bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Developing incentive mechanisms for long-term and short-term technological innovation in major engineering projects using principal-agent theory
Authors: Zhu Jianbo , Chen Jialong , Jin Wenliang , Li Qiming 
Published: November 2023

PurposePromoting technological innovation is important to address the complexity of major engineering challenges. Technological innovations include short-term innovations at the project level and long-term innovations that can enhance competitive advantages. The purpose of this study is to develop an incentive mechanism for the public sector that considers short-term and long-term efforts from the private sector, aiming to promote technological innovation in major engineering projects.Design/methodology/approachThis study constructs an incentive model considering the differences in short-term and long-term innovation efforts from the private sector. This model emphasizes the spillover effect of long-term efforts on current projects and the cost synergy effect between short-term and long-term efforts. It also explores the factors influencing the optimal incentive strategies for the public sector and innovation strategies for the private sector.FindingsThe results indicate that increasing the output coefficient of short-term and long-term efforts and reducing the cost coefficient not only enhance the innovation efforts of the private sector but also prompt the public sector to increase the incentive coefficient. The spillover effect of long-term innovation efforts and the synergy effect of the two efforts are positively related to the incentive coefficient for the public sector.Originality/valueThis research addresses the existing gap in understanding how the public sector should devise incentive mechanisms for technological innovation when contractors acting as the private sector are responsible for construction within a public-private partnership (PPP) model. In constructing the incentive mechanism model, this study incorporates the private sector's short-term efforts at the project level and their long-term efforts for sustained corporate development, thus adding considerable practical significance.
Let the facts speak, not the pictures: an experimental survey on rape narratives
Authors: Focacci Chiara Natalie , Lam Pak Hung 
Published: November 2023

Purpose According to statistics by the US National Sexual Violence Resource Center, more than 50% of women claim they have been raped by an intimate partner or an acquaintance. In this experiment, the authors test whether exposing individuals to different types of images portraying the victim and their perpetrator influences individuals' perception of (1) the perpetrator's deserved punishment and (2) the role played by the victim in her rape.Design/methodology/approach In an experimental survey, the authors randomly treat groups of individuals with manipulated facial and physical expressions of the same photographs.Findings The authors find that news about rape are more or less effective in uncovering the seriousness of the crime independent of the pictures accompanying them, suggesting media should avoid their misusage.Originality/value While the role of the narrative of rape has been extensively discussed in the literature from a theoretical perspective, this research provides original evidence based on actual behavioural response.
A conceptual framework for a new service model: digital servitization with an Industrial 4.0 perspective
Authors: Adsiz Tilbe , Ozturkoglu Yucel 
Published: November 2023

Purpose
Recently, increasing costs and competitive pressure have accelerated the search for different business models in both the production and service sectors. The rapid development of technology has increased the importance of digitalization, especially in developing new and different strategies. The digital service business model has also become a new business model that companies have recently preferred. In addition to its many advantages, it is a business model in which different barriers arise in practice. When we look at the literature, there are very few studies, especially on digital servitization. The purpose of this study is to integrate the concept of digital servitization with the Industry 4.0 perspective.

Design/methodology/approach
To achieve this aim, first, the authors identify various challenges and barriers in front of digital servitization based on the Industry 4.0 perspective. Later, they determine the relative importance of these barriers critical to the success of digital servitization. Lastly, one multi-criteria decision-making method, the fuzzy decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory method, is used to analyze the cause-and-effect relationship between each barrier based on the Industry 4.0 perspective

Findings
Based on the results, the most crucial cause-and-effect barriers are insufficient infrastructure/lack of IT infrastructure and high implementation, respectively. Therefore, this study offers the reader the possible barriers to sustainable digital servitization with Industry 4.0 perspective implementations and comprehensive solutions for these barriers. In addition, this study draws a roadmap for disseminating digital service applications.

Originality/value
There is no study, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, about determining barriers and problems with merging digital servitization with the Industry 4.0 perspective. So, there is still a significant gap in the literature about investigating these two essential topics from the Industry 4.0 perspective.
Anti‐inflammatory and antioxidative actions of tacrolimus (FK506) on human microglial HMC3 cell line
Authors: Kocanci Fatma Gonca , Goksu Azize Yasemin 
Published: November 2023

AbstractMicroglial cells are indispensable for the normal development and functioning of neurons in the central nervous system, where they play a crucial role in maintaining brain homeostasis by surveilling the microenvironment for signs of injury or stress and responding accordingly. However, in neurodegenerative diseases, the density and phenotypes of microglial cells undergo changes, leading to chronic activation and inflammation. Shifting the focus from neurons to microglia in drug discovery for neurodegenerative diseases has become an important therapeutic target. This study was aimed to investigate the potential of Tacrolimus (FK506) an FDA‐approved calcineurin inhibitor, to modulate the pathology of neurodegenerative diseases through anti‐inflammatory and antioxidative effects on microglial activation. The human microglia clone 3 (HMC3) cells were exposed to 1 μg/mL LPS in the presence and absence of doses of FK506. Survival rates of cells were determined using the 3‐(4,5‐Dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide (MTT) method. Morphological evaluation of cells showed that FK506 restored the normal morphology of activated microglia. Furthermore, FK506 treatment increases the total antioxidant capacity and reduces the total oxidative capacity, indicating its potential antioxidant effects. Data from ELISA and RT‐PCR analyses showed that LPS abolished its promoting effects on the release of proinflammatory IL‐1β and IL‐6 cytokines in HMC3 cells, reflecting the anti‐inflammatory effect of FK506. These findings support the idea that FK506 could be a promising therapeutic agent for neurodegenerative diseases by modulating microglial activation and reducing inflammation and oxidative stress.
Historical associations and spatiotemporal changes of pathogen presence in ticks in Canada: A systematic review
Authors: Crandall Kirsten E. , Millien Virginie , Kerr Jeremy T. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundStarting in the early 20th century, ticks and their pathogens have been detected during surveillance efforts in Canada. Since then, the geographic spread of tick vectors and tick‐borne pathogens has steadily increased in Canada with the establishment of tick and host populations. Sentinel surveillance in Canada primarily focuses on Ixodes scapularis, which is the main vector of Borrelia burgdorferi, the bacterium causing Lyme disease. Other tick‐borne pathogens, such as Anaplasma, Babesia, and Rickettsia species, have lower prevalence in Canada, but they are emerging or re‐emerging in tick and host populations.Aims/Materials & MethodsHere, we assessed the historical associations between tick vectors, hosts and pathogens and identified spatiotemporal clusters of pathogen presence in ticks in Canada using data extracted from the literature.ResultsApproximately one‐third of ticks were infected with a pathogen, and these ticks were feeding primarily on bird and mammal hosts. B. burgdorferi was the most detected pathogen and I. scapularis harboured the greatest number of pathogens. We identified several spatial outliers of high pathogen presence in ticks in addition to five spatiotemporal clusters in southern Canada, all of which have long‐established tick populations. Six spatiotemporal clusters of high pathogen presence in ticks were also identified based on surveillance method, with four clusters associated with passive surveillance and two clusters associated with active surveillance.DiscussionOur review represents the first systematic assessment of the literature that identifies historical associations and spatiotemporal changes in tick‐host‐pathogen disease systems in Canada over broad spatial and temporal scales.ConclusionAs distinct spatiotemporal clusters were identified based on surveillance method, it is imperative that surveillance efforts employ standardized methods and data reporting to comprehensively assess the presence, spread and risk of tick‐borne pathogens in tick and host populations.
Systemic infusion of TLR3-ligand and IFN-α in patients with breast cancer reprograms local tumor microenvironments for selective CTL influx
Authors: Gandhi Shipra , Opyrchal Mateusz , Grimm Melissa J , Slomba Ronald T , Kokolus Kathleen M , Witkiewicz Agnieszka , Attwood Kristopher , Groman Adrienne , Williams Lauren , Tarquini Mary Lynne , Wallace Paul K , Soh Kah Teong , Minderman Hans , Maguire Orla , O’Connor Tracey L , Early Amy P , Levine Ellis G , Kalinski Pawel 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundPresence of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) in the tumor microenvironment (TME) predicts the effectiveness of cancer immunotherapies. The ability of toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) ligands, interferons (IFNs) and COX2 inhibitors to synergistically induce CTL-attracting chemokines (but not regulatory T cell (Treg)-attractants) in the TME, but not in healthy tissues, observed in our preclinical studies, suggested that their systemic application can reprogram local TMEs.MethodsSix evaluable patients (33–69 years) with metastatic triple-negative breast cancer received six doses of systemic chemokine-modulating (CKM) regimen composed of TLR3 ligand (rintatolimod; 200 mg; intravenous), IFN-α2b (20 MU/m2; intravenous) and COX2 inhibitor (celecoxib; 2×200 mg; oral) over 2 weeks. The predetermined primary endpoint was the intratumoral change in the expression of CTL marker, CD8α, in the post-CKM versus pre-CKM tumor biopsies. Patients received follow-up pembrolizumab (200 mg, intravenously, every 3 weeks), starting 3–8 days after completion of CKM.ResultsPost-CKM biopsies showed selectively increased CTL markers CD8α (average 10.2-fold, median 5.5-fold, p=0.034) and granzyme B (GZMB; 6.1-fold, median 5.8-fold, p=0.02), but not FOXP3 (Treg marker) relative to HPRT1 expression, resulting in the increases in average CD8α/FOXP3 ratio and GZMB/FOXP3 ratio. CKM increased intratumoral CTL-attractants CCL5 and CXCL10, but not Treg-attractants CCL22 or CXCL12. In contrast, CD8+T cells and their CXCR3+subset showed transient decreases in blood. One clinical response (breast tumor autoamputation) and three stable diseases were observed. The patient with clinical response remains disease free, with a follow-up of 46 months as of data cut-off.ConclusionsShort-term systemic CKM selectively increases CTL numbers and CTL/Treg ratios in the TME, while transiently decreasing CTL numbers in the blood. Transient effects of CKM suggest that its simultaneous application with checkpoint blockade and other forms of immunotherapy may be needed for optimal outcomes.
Prognostic value of ECG monitor findings in COVID-19
Authors: Hashimoto Hidenobu , Hiyoshi Yasunaga , Kabuki Takayuki , Sasaki Hideto , Toda Mikihito 
Published: November 2023

AimsCOVID-19 can cause severe illness and multiorgan dysfunction. Acute myocardial damage has been detected in a significant portion of patients with COVID-19; therefore, several studies have reported that electrocardiographic findings could be used to evaluate the severalty of COVID-19. However, performing standard ECG for each patient hospitalised with COVID-19 can increase the level of exposure to COVID-19 among medical staff. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the prognostic value of continuous electrocardiographic monitor findings in patients with COVID-19.MethodsAmong 1612 consecutive patients with COVID-19 who were admitted to our hospital between August 2021 and May 2022, we identified 96 (76±4 years) patients who underwent electrocardiographic monitor during hospitalisation. All electrocardiographic monitors were analysed by two independent cardiologists blinded to the clinical data of the patients. The endpoint was defined as the occurrence of all-cause mortality related to COVID-19. The event data were retrospectively gathered from the patients’ medical records. A multivariate Cox model was used to assess whether these electrocardiographic monitor findings and clinical data were associated with in-hospital mortality.ResultsDuring a mean hospitalisation period of 22.8±3.2 days, in-hospital mortality occurred in 17 (18%) patients. Atrial fibrillation (HR: 3.95, 95% CI: 1.39 to 11.21) and lung disease complications (HR: 2.91, 95% CI: 1.06 to 7.98) were significant prognostic factors for death in multivariate analysis. Compared with the non-complicated lung disease and non-atrial fibrillation group, the risk of mortality was significantly higher in the lung disease complication and atrial fibrillation group in the multivariate Cox proportional model (HR: 8.37, 95% CI: 1.69 to 41.30, p=0.009).ConclusionsThe simple method of ECG monitor could adequately detect atrial fibrillation. This study demonstrated that atrial fibrillation complicated with lung disease, could have potential prognostic value among patients with COVID-19.
Samba Yaye’s Tata: Archaeology and History of an Endogenous Fortification in Eastern Senegal
Authors: Aymeric-Nsangou Jacques , Loukou Yao Serge Bonaventure 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In West Africa, research has brought to light the remains of endogenous fortifications, some of which are called tata, built by West African communities during the last centuries of our era. Despite their importance, tata are generally examined only from a historical perspective or approached as components of global facts rather than as an object of study by themselves. As a result, little is known about the structures themselves and their roles in local history. This paper is an archaeological and historical study of a tata in Senegal. We first have a brief knowledge review of tata in the area where the fortifications are known under this name. Then, we present the archaeological and historical study of the tata of Samba Yaye. Finally, we discuss the causes and some technical aspects of the construction of the Samba Yaye tata, while integrating this site into the chrono-cultural sequence of the region.
The Duty of Care of Individuals for ghg Emissions under Dutch Tort Law
Authors: Hoops Björn 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In 2021 the District Court of The Hague ordered Royal Dutch Shell to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions by 45% until 2030. The Court emphasised the relevance of each individual reduction to the fight against global warming, raising the question of whether also individuals have a duty of care to reduce their emissions. Applying the considerations of the Court to individuals, this contribution first argues that as human rights not only protect the victims of global warming but also individuals meeting their needs through emissions, individuals do not bear such a duty of care. However, we may soon observe the gradual development of a social norm outlawing excessive emissions for non-basic needs. This contribution goes on to argue that the tort law liability of individuals for their ghg emissions would also not be desirable from a law-and-economics perspective. It would be more effective and less costly to hold big companies liable or to impose emission standards or carbon taxes.
Trichoderma orarium (Hypocreales): a new species from Taiwan
Authors: WEI YU-HUI , LIOU GUEY-YUH , TZEAN SHEAN-SHONG , HSIEH SUNG-YUAN 
Published: November 2023

Trichoderma spp. are widely distributed worldwide. Members of Trichoderma have been shown to play a significant role in the biocontrol of plant disease, as well as the industrial production of enzymes and antibiotics, and as a mycoparasite of edible fungi. In this study, a new species, Trichoderma orarium, is introduced and illustrated. This new species was isolated from coastal soil in Northeastern Taiwan and identified based on morphological characteristics and multi-gene sequence analyses of three loci (ITS, tef1, and rpb2). The phylogenetic analyses revealed that T. orarium belongs to the Harzianum clade. Distinctions between the new species and its close relatives are discussed in detail.
Comparative bone healing with induced membrane technique (IMT) versus empty defects in septic and aseptic conditions in a novel rabbit humerus model
Authors: Siverino Claudia , Vanvelk Niels , Nehrbass Dirk , Mischler Dominic , Geoff Richards Robert , Morgenstern Mario , Zeiter Stephan , Arens Daniel , Fintan Moriarty Thomas 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Long bone defects resulting from primary trauma or secondary to debridement of fracture-related infection (FRI) remain a major clinical challenge. One approach often used is the induced membrane technique (IMT). The effectiveness of the IMT in infected versus non-infected settings remains to be definitively established. In this study we present a new rabbit humerus model and compare the IMT approach between animals with prior infection and non-infected equivalents.

Methods
A 5 mm defect was created in the humerus of New Zealand White rabbits (n = 53) and fixed with a 2.5 mm stainless steel plate. In the non-infected groups, the defect was either left empty (n = 6) or treated using the IMT procedure (PMMA spacer for 3 weeks, n = 6). Additionally, both approaches were applied in animals that were inoculated with Staphylococcus aureus 4 weeks prior to defect creation (n = 5 and n = 6, respectively). At the first and second revision surgeries, infected and necrotic tissues were debrided and processed for bacteriological quantification. In the IMT groups, the PMMA spacer was removed 3 weeks post implantation and replaced with a beta-tricalcium phosphate scaffold and bone healing observed for a further 10 weeks. Infected groups also received systemic antibiotic therapy. The differences in bone healing between the groups were evaluated radiographically using a modification of the radiographic union score for tibial fractures (RUST) and by semiquantitative histopathology on Giemsa-Eosin-stained sections.

Results
The presence of S. aureus infection at revision surgery was required for inclusion to the second stage. At the second revision surgery all collected samples were culture negative confirming successful treatment. In the empty defect group, bone healing was increased in the previously infected animals compared with non-infected controls as revealed by radiography with significantly higher RUST values at 6 weeks (p = 0.0281) and at the end of the study (p = 0.0411) and by histopathology with increased cortical bridging (80% and 100% in cis and trans cortical bridging in infected animals compared to 17% and 67% in the non-infected animals). With the IMT approach, both infected and non-infected animals had positive healing assessments.

Conclusion
We successfully developed an in vivo model of bone defect healing with IMT with and without infection. Bone defects can heal after an infection with even better outcomes compared to the non-infected setting, although in both cases, the IMT achieved better healing.
Comparative evaluation of effect of sodium hypochlorite and chlorhexidine in dental unit waterline on aerosolized bacteria generated during dental treatment
Authors: Patil Rutuja , Hindlekar Ajit , Jadhav Ganesh R. , Mittal Priya , Humnabad Vamshi , Di Blasio Marco , Cicciù Marco , Minervini Giuseppe 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
In dentistry, nosocomial infection poses a great challenge to clinicians. The microbial contamination of water in dental unit waterlines (DUWLs) is ubiquitous. Such infected DUWLs can transmit oral microbes in the form of aerosols. Previous studies have suggested treating DUWLs with various disinfectants to reduce cross-contamination. The literature lacks a comparative evaluation of the effect of the use of 0.2% chlorhexidine (CHX) and 0.1% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) in DUWLs on aerosolized bacteria generated during dental procedures.

Objective
To compare the effect of NaOCl and CHX in DUWLs on aerosolized bacteria generated during restorative and endodontic procedures.

Materials and methods
A total of 132 patients were equally divided into three groups (n = 44 in each group) according to the content of DUWL as follows.
Group I—0.1% NaOCl
Group II—0.2% CHX
Group III—distilled water (Positive control)
One-way ANOVA was performed and the Kruskal–Wallis test was used for intergroup comparison.

Results
For the restorative procedure, inter-group comparison of mean colony-forming units (CFU) scores showed a statistically significant difference between the groups (p
- .001) with the score of group 3 higher than group 2 followed by group 1. For the endodontics, an inter-group comparison of CFU scores showed a statistically significant difference between the groups (p
- .003) with the mean score in group 1 being the lowest and group 3 being the highest.

Conclusion
The addition of NaOCl or CHX in DUWLs shows an effective reduction in aerosolized bacteria compared to distilled water.
Detection of HHV-6 Virus in specimen of a ductal pancreatic adenocarcinoma with comparison in tumor and normal tissue
Authors: Warkentin S. , Braunschweig T. A. , Jonigk D. , Losen I. , Cassataro M. A. , Kleines M. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Aims
The association of human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) species with pancreatic cancer is controversially discussed. The aim of this study was to further investigate the postulated association and to identify the basis of HHV-6 DNA positivity reported for pancreatic cancer tissue.

Methods
All samples of patients with pancreatic cancer (cancer and surrounding tissue) were analyzed for presence of HHV-6 DNA by PCR and then selected cases by immunohistochemistry.

Results
Sixty eight per cent (68% = 52/77) of all patients were HHV-6 DNA positive in any of the samples, 49% (38/77) were positive in tumor tissue. Specimens of just one patient were HHV-6A DNA positive, all other patients were positive for HHV-6B. Immunohistochemical analysis of HHV-6 DNA positive samples did not reveal any specific HHV-6B protein positive tumor cell. In contrast, supposed immune cells presented intra- and peritumorally expressed HHV-6B-protein. The cause of presence of these cells in the tumor stroma is unknown, as of yet.

Conclusions
HHV-6 DNA-positivity of pancreatic cancer tissue described by us and others is probably not due to the infection of pancreatic cells by HHV-6, but rather due to the migration of HHV-6 positive immune cells into the pancreas. Based on our data, we suppose that there is no direct evidence for HHV-6 as a causative agent of pancreatic cancer, but further in-depth studies (including investigation of immune status of patients) are necessary to make definitive conclusions.