bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physiological changes of pneumoperitoneum during laproscopic cholecystectomy
Authors: O. AL-Muhammadi Mohammad , Mosa AL-Rekabi Adel , Salim AL-Mosayi Hamida 
Published: January 2024

Background: Recently, the frequency and indication for laparoscopic surgery have increased, and laparoscopic cholecystectomy has been widely accepted as an alternative to laparotomy.To carry out the laparoscopic procedure, a pressure gas, most commonly co2 is used. It is important to know the pathophysiological changes that are caused by an increase in intra-abdominal pressure and by the absorption of co2 from an co2 pneumoperitoneum. Aim this study; aims to estimate some physiological changes that caused by pneumoperitoneum during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Patients and methods: one hundred patients were included in this study randomly selected and consisted of (80 females) and (20 males) their ages were between 19-65 years. Those patients were underwent elective aparoscopic cholecystectomy. we measured some clinical and biochamical parameters (pulmonary function tests, liver function tests, serum urea and creatinine) 24hr before operation as control and 24hr after operation , also we measured end tidal co2(ETCO2),serum aldosterone, potassium and sodium before insufflation of CO2(as control)and at the end of insufflation ,blood pressure and heart rate recorded at different time throughout the operation.
Results: there is a statistically significant changes in haemodynamic responses (systolic, diastolic and heart rate) after pneumoperitoneum and changes in position; Pulmonary function tests (VC, FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC) show highly significant decrease (p<0.01) ,highly significant increase (p<0.01) in serum level of ALT and AST enzymes 24hrs post-operative . There was highly significant increase (p<0.01) in ETCO2, serum aldosterone and serum potassium level . Serum sodium, urea and creatinine show no significant changes.Conclusion: we concluded that laparoscopic cholecystectomy causes notable physiological alteration intraoperatively and postoperatively, caused mainly by pneumoperitoneum and change in position.
Efficacy of oral doxycycline in treatment of red face syndrome subjects : A prospective noncontrolled case-series study
Authors: Abdul-Jaleel Usama , Agab Sarhan Aqeel , H. Ganduh Safaa 
Published: January 2024

Background: Red face syndrome is a chronic burning erythema of the face that occurs after prolonged application of topical corticosteroid and characterized by flare-ups after trial of corticosteroid withdrawal.It is mediated by nitric oxide overproduction. Doxycycline was found to inhibit inducible nitric oxide synathase .Objective: to assess the efficacy of oral doxycyline and corticosteroid withdrawal in hastening the resolution of red face syndromeMethods : In this prospective non-controlled case series study, 68 patients were identified as having red face syndrome by dermatologist in Al-Diwanyia Teaching Hospital , from July 2011 to September 2011 and they have been treated with oral doxycycline and corticosteroid withdrawal.
Results : 66 patients completed the study while 2 patients stopped treatment because of severe gastric upset .Oral doxycycline was significantly able to decrease the total score of the clinical complaints after 4 weeks treatment (7.3 0.46) compared to baseline (12 significant decrease in the total scores at baseline (12 0.32) (P<0.05).Conclusion : oral doxycycline seems to be effective in treatment of red face syndrome
Evaluation of treatment modalities of acute idiopathic throm- bocytopenic purpura in Al-zahraa teaching hospital in Al-Najaf
Authors: A . AL-Bakaa Aymen 
Published: January 2024

Background: Acute idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura(I.T.P) is a bleeding disorder in which the immune system for unknown reason produce antibodies against platelets, which are necessary for normal blood clotting resulting in decrease number of circulating platelets, manifested itself by bleeding tendency, easy brusing or extravasation of blood from capillaries in the skin and mucous membrane .Objective: to choose the most appropriate therapy for acute idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura management .Methods : 65 patients were enrolled in this retrospective study, who were admitted to AL-Zahraa teaching hospital from January 2000 to January 2010 . Relevant information were collected according to preceding data collection sheet that include age, sex, initial hemoglobin and platelets count, treatment given, response to therapyâ€¦These patients subdivided into 3 groups according to initial drug used for their management either prednisolone, I.V.immunoglobulin-G, or anti-D. The response was analyzed according to rapid rise of platelets number in the pre-treatment state. chronic cases of I.T.P were excluded from this study .Results: All patients were aged from 2-12 years with peaks of 2-5 years. Sex ratio (female\male) of 1:1.7 .Our study showed that out of 65 patients, 37(57%) of them were assigned as group 1 who received prednisolone as a conventional therapy ,the response was noted in 31( 86.5%) after few days of treatment. Regarding group 2 patients received I.V immunoglobulin-G, the response of platelets rise was noted in 16( 89%) of cases out of 18 patients . While(10) patients in group 3 who received anti-D as main line of treatment to Rh-positive individuals, the response is observed in only 6( 60%) of cases .Conclusion: Regarding various treatment modalities of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura ,it has been noted that oral prednisolone is the best, single, readily available, inexpensive drug that can be taken orally and as outpatient .Recommendation:The availability of other treatment options such as I.V-immunoglobulin-G should be adopted in our hospitals in cases of life- threatening illness as it induces more rapid rise in platelets in comparison with other drugs.
Detection of major virulence factor of Entamoeba histolytica by using PCR technique
Authors: T.Nimnim Al-Damerchi Ail , N.Al-Ebrahimi Henadi 
Published: January 2024

Aim of the study: This study was undertaken to detect the major virulence factors of the intestinal parasite E.histolytica by using PCR technique, and to study the prevalence of this parasite in Al-Diwanyia Governorate.
Patients and method: Stool samples were collected from one hundred eighty- six patients suffering from acute diarrhea, 146 of them had bloody diarrhea. Their ages vary from one to seventy six years old at the period between (December 2011 and June 2012). Microscopic examination with wet mount and concentration method as general stool examination (GSE) were done to all samples, ELISA assay and PCR were done to all samples.
Result: the results showed that 126 samples out of 186 were microscopically positive for E.histolytica. To detect the antigens of E.histolytica from stool, ELISA assay was done for all samples, 89 samples out of 186 were positive. To detect the major virulence factors (V.F.) (lectin, cysteine proteinase, and amoebapore) of E.histolytica, PCR technique was conducted, by using specific primers for E.histolytica, the results showed that 62 samples out of 186 were positive, out of these positive samples, there were 55 samples positive for lectin, 58 samples were positive for amoebapore, and all samples (62) were positive for cysteine proteinase.
Conclusion: the study show that PCR technique and ELISA assay are much specific and sensitive more than microscopic examination for detecting E.histolytica and distinct from non pathogen species.
Physiological Changes And Clinical Findings In Females Textile Factory Workers
Authors: Jone Hamza Saad , Hassan Abbas Amjed , Sawadi Hamoud Samir 
Published: January 2024

About 60 million people worldwide work in the textile or clothing industry. The conditions of working and the dust that produced from processing of cotton in industries can cause many morbidities to the health of workers. Many recent studies have found a high ratio of chronic diseases especially chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in those workers. This study was done to assess the effect of working in textile industry from physiological and clinical points of view. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 75 randomly selected textile factory workers, all subjects were females. Information was collected through interview, in addition to physical examination and some needed investigations were performed including: packed cell volume (PCV),white blood cell count (WBC), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), random blood sugar (RBS), blood urea (Bur), serum creatinine (Scr), serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP), electrocardiography (ECG), echocardiography, chest x-ray (CXR) and general urine examination (GUE), in addition to pulmonary function tests (PFTs) using portable medical spirometer. The results of this study was shown that the mean duration of exposure of workers to cotton dust was 15.67Â±4.86 years, the higher percentage of workers had low back pain (LBP) (85%), while lower percentage of them had contact dermatitis (27%), urinary tract infection (23%), while 2% of workers had left ventricular hypertrophy as revealed by ECG and echocardiography. Regarding the mean values of blood parameters, the study showed no significant difference between workers and control groups apart from ESR changes (26.8 Â± 15.95 vs. 8.3 Â± 3.3 with P â‰¤ 0.05). Regarding the respiratory findings, the highest percentage of workers complained from shortness of breath (45.3%), some of them had no symptoms (17.3%), severity of symptoms was moderate restriction in most workers (24%), the study also showed negative non-significant relation between duration of exposure and severity of respiratory impairment (r = 0.1, P= 0.2). In conclusion; this study provides evidence of a strong relationship between exposure to cotton dust and respiratory impairments, also there was a considerable percentage of workers had muscular and dermatolo
The value of rapid semi-automated morphometric analysis system in predicting malignancy in thyroid follicular neoplasm
Authors: Wali Ali Thair 
Published: January 2024

Aims: To constuct and evaluate a rapid semiautomated system in discriminating malignant from benign follicular thyroid neoplasms. Methods: Sixty formalin fixed paraffin embeded blocks of follicular thyroidneoplasms were retreived and slides were prepared and H and E stained. A morphometric system was constructed to be as rapid as possible and was tested.Results: No signficant difference was found in ratio of largest nuclear to smallest nuclear diameter between follicualr adenoma and follicualr carcinoma groups.Conclusion: Rapid semiautomated morphometric analysis is of no help in predicting malignancy in follicular thyroid neoplasm.
Identification of fungal and Bacterial contamination in local and imported chips and juices in Al-Diwaneyah province
Authors: Abdulameer kadhim Saba , Ebrahim Lujain , R.Mahmood Hussein 
Published: January 2024

20 samples of chips and juices local and imported were collected from the local markets of AL-Diwaniyah province, including 10 samples of juices (Al-shahir, Teama apple, Natura apple, Tazech orange, Ghalia, Yomme, Our kid, Sunich, Tazaech choctel, Tazaech Red grapes ) and 10 samples of chips (Popcorn Al-Batal, Chips Dunya, Hendereen, Chips Al-Fawaz, Chips Salwan, Sakr Babil). Max, Lay's, Hala, Popcorn and Panda). The microbiological examinations were conducted to investigate the bacteria and fungi related with the contamination of chips and juices. The results showed that most of the products were contaminated with different bacterial species and in varying numbers. In the juice samples, the two producers (Sunich, Tazaech choctel) were found to be contaminated with Staphylococcus Streptococcus. The other samples were intact and the products (chips Hala , Popcorn Panda , Trabeesh Mr. Max , Popcorn Al-Batal, Chips Al –Fawaz) were also contaminated with Stahpi and strepto. Actinomyces isolated only from the juice samples,whereas The fungus samples included Pencillium, Fusarium, in addition to Actinomyces were isolated from chips , which appeared in most of the samples collected.
The value of highly specific C-reactive protein HS-CRP in migraine headache
Authors: Khalil Hussein 
Published: January 2024

Background: Migraine is a well known neurologic disease, ordinarily portrayed by intermittent assaults of incapacitating headache and manifestations of autonomic nervous system disturbances. In about 33% patients, headache attacks are joined by transient “focal neurologic aura manifestations”. Migraine is a neurovascular disease accompanied by cranial vascular contractile dysfunction, neurogenic inflammation and cortical spreading depression. Brain tissue activation results in the production of peptides by the perivascular trigeminal areas which lead to an inflammatory response with dilation of extraparenchymal blood vessels. Inflammatory vasculopathy accompany repeated assaults of migraine attacks. A number of studies showed the elevation of certain inflammatory markers in association with migraine such as adhesion molecules, interleukins and C-reactive protein (CRP).
Aim of the study: To evaluate the role of HS-CRP in patients with migraine
Patients and methods: Current cased control study included 100 patients with migraine headache and 100 apparently healthy subjects. Variables included in the present study are: age, gender and the level of highly specific C-reactive protein (HS-CRP). The study was conducted at the neurology unit, Al-Dewaniyah teaching hospital, Al-dewaniyah province, Iraq. The study started on January 2018 and ended at June 2018.
Results: Current study included 100 migraine patients with a mean age of 31.46 ±5.75 years and 100 control subjects with a mean age of 30.55 ±5.54 years and there was no significant difference in mean age between the two groups (P=0.255). Patients group included 23 men (23%) and 77 women (77%) whereas, control group included 24 men (24%) and 76 women (76%); no significant difference was encountered between the two groups with respect to gender (P=0.868). The level of Hs CRP in terms of median and inter-quartile range (IQR) in patients group was significantly higher than that of control group, 4.6 (4.9) versus 1.5 (2) µg/dl (P<0.001). There was no significant difference in the level of Hs CRP between men and women in patients group, 5.3 (5.7) versus 4.6 (4.8) µg/dl (P=0.680), as shown in figure 2. There was no significant correlation between age and level of Hs CRP in patients group (r = -0.056, P =0.581).
Conclusion: The present study showed that Hs CRP is significantly higher in patients with migraine headache and this may explain the inflammatory role in the pathogenesis and prognosis of migraine headache.
Epidemiological And Molecular Characteristics Of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis In Al-Diwanyiah hospital
Authors: Jassim abdlkadhim Suhad 
Published: January 2024

Aims of study: The current study aimed to epidemiological identification and molecular detection of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Diwanyiah province by using the nested PCR method.
Material and methods: The present study include (145) patient came to the dermatology lab. of Al-Diwanyiah hospital with suspected cutaneous leishmaniasis at period from (September 2016 to the April 2017). Epidemiological finding including study of age, sex and periods of infection, than, (50) suspected patient samples out of (145) patients samples undergo to performed Nested PCR technique, the frozen skin lesion samples were exposed to genomic DNA extraction step and Nested PCR was carried out by using specific primer for Kinetoplast DNA (kDNA) for detection and identification cutaneous Leishmania species, such as L. major and L. tropica.
Results: Our study shows infection of CL in the male(67) (46.2%) and the female(78) (53.8%) and it found Age (1-12month)(5) (3.5%) ; (1-10year):(42)(28.9%) ; (10-20year):(46%) (31%); (20-30 year): (19)(13.4%) ; (30-40 year):(14%) (9.85%) ; in more than 40 year(19) (13.4%); .Also the highest infection rate of CL were appeared during December 2016 (30.5 %), while the lowest were during April 2017 (2% ).The nested PCR was shown specific identification of cutaneous leishmaniosis. Where, the results shown (38) positive samples out of 50 samples at (78%) as cutaneous leishmaniosis. 28/38 positive at (73.7%) as L.major and 10 /38 positive at (26.3%) as L. tropica. The nested PCR amplification was 560bp product size for L.major and 750bp product size for L. tropica on Agarose gel electrophoresis.
Conclusion: Cutaneous Leishmaniasis infected both sex , all age and more prevalence in young patients with high infection rate during December. Both L. major and L. tropica were the causative agents of cutaneous leishmaniasis but L.major was the main species in study area.
Analysis of fiber optic Bronchoscope findings in Respiratory unit at Al_ Diwanyah teaching hospital in 2014-2015
Authors: Mahmood Ali Atheer , Hadi Albadri Abdulraheem 
Published: January 2024

Background: Fiber-Optic bronchoscopy is a diagnostic and
therapeutic tool for the management of the respiratory diseases with high safety profile
Aim of study: To analyse the findings of the fiberoptic bronchoscopies of the included patients in our study..
Patients and Methods:
A retrospective study was done to find out the demographic
profiles, bronchoscopic indication, findings , diagnosis and complications of the patients who underwent bronchoscopies examinations in the respiratory unit at Aldiwanyah teaching hospital in 2014 and 2015.
Results:
Amongst the 102 patients, commonest indication of bronchoscopy was radiological opacity found in 81.2% of patients, followed by unexplained cough 10% of patients. Most common clinical presentations of the patients was Cough (81.4%), followed by dyspnea (34.3%).
Out of 102 patients, 61 patients (59.8%) were males, 44 patients
were current smokers.
A 41 patients (40.2%) were females, 21 patients were current smokers.The patient's age range from 15 to 75 years, the mean age of males were 58.8 ± 10.6 and for females were 52 ± 15.4.The most common ?nding on bronchoscopy was abnormal mucosa found in about 55.9% of patients. Malignancy was seen in 46.1% cases, while Tuberculosis seen in 9.8%.
The sequamous cell carcinoma was the most histological type (44.7%) of patient diagnosed with cancer.
In the 102 patient the bronchoscopy done with neither death nor serious complications occurrence likes pneumothorax or cardiac arrest.
The most common complication was mild nasal bleeding during procedure in (24.51%).
Conclusion:
Fiberoptic bronchoscopy is a useful diagnostic test for different lung pathologies with high safety profile regarding sever complications.
New Typology of the Basal Cell Carcinoma: a clinical review
Authors: Al-Baaj Salih , Kalaf Mahdi Abbas , Toma Shnawa Emad Addeen 
Published: January 2024

Background
Metatypical cell carcinoma (MTC) is a new entity of skin cancer. It represents an intermediate type between basal cell carcinoma (BCA) and squamous cell carcinomas (SCC). The behavior of the metatypical cell carcinoma lies between these two varieties of skin cancer. The differential diagnosis can not be made depending on morphological and clinical features, so histological examination is mandatory.
Methods
It is a retrospective study carried out on of 120 patients with metatypical skin cancer who were treated by surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy.
Results
It was found, that more males (62.5%) are affected with MTC than females (37.5%) with predilection for cervicofacial areas (71.7%), then the trunk (10%), the limb (9-6%), the scalp (3.7%) and other regions (5%) (Table 1). The disease recurred in 12 cases (10%) mainly in head and neck areas.
Conclusion
In this study, I have focused on the importance of differential diagnosis and specific treatment of MTC, even though more clinical studies and long-term follow up are needed before establishing specific guide lines.
Epidemiology of Hospital-Acquired Acute Kidney Injury(HAAKI) in Medical Hospitalized Patients in Al-Diwanyia Teaching Hospital
Authors: Abdulabbas Hamza Alaa , Ali H.Hamed Mohamed 
Published: January 2024

Background: Minimum elevation of serum creatinine,even within normal reference range are associated with worse outcome of the patients.
Objective: The application of the most recent definition of AKI proposed by the Acute Kidney Injury Network (AKIN),published in March 2012 to promote the earlier detection of HAAKI.
Patients&Method: Cross –sectional observational study conducted in the medical ward in Al-Diwanyia Teaching Hospital for a period 9 months from 1st of January to 30 of September 2013 . All adolescents & adults patients who fulfill the criteria of the study included. Data about demographics ,co-morbidities of patients & serial measurement of (S.Cr) were directly collected . The definition of AKI according to Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) Clinical Practice Guideline for Acute Kidney Injury -2012,based on AKIN criteria.

Result:
Out of 522 patients included in the study( the mean age of them 59 ± 23) ,HAAKI (stage1)were recorded in 79 (15.13%) patients , elderly patients aged ? 65 represent 50.63% of all cases of HAAKI(without significant gender variation). About 19 patients(24.05%) morbidities HAAKI due to intermingle co morbidities. The most 3 prevalent co morbidities were reported either independent or in association with other co morbidities in patients with HAAKI,1stone diabetes mellitus , 51 diabetic patients which represent 64.5% of total 79 patients with HAAKI & 37.22% of total diabetic patients studied . The 2nd was sepsis which reported in about 37 patients (46.83%).About 36 patients (45.56%) had HAAKI due to nephrotoxic drugs which represent the 3rd more frequent co morbidities.
Limitations: Single-medical ward study of limited period .Classification of the diseases according to conventional method.
Conclusions: Our results suggest that HAAKI is a common complication . Our efforts should be focused to prevent or minimize the risk factors of HAAKI (particularly in advanced age).
The rate of tuberculin reactivity in health care workers a cross sectional descriptive study
Authors: Abbas Radhi Ali 
Published: January 2024

Background:"Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the oldest diseases known to affect humans, it caused by bacteria belonging to Mycobacterium Tuberculosis (M.TB) complex". M.TB iscommonly transmitted from a TB infected person to other person by "droplet nuclei which are aerosolized by coughing, sneezing or speaking. Health care workers (HCWs) are exposed to a variety of infections, including TB, as they perform their job responsibilities". "The standard test for detecting latent TB infection (LTBI) is tuberculin skin test (TST) (Mantoux test) using purified protein derivatives (PPD) of M.TB."
Objectives:The aim is to study the rate of TB transmission from patients with active disease to the HCWs, and also studying the relation of deferent variables to the transmission risk including (Gender, Vaccination, and Duration of contact or work duration).
Methods: Cross sectional descriptive study done in Al Diwaneya teaching hospital (medical department) between September and December 2017.122 HCWs were included in this study their age ranging between 24-40 years mean 32year,100 (82%) were male and 22 (18%) female.
"0.1 ml (5) tuberculin units had been injected intradermally to the volar surface of forearm to be seen within 48-72hours".The test was considered positive if ( >=10mm induration) developed .
Results: The study shows the rate of tuberculin reactivity among HCWs 24.6% (30/122) a significant relationship between duration of work in hospital and tuberculin reactivity among HCWs. Word nursing staff
>10years work duration shows the higher rate (43.8%) followed by emergency nursing staff (30.8%) and then senior house officer (S.H.O) (20.8%), service workers shows (15%) while all joiner house officers included in the study shows (0%) with <2years work duration.
Conclusion:HCWs have high rate of LTBI. Their positivety correlated With the duration of their jobs. this should draw attention for better isolation for patients with TB to minimize the risk of transmission to the HCWs.