bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Absorption of naloxone in patients prescribed buprenorphine‐naloxone
Authors: Michel Ian , Ochal Domenic , Paharia Aniket , Jannetto Paul , Breitinger Scott , Oesterle Tyler 
Published: February 2025

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesWhen administered as prescribed, the naloxone component of buprenorphine‐naloxone combination medications is putatively considered inert due to reduced naloxone bioavailability via transmucosal. However, there is a growing body of evidence to the contrary. The aim of our study is to determine the extent of naloxone absorption in a large cohort of patients receiving sublingual buprenorphine‐naloxone.MethodsUsing the Mayo Clinic Unified Data Platform, 425 patients prescribed sublingual buprenorphine/naloxone who received a controlled substance monitoring panel (CSMP) between January 1, 2022, and January 1, 2023 were identified and included. The CSMP is an immunoassay panel that confirms positive results quantitatively with gas chromatography mass spectrometry or liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. This panel provides urinary detection for buprenorphine (cutoff: 5 ng/mL), naloxone (25 ng/mL), as well as their respective metabolites norbuprenorphine (5 ng/mL), norbuprenorphine‐glucuronide (20 ng/mL), and naloxone‐glucuronide (100 ng/mL).ResultsOf our 425 patients, 76% had norbuprenorphine (n = 323), and 77% had norbuprenorphine‐glucuronide (n = 327) in their toxicology tests, respectively. Naloxone‐glucuronide was detected in 91% (n = 294) of the specimens with norbuprenorphine and 88.7% (n = 290) of the specimens with norbuprenorphine‐glucuronide.Conclusion and Scientific SignificanceTo our knowledge, this is the largest study to date demonstrating the presence of naloxone metabolites in patients taking combined buprenorphine‐naloxone medications. The results of this study refute the notion that naloxone absorption is negligible when administered in sublingual preparations. Further research on how this absorption impacts medication usage, dosing, adherence, and side effects is necessary.
Alienation, equality, and multifaith establishment
Authors: Shorten Andrew 
Published: February 2025

AbstractReligious establishment today often takes a multifaith form, whereby multiple religions are supported in different ways and to different degrees. In order to contribute to the development of a normative framework for assessing practices and regimes of multifaith establishment, this article recommends the concept of “social alienation.” Initially, social alienation is defended as a negative normative criterion to determine when specific establishment practices are unacceptable. This criterion is compared favorably with approaches that evaluate establishment practices by reference to an ideal of public reason or according to whether they convey an expressive harm, as well as with similar approaches based on a purely subjective understanding of alienation. Subsequently, it is also argued that addressing social alienation can support a case for multifaith religious establishment regimes that support or recognize minority religions, since it is often unequal establishment practices that socially alienate, not establishment as such.
Appropriating corporate personhood: Constructions of the person‐corporation and native nation sovereignty
Authors: Lewis Courtney 
Published: February 2025

AbstractOver the past century, debates have raged about the validity of United States corporate personhood and the scope of a person‐corporation's rights. While important, these discussions have also erased marginalized peoples’ use of corporate personhood as a strategy for securing the rights denied them by governments. This is the case with the Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians (EBCI), who incorporated in 1847 to ensure their own rights and protections at a time when their political sovereignty and human rights were being systematically violated. Although legal recognition of corporate personhood began in 1818, the granting of previously human‐only rights to person‐corporations has accelerated via recent court cases. In this article, I briefly examine how, over time, the US has conferred personhood on corporations. I then deconstruct what this personhood can tell us about the beliefs and practices regarding the meaning of being a person in the United States. Through this, I demonstrate that the act of conferring personhood—the accountability of who is counted as a person and by whom—manifests the underlying ontologies and purposes of what it is to be a person, whether it is through US incorporation laws or in the EBCI's sovereignty protections.
Necessity and Identity in Hegel's Theory of Modality
Authors: Froese Ryan 
Published: February 2025

AbstractReadings of Hegel's account of modality tend to emphasize the “necessity of contingency” thesis. In this paper, I argue that this is not the primary aim of Hegel's “Actuality” chapter in the Science of Logic. Instead of arguing simply for the necessity of contingency, Hegel argues for the identity between contingency and necessity. I offer a reading of formal, real, and absolute modality in Hegel's Logic that shows how this identity claim is established, demonstrating that necessity is not simply that which cannot be otherwise, but a process whereby something becomes what it is in becoming its other.
Cartelization and Expected Crash Risk: Evidence From Global Leniency Laws
Authors: Wang Dongyue , Kim Jeong‐Bon , Lu Louise Yi , Yu Yangxin 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTExploiting the staggered passage of leniency laws in foreign countries to which United States (US) firms are exposed that exogenously renders cartelization less feasible, we show that firms’ expected crash risk significantly increases following the passage of foreign leniency laws. This increase is more evident for firms more likely to engage in collusion, for firms whose managers face greater pressure to conceal poor performance, and when information intermediaries are less effective in assisting investors’ information processing. We further explore the underlying mechanism through which cartelization affects expected crash risk and find that firms with greater exposure to foreign leniency laws exhibit stronger asymmetric responses to bad versus good news disclosures and lower accounting conservatism. Overall, this study shows that cartelization mitigates managers’ bad news hoarding, thus influencing investors’ perceptions of a firm's future crash risk.
Single‐Step Breeding Value Estimations and Optimum Contribution Selection in Endangered Dual‐Purpose German Black Pied Cattle (DSN) Using a Breed Specific SNP Chip
Authors: Wolf M. , Yin T. , Neumann G. B. , Kokuć P. , Brockmann G. A. , König S. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThe aims of the present study were to perform single‐step genomic predictions in the dual‐purpose German Black Pied cattle (DSN) breed considering a DSN specific SNP chip (DSN_200 K), and to use the corresponding estimated breeding values (EBV) in ongoing optimum genetic contribution (OGC) selection. All results were compared with the application of the commercial Illumina BovineSNP50 BeadChip (50 K). The traits of interest in the present study (due to the differing breeding history of these traits in the past) included 305‐day lactation protein percentage (Pro%) of 9029 DSN cows, fat‐to‐protein ratio (FPR) from the first test‐day of 8773 DSN cows, and stature (STAT) measured in cm of 4409 DSN cows. The DSN cows represented the calving years 2008–2019. Genotyping of 2797 DSN animals was conducted using both the DSN_200 K and the 50 K. From the genotyped animals, a subset of 1800 cows had phenotypic records for all three traits FPR, Pro% and STAT. Heritabilities from the single‐step genetic parameter estimations were quite large for Pro% (0.69) and STAT (0.78), but small for FPR (0.11). The choice of the SNP chip only had minor effects on variance components, heritabilities and EBVs. Furthermore, genetic parameters were very similar from genetic‐statistical models additionally considering a linear regression on pedigree‐based inbreeding coefficients. OGC selection was applied to a pool of 1125 pre‐selected bull sires (BS) and bull dams (BD). A more relaxed genetic relationship constraint was associated with favourable effects on the average EBVs for Pro%, FPR and STAT, and a declining number of selected BS. The gains in genetic merit were marginal when relaxing the constraint at 0.06 for the genetic relationships or higher. The same associations were found for an overall breeding index (I‐DSN), considering the three traits with equal weights. Consequently, we suggested OGC applications with a genetic relationship constraint of 0.06, which contributed to genetic gain in I‐DSN of 17.9%, and to increased diversity due to an increased number of BS, when compared to the current practical elite animal selection scheme. A large number of finally selected BS and BD was identical when either using EBV from the DSN_200 K or from the 50 K. From such perspective, we only see marginal extra value for the specific DSN SNP‐chip application.
Geographical Distribution, Habitat Suitability and Epidemiological Factors of Tef Head Smudge Disease in the Western Amhara Region, Ethiopia
Authors: Birhanie Melkamu , Dires Girmay 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTTef head smudge (Curvularia miyakei) is an economically important plant disease in the warm‐humid regions of the Western Amhara Region, Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the geographical distribution, habitat suitability and epidemiological factors influencing the incidence and severity of Tef head smudge disease. The result of the study depicted that Tef head smudge disease is widely distributed across the region at varying levels of incidence and severity. Sowing date, soil type, altitude and growth stage are the key epidemiological factors contributing to the variability in the incidence and severity of Tef head smudge disease. Moreover, isothermally, temperature seasonality and minimum temperature of the coldest month bioclimatic variables significantly influenced Tef head smudge disease dynamics. Our study also predicted the current habitat suitability of Tef head smudge disease using the MaxEnt (maximum entropy) species distribution model. The model was good in predicting Tef head smudge disease with an AUC (area under the Receiver Operating Curve) of 0.85. According to the model, 31.18%, 44.46% and 14.33% of the areas have highly suitable, moderately suitable and low suitable suitability respectively, whereas 10.03% of the areas have unsuitable suitability to Tef head smudge disease. This result underscores that a significant portion of the Western Amhara Region (75.64%) and similar agro‐ecologies are at risk of Tef head smudge disease outbreaks. Therefore, it is important to implement targeted breeding programs and disease management strategies to ensure food security in regions where tef is a primary food source and Tef head smudge is prevalent.
Azelaic Acid Induces Resistance in Coffea arabica Against Infection by Hemileia vastatrix, the Causal Agent of Coffee Leaf Rust
Authors: Brás Verônica Vieira , Silva Leandro Castro , Silva Bruno Nascimento , Lata‐Tenesaca Luis Felipe , Souza Ana Carolina , Rodrigues Fabrício Ávila 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTCoffee leaf rust (CLR), caused by the fungus Hemileia vastatrix, is a very devastating disease affecting coffee production in many countries worldwide and causing yield losses that range from 15% to 50%. High CLR intensity on coffee trees impairs photosynthesis and causes intense defoliation resulting in fewer and smaller fruit berries on trees. New control methods for CLR that will reduce the use of fungicides and production costs need to be investigated and used in an integrated disease management program. In this study, it was hypothesised that azelaic acid (AzA), a C9 dicarboxylic acid (oxylipin) known to be involved in systemic acquired resistance, could boost defence reactions on the leaves of coffee (Coffea arabica, cultivar Catuaí Vermelho—IAC44) against infection by H. vastatrix. In the in vitro assay, urediniospores germination was significantly reduced (81%–86%) by AzA with concentrations from 1 to 20 mM. Fungal sporulation was much more intense on the leaves from water‐sprayed plants compared to leaves from AzA‐sprayed plants at both 22 and 30 days after inoculation (dai). The area under CLR progress curve and the intensity of fungal sporulation were significantly lower by 82% and 83%, respectively, and the incubation period was higher by 31% for AzA‐sprayed plants compared to water‐sprayed ones. The AzA‐sprayed plants infected by H. vastatrix displayed less photosynthetic impairments considering the greater values for rate of net CO2 assimilation, internal CO2 concentration, transpiration rate, and maximum photochemical efficiency of photosystem II compared to water‐sprayed and infected ones. On top of that, these plants displayed higher concentrations of chlorophyll a + b and carotenoids and a more robust antioxidative metabolism (increased ascorbate peroxidase, catalase, and glutathione reductase activities at 12 dai). Interestingly, activities of chitinase, β‐1,3‐glucanase, phenylalanine ammonia‐lyase, peroxidase, and polyphenoloxidase were lower for AzA‐sprayed plants as a result of reduced colonisation and sporulation of H. vastatrix in contrast to water‐sprayed and infected ones. Higher concentration of superoxide anion radical for AzA‐sprayed plants and infected by H. vastatrix at 12, 22, and 30 dai may have helped to reduce the colonisation of coffee leaf tissues by H. vastatrix besides having a citotoxic fungistatic effect against the fungus. These results strongly support the potential of AzA to negatively affect the germination of urediniospores from H. vastatrix as well as to hamper the infection process of H. vastatrix on coffee leaves.
Experiences of Nurses Regarding Self‐Care: A Qualitative Systematic Review and Meta‐Synthesis
Authors: Bay Bryan Rui Ze , Chua Joelle Yan Xin , Shorey Shefaly 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTNurses are susceptible to burnout, making it crucial for them to engage in self‐care. This review consolidated the experiences of nurses regarding self‐care. Seven electronic databases were searched from inception till October 2024: PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Web of Science, Scopus, and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global. The enhancing transparency in reporting the synthesis of qualitative research statements and Sandelowski and Barroso's guidelines guided this review. Quality appraisal of included studies was conducted using the Critical Appraisal Skills Program tool. Data were thematically synthesized. Confidence in review findings was evaluated using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation‐Confidence in the Evidence from Reviews of Qualitative research approach. Three main themes were identified from the 24 included studies: (1) Being a nurse: An occupational hazard towards self‐care, (2) Catalyst towards self‐care, and (3) Call to action. Nurses' poor engagement in self‐care practices were due to work‐related challenges (e.g., working hours), poor self‐care awareness, and negative influence from their colleagues and leaders. Conversely, nurses were motivated to engage in self‐care when they received encouragement from their peers and leaders.
Patient Education During Hospitalization From the Perspective of Nurse Managers: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Longhini Jessica , Ambrosi Elisa , Tescaro Barbara , Derugna Noemi , Ferro Maria Luisa , Canzan Federica 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThe aim of this study was to explore patient education in surgical and medical wards from the perspective of nurse managers. A qualitative descriptive study was conducted with 28 nurse managers from 34 wards in two hospitals, using content analysis. Three themes were identified. The first “Characteristics of patient education” highlights the definitions, goals, and interdisciplinary nature of patient education, emphasizing its role in promoting autonomy and safe discharge. The second “Delivering patient education” focuses on the content, methods, and timing of education. While some managers supported routine care integration, others preferred dedicated sessions, highlighting a need for flexibility in approaches. The third “Evaluating and Improving Patient Education” examines assessment strategies, outcome tracking, and quality maintenance. Effective patient education was linked to reduced readmissions and fewer support calls. Documentation was seen as both essential and burdensome. The study underscores the complexity and benefits of patient education while addressing challenges like time constraints and workload. Recommended strategies include staff training, developing educational tools, structured but flexible approaches, enhanced documentation, and fostering interprofessional collaboration.
The Mediating Effect of Compassion on the Relationship Between Psychological Capital and Therapeutic Spiritual Care Among Oncology Nurses in Türkiye: A Mediation Model Analyses
Authors: Malak Akgün Bahanur , Toptaş Kılıç Sevcan , Kovalı Aynur Seda 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThis study aimed to investigate the mediating effect of oncology nurses' compassion on the relationship between psychological capital and therapeutic spiritual care. A total of 201 Turkish nurses (aged> 18 years) working in an oncology clinic in Türkiye were investigated. Data were collected between January and May 2022 using the snowball method. The data collection process involved a descriptive information form, the Psychological Capital Scale, the Compassion Scale, and the Nurse Spiritual Care Therapeutics Scale. The PROCESS macro for SPSS was used to test the mediation model. The results revealed that oncology nurses' compassion plays a partially mediating effect in the relationship between psychological capital and therapeutic spiritual care. Psychological capital positively predicts compassion, and psychological capital and compassion positively predict therapeutic spiritual care. Nurse leaders should pay attention to the compassion and psychological capital of oncology nurses who provide spiritual care and offer solutions to help these nurses exhibit high levels of compassion and psychological capital.
Pediatric Awake Craniotomy: An Educational Review
Authors: Henry Maria Nabil , Shahin Maryam N. , Stevens Ian , Calvert Jessica , Colgan Dana Dharmakaya , Vega Michael , Collins Kelly 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundAwake craniotomies with functional cortical mapping are performed to minimize post‐operative deficits from the resection of lesions adjacent to eloquent cortex. The procedure is well‐established in the adult patient population and is increasingly applied to well‐selected pediatric patients. A review of recent literature demonstrated that the most commonly reported anesthetic techniques were “asleep‐awake‐asleep” protocols that relied on propofol, remifentanil, or fentanyl.Main ArticleThis educational review discusses the unique challenges that face the anesthesiology and neurosurgical teams when working with the pediatric population. To further illustrate pediatric‐specific considerations, a case of a 9‐year‐old boy who underwent a resection of a large left peri‐rolandic ependymoma is presented, including his multidisciplinary pre‐operative, intra‐operative, and post‐operative care.ConclusionAwake craniotomies can safely be performed in the pediatric population with appropriate patient selection, planning, and a multi‐disciplinary approach.
National identity and the ownership of English in Nigeria
Authors: Ugwuanyi Kingsley O. , Mckenzie Robert M. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractIt has been argued that, especially in non‐Inner Circles of English, whether or not speakers consider language to be a harbinger of national identity affects their positioning as owners of that language. A plethora of prior studies have also demonstrated that language is of central importance regarding the ways in which people enact their national identities. In the case of Nigeria, national language(s) rhetoric has been particularly contentious. This study presents findings from a larger study employing a mixed‐methods approach to examine Nigerian university students’ perceptions (N = 387) of English language ownership. Analysis revealed that respondents’ sense of national identity was a major factor in enacting (English) language ownership. The findings from the study also indicated that the extent to which speakers outwith Inner Circle contexts exercise linguistic ownership over English can depend upon both the specific sociolinguistic milieu and the degree to which English expresses national identity.
Trends in clinical encounters and management for infertility among women attending Australian general practice: a national longitudinal study using MedicineInsight, 2011 to 2021
Authors: Fernandez Renae C , Moore Vivienne , Boyle Jacqueline , Rumbold Alice R , Davies Michael , Mazza Danielle , Grzeskowiak Luke E 
Published: February 2025

ObjectiveTo examine longitudinal trends in infertility management in women attending general practice.DesignCohort study using the national general practice dataset, MedicineInsight.SettingAustralian general practice.Intervention(s)Not applicable.ParticipantsThe cohort included 2 552 339 women aged 18–49 years with one or more general practice clinical encounters between January 2011 and December 2021.Primary and secondary outcome measures(s)The primary outcome assessed was the proportion of women who had a clinical encounter related to infertility, stratified by year and age group. Second, the proportions of women receiving relevant clinical management actions, including selected pathology tests, imaging ordered and selected medications, were calculated. Univariable logistic regression analyses compared the likelihood of women having a documented clinical encounter related to infertility and receiving selected management actions based on individual characteristics. We also examined practice-level variation in the proportion receiving selected management for infertility by stratifying proportions based on practice site.ResultsA total of 2 552 339 women had one or more clinical encounters with their general practitioner (GP) between January 2011 and December 2021, of which 27 671 (1.1%) had a clinical encounter related to infertility management. The rate of infertility encounters increased from 3.4 per 1000 in 2011 to 5.7 per 1000 in 2021. Over episodes of care, half (50.9%) of women presenting for an infertility encounter had at least one specified pathology test, and almost a quarter (23.1%) had a specified imaging test. A relatively small proportion of infertility encounters (5.4%) resulted in prescribing of a selected infertility medication by the GP.Large variation in clinical management (pathology, imaging and medication prescribing) was evident according to both individual characteristics and also at the clinical-practice level. Factors associated with increased likelihood of being provided infertility medications included younger age, holding a Commonwealth concession card (indicating low income), lower socioeconomic status and living outside a major city.ConclusionsClinical encounters related to infertility are increasing in primary care, with large variation evident in corresponding clinical management. These findings support the development of clinical practice guidelines to enhance standardised and equitable approaches towards the management of infertility in primary care.