bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Afterword: Analogy all the Way Down
Authors: Tsoukas Haridimos 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This chapter argues the following. First, analogical thinking drives both thinking and organizing. Second, categorizing through analogy enables practitioners and scholars alike to extrapolate hitherto accumulated knowledge to new situations and, thus, to draw inferences. Third, demonstrating and teasing out the implications of the use of metaphorical language in both organizational life and organizational research is an important line of research. Fourth, suggestive, inspiring, and action-inducing as new metaphorical insights may be, they will yield explanatory benefits only insofar as they are further developed analytically—both metaphorical insights and theoretical abstraction matter. Thus, inspired by metaphorical descriptions, organizational researchers need to raise abstraction in order to work out in detail the core (as opposed to contingent) features of the phenomenon at hand.
The Meaning of a Word
Authors: Johnsen Hans Christian Garmann 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The aim of this chapter is to answer the question of what it is that makes a metaphor different from other words. The point of departure is that what we understand by “meaning” is key to answering this question and, thus, also key to a deeper understanding of metaphor and the use of metaphors in organization studies. The question is discussed in relation to three schools of language philosophy. The chapter claims that the analytical philosophy school views the meaning of a word as its reference and regard metaphors only as pseudo-science. In the phenomenology school, meaning is how we construct the object we approach and metaphors may be useful as a linguistic tool, but “meaning” goes beyond these tools. In the neo-Kantian school, the meaning of language means both sense and reference, and metaphors can therefore help us to understand the meaning of words in a historical perspective.
Explorations of the Shadow Realm
Authors: Harms Peter D. , Landay Karen , Fezzey Tyler 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Organizational scholars are increasingly recognizing the importance of subclinical or “dark” personality traits for understanding behavior at work. The present review considers the nature of dark personality traits, the major frameworks for understanding dark personality in both academic and workplace settings, and briefly summarizes research documenting the relationship between dark personality traits and workplace outcomes. We then review potential triggers for dark personality traits as well as contextual and normative circumstances where individuals may feel that their display of behaviors associated with dark traits is more likely to be tolerated. Finally, we outline an agenda for future research on dark personality in the workplace in terms of needed improvements on measures and methods and also how a better understanding of the interpersonal contexts surrounding individuals with dark personality that can shape how and when these traits impact critical organizational outcomes.
Individual Differences in Curiosity
Authors: Reio, Jr. Thomas G. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Curiosity is the foundation of learning and adaptation across the lifespan. It develops into interests, which in turn develop into personal, social, occupational, and research choices. Being curious and exploratory entails risk; one must be willing to step out of one’s comfort zone to seek new information and experiences. There are individual differences in both the cognitive and sensory forms of curiosity, with cognitive curiosity being closely linked to knowledge-seeking and problem-solving, and sensory curiosity closely associated with creativity and innovation. Research suggests there are age, gender, and to a much lesser extent, ethnic differences in curiosity. Contrary to popular belief, curiosity does not mysteriously disappear as we age; instead, we channel our curiosities into interpersonal, occupational, and intellectual areas. In other words, unless we are physically or psychologically unwell, our curiosity remains as robust as it ever was.
IQ, EQ, and Multiple Intelligences
Authors: Tuncdogan Aybars , Acar Oguz A. , Volberda Henk W. , de Ruyter Ko 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Research on intelligence has a long history and is one of the most established streams of research within the literature on individual differences. During this time, various conceptualizations and types of intelligence have been proposed, along with different instruments to measure them. In this chapter, we will briefly review intelligence research, with particular attention to general intelligence (IQ), emotional intelligence (EQ), and multiple intelligences. Moreover, we will discuss organizational research that considers the role of different intelligences, especially with respect to job performance. We will also consider ethical issues in intelligence research and propose future research directions. Overall, this chapter considers the role of intelligence in organizational contexts.
Organizational Research, Genetics, and the Possible Coming Era of Organizational Genomics
Authors: Li Wen-Dong , Song Zhaoli , Arvey Richard D. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Recent developments of behavioral genetics in organizational research and broader social sciences point to the possibility of an emerging field of organizational genomics. In this chapter, we first review theory and research looking at how genetic factors influence constructs in social sciences that are related to organizations. The chapter includes both twin studies and recent molecular genetics research. It then outlines a few directions for future organizational research that may capitalize on recent developments in molecular genetics research driven by the big data revolution. It concludes with reflecting on crucial issues related to ethics, genetic determinism, and practical implications of organizational genomics to employees, organizations, and the society at large.
Individual Differences in Teaming with Artificial Intelligence, Robots, and Virtual Agents in the Workplace
Authors: Matthews Gerald , Hancock Peter A. , Szalma James L. , Lin Jinchao , Panganiban April Rose 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
New intelligent technology is rapidly transforming the workplace. Employees face the challenges of managing complex systems powered by artificial intelligence (AI) and capable of autonomous decision-making. This chapter reviews individual difference factors that influence performance, trust, and well-being when the person is teamed with intelligent physical and virtual systems. Conventional personality traits such as the Big Five factors are expected to predict a range of outcomes, as in the traditional workplace. However, personality impacts may be moderated by novel factors such as the comprehensibility of AI, and the transfer of decision authority to the machine. Beyond standard personality, the chapter reviews various traits that capture aspects of the person’s mental model for advanced machines, including anthropomorphic perceptions of robots as teammates or threats.
Studying Judicial Behaviour with Text Analysis
Authors: Livermore Michael A. , Kham Chau Bao 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This chapter provides an overview of computational text analysis techniques used to study judicial behaviour and decision-making. As legal texts become increasingly digitalized, scholars can draw on tools from machine learning and natural language processing to convert unstructured texts into quantitative data that is amenable to empirical analysis. A burgeoning field of computational legal analysis uses these tools to study the law and legal institutions. The chapter surveys common methods for representing legal documents. These methods vary in sophistication from simple word counts to more complex tools such as topic modelling and word embeddings. Each approach has strengths and weakness and makes trade-offs between richness of representation, interpretability, and dimensionality reduction. Extracting meaningful data from legal texts requires thoughtful choices about representation and preprocessing. The chapter discusses interpretation, bias, and domain-specific challenges as important considerations when applying text analysis to study courts. Overall, computational text analysis supplements traditional methods and opens new avenues for empirical legal scholarship.
Judge Networks
Authors: Dressel Björn 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Judge networks—the interlocking, relatively stable relationships that a judge maintains with peers and other political and social actors on and off the bench—are widely suspected of exerting influence on judicial behaviour. Nevertheless, few scholars have studied whether and how that may happen in theory or practice. This chapter engages with the comparative judicial politics literature to show how judge networks can be understood from a relational perspective. Based on the findings, a basic heuristic framework—settings, motivations, and mechanisms—is proposed to improve understanding of how judge networks influence judicial decision-making. The discussion covers both the potential and the limitations of a judge-centred relational perspective on the study of judicial decision-making in the Global South and beyond.
Conceptualizing and Measuring Judicial Independence
Authors: van Dijk Frans 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Measures of judicial independence play an important role in a variety of cross-national models in political science and economics. Measurement serves also to assess the functioning of judiciaries. This chapter examines cross-national measurement of independence, whether as a single metric or multi-dimensional profile. Measuring starts with definition, and the analysis of the definitions used show different conceptualizations. While in law and judicial governance, independence is interpreted as, put simply, the judge being only led by the law, from which follow requirements for the judiciary, other sciences add dimensions such as the authority of judges and access to justice. It is concluded that stretching the meaning of independence leads to conceptual overlap and confusion. The chapter systematizes the available measurements, starting with the classic distinction between de jure and de facto independence. On the core of de jure independence, agreement exists. As to de facto independence, there is heavy reliance on perceptions, whether expert opinion or surveys among groups in society. More and better data is becoming available, superseding ad hoc data. While perceptions are essential, it is suggested that systematic analysis of judicial decisions as to their controversiality and to their implementation would provide deeper insight into independence.
Research Communities and the Collective Investment in Data Infrastructure
Authors: Staton Jeffrey K. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The field of comparative law and politics requires further investment in data infrastructure, including databases of judicial opinions, codes of various types, many features of the litigation process, which can promote coordination in scholarship at scale. The resource costs associated with producing these data are likely to be prohibitive for single researchers and even many small groups of scholars. Producing what the field needs is likely to require considerable collaboration among a relatively large, methodologically diverse set of scholars. In addition to providing vital infrastructure, this kind of collaboration can also help promote a healthy research community by encouraging learning about and coordination on good scientific standards. The approach will address communication problems that inhibit parallel work on shared research problems. Doing this well is no simple task, though. Organizing collaborative teams depends on ensuring that the incentives of team members are consistent with group goals, a challenge complicated by standard team production concerns, but especially problematic in light of disciplinary incentives that discourage infrastructural investment. Drawing on the experiences of the Varieties of Democracy Project, this chapter discusses how this kind of collaboration might manifest in the field. It highlights a decentralized team approach that balances individual incentives for academic freedom against group needs for consistency.
R&D Alliances and Open Innovation
Authors: Frankort Hans T. W. , Hagedoorn John 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This chapter takes stock of the empirical literature on research and development (R&D) alliances, one among several open innovation (OI) practices, and identifies opportunities to bring the traditions of research on R&D alliances and OI into closer alignment. Through a structured literature review, a wealth of research is revealed on the antecedents and consequences of R&D alliances and their characteristics, and almost half the sampled articles study R&D alliances alongside other OI practices. The chapter establishes that the core of the R&D alliance literature is rich and fairly balanced. Yet, it also argues that productive opportunities exist to more comprehensively examine the interdependencies between R&D alliances and other OI practices in their effects on performance.
Strategic Acceleration of Open Innovation at Porsche
Authors: Marquis Andre , Dierks Stefan 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
To successfully innovate, companies must test many new business models quickly and cost-efficiently. Corporations like Bosch and Porsche address this challenge by creating robust, digital innovation management processes coupled with an Open Innovation ecosystem of customers and partners. A new corporate strategy paradigm, Validation-Driven Strategy, is proposed in this chapter, that leverages visualizations of real-time Customer Resegmentation data generated by such Innovation Management processes to pick the most promising business model, technology, and value chain reconfiguration options to invest in. The data-driven nature of the Validation-Driven Strategy is in direct contrast to the approach to potential business model disruption most large companies take—placing big bets on technologies and strategies that have not been validated on customers. The case study of Porsche illustrates that a digital, metrics-driven business process allows for the simultaneous optimization of their customer, product, ecosystem, and strategy portfolios in enterprise software.
Open Innovation, Innovation in Ecosystems, and Innovation Beyond the Firm
Authors: West Joel , Olk Paul 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Multilateral collaborations are a frequently used but often overlooked mode of open innovation. Recently ecosystems have been a particularly popular topic for managers and researchers, whether they are business ecosystems, entrepreneurial regional ecosystems, innovation ecosystems, knowledge ecosystems, or platform ecosystems. This chapter examines the commonalities between research on open innovation and ecosystems on five key topics: a post-Chandlerian innovation paradigm, managing cross knowledge flows across organizational boundaries, interdependent business models, cooperative value creation and capture and profiting from innovation. From this, it focuses on how the alignment of firm business models—at the core of open innovation—can shed light on the joint value creation and value capture inherent in any innovation-related ecosystem.
Healthcare as a Sectoral System of Open Innovation
Authors: West Joel 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Scholars have previously studied sectoral systems of innovation to analyze the interdependence of innovation activities and capabilities in an industry, but such studies have not specifically considered the role of open innovation. This chapter reviews prior research to show how biomedical product firms within the healthcare sector—whether biotechnology, traditional pharmaceuticals, medical equipment or tools—demonstrate all modes of open innovation. Incumbent firms in-license technologies, acquire technologies and entire companies, while universities or small and large companies provide those technologies. Meanwhile, firms also practice coupled innovation, through bilateral and increasingly multilateral collaborative research. This chapter offers an example of how open innovation can be used to augment such sectoral studies, and presents a general model for open innovation knowledge flows in science-based industries.
Open Innovation as a Field of Knowledge
Authors: Radziwon Agnieszka , Chesbrough Henry 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This chapter offers an overview of the contributions to the Oxford Handbook on Open Innovation. It will reflect on the general development of Open Innovation (OI) as a field of knowledge and specifically explain how Open Innovation contributes, extends, and transforms the field of innovation studies. The reader is guided through the last 20 years of Open Innovation studies, covering important contributions along with a critical reflection on the development of the field relative to the research agenda identified by Bogers et al. (2017) and Dahlander et al. (2021). This chapter covers the past and present of open innovation, while the final chapter in the Handbook will articulate a path for future research.
The Evolving Craft of Innovation
Authors: Bessant John 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The process of identifying relevant skills and practices underpinning the craft of innovation and of codifying this knowledge into courses and training programs dates back at least a century. Open innovation has brought new perspectives to this state of affairs, especially in terms of the theoretical underpinning, with emphasis shifting toward a systems approach. This chapter traces the history of the evolution of innovation management as a body of knowledge and shows the way in which open innovation has changed what is taught at a conceptual level and the tools and techniques through which these concepts can be translated into management practice.
Open-Technology Maneuvering in Digital Infrastructures
Authors: Autio Erkko , Legenvre Hervé , Hameri Ari-Pekka 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Open innovation within digital infrastructures is fueled by digital technology commons (DTCs), open source software, open hardware, and other open digital technologies that can be accessed with highly permissive licensing conditions. This chapter describes four maneuvers ecosystem participants use to benefit from DTC projects: Supporting, Sponsoring, Siphoning, and Safeguarding. Ecosystem participants Support DTC projects by contributing to them. They Sponsor projects by enhancing their legitimacy. Sometimes they seek to Siphon the projects by extracting benefits at the expense of others. Such actions often trigger Safeguarding maneuvers against those who act against the interests of the DTC community. By focusing on strategic maneuvering, the focus of open source research is extended beyond community governance.
The Open Innovation–Business Model Innovation Nexus
Authors: Lu Qinli , Tucci Christopher L. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Despite the fact that business model innovation (BMI) is an important driver of business success, most studies on BMI have emphasized conceptual definitions, content analysis, and literature reviews. Theoretical underpinnings are often cited as necessary to advance this field. This chapter illustrates some key attributes of open innovation (OI) that support the advancement of business model and BMI research, and this link has not been investigated comprehensively by prior research. The development of OI and the development of BMI are proposed to keep pace with each other in a dynamic innovation process. To develop a consistent body of knowledge on BMI and OI, this chapter sheds light on how OI shapes business models and the relationship between OI and BMI, by providing a framework and two short case studies and discussing their implications.
The Changing Nature of Open Innovation
Authors: Teece David J. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Open innovation practices are an important dimension of the innovation ecosystem, but they take place in an evolving geopolitical context. For decades, the rapid advances in technology have been underpinned openness not only in basic science, but also in elements of technology development, especially in the field of software. This chapter examines the concept of cross-border innovation and explores geopolitical dimensions China is not aligned with current western norms and seems to be on a collision course with the liberal democracies. Firms and their home-country governments must now feel the need to circumscribe “openness” in order to preserve their ability to capture economic value and protect national security.
Open Source, The Ubiquitous Software Innovation Building Block
Authors: Zemlin James 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
In less than two decades, open source software has come to dominate the technology landscape across a wide swathe of key software categories, including operating systems, machine learning, databases, web servers, and more. The open source innovation model has evolved to support a rapidly expanding ecosystem and body of practice supplanting traditional technology development, sales, marketing, and management practices. Open source is also increasingly sparking innovation and forming communities to tackle broad industry problems in diverse fields, including agriculture, public health, motion pictures, and telecommunications. Building on the foundational work of Henry Chesbrough, Eric von Hippel, and Yochai Benkler in Open Innovation, hobbyist technology innovation, and peer-based production, this chapter explores the rise to dominance of open source, the market disruption this emergence has created, and how open source is reshaping legacy business practices not only for early-stage innovation but also for later-stage innovation and collaboration, at scale.
Open Innovation
Authors: Bagherzadeh Mehdi , Gurca Andrei 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
To tap external knowledge, firms use various open innovation (OI) mechanisms, such as crowdsourcing and partnerships, which have very different cost-benefit profiles. Firms use OI to serve the needs of specific innovation projects with diverse attributes, even in the same firm. This chapter first argues that the OI mechanism needs to be aligned with the project attributes for the successful completion of OI projects. It then develops a two-phased decision framework to provide insights into this alignment. The first phase seeks to align two main OI mechanisms––crowdsourcing and partnerships––with the project’s complexity level. In the second phase, crowdsourcing types (“fishing” vs. “hunting”) are aligned with knowledge pervasiveness and partnership types (non-equity vs. equity) with knowledge hiddenness.