bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhancing the accuracy, speed, and efficiency of kafirin‐PEO electrospun bio‐nanocomposite pH indicators with red beetroot extract using image processing
Authors: Tavana Fatemeh , Hematian Sourki Abdollah , Golmakani Mohammad‐Taghi 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIntelligent electrospun pH indicators were produced from bio‐nanocomposite kafirin‐polyethylene oxide (PEO) containing red beetroot extract. The aim was to evaluate the performance and stability of the electrospun pH indicators via image processing. Red beetroot extract was added to a mixture of kafirin and PEO at various concentrations. The mixtures were electrospun, and infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy confirmed the presence of kafirin, PEO, and red beetroot extract in the resulting pH indicator. The results showed that the pH indicators had high stability and reversibility at different temperatures, pHs, and environmental conditions. The results showed that the color of the indicators was significantly reversible after pH changes, with highly desirable reversibility observed at pH values of 1, 3, 4, 5, 7, 9, and 10. The findings proved that the red beetroot extract loaded bio‐nanocomposite pH indicator accompanied by evaluation of color characteristics through image processing technique, can serve as a time‐efficient, accurate tool for detecting and tracking pH changes caused by food spoilage.
Preparing for the ‘next pandemic’: Why we need to escape from our silos
Authors: Correia Tiago , Ricciardi Walter , McKee Martin 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic revealed major failings in many countries. We argue that one of the reasons, at global, national, and local levels, was that those involved were working in silos, unable to bring together the many diverse perspectives needed to respond to this complex problem. This is despite a growing recognition of the importance of adopting a Health For All Policies approach. Silo working, and the problems it creates, are not unique to health policy so there are opportunities to learn from those organisations that have tackled this issue.
Sigmoid volvulus in pregnancy: A rare case report
Authors: Pfeiffer Alixandria F. , Clark Reece E. , Sullivan Jana , Rizvi Syed A. A. , Byrne John J. , Boyd Angela R. 
Published: January 2024

SynopsisSigmoid volvulus in pregnancy is a surgical emergency that requires speedy diagnosis and definitive treatment at an appropriate level of care center as it may provoke preterm labor.
Blockchain‐based food traceability in Apulian marketplace: Improving sustainable agri‐food consumers perception and trust
Authors: Fiore Marco , Frem Michel , Mongiello Marina , Bozzo Francesco , Montemurro Cinzia , Tricarico Giovanni , Petrontino Alessandro 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBlockchain‐based traceability systems play a crucial role in providing comprehensive product information to consumers and its strategic value for businesses. We explore how traceability builds customer trust by disclosing manufacturing details, product origin, and supply‐chain information. The study gives an overview of the TRACECOOP project and its implementation based on the architecture developed in collaboration with project partners. Further, this study examines Apulia (southern Italy) consumers' willingness‐to‐pay (WTP as price premium) towards this innovative technology regarding additional labeling information. The results reveal an overall positive average WTPs of EUR 0.98 towards the presence of Blockchain Technology/QR code on the labels of five agri‐food products.
TBC1D2B undergoes phase separation and mediates autophagy initiation
Authors: Hoffmann Marina E. , Jacomin Anne‐Claire , Popovic Doris , Kalina Daniel , Covarrubias‐Pinto Adriana , Dikic Ivan 
Published: January 2024

AbstractSmall ubiquitin‐like modifiers from the ATG8 family regulate autophagy initiation and progression in mammalian cells. Their interaction with LC3‐interacting region (LIR) containing proteins promotes cargo sequestration, phagophore assembly, or even fusion between autophagosomes and lysosomes. Previously, we have shown that RabGAP proteins from the TBC family directly bind to LC3/GABARAP proteins. In the present study, we focus on the function of TBC1D2B. We show that TBC1D2B contains a functional canonical LIR motif and acts at an early stage of autophagy by binding to both LC3/GABARAP and ATG12 conjugation complexes. Subsequently, TBC1D2B is degraded by autophagy. TBC1D2B condensates into liquid droplets upon autophagy induction. Our study suggests that phase separation is an underlying mechanism of TBC1D2B‐dependent autophagy induction.
Gastric cancer mesenchymal stem cells promote tumor glycolysis and chemoresistance by regulating B7H3 in gastric cancer cells
Authors: Gao Qiuzhi , Huang Chao , Liu Ting , Yang Fumeng , Chen Zhihong , Sun Li , Zhao Yuanyuan , Wang Mei , Luo Liqi , Zhou Chenglin , Zhu Wei 
Published: January 2024

AbstractDespite surgical treatment combined with multidrug therapy having made some progress, chemotherapy resistance is the main cause of recurrence and death of gastric cancer (GC). Gastric cancer mesenchymal stem cells (GCMSCs) have been reported to be correlated with the limited efficacy of chemotherapy in GC, but the mechanism of GCMSCs regulating GC resistance needs to be further studied. The gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was performed to explore the glycolysis‐related pathways heterogeneity across different cell subpopulations. Glucose uptake and lactate production assays were used to evaluate the importance of B7H3 expression in GCMSCs‐treated GC cells. The therapeutic efficacy of oxaliplatin (OXA) and paclitaxel (PTX) was determined using CCK‐8 and colony formation assays. Signaling pathways altered by GCMSCs‐CM were revealed by immunoblotting. The expression of TNF‐α in GCMSCs and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) was detected by western blot analysis and qPCR. Our results showed that the OXA and PTX resistance of GC cells were significantly enhanced in the GCMSCs‐CM treated GC cells. Acquired OXA and PTX resistance was characterized by increased cell viability for OXA and PTX, the formation of cell colonies, and decreased levels of cell apoptosis, which were accompanied by reduced levels of cleaved caspase‐3 and Bax expression, and increased levels of Bcl‐2, HK2, MDR1, and B7H3 expression. Blocking TNF‐α in GCMSCs‐CM, B7H3 knockdown or the use of 2‐DG, a key enzyme inhibitor of glycolysis in GC cells suppressed the OXA and PTX resistance of GC cells that had been treated with GCMSCs‐CM. This study shows that GCMSCs‐CM derived TNF‐α could upregulate the expression of B7H3 of GC cells to promote tumor chemoresistance. Our results provide a new basis for the treatment of GC.
Disparities in funding for Nobel Prize awards in medicine and physiology across nationalities, races, and gender
Authors: Neikirk Kit , Vue Zer , Vue Neng , Barongan Taylor , Vang Chia , Beasley Heather K. , Marshall Andrea G. , Kirabo Annet , Wanajalla Celestine N. , Smith Nathan , Morton Derrick , Shuler Haysetta D. , Hinton Antentor 
Published: January 2024

AbstractSince 1901, the Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine has been awarded to numerous individuals for their outstanding contributions. This article presents a comprehensive analysis of the Nobel Prize recipients, focusing on gender, race, and nationality. We observe that an alarming disparity emerges when we examine the underrepresentation of Black scientists among Nobel laureates. Furthermore, trends in nationalities show how Americans make up the majority of Nobel Prize winners, while there is a noticeable lack of gender and racial minority winners of the Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine. Together, this highlights the importance of diversity and inclusion in scientific achievement. We offer suggestions and techniques, including funding opportunities and expanding nominators, to improve the gender, racial, and geographical diversity of Nobel Prizes.
Speaking up for the invisible minority: First‐generation students in higher education
Authors: Kamalumpundi Vijayvardhan , Silvers Sophielle , Franklin Latisha , Neikirk Kit , Spencer Elsie , Beasley Heather K. , Wanajalla Celestine N. , Vue Zer , Crabtree Amber , Kirabo Annet , Gaddy Jennifer A. , Damo Steven M. , McReynolds Melanie R. , Odie Latanya Hammonds , Murray Sandra A. , Zavala Maria Elena , Vazquez Arnaldo Diaz , Hinton Antentor 
Published: January 2024

AbstractA first‐generation college student is typically defined as a student whose biological parent(s) or guardian(s) never attended college or who started but did not finish college. However, “first‐generation” can represent diverse family education situations. The first‐generation student community is a multifaceted, and intersectional group of individuals who frequently lack educational/financial resources to succeed and, consequently, require supportive environments with rigorous mentorship. However, first‐generation students often do not make their identity as first‐generation students known to others due to several psychosocial and academic factors. Therefore, they are often “invisible minorities” in higher education. In this paper, we describe the diverse family situations of first‐generation students, further define “first‐generation,” and suggest five actions that first‐generation trainees at the undergraduate/graduate stages can engage in to succeed in an academic climate. We also provide suggestions for mentors to accommodate first‐generation students' unique experiences and equip them with tools to deliver intentional mentoring practices. We hope that this paper will help promote first‐generation student success throughout the academic pipeline.
Exercise training response according to baseline ferrokinetics in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: A substudy of the TRAINING‐HF trial
Authors: Palau Patricia , López Laura , Domínguez Eloy , de La Espriella Rafael , Campuzano Raquel , Castro Almudena , Miñana Gema , Fernández‐Cisnal Agustin , Sanchis Juan , Núñez Julio 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundIron deficiency (ID) is associated with impaired functional capacity in patients with heart failure (HF), even in those with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). This study aimed to evaluate the effect of baseline ferrokinetics on peak oxygen consumption (peakVO2) improvement after a 12‐week physical therapy programme in patients with stable HFpEF.MethodsThis study is a post‐hoc sub‐analysis of a randomized clinical trial in which 59 stable patients with HFpEF were randomized to receive a 12‐week programme of inspiratory muscle training (IMT), functional electrical stimulation (FES), IMT + FES or usual care (UC) to evaluate change in peakVO2 (NCT02638961). Serum ferritin and transferrin saturation (TSAT) determinations were assessed at baseline. ID was defined as ferritin <100 ng/mL and/or TSAT <20% if ferritin was within 100–299 ng/mL. We used a linear mixed regression model to analyse between‐treatment changes in peakVO2 across ferrokinetics status at 12 and 24 weeks.ResultsThe mean age was 74 ± 9 years, and 36 (61%) had ID. The mean of peakVO2 was 9.9 ± 2.5 mL/kg/min. The median of ferritin and transferrin saturation (TSAT) was 91 (50–181) ng/mL and 23% (16–30), respectively. A total of 52 patients completed the trial (13 patients per arm). Compared with those patients on UC, patients allocated to any of the active arms showed less improvement in peak VO2 when they showed ID (P‐value for interaction <0.001), lower values of ferritin (P‐value for interaction <0.001), or TSAT (P‐value for interaction <0.001).ConclusionsFerrokinetics status plays an essential role in modifying the aerobic capacity response to physical therapies in patients with HFpEF. Further studies are required to confirm these findings.
Families' experiences accessing care after genomic sequencing in the pediatric cancer context: “It's just been a big juggle”
Authors: Vuocolo Blake , Gutierrez Amanda M. , Robinson Jill O. , Recinos Alva M. , Desrosiers Lauren R. , Majumder Mary A. , Bernini Juan Carlos , Gill Jonathan , Griffin Timothy , Tomlinson Gail E. , Vallance Kelly , McGuire Amy L. , Parsons D. Williams , Plon Sharon E. , Scollon Sarah 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAccess to genomic sequencing (GS) and resulting recommendations have not been well described in pediatric oncology. GS results may provide a cancer predisposition syndrome (CPS) diagnosis that warrants screening and specialist visits beyond cancer treatment, including testing or surveillance for family members. The Texas KidsCanSeq (KCS) Study evaluated implementation of GS in a diverse pediatric oncology population. We conducted semi‐structured interviews (n = 20) to explore experiences of KCS patients' families around learning about a CPS diagnosis and following up on recommended care. We used qualitative content analysis to develop themes and subthemes across families' descriptions of their experiences accessing care and to understand which factors presented barriers and/or facilitators. We found participants had difficulty differentiating which follow‐up care recommendations were made for their child's current cancer treatment versus the CPS. In families' access to follow‐up care for CPS, organizational factors were crucial: travel time and distance were common hardships, while coordination of care to streamline multiple appointments with different providers helped facilitate CPS care. Financial factors also impacted families' access to CPS‐related follow‐up care: having financial assistance and insurance were facilitators for families, while costs and lack of insurance posed as barriers for patients who lost coverage during transitions from pediatric to adult care, and for adult family members who had no coverage. Factors related to beliefs and perceptions, specifically perceiving the risk as less salient to them and feeling overwhelmed with the patient's cancer care, presented barriers to follow‐up care primarily for family members. Regarding social factors, competing life priorities made it difficult for families to access follow‐up care, though having community support alleviated these barriers. We suggest interventions to improve coordination of cancer treatment and CPS‐related care and adherence to surveillance protocols for families as children age, such as care navigators and integrating longitudinal genetic counseling into hereditary cancer centers.
Issues, challenges, and future perspectives of genetic counseling in Republic of Korea: Perspectives of laboratory physicians based on a 2022 survey
Authors: Seo Soo Hyun , Kim Namhee , Yoo Jongha , Kim Do‐Hoon , Kim Jieun , Huh Jungwon , Kong Sun‐Young , Seo Eul Joo ,   The committee of Genetic Counseling in Korean Society for Genetic Diagnostics (KSGD)
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe field of genetic counseling (GC) in the Republic of Korea has evolved from a single medical doctor's clinic to a multidisciplinary service with medical geneticists and non‐medical professionals working as a team. Here, we assessed the current status of GC in the Republic of Korea based on professional surveys from the perspective of laboratory physicians. An electronic survey was designed and conducted, with the respondents being 50 certified laboratory physicians who were members of the Korean Society for Genetic Diagnostics. Among the 50 respondents, 12 (24%) operated GC clinics. The number of sessions and cases of GC have been on the rise over the last few years, and counseling for cancer genetics was the most common request. Most respondents considered a good understanding of the genetic test and the ability to interpret the test results as strengths of laboratory physicians as medical geneticists, while the lack of clinical experience was a weakness. Education programs regarding laboratory physicians' needs should be provided for high‐quality counseling. Lastly, improving the efficiency of GC by strengthening the workforce through a multidisciplinary team is necessary.
MRI Gadolinium‐Based Contrast Media: Meeting Radiological, Clinical, and Environmental Needs
Authors: Bendszus Martin , Laghi Andrea , Munuera Josep , Tanenbaum Lawrence N. , Taouli Bachir , Thoeny Harriet C. 
Published: January 2024

Gadolinium‐based contrast agents (GBCAs) are routinely used in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). They are essential for choosing the most appropriate medical or surgical strategy for patients with serious pathologies, particularly in oncologic, inflammatory, and cardiovascular diseases. However, GBCAs have been associated with an increased risk of nephrogenic systemic fibrosis in patients with renal failure, as well as the possibility of deposition in the brain, bones, and other organs, even in patients with normal renal function. Research is underway to reduce the quantity of gadolinium injected, without compromising image quality and diagnosis. The next generation of GBCAs will enable a reduction in the gadolinium dose administered. Gadopiclenol is the first of this new generation of GBCAs, with high relaxivity, thus having the potential to reduce the gadolinium dose while maintaining good in vivo stability due to its macrocyclic structure. High‐stability and high‐relaxivity GBCAs will be one of the solutions for reducing the dose of gadolinium to be administered in clinical practice, while the development of new technologies, including optimization of MRI acquisitions, new contrast mechanisms, and artificial intelligence may help reduce the need for GBCAs. Future solutions may involve a combination of next‐generation GBCAs and image‐processing techniques to optimize diagnosis and treatment planning while minimizing exposure to gadolinium.Level of Evidence5Technical EfficacyStage 3
Relative importance of global warming, the IPO, and the AMO in surface air temperature and terrestrial precipitation
Authors: Xu ChengYu , Tao Li , Rong YiNeng , Xu Chuan 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe relative importance of oceanic modes to global surface air temperature (SAT) and terrestrial precipitation during 1934–2020 was investigated using a variety of statistical and dynamical system methods. Through singular spectrum analysis, we present the distribution of decadal (10–20‐year), multidecadal (20–50‐year), and secular (>50‐year) variabilities of global SAT and terrestrial precipitation anomalies. Three sea surface temperature modes were identified by singular value decomposition that affect the low‐frequency variabilities of global SAT and terrestrial precipitation anomalies—namely, global warming (GW), the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation (IPO), and the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO). The relative importance GW, the IPO, and the AMO in SAT and terrestrial precipitation was obtained through a normalized multivariate information flow analysis. Besides a high information flow percentage (60%) from GW to global SAT, especially over the northern Indian Ocean and tropical West Pacific, information flow from the AMO to the northwestern Pacific was also found. In terms of terrestrial precipitation, a large area with a wet trend was found over Eurasia at mid‐to‐high latitudes, and this trend was especially remarkable in the boreal winter half‐year (November–April), as compared with that in the boreal summer half‐year (May–October). By employing artificial neutral networks with a self‐organized map to cluster the key patterns of vertically integrated water vapour flux, we found that the synoptic circulation related to the wet trend is characterized by westerly flow that transports water vapour from the northeastern Atlantic to Eurasia, which is favourable for precipitation there both in the boreal winter and summer half‐year.
Dermatological manifestations in the intensive care unit of a third‐level hospital
Authors: Méndez‐Flores Silvia , Mireles‐Alvarez Cynthia Andrea , Barrera‐Godinez Alejando , Dominguez‐Cherit Judith 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundDermatologic diseases are common in patients being treated in intensive care units (ICU). However, due to the seriousness of the patient's condition, skin diseases take a backseat, although these are sometimes the cause of the greatest deterioration. Very few studies focusing on these dermatoses have been undertaken.ObjectivesThis study aimed to determine the prevalence and spectrum of dermatological disorders in patients treated in a medical ICU of a tertiary care centre.MethodsThis was a descriptive study conducted over a period of 8 months. All the patients admitted to the medical ICU were examined for the presence of any pre‐existing or newly developed dermatological disorder. Dermatological disorders were initially classified into infective and noninfective. Patients with dermatological findings were classified into two groups: those who survived and those who died; they were compared with each other with respect to age and sex distribution, length of ICU stay and dermatological findings.ResultsOut of 776 cases admitted to the ICU during the study period, dermatological disorders were observed in 164 (21.13%) cases. Life‐threatening dermatological disorders were seen in 3.05% of cases. Twenty‐nine (17.68%) patients with dermatological findings died. Among these cases, infectious dermatological disorders were significantly less common, while no significant difference was observed for reactive dermatological disorders.ConclusionsDermatological disorders in ICU are common and have a wide spectrum. They often need treatment and may be indicative of underlying potentially fatal systemic illness. Besides, a subset of cutaneous lesions may develop in response to various medical interventions, immunosuppression and immobility. Knowledge of such dermatoses is thus essential, both for the intensivist and dermatologist.
Recent Progress in the Endosomal Escape Mechanism and Chemical Structures of Polycations for Nucleic Acid Delivery
Authors: Mehta Mohit J. , Kim Hyun Jin , Lim Sung Been , Naito Mitsuru , Miyata Kanjiro 
Published: January 2024

AbstractNucleic acid‐based therapies are seeing a spiralling surge. Stimuli‐responsive polymers, especially pH‐responsive ones, are gaining widespread attention because of their ability to efficiently deliver nucleic acids. These polymers can be synthesized and modified according to target requirements, such as delivery sites and the nature of nucleic acids. In this regard, the endosomal escape mechanism of polymer–nucleic acid complexes (polyplexes) remains a topic of considerable interest owing to various plausible escape mechanisms. This review describes current progress in the endosomal escape mechanism of polyplexes and state‐of‐the‐art chemical designs for pH‐responsive polymers. The importance is also discussed of the acid dissociation constant (i.e., pKa) in designing the new generation of pH‐responsive polymers, along with assays to monitor and quantify the endosomal escape behavior. Further, the use of machine learning is addressed in pKa prediction and polymer design to find novel chemical structures for pH responsiveness. This review will facilitate the design of new pH‐responsive polymers for advanced and efficient nucleic acid delivery.