bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficient plastic categorization for recycling and real-time annotated data collection with TensorFlow object detection model
Authors: Sundaralingam Sathiyapoobalan , Ramanathan Neela 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Plastic waste management is the major global issue, and recycling has become a necessary solution to mitigate the impact of plastic waste on the environment. Recycling plastic can significantly reduce pollution by diverting plastic waste from landfills, where it can take hundreds of years to decompose and release harmful chemicals and greenhouse gases. Several systems developed for segregating the municipal solid waste, only few focused on categorizing plastic waste. To address these issues, a plastic waste detection system using TensorFlow pre-trained object detection and MobileNet V2 has been proposed. This work is mainly focused on plastic waste such as PET, HDPE, PVC, LDPE, PP and PS. The proposed system can detect plastic waste category in real time and store the detection information as annotation files in various formats such as json, Pascal voc, and txt. The model saves the detection matrix only when the confidence of prediction is greater than threshold value. This data can be used for fine tuning the model as well as training the new model. To validate the dataset generated by the object detection model, a sample of 54 images annotated by the model is used to train the new model and to ensure that the model is learning from dataset. Furthermore, the proposed system promotes recycling, contributing to the reduction of environmental pollution.
Potassium and Hypertension: A State-of-the-Art Review
Authors: Sriperumbuduri Sriram , Welling Paul , Ruzicka Marcel , Hundemer Gregory L , Hiremath Swapnil 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Hypertension is the single most important and modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality worldwide. Non pharmacologic interventions, in particular dietary modifications have been established to decrease blood pressure (BP) and hypertension related adverse cardiovascular events. Among those dietary modifications, sodium intake restriction dominates guidelines from professional organizations and has garnered the greatest attention from the mainstream media. Despite guidelines and media exhortations, dietary sodium intake globally has not noticeably changed over recent decades. Meanwhile, increasing dietary potassium intake has remained on the sidelines, despite similar BP-lowering effects. New research reveals a potential mechanism of action, with the elucidation of its effect on natriuresis via the potassium switch effect. Additionally, potassium-substituted salt has been shown to not only reduce BP, but also reduce the risk for stroke and cardiovascular mortality. With these data, we argue that the focus on dietary modification should shift from a sodium-focused to a sodium- and potassium-focused approach with an emphasis on intervention strategies which can easily be implemented into clinical practice.
The Shifting Labour Process in Professional Care: Recreating Dominance and the Managerialised Mental Health Social Worker
Authors: Baines Donna , Brown Catrina , Cabahug Francis 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Though the rationalisation of health care has been well documented, less is known about its impacts on mental health social workers. Drawing on qualitative data collected from 120 interviews and the qualitative comments on a Canadian four-province survey, the article explores the shifting labour process through profession-linked and organisational care strategies. The article argues that power is shifted from mental health social workers to management through stratagems including managerialism, biomedical hegemony and team-based care. These processes are complex and dynamic, travelling along professional divisions and logics, appearing neutral and scientific rather than as conduits reinforcing neoliberalised approaches to health care provision. Social workers’ resistance to these models of care is similarly complex and professionally based, though with strong elements of gendered altruism and social justice themes. Though this article draws on Canadian data, the analysis is likely highly applicable to other managerialised contexts including the UK. The article contributes to the intersection of Labour Process Theory and moral economy theory by highlighting the operation of a unique form of engagement referred to here as resistance-as-engagement. Overall, mental health social workers revealed strong oppositional narratives and identities pivoting on their marginalised position within team-based care, medical professional hierarchies and narrow, neoliberal approaches.
Sensitivity of shear wave splitting to fracture connectivity
Authors: He Yanbin , Rubino J Germán , Barbosa Nicolás D , Solazzi Santiago G , Favino Marco , Chen Tianning , Gao Jinghuai , Holliger Klaus 
Published: September 2023

SUMMARY
Shear wave splitting (SWS) is currently considered to be the most robust seismic attribute to characterize fractures in geological formations. Despite its importance, the influence of fluid pressure communication between connected fractures on SWS remains largely unexplored. Using a 3-D numerical upscaling procedure based on the theory of poroelasticity, we show that fracture connectivity has a significant impact on SWS magnitude and can produce a 90° rotation in the polarization of the fast quasi-shear wave. The simulations also indicate that SWS can become insensitive to the type of fluid located within connected fractures. These effects are due to changes of fracture compliance in response to wave-induced fluid pressure diffusion. Our results improve the understanding of SWS in fractured formations and have important implications for the detection and monitoring of fracture connectivity in hydrocarbon and geothermal reservoirs as well as for the use of SWS as a forecasting tool for earthquakes and volcanic eruptions.
Interseismic slip rate and fault geometry along the northwest Himalaya
Authors: Sharma Yogendra , Pasari Sumanta , Ching Kuo-En , Verma Himanshu , Kato Teruyuki , Dikshit Onkar 
Published: September 2023

SUMMARY
Geodetic networks enable us to investigate interseismic crustal deformation along the northwest Himalaya. Using 144 GNSS surface velocities and a Bayesian inversion model, we estimate the slip rate and fault geometry of the Main Himalayan Thrust (MHT) along six arc-normal transects in the northwest Himalaya. We consider that the fault plane consists of three sections along the décollement, namely the locking zone (0−12 km), the transition zone (10−22 km) and the creeping zone (≥22 km). The MHT is found to be completely locked from the surface down to an average depth of 6 ± 2 km. The locking-to-creeping transition zone along the décollement extends from the edge of the fully locked area to a deeper depth (14 ± 3 km) to the tip of the creeping zone of the MHT (17 ± 2 km) with a slip rate of 1.6 ± 0.9 to 3.7 ± 1.1 mm yr−1. Considering the range of uncertainties between 1−2 mm yr−1 for the GNSS velocities, the inverted slip rate along the transition zone of MHT turns out to be insignificant. Thus, the locking zone along the northwest Himalaya extends from the MFT to ∼111 ± 6 km in the north with a locking depth of ∼17 ± 2 km. The deeper part of the MHT is inferred to be creeping with an average slip rate of ∼19.1 ± 1.9 mm yr−1 along the northwest Himalaya. In addition, we have also illustrated a splay-fault model to account for the fault kinematics along the splay faults and the main décollement. The splay-fault model indicates a distributed slip rate at the locking-to-creeping transition zone and about ∼15 per cent smaller slip rate of the MHT than that of the single-fault model. Further, the checkerboard test and the uniform slip model exhibit the reliability of the current GNSS network and the inversion model (single- and splay-fault models). Overall, the updated fault kinematics inevitably contribute to the improvement of seismic hazard evaluation along the northwest Himalaya.
ELP3 stabilizes c-Myc to promote tumorigenesis
Authors: Zhao Wentao , Ouyang Cong , Huang Chen , Zhang Jiaojiao , Xiao Qiao , Zhang Fengqiong , Wang Huihui , Lin Furong , Wang Jinyang , Wang Zhanxiang , Jiang Bin , Li Qinxi 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
ELP3, the catalytic subunit of the Elongator complex, is an acetyltransferase and associated with tumor progression. However, the detail of ELP3 oncogenic function remains largely unclear. Here, we found that ELP3 stabilizes c-Myc to promote tumorigenesis in an acetyltransferase-independent manner. Mechanistically, ELP3 competes with the E3-ligase FBXW7β for c-Myc binding, resulting in the inhibition of FBXW7β-mediated ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of c-Myc. ELP3 knockdown diminishes glycolysis and glutaminolysis and dramatically retards cell proliferation and xenograft growth by downregulating c-Myc, and such effects are rescued by the reconstitution of c-Myc expression. Moreover, ELP3 and c-Myc were found overexpressed with a positive correlation in colorectal cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma. Taken together, we elucidate a new function of ELP3 in promoting tumorigenesis by stabilizing c-Myc, suggesting that inhibition of ELP3 is a potential strategy for treating c-Myc-driven carcinomas.
Moral Distress, Conscientious Practice, and the Endurance of Ethics in Health Care through Times of Crisis and Calm
Authors: Kaldjian Lauris Christopher 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
When health professionals experience moral distress during routine clinical practice, they are challenged to maintain integrity through conscientious practice guided by ethical principles and virtues that promote the dignity of all human beings who need care. Their integrity also needs preservation during a crisis like the COVID-19 pandemic, especially when faced with triage protocols that allocate scarce resources. Although a crisis may change our ability to provide life-saving treatment to all who need it, a crisis should not change the ethical values that should always be guiding clinical care. Enduring ethical commitments should encourage clinicians to base treatment decisions on the medical needs of individual patients. This approach contrasts with utilitarian attempts to maximize selected aggregate outcomes by using scoring systems that use short-term and possibly long-term prognostic estimates to discriminate between patients and thereby treat them unequally in terms of their eligibility for life-sustaining treatment. During times of crisis and calm, moral communication allows clinicians to exercise moral agency and advocate for their individual patients, thereby demonstrating conscientious practice and resisting influences that may contribute to compartmentalization, moral injury, and burnout.
Antinomies of Agency: Liberalism and Asia
Authors: Fujitani Takashi 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This essay builds on Walter Johnson’s “On Agency” to reflect on how the concept of the liberal subject as agent has been understood in Euro-American and Japanese intellectual discourses on Asia and especially Japan. It begins with a discussion of “the subject” in Orientalism and Liberalism and its entanglements with historicist and imperialist understandings of a progressive “West” and laggard “East,” as well as the travels of Orientalist discourse from Europe to Asia. It then considers how postcolonial interventions as well as Foucault’s critique of the liberal subject have stimulated a rethinking of the self-constituting agent of choice and ends with thoughts on how a multiply spirited notion of the subject may offer suggestions for conceptualizing an alternative agent of action and social responsibility who refuses the self-importance of a singular subject.
Cardiac Tamponade
Authors: Andoniadis Matthew M. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Cardiac tamponade should be considered in any patient who suddenly complains of dyspnea and orthopnea accompanied by physical examination findings of hypotension, jugular venous distension (JVD), and muffled heart sounds, which is also known as Beck’s Triad. Tachycardia, altered mental status, and pulsus paradoxus frequently are associated signs of cardiac tamponade. Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) will confirm the diagnosis by visualizing pericardial fluid and abnormal right ventricular diastolic wall motion. Emergent drainage in these patients is via a surgical pericardial window or echocardiographic catheter pericardiocentesis. The anesthetic management of a patient with cardiac tamponade physiology varies from being prepared for a hemodynamically unstable orthopneic patient who can only tolerate local anesthetic and vocal support to administering a full general anesthetic (GA) with the placement of a double-lumen endotracheal tube, one-lung ventilation, and transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) guidance to a loculated pericardial fluid collection. Determining which anesthetic plan will be required is accomplished by performing a timely and thorough preoperative evaluation and discussing the surgical and anesthetic management with the cardiovascular surgical attending.
Vascular Access
Authors: Le-Wendling Linda , Looper Jayme N. , Gu Lisa 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Access to the venous system can be used for both drug delivery and volume resuscitation. Peripheral intravenous (PIV) access is the main route of drug delivery. Central venous line (CVL) access is indicated for delivery of vasoactive or caustic medications, large and rapid volume infusions, total parenteral nutrition, invasive monitoring (central venous pressures, pulmonary artery pressures), and certain procedures (extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, transvenous pacing, dialysis). Intraosseous access can be used when PIV access is difficult, especially in emergency situations such as cardiac arrest due to more rapid and successful access, though it is usually a temporary (usually &lt;24 hour) modality. For PIV and CVL access, ultrasound can be used to visualize the target vein in real time as well as neighboring neurovascular structures to determine the optimal entry point and needle trajectory. Maintaining sterility is important. Visualizing the vessel in cross-section and advancing the needle in an out-of-plane approach is the simplest technique when using ultrasound. Local lidocaine infiltration can be used to increase patient comfort. Confirming venous, and not arterial or extravascular, placement is key in minimizing complications. Other complications include fluid extravasation, compartment syndrome, air embolism, hemo-/pneumothorax (with CVL), and infection.
Intraoperative Management of the Bleeding Patient
Authors: George Renuka M. , Francis Loren R. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
A bleeding patient in the intraoperative setting can be complex to diagnose and manage. It is important for anesthesiologists to recognize signs and symptoms of bleeding, rule out differential diagnoses, and treat appropriately to optimize resuscitation. Ideal management starts in the preoperative setting with the goal of preparing the patient for surgery, followed by thorough evaluation and close monitoring on the day of surgery. Utilization of both invasive and noninvasive monitors provides information about the patient’s clinical picture in the intraoperative setting. In addition to traditional laboratory tests, newer point-of-care testing is available to efficiently diagnose complex coagulopathies. Perioperative management requires knowledge of commonly utilized blood products including packed red blood cells, fresh frozen plasma, platelets, and cryoprecipitate. The anesthesiologist must keep in mind the type of surgery, overall clinical picture, and laboratory results and understand that transfusion is not always the best answer.
Transfusion Reactions
Authors: Panjeton Geoffrey D. , Coons Alex , Looper Jayme N. , White Jeffrey D. F. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Blood product transfusions may be required during a variety of surgical procedures. Anesthesia providers must be vigilant and prepared to administer transfusion(s) of the correct blood components. Providers must be knowledgeable about the possible transfusion reactions that might subsequently occur, especially their various manifestations in the patient under general anesthesia. Providers must further be able to implement the necessary and appropriate treatment. The American Association of Blood Banks reported that in 2013 the rate of adverse reactions following blood product transfusion was 0.25%, or 2.5 per 1000 units transfused. Therefore, the likelihood that an anesthesia provider will encounter a perioperative blood transfusion reaction during their career is very high. This chapter provides the key concepts to formulate the correct diagnosis and treatment plan via an algorithmic approach to the various blood transfusion reactions.
Management of the Unstable Cervical Spine
Authors: White Peggy , Maxwell Christopher W. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Spinal cord injury can occur due to trauma or secondarily by maneuvering the pathologic spine. Damage can be exacerbated when manipulating the airway with intubating devices, as well as with bag-mask ventilation. Remain cautious, even when a cervical collar is in place, as the spinal cord integrity is still at risk. Despite decades of research on cervical column stability with the use of airway devices, there remains no clear evidence that supports the use of one device over the other. However, use of manual in-line stabilization has stood the test of time in rapidly providing safe intubating conditions. If time allows, a properly performed awake fiberoptic intubation is the preferred method if the patient is calm and cooperative. Myriad other injuries can be associated with traumatic cervical spine injuries. One must have comprehensive knowledge of these to predict complications and treat accordingly. If the integrity of the spinal cord is disrupted, neurogenic and spinal shock can be an acute threat to life.
Anesthetic Management of Morbidly Adherent Placenta (Accreta/Increta/Percreta)
Authors: Lopez Brandon M. , Cometa M. Anthony 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Morbidly adherent placenta is a condition where the placenta attaches or invades into or through the uterus and does not normally detach from the uterus during childbirth. Morbidly adherent placenta is on the rise due to increased cesarean delivery rates and uterine instrumentation in the population. Abnormally adherent placentation rates as high as 1 in 500 pregnancies are now being quoted. Placenta accreta can lead to an obstetric emergency, including massive hemorrhage and emergent hysterectomy, especially if it is undiagnosed prior to delivery. Preparation and planning with a multidisciplinary team is key to success for these challenging deliveries.
Operating Room Fires
Authors: Matos Jennifer R. , Gutman David 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Operating room (OR) fires that occur in the OR theater can be divided into those that occur within the airway versus on or around the patient or drapes. The Emergency Care Research Institute (ECRI) estimates that 90–100 surgical fires occur every year. As such, an OR fire is a very rare but potentially devastating event that can lead to significant morbidity or mortality. For a fire to occur, there must be three elements present: an oxidizer, an ignition source, and a fuel. This is known as the “fire triad,” and if any one of these is not present, a fire cannot happen. An analysis of malpractice claims in the American Society of Anesthesiologists Closed Claims Database from the years 1985–2009 was conducted showing 103 OR fire claims were made. Ninety percent of fires involved electrocautery as the primary ignition source, with 95% having supplemental oxygen as the oxidizer source. Of the electrocautery-induced OR fires, 85% of these events occurred during head, neck, and upper chest surgery. The analysis also revealed that 83% of the fires occurred during monitored anesthesia care and sedation cases where oxygen was delivered via an open delivery system (nasal cannula or facemask).
Motivational Interviewing in Practice
Authors: Rosen Miriam , Kmiec Julie 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This chapter incorporates the core behaviors discussed in previous chapters and expounds on what is expected of Motivational Interview (MI)–experienced trainees: a patient-centered approach, the clear expression of clinical empathy, use of collaborative language, and evocation of goal-directed communication. Clinical empathy is discussed as the effort of a skilled observer to genuinely understand the world from the perspective of a person who is struggling, which in turn, leads to a sensitive, attuned response from that observer. Collaborative language involves providing new knowledge and expertise while tapping into the knowledge, awareness, and resourcefulness that patients already possess. Building upon these elements is crucial to maintaining long-term behavior change. Goal-directed communication is accomplished by engaging patients in a dialogue intended to guide patient awareness of problematic behavior and identify the discrepancy between that behavior and the goal(s) patients wish to achieve. The chapter concludes with a discussion of common challenges faced when beginning to use MI, and it presents methods to address these obstacles.
Brief Interventions
Authors: Pringle Janice , Rice-Stubbs Mara 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Motivational Interviewing (MI) is an evidence-based therapeutic approach that is compatible with a wide range of brief interventions (BIs). In this chapter, we review and describe several widely used frameworks or organizing structures designed to screen for health-related problems and deliver BIs using the MI interactional style and spirit. BIs may vary considerably in their communication style and underlying modality, or theoretical framework used to facilitate change. We review four of these frameworks, including: FRAMES (feedback, responsibility, advice, menu of alternatives, empathic style, and Self-efficacy), POLAR*S (asking permission, open-ended questions, listening reflectively, affirmations, and summary), BNI (brief negotiated interview), and SBIRT (screening, BI, and referral to treatment). This chapter also presents a vignette of a BI in a medical setting showing the common pitfalls of delivering BIs. One of the most common is moving too quickly to provide answers (“righting reflex”) rather than listening to patient concerns and establishing a therapeutic alliance.
Integration of Motivational Interviewing with Mindfulness and Other Integrative Health Modalities
Authors: Stephens Jessica J. , Gold Melanie A. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
In this chapter, we explore how Motivational Interviewing (MI) can enrich the care we provide to our patients through exploration of some less conventional approaches to treatment. We focus on mindfulness and other integrative health modalities as a means to further enhance motivation for change. Doing so provides patients with a plethora of treatment options for symptom management and improvement of chronic diseases, and it offers beneficial resources aimed at engaging patients in self-care practices. Additionally, we describe how synergism between MI and these modalities can strengthen the practitioner and patient relationship to enhance motivation for change. This chapter functions as a guide and a starting point for medical trainees to facilitate the use of MI with patients across various settings and explore complementary resources that empower change toward positive self-care practices.