bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Automobile Receivable Securitizations
Authors: Raynes Sylvain , Rutledge Ann 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Of the three asset classes discussed here, auto-loan-backed securities are by far the most liquid and intuitive. Although they are one of the least “exotic “ structured securities available in the capital markets, automobile securitizations nevertheless present interesting challenges. Most vehicles sold in the United States are not paid for in cash. They are financed by banks, finance subsidiaries of large automobile manufacturers, or specialty finance companies at interest rates that vary with the quality of the underlying borrower, not the automobile. Although the public has had a love affair with automobiles for decades, most drivers do not realize that a significant percentage of their loans are packaged into pools and transferred to SPEs, out of which securities are created and sold to investors. The economic agents of our structured universe are the individual obligors holding loans in the securitized pools; however, the creditworthiness of automobile loan-or lease-backed securities depends on both the driver as obligor and the vehicle as collateral to be liquidated if the obligor defaults.
Late-Life Depression And The Vascular Hypothesis
Authors: Krishnan K Ranga R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The etiology of depression and the factors affecting the course of depression in the elderly are not well understood. A genetic etiology is generally thought to be of less importance in patients presenting with depression for the first time later in life. Maier et al. (1991) clearly established that late-onset depression (LOD) patients have a higher familial rate of depression than agematched controls, but the rate in LOD is less than in early-onset depression (EOD). Thus, at least in LOD, other reasons may play a significant role. An issue that has to be kept in mind is that the dichotomous classification of depression in late life by age-at-onset is also a fluid concept that has significant limitations. This includes the fact that defining the age-at-onset is diffcult; is it onset of first symptoms or onset of a defined syndrome? Another issue may be memory and recall of depression. A final concern is that individuals with EOD may develop in later life characteristics of LOD. However, despite these limitations and problems, the concept that patients with older age-at-onset are different from those with a younger age-at-onset has gained ground.
Major Depressive Disorder In Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Zubenko Georges. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Clinically significant depression is a common and important complication of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) that increases the suffering of patients and their families, produces excess disability, promotes institutionalization, and hastens death (Olin et al., 2002; U.S. DHHS, 1999). Estimates of the prevalence of depressive symptoms among patients with AD have been as high as 86% (Merriam et al., 1988). Most cross-sectional estimates of the coexistence of syndromal major depressive disorder (MDD) in elderly outpatients with probable AD range from about 15% to 25% (for reviews, see Mulsant and Zubenko, 1994; Olin et al., 2002; Teri and Reifler, 1987; Wragg and Jeste, 1989). The recurrent nature of this behavioral complication of AD suggests that an even larger proportion of patients eventually experience a major depressive episode (MDE) before death (Zubenko, 1992; Zubenko et al., 2003).
Factors Affecting Leadership and Human Capital Management
Authors: Miles Stephen A , Ashby Meredith D 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
At the threshold of a new millennium, corporations are faced with an unprecedented series of factors, both external and internal, that are accelerating the pace of change and disruption and ceaselessly reshaping the business land-scape. Internally, the changing demographics and increasing diversity of the workforce are posing challenges to the traditional ways of structuring operations and of hiring, managing, and incenting employees. Externally, the relentless pace of technological advancement has given rise to a truly global marketplace, rife with opportunity as well as with danger—from previously undreamed-of access to new markets to the incomprehensible stresses of terrorism.
These internal and external factors are constantly meshing, forming a kaleidoscope of ever-shifting scenarios in which companies must produce, package, and market their goods and services—that is, provide value. In today’s environment, “business as usual” clearly will not do. The need for leadership has remained throughout time. However, in today’s fast-moving, volatile, and complex world, the need for inspired leadership, for substantive leadership, for distributed and meritocratic leadership, has never been more critical.
Leadership
Authors: Thompson John T 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
I’m often asked about the “War for Talent” and what the landscape for talent looks like. I believe that there is a huge shortage of highly talented people having domain experience in relevant industry segments or with relevant business models but, in particular, there is a dearth of leadership skills. By leadership skills, I refer to the attributes needed to succeed in today’s environment, such as the ability to energize a group of people to take on an objective and achieve it. In turnaround situations, it is the ability to take a company forward in terms of scale and scope. With all the mergers and acquisitions we’ve seen lately—which all look great in the short term but are being tested now in a tougher economic climate—leadership is the ability to come into a company and make cultures fit and work. Leadership is a rare asset that, on a statistical basis, only a handful of people have. To really energize a company in turnarounds, to mend broken cultures, to create long-term success out of mergers and acquisitions, to lead companies that are in the tank financially or are in a real growth mode but don’t have the management skills or the team to scale the company through the next couple of revolutions of its life cycle—these are all leadership skills that are all too often missing from the talent pool. And, of course, there are many companies today in need of an injection of new leadership.
Establishing Competitive Advantage in Today’s Market Environment
Authors: Gadiesh Orit 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Establishing a competitive advantage is vital to every leader’s agenda. A competitive advantage is defined by a company’s unique offer to specific customer segments, based on its cost position or capabilities that are superior to its competitors’. In order to be successful, a firm needs to communicate that advantage very simply to all stakeholders. Today, however, more than ever, a firm also needs to ensure that its strategic approach to achieving competitive advantage is understood and executed at all levels of its organization.
In this book’s introduction, the editors outline some of the significant pressures facing businesses in today’s market environment that affect leadership and the management of human capital, such as advances in technology, globalization, the war for qualified talent, the flattening of the organization, the importance of intangible assets, and the speed required to make and implement decisions consistent with a company’s strategy.
Homicide
Authors: Renteln Alison Dundes 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The cultural defense cases that have attracted the greatest attention are those involving killing. Individuals lose self-control for different reasons, which sometimes, unfortunately, leads to violent acts. What precipitates the loss of control can vary from one society to the next. This chapter presents an overview of homicide cases in which defendants raised cultural defenses. Despite the lack of a formal cultural defense, in a surprisingly large number of cases, courts have been willing to entertain arguments based on culture.
The Dead
Authors: Renteln Alison Dundes 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
There have been many culture conflicts over the dead, despite the widespread belief that the dead deserve to be treated with respect. Culture conflicts over corpses give rise to lawsuits because there are myriad beliefs about the proper methods for the disposal of dead bodies based on different conceptions of ‘the body’ and of the afterlife. In this chapter I examine legal disputes in which different folk laws concerning dead bodies are at issue, and I explain why failure to comply with these rules is distressing to members of the community in question. The central argument is that the law ought to permit diverse cultural groups to follow their way of death to as great an extent as possible. This is consistent with the approach I have defended throughout—the principle of maximum accommodation.
Introduction
Authors: Chan Su Han , Erickson John , Wang Ko 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A traditional real estate investment trust (REIT) is essentially a closed-end fund created exclusively for holding real properties, mortgage-related assets, or both. This investment vehicle was created by the U.S. Congress in 1960 for the express purpose of providing investors with an opportunity to invest in real properties and, at the same time, to enjoy the same benefits provided to shareholders in investment trusts.
Advisor Puzzle
Authors: Chan Su Han , Erickson John , Wang Ko 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Imagine that you hire a broker to purchase a property or to arrange the financing of the property for you, only to find in the end that the seller of the property or the bank who loans you the money is actually the broker you hired. This scenario seems unthinkable in the real world; however, a similar type of conflict of interest has been endemic to the REIT industry for a long time, even today.
The Impact of Institutional Investors
Authors: Chan Su Han , Erickson John , Wang Ko 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
You are a casual investor in the stock market who does not do much research on individual stocks. One day, two of your friends give you their suggestions on which stock you should buy. The first friend is a casual investor, just like you. The other friend is the head of the research division of a big pension fund. You know both friends are equally smart but you can take advice from only one of them. We guess that you will probably pick the stock recommended by the friend working for the pension fund. Why? You think this friend knows more about the stock he or she recommends.
Diversification versus Focus
Authors: Chan Su Han , Erickson John , Wang Ko 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In a room full of REIT managers, all that is needed to start a heated debate is for someone to say, “Should we concentrate or diversify our investments?” Indeed, all practitioners and academics alike have strong views on this issue and those on each side seem to have good theoretical justifications for the positions they hold. The best way to end the argument would seem to be the use of empirical evidence; yet, although there are some empirical studies on the issue, the results are mixed.
REIT Security Offerings
Authors: Chan Su Han , Erickson John , Wang Ko 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Investors in initial public offerings (IPOs) of common stocks in the United States earned, on average, about an 18% return on the first day of trading during the 1970-2000 period. Recent examples from the Internet industry show an even higher price jump on the first day-as high as 697 .5% for VA Linux, which went public in December 1999. However, if you are an investor in the REIT IPO market, do not get too excited when you are allocated some REIT IPO shares. The average price increase of these shares on the first trading day was only 0.21% during the 1970-2000 period.
The Predictability of the REIT Stock Market
Authors: Chan Su Han , Erickson John , Wang Ko 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The idea that security prices might follow consistent, predictable patterns that would lead to profitable stock-trading strategies is one that has fascinated investors since securities exchanges were first invented. An investor can become very rich very quickly if he or she is able to earn an aboveaverage profit consistently by simply using public information and a selfdevised profitable trading strategy. Indeed, to devise a profitable trading strategy is the dream of every investor, including REIT investors.
The Future of REITs
Authors: Chan Su Han , Erickson John , Wang Ko 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The REIT concept that was first introduced to public investors in the early 1960s has changed significantly over the past 40 years. During this period of evolution, REIT managers have become more seasoned and REITs themselves have become more structured. Security analysts and pension fund managers are paying more attention to REITs as their capitalization and trading volume have grown. These changes have caused Wall Street to recognize REITs as an increasingly important asset class that warrants greater attention.
Introduction
Authors: Guglielmo Thomas A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In January 1942, Ed Peterson, an African American from Chicago, wrote a letter to the Chicago Defender. With America’s wartime propaganda machine glorifying the nation’s past, Peterson was irritated that this past so often ignored African Americans. Instead, thrifty, hard-working European immigrants supposedly made America—settling its untamed wilderness, laboring in its factories, and farming and peopling its vast frontier. “One would imagine,” wrote Peterson, “that the colored race never did any thing to build up the country.” Moreover, he argued, European immigrants arrived in the United States with privileges that most African Americans could only dream of:
The immigrants had all the advantages of coming to the open American white freedom while Negroes had to continue in bondage, at least of thought—for a long while due to the prejudices of the native whites. The immigrant was given encouragement and in time full opportunity to share in the social life of the whites anywhere. ... The white immigrant found his unions and his white congressional politician. . . . The white immigrant finds his way to the top social ranks, though at one time he was a pal of the colored youths who might have lived in his neighborhood. Friends in childhood, in maturity the white one lives in the quiet, healthful suburbs, while the colored one lives in the dusty, dirty restricted neighborhood and can never leave it.
Early Italian Chicago
Authors: Guglielmo Thomas A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Nineteenth-century Chicago was the quintessential boom town. When incorporated in 1833, it was a lonely, swampy outpost of several hundred people located where a small river ran into Lake Michigan. No more than fifty years later, it was one of the largest cities and most important manufacturing and commercial centers in the world. With jobs aplenty in any number of industries—steel, clothing, timber, packing, mail-order, railroads—workers flocked to the city from all over the United States, much of Europe, and, at different times, parts of Asia and Latin America. As a result, the city’s population exploded, going from just over 100,000 in 1860 to over ten times that number thirty years later. By 1920, Chicago had just over 2.7 million inhabitants, making it the second most populous city in America and one of the largest in the world. And while roughly an equal share of native-born Americans and immigrants made Chicago’s spectacular growth possible, the city increasingly became a foreign-born Mecca during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. By 1900, immigrants and their children constituted almost 80 percent of Chicago’s inhabitants.
Riot and Relations
Authors: Guglielmo Thomas A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the fall of 1929, the Chicago Evening Post wrote a glowing, fullpage tribute to the city’s Italian population. It praised “Our Modern Romans” for being the “sons of the men who founded the empire of Caesar . . . [and who] carried the conquering eagles over all Gaul, and across the sea to Ultima Thule.” The newspaper was equally impressed with Italians’ more recent success in Chicago—their speedy assimilation, strong work ethic, and impressive social mobility. Offered as proof positive of the first of these virtues was the following statement: “Today it does not matter whether his [an Italian’s] neighbors are Irish, Germans or Swedes. It is very seldom that he inquires who are the owners of adjacent property, so long as they belong to the Caucasian race.”
This chapter examines neighborhood relations in Chicago between the Color Riot of 1919 and the mid-1930s, a period when the first wave of African-American and Mexican migration (i.e., non-”Caucasians”) arrived during and after World War I, and when, because of restriction laws, Italian immigration effectively ended and more stable Chicago communities emerged. On the one hand, the Evening Post’s observation was accurate.
The Duty to Use the Safest Procreative Method Available
Authors: Peters Philip G 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A few years ago, Italian authorities shut down a Florentine sperm bank that was selling the sperm of a man infected with hepatitis C and genital herpes. Because his diseases were transmissible through his sperm, the failure to exclude him had risked the health of both the women inseminated with his sperm and the children so conceived. A few months ago, a similar incident occurred in California involving the failure to screen out a donor with a family history of polycystic kidney disease.’ It seems self-evident that management practices like these threaten the welfare of future children. Failure to screen donors inflicts unnecessary suffering.
Treatments Too Dangerous to Use Even as a Last Resort
Authors: Peters Philip G 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The previous chapters have explored situations in which patients and clinics either intentionally or accidentally take an unnecessarily risky route to reproduction. In some situations, however, even the safest available procedure may be too dangerous. This chapter asks whether there are some circumstances in which the risks associated with a particular technique are so serious that the technique should never be used, even if no safer alternative exists.’ Consider, for example, the future reproductive method that so entrances the media and the politicians-cloning. Cloning is likely to remain dangerous for many years. That is one reason why Japan and the European Union have outlawed its use. These prohibitions beg the question of how dangerous a reproductive technology must be before it is too risky to use at all, even as a treatment of last resort.
Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection
Authors: Peters Philip G 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
ICSI was developed as a treatment for male infertility. It helps men whose sperm are unable to reach and penetrate their wives’ eggs. To overcome that problem, infertility clinics retrieve an egg from the wife and inject it with one of the husband’s sperm:’ thus the name “intracytoplasmic sperm injection” (ICSI). Critics fear that the children who are conceived using this technique will have high birth-defect rates because the procedure defeats the natural process for culling defective sperm.
It’s Not Just Growing Pains
Authors: Lehman Thomas J A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This is a guide to the common causes of bone, joint, muscle, and arthritis pain in childhood for both parents and professionals. This book will help parents and their physicians understand what is causing children to have pain, how to make sure they have the proper diagnosis, how to understand the blood tests and other diagnostic procedures being done, and how to make sure they get the best possible results for their children. Chapters include coverage on pain in different areas of the body, sports injuries, juvenile arthritis, Lyme disease, fibromyalgia, systemic lupus erythematosus, scleroderma, Raynaud’s phenomenon, Kawasaki disease, dermatomyositis, osteoporosis, and more. Dr. Lehman also discusses medications and alternative treatments, all written in a clear style easily accessible to the non-professional.
Uveitis: Eye Complications of Juvenile Arthritis and Related Conditions
Authors: Lehman Thomas J A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Virginia was a nine-year-old girl who had pauciarticular onset JA. Her arthritis began when she was two years old but came under good control with medication. She had a flare-up of arthritis in her knee at six that was easily controlled. Because she was antinuclear antibody (ANA)-positive, her family had her eyes checked every three months, as recommended. There were never problems with her eyes. Shortly after her eighth birthday, her parents separated and Virginia moved out of state with her mother. Her father brought her in for a routine check of her arthritis when she returned to visit him two years later. Virginia said she was doing fine and had had no problems with her arthritis. However, when I went to examine her I could not see into her right eye. It was quickly apparent she could not see out of the eye. When asked, she admitted she had slowly noted decreasing vision with the right eye, but she had not said anything because she did not want to upset her mother. Her mother had had too many other things on her mind after the divorce and had not arranged for a new ophthalmologist to monitor Virginia. By the time I discovered the problem, the vision in the right eye could not be saved.
Spondyloarthropathies: Enthesitis-associated Arthritis
Authors: Lehman Thomas J A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Fifteen-year-old Samantha initially began to complain of hip pain after a skiing accident. When repeated evaluations of her injury were negative, she was told the hip was “bruised.” Although she improved with physical therapy, the family became concerned when she awoke a few months later with pain in the opposite hip. A family friend assured them these were all the symptoms of Lyme disease. However, visits to several doctors confirmed that all of her tests for Lyme disease were negative. Samantha began experiencing intermittent pain in both hips and occasional knee pain. When she went for long car rides, she could barely get out of the car. When she did, she walked like “a little old lady” for ten to fifteen minutes until she loosened up. She was diagnosed with fibromyalgia by an adult rheumatologist. On physical examination, she was tender in several fingers. She nearly jumped off the table when I tapped on her sacroiliac joints. She had pain in the tendons around her knees and in her ankles.
Lyme Disease
Authors: Lehman Thomas J A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Frankie was a delightful twelve-year-old who loved to play sports. Halfway through football season, he began to complain of knee pains. When his symptoms didn’t improve, he was taken to his pediatrician. At first the pediatrician thought Frankie simply “twisted it.” When Frankie was unable to continue football because the knee was swollen and painful, he was referred to an orthopedist. Three months later Frankie continued to have pain in the knee that prevented him from playing sports. With activity the knee often became swollen but would improve over a week to ten days. He was sent to me to treat his “JRA.” The father was sure he had been tested for Lyme disease, but careful review of the records revealed that the test had never been done. The orthopedist was sure the pediatrician had checked, and the pediatrician was sure the orthopedist had. When I did the Lyme test, it was strongly positive and Frankie improved dramatically when we treated him with antibiotics.