bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disinhibition of stereotyping: context, prejudice, and target characteristics
Authors: Kawakami Kerry , Spears Russell , Dovidio John F. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe present research examined the moderating influences of individual differences in sexism on the application of gender stereotypes to stereotypic versus nonstereotypic targets as a function of contexts that induced sex stereotypic or counterstereotypic responses. Specifically, participants first received an attribution task in which they were induced to explain a variety of gender relevant situations in gender stereotypic or nonstereotypic ways. Participants were then presented with an ostensibly unrelated person judgment task in which they were asked to judge two women who acted either ambiguously stereotypically or nonstereotypically. The initial opportunity to express stereotypes without censure accentuated stereotype application, but only for highly prejudiced participants rating a woman who acted in an ambiguously stereotypical (i.e. unassertive) manner. We consider the implications of these findings for processes of stereotype disinhibition, and the moderating influences of individual differences in prejudice, target characteristics, and local norms. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Asymmetrical international attitudes
Authors: Van Oudenhoven Jan Pieter , Askevis‐Leherpeux Françoise , Hannover Bettina , Jaarsma Renske , Dardenne Benoît 
Published: October 2002

AbstractIn general, attitudes towards nations have a fair amount of reciprocity: nations either like each other, are relatively indifferent to each other, or dislike each other. Sometimes, however, international attitudes are asymmetrical. In this study, we use social identity theory in order to explain asymmetrical attitudes. Parting from social identity theory, asymmetrical attitudes can be predicted to occur most likely between countries that are linguistically either similar or closely related, but differ in size. Europe, more than any other continent, offers a rich variety of nations which represent natural conditions for our study, such as size and degree of linguistic similarity. In order to test hypotheses derived from social identity theory, we asked respondents (N = 405) from (Dutch‐ and French‐speaking) Belgium, France, Germany, and The Netherlands to fill out a questionnaire on three large nations (Germany, Great Britain, France) and three smaller ones (The Netherlands, Belgium, and Denmark). Results strongly supported hypotheses and confirm that a social identity approach may help to better understand international attitudes. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mutagenicity of γ‐radiation, mitomycin C, and etoposide in the Hprt and Tk genes of Tk+/− mice†
Authors: Dobrovolsky Vasily N. , Shaddock Joseph G. , Heflich Robert H. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe recently developed Tk+/− mouse detects in vivo somatic cell mutation in the endogenous, autosomal Tk gene. To evaluate the sensitivity of this model, we have treated Tk+/− mice with three agents that induce DNA damage by different mechanisms, and determined spleen lymphocyte mutant frequencies (MFs) in the autosomal Tk gene and in the X‐linked Hprt gene. γ‐Radiation, which produces single‐ and double‐strand breaks by nonspecific oxidative stress, efficiently increased Hprt MF, but not Tk MF. Mitomycin C, which produces bulky DNA monoadducts and crosslinks, was mutagenic in both the Hprt and Tk genes, but the response was greater in the Tk gene. An inhibitor of the ligase function of DNA topoisomerase II, etoposide, did not increase Hprt MF, and induced a small, but nonsignificant increase in Tk MF. Combined with previous data, the results indicate that the two genes are differentially sensitive to many agents, and that the Tk gene is more sensitive than the Hprt gene to some, but not all types of DNA damage. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 39:342–347, 2002. Published 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dietary folate deficiency enhances induction of micronuclei by arsenic in mice†
Authors: McDorman Elena W. , Collins Barbara W. , Allen James W. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractFolate deficiency increases background levels of DNA damage and can enhance the genotoxicity of chemical agents. Arsenic, a known human carcinogen present in drinking water supplies around the world, induces chromosomal and DNA damage. The effect of dietary folate deficiency on arsenic genotoxicity was evaluated using a mouse peripheral blood micronucleus (MN) assay. In duplicate experiments, male C57Bl/6J mice were fed folate‐deficient or folate‐sufficient diets for 7 weeks. During week 7, mice on each diet were given four consecutive daily doses of sodium arsenite (0, 2.5, 5, or 10 mg/kg) via oral gavage. Over the course of the study the folate‐deficient diet produced an approximate 60% depletion of red blood cell folate. Folate deficiency by itself was associated with small but significant increases in MN in normochromatic erythrocytes (NCEs) and polychromatic erythrocytes (PCEs). Arsenic exposure was associated with significant increases in MN‐PCEs in both folate‐deficient and folate‐sufficient mice. MN‐PCE frequencies at the 10 mg/kg dose of arsenic were increased 4.5‐fold over vehicle control in folate‐deficient mice and 2.1‐fold over control in folate‐sufficient mice. At the 5 and 10 mg/kg doses of arsenic, MN‐PCE levels were significantly higher (1.3‐fold and 2.4‐fold, respectively) in folate‐deficient mice compared to folate‐sufficient mice. Very few MN from either control or treated animals in either experiment exhibited kinetochore immunostaining, suggesting that the MN were derived from chromosome breakage rather than from whole chromosome loss. These results indicate that folate deficiency enhances arsenic‐induced clastogenesis at doses of 5 mg/kg and higher. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 40:71–77, 2002. Published 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Multi‐step forecasting for nonlinear models of high frequency ground ozone data: a Monte Carlo approach
Authors: Fassò Alessandro , Negri Ilia 
Published: October 2002

AbstractMulti‐step prediction using high frequency environmental data is considered. The complex dynamics of ground ozone often requires models involving covariates, multiple frequency periodicities, long memory, nonlinearity and heteroscedasticity. For these reasons parametric models, which include seasonal fractionally integrated components, self‐exciting threshold autoregressive components, covariates and autoregressive conditionally heteroscedastic errors with heavy tails, have been recently introduced. Here, to obtain anhstep ahead forecast for these models we use a Monte Carlo approach. The performance of the forecast is evaluated on different nonlinear models comparing some statistical indices with respect to the prediction horizon. As an application of this method, the forecast precision of a 2 year hourly ozone data set coming from an air traffic pollution station located in Bergamo, Italy, is analyzed. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Multi‐objective optimal design of FLC driven hybrid mass damper for seismically excited structures
Authors: Ahlawat A. S. , Ramaswamy A. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractStructural vibration control using active or passive control strategy is a viable technology for enhancing structural functionality and safety against natural hazards such as strong earthquakes and high wind gusts. Both the active and passive control systems have their limitations. The passive control system has limited capability to control the structural response whereas the active control system depends on external power. The power requirement for active control of civil engineering structures is usually quite high. Thus, a hybrid control system is a viable solution to alleviate some of the limitations. In this paper a multi‐objective optimal design of a hybrid control system for seismically excited building structures has been proposed. A tuned mass damper (TMD) and an active mass driver (AMD) have been used as the passive and active control components of the hybrid control system, respectively. A fuzzy logic controller (FLC) has been used to drive the AMD as the FLC has inherent robustness and ability to handle the non‐linearities and uncertainties. The genetic algorithm has been used for the optimization of the control system. Peak acceleration and displacement responses non‐dimensionalized with respect to the uncontrolled peak acceleration and displacement responses, respectively, have been used as the two objectives of the multi‐objective optimization problem. The proposed design approach for an optimum hybrid mass damper (HMD) system, driven by FLC has been demonstrated with the help of a numerical example. It is shown that the optimum values of the design parameters of the hybrid control system can be determined without specifying the modes to be controlled. The proposed FLC driven HMD has been found to be very effective for vibration control of seismically excited buildings in comparison with the available results for the same example structure but with a different optimal absorber. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Plasticity‐fibre model for steel triangular plate energy dissipating devices
Authors: Chou Chung‐Che , Tsai Keh‐Chyuan 
Published: October 2002

AbstractProperly fabricated triangular‐plate added damping and stiffness (TADAS) devices can sustain a large number of yield reversals without strength degradation, thereby dissipating a significant amount of earthquake‐induced energy. A pronounced isotropic‐hardening effect is recognized in the force‐deformation relationships of the TADAS devices made from two grades of low yield strength steel. The proposed plasticity‐fibre model employing two surfaces (a yield surface and a bounding surface) in plasticity theory accurately predicts the experimental responses of the TADAS devices. This model is also implemented into a computer program DRAIN2D+ to investigate a frame response with the TADAS devices. Substructure pseudo‐dynamic tests and analytical studies of a two‐storey steel frame constructed with the low yield strength steel, LYP‐100 or LYP‐235 grade, TADAS devices confirm that the dynamic structural response can only be predicted if the proposed plasticity‐fibre model is used for LYP‐100 steel TADAS device. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quantifying recent erosion and sediment delivery using probability sampling: a case study
Authors: Lewis Jack 
Published: October 2002

AbstractEstimates of erosion and sediment delivery have often relied on measurements from locations that were selected to be representative of particular terrain types. Such judgement samples are likely to overestimate or underestimate the mean of the quantity of interest. Probability sampling can eliminate the bias due to sample selection, and it permits the explicit expression of uncertainty with estimates of variance and confidence intervals. In this case study of the Van Duzen River Basin of northwestern California, erosion and sediment delivery originating after 1955 were estimated using a ratio estimator for air‐photo‐identifiable features greater than 3800 m3and a stratified random sample (STRS) of field plots to quantify smaller erosion features. A method is also illustrated for estimating the variance of the ratio of two STRS estimates. Variance estimation permits one to partition the uncertainty associated with different kinds of erosion measurements. The most reliable estimates were obtained from discrete hillslope features, while earthflow yield estimates had extremely high variance. The variance estimates presented can be used to determine sample sizes and allocations required to meet the objectives of future investigations in similar terrain types. Published in 2002 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Treating marijuana dependence in adults: A multisite, randomized clinical trial
Authors: Babor Thomas F. , Steinberg Karen L. , McRee Bonnie , Vendetti Janice , Carroll Kathleen M. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThis chapter describes methodological and logistical issues associated with the design, development, and management of the Marijuana Treatment Project, a multisite, randomized clinical trial investigating the effectiveness of brief interventions for individuals who are dependent on marijuana.
Note: measuring the effective heats of combustion of transformer‐insulating fluids using a controlled‐atmosphere cone calorimeter
Authors: Hshieh Fu‐Yu , Beeson Harold D. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe effective heats of combustion of two commonly used transformer‐insulating fluids, a high molecular weight hydrocarbon fluid and a 50 cS silicone fluid, have been measured using a controlled‐atmosphere cone calorimeter. The study shows that the cone calorimeter is a good tool to measure the effective heats of combustion of transformer‐insulating fluids. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Burn‐through resistance of fibre/felt materials for aircraft fuselage insulation blankets
Authors: Tran Khang D. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractLight‐weight fire barrier materials for aircraft thermal/acoustical insulation blankets were investigated. The burn‐through test on blankets inserted with these fire‐blocking materials was performed using a small‐scale kerosene burner apparatus. The burner system generated a turbulent flame at 1000°–1100°C and a front heat‐flux at 160–180 kW/m2. The rear or back‐side heat flux of blankets and their corresponding burn‐through time were monitored by a computerized data acquisition system. The blankets with ceramic or polymeric fire barrier materials provided a significantly additional burn‐through time compared with the regular blankets. Blanket samples inserted with an alumino‐silicate‐based ceramic layer were not burned‐through after 6 min. For fire resistant polymeric‐based materials, the burn‐through time varied from 2 to 6 min. The burn‐through resistance was correlated with the stable structure of SiO2 at high temperature for the ceramic sheets and with the formation of a char layer for polymeric layers.Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ordnance and Explosives Emergency Response at a CERCLA Site: An Environmental Compliance Perspective
Authors: Davis Joe , Perkins Scott , Schmuck John , Eason Spencer 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe management of ordnance and explosives (O/E) at military installations has traditionally been

based on the premise that worker and community safety are paramount. While the Department of Defense

(DOD) has a well‐defined collection of safety regulations and guidance documents for O/E

recovery operations, the status of these operations with respect to federal and state environmental laws is

somewhat complex. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA's) Military Munitions Rule,

promulgated in 1997, defined when these items were legally considered to become a solid, potentially hazardous

waste. The DOD/EPA document titled Unexploded Ordnance (UXO) Management Principles,

dated March 7, 2000, clarified some of the complexities.Ordnance and explosives recovery operations at Rocky Mountain Arsenal (RMA), a Comprehensive

Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA) site in Colorado, present a unique

application of existing rules. CERCLA allows for the substantive elements of applicable or relevant and

appropriate regulations to be invoked in the conduct of response operations. This article addresses how a

risk‐based approach has been developed to handle emergency scenarios involving O/E discovered in the

process of a CERCLA response action. RMA personnel have taken the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act

(RCRA) emergency response authorities, the Military Munitions Rule, and Departments of Army and Defense

regulations and guidance and crafted a set of emergency response protocols that incorporate relevant regulations,

protect human health and the environment, and satisfy the regulatory agencies. This article represents the

approach taken at RMA and does not necessarily represent a valid approach at other installations. It is intended

to provide readers with information and references that may be useful in developing their own set of

site‐specific procedures. It should be noted that the DOD is reviewing and potentially revising materials

referenced in this article. The approach described in this article may require amendment when modifications to DOD

policy are made. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Range Response: Natural and Cultural Resources Issues
Authors: Teachman George , Getlein Steve 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThis article considers the natural and cultural resources on Army ranges that may be affected by

range‐response decisions. Range response may include unexploded ordnance (UXO) clearance, range

remediation to address other constituents, posting range warning signs, erecting fences or alternative measures to

control access, and other effective engineering, institutional, and exposure controls. The authors describe the

Natural/Cultural Resource Bank methodology and make a case for its use in balancing the risks and impact of

addressing UXO and other constituents against the risks and impacts involved in not taking action. A case study

involving the Open Burning/Open Detonation (OB/OD) area at Fort Wingate demonstrated the use of

this methodology in identifying and communicating the relative risks and developing an appropriate range response.

© 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.*
Composition of the essential oil and micromorphology of trichomes of Teucrium salviastrum, an endemic species from Portugal
Authors: Cavaleiro Carlos , Salgueiro Ligia R. , Antunes Teresa , Sevinate‐Pinto Isabel , Barroso José G. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe morphology, distribution and release mechanism of the glandular trichomes of Teucrium salviastrum Schreber were studied, along with the chemical composition of the essential oils. Peltate and capitate trichomes are present on both vegetative and reproductive organs. In this study, particular emphasis is given to the capitate trichomes with long multicellular stalks. These trichomes are very abundant, and the secretion material is released by cuticule rupture on the top of the head cells. Also noteworthy is the presence of peltate trichomes on the upper surface of the ovary. Although already described in some Lamiaceae, these trichomes have not been recorded previously on any other Teucrium species. The composition of the essential oil was studied using mainly GC and GC–MS. The oils isolated from leaves, collected during the flowering and post‐flowering phases of the plant, as well as the oil isolated from the flower heads, exhibited a similar chemical composition. Nevertheless, the oils showed remarkable differences in composition when compared to those reported in the literature for the same species. The present study has shown that our oil consisted mainly of E‐β‐farnesene (26.1–29.3%), E‐caryophyllene (19.1–24.1%) and germacrene D (13.7–21.6%). The major compound of our samples, E‐β‐farnesene, is reported for the first time for this species. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Determination of key aroma components of Cheddar cheese using dynamic headspace dilution assay
Authors: Zehentbauer Gerhard , Reineccius G. A. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractGas chromatography–olfactometry (GCO) and a dilution assay, dynamic headspace dilution assay (DHDA), were used to determine the most potent aroma compounds in mild Cheddar cheese. Sample dilution was performed by a stepwise decrease of the purge time (starting at 30 min = FD1 to a final purge time of 20 s = FD64) using a constant purge flow of 50 ml/min. Each dilution was sniffed three times and the odorous compounds were marked on the GC chromatogram. The identification of the odorants was based of their mass spectra, retention times on at least two different columns and odour character at the sniffing port. This method has found the highest FD‐factors for 2,3‐butandione, (Z)‐4‐heptenal, methional, 2‐acetyl‐1‐pyrroline, dimethyl trisulphide, 1‐octen‐3‐one, (Z)‐1,5‐octadien‐3‐one, furaneol, (Z)‐2‐nonenal and (E)‐2‐nonenal, suggesting that these are the most potent odorants in Cheddar cheese. Three additional compounds remain unknown. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On the quadrilateral Q2–P1 element for the Stokes problem
Authors: Boffi Daniele , Gastaldi Lucia 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe Q2 – P1 approximation is one of the most popular Stokes elements. Two possible choices are given for the definition of the pressure space: one can either use a global pressure approximation (that is on each quadrilateral the finite element space is spanned by 1 and by the global co‐ordinates x and y) or a local approach (consisting in generating the local space by means of the constants and the local curvilinear co‐ordinates on each quadrilateral ξ and η). The former choice is known to provide optimal error estimates on general meshes. This has been shown, as it is standard, by proving a discrete inf–sup condition. In the present paper we check that the latter approach satisfies the inf–sup condition as well. However, recent results on quadrilateral finite elements bring to light a lack in the approximation properties for the space coming out from the local pressure approach. Numerical results actually show that the second choice (local or mapped pressure approximation) is suboptimally convergent. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Forecasting and trading currency volatility: an application of recurrent neural regression and model combination
Authors: Dunis Christian L. , Huang Xuehuan 
Published: October 2002

AbstractIn this paper, we examine the use of non‐parametric Neural Network Regression (NNR) and Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) regression models for forecasting and trading currency volatility, with an application to the GBP/USD and USD/JPY exchange rates. Both the results of the NNR and RNN models are benchmarked against the simpler GARCH alternative and implied volatility. Two simple model combinations are also analysed.The intuitively appealing idea of developing a nonlinear nonparametric approach to forecast FX volatility, identify mispriced options and subsequently develop a trading strategy based upon this process is implemented for the first time on a comprehensive basis. Using daily data from December 1993 through April 1999, we develop alternative FX volatility forecasting models. These models are then tested out‐of‐sample over the period April 1999–May 2000, not only in terms of forecasting accuracy, but also in terms of trading efficiency: in order to do so, we apply a realistic volatility trading strategy using FX option straddles once mispriced options have been identified.Allowing for transaction costs, most trading strategies retained produce positive returns. RNN models appear as the best single modelling approach yet, somewhat surprisingly, model combination which has the best overall performance in terms of forecasting accuracy, fails to improve the RNN‐based volatility trading results.Another conclusion from our results is that, for the period and currencies considered, the currency option market was inefficient and/or the pricing formulae applied by market participants were inadequate. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.