bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors associated with time until first race and career duration for Thoroughbred racehorses
Authors: Bailey Craig J. , Reid Stuart W. J. , Hodgson David R. , Rose Reuben J. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective
To determine whether sex or foaling period were associated with time to first race start and whether sex, age at time of first race start, or interrace period were associated with career duration for Thoroughbred racehorses in Australia.

Animals
553 Thoroughbred racehorses.

Procedure
Race records through to the end of the 6-year-old racing season were obtained for each horse. Product-limit survival analysis was used to determine whether sex or foaling period was associated with time to first race start and whether sex or age at first race was associated with career duration. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to determine whether sex, age at first possible race, age at first race, or inter-race period was associated with time to first race start or career duration.

Results
472 horses (85.4%) raced. Time to first race start was not associated with sex or foaling period. However, males, who had their first race at a younger age and a greater mean number of rest days between races, had longer careers. The hazard ratio for career duration of males versus females, controlling for age at time of first race and inter-race period (0.27), confirmed that males had a higher probability of a long racing career.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance
Results suggest that for Thoroughbred racehorses, sex and time of birth during the foaling season were not associated with time to first race. Male Thoroughbred racehorses that were raced less intensively or raced at a younger age were more likely to have long racing careers. (Am J Vet Res 1999;60:1196–1200)
Cardiopulmonary and sedative effects of intravenous administration of low doses of medetomidine and xylazine to adult horses
Authors: Bueno Aloisio C. , Cornick-Seahorn Janyce , Seahorn Thomas L. , Hosgood Giselle , Moore Rustin M. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective
To determine the cardiopulmonary and sedative effects of medetomidine hydrochloride in adult horses and to compare those effects with effects of an equipotent dose of xylazine hydrochloride.

Animals
10 healthy adult female horses.

Procedure
5 horses were given medetomidine (4 μg/kg of body weight, IV), and the other 5 were given xylazine (0.4 mg/kg, IV). Heart rate, respiratory rate, arterial blood pressures, pulmonary arterial blood pressures, and cardiac output were recorded, and sedation and ataxia scores were assigned before and every 5 minutes after drug administration for 60 minutes. Rectal temperature and blood gas partial pressures were measured every 15 minutes after drug administration.

Results
Arterial blood pressure was significantly decreased throughout the study among horses given medetomidine and was significantly decreased for 40 minutes among horses given xylazine. Compared with baseline values, cardiac output was significantly decreased 10, 20, and 40 minutes after administration of medetomidine and significantly increased 40 and 60 minutes after administration of xylazine. Despite the significant decrease in respiratory rate in both groups, results of blood gas analyses were not significantly changed over time. Ataxia and sedation scores were of similar magnitude for the 2 groups, but ataxia persisted slightly longer among horses given medetomidine. Horses resumed eating hay 10 to 55 minutes after drug administration.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance
Results suggest that equipotent low doses of medetomidine and xylazine induce comparable levels of ataxia and sedation and similar cardiopulmonary changes in adult horses. (Am J Vet Res 1999;60:1371–1376)
Effect of partial ureteral obstruction on results of renal scintigraphy in dogs
Authors: Barthez Paul Y. , Smeak Daniel D. , Wisner Erik R. , Duffey Marcie , Chew Dennis J. , DiBartola Stephen P. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective
To use scintigraphy to determine the effects of partial ureteral obstruction on renal transit time and induction of diuresis in dogs.

Animals
8 adult dogs.

Procedure
Scintigraphy was performed, using technetium Tc 99m diethylenetriaminepentacetic acid (Tc 99m-DTPA), before and within 2 weeks after surgical induction of unilateral partial ureteral obstruction. Time of peak (TOP) for the parenchyma (pTOP) and whole kidney (wTOP) and mean-transit time (MTT) for the parenchyma (pMTT) and whole kidney (wMTT) were determined by evaluation of renal time-activity curves before and after deconvolution analysis. Percentage uptake for each kidney between 1 and 3 minutes after injection of Tc 99m-DTPA was determined and used to indicate glomerular filtration rate. The effect of diuresis was determined by measuring the slope of decrease in activity after IV administration of furosemide. Obstruction was documented by direct inspection of the ureter.

Results
There was a concomitant increase in pTOP, wTOP, pMTT, and wMTT of the kidney with the partially obstructed ureter in all dogs at various times between 2 and 9 days after surgery. Concurrently, renal time-activity curves changed shape. Percentage renal uptake of the affected kidney was decreased in 2 dogs. Response to furosemide injection was inconsistent for kidneys before surgery and for kidneys with obstructed and nonobstructed ureters after surgery.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance
Scintigraphy may be a useful procedure for the evaluation of renal function in dogs with ureteral obstruction. Induction of diuresis appears to be of little value for differentiating renal function in dogs with obstructed and nonobstructed ureters. (Am J Vet Res 1999;60:1383–1389)
Detection of annexin I and IV and haptoglobin in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from calves experimentally inoculated with Pasteurella haemolytica
Authors: Katoh Norio , Miyamoto Toru , Nakagawa Hisami , Watanabe Atsushi 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective
To determine whether annexins or haptoglobin could be detected in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid specimens obtained from calves experimentally inoculated with Pasteurella haemolytica.

Animals
Twelve 2- to 3-month-old male Holstein calves.

Procedure
Pasteurella haemolytica was inoculated into the right lung lobes of each of 6 calves. Six other calves received vehicle alone and were used as control calves. Specimens of BAL fluid were obtained from 3 control and 3 inoculated calves 1 day after inoculation and from the other calves 2 days after inoculation. The amount of annexins I, II, IV, and VI, and haptoglobin in BAL fluid specimens was examined by use of immunoblot analysis.

Results
Annexins I and IV were detected in BAL fluid specimens obtained from the right lung lobes of each of the inoculated calves, but annexins II and VI were not. Annexin I also was found in BAL fluid specimens obtained from the left lung lobes of each inoculated calf and from left and right lung lobes of the control calves. By comparison, detection of annexin IV was essentially limited to the right lung lobes of inoculated calves. Haptoglobin was detected in some, but not all, BAL fluid specimens from the right lung lobes of inoculated calves, and its detection in BAL fluid was associated with serum proteins such as albumin.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance
Annexin IV was detected most specifically in response to inoculation of P haemolytica. This protein could be used as a marker for inflammatory pulmonary disease caused by P haemolytica. (Am J Vet Res 1999;60:1390–1395)
Suitability of the cranial portion of the vagina as a site for measurement of intra-abdominal pressure variations in dogs
Authors: Gregory Susan P. , Holt Peter E. , Parkinson Timothy J. , Wathes Christopher M. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective
To determine whether the cranial portion of the vagina of dogs is a suitable site for measuring intra-abdominal pressure during cystometry.

Animals
16 bitches (8 sexually intact and 8 spayed).

Procedure
2 types of vaginal catheters were used to measure intra-abdominal pressure changes in anesthetized dogs. Catheters were inserted in the rectum and cranial portion of the vagina.

Results
Intra-abdominal pressure variations were detected with greater magnitude in the rectum than the cranial portion of the vagina, regardless of type of catheter used and reproductive status (sexually intact vs spayed) of the dogs.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance
The rectum was the better site for measuring intra-abdominal pressure changes in female dogs. Measurement of intra-abdominal pressure with concomitant measurement of intravesical pressure to determine detrusor pressure during cystometry in female dogs is more reliably detected from the rectum than the cranial portion of the vagina. (Am J Vet Res 1999;60:1411–1414)
Use of right ventricular pressure increase rate to evaluate cardiac contractility in horses
Authors: Nollet Heidi , Van Loon Gunther , Deprez Piet , Sustronck Bart , Muylle Etienne 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective
To establish reference values for right ventricular maximal rate of increase in pressure (dP/dtmax) in horses and determine the usefulness of this variable to evaluate cardiac contractility.

Animals
15 crossbred horses, 3 to 20 years old.

Procedure
Cardiac catheterization was performed, using a high-fidelity catheter tip micromanometer, to determine right ventricular dP/dtmax. The following mathematic corrections were made: for preload, (dP/dtmax)/instantaneous total pressure, (dP/dtmax)/instantaneous developed pressure, and (dP/dtmax)/end diastolic pressure; for afterload, (dP/dtCPIP)/common peak isovolumic pressure. Wedge pressure was measured simultaneously, using a Swan-Ganz catheter. A negative inotropic drug, detomidine hydrochloride, was administered to 6 horses to examine the effect of the negative inotropic drug on right ventricular dP/dtmax and derived variables.

Results
The mean right ventricular dP/dtmax was 477 (± 84.1) mm Hg/s in 15 horses. A 40% decrease in dP/dtmax was found for 30 minutes after detomidine administration. Variables that correct for preload and afterload were influenced similarly. Detomidine administration also caused a 24% increase in mean wedge pressure, probably indicating reduced left-sided cardiac contractility.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance
Right ventricular dP/dtmax may be a useful clinical variable for determining acute changes in cardiac contractility in horses. (Am J Vet Res 1999;60:1508–1512)
Influence of age and parity on the distribution of cells expressing major histocompatibility complex class II, CD4, or CD8 molecules in the endometrium of mares during estrus
Authors: Tunón Ann-Marie , Rodríguez-Martínez Heriberto , Nummijärvi Ansa , Magnusson Ulf 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective
To evaluate effect of age and parity on distribution and number of cells expressing major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II, CD4, or CD8 molecules in the endometrium of mares during estrus.

Animals
32 gynecologically healthy mares, categorized as young (3 to 8 years; n = 17) or old (9 to 16 years; 15) and nulliparous (n = 6), nulliparous embryo donors (16), or parous (10).

Procedures
Endometrial specimens collected from the uterine body and horns during estrus were stained by use of the avidin-biotin-peroxidase method, using monoclonal antibodies against equine MHC class II, CD4, and CD8 molecules. Labeled cells in the stratum compactum within 5 randomly selected fields at 400× magnification (total area = 0.31 mm2) were counted, and numbers were compared among groups and between locations.

Results
Age did not affect cell numbers within the 3 cell subsets examined. Numbers in each subset were higher in the uterine body than in the horns, although the difference was not significant for cells expressing MHC class II. Significantly more cells expressing MHC class II molecules were detected in the uterine body of nulliparous and parous mares than in embryo donors, whereas in the horns, these cells were significantly higher in number only in parous mares. Parity did not affect number of CD4+ or CD8+ cells.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance
The increased likelihood for endometritis to develop in mares as they age cannot be explained by a decrease in number of cells expressing MHC class II, CD4, or CD8 molecules within the endometrium. However, greater number of cells within these 3 subsets detected in the uterine body, compared with the horns, during estrus suggests a local readiness to act against microorganisms or semen introduced during mating or insemination. (Am J Vet Res 1999;60:1531–1535)
Efficacy and safety of subcutaneous methadone hydrochloride in four-toed hedgehogs (Atelerix albiventris)
Authors: Peterson Macy L. , Mans Christoph , Doss Grayson A. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the efficacy and safety of SC methadone in four-toed hedgehogs.

ANIMALS
9 to 12 healthy adult four-toed hedgehogs (7 to 9 males and 3 females).

METHODS
Hedgehogs underwent 3 randomized, blinded, placebo-controlled, complete crossover studies. Hind limb withdrawal latencies in response to an acute thermal noxious stimulus were measured to evaluate the antinociceptive efficacy of methadone. Single doses of SC methadone were evaluated at 0.5 and 1 mg/kg for dose-dependent effects. Additionally, methadone (1.5 mg/kg) was administered at different concentrations to assess the effect of injection volume on antinociceptive efficacy. Finally, the safety of multiple doses of methadone (1.5 mg/kg, SC, q 2 h, for 3 doses) was also evaluated. In addition to monitoring behavior during latency measurements, animals were assessed for overt sedation. Food intake, body weight, and running wheel activity were assessed daily for 6 days following methadone administration to evaluate for adverse effects.

RESULTS
Methadone at 1 and 1.5 mg/kg provided antinociception lasting < 2 hours, and injection volume had no significant effect on efficacy. Methadone at 0.5 mg/kg did not induce antinociception. Methadone produced transient abnormal behaviors in all hedgehogs, with more animals affected at the 1.5-mg/kg dose. Behaviors included periods of standing motionless, vocalization, chewing motions, and paw raising. Single- or multiple-dose administration of methadone had no significant effect on total food intake, body weight, or running wheel activity.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE
The results of this study provide additional information on providing analgesia to hedgehogs. Subcutaneous methadone (1 to 1.5 mg/kg) can be used for short-term antinociception in hedgehogs.
Diagnostic imaging of the face using projected grids
Authors: Fricker John P. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Procedures for taking standardised facial photographs are described using a single lens reflex camera and bilateral projected grids. The subject is positioned in the natural head position and supported with a specially designed head stabilizer. The contours of the face may then be digitised and processed using computer aided drafting (CAD) techniques to provide three dimensional co-ordinates of the face as an aid in planning orthognathic surgery.
Modelling of African Vulture Optimization Algorithm with Deep Learning-based Object Classification for Intelligent Manufacturing Systems
Authors: Onaizah Ameer N. , Aljanabi Mohanad R. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Intelligent manufacturing system incorporates a number of sensors including IoT devices, cameras, and scanners, for capturing real-time data about the manufacturing process. Based on their physical properties, colours, dimensions, or other relevant characteristics, these sensors can be used to track and identify waste objects. Waste object classification in intelligent manufacturing includes the usage of recent systems and technologies to detect and classify waste materials or objects produced during the manufacturing process. The objective is to enable effective waste management and recycling practices, optimizing resource utilization and reducing environmental impact. Manual waste classification is a laborious and expensive task, which results in the development of automatic waste classification models using artificial intelligence (AI) techniques. It remains a challenging process due to the significant variations in the solid waste because of varying shapes, colours, and sizes. Therefore, recent advances in deep learning (DL) methods can be employed to accomplish the solid waste classification process. The study introduces a chaotic African vulture optimization algorithm with a deep learning-based solid waste classification (CAVOA-DLSWC) system. The CAVOA-DLSWC technique aims to automatically detect waste objects and classify them into different categories using DL models. In the presented CAVOADLSWC approach, two major processes are involved such as object classification and detection. For the object detection method, the CAVOA-DLSWC technique uses a lightweight RetinaNet model with CAVOA based hyperparameter tuning process. The CAVOA is derived by integrating the chaotic concepts into the initial iteration values of the AVOA. Once the waste objects are identified, the classification process can be performed by the use of convolutional long short-term memory (CLSTM) network. The experimental values of the CAVOA-DLSWC approach can be tested employing the solid waste database including diverse kinds of waste objects. The comparative results show the remarkable performance of the CAVOA-DLSWC method over other techniques.
Massive Connectivity and Low-Latency for Next-Generation Internet of Things: A Filtered OFDM-based Deep Learning Approach
Authors: Hussain Sajjad , Hussain Aftab , Aftab Muhmmad Waleed , Kundi Hamza , Ullah Irfan , Ali Abid , Rasool Shahid , Khan Umar Ali , Al-Jawahry Hassan M. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The Internet of Things (IoT) is one of the numerous services offered by sixth-generation (6G) mobile communications. It is necessary to meet heterogeneous criteria for large connectivity and low latency to serve the various kinds of IoT applications. In order to concurrently provide enormous connectivity and meet the low-latency conditions in the uplink IoT network, we proposed filtered orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (FOFDM) based on a service group adopting the deep learning (DL) technique. The proposed FOFDM-DL platform focuses on two key areas: first, it works for the concurrence of different time-frequency granularity appropriate for distinct service-based grouping, and secondly, it facilitates low latency and massive connectivity to deliver dependable communications. The suggested FOFDM-DL architecture may accommodate the needs of massive machine-type communication referred as mMTC and ultra-reliable and low-latency communications known as uRLLC concurrently for the next-generation communication systems. However, the uRLLC and mMTC requirements can only be supported separately by the new radio (NR)-5G, beyond 5G (or 6G). In comparison to the traditional scheme, simulation results demonstrate that the suggested FOFDM-DL platform works surprisingly well in the next-generation IoT network.
UAVs Path Planning Using Visual-SLAM Technique Based Hybrid Particle Swarm Optimization
Authors: Ubaid Mirza Muhammad , Sana Muhammad Shahzaib , Salim Kashmala , Khalid Sheeraz , Batool Iqra , Gilani Syeda Hadia , Gilani Syeda Sameen 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Due to their excellent mobility on various robotics platforms, unmanned-aerial vehicles (UAVs) are becoming extremely popular. We trace the UAV poses while simultaneously creating an iterative and progressive map of the surrounding area using a cutting-edge VSLAM technique, termed as visual simultaneous localization and mapping. In this case, a single UAV initially creates a map of the area of interest using a monocular vision-based method. In order to determine the best pathways for several UAVs, the created map is treated as an input for the optimization method. UAVs need to execute missions effectively, and they need to access the best route quickly in a challenging environment. This necessitates solving the automatic path planning problem. In this paper, a new hybrid particle swarm optimization (HPSO) technique is suggested as a solution to this issue. The proposed algorithm enhances the optimization capability and prevents dropping into local convergence by combining the simulated annealing algorithm; each particle integrates the advantageous information of the optimization method in accordance with the dimensional learning approach, which reduces the occurrence of particles fluctuation during the transition process and improves the convergence speed. Additionally, we proposed dynamic fitness function (DFF) in order to assess the path planner’s planning approach while taking into account a variety of optimization parameters, including the calculation of flight risk, energy usage, and operation completion time. The efficiency of our proposed H-PSO-VSLAM system, as shown by the simulation results, is validated by the recommended planner’s high fitness value and safe arrival at the destination while avoiding all unanticipated dangerous events and restricted locations.
Web-based Efficiency of Distributed Systems and IoT on Functionality of Smart City Applications
Authors: Armya Revella E. A. , Abdulrahman Lozan M. , Abdulkareem Nasiba M. , Salih Azar Abid 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
In the current technological environment, the Internet of Things (IoT) has arisen as a significant subject of research because of its importance. A robust cloud computing framework is established via the collaboration of sensors and actuators. This framework has the potential to be used in the creation of autonomous object networks in real-time systems. The Internet of Things (IoT) is playing a significant role in the redefinition of other significant ideas, such as urbanism and smart cities. The Internet of Things (IoT) technology has the potential to improve the quality of life for inhabitants of smart cities, which are relatively new developments. This might be accomplished by providing people with enhanced facilities and services. The Internet of Things is seeing a fast expansion in a variety of sectors, including smart cities, everyday life, and other fields. Through the use of home automation, smart wearables, security solutions, and smart healthcare, the Internet of Things makes it possible to create intelligent environments. In the realm of the Internet of Things, some of the possible topics of study include intelligent transportation systems for cities and intelligent electrical systems. This article offers a succinct summary of the most recent advancements in the Internet of Things (IoT) and the influence those advancements have had on the lives of humans in their day-to-day activities. In addition to this, the Internet of Things (IoT) is also considered in connection to artificial intelligence, autonomous control, and cloud computing. It is important to synchronise a number of technologies, such as wireless sensors, actuators, the internet, and distributed computing, in order to successfully allow upcoming Internet of Things technologies.