bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Engaging healthcare professionals and patient representatives in the development of a quality model for hospitals: a mixed-method study
Authors: Bogaert Kathleen , Regge Melissa De , Vermassen Frank , Eeckloo Kristof 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Top-down and externally imposed quality requirements can lead to improvement but do not seem as sustainable as intended. There is a need for a quality model that intrinsically motivates healthcare professionals to contribute to quality and safe care in hospitals. This study shows how a quality model that matches the identity and the quality vision of the organization was developed. A multimethod design with three phases was used in the development of the model at a large teaching hospital in Belgium. In the first phase, 14 focus groups and 19 interviews with staff members were conducted to obtain an overview of the quality and safety challenges, complemented by a plenary discussion with the members of the patient advisory council. In the second phase, the challenges that had been captured were further assessed using a hospital-wide survey for all hospital staff. Finally, a newly established quality review board (with internal and external stakeholders) critically evaluated the input of Phases 1 and 2 and defined the basic quality standards to be implemented in the hospital. A first evaluation 2 years after the implementation was conducted based on (i) patients’ perceptions of quality of care and patient safety by publicly available indicators collected in 2016, 2019, and 2022 and (ii) staff experiences and perceptions regarding the acceptability of the new model gathered through (grouped) interviews and an open questionnaire. The quality model consists of eight broad themes, including norms for the hospital staff (n = 27), sustained with quality systems (n = 8), and organizational support (n = 6), with aid from adequate management and leadership (n = 6). The themes were converted into 46 standards. These should be supported within a safe, efficient, and caring work environment. The new model was launched in the hospital in June 2021. The evaluation shows a significant difference in quality and safety on different dimensions as perceived by hospitalized patients. The perceived added value of the participatory model is a better fit with the needs of employees and the fact that the model can be adjusted to the specific context of the different hospital departments. The lack of hard indicators is seen as a challenge in monitoring quality and safety. The participation of various stakeholders inside and outside the organization in defining the quality challenges resulted in the creation of a participatory quality model for the hospital, which leads towards a better-supported quality policy in the hospital.
The effect of chronic, non-pathogenic maternal immune activation on offspring postnatal muscle and immune outcomes
Authors: Bryan Erin E , Bode Nick M , Chen Xuenan , Burris Elli S , Johnson Danielle C , Dilger Ryan N , Dilger Anna C 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe objective was to determine the effects of maternal inflammation on offspring muscle development and postnatal innate immune response. Sixteen first-parity gilts were randomly allotted to repeated intravenous injections with lipopolysaccharide (LPS; n = 8, treatment code INFLAM) or comparable volume of phosphate buffered saline (CON, n = 8). Injections took place every other day from gestational day (GD) 70 to GD 84 with an initial dose of 10 μg LPS/kg body weight (BW) increasing by 12% each time to prevent endotoxin tolerance. On GD 70, 76, and 84, blood was collected at 0 and 4 h postinjection via jugular or ear venipuncture to determine tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-1β concentrations. After farrowing, litter mortality was recorded, and the pig closest to litter BW average was used for dissection and muscle fiber characterization. On weaning (postnatal day [PND] 21), pigs were weighed individually and 2 barrows closest to litter BW average were selected for another study. The third barrow closest to litter BW average was selected for the postnatal LPS challenge. On PND 52, pigs were given 5 μg LPS/kg BW via intraperitoneal injection, and blood was collected at 0, 4, and 8 h postinjection to determine TNF-α concentration. INFLAM gilt TNF-α concentration increased (P &lt; 0.01) 4 h postinjection compared to 0 h postinjection, while CON gilt TNF-α concentration did not differ between time points. INFLAM gilt IL-6 and IL-1β concentrations increased (P = 0.03) 4 h postinjection compared to 0 h postinjection on GD 70, but did not differ between time points on GD 76 and 84. There were no differences between INFLAM and CON gilts litter mortality outcomes (P ≥ 0.13), but INFLAM pigs were smaller (P = 0.04) at birth and tended (P = 0.09) to be smaller at weaning. Muscle and organ weights did not differ (P ≥ 0.17) between treatments, with the exception of semitendinosus, which was smaller (P &lt; 0.01) in INFLAM pigs. INFLAM pigs tended (P = 0.06) to have larger type I fibers. INFLAM pig TNF-α concentration did not differ across time, while CON pig TNF-α concentration peaked (P = 0.01) 4 h postinjection. TNF-α concentration did not differ between treatments at 0 and 8 h postinjection, but CON pigs had increased (P = 0.01) TNF-α compared to INFLAM pigs 4 h postinjection. Overall, maternal immune activation did not alter pig muscle development, but resulted in suppressed innate immune activation.
Can Autonomous Weapon Systems be Seized? Interactions with the Law of Prize and War Booty
Authors: Walker-Munro Brendan 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The military has often been used as a proving ground for advances in technology. With the advent of machine learning, algorithms and artificial intelligence, there has been a slew of scholarship around the legal and ethical challenges of applying those technologies to the military. Nowhere has the debate been fiercer than in examining whether international law is resilient enough to impose individual and State responsibility for the misuse of these autonomous weapon systems (AWSs). However, by introducing increasing levels of electronic and digital components into weapon systems, States are also introducing opportunities for adversaries to hack, suborn or take over AWSs in a manner unthinkable compared to conventional weaponry. Yet, no academic discussion has considered how the law of prize and war booty might apply to AWSs that are captured in such a way. This article seeks to address this gap.
Plant pathogenic bacterium Ralstonia solanacearum can rapidly evolve tolerance to antimicrobials produced by Pseudomonas biocontrol bacteria
Authors: Clough Sophie E , Elphinstone John G , Friman Ville-Perti 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Soil-borne plant pathogens significantly threaten crop production due to lack of effective control methods. One alternative to traditional agrochemicals is microbial biocontrol, where pathogen growth is suppressed by naturally occurring bacteria that produce antimicrobial chemicals. However, it is still unclear if pathogenic bacteria can evolve tolerance to biocontrol antimicrobials and if this could constrain the long-term efficacy of biocontrol strategies. Here we used an in vitro experimental evolution approach to investigate if the phytopathogenic Ralstonia solanacearum bacterium, which causes bacterial wilt disease, can evolve tolerance to antimicrobials produced by Pseudomonas bacteria. We further asked if tolerance was specific to pairs of R. solanacearum and Pseudomonas strains and certain antimicrobial compounds produced by Pseudomonas. We found that while all R. solanacearum strains could initially be inhibited by Pseudomonas strains, this inhibition decreased following successive subculturing with or without Pseudomonas supernatants. Using separate tolerance assays, we show that the majority of R. solanacearum strains evolved increased tolerance to multiple Pseudomonas strains. Mechanistically, evolved tolerance was most likely linked to reduced susceptibility to orfamide lipopeptide antimicrobials secreted by Pseudomonas strains in our experimental conditions. Some levels of tolerance also evolved in the control treatments, which was likely correlated response due to adaptations to the culture media. Together, these results suggest that plant-pathogenic bacteria can rapidly evolve increased tolerance to bacterial antimicrobial compounds, which could reduce the long-term efficacy of microbial biocontrol.
Decentralized Finance (DeFi): A Functional Approach
Authors: Aquilina Matteo , Frost Jon , Schrimpf Andreas 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT
‘Decentralized finance’ (DeFi) refers to a range of applications in the crypto-asset space that seek to disintermediate the provision of financial services through reliance on self-executing computer code (‘smart contracts’). DeFi has so far been mainly self-referential in that it has largely facilitated the financing and trading of crypto-assets rather than providing intermediation services to support real economic activity. Yet this may change in the future, should asset tokenization or the use of DeFi applications by existing financial institutions lead to greater interconnections with traditional finance (TradFi). We argue that many of the functions that DeFi tries to mimic are similar to those in TradFi, and so are many of the risks that this intermediation entails. The same economic rationale that has guided financial regulation for decades can hence be applied to the crypto and DeFi world as well. Risks in DeFi are often exacerbated by the severity of market failures (externalities and information asymmetries). Having compared the functions performed in TradFi and DeFi, we show how regulation to protect consumers, maintain market integrity, and ensure financial stability applies to DeFi. Finally, we sketch a possible approach to the regulation of DeFi that takes into account its specificities and functions.
Independence and impartiality through the lens of incompatible activities, disqualification and challenge: the ICJ, ITLOS, and inter-State arbitration
Authors: Ivanova Elena 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT
The members of the international courts and tribunals are expected to be independent and impartial. Their constituent instruments normally contain rules which aim at ensuring the independence and impartiality of judges and arbitrators. Such rules typically include provisions addressing activities incompatible with the judicial office, bars to the participation of a judge or an arbitrator in a particular case, when doubts about his/her impartiality arise. They sometimes address but are oftentimes silent on withdrawal, recusal or challenge. This article explores what types of activities can be said to be incompatible with the exercise of judicial functions or to bar the participation of a judge or an arbitrator in a particular case so as to shape the contours of the notions of impartiality and independence. It examines the existing normative arrangements and the practice of inter-State courts and tribunals, including the procedures and practice on withdrawal, recusal, challenge and the standard applied or applicable in assessing whether the requirements for independence and impartiality of international adjudicators have been met.
A moral analysis of educational harm and student resistance
Authors: Parkin Nicholas 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This paper elucidates the rights violations caused by mass formal schooling systems and explores what students may do about them. Students have rights not to be harmed and rights to liberty (not to be oppressed), as well as attendant rights to (proportionately) defend their rights if necessary. For some time now, education has been dominated by mass formal schooling systems that harm and oppress many students. Such harm and oppression violate those students’ rights not to be harmed or oppressed, which may justify student nonviolent defensive (or rights-protecting) action.
Network pharmacology prediction and molecular docking-based strategy to explore the potential mechanism of Duhuo–Jisheng pair against osteoarthritis
Authors: Kou Haiyang , Ma Jianbing 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective
The Duhuo–Jisheng pair is the ruling herb in Duhuo Jisheng decoction, which is a classic formula first recorded in the preparedness and urgency of the thousand jewels.

Methods
We obtained the primary constituents of Duhuo–Jisheng and their associated protein targets from the TCMSP database. We constructed a composite target network using Cytoscape 3.9.1. To identify potential targets for the treatment of osteoarthritis (OA), we retrieved disease targets from OMIM and GeneCards databases and compared them with the composite targets. We imported the overlapping targets into the STRING database to construct a protein–protein interaction (PPI) network. We also conducted Gene ontology (GO) and KEGG enrichment analyses on the targets.

Results
The component target network consisted of numerous nodes and edges. Notably, quercetin, ammidin, and β-sitosterol were identified as the compounds with high degrees. The PPI network identified tumour necrosis factor (TNF), TP53, and NOS2 as proteins with high degrees. The results of GO and KEGG analyses revealed that the signalling pathways used by DHQJD to treat OA included the NF-κB, PI3K-AKT, and TNF pathways.

Conclusion
Our study provides insights into the effective components and potential molecular mechanisms of Duhuo–Jisheng in treating OA, thus serving as a reference for further basic research in this field.
Heat stress and sexual reproduction in maize: unveiling the most pivotal factors and the greatest opportunities
Authors: Lv Xuanlong , Yao Qian , Mao Fen , Liu Mayang , Wang Yudong , Wang Xin , Gao Yingbo , Wang Yuanyuan , Liao Shuhua , Wang Pu , Huang Shoubing 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The escalation in the intensity, frequency, and duration of high-temperature (HT) stress is currently unparalleled, which aggravates the challenges for crop production. Yet, the stage-dependent responses of reproductive organs to HT stress at the morphological, physiological, and molecular levels remain inadequately explored in pivotal staple crops. This review synthesized current knowledge regarding the mechanisms by which HT stress induces abnormalities and aberrations in reproductive growth and development, as well as by which it alters the morphology and function of florets, flowering patterns, and the processes of pollination and fertilization in maize (Zea mays L.). We identified the stage-specific sensitivities to HT stress and accurately defined the sensitive period from a time scale of days to hours. The microspore tetrad phase of pollen development and anthesis (especially shortly after pollination) are most sensitive to HT stress, and even brief temperature spikes during these stages can lead to significant kernel loss. The impetuses behind the heat-induced impairments in seed set are closely related to carbon, reactive oxygen species, phytohormone signals, ion (e.g. Ca2+) homeostasis, plasma membrane structure and function, and others. Recent advances in understanding the genetic mechanisms underlying HT stress responses during maize sexual reproduction have been systematically summarized.
Cyclometalated ruthenium complexes overcome cisplatin resistance through PI3K/mTOR/Nrf2 signaling pathway
Authors: Chen Lanmei , Yu Wenzhu , Tang Hong , Zhang Shenting , Wang Jie , Ouyang Qianqian , Guo Miao , Zhu Xufeng , Huang Zunnan , Chen Jincan 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Currently, cisplatin resistance remains a primary clinical obstacle in the successful treatment of non-small cell lung cancer. Here, we designed, synthesized, and characterized two novel cyclometalated Ru(II) complexes, [Ru(bpy)2(1-Ph-7-OCH3-IQ)] (PF6) (bpy = 2,2ʹ-bipyridine, IQ = isoquinoline, RuIQ7)and [Ru(bpy)2(1-Ph-6,7-(OCH3)2-IQ)] (PF6) (RuIQ8). As experimental controls, we prepared complex [Ru(bpy)2(1-Ph-IQ)](PF6) (RuIQ6) lacking a methoxy group in the main ligand. Significantly, complexes RuIQ6-8 displayed higher in vitro cytotoxicity when compared to ligands, precursor cis-[Ru(bpy)2Cl2], and clinical cisplatin. Mechanistic investigations revealed that RuIQ6-8 could inhibit cell proliferation by downregulating the phosphorylation levels of Akt and mTOR proteins, consequently affecting the rapid growth of human lung adenocarcinoma cisplatin-resistant cells A549/DDP. Moreover, the results from qRT-PCR demonstrated that these complexes could directly suppress the transcription of the NF-E2-related factor 2 gene, leading to the inhibition of downstream multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 expression and effectively overcoming cisplatin resistance. Furthermore, the relationship between the chemical structures of these three complexes and their anticancer activity, ability to induce cell apoptosis, and their efficacy in overcoming cisplatin resistance has been thoroughly examined and discussed. Notably, the toxicity test conducted on zebrafish embryos indicated that the three Ru-IQ complexes displayed favorable safety profiles. Consequently, the potential of these developed compounds as innovative therapeutic agents for the efficient and low-toxic treatment of NSCLC appears highly promising.
Transcription factors WOX11 and LBD16 function with histone demethylase JMJ706 to control crown root development in rice
Authors: Geng Leping , Tan Mingfang , Deng Qiyu , Wang Yijie , Zhang Ting , Hu Xiaosong , Ye Miaomiao , Lian Xingming , Zhou Dao-Xiu , Zhao Yu 
Published: January 2024

AbstractCrown roots are the main components of root systems in cereals. Elucidating the mechanisms of crown root formation is instrumental for improving nutrient absorption, stress tolerance, and yield in cereal crops. Several members of the WUSCHEL-related homeobox (WOX) and lateral organ boundaries domain (LBD) transcription factor families play essential roles in controlling crown root development in rice (Oryza sativa). However, the functional relationships among these transcription factors in regulating genes involved in crown root development remain unclear. Here, we identified LBD16 as an additional regulator of rice crown root development. We showed that LBD16 is a direct downstream target of WOX11, a key crown root development regulator in rice. Our results indicated that WOX11 enhances LBD16 transcription by binding to its promoter and recruiting its interaction partner JMJ706, a demethylase that removes histone H3 lysine 9 dimethylation (H3K9me2) from the LBD16 locus. In addition, we established that LBD16 interacts with WOX11, thereby impairing JMJ706–WOX11 complex formation and repressing its own transcriptional activity. Together, our results reveal a feedback system regulating genes that orchestrate crown root development in rice, in which LBD16 acts as a molecular rheostat.
University–industry linkages in China from the agency perspective of university engagement: a systematic literature review
Authors: Liu Yang , Fu Wenying , Schiller Daniel 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
China’s specific developmental context defines the need to understand its state logic of knowledge transfer, particularly from the agency perspective of universities. This paper proposes the new term ‘university engagement with industry’ (UEI) to highlight the active role of universities in university–industry linkages. A structural method is adopted to collect relevant literature and to provide a systematic and critical review of China’s UEI. This paper makes four key contributions: (1) it illustrates a structural approach to collect literature via precise and transparent identification for a targeted topic from an interdisciplinary research field; (2) it systematically presents the China-specific external institutional environment and internal governance of universities for knowledge transfer and captures influential factors for university’s embeddedness in multiscalar innovation systems; (3) it identifies China-specific UEI in comparison to Western findings; and (4) it suggests a research agenda on China’s UEI for future studies.
Biogeography of theropod dinosaurs during the Late Cretaceous: evidence from central South America
Authors: Delcourt Rafael , Brilhante Natan S , Pires-Domingues Ricardo A , Hendrickx Christophe , Grillo Orlando N , Augusta Bruno G , Maciel Bárbara S , Ghilardi Aline M , Ricardi-Branco Fresia 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
In central South America, theropod remains are relatively scarce in comparison to the southern part of the continent, with shed teeth being the primary fossils found in this region. We examined 179 isolated teeth from the Bauru Basin, Brazil, using linear discriminant analysis (LDA; N = 178) and phylogenetic analysis (N = 174). The LDA used eight measurements, and the phylogenetic analysis used seven morphotypes. Although the results of the LDA suggest the presence of various South American theropod clades, such as Carcharodontosauridae, Noasauridae, and Spinosauridae, the phylogenetic analysis using a constrained dentition-based matrix classified the morphotypes as Abelisauridae (morphotypes I–IV, VI, and VII) and Therizinosauria (morphotype V). Given the considerable number of homoplastic characters and missing data, the phylogenetic analyses could not precisely determine the taxonomy of morphotypes V, VI, and VII in the unconstrained dataset. Morphological comparisons, nevertheless, strongly suggest that all morphotypes should be classified as abelisaurid theropods. We propose that the palaeogeographical distribution of Abelisauridae in South America was influenced by climatic conditions. These apex carnivores are likely to have adapted well to increased climate changes that led to semi-arid conditions. Our research sheds light on the evolutionary and ecological aspects of theropod dinosaurs in this region, contributing to a better understanding of the ancient ecosystems of central South America.
Development, Psychometric Testing, and Reference Values of the Infant Eating Assessment Tool (InfantEAT)
Authors: Pados Britt F. , Hill Rebecca R. 
Published: January 2024

Background:Problematic feeding is common in infancy, particularly in infants with a history of premature birth or medical complexity. A concise, valid, and reliable measure of feeding that can be used across feeding methods is needed for clinical practice and research.Purpose:The purpose of this study was to create an assessment tool to evaluate symptoms of problematic feeding in infants that can be used across all feeding methods (breastfeeding, bottle-feeding, and mixed feeding), then test its psychometric properties and establish reference values.Methods:Item response theory (IRT) was used to identify the most important items on the Neonatal Eating Assessment Tool (NeoEAT) related to symptoms of problematic feeding in infants (N = 1054) to create the Infant Eating Assessment Tool (InfantEAT). Reliability of the InfantEAT was tested using Cronbach's α and interitem correlations. Reference values of the InfantEAT were determined from a sample of healthy, full-term infants (n = 561). Percent agreement in identifying problematic feeding between the NeoEAT and the InfantEAT was calculated.Results:The InfantEAT is comprised of 31 items in 9 subscales. The InfantEAT has evidence of acceptable reliability (α = 0.88). There was 74% agreement between the NeoEAT and the InfantEAT, with the InfantEAT being more sensitive to identifying problematic feeding. References values are presented for infants 0 to 2, 2 to 4, 4 to 6, and 6 to 7 months.Implications Practice and Research:The InfantEAT is a reliable and sensitive tool to evaluate symptoms of problematic feeding across feeding methods for infants younger than 7 months in both practice and research.