bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correlation between lower urinary tract symptoms and urethral function in benign prostatic hyperplasia
Authors: Nakai Hideo , Yamanishi Tomonori , Yasuda Kousaku , Kitahara Satoshi , Suzuki Tsuneki 
Published: September 2004

AbstractAimTo examine the potential correlation between urethral function and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).MethodsThirty‐one patients with clinical BPH, who were confirmed to have benign prostatic enlargement (BPE) of 20 ml or more, were enrolled into the study. A mark‐sheet questionnaire was used for obtaining the LUTS history. Multichannel pressure‐flow urodynamic studies were performed and external urethral sphincter pressure (PEUS), intravesical pressure (PVES), and bladder neck pressure (PBN) were recorded both at maximum cystometric capacity and during voiding with 5‐microtip transducers, for the purpose of detecting BPE‐specific urodynamic findings at different levels within the urethra.ResultsThere was a positive correlation between hesitancy and detrusor bladder neck dyssynergia (DBND) (P = 0.0011) and between incomplete emptying and low PBN at maximum cystometric capacity (P = 0.0425). The hesitancy proved to have no correlation with bladder neck opening time (TBNO).ConclusionUrodynamic evaluation of urethral function was beneficial for attributing LUTS to clinical BPH. Among various parameters, DBND was the most specific to clinical BPH, suggesting it to be a situation where a steep rise in PBN or prostatic urethral pressure remains greater than the increasing PVES, resulting in sustained difficulty in opening the bladder neck and subsequently the subjective sensation of hesitancy. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Decoupling of automatic control systems in a continuous‐wave electron paramagnetic resonance spectrometer for biomedical applications
Authors: Hirata Hiroshi , Watanabe Hiroyuki , Kumada Masaharu , Itoh Kouichi , Fujii Hirotada 
Published: September 2004

AbstractThis article describes a systematic approach to decoupling automatic tuning control (ATC) and automatic matching control (AMC) systems in continuous‐wave (CW) electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy for animal experiments. This technique enables us to improve the stability of CW‐EPR spectroscopy even if the animal is moving during the data acquisition of EPR spectra. The control systems are formulated to allow the behavior of interference between them to be investigated, since they are generally coupled due to the characteristics of the microwave resonator. The stability of the entire control system in a 1.1 GHz CW‐EPR spectrometer is evaluated with the generalized Nyquist stability criterion. We compare the EPR spectra of a triarylmethyl (TAM) radical that is dosed in anesthetized mice in terms of the signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) to test the precompensator for decoupling the ATC and AMC systems. The experimental findings suggest that the present technique is useful for improving the SNR of EPR spectra in animal experiments. The SNR of the measured EPR spectra was improved by about 50% with the precompensator. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dominance‐related changes in spatial memory are associated with changes in hippocampal cell proliferation rates in mountain chickadees
Authors: Pravosudov Vladimir V. , Omanska Alicja 
Published: September 2004

AbstractIt is well established that spatial memory is dependent on the hippocampus in both mammals and birds. As memory capacity can fluctuate on a temporal basis, it is important to understand the mechanisms mediating such changes. It is known that early memory‐dependent experiences in young animals result in hippocampal enlargement and in increased neurogenesis, including cell proliferation and neuron survival. It is less clear, however, whether temporal changes in spatial memory are also associated with changes in hippocampal anatomy and cell proliferation in fully grown and experienced adult animals. In a previous study, we experimentally demonstrated that socially subordinate mountain chickadees (Poecile gambeli) showed inferior spatial memory performance compared to their dominant group mates, in the absence of significant differences in baseline corticosterone levels. Here we investigated whether these differences in memory between dominant and subordinate birds were associated with changes in the hippocampus. Following memory tests, chickadees were injected with 5‐bromo‐2′‐deoxyuridine to label dividing cells and sacrificed 2 days after the injections. We found no significant differences in volume or the total number of neurons in the hippocampal formation between dominant and subordinate chickadees, but subordinate birds had significantly lower cell proliferation rates in the ventricular zone adjacent to both the hippocampus and mesopallium compared to the dominants. Individuals, which performed better on spatial memory tests tended to have higher levels of cell proliferation. These results suggest that social status can affect cell proliferation rates in the ventricular zone and support the hypothesis that neurogenesis might be involved in memory function in adult animals. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Neurobiol, 2005
Early social environment interferes with the development of NADPH–diaphorase‐reactive neurons in the rodent orbital prefrontal cortex
Authors: Poeggel G. , Nowicki L. , Braun K. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractThe influence of early parental deprivation on the development of NADPH–diaphorase–(NO‐synthase) reactive neuron numbers in subregions of the orbital prefrontal cortex (ventrolateral orbital, lateral orbital, and agranular insular cortex) was quantitatively investigated in the precocious lagomorph Octodon degus. Forty‐five‐day‐old degus from three groups were compared: (1) repeated parental separation: degus that were repeatedly separated from their parents during the first three postnatal weeks and thereafter raised in undisturbed social conditions; (2) chronic isolation: degus that were raised under undisturbed social conditions until postnatal day 21, and then were reared in chronic social isolation; and (3) control: degus that were reared undisturbed in their families. Compared to the control animals the ventrolateral orbital prefrontal cortex and agranular insular cortex of the two deprived groups displayed significantly decreased density of NADPH–diaphorase‐reactive neurons (down to 62% in the ventrolateral orbital prefrontal cortex of males, 70% in the agranular insular cortex, and in the lateral orbital prefrontal cortex 80% in both genders). These results confirm that early changes of social environment interferes with the development of limbic circuits, which might determine normal or pathological behaviors in later life. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Neurobiol, 2005
Developmentally regulated expression of c‐Fos and c‐Jun in the brainstem auditory nuclei of Gallus domesticus is modified by prenatal auditory enrichment
Authors: Alladi Phalguni Anand , Roy Tarashankar , Singh Neeta , Wadhwa Shashi 
Published: September 2004

AbstractRecognition of mother's voice by human neonates and behavioral responses of birds and animals to sounds experienced prenatally emphasize the role of sensory inputs in auditory system development. Spontaneous and experience driven neural activity influence the neural circuits' refinement in developing brain. However, cellular mechanisms endowing plasticity for such structural refinement during critical developmental periods are less understood. Sensory stimulation induces fluctuating expression of transcription factors (TFs) of Fos, Jun, and Krox families in the related brain nuclei to activate genes to synthesize proteins such as those needed for cytoskeletal structures, ion channels, and regeneration. To understand the cellular mechanism of response to prenatal auditory stimulation, we studied the expression of c‐Fos and c‐Jun in brainstem auditory nuclei, nucleus magnocellularis, and nucleus laminaris of the domestic chick. The chick brainstems, five each of E8 (embryonic day 8), E12, E16, E20, and posthatch day 1 were processed for immunohistochemistry as well as Western blotting and quantified using image analysis systems. In controls, c‐Fos and c‐Jun expression in both the nuclei was developmentally up‐regulated. Reduced c‐Fos expression and increase in c‐Jun was temporarily observed between E12–16. In the stimulated groups, c‐Fos expression was elevated while c‐Jun showed a reduction matched to controls. This diametrically opposing pattern of c‐Fos and c‐Jun expression in response to stimulation is indicative of cell survival. Thus the expression of TFs in the auditory nuclei shows a relationship beyond a simple stimulation‐activity‐expression. While developmental signals control the expression of TFs, extra sensory stimulation modulates their expression to possibly support neuronal survival and enhance synthesis of other proteins. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Neurobiol, 2005
Understanding the signaling and transmission of visceral nociceptive events
Authors: Cervero Fernando , Laird Jennifer M.A. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractVisceral pain can be considered as part of the defense reactions of the body against harmful stimuli, particularly of those that impinge on the mucosal lining of hollow organs. It is a problem of considerable clinical relevance, and its neurobiological mechanisms differ from those of somatic nociceptive or neuropathic pain. Much progress had been made in recent years in the understanding of the functional properties of the visceral nociceptors that trigger pain states, their molecular mechanisms of activation and sensitization and on their central actions. Some molecular targets have been identified as key players in the activation and sensitization of visceral nociceptors, notably ASICs, TTX‐resistant Na channels and the TRPV1 receptor. Some nonneural elements of visceral organs, such as the urothelium have been shown to play active roles in the transduction of visceral sensory events by mechanisms involving ATP release by the urothelial cells. Certain well‐known neurotransmitters, such as the tachykinin family of neuropeptides, likely play an important role in the peripheral and central activation of visceral nociceptive afferents and in the generation of visceral hyperalgesia. This article reviews current evidence on the mechanisms of activation and sensitization of visceral nociceptive afferents and on their role in the triggering and maintenance of clinically relevant visceral pain states. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Neurobiol 61: 45–54, 2004
Plasticity of pain signaling: Role of neurotrophic factors exemplified by acid‐induced pain
Authors: McMahon Stephen B. , Jones Nicholas G. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractAcute noxious stimuli activate a specialized neuronal detection system that generates sensations of pain and, generally, adaptive behavioral responses. More persistent noxious stimuli notably those associated with some chronic injuries and disease states not only activate the pain‐signaling system but also dramatically alter its properties so that weak stimuli produce pain. These hyperalgesic states arise from at least two distinct broad classes of mechanisms. These are peripheral and central sensitization associated with increased responsiveness of peripheral nociceptor terminals and dorsal horn neurons, respectively. Here we review the key features of these sensitized states and discuss the role of one neurotrophic factor, nerve growth factor, as a peripheral mediator of sensitization and of another factor, brain‐derived neurotrophic factor, as a mediator of central sensitization. We use as a specific example the pain induced by acid stimuli. We review the neurobiology of such pain states, and discuss how acid stimuli both initiate sensitization and how the neuronal processing of acid stimuli is subject to sensitization. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Neurobiol 61: 72–87, 2004
A C1 finite element for flexural and torsional analysis of rectangular piezoelectric laminated/sandwich composite beams
Authors: Ganapathi M. , Patel B. P. , Touratier M. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractThis work deals with the development of a new C1 finite element for analysing the bending and torsional behaviour of rectangular piezoelectric laminated/sandwich composite beams. The formulation includes transverse shear, warping due to torsion, and elastic–electric coupling effects. It also accounts for the inter‐layer continuity condition at the interfaces between layers, and the boundary conditions at the upper and lower surfaces of the beam. The shear strain is represented by a cosine function of a higher order in nature and thus avoiding shear correction factors. The warping function obtained from a three‐dimensional elasticity solution is incorporated in the present model. An exact integration is employed in evaluating various energy terms due to the application of field consistency approach while interpolating the transverse shear and torsional strains. The variation of the electric potential through the thickness is taken care of in the formulation based on the observation of three‐dimensional solution. The performance of the laminated piezoelectric element is tested comparing with analytical results as well as with the reference solutions evaluated using three‐dimensional finite element procedure. A detailed study is conducted to highlight the influence of length‐to‐thickness ratio on the displacements, stresses and electric potential field of piezoelectric laminated beam structures subjected to flexural and torsional loadings. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Arbitrary discontinuities in space–time finite elements by level sets and X‐FEM
Authors: Chessa Jack , Belytschko Ted 
Published: September 2004

AbstractAn enriched finite element method with arbitrary discontinuities in space–time is presented. The discontinuities are treated by the extended finite element method (X‐FEM), which uses a local partition of unity enrichment to introduce discontinuities along a moving hyper‐surface which is described by level sets. A space–time weak form for conservation laws is developed where the Rankine–Hugoniot jump conditions are natural conditions of the weak form. The method is illustrated in the solution of first order hyperbolic equations and applied to linear first order wave and non‐linear Burgers' equations. By capturing the discontinuity in time as well as space, results are improved over capturing the discontinuity in space alone and the method is remarkably accurate. Implications to standard semi‐discretization X‐FEM formulations are also discussed. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Joining forces, fortunes, and futures: Restructuring and adaptation in nonprofit hospice organizations
Authors: Pietroburgo Julie , Wernet Stephen P. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractNonprofit organizations operate in tumultuous times characterized by constrained funding, increased competition, and greater demand for social services. Existing bases of intangible and tangible assets often are insufficient to fulfill service missions. These organizations appear to be responding by joining forces and restructuring to better accommodate diminished resources. Relatively little is known about the reorganization strategies being employed.The study described in this chapter examined the phenomenon of organizational restructuring among nonprofit hospice organizations. In particular, it identified the factors that propel nonprofits to pursue restructuring as a strategic solution, the elements that impede such restructuring efforts, and how organizations that pursue and implement restructuring differ from those that do not. The study found that an organization's relative placement along a continuum of political and economic strength is determinative in the outcome of its restructuring efforts. Those that take affirmative steps operate from a position of economic strength and exhibit independence in governance and decision making; those that do not are impeded by internal political factors.
Efficacy of an in‐home nursing intervention following short‐stay breast cancer surgery
Authors: Wyatt Gwen K. , Donze Laurie Friedman , Beckrow Kathryn Christensen 
Published: September 2004

AbstractThis randomized controlled trial (n = 240) was designed to test the efficacy of a sub‐acute home nursing intervention following short‐stay surgery for breast cancer. Intervention participants received the in‐home nursing protocol, whereas non‐intervention participants received agency nursing care or no nursing care. Data, collected via questionnaire, telephone interview, and chart audit, included surgical recovery/self‐care knowledge, functional status, anxiety, quality of life (QOL), and health service utilization. There were no significant group differences on postoperative functional status, anxiety, QOL, further surgeries, or complications. Intervention participants were more likely to receive instruction on surgical self‐care (p ≤ .001) and report improved social/family QOL (p ≤ .05), with fewer home visits (p ≤ .001). These findings suggest that a targeted nursing protocol may, at reasonable cost, improve QOL and enhance health‐related knowledge. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Res Nurs Health 27:322–331, 2004
Helping at the bedside: Spouses' preferences for helping critically ill patients
Authors: Eldredge Deborah 
Published: September 2004

AbstractSpouses of patients in intensive care units (ICU) need to be close and helpful to ill partners. According to adult attachment theory, emotional responses may be related to preferences for closeness and helpfulness, and according to control theory optimism also may influence spouses' emotional responses. Spouses' goals and helping behaviors were assessed in 88 spouses of ICU patients. Using a repeated‐measures design, the relationships of closeness, helpfulness, and optimism to emotional outcomes were assessed. Preferences for closeness and helpfulness were strongly related, and together with optimism, predicted spouses' mood at some point of the illness trajectory. Spouses who were over‐involved with partners' care requirements were at greater risk for emotional distress. Results suggest that closeness and helpfulness are integrated concepts, and that attachment dimensions of a relationship and optimism are useful for understanding spouses' emotional responses to critical illness. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Res Nurs Health 27:307–321, 2004
A sixteenth‐century warrior grave from Uppsala, Sweden: the Battle of Good Friday
Authors: Kjellström A. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractLittle is known about the Battle of Good Friday in Uppsala. The historical records are scarce and of limited extent. Moreover, the more spectacular event of the Stockholm Bloodbath has drawn most of the attention from both the contemporary public and later historians. This is why the discovery of a mass grave in the steep slope of Uppsala Castle in 2001 has provoked much interest. An analysis of the osseous material showed that the remains of at least 60 male individuals, mostly between 25–34 years of age, were buried in the excavated area. The demographic profile is largely similar to other European war‐related skeletal assemblages of the same era. Sharp force trauma was exhibited primarily on the skulls, with no obvious dominance to either side. The trauma distribution pattern suggests that the battle was not fought face‐to‐face. Blade wounds concentrated in specific regions imply a standardised technique when delivering the blows. The combination of commingled bones and articulated elements suggests that the individuals were in different stages of skeletonisation when buried. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identification of historical human skeletal remains: a case study using skeletal and dental age, history and DNA
Authors: Katzenberg M. A. , Oetelaar G. , Oetelaar J. , Fitzgerald C. , Yang D. , Saunders S. R. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractExcavation of an early historical (circa 1900) church cemetery in Cochrane, Alberta, Canada, revealed the graves of six individuals. All but one had been previously excavated and the individuals were re‐interred elsewhere. The remaining grave contained a coffin burial of an infant including most of the skeleton, crowns of forming deciduous teeth, scalp and hair. The remains were excavated and historical research was carried out to determine possible families who had used the cemetery. Skeletal and dental age estimates pointed to a particular individual described in historical records. This identification was confirmed through more precise ageing by dental microstructure, sex determination using DNA, and finally, maternal relatedness by comparison of mtDNA with a living female relative. In addition to describing the analytical methods used, this paper demonstrates the importance of accurately identifying historical burials, particularly when living relatives remain in the community. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prenatal diagnosis and characterization of an analphoid marker chromosome 16
Authors: Tabet A. C. , Gosset P. , Elghezal H. , Fontaine S. , Martinovic J. , Encha Razavi F. , Romana S. , Vekemans M. , Morichon‐Delvallez N. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractWe report on a fetus with intrauterine growth retardation and multiple malformations diagnosed on ultrasound at 32 weeks. Examination of amniotic fluid cells in culture showed a 47,XY, i(16)(q10), +mar karyotype. Chromosome analysis of both parents was normal. Using spectral karyotyping, we identified the marker chromosome as a mitotically stable acentric marker chromosome derived from chromosome 16. Further studies using subtelomeric fluorescent probes confirmed the presence of an isochromosome for the long arm of chromosome 16 and showed that the acentric marker chromosome derived from the short arm of chromosome 16 leading to a trisomy for the long arm of chromosome 16. After genetic counseling, the parents decided to terminate the pregnancy. Fetal autopsy showed a male fetus with ambiguous external genitalia, cardiac malformation, megacystis and limbs anomalies as observed in other cases of trisomy for the long arm of chromosome 16. In addition, fetal brain examination showed vermian and olfactory bulb hypoplasia. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.