bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alcohol use, economic development and health burden: A conceptual framework
Authors: Rehm, Ph.D. Jürgen , Rovira Pol , Shield Kevin , Sornpaisarn Bundit , Thang Vo Van , Room Robin 
Published: February 2024

Economic development has been identified as an important influencing contributor to life expectancies: wealthier countries have lower mortality rates and different causes of death. Economic development also impacts alcohol consumption, as upper-middle and high-income countries, on average, have higher levels of consumption and less abstention. This often leads to a paradoxical situation whereby for low- and middle income countries increases in alcohol consumption are associated with decreases in alcohol-attributable mortality rates. These increases in consumption may diminish the benefits of economic development. Alcohol control policies can reduce the health and social burdens of increased alcohol use that result from economic development. Two case examples of Thailand and Vietnam which are presented. From 2010 to 2019 Thailand experienced a 3.7% increase in APC, a 9.8% decrease in all-cause mortality per 100,000 people, and a 1.4% decrease in alcohol-attributable mortality per 100,000 people. From 2010 to 2019 Vietnam experienced a 26.8% increase in APC, a 6.7% decrease in all-cause mortality per 100,000 people, and a 3.7% increase in alcohol-attributable mortality per 100,000 people. Due to a failure to implement strong alcohol control policies Vietnam has experienced an increase in alcohol-attributable mortality despite decreases in all-cause mortality. Accordingly, the implementation of alcohol control policies, can diminish the increases in alcohol use for low- and middle-income countries that accompany economic development.
Disaster Management Cycle
Authors: Bali Renu 
Published: February 2024

Last decade has been a decade (2000-2019) of some of the major disaster occurrences. Majority of these disasters were climate based. Between 2000-2019 there were 7348 major recorded disaster events worldwide as compared to 4212 between 1980-1999 These disasters claimed 12mn lives and affected more than 4.03 billion people (2000 – 2019). Asia suffered the highest number of disaster events due to size of the continents, its physiography and high density of population. In terms of affected countries globally, India with 321 events was third highest in terms of economic losses and loss of lives [1]. Widespread occurrences of disasters and heavy destruction in terms of loss of life and property and damage to ecosystems has highlighted the issue of understanding and managing the disasters effectively whether they are natural or caused by human neglect and interventions. Disaster management and overall development of a region should go simultaneously, in fact, development should include disaster management processes. Occurrence of disasters disrupt the process of development by causing damage to the developmental efforts which have taken long time to achieve. It often pushes the countries back by several decades. Thus, efficient management of disasters before their occurrence, rather than responding to them after the occurrence has, in recent times, received increased attention both within India and abroad.
Allelopathic Effects of Litchi chinensis on Mung bean and Soybean in Agroforestry System
Authors: Parvin Rozina , Bari Md Shafiqul , Rahman Md. Shoaibur , Sultana Rebeka , Muhammad Noor 
Published: February 2024

Background: A pot experiment was conducted to demonstrate the allelopathic effect of the litchi tree (Litchi chinensis) on two crops such as mung bean (Vigna radiata) and soybean (Glycine max). The experiment was conducted at the Agroforestry Research field of Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur, Bangladesh. Five treatments were applied in this experiment, and they are: T1 (topsoil at the base of litchi trees), T2 (soil in the root zone of litchi trees), T3 (soil mulched with dry litchi leaves), T4 (soil irrigated with aqueous litchi leaf extract) and T5 (control, i.e., fresh garden soil). A factorial randomized complete block (RCBD) design with four replicates was used in this experiment. There were 40 pots in total.
Results: The results of the study showed that all treatments in the experiment inhibited the germination and growth of both mung beans and soybeans compared to controls. The germination inhibition and growth parameters of mung bean and soybean varied according to soil collected from different plant parts and root zone locations of different trees. The allelopathic effect of litchi trees was in the following order: T3 (soil mulched with dry leaves) > T4 (soil irrigated with aqueous leaf extract) > T1 (topsoil at the base of the tree) > T2 (tree root zoon soil) > T5 (control).
Conclusions: Litchi leaves have a stronger allelopathic effect than litchi ground or root zone soil. Again, dried leaves have stronger allelopathic effects than green (fresh) leaves. Therefore, regular washing of dried leaves is very important for litchi-based agroforestry systems. On the other hand, between the two crops, soybeans were more suppressed than mung beans.
Emerging Parasites among Apparently Healthy School Aged Children in Adamawa State, Nigeria
Authors: Filgona J.  , Hamawa S. S.  
Published: February 2024

Aim: This study examines the prevalence of Fasciola hepatica, Paragonimus westermani and Schistosoma intercalatum among school aged children across the geopolitical zones in Adamawa state, Nigeria.
Study Design: A cross sectional study designed was used and the study was conducted between October 2019 – March 2020. The study population include school age children studying between 7 – 25 years, studying in government schools across the geopolitical zones in Adamawa state.
Methods: A total of 1500 primary and secondary school students from 15 local government areas were enrolled for this study, residual stool samples were collected from each participant and immediately preserved in 10% formalin before taking to the laboratory where it is processed using concentration techniques and observed under the microscope.
Results: A total of 0.80% % of the children were found to be positive for at least one of the three parasites, with Fasciola hepatica being the most prevalent 0.47%, followed by Schistosoma intercalatum 0.27% and Paragonomus westermani 0.07%. High prevalence of these emerging parasites was observed in the southern senatorial zone than central and none was reported from northern zone.
Conclusion: This study reported for the presence Paragonimus westermani and Schistosoma intercalatum for the first time in Adamawa state, highlighting the need for further and a robust study to unravel the epidemiology of these parasites as well as other helminths associated with human infection in the state. This is critical for the design of intervention strategies.
Performance of Clusterbean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.) Varieties under Different Temperature and Relative Humidity Profiles
Authors: Bharti Rahul Raj , Khichar M. L. , Godara Mohit , Neeraj  , Beniwal Gourav , Duhan Ritik , Jakhar Aman 
Published: February 2024

A study was performed at Department of Plant Pathology during year 2020, CCS Haryana Agricultural University to find the effect of different growing environments on temperature and humidity profile development, yield and its attributes in clusterbean crop. Three varieties of clusterbean varieties i.e. HG 365 (V1), HG 563 (V2) and HG 2-20 (V3) with each sown at three different dates of sowing i.e first (D1), third (D2) and fourth (D4) week of July in factorial randomized block design and replicated thrice. The diurnal range of temperature profiles at the emergence stage and flowering stage were higher in the crop sown in the first fortnight of July as compared to the second and third fortnights of July. Crops sown in the fourth week of July had a greater diurnal range of relative humidity profiles at the vegetative and pod formation stage while at flowering stage higher diurnal variation were present in first week of July sown crop. However, among different cultivars of clusterbean, no variation in temperature and humidity profile were observed. Significantly higher number of branches per plant, number of pods per plant, pod length, number of seeds per pod, harvesting index, grain and straw yield were found in D1 (first week of July) and V2 (HG 563) as compared to remaining dates of sowing and varieties, respectively.
Application of Propolis Extracts in Prevention of the Occurrence and Development of Phytophthora infestans in Ecological Agricultural Production of Tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum)
Authors: Atiković Asja , Imširović Emir , Salkić Besim , Đozić Imad , Hodžić Sedina 
Published: February 2024

Organic Agricultural Production is a special system of food production that exists in a rule-based, socially demanding, and environmentally constrained space within wider agriculture. It must meet social standards in key areas, such as sustainable use of natural resources, while minimally impacting local ecosystems throughout the growth cycle. The use of phytopharmaceutical substitutes is a core component, replacing conventional agriculture pesticides which have been shown to damage local ecosystems. In recent years, considerable research effort has been put into discovering alternative natural substitutes with pesticidal and antifungal properties.
The aim of this paper is to investigate the effects of propolis extracts on the growth and development of Phytopathological fungi, presenting an alternative to other phytopharmaceutical substitutes.
In this paper, the “American” tomato species are used throughout as it represents a common supermarket tomato variety. The following are the conclusions central to this paper: (1) preventative usage of alcoholic extracts controlls the likelihood of development of Phytophthora infestans and its subsequent growth while having a reduced environmental impact (2) a comparison of propolis extracts with other staple organic extracts found improvements in profitability, produce growth speed and energy requirement (3) produce yield was increased with the use of a propolis solution compared to other organic extracts, however, a combined alcoholic extract of propolis was found to have further benefits, specifically in the prevention and neutralization of aphids.
South African Government Functionality Assessment through the Eyes of Ordinary Citizens
Authors: Rasila Bernard Naledzani 
Published: February 2024

While there are promises of improving in areas such as creation of jobs, law enforcement, education and other fields by government representatives, it seems as if the targeted beneficiaries or citizens no longer believe in government interventions. They see the government deteriorating in general service delivery and many believe the government functionality in providing safety and better life to all citizens is compromised and in downward trajectory as this is even widely reported by South African media.
This qualitative study was intended to stipulate different works done by different government departments and agencies and use the beneficiaries accessible for participation to share their views in service delivery as received from specific agencies. In simple terms, this study focusses on understanding how ordinary citizens rate government delivery in general and how this is depicted by the media sources. In majority, the study is based on desk top data with limited observation and some face-to-face interviews. The study revealed that indeed there are levels of dissatisfaction from members of the community, and some believe the functionality of the government of South Africa is questionable. Some even compare the first ten years of the democratic South Africa ending up in 2004 to the rest and argue that things are going to worse situations in South Africa as they feel no longer protected and no longer gearing to the creation of better life. There are citizens who believe South Africa has become kakistocracy state as it seems unable to come with effective plans in many areas of service delivery. On the other hand, this provides media with multiple negative headlines.
Prevalence of Extraction of Primary Mandibular Second Molar in 3 to 5 Year Old Children
Authors: Rithanya. M  , Jeevanandan Ganesh 
Published: February 2024

Introduction: Tooth extraction is done based on a variety of reasons, the most common reason being the tooth becoming unrestorable as a result of dental caries, trauma to the tooth or periodontal disorder. The tooth indicated for extraction is usually associated with pain except in some cases where the tooth is removed for orthodontic treatment. Dental caries is a chronic disease of the tooth which is represented by demineralisation and destruction of the organic matter of the tooth. It is the most common cause of dental extraction. The aim of this study is to analyze the prevalence of extraction of primary mandibular second molars in children treated under general anesthesia from a private dental hospital.
Materials and method: This study is a single centered retrospective study in which the data was collected from a private dental college and hospital in Chennai, India. Patient details were collected from the hospital management system and a total of 47 samples were collected. The data was tabulated using Excel and then statistically analyzed using the latest version of SPSS software.
Results and discussion: Prevalence of extraction of primary mandibular second molar in 3 to 5 year old children wasstudied. The primary mandibular right second molar was found to be extracted the most. Also, primary mandibular second molar was extracted more in males and in the age group of 5.
Conclusion: In the study conducted, the primary mandibular right second molar was the most extracted tooth.
Improvement in Livelihood Security of Scheduled Caste Farmers through Integrated Farming System in Hassan District of Southern Karnataka, India
Authors: Madhuprasad V. L. , Harshitha D.  , Chavan Indhusri 
Published: February 2024

The study was conducted in the purposively selected Hassan district, a total sample of 223 respondents were purposively selected for the study. Data was collected by using pretested structured interview schedule and analyzed using appropriate statistical tools. The results revealed that, a majority of the respondents belonged to low category of education level, land holding, cropping pattern, livestock possession, innovativeness, mass media exposure and extension participation and then followed by medium category of cosmopoliteness, training undergone, willingness in agriculture and high category of social participation, level of aspiration and risk orientation. The Livelihood security of respondents in ‘highly satisfied category’ increased to 34.98 per cent from 23.77 per cent after implementation of the project. There was an improvement in livelihood security after the implementation of the project, out of seven dimensions, maximum increase was noticed in employment security (50.62%) followed by living amenities(49.86%),economic efficiency(40.89%),ecological security(39.82%), social equitability (35.56%),assets(35.37%)and coping strategies against stress (22.39%).Further, the characteristics such as land holding, cropping pattern, livestock possession, cosmopoliteness, innovativeness, mass media exposure, extension participation, level of aspiration, training undergone and willingness in agriculture had positive and significant relationship with livelihood security. The findings conveyed that six independent variables such as land holding, cropping pattern, innovativeness, extension participation, level of aspiration, training undergone had contributed significantly to livelihood security of farmers. The R2 value indicated that all the 13 independent variables had contributed to the tune of 64.40 per cent of variation in livelihood security of the respondents. The results pertaining to economic analysis indicated that BC ratio has been increased to 3.26 from 1.84 in crop improvement and livestock components after the implementation. Hence, the concerned development departments require to organize the demonstrations, trainings, field days, exposure visits etc., to educate the farmers about IFS. The positive and significantly related characteristics needs to be considered while selecting the farmers for the extension educational programmes in order to enhance their livelihood security.
Geomagnetic Storm Variation of Vertical Total Electron Content (VTEC) Over Some Euro-African Stations
Authors: Ugonabo Obiageli J. , Ugwu Ernest Benjamin Ikechukwu , Okpala Kingsley C. , Amanekwe Godsfavour C. 
Published: February 2024

Geomagnetic storms are events which have physical effects on some ionospheric parameters that, to some extent,affects the state and dynamics of the ionosphere with important implications on GNSS applications. Here, the total electron content (TEC) of Brussels (50.80oN, 04.37oE), Madrid (40.43oN, 04.25oW) and Irkutsk (52.22oN, 104.32oE), which are all mid-latitude European stations are compared with Libreville (00.35oN, 09.67oE) and Lusaka (15.43oS, 28.32oE) which are equatorial and low-latitude stations respectively. This study is done over two geomagnetic storms that took place in the solstice period of 2004. Deviations of storm time VTEC from solar quiet (Sq) averages are calculated, analysed and presented. Similarities and differences of storm effects are observed in the European stations with enhancements and depressions. Diurnal solar quiet day variations showed high VTEC during the post-noon hours for all the stations. The VTEC deviations during storm time at Libreville lie within, for Lusaka it is. For the mid-latitude European stations, the deviations are lower such that is recorded at Brussels while is recorded for both Irkutsk and Madrid. Enhancement of VTEC during the daytime storm period is attributable to the super-fountain effect caused by the prompt penetration electric fields (PPEFs) into the ionosphere and magnetosphere while low VTEC at night-time is attributed to the process of recombination. Understanding the behaviour of the ionosphere during geomagnetic storms is important and necessary for a better understanding of the applications of GNSS.
Crop Area Estimation,Landsat Data Analysis
Authors: Day Charles , Hanuschak George 
Published: October 2004

AbstractSince the early 1970s, the National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS) has developed and applied statistical procedures that use Landsat satellite data to significantly improve the precision of estimates from ground‐gathered data from a stratified area frame sample. These procedures fall into two major categories:(1)Gaussian multivariate clustering and classification, and(2)direct expansion and regression estimation. This article describes these procedures in detail.
Bootstrap
Authors: Datta Somnath 
Published: October 2004

AbstractBootstrap methods, also known as resampling, have become a major component of modern statistical tools. Since the seminal paper by Efron [18], a large body of literature has evolved covering theoretical, methodological, and application aspects of this technology. This article provides a rather brief description of Efron's original proposal and its various generalizations and extensions to more complex data structures.
Statistical Analysis ofDNAMicroarray Data
Authors: Datta Susmita 
Published: October 2004

AbstractModern microarray technology has revolutionized the state of biomedical research. With the advent of this technology, biologists can now observe the simultaneous expression profiles of thousands of genes in a single experiment. The large volume of data generated from these experiments has created a need for the development of appropriate statistical tools. Typically, such data sets contain high dimensional multivariate observations with few independent replications. We attempt to give a brief account of the developments of statistical methods in this fast growing area.
Categorical Data, Marginal Models for
Authors: Molenberghs Geert 
Published: October 2004

AbstractWe briefly review two building blocks (generalized linear models and linear mixed models) for models for repeated categorical data. Three families of models for repeated categorical data are introduced: marginal models, conditional models, and random‐effects models. A number of marginal models are presented for binary and for ordinal data in turn. Major differences between marginal models and conditional models (such as loglinear models) are discussed.
Photographic Recording
Authors: Szajewski Richard P. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractPhotographic recording of images encompasses the capture and storage steps of the imaging chain. Currently, both traditional silver halide films and silicon devices allow high‐quality images to be obtained. Factors influencing the sensitivity and quality performance of the imaging materials for recording images are reviewed with examples of applications to specific imaging tasks. The physical mechanisms applicable to imaging materials and design issues for films and sensor arrays involve compromises between high sensitivity and the ability to record sufficient information density for a high‐quality image. Appropriate imaging materials for holographic recording, the infrared region, and X ray are mentioned.
Speckle and Speckle Metrology
Authors: Joenathan Charles , Tiziani Hans J. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractSpeckles are a three‐dimensional self interference pattern formed by a large number of random coherent waves. This results in a granular structure in free space or can be observed to be superposed on the image of the object and sets a fundamental limitation in high‐resolution hologram microscopy and coherent imagery. Essentially, speckles are a randomly coded pattern that carries information about the object surface, and also has the rare distinction of being a nuisance and simultaneously a useful tool for measurement. Emergence of better measurement capabilities, newer recording media, faster computers and interfaces, and software has revitalized speckle metrology and has resulted in many fascinating new developments. Scores of books and review articles cover the myriads of applications and developments, and this chapter is intended to provide a concise and precise account of speckles starting from its infancy to the latest developments such as temporal speckle pattern interferometry or digital holography. Attractiveness of speckle methods lies in their ability to measure: large deformations, displacements with variable sensitivity to in‐plane and out‐of‐plane, displacement derivatives, shape of a three‐dimensional object, surface roughness, and dynamic displacement. Speckle techniques can nowadays be used to measure a wide range of displacement, sensitivities ranging from 0.25 µm to 150 µm for in‐plane and 0.05 to 150 µm for out‐of‐plane displacements and with shearing techniques to over a 1000 µm.
Polyacrylonitrile Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotube Composite Fibers (Adv. Mater. 2004, 1, 58)
Authors: Sreekumar T. V. , Liu T. , Min B. G. , Guo H. , Kumar S. , Hauge R. H. , Smalley R. E. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractTo view the original paper use http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adma.200305456.