bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“Very Important Persons” in adolescence: going beyond in‐school, single friendships in the study of peer homophily
Authors: Kiesner Jeff , Kerr Margaret , Stattin Håkan 
Published: October 2004

ABSTRACTUsing a sample of 1227 Swedish adolescents we examined peer relations across contexts and for multiple peer targets (three “Very Important Persons”, VIPs). Specifically, we examined the relations between antisocial behaviour and the types of relationships individuals had with their VIPs (e.g. friend, romantic partner), the contexts in which they had met, and where they spent time (e.g. school, neighbourhood, club). Additionally, we tested an “additive homophily” hypothesis, or the idea that youths would show unique similarities to multiple peers. Results showed that individuals who nominated romantic partners as their first VIPs were the most antisocial (both boys and girls), and individuals who had met and spent time with their first VIPs in the neighbourhood were also the most antisocial. Similar results were found for the antisocial behaviour of the first VIP. Finally, results supported the additive homophily hypothesis, showing that significantly more variance in individual behaviour is explained when including second and third VIPs.
Heat shock protein synthesis over time in infective Trichinella spiralis larvae raised in suboptimal culture conditions
Authors: Martinez J. , Perez-Serrano J. , Bernadina W.E. , Rincon I. , Rodriguez-Caabeiro F. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractChanges in the viability, infectivity and heat shock protein (Hsp) levels are reported in Trichinella spiralis first stage larvae (L1) stored in 199 medium for up to seven days at 37°C. These conditions induce stress that the larvae, eventually, cannot overcome. After three days of storage, the infectivity and viability were unchanged, although higher Hsp70 levels were observed. After this time, larvae gradually lost viability and infectivity, coinciding with a decrease in Hsp70 and Hsp90 and an increase in actin (a housekeeping protein). In addition, a possibly inducible heat shock protein, Hsp90i, appeared as constitutive Hsp90 disappeared. No significant changes in Hsp60 levels were detected at any time. These results suggest that heat shock proteins initially try to maintain homeostasis, but on failing, may be involved in cell death.
The helminth community of the wood mouse, Apodemus sylvaticus, in the Sierra Espuña, Murcia, Spain
Authors: Fuentes M.V. , Sáez S. , Trelis M. , Galán-Puchades M.T. , Esteban J.G. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThe helminth community of the wood mouse, Apodemus sylvaticus, in the Sierra Espuña was characterized after a complete analysis of its helminth community component and infracommunity structure relative to host age, sex and year of capture. The helminth community comprised 13 species: one trematode, four cestodes and eight nematodes. The cestode Pseudocatenotaenia matovi and the nematode Syphacia frederici were the most prevalent and abundant helminth species, respectively. Sixty four percent of mice analysed presented helminths with a direct cycle and 42% presented helminths with an indirect cycle. The helminth community presents a low diversity with infracommunities usually made up of only one or two helminth species. Host age and year of capture seem to play a major role in determining species richness and helminth diversity, but not in determining the abundance of helminths. Host sex does not seem to affect the infection rate nor the diversity. Further studies on more samples of wood mice and other small mammal species in this regional park are needed to explore any possible interactions between helminth communities in the host populations.
Natural infection of the gerbil Meriones lybicus with the metacestode of Taenia endothoracicus in Arak, central Iran
Authors: Mowlavi G.R. , Kia E.B. , Mobedi I. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractPolycephalic larvae of Taenia endothoracicus were found from naturally infected gerbils Meriones lybicus in a rural area of Arak, central Iran. A large cyst containing 19 protoscolices was located in the peritoneum, attached to the large omentum. The characteristics of the protoscolices and rostellar hooks confirmed the identification of these larvae as T. endothoracicus.
Epidemiology of cerebrospinal Elaphostrongylus cervi infection in red deer in central Spain
Authors: Valcárcel F. , Corchero J. , Olmeda A.S. , García Romero C. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractElaphostrongylus cervi produces a subclinical cerebrospinal disease in many wild and domestic ruminants from Europe, North America and New Zealand and has recently been described in Spain. To determine some aspects of its epidemiology, 121 red deer (Cervus elaphus) from central Spain were sampled during 2000. The prevalence (7%) and mean worm burden (3.8 worms per brain) were similar to the values previously recorded in other European areas. The infection was only detected in young deer during the winter. The estimation of larval production in the faeces was not a reliable method of diagnosing E. cervi infection.
Utilization of brown trout Salmo trutta by Acanthocephalus clavula in an Irish lake: is this evidence of a host shift?
Authors: Byrne C.J. , Holland C.V. , Walsh E. , Mulligan C. , Kennedy C.R. , Poole W.R. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThe population biology of the fish acanthocephalan Acanthocephalus clavula was described from 161 wild brown trout, Salmo trutta sampled over a two-year period in Clogher Lake in the west of Ireland. Overall prevalence of the parasite was 86% and the mean abundance was 53 worms per fish. Despite the presence of large numbers of worms in the trout very few females (2%) attained full reproductive maturity. This suggests that trout is an accidental host. A sample of yellow eels, Anguilla anguilla was examined at a different time from the same lake. The prevalence of A. clavula was 97% and the average abundance was 8 worms per fish. In contrast to the situation in trout, the proportion of female worms attaining full reproductive maturity was 61% fulfilling the expected characteristic of a preferred definitive host. The possible explanations for the very high abundance of A. clavula in trout are discussed and include the influence of fluctuations in host populations, host diet and the absence of a potential competitor.
Effects of snail size on encystment of Echinostoma caproni in juvenile Biomphalaria glabrata (NMRI strain) and observations on the survival of infected snails
Authors: Schneck J.L. , Fried B. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThe effects of snail size on encystment of Echinostoma caproni cercariae in neonatal and juvenile Biomphalaria glabrata (NMRI strain) snails were studied. Encystment in neonatal (0.7–1.1 mm shell diameter) and juvenile (2–3 mm shell diameter) snails was compared 24 h post-infection (PI) following individual exposure of snails of each size to 1, 5, 10, 25 and 50 cercariae. Significantly more cysts were recovered from juveniles exposed to 1, 5, 10 and 50 cercariae than from neonatals with comparable exposure. Size of B. glabrata was a major factor in determining cyst burden in this planorbid. Survival of infected versus uninfected neonatals and juveniles was also examined for 7 days. Neonatals exposed to 10 cercariae showed a significant decrease in survival at 3, 6 and 7 days PI when compared to the uninfected controls. There was no significant decrease in the survival of juveniles exposed to 10 cercariae compared to uninfected controls at any time point. Snail size was a factor in mortality associated with echinostome cercarial penetration and encystment.
Intestinal anisakiasis in Italy: case report
Authors: Moschella C.M. , Mattiucci S. , Mingazzini P. , De Angelis G. , Assenza M. , Lombardo F. , Monaco S. , Paggi L. , Modini C. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractA case of intestinal anisakiasis caused by Anisakis sp. larva type I in a woman from Italy who consumed raw marinated anchovies, is reported. The diagnosis was based on the morphological features characteristic of anisakid larval stages, which were readily recognized in a large granuloma removed after emergency surgical treatment.
Schistosoma bovis in western Uganda
Authors: Stothard J.R. , Lockyer A.E. , Kabatereine N.B. , Tukahebwa E.M. , Kazibwe F. , Rollinson D. , Fenwick A. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractDuring routine parasitological surveillance and monitoring activities within a National Control Programme for control of human schistosomiasis in Uganda, it was noted that cattle grazing in a water meadow immediately adjacent to Tonya primary school, where the prevalence of intestinal schistosomiasis in children was in excess of 90%, were unusually emaciated. To test the hypothesis that there may have been an anthropozoonotic focus of Schistosoma mansoni within the local herd, a young female heifer, clearly emaciated and c. 8 months old, was slaughtered from which schistosome worms were later recovered by dissection. As female worms inspected by microscopy were not gravid, morphological identification proved inconclusive but analysis of cytochome oxidase subunit I (COI) and small subunit (SSU) ribosomal DNA sequences from these worms identified them as Schistosoma bovis Sonsino, 1876. This is the first substantiated report of S. bovis from Lake Albert, western Uganda. Further epidemiological surveys are needed to clarify the extent of bovine schistosomiasis within this region, particularly so since this lakeside plain has been earmarked as a future game reserve.
Lack of evidence for co-speciation in a parasitic nematode of grey kangaroos
Authors: Chilton N.B. , Morris G.M. , Beveridge I. , Coulson G. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractMultilocus enzyme electrophoresis was used to compare specimens of the parasitic nematode Cloacina obtusa from the stomach of the eastern grey kangaroo, Macropus giganteus and the western grey kangaroo, M. fuliginosus. Allelic variation among nematodes was detected at 17 (85%) of 20 loci, but there was only a single fixed genetic difference (at the locus for isocitrate dehydrogenase, IDH) between C. obtusa from M. fuliginosus and those from M. giganteus in areas where each host occurred in allopatry. However, this fixed difference was not apparent within the zone of host sympatry. Although electrophoretic data indicate genetic divergence among allopatric populations of C. obtusa in the two host species, the magnitude of the electrophoretic difference (5%) between these populations does not refute the hypothesis that C. obtusa represents a single species. The ’usual’ situation for parasitic helminths of grey kangaroos is that pairs of parasite species occur in the two host species. This situation differs for C. obtusa, where there has been a lack of speciation following a speciation event in its macropodid marsupial hosts. This finding suggests that a speciation event in the host does not necessarily lead to a speciation event for all its parasites and further highlights our lack of understanding of which processes drive speciation in parasites.
Epidemiology of alveolar echinococcosis in southern Cantal, Auvergne region, France
Authors: Magnaval J.-F. , Boucher C. , Morassin B. , Raoul F. , Raoul F. , Duranton C. , Jacquiet P. , Giraudoux P. , Vuitton D.A. , Piarroux R. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractAlveolar echinococcosis (AE) is a helminth zoonosis which is encountered only in the northern hemisphere. In central France, the Auvergne region represents the most western and southern extension of this helminthiasis. In 1999, a human case of AE was diagnosed in the southern part of the Cantal department, where AE was supposed absent, and an epidemiological survey was subsequently carried out. The transmission of the zoonosis in the sylvatic and peridomestic definitive hosts was studied, as well as that in the rodent and human intermediate hosts. Eleven red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) were shot, and 50 fox faecal deposits were collected. Twelve farm dogs had their faeces taken by rectal touch, and four were checked after arecoline purgation. Optical detection of Echinococcus multilocularis worms was achieved on fox intestines after scraping, and also on dog stools after arecoline therapy. Coproantigen ELISA assay was performed for the 11 scraping products, for the 50 fox faeces, and for the 12 dog faecal samples. No adult AE agent was observed by microscopy, and the ELISA assay yielded positive results in one of 11 fox intestines, one of 50 fox faeces, and 2 of 12 dog faecal samples. Twenty-five small mammals were trapped, of which 19 were Arvicola terrestris water voles. One rodent liver exhibited a hepatic lesion consistent with AE. An epidemiological questionnaire was completed in 85 human volunteers, who were also serologically tested for AE. Only one (the case's husband) exhibited a Western-blotting pattern indicative of a low-grade AE infection. The results of this preliminary study suggested a slow AE extension to the south of Cantal department from the northern focus.
Growth hormone (GH)‐induced reconstitution of CD8+ CD28+ T lymphocytes in a rare case of severe lymphopenia associated with Juvenile Haemochromatosis and Turner's syndrome
Authors: Porto Graça , Cruz Eugénia , Miranda Helena Pessegueiro , Porto Beatriz , Vasconcelos José Carlos , Lacerda Rosa , Roetto Antonella , Daraio Filomena , Bacelar Conceição 
Published: October 2004

SummaryThis paper describes a rare case of Turner's syndrome associated with Juvenile Haemochromatosis and severe lymphopenia, followed‐up for a period of 5 years. Because of the indication for treatment with growth hormone (GH), this case was observed as a model to analyse the effects of GH on growth, iron mobilization and lymphocyte reconstitution. For this purpose, a serial study of the T lymphocyte subpopulations CD4+, CD8+, CD8+ CD28+ and CD8+ CD28‐ was performed by immunophenotyping during the follow‐up period. Besides the impact of both phlebotomy treatment and GH on the rapid growth and mobilization of 20·8 g of iron in 136 weeks, the most relevant observation was the finding of a significant expansion of CD8+ T lymphocytes expressing the costimulatory marker CD28 in the setting of the severe lymphopenia. These findings constitute new clinical evidence supporting the notion that the GH/IGF‐1 system has an important role on the maintenance of T cell homeostasis in vivo, and that GH may be regarded as a putative therapeutic agent in T lymphocyte reconstitution.
Cellular immune responses in autoimmune thyroid disease
Authors: Weetman A. P. 
Published: October 2004

SummaryRecent research in autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) has largely focused on delineation of the autoantigens and their epitopes, but there is now renewed interest in the immunoregulatory properties of T cells, an understanding of which may explain the emergence of AITD in experimental settings. T cell recognition of autoantigens has shown considerable intra‐ and interindividual heterogeneity, and a mixed pattern of cytokine production indicates that both the Th1 and Th2 limbs of the helper T cell response are involved in all types of AITD. It is now clear that secretion of chemokines and cytokines within the thyroid accounts for the accumulation and expansion of the intrathyroidal lymphocyte pool, and that the thyroid cells themselves contribute to this secretion. The thyroid cells also produce a number of proinflammatory molecules which will tend to exacerbate the autoimmune process. Thyroid cell destruction in autoimmune hypothyroidism is dependent on T cell‐mediated cytotoxicity with the likely additional effect of death receptor‐mediated apoptosis.
Cavernous and inferior petrosal sinus sampling in the evaluation of ACTH‐dependent Cushing's syndrome
Authors: Liu Chienying , Lo Joan C. , Dowd Christopher F. , Wilson Charles B. , Kunwar Sandeep , Aron David C. , Tyrrell J. Blake 
Published: October 2004

Summaryobjective  Central venous sampling (CVS) is used frequently in the evaluation of ACTH‐dependent Cushing's syndrome. However, several controversies exist including the diagnostic accuracy, the sampling site of choice (cavernous sinus vs. inferior petrosal sinus) and the use of lateralization data in tumour localization. We have analysed our experience with CVS to address these controversies.design  We retrospectively reviewed CVS data in patients with ACTH‐dependent Cushing's syndrome, in whom cavernous sinus sampling (CSS), inferior petrosal sinus sampling (IPSS) and IPSS after administration of ovine corticotrophin releasing hormone (oCRH) were performed.patients  Data on 95 patients were analysed, including 79 patients with suspected Cushing's disease (CD) and 16 patients with suspected ectopic ACTH syndrome (EAS).results  For the differential diagnosis of ACTH‐dependent Cushing's syndrome, the diagnostic accuracy of IPSS after oCRH stimulation was 97% compared to 86% for CSS. While no single sampling site was perfect in diagnostic accuracy, sampling both CS and IPS achieved a combined diagnostic accuracy of 100%. Lateralization data predicted tumour location in 62–68% of the patients with various central venous drainage patterns and in 77–80% of the patients with symmetrical drainage. CSS was not significantly superior to IPSS in tumour lateralization. In patients with suspected CD based on CVS and in whom an adenoma was not found on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and not located by the surgeon intraoperatively, hemihypophysectomy based on lateralization data was successful in only 10 of the 18 patients (56%) with various central venous drainage patterns and in 5 of 10 patients with symmetrical drainage.conclusion  CVS is a powerful method for differentiating CD from the EAS. CSS without oCRH was not superior to IPSS after oCRH stimulation; however, we achieved a 100% diagnostic accuracy if at least two sites were sampled. Tumour localization by CVS did not accurately predict the tumour site at surgery and should not be used to guide surgical resection.
Myelodysplasia‐associated autoimmunity: clinical and pathophysiologic concepts
Authors: Voulgarelis M. , Giannouli S. , Ritis K. , Tzioufas A. G. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractMyelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), an acquired clonal disorder of haemopoietic progenitor cells, is characterized by haemopoietic insufficiency associated with cytopenias, leading to serious morbidity plus the additional risk of leukaemic transformation. In MDS an acquired insult to the haemopoietic stem cell leads to impaired differentiation and myelodysplasia. However, there is increasing evidence that the marrow failure of MDS is immune‐mediated. A model of MDS pathophysiology suggests that transformation of normal stem cells induces an autoimmune T‐cell response with the bone marrow as the target organ. This autoimmune attack results in chronic overproduction of pro‐apoptotic cytokines, especially tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFα). In addition, several reports have revealed that approximately 10% of MDS patients have clinical autoimmune disorders. This review illustrates the cellular/molecular mechanisms and the implication of the tumour suppressor gene interferon regulatory factor‐1 (IRF‐1) in the pathophysiology of MDS‐associated autoimmune deregulation.
Relationship between illness representation and self‐efficacy
Authors: Lau‐Walker Margaret 
Published: October 2004

Aim.  This paper reports a patient survey exploring the possible relationship between illness perception and self‐efficacy following a cardiac event, and the implications this could have for nursing practice.Background.  Cardiac rehabilitation guidelines endorse the need to improve psychological care; suggesting that individualized support will improve the effectiveness of cardiac rehabilitation. Surveys, however, continue to identify that psychosocial factors are poorly assessed. Illness representation and self‐efficacy are two prominent research approaches that have been developed as separate foci for the treatment of patients.Method.  A cross‐sectional survey with patients diagnosed with either myocardial infarction or angina over an 8‐month period in two hospitals. The Illness Perception Questionnaire, General Self‐Efficacy Questionnaire, Cardiac Diet Self‐efficacy Instrument and Cardiac Exercise Self‐efficacy Instrument were used, alongside two specifically‐designed scales: the Diet Outcome Expectation and Exercise Outcome Expectation Scales.Results.  The results indicate that there is a significant relationship between illness perception and self‐efficacy. The greater patients’ perceived consequences of the heart condition, the lower was the general self‐efficacy available to cope with the condition. Further, the longer the perceived time the condition will affect the patient, the higher the specific self‐efficacy to maintain a change of diet or exercise regime.Conclusion.  The findings identify that, in the initial phase of recovery, nursing practice needs to focus on the key variables of ‘consequence’ and ‘timeline’ in order to increase patients’ confidence in their ability to cope (self‐efficacy).
The struggle for sanitary reform in the Lancashire cotton mills, 1920–1970
Authors: Hallett Christine E. , Abendstern Michele , Wade Lesley 
Published: October 2004

Aim. This paper reports one aspect of a larger study. The aim of this aspect was to explore the role of the ‘welfare officer’ in promoting the health of cotton mill workers during this period.Background. The paper considers one element of a broad exploratory study of the health of women cotton mill workers in the North West of England. The original purpose of the study, which was conducted in 2002 in two towns, Oldham and Ashton‐under‐Lyne, was to explore the women's own perceptions of the impact of their work on their health, and to find out what, if any, help and support they obtained. During the course of the study it was discovered that ‘welfare officers’, some of whom were trained nurses, had an important role in promoting the health of these workers. The study was therefore expanded to incorporate data obtained directly from interviews with a small sample of welfare officers. The present paper focuses on the issue of sanitary reform and considers the role of the ‘welfare officer’ in promoting public health in the workplace.Methods. The study employed a combination of archive searches and oral history interviewing. In total, 31 interviews were undertaken between June 2001 and October 2002. The interpretive process focussed both on the ideological power structures which influenced the perspectives of participants, and on evidence for those aspects of participants’ experiences which impacted on their health.Findings. In considering their health, female cotton‐mill workers recalled that the poor sanitary conditions in their workplaces during the middle years of the 20th century had been a source of some concern to them. They also observed that mill welfare officers took a hand in promoting improvement in available facilities. Welfare officers themselves recounted their own concern regarding the poor sanitary conditions in the mills, and their efforts to improve conditions for the mill workers.Conclusions. The paper demonstrates the role of a little‐known group of health workers in the middle years of the 20th century, and demonstrates the importance of oral history work in re‐capturing elements of nursing work and experience, which do not appear extensively in the written record. The study's relevance to contemporary practice lies in the insight it offers into the autonomy with which these occupational health workers defined their roles and performed their work.