bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rapid detection of viable microbes with 5-cyano-2,3-di-(p-tolyl)tetrazolium chloride and 5(6)-carboxyfluorescein diacetate using a fibre fluorescence spectroscopy system
Authors: Chiang Jessica , Robertson Julia , McGoverin Cushla M , Swift Simon , Vanholsbeeck Frédérique 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Aims
To assess the efficacy of two commercially available viability dyes, 5-cyano-2,3-di-(p-tolyl)tetrazolium chloride (CTC) and 5(6)-carboxyfluorescein diacetate (CFDA), in reporting on viable cell concentration and species using an all-fibre fluorometer.

Methods and results
Four bacterial species (two Gram-positive and two Gram-negative) commonly associated with food poisoning or food spoilage (Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus cereus) were stained with CTC or CFDA and the fibre fluorometer was used to collect full fluorescence emission spectra. A good correlation between concentration and fluorescence intensity was found for Gram-negative bacteria between 107 and 108 colony-forming units (CFU) ml−1. There was no correlation with concentration for Gram-positive bacteria; however, the information in the CTC and CFDA spectra shows the potential to distinguish Gram-negative cells from Gram-positive cells, although it may simply reflect the overall bacterial metabolic activity under staining conditions from this study.

Conclusions
The limit of detection (LoD) is too high in the dip-probe approach for analysis; however, the development of an approach measuring the fluorescence of single cells may improve this limitation. The development of new bacteria-specific fluorogenic dyes may also address this limitation. The ability to differentiate bacteria using these dyes may add value to measurements made to enumerate bacteria using CTC and CFDA.
Julia Keiner’s Universalism and the Question of Israeli style
Authors: Bernstein Noga 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The existence, or lack thereof, of a distinguishable Israeli style remains a central question in the historiography of Israeli art and design. This a examines tensions produced by this debate between the 1940s and 1960s—a formative period of Israeli nation-building—as manifested in the design and pedagogical ideology of handweaver Julia Keiner (1900–1992), who immigrated to Mandatory Palestine from Germany in 1936 and founded the textile department at the New Bezalel School of Art and Craft. I argue that, for Keiner, good design was based on objective, universal principles stemming from the interrelation of process and material, as well as the objective laws of nature. However, her work was ineluctably entangled with this search for a distinctly Hebrew or Israeli style. This essay shows how each of the textile department’s two fields of training—weaving and embroidery—reflected tensions between Keiner’s universalist approach and local efforts to establish such a national style.
Unraveling the Myotis morass: ultraconserved-element analysis reveals introgression, cryptic diversity, and taxonomic trouble
Authors: Korstian Jennifer M , Stevens Richard D , Lee Thomas E , Baker Robert J , Ray David A 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Using sequences from 2,615 ultraconserved element (UCE) loci and multiple methodologies we inferred phylogenies for the largest genetic data set of New World bats in the genus Myotis to date. The resulting phylogenetic trees were populated with short branch lengths and widespread conflict, hallmarks consistent with rapid adaptive radiations. The degree of conflict observed in Myotis has likely contributed to difficulties disentangling deeper evolutionary relationships. Unlike earlier phylogenies based on 1 to 2 gene sequences, this UCE data set places M. brandtii outside the New World clades. Introgression testing of a small subset of our samples revealed evidence of historical but not contemporary gene flow, suggesting that hybridization occurs less frequently in the Neotropics than the Nearctic. We identified several instances of cryptic lineages within described species as well as several instances of potential taxonomic oversplitting. Evidence from Central and South American localities suggests that diversity in those regions is not fully characterized. In light of the accumulated evidence of the evolutionary complexity in Myotis and our survey of the taxonomic implications from our phylogenies, it is apparent that the definition of species and regime of species delimitation need to be reevaluated for Myotis. This will require substantial collaboration and sample sharing between geneticists and taxonomists to build a system that is both robust and applicable in a genus as diverse as Myotis.
The Hell With Questions
Authors: Ippolito Michela 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
We discuss previous proposals for the semantics of wh-the-hell questions (domain widening theories and domain restriction theories), highlighting the challenges these accounts face in trying to explain the different properties of wh-the-hell questions and capture the contribution this expression makes to the semantics of the question. We review the semantic properties of wh-the-hell questions discussed in the literature and propose a new analysis according to which the hell signals doxastic dissonance. We argue that this proposal accounts for the semantic properties of this type of expletive question, and has the potential to extend to the class of wh-the-hell questions we see across languages.
A case of image-guided hematometrocolpos drainage requiring tissue plasminogen activator in a pediatric patient
Authors: Sharma Pareena , Shah Jay , Sokkary Nancy 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Hematometrocolpos (HMC) is a rare disorder that occurs when an anatomical anomaly like imperforate hymen causes menstrual blood to be retained in the uterus and vagina. There is no standard of care established for HMC beyond urgent vaginoplasty which requires a demanding post-operative course that may not be suited for all pediatric patients. This is a case report of successful use of image-guided percutaneous drainage of HMC with tissue plasminogen activator (TPA) followed by vaginoplasty in a 13-year-old female with lower vaginal atresia. Additionally, this case explores the role of menstrual suppression and the need for individualized guidelines. It emphasizes the potential of image-guided percutaneous drainage with TPA as a promising, less-invasive treatment option for pediatric HMC as well as the impact on follow-up surgery.
The cosmic baryon partition between the IGM and CGM in the SIMBA simulations
Authors: Khrykin Ilya S , Sorini Daniele , Lee Khee-Gan , Davé Romeel 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT
We use the simba suite of cosmological hydrodynamical simulations to investigate the importance of various stellar and active galactic nuclei (AGN) feedback mechanisms in partitioning the cosmic baryons between the intergalactic (IGM) and circumgalactic (CGM) media in the z ≤ 1 Universe. We identify the AGN jets as the most prominent mechanism for the redistribution of baryons between the IGM and CGM. In contrast to the full feedback models, deactivating AGN jets results in ≈20 per cent drop in fraction of baryons residing in the IGM and a consequent increase of CGM baryon fraction by ≈50 per cent. We find that stellar feedback modifies the partition of baryons on a 10 per cent level. We further examine the physical properties of simulated haloes in different mass bins, and their response to various feedback models. On average, a sixfold decrease in the CGM mass fraction due to the inclusion of feedback from AGN jets is detected in $10^{12}\, {\rm M}_{\odot } \le M_{\rm 200} \le 10^{14}\, {\rm M}_{\odot }$ haloes. Examination of the average radial gas density profiles of $M_{200} \gt 10^{12}\, {\rm M}_{\odot }$ haloes reveals up to an order of magnitude decrease in gas densities due to the AGN jet feedback. We compare gas density profiles from simba simulations to the predictions of the modified Navarro–Frenk–White model, and show that the latter provides a reasonable approximation within the virial radii of the full range of halo masses, but only when rescaled by the appropriate mass-dependent CGM fraction of the halo. The relative partitioning of cosmic baryons and, subsequently, the feedback models can be constrained observationally with fast radio bursts in upcoming surveys.
Pre-perihelion monitoring of interstellar comet 2I/Borisov
Authors: Prodan George P , Popescu Marcel , Licandro Javier , Akhlaghi Mohammad , de León Julia , Tatsumi Eri , Pastrav Bogdan Adrian , Hibbert Jacob M , Vǎduvescu Ovidiu , Simion Nicolae Gabriel , Pallé Enric , Narita Norio , Fukui Akihiko , Murgas Felipe 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT
The discovery of interstellar comet 2I/Borisov offered the unique opportunity to obtain a detailed analysis of an object coming from another planetary system, and leaving behind material in our interplanetary space. We continuously observed 2I/Borisov between 2019 October 3 and December 13 using the 1.52-m Telescopio Carlos Sánchez equipped with Multicolour Simultaneous Camera for studying Atmospheres of Transiting exoplanets 2 instrument, and the 2.54-m Isaac Newton Telescope with Wide Field Camera. We characterize its morphology and spectro-photometric features using the data gathered during this extended campaign. Simultaneous imaging in four bands (g, r, i, and zs) reveals a homogeneous composition and a reddish hue, resembling Solar system comets, and as well a diffuse profile exhibiting familiar cometary traits. We discern a stationary trend fluctuating around a constant activity level throughout 2019 October and November. Subsequently, a reduction in activity is observed in December. Dust production and mass-loss calculations indicate approximately an average of 4 kg s−1 before perihelion, while after perihelion the net mass-loss is about 0.6 kg s−1. Our simulations indicate the most probable size of coma dust particles should be in the range 200–250 nm, and the terminal speed around 300 m s−1. The spectrum acquired with the 4.2-m William Herschel Telescope shows the presence of a strong CN line for which we find a gas production rate of 1.2 × 1024 s−1. We also detected NH2 and OI bands. The ratio between NH2 and CN productions is log (NH2/CN) = −0.2. Overall, this observing campaign provides a new understanding of 2I/Borisov’s unique characteristics and activity patterns.
The relationship between emotion regulation and pain catastrophizing in patients with chronic pain
Authors: Yuan Yan , Schreiber Kristin , Flowers K Mikayla , Edwards Robert , Azizoddin Desiree , Ashcraft LauraEllen , Newhill Christina E , Hruschak Valerie 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Pain catastrophizing (PC) is a cognitive/emotional response to and in anticipation of pain that can be maladaptive, further exacerbating pain and difficulty in emotion regulation (ER). There is a lack of research on the interplay between PC and ER and its impact on pain. Our aim was to investigate whether ER exacerbated the pain experience through PC.

Methods
Adults with chronic non-cancer pain of &gt;3 months’ duration (n = 150) who were taking opioid medication were recruited from a large medical center in Pennsylvania. A battery of questionnaires was conducted to gather data on demographics, substance use, mental health histories, and health and pain outcomes. Measures used included the 18-Item Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale, the Pain Catastrophizing Scale, the Brief Pain Inventory–Short Form, and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. A structural equation model with latent variables was conducted to examine our aim.

Results
Both pain interference and severity were significantly positively associated with several psychosocial variables, such as anxiety, depression, ER constructs, PC, and distress intolerance. The associations between subscales and pain interference were larger than the associations between subscales and pain severity. PC fully mediated the paths from ER to pain experiences.

Discussion
Our results highlight the importance of several cognitive and emotional constructs: nonacceptance of negative emotions, lack of emotional awareness, magnification of the pain experience, and a sense of helplessness. Furthermore, by showing the indirect effects of PC in affecting ER and pain, we posit that ER, mediated by PC, might serve a critical role in influencing the pain experience in patients with chronic pain.
Body composition, pulmonary function tests, exercise capacity, and quality of life in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients with obesity
Authors: Muršić Davorka , Glunčić Tajana Jalušić , Ostojić Jelena , Škrinjarić-Cincar Sanda , Kardum Ljiljana Bulat , Dokoza Martina , Lazarušić Nataša Karamarković , Bešić Erim , Samaržija Miroslav , Dugac Andrea Vukić 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Purpose of the study
Larger proportions of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients are currently overweight or with obesity than underweight, and the combination of COPD and obesity is increasing. The purpose of this study was to investigate differences in the body composition, pulmonary function tests, exercise capacity, and health-related quality of life among normal weight, overweight, and obese patients with COPD.

Study design
A total of 514 patients with COPD were included in the study. According to the World Health Organization criteria for body mass index, the patients were classified as normal weight, overweight, and obese. Evaluations included fat-free mass, fat-free mass index, phase angle, pulmonary function tests, and 6-minute walk test. Dyspnea was assessed using the modified Medical Research Council dyspnea scale, and the health-related quality of life was evaluated using COPD Assessment Test and St. George’s Respiratory Questionnaire. Values were compared among the three groups.

Results
There were 315 male and 199 female patients, with a mean age of 66.7 ± 8.4 years. Fat-free mass, fat-free mass index, and phase angle values were significantly higher in COPD patients with obesity than in other patients (P &lt; .001, P &lt; .001, P &lt; .001). Forced expiratory volume in 1 s, forced expiratory volume in 1 s/forced vital capacity, and diffusing capacity of lung for carbon monoxide value in pulmonary function tests were significantly higher in COPD patients with obesity than in other patients (P = .046, P &lt; .001, P &lt; .001), while the forced vital capacity values were similar in all groups. Exercise capacity (6-min walk test distance), dyspnea symptoms (modified Medical Research Council scale), and health-related quality of life (COPD Assessment Test and St. George’s Respiratory Questionnaire) did not differ significantly between groups.

Conclusions
According to our study, obesity has no negative effect on pulmonary function tests, dyspnea perception, exercise capacity, and health-related quality of life.
New Classification Method for Equivalence Classes on S1/Z2 and T2/Z3 Orbifolds
Authors: Takeuchi Kota , Inagaki Tomohiro 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
In 5D and 6D U(N) and SU(N) gauge theories compactified on S1/Z2 and T2/Z3 orbifolds, we propose a new method to classify the equivalence classes (ECs) of boundary conditions (BCs) without depending on the structure of gauge transformations. Some of the BCs are connected through gauge transformations and constitute ECs, each of which contains physically equivalent BCs. Previous methods for classifying ECs have been used for specific gauge transformations. In this paper, we show that a geometric property of orbifolds significantly narrows down the possibilities of connecting BCs and completes the classification of ECs.
Can Human Capital Explain Income-Based Disparities in Financial Services?
Authors: Huang Ruidi , Linck James S , Mayer Erik J , Parsons Christopher A 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Research shows that access to high-quality financial services varies with local income and wealth. We study how financial firms’ internal allocation of human capital contributes to these disparities. Using a near-comprehensive panel of over 350,000 U.S. mortgage loan officers, we document large and persistent differences in productivity and performance. We find that firms’ hiring and promotion practices allocate workers with less experience or poor track records to branches serving low-income customers. Further, the consequences of poor performance differ by location: low sales, bad loans, and misconduct are more tolerated in low-income branches, exacerbating income-based disparities in financial services.
Geriatric Pain Protocol: Impact of Multimodal Pain Care for Elderly Orthopedic Trauma Patients
Authors: Andujo Paulina , Yue Kelsey , McKelvey Karma , Dornan Grant J. , Breda Kathleen 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT
Hip fractures are costly, and associated complications are the leading cause of injury-related deaths in persons 65 years or older. Uncontrolled pain leads to increased hospital length of stay (LOS), delayed physical therapy, and long-term functional impairment. The Geriatric Pain Protocol (GPP) is Cedars-Sinai's multimodal pain management solution, addressing the needs of older adult inpatients who have suffered fractures. Study participants included hip fracture patients admitted between February 1, 2019, and March 5, 2021. Inclusion criteria were patients 65 years or older with a hip fracture sustained from a ground-level fall and surgical candidate. Participants were divided into 2 categories: Geriatric Fracture Program (GFP) and non-GFP, with physician participation in the GFP being the differentiating factor. End points included postoperative pain, postoperative opioid utilization, LOS, complications, and 30-day readmission rates. The GPP decreased morphine milligram equivalent (MME) daily totals on days 1 and 2 and improved pain management compared with non-GPP patients. MMEs were lower in the GPP group than in the non-GPP group for both postoperative day 1 (POD1) (P = 0.007) and POD2 (P = 0.043); the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) pain score on POD1 was lower in the GPP group (vs non-GPP, P = 0.013). There were no group differences in NRS POD2 pain or complications (all Ps > 0.1). The study sample (N = 453) had no significant difference between sex and LOS (all Ps > 0.3). Although not statistically significant, the 30-day readmission rate trended lower in patients treated in accordance with the GPP. Use of the GPP reduced pain levels and MME totals.
Overlooked Pain Assessment Records in Patients with Pressure Injuries During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Retrospective Data Analysis
Authors: Sengul Tuba , Erden Sevilay , Karadağ Ayişe , Yilmaz Dilek , Gokduman Tugba 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND
During the COVID-19 pandemic, healthcare professionals focused on identifying the cause of hemodynamic instability in patients and may have neglected to assess pressure injury (PI)-related pain. Although pain is an early indicator of PI development, there has been no systematic evaluation of PI-related pain in patients.

OBJECTIVE
To review nurses’ records of PI-related pain in patients who developed PIs during the COVID-19 pandemic.

METHODS
This retrospective, descriptive study included data from 510 patients at one hospital. Collected data included patient demographics (age, sex, diagnosis, and comorbidities), PI classification, and assessment of PI-related pain. Assessment data regarding PI-related pain included the characteristics of the pain, the type of analgesia (pharmacologic/nonpharmacologic) administered before and after PI management (debridement, dressing change, etc), the route of administration, and the frequency of pain assessment before and after analgesia.

RESULTS
The mean age of the patients (60.4% men) was 28.96 (SD, 5.82) years, and the mean length of hospital stay was 26.15 (SD, 16.1) days. Overall, 43.1% of the patients were treated in the ICU, 68.0% were conscious, and 18.6% tested positive for COVID-19. Deep-tissue injuries occurred in 57.5% of patients, with 48.6% developing stage 2 PI. The sacral region was the most common area for PI development (44.8%). The mean duration of repositioning in patients with PI was 23.03 (SD, 5.4) hours. Only 0.40% of patients (n = 2) were evaluated for pain, and only one patient was assessed for pain before and after analgesia was administered.

CONCLUSIONS
The findings suggest a lack of comprehensive evaluation and records concerning PI-related pain in patients with COVID-19.
Validity and Reliability of the Pieper-Zulkowski Pressure Ulcer Knowledge Test for Use in Turkey
Authors: Yeşil Mine , Toygar İsmail , Aslan Fatma Eti 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE
To assess the validity and reliability of the Pieper-Zulkowski Pressure Ulcer Knowledge Test (PZ-PUKT) for use in Turkey.

METHODS
This methodological study was carried out at a state hospital from June to November 2022. The authors used the PZ-PUKT and nurse identification form for data collection. They assessed the validity and reliability of the PZ-PUKT for Turkish society by evaluating language validity, content validity index, exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, Cronbach α, Spearman-Brown Split-Half analysis, item-scale correlations, and test-retest correlations.

RESULTS
Item-level content validity indices ranged from .778 to 1.000 and the scale-level content validity index was .960. Factor loadings of the Turkish version of the PZ-PUKT ranged between .297 and .671. Cronbach α coefficients for the scale subsections were .838 for wounds, .851 for prevention, and .844 for staging; the Cronbach α coefficient was .936 for the total scale score.

CONCLUSIONS
The PZ-PUKT is valid and reliable for use with nurses in Turkey. The authors recommend using the Turkish version of the tool in education and research to assess nurses’ pressure injury knowledge.
The Impact of Malnutrition on Skin Integrity and Wound Healing
Authors: Demarest-Litchford Mary , Munoz Nancy , Strange Nancy , Casirati Amanda , Cereda Emanuele 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT
Malnutrition is a global health issue that occurs in individuals across all weight categories and irrespective of healthcare resources. Researchers report that poor diet contributed to approximately 11 million deaths worldwide in 2017. Nutrition status is a modifiable risk factor in individuals at risk of or with impaired skin integrity. Incorporating best practices in identifying and treating malnutrition in a timely manner improves clinical outcomes. Valuable resources from the Malnutrition Quality Improvement Initiative for acute care patients and malnutrition quality improvement measures for post acute care residents are discussed, as well as sources for additional reimbursement.

GENERAL PURPOSE
To recognize valuable resources from the Malnutrition Quality Improvement Initiative for acute care patients and malnutrition quality improvement measures for postacute care residents.

TARGET AUDIENCE
This continuing education activity is intended for physicians, physician assistants, nurse practitioners, and registered nurses with an interest in skin and wound care.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES/OUTCOMES
After participating in this educational activity, the participant will:
1. Distinguish the prevalence of malnutrition among acute care patients.
2. Explain the assessment guidelines for identifying malnutrition.
3. Identify the resources available for measuring malnutrition quality improvement.