bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The interaction of prostaglandins with human serum lipoproteins
Authors: Bergelson L. D. 
Published: February 2005

Using high density and low density lipoproteins (HDL and LDL) labeled with fluorescent analogues of phosphatidylcholine or sphingomyelin it was found that low amounts (10−12 M) of prostaglandins E1 and F2α induced different structural rearrangements of the lipoprotein surface, whereas prostaglandins E2 and F1α had no effect. The effects of prostaglandin E1 on HDL were largely paralled by those of this prostaglandin on synthetic recombinants prepared from pure apolipoprotein A1, phospholipids and cholesterol and were demonstrated to be caused by prostaglandin-apolipoprotein interaction. The interaction resembled that of a ligand with a specific receptor protein because it was specific, reversible, concentration and temperature dependent and saturable. However the retaining capacity of HDL or LDL for prostaglandin E1 as determined by equilibrium dialysis was very low and a single prostaglandin E1 molecule was able to induce structural changes in large numbers of discrete lipoprotein particles. To explain this remarkable fact a non-equilibrium model of ligand-receptor interaction is proposed. According to that model in open systems characterized by weak ligand-receptor binding, high diffusion rate of the ligand and long relaxation times which exceed the interval between two successive receptor occupations, the ligand-induced changes will accumulate, resulting in transformation of the system into a new state which may be far away from equilibrium. It is emphasized that the low mobility of lipids constituting the environment of the receptor protein plays a critcal role in this type of signal amplification.
It was further demonstrated that the PGE1-induced changes of the lipoprotein surface resulted in an enhancement of LDL-to-HDL transfer of cholesterol esters and phosphatidylcholine especially in the presence of serum lipid transfer proteins. The acceleration of the interlipoprotein transfer caused by prostaglandin E1 in turn increases the rate of cholesterol esterification in serum. It is suggested that in such a way prostaglandin E1 may influence the homeostasis of cholesterol.
Some aspects of glycosylation in rat liver during pregnancy
Authors: Marino M. , Leoni S. , Spagnuolo S. , Devirgiliis L. Conti , Mangiantini M. T. 
Published: February 2005

The aim of the present report was to analyze the pattern of glycoprotein synthesis in rat liver on 19th and 22nd day of pregnancy by following the incorporation of14C-glucosamine and3H-galactose into isolated rat hepatocytes, the N-acetylglucosaminyl-1-P and galactosyl transferase activities, and the liver content of dolichol and dolichyl-phosphate.
The data obtained show a decrease of precursor incorporation into glycoproteins during the last period of pregnancy; this decrease is independent of enzyme activities. The dolichol content increases and the dolichyl-phosphate content, usually considered as rate limiting for glycosylation, decreases.
These results, present in other conditions of proliferation and differentiation of rat liver, could explain the differences in membrane organization, the increase of hepatic proteolysis and the alteration in secretory activity during the last phase of gestation.
Proton microprobe analysis of 15 elements in pancreatic B cells and exocrine pancreas in diabetic Chinese hamsters
Authors: Juntti-Berggren Lisa , Lindh Ulf , Berggren Per-Olof , Frankel Barbara J. 
Published: February 2005

Diabetes mellitus spontaneously develops in certain sublines of non-obese Chinese hamsters, and the diabetic L-subline is known for subnormal pancreatic insulin release in vitro. The cause of the secretory defect is unknown.
Freeze-dried pancreas sections from genetically diabetic Chinese hamsters and normal controls were subjected to proton bombardment and the concentration of 15 elements in B cells and acini was calculated from the X-rays emitted. Diabetic B cells contained significantly less Al (−61%) and significantly more Cu (+92 %), Mg (+6 %) and Rb (+13 %) than their normal counterparts. The diabetic acini showed similar, significant changes. The molar ratio between K and Na was about 10 in endocrine as well as exocrine pancreas from both groups of animals, implying that neither sample preparation nor irradiation had induced significant diffusive changes.
In conclusion, the high K/Na ratio suggests that the diabetic B cell has a well-functioning Na+/K+ pump. However, significant and parallel changes in Al-, Cu-, Mg- and Rb-levels were found in both the B cells and acinar portion of the diabetic pancreas. It is not clear whether these elemental changes cause the islet secretory defect or result from it.
Composite marginal zone B‐cell lymphoma and classical Hodgkin's lymphoma: a clinicopathological study of 12 cases
Authors: Zettl A , Rüdiger T , Marx A , Müller‐Hermelink H K , Ott G 
Published: February 2005

Aims : Classical Hodgkin's lymphoma (cHL) rarely coexists as composite lymphoma with B‐cell non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma (B‐NHL). We characterized 12 cases of composite marginal zone B‐cell lymphoma (MZBL) and cHL by immunohistochemistry and molecular biology.Methods and results : Eight patients had gastric MZBL of mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)‐type, in five cases with a diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma component. Concurrent cHL was observed either in the stomach wall, regional, or distant lymph nodes. One patient each had composite pulmonary/thyroid MZBL of MALT‐type and cHL. In two cases, nodal composite MZBL and cHL was observed. cHL displayed features of mixed cellularity type in 10 cases, while in two cases only scattered Hodgkin‐ and Reed–Sternberg (H/RS) cells were noted. H/RS cells expressed CD30, multiple myeloma oncogene 1 protein (MUM1P), p53 (100%), CD15 (58%), CD20 (58%) and Epstein–Barr virus‐associated LMP1 (50%). No t(11;18)(q21;q21) was detected in composite MZBL of MALT‐type and cHL.Conclusions : MZBL and cHL may occur as composite lymphoma, possibly reflecting clonal lymphoma progression. Derivation from extranodal MZBL of MALT‐type should be excluded in cases in which a diagnosis of primary extranodal cHL is considered.
Neuroendocrine differentiation in non‐small cell lung cancer and its relation to prognosis and therapy
Authors: Howe M C , Chapman A , Kerr K , Dougal M , Anderson H , Hasleton P S 
Published: February 2005

Aims : Histopathologists report the presence of neuroendocrine (NE) differentiation in non‐small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) in up to a third of cases and are often questioned about its clinical relevance. The conclusions of previous studies have been inconsistent. This paper aims to provide an answer by examining a large series together with a comprehensive critique of the literature.Methods and results : Four hundred and thirty‐nine cases of NSCLC were examined, immunohistochemically, using antibodies to chromogranin A (CGA), synaptophysin (SYN) and CD56/neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM). Three hundred and forty‐one cases had been treated with surgical resection and the remainder with chemotherapy. The results were compared with clinical outcome. Thity‐six percent of cases had positive staining for at least one NE marker. CGA was positive in 5.5% of cases, SYN in 16.5% and NCAM in 28%. There was no association between the presence of NE markers and survival in either the surgically treated group or the chemotherapy‐treated group. There was also no association between NE markers and response to chemotherapy in the latter group.Conclusions : The presence of immunohistochemically detected NE differentiation in NSCLC is not of prognostic significance.
Characteristics of submucosal gastric carcinoma with lymph node metastatic disease
Authors: Son H J , Song S Y , Kim S , Noh J H , Sohn T S , Kim D S , Rhee J C 
Published: February 2005

Aim : To study the correlation between lymph node metastatic disease and various pathological parameters. Lymph node metastasis is the most important factor in determining the prognosis of patients with early gastric cancer and is significantly associated with the submucosal invasion of neoplastic cells. However, the depth of submucosal layer as well as the depth of submucosal tumour invasion varies among different cases.Methods and results : We studied various pathological parameters including the macroscopic appearance, location, size, area, differentiation, invasion depth, vascularity and fibrosis of submucosal gastric carcinomas (SMGC), using 248 age‐ and sex‐matched tissue samples. The presence of lymphatic emboli, a larger area, greater size, a non‐flat gross type and an increased vascularity of the tumour were significantly associated with node‐positive SMGC. Among the three depth‐related parameters, the ocular scale measurement, the sm3 method and the sm2 method, only the ocular scale measurement showed a significant correlation with node‐positive SMGC. Using multivariate analysis, the incidence of lymph node metastasis increased in the lymphatic tumour emboli and in the tumours that invaded more than half of the submucosal layer.Conclusions : These histological indicators seem to be a feasible and easy way to predict lymph node metastatic disease from limited surgery specimens. Pathologists should carefully investigate the lymphatic invasion of tumour cells and measure the invasion depth of the tumour.
HDM2 overexpression and focal loss of p14/ARF expression may deregulate the p53 tumour suppressor pathway in meningeal haemangiopericytomas. Study by double immunofluorescence and laser scanning confocal microscopy
Authors: Martínez J‐C , Palomino J‐C , Cabello A , Sepúlveda J M , De La Cámara A G , Ricoy J‐R 
Published: February 2005

Aims : To investigate the p53 pathway in meningeal haemangiopericytomas (MHPCs), p14/ARF, p53 protein expression and two wild‐type (wt) p53‐induced proteins (HDM2 and p21/WAF1) were studied in 18 MHPCs, 11 primary, four of them recurrent on one, one, two and four occasions.Methods : Immunohistochemical detection of p14/ARF, p53, p21/WAF1, HDM2 and Ki67 proliferative index (PI) protein expression.Results : Ki67 index was > 5% in eight out 18 cases (44.4%). The PI in recurrent cases increased with neoplastic progression. Simultaneous p53 and wt p53 transactivated gene (p21/WAF, HDM2) expression occurred in all cases. This argues against p53 mutation. HDM2 overexpression was observed in 10 cases (55.5%). Double‐immunofluorescence staining and laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM) displayed HDM2 and p53 colocalization. This strongly suggests that HDM2 binds and inactivates p53 that could be pathogenic for MHPCs, by a different mechanism than point mutation. p14/ARF expression > 5% was observed in 12 cases (66.6%). A normal (diffuse) pattern of expression was seen in 13 cases (72.2%). Focal loss of expression was observed in five patients (27.7%): three primary cases and two recurrences. Therefore, p14/ARF down‐regulation may also contribute to the development of MHPC.Conclusion : HDM2 overexpression, sometimes combined with focal loss of p14/ARF expression, may play a pathogenic role in MHPCs.
The β3 subunit of the integrin αIIbβ3 regulates αIIb-mediated outside-in signaling
Authors: Liu Junling , Jackson Carl W. , Gruppo Ralph A. , Jennings Lisa K. , Gartner T. Kent 
Published: February 2005

AbstractBidirectional signaling is an essential feature of αIIbβ3 function. The αIIb cytoplasmic domain negatively regulates β3-mediated inside-out signaling, but little is known about the regulation of αIIb-mediated outside-in signaling. We show that αIIb-mediated outside-in signaling is enhanced in platelets of a patient lacking the terminal 39 residues of the β3 cytoplasmic tail. This enhanced signaling was detected as thromboxane A2 (TxA2) production and granule secretion, and required ligand cross-linking of αIIbβ3 and platelet aggregation. This outside-in signaling was specifically inhibited by a palmitoylated version of a β3 peptide corresponding to cytoplasmic domain residues R724-R734. Unlike the palmitoylated peptide, the nonpalmitoylated β3 peptide could not cross the platelet membrane and did not inhibit this outside-in signaling. The physiologic relevance of this β3-mediated negative regulation of αIIb outside-in signaling was demonstrated in normal platelets treated with the palmitoylated peptide and a physiologic agonist. Binding of αIIbβ3 complexes to immobilized peptides demonstrated that a peptide corresponding to β3 residues R724-R734 appears to bind to an αIIb cytoplasmic domain peptide containing residues K989-D1002, but not to control peptides. These results demonstrate that αIIb-mediated outside-in signaling resulting in TxA2 production and granule secretion is negatively regulated by a sequence of residues in the membrane distal β3 cytoplasmic domain sequence RKEFAKFEEER.
New approaches for preventing and treating chronic graft-versus-host disease
Authors: Lee Stephanie J. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractDespite improvements in the practice of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HCT) over the last 25 years, chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) remains a substantial problem with little change in the incidence, morbidity, and mortality of this complication. In fact, with increased use of peripheral blood, transplantation of older patients, and less immediate transplantation-related mortality, the prevalence of chronic GVHD may increase. One of the difficulties in combating chronic GVHD is a lack of understanding about the pathophysiology of the syndrome. Inherent difficulties in conducting human clinical trials also contribute to the lack of meaningful progress. This review covers potential new approaches to the prevention and treatment of chronic GVHD.
Implications of Racial and Gender Differences In Patterns of Adolescent Risk Behavior for HIV And Other Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Authors: Halpern Carolyn Tucker , Hallfors Denise , Bauer Daniel J. , Iritani Bonita , Waller Martha W. , Cho Hyunsan 
Published: February 2005

CONTEXT: Sexual and substance use behaviors covary in adolescence. Prevalence of HIV and other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) differs according to race and gender, yet few studies have systematically investigated risk behavior patterns by subgroup, particularly with nationally representative data.METHODS: A priori considerations and K‐means cluster analysis were used to group 13,998 non‐Hispanic black and white participants in the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, Wave 1, according to self‐reported substance use and sexual behavior. Multinomial logit analyses examined racial and gender differences by cluster.RESULTS: Among 16 clusters, the two defined by the lowest risk behaviors (sexual abstinence and little or no substance use) comprised 47% of adolescents; fewer than 1% in these groups reported ever having received an STD diagnosis. The next largest cluster–characterized by sexual activity (on average, with one lifetime partner) and infrequent substance use–contained 15% of participants but nearly one‐third of adolescent with STDs. Blacks were more likely than whites to be in this group. Black males also were more likely than white males to be in three small clusters characterized by high‐risk sexual behaviors (i.e., having had sex with a male or with at least 14 partners, or for drugs or money). Black females generally were the least likely to be in high‐risk behavior clusters but the most likely to report STDs.CONCLUSIONS: Adolescents' risk behavior patterns vary by race and gender, and do not necessarily correlate with their STD prevalence. Further investigation of adolescents' partners and sexual networks is needed.
Linkage evidence of schizophrenia to loci near neuregulin 1 gene on chromosome 8p21 in Taiwanese families
Authors: Liu Chih‐Min , Hwu Hai‐Gwo , Fann Cathy S.J. , Lin Chin‐Yu , Liu Yu‐Li , Ou‐Yang Wen‐Chen , Lee Sandy F‐C 
Published: February 2005

AbstractPositive linkage of schizophrenia to chromosome 8p22‐21 loci had been reported in the Caucasian samples. This study was designed to replicate this finding by using eleven microsatellite markers on chromosome 8p22‐21 in 52 Taiwanese schizophrenic families with at least two affected siblings. Two phenotype models (narrow: DSM‐IV schizophrenia only; and broad: including schizophrenia, schizoaffective, and other non‐affective psychotic disorders) were used to define the disease phenotype. Maximum non‐parametric linkage scores (NPL score) of 2.45 (P = 0.008) and 1.89 (P = 0.02) were obtained for the marker D8S1222 under the broad and narrow models, respectively. Positive linkage was found across about a 4‐cM region. The marker D8S1222 was about 400 kbp distal to the exon 1 of glial growth factor 2 (GGF2), an isoform of Neuregulin 1 gene (NRG1), which has been highly suggested to be a candidate gene for schizophrenia. The results provide suggestive linkage evidence of schizophrenia to loci near NRG1 on chromosome 8p21 in an ethnically distinct Taiwanese sample. Further exploration of the candidate gene and nearby chromosome regions is warranted. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Model for organizational knowledge creation and strategic use of information
Authors: Heinrichs John H. , Lim Jeen‐Su 
Published: February 2005

AbstractNimble competitors competing in a dynamic global marketspace increasingly characterize the current environment faced by many organizations. Providing the organization's knowledge workers with the tools and technology to mine information and generate insights has become a key issue facing organizations. In this study we investigate the potential combined impact of the use of organizational decision models and competitive intelligence tool proficiency on knowledge creation and strategic use of information competence. Regression analysis results show significant main and interaction effects of the organizational decision models and competitive intelligence tool proficiency on four identified factors of knowledge creation and strategic use of information competence: pattern discovery, strategy appraisal, insight generation, and solution formulation. Organizational implications and future research directions are discussed.
Brain activation during semantic judgment of Chinese sentences: A functional MRI study
Authors: Mo Lei , Liu Ho‐Ling , Jin Hua , Yang Ya‐Ling 
Published: February 2005

AbstractA functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study was conducted to investigate whether the anatomic substrates of semantic memory may reflect categorical organization and to determine whether the left middle frontal gyrus (Brodmann area [BA] 9) plays a role in Chinese semantic judgment. Unlike previous studies using a word‐retrieval task (e.g., word generation, naming, and word categorization), we used a typical task of semantic knowledge retrieval in cognitive psychology in which subjects were asked to determine whether a sentence describing an attribute of living things or nonliving things was true or not. The experimental conditions evoked extensive activation over several regions of the brain including a very strong activation in the left middle frontal region (BA9 and BA46). Our data show that there is no unique activation associated with living or nonliving things at the statistical threshold used in our study. The results imply that human semantic system is undifferentiated by category at the neural level. Our findings also corroborate and extend the claim that the left middle frontal gyrus plays an important role in reading Chinese at both the sentence and the word level. Hum Brain Mapping 24:305–312, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mutations of the BRAF gene in ulcerative colitis‐related colorectal carcinoma
Authors: Aust Daniela E. , Haase Michael , Dobryden Lyudmyla , Markwarth Annett , Löhrs Udo , Wittekind Christian , Baretton Gustavo B. , Tannapfel Andrea 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe Raf/MEK/ERK (MAPK) signal transduction cascade is an important mediator of a number of cellular fates including growth, proliferation and survival. The BRAF gene is activated by oncogenic Ras, leading to cooperative effects in cells responding to growth factor signals. Our study was performed to elucidate a possible function of BRAF in ulcerative colitis (UC)‐related colorectal carcinogenesis. Mutations of BRAF and KRAS were determined in 33 UC‐related colorectal cancers by direct DNA sequencing analyses after microdissection. Mismatch‐repair deficiency was assessed by immunohistochemistry for major mismatch‐repair proteins hMLH1, hMSH2 and hMSH6 and microsatellite analyses of the BAT25 and BAT26 loci. Hypermethylation of the hMLH1 promoter was also tested. The results obtained were correlated with histopathologic variables. Activating BRAF missense mutations were identified in 3/33 UC‐related cancers (9%), 2 of which exhibited a loss of hMLH1‐protein expression and hypermethylation of the hMLH1 promoter. Corresponding nondysplastic UC‐mucosa of these patients did not show BRAF mutations. KRAS mutations were found in 6/33 (18%) UC cancers. All 6 UC cancers with KRAS mutations had an intact BRAF gene as the 3 cancers with BRAF mutations had an intact KRAS gene. There was no significant correlation between BRAF or KRAS status and clinicopathologic variables. Our data indicate that BRAF mutations are not an initiating event in UC‐related carcinogenesis and are associated with mismatch‐repair deficiency through hMLH1‐promoter hypermethylation. Disruption of the Raf/MEK/ERK (MAPK) kinase pathway—either through RAS or BRAF mutation—was detected in 27% of all UC‐related cancers and thus plays an important role in UC‐related carcinogenesis. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparison of 585 and 595 nm laser‐induced vascular response of normal in vivo human skin
Authors: Pikkula Brian M. , Chang David W. , Nelson J. Stuart , Anvari Bahman 
Published: February 2005

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesTwo wavelengths, 585 and 595 nm, are currently common options for treating vascular malformations such as port‐wine stains (PWS). Controversy exists as to which wavelength induces greater photothermal damage to the blood vessels and subsequent resolution of the malformations.Study Design/Materials and MethodsWe irradiated normal, human skin in vivo at 585 and 595 nm wavelengths using fluences of 10–30 J/cm2 with a 1.5 millisecond laser pulse. The level of purpura, total vascular damage, maximum coagulation depth (MCD), and perivascular damage were quantified by gross observation and histological analysis.ResultsResults demonstrated that 585 nm light caused greater purpura, vascular damage, maximum coagulation depth, and perivascular damage than 595 nm. Purpura showed a positive correlation with total vascular damage to a certain extent beyond which the total vascular damage did not change. For equivalent purpura, 585 and 595 nm produced no statistically significant difference in vascular damage. The difference in the laser‐induced vascular damage between 585 and 595 nm, although statistically significant, was no more than 50%.ConclusionsThe bathochromic (red) shift and formation of met‐hemoglobin, which reduces the 585 nm light absorption and increases that of 595 nm compared to native oxy‐hemoglobin, play a considerable role in creating more parity in vascular damage between the two wavelengths than would be expected based on their respective “native” absorption coefficients alone. Lasers Surg. Med. 36:117–123, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.