (VCD). Experimental absorption and VCD spectra of (+)‐B in CDCl3 solution in the 2,000–900 cm−1 region are compared with the ab initio predictions of absorption and VCD spectra obtained from density functional theory using B3LYP/6‐31G* basis set for different conformers of (S)‐1,1,1,3,3‐pentafluoro‐2‐(fluoromethoxy)‐3‐methoxypropane. This comparison indicates that (+)‐B is of the (S)‐configuration in CDCl3 solution, in agreement with previous literature results. Our results also indicate that this compound adopts six predominant conformations in CDCl3 solution. Chirality 14:618–624, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Multimodal intensification therapy for previously untreated advanced resectable squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity, oropharynx, or hypopharynx
Authors: Schuller David E. , Grecula John C. , Agrawal Amit , Rhoades Chris A. , Orr Debra A. , Young Donn C. , Malone James P. , Merz Meredith 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDAn intensified treatment regimen for previously untreated Stage III and IV resectable oral cavity, oropharyngeal, or hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma was analyzed to assess disease control, patient compliance, and toxicity.METHODSForty three patients with previously untreated, advanced, resectable squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity, oropharynx, or hypopharynx were enrolled in a prospective Phase II institutional clinical trial at a tertiary care comprehensive cancer center. This regimen was a continuum of multimodal treatment in a contracted time interval. It included preoperative slightly accelerated hyperfractionated radiotherapy with concurrent cisplatin, followed immediately with surgery and intraoperative radiotherapy, and completed with early postoperative weekly paclitaxel (beginning on Day 6 after surgery), two additional cisplatin cycles, and concurrent once daily radiotherapy beginning on Day 28 after surgery.RESULTSThe current trial was designed to reduce the toxicity of the systemic therapy while maintaining or improving locoregional/distant disease control and patient compliance. There were 43 patients enrolled, and the range of time at risk was 2.6 to 24.7 months (median, 14.6 months). Of the 43 registered patients, 43 were evaluable. The locoregional (100%) and systemic (93%) disease control rates were excellent, with low rates of patient noncompliance (21%) and reduced levels of toxicity.CONCLUSIONSAn intensive treatment regimen that improves disease control and treatment compliance is clearly feasible for this patient population. Future plans include modifications to continue to reduce toxicity and expansion to a multi‐center Phase II trial to determine if the single institutional results can be duplicated. Cancer 2002;94:3169–78. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10571
Clinical relevance of internal tandem duplication of the FLT3 gene in childhood acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Liang Der‐Cherng , Shih Lee‐Yung , Hung Iou‐Jih , Yang Chao‐Ping , Chen Shu‐Huey , Jaing Tang‐Her , Liu Hsi‐Che , Chang Wan‐Hui 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDRecently, an internal tandem duplication of the FLT3 gene (FLT3/ITD) was found in approximately 20% of adult acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cases and associated with a poor outcome. However, there are few studies on FLT3/ITD in childhood AML, and the clinical significance of FLT3/ITD is thus unclear.METHODSFLT3/ITD was analyzed in 80 children with de novo AML. The genomic DNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was performed to identify FLT3/ITD. Genescan analysis to determine the allelic distribution was then performed for those PCR products with aberrant bands. Direct sequencing of PCR products was also carried out in each sample with FLT3/ITD.RESULTSThe incidence of FLT3/ITD was 11.3% (9 out of 80 patients) in AML, with 25% (3 out of 12 patients) in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) and 8.8% (6 out of 68 patients) in non‐M3 AML. The size of duplicated fragments varied from 21 base pairs (bp) to 75 bp, and the mutant to wild type ratio of FLT3 ranged from 0.28 to 16.60 in the nine patients with FLT3/ITD. The incidence of FLT3/ITD in childhood AML in patients > 10 years of age was 24%, compared to 5% of those patients ≤ 10 years of age (P = 0.011). The six non‐M3 AML patients with FLT3/ITD were all older than 10 years of age. In APL, FLT3/ITD was found in 2 of 2 patients with S‐form PML/RARα, compared with 1 in 10 patients with non‐S form PML/RARα(P = 0.045). There were no cytogenetic abnormalities or fusion transcripts derived from common specific translocations found in non‐M3 AML patients with FLT3/ITD. There was no significant difference in treatment outcome between APL patients with FLT3/ITD and those without FLT3/ITD. The authors failed to find a correlation between the treatment outcome and the presence of FLT3/ITD in non‐M3 AML patients. Instead, the authors found that all three patients with a mutant FLT3 to wild type ratio of greater than 2.0 died within eight months after diagnosis; two of them failed to achieve complete remission.CONCLUSIONSThe current study shows that the mutant FLT3 to wild type ratio, but not the presence of FLT3/ITD itself, may serve as a potential marker to improve risk‐assessment in childhood AML. Cancer 2002;94:3292–8. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10598
Evaluation of the proliferation marker MIB‐1 in the prognosis of cutaneous malignant melanoma
Authors: Hazan Carole , Melzer Kate , Panageas Katherine S. , Li Eric , Kamino Hideko , Kopf Alfred , Cordon‐Cardo Carlos , Osman Iman , Polsky David 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe proliferation marker MIB‐1, which recognizes the Ki‐67 antigen, provides independent prognostic information in several tumor types. Its utility in melanoma has been evaluated mostly in studies of thick primary tumors. Its usefulness in thinner lesions has not been assessed adequately.METHODSA well characterized cohort of 137 patients diagnosed with primary cutaneous melanoma at the New York University School of Medicine between 1972 and 1982 was studied based on the availability of representative tissues and adequate clinical follow‐up. Twenty‐one tumors were less than or equal to 1.0 mm thick, 94 were between 1.01 and 4.0 mm thick, and 22 were thicker than 4.0 mm. Tumor cell proliferation was assessed by immunohistochemistry using the monoclonal antibody MIB‐1. MIB‐1 expression was correlated with baseline clinicopathologic parameters, as well as recurrence (RR), disease‐free (DFS), and overall survival (OS) rates. Median follow‐up among survivors was 6.5 years (range, 5.6–17.5).RESULTSHigh proliferative index, defined as 20% or more of tumor cells showing nuclear immunoreactivity, was observed in 65 of 137 (47.4%) cases. High proliferative index was significantly correlated with increased tumor thickness (P< 0.001) and higher stage (P= 0.03). Trends approaching statistical significance were observed with ulceration of the primary tumor (P= 0.09), male gender (P= 0.06), and shorter DFS (P= 0.12). No significant associations were seen between high proliferative index and RR or OS. In multivariate analyses, tumor thickness was the strongest predictor of clinical outcome.CONCLUSIONSIn primary cutaneous melanoma, a high proliferative index is associated with clinicopathologic parameters predictive of worse clinical outcomes. However, it was not an independent predictor of clinical outcome. Cancer 2002;95:634–40. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10685
Contrast‐enhanced dynamic computed tomography for the evaluation of tumor angiogenesis in patients with lung carcinoma
Authors: Tateishi Ukihide , Kusumoto Masahiko , Nishihara Hiroshi , Nagashima Kazuo , Morikawa Toshiaki , Moriyama Noriyuki 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe objective of this study was to investigate the role of contrast‐enhanced dynamic computed tomography (CT) in the evaluation of tumor angiogenesis in patients with lung carcinoma and to assess its importance in predicting tumor size and lymph node involvement.METHODSDynamic CT scans were evaluated retrospectively in 130 patients with primary lung carcinoma who did not have distant metastasis and who underwent surgical resection with mediastinal lymph node dissection. Histopathologic findings of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression and microvessel density (MVD) were correlated with the maximum attenuation values of time‐attenuation curves (MAV) on dynamic CT scans.RESULTSThe MAV in VEGF positive tumors was greater compared with the MAV in VEGF negative tumors (66.1 ± 4.6 vs. 30.9 ± 2.7, respectively; P < 0.0001). An association was found between the MAV in VEGF positive tumors and MVD (correlation coefficient = 0.650; P < 0.0001). No difference was found in tumor size with pathologic confirmation and the MAV, VEGF expression, or MVD. The MAV, VEGF expression, and MVD in lung tumors with lymph node involvement were greater compared with the same values in lung tumors without lymph node involvement.CONCLUSIONSThe MAV of dynamic CT may be a predictor of tumor angiogenesis in patients with lung carcinoma and lymph node involvement. Cancer 2002;95:835–42. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10730