bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prospects for an Active Optical Clock Based on Cavityless Lasing
Authors: Yu Deshui , Zhang Jia , Zhang Shougang , Chen Jingbiao 
Published: January 2024

AbstractActive optical clocks take advantage of the substantial suppression of cavity pulling in the bad‐cavity lasing regime and feature the simple structure and excellent portability. In the extreme case, where the cavity mirror reflection approaches zero and cannot support any quasi‐bound modes for light waves, conventional bad‐cavity lasers become the cavityless lasing and the cavity pulling vanishes. Consequently, the laser frequency is determined entirely by the atomic transition. This work is dedicated to theoretically explore the potential application of the cavityless lasing in active optical clocks. Without loss of generality, Cs atoms with well‐established quantum control techniques are employed as the gain medium that is pumped by a 459‐nm laser. The clock laser wavelength is 1470 nm. The simulation shows that the frequency stability of the clock laser with feasible physical quantities reaches at 1 s of averaging time, one order of magnitude better than the recently demonstrated compact passive optical clocks that are built upon a two‐photon transition in a hot Rb vapor and upon the modulation transfer spectroscopy of thermal Cs atoms. Such compact cavityless lasing‐based active optical clocks have the broad application prospect in satellite navigation and communications and promise an architecture for the integrated photonic metrology.
The impact of environmental policy on renewable energy innovation: A systematic literature review and research directions
Authors: Rastegar Hiva , Eweje Gabriel , Sajjad Aymen 
Published: January 2024

AbstractRenewable energy innovations are imperative to tackle the climate change crisis. However, there is a gap in the literature regarding the effectiveness of environmental policies in promoting renewable energy innovations. To bridge this gap, we have adopted a systematic literature review process covering the period from 2005 to 2023. We identified and analysed 29 articles in our final sample. Further, we employ two levels of analysis (individual‐policy and policy‐mix levels) for analysing the extant research. Our findings show that fiscal incentives and emissions trading policies such as the European Union (EU) Emissions Trading System (ETS) consistently promote renewable energy innovations. In contrast, the effectiveness of feed‐in tariffs and quotas in supporting renewable energy innovations varies, reflecting diverse impacts across distinct regions and renewable energy technologies. Our analysis also suggests that combinations of various policy types can enhance innovation more effectively than individual policies. We contribute to the extant literature by developing a classificatory analysis of the effect of environmental policies on renewable energy innovations. Our review also provides research directions for future scholarship.
Fulfilling the process promise in new venture creation research: The ethnography/accelerator approach
Authors: Dumont Guillaume 
Published: January 2024

AbstractResearch SummaryCollecting fine‐grained, longitudinal data to study new venture creation (NVC) is critical but empirically challenging given the partly invisible, collective, and highly discursive nature of NVC. This article offers the ethnography/accelerator approach as one powerful solution to this problem. This approach theorizes the implications raised by the invisible, collective, and highly discursive nature of NVC as challenges of accessibility, multivocality, and reflexivity. It provides a framework articulating these challenges with key ethnographic insights to advance data collection and theory building, before discussing five implications of this approach for NVC research and providing recommendations and points of caution.Managerial SummaryExplaining how to create, organize, and operate a new venture is critical but raises important methodological challenges. Early‐stage ventures have no operating history, the stakeholders collaborating with entrepreneurs are geographically dispersed, and entrepreneurs' stories are often examined uncritically. The ethnography/accelerator approach suggests overcoming these challenges by using business accelerators as a research setting to apply ethnographic methods and collect reliable data. It provides guidance for enabling the full‐time immersion of the researcher into this setting, allowing the collection of finely‐grained data capturing the day‐to‐day practices and interactions at the heart of new venture creation and the views of the entrepreneurs, mentors, investors, policymakers, and the like playing a pivotal role in this process.
Surface Engineering of Natural Killer Cells with CD44‐targeting Ligands for Augmented Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Kim Sungjun , Li Shujin , Jangid Ashok Kumar , Park Hee Won , Lee Dong‐Joon , Jung Han‐Sung , Kim Kyobum 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAdoptive immunotherapy utilizing natural killer (NK) cells has demonstrated remarkable efficacy in treating hematologic malignancies. However, its clinical intervention for solid tumors is hindered by the limited expression of tumor‐specific antigens. Herein, lipid‐PEG conjugated hyaluronic acid (HA) materials (HA‐PEG‐Lipid) for the simple ex‐vivo surface coating of NK cells is developed for 1) lipid‐mediated cellular membrane anchoring via hydrophobic interaction and thereby 2) sufficient presentation of the CD44 ligand (i.e., HA) onto NK cells for cancer targeting, without the need for genetic manipulation. Membrane‐engineered NK cells can selectively recognize CD44‐overexpressing cancer cells through HA‐CD44 affinity and subsequently induce in situ activation of NK cells for cancer elimination. Therefore, the surface‐engineered NK cells using HA‐PEG‐Lipid (HANK cells) establish an immune synapse with CD44‐overexpressing MIA PaCa‐2 pancreatic cancer cells, triggering the “recognition‐activation” mechanism, and ultimately eliminating cancer cells. Moreover, in mouse xenograft tumor models, administrated HANK cells demonstrate significant infiltration into solid tumors, resulting in tumor apoptosis/necrosis and effective suppression of tumor progression and metastasis, as compared to NK cells and gemcitabine. Taken together, the HA‐PEG‐Lipid biomaterials expedite the treatment of solid tumors by facilitating a sequential recognition‐activation mechanism of surface‐engineered HANK cells, suggesting a promising approach for NK cell‐mediated immunotherapy.
Laminin‐Augmented Decellularized Extracellular Matrix Ameliorating Neural Differentiation and Neuroinflammation in Human Mini‐Brains
Authors: Bae Mihyeon , Ngo Huyen , Kang You Jung , Lee Su‐Jin , Park Wonbin , Jo Yeonggwon , Choi Yoo‐mi , Kim Joeng Ju , Yi Hee‐Gyeong , Kim Hyung‐Seok , Jang Jinah , Cho Dong‐Woo , Cho Hansang 
Published: January 2024

AbstractNon‐neural extracellular matrix (ECM) has limited application in humanized physiological neural modeling due to insufficient brain‐specificity and safety concerns. Although brain‐derived ECM contains enriched neural components, certain essential components are partially lost during the decellularization process, necessitating augmentation. Here, it is demonstrated that the laminin‐augmented porcine brain‐decellularized ECM (P‐BdECM) is xenogeneic factor‐depleted as well as favorable for the regulation of human neurons, astrocytes, and microglia. P‐BdECM composition is comparable to human BdECM regarding brain‐specificity through the matrisome and gene ontology‐biological process analysis. As augmenting strategy, laminin 111 supplement promotes neural function by synergic effect with laminin 521 in P‐BdECM. Annexin A1(ANXA1) and Peroxiredoxin(PRDX) in P‐BdECM stabilized microglial and astrocytic behavior under normal while promoting active neuroinflammation in response to neuropathological factors. Further, supplementation of the brain‐specific molecule to non‐neural matrix also ameliorated glial cell inflammation as in P‐BdECM. In conclusion, P‐BdECM‐augmentation strategy can be used to recapitulate humanized pathophysiological cerebral environments for neurological study.
Mitigating Interfacial Capacity Fading in Vanadium Pentoxide by Sacrificial Vanadium Sulfide Encapsulation for Rechargeable Mg‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Mukherjee Ayan , Chakrabarty Sankalpita , Taragin Sarah , Evinstein Eliran , Bhanja Piyali , Joshi Akanksha , Aviv Hagit , Perelshtein Ilana , Mohapatra Mamata , Basu Suddhasatwa , Noked Malachi 
Published: January 2024

AbstractRechargeable Mg‐ion Batteries (RMB) containing a Mg metal anode offer the promise of higher specific volumetric capacity, energy density, safety, and economic viability than lithium‐ion battery technology, but their realization is challenging. The limited availability of suitable inorganic cathodes compatible with electrolytes relevant to Mg metal anode restricts the development of RMBs. Despite the promising capability of some oxides to reversibly intercalate Mg+2 ions at high potential, its lack of stability in chloride‐containing ethereal electrolytes, relevant to Mg metal anode hinders the realization of a full practical RMB. Here the successful in situ encapsulation of monodispersed spherical V2O5 (≈200 nm) is demonstrated by a thin layer of VS2 (≈12 nm) through a facile surface reduction route. The VS2 layer protects the surface of V2O5 particles in RMB electrolyte solution (MgCl2 + MgTFSI in DME). Both V2O5 and V2O5@VS2 particles demonstrate high initial discharge capacity. However, only the V2O5@VS2 material demonstrates superior rate performance, Coulombic efficiency (100%), and stability (138 mA h g−1 discharge capacity after 100 cycles), signifying the ability of the thin VS2 layer to protect the V2O5 cathode and facilitate the Mg+2 ion intercalation/deintercalation into V2O5.
Facile Construction of CuFe‐Based Metal Phosphides for Synergistic NOx−Reduction to NH3 and Zn‐Nitrite Batteries in Electrochemical Cell
Authors: Wang Guoqiang , Wang Chuanjun , Tian Xinxin , Li Qiang , Liu Shenjie , Zhao Xiuying , Waterhouse Geoffrey I.N. , Zhao Xin , Lv Xiaoqing , Xu Jing 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe electrocatalytic nitrite/nitrate reduction reaction (eNO2RR/eNO3RR) offer a promising route for green ammonia production. The development of low cost, highly selective and long‐lasting electrocatalysts for eNO2RR/eNO3RR is challenging. Herein, a method is presented for constructing Cu3P‐Fe2P heterostructures on iron foam (CuFe‐P/IF) that facilitates the effective conversion of NO2− and NO3− to NH3. At −0.1 and −0.2 V versus RHE (reversible hydrogen electrode), CuFe‐P/IF achieves a Faradaic efficiency (FE) for NH3 production of 98.36% for eNO2RR and 72% for eNO3RR, while also demonstrating considerable stability across numerous cycles. The superior performance of CuFe‐P/IF catalyst is due tothe rich Cu3P‐Fe2P heterstuctures. Density functional theory calculations have shed light on the distinct roles that Cu3P and Fe2P play at different stages of the eNO2RR/eNO3RR processes. Fe2P is notably active in the early stages, engaging in the capture of NO2−/NO3−, O─H formation, and N─OH scission. Conversely, Cu3P becomes more dominant in the subsequent steps, which involve the formation of N─H bonds, elimination of OH* species, and desorption of the final products. Finally, a primary Zn‐NO2− battery is assembled using CuFe‐P/IF as the cathode catalyst, which exhibits a power density of 4.34 mW cm−2 and an impressive NH3 FE of 96.59%.
Electron Delocalization and Transfer Across Polyoxometalates‐Based Subnanomaterials in Catalytic Reactions
Authors: Nie Siyang , Wang Xun 
Published: January 2024

AbstractDue to their identical building blocks and high surface‐to‐volume ratio, subnanomaterials exhibit significant properties compared to their bulk nanomaterial counterparts. The interactions between these building blocks can result in either equal or unequal sharing of electrons, leading to electron transfer in heterojunctions or electron delocalization within symmetric structures. Clusters, possessing electronic properties akin to atoms, can serve as reservoirs of electrons to stabilize crucial intermediates in catalytic reactions. This perspective provides a novel understanding of well‐defined subnanomaterials with distinct architectures, such as cluster‐based constructions and co‐assembled heterojunctions, emphasizing the relationship between electronic structures and catalytic properties. The objective is to provide novel perspectives on the realm of subnanomaterials and cluster‐based architectures.
Tube Oscillation Drives Transitory Vortices Across Microfluidic Barriers
Authors: Thurgood Peter , Hawke Adam , Low Lee Sheer , Borg Aimee , Peter Karlheinz , Baratchi Sara , Khoshmanesh Khashayar 
Published: January 2024

AbstractHere, the generation of dynamic vortices across microscale barriers using the tube oscillation mechanism is demonstrated. Using a combination of high‐speed imaging and computational flow dynamics, the cyclic formation, expansion, and collapse of vortices are studied. The dynamics of vortices across circular , triangular, and blade‐shape barriers are investigated at different tube oscillation frequencies. The formation of an array of synchronous vortices across parallel blade‐shaped barriers is demonstrated. The transient flows caused by these dynamic vortex arrays are harnessed for the rapid and efficient mixing of blood samples . A circular barrier scribed with a narrow orifice on its shoulder is used to facilitate the injection of liquid into the microfluidic channel, and its rapid mixing with the main flow through the dynamic vortices generated across the barrier. This approach facilitates the generation of vortices with desirable configurations, sizes, and dynamics in a highly controllable, programmable, and predictable manner while operating at low static flow rates.
Innovative Fabrication of Metal Alloy Structures via Laser‐Induced Forward Transfer on Flexible Substrates
Authors: Das Ankit , Ding Chien‐Fang 
Published: January 2024

AbstractLaser‐induced forward transfer is a contactless, nozzle free process which enables accurate, precise and fast development of 3D structures. However, a number of shortcomings such as shockwave generation, poor adhesion to receiver substrates and uniform depositions limit LIFT to be utilized. Therefore, this research tends to put forward easy and effective solutions for successful mitigation of the LIFT limitations. Receiver surface modifications and low‐pressure conditions are introduced through laser surface texturing (LST) and a vacuum pump. A number of textures and orientations are investigated for determining the optimal copper (Cu) deposition. Furthermore, utilization of the same laser system for LST enables the manufacturing process cost and time effective. In addition to Cu depositions, additive layers of silver (Ag) and platinum (Pt) are deposited. Finally, Ag and Pt micropillars are fabricated on their respective additive layers leading to formation of Cu‐Ag and Cu‐Pt alloys structure. Subsequently, electrical and material characterizations are made to validate for potential applications. Experimental evidence shows greater adhesion with electrical properties for LST‐based LIFT in low pressure conditions. Finally, an energy analysis is performed based on theoretical and finite element methods (FEM) to gain greater insights into mechanics of the LIFT process.
Agricultural Land-Use Systems and Management Challenges
Authors: Rötter Reimund P. , Nkomo Mandla , zu Drewer Johannes Meyer , Veste Maik 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis chapter aims at providing an overview of the diversity of agroecological conditions, features of main farming systems, agricultural land use, its dynamics and drivers during the last two decades as well as major threats in ten countries of southern Africa (SA10). Based on this, we attempt to identify the resultant challenges for sustainable land management and outline potential interventions with a focus on smallholder farmers. By analyzing cropland dynamics during 2000–2019, we show how land use has been shaped by climate, demographic development, economic imperatives and policy realities. Concrete examples of these complex interactions illustrate both considerable shrinkage in South Africa and Zimbabwe or expansion of cropland in Mozambique and Zambia. During the past 20 years, cropland increased by 37% on average across SA10 mainly at the expense of forestland—showing huge spatiotemporal heterogeneity among countries. Most smallholders face shrinking farm size and other resource limitations that have resulted in soil nutrient mining and low agricultural productivity—a highly unsustainable situation. We conclude with an outlook on potential transformation pathways (“TechnoGarden” and “AdaptiveMosaic”) for the near future and thereby provide a frame for further studies on sustainable land management options under given local settings.
Towards Digitalisation of the Charging Value Chain
Authors: Steiner Alois , Eisner Anna , Trösterer Sandra , Schruth Rainer , Hämmerle Annika 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe number of battery-powered electric vehicles in the EU is expected to increase to 30–40 million by 2030. This strong increase of electric vehicles is a major challenge for the energy system in Europe, but at the same time an opportunity to use new technologies such as smart charging or vehicle-to-grid. The EU project “XL-Connect” is investigating these new technologies, as the overall project goal is to optimise the entire charging chain—from energy provision to the end user—in order to create clear benefits for all stakeholders. This is to be achieved through the implementation of demonstration actions in combination with a digital twin of the charging chain. With the help of the digital twin, the so-called “upscaling” can be carried out to simulate the impact of large fleets of electric vehicles and their impact on the grid.
The anomalous chiral Lagrangian at order p8
Authors: Bijnens Johan , Hermansson-Truedsson Nils , Ruiz-Vidal Joan 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
We derive the order p8 Lagrangian of odd intrinsic parity for mesonic chiral perturbation theory, and provide the resulting operator basis in the supplementary material. Neglecting the non-zero singlet trace, we find 999 operators for a general number of quark flavours Nf , 705 for Nf = 3 and 92 for Nf = 2. Our numbers agree with those obtained through the Hilbert series approach in the literature. Including a singlet trace, as needed for the physical case of Nf = 2, instead yields 1210 operators for a general Nf , 892 for Nf = 3 and 211 for Nf = 2.
Praktische Anwendung von Immunhistochemie in pankreatischen neuroendokrinen Neoplasien
Authors: Bräutigam Konstantin , Chouchane Aziz , Konukiewitz Björn , Perren Aurel 
Published: January 2024

ZusammenfassungPankreatische neuroendokrine Neoplasien (PanNEN) sind eher selten. Die Morphologie hilft in der Zusammenschau mit der Immunhistochemie bei der Typisierung und weiteren Einteilung des jeweiligen Tumortyps. Je nach Tumorstadium und Differentialdiagnose variiert das diagnostische Panel. Die vorliegende Arbeit fasst die obligaten diagnostischen, prognostischen und prädiktiven Marker bei PanNEN zusammen.Marker der Wahl zum Nachweis eines neuroendokrinen Phänotyps sind Synaptophysin, Chromogranin A sowie INSM1. Die Proliferationsfraktion Ki67 ist zur Graduierung unabdingbar, während p53 und Rb1 in der Abgrenzung zum neuroendokrinen Karzinom (NEC) helfen können. Transkriptionsfaktoren, wie beispielsweise CDX2, TTF‑1, Islet‑1 geben Hinweise auf die Lokalisation eines Primarius in der Cancer-of-unknown-primary(CUP)-Situation. Die DAXX/ATRX-Immunhistochemie hat vor allem prognostischen Wert. Molekularpathologische Untersuchungen haben bisher einen geringen Stellenwert in der Diagnostik der PanNEN.Wichtiger Fallstrick in der Routinediagnostik ist das breite Spektrum an Differentialdiagnosen, welche neuroendokrine Neoplasien imitieren. Ein erweitertes immunhistochemisches Panel ist im Zweifelsfall empfohlen.
The role of serum thymidine kinase 1 activity in neoadjuvant-treated HER2-positive breast cancer: biomarker analysis from the Swedish phase II randomized PREDIX HER2 trial
Authors: Zhu Yajing , Zerdes Ioannis , Matikas Alexios , Cruz Ivette Raices , Bergqvist Mattias , Elinder Ellinor , Bosch Ana , Lindman Henrik , Einbeigi Zakaria , Andersson Anne , Carlsson Lena , Dreifaldt Ann Charlotte , Isaksson-Friman Erika , Hellstrom Mats , Johansson Hemming , Wang Kang , Bergh Jonas C. S. , Hatschek Thomas , Foukakis Theodoros 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Thymidine kinase 1 (TK1) plays a pivotal role in DNA synthesis and cellular proliferation. TK1 has been studied as a prognostic marker and as an early indicator of treatment response in human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2)-negative early and metastatic breast cancer (BC). However, the prognostic and predictive value of serial TK1 activity in HER2-positive BC remains unknown.

Methods
In the PREDIX HER2 trial, 197 HER2-positive BC patients were randomized to neoadjuvant trastuzumab, pertuzumab, and docetaxel (DPH) or trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1), followed by surgery and adjuvant epirubicin and cyclophosphamide. Serum samples were prospectively collected from all participants at multiple timepoints: at baseline, after cycle 1, 2, 4, and 6, at end of adjuvant therapy, annually for a total period of 5 years and/or at the time of recurrence. The associations of sTK1 activity with baseline characteristics, pathologic complete response (pCR), event-free survival (EFS), and disease-free survival (DFS) were evaluated.

Results
No association was detected between baseline sTK1 levels and all the baseline clinicopathologic characteristics. An increase of TK1 activity from baseline to cycle 2 was seen in all cases. sTK1 level at baseline, after 2 and 4 cycles was not associated with pCR status. After a median follow-up of 58 months, 23 patients had EFS events. There was no significant effect between baseline or cycle 2 sTK1 activity and time to event. A non-significant trend was noted among patents with residual disease (non-pCR) and high sTK1 activity at the end of treatment visit, indicating a potentially worse long-term prognosis.

Conclusion
sTK1 activity increased following neoadjuvant therapy for HER2-positive BC but was not associated with patient outcomes or treatment benefit. However, the post-surgery prognostic value in patients that have not attained pCR warrants further investigation.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02568839. Registered on 6 October 2015.
Retain strength, gain ductility: tough and transparent nanopapers by mercerisation
Authors: Mayer Florian , Prado-Roller Alexander , Mautner Andreas , Bismarck Alexander 
Published: January 2024

AbstractNanocellulose papers offer high tensile strength and modulus but suffer from drawbacks such as their brittle nature. We show that mercerisation of cellulose nanopapers in strong alkaline media for 2 min to 24 h results in the (partial) transformation of native cellulose I into the more ductile cellulose II allomorph. The strain to failure of mercerised nanopapers tripled compared to the original nanopapers while retaining their tensile strength in excess of 100 MPa at the expense of a slight drop in modulus resulting in a significant increase in toughness (total work of fracture). An additional advantage of mercerisation is a reduction in porosity of the nanopapers and increased transparency.