bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular Biomarkers in Cholangiocarcinoma: Focus on Bile
Authors: Dolbnya Andrey D. , Popov Igor A. , Pekov Stanislav I. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract:
Hepatobiliary system cancers have demonstrated an increasing incidence rate in the
past years. Without the presence of early symptoms, the majority of such cancers manifest with a
set of similar symptoms, such as cholestasis resulting in posthepatic icterus. Differential diagnosis
of hepatobiliary cancers is required for the therapy selection, however, the similarity of the symptoms
complicates diagnostics. Thus, the search for molecular markers is of high interest for such
patients.

:
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is characterized by a poor prognosis due to a low resectability rate,
which occurs because this disease is frequently beyond the limits of surgical therapy at the time of
diagnosis. The CCA is diagnosed by the combination of clinical/biochemical features, radiological
methods, and non-specific serum tumor biomarkers, although invasive examination is still needed.
The main disadvantage is limited specificity and sensitivity, which complicates early diagnostics.
Therefore, prognostic and predictive biomarkers are still lacking and urgently needed for early diagnosis.
In contrast to serum, bile is more accessible to identify biliary disease due to its simpler
composition. Moreover, bile can contain higher concentrations of tumor biomarkers due to its direct
contact with the tumor. It is known that the composition of the main bile component - bile
acids, may vary during different diseases of the biliary tract.
This review summarizes the recent developments in the current research on the diagnostic biomarkers
for CCA in serum and bile and provides an overview of the methods of bile acids analysis.
Essential Structural Profile of Novel Adenosine Derivatives as Antiplatelet Aggregation Inhibitors based on 3D-QSAR Analysis
Authors: Li Shunlai , Zheng Pengyu , Ren Yajing , Du Hongguang 
Published: February 2024

Aims:
In this research, 3D-QSAR evaluation on a set of fresh purinoid compounds that we
produced was conducted. This analysis aims to illustrate the correlation between the structure of
purine and its ability to prevent platelet aggregation. Our findings could pave the way to discovering
novel antithrombotic medications.

Background:
The incidence of cardiovascular disease triggered by the clumping of platelets poses a
significant danger to human health. Purine derivatives are important molecules with antiplatelet aggregation
activity.

Objective:
The objectives of this research are to establish the correlation between the structure of
purine and its ability to prevent platelet aggregation. Such a correlation could aid in the development
of innovative antithrombotic medications.

Methods:
In this study, 3D-QSAR investigation on a collection of 75 new purine derivatives, which
we synthesized, was conducted, utilizing Comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) and comparative
molecular similarity indices analysis (CoMSIA).

Results:
Significant correlation coefficients (CoMFA, q2= 0.843, r2= 0.930, F value= 266.755, SEE=
0.165; CoMSIA, q2= 0.869, r2= 0.918, F value= 222.571, SEE= 0.179) were obtained, and assessed
the model's predictive capabilities by validating it with the test set.

Conclusion:
Our findings indicate that the introduction of an appropriately sized structure at position
2 of the compound yields significant benefits. Conversely, the attachment of an excessively large
group is detrimental. Direct attachment of a bulky substituent at C-6 of the compound is not feasible,
and its activity increases when the structure with low electron cloud density is added. Moreover, the
presence of a voluminous functional group at the 5' position of the compound is advantageous, and
its activity will be further increased by the presence of hydrogen bond receptors in this region. These
discoveries furnish significant comprehension for the formation of innovative structures with heightened
efficacy.
Neuroprotective Effects of Isolated Mangiferin from Swertia chirayita Leaves Regulating Oxidative Pathway on Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic
Neuropathy in Experimental Rats
Authors: Shivam  , Gupta Asheesh Kumar 
Published: February 2024

Background:
Oxidative stress has an important role in the pathogenesis and development
of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN), the most common and debilitating complication of
diabetes mellitus. Swertia chirayita is a rich source of phenolic constituents and has hypoglycemic,
anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties.

Aims:
This study was performed to evaluate the neuroprotective effect in diabetes by enhancing
antioxidant defense against oxidative stress, which exhibits a neuroprotective effect in streptozotocin-
induced diabetic rats.

Objectives:
The objective of this study was to elucidate the therapeutic potential of bioactive
compounds of Swertia chirayita for diabetic complications.

Methods:
The present work focused on isolating the bioactive from the leaves of Swertia absinthe
for acute toxicity studies, assessing its protective effects against diabetes and diabetic neuropathy
as well as its mode of action in STZ-induced Wistar rats. The local area of Moradabad is the place
from where the leaves of Swertia chirayita were gathered. Mangiferin was isolated and identified
using spectroscopic techniques, such as UV, HPLC, 1H NMR, C13 NMR, MAS, and FTIR.
Mangiferin was administered in doses of 15 and 30 mg/kg to test its effect on experimentally
induced diabetes. The sciatic nerves of all groups were examined histopathologically. The
protective effect of the drug against diabetes and diabetic neuropathy was demonstrated by
measures, such as blood glucose level, body weight, food intake, thermal hyperalgesia, grip
strength, spontaneous locomotor test, and lipid profile analysis. Sciatic nerve cells of the treated
groups showed less inflammation, degeneration, and necrosis.

Results:
The results of this study confirmed that mangiferin alleviated diabetic neuropathic pain,
possibly by reducing inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, TGF-β1, IL-1β, and IL-6), strong
antioxidant activity, and NGF in sciatic nerves. It may be a therapeutic agent.

Conclusion:
Our results suggested that active phytochemicals of Swertia chirayita showed preventive
and curative effects against STZ-induced diabetic neuropathy in rats, which might be due to its
antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic properties.
Moringa oleifera and its Secondary Metabolites: Chemistry, Properties and
Antidiabetic Potentiality
Authors: Pal Dilipkumar , Takeshwar  , Thakur Sujoy 
Published: February 2024

Abstract:
Secondary metabolites present in different natural resources possess multiple biological
activities. Diabetes is one of the leading disease all over the world in current time, and higher in
numbersthan the deadliest cancer disease. According to the WHO about 422 million people are suffering
from diabetes and most of them are even unaware that they are living with the condition. In
recent times research in natural medicinal plants has achieved a great success in the management of
different diseases and disorders. Moringa oleifera is one of the most common medicinal and nutritious
plant among the family of moringaceae, found in almost all over India. The tree with it's almost
every edible part makes it a versatile natural medicinal source. The secondary metabolites present
within it make this plant a rich biological resource. Among various classes of secondary metabolites
alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, terpenoids, sterols etc. are present in moringa tree. The principle
potent compound responsible for emerging antidiabetic property of Moringa is 4-(α-Lrhamnopyranosyloxy)
benzyl glucosinolate. In this review we summarise specifically the antidiabetic
activity of this multipurpose natural plant and it's phytochemistry. Since ancient times this plant has
been used as anti-diabetic agent in sub continental regions. Mostly phytoconstituents obtained from
leaves are responsible for its outstanding antidiabetic property. Research on antidiabetic property of
M. oleifera by different scientists proved that Moringa is one of the finest natural medicinal plants in
the management of diabetes with least toxicity.
A Comprehensive Review on Synthesis of Silver Nano-particles: An
Update
Authors: Sharma Aditya , Goyal Anju , Kumari Sapna , Garg Madhukar , Kaur Arpanpreet , Mehta Dinesh , Singh Vibha , Hans Bhavya 
Published: February 2024

Abstract:
Silver and silver salts have been used since the beginning of civilization, but silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) have just recently been discovered. They have been employed as antioxidants and
antibacterial, antifungal, and potential anticáncer agents in agriculture and medicine. Many bacteria,
including Bacilluscereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Citrobacter koseri, Salmonella typhii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, and the fungus
Candida albicans, were shown to be inhibited in their growth and multiplication by binding Ag/Ag+
to biomolecules that are present in microbial cells. Ag NPs are thought to create reactive oxygen
species and free radicals, which cause apoptosis, cell death, and hinder cell reproduction. Ag NPs
diffuse in side cells and break because they are smaller than bacteria. The researchers have developed numerous methods of their synthesis. The present review focused on the latest evidence related
to silver nanoparticles, several methods of preparations, along with examples listed in the literature.
Health Policy Analysis on the Containment of Antimicrobial Resistance
(AMR) in India: A Mixed Methods Study of Antimicrobial Stewardship as
a Pivotal Intervention in Tackling AMR
Authors: Singh Chetan , Pandey Anita , Singh Lubhan 
Published: February 2024

Objective:
This policy report aimed at two goals, that is, to report the findings of the literature review and explore the perceptions of the key stakeholders in seeking better insight into the antimicrobial stewardship program (AMSP), and to develop antimicrobial resistance (AMR) policy recommendations for the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW), India, based on the findings from the rapid systematic review of the literature (both published and grey) and the views of key stakeholders.

Methods:
A mixed method approach using literature review and qualitative interviews has been applied. A rapid systematic literature review focusing on the antimicrobial stewardship pro-gram’s key achievements and its implementation and impact, implementation challenges, gaps and barriers, and opportunities, has been carried out, which has been followed by conducting interviews of key stakeholders and reporting the findings along with the recommendations.

Results:
The findings have shown significant progress towards AMSP, such as expanding to 90 secondary-level hospitals and district-level hospitals/nursing homes, and the Indian Council of Medical Research antimicrobial resistance surveillance and research network (ICMR AMRSN) program. Education, training, and microbiological testing have been found to be the current focus areas. However, there exist challenges, including a lack of leadership support, diagnostic stew-ardship, and staffing of clinical pharmacists and infectious control nurses. Key gaps and barriers identified include setting up microbiology laboratories and hiring ICN nurses and clinical phar-macists. Opportunities have also been identified. Based on these findings, we have made succinct recommendations to address the themes and issues identified.

Conclusion:
Without new medicines, India will struggle to manage antimicrobial resistance. This situation calls for national oversight. This study has demonstrated AMSP as crucial for fighting this silent pandemic. The Indian government and policymakers must swiftly address critical chal-lenges, gaps, and opportunities. These findings and recommendations might potentially strengthen the future antimicrobial resistance national action plan (AMR NAP).
Effect of Toll-like Receptor-3 Antagonist on Viral Asthma Exacerbations
Via a TLR3/dsRNA Complex Pathway
Authors: Arora Swamita , Agrawal Mohit , Sahu Kantrol Kumar , Alam Sanjar , Akram Wasim , Khalid Mohammad , Kumar Shivendra , Saha Sunam , Singh Kuldeep , Chaudhary Hema 
Published: February 2024

Background:
The Toll-like receptor-3 (TLR3) ligand Poly(I:C) has been shown to induce a viral aggravation of severe asthma by identifying double-stranded RNA (dsRNA). This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic role of the TLR3/dsRNA complex inhibitor-calbiochem compound in the treatment of Poly(I:C)-induced viral asthma exacerbations through the ovalbu-min-induced asthma model in Swiss albino mice.

Methods:
Poly(I:C) and Ovalbumin drugs were injected in mice to sensitize (i.p. on 0, 7, and 14th day) and challenge (i.n. on the 21st and 22nd days). In contrast, the treatment drug TLR3/dsRNA complex inhibitor-calbiochem was given on the 21st and 22nd days intraperitoneally within the study period. In-vivo measurements were carried out in BALF and serum for pro-inflammatory cytokines, inflammatory leukocyte counts, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and nitrite levels, lungs/body weight index, and lung tissue histopathology using H and E staining in mice airways.

Results:
High levels of cytokines (NF-κB, IL-1β, IL-5, RANTES, MIP-2, and MCP-1) are seen in groups exposed to OVA and Poly (I:C). Further, inflammatory leukocyte cell counts, lung-body weight (LW/BW) index, airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), and lung tissue damage sug-gest exacerbations in mice airways. On the other hand, TLR3/dsRNA complex inhibitor-calbio-chem and dexamethasone significantly reversed these changes toward normal levels.

Conclusions:
These results suggest that the novel compound TLR3/dsRNA complex inhibitor-calbiochem has a better therapeutic role than dexamethasone for managing inflammatory char-acteristics in asthmatic mice lungs and is a potent target for viral asthma exacerbations
Nutritional Significance of Wheatgrass: Cultivation Practices and Opportunities for its Processing and Preservation
Authors: Gunjal Mahendra , Kaur Jaspreet , Rasane Prasad , Singh Jyoti , Kaur Sawinder , Bakshi Manish , Choudhary Ravish , Marc Romina Alina , Ercisli Sezai 
Published: February 2024

Background:
This paper aims to provide a comprehensive review of the nutritional
composition and bioactive compounds found in wheatgrass, including chlorophyll, vitamins,
minerals, flavonoids, and phenolic compounds, as well as their associated health benefits. The
review focuses on various cultivation practices, preservation techniques, and the current utilization
of wheatgrass as a whole. Additionally, the potential toxicity of wheatgrass has been discussed.
Wheatgrass, a nutrient-rich grass, possesses significant pharmacological and therapeutic
qualities. In the present scenario, wheatgrass is available in the form of juice, powder, and tablets,
and is incorporated into various food products through different processing treatments.

Method:
Information and data regarding wheatgrass cultivation practices, processing, and
preservation methods were collected from scientific sources, including Google Scholar, ResearchGate,
ScienceDirect, fig, Web of Science, and Scopus databases.

Result:
Wheatgrass is a highly valuable source of diverse nutrient compounds. Various cultivation
methods, such as indoor and outdoor techniques using different growing mediums, have
been employed for wheatgrass production. Recent methods for wheatgrass preservation have
been suggested to enhance the bioactive compounds present in wheatgrass.

Conclusion:
Numerous studies have demonstrated that the consumption of wheatgrass and wheatgrass-
based products can help control diabetes, atherosclerosis, kidney and colon diseases, anemia,
and certain types of cancer. The smaller size of wheatgrass allows for easier assimilation of its
beneficial compounds. Creating awareness among consumers about the nutritional profile and
therapeutic properties of wheatgrass is crucial in order to maximize its market potential.
Ayurvedic management of Alopecia Areata - A Single Case Study
Authors: Sushama Narlewad  , D.V. Hange  
Published: February 2024

Alopecia areata is defined as patches of hair loss on the scalp. It is considered a psychosomatic disorder in present era. Today, the young generation is more likely to be victims of Alopecia areata, based on clinical grounds. There are many causes of alopecia areata, such as fungal infection, dandruff, scalp psoriasis, seborrheic dermatitis, pediculosis, systemic disorders, autoimmune disorders, etc. It may also be seen as a side effect of chemotherapy or radiotherapy. A 16-year-old patient had patches of hair loss on his scalp. He had taken treatment with conventional modern medicine, but in vain. The patient was given Ayurvedic treatment for six months on an OPD basis, including Karanj oil for local application, Rakt Pachak Churna, Rasayan Churna, Aarogyavardhini Vati, and Jalaukavacharan (leech therapy). After a 3-months interval, regrowth of the hair was found. This study suggests that Shaman and Shodhan treatment can provide noteworthy relief in Alopecia areata, i.e., Indralupta.
NATIONAL POLICE DATABASES AND THEIR INCREASING IMPORTANCE IN 21ST CENTURY POLICING
Authors: Blakeman Amanda 
Published: February 2024

On November 14, 2023, Chief Constable Amanda Blakeman presented “National Police Databases and Their Increasing Importance in 21st Century Policing” for this year’s West Coast Security Conference. The key points discussed were the creation, functions, and use cases of the Police National Database (PND).

Received: 12-18-2023
Revised: 01-26-2024
THE ROLE OF STRATEGIC COMMUNICATION WITHIN CONTEMPORARY INFORMATION WARFARE
Authors: Janzen Jay 
Published: February 2024

On November 16, 2023, Brigadier General (Rtd.) Jay Janzen presented The Role of Strategic Communication within Contemporary Information Warfare for this year’s West Coast Security Conference. The key points discussed were the increasing importance of cognitive warfare in contemporary conflict, NATO’s reimagining of its doctrine to address evolving threats from adversarial states, and the role of physical, virtual, and cognitive effects in defence and deterrence.

Received: 01-20-2024
Revised: 01-28-2024
POPULATION-CENTRIC WARFARE
Authors: Kilcullen David 
Published: February 2024

On November 16th, 2023, Dr. David Kilcullen presented Population-Centric Warfare for this year’s West Coast Security Conference. The presentation was followed by a question-and-answer period with questions from the audience and CASIS Vancouver executives. The key points discussed were the evolution of warfare with a focus on smaller, cheaper platforms, challenges in urban and coastal environments driven by electronic connectivity, and the crucial integration of internal security efforts with national security strategies to address ongoing global conflicts.

Received: 01-20-2024
Revised: 01-29-2024
BUILDING INTELLIGENCE REVIEW INTO NATIONAL SECURITY - THE CANADIAN EXPERIENCE
Authors: Davies John 
Published: February 2024

On November 17, 2023, John Davies, Executive Director, National Security Intelligence Review Agency (NSIRA), presented Building Intelligence Review into National Security: The Canadian Experience for this year’s West Coast Security Conference. The key points discussed were the structure and responsibilities of NSIRA, the challenges and experiences of NSIRA in the last four years, and NSIRA’s plans for the future.

Received: 01-20-2024
Revised: 01-29-2024
User Requirements in Developing a Novel Dietary Assessment Tool for Children: Mixed Methods Study
Authors: van der Heijden Zoë , de Gooijer Femke , Camps Guido , Lucassen Desiree , Feskens Edith , Lasschuijt Marlou , Brouwer-Brolsma Elske 
Published: February 2024

Background
The prevalence of childhood obesity and comorbidities is rising alarmingly, and diet is an important modifiable determinant. Numerous dietary interventions in children have been developed to reduce childhood obesity and overweight rates, but their long-term effects are unsatisfactory. Stakeholders call for more personalized approaches, which require detailed dietary intake data. In the case of primary school children, caregivers are key to providing such dietary information. However, as school-aged children are not under the full supervision of one specific caregiver anymore, data are likely to be biased. Recent technological advancements provide opportunities for the role of children themselves, which would serve the overall quality of the obtained dietary data.

Objective
This study aims to conduct a child-centered exploratory sequential mixed methods study to identify user requirements for a dietary assessment tool for children aged 5 to 6 years.

Methods
Formative, nonsystematic narrative literature research was undertaken to delineate initial user requirements and inform prototype ideation in an expert panel workshop (n=11). This yielded 3 prototype dietary assessment tools: FoodBear (tangible piggy bank), myBear (smartphone or tablet app), and FoodCam (physical camera). All 3 prototypes were tested for usability by means of a usability task (video analyses) and user experience (This or That method) among 14 Dutch children aged 5 to 6 years (n=8, 57% boys and n=6, 43% girls).

Results
Most children were able to complete FoodBear’s (11/14, 79%), myBear’s (10/14, 71%), and FoodCam’s (9/14, 64%) usability tasks, but all children required assistance (14/14, 100%) and most of the children encountered usability problems (13/14, 93%). Usability issues were related to food group categorization and recognition, frustrations owing to unsatisfactory functioning of (parts) of the prototypes, recall of food products, and the distinction between eating moments. No short-term differences in product preference between the 3 prototypes were observed, but autonomy, challenge, gaming elements, being tablet based, appearance, social elements, and time frame were identified as determinants of liking the product.

Conclusions
Our results suggest that children can play a complementary role in dietary data collection to enhance the data collected by their parents. Incorporation of a training program, auditory or visual prompts, reminders and feedback, a user-friendly and intuitive interaction design, child-friendly food groups or icons, and room for children’s autonomy were identified as requirements for the future development of a novel and usable dietary assessment tool for children aged 5 to 6 years. Our findings can serve as valuable guidance for ongoing innovations in the field of children’s dietary assessment and the provision of personalized dietary support.