bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Information Overload and the Message Dynamics of Online Interaction Spaces: A Theoretical Model and Empirical Exploration
Authors: Jones Quentin , Ravid Gilad , Rafaeli Sheizaf 
Published: July 2004

Online spaces that enable shared public interpersonal communications are of significant social, organizational, and economic importance. In this paper, a theoretical model and associated unobtrusive method are proposed for researching the relationship between online spaces and the behavior they host. The model focuses on the collective impact that individual information-overload coping strategies have on the dynamics of open, interactive public online group discourse. Empirical research was undertaken to assess the validity of both the method and the model, based on the analysis of over 2.65 million postings to 600 Usenet newsgroups over a 6-month period. Our findings support the assertion that individual strategies for coping with “information overload” have an observable impact on large-scale online group discourse. Evidence was found for the hypotheses that: (1) users are more likely to respond to simpler messages in overloaded mass interaction; (2) users are more likely to end active participation as the overloading of mass interaction increases; and (3) users are more likely to generate simpler responses as the overloading of mass interaction grows. The theoretical model outlined offers insight into aspects of computer-mediated communication tool usability, technology design, and provides a road map for future empirical research.
Achieving Target Antifactor Xa Activity with a Heparin Protocol Based on Sex, Age, Height, and Weight
Authors: Rosborough Terry K. , Shepherd Michele F. 
Published: July 2004

Study Objectives. To develop and validate an improved unfractionated heparin (UFH) dosage protocol, using antifactor Xa levels as the outcome variable.Design. Prospective case series.Setting. A 625‐bed, adults‐only, private, tertiary care teaching hospital.Patients. Three hundred seventy‐two patients receiving UFH for eight different indications were in the protocol derivation group. One hundred ninety‐seven patients were in the final validation group.Intervention. Variables that predicted successful UFH treatment were determined by analysis of variance and regression.Measurements and Main Results. Sex, age, height, weight, UFH dosage, and antifactor Xa levels were variables. A regression model using sex, age, height, and weight was superior to a weight‐only model in predicting UFH dosage. Target‐range antifactor Xa levels were achieved with the new protocol in 122 (87%) of 140 patients within 24 hours of start of therapy.Conclusion. A UFH dosage protocol based on patient sex, age, height, and weight produced improved initial target antifactor Xa levels compared with a weight‐based protocol. The protocol is computerized and easy to apply.
Racial Differences in Patients' Potassium Concentrations During Spironolactone Therapy for Heart Failure
Authors: Cavallari Larisa H. , Fashingbauer Lucy A. , Beitelshees Amber L. , Groo Vicki L. , Southworth Mary R. , Viana Marlos A. G. , Williams Randall E. , Dunlap Stephanie H. 
Published: July 2004

Study Objective. To determine whether the effects of spironolactone on potassium homeostasis vary by race by comparing serum potassium concentrations and potassium supplement use in African‐American and Caucasian patients receiving spironolactone for heart failure.Design. Retrospective medical record review.Setting. Two heart failure centers.Patients. Fifty African‐American and 67 Caucasian patients with heart failure who were receiving a stable dosage of spironolactone in addition to standard heart failure therapy with an angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker.Measurements and Main Results. Medical records of eligible patients were reviewed by pharmacists and physicians who specialize in heart failure management. No significant differences were observed in diuretic therapy or renal function between racial groups; however, African‐Americans were receiving higher doses of ACE inhibitors. African‐Americans had lower serum potassium concentrations (4.2 ± 0.4 vs 4.5 ± 0.5 mEq/L, p<0.01) and a higher prevalence of potassium supplementation (48% vs 15%, p<0.01). In a subset of patients, spironolactone therapy was associated with a 2‐fold greater increase in serum potassium concentration and a 3‐fold greater reduction in potassium supplement use among Caucasians than African‐Americans.Conclusion. Our findings suggest that a large percentage of patients with heart failure, particularly African‐Americans, still require potassium supplementation despite treatment with spironolactone and standard vasodilator therapy.
Meperidine Is Alive and Well in the New Millennium: Evaluation of Meperidine Usage Patterns and Frequency of Adverse Drug Reactions
Authors: Seifert Charles F. , Kennedy Shalyn 
Published: July 2004

Study Objectives. To report a classic case of normeperidine toxicity, and to present institution‐specific data on meperidine usage patterns and the frequency of adverse drug reactions (ADRs).Methods. A chart review was conducted of patients at high risk for ADRs. High‐risk patients were identified through the pharmacy computer system as those with renal insufficiency (creatinine clearance ≤ 50 ml/min), those receiving meperidine with patient‐controlled analgesia (PCA), or those receiving more than 200 mg/day of intravenous meperidine for multiple days.Results. Twenty‐five percent of patients who received meperidine had some degree of renal insufficiency. The average daily dose of meperidine was 230 mg; cumulative doses ranged from 10–7200 mg. Adverse drug reactions documented in 20 (14%) of 141 patients were confusion, anxiety, nervousness, hallucinations, twitching, and seizure. Sixteen of the 20 patients received meperidine by PCA pump or a combination of PCA and intravenous administration. Patients with ADRs to meperidine were older (58.5 vs 46.4 yrs, p=0.004), received more concomitant benzodiazepines (65.0% vs 4.1%, p<0.0001), and had a longer hospital stay (median 9.5 vs 4.6 days, p<0.001) than those who did not experience an ADR. A significant difference was found in cumulative PCA doses between patients with and without documented ADRs (median meperidine dose 863 and 455 mg, respectively, p=0.0157). Doses were directly correlated with both renal function (p<0.05) and length of stay (p<0.008). Dosing, duration, and frequency of ADRs for patients using PCA differed significantly between prescribing services (p<0.01).Conclusion. Patients using PCA meperidine are at particularly high risk of experiencing ADRs based on cumulative doses and duration of treatment. Adverse drug reactions were documented in approximately 14% of patients. Our results warrant restriction of PCA meperidine and evaluation of meperidine usage policies to improve pain management services and decrease the frequency of ADRs.
A Retrospective Analysis of the Short‐Term Effects of Olanzapine and Quetiapine on Weight and Body Mass Index in Children and Adolescents
Authors: Patel Nick C. , Kistler Jennifer S. , James Elizabeth B. , Crismon M. Lynn 
Published: July 2004

Study Objective.To evaluate changes in short‐term weight and body mass index (BMI) in children and adolescents receiving olanzapine or quetiapine.Design. Retrospective study.Setting. Austin State Hospital, Austin, Texas.Patients. One hundred three patients younger than 18 years who were admitted to the hospital and treated with olanzapine (50 patients) or quetiapine (53) for at least 2 weeks between October 1, 1997, and October 31, 2001.Intervention. Treatment with at least 2 weeks of olanzapine or quetiapine.Measurements and Main Results. Mean ± SD daily doses of olanzapine and quetiapine were 13.9 ± 7.3 and 510.9 ± 250.3 mg, respectively. Weight and height were measured at baseline and 14 or more days after baseline. Body mass index (in kg/m2) was calculated using serial measurements of weight and height, and change in BMI was determined. The olanzapine group gained an average of 3.8 kg, the quetiapine group 0.03 kg. In the olanzapine group, BMI increased by an average of 1.3 kg/m2; in the quetiapine group, BMI decreased by 0.2 kg/m2. After controlling for baseline differences, significant between‐group differences in weight and BMI change were noted. Change in BMI correlated significantly with baseline BMI in quetiapine‐treated girls.Conclusion. Patients taking olanzapine had greater increases in weight and BMI than those taking quetiapine. Further studies are necessary to determine the relative risk, magnitude, and time course of antipsychotic‐induced weight gain in this patient population.
Potential Drug Interactions with the Percent Carbohydrate‐Deficient Transferrin (%CDT) Test, a New Alcohol Biomarker
Authors: Mundt Marlon P. , Kraus Connie K. , Fleming Michael F. 
Published: July 2004

Study Objective.To determine the effects of drugs on levels of carbohydrate‐deficient transferrin (CDT), using the %CDT test, a new alcohol biomarker, in patients receiving drug therapy for chronic medical conditions such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and lipid disorders.Design.Regression analysis of transformed data.Setting.Eight primary care clinics in central Wisconsin.Patients.Seven hundred ninety‐nine primary care patients who were prescribed drug therapy for a variety of chronic illnesses such as diabetes, hypertension, and lipid disorders.Measurements and Main Results.The %CDT level, 30‐day history of alcohol consumption, symptoms of alcohol abuse or dependence, health status, and prescribed drugs were determined for each patient. All prescribed drugs that were taken by the patients in the last month were determined by self‐report, medical records, or pharmacy records. Of the 799 patients, 89 were receiving drug therapy for diabetes, 299 for hypertension, 209 for both diabetes and hypertension, and 202 for medical conditions other than diabetes or hypertension. A regression analysis was performed after the data were transformed. Alcohol consumption, sex, age, tobacco use, and 20 drug classes were entered into the model. Factors associated with increased %CDT levels were alcohol consumption, female sex, and bupropion use. Two additional drug classes, the angiotensin II receptor blockers and the tricyclic antidepressants, were associated with lower %CDT levels. The effects of bupropion and tricyclic antidepressants on %CDT levels, however, appear to be confounded by alcohol intake.Conclusion.This study suggests that only one of 20 drug classes—the angiotensin II receptor blockers—affected %CDT levels in our primary care sample. Additional research with larger samples is needed to focus on the effects of individual drugs used in general clinical settings on %CDT levels.
Potentially Inappropriate Drug Prescribing Among First‐Visit Elderly Outpatients in Taiwan
Authors: Chang Chia‐Ming , Liu Pheng‐Ying Yeh , Yang Yea‐Huei Kao , Yang Yi‐Ching , Wu Chun‐Feng , Lu Feng‐Hwa 
Published: July 2004

Study Objective. To determine the prevalence and risk factors of potentially inappropriate drug prescribing among first‐visit elderly outpatients.Design. Cross‐sectional survey.Setting. An urban tertiary care and academic medical center in southern Taiwan.Patients. Eight hundred eighty‐two patients aged 65 years or older who were prescribed drugs at their first visit to either the medical center's outpatient internal medicine clinic or family medicine clinic between March 1, 2001, and July 31, 2001.Measurements and Main Results. Potentially inappropriate drug prescribing was assessed according to updated Beers criteria. Ninety‐seven potentially inappropriate drugs were identified in 93 (10.5%) patients. The most common classes were sedative‐hypnotics (18.6%) and muscle relaxants (17.5%). Twenty (20.6%) of these inappropriate drugs had a high severity potential according to the Beers criteria. Patients prescribed potentially inappropriate drugs were more likely to be prescribed several drugs versus those who were not prescribed potentially inappropriate drugs (4.0 ± 1.9 vs 2.8 ± 1.4, p<0.001). Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed an interaction between age and the number of prescribed drugs on the risk of having potentially inappropriate drugs prescribed. In patients who were prescribed four agents or less, the risk was not associated with increasing age; in those who were prescribed five drugs or more, the risk was positively associated with increasing age.Conclusion. Potentially inappropriate drug prescribing among first‐visit elderly outpatients was relatively low. Increasing patient age combined with increased number of drugs prescribed was associated with increased risk of having potentially inappropriate drugs prescribed.
ICF syndrome in a girl with DNA hypomethylation but without detectable DNMT3B mutation
Authors: Kubota Takeo , Furuumi Hiroyasu , Kamoda Tomohiro , Iwasaki Nobuaki , Tobita Naomi , Fujiwara Nobuko , Goto Yu‐ichi , Matsui Akira , Sasaki Hiroyuki , Kajii Tadashi 
Published: July 2004

AbstractA 3‐year‐old girl with phenotypic and cytogenetic manifestations of the ICF syndrome and DNA hypomethylation but without DNMT3B gene mutation is described. At age 3 months, she had an apneic spell that left her with spastic paraplegia and severe mental retardation. At age 8 months, she suffered meningococcal meningitis and sepsis. When seen by us at age 3 years with virilization, she had a cleft plate, macroglossia, and an atrial septal defect. An adenoma was surgically removed from the right adrenal cortex. Her serum immunoglobulin levels were normal except IgA at the low normal border. Her lymphocytes showed paracentromeric stretching of chromosomes 1 and 16 in 7% of metaphases, and multiradial figures involving these chromosomes in 1% of cells. Hypomethylation of classical satellite 2 DNA was observed with BstBI digestion, but in a lesser degree than those in the individuals with proven DNMT3B mutations. No mutation was found in the coding and promoter regions of the gene. Several alternative interpretations were considered to explain the low frequencies of chromosomal instabilities and the lower degree of DNA hypomethylation, and undetected DNA3B mutations. A mutation may be present in the gene but undetected, present in other DNA methyltransferases (DNMT) genes or in a DNMT‐associated protein gene. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Marked phenotypic variability in progressive diaphyseal dysplasia (Camurati–Engelmann disease): Report of a four‐generation pedigree, identification of a mutation in TGFB1, and review
Authors: Wallace Stephanie E. , Lachman Ralph S. , Mekikian Pertchoui B. , Bui Kathy K. , Wilcox William R. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractProgressive diaphyseal dysplasia (PDD) (Camurati–Engelmann disease) is an autosomal dominant craniotubular dysplasia characterized by hyperostosis and sclerosis of the diaphyses of the long bones and the skull. Mutations in transforming growth factor β‐1 (TGFB1) were recently found in patients with PDD. We report on a four‐generation pedigree with seven individuals affected by PDD, linkage and mutational analysis results, and review the literature. This pedigree demonstrates the autosomal dominant inheritance pattern, remarkable variation in expressivity, and reduced penetrance. The most severely affected individual had progression of mild skull hyperostosis to severe skull thickening and cranial nerve compression over 30 years. His carrier father remained asymptomatic into his ninth decade and had no radiographic hyperostosis or sclerosis of the bones. Symptomatic relatives presented with lower limb pain and weakness. They were initially diagnosed with a variety of other conditions. Two of the symptomatic individuals were treated successfully with prednisone. We genotyped 7 markers from chromosome region 19q13.1‐13.3 in 15 relatives and confirmed linkage to this region in this family. We screened the TGFB1 gene for mutations and identified a missense mutation resulting in an R218H substitution in the affected individuals, the asymptomatic obligate carrier, and another unaffected relative. We genotyped the family for seven known TGFB1 polymorphisms and a novel TAAA tetranucleotide repeat in intron 1. These polymorphisms did not appear to account for the variability in disease severity in this family. Our review illustrates how the disorder can significantly compromise health. Cranial involvement, which occurs in 61% of patients, can be severe, entrapping cranial nerves or causing increased intracranial pressure. Therapy with corticosteroids should be attempted in all symptomatic patients. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A patient with a de novo 15q24q26.1 interstitial deletion, developmental delay, mild dysmorphism, and very blue irises
Authors: Spruijt L. , Engelen J.J.M. , Bruinen‐Smeijsters I.P. , Albrechts J.C.M. , Schrander J. , Schrander‐Stumpel C.T.R.M. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractWe report on a patient with a de novo 15q24q26.1 interstitial deletion. She presented with developmental delay, behavioral characteristics, and mild dysmorphism with very blue irises. We review the limited literature of interstitial 15q deletions. There was no distinct phenotypic overlap between these two cases in literature and the present patient. Additional reports are necessary in order to establish a possible recognizable deletion 15q24q26.1 phenotype. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Five years of molecular diagnosis of Fragile X syndrome (1997–2001): A collaborative study reporting 95% of the activity in France
Authors: Biancalana Valérie , Beldjord Chérif , Taillandier Agnès , Szpiro‐Tapia Sylvie , Cusin Véronica , Gerson Fabienne , Philippe Christophe , Mandel Jean‐Louis ,   The French National Working Group on Fragile X Syndrome
Published: July 2004

AbstractThe Fragile X syndrome is the most common cause of inherited mental retardation. Clinical features are neither specific nor constant and molecular diagnosis is thus widely used since the characterization of the causal mutation in 1991. The aim of this project was to study the evolution of Fragile X diagnosis in France. A preliminary study of the efficiency of screening for the Fragile X mutation in mentally retarded probands with no previous familial diagnosis was done in the Strasbourg's laboratory with a comparison between data from 1991–1994 and 1997–2000 (Biancalana et al. [2002: 1ières Assises de Génétique Humaine et Médicale: 95p]). This study showed an improvement in the use of the Fragile X testing regarding the probands' age at diagnosis and the recruitment of sporadic and female cases. To avoid possible bias in clinical referrals and to evaluate the situation nation wide, this study was enlarged to 28 of the 30 laboratories involved in the Fragile X diagnosis in France from 1997 to 2001 (20,816 probands tested, data representative of 95% of the national screening activity). Median age at diagnosis decreased from 9.2 to 5.8 (average 16–11.6y) between the 1991–1994 and the 1997–2001 studies. Over this period, 477 new families were diagnosed with Fragile X, representing 2.8% of tested male probands (417/14,867) and 1.0% of tested female probands (60/5,949). Forty one percent of positive cases corresponded to probands with a familial history of mental retardation, compared to 66% in the initial (1991–1994) study. We also discuss issues concerning premutations discovered in affected individuals and in females with premature ovarian failure (POF). © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Interactive web‐based programs to teach functional anatomy: The pterygopalatine fossa
Authors: Sinav Ahmet , Ambron Richard 
Published: July 2004

AbstractCertain areas of the body contain structures that are difficult to envision in their proper spatial orientations and whose functions are complex and difficult to grasp. This is especially true in the head, where many structures are relatively small and inaccessible. To address this problem, we are designing Web‐based programs that consist of high‐resolution interactive bitmap illustrations, prepared using Adobe Photoshop, and vector‐based animations, prepared via Macromedia Flash. Flash action script language is used for the animations. We have used this approach to prepare a program on the pterygopalatine fossa, an important neurovascular junction in the deep face that is especially difficult to approach by dissection and to depict in static images in an atlas. The program can be viewed online at http://cds.osr.columbia.edu/anatomy/ppfossa/. A table of contents simplifies navigation through the program and a menu enables the user to identify each of the vascular and neuronal components and either to insert or to remove each from its position in the fossa. The functional anatomy of the nerves in the fossa is animated. For example, users can activate and subsequently follow action potentials as they course along axons to their targets. This high degree of interactivity helps promote learning. Anat Rec (Part B: New Anat) 279B:4–8, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Making tracks: The forensic analysis of footprints and footwear impressions
Authors: Naples Virginia L. , Miller Jon S. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractAnalysis of footwear characteristics, impressions, and track ways can provide important evidence in a crime scene investigation. In this article, we present examples of how students can be involved in hands‐on laboratory‐based activities as a means of introducing the forensic sciences. The teaching methodology employs active learning strategies that allow students to discover scientific principles for themselves, develop techniques of critical thinking and problem solving, and gain appreciation for how knowledge arises. By including forensic sciences in the science curriculum, students develop an appreciation for the interrelatedness of all the sciences. From this series of activities, i.e., examining analyses of footprint and footwear impressions, students working as teams will gather information, analyze data, and draw conclusions. Moreover, students will be able to assess the significance of the quality and variability in the data collection process as well as learn the value of controls and experimental design through comparison of results with other groups. Anat Rec (Part B: New Anat) 279B:9–15, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effects of protein deficient diets on the developmental toxicity of inorganic arsenic in mice
Authors: Lammon Carol A. , Hood Ronald D. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractBACKGROUND: Inorganic arsenic, when given by injection to pregnant laboratory animals (mice, rats, hamsters), has been shown to induce malformations. Arsenic methylation may be a detoxification step, and diets deficient in protein are a poor source of methyl donors and may possibly result in impaired arsenic methylation. Human health effects from chronic arsenic exposure have been reported mainly in populations with low socioeconomic status. Individuals in such populations are likely to suffer from malnutrition, which can compromise embryonic/fetal development and diminish arsenic methylating capacity. We sought to determine if dietary protein deficiency affects the developmental toxicity of inorganic arsenic. METHODS: Mated females were randomly assigned to one of 12 treatment groups. Experimental groups received either AsIII or AsV i.p. on Gestation Day 8 (GD 8, plug=GD 0) and were maintained on a 5%, 10%, or 20% protein custom mixed diet from GD 1 until sacrifice. Controls received the custom diets alone, were given AsIII or AsV i.p. on GD 8 with Teklad LM‐485 rodent diet, or were fed the LM‐485 diet alone. Test females were sacrificed on GD 17, and their litters were examined for mortality and developmental defects. RESULTS: Arsenic plus dietary protein deficiency decreased maternal weight gain and increased the incidences of exencephaly, ablepharia, and skeletal defects, such as malformed vertebral centra, fused ribs, and abnormal sternebrae (bipartite, rudimentary, or unossified). CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrate that dietary protein deficiency enhances the developmental toxicity of inorganic arsenic, possibly by impairment of arsenic methylation. Birth Defects Res B 71:124–134, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.