bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of metabolic health and obesity with coronary heart disease in adult cancer survivors
Authors: Kim Kyuwoong , Di Giovanna Edvige , Jung Hyeyun , Bethineedi Lakshimi Deepak , Jun Tae Joon , Kim Young‐Hak 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe metabolically healthy obese (MHO) phenotype is associated with an increased risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) in the general population. However, association of metabolic health and obesity phenotypes with CHD risk in adult cancer survivors remains unclear. We aimed to investigate the associations between different metabolic health and obesity phenotypes with incident CHD in adult cancer survivors.MethodsWe used National Health Insurance Service (NHIS) to identify a cohort of 173,951 adult cancer survivors aged more than 20 years free of cardiovascular complications. Metabolically healthy nonobese (MHN), MHO, metabolically unhealthy nonobese (MUN), metabolically unhealthy obese (MUO) phenotypes were created using as at least three out of five metabolic health criteria along with obesity (body mass index ≥ 25.0 kg/m2). We used Cox proportional hazards model to assess CHD risk in each metabolic health and obesity phenotypes.ResultsDuring 1,376,050 person‐years of follow‐up, adult cancer survivors with MHO phenotype had a significantly higher risk of CHD (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.52; 95% confidence intervals [CI]: 1.41 to 1.65) as compared to those without obesity and metabolic abnormalities. MUN (HR = 1.81; 95% CI: 1.59 to 2.06) and MUO (HR = 1.92; 95% CI: 1.72 to 2.15) phenotypes were also associated with an increased risk of CHD among adult cancer survivors.ConclusionsAdult cancer survivors with MHO phenotype had a higher risk of CHD than those who are MHN. Metabolic health status and obesity were jointly associated with CHD risk in adult cancer survivors.
High prevalence of impaired glucose metabolism among children and adolescents living with HIV in Ghana
Authors: Ayanful‐Torgby Ruth , Shabanova Veronika , Essuman Akosua A. , Boafo Emmanuel , Aboagye Frank , Al‐Mahroof Yusuf , Amponsah Jones , Tetteh John K. A. , Amoah Linda E. , Paintsil Elijah 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundAntiretroviral therapy (ART)‐associated metabolic abnormalities, including impairment of glucose metabolism, are prevalent in adults living with HIV. However, the prevalence and pathogenesis of impaired glucose metabolism in children and adolescents living with HIV, particularly in sub‐Saharan Africa, are not well characterized. We investigated the prevalence of impaired glucose metabolism among children and adolescents living with perinatally infected HIV in Ghana.MethodsIn this multicentre, cross‐sectional study, we recruited participants from 10 paediatric antiretroviral treatment clinics from January to June 2022 in 10 facilities in Greater Accra and Eastern regions of Ghana. We determined impaired glucose metabolism in the study sample by assessing fasting blood sugar (FBS), insulin resistance as defined by the homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA‐IR) index and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) levels. The prevalence of impaired glucose metabolism using each criterion was stratified by age and sex. The phenotypic correlates of glucose metabolism markers were also assessed among age, sex, body mass index (BMI) and waist‐to‐hip ratio (WHR).ResultsWe analysed data from 393 children and adolescents living with HIV aged 6–18 years. A little over half (205/393 or 52.25%) of the children were female. The mean age of the participants was 11.60 years (SD = 3.50), with 122/393 (31.00%) aged 6–9 years, 207/393 (52.67%) aged 10–15 years, and 62/393 (15.78%) aged 16–18 years. The prevalence rates of glucose impairment in the study population were 15.52% [95% confidence interval (CI): 12.26–19.45], 22.39% (95% CI: 18.54–26.78), and 26.21% (95% CI: 22.10–30.78) using HbA1c, HOMA‐IR, and FBS criteria, respectively. Impaired glucose metabolism detected by FBS and HOMA‐IR was higher in the older age group, whereas the prevalence of abnormal HbA1c levels was highest among the youngest age group. Age and BMI were positively associated with FBS and HOMA‐IR (p < 0.001). However, there was negative correlation of WHR with HOMA‐IR (p < 0.01) and HbA1c (p = 0.01).ConclusionThe high prevalence of impaired glucose metabolism observed among the children and adolescents living with HIV in sub‐Saharan Africa is of concern as this could contribute to the development of metabolic syndrome in adulthood.
Effect of final irrigation protocols with chitosan nanoparticle and genipin on dentine against collagenase degradation: An ex‐vivo study
Authors: Şengül S. N. , Ozturk S. , Ulubayram K. , Pekel Bayramgil N. , Kucukkaya Eren S. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAimEndodontic irrigants may affect the mechanical and chemical properties of dentine. This study evaluated the effects of various final irrigation protocols including the use of chitosan nanoparticle (CSnp) and cross‐linking with genipin on the (1) mechanical and (2) chemical properties of dentine against enzymatic degradation.MethodologyCSnp was synthesized and characterized considering physiochemical parameters and stability. The root canals of 90 single‐rooted teeth were prepared and irrigated with NaOCl. Dentine discs were obtained and divided into groups according to the following irrigation protocols: Group NaOCl+EDTA, Group NaOCl+CSnp, Group NaOCl+EDTA+CSnp, Group NaOCl+CSnp+Genipin, Group NaOCl+EDTA+CSnp+Genipin and Group distilled water. (1) Mechanical changes were determined by microhardness analysis using Vickers‐tester. (2) Chemical changes were determined by evaluating molecular and elemental compositions of dentine using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis and scanning electron microscope (SEM)/energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis, respectively. All analyses were repeated after the discs were kept in collagenase for 24 h. Data were analysed with repeated measures analysis of variance and Bonferroni correction for microhardness analysis, and Kruskal–Wallis and Wilcoxon tests for FTIR and SEM/EDS analyses (p = .05).Results(1) Collagenase application did not have a negative effect on microhardness only in Group NaOCl+EDTA+CSnp+Genipin when compared with the post‐irrigation values (p > .05). Post‐collagenase microhardness of Group NaOCl+EDTA+CSnp and Group NaOCl+CSnp+Genipin was similar to the initial microhardness (p > .05). (2) After collagenase, Amide III/ ratio presented no change in Group NaOCl+EDTA+CSnp, Group NaOCl+CSnp+Genipin and Group NaOCl+EDTA+CSnp+Genipin (p > .05), while decreased in other groups (p < .05). Collagenase did not affect / ratio in the groups (p > .05). There were no changes in the groups in terms of elemental level before and after collagenase application (p > .05).ConclusionsCSnp and genipin positively affected the microhardness and molecular composition of dentine. This effect was more pronounced when CSnp was used after EDTA.
Longitudinal mortality risks and kidney functional outcomes in Japanese living kidney donors
Authors: Hirose Takayuki , Hotta Kiyohiko , Osawa Takahiro , Yokota Isao , Inao Tasuku , Tanabe Tatsu , Iwahara Naoya , Shinohara Nobuo 
Published: January 2024

ObjectivesPrevious studies suggested that living kidney donors do not have a higher risk of death or kidney failure than the general population. However, living kidney donor risk is controversial. Furthermore, only a few studies have evaluated long‐term kidney function after kidney donation.MethodsThis study evaluated Japanese kidney donor' long‐term outcomes, including mortality and kidney function. From 1965 to 2015, 230 donors (76 males, 154 females, and a median age of 54) were enrolled in this study. The median observation period was 11.0 (range, 0.3–41.0) years.ResultsIn total, 215 donors were still alive, and 15 had died. Causes of death included malignancies, cardiovascular disease, pneumonia, suicide, gastrointestinal bleeding, and kidney failure. Actual donor survival rates at 10, 20, and 30 years were 95.3%, 90.7%, and 80.9%, respectively. These values were comparable to age‐ and gender‐matched expected survival. Long‐term kidney function after donation was evaluated in 211 donors with serum creatinine data. Two donors developed kidney failure 24 and 26 years post‐donation, respectively. The percentage of donors whose estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) remained ≥45 mL/min/1.73 m2 at 10, 20, and 30 years after donation were 84.2%, 73.0%, and 63.9%, respectively. Survival rates of donors with eGFR <45 mL/min/1.73 m2 were comparable to those in persons with eGFR >45 mL/min/1.73 m2.ConclusionOur findings revealed that kidney donors did not have a higher long‐term risk of death than the general population. Although some donors showed decreased kidney function after donation, kidney function did not impact their survival.
Surface plasmon resonance effects of Ag@ZnO core–shell nanostructure in UV and visible light for photodiode applications
Authors: Yilmaz Mehmet , Canpolat Nurtac , Aydoğan Sakir 
Published: January 2024

AbstractHerein, Ag@ZnO core–shell nanostructures were prepared via the wet chemical method and were then dissolved in methanol and drop cast onto a p–Si wafer. Experimental current–voltage measurements of the Ag@ZnO/p–Si heterojunction device were investigated under both visible and UV illumination of 365 and 395 nm. The photocurrent, responsivity, detectivity, and on/off ratio were found to be dependent on the light intensity of visible light and wavelength of UV light. The low photocurrent at low light intensities and its rapid increase at high light intensities was attributed to the recombination of electrons and holes and also to the presence of traps at low light intensities. The responsivity and detectivity of the photodiode reach 1.32 A/W and 5.47 × 1011 Jones, respectively at 365 nm. On the contrary, the high performance under UV light was explained by the surface plasmon resonance between Ag and ZnO.
Age effects on autism heritability and etiological stability of autistic traits
Authors: Martini Miriam I. , Butwicka Agnieszka , Du Rietz Ebba , Kanina Aleksandra , Rosenqvist Mina A. , Larsson Henrik , Lichtenstein Paul , Taylor Mark J. 
Published: January 2024

BackgroundAutism and autistic traits onset in childhood but persist into adulthood. Little is known about how genetic and environmental factors influence autism and autistic traits into adulthood. We aimed to determine age effects on the heritability of clinically diagnosed autism and the etiological stability of autistic traits from childhood to adulthood using twin methods.MethodsFrom 23,849 twin pairs in the Swedish Twin Register born between 1959 and 2010, we identified 485 individuals (1.01%, 31.5% female) with a clinical autism diagnosis. We estimated and compared the relative contribution of genetic, shared, and nonshared environmental influences to autism in childhood and adulthood. We further used multivariate twin analysis with four measurement points among 1,348 twin pairs in the longitudinal Twin Study of Child and Adolescent Development to assess the phenotypic and etiological stability of autistic traits – measured with three scales from the Child Behavior Checklist – from childhood to adulthood.ResultsAutism heritability was comparable from childhood, (96% [95% CI, 76–99%]) to adulthood (87% [67–96%]). Autistic traits were moderately stable (phenotypic correlation = 0.35–0.61) from childhood to adulthood, and their heritability varied between 52 and 71%. We observed stable as well as newly emerging genetic influences on autistic traits from ages 8–9 to 19–20, and unique nonshared environmental influences at each age.ConclusionsGenetic factors are important for autism and autistic traits in adulthood and separate genetic studies in adults are warranted.
Convergent photophysiology and prokaryotic assemblage structure in epilithic cyanobacterial tufts and algal turf communities
Authors: Cissell Ethan C. , McCoy Sophie J. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAs global change spurs shifts in benthic community composition on coral reefs globally, a better understanding of the defining taxonomic and functional features that differentiate proliferating benthic taxa is needed to predict functional trajectories of reef degradation better. This is especially critical for algal groups, which feature dramatically on changing reefs. Limited attention has been given to characterizing the features that differentiate tufting epilithic cyanobacterial communities from ubiquitous turf algal assemblages. Here, we integrated an in situ assessment of photosynthetic yield with metabarcoding and shotgun metagenomic sequencing to explore photophysiology and prokaryotic assemblage structure within epilithic tufting benthic cyanobacterial communities and epilithic algal turf communities. Significant differences were not detected in the average quantum yield. However, variability in yield was significantly higher in cyanobacterial tufts. Neither prokaryotic assemblage diversity nor structure significantly differed between these functional groups. The sampled cyanobacterial tufts, predominantly built by Okeania sp., were co‐dominated by members of the Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Bacteroidota, as were turf algal communities. Few detected ASVs were significantly differentially abundant between functional groups and consisted exclusively of taxa belonging to the phyla Proteobacteria and Firmicutes. Assessment of the distribution of recovered cyanobacterial amplicons demonstrated that alongside sample‐specific cyanobacterial diversification, the dominant cyanobacterial members were conserved across tufting cyanobacterial and turf algal communities. Overall, these data suggest a convergence in taxonomic identity and mean photosynthetic potential between tufting epilithic cyanobacterial communities and algal turf communities, with numerous implications for consumer‐resource dynamics on future reefs and trajectories of reef functional ecology.
Serum symmetric dimethylarginine in older dogs: Reference interval and comparison of a gold standard method with the ELISA
Authors: Marynissen Sofie , Junius Greet , Van den Steen Evi , Patteet Lisbeth , Duchateau Luc , Croubels Siska , Daminet Sylvie , Paepe Dominique 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundSerum symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) is used to screen for renal dysfunction in dogs. The gold standard technique for measuring SDMA, liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) is not widely available. Age‐specific reference intervals for SDMA in older dogs are lacking.ObjectivesProspective study in older dogs to validate a commercially available LC‐MS/MS method for SDMA, compare SDMA concentrations with concentrations measured using ELISA and obtain a reference interval (RI) for older dogs using both methods.AnimalsClient‐owned older dogs undergoing health screening.MethodsThe LC‐MS/MS method was analytically validated (limit of detection, precision, and linearity). Serum was sent cooled overnight for ELISA or was frozen at −80°C until batch analysis using LC‐MS/MS. Results of LC‐MS/MS and ELISA were compared and RIs for older dogs were calculated according to international guidelines.ResultsThe LC‐MS/MS method showed good linearity (r2 = .99) and precision (coefficient of variation <10%), with a laboratory RI between 8.0 and 14.0 μg/dL. Paired measurements were available from 118 different dogs. Median SDMA concentration were 9.4 (range, 5.0‐21.2) using LC‐MS/MS and 12.0 (range, 5.0‐22.0) μg/dL using ELISA. Both methods significantly differed with a mean difference of 2.2 μg/dL. The RI for older dogs for LC‐MS/MS was 4.4‐15.0 μg/dL, and for ELISA was 6.4‐17.4 μg/dL.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceThe ELISA provided significantly higher SDMA concentrations compared to the validated LC‐MS/MS method, indicating the need for device‐ or assay‐specific RI. The obtained age‐specific RI for SDMA is considerably higher in older dogs compared to the general laboratory RI.
A retrospective study of the efficacy of zonisamide in controlling seizures in 57 cats
Authors: Djani Dylan M. , Liou Michael , Aravamuthan Srikanth , Lau Vivian , Cameron Starr 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundEvidence‐based recommendations for antiepileptic drug selection in cats beyond phenobarbital are limited, and additional studies are needed for cats where seizures remain inadequately controlled by administration of phenobarbital alone or for cats that cannot safely receive phenobarbital.ObjectiveTo compare seizure frequency in cats before and after oral administration of zonisamide and describe adverse clinical or clinicopathologic effects in this cohort.AnimalsFifty‐seven cats with a history of seizures.MethodsMulticenter, retrospective study. Median number of seizures per month and number of seizure days per month were compared before and after administration of zonisamide in all cats, a subgroup of cats with idiopathic epilepsy (IE), and a subgroup of cats receiving zonisamide as sole therapy. Clinical and clinicopathologic adverse effect data were also reported.ResultsA median decrease of 1 (P = .001, 95% confidence interval (CI) [−1.0, −0.5]) seizure per month, and 1 (P = .003, 95% CI [−1.5, −0.2]) seizure days per month was found across all cats after oral administration of zonisamide. The subgroup with IE showed median decreases of 1 (P = .03, 95% CI [−2.0, −0.5]) and 2 (P = .01, 95% CI [−2.5, −1.0]), respectively. The most common clinical adverse effects were sedation (17%), ataxia (11%), hyporexia (17%), and emesis (5%). One cat developed mild nonregenerative anemia, 2 cats developed mild metabolic acidosis, and 6 cats showed mild increases in ALT and ALP.ConclusionZonisamide was well tolerated and efficacious in controlling seizure activity in most cats.
Spontaneous remission and relapse of diabetes mellitus in a male dog
Authors: Rak Mariola B. , Gilor Chen , Niessen Stijn J. M. , Furrow Eva 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAn 8‐year‐old male neutered Miniature Schnauzer was diagnosed with diabetes mellitus based on fasting hyperglycemia and glucosuria after a 2‐week history of polydipsia and periuria, in line with the Agreeing Language in Veterinary Endocrinology consensus definition. Treatment of insulin and dietary management was initiated. The insulin dose was gradually reduced and eventually discontinued over the next year based on spot blood glucose concentrations that revealed euglycemia or hypoglycemia. After discontinuation, the dog remained free of clinical signs for 1 year until it was again presented for polyuria/polydipsia with fasting hyperglycemia and glucosuria. Insulin therapy was resumed and continued for the remainder of the dog's life. Although diabetic remission often occurs in cats and humans, the presumed etiopathogenesis of pancreatic beta cell loss makes remission rare in dogs, except for cases occurring with diestrus or pregnancy. This case demonstrates that diabetic remission is possible in dogs, even in cases without an identifiable reversible trigger.
Genetic structure, UV‐vision, wing coloration and size coincide with colour polymorphism in Fabriciana adippe butterflies
Authors: Polic Daniela , Yıldırım Yeşerin , Merilaita Sami , Franzén Markus , Forsman Anders 
Published: January 2024

AbstractColour polymorphisms have long served as model systems in evolutionary studies and continue to inform about processes involved in the origin and dynamics of biodiversity. Modern sequencing tools allow for evaluating whether phenotypic differences between morphs reflect genetic differentiation rather than developmental plasticity, and for investigating whether polymorphisms represent intermediate stages of diversification towards speciation. We investigated phenotypic and genetic differentiation between two colour morphs of the butterfly Fabriciana adippe using a combination of ddRAD‐sequencing and comparisons of body size, colour patterns and optical properties of bright wing spots. The silvery‐spotted adippe form had larger and darker wings and reflected UV light, while the yellow cleodoxa form displayed more green scales and reflected very little UV, showcasing that they constitute distinct and alternative integrated phenotypes. Genomic analyses revealed genetic structuring according to source population, and to colour morph, suggesting that the phenotypic differentiation reflects evolutionary modifications. We report 17 outlier loci associated with colour morph, including ultraviolet‐sensitive visual pigment (UVRh1), which is associated with intraspecific communication and mate choice in butterflies. Together with the demonstration that the wings of the adippe (but essentially not the cleodoxa) morph reflect UV light, that UV reflectance is higher in females than males and that morphs differ in wing size, this suggests that these colour morphs might represent genetically integrated phenotypes, possibly adapted to different microhabitats. We propose that non‐random mating might contribute to the differentiation and maintenance of the polymorphism.
Androgen receptor deficiency is associated with reduced aromatase expression in the ventromedial hypothalamus of male cichlids
Authors: Lopez Mariana S. , Alward Beau A. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractSocial behaviors are regulated by sex steroid hormones, such as androgens and estrogens. However, the specific molecular and neural processes modulated by steroid hormones to generate social behaviors remain to be elucidated. We investigated whether some actions of androgen signaling in the control of social behavior may occur through the regulation of estradiol synthesis in the highly social cichlid fish, Astatotilapia burtoni. Specifically, we examined the expression of cyp19a1, a brain‐specific aromatase, in the brains of male A. burtoni lacking a functional ARα gene (ar1), which was recently found to be necessary for aggression in this species. We found that cyp19a1 expression is higher in wild‐type males compared to ar1 mutant males in the anterior tuberal nucleus (ATn), the putative fish homolog of the mammalian ventromedial hypothalamus, a brain region that is critical for aggression across taxa. Using in situ hybridization chain reaction, we determined that cyp19a1+ cells coexpress ar1 throughout the brain, including in the ATn. We speculate that ARα may modulate cyp19a1 expression in the ATn to govern aggression in A. burtoni. These studies provide novel insights into the hormonal mechanisms of social behavior in teleosts and lay a foundation for future functional studies.