bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Concerning Disaggregation of Gender and Racial/Ethnicity Disparity Investigation at Recent ASCO Annual Meetings
Authors: Gardner Ulysses G. , McClelland Shearwood 
Published: October 2023

Objectives:
There has been a recent emphasis in the peer-reviewed oncology literature on examining disparities by gender. Such emphasis provides an excellent opportunity to simultaneously examine race/ethnicity disparities in the same cohort. The degree to which gender disparities research has been performed concomitantly with racial disparities research at prominent oncologic societies has yet to be investigated.

Methods:
ABSTRACTs presented at the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) annual meeting were reviewed. Abstracts selected for the oral abstract or clinical science symposium sessions at the 2020, 2021, and 2022 annual meetings were evaluated to determine the amount of gender disparities research presented. Such research was further assessed to determine whether racial/ethnicity disparities were examined simultaneously.

Results:
From 2020 to 2022, 1219 abstracts were presented at the ASCO annual meetings, oral abstract or clinical science symposium sessions. Of these, 7 involved gender disparities examination, of which only 2 (29%) concomitantly examined race/ethnicity. No study since 2020 concomitantly examined gender and racial disparities.

Conclusions:
More than 70% of gender disparities work presented at ASCO has been disaggregated from concomitant racial disparities examination, with complete disaggregation since 2021. Gender disparities work remains a miniscule aspect of the overall research landscape. Future work in examining gender disparities may be best aggregated with racial/ethnicity disparities to optimize timely solutions in both areas; such work could potentially be incentivized from the inclusion criteria of future funding mechanisms.
Diabetes and the risk of cirrhosis and HCC: An analysis of the UK Biobank
Authors: Ye Fangzhou , Chen Liangkai , Zheng Xin 
Published: October 2023

Background:
Diabetes increases the risk of cirrhosis and HCC. We aimed to assess such associations given different diabetes statuses.

Methods:
We included 449,497 participants in the UK Biobank cohort (mean age 56.7±8.0 y; 45.5% male) and assessed the association between preclinical diabetes (prediabetes, having a high risk of diabetes), clinical diabetes (presence, duration, or glycemic control of type 2 diabetes), and incident liver cirrhosis and HCC by the Cox regression. Liver diseases were ascertained through inpatient records and national death registration. Gene-environment interaction was examined using the polygenic risk scores of cirrhosis and HCC.

Results:
Compared with normoglycemia, having <5 years,≥5 years of diabetes showed adjusted HRs (aHRs) of cirrhosis as 2.85 (2.45–3.32) and 3.43 (2.92–4.02), respectively, which was similarly observed in HCC. In diabetes, a level of hemoglobin A1c ≥ 7.5% showed aHRs of 1.37 (1.07–1.76) and 1.89 (1.10–3.25) for cirrhosis and HCC, respectively, compared with hemoglobin A1c < 6.5%. In non-diabetes, prediabetes presented aHRs of 1.41 (1.14–1.73) and 1.80 (1.06–3.04) of cirrhosis and HCC, respectively. Participants with a high risk of diabetes at baseline showed an aHR of 3.31 (2.65–4.13) for cirrhosis and 2.09 (1.15–3.80) for HCC. In those with a high genetic risk of HCC, having an increased risk of diabetes posed a significantly higher risk of HCC (aHR: 1.93, 1.45–2.58, P
interaction=0.005), compared with those without a high genetic risk of HCC.

Conclusions:
Not only diabetes but preclinical diabetes, longer diabetes duration, and higher baseline hemoglobin A1c were associated with an increased risk of incident cirrhosis and HCC in the general population.
Risk factors for intraoperative hypertensive crisis in patients with pheochromocytomas and sympathetic paragangliomas
Authors: Araujo-Castro Marta , García Sanz Iñigo , Mínguez Ojeda César , Hanzu Felicia , Mora Mireia , Vicente Almudena , Blanco Carrera Concepción , Miguel Novoa Paz de , López García María del Carmen , Lamas Cristina , Manjón-Miguélez Laura , del Castillo Tous María , Rodríguez de Vera Pablo , Barahona San Millán Rebeca , Recasens Mónica , Fernández-Ladreda Mariana Tomé , Valdés Nuria , Gracia Gimeno Paola , Robles Lazaro Cristina , Michalopoulou Theodora , Álvarez Escolá Cristina , García Centeno Rogelio , Calatayud María 
Published: October 2023

Purpose:
To identify presurgical and surgical risk factors for intraoperative hypertensive crisis in patients with pheochromocytomas and sympathetic paragangliomas (PGLs) (PPGLs).

Methods:
Retrospective multicenter cohort study of patients with PPGLs from 18 tertiary hospitals. Intraoperative hypertensive crisis was defined as systolic blood pressure (SBP) greater than 200 mmHg lasting more than 1 min and postoperative hypertensive crisis as SBP greater than 180 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) greater than 110 mmHg.

Results:
A total of 296 surgeries were included. Alpha presurgical blockade was employed in 93.2% of the cases and beta-adrenergic in 53.4%. Hypertensive crisis occurred in 20.3% (n = 60) of the surgeries: intraoperative crisis in 56 and postoperative crisis in 6 cases (2 cases had both types of crises). We identified as risk factors of intraoperative hypertensive crisis, absence of presurgical glucocorticoid therapy (odds ratio [OR] 3.48; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.19–10.12) higher presurgical SBP (OR 1.22 per each 10 mmHg, 95% CI 1.03–1.45), a larger tumor size (OR 1.09 per each 10 mm, 95% CI 1.00–1.19) and absence of oral sodium repletion (OR 2.59, 95% CI 1.25–5.35). Patients with hypertensive crisis had a higher rate of intraoperative bleeding (P < 0.001), of intraoperative hemodynamic instability (P < 0.001) and of intraoperative hypotensive episodes (P < 0.001) than those without hypertensive crisis.

Conclusion:
Intraoperative hypertensive crisis occurs in up to 20% of the PPGL resections. Patients not pretreated with glucocorticoid therapy before surgery, with larger tumors and higher presurgical SBP and who do not receive oral sodium repletion have a higher risk for developing hypertensive crisis during and after PPGL surgery.
NOVEL OUTER RETINAL COLUMNAR ABNORMALITIES AND NONVASOGENIC CYSTOID MACULAR EDEMA IN DENSE DEPOSIT DISEASE
Authors: Liang-Peng Claudia , Olvera-Barrios Abraham , Schwartz Roy , Grimaldi Gabriela , Egan Catherine , Tufail Adnan 
Published: October 2023

Purpose:
To describe the occurrence of bilateral outer retinal columnar abnormalities, nonvasogenic cystoid macular edema, and drusen in the context of dense deposit disease.

Methods:
Case report.

Patient:
An 18-year-old girl with dense deposit disease was referred to our specialist center for diagnosis and management with findings consistent with bilateral nonvasogenic cystoid macular edema and drusen. She was followed-up in our clinic for 40 months and treated with acetazolamide and ketorolac drops.

Results:
Baseline examination revealed bilateral visual acuity reduction and macular elevation with peripapillary drusen on fundus biomicroscopy. Optical coherence tomography revealed bilateral hyporeflective cystoid central macula changes, microcystoid changes with increased central subfield thickness (>450 μm), and outer retinal columnar abnormalities. Fluorescein angiography showed no evidence of macular leakage. Electrodiagnostic testing was within normal limits. Over the course of follow-up, she received treatment with acetazolamide 250 mg twice a day by mouth and ketorolac 0.5% eye drops, with a partial reduction in her edema and improvement in visual acuity.

Conclusion:
Dense deposit disease is a rare disease secondary to complement cascade dysregulation, associated with drusen. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of bilateral nonvasogenic cystoid macular edema and outer retinal columnar abnormalities in a young female patient with dense deposit disease, confirmed with multimodal imaging.
Antibody Persistence Following Administration of a Hexavalent DTwP-IPV-HB-PRP~T Vaccine Versus Separate DTwP-HB-PRP~T and IPV Vaccines and Safety and Immunogenicity of a Booster Dose of DTwP-IPV-HB-PRP~T Administered With an MMR Vaccine in Healthy Infants in India
Authors: Mangarule Somnath , Siddaiah Prashanth , Kawade Anand , Dhati Ravi Mandyam , Padmavathi Inumarthi Vara , Palkar Sonali , Tripathi Virendranath , Singh Raghvendra , Palvi Kudyar , Mitra Monjori , Shetty Ranjitha , Leclercq Julie , Midde Venkata Jayanth , Varghese Kucku , Kandukuri Sreeramulu Reddy , Kukian Darshna , Noriega Fernando 
Published: October 2023

Background:
Antibody persistence of a whole-cell pertussis-containing hexavalent vaccine (DTwP-IPV-HB-PRP~T) and its co- or sequential administration with measles, mumps, rubella (MMR) vaccine were evaluated.

Methods:
Phase III, open-label, randomized, multicenter study in India. Healthy toddlers 12–24 months of age who had received DTwP-IPV-HB-PRP~T or separate DTwP-HB-PRP~T+IPV primary vaccination at 6–8, 10–12 and 14–16 weeks of age received a DTwP-IPV-HB-PRP~T booster concomitantly with MMR (N = 336) or 28 days before MMR (N = 340). Participants had received a first dose of measles vaccine. Immunogenicity assessment used validated assays and safety was by parental reports. All analyses were descriptive.

Results:
All participants had prebooster anti-T ≥0.01 IU/mL and anti-polio 1 and 3 ≥8 1/dil, and ≥96.5% had anti-D ≥0.01 IU/mL, anti-HBs ≥10 mIU/mL, anti-polio 2 ≥8 1/dil and anti-PRP ≥0.15 µg/mL; for pertussis, antibody persistence was similar in each group. Postbooster immunogenicity for DTwP-IPV-HB-PRP~T was similar for each antigen in each group: ≥99.5% of participants had anti-D ≥0.01 IU/mL, anti-T ≥0.01 IU/mL, anti-polio 1, 2 and 3 >8 1/dil, anti-HBs ≥10 mIU/mL and anti-PRP ≥1 µg/mL; for pertussis, vaccine response was similar in each group [72.0%–75.9% (anti-PT), 80.8%–81.4% (anti-FIM), 77.6%–79.5% (anti-PRN), 78.2%–80.8% (anti-FHA)]. There was no difference in MMR immunogenicity between groups, and no difference in DTwP-IPV-HB-PRP~T booster immunogenicity based on the primary series. There were no safety concerns.

Conclusions:
DTwP-IPV-HB-PRP~T antibody persistence was similar to licensed comparators. Booster immunogenicity was robust after DTwP-IPV-HB-PRP~T with or without MMR, and MMR immunogenicity was not affected by coadministration with DTwP-IPV-HB-PRP~T.

Clinical Trials Registry India Number:
CTRI/2020/04/024843.
Biology and pathophysiology of symptomatic neuromas
Authors: Hwang Charles D. , Hoftiezer Yannick Albert J. , Raasveld Floris V. , Gomez-Eslava Barbara , van der Heijden E.P.A. , Jayakar Selwyn , Black Bryan James , Johnston Benjamin R. , Wainger Brian J. , Renthal William , Woolf Clifford J. , Eberlin Kyle R. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Neuromas are a substantial cause of morbidity and reduction in quality of life. This is not only caused by a disruption in motor and sensory function from the underlying nerve injury but also by the debilitating effects of neuropathic pain resulting from symptomatic neuromas. A wide range of surgical and therapeutic modalities have been introduced to mitigate this pain. Nevertheless, no single treatment option has been successful in completely resolving the associated constellation of symptoms. While certain novel surgical techniques have shown promising results in reducing neuroma-derived and phantom limb pain, their effectiveness and the exact mechanism behind their pain-relieving capacities have not yet been defined. Furthermore, surgery has inherent risks, may not be suitable for many patients, and may yet still fail to relieve pain. Therefore, there remains a great clinical need for additional therapeutic modalities to further improve treatment for patients with devastating injuries that lead to symptomatic neuromas. However, the molecular mechanisms and genetic contributions behind the regulatory programs that drive neuroma formation—as well as the resulting neuropathic pain—remain incompletely understood. Here, we review the histopathological features of symptomatic neuromas, our current understanding of the mechanisms that favor neuroma formation, and the putative contributory signals and regulatory programs that facilitate somatic pain, including neurotrophic factors, neuroinflammatory peptides, cytokines, along with transient receptor potential, and ionotropic channels that suggest possible approaches and innovations to identify novel clinical therapeutics.
Machine learning study of the extended drug–target interaction network informed by pain related voltage-gated sodium channels
Authors: Chen Long , Jiang Jian , Dou Bozheng , Feng Hongsong , Liu Jie , Zhu Yueying , Zhang Bengong , Zhou Tianshou , Wei Guo-Wei 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Pain is a significant global health issue, and the current treatment options for pain management have limitations in terms of effectiveness, side effects, and potential for addiction. There is a pressing need for improved pain treatments and the development of new drugs. Voltage-gated sodium channels, particularly Nav1.3, Nav1.7, Nav1.8, and Nav1.9, play a crucial role in neuronal excitability and are predominantly expressed in the peripheral nervous system. Targeting these channels may provide a means to treat pain while minimizing central and cardiac adverse effects. In this study, we construct protein–protein interaction (PPI) networks based on pain-related sodium channels and develop a corresponding drug–target interaction network to identify potential lead compounds for pain management. To ensure reliable machine learning predictions, we carefully select 111 inhibitor data sets from a pool of more than 1000 targets in the PPI network. We employ 3 distinct machine learning algorithms combined with advanced natural language processing (NLP)–based embeddings, specifically pretrained transformer and autoencoder representations. Through a systematic screening process, we evaluate the side effects and repurposing potential of more than 150,000 drug candidates targeting Nav1.7 and Nav1.8 sodium channels. In addition, we assess the ADMET (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity) properties of these candidates to identify leads with near-optimal characteristics. Our strategy provides an innovative platform for the pharmacological development of pain treatments, offering the potential for improved efficacy and reduced side effects.
Measurement properties of health-related quality of life measures for people living with metastatic disease of the spine: a systematic review
Authors: Qiao Liang , Ding Xing , He Shaohui , Zhang Fan , Yu Wenlong , Zhang Luosheng , Chen Dingbang , Gao Xin , Chu Peilin , Yan Yinjie , Huang Quan , Yang Xinghai , Yin Mengchen 
Published: October 2023

Purpose:
Patients with spinal metastases (SM) suffer from a significant quality of life (QoL) deterioration. The measurement of QoL has garnered significant attention. In this study, we aimed to investigate the frequency of QoL measurement, systematically appraise the measurement properties of identified instruments, and facilitate the effective selection of an appropriate QoL instrument for patients with SM.

Methods:
This systematic review adhered to the newly revised Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) statement guidelines. The methodological quality of studies was assessed using the Consensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement Instruments (COSMIN) checklist. Measurement property results were assessed using the adapted criteria. Each measurement property was allocated a separate rating (excellent, good, fair, or poor). “Best evidence synthesis” was performed using COSMIN outcomes and the quality of findings.

Result:
Two hundred and nine publications were included, and 18 instruments were identified. ECOG, EuroQol-5D, SF-36, SOSGOQ, and EORTC-QLQ-C30 were the top five instruments used for patients with SM in published literature. The measurement properties evaluated included internal consistency (four instruments), reliability (three instruments), validity (five instruments), validity (nine measures), floor and ceiling effects (four instruments), responsiveness (four instruments), and interpretability (three measures). Based on the limited evidence, Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) had the best methodological quality.

Conclusions:
Owing to the limitation of BPI in assessment domains, we cannot fully support the use of BPI. For the lack of high-quality research, it is challenging to nominate a single appropriate measure. Additional studies needed to explore the evidence before a confirmatory decision is made.
Prediction of survival in patients with infected pancreatic necrosis: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Ning Caihong , Ouyang Hui , Shen Dingcheng , Sun Zefang , Liu Baiqi , Hong Xiaoyue , Lin Chiayan , Li Jiarong , Chen Lu , Li Xinying , Huang Gengwen 
Published: October 2023

Background:
Infected pancreatic necrosis (IPN) is a severe complication of acute pancreatitis, with mortality rates ranging from 15% to 35%. However, limited studies exist to predict the survival of IPN patients and nomogram has never been built. This study aimed to identify predictors of mortality, estimate conditional survival (CS), and develop a CS nomogram and logistic regression nomogram for real-time prediction of survival in IPN patients.

Methods:
A prospective cohort study was performed in 335 IPN patients consecutively enrolled at a large Chinese tertiary hospital from January 2011 to December 2022. The random survival forest method was first employed to identify the most significant predictors and capture clinically relevant nonlinear threshold effects. Instantaneous death risk and CS was first utilized to reveal the dynamic changes in survival of IPN patients. A Cox model-based nomogram incorporating CS and a logistic regression-based nomogram were first developed and internally validated with a bootstrap method.

Results:
The random survival forest model identified seven foremost predictors of mortality, including number of organ failures, duration of organ failure, age, time from onset to first intervention, hemorrhage, bloodstream infection, and severity classification. Duration of organ failure, and time from onset to first intervention showed distinct thresholds and nonlinear relationships with mortality. Instantaneous death risk reduced progressively within the first 30 days, and CS analysis indicated gradual improvement in real-time survival since diagnosis, with 90-day survival rates gradually increasing from 0.778 to 0.838, 0.881, 0.974, and 0.992 after surviving 15, 30, 45, 60, and 75 days, respectively. After further variables selection using step regression, five predictors (age, number of organ failures, hemorrhage, time from onset to first intervention, and bloodstream infection) were utilized to construct both the CS nomogram and logistic regression nomogram, both of which demonstrated excellent performance with 1000 bootstrap.

Conclusion:
Number of organ failures, duration of organ failure, age, time from onset to first intervention, hemorrhage, bloodstream infection, and severity classification were the most crucial predictors of mortality of IPN patients. The CS nomogram and logistic regression nomogram constructed by these predictors could help clinicians to predict real-time survival and optimize clinical decisions.
Initial Response to Combination Therapies for Tinnitus: Lessons Learned From a Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Shin Seung-Ho , Byun Sung Wan , Lee Ho Yun 
Published: October 2023

Objective
To investigate the initial reduction of tinnitus effects by combining common therapies applicable in general otology clinics and establishing optimal treatment strategies.

Study Design
Retrospective cohort study.

Setting
A tertiary university hospital.

Patients
Patients with nonpulsatile subjective tinnitus who visited the hospital between January and December 2022.

Intervention(s)
Combination therapies consisting of at least one of the directive counseling based on the neurophysiological model, hearing aids, medication, and/or neuromodulation were performed.

Main Outcome Measure(s)
Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI) questionnaire at both their initial visit and 1-month follow-up.

Results
A total of 151 patients were enrolled. THI improvement of 20 points or more was observed in 31.8% of participants. One-way analysis of variance revealed that counseling had a significant reduction in THI, whereas neuromodulation, medication, and hearing aids did not. THI improvement was significantly associated with received counseling, severity of initial THI, and mean loudness discomfort level. Hearing aids and neuromodulation were not significant prognostic factors for improvement.

Conclusion
Counseling alone is the best treatment for most patients with tinnitus. There will be other patients with tinnitus that, in addition to counseling, would benefit from hearing aids, medications, and/or certain forms of neuromodulation.
Association of Smoke and Nicotine Product Consumption With Sensorineural Hearing Loss: A Population-Level Analysis
Authors: Li Marwin , Perlov Natalie M. , Patel Jena , Amin Dev , Kumar Ayan , Urdang Zachary D. , Willcox Thomas O. , Chiffer Rebecca C. 
Published: October 2023

Objective
To test the hypothesis that use of cigarettes or other products with either cigarette-like smoke profile or high nicotine content by young populations increases the odds of developing sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL).

Study Design
Retrospective cohort study.

Setting
TriNetX US Collaborative Network (2003–2022).

Patients
Approximately 3.6 million patients at least 18 years old.

Intervention
None.

Main Outcome Measures
The primary outcome of interest was diagnosis of SNHL, defined using medical billing codes (International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, Current Procedural Terminology, etc.). Cohort inclusion criteria included electronic health record entry after 2003, age 18 to 54 or 55+ years at index, and status of cigarette, noncigarette nicotine, or cannabis use. Covariates were controlled via 1:1 propensity score matching for SNHL-related conditions, including diabetes mellitus and ischemic diseases. Odds for developing SNHL were calculated against control subjects aged 18 to 54 years who have no record of nicotine/cannabis use.

Results
Odds for developing SNHL are higher for people 18 to 54 years old who use any nicotine product (odds ratio [95% confidence interval], 5.91 [5.71–6.13]), cigarettes only (4.00 [3.69–4.33]), chewing tobacco only (9.04 [7.09–11.63]), or cannabis only (3.99 [3.60–4.44]) compared with control. People 55+ years old who use no products also showed increased odds for SNHL (4.73 [4.63–4.85]).

Conclusions
Both nicotine and smoke exposure seem to be strongly associated with increased odds for developing SNHL, with chewing tobacco having the strongest association.