bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Photo-Thermal Conversion Analysis of a Medium-Flux Direct Absorption Solar System Using Gold Nanoparticles With Natural Extract of Azadirachta Indica
Authors: Singh Parminder , Kumar Sanjay , Bagha Ashok Kumar 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Recently, direct absorption solar collector (DASC) system has emerged a new class of solar collectors with much improved solar thermal conversion potential over conventional surface-based absorption solar collectors. Further, introducing noble metallic particles like Ag, Au, Al, TiN, or Cu (at nano ranges) in the working fluids enhanced the optical properties of the working fluid and hence the overall thermal performance of such DASC systems. However, these novel thermal systems are prone to high emissive and radiative losses at high-temperature ranges. Additionally, the nanoparticles used in the working fluid are expensive, toxic after use, complex to synthesize, and mostly non-biodegradable. In the present study, a medium-flux asymmetric compound parabolic concentrator (ACPC) based concentrating DASC system has been tested over clear sky days in the months of September and October, 2022 at the composite climate of Jalandhar (latitude 31.25 deg N, longitude 75.44 deg E), India. A hybrid heat transfer fluid is prepared using Azadirachta Indica leaves’ extract and blended with gold plasmonic nanoparticles (Au nanoparticles of mean sizes ∼ 40 nm, mass fraction ∼ 4 ppm) to improve the overall thermal performance of the concentrating DASC system. Stored energy fraction of hybrid heat transfer fluid at a depth of 2 cm reached about 74.9%, which is about 67% higher than base fluid water. The outdoor experiments showed that hybrid heat transfer fluid had about 10.4 °C higher temperature gains in concentrating DASC system, and the photo-thermal efficiency was enhanced up to 40% as compared to base fluid water. The study demonstrates the advantage of an eco-friendly, low cost, and highly stable hybrid heat transfer fluid as a potential candidate for a medium-flux DASC system.
Clinical use of an emergency manual by resuscitation teams and impact on performance in the emergency department: a prospective mixed-methods study protocol
Authors: Dryver Eric , Olsson de Capretz Pontus , Mohammad Mohammed , Armelin Malin , Dupont William D. , Bergenfelz Anders , Ekelund Ulf 
Published: October 2023

IntroductionSimulation-based studies indicate that crisis checklist use improves management of patients with critical conditions in the emergency department (ED). An interview-based study suggests that use of an emergency manual (EM)—a collection of crisis checklists—improves management of clinical perioperative crises. There is a need for in-depth prospective studies of EM use during clinical practice, evaluating when and how EMs are used and impact on patient management.Methods and analysisThis 6-month long study prospectively evaluates a digital EM during management of priority 1 patients in the Skåne University Hospital at Lund’s ED. Resuscitation teams are encouraged to use the EM after a management plan has been derived (‘Do-Confirm’). The documenting nurse activates and reads from the EM, and checklists are displayed on a large screen visible to all team members. Whether the EM is activated, and which sections are displayed, are automatically recorded. Interventions performed thanks to Do-Confirm EM use are registered by the nurse. Fifty cases featuring such interventions are reviewed by specialists in emergency medicine blinded to whether the interventions were performed prior to or after EM use. All interventions are graded as indicated, of neutral relevance or not indicated. The primary outcome measures are the proportions of interventions performed thanks to Do-Confirm EM use graded as indicated, of neutral relevance, and not indicated. A secondary outcome measure is the team’s subjective evaluation of the EM’s value on a Likert scale of 1–6. Team members can report events related to EM use, and information from these events is extracted through structured interviews.Ethics and disseminationThe study is approved by the Swedish Ethical Review Authority (Dnr 2022-01896-01). Results will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and abstracts submitted to national and international conferences to disseminate our findings.Trial registration numberNCT05649891.
Survival analysis and nomogram for pulmonary sarcomatoid carcinoma: an SEER analysis and external validation
Authors: Wu Weishuai , Zheng Lijing , Li Feng , Chen Hongchao , Huang Chen , Chen Qianshun , Lin Yidan , Xu Xunyu , Dai Yongmei 
Published: October 2023

ObjectiveUncommon and particularly deadly, pulmonary sarcomatoid carcinoma (PSC) is an aggressive type of lung cancer. This research aimed to create a risk categorisation and nomogram to forecast the overall survival (OS) of patients with PSC.MethodsTo develop the model, 899 patients with PSC were taken from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database from the USA. We also used an exterior verification sample of 34 individuals with PSC from Fujian Provincial Hospital in China. The Cox regression hazards model and stepwise regression analysis were done to screen factors in developing a nomogram. The nomogram’s ability to discriminate was measured employing the area under a time-dependent receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), the concordance index (C-index) and the calibration curve. Decision curve analysis (DCA) and integrated discrimination improvement (IDI) were used to evaluate the nomogram to the tumour–node–metastasis categorisation developed by the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC-TNM), eighth edition, and an additional sample confirmed the nomogram’s accuracy. We further developed a risk assessment system based on nomogram scores.ResultsSix independent variables, age, sex, primary tumour site, pathological group, tumour–node–metastasis (TNM) clinical stage and therapeutic technique, were chosen to form the nomogram’s basis. The nomogram indicated good discriminative ability with the C-index (0.763 in the training cohort and 0.746 in the external validation cohort) and time-dependent AUC. Calibration plots demonstrated high congruence between the prediction model and real-world evidence in both the validation and training cohorts. Nomogram outperformed the AJCC-TNM eighth edition classification in both DCA and IDI. Patients were classified into subgroups according to their risk ratings, and significant differences in OS were observed between them (p<0.001).ConclusionWe conducted a survival analysis and nomogram for PSC. This developed nomogram holds potential to serve as an efficient tool for clinicians in prognostic modelling.
Adverse childhood experiences, morbidity, mortality and resilience in socially excluded populations: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Campbell Alexander Charles , Pearce Lindsay A , Willoughby Melissa , Borschmann Rohan , Young Jesse , Bruun Andrew , Sundbery Jacqui , Kinner Stuart A 
Published: October 2023

IntroductionSocially excluded populations, defined by homelessness, substance use disorder, sex work or criminal justice system contact, experience profound health inequity compared with the general population. Cumulative exposure to adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), including neglect, abuse and household dysfunction before age 18, has been found to be independently associated with both an increased risk of social exclusion and adverse health and mortality outcomes in adulthood.Despite this, the impact of ACEs on health and mortality within socially excluded populations is poorly understood.Methods and analysisWe will search MEDLINE, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Educational Resources Information Center, PsycINFO, Applied Social Science Index and Abstracts and Criminal Justice Database for peer-reviewed studies measuring ACEs and their impact on health and mortality in socially excluded populations.Three review questions will guide our data extraction and analysis. First, what is the prevalence of ACEs among people experiencing social exclusion in included studies? Second, what is the relationship between ACEs and health and mortality outcomes among people experiencing social exclusion? Does resilience modify the strength of association between ACEs and health outcomes among people experiencing social exclusion?We will meta-analyse the relationship between ACE exposure and health outcomes classified into six a prior categories: (1) substance use disorders; (2) sexual and reproductive health; (3) communicable diseases; (4) mental illness; (5) non-communicable diseases and (6) violence victimisation, perpetration and injury. If there are insufficient studies for meta-analysis, we will conduct a narrative synthesis. Study quality will be assessed using the MethodologicAl STandards for Epidemiological Research scale.Ethics and disseminationOur findings will be disseminated in a peer-reviewed journal, in presentations at academic conferences and in a brief report for policy makers and service providers. We do not require ethics approval as this review will use data that have been previously published.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42022357565.
Identifying costs in health professions education: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Yaros Jennifer , de Mortier Chloe , oude Egbrink Mirjam G A , Evers Silvia , Paulus Aggie 
Published: October 2023

IntroductionProfound changes in the healthcare sector and the growing, global shortage of healthcare workers are driving the demand to update and scale-up health professions education (HPE). At the same time, educational institutions are faced with increasing resource scarcity and decisions of where and how to allocate resources must be made conscious of costs. However, costs are known to be inaccurately and incompletely identified in HPE research. Therefore, to improve rigour in cost evidence and enable its use in decision-making, it is necessary to have a better understanding of the costs, stakeholders and cost identification methods being used in HPE research. This protocol has been developed to outline the rationale and methods for a scoping review of the literature intended to map the current state of cost and cost identification evidence in HPE.Methods and analysisThis protocol is developed in accordance with the Joanna Briggs Institute Manual for Evidence Synthesis. PubMed, ERIC, CINAHL and PsycInfo will be scoped for all types of English language publications from 2012 to 2022 that investigate costs associated with the education of health professionals. Two independent reviewers will assess publications for eligibility. Data will be extracted on the educational topic and context, the costs, cost types, perspectives and methods of cost identification as represented in the literature.Ethics and disseminationNo human participants are involved in this scoping review. All evidence for this study are sourced from public databases; therefore, ethical approval was not required. Final results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications and presented at conferences.Trial registration numberA preliminary version of this protocol was prospectively registered on Open Science Framework (OSF) on 13 June 2022 and is available athttps://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/ET4XB.
Outcomes of right heart dysfunction in the acutely and severely unwell: protocol for a prospective, longitudinal observational study using multimodal assessment
Authors: Gerhardy Benjamin , Orde Sam , Morgan Lucy 
Published: October 2023

IntroductionThe relationship of acute right heart dysfunction (RHD) with long-term cardiopulmonary dysfunction and its’ associated morbidity has not been clearly elucidated. We propose a prospective, observational study to assess the natural history of acute RHD using a combination of imaging, functional and qualitative assessment methods, including the recently described combination of simultaneous maximal effort cardiopulmonary exercise testing and stress echocardiography.Methods and analysisWe propose a single-centre study of patients ≥18 years admitted to either the intensive care or respiratory close observation units with RHD on transthoracic echocardiography (TTE). Participants will undergo a repeat TTE ~72 hours after the initial study, with a final TTE performed prior to discharge in patients who have a prolonged (>1 week) stay. Inpatient clinical, biochemical and therapeutic indices will be collected contemporaneously. At ~6 months postdischarge, participants will undergo evaluation with validated symptom assessment tools (Dyspnoea-12 and PAH-SYMPACT Questionnaires) and a combined maximal effort cardiopulmonary exercise test and stress echocardiogram. This study is an observational, hypothesis-generating study with a recruitment target of 100 patients established based on typical admission rates of the relevant hospital departments. Measures of central tendency and dispersion will be used to describe the cohort. Inferential statistics will be used to compare the two a priori defined groups of those whose RHD had resolved prior to hospital discharge and those whose dysfunction persisted at time of discharge.Ethics and disseminationThis study has received ethics approval from the local ethics committee (Nepean and Blue Mountains Local Health District approval, project 2021/ETH12111). Written informed consent will be sought from all patients prior to recruitment. The results will be submitted for publication in a relevant peer-reviewed journal and presented at an appropriate national/international conference.Study registrationAustralian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry, ANZCTR12623000309684.
Placebo and nocebo effects and mechanisms associated with pharmacological interventions: an umbrella review
Authors: Frisaldi Elisa , Shaibani Aziz , Benedetti Fabrizio , Pagnini Francesco 
Published: October 2023

ObjectivesThis review aimed to summarise the existing knowledge about placebo and nocebo effects associated with pharmacological interventions and their mechanisms.DesignUmbrella review, adopting the Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews 2 tool for critical appraisal.Data sourcesMEDLINE/PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, PsycINFO, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trial were searched in September 2022, without any time restriction, for systematic reviews, narrative reviews, original articles. Results were summarised through narrative synthesis, tables, 95% CI.Outcome measuresMechanisms underlying placebo/nocebo effects and/or their effect sizes.ResultsThe databases search identified 372 studies, for a total of 158 312 participants, comprising 41 systematic reviews, 312 narrative reviews and 19 original articles. Seventy-three per cent of the examined systematic reviews were of high quality.Our findings revealed that mechanisms underlying placebo and/or nocebo effects have been characterised, at least in part, for: pain, non-noxious somatic sensation, Parkinson’s disease, migraine, sleep disorders, intellectual disability, depression, anxiety, dementia, addiction, gynaecological disorders, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, immune and endocrine systems, cardiovascular and respiratory systems, gastrointestinal disorders, skin diseases, influenza and related vaccines, oncology, obesity, physical and cognitive performance. Their magnitude ranged from 0.08 to 2.01 (95% CI 0.37 to 0.89) for placebo effects and from 0.32 to 0.90 (95% CI 0.24 to 1.00) for nocebo effects.ConclusionsThis study provides a valuable tool for clinicians and researchers, identifying both results ready for clinical practice and gaps to address in the near future.FundingUniversità Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy with the ‘Finanziamento Ponte 2022’ grant.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42023392281.
Slow-roll inflation and growth of perturbations in Kaniadakis modification of Friedmann cosmology
Authors: Lambiase G. , Luciano G. G. , Sheykhi A. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractKaniadakis entropy is a one-parameter deformation of the classical Boltzmann–Gibbs–Shannon entropy, arising from a self-consistent relativistic statistical theory. Assuming a Kaniadakis-type generalization of the entropy associated with the apparent horizon of Friedmann–Robertson–Walker (FRW) Universe and using the gravity-thermodynamics conjecture, a new cosmological scenario is obtained based on the modified Friedmann equations. By employing such modified equations, we analyze the slow-roll inflation, driven by a scalar field with power-law potential, at the early stages of the Universe. We explore the phenomenological consistency of this model by computation of the scalar spectral index and tensor-to-scalar ratio. Comparison with the latest BICEP and Planck data allows us to constrain Kaniadakis parameter to $$\kappa \lesssim \mathcal {O}(10^{-12}\div 10^{-11})$$

κ
≲
O
(

10

-
12

÷

10

-
11

)

, which is discussed in relation to other observational bounds in the literature. We also disclose the effects of Kaniadakis correction term on the growth of perturbations at the early stages of the Universe by employing the spherically symmetric collapse formalism in the linear regime of density perturbations. We find out that the profile of density contrast is non-trivially affected in this scenario. Interestingly enough, we observe that increasing Kaniadakis parameter $$\kappa $$
κ
corresponds to a faster growth of perturbations in a Universe governed by the corrected Friedmann equations. Finally, we comment on the consistency of the primordial power spectrum for scalar perturbations with the best data-fit provided by Planck.
Identification of Differences in Body Composition Measures Using 3D-Derived Artificial Intelligence from Multiple CT Scans across the L3 Vertebra Compared to a Single Mid-Point L3 CT Scan
Authors: Cao Ke , Yeung Josephine , Arafat Yasser , Wei Matthew Y. K. , Yeung Justin M. C. , Baird Paul N. 
Published: October 2023

Purpose. Body composition analysis in colorectal cancer (CRC) typically utilises a single 2D-abdominal axial CT slice taken at the mid-L3 level. The use of artificial intelligence (AI) allows for analysis of the entire L3 vertebra (non-mid-L3 and mid-L3). The goal of this study was to determine if the use of an AI approach offered any additional information on capturing body composition measures. Methods. A total of 2203 axial CT slices of the entire L3 level (4–46 slices were available per patient) were retrospectively collected from 203 CRC patients treated at Western Health, Melbourne (97 males; 47.8%). A pretrained artificial intelligence (AI) model was used to segment muscle, visceral adipose tissue (VAT), and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) on these slices. The difference in body composition measures between mid-L3 and non-mid-L3 scans was compared for each patient, and for males and females separately. Results. Body composition measures derived from non-mid-L3 scans exhibited a median range of 0.85% to 6.28% (average percent difference) when compared to the use of a single mid-L3 scan. Significant variation in the VAT surface area (

p

= 0.02) was observed in females compared to males, whereas male patients exhibited a greater variation in SAT surface area (

p

< 0.001) and radiodensity (

p

= 0.007). Conclusion. Significant differences in various body composition measures were observed when comparing non-mid-L3 slices to only the mid-L3 slice. Researchers should be aware that considering only the use of a single midpoint L3 CT scan slice will impact the estimate of body composition measurements.
The Effect of Thylakoid Membranes of Spinach Extract Supplementation on Atherogenic, Glycemic, and Anthropometric Indices and Renal Function in Obese PCOS Women under a Hypo-Caloric Diet: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Controlled Trial
Authors: Nikrad Negin , Mokhtari Ardekani Abnoos , Farhangi Mahdieh Abbasalizad , Zahiri Tousi Ayda , Pourteymour Fard Tabrizi Fatemeh , Vaezi Maryam , Hemmati Salar 
Published: October 2023

Background. Hyperandrogenism is a common disorder in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) that can cause changes in body fat distribution and the amount of visceral adipose tissue. Visceral adiposity impairs insulin action, leading to insulin resistance (IR), cardiovascular disease, and renal disorders due to obesity and insulin resistance. Dietary thylakoids reduce visceral fat mass by suppressing appetite and regulating body weight. The present trial aimed to evaluate the fat distribution and renal function after thylakoid membranes of spinach supplementation along with a hypo-caloric diet. Methods. Forty-four obese women with PCOS participated in this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial for 12 weeks and were allocated to receive 5 gr of thylakoid membranes of spinach extract combined with hypo-caloric diet or 5 gr placebo along with a hypo-caloric diet. Novel atherogenic and anthropometric indices including the atherogenic index of plasma (AIP), Castelli risk index I (CRI-I), Castelli risk index II (CRI-II), TyG-BMI (TyG-BMI), metabolic score for insulin resistance (METS-IR), abdominal volume index (AVI), body adiposity index (BAI), a body shape index (ABSI), and serum urea, creatinine, and total protein were assessed at the baseline and end of the intervention period. Results. Thylakoid membranes of spinach supplementation along with a calorie restriction diet showed a significant decrease in the AIP, CRI-I, II, TyG-BMI, and METS-IR (

P

< 0.05). AVI, BAI, and ABSI were found to reduce in the thylakoid and placebo groups (

P

< 0.05). However, the changes in serum urea, creatinine, and total protein did not show significant differences between the intervention and placebo groups. Conclusion. After 12-week supplementation with thylakoid membranes extracted from spinach, improvements in the value of atherogenic indices and insulin resistance surrogate markers were observed, while this intervention did not make a significant difference in the serum levels of renal function factors. This trial is registered with IRCT20140907019082N9.
SOX10 Loss Sensitizes Melanoma Cells to Cytokine-Mediated Inflammatory Cell Death
Authors: Rosenbaum Sheera R. , Caksa Signe , Stefanski Casey D. , Trachtenberg Isabella V. , Wilson Haley P. , Wilski Nicole A. , Ott Connor A. , Purwin Timothy J. , Haj Jelan I. , Pomante Danielle , Kotas Daniel , Chervoneva Inna , Capparelli Claudia , Aplin Andrew E. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

The transcription factor, SOX10, plays an important role in the differentiation of neural crest precursors to the melanocytic lineage. Malignant transformation of melanocytes leads to the development of melanoma, and SOX10 promotes melanoma cell proliferation and tumor formation. SOX10 expression in melanomas is heterogeneous, and loss of SOX10 causes a phenotypic switch toward an invasive, mesenchymal-like cell state and therapy resistance; hence, strategies to target SOX10-deficient cells are an active area of investigation. The impact of cell state and SOX10 expression on antitumor immunity is not well understood but will likely have important implications for immunotherapeutic interventions. To this end, we tested whether SOX10 status affects the response to CD8+ T cell–mediated killing and T cell–secreted cytokines, TNFα and IFNγ, which are critical effectors in the cytotoxic killing of cancer cells. We observed that genetic ablation of SOX10 rendered melanoma cells more sensitive to CD8+ T cell–mediated killing and cell death induction by either TNFα or IFNγ. Cytokine-mediated cell death in SOX10-deficient cells was associated with features of caspase-dependent pyroptosis, an inflammatory form of cell death that has the potential to increase immune responses.

Implications:
These data support a role for SOX10 expression altering the response to T cell–mediated cell death and contribute to a broader understanding of the interaction between immune cells and melanoma cells.