bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Postnatal depression in Japanese mothers and the reconsideration of ‘Satogaeri bunben’
Authors: Yoshida Keiko , Yamashita Hiroshi , Ueda Motoko , Tashiro Nobutada 
Published: March 2003

Abstract

Background
: Postnatal depression occurs in 10–15% of Western women. In Japan, there is a traditional support system for perinatal women and there have been few prospective studies on postnatal depression in terms of cross‐cultural studies.
Methods
: First, a cross‐cultural study on postnatal depression was performed. Ninety‐eight Japanese women living in England and 88 Japanese women living in Japan were recruited and followed up to 3 months postnatally. The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and Schedule for Affective Disorder and Schizophrenia were used as a self‐report questionnaire and psychiatric diagnostic interview. Diagnoses of depression were made by Research Diagnostic Criteria. Second, a study on ‘Satogaeri bunben’ (a traditional ritual (support system) for perinatal women in Japan; ‘Satogaeri’ means returning to the original family town or house and ‘bunben’ means delivery) was undertaken. Seventy‐five mothers were asked to answer the questionnaire 6 months postnatally. The questionnaire was devised by the authors about the choice of Satogaeri bunben and the reasons for the decision.
Results
: The incidence of postnatal depression was 12 and 17% in the English and Japanese groups of mothers, respectively. However, subjects from both groups supressed expression of their depressed mood in answering the EPDS. Satogaeri bunben itself did not lower the incidence of postnatal depression. In the study on Satogaeri bunben, 23 of 75 women did not choose Satogaeri bunben; moreover, seven of these women did not have good support from their own mothers.
Discussion
: Having found that postnatal depression is not uncommon in Japanese women, a screening system should be developed, in particular because Japanese women would not naturally express their emotions, and Satogaeri bunben needs to be reconsidered qualitatively.
Evolution of the perinatal care system
Authors: Suzuki Hiroko 
Published: March 2003

Abstract

Background
: The perinatal support system for mothers and babies, which has evolved over the past 6 years at the Morioka Red Cross Hospital, is described.
Methods
: Between July 1995 and August 1999, 1864 puerperal mothers at the Morioka Red Cross Hospital responded to the Maternity Blues Scale (MB) and the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) at 1 month, each with an open comment form.
Results and Discussion
: There was a significant difference in each MB item between individuals who scored above 9 points and those who scored lower in the EPDS. Those who later scored high in the EPDS had responses to a preceding MB where we had checked items of ‘confusion’, ‘experience of crying’, ‘anxiety’, ‘exhaustion’, ‘feeling depressed’, ‘nervousness’, ‘agitation’ and ‘forgetfulness’. Administration of the MB and provision of a free comment form significantly decreased EPDS scores. Ensuring that the views of mothers are acknowledged within the context of an adequate care system is central to effective perinatal care.
Nitric oxide inhalation and nitric oxide synthase inhibitor supplement for endotoxin‐induced hypotension
Authors: Suzuki Satoshi , Togari Hajime , Yamaguchi Nobuyuki , Haas Kelly Mullins 
Published: March 2003

Abstract

Background
: This study was performed to determine whether a combined therapy of nitric oxide (NO) inhalation and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor is effective in experimental animals with endotoxin‐induced refractive hypotension accompanied by pulmonary hypertension.
Methods
: Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (1 mg/kg) was administered to 10 newborn piglets to induce endotoxemia. The experiment then began 60 min later, when the systemic arterial pressure dropped. The inhalation of 20 p.p.m. NO at 60 and 120 min of endotoxemia created a control group. Another group was also administered N w‐nitro‐L‐arginine (L‐NNA; 5 mg) after the first NO inhalation at 60 min of endotoxemia (the L‐NNA group). Pulmonary arterial pressure, systemic arterial pressure and cardiac output were measured and compared among the groups.
Results
: Three of the 5 piglets in the control group died of hypotensive shock, while in the L‐NNA group the systemic arterial pressure recovered to pre‐endotoxin administration levels. The L‐NNA group produced a further increase in pulmonary arterial pressure against which NO inhalation was effective.
Conclusion
: Nitric oxide inhalation alone carries a potential risk of further lowering systemic arterial pressure in a piglet with hypotension induced by endotoxin, whereas the combined therapy resulted in the recovery of the blood pressure to pre‐endotoxin levels. The combined therapy was simultaneously effective against pulmonary hypertension.
Spontaneous labor increases nitric oxide synthesis during the early neonatal period
Authors: Endo Akihiko , Izumi Hiroyuki , Ayusawa Mamoru , Minato Michiyoshi , Takahashi Shigeru , Harada Kensuke 
Published: March 2003

Abstract

Background
: This paper aimed to assess the influence of spontaneous labor upon endogenous nitric oxide (NO) and endothelin 1 (ET‐1) during transition to extrauterine life.
Methods
: The serum levels of NO metabolites (the sum of nitrites and nitrates (NOx)) and the plasma level of ET‐1 were determined in 53 healthy full‐term infants (spontaneous labor group; n=40, cesarean delivery group; n=13). In both groups, blood samples were obtained from a cord vein at birth and from a peripheral vein at 5 days of age.
Results
: The differences in serum NOx concentrations between the spontaneous labor group and the elective cesarean group were not significant at birth. By the age of 5 days, serum NOx concentrations had risen significantly in the spontaneous labor group to become significantly higher in the elective cesarean group.
Conclusion
: It is speculated that spontaneous labor might enhance endogenous NO synthesis at 5 days of age.
Lipid parameters in childhood cirrhosis and chronic liver disease
Authors: SelimoĞlu Mukadder AyŞe , AydoĞdu Sema , YaĞci Rasit Vural 
Published: March 2003

Abstract
Background
: Alterations in lipid metabolism are well defined in liver disease. As there has not been an ample amount of work published regarding this topic in children, especially about apolipoprotein A‐I (apo A‐I) and apolipoprotein B (apo B), theoretical knowledge depends on adult studies. In this study, we investigated serum lipid parameters of children with chronic liver disease and cirrhosis.
Methods
: Serum triglyceride, cholesterol, low‐density lipoprotein (LDL), high‐density lipoprotein (HDL), plasma apo A‐I and apo B levels of 82 children with chronic liver disease, 41 of whom had cirrhosis as well, were investigated. Twenty healthy children were selected as controls.
Results
: While mean serum triglyceride and cholesterol levels were not different in chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis and healthy children, mean apo B level of cirrhotic group was higher than that of the control group (P < 0.05). Mean LDL and HDL values of children with chronic hepatitis were lower and mean apo B value was higher than those of the control group (P < 0.05, P < 0.05 and P < 0.001, respectively). Apolipoprotein A‐I level was lower in cholestatic cirrhotic children than non‐cholestatic children (P < 0.05). No statistical difference was detected in lipid parameters of children with or without malnutrition (P > 0.05). The mean HDL value of Child−Pugh B group was significantly lower when compared to Child−Pugh A group (P < 0.05). The mean apo A‐I value of Child−Pugh A group was higher than those of Child−Pugh B and C groups (P < 0.05 and P < 0.001).
Conclusion
: Consequently, we found that among lipid parameters apo A‐I was the most affected parameter in liver injury. Whether apo A‐I level can be used as a prognostic criterion in childhood cirrhosis may require further study.
Relationship of three types of parent–child interaction in depressed and non‐depressed mothers and their children’s mental development at 13 months
Authors: Foss Lynne A. , Hirose Taiko , Barnard Kathryn E. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe purpose of the study was to examine mother–child interactions at 1 year of life within three contexts: feeding, attachment behaviors, and maternal vocal joint attention (play), between groups of depressed or non‐depressed mothers, and to examine the relationship between these three contexts and the child’s mental developmental index (MDI). Half of the 36 mother–infant dyads had depressed mothers. There were no significant differences in the feeding interactions, attachment, or joint attention found between the depressed and non‐depressed groups. Securely attached children had a higher MDI score than insecurely attached children, however, the correlation between feeding interaction score and MDI was not significant. Maternal vocal joint attention was significantly correlated with the MDI for non‐depressed mothers but not for depressed mothers. These results are not consistent with the prior literature, and the discussion focused on possible explanation for these findings.
An integrated approach to symptom management
Authors: Larson Patricia J. , Uchinuno Atsuko , Izumi Shigeko , Kawano Ayako , Takemoto Akiko , Shigeno Miyuki , Yamamoto Masumi , Shibata Shuko 
Published: March 2003

AbstractSymptom management is a challenging experience for patients, families and health‐care professionals. When a person has a symptom that is troublesome and not being properly managed they may become so focused on that symptom that they cannot enjoy a good quality of life. Nurses know symptoms that are problematic for patients are usually problematic for nurses as well; however, not every nurse knows how to effectively manage patients’ symptoms. In response to these challenges, we propose an Integrated Approach to Symptom Management (IASM) that can be used for a variety of patient populations in an effective, efficient and consistent manner. The focus of the IASM is on the patient and is designed to be used by nurses to promote patient self‐care symptom management abilities.
Improving pain management by nurses: A pilot Peer Intervention Program
Authors: Edwards Helen E. , Nash Robyn E. , Yates Patsy M. , Walsh Anne M. , Fentiman Belinda J. , McDowell Jan K. , Skerman Helen M. , Najman Jake M. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractSignificant pain continues to be reported by many hospitalized patients despite the numerous and varied educational programs developed and implemented to improve pain management. A theoretically based Peer Intervention Program was designed from a predictive model to address nurses' beliefs, attitudes, subjective norms, self‐efficacy, perceived control and intentions in the management of pain with p.r.n. (as required) narcotic analgesia.The pilot study of this program utilized a quasi‐experimental pre‐post test design with a patient intervention, nurse and patient intervention and control conditions consisting of 24, 18 and 19 nurses, respectively. One week after the intervention, significant differences were found between the nurse and patient condition and the two other conditions in beliefs, self‐efficacy, perceived control, positive trend in attitudes, subjective norms and intentions. The most positive aspects of the program were supportive interactive discussions with peers and an awareness and understanding of beliefs and attitudes and their roles in behavior.
Professional identity of Japanese nurses: Bonding into nursing
Authors: Gregg Misuzu F. , Magilvy Joan K. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to explore the process of establishing the professional identity of Japanese nurses. Following a grounded theory design, data were generated by interviews, multisite participant observations and theoretical memos. Eighteen Japanese nurses who were selected by theoretical sampling were formally interviewed. Data were analyzed using methods of constant comparative analysis.Six categories emerged from the data: (i) learning from working experiences; (ii) recognizing the value of nursing; (iii) establishing one's own philosophy of nursing; (iv) gaining influence from education; (v) having a commitment to nursing and (vi) integrating a nurse into self. The core category, ‘bonding into nursing’, incorporated the relationship between and among all categories and explained the process of establishing the professional identity of Japanese nurses. ‘Bonding into nursing’ was described as an initial substantive theory, which is defined as the process by which each nurse established her/his professional identity as a nurse.
Mesoblastic nephroma in adulthood: A case report
Authors: Shiraishi Koji , Yamamoto Mitsutaka , Gondo Toshikazu , Shirataki Satoshi , Naito Katsusuke 
Published: March 2003

Abstract
Background
: Mesoblastic nephroma is an uncommon renal tumor of infancy and rarely occurs in adults. We report an adult case of mesoblastic nephroma.
Methods
: A 50‐year‐old woman was found incidentally to have a right renal mass by abdominal ultrasonography. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging revealed a heterogeneous tumor and angiography showed a mixture of hypervascularity and hypovascularity. Right radical nephrectomy was performed.
Results
: The tumor was an encapsulated yellowish solid mass. Microscopically, the tumor was composed of spindle cell proliferation. Atypia and mitoses were not identified. Among the tumor cells, there were tubular arranged epithelial elements.
Conclusion
: The patient was free of recurrence 14 months postoperatively. Mesoblastic nephroma is classified as a benign tumor but recurrence and malignant formation of this tumor have been reported so regular postoperative follow up is required.
Significance of hematoma size for evaluating the grade of blunt renal trauma
Authors: Ichigi Yasuhisa , Takaki Norito , Nakamura Koji , Sato Shinji , Kato Akira , Matsuo Yoshitomo , Kudo Sho , Masaki Zenjiro 
Published: March 2003

Abstract
Background
: The hematoma size relative to the body size was measured on computed tomography films using a personal computer system in order to define whether that parameter is useful for decision‐making in the management of blunt renal trauma.
Methods
: From 1982 to 1997, 33 patients with intermediate or severe grade blunt renal trauma were retrospectively divided into three groups: group 1, managed conservatively without transcatheter embolization; group 2, managed by bedrest after selective transcatheter embolization; and group 3, managed operatively. In these three groups, the hematoma area (H) and the ratio of hematoma area to body area on CT (H/B) were measured and the chronological changes of the H/B in groups 1 and 2 were studied.
Results
: The H and H/B of group 3 were significantly larger than those of group 1. The H/B was more clearly distinguished for each group compared with the H alone. Well‐preserved kidney integrity, despite the presence of a large hematoma in group 2, allowed the conservative treatment following transcatheter embolization of the bleeding site. The H/B of all group 1 patients gradually decreased and on the 40th or 50th day after injury they reached a level equivalent to the ratio of contra‐lateral normal kidney area to body area.
Conclusion
: The ratio of hematoma area to body area on CT was very useful in evaluating the grade of blunt renal trauma. In conservative treatment for blunt renal trauma changes of the hematoma size is a useful indicator for management.
Diagnostic usefulness of endorectal magnetic resonance imaging with dynamic contrast‐enhancement in patients with localized prostate cancer: Mapping studies with biopsy specimens
Authors: Tanaka Nobumichi , Samma Shoji , Joko Masanori , Akiyama Tatsuya , Takewa Megumi , Kitano Satoru , Okajima Eigoro 
Published: March 2003

Abstract
Background
: New diagnostic criteria for dynamic magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in prostate cancer are presented. The diagnostic usefulness of endorectal MR imaging with dynamic contrast‐enhancement in localized prostate cancer and the validity of these criteria were evaluated.
Methods
: Eighteen untreated patients who were suspected of localized prostate cancer were included in the study. They received endorectal dynamic MR imaging before systematic sextant needle biopsy. First, a mapping study with the findings of MR images and histopathology of biopsy specimens was performed in eight patients out of 18 to compare the difference in T2‐weighted images with the endorectal coil and the body coil in the same individuals. Second, another mapping study was performed in all 18 patients by analyzing the findings of endorectal dynamic MR images. For the diagnosis of prostate cancer in MR imaging, we offered diagnostic criteria from our experience in addition to those in plain T2‐weighted images from the literature.
Results
: The overall diagnostic rates of endorectal dynamic MR imaging were 88.9% in accuracy, 100% in sensitivity, and 81.8% in specificity. In the comparison of the endorectal and body coils in T2‐weighted images in eight patients, there was no difference in the diagnostic rates except for one more histopathologic false positive portion in endorectal MR imaging. In the second mapping study in 18 patients, the diagnostic rates were 92.6% in accuracy, 88.9% in sensitivity and 93.3% in specificity. Endorectal dynamic imaging raised the diagnostic sensitivity from 77.8 to 88.9%.
Conclusion
: The data demonstrated the validity of this diagnostic criteria and the diagnostic usefulness of endorectal dynamic MR imaging in localized prostate cancer.
Neoadjuvant therapy and bladder substitute for invasive bladder cancer: 20 years experience at Tohoku University
Authors: HOSHI SENJI , ORIKASA SEIICHI , YOSHIKAWA KAZUYUKI , SATO KATSUKO , TOYODA SEIICHI , SAITOH SEIICHI , SATOH MAKOTO , OHYAMA CHIKARA , NAMIMA TAKASHIGE , KAWAMURA SADAFUMI , SUZUKI KEN‐ICHI 
Published: March 2003

Background: Neobladder, using the intestine, was performed after neoadjuvant therapy and total cystectomy as a treatment for invasive bladder cancer.Methods: Between January 1977 and April 1997, an ileocecal neobladder was used for 23 patients and a sigmoid neobladder was chosen for use in 32 patients. For the diagnosis of invasive bladder cancer and the evaluation of neoadjuvant therapy, we used whole‐layer core biopsy (WLCB) of the bladder tumor and fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) of pelvic lymph nodes after bipedal lymphography. For neoadjuvant therapy, two to four courses of internal iliac arterial infusion chemotherapy (IIA) were undertaken in 32 patients. Five patients were treated with IIA combined with 40 Gy irradiation to the pelvic space.Results: Pretreatment WLCB revealed a tumor of stage T2b or greater in 10 patients. After neoadjuvant therapy, three patients were down‐staged to pT0. In five patients, pretreatment FNAB revealed pelvic lymph node metastases that were not detected by computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging. Fine needle aspiration biopsy post‐neoadjuvant therapy revealed tumor stage N0 in all patients and lymph node dissection revealed pN0 in four patients. Of the five patients who received 40 Gy irradiation, none had any postoperative complications, such as intestinal fistula or urinary leakage. Four male patients (10%) had urethral recurrence, but all were successfully treated by transurethral resection. Two patients treated prior to 1985 experienced local recurrence. Neither was treated by neoadjuvant therapy. Eight patients who died after 1985 had metastatic cancer, but none had local recurrence. None of the patients who received a sigmoid neobladder required clean intermittent catheterization or had bilateral vesico‐ureteral reflux.Conclusions: Neoadjuvant therapy seems to reduce local recurrence in invasive bladder cancer. The sigmoid colon may be suitable for neobladder.
Proteoglycan core protein in human urine and its possible role on calcium oxalate urolithiasis
Authors: Yoshimura Kazuhiro , Miyake Osamu , Tsujihata Masao , Yoshioka Toshiaki , Yamaguchi Seiji , Koide Takuo , Takahara Shiro , Okuyama Akihiko 
Published: March 2003

Background
: There are only a few papers reporting on the role of proteoglycan core protein in calcium oxalate stone formation. The present study was carried out to investigate the role of core protein of proteoglycan in human urine on calcium oxalate (CaOx) crystallization.
Methods
: Proteoglycans were collected from whole human urine. The covalently bound glycosaminoglycans (GAG) of proteoglycans were then digested by GAG lyase. The inhibitory activity on CaOx crystal growth in vitro was measured before and after enzyme digestion of proteoglycans. Sodium dodecylsulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE) of the core protein of proteoglycans and the analysis of amino acid sequence were performed.
Results
: The core protein showed significant inhibitory activity on CaOx crystal growth, which scarcely changed when compared with that of proteoglycans before enzyme digestion. The SDS‐PAGE revealed that the core protein was a single unit with a molecular weight of 26 kDa and amino acid sequencing demonstrated high homology to interalpha‐trypsin inhibitor (ITI) light chain (bikunin) with Kunitz inhibitor domain as a core protein.
Conclusions
: The results suggested that human urine contains proteoglycans and a major part of them is ITI light chain (bikunin). The Kunitz inhibitor domain, a core protein of bikunin, has significant inhibitory activity on CaOx crystallization without GAG bound covalently to the core protein.
Expression of protein tyrosine phosphatase PTP‐RL10 and its isoform in the mouse testis
Authors: Tokuchi Hiromu , Higashitsuji Hiroaki , Nishiyama Hiroyuki , Nonoguchi Kohsuke , Nagao Toshikazu , Xue Jing‐Hui , Itoh Katsuhiko , Ogawa Osamu , Fujita Jun 
Published: March 2003

Background
: The cytoplasmic‐type protein tyrosine phosphatase PTP‐RL10/PTPD1/PTP2E contains an ezrin‐like domain and associates with the c‐Src protein tyrosine kinase. Because tyrosine phosphorylation regulated by protein tyrosine kinases and phosphatases is involved in activation, migration, differentiation and proliferation of various cell types, the expression of PTP‐RL10 and c‐src in the mouse testis was investigated.
Methods
: Testes of wild‐type mice and W/Wv mutant mice that lack germ cells were analyzed by northern blotting, in situ hybridization histochemistry and reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction for the expression of PTP‐RL10, its isoform PTP‐RL10b and c‐src. Expression in the Sertoli cell lines, TM4 and TAMA26 was also analyzed.
Results
: PTP‐RL10 transcripts of 5.7 kb and 2.9 kb in size were detected in the testis. In situ hybridization histochemistry demonstrated that the 5.7 kb transcripts were expressed in pachytene spermatocytes and somatic cells including Sertoli cells, in which c‐src transcripts were detected. The 2.9 kb transcript encoded a novel isoform, PTP‐RL10b, that has the catalytic domain but not the domains that associate with c‐Src. PTP‐RL10b was expressed mainly in the testicular somatic cells. TM4 and TAMA26 cells were found to co‐express PTP‐RL10, PTP‐RL10b and c‐src transcripts.
Conclusion
: PTP‐RL10 and its isoform are expressed in the Sertoli cells and are suggested to play roles in spermatogenesis by interacting with c‐Src and/or other protein(s).