bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mild Clinical Presentation of COVID-19 in Childhood FMF Patients Treated with Colchicine
Authors: KILIÇASLAN Önder , KARBUZ Adem , KIZMAZ İŞANÇLI Didem , ÇAMLICA Gülay , SUNGUR Mehmet Ali , DURSUN Hasan 
Published: January 2024

Aim: Clinical trials continue for several medical protocols for COVID-19. Colchicine is an anti-inflammatory agent that is highly used medicament for autoimmune disorders, including Familial Mediterranean Fever (FMF). Based on immunity disrupting the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2, we aimed to describe the clinical course of SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with childhood-onset FMF on colchicine treatment.
Material and Methods: We prepared a survey investigating contact histories, and clinical presentation of childhood-onset FMF patients treated with colchicine and questioned their parents via phone calls or during outpatient visits. In addition, medical record history, treatment, and medication history were obtained from the hospital database.
Results: A total of 171 patients, 99 (57.9%) male and 72 (42.1%) female, diagnosed with FMF and who have been under colchicine treatment for at least one month were included in the study. Among patients, 56 (32.7%) have contact with a confirmed COVID-19 case; 43 (25.1%) have suspected family member contact and 13 (7.6%) have non-family contact. Only 15 (8.8%) FMF patients treated with colchicine were PCR diagnosed with COVID-19 disease; all had mild symptoms, none required antiviral treatment, and none were hospitalized. The dose and duration of colchicine use did not significantly differ between the patients with confirmed COVID or not (p=0.112, and p=0.344, respectively).
Conclusion: We concluded that pediatric patients with FMF receiving colchicine treatment may not be at increased risk for being infected with SARS-CoV-2 or the severe symptoms of COVID-19.
From the Underground Railroad to the Promised Land:
The American Negro Search for Spiritual Geography
Authors: Shaban Fuad 
Published: January 2024

By way of an introduction, I will begin with three explanatory notes:

1.	The subject of this paper is a part of a more general work that deals with various aspects of American Orientalism on which I have been working	for over twenty years. The work, parts of which have already been published, is based on the premise that very early in the history of the colonization of North America seeds of Orientalism were sown in the attitude of the immigrants to the concept of the Land of Promise.To give one illustration only, one of the Puritan leaders, John Cotton, wished his fellow Englishmen God's speed on their journey to the New World in an essay he called "God's Promise to His Plantation." Cotton quoted from Scripture: "Moreover I will appoint a place for mv people IsraeL and I will plant them, that they
y dwell in a place of their own, and move no ore (2 Sa . 7. 10).1

Early immigr nts sa\v an	nalogy between their journey to the New World and the biblical trip of the Israelites from Egypt to the Land of Canaan. The theme has been present in the writings and behavior of Americans down the centuries. I have documented this subject
'-elsewhere. 2

7

2.	The Underground Railroad is the name that was given to a secret network of agents and safe houses used in mid-nineteenth century by abolitionists to smuggle Negroes to the North or to Canada. .,,

3.	The terms 'Negro', 'Blacks', 'African-Americans' are used to refer to the	African-American community in the U. S. I will try to be politically	correct by using these terms each its in the historical context.
.
Translation and the Cultural Dimension
A Postcolonial-Poststructuralist Approach
Authors: Yousef Tawfiq 
Published: January 2024

Writing in the early twentieth century the American linguist and anthropologist Edward Sapir put forward what has come to be known as the " Relativity Hypothesis" , which postulates that every language imposes on its speakers a different world view. What follows from this hypothesis is that intercultural communication is hard if not impossible. As Sapir puts it:

No two languages are sufficiently similar to be considered as representing the same social reality. The world in which different societies live are distinct worlds not merely the same world with different labels attached.(Sapir 1956: 69)

Likewise, Benjamin Lee Whorf (1940) asserted that his experience of American	and Hopi culture suggested to him that the cultures and thought processes were markedly different because their languages were so different. This led him to establish what he called the "linguistic relativity principle" , which states that

users of markedly different grammars are pointed by their grammars toward different types of observations and different evaluations of externally similar acts of observation, and hence are not equivalent as observers but must arrive at somewhat different views of the world. (p. 221)

In other words, language was viewed as having a direct influence on thougnt; thought is in the grip of language.

.
The Ghosts of the Past: Alfred Tennyson's Life Story in A. S. Byatt's "The Conjugial Angel"
Authors: Setecka Agnieszka 
Published: January 2024

The following paper concentrates on the second novella in A .S.Byatt's Angels and Insects, and it aims at showing that an attempt to reconstruct a person 's life and to recapture the past might remind of occult practices, or conjuring up the ghosts. A similarity between a biographer and a spiritualistic medium is indicated: both are provided only with scraps of information, on the basis of which they try to construct a coherent story. Both in the case of biography and reading the messages from the other world, a large dose of imagination is necessary to construct a plausible interpretation of the incomplete data. "The Conjugial Angel" seems to imply that any attempt to read the life of a poet from his verse or letters must be futile, because even if connected with real events, poetry might "encode" them producing a cipher incomprehensible even for the poet himself, as his subconscious emotions might have gone into his creation. Similarly, the messages from the spirits tend to be rather obscure, or adulterated by the consciousness of the medium. An additional problem might be a deliberate distortion of f acts either by "malicious spirits" or by Great People guarding their privacy. Consequently, both messages from the dead and biographical works are necessarily fictitious..
The vocational teacher, an inventor in special needs education: A study on Swedish vocational programmes
Authors: Holmgren Robert , Pettersson Gerd 
Published: January 2024

Upper secondary vocational education and training (VET) in Sweden has been subject to frequent educational policy reforms which have resulted in reduced numbers of students and student groups comprising many students with special education needs (SEN). These changes can be assumed to have resulted in increasing demands on VET teachers’ work with special needs education (SNE). The purpose of this study is to contribute knowledge about VET teachers’ conditions for, and work with, SNE in Swedish VET programmes. An analysis of interviews with 15 teachers from eight VET programmes revealed the following themes: 1) Framework factors in the learning environments affecting teaching and learning, 2) The schools’ organisation of special educational competence and the VET teachers’ application of special needs education, 3) Communicative teaching for increased knowledge of students’ strengths and needs, 4) Adaptations at individual and group level, 5) Integration of theory and practice, and 6) Reconsidering teaching approaches through follow-ups. The analysis, based on Skrtic’s theory, reveals a dichotomy in the VET teachers’ conditions for, and work with, SNE. In the schools, a bureaucratic approach is applied where overriding goals are attributed high value, while the VET teachers strive for an adhocratic approach where the teaching is based on their students’ needs. Based on Ainscow’s theory, the analysis shows that the VET teachers take an interactive learning environment-related approach, which means that, based on their understanding of the students’ difficulties, they develop adaptations to stimulate their students’ learning and development.
PENGETAHUAN DAN SIKAP WANITA USIA SUBUR PADA PEMERIKSAAN PAP SMEAR
Authors: Sainah Sainah , Hamdayani Hamdayani , Wahyuningsih Wahyuningsih , Sofyan Muhammad , Rahmatullah Doni 
Published: January 2024

Rendahnya angka cakupan ini terjadi karena kurangnya pengetahuan dan sikap WUS dalam upaya deteksi dini pada kanker serviks. Pengetahuan yang kurang adalah faktor penghambat WUS melakukan pemeriksaan pap smear. Selain itu sikap juga dapat mempengaruhi perilaku wanita usia subur (WUS) untuk melakukan deteksi dini kanker serviks. Tujuan penelitian: mengetahui hubungan tingkat pendidikan dengan sikap wanita usia subur pada pemeriksaan pap smear. Metode penelitian : deskriptif korelasional dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Besar sampel 40 WUS di Perumahan Rawa Indah Penajam. Hasil: sebagian besar responden memiliki tingkat pengetahuan tentang pemeriksaan pap smear dalam kategori kurang 17 responden (42,5%) sikap wanita mengenai pemeriksaan pap smear dalam kategori positif 22 responden (55%),berdasarkan hasil uji chi square didapatkan nilai p value 0,0000,05 yang berarti terdapat hubungan tingkat pengetahuand engan sikap wanita usia subur pada pemeriksaan pap smear di perumahan Rawa Indah Penajam. Kesimpulan: ada hubungan tingkat pengetahuan dengan sikap wanita usia subur pada pemeriksaan pap smear di Perumahan Rawa Indah Penajam. Diharapkan wanita usia subur melakukan pemeriksaan pap smear bagi usia 21-29 tahun melakukan pemeriksaan 1 atau tiap 2 tahun sekali, dan lebih dari 30 tahun melakukan 2-3 tahun sekali jika hasil 3 kali test normal.
Effects of seed treatment on cassava stake performance, whitefly population, disease incidence, and yield performance of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) in Malawi
Authors: Nwokoro Charles Chigemezu , Kachigamba Donald , Chiipanthenga Margaret , Klauser Dominik , Robinson Mike , Berlin Robert 
Published: January 2024

IntroductionWhitefly (Bemisia tabaci) is a pest of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) and the vector for two of the crop’s major viral diseases – cassava mosaic disease (CMD) and cassava brown streak disease (CBSD), causing severe economic losses for farmers. In this context, we conducted an on-farm experiment to study the efficiency of a seed treatment technology containing thiamethoxam, fludioxonil, and metalaxyl for rapid multiplication of superior cassava genotypes and early protection of the crop against whitefly at Salima and Nkhotakota, central Malawi in the 2019/2020 and 2020/2021 cropping seasons, respectively.MethodsThe trials were conducted using a randomized complete block design with four replicates. The effect of the application of the seed treatment on stake germination, whitefly population, CMD and CBSD incidences, and stem and storage root yields of three cassava varieties (Kalawe, Mbundumali, and Sauti) at three stake sizes (8 cm, 16 cm, and 25 cm) was compared with control – a 25 cm stake size of each of the cassava variety without seed treatment. A benefit-cost analysis was conducted to determine the profitability of the seed treatment technology for each stake size under certified and non-certified stem scenarios.Results and discussionRegardless of stake size and variety, plant germination was highest (96% by 16%) and mean whitefly population lowest (adult 0.4 vs. 3.0 plant-1; nymph 1.0 vs. 3.3 plant-1) with seed treatment application than without. Disease incidence measurements showed no significant effect of seed treatment on CBSD control (p = 0.31), but it reduced CMD incidence by 17% vs. 20% in the untreated. Stem and storage root yields across stake size and cassava variety were highest with seed treatment; 489 bundles ha-1 and 10 (DM) Mg ha-1, respectively. Using the 8 cm stake regardless of variety resulted in the highest average benefit-cost ratio for certified (18.3 USD USD-1) and non-certified (7.8 USD USD-1) cassava stem scenarios.ConclusionWe conclude that the application of the seed treatment tested in this study would offer protection to planted stakes, increase their germination, reduce whitefly population, increase stem and storage root yields in areas experiencing whitefly pressure, and result in high economic profits.
Morphological characteristics, dry matter yield, and nutritive value of maralfalfa grass (Pennisetum spp.) grown under different planting densities in the central highlands of Ethiopia
Authors: Mengistu Gezahegn , Kebede Gezahagn , Faji Mulisa , Feyissa Fekede , Mohammed Kedir , Kehaliew Aemiro , Geleti Diriba , Minta Muluneh , Balehegn Mulubrhan , Rios Estebah F. , Adesogan Adegbola T. , Dubeux Jose C. B. , J. Boote Kenneth 
Published: January 2024

IntroductionMaralfalfa grass (Pennisetum spp.) is known for its high dry matter productivity and nutritive value. However, information on agronomic management practices to improve yield and nutritive value in Ethiopia is sparse.Materials and methodThe experiment consisted of 7 plant densities (33,333 [75 cm × 40 cm]; 26,667[75 cm × 50 cm]; 25,000 [100 cm × 40 cm]; 22,222 [75 cm × 60 cm]; 20,000 [100 cm × 50 cm]; 16,667 [100 cm × 60 cm]; and 13,333 [125 cm × 60 cm] plants per hectare, and arranged in randomized complete block design with three replications.ResultsThe results indicated that the year had a significant (P&lt;0.001) effect on measured traits. Plant densities had no significant (P&gt;0.05) effect on the number of nodes and leaves per plant, leaf length, and basal diameters. The number of tillers per plant varied significantly among plant densities only in the first year at the 1st harvest. Plant height in the first year was significantly (P&lt;0.01) greater than in the second year.DiscussionAnnual dry matter production and annual crude protein production of Maralfalfa grass were not significantly affected by plant density. Nutritive value parameters (CP, Ash, NDF, ADF, ADL, and IVDMD) were not significantly (P &gt; 0.05) influenced by plant density. Using a lower plant density could reduce the amount of planting material, transport, and labor costs.ConclusionHowever, further studies on Maralfalfa grass should be conducted in multi-locations of Ethiopia both under rain-fed and irrigated conditions with various agronomic practices.
Change of termite hindgut metabolome and bacteria after captivity indicates the hindgut microbiota provides nutritional factors to the host
Authors: Alom Most Shormi , Cen Yijing , Tang Rui , Chen Dasong , Dou Hongliang , Mo Zhenzuan , Du He 
Published: January 2024

The gut-dwelling microbiota is an indispensable part of termites. It is influenced by a series of factors, such as diet and captivity. The objectives of this study were to study the metabolic functions of hindgut microbiota and to investigate the influence of captivity on the hindgut microbiota. The dampwood termite Hodotermopsis sjostedti was reared in the laboratory for 6 months. We conducted the metabolome analysis of the fat body from the freshly-collected workers (FBF), the hindgut fluid of the freshly-collected workers (HFF), and the hindgut fluid of laboratory-maintained workers. In addition, the 16S rRNA genes from the hindgut bacteria in the freshly-collected and laboratory-maintained workers were sequenced. According to our results, the concentrations of metabolites associated with amino acid biosynthesis, vitamin biosynthesis, fatty acid biosynthesis, and cofactor biosynthesis were higher in HFF compared with those in FBF, suggesting that the hindgut microbiota provides nutritional factors to the host. However, after captivity, the concentrations of metabolites in the hindgut associated with amino acid biosynthesis, nucleotide sugar metabolism, vitamin biosynthesis, and carbon metabolism decreased, while those associated with the steroid hormone biosynthesis and ovarian steroidogenesis increased. Meanwhile, the 16S amplicon study revealed that the abundance of certain bacteria changed after captivity, such as uncultured Termite Group 1 bacterium, Candidatus Symbiothrix dinenymphae, and unclassified Desulfovibrio. Our findings show that captivity influences the hindgut microbiota and shed light on the metabolic potential of the hindgut microbiota.
Mechanistic insight for improving butenyl-spinosyn production through combined ARTP/UV mutagenesis and ribosome engineering in Saccharopolyspora pogona
Authors: Zhao Xueli , Hussain Muhammad Hammad , Mohsin Ali , Liu Zebo , Xu Zhixian , Li Zhanxia , Guo Weiqun , Guo Meijin 
Published: January 2024

Butenyl-spinosyn is a highly effective, wide-spectrum and environmentally-friendly biological insecticide produced by Saccharopolyspora pogona. However, its scale-up is impeded due to its lower titer in wild-type strains. In this work, ARTP/UV mutagenesis and ribosome engineering were employed to enhance the butenyl-spinosyn production, and a stable mutant Saccharopolyspora pogona aG6 with high butenyl-spinosyn yield was successfully obtained. For the first time, the fermentation results in the 5 L bioreactor demonstrated that the butenyl-spinosyn produced by mutant Saccharopolyspora pogona aG6 reached the maximum value of 130 mg/L, almost 4-fold increase over the wild-type strain WT. Furthermore, comparative genomic, transcriptome and target metabolomic analysis revealed that the accumulation of butenyl-spinosyn was promoted by alterations in ribosomal proteins, branched-chain amino acid degradation and oxidative phosphorylation. Conclusively, the proposed model of ribosome engineering combined with ARTP/UV showed the improved biosynthesis regulation of butenyl-spinosyn in S. pogona.
Longitudinal dynamics of gut bacteriome and mycobiome interactions pre- and post-visceral surgery in Crohn’s disease
Authors: Wetzel Simon , Müller Alexander , Kohnert Eva , Mehrbarzin Negin , Huber Roman , Häcker Georg , Kreutz Clemens , Lederer Ann-Kathrin , Badr Mohamed Tarek 
Published: January 2024

IntroductionAlterations of the gut microbiome are involved in the pathogenesis of Crohn’s disease (CD). The role of fungi in this context is unclear. This study aimed to determine postoperative changes in the bacterial and fungal gut communities of CD patients undergoing intestinal resection, and to evaluate interactions between the bacteriome and mycobiome and their impact on the patients’ outcome.MethodsWe report a subgroup analysis of a prospective cohort study, focusing on 10 CD patients whose fecal samples were collected for bacterial 16S rRNA and fungal ITS2 genes next-generation sequencing the day before surgery and on the 5th or 6th postoperative day.ResultsNo significant differences in bacterial and fungal diversity were observed between preoperative and postoperative stool samples. By in-depth analysis, significant postoperative abundance changes of bacteria and fungi and 17 interkingdom correlations were detected. Network analysis identified 13 microbial clusters in the perioperative gut communities, revealing symbiotic and competitive interactions. Relevant factors were gender, age, BMI, lifestyle habits (smoking, alcohol consumption) and surgical technique. Postoperative abundance changes and identified clusters were associated with clinical outcomes (length of hospital stay, complications) and levels of inflammatory markers.ConclusionsOur findings highlight the importance of dissecting the interactions of gut bacterial and fungal communities in CD patients and their potential influence on postoperative and disease outcomes.
Do patients with diabetes with new onset acute myocardial infarction present with different symptoms than non-diabetic patients?
Authors: Schmitz Timo , Wein Bastian , Raake Philip , Heier Margit , Peters Annette , Linseisen Jakob , Meisinger Christa 
Published: January 2024

BackgroundThe objective of this study was to investigate the differences in presenting symptoms between patients with and without diabetes being diagnosed with an acute myocardial infarction (AMI).MethodsA total of 5,900 patients with a first-time AMI were included into the analysis. All patients aged between 25 and 84 years were recorded by the population-based Myocardial Infarction Registry in Augsburg, Germany, between 2010 and 2017. The presence (yes/no) of 12 AMI typical symptoms during the acute event was assessed within the scope of a face-to-face interview. Multivariable adjusted logistic regression models were calculated to analyze the associations between presenting symptoms and diabetes mellitus in AMI patients.ResultsPatients with diabetes had significantly less frequent typical pain symptoms, including typical chest pain. Also, other symptoms like sweating, vomiting/nausea, dizziness/vertigo and fear of death/feeling of annihilation occurred significantly more likely in non-diabetic patients. The only exception was the symptom of shortness of breath, which was found significantly more often in patients with diabetes. In multivariable-adjusted regression models, however, the observed effects were attenuated. In patients younger than 55 years, the associations between diabetes and various symptoms were mainly missing.ConclusionsType 2 diabetes mellitus is a risk factor not only for the development of AMI, but is also associated with an adverse outcome after AMI. Atypical clinical presentation additionally complicates the diagnostic process. It is therefore essential for physicians to be aware of the more often atypical symptoms that diabetic AMI patients report.
The impact of age-specific childhood body-mass index on adult cardiometabolic traits: a Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Yang Jun , Kuang Yalan , Yang Xiaoyan , Li Chunyang , Qi Mei , Fu Ping , Zeng Xiaoxi 
Published: January 2024

ObjectiveTo evaluate the causal relationship between childhood body-mass index (BMI) at different ages and adult cardiometabolic traits.MethodsWe retrieved genetic instrument variables (IVs) for exposures (standardized BMI at newborn, infant, toddler and late childhood), cardiometabolic traits and potential confounders or mediators (adult BMI, SHBG, testosterone and age at menarche) from the corresponding genome-wide association analysis. We performed univariate and multivariable Mendelian randomization (MR) to dissect associations between age-specific childhood BMI and adult cardiometabolic outcomes. Odds ratio was used to present the direction of the causal association.ResultsIn univariate MR, higher newborn BMI was causally associated with reduced risk for type 2 diabetes in women. Late childhood BMI was associated with increased risk for female diabetes and coronary artery disease (CAD), myocardial infarction (MI), and chronic kidney disease (CKD) in general population. Among these associations, only association between late childhood BMI with MI remained significant after adjusting for adult male BMI and sex hormones, (OR = 1.120, 95% CI 1.023-1.226, p = 0.014). Besides, in multivariable MR, we found evidence for causal association between newborn BMI with reduced risk for CAD (OR = 0.862, 95% CI 0.751-0.989, p = 0.034) and MI (OR = 0.864, 95% CI 0.752-0.991, p = 0.037) in men. No obvious impact of infant or toddler BMI was identified on the above-mentioned diseases. For continuous cardiometabolic traits, in all age epochs except infant, higher BMI was associated with increased level of fasting glucose in women.ConclusionBMI at birth and late childhood exerts different impact on adult cardiometabolic diseases, while BMI at infant and toddler ages is not causally associated with these outcomes. The effect of childhood BMI may be influenced by sex disparities.