bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Constraining broad photon spectrum injections from exotic and astrophysical sources
Authors: Acharya Sandeep Kumar , Cyr Bryce , Chluba Jens 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT
We study the evolution of photon injections with a power-law type spectrum inserted at various epochs of the universe, and obtain constraints on their parameter space from multiple different cosmological probes. Our work is motivated by the realistic possibility of having extended photon spectra from astrophysical and exotic sources. Going beyond a δ-function like approximation, the physics becomes richer and the constraining power of cosmological probes starts to depend on the photon injection history in a complex way. As a toy model, we first consider a decaying particle scenario, and then generalize to a more model independent power law type injection in redshift. Different combinations of our parameters can be mapped to a wide variety of realistic astrophysical and exotic sources, providing useful benchmarks for study in future work.
Association of county-level socioeconomic status with meningioma incidence and outcomes
Authors: Pugazenthi Sangami , Price Mackenzie , De La Vega Gomar Rodrigo , Kruchko Carol , Waite Kristin A , Barnholtz-Sloan Jill S , Walsh Kyle M , Kim Albert H , Ostrom Quinn T 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background
Prior literature suggests that individual socioeconomic status (SES) may influence incidence, treatments, and survival of brain tumor cases. We aim to conduct the first national study to evaluate the association between US county-level SES and incidence, treatment, and survival in meningioma.

Methods
The Central Brain Tumor Registry of the United States analytic dataset, which combines data from CDC’s National Program of Cancer Registries (NPCR) and National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program, was used to identify meningioma cases from 2006 to 2019. SES quintiles were created using American Community Survey data. Logistic regression models were used to evaluate associations between SES and meningioma. Cox proportional hazard models were constructed to assess the effect of SES on survival using the NPCR analytic dataset.

Results
A total of 409 681 meningioma cases were identified. Meningioma incidence increased with higher county-level SES with Q5 (highest quintile) having a 12% higher incidence than Q1 (incidence rate ratios (IRR) = 1.12, 95%CI: 1.10–1.14; P &lt; .0001). The Hispanic group was the only racial–ethnic group that had lower SES associated with increased meningioma incidence (Q5: age-adjusted incidence ratio (AAIR) = 9.02, 95%CI: 8.87–9.17 vs. Q1: AAIR = 9.33, 95%CI: 9.08–9.59; IRR = 0.97, 95%CI: 0.94–1.00; P = .0409). Increased likelihood of surgical treatment was associated with Asian or Pacific Islander non-Hispanic individuals (compared to White non-Hispanic (WNH)) (OR = 1.28, 95%CI: 1.23–1.33, P &lt; .001) and males (OR = 1.31, 95%CI: 1.29–1.33, P &lt; .001). Black non-Hispanic individuals (OR = 0.90, 95%CI: 0.88–0.92, P &lt; .001) and those residing in metropolitan areas (OR = 0.96, 95%CI: 0.96–0.96, P &lt; .001) were less likely to receive surgical treatment compared to WNH individuals. Overall median survival was 137 months, and survival was higher in higher SES counties (Q5 median survival = 142 months).

Conclusions
Higher county-level SES was associated with increased meningioma incidence, surgical treatment, and overall survival. Racial–ethnic stratification identified potential disparities within the meningioma population. Further work is needed to understand the underpinnings of socioeconomic and racial disparities for meningioma patients.
Least-squares analysis of the moments of the charge distribution in the mean-field models
Authors: Suzuki Toshio 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The nth moment, $R^{(n)}_c$, of the charge distribution is composed of not only the m(≤ n)th moments, $R^{(m)}_p$, of the point proton distribution, but also the m(≤ (n − 2))th ones, $R^{(m)}_n$, of the point neutron distribution. The experimental value of $R^{(n)}_c(R^{(n)}_{c,{\rm exp}})$ observed through electromagnetic interaction makes it possible to investigate the point proton and neutron distributions together on the same basis. In order to estimate $R^{(m)}_\tau (\tau =p,n)$ from $R^{(n)}_{c,{\rm exp}}$, however, nuclear models are required. The structure of the least-squares analysis (LSA) between $R^{(n)}_c$ and $R^{(m)}_\tau$ is investigated within the mean-field framework. The LSA reveals constraints inherent in the model framework through the least-squares lines (LSL) and determines the value of $R^{(m)}_\tau$ of $R^{(n)}_{c,{\rm exp}}$ uniquely as a result of the sum rule with respect to the coefficients of the LSL equations. The n-dependence of the values of $R^{(m)}_\tau$ in the LSA is examined numerically by using the moments calculated up to n = 6 for 40Ca, 48Ca, and 208Pb.
Cancer Stem Cells as a Therapeutic Target: Current Clinical Development and Future Prospective
Authors: Philchenkov Alex , Dubrovska Anna 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The key role of cancer stem cells (CSCs) in tumor development and therapy resistance makes them essential biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Numerous agents targeting CSCs, either as monotherapy or as part of combination therapy, are currently being tested in clinical trials to treat solid tumors and hematologic malignancies. Data from ongoing and future clinical trials testing novel approaches to target tumor stemness-related biomarkers and pathways may pave the way for further clinical development of CSC-targeted treatments and CSC-guided selection of therapeutic regimens. In this concise review, we discuss recent progress in developing CSC-directed treatment approaches, focusing on clinical trials testing CSC-directed therapies. We also consider the further development of CSC-assay-guided patient stratification and treatment personalization.
Lack of controlled studies on snakebite prevention: a rapid review
Authors: Rodrigo Chaturaka , Gnanathasan Ariaranee 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Globally, snakebites cause an estimated 80 000–140 000 deaths annually. While there are evidence-based recommendations for managing snakebite victims, recommendations on the prevention of snakebites are limited to expert opinions. We conducted a rapid review to summarise evidence from human studies with a control group on preventing snakebites. Searching PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, CINAHL and EMBASE with inclusive search terms without language or time limits only yielded three eligible studies (one case control study and two prospective controlled clinical studies), highlighting a knowledge gap. Two studies in Nepal by the same group showed that health education of stakeholders and sleeping under a bednet can significantly reduce snakebite incidence (p&lt;0.05), but these observations are not confirmed elsewhere, and because of the high risk of bias the certainty of evidence was low. The third study from Sri Lanka, which assessed if sleeping above ground would prevent snakebites, had inconclusive results. This demonstrates an urgent need for studies with a control group to guide evidence-based recommendations for snakebite prevention. Potential interventions tested can range from low-cost measures such as wearing appropriate footwear in resource-limited settings to testing the efficacy of chemical, biological (e.g. rodent control) or device-based methods and community-supported platforms tracking snakebite sightings with real-time geolocation data in highly resourced settings.
The Novel Use of Magtrace in Chest Masculinizing Transgender Top Surgery
Authors: Bryan Jaimie L. , Spiguel Lisa R. , Herremans Kelly M. , Han Sabrina H. , McKean Jordan A. , Sorice-Virk Sarah 
Published: December 2023

Summary:
Chest masculinization is the most common surgery performed in transgender men, and although incidence of occult cancer is lower than in cis-gender women receiving mastectomy or reduction mammoplasties, the incidence of high-risk lesions is comparable. In patients with concerns for occult malignancy, Magtrace is a nonradioactive tracer available to assist management for its delayed sentinel lymph node mapping capabilities. We present the first case report using Magtrace before masculinizing mastectomies in a transgender man.
Portable hypothermic oxygenated machine perfusion for organ preservation in liver transplantation: A randomized, open-label, clinical trial
Authors: Panayotova Guergana G. , Lunsford Keri E. , Quillin R. Cutler , Rana Abbas , Agopian Vatche G. , Lee-Riddle Grace S. , Markovic Daniela , Paterno Flavio , Griesemer Adam D. , Amin Arpit , Alonso Diane , Rocca Juan P. , Borja-Cacho Daniel , Hernandez-Alejandro Roberto , Fung John J. , Pelletier Shawn J. , Shah Shimul A. , Guarrera James V. 
Published: December 2023

Background and Aims:
In liver transplantation, cold preservation induces ischemia, resulting in significant reperfusion injury. Hypothermic oxygenated machine perfusion (HMP-O2) has shown benefits compared to static cold storage (SCS) by limiting ischemia-reperfusion injury. This study reports outcomes using a novel portable HMP-O2 device in the first US randomized control trial.

Approach and Results:
The PILOT trial (NCT03484455) was a multicenter, randomized, open-label, noninferiority trial, with participants randomized to HMP-O2 or SCS. HMP-O2 livers were preserved using the Lifeport Liver Transporter and Vasosol perfusion solution. The primary outcome was early allograft dysfunction. Noninferiority margin was 7.5%. From April 3, 2019, to July 12, 2022, 179 patients were randomized to HMP-O2 (n=90) or SCS (n=89). The per-protocol cohort included 63 HMP-O2 and 73 SCS. Early allograft dysfunction occurred in 11.1% HMP-O2 (N=7) and 16.4% SCS (N=12). The risk difference between HMP-O2 and SCS was −5.33% (one-sided 95% upper confidence limit of 5.81%), establishing noninferiority. The risk of graft failure as predicted by Liver Graft Assessment Following Transplant score at seven days (L-GrAFT7) was lower with HMP-O2 [median (IQR) 3.4% (2.4–6.5) vs. 4.5% (2.9–9.4), p=0.024]. Primary nonfunction occurred in 2.2% of all SCS (n=3, p=0.10). Biliary strictures occurred in 16.4% SCS (n=12) and 6.3% (n=4) HMP-O2 (p=0.18). Nonanastomotic biliary strictures occurred only in SCS (n=4).

Conclusions:
HMP-O2 demonstrates safety and noninferior efficacy for liver graft preservation in comparison to SCS. Early allograft failure by L-GrAFT7 was lower in HMP-O2, suggesting improved early clinical function. Recipients of HMP-O2 livers also demonstrated a lower incidence of primary nonfunction and biliary strictures, although this difference did not reach significance.
The association of time-updated ambulatory blood pressure and renal progression in hypertensive patients with chronic kidney disease: post hoc analysis of ACCURATE study
Authors: Kim Yunmi , Kim Jayoun , Kang Eunjeong , Im Dha Woon , Kim Taehee , Huh Hyuk , Kim Yeong Hoon , Lee Hyanglim , Kim Ji Hye , Oh Kook-Hwan 
Published: December 2023

Objectives
: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of time-updated ambulatory blood pressure on chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression in patients with hypertension.

Methods
: Among patients with hypertension and CKD stages 3 and 4, enrolled in a clinical trial in which hypertension was treated based on office or ambulatory blood pressure (BP), participants assigned to the ambulatory BP were included in this study. Ambulatory BP was measured at the start of the study and 3, 6, and 18 months. Renal events were defined as a decrease in the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) by at least 30%, dialysis, or transplantation.

Results
: A total of 21 cases of renal events were observed. For baseline BP, a multivariate Cox model revealed that neither office SBP nor any component of ambulatory SBP, including mean, day-time, night-time BPs was associated with the risk of renal events. For time-updated BP, a marginal structural model revealed that the office SBP was not associated with renal events [hazard ratio 1.03, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.99–1.07, P = 0.117], but higher ambulatory SBPs, including day-time (hazard ratio 1.05, 95% CI 1.01–1.10, P = 0.014), night-time (hazard ratio 1.05, 95% CI 1.02–1.08, P = 0.001), and mean (hazard ratio 1.06, 95% CI 1.02–1.10, P = 0.002) ambulatory SBPs, were significantly associated with an increased risk of renal events.

Conclusion
: A higher time-updated ambulatory BP was associated with an increased risk of renal events in patients with hypertension and CKD, whereas baseline office and ambulatory BP, and time-updated office BP were not.
Hypertension in the first blood pressure reading and the risk of cardiovascular disease mortality in the general population: findings from the prospective KORA study
Authors: Atasoy Seryan , Henningsen Peter , Johar Hamimatunnisa , Middeke Martin , Sattel Heribert , Linkohr Birgit , Rückert-Eheberg Ina-Maria , Heier Margit , Peters Annette , Ladwig Karl-Heinz 
Published: December 2023

Background:
The risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality in individuals with an alerting reaction, assessed by hypertension in the first blood pressure (BP) reading but normal BP in further readings, remains unknown in the general population.

Methods and Results:
In a sample of 11 146 adults (51.5% men and 48.5% women) with a mean age of 47.1 years (SD ± 12.3) from a German population-based cohort, we analyzed risk factors and CVD mortality risk associated with an alerting reaction. An alerting reaction was prevalent in 10.2% of the population and associated with sociodemographic, lifestyle, and somatic CVD risk factors. Within a mean follow-up period of 22.7 years (SD ± 7.05 years; max: 32 years; 253 201 person years), 1420 (12.7%) CVD mortality cases were observed. The CVD mortality rate associated with an alerting reaction was significantly higher than in normotension (64 vs. 32 cases/10 000 person-years), but lower than hypertension (118 cases/10 000 person-years). Correspondingly, the alerting reaction was associated with a 23% higher hazard ratio of CVD mortality than normal blood pressure [hazard ratio 1.23 (95% confidence interval 1.02–1.49), P = 0.04]. However, adjustment for antihypertensive medication use attenuated this association [1.19 (0.99–1.44), P = 0.06].

Conclusion:
The results may warrant monitoring of an alerting reaction as a preventive measure of CVD mortality in untreated individuals with elevated first BP readings, as well as optimized treatment in treated individuals.
Early vascular damage in retinal microcirculation in arterial hypertension: the Czech post-MONICA study
Authors: Cífková Renata , Harazny Joanna M. , Bruthans Jan , Wohlfahrt Peter , Krajčoviechová Alena Hrubeš , Lánská Věra , Gelžinský Július , Mateřánková Markéta , Mareš Štěpán , Filipovský Jan , Mayer Otto , Schmieder Roland E. 
Published: December 2023

Retinal microcirculation reflects retinal perfusion abnormalities and retinal arterial structural changes at relatively early stages of various cardiovascular diseases. Wall-to-lumen ratio (WLR) may represent the earliest step in hypertension-mediated organ damage.
Our objective was to compare functional and structural parameters of retinal microcirculation in a randomly selected urban population sample, in hypertensive and normotensive individuals.

Design and method:
A total of 398 randomly selected individuals from an urban population aged 25–65 years, residing in Pilsen, Czech Republic, were screened for major cardiovascular risk factors. Retinal microcirculation was assessed using scanning laser Doppler flowmetry, with data evaluable in 343 patients. Complete data were available for 342 individuals divided into four groups based on blood pressure and control status of hypertension: normotensive individuals (n = 213), treated controlled hypertensive individuals (n = 30), treated uncontrolled hypertensive individuals (n = 26), and newly detected/untreated hypertensive individuals (n = 73).

Results:
There was a tendency to higher wall thickness in treated but uncontrolled hypertensive patients (compared to normotensive and treated controlled hypertensive individuals). WLR was significantly increased in treated but uncontrolled hypertensive patients as well as in individuals with newly detected thus untreated hypertension or in patients with known but untreated hypertension. There was no difference in WLR in treated, controlled hypertensive patients compared with normotensive individuals.

Conclusion:
Our results show that an increased WLR, reflecting early vascular damage, was found in newly detected individuals with hypertension and in untreated hypertensive patients, reflecting early hypertension-mediated vascular damage. Early initiation of hypertension treatment may be warranted.
Chronic kidney disease prevalence in asymptomatic patients with risk factors—usefulness of serum cystatin C: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Avila Mariela N. , Luciardi María C. , Oldano Ana V. , Aleman Mariano N. , Pérez Aguilar Rossana C. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background:
Chronic kidney disease is recognized as a worldwide public health problem, particularly within an increasing prevalence of obesity, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension. This disease affects more than 13% of the world's population and is increasing. Further biochemical assessment with new biomarkers, such as serum cystatin C (CysC), would improve patient care and disease control. The aim of this study was to detect chronic kidney disease (CKD) in asymptomatic subjects with risk factors and evaluate CysC as early biomarker of renal damage and accurate test to estimation glomerular filtration (GF).

Methods:
This observational analytic and cross-sectional design included 195 patients of both sexes. A full clinical evaluation included height, weight, waist circumference, body mass index (BMI), blood pressure (BP), and family history of disease. Renal function was evaluated through serum creatinine (SCrea), serum CysC, urinary albumin, and urinary creatinine. GF was calculated using CKD-EPI creatinine (CKD-EPI Crea) and CKD-EPI creatinine-cystatin C equations (CKD-EPI Crea-CysC).

Results:
Renal injury showed 24% of patients with albuminuria; 18% of them were categorized as A2 and 6% as A3. Therefore, 73% had no progression risk (baseline risk), 20% moderate risk, and 7% high risk. Among analyzed groups, significant differences were found in BMI, BP, Screa, CysC, CKD-EPI Crea, and CKD-EPI Crea-CysC. Overweight population was analyzed by assessing CysC and calculating CKD-EPI Crea-CysC, showing an important change with respect to the general population.

Conclusion:
Combined CysC and Crea measurement provides incremental improvement in predicting measured GF.
Occurrence and predictors of delirium in critically ill older patients: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Martins Rita , Martins Sónia , Correia Raquel , Pinho Elika , Paulo Cristiana , Silva Maria João , Teixeira Ana , Fontes Liliana , Lopes Luís , Paiva José Artur , Azevedo Luís Filipe , Fernandes Lia 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Objectives:
This study aims to analyze the occurrence of delirium in critically ill older patients and to identify predictors of delirium.

Methods:
This prospective study included critically ill older patients admitted into level II units of Intensive Care Medicine Department of a University Hospital. Patients with Glasgow Coma Scale score ≤11, traumatic brain injury, terminal disease, history of psychosis, blindness/deafness, or inability to understanding/speaking Portuguese were excluded. The Confusion Assessment Method-Short Form (CAM-4) was used to assess the presence of delirium.

Results:
The final sample (n = 105) had a median age of 80 years, most being female (56.2%), widowed (49.5%), and with complete primary education (53%). Through CAM-4, 36.2% of the patients had delirium. The delirium group was more likely to have previous cognitive decline (48.6% vs 19.6%, P = .04) and severe dependency in instrumental activities of daily living (34.3% vs 14.8%, P = .032), comparing with patients without delirium. The final multiple logistic regression model explained that patients with previous cognitive decline presented a higher risk for delirium (odds ratio: 4.663, 95% confidence Interval: 1.055–20.599, P = .042).

Conclusions:
These findings corroborate previous studies, showing that cognitive decline is an independent predictor for delirium in older patients. This study is an important contribution for the knowledge regarding the predictors of delirium. The recognition of these factors will help to identify patients who are at high risk for this syndrome and implement early screening and prevention strategies. However, further studies with larger samples, recruited from other clinical settings as well as analyzing other potential factors for delirium, will be needed.
Endoscopic evacuation of chronic subdural hematoma with rigid and flexible endoscope: case report
Authors: Mokbul Mobin Ibne , Ghimire Sagun , Rana Md. Sumon , Bhuiyan Md. Sazzad Hossain , Islam Md. Shafiqul 
Published: December 2023

Introduction:
Subdural haematoma (SDH) is a common neurosurgical condition after head trauma requiring evacuation to prevent secondary brain injury. The first choice of management in these patients is a large craniotomy or burr-hole evacuation. However, sometimes due to lack vision during drain tube insertion or irrigation the authors might land up in a complication like cortical bridging vein rupture, haemorrhage etc. Also, the management of septate chronic SDH (CSDH) with multiple neo-membranes does not have a well-defined surgical approach. Recently, endoscopic evacuation has been reported to a be a feasible method for evacuation in acute, subacute and chronic SDH patients.

Presentation of case:
A 65-years-old male patient presented with a history of recent head injury and symptoms of headache and urinary incontinence of 7 days (Glasgow Coma Scale Score 15/15). Computed tomography scan revealed CSDH at both fronto-parietal convexity more on right side.

Discussion:
The authors reported our initial experience on a typical case of an older patient with chronic subdural haematoma and its evacuation with the assistance of both rigid and flexible endoscope. The authors could visualize cortical bridging veins and neo-membranes intraoperatively and guided our drainage tube accordingly to avoid inadvertent haemorrhage. There was no recurrence of symptoms postoperatively. Thus we achieved apparent successful evacuation of the CSDH in this patient in a 6-month follow-up.

Conclusion:
Endoscopic evacuation of CSDH proves to be an effective minimally invasive modality and more studies are required on larger patient groups with long-term follow-up imaging to confirm its superiority.