bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pitfalls in Cefepime Titration from Human Plasma: Plasma- and Temperature-Related Drug Degradation In Vitro
Authors: Bugnon Denis , Giannoni Eric , Majcherczyk Paul , Glauser Michel P. , Moreillon Philippe 
Published: October 2002

ABSTRACT
While developing a high-pressure liquid chromatography assay for cefepime in plasma, we observed significant drug degradation at 20 and 37°C but not at 4°C. This plasma-related degradation persisted after protein removal. This warrants caution regarding cefepime assays for pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies of cefepime in vitro and in vivo.
Phase 1 trial of the novel bispecific molecule H22xKi-4 in patients with refractory Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Borchmann Peter , Schnell Roland , Fuss Irene , Manzke Oliver , Davis Thomas , Lewis Lionel D. , Behnke Detlev , Wickenhauser Claudia , Schiller Petra , Diehl Volker , Engert Andreas 
Published: October 2002

AbstractCD30 is an excellent target for immunotherapy of Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) because it is overexpressed on Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg cells. We developed a novel bispecific molecule (BSM) consisting of F(ab′) fragments derived from the murine anti-CD30 monoclonal antibody (MoAb) Ki-4 and the humanized CD64-specific MoAb H22. In vitro experiments of H22xKi-4 demonstrated specific phagocytosis of HL-derived cell lines. Patients (pts) with refractory CD30+ HL were treated with escalating doses of H22xKi-4 at doses of 1, 2.5, 5, 10, and 20 mg/m2/d, respectively (administered intravenously on days 1, 3, 5, and 7). The main study objectives were to determine the maximum tolerated dose and the dose-limiting toxicities of H22xKi-4, to define its pharmacokinetic profile, and to document clinical response. Ten pts were enrolled and are evaluable for toxicity and response. Side effects were transient and mild with hypotension (4 of 10), tachycardia (6 of 10), fatigue (10 of 10), and fever (2 of 10 grade I, 3 of 10 grade II). Pharmacokinetic (PK) data revealed an elimination half-life of 11.1 hours, resulting in a significant accumulation of H22xKi-4. The BSM was shown to bind to both monocytes and malignant cells. Response to H22xKi-4 included 1 complete remission (CR), 3 partial remissions (PR), and 4 pts with stable disease. The new BSM H22xKi-4 can be given safely to pts with refractory CD30+ HL in doses up to 80 mg/m2 per cycle. Although this dose is not the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) as defined by toxicity criteria, surrogate parameters suggest a biologic effective regimen. H22xKi-4 shows activity in heavily pretreated HL patients warranting further clinical evaluation.
The Src homology 2 domain–containing inositol 5-phosphatase negatively regulates Fcγ receptor–mediated phagocytosis through immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif–bearing phagocytic receptors
Authors: Nakamura Koji , Malykhin Alexander , Coggeshall K. Mark 
Published: October 2002

AbstractMolecular mechanisms by which the Src homology 2 domain-containing inositol 5-phosphatase (SHIP) negatively regulates phagocytosis in macrophages are unclear. We addressed the issue using bone marrow–derived macrophages from FcγR- or SHIP-deficient mice. Phagocytic activities of macrophages from FcγRII(b)−/− and SHIP−/− mice were enhanced to a similar extent, relative to those from wild type. However, calcium influx was only marginally affected in FcγRII(b)−/−, but greatly enhanced in SHIP−/− macrophages. Furthermore, SHIP was phosphorylated on tyrosine residues upon FcγR aggregation even in macrophages from FcγRII(b)−/− mice or upon clustering of a chimeric receptor containing CD8 and the immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM)–bearing γ-chain or human-restricted FcγRIIa. These findings indicate that, unlike B cells, SHIP is efficiently phosphorylated in the absence of an immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibition motif (ITIM)–bearing receptor. We further demonstrate that SHIP directly bound to phosphorylated peptides derived from FcγRIIa with a high affinity, comparable to that of FcγRII(b). Lastly, FcγRIIa-mediated phagocytosis was significantly enhanced in THP-1 cells overexpressing dominant-negative form of SHIP in the absence of FcγRII(b). These results indicate that SHIP negatively regulates FcγR-mediated phagocytosis through all ITAM-containing IgG receptors using a molecular mechanism distinct from that in B cells.
Interleukin 18 preserves a perforin-dependent graft-versus-leukemia effect after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation
Authors: Reddy Pavan , Teshima Takanori , Hildebrandt Gerhard , Duffner Ulrich , Maeda Yoshinobu , Cooke Kenneth R. , Ferrara James L. M. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractWe have recently shown that early administration of interleukin 18 (IL-18) after bone marrow transplantation (BMT) attenuates acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) in a lethally irradiated parent into F1 (B6→B6D2F1) BMT model. In this study, we investigated whether IL-18 can maintain graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) effect in this context. B6D2F1 mice received transplants of T-cell–depleted (TCD) bone marrow (BM) and splenic T cells from either syngeneic (H2b/d) or allogeneic B6 (H2b) donors. Recipient mice were treated with recombinant murine IL-18 or the control diluent. Initial studies demonstrated that IL-18 treatment did not affect the proliferative responses or the cytolytic effector functions of T cells after BMT. In subsequent experiments, animals also received host-type P815 mastocytoma cells at the time of BMT. All syngeneic BM transplant recipients died from leukemia by day 18. The allogeneic BM transplant recipients effectively rejected their leukemia regardless of treatment and IL-18 significantly reduced GVHD-related mortality. Examination of the cytotoxic mechanisms with perforin-deficient donor T cells demonstrated that perforin is critical for the GVL effect. Taken together these data demonstrate that IL-18 can attenuate acute GVHD without impairing the in vitro cytolytic function or the in vivo GVL activity after allogeneic BMT.
Aggregation of Cobalt(III) Complexes with Single Thiolato or Selenolato Group Assisted by AgI Ion: Crystal Structures of Spontaneously Resolved 1D Coordination Polymers [Ag{Co(aet or aese)(en)2}](NO3)3 (aet = 2-Aminoethanethiolate, aese = 2-Aminoethaneselenolate)
Authors: Konno Takumi , Yoshimura Takashi , Masuyama Gaku , Hirotsu Masakazu 
Published: October 2002

Abstract
The reactions of [Co(aet)(en)2](NO3)2 (aet = 2-aminoethanethiolate) or [Co(aese)(en)2](NO3)2 (aese = 2-amino-ethaneselenolate) with AgNO3 in a 2 : 1 ratio in water gave S- or Se-bridged CoIIIAgICoIII trinuclear complexes: [Ag{Co(aet)(en)2}2](NO3)5 ([1a](NO3)5) and [Ag{Co(aese)(en)2}2](NO3)5 ([1b](NO3)5), while the corresponding 1 : 1 reactions produced S- or Se-bridged (CoIIIAgI)n chain complex-polymers: [Ag{Co(aet)(en)2}](NO3)3 ([2a](NO3)3) and [Ag{Co(aese)(en)2}](NO3)3 ([2b](NO3)3). While the mononuclear [Co(aet or aese)(en)2](NO3)2 and the trinuclear [1a or 1b](NO3)5 were racemates, the polymeric [2a or 2b](NO3)3 crystallized as a conglomerate to give optically active crystals of Δ and Λ isomers. The crystal structures of Λ-[2a](NO3)3·H2O and Λ-[2b](NO3)3·H2O were determined by X-ray crystallography. In Λ-[2a]3+ or Λ-[2b]3+, the S or Se atom in each octahedral Λ-[Co(aet or aese)(en)2]2+ unit is bound to two AgI atoms to form a one-dimensional (CoIIIAgI)n zigzag chain. Each AgI atom in Λ-[2a]3+ or Λ-[2b]3+ is closely contacted with NO3− anions, which stabilizes the chiral chain structure. The crystal structure of [1a]5+ was also determined by X-ray crystallography for its ClO4− salt ([1a](ClO4)5·2H2O), which established that [1a]5+ exists as a racemic compound containing both the ΔΔ and the ΛΛ isomers in the crystal. The optically active S- or Se-bridged complexes, ΛΛ-[1a or 1b]5+ and Λ-[2a or 2b]3+, were obtained by the use of Λ-[Co(aet or aese)(en)2]2+ as the starting complex, indicating that the reactions with Ag+ proceed with retention of the absolute configuration of the CoIII chiral center.
Metallic Ytterbium-Mediated Reductive Dimerization Cyclization of Arylmethylenecyanoacetates
Authors: Su Weike , Yang Bibo 
Published: October 2002

Abstract
The reductive dimerization cyclization of arylmethylenecyanoacetates promoted by metallic ytterbium has been studied. Highly functionalized cyclopentenes were obtained, and the trans, trans-isomers were the major products.
Defects of the external auditory canal: a new reconstruction technique
Authors: Anand V. T. , Latif M. A. , Smith W. P. 
Published: October 2002

This report describes the clinical and radiographic findings together with surgical management of temporomandibular joint contents herniation through the tympanic plate of the external auditory canal. Two patients are reported. A review of the literature is presented, including a brief discussion of the embryological development of the external auditory canal. Excluding infection, trauma or neoplasm, the defect in the tympanic plate of the external auditory canal represents a developmental aberration with failure of the foramen of Huschke to close during development.A pre-auricular approach with insertion and fixation of an onlay polyethylene implant to prevent prolapse of the peri-articular tissues into the ear canal is presented and described.
Aryepiglottoplasty for laryngomalacia: 100 consecutive cases
Authors: Toynton S. C. , Saunders M. W. , Bailey C. M. 
Published: October 2002

A retrospective review of the notes of 100 consecutive patients who had undergone aryepiglottoplasty for laryngomalacia, at Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, was undertaken. Fifty-six were male, 44 female and 47 were under three months of age. Indications for surgery were oxygen desaturation below 92 per cent and feeding difficulties causing failure to thrive. Forty-seven patients had other pathology contributing to their airway compromise or feeding problems. Improvement in stridor after one month was achieved in 86/91 (94.5 per cent) being abolished completely in 50/91 (55 per cent). Of the 25 per cent of patients whose symptoms took more than one week to resolve, 16/22 (63.6 per cent) were later found to have a serious neurological condition. Feeding was improved in 42 of 58 patients (72.4 per cent) who had a pre-operative feeding difficulty. The complication rate was low, with only five out of 86 (10 per cent) experiencing initial worsening of the airway and six per cent having aspiration of early feeds before improvement occurred.Endoscopic aryepiglottoplasty remains the operation of choice for patients with severe laryngomalacia, however, in the presence of neurological disease surgery is less likely to be successful.
Endoscopy in the assessment of children with nasal obstruction
Authors: Kubba Haytham , Bingham Brian J. G. 
Published: October 2002

Nasal obstruction is common in children, and is often attributed to adenoid enlargement. This prospective study was performed to determine whether routine nasal endoscopy is of value for children undergoing surgery for nasal obstruction. Forty-eight children aged two to nine years undergoing adenoidectomy, and six normal controls, were examined under general anaesthesia with a 4 mm rigid endoscope. A video of the endoscopy was subsequently assessed independently by an observer blinded to the original findings and the presence of nasal symptoms.The endoscopist and independent assessor were in agreement regarding 86 per cent of the findings. Three quarters of the children had abnormalities on endoscopy in addition to enlarged adenoids, and in 23 per cent these were potentially of major clinical significance (unsuspected foreign body, gross septal deviation, gross hypertrophy of the turbinates). Endoscopy produced no post-operative complications and was possible in children as young as two years of age, without decongestants.Nasal endoscopy is a safe, objective and useful means of identifying potentially significant abnormalities in children with nasal obstruction.
Sudden onset bilateral sensorineural hearing loss: a manifestation of occult breast carcinoma
Authors: Uppal H. S. , Ayshford C. A. , Wilson F. 
Published: October 2002

Diffuse infiltration of the meninges by metastatic carcinoma (meningeal carcinomastosis) is a potential complication of systemic malignancy. It may present with a variety of neurological symptoms as any aspect of the neuraxis can be affected. Often there is a history of pre-existing malignancy.The authors describe a case with an initial presentation of sudden onset profound bilateral sensorineural hearing loss. The underlying pathology was found to be an occult breast carcinoma, a previously unreported finding.The role of cerebrospinal fluid cytology and radio-imaging in diagnosis is discussed. All previously reported cases of sudden hearing loss and meningeal carcinomatosis are reviewed.
Minimally invasive tongue base surgery for obstructive sleep apnoea
Authors: Terris David J. , Kunda Larisa D. , Gonella Marie C. 
Published: October 2002

Moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnoea is usually associated with multiple levels of pharyngeal airway collapse, including tongue base obstruction. A new technique has recently been introduced that improves the nocturnal retro-lingual airway. This study was a prospective, non-randomized single-institution evaluation of a recently introduced surgical technique. Nineteen consecutive patients with previously untreated moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnoea underwent tongue suspension using the Respose™ system and concomitant palatopharyngoplasty (multilevel pharyngeal surgery). The patient demographics and treatment outcomes were prospectively collected and retrospectively analysed.There were 16 men and three women, with a mean (±SD) age of 44.9 years (±14.2) and a mean pre-operative apnoea-hypopnoea index (AHI) of 42.8 ± 24.8. Twelve of the 19 patients (63.2 per cent) have had post-operative polysomnography; eight of these 12 (67 per cent) met the standard criteria for surgical response. Among these eight patients, the AHI improved from 32.4 to 14.4 (p < 0.01); the individual scores fell by a mean of 51.7 per cent. The apnoea index improved from 7.4 to 0.9 (p < 0.01), with the individual scores falling by a mean of 81.4 per cent. There was anatomic and radiographic evidence of multilevel upper airway enlargement. Notably, the body mass index remained essentially unchanged (31.5 ± 7.2 to 31.2 ± 7.6, p > 0.5). Subjectively, the mean Epworth sleepiness scale score fell from 11.0 ± 5.4 to 5.4 ± 3.8 (p < 0.005). Four patients suffered transient velopharyngeal insufficiency, and two patients complained of limited anterior excursion of the tongue. There were no serious, long-term complications.The tongue suspension procedure represents a minimally invasive technique for improving the nocturnal retro-lingual airway in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea. It is easily performed by otolaryngologists, distinguishing it from other established techniques designed to address tongue base obstruction.
Molecular indicators (biomarkers) of past life
Authors: Simoneit Bernd R.T. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBiomarkers in geological samples on Earth are products derived from biochemical precursors (i.e., natural products) by reductive and oxidative alteration processes (e.g., cholestanes from cholesterol). Generally, lipids, pigments, and some biomembranes are preserved best over longer geological times, and labile compounds such as amino acids, sugars, etc. are useful biomarkers for recent times. Thus, the detailed characterization of biomarker composition permits the assessment of the major contributing species of extinct and/or extant life. Nonbiomarkers and abiogenic organic compounds are also discussed. In the case of the early Earth, work has progressed to elucidate biomarker structures and carbon isotopic signals preserved in ancient sedimentary rocks. In addition, the combination of bacterial biochemistry with the organic geochemistry of contemporary and ancient hydrothermal ecosystems permits the modeling of the nature, behavior, and preservation potential of primitive microbial communities. This approach entails combined molecular and isotopic analyses to characterize lipids and biopolymers produced by cultured bacteria (representative of ancient strains) and to test a variety of culture conditions that affect their biosynthesis processes. In regards to Mars, the biomarkers from lipids and biopolymers would be expected to be preserved best if life flourished there during its early history (3.5–4 × 109 years ago). Both oxidized and reduced products would be expected. This is based on the inference that hydrothermal activity occurred during that time, with the concomitant preservation of biochemically‐derived carbonaceous matter. Known biomarkers (i.e., as elucidated for early terrestrial samples and for primitive terrestrial microbiota) as well as novel, potentially unknown compounds, should be characterized Anat Rec 268:186–195, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Coil–helix transition of ι‐carrageenan as a function of chain regularity
Authors: van de Velde Fred , Rollema Harry S. , Grinberg Natalia V. , Burova Tatiana V. , Grinberg Valerij Ya. , Tromp R. Hans 
Published: October 2002

AbstractA series of ι‐carrageenans containing different amounts of ν‐carrageenan (0–23 monomer %) have been prepared from neutrally extracted carrageenan of Eucheuma denticulatum. ν‐Carrageenan is the biochemical precursor of ι‐carrageenan. The conformational order–disorder transition and rheological properties of these carrageenans were studied using optical rotation, rheometry, size exclusion chromatography coupled to multiangle laser light scattering, and high‐sensitivity differential scanning calorimetry. The helix forming capacity of ι‐carrageenan turns out to decrease monotonously with increasing amount of ν‐units. In contrast, the rheological properties of ι‐carrageenan are remarkably enhanced by the presence of a small amount of ν‐units, yielding a maximum twofold increase in G′ at 3% ν‐units. It is concluded that the structure‐forming capacity of ι‐carrageenan, containing a small amount of ν‐carrageenan, is significantly higher than that of pure ι‐carrageenan. This phenomenon is explained in terms of the balance between the helical content and the number of cross‐links between chains, taking into consideration the fact that ν‐units introduce “kinks” in the chain conformation enabling neighboring chains to connect. Increasing amounts of ν‐units increase the number of cross‐links in the network, resulting in increased gel strength. On the other hand, a reduced length of the helical strands weakens the cross‐links between the different chains and, consequently, the gel. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 65: 299–312, 2002
Perfusion MR imaging with pulsed arterial spin‐labeling: Basic principles and applications in functional brain imaging
Authors: Yang Yihong 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBasic principles of the arterial spin‐labeling perfusion MRI are described, with focus on a brain perfusion model with pulsed labeling. A multislice perfusion imaging sequence with adiabatic inversion and spiral scanning is illustrated as an example. The mechanism of the perfusion measurement, the quantification of cerebral blood flow, and the suppression of potential artifacts are discussed. Applications of the perfusion imaging in brain activation studies, including simultaneous detection of blood flow and blood oxygenation, are demonstrated. Important issues associated with the applications such as sensitivity, quantification, and temporal resolution are discussed. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson 14: 347–357, 2002
An approach to evidence‐based therapeutic apheresis
Authors: McLeod Bruce C. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThis review is derived from a memorial lecture honoring Dr. Francis Morrison, a former President of the American Society For Apheresis (ASFA). The author had numerous professional contacts with Dr. Morrison through ASFA in the early 1990s, having served with him on the Board of Directors and followed him as President, and also came to know him well on a personal level. Professionally, Dr. Morrison stood out as a courtly gentleman with a marvelous baritone voice whose ability to facilitate organization contributed to a growing sense of dignity and purpose in the affairs of the society. On the personal side, however, there wasn't an ounce of pretension in him. He was accessible and down‐to‐earth; a genuine character with an active and appealing sense of humor. Not surprisingly, he seemed to have a wealth of insight and “common sense,” and since the topic of this study is a kind of common sense approach to assessing the effectiveness of therapeutic apheresis, it seems a fitting way to honor his memory. J. Clin. Apheresis 17:124–132, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Increased selectivity in inflammatory site identification via labelling of IgG with N‐succinimidyl‐4‐[125I]iodobenzoate
Authors: Beiki Davood , Shahhosseini Soraya , Khalaj Ali , Eftekhari Mohammad 
Published: October 2002

AbstractHuman nonspecific polyclonal IgG was labelled with 125I through direct and indirect labelling methods using chloramine‐T and a nonphenolic radioiodinated intermediate N‐succinimidyl‐4‐[125I]iodobenzoate (125I‐SIB), respectively. Tissue distribution of radioiodinated IgG was assessed in normal and induced inflammation mice. Although, radioiodinated IgG accumulated in the inflammatory area, results showed decreased thyroid and stomach activity and improved inflammatory thigh‐to‐normal tissue ratios with the indirect labelling method (125I‐IB‐IgG) compared with the direct labelling method (125I‐IgG), indicating reduced in vivo deiodination. These results indicate that the 125I‐SIB is probably a preferable approach for labelling antibodies with iodine radioisotopes. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
New and convenient synthesis of a tritiated photoactivatable nicotinic agonist: [3H]–AC5
Authors: Mourot A. , Kotzyba‐Hibert F. , Doris E. , Goeldner M. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractA new synthesis of a tritiated photosensitive nicotinic agonist ([3H]–AC5), which uses [3H2] as the source of radioactivity, is described. Several improvements have been introduced to establish a reliable five‐step synthesis displaying satisfactory overall yields (45%) and requiring a single purification (HPLC) in the final step. This photosensitive radiolabelled probe will enable us to undertake a time‐resolved photolabelling study on the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor in order to analyze at the molecular level the allosteric transitions occurring after agonist stimulation. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Investigations into the regioselective C‐deuteriation of enolates using a diisopropylammonium salt
Authors: Coumbarides Gregory S. , Eames Jason , Weerasooriya Neluka 
Published: October 2002

AbstractResults are reported on the regioselective C‐deuteriation of 2‐methyl tetralone using a series of diisopropylamine derived D‐sources. The results presented further aid the understanding of kinetic deuteriation of both ‘base‐containing’ and ‘base‐free’ enolates. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.