bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of depressive and alcohol abuse symptoms among women VA outpatients who report experiencing sexual assault while in the military
Authors: Hankin Cheryl S. , Skinner Katherine M. , Sullivan Lisa M. , Miller Donald R. , Frayne Susan , Tripp Tara J. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractAmong a national sample of 3,632 women VA outpatients, we determined self‐reported prevalence of sexual assault experienced during military service and compared screening prevalence for current symptoms of depression and alcohol abuse between those who did and did not report this history. Data were obtained by mailed questionnaire. Military‐related sexual assault was reported by 23%. Screening prevalence for symptoms of current depression was 3 times higher and for current alcohol abuse was 2 times higher among those who reported experiencing military‐related sexual assault. Recent mental health treatment was reported by 50% of those who reported experiencing sexual assault during military service and screened positive for symptoms of depression, and by 40% of those who screened positive for symptoms of alcohol abuse.
Bus commuters' coping strategies and anxiety from terrorism: An example of the Israeli experience
Authors: Gidron Yori , Gal Reuven , Zahavi Sa'ar 
Published: September 2003

AbstractThis study examined the use of three coping strategies: (1) emotion‐focused coping (calming‐distraction); (2) problem‐focused coping (checking‐behavior); and (3) denial (reduced perceived vulnerability), and their relationship to anxiety from terrorism among 50 Israeli bus commuters. Their mean age was 31 years (60% females). Commuting frequency was negatively correlated, and problem‐focused coping was positively correlated with anxiety from terrorism. Ratios of problem‐focused coping/denial and of problem‐focused/emotion‐focused coping were each positively correlated with anxiety from terrorism. Coping ratios accounted for 15% of the variance in anxiety from terrorism, after considering commuting frequency. Combining minimal problem‐focused preventative acts with distraction and reduced perceived vulnerability may be beneficial.
Posttraumatic stress disorder and traumatic brain injury: Are they mutually exclusive?
Authors: Joseph Stephen , Masterson Jackie 
Published: September 2003

AbstractIt has been suggested that posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and traumatic brain injury (TBI) must be mutually incompatible disorders. However, growing empirical evidence has begun to question this. Evidence suggests that although PTSD may be relatively rare among the TBI population, some TBI patients seem to develop PTSD. We suggest two theoretical routes through which PTSD might develop in TBI patients: through nonconscious processes in individuals who are subsequently amnesic, but who were conscious at the time of the traumatic episode and through subsequent appraisal processes in individuals who were unconscious during the traumatic episode.
Combat, dissociation, and posttraumatic stress disorder in Australian Vietnam veterans
Authors: O'Toole Brian I. , Marshall Richard P. , Schureck Ralph J. , Dobson Matthew 
Published: September 2003

AbstractThe specificity of various wartime stressors for different posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms is inconsistently reported in the literature. Combat, wounding, and peritraumatic dissociation have not been assessed together in their effects on each of the various PTSD symptom clusters. This cohort study of a random sample of male Australian Army Vietnam veterans yielded psychiatric assessments of 641 subjects. PTSD measures comprised symptom criteria for reexperiencing, numbing and avoidance, hyperarousal, and PTSD diagnosis both lifetime and current within the past month. Logistic regression is used to examine the effects of combat, wounding, and peritraumatic dissociation together on PTSD. Combat experiences comprised four components derived from a principal components analysis of combat experiences: direct combat exposure, exposure to death and injury, exposure to civilian death and injury, and exposure to mutilation. Each was differentially related to reexperiencing, avoidance, hyperarousal, and PTSD diagnosis. Being wounded was not related to lifetime or current PTSD and peritraumatic dissociation was related to all diagnostic components of PTSD in the presence of other variables.
War‐related trauma and stress characteristics of American University of Beirut students
Authors: Abu‐Saba Mary B. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractAn investigation of war‐trauma was made utilizing an initial pool of 1,268 undergraduates at the American University of Beirut. Based on the number of war events the students had experienced, 400 students were invited to return for further questioning about their present stress characteristics. Inventories measuring anxiety, depression, and PTSD were administered to 273 students responding to the request. Those who experienced many war events scored significantly higher on all three stress scales. Women scored higher than men on anxiety regardless of war exposure category, but there was no difference between women and men on PTSD or depression.
An examination of antecedent traumas and psychiatric comorbidity among male inmates with PTSD
Authors: Gibson Laura E. , Holt John C. , Fondacaro Karen M. , Tang Tricia S. , Powell Thomas A. , Turbitt Erin L. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractDespite substantially higher rates of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among male inmates than among men in the general population, there is a dearth of research on PTSD among incarcerated men. The current study addresses traumatic events that precede PTSD and psychiatric disorders that are comorbid with PTSD in an inmate sample. Seeing someone seriously injured or killed, being sexually abused, and being physically assaulted were the three most commonly reported antecedent traumas to PTSD. Lifetime and current rates of mood disorders, anxiety disorders, and antisocial personality disorder were elevated among inmates with a diagnosis of PTSD. Two hundred and thirteen inmates participated in the study. Sixty‐nine participants (33%) met lifetime DSM–III–R criteria for PTSD, and 45 (21%) met current criteria. The findings are compared with general population samples, and implications of the findings are discussed.
Analysis of violent behavior in Vietnam combat veteran psychiatric inpatients with posttraumatic stress disorder
Authors: McFall Miles , Fontana Alan , Raskind Murray , Rosenheck Robert 
Published: September 2003

AbstractThis study tested the hypothesis that male Vietnam veterans seeking inpatient treatment for PTSD (n = 228) exhibit more violent behavior compared with a mixed diagnostic group of male psychiatric inpatients without PTSD (n = 64) and a community sample of Vietnam veterans with PTSD not undergoing inpatient treatment (n = 273). Violent acts assessed included property destruction, threats without a weapon, physical fighting, and threats with a weapon. PTSD inpatients engaged in more types of violent behavior than both comparison conditions. Correlates of violence among PTSD inpatients included PTSD symptom severity and, to a lesser degree, measures of substance abuse. These findings justify routine assessment of violent behavior among inpatients with PTSD, as well as application of specialized interventions for anger dyscontrol and aggression.
Virtual reality exposure therapy for PTSD Vietnam veterans: A case study
Authors: Rothbaum Barbara Olasov , Hodges Larry , Alarcon Renato , Ready David , Shahar Fran , Graap Ken , Pair Jarrel , Hebert Philip , Gotz Dave , Wills Brian , Baltzell David 
Published: September 2003

AbstractVirtual reality (VR) integrates real‐time computer graphics, body tracking devices, visual displays, and other sensory input devices to immerse a participant in a computer‐generated virtual environment that changes in a natural way with head and body motion. VR exposure (VRE) is proposed as an alternative to typical imaginal exposure treatment for Vietnam combat veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This report presents the results of the first Vietnam combat veteran with PTSD to have been treated with VRE. The patient was exposed to two virtual environments, a virtual Huey helicopter flying over a virtual Vietnam and a clearing surrounded by jungle. The patient experienced a 34% decrease on clinician‐rated PTSD and a 45% decrease on self‐rated PTSD. Treatment gains were maintained at 6‐month follow‐up.
Dissociative symptoms in acute stress disorder
Authors: Harvey Allison G. , Bryant Richard A. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractThis study provides a profile of symptoms, and particularly dissociative symptoms, in the diagnosis of acute stress disorder (ASD) following motor vehicle accidents (MVAs). Consecutive adult non‐brain‐injured admissions to a major trauma hospital (N = 92) were assessed between 2 days and 4 weeks following an MVA. Presence of ASD was determined by a structured clinical interview. The occurrence of full and subsyndromal ASD was approximately 13% and 21%, respectively. The majority of those who met criteria for subsyndromal ASD did not meet the ASD criteria for dissociation. At least 80% of individuals who reported derealization also reported reduced awareness and depersonalization. This significant overlap between dissociative symptoms questions the discriminatory power and conceptual independence of the dissociative criteria. These findings suggest the need for a more refined conceptual and operational understanding of dissociative symptoms in the acute trauma stage.
Memory functioning in adult women traumatized by childhood sexual abuse
Authors: Stein Murray B. , Hanna Cindy , Vaerum Vibeke , Koverola Catherine 
Published: September 2003

AbstractMemory impairment has been reported in some studies of patients with combat‐related posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and in rape victims with PTSD. The authors tested whether explicit memory impairment was evident in adult women who were traumatized by severe sexual abuse in childhood. The California Verbal Learning Test (Delis, Kramer, Kaplan, & Ober, 1987) and the Benton Visual Retention Task (Benton, 1974) were administered to 22 female adult survivors of childhood sexual trauma and to 20 demographically and educationally similar nonvictimized women. No evidence was found of explicit memory impairment in the abuse survivors. Furthermore, neither PTSD severity, dissociative symptom severity, nor extent of preexisting amnesia for childhood trauma contributed to the variance in memory functioning. Additional studies are needed to determine the extent to which impaired explicit memory functioning is a common feature of posttraumatic stress syndromes.
Coping responses and posttraumatic stress symptomatology in urban fire service personnel
Authors: Beaton Randal , Murphy Shirley , Johnson Clark , Pike Ken , Corneil Wayne 
Published: September 2003

AbstractEmergency workers, including urban fire fighters and paramedics, must cope with a variety of duty‐related stressors including traumatic incident exposures. Little is known about coping responses of emergency workers or whether their coping responses predict future mental health outcomes. The previously formulated Coping Responses of Rescue Workers Inventory (CRRWI) underwent a principal components analysis employing a sample (N = 220) of urban fire fighters and paramedics. Six empirically and theoretically distinct CRRWI components were identified which were relatively stable over a 6‐month period. Scores on one of the CRRWI scales, but neither years of service nor their past half year's traumatic incident exposures, predicted future changes in self‐reports of posttraumatic stress symptomatology.
Functional impairment and utilization of services associated with posttraumatic stress in the community
Authors: Amaya‐Jackson Lisa , Davidson Jonathan R. , Hughes Dana C. , Swartz Marvin , Reynolds Victoria , George Linda K. , Blazer Dan G. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractThis study describes social functioning and service utilization patterns associated with posttraumatic stress symptoms relative to nonpsychiatric controls and depressive disorder controls in a cross‐sectional epidemiological survey. Data from 49 cases and 147 controls who participated in the North Carolina component of the Epidemiologic Catchment Area study were examined. Results indicate that symptoms of posttraumatic stress were associated with impairment along several domains of functioning: social, financial, physical, and psychological. Individuals with posttraumatic stress were found to have more socioeconomic disadvantages and impaired functioning. Despite this, individuals with posttraumatic stress are receiving relatively few mental health services. Further research assessing service use, treatment, and functional outcomes are indicated.
Modeling physical health and functional health status: The role of combat exposure, posttraumatic stress disorder, and personal resource attributes
Authors: Taft Casey T. , Stern Amy S. , King Lynda A. , King Daniel W. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractThis study examined associations of combat exposure and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) with physical health conditions and also incorporated hardiness and social support as mediators and functional health status as an outcome. Data were derived from 1,632 male and female Vietnam veterans who participated in the National Vietnam Veterans Readjustment Study. Path analysis revealed that hardiness and social support operated primarily as intermediary variables between combat exposure and PTSD, and PTSD emerged as the pivotal variable explaining physical health conditions and functional health status. Gender‐based differences in means and patterns of associations among variables were found. The results stress the importance of assessing trauma in clinical settings as a meaningful determinant of health outcomes.
Acute intrusive and avoidant PTSD symptoms as predictors of chronic PTSD following burn injury
Authors: Difede JoAnn , Barocas Daniel 
Published: September 2003

AbstractSeveral studies have endeavored to learn if acute PTSD symptoms are predictive of chronic PTSD, with equivocal results. In the present study, acute intrusive and avoidant PTSD symptoms were analyzed as possible predictors of chronic PTSD following burn injury. Results showed that baseline IES scores, within one week of injury, were significantly different for those who were later diagnosed with chronic PTSD. Additional analyses, undertaken to assess the relative importance of each symptom group in predicting chronic PTSD, indicated that both the presence, per se, and severity of acute avoidant symptoms predicted chronic PTSD.
Childhood abuse and sexual revictimization in a female Navy recruit sample
Authors: Merrill Lex L. , Newell Carol E. , Thomsen Cynthia J. , Gold Steven R. , Milner Joel S. , Koss Mary P. , Rosswork Sandra G. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractTo examine effects of childhood abuse on adult rape, 1,887 female Navy recruits were surveyed. Overall 35% of recruits had been raped and 57% had experienced childhood physical abuse (CPA) and/or childhood sexual abuse (CSA). Controlling for CPA, rape was significantly (4.8 times) more likely among women who had experienced CSA than among women who had not. In contrast, CPA (controlling for CSA) was unrelated to likelihood of adult rape. Alcohol problems and number of sex partners were examined as mediators. Although both variabies predicted rape, their effects were independent of the effects of CSA. Finally, despite ethnic group differences in the prevalence of victimization, the predictors of rape did not differ significantly across ethnic groups.
Victimization experiences and HIV infection in women: Associations with serostatus, psychological symptoms, and health status
Authors: Kimerling Rachel , Armistead Lisa , Forehand Rex 
Published: September 2003

AbstractThe present investigation evaluates the relationship between HIV infection and victimization with regard to the interplay of these two factors as they relate to mental and physical health. Eighty eight inner‐city low income African‐American women who are HIV‐infected and a demographically similar comparison group of women who were not HIV‐infected were assessed for victimization experiences (rape, physical assault, robbery/attack) via interview. Additionally, the psychological symptoms and health status correlates of victimization within the HIV‐infected group are delineated. Results indicated that women in the HIV‐infected sample were significantly more likely to report a victimization experience. Additionally, within the HIV‐infected group, victims reported higher levels of global psychological distress, depressive symptomatology, and greater distress regarding physical symptoms than nonvictims. Furthermore, HIV‐infected victims were diagnosed with higher rates of AIDS‐defining conditions than HIV‐infected nonvictims. These results underscore the importance of acknowledging the experience of violent victimization in the prevention and treatment of HIV infection in women.
Psychometric properties of a hurricane coping self‐efficacy measure
Authors: Benight Charles C. , Ironson Gail , Durham Robert L. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractThis brief report describes the psychometric properties of an instrument designed to measure Hurricane Coping Self‐Efficacy (HCSE). Survivors of Hurricane Andrew (n = 165) and Hurricane Opal (n = 63) completed the HCSE and assessments of optimism, social support, distress, and resource loss. Principal components factor analyses revealed a unidimensional structure for the HCSE. Internal consistency of the HCSE was strong. In both samples, HCSE was positively associated with optimism and social support, but negatively associated with general psychological distress, trauma related distress, and resource loss. Finally, hierarchical regression analyses demonstrated that the HCSE explained a significant amount of experimental variance for intrusive thoughts and avoidance after controlling for social support, lost resources, and optimism.
PTSD and comorbid psychotic disorder: Comparison with veterans diagnosed with PTSD or psychotic disorder
Authors: Sautter Frederic J. , Brailey Kevin , Uddo Madeline M. , Hamilton Michelle F. , Beard Marcia G. , Borges Alicia H. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractSymptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), psychosis, general psychopathology, role functioning, violence potential, and cognitive and emotional aspects of psychotic states were compared in three groups of veterans. Groups were defined on the basis of their DSM‐IV diagnoses: Psychotic disorder and war‐related PTSD, war‐related PTSD without psychotic symptoms, and psychotic disorder without PTSD. Veterans with PTSD and a comorbid psychotic disorder showed significantly higher levels of positive symptoms of psychosis, general psychopathology, paranoia, and violent thoughts, feelings, and behaviors than the other two groups. These data show that patients with comorbid PTSD and psychotic disorder show levels of cognitive, emotional, and behavioral disturbance that far exceed the levels of disturbance seen in patients with PTSD without psychosis or in patients with psychotic disorder.
Divalproex in posttraumatic stress disorder: An open‐label clinical trial
Authors: Clark Ronald D. , Cañive José M. , Calais Lawrence A. , Qualls Clifford R. , Tuason Vicente B. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractPosttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is characterized by intrusive, avoidance, and hyperarousal symptoms. This study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of divalproex in reducing PTSD symptoms, depression, and anxiety in patients with PTSD. Sixteen patients with a DSM‐IV diagnosis of PTSD at the Albuquerque VAMC outpatient PTSD treatment program received an open‐label trial of divalproex. The patients were evaluated at baseline and at 8 weeks by a trained rater using the Clinician Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS), the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM‐D) and the Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety (HAM‐A). Plasma valproate levels were measured at the 8‐week post‐treatment assessment. Three patients stopped the medications due to side effects. Intrusion and hyperarousal symptoms decreased significantly, while no significant change was seen in avoidance/numbing symptoms. Depressive symptoms, as measured by the HAM‐D, unexpectedly decreased at post‐treatment assessment. HAM‐A scores also decreased significantly. Controlled trials are needed to further study the efficacy of divalproex in the treatment of PTSD.
Treating health concerns within the context of childhood sexual assault: A case study
Authors: Nayak Madhabika B. , Resnick Heidi S. , Holmes Melisa M. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractA cognitive‐behavioral treatment package used to treat physical health concerns and fears in a young adult woman with a history of child sexual assault is described. Treatment targeting health concerns was used as an adjunct to treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Treatment included psychoeducation, systematic desensitization, and stress‐innoculation training. The treatment helped reduce the patient's health concerns, including stomach cramps and fear of medical examinations. Theoretical issues underlying treatment of health concerns as related to PTSD avoidance behavior are discussed.
Calreticulin binds preferentially with B cell linear epitopes of Ro60 kD autoantigen, enhancing recognition by anti-Ro60 kD autoantibodies
Authors: STAIKOU E V , ROUTSIAS J G , MAKRI A A , TERZOGLOU A , SAKARELLOS-DAITSIOTIS M , SAKARELLOS C , PANAYOTOU G , MOUTSOPOULOS H M , TZIOUFAS A G 
Published: September 2003

SUMMARYCalreticulin is a molecular chaperone to newly synthesized polypeptides. Previous studies suggested that calreticulin is probably a protein member of the Ro/La RNP complex. The aims of this study were (a) to investigate whether linear B cell epitopes of the Ro/La RNP complex are bound to calreticulin and (b) if the complex peptide–calreticulin is recognized specifically by anti-Ro autoantibodies. Calreticulin was isolated from either human or pig spleen using a multi-step purification method and found to interact preferentially with biotinylated peptides derived from the sequence of the Ro60 kD 175–184aa(10p) and 216–232aa(17p). The interaction of the peptide–calreticulin complex was favoured by the combination of heat treatment, divalent cations and ATP. La/SSB epitopes did not react with calreticulin. Peptides corresponding to La/SSB epitopes as well as the common epitope of Sm did not interact with calreticulin. Thirty-eight anti-Ro60 KD positive and 23 anti-Ro60 kD negative sera of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) were tested. All anti-Ro60 kD positive sera bound the complex calreticulin-17p, while 95% of the same sera had activity against the complex calreticulin − 10p. Tested individually, calreticulin, pep10p and pep17p presented very low reactivity (8%, 11% and 29%, respectively) against anti-Ro60 kD positive sera. Anti-Ro60 KD negative sera did not exhibit significant reactivity either with calreticulin, 10ρ and 17ρ or with the complexes calreticulin − 10p and calreticulin-17p (&lt;5%). These results suggest that calreticulin can induce conformation-dependent recognition of the Ro60 kD epitopes, leading eventually to their recognition by autoantibodies. This is the first time that such a relationship is shown between a chaperone protein and fragments of an intracellular autoantigen. This work also provides insights into the understanding of mechanisms for autoantibody production. Furthermore, this association can be proved useful for the development of new sensitive assays for autoantibody detection.