bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design of Grid-Connected Induction Generators for Wind Power Generation
Authors: Balamurugan K. , Slochanal S. Mary Raja , Vijayalakshmi N. 
Published: February 2005

The design of an induction machine for grid connected wind energy applications should be different from isolated wind electricity generation and motor applications. Commonly, standard induction machines are used as grid connected induction generators. However, such machines are designed for motor operation and have more reactive power consumption and greater no-load losses than necessary. This paper presents a design for an induction generator exclusively for grid connected applications by reducing both reactive power consumption and no-load losses. The theoretical performance of the proposed generator is compared with the conventional induction motor used as a generator. Evolutionary programming is used as a tool for design optimization of both generator and motor.
Potential of Autonomous/Off-Grid Hybrid Wind-Diesel Power System for Electrification of a Remote Settlement in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Shaahid S. M. , El-Amin I. , Rehman S. , Al-Shehri A. , Bakashwain J. , Ahmad F. 
Published: February 2005

In the present study, hourly mean wind-speed data recorded at Rafha, Saudi Arabia, have been analyzed for the potential of utilising autonomous hybrid (wind-diesel) power systems to meet the load requirements of a typical remote settlement, namely Rawdhat Bin Habbas, near Rafha and with a population of 10,000 and having an annual electrical energy demand of 13,200 MWh. The monthly average wind speeds range from 2.7 m/s to 4.2 m/s at 10 m height. The hybrid systems considered consist of different combinations of 1.3 MW commercial wind machines supplemented with diesel generators. National Renewable Energy Laboratory's (NREL's) HOMER software has been used to evaluate the potential of hybrid wind-diesel power systems. The study indicates that for a hybrid system consisting of 3.9 MW (three 1.3 MW wind machines, 50 m hub-height) wind farm capacity together with 4.5 MW diesel system (three 1.5 MW units), the simulated wind penetration is 24 %. The cost of electricity from this hybrid configuration is calculated to be 0.078 $/kWh (assuming a diesel fuel price of 0.1 $/litre). The results confirm that the number of operational hours of diesel generators in this wind-diesel system decreases with increase in wind farm capacity. Emphasised are: wind penetration, reducing excess energy production, un-met load, cost of energy, effect of hub-height on energy production, fuel-savings/reduction-in-carbon-emissions (relative to the diesel-only situation).
Effect of Surface Roughness on the Aerodynamic Characteristics of a Symmetrical Airfoil
Authors: Chakroun Walid , Al-Mesri Issa , Al-Fahad Sami 
Published: February 2005

The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of surface roughness by varying the roughness size and location on the aerodynamic characteristics of the airfoil. Tests were conducted on the symmetrical airfoil models NACA 0012 on which the nature of the surface was varied from smooth to very rough and at a chord Reynolds number of 1.5*105. Different airfoil models with various roughness sizes and roughness locations were tested for different angles of attack. Lift, drag and pressure coefficients were measured and velocity profiles were determined for the smooth and grit 36 roughened models. It is shown that as the surface roughness increases, the minimum drag also increases due to the increase of the skin friction and the lift decreases. Surface roughness is seen to delay the stall angle and also increase the lift in the stall region. The airfoil model with the roughness located at the trailing edge shows minimum drag and maximum lift up to the stall angle compared to the other cases of different roughness locations. It is confirmed that, for the rough surface, a turbulent boundary layer exists where the laminar boundary layer is encountered for the smooth surface at the same Reynolds number. The measured skin friction for the rough surface is larger than that for the smooth surface.
Microbial Arene Oxidations
Authors: Johnson Roy A. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe metabolism of organic molecules by living organisms is of fundamental interest to biologists, microbiologists, and biochemists. The primary avenue of metabolism in most living organisms is via oxidative pathways. The aromatic hydrocarbons (arenes) are subject to such oxidative degradation; their mammalian and microbial systems have been extensively studied. It is the capacity of certain microorganisms to convert by oxidation arenes into arenecis‐dihydrodiols that provide the foundation of this chapter. Arenes are subject to a variety of oxidations, but the expression “microbial arene oxidation” is used for the specific oxidation discussed here.The assignment of dihydrodiol configuration and the use of mutant strains of microorganisms laid the groundwork for the development of arene oxidation as a process useful to organic synthesis. Other advances discussed in this chapter led to the development of microbial arene oxidations that are suitable for organic synthesis. Attractive features include: the process is one of a very few that disrupts the aromatic system of arenes; the array of functional groups generated in the dihydrodiol products is useful; the process is highly enantioselective, affording pure enantiomerically pure products in most cases.For this chapter, the literature has been reviewed through 2001.
Species Composition and Seasonal Variations of the Gastropoda in Upper Sakarya River System (Turkey) in Relation to Water Quality
Authors: Çabuk Yeşim , Arslan Naime , Yılmaz Veysel 
Published: February 2005

AbstractSpecies composition, abundance, and seasonal distribution of the Gastropoda fauna and the physical and chemical variables of Upper Sakarya River System have been investigated between October 1998 and August 1999. Gastropod fauna in the Upper Sakarya River System was represented by 9 species of Prosobranchia and 7 species of Pulmonata. Diversity, dominance, and abundance of the Gastropoda species were recorded seasonally. The abundance of some of the 16 species was correlated positively with temperature, dissolved oxygen and negatively or positively with pH and nitrate. It was observed that Gyraulus albus (Müller, 1774), Physa acuta Draparnaud, 1805, Valvata pulchella Studer, 1820, and Oxyloma elegans (Risso, 1826) can tolerate a high level of NO‐N while V. piscinalis (Müller, 1774) spread out in unpolluted water.Although the species and their numbers change at the stations, the maximum numbers were found during autumn, while minimums were identified during the winter sampling. Gyraulus albus was the most widespread species in our research area. Only 5 species (Gyraulus albus, Physa acuta, Valvata cristata (Muller, 1774), Valvata pulchella, Melanopsis praemorsa costata (Olivier, 1804)) were determined each season. However, no Gastropoda were found at the station 3 that has high BOD, NO‐N, NO‐N, and NH3 levels.
Polyamide nanocomposites with improved toughness
Authors: Kelnar I. , Kotek J. , Kaprálková L. , Munteanu B. S. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractPolymer nanocomposites containing several percent of exfoliated layered silicates are materials with a unique weight/performance ratio. The only parameter that is not enhanced, but even decreased, is toughness. This work focused on the toughness enhancement of these advanced systems with polyamide matrix prepared via melt‐mixing (i.e., by a conventional method of polymer processing having an advantage of easy simultaneous addition of other components). Analogously to ternary polyamide blends with improved mechanical behavior, containing finely and separately dispersed elastomer and rigid polymer, elastomer particles with an average size of 60 nm were incorporated in the nanocomposite. The very low particle size was achieved by in situ reactive compatibilization by using suitably functionalized elastomers. The simultaneously increasing viscosity of the system enhanced exfoliation of the silicate. Melt exfoliated nanocomposites containing 3 wt % of clay and 5 wt % of elastomer particles exhibit increased toughness without significant loss of other properties. Elastomer particles increase toughness by both acting as stress concentrators (by initiating energy absorbing microdeformations) and influencing the clay‐induced matrix crystalline structure. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 96: 288–293, 2005
Physical aging behavior of 6F‐PEEK and m‐TPEEK studied by modulated differential scanning calorimetry
Authors: Hu Wei , Liu Baijun , Wu Weichun , Jiang Zhenhua , Zhang Wanjin , Wu Zhongwen , Toshihiko Matsumoto 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe aging behavior of two novel poly(ether ether ketone)s, 6F‐PEEK and m‐TPEEK, which were aged at 20°C below their glass transition temperatures, were studied by modulated differential scanning calorimetry (MDSC). The total, nonreversing heat flows and complex heat capacities of MDSC of the two kinds of materials were discussed. Similar total heat flows of MDSC to the ordinary DSC were achieved. They both grew in magnitude and moved to higher temperature as the aging time increased, which is associated with and characteristic of physical aging in heat flow. The complex specific heat capacity became sharper with aging time, which resulted in a higher Tmid. The relaxation time was calculated from the excess enthalpy. SAXS measurement added another proof that dense amorphous phase formed in the metastable glass resulted from the rearrangement of molecular segments during aging. The increasing speed of dense amorphous phase fraction XDAP of m‐TPEEK was bigger than that of 6F‐PEEK, which means the molecular segments of m‐TPEEK are quicker to form dense amorphous phase than that of 6F‐PEEK. This conclusion is consistent with their structures. The molecular chains of 6F‐PEEK with bigger pendant group are more difficult to rearrange than those of m‐TPEEK. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 96: 312–317, 2005
Classifying “Kinase Inhibitor‐Likeness” by Using Machine‐Learning Methods
Authors: Briem Hans , Günther Judith 
Published: February 2005

AbstractBy using an in‐house data set of small‐molecule structures, encoded by Ghose–Crippen parameters, several machine learning techniques were applied to distinguish between kinase inhibitors and other molecules with no reported activity on any protein kinase. All four approaches pursued—support‐vector machines (SVM), artificial neural networks (ANN), k nearest neighbor classification with GA‐optimized feature selection (GA/kNN), and recursive partitioning (RP)—proved capable of providing a reasonable discrimination. Nevertheless, substantial differences in performance among the methods were observed. For all techniques tested, the use of a consensus vote of the 13 different models derived improved the quality of the predictions in terms of accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 value. Support‐vector machines, followed by the GA/kNN combination, outperformed the other techniques when comparing the average of individual models. By using the respective majority votes, the prediction of neural networks yielded the highest F1 value, followed by SVMs.
CdSe/CdS/ZnS and CdSe/ZnSe/ZnS Core—Shell—Shell Nanocrystals.
Authors: Talapin Dmitri V. , Mekis Ivo , Goetzinger Stephan , Kornowski Andreas , Benson Oliver , Weller Horst 
Published: February 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Phase Equilibria in the HgSe—HgBr2—HgI2 System and Crystal Structure of Hg3Se2Br2 and Hg3Se2I2.
Authors: Minets Yu. V. , Voroshilov Yu. V. , Pan'ko V. V. , Khudolii V. A. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Practical Asymmetric Synthesis of β‐Hydroxy‐β‐trifluoromethylated Ketones via the First Example of the in situ Generation of Trifluoroacetaldehyde and Its Successive Asymmetric Carbon—Carbon Bond Formation Reaction with Chiral Imines.
Authors: Funabiki Kazumasa , Hashimoto Wataru , Matsui Masaki 
Published: February 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Unexpected Addition of Methyl 3,3,3‐Trifluoropyruvate to “Push‐Pull” Enamines Having a Methyl Group at α‐Position.
Authors: Volochnyuk Dmitriy M. , Kostyuk Aleksandr N. , Sibgatulin Dmitriy A. , Petrenko Aleksandr E. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
New Efficient Lipase from Yarrowia lipolytica for the Resolution of 2‐Bromo‐arylacetic Acid Esters.
Authors: Guieysse David , Sandoval Georgina , Faure Laeticia , Nicaud Jean‐Marc , Monsan Pierre , Marty Alain 
Published: February 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Solvent‐ and Catalyst‐Free Selective Mannich Reaction on Catechols and para Substituted Phenols: A Convenient Route to Catechol‐ and Phenol‐Iminodiacetic Acid Ligands
Authors: du Moulinet d'Hardemare Amaury , Jarjayes Olivier , Mortini Florent 
Published: February 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Organic Reactions in Ionic Liquids: A New Method for the Synthesis of Alkyl Aryl Sulfones by Alkylation of Sodium Arenesulfinates with Unactivated Alkyl Chlorides.
Authors: Hu Yi , Chen Zhen‐Chu , Le Zhang‐Gao , Zheng Qin‐Guo 
Published: February 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A Convenient Synthesis of Substituted 3‐Bromotetrahydrofurans from Homoallylic Alcohols.
Authors: Chirskaya Marina V. , Vasil'ev Andrei A. , Sergovskaya Natalia L. , Shorshnev Sergey V. , Sviridov Sergey I. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Heterocyclic Thiones and Their Analogues in Reactions of 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition. Part 3. Reaction of Benzothiazole‐2‐thione with a Double Excess of Nitrilimine.
Authors: Firsova O. V. , Dolgushina T. S. , Polukeev B. A. , Zavodnik V. E. , Stash A. I. , Bel'skii V. K. , Galishev V. A. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of 3,4‐Dihydrobenzo[g]isoquinolin‐1(2H)‐ones and 3,4‐Dihydroisoquinoline‐1(2H)‐ones via Intramolecular Electrophilic Cyclization.
Authors: Tsai Min‐Ruei , Hung Ta‐Chao , Chen Bo‐Fong , Cheng Chih‐Ching , Chang Nein‐Chen 
Published: February 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Concise Synthesis of Quinazoline Alkaloids, Luotonins A (IV) and B (V), and Rutaecarpine (VII).
Authors: Harayama Takashi , Hori Akihiro , Serban Georgeta , Morikami Yoshiaki , Matsumoto Takuya , Abe Hitoshi , Takeuchi Yasuo 
Published: February 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Absolute Stereostructures of Acylated Khellactone‐Type Coumarins from Angelica furcijuga.
Authors: Morikawa Toshio , Matsuda Hisashi , Ohgushi Teruki , Nishida Norihisa , Ishiwada Tomoko , Yoshikawa Masayuki 
Published: February 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Microstructural, Thermal, and Electrical Properties of Bi1.7V0.3Sr2Ca2Cu3 Ox Glass‐Ceramic Superconductor.
Authors: Kayed T. S. , Calinli N. , Aksu E. , Koralay H. , Guenen A. , Ercan I. , Aktuerk S. , Cavdar S. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of One‐Dimensional Bis‐Porphyrinic Compounds with a Transition Metal Complex as Bridging Unit
Authors: Chambron Jean‐Claude , Collin Jean‐Paul , Dixon Isabelle , Heitz Valerie , Salom‐Roig Xavier J. , Sauvage Jean‐Pierre 
Published: February 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Lamprey neurofilaments contain a previously unreported 50‐kDa protein
Authors: Jin Li‐Qing , Zhang Guixin , Selzer Michael E. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractWe have previously hypothesized that regeneration of axons after spinal cord injury in the lamprey may involve assembly and transport of neurofilaments (NFs) into the growing tip. A single NF, NF‐180, has been cloned in this laboratory and until now was thought to be the only NF subunit in lamprey nervous system. However, homopolymerization of NF‐180 has not been observed either in experiments on transfected cells or in self‐assembly tests in vitro. Forty‐three monoclonal antibodies designated as LCM series were generated previously against cytoskeletal proteins of the lamprey nervous system. Seven LCMs were NF specific, and five were keratin specific, as demonstrated by immunohistochemistry. In the present study, one antibody, LCM40, selectively labeled axons in immunohistochemical sections and recognized a single 50‐kDa protein in Western blots. Other neuron‐specific LCMs and anti‐NF antibodies, e.g., LCM39, recognized a known NF subunit, NF‐180. Two‐dimensional (2‐D) gel electrophoresis was employed to separate otherwise indistinguishable individual cytoskeletal proteins. Western blot analysis with an antibody (IFA) that selectively labels all known intermediate filaments indicated that this 50‐kDa protein is an intermediate filament (IF). The new protein was incorporated into IF polymers in vitro. Immunoelectron microscopy confirmed that neuronal IFs contain this novel protein. These results suggest that the 50‐kDa protein is a previously unrecognized neuronal IF subunit in the lamprey. J. Comp. Neurol. 483:403–414, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Performance of a possible Grid message infrastructure
Authors: Pallickara Shrideep , Fox Geoffrey , Uyar Ahmet , Liu Hongbin , Rao Xi , Walker David , Yildiz Beytullah 
Published: February 2005

AbstractIn this paper we present the results pertaining to the NaradaBrokering middleware infrastructure. NaradaBrokering is designed to run on a large network of cooperating broker nodes. NaradaBrokering capabilities include, among other things, support for a wide variety of transport protocols, Java Message Service compliance, support for routing JXTA interactions, support for audio/video conferencing applications and, finally, support for multiple constraint specification formats such as XPath, SQL and regular expression queries. This paper demonstrates the suitability of NaradaBrokering to a wide variety of applications and scenarios. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Performance technology for parallel and distributed component software
Authors: Malony A. , Shende S. , Trebon N. , Ray J. , Armstrong R. , Rasmussen C. , Sottile M. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThis work targets the emerging use of software component technology for high‐performance scientific parallel and distributed computing. While component software engineering will benefit the construction of complex science applications, its use presents several challenges to performance measurement, analysis, and optimization. The performance of a component application depends on the interaction (possibly nonlinear) of the composed component set. Furthermore, a component is a ‘binary unit of composition’ and the only information users have is the interface the component provides to the outside world. A performance engineering methodology and development approach is presented to address evaluation and optimization issues in high‐performance component environments. We describe a prototype implementation of a performance measurement infrastructure for the Common Component Architecture (CCA) system. A case study demonstrating the use of this technology for integrated measurement, monitoring, and optimization in CCA component‐based applications is given. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Web Service Grids: an evolutionary approach
Authors: Atkinson Malcolm , DeRoure David , Dunlop Alistair , Fox Geoffrey , Henderson Peter , Hey Tony , Paton Norman , Newhouse Steven , Parastatidis Savas , Trefethen Anne , Watson Paul , Webber Jim 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe U.K. e‐Science Programme is a £250 million, five‐year initiative which has funded over 100 projects. These application‐led projects are underpinned by an emerging set of core middleware services that allow the coordinated, collaborative use of distributed resources. This set of middleware services runs on top of the research network and beneath the applications we call the ‘Grid’. Grid middleware is currently in transition from pre‐Web Service versions to a new version based on Web Services. Unfortunately, only a very basic set of Web Services embodied in the Web Services Interoperability proposal, WS‐I, are agreed by most IT companies. IBM and others have submitted proposals for Web Services for Grids—the Web Services ResourceFramework and Web Services Notification specifications—to the OASIS organization for standardization. This process could take up to 12 months from March 2004 and the specifications are subject to debate and potentially significant changes. Since several significant U.K. e‐Science projects come to an end before the end of this process, the U.K. needs to develop a strategy that will protect the U.K.'s investment in Grid middleware by informing the Open Middleware Infrastructure Institute's (OMII) roadmap and U.K. middleware repository in Southampton. This paper sets out an evolutionary roadmap that will allow us to capture generic middleware components from projects in a form that will facilitate migration or interoperability with the emerging Grid Web Services standards and with ongoing OGSA developments. In this paper we therefore define a set of Web Services specifications, which we call ‘WS‐I+’ to reflect the fact that this is a larger set than currently accepted by WS‐I, that we believe will enable us to achieve the twin goals of capturing these components and facilitating migration to future standards. We believe that the extra Web Services specifications we have included in WS‐I+ are both helpful in building e‐Science Grids and likely to be widely accepted. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
WS‐GAF: a framework for building Grid applications using Web Services
Authors: Parastatidis Savas , Webber Jim , Watson Paul , Rischbeck Thomas 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThis paper presents the motivation and design decisions for the Web Services Grid Application Framework (WS‐GAF), which is a mapping of Grid architecture requirements onto the Web Services Architecture. The goal for WS‐GAF is to describe a framework for building Grid applications that adheres to the principles of service‐oriented architectures and utilizes existing Web Services technologies. The proposed solution addresses issues including stateful interactions, logical resource naming, metadata, and lifetime management. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Special Issue: Grids and Web Services for e‐Science
Authors: Hey Tony , Fox Geoffrey 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThis editorial describes four papers that summarize key Grid technology capabilities to support distributed e‐Science applications. These papers discuss the Condor system supporting computing communities, the OGSA‐DAI service interfaces for databases, the WS‐I+ Grid Service profile and finally WS‐GAF (the Web Service Grid Application Framework). We discuss the confluence of mainstream IT industry development and the very latest science and computer science research and urge the communities to reach consensus rapidly. Agreement on a set of core Web Service standards is essential to allow developers to build Grids and distributed business and science applications with some assurance that their investment will not be obviated by the changing Web Service frameworks. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.