bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of cod liver oil on tissue antioxidant pathways in normal and streptozotocin‐diabetic rats
Authors: Hünkar Tuğba , Aktan Fugen , Ceylan Aslı , Karasu Çimen 
Published: November 2002

AbstractLipid disorders and increased oxidative stress may exacerbate some complications of diabetes mellitus. Previous studies have implicated the beneficial effects of some antioxidants, omega‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in the protection of cells from the destructive effect of increased lipids and lipid peroxidation products. This study, therefore, was designed to investigate the effects of cod liver oil (CLO, Lysi Ltd. Island), which comprises mainly vitamin A, PUFAs, EPA and DHA. Effects were monitored on plasma lipids, lipid peroxidation products (MDA) and the activities of antioxidant enzymes, glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx) and catalase in heart, liver, kidney and lung of non‐diabetic control and streptozotocin (STZ)‐induced‐diabetic rats. Two days after STZ‐injection (55 mg kg−1 i.p.), non‐diabetic control and diabetic rats were divided randomly into two groups as untreated or treated with CLO (0.5 ml kg−1 rat per day) for 12 weeks. Plasma glucose, triacylglycerol and cholesterol concentrations were significantly elevated in 12‐week untreated‐diabetic animals; CLO treatment almost completely prevented these abnormalities in triacylglycerol and cholesterol, but hyperglycaemia was partially controlled. CLO also provided better weight gain in diabetic animals. In untreated diabetic rats, MDA markedly increased in aorta, heart and liver but was not significantly changed in kidney and lung. This was accompanied by a significant increase in both GSHPx and catalase enzyme activities in aorta, heart, and liver of diabetic rats. In kidney and lung, diabetes resulted in reduced catalase while GSHPx was significantly activated. In aorta, heart, and liver, diabetes‐induced changes in MDA were entirely prevented by CLO treatment. In the tissues of CLO‐treated diabetic animals, GSHPx activity paralleled those of control animals. CLO treatment also caused significant improvements in catalase activities in every tissue of diabetic rats, but failed to affect MDA and antioxidant activity in control animals. The current study suggests that the treatment of diabetic rats with CLO provides better control of glucose and lipid metabolism, allows recovery of normal growth rate, prevents oxidative/peroxidative stress and ameliorates endogenous antioxidant enzyme activities in various tissues. Because CLO contains a plethora of beneficial compounds together, its use for the management of diabetes‐induced complications may provide important advantages. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dietary influence of selenium on the incidence of N‐nitrosodiethylamine‐induced hepatoma with reference to drug and glutathione metabolizing enzymes
Authors: Thirunavukkarasu C. , Prince Vijeya Singh J. , Thangavel M. , Selvendiran K. , Sakthisekaran D. 
Published: November 2002

AbstractThe dietary administration of selenium (sodium selenite; 4 p.p.m.) daily has been found to be highly effective in reducing the incidence of cancer induced by N‐nitrosodiethylamine (DEN) in Wistar strain rats. Selenium treatment either before initiation, during initiation and selection/phenobarbital promotion phases of hepatocarcinogenesis has been found to be effective in elevating hepatic microsomal cytochrome b5, NADPH‐cytochrome C reductase and cytosolic aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activities to a statistically significant level measured either in the hyperplastic nodule or in the surrounding liver tissues compared to control animals. Moreover, selenium treatment throughout the study, decreases the cytosolic glutathione S‐transferase and microsomal UDP‐glucuronyl transferase activities by a significant degree when compared to control rats. Alterations in glutathione metabolizing enzyme activities (glutathione reductase, γ‐glutamyl transpeptidase, γ‐glutamylcysteine synthetase and glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase) were also observed in selenium‐treated groups. Our results confirm the fact that selenium is particularly protective in limiting the action of DEN during the initiation phase of hepatocarcinogenesis. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Oxidant/antioxidant status in blood of patients with malignant breast tumour and benign breast disease
Authors: Polat M. Fevzi , Taysi Seyithan , Gul Mustafa , Cikman Oztekin , Yilmaz Ismail , Bakan Ebubekir , Erdogan Fazli 
Published: November 2002

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the alterations in lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzyme defences in the blood of patients with malignant breast tumour and benign breast disease. Forty patients with malignant breast tumour, 20 patients with benign breast disease and also 20 healthy control subjects were recruited for the study. Malondialdehyde levels in plasma and erythrocytes, and the activities of erythrocyte CuZn‐superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase were measured. Malondialdehyde levels were higher in patients with both benign breast disease and malignant breast tumour compared with control subjects. The activities of all antioxidant enzymes were higher in patients with malignant breast tumour, while only glutathione peroxidase and CuZn‐superoxide dismutase activities were higher in patients with benign breast disease. Except for glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase, the antioxidant enzymes studied correlated positively with the malondialdehyde levels in patients with malignant breast tumour. On the other hand, only glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase activity was increased by the level of malignancy. The activity increases in erythrocyte antioxidant enzymes may be a compensatory upregulation in response to increased oxidative stress especially in patients with malignant breast tumour. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Interleukin‐18 enhances HIV‐1 production in a human chronically‐infected T cell line (H9‐V)
Authors: Pugliese Agostino , Gennero Luisa , Vidotto Valerio , Speranza Filippo , Tambini Roberto , Torre Donato 
Published: November 2002

AbstractInterleukin‐18 (IL‐18) is a recently identified immunoregulatory cytokine expressed by activated macrophages, that induces production of interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ) and Th‐1 development. Recently some investigators reported controversial in vitro data on IL‐18 stimulation of HIV‐1 replication in several cell lines. In the present study the effect of IL‐18 on HIV replication in a human chronically HIV‐1‐infected lymphocytic T cell line (H9‐V) was investigated. HIV‐1 replication was determined by an immunoassay method in order to evaluate the content of p24 antigen in the cell culture supernatants. Stimulation of H9‐V cells with IL‐18 resulted in increased production of p24, especially at concentrations of 0.01 μg ml−1 and 0.10 μg ml−1. Moreover a significant and persistent IL‐18 stimulation of HIV‐1 replication was observed at a concentration of 0.01 μg ml−1 during a 7‐day period. Pre‐treatment of IL‐18 with a specific neutralizing monoclonal antibody significantly reduced HIV‐1 replication. These experiments show that IL‐18 promotes the increase of HIV‐1 replication in human chronically‐infected lymphocytic T cells and confirm the role of IL‐18 as a proimflammatory cytokine in stimulating and maintaining HIV‐1 replication during the course of the disease. In a successive set of experiments, since one of the main activities of IL‐18 is the induction of IFN‐γ, we evaluated the effect of this biological modifier on H9‐V cells. In particular, IFN‐γ shows a significant effect on cell replication and on reduction of CD4 and CD71 surface expression. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chronic treatment with both lithium and sodium valproate may normalize phosphoinositol cycle activity in bipolar patients
Authors: Silverstone Peter H. , Wu Ren H. , O'Donnell Tina , Ulrich Michele , Asghar Sheila J. , Hanstock Christopher C. 
Published: November 2002

AbstractBackgroundIt has been proposed that lithium may be clinically effective due to its actions on the phosphoinositol second messenger system (PI‐cycle). Studies have also suggested that untreated manic patients may have raised myo‐inositol and phosphomonoester (PME) concentrations and also that unmedicated euthymic bipolar patients may have lowered PME concentrations. The objective of the present study was to test the hypothesis that chronic treatment with either lithium or sodium valproate in patients with bipolar mood disorder leads to a normalization in the activity of the PI‐cycle.MethodsThis study had two parts each with different MRS methodology. The first part compared healthy controls (n = 19) with euthymic bipolar patients who were taking either lithium (n = 16) or sodium valproate (n = 11) using both 1H‐MRS and 31P‐MRS. In the second part we examined a separate group of euthymic bipolar disorder patients taking sodium valproate (n = 9) and compared these with age and sex‐matched healthy controls (n = 11) using 1H‐MRS.ResultsBoth studies showed that there were no differences in either myo‐inositol or phosphomonoester (PME) concentrations between controls and patients taking either medication.ConclusionsThese findings examine two key components of the PI‐cycle in treated euthymic bipolar (myo‐inositol and PME concentrations). The results from this study are consistent with the suggestion that chronic treatment with either lithium or sodium valproate in bipolar patients may normalize PI‐cycle functioning. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Combining high and low frequencies in rTMS antidepressive treatment: preliminary results
Authors: Conca Andreas , Di Pauli Jan , Beraus Wolfgang , Hausmann Armand , Peschina William , Schneider Hubert , König Peter , Hinterhuber Hartmann 
Published: November 2002

AbstractThe antidepressive potency of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) seems to depend on variables such as the stimulation placements, different frequencies, stimulus intensities, coil shape and interstimulus intervals. The aim of this pilot study was to investigate the augmentation properties of rTMS combining low and high frequencies. Thirty six depressed medicated in‐patients were recruited and assigned to three different rTMS treatment modalities as an add‐on strategy (each n = 12). In group 1 a stimulus intensity of 110% of the motor threshold (MT) was used with a frequency of 10 Hz over the left dorsolatero prefrontal cortex (DLPC). The right DLPC was stimulated in the same session with 110% MT at 1 Hz. In group 2 the patients were stimulated only over the left DLPC with alternating trains of 110% MT at 10 Hz and trains of 110% MT at 1 Hz in the same session. In group 3 the high frequency stimulation over the left DLPC was performed as an internal control group. None of the treatment modalities was superior but different side effects were observed. These preliminary findings suggest that rTMS, at varying frequencies and stimulation placements, evokes different psychoactive effects of clinical relevance. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evidence for a relationship between daily caffeine consumption and accuracy of time estimation
Authors: McClellan Stine Michele , O'Connor Richard J. , Yatko Bonnie R. , Grunberg Neil E. , Cousino Klein Laura 
Published: November 2002

AbstractThe present study examined the relationship between regular caffeine consumption and time estimation. Sixty participants (aged 18–57 years, mean 24 years) completed a 47 s time estimation exercise and questionnaires related to daily caffeine consumption and perceptions of time. We hypothesized that the effects of caffeine on time estimation would follow a U‐shaped pattern such that individuals who reported moderate amounts of daily caffeine would be more accurate in their perceptions of time than would those who reported high amounts of caffeine intake or no daily caffeine consumption. Timing accuracy was computed by dividing participant‐reported time by actual time (47 s). Timing accuracy followed a U‐shaped curve such that those respondents who reported ‘low’ daily caffeine consumption (≤ 135 mg/day, n = 24) were the most accurate in their time estimates (mean= 44.2 s). Individuals who reported no caffeine (mean= 69.3 s; n= 7) or ‘high’ daily caffeine consumption (mean=56.2 s; >135 mg/day, n = 28) were less accurate in their time estimates [F(2, 56)= 3.34, p< 0.05]. Findings suggest that ‘low’ daily caffeine consumption may enhance time estimation accuracy above that of ‘high’ or no daily caffeine consumption. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Clinical and biochemical observations during treatment of depression with electroacupuncture: a pilot study
Authors: Pohl Annika , Nordin Conny 
Published: November 2002

AbstractSix patients suffering from major depression were treated with electroacupuncture. During 4 weeks of treatment, the total CPRS‐S‐A score decreased from 23.8 to 13.4 (p=0.0095). A decrease of neuropeptide Y (NPY) in plasma during the first 2 weeks of treatment was noted in five of the patients, all being women (p=0.0431). The decrease was negatively correlated with age (rs=−0.29; p=0.046). The results are in line with a putative antidepressive effect of electroacupuncture, along with an influence on NPY in plasma. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of mirtazapine in patients with post‐traumatic stress disorder in Korea: a pilot study
Authors: Bahk Won‐Myong , Pae Chi‐Un , Tsoh Joshua , Chae Jeong‐Ho , Jun Tae‐Youn , Chul‐Lee  , Kim Kwang‐Soo 
Published: November 2002

AbstractThis study was aimed at testing the efficacy and tolerability of mirtazapine in the treatment of Korean patients with chronic post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Mirtazapine was administered for 8 weeks using a flexible‐dose regime in 15 Korean patients with PTSD based on the DSM‐IV criteria. We evaluated the patients at baseline and at weeks 4 and 8 after treatment with the interviewer‐administered structured interview for PTSD (SIP), short PTSD rating interview (SPRINT), impact of event scale‐revised (IES‐R) and the Montgomery Åsberg depression rating scale (MADRS). Scores on the SIP, SPRINT, IES‐R and MADRS had significantly reduced after 8 weeks treatment. In this pilot study, mirtazapine was found to be effective and well tolerated in the treatment of patients with PTSD. This calls for further evaluation of the effect of this drug on subjects with PTSD with randomized placebo‐controlled studies. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quinacrine‐induced psychiatric disturbances in a child with common variable immunodeficiency and chronic giardiasis
Authors: Genel Ferah , Erermis Serpil , Aksu Guzide , Ozturk Can , Kutukculer Necil 
Published: November 2002

AbstractPsychiatric disorders due to quinacrine for antiparasitic therapy represent an infrequent, but serious, complication. The remarkable course of a 12‐year‐old boy with common variable immunodeficiency who developed severe psychiatric reactions following quinacrine therapy for his resistant chronic giardiasis is presented. The broad clinical spectrum of quinacrine‐associated neuropsychiatric disturbances has been emphasized for the clinicians. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Poverty, policy, reciprocity and older people in the South
Authors: Gorman Mark , Heslop Amanda 
Published: November 2002

AbstractThe paper reviews the evidence from qualitative research into old age poverty and finds it is a significant problem in development countries. Old age poverty is multidimensional in that, in addition to low income, it reflects poor access to services and employment, as well as gender differentials extending into old age. The limitations of policy on ageing and poverty arise from underestimating the contribution of older people to the development process. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characterization of secretory proteins from cultured cauda epididymal cells that significantly sustain bovine sperm motility in vitro
Authors: Reyes‐Moreno Carlos , Boilard Mathieu , Sullivan Robert , Sirard Marc‐Andre 
Published: November 2002

AbstractEpididymis provides a safe environment in which stored‐spermatozoa could survive for days before ejaculation. In vitro studies suggested that epididymal proteins seem to be implicated in sperm survival during coincubation with cultured epididymal cells. This study was basically designed to confirm if secretory proteins from bovine epididymal cell cultures provide sperm protection against rapid loss of sperm motility in vitro. Bovine spermatozoa were incubated in conditioned media (CM), which were prepared from cultured cauda epididymal cell (CEC). Motion parameters were recorded using a computer‐assisted sperm analyzer. Sperm‐free protein extracts from CM were fractionated by ultrafiltration through a 10‐kDa cut off membrane. A significantly positive effect on sperm motility was observed when spermatozoa were incubated in CM (54 ± 4%) and CM >10 kDa (57 ± 4%) compared to CM <10‐kDa fraction (30 ± 3%) or fresh media (34 ± 3%), after a 6‐hr incubation period. This beneficial effect on sperm motility was abolished when the CM >10‐kDa fraction was heat‐treated at 100°C for 10 min. The CM >10 kDa fraction provides factors that remained active even though spermatozoa were washed twice after a 2‐hr preincubation period. To identify potential beneficial factors, bovine spermatozoa were incubated with radiolabeled proteins obtained using 35S‐methionine in culture medium. SDS–PAGE analysis of proteins extracted from CM‐preincubated spermatozoa revealed the presence of a 42‐kDa protein strongly associated to the sperm surface. This 42‐kDa spot was trypsin‐digested and identified by matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization‐time of flight (MALDI‐TOF) as a protein homologue to a 35‐kDa bovine estrogen‐sulfotransferase. This protein can play a role in epididymal biology and sperm function. Taken together, these results suggest that specific epididymal proteins can be implicated in the sperm protection in vitro, and can be characterized in our cell culture system. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 63: 500–509, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Inhibitory effects of cAMP and protein kinase C on meiotic maturation and MAP kinase phosphorylation in porcine oocytes
Authors: Fan Heng‐Yu , Li Man‐Yu , Tong Chao , Chen Da‐Yuan , Xia Guo‐Liang , Song Xiang‐Fen , Schatten Heide , Sun Qing‐Yuan 
Published: November 2002

AbstractThe regulation of MAP kinase phosphorylation by cAMP and protein kinase C (PKC) modulators during pig oocyte maturation was studied by Western immunoblotting. We showed that both forskolin and IBMX inhibited MAP kinase phosphorylation and meiosis resumption in a dose‐dependent manner, and this inhibitory effect was overcome by the protein phosphatase inhibitor, okadaic acid. Pharmacological PKC activator phorbol myristate acetate or physiological PKC activator diC8 also delayed MAP kinase phosphorylation and meiosis resumption, and their effect was abrogated by PKC inhibitors, staurosporine, and calphostin C. The results suggest that meiotic resumption is inhibited by elevation of cAMP or delayed by activation of PKC probably via down‐regulation of MAP kinase activation, which is mediated by protein phosphatase, during pig oocyte maturation. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 63: 480–487, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Use of atomic force microscopy for morphological and morphometric analyses of acrosome intact and acrosome‐reacted human sperm
Authors: Mai Andrew , Weerachatyanukul Wattana , Tomietto Mauro , Wayner Danial D.M. , Wells George , Balhorn Rod , Leader Arthur , Cyr Jean‐Louis , Tanphaichitr Nongnuj 
Published: November 2002

AbstractThe objective of this study was to use atomic force microscopy (AFM), with submicron resolution, for morphophologic and morphometric analyses of acrosome intact and acrosome‐reacted human sperm heads. A mixed population of acrosome intact and reacted sperm was produced by treating capacitated sperm with A23187, which induced the acrosome reaction in ∼ 50% of total sperm population. This A23187‐treated sperm suspension was then plated onto a coverslip and acrosome reacted sperm were preidentified by their specific staining with rhodamine‐conjugated Concanavalin A. The sperm coverslip was then air‐dried and scanned by a Nanoscope IIIa atomic force microscope, using the contact mode. Top and side view images processed through the illuminate mode revealed three dimensional sperm head contour, with the highest point situated in the head posterior in both acrosome intact and acrosome reacted sperm. Maximum height, length, and width measured in 50 acrosome intact and 50 acrosome‐reacted sperm were the same in both populations. However, head length at half maximum height was significantly decreased in acrosome reacted sperm (2.99 ± 0.24 μm vs. 3.56 ± 0.32 μm of acrosome intact sperm), due to the sudden change of the height contour from the maximum peak to the anterior tip of acrosome‐reacted sperm. Our results described here can therefore be used to differentiate acrosome intact and reacted sperm from each other. This would allow future studies on subcellular changes, related to the acrosome reaction, at the submicron resolution level under more physiological conditions, since AFM does not require fixing or staining of the samples. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 63: 471–479, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Microtubulin configuration and mitochondrial distribution after ultra‐rapid cooling of bovine oocytes
Authors: Rho Gyu‐Jin , Kim Sena , Yoo Jae‐Gyu , Balasubramanian S. , Lee Hyo‐Jong , Choe Sang‐Yong 
Published: November 2002

AbstractConsiderable attention has been focused on the cryopreservation of mammalian oocytes, as a consequence of poor development of cryopreserved bovine oocytes in vitro, in order to enhance the application of genetic engineering. Experiments were carried out to evaluate the viability and ultra‐structural changes of bovine oocytes cryopreserved by ultra rapid cooling methods. Oocytes that had been allowed to mature for 22 hr were exposed to a mixture of cryoprotectants (3.2 M ethylene glycol, 2.36 M dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), 0.6 M sucrose), and were cryopreserved by very rapid cooling either within glass capillaries or as droplets on copper electron microscope grids. After being warmed, the oocytes were cultured in in vitro maturation (IVM) medium for an additional 2 hr. Viability was assessed by determining the development rate after fertilization with frozen–thawed semen from which motile sperm had been recovered using a Percoll density gradient, and by immunochemical evaluation of microtubule and mitochondrial morphology. Cleavage and development rates were significantly (P < 0.05) lower in oocytes cryopreserved by vitrification than in in vitro fertilization (IVF) control group, but did not differ in the open‐pulled glass (OPG) or copper grid (CG) groups. In most oocytes cryopreserved by vitrification, the microtubules were partially or completely broken. Similarly mitochondria appeared to be abnormal compared to that of unfrozen oocytes. Oocytes cultured in IVM medium supplemented with both cytochalasin B (a protein synthesis inhibitor) and 2‐mercaptoethanol (an antioxidant) showed less damage to microtubules, but not to mitochondria after cryopreservation. In conclusion, this study showed that bovine oocytes can be cryopreserved by vitrification within small droplets using CGs. While damage to microtubules and mitochondria may be involved in reduced viability, supplementation of IVM medium with cytochalasin B appears to enhance stabilization of microtubules during oocyte cryopreservation. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 63: 464–470, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.