bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Examining future changes in coastal low-level jet properties offshore California through dynamical downscaling
Authors: Juliano Timothy W , McGinnis Seth , Bukovsky Melissa S , Liu Ye , Brummet Thomas , Ellen Haupt Sue , Krishnamurthy Raghavendra 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The coastal low-level jet, or coastal low-level jet (CLLJ), is a synoptically-forced meteorological feature frequently present offshore the western United States (U.S.). Characterized by a wind speed maximum that resides at the top of the marine boundary layer, the CLLJ is largely controlled by the location and strength of the North Pacific High (NPH) as well as the coastal geometry. Considering the rich wind resource available in this offshore region, the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management identified wind energy lease areas offshore California and supported the deployment of two U.S. Department of Energy wind lidar buoys near Morro Bay and Humboldt. Despite our relatively good understanding of the fundamental mechanisms responsible for large-scale CLLJ properties offshore the western U.S., future changes in CLLJ characteristics are less clear. To address this research challenge, and ultimately to better inform future wind turbine deployments, we use simulations driven by three global climate models (GCMs). We apply self-organizing maps to the model outputs for a historical and two future climate periods to show the range of NPH regimes that support CLLJ conditions during the warm seasons, as well as the subtle contribution from land-falling cyclones approaching the mainland during the cold seasons. Compared to the historical period, the three GCM-driven simulations agree that CLLJ conditions will become more (less) prevalent from central California northward (southward). They agree less with respect to future changes in maximum CLLJ wind speeds and CLLJ heights. However, after considering model biases present during the historical period, wind speeds between the models are actually more similar during the 2070–2095 period than during the historical period. The potential combination of more frequent CLLJ conditions characterized by relatively consistent wind speeds occurring at lower heights across northern California suggests that the Humboldt lease area may be ideal for a long-term wind turbine deployment.
Study of attenuation characteristics for novel neonatal head phantom in diagnostic radiology using Monte Carlo simulations and experiments
Authors: Sekkat Hamza , Abdellah Khallouqi , El Rhazouani Omar , Madkouri Youssef , Halimi Abdellah 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This study presents the design and validation of a neonatal head phantom using innovative heterogeneous composite materials customized to replicate the x-ray attenuation properties of neonatal cranial structures. Analysis of Hounsfield Unit (HU) data from 338 neonatal head CT scans informed the design of epoxy resin-based composites with additives such as sodium bicarbonate, fumed silica, and acetone to simulate bone, brain matter, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and hyperdense abnormalities. The cranial bone substitute (60% epoxy resin, 40% sodium bicarbonate) achieved a density of 1.60 g cm−3, with HU values (574.67–608.04) closely matching clinical ranges. Brain matter (95% epoxy resin, 5% acetone) achieved HU values (35.27–43.61), aligning with clinical means, while the CSF-equivalent material (80% epoxy resin, 15% fumed silica, 5% acetone) matched neonatal CSF HU values (14.53–17.02). A mass substitute for hyperdense abnormalities exhibited HU values (56.16–61.07), enabling differentiation from normal brain. Validation included Monte Carlo simulations and experimental CT imaging, showing close agreement in linear attenuation coefficients, with deviations below 11% across energy levels. Mass attenuation coefficients from simulations and XCOM software were consistent, with deviations under 0.7%, confirming the materials dosimetric reliability. The phantom, with a cylindrical geometry (9 cm diameter, 10 cm length), provides accurate attenuation properties across 80–120 kVp energy levels, with deviations below 5% between experimental CT numbers and simulation data. This phantom offers a robust platform for neonatal imaging research, enabling impactful dose optimization and imaging protocol adjustment and supports improved diagnostic accuracy in pediatric imaging.
Afterlives of coal: land and transition dynamics in Central Appalachia
Authors: Shade Lindsay , Schwartzman Gabe , Rignall Karen , Slovinsky Kevin , Johnson Jacob 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The US has witnessed unprecedented federal investments targeted to “energy communities” since 2021. Scholars, policy-makers, and activists have long sought to promote policies that ensure that energy transitions bring about just outcomes. However, emerging political frameworks for decarbonization and energy source transition frequently neglect to account for the role of incumbent actors in upholding long standing legal, economic, and political arrangements that produce uneven distributions of benefits and burdens in energy systems. In this paper, we reflect on ongoing energy transition efforts in Central Appalachia, sharing our experiences from community-based research documenting the localized effects of carbon forestry offsets, solar energy projects, and postmine land uses, such as prisons, that are structurally linked to concentrated land ownership and capture of federal investments by legacy actors who have long dominated local and regional extraction regimes. We argue that the success or failure of broad-based transition policies depends largely on place-based dynamics rooted in land: who controls the land, who has access to land, who benefits from investments in land, and how public revenues flow from land. Empirical analysis of the politics of land from the local vantage point offers insights into how elites who have historically controlled the extractive economy continue to shape the landscape, but also opens up different worlds of possibilities that emerge at different scales.
New Voices of the Countryside
Authors: Ribi Forclaz Amalia 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Chapter 5 examines how from the mid-1930s onwards, the ILO’s work on agriculture began to change in tone and outreach, mostly as a result of new international currents. Due to the mutual reinforcement of the economic crisis and growing political mobilization, new political movements stepped into the fray, from women’s organizations to fascist and leftist ones, targeting rural populations, rural issues, and agricultural policies. At the same time, non-European experts increasingly challenged the ILO’s narrow focus on European waged farm labour, pointing to the large number of poor subsistence farmers that did not fall under the Organization’s remit. Ongoing problems about the way in which agricultural labour was being recruited in the colonies and about forms of indentured labour that resembled servitude also came to the fore, changing the tone and geographical orientation of the debate.
Conclusion
Authors: Ribi Forclaz Amalia 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The Conclusion draws together the main themes of the book. It reviews some of the achievements and shortcomings of the ILO’s work on agriculture between the 1920s and the 1950s and traces how post-war industrialization and agrarian modernization influenced the ILO’s work. It also reflects on the continuing challenge of improving the labour conditions and social rights of landless people in agriculture, be it migrant agricultural workers in Europe or plantation workers in the Global South. The book concludes that despite continuing calls for advancing social justice and decent work with rural economies, landless agricultural workers remain at the bottom of the global value chain.
The futures of Futurism
Authors: Merjian Ara H 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This chapter considers the future of Futurism. Futurism’s social utopia comprised profoundly dystopian elements from the start, as it preferred violence to the stale certitude of posterity, and its relentless will to progress entailed the movement’s own self-destruction. The chapter explains how Futurism’s founding manifesto fabricated out of sheer will a world unto itself. According to art historian Maurizio Calvesi, Futurism began and ended with an exaltation of machines, which is tantamount to claiming that a Pop sensibility in art exhausted itself with the proliferation of mass media. The chapter also provides an overview of the interplay between Futurism and the internet, as well as the phenomenon of Afrofuturism.
Introduction
Authors: Castater Eric G , Han Kyung Joon 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This chapter provides an introduction to and an overview of the book. The first section of the chapter reviews major theories on blue-collar worker support for the populist radical right and discusses their shortcomings. The second section outlines the authors’ social identity approach to overcome the pre-existing theories’ shortcomings and account for blue-collar worker support for the populist radical right. The third section introduces empirical strategies to examine how political and economic circumstances of blue-collar workers determine their populist radical right support through their social identity and issue salience. The fourth section discusses implications of the authors’ theory and findings on diverse aspects of politics, such as the crisis of democracy, issues around labour politics, the welfare state, economic inequality, and the politics of the populist radical right. The final section outlines each chapter of the book.
Policy Outputs
Authors: Castater Eric G , Han Kyung Joon 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This chapter focuses on policy outputs. In particular, it examines employment protection legislation and government spending on labour market policies. It finds that strong employment protection legislation and generous spending on labour market policies decrease blue-collar worker support for populist radical right-wing parties due to a weakened nation-based identity and the decreased salience of cultural issues. Since not all blue-collar workers are in a precarious economic position, the chapter also examines the effect of employment protection legislation and spending on labour market policies on blue-collar workers with and without secure employment, or what it refers to as ‘labour market insiders’ and ‘labour market outsiders’. It finds that employment protection legislation affects the populist radical right support of labour market insiders, but not labour market outsiders; while government spending on labour market policies affects the populist radical right support of labour market outsiders, but not labour market insiders.
Policy Outcomes
Authors: Castater Eric G , Han Kyung Joon 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This chapter focuses on policy outcomes. In particular, it examines wage inequality between blue-collar and white-collar workers and unemployment inequality between those with and without a college degree. Consistent with theoretical expectations, the chapter finds that high levels of these forms of inequality increase the likelihood that blue-collar workers will support populist radical right-wing parties due to a strengthened nation-based identity and the increased salience of cultural issues. Given that these forms of inequality are particularly harmful for less skilled (and thus less paid) blue-collar workers, the chapter also examines whether their effects differ based on the skill level of blue-collar workers. As anticipated, it finds that higher levels of wage inequality and unemployment inequality increase populist radical right support of less skilled blue-collar workers more than highly skilled blue-collar workers.
Plasma brain-derived neurotrophic factor concentrations are elevated in community-dwelling adults with sarcopenia
Authors: Pratt Jedd , Motanova Evgeniia , Narici Marco V , Boreham Colin , De Vito Giuseppe 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
The scalability of a blood-based sarcopenia assessment has generated interest in circulating markers that may enhance management strategies. Data regarding the relevance of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a regulator of neuroplasticity, to sarcopenia in community-dwelling adults are scarce. We examined the association between plasma BDNF concentrations, sarcopenia and individual sarcopenia signatures in a well-characterised adult cohort.

Methods
Participants included 246 men and women aged 50–82 years (mean age = 63.6 years; 52% female). Muscle strength and skeletal muscle index (SMI) were assessed by hand dynamometry and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Plasma BDNF concentrations were determined, in duplicate, with commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Sarcopenia and individual signatures of sarcopenia (i.e. low grip strength or low SMI) were diagnosed according to the EWGSOP2 algorithm.

Results
Plasma BDNF concentrations were 47.6% higher in participants with sarcopenia than controls (P = 0.005), and demonstrated acceptable diagnostic accuracy (areas under the curves = 0.702, 95%CI = 0.597–0.806, P = 0.002, optimal cut-off &gt;1645 pg/ml). Plasma BDNF concentration &gt;1645 pg/ml was associated with 2.83 greater odds for sarcopenia (95%CI = 1.13–7.11, P = 0.027), than ≤1645 pg/ml, whilst a BDNF Z-score ≥2 was associated with 5.14 higher odds for sarcopenia (95%CI = 1.16–22.82, P = 0.031), than a Z-score &lt;1. Covariates included sex, age, body mass index, habitual physical activity, smoking status, alcohol consumption, comorbidity and educational attainment.

Conclusion
Circulating BDNF concentrations are elevated in community-dwelling men and women with sarcopenia, which may reflect increased neuromuscular remodelling in these people. Our findings complement existing data, supporting the presence of an intricate relationship between neural integrity and skeletal muscle health. Future studies are needed to establish the mechanistic pathways that may underpin the associations.
GenomeDecoder: inferring segmental duplications in highly repetitive genomic regions
Authors: Zhang Zhenmiao , Gupta Ishaan , Pevzner Pavel A 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Motivation
The emergence of the ‘telomere-to-telomere’ genomics brought the challenge of identifying segmental duplications (SDs) in complete genomes. It further opened a possibility for identifying the differences in SDs across individual human genomes and studying the SD evolution. These newly emerged challenges require algorithms for reconstructing SDs in the most complex genomic regions that evaded all previous attempts to analyze their architecture, such as rapidly evolving immunoglobulin loci.

Results
We describe the GenomeDecoder algorithm for inferring SDs and apply it to analyzing genomic architectures of various loci in primate genomes. Our analysis revealed that multiple duplications/deletions led to a rapid birth/death of immunoglobulin genes within the human population and large changes in genomic architecture of immunoglobulin loci across primate genomes. Comparison of immunoglobulin loci across primate genomes suggests that they are subjected to diversifying selection.

Availability and implementation
GenomeDecoder is available at https://github.com/ZhangZhenmiao/GenomeDecoder. The software version and test data used in this paper are uploaded to https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14753844.
An evolutionary tale on clinical trials in hidradenitis suppurativa
Authors: Sayed Christopher J , Shams Rayad B , Midgette Bria , Garg Amit 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The therapeutic pipeline for moderate-to-severe hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is robust. Successes and lessons learned have led to improvements in trial designs aimed at avoiding prior pitfalls, as well as high placebo response in HS, which remains a fundamental threat to drug development.
Herein, we review the evolutions in HS trials over the last 20 years with respect to overall design, sample size, diversity in enrolment, inclusion criteria, concomitant medications, rescue therapy, endpoints and statistical design analysis plans. Areas of focus that merit future consideration are also highlighted.
The landscape of autosomal-dominant Alzheimer’s disease: global distribution and age of onset
Authors: Liu Haiyan , Marsh Thomas W , Shi Xinyu , Renton Alan E , Bowling Kevin M , Ziegemeier Ellen , Wang Guoqiao , Cao Yuchen , Aristel Alisha , Li Jessie , Dickson Alexa , Perrin Richard J , Goate Alison M , Fernández Victoria , Day Gregory S , Doering Michelle , Daniels Alisha , Gordon Brian A , Benzinger Tammie L S , Hassenstab Jason , Ibanez Laura , Supnet-Bell Charlene , Xiong Chengjie , Allegri Ricardo , Berman Sarah B , Fox Nick C , Ryan Natalie , Huey Edward D , Vöglein Jonathan , Noble James M , Roh Jee Hoon , Jucker Mathias , Laske Christoph , Ikeuchi Takeshi , Sanchez-Valle Raquel , Schofield Peter R , Chrem Mendez Patricio , Chhatwal Jasmeer P , Farlow Martin , Lee Jae-Hong , Levey Allan I , Levin Johannes , Lopera Francisco , Martins Ralph , Niimi Yoshiki , Rosa-Neto Pedro , Morris John C , Bateman Randall J , Karch Celeste M , Cruchaga Carlos , McDade Eric , Llibre-Guerra Jorge J 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We present a comprehensive global analysis of genetic variants associated with autosomal-dominant Alzheimer's disease (ADAD). A total of 550 variants in the APP, PSEN1, and PSEN2 genes were identified, of which 279 were classified as pathogenic or likely pathogenic based on ACMG-AMP criteria, utilizing data from the Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer Network (DIAN), literature, and public databases. Symptomatic age at onset (AAO) data was estimated for 227 of these variants, allowing detailed characterization of their frequency, pathogenicity, and AAO. Importantly, 226 variants meet eligibility criteria for inclusion in disease-modifying clinical trials. Furthermore, we demonstrate the predictive value of mean variant AAO and parental AAO in predicting symptomatic AAO, validated against converters who became symptomatic during follow-up in the DIAN Observational Study (DIAN-OBS). This dataset provides critical insights into the global landscape of ADAD and reveals the genetic and AAO heterogeneity of ADAD variants while refining variant trial eligibility criteria.
HTLV Screening of Blood Donations in England Between 2002 and 2021—Comparison of Screening Strategies
Authors: Harvala Heli , Davison Katy , Webster Mhairi , Reynolds Claire , Taylor Graham P 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV) is associated with adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma and myelopathy. Here we present virological and epidemiological data on HTLV screening of blood donations in England between 2002 and 2021, implemented to prevent its transmission via blood transfusion.

Methods
Data on HTLV testing of blood donations was reviewed; it was initially conducted in pools (2002–2012) and subsequently using individual samples (all donors, 2013–2016; first-time donors and non-leucodepleted component donors, 2017–2021). Data included annual number of donations screened, initial and repeat reactives as well as confirmed positives. Further information, such as likely source of infection, was obtained for HTLV-positives.

Results
Over the 20-year study period, a total of 30 679 741 blood donations were screened for HTLV in England. Under pooled screening strategy, the annual rate of repeat reactive donations remained &lt;5:100 000. However, this rate increased to 51:100 000 with individual screening and further to 123:100 000 with selective screening. A total of 5032 samples were repeat reactive, of which 278 were confirmed HTLV-positives. Although the specificity under each scenario exceeded 99.9%, the rate of repeat reactives was around 50-fold higher in individual compared to pooled screening. Most HTLV infected were UK-born, most likely acquired their infection unknowingly through breast feeding or heterosexual intercourse with an individual associated with an HTLV-endemic country.

Conclusions
These data highlight that pooled testing can be advantageous in low-prevalence settings due to its high specificity and reduced non-specific reactivity. Whether pooling is an applicable strategy to tackle the burden of HTLV infection in resource-poor, HTLV-endemic countries requires further investigations.
Single cell RNA sequencing of haematopoietic cells in fresh and frozen human atheroma tissue
Authors: Ahmad Herra , Gopakumar Jayakrishnan , Nachun Daniel C , Ma Lisa , D’Addabbo Jessica , Huang Xianxi , Koyano Tiffany , Boyd Jack , Woo Yi-Ping Joseph , Fong Robyn , Aalami Oliver , Nguyen Patricia K , Jaiswal Siddhartha 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Aims
Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) is a powerful method for exploring the cellular heterogeneity within human atheroma but typically requires fresh tissue to preserve cell membrane integrity, limiting the feasibility of large-scale biobanking for later analysis. The aim of this study was to determine whether cryopreservation of fragile and necrotic atheroma tissue affects the viability and transcriptomic profiles of haematopoietic cells in subsequent scRNA-seq analysis, enabling the use of cryopreserved atheroma samples for future research.

Methods and results
We performed scRNA-seq on five paired fresh and cryopreserved atheroma samples—three from coronary arteries and two from carotid arteries. Each sample was enzymatically digested, sorted for CD45+ haematopoietic cells, and processed using the 10× Genomics scRNA-seq workflow. Half of each sample was processed immediately, while the other half was cryopreserved in liquid nitrogen for an average of 5 weeks before thawing and processing. In carotid artery samples, we noted the absence of LYVE1+ macrophages, likely due to the loss of the adventitial layer during endarterectomy procedures. Our results indicated that cryopreservation modestly affected cellular integrity, leading to an increase in the relative abundance of mitochondrial RNA in frozen samples. Minimal differences were observed between fresh and cryopreserved samples in uniquely detected transcripts, cell clustering, or transcriptional profiles within haematopoietic populations.

Conclusions
Our study demonstrates that cryopreserved human atheroma samples can be successfully profiled using scRNA-seq, with comparable transcriptomic data to that obtained from fresh samples. These findings suggest that cryopreservation is a viable method for biobanking atheroma tissues, facilitating large-scale studies without the need for immediate sample processing.
MANUDB: database and application to retrieve and visualize mammalian NUMTs
Authors: Biró Bálint , Gál Zoltán , Nagy Zsófia , Garcia Juan Francisco , Batbold Tsend-Ayush , Hoffmann Orsolya Ivett 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
There is an ongoing genetic flow from the mitochondrial genome to the nuclear genome. The mitochondrial sequences that have integrated into the nuclear genome have been shown to be drivers of evolutionary processes and cancerous transformations. In addition to their fundamental biological importance, these sequences have significant consequences for genome assembly and phylogenetic and forensic analyses as well. Previously, our research group developed a computational pipeline that provides a uniform way of identifying these sequences in mammalian genomes. In this paper, we publish MANUDB—the MAmmalian NUclear mitochondrial sequences DataBase, which makes the results of our pipeline publicly accessible. With MANUDB one can retrieve and visualize mitochondrial genome fragments that have been integrated into the nuclear genome of mammalian species.
Database URL: manudb.streamlit.app