bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Marked enhancement in gene expression by targeting the human insulin receptor
Authors: Zhang Yun , Boado Ruben J. , Pardridge William M. 
Published: January 2003

AbstractBackgroundExogenous genes can be delivered to cells without viral vectors using an “artificial virus” comprised of nonviral plasmid DNA encapsulated in the interior of 85 nm pegylated immunoliposomes (PIL). The liposomes are targeted to cells with receptor‐specific targeting ligands such as receptor‐specific peptidomimetic monoclonal antibodies.MethodsThe levels of luciferase gene expression in human or rat glioma cells are measured after targeting the PIL‐encapsulated plasmid DNA via the human insulin receptor, the human epidermal growth factor receptor, or the rat transferrin receptor. The luciferase expression plasmids were either derived from pCEP4, which contains the Epstein‐Barr nuclear antigen‐1/oriP replication system, or from pGL2, which lacks this system for episomal replication of plasmid DNA.ResultsDepending on the plasmid construct used and the receptor targeted, the peak luciferase gene expression varied more than 200‐fold from 1.8 ± 0.1 to 419 ± 31 pg luciferase per mg cell protein. With the same plasmid, the peak level of gene expression following delivery to the cell via the human insulin receptor was 100–200‐fold higher than gene expression following delivery via either the epidermal growth factor receptor or the transferrin receptor. There was no gene expression if the targeting ligand on the PIL was replaced with a nonspecific isotype control antibody.ConclusionsThe extent to which an exogenous gene is expressed within a cell via a nonviral, receptor‐mediated gene transfer technology is determined by the receptor specificity of the targeting ligand. The highest levels of gene expression are obtained after targeting the insulin receptor, and this may derive from the nuclear targeting properties of this receptor system. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Gene therapy and tissue engineering for sports medicine
Authors: Huard Johnny , Li Yong , Peng Hairong , Fu Freddie H. 
Published: January 2003

AbstractSports injuries usually involve tissues that display a limited capacity for healing. The treatment of sports injuries has improved over the past 10 to 20 years through sophisticated rehabilitation programs, novel operative techniques, and advances in the field of biomechanical research. Despite this considerable progress, no optimal solution has been found for treatment of various sports‐related injuries, including muscle injuries, ligament and tendon ruptures, central meniscal tears, cartilage lesions, and delayed bone fracture healing. New biological approaches focus on the treatment of these injuries with growth factors to stimulate and hasten the healing process. Gene therapy using the transfer of defined genes encoding therapeutic proteins represents a promising way to efficiently deliver suitable growth factors into the injured tissue. Tissue engineering, which may eventually be combined with gene therapy, may potentially result in the creation of tissues or scaffolds for regeneration of tissue defects following trauma. In this article we will discuss why gene therapy and tissue engineering are becoming increasingly important in modern orthopaedic sports medicine practice. We then will review recent research achievements in the area of gene therapy and tissue engineering for sports‐related injuries, and highlight the potential clinical applications of this technology in the treatment of patients with musculoskeletal problems following sports‐related injuries. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chronic thalamic stimulation in a patient with spinocerebellar ataxia type 2
Authors: Pirker Walter , Back Claude , Gerschlager Willibald , Laccone Franco , Alesch Francois 
Published: January 2003

AbstractWe report on a patient with spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 (SCA 2) with an unusual clinical presentation, including severe, disabling resting and action tremor and the successful treatment of this tremor syndrome with chronic thalamic stimulation. Using [123I]β‐CIT single photon emission computed tomography, we document a marked degeneration of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system in SCA 2. © 2002 Movement Disorder Society
Deficit of verb generation in nondemented patients with Parkinson's disease
Authors: Péran Patrice , Rascol Olivier , Démonet Jean‐François , Celsis Pierre , Nespoulous Jean‐Luc , Dubois Bruno , Cardebat Dominique 
Published: January 2003

AbstractClinical and neuroimaging studies have shown that verb processing suggests a preferential participation of a prefrontal network, which is dysfunctional in Parkinson's disease (PD). To assess a verb processing deficit in PD, we compared noun‐ and verb‐generation tasks for 34 nondemented PD patients (according to the Dementia Rating Scale) with 34 matched normal subjects, using two intracategory tasks (noun/noun and verb/verb generation) and two intercategory tasks (noun/verb and verb/noun generation). PD patients were significantly impaired in the two tasks involving verb production, i.e., verb/verb and noun/verb generation, whereas their performance was similar to those of controls in the two tasks requiring noun production. For the two impaired tasks, we assessed 1) the influence of lexical competition that corresponds to the presence of several candidate words for a given stimulus; 2) the influence of slight cognitive dysfunction; and 3) the influence of motor deficit. Significant correlations were found between DRS scores and performance on the noun/verb task, and no significant correlations were found between lexical competition or motor deficit and performance. The specific deficit for verb production in PD patients is discussed in relation to deficits affecting either action or grammatical representations. © 2002 Movement Disorder Society
Acute effect of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation on tremor
Authors: Munhoz Renato P. , Hanajima Ritsuko , Ashby Peter , Lang Anthony E. 
Published: January 2003

AbstractBased on the claims that transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation is effective in myoclonic dystonia and essential tremor, we evaluated its acute effects in 5 patients with essential tremor and 2 patients with tremor attributed to peripheral neuropathy using as parameters the Washington Heights‐Inwood Genetic Study of Essential Tremor rating scale, self‐reported impression, and recording of electromyographic activity. We found no significant improvement in any of the parameters tested. © 2002 Movement Disorder Society
Effects of CB1 cannabinoid receptor modulating compounds on the hyperkinesia induced by high‐dose levodopa in the reserpine‐treated rat model of Parkinson's disease
Authors: Segovia Gregorio , Mora Francisco , Crossman Alan R. , Brotchie Jonathan M. 
Published: January 2003

AbstractThe present study was designed to determine the potential of CB1 cannabinoid receptor modulating compounds in the treatment of L‐3,4‐dihydroxyphenylalanine (L‐dopa)–induced dyskinesia in Parkinson's disease. In the reserpine‐treated rat model of parkinsonism, administration of a high dose of L‐dopa (150 mg/kg) but not of Cl‐APB (0.5 mg/kg) or quinpirole (0.5 mg/kg) produced a hyperkinetic state characterised by an increase in horizontal and vertical activity, which likely represent correlates of antiparkinsonian and dyskinetic activity, respectively. Injection of the CB1 cannabinoid receptor antagonist SR141716 (0.1–3 mg/kg) reduced the increase in vertical activity elicited by L‐dopa without affecting the increase in horizontal activity. Injection of the CB1 cannabinoid receptor agonist WIN55,212‐2 (0.1–3 mg/kg) reduced the L‐dopa–induced increase in vertical activity and, at the highest dose only (3 mg/kg), also reduced horizontal activity elicited by L‐dopa. WIN55,212‐2 (1 mg/kg) reduced motor activity induced by both the D1 receptor agonist Cl‐APB (0.5 mg/kg) and the D2 receptor agonist quinpirole (0.5 mg/kg) in the reserpine‐treated rat. SR141716 (1 mg/kg) had no effects on motor activity induced by Cl‐APB (0.5 mg/kg) nor quinpirole (0.5 mg/kg) in the reserpine‐treated rat. Injection of the inhibitor of endocannabinoid transport AM404 (0.1–1 mg/kg) did not affect the increase in horizontal or vertical activity elicited by L‐dopa (150 mg/kg) in the reserpine‐treated rat. The data suggest that both CB1 cannabinoid receptor antagonists and agonists can modulate the behavioural effects of L‐dopa and may be useful for the treatment of the dyskinesia associated with long‐term L‐dopa treatment of Parkinson's disease. © 2002 Movement Disorder Society
Double‐blind, single‐dose, cross‐over study of the effects of pramipexole, pergolide, and placebo on rest tremor and UPDRS part III in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Navan Prithiva , Findley Leslie J. , Jeffs Jim A. R. , Pearce Ronald K. B. , Bain Peter G. 
Published: January 2003

AbstractTremor is one of the cardinal signs of Parkinson's disease (PD) but its response to antiparkinsonian medication is variable. It has been postulated that pramipexole may have a stronger antiparkinsonian tremor effect than pergolide, another direct acting dopamine agonist medication, possibly because the former has preferential affinity for the dopamine D3 receptor. The purpose of this pilot study was to compare the effects of a single oral dose of either pramipexole (Pr) or pergolide (Pe) or placebo (Pl) on parkinsonian tremor and the motor (part III) subsection of the UPDRS. Ten patients (6 men, 4 women), mean age 65.3 years, mean duration from diagnosis of 2.6 years, with tremor dominant PD were recruited. On three separate occasions a single dose of pramipexole (salt) 500 μg, pergolide 500 μg or placebo were administered in random order to each patient, who were pretreated with domperidone and had their antiparkinsonian medication withheld from midnight before study. After each medication patients were assessed at baseline and then every 30 min for 4 hr using a 0 to 10 tremor rating scale and the UPDRS (part III) in a double‐blind protocol. Adverse effects were systematically recorded. The results demonstrate that 500 μg of either pramipexole or pergolide reduced PD rest tremor scores to a similar degree, which at peak effect was significantly greater than placebo (respectively Pe v Pl: P < 0.006, Pr v Pl: P < 0.033). The two active drugs also had weaker beneficial effects on the UPDRS part III. Pergolide, however, was significantly more likely than pramipexole to cause nausea (P = 0.005) or vomiting (P = 0.014). © 2002 Movement Disorder Society
Impact of social functioning and vitality on preference for life in patients with Parkinson's disease
Authors: Morimoto Takeshi , Shimbo Takuro , Orav John E. , Matsui Kunihiko , Goto Masashi , Takemura Manabu , Hira Kenji , Fukui Tsuguya 
Published: January 2003

AbstractThe determinants of preference for life in patients with Parkinson's disease are not well known. We assessed the effect of functional status on the preference for life as measured by the time trade‐off method with a 10‐year life span. Our survey was based on a random sample of 1,200 patients from the Japanese Association of Patients with Parkinson's Disease. Patients' demographics, clinical information, and functional status as measured by the MOS Short Form 36 were considered independent variables. The response rate was 63.5%. Linear regression showed that men had a significantly stronger preference for current health than women (by 10.4 months on a scale of 10 years). Patients with higher physical functioning, social functioning, and vitality had significantly higher preferences for life (each 10‐point improvement in physical or social functioning led to a 1.5‐month increment in preference for current health; a 10‐point improvement in vitality led to a 3‐month increment). Longer duration of disease and advanced Hoehn and Yahr stage were significantly associated with a lower preference for current health (by 0.5 months/year of disease and by 2.6 months/stage). Interventions that target social functioning and vitality may be beneficial to preference for life. © 2002 Movement Disorder Society
S18Y polymorphism in the UCH‐L1 gene and Parkinson's disease: Evidence for an age‐dependent relationship
Authors: Elbaz Alexis , Levecque Clotilde , Clavel Jacqueline , Vidal Jean‐Sébastien , Richard Florence , Corrèze Jean‐René , Delemotte Bernard , Amouyel Philippe , Alpérovitch Annick , Chartier‐Harlin Marie‐Christine , Tzourio Christophe 
Published: January 2003

AbstractWe studied the relationship between Parkinson's disease (PD) and the S18Y polymorphism in the UCH‐L1 gene and the effect on this relationship of age at onset, smoking, and pesticides. Patients requested free health coverage for PD to the Mutualité Sociale Agricole (MSA), the French health insurance organization for people whose work is related to agriculture. Controls requested reimbursement of health expenses to the MSA. A maximum of three controls were matched to each case. Analyses included participants with both parents born in Europe. There were no differences in S18Y genotypes between patients (n = 209; 67% SS, 32% SY, 1% YY) and controls (n = 488; 66% SS, 30% SY, 4% YY). The relationship between PD and S18Y was modified by age at onset (P = 0.03). The Y allele was inversely associated with PD for patients with onset before 61 years (odds ratio [OR] = 0.53; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.29–0.99); there was no association for older patients (62–68 years: OR = 1.21; 95% CI, 0.67–2.20; >68 years: OR = 1.24; 95% CI, 0.67–2.31). Among patients, Y carriers had a later onset than noncarriers (P = 0.04). These findings were not modified or confounded by smoking and pesticides. In this community‐based case‐control study, carriers of the Y allele were at decreased risk of developing PD at a young age, independently of pesticides and smoking. © 2002 Movement Disorder Society
Bandstop characteristics of a triangular microstrip slotted patch as an electromagnetic bandgap (EBG)
Authors: Karpuz Ceyhun 
Published: January 2003

AbstractA novel electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) circuit with a single cell, using a microstrip isosceles triangular patch inserted to the microstrip line, with wideband tuning capability is successfully demonstrated. Both measured and simulated results confirm that the stopband characteristics can easily be controlled by the slot dimensions. Moreover, the proposed EBG structure is simple and compact for MMIC applications. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 36: 149–150, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10704
Gain improvement in L‐band EDFA using unpumped EDF in a double pass system
Authors: Harun S. W. , Tamchek N. , Poopalan P. , Ahmad H. 
Published: January 2003

AbstractA new gain improvement technique for L‐band EDFA is presented. It uses an unpumped EDF in a double‐pass configuration in order to effectively suppress and completely exploit the backward ASE. Compared to a conventional single‐pass amplifier, the gain coefficient can be improved from 1.5 dB/mW to 3.1 dB/mW without much noise figure penalty. The L‐band EDFA can also reduce the pump power necessary to achieve a specified gain by about half, however, this occurs at the cost of noise figure increasing by 1.6 dB. The optimum length for an unpumped EDF is experimentally measured to be 3 m for both single‐pass and double‐pass systems. The maximum gain improvement of 15.5 dB was observed at a signal wavelength of 1572 nm while signal and pump powers were fixed at −30 dBm and 103 mW, respectively. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 36: 154–156, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10706
Finite‐difference time‐domain simulation of resonant modes of rectangular dielectric resonators
Authors: Semouchkina Elena , Semouchkin George , Mittra Raj , Cao Wenwu 
Published: January 2003

AbstractIn this paper we employ finite‐difference time‐domain (FDTD) simulations to study the resonant modes in rectangular dielectric resonators (DRs). Three‐dimensional field patterns for these modes are derived, and the modes are represented by combinations of equivalent electric and magnetic dipoles. The possibility of exciting TM‐type modes in rectangular DRs is demonstrated. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 36: 160–164, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10708
L‐band 360° broad‐bandwidth monolithic analog phase shifter
Authors: Liu K. , Pun E. Y. B. , Tian X. J. 
Published: January 2003

AbstractAn L‐band 360° broad‐bandwidth analog phase shifter is designed using varactor. New design equations for expanding bandwidth and improving linear phase‐shift are derived and applied to performances optimization in one circuit. The analog phase shifter is fabricated using MIC and SMT technologies. At 1.2 ∼ 2.0 GHz (L‐band), total phase‐shift of 360° and linear deviation of less than ±2.5% were obtained, and the insertion loss varied less than 2 dB across the band. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 36: 164–166, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10709
A highly integrable, compact, reliable, and low‐WDL fiber‐optic tap coupler
Authors: Yin Shizhuo , Purwarsumarto Purwadi , Su Wei Hong , Luo Claire 
Published: January 2003

AbstractIn this paper, a highly integrable, compact, reliable, and low wavelength dependent loss (WDL) fiber‐optic tap coupler is presented. The coupler includes a single‐fiber collimator at the input end, a grating beam deflector, a housing, and a specially designed dual‐fiber collimator at the output end. One fiber of the dual‐fiber collimator serves as the output channel and the other fiber serves as the tap channel. To minimize WDL induced by the wavelength‐dependent diffraction efficiency of the phase grating, this dual‐fiber collimator is carefully designed so that wavelength‐dependent diffraction efficiency is largely compensated by the wavelength‐dependent coupling efficiency of the dual‐fiber collimator. A low WDL as small as 0.05 dB is achieved within the whole c‐band region. The tap ratio can also be adjusted by controlling the modulation depth of the diffraction grating. Since this unique coupler can be easily integrated with other fiber‐optic elements, such as variable optic attenuators (VOAs), it can be used to build a variety of fiber‐optic modulates with integrated power monitoring capability. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 36: 166–170, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10710
Approach to a printed quadrifilar helical antenna meshing with the FDTD method
Authors: Letestu Y. , Guiffaut C. , Sharaiha A. 
Published: January 2003

AbstractIn this paper, an analysis of printed quadrifilar helical antennas (PQHAs) using the FDTD method is presented. We develop an in‐house software taking into account the dielectric substrate. A tape form meshing is used in modeling the PQHA strip. A good agreement observed between theory and experimental results proves the validity of the method used by the in‐house code for the PQHAs. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 36: 172–175, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10712
Non‐autonomous chaotic analysis of the colpitts oscillator with Lur'e systems
Authors: Liu Ji‐Chyun , Chou Hsi‐Chiang , Liao Ming Chou , Ho Yi Shun 
Published: January 2003

AbstractThis paper presents a non‐autonomous chaotic analysis of the Colpitts oscillator. It is available for injection‐locked and synchronized designs of communication systems. The injected BJT Colpitts oscillator, constructed with Lur'e systems, is simulated and measured in applications. Using the Runge–Kutta algorithm, the phase portrait, time response, and power spectrum are represented with a series of simulation results. The dynamic maps of locking, transition, and normal areas are depicted by measurements of the related frequencies and output powers. Both simulation and measurement identify the amplitudes and frequencies of the injected sinusoidal wave, which affect the chaos in the Colpitts oscillator. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 36: 175–181, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10713
A flexible continuous beamformer with time delay for an optical‐controlled phased‐array antenna
Authors: Yang Jianliang , Tjin Swee Chuan , Liu Yunqi , Ngo Nam Quoc 
Published: January 2003

AbstractA flexible continuous optical beamformer with time delay for a phased‐array antenna is proposed and demonstrated. It is constructed using a novel tunable chirped fiber grating achieved by bending a uniform grating, and a multi‐wavelength fiber laser based on a novel Sagnac interferemetric filter that consists of a polarization‐maintaining directional coupler and polarization‐maintaining fibers. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 36: 187–190, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10716
Synthesis of a hybrid NLTL frequency doubler: Effects of diodes' parasitic elements
Authors: Duraz E. , Duchamp J. M. , Ferrari P. , Tao J. W. 
Published: January 2003

AbstractWe give some conception rules to design hybrid‐frequency multipliers based on nonlinear transmission lines (NLTLs). The parasitic diodes' impact on the NLTL dispersive behavior and hence on the bandwidth position and conversion efficiency is pointed out. An 18‐section NLTL, designed with GaAs Schottky diodes for a 16–32 GHz frequency doubler, provides 31% conversion efficiency with 19‐dBm output power. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 36: 190–193, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10717
Theoretical analysis of the anomalous dips of scattering parameter S22 in deep sub‐micrometer MOSFETs
Authors: Lin Yo‐Sheng , Lu Shey‐Shi 
Published: January 2003

AbstractIn this paper, a theory based on dual‐feedback circuit methodology is adopted to explain the anomalous dips of scattering parameter S22 in deep sub‐micrometer MOSFETs. It is found that the output impedance intrinsically behaves as a series RC circuit (for low substrate resistance) or a “shifted” series RC circuit (for very high substrate resistance) at low frequencies, and a parallel RC circuit at high frequencies. This inherent triple characteristic of the output impedance can cause two types of anomalous dips of S22 in a Smith chart. In this way, the two experimental results [1, 2], that is, the anomalous dips caused by high substrate resistance and high trans‐conductance (or wide gate‐width), can be explained simultaneously for the first time. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 36: 193–200, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10718
Temperature compensation for a fiber‐Bragg‐grating‐based magnetostrictive sensor
Authors: Yi B. , Chu B. C. B. , Chiang K. S. 
Published: January 2003

AbstractWe demonstrate two simple techniques for the compensation of the temperature effects in a fiber‐Bragg‐grating‐based magnetostrictive sensor. These techniques are based on using two specially mounted fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs). In one technique, the two FBGs, perpendicular to each other, are bonded onto a single magnetostrictive plate, while in the other technique, they are bonded onto two different magnetostrictive bars that possess close thermal expansion coefficients and magnetostrictive coefficients of opposite signs. In both cases, the Bragg wavelength difference between the two FBGs is insensitive to the temperature and measures the sum of the magnetostrictive effects experienced by the two gratings. Using these techniques, we have been able to reduce the temperature sensitivity of the sensor by more than 10 times. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 36: 211–213, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10722