bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Luteotrophic factors in hyperstimulated pseudopregnant rabbit: I – Evidence for aromatase activity in luteal tissue and luteal cells
Authors: Arioua R K , Féral C , Benhaïm A , Delarue B , Leymarie P 
Published: December 2004

Abstract
It is well established that the rabbit corpus luteum (CL) function depends upon endogenous oestradiol, the major source of which in the rabbit ovary is considered to be the ovarian follicles. The absence of oestradiol formation by the rabbit CL has been previously reported.
In a hyperstimulated pseudopregnant rabbit model used in our laboratory which developed a large number of corpora lutea in response to chorionic gonadotrophin (eCG)/hCG, we observed the survival of corpora lutea in vivo, and normal levels of plasma progesterone throughout pseudopregnancy (PP), despite the scarcity or the absence of follicles as a source of the luteotrophic hormone. Measurement of oestradiol in the plasma indicated that it was at high levels and correlated with the number of corpora lutea. This led us to investigate the luteal origin of oestradiol in this model.
PP was induced in rabbits by i.m. injection of 200 IU eCG daily for 2 days followed on day 4 by i.m. injection of 200 IU hCG (day 0 of PP). Luteal tissue obtained at days 5, 9 and 12 of PP and cultured for 24 h synthesized oestradiol and testosterone in addition to progesterone. However, under the same conditions, follicles had limited capacity to secrete oestradiol. The presence of an aromatase activity in luteal tissue was confirmed when exogenous testosterone was added to the culture medium. P450aromatase (P450arom) mRNA was found in luteal tissue at days 5, 9 and 12 of PP.
Small or large luteal cells, obtained by enzymatic digestion of the tissue followed by centrifugation in a Percoll density gradient, were cultured during several days with or without gonadotrophin or dibutyryl cAMP (dbcAMP). Both types of cells secreted oestradiol. In small cells and luteal tissue, aromatase activity was stimulated (1·5–2-fold) by hCG and dbcAMP. Large cells exhibited a greater capacity to aromatize testosterone than small cells, but aromatase activity was not modified by hCG or by dbcAMP. FSH had no effect on aromatase activity of either luteal cell type.
This intrinsic luteal tissue aromatase capacity and the absence of premature regression of corpora lutea despite the limited support of follicular oestrogen, suggest an autocrine and luteotrophic role for this luteal oestrogen.
Journal of Endocrinology (1997) 154, 249–257
Physical mapping of human insulin-like growth factor-I using specific monoclonal antibodies
Authors: Mañes S , Kremer L , Vangbo B , López A , Gómez-Mouton C , Peiró E , Albar J P , Mendel-Hartvig I B , Llopis R , Martínez-A C 
Published: December 2004

Abstract
The primary structure of recombinant human (h) insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) epitopes recognized by a panel of 28 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) is characterized. Pairwise mAb epitope mapping defines eight 'epitopic clusters' (I–VIII) which cover nearly the entire solvent-exposed IGF-I surface. Monoclonal antibody reactivity with 32 overlapping synthetic peptides and with IGF-I mutants is used to associate these epitopic clusters with the probable primary IGF-I sequences recognized. Epitopic cluster I involves residues in the C-domain and the first α-helix of the A-domain; clusters II, V and VII involve principally the B-domain; clusters III and IV map to amino acid sequences (55–70) and (1–13) respectively; cluster VI includes the A- and B-domains; and cluster VIII involves mainly the C-terminal part of the B-domain. Data indicate that this mAb panel defines 14 distinct IGF-I epitopes. The specific inhibition of HEL 92.1.7 IGF-I-promoted proliferation by these mAbs was explored. Direct correlation between mAb affinity and inhibitory activity was observed except in the case of clusters III- and VII-specific mAbs. Finally, the combination of epitopic cluster I and II mAbs detect 0·5–10 ng/ml hIGF-I in a sandwich immunoassay, with no IGF-II crossreactivity. These anti-IGF-I mAbs are, therefore, useful for both the inhibition of IGF-I mitogenic activity and for the quantification of this growth factor. The potential use of this mAb panel in tumor cell growth control is discussed.
Journal of Endocrinology (1997) 154, 293–302
Analysis of co-factor function in a glucocorticoid-resistant small cell carcinoma cell line
Authors: Waters C E , Stevens A , White A , Ray D W 
Published: December 2004

Human small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) tumours exhibit neuroendocrine differentiation, secreting hormones such as ACTH and related peptides. While glucocorticoids inhibit ACTH secretion from the pituitary, this does not occur in SCLC tumours and SCLC cell lines. Failure of glucocorticoids to suppress ACTH peptides is accompanied by a global lack of glucocorticoid action in a number of SCLC cell lines.
In the human SCLC cell line, COR L103, activation of a human tyrosine aminotransferase (TAT3)-luciferase reporter gene is resistant to glucocorticoids despite similar glucocorticoid receptor (GR) expression to the glucocorticoid-sensitive A549 human lung cancer cell line; moreover, the GR is free of deleterious mutations. Over-expression of a wild-type GR restores glucocorticoid regulation of TAT3-luciferase, and this is enhanced when the activation function (AF)-2 domain is deleted but much reduced when the AF-1 domain is deleted. This suggests aberrant AF-2 activation domain function. We identified defective steroid receptor co-activator 1 (SRC1) recruitment to the GR AF-2 in COR L103 cells, although SRC1 was successfully recruited to the steroid X receptor with rifampicin, suggesting a defect in the GR. Analysis of other GR C-terminal co-factors identified increased expression of nuclear co-repressor (NCoR) in COR L103 cells. To determine the impact of this, NCoR was over-expressed in A549 cells, where it reduced GR transactivation by 55%.
In summary, glucocorticoid resistance is associated with altered SRC protein recruitment and increased expression of NCoR in these SCLC cells, suggesting that glucocorticoid sensitivity may be modified by subtle changes in co-factor recruitment.
Association of anophthalmia and esophageal atresia: Four new cases identified by the anophthalmia/microphthalmia clinical registry
Authors: Bardakjian Tanya M. , Schneider Adele 
Published: December 2004

AbstractWe report four new cases of the rare association of anophthalmia and esophageal atresia. There are only nine cases previously reported in the literature with this association. Our cases appear to be distinct from those already reported, thus increasing the number of cases to thirteen. Advances in developmental biology have shown that mutations in developmental genes active early in embryogenesis can lead to birth defects in multiple, seemingly unrelated systems. The network of genes that directs development has been highly conserved through evolution. Several transcription factors have been shown to be important in regulating eye development. Mutations in these developmental genes may be the cause of this clinical association. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Molecular and cytogenetic characterization of a non‐mosaic isodicentric Y chromosome in a patient with Klinefelter syndrome
Authors: Heinritz Wolfram , Kotzot Dieter , Heinze Stefan , Kujat Annegret , Kleemann Werner J. , Froster Ursula G. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractWe report on an adult male with Klinefelter phenotype and an isodicentric Y chromosome (47,XX,+idic(Y)(q12)), a combination which has to the best of our knowledge not been reported before. The patient was hospitalized in forensic psychiatry because of repeated delinquency, aggressive, aberrant and inappropriate behavior, and borderline intelligence. Molecular cytogenetic studies (FISH) showed that the SRY gene was present on both ends of the idicY, while there was only one signal for the Yq subtelomere probe. Molecular investigations by multiplex PCR, using STS markers covering the short and long arm of the Y chromosome did not indicate a deletion of Y chromosomal material. Molecular investigations of STR markers located on Xp22.3 and Xq28 indicated paternal origin of the additional X chromosome and an error in paternal meiosis I. Results of FISH analysis and molecular investigations are compatible with a phenotype as described for individuals with a 48,XXYY karyotype and support the findings that isodicentric Y chromosomes are frequently accompanied by other sex chromosomal abnormalities. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Aplasia cutis congenita, skull defect, brain heterotopia, and intestinal lymphangiectasia
Authors: Bonioli Eugenio , Hennekam Raoul C. , Spena Gianantonio , Morcaldi Guido , Di Stefano Antonio , Serra Giovanni , Bellini Carlo 
Published: December 2004

AbstractWe describe a female infant with a previously unreported combination of manifestations characterized by aplasia cutis, skull defect, brain heterotopia, mild congenital lymphedema, and intestinal lymphangiectasia. The association of intestinal lymphangiectasia and aplasia cutis, and the association of intestinal lymphangiectasia with brain heterotopia in the lymphedema‐lymphangiectasia‐mental retardation syndrome have been described in single reports. In one family, the association of cortical dysplasia and congenital lymphedema have been related to mutations in theRELNgene. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sensitive information: A review and research agenda
Authors: Thompson E. Dale , Kaarst‐Brown Michelle L. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractA basic challenge for intelligence and security informatics is exploring the ways in which humans categorize or classify “sensitive” information. Research and practice support the critical nature of categorization frameworks, yet there are a number of different ways humans conceptualize sensitive information. In this paper we review some of the dilemmas associated with classification of sensitive information, present different classification approaches, and then identify alternative propositions related to factors that influence judgments about degree of sensitivity. We conclude with directions for future research.
Addressing the homeland security problem: A collaborative decision‐making framework
Authors: Raghu T.S. , Ramesh R. , Whinston Andrew B. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractA majority of critical decisions requires collaborative efforts among analysts to build situation awareness. Teams of decision makers frequently have to react to incoming facts and developing events in a timely fashion such that the consequences of the decisions made largely have a positive impact on a developing situation. This problem is further exacerbated due to the multitude of agencies involved in the decision‐making process. Thus, the decision‐making processes faced by the intelligence agencies are characterized by group deliberations that are highly ill structured and yield limited analytical tractability. In this context, a collaborative approach to providing cognitive support to decision makers using a connectionist modeling approach is proposed. The connectionist modeling of such decision scenarios offers several unique and significant advantages in developing systems to support collaborative discussions. Several inference rules for augmenting the argument network and to capture implicit notions in arguments are proposed. We further explore the effects of incorporating notions of information source reliability within arguments and the effects thereof.
Schemas revisited
Authors: James Ian Andrew , Southam Lesley , Blackburn Ivy Marie 
Published: December 2004

AbstractSchemas are one of the key concepts of modern psychotherapy. However, there remains much confusion regarding the nature of this concept. For example, it is sometimes confused with related concepts (e.g. core beliefs) and often used incorrectly to describe specific forms of cognition (e.g. self‐referent beliefs). The present paper suggests that core beliefs and self‐referent beliefs are sub‐components of schemas, and thus should not be used synonymously with the parent concept. For many clinicians, these distinctions may appear rather pedantic or academic, but we would argue that correct differentiation is essential if one intends to deliver good therapy. It is suggested that a more appropriate understanding of the concept of schemas would draw clinicians' attention to many of the information processing mechanisms and biases that both hinder and facilitate therapeutic change.This paper also makes suggestions about how one could clarify the nature of schemas in terms of specific dimensions, which may provide better precision with respect to their use and function within clinical settings. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Parental rearing and substance related disorders—a multi‐factorial controlled study in a Swedish sample
Authors: Andersson P. , Eisemann M. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractDysfunctional parental rearing was investigated to evaluate cognitive self‐protective strategies in a high‐risk sample from the Methadone Maintenance Programme, Stockholm, Sweden, and healthy subjects respectively. The Bowlby‐Scale, the ASQ‐SWED, the Reciprocal Attachment Questionnaire, the Dysfunctional Attitudes Scale and the Dysfunctional Working Models Scale were used. Results confirm insecure attachment (types A, C, D) among addicts and secure attachment (type B) among controls. The influence of the pathological pattern Compulsive self‐reliance on the personality factor Confidence in self and others was 40.3 times higher (odds ratio) for addicts. The content of schemas in substance‐related disorders shows an individual vulnerability associated with a decreased social competence and a very high risk for the development of various types of psychopathology. On the other hand, findings obtained in control subjects attest to a ‘normal’ organization of self‐protective strategies and a pattern of behaviour mainly based on secure attachment. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Adolescent life events and adult mental health 5–9 years after referral for acute psychiatric outpatient treatment
Authors: Skarbø T. , Rosenvinge J.H. , Holte A. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractKnowledge is needed of mental health in relation to life events of former acute child and adolescent outpatients at risk of suicide. The present study describes the long‐term mental health outcome of young adults who as children or adolescents were referred to outpatient psychiatry for mental health problems, and identifies putative mental health statistical outcome predictors at follow‐up, with focus on life events. One hundred patients referred to treatment at child and adolescent outpatient clinics in Nordland County, Norway, during 1990–1994 were interviewed face to face, 5–9 years after referral. At follow‐up, life events at young age were associated with the mental health status in spite of referral and acute psychotherapeutic intervention. There was a general effect of life events at young age, affecting a large number of mental health variables. Childhood and adolescence difficulties were highly correlated, indicating a possible continuation of effects from childhood to adolescence. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fearful attachment, working alliance and treatment response for individuals with major depression
Authors: Reis Samantha , Grenyer Brin F. S. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe present research examines links between adult attachment styles, working alliance, and treatment response in men and women receiving 16 sessions of supportive–expressive dynamic psychotherapy for major depression. 58 clients were assessed using the Relationship Questionnaire and the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD) prior to commencement of psychotherapy. The Working Alliance Inventory was completed in session 3, and the HRSD was readmi‐nistered after six and 16 sessions. Results indicated that a high proportion (39%) of the sample reported ‘fearful–avoidant’ attachment at intake. Fearful avoidance also longitudinally predicted significantly more negative outcomes (particularly over the initial six sessions), but was unrelated to working alliance. Working alliance was unrelated to treatment response. Findings highlight the negative impact of fearful attachment on treatment response, but indicate that this occurs independent of the working alliance. The avoidance of intimacy for fear of rejection appears to impede successful psychotherapy, and treatment should be tailored for these clients. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Electronic Interactions in Ferrocene‐ and Ruthenocene‐Functionalized Tetraazamacrcocyclic Ligand Complexes of FeII/III, CoII, NiII, CuII and ZnII
Authors: Comba Peter , Linti Gerald , Merz Kathrin , Pritzkow Hans , Renz Franz 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe syntheses of ferrocene‐ and ruthenocene‐functionalized tetraazamacrocyclic ligands and their corresponding transition metal complexes are described. Reaction of N,N′‐bis(2‐aminoethyl)‐1,3‐propanediamine (2,3,2‐tet) with 1,1′‐diformylferrocene and 1,1′‐diformylruthenocene produces the ligands fcmac and rcmac in 81−85% yield. Examination of their CuII, NiII, CoII, ZnII and FeII/III complexes by IR, UV/Vis, EPR and Mössbauer spectroscopy as well as by electrochemical studies suggests electronic communication between the two metal centers of each complex. The molecular structure of [CuII(fcmac)(FBF3)]BF4, determined by X‐ray structure analysis, is reported and shows that the distance between the two metals is 4.54 Å. Stability constants, determined by potentiometric titration, indicate that the copper(II) complexes are of similar stability as those with unfunctionalized tetraazamacrocyclic ligands (e.g. cyclam = 1,4,8,11‐tetraazacyclotetradecane); stability constants of cobalt(II) complexes are about 2 log units smaller, those of nickel(II) and zinc(II) complexes are reduced by more than 10 log units. This selectivity is discussed on the basis of the structural studies. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Activation of protein phosphatase‐2A1 by HIV‐1 Vpr Cell death causing peptide in intact CD4+ T cells and in vitro
Authors: Janoo Anwar , Morrow Peter W. , Tung H.Y. Lim 
Published: December 2004

AbstractHIV‐1, the etiologic agent of human AIDS, causes cell death in host and non‐host cells via HIV‐1 Vpr, one of its auxiliary gene product. HIV‐1 Vpr can also cause cell cycle arrest in several cell types. The cellular processes that link HIV‐1 Vpr to the cell death machinery are not well characterized. Here, we show that the C terminal portion of HIV‐1 Vpr which encompasses amino acid residues 71–96 (HIV‐1 Vpr71–96), also termed HIV‐1 Vpr cell death causing peptide, is an activator of protein phosphatase‐2A1 when applied extracellularly to CD4+ T cells. HIV‐1 Vpr71–96 is a direct activator of protein phosphatase‐2A1 that has been purified from CD4+ T cells. Full length HIV‐1 Vpr by itself does not cause the activation of protein phosphatase‐2A1 in vitro. HIV‐1 Vpr71–96 also causes the activation of protein phosphatase‐2A0 and protein phosphatase‐2A1 from brain, liver, and adipose tissues. These results indicate that HIV‐1 can cause cell death of infected cells and non‐infected host and non‐host cells via HIV‐1 Vpr derived C terminal peptide(s) which act(s) by cell penetration and targeting of a key controller of the cell death machinery, namely, protein phosphatase‐2A1. The activation of other members of the protein phosphatase‐2A subfamily of enzymes which are involved in the control of several metabolic pathways in brain, liver, and adipose tissues by HIV‐1 Vpr derived C terminal peptide(s) may underlie various metabolic disturbances that are associated with HIV‐1 infection. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
T‐cell factor‐4‐dependent up‐regulation of fibronectin is involved in fibroblast growth factor‐2‐induced tube formation by endothelial cells
Authors: Kanda Shigeru , Miyata Yasuyoshi , Kanetake Hiroshi 
Published: December 2004

AbstractDeletion of fibronectin or its receptor, α5 integrin, interferes with the formation of a functional circulation in mice. We hypothesized that α5β1 integrin/fibronectin interaction may be involved in differentiation of endothelial cells during angiogenesis. We examined the effect of blocking antibody against α5β1 integrin in fibroblast growth factor‐2 (FGF‐2)‐induced angiogenesis by Matrigel plug assay. Although the antibody did not inhibit the recruitment of endothelial cells into plugs, it inhibited organization of lumen‐containing capillaries. The antibody also inhibited FGF‐2‐induced tube formation by murine brain capillary endothelial cells (IBE cells) cultured in type I collagen gels. We previously showed that FGF‐2 failed to induce tube formation by IBE cells expressing kinase‐dead c‐Fyn (KDFyn cells). Association with β‐catenin enhances the transcriptional activity of T‐cell factor‐4 (TCF‐4), which up‐regulates the expression of fibronectin. FGF‐2 induced association of β‐catenin with TCF‐4 and up‐regulation of fibronectin in IBE cells, but not in KDFyn cells. Expression of mutant TCF‐4, which does not associate with β‐catenin, inhibited FGF‐2‐induced tube formation and expression of fibronectin in IBE cells. FGF‐2‐induced tyrosine phosphorylation of β‐catenin, and association with TCF‐4 was increased in IBE cells, but not in KDFyn cells. Taken together, interaction of α5β1 integrin and fibronectin is involved in FGF‐2‐induced tube formation by endothelial cells and up‐regulation of fibronectin through TCF‐4 seemed to be involved in this process. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Molecular basis of human glutamate dehydrogenase regulation under changing energy demands
Authors: Mastorodemos Vasileios , Zaganas Ioannis , Spanaki Cleanthe , Bessa Maria , Plaitakis Andreas 
Published: December 2004

AbstractGlutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), an enzyme central to glutamate metabolism, is located in the mitochondria although there is evidence for extramitochondrial localization of GDH. In the human, housekeeping and nerve tissue‐specific isoforms, encoded by the GLUD1 and GLUD2 genes, have been identified. The two isoenzymes differ markedly in their baseline activities, allosteric regulation, and thermal stability. GTP potently inhibits GLUD1‐derived GDH (IC50 = 0.2 μM), whereas the GLUD2‐derived isoenzyme is resistant to this compound. The GLUD2‐derived GDH shows low basal activity and has the capacity to be activated fully by ADP or L‐leucine. We used molecular biological tools to study the subcellular localization of GLUD1‐derived GDH in cultured cells and the molecular basis of its regulation. COS7 cells, transfected with a GLUD1‐pEGFP‐N3 vector, revealed a GFP fluorescence pattern nearly identical to that of the mitochondrial marker pDsRed2‐Mito. Site‐directed mutagenesis of GLUD1 gene showed that replacement of Gly456 by Ala made the enzyme resistant to GTP (IC50 = 2.8 ± 0.15 μM) without altering its regulation by ADP. Substitution of Ser for Arg443 rendered the enzyme virtually inactive at its basal state, but fully responsive to ADP activation. The Arg443Ser mutant was more active at pH 7.0 than at pH 8.0. The Gly456Ala change therefore dissociated GLUD2‐derived GDH function from GTP, whereas the Arg443Ser change made enzyme regulation possible without this inhibitor. These properties may allow the brain isoenzyme to function well under conditions of intracellular acidification and increased turnover of ATP to ADP, as occurs in synaptic astrocytes during excitatory transmission. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Application of residual dipolar couplings in organic compounds
Authors: Yan Jiangli , Zartler Edward R. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractResidual dipolar couplings (RDCs) induced by anisotropic media are a powerful tool for the structure determination of biomolecules through NMR spectroscopy. Recent advances have proven it to be a valuable tool for determination of the stereochemistry of organic molecules. By simple inspection or order matrix calculations, RDCs provide unambiguous information about the relative configurations or complete stereochemistry of organic compounds. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.