bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hepatic angiomyolipoma: Report of two cases with emphasis on smear cytomorphology and the use of cell block with immunohistochemical stains
Authors: Lin Kai‐Jen , Eng Hock‐Liew , Lu Sheng‐Nan , Chiu King‐Wah , Kuo Fang‐Ying 
Published: September 2004

AbstractAngiomyolipoma is a benign mesenchymal lesion that occurs most commonly in the kidney. Its occurrence in the liver is relatively rare. We report two cases of hepatic angiomyolipoma diagnosed by ultrasound‐guided, needle aspiration biopsy. One of the patients was a previously healthy 62‐yr‐old woman who presented with a hepatic mass incidentally during a healthy examination. The other patient was a 67‐yr‐old man, a victim of chronic hepatitis C, who was found to have a hepatic tumor in the right lobe during regular follow‐up. Cytologic preparations of the two hepatic masses showed some mature adipocytes admixed with clusters of variable‐sized mesenchyme‐like cells with fibrillar cytoplasm and indistinct cytoplasmic borders. Some of the cells were round to oval and others were spindle shaped with oval, cigar‐shaped or elongated nuclei. The nuclear chromatin was fine and some cells showed round nucleoli. No thick‐walled blood vessels were noted in the cytological smears. In the cell block preparations, a mixture of thick‐walled blood vessels, mature adipose tissue, and bundles of variable‐sized smooth muscle cells were noted. The spindle or epithelioid smooth muscle cells were positive for vimentin, α‐smooth muscle actin, and human melanoma black (HMB)‐45 but negative for desmin and S100 protein in immunohistochemical stains. The purpose of the current study is to describe cytological features of this lesion with differential diagnosis because pathologists may be called on to render a diagnosis on needle aspiration. HMB‐45 has been proved to be a sensitive marker for the smooth muscle component of angiomyolipoma. Cell block preparations assisted with immunohistochemical staining should be emphasized for definite diagnosis. Although a surgical procedure may still be necessary once a diagnosis of angiomyolipoma is made, treatment may be tailored for a less aggressive procedure than for malignant hepatic nodules. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2004;31:263–266. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Inflammatory pseudotumor: A diagnostic dilemma in cytopathology
Authors: Hosler Gregory A. , Steinberg David M. , Sheth Sheila , Hamper Ulrike M. , Erozan Yener S. , Ali Syed Z. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractInflammatory pseudotumor (IPT) is a rare space‐occupying lesion of unknown etiology that can mimic malignancy on clinicoradiological and pathological examination. A review of the cytopathology archives at The Johns Hopkins Hospital identified 12 cases from eight patients with histologically proven IPT (lung, seven patients; liver, five patients). There were six men and two women with an age range of 28–84 yr (mean age, 59 yr). Presenting complaints of IPT of the lung included shortness of breath and hemoptysis, and in cases of IPT of the liver complaints included abdominal pain and elevated liver function tests (LFTs). All cases were found to have mass lesions suspicious for a neoplasm on radiographic examination. Cytological specimens consisted of fine‐needle aspiration (FNA; seven specimens) and bronchial brush/wash (five specimens). Diagnostic accuracy of cytology for IPT was low (5/12, 42%). IPT showed hypercellular smears (on FNA) with an admixture of various cell types including inflammatory cells with predominance of plasma cells, fibroblastic proliferation, granulation tissue formation, and atypical‐appearing histiocytes with enlarged nuclei and intranuclear inclusions. Fibroblastic proliferation with mitoses may mimic mesenchymal neoplasms. Cytomorphology is nonspecific and IPT usually is a diagnosis of exclusion. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2004;31:267–270. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Primary intraosseous (central) salivary gland neoplasms in jaw bones: Report of a mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the mandible diagnosed by fine‐needle aspiration cytology
Authors: Zaharopoulos Paul 
Published: September 2004

AbstractA case of intraosseous (central) mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the mandible diagnosed by fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) cytology, with the diagnosis confirmed by surgical resection of the tumor is presented. Mucoepidermoid carcinoma is the most common histotype of malignant and benign salivary gland tumors, which occasionally arise within the facial bones of mandible and maxilla, besides their ordinary derivation from the major and minor salivary glands of the head and neck regions. This case is unusual in that although tumors of the jaws abound, only rare reports of intraosseous salivary gland‐type lesions sampled by FNA exist. The current concepts exploring the intraosseous derivation of salivary gland tumors are presented and certain points on FNA technic for adequate sampling of such lesions are related. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2004;31:271–275. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Oncocytic parathyroid adenoma: Problem in cytological diagnosis
Authors: Giorgadze Tamar , Stratton Berle , Baloch Zubair W. , LiVolsi Virginia A. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractParathyroid lesions, which may occur within the thyroid, may clinically simulate thyroid nodules. Fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) of these presumably “thyroid nodules” can lead to misinterpretation of cytomorphological findings because of similarities in cytological features of neoplastic and nonneoplastic parathyroid and thyroid lesions. This might be true especially for oncocytic parathyroid adenomas and parathyroid adenomas with prominent oncocytic component that, although rare, tend to be large and often are associated with minimal hyperparathyroidism. We report two cases of this type of clinically “silent” parathyroid adenomas that on FNA were diagnosed as Hurthle cell thyroid neoplasm. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2004;31:276–280. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Simultaneous medullary carcinoma of the thyroid gland and Hodgkin's lymphoma in bilateral lymph nodes of the neck: A potential pitfall in fine‐needle aspiration cytology
Authors: Acosta‐Ortega Jesús , Montalbán‐Romero Socorro , García‐Solano José , Sánchez‐Sánchez Carlos , Pérez‐Guillermo Miguel 
Published: September 2004

AbstractThe clinicopathological features and the cytological findings of Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) and medullary carcinoma (MC) of the thyroid gland are described appearing simultaneously in different organs of the cervical region of the same patient. Although the cytological features of both entities are well known, the rare clinical presentation and the epithelium‐like Hodgkin and Reed‐Sternberg (HRS) cells of the syncytial variant of HL led to an erroneous cytological diagnosis of metastatic carcinoma of the upper aerodigestive tract. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2004;31:255–258. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Malignant effusions: From diagnosis to biology
Authors: Davidson Ben 
Published: September 2004

AbstractSerous effusions are a frequently encountered clinical manifestation of metastatic disease, with breast, ovarian, and lung carcinomas and malignant mesothelioma (MM) leading the list. Recently, extensive research has resulted in expansion of the antibody panel that is available for effusion diagnosis, thereby reducing the risk for error. Despite this progress, relatively little has been done in way of understanding the biology of cancer cells in effusions, especially those of nonovarian origin. The diagnosis of a malignant effusion signifies disease progression and is associated with a worse prognosis regardless of the tumor site of origin. However, survival is much more variable with ovarian cancer compared with other tumors. Furthermore, cancer cells of different origins differ considerably in their biology and have unique phenotypic and genotypic characteristics. This review summarizes the current knowledge in this field and presents a model for the study of tumor metastasis and disease progression, through large comparative studies of malignant cells in effusions, primary tumors, and solid metastases. The case also is made for potential applications of this rapidly evolving body of knowledge in the diagnosis, classification, and prediction of biological behavior of processes resulting in cryptic effusions at the clinical level. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2004;31:246–254. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Average channel capacity for generalized‐selection combining RAKE receivers
Authors: Sagias Nikos C. , Varzakas Panagiotis , Tombras George S. , Karagiannidis George K. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractA novel closed‐form expression for the achievable average channel capacity of a generalized‐selection combining RAKE receiver in Rayleigh fading, is derived. Performance comparison for the capacity achieved with maximal‐ratio combining and RAKE receivers is also presented. The expression derived, fully conforms to the upper bound of the Shannon–Hartley theorem. Copyright © 2004 AEI.
Analysis of nonlinear amplifiers with Gaussian input signals on the basis of complex gain measurements
Authors: Ermolova Natalia , Vainikainen Pertti 
Published: September 2004

AbstractWe analyse passing complex Gaussian signals through nonlinear power amplifiers. Using the coefficients of the power series expansion of the amplifier complex gain, we obtain closed‐form expressions for the output power and the linear gain of the amplifier. The simplicity and accuracy of the derived formulas make the obtained results useful for practical applications, for example in OFDM or CDMA systems. Copyright © 2004 AEI.
Blind equalization of space‐time‐turbo trellis coded/continuous phase modulation over Rician fading channels
Authors: Ucan Osman N. , Osman Onur 
Published: September 2004

AbstractIn this paper, to improve bit error performance and bandwidth efficiency, we combine space‐time block codes (STBC), turbo trellis codes and continuous phase modulation and denote space‐time‐turbo trellis coded/continuous phase modulation (ST‐TTC/CPM). For high data transmission over wireless fading channels, STBC provide the maximal possible diversity advantage for multiple decoding algorithms. We present continuous phase modulation (CPM) for ST‐TTC signals, since CPM provides low‐spectral occupancy and is suitable for power and bandwidth‐limited channels. In our model, to utilize STBC efficiently, we need to estimate the channel parameters, which influence the signals having continuity property. Therefore, we develop a blind maximum likelihood channel estimation algorithm for signals propagating through a Rician fading channel. Here, Baum‐Welch (BW) algorithm, based on hidden Markov model (HMM), is modified to provide computationally efficient channel parameter estimation. We also investigate the performance of ST‐TTC/CPM in the case of no channel state information (CSI) for various Rician parametersKand Doppler frequency. Copyright © 2004 AEI.
Calculation of impulsively started incompressible viscous flows
Authors: Marra A. , Mola A. , Quartapelle L. , Riviello L. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractThe paper's focus is the calculation of unsteady incompressible 2D flows past airfoils. In the framework of the primitive variable Navier–Stokes equations, the initial and boundary conditions must be assigned so as to be compatible, to assure the correct prediction of the flow evolution. This requirement, typical of all incompressible flows, viscous or inviscid, is often violated when modelling the flow past immersed bodies impulsively started from rest. Its fulfillment can however be restored by means of a procedure enforcing compatibility, consisting in a pre‐processing of the initial velocity field, here described in detail. Numerical solutions for an impulsively started multiple airfoil have been obtained using a finite element incremental projection method. The spatial discretization chosen for the velocity and pressure are of different order to satisfy the inf–sup condition and obtain a smooth pressure field. Results are provided to illustrate the effect of employing or not the compatibility procedure, and are found in good agreement with those obtained with a non‐primitive variable solver. In addition, we introduce a post‐processing procedure to evaluate an alternative pressure field which is found to be more accurate than the one resulting from the projection method. This is achieved by considering an appropriate ‘unsplit’ version of the momentum equation, where the velocity solution of the projection method is substituted. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Experimental and numerical analysis of solitary waves generated by bed and boundary movements
Authors: Cea L. , Ferreiro A. , Vázquez‐Cendón M. E. , Puertas J. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractThis paper is an experimental and numerical study about propagation and reflection of waves originated by natural hazards such as sea bottom movements, hill slope sliding and avalanches. One‐dimensional flume experiments were conducted to study the characteristics of such waves. The results of the experimental study can be used by other researchers to verify their numerical models. A finite volume numerical model, which solves the shallow water equations, was also verified using our own experimental results.In order to deal with reflection on sloping surfaces and overtopping walls, a new condition for the treatment of the coastline is suggested. The numerical simulation of wave generation is also studied considering the bed movement. A boundary condition is proposed for this case. Those situations when the shallow water equations are valid to simulate this type of phenomena have been studied, as well as their limitations. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Inviscid, laminar and turbulent opposed flows
Authors: Korusoy Ersel , Whitelaw J. H. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractThis paper attempts to reproduce numerically previous experimental findings with opposed flows and extends their range to quantify the effects of upstream pipes and nozzles with inviscid, laminar and turbulent flows. The choice of conservation equations, boundary conditions, algorithms for their solution, the degree of grid dependence, numerical diffusion and the validity of numerical approximations are justified with supporting calculations where necessary. The results of all calculations on the stagnation plane show maximum strain rates close to the annular exit from the nozzles and pipes for lower separations and it can be expected that corresponding reacting flows will tend to extinguish in this region with the extinction moving towards the axis. With laminar flows, the maximum strain rate increased with Reynolds number and the maximum values were generally greater than with inviscid flows and smaller than with turbulent flows. With large separations, the strain rates varied less and this explains some results with reacting flows where the extinction appeared to begin on the axis.The turbulent‐flow calculations allowed comparison of three common variants of a two‐equation first‐moment closure. They provided reasonable and useful indications of strain rates but none correctly represented the rms of velocity fluctuations on the axis and close to the stagnation plane. As expected, those designed to deal with this problem produced results in better agreement with experiment but were still imperfect. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A simple strategy for constructing bounded convection schemes for unstructured grids
Authors: Woodfield Peter L. , Suzuki Kenjiro , Nakabe Kazuyoshi 
Published: September 2004

AbstractDue to the great geometrical flexibility, popularity for unstructured grid methods in fluid dynamics has been increasing in recent years. In parallel with this interest there is a need for bounded second or higher order convection schemes which can be implemented easily in the unstructured setting. In the present work a simple strategy for achieving convective boundedness in the context of a vertex‐centered unstructured finite volume algorithm is demonstrated. Testing is carried out on an inviscid oblique step problem using both structured and unstructured grid arrangements. Further testing for numerical diffusion is done using a distorted grid in a two dimensional channel. The proposed scheme is straightforward to implement and is found to perform well for the cases considered. The overall algorithm converges well and the limiter appears to introduce little extra numerical diffusion beyond that inherently present in the base scheme. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Development of a generalized multi‐layer model for 3‐D simulation of free surface flows
Authors: Zarrati A. R. , Jin Y. C. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractA mathematical model was developed for three‐dimensional (3‐D) simulation of free surface flows. In this model, the flow depth is divided into a number of layers and shallow water equations are integrated in each layer to derive the hydrodynamic equations. To give a general form to this model, each layer is assumed to be non‐horizontal with varying thickness in the flow domain. A non‐orthogonal curvilinear coordinate system is employed in the model, to allow for flexibility in dealing with the irregular geometry of natural watercourses.Due to the similarity in governing equations, two‐dimensional (2‐D) depth averaged programs can be developed into a multi‐layer model. The development for a depth averaged program and its numerical scheme is described in this paper.Experimental data and semi‐analytical solutions are used to evaluate the performance of the model. Three different cases of open channel flow are tested: 1‐flow in a straight open channel, 2‐the flow development region in a channel, and 3‐flow in a meandering channel. It is shown that the model has the capability to predict velocity distribution and secondary flows in complex 3‐D flow conditions. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Improved non‐staggered central NT schemes for balance laws with geometrical source terms
Authors: Črnjarić‐Žic N. , Vuković S. , Sopta L. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractIn this paper we extend the non‐staggered version of the central NT (Nessyahu–Tadmor) scheme to the balance laws with geometrical source term. This extension is based on the source term evaluation that includes balancing between the flux gradient and the source term with an additional reformulation that depends on the source term discretization. The main property of the scheme obtained by the proposed reformulation is preservation of the particular set of the steady‐state solutions. We verify the improved scheme on two types of balance laws with geometrical source term: the shallow water equations and the non‐homogeneous Burger's equation. The presented results show good behaviour of the considered scheme when compared with the analytical or numerical results obtained by using other numerical schemes. Furthermore, comparison with the numerical results obtained by the classical central NT scheme where the source term is simply pointwise evaluated shows that the proposed reformulations are essential. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prevalence and patterns of executive impairment in community dwelling Mexican Americans: results from the Hispanic EPESE Study
Authors: Royall Donald R. , Espino David V. , Polk Marsha J. , Palmer Raymond F. , Markides Kyriakos S. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractIntroductionLittle is known about the prevalence of impaired executive control function (ECF) in community dwelling elderly or minority populations. We have determined the prevalence of cognitive impairment and impaired ECF in a community dwelling Mexican American elderly population, and their associations with functional status.SubjectsSubjects were 1165 Mexican Americans age 65 and over who were administered CLOX as part of the third wave of the Hispanic Established Population for Epidemiological Study (HEPESE) conducted from 1998 to 1999.MethodsECF was measured by an executive clock‐drawing task (CDT) (i.e. CLOX1). Non‐executive cognitive function was assessed by the Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE) and a non‐executive CDT (CLOX2). CLOX scores were combined to estimate the prevalence of global CLOX failure (i.e. ‘Type 1’ cognitive impairment) vs isolated CLOX1 failure (i.e. Type 2 cognitive impairment).Results59.3% of subjects failed CLOX1. 31.1% failed both CLOX1 and CLOX2 (Type 1 cognitive impairment). 33.3% failed CLOX1 only (Type 2 cognitive impairment). 35.6% passed both measures [no cognitive impairment (NCI)]. Many subjects with CLOX1 impairment at Wave 3 had normal MMSE scores. This was more likely to occur in the context of Type 2 cognitive impairment. Both CLOX defined cognitive impairment groups were associated with functional impairment.ConclusionsA large percentage of community dwelling Mexican American elderly suffer cognitive impairment that can be demonstrated through a CDT. Isolated executive impairments appear to be most common. The ability of a CDT to demonstrate ECF impairments potentially offers a rapid, culturally unbiased and cost‐effective means of assessing this domain. In contrast, the MMSE is relatively insensitive to ECF assessed by CLOX1. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The sense of coherence, burden, and depressive symptoms in informal caregivers during the first month after stroke
Authors: Chumbler Neale R. , Rittman Maude , Puymbroeck Marieke Van , Vogel W. Bruce , Qnin Haijing 
Published: September 2004

AbstractBackgroundIndividuals with a strong sense of coherence (SOC), which considers one's ability to respond to stressors by the appropriate use of adaptive coping resources, can avoid breakdown when confronted with stress. This study examined the associations between SOC, perceived burden (caregiver's perception of the effect of caregiving‐related stress) and depressive symptoms of informal caregivers (family members and involved friends) of stroke survivors one‐month after the stroke.MethodsOne‐hundred and four ethnically diverse veterans who were hospitalized after experiencing an acute stroke and their informal caregivers were enrolled in the study prior to discharge. One‐month after being discharged from one of five Veterans Affairs Medical Centers in Florida and Puerto Rico, comprehensive data was collected and analyzed.ResultsMultiple regression analyses showed that greater SOC was associated with both lower burden (p < 0.0001) and fewer depressive symptoms (p < 0.0001). Higher caregiver burden, in turn, was significantly associated with more depressive symptoms (p = 0.003). However, when depressive symptoms was regressed on both SOC and burden jointly, the previously significant association between burden and depressive symptoms was no longer significant (p = 0.80) and SOC was still strongly associated with fewer depressive symptoms (p < 0.0001).ConclusionsDetermining factors that may lessen burden and depressive symptoms for caregivers of stroke survivors during the transition period after discharge to their residence are imperative for developing successful interventions. SOC appears to be an important response in alleviating the levels of perceived burden and especially in depressive symptoms. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.