bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using machine learning algorithms to predict 28-day mortality in critically ill elderly patients with colorectal cancer
Authors: Guo Chunxia , Pan Jun , Tian Shan , Gao Yuanjun 
Published: November 2023

Objective To predict the 28-day mortality of critically ill, elderly patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) using five machine learning approaches. Methods Data were extracted from the eICU Collaborative Research Database (eICU-CRD) (version 2.0) for a training cohort and from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care-IV (MIMIC-IV) and Wuhan Union hospital for validation cohorts. Clinical information (i.e., demographics; initial laboratory tests; vital signs; outcomes) were collected. Five machine learning algorithms (LightGBM, decision tree, XGBoost, random forest, and ensemble model) and a logistic regression were applied for the prediction of 28-day mortality. Results Overall, 693 patients were included from the eICU cohort, 181 patients from the MIMIC-IV cohort and 95 from the Wuhan Union cohort. Among the six machine learning models, the ensemble model exhibited the best predictive ability (AUC, 0.86), followed by random forest (AUC, 0.83) and LightGBM (AUC, 0.82) in the training cohort. The models also obtained the good predictive performance for the 28-day mortality in the validation cohorts. Conclusions We showed that machine learning algorithms can be used for the 28-day mortality prediction in critically ill, elderly patients with CRC.
InfluenCEF study: Clinical phenotype and duration of headache attributed to influenza infection
Authors: García-Azorín David , Santana-López Laura , Lozano-Alonso José Eugenio , Ordax-Díez Ana , González-Osorio Yésica , Rojo-Rello Silvia , Eiros José M , Sánchez-Martínez Javier , Recio-García Andrea , Sierra-Mencía Álvaro , Sanz-Muñoz Ivan , Guerrero-Peral Ángel Luis 
Published: November 2023

Introduction Headache is a frequent symptom of infections. We aimed to characterize the clinical phenotype and duration of headache attributed to influenza infection. Methods Prospective cohort study done in 53 primary care centers between January and April 2023. Patients were included if they had a confirmed influenza diagnosis, were older than 15 years and had a new-onset headache. Patients’ demographics, prior medical history, headache phenotype and duration, associated symptoms and patients’ outcomes were assessed. The International Classification of Headache Disorders criteria for headache attributed to a systemic viral infection, migraine and tension-type headache were assessed. Results Of the 478 patients 75 fulfilled eligibility criteria. The mean age was 43, 56% were men, and 27% had a prior headache history. The headache phenotype was a bilateral headache (52%), with frontal topography (48%), pressing quality (61%), moderate intensity, rhinorrhea (79%), nasal congestion (76%), and photophobia (59%). All patients fulfilled headache attributed to acute systemic viral infection criteria, 43% fulfilled migraine criteria and 31% tension-type headache criteria. The median duration of the headache was four (Inter-quartile range: two-six) days. Conclusion The clinical phenotype of headache attributed to influenza infection was similar to other infections, with more pronounced cranial autonomic symptoms. The headache was an early symptom and was self-limited within a few days. Trial Registration: The study protocol is registered in ClinicalTrial.gov (NCT05704335)
Paroxysmal hemicrania and hemicrania continua: Review on pathophysiology, clinical features and treatment
Authors: Bahra Anish 
Published: November 2023

Background Paroxysmal hemicrania and hemicrania continua are indometacin-sensitive trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias, a terminology which reflects the predominant distribution of the pain, observable cranial autonomic features and shared pathophysiology. Understanding the latter is limited, both by low prevalence and the intricacies of studying brain function, requiring multimodal techniques to glean insights into such disorders. Similarly obscure is the curious response to indometacin. This review will address what is currently known about pathophysiology, the rationale for the current classification and, features which may confound the diagnosis, such as lack of cranial autonomic symptoms and those which are typically associated with migraine such as nausea, photophobia, phonophobia and aura. Despite these characteristics, a dramatic response to indometacin, which is not seen in migraine nor the other trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias , provides the hallmark of the diagnosis. The main clinical differential for paroxysmal hemicrania is based on temporal pattern and lies between cluster headache and short-lasting-neuralgiform headache attacks with tearing or additional cranial autonomic symptoms. For hemicrania continua it is more challenging as the main differential for which the disorder is often treated is migraine. A prior episodic pattern, often days at a time, and the tendency to exacerbation with analgesics will further deflect from the diagnosis. The relevance of this is that there is little overlap in therapeutics between paroxysmal hemicrania and hemicrania continua and other headache disorders and there are limited effective alternatives to indometacin. The most effective are other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs including the newer COX-II inhibitors. Even though early reports suggest that a higher indometacin dose-requirement may herald a secondary precipitating pathology, this does not seem to be the case, with syndrome and response to treatment being similar with the primary disorder. In this context imaging of new onset paroxysmal hemicrania or hemicrania continua and implication of the results will be discussed as will alternative treatment options.
Which positive personality traits do people want to change?
Authors: Gander Fabian , Wagner Lisa 
Published: November 2023

Most people want to change some of their personality traits, typically those they and others perceive as lacking. However, past research focused on student samples and higher-order traits and has not fully explored the attributes of traits that predict change goals. As a replication and extension of previous findings, two studies examined (1) whether people want to change their character strengths and how character strengths change goals relate to (2) character strength levels, (3) age, and (4) well-being. Further, we examined which (5) attributes of character strengths, such as their association with morality or well-being, predict change goals. Participants (Study 1: N = 2,792 German-speaking adults, 79.2% women, median = 46 years; Study 2: N = 6,787 English-speaking adults, 67.0% women, median = 32 years) completed measures of character strengths, character strengths change goals, and well-being. A subsample ( n = 1,739) provided informant ratings. Results showed that participants wanted to increase all 24 character strengths. Most change goals showed negligible associations with participants’ well-being and age. Except for spirituality, participants—especially the less happy—wanted to change those character strengths they lacked. The character strengths’ relationship with well-being, but not their moral value, predicted the goals to change them.
Pathways to community living in practice: Local development and adaptation within an older peoples mental health service
Authors: Findlay Lillian , Kellett Rowena , Lubbe Sean , Wand Anne PF 
Published: November 2023

Objective To describe the local adaptation of the Pathways to Community Living (PCLI) program in an Older Peoples Mental Health (OPMH) service to guide other services. Method A retrospective observational study was conducted. Data were obtained from service planning meetings and newly developed documents, Clinical Advisory Committee meetings, and OPMH PCLI database. Results The PCLI program was adapted for the local OPMH service through development of an assessment template, creating a Memorandum of Understanding with a partner Residential Aged Care Facility (RACF) and establishing processes for collaboration and regular review. Between 2019 and March 2023, 20 mental health consumers were referred to the OPMH PCLI program. Their demographic and clinical characteristics are described. Conclusions Adaptation of the PCLI program for OPMH consumers required consideration of specific older adult needs to develop a bespoke plan for assessment and partnership with the PCLI-funded RACF. The development phase and ongoing processes for review facilitated engagement of key stakeholders across health and RACF sectors, highlighting issues with consumer engagement. Similar models could be used by other health services to implement the PCLI in their local context.
Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices of Women in the UAE Towards Breast and Cervical Cancer Prevention: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Elbarazi Iffat , Alam Zufishan , Abdullahi Aminu S. , Al Alawi Shamma , AlKhanbashi Manal , Rabaa Asma , Al Aryani Aysha , Ahmed Luai , Al-Maskari Fatma 
Published: November 2023

Introduction Breast and cervical cancers represent two important causes of cancer-associated deaths in females. Uptake in prevention towards these cancers remains low in the United Arab Emirates. Objectives This study aimed to understand the knowledge, attitudes and practices of females residing in the Al Ain city, UAE, towards cervical and breast cancer prevention. Methods This cross-sectional survey was conducted with 300 women, aged 30 years and above. The primary outcome measure was cervical and breast cancer prevention knowledge. The knowledge was queried through a number of items, with the resulting aggregate scores categorized into good and low knowledge. Chi-square test was conducted to investigate the association between prevention knowledge and sociodemographic factors. Additional outcomes included attitude towards and uptake of cervical and breast cancer screening. Results Of the participants surveyed, 36.7% had good knowledge on breast cancer prevention, while 5.3% on cervical cancer prevention. Although the majority of the participants believed that prevention methods could save lives, they reported negative attitudes, considering screening unnecessary and painful. The self-reported screening uptake was 23% and 31.3% for mammography and Pap smear, respectively. Conclusions The study reported that the knowledge and uptake of women was low for both breast and cervical cancer prevention. Targeted campaigns not only to increase knowledge but also to resolve misconceptions to change negative attitudes may lead to an increase in uptake.
A Proof-of-Concept Pilot Test of a Behavioral Intervention to Improve Adherence to Dietary Recommendations for Cancer Prevention
Authors: Butryn Meghan L. , Hagerman Charlotte J. , Crane Nicole T. , Ehmann Marny M. , Forman Evan M. , Milliron Brandy-Joe , Simone Nicole L. 
Published: November 2023

Objectives Prevention programs that can help adults improve the quality of their diets to reduce cancer risk are needed. This Phase IIa study prospectively tested a mHealth intervention designed to improve adherence to dietary quality guidelines for cancer prevention. Methods All participants (N = 62) received nutrition education and a self-regulation skills curriculum, with a primary target of changing grocery shopping behavior. Using a randomized, factorial design, the study varied whether each of the following 4 components were added to the 20-week intervention: (1) location-triggered app messaging, delivered when individuals arrived at grocery stores, (2) reflections on benefits of change, delivered with extra coaching time and tailored app messages, (3) coach monitoring, in which food purchases were digitally monitored by a coach, and (4) involvement of a household member in the intervention. Results Benchmarks were successfully met for recruitment, retention, and treatment acceptability. Across conditions, there were significant reductions in highly processed food intake ( P < .001, η2 = .48), red and processed meat intake ( P < .001, η2 = .20), and sugar-sweetened beverage intake ( P = .008, η2 = .13) from pre-to post-treatment. Analyses examining whether each intervention component influenced change across time found that participants who received coach monitoring increased their intake of fruits, vegetables, and fiber, whereas those with no coach monitoring had less improvement ( P = .01, η2 = .14). The improvement in red and processed meat was stronger among participants with household support ON, at a marginally significant level, than those with household support OFF ( P = .056, η2 = .07). Conclusion This study showed feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary signals of efficacy of a remotely delivered intervention to facilitate adherence to dietary guidelines for cancer prevention and that coach monitoring and household support may be especially effective strategies. A fully powered clinical trial is warranted to test an optimized version of the intervention that includes nutrition education, self-regulation skills training, coach monitoring, and household member involvement. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04947150.
Mechanical behaviors of the U-girder for urban maglev transit under temperature loads and train loads
Authors: Peng Yeye , Zhao Chunfa , Wang Sudan , Zhou Yongli , Xiang Xianglin , Feng Yang 
Published: November 2023

The U-girder has been applied to the China’s Fenghuang Maglev Sightseeing Express for the first time around the world, but mechanical behaviors of the U-girder under different loading conditions have not been investigated comprehensively. Firstly, an elaborate finite element (FE) model of the 25 m U-girder considering the longitudinal prestressing tendons and the detailed track structure is built in the paper, and then an in-situ modal test is conducted to validate the FE model. Furthermore, a coupled dynamic model of maglev train-track-girder system is built by the MTS-DCSP distributed co-simulation platform. Secondly, the stress and deformation of the U-girder under the severe temperature gradient loads are analyzed carefully. The results indicate the maximum stresses always appear near the junction between the floor and the track supporting stands, but they are less than the strength of C55 grade concrete. The temperature-induced deflection on the rail can reach 2.91 mm. Thirdly, under jointly the severe temperature gradient loads and maglev train loads moving at 100 km/h, maglev train can run smoothly through the U-girder, deflection and acceleration amplitude of the U-girder are far less than the limits. However, the maximum transverse tensile stress near the junction reaches 3.0 MPa and exceeds slightly the tensile strength, it implies that the U-girder has the cracking risk of concrete.
Good life in old age: Qualitative interviews about ageing with older adults with mild intellectual disability, prior to an educational intervention
Authors: Holmgren Marianne , Ahlström Gerd 
Published: November 2023

Background Knowledge about ageing from the perspective of people with intellectual disability is extremely scarce, which means a lack of evidence-based interventions for healthy ageing adjusted to their needs. Aim To investigate how people with intellectual disability experience ageing, prior to an educational intervention. Methods Twenty-six persons with mild intellectual disability, age 42-74 (mean 61.3) were interviewed and the text was analyzed qualitatively. Results The main findings are reflected in the themes Live for today – tomorrow you are old and Need of support to enable a meaningful ageing. The participants avoided thinking about ageing, which they associated with retirement, loneliness and social isolation, increased need for help in everyday life, worsening health and death. Meaningful ageing meant continuance of leisure activities and working as long as possible. Conclusions Interventions to prepare people with mild intellectual disability for healthy ageing must take into account these people’s loneliness.
Long-term stroke risk in Moyamoya disease
Authors: Birkeland Peter , Hansen Victoria , Tharmabalan Vinosha , Lauritsen Jens , Nielsen Troels , Truelsen Thomas , Rosenbaum Sverre , von Weitzel-Mudersbach Paul 
Published: November 2023

Background: Moyamoya disease (MMD) is considered a progressive disease with an ongoing risk of recurrent stroke. However, there is a lack of long-term observational data to quantify the extent of the stroke risk. Methods: This study aimed to provide insight into the long-term stroke risk in MMD and explore possible risk factors for stroke. Records from all patients diagnosed with MMD in 13 clinical departments from 6 different Danish hospitals between 1994 and 2017 were retrospectively reviewed until 2021. Results: The cohort comprised 50 patients (33 females and 17 males). Patients were followed up for a median of 9.4 years, with more than 10 years of follow-up for 24 patients. Ten patients had 11 new stroke events—6 ischemic strokes and 5 brain hemorrhages. Events occurred at a median of 7 years and up to 25 years after diagnosis. The overall Kaplan-Meier 5-year stroke risk was 10%. Patients with bypass performed had significantly fewer events than conservatively treated patients (HR 0.25, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.07–0.91, p < 0.05). All but one event occurred in females, a difference that reached statistical significance. Conclusions: The study provides data on the extent of the risk of recurrent stroke in MMD. Bypass surgery patients had fewer stroke events than those treated conservatively. There was a trend toward a higher stroke risk in females. Data access statement: The data supporting this study’s findings are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
Cannabis Use in Adolescent and Young Adult Athletes: A Clinical Review
Authors: Benoy Ryan , Ramirez Cesar , Hitchcock Mary , Reardon Claudia 
Published: November 2023

Context: Cannabis use among the general population has increased over time, in part due to decriminalization of use and greater social acceptance of cannabis use. These changes have contributed to increased availability of cannabis products, thus raising the likelihood that a subset of adolescent and young adult athletes will use cannabis. Therefore, it is imperative that clinicians and other providers working with young athletes have a thorough understanding of the impact cannabis can have on the athletic performance and overall health of a young athlete. Evidence Acquisition: PubMed (Medline), CINAHL, PsycINFO, and SportDiscus databases were used to perform a literature search of articles published between January 1, 2010 and December 31, 2022. Additional articles were reviewed based on references obtained from initial articles. Study Design: Clinical review. Level of Evidence: Level 4. Results: Survey studies suggest that up to 1 in 4 athletes have used cannabis at least once in the last year. Age, sex, race, sexual orientation, level of competition, and country of residence of an athlete all contribute to differing rates of cannabis use among athletes. The scientific literature does not support using cannabis for athletic performance, and multiple studies have demonstrated notable impairments in objective athletic performance measures. Cannabis use can also negatively impact an athlete’s overall health via cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, and mental health symptoms and disorders. Conclusion: Cannabis use among adolescent and young adult athletes is common, and rates of use are influenced by many different factors. Current evidence suggests that cannabis use can worsen sport performance, negatively impact an athlete’s general health, and contribute to negative mental health outcomes.
Assessing the Maximal Mechanical Capacities Through the Load-Velocity Relationship in Elite Versus Junior Male Volleyball Players
Authors: Baena-Raya Andrés , Díez-Fernández David M. , García-de-Alcaraz Antonio , Soriano-Maldonado Alberto , Pérez-Castilla Alejandro , Rodríguez-Pérez Manuel A. 
Published: November 2023

Background: Physical testing is crucial for athlete monitoring, talent identification, optimizing training, and tailoring programs to enhance game-performance in elite competitions. Hypothesis: Load-velocity (L-V) relationship variables discriminate between elite and junior volleyball players, correlate with volleyball-specific performance, and are generalizable across lower- and upper-body exercises. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Level of Evidence: Level 3. Methods: A total of 9 elite and 11 junior volleyball players were assessed for the L-V relationship (load-axis intercept [ L0], velocity-axis intercept [ v0], and area under the L-V relationship line [ Aline]) during the countermovement jump (CMJ) and bench press throw (BPT) exercises. Block and spike jump height, as well as standing and jumping spike speed were assessed 24 hours later. Results: Elite players presented greater magnitude in the L-V variables ( P ≤ 0.03; effect size [ES] ≥ 1.06) and higher volleyball-specific performance ( P ≤ 0.03; ES ≥ 1.09) than juniors (except for CMJ v0 and Aline). The L-V relationship variables were significantly associated with the block and spike jump height and jumping spike speed only in elite players ( r ≥ 0.703 and P ≤ 0.04 in 11 out of 18 correlations). No significant associations were observed between CMJ and BPT for any L-V relationship variable ( r ≤ 581; P ≥ 0.08, except for Aline in junior players). Conclusion: The L-V relationship is a practical procedure to assess volleyball players’ maximal mechanical capacities, which are associated with volleyball-specific performance in elite players. However, these data should not be used interchangeably between playing standards or exercises. Clinical Relevance: This information might help strength and conditioning coaches to prescribe more effective training programs that focus on developing the specific physical capacities necessary for players to potentially advance to elite status.