bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Labor protection and enterprise digital transformation: A quasi‐natural experiment based on the enforcement of Social Insurance Law in China
Authors: Bi Wenjing , Li Yifei , Zhang Xiaotao , Zhong Tenglong 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis study examines the impact of Social Insurance Law in 2011 on enterprises' digital transformation, using a quasi‐natural experiment with difference‐in‐differences method. Implementation of the law contributes to enterprises' digital transformation. Mechanism tests reveal that implementation of the law promotes enterprise digital transformation by increasing labor costs. Heterogeneity analysis demonstrates that nonstate enterprises, enterprises with weaker financing constraints, and mature enterprises experience a more pronounced impact of the law. Enterprises in regions with highly integrated digital development and those in industries with a high level of digital transformation are more affected by the law.
Regionalization of the vertebral column and its correlation with heart position in snakes: Implications for evolutionary pathways and morphological diversification
Authors: Hampton Paul M. , Meik Jesse M. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractSpinal regionalization has important implications for the evolution of vertebrate body plans. We determined the variation in the number and morphology of vertebrae across the vertebral column (i.e., vertebral formula) for 63 snake species representing 13 families using intracolumnar variation in vertebral shape. Vertebral counts were used to determine the position of the heart, pylorus, and left kidney for each species. Across all species we observed a conspicuous midthoracic transition in vertebral shape, indicating four developmental domains of the precloacal vertebral column (cervical, anterior thoracic, posterior thoracic, and lumbar). Using phylogenetic analyses, the boundary between the anterior and posterior thoracic vertebrae was correlated with heart position. No associations were found between shifts in morphology of the vertebral column and either the pylorus or left kidney. We observed that among taxa, the number of preapex and postapex vertebrae could change independently from one another and from changes in the total number of precloacal vertebrae. Ancestral state reconstruction of the preapex and postapex vertebrae illustrated several evolutionary pathways by which diversity in the vertebral column and heart position have been attained. In addition, no conspicuous pattern was observed among the heart, pylorus, or kidney indicating that their relative positions to each other evolve independently. We conclude that snakes exhibit four morphologically distinct regions of the vertebral column. We discuss the implications of the forebody and hindbody vertebral formula on the morphological diversification of snakes.
Mechanisms of dental injuries in basketball, United States, 2003–2022
Authors: Liang Lang , Chuang Sung‐Kiang 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackground/AimOral injuries such as oral soft tissue lacerations and contusions can occur in basketball by mechanisms such as running into other players or falling. Given a high enough impact force, dental injuries such as tooth fractures and avulsions can occur. Previous research has studied the different types of oral injuries as well as the mechanisms that cause them. Yet, the mechanisms resulting in dental injuries have remained unexplored. The aims of this study were to investigate the distribution of different oral injuries within each injury mechanism and evaluate which mechanisms were most likely to lead to a dental injury.Materials and MethodsThis is a retrospective cohort study using the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS). Subjects who experienced oral injuries from basketball between January 1, 2003 and December 31, 2022 were included in this study. The independent variable was the injury mechanism. The dependent variable was the dental injury outcome (yes/no). Multivariate logistic regression was used to measure the association between the injury mechanism and the dental injury outcome. A p < .05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsThis study included 4419 subjects who experienced oral injuries (national estimate, 138,980). Approximately 14.7% of oral injuries were dental injuries. Subjects experiencing collisions with objects such as walls or the basketball hoop (odds ratio (OR), 4.39; p < .001), falls (OR, 3.35; p < .001), or contact with the basketball (OR, 1.77; p = .006) had significantly higher odds of sustaining a dental injury relative to those experiencing contact with another player.ConclusionsBasketball players experiencing contact to the mouth have high odds of sustaining a dental injury. An understanding of injury mechanisms is important for medical teams to manage these injuries and for coaches to educate athletes on safe and proper playing styles. Furthermore, healthcare providers and basketball staff should encourage athletes to wear mouthguards to reduce the risk of traumatic dental injuries.
Influence of the incorporation of small‐group practical seminars to a traditional lecture for the understanding of root canal morphology classification systems
Authors: Pérez‐Higueras Juan José , Oteo Beatriz , Gancedo‐Caravia Lucía , Arias Ana 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIntroductionThis study aimed to assess if the incorporation of small‐group practical seminars into a traditional lecture format improved the understanding and learning of the root canal classification systems in undergraduate students.Materials and MethodsA small‐group practical seminar was designed for 3rd year undergraduate students. The seminar consisted of the analysis of a guided summary of root canal morphology classifications, a participative discussion of several cases and drawing exercises of several internal anatomies based on the different classifications in templates presenting the external anatomy of different dental groups. Students were inquired about their perspectives on the different classifications and the learning strategies with an anonymous questionnaire. The knowledge acquired was assessed in an exam. The scores obtained were compared using the Mann–Whitney U‐test with those obtained in the cohort of the previous year in which only the traditional lecture was delivered.ResultsStudents' scores (mean = 7.7; SD = 2.5) were significantly higher (p = .006) than those from the previous cohort (mean = 6.9; SD = 2.3). Most students agreed that Ahmed's classification system was the most complete (98.8%) and intuitive (84%), but also the most difficult to understand (67%). All the students believed that the learning activity helped them understand the new classification system.ConclusionThe incorporation of small‐group practical seminars into traditional lecture improved the understanding and learning of root canal configurations in undergraduate students. Students rated the classification system suggested by Ahmed et al. as the most complete and intuitive out of the three systems, but also the most difficult to learn.
Host–pathogen interactions under pressure: A review and meta‐analysis of stress‐mediated effects on disease dynamics
Authors: Vicente‐Santos Amanda , Willink Beatriz , Nowak Kacy , Civitello David J. , Gillespie Thomas R. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractHuman activities have increased the intensity and frequency of natural stressors and created novel stressors, altering host–pathogen interactions and changing the risk of emerging infectious diseases. Despite the ubiquity of such anthropogenic impacts, predicting the directionality of outcomes has proven challenging. Here, we conduct a review and meta‐analysis to determine the primary mechanisms through which stressors affect host–pathogen interactions and to evaluate the impacts stress has on host fitness (survival and fecundity) and pathogen infectivity (prevalence and intensity). We assessed 891 effect sizes from 71 host species (representing seven taxonomic groups) and 78 parasite taxa from 98 studies. We found that infected and uninfected hosts had similar sensitivity to stressors and that responses varied according to stressor type. Specifically, limited resources compromised host fecundity and decreased pathogen intensity, while abiotic environmental stressors (e.g., temperature and salinity) decreased host survivorship and increased pathogen intensity, and pollution increased mortality but decreased pathogen prevalence. We then used our meta‐analysis results to develop susceptible–infected theoretical models to illustrate scenarios where infection rates are expected to increase or decrease in response to resource limitations or environmental stress gradients. Our results carry implications for conservation and disease emergence and reveal areas for future work.
Scoping review and expert‐based consensus recommendations for assessment and management of psychogenic non‐epileptic (functional) seizures (PNES) in children: A report from the Pediatric Psychiatric Issues Task Force of the International League Against Epilepsy
Authors: Reilly Colin , Jette Nathalie , Johnson Emma C. , Kariuki Symon M. , Meredith Francesca , Wirrell Elaine , Mula Marco , Smith Mary Lou , Walsh Samantha , Fong Choong Yi , Wilmshurst Jo M. , Kerr Mike , Valente Kette , Auvin Stephane 
Published: October 2023

AbstractLimited guidance exists regarding the assessment and management of psychogenic non‐epileptic seizures (PNES) in children. Our aim was to develop consensus‐based recommendations to fill this gap. The members of the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) Task Force on Pediatric Psychiatric Issues conducted a scoping review adhering to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA‐SR) standards. This was supplemented with a Delphi process sent to pediatric PNES experts. Consensus was defined as ≥80% agreement. The systematic search identified 77 studies, the majority (55%) of which were retrospective (only one randomized clinical trial). The primary means of PNES identification was video electroencephalography (vEEG) in 84% of studies. Better outcome was associated with access to counseling/psychological intervention. Children with PNES have more frequent psychiatric disorders than controls. The Delphi resulted in 22 recommendations: Assessment—There was consensus on the importance of (1) taking a comprehensive developmental history; (2) obtaining a description of the events; (3) asking about potential stressors; (4) the need to use vEEG if available parent, self, and school reports and video recordings can contribute to a “probable” diagnosis; and (5) that invasive provocation techniques or deceit should not be employed. Management—There was consensus about the (1) need for a professional with expertise in epilepsy to remain involved for a period after PNES diagnosis; (2) provision of appropriate educational materials to the child and caregivers; and (3) that the decision on treatment modality for PNES in children should consider the child's age, cognitive ability, and family factors. Comorbidities—There was consensus that all children with PNES should be screened for mental health and neurodevelopmental difficulties. Recommendations to facilitate the assessment and management of PNES in children were developed. Future directions to fill knowledge gaps were proposed.
Grooming reciprocation in Himalayan tahr and the cognitive constraint hypothesis
Authors: Schino Gabriele , Manzoni Carola , Di Giovanni Massimiliano 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe cognitive constraint hypothesis maintains reciprocity is rare among animals because it requires cognitive capabilities that are rare, if not absent, in animals. In particular, it suggests that temporal discounting, limited memory, and limited capability of complex calculations make long‐term reciprocation essentially impossible for animals. The cognitive constraint hypothesis therefore predicts that, if reciprocity ever occurs in animals, it should always be immediate. In this study, we tested for long‐term reciprocation in Himalayan tahr (Hemitragus jemlahicus), a species that is not notable for its advanced cognitive capabilities. We showed that tahr are able to reciprocate grooming over extended time periods, that is, that they groom preferentially those individuals from which they receive more grooming even when all cases of immediate reciprocation are excluded from analysis. These results do not support the cognitive constraint hypothesis. We note the cognitive constraint hypothesis makes two silent assumptions: that all reciprocation is necessarily calculated and that it is based on partner control processes. We suggest these assumptions are unwarranted, and that most group living animals base their ability to reciprocate on emotionally based partner choice.
An empirical study of blockchain‐based models of interest margin of secondary capital bond issuance in the internet of things environment
Authors: Xu Zheng , Dai Yuzan , Liu Ji 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe emergence of blockchain technology and the Internet of Things has improved the efficiency and quality of social production, thus accelerating the speed of economic development. The calculation of issue spreads for Tier 2 capital bonds, mainly using a centralized settlement system, ignores the transparency of the data and leads to a high degree of uncertainty in the results of issue spread analysis. The current status of secondary capital bond issuance is analysed and a conceptual definition of blockchain and secondary capital bond is completed as the theoretical support for the subsequent empirical study. Bond issuance data are collected within the wind database as empirical research data, and ordinary bonds are selected as the reference object to put forward three empirical research hypotheses. Utilizing the bond issuance spread research model centered on the blockchain model for empirical analysis, the research results show that the secondary capital bond issuance spread is significantly lower than ordinary bonds.
Parenting beliefs in ultra‐orthodox families in Israel: The integration of structure and support
Authors: Ganz Zev 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to explore the parenting beliefs of large ultra‐orthodox families living in Israel within the context of religion, culture, and large family size.BackgroundThe ultra‐orthodox community in Israel represents a growing and insular population. Little research has been done exploring the nature of parenting beliefs in this community. In particular, the opinions of children on this topic have been neglected in the literature.MethodA qualitative design using semistructured interviews was used as the primary research instrument. The study sample consisted of 25 individuals from five ultra‐orthodox families. All members of the family above age 10 were interviewed.ResultsParents focused on the individuality of their children and made efforts to provide individualized attention to them. These intentions existed alongside a strong emphasis from both parents and children on hierarchy and respect for elders. These beliefs were identified as “Torah values” and were understood to originate within a religious framework with divine origin.ConclusionClinical and research implications of the findings are discussed. Participants supported a framework that emphasized the Euro‐American parenting values of individuality and support but did not include democratic elements of child–parent interaction. Instead, hierarchical beliefs that reinforced family hierarchy and obedience from children predominated.ImplicationsIn ultra‐orthodox households in Israel, firm boundaries and strict hierarchy should not be associated with low levels of warmth and attunement. A lack of tolerance for difference is not necessarily an indication of an absence of appreciation of individuality.
Low‐cycle fatigue life prediction of powder metallurgy superalloy considering characteristic parameters of inclusions
Authors: Feng Yefei , Zhang Lu , Wang Yuzhuo , Yu Zhiwei , Jiang Rong , Zhou Xiaoming , Zou Jinwen , Wang Xuqing 
Published: October 2023

AbstractForeign non‐metallic inclusions can significantly reduce the low‐cycle fatigue (LCF) life of powder metallurgy (PM) superalloy and greatly affect the safety and reliability of aeroengines. In this paper, LCF experiments on PM FGH96 superalloy with and without inclusions were conducted. Effects of inclusions on the fatigue life and damage mechanism of FGH96 alloy are discussed by fractography analysis. Parameters related to inclusion characteristics such as strength–inclusion coefficient are proposed. By introducing characteristic parameters of inclusions, the LCF life prediction models are established based on the Manson–Coffin relationship, which significantly improved the prediction accuracy and reduced the scattering band by a factor of 2.
Drivers of habitat availability for terrestrial mammals: Unravelling the role of livestock, land conversion and intrinsic traits in the past 50 years
Authors: Pacifici Michela , Cristiano Andrea , Lumbierres Maria , Lucherini Mauro , Mallon David , Meijaard Erik , Solari Sergio , Tognelli Marcelo F. , Belant Jerrold L. , Butynski Thomas M. , Cronin Drew , d'Huart Jean‐Pierre , Da Re Daniele , de Jong Yvonne A. , Dheer Arjun , Fei Li , Gallina Sonia , Goodrich John M. , Harihar Abishek , Lopez Gonzalez Carlos A. , King Sarah R. B. , Lewison Rebecca L. , de Melo Fabiano R. , Napolitano Constanza , Rahman Dede Aulia , Robinson Phillip T. , Robinson Timothy , Rondinini Carlo , Semiadi Gono , Strier Karen , Talebi Mauricio , Taylor William Andrew , Thiel‐Bender Christine , Ting Nelson , Wiesel Ingrid 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe global decline of terrestrial species is largely due to the degradation, loss and fragmentation of their habitats. The conversion of natural ecosystems for cropland, rangeland, forest products and human infrastructure are the primary causes of habitat deterioration. Due to the paucity of data on the past distribution of species and the scarcity of fine‐scale habitat conversion maps, however, accurate assessment of the recent effects of habitat degradation, loss and fragmentation on the range of mammals has been near impossible. We aim to assess the proportions of available habitat within the lost and retained parts of mammals' distribution ranges, and to identify the drivers of habitat availability. We produced distribution maps for 475 terrestrial mammals for the range they occupied 50 years ago and compared them to current range maps. We then calculated the differences in the percentage of ‘area of habitat’ (habitat available to a species within its range) between the lost and retained range areas. Finally, we ran generalized linear mixed models to identify which variables were more influential in determining habitat availability in the lost and retained parts of the distribution ranges. We found that 59% of species had a lower proportion of available habitat in the lost range compared to the retained range, thus hypothesizing that habitat loss could have contributed to range declines. The most important factors negatively affecting habitat availability were the conversion of land to rangeland and high density of livestock. Significant intrinsic traits were those related to reproductive timing and output, habitat breadth and medium body size. Our findings emphasize the importance of implementing conservation strategies to mitigate the impacts caused by human activities on the habitats of mammals, and offer evidence indicating which species have the potential to reoccupy portions of their former range if other threats cease to occur.
Making remote sense of biodiversity: What grassland characteristics make spectral diversity a good proxy for taxonomic diversity?
Authors: Van Cleemput Elisa , Adler Peter , Suding Katharine Nash 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAimThe spectral variability hypothesis (SVH) predicts that spectral diversity, defined as the variability of radiation reflected from vegetation, increases with biodiversity. While confirmation of this hypothesis would pave the path for use of remote sensing to monitor biodiversity, support in herbaceous ecosystems is mixed. Methodological aspects related to scale have been the predominant explanation for the mixed support, yet biological characteristics that vary among herbaceous systems may also affect the strength of the relationship. Therefore, we examined the influence of three biological characteristics on the relationship between spectral and taxonomic diversity: vegetation density, spatial species turnover and invasion by non‐native species. We aimed to understand when and why spectral diversity may serve as an indicator of taxonomic diversity and be useful for monitoring.LocationContinental U.S.A.Time PeriodPeak greenness in 2017.Major Taxa StudiedGrassland and herbaceous ecosystems.MethodsFor nine herbaceous sites in the National Ecological Observatory Network, we calculated taxonomic diversity from field surveys of 20 m × 20 m plots and derived spectral diversity for those same plots from airborne hyperspectral imagery with a spatial resolution of 1 m. The strength of the taxonomic diversity–spectral diversity relationship at each site was subsequently assessed against measurements of vegetation density, spatial species turnover and invasion.ResultsWe found a significant relationship between taxonomic and spectral diversity at some, but not all, sites. Spectral diversity was more strongly related to taxonomic diversity in sites with high species turnover and low invasion, but vegetation density had no effect on the relationship.Main ConclusionsUsing spectral diversity as a proxy for taxonomic diversity in grasslands is possible in some circumstances but should not just be assumed based on the SVH. It is important to understand the biological characteristics of a community prior to considering spectral diversity to monitor taxonomic diversity.
Effectiveness and safety of the co‐administration of Yokukan‐San (Japanese herbal medicine) with antipsychotics in hospitalized older patients with pneumonia
Authors: Yokoyama Akira , Jo Taisuke , Sakamoto Yukiyo , Urushiyama Hirokazu , Tamiya Hiroyuki , Tanaka Goh , Kumazawa Ryosuke , Matsui Hiroki , Fushimi Kiyohide , Yasunaga Hideo , Nagase Takahide 
Published: October 2023

AimBehavioral and psychological symptoms and delirium frequently occur in hospitalized older patients with pneumonia and are associated with longer hospital stays. Yokukan‐San (YKS, traditional Japanese [Kampo] medicine) and antipsychotics are often used to treat delirium and behavioral and psychological symptoms in Japan. Hence, this study aimed to assess the effectiveness and safety of the co‐administration of YKS with atypical antipsychotics in older patients with pneumonia.MethodsWe used the Japanese Diagnosis Procedure Combination inpatient database to retrospectively identify older patients (≥65 years) hospitalized for pneumonia who received antipsychotics within 3 days of hospitalization. The patients were divided into two groups: those who received atypical antipsychotics alone (control group) and those who received both atypical antipsychotics and YKS (YKS group). We compared length of hospital stay, in‐hospital mortality, bone fractures, and administration of potassium products between the two groups using propensity score overlap weighting.ResultWe identified 4789 patients in the YKS group and 61 641 in the control group. After propensity score overlap weighting, length of hospital stay was statistically significantly shorter in the YKS group (percentage difference −3.0%; 95% confidence interval −5.8% to −0.3%). The proportion of patients who received potassium products was higher in the YKS group (odds ratio 1.34; 95% confidence interval 1.15–1.55). In‐hospital death and bone fractures were not significantly different.ConclusionCo‐administration of YKS with atypical antipsychotics could be a reasonable treatment option for hospitalized older patients with pneumonia and aggressive psychiatric symptoms. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2023; 23: 849–854.