bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of Symmetrical Biaryls by Copper‐Catalysed Homocoupling of Aryltriazenes in Guanidinium Ionic Liquid
Authors: Anchi Athmanand , Kumar P Pavan , Kalkhambkar Rajesh G. , Naik Ravi S. , Adam Abdel Majid A. , Refat Moamen S. , Mohammed Alsuhaibani Amnah 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAn efficient, facile and practical protocol to synthesize various biaryl analogues by the homocoupling of aryl triazenes promoted by guanidinium ionic liquids via copper catalysis has been demonstrated. The three different guanidinium ILs has been employed as solvent/promoter. Several moderate to strong electron‐withdrawing groups and electron‐donating groups are well tolerated by this protocol. The predictive mechanism demonstrating the Cu‐catalytic cycle and role of GIL as promoter. This methodology provides the corresponding products in good yields under moderate reaction conditions with potential for recycling and reuse of the GIL solvent.
Efficient Self‐Assembly Preparation of 3D Carbon‐Supported Ti3C2Tx Hollow Spheres for High‐Performance Potassium Ion Batteries
Authors: Huang Wei , Ma Zenghui , Zhong Lu , Luo Ketong , Li Wei , Zhong Shengkui , Yan Dongliang 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMXenes are considered a promising negative electrode material for potassium ion batteries (PIBs) in view of their low potassium ion diffusion barrier and excellent electrical conductivity. However, the stacking phenomenon in practical applications severely reduces their active surface and leads to slow K+ diffusion. Herein, a facile composite template method is proposed to construct stacking‐resistance 3D carbon‐supported Ti3C2Tx (3D‐C@Ti3C2Tx) hollow spheres. Due to the unique structure, when used as a negative electrode material, as‐prepared 3D‐C@Ti3C2Tx hollow spheres show not only improved rate capability with 160.4 mAh g−1 at 100 mA g−1 and 133.7 mAh g−1 at 500 mA g−1, but also stable cycling performance with 142.5 mAh g−1 specific capacity remained at 2 A g−1 after 4200 cycles. Furthermore, the full cells with 3D‐C@Ti3C2Tx anode can operate stably for 1000 cycles at 100 mA g−1. Moreover, the linear fit analysis demonstrates that 3D‐C@Ti3C2Tx hollow spheres have a fast and stable capacitive potassium storage mechanism. This method is simple and easy to implement, which provide a feasible path to solve the stacking problem of 2D materials.
Optimization of Mixed Micelles Based on Oppositely Charged Block Copolymers by Machine Learning for Application in Gene Delivery
Authors: Leer Katharina , Reichel Liên S. , Kimmig Julian , Richter Friederike , Hoeppener Stephanie , Brendel Johannes C. , Zechel Stefan , Schubert Ulrich S. , Traeger Anja 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe COVID‐19 mRNA vaccines represent a milestone in developing non‐viral gene carriers, and their success highlights the crucial need for continued research in this field to address further challenges. Polymer‐based delivery systems are particularly promising due to their versatile chemical structure and convenient adaptability, but struggle with the toxicity‐efficiency dilemma. Introducing anionic, hydrophilic, or “stealth” functionalities represents a promising approach to overcome this dilemma in gene delivery. Here, two sets of diblock terpolymers are created comprising hydrophobic poly(n‐butyl acrylate) (PnBA), a copolymer segment made of hydrophilic 4‐acryloylmorpholine (NAM), and either the cationic 3‐guanidinopropyl acrylamide (GPAm) or the 2‐carboxyethyl acrylamide (CEAm), which is negatively charged at neutral conditions. These oppositely charged sets of diblocks are co‐assembled in different ratios to form mixed micelles. Since this experimental design enables countless mixing possibilities, a machine learning approach is applied to identify an optimal GPAm/CEAm ratio for achieving high transfection efficiency and cell viability with little resource expenses. After two runs, an optimal ratio to overcome the toxicity‐efficiency dilemma is identified. The results highlight the remarkable potential of integrating machine learning into polymer chemistry to effectively tackle the enormous number of conceivable combinations for identifying novel and powerful gene transporters.
Learning induces EPO/EPOr expression in memory relevant brain areas, whereas exogenously applied EPO promotes remote memory consolidation
Authors: Almaguer‐Melian William , Mercerón‐Martinez Daymara , Alberti‐Amador Esteban , Alacán‐Ricardo Laura , de Bardet Javier Curi , Orama‐Rojo Norma , Vergara‐Piña Arturo Ernesto , Herrera‐Estrada Idalia , Bergado Jorge A. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMemory and learning allow animals to appropriate certain properties of nature with which they can navigate in it successfully. Memory is acquired slowly and consists of two major phases, a fragile early phase (short‐term memory, <4 h) and a more robust and long‐lasting late one (long‐term memory, >4 h). Erythropoietin (EPO) prolongs memory from 24 to 72 h when animals are trained for 5 min in a place recognition task but not when training lasted 3 min (short‐term memory). It is not known whether it promotes the formation of remote memory (≥21 days). We address whether the systemic administration of EPO can convert a short‐term memory into a long‐term remote memory, and the neural plasticity mechanisms involved. We evaluated the effect of training duration (3 or 5 min) on the expression of endogenous EPO and its receptor to shed light on the role of EPO in coordinating mechanisms of neural plasticity using a single‐trial spatial learning test. We administered EPO 10 min post‐training and evaluated memory after 24 h, 96 h, 15 days, or 21 days. We also determined the effect of EPO administered 10 min after training on the expression of arc and bdnf during retrieval at 24 h and 21 days. Data show that learning induces EPO/EPOr expression increase linked to memory extent, exogenous EPO prolongs memory up to 21 days; and prefrontal cortex bdnf expression at 24 h and in the hippocampus at 21 days, whereas arc expression increases at 21 days in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex.
Hepatic T‐cell lymphoma in a blue‐fronted Amazon parrot (Amazona aestiva) and subcutaneous T‐cell lymphoma in a grey parrot (Psittacus erithacus)
Authors: Wen Amanda H. C. , Comolli Jessica R. , Aguilar Laura A. B. , Caudill Megan N. , Carmichael K. Paige , Divers Stephen J. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractT‐cell lymphoma was diagnosed in a mature blue‐fronted Amazon parrot (Amazona aestiva) and a mature grey parrot (Psittacus erithacus). The Amazon parrot was diagnosed with soft tissue sarcoma in the neck and T‐cell hepatic lymphoma. The sarcoma was surgically removed, but chemotherapy for the lymphoma was declined by the owner. This parrot survived 24 months without treatment until it was euthanased for dyspnoea, the cause of which was not investigated. The grey parrot was diagnosed with subcutaneous T‐cell lymphoma on the left side of the neck that likely originated from the thymus. The mass was surgically excised without complications. The bird remained healthy 24 months after diagnosis, at which point follow‐up was lost. This case series documents the clinical presentation and diagnostic workup of T‐cell lymphoma in two Psittacidae patients. In both cases, T‐cell lymphomas were confirmed by histological examination and CD3 immunohistochemistry.
A field‐based evaluation of portable XRF to screen for toxic metals in seafood products
Authors: Roberts Austin A. , Guimarães Diana , Tehrani Mina W. , Lin Shao , Parsons Patrick J. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPortable X‐Ray Fluorescence (XRF) has become increasingly popular where traditional laboratory methods are either impractical, time consuming, and/or too costly. While the Limit of Detection (LOD) is generally poorer for XRF compared to laboratory‐based methods, recent advances have improved XRF LODs and increased its potential for field‐based studies. Portable XRF can be used to screen food products for toxic elements such as lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), arsenic (As), manganese, (Mn), zinc (Zn), and strontium (Sr). In this study, 23 seafood samples were analyzed using portable XRF in a home setting. After XRF measurements were completed in each home, the same samples were transferred to the laboratory for re‐analysis using microwave‐assisted digestion and Inductively Coupled Plasma Tandem Mass Spectrometry (ICP‐MS/MS). Four elements (Mn, Sr, As, and Zn) were quantifiable by XRF in most samples, and those results were compared to those obtained by ICP‐MS/MS. Agreement was judged reasonable for Mn, Sr, and As, but not for Zn. Discrepancies could be due to (1) the limited time available to prepare field samples for XRF, (2) the heterogeneous nature of “real samples” analyzed by XRF, and (3) the small beam spot size (~1 mm) of the XRF analyzer. Portable XRF is a cost‐effective screening tool for public health investigations involving exposure to toxic metals. It is important for practitioners untrained in XRF spectrometry to (1) recognize the limitations of portable instrumentation, (2) include validation data for each specific analyte(s) measured, and (3) ensure personnel have some training in sample preparation techniques for field‐based XRF analyses.
A Comparison of Pointwise and Levelling Assisted Regional Realisations of IHRS with a Case Study over Sweden
Authors: Alfredsson Anders , Ågren Jonas , Olsson Per-Anders 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe International Height Reference System (IHRS) was defined by the International Association of Geodesy (IAG) in 2015. The global International Height Reference Frame (IHRF) should provide access to the IHRS in a broad sense. To provide high accuracy local access, regional (or national) realisations will also be needed. This study aims at evaluating different approaches to compute a denser regional realisation of IHRS in case a high accuracy levelling network is available. Using Sweden as a case study region, a GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) and geoid based pointwise realisation is compared with three types of levelling assisted realisations. The latter are made by applying least squares adjustments of the precise levelling observations with fixed potential value(s) from either the global IHRF station in Sweden or the pointwise potentials of a larger number of stations. It is concluded that making a minimum constraint adjustment with one station fixed is not the best option. It is favourable to fix a reasonable number of pointwise stations at an internal distance over which the relative uncertainty of levelling is significantly lower than the relative uncertainty of the pointwise solution. The investigation is made using levelling data from the third precise levelling of Sweden, the NKG2015 quasigeoid model and the NKG2016LU postglacial land uplift model.
Improved accuracy of implant placement with an imageless handheld robotic system compared to conventional instrumentation in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty: a prospective randomized controlled trial using CT‐based assessment of radiological outcomes
Authors: Bollars Peter , Janssen Daniel , De Weerdt Wim , Albelooshi Ali , Meshram Prashant , Nguyen Thang D. , Lacour Michael T. , Schotanus Martijn G. M. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPurposeImage‐free handheld robotic‐assisted total knee arthroplasty (RATKA) has shown to achieve desired limb alignment compared to conventional jig‐based instrumented total knee arthroplasty (CTKA). The aim of this prospective randomized controlled trial (RCT) was to evaluate the accuracy of a semi‐autonomous imageless handheld RATKA compared to CTKA in order to achieve the perioperative planned target alignment of the knee postoperatively.MethodsFifty‐two patients with knee osteoarthritis were randomized in 1:1 ratio to undergo unilateral CTKA or an imageless handheld RATKA. A full‐length lower limb CT‐scan was obtained pre‐ and 6‐week postoperative. The primary outcomes were radiologic measurements of achieved target hip–knee–ankle axis (HKA‐axis) and implant component position including varus and external rotation and flexion of the femur component, and posterior tibial slope. The proportion of outliers in above radiographic outcomes, defined as > 3° deviation in postoperative CT measurements as compared to perioperative planned target, were also noted. Knee phenotypes were compared with use of the Coronal Plane Alignment of the Knee (CPAK) classification.ResultsBaseline conditions were comparable between both groups. The overall proportion and percentage of outliers (n = 38, 24.4% vs n = 9, 5.8%) was statistically significant (p < 0.001) in favor of RATKA. The achieved varus–valgus of the femoral component (varus 1.3° ± 1.7° vs valgus − 0.1° ± 1.9°, p < 0.05) with statistically significant less outliers (0% vs 88.5%, p < 0.01), the achieved HKA‐axis (varus 0.4° ± 2.1° vs valgus − 1.2° ± 2.1°, p < 0.05) and the posterior tibial slope (1.4° ± 1.1° vs 3.2° ± 1.8°, p < 0.05) were more accurate with RATKA. The most common postoperative CPAK categories were type II (50% CTKA vs 61.5% RATKA), type I (3.8% CTKA vs 23.1% RATKA) and type V (26.9% CTKA vs 15.4% RATKA). CPAK classification III was only found in CTKA (19.2%). Type VI, VII, VIII, and IX were rare in both populations.ConclusionsThe present trial demonstrates that an imageless handheld RATKA system can be used to accurately perioperatively plan the desired individual component implant positions with less alignment outliers whilst aiming for a constitutional alignment.Level of evidenceI.
Comparative metabolism of aflatoxin B1 in mouse, rat and human primary hepatocytes using HPLC–MS/MS
Authors: Gerdemann Andrea , Cramer Benedikt , Degen Gisela H. , Veerkamp Jannik , Günther Georgia , Albrecht Wiebke , Behrens Matthias , Esselen Melanie , Ghallab Ahmed , Hengstler Jan G. , Humpf Hans-Ulrich 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a highly hepatotoxic and carcinogenic mycotoxin produced by Aspergillus species. The compound is mainly metabolized in the liver and its metabolism varies between species. The present study quantified relevant AFB1- metabolites formed by mouse, rat, and human primary hepatocytes after treatment with 1 µM and 10 µM AFB1. The use of liquid chromatographic separation coupled with tandem mass spectrometric detection enabled the selective and sensitive determination of phase I and phase II metabolites of AFB1 over incubation times of up to 24 h. The binding of AFB1 to macromolecules was also considered. The fastest metabolism of AFB1 was observed in mouse hepatocytes which formed aflatoxin P1 as a major metabolite and also its glucuronidated form, while AFP1 occurred only in traces in the other species. Aflatoxin M1 was formed in all species and was, together with aflatoxin Q1 and aflatoxicol, the main metabolite in human cells. Effective epoxidation led to high amounts of DNA adducts already 30 min post-treatment, especially in rat hepatocytes. Lower levels of DNA adducts and fast DNA repair were found in mouse hepatocytes. Also, protein adducts arising from reactive intermediates were formed rapidly in all three species. Detoxification via glutathione conjugation and subsequent formation of the N-acetylcysteine derivative appeared to be similar in mice and in rats and strongly differed from human hepatocytes which did not form these metabolites at all. The use of qualitative reference material of a multitude of metabolites and the comparison of hepatocyte metabolism in three species using advanced methods enabled considerations on toxification and detoxification mechanisms of AFB1. In addition to glutathione conjugation, phase I metabolism is strongly involved in the detoxification of AFB1.
Effectiveness of nanoscale silicon dioxide-coated picker fingers on Salmonella Enteritidis and Escherichia coli
Authors: Schumann-Muck Felicitas Maria , Blaeske Victoria , Braun Peggy G. , Koethe Martin 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn poultry slaughtering, cross-contamination with Salmonella Enteritidis is a constant ongoing challenge. Interaction between food contact surfaces can potentially transfer pathogenic material like feces from carcasses to another one. One approach to break this chain is to modify surfaces that frequently come into contact with the animal during the slaughtering process. Surface alterations like nanoscale coatings have already been successfully applied in various fields to lower the bacterial load. The aim of the study was to compare bacterial attachment, proliferation and detachment of Salmonella Enteritidis and Escherichia coli on uncoated and on nanoscale silica coated rubber picker fingers at laboratory scale. It was shown that both target organisms did not adhere less to coated surface than to uncoated picker fingers, whereas no difference in bacterial growth or detachment was detected. It can be concluded that the coating used in this study did not contribute to a reduction of the bacterial load on this surface in the specific experimental setups employed. Further studies should focus on whether nanoscale surface modifications achieve improved results under more practical conditions and whether other factors such as surface durability can be influenced by a coating.
Graphical abstract
Ionic liquid, ultrasound-assisted synthesis of lignin nanoparticles for barrier-enhanced all-cellulose nanocomposite films
Authors: Amini Elahe , Valls Cristina , Roncero M. Blanca 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe primary purpose of this work was to develop novel all-cellulose nanocomposite (ACNC) films by following a green approach that uses an ionic liquid as solvent and requires no additional reducing agents or stabilizers. In this way, biodegradable, UV-blocking ACNC films were obtained by partially dissolving cellulose to entrap lignin nanoparticles (LNP) within. Lignin particles in proportions of 3–7 wt% were modified by sonication in an ionic liquid (IL) to obtain lignin-IL dispersions. The influence of the LNP-IL medium on the chemical, physical, and morphological properties of the resulting nanocomposites was examined, and the properties compared with those of an all-cellulose composite (ACC) film and untreated paper. The TEM technique revealed the formation of unevenly spherical LNPs as small as 5.133 ± 0.003 nm, and XRD spectroscopy a transition from cellulose I to II and an increase in the proportion of non-crystalline cellulose as a result of partial dissolution and regeneration. In addition, SEM images confirmed the deposition of LNPs onto the surface of the regenerated cellulose matrix. The incorporation of LNPs considerably enhanced the UV-blocking, oxygen and water-barrier, biodegradation, antioxidant and antibacterial properties of the films. Moreover, LNPs in proportions of 3 and 5 wt% increased tensile strength, and a proportion of 7 wt% allowed the films to block 97% of light at 280 nm and increased antioxidant activity by 68% relative to the control sample. Interestingly, a 7 wt% LNP content in the films decreased antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli by about 42.85% and 63.88%, respectively. The new, multifunctional biocomposite films are suitable for various uses in cellulose-based food packaging.
ATOR-1017 (evunzekibart), an Fc-gamma receptor conditional 4-1BB agonist designed for optimal safety and efficacy, activates exhausted T cells in combination with anti-PD-1
Authors: Enell Smith Karin , Fritzell Sara , Nilsson Anneli , Barchan Karin , Rosén Anna , Schultz Lena , Varas Laura , Säll Anna , Rose Nadia , Håkansson Maria , von Schantz Laura , Ellmark Peter 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
4-1BB (CD137) is a co-stimulatory receptor highly expressed on tumor reactive effector T cells and NK cells, which upon stimulation prolongs persistence of tumor reactive effector T and NK cells within the tumor and induces long-lived memory T cells. 4-1BB agonistic antibodies have been shown to induce strong anti-tumor effects that synergize with immune checkpoint inhibitors. The first generation of 4-1BB agonists was, however, hampered by dose-limiting toxicities resulting in suboptimal dose levels or poor agonistic activity.

Methods
ATOR-1017 (evunzekibart), a second-generation Fc-gamma receptor conditional 4-1BB agonist in IgG4 format, was designed to overcome the limitations of the first generation of 4-1BB agonists, providing strong agonistic effect while minimizing systemic immune activation and risk of hepatoxicity. The epitope of ATOR-1017 was determined by X-ray crystallography, and the functional activity was assessed in vitro and in vivo as monotherapy or in combination with anti-PD1.

Results
ATOR-1017 binds to a unique epitope on 4-1BB enabling ATOR-1017 to activate T cells, including cells with an exhausted phenotype, and NK cells, in a cross-linking dependent, FcγR-conditional, manner. This translated into a tumor-directed and potent anti-tumor therapeutic effect in vivo, which was further enhanced with anti-PD-1 treatment.

Conclusions
These preclinical data demonstrate a strong safety profile of ATOR-1017, together with its potent therapeutic effect as monotherapy and in combination with anti-PD1, supporting further clinical development of ATOR-1017.
Evaluation der Lernplattform TF-KVT Web für psychotherapeutisch Tätige
Authors: Kasparik Barbara , Eilers Rebekka , Rosner Rita 
Published: October 2023

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Webbasierte Schulungen können ein effektiver Weg sein, auf dem Psychotherapeutinnen und Psychotherapeuten Wissen über Interventionen erwerben können. Die manualisierte traumafokussierte kognitive Verhaltenstherapie (TF-KVT) hat zur Behandlung der posttraumatischen Belastungsstörung (PTBS) bei Kindern und Jugendlichen derzeit die beste Evidenzbasis. Seit 2018 steht eine kostenfreie deutschsprachige Version des Schulungsprogramms TF-KVT Web zur Verfügung, welches 12 Lernmodule umfasst.

Ziel der Arbeit
In diesem Beitrag soll anhand von Merkmalen der psychotherapeutisch tätigen Personen, die sich für die deutsche TF-KVT-Website registriert haben, beschrieben werden, welche Zielgruppe eine solche Form der Weiterbildung nutzt. Es wird untersucht, ob die Teilnahme am Schulungsprogramm zu einem Wissenszuwachs über die Inhalte führt, und wie die Teilnehmenden die Chancen und Barrieren dieser Lernplattform bewerten.

Material und Methoden
Nutzerinnen und Nutzer des Schulungsprogramms gaben im Rahmen der Registrierung demografische Informationen an und füllten vor und nach jedem Modul einen Wissenstest zu den Inhalten des Moduls aus. Nach Bearbeitung konnte in einem Freitextfeld Rückmeldung zu wahrgenommen Chancen und Barrieren gegeben werden.

Ergebnisse
Mittelwertvergleiche zeigten einen signifikanten Wissenszuwachs durch die Bearbeitung der Schulungskomponenten in allen 12 Modulen (d = 0,18–1,16). Achtunddreißig Prozent der Teilnehmenden schlossen das Lernprogramm vollständig ab. Insgesamt wurden das Lernprogramm und die zur Verfügung gestellten Materialien positiv bewertet.

Diskussion
Die Ergebnisse stützen am Beispiel von TF-KVT Web die Wirksamkeit webbasierter Schulungsprogramme zur Wissensverbreitung im Bereich psychotherapeutischer Behandlungsmethoden. Künftige Forschung sollte die Umsetzung der vermittelten Methoden in der klinischen Praxis evaluieren.