bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Helicobacter pyloriand Gastric Cancer: What can be Learned by Studying the Response of Gastric Epithelial Cells to the Infection?
Authors: Mueller Anne , Falkow Stanley , Amieva Manuel R. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe development of gastric adenocarcinoma is closely linked to chronic infection with the bacterial pathogen Helicobacter pylori. One Helicobacter-specific virulence factor in particular, the CagA protein, has emerged as a main effector molecule in the interaction of H. pylori with gastric epithelial cells and has been implicated in gastric carcinogenesis. This review highlights the latest insights that have been gained into the pathogenesis of the disease by transcriptional profiling approaches studying gene expression in normal gastric tissue and gastric cancer tissue from human biopsy material as well as animal models of Helicobacter infection. The potential role of CagA as a bacterial oncoprotein is also discussed.
Polymorphism of the CD30 Promoter Microsatellite Repressive Element Is Associated with Development of Primary Cutaneous Lymphoproliferative Disorders
Authors: Franchina Maria , Kadin Marshall E. , Abraham Lawrence J. 
Published: September 2005

Abstract
Lymphomatoid papulosis is a preneoplastic cutaneous lymphoproliferative disorder characterized by overexpression of CD30, a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily. CD30 signaling is known to have an effect on the growth and survival of lymphoid cells. Therefore, we hypothesized that the development of lymphomatoid papulosis and progression to an associated neoplasm such as cutaneous and systemic anaplastic large cell lymphoma may reflect an underlying genetic defect. In this study, we determined that two allelic forms of the CD30 promoter microsatellite repressive element, designated 30M377 and 30M362, are associated with the development of lymphomatoid papulosis and CD30+ lymphomas in lymphomatoid papulosis patients, respectively. These findings suggest that allele-specific differences in the control of CD30 transcription may determine the pathogenesis of the spectrum of CD30+ cutaneous lymphoproliferative disorders.
Urinary Sucrose and Fructose as Biomarkers for Sugar Consumption
Authors: Tasevska Natasa , Runswick Shirley A. , McTaggart Alison , Bingham Sheila A. 
Published: September 2005

Abstract
The use of 24-hour urinary sucrose and fructose as potential biomarkers for sugars consumption was investigated in two studies of 21 healthy participants living in a volunteer suite where dietary intake was known and all specimens collected. The dose-response was assessed in 12 males using a randomized crossover design of three diets containing constant levels of 63, 143, and 264 g of sugars for 10 days each. Both sugars and sucrose intake were significantly correlated with the sum of sucrose and fructose concentration in urine (0.888; P &lt; 0.001). To assess effects with volunteers consuming their habitual varying diets, seven males and six females were fed their usual diet (assessed beforehand from four consecutive self-completed 7-day food diaries) for 30 days under controlled conditions in the volunteer suite. The mean (±SD) calculated total sugars intake was 202 ± 69 g/d, 41% from sucrose. Mean (±SD) urinary sucrose and fructose were 36.6 ± 16.6 and 61.8 ± 61.3 mg/d, respectively. The sum of sucrose and fructose in urine was significantly correlated with sugars (0.841; P &lt; 0.001) and sucrose intake (0.773; P = 0.002). In the regression, 200 g of sugars intake predicted ∼100 mg of sucrose and fructose in urine. The correlation between individual means of randomized 16 days of sugars intake and 8 days of sugars excretion data (as used in validation studies) remained as high as that obtained with the means of 30-day measurements and the regression estimates were very similar. Twenty-four–hour urinary sucrose and fructose could be grouped into a new category of biomarkers, predictive biomarkers, that can be used in studies determining the structure of dietary measurement error in free living individuals and to relate sugars intake to disease risk.
Spectral Markers in Preneoplastic Intestinal Mucosa: An Accurate Predictor of Tumor Risk in the MIN Mouse
Authors: Roy Hemant K. , Kim Young L. , Wali Ramesh K. , Liu Yang , Koetsier Jennifer , Kunte Dhananjay P. , Goldberg Michael J. , Backman Vadim 
Published: September 2005

AbstractBackground: We have reported recently that microarchitectural analysis of the histologically normal mucosa using a novel optics technology, four-dimensional elastic light scattering fingerprinting (ELF), provided unprecedented sensitivity for early detection of colon carcinogenesis. In the present study, we explored the ability of four-dimensional ELF to identify an inherited predisposition to colorectal cancer, an issue of considerable importance for optimizing population screening strategies.Methods: We used the MIN mouse, a model whose germ line adenomatous polyposis coli truncation leads to spontaneous intestinal tumorigenesis, thus replicating the human syndrome, familial adenomatous polyposis. Spectral markers were assessed by four-dimensional ELF analysis in MIN mice at preneoplastic time points and compared with age-matched controls (C57BL6 mice with wild-type adenomatous polyposis coli). To assess the responsiveness of spectral markers to chemopreventive agents, a subset of MIN mice was supplemented with celecoxib 1,500 ppm.Results: Spectral slope, fractal dimension, and principal component 3 were dramatically altered in the uninvolved MIN mouse mucosa at the earliest time points. Furthermore, alteration in spectral variables increased over time, consonant with the microarchitectural underpinnings of subsequent tumorigenesis. Additionally, these markers spatially correlated with future adenoma development (small intestine &gt; colon). Short-term treatment with the potent chemopreventive agent, celecoxib, resulted in near normalization of fractal dimension and principal component 3.Conclusions: We report, for the first time, that spectral markers, assayed by four-dimensional ELF, were able to sensitively identify a genetic predisposition for intestinal tumorigenesis before the occurrence of phenotypic manifestations. Moreover, the reversal of spectral markers by celecoxib treatment supports the neoplastic relevance.
Associations between Plasma Insulin-Like Growth Factor Proteins and C-Peptide and Quality of Life in Patients with Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Meyerhardt Jeffrey A. , Sloan Jeffrey A. , Sargent Daniel J. , Goldberg Richard M. , Pollak Michael , Morton Roscoe F. , Ramanathan Ramesh K. , Williamson Stephen K. , Findlay Brian P. , Fuchs Charles S. 
Published: September 2005

Abstract
Objective: Predictors of quality of life (QOL) in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer are lacking. The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) family of proteins is associated with QOL in noncancer populations. We sought to study whether these proteins are associated with QOL in patients with colorectal cancer.
Method: We used a cohort of 526 patients with metastatic colorectal cancer treated with combination chemotherapy. Plasma samples of IGF-I, IGF-II, IGF binding protein-3, and C-peptide were collected before initiation of chemotherapy. QOL was measured by the uniscale instrument and the Symptom Distress Scale at baseline and throughout treatment.
Results: Baseline plasma levels of IGF-I and IGF-II before initiation of chemotherapy were significantly associated with several important baseline QOL measures in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. Patients with lower levels of IGF-I reported increased distress with regard to appearance, appetite, cough, and nausea intensity after adjustment for potential confounders. Similarly, decreased levels of IGF-II were predictive of worse quality related to appearance, appetite, fatigue, nausea frequency and intensity, pain frequency, and composite Symptom Distress Scale score. IGF binding protein-3 and C-peptide were not predictive of baseline QOL. Baseline biomarkers were not associated with subsequent changes in QOL during treatment. Higher body mass index was significantly associated with superior baseline QOL in several areas; nonetheless, the association of IGF-I and IGF-II with baseline QOL measures remained significant even after controlling for baseline body mass index.
Conclusion: Baseline plasma IGF-I and IGF-II are significantly associated with symptom distress. Whether this association is simply reflective of patient nutritional status and/or disease burden or represents an independent biological effect of IGFs on QOL remains uncertain. Nonetheless, these data suggest that molecular biomarkers may be useful predictors of QOL in cancer patients.
Is the Association with Fiber from Foods in Colorectal Cancer Confounded by Folate Intake?
Authors: Bingham Sheila A. , Norat Teresa , Moskal Aurelie , Ferrari Pietro , Slimani Nadia , Clavel-Chapelon Françoise , Kesse Emmanuelle , Nieters Alexandra , Boeing Heiner , Tjønneland Anne , Overvad Kim , Martinez Carmen , Dorronsoro Miren , González Carlos A. , Ardanaz Eva , Navarro Carmen , Quirós José R. , Key Timothy J. , Day Nicholas E. , Trichopoulou Antonia , Naska Androniki , Krogh Vittorio , Tumino Rosario , Palli Domenico , Panico Salvatore , Vineis Paolo , Bueno-de-Mesquita H.B. , Ocké Marga C. , Peeters Petra H.M. , Berglund Göran , Hallmans Göran , Lund Eiliv , Skeie Guri , Kaaks Rudolf , Riboli Elio 
Published: September 2005

Abstract
The effect of multivariate adjustment including folate on the strong protective effect of fiber in foods on colorectal cancer risk in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition was investigated in 1,721 cases identified in the latest follow-up. The inclusion of an additional 656 cases confirmed our previously published results, with a strong and significant reduction in colorectal cancer risk of ∼9% for each uncalibrated quintile increase in fiber (Plinear trend &lt; 0.001) compared with an 8% reduction in our previous report, which had not been adjusted for folate. Inclusion of the other covariates (physical activity, alcohol, smoking, and red and processed meat) confirmed this significant inverse association for colon cancer and strengthened the association with left-sided colon cancer (P &lt; 0.001). After maximum adjustment, the association between fiber and rectal cancer was not significant, as in our previous analysis. The association with fiber from different food sources was analyzed, but again, there were no significance trends after maximum adjustment.
A Molecular Epidemiology Case Control Study on Pleural Malignant Mesothelioma
Authors: Bolognesi Claudia , Martini Fernanda , Tognon Mauro , Filiberti Rosa , Neri Monica , Perrone Emanuela , Landini Eleonora , Canessa Paolo A. , Ivaldi Gian Paolo , Betta Pietro , Mutti Luciano , Puntoni Riccardo 
Published: September 2005

Abstract
Pleural malignant mesothelioma is an uncommon neoplasm usually associated with asbestos exposure. The increasing incidence of malignant mesothelioma cases involving individuals with low levels of asbestos exposure suggests a complex carcinogenetic process with the involvement of other cofactors. Cytogenetic studies revealed the complexity of the genetic changes involved in this neoplasm reflecting the accumulation of genomic damage. One of the most used methodologies for assessing genomic damage is the cytokinesis-blocked micronucleus test applied in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL). This approach allows the detection of chromosomal alterations expressed in binucleated cells after nuclear division in vitro. This marker could provide a tool for assessing genetically determined constitutional differences in chromosomal instability. A biomonitoring study was carried out to evaluate the micronuclei frequency in PBLs of patients with pleural malignant mesothelioma with respect to lung cancer, healthy, and risk controls as a marker of cancer susceptibility in correlation with the presence of SV40. A significant increased micronuclei frequency was observed in patients with malignant mesothelioma in comparison with all the other groups, the mean micronuclei frequency was double in patients with malignant mesothelioma compared with healthy controls, risk controls, and patients with lung adenocarcinoma (median 11.4 binucleated cells with micronuclei/1,000 binucleated cells versus 6.2, 6.1, and 5.1, respectively). Our data indicate that human T lymphocyte samples carry DNA sequences coding for SV40 large T antigen at low prevalence, both in cancer cases and controls. Evidence of cytogenetic damage revealed as micronuclei frequency in mesothelioma cancer patients could be related to exogenous and endogenous cofactors besides asbestos exposure.
Total Cholesterol and Body Mass Index in Relation to 40-Year Cancer Mortality (The Corfu Cohort of the Seven Countries Study)
Authors: Panagiotakos Demosthenes B. , Pitsavos Christos , Polychronopoulos Evangelos , Chrysohoou Christina , Menotti Alessandro , Dontas Anastasios , Stefanadis Christodoulos 
Published: September 2005

Abstract
Purpose: We evaluated risk factors of cancer mortality based on a 40-year follow-up of the Corfu cohort (Seven Countries Study).
Material and Methods: The population studied in this analysis consisted of 529 rural men (49 ± 6 years old) enrolled in 1961. Since then, periodic visits every 5 years were made to define the causes of death of the participants. Cox proportional hazards models evaluated various risk factors in relation to cancer mortality.
Results: The death rate at the end of the follow-up was 87.1% (i.e., 461 deaths in 529 participants). Of those deaths, 118 (25.6%) were because of cancer (30 deaths were due to cancer of trachea, bronchus, and lung, and the rest were due to other malignant neoplasms). Cancer was the second cause of death in this cohort, after coronary heart disease. Age (hazard ratio, 1.05 per year; P &lt; 0.05), smoking (hazard ratio, 1.97; P &lt; 0.01), total serum cholesterol levels (hazard ratio, 0.95 per 10 mg/dL; P &lt; 0.05), and body mass index (hazard ratio, 0.93 per 1 kg/m2; P &lt; 0.05) showed a significant association with cancer deaths after controlling for physical activity status and anthropometric indices. It should be noted that the protective effect of total cholesterol on cancer mortality was observed only between 183 and 218 mg/dL baseline levels.
Conclusion: Cancer was one of the leading causes of death in this cohort. Smoking was associated with increased risk of cancer, whereas moderate total serum cholesterol and increased body and mass index seemed to have a protective effect on 40-year cancer mortality.
Association of Vegetable Intake with Urinary 6-Sulfatoxymelatonin Level
Authors: Nagata Chisato , Nagao Yasuko , Shibuya Chiken , Kashiki Yoshitomo , Shimizu Hiroyuki 
Published: September 2005

Abstract
Melatonin is present in plants consumed as vegetables; however, only a limited number of vegetables have been tested for melatonin. The antiproliferative, antioxidative, and immunostimulatory effects of melatonin have been reported from laboratory studies. The potential protective effects of vegetable against cancer and cardiovascular disease may be partially attributable to an increased melatonin intake from vegetables. As a first step to test this hypothesis, we evaluated whether vegetable intake is associated with an increased urinary melatonin in 289 community-dwelling Japanese women. Diet, including vegetable consumption, was assessed with a validated 169-item semiquantitative food-frequency questionnaire. Urinary 6-sulfatoxymelatonin (aMT6-s) was measured in the first-void morning urines. There was a significant positive association between vegetable intake and urinary aMT6-s levels. The mean urinary aMT6-s was 16% higher in women with the highest quartile of vegetable intake than it was in those with the lowest quartile of intake. This association may be explained by the melatonin contained in vegetables. However, data should be regarded as preliminary because it is impossible to estimate dietary melatonin intake from vegetables and or from the entire diet because of incomplete data for melatonin in plants.
Role of Dietary Factors in the Development of Basal Cell Cancer and Squamous Cell Cancer of the Skin
Authors: McNaughton Sarah A. , Marks Geoffrey C. , Green Adele C. 
Published: September 2005

Abstract
The role of dietary factors in the development of skin cancer has been investigated for many years; however, the results of epidemiologic studies have not been systematically reviewed. This article reviews human studies of basal cell cancer (BCC) and squamous cell cancer (SCC) and includes all studies identified in the published scientific literature investigating dietary exposure to fats, retinol, carotenoids, vitamin E, vitamin C, and selenium. A total of 26 studies were critically reviewed according to study design and quality of the epidemiologic evidence. Overall, the evidence suggests a positive relationship between fat intake and BCC and SCC, an inconsistent association for retinol, and little relation between β-carotene and BCC or SCC development. There is insufficient evidence on which to make a judgment about an association of other carotenoids with skin cancer. The evidence for associations between vitamin E, vitamin C, and selenium and both BCC and SCC is weak. Many of the existing studies contain limitations, however, and further well-designed and implemented studies are required to clarify the role of diet in skin cancer. Additionally, the role of other dietary factors, such as flavonoids and other polyphenols, which have been implicated in skin cancer development in animal models, needs to be investigated.
Obesity and Outcomes in Premenopausal and Postmenopausal Breast Cancer
Authors: Loi Sherene , Milne Roger L. , Friedlander Michael L. , McCredie Margaret R.E. , Giles Graham G. , Hopper John L. , Phillips Kelly-Anne 
Published: September 2005

Abstract
Purpose: Obesity is associated with adverse outcomes in postmenopausal women with breast cancer. In premenopausal women, the association is less clear.
Methods: A population-based sample of 1,360 Australian women with breast cancer before the age of 60 years, 47% diagnosed before age 40, and 74% premenopausal, was studied prospectively for a median of 5 years (range, 0.2-10.8 years). Obesity was defined as a body mass index of ≥30 kg/m2. The hazard ratio (HR) for adverse clinical outcome associated with obesity was estimated using Cox proportional hazard survival models.
Results: Obesity increased with age (P &lt; 0.001) and was associated with increased breast cancer recurrence (P = 0.02) and death (P = 0.06), larger tumors (P = 0.002), and more involved axillary nodes (P = 0.003) but not with hormone receptor status (P ≥ 0.6) or with first cycle adjuvant chemotherapy dose reductions (P = 0.1). Adjusting for number of axillary nodes, age at diagnosis, tumor size, grade, and hormone receptor status, obese women of all ages were more likely than nonobese women to have disease recurrence [HR, 1.57; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 1.11-2.22; P = 0.02] and to die from any cause during follow-up (HR, 1.56; 95% CI, 1.01-2.40; P = 0.05). In premenopausal women, the adjusted HRs were 1.50 (95% CI, 1.00-2.26; P = 0.06) and 1.71 (95% CI, 1.05-2.77; P = 0.04), respectively.
Conclusions: Obesity is independently associated with poorer outcomes in premenopausal women, as it is in postmenopausal women, and this is not entirely explained by differences in tumor size or nodal status. Given the high and increasing prevalence of obesity in western countries, more research on improving the treatment of obese breast cancer patients is warranted.
Genetic Polymorphisms of the Transforming Growth Factor-β1 Gene and Breast Cancer Risk: A Possible Dual Role at Different Cancer Stages
Authors: Shin Aesun , Shu Xiao-Ou , Cai Qiuyin , Gao Yu-Tang , Zheng Wei 
Published: September 2005

Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) inhibits the proliferation of carcinomas in early stages of breast cancer, whereas it promotes tumor growth and metastasis in later stages of cancer. We evaluated a possible association between TGF-β1 gene polymorphisms and breast cancer risk in a population-based case-control study of Chinese women living in Shanghai, which included 1,127 breast cancer cases and 1,228 population controls. Two polymorphisms, C-509T and T+29C, were in strong linkage disequilibrium. There were no overall differences in the genotype distribution of T+29C polymorphisms of the TGF-β1 gene among cases and controls. However, the distribution of the high-activity C allele of T+29C polymorphisms differed by cancer stages (Ptrend = 0.02). This allele was associated with decreased risk of early-stage breast cancer [stages 0 and I; odds ratio (OR), 0.73; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 0.54-0.99], and the OR was further reduced to 0.66 (95% CI, 0.45-0.96) for those homozygous for this allele (Ptrend = 0.03). On the other hand, the same allele was associated with nonsignificantly increased risk of breast cancer with advanced stages III and IV (OR, 1.33; 95% CI, 0.81-2.18), which differed significantly from that observed for early-stage cancer (P = 0.04). This result suggests a possible dual effect of TGF-β1 shown by in vitro experiments and provides an explanation for some of the inconsistent findings from previous epidemiologic studies that did not evaluate this association by cancer stage.
Maternal Diet and Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in Young Children
Authors: Petridou Eleni , Ntouvelis Evangelos , Dessypris Nick , Terzidis Agapios , Trichopoulos Dimitrios ,   the Childhood Hematology-Oncology Group
Published: September 2005

AbstractBecause leukemia clone-specific chromosomal abnormalities are present at birth in children who later develop leukemia, it has been hypothesized that maternal factors, including nutrition during pregnancy, might affect the risk of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) among young children. We have evaluated this hypothesis in a nationwide case-control study of ALL among children ages 12 to 59 months in Greece. Children (n = 131) with ALL were gender and age matched to control children (n = 131) hospitalized for minor conditions between 1999 and 2003. The mothers of the children were interviewed in person by trained interviewers who used an extensive food frequency questionnaire addressing diet during the index pregnancy. The analysis was done by modeling the data through conditional logistic regression, also controlling for total energy intake and possible confounding factors. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were expressed per quintile increase of maternal intake during pregnancy of the specified food group. The risk of ALL in the offspring was lower with increased maternal intake of fruits (OR, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.57-0.91), vegetables (OR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.60-0.95), and fish and seafood (OR, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.59-0.89) and higher with increased maternal intake of sugars and syrups (OR, 1.32; 95% CI, 1.05-1.67) and meat and meat products (OR, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.00-1.57). Children of women who tend to consume during their pregnancies what is currently considered to be a healthy diet maybe at lower risk of ALL.