bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seroepidemiology of hepatitis E virus infection among preschool children in Taiwan
Authors: Lin Ding‐Bang , Lin Jye‐Bin , Chen Shiuan‐Chih , Yang Chi‐Chiang , Chen Wen‐Kang , Chen Chien‐Jen 
Published: September 2004

AbstractIn order to study the seroprevalence of hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection among preschool children in Taiwan, a community‐based survey was carried out in 54 kindergartens in 10 urban areas, 10 rural areas, and 2 aboriginal areas randomly selected through stratified sampling. Serum specimens of 2,538 preschool children were screened for HEV antibodies (anti‐HEV) by a commercially available enzyme immunoassay. The odd ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated through multiple logistic regression analysis. A total of 86 children were anti‐HEV seropositive, giving a prevalence of 3.4%. The prevalence of anti‐HEV was 3.9% (19 of 484) among aboriginal children, a significantly increased seroprevalence compared with that among children who lived in urban areas (OR = 1.68; 95% CI = 1.56–2.95; P < 0.05). Females had a higher anti‐HEV seroprevalence than the males (OR = 1.55; 95% CI = 1.14–2.54; P < 0.05). Rates of anti‐HEV antibody increased with age in aboriginal areas (χ2 for trend = 5.59, P = 0.02), but decreased with age in non‐aboriginal areas. The poor water supply system, poor sewage disposal, exposure to wild animals, and other environmental conditions in the aboriginal areas might have played a role in their infection with HEV in Taiwan. J. Med. Virol. 74:414–418, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Use of two real‐time polymerase chain reactions (PCRs) to detect herpes simplex type 1 and 2‐DNA after automated extraction of nucleic acid
Authors: Mengelle C. , Sandres‐Sauné K. , Miédougé M. , Mansuy J.‐M. , Bouquies C. , Izopet J. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractHerpes simplex virus infections may be diagnosed by several techniques, including conventional cell culture and the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). This prospective study compares the analytical performances and usefulness of an in‐house real‐time PCR method and the Light Cycler HSV ½ detection kit™ (Roche Diagnostics, Mannheim, Germany). The results of both PCRs were then compared to those obtained by conventional cell culture. A total of 313 samples were tested (70 dermal samples, 81 cerebrospinal fluids (CSF), 47 ocular, 42 anogenital, 34 throat swabs, and 33 oral samples, 3 whole blood, 2 biopsies, and 1 bronchoalveolar lavage). Samples for molecular assays were extracted twice with the MagNa Pure instrument™ (Roche Molecular Biochemicals, Mannheim, Germany) and tested blind in parallel by the two PCR methods. Most (226) samples were also examined by cell culture. Forty three samples were found positive by both PCRs, whereas 267 were negative. The HSV‐1 and ‐2 typing of positive samples was identical. Three of the samples were positive in the in‐house PCR and negative in the Light Cycler HSV ½ detection kit. There was no statistically significant difference between the two tests. Only one sample gave an invalid result due to negative PCR and negative internal control result. Seven samples were positive by both real‐time PCRs and negative in conventional culture. The PCRs were significantly (P < 0.05) more sensitive. The results show good agreement between the two real‐time PCR methods, with the molecular tests being more sensitive than cell culture. J. Med. Virol. 74:459–462, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Atypical clinical features of a human herpesvirus‐6 infection in a neonate
Authors: Yoshikawa Tetsushi , Suzuki Kenji , Umemura Kayoko , Akimoto Shiho , Miyake Fumi , Usui Chie , Fujita Ayano , Suga Sadao , Asano Yoshizo 
Published: September 2004

AbstractA case of neonatal human herpesvirus 6 (HHV‐6) B infection is presented. Although HHV‐6 B was isolated from peripheral blood at the onset of the illness, a significant increase in viral antibody titers was not observed. The patient had a slight fever with generalized maculopapular skin rash and an increased number of atypical lymphocytes, which is quite different from the typical clinical features of exanthem subitum. J. Med. Virol. 74:463–466, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Different chemokine expression in lethal and non‐lethal murine west nile virus infection
Authors: Shirato Kazuya , Kimura Takashi , Mizutani Tetsuya , Kariwa Hiroaki , Takashima Ikuo 
Published: September 2004

AbstractWest Nile (WN) virus is a mosquito‐borne flavivirus that can cause lethal encephalitis in humans and horses. The WN virus endemic in New York City (NY) in 1999 caused large‐scale mortality of wild birds that was not evident in endemic areas in other parts of the world, and the pathogenesis of the WN virus strain isolated in NY (NY strain) appears to differ from that of previously isolated strains. However, the pathogenesis of NY strain infection remains unclear. This study examined CC (RANTES/CCL5, MIP‐1α/CCL3, MIP‐1β/CCL4) and CXC (IP‐10/CXCL10, B lymphocyte chemoattractant (BLC/CXCL13), and B cell‐ and monocyte‐activating chemokine (BMAC/CXCL14)) chemokine expression during lethal NY strain and non‐lethal Eg101 strain infection in mice. We found that the mRNA of the CC chemokines, RANTES, MIP‐1α, MIP‐1β, and IP‐10 was highly up‐regulated in the brain of NY strain‐infected mice. By contrast, BLC mRNA was not detected in either group of mice, and BMAC mRNA was highly up‐regulated in late stage of infection with the non‐lethal Eg101 strain relative to levels in NY strain‐infected mice. J. Med. Virol. 74:507–513, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dispersion relation calculation of photonic crystals using the transmission line matrix method
Authors: Romo G. , Smy T. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractIn this paper we present the use of the transmission line matrix (TLM) method as a modelling tool for the computation of the dispersion relation of photonic crystals (PCs). First, the formulation of a complex‐valued TLM algorithm for the implementation of the periodicity condition on the sidewalls of the simulation domain (unit cell), is presented in detail. Then, the stability issues of this formulation are analysed from energy considerations. The analysis shows that the TLM method remains unconditionally stable since the equations enforcing the periodicity condition allow for the energy to be preserved as a constant during the simulations. Finally, the complex‐valued TLM algorithm is validated by simulating two PCs and by comparing the results with those predicted by alternative methods. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Role for calcium‐activated potassium channels (BK) in growth control of human malignant glioma cells
Authors: Weaver Amy K. , Liu Xiaojin , Sontheimer Harald 
Published: September 2004

AbstractVoltage‐dependent large‐conductance Ca2+‐activated K+ channels, often referred to as BK channels, are a unique class of ion channels coupling intracellular chemical signaling to electrical signaling. BK channel expression has been shown to be up‐regulated in human glioma biopsies, and expression levels correlate positively with the malignancy grade of the tumor. Glioma BK channels (gBK) are a splice variant of the hslo gene, are characterized by enhanced sensitivity to [Ca2+]i, and are the target of modulation by growth factors. By using the selective pharmacological BK channel inhibitor iberiotoxin, we examined the potential role of these channels in tumor growth. Cell survival assays examined the ability of glioma cells to grow in nominally serum‐free medium. Under such conditions, BK channel inhibition by iberiotoxin caused a dose‐ and time‐dependent decrease in cell number discernible as early as 72 hr after exposure and maximal growth inhibition after 4–5 days. FACS analysis shows that IbTX treatment arrests glioma cells in S phase of the cell cycle, whereupon cells undergo cell death. Interestingly, IbTX effects were nullified when cells were maintained in 7% fetal calf serum. Electrophysiological analysis, in conjunction with biotinylation studies, demonstrates that serum starvation caused a significant translocation of BK channel protein to the plasma membrane, corresponding to a two‐ to threefold increase in whole‐cell conductance, but without a change in total gBK protein. Hence, expression of functional gBK channels appears to be regulated in a growth‐factor‐dependent manner, with enhanced surface expression promoting tumor cell growth under conditions of growth factor deprivation as might occur under in vivo conditions. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Role of catecholaminergic inputs to the medial prefrontal cortex in local and subcortical expression of Fos after psychological stress
Authors: Spencer Sarah J. , Day Trevor A. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractA wide variety of stressors elicit Fos expression in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). No direct attempts, however, have been made to determine the role of the inputs that drive this response. We examined the effects of lesions of mPFC catecholamine terminals on local expression of Fos after exposure to air puff, a stimulus that in the rat acts as an acute psychological stressor. We also examined the effects of these lesions on Fos expression in a variety of subcortical neuronal populations implicated in the control of adrenocortical activation, one classic hallmark of the stress response. Lesions of the mPFC that were restricted to dopaminergic terminals significantly reduced numbers of Fos‐immunoreactive (Fos‐IR) cells seen in the mPFC after air puff, but had no significant effect on stress‐induced Fos expression in the subcortical structures examined. Lesions of the mPFC that affected both dopaminergic and noradrenergic terminals also reduced numbers of Fos‐IR cells observed in the mPFC after air puff. Additionally, these lesions resulted in a significant reduction in stress‐induced Fos‐IR in the ventral bed nucleus of the stria terminalis. These results demonstrate a role for catecholaminergic inputs to the mPFC, in the generation of both local and subcortical responses to psychological stress. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Modulation of AMPA receptors in spinal motor neurons by the neuroprotective agent riluzole
Authors: Albo Federica , Pieri Massimo , Zona Cristina 
Published: September 2004

AbstractWe investigated the interaction of riluzole, a therapeutic agent used in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), with α‐amino‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methyl‐4‐isoxazole propionic acid (AMPA) receptor channels in mouse spinal motor neurons in culture using whole‐cell patch‐clamp recording techniques. Kainate elicited concentration‐dependent (EC50 = 35 μM) inward currents in all the patched cells. These responses were mediated primarily through the activation of AMPA receptors with a negligible contribution from kainate receptors, because bath application of 100 μM GYKI53655, a potent noncompetitive AMPA receptor antagonist, completely blocked the kainate‐induced currents. Riluzole (0.5–100 μM) reduced in a dose‐dependent manner the kainate‐induced currents with an IC50 of 1.54 μM in all tested neurons (n = 25) and this effect was found to be reversible. The response to kainate decreased in the presence of 1 μM riluzole in all spinal motor neurons tested, without changing its EC50, indicating a noncompetitive mechanism of inhibition. The amplitude of the responses induced by kainate under control condition and during riluzole was a linear function of the membrane potential. The reversal potential of the current was not significantly different in the two experimental conditions, whereas the total conductance of the motor neurons for the currents induced by 100 μM kainate was reduced significantly in the presence of 1 μM riluzole (P < 0.05). These results reveal an interaction of riluzole with glutamatergic neurotransmission in spinal cord motor neurons and can contribute to explain its beneficial effect in the ALS treatment. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
α lipoic acid inhibits human T‐cell migration: Implications for multiple sclerosis
Authors: Marracci Gail H. , McKeon Gabriel P. , Marquardt Whitney E. , Winter Rolf W. , Riscoe Michael K. , Bourdette Dennis N. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractWe have demonstrated previously the ability of the antioxidant α lipoic acid (ALA) to suppress and treat a model of multiple sclerosis (MS), relapsing experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). We describe the effects of ALA and its reduced form, dihydrolipoic acid (DHLA), on the transmigration of human Jurkat T cells across a fibronectin barrier in a transwell system. ALA and DHLA inhibited migration of Jurkat cells in a dose‐dependent fashion by 16–75%. ALA and DHLA reduced matrix metalloproteinase‐9 (MMP‐9) activity by 18–90% in Jurkat cell supernatants. GM6001, a synthetic inhibitor of MMP, reduced Jurkat cell migration, but not as effectively as ALA and DHLA did. Both ALA and DHLA downmodulated the surface expression of the α4β1 integrin (very late activation‐4 antigen; VLA‐4), which binds fibronectin and its endothelial cell ligand vascular cell adhesion molecule‐1 (VCAM‐1). Moreover, ALA, but not DHLA, reduced MMP‐9‐specific mRNA and extracellular MMP‐9 from Jurkat cells and their culture supernatants as detected by relative reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), respectively. ALA and DHLA inhibited Jurkat cell migration and have different mechanisms for inhibiting MMP‐9 activity. These data, coupled with its ability to treat relapsing EAE, suggest that ALA warrants investigation as a therapy for MS. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hepatocyte growth factor improved learning and memory dysfunction of microsphere‐embolized rats
Authors: Date Ichiro , Takagi Norio , Takagi Keiko , Kago Tomoyuki , Matsumoto Kunio , Nakamura Toshikazu , Takeo Satoshi 
Published: September 2004

AbstractHepatocyte growth factor (HGF), an organotropic factor for regeneration and protection in various organs, has the ability to attenuate cerebral ischemia‐induced cell death. The effect of HGF on learning and memory function after cerebral ischemia, however, remains unknown. We have demonstrated that administration of human recombinant HGF (hrHGF) into the ventricle reduced prolongation of the escape latency in acquisition and retention tests of the water maze task on Days 12–28 after microsphere embolism‐induced cerebral ischemia. Treatment with hrHGF also attenuated the decrease in viable area and the density and number of perfused cerebral vessels, particularly those with a diameter smaller than 10 μm, of the ipsilateral hemisphere on Day 28 after the cerebral ischemia. We observed that treatment with hrHGF reduced the number of TUNEL‐positive cerebral endothelial cells at the early stage after the ischemia. These results suggest that hrHGF prevents learning and memory dysfunction seen after sustained cerebral ischemia by protecting against injury to the endothelial cells. HGF treatment may be a potent therapeutic strategy for cerebrovascular diseases, including cerebral infarct and vascular dementia. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Antioxidants are required during the early critical period, but not later, for neuronal survival
Authors: Perry Seth W. , Norman John P. , Litzburg Angela , Gelbard Harris A. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractMethods for growing primary neuronal cultures rely on the inclusion of antioxidants in the culture medium, but no studies have determined precisely if or when antioxidants are required for neuronal survival, despite the significance this information would have for understanding neurodevelopment and studying oxidative stress. We show that cortical neurons grown in Neurobasal media with B27 supplement required antioxidants for only the first 24 hr post‐explantation, after which the antioxidants could be removed permanently without noticeable loss of neuronal survival over the normal lifespan. Cortical cultures never exposed to antioxidants did not survive. These findings represent a novel method for substantially antioxidant‐free neuronal culture, whereby antioxidants can be removed permanently from the cultures after only 1 day. This method may prove critical for studies of oxidative stress, because B27 antioxidants significantly diminished pro‐oxidative effects of the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate and hydrogen peroxide on cortical cultures, even if antioxidants were removed before the oxidizing treatment. Together, these findings suggest a brief window of high vulnerability to reactive oxygen species, and have important implications for studies of oxidative stress and developmental neuroscience. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
FT‐Raman and FT‐IR spectroscopic study of synthetic Mg/Zn/Al‐hydrotalcites
Authors: Kloprogge J. Theo , Hickey Leisel , Frost Ray L. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractSynthetic Mg/Zn/Al‐hydrotalcites with atomic ratios of 6:0:2, 4:2:2, 2:4:2 and 0:6:2 were characterized by FT‐Raman and FT‐IR spectroscopy. ‘AlOH’ IR translation modes are observed at 419, 427, 559, 616 and 771 cm−1 with two corresponding Raman bands at 465–477 and 547–553 cm−1. ‘MgOH’ IR translation modes are found at 412, 559 and 616 cm−1 with equivalent Raman bands at 464–477 and 547–553 cm−1. The ‘ZnOH’ IR translation mode is found at 445 cm−1 and the Raman modes around 450 and 495 cm−1. The CO32 − group is identified by the ν1(IR) at 1112 cm−1 and a doublet in the Raman around 1045–1055 and 1060 cm−1. ν2(IR) is observed at 874 cm−1. ν3(IR) is a doublet at 1359 and 1381 cm−1. ν4 is observed in both the IR and Raman spectra around 670 and 695–715 cm−1, respectively. In the OH deformation region, a doublet is observed for ‘AlOH’ at 955 and 1033 cm−1 in the IR spectra. The ‘ZnOH’ IR deformation mode is observed at 1462 cm−1. H2O is characterized by a bending mode at 1632 cm−1 and an H‐bonded interlayer H2O mode at 3266 cm−1 with a Raman band between 3244 and 3271 cm−1. The OH stretching region is characterized by three bands in the Raman spectra around 3355–3360, 3440–3455 and 3535–3580 cm−1. One band is observed in the IR spectra at 3471 cm−1. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of solution concentration on the Raman scattering cross‐section of carbon tetrachloride
Authors: Yin Jian‐Hua , Gao Shu‐Qin , Li Zuo‐Wei , Yu Ying‐Ning , Lu Guo‐Hui , Tian Yan‐Jie 
Published: September 2004

AbstractUsing the liquid‐core optical fiber technique, we measured the Raman spectral intensities of CCl4 in CS2 at concentrations ranging from 90 to 0.05% (v/v). Raman scattering cross‐sections (RSCSs) of the 459, 314 and 218 cm−1 CCl4 bands were calculated using Onsager's theory with the 656 cm−1 Raman band of CS2 as an internal standard. The results show that the RSCSs of the three CCl4 bands increase with decreasing concentration of CCl4 over the whole range measured. It was unexpected that the RSCSs show different changes in various ranges, that is, a flat linear change at higher concentrations and a strong change at lower concentrations. With decrease in CCl4 concentration from 90 to 0.05% (0.1% for the 314 cm−1 band), the RSCSs of the 459 and 314 cm−1 bands show large increases. The RSCS of the 218 cm−1 band shows a relatively small change in the measured range. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characterisation of phenolic extracts from olive pulp and olive pomace by electrospray mass spectrometry
Authors: Cardoso Susana M , Guyot Sylvain , Marnet Nathalie , Lopes‐da‐Silva José A , Renard Catherine MGC , Coimbra Manuel A 
Published: September 2004

AbstractMethanol extracts of olive pomace (two‐phase olive oil extraction) and olive pulp were analysed by reverse phase HPLC and the eluted fractions were characterised by electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry. This technique allowed the identification of some common phenolic compounds, namely, verbascoside, rutin, caffeoyl‐quinic acid, luteolin‐4‐glucoside and 11‐methyl‐oleoside. Hydroxytyrosol‐1′‐β‐glucoside, luteolin‐7‐rutinoside and oleoside were also detected. Moreover, this technique enabled the identification, for the first time in Olea europaea tissues, of two oleoside derivatives, 6′‐β‐glucopyranosyl‐oleoside and 6′‐β‐rhamnopyranosyl‐oleoside, and of 10‐hydroxy‐oleuropein. Also, an oleuropein glucoside that had previously been identified in olive leaves was now detected in olive fruit, both in olive pulp and olive pomace. With the exception of oleoside and oleuropein, the majority of phenolic compounds were found to occur in equivalent amounts in olive pulp and olive pomace. Oleoside was the main phenolic compound in olive pulp (31.6 mg g−1) but was reduced to 3.6 mg g−1 in olive pomace, and oleuropein (2.7 mg g−1 in the pulp) almost disappeared (<0.1 mg g−1 in the pomace). Both these phenolic compounds were degraded during the olive oil extraction process. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
Heat‐induced denaturation impairs digestibility of legume (Phaseolus vulgaris L and Vicia faba L) 7S and 11S globulins in the small intestine of rat
Authors: Carbonaro M , Grant G , Cappelloni M 
Published: September 2004

Abstract7S globulin from common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L) and 11S globulin from faba bean (Vicia faba L) were isolated to over 90% purity and the digestibility of the proteins, either in native or denatured (120 °C, 20 min, 1 atm) state, was tested in the small intestine of growing rats in acute (1 h) experiments. Native globulins were well digested (92 and 95% for 7S and 11S proteins, respectively). However, after thermal denaturation, protein digestibility of 7S globulin was reduced to 88%, while that of 11S globulin to only 79%. SDS‐PAGE revealed that high amounts of the intermediate proteolytic products of phaseolin (MW 22 000–27 000 Da) were present in the small intestine of rats after 1 h digestion of the denatured 7S globulin, while protein material in the high MW range (>55 000 Da) were recovered from the 11S globulin. The overall negative charge of unavailable proteins from the 7S globulin was found by anion exchange–FPLC separation to be higher than that of products from the 11S globulin. MALDI‐MS analysis of proteins in the small intestine confirmed the presence of half‐size phaseolin subunits (MW 23 700 Da) as breakdown products from the denatured 7S globulin, and of highly hydrophobic basic subunits (MW 20 000 Da) from the 11S globulin. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
Micellar electrokinetic chromatography with laser‐induced fluorescence detection for sensitive determination of ephedrine and pseudoephedrine
Authors: Xie Jianping , Zhang Jiyou , Liu Jiaqin , Tian Jianniao , Chen Xingguo , Hu Zhide 
Published: September 2004

AbstractA selective and sensitive micellar electrokinetic chromatography method with laser‐induced fluorescence detection was developed for the quantification of ephedrine (E) and pseudoephedrine (PE) derivatized with 4‐chloro‐7‐nitrobenzo‐2‐oxa‐1,3‐diazole. After conducting a series of optimizations, a running buffer of 10 mM sodium borate + 16 mM SDS was used for separation of the derivatives. A linear relationship for E and PE was obtained in the range of 0.044–6.6 μg mL–1 (correlation coefficient: 0.9943 for E, 0.9946 for PE), and the detection limits for E and PE were 0.70 and 0.30 ng mL–1, respectively. The sensitivity of E and PE was improved by several multiples of ten over those of CZE‐LIF method. The method was applied to the analysis of the two alkaloids in ephedra herbal medicine and preparations with recoveries in the range of 98.3–107.1%.