bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diverse forest management strategies support functionally and temporally distinct bee communities
Authors: Chase Marissa H. , Charles Brian , Harmon‐Threatt Alexandra , Fraterrigo Jennifer M. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractForests worldwide support insect biodiversity and the ecosystem services provided by insects such as pollination. As forest health declines, management that emulates historical disturbance regimes has the potential to restore and maintain forest ecosystem functioning; however, we lack understanding of how these practices affect key mutualists like bees and the ecosystem services they provide.To fill this knowledge gap, we investigated the functional response of bee communities to temperate deciduous forest management practices that emulate historical disturbances (burning, thinning and the combination of the two). We also investigated whether seasonality has any effect on this relationship.Bee functional diversity was highest in spring compared to summer, and management did not affect this relationship. Instead, different management strategies aligned with specific bee functional traits and these relationships varied throughout the year. Managed and unmanaged areas differed in the distribution of nesting and floral resources and, as a result, altered bee functional trait composition. Thinned plots with increased floral resources promoted smaller bees with limited dispersal capacity, in addition to primitively eusocial and cavity‐excavating bees. Unmanaged habitat supported vulnerable bee groups such as cleptoparasites and specialists. Burning by itself or in combination within thinning may have eliminated crucial nesting resources such as deadwood that bees depend on in forests.Synthesis and applications: Our findings demonstrate that managing temperate forests by emulating historical disturbances can support a functionally diverse bee community and highlight the need to consider temporal variation in the environmental drivers of forest bee communities. To support year‐round bee diversity, forest management strategies should prioritize floral resources and leave behind deadwood to increase bee nesting resources, as well as maintain unmanaged habitat within the forest landscape. Overall, our study reinforces the importance of using a range of forest management strategies to enhance bee functional diversity and associated ecosystem services.
Increased proportion of CD226 + CD14 + monocytes correlates with clinical features and laboratory parameters in patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome
Authors: Zhao Ping , Cheng Wei , Liu Cuiping , Peng Cheng , Shen Yu , Yang Yanhong , Sun Chao , Chang Xin , Wu Jian 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjectivesCD226 is widely expressed on the surface of immune cells as a co‐stimulatory receptor, which is involved in the development of many autoimmune diseases. The purpose of this study was to investigate the proportion of CD226 on CD14 + monocytes in the peripheral circulation of patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) and the clinical significance of pSS.MethodsThe proportion of CD226 on the surface of CD14 + monocytes was measured by flow cytometry in 45 pSS patients and 25 healthy controls (HC). The correlations between the proportion of CD226 + CD14 + monocytes and the clinical features and laboratory parameters of pSS were analyzed. Meanwhile, we analyzed the change in proportion of CD226 + CD14 + monocytes before and after treatment, and the clinical significance of pSS was evaluated.ResultsThe proportion of CD226 on CD14 + monocytes markedly increased in pSS patients compared to HC (p < .01). We found the proportion of CD226 + CD14 + monocytes was positively correlated with the disease activity and severity of pSS patients. The proportion of CD226 + CD14 + monocytes in pSS patients with decayed tooth, fatigue, interstitial lung disease (ILD), low WBC, high IgG, anti‐Ro60, and anti‐SSB positive increased compared to that in negative patients (p < .05). Furthermore, the proportion of CD226 + CD14 + monocytes was significantly higher in active patients than in nonactive patients (p < .01). Additionally, the proportion of CD226 + CD14 + monocytes decreased in seven pSS patients after treatment (p < .01).ConclusionOur study suggested that an increased CD226 proportion on CD14 + monocytes was associated with the clinical manifestations, disease activity, and prognosis of pSS patients. CD226+ CD14 + monocytes may present a potential target and a biomarker for the prognosis and therapy of pSS patients.
Complete dissection of right paratracheal lymph nodes (stations 2R and 4R) is critical to improve the prognosis of lung cancer patients: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Zhao Kejia , Mei Jiandong , Hu Binbin , Guo Chenglin , Wei Shiyou , Yang Xudong , Yang Zhenyu , Zhang Jian , Ku Yin , Zheng Yao , Wu Di , Li Shasha , Mao Yonghong , Ding Yu , Liu Lunxu 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe optimal extent of mediastinal lymph node dissection is still under debate. This study aimed to investigate the prognostic impact of complete dissection of right paratracheal lymph nodes (LNs) in right‐sided non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and evaluate the potential patient population who will particularly benefit from right paratracheal node dissection (RPND).MethodsBetween January 2009 and December 2019, we retrospectively reviewed 2650 patients with primary right‐sided NSCLC who underwent pulmonary surgery with lymphadenectomy in the Western China Lung Cancer Database. A total of 2447 patients received both 2R and 4R LNs dissection (complete RPND group), 162 patients received only 2R or 4R LNs dissection (incomplete RPND group), and 41 patients received neither 2R nor 4R LNs dissection (no RPND group). Overall survival (OS) was analyzed.ResultsThe metastasis rates in stations 2R and 4R were 6.5% and 8.0%, respectively. In stage N2 patients, the frequency of involvement of stations 2R/4R was 74.8%. The complete RPND group had a significantly better survival than the incomplete and no RPND group (5‐year OS, 79.5% vs. 72.7% vs. 65.5%; p < 0.001). In the multivariate analysis, status of RPND (incomplete RPND vs. complete RPND: HR 1.45, 95% CI: 1.10–1.90; p = 0.009; no RPND vs. complete RPND: HR 2.25, 95% CI: 1.37 to 3.69; p = 0.001), age, gender, tumor size, histological type, pTNM stage, pT stage, pN stage, and adjuvant treatment were independent factors for OS.ConclusionsComplete RPND brings survival benefits to patients with right‐sided NSCLC. We suggest complete RPND as a standard procedure for patients with right‐sided NSCLC.
Genome‐wide screening for selection signatures in native and cosmopolitan cattle breeds reared in Türkiye
Authors: Demir Eymen , Moravčíková Nina , Kaya Sarp , Kasarda Radovan , Bilginer Ümit , Doğru Huriye , Balcıoğlu Murat Soner , Karslı Taki 
Published: October 2023

AbstractVia long‐term natural and artificial selection pressure, homozygosity may extend across the genome, leaving genomic patterns called selection signatures. This study is the first attempt to assess genome‐wide selection signatures in six native Turkish and two cosmopolitan cattle breeds by 211.119 bi‐allelic SNPs recovered using the double digest restriction associated DNA sequencing method. The integrated haplotype score (iHS) statistic was utilised to reveal selection signatures within populations, whereas the cross‐population extended haplotype homozygosity (XP‐EHH) and fixation index (FST) approaches were preferred to reveal differently fixed genomic regions between native Turkish and cosmopolitan cattle breeds. Selection signatures in 142 genomic regions containing 305 genes were detected within eight cattle breeds by iHS statistics. The XP‐EHH and FST approaches revealed that 197 and 114 SNPs were under selection pressure, respectively, which overlapped with 144 and 190 genes, respectively. A total of 18 genes were detected by at least two approaches. Six genes related to disease resistance (TTP2), meat yield (DIAPH3 and METTL21C), meat quality (ZNF24 and ZNF397) and first calving interval (ZSCAN30) turned out to be differently fixed between native Turkish and cosmopolitan cattle breeds, as they were identified by both XP‐EHH and FST approaches. In addition, the iHS approach revealed that eight genes associated with visual modality (LSGN), olfaction (MOXD2, OR4C1F and OR4C1F), and immune response (TRBV3‐1 and CLDN10) were under selection pressure in both native and cosmopolitan cattle breeds. Owing to their being significantly related to survival traits, these regions may have played a key role in cattle genome evolution. Future studies utilising denser genetic data are required to obtain deeper knowledge on effects of natural and artificial selection in Anatolian cattle breeds. © 2023 Stichting International Foundation for Animal Genetics.
Organ blood flow assessment with the ModulHeart cardiorenal support device
Authors: Georges Gabriel , Trudeau François , Potvin Jeannot , Burkhoff Daniel , Généreux Philippe 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundModulHeart (Puzzle Medical Devices Inc) is a novel percutaneous flow entrainment pump anchored in the descending aorta. The current study evaluates the hemodynamic effect of ModulHeart support and its impact on cerebral, myocardial, and renal blood flow.MethodsModulHeart was implanted in the descending aorta of four healthy calves. A ramp protocol (2000 RPM increments) was performed with the pump operating at five different speeds from 14 000 to 22 000 RPM. For each speed, pressures proximal and distal to the pump, and right heart catheterization measurements were recorded. Stable‐isotope labeled microspheres were injected in the left ventricle to evaluate organ perfusion.ResultsThermodilution cardiac output increased by 23% at 22 000 RPM. Greater pump speeds resulted in greater pump gradients, up to 10 mm Hg in mean arterial pressure at 22 000 RPM, without significant reduction of proximal perfusion pressures. Arterial pulse pressure remained stable at all speeds. ModulHeart was not associated with a reduction in cerebral or myocardial blood flow at any speed. Renal cortical and medullary blood flow increased by up to 50% and 40%, respectively.ConclusionThe ModulHeart device implanted in the descending aorta of healthy calves resulted in significant arterial pressure gradients and preserved pulse pressure. Greater pump speeds translated into greater increases in renal blood flow, with no decrease in cerebral or myocardial perfusion.
Making salient ethics arguments about vaccine mandates: A California case study
Authors: Navin Mark C. , Attwell Katie 
Published: October 2023

AbstractVaccine mandates can take many forms, and different kinds of mandates can implicate an array of values in diverse ways. It follows that good ethics arguments about particular vaccine mandates will attend to the details of individual policies. Furthermore, attention to particular mandate policies—and to attributes of the communities they aim to govern—can also illuminate which ethics arguments may be more salient in particular contexts. If ethicists want their arguments to make a difference in policy, they should attend to these kinds of empirical considerations. This paper focuses on the most common and contentious vaccine mandate reform in the contemporary United States: the elimination of nonmedical exemptions (NMEs) to school and daycare vaccine mandates. It highlights, in particular, debates about California's Senate Bill 277 (SB277), which was the first successful recent effort to eliminate NMEs in that country. We use media, secondary sources, and original interviews with policymakers and activists to identify and evaluate three ethics arguments offered by critics of SB277: parental freedom, informed consent, and children's rights to care and education. We then turn to one ethics argument often offered by advocates of SB277: harm prevention. We note, however, that three arguments for mandates that are common in the immunization ethics literature—fairness/free‐riding, children's rights to vaccination, and utilitarianism—did not play a role in debates about SB277.
Opt‐out, mandated choice and informed consent
Authors: Saunders Ben 
Published: October 2023

AbstractA number of authors criticise opt‐out (or ‘deemed consent’) systems for failing to secure valid consent to organ donation. Further, several suggest that mandated choice offers a more ethical alternative. This article responds to criticisms that opt‐out does not secure informed consent. If we assume current (low) levels of public awareness, then the explicit consent secured under mandated choice will not be informed either. Conversely, a mandated choice policy might be justifiable if accompanied by a significant public education campaign. However, if this entitles us to assume that members of the public are informed, then an opt‐out system would also be justified in the same circumstances. The alleged advantages of mandated choice seem to rest on an unfair comparison, between mandated choice with a public education campaign and an opt‐out system without one. While it may be that some countries with opt‐out systems should do more to inform their publics, I see no reason to assume that this cannot be done. Indeed, advocates of mandated choice seem committed to thinking it possible to raise awareness. If opt‐out systems adopt the same methods, such as writing to every individual, this should also address concerns about whether consent is informed.
Severity and deservedness determine signalled trustworthiness in third party punishment
Authors: Salcedo Juan C. , Jimenez‐Leal William 
Published: October 2023

AbstractStudies on third‐party punishment (TPP) have shown it promotes cooperation and prosocial behaviour, albeit at a cost to the punisher. Contrary to the view that such punishment is entirely altruistic, recent research suggests that punishers gain reputational benefits from third‐party punishing in the form of increased trustworthiness. Nevertheless, both how the signal is determined and the honesty of the signalling function of TPP have not been fully examined. Here we present the results of four experiments (n = 1695, prolific.co) in which we examined how TPP signalling varies as a function of its deservedness and severity. Experiments 1A and 1B use incentivized economic game paradigms to show how deservedness, impacts the trustworthiness signalled by the punisher. Experiment 2A expands on traditional dichotomous punishment decisions to show how signalled trustworthiness depends on different levels of TPP severity. Experiment 2B isolates the signalling effectiveness of severity by decoupling it from the corresponding incurred cost to punish and examines its impact on signalled trustworthiness. Overall, we found that punishment signalling is sensitive to deservedness and severity but not independent of other factors such as the cost to punish.
Experience of a single academic institution with the National Accreditation Program for Rectal Cancer and the resulting improvement in care
Authors: Johns Alexandra J. , Yoon Paul S. , Sabo Anthony J. , Huynh Timothy T. , Farmer Diana L. , Navarro Shannon M. , Farkas Linda M. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAimThe American College of Surgeons Committee on Cancer developed the National Accreditation Program for Rectal Cancer (NAPRC) to reduce variations in rectal cancer care, standardize clinical practice and encourage multidisciplinary approaches. The aim of this study was to analyse if accreditation achieved a higher quality of care at one hospital.MethodThe University of California Davis Medical Center was accredited in 2019. A retrospective review of rectal adenocarcinoma patients was performed between the years 2013 and 2018. Patients presenting from 2013 to 2015 were discussed at a gastrointestinal tumour board while patients in 2018 had an accredited rectal cancer tumour board. Patients from 2016 to 2017 were excluded as the programme was still developing. Compliance to the NAPRC standards was compared between the cohorts.ResultsOne hundred and thirty patients were evaluated, 88 (68%) in the prerectal tumour board cohort and 42 (32%) in the rectal tumour board cohort. The prerectal tumour board cohort often failed to meet attendance standards. All patients in the rectal tumour board cohort met all criteria. Similarly, clinical service compliance improved in the rectal tumour board cohort for 13 metrics, 10 of which were statistically significant. Although a high proportion of patients in both groups experienced quality surgery, i.e. complete total mesorectal excision and negative margins, the lack of complete pathological reporting in the prerectal tumour board cohort limited analysis.ConclusionMultidisciplinary rectal cancer tumour boards are associated with improved compliance with recommended care by the NAPRC. Patients discussed at a rectal cancer tumour board were more likely to receive appropriate staging, coordinated care and have better clinical documentation.
Age‐related changes in muscle thickness, echo intensity and shear modulus of the iliocapsularis
Authors: Sakata Haruka , Tateuchi Hiroshige , Yagi Masahide , Kobayashi Kotono , Ichihashi Noriaki 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPurposeThis study aimed to clarify age‐related changes in the iliocapsularis (IC) using indicators of quantity, quality, and mechanical properties. We also compared the age‐related changes in the IC and other hip muscles.MethodsEighty‐seven healthy women (ages: 21–82 years, mean age: 45.9 ± 15.7 years) participated in the experiment. We measured thickness, echo intensity, and shear modulus of the IC, iliacus muscle, rectus femoris, and the thickness and shear modulus of the hip joint capsule. Spearman's rank correlation coefficient was used to measure the association of age with variables measured in the muscles and joint capsule.ResultsThickness of the iliacus muscle and rectus femoris decreased significantly with age, but the thickness of the IC and hip joint capsule showed no significant correlation. The echo intensities of the IC, iliacus muscle, and rectus femoris were positively correlated, which increased with age. Furthermore, the shear modulus of the iliacus, rectus femoris, and hip joint capsule showed an increase with age, whereas the shear modulus of the IC exhibited no correlation with age.ConclusionThe muscle quality of the IC changed significantly, unlike that of the iliacus or rectus femoris. Additionally, the correlation with echo intensity was relatively weaker in the IC compared with the iliacus or rectus femoris.
Light and temperature drive the distribution of mesophotic benthic communities in the Central Indian Ocean
Authors: Diaz Clara , Howell Kerry L. , Robinson Edward , Hosegood Philip , Bolton Adam , Ganderton Peter , Arber Peter , Attrill Martin J. , Foster Nicola L. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAimResearch on mesophotic coral ecosystems (MCEs) has increased exponentially in recent decades, and the significance of this ecosystem has been recognised both in terms of biodiversity and distribution. However, this research has mostly focussed on corals and is globally sporadic, with the Indian Ocean remaining largely unexplored and overall MCEs under protected. Hence, baseline data on MCE benthic communities is lacking, but nonetheless essential for developing adequate management strategies. Here, we assess the variation in diversity and community structure of MCEs along the depth gradient and among sites in the Indian Ocean and the environmental parameters that are potentially driving these differences.LocationEgmont Atoll, Chagos Archipelago, central Indian Ocean.Time PeriodPresent.Major Taxa StudiedMarine benthic invertebrates, plants.MethodsUsing a remotely operated vehicle, we collected video transects between 15 and 160 m. We analysed the diversity and composition of benthic communities and used DistLM analysis to determine the environmental drivers of the community structure over the depth gradient and between sites.ResultsWe observed distinct benthic communities along the depth gradient, with a strong community break observed at ~60 m. We also identified a clear zonation of the benthic taxa with depth. This zonation was primarily driven by downward irradiance and temperature, with additional environmental processes playing a minor role in structuring the benthic communities.Main ConclusionsWe show that MCEs in the Chagos Archipelago are distinct communities, and their distribution is driven primarily by irradiance and temperature. Our results highlight the variability in benthic community structure of MCEs, both along the depth gradient and at local geographical scales for the study region. This study showcases the uniqueness of MCEs and will aid in predicting their distribution, potential refugia for shallow reefs, and in developing evidence‐based protection for MCEs, to maintain overall marine biodiversity.
Male Barbary macaques choose loyal coalition partners which may increase their coalition network betweenness
Authors: Schülke Oliver , Rathke Eva‐Maria , Berghänel Andreas , Ostner Julia 
Published: October 2023

AbstractReciprocity in the form of contingent exchanges of goods and services is widespread across animals. While there is ample evidence for helping to be contingent upon the help received from a partner, less attention has been paid to partner avoidance based on harm inflicted by a partner. Here, we investigated whether partner choice for agonistic support against powerful targets is guided by loyalty received, i.e., the tendency to refrain from attacking the subject in a coalition with any third partner. We further assessed whether loyalty received by all cooperation partners may generate increased levels of betweenness in the coalition network of a group, a measure of indirect connectedness that has previously been associated with fitness benefits. Based on observational data from male coalitions against male group mates in Barbary macaques (Macaca sylvanus), loyalty received was found to predict the frequency of cooperation in coalitions and the loyalty given to a partner. We propose that loyalty‐guided reciprocity will be favored in species with rank‐changing coalitions where defection is particularly risky. The more loyal a male's cooperation partners were, the more central he was in the coalition network in terms of higher in betweenness, suggesting a cognitively simple strategy underlying complex network positioning. Analyses of simulated data suggest strong correlations of loyalty and betweenness to be more prevalent in the relatively small groups characteristic of many primate species.
Role of defects and microstructure on the fatigue durability of Inconel 718 obtained by additive layer manufacturing route
Authors: Sanchez‐Camargo Cesar‐Moises , Nadot Yves , Cormier Jonathan , Lefebvre Fabien , Kan Wen Hao , Chiu Louis Ngai Sum , Li Chen , Huang Aijun 
Published: October 2023

AbstractA Laser Powder Bed Fusion Inconel 718 produced with intentionally non‐optimized parameters is investigated to understand the role of defects and microstructure on the high‐cycle fatigue life. Samples from three built directions and three heat treatments were used for fatigue tests at room and 650°C under
. Printing orientation has a minor effect on fatigue life at both temperatures. Most samples failed from lack of fusion defects, carefully analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) observations. Surface defect leads to transgranular fracture surface, while subsurface initiation leads to crystallographic fracture surface.
curves related to hot isostatic pressure condition shown that defects have higher influence at
than at 650°C. Kitagawa diagrams are plotted for both temperatures to quantify the influence of defect size on fatigue limit. Natural cracks are observed at the surface in order to discuss the relative part of initiation life in the whole fatigue life.