bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Outcome of Transfusion of K:11 Erythrocytes in a Patient with Anti‐K11 Antibody
Authors: Kelley Carolyn M. , Karwal Mark W. , Schlueter Annette J. , Olson John D. 
Published: December 2004

Abstract Background and objectives: The clinical significance of anti‐K11 in red cell transfusion therapy is unknown. We report the outcome of transfusion of K:11 erythrocytes into a patient with a known anti‐K11 antibody. Materials and methods: The patient was monitored clinically following transfusion of 11 units of K: 11 erythrocytes. A red cell survival study with K: 11 erythrocytes and a monocyte monolayer assay (MMA) were performed. Results: No adverse clinical outcome was detected. The red cell survival study showed normal survival of K: 11 erythrocytes, and the MMA showed no increase in reactive monocytes. Conclusion: These findings suggest that K:11 red cells can safely be transfused to individuals with anti‐K11 antibody.
Estimated Risk of Transmission of Hepatitis C Virus by Blood Transfusion
Authors: Koerner K. , Cardoso M. , Dengler Th. , Kerowgan M. , Kubanek B. 
Published: December 2004

Abstract Objective: The risk of transmitting hepatitis C (HCV) by transfusion of anti‐HCV‐negative screened blood was estimated for the blood donor population of Baden‐Württemberg (southwestern Germany). Methods: The data from the blood donors screened for anti‐HCV and for HBsAg during 1990‐1995 were analyzed. Results: The prevalence of confirmed anti‐HCV‐positive blood donations decreased continuously during the last 5 years, reaching 121 per 100,000 blood donations. A higher anti‐HCV prevalence rate was found in female than in male blood donors (p<0.05). The estimated risk of transmitting HCV during the window period is 1:200,000 (1:97,000–1:1,400,000) for repeat donors. In 1995, the calculated risk for first‐time donors was 1:20,000 (1:15,000–28,000). The incidence for HCV was 1.2 per 100,000 blood donations. Conclusion: The risk of transmitting hepatitis C by blood transfusion is low. Additional tests to shorten the window period to detect antibodies to HCV might increase the safety of blood transfusion.
Monocyte Activation in Platelet Concentrates
Authors: Grey D. , Erber W. N. , Saunders K. M. , Lown J. A. G. 
Published: December 2004

Abstract Background and Objectives: Cytokines in platelet concentrates contribute to febrile transfusion reactions. Activated monocytes are a major source of inflammatory cytokines, however the role of monocytes in cytokine production in platelet concentrates has not been clarified. This study undertook to quantitate monocytes, determine whether monocyte activation occurs and identify an association with IL‐6 and IL‐β concentrations in platelet concentrates. Materials and Methods: 17 platelet concentrates were analysed for total leucocyte and monocyte counts, CD14 and CD16 monocyte‐associated antigen expression and IL‐1β and IL‐6 measurements on days 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5. Results: Monocytes in all platelet concentrates expressed increased levels of CD14 and CD16 from day 1 of storage. 10/17 platelet concentrates had elevated IL‐6 levels by day 3. Platelet concentrates with IL‐6 levels above 15 pg/ml on day 5 had monocyte counts between 0.14 and 15.6×106/unit on day 1, while those with IL‐6 levels below 15 pg/ml had low monocyte counts of <0.01 to 1.2×106/unit on day 1. Conclusion: Monocytes present in platelet concentrates exhibit features of activation. Monocyte activation is present following the preparation of platelet concentrates, implicating the manufacturing process in its development. Increased IL‐6 and IL‐1β levels during platelet concentrate storage are commonly associated with a higher monocyte count. However, no direct association could be identified between the extent of monocyte activation and the level of cytokine release.
Erythropoiesis in Patients Stimulated with Erythropoietin: The Relevance of Storage Iron
Authors: Goodnough Lawrence Tim , Marcus Randall E. 
Published: December 2004

Abstract Background and Objectives: The clinical importance of iron‐restricted erythropoiesis in erythropoietin (EPO)‐stimulated patients is controversial. Materials and Methods: We therefore reviewed 70 patients randomized into clinical trials of aggressive autologous donation and oral iron supplementation, with or without recombinant human EPO therapy. Results: Nineteen (27%) iron‐depleted patients produced 5.4±2.8 ml RBC/kg compared to 4.8±2.3 ml RBC/kg (nonsignificant) in iron‐replete patients due to endogenous EPO (placebo group) stimulation. EPO‐treated iron‐depleted patients produced 20% less RBC than iron‐replete patients (8.23±3.3 vs. 10.2±4.0, p=0.066). RBC volume expansion correlated with initial storage iron only in iron‐replete patients who received EPO therapy. Conclusion: Initial storage iron status is a marginally important limitation to EPO‐mediated erythropoiesis in the setting of oral iron supplementation. Strategies to maintain plasma transferrin saturation with intravenous iron therapy may be desirable to improve the erythropoietic response to EPO in this setting.
Increased Lipid Peroxidation of Erythrocytes in Blood Stored in Polyvinyl Chloride Blood Storage Bags Plasticized with Di‐[2‐Ethyl Hexyl] Phthalate and Effect of Antioxidants
Authors: Deepa Devi K. V. , Kumar V. Manoj , Arun P. , Santhosh Anitha , Padmakumaran Nair K. G. , Lakshmi L. R. , Kurup P. A. 
Published: December 2004

Abstract Background and Objectives: Previous work in this laboratory has shown significant decrease in vitamin E in erythrocytes in blood stored in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) bags plasticized with di‐[2‐ethyl hexyl] phthalate (DEHP), and in erythrocytes incubated in vitro with DEHP. Since vitamin E is a major antioxidant, a study was carried out to find out whether this decrease observed in vitamin E has an effect on lipid peroxidation in blood stored in DEHP‐plasticized PVC blood bags. Materials and Methods: Blood was collected in Penpol blood storage bags (which is a DEHP‐plasticized PVC bag) and parameters of lipid peroxidation, i.e. activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA), conjugated dienes, hydroperoxides, glutathione and vitamin E studied in erythrocytes after various periods of storage as compared to glass bottles. Erythrocytes were also incubated in vitro with DEHP with and without vitamin E, and changes in lipid peroxidation studied. Results:Blood stored in Penpol bags showed increased lipid peroxidation in erythrocytes as compared to that stored in glass bottles, as is evident from a greater increase in MDA and a greater decrease in glutathione and a significant decrease in vitamin E. The addition of vitamin E decreased the formation of MDA and conjugated dienes and prevented the decrease in vitamin E. However in spite of increased lipid peroxidation in the presence of DEHP, the release of K+ and hemoglobin from erythrocytes was lower. When there was an increase in DEHP taken up by erythrocytes, there was a corresponding decrease in vitamin E. More important, whenever there was an increase in vitamin E in erythrocytes (when RBCs in the presence of DEHP were incubated with vitamin E), there was a progressive decrease in DEHP. Conclusion: DEHP caused increased lipid peroxidation in erythrocytes. At the same time, it decreased the release of K+ and hemoglobin from erythrocytes. It is possible that the stabilizing effect of DEHP on the erythrocyte membrane may offset the detrimental effects of the increased lipid peroxidation it causes.
Platelets Stored in a New‐Generation Container
Authors: de Wildt‐Eggen J. , Schrijver J. G. , Smid W. M. , Joie M. , Bollinne V. , Bins M. 
Published: December 2004

Abstract Background and Objectives: In order to preserve platelet concentrates (PCs) with high yields, a new polyolefin platelet storage container (PL 2410, 1.3L, Baxter, La Châtre, France) with increased gas permeability in combination with a larger surface area has been developed. The storage capacity was studied with platelets in plasma and platelets additive solution. Materials and Methods: Platelet concentrate pools (PCs) of different yields suspended in either plasma (PCs‐PL; n = 30) or PAS II (PCs‐PAS; n = 37) were prepared. For preparation of PCs with a low, intermediate and high number of platelets 3, 5 and 6 buffy coat (BCs) were pooled with different volumes of plasma and 5 and 6 BCs were pooled with different volumes of PAS II, in order to obtain PCs of equal volumes comparable with routine conditions. All PCs were stored on a flatbed shaker at 22±2°C and evaluated on days 1, 2, 5 and 7 by determining platelet and white cell counts, pH (37°C), pO2, pCO2 and swirling score. Results: Platelet yields ranged from 1.5 up to 5.5 × 1011 platelets/U. On day 7 all PCs‐PL (n = 4) with platelet yields above 4.5×1011 had a pH value below 6.8 (range 5.91–6.79). While 7 of 8 PCs‐PAS units with platelet yields above 4.0×1011/U showed a pH value below 6.8 (range 6.31–6.70). Conclusion: During 7 days of storage in a new 1.3‐liter platelet container, the pH was maintained above 6.8 in PCs in plasma with a yield between 1.5‐and 4.5×1011/U; when PAS II was used, the maximum platelet yield allowed for comparable pH maintenance was somewhat lower (4.0x1011/U).
Autologous Platelet Collection and Storage to Support Thrombocytopenia in Patients Undergoing High‐Dose Chemotherapy and Circulating Progenitor Cell Transplantation for High‐Risk Breast Cancer
Authors: Torretta Lorella , Perotti Cesare , Pedrazzoli Paolo , Dornini Gianluca , Viarengo Gianluca , Livraghi Alessandra , Noris Patrizia , Prada Gian Antonio Da , Balduini Carlo L. , Cuna Gioacchino Robustelli della , Salvaneschi Laura 
Published: December 2004

Abstract Objectives: The use of circulating progenitor cell support following high‐dose chemotherapy for malignancies decreases but does not entirely abolish platelet transfusion requirement. We investigated the feasibility of supporting the posttransplant thrombocytopenic phase exclusively with autologous platelets collected by apheresis and cryopreserved. Methods: 25 patients underwent plateletpheresis during the platelet rebound occurring after high‐dose cyclophosphamide. Autologous platelets were cryopreserved in 5% dimethylsulfoxide, thawed and transfused during the aplastic phase after the myeloablative regimen whenever clinically required. Results: A single plateletpheresis was carried out in all patients, allowing the harvest of a platelet concentrate with a mean value of 7.7 × 10 11 platelets. No significant procedure‐ or transfusion‐related side effects were recorded. Mean platelet recovery after freezing and thawing was 63% and the mean number of platelet reinfused was 4.8 × 1011; 23 of 25 patients were fully supported with autologous platelets. Conclusion: Plateletpheresis performed in our selected group of patients was found to be a safe and effective procedure to collect large amounts of autologous platelets; the numbers obtained proved to be sufficient for the transfusion demand of almost all patients.
Two Examples of an Inseparable Antibody That Reacts Equally Well with DW+ and Rh32+ Red Blood Cells
Authors: Reid Marion E. , Sausais Laima , Zaroulis Charles G. , Mohandas Kala , Coghlan Gail , Lomas‐Francis Christine 
Published: December 2004

Abstract Background and Objectives: Anti‐DW is a rare specificity that detects an antigen on DVa red blood cells (RBCs). Some anti‐DW contain an inseparable component that cross‐reacts weakly with RBCs expressing the low‐incidence Rh antigen Rh32. RH32 is expressed by RBCs with either the RN or the DBT phenotype. Case Report: We describe here an antibody found in the serum of 2 patients that reacts equally well with RBCs possessing either DVa, RN, or DBT phenotypes. The reactivity for DW and Rh32 antigens could not be separated by adsorption onto and elution from DW+Rh32‐or from DW ‐Rh32+RBCs. Conclusions: We suggest that amino acids encoded by nucleotides at the junction of exon 4 of RHD to exon 5 of RHCE may induce a conformation that is recognized by these equally reactive inseparable antibodies. Until such time that the epitope recognized by these antibodies is defined, we recommend use of the descriptive name anti‐DW/Rh 32.
NA1/NA2 Antisera Inhibit FcγRI‐but Not FcγRII‐Mediated Phagocytosis
Authors: Flesch Brigitte K. , Maass Wiebke , Neppert Jürgen 
Published: December 2004

Abstract Background and Objectives: Alloantibodies against the granulocyte‐specific NA antigens play an important role in alloimmune neonatal neutropenia. As the NA system is located on the FcγRIIIb, the influence of NA‐specific antibodies on granulocyte function is of special interest. Materials and Methods: We tested alloantisera specific for NA1 and NA2 for their ability to influence FcγR‐mediated phagocytosis of polymorphonuclear neutrophils by use of different FcγR specific targets. Red blood cells coated with human IgG anti‐D served as specific targets for FcγRI‐mediated phagocytosis while mouse IgG1 anti‐glycophorin A was used to coat red blood cells (RBCs) to obtain FcγRII specific targets. To test for a hypothetical induction of phagocytosis by FcγRIIIb we used D– RBCs coated with human monoclonal anti‐D as target cells for unprimed neutrophils. Results: Granulocyte phagocytosis was directly induced by FcγRI and FcγRII but not by FcγRIIIb. NA1 alloantisera significantly inhibited FcγRI‐mediated phagocytosis of IFN‐γ‐stimulated neutrophils if the corresponding antigen was expressed. Conversely, NA2 alloantisera inhibited FcγRI‐mediated phagocytosis in NA2‐positive individuals. There was no effect of NA1‐ and NA2‐specific alloantibodies on FcγRII‐mediated phagocytosis. Conclusion: NA‐specific alloantisera inhibit the FcγRI‐induced phagocytosis in primed neutrophils, but they do not significantly inhibit their FcγRIIa‐specific phagocytosis of mIgG1‐coated RBCs.
Progression to AIDS in Relation to Clinical Factors and Clotting Product Consumption
Authors: Roosendaal G. , van der Schouw Y. T. , Mauser‐Bunschoten E. P. , Borleffs J. C. , van den Berg H. M. 
Published: December 2004

Abstract Objective: In order to describe the progression of HIV disease in a cohort of Dutch HIV‐1‐infected patients with haemophilia and to study the influence of clinical and clotting factors, we performed a 15‐year longitudinal clinical and laboratory study. Methods: The progression to AIDS in relation to type of haemophilia, antibodies against factor VII, age, cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection, and type and total amount of clotting factor consumption was studied in 52 haemophilic patients infected with HIV‐1 between 1981 and July 1985. Results: The progression to AIDS was faster in the group of patients with antibodies against factor VIII (inhibitors) and in the group of patients with haemophilia B than in the group of patients with haemophilia A without inhibitors. Conclusion: We concluded that HIV‐infected patients with haemophilia A with inhibitors and patients with haemophilia A without inhibitors. These differences are independent of the total amount of clotting factor used and other known risk factors such as age at seroconversion and CMV in fection and may be due to the type of clotting product used.
Sequence and Specificity Analysis of Recombinant Human Fab Anti‐Rh D Isolated by Phage Display
Authors: Miescher Sylvia , Vogel Monique , Biaggi Christine , Ramseyer Vreni , Hustinx Hein , Eicher Nicole , Imboden Martin A. , Spycher Martin O. , Amstutz Hanspeter , Stadler Beda M. 
Published: December 2004

Abstract Background and Objectives: Hyperimmune anti‐Rh D serum is worldwide in short supply. As a first step to develop an alternative source of Rh D antibodies, we describe in this study the isolation and characterization of recombinant antiRh D Fab fragments. Materials and Methods: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells harvested from a hyperimmunized donor were used to construct two combinatorial Fab libraries. Phages expressing these Fab fragments were selected on whole red blood cells followed by testing of positive clones in an indirect hemagglutination assay. Results: Individual Fab clones are of high affinity and competitively inhibit the binding of a registered anti‐D immunoglobulin. The Fab clones are also specific against the partial D phenotypes, Rh33, DIII, DIVa, DIVb DVa, and DVII. The 13 different but highly homologous clones express preferentially VH3 segments. Conclusion: These Fab fragments show potential for the development of a new generation of therapeutic anti‐Rh D reagents.
Benefit of Prestorage Leukocyte Depletion of Single‐Donor Platelet Concentrates
Authors: Chalandon Y. , Mermillod B. , Beris Ph. , Doucet A. , Chapuis B. , Roux‐Lombard P. , Dayer J.‐M. 
Published: December 2004

Abstract
Background and Objectives:
The presence of contaminating white blood cells (WBCs) in platelet concentrates is associated with transfusion reactions and may adversely alter the quality of platelets during storage. Leukocyte depletion by filtration of platelets has been increasingly used to avoid these complications. However, the best time for filtration and the benefits of filtering single‐donor platelet concentrates (thrombapheresis, TH) have yet to be clearly defined. Methods: In a randomized study of 202 TH collected with an Autopheresis C system, we determined whether prestorage filtration (preSF) of WBCs from TH as compared with poststorage (bedside) filtration (postSF) resulted in a better product. Levels of cytokines and C3a accumulating in the medium during storage, platelet activation state, in vivo platelet recovery, and transfusion reactions were compared in pre‐ and poststorage products. Results: As compared to preSF, significantly more postSF TH had detectable levels of tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α; 47 vs. 15%; p<0.0001) and interleukin 6 (13 vs. 3%; p = 0.02), lower pH (p<0.0001) and decreased levels of C3a (910 vs. 2,000 pg/ml; p<0.0001). Futhermore, platelet activation was increased in postSF TH (p = 0.022). PostSF TH tended to plug the bedside filter (27% of postSF TH delivered) from day 3 onward. There was also a significant difference in platelet recovery, postSF TH showing a lower corrected count increment (CCl; p = 0.0055) when taking into account the postSF TH that plugged filters (CCl = 0), but no difference when plugged TH were excluded. A correlation could be established between TNF‐α levels and poor in vivo recovery (p<0.0001). Febrile nonhemolytic transfusion reactions were low in both groups (4 and 9%). Conclusion: These results indicate a benefit of preSF TH as compared with postSF TH based on the following parameters: decrease in cytokine levels, less platelet activation, maintenance of higher pH, and more efficient use of stored platelets (27% of postSF TH were lost because of plugging of filters). These results apply particularly to the Autopheresis C systems with its high initial WBC content.
Economic Impact of Donor Platelet Count and Platelet Yield in Apheresis Products: Relevance for Emerging Issues in Platelet Transfusion Therapy
Authors: Goodnough Lawrence Tim , Ali Suhail , Despotis George , Dynis Marian , DiPersio John F. 
Published: December 2004

Abstract
Introduction:
We analyzed donor platelet counts and platelet product yields in 708 consecutive platelet aphereses in our program in order to define the importance of this relationship for emerging issues in platelet transfusion therapy. Methods: Aphereses performed on the Spectra 3.6 (COBE, Lakewood. Colo.) the CS‐3000 Plus (Fenwall‐Baxter, Deerfield, III.) were analyzed. Results: Mean platelet count was 237±49 × 103/mm3 (mean ± SD), and mean yield was 4.24±1.09 × 1011 platelets. Eighty‐five (12%) procedures generated less that 3 × 1011 platelets. Only thirty‐eight (5.4%) procedures yielded 6 × 1011 platelets, so that ‘split products’ could be obtained. Platelet yields were primarily related to the biologic contribution (baseline platelet count) of the donor. Procedure parameters selected for harvest, and the efficiency of the device also had a significant, but less important role in determining the final platelet yield. An increase in mean donor platelet count achieved with Mpl ligand therapy from 240,000 to 320,000/mm3 would reduce the cost from USD 378 to 267 for each apheresis product, since the fraction of split products would exceed 50% of apheresis procedures. Conclusion: Increasing the donor platelet count would have a significant economic impact on platelet apheresis programs, as well as important clinical consequences for the role of platelet apheresis products in future transfusion strategies.
Harvesting of Peripheral Blood Progenitor Cells with Different Programmes of Discontinuous Flow Systems
Authors: Moog R. , Uppenkamp M. , Böck H.P. , Müller N. , Brittinger G. 
Published: December 2004

Abstract
Background and Objectives:
From a technical point of view two problems arise during the collection of peripheral blood progenitor cells (PBPC): first, the volume of the apheresis product is often large, requiring volume reduction prior to cryopreservation. Second, the platelet (PLT) Ioss due to the harvesting of the buffy coat is an unwanted side effect. With respect to these problems, the present study was designed to compare programs for PBPC collection with discontinous‐flow cell separators. Materials and Methods: Three different protocols for PBPC harvesting were investigated in 32 patients with malignancies. In the first protocol, the blood cell separator Haemonetics MCS 3p was used. In the second protocol using the same machine, the opening and closure of the stem cell valve was modified in combination with a centri surge to reduce the PLT loss. The MCS+ device with another configuration of the valves was used in the third protocol. PBPC were mobilised by chemotherapy plus cytokine administration or application of growth factor alone. Blood counts and CD34 antigen‐expressing cells were determined before apheresis and in the PBPC product. Colony‐forming unit granulocyte/macrophage (CFU‐GM) were determined in the apheresis product. Results: 55 PBPC collections were carried out with a median end product volume of 105 ml. The median counts for CD34+ antigen‐expressing cells and CFU‐GM were 1.5 × 106 and 2.5 × 104/kg body weight, respectivel. PLT loss was significantly lower in protocol III. Conclusion: The study reported here revealed that PBPC could be easily collected in a reduced product volume by the intermittent‐flow cell separators. No additional centrifugation prior to cryopreservation was necessary to remove the plasma from the apheresis product. Patient's PLT loss was reduced by the centrisurge technique but this still has to be improved.