bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vortex structures in turbulent flow
Authors: Moffatt H K 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
It is an honour to be invited to lecture in this magnificent hall of the University of Edinburgh, where I was privileged to study mathematics and physics in the great era of Aitken, Edge, Schlapp, Kemmer and Nisbet. I matriculated here in 1953. Although I didn’t realise it at the time, this was a significant year for the subject of Turbulence: it was the year in which the research monograph ‘Homogeneous Turbulence’ by George Batchelor, my future research supervisor in Cambridge, was published. This set out the mathematical tools for the study of turbulence in an extraordinarily clear and perceptive manner, and defined with equal clarity the nature of the dynamical problem that had to be solved. There was a degree of optimism in the 1950s that a closure scheme known as the quasi-normal approximation (or zero 4th cumulants) would provide the essential key to this solution. By 1960, this optimism had begun to fade and it became increasingly clear that the central dynamical problem of turbulence was unlikely to yield to any closure scheme that was simple enough to be useful in meteoro logical and engineering applications.
Domain decon1position for Navier-Stokes equations
Authors: Moran Bill , Avdonin Sergei 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
It is common place to recall that microprocessors are doubling their computing power roughly every two years. But even so, there are a few very important fields of physics which are out of reach computationally; turbulence is one of them. Therefore, it is tempting to cluster computers (see for example the Beowulf projects) to increase the computing resources for a single task. This can be done either by the user or by the computer manufacturer.
Boundary Conditions and the Attenuation of Waves in Deformable Tubes
Authors: Gerrard J H 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The standard Womersley theory for pulsatile flow in distensible tubes is outlined with entension to walls which are not infinitesimally thin and which are viscoelastic. In general there are two waves types, one in which the wall motion is principally radial (waves 1) and those in which the motion is principally longitudinal (waves 2). When the oscillating motion is produced by a piston driving one end of the tube it is found that waves 1 are first produced and these produce waves 2. The possibility of each wave type producing the other is discussed. Waves 2 appear not to be found in cardiovasculcar systems. My subject is fluid mechanics. In 1965 I became interested in cardiovascular flow having heard some lectures on the subject. There used to be a Medical Engineering Club in Manchester at which liaison between scientists and clinicians was encouraged. I did a little work with Derek Rowlands at the Manchester Royal Infirmary and later Professor David Charlesworth and I got together at the University Hospital of South Manchester in Withington. He had a well equipped laboratory in which we looked at pulsatile flow in latex tubes. This has been followed by many years of collaboration. Our latest interest has been in atherogenesis. At this meeting it does not need to be stressed that collaboration between scientists and clinicians is a vital constituent for progress.
Study of Newtonian and Non-Newtonian Fluid Flow in a Channel with a Moving Indentation
Authors: Neofitou P , Drikakis D , Leschziner M A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the context of bio-fluid mechanics, the study of unsteady flow in channels with moving boundaries is largely motivated by the need to understand biological flows in collapsible tubes such as arteries and veins. Since in vivo arterial flows involve many physical issues which need to be modelled, simpler geometrical models are usually employed which, however, reproduce many of the important phenomena occuring in the real flow, such as unsteadiness, moving walls, separation and propagation of vorticity waves. Such a model is the flow in a channel with a moving indentation in one wall [1, 2]. Pedley and his co-workers have in the past studied, both experimentally and computationally, the flow down stream of a laterally moving indentation focusing especially on the generation and propagation of wave crests. The above flow was considered in the present study as a basis for validating our numerical model which is based on the Navier-Stokes equations in generalised curvilinear co-ordinates in conjunction with the space conservation law for the case of moving, compressing grids.
Modelling of Flow Transport in Arteries
Authors: Doorly D J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Computational procedures to model transport processes in large arteries are described. The procedures are based on hybrid Eulerian-Lagrangian techniques, in which the velocity field represented on a fixed Eulerian mesh is used to compute the trajectories of marker particles. Applications to the modelling of high Peclet number convection-diffusion and shear-induced damage are described. Extension of the procedure to enable numerical computation of magnetic resonance images of flow in arteries is briefly outlined. By using a suspension of particles in a fluid (i.e. blood) which is forced around the body by the heart, convection becomes responsible for transport over large distances thus overcoming the limitations of diffusion. Although convection is the dominant means of transport within the large arteries, even here diffusion plays an important role, particularly in the flow near the vessel walls. Blood is a complex fluid, comprising a suspension of particles (the formed elements: erythrocytes, leukocytes and platelets) in plasma. Detailed modelling of the dynamics of the particles in the flow will not however be considered here. Instead the particles will be idealised as being of infinitesimal size and of neutral buoyancy. We do not consider turbulent flows since for the most part the flow in arteries remains laminar, although it may be highly disturbed.
The Numerical Investigation of a Novel Haemodynamic Control Device which Reduces the Development of Occlusive Arterial Intimal Hyperplasia
Authors: O’Reilly* M J G 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A computational fluid dynamics investigation of the pulsatile, non Newtonian blood flow through a typical, three-dimensional model of a human femorodistal bypass graft has emphasised the complicated temporal and spatial dependence of the flow patterns at the proximal and distal anastomoses. A novel, simply configured Haemodynamic Control Device (HCD), fit ted at the ends of the graft, judiciously modified the anastomotic flow fields. Flow separation and recirculation were diminished. It is believed that the successful optimisation of the HCD would have important benefits for vascular bypass patients since the inhibiting of the unnatural, disturbed haemodynamics should mean that the development of intimal hyperplasia, and eventual graft failure, is less likely. The bypassing of critically stenosed arteries using biological or synthetic grafts is a common surgical procedure for alleviating life-threatening angina or limb threatening ischaemia. However, intimal hyperplasia, the progressive, abnormal proliferation of the innermost layer of the arterial wall, is a major cause of the early and medium term failure of bypass grafts [I]. It is known that intimal hyperplasia develops exclusively at the suture line where the graft is surgically attached to the host artery, and on the floor of the host artery opposite the anastomosis [2]. The disease occurs predominantly at the distal rather than the proximal anastomosis, with prosthetic grafts being at greater risk than biological grafts. Figure 1 outlines a typical vascular bypass configuration with the observed distribution of anastomotic intimal hyperplasia.
Rouleaux Formation; its Causes and Consequences
Authors: Rampling M W 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Human erythrocytes in whole blood have a natural tendency to ad here together to form aggregates with characteristic morphology known as rouleaux. The ultimate cause of this phenomenon is the presence in the plasma of large plasma proteins, especially fibrinogen. Because the concentrations of these proteins increase in association with many clinical conditions, the degree of aggregation also increases in these conditions, examples of which are diabetes, hypertension, post-surgery and pregnancy. From a rheological point of view the interest in rouleaux formation is largely due to its being the major factor responsible for the remarkable shear dependence of blood viscosity. While much is already known about rouleaux formation, there are two areas that are still little understood. Rouleaux formation is the loose aggregation of red cells that occurs in most human blood when left for a time in stasis. The aggregates have a characteristic morphology with the cells adherent face-to-face to produce columns of cells similar to piles of coins. The forces leading to aggregation are weak, so if a sample of normal blood is put into a couette viscometer and subjected to increasing shear rate the aggregates progressively break up until at excess of about 10 s-1 the aggregates are generally monodispersed.
I Wish I’d Made You Angry Earlier
Authors: Perutz Max F 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Science is no quiet life. Imagination, creativity, ambition, and conflict are as vital and abundant in science as in artistic endeavours. In this collection of essays, Nobel Laureate Max Perutz explores a remarkable range of scientific topics with the lucidity and precision that he brought to his pioneering work in protein chemistry. His book includes detective stories, tales of conflict and battle, one woman's love affair with crystals, a man's gruesome fascination with poison gas, the phantom perils that have been conquered by silent heroes. Perutz argues that science is a passionate exercise and that the pursuit of knowledge is a sortie into the unknown. The pages of this book are populated with some of the intellectual giants of twentieth century science - Pauling, Meitner, Medawar, Krebs, and Jacob, among others. In addition, Perutz's own life provides entertaining anecdotes, including his internment in the UK as an anemy alien, his involvement in a scheme to make ships of ice for refuelling aircraft in the North Atlantic during the War, and the sheer joy he took from his work. 'This....Is a wholly captivating book; it has warmth, wit, and style, and not a dull sentence. I urge you to read, enjoy, and learn.' Walter Gratzer, Nature
The Forgotten Plague*
Authors: Perutz Max F 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
What did Cardinal Richelieu, Heinrich Heine, Frederic Chopin, Anton Chekhov, Franz Kafka, George Orwell, and Eleanor Roosevelt have in common? They all died of tuberculosis because the treatments available until about fifty years ago did little to prolong sufferers’ lives. Ryan’s story of the discovery of the antibiotics and other agents used against tuberculosis makes as exciting reading as Paul de Kruif’s Microbe Hunters, which must have lured more idealistic young people into medical research than any other book ever written. In earlier times, a clean, mild climate was often prescribed, but Chopin wrote ruefully from his villa in Mallorca:
Big Fleas Have Little Fleas …*
Authors: Perutz Max F 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The early conceptual development of molecular biology was dominated by two physicists: Max Delbrück and Francis Crick. Both owe their fame to a small number of seminal papers and their influence to their formidable powers of imagination and argument. Delbrück began his scientific career with Otto Hahn and Lise Meitner, who engaged him as a theoretician to help them interpret their bombardment of uranium with neutrons.
The Second Secret of Life
Authors: Perutz Max F 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In 1937,1 chose hemoglobin as the protein whose structure I wanted to solve, but it proved so much more complex than any solved before that it eluded me for more than 20 years. First success came in 1959, when Ann F. Cullis, Hilary Muirhead, Michael G. Rossmann, Tony C.T. North, and I first unraveled the architecture of the hemoglobin molecule in outline. We felt like explorers who have discovered a new continent, but it was not the end of the voyage, because our much-admired model did not reveal its inner workings —it provided no hint about the molecular mechanism of respiratory transport.
From Kant to Hilbert: A Source Book in the Foundations of Mathematics
Authors: Ewald William 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Immanuel Kant's Critique of Pure Reason is widely taken to be the starting point of the modern period of mathematics while David Hilbert was the last great mainstream mathematician to pursue important nineteenth cnetury ideas. This two-volume work provides an overview of this important era of mathematical research through a carefully chosen selection of articles. They provide an insight into the foundations of each of the main branches of mathematics--algebra, geometry, number theory, analysis, logic and set theory--with narratives to show how they are linked. Classic works by Bolzano, Riemann, Hamilton, Dedekind, and Poincare are reproduced in reliable translations and many selections from writers such as Gauss, Cantor, Kronecker and Zermelo are here translated for the first time. The collection is an invaluable source for anyone wishing to gain an understanding of the foundation of modern mathematics.
Charles Sanders Peirce (1839-1914)
Authors: Ewald William 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Near the end of his strange and beleaguered life, shortly after the death of his friend William James, C.S. Peirce despairingly wrote: ‘Who could be of a nature so different from his as I? He so concrete, so living; I a mere table of contents, so abstract, a very snarl of twine’ (Peirce 1931-58, Vol. vi, p. 131.)
The Statistical Mechanics of Interacting Walks, Polygons, Animals and Vesicles
Authors: Janse van Rensburg E J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This book surveys and explains the mathematical methods and techniques used in the study of lattice models of polymers in solvents. The techniques include the self-avoiding walk and its related models including animal and tree graphs, surfaces and vesicles. The important feature in all these models in the contribution of conformational degrees of freedom to the free energy, and this leads on to the idea of a tri-critical point. The book explores the theory of tri-criticality showing how it can be used to interpret the limiting free energy and generating functions. Density function and pattern theorems are also discussed and finally these ideas are applied to models of collapsing and adsorbing walks, to composite polygons and crumpling surfaces.
Linear Second-Order Odes With Polynomial Coefficients
Authors: Slavyanov Sergei yu. , Lay Wolfgang , Seeger Alfred 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The starting point and the major object of study of this book is the ordinary linear homogeneous second-order differential equation
with polynomial coefficients P0(z), P1 (z), P2(z) considered in the complex z plane. The primes in (1.1.1) indicate differentiation with respect to z. It is supposed that the polynomials in (1.1.1) do not possess common factors depending on z. The degrees of the polynomials P0, P1, P2 are denoted by k0, k1, k2. Beyond the z plane as the range of definition for eqn (1.1.1), the Riemann sphere can be considered. This al1ows us to incJude the point z = ∞ in our studies. The complex z plane including the point z ∞ is denoted by ℂ. Equation (1 .1.1) has two linearly independent solutions. The general solution of eqn (1.1.1) is an arbitrary linear combination of these particular solutions.
Electromagnetic Theory
Authors: Kovetz Attay 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This textbook is intended for undergraduate and graduate students taking an intermediate or advanced course in electromagnetism. It presents electromagnetism as a classical theory, based, like mechanics, on principles that are independent of the atomic constitution of matter. This book is unique amongst electrodynamics texts in its treatment of the precise manner in which electromagnetism is linked to mechanics and thermodynamics. Thus a clear distinction is maintained between such concepts as field and force, or radiation and heat. Applications include radiation from charged particles, electromagnetic wave propagation and guided waves, thermoelectricity, magnetohydrodynamics, piezoelectricity, ferroelectricity, paramagnetic cooling, ferromagnetism and superconductivity. There are 225 worked examples of dynamical and thermal effects of electromagnetic fields, and of effects resulting from the motion of bodies. The concise, methodological approach of this book will be valuable to students and will make it of special interest to tutors and lecturers.
Out of Mind
Authors: De Gelder Beatrice , De Haan Edward H F , Heywood Charles A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Can we learn without consciousness? When the eminent neuropsychologist, Lawrence Weiskrantz first coined the term 'blindsight' to describe a condition whereby a patient could demonstrate that they were aware of some object, yet insist that they were completely unaware of its existence, the response from some in the scientific community was one of extreme skepticism. Even now, there are those who question the existence of unconscious (implicit) learning, and the topic remains one of the most actively researched and debated in psychology. In recent years evidence for unconscious processing across a range of sensory modalities have come from studies of vision, audition, memory, emotion, and action. Never before have these studies of unconscious processing in the different senses been brought together into a single volume. In a book dedicated to Lawrence Weiskrantz, some of the leading psychologists and cognitive neuroscientists of the day explain what we know about unconscious processing in the different senses. Including contributions from, amongst others, David Milner, Jon Driver, Alan Cowey, and Ray Dolan, the book presents a state of the art account of what we now know about 'the unconscious'. The book will provide a fascinating account for students and researchers in psychology, cognitive neuroscience, and philosophy.
Why is Blindsight Blind?
Authors: Azzopardi Paul 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The human retina contains approximately 1.5 million ganglion cells, which convey processed visual information to the brain. About 90% of them project to the lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus, from where the signals are relayed in retinotopic order to the striate cortex of the occipital lobe. It is not surprising, therefore, that damaging the striate cortex, or severing its inputs, causes blindness in the corresponding part of the visual field (Holmes, 1945).
Some patients with occipital lobe brain damage, however, despite being blind as a result, show signs of being able to process visual stimuli in their field defects (or scotomata), especially during forced choice discrimination tests (Pöppel et al., 1973; Weiskrantz et al., 1974; Weiskrantz, 1986). For example, they have intact pupil light reflexes (small but reproducible changes in pupils diameter brought about by the presentation of visual stimuli such as contrast-modulated gratings, Weiskrantz et al., 1998); they show an effect of priming when unseen targets presented in their scotomata influence the reaction times of their motor responses to seen targets in the intact visual field (Marzi et al., 1986; Rafal et al., 1990); they are able to indicate, verbally or manually, the presence of unseen targets in the scotoma during temporal two-alternative forced choice tests (see Stoerig and Cowey, 1997 for review); they may, when cued, move their eyes towards, or point to, the location of an unseen target in the scotoma (Pöppel et al., 1973), and they may be able to indicate whether or not an unseen target has moved in the scotoma, and perhaps even indicate its direction (reviewed in Chapter 6).
Blindsight—Putting Beta (β) on the Back Burner
Authors: Weiskrantz Lawrence 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Blindsight is the capacity for making visual discriminations in the absence of acknowledged awareness, associated with damage to the visual cortex. Subjects can reach for briefly presented stimuli, can discriminate orientation, movement direction, wavelength, and so forth. In fact, the field has expanded recently. B. de Gelder and her colleagues have demonstrated discrimination of emotional expression of faces (1999; 2000). Robert Kentridge and colleagues (1999) have shown that an unseen cue in the blind field can direct attention to an unseen target. However, this subject is not reviewed here. Other relatively recent reviews are available (Weiskrantz, 1997, 1998; Cowey and Stoerig, 1991; Stoerig and Cowey, 1997), to which these latest references can be added. Instead this chapter concentrates on some of the logical issues involved in its demonstration and interpretation.
Blindsight is an example of implicit processing. All examples of implicit processing in neuropsychology are, to varying degrees, counter-intuitive, and hence subject to sceptical attack, but perhaps blindsight is the most counter-intuitive of them all, and historically it has been questioned on fronts that are unique to it. The typical case of damage to V1 is unilateral, and hence there is an intact half-field of normal vision. Therefore doubts have been raised as to whether the ‘intact’ performance seen in the blind field genuinely originates from stimuli within it, but instead might be based on artefactual stimulation of the intact visual field—either because of stray light in the display environment or spread of light within the ocular media (Campion et al., 1983). This was a legitimate concern, but various stringent controls, e.g. use of the optic disc as a control, leave no doubt that blindsight can be processing of stimuli genuinely restricted to the blind field (review by Weiskrantz, 1998).
Covert Affective Cognition and Affective Blindsight
Authors: De Gelder Beatrice 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The notion that a significant part of our mental life proceeds in the absence of awareness and reflexive thought is one of the major intellectual themes since the start of empirical inquiries into mental processes. Evidence of information processing taking place outside the scope of introspection has accumulated systematically since the 1960s. Unconscious processing was found in areas of cognitive skills as diverse as reasoning, memory, language, and object recognition, all of which concerned cognitive information processing. Only recently has laboratory evidence also been provided for unconscious processing of emotional events. This new area, which one might call that of non-conscious or covert affective cognition, thus adds to the already long list of human abilities for which both an overt and a covert route is available. It takes a place next to implicit memory, blindsight, covert face recognition, and implicit language abilities. Recently and more radically, a new instance of covert affective cognition was found in patients with striate cortex lesion. Besides the well-known ability to report on unseen stimuli like line orientation or motion, we found that these patients can also discriminate between facial expressions presented in their blind field. This phenomenon, which we referred to as ‘affective blindsight’, is consistent with earlier reports of covert recognition in brain-damaged patients and non-conscious recognition of facial expressions in neurological intact perceivers. After presenting the major findings, we review some similarities and differences between affective blindsight and other instances of covert affective cognition. Its major contribution to understanding covert affective cognition lies in the insight it provides in alternative, subcortical routes for processing emotional stimuli.