bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative analysis of the mutagenic activity of oxaliplatin and cisplatin in the Hprt gene of CHO cells
Authors: Silva Maria J. , Costa Paula , Dias Anabela , Valente Marco , Louro Henriqueta , Boavida Maria G. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractOxaliplatin is a platinum‐derived antitumor drug that is active against cisplatin‐resistant tumors and has lower overall toxicity than does cisplatin. DNA adduct formation is believed to mediate the cytotoxic activity of both compounds; however, the adducts may also be responsible for mutagenic and secondary tumorigenic activities. In this study, we have compared the mutagenicity of oxaliplatin and cisplatin in the Hprt gene of CHO‐K1 cells. Both drugs produced dose‐related increases in mutant frequency. For 1‐hr treatments, oxaliplatin was less mutagenic than cisplatin at equimolar doses, while similar mutant frequencies were induced at equitoxic doses. Sequencing of mutant Hprt genes indicated that the mutation spectra of both oxaliplatin and cisplatin were significantly different from the spontaneous mutation spectrum (P = 0.014 and P = 0.008, respectively). A significant difference was also observed between the spectra of oxaliplatin‐ and cisplatin‐induced mutations (P = 0.033). Although G:C→T:A transversion was the most common mutation produced by both compounds, oxaliplatin produced higher frequencies of A:T→T:A transversion than did cisplatin, most commonly at nucleotide 307, and higher frequencies of small deletions/insertions. Also, cisplatin induced tandem base‐pair substitutions, mainly at positions 135/136, and a higher frequency of G:C→A:T transition than did oxaliplatin. These results provide the first evidence that oxaliplatin is mutagenic and that the profiles of cisplatin‐ and oxaliplatin‐induced mutations display not only similarities but also distinctive features relating to the type and sequence‐context preference for mutation. Environ. Mol. Mutagen., 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Contribution of BRCA1 and BRCA2 germ‐line mutations to the incidence of breast cancer in young women: Results from a prospective population‐based study in France
Authors: Bonadona Valerie , Sinilnikova Olga M. , Chopin Sandrine , Antoniou Antonis C. , Mignotte Hervé , Mathevet Patrice , Brémond Alain , Martin Alain , Bobin Jean‐Yves , Romestaing Pascale , Raudrant Daniel , Rudigoz René‐Charles , Léoné Mélanie , Chauvin Franck , Easton Douglas F. , Lenoir Gilbert M , Lasset Christine 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe prevalence of BRCA1/2 germ‐line mutations was assessed in a prospective population‐based series of early‐onset breast cancer (BC) patients in France, and the usefulness of a clinical assessment of hereditary BC risk, based on multiple criteria including pedigree structure, was evaluated. Through the Rhône region BC registry, 232 women diagnosed with BC before 46 years of age were included. They were tested for BRCA1/2 mutations an average of 10 months after diagnosis. All the women were classified according to their family history of cancer: high risk of hereditary breast cancer (HBC), low risk of HBC, isolated BC, and unknown HBC risk. Deleterious mutations were observed in 21 women (9.1%): 15 (6.5%) BRCA1 and 6 (2.6%) BRCA2. Mutations were more prevalent in women who developed BC before age 41 than in women who developed BC between ages 41 and 45 (12.8% versus 5.2%, respectively, P = 0.04). A high prevalence of BRCA1/2 mutations was found among women in the high‐risk category with particular family features (i.e., small family size, predominantly male pedigree, specific cancers; 23.5%) and among women with isolated BC before age 41 and with five or fewer close adult female relatives (16.6%). According to the 10% probability level recommended by the American Society of Clinical Oncology guidelines for genetic testing of cancer, BRCA1/2 mutation screening should be considered for all women diagnosed before age 41, except for those with isolated BC in a large pedigree including multiple unaffected female relatives. The clinical assessment of HBC risk that we have developed should help in the decision to perform genetic testing. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
ETV6 gene rearrangements in invasive breast carcinoma
Authors: Letessier Anne , Ginestier Christophe , Charafe‐Jauffret Emmanuelle , Cervera Nathalie , Adélaïde José , Gelsi‐Boyer Véronique , Ahomadegbe Jean‐Charles , Benard Jean , Jacquemier Jocelyne , Birnbaum Daniel , Chaffanet Max 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe ETV6/TEL gene encodes a transcription factor frequently rearranged in several types of cancer. We looked for ETV6 rearrangements in invasive breast cancer using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) of BAC probes on sections of tissue microarrays containing 632 tumor samples. Of these samples, signal of sufficient quality for screening by FISH was obtained for 356. Five cases (one lobular, one nontypical secretory, one mixed, and two ductal carcinomas) showed ETV6 rearrangement. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Progressive loss of the spongiotrophoblast layer of Birc6/Bruce mutants results in embryonic lethality
Authors: Hitz Christiane , Vogt‐Weisenhorn Daniela , Ruiz Patricia , Wurst Wolfgang , Floss Thomas 
Published: May 2005

AbstractWe have generated a mouse line with a mutant allele of the mouse Bruce/Birc6 gene induced by gene trap mutagenesis. Based on its structural features, Bruce is a member of the family of apoptosis inhibitor proteins (IAPs). This mutation leads to a truncated transcript and protein and results in a complete loss of the wildtype Bruce protein. Bruce mutant mice die from a progressive loss of their placental spongiotrophoblast layer between day 11.5 and 14.5 of embryonic development. The cause of the Bruce homozygous mutant phenotype is a lack of proliferation of spongiotrophoblast cells in the developing placenta. In contrast to in vitro data, which indicate a function for Bruce in apoptosis inhibition, the in vivo results presented here suggest instead a role for Bruce in cell division. genesis 42:91–103, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Deconstructing helicoplacoids: reinterpreting the most enigmatic Cambrian echinoderms
Authors: Sprinkle James , Wilbur Bryan C. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractHelicoplacoids, the most enigmatic group of Early Cambrian echinoderms, have a spirally plated, inverted pear‐ to spindle‐shaped theca with numerous interambulacral pleats and a long triradiate ambulacrum. They occur in western Laurentia along with the earliest edrioasteroids and epispire‐bearing eocrinoids(?), but unlike these other groups, helicoplacoids do not show pentameral symmetry around a centrally located, upward‐facing mouth. It is uncertain where the major body openings were located in helicoplacoids, where new plates were added during thecal growth, and whether helicoplacoids were primitive, pre‐pentameral, stem‐group echinoderms or derived, relatively specialized forms that had lost several ambulacra.We made highly modified, side‐layout, plating diagrams of different helicoplacoid species by cutting the theca apart half‐way between the spiraling ambulacra, leaving four to six interambulacral pleats on each side. This deconstructed thecal strip resulted in an elongate sigmoid‐shaped plating diagram with a long central single or paired ambulacrum that is interpreted as three ambulacral branches (A down, C and D up) around a central mouth on the side of the theca. The unrolled plating diagram resembles an elongate French curve drawing template with nearly parallel sides, a large or small sigmoidal top (where the theca is rounded and the interambulacral pleats converge), and an open deviated bottom, where the interambulacral pleats turn down to a truncated conical base. The two upward‐extending ambulacra are only one to two interambulacral pleats apart, which only slightly increases the plating strip width. New interambulacral plates are added at the summit and base, and interambulacral pleats rarely branch elsewhere. New floor and cover plates are added at the top and bottom distal ambulacral tips. If this plating model is correct, the anus (which has still not been identified) should be located near the thecal summit where the C and D ambulacra end, and all imperforate extraxial plating has apparently been lost from the theca.If upright, spirally pleated helicoplacoids with three ambulacra were derived from attached, domal or pyrgate, pentameral edrioasteroids, numerous changes must have occurred in the thecal shape, number of ambulacra, and interambulacral areas. These changes either occurred gradually in a sequence, or a single major change (spiralled body form?) caused all the others to rapidly follow. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Monitoring over‐winter soil water dynamics in a freezing and snow‐covered environment using a thermally insulated tensiometer
Authors: Iwata Yukiyoshi , Hirota Tomoyoshi 
Published: May 2005

AbstractWater potential below a frozen soil layer was continuously monitored over an entire winter period (using thermally insulated tensiometers sheltered in a heated chamber) along with other soil, snow and atmospheric variables. In early winter, the freezing front advanced under a thin snow cover, inducing upward soil water flow in the underlying unfrozen soil. The freezing front started to retreat when the snow cover became thick enough to insulate the soil, resulting in the reversal of the flow direction in the unfrozen zone. These data provide a clear illustration of soil water dynamics, which have rarely been monitored with a tensiometer. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of grid cell size and time step length on simulation results of the Limburg soil erosion model (LISEM)
Authors: Hessel Rudi 
Published: May 2005

AbstractWith increasing computer power, process‐based models that use grids to discretize space have become increasingly popular. For such models, the simulation results might depend on both grid cell size and, in the case of dynamic models, on the time step length used in the model. In this study, the dynamic Limburg soil erosion model (LISEM) was applied to a small catchment on the Chinese Loess Plateau. To study the effect of grid cell size and time step length, simulations were performed for grid cell sizes ranging from 5 to 100 m for a single time step length, and for time step lengths ranging from 2 to 120 s for a single grid cell size. The results show that the LISEM results vary considerably as a function of both grid cell size and time step length. For both increase in cell size and increasing time step length, the trend was a decrease in predicted discharge and predicted soil loss. For discharge, the most important causes are likely to be a decrease in slope with increasing grid cell size, rainfall averaging for longer time step lengths, and numerical dispersion of the kinematic wave solution. For soil loss, the cause is less clear, reflecting the complexity of soil loss prediction, which depends on available water, transport capacity and sediment redistribution, all of which change in time and space. These results show that a choice for a certain grid cell size and a certain time step length should be made before calibration of the model. Similar erosion models are likely to have similar dependencies on grid size and time step length. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Using recurrent neural networks to reconstruct rainfall‐runoff processes
Authors: Pan Tsung‐yi , Wang Ru‐yih 
Published: May 2005

AbstractMany novel techniques for reconstructing rainfall‐runoff processes require hydrometeorologic and geomorphologic information for modelling. However, certain information is not always measurable. In this paper, we employ a special recurrent neural network to reconstruct the rainfall‐runoff process by using collected rainfall data. In addition, we propose an indirect system identification to overcome the drawback of a traditional, time‐consuming trial‐and‐error search. The indirect system identification is an efficient method to recognize the structure of a recurrent neural network. The unit hydrograph can be derived directly from the weights of the network due to a state‐space form embedded in the recurrent neural network. This improves the link between the weights of the network and the physical concepts that most neural networks fail to connect.The case studies of 41 events from 1966 to 1997 have been implemented in Taiwan's Wu‐Tu watershed, where the runoff path‐lines are short and steep. Two recurrent neural networks and one state‐space model are utilized to simulate the rainfall‐runoff processes for comparison. The results are validated by four criteria: coefficient of efficiency; peak discharge error; time to peak arrival error; total discharge volume error. The resulting data from the recurrent neural network reveal that the neural network proposed herein is appropriate for hydrological systems. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modelling snowpack surface temperature in the Canadian Prairies using simplified heat flow models
Authors: Raj Singh Purushottam , Yew Gan Thian 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThree practical schemes for computing the snow surface temperature Ts, i.e. the force–restore method (FRM), the surface conductance method (SCM), and the Kondo and Yamazaki method (KYM), were assessed with respect to Ts retrieved from cloud‐free, NOAA‐AVHRR satellite data for three land‐cover types of the Paddle River basin of central Alberta. In terms of R2, the mean Ts, the t‐test and F‐test, the FRM generally simulated more accurate Ts than the SCM and KYM. The bias in simulated Ts is usually within several degrees Celsius of the NOAA‐AVHRR Ts for both the calibration and validation periods, but larger errors are encountered occasionally, especially when Ts is substantially above 0 °C. Results show that the simulated Ts of the FRM is more consistent than that of the SCM, which in turn was more consistent than that of the KYM. This is partly because the FRM considers two aspects of heat conduction into snow, a stationary‐mean diurnal (sinusoidal) temperature variation at the surface coupled to a near steady‐state ground heat flux, whereas the SCM assumes a near steady‐state, simple heat conduction, and other simplifying assumptions, and the KYM does not balance the snowpack heat fluxes by assuming the snowpack having a vertical temperature profile that is linear. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Annual and seasonal variability in evapotranspiration and water table at a shrub‐covered bog in southern Ontario, Canada
Authors: Lafleur Peter M. , Hember Robbie A. , Admiral Stuart W. , Roulet Nigel T. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractEvapotranspiration (ET) was measured via the eddy covariance technique at a shrub bog peatland in southeastern Ontario for 5 years. For most of the study period the temperature was above normal. Precipitation was variable, but, in 2 years, late summer dry periods resulted in an extended period of deep drawdown of the water table (WT). Growing‐season (May–September) daily ET varied considerably; maximum ET rates were 4 to 5 mm day−1. Winter ET rates were an order of magnitude smaller than in summer, yet the total winter ET loss was important, accounting for 23 to 30% of the annual ET water loss. Annual precipitation exceeded annual ET by 1·55 to 1·94 times.During the growing season, daily ET was closely related to daily potential evaporation (PET); however, the slope of this relationship was statistically different in some years. In contrast, ET and WT were only weakly related in most years. When ET was sorted into 5 cm WT classes there was no difference in mean ET across most WT classes; only the two deepest WT classes had significantly smaller mean ET. The ratio ET/PET followed the same pattern. We present a conceptual model of ET that relates WT, soil hydraulic properties and moss and vascular plant processes. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The effects of different input data and their spatial resolution on the results obtained from a conceptual nutrient emissions model: the River Stör case study
Authors: Venohr Markus , Behrendt Horst , Kluge Winfrid 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThis paper focuses on the influences of different data sources, and the variation in spatial resolution of input data and analysis, on the calculated nutrient emissions using the conceptual model MONERIS. MONERIS calculates both nitrogen and phosphorus emissions from point and diffuse sources and the riverine nutrient retention. By subtracting the retention from the emissions, a riverine nutrient load was estimated and compared with the observed nutrient river load. All calculations were conducted for the period from 1991 to 1993.The River Stör, with a catchment area of 1135 km2, located in a postglacial lowland landscape in northern Germany, was chosen as a case study area. Two different data sets (e.g. land use, soil type or wastewater treatment plant inventory) were used: a commonly available standard data set (German or European maps) and a more detailed set with a higher spatial resolution derived from several studies at the Ecosystem Research Centre in Kiel. Initially, both data sets were used to apply MONERIS to the total catchment. The results were compared to adapt some of the free model‐parameters to the conditions in the relatively small lowland river catchment.Using the standard data set, total nutrient emissions of 2320 tons year−1 of nitrogen and 96 tons year−1 phosphorus were calculated. The detailed data set yielded slightly higher emissions for nitrogen (2420 tons year−1) and for phosphorus (102 tons year−1). According to the spatial resolution, the proportion of the area of tile drainages and sandy soils derived from the different data sets varies considerably. This causes great differences in the total nutrient emissions estimated by the two approaches. Comparing the observed and the calculated nutrient loads, reliable results for catchments larger than 50 km2, or third‐order streams, could be shown. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Suspended sediment dynamics associated with snowmelt runoff in a small mountain stream of Lake Tahoe (Nevada)
Authors: Langlois Jacques L. , Johnson Dale W. , Mehuys Guy R. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe Lake Tahoe basin is experiencing an environmental decline that is partly due to sediment intakes from its tributaries. Many studies have estimated suspended sediment loads in these streams with a discrete sampling programme by collecting water samples and using a rating technique. However, the relationship between stream discharge and suspended sediment concentration (SSC) in these tributaries is known to differ during the rising and falling limbs of the snowmelt‐dominated hydrograph. Because of this hysteresis effect, sediment rating curves are poor predictors of suspended sediment dynamics in the stream. In this study, suspended sediment transport was investigated using a turbidity meter to provide a continuous record of sediment concentration during the snowmelt period. Hysteresis in suspended sediment transport was also investigated and is quantified with an H index, which is the ratio of the areas under the curve at different stages of the hydrograph. The temporal lag between the peak of SSC and the peak of stream discharge was quantified using cross‐correlation analysis. For almost all events, SSCs were higher during the rising limb of the hydrograph for a given discharge, with SSC peaks occurring before discharge peaks, resulting in clockwise hysteresis (H > 1). The H indices increased (looser hysteresis loop) as the availability of sediments increased and as the lag between peaks in SSC and discharge was larger. A restriction of the proposed H index was that it could only be computed when stream discharge increased by more than 30% during a melt event. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stochastic multiobjective optimization of reservoirs in parallel
Authors: Wang Y. C. , Yoshitani J. , Fukami K. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractA stochastic multiobjective optimization method for finding noninferior solutions of the operation problem of reservoirs in parallel is presented. This problem is characterized by a multiobjective optimization, a multireservoir system, and stochasticity of inflows, which represent three difficult aspects in reservoir system planning and operation. In this method, a constraint technique, decomposition iteration, and simulation analysis are employed conjunctively to deal with the three difficult aspects. The constraint technique is intended to transform the multiobjective optimization into a uniobjective one and the decomposition iteration in conjunction with the simulation analysis attempts to alleviate the dimensionality problem. The proposed methodology is applied to a reservoir system in the upper Tone River basin, which consists of three reservoirs in parallel and is operated primarily for three objectives: hydropower, water supply, and flood control. A total of 49 noninferior solutions for the reservoir system are obtained, from which the decision makers may be able to find the most satisfactory operating policy. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Long‐term trend analysis for precipitation in Asian Pacific FRIEND river basins
Authors: Xu Z. X. , Takeuchi K. , Ishidaira H. , Li J. Y. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractIn order to analyse the long‐term trend of precipitation in the Asian Pacific FRIEND region, records from 30 river basins to represent the large range of climatic and hydrological characteristics in the study area are selected. The long‐term trend in precipitation time series and its association with the southern oscillation index (SOI) series are investigated. Application of the nonparametric Mann–Kendall test for 30 precipitation time series has shown that only four of these 30 time series have a long‐term trend at the 5% level of significance. Nevertheless, most of the records tend to decrease over the last several decades. The dataset is further divided geographically into northern, middle, and southern zones, with 20°N and 20°S latitude as the dividing lines. The middle zone has the greatest variation and the southern zone the least variation over the past century. Also, the southern zone has greater variation during the past 30 years. The association between precipitation and SOI is investigated by dividing the precipitation records of each station into El Niño, La Niña, and neutral periods. The Wilcoxon rank‐sum test showed that differences in precipitation for the three classes were most marked in the southern zone of the study area. The frequencies of below‐ and above‐average precipitation for El Niño, La Niña, and neutral periods are estimated for the 30 precipitation time series as well. The results show that the frequencies of precipitation under each set of conditions, with lower precipitation generally associated with El Niño periods in the southern zone. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.