bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Über die Reduktion des durch Wägung in Luft ermittelten Gewichtes pulverförmiger Substanzen auf den leeren Raum
Authors: Ruer Rudolf , Kuschmann Johann 
Published: January 2005

AbstractBei 85° geglühtes Kupferoxyd vermag in Pulverform bei Zimmertemperatur nur 0,00086% Luft zu adsorbieren. Durch Erhitzen auf 1000° geht das Adsorptionsvermögen noch etwas, auf 0,00056% zurück. Auch das bei 1000° geglühte Eisenoxyd adsorbiert in Pulverform bei Zimmertemperatur nur 0,00055% Luft. Daher kann das Vakuumgewicht dieser Substanzen, auch wenn sie in Pulverform vorliegen, in der üblichen Weise aus ihrem durch Wägung in Luft ermittelten Gewichte berechnet werden, da der hier auftretende Fehler innerhalb der Grenzen der Wägefehler liegt. Bei 700° geglühtes pulverförmiges Eisenoxyd zeigt noch ein merkliches Adsorptionsvermögen und adsorbiert bei Zimmertemperatur 0,00025% Luft. Um sein Vakuumgewicht zu ermitteln, bedarf es der direkten Wägung im Vakuum, nachdem es während der Evakuierung auf höhere Temperatur erhitzt wurde. Durch einfache Evakuierung bei Zimmertemperatur findet keine Entfernung der adhärierenden Luftschicht statt, daher ist auf diesem Wege keine ganz genaue Gewichtsbestimmung möglich. Den gleichen Fehler ergibt die Berechnung des Vakuumgewichtes aus dem Luftgewicht.
Die Oberflächenspannung geschmolzener Metalle und Legierungen. I. Die Meßmethode des maximalen Blasendruckes und die Oberflächenspannung von Quecksilber und Wismut
Authors: Sauerwald F. , Drath G. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractDie Methode der Messung des maximalen Blasendruckes wurde zur Messung der Oberflächenspannung geschmolzener Metalle geeignet gefunden. Dabei wurde sehr wahrscheinlich gemacht, daß die Blasenbildung bei nichtbenetzenden Flüssigkeiten am äußeren Capillarenrand erfolgt. Die Temperaturabhängigkeit der Oberflächenspannung von Hg und Bi wurde erneut ermittelt. Ein Einfluß der Gasatmosphäre und der Geschwindigkeit der Blasenbildung als solche auf das Resultat (Alterung) konnte nicht festgestellt, werden.
Einige metallographische Beobachtungen an Kupferoxydul im Kupfer
Authors: Siebe P. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractEs wurden einige metallographische Beobachtungen über Kupferoxydul in Guß‐ und Walzkupfer beschrieben und der Einfluß des Glühens behandelt. Die Beobachtungen stimmen mit den bisher gefundenen allgemeinen Regeln bezüglich Struktur und Verhalten der Eutektika überein. Es wurde weiter darauf hingewiesen, wie in der Praxis der Kupferverarbeitung aus der Anordnung und Ausbildung der Cu2O ‐Körner Rückschlüsse auf die vorhergegangene Behandlung des Kupfers gezogen werden können.
Beitrag zur Auflösungsgeschwindigkeit von Aluminium in Salzsäure
Authors: Werner Max 
Published: January 2005

AbstractDie vorliegende Untersuchung konnte nur an einer Aluminiumprobe einige Aufklärung bringen. Es dürfte erforderlich sein, die Untersuchung insbesondere auf solches Aluminium auszudehnen, welches möglichst frei von mikroskopischen Beimengungen ist. Das Ergebnis läßt sich kurz, wie folgt, zusammenfassen:

Durch Glühen und nachträgliches Abschrecken wird die Säurefestigkeit vom technischen Aluminium verbessert. Ein zu hohes Glühen wirkt schädlich.
Der Verlauf der Grenzkurve der Al‐reichen Al‐Si‐Mischkristalle wird diskutiert.
Durch Anlassen wird die Widerstandsfähigkeit des Aluminiums gegen Säureangriff infolge Zerfalls des Mischkristalls erhöht. Die Geschwindigkeit des Zerfalls ist bei 300° verhältnismäßig groß, bei 200° geringer und bei 100° selbst nach 168 stündigem Anlassen nicht mit Sicherheit nachzuweisen.
Die Bindung von Kalium durch Kohlenstoff
Authors: Fredenhagen Karl , Cadenbach Gustav 
Published: January 2005

AbstractKalium, Rubidium und Cäsium wirken auf Kohlenstoff in Form von Graphit, Ruß und aktiver Kohle lebhaft ein. Die Einwirkung gibt sich kund durch den Zerfall der verwendeten Kohlenstoffmaterialien und durch Wärmeentwicklung. Es können Produkte isoliert werden, deren Zusammensetzung für bestimmte Gebiete von Druck und Temperatur praktisch konstant ist. Die gebundene Alkalimetallmenge ändert sich etwa im Verhältnis von 1:2:4; oder 1 Mol Alkalimetall wird gebunden von etwa 16 oder 8 oder 4 Mol Kohlenstoff. Hierbei ist die letzte, der völligen Benetzung entsprechende Stufe am wenigsten abgegrenzt.
Theorie der periodischen Fällung
Authors: Dhar N. R. , Chatterji A. C. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractVersuche über das Leitvermögen und die Diffusion zeigen, daß Silberchromat in Gelatine als Kolloid und nicht als übersättigte Lösung vorhanden ist. Auch Bleichlorid, Bleijodid, Bleichromat usw. in Agar und andere wenig lösliche Stoffe in verschiedenen Gelen befinden sich im Kolloidzustand und nicht in Form einer übersättigten Lösung.
Zur Kenntnis der Borfluorwasserstoffsäure und ihrer Salze
Authors: Wilke‐Dörfurt Ernst , Balz Günther 
Published: January 2005

AbstractVon Metallsalzen der Borfluorwasserstoffsäure werden durch Beschreibung und Analyse charakterisiert das Thallium(1)borfluroid, und ein Calciumborfluorid–Dihydrat.
Die Anwendung von flüssigem Amalgam in der volumetrischen Analyse. VII. Oxydimetrische Bestimmung von Chrom
Authors: Someya Kin'Ichi 
Published: January 2005

AbstractEs wurde gezeigt, daß unter geeigneten Bedingungen Zink oder Bleiamalgam Chromichlorid in salzsaurer Lösung quantitativ in Chromosalz überführt; einige neue und genaue Verfahren zur Chrombestimmung durch Amalgam wurden ausgearbeitet.Das Verfahren wurde auf die Bestimmung eines Gemisches von Chrom und Eisen, sowie auf die des Chroms in Eisen‐Chromlegierungen und des Chlorats erfolgreich angewandt.
The impact of school transitions: A focus for preventive efforts
Authors: Felner Robert D. , Primavera Judith , Cauce Ana M. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe relationship between cumulative or single school transfers and a student's academic adjustment was explored. The school records of 250 high school students were examined and school transfers due to either residential mobility or the normative school change from eighth to ninth grade were identified. Correlations between the cumulative number of school transfers in a student's history and their ninth‐grade academic performance and attendance record were computed for both ethnic and sex subgroups. Analyses of variance for repeated measures were performed to assess the impact of any single school transition occurring at different points in the child's development. Correlational analyses indicated that high rates of school mobility were significantly related to poor academic performance, particularly for black and Hispanic students. Analyses of variance revealed that while no single school transition due to residential mobility in Grades 1 through 8 had a significant impact on the student's posttransfer adjustment, the normative transition to high school was significantly related to lowered school performance and increased absences, particularly for students with a history of repeated school transfers and for black students.
Experimental social innovation and client‐centered job‐seeking programs
Authors: Gray Denis O. , Braddy Barri A. 
Published: January 2005

ConclusionsThe complexity of most social problems and a growing human services shortfall dictate that we reevaluate our approach to planned social change. Simplistic one‐shot evaluations of social interventions are unlikely to yield the kind of information that will help us identify true social innovations, understand and refine their instrumental processes, and thereby optimize their effects. However, incremental progress in these areas is possible through the pursuit of ESI or other systematic and rigorous approaches to outcome research.
Local crime as a natural hazard: Implications for understanding the relationship between disorder and fear of crime
Authors: Taylor Ralph B. , Shumaker Sally A. 
Published: January 2005

SummaryWe have suggested the following: Local crimes and natural hazards share several objective similarities and similarities in how they are perceived. Although local crimes and natural hazards are clearly different in numerous respects, these points of analogy suggest that in several ways responses to local disorder may be similar to responses to hazards. If this is the case, processes used to explain how persons respond to disasters may help explain a recurrent puzzle in the responses to disorder literature: the loose linkages between local disorder levels and fear levels.Future research needs include developing a fuller understanding of how other contextual factors mediate or moderate the processes discussed here, how these processes are related to and may mediate behavioral responses to crime, and how these behaviors in turn influence perceptions. We have suggested here that anticrime behaviors may result in some disadaptation to the threat, thereby elevating fear, and have provided evidence to that effect. In addition it is important to ascertain how the points of analogy between crime as a natural hazard and crime as an environmental stressor may be melded to develop more insight than afforded by either perspective considered singly. The heuristic developed here suggests some additional considerations for policy makers involved in anticrime or fear reduction programs.
AIIRA: AI Institute for Resilient Agriculture
Authors: Ganapathysubramanian Baskar , Bell Jessica M. P. , Kantor George , Merchant Nirav , Sarkar Soumik , Schnable Patrick S. , Segovia Michelle , Singh Arti , Singh Asheesh K. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAIIRA seeks to transform agriculture by creating a new AI‐driven framework for modeling plants at various agronomically relevant scales. We accomplish this by designing and deploying AI‐driven predictive models that fuse diverse data with siloed domain knowledge.AIIRA's vision, illustrated in Figure 1, consists of four technical thrusts with cross‐cutting education, training, and outreach activities. Our activities are focused on theory, algorithms, and tools for the principled creation of goal‐oriented AI tools deployed at plant and field scales. Our use‐inspired AI developments are tightly integrated with USDA‐relevant challenges in crop improvement and sustainable crop production. Our strong social science focus ensures sustained AI adoption across the ag value chain. Our cyberinfrastructure (CI) efforts ensure cohesive, sustainable, and extensible CI to reproducibly share and manage data assets and analysis workflows to a diverse spectrum of the Ag community. Taken together, this will ensure long‐term payoffs in AI and agriculture.AIIRA has established a new field ofCyber Agricultural Systems at the intersection of plant science, agronomics, and AI. Our signature activities build the workforce for this new field through formal and informal educational activities. Through these activities,AIIRA creates accessible pathways for underrepresented groups, especially Native Americans and women.
An IMRT planning technique for treating whole breast or chest wall with regional lymph nodes on Halcyon and Ethos
Authors: Rayn Kareem , Clark Ryan , Hoxha Klea , Magliari Anthony , Neylon Jack , Xiang Michael H. , O'Connell Dylan P. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPurpose/ObjectiveField size limitations on Halcyon and Ethos treatment machines largely preclude use of the conventional monoisocentric three‐field technique for breast/chest wall and regional lymph nodes. We present an alternative, IMRT‐based planning approach that facilitates treatment on Halcyon and Ethos while preserving plan quality.Materials/MethodsEight breast and regional node cases (four left‐sided, four right‐sided) were planned for an Ethos machine using a 15–17 field IMRT technique. Institutional plan quality metrics for CTV and PTV coverage and OAR sparing were assessed. Five plans (four right‐sided, one left‐sided) were also planned using a hybrid 3D multisocenter technique. CTV coverage and OAR sparing were compared to the IMRT plans. Eclipse scripting tools were developed to aid in beam placement and plan evaluation through a set of dosimetric scorecards, and both are shared publicly.ResultsOn average, the IMRT plans achieved breast CTV and PTV coverage at 50 Gy of 97.9% and 95.7%, respectively. Supraclavicular CTV and PTV coverages at 45 Gy were 100% and 95.5%. Axillary lymph node CTV and PTV coverages at 45 Gy were 100% and 97.1%, and IMN CTV coverage at 45 Gy was 99.2%. Mean ipsilateral lung V20 Gy was 19.3%, and average mean heart dose was 1.6 Gy for right‐sided cases and 3.0 Gy for left‐sided. In comparison to the hybrid 3D plans, IMRT plans achieved higher breast and supraclavicular CTV coverage (99.9% vs. 98.6% and 99.9% vs. 93.4%), higher IMN coverage (99.6% vs. 78.2%), and lower ipsilateral lung V20 Gy (19.6% vs. 28.2%).ConclusionInstitutional plan quality benchmarks were achieved for all eight cases using the IMRT‐based planning approach. The IMRT‐based planning approach offered superior conformity and OAR sparing than a competing hybrid 3D approach.
Beetle‐Inspired Gradient Slant Structures for Capacitive Pressure Sensor with a Broad Linear Response Range
Authors: Wu Lei , Li Xuan , Choi Jungrak , Zhao Zhi‐Jun , Qian Linmao , Yu Bingjun , Park Inkyu 
Published: February 2024

AbstractFlexible pressure sensors with broad linearity range and excellent sensor‐to‐sensor uniformity have attracted unprecedented attention in the electronic skins, human–machine interfaces, and environmental monitoring. However, challenges including poor sensor‐to‐sensor uniformity owing to the randomness of the used nanomaterials or porous structures and saturated response that leads to a restricted linearity range because of structural stiffening have been yet addressed. Herein, a novel dielectric layer based on beetle‐inspired gradient slant structures (GSS) is proposed to endow capacitive pressure sensors with extensive linearity range and excellent sensor‐to‐sensor uniformity. The excellent compressibility of the GSS due to the bending deformation of the slant pillars significantly enhances sensor sensitivity. The broad linearity range comes from the compensation of contact area during sequential contact of the GSS dielectric layer from tall to low slant pillars with electrodes. The high sensor‐to‐sensor uniformity is ascribed to the excellent batch‐to‐batch consistency of prepared GSS via 3D printing‐based fabrication process. Moreover, the proposed GSS‐based pressure sensors present rapid response/recovery, low detection limit, excellent dynamic response, negligible hysteresis, and outstanding long‐term stability. Finally, the excellent applicabilities of proposed capacitive pressure sensors in diverse scenarios including external pressure stimuli detection, a flexible perception array, and a smart insole system are demonstrated.
Spectral and Temporal Manipulation of Ultralong Phosphorescence Based on Melt‐Quenched Glassy Metal–Organic Complexes for Multi‐Mode Photonic Functions
Authors: Gong Yuqing , Zhang Hao , Li Panpan , Bai Yuanqing , Yin Bozhao , Ouyang Min , Zheng Nan , Liu Xiaofeng , Zhao Zujin , Qiu Jianrong , Yang Zhongmin , Dong Guoping 
Published: February 2024

AbstractTransparent glasses are ideal and robust hosts for a range of emission centers, while the simultaneous manipulation of the temporal and spectral characteristics of emission remains a tremendous challenge for inorganic glasses. Here, the development and functionalization of melt‐quenched transparent coordinate polymer glasses with a tailorable ultralong room‐temperature phosphorescence are demonstrated. Dynamic modulation of the phosphorescence is achieved by utilization of the high molecular rigidity and manipulation of the spin‐orbital coupling effects within the glass systems. By introducing dye molecules into the glasses, Phosphorescence resonance energy transfer from the glass matrix to the dye molecules is exploited and controllable multicolor long‐lived luminescence is demonstrated. Further design of the component and concentration of the encapsulated dyes allows for wavelength‐tunable long‐lived delayed fluorescence via an efficient delayed sensitization process, featuring a tunable emission spectrum covering a wide range from 520 to 630 nm. Leveraging the multiple spectral tuning channels of the hybrid glass, multi‐mode optical information storage, and dynamic anti‐counterfeiting applications are further demonstrated. This work provides a new hybrid material platform and design methodology for realizing lifetime‐adjustable and wavelength‐tunable long‐lived luminescence, which can find wide applications in time‐rsesolved information display, high‐density information storage, and dynamic anti‐counterfeiting.
Fast‐Charging Zinc‐Air Batteries with Stable Bifunctional Oxygen Electrocatalysis of Mo‐Induced Nanodefective Mo─Co/N─C Catalyst
Authors: Zhang Yan , Ma Xiaoyue , Cheng Zhendong , Wang Jingwen , Wen Guobin , Yang Lin , Bai Zhengyu 
Published: February 2024

AbstractFast‐charging technology plays a pivotal role in propelling the commercialization of zinc‐air batteries (ZABs). While the lifetime of ZABs under fast‐charging is severely shortened by the abundant O2 bubbles and the deactivation of the cathode catalysts. Herein, a defective Mo─Co/N─C electrocatalyst is presented with Co nanoparticles and molybdenum‐oxo subnano clusters by pyrolyzing the Lindqvist polyoxometalate incorporated ZIF‐67 precursor. The crystalline defects are exacerbated by doping the polyoxometalate into the pores of ZIF‐67. Furthermore, the accessibility of the pore defects is increased by Mo‐leaching during the pre‐activation. These accessible pore defects effectively prevent the exfoliation of catalysts from the support under the attack of O2 bubbles, and improve the electrolyte penetration. Besides, the pore defects offer numerous active sites for the electrocatalytic reactions, resulting in an active and stable Mo─Co/N─C catalyst. Hence, such a Mo─Co/N─C electrocatalyst achieves a long lifetime of 1538 h at 5 mA cm−2, and a long lifetime of 641 h under a fast charge of 50 mA cm−2 in the homemade ZAB. The unique components and operational mechanisms propel scientists to portray splendid blueprints for durable fast‐charging ZABs for potential industrial applications.
An Antioxidative and Active Shrinkage Hydrogel Integratedly Promotes Re‐Epithelization and Skin Constriction for Enhancing Wound Closure
Authors: Sun Jiacheng , Jia Wang , Qi Hedong , Huo Jiawei , Liao Xiaodan , Xu Yuan , Wang Jun , Sun Zihao , Liu Yang , Liu Jingchao , Zhen Mingming , Wang Chunru , Bai Chunli 
Published: February 2024

AbstractDelayed re‐epithelization and weakened skin contractions are the two primary factors that hinder wound closure in large‐scale acute or chronic wounds. However, effective strategies for targeting these two aspects concurrently are still lacking. Herein, an antioxidative active‐shrinkage hydrogel (AHF@AS Gel) is constructed that can integratedly promote re‐epithelization and skin constriction to accelerate large‐scale acute and diabetic chronic wound closure. The AHF@AS Gel is encapsulated by antioxidative amino‐ and hydroxyl‐modified C70 fullerene (AHF) and a thermosensitive active shrinkage hydrogel (AS Gel). Specifically, AHF relieves overactivated inflammation, prevents cellular apoptosis, and promotes fibroblast migration in vitro by reducing excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS). Notably, the AHF@AS Gel achieved ≈2.7‐fold and ≈1.7‐fold better re‐epithelization in acute wounds and chronic diabetic wounds, respectively, significantly contributing to the promotion of wound closure. Using proteomic profiling and mechanistic studies, it is identified that the AHF@AS Gel efficiently promoted the transition of the inflammatory and proliferative phases to the remodeling phase. Notably, it is demonstrated that AS Gel alone activates the mechanosensitive epidermal growth factor receptor/Akt (EGFR/Akt) pathway and promotes cell proliferation. The antioxidative active shrinkage hydrogel offers a comprehensive strategy for acute wound and diabetic chronic wound closure via biochemistry regulation integrating with mechanical forces stimulation.
Ultrasensitive Touch Sensor for Simultaneous Tactile and Slip Sensing
Authors: Liu Yue , Tao Juan , Mo Yepei , Bao Rongrong , Pan Caofeng 
Published: February 2024

AbstractTouch is a general term to describe mechanical stimuli. It is extremely difficult to develop touch sensors that can detect different modes of contact forces due to their low sensitivity and data decoupling. Simultaneously conducting tactile and slip sensing presents significant challenges for the design, structure, and performance of sensors. In this work, a highly sensitive sandwich‐structured sensor is achieved by exploiting the porosity and compressive modulus of the sensor's functional layer materials. The sensor shows an ultra‐high sensitivity of 1167 kPa−1and a low‐pressure detection limit of 1.34 Pa due to its considerably low compression modulus of 23.8 Pa. Due to this ultra‐high sensitivity, coupled with spectral analysis, it allows for dual‐mode detection of both tactile and slip sensations simultaneously. This novel fabrication strategy and signal analysis method provides a new direction for the development of tactile/slip sensors.
Secondary Amines Functionalized Organocatalytic Iodine Redox for High‐Performance Aqueous Dual‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Yang Rui , Yao Wenjiao , Zhou Liyu , Zhang Fan , Zheng Yongping , Lee Chun‐Sing , Tang Yongbing 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAqueous dual‐ion batteries (ADIBs) based on the cooperative redox of cations and iodine anions at the anode and cathode respectively, are attracting increasing interest because of high capacity and safety. However, the full‐cell performance is limited by the sluggish iodine redox kinetics between iodide and polyiodide involving multiple electron transfer steps, and the undesirable shuttling effect of polyiodides. Here, this work reports a versatile conjugated microporous polymer functionalized with secondary amine groups as an organocatalytic cathode for ADIB, which can be positively charged and electrostatically adsorb iodide, and organocatalyze iodine redox reactions through the amine groups. Both theoretical calculations and controlled experiments confirm that the secondary amine groups confine (poly)iodide species via hydrogen bonding, which is essential for accelerating iodine redox kinetics and reducing the polyiodide shuttling effect. The ADIB achieves an ultrahigh capacity of 730 mAh g−1 with an ultrasmall overpotential of 47 mV at 1 A g−1, which also exhibits excellent rate performance and long cycling stability with a capacity retention of 74% after 5000 cycles at a high current density of 5 A g−1. This work demonstrates the promise of developing organocatalysts for accelerating electrochemical processes, which remains a virtually unexplored area in electrocatalyst design for clean energy applications.
Mechano‐Bactericidal Activities of Orthopedic Implants with Nanostructured Surfaces: Recent Advances and Prospects
Authors: Wu Yuzheng , Liu Pei , Chu Paul K. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractOrthopedic surgery enables patients to regain the functions of lost or damaged bone tissues, but success is often compromised by highly prevalent surgery site infections (SSIs). To prevent SSIs and avoid superbugs, mechano‐bactericidal strategies are being developed to inactivate bacteria on nanostructured surfaces based on contact killing. The antibacterial mechanism of nanostructured surfaces stems from the physical force exerted on the bacterial membrane while imposing lower lethality on host cells. Owing to the bactericidal ability and biocompatibility, mechano‐bactericidal approaches have become desirable in designing antibacterial surfaces for orthopedic implants. In this review, the latest advances in mechano‐bactericidal strategies are described by discussing three commercial orthopedic materials approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration: titanium, magnesium, and polyether‐ether‐ketone. The recent developments and requirements of these three types of biomaterials are presented, and the feasibility and future directions of mechano‐bactericidal surfaces are discussed.