bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of ID NOW COVID-19 with RT-PCR for Diagnosis and Management of COVID-19 Cases
Authors: Rosireddy Mahesh Reddy , Muhammed Yasmin 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Rapid diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 is a challenging issue for healthcare personnel. Abbott’s ID NOW COVID-19 assay is a rapid instrument based on isothermal nucleic acid amplification method for qualitative estimation of SARS-CoV-2 in nasal, nasopharyngeal, and throat swabs.

Aim and objective:
The performance of ID NOW was compared with standard reference RT-PCR in 609 patients.

Results and discussion:
The two methods agreed in 90.6% of the cases and disagreed in 9.4% of the cases, and this agreement was statistically significant (Cohen’s Kappa = 0.727, P < 0.001). The diagnostic performance of ID NOW in predicting RT-PCR positivity was as follows: sensitivity of 78%; specificity of 94%; positive predictive value (PPV) of 80%; negative predictive value (NPV) of 94%; and diagnostic accuracy of 91%.

Conclusion:
Hence ID NOW can be used as point-of-care testing in the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 and thereby immediately isolate positive cases from negative cases.
New Avenue for Treatment of Dentinal Hypersensitivity Assisted with Tekscan a Diagnostic Tool
Authors: Sachdeva Shivani , Shinde Sanket , Saluja Harish 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Occlusion is dynamic and plays an important role in the functioning of the stomatognathic system. Disturbance in one of the components of the stomatognathic system may result in hypersensitivity of teeth, orofacial pain, migraine, and temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders. Coronoplasty done using articulating paper is the conventional method for occlusal corrections. T-scan is a computerized occlusal analysis system that overcomes the limitations of articulating paper.

Methods:
Patients with Myofacial pain dysfunction syndrome (MPDS) having dentinal hypersensitivity were taken into consideration. The case series included three cases. A joint vibratory analysis (JVA) is performed using a JVA device to rule out any TMJ disorders. T-scan-assisted coronoplasty is performed. Patients are asked to score for dentinal hypersensitivity on the VAS scale pre and postoperative.

Results:
Occlusion and disocclusion time is reduced along with hyperactivity of the muscles after T-scan-assisted coronoplasty. There is a reduction in dentinal hypersensitivity postoperative.

Conclusion:
T-scan quantifies the forces and hence proved a boon in the field of dentistry. The present case series highlights coronoplasty assisted with a T-scan for diagnosis and treatment planning of hypersensitivity of teeth; hence it is the future of dentistry.

Practical Implications:
T-scan is a device that is assisted with electromyography. It projects the forces of mastication at every contact point of maxillary and mandibular teeth and reveals muscular hyperactivity. It can be used in MPDS patients with dental hypersensitivity due to occlusal discrepancy as it can guide elective coronoplasty relieving pain and dentinal hypersensitivity.
A Case Series on Transarterial Embolization in Treatment of Hepatic Artery Pseudoaneurysm (Indian perspective) - our experience in a Single Institute (Centre of Excellence)
Authors: Sarkar Krishnendu , Sarkar Avik , Singh Manish K. 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Purpose:
To evaluate the role of transarterial embolization in hepatic artery pseudoaneurysm (HAP) in the Indian population with an analysis of cases done in our hospital in 1 year.

Materials and Methods:
We searched our database on the computer of the School of Digestive and Liver Disease (SDLD) for cases of HAP within the last 1 year (from May 2021 to April 2022) and then reviewed in detail, examining causes, clinical data, laboratory data, treatment given, and any intervention and if yes then its complications and outcome. We then analyzed all the data from the perspective of the Indian population and compared them with those of previous literature.

Result:
Eight patients of HAP were found during investigations, who were admitted to SDLD. Another two patients were referred from another department to GI Radiology of SDLD. Causes were identified as blunt trauma abdomen, chronic pancreatitis, liver biopsy, and liver abscess, with blunt trauma being the most common cause. We found two HAPs in the extra-hepatic location, whereas in the rest of the cases, it was intra-hepatic. Among them, the left hepatic artery was involved in one patient and the right hepatic artery was involved in two patients. All the patients were evaluated carefully by both ultrasonography (USG) and tri-phasic computed tomography of the liver. We successfully embolized all of the total 10 patients of HAP in the last 1 year; however, one patient died due to sepsis. Each patient was followed up by USG.

Conclusion:
HAP is a complication related to blunt injury abdomen, pancreatitis, and post-surgical cases, which should be treated promptly. It can be deadly if left untreated. Successful and prompt intervention can provide good outcomes for these patients and prevent rupture-related complications.
Influence of Saliva Collection Method on the Detection of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and Immunoglobulin G (IgG) Antibodies in the Saliva: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Kheur Supriya , Sanap Avinash , Raut Chandrashekhar , Shekatkar Madhura , Kharat Avinash , Barthwal Madhusudan , Bhawalkar Jitendra , Kheur Mohit , Bhonde Ramesh 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Although the nasopharyngeal swabs (NPS) are considered as the gold standard specimen for the clinical diagnosis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), they pose several limitations such as the high risk of exposure, discomfort to the patients, and requirement of trained healthcare professionals.

Aim:
This study aimed to investigate “saliva” as an alternate source and the influence of the method of saliva collection on the sensitivity of SARS-CoV-2 detection.

Materials and Methods:
In this cross-sectional study, patients were screened for the COVID-19 infection with NPS. Saliva was collected from the same patients by four different methods (expectoration, drooling, gargling, and using salivary swabs) and stored at 80°C. Saliva samples of the patients who were detected positive for SARS-CoV-2 were analyzed for viral load by RT-qPCR and immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels by ELISA.

Results:
Out of 350 patients screened, 43 patients were included in the study, which were found to be positive for COVID-19 as evidenced by RT-PCR in the NPS (positivity rate-12.2%). Expectorated saliva exhibited 78.5% sensitivity and drooling method showed 22.2% sensitivity, whereas the salivary swab and gargling method yielded 21.42% and 16.66% sensitivity, respectively. Furthermore, the sensitivity of SARS-CoV-2 detection was reduced to 18.1% and 0.0% in the saliva collected by salivary swab and gargling method above the cycle threshold value 25.0 (NPS).

Conclusion:
Interestingly, salivary IgG showed better concordance with the viral load as compared to the serum IgG (R20.23 vs 0.04, P = 0.044). Expectorated saliva is a better specimen as compared to the drooling, gargling, and salivary swabs for SARS-CoV-2 viral detection for the clinical diagnosis of COVID-19.
To Study the Frontal Lobe Alterations in Patients of Schizophrenia
Authors: Samudra Madhura , Dhamija Sana , Davis Supriya , Gupta Nishtha , Chaudhury Suprakash , Javadekar Archana , Saldanha Daniel 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Schizophrenia is one of the most perplexing of all brain conditions due to its persistent and severe psychotic manifestations with variable cognitive dysfunction. The pathophysiology of schizophrenia being unknown, the fact that brain circuits are involved and the areas frequently affected being the limbic system, forebrain, and the hindbrain becomes a fertile area for exploration.

Aim:
The aim was to study the frontal lobe alterations in patients of schizophrenia.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional, analytical, and comparative study was done in a tertiary care medical college and research center. Forty patients of schizophrenia with 40 age- and sex-matched healthy individuals were included in the study after informed consent and an institutional ethical clearance. Self-made demographic and clinical questionnaire, the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB), Stroop test, and Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) were applied to all the subjects.

Results:
A significant difference in cognitive impairment was found in patients as compared to controls, seen by a poor performance of patients in FAB and WCST along with a higher Stroop effect. Duration of illness, family history of psychiatric illness, number of episodes, and comorbid substance use were found to be positive predictors of higher cognitive impairment.

Conclusion:
There is a significant level of frontal lobe dysfunction seen in patients of schizophrenia on Stroop test, FAB, and WCST. Family history of psychiatric illness and substance use, especially tobacco, are the factors worsening cognitive dysfunction, while education plays a protective role.
Impact of Psychiatric Morbidity on Quality of Life and Self-Esteem in Individuals With Permanent Orthopaedic Disability
Authors: Raj Rajnish , Kumar Ajay , Aggarwal Hariom , Chaudhury Suprakash , Goyal Ekram , Puria Alka 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Individuals with permanent orthopedic disability face many adversities and may suffer more from psychiatric illnesses as compared to the normal population. This may affect their self-esteem and quality of life.

Aim:
To study the impact of psychiatric morbidity on quality of life and self-esteem in subjects with permanent orthopedic disability.

Methodology:
The study was conducted by the Department of Psychiatry, of a tertiary care hospital from August 1, 2018, to August 1, 2019. A total of 50 subjects over the age of 18 years with permanent orthopedic disability were consecutively enrolled in the department of orthopedics. Orthopedical disability of subjects was assessed and diagnosed by one senior consultant of the Orthopaedics department. Clearance from the Institute’s Ethics Committee was obtained before the start of the study. Psychiatric morbidity was screened in the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview. Psychiatric diagnosis was confirmed by two senior consultants of the Psychiatry department and as per the International Classification of Diseases-10thedition-Clinical Description and Diagnostic Guidelines. Self-esteem and quality of life were assessed on Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale (RSES) and WHO- Quality of Life-BREF (WHO QoL Bref), respectively.

Results:
Statistically significant impact of presence of psychiatric morbidity on Question 1 (P = 0.010), Question 2 (P = 0.002), physical domain (P = 0.001), psychological domain (P = 0.001), social relationship domain (P = 0.001), and environmental domain (P = 0.001) of WHO-QoL-Bref was observed. Subjects with psychiatric illness had lower mean scores as compared to subjects without psychiatric illness. The impact of psychiatric morbidity was also statistically significant on RSES scores (P = 0.000).

Conclusion:
Psychiatric morbidity impacts the quality of life index and self-esteem negatively in individuals with a permanent orthopedic disability.
Frequency of Psychiatric Readmission Causes and Associated Risk Factors
Authors: Kazemi Fatemeh , Rajabi Mostafa , Hashemi Seyedeh Zahra , Mirzadeh Monirsadat , Zahedian Faezeh 
Published: February 2024

Introduction:
Readmission after discharge is recognized as one of the major indicators of the quality of care provided in hospitals. Recurrent hospitalization is common among patients in psychiatric wards and is caused by a myriad of factors. The present study aimed to identify the causes of readmission and associated risk factors in patients with a history of recurrent hospitalization in 22 Bahman Psychiatric Hospital in Qazvin, Iran.

Methods:
This retrospective cross-sectional study was performed by the census method in Psychiatric Hospital in Qazvin, Iran, on all the patients who were admitted at least three times from 2015 to 2019. The following data were extracted from patient profiles using certain checklists: age, gender, educational level, residential location, occupation, marital status, clinical diagnosis, number of hospitalizations, duration of disease, intervals between admissions, substance abuse, regular outpatient visits, and regular use of medications. Data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 22). A P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:
The current study was conducted on 182 patients with a history of readmission who were selected by the census method. The majority of subjects (n = 131) were male, and their mean age score was reported as 39.96 ± 10.41 years. Furthermore, the most frequent clinical diagnosis based on which the patients were admitted included bipolar I disorder (manic phase) (29.7%) and schizophrenia (22.2%), respectively. The number of hospitalizations was significantly correlated with education level (0.013), marital status (0.012), residential location (0.049), intervals between admissions (0.009), follow-up pattern (<0.001), and treatment pattern (<0.001).

Conclusion:
As evidenced by the results of the present study, clinical diagnosis, education level, marital status, residential location, intervals between admissions, treatment patterns, and follow-up patterns of patients were effective in the frequency of recurrent hospitalization in patients with mental disorders.
Functional Disability among Middle-aged Adults in India
Authors: Peltzer Karl 
Published: February 2024

Introduction:
There is a lack of research in investigating functional disability (FD) among middle-aged populations. The aim of the study was to estimate the prevalence and correlates of FD among middle-aged persons in India.

Methods:
The national cross-sectional sample consisted of 34,098 persons (45–59 years) from the Longitudinal Aging Study in India Wave 1 in 2017–2018. FD was assessed with difficulties of six items in activities in daily living (ADL) and seven items in instrumental activities in daily living (IADL).

Results:
The prevalence of 0 ADL/IADL was 70.7%, 1 ADL/IADL 10.4%, and 2 or more ADL/IADL 18.9%. The overall prevalence of ADL difficulty was 9.9% and IADL difficulty 26.5%. In the adjusted logistic regression analysis, older age (55–59 years) (adjusted relative risk ratio: 1.45, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.23–1.70), having no education (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 1.79, 95% CI: 1.54–2.07), poor or fair self-rated health status (AOR: 2.06, 95% CI: 1.81–2.34), 2 or more chronic conditions (AOR: 1.67, 95% CI: 1.39–2.01), insomnia symptoms (AOR: 1.86, 95% CI: 1.57–2.20), major depressive disorder (AOR: 1.66, 95% CI: 1.39–1.99), physical pain (AOR: 1.42, 95% CI: 1.22–1.65), poor distant vision (AOR: 1.37, 95% CI: 1.17–1.62), hearing or ear problem (AOR: 1.39, 95% CI: 1.10–1.74), falls (AOR: 1.34, 95% CI: 1.15–1.55), and poor word recall (AOR: 1.60, 95% CI: 1.30–1.97) were positively associated with 2 or more ADL/IADL. In addition, male sex (AOR: 0.37, 95% CI: 0.31–0.45), and urban residence (AOR: 0.70, 95% CI: 0.58-0.84) were negatively associated with 2 or more ADL/IADL.

Conclusion:
Almost two in five middle-aged adults in India had 2 or more ADL/IADL and several associated factors were identified.
Using Occupational Therapy Process Addressing Sleep-Related Problems in Neurorehabilitation
Authors: Fan Chia-Wei , Drumheller Kathryn 
Published: February 2024

Introduction:
Sleep is one of the main occupations defined in the occupational therapy (OT) Practice Framework-4.

Methods:
A survey link was sent to registered OT practitioners in Florida (N = 14,978) in September 2019 through E-mail addresses obtained from the Florida Department of Health website. A convenience sample of 213 OT practitioners responded; the majority were female (87%), with 56% reporting over 10 years of experience treating patients with neurological disorders. The person-environment-occupation-performance (PEOP) OT process provided the guiding framework for the proposed model. Spearman's rho correlation coefficients determined the correlations between the variables of interest. Regression coefficients attained through hierarchical ordinal logistic regression estimated the log odds between the variables.

Results:
Therapists who wrote more sleep-oriented goals were predicted to use a greater variety of sleep-related assessments (odds ratio [OR] = 1.256; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.171–1.347). Furthermore, a greater repertoire of sleep interventions was predicted when more types of sleep assessments were utilized (OR = 2.134 (95% CI = 1.750–2.602); more clients expressed sleep-related concerns to the OT practitioners (OR = 1.207; 95% CI = 1.044–1.395); and when the OT practitioners worked in a greater number of clinical settings (OR = 1.308; 95% CI = 1.113–1.539).

Conclusion:
The findings confirmed that the PEOP model might guide the OT service process when addressing sleep-related problems in neurorehabilitation. However, variations between settings and environmental facilitators/barriers may also play a role in sleep-related interventions.
Welcome
Authors: Editorial Team  
Published: February 2024

Welcome to Volume 13, Issue 1 of The Toro Historical Review! Congratulations to the authors, and a special thank you to our student editorial team who has worked hard and continued to keep us on our regular publication schedule. Thank you!
This volume features four essays by history majors Priscilla Avitia, Tatiana Estrada, Johanna Morazan, and Donovan Wright. Originating with research projects in the History 490 capstone course, these essays represent a remarkable achievement in undergraduate research. Well done!
ANALISIS YURIDIS PENYERAHAN RUKO SEBAGAI OBJEK PERJANJIAN JUAL BELI AKIBAT WANPRESTASI (Studi Putusan Mahkamah Agung Nomor 329 K/Pdt/2019)
Authors: Hayati Winta 
Published: February 2024

Perjanjian pengikatan jual beli rumah toko (ruko) antara penjual dengan pembeli pastinya menimbulkan kewajiban bagi masing-masing pihak untuk melaksanakan prestasi tersebut. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian hukum yuridis normatif yakni penelitian yang dilakukan dengan cara mengacu pada norma-norma hukum yaitu meneliti terhadap bahan pustaka atau bahan sekunder. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif analisis yaitu penelitian yang menggambarkan, menelaah, menjelaskan serta menganalisa peraturan perundang-undangan. Analisis dalam penelitian ini dilakukan secara kualitatif. Bentuk wanprestasi dalam perjanjian jual beli hak atas 1 (satu) unit Ruko terletak di Komp. Ruko City Garden Blok B Nomor 5 Batam antara penjual dan pembeli berdasarkan Perjanjian Ikatan Jual beli Nomor 55 tertanggal 18 Maret 2014 dan Akta Jual Beli Nomor 661/2014 tanggal 21 Agustus 2014 penjual tidak menyerahkan objek perjanjian jual beli serta pengalihan hak berupa 1 (satu) unit Ruko terletak di Komp. Ruko City Garden Blok B Nomor 5 Batam kepada pembeli. Pertimbangan hukum dalam putusan Mahkamah Agung Nomor 329 K/Pdt/2019 adalah pembeli telah membayar lunas seluruh kewajiban selaku pembeli kepada sebagaimana dibuktikan tercantum dalam Perjanjian Ikatan Jual beli Nomor 55 tertanggal 18 Maret 2014 dan Akta Jual Beli Nomor 661/2014 tanggal 21 Agustus 2014 sehingga dengan adanya perjanjian pengalihan hak tersebut maka Ruko sebagai objek jual beli telah sah menjadi milik pembeli.
Effect of Audit Quality on Earnings Management Practices
Authors: Mwangi John 
Published: February 2024

Purpose: The aim of the study was to assess the effect of audit quality on earnings management practices.
Methodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries.
Findings: Research indicates that higher audit quality is associated with reduced earnings management practices. High-quality audits lead to improved financial reporting, fraud detection, and lower costs of capital. Market reactions are positive when reputable audit firms are involved. However, outcomes may vary by industry and country, depending on regulatory and institutional factors.
Implications to Theory, Practice and Policy: Agency theory, signaling theory and information risk and auditor reputation theory may be use to anchor future studies on assessing the effect of audit quality on earnings management practices. Audit firms should invest in ongoing training and professional development programs to enhance the skills and knowledge of auditors. Regulatory authorities should continue to strengthen their oversight of the audit profession. This includes periodically reviewing and updating auditing standards, enforcing compliance with auditing regulations, and imposing penalties for audit failures.
Challenges in the Adoption of Mobile Money Services by Mobile Phone Users in Lusaka, Zambia.
Authors: Nyika Andrew Mweemba 
Published: February 2024

Purpose: This study investigates mobile money adoption in Lusaka, Zambia, utilizing a mixed-methods approach.
Methodology: The study employs a mixed-methods approach to explore mobile money adoption in Lusaka, Zambia.
Findings: The study uncovers several key findings regarding mobile money adoption in Lusaka, Zambia. Convenience, ease of use, and perceived security emerge as primary motivators for adoption. Conversely, lack of understanding, perceived risk, and a preference for traditional banking methods are identified as major deterrents. Interestingly, cultural factors, such as religious beliefs, play a minimal role in adoption decisions. Demographic factors, including age, education level, and income, exhibit a complex interplay with adoption rates, with younger, more educated, and higher-income individuals generally more inclined to use mobile money.
Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice, and Policy: The study's findings contribute to both theory and practice in the field of mobile money adoption. They highlight the predominance of practical considerations over cultural factors in technology adoption, suggesting the need for enhanced adoption models that go beyond traditional socio-economic determinants. Additionally, the study identifies technological discomfort as a significant deterrent to adoption, indicating a need for improved digital literacy and user-friendly interfaces. Furthermore, an awareness-confidence paradox is revealed, wherein increased awareness of cyber scams negatively impacts trust in mobile money security. This suggests the importance of balancing risk education with strong security reassurances. Fee perception also emerges as a hurdle, with over 60% of respondents perceiving fees as unfair, underscoring the importance of educating users on the value proposition of mobile money services. Overall, the study offers valuable insights for strategic product and service development, regulatory and policy formulation, and initiatives aimed at advancing financial inclusion and promoting economic growth in similar urban and semi-rural settings.