bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Utilization of POME waste as a renewable energy source in the life cycle concept of palm oil biodiesel
Authors: Paminto Ari Kabul 
Published: January 2025

Background: In 2024, Indonesia, an importer of crude oil and fuel, is shifting focus to renewable energy as fossil fuel production declines. This research aims to develop a life cycle concept for biodiesel production from palm oil, addressing environmental concerns related to emissions from FFB, CPO, and biodiesel production processes. Methods: The method used in this research is a combination of quantitative LCA (Life Cycle Assessment) and AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process) along with qualitative methods. Findings: This research identifies and evaluates the alternative utilization of Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) waste with certain priority weights. The results showed that biodiesel production from palm oil requires various significant inputs, such as NPK fertilizer, herbicides, water, diesel, and Crude Palm Oil (CPO), resulting in environmental emissions in the form of CO2 of 1489 Kg CO2 (eq) per ton of biodiesel, as well as contributions to eutrophication and acidification. The LCI (Life Cycle Inventory) analysis also identified that the largest CO2 emissions came from POME waste (53%), followed by NPK fertilizer (23%), methanol (18%), and diesel oil (7%), while eutrophication and acidification indicated significant contributions from NPK fertilizer, methanol, diesel oil, and POME waste. These findings confirm the importance of utilizing POME waste as an optimal step to reduce CO2 emissions with a potential reduction of up to 667.2 Kg CO2 through a more sustainable biodiesel production life cycle concept. Conclusion: From this result, researchers recommend that palm oil companies start replacing chemical fertilizers with organic fertilizers to reduce environmental impacts, and encourage the utilization of POME waste at Palm Oil Mills as a source of biogas for renewable energy. At the biodiesel industry level, increasing the methanol recycling rate is proposed to improve efficiency and reduce emissions at the downstream stage of biodiesel production. Novelty/Originality of this article: This study identifies and evaluates alternatives for utilizing Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) waste with certain priority weights.
Between fire and custom: A study of Indian cremation practices on the island of the gods (Bali)
Authors: Nandmehar Sarita , Wardana I Ketut , Wariati Ni Luh Gede 
Published: January 2025

Background: Cremation tradition is one of the ritual practices that has deep meaning in Indian and Balinese culture. This study explores the cremation practices of Indians on the island of Bali, which reflect the intersection between their ancestral traditions and local Balinese customs. In the context of globalization and migration, this study is relevant to understanding the dynamics of cultural interaction and the sustainability of ritual identity in a multicultural society. This research aims to analyze how Indians in Bali carry out their cremation practices, adapting or maintaining traditional Indian elements within the framework of Balinese customs. Methods: The methodology used is qualitative with in-depth interview techniques, participatory observation, and document analysis. Data was collected from the Indian community living in Bali, Balinese traditional leaders, and religious leaders. Findings: The results show that the cremation practices of Indians in Bali are the result of a process of cultural adaptation and negotiation. Although the core rituals continue to reflect Indian traditions, many elements are integrated with Balinese customs, such as the use of cremation sites and the involvement of local communities. This outcome reflects a unique cultural harmony and the sustainability of the tradition amidst the dynamics of social change. Conclusions: This study concludes that the cremation practice of Indians in Bali serves not only as a spiritual ritual but also as a symbol of harmonious cultural interaction. Novelty/Originality of this article: The findings have important implications for cultural anthropology and intercultural studies and can serve as a reference in designing policies that support cultural diversity in a globalized society.
Features of the Painting Technique of the Icon “St Nicholas the Wonderworker, with the Scenes of His Life” from Matigory: The Restorer’s View
Authors: Пейчев Д.Г. 
Published: January 2025

Десятилетия кропотливого изучения техники древней иконописи и совершенствующиеся методики ее раскрытия позволяют нам по-новому взглянуть на памятники, ранее считавшиеся утраченными и не подлежащими реставрации. Одной из таких икон является образ святого Николая Чудотворца с житием из села Матигоры. Памятник многократно переписан и значительно утрачен в процессе своего бытования, но сохранные участки древней живописи помогают пролить свет на многие особенности иконописи XIII–XIV вв.
Decades of laborious study of the technique of ancient icon painting and the improving methods of its disclosure allow us to take a fresh look at icons, that were previously considered lost and unsuitable for restoration. One of these icons is the image of “St Nicholas the Wonderworker, with the scenes of his life” of Matigory. The monument has been overpainted many times, and significantly lost in the course of its existence but preserved sections of ancient painting help shed light on many features of icon painting of the 13th–14th centuries.
Conclusion of a Preliminary Research of the Icon Named “St Nicholas the Wonderworker, with the Scenes of His Life” from Village Matigory in the Collection of The Russian Museum
Authors: Антропова И.А. , Пейчев Д.Г. 
Published: January 2025

В 1965 г. в Русский музей поступила икона «Св. Николай Чудотворец». Пробные реставрационные раскрытия, начатые в том же году, показали, что под видимой записью XIX в. находится более ранняя живопись (предположительно XIV в.), также стало понятно, что первоначально икона была житийной. Сильно загрязненный покровный лак и сложное раскрытие, вызванное плохой сохранностью нижележащих слоев и большим количеством записей с перегрунтовками, не позволяли выявить ни иконографические, ни технологические особенности памятника. Реставрация последних лет и современные методы исследования дают возможность более детально изучить икону и высказать предположения еще до ее полного раскрытия.
In 1965, the Russian Museum received the icon named “St Nicholas the Wonderworker, with the Scenes of His Life”. In the same year, restoration of the icon began and showed that under the visible cover of the 19th century there was an earlier painting (presumably from the 14th century). It also became clear that the icon was originally hagiographic. The heavily soiled cover-varnish, complex exposure caused by the poor preservation of the underlying layers, and the large number of records with overpriming made it impossible to reveal either the iconographic or stylistic features of the icon. Subsequent restoration in recent years and modern methods of research make it possible to study the icon in more detail and make reasonable assumptions even before full and final disclosure of findings.
Scientific and Restoration Work on Preservation of the Antique Sculptures of the Hermitage in 2018—2023
Authors: Давыдова Л.И. , Клур В.А. 
Published: January 2025

Уже многие годы Отдел античного мира Эрмитажа занимается планомерной работой по реставрации скульптур, входящих в состав постоянных экспозиций. Работа эта осуществляется лабораторией научной реставрации скульптуры из мрамора и цветного камня (заведующая С. Л. Петрова) совместно с хранителями отдела. За последние пять лет в помещении лаборатории и непосредственно в залах греческого искусства V–IV вв. до н.э. реставратором высшей категории В. А. Клур были отреставрированы три монументальные скульптуры и несколько бюстов, такие как «Голова грека», «Бюст Геракла», «Голова героя» (хранитель Л. И. Давыдова). В целом работы были направлены на расчистку статуй от поверхностных загрязнений. Продолжалось и постоянное наблюдение за состоянием металлических креплений, в необходимых случаях выполнялось их удаление, а также расчистка, склейка и мастиковка швов в местах соединения скульптурных фрагментов.
For many years now, Department of Classical Antiquity of the State Hermitage Museum has been systematically working on the restoration of sculptures that are part of the permanent exhibition. This work is carried out by the Laboratory of the Scientific Restoration of Sculpture of Marble and Semi-Precious Stones (headed by S. Petrova) together with the curators of the department. Over the past five years, V. Klur, restorer of the highest category, has worked on three monumental sculptures and several busts, such as “Head of a Greek”, “Bust of Hercules”, “Head of a Hero” (curator — L. Davydova), both in the premises of the laboratory and directly in the halls of Greek art of the 5th–4th centuries BC. In general, conservation treatment was focused on cleaning the statues from surface contaminations. The state of metal fixing details inside marble has been under constant surveillance, if necessary, they were removed. The work also included cleaning, gluing and subsequently filling connecting joints of sculptural fragments with mastic compound.
Lucas Cranach the Elder’s “Venus and Cupid”: Technical Study and Restoration
Authors: Лапшин М.В. . 
Published: January 2025

В статье говорится об особенностях недавней реставрации шедевра Эрмитажа — картины «Венера и Амур» Лукаса Кранаха Старшего (1509, инв. № ГЭ 680). Раскрытию предшествовал детальный анализ состояния сохранности авторского красочного слоя и использованных материалов.
This article is about the features of the recent restoration of the Hermitage masterpiece — the painting “Venus and Cupid” by Lucas Cranach the Elder (1509, inventory No. ГЭ 680). Detailed analysis of the condition of the authorʼs paint layer and used materials preceded the practical treatment.
MATERNIDADE INFANTIL NA NUTRIÇÃO
Authors: Bessa Francisco Xavier Martins 
Published: January 2025

A amamentação é central para a saúde e desenvolvimento dos bebês, oferecendo benefícios nutricionais, imunológicos e psicossociais. O leite materno fornece todos os nutrientes necessários para o crescimento nos primeiros meses de vida. Objetivou-se, com isso, averiguar a importância da nutrição adequada durante a gestação e a primeira infância, destacando seu impacto no desenvolvimento saudável da criança e na saúde materna. No eixo metodológico, aplicou-se uma revisão bibliográfica de cunho qualitativo. Os resultados ressaltaram a importância da amamentação exclusiva nos primeiros meses de vida para promover um desenvolvimento saudável, sobretudo da fala e linguagem, além de oferecer benefícios significativos para a saúde materna e infantil. Concluiu-se que a amamentação favorece o desenvolvimento adequado da musculatura orofacial, melhorando a clareza da articulação da fala e a capacidade de compreensão e produção de linguagem em crianças. Adicionalmente, enfatizou-se a relevância da amamentação como uma prática essencial para a saúde e crescimento infantil, ressaltando a responsabilidade do nutricionista no apoio a esse processo e na promoção do sucesso na amamentação.
PREVALENSI FAKTOR PENYEBAB STUNTING PADA BALITA USIA 1-5 TAHUN DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS MPUNDA TAHUN 2024
Authors: Putri Maharani  , Rostinah  , Jumriani  
Published: January 2025

Stunting menjadi masalah gizi yang utama yang sedang dihadapi pada balita yang bisa menyebabkan perkembangan anak terganggu, dengan timbulnya dampak negatif akibat stunting seperti penurunan intelektual, rentan terhadap penyakit tidak menular, penurunan produktivitas hingga dapat menyebabkan kemiskinan dan dapat memunculkan risiko dengan melahirkan bayi dengan berat badan rendah. Tujuannya untuk mengetahui tentang prevalensi faktor penyebab stunting pada balita usia 1-5 tahun di wilayah kerja puskesmas mpunda tahun 2024. Desain Penelitian yang digunakan adalah analitik kuantititaf dengan metode yang digunakan survey kepada responden untuk mengetahuifaktor penyebab stunting pada balita usia 1-5 tahun. populasi dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 71 orang, tehnik sampling yang digunakan adalah simple random sampling. Sebagian besar ibu berdasarkan pola asuh pemberian makan di kategorikan baik sebanyak 39 reesponden (54%), sebagian besar ibu berdasarkan pendidikan kelompok SMA sebanyak 33 responden (46%), sebagian besar ibu memiliki tingkat ekonomi yang rendah sebanyak 48 responden (68%).
Peningkatan Kemampuan Operasi Hitung Menggunakan Model Pembelajaran Jigsaw Pada Siswa Kelas 4 Sekolah Dasar Santo Agustinus Waga-Waga di Wamena
Authors: Nusalawo Robert , Ambarita Yogi Marulitua 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRAK
Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk melihat pengaruh model pembelajaran jigsaw dan meningkatkan kemampuan operasi hitung pada siswa kelas 4 Sekolah Dasar Santo Agustinus Waga-waga di wamena. Berdasarkan hasil observasi peneliti menemukan masalah mendasar yaitu siswa belum mampu menyusun angka satuan, puluhan, ratusan bahkan ribuan, dalam operaasi penjumlahan dan pengurangan bersususn. Masalah ini membuat siswa sulit menghitung operasi penjumlahan dengan aturan simpan dan pengurangan dengan aturan pinjam. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu metode kolaboratif dengan pendekatan kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Pendekatan kuantitatif untuk menghitung kemampuan hasi kemampuan belajar siswa dan pendekatan kualitatif untuk melihat bagaimana peningkatan dan pengaruh model pembelajaran jigsaw. Kemampuan operasi hitung dasar penjumlahan dan pengurangan siswa kelas 4 SD St. Agustinus Waga-Waga mengalami peningkatan setelah menerapkan model pembelajarn jigsaw sebesar 22,5%, pre-tets sebelum menerapkan model pembelajaran jigsaw yaitu 37,5% dan post-tes setelah menerapkan model pembelajaran jigsaw yaitu 60%. Peningkatan kemampuan siswa dilihat juga dari jumlah siswa yang mencapai nilai KKM 67%, maka penggunaan model pembelajaran jigsaw mempunyai dampak/pengaruh yang sangat signifikan terhadap siswa kelas 4 SD St. Agustinus Waga-Waga.
Axial Elongation Trajectories in Chinese Children and Adults With High Myopia
Authors: Zhang Shiran , Chen Yanping , Li Zhixi , Wang Wei , Xuan Meng , Zhang Jian , Hu Yin , Chen Yanxian , Xiao Ou , Yin Qiuxia , Zheng Yingfeng , He Mingguang , Han Xiaotong 
Published: December 2023

ImportanceUnderstanding the long-term axial elongation trajectory in high myopia is important to prevent blindness.ObjectiveTo evaluate axial elongation trajectories and related visual outcomes in children and adults with high myopia.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsIn this cohort study, participants in the Zhongshan Ophthalmic Centre–Brien Holden Vision Institute high myopia cohort were followed up every other year for 8 years. Participants with axial length measurements at baseline (2011 or 2012) and at least 1 follow-up visit were included. Participants were grouped according to baseline age as children and adolescents (7 to &amp;lt;18 years), young adults (18 to &amp;lt;40 years), and older adults (≥40 to 70 years). Data were analyzed from November 1, 2022, to June 1, 2023.ExposureHigh myopia (spherical power ≤−6.00 diopters).Main Outcomes and MeasuresLongitudinal axial elongation trajectories were identified by cluster analysis. Axial elongation rates were calculated by linear mixed-effects models. A 2-sided P &amp;lt; .05 was defined as statistically significant.ResultsA total of 793 participants (median [range] age, 17.8 [6.8-69.7] years; 418 females [52.7%]) and 1586 eyes were included in the analyses. Mean axial elongation rates were 0.46 mm/y (95% CI, 0.44-0.48 mm/y) for children and adolescents, 0.07 mm/y (95% CI, 0.06-0.09 mm/y) for young adults, and 0.13 mm/y (95% CI, 0.07-0.19 mm/y) for older adults. Cluster analysis identified 3 axial elongation trajectories, with the stable, moderate, and rapid progression trajectories having mean axial elongation rates of 0.02 mm/y (95% CI, 0.01-0.02 mm/y), 0.12 mm/y (95% CI, 0.11-0.13 mm/y), and 0.38 mm/y (95% CI, 0.35-0.42 mm/y), respectively. At 8 years of follow-up, compared with the stable progression trajectory, the rapid progression trajectory was associated with a 6.92 times higher risk of developing pathological myopic macular degeneration (defined as diffuse or patchy chorioretinal atrophy or macular atrophy; odds ratio, 6.92 [95% CI, 1.07-44.60]; P = .04), and it was associated with a 0.032 logMAR decrease in best-corrected visual acuity (β = 0.032 [95% CI, 0.001-0.063]; P = .04).Conclusions and RelevanceThe findings of this 8-year follow-up study suggest that axial length in high myopia continues to increase from childhood to late adulthood following 3 distinct trajectories. At 8 years of follow-up, the rapid progression trajectory was associated with a higher risk of developing pathological myopic macular degeneration and poorer best-corrected visual acuity compared with the stable progression trajectory. These distinct axial elongation trajectories could prove valuable for early identification and intervention for high-risk individuals.
Oral Cavity Cancer Surgical and Nodal Management
Authors: Eskander Antoine , Dziegielewski Peter T. , Patel Mihir R. , Jethwa Ashok R. , Pai Prathamesh S. , Silver Natalie L. , Sajisevi Mirabelle , Sanabria Alvaro , Doweck Ilana , Khariwala Samir S. , St. John Maie 
Published: December 2023

ImportanceLymph node metastases from oral cavity cancers are seen frequently, and there is still inconsistency, and occasional controversies, regarding the surgical management of the neck in patients with oral cancer. This review is intended to offer a surgically focused discussion of the current recommendations regarding management of the neck, focusing on the indications and extent of dissection required in patients with oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma while balancing surgical risk and oncologic outcome.ObservationsThe surgical management of the neck for oral cavity cancer has been robustly studied, as evidenced by substantial existing literature surrounding the topic. Prior published investigations have provided a sound foundation on which data-driven treatment algorithms can generally be recommended.ConclusionsExisting literature suggests that patients with oral cavity cancer should be fully staged preoperatively, and most patients should receive a neck dissection even when clinically N0. Quality standards supported by the literature include separation of each level during specimen handling and lymph node yield of 18 or more nodes. Sentinel lymph node biopsy can be considered in select tumors and within a well-trained multidisciplinary team.
Emancipatory Pragmatics
Authors: Saft Scott 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Emancipatory Pragmatics focuses on the description of linguistic practices in languages other than Euro‐American majority languages in an effort to integrate diverse voices into the field of pragmatics. Emancipatory Pragmatics recognizes the contributions of well‐known theoretical perspectives such as Grice's theory of conversational implicature, speech act theory, politeness theory, and relevance theory, but it also seeks to establish theories of linguistic practice not based primarily on English and other Euro‐American languages. As an example, this entry describes current work in Emancipatory Pragmatics that utilizes
ba‐
theory as an approach to context. Using pronoun usage in Japanese, Hawaiian, and English as an example, the entry illustrates how such an approach can inform understanding of the dialogic processes through which categorical distinctions emerge in social interaction.
Urea Electrosynthesis Accelerated by Theoretical Simulations
Authors: Liu Junxian , Guo Xiangyu , Frauenheim Thomas , Gu Yuantong , Kou Liangzhi 
Published: December 2023

AbstractUrea is not only a primary fertilizer in modern agriculture but also a crucial raw material for the chemical industry. In the past hundred years, the prevailing industrial synthesis of urea heavily relies on the Bosch–Meiser process to couple NH3 and CO2 under harsh conditions, resulting in high carbon emissions and energy consumption. The conversion of carbon‐ and nitrogen‐containing species into urea through electrochemical reactions under ambient conditions represents a sustainable strategy. Despite the increasing reports on urea electrosynthesis, a comprehensive review that delves into a profound, atomic‐level comprehension of the fundamental reaction mechanisms is currently absent. In this Perspective, recent advancements in electrochemical urea synthesis from CO2/CO and various nitrogenous species (i.e., N2, NOx−, and NO) under ambient conditions are presented, with special emphasis on theoretical understanding of the C─N coupling reaction mechanisms. Several key strategies to facilitate the C─N coupling are then pinpointed, which not only enhance their applicability in practical experiments but also highlight the significant progress achieved in this field. At the end, the major obstacles and potential opportunities in advancing urea electrosynthesis accelerated by theoretical simulations and in situ techniques are discussed. This review is hoped to act as a roadmap to ignite fresh insights and inspiration for the development of electrocatalytic urea synthesis.
Self‐Assembled 3D N/P/S‐Tridoped Carbon Nanoflower with Highly Branched Carbon Nanotubes as Efficient Bifunctional Oxygen Electrocatalyst Toward High‐Performance Rechargeable Zn‐Air Batteries
Authors: Chang Hui , Liu Xinyu , Zhao Shan , Liu Zonglin , Lv Ruitao , Zhang Qianyu , Yi Ting‐Feng 
Published: December 2023

AbstractHeteroatom doping and 3D nanostructures with large specific surface area and hierarchical porous structure can synergically improve oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER). In this study, the 3D N/P/S‐tridoped nanoflower with highly branched carbon nanotubes bifunctional catalyst (Co/SP‐NC) is prepared by a simple self‐assembly pyrolysis method. The powerful driving force of coordination interaction of ammonium ion can promote the self‐assembly of 2D ZnCo‐ZIF nanosheets into 3D ZnCo/S‐ZIF nanoflowers at room temperature stirring. The 3D ZnCo/S‐ZIF nanoflower surface is driven by sodium hypophosphite to form highly branched carbon nanotubes during the pyrolysis process. Moreover, Density functional theory (DFT) calculations also confirm that the simultaneous introduction of N/P/S can promote the redistribution of electron density at the catalyst interface. The proper P‐doping not only enhances the electronic conductivity of the substrate, but also facilitates the charge transfer in the OER/ORR process. Therefore, Co/SP‐NC cathode assembled zinc‐air batteries (ZABs) have a higher power density (187 mW cm−2), a larger specific capacity (801 mAh gZn−1) and excellent cycle stability compared to Pt/C‐RuO2 assembled ZABs. This work will pave the way to regulate the components interactions by designing 3D hierarchical porous structures.