bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis, Spectral, Valence‐Bond Parameters, and Single Crystal X‐ray Structural Studies on [Ni(dnpdtc)(PPh3)(NCS)] and [Ni(dnpdtc)(PPh3)(CN)]
Authors: Prakasam B. Arul , Ramalingam K. , Bocelli G. , Olla R. 
Published: January 2004

AbstractTwo new nickel complexes withplanar surrounding of Ni [Ni(dnpdtc)(PPh3)(NCS)] (1) and [Ni(dnpdtc)(PPh3)(CN)] (2) (dnpdtc=N, N‐dipropyldithiocarbamate) were prepared from the parent dithiocarbamate and were characterized by elemental analysis, electronic, IR and NMR spectra. The structures of both the complexes were determined by single crystal X‐ray crystallography. Thioureide stretching vibrations occur at 1528 cm‐1 and 1521 cm‐1 for 1 and 2 respectively. Large 31P chemical shifts were observed for the two compounds. A significant asymmetry in Ni—S bond distances was observed in compound 1 [2.1700(16) and 2.2251(17)Å] whereas in compound 2 the bond distances were almost similar [2.2100(14) and 2.2122(13)Å]. A marginal difference was observed with respect to the thioureide bond distances [1.340(6)Å for 1 and 1.312(5)Å for 2]. The observation clearly supports the less effective trans influence of SCN— over PPh3. However, PPh3 and CN— show almost similar trans influence.
Single Crystal Growth and Crystal Structure of Mercurous Diarsenate(V), (Hg2)2(As2O7)
Authors: Weil Matthias 
Published: January 2004

AbstractPolycrystalline mercurous diarsenate(V), (Hg2)2(As2O7), was prepared by a redox‐reaction between stoichiometric amounts of HgO and As2O3. Canary yellow single crystals were obtained by subsequent chemical transport reactions using HgCl2 as transport agent [550 → 500 °C, 5 d, sealed and evacuated silica ampoules]. The crystal structure (orthorhombic, Pnma, Z = 4, a = 9.9803(8), b = 12.2039(10), c = 7.2374(6)Å) is composed of two crystallographically independent Hg dumbbells (d¯(Hg—Hg) = 2.5133Å) with a symmetric oxygen coordination sphere, and a diarsenate group with a staggered conformation and a bent bridging angle As—O—As = 121.0(7)°. The building units are arranged in a layer‐like assembly parallel to (010) and are connected via common oxygen atoms to form a three‐dimensional network.
Synthesen und NMR‐Untersuchungen von Salzen mit den neuen Anionen [PtXn(CF3)6‐n]2— (n = 0 ‐ 5, X = F, OH, Cl, CN) und die Kristallstrukturanalyse von K2[(CF3)2F2Pt(μ‐OH)2PtF2(CF3)2]·2H2O
Authors: Balters S. , Bernhardt E. , Willner H. , Berends T. 
Published: January 2004

AbstractÜber erste Synthesen von Trifluormetylkomplexen des Platins durch Fluorierung von Cyanoplatinaten wird berichtet. Die Fluorierung des Tetracyanoplatinates(II), K2[Pt(CN)4], und Hexacyanoplatinates(IV), K2[Pt(CN)6], mit ClF in wasserfreier HF führt nach Aufarbeitung der Produkte zu K2[(CF3)2F2Pt(μ‐OH)2PtF2(CF3)2]·2H2O. Der Aufbau des Salzes ist durch eine Röntgenstrukturanalyse abgesichert, P21/c (Nr. 14), a = 11.391(2), b = 11.565(2), c = 13.391(3)Å, β = 90.32(3)°, Z = 4, R1 = 0.0326 (I > 2σ(I)). Bei der Reaktion von [Bu4N]2[Pt(CN)4] mit ClF in CH2Cl2 entstehen hauptsächlich cis‐[Bu4N]2[PtCl2(CF3)4] und fac‐[Bu4N]2[PtCl3(CF3)3], dagegen führt die Umsetzung von [Bu4N]2[Pt(CN)6] mit ClF in CH2Cl2 zu cis‐[Bu4N]2[PtX2(CF3)4], [Bu4N]2[PtX(CF3)5] (X = F, Cl) und [Bu4N]2[Pt(CF3)6]. In den Produkten [Bu4N]2[PtXn(CF3)6‐n] (X = F, Cl, n = 0—3) lassen sich mit (CH3)3SiCl und (CH3)3SiCN bei 50 °C die Fluoroliganden gegen Chloro‐ bzw. Cyanoliganden austauschen. Bei weiterem Erwärmen werden außerdem die Trifluormethylliganden stufenweise gegen Chloro‐ bzw. Cyanoliganden ersetzt, wobei sich intermediär CF2Cl‐ bzw. CF2CN‐Liganden bilden. Der Aufbau der neuen Trifluormethylplatinate wird durch die Analyse der 195Pt‐ und 19F‐NMR‐Spektren eindeutig belegt.
Das Hexagallan [Ga6{SiMe(SiMe3)2}6] und das closo‐Hexagallanat [Ga6{Si(CMe3)3}4(CH2C6H5)2]2— — der Übergang zu einem ungewöhnlichen precloso‐Cluster
Authors: Linti Gerald , Çoban Stella , Dutta Dimple 
Published: January 2004

AbstractAus der Reaktion von “GaI” mit den entsprechenden Silaniden wurden das closo‐Hexagallanat [R4(PhCH2)2Ga6]2— (R = SitBu3) sowie das Hexagallan Ga6R6 (R = SiMe(SiMe3)2) mit nur sechs Gerüstelektronenpaaren erhalten. Die Struktur des letzteren wird durch Jahn‐Teller‐Verzerrung aus dem oktaedrischen Cluster abgeleitet und ist nicht die nach dem Wade‐Mingos‐Konzept erwartete überkappte trigonal‐bipyramidale Struktur. Beide Verbindungen wurden mittels Einkristall‐Röntgenstrukturanalyse charakterisiert. Die Bindungsverhältnisse werden anhand der extrem vereinfachten Modelle Ga6H6 und Ga6H62— mittels DFT‐Berechnungen diskutiert.
Synthesis and Crystal Structures of New Palladium(II)—Gallium(III) Complexes with Bridging Halogenide Ligands
Authors: Gorlov Mikhail , Fischer Andreas , Kloo Lars 
Published: January 2004

AbstractThe reaction of palladium(II) bromide or palladium(II) iodide with the respective gallium(III) halogenide in the presence of aromatic solvents leads to the formation of palladium(II) tetrabromo— and tetraiodogallate. The compounds are isostructural {monoclinic, C2/m, Pd[GaBr4]2: a = 1267(2), b = 808(1), c = 722(1) pm, β = 94.5(1)°; Pd[GaI4]2: a = 1363(1), b = 849.9(4), c = 756.6(7) pm, β = 95.38(3)°}. The structures contain mononuclear complexes Pd[GaX4]2, where X— = Br— (1), I— (2). The crystal structures of 1 and 2 were determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. Crystals of both compounds turned out to be similarly twinned.
Zur Elektronenstruktur metallorganischer Komplexe der f‐Elemente. 58 [1] Optische Untersuchungen orientierter (η5‐Cp)3Nd·EME‐ (EME = Essigsäuremethylester) Einkristalle, und die sich hieraus ergebende eingeschränkte Anwendbarkeit des phänomenologischen Kristallfeld‐Modells auf f‐Element‐Organyle
Authors: Schulz Hartmut , Hagen Chrystel , Reddmann Hauke , Amberger Hanns‐Dieter 
Published: January 2004

AbstractAls Stellvertreter für die leicht kristallisierbaren Essigsäuremethylester‐Addukte der Grundkörper Tris(η5‐cyclopentadienyl)lanthan(III) (Cp3La·EME) (1) und Cp3Nd·EME (2) wurden die Röntgenbeugungseigenschaften von Cp3Pr·EME (3) studiert. Addukt3kristallisiert in der orthorhombischen Raumgruppe Pn2n (Nr. 34, Nicht‐Standard‐Aufstellung) mit vier Molekülen in der Elementarzelle. Die molekularen Hauptdrehachsen der nahezu trigonal‐pyramidalen Moleküle sind nicht nur paarweise weitgehend einheitlich ausgerichtet, sondern auch nahezu parallel zur makroskopischen quasi‐sechszähligen Achse der verzerrt‐hexagonalen Kristalle angeordnet, wodurch optische Polarisationsmessungen ermöglicht werden. Die α‐, σ‐ und π‐Absorptionsspektren von Addukt2wurden im Bereich der nicht‐hypersensitiven Übergänge4I9/2→2P1/2und4I9/2→4F3/2bei Raumtemperatur aufgenommen. Diejenigen des hypersensitiven Überganges4I9/2→4G5/2sowie das α‐Spektrum der f‐f‐Übergänge im Bereich der Charge transfer‐Bande (350‐400 nm) wurden anhand von „optisch verdünntem”︁ Cp3La·EME:Nd3+(4) bei ca. 95 K vermessen. Die Sequenzen der Kristallfeld‐Zustände, die den oben genannten Übergängen des nicht‐hypersensitiven Bereiches sowie den f‐f‐Übergängen innerhalb der Charge‐transfer‐Bande entnommen wurden, stimmen mit den früher rein rechnerisch bestimmten von Cp3Nd·CNC6H11und Cp3Nd·MeTHF überein, allerdings sind die experimentellen Schwerpunkte der Multipletts im Bereich der Charge‐transfer‐Bande bei Verbindung4, Cp3Nd·CNC6H11und Cp3Nd·MeTHF gegenüber den obigen Anpassungsrechnungen teilweise um Hunderte von Wellenzahlen nach niedrigeren Energien verschoben. Die experimentell ermittelte Sequenz der Kristallfeld‐Zustände von Addukt4im hypersensitiven Bereich wird durch die Anpassungsrechnung von Cp3Nd·MeTHF, nicht jedoch durch die von Cp3Nd·CNC6H11reproduziert.
Gulf Stream forcing of the winter North Atlantic oscillation
Authors: Wu Peili , Rodwell Mark J. 
Published: January 2004

AbstractUsing observational datasets and coupled model simulations, it is shown that a surface heat flux pattern associated with Gulf Stream variability plays a role in forcing the winter North Atlantic oscillation. It is suggested that by monitoring the Gulf Stream, it may be possible to produce a useful long‐range NAO forecast. By analysing surface heat flux patterns rather than sea‐surface temperatures (as used in previous studies), we find agreement between observational and model‐based results. The results suggest that there may be systematic errors in the modelled surface heat‐flux sensitivity to SST anomalies but that the modelled atmosphere tends to respond correctly to the heat fluxes it is ‘given’. Copyright © 2004 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of Royal Meteorological Society.
Ultrastructural, tomographic and confocal imaging of the chondrocyte primary cilium in situ
Authors: Jensen C.G. , Poole C.A. , McGlashan S.R. , Marko M. , Issa Z.I. , Vujcich K.V. , Bowser S.S. 
Published: January 2004

AbstractHyaline cartilage chondrocytes express one primary cilium per cell, but its function remains unknown. We examined the ultrastructure of chick embryo sternal chondrocyte cilia and their interaction with extracellular matrix molecules by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and, for the first time, double‐tilt electron tomography. Ciliary bending was also examined by confocal immunohistochemistry. Tomography and TEM showed the ciliary axoneme to interdigitate amongst collagen fibres and condensed proteoglycans. TEM also revealed the presence of electron‐opaque particles in the proximal axoneme which may represent intraciliary‐transport (ICT) particles. We observed a wide range of ciliary bending patterns. Some conformed to a heavy elastica model associated with shear stress. Others were acutely deformed, suggesting ciliary deflection by collagen fibres and proteoglycans with which the cilia make contact. We conclude that mechanical forces transmitted through these matrix macromolecules bend the primary cilium, identifying it as a potential mechanosensor involved in skeletal patterning and growth.
Farnesyl diphosphate synthase activity affects ergosterol level and proliferation of yeast Saccharomyces cerevisae
Authors: Karst Francis , Plochocka Danuta , Meyer Sophie , Szkopinska Anna 
Published: January 2004

AbstractThe yeast farnesyl diphosphate synthase (FPPS) gene was engineered so as to construct allelic forms giving various activities of the enzyme. One of the substitutions was F96W in the chain length determination region. The other, K197, conserved within a consensus sequence found in the majority of FPP and GGPP synthases, was substituted by R, E and V. An intricate correlation has been found between the FPPS activity, the amount of ergosterol synthesized and cell growth of a mutant strain defective in FPPS. About 40% of wt FPPS activity was sufficient to support normal growth of the mutant. With further decline of FPPS activity (20 down to 3%) the amount of ergosterol remained unchanged at ∼0.16% (vs dry weight), whereas growth yield decreased and lag times increased. We postulate that, in addition to ergosterol initiating and maintaining growth of yeast cells, FPP and/or its derivatives participate in these processes.
Strategic, structural contingency and institutional explanations in the adoption of innovative manufacturing practices
Authors: Ketokivi Mikko A , Schroeder Roger G 
Published: January 2004

AbstractThe main argument in this paper is that in order to understand the phenomenon of how innovative manufacturing practices diffuse we need to invoke theoretical arguments other than the ones that are conventionally used. In particular, neo‐institutional arguments can shed light on the determinants of manufacturing practice adoption and implementation. We juxtapose both theoretically and empirically three different theoretical perspectives that can be used to address the phenomenon: strategic contingency, structural contingency and neo‐institutional arguments. A preliminary empirical test of the three competing perspectives is tested in a sample of 164 manufacturing plants. We find that the institutional perspective explains much more of the variance in the practices adopted and implemented by the plants than either the structural contingency or the strategic contingency theories. This motivates future research using some of the less familiar theoretical approaches.
Exploring flexibility and execution competencies of manufacturing firms
Authors: Narasimhan Ram , Talluri Srinivas , Das Ajay 
Published: January 2004

AbstractManufacturing flexibilities improve a firm’s ability to react to customer demands without incurring excessive time and cost penalties. While development of manufacturing flexibilities is desirable and indeed critical for some firms, exploiting the flexibility capabilities to achieve tangible firm‐level performance outcomes througheffective executionis becoming increasingly important. This paper presents a conceptual model that introduces two new constructs:flexibility competence and execution competenceas distinct from manufacturing flexibility. Based on the proposed conceptual model and a multistage data envelopment analysis (MDEA) of empirical data, the roles of flexibility and execution competencies in determining performance are examined. The results indicate that some firms are more effective than others in exploiting investments in advanced manufacturing technologies and strategic sourcing initiatives to develop manufacturing flexibilities. Thus, lending credibility to the new construct referred to as flexibility competence. We also conclude that some firms are more effective than others in converting manufacturing flexibilities into tangible firm‐level performance, suggesting that execution competence is an important construct that needs attention. We suggest future research in this area for comprehensively investigating these two new constructs proposed in this paper and identifying the factors that influence them.
Effects of IPO mispricing on the risk and reputational capital of commercial banks
Authors: Fields L.Paige , Fraser Donald R. 
Published: January 2004

AbstractWe provide direct evidence regarding the risk and reputational capital implications of commercial bank securities underwriting activities. Using a large sample of commercial bank underwritten initial public offerings (IPOs) and comparisons with investment bank underwritten issues, we find that (1) commercial banks are no more likely to misprice IPOs than are traditional investment banks, and (2) the market reaction to mispriced IPOs is no greater for commercial banks than for traditional investment banks. Our evidence, thus, is consistent with the policy implications of other research justifying repeal of the Glass–Steagall Act. Specifically, we find no evidence that bank shareholders or the public are exposed to greater risk when banks are allowed to underwriter securities.
Ron Scollon, Mediated discourse: The nexus of
practice. London & New York: Routledge, 2001. Pp. ix,
182. Pb $29.80; and Yuling Pan, Suzanne Wong Scollon, &
Ron Scollon. Professional communication in international
settings. Malden, MA: Blackwell, 2002. Pp. x, 240. Hb $73.95
Authors: Sun Hao 
Published: January 2004

Mediated Discourse (MD)
reports a longitudinal study of the development of a one-year-old
child, focusing on a single, narrowly defined social practice
– handing, or “the simple practice of giving an
object to another person” (p. 12). In this book, R. Scollon
proposes a framework of mediated discourse to address social
(practice) theory, which was “badly in need of an ontogenetic
view of social practice” (vii).Although Ron Scollon is an author of both books under review, the
second differs from the first, theoretical, work in focusing on practical
application. Professional communication in international settings
(PCIIS) is an excellent book that is much needed by professionals,
researchers, trainers, or anyone else involved in business or professional
communication across cultural boundaries. Different from many other books on
the same subject, its goal is to offer a method for effective communication,
and it can be used as either a textbook or a reference.
The Influence of Opioid Peptides on Steroidogenesis in Porcine Granulosa Cells
Authors: Kaminski T , Siawrys G , Bogacka I , Okrasa S , Przala J 
Published: January 2004

ContentsThe present studies were undertaken to examine the influence of μ (β‐endorphin, DAMGO, FK 33‐824), δ (met‐enkephalin, leu‐enkephalin, DPLPE) and κ opioid receptor agonists (dynorphin A, dynorphin B, U 50488) used at different doses (1–1000 nm) alone and in combination with LH (100 ng/ml) on steroidogenesis in porcine granulosa cells derived from large follicles. The effects of μ, δ and κ receptor agonists on both basal and LH‐induced progesterone (P4) secretion were negligible. Agonists of μ opioid receptors reduced basal androstenedione (A4), testosterone (T) and oestradiol (E2) release. Co‐treatment with LH entirely abolished the inhibitory effect of these agonists on A4 and E2 secretion and resulted in an increase in T release. The addition of δ receptor agonists was followed by a decrease in basal A4, T and E2 secretion. The cells incubated in the presence of LH increased the androgen production and abrogated the inhibitory effect of δ agonists on E2 output. Basal A4, T and E2 release was also suppressed by κ receptor agonists. The presence of LH in culture media extended the inhibitory effect of these opioids on E2 output and caused either abolition of the inhibitory influence of κ agonists or even augmentation of both androgen release in response to the opioids. In conclusion, these data support the involvement of three major types of opioid receptors in the regulation of porcine granulosa cell steroidogenesis.
Expression of Occludin in Canine Testis and Epididymis
Authors: Gye MC 
Published: January 2004

ContentsTight junctions (TJ) in inter‐Sertoli junctional areas and epididymal epithelia are important for the formation of blood–testis barrier (BTB) and blood–epididymal barrier (BEB). In this study, the expression of occludin, an integral member of the TJ, was verified in canine testis and epididymis. Both low molecular weight (MW) (25–28 kDa) forms as well as high MW (68–72 kDa) forms of occludin were detected in the testis and epididymis using Western blot. The relative amount of the high MW forms of occludin vs low MW forms was higher in the testis than in the epididymis. Some difference in the composition of different MW forms of occludin was found along the segments of epididymis, suggesting the possible correlation between cellular composition of occludin proteins and paracellular permeability of epithelia along the epididymal tubule. In the testis, intense occludin immunoreactivity was found in the basally located inter‐Sertoli junctional area. Diffused immunoreactivity of occludin was also found in the cytoplasm of Sertoli cells. A similar pattern of zonula occludens‐1 immunoreactivity was found in the cytoplasm of Sertoli cells, suggesting that occludin was not confined to the inter‐Sertoli junctional areas and that subcellular localization of occludin in the Sertoli cells was dynamically regulated during spermatogenesis in canine testis. In the epididymis weak immunoreactivity was found in the apical sides and cytoplasm of epithelial cells.
Exposure to L‐Ascorbic Acid or α‐Tocopherol Facilitates the Development of Porcine Denuded Oocytes from Metaphase I to Metaphase II and Prevents Cumulus Cells from Fragmentation
Authors: Tao Y , Zhou B , Xia G , Wang F , Wu Z , Fu M 
Published: January 2004

ContentsIt is known that α‐tocopherol (vitamin E) and l‐ascorbic acid (vitamin C) can modulate many biochemical processes intracellularly or extracellularly as antioxidants. The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of α‐tocopherol and l‐ascorbic acid on porcine oocyte meiotic maturation, viability and the functions of cumulus cells. In two independent experiments, porcine oocytes with or free from cumulus cells were exposed to different levels of α‐tocopherol (0, 10, 100 and 200 μm) or l‐ascorbic acid (0, 50, 250 and 750 μm). Cumulus expansion, cumulus cell DNA fragmentation, meiotic maturation and degeneration of oocytes were assessed 48 h after in vitro culture. The results showed that: (1) neither α‐tocopherol nor l‐ascorbic acid influenced cumulus expansion but both prevented cumulus cell DNA fragmentation. (2) α‐tocopherol lowered the percentage of denuded oocytes (DOs) arrested at germinal vesicle stage (GV). Among the oocytes undergoing germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) proportion, fewer DOs treated by α‐tocopherol were at metaphase I (MI) and more at metaphase II (MII). l‐ascorbic acid caused lower percentage of DOs arrested at GV stage and higher percentage of DOs undergoing GVBD, especially at MII. The influences of α‐tocopherol and l‐ascorbic acid were not obvious in cumulus‐enclosed oocytes (CEOs). (3) Both vitamins compromised the viability of CEOs and DOs. These results indicate that exposure to α‐tocopherol or l‐ascorbic acid promotes the development of porcine DOs from MI to MII and prevents cumulus cell DNA fragmentation at certain levels, especially 10 μmα‐tocopherol or 250 μml‐ascorbic acid.
Can We Improve the Assessment of Discharge Readiness?
Authors: Malviya Shobha , Voepel-Lewis Terri , Ludomirsky Achiau , Marshall Janelle , Tait Alan R. 
Published: January 2004

Background
Current recommended discharge criteria might not be rigorous enough to detect residual sedation. This study evaluated the use of the Bispectral Index (BIS monitor), the University of Michigan Sedation Scale (UMSS; i.e., 0-4 observational scale), and a Modified Maintenance of Wakefulness Test (MMWT; visual observation of the time the child is able to stay awake) in assessing return to baseline status.

Methods
Twenty-nine children sedated for echocardiographic examination were studied. Nurses administered sedatives and monitored and discharged children according to institutional guidelines. Children were monitored with the BIS(R) throughout the study. Trained observers assigned UMSS scores every 10-15 min until revised discharge criteria were met (i.e., UMSS score of 0 or 1, MMWT duration >/= 20 min). The MMWT value was recorded at each observation following the procedure. Subsequently, blinded observers recorded average BIS values for the 5 min before each UMSS observation.

Results
There were moderate correlations between the BIS, MMWT, and UMSS scores (r = 0.68-0.78; P < 0.01). Revised criteria correctly identified children who were awake and alert (BIS value >/= 90) in 88% of the cases. Only 55% of the children had returned to baseline BIS values when discharged by the nurse, compared with 92% when revised criteria were met (P < 0.05). It took longer to meet revised criteria compared with standard criteria (75.3 +/- 76.2 min vs. 16.4 +/- 13.1 min; P = 0.001).

Conclusions
The incorporation of specific, objective discharge criteria (i.e., UMSS score of 0 or 1, MMWT duration >/= 20 min) may ensure a status closer to baseline (BIS value >/= 90) compared with nursing judgment using standard criteria. However, such assurance may delay the discharge of sedated children.