bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The macular hole: report of an Australian surgical series and meta‐analysis of the literature
Authors: Kang H K , Chang Andrew A , Beaumont Paul E 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACT Purpose: To report an Australian series of macular hole surgery by pars plana vitrectomy and fluid‐gas exchange, and to identify factors influencing the outcome of the surgery through meta‐analysis of the literature. Methods: Fifty‐six consecutive cases of macular hole were treated by pars plana vitrectomy, fluid‐gas exchange and face‐down positioning for at least 7 days, and prospectively followed for 3–12 months. Thirty‐six reports of macular hole surgery were reviewed. A meta‐analysis on the pre‐ and postoperative parameters was performed on 389 cases, in which case‐specific data‐points were available. Results: In the current series, anatomical closure was achieved in all (100%) of 16 stage 2, and in 35 (87.5%) of 40 stage 3 or 4 macular holes. At least 2 logMAR lines of improvement in visual acuity were seen in 10 (62.5%) stage 2 and 20 (50.0%) stage 3 or 4 holes. Postoperative visual acuity was 6/12 or better in 10 (62.5%) stage 2 and 17 (42.5%) stage 3 or 4 holes. In both the current series and the meta‐analysis, favourable surgical outcomes were associated with stage 2 macular holes, better preoperative visual acuity, and shorter preoperative duration. Adjuvant use was associated with a higher rate of anatomical closure but there was no clear benefit in terms of postoperative visual acuity. Conclusion: Our experience and the results of the meta‐analysis suggest that macular hole surgery should be offered as early as possible once full‐thickness neuroretinal defect occurs.
Iodine‐125 episcleral plaque therapy in uveal melanoma
Authors: Sia Serena , Harper Chris , McAllister Ian , Perry Adrian 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACT Purpose: To assess the efficacy of iodine‐125 (I‐125) episcleral plaque therapy in the management of uveal melanoma with regard to local control, survival, globe preservation and visual outcome. Methods: Between January 1985 and January 1997, 50 patients with the diagnosis of uveal melanoma were treated with I‐125 episcleral plaques. The mean initial tumour height was 5.5 mm (range, 2.0–9.5 mm) and basal diameter 9.5 mm (range, 4.0–14.5 mm). I‐125 seeds with a mean activity of 1259.1 MBq were used. The mean apical dose was 80.5 Gy (range, 68.0–95.0 Gy). Scleral dose ranged from 225.0 to 940.0 Gy. Pretreatment visual acuity was 6/60 or better in 43 patients. Results: One patient was lost to follow up and excluded from analysis. The remaining 49 patients had a mean follow up of 39.5 months. There were seven local failures, with a mean duration to tumour progression of 16.7 months. All seven patients were successfully managed with enucleation. Five other enucleations were performed for treatment‐ related complications. At the time of analysis, 10 patients have died, five of metastatic melanoma. Of the patients with preserved globes, corrected visual acuity was 6/60 or better in 31 patients. Conclusions: Good local tumour control and survival can be achieved with episcleral plaque therapy. Globe preservation with useful vision was possible in the majority of cases. Our findings are in keeping with other reported series.
Orbital involvement in cherubism
Authors: Carroll Andrew L , Sullivan Timothy J 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACTCherubism is a rare, inherited condition characterized by fibro‐osseous lesions of the maxilla and mandible. It has recently been localized to chromosome 4p16.3. The fullness of the lower half of the face and retraction of the lower lids gives the characteristic ‘eyes raised to heaven’ cherubic appearance. A case report of a 7‐year‐old girl with extensive orbital involvement of cherubism is presented. The patient underwent multidisciplinary surgery for the bony lesions, which extended from the maxillary antrum into adjacent structures, including extensive extraperiosteal orbital involvement. Cherubism may have orbital manifestations including lower lid retraction, proptosis, diplopia, globe displacement and visual loss due to optic atrophy. Ophthalmologists should be aware of the syndrome, its ophthalmic features and overall management.
Dacryocystorhinostomy for epiphora in the presence of a patent lacrimal system
Authors: O’Donnell Brett , Shah Rajiv 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACT Purpose: To evaluate the success rate of dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) for epiphora in patients with a clinically patent lacrimal drainage system. Methods: A series of 51 patients, 12 men and 39 women, who underwent DCR surgery for epiphora with a clinically patent lacrimal drainage system in the background of normal eyelid examination, were evaluated. All patients underwent fluorescein dye disappearance testing and Jones 1 and 2 testing with dacryocystograms in borderline cases. A standard DCR was performed with bicanalicular silicone tubing inserted in all cases. The average time for the removal of the silicone tubes was 9.6 weeks. Results: In 48 cases (94%) there was improvement in symptoms with minimal or no significant epiphora postoperatively. Conclusions: Epiphora with a patent lacrimal drainage system obstruction can be successfully treated by DCR based on fluorescein dye disappearance tests and Jones 1 and 2 tests, with dacryocystography in borderline cases.
Serotype and adhesion of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from contact lens wearers
Authors: Thuruthyil Sophy J , Zhu Hua , Willcox Mark DP 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACTThe purpose of the present study was to correlate the serotypes of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to the bacterial adhesion to contact lenses and human corneal epithelial cells. Twenty‐three strains isolated from contact lens wearers were used for the study. The bacterial serotypes were examined with a P. aeruginosa antisera kit. The attachment of bacteria on contact lenses or human corneal epithelial cells was determined by counting the number of adhered bacteria after incubation of the bacteria with contact lenses or corneal epithelial cells. The 23 ocular isolates belonged to seven serotypes. Strains of serotypes I, G and E were the three dominant serogroups and were more adhesive to contact lenses compared with other groups of the bacteria. The bacterial serotypes and the clinical sequelae were not strongly related. These results indicate that the surface characteristics of bacterial serotypes are related to the bacterial adhesion to the surface, but the pathogenesis of the bacteria may result from multiple factors.
Ocular complications of paediatric patients with nephrotic syndrome
Authors: Ng Joan SK , Wong William , Law Ricky WK , Hui Joannie , Wong Esther N , Lam Dennis SC 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACT Purpose: To investigate ocular complications arising from nephrotic syndrome and/or its treatments in children. Methods: A cross‐sectional study was conducted in a teaching hospital. A total of 31 paediatric patients with nephrotic syndrome were studied. Comprehensive ophthalmic assessments on best‐corrected visual acuity, intraocular pressure, slit‐lamp and fundus examination were taken. Information regarding histological diagnosis of nephrotic syndrome and its treatment regimen in each patient was reviewed and analysed. Results: Bilateral posterior subcapsular cataracts were detected in three of 29 patients (10.3%) who received steroid therapy. Two had normal vision while one had visual acuity reduced to 6/15 in both eyes. The age of onset of the nephrotic syndrome in these three patients was 2 years, which was significantly younger than those without cataract (5.4 ± 3.2 years, P < 0.001). Three patients (9.7%) had isolated asymptomatic fundal findings of tortuous and dilated retinal vessels. Hypertensive retinopathy was found in one patient (3.2%). No steroid‐induced glaucoma, uveitis, ocular infection, or other eye complications related to the use of steroids or other immunosuppressive agents were noted. Conclusions: Children who have nephrotic syndrome often require prolonged, intermittent high dose of systemic corticosteroid therapy. Paediatricians should be aware of the potential risk of developing steroid‐related complications, especially posterior subcapsular cataract. It appears to have a higher risk when steroid therapy is used in very young patients. Early detection would help to prevent amblyopia development, particularly in the group of immature eyes.
Imaging posterior polymorphous corneal dystrophy by in vivo confocal microscopy
Authors: Grupcheva Christina N , Chew Gerald SM , Edwards Matthew , Craig Jennifer P , McGhee Charles NJ 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACTTo identify features of posterior polymorphous dystrophy (PPMD) by in vivo confocal microscopy, the corneas of a female patient with PPMD were examined using slit‐lamp biomicroscopy and slit‐scanning in vivo confocal microscopy. Characteristic endothelial vesicular and band lesions were seen clinically and easily identified using in vivo confocal microscopy. However, endothelial pleomorphism, an increased density and reflectance of posterior stromal keratocytes, and prominence of corneal nerves were also delineated. In vivo confocal microscopy enhances clinicopathological diagnosis and follow up of corneal dystrophies with subtle clinical presentations, such as PPMD.
Effects of post‐mortem delay and storage duration on the expression of GFAP in normal human adult retinae
Authors: Wu Kathy HC , Penfold Philip L , Billson Francis A 
Published: March 2003

AbstractGlial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) is an established marker of retinal glia and has been shown to be modulated by several cytokines and retinal pathology. The influence of a number of factors, including post‐mortem delay, storage duration and retinal pathology, on the distribution and morphology of macroglia and GFAP antigenicity was examined in human retina. The effects of these parameters on GFAP expression were estimated using immunohistochemistry, confocal microscopy and image analysis. Changes in expression of anti­genicity were analysed in human retinal cryosections at three levels: constitutive, aberrant and total. The results indicated that short‐term and long‐term storage duration had no significant effect on GFAP immunoreactivity at all three levels of expression (P > 0.2).
However, a significant increase in GFAP immunoreactivity and distribution
at all three levels of expression was associated with prolonged
post‐mortem delay (> 30 h) (P < 0.05). This study highlights the importance of rigorous matching of post‐mortem delay between control specimens in histological studies of human retinae. The study further demonstrates the utility of Eye Bank retinae fixed and stored in 2% paraformaldehyde, provided that appropriate controls are applied.
Photographic documentation of spontaneous extrusion of a subconjunctival cysticercus cyst
Authors: Raina Usha Kaul , Jain Shailley , Arora Ritu , Mehta Dinesh Kumar , Sharma Vivek 
Published: March 2003

AbstractSpontaneous extrusion of a subconjunctival cysticercus cyst is a rare occurrence. The case reported is of a 20‐year‐old man who presented with a subconjunctival cysticercus cyst that was suspected to be undergoing spontaneous extrusion. The eye was photographed as the parasite extruded through the conjunctival opening with undulating movements over 3−4 min.
Optic disc swelling in an adolescent with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus
Authors: Fraser‐Bell Samantha , Capon Malcolm 
Published: March 2003

AbstractA 14‐year‐old Ukrainian girl with uncontrolled insulin dependent diabetes developed bilateral optic disc swelling when diabetic treatment was instituted. There was no retinal ischaemia. The disc swelling resolved completely over 8 months without specific ocular therapy. Disc swelling in juvenile diabetics must be differentiated from disc neovascularization. These patients may develop retinal ischaemia and neovascularization after the disc changes resolve.
Citation analysis and journal impact factors in ophthalmology and vision science journals
Authors: Sims Joanne L , McGhee Charles NJ 
Published: March 2003

AbstractCitation analysis has evolved over the last 50 years as one parameter for assessing the quality of research published in scientific, technology and social science journals. This is based on the assumption that influential research is widely cited by other scientists and clinicians. With the advent of the Internet, Journal Citation Reports from the Institute for Scientific Information (ISI‐JCR) have become widely available to individuals and institutions. In an increasingly competitive research environ­ment, aspects of citation analysis have been suggested as simple proxy, objective measures to evaluate the research quality of a journal, published articles, research institutions and even individual researchers. This review article provides an overview of citation analysis, including definitions, uses of these reports, and related controversies and potential abuses. As it has become the most commonly used indicator, there is a particular focus on the use of the Journal Impact Factor (JIF). This is a widely quoted measure indicating the frequency with which the average article published in a journal of interest will be quoted within a specified time frame that therefore allows approximate comparisons of journals within a particular field of interest. Given the relative paucity of information in this area, emphasis is placed on citation analysis within ophthalmology, in particular in regard to the 43 ophthal­mology, vision science and optometry journals that are listed in the ISI‐JCR 2001 reports.
Visualization of human gastric ancer with a novel indrared furescent labeling marker of anti‐carcinoembryonic antigen in vitro
Authors: Ito Susumu , Muguruma Naoki , Hayashi Sigehito , Taoka Sotoko , Bando Terumi , Kusaka Yosihiro , Yano Mitsuyasu , Ichikawa Souichi , Hiasa Aya , Omoya Tosihiro , Honda Hirohito , Shimizu Ichiro , Ii Kunio , Nakamura Kazunari , Takesako Kazuhiro , Goto Yosiaki , Shibamura Seiichi 
Published: March 2003

Background: An indocyanine green (ICG) derivative (ICG N‐hydroxy sulfo succinimide ester (ICG‐sulfo‐OSu)) as an antibody labeling substance suitable for vital immunohistochemical staining, and an appropriate fluorescence imaging system for ICG‐sulfo‐OSu using infrared (IR) rays has been developed. The aim of this study is to demonstrate the antibody labeling substance at the cancerous tissue using this imaging system. Methods: ICG‐sulfo‐OSu‐labeled mouse antihuman carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) monoclonal antibody and the imaging system for an IR fluorescent microscope were employed in this experiment. According to the standardized procedure, paraffin sections of 10 cases of gastric cancer were stained with anti‐CEA antibody by the avidin‐biotinylated peroxidase complex (ABC) method. Three cases of gastric cancer that stained positive were used for the IR imaging analysis. Results: The incubation of the gastric cancer specimens with ICG‐sulfo‐OSu‐anti‐CEA antibody‐complex resulted in positive staining in the lesion spots. Infrared fluorescence was observed in a well‐matched coincidence of oxidized 3,3′‐diamino‐benzidine tetrahydro‐chloride (DAB)‐positive sites. No chemical luminescence was confirmed in the rest of the neoplastic areas with ICG‐sulfo‐OSu complex. Conclusion: Specific antibodies with ICG‐sulfo‐OSu have a significant ability to label the cancer cells and reflect sufficient amounts of the fluorescence by IR rays. Therefore, ICG‐sulfo‐OSu is very useful for IR fluorescent endoscopic detection of microcancers by using the immunohistochemical staining method.
Endoscopic ultrasonography and endoscopic retrograde pancreatography in the diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis
Authors: Songür Yildiran , Oğuz Dilek , Gürkaynak Gönül , Demirci Fikret , Şahin Burhan 
Published: March 2003

Background: The diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis (CP) in the early stages is often problematic. Endoscopic retrograde pancreatography (ERP), secretin test and computed tomography are not sensitive enough to detect the early stages of CP. The aim of this study was to investigate the features of CP in endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) in patients with unexplained abdominal pain and/or suspected CP. Methods: Thirty‐four consecutive patients in whom CP was suspected after reviewing their history, abdominal ultrasonography and upper gastrointestinal endoscopy findings underwent EUS. Endoscopic ultrasonography was performed by an author who was aware of the history but blinded to the ERP results. Nineteen patients underwent ERP. Endoscopic ultrasonography was used to evaluate parenchymal changes (echogenic foci, echo pattern, prominent interlobular septa, lobularity, cyst and cavities) and ductal changes (dilatation, echogenicity of duct wall, irregularity, side branch ectasia, tortuousity). Results: Nine patients were found to be normal with regard to EUS examination. Abnormal studies for EUS were 25, while for ERP they were 17. The agreement between ERP and EUS was 100% in the 14 patients with moderate and severe disease. The diagnosis of early or mild CP was established with EUS in 11 patients. Endoscopic retrograde pancreatography, which was performed in five of the patient groups with mild disease, was normal in two patients and showed mild changes in three patients. Conclusions: Endoscopic ultrasonography may contribute to establishing the diagnosis and severity of CP found by ERP. Prospective randomized studies and long‐term follow up of patients are needed in order to determine the role of EUS in the diagnosis of early CP.
Effect of endoscopic treatment of gastric antral vascular extasia associated with chronic liver disease
Authors: Satomi Eriko , Kaneko Akira , Nishimura Yoshiya , Michida Tomoki , Komori Masato , Iyoda Kenya , Sugiyasu Yasunori , Yuki Nobukazu , Yamamoto Keiji , Kurosawa Kazuhei , Kato Michio , Ikeda Masahiro 
Published: March 2003

Background: Gastric antral vascular ectasia (GAVE), as a cause of upper gastrointestinal bleeding, has been treated surgically, endoscopically and pharmacologically for the past 20 years. Methods: We analyzed the clinical effect of endoscopic treatment for 12 cases of GAVE diagnosed at Osaka National Hospital between January 1993 and October 1998. Results: Eight of the 12 cases were treated endoscopically due to marked anemia and histories of gastrointestinal bleeding. All had chronic liver disease (CLD). Mean age was 69 years on diagnosis. Male to female ratio was 1 : 1. Gastric antral vascular ectasia was a cause of 3.9% of bleeding associated with CLD. The modes of endoscopic treatment of the eight cases were laser photocoagulation (1), electrocautery (3), and heater probe thermocoagulation (4). The initial treatment required an average of 5.1 sessions over a period of 43 days. Initial hemostasis was successful in all cases. Treatments for recurrent bleeding were necessary in six cases within 9.2 months, and endoscopic coagulation was again effective in two cases. Corticosteroids were effective in two of three cases resistant to endoscopic therapy. Mean follow‐up period after initial treatment was 2.8 years. The mean total number of therapeutic endoscopy sessions was 9.6. Conclusion: Endoscopic treatments and/or corticosteroids have yielded sufficient results in the hemorrhage of GAVE. Factors affecting the recurrence of GAVE need to be analyzed in CLD patients.
RETROSPECTIVE STUDY OF ENDOSCOPIC FINDINGS: 250 CASES OF GASTRIC CANCER
Authors: Hosokawa Osamu , Kaizaki Yasuharu , Nakaya Takakiyo , Hinoshita Tetsuya , Watanabe Kunishige , Douden Kenji , Hayashi Hiroyuki 
Published: March 2003

Background: The accuracy of endoscopy for detecting gastric cancer is high but failures may occur if the cancer is not visualized or recognized with gastroscopy. The aim of this study was to understand the reasons why gastroscopy may not detect gastric cancer.Methods: Patients with gastric cancer (n = 4053) diagnosed between 1979 and 1996 were studied by linking gastroscopic examinations (n = 111 094). Endoscopic records were reviewed in 250 patients who were diagnosed with gastric cancer but had not been diagnosed as such on the examination within the previous 3 years.Results: In 33 patients (13.2%) gastric cancer was detected at the advanced stage. The percentage of advanced cancer was significantly higher on the cardia and the gastric body than it was on the angulus and the antrum. In 107 patients (42.8%) no lesion was identified after reviewing endoscopic records. In 102 patients (40.8%) marked lesions were present but had not been diagnosed as such. In 41 patients (16.4%) gastric cancer may have been overlooked but due to a lack of photographic documentation in the specific areas, these findings were not confirmed. The percentage of the indeterminate examinations was significantly higher in lesions on the remnant stomach and the cardia than in other areas.Conclusion: In order to reduce the proportion of the advanced gastric cancer to under 20%, repeated endoscopic examinations were recommended within 2 years even if any suspicious lesions could not be detected by the initial examination.
IMPORTANCE OF THE FISTULA TRACT ANGLE IN FISTULA TRACT DISRUPTION IN PERCUTANEOUS ENDOSCOPIC GASTROSTOMY
Authors: Yokose Yoshihiko , Nishikawa Toru , Sugimoto Yasushi , Takahashi Seiichi , Sakurai Ritsuro 
Published: March 2003

Background: The fistula tract angle formed by percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) was examined. Also, the previous literature on fistula tract disruption is reviewed and the possible influence of the fistula tract angle on fistula tract disruption by non‐endoscopic catheter change is discussed.Methods: A total of 15 patients aged 24–80 years were examined.The fistula tract angle was measured as the angle of elevation between the tangent line at the orifice of the PEG stoma and the longitudinal axis of the catheter.Results: Values of the angle ranged from 56 to 90° (mean 77.6°), with four cases (27%) having angles below 70°.With one case of pan‐peritonitis after catheter insertion at 90°, laparotomy revealed that the angle of the fistula tract was low at 62° and that the catheter had broken through the tract just below the abdominal wall.Conclusion: This study suggests that the fistula tract angle might be a potential risk factor for fistula tract disruption by non‐endoscopic catheter change.
COMPARATIVE STUDY AMONG THREE METHODS FOR ORAL COLONOSCOPY PREPARATION: MANITOL, POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL and ORAL SODIUM PHOSPHATE ENEMA
Authors: Macedo Erika P , Ferrari Angelo P 
Published: March 2003

Background: Only appropriate colon cleansing enables total and detailed evaluation of the whole colonic mucosa, essential for safe colonoscopy, and good diagnostic and therapeutic results. The present study compared three methods of outpatient colonoscopy preparation (manitol, polyethylene glycol and oral sodium phosphate enema).Methods: Ninety patients referred for colonoscopy were prospectively randomized into three groups (group 1 manitol; group 2 polyethylene glycol; group 3 oral sodium phosphate enema). Patient tolerance to preparations was evaluated by levels of abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting and taste. The effectiveness of intestinal cleansing and the amount of residual liquid in the colon was recorded. Serum levels of creatinin, sodium, potassium, calcium, phosphorous and bicarbonate were determined before colonic lavage, before colonoscopy and after the procedure.Results: The three groups were similar in patient tolerance and preparation quality, and electrolyte changes occurred in every group, without clinical manifestation. In spite of these alterations, serum levels were inside normal limits in most of the patients.Conclusions: The three methods of colon cleansing were equally tolerated and effective. Electrolyte changes were present universally, being less important in the polyethylene glycol group. In spite of such changes, there were no clinical complications.