bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Opposing effects of thyroid hormones on hypothalamic subunits and limbic structures in hyperthyroidism patients: A comprehensive volumetric study
Authors: Genç Barış , Aslan Kerim , Avcı Uğur , İncesu Lütfi , Günbey Hediye Pınar 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThyroid hormones play a critical role in brain development, but paradoxically, patients with hyperthyroidism often exhibit cognitive decline and irritability. This study aims to explore the pattern of atrophy in hyperthyroid patients, changes in specific areas of the brain, including hypothalamic subfields and limbic structures, and their relationships with hormonal levels and psychometric tests. This prospective cross‐sectional study involves 19 newly diagnosed, untreated hyperthyroid patients, and 15 age and gender‐matched control subjects. The participants underwent psychometric and cognitive tests and volumetric MRI. The hypothalamic subfield (anterior‐inferior, anterior‐superior, superior‐tubular, inferior‐tubular, and posterior hypothalamus) and limbic structures (fornix, basal forebrain, nucleus accumbens, and septal nucleus) were segmented using voxel‐based morphometry, surface‐based morphometry, and deep learning algorithms. The groups were compared using the t‐test, and correlation analyses were performed between clinical parameters and volumetric measurements. The correlation between hormonal parameters and volumetric measurements in patient and control groups was assessed with the Meng test. Hyperthyroid patients displayed widespread grey matter loss and sulcal shallowing in the left hemisphere. However, no local gyrification index changes or cortical thickness variations were detected. The limbic structures and hypothalamic subunits did not show any volume discrepancies. Free thyroxine in the patient group negatively correlated with bilateral anterior‐inferior and right septal nucleus, but positively correlated with left anterior‐inferior in the control group. Thyroid stimulating hormone in the patient group showed a positive correlation with bilateral fornix volume, a correlation absent in the control group. Disease duration negatively correlated with right anterior‐inferior, right tubular inferior, and right septal nucleus. Changes in cognitive and psychometric test scores in the patient group correlated with the bilateral septal nucleus volume. Hyperthyroidism primarily leads to a reduction in grey matter volume and sulcal shallowing. Thyroid hormones have differing volumetric effects in limbic structures and hypothalamic subunits under physiological and hyperthyroid conditions.
Parent‐proxy pediatric CMT quality of life outcome measure: Validation of the Italian version
Authors: Danti Federica Rachele , Pagliano Emanuela , Pareyson Davide , Foscan Maria , Marchi Alessia , Feoli Alessia , Bruschi Fabio , Piscosquito Giuseppe , Shy Micheal E. , Ramchandren Sindhu , Moroni Isabella , Wu Tong Tong 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackground and AimsThe parent‐proxy reports can offer complementary informations or be the only source of Quality of Life measurement in young children. The aim of this study was to provide and validate the Italian version of the recently published parent‐proxy pCMT‐QOL for patients aged 8–18 years old, making it available for possible trials in Italian speaking children.MethodsThe English‐language instrument was translated and adapted into the Italian language using standard procedures: translation, transcultural adaptation, and back‐translation. Parent‐proxy pCMT‐QOL was administered to parents of patients with a genetic diagnosis of CMT, aged 8–18 years old. All parents were retested 2 weeks later to assess reliability.ResultsA total of 21 parents of CMT patients (18 CMT1A, 2 CMT2A, 1 CMT2K) were assessed during their children clinical appointments. The Italian‐pCMT‐QOL showed a high test–retest reliability; none of the parents had any difficulties with the completion of the questionnaire and no further revisions were necessary after completion.InterpretationThe Italian parent‐proxy pCMT‐QOL is a reliable, culturally adapted, and comparable version of the original English instrument. This questionnaire will improve the quality of the follow‐up and will make it possible to monitor more accurately the severity of the disease in Italian‐speaking families.
Skin necrosis after intradermal injection of lyophilized exosome: A case report and a review of the literature
Authors: Tawanwongsri Weeratian , Vachiramon Vasanop 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundExosomes have gained attention for their potential in skin rejuvenation. Currently, most exosome products are available for topical administration, and the use of subdermal injection as a route of administration has not been approved.AimsThe purpose of this case report is to describe a case of skin necrosis that occurred following an intradermal injection of lyophilized exosomes.Materials and MethodsWe hereby report a case of a middle‐aged man who experienced adverse effects after receiving an intradermal injection of lyophilized exosomes. Multiple injections of an exosome product were administered to treat enlarged facial pores. Shortly after the injection, the patient felt pain and noticed several dark red bumps. Three days after injection, the lesions transformed into palpable, painful, non‐blanchable purplish papules and nodules, accompanied by central, tiny crusted erosions. The residual product was injected into the upper arm using an intradermal method. Similar lesions also appeared, and a skin biopsy showed necrotic keratinocytes, leukocytoclastic vasculitis, and eccrine necrosis.ResultsThere are few reports available regarding complications, especially those related to intradermal exosomes. These complications include multiple foreign‐body granulomatous reactions at the injection sites. In our case, oral prednisolone was administered for a duration of 7 days. After the treatment, the lesions exhibited notable improvement, eventually leaving post‐inflammatory hyperpigmentation.ConclusionUtilizing exosomes through unapproved methods should be avoided due to the possibility of adverse reactions that could cause aesthetic issues.
Associations of menopausal status and eating behaviour with subjective measures of sleep
Authors: Lankila Hannamari , Kuutti Mari A. , Kekäläinen Tiia , Hietavala Enni‐Maria , Laakkonen Eija K. 
Published: February 2024

SummaryEating and sleeping behaviour are known to interact with each other, yet research is limited in the context of menopausal women. The aim of this study was to examine whether menopausal status is associated with perceived problems in sleeping. Furthermore, we studied different aspects of eating behaviour as potential risk factors for poor sleep in menopausal women. The present study is exploratory in nature, thus the results should be interpreted as hypothesis‐generating. We analysed the sleeping and eating behaviour of 1098 women aged 47–55 years and represented different menopausal statuses with regression analyses. Over 20% of them reported fairly poor or poor perceived sleep quality. A higher number of postmenopausal women reported experiencing at least fairly poor sleep quality compared with the other menopausal groups. However, in regression models controlled for several confounding factors menopausal status was not associated with measures of sleep. Women who reported more snacking‐type eating behaviour were more likely to report shorter sleep duration, and more daytime tiredness. Externally cued eating was associated with shorter sleep duration and emotional eating was associated with experiencing daytime tiredness. However, after adjusting for multiple testing, it appears that eating behaviour is associated only with daytime tiredness. Menopausal women with sleeping problems may benefit from nutritional interventions targeting eating behaviour.
Comparison of D‐dimer concentration and thromboelastography for diagnosis of cerebrovascular accidents in dogs: A retrospective study
Authors: DiPaola Elizabeth , Cameron Starr , Rylander Helena , Zidan Natalia , Hetzel Scott 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundCerebrovascular accidents (CVAs) in dogs are diagnosed using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). This modality is sometimes unavailable, and CVAs can resemble other lesions on MRI. D‐dimer concentration and thromboelastography (TEG) are utilized in human medicine in addition to diagnostic imaging to support diagnosis of CVAs, but their use in veterinary patients has not been assessed.ObjectiveAssess utility of blood D‐dimer concentration and TEG in supporting the imaging diagnosis of CVAs in dogs.AnimalsSixty‐eight client‐owned dogs with neurologic signs that had brain MRI and D‐dimer concentration or TEG performed.MethodsMulticenter, retrospective study. The incidence of abnormal D‐dimer concentration or TEG was compared between patients with MRI evidence of CVA and a control population. Analysis methods included Fisher's exact test or Chi‐squared test for association and comparison of independent proportions.ResultsNeither D‐dimer concentration nor TEG was significantly associated with a CVA (P = .38 and .2, respectively). D‐dimer testing was performed in a low‐risk population and showed low sensitivity (30.8%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 10%‐61%) and high specificity (86.4%; 95% CI, 64%‐96%) for CVA diagnosis. Thromboelastography was performed in a high‐risk population and showed moderate sensitivity (64.3%; 95% CI, 44%‐81%) and specificity (66.7%; 95% CI, 24%‐94%) for CVA diagnosis. Abnormal D‐dimer concentration or TEG were not helpful in differentiating hemorrhagic from ischemic stroke (P = .43 and .41, respectively).ConclusionsAlthough blood D‐dimer concentration or TEG alone are not diagnostic of CVAs in dogs, a positive D‐dimer result supports additional testing for CVA.
Scaffolding comprehension with reading while listening and the role of reading speed and text complexity
Authors: Hui Bronson 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAudiobooks allow language learners to read and listen to the same text simultaneously; yet the effects of this bimodal input (written and spoken) on learners’ comprehension have been inconsistent, suggesting that the conditions under which audiobooks can help comprehension are not well understood. As such, I explored silent reading speed and text complexity as two potential variables that moderate reading‐while‐listening (RWL) comprehension. In a within‐participant design, 46 English learners in an American university read, listened to, and simultaneously read and listened to two complexity versions of a fictional text. Mixed‐effects regression modeling revealed that participants comprehended better in the RWL conditions than in the listening‐only conditions, echoing findings from the captions literature. This effect was moderated by neither silent reading speed nor text complexity. There were also no main effects between RWL and reading‐only conditions, indicating limitations in the use of audiobooks in language classrooms to promote written text comprehension.
Phenazine biosynthesis protein MoPhzF regulates appressorium formation and host infection through canonical metabolic and noncanonical signaling function in Magnaporthe oryzae
Authors: Ma Danying , Xu Jiayun , Wu Miao , Zhang Ruiming , Hu Zhao , Ji Chang‐an , Wang Yifan , Zhang Ziqi , Yu Rui , Liu Xinyu , Yang Leiyun , Li Gang , Shen Danyu , Liu Muxing , Yang Zhixiang , Zhang Haifeng , Wang Ping , Zhang Zhengguang 
Published: February 2024

Summary
Microbe‐produced secondary metabolite phenazine‐1‐carboxylic acid (PCA) facilitates pathogen virulence and defense mechanisms against competitors. Magnaporthe oryzae, a causal agent of the devastating rice blast disease, needs to compete with other phyllosphere microbes and overcome host immunity for successful colonization and infection.
However, whether M. oryzae produces PCA or it has any other functions remains unknown. Here, we found that the MoPHZF gene encodes the phenazine biosynthesis protein MoPhzF, synthesizes PCA in M. oryzae, and regulates appressorium formation and host virulence.
MoPhzF is likely acquired through an ancient horizontal gene transfer event and has a canonical function in PCA synthesis. In addition, we found that PCA has a role in suppressing the accumulation of host‐derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) during infection. Further examination indicated that MoPhzF recruits both the endoplasmic reticulum membrane protein MoEmc2 and the regulator of G‐protein signaling MoRgs1 to the plasma membrane (PM) for MoRgs1 phosphorylation, which is a critical regulatory mechanism in appressorium formation and pathogenicity.
Collectively, our studies unveiled a canonical function of MoPhzF in PCA synthesis and a noncanonical signaling function in promoting appressorium formation and host infection.
The effect of c‐Fos on the prognosis, proliferation, and invasion of oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Peng Lu , Sun Ercan , Zhang Jinfang , Cai Lanyu , Zheng Jun , Zeng Yan 
Published: February 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to determine the role of c‐Fos in growth and invasion of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).MethodsImmunohistochemistry was used to assess c‐Fos expression in 94 OSCC tissues and 30 adjacent normal tissues, the correlation between c‐Fos expression and clinicopathological characteristics was examined, and Kaplan–Meier and Cox analysis were used to investigate the role of c‐Fos in predicting the prognosis of OSCC patients. The effects of c‐Fos on the growth and invasion of OSCC were disclosed by overexpression and knockdown of c‐Fos. Furthermore, based on bioinformatics prediction, the effect of miR‐155‐5p on c‐Fos expression was examined, and dual‐luciferase reporter assay system was used to determine whether miR‐155‐5p regulated the transcriptional activity of c‐Fos in OSCC.Resultsc‐Fos was markedly increased in OSCC tissues and cells. c‐Fos upregulation indicates a poor prognosis in OSCC patients, and c‐Fos promotes cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in OSCC. miR‐155‐5p could regulate the expression and the transcriptional activity of c‐Fos by directly targeting the c‐Fos 3′‐UTR.ConclusionThis study demonstrated that c‐Fos contributed to the progression of OSCC and may act as a potential target for OSCC therapy, and a potential prognostic biomarker of OSCC.
Dermatologic manifestations in pediatric patients with inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Afarideh Mohsen , Bartoletta Katherine , Tollefson Megha M. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundDespite studies of dermatologic manifestations in adults with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), little is known about the prevalence of IBD‐associated skin lesions and their correlation with IBD severity in children. We aimed to address these knowledge gaps in our single‐center cohort of children with IBD.MethodsRetrospective chart review of 528 children and adolescents (≤18 years old) with IBD and seen at Mayo Clinic (Rochester, MN) between 1999 and 2017 was conducted. The Chi‐Square/Fischer's exact test (with p ≤ .05 to signify statistical significance) was applied to compare categorical outcomes between Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) patients.ResultsIn total, 425 IBD patients (64.9% CD, 53% males) and ≥1 dermatologic diagnosis were included. Presence of ≥1 cutaneous infection was recorded in 42.8% of participants. Acne was the most common non‐infectious dermatologic condition (30.8%), followed by eczema (15.8%) and perianal skin tags (14.6%). Angular cheilitis (p = .024), keratosis pilaris (KP, p = .003), and perianal skin complications (i.e., skin tags, fistula, and abscesses; all p < .001) were more frequently diagnosed among children with CD, while fungal skin infections (p = .017) were more frequently diagnosed in UC patients. Severity of IBD correlated with higher prevalence of perianal fistula (p = .003), perianal abscess (p = .041), psoriasis (p < .001), and pyoderma gangrenosum (PG, p = .003).ConclusionsBoth IBD‐specific and IBD‐nonspecific dermatologic conditions are very prevalent in childhood IBD, the most common being infectious. Children with CD are more likely to experience angular cheilitis, KP, and perianal skin findings than those with UC. Perianal disease, psoriasis, and PG are associated with more severe IBD.
Thyroid hormone may predict treatment failure in Kawasaki disease
Authors: Hashida Yuichiro , Mino Yoichi , Okuno Keisuke , Uemasu Hitoshi , Sakata Shinji , Fujimoto Masanobu , Namba Noriyuki 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundIn systemic inflammatory conditions, inflammatory cytokines can cause low thyroid hormone levels. There are no reports discussing the relation between thyroid hormone levels and response to treatment for Kawasaki disease.MethodsWe investigated 67 patients who underwent treatment in the acute phase of Kawasaki disease. We divided patients into two groups based on their response to initial intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) treatment: the responder group (n = 40), and the non‐responder group (n = 27). The serum levels of the thyroid hormones free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4), and thyroid‐stimulating hormone (TSH) were compared before and after treatment in all patients, and between responder and non‐responder groups.ResultsThe FT3, FT4, and TSH levels were low before the initial treatment and increased significantly after treatment (p < 0.05). The FT3, FT4, and TSH levels before treatment were significantly lower in the non‐responder group than in the responder group (p < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis suggested that the addition of pre‐treatment FT4 values to Gunma score was useful in predicting treatment failure.ConclusionsThyroid hormone and TSH levels were lower in the non‐responder group than in the responder group in the initial IVIG treatment for Kawasaki disease. This study suggests that Kawasaki disease in the acute phase is associated with low thyroid hormone levels and TSH. It is possible that these hormone levels predict response to the initial IVIG.
Shyness, social engagement, and conversational response times in children's dyadic interactions with an unfamiliar peer
Authors: Wilson McLennon , Powell Adrienne Richter , Hernandez Linda Sosa , Green Emma , Labahn Claudia , Henderson Heather 
Published: February 2024

AbstractTo be a desirable social partner and develop healthy relationships with peers, a child must be able to engage with peers across a variety of contexts. Understanding the factors supporting high levels of social engagement with peers is thereby essential, requiring the development of nuanced and ecologically valid indices of social engagement. Building on recent adult work, the current study explores conversational response time as a novel index of children's social engagement with peers in a dyadic context. This study further explores relationship between conversational response time and children's shyness. Fifty‐six 9‐ to 11‐year‐old children interacted with an unfamiliar peer in an unstructured setting and completed a self‐report measure of shyness. Children's behaviour was coded for their conversational RTs and overall social engagement. Faster conversational RTs were significantly related to children's own social engagement and marginally related to their partners' engagement. Moreover, higher shyness in children's partners predicted faster conversational RTs in children themselves. New directions for using conversational RT as an index of children's social engagement and implications for accounts children's social development are discussed.
Monitoring performance of clinical artificial intelligence: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Andersen Eline Sandvig , Birk-Korch Johan Baden , Röttger Richard , Brasen Claus Lohman , Brandslund Ivan , Madsen Jonna Skov 
Published: February 2024

Objective:
The objective of this scoping review is to describe the scope and nature of research on the monitoring of clinical artificial intelligence (AI) systems. The review will identify the various methodologies used to monitor clinical AI, while also mapping the factors that influence the selection of monitoring approaches.

Introduction:
AI is being used in clinical decision-making at an increasing rate. While much attention has been directed toward the development and validation of AI for clinical applications, the practical implementation aspects, notably the establishment of rational monitoring/quality assurance systems, has received comparatively limited scientific interest. Given the scarcity of evidence and the heterogeneity of methodologies used in this domain, there is a compelling rationale for conducting a scoping review on this subject.

Inclusion criteria:
This scoping review will include any publications that describe systematic, continuous, or repeated initiatives that evaluate or predict clinical performance of AI models with direct implications for the management of patients in any segment of the health care system.

Methods:
Publications will be identified through searches of the MEDLINE (Ovid), Embase (Ovid), and Scopus databases. Additionally, backward and forward citation searches, as well as a thorough investigation of gray literature, will be conducted. Title and abstract screening, full-text evaluation, and data extraction will be performed by 2 or more independent reviewers. Data will be extracted using a tool developed by the authors. The results will be presented graphically and narratively.

Review registration:
Open Science Framework https://osf.io/afkrn
Green's Function for Laminar Flow in Channels With Porous Walls in the Presence of a Transverse Magnetic Field
Authors: Tisdell Christopher C. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Despite the significant and ongoing interest in Green's functions from scientists, engineers, and mathematicians, the area remains underdeveloped with respect to understanding problems from laminar fluid flow and magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) in porous media. The purpose of this paper is to partially address this gap by constructing a new and explicit representation of the Green's function for a boundary value problem that is derived from laminar flow in channels with porous walls in the presence of a transverse magnetic field. We discuss some interesting consequences of our constructed Green's function, including: the establishment of an equivalent integral equation; and the generation of new information regarding solutions to our boundary value problem. We discover that, for any given transverse magnetic field, our laminar flow problem has a unique solution in a particular location provided the Reynolds number is sufficiently small, and that the solution may be approximated by Picard iterations.