bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficient noiseless linear amplification protocol for single-photon state using imperfect auxiliary photon source
Authors: Gu Jing-Qiu , Feng Ya-Peng , Du Ming-Ming , Zhong Wei , Sheng Yu-Bo , Zhou Lan 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Noiseless linear amplification (NLA) is a crucial method to solve the photon transmission loss problem. However, most NLA protocols require an ideal auxiliary single-photon source, which is unavailable under current experimental condition. Meanwhile, their heralded amplification performance is relatively low. For enhancing the feasibility and amplification performance of the NLA, in this paper, we propose an efficient NLA protocol with a practical imperfect auxiliary single-photon source. We introduce the local-quadrature squeezing operation into the NLA protocol, which can effectively increase its amplification factor. This NLA protocol only uses some common linear-optical elements, the practical imperfect auxiliary single-photon source, and imperfect single-photon detectors, so that it is easy to implement under the existing experimental condition. It may have important applications in the future quantum information processing field.
Limitations in the electrochemical analysis of voltage transients
Authors: Harris Alexander R 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective. Chronopotentiometric voltage transients (VTs) are used to assess the performance of bionic electrodes. The data obtained from VTs are used to define the safe operating conditions of clinical devices. Various approaches to analysing VTs have been reported, and a number of limitations in the accuracy of the measurements in relation to electrode size have been noted previously. Approach. The impact of electronic hardware and electrode configuration on VTs is discussed. Main results. The slew rate, rise time, sample time, minimum pulse length and waveform averaging characteristics of the electronic hardware, and electrode configuration will impact on VT measurement accuracy. Subsequently, activation and polarisation voltage measurements, and the definition of safe stimulation levels can be affected by the electronic hardware and electrode configuration. Significance. This article has identified some limitations in the previous literature related to the measurement and reporting of VTs and subsequent analysis of access and polarisation voltages. Furthermore, the commonly used Shannon plot used to define safe stimulation protocols does not correct for uncompensated resistance, account for electrode roughness or changes in electrode configuration. The creation of a safe stimulation plot which has been corrected for uncompensated resistance would generate more widely applicable stimulation guidelines for clinical devices used in different anatomical locations such as endovascular neural interfaces.
Research on low-carbon operation mode of coal mine based on life cycle
Authors: Jia Yuliang , Mei Chen , Guo Yangnan 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Based on the theoretical framework of the whole life cycle theory and the specific production process of underground mines, this research focuses on a comprehensive analysis of the carbon emission accounting boundaries and sources within the entire life cycle of underground mining. Furthermore, a robust carbon emission accounting model is developed specifically for the entire life cycle of coal production. Subsequently, a case study involving an actual coal mine production scenario is conducted, wherein the model is utilized for analysis and calculation purposes. The comprehensive analysis and calculation results reveal that electricity usage constitutes the primary source of carbon emissions within coal mines, closely followed by methane escape and greenhouse gas emissions resulting from fossil fuel combustion. Based on these findings, the research then proposes strategies for low-carbon operations and the implementation of carbon reduction technologies in coal mines. By conducting a detailed analysis of the carbon emission accounting within the whole life cycle of underground mining and providing concrete findings and practical recommendations, this paper contributes to the understanding and management of carbon emissions in the coal production sector.
Exergy transfer characteristics and structural parameters optimization in blast furnace slag heat recovery device
Authors: Tao Sheng Kai , Yu Qing Bo , Yu Zhen Yu , Liu Hai Wei , Yang Chen 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Thermodynamic analysis was employed to evaluate an MBHE (moving bed heat exchanger) for heat recovery from BFS (blast furnace slag). The study conducted experimental investigations to assess the influence of several factors on heat transfer, exergy transfer, and exergy destruction, including the granular side Peclet number, waterside Reynolds number, arrangement, tube spacing, and tube shape. Structural parameters of the MBHE were optimized based on the heat transfer enhancement number, resulting in the determination of the optimal parameters: staggered arrangement, Dh/D=2, Dv/D=3, and elliptical tubes.
Research on flow distribution optimization of flue gas cooler based on numerical simulation
Authors: Xie Changya , Si Paiyou , Liu Shuangbai , Mei Long , Zhu Longfei , Zhang Teng 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Based on Fluent, the flow distribution in flue gas cooler and its inlet and outlet flue in a power plant was numerically simulated. The calculation results show that the flue gas velocity distribution at the import of flue gas cooler was imbalance. The no uniform distribution of flue gas velocity can easily lead to problems such as wear, ash deposition and uneven heat transfer. To address the problem of uneven distribution of flue gas velocity, a diversion structure is designed and installed in the inlet flue of flue gas cooler. The numerical calculation results show that compared with the original flow distribution structure, the diversion structure can make the flow distribution of the flue gas cooler and its inlet and outlet flue more uniform, which can effectively avoid the problems of wear, ash deposition and uneven heat transfer.
N3G project: front-end electronics and mechanical advances
Authors: Capra S. , Secci G. , Million B. , Manara L. , Coelli S. , Citterio M. , De Salvador D. , Raniero W. , Carraro C. , Bertoldo S. , Napoli D.R. , Pullia A. ,   the N3G collaboration
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The higher counting-rate and radiation hardness required by modern gamma spectroscopy experiments highlight the need for a new generation of High-Purity Germanium detectors based on electrons-collecting electrodes. To achieve this goal, new doping technologies are required. The one studied by the N3G (Next Generation Germanium Gamma detectors) project is the Pulsed Laser Melting. Besides the development of innovative segmented High-Purity Germanium crystals, the project is also aimed at developing a detector case complete of contact structures and front-end electronics. A specific integrated circuit pre-amplifier is being designed: a first version was tested at room temperature, using a pulser as pre-amplifier input. A resolution of 1.08 keV with 15 pF input capacitance, reproducing the one of a detector single segment, was obtained with 6 µs shaping time.
Radiation tolerance of SiGe BiCMOS monolithic silicon pixel detectors without internal gain layer
Authors: Milanesio M. , Paolozzi L. , Moretti T. , Cardella R. , Kugathasan T. , Martinelli F. , Picardi A. , Semendyaev I. , Zambito S. , Nakamura K. , Takubo Y. , Togawa M. , Elviretti M. , Rücker H. , Cadoux F. , Cardarelli R. , Débieux S. , Favre Y. , Fenoglio C.A. , Ferrere D. , Gonzalez-Sevilla S. , Iodice L. , Kotitsa R. , Magliocca C. , Nessi M. , Pizarro-Medina A. , Sabater Iglesias J. , Saidi J. , Vicente Barreto Pinto M. , Iacobucci G. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
A monolithic silicon pixel prototype produced for the
MONOLITH ERC Advanced project was irradiated with 70 MeV protons up
to a fluence of 1 × 1016
1 MeV n
eq/cm2. The ASIC contains a matrix of
hexagonal pixels with 100 μm pitch, readout by low-noise and
very fast SiGe HBT frontend electronics. Wafers with 50 μm
thick epilayer with a resistivity of 350 Ωcm were used to
produce a fully depleted sensor. Laboratory tests conducted with a
90Sr source show that the detector works satisfactorily after
irradiation. The signal-to-noise ratio is not seen to change up to
fluence of 6 × 1014
n
eq/cm2. The signal
time jitter was estimated as the ratio between the voltage noise and
the signal slope at threshold. At -35°C, sensor bias voltage
of 200 V and frontend power consumption of 0.9 W/cm2, the time
jitter of the most-probable signal amplitude was estimated to be σ
t
90Sr = 21 ps for proton fluence up to
6 × 1014
n
eq/cm2 and 57 ps at
1 × 1016
n
eq/cm2. Increasing the sensor
bias to 250 V and the analog voltage of the preamplifier from 1.8
to 2.0 V provides a time jitter of 40 ps at
1 × 1016
n
eq/cm2.
A ROS-responsive loaded desferoxamine (DFO) hydrogel system for traumatic brain injury therapy
Authors: Qiu Yun , Zeng Yu , Zhang Chun , Lv Xiaorui , Ling Yating , Si Yu , Guo Tao , Ni Yinying , Zhang Jingwen , Xu Changgen , Wang Ziyu , Hu Jiabo 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) produces excess iron, and increased iron accumulation in the brain leads to lipid peroxidation and reactive oxygen species (ROSs), which can exacerbate secondary damage and lead to disability and death. Therefore, inhibition of iron overload and oxidative stress has a significant role in the treatment of TBI. Functionalized hydrogels with iron overload inhibiting ability and of oxidative stress inhibiting ability will greatly contribute to the repair of TBI. Herein, an injectable, post-traumatic microenvironment-responsive, ROS-responsive hydrogel encapsulated with deferrioxamine mesylate (DFO) was developed. The hydrogel is rapidly formed via dynamic covalent bonding between phenylboronic acid grafted hyaluronic acid (HA-PBA) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and phenylboronate bonds are used to respond to and reduce ROS levels in damaged brain tissue to promote neuronal recovery. The release of DFO from HA-PBA/PVA hydrogels in response to ROS further promotes neuronal regeneration and recovery by relieving iron overload and thus eradicating ROS. In the Feeney model of Sprague Dawley rats, HA-PBA/PVA/DFO hydrogel treatment significantly improved the behavior of TBI rats and reduced the area of brain contusion in rats. In addition, HA-PBA/PVA/DFO hydrogel significantly reduced iron overload to reduce ROS and could effectively promote post-traumatic neuronal recovery. Its effects were also explored, and notably, HA-PBA/PVA/DFO hydrogel can reduce iron overload as well as ROS, thus protecting neurons from death. Thus, this injectable, biocompatible and ROS-responsive drug-loaded hydrogel has great potential for the treatment of TBI. This work suggests a novel method for the treatment of secondary brain injury by inhibiting iron overload and the oxidative stress response after TBI.
Use of antioxidant nanoliposomes for co-delivery of PTEN plasmids and plumbagin to induce apoptosis in hepatic cancer cells
Authors: Bhagat Stuti , Singh Sanjay 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma remains a challenging contributor to the global cancer and related mortality, and claims approximately 800,000 deaths each year. Dysregulation or loss of function mutations involving the tumor suppressor gene, phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten (PTEN), has been well-characterized in various cancers to elicit anomalous cell proliferation and oncogenic transformation. However, the delivery and bioavailability of genes/drugs of interest to carcinomas remains a serious bottleneck behind the success of any anti-cancer formulation. In this study, we have engineered nanoliposomes containing PTEN plasmids, plumbagin, and antioxidant cerium oxide nanoparticles (Lipo-PTEN-Plum) to restore the PTEN expression and inhibit the AKT/PI3K pathway. The Lipo-PTEN-Plum was quasi-spherical in shape with ∼110 nm diameter and ∼64% plumbagin loading efficiency. The Lipo-PTEN-Plum was successfully internalized HepG2 cells, restore PTEN expression and inhibit PI3K/AKT pathway to induce death in cells grown in monolayer and in form of spheroids. Mechanistically, the formulation showed G2/M cell cycle arrest, DNA damage and apoptosis in hepatic cancer cells. Other cellular events such as Caspase-7 overexpression and PI3K (phosphoinositide 3-kinase), AKT (a serine/threonine protein kinase), PARP [Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerases], and mTOR (Mammalian target of rapamycin) inhibition led to the apoptosis in hepatic cancer cells. The mRNA expression profile of PTEN, PI3K, AKT3, Caspase-7, PARP and mTOR proteins, primarily controlling the cancer cell proliferation and apoptosis, suggest that exogenous supply of PTEN could regulate the expression of oncogenic proteins and thus cancer progression.
The nitrogen footprint of Ukraine: why personal consumption matters
Authors: Medinets Sergiy , Leach Allison M , Pavlik Tetiana , Medinets Volodymyr , Galloway James N 
Published: January 2024

AbstractUnintended reactive nitrogen (N) losses from agriculture, energy and transportation pose significant environmental hazards, including eutrophication, acidification, water and air pollution, biodiversity loss, human health risks and climate change. The concept of a nitrogen footprint (NF) emerges as a pivotal metric, reflecting potential N losses in the entire production-consumption chain of goods and services used by an individual within a defined timeframe.In a pioneering assessment of per capita NF in Ukraine, key factors, such as the food production chain, consumption patterns, connection to wastewater treatment (WWT) system and the efficacy of WWT facilities, were identified as critical components. Addressing specific challenges, such as data availability, soil N depletion and manure waste, was found to be particularly complex. The apparent high nitrogen use efficiency in Ukrainian cropping systems was highlighted to be actually reflected in the elevated N mineralization rate in Ukrainian soils characterized by high organic matter content. The individual Ukraine NF (22.1 kg N cap−1yr−1as of 2017) was found to be much lower than that of the US and Australia being comparable to Western European countries. Even so, significant opportunities for reduction remain through a wide range of options towards healthier and more sustainable dietary choices. Potential reductions, ranging from 22% to 69%, were shown for omnivore, reduced red meat, no red meat, half meat products, vegetarian and vegan diets. In the absence of proper manure management in Ukraine, even greater reductions of an ‘actual’ NF can be achieved if wasted N manure is considered.The war’s impact is assumed to result in a slight increase or no changes in individual food consumption NFs and an increase in food production NFs for local products, while reductions in individual transport and energy NFs were likely across Ukraine. Nonetheless, refugees massively displaced to less affected regions overload a largely outdated civilian infrastructure, leading to higher N losses.Looking ahead, sustained support, capital investments, legislative enhancements and regulatory frameworks, especially upon post-war renovation of Ukraine, are imperative for reducing the individual NF. This involves enhancing nitrogen use efficiency in agriculture, establishing efficient manure management, upgrading WWT facilities, promoting renewable energy adoption, bolstering requisite infrastructure and raising public awareness on environmental sustainability.
Revealing the seasonal cycles of Arctic phytoplankton: insights from year-round chlorophyll monitoring
Authors: Ko Eunho , Park Jisoo , Cho Kyoung-Ho , Yoo Jaeill , Moon Jong Kuk , Shim Chorom , Yang Eun Jin 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Rapid Arctic Ocean warming has caused severe sea ice decline, impacting light distribution, phytoplankton blooms, and primary production. We investigated Arctic phytoplankton bloom timing using continuous chlorophyll-a fluorescence data obtained from three Korea Arctic Mooring Systems (KAMSs) deployed north of the East Siberian Sea (KAMS1), north of the Chukchi Sea (KAMS2), and the middle of the Northwind Ridge (KAMS4). Our findings revealed that the bloom initiation times were June 4 (±28 d) in KAMS1, June 24 in KAMS2, and May 21 (±6 d) in KAMS4, when the sea ice concentration (SIC) was >90% and the ice thickness was 1–2 m, indicating that the under-ice phytoplankton blooms (UIBs) developed 1–2 months before the sea ice retreated (mid-July, when SIC was <80%). Peak bloom and termination times were consistently observed in early August and mid-October, respectively. The average phytoplankton bloom lasted for approximately four months, longer than the open water periods at the mooring sites. However, the timing of the phytoplankton blooms from the biogeochemical model-based reconstructions was, on average, 6–10 weeks later than that deduced from the observed data. Furthermore, the maximum chlorophyll-a concentration observed during the bloom peak was approximately ten-times higher than that indicated by the biogeochemical model-based reconstructions (1.81 vs. 0.17 mg −3). The differences in chlorophyll-a concentrations and bloom timings indicate that biogeochemical models remain insufficient for simulating the phytoplankton dynamics of the Arctic Ocean, such as UIBs and the subsurface chlorophyll maximum layer. Based on the continuously observed chlorophyll-a concentrations, we gained a precise understanding of the seasonal cycles of Arctic phytoplankton, including UIBs. These valuable data will contribute to improving the accuracy of biogeochemical models of the Arctic Ocean.
Measuring tropical rainforest resilience under non-Gaussian disturbances
Authors: Benson Vitus , Donges Jonathan F , Boers Niklas , Hirota Marina , Morr Andreas , Staal Arie , Vollmer Jürgen , Wunderling Nico 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The Amazon rainforest is considered one of the Earth’s tipping elements and may lose stability under ongoing climate change. Recently a decrease in tropical rainforest resilience has been identified globally from remotely sensed vegetation data. However, the underlying theory assumes a Gaussian distribution of forest disturbances, which is different from most observed forest stressors such as fires, deforestation, or windthrow. Those stressors often occur in power-law-like distributions and can be approximated by α-stable Lévy noise. Here, we show that classical critical slowing down (CSD) indicators to measure changes in forest resilience are robust under such power-law disturbances. To assess the robustness of CSD indicators, we simulate pulse-like perturbations in an adapted and conceptual model of a tropical rainforest. We find few missed early warnings and few false alarms are achievable simultaneously if the following steps are carried out carefully: first, the model must be known to resolve the timescales of the perturbation. Second, perturbations need to be filtered according to their absolute temporal autocorrelation. Third, CSD has to be assessed using the non-parametric Kendall-τ slope. These prerequisites allow for an increase in the sensitivity of early warning signals. Hence, our findings imply improved reliability of the interpretation of empirically estimated rainforest resilience through CSD indicators.
Global biomethane and carbon dioxide removal potential through anaerobic digestion of waste biomass
Authors: Feng Yanlei , Rosa Lorenzo 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Anaerobic digestion is a bioenergy technology that can play a vital role in achieving net-zero emissions by converting organic matter into biomethane and biogenic carbon dioxide. By implementing bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS), carbon dioxide can be separated from biomethane, captured, and permanently stored, thus generating carbon dioxide removal (CDR) to offset hard-to-abate emissions. Here, we quantify the global availability of waste biomass for BECCS and their CDR and biomethane technical potentials. These biomass feedstocks do not create additional impacts on land, water, and biodiversity and can allow a more sustainable development of BECCS while still preserving soil fertility. We find that up to 1.5 Gt CO2 per year, or 3% of global GHG emissions, are available to be deployed for CDR worldwide. The conversion of waste biomass can generate up to 10 700 TWh of bioenergy per year, equivalent to 10% of global final energy consumption and 27% of global natural gas supply. Our assessment quantifies the climate mitigation potential of waste biomass and its capacity to contribute to negative emissions without relying on extensive biomass plantations.
q-analog qudit Dicke states
Authors: Raveh David , Nepomechie Rafael I 
Published: January 2024

AbstractDicke states are completely symmetric states of multiple qubits (2-level systems), and qudit Dicke states are theird-level generalization. We define hereq-deformed qudit Dicke states using the quantum algebrasuq(d). We show that these states can be compactly expressed as a weighted sum over permutations withq-factors involving the so-called inversion number, an important permutation statistic in Combinatorics. We use this result to compute the bipartite entanglement entropy of these states. We also discuss the preparation of these states on a quantum computer, and show that introducing aq-dependence does not change the circuit gate count.
4D printed shape-shifting biomaterials for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications
Authors: Kalogeropoulou Maria , Díaz-Payno Pedro J , Mirzaali Mohammad J , van Osch Gerjo J V M , Fratila-Apachitei Lidy E , Zadpoor Amir A 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The existing 3D printing methods exhibit certain fabrication-dependent limitations for printing curved constructs that are relevant for many tissues. Four-dimensional (4D) printing is an emerging technology that is expected to revolutionize the field of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine (TERM). 4D printing is based on 3D printing, featuring the introduction of time as the fourth dimension, in which there is a transition from a 3D printed scaffold to a new, distinct, and stable state, upon the application of one or more stimuli. Here, we present an overview of the current developments of the 4D printing technology for TERM, with a focus on approaches to achieve temporal changes of the shape of the printed constructs that would enable biofabrication of highly complex structures. To this aim, the printing methods, types of stimuli, shape-shifting mechanisms, and cell-incorporation strategies are critically reviewed. Furthermore, the challenges of this very recent biofabrication technology as well as the future research directions are discussed. Our findings show that the most common printing methods so far are stereolithography (SLA) and extrusion bioprinting, followed by fused deposition modelling, while the shape-shifting mechanisms used for TERM applications are shape-memory and differential swelling for 4D printing and 4D bioprinting, respectively. For shape-memory mechanism, there is a high prevalence of synthetic materials, such as polylactic acid (PLA), poly(glycerol dodecanoate) acrylate (PGDA), or polyurethanes. On the other hand, different acrylate combinations of alginate, hyaluronan, or gelatin have been used for differential swelling-based 4D transformations. TERM applications include bone, vascular, and cardiac tissues as the main target of the 4D (bio)printing technology. The field has great potential for further development by considering the combination of multiple stimuli, the use of a wider range of 4D techniques, and the implementation of computational-assisted strategies.