bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is endometrial carcinoma intrinsically more aggressive in elderly patients?
Authors: Alektiar Kaled M. , Venkatraman Ennapadam , Abu‐Rustum Nadeem , Barakat Richard R. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe current study was conducted to determine the influence of old age (age ≥ 70 years) on outcome in a group of patients with endometrial carcinoma who were treated with simple hysterectomy followed by adjuvant radiation therapy (RT).METHODSBetween November 1987 and May 2000, 405 patients with International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) Stage IB‐II endometrial carcinoma were treated with postoperative RT. Intravaginal RT alone was given to 77% of patients (median dose, 21grays [Gy] given in 3 fractions). Additional postoperative external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) was given to 23% of patients (median dose, 45 Gy). Eighty‐four patients were age ≥ 70 years and 321 patients were age < 70 years. The two groups were well balanced with regard to race, comprehensive surgical staging, aggressive histology, lymphovascular invasion, lower uterine segment involvement, cervical involvement, and the use of postoperative EBRT. Significantly more patients in the age ≥ 70 years group had other comorbidities such as obesity, diabetes mellitus, or hypertension (P= 0.02) and were found to have deep (> 50%) myometrial invasion (P= 0.008).RESULTSWith a median follow‐up time of 48 months, the 5‐year locoregional control (LRC), disease‐free survival (DFS), and overall survival (OS) rates were 95%, 91%, and 90% respectively. On multivariate analysis, poor LRC was found to be correlated with age ≥ 70 years (P= 0.019) and lymphovascular invasion (P= 0.001). Poor DFS was found to be correlated with age ≥ 70 years (P= 0.03), lymphovascular invasion (P= 0.01), and aggressive histology (P= 0.001). Similarly, poor OS was found to correlate with age ≥ 70 years (P= 0.001), lymphovascular invasion (P= 0.01), aggressive histology (P= 0.01), and cervical involvement (P= 0.02). The same factors that were found to correlate with OS (age ≥ 70 years, lymphovascular involvement, aggressive histology, and cervical involvement) also appeared to correlate with disease‐specific survival (P= 0.03,P= 0.008,P= 0.001, andP= 0.04, respectively). The 5‐year actuarial rates of Radiation Therapy Oncology Group late complications that were ≥ Grade 3 (gastrointestinal tract, genitourinary tract, or vagina) were 3% in both groups.CONCLUSIONSEven when treated in a similar fashion, endometrial carcinoma patients age ≥ 70 years appear to fare worse than younger patients independent of other poor prognostic factors. The rate of complications from adjuvant RT, despite a higher rate of comorbidity in elderly patients, was found to be similar in both age groups. Endometrial carcinoma appears to be intrinsically more aggressive in older patients, thus mandating further improvement in their treatment strategies. Cancer 2003. © 2003 American Cancer Society.
A linearized implicit pseudo‐spectral method for some model equations: the regularized long wave equations
Authors: Djidjeli K. , Price W. G. , Twizell E. H. , Cao Q. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractAn efficient numerical method is developed for the numerical solution of non‐linear wave equations typified by the regularized long wave equation (RLW) and its generalization (GRLW). The method developed uses a pseudo‐spectral (Fourier transform) treatment of the space dependence together with a linearized implicit scheme in time. =10pt An important advantage to be gained from the use of this method, is the ability to vary the mesh length, thereby reducing the computational time. Using a linearized stability analysis, it is shown that the proposed method is unconditionally stable. The method is second order in time and all‐order in space. The method presented here is for the RLW equation and its generalized form, but it can be implemented to a broad class of non‐linear long wave equations (Equation (2)), with obvious changes in the various formulae. Test problems, including the simulation of a single soliton and interaction of solitary waves, are used to validate the method, which is found to be accurate and efficient. The three invariants of the motion are evaluated to determine the conservation properties of the algorithm. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Can the principle of the ecological footprint be applied to measure the environmental sustainability of business?
Authors: Holland Leigh 
Published: November 2003

AbstractEcological footprinting is an accounting tool that seeks to quantify the biological capacity that is required to support human activity. It has been used at the city or country level, but as yet it has not been applied at the lowest level of economic activity – the business enterprise. In order to assess its usefulness the technique is reviewed alongside other management tools for assessing the environmental performance of commercial organizations. This will then enable the business to develop environmental management systems and strategies to improve environmental performance and eco‐efficiency. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Optimizing the QoS of high speed moving terminals in cellular networks
Authors: Ioannou K. , Kotsopoulos S. , Stavroulakis P. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractThis paper presents a dynamic guard channel assignment technique based on a two‐layer cellular architecture which optimizes the blocking probability performance of high‐speed moving terminals (HSMT) and handoff calls of low‐speed moving terminals (LSMT), in a congested urban area. The lower layer of the proposed architecture is based on a microcellular solution, for absorbing the traffic loads of LSMT. The higher layer is based on a macro‐cell umbrella solution, for absorbing the traffic load of the HSMT. The results show that using the optimum number of channels and adjusting dynamically the number of guard channels in each layer, the blocking probability of the HSMT and the handoff blocking probability of LSMT is optimized having the minimum bad effect on the new call blocking probability of LSMT. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Differential role of IL‐18 and IL‐12 in the host defense against disseminated Candida albicans infection
Authors: Netea Mihai G. , Vonk Alieke G. , van den Hoven Mabel , Verschueren Ineke , Joosten Leo A. , van Krieken Johan H. , van den Berg Wim B. , Van der Meer Jos W. M. , Kullberg Bart Jan 
Published: November 2003

AbstractIFN‐γ plays a crucial role in the defense against infection with Candida albicans. Since IL‐18 and IL‐12 are strong stimuli of IFN‐γ production, we investigated whether endogenous IL‐18 and IL‐12 are involved in the host defense during disseminated candidiasis. IL‐18 knockout (IL‐18‐/‐) mice, but not IL‐12‐/‐ mice, displayed an increased mortality due to C. albicans infection, accompanied by a decreased clearance of the yeasts from the kidneys late during the course of infection. Histopathology of the organs, combined with phagocyte recruitment experiments, showed a decreased influx of monocytes at the sites of Candida infection, mainly in the IL‐18‐/‐ mice. Whereas production of the chemokine KC was decreased in both IL‐18‐/‐ and IL‐12‐/‐ mice, MIP‐2 production was deficient only in IL‐18‐/‐ animals, which may explain the differences in phagocyte recruitment. In addition, although IFN‐γ production capacity, as a parameter of the Th1‐protective immunity, was reduced by 65 to 80% in the IL‐12‐/‐ mice, this defect was even more pronounced in the IL‐18‐/‐ mice (85 to 95% downmodulation). In conclusion, the anticandidal effects of endogenous IL‐18 are mediated late during the infection by assuring a proper IFN‐γ response and promoting the infiltration of the site of infection by monocytes.
O‐Linked glycans control glycoprotein processing by antigen‐presenting cells: a biochemical approach to the molecular aspects of MUC1 processing by dendritic cells
Authors: Hanisch Franz‐Georg , Schwientek Tilo , Von Bergwelt‐Baildon Michael S. , Schultze Joachim L. , Finn Olivera 
Published: November 2003

AbstractMUC1 is a glycoprotein overexpressed in breast cancer and other adenocarcinomas, and is known to elicit cellular and humoral immunity directed against unglycosylated peptide epitopes in the repeat domain. Based on immunological evidence that O‐linked glycans on repeat peptides remain intact during processing by dendritic cells (DC), we used MUC1 as a model to address the question which role O‐linked glycans play in this process. We were able to identify the sites of proteolysis in MUC1 repeats and the enzyme(s) involved, and elucidated the site‐specific effects of O‐glycosylation on MUC1 processing by human and mouse DC. Peptides generated by the cellular processing machinery from native mucin or (glyco)peptides suggest specific cleavage at Gly13‐Ser14, His20‐Gly1 and Thr3‐Ser4 peptide bonds in the tandem repeat GVTSAPDTRPAPGSTAPPAH resulting in the initial formation of STA27 or GVT20 and SAP17 as the final product with intact O‐glycosylation. Human cathepsin L and the corresponding mouse enzyme in low‐density endosomes were identified in vitro to catalyze this site‐specific MUC1 proteolysis. O‐Glycosylation controls the processing by preventing proteolysis of the Thr3‐Ser4 peptide bond if either amino acid is glycosylated, and is responsible for the inertness of tumor‐associated MUC1 glycoforms to effective DC processing by masking this cleavage site.
Regulation of peptide presentation by major histocompatibility complex class II molecules at the surface of macrophages
Authors: von Delwig Alexei , Musson Julie A. , McKie Norman , Gray Joe , Robinson John H. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractWe studied major histocompatibility complex class II‐dependent presentation of two T cell epitopes delivered as synthetic peptides by fixed macrophages. Treatment of bone marrow macrophages with inhibitors of proteinases of the metallo‐, aspartic and serine proteinase families enhanced presentation of peptides, indicating that several enzyme families participate in destructive antigen processing of exogenous peptides. High performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry analysis demonstrated the presence of peptide fragments in macrophage supernatants, and permitted identification of the cleavage sites which confirmed the enzyme families involved. Peptide fragments were shown to be competitive inhibitors of presentation of the full‐length peptide to CD4 T cells by fixed and live macrophages. The results indicate that several classes of proteinases can modulate antigen presentation by at least two mechanisms: (1) degradation of extracellular oligopeptides and (2) generation of natural peptide ligands that block antigen presentation to CD4 T cells. The generation of inhibitory natural peptide ligands is a new mechanism of immunoregulation which could operate during the induction of T cell responses in a variety of situations.
Comparative analysis of NK‐ or NK‐CTL‐mediated lysis of immature or mature autologous dendritic cells
Authors: Pietra Gabriella , Romagnani Chiara , Mazzarino Paola , Millo Enrico , Moretta Lorenzo , Mingari Maria Cristina 
Published: November 2003

AbstractNatural killer (NK) cells have been shown to kill efficiently autologous immature dendritic cells (iDC), while sparing those undergone maturation. In this study we investigated the effect of the interaction between autologous DC and NK‐cytolytic T lymphocytes (NK‐CTL), a subset of HLA‐E‐restricted CD8+ T cells that express HLA class I‐specific inhibitory NK receptors. Although these cells share with NK cells various phenotypic and functional features (such as the capacity to lyse most allogeneic, NK‐susceptible tumor cell lines), different from NK cells, NK‐CTL failed to lyse autologous DC. However, after pulsing DC with a cytomegalovirus‐derived, HLA‐E‐binding peptide recognized by NK‐CTL, both iDC and mature DC became highly susceptible to lysis. On the other hand,the addition of the peptide resulted in the down‐regulation of the NK‐mediated lysis of the same autologous iDC. The capability of killing autologous DC, presenting a non‐self, HLA‐E‐binding peptide, may represent a feedback mechanism by which NK‐CTL down‐regulate HLA‐E‐restricted responses to certain pathogens.
Contrasting roles of DAP10 and KARAP/DAP12 signaling adaptors in activation of the RBL‐2H3 leukemic mast cell line
Authors: Anfossi Nicolas , Lucas Mathias , Diefenbach Andreas , Bühring Hans‐Jörg , Raulet David , Tomasello Elena , Vivier Eric 
Published: November 2003

AbstractA common feature of hematopoietic activating immunoreceptors resides in their association at the cell surface with transmembrane signaling adaptors. Several adaptors, such as the CD3 molecules, FcRγ and KARAP/DAP12, harbor intracytoplasmic immunoreceptor tyrosine‐based activation motifs (ITAM) that activate Syk‐family protein tyrosine kinases. In contrast, another transmembrane adaptor, DAP10, bears a YxxM motif that delivers signals by activation of lipid kinase pathways. We show here that the human signal‐regulatory protein SIRPβ1 can associate with both DAP10 and KARAP/DAP12 in a model of RBL‐2H3 cell transfectants. In association with KARAP/DAP12, SIRPβ1 complexes are capable of inducing serotonin release and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) secretion. By contrast,in the absence of KARAP/DAP12, engagement of SIRPβ1:DAP10 complexes does not lead to detectable serotonin release or TNF secretion by RBL‐2H3 transfectants. However, triggering of SIRPβ1:DAP10 complexes co‐stimulates RBL‐2H3 effector function induced by sub‐optimal stimulation of the endogenous FcϵRI complex. Therefore, we report here a cellular model in which the association of a cell surface receptor with various signaling adaptors dictates the co‐stimulatory or the direct stimulatory properties of the complex.
Efficient Synthesis of Doubly Connected Primary Face‐to‐Face Cyclodextrin Homo‐Dimers
Authors: Lecourt Thomas , Mallet Jean‐Maurice , Sinaÿ Pierre 
Published: November 2003

Abstract“Head‐to‐head” type α‐ and β‐cyclodextrin homo‐dimers in which the two primary rims are doubly ligated through alkyl chains have been synthesised in high yield by acyclic diene metathesis (ADM), followed by ring‐closing metathesis (RCM). (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)
Buttressing Effects Rerouting the Deprotonation and Functionalization of 1,3‐Dichloro‐ and 1,3‐Dibromobenzene
Authors: Heiss Christophe , Marzi Elena , Schlosser Manfred 
Published: November 2003

AbstractA systematic comparison between 1,3‐difluorobenzene, 1,3‐dichlorobenzene, and 1,3‐dibromobenzene did not reveal major differences in their behavior towards strong bases such as lithium diisopropylamide or lithium 2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidide. Thus, all 2,6‐dihalobenzoic acids 1 are directly accessible by consecutive treatment with a suitable base and dry ice. In contrast, (2,6‐dichlorophenyl)‐ and (2,6‐bromophenyl)triethylsilane (2a and 2b) were found to undergo deprotonation at the 5‐position (affording acids 3 and, after deprotection, 4), whereas the 1,3‐difluoro analog is known to react at the 4‐position. The 2,4‐dihalobenzoic acids 7 were selectively prepared from either the silanes 2 (by bromination at the 4‐position, metalation and carboxylation of the neighboring position, followed by desilylation and debromination) or the 1,3‐dihalo‐2‐iodobenzenes 8 (by base‐promoted migration of iodine to the 4‐position followed by iodine/magnesium permutation and subsequent carboxylation). (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)
Specific Solvation as a Tool for the N‐Chemoselective Arylsulfonylation of Tyrosine and (4‐Hydroxyphenyl)glycine Methyl Esters
Authors: Penso Michele , Albanese Domenico , Landini Dario , Lupi Vittoria , Tricarico Giovanni 
Published: November 2003

AbstractThe methyl esters of L‐tyrosine and D‐(4‐hydroxyphenyl)glycine were directly transformed into the corresponding 2‐arylsulfonamido esters with arylsulfonyl chlorides, without protecting the phenolic hydroxy group. The reaction is conducted in a THF/DMF (8:1) mixture as solvent, and using lyophilized solid sodium carbonate as base. The N‐arylsulfonylation takes place with good yields (62−85%) in a chemoselective fashion, without racemization of the stereogenic carbon centers. The DMF (2.6 mol/mol amino ester) specifically solvates the oxygen atom of the formed N,O‐dianion, reducing its nucleophilicity and dramatically increasing the chemoselectivity of the N‐substitution. In contrast, in the absence of a highly coordinating additive, the phenoxide anion competes unfavorably with the 2‐amino group for the nucleophilic attack, and the N,O‐disulfonyl esters are produced with relevant yields. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)
2‐C‐Formyl Glycals: Emerging Chiral Synthons in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Ramesh Namakkal G. , Balasubramanian Kalpattu K. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractNaturally occurring carbohydrates and their derivatives have been useful during the last few decades as “chiral pool” constituents in the enantioselective synthesis of biologically active natural and non‐natural products. The ready availability of a wide range of carbohydrates in nature and their multichiral architecture, coupled with their well defined stereochemistry, make them attractive starting materials in organic synthesis. The synthesis of key intermediates by incorporation of suitable functional groups onto carbohydrates, which can then be further exploited, has always been a challenging task. In this context, 2‐C‐formyl glycals, a new class of carbohydrates incorporating an α,β‐unsaturated carbonyl system, have recently emerged as potential synthons for numerous organic transformations. Four different syntheses of 2‐C‐formyl glycals have been reported so far. However, the importance of 2‐C‐formyl glycals has become well established after our development of a more general, one‐step synthesis, employing the well known Vilsmeier−Haack reaction. Synthetic transformations of these 2‐C‐formyl glycals have resulted in a variety of new compounds of significant synthetic and biological interest. 2‐C‐Formyl glycals have been shown to be ideal substrates for chemo‐, regio‐ and stereoselective glycosidation, nucleophilic addition/substitution and cycloaddition reactions. The reported syntheses and applications of these important “chiral intermediates” are presented. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)
Preparation of [1,2,3,4,5‐13C5]‐5‐Amino‐4‐oxopentanoic Acid (ALA) − Design of a Synthetic Scheme to Prepare Any 13C‐ and 15N‐Isotopomer with High Isotopic Enrichment
Authors: Shrestha‐Dawadi Prativa Bade , Lugtenburg Johan 
Published: November 2003

Abstract5‐Amino‐4‐oxopentanoic acid (5‐aminolevulinic acid) is a precursor in the biosynthesis of the biologically active porphyrins such as chlorophyll, bacteriochlorophyll, heme, etc. These systems are central in photosynthesis, oxygen transport, electron transport, etc. In this paper we describe a simple scheme to prepare any isotopomer of 5‐aminolevulinic acid in a few steps in high yield. Using a similar scheme, levulinic acid can now also be prepared in any isotopomeric form. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)
Voltammetric Determination of N,N‐Dimethyl‐4‐amine‐carboxyazobenzene at a Silver Solid Amalgam Electrode
Authors: Barek Jirí , Dodova Elena , Navrátil Tomáš , Yosypchuk Bogdan , Novotný Ladislav , Zima Jirí 
Published: November 2003

AbstractThe voltammetric behavior of N,N‐dimethyl‐4‐amino‐2′‐carboxyazobenzene was investigated by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) at a mercury meniscus‐modified silver solid amalgam electrode (m‐AgSAE). Conditions have been found for its determination by DPV at m‐AgSAE in the concentration range of 0.4 to 15 μmol L−1.
Electrochemical Oxidation of Quercetin
Authors: Brett Ana Maria Oliveira , Ghica Mariana‐Emilia 
Published: November 2003

AbstractThe mechanism of electrochemical oxidation of quercetin on a glassy carbon electrode has been studied using cyclic, differential pulse and square‐wave voltammetry at different pH. It proceeds in a cascade mechanism, related with the two catechol hydroxyl groups and the other three hydroxyl groups which all present electroactivity, and the oxidation is pH dependent. Quercetin also adsorbs strongly on the electrode surface; and the final oxidation product is not electroactive and blocks the electrode surface. The oxidation of the catechol 3′,4′‐dihydroxyl electron‐donating groups, occurs first, at very low positive potentials, and is a two electron two proton reversible reaction. The hydroxyl group oxidized next was shown to undergo an irreversible oxidation reaction, and this hydroxyl group can form a intermolecular hydrogen bond with the neighboring oxygen. The other two hydroxyl groups also have an electron donating effect and their oxidation is reversible.
Geometry‐based directional model for mobile radio channels—principles and implementation
Authors: Molisch Andreas F. , Kuchar Alexander , Laurila Juha , Hugl Klaus , Schmalenberger Ralph 
Published: November 2003

AbstractAdaptive antennas are used in mobile radio systems for improving coverage and increasing capacity. For realistic system design and simulation, channel models are required in order to assess the performance of such systems. We propose the so‐called ‘geometry‐based stochastic channel model’ (GSCM), which is easy to implement and has a low complexity even when the directional dimension of the channel is taken into account. In this model, we prescribe the probability density function (PDF) of the location of the scatterers. From this, the angularly resolved impulse response can be computed by a simple ray tracing. We then present various extensions of the model in urban environments, namely for diffraction losses and wave guiding by street canyons. We also discuss methods for efficiently implementing GSCM. Copyright © 2003 AEI.
Constituents of the essential oil of Hemerocallis ﬂava day lily
Authors: Lin Ping , Cai Jibao , Li Jun , Sang Wenqiang , Su Qingde 
Published: November 2003

AbstractVolatile oil of Hemerocallis ﬂava, the day lily, was obtained by simultaneous distillation–solvent extraction (SDE). Following, the essential oil was analysed by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography–mass spectrumetry (GC–MS). Fifty‐one components were identiﬁed, constituting approximately 92% of the oil. The main constituents of the essential oil were 3‐furanmethanol (47.9%) and 2‐furancarboxaldehyde (10.4%). Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.