bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanistic insights into iron–sulfur clusters and flavin oxidation of a novel xanthine oxidoreductase from Sulfobacillus acidophilusTPY
Authors: Pimviriyakul Panu , Sucharitakul Jeerus , Maenpuen Somchart 
Published: October 2023

Xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) catalyzes the oxidation of purines (hypoxanthine and xanthine) to uric acid. XOR is widely used in various therapeutic and biotechnological applications. In this study, we characterized the biophysical and mechanistic properties of a novel bacterial XOR from Sulfobacillus acidophilus TPY (SaXOR). Our results showed that SaXOR is a heterotrimer consisting of three subunits, namely XoA, XoB, and XoC, which denote the molybdenum cofactor (Moco), 2Fe‐2S, and FAD‐binding domains, respectively. XoC was found to be stable when co‐expressed with XoB, forming an XoBC complex. Furthermore, we prepared a fusion of XoB and XoC via a flexible linker (fusXoBC) and evaluated its function in comparison to that of XoBC. Spectroscopic analysis revealed that XoB harbors two 2Fe‐2S clusters, whereas XoC bears a single‐bound FAD cofactor. Electron transfer from reduced forms of XoC, XoBC, and fusXoBC to molecular oxygen (O2) during oxidative half‐reaction yielded no flavin semiquinones, implying ultrafast single‐electron transfer from 2Fe‐2Sred to FAD. In the presence of XoA, XoBC and fusXoBC exhibited comparable XoA affinity and exploited a shared overall mechanism. Nonetheless, the linkage may accelerate the two‐step, single‐electron transfer cascade from 2Fe‐2Sred to FAD while augmenting protein stability. Collectively, our findings provide novel insights into SaXOR properties and oxidation mechanisms divergent from prior mammalian and bacterial XOR paradigms.
New ways for (in)validating the forest carbon neutrality hypothesis
Authors: McGrath Matthew Joseph , Schulte‐Frohlinde Augustine , Luyssaert Sebastiaan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractOver 50 years ago, Eugene Odum postulated that mature or climax forests reside in carbon neutrality. As climate change rose to prominence in the international environmental agenda, the neutrality hypothesis transformed from an ecological principle to a justification for using forest management in combating climate change. Despite persistent efforts, Odum's neutrality hypothesis has resisted both confirmation and refutation. In this opinion we show the limitations of past efforts to (in)validate Odum's neutrality hypothesis and propose new research directions for the community to permit a more general confirmation or refutation with current and near‐future observations. We then demonstrate such an approach by using metabolic theory to formulate testable predictions for the total sink strength considering soil, litter, and biomass of mature or climax forests based on observations of tree biomass and individual density. In doing so, we show that ecological theory can create additional relevant, testable hypotheses to provide timely support to decision‐makers seeking to address one of the world's most pressing environmental challenges.
Drought thresholds that impact vegetation reveal the divergent responses of vegetation growth to drought across China
Authors: Sun Mingze , Li Xiangyi , Xu Hao , Wang Kai , Anniwaer Nazhakaiti , Hong Songbai 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIdentifying droughts and accurately evaluating drought impacts on vegetation growth are crucial to understanding the terrestrial carbon balance across China. However, few studies have identified the critical drought thresholds that impact China's vegetation growth, leading to large uncertainty in assessing the ecological consequences of droughts. In this study, we utilize gridded surface soil moisture data and satellite‐observed normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) to assess vegetation response to droughts in China during 2001–2018. Based on the nonlinear relationship between changing drought stress and the coincident anomalies of NDVI during the growing season, we derive the spatial patterns of satellite‐based drought thresholds (T
SM) that impact vegetation growth in China via a framework for detecting drought thresholds combining the methods of feature extraction, coincidence analysis, and piecewise linear regression. The T
SM values represent percentile‐based drought threshold levels, with smaller T
SM values corresponding to more negative anomalies of soil moisture. On average, T
SM is at the 8.7th percentile and detectable in 64.4% of China's vegetated lands, with lower values in North China and Jianghan Plain and higher values in the Inner Mongolia Plateau. Furthermore, T
SM for forests is commonly lower than that for grasslands. We also find that agricultural irrigation modifies the drought thresholds for croplands in the Sichuan Basin. For future projections, Earth System Models predict that more regions in China will face an increasing risk for ecological drought, and the Hexi Corridor‐Hetao Plain and Shandong Peninsula will become hotspots of ecological drought. This study has important implications for accurately evaluating the impacts of drought on vegetation growth in China and provides a scientific reference for the effective ecomanagement of China's terrestrial ecosystems.
The march for gender equality of Algerian women: The struggle for spatial and historical recognition
Authors: Ourahmoune Nacima , Jurdi Hounaida El 
Published: October 2023

AbstractSocial and political anti‐government movements have been major headlines across the globe in recent years, with a noticeable participation of women. In the MENA region, such movements spanned Egypt, Tunisia, Algeria, and Lebanon among others. Through an ethnographic inquiry into the Algerian pro‐democracy movement Hirak (2019–2021), we delve into women's experiences of the Hirak to show how women remain marginalized politically, economically, and socially despite their heavy and praised participation. Using a recognition theory lens, we unveil dialectics of unity and division in the struggle for recognition among women in Algeria, a post‐colonial context charged with conflicting ideological stances. We detect two structural dimensions of the struggle, a spatial/physical dimension and a historical/temporal dimension that help surface different gender positionalities and their dynamics as they vie for recognition. We stress the importance of not homogenizing women's political struggles, especially in the Global South.
Indonesian women leaders navigating hegemonic femininity: A Gramscian lens
Authors: Oktaviani Fitri Hariana 
Published: October 2023

AbstractHegemonic femininity is a concept beginning to receive scholarly attention, and this paper illustrates how it has become a critical factor hindering women's leadership opportunities in Indonesia. This study aims to understand how women leaders adopt, modify, or reject forms of hegemonic femininity that interpellate their constructions of subjectivity. This paper employs a discourse analysis of interview texts with 36 women in leadership positions in a Muslim‐majority country, Indonesia. The finding shows how participants navigate hegemonic femininity by constructing their version of feminine subjectivity to negotiate their gender‐leadership roles in several ways. This paper expands the critical discursive understanding of women's leadership by (1) theorizing how hegemonic femininity challenges the acceptance of women's leadership and (2) delineating the way construction of femininity affects the way women do leadership.
Plasma‐derived human factor X concentrate for the treatment of patients with hereditary factor X deficiency
Authors: Escobar Miguel A. , Kavakli Kaan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIntroductionHereditary factor X (FX) deficiency (HFXD) is an autosomal recessive rare bleeding disorder that leads to defects in the FX protein. Depending on the degree of deficiency, patients may be at risk of life‐threatening bleeding episodes. Historical treatments for FX deficiency include prothrombin complex concentrates, which can increase the risk of thrombosis, and fresh frozen plasma, which can cause volume overload and transfusion reactions. Plasma‐derived FX (pdFX), a single‐factor, high‐purity, high‐potency human FX treatment, was approved in 2015 in the United States and in 2016 in Europe for on‐demand treatment and prophylaxis of bleeding episodes and perioperative management of patients with HFXD.MethodsFive studies that examined the use of pdFX in patients with mild (plasma FX activity [FX:C] ≥5 IU/dL), moderate (FX:C ≥1 and <5 IU/dL), or severe (FX:C < 1 IU/dL) HFXD were reviewed: TEN01, TEN02 and TEN03 were prospective, open‐label, multicentre, nonrandomised studies, and TEN05 and TEN06 were multicentre retrospective studies.ResultsWhen used as an on‐demand treatment, pdFX was judged by investigators to be successful in treating 41/42 (97.6%), 2/3 (66.6%) and 79/79 (100%) bleeds in TEN01, TEN02 and TEN05, respectively. When used prophylactically, pdFX was judged ‘excellent’ for the prevention of bleeds in nine (100%) and eight (100%) patients in TEN02 and TEN05, respectively. Perioperative treatment and pharmacokinetics were also assessed. pdFX was safe and well tolerated.ConclusionsTogether, these studies support the use of pdFX for on‐demand treatment of bleeding, routine prophylaxis, and perioperative management of bleeding in patients with HFXD.
When Harry met Meghan (got married, had a baby, and “Megxited”): Intergroup anxiety, ingroup norms, and racialized categorization as predictors of receptivity to interracial romances
Authors: Paterson Jenny L. , Hodson Gordon , Turner Rhiannon N. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractDespite being frequently met with disapproval, interracial romantic relationships have the potential to transform intergroup relations through marriage and children. However, relatively little is known about the receptivity to these important intergroup relationships. Capitalizing on three historical events involving a world‐famous interracial couple, Prince Harry and Meghan, we expand the intergroup relations literature by longitudinally and cross‐sectionally examining White Briton's perceptions and receptivity to interracial romances. Study 1 (N = 585) showed that intergroup anxiety around the couple's wedding was longitudinally associated with less receptivity to interracial dating and less favorable intergroup attitudes a month later, even when controlling for strong autoregressive paths. Study 2 (N = 402), conducted around the birth of the couple's son (Archie), found that intergroup anxiety (negatively) and favorable ingroup norms (positively) were longitudinally associated with receptivity to intergroup romances and favorable intergroup attitudes a month later in statistically conservative tests. Study 3 (N = 507), conducted at the time of the so‐called “Megxit,” cross‐sectionally found that media exposure to Meghan was positively associated with favorable ingroup norms which was, again, related to positive intergroup outcomes. However, these associations were suppressed by the perception that Meghan had tainted the Royal Family which was, in turn, negatively associated with the intergroup outcomes. Moderation analyses across the studies revealed these associations were often stronger for those who categorized the biracial Royals as more Black (vs. White). Together, the novel research highlights the often‐complex perceptions and longitudinal predictors of interracial romances and does so in historic social contexts.
Genomic background of biotypes related to growth, carcass and meat quality traits in Duroc pigs based on principal component analysis
Authors: Green Hannah E. , Oliveira Hinayah Rojas de , Alvarenga Amanda Botelho , Scramlin‐Zuelly Stacy , Grossi Daniela , Schinckel Allan P. , Brito Luiz F. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAs the swine industry continues to explore pork quality traits alongside growth, feed efficiency and carcass leanness traits, it becomes imperative to understand their underlying genetic relationships. Due to this increase in the number of desirable traits, animal breeders must also consider methods to efficiently perform direct genetic changes for each trait and evaluate alternative selection indexes with different sets of phenotypic measurements. Principal component analysis (PCA) and genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) can be combined to understand the genetic architecture and biological mechanisms by defining biological types (biotypes) that relate these valuable traits. Therefore, the main objectives of this study were to: (1) estimate genomic‐based genetic parameters; (2) define animal biotypes utilizing PCA; and (3) utilize GWAS to link the biotypes to candidate genes and quantitative trait loci (QTL). The phenotypic dataset included 2583 phenotypic records from female Duroc pigs from a terminal sire line. The pedigree file contained 193,764 animals and the genotype file included 21,309 animals with 35,651 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Eight principal components (PCs), accounting for a total of 99.7% of the population variation, were defined for three growth, eight conventional carcass, 10 pork quality and 18 novel carcass traits. The eight biotypes defined from the PCs were found to be related to growth rate, maturity, meat quality and body structure, which were then related to candidate genes. Of the 175 candidate genes found, six of them [LDHA (SSC1), PIK3C3 (SSC6), PRKAG3 (SSC15), VRTN (SSC7), DLST (SSC7) and PAPPA (SSC1)] related to four PCs were found to be associated with previously defined QTL, linking the biotypes with biological processes involved with muscle growth, fat deposition, glycogen levels and skeletal development. Further functional analyses helped to make connections between biotypes, relating them through common KEGG pathways and gene ontology (GO) terms. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the genetic relationships between growth, carcass and meat quality traits in Duroc pigs, enabling breeders to better understand the biological mechanisms underlying the phenotypic expression of these traits.
Sorafenib plus triplet therapy with venetoclax, azacitidine and homoharringtonine for refractory/relapsed acute myeloid leukemia with FLT3‐ITD: A multicenter phase 2 study
Authors: Yu Sijian , Zhang Yu , Yu Guopan , Wang Yu , Shao Ruoyang , Du Xin , Xu Na , Lin Dongjun , Zhao Weihua , Zhang Xiong , Xiao Jie , Sun Zhiqiang , Deng Lan , Liang Xinquan , Zhang Hongyu , Guo Ziwen , Dai Min , Shi Pengcheng , Huang Fen , Fan Zhiping , Liu Qiong , Lin Ren , Jiang Xuejie , Xuan Li , Liu Qifa , Jin Hua 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundPatients with relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukemia (R/R AML) and FLT3‐internal tandem duplication (FLT3‐ITD) respond infrequently to salvage chemotherapy.ObjectiveTo investigate the efficacy of sorafenib plus triplet therapy with venetoclax, azacitidine, and homoharringtonine (VAH) as a salvage therapy in this population.MethodsThis multicenter, single‐arm, phase 2 study was conducted at 12 hospitals across China. Eligible patients had R/R AML with FLT3‐ITD (aged 18–65 years) who were treated with VAH. The primary endpoint was composite complete remission (CRc) after two cycles. Secondary outcomes included the overall response rate (ORR), safety, and survival.ResultsBetween July 9, 2020, and March 19, 2022, 58 patients were assessed for eligibility, 51 of whom were enrolled. The median patient age was 47 years (interquartile range [IQR] 31–57). CRc was 76.5% with ORR of 82.4%. At a median follow‐up of 17.7 months (IQR, 8.7–24.7), the median duration of CRc was not reached (NR), overall survival was 18.1 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 11.8‐NR) and event‐free survival was 11.4 months (95% CI, 5.6‐NR). Grade 3 or 4 adverse events occurring in ≥10% of patients included neutropenia in 47 (92.2%), thrombocytopenia in 41 (80.4%), anemia in 35 (68.6%), febrile neutropenia in 29 (56.9%), pneumonia in 13 (25.5%), and sepsis in 6 (11.8%) patients. Treatment‐related death occurred in two (3.9%) patients.ConclusionsThe sorafenib plus VAH regimen was well tolerated and highly active against R/R AML with FLT3‐ITD. This regimen may be a suitable therapeutic option for this population, but larger population trials are needed to be explored.Trial registrationClinical Trials Registry: NCT04424147
Use of suction electrodes for measurement of intrinsic tongue muscular endurance during lingual pressure generation
Authors: Ita Reiko , Magara Jin , Ochiai Yuto , Tsujimura Takanori , Inoue Makoto 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundLingual pressure (LP) generation is cooperatively controlled not only by the intrinsic tongue (I‐ton) muscles but also by hyoid muscle activation. However, the measurement of endurance and fatigue properties of I‐ton muscles is difficult due to the instability of electrodes.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to apply suction electrodes to measure electromyograms (EMGs) of I‐ton muscle and to evaluate integrated EMG amplitude (iEMG) and mean power frequency (MPF) of EMG in the I‐ton and hyoid muscles performing continuous LP.MethodsTwenty healthy adult volunteers (10 males, 10 females, mean age 28.8 years) were instructed to perform 10‐s LP generation tasks at 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% of maximum LP in randomised order with visual feedback. During each task, EMGs of the I‐ton, suprahyoid (S‐hyo), infrahyoid (I‐hyo) and masseter (Mass) muscles were simultaneously recorded. The iEMG and MPF of EMG burst during 10‐s LP tasks were compared. The recording period was divided into three substages to analyse temporal changes with the Friedman test.ResultsDuring the 10‐s task, the iEMG significantly increased as the LP strength increased (p < .001). There was no time‐dependent change in the I‐ton iEMG; however, the MPF of the I‐ton EMG burst decreased in all tasks (p < .05). The S‐hyo and I‐hyo iEMGs gradually increased, especially with strong LP (p < .01).ConclusionWhile I‐ton muscles may easily fatigue during 10‐s LP generation, S‐hyo and I‐hyo muscles may help compensate for the weakened I‐ton muscle activity by increasing their activity to maintain LP.
Gender influences on caring, dignity and well‐being in older person care: A systematic literature review and thematic synthesis
Authors: Xiarchi Lamprini M. , Nässén Kristina , Palmér Lina , Cowdell Fiona , Lindberg Elisabeth 
Published: October 2023

AbstractGlobally, healthcare has become dominated by women nurses. Gender is also known to impact the way people are cared for in various healthcare systems. Considering gender from the perspective of how lived bodies are positioned through the structural relations of institutions and processes, this systematic review aims to explore the meaning of gender in the caring relationship between the nurse and the older person through a synthesis of available empirical data published from 1993 to 2022. CINAHL, PUBMED, EMBASE and Web of Science were searched from the beginning of each database's temporal range, and PRISMA guidelines were used for the screening, reviewing and selection processes of available records. A thematic synthesis of the available data resulted in three analytical themes: (i)vulnerability of the gendered body, (ii)norms and values related to gender and sexualityand (iii)balancing closeness and distance in the nurse‐patient relationship. These themes are intertwined and represent different aspects of gender meaning in the nurse–patient relationship. This research shows that gender, through its influence on the gendered body, its relationship with power dynamics in the caring process, and its intersection with dimensions of identity, has a significant meaning for the experienced vulnerability in the nurse–patient relationship. This has implications for the well‐being and sense of dignity of the older person as well as the nurse.
The analysis of Puccinia triticina field populations in Canada between 2018 and 2020 using restriction site‐associated DNA genotyping‐by‐sequencing
Authors: Wang Xiben , Reimer Elisa , Bakkeren Guus , McNabb Winnie , McCallum Brent 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPuccinia triticina, the causal agent of wheat leaf rust, is a dynamic pathogen causing significant yield losses worldwide. In this study, we analysed the virulence and genetic structure of 98 P. triticina isolates collected in Canada between 2018 and 2020. Isolates from Manitoba and Saskatchewan were found to be highly related for virulence, as were isolates from Quebec and Ontario. Isolates from Alberta had a virulence profile more similar to those from Manitoba and Saskatchewan than to Ontario and Quebec. To study the genetic structure of P. triticina populations, we used the restriction site‐associated DNA (RAD) genotyping‐by‐sequencing method to identify single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). The Puccinia DNA sequences were aligned against the reference genome of P. triticina race BBBD and 1898 SNPs were identified. The phylogenetic analysis using SNP markers grouped these P. triticina into three genetic clades. The separation of P. triticina into three genetic clades was also supported by principal component analysis. Isolates from Clade 1 and Clade 2 were found throughout Canada, whereas Clade 3 isolates were only found in Ontario and Quebec. There were differences in virulence profiles among P. triticina isolates from the three genetic clades and a general correlation between virulence phenotypes and SNP genotypes was observed. These results indicate that the SNPs derived from RAD genotyping‐by‐sequencing could be useful in tracking the genetic and virulence dynamics of this pathogen in Canadian wheat.
Corporate income taxation and multinational production
Authors: Shen Yang 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThrough the lens of a quantitative general equilibrium model of international trade and multinational production, this paper studies corporate tax competition and cooperation among asymmetric countries. The model theoretically supports the empirical regularities that corporate income taxation influences multinational firms' location and production decisions. Calibrating the model to three asymmetric countries for a hypothetical tax competition, I find that race to the bottom occurs in the Nash equilibrium. Furthermore, counterfactual analysis of the global minimum corporate tax shows welfare reduction compared to the equilibrium of tax competition but welfare improvement compared to the current tax regime.
Impact of Installation on the Performance of an Aero-Engine Exhaust at Wind-Milling Flow Conditions
Authors: Goulos Ioannis , MacManus David , Rebassa Josep Hueso , Tejero Fernando , Au Andy , Sheaf Christopher 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This paper presents a numerical investigation of the effect of wing integration on the aerodynamic behavior of a typical large civil aero-engine exhaust system at wind-milling flow conditions. The work is based on the dual stream jet propulsion (DSJP) test rig, as will be tested within the transonic wind tunnel (TWT) located at the aircraft research association (ARA) in the UK. The DSJP rig was designed to measure the impact of the installed pressure field due to the effect of the wing on the aerodynamic performance of separate-jet exhausts. The rig is equipped with the dual separate flow reference nozzle (DSFRN), installed under a swept wing. Computational fluid dynamic simulations were carried out for representative ranges of fan and core nozzle pressure ratios (CNPR) for “engine-out” wind-milling scenarios at end of runway (EOR) takeoff, diversion, and cruise conditions. Analyses were done for both isolated and installed configurations to quantify the impact of the installed pressure field on the fan and core nozzle discharge coefficients. The impact of fan and core nozzle pressure ratios, as well as freestream Mach number and high-lift surfaces on the installed suppression effect, was also evaluated. It is shown that the installed pressure field can reduce the fan nozzle discharge coefficient by up to 16%, relative to the isolated configuration for EOR wind-milling conditions. The results were used to inform the design and setup of the experimental activity which is planned for 2023.