bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing Passive Leg Raise Test in Pediatric Shock Using Electrical Cardiometry
Authors: Pham Angela , Shah Nikhil R. , Chandran Shreya , Fueta Patrick , O'Daniell Estela , Burleson Jessica , Cottingham Sarah , Sari Halil , Samraj Ravi S. , Bhalala Utpal 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPassive leg raise (PLR) is widely used to incite an autobolus to assess fluid responsiveness in adults; however, there is a paucity of studies exploring its utility in children. Our study aimed to analyze the efficacy of PLR in determining fluid responsiveness in children presenting with shock using electrical cardiometry. Patients in the age group of 0 to 20 years who presented in shock to our children's hospital emergency department were evaluated. Multiple hemodynamic metrics including, heart rate, systolic/diastolic blood pressure, cardiac output (CO), stroke index, stroke volume (SV), flow time corrected (FTC), and left ventricular ejection time (LVET) were recorded using the noninvasive ICON device and compared at baseline and post-PLR. A total of 68 patients had pre- and post-PLR data available for review between June and July 2022. Median age was 7 years (54% male); most common etiology was hypovolemic (67.6%) shock. Following PLR, there was no significant change in most hemodynamic parameters, including SV and CO; however, there was a significant difference in FTC (301 [pre-PLR] vs. 307 [post-PLR], p = 0.016) (ms) and LVET (232 [pre-PLR] vs. 234 [post-PLR], p = 0.014) (ms). A significantly higher proportion of children diagnosed with septic shock demonstrated fluid responsiveness (ΔSV ≥ 10% from baseline) compared with those with hypovolemic shock (p = 0.036). This study demonstrated no identifiable fluid responsiveness (ΔSV ≥ 10% from baseline) following PLR; however, a significantly higher proportion of children suffering from septic shock demonstrated fluid responsiveness compared with those with hypovolemic shock. Larger studies are needed to further assess the utility of PLR, as well as other modalities, in determining fluid responsiveness in children.
From ally to accomplice: A call to action to advance LGBTQIA+ health equity
Authors: Mills Alex R , Astle Kevin N , Melín Kyle 
Published: December 2023

Disclaimer
In an effort to expedite the publication of articles, AJHP is posting manuscripts online as soon as possible after acceptance. Accepted manuscripts have been peer-reviewed and copyedited, but are posted online before technical formatting and author proofing. These manuscripts are not the final version of record and will be replaced with the final article (formatted per AJHP style and proofed by the authors) at a later time.
Exploration and social environment affect inbreeding avoidance in a small mammal
Authors: Vandal Katherine , Garant Dany , Bergeron Patrick , Réale Denis 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Individual exploration types are based on the cognitive speed-accuracy trade-off, which suggests that a higher speed of information acquisition is done by sacrificing information quality. In a mating context, fast exploration could thus increase the probability of finding mates at the cost of mating with kin or suboptimal partners. We tested this hypothesis by studying male mate choice patterns in a species with a scramble competition mating system. We used genotyping, localization by radio-collar, trapping, and repeated exploration measures from a long-term study on wild Eastern chipmunks (Tamias striatus). We predicted that, according to the speed-accuracy trade-off hypothesis, slower-thorough explorers should be choosier than faster-superficial ones, and thus avoid inbreeding. We found that slower males reproduced more often with less related females, but only on one site where variance in relatedness and female density were high. Males showed no preference for their mates’ exploration type. Our results suggest that superficial exploration decreases male choosiness and increases the risk of inbreeding, but only under decreased mate search costs due to high variance in relatedness among mates (at high density). Our findings reveal exploration-related, among-individual variance in inbreeding, highlighting the complexity of mate choice, and showing that many aspects of an individual’s life contribute to animal decision-making.
Temporal trends and patterns in initial opioid prescriptions after hospital discharge following colectomy in England over 10 years
Authors: Baamer Reham M , Humes David J , Toh Li Shean , Knaggs Roger D , Lobo Dileep N 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background
While opioid analgesics are often necessary for the management of acute postoperative pain, appropriate prescribing practices are crucial to avoid harm. The aim was to investigate the changes in the proportion of people receiving initial opioid prescriptions after hospital discharge following colectomy, and describe trends and patterns in prescription characteristics.

Methods
This was a retrospective cohort study. Patients undergoing colectomy in England between 2010 and 2019 were included using electronic health record data from linked primary (Clinical Practice Research Datalink Aurum) and secondary (Hospital Episode Statistics) care. The proportion of patients having an initial opioid prescription issued in primary care within 90 days of hospital discharge was calculated. Prescription characteristics of opioid type and formulation were described.

Results
Of 95 155 individuals undergoing colectomy, 15 503 (16.3%) received opioid prescriptions. There was a downward trend in the proportion of patients with no prior opioid exposure (opioid naive) who had a postdischarge opioid prescription (P &lt;0.001), from 11.4% in 2010 to 6.7% in 2019 (−41.3%, P &lt;0.001), whereas the proportions remained stable for those prescribed opioids prior to surgery, from 57.5% in 2010 to 58.3% in 2019 (P = 0.637). Codeine represented 44.5% of all prescriptions and prescribing increased by 14.5% between 2010 and 2019. Prescriptions for morphine and oxycodone rose significantly by 76.6% and 31.0% respectively, while tramadol prescribing dropped by 48.0%. The most commonly prescribed opioid formulations were immediate release (83.9%), followed by modified release (5.8%) and transdermal (3.2%). There was a modest decrease in the prescribing of immediate-release formulations from 86.0% in 2010 to 82.0% in 2019 (P &lt;0.001).

Conclusion
Over the 10 years studied, there was a changing pattern of opioid prescribing following colectomy, with a decrease in the proportion of opioid-naive patients prescribed postdischarge opioids.
New cyclophilin D inhibitor rescues mitochondrial and cognitive function in Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Samanta Sourav , Akhter Firoz , Roy Anuradha , Chen Doris , Turner Benjamin , Wang Yongfu , Clemente Nicolina , Wang Chunyu , Swerdlow Russell Howard , Battaile Kevin P , Lovell Scott , Yan Shi Fang , Yan Shirley ShiDu 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is an early pathological feature of Alzheimer disease and plays a crucial role in the development and progression of Alzheimer’s disease. Strategies to rescue mitochondrial function and cognition remain to be explored. Cyclophilin D (CypD), the peptidylprolyl isomerase F (PPIase), is a key component in opening the mitochondrial membrane permeability transition pore, leading to mitochondrial dysfunction and cell death. Blocking membrane permeability transition pore opening by inhibiting CypD activity is a promising therapeutic approach for Alzheimer’s disease. However, there is currently no effective CypD inhibitor for Alzheimer’s disease, with previous candidates demonstrating high toxicity, poor ability to cross the blood–brain barrier, compromised biocompatibility and low selectivity. Here, we report a new class of non-toxic and biocompatible CypD inhibitor, ebselen, using a conventional PPIase assay to screen a library of ∼2000 FDA-approved drugs with crystallographic analysis of the CypD-ebselen crystal structure (PDB code: 8EJX). More importantly, we assessed the effects of genetic and pharmacological blockade of CypD on Alzheimer’s disease mitochondrial and glycolytic bioenergetics in Alzheimer’s disease-derived mitochondrial cybrid cells, an ex vivo human sporadic Alzheimer’s disease mitochondrial model, and on synaptic function, inflammatory response and learning and memory in Alzheimer’s disease mouse models.
Inhibition of CypD by ebselen protects against sporadic Alzheimer’s disease- and amyloid-β-induced mitochondrial and glycolytic perturbation, synaptic and cognitive dysfunction, together with suppressing neuroinflammation in the brain of Alzheimer’s disease mouse models, which is linked to CypD-related membrane permeability transition pore formation.
Thus, CypD inhibitors have the potential to slow the progression of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease, by boosting mitochondrial bioenergetics and improving synaptic and cognitive function.
Rentiers and distributive conflict in Brazil (2000–2019)
Authors: Marques Pedro Romero , Rugitsky Fernando 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The paper examines the determinants of rentier income in contemporary financialised capitalist economies by analysing the case of Brazil. It argues that different drivers of rentier income may have comparable potential to channel a substantial share of aggregate income to asset owners. The paper estimates an expanded functional income distribution for Brazil for the period between 2000 and 2019, which distinguishes between rentier income, wages, profits of enterprise and government income. In the last two decades, the share of rentier income in Brazilian GDP has fluctuated around an approximately stable trend even though its composition has changed profoundly. The estimation presented allows for an analysis of the role played by financial expropriation (i.e. interest payments out of wage income) in this expanded functional income distribution, which points to alternative results concerning the recent trajectory of the wage share of income and of the distributive conflict.
Effect of black spot infection on the chemical composition and comprehensive quality of pecan (Carya illinoinensis) kernel oil
Authors: Wu Shuang , Chang Jun , Yao Xiaohua , Wang Kailiang , Zhang Chengcai 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Objectives
The changes in the chemical composition of oil from pecan kernels following infection with black spot disease were evaluated to determine whether the disease affects the quality of the seed oil. The findings should provide theoretical support for developing the pecan industry and enhancing the risk resistance of the industry.

Materials and Methods
Oil samples from healthy and diseased pecan kernels were obtained using the squeezing method, and the bioactive substances and fatty acid composition of the two types of oil samples were compared. The degree of oxidation and deterioration of the diseased kernel oil was evaluated. Based on supervised orthogonal partial least squares–discriminant analysis, gray correlation analysis, and unsupervised factor analysis, a multivariate evaluation model was established to comprehensively score the quality of the two types of oils.

Results
The results showed that, compared with the healthy kernel oil, the contents of total polyphenols and flavonoids, as well as the peroxide and acid values, were significantly higher in the diseased kernel oil. The content of oleic acid, as well as the ratio of monounsaturated fatty acids to polyunsaturated acids, was also significantly higher in the diseased kernel oil. In addition, no aflatoxin was detected. Multivariate analysis revealed no significant difference in the quality of diseased kernel oil compared with that of healthy kernel oil.

Conclusions
Therefore, following infection, the pecan oil begins to oxidize, but this does not have a significant negative effect on the nutrients, suggesting that oil from diseased kernels has the potential to be further processed and sold as edible-grade vegetable oil.
The involvement of brassinolides in fruit ripening: crosstalk with plant growth regulators and transcription factors
Authors: Li Ailing , Wu Xuetong , Huang Yi , Pan Xuejuan , Yao Kangding , Liu Zhiya , Wang Chunlei , Liao Weibiao 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Brassinolides (BRs) are a kind of endogenous plant hormone that play an important role in regulating fruit ripening. BRs can regulate the process of fruit ripening by interacting with plant growth regulators and transcription factors. In this review, we discuss recent research advances on the role of BRs in fruit ripening and its relation to plant growth regulators and transcription factors. In addition, BR signaling molecules that are involved in fruit ripening and ripening-related genes are also highlighted. This review provides a better theoretical basis for improving fruit quality and regulating fruit ripening to speed up market availability, and for studying the mechanisms of BRs in fruit ripening.
The Efficacy and Safety of an Intra-articular Dual-Acting Antibacterial Agent (TNP-2092) for Implant Infection–Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Dai Tianyu , Ma Chi , Zhang Fan , Wang Hui , Ma Zhenkun , Wang Huan , Wen Yinxian , Chen Liaobin 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Owing to the presence of microbial biofilm on the implant, the eradication of biofilm-associated infections poses a challenge for antibiotic therapies. The study aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of the novel antibiotic agent TNP-2092 in the context of implant infections. In vivo, rats with periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) treated with antibiotics showed an increase in body weight and decrease in swelling, temperature, and width of knee, compared with the control group. Meanwhile, inflammatory markers in synovium and serum were decreased in the TNP-2092 group, consistent with the pathological results. Moreover, TNP-2092 was effective in eliminating bacteria and disruption biofilm formation, and further alleviated the abnormal bone absorption and reactive bone changes around the prosthesis. In conclusion, intra-articular injection of TNP-2092 is safe and effective in treating knee PJI in a rat model. The study provides a foundation for the future utilization of TNP-2092 in the management of implant-related infections.
Associations Between Self-Reported Burn Pit Exposure and Functional Status, 1990-2021
Authors: Chassé Jean-Sébastien , Rossi Carlo , Downs John , Ortiz Jose 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT

Introduction
The Airborne Hazards and Open Burn Pit Registry (AHOBPR) allows service members to self-report exposure to burn pits during military deployments and functional status (a composite metric of physical fitness status). This study investigated whether general exposure to burn pits, specific performance of burn pit duties, or the cumulative number of days deployed in Southwest Asia was associated with a change in functional status.

Materials and methods
A retrospective cross-sectional analysis of 234,061 participants in the AHOBPR who completed questionnaires before August 2021 was conducted. Exposure was presumed if an individual reported any burn pits exposure during deployment or if an individual reported having to work at a burn pit as part of their duties and was quantified by the cumulative-reported exposure days. The outcome was the reported composite functional score. Statistical analysis used linear regression, which was adjusted for significant variables. A possible dose–response effect from cumulative deployment and burn pits exposure days was evaluated. Statistical significance was determined at P &lt; 0.05.

Results
The burn pit exposure groups were notably different in size (exposed: 230,079, non-exposed: 3982) and were significantly different for all compared variables. There was a negative association between cumulative exposure days and functional score with a significant test for trend. There was a marginal positive significant association between cumulative deployment days and functional score with a significant test for trend. Reporting exposure to burn pit duties was also significantly associated with a lower functional score.

Conclusion
This study suggests a dose–response relationship between cumulative burn pit exposure and decreased functional status. It also suggests a modest positive relationship between cumulative deployment days and reported function, which may represent a “healthy deployer” effect.
Oral β-Lactams, Fluoroquinolones, or Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole for Definitive Treatment of Uncomplicated Escherichia coli or Klebsiella Species Bacteremia From a Urinary Tract Source
Authors: Alzaidi Sameer , Veillette John J , May Stephanie S , Olson Jared , Jackson Katarina , Waters C Dustin , Butler Allison M , Hutton Mary A , Buckel Whitney R , Webb Brandon J 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background
Fluoroquinolones (FQs) are effective for oral step-down therapy for gram-negative bloodstream infections but are associated with unfavorable toxic effects. Robust data are lacking for trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) and high-bioavailability β-lactams (HBBLs).

Methods
In this multicenter observational cohort study, we simulated a 3-arm registry trial using causal inference methods to compare the effectiveness of FQs, TMP-SMX, or HBBLs for gram-negative bloodstream infections oral step-down therapy. The study included adults treated between January 2016 and December 2022 for uncomplicated Escherichia coli or Klebsiella species bacteremia of urinary tract origin who were who were transitioned to an oral regimen after ≤4 days of effective intravenous antibiotics. Propensity weighting was used to balance characteristics between groups. 60-day recurrence was compared using a multinomial Cox proportional hazards model with probability of treatment weighting.

Results
Of 2571 patients screened, 648 (25%) were included. Their median age (interquartile range) was 67 (45–78) years, and only 103 (16%) were male. Characteristics were well balanced between groups. Compared with FQs, TMP-SMX had similar effectiveness (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.91 [95% confidence interval, .30–2.78]), and HBBLs had a higher risk of recurrence (2.19 [.95–5.01]), although this difference was not statistically significant. Most HBBLs (70%) were not optimally dosed for bacteremia. A total antibiotic duration ≤8 days was associated with a higher recurrence rate in select patients with risk factors for failure.

Conclusions
FQs and TMP-SMX had similar effectiveness in this real-world data set. HBBLs were associated with higher recurrence rates but suboptimal dosing may have contributed. Further studies are needed to define optimal BL dosing and duration to mitigate treatment failures.
Rice kinase OsMRLK63 contributes to drought tolerance by regulating reactive oxygen species production
Authors: Jing Xiu-Qing , Shi Peng-Tao , Zhang Ran , Zhou Meng-Ru , Shalmani Abdullah , Wang Gang-Feng , Liu Wen-Ting , Li Wen-Qiang , Chen Kun-Ming 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Drought is a major adverse environmental factor that plants face in nature but the molecular mechanism by which plants transduce stress signals and further endow themselves with tolerance remains unclear. Malectin/malectin-like domains containing receptor-like kinases (MRLKs) have been proposed to act as receptors in multiple biological signaling pathways, but limited studies show their roles in drought-stress signaling and tolerance. In this study, we demonstrate OsMRLK63 in rice (Oryza sativa L.) functions in drought tolerance by acting as the receptor of 2 rapid alkalization factors, OsRALF45 and OsRALF46. We show OsMRLK63 is a typical receptor-like kinase that positively regulates drought tolerance and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. OsMRLK63 interacts with and phosphorylates several nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidases with the primarily phosphorylated site at Ser26 in the N-terminal of RESPIRATORY BURST OXIDASE HOMOLOGUE A (OsRbohA). The application of the 2 small signal peptides (OsRALF45/46) on rice can greatly alleviate the dehydration of plants induced by mimic drought. This function depends on the existence of OsMRLK63 and the NADPH oxidase-dependent ROS production. The 2 RALFs interact with OsMRLK63 by binding to its extracellular domain, suggesting they may act as drought/dehydration signal sensors for the OsMRLK63-mediated process. Our study reveals a OsRALF45/46-OsMRLK63-OsRbohs module which contributes to drought-stress signaling and tolerance in rice.
Varieties of wealth: toward a comparative sociology of wealth inequality
Authors: Beckert Jens 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Research on wealth inequality and wealth concentration has made much progress in establishing statistics on the distribution of private wealth, its historical development, and its components in a large set of countries. Yet, this research is less concerned with country-specific contexts that have an impact on the practical relevance of private wealth and its distribution. This article develops a framework for comparative research that is interested in this question. Starting from a typology that distinguishes six “capacities of wealth,” it asserts that private assets can be more important, more powerful, or more tolerable, depending on the institutional regulation of the political economy, for example, limitations on private property rights, welfare state redistribution, the electoral system, and cultural patterns of wealth legitimation. Using the USA and Germany as exemplary cases, I show that such differences exist and are politically relevant and that investigating the practical significance of private wealth in different political economies would open up new research trajectories in wealth research.
Nursing Students’ Perceptions About the Culture of Nursing
Authors: Strouse Susan M. , Radtke Emily 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

AIM
The aim of this study was to gain students’ perspectives on the culture of nursing and their enculturation to this professional culture.

BACKGROUND
Newly graduated registered nurses (NGRNs) experience identity shock when transitioning to practice, at great costs to themselves and health care organizations. Understanding how nursing students view their professional culture and the enculturation process can foster professional identity formation and ameliorate NGRN identity shock.

METHOD
This focused ethnography study used focus groups for data collection and Leininger’s method of data analysis.

RESULTS
Two themes emerged: 1) descriptors of the culture of nursing and 2) influence of formal and informal learning.

CONCLUSION
Nursing students struggle to define the culture of nursing, contributing to challenges with the enculturation process and leading to identity shock. Intentionally addressing these challenges can help decrease identity shock, promote stronger professional nursing identity formation, and improve the transition to nursing practice.