bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expression of androgen receptor and 5α‐reductases in the human normal endometrium and its disorders
Authors: Ito Kiyoshi , Suzuki Takashi , Akahira Jun‐ichi , Moriya Takuya , Kaneko Chika , Utsunomiya Hiroki , Yaegashi Nobuo , Okamura Kunihiro , Sasano Hironobu 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAndrogen metabolism and actions are considered to play a very important role in the development and progression of the normal human endometrium and its disorders. Details regarding androgen actions in these tissues, however, have not been well studied. We first immunolocalized the androgen receptor (AR) and 5α‐reductases, which catalyze the conversion of testosterone to the bioactive and potent androgen, 5α‐dihydrotestesterone (DHT), in 18 normal cycling human endometria, 27 endometrial hyperplasia and 46 endometrioid endometrial adenocarcinomas. We also examined the mRNA expression of AR and 5α‐reductases in 7 cases of endometrioid endometrial adenocarcinomas using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR). In the normal human endometrium, AR was immunolocalized predominantly in stromal cells of the proliferative phase of the menstrual cycle and in epithelial cells of the secretory phase, whereas 5α‐reductase types 1 and 2 immunoreactivities were detected in the cytoplasm of epithelial cells but not in stromal cells throughout all phases of the menstrual cycle. In endometrial hyperplasia, the median labeling index (LI) for AR was 48.1%, whereas positive immunostaining for 5α‐reductase Type 1 and Type 2 was detected in only 1 case. In endometrial carcinoma, AR immunoreactivity was detected in the nuclei of carcinoma cells and the number of positive cases was 39/44 (88.6%). Median LI for AR was 36.1%. Immunoreactivity for 5α‐reductase Type 1 and Type 2 was detected in the cytoplasm of carcinoma cells and the number of positive cases was 37/44 cases (84.1%) and 34/44 (77.3%) for 5α‐reductase Types 1 and 2, respectively. A significant positive correlation was detected between 5α‐reductase Type 1 and Type 2 immunoreactivity (p < 0.001). AR LI was not correlated with the presence or absence of Type 1 and Type 2 5α‐reductases. Results from our RT‐PCR studies were consistent with those of immunohistochemistry. These results suggest that DHT may play more important roles than testosterone in the regulation of androgen action in endometrial cancer and normal human endometrium, especially in the secretory phase, in which both AR and 5α‐reductase are increased. Androgenic actions may be also regulated predominantly by serum testosterone and not by DHT in endometrial hyperplasia because of the absence of 5α‐reductases in the site of its actions. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Apoptosis induced by low‐dose paclitaxel is associated with p53 upregulation in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells
Authors: Tan Guolin , Heqing Li , Jiangbo Chen , Ming Jiang , Yanhong Ma , Xianghe Liu , Hong Sun , Li Guiyuan 
Published: August 2002

AbstractPaclitaxel exerts its cytotoxic effect by kinetic suppression of microtubules that block cells in the G2/M phase of the cell cycle and trigger apoptosis. To investigate apoptosis induced by paclitaxel in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), and its possible molecular mechanism of action, the human NPC cell lines HNE‐1 (bearing wild‐type p53) and CNE‐2 (bearing mutant p53) were treated with different concentrations of paclitaxel. Apoptosis was determined by staining with propidium iodide and also by DNA fragmentation. Protein expression levels of p53, bcl‐2 and bcl‐xl were examined by Western blotting. Activation of caspase‐3 and cleavage of poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase (PARP) were also studied in paclitaxel‐induced apoptosis. We showed that paclitaxel inhibited growth and induced apoptosis in both cell lines but that the p53 mutant line (CNE‐2) was less sensitive to treatment with low‐dose paclitaxel. Caspase‐3 activity and cleavage of death substrate PARP were significantly increased in a dose‐dependent manner, both in parallel with the induction of apoptosis and growth inhibition of NPC cells. We observed a striking increase of p53 protein levels in NPC cells exposed to 1 and 10 nM paclitaxel but a marked inhibition at 100 nM paclitaxel treatment. An inhibitor of caspase, zVAD.fmk, blocked the apoptotic morphologic changes and DNA fragmentation but did not change the rate of cell death or the protein levels of p53, bcl‐2 and bcl‐xl. In summary, low‐dose paclitaxel inhibited cell growth in NPC cells and induced apoptosis possibly by upregulation of p53. In contrast, cell growth and apoptosis induced by a high dose of the drug occurred in a p53‐independent manner, which may directly initiate downstream events of apoptosis. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Histone deacetylase inhibitor FK228 inhibits tumor angiogenesis
Authors: Kwon Ho Jeong , Kim Myoung Sook , Kim Min Jung , Nakajima Hidenori , Kim Kyu‐Won 
Published: August 2002

AbstractFK228 (formerly FR901228) was recently isolated from Chromobacterium violaceum as a potent antitumor agent and its biologic target protein was identified as histone deacetylase (HDAC). Because of its unique chemical structure (i.e., bicyclic depsipeptide) and activity profile in the National Cancer Institute's developmental therapeutics program, FK228 is currently in a phase I clinical trial for cancer therapy. In the present study, we investigated the antiangiogenic activity of FK228 in vivo and in vitro. FK228 potently blocked the hypoxia‐stimulated proliferation, invasion, migration, adhesion and tube formation of bovine aortic endothelial cells at the same concentration at which the agent inhibited the HDAC activity of cells. In addition, FK228 inhibited the neovascularization of chick embryo and that of adult mice in the Matrigel plug assay. Interestingly, the expression of angiogenic‐stimulating factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor or kinase insert domain receptor were suppressed by FK228, whereas that of angiogenic‐inhibiting factors such as von Hippel Lindau and neurofibromin2 were induced, suggesting that a gene‐transcription effect was involved in the inhibition of angiogenesis by FK228. These results indicate that FK228 is a novel antiangiogenic agent and may suppress tumor expansion, at least in part, by the inhibition of neovascularization. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cytotoxicity of modern dentin adhesives—in vitro testing on gingival fibroblasts
Authors: Szep Susanne , Kunkel Astrid , Ronge Karin , Heidemann Detlef 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe present investigation was designed to test cellular toxicity of modern dentin adhesives. With the use of the products Ariston Liner, Etch & Prime 3.0, Optibond Solo, Prime & Bond NT, Scotchbond 1, and Syntac Sprint, test specimens were prepared according to the manufacturers' instructions and transferred into a culture medium. Eluates were obtained and pipetted onto fibroblast cultures, incubated, and subsequently stained. The respective cell densities and the numbers of normal, altered, and dead cells were determined and compared with control cell cultures. Statistical analysis of the data showed that all materials caused cytotoxic effects. Scotchbond 1 displayed the highest number of dead cells. The difference was statistically significant compared to Etch″ 3.0, Optibond Solo, Prime&Bond NT, and the control. The lowest cell density was found for Scotchbond 1 and Ariston Liner. The difference was also statistically significant in comparison with Etch″ 3.0, Optibond Solo, Prime&Bond NT, and the control. To conclude, all tested dentin adhesives caused cytotoxic reactions. Taking the limitations of an in vitro experiment into consideration, Prime&Bond NT, Optibond Solo, and Etch″ 3.0 appear to be the most recommendable products, and Scotchbond 1 and Ariston Liner the least. © 2001 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res (Appl Biomater) 63: 53–60, 2002
Synergistic effects of glucose and ultraviolet irradiation on the physical properties of collagen
Authors: Ohan Mark P. , Weadock Kevin S. , Dunn Michael G. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractOur objective was to strengthen and stabilize collagen films without the introduction of cytotoxic chemical crosslinkers. We hypothesized that collagen could be rapidly crosslinked with glucose with ultraviolet (UV) irradiation as a catalyst. In theory, UV‐generated free radicals can expedite collagen crosslinking with glucose via the formation of reactive, linear glucose molecules. The mechanical properties of glucose‐incorporated, UV‐exposed collagen films and appropriate controls were determined under various conditions: (1) hydration in phosphate‐buffered saline, (2) heat‐denaturation, (3) incubation in a collagenase solution, and (4) incubation in a trypsin solution. Without exposure to UV, the incorporation of glucose into the films had no effect. Without glucose, exposure to UV increased the strength but caused significant denaturation. The combination of glucose and UV, however, synergistically improved the mechanical properties and enzyme resistance of collagen films, indicative of increased crosslinking without significant denaturation effects. The addition of thiourea, a potent free‐radical scavenger, or aminoguanidine, an inhibitor of glucose‐derived crosslinking, to the collagen films markedly hindered these synergistic effects. These data strongly suggest that free‐radical‐dependent, glucose‐derived crosslinks provide the enhanced strength and enzyme resistance observed in glucose‐incorporated, UV‐exposed collagen films. Further studies are required to explore biomaterial applications of this novel collagen crosslinking method. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 60: 384–391, 2002; DOI 10.1002/jbm.10111
An improved method to prepare hyaluronic acid and type II collagen composite matrices
Authors: Taguchi Tetsushi , Ikoma Toshiyuki , Tanaka Junzo 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAn improved method to prepare hyaluronic acid (HyA) and type II collagen composite matrices was developed. HyA and type II collagen formed polyion complex (PIC) in aqueous solution due to their opposite electrostatic charges. Therefore, optimal conditions at which PIC was not formed between HyA and type II collagen were determined in order to directly crosslink using a water‐soluble carbodiimide [WSC; 1‐ethyl‐3‐(3‐dimethyl aminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride]. HyA‐collagen composite matrices were successfully obtained using WSC in the presence of 0.4M NaCl, which was found the optimal concentration to suppress PIC formation. Fourier transformed infrared spectra of the obtained matrices showed ester bond formation, indicating that the crosslinking reaction between HyA molecules, HyA and collagen molecules, and collagen molecules proceeded. The swelling ratio of a HyA‐collagen composite matrix depended on the WSC concentration and HyA content. From scanning electron microscopy observations, the lyophilized matrices possess multi pore structures. The HyA‐collagen composite matrices using this improved method will be useful in the preparation of cartilage regenerative scaffolds, and this methodology may be applied to other polyanion‐polycation combinations as well. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 61: 330–336, 2002
Biocompatibility evaluation of ePTFE membrane modified with PEG in atmospheric pressure glow discharge
Authors: Zhang Qing , Wang Chunren , Babukutty Yohannan , Ohyama Toshie , Kogoma Masuhiro , Kodama Makoto 
Published: August 2002

AbstractePTFE membranes were modified by poly(ethylene glycol) having a molecular weight of 600 (PEG‐600) in atmospheric pressure glow discharge (APG) plasma treatment. ePTFE membranes were immersed in 1%, 3%, or 5% (w/v) PEG‐600 in dehydrated ethanol. PEG‐600‐penetrated ePTFE membranes were dried in a vacuum to immediately remove ethanol, then treated with APG at 20 kHz and 60–70 W for 15 min and thoroughly washed with ethanol and water. PEG‐600‐modified ePTFE membranes were analyzed using contact angle measurement, Fourier transform infrared attenuated total reflectance (FTIR‐ATR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). ePTFE membrane contact angles were reduced after PEG‐600 plasma treatment. FTIR‐ATR spectra showed an absorption band due to a PEG hydroxyl group (‐OH). SEM showed that ePTFE fiber surfaces were uniformly immobilized with PEG‐600 and retained their porous structure. A general biological evaluation of the PEG‐modified ePTFE membranes showed no cytotoxicity on CHO‐K1 cell lines and no hemolytic action. Albumin adsorption on the PEG‐modified ePTFE membranes increased with increasing PEG‐600 deposited on ePTFE membranes. Fibrinogen adsorption decreased with increasing PEG‐600 deposited on ePTFE membranes. γ‐Globulin adsorption did not change before or after PEG plasma modification. 1% and 3% PEG‐600 plasma‐treated ePTFE only slightly increased platelet adhesion, but adhering platelets evidenced no pseudopod formation. 5% PEG‐600‐modified ePTFE showed relatively large numbers of platelet adhesion. We concluded that 3% PEG‐600‐modified ePTFE membrane had the best physical properties and biological compatibility, indicating 3% PEG‐600‐modified ePTFE membranes exhibit the potential for blood filter application. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 60: 502–509, 2002; DOI 10.1002/jbm.1294
Bacterial contamination of blood products: Factors, options, and insights
Authors: Depcik‐Smith N.D. , Hay S.N. , Brecher M.E. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractTransfusion of bacterially contaminated blood products remains an overlooked problem. However, the risk of receiving a bacterially contaminated unit is greater than the combined risk of HIV‐1/2, HCV, HBV, and HTLV I/II [American Association of Blood Banks Bulletin, no. 294, 1996]. Topics covered in this article include: the current incidence, clinical presentation and outcome, effective methods of detection, and ways to reduce bacterial contamination of blood products. There is no one existing strategy that can completely eliminate the risk of bacterial contamination. It is inevitable that partial solutions or combinations of methods will be implemented in the near future. J. Clin. Apheresis 16:192–201, 2001.© 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Consanguineous hemolytic uremic syndrome secondary to Escherichia coli O157:H7 infection treated with aggressive therapeutic plasma exchange
Authors: Downes Katharine A. , Allen Kathleen , Sarode Ravindra , Yomtovian Roslyn 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe describe the successful management of an elderly husband and wife with Escherichia coli O157:H7 associated hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) treated with aggressive therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) with replacement with fresh frozen plasma. Following twelve TPEs (three 1.5 volume; nine 1 volume), the husband's platelet count increased from 45 × 109/L to 183 × 109/L. Following ten 1.5 volume TPEs, the wife's platelet count increased from 30 × 109/L to 193 × 109/L. This is the first known occurrence of E. coli O157:H7 associated HUS in an elderly husband and wife successfully treated with aggressive TPE. We conclude that early, aggressive TPE should be considered and may be life‐saving for E coli O157:H7 associated HUS in the elderly. J. Clin. Aperesis 16:155–156, 2001 © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Tubulin, actin, and tau protein interactions and the study of their macromolecular assemblies
Authors: Farias Gustavo A. , Muñoz Juan P. , Garrido Jorge , Maccioni Ricardo B. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe intracellular polymerization of cytoskeletal proteins into their supramolecular assemblies raises many questions regarding the regulatory patterns that control this process. Binding experiments using the ELISA solid phase system, together with protein assembly assays and electron microscopical studies provided clues on the protein–protein associations in the polymerization of tubulin and actin networks. In vitro reconstitution experiments of these cytoskeletal filaments using purified tau, tubulin, and actin proteins were carried out. Tau protein association with tubulin immobilized in a solid phase support system was inhibited by actin monomer, and a higher inhibition was attained in the presence of preassembled actin filaments. Conversely, tubulin and assembled microtubules strongly inhibited tau interaction with actin in the solid phase system. Actin filaments decreased the extent of in vitro tau‐induced tubulin assembly. Studies on the morphological aspects of microtubules and actin filaments coexisting in vitro, revealed the association between both cytoskeletal filaments, and in some cases, the presence of fine filamentous structures bridging these polymers. Immunogold studies showed the association of tau along polymerized microtubules and actin filaments, even though a preferential localization of labeled tau with microtubules was revealed. The studies provide further evidence for the involvement of tau protein in modulating the interactions of microtubules and actin polymers in the organization of the cytsokeletal network. J. Cell. Biochem. 85: 315–324, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
JNK phosphorylates the HSF1 transcriptional activation domain: Role of JNK in the regulation of the heat shock response
Authors: Park Jeonghyeon , Liu Alice Y.C. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe role of c‐Jun NH2‐terminal kinase (JNK) signaling cascade in the stress‐inducible phosphorylation of heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) was investigated using known agonists and antagonists of JNK. We showed that treatment of HeLa cells with MG132, a proteasome inhibitor and known JNK activator, caused the transcriptional activation domain of HSF1 to be targeted and phosphorylated by JNK2 in vivo. Dose‐response and time course studies of the effects of heat shock and anisomycin treatment showed a close correlation of the activation of JNK and hyperphosphorylation of HSF1. SB203580 inhibited JNK at the 100 μM concentration and significantly reduced the amount of hyperphosphorylated HSF1 upon heat shock or anisomycin treatment. SB203580 and dominant‐negative JNK suppress hsp70 promoter‐driven reporter gene expression selectively at 45°C but not at 42°C heat stress, suggesting that JNK would be preferentially associated with the protective heat shock response against severe heat stress. The possibility that JNK‐mediated phosphorylation of HSF1 may selectively stabilize the HSF1 protein and confers protection to cells under conditions of severe stress is discussed. J. Cell. Biochem. 82: 326–338, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
ERK 1,2 and p38 pathways are involved in the proliferative stimuli mediated by urokinase in osteoblastic SaOS‐2 cell line
Authors: Juretic Nevenka , Santibáñez Juan Francisco , Hurtado Claudia , Martínez Jorge 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBone metastases from prostate origin generate an osteoblastic reaction that is expressed in vitro by increased osteoblast proliferation. The urokinase‐like plasminogen activator (u‐PA) present in the media conditioned by tumoral prostatic cells acting as a ligand of the cellular membrane receptor (u‐PAR), has been identified as the specific factor that modulates this proliferative reaction. The present study represents an effort to unravel the intracellular pathway by which u‐PA activates osteoblastic proliferation and to evaluate the role of cellular receptor u‐PAR in this proliferative phenomenon. Our results show that in vitro u‐PA stimulates proliferation of SaOS‐2 osteoblastic cells by activating the MAP kinase route of ERK 1 and 2 and the p38 pathway. These results are in accordance with the inhibition of intermediate activation and cell proliferation by PD 098059 and SB 203580, specific inhibitors of MEK and p38, respectively. We also show that SaOS‐2 cells increase their proliferative response when cells are plated onto vitronectin, the second natural ligand of u‐PAR, and that culturing SaOS‐2 cells in the presence of u‐PA represents a stimuli for u‐PAR expression. On the basis of these results we propose that osteoblastic cells respond to the prostate‐derived u‐PA stimuli in a very efficient manner that includes the utilization of two different signaling routes and the stimulation of the expression of the u‐PA receptor. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A new molecular mechanics force field for the oxidized form of blue copper proteins
Authors: Comba Peter , Remenyi Rainer 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA molecular mechanics force field for blue copper proteins has been developed, based on a rigid potential energy surface scan of the CuII/His/His/Cys/Met chromophore, using DFT (B3LYP) calculations and the AMBER force field for the protein backbone. The strain–energy‐minimized structures of the model chromophore alone are in excellent agreement with the DFT‐optimized structure, and those of the entire set of cupredoxins (five structures are considered) are, within the experimental error limits, in good agreement with the single crystal structural data. However, the structural variation in the computed structures is much smaller than those in the experimental structures. It is shown that, due to the large error limits in the experimental data, a validation of the force field with experimental structural data is impossible because, within the error limits, all experimental structures considered are virtually identical. A validation on the basis of spectroscopic data and their correlation with experimental and computed structural data is proposed, and, as a first example, the correlation of intensity ratios of the charge transfer transitions with a specific distortion mode is presented. The quality of the correlation, using the computed structures, is higher than that with the X‐ray structures, and this indicates that the computed structures are meaningful. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 23: 697–705, 2002
Reference value of presenile human hematocrit and geographical factors
Authors: Miao Ge , Qingsheng Yang , Zhiyuan Ren , Hongxian Zhang , Yanfang Zhang , Shuyan Yin 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe aim of this study was to provide a scientific basis for a unified standard of the reference value of healthy presenile human hematocrit in China. We studied the relationship between the reference values of healthy presenile human hematocrit, tested according to Wintrobe’s laws, and five geographical factors. It was found that altitude is the most important factor affecting the reference value of the hematocrit. As the altitude gradually increases, the reference value of the hematocrit also increases. The relationship is quite significant. By using the method of stepwise regression analysis, two multivariate regression equations were deduced: Yˆ1 = 39.7 + 0.00328X1 + 0.00169X2 + 0.00117X5 ± 2.3, Yˆ2 = 38.8 + 0.00275X1 + 0.000578X2 –0.00298X4 ± 2.2 In these equations, Yˆ1 is the reference value of presenile men’s hematocrit (%); Yˆ2 is the reference value of presenile women’s hematocrit (%); X1 is altitude (m); X2 is the average annual hours of sunshine (h); X4 is the average annual temperature (°C), and X5 is the average annual precipitation (mm). If the geographical index values in a particular area in China are known, the reference value of presenile human hematocrit in this area can be calculated approximately by means of the regression equations. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 16:26–29, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Disclosure to therapists: What is and is not discussed in psychotherapy
Authors: Farber Barry A. , Hall Desnee 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis study used the 80‐item Disclosure to Therapist Inventory—R to investigate the nature of patient disclosure within therapy. Participants (45 men, 102 women) were all currently in therapy. A Principal Components Analyses with varimax rotation yielded nine meaningful factors; mean disclosure scores were lowest for the factors of Sexuality and Procreation and highest for the factors of Negative Affect and Intimacy. Specific items most extensively discussed included characteristics of parents that are disliked, and aspects of one's personality that are disliked or worrisome. No significant differences were found in overall degree of disclosure as a function of patient gender or shame‐proneness; disclosure was, however, found to be positively correlated with strength of the therapeutic alliance. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 58: 359–370, 2002.