bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of an Artificial Intelligence Enhanced Application for Student Wellbeing: Pilot Randomised Trial of the Mind Tutor
Authors: Ehrlich Christian , Hennelly Sarah E. , Wilde Natalie , Lennon Oliver , Beck Alan , Messenger Hazel , Sergiou Kat , Davies Emma L. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThere has been an increase in the number of UK university students disclosing mental health conditions in recent years. This paper describes the evaluation of the Mind Tutor app, an artificial intelligence based wellbeing app specifically designed for first year undergraduate students, which included a chatbot function that guided students to relevant wellbeing content. The content of the app was developed based on data about mental health and wellbeing issues reported by students and focussed on anxiety, low mood, academic study, transition to university and relationships. Two randomised controlled evaluation studies were conducted with N = 177 and N = 240 first year undergraduate students from two UK universities (the second due to delays in development work and difficulties with recruitment in the first trial). The Mind Tutor had no significant impact on student wellbeing. The study suffered from poor recruitment and retention rates. However, further research is warranted to understand factors that may increase engagement and acceptability of app based tools to increase student wellbeing.
Biodiesel and its potential to mitigate transport-related CO2 emissions
Authors: Solaymani Saeed 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMany studies have concentrated on the energy capacity of biodiesel to reduce CO2 emissions at the aggregate level and not much at the sectoral level. This study addresses this gap and attempts to estimate the impact of the use of palm biodiesel on the transport CO2 emissions in Malaysia during 1990–2019. It also predicts the impact of implementing the B10 blending program (10% biodiesel in diesel fuel) on CO2 emissions from transport in this country. For this purpose, this study uses the dynamic autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) and Kernel-based regularized least squares. This model can plot and estimate the possible actual changes in biodiesel consumption to predict its impacts on transport CO2 emissions. The results suggest that a one-way Granger causality exists from transport GDP, diesel consumption, and motor petrol consumption to palm biodiesel consumption. An increase of 1% in the use of biodiesel reduces carbon emissions from road transport by 0.004% in the long run, while, in the short run, it is associated with a 0.001% increase in transport CO2 emissions. The simulated results from the dynamic ARDL model suggest that a 10% increase in the share of biodiesel consumption in fuel transport by 2030 would reduce the rate of the increase in road transport carbon emissions. The improvement and management of new technologies in oil palm plantation and harvesting can help increase palm oil production for biofuels and edible oil and to reduce forest replacement and therefore biodiversity and food security.
Humanism: A Reconsideration
Authors: TARASENKO-STRUC ALEKSY 
Published: October 2023

AbstractHumanism is the view that people treat others inhumanely when we fail to see them as human beings, so that our treatment of them will tend to be more humane when we (fully) see their humanity. Recently, humanist views have been criticized on the grounds that the perpetrators of inhumanity regard their victims as human and treat them inhumanely partly for this reason. I argue that the two most common objections to humanist views (and their relatives) are unpersuasive: not only does the evidence marshaled against these views fail to disprove them, it could threaten them only if some questionable assumptions were granted. By providing necessary conceptual ground clearing and routing common lines of attack, I hope to determine what it would take for a humanist project to succeed, thereby paving the way for a full defense of humanism that fulfills its explanatory ambitions.
Neural network ensembles and uncertainty estimation for predictions of inelastic mechanical deformation using a finite element method-neural network approach
Authors: Bergel Guy L. , Montes de Oca Zapiain David , Romero Vicente 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The finite element method (FEM) is widely used to simulate a variety of physics phenomena. Approaches that integrate FEM with neural networks (NNs) are typically leveraged as an alternative to conducting expensive FEM simulations in order to reduce the computational cost without significantly sacrificing accuracy. However, these methods can produce biased predictions that deviate from those obtained with FEM, since these hybrid FEM-NN approaches rely on approximations trained using physically relevant quantities. In this work, an uncertainty estimation framework is introduced that leverages ensembles of Bayesian neural networks to produce diverse sets of predictions using a hybrid FEM-NN approach that approximates internal forces on a deforming solid body. The uncertainty estimator developed herein reliably infers upper bounds of bias/variance in the predictions for a wide range of interpolation and extrapolation cases using a three-element FEM-NN model of a bar undergoing plastic deformation. This proposed framework offers a powerful tool for assessing the reliability of physics-based surrogate models by establishing uncertainty estimates for predictions spanning a wide range of possible load cases.
Katok’s special representation theorem for multidimensional Borel flows
Authors: SLUTSKY KONSTANTIN 
Published: October 2023

AbstractKatok’s special representation theorem states that any free ergodic measure- preserving
$\mathbb {R}^{d}$
-flow can be realized as a special flow over a
$\mathbb {Z}^{d}$
-action. It provides a multidimensional generalization of the ‘flow under a function’ construction. We prove the analog of Katok’s theorem in the framework of Borel dynamics and show that, likewise, all free Borel
$\mathbb {R}^{d}$
-flows emerge from
$\mathbb {Z}^{d}$
-actions through the special flow construction using bi-Lipschitz cocycles.
Some measure rigidity and equidistribution results for β-maps
Authors: FISHBEIN NEVO 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWe prove
$\times a \times b$
measure rigidity for multiplicatively independent pairs when
$a\in \mathbb {N}$
and
$b>1$
is a ‘specified’ real number (the b-expansion of
$1$
has a tail or bounded runs of
$0$
s) under a positive entropy condition. This is done by proving a mean decay of the Fourier series of the point masses average along
$\times b$
orbits. We also prove a quantitative version of this decay under stronger conditions on the
$\times a$
invariant measure. The quantitative version together with the
$\times b$
invariance of the limit measure is a step toward a general Host-type pointwise equidistribution theorem in which the equidistribution is for Parry measure instead of Lebesgue. We show that finite memory length measures on the a-shift meet the mentioned conditions for mean convergence. Our main proof relies on techniques of Hochman.
Financial literacy and financial wellbeing: Evidence from Eastern Europe in a high inflation environment
Authors: Beckmann Elisabeth , Kiesl-Reiter Sarah 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWe analyze financial literacy regarding interest rates, inflation, and risk diversification in nine Eastern European countries based on survey data collected in the fall 2022. The percentage of individuals with an understanding of all three concepts is generally low but varies strongly among countries, from 13 percent in Romania to 47 percent in the Czech Republic. Financial illiteracy is particularly acute among those with primary or lower secondary education. Among the three concepts, inflation is what people know best in eight out of nine countries – a pattern which has emerged recently and is in contrast to other countries, where interest rate literacy is highest. Differences in lifetime inflation experience, in particular experience of high or hyperinflation, affect inflation literacy. Higher financial literacy is associated with a higher propensity to save and a lower propensity to be financially vulnerable in six out of nine countries.
The unified extropy and its versions in classical and Dempster–Shafer theories
Authors: Buono Francesco , Deng Yong , Longobardi Maria 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMeasures of uncertainty are a topic of considerable and growing interest. Recently, the introduction of extropy as a measure of uncertainty, dual to Shannon entropy, has opened up interest in new aspects of the subject. Since there are many versions of entropy, a unified formulation has been introduced to work with all of them in an easy way. Here we consider the possibility of defining a unified formulation for extropy by introducing a measure depending on two parameters. For particular choices of parameters, this measure provides the well-known formulations of extropy. Moreover, the unified formulation of extropy is also analyzed in the context of the Dempster–Shafer theory of evidence, and an application to classification problems is given.
LINEAR INDEPENDENCE OF VALUES OF THE q-EXPONENTIAL AND RELATED FUNCTIONS
Authors: DIXIT ANUP B. , KUMAR VEEKESH , PATHAK SIDDHI S. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWe establish the linear independence of values of the q-analogue of the exponential function and its derivatives at specified algebraic arguments, when q is a Pisot–Vijayaraghavan number. We also deduce similar results for cognate functions, such as the Tschakaloff function and certain generalised q-series.
Effect of probiotics on postmenopausal bone health: a preclinical meta-analysis
Authors: Bose Shibani , Sharan Kunal 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPostmenopausal osteoporosis is a major concern for women worldwide due to increased risk of fractures and diminished bone quality. Recent research on gut microbiota has suggested that probiotics can combat various diseases, including postmenopausal bone loss. Although several preclinical studies have explored the potential of probiotics in improving postmenopausal bone loss, the results have been inconsistent and the mechanism of action remains unclear. To address this, a meta-analysis was conducted to determine the effect of probiotics on animal models of postmenopausal osteoporosis. The bone parameters studied were bone mineral density (BMD), bone volume fractions (BV/TV), and hallmarks of bone formation and resorption. Pooled analysis showed that probiotic treatment significantly improves BMD and BV/TV of the ovariectomised animals. Probiotics, while not statistically significant, exhibited a tendency towards enhancing bone formation and reducing bone resorption. Next, we compared the effects of Lactobacillus sp. and Bifidobacterium sp. on osteoporotic bone. Both probiotics improved BMD and BV/TV compared with control, but Lactobacillus sp. had a larger effect size. In conclusion, our findings suggest that probiotics have the potential to improve bone health and prevent postmenopausal osteoporosis. However, further studies are required to investigate the effect of probiotics on postmenopausal bone health in humans.
Association between nut consumption and low muscle strength among Korean adults
Authors: Jun Shinyoung , Shin Sunhye 
Published: October 2023

AbstractNuts are an important component of a healthy diet, but little has been known about their effects on muscle health. Therefore, this study examined the association between nut consumption and low muscle strength among Korean adults. This cross-sectional analysis was conducted using single 24-h recall and handgrip strength data from 3962 younger adults 19–39 years, 6921 middle-aged adults 40–64 years and 3961 older adults ≥65 years participated in the seventh cycle (2016–2018) of the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Low muscle strength was defined as handgrip strength <28 kg for men and <18 kg for women. Sex-specific OR were obtained for younger, middle-aged and older adults using multivariable logistic regression analyses. About one in four Korean adults were consuming nuts (using a culinary definition) with peanut being the most frequently consumed type. After adjustment for age, BMI, total energy intake, household income, alcohol consumption, smoking, resistance exercise, medical history and dietary protein intake, nut consumption was associated with the lower risk of low muscle strength among older adults ≥65 years (men: OR 0·55, 95 % CI (0·38, 0·79); women: OR 0·69, 95 % CI (0·51, 0·93)); however, this association was not observed among younger adults 19–39 years or middle-aged adults 40–64 years. Our results suggest that consuming nuts might be beneficial in lowering the risk of low muscle strength among Korean older adults.
New Ediacaran biota from the oldest Nama Group, Namibia (Tsaus Mountains), and re-definition of the Nama Assemblage
Authors: Wood Rachel , Bowyer Fred. T. , Alexander Ruaridh , Yilales Mariana , Uahengo Collen-Issia , Kaputuaza Kavevaza , Ndeunyema Junias , Curtis Andrew 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe Nama Group, Namibia (≥550.5 to <538 million years ago, Ma), preserves one of the most diverse metazoan fossil records of the terminal Ediacaran Period. We report numerous features that may be biological in origin from the shallow marine, siliciclastic, lowermost Mara Member (older than ca. 550.5 Ma) from the Tsaus Mountains. These include forms that potentially represent body fossils,Beltanelliformisand an indeterminate juvenile uniterminal rangeomorph or arboreomorph frond, plug trace fossils,Bergaueria, as well as sedimentary surface textures, which are possibly microbially induced. These are the oldest documented macrofossils in the Nama Group. They represent taxa that persist from the Avalon or White Sea assemblages prior to the later appearance of new biota, including calcified metazoans, calcified and soft-bodied tubular taxa including all cloudinids, as well as more complex trace fossils.Using a new age model that allows more accurate stratigraphic placement of major Ediacaran macrofossil morphogroups and taxa, we propose a re-definition of the Nama Assemblage following the practice for Phanerozoic evolutionary faunas to include only new morphogroups of soft-bodied tubular, calcified taxa and complex trace fossils, defined by first appearance ofCloudina, which postdates deposition of the Kanies and lower Mara members and first appears ca. 550 Ma and persists until at least 539 Ma.Finally, the Tsaus Mountain environment is pristine, unspoilt by geologists and naturalists. Following World Heritage Convention, we suggest a pledge of non-destructive excavation that all future scientists should be able to make in publications of work that involve research in this area.
NONPARAMETRIC TIME-VARYING PANEL DATA MODELS WITH HETEROGENEITY
Authors: Liu Fei 
Published: October 2023

AbstractSince Bai (2009,Econometrica77, 1229–1279), considerable extensions have been made to panel data models with interactive fixed effects (IFEs). However, little work has been conducted to understand the associated iterative algorithm, which, to the best of our knowledge, is the most commonly adopted approach in this line of research. In this paper, we refine the algorithm of panel data models with IFEs using the nuclear-norm penalization method and duple least-squares (DLS) iterations. Meanwhile, we allow the regression coefficients to be individual-specific and evolve over time. Accordingly, asymptotic properties are established to demonstrate the theoretical validity of the proposed approach. Furthermore, we show that the proposed methodology exhibits good finite-sample performance using simulation and real data examples.
Affective Aspirations of Activist Musical Diplomacy at the Bicentennial Celebration of Brazilian Independence in Lisbon
Authors: SNYDER ANDREW 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn 2022, Prime Minister of Portugal António Costa of the Socialist Party held a celebration of Brazilian music at his residence in Lisbon for the Bicentennial of Brazilian Independence a month before the presidential elections between Bolsonaro and Lula. In contrast to Bolsonaro’s right-wing rallies, Costa featured acts that were feminist, antiracist, and leftist. In this diplomatic event, musical performances criticised Bolsonaro’s Brazil and supported Lula’s campaign, imaginatively aspiring for an alternative Brazil despite the organizers’ directive not to protest. I show how the performers strategically and affectively advanced a comprehensible political critique in this crucial moment of Brazilian political history.
Mineralogy of Surface Materials at the Chang'E‐5 Landing Site and Possible Exotic Sources From In Situ Spectral Observations
Authors: Yang (杨茂升) Maosheng , Qian (钱煜奇) Yuqi , Horgan Briony , Huang (黄俊) Jun , Xiao (肖龙) Long 
Published: October 2023

AbstractChina's Chang'E‐5 (CE‐5) mission landed at 43.06°N and 51.92°W on 1 December 2020, within the Northern Oceanus Procellarum region of the Moon. The CE‐5 landing site is situated within a young lunar basalt unit estimated to be around 2.0 Ga. A comprehensive understanding of the lunar regolith composition within the CE‐5 region is pivotal as it furnishes additional scientific evidence concerning its origin. This, in turn, would further improve our understanding of lunar geology and evolution. In our studies, we employed a variety of spectral data and derived products including the CE‐5 Lunar Mineralogical Spectrometer data, the ferrous mineral abundance derived from Kaguya Multiband Imager, and the Chandrayaan‐1 Moon Mineralogical Mapper data. These data enabled us to determine and analyze the compositions of the diverse materials present in the CE‐5 region and to pinpoint the origins of exotic materials found therein. Our results indicated that the exotic material within the CE‐5 region is principally composed of clinopyroxene and plagioclase (Pl). Further analysis unveils that the CE‐5 regolith embodies a blend of two distinct varieties of clinopyroxene, designated as Type A and Type B, along with feldspar. This discovery markedly diverges from the conclusions drawn by preceding studies, which relied solely on remote sensing data. Moreover, the exotic materials are predominantly constituted by the ejecta of Harpalus and Aristarchus craters. This finding furnishes a substantial geological background for the analysis of exotic materials in the samples returned by the CE‐5 mission in forthcoming studies.
Parameterizing Vertical Mixing Coefficients in the Ocean Surface Boundary Layer Using Neural Networks
Authors: Sane Aakash , Reichl Brandon G. , Adcroft Alistair , Zanna Laure 
Published: October 2023

AbstractVertical mixing parameterizations in ocean models are formulated on the basis of the physical principles that govern turbulent mixing. However, many parameterizations include ad hoc components that are not well constrained by theory or data. One such component is the eddy diffusivity model, where vertical turbulent fluxes of a quantity are parameterized from a variable eddy diffusion coefficient and the mean vertical gradient of the quantity. In this work, we improve a parameterization of vertical mixing in the ocean surface boundary layer by enhancing its eddy diffusivity model using data‐driven methods, specifically neural networks. The neural networks are designed to take extrinsic and intrinsic forcing parameters as input to predict the eddy diffusivity profile and are trained using output data from a second moment closure turbulent mixing scheme. The modified vertical mixing scheme predicts the eddy diffusivity profile through online inference of neural networks and maintains the conservation principles of the standard ocean model equations, which is particularly important for its targeted use in climate simulations. We describe the development and stable implementation of neural networks in an ocean general circulation model and demonstrate that the enhanced scheme outperforms its predecessor by reducing biases in the mixed‐layer depth and upper ocean stratification. Our results demonstrate the potential for data‐driven physics‐aware parameterizations to improve global climate models.
Prim-O-glucosylcimifugin ameliorates aging-impaired endogenous tendon regeneration by rejuvenating senescent tendon stem/progenitor cells
Authors: Wang Yu , Jin Shanshan , Luo Dan , He Danqing , Yu Min , Zhu Lisha , Li Zixin , Chen Liyuan , Ding Chengye , Wu Xiaolan , Wu Tianhao , Huang Weiran , Zhao Xuelin , Xu Meng , Xie Zhengwei , Liu Yan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAdult tendon stem/progenitor cells (TSPCs) are essential for tendon maintenance, regeneration, and repair, yet they become susceptible to senescence with age, impairing the self-healing capacity of tendons. In this study, we employ a recently developed deep-learning-based efficacy prediction system to screen potential stemness-promoting and senescence-inhibiting drugs from natural products using the transcriptional signatures of stemness. The top-ranked candidate, prim-O-glucosylcimifugin (POG), a saposhnikovia root extract, could ameliorate TPSC senescent phenotypes caused by long-term passage and natural aging in rats and humans, as well as restore the self-renewal and proliferative capacities and tenogenic potential of aged TSPCs. In vivo, the systematic administration of POG or the local delivery of POG nanoparticles functionally rescued endogenous tendon regeneration and repair in aged rats to levels similar to those of normal animals. Mechanistically, POG protects TSPCs against functional impairment during both passage-induced and natural aging by simultaneously suppressing nuclear factor-κB and decreasing mTOR signaling with the induction of autophagy. Thus, the strategy of pharmacological intervention with the deep learning-predicted compound POG could rejuvenate aged TSPCs and improve the regenerative capacity of aged tendons.
Bioinspired trimesic acid anchored electrocatalysts with unique static and dynamic compatibility for enhanced water oxidation
Authors: Lin Xiaojing , Wang Zhaojie , Cao Shoufu , Hu Yuying , Liu Siyuan , Chen Xiaodong , Chen Hongyu , Zhang Xingheng , Wei Shuxian , Xu Hui , Cheng Zhi , Hou Qi , Sun Daofeng , Lu Xiaoqing 
Published: October 2023

AbstractLayered double hydroxides are promising candidates for the electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction. Unfortunately, their catalytic kinetics and long-term stabilities are far from satisfactory compared to those of rare metals. Here, we investigate the durability of nickel-iron layered double hydroxides and show that ablation of the lamellar structure due to metal dissolution is the cause of the decreased stability. Inspired by the amino acid residues in photosystem II, we report a strategy using trimesic acid anchors to prepare the subsize nickel-iron layered double hydroxides with kinetics, activity and stability superior to those of commercial catalysts. Fundamental investigations through operando spectroscopy and theoretical calculations reveal that the superaerophobic surface facilitates prompt release of the generated O2 bubbles, and protects the structure of the catalyst. Coupling between the metals and coordinated carboxylates via C‒O‒Fe bonding prevents dissolution of the metal species, which stabilizes the electronic structure by static coordination. In addition, the uncoordinated carboxylates formed by dynamic evolution during oxygen evolution reaction serve as proton ferries to accelerate the oxygen evolution reaction kinetics. This work offers a promising way to achieve breakthroughs in oxygen evolution reaction stability and dynamic performance by introducing functional ligands with static and dynamic compatibilities.