bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Soluble immune checkpoints are elevated in patients with primary biliary cholangitis
Authors: Gao Xiuzhu , Wang Xiaomei , Guan Yazhe , Wang Liquan , Gao Yanhang , Niu Junqi 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is a chronically progressive liver disease mediated by an autoimmune response. The aetiology and pathogenesis of PBC are not fully understood and may be related to immune disorders caused by genetic factors and their interaction with environmental factors. Immune checkpoints play an important role in preventing the occurrence of autoimmunity. However, the level of immune checkpoints in PBC has not been reported. Here, we aimed to identify the serum levels of soluble checkpoints in patients with PBC.

Methods
Soluble checkpoint levels were evaluated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 60 patients with PBC and 20 healthy controls (HCs). The expression of immune checkpoints was compared in liver biopsy tissue samples using immunohistochemistry. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and area under the curve (AUCs) were used to determine the diagnostic performance of soluble checkpoints and laboratory indexes between patients with PBC and HCs and patients with mild and advanced PBC. A logistic regression was performed for advanced PBC.

Results
sCD134, sLAG-3, sPD-1, sPD-L1, and sTIM-3 levels were significantly increased in patients with PBC compared with those in healthy controls. Additionally, the levels of sCD134, sPD-1, sPD-L1, and sTIM-3 were positively associated with disease progression. Moreover, soluble checkpoints were correlated with immunoglobulin and liver functions. ROC analyses between patients with PBC and HCs showed that the AUCs of sOX40, sPD-1, and sPD-L1 were 0.967, 0.922, and 0.971, respectively. The optimal cut-off values of sOX40, sPD-1, and sPD-L1 for PBC diagnosis were 89.15, 213.4, and 68, respectively. ROC analyses between mild and advanced patients with PBC revealed that the AUCs of sOX40 and sTIM-3 were 0.767 and 0.765, respectively. The optimal cut-off values for predicting PBC stage ≥ III were 199.45 and 361.5, respectively. In univariate analysis, age, ALB, and sOX40 were associated with advanced PBC. Further, the expression of CD134 and TIM-3 was upregulated in the liver of patients with PBC.

Conclusions
Our study results indicate that the serum titer of soluble checkpoints is increased in Chinese patients with PBC.
Comparison between the brief seven-item and full eating disorder examination-questionnaire (EDE-Q) in clinical and non-clinical female Norwegian samples
Authors: Bang Lasse , Nordmo Morten , Nordmo Magnus , Vrabel Karianne , Danielsen Marit , Rø Øyvind 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
The Eating Disorder Examination-Questionnaire (EDE-Q) is among the most widely used self-report measures of eating disorder (ED) psychopathology. There is a need for brief versions of the EDE-Q that can be used for general assessment and screening purposes. A three-factor 7-item version (EDE-Q7) seems particularly promising but there is a need for more well-powered studies to establish the psychometric properties in both patient and community samples. Moreover, comparing the EDE-Q7 with the full EDE-Q would be beneficial in determining its utility. In the present study, we provide a psychometric comparison between the brief EDE-Q7 and the full EDE-Q in a large sample of both patients and community comparisons.

Methods
We pooled available datasets collected in Norway to amass a large female sample comprising both patients (n = 1954, Mage = 28 years) and community comparisons (n = 2430, Mage = 31 years). We investigated the psychometric properties of both versions, including their internal consistency, factor structure, and ability to discriminate between patients and community comparisons.

Results
The EDE-Q7 showed similar distributions of scores compared to the full EDE-Q but produced higher scores. Results indicated that the EDE-Q7 have acceptable internal consistency and is adequately able to discriminate between clinical and non-clinical samples. A cut-off threshold of 3.64 was optimal in discriminating between patients and comparisons. We also found support for the three-factor solution for the EDE-Q7, indicating good structural validity. In contrast, we did not find support for the originally proposed four-factor solution of the full EDE-Q.

Conclusions
We find that the brief EDE-Q7 performs close to the full EDE-Q in several respects. Our findings indicate that the brief EDE-Q7 may be a viable alternative to the full EDE-Q in situations where response burden is an issue (e.g., epidemiological studies). However, the EDE-Q7 may hold limited value over the full EDE-Q in clinical settings, due to the small number of items and lack of assessment of behavioral features.
Validation of PREDICT Version 2.2 in a Retrospective Cohort of Indian Women With Operable Breast Cancer
Authors: Nair Nita S. , Kothari Bhavika , Gupta Sudeep , Kanann Sadhana , Vanmali Vaibhav , Hawaldar Rohini , Tondare Ashutosh , Siddique Shabina , Parmar Vani , Joshi Shalaka , Badwe RA 
Published: November 2023

PURPOSEOnline prediction models that use known prognostic factors in breast cancer (BC) are routinely used to assist in decisions for adjuvant therapy. PREDICT Version 2.2 (P2.2) is one such online tool, which uses tumor size, lymph node involvement, grade, age, hormone receptor status, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) status, and Ki67. We performed an external validation in a retrospective cohort of patients treated at a tertiary center in India.METHODSWomen with operable BC between 2008 and 2016 with nonmetastatic, T1-T2 invasive, and HER2 receptor–negative BC and with available 5-year overall survival (OS) data were selected. Median predicted 5-year OS rates were used to calculate predicted events for the whole cohort and subgroups. The chi-square test was used to evaluate the goodness of fit of the tool.RESULTSOf 11,760 cases registered between 2008 and 2016, 2,783 (23.66%) eligible patients with a median age of 50 (26-70) years and a median pT size of 2.5 (0.1-5) cm, 2,037 (73.19%) with grade 3 tumors, 1,172 (42.11%) with node-positive disease, 817 (29.35%) with triple-negative breast cancer, and 1,966 (70.64%) with HR-positive BC were included in the analysis. The observed 5-year OS and predicted 5-year OS in the whole cohort were 94.8% and 90.00%, respectively, with an absolute difference of 4.8% (95% CI, 3.417 to 6.198, P < .001). The observed 5-year OS and predicted 5-year OS were also different in various subgroups.CONCLUSIONPREDICT version 2.2 overestimated the number of deaths, with lower predicted 5-year OS compared with the observed value, in this retrospective Indian cohort. The reasons for this discrepancy could be differing biologic characteristics and possible selection bias in our cohort. We recommend a prospective validation of PREDICT in Indian patients and advocate caution in its use until such validation is achieved.
Biden Hears a WHO
Authors: Thompson Charis 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The World Health Organization (WHO), the body charged with implementing global pandemic response, figured heavily in the Republican and Democratic campaigns of the 2020 US presidential election. The contrast was stark: Donald Trump drew on and ramped up dissatisfaction with the United Nations system in general and the WHO in particular, culminating in his decision to pull the US out of the WHO in the middle of the pandemic, while Joe Biden rescinded the decision to leave the WHO the day after assuming the presidency. Despite this difference, neither party heeded renewed calls during COVID to put health justice and primary healthcare at the heart of global health policy. Both parties continued to prefer private philanthropic sources of funding for global vaccine initiatives, and both sought economic returns on vaccine development, potentially missing a rare opportunity to incorporate global health justice into US global health diplomacy.
Radioactive Mosquito Bite and Its Surreal Life
Authors: Morimoto Ryo 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The article explores the tensions between the state, science, and the lived experience among the residents in the aftermath of the 2011 nuclear accident in Fukushima. The author proposes the analytics of the “surreal” to apprehend the incommensurable divide invisible radiation in society had produced between the state’s technoscientific focus on making the radiation visible and people’s diverse everyday experience of radiation in various aspects of life. Ethnographically retelling the struggles of a medical doctor who came to understand the manifold consequences of the accident in coastal Fukushima, the article shows how social science is a critical stakeholder in addressing the surreal to mediate between science and the lay public, the state and citizen, and risk and life to prevent the individuation of risk perceptions that follow with the emergence of invisible hazards in society.
The Morality of Investment
Authors: Vaughn Sarah E. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This article details how the influence of financial investment on insurance has produced a morality discourse that provides new insights on a social theory of stigma. Specifically, it examines the Insurance Development Forum (IDF) and the role morality plays in its commitments to climate governance. Initially conceived by political leaders advising on disaster risk reduction at a 2013 UN General Assembly meeting, the IDF recognizes financial institutions, practices, and devices as integral to addressing climate change. Through its activities and investments in an open-access database, insurance has come to shape material claims about the reputational status of people, things, natures, and places. At the heart of the article's analysis is the observation that the organizational structure of the IDF depends on the efficient flow of information to manage the stigma often associated with finance capitalism.
The Effect of Probabilistic Selling on Channel Dynamics in Supply Chains
Authors: Fay Scott , Gheibi Shahryar 
Published: November 2023

Problem definition: Probabilistic selling (PS) is a business model whereby, in addition to selling transparent products, a firm sells an opaque good, which is unknown to buyers until after purchase. We examine how PS affects retailer-manufacturer interactions in markets for physical goods and how upstream competition impacts channel members’ incentives to facilitate PS. Methodology/results: Using a Hotelling-based model of a multiproduct retailer, we find that a retailer maximizes its profit by assigning equal probability to each product even when the products have different wholesale prices. We also find that PS mitigates the inefficiencies caused by the double-marginalization problem. Although the potential benefit from PS is greater for a decentralized channel than for a centralized one, the market conditions for which PS arises are narrower for a decentralized channel. Furthermore, PS shifts channel power toward the manufacturer. However, it is possible for a win-win-win outcome to arise in which the manufacturer, retailer, and consumers benefit from PS. As expected, upstream competition shifts channel profit toward the retailer. However, competition also has surprising effects: It shrinks, rather than expands, the viability of PS and makes it possible for each manufacturer to benefit from its rival’s cost reduction. Managerial implications: A manufacturer should induce the retailer to offer an opaque good if its production costs are sufficiently low and the products are sufficiently close substitutes. It is optimal for the manufacturer to increase (decrease) its wholesale prices in response to the retailer’s ability to offer opaque goods if product differentiation is low (modest). Setting a wholesale price below cost sometimes maximizes a manufacturer’s profit. Furthermore, a retailer can achieve a strategic advantage by using products from multiple manufacturers to construct opaque goods. However, the retailer’s ability to leverage this advantage is curtailed because its use of equal-probability assignments relaxes competition between manufacturers. Funding: S. Fay acknowledges the financial support from the Earl V. Snyder Innovation Management Center and the Robert H. Brethen Operations Management Institute, Whitman School of Management, Syracuse University. Supplemental Material: The e-companion is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/msom.2022.0158 .
Intimacy, relationality and interdependencies: relationships in families dealing with gambling harms during COVID-19
Authors: Marionneau Virve , Järvinen-Tassopoulos Johanna , Pirskanen Henna 
Published: November 2023

Gambling is an addictive behaviour that causes significant harms to individuals, families and societies. Problematic gambling can have profound impacts on family life, including financial destitution and relationship breakdown. In addictive relationships, addictive behaviour dominates over other social commitments.
The COVID-19 pandemic had important implications on family life and gambling behaviours. This is likely to have affected family relationships in families experiencing gambling harms. The current study uses evidence from a qualitative survey (N=39) and interviews (N=5) collected with family members of gamblers to explore how family members of gamblers experienced addictive relationships during the COVID-19 pandemic in Finland.
The results show that gambling negatively affects intimate relationships, relationality and interdependencies in families. For many, gambling-related harms were accentuated by the intensification of addictive relationships during the pandemic. For others, availability restrictions of gambling brought relief. The results also show a need for more family-oriented help services and highlight the importance of prevention.
Treatment outcomes of cutaneous leishmaniasis due to Leishmania aethiopica: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Alemu Abebaw Yeshambel , Derseh Lemma , Kaba Mirgissa , Gadisa Endalamaw , Alemu Kassahun 
Published: November 2023

Background
Leishmania aethiopica is a unique species that causes cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL), and studies evaluating treatment outcomes for this condition reported inconsistent findings. This study aimed to summarize the evidence on treatment outcomes of CL caused by L. aethiopica to support decisions or propose further study.

Methods
We searched PubMed, Scopus, and ScienceDirect. In addition, we searched grey literature on Google Scholar and performed manual searching on the reference list of articles. Two authors did the screening, selection, critical appraisal, and data extraction. With the narrative synthesis of evidence, we performed a random effects model meta-analysis using the metaprop package in Stata 17. We did sensitivity and subgroup analyses after assessing heterogeneity using the I-squared test and forest plots. The funnel plot and Egger’s test were used to assess publication bias.

Results
The review included 22 studies with 808 participants, and the meta-analysis included seven studies with 677 participants. Most studies documented treatment outcomes with antimonial monotherapy, and only one study reported outcomes with combination therapy. The overall pooled proportion of cure was 63% (95% CI: 38–86%). In the subgroup analysis, systemic antimonial monotherapy showed a cure rate of 61%, and the proportion of cure was 87% with topical therapy. Topical therapy showed a better cure for the localized clinical phenotype. A cohort study documented a cure rate of 94.8% with combination therapy for the localized, mucocutaneous, and diffuse clinical phenotypes. The pooled proportion of unfavourable outcomes was partial response (19%), relapse (17%), discontinuation (19%), and unresponsiveness (6%).

Conclusions
The pooled proportion of cure is low with antimonial monotherapy. Despite limited evidence, combination therapies are a promising treatment option for all clinical phenotypes of CL caused by L. aethiopica. Future high-quality randomized control trials are needed to identify effective monotherapies and evaluate the effectiveness of combination therapies.
Association between serum copper-zinc ratio and respiratory tract infection in children and adolescents
Authors: Yang Mei , Li Yanshan , Yao Chunlan , Wang Yanzu , Yan Caijin 
Published: November 2023

Background
The aim of this study was to explore the association between serum copper-zinc (Cu-Zn) ratio and the risk of respiratory tract infection in children and adolescents.

Methods
This cross-sectional study collected the data of 1695 participants who aged 6–17 years with follow-up data on respiratory tract infection in 2011–2012, 2013–2014 and 2015–2016 cycles from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database. Univariate logistic regression analysis was applied to explore the covariates. Each covariate was adjusted in multivariate logistic regression analysis to explore the correlation between serum Cu-Zn ratio and respiratory tract infection. Subgroup analysis was performed to stratify the data according to age, gender and BMI. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) curve was plotted to identify the association between serum Cu-Zn ratio and respiratory tract infection.

Results
The results of RCS curve depicted that the risk of respiratory tract infection was increased as the elevation of the serum Cu-Zn ratio. After adjusting for confounders, risk of respiratory tract infection in children and adolescents was elevated with the increase of serum copper-zinc ratio (OR = 1.38, 95%CI: 1.19–1.60). Compared with people with serum copper-zinc ratio <1.25, subjects who had serum copper-zinc ratio >1.52 was associated with increased risk of respiratory tract infection in children and adolescents (OR = 1.88, 95%CI: 1.19–2.98). Subgroup analysis demonstrated that the risk of respiratory tract infection was elevated as the increase of serum copper-zinc ratio in participants <12 years (OR = 1.65, 95%CI: 1.28–2.12), ≥12 years (OR = 1.27, 95%CI: 1.03–1.57), males (OR = 1.63, 95%CI: 1.29–2.06), females (OR = 1.26, 95%CI: 1.01–1.57), underweight and normal (OR = 1.35, 95%CI: 1.11–1.65), and overweight and obese participants (OR = 1.44, 95%CI: 1.15–1.80).

Conclusion
Higher serum Cu-Zn ratio was associated with increased risk of respiratory tract infection in children and adolescents, which suggests the importance of Zn supplement and the balance of serum Cu-Zn ratio in children and adolescents.
Severe Lupus Enteritis Complicated by Intractable Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage
Authors: Thomas Austin , Smithhart Clay , Chopra Maneera , Jayan Athira , Ali Faisal , Doughem Karim , Bhatt Asmeen , Scoon Joanna , Larson Scott 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT
Lupus enteritis (LE) is a rare presentation of systemic lupus erythematosus manifesting with nonspecific symptoms, laboratory derangements, and imaging findings. Rarely, LE may progress to bowel perforation, hemorrhage, and even death. Treatment with systemic glucocorticoids often results in rapid clinical improvement, but patients may require further immunosuppression. We present a case of severe LE complicated by life-threatening intractable gastrointestinal hemorrhage and warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia refractory to glucocorticoids and ultimately requiring massive transfusions, intravenous immunoglobulin, and plasmapheresis. This case illustrates the importance of early specialist involvement and treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin and plasmapheresis for severe, life-threatening LE.
Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor Complicated by Fistula Formation
Authors: Sunkara Naveena , Selig Tyler , Elfanagely Yousef , Sepe Thomas E. 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT
Gastrointestinal (GI) stromal tumors are mesenchymal tumors that may arise in any portion of the GI tract. Their clinical presentation and complications may vary but do not often present with fistulization. This case is of clinical interest because of the rarity of GI stromal tumor intestinal fistulas.
On the non-triviality of anisotropic Roumieu Gelfand–Shilov spaces and inclusion between them
Authors: Bensaid M’Hamed , Chaïli Rachid 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
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From Leibniz via Hegel to Jaspers: Paradigm Shift of German Thinkers’ Conception of China
Authors: Li Xuetao 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Paradigm shift in the understanding of China is an inevitable result of intellectual and social changes. A history of the Western conception of China is a history of paradigm shift. As the driving force behind the European mainstream thought, Leibniz, Hegel and Jaspers, representatives of German philosophy, approached China with the spirit of the times, which one can still feel today. None of the three philosophers is a sinologist, but all of them brought China into their philosophical framework. The study of the paradigm shift in their understanding of China is valuable for our comprehension of the transformation of China image in the West. Obviously, these German thinkers studied China not out of the purely sinological interest, but the questions they raised when comparing Chinese thought and Western thought and their problem awareness in the face of Chinese thought still worth our attention today.
The Moral Status of Self-Love in Early Reformed Ethics
Authors: McGinnis Andrew M. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Reformed moral philosophers in the period of early orthodoxy (ca. 1550–ca. 1650) continue a medieval tradition of engaging moral questions in conversation with Aristotle’s Nicomachean Ethics, and they often address the moral status of self-love in connection with the virtue of friendship. There is broad agreement among these authors that self-love is not only not necessarily sinful, but that some kinds of self-love are morally good and that self-love is the source and rule for love of one’s neighbor. Lambert Daneau’s Ethices Christianae, however, stands in a more complex relationship to this consensus.
The Messianic Secret and the Significance of Preaching in Gabriele Biondo, Otto Brunfels, and Celio Secondo Curione
Authors: Guida Vito 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The “messianic secret” in the New Testament refers to instances where Christ instructed his followers to keep silent about his identity. While contemporary studies on the messianic secret have predominantly employed the historico-critical method, the Early Modern Period witnessed diverse interpretations that focused on edification and moralization. These interpretations emphasized the concealed Messiah’s identity, the act of revelation, and the duty to transmit the divine message as inseparable aspects of the Christian faith. The primary objective of this study is to explore the development of messianic secret interpretations in the first half of the sixteenth century. The study aims to address key questions such as: How were Jesus’s injunctions to silence interpreted? How did these interpretations shape biblical readings, preaching practices, and the evangelical mission? Did they impact the definition of the Church? Through a comparative analysis, this study examines the interpretations of three relatively contemporary authors – Gabriele Biondo, Otto Brunfels, and Celio Secondo Curione. It argues for the interconnectedness between biblical exegesis, preaching, the audience, theological concepts like predestination, holy remnant, and salvation, as well as the organization of the Church. Ultimately, this research demonstrates that diverse interpretations of Jesus’s actions and the messianic secret were rooted in changes in exegetical methods, the definition of the Church, and the understanding of the salvific message conveyed by Christ.