bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heterogeneous multistability and antimonotonicity for a new 3D system with a triple well nonlinearity: theoretical study, control and microcontroller implementation
Authors: Ramakrishnan Balamurali , Kemgang Lucas Kana , Kengne Jacques , Rajagopal Karthikeyan 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
We propose a new 3D autonomous multistable jerk-like system with a nonlinear term consisting of a six-order triple well function. The presence of six equilibrium points with symmetrical locations along the x-axis represents one of the main distinguishing properties of the new system. Strikingly, the stability analysis of equilibria reveals a cascade of Hopf bifurcations at three specific values of a single control parameter, which results in several forms of complexity. Accordingly, various forms of coexisting attractors such as stable fixed points, limit cycles of diverse periodicities, and chaotic attractors are depicted for some special parameter values. Moreover, It is found that the new jerk-like system with six order triple well polynomial function exhibit extremely complex nonlinear behaviors such as anti-monotone bifurcations, hysteresis and parallel bifurcation branches. These latter aspects explain the presence of multiple (i.e. up to four) coexisting asymmetric attractors for some special rank of parameters. In the presence of multiple competing dynamics, we resort to basins of attraction in order to highlight the how the state space is magnetized. The combination of dynamic features discussed in the new jerk-like system with triple well polynomials nonlinearity introduced in this article is unique and rarely reported. An electronic version of the new system with triple well polynomial nonlinearity is implemented in PSpice. Moreover, a hardware digital implementation of the system is also carried out using an Arduino microcontroller. A very good agreement is captured between PSpice simulation results, the laboratory measurements and the theoretical predictions.
Electron vortex generations in photoionization of hydrogen atoms by circularly-polarized chirped attosecond pulses
Authors: Zhang Bingshuang , Liu Xiaoyu , Zhu Fengzheng , Jiao Liguang , Liu Aihua 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
By numerically solving the time-dependent Schrödinger equation and employing the analytical perturbative model, we investigated the chirp-induced electron vortex in the photoionization of hydrogen atoms by a pair of counter-rotating circularly polarized chirped attosecond extremely ultraviolet pulses. We demonstrated that single-photon ionization of hydrogen atoms generates photoelectron momentum distributions (PMDs) with distinct helical vortex structures either with or without a time delay between two counter-rotating circularly polarized laser pulses. These structures are highly sensitive to both the time delay between the pulses and their chirp parameters. Our analytical model reveals that the splitting of vortex spirals is caused by the sign changing of the chirp-induced frequency-dependent time delay. We showed that to obtain the counterpart of the PMD under a pair of counter-rotating circularly polarized chirped pulses, both chirp parameters and ordering of pulses need to be reversed.
α-decay properties of superheavy nuclei with 117 ≤ Z ≤ 120 from the systematics of decay chains and isotopic chains*
Authors: Wan 万 Tao 涛 , Tang 唐 Shu-Lin 树林 , Qian 钱 Yi-Bin 以斌 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Recently, the synthesis of new elements above Z = 118 has been a hot topic in nuclear physics. Meanwhile, the α-decay chain is expected to be the unique tool to identify these heaviest nuclei. We have systematically calculated the α-decay energies and half-lives on the same footing for superheavy nuclei (SHN) within the cluster model along with a slightly modified Woods-Saxon (W.S.) potential as the nuclear potential. Based on the available experimental data, the key radius parameter (R) in the α-core potential is determined via the systematic trend from the α-decay and isotopic chains. The α-decay energy (

) values and half-lives are then obtained simultaneously for those unknown SHN in the range of 117 ≤ Z ≤ 120, during which the decay width is obtained using a new treatment for the asymptotic behavior of the α-core wave function. The theoretical values and experimental data are found to be in excellent agreement for the nuclei

117 and

118 regardless of the method used to determine the R parameter. Predicting the α-decay chains for new elements Z = 119 and Z = 120 can be useful in ongoing or forthcoming experiments.
Validation of short-pulse reflectometry turbulence measurements with a synthetic diagnostic
Authors: Krutkin O. , Kumar U. , Mazzi S. , Brunner S. , Coda S. , Rienäcker S. , van Rossem M. ,   the TCV Team
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Experimental measurements of the turbulence amplitude utilizing a short pulse reflectometry method are presented. Two discharges with shaped plasma possessing opposite signs of triangularity are considered and a higher turbulence amplitude is found in the positive triangularity case. To confirm this result, a synthetic short pulse reflectometry diagnostic is developed. Local gyrokinetic modeling with the GENE code is carried out to produce turbulence relevant to the experimental conditions. This turbulence is then used as an input for the full-wave CUWA code to produce synthetic short pulse reflectometry signals. By matching synthetic and experimental reflectometry data, the difference between turbulence amplitudes in the two cases is confirmed. Additionally, the capability of the diagnostic to also measure the frequency spectrum of the turbulence is demonstrated.
Use the Transcendental Function in Estimating Potato Productivity for the Fall Season 2021(Baghdad Governorate - Abu Ghraib District, an Applied Model)
Authors: Alzobaee Mustafa Maged Soleman , Al-Samurai Hassan Thamir Zanzal 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The research aims to estimate the productivity function of the potato crop according to the cultivar grown in the fall season 2021 in Baghdad Governorate - Abu Ghraib district, measure its elasticity and find out the impact of the independent factors on the dependent factor, (181 questionnaires) were obtained through a random personal interview conducted by the researcher with farmers affiliated with the Nasr and Peace Agriculture Division in Abu Ghraib district, It represents (30.2%) of the sample farmers who numbered (599 farmers) according to the statistics of the mentioned division, Use the Eviews 10 program to estimate the transcendental function and to represent the relationship between the productivity of a dunum of crop and the independent factors (Amount of seeds, urea fertilizer, Dab fertilizer, human labor and mechanical work), The modified coefficient of determination showed that 91% of the change in the level of productivity is caused by the independent variables, and that 9% of the change in productivity is caused by variables not included in the model, The total production elasticity of 0.641 indicates that production takes place according to diminishing returns to capacity, The results also showed the superiority of the Purina variety and similar varieties over the rest of the varieties in terms of productivity, so we recommend planting this variety and similar varieties.
Measuring and Analyzing the Impact of the Agricultural Price Policy on the Production of Barley Crop in Nineveh Governorate - Iraq, using the Policy Analysis Matrix for the Production Season 2022
Authors: Al-Dulaimi Bahaa Kamel Awad , Sharif Mohamed Omar 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
In this manuscript, an economic analysis was conducted of barley crop farms in Nineveh Governorate - Iraq, for the productive season 2022, through a random sample of barley crop producers in the study area, which included (160) producers out of a total study population of (1606), as the research depend on policy analysis. The price of production inputs and output prices by adopting the Price Analysis Matrix (PAM), which included the prices of traded production inputs and the prices of non-traded productive inputs, as well as the quantities of stored productive inputs and the quantities of non-traded productive inputs, and depending on the private prices and social prices of production requirements, the research reached a group of The most important results are that the return of one dunum at special prices amounted to (188) thousand dinars. As for the return of a dunam at social prices, it amounted to (111) thousand dinars, and the total cost of inputs traded per dunam at special prices was calculated, which amounted to (61) thousand dinars, and the cost of a dunam at social prices amounted to (54) thousand dinars. As for the total cost of non-traded inputs per dunum, by adopting special prices and social prices, they amounted to (91) and (97) thousand dinars, respectively. Based on the conclusions, it was recommended to increase government support for production requirements such as fertilizers and fuel, as well as to develop the efficiency of marketing outlets, as well as to regulate the use of the water resource.
Estimating the Reality of Broiler Production Projects in Iraq for the Period (2003-2021)
Authors: Al-Jubouri Saif Majeed Hamad , Al-Jumaili Jadoua Shehab Ahmed 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
About 1582.5 thousand tons of chicken meat were produced domestically between 2003 and 2021, while 4678.14 thousand tons of poultry meat were imported overall during this time. Due to increased local production and an increase in the sufficiency rate of the local product to reach 49.8% and 50.7%, respectively, as a result of the agricultural sector’s support in 2008, import quantities decreased in 2012 and 2013, reaching 90.7 and 98.4 thousand tons, respectively. Approximately 16.9% of local production was self-sufficient in 2021, which is the amount that can be consumed. As a result, just 16.9% of the food consumed by Iraqis is produced locally, while 83.1% is imported from other countries. The average per-person consumption was estimated. The amount of chicken meat produced in Iraq that may be consumed in 2021 is approximately 20.5% kg/year, and between 2003 and 2021, average per capita consumption levels fluctuated and fell short of what was needed on a worldwide scale. For the time period, the population growth rate was predicted to be 2.6%. Domestic production of chicken meat increased by 5.3%, domestic consumption increased by 14.6%, and import growth increased by 41.9%. The expected number of poultry production projects in Iraq for the year 2021 was estimated to be 3965, while the estimated number of projects that were suspended was 1338, or 33.8%, smaller than the previous year in 2020 when it was 3013 at the time. 57 projects were under construction at a pace of 1.4%, which is lower than its predecessor’s rate of 48.7%, which was reached at the time (71) and (1.5%) in 2020. A rise in the number of projects for the year 2020 was predicted at the time to be 2403; at that time, it constituted 49.8% of the projects in that year, while the number of projects that were actually generated in the year 2021 was estimated to be around 2570, at a rate of 64.8%. A variety of specializations, including (2166) fattening projects, (368) breeding projects, and (67) hatching projects, received a share of the total number of projects created in 2021. Baghdad governorate ranks second among the governorates in Iraq with 425 projects, followed by Nineveh governorate with 252 projects, Babil governorate with 227 projects, and Qadisiyah governorate with 225 projects. With 118 projects, Salah al-Din Governorate moved up from eleventh place in the prior year (2020), when it had 86 projects, to tenth place overall among the governorates in Iraq.
Predicting the Food Gap of White Sugar in Iraq using (Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average) (ARIMA) Models
Authors: Alrawi Sarmed Saadi Salih , Al-Najjar Eman Younis Mahmoud , Mukhlif Thamer Zedan 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The prediction process it considered one of the important responsibilities of the decision makers in any institution as they conduct the prediction with the future demand based on the available historical data related to the phenomenon in question. One of the techniques of the economic prediction and the most prominent of them is the Auto regression and the Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA). This research aims at investigating the future predictions of the white sugar in Iraq for the period (2023-2037) by relying on the ARIMA model. The results showed the continuity of the gap of the sugar that will occur in the future to reach (611) thousand metric tons in (2037) and this entails finding certain ways to decrease this gap. The time series for the period (1990-2022) for the production and consumption of sugar it used to analyze the quantity of sugar consumed on the level of Iraq. The results of the quantitative analysis showed that the average growth in the quantity consumed is more than the quantity of sugar consumed and this indicates that there is a food gap for this material, due to the increase of the growth in population, the increase in the people’s income and the change in their daily consumption. The average annual consumption and the average annual production were (7.06) (0.12) respectively, with an average annual growth of the food gap which was (2.390) to the positive direction for the same period.
The Impact of some Climatic Variables on the Iraqi Agricultural Output Duration of 1990-2021
Authors: Al-Hashemi Zaidoun Sami Hamed , Al-Bajari Yusra Tariq Bakr 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Water scarcity, high temperatures, and a lack of resources necessary to achieve sustainable balance in the agricultural sector all pose clear threats to food security in Iraq, which are exacerbated by climatic conditions. During the years 1990-2021, the climate in Iraq played a variety of effects in determining the country’s agricultural output. Time series data and several climate factors were utilized to assess their effect on agricultural output in Iraq over the specified time frame, and the research hypothesis was confirmed using the Dickie-Fuller test and the unit root test, respectively. least squares method, which provides the most accurate unbiased linear estimates, and stability via an expanded test for determining whether or not a time series is stationary using the program E-viewst12. It was determined that a number of factors, including a decline in Iraq’s agricultural land area due to a lack of dams, the drying up of secondary rivers, and the expansion of desertified areas due to high temperatures and salinity, contributed to these effects. Negative effects on farm productivity. Important suggestions include developing a plan to deal with climate change, increasing the importance of agricultural technology in this context, creating new varieties of high-yielding crops that can thrive in the climate of Iraq, and increasing agricultural output through the use of fertilizers and mechanized farming techniques.
Production and Marketing Risks for Tomato Growers in Halabja and Sulaymani Governorates in the Kurdistan Region / Iraq
Authors: Rashid Debar A. , Hasan Tahir M. L. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The study aimed to identify the level of production and marketing risks facing tomato growers in the governorates of Halabja and Sulaymani, As well as determining the discrepancy between the independent variables studied for the respondents and the production and marketing risks, The data was collected using a questionnaire and the method of personal interview by taking a multi-stage random sample by selecting four regions famous for tomato cultivation in Halabja and Sulaymani governorates with (2050) farmers. Then, in the second stage, a proportional stratified random sample (16%) of the research population was taken. The sample size was (328) farmers. The results showed that the level of production and marketing risks facing tomato growers is high and tends to be medium. The result showed that there is no discrepancy in the opinions of farmers about the production and marketing risks facing tomato growers according to the research variables (Age, Size of farm holding, Type of farm holding, and Contact with the Agricultural Extension Worker), Conversely, disparities arise in relation to the research variables (Educational level, Years of agricultural experience, Volume of tomato production during the year, Involvement in training programs, Sources of agricultural information). Therefore, the researchers recommend intensifying specialized Involvement in training programs in the field of tomato production, marketing, and distributing production and marketing requirements to farmers at reasonable prices or supported by the government.
The Prevalence of some Heavy Metal Resistance Genes in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolated from Hospital Environments
Authors: Muslim Huda Bayan , Al-Saadi Aamal Ghazi Mahdi 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Metal resistance genes were phenotyped in a group of 31 Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains gathered from medical facilities, such as clinical and environmental samples. The strains were evaluated for resistance based on their origin and the likelihood of exposure to heavy metals and chemicals. To determine the presence of metal resistance-encoding genes, PCR was conducted using specific primers for copA, copB, czcA, and merA. Positive amplification signals were obtained for copA, copB, and czcA genes in all 5 (100.0%) strains gathered from clinical samples, while the merA gene was detected in only 40% of strains found in clinical specimens. Metal resistance genes were found in all 7 (100.00%) environmental sample isolates for czcA and in 6 (85.7%) for copA and copB. Unfortunately, none of the environmental isolate amplified with merA. The current isolates containing resistance-encoding genes suggest a possible correlation to gaining resistance traits from external determinants.
Comparative Anatomical Studies of Leaves of C. sinensis Lam. as a New Record and C. myxa L., Endemic Species (Boraginaceae) from Basrah, Iraq
Authors: Al-Rudainy Yusra T. , Al-Mayah Abdulridha A. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
In this paper, the anatomical characteristics of Cordia myxa and C. sinensis leaves was studied in Basrah in Iraq using light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). C. myxa is a cultivated endemic species while C. sinensis is a wild species recorded for the first time in Iraq. Transverse sections for leaves show uniseriate Layer in upper and lower epidermis. The mesophyll was unifacial and the midrib have many vascular bundles and the dimensions of these characteristics vary between both species. In C. sinensis, stomata and unicellular hairs were distributed in both upper and lower epidermis, while in C. myxa, they were distributed in the lower epidermis only. Epidermis has two types of stomata: Anomocytic and Hemiparacytic.
Testing the Possibility of Using Iron (II) Sulfate (FeSO4) as a Support Material for Thick Film PMMA in Sensing Some Air Pollutants
Authors: Al-Shammam Muther Mohamed Kasim , Mahmood Ahmad Noori 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
In this research, poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA) was used as the base material, with chloroform as the pure solvent at (99.8%), in addition to iron (II) sulfate (FeSO4) as the reinforcing material for the base material in proportions (25%, 50%, and 75%) of the weight of the base material (5gm) the models were made by the casting method, the models were subjected to several tests, including (XRD) spectrometry, where some characteristic peaks appeared, giving the characteristic of crystallization at the reinforcement ratio (25%), with a random spectrum of (50%) cementation, which gave the highest value of association with the base material, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed the effects as nodular structures with larger dimensions (82.86nm‑92.82nm) at the reinforcement ratio (50%), which are sites of gas liberation as a result of interactions with virtual materials mode and the highest response of the sensor was at (25%) reinforcement, which is clear in color change.
Study the Effect of some Air Pollutants (Ammonium Sulfate - Cadmium Sulfate) on Thick Films PMMA Supported by Al2O3
Authors: Al-Shammam Muther Mohamed Kasim , Mahmood Ahmed Noori 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
In this research, the materials used are poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA) as base material with chloroform as pure solvent (99.8%) aluminum oxide (Al2O3) as support material as base material in percentages (25%, 50%, and 75%) several tests were carried out on the models, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), and the results showed the characteristic of crystallization through the characteristic peaks with a reinforcement percentage (75%) while scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images showed that the highest effect (ammonium sulfate, cadmium sulfate) in the form of nodular structures dimensions (84.45nm - 88.84nm) with a support reinforcement percentage (75%) representing gas liberation sites as a result of surface reactions with (ammonium sulfate, cadmium sulfate) atomic force microscopy (AFM) images showed that the thick film surface had a lower roughness with a reinforcement percentage (25%) which gave the highest stability of the thick film surface.
Indoor and Outdoor Air Quality Correlation in Hospitals of Al-Qadisiyah Governorate, Iraq
Authors: Al-Rudha Yaqoob Yousif Abid , Kadhum Safaa A. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
People spend the vast majority of their time inside buildings, including hospitals. In the Al-Qadisiyah Governorate, seven distinct locations were chosen to assess the air quality inside and outside of hospitals. The quality of the air both indoors and outside was analyzed, examining PM1.0, PM2.5, and PM10 levels, as well as HCHO, TVOC, CO2, temperature, and relative humidity. According to the results of the measurements that were carried out, the concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10 both inside and outside were found to be greater than the threshold limits that are specified by WHO for international standards. Moreover, the levels of formaldehyde were found to be higher than those recommended by the WHO at every site of the hospitals, with the exception of Al Hussein and the hospitals for women and children. During the spring, a strong positive association between indoor and outdoor particulate matter, total volatile organic compounds, and formaldehyde was detected. This correlation indicates that there may be serious health effects for healthcare staff and patients who are exposed to the inside settings of hospitals.
Associated Petroleum Gas: Environmental, Utilization, and Economic Rationale
Authors: Al-Rubaye Ameer H. , Jasim Dheyaa J. , Jassam Safiyya A. , Jasim Hayder M. , Ameen Hawzhen Fateh M. , Khoshnaw Farhad A. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This study intends to shed light on associated gas from an economic standpoint, due to its various applications instead of oil, and from an environmental standpoint, due to the damage it does when burned during crude oil extraction. APG is a key raw material in the production of electricity and heating energy, as well as a variety of petrochemical products. Furthermore, APG has higher levels of water, which is known as wet gas, and hydrogen sulphide, which is known as sour gas. Helium, a marginally useful by-product, may be discovered in significant quantities. Different countries(Russia, Iraq, Iran, the US, Algeria, Venezuela, and Nigeria) have been the most prominent flare-ups over the past nine years. Also, these countries produced approximately 40% of the world’s oil per year, however they are also responsible for almost two-thirds (65%) of the world’s gas flaring. Flaring associated petroleum gas occurs for a variety of causes, which may be divided into difficult causes and soft causes. On another hand, When gas is flared, a considerable amount of pollutants are emitted. Flare stack smoke indicates an inefficient combustion process, which increases the volume of harmful pollutants generated into the surrounding environment, such as volatile organic compounds.