bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The metabolism of circulating non-esterified fatty acids by the whole animal, hind-limb muscle and uterus of pregnant ewes
Authors: Pethick D. W. , Lindsay D. B. , Barker P. J. , Northrop A. J. 
Published: February 2005

1. The over-all and regional metabolism of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) was studied using a combination of isotopic and arteriovenous-difference techniques.2. There was a common linear relationship, whether stearic, palmitic or oleic acids were used as tracer, between the arterial NEFA concentration and the rates of entry and oxidation.3. Assuming that the tracer used reflected the metabolism of all the NEFA, the total entry rate in fed and fasted pregnant ewes was (mean±SE) 0·44±0·02 and 0·55±0·07 mmol/h per kg body-weight respectively. Oxidation of NEFA contributed (mean±SE) 34±5 and 58±7% to the respiratory carbon dioxide in fed and fasted animals, this accounting for (mean±SE) 46±6 and 59±3% of the respective entry rates.4. Hind-limb muscle both utilized and produced NEFA. The mean gross fractional extraction (calculated from isotopic uptake) was (mean±SE) 9±1%. Gross utilization of any NEFA and appearance of14CO2across the muscle were linearly related to the arterial concentration of tracer fatty acid, irrespective of whether this was oleate or stearate. The amount of14CO2appearing was consistent with (mean±SE) 54±8% of the CO2produced by the hind-limb being derived from NEFA oxidation.5. Infused NEFA were partly converted to ketone bodies. Uptake and oxidation in the hind-limb of ketones formed in the liver could account for approximately 20% of the14CO2apparently produced in muscle from NEFA. Correction for this reduces the proportion of CO2derived from NEFA to 43%. There was some indication that ketones were also produced from NEFA in the hind-limb.6. NEFA were not a significant energy source for the gravid uterus.7. An over-all view of energy sources for the whole animal and for hind-limb muscle in normal and fasted pregnant sheep was presented.
Monoterpene Metabolism. Cloning, Expression, and Characterization of (−)-Isopiperitenol/(−)-Carveol Dehydrogenase of Peppermint and Spearmint
Authors: Ringer Kerry L. , Davis Edward M. , Croteau Rodney 
Published: February 2005

Abstract
The essential oils of peppermint (Mentha x piperita) and spearmint (Mentha spicata) are distinguished by the oxygenation position on the p-menthane ring of the constitutive monoterpenes that is conferred by two regiospecific cytochrome P450 limonene-3- and limonene-6-hydroxylases. Following hydroxylation of limonene, an apparently similar dehydrogenase oxidizes (−)-trans-isopiperitenol to (−)-isopiperitenone in peppermint and (−)-trans-carveol to (−)-carvone in spearmint. Random sequencing of a peppermint oil gland secretory cell cDNA library revealed a large number of clones that specified redox-type enzymes, including dehydrogenases. Full-length dehydrogenase clones were screened by functional expression in Escherichia coli using a recently developed in situ assay. A single full-length acquisition encoding (−)-trans-isopiperitenol dehydrogenase (ISPD) was isolated. The (−)-ISPD cDNA has an open reading frame of 795 bp that encodes a 265-residue enzyme with a calculated molecular mass of 27,191. Nondegenerate primers were designed based on the (−)-trans-ISPD cDNA sequence and employed to screen a spearmint oil gland secretory cell cDNA library from which a 5′-truncated cDNA encoding the spearmint homolog, (−)-trans-carveol-dehydrogenase, was isolated. Reverse transcription-PCR amplification and RACE were used to acquire the remaining 5′-sequence from RNA isolated from oil gland secretory cells of spearmint leaf. The full-length spearmint dehydrogenase shares &gt;99% amino acid identity with its peppermint homolog and both dehydrogenases are capable of utilizing (−)-trans-isopiperitenol and (−)-trans-carveol. These isopiperitenol/carveol dehydrogenases are members of the short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase superfamily and are related to other plant short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases involved in secondary metabolism (lignan biosynthesis), stress responses, and phytosteroid biosynthesis, but they are quite dissimilar (approximately 13% identity) to the monoterpene reductases of mint involved in (−)-menthol biosynthesis. The isolation of the genes specifying redox enzymes of monoterpene biosynthesis in mint indicates that these genes arose from different ancestors and not by simple duplication and differentiation of a common progenitor, as might have been anticipated based on the common reaction chemistry and structural similarity of the substrate monoterpenes.
Proteomic Characterization of Evolutionarily Conserved and Variable Proteins of Arabidopsis Cytosolic Ribosomes
Authors: Chang Ing-Feng , Szick-Miranda Kathleen , Pan Songqin , Bailey-Serres Julia 
Published: February 2005

AbstractAnalysis of 80S ribosomes of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) by use of high-speed centrifugation, sucrose gradient fractionation, one- and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, liquid chromatography purification, and mass spectrometry (matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight and electrospray ionization) identified 74 ribosomal proteins (r-proteins), of which 73 are orthologs of rat r-proteins and one is the plant-specific r-protein P3. Thirty small (40S) subunit and 44 large (60S) subunit r-proteins were confirmed. In addition, an ortholog of the mammalian receptor for activated protein kinase C, a tryptophan-aspartic acid-domain repeat protein, was found to be associated with the 40S subunit and polysomes. Based on the prediction that each r-protein is present in a single copy, the mass of the Arabidopsis 80S ribosome was estimated as 3.2 MD (1,159 kD 40S; 2,010 kD 60S), with the 4 single-copy rRNAs (18S, 26S, 5.8S, and 5S) contributing 53% of the mass. Despite strong evolutionary conservation in r-protein composition among eukaryotes, Arabidopsis 80S ribosomes are variable in composition due to distinctions in mass or charge of approximately 25% of the r-proteins. This is a consequence of amino acid sequence divergence within r-protein gene families and posttranslational modification of individual r-proteins (e.g. amino-terminal acetylation, phosphorylation). For example, distinct types of r-proteins S15a and P2 accumulate in ribosomes due to evolutionarily divergence of r-protein genes. Ribosome variation is also due to amino acid sequence divergence and differential phosphorylation of the carboxy terminus of r-protein S6. The role of ribosome heterogeneity in differential mRNA translation is discussed.
Proteomic Identification of S-Nitrosylated Proteins in Arabidopsis
Authors: Lindermayr Christian , Saalbach Gerhard , Durner Jörg 
Published: February 2005

Abstract
Although nitric oxide (NO) has grown into a key signaling molecule in plants during the last few years, less is known about how NO regulates different events in plants. Analyses of NO-dependent processes in animal systems have demonstrated protein S-nitrosylation of cysteine (Cys) residues to be one of the dominant regulation mechanisms for many animal proteins. For plants, the principle of S-nitrosylation remained to be elucidated. We generated S-nitrosothiols by treating extracts from Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) cell suspension cultures with the NO-donor S-nitrosoglutathione. Furthermore, Arabidopsis plants were treated with gaseous NO to analyze whether S-nitrosylation can occur in the specific redox environment of a plant cell in vivo. S-Nitrosylated proteins were detected by a biotin switch method, converting S-nitrosylated Cys to biotinylated Cys. Biotin-labeled proteins were purified and analyzed using nano liquid chromatography in combination with mass spectrometry. We identified 63 proteins from cell cultures and 52 proteins from leaves that represent candidates for S-nitrosylation, including stress-related, redox-related, signaling/regulating, cytoskeleton, and metabolic proteins. Strikingly, many of these proteins have been identified previously as targets of S-nitrosylation in animals. At the enzymatic level, a case study demonstrated NO-dependent reversible inhibition of plant glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, suggesting that this enzyme could be affected by S-nitrosylation. The results of this work are the starting point for further investigation to get insight into signaling pathways and other cellular processes regulated by protein S-nitrosylation in plants.
CASS: a collaborative academic store for Scotland
Authors: Nicholson Catherine M. 
Published: February 2005

PurposeTo determine whether a collaborative academic store for Scotland is a viable proposition and discover what problems and issues it raises.Design/methodology/approachImplementation of a pilot facility that would permit a real‐world assessment of requirement costs and funding models, would pave the way for a full facility, and act as a possible model to others considering similar facilities.FindingsAlthough the project is still in its first year, a good deal of useful experience has already been gained via the planning and setting‐up of an operational facility. This has informed the features and facilities of the pilot store described in the paper.Research limitations/implicationsThe pilot facility currently only serves a sub‐set of possible participants in Scotland.Practical implicationsThe pilot will inform the Scottish community on the viability of an operational store whilst providing a useful facility in the short to medium term.Originality/valueThe paper will inform others wishing to set up collaborative stores on methods, models, problems and issues in what is still a relatively unexplored approach to storage problems.
Lung cancer death rates by smoking status: Comparison of the Three‐Prefecture Cohort study in Japan to the Cancer Prevention Study II in the USA
Authors: Marugame Tomomi , Sobue Tomotaka , Satoh Hiroshi , Komatsu Shoko , Nishino Yoshikazu , Nakatsuka Haruo , Nakayama Tomio , Suzuki Takaichiro , Takezaki Toshiro , Tajima Kazuo , Tominaga Suketami 
Published: February 2005

Cigarette smoking is an established risk factor for lung cancer. However, the magnitude of the relative risk (RR) on lung cancer mortality in relation to cigarette smoking is reported to be lower in Japan than in Western countries. We investigated whether this discrepancy could be explained by differences in the exposure to cigarettes smoked, by differences in sensitivity to smoking, or by differences in lung cancer mortality among non‐smokers. We examined the 10‐year follow‐up data on 88 153 participants in a Japanese population‐based prospective study conducted in three prefectures. Data used as a Western counterpart was retrieved from a published report of the US Cancer Prevention Study (CPS)‐II. Although there was a significant increased risk of lung cancer death among current smokers compared with non‐smokers, the observed RR in the Three‐Prefecture Study were much lower than RR reported in the CPS‐II. Lung cancer mortality of our Japanese sample was lower among current smokers and higher among non‐smokers regardless of age and sex. Current smokers in our sample had initiated smoking at an older age and smoked fewer cigarettes per day for shorter durations than those in the CPS‐II sample. The Poisson regression model (controlling for age, number of cigarettes smoked per day and duration of smoking) showed that male current smokers in our sample had a lower risk of lung cancer compared with those in the CPS‐II sample (rate ratio 0.34 [95%CI 0.27–0.43]). These findings might explain why Japanese risks of lung cancer are lower than those observed in Western countries. (Cancer Sci 2005; 96: 120–126)
Activated human umbilical cord blood dendritic cells kill tumor cells without damaging normal hematological progenitor cells
Authors: Shi Jun , Ikeda Kazuma , Fujii Nobuharu , Kondo Eisei , Shinagawa Katsuji , Ishimaru Fumihiko , Kaneda Kinuyo , Tanimoto Mitsune , Li Xiao , Pu Quan 
Published: February 2005

Apart from their role as antigen presenting cells, human peripheral blood monocyte and CD34+ cell‐derived dendritic cells (DC), have been demonstrated to exert cytotoxicity against some tumor cells, and their tumoricidal activity can be enhanced by some stimili. However, there have been no reports concerning the tumoricidal activity of human cord blood dendritic cells (CBDC). In this article, we report that human cord blood monocyte‐derived DC acquire the ability to kill hematological tumor cells, after activation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or γ‐interferon (IFN‐γ), associated with the enhanced TNF‐α‐related apoptosis‐inducing ligand (TRAIL) expression in CBDC cytoplasm. The CD14‐positive cells collected from cord blood were induced to CBDC in vitro. After activation with IFN‐γ for 12 h, CBDC exhibited cytotoxicity against HL60 and Jurkat cells, while activation with LPS induced cytotoxicity against Daudi and Jurkat cells. However, both LPS‐ and IFN‐γ‐stimulated CBDC showed no cytotoxic activity against normal CD14‐negative cord blood mononuclear cells. The formation of umbilical cord hematopoietic progenitor colonies, identified as burst‐forming unit‐erythroid and colony‐forming unit granulocyte‐macrophage, was not inhibited by stimulated or unstimulated CBDC. IFN‐γ or LPS stimulation enhanced intracellular but not cellular surface TRAIL, and neither intracellular nor cellular surface tumor necrosing factor‐α and Fas Ligand as analyzed by flow cytometry. Our results show that activated CBDC can serve as cytotoxic cells against hematological tumor cells without damaging the normal hematopoietic progenitor cells. (Cancer Sci 2005; 96: 127–133)
Modern management of myelofibrosis
Authors: Cervantes Francisco 
Published: February 2005

SummaryThe conventional treatment of myelofibrosis involves a wait‐and‐see approach for asymptomatic patients, oral chemotherapy for the hyperproliferative forms of the disease, androgens or erythropoietin for the anaemia, and splenectomy in selected patients. Low‐dose thalidomide plus prednisone is a well‐tolerated therapy for the anaemia and the thrombocytopenia of myelofibrosis, whereas imatinib has shown little efficacy. Allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo‐SCT) is the only curative therapy for myelofibrosis. Its standard modality has an associated mortality of about 30% and can be applied to younger patients with high‐risk disease or resistant to conventional treatment. Reduced‐intensity conditioning allo‐SCT involves a low mortality and is a promising therapy for patients aged 45–70 years old with the above characteristics. Autologous SCT is a palliative therapy for patients resistant to conventional treatment who lack a suitable donor. The next candidates for the treatment of myelofibrosis are the thalidomide derivatives, the proteasome inhibitors, and vascular endothelial growth factor neutralizing antibodies.
Poor association between allergen‐specific serum immunoglobulin E levels, skin sensitivity and basophil degranulation: a study with recombinant birch pollen allergen Bet v 1 and an immunoglobulin E detection system measuring immunoglobulin E capable of binding to FcɛRI
Authors: Purohit A. , Laffer S. , Metz‐Favre C. , Verot A. , Kricek F. , Valenta R. , Pauli G. 
Published: February 2005

SummaryBackground
Results from several studies indicate that the magnitude of immediate symptoms of type I allergy caused by allergen‐induced cross‐linking of high‐affinity Fcɛ receptors on effector cells (mast cells and basophils) is not always associated with allergen‐specific IgE levels.Objective
To investigate the association of results from intradermal skin testing, basophil histamine release and allergen‐specific IgE, IgG1–4, IgA and IgM antibody levels in a clinical study performed in birch pollen‐allergic patients (n=18).Methods
rBet v 1‐specific IgEs were measured by quantitative CAP measurements and by using purified FcɛRI‐derived α‐chain to quantify IgE capable of binding to effector cells. Bet v 1‐specific IgG subclasses, IgA and IgM levels were measured by ELISA, and basophil histamine release was determined in whole blood samples. Intradermal skin testing was performed with the end‐point titration method.Results
Our study demonstrates on the molecular level that the concentrations of allergen‐specific IgE antibodies capable of binding to FcɛRI and biological sensitivities are not necessarily associated. A moderate association was found between cutaneous and basophil sensitivity.Conclusion
Our results highlight the quantitative discrepancies and limitations of the present diagnostic tools in allergy, even when using a single allergenic molecule. The quantity of allergen‐specific serum IgE is only one component of far more complex cellular systems (i.e. basophil‐based tests, skin tests) used as indirect diagnostic tests for IgE‐mediated allergic sensitivity.
Prevalence and main characteristics of schoolchildren diagnosed withfood allergies in France
Authors: Rancé F. , Grandmottet X. , Grandjean H. 
Published: February 2005

SummaryBackground
A cross‐sectional, descriptive, questionnaire‐based survey was conducted in Toulouse schools to determine the prevalence of food allergies among schoolchildren.Objectives
The first goal of the survey was to estimate the prevalence of food allergies. The second goal was to determine the main characteristics of the allergies.Methods
The questionnaires (3500) were distributed in 150 classes in eight schools. The return rate was 77.6% (2716).Results
Of the 192 (7.0%) questionnaires with a ‘Yes’ response (report of a food allergy), 182 were retained as reporting true food allergies (6.7%). The cumulative and point prevalences were 6.7% [95% confidence interval (CI) 5.8–7.6] and 4.7% [95% CI 3.9–5.5], respectively. The point prevalences were 4.0% for the children aged 2–5 years, 6.8% for the children aged 6–10 years, and 3.4% for the children aged 11–14 years. The main foods reported as causing adverse reactions were cow milk (n=29, 11.9%), eggs (n=23, 9.4%), kiwis (n=22, 9.0%), peanuts (n=20, 8.2%), fish (n=19, 7.8%), tree nuts (n=19, 7.8%), and shrimp (n=13, 5.3%). The average age at which the allergies were detected was 3.4±2.8 years (with a range of 0.1–12 years). The clinical signs of the food allergies were cutaneous (n=153, 62.7%), digestive (n=74, 30.3%), respiratory (n=17, 6.9%), and anaphylactic shock (n=12, 4.9%).Conclusion
While well aware of the biases inherent in this type of study, we estimated the cumulative and point prevalences of food allergies in a population of schoolage children in Toulouse at 6.7% and 4.7%, respectively. Cow milk, eggs, and peanuts were the main foods reported as causing allergies. Exotic fruits, shellfish, and tree nuts appeared to be relatively new allergens.
Environmental causes and consequences of forest clearance and agricultural abandonment in central New York, USA
Authors: Flinn Kathryn M. , Vellend Mark , Marks P.L. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractAim  Climate, topography and soils drive many patterns of plant distribution and abundance across landscapes, but current plant communities may also reflect a legacy of past disturbance such as agricultural land use. To assess the relative influences of environmental conditions and disturbance history on vegetation, it is important to understand how these forces interact. This study relates the geographical distribution of land uses to variation in topography and soils; evaluates the consequences of land‐use decisions for current forests; and examines the effects of agricultural land use on the chemical properties of forest soils.Location  Tompkins County occupies 1250 km2 in central New York's Finger Lakes region. Like much of eastern North America, this area underwent forest clearance for agriculture during the 1800s and widespread field abandonment and forest recovery during the 1900s. The current landscape consists of a patchwork of forests that were never cleared, forests that developed on old fields and active agricultural lands.Methods  We investigated relationships among topography, soils and land‐use decisions by gathering information about land‐use history, slope, aspect, elevation, soil lime content, soil drainage and accessibility in a geographic information system (GIS). To assess the effects of agriculture on forest soil chemistry, we measured pH, organic matter content and extractable nutrient concentrations in field‐collected soil samples from 47 post‐agricultural and uncleared forests.Results  Steeper slopes, less accessible lands and lower‐lime soils tended to remain forested, and farmers were more likely to abandon fields that were steeper, farther from roads, lower in lime and more poorly drained. Slope had by far the greatest impact on patterns of clearance and abandonment, and accessibility had a surprisingly strong influence on the distribution of land uses. The effects of other factors varied more, depending for example on location within the county. Current forest types differed accordingly in topography and soil attributes, particularly slope, but they also showed much overlap. Post‐agricultural and uncleared forest soils had similar chemical properties. Forests on lands abandoned from agriculture 80–100 years before had slightly higher pH and nutrient concentrations than adjacent, uncleared forests, but these changes were small compared to environmental variation across the county.Main conclusions  Despite differential use of lands according to their topography and soils, the substantial influence of accessibility and the relatively small scale of land‐use decisions allowed for broad similarity among forest types. Thus, the topography and soil differences created by land‐use decisions probably contribute little to landscape‐level patterns of diversity. Subtle changes in forest soil chemistry left from past agriculture may nevertheless affect plant distribution and abundance at finer scales.
INVITED REVIEW: Comparative organization of chloroplast, mitochondrial and nuclear diversity in plant populations
Authors: PETIT RÉMY J. , DUMINIL JÉRÔME , FINESCHI SILVIA , HAMPE ARNDT , SALVINI DANIELA , VENDRAMIN GIOVANNI G. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractPlants offer excellent models to investigate how gene flow shapes the organization of genetic diversity. Their three genomes can have different modes of transmission and will hence experience varying levels of gene flow. We have compiled studies of genetic structure based on chloroplast DNA (cpDNA), mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and nuclear markers in seed plants. Based on a data set of 183 species belonging to 103 genera and 52 families, we show that the precision of estimates of genetic differentiation (GST) used to infer gene flow is mostly constrained by the sampling of populations. Mode of inheritance appears to have a major effect on GST. Maternally inherited genomes experience considerably more subdivision (median value of 0.67) than paternally or biparentally inherited genomes (∼0.10). GST at cpDNA and mtDNA markers covary narrowly when both genomes are maternally inherited, whereas GST at paternally and biparentally inherited markers also covary positively but more loosely and GST at maternally inherited markers are largely independent of values based on nuclear markers. A model‐based gross estimate suggests that, at the rangewide scale, historical levels of pollen flow are generally at least an order of magnitude larger than levels of seed flow (median of the pollen‐to‐seed migration ratio: 17) and that pollen and seed gene flow vary independently across species. Finally, we show that measures of subdivision that take into account the degree of similarity between haplotypes (NST or RST) make better use of the information inherent in haplotype data than standard measures based on allele frequencies only.