bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The brain gain of corporate boards and green commitment: evidence from China
Authors: Hussain Muhammad Jameel , Nie Dongfang , Ashraf Adnan 
Published: January 2024

PurposeForeign directors from developed nations are significant brain gains for Chinese firms because they improve board competency and board diversity. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to explore the relationship between foreign directors from developed countries on Chinese listed firms and firms’ green commitment.Design/methodology/approachFor the empirical analysis, first, this study applies ordinary least square regression and firm fixed model to explore the relationship between foreign directors and green commitment. For the endogeneity concerns, this study first added more control variable in the main model, then applied instrumental variable approach and propensity score matching technique.FindingsThis study predicts and finds that percentage of foreign directors from developed countries on Chinese listed firms’ board positively enhances the firms’ green commitment. Furthermore, this study also finds that the positive relationship between foreign directors and firms’ green commitment is more significant when firms are in a low competitive industry, have no financial constraints and are overseas-listed. This study’s findings are robust after controlling for endogeneity concerns.Originality/valueThis is new research on the impact of foreign directors on corporate green commitment.
Linking job crafting to work engagement: the mediating role of organizational happiness
Authors: Yasin Ghadi Mohammed 
Published: January 2024

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between job crafting and work engagement and the potential mediating effect of organizational happiness on this relationship.

Design/methodology/approach
A sample of 256 full-time employees from various industries such as automobiles, retail, real estate, petrochemicals, investment, industrial and education, working at top 50 Forbes Middle East companies in UAE, were surveyed to gather data on job crafting, organizational happiness and work engagement. The study used an empirical research design, with data collected through surveys.

Findings
The results of this study, obtained through a two-step structural equation modelling approach, indicate that job crafting has a positive and direct influence on both organizational happiness and work engagement. The findings also suggest that the relationship between job crafting and work engagement is partially mediated by organizational happiness.

Practical implications
The findings emphasize the need for human resources (HR) professionals to develop programmes and training workshops focused on cultivating these concepts, particularly as remote and blended working arrangements become more prevalent. In addition, the study highlights the global impact of employee disengagement on financial losses and stresses the importance of revising HR policies in the UAE to mitigate potential risks. Lastly, the study suggests that enhancing happiness and reducing disengagement can be achieved through training managers and employees in task structuring techniques, emphasizing the teachability of job crafting skills through interventions that align tasks with employees’ interests.

Originality/value
To the best of the author's knowledge, this is the first study to theoretically explore and empirically test a proposed model on the relationships between job crafting, organizational happiness and work engagement in the context of the UAE.
Impact of terrorism on financial inclusion: evidence from the most terrorized countries in the world
Authors: Ozili Peterson K. 
Published: January 2024

Purpose
This study aims to investigate the impact of terrorism on financial inclusion that is achieved through automated teller machine penetration and bank branch expansion.

Design/methodology/approach
Eight countries that are the most terrorized countries in the world were analysed using the panel fixed effect regression model and the generalized linear model.

Findings
The results provide evidence that terrorism reduces the level of financial inclusion in countries experiencing terrorism, but the presence of strong legal institutions, accountability governance institutions and political stability governance institutions mitigate the adverse effect of terrorism on financial inclusion.

Originality/value
A growing literature has shown that terrorism affects the economy, yet little is known about its impact on financial inclusion.
Experimental study on the behavior of pre-loaded reinforced concrete (RC) deep beams with openings strengthened with FRP sheets
Authors: Osman Bashir H. 
Published: January 2024

Purpose
Recently, the repairing of reinforced concrete (RC) structures attracted great research attentions, but the research interests were mainly concentrated on common repairing types. To this end, in this paper, a repairing of pre-loaded RC beams strengthened by aramid reinforcement polymers (AFRP) is presented. Furthermore, the purpose of this paper is to study the behavior of pre-loaded RC Deep beams under sustained load. The AFRP has many advantages such as controlling stresses distribution around the openings, controlling failure modes, and enhancing the structural capacity of pre-cracked RC beams.

Design/methodology/approach
Four specimens were experimentally tested: one specimen without strengthening, which is considered as control specimen, one strengthened specimen using AFRP without pre-cracking and two specimens subjected to pre-cracking load before prior to AFRP application. Furthermore, after validation of experimental data by using ANSYS software, a parametric study was conducted to investigate the effect of pre-damage level on shear capacity of RC beams. For pre-cracked beams, loading was first applied until the cracking stage, followed by specimen repairing with epoxy injection, and then the specimens were loaded again until failure point.

Findings
The result showed that pre-damage level and AFRP strengthening have great influence on the ultimate strength and failure mode. In addition, the results obtained from experimental tests were compared with those from numerical validation with ANSYS and showed good agreement.

Originality/value
Based on ACI guidelines, an analytical equation for calculating the shear strength of strengthened RC beams with openings subjected to pre-damage was then proposed, and the calculated results were compared with those from the tests, with differences not exceeding 10%.
Occupational therapy in maternal health: Exploring the Barkin Index of Maternal Functioning as a potential tool
Authors: Baker Hanna , Cuomo Belinda , Femia Ciarn , Lin Daniel , Stobbie Claire , McLean Belinda , Hatfield Megan 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIntroductionTransitioning into the role of a mother encompasses many physical and psychosocial changes, affecting the way a woman may function. Maternal health is an emerging area of practice for occupational therapists, and therefore, screening and assessment tools to support work in this area are needed. The Barkin Index of Maternal Functioning (BIMF) is a quantitative outcome measure that is used by health professionals to assess maternal functioning. Currently, its ability to measure occupational performance is unclear.MethodsUtilising a mixed methods design, this study analysed the extent to which the BIMF assesses maternal function from an occupational perspective. Thirteen first‐time mothers with a baby 12 months of age or younger participated in the study. Results from the BIMF were compared with themes developed from semi‐structured qualitative interviews that explored the occupational experiences of first‐time mothers.FindingsSeven themes were developed from the interviews. The BIMF addressed three themes, including changes to engagement in basic activities of daily living and leisure, transitioning into motherhood, emotions, self‐efficacy, and social support. However, four themes were not captured by the BIMF, including changes to partner relationships, identity shift, influence of ‘person’ factors, and changes to social experiences in early motherhood.ConclusionFindings suggest that a new tool with a holistic perspective of mothers as occupational beings is needed to be able to identify occupational performance issues and the potential need for occupational therapy support. This study identified key experiences of occupational performance for new mothers.
Declining salinity and increasing temperature reduce the diversity and resilience of benthic diatoms
Authors: Virta Leena , Hedberg Per 
Published: January 2024

AbstractClimate change will modify the marine ecosystem in several ways, but the effects of changing climate on benthic diatoms, which are one of the most important photosynthesizing organism groups in benthic habitats, are poorly studied. We conducted a mesocosm experiment to investigate the effects of increasing temperature and decreasing salinity on the taxonomic and functional diversity of benthic diatoms. We showed that decreasing salinity affects the taxonomic and functional composition of communities, and the threshold salinity for community composition is ~5. This indicates that when climate change leads to decreasing salinity in brackish systems, the most pronounced changes in communities occur in areas where salinity decreases from >5 to <5. We also showed that both increasing temperature and decreasing salinity exert stress on communities and, hence, lead to the decrease of the alpha and beta diversity of communities. This indicates that climate change reduces the size of the species pool of diatoms. Our results show that, along with the changing climate, we can expect benthic diatom communities to become less diverse and less resilient.
Hybrid governance and welfare standards for broiler chickens raised for human consumption
Authors: Chen Peter John , O'Sullivan Siobhan , Pyke Susan 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis article examines the welfare standards that govern the lives of chickens raised for meat in Australia and the United Kingdom. While ‘meat chickens’ are subject to a wide range of welfare interventions, we focus on the development and implications of the ‘private’ standards which are the most significant determinants of meat chicken welfare in these jurisdictions: the RSPCA Approved Farming Scheme in Australia and the Red Tractor Chicken Assurance Scheme in the United Kingdom. While the jurisdictions appear to have a similar regime that favours private regulation, differences in the origins and governance of these systems can be identified, offering insights into the use of hybrid regulation in areas associated with the welfare of non‐human animals. The similarities and differences in these countries point to the importance of individual relationships, as well as supply chain power in the adoption of private standards as a response to comparatively unstructured community concerns about welfare (Australia) and welfare and food safety (United Kingdom). While hybridity as a form of new public governance can be seen to facilitate innovative and varied responses to state devolution, the article concludes the overarching anthropocentrism of policymakers and the policy sciences explains a closed, incremental, and conservative form of practice in this area. Observations of the wider ‘animal turn’ in the social sciences are recommended to consider future systems of hybrid regulation that are not centred on anthropocentrism and more fully expand hybridity's participatory promise.Points for practitioners
Hybrid governance can focus on the use of hybrid organisational design and/or hybrid regulatory practice; each has very different characteristics and their respective use is often a function of local conditions and situations.
Hybrid standards‐making systems need to be open to public participation in development and implementation (oversight), or risk capture and moral hazard.
Public policy is largely predicated on strong anthropocentrism, which can be addressed through the use of critical rather than simple pluralism to expand the number of interests captured in regulatory practices.
Antenatal corticosteroids and newborn respiratory outcomes in twins: A regression discontinuity study
Authors: Socha Peter M. , Harper Sam , Strumpf Erin , Murphy Kellie E. , Hutcheon Jennifer A. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo estimate the effect of antenatal corticosteroids on newborn respiratory morbidity in twins.DesignRegression discontinuity applied to population‐based birth registry data.SettingBritish Columbia, Canada, 2008–2018.PopulationTwin pregnancies admitted for birth between 31+0 and 36+6 weeks of gestation.MethodsDuring our study period, Canadian clinical practice guidelines recommended antenatal corticosteroid administration for imminent preterm birth up to 33+6 weeks. We used a logistic model to compare the predicted risks of our outcomes among pregnancies admitted for birth immediately before this clinical cut‐point (higher probability of exposure to antenatal corticosteroids) versus immediately after it (lower probability).Main outcome measuresOur primary outcome was a composite of newborn respiratory distress or in‐hospital death. Our secondary outcome was a composite of newborn respiratory intervention or in‐hospital death.ResultsAmong 2524 pregnancies (5035 liveborn twins), 47% of admissions before 34+0 weeks of gestation were exposed to antenatal corticosteroids but only 4.2% of admissions after this cut‐point were exposed. The risk of newborn respiratory distress or in‐hospital mortality increased abruptly at 34+0 weeks, corresponding to a protective effect of treatment (risk ratio [RR] 0.69, 95% CI 0.53–0.90; risk difference [RD] −12 cases per 100 births, 95% CI −20 to −4.1). There was no clear evidence for or against an effect on newborn respiratory intervention or in‐hospital death (RR 0.89, 95% CI 0.70–1.13; RD −4.2 per 100, 95% CI −13 to +4.2).ConclusionsOur findings provide evidence for the effectiveness of antenatal corticosteroids in preventing adverse newborn respiratory outcomes in twins.
Nanoscale Pickering emulsion food preservative films/coatings: Compositions, preparations, influencing factors, and applications
Authors: Zhang Quanyu , Kong Baohua , Liu Haotian , Du Xin , Sun Fangda , Xia Xiufang 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPickering emulsion (PE) technology effectively addresses the issues of poor compatibility and low retention of hydrophobic active ingredients in food packaging. Nonetheless, it is important to recognize that each stage of the preparation process for PE films/coatings (PEFCs) can significantly influence their functional properties. With the fundamental considerations of environmental friendliness and human safety, this review extensively explores the potential of raw materials for PEFC and introduces the preparation methods of nanoparticles, emulsification technology, and film‐forming techniques. The critical factors that impact the performance of PEFC during the preparation process are analyzed to enhance food preservation effectiveness. Moreover, the latest advancements in PE packaging across diverse food applications are summarized, along with prospects for innovative food packaging materials. Finally, the preservation mechanism and application safety have been systematically elucidated. The study revealed that the PEFCs provide structural flexibility, where designable nanoparticles offer unique functional properties for intelligent control over active ingredient release. The selection of the dispersed and continuous phases, along with component proportions, can be customized for specific food characteristics and storage conditions. By employing suitable preparation and emulsification techniques, the stability of the emulsion can be improved, thereby enhancing the effectiveness of the films/coatings in preserving food. Including additional substances broadens the functionality of degradable materials. The PE packaging technology provides a safe and innovative solution for extending the shelf life and enhancing the quality of food products by protecting and releasing active components.
Review article: Efficacy of prophylactic ondansetron versus placebo or control in reducing vomiting in children undergoing ketamine procedural sedation in the emergency department: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Hudson Jack L , Wong Julian , Durkin Michael , Gangathimmaiah Vinay , Furyk Jeremy 
Published: January 2024

AbstractKetamine is commonly used for procedural sedation anaesthesia in paediatric patients undergoing painful procedures in the ED. Ketamine's safety profile is excellent, but ketamine‐associated vomiting (KAV) is common. Routine ondansetron prophylaxis could reduce KAV incidence. This literature review evaluated the efficacy of prophylactic ondansetron in reducing KAV incidence. A systematic literature review was performed on databases and trial registries on 14 January 2023 to identify randomised controlled trials. The primary outcome was reduction in KAV incidence, for any route of prophylactic ondansetron, in ED and up to 24 h post‐discharge. ED length of stay, parental satisfaction and time to resumption of normal diet were secondary outcomes. Data analysis was performed using Revman 5.3. Meta‐analysis was performed using random effects modelling. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk‐of‐Bias 2 tool. Evidence quality was assessed using Grading of Recommendation, Assessment Development and Evaluation methodology. Five trials with 920 participants met the eligibility criteria. Prophylactic ondansetron resulted in a reduction in KAV incidence overall odds ratio of 0.51 (95% confidence interval: 0.36–0.73). Intravenous and intramuscular prophylactic ondansetron showed benefit whereas the effect of oral administration was unclear. There was no difference between groups for secondary outcomes overall. The quality of evidence was deemed to be low overall because of high risk of bias and imprecision in outcome measures. This review found low to moderate certainty evidence that prophylactic ondansetron reduces KAV incidence. Methodologically rigorous research, with appropriately timed prophylactic ondansetron based on the route of administration, would further elucidate prophylactic oral ondansetron's efficacy.
Catch and release: Testing the effect of a citation release policy on crime in Washington, DC
Authors: Riddell Jordan R. , Jacobs Bruce A. , Krajewski Andrew T. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractResearch summaryThis study investigated the effect of an expanded police station citation release policy enacted in Washington, DC in March 2020 on eight types of crime: homicide, sex abuse, robbery, assault with a dangerous weapon, burglary, motor vehicle theft, theft from motor vehicles, and other theft. Monthly‐level multivariate time series analyses employed data from 2013‐2022 and accounted for the relationship between crime, arrests, and the jail population. The expanded policy was hypothesized to increase certain property crimes based on the new guidelines, but results indicated the policy modification was associated with changes in citywide crime counts for one type of crime: homicide.Policy implicationsEfforts around the United States to decarcerate the pre‐trial jail population should examine potential unintended consequences for public safety. The current study failed to detect a statistically significant increase in seven of the eight types of crime during the expanded use of one jail decarceration approach, police station citation release. In the future, jurisdictions looking to reduce their jail population might consider citation release as a speedy and cost‐effective alternative to release‐on‐recognizance, but they should take care to monitor individual defendants and evaluate their own program.
The effect of emulsifier type and oil inclusion on stress‐related gene expression of Salmonella typhimurium in oil‐in‐water emulsion
Authors: Tsai Shawn , Tikekar Rohan V. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractSalmonella has been associated with numerous outbreaks from contaminated food products, including emulsions. Emulsions are influenced by emulsifier type and oil presence, which can have varying degrees of stress or protection on bacteria. Although our previous research has shown that emulsifier solutions, rather than emulsions, provide a protective effect on Salmonella typhimurium after thermal treatment, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. This study selected S. typhimurium as the model microorganism and utilized the same emulsifiers (Tween 20, Tween 80, Triton X‐100) to create emulsifier solutions and emulsions with the same oil fraction (60% (v/v)) to examine their effect on the expression of nine selected genes (rpoE, rpoH, otsB, proV, fadA, fabA, dnaK, ibpA, ompC) associated with stress response. Specifically, the study observed variations in gene expression under normal and thermal stress at 55°C. After 20‐h incubation, Triton X‐100 emulsion caused an upregulation of stress‐related genes, rpoE, otsB, and fabA, suggesting stressful environment. After thermal treatment, S. typhimurium in Triton X‐100 solution showed a longer 5‐log reduction time with increased proV and decreased fabA and ompC expression, suggesting enhanced thermal protection compared to its emulsion. Conversely, Tween 80 solution increased fabA and ompC expression, indicating greater membrane fluidity and passive diffusion, potentially reducing thermal resistance. However, according to the upregulation of ibpA, this effect was likely mitigated by the overproduction of heat shock proteins. Notably, Triton X‐100 environments exhibited the most significant gene expression changes after heat treatment, whereas Tween 80 without oil was the most inhospitable for bacterial survival. These findings inform bacterial responses under various conditions, aiding food safety strategies.
Coconut oil as an alternative to butter and shortening in bread making
Authors: Nemoto Kaho , Kobayashi Fumiyuki , Odake Sachiko 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe characteristics of bread prepared with coconut oil were investigated to determine whether it can be used as an alternative to butter and shortening. Loaf height of the bread increased by adding butter and shortening water content of bread containing oils and fats was lower than that without oils and fats, and baking loss increased with decreasing water content. The addition of oils and fats influenced the baking color of bread and hindered the hardening of bread samples over time. Moreover, the addition and type of oils and fats influenced the crust density of bread samples and dough expansion. Furthermore, numerous fine bubbles were present in bread samples without oils and fats, whereas the size and number of bubbles increased and decreased in bread samples containing oils and fats, respectively. The band concentrations of insoluble proteins at approximately 39, 41, and 48 kDa in freeze‐dried bread samples without oils and fats were significantly lower than those containing oils and fats. Thirty volatile compounds were detected in all bread samples tested, and the number was high in the following order: bread samples with butter, shortening, and coconut oil, and without oils and fats. However, sensory evaluation showed no significant differences among all bread samples tested. Therefore, it was suggested that bread containing coconut oil had the same characteristics as that containing butter and shortening.Practical ApplicationButter and shortening are usually used in bread making, although bread prepared with coconut oil can possess the same characteristics as that containing them. Therefore, this study evaluated the characteristics of bread prepared with coconut oil and revealed that use of coconut oil enabled a vegan bread with reduced environmental impact because coconut oil is a vegetable‐derived oil that does not require the cutting of tropical rainforests.