bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comprehensive Evaluation of Changes in Placentomes in the Second and Third Trimesters of Pregnancy in Cross‐Bred Hamdani Sheep
Authors: Kandil Banu , Turgut Ali Osman , Koca Davut , Isbilir Fatma , Atli Muhammed Zahid , Guzel Barıs Can 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundA proper placentation is required for establishment and continuity of pregnancy. In sheep, placentomes are unique structures that enable nutrition and gas exchange between the mother and the foetus. Although placentomes are dynamic formations, there is limited knowledge of changes in placentomes during pregnancy.ObjectiveThis study aimed to identify changes in sheep placentomes in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy using both macroscopic and microscopic methods.MethodsThis study investigated 14 healthy cross‐breed Hamdani sheep placentomes, comprising seven second and seven third trimesters of pregnancy. The histomorphometric analysis included measurements of capillary number and area in cotyledonary and caruncular regions, while morphometric assessments encompassed placentome dimensions such as number, length, width, and depth.ResultsPlacentomes were oval and circular in shape in the second and third trimesters. In the second trimester, they were observed as concave structures with thick edges, whereas in the third trimester, they were determined as thin‐edged structures with a slight depression in the centre. In the third trimester, foetal and maternal tissues became more intertwined with increased branching of foetal villi and maternal crypts. Placental hematomas and erythrocytes in the cytoplasm of trophoblast cells were more prominent in the third trimester. Statistical analysis revealed no difference in placentome number between the second and third trimesters. However, the dimensions (length, width, and depth) of placentomes were greater in the third trimester compared to the second trimester (p < 0.001). Additionally, while there was no difference in the number of cotyledonary versus caruncular capillaries in the second trimester, cotyledonary capillaries outnumbered caruncular capillaries in the third trimester (p < 0.001). Furthermore, both cotyledonary and caruncular capillary areas increased in the third trimester compared to the second trimester, with the caruncular capillary area being consistently higher than the cotyledonary capillary area in both trimesters (p < 0.05).ConclusionThis study underscores the substantial structural and physiological transformations of placentomes in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy in sheep. These adaptations facilitate efficient flow exchange between the foetus and mother, highlighting the dynamic nature of placental development during late gestation.
The Viral K1 Killer Yeast System: Toxicity, Immunity, and Resistance
Authors: Chan Angelina , Hays Michelle , Sherlock Gavin 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTKiller yeasts, such as the K1 killer strain of S. cerevisiae, express a secreted anti‐competitive toxin whose production and propagation require the presence of two vertically‐transmitted dsRNA viruses. In sensitive cells lacking killer virus infection, toxin binding to the cell wall results in ion pore formation, disruption of osmotic homeostasis, and cell death. However, the exact mechanism(s) of K1 toxin killing activity, how killer yeasts are immune to their own toxin, and which factors could influence adaptation and resistance to K1 toxin within formerly sensitive populations are still unknown. Here, we describe the state of knowledge about K1 killer toxin, including current models of toxin processing and killing activity, and a summary of known modifiers of K1 toxin immunity and resistance. In addition, we discuss two key signaling pathways, HOG (high osmolarity glycerol) and CWI (cell wall integrity), whose involvement in an adaptive response to K1 killer toxin in sensitive cells has been previously documented but requires further study. As both host‐virus and sensitive‐killer competition have been documented in killer systems like K1, further characterization of K1 killer yeasts may provide a useful model system for study of both intracellular genetic conflict and counter‐adaptation between competing sensitive and killer populations.
Noncommutative Schur functions for posets
Authors: Blasiak J. , Eriksson H. , Pylyavskyy P. , Siegl I. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The machinery of noncommutative Schur functions is a general approach to Schur positivity of symmetric functions initiated by Fomin-Greene. Hwang recently adapted this theory to posets to give a new approach to the Stanley-Stembridge conjecture. We further develop this theory to prove that the symmetric function associated to any P-Knuth equivalence graph is Schur positive. This settles a conjecture of Kim and the third author, and refines results of Gasharov, Shareshian-Wachs, and Hwang on the Schur positivity of chromatic symmetric functions.
Quality of referrals and adherence to guidelines for adult patients with minimal to moderate head injuries in a selection of Norwegian hospitals
Authors: Kjelle Elin , Brandsæter Ingrid Øfsti , Lauritzen Peter Mæhre , Andersen Eivind Richter , Porthun Jan , Hofmann Bjørn Morten 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Purpose
This study aimed to assess adherence to the Scandinavian guidelines, the justification of referrals, and the quality of referrals of patients with mild, minimal, and moderate head injuries in a selection of Norwegian hospitals.

Methods
We collected 283 head CT referrals for head trauma patients at one hospital trust in Norway in 2022. The data included the patients’ sex, age, and the referral text. Six radiologists independently assessed all referrals using a registration form developed based on the Scandinavian guidelines for patients with mild, minimal, and moderate head injuries and general referral guidelines. Descriptive statistics was used to analyze data on adherence to guidelines, while Gwet’s AC1/2 was used to test the agreement between the raters.

Results
This study found that 65% of referrals were assessed to be justified according to the guideline by at least one rater, while 17% were rated justified outside the guideline. In 52%, at least one rater required more information. There was good to moderate interrater agreement.

Conclusions
Adherence to the Scandinavian guidelines and the quality of referrals of patients with mild, minimal, and moderate head injuries are low. Training and using S100B is recommended to improve the justification rate and quality of patient care.
Increasing prehospital tourniquet use attributed to non-indicated use: an 11-year retrospective study
Authors: Hedger Daniel J. , Smith Mitchell , Weaver Natasha , Bendall Jason , Balogh Zsolt J. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Purpose
The use of prehospital tourniquets (PHTQ) for haemorrhage control in the civilian trauma population has increased over the past decade with some reports documenting the overuse of the device. The aim of this study was to identify the proportion of PHTQ use that is non-indicated and determine how this proportion is changing over time.

Methods
An 11-year retrospective study was performed at a Level-1 Trauma Centre on all trauma patients admitted with a PHTQ. Local PHTQ guidelines were used to define non-indicated use. Collected variables included patient demographics, injury characteristics, tourniquet application characteristics, prehospital data, emergency department data, and clinical outcomes. The primary outcome was non-indicated PHTQ use. The secondary outcome was complications attributed to PHTQ use.

Results
There were 88 PHTQ applications to 88 extremity injuries in 86 patients (n = 86, median (IQR) age 43 (28–57) years, 85% male). PHTQ use was deemed non-indicated in 68 cases (68/88, 77% [95%CI 67-86%]). The proportion of non-indicated PHTQ use increased over the period of the study period (p = 0.03). At least one complication potentially from PHTQ use was seen in 33 patients (33/86, 38%). In patients with prolonged tourniquet time (n = 13), at least one complication from PHTQ use was seen in 11 patients (11/13, 85%).

Conclusion
Over this 11-year period, we identified that the increase in PHTQ use in civilian trauma is from increasing non-indicated use. Given that complications are associated with unnecessary PHTQ use, the adherence to the guidelines needs to be urgently reinforced.
The severely injured older patient: identifying patients at high risk for mortality using the Dutch National Trauma Registry
Authors: van Ameijden Sara , de Jongh Mariska , Poeze Martijn 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Purpose
The incidence of severely injured older trauma patients is increasing globally, portraying high mortality rates. Exploring the demographics and clinical outcomes of this subgroup is essential to further improve specialised care at the right place. This study was performed to identify severely injured older patients at high risk for mortality by examining their characteristics and identifying prognostic factors contributing to mortality.

Methods
A retrospective cohort study was conducted using data from the Dutch National Trauma Registry to identify all trauma patients aged 70 years and older from 2016 to 2022. Subgroup analyses for characteristics and outcomes were performed based on Injury Severity Score (ISS) 16–24 and ISS ≥ 25, as well as age groups of 70–79, 80–89 and ≥ 90 years. A logistic, backwards regression analysis was performed to identify predictors for mortality within each ISS groups.

Results
In total, 10,901 patients were included. The mean age was comparable between the ISS groups (80.48 ± 6.8 vs. 80.54 ± 6.6 years). The main trauma mechanisms in both the ISS 16–24 and ISS ≥ 25 were low energy falls and bicycle accidents. The head and thorax were the most frequently injured body regions, with a significantly higher proportion of severe head injuries in the ISS ≥ 25 group (32.6% vs. 73.4%). Mortality rates increased significantly with higher injury severity (13.9% vs. 48.9%) and advancing age (22.6% vs. 32.4% vs. 35.8%). The most significant predictors of mortality in the ISS 16–24 group were an increase in ASA score and a GCS 3–8 at arrival (OR for GCS: 7.2 (95% CI 5.7–9.1), AUC 0.76). Similarly, in the ISS ≥ 25 group, an increased ASA score and a GCS 3–8 at arrival were the most significant predictors of mortality as well (OR for GCS: 10.8 (9.1–12.9), AUC 0.79). Although increasing age was also associated with a higher risk of mortality in both ISS groups, its impact was less significant than the aforementioned variables.

Conclusion
Severe injuries in older patients are predominantly caused by low energy falls and bicycle accidents, leading to high mortality rates. A low GCS at arrival and high ASA scores are most strongly associated with an increased risk for mortality. Notably, despite the prevalence of severe injuries among the oldest patients, the proportion of intensive care unit admissions decreases markedly with age. This raises the question what feasible care for these often frail patients should comprise of and where this care should be provided, especially for those with severe pre-existent comorbidities.

Level of evidence and study type
Level III, prognostic/epidemiological.
Neural cue reactivity and intrinsic functional connectivity in individuals with alcohol use disorder following treatment with topiramate or naltrexone
Authors: Logge Warren B. , Haber Paul S. , Hurzeler Tristan , Gallagher Hugh , Kranzler Henry , Morley Kirsten C. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Rationale
Both topiramate and naltrexone have been shown to affect neural alcohol cue reactivity in alcohol use disorder (AUD). However, their comparative effects on alcohol cue reactivity are unknown. Moreover, while naltrexone has been found to normalize hyperactive localized network connectivity implicated in AUD, no studies have examined the effect of topiramate on intrinsic functional connectivity or compared functional connectivity between these two widely used medications.

Objective
This study compared topiramate versus naltrexone on alcohol cue-elicited brain activation and intrinsic functional connectivity in patients with alcohol use disorder.

Methods
Forty-seven participants with alcohol use disorder received daily topiramate (titrating the dose up to 200 mg/day n = 21) or naltrexone (50 mg/day, n = 26) for at least 6 weeks. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we examined intrinsic functional connectivity during rest and alcohol cue-elicited neural activation during a visual alcohol cue reactivity task 120 min following treatment administration. Functional connectivity and alcohol cue reactivity and percentage of heavy drinking days (% HDD) associations were assessed.

Results
No differences in either intrinsic functional connectivity or alcohol cue-elicited neural activity were seen between topiramate and naltrexone-treated groups. Overall, participants showed increased alcohol cue-elicited activation in three clusters spanning occipital regions involved in visual recognition of stimuli, and hypoactivation to both alcohol and control cues in three clusters involved in salience attribution and processing of emotional valence of external stimuli. No differences between topiramate versus naltrexone were observed for either functional measure or associations with post-scan % HDD.

Conclusions
Topiramate and naltrexone enacted comparable alcohol cue reactivity and intrinsic functional connectivity patterns. Some overall responses of increased brain activation to alcohol cues in visual processing regions coupled with reduced activation to alcohol and control cues were evidenced for both treatments. These activation patterns were in regions expected to show attenuation of brain activity resulting from treatment. Topiramate and naltrexone may thus enact functional effects through similar modulation of functional neural activity in individuals with AUD.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03479086 https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT03479086.
Relationship assessment of microbial community and cometabolic consumption of 2-chlorophenol
Authors: Martínez-Jardines Miguel , Oltehua-López Omar , Martínez-Hernández Sergio , Texier Anne-Claire , de María Cuervo-López Flor 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The relationship of microbial community and cometabolic consumption of 2-chlorophenol (2-CP) in a nitrifying sequencing batch reactor (SBR) was studied. The assessment of the population dynamics of the nitrifying sludge during the cometabolic 2-CP consumption with increasing ammonium (NH4
+) concentrations in the SBR showed the presence of 39 different species of which 10 were always present in all cycles. Fifty-five percent of the species found were grouped as Proteobacteria (45% as β-proteobacteria and 10% as γ-proteobacteria class), 30% as Acidobacteria, and 15% as Deinococcus-Thermus phyla. NH4
+ and cometabolic 2-CP consumption could be related to the presence and permanence of ammonium-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) species and heterotrophic bacteria, while the complete nitrification to the presence of nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) species. A correlation analysis showed that the complete and stable nitrifying performance (NH4
+ consumption efficiencies (ENH4
+-N) > 99% and nitrate production yields (YNO3
−-N) between 0.93 and 0.99), as well as the increase in specific rates (ammonium (qNH4
+-N) and 2-CP (q2-CP-C) consumption and nitrate production (qNO3
−-N)), was associated with the homogeneity of the bacterial community (J index = 0.99). The increase in the proportion of individuals of AOB species such as Nitrosomonas oligotropha and Nitrosomonas marina was associated with the increase in qNH4
+-N (r ≥ 0.69) and q2-CP-C (r ≥ 0.64) and, therefore, with the 2-CP cometabolic consumption in the SBR. Finally, the increase in the proportion of individuals of heterotrophic species such as Dokdonella ginsengisoli, Deinococcus peraridilitoris, Truepera radiovictrix, and Stenotrophobacter terrae was associated with the increase in q2-CP-C (r ≥ 0.59).

Key points
• Thirty-nine bacterial species were identified in the nitrifying sludge population of the SBR.

• β-Proteobacteria and Acidobacteria were the prevalent (85%) bacterial groups.

• AOB and heterotrophic bacteria participate in NH

4

+

and cometabolic 2-CP consumption.

Graphical abstract
Dynamic wall shear stress measurement using event-based 3d particle tracking
Authors: Willert Christian E. , Klinner Joachim 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We describe the implementation of a 3d Lagrangian particle tracking (LPT) system based on event-based vision (EBV) and demonstrate its application for the near-wall characterization of a turbulent boundary layer (TBL) in air. The viscous sublayer of the TBL is illuminated by a thin light sheet that grazes the surface of a thin glass window inserted into the wind tunnel wall. The data simultaneously captured by three synchronized event cameras are used to reconstruct the 3d particle tracks within

$$400\,\upmu \text{m}$$

400

μ
m

of the wall on a field of view of

$$12.0\,\text{mm} \times 7.5\,\text{mm}$$

12.0

mm
×
7.5

mm

. The velocity and position of particles within the viscous sublayer permit the estimation of the local vector of the unsteady wall shear stress (WSS) under the assumption of linearity between particle velocity and WSS. Thereby, time-evolving maps of the unsteady WSS and higher-order statistics are obtained that are in agreement with DNS data at matching Reynolds number. Near-wall particle acceleration provides the rate of change of the WSS which exhibits fully symmetric log-normal superstatistics. Two-point correlations of the randomly spaced WSS data are obtained by a bin-averaging approach and reveal information on the spacing of near-wall streaks. The employed compact EBV hardware coupled with suited LPT tracking algorithms provides data quality on par with currently used, considerably more expensive, high-speed framing cameras.
Development and Application of Cavity-based Absorption Spectroscopy in Atmospheric Chemistry: Recent Progress
Authors: Zhao Weixiong , Yang Nana , Hu Renzhi , Fang Bo , Zhou Jiacheng , Lin Chuan , Cheng Feihu , Xie Pinhua , Zhang Weijun 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Atmospheric chemistry research and atmospheric measurement techniques have mutually promoted each other and developed rapidly in China in recent years. Cavity-based absorption spectroscopy, which uses a high-finesse cavity to achieve very long absorption path-length, thereby achieving ultra-high detection sensitivity, plays an extremely important role in atmospheric chemistry research. Based on the Beer–Lambert law, this technology has the unique advantages of being non-destructive, chemical-free, and highly selective. It does not require any sample preparation and can quantitatively analyze atmospheric trace gases in real time and in situ. In this paper, we review the following: (1) key technological advances in different cavity-based absorption spectroscopy techniques, including cavity ring-down spectroscopy, cavity-enhanced absorption spectroscopy, cavity attenuated phase shift spectroscopy, and their extensions; and (2) applications of these techniques in the detection of atmospheric reactive species, such as total peroxy radical, formaldehyde, and reactive nitrogen (e.g., NO
x
, HONO, peroxy nitrates, and alkyl nitrates). The review systematically introduces cavity-based absorption spectroscopy techniques and their applications in atmospheric chemistry, which will help promote further communication and cooperation in the fields of laser spectroscopy and atmospheric chemistry.
Effect of dietary phenolic compounds intake on mortality in the “Seguimiento Universidad De Navarra” (SUN) Mediterranean cohort
Authors: Vázquez-Ruiz Zenaida , Toledo Estefanía , Vitelli-Storelli Facundo , Bes-Rastrollo Maira , Martínez-González Miguel Ángel 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Plant-based dietary patterns have been demonstrated to reduce the risk of non-communicable disease (NCD), including cardiovascular disease (CVD), type 2 diabetes, cancer, and all-cause mortality. Phenolic compounds (PC), abundant in plant-based foods, have been considered as instrumental in this attenuation of NCD risk. We evaluated the association between dietary intake of PC and the risk of all-cause mortality in a relatively young Mediterranean cohort of 18,173 Spanish participants in the “Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra” (SUN) project, after a median follow-up of 12.7 years. Intake of PC was estimated at baseline and repeatedly after 10-year follow-up using a 136-item validated food frequency questionnaire and the Phenol-Explorer database. During 236,329 person-years, 544 deaths were confirmed. Cox regression models compared low intake (lowest quintile) vs. high intake (the four upper quintiles merged, as a reference category) of total energy-adjusted PC intake. Adjusted hazard ratios (HR) for low PC intake among those participants aged over 45 years during follow-up were 1.32; 95% CI 1.02–1.71 for all-cause mortality, HR:1.44; 95% CI 1.02–2.02 for cancer mortality; HR: 0.88; 95% CI 0.47–1.66 for CVD mortality and HR: 1.69 95% CI 1.04–2.74 for causes of death other than cancer or CVD. In conclusion, a low intake of total PC was associated with a significantly higher risk of all-cause mortality, and, specifically, a higher risk for cancer in a relatively young cohort. Among PC classes a low intake of flavonoids and phenolic acids showed significant effects for non-cancer/non-CVD mortality. Cherries, chocolate, apples and pears, olives, and coffee, were the major sources of between-person variability for total PC intake in our Mediterranean cohort.
Cost and outcomes of side-to-side versus end-to-end anastomosis in right colectomy: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Herzog Kim , Taha-Mehlitz Stephanie , Denhaerynck Kris , Steinemann Daniel C. , Guenin Marc-Olivier , von Strauss und Torney Marco 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
The optimal anastomotic configuration for right-sided colectomies remains controversial, with comparable postoperative outcomes across techniques. Thus, economic considerations may play a larger role in decision-making within cost-constrained healthcare settings.

Methods
This retrospective cohort study evaluated right-sided colectomies with ileocolic anastomosis at a Swiss tertiary center between 2016 and 2021. We compared costs and outcomes among three anastomotic techniques: end-to-end (EE), side-to-side stapled (SSS), and side-to-side hand-sewn (SSH).

Results
Out of 468 patients (mean age 67.7 ± 16.2 years; 51.7% female), EE was used in 95 cases (20.3%), SSS in 191 (40.8%), and SSH in 182 (38.9%). The majority (72.0%) underwent elective surgery. Insurance coverage included basic (62.2%), semi-private (24.2%), and private (13.7%). Mean operation times were shortest for EE (173.6 ± 72.3 min), followed by SSS (188.0 ± 65.4 min) and SSH (195.1 ± 61.5 min). The median total costs were 26,449 €. The SSS group had the lowest median total costs, 2424 € less than SSH and 2095 € less than EE, with no significant differences (p = 0.1657). Significant differences were observed in operating room (OR) costs, with EE being the lowest and SSH the highest (p < 0.0001). Adjusted OR costs in SSH were 23% more than EE and 21% more than SSS. No significant difference was found between EE and SSS OR costs. For mean OR material costs, EE had the lowest, followed by SSS and SSH. Adjusted costs for EE were 52% lower than SSS (p = 0.0005) and 65% lower than SSH (p = 0.0191).
Clavien-Dindo Grade ≥ III complication rates were 2.1% for EE, 1.9% for SSH, and 3.0% for SSS. Anastomotic leakage occurred in 12 cases (2.6%), and in-hospital mortality was 0.9% (no deaths in EE; two in SSS and SSH each).

Conclusions
EE anastomosis was associated with the lowest OR and material costs in this retrospective analysis while no disadvantages concerning postoperative outcomes could be identified.