bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gravitational effects on fluid dynamics in cosmological first-order phase transitions
Authors: Jinno Ryusuke , Kume Jun'ya 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Cosmological first-order phase transition (FOPT) sources the stochastic gravitational wave background (SWGB) through bubble collisions, sound waves, and turbulence.
So far, most studies on the fluid profile of an expanding bubble are limited to transitions that complete in a much shorter time scale than the cosmic expansion.
In this study, we investigate gravitational effects on the fluid profile beyond the self-similar regime.
For this purpose we combine a hydrodynamic scheme in the presence of gravity with a fluid computation scheme under energy injection from the bubble wall. By performing (1+1)d simulations of spherical bubble for constant wall velocities, we find that the fluid generally develops a thinner shell in our cosmological setup, which qualitatively agrees with previous studies discussing the late-time behavior of fluid in expanding spacetime.
We also observe reduction in the energy budget for the fluid kinetic energy. Furthermore, we find that the fluid profile develops sub-structure for accelerating bubble walls.
We also comment on the possible broadening of the SGWB spectral plateau.
Electropolymerized dopamine-based memristors using threshold switching behaviors for artificial current-activated spiking neurons
Authors: Zhong Bowen , Qin Xiaokun , Li Zhexin , Zheng Yiqiang , Liu Lingchen , Lou Zheng , Wang Lili 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Memristors have a synapse-like two-terminal structure and electrical properties, which are widely used in the construction of artificial synapses. However, compared to inorganic materials, organic materials are rarely used for artificial spiking synapses due to their relatively poor memrisitve performance. Here, for the first time, we present an organic memristor based on an electropolymerized dopamine-based memristive layer. This polydopamine-based memristor demonstrates the improvements in key performance, including a low threshold voltage of 0.3 V, a thin thickness of 16 nm, and a high parasitic capacitance of about 1 μF∙mm−2. By leveraging these properties in combination with its stable threshold switching behavior, we construct a capacitor-free and low-power artificial spiking neuron capable of outputting the oscillation voltage, whose spiking frequency increases with the increase of current stimulation analogous to a biological neuron. The experimental results indicate that our artificial spiking neuron holds potential for applications in neuromorphic computing and systems.
Electrolyte-gated optoelectronic transistors for neuromorphic applications
Authors: Bi Jinming , Li Yanran , Lu Rong , Song Honglin , Jiang Jie 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The traditional von Neumann architecture has demonstrated inefficiencies in parallel computing and adaptive learning, rendering it incapable of meeting the growing demand for efficient and high-speed computing. Neuromorphic computing with significant advantages such as high parallelism and ultra-low power consumption is regarded as a promising pathway to overcome the limitations of conventional computers and achieve the next-generation artificial intelligence. Among various neuromorphic devices, the artificial synapses based on electrolyte-gated transistors stand out due to their low energy consumption, multimodal sensing/recording capabilities, and multifunctional integration. Moreover, the emerging optoelectronic neuromorphic devices which combine the strengths of photonics and electronics have demonstrated substantial potential in the neuromorphic computing field. Therefore, this article reviews recent advancements in electrolyte-gated optoelectronic neuromorphic transistors. First, it provides an overview of artificial optoelectronic synapses and neurons, discussing aspects such as device structures, operating mechanisms, and neuromorphic functionalities. Next, the potential applications of optoelectronic synapses in different areas such as artificial visual system, pain system, and tactile perception systems are elaborated. Finally, the current challenges are summarized, and future directions for their developments are proposed.
Adaptive optoelectronic transistor for intelligent vision system
Authors: Wang Yiru , Liu Shanshuo , Zhang Hongxin , Cao Yuchen , Mu Zitong , Yi Mingdong , Xie Linghai , Ling Haifeng 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Recently, for developing neuromorphic visual systems, adaptive optoelectronic devices become one of the main research directions and attract extensive focus to achieve optoelectronic transistors with high performances and flexible functionalities. In this review, based on a description of the biological adaptive functions that are favorable for dynamically perceiving, filtering, and processing information in the varying environment, we summarize the representative strategies for achieving these adaptabilities in optoelectronic transistors, including the adaptation for detecting information, adaptive synaptic weight change, and history-dependent plasticity. Moreover, the key points of the corresponding strategies are comprehensively discussed. And the applications of these adaptive optoelectronic transistors, including the adaptive color detection, signal filtering, extending the response range of light intensity, and improve learning efficiency, are also illustrated separately. Lastly, the challenges faced in developing adaptive optoelectronic transistor for artificial vision system are discussed. The description of biological adaptive functions and the corresponding inspired neuromorphic devices are expected to provide insights for the design and application of next-generation artificial visual systems.
Recent progress in organic optoelectronic synaptic transistor arrays: fabrication strategies and innovative applications of system integration
Authors: Guo Pu , Zhang Junyao , Huang Jia 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The rapid growth of artificial intelligence has accelerated data generation, which increasingly exposes the limitations faced by traditional computational architectures, particularly in terms of energy consumption and data latency. In contrast, data-centric computing that integrates processing and storage has the potential of reducing latency and energy usage. Organic optoelectronic synaptic transistors have emerged as one type of promising devices to implement the data-centric computing paradigm owing to their superiority of flexibility, low cost, and large-area fabrication. However, sophisticated functions including vector-matrix multiplication that a single device can achieve are limited. Thus, the fabrication and utilization of organic optoelectronic synaptic transistor arrays (OOSTAs) are imperative. Here, we summarize the recent advances in OOSTAs. Various strategies for manufacturing OOSTAs are introduced, including coating and casting, physical vapor deposition, printing, and photolithography. Furthermore, innovative applications of the OOSTA system integration are discussed, including neuromorphic visual systems and neuromorphic computing systems. At last, challenges and future perspectives of utilizing OOSTAs in real-world applications are discussed.
Ultra-high reversible hydrogen storage capacity of Li3N by graphene wrapping
Authors: Bu Fanqi , Gu Mengyue , Liu Ting , Liu Siyuan , Ji Xin , Liu Xin , Ding Shujiang , Cheng Yonghong , Zhang Jinying 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Li3N was a promising hydrogen storage material due to its extremely high hydrogen storage capacity. However, the poor kinetic properties as well as the cycling performance further limited its commercial application. Herein, graphene interface-enhanced Li3N (Li3N-Gra) was prepared by rolling transfer of microspheres. The onset dehydrogenation temperature of Li3N-8 wt.%Gra was as low as 211°C without any metal-based catalyst, which is 58°C lower than that of blank Li3N. About 4.14 wt.% H2 was released by Li3N-8 wt.% Gra at 300°C within 10 min. Specially, Li3N-8 wt.%Gra has been demonstrated to release 4.12 wt.% H2 at 300°C even after 40 cycles with 98.0% capacity retention. The drastically reduced Li3N particle size, elevated defect concentration, and abundant graphene interfaces together contributed to the improved Li3N-Gra kinetic performance. The stable and abundant graphene interfaces served as structural supports and spatial barriers, which effectively improved the cycling stability of Li3N. The method proposed in this work for obtaining graphene interface-enhanced Li3N by microsphere rolling transfer was expected to be applied to various hydrogen storage materials to improve their hydrogen storage properties.
Research on typical defects of Cu/Fe dissimilar metals vacuum welding-brazing and improvement measures
Authors: Deyun Liu , Yunyue Li , Mingyuan Zhao , Lanbing Sheng , Yuanxun Shen 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Cu/Fe dissimilar metals are joined by welding-brazing in a vacuum furnace, and then typical defect formation mechanisms of the post-welded joints are observed and analyzed. As a result, it has been found that the major welding-brazing defects are elemental segregation, solidification cracks and poor fusion. It is worth noting that the causes of element segregation and slag inclusion are related to high welding-brazing temperature, impurity of raw materials, inadequate cleaning of materials before welding-brazing and volatilization of impurity metals in the chamber of the vacuum furnace. In addition, welding-brazing defects such as poor fusion and solidification crack are not only related to elemental segregation and slag inclusion, but also to other external factors such as excessive cooling rate and minor furnace leakage, etc., and the defects tend to occur at the interface near the Cu/Fe joint connection. By changing the welding-brazing process, it can effectively inhibit elemental segregation, reduce the slag inclusion and avoid poor fusion, solidification cracks and other interfacial welding-brazing defects, and ultimately obtain a good combination of copper and iron dissimilar metal joints, the shear strength has greatly increased compared to before improvement.
Compact multi-channel analyzer for SiPM detectors with real time on-board signal analysis
Authors: Kučera P. , Urban O. , Růžička O. , Vítek M. , Stašek P.M. , Holík M. , Klesa R. , Ahmadov F. , Sadigov A. , Mammadli A. , Abbasova Ch. , Pavlas O. , Slavíček T. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Multi-channel analysers (MCAs) play a crucial role in spectral measurements, especially in the context of Silicon Photomultipliers (SiPMs) used for gamma spectroscopy. Most commercial MCAs, while highly accurate, remain cost-prohibitive for broader applications. This paper presents the design and implementation of a cost-effective MCA utilizing off-the-shelf components while achieving spectroscopy of gamma particles with reasonable resolution. The MCA board is built around the STM32G4 family microcontroller (MCU), which provides embedded analog components, timers, and high-resolution ADCs. This system is designed to reduce external component requirements, thereby decreasing costs and increasing system reliability. Experimental results demonstrate that the MCA can perform accurate real-time gamma radiation measurements with SiPM detectors. The device offers flexible connectivity options (USB, Ethernet, WiFi). The low-cost, accessible nature of the MCA opens up opportunities for educational and research applications in radiation detection.
Development of Hall probe magnetic field measurement system using computer vision and rotating stage
Authors: Hwang Jongmo , Kim Eun-San 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This study presents a measurement system for Hall probe
accelerator magnets that incorporates a triple camera array for
alignment and a rotating stage to capture magnetic-field
harmonics. The camera array functions similarly to a total station,
combining features of a theodolite and range finder. A color marker
was used as a trace-mark target to position the Hall probe at the
mechanical center of the magnet. Techniques such as color-based
object tracking, stereo vision, Canny edge detection, and
Hough-transform algorithms were implemented to achieve this. In
conventional Cartesian coordinates, we measured the radial-direction
magnetic fields, denoted as Br, by calculating Bx, and
By. However, with the use of a rotating stage that allowed the
rotation of the Hall probe, we measured the Br directly in
cylindrical coordinates. Subsequently, we compared the harmonics of
both methods. Three identical 1T/m reference quadrupoles were
measured. The experimental results confirmed that the alignment of
the magnet and Hall probe achieved repeatability ranging within an
approximate value of 200 μm. The proposed camera array system
will be installed at Korea University's in-house Single Stretch Wire
magnet measurement system to assist magnet and wire alignments.
Spatial distribution of ammonium in the global marine boundary layer from Arctic to Antarctic
Authors: Sun Ningning , Shi Guitao , Hu Ye , Li Yilan , Wu Guangmei , Chen Zhenlou 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Ammonium (NH4+) in the marine boundary layer (MBL) was measured during the Chinese Antarctic (2015–2016) and Arctic (2021) Research Expedition. A significant latitudinal gradient in NH4+ concentration was observed, and NH4+ was mainly in the fine-mode (< 2.1 μm) in the MBL. NH4+ showed the highest concentration in the coastal East Asia (CEA), followed by the coastal Southeast Asia and Australia (CSAA). Low NH4+ levels were detected in the open oceans, i.e., the Arctic Ocean (AO), the Southern Ocean (SO), and the western Pacific Ocean (WPO). In the AO, WPO, and SO regions, the air masses arriving at the sampling sites mainly originated from the open oceans, and the significant correlation with methanesulfonate (MSA) which is considered as the marker of marine biogenic sources and NH4+ suggests that marine emissions associated with marine primary productivity are likely an important source of NH4+. However, in the two near-continental regions of CEA and CSAA, elevated NH4+ concentrations are mainly dominated by dense human activities associated to continental air masses. The Neutralization Ratio (NR), defined as the extent to which acidic sulfate and nitrate compounds are neutralized by NH₄⁺, was much smaller than 1.0 (mean=0.07) in all samples, indicating that the transformation and generation of NH4+ are mainly controlled by the source (i.e., NH3 levels). In addition, there was a significant correlation between non-sea-salt SO42- (nssSO42-) and NH4+, suggesting that NH3 preferentially reacted with H2SO4 over HNO3 in the MBL, especially in areas with excessive acidity.
A new perspective on socioeconomic drought: A distributed and standardized index
Authors: Fangxiu Meng , Liu Suning , Han Zhiming , Wang Yao , Wu Rong , Shi Haiyun 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In drought studies, a standardized index has better applicability, and a distributed index can improve our ability to identify the spatial aspects of droughts. However, for socioeconomic drought, none of the existing indices is both spatially distributed and standardized. To fill this gap, this study proposes a novel index, Distributed Standardized SocioEconomic Drought Index (DSSEDI), to accurately identify socioeconomic drought over time and space. Moreover, a high-precision, long-term gridded water demand dataset is developed as the basis of establishing this index. For the East River basin, DSSEDI accurately detected significant socioeconomic droughts in 2002, 2004-2005, 2009, and 2011, mostly during autumn-winter-spring. The Pearl River Delta was found to have significant population and economic vulnerability to droughts, with economic exposure peaking at $4.66 billion near Shenzhen during severe events. As a standardized index, it can be adaptable to other regions. Overall, this study provides a new perspective on socioeconomic drought by increasing spatial resolution of water demand data and accounting for the impacts of water conservation measures on observations during the establishment process of DSSEDI.
Evaluation of Image Quality and Fetal Dose Through Current Modulation CT-Scan Using Pregnancy Phantoms
Authors: Endarko Endarko , Jannah Fathul , Hariyanto Aditya Prayugo , Uniatunada Isfina , Anam Choirul , Budiarti Nurhanifa Tri 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Computed Tomography (CT) is often required in special circumstances during pregnancy to determine internal medicine, specifically when information from other imaging techniques, such as ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), is still inadequate. In CT-Chest, abdomen, and pelvis (CAP) examination, direct irradiation of the fetal is necessary, indicating that the potential for fetal exposure must be considered. Therefore, this study evaluated the effects of current modulation on image quality and fetal absorbed dose in pregnant patients. Calculation using IndoseCT and film dosimeters were used with a 3D-printed anthropomorphic pregnant phantom thorax-abdomen-pelvic during the first and third trimesters of pregnancy. Image quality analysis and image noise were then measured by IndoseCT, while fetal dose analysis was performed using IndoseCT software, as well as through direct measurements with an XR-QA2 film dosimeter. Statistical tests were performed to compare the data obtained using both methods. The results showed that the use of current modulation increased the image noise. The fetal dose can be significantly reduced by adjusting the tube current and patient diameter without affecting image quality in the first and third trimesters. It was also revealed that the smallest diameter received the largest dose in both trimesters for nonmodulation. Although there were differences in the dose values obtained from the IndoseCT and measurements, the data patterns were not significantly different. Furthermore, based on these results, the dosage value was below the tolerance threshold for deterministic effects (i.e., <50 mGy).
Making the Invisible Real
Authors: Hartmann Catherine 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
How can a person learn to see a mountain as a divine mandala, especially when—to the ordinary eye—the mountain looks like a pile of rocks and snow? This is the challenge that the Tibetan pilgrimage tradition poses to pilgrims, who are told to overcome their ordinary perception to see the hidden reality of the holy mountain. This book analyzes how Tibetan pilgrimage literature texts approach this goal of transforming perception, and how the tradition creates and maintains wondrous sacred landscapes experienced by pilgrims as real. The book draws on multiple genres of Tibetan literature, including founding narratives of holy places, polemical debates about the value of pilgrimage, written guides to holy places, advice texts about the ethics of pilgrimage practice, and personal diaries, which date from the 1230s to the 1950s. It argues that the pilgrimage tradition develops practices of seeing that juxtapose pilgrims’ ordinary perception of the material world and their imaginative vision of the extraordinary sacred landscape. In other words, they juxtapose two understandings of reality: one, the ordinary reality pilgrims see every day, and the other, the deeper, extraordinary reality that pilgrimage texts claim lies beyond illusory ordinary perception. The pilgrimage tradition leads pilgrims back and forth between these two ways of seeing, weaving the ordinary perceived world and extraordinary imagined world together in their experience. These practices of seeing thus structure the pilgrim’s encounter with the material landscape, creating the conditions in which the extraordinary nature of the mountain is experienced as real and materially present.
How to See on Pilgrimage
Authors: Hartmann Catherine 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This chapter asks what it means to see in Tibetan pilgrimage. While perception is often assumed to refer to passive reception of sense data from the external world, this chapter surveys Buddhist and Tibetan approaches to perception to argue for an understanding of vision as bridging the internal world of language, imagination, and affect with the external, physical world. Perception is an active and therefore malleable process that becomes an important tool for reshaping human experience of the world. The chapter demonstrates how Buddhists in various times and places have utilized that tool, developing practices that aim to replace or improve ordinary ways of seeing the world, thus situating Tibetan Buddhist pilgrimage within a long lineage of Buddhist thought and practice centered on vision.
Opening Doors to Sacred Realms
Authors: Hartmann Catherine 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This chapter focuses on an idealized account of how to transform perception by analyzing a work by the Drikung master Chökyi Drakpa (1595–1659), which purports to be the story of how he “opened the doors” (gnas sgo phye ba) of a holy mountain by obtaining a direct perception of the mountain as a divine mandala of Cakrasaṃvara, a tantric deity. It examines Chökyi Drakpa’s account of how he transformed his ordinary perception through skilled practices of reading signs in the landscape and cultivating the ability to see past surface appearances. This visionary activity forges a lasting interpenetration between the primordial realm of the deity and the temporal realm of the present day. This interpenetration allows future pilgrims, even those who cannot see the mountain as the mandala, to benefit from the connection between the worlds, and it allows some fortunate pilgrims to reenact Chökyi Drakpa’s vision of the mountain as mandala.
We should not fear assisted dying
Authors: Harwood Rowan H 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The argument for allowing assisted dying (ad) is based on two principles: (i) respect for autonomy and (ii) adequate safeguards to avoid coercion or abuse. We should ensure that ad is accessible, equitable and regulated. It is wrong, without very good reason, to impose a set of beliefs on other people who do not hold those views. We should therefore not impose an obligation to go on living if an individual considers that it is associated with unwanted suffering, distress, dependency, indignity or cost. We should accept, and provide for, diversity and variation in people’s views on ad. The right to refuse life-prolonging therapies, or to have drugs to control distressing symptoms that incidentally shorten life, is well-established. The ethical distinction between these and ad is arguable. Worldwide, most people who choose to end their lives, are already close to death. Some people need protection from the possibility of their lives being ended when they did not intend or want it. However, older people are capable of making informed decisions on serious matters, with or without the support of others. To suggest otherwise is paternalistic and ageist. Multiple jurisdictions worldwide have developed and use effective safeguards. In these countries, ad is mostly welcomed and has not led to undue legal, social or human rights problems. Legal provision for ad is both desirable and necessary.