bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prediction of non emergent acute care utilization and cost among patients receiving Medicaid
Authors: Patel Sadiq Y. , Baum Aaron , Basu Sanjay 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPatients receiving Medicaid often experience social risk factors for poor health and limited access to primary care, leading to high utilization of emergency departments and hospitals (acute care) for non-emergent conditions. As programs proactively outreach Medicaid patients to offer primary care, they rely on risk models historically limited by poor-quality data. Following initiatives to improve data quality and collect data on social risk, we tested alternative widely-debated strategies to improve Medicaid risk models. Among a sample of 10 million patients receiving Medicaid from 26 states and Washington DC, the best-performing model tripled the probability of prospectively identifying at-risk patients versus a standard model (sensitivity 11.3% [95% CI 10.5, 12.1%] vs 3.4% [95% CI 3.0, 4.0%]), without increasing “false positives” that reduce efficiency of outreach (specificity 99.8% [95% CI 99.6, 99.9%] vs 99.5% [95% CI 99.4, 99.7%]), and with a ~ tenfold improved coefficient of determination when predicting costs (R2: 0.195–0.412 among population subgroups vs 0.022–0.050). Our best-performing model also reversed the lower sensitivity of risk prediction for Black versus White patients, a bias present in the standard cost-based model. Our results demonstrate a modeling approach to substantially improve risk prediction performance and equity for patients receiving Medicaid.
Study on the propagation characteristics of methane-air explosion under the promotion of crushed gangue
Authors: Liu Zhenqi , Zhong Qiu , Lu Yansen 
Published: January 2024

AbstractMethane-air explosion is one of the major disasters in industrial process. The explosion strength could be influenced by the crushed coal gangue, which is widely distributed in coal mine gob and roadway. To understand the influence of the coal gangue on gas explosion, an experimental system with a 0.2 × 0.2 × 3.0 m3 pipeline was designed and explosion experiments of coal gangue with 5 blockage length-diameter ratios (ratio of axial blockage length to pipeline equivalent diameter) were carried out. The results show that coal gangue can cause significant disturbances to the flame front, resulting in a violent acceleration of the explosion flame. The overpressure ratio presents a negative exponential function distribution with the blockage length-diameter ratio. The influence range increases with the blockage length-diameter ratio under the condition of rich fuel, and reaches the maximum when equivalent ratio is 1.237. The explosion intensity is more sensitive to the blockage length-diameter ratio for the equivalent ratio equals 1.0 and 1.237. The formation of high-intensity explosion should be avoided by controlling the accumulation state of the overlying rock in coal mining.
Bilingual disadvantages are systematically compensated by bilingual advantages across tasks and populations
Authors: Dentella Vittoria , Masullo Camilla , Leivada Evelina 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBilingualism is linked to both enhanced and hampered performance in various cognitive measures, yet the extent to which these bilingual advantages and disadvantages co-occur is unclear. To address this gap, we perform a systematic review and two quantitative analyses. First, we analyze results from 39 studies, obtained through the PRISMA method. Less than 50% of the studies that show up as results for the term “bilingual disadvantage” report exclusively a disadvantage, that shows bilinguals performing worse than monolinguals in a task. A Bayesian analysis reveals robust evidence for bilingual effects, but no evidence for differences in the proportion of advantages and disadvantages, suggesting that when results from different cognitive domains such as executive functions and verbal fluency are analyzed together, bilingual effects amount to a zero-sum game. This finding was replicated by repeating the analysis, using the datasets of two recent meta-analyses. We propose that the equilibrium we observe between positive and negative outcomes may not be accidental. Contrary to widespread belief, advantageous and disadvantageous effects are not stand-alone outcomes in free variation. We reframe them as the connatural components of a dynamic trade-off, whereby enhanced performance in one cognitive measure is offset by an incurred cost in another domain.
Temporal patterns of bacterial communities in the Billings Reservoir system
Authors: Marcondes Marta Angela , Pessôa Rodrigo , José da Silva Duarte Alberto , Clissa Patricia Bianca , Sanabani Sabri Saeed 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn this study, high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA amplicons and predictive PICRUSt functional profiles were used to perform a comprehensive analysis of the temporal bacterial distribution and metabolic functions of 19 bimonthly samples collected from July 2019 to January 2020 in the surface water of Billings Reservoir, São Paulo. The results revealed that most of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequences belonged to Cyanobacteria and Proteobacteria, which accounted for more than 58% of the total bacterial abundance. Species richness and evenness indices were highest in surface water from summer samples (January 2020), followed by winter (July 2019) and spring samples (September and November 2019). Results also showed that the highest concentrations of sulfate (SO4–2), phosphate (P), ammonia (NH3), and nitrate (NO3-) were detected in November 2019 and January 2020 compared with samples collected in July and September 2019 (P < 0.05). Principal component analysis suggests that physicochemical factors such as pH, DO, temperature, and NH3 are the most important environmental factors influencing spatial and temporal variations in the community structure of bacterioplankton. At the genus level, 18.3% and 9.9% of OTUs in the July and September 2019 samples, respectively, were assigned to Planktothrix, while 14.4% and 20% of OTUs in the November 2019 and January 2020 samples, respectively, were assigned to Microcystis. In addition, PICRUSt metabolic analysis revealed increasing enrichment of genes in surface water associated with multiple metabolic processes rather than a single regulatory mechanism. This is the first study to examine the temporal dynamics of bacterioplankton and its function in Billings Reservoir during the winter, spring, and summer seasons. The study provides comprehensive reference information on the effects of an artificial habitat on the bacterioplankton community that can be used to interpret the results of studies to evaluate and set appropriate treatment targets.
Study on safe crossing in the dry season and an anti-floating drainage scheme in the wet season: a case study in Guiyang, Southwest China
Authors: Ren Fangzhou , Liu Ning , Zhang Cong 
Published: January 2024

AbstractKarst formations in Southwest China are significantly developed. With the increase in tunnel construction year by year, constructing tunnels in areas of karst geology is inevitable. There are great safety risks associated with exposed karst caves, and the water inside the caves can seriously impact the tunnel structure and its filling materials. Traditional cave disposal technology mainly focuses on safe crossing treatment at the construction stage; however, problems such as backfill collapse and floor floating caused by karst water erosion during the service period are not considered. Therefore, proposals for a new construction scheme to ensure the stability and safety of the tunnel during the service period are urgently needed. Using Huangchongyan Tunnel as an example, we propose a safe crossing scheme of ‘plate–pile–bedrock’ for karst caves, based on a comparison of karst cave treatment schemes at home and abroad. In addition, considering the impact of karst water on the tunnel, we developed a ‘bottom to top’ reverse drainage structure, which solved the problem of floating during tunnel service. In our study, we developed a full life cycle disposal scheme to enable safe passage through tunnels in karst caves, providing a reference for the design and construction of similar projects.
Variovorax sp. strain P1R9 applied individually or as part of bacterial consortia enhances wheat germination under salt stress conditions
Authors: Acuña Jacquelinne J. , Rilling Joaquin I. , Inostroza Nitza G. , Zhang Qian , Wick Lukas Y. , Sessitsch Angela , Jorquera Milko A. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractEndophytes isolated from extremophile plants are interesting microbes for improving the stress tolerance of agricultural plants. Here, we isolated and characterized endophytic bacteria showing plant growth-promoting (PGP) traits from plants in two extreme Chilean biomes (Atacama Desert and Chilean Patagonia). Forty-two isolates were characterized as both halotolerant auxin producers (2–51 mg L−1) and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC)-degrading bacteria (15–28 µmol αKB mg protein−1 h−1). The most efficient isolates were tested as single strains, in dual and triple consortia, or in combination with previously reported PGP rhizobacteria (Klebsiella sp. 27IJA and 8LJA) for their impact on the germination of salt-exposed (0.15 M and 0.25 M NaCl) wheat seeds. Interestingly, strain P1R9, identified as Variovorax sp., enhanced wheat germination under salt stress conditions when applied individually or as part of bacterial consortia. Under salt stress, plants inoculated with dual consortia containing the strain Variovorax sp. P1R9 showed higher biomass (41%) and reduced lipid peroxidation (33–56%) than uninoculated plants. Although the underlying mechanisms remain elusive, our data suggest that the application of Variovorax sp. P1R9, alone or as a member of PGP consortia, may improve the salt stress tolerance of wheat plants.
Accurate measurement of the bond stress between rebar and concrete in reinforced concrete using FBG sensing technology
Authors: Ahmed Murshalin , Matsumoto Yukihiro , Yoon Rokhyun , Takahashi Susumu , Sanada Yasushi 
Published: January 2024

AbstractRecent earthquakes in several developing countries have shown that reinforced concrete (RC) buildings with improper structural detailing experience severe damage under seismic motions. Using low-quality construction materials such as brick aggregates, resulting in low-strength concrete, significantly impacts the bond between rebar and concrete. Accurate evaluation of the bond performance of such low-strength concrete is one of the key issues for seismic safety assessment of RC buildings, especially in Bangladesh; thus, the bond performance is usually evaluated through laboratory tests. However, conventional measurements of bond stress based on rebar strains measured by electrical resistance strain gauges are likely to negatively impact the bond behavior/performance because of the reduced total contact area between rebar and concrete as well as the changing rebar surface boundary conditions. Under the above social and academic backgrounds, in this study, a new measurement technique that applies fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors embedded in optical fiber to rebar strain measurements is developed, and its effectiveness is investigated to realize more accurate measurements of the bond stress between rebar and concrete. Two 70% scaled RC beam-column joint specimens in which the beam rebar was anchored in a straight manner were constructed with identical detailing, except for the beam rebar strain measuring methods. The specimens were then subjected to cyclic lateral loading until failure. By comparing the experimental data acquired by the above two different devices (the FBG sensors and conventional strain gauges), it was found that the experimental bond strength on the beam rebar based on the strain data measured by the FBG sensors was much higher than that from the data measured using conventional strain gauges. Which negatively impacted the test data on the beam-column joint’s capacity in the specimen applied the conventional measuring method, indicating the necessity of the presented method not only for accurate evaluation of the bond stress between rebar and concrete but also for seismic safety assessments of RC buildings.
Heterogeneity in response to treatment across tinnitus phenotypes
Authors: Niemann Uli , Boecking Benjamin , Brueggemann Petra , Spiliopoulou Myra , Mazurek Birgit 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe clinical heterogeneity of chronic tinnitus poses major challenges to patient management and prompts the identification of distinct patient subgroups (or phenotypes) that respond more predictable to a particular treatment. We model heterogeneity in treatment response among phenotypes of tinnitus patients concerning their change in self-reported health burden, psychological characteristics, and tinnitus characteristics. Before and after a 7-day multimodal treatment, 989 tinnitus patients completed 14 assessment questionnaires, from which 64 variables measured general tinnitus characteristics, quality of life, pain experiences, somatic expressions, affective symptoms, tinnitus-related distress, internal resources, and perceived stress. Our approach encompasses mechanisms for patient phenotyping, visualizations of the phenotypes and their change with treatment in a projected space, and the extraction of patient subgroups based on their change with treatment. On average, all four distinct phenotypes identified at the pre-intervention baseline showed improved values for nearly all the considered variables following the intervention. However, a considerable intra-phenotype heterogeneity was noted. Five clusters of change reflected variations in the observed improvements among individuals. These patterns of treatment effects were identified to be associated with baseline phenotypes. Our exploratory approach establishes a groundwork for future studies incorporating control groups to pinpoint patient subgroups that are more likely to benefit from specific treatments. This strategy not only has the potential to advance personalized medicine but can also be extended to a broader spectrum of patients with various chronic conditions.
Impact of a deep learning sepsis prediction model on quality of care and survival
Authors: Boussina Aaron , Shashikumar Supreeth P. , Malhotra Atul , Owens Robert L. , El-Kareh Robert , Longhurst Christopher A. , Quintero Kimberly , Donahue Allison , Chan Theodore C. , Nemati Shamim , Wardi Gabriel 
Published: January 2024

AbstractSepsis remains a major cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Algorithms that assist with the early recognition of sepsis may improve outcomes, but relatively few studies have examined their impact on real-world patient outcomes. Our objective was to assess the impact of a deep-learning model (COMPOSER) for the early prediction of sepsis on patient outcomes. We completed a before-and-after quasi-experimental study at two distinct Emergency Departments (EDs) within the UC San Diego Health System. We included 6217 adult septic patients from 1/1/2021 through 4/30/2023. The exposure tested was a nurse-facing Best Practice Advisory (BPA) triggered by COMPOSER. In-hospital mortality, sepsis bundle compliance, 72-h change in sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score following sepsis onset, ICU-free days, and the number of ICU encounters were evaluated in the pre-intervention period (705 days) and the post-intervention period (145 days). The causal impact analysis was performed using a Bayesian structural time-series approach with confounder adjustments to assess the significance of the exposure at the 95% confidence level. The deployment of COMPOSER was significantly associated with a 1.9% absolute reduction (17% relative decrease) in in-hospital sepsis mortality (95% CI, 0.3%–3.5%), a 5.0% absolute increase (10% relative increase) in sepsis bundle compliance (95% CI, 2.4%–8.0%), and a 4% (95% CI, 1.1%–7.1%) reduction in 72-h SOFA change after sepsis onset in causal inference analysis. This study suggests that the deployment of COMPOSER for early prediction of sepsis was associated with a significant reduction in mortality and a significant increase in sepsis bundle compliance.
Diagnostic reasoning prompts reveal the potential for large language model interpretability in medicine
Authors: Savage Thomas , Nayak Ashwin , Gallo Robert , Rangan Ekanath , Chen Jonathan H. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractOne of the major barriers to using large language models (LLMs) in medicine is the perception they use uninterpretable methods to make clinical decisions that are inherently different from the cognitive processes of clinicians. In this manuscript we develop diagnostic reasoning prompts to study whether LLMs can imitate clinical reasoning while accurately forming a diagnosis. We find that GPT-4 can be prompted to mimic the common clinical reasoning processes of clinicians without sacrificing diagnostic accuracy. This is significant because an LLM that can imitate clinical reasoning to provide an interpretable rationale offers physicians a means to evaluate whether an LLMs response is likely correct and can be trusted for patient care. Prompting methods that use diagnostic reasoning have the potential to mitigate the “black box” limitations of LLMs, bringing them one step closer to safe and effective use in medicine.
Modular subgraphs in large-scale connectomes underpin spontaneous co-fluctuation events in mouse and human brains
Authors: Ragone Elisabeth , Tanner Jacob , Jo Youngheun , Zamani Esfahlani Farnaz , Faskowitz Joshua , Pope Maria , Coletta Ludovico , Gozzi Alessandro , Betzel Richard 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPrevious studies have adopted an edge-centric framework to study fine-scale network dynamics in human fMRI. To date, however, no studies have applied this framework to data collected from model organisms. Here, we analyze structural and functional imaging data from lightly anesthetized mice through an edge-centric lens. We find evidence of “bursty” dynamics and events - brief periods of high-amplitude network connectivity. Further, we show that on a per-frame basis events best explain static FC and can be divided into a series of hierarchically-related clusters. The co-fluctuation patterns associated with each cluster centroid link distinct anatomical areas and largely adhere to the boundaries of algorithmically detected functional brain systems. We then investigate the anatomical connectivity undergirding high-amplitude co-fluctuation patterns. We find that events induce modular bipartitions of the anatomical network of inter-areal axonal projections. Finally, we replicate these same findings in a human imaging dataset. In summary, this report recapitulates in a model organism many of the same phenomena observed in previously edge-centric analyses of human imaging data. However, unlike human subjects, the murine nervous system is amenable to invasive experimental perturbations. Thus, this study sets the stage for future investigation into the causal origins of fine-scale brain dynamics and high-amplitude co-fluctuations. Moreover, the cross-species consistency of the reported findings enhances the likelihood of future translation.
Warmer Antarctic summers in recent decades linked to earlier stratospheric final warming occurrences
Authors: Choi Hyesun , Kwon Hataek , Kim Seong-Joong , Kim Baek-Min 
Published: January 2024

AbstractSince the 2000s, the pause of the strong Antarctic cooling and later stratospheric final warming onset trends has been identified. Here we employ composite and congruence analysis using reanalysis and in-situ data to propose a linkage between pivotal changes in the surface temperature trends and the timing of stratospheric final warming events. In early stratospheric final warming events, the positive polar cap height anomaly developed in the stratosphere in early October, descending to the troposphere and surface in late spring and summer, resulting in high-pressure anomalies, which led to warmer surfaces in most of Antarctica. In late stratospheric final warming occurrences, opposing or weaker behaviors were observed. The trend toward earlier stratospheric final warming appears to play a considerable role in warmer summers over parts of interior Antarctica through the strengthening of the anti-cyclonic surface pressure anomaly. This could influence the regional sea-ice modulation over the Southern Ocean.
Discourse Task Type–Specific Linguistic Characteristics in Anomic Aphasia and Healthy Controls: Evidence From Mandarin–Chinese AphasiaBank
Authors: Deng Bao-Mei , Gao Jing , Liang Li-Si , Zhao Jia-Xin , Lin Feng , Yin Ming-Yu , Zheng Hai-Qing , Hu Xi-Quan 
Published: January 2024

Purpose:
This study was designed to examine the hypothesis that discourse task types influence language performance in Mandarin Chinese–speaking people and to reveal the discourse task-specific linguistic properties of persons with anomic aphasia compared to neurotypical controls.

Method:

Language samples from persons with aphasia (
n
= 31) and age- and education-matched controls (
n
= 31) across four discourse tasks (sequential-picture description, single-picture description, story narrative, and procedural discourse) were collected from Mandarin AphasiaBank. Task-specific distributions of parts of speech were analyzed using mosaic plots. The main effects of tasks in each group and the between-group differences within each task for several typical linguistic variables were evaluated, including the mean length of utterance, tokens, moving-average type-token ratio, words per minute, propositional density, noun–verb ratio, noun percentage, and verb percentage.

Results:
The results revealed an impact of discourse tasks on most language variables in both groups. In the healthy controls, story narratives yielded the highest total words and lowest verb percentage. In the aphasia group, procedural discourse elicited the fewest total words and densest expressions, whereas their single-picture descriptions had the highest noun–verb ratio. For all tasks, the aphasia group performed worse than the control group in the mean length of utterance, tokens, moving-average type-token ratio, and words per minute. For noun–verb ratio, noun percentage, and verb percentage, only one task (i.e., single-picture description) showed significant between-group differences.

Conclusion:
The selection of discourse tasks should be addressed in assessments and interventions for Mandarin Chinese–speaking individuals with aphasia to obtain more accurate and feasible outcomes.
Exploring phase formation and magnetic transitions in Sm(Fe1−xMnx)14B by Mössbauer spectroscopy
Authors: Yang Shengyu , Xue Jijun , Zhang Bo , Wu Peng , Dong Yiwen , Li Zhiwei , Li Fashen , Qiao Liang 
Published: January 2024

The Sm2(Fe1−xMnx)14B (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.3) rare earth alloy was prepared by a reduction-diffusion method, and a corresponding reduction-diffusion model was established. The crystal structure, microscopic morphology, and magnetic properties were systematically characterized to investigate the effect of Mn doping. The results show that the diffusion of Sm into FeB proceeded with the formation of the Sm2Fe14B phase from the very beginning of the reaction. Sm2(Fe1−xMnx)14B alloy undergoes a transition from the ferromagnetic phase (x = 0) to the paramagnetic phase (x = 0.2), and the average magnetic moment of Fe decreases from 2.066 to 0.719 µB as observed by 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy. In addition, the Curie temperature decreases rapidly from 620 to 230 K. In other words, a wide temperature-regulation of TC can be achieved by adjusting the Mn content, which is attributed to the fact that Mn doping greatly weakens the atomic exchange interactions. These results provide value for potential applications of Re–Fe-based alloys in room temperature magnetic refrigeration.