bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prey Community Responses to Bluegill and Gizzard Shad Foraging: Implications for Growth of Juvenile Largemouth Bass
Authors: Aday D. Derek , Shoup Daniel E. , Neviackas Justin A. , Kline Jeffrey L. , Wahl David H. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractBluegill Lepomis macrochirus, gizzard shad Dorosoma cepedianum, and largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides are common lentic species that may compete for invertebrate prey resources, and interactions among these species can have important consequences for aquatic community structure. Differential foraging behavior of bluegills and gizzard shad as juveniles, for example, may structure zooplankton and benthos communities and influence the growth of juvenile largemouth bass. We conducted a mesocosm experiment (1.6‐m‐diameter circular tanks) in which we allowed high and low densities of juvenile bluegills (70–100 mm total length [TL]) and gizzard shad (135–155 mm TL) to forage on established zooplankton and benthos communities for 6 weeks. After this period, we added juvenile largemouth bass (50–80 mm TL) to each tank for 4 weeks to examine growth and diets. Although foraging by bluegill and gizzard shad had limited effects on the total population densities of invertebrates, important taxon‐specific effects were observed. At the time that largemouth bass were added to tanks, bluegill treatments exhibited a higher macrozooplankton density, higher turbidity, and lower density of larval hydrophilid coleopterans than did gizzard shad or control treatments. The growth of juvenile largemouth bass was strongly influenced by treatment; largemouth bass grew at similar rates in the gizzard shad and control treatments but lost weight in the bluegill treatments. We suggest that bluegills compete with juvenile largemouth bass for preferred prey items, thereby limiting largemouth bass growth. Further, our results demonstrate that the presence of larger gizzard shad may not have the negative implications observed in previous studies with smaller individuals. Knowledge of the relative, size‐specific abundances of bluegills and gizzard shad should provide resource managers with valuable information for developing initiatives aimed at maximizing the growth of juvenile largemouth bass.
Achieving Individual‐Nanotube Dispersion at High Loading in Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotube Composites (Adv. Mater. 2005, 8, 980)
Authors: Graff R. A. , Swanson J. P. , Barone P. W. , Baik S. , Heller D. A. , Strano M. S. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractTo view the original paper use http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adma.200401218>.
Inside Front Cover: Line Defects Embedded in Three‐Dimensional Photonic Crystals (Adv. Mater. 15/2005)
Authors: Yan Q. , Zhou Z. , Zhao X. S. , Chua S. J. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractThe inside cover illustrates an approach to creating line defects embedded in the interior of a self‐assembled photonic crystal, as reported by Zhao and co‐workers on p. 1917. Photoresist patterns are first constructed on the surface of a silica opal film by conventional optical photolithography. After regrowth of the silica colloidal crystal, photoresist line defects are successfully introduced into the self‐assembled silica colloidal crystal. Further processing results in an inverse opal with air‐core line defects embedded in its interior, which provides a prototype for future optical waveguide devices based on self‐assembled three‐dimensional photonic crystals.
Shipwrecks and founder effects: Divergent demographic histories reflected in Caribbean mtDNA
Authors: Salas Antonio , Richards Martin , Lareu María‐Victoria , Sobrino Beatriz , Silva Sandra , Matamoros Mireya , Macaulay Vincent , Carracedo Ángel 
Published: July 2005

AbstractDuring the period of the Atlantic slave trade (15th–19th centuries), millions of people were forced to move from Africa to many American destinations, changing dramatically the human landscape of the Americas. Here, we analyze mitochondrial DNA from two different American populations with African ancestry, with hitherto unknown European and Native American components. On the basis of historical records, African‐Americans from Chocó (Colombia) and the Garífunas (or “Black Carib”) of Honduras are likely to have had very different demographic histories, with a significant founder effect in the formation of the latter. Both the common features and differences are reflected in their mtDNA composition. Both show a minor component (∼16%) from Native Central/South Americans and a larger component (∼84%) from sub‐Saharan Africans. The latter component is very diverse in the African‐Americans from Chocó, similar to that of sub‐Saharan Africans, but much less so in the Garífunas, with several mtDNA types elevated to high frequency, suggesting the action of genetic drift. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Clinical course in young patients with sporadic Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease
Authors: Boesenberg Constanze , Schulz‐Schaeffer Walter J. , Meissner Bettina , Kallenberg Kai , Bartl Mario , Heinemann Uta , Krasnianski Anna , Stoeck Katharina , Varges Daniela , Windl Otto , Kretzschmar Hans A. , Zerr Inga 
Published: July 2005

AbstractSporadic Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (sCJD) is a rare neurodegenerative disease with the greatest incidence occurring in patients between 60 and 70 years old. Younger patients may also be affected. In this study, we used all case material available from 52 patients with sCJD aged 50 years or younger at disease onset, who were identified between 1993 and 2003 in Germany. The objective of this study was to describe the psychiatric and neurological features of these young patients with emphasis on the different codon 129 genotypes and PrP types, and to compare them with elder patients with sCJD and patients with variant CJD. We also gave particular attention to electroencephalogram, magnetic resonance imaging, and 14‐3‐3 results, as well as to the neuropathological lesion profile. The clinical syndrome in young patients differs from elder patients with CJD with respect to clinical signs, disease duration, technical investigations, and neuropathological lesion profile. The psychiatric symptoms in young patients with sCJD are similar to the psychiatric symptoms expressed by patients with variant CJD; however, in contrast with the variant cases, young patients with sCJD experience development of prominent dementia early in the disease course. Ann Neurol 2005
Preparation and adsorption behavior of macrocyclic tetra‐amine derivatives of chitosan
Authors: Yang Zhikuan , Liu Liangdong , Zhang Lin , Wang Yuting 
Published: July 2005

AbstractThe new macrocyclic polyamine derivatives of chitosan were synthesized by reacting epoxy‐activated macrocyclic tetra‐amine with the C6 hydroxyl or C2 amino group in chitosan. The obtained copolymers (CTS‐OM, CTS‐NM) contain amino functional groups, the secondary amines, and more polar hydroxyl groups in its skeleton. Elemental analysis, infrared spectra, and solid‐state 13C‐NMR analysis confirmed their structures. The adsorption behavior of the macrocyclic polyamine grafted chitosan for Ag+, Pb2+, Hg2+, and Cr3+ was investigated. The experimental results showed that the two novel derivatives of chitosan have high adsorption capacity and good selectivity for some metal ions. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 98: 407–412, 2005
Coating of jute with natural rubber
Authors: Das D. , Datta M. , Chavan R. B. , Datta S. K. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractJute fabric was coated with natural rubber to develop double‐texture rubberized waterproof fabric and fabric‐reinforced rubber sheeting for hospitals. The vulcanization of such natural‐rubber‐coated flexible composites at 120°C for 3 h produced optimum effects. The jute/natural‐rubber composite was much superior to a conventional polyester/natural‐rubber composite for producing such double‐texture rubberized fabric with respect to the fabric‐to‐natural‐rubber adhesion, breaking strength, tear strength, abrasion resistance, puncture resistance, and biodegradability. For fabric‐reinforced rubberized sheeting, the jute/natural‐rubber composite was superior to a conventionally used cotton/natural‐rubber composite with respect to the fabric‐to‐natural‐rubber adhesion, breaking strength, tear strength, and abrasion resistance. However, for both applications, the jute‐based products were commonly found to be less extensible, heavier, and thicker. Unsaturation in the lignin fraction of jute established a chemical linkage with the unsaturation of natural rubber via sulfur at the jute/natural‐rubber interface. An examination of the surface morphology of uncoated and coated jute fabrics by scanning electron microscopy revealed a good degree of deposition and filling even in the intercellular regions of jute by a cohesive mass of natural rubber, which remained unseparated from the fiber, when mechanical force was applied. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 98: 484–489, 2005
Effect of chromium aging on the structural and thermal properties of chromium polyacrylate
Authors: Öztürk Ö. F. , Köse D. A. , Ay A. N. , Zümreoglu‐Karan B. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractThe effects of aging time of Cr(III) solutions on the structural, thermal, magnetic, and morphological properties of chromium polyacrylate complexes were studied. Chromium retention was found to increase with longer aging periods. IR spectra revealed the formation of polychelate structures with noticeable changes on aging. The interaction of multivalent, polynuclear Cr(III) species with the polymer backbone resulted in a decrease in thermal stability for the complexes prepared from olated chromium solutions. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 98: 490–493, 2005
Osteoblasts engulf apoptotic bodies during alveolar bone formation in the rat maxilla
Authors: Cerri Paulo Sérgio 
Published: July 2005

AbstractDuring bone formation, as in other tissues and organs, intense cellular proliferation and differentiation are usually observed. It has been described that programmed cell death, i.e., apoptosis, takes place in the control of the cellular population by removing of the excessive and damaged cells. Although it is generally accepted that apoptotic bodies are engulfed by professional phagocytes, the neighboring cells can also take part in the removal of apoptotic bodies. In the present study, regions of initial alveolar bone formation of rat molars were examined with the aim to verify whether osteoblasts are capable of engulfing apoptotic bodies, such as professional phagocytes. Rats aged 11–19 days were sacrificed and the maxillary fragments containing the first molar were removed and immersed in the fixative solution. The specimens fixed in glutaraldehyde‐formaldehyde were processed for light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. For the detection of apoptosis, the specimens were fixed in formaldehyde, embedded in paraffin, and submitted to the TUNEL method. The results revealed round/ovoid structures containing dense bodies on the bone surface in close contact to osteoblasts and in conspicuous osteoblast vacuoles. These round/ovoid structures showed also positivity to the TUNEL method, indicating that bone cells on the bone surface are undergoing apoptosis. Ultrathin sections showed images of apoptotic bodies being engulfed by osteoblasts. Occasionally, the osteoblasts exhibited large vacuoles containing blocks of condensed chromatin and remnants of organelles. Thus, these images suggest that osteoblasts are able to engulf and degrade apoptotic bodies. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
LEK1 protein expression in normal and dysregulated cardiomyocyte mitosis
Authors: Dees Ellen , Robertson J. Brian , Ashe Mabelle , Pabón‐Peña Lil M. , Bader David , Goodwin Richard L. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractA defining characteristic of embryonic cells is their ability to divide rapidly, even in tissues such as cardiac muscle, which cannot divide once fully differentiated. This suggests that regulators of cell division differ in embryonic and differentiated cells. LEK1 is a member of an emerging family of proteins with diverse functions but shared structural domains, including numerous leucine zippers, a nuclear localization site, and a functional Rb‐binding domain. LEK1 is expressed ubiquitously in the developing mouse embryo from the earliest stages of differentiation through birth. It is absent in adult tissues, even those that maintain active cell division. We hypothesize that LEK1 is a regulator of mitosis restricted to the developing embryo and early neonate. Here, using BrdU incorporation, we show that LEK1 protein downregulation in cardiac myocytes correlates directly with cessation of DNA synthesis between neonatal days 6 and 10. In contrast, in an immortalized cardiac cell line (HL1 cells), both BrdU incorporation and LEK1 protein expression persist, and actively dividing cells express LEK1. However, BrdU incorporation can be decreased in these cells by treatment with a morpholino targeting LEK1 mRNA. These data suggest a role for LEK1 in regulating the normal embryonic cardiomyocyte cell cycle and in promoting continued mitosis in transformed, abnormally dividing cardiomyocytes. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The heat of the moment: the effect of sexual arousal on sexual decision making
Authors: Ariely Dan , Loewenstein George 
Published: July 2005

AbstractDespite the social importance of decisions taken in the “heat of the moment,” very little research has examined the effect of sexual arousal on judgment and decision making. Here we examine the effect of sexual arousal, induced by self‐stimulation, on judgments and hypothetical decisions made by male college students. Students were assigned to be in either a state of sexual arousal or a neutral state and were asked to: (1) indicate how appealing they find a wide range of sexual stimuli and activities, (2) report their willingness to engage in morally questionable behavior in order to obtain sexual gratification, and (3) describe their willingness to engage in unsafe sex when sexually aroused. The results show that sexual arousal had a strong impact on all three areas of judgment and decision making, demonstrating the importance of situational forces on preferences, as well as subjects' inability to predict these influences on their own behavior. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
M.TaqI facilitates the base flipping via an unusual DNA backbone conformation
Authors: Wibowo Fajar R. , Rauch Christine , Trieb Michael , Liedl Klaus R. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractMD simulations have been carried out to understand the dynamical behavior of the DNA substrate of the Thermus aquaticus DNA methyltransferase (M.TaqI) in the methylation process at N6 of adenine. As starting structures, an x‐ray structure of M.TaqI in complex with DNA and cofactor analogue (PDB code: 1G38) and free decamer d(GTTCGATGTC)2 were taken. The x‐ray structure shows two consecutive BII substates that are not observed in the free decamer. These consecutive BII substates are also observed during our simulation. Additionally, their facing backbones adopt the same conformations. These double facing BII substates are stable during the last 9 ns of the trajectories and result in a stretched DNA structure. On the other hand, protein–DNA contacts on 5′ and 3′ phosphodiester groups of the partner thymine of flipped adenine have changed. The sugar and phosphate parts of thymine have moved further into the empty space left by the flipping base without the influence of protein. Furthermore, readily high populated BII substates at the GpA step of palindromic tetrad TCGA rather than CpG step are observed in the free decamer. On the contrary, the BI substate at the GpA step is observed on the flipped adenine strand. A restrained MD simulation, reproducing the BI/BII pattern in the complex, demonstrated the influence of the unusual backbone conformation on the dynamical behavior of the target base. This finding along with the increased nearby interstrand phosphate distance is supportive to the N6‐methylation mechanism. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 79: 128–138, 2005This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
Insekten auf Leichen: Forensische Entomologie
Authors: Amendt Jens , Zehner Richard , Krettek Roman 
Published: July 2005

AbstractEin menschlicher Leichnam dient einer Vielzahl von Insekten und anderen Gliedertieren als Lebensraum und Nahrungsquelle. Die Forensische Entomologie nutzt diese Tatsache und analysiert Insektenspuren an einer Leiche und ihrer unmittelbaren Umgebung, um kriminalistische und rechtsmedizinische Fragen zu beantworten. Dabei steht vor allem die Klärung des Todeszeitpunktes im Mittelpunkt, der mit klassischen rechtsmedizinischen Methoden bereits nach 24 bis 48 Stunden nicht mehr einzugrenzen ist. Kenntnisse zur Biologie und Ökologie nekrophager Insekten können hier maßgeblich zur Aufklärung eines Todesfalles beitragen.
Flügel täuscht Geschwister vor
Authors: Wendler Silke 
Published: July 2005

AbstractKuckucksnestlinge sind darauf bedacht, das einzige Küken im Nest zu sein. Kaum sind sie aus dem Ei geschlüpft, schieben sie die Eier oder den Nachwuchs ihrer Pflegeeltern aus dem Nest. Damit wollen sie sich die alleinige Aufmerksamkeit ihrer Ernährer sichern. Doch auch das Einzelkükendasein hat seinen Preis: Je weniger Nestlinge eine Brut hat, desto weniger Futter bringen die Vogeleltern herbei. Die Nestlinge des in Südostasien lebenden Fluchtkuckucks (Cuculus fugax) bedienen sich eines optischen Tricks, um zu mehr Futter zu gelangen.
X – Der Girly‐Faktor
Authors: Kronberg Inge 
Published: July 2005

AbstractNach dem Y‐Chromosom gilt nun auch das X‐Chromosom des Menschen als entschlüsselt – allein die Liste der beteiligten Wissenschaftler füllt eine halbe Druckseite. Etwa 1000 Gene liegen auf dem X‐Chromosom, die Gendichte ist damit geringer als bei Autosomen. Überraschend viele Gene des X‐Chromosoms codieren für Proteine, die mit der Gehirnfunktion zu tun haben oder sie sind im Hoden und in Krebszellen aktiv. Die Sequenzierung des X‐Chromosoms könnte der Schlüssel zum Verständnis der Human‐Evolution sein und hat die Diskussion um genetisch bedingte Unterschiede zwischen Mann und Frau neu belebt.
Anzucht infektiöser Hepatitis C‐Viren im Labor
Authors: Irsch Wilhelm 
Published: July 2005

AbstractMit Hilfe eines neuen Zellsystems gelang es erstmals im Labor, Hepatitis C‐Viren (HCV) zu vermehren. Damit wurde die Voraussetzung dafür geschaffen, Medikamente und Impfstoffe gegen das Virus zu entwickeln, das eine schleichende, oft tödlich endende Entzündung der Leber (Hepatitis) hervorruft. Dies gilt als ein Meilenstein in der Erforschung von Hepatitis C und im Kampf gegen die stille Seuche.
Impfstoffe aus Kuba
Authors: Groß Michael 
Published: July 2005

AbstractVor einem Jahr publizierte das US‐Magazin Science eine Arbeit, welche den ersten vollständig synthetisch erzeugten Impfstoff vorstellte und seine Wirksamkeit gegen Haemophilus influenzae B (HiB) demonstrierte – einen Erreger, dem in den Entwicklungsländern jährlich mehr als 600.000 Kinder zum Opfer fallen. Die eigentliche Sensation: Der neue Wirkstoff stammt aus dem “Labor für synthetische Antigene” an der Universität von Havanna in Kuba.
Herzinfarkt: Genetische Untersuchungen tragen zum Aufspüren von Hochrisiko‐Patienten bei
Authors: Hengstenberg Christian , Fischer Marcus , Schunkert Heribert 
Published: July 2005

AbstractEine aktuelle Studie der Universitäten Regensburg und Lübeck ergab, dass genetische Faktoren an der Ausprägung einer koronaren Herzkrankheit in Form und Stärke maßgeblich beteiligt sind. Einengungen des Hauptherzkranzgefäßes (Hauptstamm) und der ursprungsnah gelegenen (proximalen) Abschnitte der großen Herzkranzgefäße sind die gefährlichsten Stellen für die koronare Herzerkrankung, und genau diese Stellen haben die höchste Vererbungsrate [1]. Die starke Vererbbarkeit von bestimmten schweren Erscheinungsformen der koronaren Herzerkrankung kann eine wichtige Bedeutung für Vorsorge‐Untersuchungen von Verwandten haben.
Gespensterkrebse aus Fernost erobern die Nordsee
Authors: Buschbaum Christian , Schrey Imme 
Published: July 2005

AbstractIn Nord‐ und Ostsee finden sich zunehmend Organismen aus fernen Ländern, die mit Schiffen oder durch Aquakultur in unsere heimischen Gewässer verschleppt werden. Kürzlich ist eine neue Krebsart aus Asien an der Nordseeküste entdeckt worden, die nun massenhaft Hafenanlagen, Boote und Seetonnen besiedelt.
Impact of anastomotic leakage on long-term survival of patients undergoing curative resection for colorectal cancer
Authors: McArdle C S , McMillan D C , Hole D J 
Published: July 2005

AbstractBackgroundThe impact of anastomotic leakage on immediate postoperative mortality in patients undergoing potentially curative resection for colorectal cancer is well recognized. Its impact on long-term survival is less clear. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between anastomotic leakage and long-term survival in patients undergoing potentially curative resection for colorectal cancer.MethodsA total of 2235 patients who underwent potentially curative resection for colorectal cancer between 1991 and 1994 in Scotland were included in the study. Five-year survival rates and adjusted hazard ratios were calculated.ResultsFourteen (16 per cent) of the 86 patients with an anastomotic leak died within 30 days of surgery compared with 83 (3·9 per cent) of 2149 without a leak. The 5-year cancer-specific survival rate, including postoperative deaths, was 42 per cent in patients with an anastomotic leak compared with 66·9 per cent in those with no leak (P &lt; 0·001). Excluding postoperative deaths, respective values were 50 and 68·0 per cent (P &lt; 0·001). The adjusted relative hazard ratios, for patients with an anastomotic leak compared with those without a leak, and excluding 30-day mortality, were 1·61 (95 per cent confidence interval (c.i.) 1·19 to 2·16; P = 0·002) for overall survival and 1·99 (95 per cent c.i. 1·42 to 2·79; P &lt; 0·001) for cancer-specific survival.ConclusionDevelopment of an anastomotic leak is associated with worse long-term survival after potentially curative resection for colorectal cancer.
Effect of alcohols and temperature on the direct chiral resolutions of fipronil, isocarbophos and carfentrazone‐ethyl
Authors: Wang Peng , Jiang Shuren , Liu Donghui , Jia Guifang , Wang Qiuxia , Wang Ping , Zhou Zhiqiang 
Published: July 2005

AbstractThe enantiomeric separations of three pesticides fipronil (asymmetric nitrogen), isocarbophos (asymmetric phosphorus) and carfentrazone‐ethyl (asymmetric carbon) were studied on cellulose‐tri(3,5‐dimethylphenylcarbamate) chiral stationary phase using high‐performance liquid chromatography under normal phase. The mobile phase was n‐hexane with alcohols including ethanol, n‐propanol, iso‐propanol, n‐butanol and iso‐butanol as polar modifiers. The flow rate was 1.0 mL/min with UV detection at 280, 225 and 230 nm for fipronil, isocarbophos and carfentrazone‐ethyl respectively. The influence of the modifiers and their volume content and temperature from 0 to 50°C on the separations was investigated. The chiral stationary phase showed excellent stereoselectivity for the two enantiomers of fipronil and isocarbophos and certain chiral recognition for carfentrazone‐ethyl. Iso‐propanol was more suitable for the chiral separation of isocarbophos and carfentrazone‐ethyl, and iso‐butanol was better for fipronil. The resolutions increased with the decreasing modifier content and temperature for all the three chiral pesticides. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis, Structural and Microstructural Study of Bi4W0.5Ti0.5O8X (X: Cl, Br) Sillen—Aurivillius Intergrowths.
Authors: Avila‐Brande David , Gomez‐Herrero Adrian , Landa‐Canovas Angel R. , Otero‐Diaz L. Carlos 
Published: July 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.