bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Variable suppression of feline bone marrow fibroblast colony-forming units by two isolates of feline leukemia virus
Authors: Wellman Maxey L. , Kociba Gary J. , Mathes Larry E. 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
Bone marrow fibroblast colony-forming units (cfu-f) were evaluated in cats experimentally infected with different isolates of FeLV. Cats infected with the Kawa-kami-Theilen isolate of FeLV (FeLV-KT) had progressive decrease in the number of cfu-f at 2, 4, and 6 weeks after infection. The number of cfu-f in FeLV-KT-infected cats ranged from 38 to 70% of the preinoculation cfu-f value. Of 3 cats with FeLV-KT-induced suppression of cfu-f, 2 developed fatal nonregenerative anemia. Cats infected with the Rickard isolate of FeLV (FeLV-R) had more moderate decrease in the number of cfu-f at 2, 4, and 6 weeks after infection. The number of cfu-f in FeLV-R-infected cats ranged from 62 to 82% of the preinoculation cfu-f value. The FeLV-R-infected cats did not become anemic.
In vitro assay of nuclear uptake of doxorubicin hydrochloride in osteosarcoma cells of dogs
Authors: Weinstein M. Joy , Berg John , Kusuzaki Katsuyuki , Springfield Dempsey S. , Gebhardt Mark C. , Mankin Henry J. 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
A rapid, simple chemosensitivity assay, assessing tumor cell nuclear uptake of doxorubicin hydrochloride, was evaluated in 16 dogs with appendicular osteosarcoma. Doxorubicin was administered to dogs in 5 biweekly treatments, and surgical resection was performed after the second or third treatment. The chemosensitivity assay was performed on biopsy specimens from all dogs before chemotherapy. It was repeated on tissue from resected tumors, and tumors were evaluated histologically to determine the degree of necrosis resulting from chemotherapy. Disease-free and total survival time correlated significantly (P < 0.05 in both cases) with the degree of postchemotherapy necrosis of the primary tumors. Significant correlation was not apparent between the percentage of tumor cells with nuclear uptake of doxorubicin (in either biopsy or resection samples) and disease-free or total survival time. The percentage of cells with nuclear uptake of doxorubicin in surgically resected tumors correlated significantly (P < 0.05) with percentage of necrosis.
Effects of human recombinant interleukin 2 on in vitro tumor cytotoxicity in dogs
Authors: Raskin Rose E. , Holcomb Carolyn S. , Maxwell Anna K. 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
In these studies, the effects of recombinant human interleukin 2 (rHuil-2) were examined on in vitro tumor cytotoxicity by canine blood lymphocytes obtained from peripheral vessels through use of a chromium release microcytotoxicity assay. Cytotoxic activity by lymphokine-activated killer cells was significantly increased, compared with that by untreated lymphocytes in a dose-dependent manner. The maximal effect was attained with 300,000 IU of rHuil-2/ml. Lymphokine-activated killing also was dependent on the duration of incubation with rHuil-2. After 1 day of rHuil-2 incubation, cytotoxicity was significantly increased, compared with that of untreated lymphocytes. Of the 3 times examined, cytotoxicity peaked after 3 days of rHuil-2 incubation. High levels of cytotoxic activity were still present at 7 days of incubation. Numbers of granular lymphocytes increased over the times examined. These results demonstrate functional and morphologic changes in canine peripheral blood lymphocytes obtained from peripheral vessels after incubation with rHuil-2 in a dose- and time-dependent manner.
Effects of the fungal endophyte Acremonium coenophialum in fescue on pregnant mares and foal viability
Authors: Putnam Marshall R. , Bransby David I. , Schumacher John , Boosinger Timothy R. , Bush Lowell , Shelby Richard A. , Vaughan John T. , Ball Don , Brendemuehl James P. 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
Effects of the endophyte Acremonium coenophialum in tall fescue on pregnant mares and foal viability were evaluated. Twenty-two mature pregnant mares were randomly chosen to graze either Kentucky-31 tall fescue that was free from A coenophialum (endophyte-free, ef) or tall fescue infected with A coenophialum (endophyte-present, ep) after the first 90 days of pregnancy through parturition. Concentrations of pyrrolizidine and ergopeptine alkaloids were significantly greater in ep grass, compared with ef pasture. Ten of 11 mares grazing ep pasture had obvious dystocia. Mean duration of gestation was significantly greater for the ep group, compared with the ef group. Foal survivability was severely reduced among mares grazing ep fescue with only 1 foal surviving the natal period. Udder development and lactation were low in mares grazing ep grass. The absence of clinical problems in mares grazing ef grass implicated the endophyte as the causative agent of reproductive problems and perinatal foal mortality in pregnant mares grazing endophyte-infected fescue grass. Caution should be exercised in allowing pregnant mares to graze pastures infected with the endophyte A coenophialum.
Evaluation of total protein content in tears of dogs by polyacrylamide gel disk electrophoresis
Authors: Barrera Rafael , Jiménez Antonio , López Rocío , Ma ñé María C. , Rodríguez Jesús F. , Molleda José M. 
Published: January 2024

Summary
Concentration of total proteins was measured and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel disk electrophoresis was performed on tear and plasma samples obtained from 26 healthy dogs, and the results were compared. Mean ± sem concentration of total proteins in tears was 0.63 ± 0.04 g/dl, and significant effects of age or gender were not found. The protein composition of tears in dogs was complex, and bands from light and heavy chains of immunoglobulins were identified by electrophoresis.
Efficacy of milbemycin oxime against naturally acquired or experimentally induced Ancylostoma spp and Trichuris vulpis infections in dogs
Authors: Blagburn Byron L. , Hendrix Charles M. , Lindsay David S. , Vaughan Joy L. , Hepler Douglas I. , Wright James C. 
Published: January 2024

Summary
The efficacy of milbemycin oxime was evaluated at dosages of 0.25, 0.50 and 0.75 mg/kg of body weight in dogs naturally infected with mature Ancylostoma spp, at a dosage of 0.50 mg/kg in dogs with experimentally induced immature and mature A caninum, and at dosages of 0.55 to 0.86 mg/kg in dogs naturally infected with mature Trichuris vulpis. Milbemycin oxime was 95 and 99% effective against mature Ancylostoma spp at dosages of 0.50 and 0.75 mg/kg, respectively, but only 49% effective at a dosage of 0.25 mg/kg. Efficacy was 49% against pulmonary L3-L4 stages of A caninum (36 hours after inoculation), > 80% against L4 (120 hours after inoculation) and early L5 stages (216 hours after inoculation), and > 90% against experimentally induced mature stages (360 hours after inoculation). Milbemycin oxime was also 97% effective in the removal of mature Tr vulpis from naturally infected dogs. Adverse reactions were not observed following treatment in any of the dogs.
Efficacy of ivermectin and pyrantel pamoate combined in a chewable formulation against heartworm, hookworm, and ascarid infections in dogs
Authors: Clark J. N. , Daurio C. P. , Plue R. E. , Wallace D. H. , Longhofer S. L. 
Published: January 2024

Summary
Eight trials were conducted in dogs to document the efficacy of ivermectin (6 μg/kg of body weight) and pyrantel pamoate (5 mg of active pyrantel/kg) in a beef-based chewable formulation against Dirofilaria immitis, Ancylostoma caninum, Uncinaria stenocephala, Toxocara canis, and Toxascaris leonina. Three studies involved induced infection with D immitis, and 5 studies involved induced or natural infection with hookworms and ascarids. In 3 intestinal parasite trials, the efficacy of the combination chewable tablet was compared with each of its components. Results indicated that 1 component did not interfere with the activity of the other. In 1 heartworm and 2 intestinal parasite trials, the efficacy of pyrantel, ivermectin/pyrantel combination, or ivermectin with pyrantel dosage of 10 mg/kg was evaluated.
The ivermectin/pyrantel combination was 100% effective in preventing development of D immitis larvae. Efficacy of the combined product against T canis, Toxascaris leonina, A caninum, and U stenocephala was 90.1, 99.2, 98.5, and 98.7%, respectively. In the intestinal parasite trials, each individual component was found not to interfere with the anthelmintic action of the other. Increasing the dosage of pyrantel to 10 mg/kg (2 × that in the combination) did not interfere with the efficacy of ivermectin against heartworm or increase the activity of pyrantel against intestinal parasites.
Blood biochemical characteristics of cattle at sea level and at moderately high altitude (3,000 m)
Authors: Ramirez German , Bittle Polly A. , Colice Gene L. , Santacruz Rafael , Hidalgo Alvaro , Noguera Ivan , Agosti Steven J. , Foulis Philip R. 
Published: January 2024

Summary
We investigated the biochemical composition of blood from Holstein cows, native breed (criollas), and cows descended from fighting bulls (Vacas de lidia) raised at an altitude of 3,000 m (moderately high altitude, mha), and compared the results with those from Holsteins and cows of similar genetic ancestry as the criollas (scrub cows), both raised at sea level (sl), to determine blood biochemical values characteristic of adaptation to high altitude. Only potassium and calcium concentrations were similar among groups. Glucose concentration was lower in mha cows, with the exception of Vacas de lidia. Serum bicarbonate concentration was lower in mha cows; this finding can be explained by hyperventilation in the hypoxic environment. Serum magnesium concentration was lower in sl and mha Holsteins than in other groups. Serum phosphate concentration was lower in scrub cows, mha Holsteins, and criollas than in other groups. Cholesterol concentrations were lower in sl Holsteins, whereas triglycerides were higher in scrub cows and mha Vacas de lidia. Concentration of high-density lipoprotein was significantly greater in Vacas de lidia and less in mha criollas than in the other groups. Uric acid and total protein were higher in mha groups. Using radioimmunoassay for human proteins, thyroxine-binding globulin was undetectable. Total and free thyroxine and free triiodothyronine were higher in scrub cows, followed by Vacas de lidia; lower values were detected in sl and mha Holsteins and mha criollas.
Respiratory muscle perfusion in ponies during prolonged submaximal exercise in thermoneutral environment
Authors: Manohar Murli , Duren Stephen E. , Sikkes Bridget , Day Jennifer , Baker John P. 
Published: January 2024

Summary
Distribution of blood flow among various respiratory muscles was examined in 8 healthy ponies during submaximal exercise lasting 30 minutes, using radionuclide labeled 15-μm diameter microspheres injected into the left ventricle. From the resting values (40 ± 2 beats/min; 37.3 ± 0.2 C), heart rate and pulmonary arterial blood temperature increased significantly at 5 (152 ± 8 beats/min; 38.6 ± 0.2 C), 15 (169 ± 6 beats/min; 39.8 ± 0.2 C), and 26 (186 ± 8 beats/min; 40.8 ± 0.2 C) minutes of exertion, and the ponies sweated profusely. Mean aortic pressure also increased progressively as exercise duration increased. Blood flow increased significantly with exercise in all respiratory muscles. Among inspiratory muscles, perfusion was greatest in the diaphragm and ventral serratus, compared with external intercostal, dorsal serratas, and scalenus muscles. Among expiratory muscles, blood flow in the internal abdominal oblique muscle was greatest, followed by that in internal intercostal and transverse throacic muscles, in which the flow values remained similar. The remaining 3 abdominal muscles had similar blood flow, but these values were less than that in the internal intercostal, transverse thoracic, and internal abdominal oblique muscles. Blood flow values for all inspiratory and expiratory muscles remained similar for the 5 and 15 minutes of exertion. However, at 26 minutes, blood flow had increased further in the diaphragm, external intercostal, internal intercostal, transverse thoracic, and the external abdominal oblique muscle as vascular resistance decreased. On the basis of our findings, all respiratory muscles were activated during submaximal exercise and their perfusion had marked heterogeneity. Also, blood flow in respiratory muscles was well maintained as exercise duration progressed; in fact, several muscles had a further increase in perfusion late during exercise.
Characterization of the renal response to protein ingestion in dogs with experimentally induced renal failure
Authors: Brown Scott A. , Finco Delmar R. 
Published: January 2024

Summary
Effects of a protein meal (2.7 g of casein/kg of body weight) on glomerular filtration rate (gfr) and renal plasma flow (rpf) were assessed in dogs after 15/16 nephrectomy (n = 10), and were compared with observations in dogs with intact kidneys (n = 5). Increase in gfr and rpf was observed in both groups of dogs between 1.5 and 8 hours after protein ingestion. A maximal value for gfr was observed between 4 and 5 hours after protein ingestion in dogs of both groups. Enhancement of urinary protein excretion was evident in partially nephrectomized dogs after protein ingestion (P < 0.05), a result that was confirmed by 24-hour total urine collection from partially nephrectomized dogs fed a balanced ration.
A qualitatively similar vasodilatory response was observed in partially nephrectomized dogs and in dogs with intact kidneys, and the mean maximal increase of gfr and rpf expressed as a percentage of baseline values in the latter dogs (47.0 ± 8.1 and 43.6 ± 10.3%, respectively) exceeded that observed in partially nephrectomized dogs (20.8 ± 2.2 and 22.7 ± 6.3%, respectively; P < 0.01). The incremental response of the kidneys to protein ingestion was directly related to the degree of renal function, as reflected in the linear regression relationship between the incremental increase in gfr and the baseline value for gfr (P < 0.01, R2 = 0.721).
Arthrotomy versus arthroscopy and partial synovectomy for treatment of experimentally induced infectious arthritis in horses
Authors: Bertone Alicia L. , Davis D. Michael , Cox Hollis U. , Kamerling Steven S. , Roberts Edward D. , Caprile Kelli A. , Gossett Kent A. 
Published: January 2024

Summary
To evaluate the clinical, laboratory, and histologic effects of 2 methods of treatment for infectious arthritis in horses, Staphylococcus aureus (3.4 to 3.9 × 103 colony-forming units) was inoculated into the tarsocrural joints of 8 horses on day 0. Each horse was treated with phenylbutazone (2 g, po, q 24 h) and gentamicin sulfate (2.2 mg/kg of body weight, iv, q 8 h) for 14 days. On day 2, general anesthesia was induced, and each horse had 1 tarsocrural joint treated by arthrotomy, with removal of accessible fibrin and lavage with 3 L of sterile balanced electrolyte solution. An indwelling plastic drain was placed in the standing horse to provide a means for lavage with 3 L of balanced electrolyte solution twice daily for 72 hours. The contralateral tarsocrural joint was treated via arthroscopic debridement, synovectomy, and lavage with 3 L of balanced electrolyte solution. Arthrotomy and arthroscopic portals were allowed to heal by second intention. Lameness and thermographic examinations, analysis and bacteriologic culture of synovia, cbc, and wbc differential count were performed prior to inoculation and on days 1, 3, 6, 8, and 13. On day 14, each horse was euthanatized, and the joints were measured, opened, and photographed. Synovium and articular cartilage were obtained for semiquantitative histologic (H&E stain) and histochemical (safranin O fast green stain) evaluation. Lameness and joint circumference were significantly (P < 0.05) greater in limbs treated by arthroscopy, synovectomy, and lavage. Arthrotomy with lavage eliminated the S aureus infection significantly (P < 0.05) earlier than arthroscopy, synovectomy, and lavage; however, both treatments eliminated the infection in all but a single joint. Contamination with other organisms (Streptococcus spp and Enterobacter spp) developed significantly (P < 0.05) more often in joints treated by arthrotomy. These results suggested that arthrotomy with lavage was more effective in eliminating joint infection by providing better drainage than arthroscopy, synovectomy, and lavage; however, arthrotomy had a higher risk of ascending bacterial contamination of the joint.
Histologic evaluation of nerve muscle pedicle graft used as a treatment for left laryngeal hemiplegia in Standardbreds
Authors: Fulton Ian C. , Derksen Frederik J. , Stick John A. , Robinson N. Edward , Duncan Ian D. 
Published: January 2024

Summary
A nerve muscle pedicle (nmp) graft was placed in the cricoarytenoideus dorsalis (cad) muscle of 6 horses with induced left laryngeal hemiplegia. The nmp graft was created by use of the first cervical nerve and omohyoideus muscle. In 1 horse (control), the first cervical nerve was transected after placement of the nmp graft. One year after the surgical procedure, horses were examined endoscopically and then anesthetized. While the larynx was observed endoscopically, the first cervical nerve was stimulated. Horses were subsequently euthanatized, and the larynx was harvested.
Prior to anesthesia, the endoscopic appearance of the larynx of all horses was typical of laryngeal hemiplegia. During anesthesia, stimulation of the first cervical nerve produced vigorous abduction of the left aiytenoid in principal horses but not in the control horse. The right cricoarytenoideus lateralis and cad muscles were grossly and histologically normal. Also, the left cricoarytenoideus lateralis was atrophic in all horses as was the left cad muscle of the control horse. In contrast, the left cad muscle harvested from principal horses had evidence of reinnervation with type 1 or type 2 fiber grouping. One year after the nmp graft procedure, horses with left laryngeal hemiplegia had reinnervation of the left cad muscle. In another study, reinnervation was sufficient to allow normal laryngeal function during exercise. Combined, these data suggest that the nmp graft procedure is a viable technique for the treatment of left laryngeal hemiplegia in horses.
Accuracy of ultrasonography in the detection of severe hepatic lipidosis in cats
Authors: Yeager Amy E. , Mohammed Hussni 
Published: January 2024

Summary
The accuracy of ultrasonography in detection of feline hepatic lipidosis was studied retrospectively. The following ultrasonographic criteria were associated positively with severe hepatic lipidosis: the liver hyperechoic, compared with falciform fat; the liver isoechoic or hyperechoic, compared with omental fat; poor visualization of intrahepatic vessel borders; and increased attenuation of sound by the liver. In a group of 36 cats with clinically apparent hepatobiliary disease and in which liver biopsy was done, liver hyperechoic, compared with falciform fat, was the best criterion for diagnosis of severe hepatic lipidosis with 91% sensitivity, 100% specificity, and 100% positive predictive value.
Relation among body condition score, serum urea nitrogen and cholesterol concentrations, and reproductive performance in high-producing Holstein dairy cows in early lactation
Authors: Ruegg Pamela L. , Goodger William J. , Holmberg Charles A. , Weaver Leon D. , Huffman E. Michael 
Published: January 2024

Summary
Body condition scoring (using a 5-point scale with quarterpoint divisions) was performed on 66 Holstein dairy cows that began their second or later lactation in August, September, or October 1988. Cows’ body condition was scored beginning on postpartum day 4 (± 1) and subsequently at postpartum days (± 1) 18, 32, 46, 60, 73 and 87. Blood samples were obtained on the same dates. Reproductive health examinations were conducted by 1 of 2 veterinarians beginning at postpartum day 21. Reproductive performance was evaluated in relation to body condition score and serum urea nitrogen and cholesterol concentrations.
Number of days to first recorded signs of estrus and first breeding were not related to body condition score at calving, amount of condition loss, cumulative 80-day milk yield, or 305-day fat corrected milk yield. Cows that calved with body condition score ≥ 3.50 required more days to conceive. Cows losing > 0.75 points of condition had longer days of conception. Body condition score at calving and amount of condition lost were not related to services per conception or diagnosis of follicular cyst.
Cumulative 80-day milk yield was not related to days to conception or services per conception. Cows that produced = the mean 305-day milk yield required more services and had longer days to conception than cows that produced < the mean 305-day milk yield. Cows with diagnosis of ovarian follicular cysts had greater cumulative 80- and 305-day milk yields than did cows that were not diagnosed with follicular cysts.
Cows conceiving with ≤ 2 services did not differ in average daily milk production, body condition score, or serum urea nitrogen concentration from cows conceiving with > 2 services, but cows that conceived with ≤ 2 services had higher serum cholesterol values than did cows requiring more services.
Direct cutaneous arterial supply to the tail in dogs
Authors: Smith Mark M. , Carrig Colin B. , Waldron Don R. , Trevor Peter B. 
Published: January 2024

Summary
Cutaneous arterial blood supply to the tail was evaluated in 12 dogs. Subtraction radiography of internal iliac artery and distal aorta angiography in 3 of these dogs was used to determine arterial blood supply to the tail from the median sacral and lateral caudal arteries. Dissection of the tail in 8 canine cadavers revealed bilateral subcutaneous location of lateral caudal arteries following tail amputation. An axial pattern flap based on the lateral caudal arteries contributed to the reconstruction of a large caudodorsal cutaneous defect in a dog. An axial pattern flap based on the lateral caudal arteries following tail amputation may be indicated to aid reconstruction of large caudodorsal cutaneous defects of the trunk in dogs.
Exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage in horses with experimentally induced allergic lung disease
Authors: Derksen Frederik J. , Slocombe Ronald F. , Gray Peter R. , Robinson N. Edward 
Published: January 2024

Summary
The lungs of sensitized horses were exposed to aerosolized ovalbumin. Some horses (n = 4) were given ovalbumin in 1 lung only, whereas in others (n = 7), ovalbumin or vehicle were inoculated in the cranial, ventral, and caudal regions of the caudal lung lobe. Horses were exercised 5 hours after ovalbumin exposure. Immediately before exercise, endoscopy failed to reveal any abnormality. After exercise, endoscopic examination of horses subjected to unilateral ovalbumin exposure revealed extensive blood in airways leading to the exposed lung in all horses. Blood was not observed in the airways leading to the control lung. Mean (± sem) minimum volume of the exposed and control lungs was 9.5 ± 1.5 and 5.5 ± 1.6 L, respectively; this difference was statistically significant (P< 0.05). Bronchoscopy of horses subjected to regional ovalbumin or vehicle exposure and exercise revealed a small amount of blood-tinged fluid in the bronchi serving the regions of the lung inoculated with ovalbumin. Minimum volumes of such regions were not significantly different from one another. However, their minimum volume was significantly (P<0.05) larger than that of vehicle-inoculated regions. Gross and histologic examination confirmed inflammation and hemorrhage in the ovalbumin-exposed, but not the control lungs or lung regions. Thus, exercise can cause blood from an injured region of lung to appear in the larger airways. Regional differences in lung structure and function do not influence the appearance of blood in the airways.