bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Collaborative dialogue patterns of pair programming and their impact on programming self‐efficacy and coding performance
Authors: Tan Jinbo , Wu Lei , Ma Shanshan 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate the collaborative dialogue patterns of pair programming and their impact on programming self‐efficacy and coding performance for both slow‐ and fast‐paced students. Forty‐six postgraduate students participated in the study. The students were asked to solve programming problems in pairs; those pairs' conversations were recorded when they worked on their tasks. Data analysis methods, including lag sequential analysis, cluster analysis and paired t‐test, were employed, and the results showed that (1) four collaborative dialogue patterns emerged: Lecture, Guide, Question and Answer (Q&A), and Inquiry patterns; (2) Guide and Inquiry patterns significantly increased programming self‐efficacy for both fast‐ and slow‐paced students while Lecture and Q&A patterns significantly increased programming self‐efficacy for slow‐paced students but not for fast‐paced students; (3) Guide and Inquiry patterns played a significant role in improving coding performance for slow‐paced students. The study reveals a complex relationship between collaborative dialogue patterns with programming self‐efficacy and coding performance, critically affecting students' pair programming quality. Further details of the findings are also discussed.
Practitioner notesWhat is already known about this topic

Pair programming is promising in promoting problem solving and knowledge transfer and is widely used in programming education.
There are different patterns observed in the pair programming process.
Collaborative dialogue patterns found in “expert‐novice” pair programming were derived from a single programming task.
What this paper adds

Four collaborative dialogue patterns of pair programming emerged by increasing the different tasks and experiment duration and expanding the sample size, which further verified the stability of the similar patterns in previous studies.
Four collaborative dialogue patterns showed different significant impacts on different students' programming self‐efficacy and coding performance.
This study presents the finer‐grained characteristics of collaborative interaction in programmer pairs and contributes to the explanation regarding the different effects of pair programming reported in previous studies.
Implications for practice and/or policy

Four collaborative dialogue patterns can help the teachers understand the collaborative process of pair programming between fast‐ and slow‐paced students.
The collaborative dialogue patterns can be used to formulate effective intervention strategies to stimulate the process of collaboration in pairs and applied in future programming education to provide a new path for cultivating and promoting students' programming abilities.
It is worth further investigating the impact of collaborative dialogue patterns on students' computational thinking.
Impacts of coprophagic foraging behaviour on the avian gut microbiome
Authors: Dunbar Alice , Drigo Barbara , Djordjevic Steven P. , Donner Erica , Hoye Bethany J. 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACTAvian gut microbial communities are complex and play a fundamental role in regulating biological functions within an individual. Although it is well established that diet can influence the structure and composition of the gut microbiota, foraging behaviour may also play a critical, yet unexplored role in shaping the composition, dynamics, and adaptive potential of avian gut microbiota. In this review, we examine the potential influence of coprophagic foraging behaviour on the establishment and adaptability of wild avian gut microbiomes. Coprophagy involves the ingestion of faeces, sourced from either self (autocoprophagy), conspecific animals (allocoprophagy), or heterospecific animals. Much like faecal transplant therapy, coprophagy may (i) support the establishment of the gut microbiota of young precocial species, (ii) directly and indirectly provide nutritional and energetic requirements, and (iii) represent a mechanism by which birds can rapidly adapt the microbiota to changing environments and diets. However, in certain contexts, coprophagy may also pose risks to wild birds, and their microbiomes, through increased exposure to chemical pollutants, pathogenic microbes, and antibiotic‐resistant microbes, with deleterious effects on host health and performance. Given the potentially far‐reaching consequences of coprophagy for avian microbiomes, and the dearth of literature directly investigating these links, we have developed a predictive framework for directing future research to understand better when and why wild birds engage in distinct types of coprophagy, and the consequences of this foraging behaviour. There is a need for comprehensive investigation into the influence of coprophagy on avian gut microbiotas and its effects on host health and performance throughout ontogeny and across a range of environmental perturbations. Future behavioural studies combined with metagenomic approaches are needed to provide insights into the function of this poorly understood behaviour.
Changes in thyroid function and evolution of subclinical thyroid disease in older men
Authors: Tan Stephanie Y. , Chubb S. A. Paul , Flicker Leon , Almeida Osvaldo P. , Golledge Jonathan , Hankey Graeme J. , Yeap Bu B. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractObjectivePrevalence of subclinical thyroid disease increases with age, but optimal detection and surveillance strategies remain unclear particularly for older men. We aimed to assess thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and free thyroxine (FT4) concentrations and their longitudinal changes, to determine the prevalence and incidence of subclinical thyroid dysfunction in older men.Design, Participants and MeasurementsLongitudinal study of 994 community‐dwelling men aged ≥70 years without known or current thyroid disease, with TSH and FT4 concentrations assessed at baseline and follow‐up (after 8.7 ± 0.9 years). Factors associated with incident subclinical thyroid dysfunction were examined by logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic analyses.ResultsAt baseline, 85 men (8.6%) had subclinical hypothyroidism and 10 (1.0%) subclinical hyperthyroidism. Among 899 men euthyroid at baseline (mean age 75.0 ± 3.0 years), 713 (79.3%) remained euthyroid, 180 (20.0%) developed subclinical/overt hypothyroidism, and 6 (0.7%) subclinical/overt hyperthyroidism. Change in TSH correlated with baseline TSH (r = .16, p < .05). Change in FT4 correlated inversely with baseline FT4 (r = −0.35, p < .05). Only higher age and baseline TSH predicted progression from euthyroid to subclinical/overt hypothyroidism (fully‐adjusted odds ratio [OR] per year=1.09, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.02‐1.17, p = .006; per 2.7‐fold increase in TSH OR = 65.4, CI = 31.9‐134, p < .001). Baseline TSH concentration ≥2.34 mIU/L had 76% sensitivity and 77% specificity for predicting development of subclinical/overt hypothyroidism.ConclusionsIn older men TSH concentration increased over time, while FT4 concentration showed little change. Subclinical or overt hypothyroidism evolved in one fifth of initially euthyroid men, age and higher baseline TSH predicted this outcome. Increased surveillance for thyroid dysfunction may be justified in older men, especially those with high‐normal TSH.
Association of early‐stage incidence and mortality in malignant melanoma – a population‐based ecological study
Authors: Schumann Laura , Eisemann Nora , Augustin Jobst , Kieschke Joachim , Meyer Martin , Kajüter Hiltraud , Katalinic Alexander 
Published: December 2023

SummaryBackgroundGermany‐wide skin cancer screening was introduced in 2008 to reduce skin cancer mortality and morbidity. However, the effectiveness of the program is still unclear. We explore the relationship between early‐stage melanoma incidence and melanoma mortality in subsequent years, using early‐stage melanoma incidence as surrogate for screening participation and early detection.Patients and MethodsData on melanoma incidence for 2005–2016 and melanoma mortality for 2005–2018 were obtained for 244 German counties. We investigated the correlation between several measures of incidence and mortality with correlation analyses and linear regressions.ResultsMelanoma incidence of early stages (in situ and T1) rose by 69% between pre‐screening (2005–2007) and screening period (2008–2010). In contrast, there was no temporal trend in mortality over time. Correlation coefficients between incidence and mortality variables ranged between –0.14 and 0.10 (not significant). Linear regression indicated that mortality 6 years after screening introduction decreases with increasing change in early‐stage incidence (b = –0.0029, 95% confidence interval [–0.0066, 0.0007]).ConclusionsThe estimated population‐based effects of skin cancer screening on melanoma mortality were minimal and not significant. A potential effectiveness cannot be demonstrated.
Zusammenhang zwischen der Inzidenz früher Stadien und der Mortalität beim malignen Melanom – eine bevölkerungsbasierte ökologische Studie
Authors: Schumann Laura , Eisemann Nora , Augustin Jobst , Kieschke Joachim , Meyer Martin , Kajüter Hiltraud , Katalinic Alexander 
Published: December 2023

ZusammenfassungHintergrundIn Deutschland wurde 2008 ein flächendeckendes Hautkrebsscreening eingeführt, um die Hautkrebsmortalität und ‐morbidität zu senken. Noch unklar ist jedoch die Wirksamkeit des Programms. Wir untersuchen den Zusammenhang zwischen der Inzidenz von Melanom‐Frühstadien und Melanom‐Mortalität in den Folgejahren, wobei die Inzidenz von Melanom‐Frühstadien als Surrogatparameter für Screening‐Teilnahme und Früherkennung verwendet wird.MethodikFür 244 deutsche Landkreise wurden Daten zur Melanom‐Inzidenz von 2005–2016 und zur Melanom‐Mortalität von 2005–2018 erhoben. Die Zusammenhänge zwischen verschiedenen Maßen der Inzidenz und Mortalität wurden mit Korrelationsanalysen und linearen Regressionen untersucht.ErgebnisseDie Melanom‐Inzidenz früher Stadien (in situ und T1) stieg nach Einführung des Screenings (2005–2007 vs. 2008–2010) um 69%. Im Gegensatz dazu gab es bei der Mortalität keinen zeitlichen Trend. Die Korrelationen zwischen Inzidenz‐ und Mortalitätsvariablen lagen zwischen –0,14 und 0,10 (nicht signifikant). Die linearen Regressionsanalysen ergaben, dass die Mortalität sechs Jahre nach Einführung des Screenings mit zunehmendem Anstieg der Inzidenz früher Stadien abnimmt (b = –0,0029, 95%‐Konfidenzintervall [–0,0066; 0,0007]).SchlussfolgerungenDie geschätzten bevölkerungsbezogenen Auswirkungen des Hautkrebsscreenings auf die Melanom‐Mortalität waren minimal und nicht signifikant. Eine mögliche Wirksamkeit kann daher nicht nachgewiesen werden.
Endogenous property rights and the nature of the firm
Authors: Guerriero Carmine , Pignataro Giuseppe 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWhile focusing on residual control rights, the property rights theory of the firm overlooks that the legal protection of each party's input shapes its ex post bargaining power. To evaluate this issue, we assume that the property rights on the inputs are selected by a legislator to maximize full investment and, conditional on this goal being reached, minimize inefficient deviations to intermediate investment profiles. Our model delivers three key novel implications. First, the strength of a party's property rights is related negatively to the strength of its residual control rights and determines entirely its ex ante incentives to invest. Second, the legislator tends to protect a firm less when its default payoff under its preferred ownership structure is larger and when its contribution to the relationship is the greatest. Finally, the extent of integration falls weakly with the default payoffs and displays an inverted U‐shaped link with the intensity of the downstream firm's investment activity. Crucially, these predictions are consistent with the relationships between proxies for the strength of the downstream firms' property rights and firms' presence in the value chain, and measures of asset specificity and R&D intensity for 119 countries observed over the 2006–18 period.
Laboratory evaluation of interspecific mating between Zeugodacus fruit flies and Bactrocera dorsalis
Authors: Huang Yu‐Bing , Hong Chuan‐Jie , Chou Ming‐Yi 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe increasing number of tephritid pest invasions worldwide highlights the importance of interspecific interactions among tephritid pests. The melon fly [Zeugodacus cucurbitae (Coquillett)], the pumpkin fruit fly [Zeugodacus tau (Walker)], and the oriental fruit fly [Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel)] (all Diptera: Tephritidae) are neotropical fruit flies with overlapping distributions. Their interactions during mating hours have rarely been observed in nature due to their nocturnal behavior. Here, laboratory studies were conducted under no‐choice and choice conditions to quantify interspecific mating. The interactions during mating hours resulted in interspecific mating, which reduced conspecific mating success and interrupted mating activity patterns. Successful interspecific mating pairs of Z. cucurbitae and Z. tau were recorded in no‐choice and choice tests. Interspecific mating between male Z. cucurbitae and female Z. tau significantly reduced conspecific mating in Z. tau. Observations of the diel mating activity patterns showed that male Z. cucurbitae initiated calling behaviors earlier than Z. tau males, giving Z. cucurbitae more chances to court Z. tau. Though males of neither Zeugodacus species formed mating pairs with B. dorsalis, Zeugodacus males reduced conspecific mating in B. dorsalis in the choice trials. Thus, interspecific interactions among Z. cucurbitae, Z. tau, and B. dorsalis affected conspecific mating; interrupted conspecific mating activity patterns were recorded in all three species. This information could be used to improve management practices.
Impact of gaming disorder on first episode psychosis patients' evolution: Protocol for a multicentered prospective study
Authors: Huot‐Lavoie Maxime , Desmeules Charles , Corbeil Olivier , Béchard Laurent , Brodeur Sébastien , Essiambre Anne‐Marie , Thériault Chantale , Anderson Elizabeth , Bachand Lauryann , Haider Zain Al‐Aabideen , Abdel‐Baki Amal , Khazaal Yasser , Giroux Isabelle , Demers Marie‐France , Roy Marc‐André 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAimsThe objective of this study is to underline the impact of Gaming Disorder on the clinical evolution of patients with First Episode Psychosis. The specific aims of the study are to determine the prevalence of gaming disorder among those patients and assess the consequences of gaming on their clinical trajectory.MethodsThis is a prospective multicenter cohort study that will enrol 800 patients diagnosed with a first episode psychosis, with a follow‐up period of up to 3 years. Using a systematic screening procedure for gaming disorder, the clinical staff will assess patients gaming habits at admission and every 6 months thereafter. Information from patients' medical records will also be extracted using the same timeframe.ResultsThe patients' characteristics at admission and during follow‐up will be presented in the form of descriptive statistics and compared between different subgroups of patients using uni‐ and multivariate logistic regression models. Repeated measures ANCOVA will also be performed to analyse the impact of gaming disorders on patients' clinical path as assessed by the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale and the Clinical Global Impression scale, considering covariates such as psychiatric diagnosis, pharmacological treatment, age, sex/gender, and duration of untreated psychosis.ConclusionThese findings will guide the development of prevention, detection, and treatment strategies for the comorbidity between gaming disorder and first episode psychosis, ultimately improving the patients' recovery.
A systematic review of ChatGPT use in K‐12 education
Authors: Zhang Peng , Tur Gemma 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis systematic review, adhering to the PRISMA framework, investigated the utilisation of ChatGPT, a language model developed by OpenAI, throughout Kindergarten to 12th grade (K‐12) educational settings. The review synthesises findings from 13 selected papers, encompassing the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) analysis of ChatGPT's implementation in K‐12 education, implications for various stakeholders, and practical recommendations. It is highlighted that ChatGPT could empower educators through curriculum, lesson planning, materials generation, differentiation, and optimising student learning experience through personalised learning. However, concerns regarding academic integrity and output quality must be addressed. The paper provides pedagogical recommendations and ethical considerations to utilise ChatGPT better. It contributes to the ongoing discourse about AI, particularly ChatGPT's role in K‐12 education, further inspiring future research and educational practices and facilitating the effective integration of ChatGPT into K‐12 educational settings where collaboration arises as a key role, in particular under the approach of co‐design for learning.
Beta‐ and gamma‐band cortico‐cortical interactions support naturalistic reading of continuous text
Authors: Kujala Jan , Mäkelä Sasu , Ojala Pauliina , Hyönä Jukka , Salmelin Riitta 
Published: December 2023

AbstractLarge‐scale integration of information across cortical structures, building on neural connectivity, has been proposed to be a key element in supporting human cognitive processing. In electrophysiological neuroimaging studies of reading, quantification of neural interactions has been limited to the level of isolated words or sentences due to artefacts induced by eye movements. Here, we combined magnetoencephalography recording with advanced artefact rejection tools to investigate both cortico‐cortical coherence and directed neural interactions during naturalistic reading of full‐page texts. Our results show that reading versus visual scanning of text was associated with wide‐spread increases of cortico‐cortical coherence in the beta and gamma bands. We further show that the reading task was linked to increased directed neural interactions compared to the scanning task across a sparse set of connections within a wide range of frequencies. Together, the results demonstrate that neural connectivity flexibly builds on different frequency bands to support continuous natural reading.
Niche differentiation, reproductive interference, and range expansion
Authors: Grether Gregory F. , Finneran Ann E. , Drury Jonathan P. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractUnderstanding species distributions and predicting future range shifts requires considering all relevant abiotic factors and biotic interactions. Resource competition has received the most attention, but reproductive interference is another widespread biotic interaction that could influence species ranges. Rubyspot damselflies (Hetaerina spp.) exhibit a biogeographic pattern consistent with the hypothesis that reproductive interference has limited range expansion. Here, we use ecological niche models to evaluate whether this pattern could have instead been caused by niche differentiation. We found evidence for climatic niche differentiation, but the species that encounters the least reproductive interference has one of the narrowest and most peripheral niches. These findings strengthen the case that reproductive interference has limited range expansion and also provide a counterexample to the idea that release from negative species interactions triggers niche expansion. We propose that release from reproductive interference enables species to expand in range while specializing on the habitats most suitable for breeding.
Prediction tools and risk stratification in epilepsy surgery
Authors: Hadady Levente , Sperling Michael R. , Alcala‐Zermeno Juan Luis , French Jacqueline A. , Dugan Patricia , Jehi Lara , Fabó Dániel , Klivényi Péter , Rubboli Guido , Beniczky Sándor 
Published: December 2023

AbstractObjectiveThis study was undertaken to conduct external validation of previously published epilepsy surgery prediction tools using a large independent multicenter dataset and to assess whether these tools can stratify patients for being operated on and for becoming free of disabling seizures (International League Against Epilepsy stage 1 and 2).MethodsWe analyzed a dataset of 1562 patients, not used for tool development. We applied two scales: Epilepsy Surgery Grading Scale (ESGS) and Seizure Freedom Score (SFS); and two versions of Epilepsy Surgery Nomogram (ESN): the original version and the modified version, which included electroencephalographic data. For the ESNs, we used calibration curves and concordance indexes. We stratified the patients into three tiers for assessing the chances of attaining freedom from disabling seizures after surgery: high (ESGS = 1, SFS = 3–4, ESNs > 70%), moderate (ESGS = 2, SFS = 2, ESNs = 40%–70%), and low (ESGS = 2, SFS = 0–1, ESNs < 40%). We compared the three tiers as stratified by these tools, concerning the proportion of patients who were operated on, and for the proportion of patients who became free of disabling seizures.ResultsThe concordance indexes for the various versions of the nomograms were between .56 and .69. Both scales (ESGS, SFS) and nomograms accurately stratified the patients for becoming free of disabling seizures, with significant differences among the three tiers (p < .05). In addition, ESGS and the modified ESN accurately stratified the patients for having been offered surgery, with significant difference among the three tiers (p < .05).SignificanceESGS and the modified ESN (at thresholds of 40% and 70%) stratify patients undergoing presurgical evaluation into three tiers, with high, moderate, and low chance for favorable outcome, with significant differences between the groups concerning having surgery and becoming free of disabling seizures. Stratifying patients for epilepsy surgery has the potential to help select the optimal candidates in underprivileged areas and better allocate resources in developed countries.
Detection of native, activated Notch receptors in normal human apocrine‐bearing skin and in hidradenitis suppurativa
Authors: Stabell Siri Hansen , Renzi Anastasia , Nilsen Hogne Røed , Antonsen Olaf Harald , Fosse Johanna Hol , Haraldsen Guttorm , Sundnes Olav 
Published: December 2023

AbstractNotch signalling has generated considerable interest as a pathogenetic factor and a drug target in a range of human diseases. The gamma‐secretase complex is crucial in the activation of Notch receptors by cleaving the intracellular domain allowing nuclear translocation. In recent years several mutations in gamma‐secretase components have been discovered in patients with familial hidradenitis suppurativa (HS). This has led to hypotheses that impaired Notch signalling could be an important driver for HS in general, not only in the monogenic variants. However, no study has examined in situ Notch activation per se in HS, and some reports with conflicting results have instead been based on expression of Notch receptors or indirect measures of Notch target gene expression. In this study we established immunostaining protocols to identify native, activated Notch receptors in human skin tissue. The ability to detect changes in Notch activation was confirmed with an ex vivo skin organ model in which signal was reduced or obliterated in tissue exposed to a gamma‐secretase inhibitor. Using these methods on skin biopsies from healthy volunteers and a general HS cohort we demonstrated for the first time the distribution of active Notch signalling in human apocrine‐bearing skin. Quantification of activated NOTCH1 & NOTCH2 revealed similar levels in non‐lesional and peri‐lesional HS to that of healthy controls, thus ruling out a general defect in Notch activation in HS patients. We did find a variable but significant reduction of activated Notch in epidermis of lesional HS with a distribution that appeared related to the extent of surrounding tissue inflammation.