bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pelvic exenterations combined with cytoreductions for T4 rectal cancers with peritoneal metastasis: a safety analysis
Authors: Kazi Mufaddal , Raghavan Sriniket , Desouza Ashwin , Saklani Avanish 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundPelvic exenterations and cytoreduction are individually morbid procedures with oncological validity. The combination of these simultaneously in patients with rectal cancers has not been evaluated. The present study aimed to assess the surgical and survival outcomes of the combined procedure.MethodsRetrospective, single‐centre analysis of consecutive patients that underwent pelvic exenterations and cytoreductions for advanced or recurrent rectal cancers with peritoneal metastasis between 2013 and 2022. The primary outcome measure for safety was major complications (≥Grade IIIA). The threshold for considering the procedure unsafe was set at 50% for the upper confidence limit of major morbidity. Overall and recurrence‐free survival were also assessed.ResultsThirty‐nine patients underwent the combined procedure that included 24 total pelvic and 15 posterior pelvic exenterations. The median age of the cohort was 35 years, 18 (46.2%) had signet ring cell cancers, and eight patients (21%) had extraperitoneal disease as well. The median PCI was 4 and CC‐0 was achieved in 38 patients (97.4%). Hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy was delivered in 15 patients, and four had placement of an intraperitoneal chemo port. Major complications were experienced by 7 patients (18%; 95% confidence interval: 7.5%–33.5%). Median recurrence‐free and overall survivals were 9 and 17 months, respectively.ConclusionCombined pelvic exenterations and cytoreductions are safe operations in terms of morbidity. Survival, however, remains poor for this group of patients despite aggressive surgery.
Longitudinal changes in renal function in patients with chronic hepatitis B on antiviral treatment
Authors: Hong Hyeyeon , Cho Minjoo , Lim Chaeyeon , Choi Won‐Mook , Lee Danbi , Shim Ju Hyun , Kim Kang Mo , Lim Young‐Suk , Lee Han Chu , Choi Jonggi 
Published: November 2023

SummaryBackgroundPatients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) on nucleos(t)ide analogues (NUCs) often experience renal function decline. Conflicting results regarding the impact of NUC use and renal function have recently been reported.AimTo examine longitudinal changes in renal function according to the NUC treatment type compared with untreated patientsMethodsFrom 2014 to 2022, we retrospectively analysed 10,642 patients with CHB. The primary outcome was chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression, which was defined as a minimum one‐stage elevation. We applied propensity score (PS) matching for outcome comparisons.ResultsIn the PS‐matched cohort of 1996 pairs, the NUC‐treated group (7.6/100 person‐years [PYs]) had a significantly higher CKD progression risk than the untreated group (4.4/100 PYs), with a hazard ratio (HR) of 1.70 (p < 0.001). The tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF)‐treated group (7.9/100 PYs) showed a 1.76‐fold increased CKD progression risk compared with the untreated group (4.5/100 PYs) in the PS‐matched cohort (p < 0.001). Both the entecavir‐ and tenofovir alafenamide (TAF)‐treated groups showed CKD progression risks comparable to those of the untreated group in the PS‐matched cohorts of 755 and 426 pairs, respectively (p = 0.132 and p = 0.120, respectively). No significant CKD progression risk was found between the entecavir‐ (6.0/100 PYs) and TAF‐treated (5.2/100 PYs) groups in the PS‐matched cohort of 510 pairs (p = 0.118).ConclusionsNUC‐treated patients, especially those on TDF, faced a higher CKD progression risk than untreated patients. Entecavir‐ and TAF‐treated patients had comparable CKD progression risks to untreated patients. No difference was observed between entecavir and TAF in the risk of CKD progression.
Opioid‐related deaths and their counterpart by occurrence era, age group and coimplicated drugs: Scotland vs. England and Wales
Authors: Bird Sheila Macdonald 
Published: November 2023

AimsCompare by occurrence era and age group how opioid‐related deaths (ORDs) and their counterpart evolved in Scotland vs. England and Wales during 2006–2020. For Scotland, compare coimplication rates between ORDs and non‐ORDs for any benzodiazepine, cocaine or gabapentin/pregabalin, and consider whether coimplication in ORDs depended on opioid‐specificity.MethodsCross‐tabulations of drug misuse deaths (DMDs) obtained by 3 yearly occurrence era (2006–2008 to 2018–2020) and age group (under 25, 25–34, 35–44, 45–54, 55+ years) for England and Wales and subdivided by whether at least 1 opiate was mentioned on death certificate (DMD‐Os or not); and of Scotland's opioid‐related deaths (ORDs vs. non‐ORDs) together with (i) coimplication by any benzodiazepine, cocaine or gabapentin/pregabalin; and (ii) opioid‐specificity of ORDs. ORD is defined by heroin/morphine, methadone or buprenorphine being implicated in DMD.ResultsPer era between 2012–2014 and 2018–2020, Scotland's ORDs increased by 54% and non‐ORDs by 34%. Increase in DMD‐Os in England and Wales was more modest. Cocaine was implicated in 83% of Scotland's 2690 non‐ORDs during 2006–2020; and any benzodiazepine in 53% of 8409 ORDs. However, in 2018–2020, coimplication rates in 2926 ORDs (880 non‐ORDs) were 81% (33%) for any benzodiazepine, 30% (74%) for cocaine and 38% (22%) for gabapentin/pregabalin. Coimplication rate in 2018–2020 for any benzodiazepine was lowest at 70% (616/877) for heroin/morphine ORDs; and, by age group, at 66% (160/241) for ORDs aged 55+ years.ConclusionsDrug testing to inform users, shared intelligence between police and public health for earlier detection of changes in supply and monitoring of prescribed daily‐dose of methadone are urgent.
Real‐world outcomes following third or subsequent lines of therapy: A Danish population‐based study on 189 patients with relapsed/refractory large B‐cell lymphomas
Authors: AL‐Mashhadi Ahmed Ludvigsen , Jakobsen Lasse Hjort , Brown Peter , Gang Anne Ortved , Thorsteinsson Anne‐Luise , Rasoul Kaziwa , Haissman Judith Melchior , Tøstesen Michael Buch , Christoffersen Mette Niemann , Jelicic Jelena , Jørgensen Jennifer Bøgh , Thomsen Troels , Dessau‐Arp Andriette , Andersen Andreas P. H. , Frederiksen Mikael , Pedersen Per Trøllund , Clausen Michael Roost , Jørgensen Judit Meszaros , Poulsen Christian Bjørn , El‐Galaly Tarec Christoffer , Larsen Thomas Stauffer 
Published: November 2023

SummaryOutcome data of patients with relapsed/refractory (R/R) diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) beyond the second line are scarce outside of clinical trials. Novel therapies in the R/R setting have been approved based on single‐arm trials, but results need to be contextualized by real‐world outcomes. Medical records from 3753 Danish adults diagnosed with DLBCL were reviewed. Patients previously treated with rituximab and anthracycline‐based chemotherapy who received the third or later line (3 L+) of treatment after 1 January 2015, were included. Only 189 patients with a median age of 71 years were eligible. The median time since the last line of therapy was 6 months. Patients were treated with either best supportive care (22%), platinum‐based salvage therapy (13%), low‐intensity chemotherapy (22%), in clinical trial (14%) or various combination treatments (32%). The 2‐year OS‐/PFS estimates were 25% and 12% for all patients and 49% and 17% for those treated with platinum‐based salvage therapy. Age ≥70, CNS involvement, elevated LDH and ECOG ≥2 predicted poor outcomes, and patients with 0–1 of these risk factors had a 2‐year OS estimate of 65%. Only a very small fraction of DLBCL patients received third‐line treatment and were eligible for inclusion. Outcomes were generally poor, but better in intensively treated, fit young patients with limited disease.
Gemcitabine/nab‐paclitaxel vs gemcitabine/carboplatin for advanced urothelial carcinoma
Authors: An Xin , Xue Cong , Chen Meiting , Ni Mengqian , Ma Huali , Tian Li , Huang Riqing , Li Xiangdong , Ye Yunlin , Qin Tao , Dong Pei , Li Zhiyong , Peng Jing , Yao Kai , Zhou Fangjian , Liu Zhuowei , Shi Yanxia 
Published: November 2023

ObjectiveTo compare in a phase III trial the efficacy and safety of nanoparticle albumin‐bound (nab)‐paclitaxel plus gemcitabine (GA) with that of carboplatin plus gemcitabine (GCb) as a first‐line treatment for patients with cisplatin‐ineligible metastatic urothelial cancer (mUC).Patients and MethodsTreatment‐naive, cisplatin‐ineligible patients with mUC were assigned randomly to either the GA (both nab‐paclitaxel 125 mg/m2 and gemcitabine 1000 mg/m2 on Days 1 and 8, every 21 days) or GCb group (carboplatin area under the free carboplatin plasma concentration versus time curve of 4.5 on Day 1, gemcitabine 1000 mg/m2 on Days 1 and 8, every 21 days). The primary endpoint was progression‐free survival (PFS). Secondary endpoints included objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), overall survival (OS), safety, and patient‐reported outcomes (PROs).ResultsThe trial was terminated early because of slow accrual after 54 patients were enrolled: 26 in in the GA group and 28 in the GCb groups. The median PFS was 6.7 vs 5.9 months for the GA and GCb groups, respectively (P = 0.248). The median OS time was 12.1 vs 10.7 months for the GA and GCb groups, respectively (P = 0.837). The ORR and DCR were 40% vs 46.4% (P = 0.637) and 72% vs 68% (P = 0.188) in the GA and GCb groups, respectively. Patients treated with GA showed significantly lower incidence of Grade 3–4 thrombocytopenia and does reduction and delay. Although peripheral sensory neuropathy was higher in the GA arm, no Grade 3 neuropathy occurred. There was no difference in the PROs between the two groups.ConclusionWhile not powered for comparison, first‐line GA showed similar efficacy and better tolerability and might be considered a rational alternative to GCb.
‘We became their beginning, their middle and their end’
Authors: Murphy Michelle , Martin Anne‐Marie 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundCommunicating with people with severe/profound intellectual disabilities is essential for person‐centred, rights‐based support. Despite a proliferation of research around COVID‐19, there is a dearth of evidence exploring its impact on communication with people with severe/profound intellectual disabilities. This study aimed to explore disability support staff experiences of communicating with people with severe/profound intellectual disabilities through the COVID‐19 pandemic.MethodsA qualitative descriptive study was undertaken. A purposive sample of six disability support staff who supported people with severe/profound intellectual disabilities through the pandemic in four Irish residential services participated in online, semistructured interviews. Data were analysed thematically.FindingsSix themes were generated including unwavering commitment; running on empty; being a safe haven; empathic understanding; heightened sensitivity and new insights. Participants discussed the impact of COVID‐19 on communicating with people they support, the contextual challenges, how these were managed/overcome and new learning that emerged. Although communication challenges did present because of COVID‐19 restrictions, communication remained a priority.ConclusionsDespite the challenges experienced by disability support workers, their unwavering commitment to ensuring the well‐being of people with severe/profound intellectual disabilities was identified. This was a small‐scale qualitative study but highlights areas warranting further research and makes recommendations for practice and service planning.
Lymph node imaging for thyroid cancer
Authors: Holoubek Simon A. , Sippel Rebecca S. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractCervical lymph nodes (LNs) in the central (level VI) and lateral (levels II–V) compartments of the neck are the most common sites of locoregional metastases associated with thyroid cancer. Prophylactic nodal dissections are uncommon in modern thyroid surgery and are not routinely performed due to concern for increased morbidity and do not offer improved survival. Therefore, a selective approach for LN dissections is increasingly important. Preoperatively, this is most frequently assessed with cervical ultrasound (US). Contrast‐enhanced computed tomography (CT) of the neck can also be used for preoperative assessment. Both US and CT imaging can be used to characterise LNs in levels II–VI and their risk of malignancy based on size, morphology, and growth. US‐guided fine‐needle aspiration of equivocal LN with thyroglobulin (Tg) washout can also determine if a LN harbours malignancy. For postoperative surveillance after total thyroidectomy, both US and CT continue to play an important role at 6–12 months intervals. These patients may also benefit from additional biochemical data such as Tg levels in addition to LN and thyroid bed imaging. Thyroid uptake scans may also play a role in LN surveillance postoperatively for well‐differentiated thyroid carcinoma in certain clinical contexts. Less commonly, positron emitted tomography may play a role, but is typically reserved for patients with aggressive or radioactive iodine refractory disease.
Identifying and Visualizing Terrestrial Magnetospheric Topology using Geodesic Level Set Method
Authors: Xiong Peikun , Fujita Shigeru , Watanabe Masakazu , Tanaka Takashi , Cai Dongsheng 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis study introduces a novel numerical method for identifying and visualizing the terrestrial magnetic field topology in a large‐scale three‐dimensional global MHD (Magneto‐Hydro‐Dynamic) simulation. The (un)stable two‐dimensional manifolds are generated from critical points (CPs) located north and south of the magnetosphere using an improved geodesic level set method. A boundary value problem is solved numerically using a shooting method to forward a new geodesic level set from the previous set. These sets are generated starting from a small circle whose centre is a CP. The level sets are the sets of mesh points that form the magnetic manifold, which determines the magnetic field topology. In this study, a consistent method is proposed to determine the magnetospheric topology. Using this scheme, we successfully visualize a terrestrial magnetospheric field topology and identify its two neutral lines using the global MHD simulation. Our results present a terrestrial topology that agrees well with the recent magnetospheric physics and can help us understand various nonlinear magnetospheric dynamics and phenomena. Our visualization enables us to fill the gaps between current magnetospheric physics that can be observed via satellites and nonlinear dynamics, particularly, the bifurcation theory, in the future.
Chronic acetamiprid exposure moderately affects the foraging behaviour of buff‐tailed bumblebees (Bombus terrestris)
Authors: Tóth Zoltán , Kovács Zsófia 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBumblebees are important pollinators in both natural and agricultural ecosystems, but their survival and pollination service are threatened by extensive pesticide use. Due to regulation changes, acetamiprid has become the only neonicotinoid substance that can be used without restrictions and in open‐field cultivations in the European Union. Yet, we know little about how this active ingredient affects bumblebees' foraging behaviour and if such effects are similarly detrimental to those of other neonicotinoids. Here we investigated how a 14‐day‐long (chronic) exposure to low (5 ppb) and high (2500 ppb) concentrations of acetamiprid in syrup affected different aspects of foraging behaviour in buff‐tailed bumblebees (Bombus terrestris, Linnaeus). We recorded individual foraging at artificial food patches during one‐hour‐long trials and then compared several foraging‐related measures between differently dosed individuals. We found that 75.12% of the total syrup consumption occurred at the first‐exploited patch, but individuals did not exhibit any bias toward pesticide‐treated food patches. Chronic exposure to acetamiprid had little effect on individual foraging decisions at the first‐exploited food patch but significantly affected the time to the first feeding and the number of feedings at the second‐exploited patch in interaction with body mass. The duration of the first feeding was affected only by foragers' body mass. Our finding indicates that chronic exposure to a high but field‐realistic concentration of acetamiprid may alter some aspects of bumblebees' foraging behaviour. If such behavioural changes accumulate during consecutive foraging bouts, chronic exposure to this pesticide might lead to a reduction of daily resource collection, ultimately jeopardising colony fitness or plant (crop) pollination.
Development of IL‐17A inhibitor‐induced atopic dermatitis‐like rash in psoriasis patients: Insights into immune shift
Authors: Li Qiuju , Li Xiuying , Li Wenyu , Fan Runge , Ma Qing , Luo Xiaomei , Jian Huahui , Chen Xiaozhi , Cao Cunwei , Zheng Wenjun 
Published: November 2023

AbstractCases of atopic dermatitis (AD)‐like rash induced by IL‐17A inhibitor secukinumab treatment (SI‐AD) have been recently reported in psoriasis patients. To identify immune and inflammatory factors expression in SI‐AD. A panel of 15 immune and inflammatory factors in peripheral blood samples from various groups, including patients with patients with SI‐AD, psoriasis with secukinumab (S‐stable), advanced psoriasis patients (Advanced) and healthy controls (HC). Interleukin‐10 (IL‐10), IL‐4 and IL‐17A were detected in skin tissue biopsy samples by immunohistochemistry and real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The immunoglobulin E levels in the SI‐AD patients exceeded normal values. The IL‐10 levels in SI‐AD patients were higher than those in S‐stable patients, advanced patients and HC. The IL‐4 levels in SI‐AD patients were higher than that in S‐stable patients and HC. The IL‐17A levels in SI‐AD patients were higher than those in advanced psoriasis patients and HC, but no significant differences were observed between SI‐AD patients and S‐stable patients. IL‐10 and IL‐4 levels were higher in AD‐like rashes than in healthy skin, while IL‐17A did not differ significantly between the two. Upon discontinuing secukinumab, and switching to oral cyclosporine, antihistamines, Janus kinase 1 inhibitor and topical glucocorticoids, SI‐AD patients experienced significant improvement in their skin lesions. Upon reexamination, all 15 immune and inflammatory factors returned to normal levels. Immune shift from Th17 towards Th2 may occur in SI‐AD, as indicated by abnormal expression of multiple immune and inflammatory factors observed in peripheral blood and skin tissues.
Comparing approaches to determining poor oral health among older adults in a national survey
Authors: Horncastle Alice J. , Gauld Taylor D. , Smith Moira B. , Thomson W. Murray 
Published: November 2023

ObjectivesTo compare the clinical validity of the three approaches in residential care facility residents.BackgroundIn NZ residential care facilities, the interRAI assessment tool is used by trained registered nurses for assessing oral status when new residents are admitted, but its validity has been questioned. Although Locker's global oral health item has been used to measure oral health in surveys and health services research, it is not routinely used in care facilities, yet its clinical validity has been demonstrated in population‐based samples. Self‐perceived oral health need may also be useful.Materials and methodsUsing a secondary analysis of clinical and self‐reported data from a national survey of nursing home residents (the 2012 New Zealand Older People's Oral Health Survey, or OPOHS), we compared the validity of Locker's item, the interRAI tool and self‐reported treatment need for identifying three key clinical indicators of poor oral health among dentate older adults; those were coronal caries (3+ teeth affected), root caries (1+ teeth affected) and xerostomia. Analyses were conducted using STATA, and survey weighting was used to obtain estimates for a source population of 25‐843 individuals.ResultsThe prevalence of 3+ teeth with coronal caries was 28.7% (23.9, 34.0), the prevalence of 1+ teeth with root caries was 33.7% (28.7, 39.0), the prevalence of xerostomia was 23.1% (18.4, 28.3). Marked gradients in prevalence risk ratio were seen across different categories of Locker's global oral health item and the interRAI assessment tooth for coronal caries and xerostomia. Locker's global oral health item gave a better fitting model and was more discriminative in detecting coronal caries than the interRAI assessment tool (Lockers AIC = 0.76, interRAI AIC = 0.81). None of the approaches was particularly discriminative for root surface caries experience.ConclusionSelf‐reported approaches are discriminative for poor oral health. Standardised assessment tools used in residential care facilities should consider including a self‐assessment component such as Locker's global oral health item.
Exploring the role of interviewee cognitive capacities on impression management in face‐to‐face and virtual interviews
Authors: Moon Benjamin , Law Stephanie J. , Bourdage Joshua S. , Roulin Nicolas , Melchers Klaus G. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractInterviewees' use of impression management (IM) in job interviews is clearly related to individual differences such as personality. However, research has paid less attention to how interviewee cognitive capacities (i.e., cognitive ability and executive functions) influence IM use, even though interviewees’ cognitive capacities and IM are theoretically linked. The current research aimed to address this research gap through two studies. In Study 1, 166 undergraduate business students participated in mock face‐to‐face interviews with real recruiters. In Study 2, 294 job‐seeking participants recruited through Prolific completed a mock asynchronous video interview. Overall, cognitive ability was negatively related to deceptive IM while perceived incongruency (i.e., a gap between desired and perceived current impressions conveyed to others) was positively related to deceptive IM in both studies. Furthermore, cognitive ability and working memory updating, but not inhibition and shifting nor incongruency, were negatively related to honest IM in Study 2. Additionally, in both studies the relations between personality traits and interview IM were generally in line with findings from prior research. Overall, our findings provide a more comprehensive understanding of how interview IM relates to interviewee individual differences and interview performance in different forms of job interviews.