bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EXAMINATION OF EXPERIMENTAL DATA SAMPLES FOR THE PRESENCE OF OUTLIERS: COMPARISON OF METHODS
Authors: Potanina T. V. , Mykhaylenko I. V. 
Published: December 2023

The task of detecting outliers (misses, abnormalous values, results that stand out sharply, results that have come off) is one of the most relevant, complex and ambiguous in the experimental materialprocessing. Such values are the experiment results, which are abnormally far from other points from a series of parallel observations.
The source of emissions is often measurement errors. Among these are incorrect recording of the experiment results, possible incorrect coding of data, incorrect conduct of the experiment, etc. Gross errors occur in the event of a sudden change in the conditions of conducting the research, malfunctions in the operation of the equipment, etc.
At the same time, outliers may indicate an unexpected, extraordinary behavior of the measured value – a yet-to-be-explained property process manifestation. And that's why an analysis using reliable mathematical tools is needed.
The methods of detecting emissions are diverse and numerous. Parametric tests are more sensitive to the sample size and to the population values probability distribution. Non-parametric tests are more flexible and can be applied if the non-normal distributon of the sample or the sample size is small; such criteria give a better result in asymmetric distributions, because they use the median instead of the mean; they can be applied to ordinal or nominal data, as well as in the situation of an aberrant outlier value.
Interval analysis methods, in particular interval statistics, are an alternative flexible toolkit for obtaining a more accurate and complete analysis of experimental data in the incomplete information, noise presence, measurement outliers, and the presence of abnormalous and aberrant points.
A comparison of the results of the application of parametric criteria (-criterion, -criterion, Lvovskyi) and non-parametric criteria (the box-and-whiskers-plot) for detecting emissions, as well as calculation using interval statistics methods, was carried out. One of the outliers was determined by the non-parametric criterion, the -criterion and the procedure for detecting a single outlier using interval methods. Two values are suspicious outliers using the box-whisker rule and the interval statistics recognition algorithm.
The methods of detecting outliers using interval analysis methods are no less effective than the use of non-parametric tests.
Combined Lateral Closing and Medial Opening-Wedge Proximal Humerus Osteotomy in an Adolescent with Extreme Varus Deformity
Authors: Oeding Jacob F. , Jacobson Nathan J. , Wentworth Adam J. , Sems Stephen A. , Stans Anthony A. , Barlow Jonathan D. 
Published: December 2023

Case:
This report describes the case of an athletic 12-year-old boy who presented with a 64° left proximal humeral varus angulation deformity and physeal bar secondary to multiple operations for a proximal humeral metaphyseal cystic lesion and pathologic fracture. Using a combined lateral closing and medial opening-wedge osteotomy, a 68° valgus correction was achieved with excellent clinical and functional outcomes at 16-month follow-up. Forward flexion increased from 120 to 170° preoperatively to postoperatively while abduction improved from 110° preoperatively to 170° postoperatively.

Conclusion:
A combined lateral closing and medial opening-wedge osteotomy of the proximal humerus can successfully treat cases of extreme proximal humerus varus in the growing shoulder where unilateral or dome osteotomies are not suitable.
Identification of Candidate Genes in QTL Regions for Biochemical Traits Underlying salt Response in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) at the Seedling Stage
Authors: khakshoor elina nazari , azadi amin , Frozesh Peyman , Etminan Alireza , Hervan Eslam Majidi 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Salinity stress is one of the most important environmental limiting factors in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production and developing new salt-tolerant varieties is extremely important. Identification of genes and mechanisms involved in salinity tolerance for molecular modification of this plant is essential In the present study, 186 F12 recombinant inbred lines (RIL) populations were evaluated to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for phenotypic and biochemical characteristics in seedling stage under salt-stress conditions. In total, 21 main-effect QTLs were identified using composite interval mapping (CIM) analysis for antioxidant activity, total protein content and proline, 21 QTL including different traits were detected on 1A1, 4A, 1B, 2B1, 2B2,2B3,3B, 5B1, 6B1, 6B2, 1D and 2D. Candidate genes were identified within QTL regions and gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis was performed. In total, 10976 candidate genes (CG) were grouped into 99 GO terms (including 59 GO terms involved in the biological process category). Gene prioritization led to the determination of 236 CG, which were involved in hydrogen peroxide catabolic، antioxidant activity، hydrogen peroxide metabolic process، reactive oxygen species metabolic process، metabolic process، catabolic process، monocarboxylic acid metabolic process، regulation of biological quality oxidative stress ، regulation of the biological process, etc. This approach may be proposed to identify new CGs whose corresponding QTL is responsible for complex traits.
Exome sequencing on 20 probands with early-onset high myopia: identify variants in Retnet genes and interacting of genes in the candidate genes
Authors: Li Hui-Ping , Ren Ying-Hua , Wang Xiaoguang , Ma Mei-Jiao , Lian Yuan-Yuan , Rui Xue , Cheng Wan-Yu , Huang Xiao-Yu , Yang Shang-Ying , Fang Xin-He , Ke Fa-Yong , Sheng Xun-Lun 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Purpose To expand our knowledge of the genetic basis of early-onset high myopia (eoHM), we performed a whole exome sequencing (WES) study to analyze the pathogenic gene variants in patients with eoHM.
Methods 20 probands from unrelated families with the first sign of eoHM as well as their parents were enrolled in this study. All participants received comprehensive ophthalmic examinations. Variants were detected by WES. The candidate pathogenic variants were selected by multistep bioinformatics analyses. The protein-protein interaction (PPIs) network analysis with STRING and k mean clustering was applied for detecting the interacting of genes in the candidate genes and the ClusPro Server was used for protein-protein docking.
Results Pathogenic variants were detected in 12 Retnet genes including EYS, ABCA4, USH2A, RP1, CYP4V2, BBS7, RHO, CRB1, CNGA1, RP2, CACNA1F, RPGR, all which were related to eoHM with retinitis pigmentosa (RP). Among them, the variants in X-linked genes accounted for 45%, including RPGR, RP2, and CACNA1F, of which variants in RPGR (30%) were the most common. Of 20 probands, 5 showed simple eoHM, 13 RP with eoHM and 2 syndromic RP with eoHM. The PPIs network analysis revealed that among the 12 candidate genes, 7 genes belong to the hub genes including EYS, ABCA4,USH2A, CRB1, CNGA1, CACNA1F, and RPGR. Among them, RPGR was the most important gene that connects 11 nodes in 13 nodes of STRING network with ARR3 gene, a well-known gene to be associated with eoHM, being included. The clustering analysis showed that 13 nodes belong to 3 clusters. Cluster I was G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway interacting with cluster II enriched in microtubule organization and responsible for regulation of transport in primary retinal cilia. Protein-protein docking showed the protein encoded by ARR3 bind to the protein encoded by RPGR and Rho genes.
Conclusion High myopia was considered as an earlier feature of RP patients from variations in some known genes responsible for RP accompanied by HM. PPIs network analysis revealed important modules of gene interacting and RPGR-ARR3-Rho complex was potentially related to high myopia development. Our study presented a new perspective on the pathological mechanism of eoHM and provided new insight and enlightenment for the future research on the molecular genetics of eoHM.
The Prolonged Impact of Early-Life Antibiotics Exposure on 81 Common Diseases: Evidence from Epidemiology, Genetics, and Causality
Authors: Jiang Yuhan , Guo Ju , Yao Xueming , Wang Zixuan , Xia Ruiwen , Li Jun Mulin , Wang Hongxi , Zou Yingxue 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background:
The widespread administration of antibiotics to children has prompted concerns regarding the potential adverse effects associated with their use. Early-life exposure to antibiotics has been linked with various health issues, including gastrointestinal disorders, dermatological conditions, and asthma. However, previous studies exhibit certain constraints regarding its scope and ability to establish causal relationships between early-life antibiotics exposure and health complications. This study aimed to systematically investigate the long-lasting effects of antibiotics on various systemic diseases, providing epidemiological and genetic evidence.
Methods:
Leveraging electronic hospital records, questionnaire data, and genotype data in UK Biobank, we examined 158,391 individuals with documented early-life antibiotics exposure to comprehensively analyze the associations between early antibiotics exposure and systemic diseases. We initiated an observational study scrutinizing the links between antibiotics usage and various diseases. Subsequently, eight Mendelian randomization methods were employed to meticulously account for confounding variables and investigate potential causality. Moreover, genetic correlation analyses were conducted to validate these associations from a genetic perspective. Eventually, colocalization analyses were performed to identify shared genetic structures among them.
Results:
In our observational study involving 81 common diseases, our findings revealed significnat associations between the exposure to antibiotics during early life and 45 diseases, after correcting the false discovery rate. Among these, 11 diseases demonstrated causal evidence. These diseases include type-2 diabetes (OR = 1.27 [1.18,1.36], P = 4.8×10− 11), depression (OR = 1.77 [1.67,1.89], P = 2.2×10− 72), inflammatory bowel disease (OR = 1.28 [1.14,1.45], P = 6.2×10− 5), polymyalgia rheumatica (OR = 1.28 [1.07,1.53], P = 6.4×10− 3), giant cell arteritis (OR = 1.55 [1.12, 2.14], P = 7.5×10− 3), chronic tonsil and adenoid diseases (OR = 2.13 [1.73, 2.62], P = 1.3×10− 12), other upper respiratory conditions (OR = 1.4 [1.24,1.59], P = 9.7×10− 8), hordeolum and other deep inflammation of the eyelid (OR = 2.13 [1.32,3.41], P = 1.80×10− 3), sciatica (OR = 1.54 [1.35,1.76], P = 8.30×10− 11), cystitis (OR = 1.51 [1.31,1.74], P = 8.10×10− 9), and bronchiectasis (OR = 2.7 [2.37,3.06], P = 9.7×10− 52), and 5 of these had genetic correlations. Additionally, we identified common pleiotropic genetic loci linking antibiotics exposure to these 5 diseases.
Conclusions:
The study unveiled the enduring and detrimental effects of prolonged antibiotic usage during early life, which can potentially result in the development of diseases across multiple bodily systems, either directly or indirectly.
Involving Lived Experience in regional efforts to address gambling-related harms: going beyond ‘window dressing’ and ‘tick box exercises’
Authors: Jenkins Catherine L. , Mills Thomas , Grimes James , Bland Colin , Reavey Paula , Wills Jane , Sykes Susie 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background
Lived Experience (LE) involvement has been shown to improve interventions across diverse sectors. Yet LE contributions to public health approaches to address gambling-related harms remain underexplored, despite notable detrimental health and social outcomes linked to gambling. This paper analyses the potential of LE involvement in public health strategy to reduce gambling-related harms. It focuses on the example of a UK city-region gambling harms reduction intervention that presented multiple opportunities for LE input.
Methods
Three focus groups and 33 semi-structured interviews were conducted to hear from people with and without LE who were involved in the gambling harms reduction intervention, or who had previous experience of LE-informed efforts for reducing gambling-related harms. People without LE provided reflections on the value and contributions of others’ LE to their work. Data analysis combined the Framework Method with themes developed inductively (from people’s accounts) and deductively (from the literature, including grey literature).
Results
Four themes were identified: (1) personal journeys to LE involvement; (2) the value added by LE to interventions for reducing gambling-related harms; (3) emotional impacts on people with LE; and (4) collective LE and diverse lived experiences. Two figures outlining LE involvement specific to gambling harms reduction in the UK, where public health efforts aimed at reducing gambling-related harms coexist with industry-funded programmes, are proposed.
Conclusions
Integrating a range of LE perspectives in a public health approach to gambling harms reduction requires local access to involvement for people with LE via diverse routes that are free from stigma and present people with LE with options in how they can engage and be heard in decision-making and operate in relation to industry influence. Involving LE in gambling harms reduction requires enabling people to develop the affective and critical skills necessary to navigate complex emotional journeys and a challenging commercial and policy environment.
Improved model predictive control of permanent magnet synchronous motor based on lumped disturbance compensation
Authors: Huangfu Liqun , Cen Chen , Zhang Tao 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This paper proposes an improved finite control set model predictive current control (FCS-MPC) for permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM), including the use of a sliding mode observer for full electromagnetic parameter disturbance compensation and duty cycle control. First, a PMSM prediction model containing lumped disturbances was established. Second, a sliding mode observer is designed to estimate the lumped perturbation and compensate it to the reference voltage. The reference voltage is obtained based on the deadbeat principle and requires further constraints to obtain the optimal basic voltage vector. Then, a voltage-based cost function is constructed to calculate the duration of the non-zero optimal voltage vector and output the amplitude of the duty cycle adjustment voltage. Finally, experiments verify the effectiveness of the proposed FCS-MPC in improving robustness and steady-state performance.
Numerical results and dynamics of chaotic attractors through fractal-fractional derivatives with power law kernel
Authors: Panda Sumati Kumari , Velusamy Vijayakumar , AkgülAkg¨Akgül Ali , Khan Ilyas , Niazai Shafiullah 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This work analyzes the chaotic system dynamics based on a circuit design using the recently established Fractal-Fractional derivative with a power law kernel. The fractal-fractional derivative with a power law kernel generalizes the traditional nonlinear, coupled ordinary differential equations that are used to model the problem. In addition, a number of theoretical analysis have been computed, including the existence, uniqueness, and numerical analysis of the system. Thereafter, a numerical method employing MATLAB software is used to investigate the non-linear fractal-fractional order system. Three-dimensional phase portraits and two-dimensional graphs are used to illustrate the graphical solutions.
Preliminary Study on Hand Dimensions as Potential Predictors of Ethnicity of Female Populations in the Forest and Savanna Zones of Ghana
Authors: Bimpong Samuel , Abaidoo Chrissie Stansie , Tetteh Joshua , Sarkodie Francis Kofi , Adjei-Antwi Collins , Nketsiah James , Appiah Atta Kusi , Diby Thomas K. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background: The hand is a versatile structure that performs numerous tasks, ranging from exertion of great force such as grip, pinch and torque to execution of precise fine motor skills.
Objective: The aim of current study was to undertake a preliminary study on hand dimensions as potential predictors of ethnicity of female populations in the forest and savanna zones of Ghana.
Methods: A total of one hundred (100) female students aged between 17 – 24 years were recruited into this study, comprising of 53 Akans from the forest zone and 47 Northerners from savanna zone of Ghana between 12th June to 27th July, 2023 at the Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology.
Results: Statistically significant positive correlation was observed between left hand length and right hand length (R = 0.923, p = 0.000). Binary regression model indicated that right hand breadth was nearly two and half folds likely to predict Akan ethnicity (OR=2.46, 95%CI [0.29, 20.93]).
Conclusion: The study observed significant differences in right and left hands breadths dimensions among the Akans and Northerners from the forest and savanna zones of Ghana.
Effects of robotic-assisted early mobilization versus conventional mobilization in intensive care unit patients: The MobiStaR trial
Authors: Huebner Lucas , Warmbein Angelika , Scharf Christina , Schroeder Ines , Manz Kirsi , Rathgeber Ivanka , Gutmann Marcus , Biebl Johanna , Mehler-Klamt Amrei , Huber Jana , Eberl Inge , Kraft Eduard , Fischer Uli , Zoller Michael 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background
Approximately one in three survivors of critical illness suffers from intensive-care-unit-acquired weakness (ICUAW), which increases mortality and impairs quality of life. By specifically counteracting one of the known risk factors of immobilization, active mobilization may mitigate ICUAW and its negative effects on patients’ outcomes. In this single-center trial, the effect of robotic-assisted early mobilization in the intensive care unit (ICU) on patients’ outcomes was investigated.
Methods
We enrolled 16 adults scheduled for lung transplantation to receive 20 minutes of robotic-assisted early mobilization and verticalization twice daily during their first week in the ICU if deemed feasible by the treating team (intervention group: IG). A control group (CG) of 13 conventionally mobilized patients after lung transplantation was recruited retrospectively. Outcome measures included the duration of mechanical ventilation, length of ICU stay, muscle parameters evaluated by ultrasound, and quality of life after three months. Statistical analysis was performed using the Kaplan–Meier method and linear mixed models.
Results
During the first week in the ICU, the intervention group received a mean of 5.6 (standard deviation ± 2.9) robotic-assisted sessions of early mobilization and verticalization. There were no statistically significant differences in the duration of mechanical ventilation (IG: median 126 vs. CG: 78 hours), length of ICU stay (IG: 14 vs. CG: 8 days), muscle parameters evaluated by ultrasound, and quality of life after three months between the IG and CG.
Conclusion
In this study, robotic-assisted early mobilization was successfully implemented in the ICU setting. No significant differences in patients’ outcomes were observed between conventional and robotic-assisted mobilization, a new option for early mobilization in the ICU. However, randomized and larger studies are necessary to validate the adequacy of robotic mobilization in other cohorts.
Trial registration
This single-center interventional trial was registered in clinicaltrials.gov as NCT05071248 on 27/08/2021.
Effect of catechol/polyamine modification of waste brick powder followed by grafting of epoxy elastomers on natural rubber composites
Authors: Zhao Meng , Duan Hao , Zhang Su , Han Linfeng , Peng Keyu , Jing Yuan , Lin Guangyi 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The aim of this study is to explore a method for modifying waste brick powder (WBP) in order to reapply it to rubber products for effective resource recycling. Firstly, we use the auto polymerisation of catechol/polyamine (CPA) on the surface of WBP to form a poly catechol/polyamine (PCPA) coating as an intermediate reaction platform. And then the macromolecular modifier, epoxy-functionalized elastomer (ethylene vinyl acetate-glycidyl methacrylate terpolymer) (EVMG), is further grafted onto the PCPA coating to prepare the WBP@EVMG hybrid materials. During the preparation of the WBP@EVMG hybrid materials, a ring-opening reaction between the amine group of PCPA and the epoxy group of EVMG occurs. The NR/WBP@EVMG composites are prepared by mechanical blending. The interfacial interactions between WBP@EVMG and NR are analyzed and verified in detail by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and rubber process analyzer (RPA). It is shown that the modified NR/WBP composites show increased vulcanization rate and better mechanical properties, and the tensile strength, abrasion resistance, cracking strength, and wet slip resistance of NR/WBP@EVMG-15 are increased by 29%, 6%, 16%, and 11%, respectively, compared with that of NR/WBP composites, which provides a unique idea for the reuse of waste brick powder in rubber.
A topological analysis of the bonding interaction within the tri-nuclear heterometallic cluster [CoMoRu(µ3-S) (CO)8(Cp)COOCH3],(Cp= η5-C5H4)
Authors: Al-Karaawi Ali Abdulhasan Rasool , Al-Ibadi Muhsen Abood Muhsen 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The tri-nuclear heterometallic tetrahedral cluster [CoMoRu(µ3-S)(CO)8(Cp)COOCH3], (Cp = η5-C5H4) in question was studied using the atoms in molecules quantum theory (QTAIM) to examine bonding interactions such as M-M, M-S, M-CO, and M-Cp. The electron density of bonding interactions within the cluster has its topological properties calculated based on this theory. Interestingly, the local topological parameters calculated for the Mo–Ru bond differ considerably from those of Mo-Co, and Ru-Co interactions, for which bond critical points and bond paths were not observed. Bridging sulfide ligands significantly impacted the electron density distribution of Mo…Co, and Ru…Co interactions more than Mo-Ru bond. The topological properties of the latter bond were characteristic of open-shell metal–metal interactions, with small positive values of ρb and ∇2ρb, and small negative values of Hb close to 0. The core part, [CoMoRu(µ3-S], was found to have a multicenter 4c–6e interaction. In this core, the three M-S bonds between the metal atoms and the sulfide ligand showed similar topological parameters that were typical of open-shell (covalent) interactions. A significant CO to M π-back donation was found by performing the Source Function and δ(M…OCO) delocalization index calculations.
ACL-DUNet: A tumor segmentation method based on multiple attention and densely connected breast ultrasound images
Authors: Zhang Hao , He Liang , Guo Wenjia , Ma Jing , Sun Gang , Ma Hongbing 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women. Breast masses are one of the distinctive signs for diagnosing breast cancer, and ultrasound is widely used for screening as a non-invasive and effective method for breast examination. The accurate measurement and characterization of different breast tumors play a crucial role in guiding clinical decision-making. The area and shape of the different breast tumors detected are critical for clinicians to make accurate diagnostic decisions. In this study, a deep learning method for mass segmentation in breast ultrasound images is proposed, which uses densely connected U-net with attention gates (AGs) as well as channel attention modules and scale attention modules for accurate breast tumor segmentation .The densely connected network is employed in the encoding stage to enhance the network's feature extraction capabilities. Three attention modules are integrated in the decoding stage to better capture the most relevant features. After validation on two publicly available breast ultrasound datasets, the experimental results demonstrate that our method achieves favorable performance compared to other deep learning approaches.