bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Positioning Political Texts with Large Language Models by Asking and Averaging
Authors: Le Mens Gaël , Gallego Aina 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We use instruction-tuned large language models (LLMs) like GPT-4, Llama 3, MiXtral, or Aya to position political texts within policy and ideological spaces. We ask an LLM where a tweet or a sentence of a political text stands on the focal dimension and take the average of the LLM responses to position political actors such as US Senators, or longer texts such as UK party manifestos or EU policy speeches given in 10 different languages. The correlations between the position estimates obtained with the best LLMs and benchmarks based on text coding by experts, crowdworkers, or roll call votes exceed .90. This approach is generally more accurate than the positions obtained with supervised classifiers trained on large amounts of research data. Using instruction-tuned LLMs to position texts in policy and ideological spaces is fast, cost-efficient, reliable, and reproducible (in the case of open LLMs) even if the texts are short and written in different languages. We conclude with cautionary notes about the need for empirical validation.
The use of 13C,14C and 18O of dental enamel to estimate the year of birth and geographic origin from Mexican individuals
Authors: Solís Corina , Gil-Chavarría Ivet , Rodríguez-Ceja María , Martínez-Carrillo Miguel Ángel , Reza Guadalupe , Canto Carlos , Méndez Grisel , Chávez Efraín 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In recent times, forensic science has increasingly relied on methods that use stable and radioactive isotope analysis to identify human remains. The use of 14C-AMS dating of dental enamel and dentine of an individual allows the estimation of the year of birth, while that of stable isotopes of carbon and oxygen can provide information on their geographical origin. Isotopic analysis of a tissue complements existing identification techniques, enhancing the capacity to refine, exclude, and affirm investigative approaches directed towards individual identification.
The primary aim of this exploratory study is to amalgamate diverse isotopic methodologies conducive to the prompt and accurate identification of a deceased individual. In this manuscript, we elucidate the application of a rapid processing technique for whole molars from individuals with documented ages, employed to ascertain age through 14C-AMS dating. Furthermore, an investigation was undertaken to assess the capacity of carbon and oxygen-stable isotopes in distinguishing regional disparities. To achieve this, we conducted a comparative analysis of tooth samples sourced from individuals residing in three cities within the Mexican Republic: Mexico City in the central region, Oaxaca City in the southern region, and Tepic Nayarit on the western Pacific coast. The age of dental piece formation, as estimated through 14C-AMS, exhibited a precise correlation with the actual age. By means of the stable isotope outcomes, the data disclosed substantial disparities in 13C and 18O abundances among teeth from individuals residing in the three cities.
Instar identification and weight prediction of Ostrinia furnacalis (Guenée) larvae using machine learning
Authors: Feng Xiao , Ullah Farman , Liu Jiali , Ji Yunliang , Abbas Sohail , Liao Siqi , Ali Jamin , Desneux Nicolas , Chen Rizhao 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe Asian corn borer, Ostrinia furnacalis (Guenée), emerges as a significant threat to maize cultivation, inflicting substantial damage upon the crops. Particularly, its larval stage represents a critical point characterised by significant economic consequences on maize yield. To manage the infestation of this pest effectively, timely and precise identification of its larval stages is required. Currently, the absence of techniques capable of addressing this urgent need poses a formidable challenge to agricultural practitioners. To mitigate this issue, the current study aims to establish models conducive to the identification of larval stages. Furthermore, this study aims to devise predictive models for estimating larval weights, thereby enhancing the precision and efficacy of pest management strategies. For this, 9 classification and 11 regression models were established using four feature datasets based on the following features geometry, colour, and texture. Effectiveness of the models was determined by comparing metrics such as accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score, coefficient of determination, root mean squared error, mean absolute error, and mean absolute percentage error. Furthermore, Shapley Additive exPlanations analysis was employed to analyse the importance of features. Our results revealed that for instar identification, the DecisionTreeClassifier model exhibited the best performance with an accuracy of 84%. For larval weight, the SupportVectorRegressor model performed best with R2 of 0.9742. Overall, these findings present a novel and accurate approach to identify instar and predict the weight of O. furnacalis larvae, offering valuable insights for the implementation of management strategies against this key pest.
Mobile habitats for the unseen passengers: the brachyuran crabs on the loggerhead sea turtles
Authors: Hayashi Ryota , Ohtsuchi Naoya 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We report on four brachyuran crabs collected from the carapaces of loggerhead sea turtles Caretta caretta nesting on Yakushima Island in Kagoshima prefecture, Japan. Three of these crab species have not been previously reported as epibionts on sea turtles. Our research suggests that physical damage to a turtle's carapace, such as cracks and holes created by other epibionts like the burrowing barnacle Tubicinella cheloniae, can create unique habitats for these opportunistic crabs.
Export volume trends and the conservation status of commonly targeted ornamental fishes from Malawi
Authors: Msukwa Amulike Victor , Jere Wilson Lazaro 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The export of ornamental fishes from Malawi has received limited attention regarding its sustainability or the conservation status of any threatened species involved in this trade. To identify any species that require specific management actions, we used a negative binomial regression model to examine the relationship between the number of exported fish and year of export, adjusted for fish prices and the number of fish exporters. We also examined the correlation between export volume trends and the conservation status of fish species. We identified three groups of fish species based on their export volume trends: species with no trends, with decreasing trends and with increasing trends. There was no significant correlation between export volume trends and the conservation status of fish species. The export volume trends of individual species appear to be related to the number of exporters, price and, potentially, anthropogenic factors affecting fish populations. Based on our findings we recommend the inclusion of ornamental fishery management issues in a revised Fisheries and Aquaculture Policy. This should include strategies to control overexploitation of species with declining export volume trends, and conservation of threatened species and a ban on their export. We recommend further research to establish the population status of the exploited fish species and to identify any other factors linked to the volume trends of ornamental fish exports.
Size, spines, and primes: the drivers of collar spine numbers among echinostome trematodes
Authors: Presswell Bronwen , Salloum Priscila M. , Bennett Jerusha , Buschang Katherine E. , Poulin Robert 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Some anatomical structures vary greatly in number among species, a phenomenon that often remains unexplained. We investigate interspecific variation in the number of collar spines among trematodes from the superfamily Echinostomatoidea, using a dataset comprising hundreds of species. These trematodes possess a ring of spines around their anterior sucker; in some families, they form 2 arcs on either side of the sucker, with a central gap, whereas in other families, they form a continuous collar with no gap. First, we confirm that even numbers of spines are the norm among species in which they are arranged as 2 arcs with a central gap, while odd numbers (mainly prime numbers) predominate among species in which spines form a continuous collar. Second, we tested whether variation among species in the number of spines might reflect selective pressures. The spines serve to attach the worm to the inside lining of the host gut. Our analysis confirms that spine numbers correlate positively with worm body size among echinostomes, supporting the hypothesis that larger worms require more spines for stronger attachment. Finally, we tested whether phylogenetic conservatism may explain interspecific variation in the number of collar spines, i.e. whether closely related species have more similar numbers of spines than expected by chance due to shared ancestry. Our analysis confirms that spine numbers show strong phylogenetic conservatism across species. Overall, our findings indicate that the number of collar spines, a hallmark of echinostomes, is the product of conserved phylogenetic inheritance overlaid by adaptive functional adjustments.
Exponential turnpike property for particle systems and mean-field limit
Authors: Herty Michael , Zhou Yizhou 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This work is concerned with the exponential turnpike property for optimal control problems of particle systems and their mean-field limit. Under the assumption of the strict dissipativity of the cost function, exponential estimates for both optimal states and optimal control are proven. Moreover, we show that all the results for particle systems can be preserved under the limit in the case of infinitely many particles.
No road with roses in developing countries: gender diversification in firm leadership and total factor productivity
Authors: Bournakis Ioannis , Motta Victor , Vidali Mara E. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The paper investigates the gender-driven disparities in total factor productivity (TFP) between women-owned enterprises (WOEs) and male-owned enterprises (MOEs) across 30 developing countries. Utilizing firm-level data from the World Bank Enterprise Surveys, the study addresses biases in previous gender literature by employing a semi-parametric technique to more accurately measure TFP. The results reveal a significant TFP gap, with WOEs being 5.5% to 6.7% less productive than MOEs, even after controlling for key firm characteristics like age, innovation, human capital, and ownership status. The study attributes this productivity disparity primarily to financial obstacles faced by WOEs, which hinder their ability to innovate and capitalize on opportunities. The lack of access to credit leads to a misallocation of capital, excluding equally efficient women entrepreneurs from financial resources that could stimulate productivity. Contrary to some assumptions, the study finds no evidence that WOEs underperform in sectors with high financial dependence, suggesting that WOEs are not inherently inefficient in their use of capital. Our findings provide causal evidence as we control for selectivity bias in the TFP-WOEs nexus by identifying exogenously the factors that affect financial constraints and innovation.
The effects of bilingual proficiency on the acceptability of motion encoding strategies
Authors: Costa-Silva Jean , Zhang Shulin , Lee-Schoenfeld Vera 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
When describing motion events, English encodes Manner of motion in the verb and Path of motion in a satellite (s-framing). Brazilian Portuguese (BP), however, encodes Path in the verb and elaborates Manner adverbially (v-framing). This study investigates at what stages of L2 proficiency L2BP and English learners’ acceptability ratings converge with those of L1 speakers when rating sentences with Manner elaborated in the verb (Manner-verb) or in an adverb: a prepositional phrase (Manner-prep) or subordinate clause (Manner-AdvClause). Participants (n = 176) consisted of L1/L2English and L1/L2BP speakers. L2ers were grouped according to language proficiency (Elementary, Intermediate and Advanced). Results of ordinal logistic regressions show that Intermediate proficiency is associated with Manner-verb (L2BP) and Manner-prep ratings (L2English), and that Advanced proficiency is associated with Manner-verb (L2English) and Manner-AdvClause judgments (L2English and L2BP). These findings contribute to the limited body of work on the acquisition of v-framed L2s and the development of low-proficiency learners.
Deformation on Rainbow Massif, Mid‐Atlantic Ridge, Illuminated With Microearthquakes Detected by Machine Learning
Authors: Anderson Evan C. , Parnell‐Turner Ross , Sohn Robert A. , Fan Wenyuan 
Published: January 2025

AbstractOceanic detachment fault systems are characteristic of slow‐spreading mid‐ocean ridges, where reduced magma supply leads to increased extension by faulting and exhumation of oceanic core complexes (OCCs). OCCs have complicated structure reflecting the interplay between magmatic, hydrothermal, and tectonic processes. We use microearthquake data from a 9‐month ocean bottom seismometer deployment to image deformation structures in the Rainbow massif on the Mid‐Atlantic Ridge. Using a machine‐learning enabled workflow to obtain an earthquake catalog containing 68,000 events, we find seismicity occurred in distinct clusters that correlate with previously imaged velocity anomalies and dipping subsurface reflections. Our results are consistent with a dipping alteration front within the massif overlying late‐stage intrusions and suggest a transpressional fault accommodates a non‐transform offset north of the massif. Our results demonstrate OCCs continue to deform in a complex way after a detachment fault has been abandoned due to combined effects of tectonic stresses, magmatism, and alteration.
Novel Unified Model for Geofluid Nonlinear Flows in Rock Fractures
Authors: Zhou Jia‐Qing , Gan Fu‐Shuo , Chen Yi‐Feng , Tan Jie , Wang Liangqing , Che Zhi‐Jie , Jiao Jiu Jimmy 
Published: January 2025

AbstractIn this study, we numerically investigated the multi‐scale flow features of 43 types of geofluids (including 18 real geofluids and 25 parametric fluids) within rock fractures under different roughness and hydrodynamic conditions. Our findings demonstrate that the generalized Forchheimer equation, an extension of Darcy's law for nonlinear flows, effectively captures the nonlinear flow features of these diverse fluids. While changes in fluid properties have minimal impact on Darcy's viscous permeability, they significantly influence Forchheimer inertial permeability and the critical Reynolds number. These dependencies are mechanistically attributed to the regulation of eddy growth rate in fractures by fluid properties. Building on these mechanistic insights, we developed two types of models for predicting inertial permeability and critical Reynolds number across various geofluids within a unified framework. One model extrapolates predictions from the results of classical standard water flow, while another enables direct prediction based on the mean and variance of the fracture aperture field.
Reduced Thermal Conductivity of Hydrous Aluminous Silica and Calcium Ferrite‐Type Phase Promote Water Transportation to Earth's Deep Mantle
Authors: Hsieh Wen‐Pin , Ishii Takayuki , Deschamps Frédéric , Tsao Yi‐Chi , Chang Jen‐Wei , Criniti Giacomo 
Published: January 2025

AbstractSubduction of oceanic slabs introduces chemical heterogeneities in the Earth's interior, which could further induce thermal, seismic, and geodynamical anomalies. Thermal conductivity of slab minerals crucially controls the thermal evolution and dynamics of the subducted slab and ambient mantle, while such an important transport property remains poorly constrained. Here we have precisely measured high pressure‐temperature thermal conductivity of hydrous aluminous post‐stishovite (ΛHy‐Al‐pSt) and aluminum‐rich calcium ferrite‐type phase (ΛCF), two important minerals in the subducted basaltic crust in the lower mantle. Compared to the dry aluminous stishovite and pure stishovite, hydration substantially reduces the ΛHy‐Al‐pSt, resulting in ∼9.7–13.3 W m−1 K−1 throughout the lower mantle. Surprisingly, the ΛCF remains at ∼3–3.8 W m−1 K−1 in the lower mantle, few‐folds lower than previously assumed. Our data modeling offers better constraints on the thermal conductivity of the subducted oceanic crust from mantle transition zone to the lowermost mantle region, which is less thermally conductive than previously modeled. Our findings suggest that if the post‐stishovite carries large amounts of water to the lower mantle, the poorer heat conduction through the basaltic crust reduces the slab's temperature, which not only allows the slab bringing more hydrous minerals to greater depth, but also increases slab's density and viscosity, potentially impacting the stability of heterogeneous structures at the lowermost mantle.
International myeloma working group immunotherapy committee recommendation on sequencing immunotherapy for treatment of multiple myeloma
Authors: Costa Luciano J. , Banerjee Rahul , Mian Hira , Weisel Katja , Bal Susan , Derman Benjamin A. , Htut Maung M. , Nagarajan Chandramouli , Rodriguez Cesar , Richter Joshua , Frigault Matthew J. , Ye Jing C. , van de Donk Niels W. C. J. , Voorhees Peter M. , Puliafito Benjamin , Bahlis Nizar , Popat Rakesh , Chng Wee Joo , Ho P. Joy , Kaur Gurbakhash , Kapoor Prashant , Du Juan , Schjesvold Fredrik , Berdeja Jesus , Einsele Hermann , Cohen Adam D. , Mikhael Joseph , Biru Yelak , Rajkumar S. Vincent , Lin Yi , Martin Thomas G. , Chari Ajai 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
T-cell redirecting therapy (TCRT), specifically chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy (CAR T-cells) and bispecific T-cell engagers (TCEs) represent a remarkable advance in the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM). There are several products available around the world and several more in development targeting primarily B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA) and G protein–coupled receptor class C group 5 member D (GRPC5D). The relatively rapid availability of multiple immunotherapies brings the necessity to understand how a certain agent may affect the safety and efficacy of a subsequent immunotherapy so MM physicians and patients can aim at optimal sequential use of these therapies. The International Myeloma Working Group conveyed panel of experts to review patient and disease-related factors affecting efficacy and safety of immunotherapy, summarize existing information on sequencing therapy and provide a series of core recommendations.
Social epidemiology of early adolescent nutrition
Authors: Nagata Jason M. , Helmer Christiane K. , Wong Jennifer , Diep Thang , Domingue Sydnie K. , Do Richard , Ervin Ruthie , Mehta Arjun S. , Al-shoaibi Abubakr A. A. , Gooding Holly C. , Ganson Kyle T. , Testa Alexander , Baker Fiona C. , Garber Andrea K. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
This study aimed to investigate associations between sociodemographic factors and dietary intake among a diverse population of early adolescents ages 10–13 years in the United States.

Methods
We examined data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study in Year 2 (2018–2020, ages 10–13 years, N = 10,280). Multivariable linear regression models were conducted to estimate the adjusted associations between sociodemographic factors (age, sex, race and ethnicity, household income, parental education) and dietary intake of various food groups, measured by the Block Kids Food Screener.

Results
Older age among early adolescents was associated with slightly less fruit, whole grain, and dairy and more monounsaturated fat consumption. Male sex was associated with a lower intake of fruit, fruit juice, vegetables, whole grains, and fiber and a higher intake of meat/poultry/fish, added sugars, fat, as well as higher glycemic index and glycemic load compared to female sex. Racial and ethnic minority status, lower household income, and lower parental education were generally associated with less fruit and vegetable consumption and more added sugars.

Conclusion
These findings can guide public health interventions to reduce diet quality disparities by targeting key populations and addressing differences according to socioeconomic status, sex, and race.

Impact

Sociodemographic disparities in diet quality have been studied, but none have explored sociodemographic associations with specific food groups and components (e.g., different types of fat) in early adolescence.

In this demographically diverse sample of 10–13-year-old early adolescents in the US, we found sociodemographic disparities in dietary intake across various food groups.

Most notably, male sex, racial and ethnic minority status, lower household income, and lower parental education were associated with less fruit and vegetable consumption and more added sugars.
Recombinant XBB.1.5 boosters induce robust neutralization against KP.2- and KP.3-included JN.1 sublineages
Authors: Yang Jingyun , He Xuemei , Shi Huashan , He Cai , Lei Hong , He Heng , Yang Li , Wang Wei , Shen Guobo , Yang Jinliang , Zhao Zhiwei , Song Xiangrong , Wang Zhenling , Lu Guangwen , Li Jiong , Wei Yuquan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The newly emerged variants of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) demonstrate resistance to present therapeutic antibodies as well as the capability to evade vaccination-elicited antibodies. JN.1 sublineages were demonstrated as one of the most immune-evasive variants, showing higher neutralization resistance compared to XBB.1.5. In this study, serum samples were collected from adult participants including those who had gone through the BA.5/BF.7, EG.5/HK.3 and XBB/JN.1 infection waves, characterized by different infection and vaccination histories. We evaluated the neutralization in these serum samples against pseudoviruses of Omicron lineages. We further investigated humoral immune response of recombinant XBB vaccines against Omicron variants and estimated the neutralization resistance of JN.1 sublineages, including KP.2 and KP.3. Our results showed that sera from previous circulating Omicron subvariant breakthrough infections exhibited low neutralization against pseudoviruses of Omicron lineages. The GMTs of 50% neutralization against all tested pseudoviruses were significantly elevated in sera from individuals who received WSK-V102C or WSK-V102D boosters. Importantly, the GMTs of 50% neutralization in serum samples from individuals 4 months after a WSK-V102D booster against XBB.1.5, JN.1, JN.1.13, KP.2 and KP.3 pseudoviruses were 3479, 1684, 1397, 1247 and 1298, with 9.86-, 9.79-, 8.73-, 8.66- and 8.16-fold increase compared to those without booster, respectively, indicating that boosting with XBB.1.5 subunit vaccines still induced strong antibody responses against JN.1 sublineages. However, JN.1 sublineages, including KP.2 and KP.3, revealed more than 2-fold decreases in neutralizing antibody titers compared to XBB.1.5, suggesting significantly enhanced neutralization evasion and the necessity of boosters based on JN.1, KP.2 or KP.3.