bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of depression among diabetic patients attending the Armed Forces Hospital, Southern Region, Saudi Arabia: A prospective cross-sectional study
Authors: Khiro Malak A. K. , Alshahrani Ali A. S. , Jabali Shahad H. Y. , Alyahya Yasser A. M. , Alamri Moneer M. 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Depression associated with diabetes is one of major obstacles in diabetic patient management. This study aims to determine the prevalence of depression and its associated risk factors among diabetic patients of both types (I and II).

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted at Armed Forces Hospital, Southern Region, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, among adult diabetic patients attending the diabetic center. An interview-validated questionnaire was utilized to collect data. It consists of three main parts: demographic data, diabetic assessment tool, and patient health questionnaire-9.

Results:
A total of 386 diabetic patients were included. The age of them ranged between 17 and 95 years with an arithmetic mean of 53.4 years and a standard deviation of ± 18.2 years. Almost two-thirds (62.2%) were males. The prevalence of depression among diabetic patients was 48.2%, mostly of mild (31.4%) or moderate severity (12.7%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that female diabetic patients were at almost double-fold risk of developing depression compared to males [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) =2.73, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.70–4.38], P < 0.001. Also, type II diabetic patients were at almost double-fold risk of developing depression compared to type I diabetic patients (AOR = 2.07, 95% CI: 1.16–3.67), P = 0.013. Patients with history of any social issue with the family, relatives, or friends were at about three-fold risk of developing depression compared to those without such history (AOR = 3.45, 95% CI: 2.11–5.66), P < 0.001. Patients who reported compliance to diet were at higher risk for developing depression compared to their peers (AOR = 2.57, 95% CI: 1.25–5.28), P = 0.010, while those compliant to physical activity about 150 min/week or more were at significant lower risk to develop depression (AOR = 0.56, 95% CI: 0.35–0.89), P = 0.015. Patients with nephropathy or neuropathy were more likely to have depression compared to their counterparts (AOR = 2.52. 95% CI: 1.33–4.80, P = 0.005 and AOR = 1.80, 95% CI: 1.11–2.90, P = 0.016, respectively).

Conclusion:
Depression is a very prevalent problem affecting diabetic patients, particularly those of type II, female patients, and those with nephropathy or neuropathy. Therefore, regular screening of diabetic patients for depression and referral of severe cases to psychiatric care are highly warranted.
Ethics sensitivity among dialysis nurses in Jazan region: A descriptive cross-sectional study
Authors: Rajhi Fatma A. , Koura Hussein , Hussein Ghaiath 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Ethical sensitivity is defined as paying attention to ethical ideals in a conflict situation and being conscious of one’s own role and duty in that situation. One essential element of ethical conduct is the ability to recognize and respond to ethical dilemmas. Lack of or diminished ethical awareness is a breach of nursing’s professional obligation since it can lead to morally incongruent treatment. Thus, the purpose of this study is to assess the hemodialysis nurse’s ethical awareness in Jizan, Saudi Arabia.

Materials and Methods:
In this prospective cross-sectional study, based on these study criteria, we have enrolled 300 nurses from five different hospitals in Jizan, Saudi Arabia. During the epidemic, an online questionnaire study was distributed, and enrolled nurses signed an electronic consent form.

Results:
Data obtained were statistically analyzed. Clinical data include age (32.3 ± 5.5), gender (F: 78.7%-M: 21.3%), educational level (diploma/bachelor-48% and master/PhD-4%), experience (1-5 years = 28%, 6-10 years = 36%, 11-15 years = 24.7%, and above 15 years = 11.3%), and no nurses were found to be in nursing practice ethics. The total sensitivity rate was determined to be 107 ± 15.6. Caring by connecting with others (15.9 ± 3.1) and generating interpretation and options (16.2 ± 3.1) obtained the highest mean scores among the seven subscales. Taking others’ perspectives (14.4 ± 3.2) and identifying the repercussions of actions and options (14.8 ± 2.6) on the other hand. The study also discovered a statistically significant relationship between ethical sensitivity subscales and age, country, and years of experience. The relevance of generating interpretations and possibilities with age (P < 0.05), reading and expressing emotions and nationality (P < 0.05), and years of experience with reading and expressing emotions (P < 0.05) were specifically mentioned.

Conclusion:
This study concludes that hemodialysis nurses in Jizan have a high level of ethical sensitivity. This study suggests that future studies should focus on practicing, educating, and implementing a policy proposal that enhances hemodialysis nurses’ ethical awareness when providing nursing care.
Knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and practices of pregnant women towards the influenza vaccine in Trinidad
Authors: Khan Raveed , Benjamin-Niles Janisse 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Pregnant women and their babies are at increased risk of influenza-related complications. The World Health Organisation recommends influenza vaccination to this high-risk population as the highest priority.

Methods:
A knowledge, attitudes,beliefs, and practices (KAP) of pregnant women towards the influenza vaccine in Trinidad. It was disseminated to 480 pregnant women attending the clinic and completed by 146 yielding a response rate of 30%.

Results:
Women who received the vaccine in a past pregnancy were nine times more likely to consider taking the vaccine in the current pregnancy. There was a statistically significant difference in vaccine uptake based on the source of information received by participants about the influenza vaccine (χ2 (3) = 9.864, P = 0.020), with the highest mean score for uptake shown in women who received information from a health care provider. A moderate, positive correlation was found between knowledge and vaccine uptake (rs (143) =0.430, P < 0.01), a weak, positive correlation between perceived susceptibility and vaccine uptake (rs (143) = 0.264, P < 0.01), and a weak, positive correlation between knowledge and perceived susceptibility (rs (143) = 0.229, P < 0.01).

Conclusion:
The study findings highlight that the source of information significantly influences vaccine uptake, with health care providers being the most influential source. This underscores the role of primary care physicians in providing accurate and up-to-date information about influenza vaccination to pregnant women. There is a need for accurate information and recommendations to be given to pregnant women by all health care workers including primary care physicians in order to increase vaccine uptake and reduce maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality.
An interventional study evaluating the NTCP (NATIONAL TOBACCO CONTROL PROGRAM) guidelines-based education model in semi-urban school population
Authors: Chitlange Pooja , Reche Amit , Madhu Priyanka Paul , Chhabra Kumar Gaurav , Sheikh Tarannum B. , Kewelramani Muskan 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
The present study was carried out to assess the awareness of the adverse consequences of tobacco use in the semi-urban school population in Wardha district because tobacco use in schools is a significant concern and is rising at an alarming rate. The purpose of the current study was to assess the prevalence of tobacco use among students and teachers as well as their knowledge of the negative effects of tobacco use. It also aimed to educate students and teachers about these effects and assess the effectiveness of the intervention.

Methodology:
A total of 350 students from a semi-urban school in the Wardha area participated in this study. Pre-tests were administered to a group of chosen kids and instructors to gauge their familiarity with tobacco. After the pre-test data were analyzed, teachers were offered intervention. PowerPoint presentations, posters, and models were used to educate them about the dangers of tobacco usage for dental health. There were discussions, role plays, and skits done. After the instruction, the students took a post-test to gauge how well they understood what they had learned.

Results:
The recent study is a significant step toward the semi-urban school population quitting smoking. Overall, the study involves testing participants’ knowledge, teaching them about tobacco’s negative consequences, and inspiring habitual smokers to completely kick the habit. The majority of the NTCP questionnaire’s elements were significant when compared to knowledge of tobacco use and its components (*p0.05; significant).

Conclusion:
The suggested study is a significant step toward the semi-urban school population quitting smoking. The research will provide a genuine and dependable change and help promote optimal dental health.
Readiness, acceptability, and feasibility of differentiated TB care for COVID-positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients diagnosed in a district in South India: Mixed methods study
Authors: Kamalasundar T , Vengadapathy R , Surekha A , Pruthu TK , Suryawanshi Deodatt M. , Rajaseharan Divya , Anbazhagan Suguna 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Differentiated tuberculosis care (DTC) approach is the need of the hour to mitigate those risks and provide better treatment outcomes to reduce both mortality and morbidity. Before implementing such an approach, there should be adequate literature on healthcare facility assessment along with qualitative exploration on readiness and acceptability among various stakeholders that are currently needed to fill the gaps in National Tuberculosis Elimination Program.

Objectives:
Our study objectives were to assess the availability of equipment, treatment, and investigations for managing patients under the DTC approach, to explore the readiness, acceptability, and feasibility of the DTC approach among healthcare providers involved in TB care provision, and to determine the knowledge regarding DTC approach among healthcare providers delivering TB care for COVID-positive pulmonary TB patients.

Materials and Methods:
All Peripheral Health Institutes (PHIs) in two randomly chosen blocks within the Tiruchirappalli district’s health units were selected for the healthcare facilities assessment. By the universal sampling method, all the stakeholders were included. The study population was assessed for their knowledge regarding DTC. Checklist-based assessment of the feasibility of healthcare services followed by a questionnaire-based knowledge assessment was done. An in-depth interview-based exploration of readiness and acceptability of the DTC approach was conducted. This study was conducted among various stakeholders involved in TB care in selected PHIs of Tiruchirappalli from July 2022 to October 2022.

Results:
The majority of healthcare workers (HCWs) are unaware of bidirectional screening (89.0%) and lack training in providing TB care to COVID-co-infected patients (87.8%), although the majority were aware of risk stratification for TB patients (90.2%) and are linking TB with other co-morbidities (82.9%). About 62.2% of HCWs claimed they are not using information communication technology-based services to receive lab findings from public scans and laboratory centers, and more than one-third were unaware of these facilities. Based on the qualitative assessment, most of them were willing to undergo periodic training to improvise their approach and treatment. Also, most of the HCWs felt manpower can be increased for the specific care of the patients.

Conclusion:
The research suggests that with sufficient training and upskilling of the HCWs, DTC is almost feasible and that HCWs will accept it if specific strategies are used. More studies like these in assessing the feasibility and acceptability of this DTC approach and exploring the challenges and solutions will help the policymakers in finding the lacunae before implementing this DTC model in various states across India.
Cervical cancer awareness, knowledge, behavioural patterns, and practice of screening and vaccination in females of hilly regions of North India – A hospital-based observational study
Authors: Yadav Pooja , Gaurav Amrita , Ravi Anoosha K. , Khoiwal Kavita , Bahadur Anupama , Bora Lihiri , Yerkade Vasundhara , Chaturvedi Jaya 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Aim:
The mainstay of cervical cancer elimination and control is an effective screening and education program. The present study was conducted to assess awareness about cervical cancer, knowledge of cervical cancer symptoms, risk factors, screening and vaccination, attitude towards various aspects of cervical cancer, and screening and vaccination practices amongst women of Uttarakhand.

Method:
The present study was a prospective observational study. A total of 215 patients were recruited from Gynecology OPD, AIIMS, Rishikesh, from January to December 2021, and 195 women meeting the eligibility criterion were finally analyzed based on the KAP questionnaire interview method.

Results:
The study population had 40% illiterate participants. Of all participants, 87% were aware of cervical cancer as a disease entity, only 0.5% had good knowledge, and 99.5% had poor knowledge of symptoms, risk factors, screening, and vaccination for cervical cancer. 87% showed a favourable attitude. Only 1 out of 195 participants was ever screened previously, and none of them were vaccinated.

Conclusion:
The main hindrance in the context of hilly or challenging-to-serve areas is mainly the education and information services. The resource allocation to difficult health-inaccessible areas is required to bring a major change in practices for prevention of cervical cancer; this can be dramatically improved by population-based screening and vaccination programs at affordable prices.
Living will: Todays thoughts and actions
Authors: Kale Bhairavi , Jaiswal Priyanka , Masurkar Deepika 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
The word “Euthanasia” relates to two different words from the Greek language “Eu which indicates good and Thanatosis which indicates death”, suggesting a “satisfactory Death” or “easy and painless Death” The phrase “mercy killing” has become associated with this meaning. It comprises inflicting painless death on a person suffering from an incurable and dreadful illness. It’s the practice of terminating a person’s life by administering a lethal injection or ceasing medical treatment. Informed and shared decision-making between the patient and the health professional caring for him or her is crucial for the quality of care and its outcomes. Living wills are nothing more than a tangible representation of this truth. As a result of their legal approval, patients’ autonomy has been recognized. However, there are some differences in the regulations that have been adopted, and the health practice linked with these documents raises a number of practical and ethical questions that should be considered.

Materials and Methods:
PUBMED and COCHRANE databases were searched, with no language constraints, up to July 2021. Trial registration studies, hand searching, and bibliographic references of pertinent literature were also checked. Individual authors were responsible for data collection and analysis. The studies were evaluated independently by three review authors.

Conclusion:
A thorough assessment of the current accessible literature on living will be conducted, just to focus on the knowledge of euthanasia in detail. Most importantly, the social impact of the concept of euthanasia needs to be understood by the society. Moreover, it must be considered that euthanasia is different from suicide. Few communities may show the interference of their religion with euthanasia. So it is essential to enlighten the idea of euthanasia in legal ways for different countries.
Caregiving burden and associated factors among family caregivers of individuals with schizophrenia in Bangladesh: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Tabassum Tahsin T. , Rahman Nur-A-Safrina , Hossain S. M. Shakhawat , Abdullah Faisal , Nawar Lubaba Tasneem , Lima Fahmida I. , Gupta Mridul , Kona Suraiya P. , Podder Vivek 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Schizophrenia is a severe mental disorder affecting millions worldwide. Family caregivers play a vital role in patient treatment and recovery, but their responsibilities can be physically and emotionally exhausting. There is limited research on caregiver burden in Bangladesh, prompting this study to identify factors associated with the burden among caregivers of schizophrenic patients.

Methods:
This cross-sectional study collected data from 175 caregivers from January to December 2020 in Dhaka, Bangladesh. A semi-structured questionnaire and a validated Bangla version of the Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI) scale were used to assess the burden of primary caregivers and associated factors in caring for patients with schizophrenia.

Results:
Participants’ mean age was 34.02 ± 10.45 years, with 26.9% in the 34-41 age group. 49.1% were housewives, with most earning 5000 to 15000 taka monthly. Spouses accounted for 28.6% of caregivers. Most patients had an illness duration of less than five years (66.3%). Mean ZBI score was 49.49 ± 12.06, indicating moderate to severe burden. Factors significantly associated with caregiver burden included age, gender, occupation, income, marital status, house condition, relationship with patients, illness stage, and duration.

Conclusion:
This study highlights the burden experienced by caregivers of schizophrenic patients in Bangladesh and identifies factors associated with the burden. It recommends community interventions and psychosocial provisions to address this issue and inform targeted interventions to reduce caregiver burden. These findings provide insights for a comprehensive plan to manage such cases in the future.
Efficacy of a levothyroxine dosage regimen based on serum thyrotropin level, for primary hypothyroidism. An open label dose finding study
Authors: Nair Abilash , Chellamma Jayakumari , Gopi Anjana , Sujatha Chintha , Sarayu Soumya , Jabbar P. K. 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
There are no guidelines on individualized initial levothyroxine dosage in primary hypothyroidism. This prospective observational study was done to assess whether a predetermined dose of levothyroxine based on Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) levels would be able to make the patient euthyroid during a period of six weeks and to find other factors which influence the levothyroxine requirement.

Materials and Methods:
Newly diagnosed patients with primary hypothyroidism or those patients who were not on levothyroxine therapy were divided into TSH-based groups—Group 1, 5–9.99, Group 2, 10–29.99, Group 3, 30–99.99 and Group 4, >100 μIU/ml and treated with an initial levothyroxine dose of 25,50,75 and100 μg/day for next six weeks. Factors correlating with levothyroxine requirement were determined.

Results:
Of the 171 patients who were included 142 completed the study, 34,46,28 and 34 patients were included in groups 1 to 4, respectively. Normalization of TSH with the above criteria was achieved in 111 (78.7%) out of 141 patients, and 91%, 67%, 75%, and 82% respectively in the 4 groups. Among adequately replaced patients pre-treatment TSH level (r = 0.81), T4 level (r = 0.61), and body weight (r = 0.19) correlated with the levothyroxine requirement. Based on these factors predicted initial dose (μg/day) was found to be 0.54 (Body Weight [Kg]) +0.47 (TSH [μIU/m]) - 1.4 (Total T4 [μg/dl]) +17.79 or 0.27 (Body Weight) +0.553 (TSH) +21.

Conclusion:
Serum thyrotropin-based categorization for initial levothyroxine dose leads to euthyroidism in nearly four of five patients with primary hypothyroidism. The dose required for adequate replacement of levothyroxine has correlation with pre-treatment serum TSH levels serum thyroxine levels and body weight.
Perception of self and it’s effect on anxiety and depression among adolescent girls
Authors: Singh Shambhavee , Singh Shivendra K. , Kar Sujita K. , Manar Manish K. , Gupta Abhishek 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Perception of self is a primary source for fostering negative influences in an adolescent’s life. This stage may increase the risk for various psychiatric disorders.

Objectives:
To assess the grade of anxiety and depression and to study their relationship with various factors of perception of self, among adolescent girls.

Materials and Methods:
School-going adolescent girls from two government schools at Lucknow were selected using a two-stage random sampling technique. A total of 200 participants were personally interviewed for their socio-demographic details, perception of self, and screened for symptoms of anxiety and depression.

Results:
Of the 200 school-going adolescent girls who participated in the study, 63.5% screened positive for the symptoms of anxiety and 73.0% for symptoms of depression. A total of 11.5% and 3.5% school-going adolescent girls had severe anxiety and major depression; severe severity, respectively. Both anxiety and depression among school-going adolescent girls were significantly associated with factors like possessing qualities that they are ashamed of (P = 0.005 and 0.011), body image dissatisfaction (P = 0.004 and 0.017), and getting suicidal thoughts in times of difficulties (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:
A fair number of adolescent girls had severe anxiety and major depression of severe severity. Therefore, adolescents must be screened for mental disorders from time to time and those at high risk must be identified.
Augmenting the spirit of research among nursing personnel: A narrative review
Authors: Rani Manisha , Podder Lily , Bhardwaj Geeta 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
In health-related technology, the professionalism paradigm has shifted from a traditional-based approach to evidence-based nursing practice (EBP). For nurses, EBP as a systematic approach to problem solving is well supported and is based on translating the best current research findings into a decision made on patient care or nursing intervention.

Objective:
To review the strategies to develop the research capacity among nurses.

Design:
A keyword search was used to locate relevant articles. Bibliographic data were retrieved from PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, CINAHL, and Medline. A total of 100 articles were retrieved, and 27 were included in the article.

Results:
Major challenges affecting the development of research skills have been identified including lack of time for research, high teaching loads, and need to balance this work with administrative and clinical responsibilities, Lack of funding, shortage of skilled personnel, and absence of research infrastructure. Some of the skills identified in the literature for augmenting research capacity, i.e., infrastructure development, promotion of research cultures and environments, and facilitation of training.

Conclusion:
However, more empirical studies are needed to understand the process of implementing and evaluating capacity building in nursing, clinical as well as academic. Capacity building is globally important because it can improve the quality of nursing education, the caliber of nurses, and the standard of care that patients receive.