bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of increased positive end expiratory pressure on brain tissue oxygenation and intracranial pressure in acute brain injury patients
Authors: Gouvea Bogossian Elisa , Cantos Joaquin , Farinella Anita , Nobile Leda , Njimi Hassane , Coppalini Giacomo , Diosdado Alberto , Salvagno Michele , Oliveira Gomes Fernando , Schuind Sophie , Anderloni Marco , Robba Chiara , Taccone Fabio Silvio 
Published: October 2023

AbstractCerebral hypoxia is an important cause of secondary brain injury. Improving systemic oxygenation may increase brain tissue oxygenation (PbtO2). The effects of increased positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) on PbtO2 and intracranial pressure (ICP) needs to be further elucidated. This is a single center retrospective cohort study (2016–2021) conducted in a 34-bed Department of Intensive Care unit. All patients with acute brain injury under mechanical ventilation who were monitored with intracranial pressure and brain tissue oxygenation (PbtO2) catheters and underwent at least one PEEP increment were included in the study. Primary outcome was the rate of PbtO2 responders (increase in PbtO2 > 20% of baseline) after PEEP increase. ΔPEEP was defined as the difference between PEEP at 1 h and PEEP at baseline; similarly ΔPbtO2 was defined as the difference between PbtO2 at 1 h after PEEP incrementation and PbtO2 at baseline. We included 112 patients who underwent 295 episodes of PEEP increase. Overall, the median PEEP increased form 6 (IQR 5–8) to 10 (IQR 8–12) cmH2O (p = 0.001), the median PbtO2 increased from 21 (IQR 16–29) mmHg to 23 (IQR 18–30) mmHg (p = 0.001), while ICP remained unchanged [from 12 (7–18) mmHg to 12 (7–17) mmHg; p = 0.42]. Of 163 episode of PEEP increments with concomitant PbtO2 monitoring, 34 (21%) were PbtO2 responders. A lower baseline PbtO2 (OR 0.83 [0.73–0.96)]) was associated with the probability of being responder. ICP increased in 142/295 episodes of PEEP increments (58%); no baseline variable was able to identify this response. In PbtO2 responders there was a moderate positive correlation between ΔPbtO2 and ΔPEEP (r = 0.459 [95% CI 0.133–0.696]. The response in PbtO2 and ICP to PEEP elevations in brain injury patients is highly variable. Lower PbtO2 values at baseline could predict a significant increase in brain oxygenation after PEEP increase.
Probiotic potentials of lactic acid bacteria isolated from Egyptian fermented food
Authors: Abdel Tawab Fatma I. , Abd Elkadr Menna H. , Sultan Amany M. , Hamed Ehdaa O. , El-Zayat Ayatollah S. , Ahmed Marwa N. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractLactic acid bacteria (LAB) are of major concern due to their health benefits. Fermented food products comprise variable LAB demonstrating probiotic properties. Discovering and evaluating new probiotics in fermented food products poses a global economic and health importance. Therefore, the present work aimed to investigate and evaluate the probiotic potentials of LAB strains isolated from Egyptian fermented food. In this study, we isolated and functionally characterized 100 bacterial strains isolated from different Egyptian fermented food sources as probiotics. Only four LAB strains amongst the isolated LAB showed probiotic attributes and are considered to be safe for their implementation as feed or dietary supplements. Additionally, they were shown to exert antimicrobial activities against pathogenic bacteria and anticancer effects against the colon cancer cell line Caco-2. The Enterococcus massiliensis IS06 strain was exclusively reported in this study as a probiotic strain with high antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-colon cancer activity. Hitherto, few studies have focused on elucidating the impact of probiotic supplementation in vivo. Therefore, in the current study, the safety of the four strains was tested in vivo through the supplementation of rats with potential probiotic strains for 21 days. The results revealed that probiotic bacterial supplementation in rats did not adversely affect the general health of rats. The Lactiplantibacillus plantarum IS07 strain significantly increased the growth performance of rats. Furthermore, the four strains exhibited increased levels of antioxidants such as superoxide dismutase and glutathione in vivo. Consistently, all strains also showed high antioxidant activity of the superoxide dismutase enzyme in vitro. Overall, these findings demonstrated that these isolated potential probiotics harbor desirable characteristics and can be applied widely as feed additives for animals or as dietary supplements for humans to exert their health benefits and combat serious diseases.
Extremal quantum correlation generation using a hybrid channel
Authors: Rahman Atta ur , Ali Hazrat , Zangi S. M. , Qiao Cong-Feng 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe preservation of quantum correlations requires optimal procedures and the proper design of the transmitting channels. In this regard, we address designing a hybrid channel comprising a single-mode cavity accompanied by a super-Gaussian beam and local dephasing parts based on the dynamics of quantum characteristics. We choose two-level atoms and various functions such as traced-distance discord, concurrence, and local-quantum uncertainty to analyze the effectiveness of the hybrid channel to preserve quantum correlations along with entropy suppression discussed using linear entropy. The joint configuration of the considered fields is found to not only preserve but also generate quantum correlations even in the presence of local dephasing. Most importantly, within certain limits, the proposed channel can be readily regulated to generate maximal quantum correlations and complete suppression of the disorder. Besides, compared to the individual parts, mixing the Fock state cavity, super-Gaussian beam, and local dephasing remains a resourceful choice for the prolonged quantum correlations’ preservation. Finally, we present an interrelationship between the considered two-qubit correlations’ functions, showing the deviation between each two correlations and of the considered state from maximal entanglement under the influence of the assumed hybrid channel.
The landscape ecological view of vertebrate species richness in urban areas across biogeographic realms
Authors: Huang Chun-Wei , Ooi Jia Qing , Yau Si Ying 
Published: October 2023

AbstractUnderstanding how the spatial arrangement of remnant green spaces in cities complements biodiversity provides an opportunity for synergy between urban development and biological conservation. However, the geography of urbanization is shifting from Europe and North America to Asia and Africa, and more research is needed for fast-growing regions. To understand how shifting urbanization shapes biodiversity patterns, we analyzed the contribution of landscape factors in explaining vertebrate species richness in urban areas across biogeographic realms. We used variation partitioning to quantify and compare the relative importance of landscape factors (composition and configuration) and environmental factors (climate, elevation, and latitude) in explaining vertebrate species richness in landscapes with at least a million inhabitants across biogeographic realms. Our results pointed out that in the Indo-Malayan, the Afrotropical, and the Neotropical realm (on average of 16.46%) and China and India (11.88%), the influence of landscape factors on vertebrate species richness are significantly higher than that of the Palearctic and Nearctic realms (6.48%). Our findings outline the importance of landscape composition and configuration in shaping biodiversity patterns in regions with fast urban growth during the next two decades, such as Africa, Latin America, and Southeastern Asia. We suggest improving land governance and urban planning to construct eco-friendly landscape structures to mitigate biodiversity loss due to urbanization.
A versatile regulatory toolkit of arabinose-inducible artificial transcription factors for Enterobacteriaceae
Authors: Naseri Gita , Raasch Hannah , Charpentier Emmanuelle , Erhardt Marc 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe Gram-negative bacteriaSalmonella entericaandEscherichia coliare important model organisms, powerful prokaryotic expression platforms for biotechnological applications, and pathogenic strains constitute major public health threats. To facilitate new approaches for research and biotechnological applications, we here develop a set of arabinose-inducible artificial transcription factors (ATFs) using CRISPR/dCas9 andArabidopsis-derived DNA-binding proteins to control gene expression inE. coliandSalmonellaover a wide inducer concentration range. The transcriptional output of the different ATFs, in particular when expressed inSalmonellarewired for arabinose catabolism, varies over a wide spectrum (up to 35-fold gene activation). As a proof-of-concept, we use the developed ATFs to engineer aSalmonellatwo-input biosensor strain, SALSOR 0.2 (SALmonella biosenSOR 0.2), which detects and quantifies alkaloid drugs through a measurable fluorescent output. Moreover, we use plant-derived ATFs to regulate β-carotene biosynthesis inE. coli, resulting in ~2.1-fold higher β-carotene production compared to expression of the biosynthesis pathway using a strong constitutive promoter.
Accelerating the prediction of CO2 capture at low partial pressures in metal-organic frameworks using new machine learning descriptors
Authors: Orhan Ibrahim B. , Le Tu C. , Babarao Ravichandar , Thornton Aaron W. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMetal-Organic frameworks (MOFs) have been considered for various gas storage and separation applications. Theoretically, there are an infinite number of MOFs that can be created; however, a finite amount of resources are available to evaluate each one. Computational methods can be adapted to expedite the process of evaluation. In the context of CO2 capture, this paper investigates the method of screening MOFs using machine learning trained on molecular simulation data. New descriptors are introduced to aid this process. Using all descriptors, it is shown that machine learning can predict the CO2 adsorption, with an R2 of above 0.9. The introduced Effective Point Charge (EPoCh) descriptors, which assign values to frameworks’ partial charges based on the expected CO2 uptake of an equivalent point charge in isolation, are shown to be the second most important group of descriptors, behind the Henry coefficient. Furthermore, the EPoCh descriptors are hundreds of thousands of times faster to obtain compared with the Henry coefficient, and they achieve similar results when identifying top candidates for CO2 capture using pseudo-classification predictions.
Integrating stability metrics with high-throughput computational screening of metal–organic frameworks for CO2 capture
Authors: Mohamed Saad Aldin , Zhao Daohui , Jiang Jianwen 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMetal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have been considered a unique class of hybrid materials for a wide variety of potential applications. With the existence of almost infinite MOFs, high-throughput computational screening (HTCS) is a robust technique to accelerate the search for promising MOFs. However, conventional HTCS studies reported in the literature neglect the stability of MOFs, which must be considered for practical applications. Here we integrate four stability metrics (thermodynamic, mechanical, thermal, and activation) with HTCS to identify top-performing, synthesizable, and stable hypothetical MOFs for CO2 capture. The thermodynamic and mechanical stabilities are evaluated through molecular dynamics simulations, while the activation and thermal stabilities are predicted using machine learning models. Finally, we identify top-performing hypothetical MOFs satisfying all these stability metrics. This study underlines the central importance of integrating stability metrics when screening MOFs for applications.
Climate change is narrowing and shifting prescribed fire windows in western United States
Authors: Swain Daniel L. , Abatzoglou John T. , Kolden Crystal , Shive Kristen , Kalashnikov Dmitri A. , Singh Deepti , Smith Edward 
Published: October 2023

AbstractEscalating wildfire activity in the western United States has accelerated adverse societal impacts. Observed increases in wildfire severity and impacts to communities have diverse anthropogenic causes—including the legacy of fire suppression policies, increased development in high-risk zones, and aridification by a warming climate. However, the intentional use of fire as a vegetation management tool, known as “prescribed fire,” can reduce the risk of destructive fires and restore ecosystem resilience. Prescribed fire implementation is subject to multiple constraints, including the number of days characterized by weather and vegetation conditions conducive to achieving desired outcomes. Here, we quantify observed and projected trends in the frequency and seasonality of western United States prescribed fire days. We find that while ~2 C of global warming by 2060 will reduce such days overall (−17%), particularly during spring (−25%) and summer (−31%), winter (+4%) may increasingly emerge as a comparatively favorable window for prescribed fire especially in northern states.
Accuracy of Undergraduate Students' Language Sample Analysis in Online and Face-to-Face Courses
Authors: Bitetti Dana 
Published: October 2023

Purpose:
Language sample analysis (LSA) is an essential part of evaluations for young children, but few studies have investigated whether instructional methods for teaching LSA are effective based on student outcomes. Furthermore, with the growth of online coursework, there is a need to understand whether student outcomes differ depending on instructional modality. This study examined the results of an LSA project from two classes, online and face to face. Research questions addressed whether the measures calculated by the students differed significantly from the values derived by the instructor and whether the results of each language sample measure differed between the two classes.

Method:
There were 39 total participants: eight online students and 31 face-to-face students. Students transcribed an audio sample of a mother conversing with her 3-year-old son. Students calculated the number of complete and intelligible utterances, mean length of utterance in words (MLU-w), MLU in morphemes (MLU-m), number of total words (NTW), number of different words (NDW), and type–token ratio (TTR).

Results:
When compared to the instructor's values, students' results were significantly different for measures that involved totals (complete and intelligible utterances, NTW, NDW). However, the students used these values to calculate MLU-w, MLU-m, and TTR numbers that were not significantly different from those of the instructor. Results also indicated that there were no differences between the class calculations for most measures.

Conclusion:
Results are discussed considering how they inform the evidence-based teaching practices of instructors who are teaching undergraduate courses in communication sciences and disorders.
OTA testing of near‐field and far‐field communication links
Authors: Korunur Engiz B. , Lodro M. , Greedy S. , Thomas D.W.P. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn this work, near‐field and far‐field link measurement in metal enclosure environment is performed. The performance of near‐field and far‐field links are assessed using key performance indicators such as error vector magnitude, bit error rate, and signal‐to‐noise ratio. The metal enclosure is placed in an anechoic chamber, ensuring a stationary measurement environment. There are no external interference sources and the results are a function of near‐field and far‐field scenarios and hardware impairments. In measurements, software‐defined radios used for the transmission and reception of image data using the long‐term evolution‐advanced physical layer. Based on the results of the study, an optimum gain region can be determined where better key performance indicators are achieved. Furthermore, the frequency selectivity of the channel is reduced within the determined optimum gain region, leading to an improvement in the system's performance.
Robust positive control of tumour growth using angiogenic inhibition
Authors: Homayounzade Mohamadreza , Homayounzadeh Maryam , Khooban Mohammad Hassan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn practice, many physical systems, including physiological ones, can be considered whose input can take only positive quantities. However, most of the conventional control methods do not support the positivity of the main input data to the system. Furthermore, the parameters of these systems, similar to other non‐linear systems, are either not accurately identified or may change over time. Therefore, it is reasonable to design a controller that is robust against system uncertainties. A robust positive‐input control method is proposed for the automatic treatment of targeted anti‐angiogenic therapy implementing a recently published tumour growth model based on experiments conducted on mouse models. The backstepping (BS) approach is applied to design the positive input controller using sensory data of tumour volume as feedback. Unlike previous studies, the proposed controller only requires the measurement of tumour volume and does not require the measurement of inhibitor level. The exponential stability of the controlled system is proved mathematically using the Lyapunov theorem. As a result, the convergence rate of the tumour volume can be controlled, which is an important issue in cancer treatment. Moreover, the robustness of the system against parametric uncertainties is verified mathematically using the Lyapunov theorem. The real‐time simulation results‐based (OPAL‐RT) and comparisons with previous studies confirm the theoretical findings and effectiveness of the proposed method.
Postdischarge Opioid Prescription after Cesarean: A Quality Improvement Initiative
Authors: Pellino Katherine T. , Kershner Alexandra , Peterson Erika L. 
Published: October 2023

Objective This study aims to determine if adoption of a user-friendly algorithm for individualized opioid prescribing at discharge would decrease the number of opioids prescribed after cesarean delivery.
Study Design As part of a quality initiative, we developed and implemented an algorithm for opioid prescribing at discharge for patients after cesarean delivery. The intervention group comprised patients delivering by cesarean in the 6 months following initiation of the intervention. The intervention group was divided into three groups based on inpatient opioid needs 24 to 48 hours after delivery. Oxycodone tablets were prescribed at discharge based on inpatient group. The control group comprised patients delivering at the same institution in the 6 months prior to initiation of the intervention. The primary outcome was number of oxycodone tablets prescribed at discharge. The secondary outcome was the proportion of patients with a pain-related encounter or additional oxycodone prescription up to 6 weeks after delivery.
Results From July to December 2020, a total of 382 subjects met criteria for the intervention. The comparison group consisted of 391 subjects discharged from January to June 30, 2020, after cesarean. Baseline characteristics and inpatient opioid use 24 to 48 hours after delivery did not differ between the groups. Compared with the control group, subjects in the intervention group had fewer oxycodone tablets prescribed at discharge (11.1 vs. 15.8, p < 0.001). The number of pain-related encounters within 6 weeks of delivery did not differ between the intervention and comparison groups (10.5 vs. 10.3%, p = 0.82). There was no increase in the additional number of oxycodone prescriptions after discharge (4.7% in the intervention group vs. 4.3% in the control group, p = 0.81).
Conclusion Discharge opioid prescribing based on inpatient use after cesarean reduces the number of opioids prescribed without increasing the number of pain-related encounters after discharge. A simple algorithm may ensure compliance from prescribers.
Key Points
Nurse Practitioner Students' Knowledge Assessment and Perceived Preparedness to Triage Ophthalmology Complaints in a Primary Care Setting: An Educational Intervention
Authors: Reilly Grace R. , Russell Nancy G. , McIltrot Kimberly , Sisson Stephen D. , Scott Adrienne W. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Purpose In this proof-of-concept pilot study, we aimed to increase nurse practitioner (NP) student knowledge of ophthalmology to prepare NPs for encounters in primary care settings. The Association of University Professors of Ophthalmology (AUPO) and the American Academy of Ophthalmology (AAO) endorse core knowledge that medical students should achieve. We assess the effectiveness of an innovative ophthalmologist-led curriculum based on these competencies tailored to issues NPs encounter in primary care.
Methods Johns Hopkins University NP students enrolled in a pre–post-cohort study and educational intervention. The didactic program was developed according to AUPO and AAO core ophthalmology content for medical students and was taught in-person by an ophthalmologist. Pre–post-assessments evaluated students' perceived readiness to encounter ophthalmic issues in the clinic and baseline knowledge of core competencies of ophthalmology.
Results A total of 42 NP students were included in the analysis. NP students improved in core knowledge and readiness to encounter ophthalmology issues. After the educational event, there was a statistically significant improvement in students' ratings of preparedness to obtain a focused history, exam, perform initial management and decide the urgency of a referral for acute painless vision loss (p < 0.001), chronic vision loss (p < 0.001), or a patient with a red/painful eye (p < 0.001). Students showed a statistically significant improvement in postdidactic event core ophthalmology knowledge assessment scores (p = 0.002).
Conclusion Primary care NPs are increasingly the initial point of contact for patients with ophthalmic complaints, and thus, high-quality and thorough education regarding ophthalmology triage and referral for NPs is necessary. NP student comfort with and knowledge of ophthalmic complaints and triage may be improved by a brief educational intervention taught by an ophthalmologist early in the NP curriculum.
Management of Bilateral Foreign Objects in Immature Permanent Maxillary Central Incisors: A Case Report
Authors: Chourasia Hemant Ramesh 
Published: October 2023

AbstractTraumatic dental injuries are more commonly seen in children and it often results in a complicated crown fracture. This case is unique as foreign objects in the form of hand-sewing needles were accidentally lodged bilaterally in both maxillary central incisors. A 13-year-old patient was referred to the Dental Clinics at the College of Dentistry, Jazan University with a complaint of broken needles in her front teeth and a history of trauma 3 years ago. Although the patient had the habit of using a hand-sewing needle to remove the lodged food particles from the open pulp chamber, she was not able to recollect the incidence of needle separations. Radiographic examination revealed radiopaque objects in the middle third of the right maxillary central incisor (#11) and in the apical third of the left maxillary central incisor (#21). Tooth #11 was clinically diagnosed as pulp necrosis with chronic apical abscess and tooth #21 as pulp necrosis with asymptomatic apical periodontitis. The micro tweezer from the broken instrument removal kit (Zumax Medical Co.,Ltd., Jiangsu, China) was used to retrieve the separated needle pieces under the operating microscope. The open apices were managed by the formation of mineral trioxide aggregate apical plug, and the procedure of root reinforcement was achieved by bonded resin cement and fiber resin posts. Finally, teeth were restored with dual cure core build-up composite material and direct composite veneers. Recommendations are made to treat complicated crown fractures, especially in children on priority to minimize the risk of foreign object impaction.