bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wharton and The Age of Film
Authors: Cahir Linda Costanzo 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A surprisingly large number of Edith Wharton’s works—her short stories, novels, novellas, and even her autobiography—have been adapted to film and television. While the temptation in explaining this anomaly is to take the high road and presume that Wharton’s extraordinary writing talents and her acute capacity to analyze American society compel the attention of filmmakers, it would be more accurate to state that Wharton’s popularity on screen typifies a simple principle of cinematic production: certain literary works lend themselves more naturally to the economic function of the screen. Edith Wharton’s writing has the functional qualities that filmmakers traditionally seek.
Producers and financiers of film foremost favor and scout for strong narrative realism, and they value upscale properties, like Wharton’s writings, because they confer an immediate integrity on any movie based on such a source. Wharton, specifically, appeals to cinematic translation because of the solid materiality of her writing, a quality that translates well into the visual medium of moviemaking.
Lost Words/Lost Worlds
Authors: Nettle Daniel , Romaine Suzanne 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We saw in the last chapter how languages, like species, are highly adapted to their environments and that all extinctions have as their cause environmental change. Although our opening quotation to this chapter is taken from a work of fiction, it provides a useful metaphor of a process of unraveling or disintegrating, a language being picked apart in pieces after exposure to a hostile environment—in this case, to the gradual encroachment of another culture and language.
In this chapter we examine this process of change and its consequences in more detail with some case studies. In particular, we illustrate how many of the changes affecting endangered languages tend to eliminate linguistic complexity, along with much of what is culturally distinctive—for example, vocabulary for local flora, fauna, native traditions and knowledge. The knowledge contained in indigenous languages has much to con­ tribute to scientific theories through the uncovering of potentially invaluable perspectives on a variety of problems such as land management, marine technology, plant cultivation, and animal husbandry.
The Ecology of Language
Authors: Nettle Daniel , Romaine Suzanne 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We saw in the previous three chapters that the world contains a diversity of languages and peoples far greater than most people realize. This diversity is now under dramatic threat. In the next three chapters, we will give an account of how this situation came about. One cannot understand why languages die out, however, without also understanding the other side of the coin—namely, why so many different languages have developed and persisted throughout human history. In this chapter, then, we consider how language diversity comes about, the social forces which maintain it, and then the factors which may destroy it.
The Economic Wave
Authors: Nettle Daniel , Romaine Suzanne 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We have seen how European populations, their crops, and their languages have replaced indigenous peoples in most of the New World, Australia, and New Zealand over the last five hundred years. We also saw that this expansionary wave was ultimately limited by geography. Most of non-European Eurasia was already full of dense farming populations. The moist tropics were unhealthy and difficult for Europeans to colonize. Thus these areas do not have major populations of European descent, and Europeans, whose population is now stable or declining, are no longer expanding their geographical range.
We might assume that the remaining indigenous languages of the rest of the world—Africa and the tropical Pacific, for example, both rich in linguistic diversity—are safe from encroaching domination. However, a glance at the language situations of these areas shows that this is not so, for there are many examples of shifts to dominant languages which occur without a corresponding movement of people.
Skepticism about Minimalismand about Nonminimalism, Too
Authors: Perry Michael J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The search must be for a function which might (indeed, must) involve the making of policy, yet which differs from the legislative and executive functions; which is peculiarly suited to the capabilities of the courts; which will not likely be performed elsewhere if the courts do not assume it; which can be so exercised as to be acceptable in a society that generally shares Judge [Learned] Hand’s satisfaction in a “sense of common venture”; which will be effective when needed; and whose discharge by the courts will not lower the quality of the other departments’ performance by denuding them of the dignity and burden of their own responsibility.
Native Son: Frank Bird Linderman
Authors: Smith Sherry L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The lure of the west struck Frank Bird Linderman early and inexorably, just as it had Wood, Grinnell, and McClintock. In 1885, at age sixteen, he left his family in Illinois and lit out for Montana Territory, hoping he was not too late to experience the authentic frontier. Naive, romantic, and determined, Linder-man convinced another boy and the latter’s black servant to accompany him. In contrast to Huckleberry Finn, these American boys had parental approval and even some money. For transportation, they chose neither a raft nor a flat-boat up the Missouri River; rather, they boarded a westbound train. Once they reached their destination, Linderman’s companions quickly became disillusioned with the adventure and returned home, sharing neither his dreams nor his compulsions. Frank stayed.
Mabel Dodge Luhan: Muse of Taos
Authors: Smith Sherry L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Mabel Dodge Luhan has long been identified with northern New Mexico and the Taos Pueblo. Yet her first trip to the American Southwest brought her, not to Taos in 1917, but to El Paso in 1913. Accompanying her lover, journalist and radical John Reed, who was covering the Mexican Revolution, Mabel Dodge dashed off postcards from the border’s edge to friends Gertrude Stein and Carl Van Vechten.
Ecological Change and Exotic Invaders
Authors: Wilson Karen A , Hrabik Thomas R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Advances in invasion ecology are often hindered by a gross lack of preinvasion information. In aquatic systems, this inadequacy is exacerbated by the challenges inherent in observing underwater habitats, and, as with terrestrial invasions, many invasions are often well under way before they are discovered. The North Temperate Lakes Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) site has provided an especially valuable research platform for the analysis of the spread and influence of exotic species by providing pre-invasion data and the early detection of invaders. Our long-term data function as an ecological context for short term investigations into mechanisms behind species invasions. Without long-term information, observations of ephemeral interactions and time lags in response to the invader are lost. The serendipitous discovery of two invasive species, the rainbow smelt and the rusty crayfish, in the LTER lakes in northern Wisconsin has led to a research program that has provided insights on the invasion patterns and mechanisms of these two organisms. We have been able to extrapolate our results to assess the threat represented by these organisms to other lakes in the region.
Introduction
Authors: Schmid Carol L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
I first became interested in language relations during a stay in Switzerland in 1970–71. Having grown up in California, I found it fascinating to live in the midst of four language communities. I was struck by the orderly and matter-of-fact way in which linguistic and cultural differences were treated in this small multicultural society. My interest in questions of linguistic coexistence and conflict was reawakened upon moving to Canada, another multilingual society. In Canada, by contrast, matters of language and culture excited the temperaments and sentiments of both linguistic groups. Against this backdrop, I decided to pursue the study of language conflict in the United States. Although the United States has always been home to several non-English languages, the English-Only movement resurfaced in the 1980s after lying dormant for almost half a century.
Identity and Social Incorporation In Multilingual Switzerland
Authors: Schmid Carol L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter examines identity and social incorporation in Switzerland. As the United States embarks upon the twenty-first century, it must look to other models of integrating linguistic and ethnic minorities into the American polity. We have seen in previous chapters that America’s ability to reconcile political unity and cultural diversity has been challenged in the last third of the twentieth century. A massive wave of immigration from Latin America and Asia has transformed the character of many local communities, fueling demands for bilingual services in the public and private sectors. The specter of linguistic diversity has, in turn, sparked insecurity about national cohesion and fostered a movement to designate English as the official language of the United States.
Applied Behavior Analysis and Discrete Trial Training: Separating Methods from Curriculum
Authors: Siegel Bryna 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The purpose of this chapter is to provide a general overview of the methods of ABA/DTT, but is not meant to substitute for a manual or hands-on training on how to use ABA/DTT with children with autism. This chapter is also not to be taken as a recommendation that this is the appropriate method to use for any one particular child at any one particular point in development. There will be much discussion of when features of ABA/DTT may be particularly helpful and certainly appropriate as well as guidelines for ongoing reassessment of a child’s progress using the method, to track whether it is accomplishing identified goals. This chapter is meant to be a way for parents who may be considering an ABA/ DTT program to judge ways how it may be helpful to their child.
For classroom teachers, this chapter on ABA/DTT is meant to help IEP planning around when and how much ABA/DTT may benefit a particular child. In addition, the information here may be useful to alert teachers or home ABA/ DTT therapists and tutors about potential pitfalls and some problem-solving strategies that may be worth considering.
The TEACCH Curriculum
Authors: Siegel Bryna 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A major organizing force in the development of classroom-based curricula for children with autism has come from the work at Project TEACCH at the University of North Carolina in Chapel Hill. Spear-headed by Dr. Eric Schopler, who founded and for many years edited the journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, this approach to teaching children with autism was the first to utilize what, in the terms used in this book, are autism learning disability-specific methods. TEACCH is an acronym for Treatment and Education of Autistic and Related Communication-Handicapped Children.
TEMCH is built on exploiting the relative strengths and preferences of individuals with autism by creating learning, working, and living environments that might be called “autism-friendly.” The guiding philosophy of TEACCH is to create learning and living environments that, as much as possible, are in synch with who children and adults with autism are. Many features of TEACCH take advantage of what children with autism do best—like organizing their worlds visually. Other features of TEACCH take potential limitations of the child with autism and turn them into strengths—like creating a very routine-based school day that appeals to children who prefer rigid, predictable routines.
Henry David Thoreau 1817—1862
Authors: Cain William E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Thoreau was born on his maternal grandmother’s farm, on verginia Road, in Concord, Massachusetts, on July 12, 1817, the third child of John and Cynthia (Dunbar) Thoreau. On October he was christened David Henry Thoreau, named after an uncle who had died in Concord in July. Not until the mid-1830s did he identify himself as Henry David Thoreau. Like much else about this private man, so candid about his principles yet guarded about himself, the reason for the change of name is unclear. Perhaps Thoreau switched his first and middle names to affirm a measure of independence from his family and to signify the new person he had become through his Harvard education and friendships with Ralph Waldo Emerson and other Transcendentalists. Some of his Concord neighbors saw his change of name as rebellious and downright foolish. But “Henry” was what Thoreau’s family had called him since birth, and there is no evidence that they objected to his decision.
From the Reaktionsnorm to the Evolution of Adaptive Plasticity: A Historical Sketch 1909-1999
Authors: Sarkar Sahotra 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter gives a brief history of the norm of reaction (NoR) from its initial introduction to current disputes about the evolutionary etiology of adaptive plasticity, focusing on conceptual issues. The following section describes how the NoR fared in the West until the 1940s and how a conceptual framework for genetics that had no place for the NoR was constructed (see also Sultan 1992). I then describe the fate of the NoR in the Soviet Union in the 1920s, how it was used to deflate claims of the inheritance of acquired characters, how it was incorporated into theories of organic selection, and how it was repatriated to the West. These two sections are short; a more detailed discussion can be found in Sarkar ( 1999). Then follows a description of how the evolutionary etiology of adaptive NoRs emerged as a topic of controversy between those who espoused specific plasticity genes and those who viewed the adaptation of NoRs as a by-product of selection for trait means. In the final section, I optimistically explore the possibility that molecular genetic data may not only resolve this controversy but may also yield new insights into the genesis and evolution of the NoR and phenotypic plasticity.
Cognitive Dimensions Of Social Science
Authors: Turner Mark 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
What will be the future of social science? Where exactly do we stand, and where do we go from here? What kinds of problems should we be addressing, with what kinds of approaches and arguments? In Cognitive Dimensions of Social Science, Mark Turner offers an answer to these pressing questions: social science is headed toward convergence with cognitive science. Together they will give us a new and better approach to the study of what human beings are, what human beings do, what kind of mind they have, and how that mind developed over the history of the species. Turner, one of the originators of the cognitive scientific theory of conceptual integration, here explores how the application of that theory enriches the social scientific study of meaning, culture, identity, reason, choice, judgment, decision, innovation, and invention. About fifty thousand years ago, humans made a spectacular advance: they became cognitively modern. This development made possible the invention of the vast range of knowledge, practices, and institutions that social scientists try to explain. For Turner, the anchor of all social science - anthropology, political science, sociology, economics - must be the study of the cognitively modern human mind. In this book, Turner moves the study of those extraordinary mental powers to the center of social scientific research and analysis.
Stress, Coping, and Health
Authors: Carver Charles S 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter addresses the confluence of two sets of processes as they come to bear on a class of outcomes. The processes are stress and coping. The outcome is health. This topic is enormous in its scope. The literature of stress itself is broad enough to have had a handbook devoted to it (Goldberger & Breznitz, 1993); the same is true of the literature on coping (Zeidner & Endler, 1996). Although those handbooks are by now dated, the years since their publication have brought only further growth in their respective literatures (Folkman & Moskowitz, 2004). It will be obvious, then, that this chapter does not survey the literature of stress and coping in its entirety. Rather, it addresses a set of basic issues, problems, and conceptual themes that have arisen within the literature bearing on stress, coping, and health.
Social Support
Authors: Taylor Shelley E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Group living is perhaps the most significant adaptation of primate species, including human beings. Whereas other animals are armed with weapons, such as sharp teeth or claws, and defensive resources, such as thick skin and speed, primate species depend critically on group living for survival (Caporeal, 1997; Dunbar, 1996). This tendency to come together is especially great under threat. Even chimpanzees, known for their solitary behavior, may abandon this style in favor of group activity when there is an enhanced risk of predation (Boesch, 1991). In times of intense stress, humans are much the same. Following the September 11 terrorist attacks, some of the most common methods people reported using to cope with this threatening event involved turning to others, including family, friends, and even strangers (Galea et al., 2002). There are, of course, tangible benefits to social affiliation under threat. For example, following a disaster, such as a fire, a flood, or a bombing, the presence of many hands can locate survivors and get them to safety. But the presence of others has long been known to foster adjustment to threatening events in other ways, specifically by protecting against adverse changes in mental and physical health that may otherwise occur in response to stress. Social support is now so widely acknowledged as a critical resource for managing stressful occurrences that more than 1,100 articles on the topic appear in the research and clinical literatures each year.
Adjustment to Chronic Disease: Progress and Promise in Research
Authors: Stanton Annette L , Revenson Tracey A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In 1961, a seminal, observational study of adjustment to chronic disease appeared in the Archives of General Psychiatry (Visotsky, Hamburg, Goss, & Lebovits, 1961). Its authors posed questions regarding adjustment to polio that continue to stimulate research on chronic disease today: “How is it possible to deal with such powerful, pervasive, and enduring stresses as are involved in severe polio? What are the types of coping behavior that contribute to favorable outcomes?” (p. 28). Four decades later, theoretical and empirical consideration of these questions has produced multifaceted conceptualizations of adjustment to chronic disease, theoretical frameworks for understanding determinants of adjustment, and empirical evidence regarding factors that contribute to untoward or favorable outcomes. In this chapter, we begin with a brief discussion of the prevalence and impact of chronic disease and then consider what is meant by adjustment to chronic disease. We go on to discuss themes in theories of contributors to adjustment. Finally, we address implications for intervention and future research.
Beyond the Myths of Coping with Loss: Prevailing Assumptions Versus Scientific Evidence
Authors: Wortman Camille B , Boerner Kathrin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The death of a loved one is a ubiquitous human experience and is often regarded as a serious threat to health and well-being. Coming to terms with personal loss is considered to be an important part of successful adult development (Baltes & Skrotzki, 1995). In this chapter, we draw from our own research and that of others to explore how people are affected by the death of a loved one. In our judgment, such losses provide an excellent arena in which to study basic processes of stress and adaptation to change. Unlike many stressful life experiences, bereavement cannot be altered by the coping efforts of survivors. Indeed, the major coping task faced by the bereaved is to reconcile themselves to a situation that cannot be changed and find a way to carry on with their own lives. By learning more about how people react to a loved one’s death, and how they come to terms with what has happened, we can begin to clarify the theoretical mechanisms through which major losses can have deleterious effects on subsequent mental and physical health. In our judgment, one of the most fascinating things about studying bereavement is the extraordinary variability that has been found regarding how people react to the death of a loved one. Some people are devastated and never again regain their psychological equilibrium; others emerge from the loss relatively unscathed and perhaps even strengthened (Elison & McGonigle, 2003; Parkes & Weiss, 1983). Yet at this point, we know relatively little about the diverse ways that people respond to the loss of a loved one, and why some people react with intense and prolonged distress while others do not. Do people who have the most rewarding and satisfying relationships with their loved one suffer the most following the loved one’s death? Or is it those with conflictual or ambivalent relationships who experience the most distress following the loss of a loved one, as clinicians have frequently argued (see, e.g., Freud, 1917/1957; Parkes & Weiss, 1983; Rando, 1993). Among those who fail to show distress following the loss, is this best understood as denial, lack of attachment, or resilience in the face of loss?
Icelandic Expletive Constructions and the Distribution of Subject Types
Authors: Vangsnes Øystein Alexander 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Icelandic expletive-associate1 constructions show that the widespread view that the expletive enforces the so-called Definiteness Effect on the associate, or the ‘logical subject,’ cannot be correct. Uncontroversial data presented below tell us this, notably the fact that universally quantifying noun phrases are allowed as associates in Icelandic expletive constructions. The prime concern of this chapter will be to discuss this fact along with other issues pertaining to the distribution of subject types, as well as the role played by the expletive.
Expletives, Subjects, and Topics in Finnish
Authors: Holmberg Anders , Nikanne Urpo 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Finnish exhibits an unusual combination of properties relating to ‘the subject’: (a) it is a null-subject language, (b) it has obligatory expletives, (c) it is topic-prominent in the sense that the external argument need not be the subject but can be any category which can serve as the topic of the sentence. The Finnish facts to be dis cussed here therefore have consequences for the formulation of parameters concerning null subjects and the EPP, among other things.
Parameters of Subject Inflection in Italian Dialects
Authors: Manzini M Rita , Savoia Leonardo M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this chapter we consider the null-subject parameter, with the implications it has for Chomsky’s 1995, 1998 theory of the EPP and agreement. We take the view that null-subject languages lexicalize the EPP feature through the finite verb (cf. Pollock 1996), while non-null-subject languages lexicalize the EPP feature through a D head or a DP. We further devise a derivation whereby a thematic feature (or, to be precise, an aspectual one) is attracted by D in accordance with the model of Manzini and Roussou 1999. This allows us to dispense with the empty category pro.