bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A community‐based study of depression in older people in Hefei, China—the GMS‐AGECAT prevalence, case validation and socio‐economic correlates
Authors: Chen Ruoling , Hu Zhi , Qin Xia , Xu Xiaochao , Copeland John R. M. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractObjectivePreviously published studies of prevalence of depression in older people in China showed much variation in the results, while the pooled prevalence is low. In this study we used a standardised method, the Geriatric Mental State (GMS) to investigate the prevalence of depression in older people in China, validate the GMS‐AGECAT depression cases and examine the relationship between depression and socio‐economic deprivation.Methods1736 subjects aged ≥65 were recruited from Hefei city, China. They were interviewed at home by a survey team from Anhui Medical Universtiy using the GMS and other interviews. Their mental disorders were diagnosed by the Automated Geriatric Examination for Computer Assisted Taxonomy (AGECAT). Chinese psychiatrists re‐examined depression cases and their controls.Results39 depressed cases were diagnosed by the GMS‐AGECAT. Age‐standardised prevalence was 2.2% (95% CI 1.5–2.9), which was about five‐times lower than that of older people in Liverpool, UK. Agreement on depression diagnoses between the GMS‐AGECAT and local Chinese psychiatrists was 83.6%, with a Kappa of 0.67 (p<0.001). Depression was significantly related to socio‐economic deprivation.ConclusionsThis community‐based study suggested a low prevalence of depression in older people in urban China. Approved training in the use of the GMS‐AGECAT in mainland China should make it possible to carry out a large scale epidemiological study on depression in the Chinese elderly population to investigate its geographic variation and risk factors. The dose‐response relation between socio‐economic deprivation and depression indicates that strategies for tackling inequality in depression in elderly are urgently needed in China. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Memantine enhances autonomy in moderate to severe Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Rive Benoît , Vercelletto Martine , Delamarre Damier Florence , Cochran John , François Clément 
Published: April 2004

AbstractBackgroundAlzheimer's disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia and its course renders patients functionally disabled. Memantine is the first drug to demonstrate a clinical benefit in the treatment of patients with moderately‐severe to severe AD.ObjectivesOur objective was to illustrate the benefits of memantine on functional disability.MethodsWe classified 252 patients from a randomised 28‐week clinical trial of memantine vs placebo according to their Activities of Daily Living capabilities measured by the ADCS‐ADLsev scale. The scale was divided into two sub‐scores: basic and instrumental. The relevance of this classification was validated by comparing clinical and socio‐demographic parameters between the different autonomy classes (autonomous and dependent). The effect of memantine was estimated by using a logistic regression model on the autonomy status of patients at week 28, controlling for confounding factors (Observed Cases analysis).ResultsOur results showed that dependent patients (n = 106) had significantly longer disease duration, poorer cognition, greater severity, more behavioural alterations and higher total societal costs compared with autonomous patients (n = 146). When controlling for autonomy and severity at baseline, memantine‐treated patients were three times more likely [Odds Ratio (OR) = 3.03; 95% Confidence Intervals (CI) = (1.38, 6.66)] to remain autonomous after 28 weeks. Analysis of the Treated Per Protocol set and the use of Last Observation Carried Forward analyses confirmed this finding.ConclusionsMemantine enhances autonomy in patients with moderately‐severe to severe AD by increasing the probability of their remaining autonomous, therefore delaying transition to the dependent stage. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Adverse effects of depression and cognitive impairment on rehabilitation participation and recovery from hip fracture
Authors: Lenze Eric J. , Munin Michael C. , Dew Mary Amanda , Rogers Joan C. , Seligman Karen , Mulsant Benoit H. , Reynolds Charles F. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractObjectivesThis study examines the effects of depression and cognitive impairment in elderly hip fracture patients receiving inpatient rehabilitation. Our goal was to determine whether any association of depression and cognitive impairment with rehabilitation outcome is accounted for by more immediate effects of these variables on rehabilitation participation.MethodsWe measured depression using the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (Ham‐D), cognition using the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), and rehabilitation outcomes using the motor scale of the Functional Independence Measure (motor FIM) in a prospective observational study of 57 elderly rehabilitation hospital patients admitted to a university‐affiliated, freestanding rehabilitation hospital with primary diagnosis of hip fracture. We also assessed rehabilitation participation, to determine whether this accounted for (mediated) any relationship of depression and cognitive impairment with rehabilitation outcome.ResultsBaseline Ham‐D and MMSE scores were correlated with motor FIM efficiency—those with higher depressive symptoms had lower efficiency (r = −0.44, p < 0.001); similarly, those with more cognitive impairment had lower motor FIM efficiency (r = 0.52, p < 0.001). Rehabilitation participation was a mediator of this association: greater depressive symptoms and cognitive impairment predicted poorer rehabilitation participation which, in turn, predicted lower motor FIM efficiency. Ham‐D and MMSE scores were predictors of discharge location: subjects with high depressive symptoms and greater cognitive impairment were more likely to go to a nursing home or personal care home upon discharge.ConclusionsDepression and cognitive impairment are predictive of negative outcomes in elderly patients' rehabilitation from hip fracture. This effect is mediated by rehabilitation participation, and ratings in this area may serve as a potentially useful clinical and research tool for the rehabilitation environment. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Affective disorders in older inpatients
Authors: Wetterling Tilman , Junghanns Klaus 
Published: April 2004

AbstractBackgroundAfter dementia the group of depressive disorders is considered to be the second most common psychiatric disorder in the elderly. There is dispute regarding whether depression in the elderly differs from depression in the younger age groups by a longer duration of inpatient treatment, a more frequent occurrence of delusions, more cognitive impairment or by a more frequent co‐occurrence of physical disease. This study aimed to compare younger with older inpatients with respect to these aspects.MethodsRetrospective chart review of all admissions to the psychiatric department of a General University Hospital (n=9400) and review of the documentation of 15 348 psychiatric consultations in the years 1990–1998. The clinical diagnoses were made according to the ICD‐10 criteria.Results15.5% of the psychiatric inpatients in this period suffered from depressive episodes (ICD‐10 F31.3–31.5,32,33). The proportion of depressive episodes increased with age, making up 5.4% in the age group below 30 years and 37.4% in the age group of 70–79 years. On the basis of the ICD‐10 criteria for the severity of depressive episodes no significant differences could be demonstrated between the younger (< 65 years) and the older inpatients (≥ 65 years). In particular, no higher frequency of psychotic symptoms with increasing age could be found. The length of inpatient treatment did not significantly differ between both age groups. The elder patients showed less suicidal attempts prior to admission and less psychiatric comorbidity, but a significantly higher rate of concurrent physical illness. In 923 inpatients a psychiatrist was consulted by the other medical departments because of a co‐occurrence of physical with affective disorders, making up 8.6% of the total seen by the psychiatric consultation service. Here again, the proportion of depressive episodes increased with age. The pattern of the depressive episodes in these patients did not differ from that seen in the psychiatric inpatients.LimitationsOnly clinical diagnoses made by experienced psychiatrists were evaluated.ConclusionsAccording to our results older depressive inpatients differ from younger ones only with regard to concurrent comorbidity but not with respect to the duration of inpatient treatment or the pattern or severity of depressive symptoms. They more frequently suffered from physical illness but less often showed concurrent psychiatric comorbidity. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Functional connectivity as revealed by spatial independent component analysis of fMRI measurements during rest
Authors: van de Ven Vincent G. , Formisano Elia , Prvulovic David , Roeder Christian H. , Linden David E.J. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractCortical functional connectivity, as indicated by the concurrent spontaneous activity of spatially segregated regions, is being studied increasingly because it may determine the reaction of the brain to external stimuli and task requirements and it is reportedly altered in many neurological and psychiatric disorders. In functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), such functional connectivity is investigated commonly by correlating the time course of a chosen “seed voxel” with the remaining voxel time courses in a voxel‐by‐voxel manner. This approach is biased by the actual choice of the seed voxel, however, because it only shows functional connectivity for the chosen brain region while ignoring other potentially interesting patterns of coactivation. We used spatial independent component analysis (sICA) to assess cortical functional connectivity maps from resting state data. SICA does not depend on any chosen temporal profile of local brain activity. We hypothesized that sICA would be able to find functionally connected brain regions within sensory and motor regions in the absence of task‐related brain activity. We also investigated functional connectivity patterns of several parietal regions including the superior parietal cortex and the posterior cingulate gyrus. The components of interest were selected in an automated fashion using predefined anatomical volumes of interest. SICA yielded connectivity maps of bilateral auditory, motor and visual cortices. Moreover, it showed that prefrontal and parietal areas are also functionally connected within and between hemispheres during the resting state. These connectivity maps showed an extremely high degree of consistency in spatial, temporal, and frequency parameters within and between subjects. These results are discussed in the context of the recent debate on the functional relevance of fluctuations of neural activity in the resting state. Hum. Brain Mapp. 22:165–178, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Protocol for volumetric segmentation of medial temporal structures using high‐resolution 3‐D magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Bonilha Leonardo , Kobayashi Eliane , Cendes Fernando , Min Li Li 
Published: April 2004

AbstractQuantitative analysis of brain structures in normal subjects and in different neurological conditions can be carried out in vivo through magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) volumetric studies. The use of high‐resolution MRI combined with image post‐processing that allows simultaneous multiplanar view may facilitate volumetric segmentation of temporal lobe structures. We define a protocol for volumetric studies of medial temporal lobe structures using high‐resolution MR images and we studied 30 healthy subjects (19 women; mean age, 33 years; age range, 21–55 years). Images underwent field non‐homogeneity correction and linear stereotaxic transformation into a standard space. Structures of interest comprised temporopolar, entorhinal, perirhinal, parahippocampal cortices, hippocampus, and the amygdala. Segmentation was carried out with multiplanar assessment. There was no statistically significant left/right‐sided asymmetry concerning any structure analyzed. Neither gender nor age influenced the volumes obtained. The coefficient of repeatability showed no significant difference of intra‐ and interobserver measurements. Imaging post‐processing and simultaneous multiplanar view of high‐resolution MRI facilitates volumetric assessment of the medial portion of the temporal lobe with strict adherence to anatomic landmarks. This protocol shows no significant inter‐ and intraobserver variations and thus is reliable for longitudinal studies. Hum. Brain Mapp. 22:145–154, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Activation of cerebellar hemispheres in spatial memorization of saccadic eye movements: An fMRI study
Authors: Nitschke Matthias F. , Binkofski Ferdinand , Buccino Giovanni , Posse Stefan , Erdmann Christian , Kömpf Detlef , Seitz Rüdiger J. , Heide Wolfgang 
Published: April 2004

AbstractWhat mechanisms allow us to direct a precise saccade to a remembered target position in space? The cerebellum has been proposed to be involved not only in motor and oculomotor control, but also in perceptual and cognitive functions. We used functional MRI (Echoplanar imaging at 1.5 T) to investigate the role of the cerebellum in the control of externally triggered and internally generated saccadic eye movements of high and low memory impact, in six healthy volunteers. Memory‐guided saccades to remembered locations of 3 targets (triple‐step saccades) in contrast to either central fixation or to visually guided saccades activated the cerebellar hemispheres predominantly within lobuli VI‐crus I. The same areas were activated when an analogous visuospatial working memory task was contrasted to the triple‐step saccades. Visually guided saccades activated the posterior vermis and the triple‐step saccades, contrasted to the working memory task, activated predominantly the posterior vermis and paravermal regions. Our data confirm the primary involvement of the posterior vermis for visually‐triggered saccadic eye movements and present novel evidence for a role of the cerebellar hemispheres in the mnemonic and visuospatial control of memory‐guided saccades. Hum. Brain Mapp. 22:155–164, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Combination of ziprasidone and clozapine in treatment‐resistant schizophrenia
Authors: Zink M. , Mase E. , Dressing H. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractIn cases of treatment‐resistant schizophrenia the combined application of antipsychotic drugs often becomes necessary. Clozapine has been combined successfully with other atypical antipsychotic drugs such as risperidone or amisulpride in the past.We report the difficult treatment of a 28‐year‐old schizophrenic woman. Psychotic symptoms were found resistant to monotherapy with clozapine or ziprasidone. In contrast, combined application led to a marked improvement in both positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia along with a decrease of side effects.The reported combination is a promising option in cases of treatment‐resistant schizophrenia and should be further evaluated in prospective studies. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Maternal sensitivity in interactions with three‐ and 12‐month‐old infants: Stability, structural composition, and developmental consequences
Authors: Lohaus Arnold , Keller Heidi , Ball Juliane , Voelker Susanne , Elben Cornelia 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThis study addresses three topics related to the structural components of maternal sensitivity: (a) The stability of sensitivity over a nine‐month period, (b) the predictability of maternal sensitivity assessed at 12 months from early parameters of parenting and (c) the relation between maternal sensitivity and developmental outcomes assessed at 12 months. Maternal sensitivity and its components (signal perception, correct interpretation, prompt, and appropriate reaction) were evaluated for 60 mother–infant‐dyads when their infants were aged three and 12 months. Additional parameters of early parenting were maternal emotional warmth and behavioural contingency. Developmental outcome measures were the amount of infant crying and the quality of attachment at twelve months. The results showed close correlations between the sensitivity components suggesting a unidimensional structure for maternal sensitivity. The sensitivity assessments were significantly related to measures of maternal warmth. Stability of maternal sensitivity over time was, however, quite low. There was no relation between the early sensitivity assessments and later developmental outcomes, whereas there was a significant relation between the sensitivity parameters assessed at twelve months and developmental outcomes. The results indicate changes in the meaning of maternal sensitivity during infants' development. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Does well‐being contribute to performance? Emotional security, teacher support and learning behaviour in kindergarten
Authors: Koomen Helma M.Y. , van Leeuwen Mirella G.P. , van der Leij Aryan 
Published: April 2004

AbstractIn this study, we examined relations between kindergartner's emotional security, task involvement and achievement and teacher's supportive presence in a cognitive training setting, in which the familiarity of the teacher was varied. Participants were 48 kindergarten children (mean age=51.65 months); 16 children were trained by their regular teacher (experimental group 1), 16 by a less familiar teacher (experimental group 2) and 16 received no training (control group). In three training sessions, children worked in pairs on a new categorization and recall task. Trained observers rated children's emotional insecurity and task involvement and teacher's supportive presence. Furthermore, spontaneous recall during the training was assessed. In addition, categorization and spontaneous recall was measured in various test sessions. Children's emotional insecurity during training negatively affected involvement. Involvement on its turn positively influenced spontaneous recall during training. In addition, emotional insecurity had a direct negative effect on spontaneous recall in a test situation. No effect of familiarity or supportive presence of the teacher on emotional security was found. Training conditions did not affect test performances. Findings suggest that children's involvement is important for learning and that experiences of emotional insecurity may negatively affect task involvement, test performance and eventually school achievement. Teachers in general seem capable of providing children with some sense of security. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characterization of salvicine‐resistant lung adenocarcinoma A549/SAL cell line
Authors: Miao Ze‐Hong , Tong Lin‐Jiang , Zhang Jin‐Sheng , Han Jia‐Xian , Ding Jian 
Published: April 2004

AbstractSalvicine is a diterpenoid quinone derived from a traditional Chinese medication that has been shown to possess potent in vitro and in vivo antitumor effects. This compound, which inhibits the activity of Topoisomerase II, was found to equipotently kill various multidrug‐resistant tumor cells and their corresponding parental counterparts in vitro and to inhibit mdr1/P‐gp expression in multidrug‐resistant K562/A02 cells. To examine the features of tumor resistance to salvicine, we established a salvicine‐resistant tumor cell subline of A549 lung adenocarcinoma cells. Compared with parental cells, A549/SAL cells displayed 8.91‐fold resistance to salvicine and an average of 6.70‐fold resistance to the antimetabolites. A549/SAL cells, however, were not resistant to alkylating agents, platinum compounds and other naturally‐derived antineoplastics. RT‐PCR analysis showed that the expression of mRNAs from the mdr‐1, MRP, PCNA, topoisomerase II α and β, GSTπ, p21 and GADD45 genes was not altered in the salvicine‐resistant subline. In contrast, expression of p53 and bax mRNA was significantly lower, and expression of mdm2 mRNA was significantly higher, in A549/SAL cells compared to A549 cells. A549/SAL cells grew more slowly, and in a more scattered pattern, than A549 cells. In addition, the A549/SAL cells showed enhanced ability to migrate and invade in comparison to the parental cells. These results indicate that exposure to salvicine does not induce a tumor multidrug‐resistant phenotype. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Inhibitory effects of evodiamine on the growth of human prostate cancer cell line LNCaP
Authors: Kan Shu‐Fen , Huang William J. , Lin Lie‐Chwen , Wang Paulus S. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractEvodiamine, isolated from a Chinese herbal drug named Wu‐Chu‐Yu, possesses many biological functions. Recently, it has been reported that Wu‐Chu‐Yu exerts an antiproliferative effect on several cancers. Prostate carcinoma initially occurs as an androgen‐dependent tumor and is the second leading cause of cancer death in American males. In the present study, the effect of evodiamine on the growth of androgen‐dependent prostate cancer cell line LNCaP in vitro was examined. Based on [3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yle)2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide] (MTT) assay, evodiamine significantly inhibited the growth of LNCaP cells in a concentration‐dependent manner. A significant and concentration‐dependent inhibitory effect of evodiamine on LNCaP cell growth was observed at 24 hr and persisted for 96 hr. The examination of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay showed that the cytotoxic effects of evodiamine on LNCaP cells were concentration dependent. Furthermore, we examined the influences of evodiamine on cell death and cell cycle. The flow cytometric analysis of evodiamine‐treated cells indicated a block of G2/M phase and an elevated level of DNA fragmentation. The G2/M arrest reached a maximum at 24 hr after evodiamine treatment. The G2/M arrest was accompanied by an elevated p34cdc2 kinase activity and an increase in the protein expression of cyclin B1 and phosphorylated form of p34cdc2 (Thr 161). Examination of TUNEL showed that evodiamine‐induced apoptosis was observed at 24 hr and extended for 72 hr. Evodiamine elevated caspase‐3, and caspase‐9 activities and the processing of caspase‐3 and caspase‐9. These results suggested that evodiamine inhibits the growth of prostate cancer cell line, LNCaP, through an accumulation of cell cycle at G2/M phase and an induction of apoptosis. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
MRP1 and glucosylceramide are coordinately over expressed and enriched in rafts during multidrug resistance acquisition in colon cancer cells
Authors: Klappe Karin , Hinrichs John W.J. , Kroesen Bart‐Jan , Sietsma Hannie , Kok Jan Willem 
Published: April 2004

AbstractPreviously we have described a novel multidrug‐resistant cell line, HT29col, which displayed over expression of the multidrug‐resistance protein 1 (MRP1) and an altered sphingolipid composition, including enhanced levels of glucosylceramide (GlcCer; Kok JW, Veldman RJ, Klappe K, Koning H, Filipeanu C, Muller M. Int J Cancer 2000;87:172–8). In our study, long‐term screening revealed that, during colchicine‐induced acquisition of multidrug resistance in a new HT29col cell line, increases in GlcCer occurred concomitantly with upregulation of MRP1 expression. Both MRP1 and GlcCer were found enriched in Lubrol‐insoluble membrane domains. The expression of MRP1 and GlcCer were tightly correlated, as indicated also by a reversal of both at the later stage of colchicine consolidation. Resistance to colchicine was determined by MRP1, while glucosylceramide synthase (GCS) did not contribute: 1) Resistance was fully inhibited by MK571. 2) GCS expression and activity were not upregulated in HT29col cells. 3) Inhibition of GCS did not affect MRP1‐mediated efflux function or sensitivity to colchicine. Instead, overall sphingolipid metabolism was upregulated through an increased rate of ceramide biosynthesis. In conclusion, upregulation of MRP1 occurs in concert with upregulation of GlcCer during multidrug‐resistance acquisition, and both are enriched in rafts. The increased GlcCer pool does not directly modulate MRP1 function and cell survival. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.