bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increased susceptibility to low density lipoprotein oxidation in women with a history of pre‐eclampsia
Authors: Gratacós Eduard , Casals Elena , Gómez Olga , Llurba Elisa , Mercader Imma , Cararach Vicenç , Cabero Lluıacute;s 
Published: December 2003

Objectives
To evaluate the susceptibility to oxidation of low density lipoprotein (LDL) in women with a history of pre‐eclampsia.Design
A case–control study.Setting
The departments of obstetrics and gynaecology at two university teaching hospitals.Population
Women delivering one to three years before enrolment, 35 who were diagnosed with severe pre‐eclampsia and 35 controls matched for age, body mass index (BMI), smoking and parity.Methods
Plasma samples were analysed for total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides and lipoprotein A. The in vitro susceptibility to oxidation of LDL was measured and expressed in minutes (lag time). Results are expressed as mean and standard deviation.Main outcome measures
Serum lipid profile and in vitro susceptibility to oxidation of LDL.Results
Mean LDL cholesterol (116 [37] vs 98 [20] mg/dL, P < 0.05) and trygliceride (112 [56] vs 78 [38] mg/dL, P < 0.05) levels were significantly higher in the groups of women who had pre‐eclampsia compared with controls. The rest of the measured lipid parameters were similar between the two study groups. The susceptibility to oxidation of LDL was also significantly higher in the pre‐eclampsia group (lag time: 37.9 [8.4] vs 44.8 [9.1] minutes, P < 0.01).Conclusion
Women with a history of pre‐eclampsia have significant differences in lipid parameters and an increased susceptibility to lipoprotein oxidation when compared with women who had a normal pregnancy one to three years after delivery.
Does perineal suturing make a difference? The SUNS trial
Authors: Fleming Valerie E.M. , Hagen Suzanne , Niven Catherine 
Published: December 2003

Objective
To examine differences in outcome between primiparous women who do and who do not have suturing to first or second degree perineal lacerations sustained during spontaneous vaginal births after 37 weeks of gestation.Design
Parallel group randomised controlled trial.Setting
Bellshill Maternity Hospital, Lanarkshire, and St John's Hospital, Livingston.Population
Primigravidae with perineal lacerations following spontaneous birth.Methods
One thousand and three hundred fourteen women were recruited to the trial antenatally from whom 74 were randomised either to be sutured or not sutured immediately after giving birth. Randomisation was stratified by degree of tear.Main outcome measures
Using standardised measures, perineal pain and healing were measured at 1 and 10 days and 6 weeks postpartum. In addition, postnatal depression was assessed at 10 days and 6 weeks postpartum.Results
Findings indicated that there were no significant differences between the groups with regard to pain or depression but there were differences with regard to healing. At six weeks, there remained a significant difference in wound closure between the groups, with women who had not been sutured having poorer wound approximation.Conclusions
While acknowledging the small sample size, the results are nonetheless important, showing persistent evidence of poorer wound approximation in those women who had not been sutured. Practitioners need to review the present practices of not suturing perineal lacerations until research examining the longer term implications is undertaken.
Influence on fetal blood pH when adding amniotic fluid: an in vitro model
Authors: Lösch Alexander , Kainz Christian , Kohlberger Petra , Heinze Georg , Hefler Lukas , Lahodny Johann , Tempfer Clemens 
Published: December 2003

Objective
To assess the effect of contamination with amniotic fluid in different quantities on fetal capillary blood pH.Design
In vitro model.Setting
Department of Obstetrics, St Pölten Hospital.Sample
Venous umbilical blood and amniotic fluid from 35 women who underwent amniotomy during labour.Methods
Venous umbilical blood was mixed in vitro with amniotic fluid in diluted series (venous umbilical blood/amniotic fluid, 10:1 to 1:1). In every case two parallel runs of the dilution series in an inverted fashion were performed to rule out a possible time‐dependent bias of the pH measurements.Main outcome measures
pH change in dilutions of umbilical venous blood with amniotic fluid: 10:1, +0.07 (0.02); 8:1, +0.08 (0.02); 6:1, +0.08 (0.03); 4:1, +0.07 (0.02); 2:1, +0.09 (0.03); 1:1, +0.12 (0.05); all P < 0.001.Results
Amniotic fluid pH increases, whereas umbilical blood pH decreases slightly over time since collection. Dilutions of umbilical venous blood with amniotic fluid resulted in a significant pH rise. There was no significant difference between the two inversely performed dilution series.Conclusion
Amniotic fluid influences in vitro fetal venous blood pH immediately after contact. This observation indicates the possible masking of a fetus in distress by fetal scalp blood pH determination when amniotic fluid contaminates the sample.
Ovarian stromal hyperplasia and ovarian vein steroid levels in relation to endometrioid endometrial cancer
Authors: Jongen V.H.W.M. , Hollema H. , van der Zee A.G.J. , Santema J.G. , Heineman M.J. 
Published: December 2003

Objective
To study the relationship between the presence of endometrioid endometrial cancer, the degree of ovarian stromal hyperplasia and ovarian steroid production in postmenopausal women.Design
Retrospective and prospective study, respectively.Setting
Medical Centre Leeuwarden and the University Hospital Groningen, The Netherlands.Population
Postmenopausal women with or without endometrial cancer, undergoing a hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo‐oophorectomy.Methods
In 112 women with endometrioid endometrial cancer, 47 women with a benign gynaecological condition and 10 women with non‐endometrioid endometrial cancer, the degree of ovarian stromal hyperplasia was scored retrospectively on a semi‐quantitative scale (atrophy, slight, marked). All women were postmenopausal and had undergone a hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo‐oophorectomy. Prospectively, blood sampling from the ovarian veins was performed in a further 60 women. Steroid levels (oestrone, oestradiol, androstenedione, testosterone) were determined and related to the degree of ovarian stromal hyperplasia and the presence (n= 52) or absence (n= 8) of endometrioid endometrial cancer.Main outcome measures
Degree of ovarian stromal hyperplasia and steroid levels in the utero‐ovarian circulation.Results
In the retrospective study, the degree of ovarian stromal hyperplasia was higher in the presence of endometrioid endometrial cancer (P= 0.0001). The prospective study showed that an increasing degree of ovarian stromal hyperplasia was related to higher ovarian levels of both testosterone and androstenedione (P < 0.05 and P < 0.005, respectively), but not to oestrone or oestradiol. A non‐significant increase in mean ovarian vein levels of both testosterone and androstenedione was seen in patients with endometrial cancer as compared with patients with benign conditions.Conclusion
In endometrioid endometrial cancer, higher degrees of ovarian stromal hyperplasia were found and with increasing degrees of ovarian stromal hyperplasia, levels of ovarian vein androgens were higher. A causal relationship in the origin of hormone‐dependent endometrial pathology may exist between ovarian stromal hyperplasia, ovarian vein androgen levels and endometrioid endometrial carcinoma.
Pregnancy after EMA/CO for gestational trophoblastic disease: a report from The Netherlands
Authors: Lok C.A.R. , van der Houwen C. , ten Kate‐Booij M.J. , van Eijkeren M.A. , Ansink A.C. 
Published: December 2003

Objective
To investigate whether a desire for pregnancy changed after etoposide, methotrexate, actinomycin D, cyclophosphamide and vincristine (EMA/CO) treatment for gestational trophoblastic disease and whether the incidence of infertility and adverse pregnancy outcome differed from the general population.Design
A cohort study was performed. Data were collected from hospital records and questionnaires.Setting
The study was carried out in referral hospitals in The Netherlands.Population
All women registered by the Dutch Working Party on Trophoblastic Disease and treated with EMA/CO were included.Methods
A questionnaire was sent to all surviving patients treated with EMA/CO from 1986 until 1997. Women who underwent a hysterectomy were excluded from the study.Main outcome measures
Pregnancy outcome and pregnancy wish after chemotherapy.Results
Fifty patients were treated with EMA/CO. In 86%, a complete remission was achieved. A questionnaire was sent to 33 patients. Response rate was 82% (27/33). After EMA/CO, 18 of the patients experienced a regular menstrual cycle. Three patients had an amenorrhoea. Fourteen patients had a pregnancy wish. Twelve patients conceived; 21 pregnancies occurred. Sixteen pregnancies were term deliveries. Two pregnancies ended in a miscarriage and two congenitally abnormal children were delivered prematurely.Conclusion
After EMA/CO, 86% of women with a pregnancy wish achieved pregnancy. However, women can be so anxious about a new pregnancy that they refrain from it. A causative relation between the two congenitally abnormal children and EMA/CO cannot be determined because of the small sample. The rate of miscarriages is not higher than in the general population. We can reassure patients that pregnancy after EMA/CO has a high probability of success and a favourable outcome. To diminish the fear of getting pregnant in some patients, psychosocial care should be considered in addition to medical care.
Interleukin‐18 in cervical mucus and amniotic fluid: relationship to microbial invasion of the amniotic fluid, intra‐amniotic inflammation and preterm delivery
Authors: Jacobsson Bo , Holst Rose‐Marie , Mattsby‐Baltzer Inger , Nikolaitchouk Natalia , Wennerholm Ulla‐Britt , Hagberg Henrik 
Published: December 2003

Objective
To evaluate the relationship between interleukin (IL)‐18 in cervical mucus and amniotic fluid and microbial invasion of amniotic fluid, preterm delivery and intra‐amniotic inflammation in women in preterm labour, with preterm prelabour rupture of membranes and at term.Design
A prospective follow up study.Setting
Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden.Sample
Women with singleton pregnancies (<34 weeks) presenting with preterm labour (n= 87) or preterm prelabour rupture of membranes (n= 47) and women, not in labour, at term (n= 28).Methods
Amniotic fluid was retrieved transabdominally. Cervical mucus was taken from the uterine cervix of women in preterm labour and at term. IL‐18 was analysed with enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay.Main outcome measures
IL‐18 in relation to microbial invasion of the amniotic fluid, delivery within seven days or <34 weeks of gestation and intra‐amniotic inflammation.Results
The levels of IL‐18 in cervical mucus and amniotic fluid were higher in women with preterm labour than in those not in labour at term. In the preterm labour group, significant associations were found between elevated IL‐18 in amniotic fluid and microbial invasion of the amniotic fluid, as well as between delivery within seven days or <34 weeks of gestation and intra‐amniotic inflammation. Delivery was delayed longer in the preterm prelabour rupture of membranes subgroup with IL‐18 ≥1.0 ng/mL than in that with IL‐18 <1.0 ng/mL.Conclusions
In the preterm labour group, high IL‐18 in amniotic fluid (but not in the cervix) was associated with microbial invasion of the amniotic fluid, intra‐amniotic inflammation and prompt delivery. On the other hand, elevated IL‐18 in preterm prelabour rupture of the membranes group correlated with a longer interval to delivery.
A prospective study of the role of ultrasound in the management of adnexal masses in pregnancy
Authors: Zanetta Gerardo , Mariani Eloisa , Lissoni Andrea , Ceruti Patrizia , Trio Diego , Strobelt Nicola , Mariani Silvana 
Published: December 2003

Objective
To assess the clinical relevance of adnexal masses in pregnancy and the usefulness of ultrasound in their management.Design
A prospective study on pregnancy complicated by adnexal masses.Setting
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology in Italy.Population
6636 women with pregnancy in utero followed in our clinic from January 1996 to December 1999.Methods
From 1996 to 1999, all ovarian cysts with a diameter exceeding 3 cm were prospectively recorded and followed. The management was expectant except in case of symptoms or suspected malignant features. Cysts suggestive of borderline tumours were treated expectantly.Main outcome measures
Clinical relevance of adnexal masses in pregnancy, the outcome of these pregnancies and the usefulness of ultrasound examination in their management.Results
We detected 82 cysts in 79 of 6636 women (1.2 in 100 term pregnancies). Sixty‐eight women were asymptomatic at the time of diagnosis, whereas 11 (13.9%) were diagnosed because of pain. Diagnosis occurred in the first trimester for 57 cases and in the second or third trimester in 22 (27.8%). One‐half of the cysts were simple and anechoic at ultrasound. Fifty‐seven had a diameter not exceeding 5 cm. Forty‐two cyst resolved in pregnancy without treatment. Three cysts required surgery within few days (torsion). One woman required laparotomy at the 37th week of gestation, due to torsion. When one case of termination was excluded, 78 women delivered at term (66 vaginally, 12 by caesarean section). Nineteen women underwent surgery after pregnancy. We recorded three Stage Ia borderline tumours, accounting for 3/82 cysts (3.6%) and 3/30 persisting masses (10%).Conclusions
Ultrasound allows definition of ovarian cysts in pregnancy and this positively impacts on management. The incidence of cancer among persistent masses is lower than previously reported. Acute complications in stable cysts are extremely uncommon after the first trimester. An expectant management is successful in the majority of cases and should be considered more often. Routine removal of persistent cysts is not justified.
Randomised comparison of uterine artery Doppler and aspirin (100 mg) with placebo in nulliparous women: the Essai Régional Aspirine Mère–Enfant study (Part 2)
Authors: Subtil Damien , Goeusse Patrice , Houfflin‐Debarge Véronique , Puech Francis , Lequien Pierre , Breart Gérard , Uzan Serge , Quandalle Florence , Delcourt Yves Marie , Malek Yves Marie ,   Essai Régional Aspirine Mère–Enfant (ERASME) Collaborative Group,   Collaborators and participating centres are listed in Part 1 at the end of the report.
Published: December 2003

Objective
To assess the effectiveness of a pre‐eclampsia prevention strategy based on routine uterine artery Doppler flow velocity waveform examination during the second trimester of pregnancy, followed by a prescription for 100 mg aspirin in the case of abnormal Doppler findings.Design
Multicentre randomised controlled trial.Setting
Eleven centres in the north of France and one in Belgium.Population
One thousand and eight hundred and fifty‐three nulliparous women recruited between 14 and 20 weeks of gestation.Methods
Randomisation either to undergo a uterine Doppler examination between 22 and 24 week of gestation or to take a placebo. Women with abnormal Doppler waveforms received 100 mg of aspirin daily from Doppler examination through 36 weeks.Main outcome measures
Pre‐eclampsia was defined as hypertension (≥ 140 and/or 90 mmHg) associated with proteinuria (≥ 0.5 g/L).Results
One thousand two hundred and fifty‐three women (67%) were randomised into the systematic Doppler group and 617 (33%) into the placebo group. Of the 1175 patients in the Doppler group who underwent this examination, 239 (20.3%) had abnormal uterine artery Doppler and received a prescription for aspirin. Despite the aspirin prescription, the frequency of pre‐eclampsia did not differ between the systematic Doppler group and the placebo group (28 of 1237 [2.3%] vs 9 of 616 [1.5%]; RR = 1.55, 95% CI 0.7–3.3). Furthermore, the groups did not differ in the frequency of children who were very small for their gestational age (≤3rd centile) or for perinatal deaths. Compared with patients with normal Doppler findings, those with abnormal Doppler were at high risk of pre‐eclampsia (RR = 5.5, 95% CI 2.5–12.2) and of giving birth to a small‐for‐gestational‐age child (RR = 3.6, 95% CI 1.6–8.1).Conclusion
Despite its sensitivity in screening for pre‐eclampsia, routine uterine Doppler in the second trimester cannot be recommended for nulliparous patients.
Is eye size related to orbit size in human subjects?
Authors: Chau Anson , Fung Karl , Pak Karen , Yap Maurice 
Published: December 2003

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to determine if there is an association between eye size and the volume of the orbit in adult subjects. Thirty‐three subjects with varying degrees of ametropia (+1.00 to −12.75 D) underwent magnetic resonance scan of the orbit. Results show that the larger myopic eye was not associated with a larger orbit.
Schools' Pages
Authors: Robinson Crispin 
Published: December 2003

Great Modern Masters: Duchamp Mulberger, Richard What Makes a Raphael a Raphael? Working with Modern Art Apostolos‐Cappadona, D. Dictionary of Christian Art A Calendar of Art Exhibitions 1997–8 The 20th Century Artbook Williams, Hilary The Genius of Dürer: Video The Bauhaus and Design Today: Slides Hollingsworth, Mary Patronage in Sixteenth‐Century Italy
Feature Reviews
Authors: Lambirth Andrew , Lynton Norbert , Robinson Crispin , Barnes Robert , Wootton David 
Published: December 2003

Peppiat, Michael Francis Bacon: anatomy of an enigmaBlü, A.; Drost, W.; Hargrove, J.; He´ran, E.; Ward‐Jackson, P. and Yarrington, A. The Colour of Sculpture 1840–1910Borsook, E. and Superbi, Gioffredi F. (eds) Italian Altar Pieces 1250–1550Tomkins, Calvin Duchamp: a biographyKnowlson, James Damned to Fame: the Life of Samuel BeckettCronin, Anthony Samuel Beckett: the last modernist
A Book Bag on Chagall
Authors: Railing Patricia 
Published: December 2003

Susan Compton, Alexandra Shatskikh and Monica Bohm‐Duchen Chagall: Love and the StageRoland Doschka (ed.) Marc Chagall: Origins and PathsJacob Ball‐Teshuva Chagall 1887–1985Mikhail Guerman and Sylvie Forestier Marc Chagall — The Land of My Heart: RussiaAleksander Kamensky Chagall: The Russian Year 1907–1922Daniel Marchesseau Chagall: The Art of DreamsBrigitta Höppler Marc Chagall: Life is a Dream
A Bookbag on Victorian Art
Authors: Somerville Rosa 
Published: December 2003

Books reviewed in this article:Christopher Wood Victorian PaintingLionel Lambourne Victorian PaintingEdited by Helen Valentine Art in the Age of Queen Victoria: Treasures from the Royal Academy of Arts Permanent CollectionLene Østermark‐Johansen Sweetness and Strength: The Reception of Michelangelo in Late Victorian EnglandEdited by Tim Barringer and Elizabeth Prettejohn Frederic Leighton: Abtiquity, Renaissance, ModernityChristine Poulson The Quest for the Grail: Arthurian Legand in British Art 1840–1920Terry Parker Golden Hours: The Paintings of Arthur J ElsleyJan Marsh and Pamela Gerrish Nunn Pre‐Raphaelite Women Artists
Visions of Design: Bloomsbury After One Hundred Years
Authors: Bullen J. B. 
Published: December 2003

Books reviewed in this article:Ed by Christopher Green Art Made Modern: Roger Fry's Vision of ArtEd by Richard Stone The Art of BloomsburyMary Ann Caws and Sarah Bird Wright Bloomsbury and France: Art and FriendsSimon Watney The Art of Duncan GrantEd by Tony Bradshaw The Bloomsbury Artists: Prints and Book Design
Seeing Ruskin Whole
Authors: Wootton David 
Published: December 2003

Books reviewed:John Batchelor, John Ruskin. No Wealth but LifeJames S Dearden, John Ruskin: A Life in PicturesRobert Hewson, with Ian Warrell and Stephen Wildman, Ruskin, Turner and the Pre‐RaphaelitesTim Hilton, John Ruskin. The Early YearsTim Hilton, John Ruskin. The Later YearsSarah Quill, Ruskin's Venice: The Stones RevisitedEd by Toshio Watanabe, Ruskin in Japan 1840–1940: Nature for Art, Nature for LifeMichael Wheeler, Ruskin's God
Focus on Vermeer
Authors: Silver Larry , Kafel Anna Bentkowska , Tollfree Eleanor 
Published: December 2003

Books reviewed in this article:Walter Liedtke, Vermeer and the Delft SchoolPhilip Steadman, Vermeer's Camera. Uncovering the Truth Behind the MasterpiecesIvan Gaskell, Vermeer's Wager: Speculations on Art History, Theory and Art Museums
Gender, Post‐Colonialism and the History of Art
Authors: Rowe Dorothy 
Published: December 2003

Books reviewed in this article:Deborah Cherry, Beyond the Frame: Feminism and Visual Culture, Britain 1850–1900Gen Doy, Black Visual Culture: Modernity and PostmodernityMarc Rosen and Susan Pinsky, Mary Cassatt: Prints and Drawings from the Artist's Studio
African Art Today
Authors: Arnold Marion 
Published: December 2003

Books reviewed in this article:Monica Blackmun Visonà, Robin Poynor, Herbert M Cole and Michael D Harris, A History of Art in AfricaPamela McCluskey, Art from Africa: Long Steps Never Broke a BackChrista Clark et al, A Personal Journey: Central African Art from the Lawrence Gussman CollectionSidney Littlefield Kasfir, Contemporary African Art
Venice Reconsidered?
Authors: Neher Gabriele 
Published: December 2003

Books reviewed in this article:Simon Marsden, Venice. City of Haunting DreamsJohn Martin and Dennis Romano (eds), Venice Reconsidered. The History and Civilization of an Italian City–State, 1297–1797Filippo Pedrocco, Visions of Venice. Paintings of the 18th CenturyDavid Rosand, Myths of Venice. The Figuration of a State
Fragments of Berlin and Other Cities
Authors: Rowe Dorothy 
Published: December 2003

Books reviewed in this article:Steven Spier (ed.), Urban Visions Experiencing and Envisioning the CityFilippo Maggia and Gabriele Basilico (eds.), Gabriele Basilico: BerlinJeremy Gilbert–Rolfe with Frank Gehry, Frank Gehry: The City and MusicMolly Donovan (ed.), Christo and Jean–Claude in the Vogel CollectionRuth Eaton, Ideal Cities: Utopianism and the (Un) Built Environment
The Authority of Art: Cultural criticism and the idea of the Royal Academy in mid‐Victorian Britain
Authors: Trodd Colin 
Published: December 2003

In mid‐Victorian Britain the Royal Academy was subject to detailed investigation and valuation by a number of cultural, social and governmental forces. Focusing on the relationship between professional status and cultural power, many of these examinations were concerned with the role played by the Royal Academy in the public exhibition of art and the national education of artists.The purpose of this article is to survey and analyse the rhetorics which organized debates concerning the function and identity of the Royal Academy in the period between 1850 and 1880. Engaging with a range of primary sources – Select Committee Reports, exhibition reviews, critical essays and public speeches – this work addresses the following questions: How was the term ‘professional’ used in definitions of the Royal Academy? To what extent was its privileged position within the social, ceremonial and symbolic landscapes of Victorian culture dependent upon its exploitation of commercial markets? How could the Academy reject the claim that, in establishing the social status of its own membership, it had contrived to return art to the level of trade? Where was the Academy positioned in relation to the discourses of national culture which circulated within Victorian culture?
The Mesdag Panorama: Sheltering the all‐embracing view
Authors: Halkes Petra 
Published: December 2003

The idyllic harmony of nature and culture, represented in the Mesdag Panorama (The Hague, 1881), is seen as a manifestation of a widespread late nineteenth‐century desire to screen out the fragmentary forces of modernity. Hendrik Willem Mesdag used photography as an aid to paint an icon of an idealized world in which the disembodied eye partakes of a unified Whole.Disjunctive elements are found in the painting, however, that betray a repressed awareness that this harmonious world is a fiction, contrasting the temporal, historical perception of everyday life at the Dutch seaside of 1881.