bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interhemispheric Temperature Gradient and Equatorial Pacific SSTs Drive Sahel Monsoon Uncertainties under Global Warming
Authors: Guilbert Marcellin , Terray Pascal , Mignot Juliette , Ollier Luther , Gastineau Guillaume 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Sahel is one of the most vulnerable regions to climate change. Robust estimation of future changes in the Sahel monsoon is therefore essential for effective climate change adaptation. Unfortunately, state-of-the-art climate models show large uncertainties in their projections of Sahel rainfall. In this study, we use 32 models from CMIP6 to identify the sources of this large intermodel spread of Sahel rainfall. By using maximum covariance analysis, we first highlight two new key drivers of this spread during boreal summer: the interhemispheric temperature gradient and equatorial Pacific sea surface temperature (SST) changes. This contrasts with previous studies, which have focused mainly on the Northern Hemisphere rather than the global scale, and in which the Pacific Ocean has been neglected in favor of the Atlantic. Next, we unravel the physical mechanisms behind these statistical relationships. First, the modulation of the interhemispheric temperature gradient across the models leads to varying latitudinal positions of the intertropical convergence zone and, consequently, varying Sahel rainfall intensity. Second, models that exhibit less warming than the multimodel mean in the equatorial Pacific, thereby projecting a less “El Niño–like” mean state, simulate enhanced precipitation over the central Sahel in the future through modulations of the Walker circulation, the tropical easterly jet, the meridional tropospheric temperature gradient, and hence regional zonal wind shear. Finally, we show that these two indices collectively explain 62% of Sahel rainfall change uncertainty: 40% due to the interhemispheric temperature gradient and 22% through equatorial Pacific SST.
Human Papillomavirus (HPV)-Associated Cancers Among Hispanic Males in the United States: Late-Stage Diagnosis by Country of Origin
Authors: Villalona Seiichi , Villalona Satsuki , Reinoso Daisy , Sukhdeo Simone , Stroup Antoinette M. , Ferrante Jeanne M. 
Published: November 2023

Introduction The epidemiology of human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated cancers has changed since the development of the multivalent vaccine. This is evidenced by the decline in incidence of cervical cancers in the post-vaccine era. By contrast, studies have reported the rise in incidence of these cancers in males. Though little is known regarding HPV-associated cancers in males, Hispanic males have been largely excluded from research on these cancers. Objective The purpose of this study was to examine the differences in late-stage diagnosis of HPV-associated cancers (oropharyngeal, anorectal, or penile) among subgroups of Hispanic males in the U.S. Methods We performed a population-based retrospective cohort study using the 2005–2016 North American Association of Central Cancer Registries Cancer in North America Deluxe data file (n = 9242). Multivariable logistic regression modeling was used in studying late-stage diagnosis. Results There were no differences in late-stage diagnosis of oropharyngeal cancer between Hispanic subgroups. Higher odds of late-stage penile cancers were observed among Mexican and Puerto Rican males relative to European Spanish males. Lower odds of late-stage anorectal cancers were observed among Central or South American and Puerto Rican males. Having Medicaid or no insurance were associated with late-stage diagnosis for all cancers. Conclusion Certain subgroups of Hispanic males have higher odds of late-stage HPV-associated cancer diagnosis based on country of origin and insurance status. These findings call for improved efforts to increase HPV vaccination, particularly among these subgroups of Hispanic males. Efforts to improve health care access and early detection from health care providers are also needed.
Sixteen-Year Institutional Review of Magnetic Resonance Imaging–Guided Breast Biopsies: Trends in Histologic Diagnoses With Radiologic Correlation
Authors: Motanagh Samaneh A , Dwan Dennis , Azizgolshani Nasim , E Muller Kristen , diFlorio-Alexander Roberta M , Marotti Jonathan D 
Published: November 2023

Background: Breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an important imaging tool for the management of breast cancer patients and for screening women at high risk for breast cancer. Objectives: To examine long-term trends in the distribution of histologic diagnoses obtained from MRI-guided breast biopsies. Design: Retrospective analysis. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the distribution of histologic diagnoses of MRI-guided breast biopsies from 2004 to 2019. All cases underwent central pathology review and lesions were classified based on the most prominent histologic finding present. Magnetic resonance imaging features were extracted from radiology reports when available and correlated with pathology diagnoses. Results: Four hundred ninety-four MRI-guided biopsies were performed on 440 patients; overall, 73% of biopsies were benign and 27% were malignant. The annual percentages of benign and malignant diagnoses remained similar throughout the 16-year period. Of the benign entities commonly identified, the percentage of benign papillary and sclerosing lesions detected in the benign biopsies increased significantly (13% in 2004-2011 vs 31% in 2012-2019, P = .03). The mean size of malignant lesions was larger than benign lesions (30.1 mm compared with 14.2 mm, P = .045); otherwise, there were no distinguishing radiologic features between benign and malignant lesions. Conclusion: The specificity of breast MRI remained constant over a 16-year period; however, there was a shift in the distribution of benign diagnoses with increased detection and biopsy of benign papillary and sclerosing lesions. Monitoring the distribution of breast MRI biopsy diagnoses over time with radiology-pathology correlation might improve the suboptimal specificity of breast MRI.
Is scoliosis a source of pain?
Authors: Ilharreborde Brice , Simon Anne-Laure , Shadi Milud , Kotwicki Tomasz 
Published: November 2023

Purpose: Pain in scoliosis is definitely a hot topic with growing popularity. The literature remains very controversial, with a pain prevalence ranging from 23% to 90%, but this can be explained by the great heterogeneity of the numerous series. The aim of this review was to report results from the literature regarding pain in relation to scoliosis regardless of the etiology. Methods: A bibliographic search in Medline and Google database from 2003 to March 2023 was performed. Relevant literature was analyzed, summarized, and discussed based on authors’ experience. A 1-year prospective series of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis patients was also included to compare with the existing literature. Results: A total of 126 adolescent idiopathic scoliosis patients were included, with a mean preoperative Cobb angle of 64.5° (range, 45°–112°). Reported pain prevalence was 34.1%. Pain and no-pain groups were very different in their self-reported experience, with a very low mean visual analogue scale score of 0.5 (± 0.6) in the no pain group, while visual analogue scale averaged 5.6 (± 1.2) in the pain group (p < 0.001). No significant difference was found between groups regarding the most relevant demographic and radiological parameters. Conclusion: Evidence-based literature on “scoliosis as a source of pain” remains ambiguous. There seems to be a consensus on the lack of direct relationship between deformity magnitude and back pain intensity. A comprehensive evaluation of the patient is therefore necessary before any treatment, including medical history, clinical examination, and relevant imaging for any child with scoliosis and back pain. Level of evidence: Level VI
Exploring Physical Lumbar Microvascular Geometry Through Endoscopy and Illustrations: Implications for Clinical Interpretation
Authors: Wu Tsung-Mu , Choi Dae-Jung , Chang Wen-Shuo , Hwang Jin-Ho , Kim Moon-Chan , Kim Dae-Geun 
Published: November 2023

Study Design Retrospective Study. Objectives Minimally invasive endoscopic spinal surgery is gaining popularity, but our understanding of the lumbar spine's microvascular geometry relies heavily on cadaver studies and textbook illustrations. Additionally, inconsistent nomenclature of vessels in the literature hampers effective communication among surgeons. This study aims to improve the clarity and comprehensibility of the lumbar spinal microvascular geometry under endoscopic view. Methods The study included 400 patients who underwent endoscopic spinal surgery for lumbar spinal canal stenosis and foraminal stenosis. The surgeries were performed by an experienced surgeon using either the interlaminar or transforaminal approach. Endoscopic video recordings were further analyzed to map the microvascular geometry and common bleeding foci. The observed results were cross-referenced with existing literature to reconstruct a comprehensive view of the vascular anatomy. Results The transforaminal approach commonly encounters bleeding foci originating from the major branches of the segmental lumbar artery and the emissary veins within the foramen. The interlaminar approach primarily encounters bleeding foci from the muscle vessels in the dorsal lamina, which are believed to be located near the ends of the three main branches. In the intracanal region, epidural vessels form a rotary loop above the disc, which can contribute to most of the bleeding during discectomy. Conclusions This study provides a comprehensive understanding of the microvascular anatomy in the lumbar spine during endoscopic spinal surgery. Recognizing the geometry will help surgeons anticipate and control bleeding, reducing the risk of complications. The findings contribute to the improvement of surgical techniques and patient safety in endoscopic spinal surgery.
Posterior Proximal Cartilage of the Lateral Femoral Condyle as a Reference for Positioning the Femoral Tunnel in ACL Reconstruction
Authors: Guglielmetti Luiz Gabriel Betoni , de Oliveira Victor Marques , Mestriner Marcos Barbieri , Netto Alfredo dos Santos , Rabelo Nayra Deise dos Anjos , Correa Viktor Nelson Mazzola , Aihara Leandro Jun , Cury Ricardo de Paula Leite 
Published: November 2023

Background: Due to the similarity among specimens in the height of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) on the distal proximal axis in relation to the proximal posterior cartilage of the lateral femoral condyle (point C), it is known this point can be used as an arthroscopic intraoperative parameter to define the position of the femoral tunnel in ACL reconstruction. Indications: For ACL reconstruction, point C can be used as an arthroscopic intraoperative parameter to define the position of the femoral tunnel on the distal proximal and anteroposterior axes. Technique Description: For access to the joint, standard arthroscopic ports, both anterolateral (AL) and anteromedial (AM), are used. By directing the camera toward the posterior region of the lateral femoral condyle through the AM port, it is possible to visualize the end of the posterior and proximal articular cartilage, the so-called C point. In this case, we sought to position the center of the femoral tunnel in the center of the AM band of the ACL. Holding the camera through the AM portal and visualizing point C, a millimeter-scale femoral guide is introduced through the AL portal toward the posterior femoral cartilage (point C) and positioned over it, creating a line between point C and the lateral distal femoral cartilage. The distance between point C and the distal femoral cartilage is measured. At this time, an accessory AM portal 1.5 cm from the AM port is constructed. Through it, with the aid of an ice pick or radiofrequency tip, a marking is made in the deep to shallow axis at 35% of this distance. Then, approximately 2 mm above the imaginary line formed by the union of point C and the lateral distal femoral cartilage, the center of the femoral tunnel is marked. Results: Point C is an anatomical landmark that is easy to view and is present in all knees; thus, it can be used as a reference during surgery for positioning the femoral tunnel. Discussion/Conclusion: Point C can be used as an arthroscopic intraoperative parameter to define the position of the femoral tunnel in ACL reconstruction. Patient Consent Disclosure Statement: The author(s) attests that consent has been obtained from any patient(s) appearing in this publication. If the individual may be identifiable, the author(s) has included a statement of release or other written form of approval from the patient(s) with this submission for publication.
An Ethics of Justice in Elderly Care: Ageism and the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Maboloc Christopher Ryan , Cutillas Anesito 
Published: November 2023

Background The study looks into the condition of elderly Covid-19 patients regarding the kind of attention they received during the pandemic given the scarcity of medical resouces in the countries mentioned in this investigation. In this case, we apply the bioethical principle of justice on the age-based criteria in determining which patient must receive treatment The argument is that the same is a form of discimination against the elderly. Purpose The purpose of this study is to emphasize that the age-based criteria in deciding whether to treat elderly Covid-19 patients or not is violative of the bioethical principle of justice since it discriminates against them. Method This study uses the interpretive method. The authors analyzed the literature and the arguments pertaining to the issue of ageism at the height of the Covid-19 Pandemic. We mentioned the countries where the issue of prioritization was a big concern. The qualitative analysis in this paper is meant to respond to such medical dilemma. Analysis In our analysis, we determined that when age is used as a criterion, it violates the bioethical principle of justice. The principle is meant to ensure that physicians are fair in dealing with patients. Using age in deciding whether a life is worth saving or not is a prejudice against old people who require care and attention. Discussion Medical doctors must treat patients equally and without bias. The challenge, however, is that due to the unprecedented nature of the pandemic, a triage is put in place to be able to manage the overwhelming influx of Covid-19 patients. Some age-based medical treatment criteria that recommend age-based cutoffs for specific treatments are morally untenable. This is because the same is bereft of any acceptable justification that warrants the judgment that the elderly must have less priority when medical resources are scarce. Conclusion In conclusion, doctors must not discriminate patients on the basis of age. All lives are equal in moral worth. We argue that governments must promulgate non-discriminatory policies when it comes to medical treatment during a global public health emergency.
Characterisation, axial anisotropy, and formation conditions of celestine minerals from the Jabal Eghei (Nuqay) late Neogene – Pleistocene volcanic province, southeastern edge of the Sirt Basin, southern Libya: Constraints on the mineralogical geothermometer
Authors: Tančić Pavle , Milošević Maja , Spahić Darko , Kostić Bojan , Kremenović Aleksandar , Poznanović-Spahić Maja , Kovačević Jovan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractFive celestine crystals were sampled from the (palaeo)surface intervening between the late Miocene to Pleistocene basaltic sequences of the Jabal Eghei (Nuqay) volcanic province in southern Libya and then characterised by applying a combination of the SEM–WDS, ICP/OES, PXRD and IR methods. Colour variations and related minerogenetic frameworks were also investigated. Three samples have greenish-blue-to-blue colour (480.4–482.5 nm), whereas the other two samples have blue–green colour (cyan; 489.1–494.1 nm). The colour purity ranges from 1.36–7.16. Their composition is similar, end-member celestine, in which only 1.6–4.1 at.% of Sr2+ content was substituted by Pb2+ (0.7–0.9 at.%), Ba2+ (0.5–0.7 at.%) and Ca2+ (0.2–0.8 at.%). Three samples contained vacancies, from 1.0 to 1.9 at.%. The content of other chemical elements is minor. The resulting unit-cell parameters have the ranges: a0 = 8.3578(9)–8.3705(6) Å; b0 = 5.3510(5)–5.3568(4) Å; c0 = 6.8683(7)–6.8767(2) Å and V0 = 307.17(5)–308.34(4) Å3. The PXRD and IR results are mainly in accordance with the SEM–WDS results, with a high level of correlation. However, a few discrepancies were found, producing several possible interpretations, the primary cause being a slight unit-cell axial anisotropy i.e. thermal expansion. As a consequence these results yield a new geothermometric tool that is based on the unit-cell axial anisotropy. The celestines investigated were formed during a Miocene intraplate volcanism with basaltic magmas, and associated brines lifted by the structural conduits (normal faults crosscutting the Sirt basin). The Sr-bearing fluids then poured into and over the faulted and fractured lagoon-type gypsum, anhydrite Eocene sediments. The celestine mineralisation formed within a ~368–430 K (~95–157°C) temperature range. The celestine formed at slightly elevated temperature and pressure conditions, close to the shallow subsurface environment (over 250 bars).
Detection of continuous hierarchical heterogeneity by single-cell surface antigen analysis in the prognosis evaluation of acute myeloid leukaemia
Authors: Shao Nan , Ren Chenshuo , Hu Tianyuan , Wang Dianbing , Zhu Xiaofan , Li Min , Cheng Tao , Zhang Yingchi , Zhang Xian-En 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is characterised by the malignant accumulation of myeloid progenitors with a high recurrence rate after chemotherapy. Blasts (leukaemia cells) exhibit a complete myeloid differentiation hierarchy hiding a wide range of temporal information from initial to mature clones, including genesis, phenotypic transformation, and cell fate decisions, which might contribute to relapse in AML patients.

Methods
Based on the landscape of AML surface antigens generated by mass cytometry (CyTOF), we combined manifold analysis and principal curve-based trajectory inference algorithm to align myelocytes on a single-linear evolution axis by considering their phenotype continuum that correlated with differentiation order. Backtracking the trajectory from mature clusters located automatically at the terminal, we recurred the molecular dynamics during AML progression and confirmed the evolution stage of single cells. We also designed a ‘dispersive antigens in neighbouring clusters exhibition (DANCE)’ feature selection method to simplify and unify trajectories, which enabled the exploration and comparison of relapse-related traits among 43 paediatric AML bone marrow specimens.

Results
The feasibility of the proposed trajectory analysis method was verified with public datasets. After aligning single cells on the pseudotime axis, primitive clones were recognized precisely from AML blasts, and the expression of the inner molecules before and after drug stimulation was accurately plotted on the trajectory. Applying DANCE to 43 clinical samples with different responses for chemotherapy, we selected 12 antigens as a general panel for myeloblast differentiation performance, and obtain trajectories to those patients. For the trajectories with unified molecular dynamics, CD11c overexpression in the primitive stage indicated a good chemotherapy outcome. Moreover, a later initial peak of stemness heterogeneity tended to be associated with a higher risk of relapse compared with complete remission.

Conclusions
In this study, pseudotime was generated as a new single-cell feature. Minute differences in temporal traits among samples could be exhibited on a trajectory, thus providing a new strategy for predicting AML relapse and monitoring drug responses over time scale.
SUV39H1 is a novel biomarker targeting oxidative phosphorylation in hepatitis B virus-associated hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Zhang Yanping , Lao Wanwen , Yang Kaming , Kong Xinyi , Li Yuetong , Yu Xin , Wang Xumeng , Liu Yang , Li Zhenlin , Deng Yilin , Nie Shuping , Bi Changlong , Wu Chao , Zhai Aixia 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
As a histone methyltransferase, suppressor of variegation 3–9 homolog 1 (SUV39H1) plays an important role in the occurrence and development of cancer. To explore the mechanism and biological function of SUV39H1 in hepatitis B virus-associated hepatocellular carcinoma (HBV-HCC) can gain an insight into the pathogenesis of HBV-HCC.

Methods
The effect of HBV infection on SUV39H1 in hepatoma cells was detected. CCK-8, colony growth assay and wound healing assay were used to assess the proliferation and migration of HBV-positive hepatoma cells. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) was applied to find differential genes and enriched pathways. The serum SUV39H1 level in HBV-HCC patients was detected and its correlation with clinical indicators was analyzed.

Results
SUV39H1 was increased by HBV infection and promoted the proliferation and migration of hepatoma cells. SUV39H1 could upregulate the expression of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) pathway-related genes. OXPHOS pathway inhibitors could reduce the capacity of proliferation and migration of hepatoma cells after overexpressing SUV39H1. Serum SUV39H1 levels were higher in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients than in healthy controls and higher in HBV-HCC patients than in CHB patients. In the diagnosis of HCC, the predictive value of SUV39H1 combined with alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) was better than that of AFP alone.

Conclusion
SUV39H1 is regulated by HBV infection and promotes the proliferation and migration of hepatoma cells by targeting OXPHOS pathway. It indicates that SUV39H1 may be a new biomarker of the diagnosis of HCC.
Observation of the effect of posterior scleral reinforcement combined with orthokeratology and 0.01% atropine in the treatment of congenital myopia: a case report
Authors: Yan Chunxiao , Zhao Fangkun , Gao Shang , Liu Xiaoyu , Yu Taorui , Mu Yanan , Zhang Lijun , Xu Jun 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Myopia has recently emerged as a significant threat to global public health. The high and pathological myopia in children and adolescents could result in irreversible damage to eye tissues and severe impairment of visual function without timely control. Posterior scleral reinforcement (PSR) can effectively control the progression of high myopia by limiting posterior scleral expansion, improving retrobulbar vascular perfusion, thereby stabilizing the axial length and refraction of the eye. Moreover, orthokeratology and low concentrations of atropine are also effective in slowing myopia progression.

Case presentation
A female child was diagnosed with binocular congenital myopia and amblyopia at the age of 3 and the patient’s vision had never been rectified with spectacles at the first consultation. The patient’s ophthalmological findings suggested, high refractive error with low best corrected visual acuity, longer axial length beyond the standard level of her age, and fundus examination suggesting posterior scleral staphyloma with weakened hemodynamics of the posterior ciliary artery. Thereby, PSR was performed to improve fundus health and the combination of orthokeratology and 0.01% atropine were performed to control the development of myopia. Following up to 8 years of clinical treatment and observations, the progression of myopia could be well controlled and fundus health was stable.

Conclusion
In this report, 8-year of clinical observation indicated that PSR could improve choroidal thickness and hemodynamic parameters of the retrobulbar vessels, postoperative orthokeratology combined with 0.01% atropine treatment strategy may be a good choice for myopia control effectively.