bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clustering fusion algorithm for selection of historical beam steady-state transmission data in CAFe facility
Authors: Cao Z.G. , Guo Y.H. , Yang X.H , Yan C.M. , Hou M.Y. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Accelerator-driven systems (ADS) are promising technologies
for nuclear waste transmutation and energy production. The China ADS
Front-end Superconducting Demo Linac (CAFe) is a prototype of the
China Initiative Accelerator Driven System (CiADS), which aims to
verify the feasibility of key technologies of CiADS. In this
article, a novel method for historical data screening of the beam
transport in the medium energy beam transport (MEBT) section of CAFe
is presented. A clustering fusion algorithm based on unsupervised
learning and beam transmission characteristics is designed to
extract a large number of samples with the beam in steady-state
transmission from historical beam data. A deep neural network model
was constructed to fit the beam transport characteristics and verify
the reliability of the screened data samples. The method can improve
the efficiency and accuracy of data analysis and provide valuable
insights for the optimization and control of beam transport in
CAFe.
An integrative methodology framework for assessing regional ecological risk by land degradation using the case of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau
Authors: Wang Yi , Lü Yihe , Lü Da , Yin Lichang , Wang Xiaofeng 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Land degradation poses significant threats to the sustainability of ecosystem structures, functions, and services, leading to increasing ecological risks. However, integrative assessment of the ecological risk driven by land degradation remains a challenge. In this study, we established a methodological framework for assessing regional ecological risk by integrating degenerative land use transitions with multiple ecological indicators. Specifically, 11 degradation modes of land use transitions and 7 indicators on ecosystem structures, functions, and services are quantitatively integrated using remote sensing data from 2000 to 2020 in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau of China. Results revealed that the comprehensive ecological risk of the plateau is higher in the southern and northern regions. Furthermore, we found that land development from forests towards cropland and degradation towards grasslands lead to higher ecological risks than grassland development and degradation. The ecological risk tends to show a significant distance decay pattern around the patches with land degradation. Our research framework provides an efficient, explicit, and transferable means of exploring spatiotemporal changes in ecological risk caused by degenerative land use transitions at the regional scale. It presents a constructive tool for facilitating regional-scale land use and ecosystem management planning and assessment.
Closed form expressions for the Green’s function of a quantum graph—a scattering approach
Authors: Lawrie Tristan , Gnutzmann Sven , Tanner Gregor 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In this work we present a three step procedure for generating a closed form expression of the Green’s function on both closed and open finite quantum graphs with general self-adjoint matching conditions. We first generalize and simplify the approach by Barra and Gaspard (2001 Phys. Rev. E 65 016205) and then discuss the validity of the explicit expressions. For compact graphs, we show that the explicit expression is equivalent to the spectral decomposition as a sum over poles at the discrete energy eigenvalues with residues that contain projector kernel onto the corresponding eigenstate. The derivation of the Green’s function is based on the scattering approach, in which stationary solutions are constructed by treating each vertex or subgraph as a scattering site described by a scattering matrix. The latter can then be given in a simple closed form from which the Green’s function is derived. The relevant scattering matrices contain inverse operators which are not well defined for wave numbers at which bound states in the continuum exists. It is shown that the singularities in the scattering matrix related to these bound states or perfect scars can be regularised. Green’s functions or scattering matrices can then be expressed as a sum of a regular and a singular part where the singular part contains the projection kernel onto the perfect scar.
Ultrasound standing wave spatial patterning of human umbilical vein endothelial cells for 3D micro-vascular networks formation
Authors: Le Huong Thi , Phan Huu Lam , Lenshof Andreas , Duong Van Thuy , Choi Cholong , Cha Chaenyung , Laurell Thomas , Koo Kyo-in 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Generating functional and perfusable micro-vascular networks is an important goal for the fabrication of large and three-dimensional tissues. Up to now, the fabrication of micro-vascular networks is a complicated multitask involving several different factors such as time consuming, cells survival, micro-diameter vasculature and strict alignment. Here, we propose a technique combining multi-material extrusion and ultrasound standing wave forces to create a network structure of human umbilical vein endothelial cells within a mixture of calcium alginate and decellularized extracellular matrix. The functionality of the matured microvasculature networks was demonstrated through the enhancement of cell–cell adhesion, angiogenesis process, and perfusion tests with microparticles, FITC-dextran, and whole mouse blood. Moreover, animal experiments exhibited the implantability including that the pre-existing blood vessels of the host sprout towards the preformed vessels of the scaffold over time and the microvessels inside the implanted scaffold matured from empty tubular structures to functional blood-carrying microvessels in two weeks.
Exploring farmers’ support needs for the adoption of agri-environmental practices: an application of the theoretical domains framework
Authors: Baaken Marieke Cornelia , Bartkowski Bartosz , Rode Julian 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Shifting agriculture onto a more sustainable trajectory requires significant changes in farmer behaviour in terms of implementing agri-environmental practices. Understanding the underlying factors influencing farmers’ behaviour can provide guidance when it comes to targeting agricultural policies and ensuring that they are effective. This study builds on the 14 domains of the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) to explore farmers’ support needs for adopting agri-environmental practices. TDF ratings from 29 interviews with German farmers reveal the importance of the TDF domains for three agri-environmental practices, namely agroforestry, biological pest control and controlled release fertilization. Farmers state support needs for all TDF domains, but the ratings reveal significant differences in support needs across the TDF domains as well as among the practices. Higher overall support needs for agroforestry and biological pest control compared to those for sustainable fertilization practices may reflect the additional challenges associated with more systemic shifts in farming practices. Applying the TDF to the agricultural context can be helpful for developing targeted and theoretically informed policy interventions.
Highly efficient and reliable numerical approach for predicting automotive hood displacement: consideration of composite materials and weatherstrip structures
Authors: Ryu Gyeongsik , Yoon Bumyong , Shin Jinsoo , Rhie Chul Hong , Suhr Jonghwan 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The automotive hood, a closure system for the engine compartment, must be mounted in a suitable position to avoid irregular gaps and flushes when it is initially assembled. The hood panel is mounted with an elastomer part called weatherstrip that is generally made of ethylene propylene diene monomer foam material to seal and reduce vehicle vibration and whistling noise. Because the elastomer material exhibits non-linear mechanical properties and viscoelasticity, which result in unpredictable reaction forces and compression set, the finite element analysis (FEA) of the automotive hood panel displacement with weatherstrip model shows low precision and long computing time. To resolve this issue, in this study, a cost-effective methodology for FEA is introduced by applying compressive stress of a weatherstrip to the distributed surface load in the finite element model without weatherstrip modeling. In addition, a 2D FEA of the weatherstrip is performed to investigate the effects of structural parameters on the reaction force. This work demonstrates a numerical approach for predicting automotive hood displacement by considering the material properties and the structural design variables of the weatherstrip. Therefore, this approach can be applied to other closer parts where it requires highly efficient yet reliable predictive results for mounting position.
Design and demonstration of composite mufflers based on dissipative and reactive units
Authors: Shi Quanquan , Yang Yuzhen , Mei Zhongjian , Lin Yuanyan , Li Xingyun , Tian Pengyi , Kong Peng , Jia Han , Yang Jun , Deng Ke 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
We have proposed and validated a design of a composite muffler. By a combination of dissipative and reactive units with different operating mechanisms, the advantages of both structures are utilized to achieve high transmission loss (TL) from low to high frequency in the ventilation duct system. A dissipative muffler composed of porous sound absorbing materials (PSAM) is chosen for noise attenuation above 1000 Hz, and a reactive muffler composed of Helmholtz resonators is used to reduce the noise below 1000 Hz. The combination of the two can achieve a TL above 20 dB in the broadband range of 244–1600 Hz and up to 30 dB in the vast majority of the frequency band, demonstrating excellent noise reduction effect. The proposed composite muffler has great advantages in broadband noise reduction for ventilation systems.
Assessing the impact of Byzantine attacks on coupled phase oscillators
Authors: Tyloo Melvyn 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
For many coupled dynamical systems, the interaction is the outcome of the measurement that each unit has of the others as e.g. in modern inverter-based power grids, autonomous vehicular platoons or swarms of drones, or it is the result of physical flows. Synchronization among all the components of these systems is of primal importance to avoid failures. The overall operational state of these systems therefore crucially depends on the correct and reliable functioning of the individual elements as well as the information they transmit through the network. Here, we investigate the effect of Byzantine attacks where one unit does not behave as expected, but is controlled by an external attacker. For such attacks, we assess the impact on the global collective behavior of nonlinearly coupled phase oscillators. We relate the synchronization error induced by the input signal to the properties of the attacked node. This allows to anticipate the potential of an attacker and identify which network components to secure.
Perceptions of PGY1 pharmacy resident research, final projects, and associated publication outcomes
Authors: Crosley Margaret L , Dumkow Lisa E , Belfer Julie J , VanLangen Kali M 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Purpose
To describe the publication rate and the research landscape of postgraduate year 1 (PGY1) pharmacy residency programs within the Great Lakes Pharmacy Resident Conference (GLPRC) region.

Methods
This study was comprised of two elements. The first was a retrospective cohort evaluation of previously presented GLPRC research abstracts and publication rates. The second was a 45-question survey of current GLPRC PGY1 residency program directors (RPDs). The primary objective of this study was to evaluate publication rates of PGY1 abstracts submitted to the GLPRC. Secondary objectives included describing RPD perceptions of the value of research, identifying perceived barriers to research completion, and characterizing current and ideal components of residency research programs.

Results
A total of 447 PGY1 abstracts were reviewed; 47 (10.5%) resulted in manuscript publication within a peer-reviewed journal. There was no significant difference in publication rates between years (9.5% in 2013 vs 13.8% in 2016 vs 7.4% in 2019, P = 0.166). One hundred ten PGY1 RPDs in the GLPRC region were invited to participate in the survey, with 33 (30%) responses received. The majority of programs (94%) required manuscript submission to the RPD prior to graduation; however, only 12% required submission for peer-reviewed publication. Major barriers to research completion included lack of preceptor time and knowledge regarding the research and publication process, as well as lack of resident interest and knowledge of the process.

Conclusion
The current publication rate of PGY1 research abstracts presented at the GLPRC remains at approximately 10%, which is unchanged from a previous investigation. RPD perceptions of the research process and barriers also remain largely unchanged or less favorable.
Interpreting Swearwords in Police Interviews and Perceived Offensiveness of Insults in the UK and Spain
Authors: Hijazo-Gascón Alberto , Gómez-Bedoya María , Filipović Luna 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Despite how damaging the consequences of an inadequate translation of swearwords might be, little attention has been paid to insults, in both academic research and interpreting training. The mistranslation of an insult can affect how the police officer perceives the severity of the punishable offence and makes a judgment about what kind of action is appropriate. This study includes two experiments. First, an interpreting experiment was carried out with English–Spanish interpreting students (N = 36), including the translation of 30 insults in three different contexts. The second task aimed to find how each of the insults was comparable across both languages, according to native speakers’ perceptions. We elicited native speakers’ ratings for offensiveness of each of these lexical items (British N = 204 and Spanish N = 178). The results show variation in the degree of offensiveness by Spanish and British English speakers. We argue that learning insults needs to become part of interpreting training in legal contexts. This study aims to contribute to this interdisciplinary area, with one of the practical goals being the application of our results in professional training.
Searching similar local 3D micro-environments in protein structure databases with MicroMiner
Authors: Sieg Jochen , Rarey Matthias 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The available protein structure data are rapidly increasing. Within these structures, numerous local structural sites depict the details characterizing structure and function. However, searching and analyzing these sites extensively and at scale poses a challenge. We present a new method to search local sites in protein structure databases using residue-defined local 3D micro-environments. We implemented the method in a new tool called MicroMiner and demonstrate the capabilities of residue micro-environment search on the example of structural mutation analysis. Usually, experimental structures for both the wild-type and the mutant are unavailable for comparison. With MicroMiner, we extracted $&gt;255 \times 10^{6}$ amino acid pairs in protein structures from the PDB, exemplifying single mutations’ local structural changes for single chains and $&gt;45 \times 10^{6}$ pairs for protein–protein interfaces. We further annotate existing data sets of experimentally measured mutation effects, like $\Delta \Delta G$ measurements, with the extracted structure pairs to combine the mutation effect measurement with the structural change upon mutation. In addition, we show how MicroMiner can bridge the gap between mutation analysis and structure-based drug design tools. MicroMiner is available as a command line tool and interactively on the https://proteins.plus/ webserver.
Guiding the design of well-powered Hi-C experiments to detect differential loops
Authors: Parker Sarah M , Davis Eric S , Phanstiel Douglas H 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Motivation
Three-dimensional chromatin structure plays an important role in gene regulation by connecting regulatory regions and gene promoters. The ability to detect the formation and loss of these loops in various cell types and conditions provides valuable information on the mechanisms driving these cell states and is critical for understanding long-range gene regulation. Hi-C is a powerful technique for characterizing 3D chromatin structure; however, Hi-C can quickly become costly and labor-intensive, and proper planning is required to ensure efficient use of time and resources while maintaining experimental rigor and well-powered results.

Results
To facilitate better planning and interpretation of human Hi-C experiments, we conducted a detailed evaluation of statistical power using publicly available Hi-C datasets, paying particular attention to the impact of loop size on Hi-C contacts and fold change compression. In addition, we have developed Hi-C Poweraid, a publicly hosted web application to investigate these findings. For experiments involving well-replicated cell lines, we recommend a total sequencing depth of at least 6 billion contacts per condition, split between at least two replicates to achieve the power to detect differences in the majority of loops. For experiments with higher variation, more replicates and deeper sequencing depths are required. Values for specific cases can be determined by using Hi-C Poweraid. This tool simplifies Hi-C power calculations, allowing for more efficient use of time and resources and more accurate interpretation of experimental results.

Availability and implementation
Hi-C Poweraid is available as an R Shiny application deployed at http://phanstiel-lab.med.unc.edu/poweraid/, with code available at https://github.com/sarmapar/poweraid.
Phylogeography of two codistributed terrestrial snails in the Maputaland–Pondoland–Albany biodiversity hotspot, South Africa
Authors: Raphalo Evelyn M , Cole Mary L , Daniels Savel R 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
We investigated the evolutionary patterns of two forest-dwelling endemic terrestrial snails (Gittenedouardia spadicea and Maizania wahlbergi) in the Maputaland–Pondoland–Albany biodiversity hotspot in South Africa to examine the degree of phylogeographical congruence between the two species. Phylogenetic relationships and divergence time estimations within each species were inferred using the combined mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequence dataset for the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) and large subunit ribosomal RNA (16S rRNA). In addition, the rapidly evolving COI datasets were used to infer intraspecific genetic structure and population differentiation within both species. Phylogeographical concordance factor (PCF) analysis was used to statistically estimate the degree of congruence between the two species at localities where both species were sampled. Phylogenetically, G. spadicea exhibited two clades that diverged during the Plio/Pleistocene, while M. wahlbergi formed a single shallow clade that showed Pleistocene divergence. The haplotype networks for the COI locus demonstrated evidence of geographical and genetic isolation within both species. PCF analysis demonstrated partial phylogeographical concordance, suggesting that the two species may have been affected by similar ancient climatic events. Traits other than poor dispersal capabilities and limited gene flow may also influence how a species responds to fluctuating climate change.
Statistical structural inference from edge weights using a mixture of gamma distributions
Authors: Wang Jianjia , Hancock Edwin R 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The inference of reliable and meaningful connectivity information from weights representing the affinity between nodes in a graph is an outstanding problem in network science. Usually, this is achieved by simply thresholding the edge weights to distinguish true links from false ones and to obtain a sparse set of connections. Tools developed in statistical mechanics have provided particularly effective ways to locate the optimal threshold so as to preserve the statistical properties of the network structure. Thermodynamic analogies together with statistical mechanical ensembles have been proven to be useful in analysing edge-weighted networks. To extend this work, in this article, we use a statistical mechanical model to describe the probability distribution for edge weights. This models the distribution of edge weights using a mixture of Gamma distributions. Using a two-component Gamma mixture model with components describing the edge and non-edge weight distributions, we use the Expectation–Maximization algorithm to estimate the corresponding Gamma distribution parameters and mixing proportions. This gives the optimal threshold to convert weighted networks to sets of binary-valued connections. Numerical analysis shows that it provides a new way to describe the edge weight probability. Furthermore, using a physical analogy in which the weights are the energies of molecules in a solid, the probability density function for nodes is identical to the degree distribution resulting from a uniform weight on edges. This provides an alternative way to study the degree distribution with the nodal probability function in unweighted networks. We observe a phase transition in the low-temperature region, corresponding to a structural transition caused by applying the threshold. Experimental results on real-world weighted and unweighted networks reveal an improved performance for inferring binary edge connections from edge weights.
Spatial distribution and factors associated with health insurance subscription among women in Ghana
Authors: Aboagye Richard Gyan , Boateng Ebenezer N K , Okyere Yaw Marfo , Okyere Joshua , Dickson Kwamena Sekyi , Seidu Abdul-Aziz , Ahinkorah Bright Opoku 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background
This study examined the spatial distribution and factors associated with health insurance subscription among women in Ghana.

Methods
We analysed a representative sample of 9380 women aged 15–49 y from the 2014 Ghana Demographic and Health Survey. Descriptive and multilevel regression analyses were performed. The study also employed spatial analysis techniques, including spatial autocorrelation, hotspot analysis, cluster and outlier analysis, as well as geographically weighted regression to explore the geographic distribution and predictors of non-subscription to health insurance.

Results
The analysis revealed a moderately high prevalence of health insurance subscription among women in Ghana (62.4%). The spatial analyses indicated substantial variations in health insurance subscription across different regions in Ghana. The coastal and middle zones reported higher rates of non-subscription compared with the northern zone. We observed that young women (aged 20–24 y) had a lower likelihood of subscribing compared with adolescent girls (aged 15–19 y). Also, higher educational attainment, listening to the radio, being in a marital union and higher wealth status were positively associated with health insurance subscription.

Conclusions
The study calls for targeted interventions and policies to promote equitable access to healthcare services, focusing on improving health infrastructure in coastal and middle zones, educational campaigns for individuals with lower education levels, leveraging media platforms for health insurance awareness and implementing equitable and affordable processes for individuals in poorer households.