bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of a Short‐Term Vegan Challenge in Older Adults on Metabolic and Inflammatory Parameters—A Randomized Controlled Crossover Study
Authors: Döschner Lary , Schulze Kora , Göger Lea , Bosy‐Westphal Anja , Krüger Nele , Franz Kristina , Müller‐Werdan Ursula , Herpich Catrin , Norman Kristina 
Published: January 2024

ScopeA long‐term vegan diet carries the risk of insufficient protein and micronutrient intake for older adults. However, even a short‐term (48 h) vegan diet exerts positive metabolic effects in younger adults. In this study, we investigate the feasibility and effects of a short‐term vegan challenge on metabolic and inflammatory markers in older adults.Method and resultsIn this randomized controlled crossover‐study, 30 healthy older adults (≥65 years) are assigned to either a 48 h ad libitum vegan or omnivorous diet. During the vegan diet, participants exhibit lower protein (p = 0.001) and fat intake as well as higher carbohydrate and dietary fiber intake, resulting in a lower caloric intake (all p < 0.001). Insulin concentrations (p = 0.042) and insulin resistance (p = 0.036) decline only after the vegan diet. The study observes reductions in serum glucose (p < 0.001), triglyceride (p = 0.005), and hsCRP (p = 0.044) concentrations and weight (p < 0.001), independent of the diet. Participants with low‐grade inflammation exhibit notable metabolic improvements after the vegan diet.ConclusionImprovements in insulin homeostasis are observed after the vegan diet, but meeting protein requirements are not feasible during the short‐term vegan challenge despite dietary counseling, which warrants concern.
Few‐shot segmentation framework for lung nodules via an optimized active contour model
Authors: Yang Lin , Shao Dan , Huang Zhenxing , Geng Mengxiao , Zhang Na , Chen Long , Wang Xi , Liang Dong , Pang Zhi‐Feng , Hu Zhanli 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundAccurate segmentation of lung nodules is crucial for the early diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer in clinical practice. However, the similarity between lung nodules and surrounding tissues has made their segmentation a longstanding challenge.PurposeExisting deep learning and active contour models each have their limitations. This paper aims to integrate the strengths of both approaches while mitigating their respective shortcomings.MethodsIn this paper, we propose a few‐shot segmentation framework that combines a deep neural network with an active contour model. We introduce heat kernel convolutions and high‐order total variation into the active contour model and solve the challenging nonsmooth optimization problem using the alternating direction method of multipliers. Additionally, we use the presegmentation results obtained from training a deep neural network on a small sample set as the initial contours for our optimized active contour model, addressing the difficulty of manually setting the initial contours.ResultsWe compared our proposed method with state‐of‐the‐art methods for segmentation effectiveness using clinical computed tomography (CT) images acquired from two different hospitals and the publicly available LIDC dataset. The results demonstrate that our proposed method achieved outstanding segmentation performance according to both visual and quantitative indicators.ConclusionOur approach utilizes the output of few‐shot network training as prior information, avoiding the need to select the initial contour in the active contour model. Additionally, it provides mathematical interpretability to the deep learning, reducing its dependency on the quantity of training samples.
Cinchona‐Based Hydrogen‐Bond Donor Organocatalyst Metal Complexes: Asymmetric Catalysis and Structure Determination
Authors: Nagy Sándor , Richter Dóra , Dargó Gyula , Orbán Balázs , Gémes Gergő , Höltzl Tibor , Garádi Zsófia , Fehér Zsuzsanna , Kupai József 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn this study, we describe the synthesis of cinchona (thio)squaramide and a novel cinchona thiourea organocatalyst. These catalysts were employed in pharmaceutically relevant catalytic asymmetric reactions, such as Michael, Friedel–Crafts, and A3 coupling reactions, in combination with Ag(I), Cu(II), and Ni(II) salts. We identified several organocatalyst‐metal salt combinations that led to a significant increase in both yield and enantioselectivity. To gain insight into the active catalyst species, we prepared organocatalyst‐metal complexes and characterized them using HRMS, NMR spectroscopy, and quantum chemical calculations (B3LYP‐D4/def2‐TZVP), which allowed us to establish a structure‐activity relationship.
Photocatalytic Degradation of Malachite Green by Titanium Dioxide/Covalent Organic Framework Composite: Characterization, Performance and Mechanism
Authors: Yao Dongmei , Xie Xiaoting , Liang Xuling , Lu Sufen , Lai Hongfang 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn this paper, a titanium dioxide/covalent organic framework (TiO2/COF) composite was prepared and its photocatalytic removal of dye was investigated. Using tetrabutyl titanate as a titanium source, TiO2 nanomaterial was prepared by sol‐gel method. In the presence of TiO2, TiO2/COF core‐shell composite was prepared by solvothermal synthesis using melamine and 1,4‐phthalaldehyde as ligands. The prepared materials are characterized by SEM, TEM, XPS, XRD, TG, FTIR, BET, EPR, PL, and UV‐Vis‐DRS techniques. Using malachite green as a model of dye wastewater, the photocatalytic degradation performance of TiO2/COF composites was investigated under the irradiation of ultraviolet light. The results show that the modification of COF significantly improves the photocatalytic efficiency of TiO2, the degradation rate increases from 69.77 % to 93.64 %, and the reaction rate constant of the first‐order kinetic equation is increased from 0.0078 min−1 to 0.0192 min−1. Based on the free radical capture experiment, the photocatalytic degradation mechanism of TiO2/COF was discussed, and the feasibility of its photocatalytic degradation of malachite green was theoretically clarified. Accordingly, a simple and practical method for photocatalytic degradation of malachite green was constructed, which has potential application value in the degradation of dye wastewater.
Janus composite film comprising metal–organic framework/polyimide and BNNSs/polyimide as high energy storage dielectrics
Authors: Long Yiting , Qu Can , Kang Yuting , Huang Xu , Zan Pengfei , Chen Junshu , Sun Xiaoyan , Yu Qinlin , Dai Yatang , Wang Wei , Pu Linyu , Zhang Huan 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn order to prepare polymer dielectric materials with high energy storage density, a series of polyimide (PI) based Janus composite films were prepared by metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) material (UiO‐66) with high dielectric constant (ɛr) and boron nitride nanosheets (BNNSs) with high breakdown strength (Eb). As reported, the UiO‐66 can significantly improve the ɛr of the composites. The ɛr of 20 wt% UiO‐66/PI film is 10.51 at 103 Hz, which is 3.1 times that of pure PI film (3.39 at 103 Hz). However, the Eb of 20 wt% UiO‐66/PI is only 58 MV m−1, which is only 16.51% of pure PI (352 MV m−1). The sharp decline in Eb reduces the energy storage capacity of the composites. To solve this problem, first, BNNSs with an average diameter of 2 μm and a thickness of 1.36 nm (about 4–5 layer) were obtained by hydrothermal reflux stripping. BNNSs/PI//UiO‐66/PI Janus composite films with double‐layer structure were prepared by directly casting BNNSs/PI on the surface of UiO‐66/PI. For 0.3 wt% BNNSs/PI//10 wt% UiO‐66/PI, the calculated energy storage density (Ue) is 5.75 J cm−3 at 140 MV m−1, which is 3.57 times that of pure PI film (1.61 J cm−3 at 140 MV m−1). Meanwhile, the charge discharge efficiency is 82.55% (at 140 MV m−1).Highlights
BNNSs prepared by hydrothermal reflux stripping have fewer layers.
BNNSs/PI composites improve the Eb of UiO‐66/PI composites by Janus structure.
The Ue of BP‐0.3//UP‐10 composites with Janus structure was 5.75 J cm−3.
Diagnose and treatment for Type D congenital esophageal atresia with tracheoesophageal fistula
Authors: Wang Dingding , Zhao Yong , Zhang Yanan , Hua Kaiyun , Gu Yichao , Li Shuangshuang , Liao Junmin , Yang Shen , Yang Ting , Zhao Jiawei , Huang Jinshi 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACTImportanceType D esophageal atresia (EA) with tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) is characterized by EA with both proximal and distal TEFs. It is a rare congenital anomaly with a very low incidence.ObjectiveTo investigate diagnostic and treatment strategies for this rare condition.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the clinicopathological features of patients with EA/TEF treated at our institution between January 2007 and September 2021.ResultsAmong 386 patients with EA/TEF, 14 (3.6%) had type D EA/TEF. Only two patients were diagnosed with proximal TEF preoperatively. Seven patients were diagnosed intraoperatively. Five patients were missed for diagnosis during the initial surgery but was later confirmed by bronchoscopy. During the neonatal period, seven patients underwent a one‐stage repair of proximal and distal TEF via thoracoscopy or thoracotomy. Due to missed diagnosis and other reasons, the other 7 patients underwent two‐stage surgery for repair of the proximal TEF, including cervical incision and thoracoscopy. Ten of the 14 patients experienced postoperative complications including anastomotic leakage, pneumothorax, esophageal stricture, and recurrence. Patients who underwent one‐stage repair of distal and proximal TEF during the neonatal period showed a higher incidence of anastomotic leak (4/7). In contrast, only one of seven patients with two‐stage repair of the proximal TEF developed an anastomotic leak.InterpretationType D EA/TEF is a rare condition, and proximal TEFs are easily missed. Bronchoscopy may aim to diagnose and determine the correct surgical approach. A cervical approach may be more suitable for repairing the proximal TEF.
Registration of ‘KUML4’ and ‘KUML8’ mungbean cultivars with high yield and large seeds
Authors: Somta Prakit , Sorajjapinun Worawit , Yimram Tarika , Tanadul Orn‐u‐ma , Laosatit Kularb , Srinives Peerasak 
Published: January 2024

AbstractMungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek] is an agro‐economically important legume crop of Thailand. In recent years, mungbean has been gaining attention and popularity from consumers and industries for its dense nutrients. Although farmers, consumers, and processors prefer large‐seeded mungbeans, all mungbean cultivars available in Thailand are medium‐seeded. Therefore, a need was felt to develop new mungbean cultivars with large seed size that would fulfill the needs of farmers, consumers, and processors. In this study, we report the development of two new mungbean cultivars: ‘KUML4’ (Reg. no. CV‐354, PI 703288) and ‘KUML8’ (Reg. no. CV‐355, PI 703289). These cultivars were developed by pedigree and bulk‐selection methods. Standard yield trials revealed that KUML4 gave seed yields (SDY) of 1444.75 and 1316.38 kg ha−1, respectively, which was on par with check cultivars. The seed of KUML4 and KUML8 was larger than all of the check cultivars; their 100‐seed weights were 7.25 and 7.84 g, respectively, compared with 6.58 g, the mean of the check cultivars. Further, the genotype main effect plus genotype‐by‐environment analysis showed that KUML4 had good yield stability for its SDY. The yield trials under farmer fields and practices revealed that KUML4 gave SDY similar to the best check cultivar, ‘Chai Nat 3’ (CN3), whereas KUML8 gave a lower yield than CN3. The yield gap between the experimental research station and farmer field/practice was about 47%. In conclusion, KUML4 and KUML8 have shown high yield, large seed size, and early and uniform maturity.
Registration of R16‐45 as a flood‐tolerant, high‐yielding soybean germplasm line
Authors: Wu Chengjun , Acuña Andrea , Florez‐Palacios Liliana , Harrison Derrick , Ravelombola Francia , Oliveira Maria Roberta , Winter Joshua , Rogers Daniel James , Carlin John F. , Shannon J. Grover , Nguyen Henry , Vieira Caio Canella , Mozzoni Leandro Angel 
Published: January 2024

AbstractR16‐45 (Reg. no. GP‐526, PI 704118) is a high‐yielding soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] breeding line with flood tolerance at early reproductive stages released as germplasm by the Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station in 2023. It is an F2 selection from the cross between the flood‐tolerant breeding line R07‐6669 and the high‐yielding Arkansas cultivar ‘UA 5612’. R16‐45 is a conventional (non‐genetically modified) soybean with a relative maturity of 5.6. Plants have determinate growth habit, white flower color, and buff hilum color. It has gray pubescence, tan pod wall at maturity, and yellow cotyledons with a dull yellow seed coat. R16‐45 showed high yield potential and broad adaptability across 17 environments in Arkansas and other southern states, with an average of 4145 kg ha−1 (95.3% of the checks’ mean). Six years of field evaluations for flooding tolerance showed that R16‐45 is consistently tolerant to 8‐to‐10‐day flooding stress at the R1/R2 growth stages (average flood damage score of 3.6, compared with 6.0 from the reference checks). In addition, R16‐45 is resistant to stem canker. Given substantial yield losses associated with flooding stress and stem canker, R16‐45 is a valuable germplasm source for public and private soybean breeding programs attempting to incorporate novel genetic diversity into their breeding pipeline.
Modified‐constraint movement induced therapy versus neuro‐developmental therapy on reaching capacity in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy
Authors: Abdul‐Rahman Radwa S. , Radwan Nadia L. , El‐Nassag Bassam A. , Amin Wafaa Mahmoud , Ali Mostafa S. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveUpper extremity impairment is one of the complications in hemiplegic children. The purpose of modified constraint‐induced movement therapy (mCIMT) is to improve the function of impaired arms and hands in these children. This study compared the efficacy of mCIMT and the approach of neurodevelopmental therapy (NDT) on reaching capacity in children with spastic hemiplegia.MethodsFifty‐two spastic hemiplegic children ranging in age from four to 6 years were selected for this study from an outpatient clinic and biomechanical lab (Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, KSA). They were randomly divided into two experimental groups: group I received NDT and group II received mCIMT for the involved upper limb and restriction of the uninvolved arm movements for 12 weeks (three times per week). Both groups received a conventional exercise program in addition to experimental one. Active elbow extension range of motion and three‐dimensional motion analysis of the reaching task were measured before and after 3 months of treatment.ResultsSignificant enhancement in all pre‐treatment and post‐treatment outcomes was observed in both groups by a two‐way mixed MANOVA; furthermore, Group II (mCIMT) showed the most significant improvement (elbow extension, percentage of reach to peak velocity, movement time and movement units) when comparing the post‐treatment outcomes between the two groups (p < 0.001).Implication for Physiotherapy PracticeAddition of mCIMT to a conventional exercise was superior to adding NDT exercise therapy in promoting the performance of reaching pattern in hemiplegic children.
Kinetics for the sulfuric acid‐catalyzed reactions of ethylene oxide with water and ethylene glycols
Authors: Levin Marc E. , Mitschke Justin , Smith Sheehan , Chipman Peter I. , Singh S. K. , Lenahan Robert , Frederick Timothy S. , Gulledge Bill 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAdiabatic calorimeter experiments have quantified the sulfuric acid‐catalyzed reaction of ethylene oxide (EO) with water to form ethylene glycol (EG) and higher glycols. Conditions were selected relevant to industrial safety, such as a scenario of reverse flow of acid from a scrubber to an EO tank. Concentrations of 25–95 wt% EO with acidified water of pH 3.0 down to pH –0.7 were examined. In some experiments, EG was also added to the mix. The best fit apparent reaction rate expression exhibits a 1.5 order in EO concentration, third order in water concentration, nearly first order in acid concentration, and an activation energy of 76,500 kJ/kmol. The reaction model provides an adequate fit of adiabatic self‐heat rate versus temperature, pressure rate versus temperature, pressure versus time, and temperature versus time data for a large number of APTAC (Automatic Pressure Tracking Adiabatic Calorimeter) experiments. The model builds on one previously developed for the neutral reactions of EO with water and EGs. A case study involving a sulfuric acid‐contaminated EO railcar is presented. The reaction model can help quantify the behavior of EO contaminated with sulfuric acid solution below about 120°C. Above this temperature, other reaction pathways not characterized in this study become more prominent.
Consequences analysis of a natural gas pipeline: The case of the trans‐Anatolian natural gas pipeline
Authors: Cetinyokus Saliha , Dinc Duran , Ata Sila 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIndustrial accidents include fire, explosion, and toxic substance spread involving hazardous substances. They threaten the health of many people, cause permanent or long‐term pollution of the natural environment, cause a high degree of property damage, and require a large‐scale emergency response. Pipelines that transfer hazardous chemicals over a large area are risky for industrial accidents. In this study, we aimed to analyze the consequences of a possible industrial accident at the Edirne Ipsala compressor station in the trans‐Anatolian natural gas pipeline (TANAP). Analyses were carried out with the ALOHA software on two hypothetical scenarios: In Scenario 1, the chemical escapes from the pipe without the gas burning; and in Scenario 2, the chemical escapes from the pipe with the gas burning (jet fire). In the analysis of overpressure effects, TNT EM and TNO MEM were used besides the software. The largest effect distance (≈5000 m) was determined in the flammable area as a result of Scenario 1, and the prominent hazard property of the chemical was supported. The overpressure effects obtained with TNO MEM and the software were compatible with each other, but the values obtained with TNT EM were less severe and quite different. In the analysis of overpressure effects, it is shown that the ALOHA software provided more conservative results and that buildings would collapse and lethal effects might occur at a distance of 1000 m from the source. ALOHA produced outputs integrated with GIS by providing thermal radiation and toxic effect threat zones as well as overpressure effects. ALOHA turns out to be a more convenient and practical tool for risk assessment studies and emergency plans.
Constrained control of multi‐input systems with distinct input delays
Authors: Abel Imoleayo , Janković Mrdjan , Krstić Miroslav 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWe consider the problem of enforcing safety in multi‐input systems with distinct input delays via the use of Control Barrier Functions (CBFs). For systems with input delay(s), a popular approach for enforcing safety is the combination of a CBF designed for the delay‐free system with state‐predictors that compensate the input delays. Typically, this comes with the assumption that the system does not violate safety constraints before all input delays have been compensated and the system is fully under control. In this paper, we introduce two control approaches that enforce safety before all input delays have been compensated, whenever it is possible to do so. We do this by utilizing a robust CBF formulation that treats longer‐delayed inputs as known disturbances when determining control effort for shorter delayed inputs. This formulation ensures that, whenever possible, a subset of input channels with shorter delays will be utilized for keeping the system in the admissible safe set before longer input delays have been compensated. The effectiveness of our approaches is demonstrated with two numerical examples.
Intelligent classifier for various degrees of coffee roasts using smart multispectral vision system
Authors: Lin Ming‐Yi , Chen Ching‐Han , Lu Jung‐Hua 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis study proposes an innovative deep learning model for use in a multispectral vision system comprising a complementary metal‐oxide semiconductor image sensor and a spectrometer. To ensure accurate color recognition, the deep learning model includes an embedded adaptive automatic color temperature correction engine. By using this color temperature correction engine, the multispectral vision system can intelligently compensate for lighting and chromatic variations. To evaluate the performance of the system, we created a nine‐dimensional data set using the IT8.7/2 color target. We then used this data set to train the deep learning model. Our deep learning model outperformed other lightweight deep learning models in experiments, making it suitable for deployment on edge devices and embedded systems. We tested the ability of the multispectral vision system to classify adulterated coffee beans into their respective classes. The overall accuracy rate was more than 99.3%, indicating that out proposed multispectral vision system is effective in identifying color differences. Considering its capabilities in agricultural screening, we suggest incorporating our adaptive automatic multispectral vision system into agricultural machines for the realization of Agriculture 4.0.
Water quality shapes the community structure of zoobenthos in rivers but only has a minor effect on the fatty acid composition of zoobenthos and salmonids
Authors: Kesti Petri , Strandberg Ursula , Taipale Sami , Hiltunen Minna , Vesterinen Jussi , Vainikka Anssi , Kankaala Paula 
Published: January 2024

AbstractMany river ecosystems in the boreal zone have faced remarkable changes due to intensive human activities, including land‐use changes in the catchments and channelization. Recently, restoration efforts have increased, hoping to restore a more natural hydromorphology. We studied the community structure of benthic macroinvertebrates (zoobenthos) in seven rivers in Eastern Finland, using samples that covered pre‐ and post‐restoration periods, to examine how environmental metrics relate to the zoobenthos community structure, and the fatty acid (FA) composition and content of Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera nymphs and larvae. We also analyzed the FA composition and content of land‐locked salmon (Salmo salar m. sebago) in three of the rivers and brown trout (Salmo trutta) in two of the rivers. Zoobenthos communities differed significantly among most of the rivers: 24% of the differences between the zoobenthos communities were driven by water quality parameters related to the loading of terrestrial organic matter (water color, pH, and iron concentration). Temporal changes in zoobenthos communities could not be fully attributed to restorations. The FA composition of zoobenthos was mostly explained by phylogenetic origin (47%). However, especially mayfly Heptagenia sulphurea (Ephemeroptera: Heptageniidae) had variable FA composition and content among the rivers suggesting an environmental quality indicator role for this species. FA composition and content of salmonids were mostly size‐dependent (24%), but river identity also influenced their FA composition (22%). Our results indicate that water quality affects the availability of essential FAs for consumers by altering the zoobenthos community structure and their FA composition and content.