bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A review of the first year's experience with an automatic message-routing system for low-cost telemedicine
Authors: Swinfen P , Swinfen R , Youngberry K , Wootton R 
Published: December 2003

summary The Swinfen Charitable Trust has used email for some years as a low-cost telemedicine medium to provide consultant support for doctors in developing countries. A scalable, automatic message-routing system was constructed which automates many of the tasks involved in message handling. During the first 12 months of its use, 1510 messages were processed automatically. There were 128 referrals from 18 hospitals in nine countries. Of these 128 queries, 89 (70%) were replied to within 72 h; the median delay was 1.1 day. The 39 unanswered queries were sent to backup specialists for reply and 36 of them (92%) were replied to within 72 h. In the remaining three cases, a second-line (backup) specialist was required. The referrals were handled by 54 volunteer specialists from a panel of over 70. Two system operators, located 10 time zones apart, managed the system. The median time from receipt of a new referral to its allocation to a specialist was 0.2 days (interquartile range, IQR, 0.1–0.8). The median interval between receipt of a new referral and first reply was 2.6 days (IQR 0.8–5.9). Automatic message handling solves many of the problems of manual email telemedicine systems and represents a potentially scalable way of doing low-cost telemedicine in the developing world.
Assessment of motor speech disorders online: A pilot study
Authors: Theodoros Deborah , Russell Trevor G , Hill Anne , Cahill Louise , Clark Kathy 
Published: December 2003

summary We have conducted a preliminary validation of an Internet-based telehealth application for assessing motor speech disorders in adults with acquired neurological impairment. The videoconferencing module used NetMeeting software to provide realtime videoconferencing through a 128 kbit/s Internet link, as well as the transfer of store-and-forward video and audio data from the participant to the clinician. Ten participants with dysarthria following acquired brain injury were included in the study. An assessment of the overall severity of the speech disturbance was made for each participant face to face (FTF) and in the online environment; in addition, a 23-item version of the Frenchay Dysarthria Assessment (FDA) (which measures motor speech function) and the Assessment of Intelligibility of Dysarthric Speech (ASSIDS) (which gives the percentage word and sentence intelligibility, words per minute and a rating of communication efficiency) were administered in both environments. There was a 90% level of agreement between the two assessment environments for the rating of overall severity of dysarthria. A 70–100% level of agreement was achieved for 17 (74%) of the 23 FDA variables. On the ASSIDS there was a significant difference between the FTF and online assessments only for percentage word intelligibility. These findings suggest that Internet-based assessment has potential as a reliable method for assessing motor speech disorders.
Interactive nursing skills training using advanced networked technology
Authors: Vincent Dale S , Berg Benjamin W , Hudson Donald A 
Published: December 2003

summary We have developed a Web-based e-learning tool for teaching nursing skills, using educational material from a hospital-based nursing skills ‘fair’. Management software was used to track skill certification and continuing education contact hours. The content could be delivered over the Internet and through firewalls using Windows Media Player version 9. The content was structured in a manner that made it adaptable to an e-learning system that used the Sharable Content Object Reference Model (SCORM), a set of specifications for delivering educational materials through technology-based methods.
Organizational aspects of e-referrals
Authors: Wootton R , Harno K , Reponen J 
Published: December 2003

summary Three different, well established systems for e-referral were examined. They ranged from a system in a single country handling a large number of cases (60,000 per year) to a global system covering many countries which handled fewer cases (150 per year). Nonetheless, there appeared to be a number of common features. Whether the purpose is e-transfer or e-consultation, the underlying model of the e-referral process is: the referrer initiates an e-request; the organization managing the process receives it; the organization allocates it for reply; the responder replies to the initiator. Various things can go wrong and the organization managing the e-referral process needs to be able to track requests through the system; this requires various performance metrics. E-referral can be conducted using email, or as messages passed either directly between computer systems or via a Web-link to a server. The experience of the three systems studied shows that significant changes in work practice are needed to launch an e-referral service successfully. The use of e-referral between primary and secondary care improves access to services and can be shown to be cost-effective.
Evaluation of two mobile telemedicine systems in the emergency room
Authors: Yoo Sun K , Park In-Cheol , Kim Seung-Ho , Jo Jin-Ho , Chun Hye Jung , Jung Suck-Myung , Kim Dong-Keun 
Published: December 2003

summary Two different prototype mobile telemedicine systems were constructed for use in the emergency room. They could transmit physiological signals as well as video pictures and sound. One device, the mobile emergency bed (MEB), was powered by battery and had a wireless connection to the local-area network (LAN). For the other, the mobile emergency server (MES), a patient monitor, video-camera and microphone were connected by a radio-frequency link to a server. A functional evaluation and a clinical evaluation (by 12 emergency doctors in six emergency centres) were performed on both prototypes. The bandwidth and the video quality of the MEB were better than those of the MES, because of the digital transmission of the wireless LAN. The MES was better for directing patient treatment and teleconsultation; the MEB was better for static patients in the emergency centre. In general, the MES was more suitable for practical emergency telemedicine work.
IPSI-XQ: Eine Implementierung von XQuery und seiner formalen Semantik (IPSI-XQ: An Implementation of XQuery and its Formal Semantics)
Authors: Fankhauser Peter , Lehti Patrick 
Published: December 2003

Zusammenfassung
XQuery ist eine vom W3C standardisierte Anfragesprache für XML. Dieser Beitrag stellt IPSI-XQ als eine Implementierung von XQuery vor, die besonderes Augenmerk darauf legt, die formale Semantik von XQuery vollständig und modular umzusetzen. Damit wird die Grundlage für eine voll konformante und optimierbare XQuery-Implementierung geschaffen.
XML-Datenbanksysteme und ihre Anwendung (XML Database Systems and their Application)
Authors: Helmer Sven , Kanne Carl-Christian , Moerkotte Guido 
Published: December 2003

Zusammenfassung
Mit zunehmender Verbreitung von XML werden die in XML vorliegenden Datenbestände immer größer und die auf XML basierenden Anwendungen immer komplexer. Daher sind effektive und effiziente Methoden für die Verwaltung persistenter XML-Bestände gefordert. Wir betrachten die wichtigsten gemeinsamen Anforderungen an eine Persistenzlösung für XML und besprechen verschiedene Alternativen zur Speicherung. Es wird sich herausstellen, dass lediglich speziell für XML entwickelte Datenbankmanagementsysteme den Anforderungen genügen. Wir geben daher einen Überblick über ein exemplarisches XML-Bank-Managementsystem namens Natix.
Web Services – Idee, Technik und Potenziale (Web Services – Idea, Technology, and Possibilities)
Authors: Jeckle Mario 
Published: December 2003

Zusammenfassung
Unter dem Schlagwort Web Services wird gegenwärtig eine Reihe verschiedener Ansätze und Spezifikationen zusammengefasst und diskutiert. Die Spannweite der möglichen Einsatzfelder reicht hierbei von technischer Systemintegration bis hin zu globalen Unternehmenskollaborationen. Der Beitrag gibt einen Überblick der Begrifflichkeit sowie der heute verfügbaren Standards und ihrer Anwendungen.
Business Integration – Datenkonvertierung mit Hilfe von Web-Services im deregulierten Strommarkt (Business Integration – Data Conversion in the Deregulated Energy Market by using Web Services)
Authors: Coester Ursula 
Published: December 2003

Zusammenfassung
Wechselt ein Kunde im deregulierten Energiemarkt zu einem anderen Versorger – im Fallbeispiel von e.on zu RWE – müssen beide Marktteilnehmer Datenmaterial, etwa für die Schlussabrechnung, austauschen. Aufgrund der unterschiedlichen, proprietären Datenformate können hierbei Probleme auftreten. Mit Hilfe von Web-Services lässt sich die Problemstellung der Datenkonvertierung rationalisieren. Ein zentraler Konverter als Web-Service zur Verfügung gestellt erlaubt in diesem Fall den Austausch komplexer Datenformate wie beispielsweise des – im Energiemarkt noch üblichen – EDIFACT-Subsets MSCONS. In Vorbereitung ist, dass zukünftig das XML-Format als Standard festgelegt wird.
DFG-Schwerpunktprogramm "Algorithmik großer und komplexer Netzwerke"
Authors: Wagner Dorothea 
Published: December 2003

Zusammenfassung
Das Schwerpunktprogramm "Algorithmik großer und komplexer Netzwerke" wird seit 2001 von der DFG für die Dauer von sechs Jahren gefördert mit dem Ziel, Forschung in der Algorithmik voranzutreiben und deren Anwendungspotenzial zu erweitern. Es wird ein algorithmisches Gebiet fokussiert, das einerseits aufgrund seiner vielfältigen Anwendungen von großer Relevanz ist, andererseits in besonderer Weise neue algorithmische Aspekte und aktuelle methodische Entwicklungen der Algorithmik widerspiegelt. Im Rahmen von 16 Projekten werden allgemeine algorithmische Aspekte der Behandlung sehr großer Netzwerke erforscht, und neue Algorithmen für netzwerkbasierte Anwendungen entwickelt.
Evolutionäre Optimierung dynamischer Probleme (Evolutionary Optimization in Dynamic Environments)
Authors: Branke Jürgen 
Published: December 2003

Zusammenfassung
Viele praxisrelevante Optimierungsprobleme sind dynamisch und verändern sich im Zeitverlauf. In diesen Fällen reicht es nicht aus, möglichst schnell und zuverlässig ein Optimum zu finden. Es geht vielmehr darum, trotz der Dynamik des Problems fortlaufend Lösungen hoher Qualität anbieten zu können. In der hier vorgestellten Dissertation wird gezeigt, wie evolutionäre Algorithmen erfolgreich an diese Aufgabenstellung angepasst werden können.
Potentialin vivogenerator for alpha-particle therapy with212Bi: Presentation of a system to minimize escape of daughter nuclide after decay of212Pb to212Bi
Authors: Henriksen G. , Schoultz B. W. , Hoff P. , Larsen R. H. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractRadiopharmaceuticals based on212Pb (t1/2=10.6 h) are of interest for use as anin vivogenerator ofα-particle emitting212Bi (t1/2=60.6 min). Sterically stabilized liposomes were evaluated as carriers of212Pb/212Bi radionuclides in the reported study.212Pb/212Bi-containing vesicles were prepared by ionophore mediated loading of212Pb into preformed liposomes. The liposomal uptake of212Pb with or without various concentrations of lead carrier was investigated. The retention of212Pb and212Bi in liposomes incubated in serum was studied. Conditions were found yielding a high and rapid uptake of212Pb in liposomes. 90±2% of212Pb was incorporated after 30 min. The retention of radionuclides was high, 95% of212Pb and212Bi were retained in liposomes after incubating for 20 h at 37°C in serum. The results from the present work indicate that an effective retention of212Bi after theβ--decay of212Pb is achievable. This technology could be the basis ofα-emitting radiopharmaceuticals built upon212Pb.
In vitrostudy of the interaction between neptunium ions and aposerumtransferrin by absorption spectrophotometry and ultrafiltration: the case of Np(V)
Authors: Racine R. , Moisy Ph. , Paquet F. , Métivier H. , Madic Charles 
Published: December 2003

AbstractThe interaction between Np(V) and human aposerumtransferrin (apoTf) was studiedin vitrounder physiological conditions (37°C, pH 7.4, [NaCl]=0.15 M, [HEPES]=5×10-2M) by UV-visible and near-IR absorption spectrophotometry and by ultrafiltration. It was found that Np(V) was bound in small fraction (<12%) to apoTf, and that the role of carbonate and citrate anions in binding is more competitive than synergistic. The complexes NpO2CO3-and NpO2Cit2-tend to form rather than the Np(V)-apoTf complex. Np(V) binding on apoTf appears to be pH-dependent and reversible. Displacement experiments with FeIIINTA showed non-specific binding, suggesting a weak interaction between Np(V) and apoTf different from the reactions involving transferrin-specific sites with other metallic ions, such as Fe(III). The low overall charge, the size and the geometry of the linear di-oxocation NpO2+could account for the weak interaction between Np(V) and human transferrin.
Solubility product of Pu(VI) hydrous oxide
Authors: Fujiwara Kenso , Yamana Hajimu , Fujii T. , Moriyama Hirotake 
Published: December 2003

AbstractThe solubility of Pu(VI) hydrous oxide was measured in the pHcrange from 4 to 5.5 at 25±1°C in a NaClO4solution containing O3gas. The experiment was carried out by oversaturation and undersaturation methods at ionic strengthI=0.1, 0.5 and 1.0. The concentration of Pu(VI) was measured byα-spectrometry and UV/visible spectrophotometry, and the equilibrium constant of the reaction, PuO2(OH)2=PuO22++ 2 OH-, was obtained. From the obtained results, the solubility products (Ksp) of Pu hydrous oxide atI=0.1, 0.5 and 1.0 were determined. The experimental values were extrapolated to the standard state (I=0) by using the specific interaction theory (SIT), and the solubility product of Pu hydrous oxide was determined to be logKsp°=-22.88±0.39. The ion interaction coefficient (PuO22+, ClO4-) was also evaluated to be 0.30±0.09.
Precipitation of crystalline neptunium dioxide from near-neutral aqueous solution
Authors: Roberts K. E. , Wolery T. J. , Atkins-Duffin C. E. , Prussin T. G. , Allen P.G. , Bucher J. J. , Shuh D. K. , Finch R. J. , Prussin S. G. 
Published: December 2003

Abstract
We report experimental evidence that crystalline neptunium dioxide, NpO2(cr), will precipitate from near-neutral aqueous solutions that initially contain NpO2
+(aq), even under mildly oxidizing conditions. Observed decreases in aqueous Np concentrations with time are balanced by corresponding decreases in pH and accompanied by formation of high-purity crystals of NpO2. The crystalline NpO2 was characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Thermodynamic data in the literature suggest that NpO2(cr) is possibly the stable solid phase in aqueous systems containing dissolved NpO2
+(aq); however, the precipitation of NpO2(cr) from solutions containing initially NpO2
+(aq) had not been observed experimentally until now, possibly because of slow reaction kinetics. Our experiments were conducted at 200°C in order to overcome slow reduction reactions and/or precipitation kinetics. Because long time scales may render slow reaction kinetics irrelevant, thermodynamically stable NpO2(cr) may keep dissolved Np concentrations well below the relatively high Np concentrations (10-3 M) associated with meta-stable Np(V) solids observed in previous laboratory experiments. Projects investigating the suitability of sites for an underground repository for high-level nuclear waste disposal may not need be so concerned with high dose rates due to migration of Np over long times, because these may not apply to repository-relevant time scales over which NpO2(cr) is likely to be stable.
Synergistic extraction of Th(IV) by 2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde thiosemicarbazone and neutral donors
Authors: Banerjee S. , Basu S. 
Published: December 2003

Abstract
The extraction behaviour of Th(IV) from aqueous nitric acid medium employing 2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde thiosemicarbazone has been studied in the presence of various donors, like trioctyl phosphine oxide (TOPO), calix[3]OH[3]OMe[6]arene, trioctyl amine (TOA), dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) in ethylacetate solvent. The constants (log k
ex) for the binary complex in organic phase [Th(A)(NO3)3], where A is the ligand, was found to be 3.99, which was by far the largest amongst the corresponding values known for the other thiosemicarbazones. The overall equilibrium constants (log K) for the ternary species [Th(A)TOPO(NO3)3], [Th(A)TOA(NO3)3], [Th(A)Calix[3]OH[3]OMe[6]arene(NO3)3], [Th(A)DMSO(NO3)3] were estimated to be 8.287, 8.862, 8.415, 6.921 respectively. The trend in equilibrium constants were in accordance with the substitution of the donor. The extraction of Th4+ by the ligand–donor combination was maximum at pH=1 and extraction decreases with increase in pH. It has been found that the extent of extraction of Th4+ in the organic phase as the binary as well as ternary complex [Th(A)(NO3)3] and [Th(A)(NO3)3S], where S is the donor, increases with increase in the concentration of the ligand. Similar trend is obtained in the extraction by donors in absence of ligand. In case of ternary extraction, using different donors, amines are found to perform best compared to the other donors. The trend is as follows: TOA > calix[3]OH[3]OMe[6]arene > TOPO > DMSO. In addition, the effect of different diluents on extraction was also studied and the observed trend was methyl salicylate > ethyl acetate > methyl isobutyl ketone > ethyl benzoate.
Thermodynamics of extraction of Am(III) and Eu(III) from different anionic media with Tri-n-octyl phosphine oxide
Authors: Suresh G. , Murali M. S. , Mathur J. N. 
Published: December 2003

Abstract
Extraction of Am(III) and Eu(III) from NO3
-, ClO4
-, SCN- and NO3
- + ClO4
- media with tri-n-octyl phosphine oxide (TOPO) in xylene has been carried out at 15, 25, 30 and 35°C. Under the extraction conditions the species M(NO3)3·3TOPO, M(SCN)3·4TOPO, M(ClO4)3·4TOPO and MNO3(ClO4)2·4TOPO are predominantly extracted at all the temperatures (M=Am or Eu). The two phase equilibrium constant (log K
ex) follows an order SCN- > NO3
- + ClO4
- > ClO4
-> NO3
-. Extraction enthalpies have been calculated in each system from the temperature dependence of the K
ex. The thermodynamic parameters ΔG, ΔH and ΔS have been discussed and compared with other mono- and bidentate organophosphorus extractants for Am(III) and Eu(III) from same aqueous medium. The -ΔH values for the two-phase reaction follow an order NO3
- + ClO4
- > ClO4
- > SCN- > NO3
- for both metal ions. This has been explained on the basis of heat energies involved with the formation of ML3 complex (L being the anion used), the transfer of ML3 to the organic phase and the attachment of TOPO molecules, and also on the limiting partial molal volume of the anions.
Influence of humic acid size on actinide complexation
Authors: Monsallier Jean-Marc , Choppin Gregory R. 
Published: December 2003

Abstract
The complexation of Am(III) and Eu(III) with humic acid of different molecular sizes was measured and the data for the ≥300kD and ≥10kD sized HA at pcH 4.0 and 6.0 was analyzed by the Charge Neutralization Model (CNM) and the Polyelectrolyte Model (PM). For the PM, solvent extraction was used to obtain the stability constants of 241Am at tracer concentration. For the CNM, ultrafiltration was used to determine the loading capacity and the stability constants for Eu(III) at macro concentrations. There was a difference of 1-2 orders of magnitude in the stability constants from the two models. The 5
D
0–7
F
0 excitation spectra of Eu(III) as a function of loading of HA was found to have a shift in wavenumbers of the peak maximum, indicating that the coordination environment of Eu(III) varied with pH, presumably due to variation in the number of functional groups of the humate bound to the metal ion.
The role of oxidants in Pu-Th separation studies employing di(2-ethylhexyl)isobutyramide (D2EHIBA) as extractant
Authors: Pathak P.N. , Prabhu D. R. , Manchanda V. K. 
Published: December 2003

Summary
Distribution studies of Pu and Th have been carried out under varying acidity/ligand concentrations to optimise the conditions for their separation employing di(2-ethylhexyl)isobutyramide (D2EHIBA) in n-dodecane as extractant. In view of the selective complexation of D2EHIBA towards hexavalent metal ions over tetravalent metal ions, the focus of the present work is to identify a suitable oxidant of Pu. Amongst various oxidising agents investigated for the oxidation of Pu to Pu(VI), AgO appears to be a promising candidate as (i) it is thermodynamically as well as kinetically a favourable oxidant and (ii) unlike Cr(VI) and Ce(IV), it is not co-extracted with Pu towards the organic phase.
Synthesis and properties of neptunium(VI,V) and plutonium(VI) pertechnetates
Authors: Fedosseev A. M. , Budantseva N. A. , Grigoriev M. S. , Guerman K. E. , Krupa J.-C. 
Published: December 2003

Abstract
Preparation, crystal structure and properties revealed through IR and visible absorption spectroscopy study of Np(V,VI), Pu(VI) compounds formed with pertechnetate anions are reported. Spectrophotometric study of Np(V) and Pu(VI) in NH4TcO4 aqueous solutions (TcO4
- concentration ranging between 0.2-0.5 M) shows only a slight interaction of NpO2
+ and PuO2
2+-ions with pertechnetate oxoanions in solution. On the contrary, for Np(V), Np(VI) and Pu(VI) pertechnetates in solid state, changes in the spectra clearly evidence the coordination of the actinides(V,VI) with TcO4
--anions. That is in agreement with Np(VI) pertechnetate X-ray structural analysis performed on a single crystal.
Speciation of polonium released from molten lead bismuth
Authors: Buongiorno J. , Larson C. , Czerwinski K.R. 
Published: December 2003

Abstract
The alpha-emitter 210Po is an activation product of liquid lead-bismuth, a low melting eutectic under investigation as a coolant of the next generation fast nuclear reactors. Experiments were performed to measure the gaseous polonium chemical species for assessing the radioactivity release from a Pb-Bi bath upon contact with a gas stream. The vapor pressure of lead polonide was measured over the 400-550°C temperature range and found to be in agreement with an existing correlation derived from data at higher temperatures. Also, it was experimentally confirmed that the presence of steam in the gas stream above the Pb-Bi melt substantially increases the amount of polonium released due to the formation of the volatile compound H2Po. The free-energy variation of the H2Po formation reaction was determined, permitting the calculation of the Po gas phase speciation under the experimental conditions.
Extraction separation of No-carrier-added astatine from bismuth target
Authors: Nayak D. , Lahiri S. 
Published: December 2003

SummaryAlpha particle activation of natural Bi2O3results in the formation of astatine radionuclides. A simple and rapid separation method of astatine is presented from the bulk target matrix bismuth by employing liquid-liquid extraction (LLX) method using methylisobutylketone (MIBK) and hydrochloric acid. Back extraction of astatine was performed by ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) solution at pH 10.