bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical, radiographic and biochemical assessment of IL‐1/TNF‐α antagonist inhibition of bone loss in experimental periodontitis
Authors: Oates T. W. , Graves D. T. , Cochran D. L. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractObjectives: To assess clinical, radiographic, and biochemical markers as diagnostic indicators of disease activity by comparing ligature‐induced bone loss in the presence or absence of IL‐1/TNF‐α antagonist inhibition of bone loss in a primate model.Material and Methods: 6 animals with a naturally‐occurring gingivitis were evaluated over a 6‐week time period following the placement of silk ligatures and initiation of a soft diet. Three animals received intrapapillary injections of soluble receptors (blockers), capable of blocking the biologic activity for both IL‐1 and TNF‐α, and 3 animals received vehicle (control) injections. Injections were given 3× per week over the course of the study. Clinical assessments included a gingival index and quantification of gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) levels. Collected GCF samples were then used in the biochemical assessment of pyridinoline (PYD) and bone alkaline phosphatase (BAP). Radiographic assessment was made using computer‐assisted subtraction radiography to measure both bone density (CADIA) values and linear changes in crestal bone height.Results: Significant (p<0.01) changes using both radiographic measures occurred between 2 and 4 weeks following initiation of disease in this model. The use of the blockers significantly (p<0.01) reduced the levels of radiographic bone loss by approximately 50% over that found in the control sites. Both biochemical markers showed the greatest increase during the first two weeks of the study with PYD levels increased 35‐fold over baseline levels after 1 week. This difference in response was significantly (p<0.05) greater than the levels found in the non‐ligated teeth or in the ligated teeth receiving blockers injections. BAP levels showed significant increases in ligated teeth compared to non‐ligated teeth, but failed to show any significant differences between animals treated with vehicle and those treated with IL‐1/TNF antagonists. In contrast to these radiographic and biochemical effects, there were no significant differences detected between animals treated with antagonists and the control group for any of the clinical measures.Conclusions: The results of this study demonstrate that both subtraction radiography and PYD crevicular fluid levels can detect relative differences in periodontal disease progression, while BAP crevicular fluid levels cannot.
Bone reactions at implants subjected to experimental peri‐implantitis and static load
Authors: Gotfredsen K. , Berglundh T. , Lindhe J. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractAim: The aim of the present experiment was to study peri‐implant tissue reactions to lateral static load at implants subjected to experimental mucositis or peri‐implantitis.Material and methods: 5 beagle dogs were used. The mandibular premolars were extracted. After 12 weeks, 3 implants were installed in each quadrant of the mandible. In one side, the implants were designed with a SLA surface and in the contralateral side with a turned surface. A plaque control program was initiated. 12 weeks later, the central and posterior implants were connected with an appliance containing an expansion screw. Cotton ligatures were placed around the neck of the anterior and posterior implants in both sides, and the plaque control measures were terminated. Sixteen weeks later the ligatures were removed. After 8 weeks without ligatures, the expansion screws in both sides were activated. Once every 2 week during a 12‐week interval, the screws were reactivated. Thus, the model included 3 different experimental sites of each surface group: group M+L (mucositis+load); group P (peri‐implantitis); group P+L (peri‐implantitis+load). Fluorochrome labels were injected and standardized radiographs obtained. The animals were sacrificed and block biopsies of all implant sites dissected and prepared for histological analysis.Results: It was demonstrated that the lateral static load failed to induce peri‐implant bone loss at implants with mucositis and failed to enhance the bone loss at implants with experimental peri‐implantitis. The proportion of bone labels and the bone density in the interface zone were significantly higher in group P+L than in group P.Conclusion: It is suggested that a lateral static load with controlled forces may not be detrimental to implants exhibiting mucositis or peri‐implantitis.
Primary gingival leiomyosarcoma
Authors: Muzio Lorenzo Lo , Favia Gianfranco , Farronato Gianpietro , Piattelli Adriano , Maiorano Eugenio 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBackground: Leiomyosarcoma is a relatively uncommon mesenchymal tumor that exhibits smooth‐muscle differentiation. Only 3 to 10% of leiomyosarcomas arise in the head and neck, the nose and paranasal sinuses, skin and subcutaneous tissue and cervical esophagus being the most common localizations. Most leiomyosarcomas involving the oral tissues primarily affect the maxillary sinus, the maxillary or mandibular bone. A review of the English‐language literature since 1908 revealed 30 reported cases of primary leiomyosarcoma of the oral mucosa and soft tissues.Material and Methods: We report on a case of gingival leiomyosarcoma, arising in a 31‐year‐old female and involving the upper alveolar mucosa. Following the diagnosis of malignant neoplasm on frozen sections and an en‐block resection, the tumour was formalin‐fixed and paraffin embedded for histological and immunohistochemical examination.Results: Microscopically, the tumor was composed of interlacing fascicles of spindle‐shaped cells with elongated, blunt‐ended nuclei and eosinophilic cytoplasm, containing PAS‐positive granules. Mitoses, both typical and atypical, and scattered necrotic foci were present. Consistent desmin, muscle specific and α‐smooth muscle‐specific, and vimentin immunoreactivity was demonstrated in the tumor cells. The patient is alive and free of disease at a 7‐year follow‐up.Conclusions: Intra‐oral leiomyosarcomas are exceptionally rare. Accurate diagnosis and treatment is largely based on the careful search of clinical signs indicative of malignancy (e.g., neoplastic bone destruction, wide invasion of adjacent tissues) and intra‐operative (frozen sections) examination of the lesion. Though the case reported herein showed an attenuated clinical behavior, prolonged follow‐up is mandatory in view of possible tumor relapse.
Psychosocial stress, lifestyle and periodontal health
Authors: Aleksejunñiené Jolanta , Holst Dorthe , Eriksen Harald M. , Gjermo Per 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBackground, aims: The hypothesis that psychosocial stress and lifestyle are related to periodontal status was tested.Material and methods: The study was performed in 1997–98 in 10 areas in Lithuania (response rate 53%). Information comprised recordings of oral hygiene, calculated levels of remaining periodontal support and information about psychosocial and lifestyle factors. A hypothetical structure was tested in 2 age and gender subgroups by means of a structural equation model both for an overall fit and for the fit of individual parameters within the model.Results: The hypothesised structure presented high confirmatory fit index values (CFI) in all subgroup models, i.e., CFI >0.94. However the probability value of 0.01 found in the older males model presented an unlikely event. When individual parameters within the models were tested, different misspecifications were found. Therefore the hypothesised structure needed to be revised and tested repeatedly. All revised models presented high CFI and probability values (p>0.35). The testing of individual parameters did not reveal any significantly misspecified parameters.Conclusions: The path between lifestyle and levels of remaining periodontal support was empirically supported in the present study. Although the pathway between psychosocial stress and remaining periodontal support was not empirically supported, there is reason to believe that such link is likely.
Salivary microbiota levels in relation to periodontal status, experience of caries and miswak use in Sudanese adults
Authors: Darout Ismail A. , Albandar Jasim M. , Skaug Nils , Ali Raouf W. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractObjectives : The purpose of the present investigation was to assess the salivary levels of 25 oral bacteria in relation to periodontal status and experience of caries, and to compare the levels of these bacteria between habitual miswak and toothbrush users in adult Sudanese subjects.Material and methods : The study subjects consisted of 56 individuals with age range 19–53 years (mean 35.2 years) and included 30 miswak and 26 toothbrush users. The periodontal status and presence of dental caries were assessed clinically. Whole saliva was collected from all subjects, and the levels of 25 selected bacterial species in saliva were assessed by the checkerboard DNA–DNA hybridization method using whole genomic DNA probes.Results : A high percentage of the subjects had detectable levels (≥ 105 bacterial cells) of several bacterial species in saliva. Between 12% and 16% of the subjects showed high (≥ 106 cells) salivary levels of the periodontitis‐associated bacteria A. actinomycetemcomitans, P. melaninogenica, P. intermedia, C. rectus and E. corrodens, whereas only two (3.6%) and four (7.1%) subjects had high levels of P. gingivalis and F. nucleatum, respectively. There were no significant differences in the levels of all or most bacterial species by age group, gender or periodontal status. Presence of ≥ 105L. acidophilus bacterial cells in saliva was associated with high caries scores (p = 0.02). There were significantly higher levels of A. actinomycetemcomitans, P. melaninogenica, C. rectus, P. micros, V. parvula, S. mutans, S. anginosus, A. israelii, C. sputigena, and C. gingivalis, and significantly lower levels of P. intermedia, F. nucleatum, S. sputigena, E. corrodens, L. acidophilus, S. sanguis, S. salivarius, S. oralis, and S. mitis in the miswak than in the toothbrush group.Conclusions : The findings suggest that miswak may have a selective inhibitory effect on the level of certain bacteria in saliva, particularly several oral streptococci species. This is the first report that the checkerboard DNA–DNA hybridization method can be useful for assessing the levels of a wide range of bacterial taxa in saliva.
The theory of reasoned action in describing tooth brushing, dental caries and diabetes adherence among diabetic patients
Authors: Syrjälä Anna‐Maija H. , Niskanen Mirka C. , Knuuttila Matti L. E. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractObjectives: Preventive oral health behaviour is important among diabetic patients, as it has been found that dental diseases and insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) have some psychological and biological factors in common. The aim here was to analyze the variables of Ajzen and Fishbein's theory of reasoned action to explain the reported frequency of tooth brushing, dental caries, HbA1c level and diabetes adherence.Material and Methods: Cross‐sectional data were gathered from 149 IDDM patients by means of a quantitative questionnaire, clinical examination and patient records.Results: The results showed that a firmer intention to brush the teeth was related to a higher reported frequency of tooth brushing (p < 0.001). The attitude to and the subjective norm of tooth brushing were related to the intention to brush(p < 0.001) and to the reported frequency of tooth brushing. A better dental attitude was related to better diabetes adherence (p = 0.002) and fewer decayed surfaces (p = 0.01), and a firmer intention to brush the teeth was related to a lower HbA1c level (p = 0.015).Conclusions: Our results suggest that in oral health promotion among diabetic patients, both subjective norm and attitude are important and that diabetes adherence may be influenced by promoting dental attitude.
Assessment of periodontal conditions and systemic disease in older subjects
Authors: Persson R. E. , Hollender L. G. , Powell L. V. , MacEntee M. I. , Wyatt C. C. L. , Kiyak H. A. , Persson G. R. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBackground: Osteoporosis (OPOR) is a common chronic disease, especially in older women. Patients are often unaware of the condition until they experience bone fractures. Studies have suggested that OPOR and periodontitis are associated diseases and exaggerated by cytokine activity. Panoramic radiography (PMX) allows studies of mandibular cortical index (MCI), which is potentially diagnostic for OPOR.Aims: i) To study the prevalence of self‐reported history of OPOR in an older, ethnically diverse population, ii) to assess the agreement between PMX/MCI findings and self‐reported OPOR, and iii) to assess the likelihood of having both a self‐reported history of OPOR and a diagnosis of periodontitis.Materials and methods: PMX and medical history were obtained from 1084 subjects aged 60–75 (mean age 67.6, SD ± 4.7). Of the films, 90.3% were useful for analysis. PMXs were studied using MCI. The PMXs were used to grade subjects as not having periodontitis or with one of three grades of periodontitis severity.Results: A positive MCI was found in 38.9% of the subjects, in contrast to 8.2% self‐reported OPOR. The intraclass correlation between MCI and self‐reported OPOR was 0.20 (P < 0.01). The likelihood of an association between OPOR and MCI was 2.6 (95%CI: 1.6, 4.1, P < 0.001). Subjects with self‐reported OPOR and a positive MCI had worse periodontal conditions (P < 0.01). The Mantel‐Haentzel odds ratio for OPOR and periodontitis was 1.8 (95%CI: 1.2, 2.5, P < 0.001). Conclusions: The prevalence of positive MCI was high and consistent with epidemiological studies, but only partly consistent with a self‐reported history of osteoporosis with a higher prevalence of positive MCI in Chinese women. Horizontal alveolar bone loss is associated with both positive self‐reported OPOR and MCI.
Analysis of genetic polymorphisms at the interleukin‐10 loci in aggressive and chronic periodontitis
Authors: Gonzales J R. , Michel J. , Diete A. , Herrmann J. M. , Bödeker R. H. , Meyle J. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBackground/Aims: Different cytokine genotypes have been described in periodontal disease. The aim of the present study was to investigate the genetic association of two previously described interleukin‐10 (IL‐10) polymorphisms in patients with aggressive (AP) and chronic periodontitis (CP) and to investigate possible associations with clinical manifestations.Methods: Based on clinical parameters and radiographs, 23 patients with CP and 18 patients with AP were included in the study. Additionally, 21 age‐matched healthy subjects served as a control group. Genomic DNA was isolated from whole blood samples and the IL‐10 promoter sequences from positions − 597 to − 824 were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Polymorphisms were detected by restriction‐enzyme cleavage. The A and C alleles at the − 597 position were associated with the T and C alleles at the − 824 position, respectively. Fisher's exact test was used for the statistical analysis.Results: No significant differences were observed in the allele frequencies between controls and AP patients (p = 0.70) or CP patients (p = 0.43), although the previously reported association between allele A at position − 597 and allele T at position − 824 was observed in our population.Conclusion: We conclude that the investigated polymorphisms are not associated with periodontal disease.
A cross‐sectional study of dentine hypersensitivity
Authors: Rees J. S. , Addy M. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractAim: The aim of this study was to establish the prevalence of dentine hypersensitivity in a cross‐sectional study of patients visiting general dental practitioners in the United Kingdom over a period of one calendar month.Methods: Nineteen dental practioners examined 4841 patients over a period of one calendar month and patients that had dentine hypersensitivity diagnosed were questioned further about their occupation and smoking habits. The amount of buccal gingival recession associated with the sensitive teeth was also recorded using a study form.Results: 201 patients were diagnosed as having dentine hypersensitivity, giving a prevalence figure of 4.1%. The commonest teeth affected were the upper premolar teeth and the commonest initiating factor was cold drinks. A tendency for a greater number of sensitive teeth was also found for patients with periodontal disease who also smoked. There was also a tendency for the patients with sensitive teeth to come from higher social groups.
Tissue structure, and IL‐1β, IL‐8, and TNF‐α secretions after contact by engineered human oral mucosa with dentifrices
Authors: Mostefaoui Yakout , Claveau Isabelle , Ross Geneviève , Rouabhia Mahmoud 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe use of dentifrice is part of an oral prophylaxis that aims at keeping bacteria in check within the dental plaque. When introduced into the oral cavity, dentifrice also comes in close contact with the oral epithelium. Our goal was to evaluate the effects of dentifrices on tissue structure and pro‐inflammatory mediator release by epithelial cells. For this purpose, tri‐dimensional engineered human oral mucosa (EHOM) was produced using normal human palatal fibroblasts and epithelial cells. EHOMs were either treated with Aquafresh® or Crest® for 1, 4, 8, and 24 h, or untreated, then used for cell viability assessment and structural analyses. Cultured supernatants were used to evaluate cytokine (interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐8 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α) secretion, and metalloproteinase (MMP)‐2 and ‐9 activities. The present in vitro study using engineered oral mucosa confirms that dentifrices (Aquafresh and Crest) contribute to tissue desquamation. The desquamation was substantial at 24 h of contact but was limited to the upper layers of the treated tissues. Cell death in these tissues was not increased, suggesting that the dentifrice had accelerated desquamation of the layers containing differentiated cells. Measurement of cytokines revealed that dentifrices up‐regulated IL‐1β while down‐regulating IL‐8 and TNF‐α secretion, thus indicating an impaired cascade of inflammatory responses. These dentifrices may also impair normal repair mechanisms as suggested by an up‐regulation of gelatinase activities. In conclusion, this study suggested that, via cytokines, dentifrice contributes to the modulation of the inflammatory (pro‐inflammatory/anti‐inflammatory responses) process.
Plaque removal with a novel manual toothbrush (X‐Active) and the Braun Oral‐B 3D Plaque Remover
Authors: Danser M. M. , Timmerman M. F. , Jzerman Y. , Piscaer M. I. , Van Der Velden U. , Van Der Weijden G. A. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractObjectives: The study was designed to test the efficacy in plaque removal of three toothbrushes: two manual brushes, the Butler GUM 311®and the Dr Best X‐Active®, and one electric toothbrush the Braun Oral‐B 3D Plaque Remover (3D)®.Method: The study was a split‐mouth, single‐blind, randomized clinical study consisting of three identical experiments testing three combinations of toothbrushes (experiment 1: 3DversusButler; experiment 2: 3DversusDr Best; experiment 3: ButlerversusDr Best), in which the teeth of the panellists were brushed by a dental hygienist. In a fourth experiment, the panellists brushed their own teeth (3DversusDr Best). Thirty‐five subjects participated in the study and received a professional prophylaxis prior to the first experiment. They were requested to refrain from brushing their teeth for 48 h prior to each experiment. Plaque was assessed according to the Silness & Löe plaque index at six sites per tooth. Next, the dental hygienist (experiments 1–3) or the panellist (experiment 4) brushed for 60 s with their first assigned brush in two randomly selected contralateral quadrants. Brushing was repeated (60 s) with the second brush in the opposing two contralateral quadrants. Prior to experiment 4, panellists were given two thorough hands‐on professional instructions in the use of the 3D and the Dr Best toothbrushes.Results: In experiment 1, the 3D showed a mean plaque reduction of 72% compared to 63% with the Butler (P<0.01). In experiment 2, the 3D showed a mean plaque reduction of 79% and the Dr Best 76% (P<0.05). In experiment 3, the Butler showed a mean plaque reduction of 81% and the Dr Best 85% (P=0.01). In the hands of the panellists (experiment 4), the 3D showed a mean plaque reduction of 88% and the Dr Best 84% (P<0.05).Conclusions: A 5‐week training period with repeated hands‐on instruction gives panellists the skill to perform brushing with efficacy comparable to that of professional brushing. In agreement with a previous study, the 3D was more effective than a flat‐trimmed manual toothbrush (Van der Weijden et al. 1994). Brushing with the criss‐cross resulted in small statistical differences with the 3D and the flat‐trimmed manual toothbrush. The clinical relevance of these statistically significant results should be the subject of a longitudinal study.
Impaired healing response of periodontal furcation defects following flap debridement surgery in smokers
Authors: Trombelli Leonardo , Cho Kyoo‐Sung , Kim Chong‐Kwan , Scapoli Chiara , Scabbia Alessandro 
Published: March 2003

AbstractObjectives: The purpose of the present parallel‐design, controlled clinical trial was to evaluate the treatment outcome of periodontal furcation defects following flap debridement surgery (FDS) procedure in cigarette smokers compared to non‐smokers.Materials and Methods: After initial therapy, 31 systemically healthy subjects with moderate to advanced periodontitis, who presented at least one Class I or II molar furcation defect, were selected. Nineteen patients (mean age: 40.3 years, 15 males) were smokers (≥10 cigarettes/day) and 12 patients (mean age: 44.8 years, 3 males) were non‐smokers. Full‐mouth plaque score (FMPS) and full‐mouth bleeding score (FMBS), probing pocket depth (PPD), vertical clinical attachment level (v‐CAL), and horizontal clinical attachment level (h‐CAL) were assessed immediately before and 6 months following surgery.Results: Overall, statistically significant v‐CAL gain was observed in smokers (1.0 ± 1.3 mm) and non‐smokers (1.3±1.1 mm), the difference between groups being statistically significant (p=0.0003). In proximal furcation defects, v‐CAL gain amounted to 2.3±0.7 mm in non‐smokers as compared to 1.0±1.1 mm in smokers (p=0.0013). At 6 months postsurgery, non‐smokers presented a greater h‐CAL gain (1.3±1.1 mm) than smokers (0.6±1.0 mm), with a statistically significant difference between groups (p=0.0089). This trend was confirmed in both facial/lingual (1.4±1.0 versus 0.8±0.8 mm) and proximal furcation defects (1.2±1.3 versus 0.5±1.2 mm). The proportion of Class II furcations showing improvement to postsurgery Class I was 27.6% in smokers and 38.5% in non‐smokers. After 6 months, 3.4% of presurgery Class I furcation defects in smokers showed complete closure, as compared to 27.8% in non‐smokers.Conclusions: The results of the present study indicated that (1) FDS produced clinically and statistically significant PPD reduction, v‐CAL gain, and h‐CAL gain in Class I/II molar furcation defects, and (2) cigarette smokers exhibited a less favorable healing outcome following surgery in terms of both v‐CAL and h‐CAL gain.