bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stimulation of pregnenolone metabolism and aromatase activity by luteinizing hormone in mouse uterus
Authors: Debnath S , Mukherjee D , Bhattachryya S P 
Published: January 2005

Abstract
In vitro metabolism of pregnenolone (P5) as well as production of 17beta-estradiol (E2) were studied in uteri of untreated and luteinizing hormone (LH)-treated mice that had been ovariectomized (OVX) at late-diestrus stage. In the uteri of untreated mice, [H]pregnenolone was shown to be metabolized to Delta-components such as 17alpha-hydroxypregnenolone (17alpha-P5) and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), whereas LH treatment resulted in significant increases in the formation of progesterone (P4), 17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone (17alpha-P4), androstenedione (AD) and testosterone (T). This was assessed by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The content and release of P4 was shown to be stimulated by LH. Trilostane, an inhibitor of 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3beta-HSD), inhibited LH-induced P4 synthesis and its release in a dose-dependent manner. A considerable increase in [H]estradiol formation from [H]testosterone was recorded in LH-stimulated uterine tissue as compared with the control, indicating the stimulatory effect of LH on aromatase activity. LH-stimulation in the synthesis of P4 and E2 in OVX mouse uteri was mimicked by dbcAMP (cell-permeable cAMP). Incubation with LH was shown to augment the conversion of P4 to various delta-3-oxosteroids. In vitro effects of LH on the synthesis and metabolism of P4, as well as on the stimulation of aromatase activity, were more pronounced in the uterine tissue of LH-primed OVX mice. Thus the results of the present study indicate that, under specific conditions, the uterus of the mouse behaves like steroidogenic tissue. Its prompt response to LH reveals the probable physiological relevance of the existence of LH receptors of high binding affinity in the uterine tissue of the mouse, as reported earlier.
The nuclear, 75 kDa form of early growth response protein-1/nerve growth factor-induced A protein is primarily restricted to LH beta-subunit-expressing cells in rat anterior pituitary
Authors: Knight C , Slade J P , Carter D 
Published: January 2005

Abstract

Objective
Early growth response protein-1 (Egr-1)/nerve growth factor-induced A (also known as Zif-268, Krox-24, TIS8, ZENK) is a zinc-finger transcription factor which, although expressed in a range of organ systems, has been shown to be essential only in the maintenance of fertility through actions within the endocrine system. In the present study we have investigated the anatomical basis for actions of Egr-1 in the adult anterior pituitary gland.

Design
Using female rats and mice as experimental models, we have used immunocytochemical and microscopic analysis to make observations of the cellular and sub-cellular localization of Egr-1 protein.

Methods
Immuno-(Western) blotting was first used to characterize the anterior pituitary proteins detected by a commercially available Egr-1 antibody. Subsequently, the antibody was used both singly and in combination with an LH beta-subunit antibody, for immunocytochemical localization studies in pituitary sections.

Results
The Egr-1 antiserum detected a single, major (primarily nuclear) 75 kDa protein band in Western blots of anterior pituitary extracts. Nuclear localization was confirmed by immunocytochemistry, which also demonstrated that the 75 kDa protein is localized to a minority sub-population of anterior pituitary cells in both rat and mouse. Dual immunocytochemical localization showed that the Egr-1 protein is primarily restricted to the nuclei of LH beta-subunit-expressing cells.

Conclusions
Sub-cellular localization of Egr-1 to the nucleus is consistent with a direct role in transcriptional regulation of anterior pituitary function in the adult rat. Furthermore, a selective role in the physiological control of gonadotrophin gene expression is indicated.
Very short term dehydroepiandrosterone treatment in female adrenal failure: impact on carbohydrate, lipid and protein metabolism
Authors: Christiansen Jens Juel , Gravholt Claus Højbjerg , Fisker Sanne , Møller Niels , Andersen Marianne , Svenstrup Birgit , Bennett Paul , Ivarsen Per , Christiansen Jens Sandahl , Jørgensen Jens Otto Lunde 
Published: January 2005

Objective: In female adrenal insufficiency, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) secretion is impaired and circulating androgen levels are severely reduced. We wanted to analyse the acute effects of physiological DHEA substitution on substrate metabolism.
Design: We studied nine females with adrenal insufficiency after 9 days of oral DHEA replacement (50 mg/day) in a double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study.
Methods: Whole body and regional substrate metabolism was assayed in the basal state and during a euglycemic hyperinsulinemic glucose clamp by means of isotope dilution techniques (glucose, phenyl-alanine, tyrosine), indirect calorimetry and in situ lipolysis (microdialysis technique).
Results: DHEA treatment normalized the levels of all androgens. Basal and insulin-stimulated total energy expenditure and rates of protein, lipid and glucose oxidation were unaffected by DHEA. Whole body turnover of glucose and protein were also unaffected by DHEA. Forearm breakdown of protein was reduced by insulin to the same extent after placebo and DHEA. Insulin sensitivity as expressed by the glucose infusion rate during the euglycemic clamp was similar after placebo and DHEA. Finally, the interstitial release of glycerol in adipose tissue was not significantly influenced by DHEA.
Conclusions: Short-term oral DHEA replacement in women with adrenal insufficiency was not associated with measurable changes in total or regional substrate metabolism.
One year of GH replacement therapy with a fixed low-dose regimen improves body composition, bone mineral density and lipid profile of GH-deficient adults
Authors: Boguszewski Cesar L , Meister Ludimyla H F , Zaninelli Daniele C T , Radominski Rosana B 
Published: January 2005

Objective: We have studied the effects on body composition and metabolism of a fixed low dose of growth hormone (GH), 0.6 IU (0.2 mg)/day, administered for 12 months to GH-deficient (GHD) adults.
Design and methods: Prospective open-label study, using 18 GHD patients (11 women, 7 men; aged 21–58 years). All investigations were performed at baseline and after 12 months. Body composition was determined by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry.
Results: Total body fat decreased (−1.74±2.87%) and lean body mass (LBM) increased (1.27±2.08 kg) after therapy (P < 0.05). Changes in truncal fat did not reach statistical significance, but a decrease varying from 0.72 to 2.78 kg (1 to 8.7%) was observed in 13 (72%) patients. Bone mineral density (BMD) increased at lumbar spine, total femur and femoral neck (P < 0.05). Levels of total and low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol were lower after therapy (P < 0.05), and their changes were directly associated with values at baseline. Insulin levels increased and the insulin resistance index worsened at 12 months (P < 0.05). Median IGF-I s.d. score was −4.30 (range, −11.03 to −0.11) at baseline and −1.73 (range, −9.80 to 2.26) at 12 months. Normal age-adjusted IGF-I levels were obtained with therapy in 5 of 11 patients who had low IGF-I levels at baseline. Changes in IGF-I levels were not correlated with any biological end point, except changes in LBM (r = 0.53, P = 0.02). Side effects were mild and disappeared spontaneously.
Conclusions: One-year of a fixed low-dose GH regimen in GHD adults resulted in a significant reduction in body fat, total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol, and a significant increase in LBM and BMD at lumbar spine and femur, regardless of normalization of IGF-I levels. This regimen led to an elevation of insulin levels and a worsening of the insulin resistance index.
Plasma adiponectin is decreased in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Pagano Claudio , Soardo Giorgio , Esposito Walter , Fallo Francesco , Basan Lorenza , Donnini Debora , Federspil Giovanni , Sechi Leonardo A , Vettor Roberto 
Published: January 2005

Objectives: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a major cause of liver-related morbidity and is frequently associated with obesity and metabolic syndrome. The recently discovered hormone adiponectin is produced by adipose tissue, and low plasma adiponectin is considered a key factor in the development of the insulin resistance underlying metabolic syndrome. Animal studies suggest that adiponectin may protect against non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, but direct evidence in humans is lacking. We therefore conducted this study to assess the relationship between plasma adiponectin and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease to explore its role in the pathogenesis of this disease.
Design and methods: We measured plasma adiponectin and anthropometric, biochemical, hormonal and metabolic correlates in a group of 17 NAFLD patients with diagnosis confirmed by biopsy, and 20 controls with comparable age, body-mass index and sex. Furthermore we compared plasma adiponectin in patients with simple steatosis and steatohepatitis.
Results: Plasma adiponectin was significantly lower in NAFLD patients than controls (5.93±0.45 vs 15.67±1.60 ng/ml). Moreover, NAFLD patients were significantly more insulin resistant while having similar serum leptin. Adiponectin was similar in simple steatosis and in steatohepatitis (6.16±0.78 vs 5.69±0.49 ng/ml). An inverse correlation was observed between adiponectin and homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) of insulin resistance (P = 0.008), while adiponectin did not correlate with serum transaminases and lipid values.
Conclusions: These data support a role for low circulating adiponectin in the pathogenesis of NAFLD and confirm the strict association between reduced adiponectin production by adipose tissue, NAFLD and insulin resistance.
Defective glucose and lipid metabolism in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients with lipodystrophy involve liver, muscle tissue and pancreatic β-cells
Authors: Haugaard Steen B , Andersen Ove , Dela Flemming , Holst Jens Juul , Storgaard Heidi , Fenger Mogens , Iversen Johan , Madsbad Sten 
Published: January 2005

Objectives: Lipodystrophy and insulin resistance are prevalent among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients on combined antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Aiming to provide a detailed description of the metabolic adverse effects of HIV-lipodystrophy, we investigated several aspects of glucose metabolism, lipid metabolism and β-cell function in lipodystrophic HIV-infected patients.
Methods: [3-3H]glucose was applied during euglycaemic hyperinsulinaemic clamps in association with indirect calorimetry in 43 normoglycaemic HIV-infected patients (18 lipodystrophic patients on HAART (LIPO), 18 patients without lipodystrophy on HAART (NONLIPO) and seven patients who were naïve to antiretroviral therapy (NAÏVE) respectively). β-cell function was evaluated by an intravenous glucose tolerance test.
Results: Compared with NONLIPO and NAÏVE separately, LIPO displayed markedly reduced ratio of limb to trunk fat (RLF; >34%, P < 0.001), hepatic insulin sensitivity (>40%, P < 0.03), incremental glucose disposal (>50%, P < 0.001) and incremental exogenous glucose storage (>50%, P < 0.05). Furthermore, LIPO displayed reduced incremental glucose oxidation (P < 0.01), increased clamp free fatty acids (P < 0.05) and attenuated insulin-mediated suppression of lipid oxidation (P < 0.05) compared with NONLIPO. In combined study groups, RLF correlated with hepatic insulin sensitivity (r = 0.69), incremental glucose disposal (r = 0.71) and incremental exogenous glucose storage (r = 0.40), all P < 0.01. Disposition index (i.e. first-phase insulin response to intravenous glucose multiplied by incremental glucose disposal) was reduced by 46% (P = 0.05) in LIPO compared with the combined groups of NONLIPO and NAÏVE, indicating an impaired adaptation of β-cell function to insulin resistance in LIPO.
Conclusion: Our data suggest that normoglycaemic lipodystrophic HIV-infected patients display impaired glucose and lipid metabolism in multiple pathways involving liver, muscle tissue and β-cell function.
The Taiwan National Health Insurance Program and Full Infant Immunization Coverage
Authors: Chen Chin-Shyan , Liu Tsai-Ching 
Published: January 2005

Objectives. We compared hospital-born infants and well-baby care use associated with complete immunizations in Taiwan before and after institution of National Health Insurance (NHI). Methods. We used logistic regression to analyze data from 1989 and 1996 National Maternal and Infant Health Surveys of 1398 and 3185 1-year-old infants, respectively. Results. Infants born in hospitals were found to receive fewer immunizations than those born elsewhere before NHI but significantly more after NHI. Use of well-baby care correlates strongly and positively with the probability that a child will receive a full course of immunization after NHI. Conclusions. The NHI policy of including hospitals as immunization providers facilitates access to immunization services for children born in those facilities. Through NHI provision of free well-baby care, health planners have stimulated the demand for immunization.
Attributable Risk of Injury Associated With Alcohol Use: Cross-National Data From the Emergency Room Collaborative Alcohol Analysis Project
Authors: Cherpitel Cheryl J. , Ye Yu , Bond Jason 
Published: January 2005

Objectives. We sought to determine gender- and age-specific attributable risks of all-cause and violence-related injuries associated with alcohol use. Methods. We used meta-analytic techniques to estimate attributable risks observed in emergency room studies conducted in 7 countries (n=17708). Results. In the case of both alcohol consumption before the injury event and individual drinking patterns, pooled attributable risk effect sizes for all-cause injuries were significant but minimal (2% to 6%). Effect sizes for violence-related injuries were 43% for drinking before an injury event and 27% for individual drinking pattern. Risks were greater for men, but no age-specific differences were found. Conclusions. This meta-analysis showed that attributable risk of injury is greater for drinking before the injury event than for drinking pattern; in addition, risks were more pronounced for violence-related injuries. Differences in risk were explained by variables related to sociocultural contexts.
Perception of Unmet Basic Needs as a Predictor of Mortality Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults
Authors: Blazer Dan G. , Sachs-Ericsson Natalie , Hybels Celia F. 
Published: January 2005

Objectives. We sought to determine whether, among older adults (>65 years), a perception that their basic needs are not being met increased mortality risk and whether this risk varied by race/ethnicity. Methods. We used Cox proportional hazards modeling to estimate the effect of perceived inadequacy in having one’s basic needs (adequacy of income, quality of housing, and neighborhood safety) met on 10-year mortality rates. Results. After control for age, gender, race/ethnicity, marital status, education, income, and cognitive and functional status at baseline, perceived inadequacy in having one’s basic needs met was shown to be a significant predictor of mortality (P<.0001), but no significant differences by race/ethnicity were observed. Conclusions. Perceived inadequacy in having one’s basic needs met predicted mortality during a 10-year follow-up among community-dwelling elderly persons.
State Tobacco Control Spending and Youth Smoking
Authors: Tauras John A. , Chaloupka Frank J. , Farrelly Matthew C. , Giovino Gary A. , Wakefield Melanie , Johnston Lloyd D. , O’Malley Patrick M. , Kloska Deborah D. , Pechacek Terry F. 
Published: January 2005

Objective. We examined the relationship between state-level tobacco control expenditures and youth smoking prevalence and cigarette consumption. Methods. We estimated a 2-part model of cigarette demand using data from the 1991 through 2000 nationally representative surveys of 8th-, 10th-, and 12th-grade students as part of the Monitoring the Future project. Results. We found that real per capita expenditures on tobacco control had a negative and significant impact on youth smoking prevalence and on the average number of cigarettes smoked by smokers. Conclusions. Had states represented by the Monitoring the Future sample and the District of Columbia spent the minimum amount of money recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the prevalence of smoking among youths would have been between 3.3% and 13.5% lower than the rate we observed over this period.
The Influence of the Ionic Medium on the Behaviour of Sodium Glycocholate and Cholate Aqueous Solutions
Authors: Bottari Emilio , Buonfigli Alessio , Festa Maria Rosa 
Published: January 2005

AbstractIn the framework of research on the sodium bile salts, solutions of sodium cholate and glycocholate had been studied only at three ionic medium concentrations. In this paper, experiments in two other concentrations of ionic medium are carried out both to verify the behaviour dependence on the ionic medium and to apply the results of this paper to a future investigation on solutions containing contemporary sodium cholate and glycocholate. To this aim, solubility, protonation constants, lead (II) salts solubility products at 25 °C and in 0.300 and 0.750 mol dm‐3 N(CH3)4Cl were determined. The formed species in solutions containing lead (II) together with the selected bile salts and the behaviour of the sodium salts in micellar and premicellar solutions were investigated, too. The obtained results were compared with those obtained at the other ionic medium concentrations.
Analysis of Pellets Found in the North Area of the Asiago Plateau (Vicenza, Italy), a Locality of the 1914–18 World War
Authors: Mazzocchin Gian Antonio , Lucchini Vittorio , Bragato Carlo , Rudello Danilo 
Published: January 2005

AbstractPellets of unknown material contained in an aluminium cylinder were found in the north area of the Asiago plateau (Vicenza), a locality of the First World War (1914‐1918). Elemental analysis, infrared, chromatography and NMR experiments indicate that the main product is pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN). This substance was probably an igniting primer used by Austro‐Hungarian (A.U.) military engineering. Hypothesis of medical use of the pellets can be disregarded while it seems improbable the use of this explosive by German Army during the Second War World.
Multivariate Optimization of an Axially‐Viewed Inductively Coupled Plasma Multichannel‐Based Emission Spectrometer for the Analysis of Environmental Samples
Authors: Grotti Marco , Lagomarsino Cristina , Soggia Francesco , Frache Roberto 
Published: January 2005

AbstractAn experimental design procedure was applied to optimize the operating conditions of an axially‐viewed inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometer instruments equipped with echelle optics with cross dispersion and charge transfer device. The multivariate effect of carrier gas flow rate and r.f. power on several analytical figures was investigated and discussed. Both ultrasonic and pneumatic nebulization were used. For the final choice of the optimum, different criteria were taken into account, mainly plasma robustness, instrumental precision, analyte and background net emission, detection limits and signal‐to‐background ratios. It was found that the use of moderate power (1100W) and mean carrier gas flow rate (0.75 L/min) allows to obtain sufficient plasma robustness, satisfactory precision, and excellent signal‐to‐background ratios and limits of detection, favorable for ultratrace element determinations in environmental matrices.
Azorhodanine Derivatives as Inhibitors for Acidic Corrosion of Nickel
Authors: Fouda Abd El‐Aziz S. , Al‐Sarawy Ahmed A. , Omar Tark M. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractAzorhodanine derivatives (HL1‐HL5) were tested as corrosion inhibitors for nickel in 2M HNO3 solution using weight loss and galvanostatic polarization techniques. The results showed that these derivatives act as inhibitors for nickel in this medium. The inhibition was assumed to occur via adsorption of the inhibitor molecule on the metal surface. Polarization measurements indicated that these compounds act as mixed‐type inhibitors, but the cathode is more polarized when an external current was applied. This means that these compounds retard the rate of hydrogen evolution and the rate of dissolution of the metal. Results showed that azorhodanine derivatives are adsorbed on the nickel surface following Temkin's adsorption isotherm. The activation energy and thermodynamic parameters were calculated and discussed at different temperatures (30‐45 °C).
Determination of Trace Cadmium in Waters by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry After Preconcentration with 1‐Nitroso‐2‐Naphthol‐3, 6‐Disulfonic Acid on Ambersorb 572
Authors: Kendüzler Erdal , Türker Ali Rehber 
Published: January 2005

AbstractA procedure for the determination of trace amount of cadmium after adsorption of its 1‐nitroso‐2‐naphthol‐3, 6‐disulfonic acid chelate on Ambersorb 572 has been proposed. This chelate is adsorbed on the adsorbent in the pH range 3‐8 from large volumes of aqueous solution of water samples with a preconcentration factor of 200. After being sorbed, cadmium was eluted by 5 mL of 2.0 mol L—1 nitric acid solution and determined directly by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometery (FAAS). The detection limit (3σ) of cadmium was 0.32 μg L—1. The precision of the proposed procedure, calculated as the relative standard deviation of recovery in sample solution (100 mL) containing 5 μg of cadmium was satisfactory (1.9%). The adsorption of cadmium onto adsorbent can formally be described by a Langmuir equation with a maximum adsorption capacity of 19.6 mg g—1 and a binding constant of 6.5×10—3 L mg—1. Various parameters, such as the effect of pH and the interference of a number of metal ions on the determination of cadmium, have been studied in detail to optimize the conditions for the preconcentration and determination of cadmium in water samples. This procedure was applied to the determination of cadmium in tap and river water samples.