bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Poliomyelitis and COVID-19: a repeated history
Authors: Anda Baicus 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The measurement of the enterovirus and the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in sewage water is relevant in the early detection of the introduction or disappearance of these viruses in the ecosystem. We evaluated the co-circulation of the enteroviruses and SARS-CoV-2 in 81 sewage water samples collected between September 2021 and April 2023 from different regions of north and southeast Romania, at the border with Ukraine. We used, for the molecular detection of the pathogens, the multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay produced for respiratory samples and the Respiratory 2.1 Plus panel Biofire Film array. The isolation of enteroviruses was performed on cell culture lines, in accordance with the World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations. By molecular investigations, we detected the SARS-CoV-2 in 22 (27%) samples, and the human rhinovirus/enterovirus in 64 (79%) samples. By isolation on cell culture lines, 27 samples (33,33%) were positive for non-polio enteroviruses, and no poliovirus strains were isolated, proving the maintenance of the polio-free status in Romania. In an emergency situation, the molecular detection of the pathogens in sewage water using a PCR system integrating sample preparation, amplification, detection, and analysis in 1 h could be implemented.
Spatio-temporal evaluation of the impact of anthropogenic stressors on physico-chemical characteristics and water quality of the River Ganga using GIS-based approach in the middle Gangetic Plains at Patna, Bihar, India
Authors: Zafar Mohammad Masroor , Kumari Anupma 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

The present study aimed to assess the impact of anthropogenic stressors on the physico-chemical characteristics and water quality of the River Ganga employing a GIS-based approach in the middle Gangetic Plain at Patna, India. After the survey, sand mining, bridge construction, and disposal of untreated domestic and sewage wastes were selected as major anthropogenic stressors. A total of 48 samples were collected in pre-monsoon and post-monsoon seasons of 2022 and were analyzed for 16 physico-chemical parameters, namely water temperature (WT), pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), turbidity, dissolved oxygen (DO), biological oxygen demand (BOD), total hardness (TH), Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, Cl- and SO42− ions, following standard protocols. The WQI was calculated using the Weighted Arithmetic Water Quality Index (WAQWI) method and spatial maps were created using ArcGIS software. The result revealed significant seasonal variation in several physico- chemical parameters except for Ca2+, K+ and TA (p &gt; 0.05). ANOVA revealed significant variation for BOD and COD at Ghagha and Triveni, whereas for nitrate at Gai Ghat reference and impact sites, respectively. The Water Quality Index (WQI) revealed a deterioration in water quality by 60% in post-monsoon season. HCA revealed that the WQI was mostly governed by TDS, TH, TA, and EC.
Insights into the Emerging Therapeutic Targets of Triple-negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Varshini Magham Sai , Krishnamurthy Praveen Thaggikuppe , Reddy Ramakamma Aishwarya , Wadhwani Ashish , Chandrashekar V.M. 
Published: February 2024

:
Triple-negative Breast Cancer (TNBC), the most aggressive breast cancer subtype, is
characterized by the non-appearance of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and
human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). Clinically, TNBC is marked by its low survival
rate, poor therapeutic outcomes, high aggressiveness, and lack of targeted therapies. Over the
past few decades, many clinical trials have been ongoing for targeted therapies in TNBC. Although
some classes, such as Poly (ADP Ribose) Polymerase (PARP) inhibitors and immunotherapies,
have shown positive therapeutic outcomes, however, clinical effects are not much satisfiable.
Moreover, the development of drug resistance is the major pattern observed in many targeted
monotherapies. The heterogeneity of TNBC might be the cause for limited clinical benefits.
Hence,, there is a need for the potential identification of new therapeutic targets to address the
above limitations. In this context, some novel targets that can address the above-mentioned concerns
are emerging in the era of TNBC therapy, which include Hypoxia Inducible Factor
(HIF-1α), Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9), Tumour Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α), β-Adrenergic
Receptor (β-AR), Voltage Gated Sodium Channels (VGSCs), and Cell Cycle Regulators. Currently,
we summarize the ongoing clinical trials and discuss the novel therapeutic targets in the management
of TNBC.
Recent Trends in Nanomaterial Based Electrochemical Sensors for Drug
Detection: Considering Green Assessment
Authors: Ozer Tugba , Henry Charles S. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract:
An individual’s therapeutic drug exposure level is directly linked to corresponding clinical
effects. Rapid, sensitive, inexpensive, portable and reliable devices are needed for diagnosis related
to drug exposure, treatment, and prognosis of diseases. Electrochemical sensors are useful
for drug monitoring due to their high sensitivity and fast response time. Also, they can be combined
with portable signal read-out devices for point-of-care applications. In recent years, nanomaterials
such as carbon-based, carbon-metal nanocomposites, noble nanomaterials have been widely
used to modify electrode surfaces due to their outstanding features including catalytic abilities,
conductivity, chemical stability, biocompatibility for development of electrochemical sensors.
This review paper presents the most recent advances about nanomaterials-based electrochemical
sensors including the use of green assessment approach for detection of drugs including anticancer,
antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and antibiotics covering the period from 2019 to 2023. The
sensor characteristics such as analyte interactions, fabrication, sensitivity, and selectivity are also
discussed. In addition, the current challenges and potential future directions of the field are highlighted.
Rapid Quantitation of Non-chromophoric Vigabatrin and Gabapentin by
a Validated qNMR Method in Bulk Drug and Marketed Formulations
Authors: Bedage Pooja , Sahu Archana , Singh Inder Pal 
Published: February 2024

Background:
Vigabatrin and gabapentin, commonly used antiepileptic drugs in clinics,
lack a UV active chromophore and, therefore, require cumbersome derivatization methods for analysis
by HPLC using fluorescence detection. This study demonstrated the use of NMR for their
quantitative determination in pure form and their pharmaceutical formulations.

Objective:
To develop a validated qNMR method for non-chromophoric drugs Vigabatrin and
Gabapentin.

Methods:
The signal of methine proton of vigabatrin at 3.67 ppm relative to the signal of maleic acid
at 6.17 ppm and the methylene signal of gabapentin at 2.88 ppm relative to the signal of caffeine
at 7.75 ppm was used for qNMR. The developed method was validated with respect to linearity,
limits of detection and quantitation, accuracy, precision, specificity and solution state stability.

Results:
Linearity range and r2 were found to be from 2.66 to 42.11 mg/mL and 0.9999. The limit
of detection and quantification were 0.0129 mg/mL and 0.0391 mg/mL, respectively, for vigabatrin.
This method was found to be linear (0.9998) and specific within the gabapentin concentration
range from 1.07 to 34.24 mg/mL of D2O. The limits of detection and quantification were 0.0248
mg/mL and 0.0751 mg/mL, respectively.

Conclusion:
Both methods were highly precise, with a calculated RSD of 0.60% and 0.76%, respectively.
The robustness of the methods was revealed by changing pre and post-processing NMR
parameters. The developed methods provide a simple and straight approach for the absolute determination
of gabapentin and vigabatrin in bulk drugs and their marketed formulations without any
pre-procedures.
Comparison of the Diagnostic Performance of Antigen B Purified from
Sheep Hydatid Cyst Fluid (HCF) with Commercial ELISA Kit
Authors: Darzi Fatemeh Abdollahpour , Asgarian-Omran Hossein , Sarvi Shahabeddin , Valadan Reza , Hataminejad Maryam , Mayahi Sabah , Shariatzadeh Seyyed Ali , Abbasi Toktam , Galeh Tahereh Mikaeili , Fakhar Mahdi , Harandi Majid Fassihi , Gholami Shirzad 
Published: February 2024

Introduction::
Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a zoonotic parasitic disease caused by the
metacestode of Echinococcus granulosus. CE is a health problem in Middle Eastern countries,
such as Iran. The purpose of this study was to purify subunit 8 KDa antigen B from crude sheep
hydatid cyst fluid (HCF) and compare its sensitivity and specificity with a commercial human
ELISA kit (PT-Hydatid-96).

Methods::
28 sera samples were collected from hydatid cyst patients who had surgery for a hydatid
cyst and had their disease confirmed by pathology after the surgery. Furthermore, 35 samples of
healthy individuals with no history of hydatid cysts were collected, as were nine serum samples
from parasite-infected non-CE patients. HCF was obtained from sheep fertile cysts at a Sari
slaughterhouse and used as an antigen. In an indirect ELISA test, the B antigen was employed,
and the results were compared to those from a commercial ELISA kit.

Results::
The results of this study were analyzed using the Kappa test. The commercial ELISA kit
showed 17 cases (23.6%) positive, 44 cases (61.1%) negative, and 11 cases (15.3%) borderline.
B antigen showed that 18 (25%), 43 (59.7 %), and 11 (15.3%) were positive, negative, and borderline,
respectively. One sample (1.4% of 72 total samples) of 35 serum samples from healthy
individuals was positive using B antigen-based ELISA. In addition, all nine serum samples from
parasite-infected non-CE patients were negative for both tests. The sensitivity and specificity of
the commercial ELISA kit have been evaluated at 60.7% and 100%, respectively. For B antigenbased
ELISA, these values are 64.3 and 97.7%, respectively.

Conclusion::
Antigen B produced from hydatid cyst fluid is a promising option for serological
identification of hydatid cysts in both infected and healthy individuals. In an indirect ELISA test,
hydatid fluid antigen could be used as a precise source of detection.
Recent Advances in Organocatalytic Synthesis and Catalytic Activity of
Substituted Pyrrolidines
Authors: Bhat Aeyaz Ahmad 
Published: February 2024

Abstract:
The emergence of enantioselective organocatalysis as a potent synthetic chemistry strate-gy that supports metal-catalyzed transformations has resulted in the creation of novel procedures for the synthesis of various chiral molecules. Organocatalysis is a desirable method for creating com-plex molecular structures due to its many benefits, including its ease of use, wide availability of cat-alysts and low toxicity. Chemists are actively exploring synthetic methodologies and looking into the applications of pyrrolidine-based organocatalysts. The application of organocatalysts spans a wide range of reaction types, highlighting their ability to participate in a variety of catalytic process-es. The current study offers a succinct summary of the principal strategic methods for producing pyrrolidine-based organocatalysts and demonstrating their usefulness in organic transformations.
Technical Considerations, Applications, and Benefits of Organogels in
Topical Drug Delivery Systems
Authors: Yadav Abhishek , Jhawat Vikas , Singh Rahul Pratap , Chauhan Sunita , Dutt Rohit , Goyal Rajesh , Singh Deependra 
Published: February 2024

Abstract:
Organogels represent semi-solid systems where an organic liquid phase is entrapped
within a three-dimensional network formed by self-assembled, crosslinked, or entangled gelator fibers.
These versatile materials find applications in a wide range of fields, including chemistry,
pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, biotechnology, and food technology. Notably, in pharmacology, they
serve as valuable platforms for drug and vaccine delivery, facilitating the transport of active ingredients
through various routes such as transdermal, oral, and parenteral. However, their previous utility
as drug delivery systems was hindered by the toxicity associated with the organic solvents used.
The pharmacokinetics of medications delivered via organogels are primarily influenced by the distinctive
properties of these materials, specifically their "high permeability and poor aqueous solubility,"
which can impact the bioavailability of the drugs. Organogels can be employed topically or for
the controlled release of medications through cutaneous administration and percutaneous absorption,
expanding their scope of application beyond conventional drug delivery methods. Organogels
hold significant promise as drug delivery vehicles due to their biocompatibility, non-irritating properties,
and thermoremanent characteristics. They enable the formulation of diverse drug delivery
systems by incorporating both hydrophilic and hydrophobic bioactive compounds within the gel
matrix. This comprehensive review offers an overview of organogels, encompassing their nature,
synthesis, characterization, and properties. Special attention is directed towards cutting-edge technologies
employed in designing organogels as potential controlled delivery systems, with a focus on
their emerging therapeutic applications.
Identifying the Risk Factors of Allergic Rhinitis Based on Zhihu Comment Data Using a Topic-Enhanced Word-Embedding Model: Mixed Method Study and Cluster Analysis
Authors: Gu Dongxiao , Wang Qin , Chai Yidong , Yang Xuejie , Zhao Wang , Li Min , Zolotarev Oleg , Xu Zhengfei , Zhang Gongrang 
Published: February 2024

Background
Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a chronic disease, and several risk factors predispose individuals to the condition in their daily lives, including exposure to allergens and inhalation irritants. Analyzing the potential risk factors that can trigger AR can provide reference material for individuals to use to reduce its occurrence in their daily lives. Nowadays, social media is a part of daily life, with an increasing number of people using at least 1 platform regularly. Social media enables users to share experiences among large groups of people who share the same interests and experience the same afflictions. Notably, these channels promote the ability to share health information.

Objective
This study aims to construct an intelligent method (TopicS-ClusterREV) for identifying the risk factors of AR based on these social media comments. The main questions were as follows: How many comments contained AR risk factor information? How many categories can these risk factors be summarized into? How do these risk factors trigger AR?

Methods
This study crawled all the data from May 2012 to May 2022 under the topic of allergic rhinitis on Zhihu, obtaining a total of 9628 posts and 33,747 comments. We improved the Skip-gram model to train topic-enhanced word vector representations (TopicS) and then vectorized annotated text items for training the risk factor classifier. Furthermore, cluster analysis enabled a closer look into the opinions expressed in the category, namely gaining insight into how risk factors trigger AR.

Results
Our classifier identified more comments containing risk factors than the other classification models, with an accuracy rate of 96.1% and a recall rate of 96.3%. In general, we clustered texts containing risk factors into 28 categories, with season, region, and mites being the most common risk factors. We gained insight into the risk factors expressed in each category; for example, seasonal changes and increased temperature differences between day and night can disrupt the body’s immune system and lead to the development of allergies.

Conclusions
Our approach can handle the amount of data and extract risk factors effectively. Moreover, the summary of risk factors can serve as a reference for individuals to reduce AR in their daily lives. The experimental data also provide a potential pathway that triggers AR. This finding can guide the development of management plans and interventions for AR.
Exploration of the Healthy Donor Effect Among 0.6 Million Blood Donors in China: Longitudinal Study
Authors: Su Shu , Sun Yang , Gu Xiaoyun , Wu Wenjie , Su Xiaodong , Ma Ting , Song Aowei , Xie Xinxin , Wang Liqin , Cheng Qianke , Guo Lingxia , Zhang Lei , Yang Jiangcun 
Published: February 2024

Background
The World Health Organization emphasizes the importance of completely voluntary blood donation to maintain safe and sustainable blood supplies. However, the benefits of blood donation for donors, such as reducing the risk of disease, remain a topic of debate due to the existence of the healthy donor effect (HDE). This effect arises because of inherent health differences between blood donors and the general population, and it is also considered a methodological issue.

Objective
This study aims to generate a more detailed health profile of blood donors from a donor cohort study to mitigate and quantify the HDE and properly interpret the association between blood donation and disease outcomes among blood donors.

Methods
A retrospective cohort study was conducted between January 2012 and December 2018 among donors before their first donation. One-to-one propensity score matching was conducted through a random selection of individuals without any history of blood donation, as reported from their electronic health records. We conducted a Poisson regression between blood donors and non–blood donors before the first donation to estimate the adjusted incidence rate ratio (AIRR) of selected blood donation–related diseases, as defined by 13 categories of International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD-10) codes.

Results
Of the 0.6 million blood donors, 15,115 had an inpatient record before their first donation, whereas 17,356 non–blood donors had an inpatient record. For the comparison between blood donors and the matched non–blood donors, the HDE (the disease incidence rate ratio between non–blood donors and blood donors) was an AIRR of 1.152 (95% CI 1.127-1.178; P<.001). Among disease categories not recommended for blood donation in China, the strongest HDE was observed in the ICD-10 D50-D89 codes, which pertain to diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs as well as certain disorders involving the immune mechanism (AIRR 3.225, 95% CI 2.402-4.330; P<.001). After age stratification, we found that people who had their first blood donation between 46-55 years old had the strongest HDE (AIRR 1.816, 95% CI 1.707-1.932; P<.001). Both male and female donors had significant HDE (AIRR 1.082, 95% CI 1.05-1.116; P=.003; and AIRR 1.236, 95% CI 1.196-1.277; P<.001, respectively) compared with matched non–blood donors.

Conclusions
: Our research findings suggest that the HDE is present among blood donors, particularly among female donors and those who first donated blood between the ages of 46 and 55 years.

Trial Registration
Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR2200055983; https://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.html?proj=51760
A Risk Assessment and Planning Tool to Prevent Sudden Unexpected Death in Infancy: Development and Evaluation of The Baby Sleep Planner
Authors: Pease Anna , Ingram Jenny , Lambert Becky , Patrick Karen , Pitts Kieren , Fleming Peter J , Blair Peter S ,   The Baby Sleep Project Family Advisory Group
Published: February 2024

Background
Successful national safer sleep campaigns in the United Kingdom have lowered the death rates from sudden unexpected death in infancy (SUDI) over the past 3 decades, but deaths persist in socioeconomically deprived families. The circumstances of current deaths suggest that improvements in support for some families to follow safer sleep advice more consistently could save lives.

Objective
This study aimed to develop and evaluate a risk assessment and planning tool designed to improve the uptake of safer sleep advice in families with infants at increased risk of SUDI.

Methods
A co-design approach was used to develop the prototype interface of a web-based tool with 2 parts: an individual SUDI risk assessment at birth and a downloadable plan for safety during times of disruption. The advice contained within the tool is concordant with national guidance from the Lullaby Trust, the United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund (UNICEF), and the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. User testing of the prototype tool was conducted by inviting health visitors, midwives, and family nurses to use it with families eligible for additional support. Qualitative interviews with health professionals and families allowed for iterative changes to the tool and for insights into its function and influence on parental behavior.

Results
A total of 22 health professionals were enrolled in the study, of whom 20 (91%) were interviewed. They reported appreciating the functionality of the tool, which allowed them to identify at-risk families for further support. They felt that the tool improved how they communicated about risks with families. They suggested expanding its use to include relevance in the antenatal period and having versions available in languages other than English. They reported using the tool with 58 families; 20 parents gave consent to be interviewed by the research team about their experiences with the tool. Families were positive about the tool, appreciated the trustworthy information, and felt that it was useful and appropriate and that the plans for specific infant sleeps would be of benefit to them and other family members.

Conclusions
Our tool combines risk assessment and safety planning, both of which have the potential to improve the uptake of lifesaving advice. Refinements to the tool based on these findings have ensured that the tool is ready for further evaluation in a larger study before being rolled out to families with infants at increased risk.