bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Filamentary Dust Polarization and the Morphology of Neutral Hydrogen Structures
Authors: Halal George , Clark Susan E. , Cukierman Ari , Beck Dominic , Kuo Chao-Lin 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Filamentary structures in neutral hydrogen (H i) emission are well aligned with the interstellar magnetic field, so H i emission morphology can be used to construct templates that strongly correlate with measurements of polarized thermal dust emission. We explore how the quantification of filament morphology affects this correlation. We introduce a new implementation of the Rolling Hough Transform (RHT) using spherical harmonic convolutions, which enables efficient quantification of filamentary structure on the sphere. We use this Spherical RHT algorithm along with a Hessian-based method to construct H i-based polarization templates. We discuss improvements to each algorithm relative to similar implementations in the literature and compare their outputs. By exploring the parameter space of filament morphologies with the Spherical RHT, we find that the most informative H i structures for modeling the magnetic field structure are the thinnest resolved filaments. For this reason, we find a ∼10% enhancement in the B-mode correlation with polarized dust emission with higher-resolution H i observations. We demonstrate that certain interstellar morphologies can produce parity-violating signatures, i.e., nonzero TB and EB, even under the assumption that filaments are locally aligned with the magnetic field. Finally, we demonstrate that B modes from interstellar dust filaments are mostly affected by the topology of the filaments with respect to one another and their relative polarized intensities, whereas E modes are mostly sensitive to the shapes of individual filaments.
The Scaling of Vortical Electron Acceleration in Thin-current Magnetic Reconnection and Its Implications in Solar Flares
Authors: Crawford C. , Che H. , Benz A. O. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
To investigate how magnetic reconnection (MR) accelerates electrons to a power-law energy spectrum in solar flares, we explore the scaling of a kinetic model proposed by Che & Zank (CZ) and compare it to observations. Focusing on thin current sheet MR particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations, we analyze the impact of domain size on the evolution of the electron Kelvin–Helmholtz instability (EKHI). We find that the duration of the growth stage of the EKHI (

t

G

∼

Ω

e

−
1

) is short and remains nearly unchanged because the electron gyrofrequency Ω
e
is independent of domain size. The quasi-steady stage of the EKHI (t
MR) dominates the electron acceleration process and scales linearly with the size of the simulations as L/v
A0, where v
A0 is the Alfvén speed. We use the analytical results obtained by CZ to calculate the continuous temporal evolution of the electron energy spectra from PIC simulations and linearly scale them to solar flare observational scales. For the first time, an electron acceleration model predicts the sharp two-stage transition observed in typical soft–hard–harder electron energy spectra, implying that the electron acceleration model must be efficient with an acceleration timescale that is a small fraction of the duration of solar flares. Our results suggest that we can use PIC MR simulations to investigate the observational electron energy spectral evolution of solar flares if the ratio t
MR/t

G
is sufficiently small, i.e., ≲10%.
Potential Melting of Extrasolar Planets by Tidal Dissipation
Authors: Seligman Darryl Z. , Feinstein Adina D. , Lai Dong , Welbanks Luis , Taylor Aster G. , Becker Juliette , Adams Fred C. , Morgan Marvin , Bergner Jennifer B. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Tidal heating on Io due to its finite eccentricity was predicted to drive surface volcanic activity, which was subsequently confirmed by the Voyager spacecraft. Although the volcanic activity in Io is more complex, in theory volcanism can be driven by runaway melting in which the tidal heating increases as the mantle thickness decreases. We show that this runaway melting mechanism is generic for a composite planetary body with liquid core and solid mantle, provided that (i) the mantle rigidity, μ, is comparable to the central pressure, i.e., μ/(ρ
gR
P) ≳ 0.1 for a body with density ρ, surface gravitational acceleration g, and radius R
P; (ii) the surface is not molten; (iii) tides deposit sufficient energy; and (iv) the planet has nonzero eccentricity. We calculate the approximate liquid core radius as a function of μ/(ρ
gR
P), and find that more than 90% of the core will melt due to this runaway for μ/(ρ
gR
P) ≳ 1. From all currently confirmed exoplanets, we find that the terrestrial planets in the L 98-59 system are the most promising candidates for sustaining active volcanism. However, uncertainties regarding the quality factors and the details of tidal heating and cooling mechanisms prohibit definitive claims of volcanism on any of these planets. We generate synthetic transmission spectra of these planets assuming Venus-like atmospheric compositions with an additional 5%, 50%, and 98% SO2 component, which is a tracer of volcanic activity. We find a ≳3σ preference for a model with SO2 with 5–10 transits with JWST for L 98-59bcd.
Tomographic Imaging of the Sagittarius Spiral Arm's Magnetic Field Structure
Authors: Doi 土井 Yasuo 靖生 , Nakamura 中村 Kengo 謙吾 , Kawabata 川端 Koji S. 弘治 , Matsumura 松村 Masafumi 雅文 , Akitaya 秋田 Hiroshi 谷洋 , Coudé Simon , Rodrigues Claudia V. , Kwon 權 Jungmi 靜美 , Tamura 田村 Motohide 元秀 , Tahani Mehrnoosh , Magalhães Antonio Mario , Santos-Lima Reinaldo , Angarita Yenifer , Versteeg José , Haverkorn Marijke , Hasegawa 長谷 Tetsuo 川哲夫 , Sadavoy Sarah , Arzoumanian Doris , Bastien Pierre 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The Galactic global magnetic field is thought to play a vital role in shaping Galactic structures such as spiral arms and giant molecular clouds. However, our knowledge of magnetic field structures in the Galactic plane at different distances is limited, as measurements used to map the magnetic field are the integrated effect along the line of sight. In this study, we present the first ever tomographic imaging of magnetic field structures in a Galactic spiral arm. Using optical stellar polarimetry over a

17
′
×
10
′

field of view, we probe the Sagittarius spiral arm. Combining these data with stellar distances from the Gaia mission, we can isolate the contributions of five individual clouds along the line of sight by analyzing the polarimetry data as a function of distance. The observed clouds include a foreground cloud (d < 200 pc) and four clouds in the Sagittarius arm at 1.23, 1.47, 1.63, and 2.23 kpc. The column densities of these clouds range from 0.5 to 2.8 × 1021 cm−2. The magnetic fields associated with each cloud show smooth spatial distributions within their observed regions on scales smaller than 10 pc and display distinct orientations. The position angles projected on the plane of the sky, measured from the Galactic north to the east, for the clouds in increasing order of distance are 135°, 46°, 58°, 150°, and 40°, with uncertainties of a few degrees. Notably, these position angles deviate significantly from the direction parallel to the Galactic plane.
Cumuler les preuves du dévouement
Authors: Agnoux Perrine 
Published: January 2024

Cet article explore l’influence du territoire rural sur le rapport au temps des jeunes femmes de classes populaires. Il repose sur une enquête ethnographique réalisée de 2017 à 2019 auprès de 54 femmes âgées de 18 à 28 ans. Cette étude dévoile d’abord la disponibilité permanente qui leur est demandée dans les sphères professionnelle, familiale et associative. Elles expérimentent très tôt les tensions de la conciliation, en raison de traits spécifiques aux espaces ruraux : une offre de services limitée, un marché du travail peu favorable aux femmes, des coûts et des temps de transport élevés, une interconnaissance forte. Elle pointe ensuite les conséquences de cette injonction à la disponibilité. Comme elles n’ont pas la maîtrise d’un temps « pour soi », ces jeunes femmes sont moins visibles sur la scène publique locale.
L’enquête longitudinaleFamilles et employeurs (FamEmp)
Authors: Fontaine Roméo , Pailhé Ariane , Remillon Delphine 
Published: January 2024

L’article éclaire les évolutions et les enjeux actuels de la recherche sur l’articulation entre la vie familiale et la vie professionnelle. Il met en évidence les atouts et les limites des enquêtes statistiques existantes pour traiter ces questions et présente le projet d’enquête longitudinale Familles et employeurs (FamEmp), qui s’adresse à la fois aux individus et à leurs employeurs. Sa diffusion au sein de la communauté scientifique permettra notamment de répondre à trois enjeux majeurs : l’effet des nouvelles formes d’emploi et de travail, en particulier du télétravail ; la situation des proches aidants ; l’évaluation des effets des politiques familiales et d’entreprise.
Retarding sunflower oil oxidation during the deep-fat frying of potato chips using micro-encapsulated Convolvulus arvensis Linn leaf phenolic extract
Authors: Hammad K.S.M. , Elkharsa M.M. , El-Nikeety M.M.A. , Hallabo S.A.S. 
Published: January 2024

In this research, the extraction of polyphenols from Convolvulus arvensis (CA) leaves was optimized using ethanol (80%) at plant/solvent ratios and extraction times which varied between 1/10 to 1/30 (w/v) and 20 to 120 min, respectively. The extract with the highest polyphenol content was obtained at a ratio of 1/30 and 90 min. At 120 ppm, the preceding extract in either lyophilized (LyCAE) or encapsulated (EnCAE) form was evaluated as an antioxidant during the frying process using sunflower oil in comparison to TBHQ. Frying oil quality indices including refractive index, smoke point, acid value, anisidine value, polar and polymer compounds were monitored throughout frying times. FTIR spectroscopy was used to investigate the changes in trans-fatty acids, hydroperoxides and aldehyde contents. The results showed that the phenolic extract, especially in EnCAE form, exhibited superior antioxidant activity over TBHQ, which consequently led to the utilization of this phenolic extract as an antioxidant in frying oils.
Investigation of Demographic Characteristics of Spontaneous Pneumothorax Patients Presenting to the Emergency Department
Authors: Tekin Yaşar , Selvi Fatih , Yıldız Günay , Bedel Cihan , Zortuk Ökkeş 
Published: January 2024

Background:
Pneumothorax (PNX) is the presence of air between the parietal and visceral pleura and secondary lung collapse. This study aimed to analyze the demographic analysis of patients who applied to the emergency department and were found to have spontaneous PNX and to investigate the effect of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.

Methods:
Patients diagnosed with spontaneous PNX and admitted to the emergency department between January 01, 2020 and August 01, 2022 were analyzed. The hospital data processing system examined the patient’s vital signs, the complaint of admission to the emergency department, chronic diseases, imaging method, the treatment applied, outcome, and the presence of past COVID-19 diagnosis.

Results:
Of the patients who developed spontaneous PNX, 87.5% (n = 105) were male. The most common comorbid disease observed in patients is hypertension (23.3%), and 10.8% of patients have a diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Ten percent of the patients have a history of PNX, and 15% have a history of previous thoracic surgery for various reasons. 6.7% of the patients had COVID-19 infection.

Conclusion:
PNX is a disease that all physicians can encounter and require urgent intervention, and it is important to know both the treatment options and the factors associated with the disease.
Association of preoperative serum adipokines, insulin, and sex steroid hormones with breast cancer risk in the Indian women
Authors: Dhiman Deepshikha , Kumar Ashish , Shukla Shailaja 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background:
Obesity-related factors such as adipokines, insulin, insulin-like growth factors, and sex steroid hormones have been reported to be involved in breast carcinogenesis. Studies across the world suggest an important, but still controversial, role of obesity in breast cancer risk. This study aims to evaluate the association of obesity-related factors such as adipokines, insulin, insulin resistance, and sex steroid hormones with breast cancer risk in the Indian population.

Materials and Methods:
Anthropometric and biochemical measurements were taken in 60 newly diagnosed and histologically confirmed breast cancer patients and 50 healthy controls. Preoperative serum levels of adiponectin, leptin, insulin, estrogen, and testosterone were measured using ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay). The data were analyzed and compared.

Results:
The mean serum total cholesterol (T.CHOL) and leptin levels were significantly higher (P = 0.047), whereas testosterone levels were significantly lower in patients than in controls. Waist circumference (WC) and leptin levels showed a significant positive association with breast cancer risk. Association of serum leptin levels with breast cancer risk persisted after adjusting for age, body mass index (BMI), and WC parameters (odds ratio [OR] = 1.042, P = 0.03). Leptin levels positively correlated with WC and triglycerides (TG), whereas insulin and insulin resistance positively correlated with BMI, WC, TG, and T.CHOL (P < 0.05). Among the tumor characteristics, serum adiponectin showed a positive correlation with lymph node involvement, whereas serum estradiol levels were positively correlated with ER (estrogen receptor) and PR (progesterone receptor) status.

Conclusion:
Together, our study supports the association of obesity (WC) with breast cancer risk and also suggests the potential role of leptin as a biomarker for breast cancer risk, independent of obesity.
Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation Provides Early Recovery from Arthrogenic Muscle Inhibition Post-Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Khan Firoz Azam , Kushwaha Sushmita , Vakharia Khyati , Kumar Jaswant , BhaVani Prashant , Sinha Skand 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background:
Quadriceps weakness that ensues anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction, a common procedure done in sportspersons, is a hindrance in the active rehabilitation and delays return to sport. This weakness of quadriceps muscle is a complex neural phenomenon ascribed to arthrogenic muscle inhibition (AMI).

Purpose:
The purpose of the study was to assess the effectiveness of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) in AMI post-ACL reconstruction (ACLR).

Methods:
A prospective randomized study involving 60 patients with isolated ACL injury above 18 years of age were included. Patients with osteoarthritis knee, multiligament injury, previous knee surgery, and inflammatory knee pathology were excluded from the study. Patients were divided into Groups A and B (n = 30, each). Group A received TENS therapy with exercises and ice packs, whereas Group B received only exercise and ice packs post-ACLR. All patients were assessed subjectively using Visual Analog Scale score for pain, Lysholm, and IKDC score for functional outcome pre and postoperatively on day 2, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year. Objective assessment was done by measuring thigh girth (10 cm above knee joint line) and isometric quadriceps strength (using David Biofeedback Strength Evaluation Machine) pre and postoperatively at day 2, 1 week, 2 weeks, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year.

Results:
Pain decreased in both groups at 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months, but there was significantly lower pain in Group A in comparison to Group B at 1 month (P = 0.003), 3 months (P = 0.001), and 6 months (P ≤ 0.0001). There was no pain at 1 year in both the groups. Lysholm score improved in both groups, but there was statistically significantly better Lysholm score in Group A in comparison to Group B at each follow-up. IKDC score improved in both groups, but the improvement in Group A was significantly higher than Group B at each follow-up. No significant difference in mean thigh girth was observed. Mean quadriceps strength was similar in both groups except at 6 months where Group A was better than Group B (<0.001).

Conclusion:
Addition of TENS in ACLR rehabilitation decreases pain and provides better clinical outcome.
Dual Organism Periprosthetic Joint Infection Following Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Case Report and One Year Follow-Up
Authors: Sharma Akshay , Thakur Kamparsh , Sharma Anita , Prasad Manish 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Periprosthetic joint infections (PJI) of the knee are mostly due to a single organism, very rarely, it is due to dual organisms, and even rarer are dual Gram-negative bacilli and fungal infections. Most fungal infections are caused by Candida albicans; however, very few case reports are available for nonalbicans Candida in immunocompetent patients. We report an unusual case of nonalbicans Candida infection with Gram-negative bacilli in the knee joint with no predisposing risk factors. A 59-year-old man reported following mild pain, swelling, and restricted knee movements in a case of a primary total knee arthroplasty. The patient had minimal symptoms but had gross lysis around implants on imaging. His inflammatory markers were significantly high and knee aspiration was turbid, with raised polymorphs without any conclusive staining result. The culture reports revealed a fungal and Gram-negative organism infection. The patient was managed by debridement, prosthesis removal and antibiotic-loaded cement spacer insertion, and culture-specific antibiotics, followed by revision TKA and oral fluconazole therapy. The patient had a good clinical performance at 3 months and 1-year follow-up visits, with a painless range of motion of 10°–90° and there was no evidence of recurrence of infection. Dual Gram-negative and fungal prosthetic joint infection is a rare but serious complication. In the presence of mild clinical symptoms, but extensive lysis around the implant, fungal pathology should be considered irrespective of the immune status of the patient.
“Push and Park” Microdrilling Technique for Chondral Lesions of the Patella: A Technical Note
Authors: Sahanand Santosh , Chellamuthu Girinivasan , Rajan David V. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background:
The most used treatment modality for chondral lesions of the patella, particularly when the lesion is <2 cm2, is microdrilling. However, reduced working space and mobility of the patella make this procedure technically difficult. To bypass this technical difficulty, we describe a simple technique of “Push and park” for microdrilling of the chondral lesions of the patella.

Materials and Methods:
Patients operated on by this technique in 2021 were followed for 1 year. Patients operated for magnetic resonance imaging-proven International Cartilage Repair Society grade III and IV patellofemoral chondral lesions (PFCLs) that are localized and <2 cm2 with or without other concomitant knee pathologies were included. The functional outcomes were evaluated using the Tegner Lysholm score and Kujala score.

Results:
Twenty-one patients were included in the study. Of these, 7 cases had isolated PFCL, 8 cases had associated medial meniscal posterior horn root tears, and the remaining 6 cases had anterior cruciate ligament injuries. The mean follow-up period was 14 (±2) months. The average age was 41 (±7) years. We had 12 female and 9 male patients. The Tegner Lysholm and Kujala scores improved significantly in all the patients at 1-year postsurgery (P = 0.035 and P = 0.026, respectively).

Conclusion:
We have described a simple and reproducible technique for microdrilling of difficult-to-access patellar lesions. When used appropriately, the technique can be a cost-effective method of managing the chondral lesions of the patella.
Antifungal activity of Morinda citrifolia methanolic extract against Candida albicans:: An in vitro study
Authors: Medrano-Colmenares Sara M , Ladera-Castañeda Marysela , Cornejo-Pinto Alberto , Cervantes-Ganoza Luis A , López-Gurreonero Carlos , Garcia-Luna Goretty , Cayo-Rojas César F 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAim:Natural medicine used as an alternative and/or complementary treatment to counteract diseases is of great importance in public health. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to assess thein vitroantifungal activity ofMorinda citrifoliamethanolic extract of peel, pulp, and seed againstCandida albicans.Materials and Methods:The present study was experimentalin vitroand cross-sectional. Eight replicates were prepared inSabouraud dextroseagar with five wells each, where 0.12% chlorhexidine, distilled water, and methanolic extract of seed, peel, and pulp ofMorinda citrifoliafruit were placed at concentrations of 10,690, 8,270, and 6,430 mg/mL, respectively, to evaluate sensitivity according to Duraffourd’s scale. In addition, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) were determined by dilution and agar seeding method. Statistical analysis was performed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey’spost hoctest, considering a significance level ofP< 0.05.Results:The inhibition halos ofMorinda citrifoliamethanolic extract of seed, peel, and pulp againstCandida albicansmeasured on average 15.94, 11.94, and 11.56 mm, respectively. The MIC of seed, peel, and pulp extract were 1366.25, 2067.5, and 1607.5 mg/mL respectively, whereas the MFC for seed, peel, and pulp extract were 2672.50, 2067.5, and 3215 mg/mL, respectively. Moreover, seed extract presented significantly higher antifungal activity than peel and pulp (P< 0.001).Conclusions:Morinda citrifoliamethanolic extract of peel, pulp, and seed showed fungistatic and fungicidal effect againstCandida albicans, being this very sensitive to seed extract with a MIC of 1366.25 mg/mL and a MFC of 2672.5 mg/mL, which allows recommending the development of effective pharmacological formulations for the control of candidiasis.
Periodontitis and neuropathic diseases: A literature review
Authors: Cabanillas Jesus , Risco Ruth , Munive-Degregori Arnaldo , Guerrero Maria Eugenia , Mauricio Franco , Mayta-Tovalino Frank 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective:
This narrative review aimed at identifying the existing scientific literature investigating periodontitis and neuropathic diseases.

Materials and Methods:
A search of the literature published between 2000 and 2022 was carried out in the electronic databases of Scopus and PubMed. Studies in which the eligible articles were mainly published in English were included. Descriptive correlational studies, case–control studies, comparative studies, and cohort studies were also included. The following main keywords were used: “Neuropathic diseases,” “Periodontitis,” “Alzheimer’s disease,” and “Porphyromonas gingivalis.”

Results:
This narrative review found that cognitively impaired persons with severe periodontitis had a higher prevalence and incidence of periodontal diseases than the rest of the population. A significant positive correlation of salivary interleukin (IL)-1beta and immediate recall scores involved in cognition was also evident. It indicates that the most investigated parameter was whether there is any common link between periodontal disease and neurodegeneration. No randomized controlled clinical studies were found in the current literature review.

Conclusion:
Based on the literature reviewed, there is currently no strong scientific evidence to support or discourage the cause–effect relationship of periodontal diseases and neurodegenerative diseases.