bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Do critical illness survivors with multimorbidity need a different model of care?
Authors: Stewart Jonathan , Bradley Judy , Smith Susan , McPeake Joanne , Walsh Timothy , Haines Kimberley , Leggett Nina , Hart Nigel , McAuley Danny 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThere is currently a lack of evidence on the optimal strategy to support patient recovery after critical illness. Previous research has largely focussed on rehabilitation interventions which aimed to address physical, psychological, and cognitive functional sequelae, the majority of which have failed to demonstrate benefit for the selected outcomes in clinical trials. It is increasingly recognised that a person’s existing health status, and in particular multimorbidity (usually defined as two or more medical conditions) and frailty, are strongly associated with their long-term outcomes after critical illness. Recent evidence indicates the existence of a distinct subgroup of critical illness survivors with multimorbidity and high healthcare utilisation, whose prior health trajectory is a better predictor of long-term outcomes than the severity of their acute illness. This review examines the complex relationships between multimorbidity and patient outcomes after critical illness, which are likely mediated by a range of factors including the number, severity, and modifiability of a person’s medical conditions, as well as related factors including treatment burden, functional status, healthcare delivery, and social support. We explore potential strategies to optimise patient recovery after critical illness in the presence of multimorbidity. A comprehensive and individualized approach is likely necessary including close coordination among healthcare providers, medication reconciliation and management, and addressing the physical, psychological, and social aspects of recovery. Providing patient-centred care that proactively identifies critical illness survivors with multimorbidity and accounts for their unique challenges and needs is likely crucial to facilitate recovery and improve outcomes.
Cotton pedigree genome reveals restriction of cultivar-driven strategy in cotton breeding
Authors: Liu Shang , Zuo Dongyun , Cheng Hailiang , He Man , Wang Qiaolian , Lv Limin , Zhang Youping , Ashraf Javaria , Liu Ji , Song Guoli 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundMany elite genes have been identified from the available cotton genomic data, providing various genetic resources for gene-driven breeding. However, backbone cultivar-driven breeding is the most widely applied strategy. Revealing the genetic basis of cultivar-driven strategy’s restriction is crucial for transition of cotton breeding strategy.ResultCRI12 is a backbone cultivar in cultivar-driven breeding. Here we sequence the pedigree of CRI12 using Nanopore long-read sequencing. We construct a graphical pedigree genome using the high-quality CRI12 genome and 13,138 structural variations within 20 different pedigree members. We find that low hereditary stability of elite segments in backbone cultivars is a drawback of cultivar-driven strategy. We also identify 623 functional segments in CRI12 for multiple agronomic traits in presence and absence variation-based genome-wide association study on three cohorts. We demonstrate that 25 deleterious segments are responsible for the geographical divergence of cotton in pathogen resistance. We also characterize an elite pathogen-resistant gene (GhKHCP) utilized in modern cotton breeding. In addition, we identify 386 pedigree fingerprint segments by comparing the segments of the CRI12 pedigree with those of a large cotton population.ConclusionWe characterize the genetic patterns of functional segments in the pedigree of CRI12 using graphical genome method, revealing restrictions of cultivar-driven strategies in cotton breeding. These findings provide theoretical support for transitioning from cultivar-driven to gene-driven strategy in cotton breeding.
Therapeutic effect of Echinococcus granulosus cyst fluid on bacterial sepsis in mice
Authors: Wang Shuying , Jiang Donghui , Huang Feifei , Qian Yayun , Qi Meitao , Li Huihui , Wang Xiaoli , Wang Zhi , Wang Kaigui , Wang Yin , Du Pengfei , Zhan Bin , Zhou Rui , Chu Liang , Yang Xiaodi 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background
The primary pathophysiological process of sepsis is to stimulate a massive release of inflammatory mediators to trigger systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), the major cause of multi-organ dysfunction and death. Like other helminths, Echinococcus granulosus induces host immunomodulation. We sought to determine whether E. granulosus cyst fluid (EgCF) displays a therapeutic effect on sepsis-induced inflammation and tissue damage in a mouse model.

Methods
The anti-inflammatory effects of EgCF were determined by in vitro culture with bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) and in vivo treatment of BALB/C mice with cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced sepsis. The macrophage phenotypes were determined by flow cytometry, and the levels of cytokines in cell supernatants or in sera of mice were measured (ELISA). The therapeutic effect of EgCF on sepsis was evaluated by observing the survival rates of mice for 72 h after CLP, and the pathological injury to the liver, kidney, and lung was measured under a microscope. The expression of TLR-2/MyD88 in tissues was measured by western blot to determine whether TLR-2/MyD88 is involved in the sepsis-induced inflammatory signaling pathway.

Results
In vitro culture with BMDMs showed that EgCF promoted macrophage polarization to M2 type and inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced M1 macrophages. EgCF treatment provided significant therapeutic effects on CLP-induced sepsis in mice, with increased survival rates and alleviation of tissue injury. The EgCF conferred therapeutic efficacy was associated with upregulated anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10 and TGF-β) and reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and INF-γ). Treatment with EgCF induced Arg-1-expressed M2, and inhibited iNOS-expressed M1 macrophages. The expression of TLR-2 and MyD88 in EgCF-treated mice was reduced.

Conclusions
The results demonstrated that EgCF confers a therapeutic effect on sepsis by inhibiting the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and inducing regulatory cytokines. The anti-inflammatory effect of EgCF is carried out possibly through inducing macrophage polarization from pro-inflammatory M1 to regulatory M2 phenotype to reduce excessive inflammation of sepsis and subsequent multi-organ damage. The role of EgCF in regulating macrophage polarization may be achieved by inhibiting the TLR2/MyD88 signaling pathway.

Graphical Abstract
Effectiveness of using humor appeal in health promotion materials: evidence from an experimental study in Japan
Authors: Suka Machi , Shimazaki Takashi 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background
Public health professionals have prepared and distributed many messages and materials to convince the public to adopt healthy behaviors or reduce risky behaviors. However, health promotion materials do not always have the desired effect due to a lack of ability to engage target audience. This study examined the effectiveness of humor appeal (i.e. using humor as an advertising technique to attract attention and increase acceptance of the message) in health promotion materials and how to use it effectively.

Methods
Total 17 printable posters with different frames (loss- vs. gain-framed) × tones (humorous vs. non-humorous) × topics (advance care planning, cancer screening, donor registry, smoking cessation, and physical activity) were created and evaluated for comprehensibility, persuasiveness, and resistance through two web-based surveys. Participants who were Japanese adults aged 25–64 years were randomly assigned one of the posters (200 people each) and asked to rate it. The overall score was calculated as the persuasiveness score (EHPM 2017;22:69) minus the resistance score (EHPM 2022;27:20).

Results
In the advance care planning case, the highest overall score was found in the gain-framed humorous poster, followed by the loss-framed humorous poster, and the non-humorous poster (p = 0.007). In the other 4 cases, the posters using humorous illustrations received a significantly lower scores than the non-humorous poster(s).

Conclusion
The use of humor appeal can help improve the acceptability and persuasiveness of the message when dealing with a little-known resistance-prone health topic. Humor appeal will provide an effective hook to direct public attention to what they do not know or care about in public health communication.
Comparison of different internal fixation models in ankle arthrodesis using 3D finite-element analysis
Authors: Feng Bo , Gao Qing-bo , Dai Guang-ming , Niu Ke-cheng , Jiang Wei , Wang Zhen-yu , Zheng Hao-yan 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background
The purpose of this study is to use three-dimensional finite-element analysis to better understand the biomechanical features of various internal fixators for ankle arthrodesis.

Methods
We used finite-element analysis to compare four different types of internal fixations in ankle arthrodesis: Group A had three crossed screws (Ø6.5 mm); Group B had two crossed screws (Ø6.5 mm) and an anterior plate (Ø2.7 mm); Group C only had an anterior anatomical plate (Ø3.5 mm); Group D had one anterior anatomical plate (Ø3.5 mm) and one posterior–lateral screw (Ø6.5 mm). We adopted Ansys 21.0 software to analyze and compare the four types in terms of the displacement of the arthrodesis surface and the stress peak and stress distribution of these models under intorsion, extorsion, dorsiflexion torque, and neutral vertical load.

Results
① Displacement of the arthrodesis surface: In Group A, the maximum displacement was larger than Group D under neutral vertical load and dorsiflexion torque but less than it under intorsion and extorsion torque. In Group B, the maximum displacement against dorsiflexion, neutral vertical load, intorsion, and extorsion was less than that in the other three fixation models. In Group C, the maximum displacement against the above four loading patterns were significantly higher than that in another three fixation models. ② Stress peak and stress distribution: based on the stress distribution of the four models, the peak von Mises stress was concentrated in the central sections of the compression screws, plate joints, and bending parts of the plates.

Conclusions
The fixation model consisting of two crossed screws and an anterior outperformed the other three fixation models in terms of biomedical advantages; thus, this model can be deemed a safe and reliable internal fixation approach for ankle arthrodesis.
Whole mitogenome sequencing uncovers a relation between mitochondrial heteroplasmy and leprosy severity
Authors: de Souza Felipe Gouvea , da Silva Moisés Batista , de Araújo Gilderlanio S. , Silva Caio S. , Pinheiro Andrey Henrique Gama , Cáceres-Durán Miguel Ángel , Santana-da-Silva Mayara Natália , Pinto Pablo , Gobbo Angélica Rita , da Costa Patrícia Fagundes , Salgado Claudio Guedes , Ribeiro-dos-Santos Ândrea , Cavalcante Giovanna C. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background
In recent years, the mitochondria/immune system interaction has been proposed, so that variants of mitochondrial genome and levels of heteroplasmy might deregulate important metabolic processes in fighting infections, such as leprosy.

Methods
We sequenced the whole mitochondrial genome to investigate variants and heteroplasmy levels, considering patients with different clinical forms of leprosy and household contacts. After sequencing, a specific pipeline was used for preparation and bioinformatics analysis to select heteroplasmic variants.

Results
We found 116 variants in at least two of the subtypes of the case group (Borderline Tuberculoid, Borderline Lepromatous, Lepromatous), suggesting a possible clinical significance to these variants. Notably, 15 variants were exclusively found in these three clinical forms, of which five variants stand out for being missense (m.3791T > C in MT-ND1, m.5317C > A in MT-ND2, m.8545G > A in MT-ATP8, m.9044T > C in MT-ATP6 and m.15837T > C in MT-CYB). In addition, we found 26 variants shared only by leprosy poles, of which two are characterized as missense (m.4248T > C in MT-ND1 and m.8027G > A in MT-CO2).

Conclusion
We found a significant number of variants and heteroplasmy levels in the leprosy patients from our cohort, as well as six genes that may influence leprosy susceptibility, suggesting for the first time that the mitogenome might be involved with the leprosy process, distinction of clinical forms and severity. Thus, future studies are needed to help understand the genetic consequences of these variants.
Predicting the difficulty of EFL reading comprehension tests based on linguistic indices
Authors: Rafatbakhsh Elaheh , Ahmadi Alireza 
Published: December 2023

AbstractEstimating the difficulty of reading tests is critical in second language education and assessment. This study was aimed at examining various text features that might influence the difficulty level of a high-stakes reading comprehension test and predict test takers’ scores. To this end, the responses provided by 17,900 test takers on the reading comprehension subsection of a major high-stakes test, the Iranian National University Entrance Exam for the Master’s Program were examined. Overall, 63 reading passages in different versions of the test from 2017 to 2019 were studied with a focus on 16 indices that might help explain the reading difficulty and test takers’ scores. The results showed that the content word overlap index and the Flesch-Kincaid Reading Ease formula had significant correlations with the observed difficulty and could therefore be considered better predictors of test difficulty compared to other variables. The findings suggest the use of various indices to estimate the reading difficulty before administering tests to ensure the equivalency and validity of tests.
Current status and trends in antimicrobial use in food animals in China, 2018–2020
Authors: Zhao Qi , Jiang Zinan , Li Ting , Cheng Min , Sun Hongyang , Cui Mingquan , Zhang Chunping , Xu Shixin , Wang Hejia , Wu Congming 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAntimicrobial resistance poses a significant threat to global public health, and excessive antimicrobial use (AMU) in animals is a major contributing factor. We used national AMU data for food animals to examine the current status and trends for AMU in food animals in China from 2018–2020. In 2020, China used 32,776.30 tons of antimicrobials in food animals, amounting to 165 g of antimicrobials per ton of animal products. AMU in China increased throughout the 2018–2020 study period; however, the data still showed a consistent and notable reduction from those of 2017, coinciding with the implementation of the China National Action Plan for Combating Animal Antimicrobial Resistance. Among the antimicrobials used, tetracyclines, macrolides and β-lactams (including β-lactam inhibitors) were the most commonly used in food animals. Analysis by antimicrobial class revealed shifts in usage patterns, such as decreased tetracycline use and increased macrolide and β-lactam use. Furthermore, the use of antimicrobial growth promoters decreased sharply, from 51.78% in 2018 to 28.7% in 2020. Compared with AMU data from other countries, China used more antimicrobials, but the values were relatively lower when adjusted for population correction units. These findings highlight China's remarkable efforts in combating antimicrobial resistance and promoting antimicrobial stewardship, thus contributing significantly to global initiatives.
Evil in Exile: Fiction, Franzen, Faust
Authors: DiMassa Daniel 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Serious fiction, according to Frank Kermode, avoids the apocalyptic paradigm of beginning, middle, and end. Part of the paradigm that escaped Kermode’s attention, however, is the inevitable defeat of evil by forces of good. The present essay inquires after the narratological fate of evil in the sorts of literary fiction that exist outside this paradigm. Taking up the novels of Jonathan Franzen, which are replete with representations of evil, this essay locates the sources of Franzen’s fixation in Johann Wolfgang von Goethe and argues that, as theodicy fell out of favor in the European eighteenth century, Goethe developed a proto-existential poetics that sought to reckon with the apparent ineluctability of evil. The essay thus aims to offer a newly historicized reading of Franzen’s literary project; to draw attention to the significance of the collapse of theodicy for the development of literary fiction; and to position Goethe as a critical voice to emerge from that collapse and put forward literary fiction as a discursive alternative to theological paradigms.
Who’s Afraid of Italo Svevo? Routes of European Modernism between Trieste and Virginia Woolf’s London
Authors: Ziolkowski Saskia Elizabeth 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The Triestine author Italo Svevo spent a considerable amount of time in London and its environs between 1901 and 1926. His experiences there influenced his modernist writing, including Zeno’s Conscience, his most famous novel. Leonard and Virginia Woolf’s Hogarth Press was the first to publish Svevo’s work in English. His story “The Hoax” marked their first translation from Italian and his short story collection The Nice Old Man and the Pretty Girl and Other Stories their second, helping shape the press’s international modernist program. Despite residing in the same quickly changing city in the same period and despite their literary connections, Svevo and Virginia Woolf have rarely been compared. They have been difficult to envision together in part because their gender, backgrounds, and nationalities separate them. By exploring Woolf’s and Svevo’s shared modernist networks, including London’s influence and Hogarth Press, this article reveals Svevo’s significance as an author who has not easily fit Anglophone paradigms of modernist fiction and whose associations with Woolf contribute to the growing challenges to nation-based literary histories.
An Edition of Jonson’s Entertainment at Britain’s Burse and a New Letter by Collier on Massinger in the Athenaeum (1857)
Authors: Blaine Marlin E. 
Published: December 2023

This article identifies two previously uncatalogued items that were published in the Athenaeum in November 1857, each of which is connected to the then-recent acquisition of the Conway Papers by the Public Record Office (now the National Archives). These include a printing of Jonson’s Entertainment at Britain’s Burse and a letter from John Payne Collier that seems to refer to Massinger’s lost play Philenzo and Hippolyto. The former nuances the publication history of a work whose historical and dramatic importance recent scholarship demonstrates, while the latter offers evidence regarding Collier’s claim that a manuscript of Massinger’s play once lay among the Conway Papers.
Peer Evaluations: Evaluating and Being Evaluated
Authors: Klapper Helge , Piezunka Henning , Dahlander Linus 
Published: December 2023

Peer evaluations place organizational members in a dual role: they evaluate their peers and are being evaluated by their peers. We theorize that when evaluating their peers, they anticipate how their evaluations will be perceived and adjust their evaluations strategically to be evaluated more positively themselves when their peers assess them. Building on this overarching claim of role duality resulting in strategic peer evaluations, we focus on a dilemma that evaluating members face: they want to leverage their evaluations of peers to portray themselves as engaged and having high standards, but at the same time, they must be careful not to offend anyone as doing so may cause retaliation. We suggest that organizational members about to be evaluated resolve this dilemma by participating in more peer evaluations but carefully targeting which evaluations they participate in. We test our theory by analyzing peer evaluations on Wikipedia, supplemented by in-depth semistructured interviews. Our study informs research on peer evaluation and organizational design by revealing how being an evaluator and evaluated can make evaluations more strategic. Supplemental Material: The e-companion is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2021.15302 .
Policresulen to treat hypergranulation tissue around drainage tubes
Authors: Kim Su Ho , Choi Byung Gil , Ok Jung Suk , Chun Ho Jong , Lee Hae Giu 
Published: December 2023

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of policresulen for the treatment of hypergranulation. Method: This was a retrospective study of patients with percutaneous catheters. Inpatients from two hospitals and those from outpatient clinics were included. Approximately 2ml of 50% policresulen solution was applied to hypergranulation tissue, which was then immediately pressed with gauze for 1–3 minutes using light pressure. When haemostasis was achieved and the granulation tissue size decreased, the procedure was terminated. Results: A total of eight patients (four females and four males) were included in this study. Effective haemostasis was achieved in all patients. The size of the hypergranulation tissue decreased with policresulen treatment, and resolved completely in one patient. There were no complications. Hypergranulation tissue recurred in one patient. Haemostasis was successfully achieved after repeated procedures. Conclusion: The findings of this study showed policresulen to be an inexpensive, easy treatment for hypergranulation at catheter insertion sites.
Management of diabetic foot ulcers using topical probiotics in a soybean-based concentrate: a multicentre study
Authors: Yang Chao-Chih , Wu Megn-Si , Hsu Honda 
Published: December 2023

Objective: Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is a common complication in people with diabetes. Standard management includes strict glycaemic management, control of the infection, revascularisation, debridement, mechanical offloading and foot care education. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of using topical probiotics in a soybean-based concentrate in the management of DFUs Method: A retrospective, multicentre evaluation of patients with diabetes with non-infected DFUs between October 2020 and October 2021, and who were treated with twice daily topical application of probiotics in a soybean-based concentrate as an adjunct to standard wound care. Results: A total of 22 patients were enrolled into this study, including 16 males and six females, with a mean age of 61 years (range: 31–89 years). Defect size ranged from 1–33.5cm2 (mean: 7.2cm2). The mean number of days until complete healing was 51 (range: 21–112 days). Of the patients, 83% showed complete healing at the end of 16 weeks, 72% showed complete healing at 12 weeks, 56% at eight weeks, and 22% at four weeks. The wounds showed an average decrease in size of 0.59cm2 (9%) per week, calculated using generalised estimating equation. Conclusion: This findings of this study provide a new perspective on the therapeutic potential of probiotics as an effective form of management in patients with small, hard-to-heal (chronic) DFUs.