bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prognostic value of the labour admission test and its effectiveness compared with auscultation only: a systematic review
Authors: Blix Ellen , Reinar Liv M. , Klovning Atle , Øian Pål 
Published: September 2005

Objective  To assess the effectiveness of the labour admission test in preventing adverse outcomes, compared with auscultation only, and to assess the test's prognostic value in predicting adverse outcomes.Design  Systematic review.Setting  Labour wards in hospitals.Population  Pregnant women in labour. Three randomised controlled trials including 11,259 women and 11 observational studies including 5831 women.Methods  Literature searches in Medline, EMBASE, CINAHL, SweMed, The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, reference lists from identified studies and contact with experts.Main outcome measures  Obstetric interventions (augmentation of labour, continuous electronic fetal monitoring, epidural analgesia, fetal blood sampling and operative deliveries) and neonatal outcomes (perinatal mortality, Apgar score, seizures, resuscitation and admission to neonatal unit).Results  Meta‐analyses of the controlled trials found that women randomised to the labour admission test were more likely to have minor obstetric interventions like epidural analgesia [relative risk (RR) 1.2, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.1–1.4], continuous electronic fetal monitoring (RR 1.3, 95% CI 1.2–1.5) and fetal blood sampling (RR 1.3, 95% CI 1.1–1.5) compared with women randomised to auscultation on admission. There were no significant differences in any of the other outcomes. From the observational studies, prognostic value for various outcomes was found to be generally poor. Likelihood ratio (LR) for a positive test was above 10 in 2 of 28 single outcomes and between 5 and 10 in six outcomes.Conclusions  There is no evidence supporting that the labour admission test is beneficial in low risk women.
United Kingdom Amniotic Fluid Embolism Register
Authors: Tuffnell D.J. 
Published: September 2005

Objective  The United Kingdom Amniotic Fluid Embolism Register was established to identify the incidence of the condition and examine any differences or common factors between survivors and fatalities.Design  An anonymous voluntary register.Setting  The United Kingdom from 1997 to 2004.Population  Any woman with a clinical diagnosis of amniotic fluid embolism. The entry criteria were as follows: acute hypotension or cardiac arrest, acute hypoxia and coagulopathy with onset during labour, caesarean section or within 30 minutes of delivery with no other clinical condition or potential explanation for the symptoms and signs.Methods  A data collection form was completed after reporting.Main outcome measures  Mortality and morbidity rates in women and their babies.Results  Of 66 cases, 44 had sufficient information to be included. Thirteen (29.5%; 95% CI 17–45%) women died. If the five extra deaths in the Confidential Enquiry into Maternal Death were included, the mortality would be 37% (95% CI 23–52%). Of the 31 survivors, 12 women had a cardiac arrest, 7 had a hysterectomy, 2 had further laparotomies, 1 had subglottic stenosis and 2 had persisting neurological impairment. Twenty‐four of the 31 survivors were admitted to intensive care units. Of the 13 women who died, 7 of their babies survived. Four were acidotic at birth, of whom two developed hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE) and one of these is known to have developed cerebral palsy. In 18 cases, the woman survived and the baby was alive and in utero at the time of the maternal collapse. Four of these died, four had HIE with one known to have developed cerebral palsy and one other was acidotic at birth.Conclusion  The mortality of amniotic fluid embolism is high but the majority of women will survive. There is significant maternal and neonatal morbidity even when the woman survives. Continuing assessment of cases of amniotic fluid embolism is important to identify ways of improving outcome.
Secondary anti‐D immunization by Del red blood cells
Authors: Yasuda Hiroyasu , Ohto Hitoshi , Sakuma Shizue , Ishikawa Yoshihide 
Published: September 2005

BACKGROUND:  Recent molecular studies of the RHD gene have revealed that Del individuals retain a grossly intact RHD gene or have a portion of RHD in their genomes. No Del phenotype has yet been shown to induce a primary or secondary alloanti‐D immunization, however.CASE REPORT:  A 67‐year‐old D– Japanese woman with a history of allosensitization from transfusion of D+ red blood cells (RBCs) was negative for anti‐D at admission. After she received RBCs from 19 apparently D– donors, she developed anti‐D with an 8‐fold titer. The titer of anti‐D increased further to 128‐fold after transfusions of cross‐match–compatible D− negative RBCs from 40 donors over the next 2 years. Two of 59 donors were found to be RHD gene–positive and antigen D– with a Del phenotype, that is, RHD(K409K).CONCLUSION:  This is the first case in which RBCs having the Del phenotype induced a secondary alloanti‐D immunization. A D– donor with the RHD(K409K) allele was associated with the development of anti‐D. Adverse episodes or evidence of hemolysis was not observed after the transfusion of RHD(K409K) RBCs. Further clinical evidence is needed to reveal whether the Del phenotype has a clinically relevant potential for anti‐D immunization.
Injuries during physical activity in school children
Authors: Sundblad Gunilla , Saartok Tönu , Engström Lars‐Magnus , Renström Per 
Published: September 2005

During the spring of 2001, 1975 children, from grades 3, 6 and 9 participated in a nationwide, multidisciplinary collaboration study. The students came from randomly selected classes throughout Sweden, representing different geographical and socio‐economic areas. The aim of this study was to collect and evaluate self‐reported injuries and associated factors during various physical activities as recalled retrospectively for 3 months by the students.Every sixth student (n=299 or 16%) reported 306 injuries. Twice as many girls than boys were injured during physical education class. Ninth‐grade students reported relatively more injuries during organized sports than during physical education class and leisure activities. There were no age or gender differences in incidence rate during leisure activities.Most injuries were minor, as 70% were back in physical activity within a week. Half of the students (50%) reported that they previously had injured the same body part.Primary care of the injured student was, with the exception of a family member, most often carried out by the physical education teacher or coach, which accentuates the importance of continuous sports medicine first aid education for this group.
Effects of leptin on the release of luteinizing hormone, growth hormone and prolactin from cultured bovine anterior pituitary cells
Authors: NONAKA Sumie , HASHIZUME Tsutomu , KASUYA Etsuko 
Published: September 2005

ABSTRACTThe effects of leptin on the release of luteinizing hormone (LH), growth hormone (GH) and prolactin (PRL) were studied in cultured bovine anterior pituitary (AP) cells in vitro. The AP cells were obtained from fully‐fed Japanese Black steers and were incubated for 3 h with 10−13 to 10−7 mol/L of leptin after incubating in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's Medium for 3 days. Leptin significantly increased the concentration of LH in the culture medium by 45 and 44% at doses of 10−8 and 10−7 mol/L, respectively, compared with the controls (P < 0.05). Leptin significantly increased the concentration of GH in the culture medium by 14 and 12% at doses of 10−8 and 10−7 mol/L, respectively (P < 0.05). Leptin also significantly increased the concentration of PRL in the culture medium by 26% compared with the controls at a dose of 10−7 mol/L (P < 0.05). These results show that leptin stimulates the release of LH, GH and PRL by acting directly on bovine AP cells from fully‐fed steers.
Effect of dietary energy levels on the urinary excretion of purine derivatives in sheep
Authors: FUJIHARA Tsutomu , SHEM Martin N. , NAKAMURA Kazutaka 
Published: September 2005

ABSTRACTThe effect of dietary energy levels on the urinary excretion of purine derivatives (PD) was investigated in sheep fed hay and concentrate diets. In addition, the possibility of using PD concentrations in spot samples of urine as a useful tool for determining daily PD excretion was also examined. Three female lambs (mean bodyweight (BW) ± standard error, 31.4 ± 1.0 kg) were fed three diets consisting of timothy hay (20 g dry matter/kg BW per day) and rolled barley at three different energy levels (low‐energy (LE), medium‐energy (ME) and high‐energy (HE) at 1.0‐, 1.2‐ and 1.5‐fold greater than the maintenance level of energy (450 KJ/BW0.75/day), respectively) in a 3 × 3 Latin square design. The dietary protein level was almost constant (380 mg nitrogen/BW0.75/day as digestible crude protein base) and was adjusted using soybean protein. Digestible organic matter intake (DOMI) increased (P < 0.05) with an increase in the dietary energy level and there was a difference (P < 0.05) in the organic matter digestibility between the LE and HE diets. For urinary PD excretion, the differences between the LE and ME diets and the HE diet were significant (P < 0.05), although there was no clear difference between the LE and ME diets. There was a positive correlation (r = 0.47, P < 0.05) between urinary PD excretion and DOMI. There was also a correlation (r = 0.59, P < 0.05) between the urinary PD level at 7–8 h after the morning feed and the daily total PD excretion, suggesting that the PD level in spot urine samples could be useful for estimating microbial protein synthesized in the rumen and/or digested in the lower gut.
Comparison of digestibility, passage rate and rumen fermentation between sika deer (Cervus nippon) and cattle fed alfalfa hay cubes
Authors: ASANO Sanae , IKEDA Shoshichi , KUROKAWA Yuzo , KANDA Shuhei , ITABASHI Hisao 
Published: September 2005

ABSTRACTFive female sika deer and three male Holstein cattle were offered alfalfa hay cubes at 2% (deer) and 2.5% (cattle) of bodyweight, respectively. The passage rate through the digestive tract, digestibility and rumen fermentation of the animals were determined. The rate of ruminal passage was higher and the total mean retention time in the digestive tract was shorter in deer than in cattle. In addition, the rate of post‐ruminal passage in deer was lower. The digestibilities of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein and fiber in deer were significantly lower than in cattle (P < 0.05). The concentration of total volatile fatty acids in the rumen was significantly higher in deer than in cattle. The molar percentage of acetic acid was lower and that of valeric acid was higher in deer (P < 0.05). The number of protozoa was somewhat higher in deer. These results suggested that the lower digestibility in deer might be a result of the shorter retention time in the digestive tract.
Effects of pre‐feeding of a corn silage‐based supplement on the feed intake, milk production and nitrogen utilization of grazing dairy cows
Authors: MITANI Tomohiro , TAKAHASHI Makoto , UEDA Koichiro , NAKATSUJI Hiroki , KONDO Seiji 
Published: September 2005

ABSTRACTFour Holstein cows were used to determine the effect of timing of the feeding of a corn silage (CS)‐based supplement on the feed intake, milk production and nitrogen utilization of grazing dairy cows. The cows were fed the supplement 2 h before grazing (pre‐grazing) or immediately after grazing (post‐grazing). Cows were grazed for 5 h per day under a rotational grazing system. There was no difference in the herbage and total feed intake between treatments. The milk protein yield for pre‐grazing tended to be higher than that for post‐grazing, whereas the milk yield did not differ between treatments. The total nitrogen intake for pre‐grazing tended to be higher than that for post‐grazing (P = 0.06). There was no difference in the urinary nitrogen output between treatments, whereas the proportion of urinary nitrogen output : total nitrogen intake for pre‐grazing tended to be lower than that for post‐grazing (P = 0.06). The milk nitrogen output and nitrogen retention for pre‐grazing tended to be higher than that for post‐grazing (milk nitrogen, P = 0.06; nitrogen retention, P = 0.05). Nitrogen utilization of grazing dairy cows was improved by feeding a CS‐based supplement before grazing.
Nutritive value of selected grasses in North Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: EVITAYANI  , WARLY Lili , FARIANI Armina , ICHINOHE Toshiyoshi , ABDULRAZAK Shaukat A. , HAYASHIDA Maki , FUJIHARA Tsutomu 
Published: September 2005

ABSTRACTThe nutritive values of seven native grass species collected in North Sumatra, Indonesia, during dry and rainy seasons were evaluated. The chemical composition, in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD), in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD), in vitro crude protein digestibility (IVCPD), macro mineral concentrations of calcium, phosphorus and magnesium, in vitro gas production profile and metabolizable energy (ME) content of the grasses varied greatly among species and seasons. The crude protein content ranged from 6.6 (Andropogon gayanus) to 16.2% dry matter (Cynodon plectostachyus) in the rainy season, with a significant (P < 0.05) reduction in the dry season. Data on the fiber fraction showed that the grasses contained more neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) in the dry season and it significantly (P < 0.05) decreased in the rainy season, except for Panicum maximum and Pennisetum purpureum for NDF content and C. plectostachyus, P. maximum and Brachiaria decumbens for ADF content. Data on the mineral concentration showed that C. plectostachyus in the dry and rainy seasons had a higher calcium content than those of other species. The overall means of the seven grasses for IVDMD, IVOMD and IVCPD were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in the rainy season than in the dry season. The in vitro gas production and ME concentration were numerically higher in the rainy season than in the dry season. In conclusion, the nutritive value of the observed grasses in North Sumatra was relatively higher during the rainy season compared with the dry season. Among the species of grass, P. purpureum and C. plectostachyus had a higher nutritive value in both the dry and rainy seasons.
Effects of excess calcium as a different form on mineral metabolism in rats
Authors: TAKASUGI Satoshi , MATSUI Tohru , YANO Hideo 
Published: September 2005

ABSTRACTExcess calcium is known to affect the metabolism of other minerals. Calcium carbonate is the main source of calcium used in previous experiments that investigated excess calcium. Thus, it remains to be clarified whether other forms of calcium also have the same adverse effects. The effects of a high‐calcium carbonate diet or a high‐calcium citrate diet on mineral concentration in several tissues of rats were examined. Male rats aged 5 weeks were fed one of the experimental diets for 4 weeks. The control diet contained calcium as calcium carbonate at the requirement level. High‐calcium diets contained calcium carbonate or calcium citrate at a level of fivefold greater than the requirement level. In rats fed the high‐calcium diets, a similar decrease in phosphorus (in the plasma) and iron (in the testis, liver and femur) was observed. Hepatic copper increased in rats fed the high‐calcium diets, whereas renal copper decreased. Therefore, excess calcium affects these mineral metabolisms regardless of its form. In contrast, the high‐calcium carbonate diet increased femoral zinc and decreased femoral magnesium, but the high‐calcium citrate diet did not affect these minerals in the femur, which suggests that the effect of excess calcium on minerals partly depends on its form.
Isolation of genes showing increased expression during bovine adipocyte differentiation
Authors: YAMASAKI Tadashi , INOUE‐MURAYAMA Miho , TAHARA Koji , TAKANO Shoichi , SUGIYAMA Akinori , ITOH Tomohito , TAKASUGA Akiko , SUGIMOTO Yoshikazu , ROZE Michael T. , ASO Hisashi , ITO Shin’ichi 
Published: September 2005

ABSTRACTThe adipocyte is important not only for the storage of excess energy as fat, but also for the secretion of homeostatic factors. Gene expression profiles during adipocyte differentiation have been reported previously for mouse 3T3‐L1 cells. However, the profiles of adipogenic gene expression in mice and cattle may be different because several metabolic pathways of the ruminant adipose tissue are different from those of non‐ruminants. The gene expression profile in a clonal bovine intramuscular preadipocyte cell line during adipogenesis was examined using the polymerase chain reaction‐subtraction method. Six hundred and twenty‐one clones, which were expressed at an early stage of differentiation, from the preadipocyte to adipocyte, were isolated and characterized. Further detailed studies were carried out for 86 selected genes using northern blotting. Ten genes were found to be highly expressed after differentiation of bovine intramuscular preadipocyte cells. In particular, the expression profiles of genes for stearoyl CoA desaturase and FK506 binding protein were quite different from the time course of differentiation of that seen in the 3T3‐L1 cells reported previously. In addition, these genes were assigned to bovine chromosomes using a bovine/hamster somatic cell hybrid panel and public database.
Cloning and gene expression of hexokinase I and II in the chicken skeletal muscle
Authors: SEKI Yoshinori , SATO Kan , KONO Tatsuyoshi , AKIBA Yukio 
Published: September 2005

ABSTRACTTo elucidate the distinctive regulatory mechanisms of glucose homeostasis in the skeletal muscles of broiler chickens, hexokinase (HK)I and HKII gene expressions were characterized by northern blot analysis. Chicken HKI and HKII full‐length cDNA sequences were identified and the deduced amino acid sequences were 87.4 and 85.9% identical to that of human HKI and HKII, respectively. Using reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction analysis, chicken HKI mRNA was detected in the skeletal muscle, brain, heart, kidney and testis. Chicken HKII mRNA was highly expressed in the skeletal muscle and heart, whereas a lower expression was observed in the liver, brain and kidney. Fasting for 48 h or refeeding for 24 h in chickens significantly increased the skeletal muscle HKI and HKII mRNA levels in contrast to unchanged or decreased expressions in mammals. The present findings suggest that HKI and HKII have a unique role in the glucose homeostasis regulatory mechanism of chicken skeletal muscles and their role in chickens is not similar to that in mammals.
Identification of cDNA for the HSPA2, HSPA5 and HSPA8 orthologs of the heat shock protein 70 family from guinea fowl (Numida meleagris)
Authors: IWAMOTO Shigehisa , KOIKE Yohei , HOSOMICHI Kazuyoshi , HARA Hiromi , YOSHIDA Yutaka , OGAWA Hiroshi , HANZAWA Kei 
Published: September 2005

ABSTRACTIn order to identify the complete cDNA sequences of three members of the heat shock protein (HSP) 70 family –NmHSPA2, NmHSPA5 and NmHSPA8– from guinea fowl (Numida meleagris), the mRNA of white blood cells were analyzed using reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction and the rapid amplification of cDNA ends method. The nucleotide sequences for these three cDNA exhibited more than 96% similarity to chicken HSP70 (GgHSP70), chicken glucose‐regulated protein 78 (GgGRP78) and chicken heat‐shock cognate protein 70 (GgHSC70). The translated amino acid sequences of these guinea fowl HSP70 family homologs contained essential motifs for the HSP70 family, and showed a higher sequence identity to the HSPA2, HSPA5 and HSPA8 orthologs from several vertebrates than other members of the HSP70 family. The NmHSPA2, NmHSPA5 and NmHSPA8 contained the HSPA2 specific insertion, the HSPA5 specific motif (endoplasmic reticulum‐targets) and the HSPA8 specific insertion, respectively. As mentioned above, we concluded that NmHSPA2, NmHSPA5 and NmHSPA8 were orthologs of HSPA2, HSPA5 and HSPA8, respectively.
ORAL SIZE PERCEPTION OF PARTICLES: EFFECT OF SIZE, TYPE, VISCOSITY AND METHOD
Authors: ENGELEN LINA , VAN DER BILT ANDRIES , SCHIPPER MARIA , BOSMAN FRITS 
Published: September 2005

ABSTRACT We investigated how different parameters affect oral size perception of small particles of SiO

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and polystyrene particles of varying sizes (2–230 μm). Eighteen healthy subjects assessed the size of the particles by rubbing the sample between the tongue and the palate. The importance of size and type were studied by direct scaling and forced choice ranking and the results of the two methods were compared. To assess the relative importance of the tongue and the palate in oral size perception topical anesthesia was applied. The size and characteristics of particles are of importance for perception of particle size, where hard and irregular particles are perceived as larger than soft and round particles of similar size. The two methods of size perception, direct scaling and forced ranking produce very similar results on oral size perception. Topical anesthesia of either the tongue or the palate had no significant effect.
TEXTURAL CHARACTERISTICS OF PASTA MADE FROM RICE FLOUR SUPPLEMENTED WITH PROTEINS AND HYDROCOLLOIDS
Authors: RAINA C.S. , SINGH S. , BAWA A.S. , SAXENA D.C. 
Published: September 2005

ABSTRACTBroken pieces of three indigenous rice cultivars were utilized for the formulation of tube type pasta (Ziti‐cut) using four levels each of vital gluten and guar gum. The rice flours were modified by pregelatinization and the pregelatinized flour was found suitable for pasta preparation based on instrumental and sensory texture analysis. The cooking time for pasta was reduced from 10 to 6 min by using pregelatinized rice flour. The textural quality of pasta was analyzed using texture analyzer (TAXT‐2i) and descriptive sensory analysis techniques. A protein level of 16% was found suitable for production of rice pasta, which was comparable to commercial semolina sample whereas a gum level of 1.5% supplemented to pregelatinized rice flour containing 14% protein was judged the best on the basis of instrumental as well as sensory textural characteristics.
Abnormal Tribological Behavior of Multiwalled Nanotube Rafts Part II: Inclined Rafts
Authors: Yang Wei , Wang Hongtao , Huang Y. 
Published: September 2005

Abstract
The analysis in part I of this series is extended to the case of inclined and randomly distributed multiwall carbon nanotube (MWCNT) rafts that are brought into contact. The MWCNTs are modeled by elastic and cylindrically anisotropic materials. The JKR theory of adhesion is adopted. With the incorporation of three-dimensional contact configuration that features the inclined contact, we are able to show that the abnormal tribological behavior, in drastic contrast to the classical Amonton’s law, persists for both inclined and randomly oriented rafts.