bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recent research progress on modified activated carbon from biomass for the treatment of wastewater: A critical review
Authors: Rathi B. Senthil , M Trisha , S Kaviya Selvi , R Gokul , V Renuka 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWater is one of the most vital substances on the planet that supports and sustains life. One of the most crucial challenges of our time is water. It is a basic need for all living beings. Worldwide, a large amount of wastewater is produced daily from home and industrial sources, creating problems such a water shortage and environmental degradation. Water that has already been utilized is called wastewater. It has been observed that the wastewater released varies in composition according to the kind of industry and the municipal sources. Microorganisms, heavy metals, organic pollutants, pesticides, phthalates, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, emerging contaminants, and potentially dangerous wastes are all present in it. Among the most effective methods for removing these contaminants in recent times is the adsorption phenomenon. The presence of various contaminants in wastewater can be efficiently reduced by the simple, efficient, and affordable process of adsorption. Selection of suitable adsorbent is the crucial technique in this operation of adsorption. A versatile adsorbent is activated carbon (AC). Their maximum surface reactivity, large surface area, and microporous form are what give them their adsorptive capabilities. To enable recovery and filter, eliminate, or change the toxic components from gases and liquid solutions, they are used to purify, decolorize, deodorize, dechlorinate, separate, and concentrate. As a result, a variety of industries are interested in AC for the process of adsorption. This review paper briefs the characteristics of AC and their preparation techniques. It discusses the numerous approaches for modifying the surface of AC with significant adsorption capability. It also emphasizes the usage of AC with the elimination of different toxins found in waste water.
Rhinoscope‐assisted management of nasal hirudiniasis in a dog
Authors: Dhauni Lokesh , Kumar Amit , Singh Manpreet , Kumar Rohit , Tyagi Som P. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractA mixed‐breed mesocephalic male dog, weighing 25 kg, was presented with a medical history of nasal leeches (Dinobdella ferox) affecting both nostrils with the symptoms of laboured breathing, reverse sneezing, intermittent epistaxis and a reduced appetite. The dog underwent a standard clinical examination, haematological and biochemical assessments and radiographic studies to systematically diagnose any anomalies and evaluate its suitability for general anaesthesia. A Karl Storz video‐otoscope featuring a 15 Fr instrument channel was used to conduct anterior rhinoscopy under general anaesthesia. The endoscope was introduced sequentially into each nostril to visualise the nasal cavities and pinpoint the presence of leeches therein. Grasping forceps, guided through the endoscope's integrated instrument channel, were used to extract the leeches from both nasal cavities within a brief timeframe (18 leeches in 16 min) and without encountering substantial challenges. Following the leech removal, a post‐retrieval minor capillary bleeding within the nasal cavities, which was seen from both the nostrils, was controlled by flushing the nostrils with a 1:10,000 adrenaline tartrate solution.
Electro‐mechanical coupling analysis of three‐dimensional embedded braided composite piezoelectric vibration energy harvester
Authors: Zhang Guangshuo , Wei Gaofeng , Meng Xiangxun , Song Ming 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn this article, the piezoelectric patches are embedded into three‐dimensional (3‐D) braided composite material (BCM), and a 3‐D embedded braided composite piezoelectric vibration energy harvester (BCPEH) is designed. The 3‐D embedded BCPEH can be applied in more complex working environments to protecting the piezoelectric patches, and has a longer lifespan. The material parameters of the 3‐D BCM are obtained by analyzing the representative volume units (RVU). Using Hamilton's variational principle, the vibration control equation, and the output voltage and power expression are derived. The influence of excitation frequency, load resistance, and external excitation on the output voltage and power are simulated under different braided angles and embedded depths.
Chern-Simons action and the Carrollian Cotton tensors
Authors: Mišković Olivera , Olea Rodrigo , Petropoulos P. Marios , Rivera-Betancour David , Siampos Konstantinos 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
In three-dimensional pseudo-Riemannian manifolds, the Cotton tensor arises as the variation of the gravitational Chern-Simons action with respect to the metric. It is Weyl-covariant, symmetric, traceless and covariantly conserved. Performing a reduction of the Cotton tensor with respect to Carrollian diffeomorphisms in a suitable frame, one discloses four sets of Cotton Carrollian relatives, which are conformal and obey Carrollian conservation equations. Each set of Carrollian Cotton tensors is alternatively obtained as the variation of a distinct Carroll-Chern-Simons action with respect to the degenerate metric and the clock form of a strong Carroll structure. The four Carroll-Chern-Simons actions emerge in the Carrollian reduction of the original Chern-Simons ascendant. They inherit its anomalous behaviour under diffeomorphisms and Weyl transformations. The extremums of these Carrollian actions are commented and illustrated.
Laminated strand lumber (LSL) potential of Hungarian and Central European hardwoods: a review
Authors: Hasan K. M. Faridul , Bak Miklós , Ahmed Ahmed Altaher Omer , Garab József , Horváth Péter György , Bejó László , Alpár Tibor 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis review paper discusses the potential of laminated strand lumber (LSL) as a structural and building material, with a focus on Hungarian hardwoods such as Turkey oak, hornbeam, beech, and domestic poplar. LSL is an engineered wood product made from thin strands of wood that are glued together in layers. The study compares the physical and mechanical properties of LSL made from these hardwood species with those of other conventional structural materials. In addition, the paper discusses various aspects of LSL such as thermal, morphological, and durability, to provide a comprehensive analysis of the LSL material. Furthermore, a SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats) analysis is conducted to understand the strengths and weaknesses of LSL products. This analysis sheds light on the pros and cons of utilizing LSL crafted from certain hardwoods and provides suggestions for improving their performance in various settings. Overall, the report demonstrates the potential of utilizing LSL made from these particular hardwood species and offers recommendations for future studies to benefit LSL manufacturers and researchers significantly.
Bumblebees display stimulus-specific persistence behaviour after being trained on delayed reinforcement
Authors: Zhou Yonghe , MaBouDi HaDi , Peng Chaoyang , Dona Hiruni Samadi Galpayage , Al-Khudhairy Selene Gutierrez , Chittka Lars , Solvi Cwyn , Peng Fei 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
In uncertain environments, animals often face the challenge of deciding whether to stay with their current foraging option or leave to pursue the next opportunity. The voluntary decision to persist at a location or with one option is a critical cognitive ability in animal temporal decision-making. Little is known about whether foraging insects form temporal expectations of reward and how these expectations affect their learning and rapid, short-term foraging decisions. Here, we trained bumblebees on a simple colour discrimination task whereby they entered different opaque tunnels surrounded by coloured discs (artificial flowers) and received reinforcement (appetitive sugar water or aversive quinine solution depending on flower colour). One group received reinforcement immediately and the other after a variable delay (0–3 s). We then recorded how long bees were willing to wait/persist when reinforcement was delayed indefinitely. Bumblebees trained with delays voluntarily stayed in tunnels longer than bees trained without delays. Delay-trained bees also waited/persisted longer after choosing the reward-associated flower compared to the punishment-associated flower, suggesting stimulus-specific temporal associations. Strikingly, while training with delayed reinforcement did not affect colour discrimination, it appeared to facilitate the generalisation of temporal associations to ambiguous stimuli in bumblebees. Our findings suggest that bumblebees can be trained to form temporal expectations, and that these expectations can be incorporated into their decision-making processes, highlighting bumblebees’ cognitive flexibility in temporal information usage.

Significance statement
The willingness to voluntarily wait or persist for potential reward is a critical aspect of decision-making during foraging. Investigating the willingness to persist across various species can shed light on the evolutionary development of temporal decision-making and related processes. This study revealed that bumblebees trained with delays to reinforcement from individual flowers were able to form temporal expectations, which, in turn, generalised to ambiguous stimuli. These findings contribute to our understanding of temporal cognition in an insect and the potential effects of delayed rewards on foraging behaviour.
Applications of propolis-based materials in wound healing
Authors: El-Sakhawy Mohamed , Salama Ahmed , Tohamy Hebat-Allah S. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractDue to its excellent antiseptic efficacy and antimicrobial properties, propolis has shown attractive advantages in wound dressings. However, an inclusive review of the propolis-based materials as a wound dressing is still lacking. The current short review summarizes the skin wound healing process, relates evaluation parameters, and then reviews the refined propolis-based materials dressings such as antimicrobial property, adhesion and hemostasis, anti-inflammatory and substance delivery. The approaches implemented to achieve these functions are classified and discussed. Furthermore, applications of propolis wound dressing for treating different types of wounds such as heal wounds, burns, and ulcers are presented. The future directions of propolis-based wound dressings for wound healing are further proposed. This review showed that propolis-based materials might be a promising new dressing for wound occlusion and tissue repairing.
Probing the “Dead-Time” in NMR by Combining Single Pulse and Solid Echo Experiments Followed by a Global Model Fit Analysis
Authors: Hansen Eddy Walther 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe main question addressed in this work is how to probe the “effective dead-time” in an NMR instrument, i.e., the time needed to blank the receiver after an rf-pulse excitation to prevent damage to the receiver and to avoid any distortion of the NMR signal being sampled. The strategy is to design a suitable FID-model to fit the single pulse excitation (SPE) and solid echo pulse (SEPS) data (on solid Tricosane) using a Global model-fit analysis technique. The derived dead time is discussed with respect to sampling temperature (25–40 °C) and—in particular—with respect to the number of SEPS data involved in the Global fit analysis by applying the Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC) in combination with more traditional statistical analysis. It is concluded that the “effective dead time” can be determined within a standard error of less than 2.5%.
Quantification of elemental sulfur in pulping liquors by thin-layer chromatography
Authors: Böhmdorfer Stefan , Santner Jakob , Potthast Antje , Rosenau Thomas 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe inorganic sulfur compounds that are used as pulping agents in the production of pulp and paper from wood are converted into a variety of sulfur species during processing. How sulfur is allocated to different streams and products in a pulp mill is relevant for efficient mill operation and to avoid harmful emissions. Pulping liquors are a highly challenging and potentially destructive sample matrix. We describe a thin-layer chromatographic method for the direct quantification of elemental sulfur in pulping liquors. The liquors are spotted (not sprayed!) directly onto the plate without prior purification, extraction, or workup. Sulfur is then eluted with cyclo-hexane and detected by densitometry at 285 nm or fluorescence quenching close to the solvent front. The method was validated for a calibrated range from 60 to 2000 ng sulfur on plate. The limit of detection was determined at 20 ng; measurement uncertainty was about 20%. With this method, 27–54 mg/L elemental sulfur were found in Kraft pulping liquors, which corresponds to 0.24–0.48% of the total sulfur in these samples.
Using geodetic measurements derived terrestrial water storage to investigate the characteristics of drought in Yunnan, China
Authors: Chen Chao , Zou Rong , Fang Zhiwei , Cao Jiaming , Wang Qi 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe use of the global navigation satellite system (GNSS) for monitoring changes in terrestrial water storage (TWS) is growing. However, the density of GNSS stations is sparse in most areas, and the widely used Green’s function (GF) method cannot provide a satisfactory resolution for inversion problems. As the Slepian basis function (SBF) method has been successfully used for gravity inversions, GNSS geodesists have recently applied the SBF method to GNSS displacements. However, the evaluation of TWS differences inferred from GNSS using the SBF and the GF has been rarely assessed. In this study, we use both the GF and the SBF methods to investigate the TWS in Yunnan by using more than ten years (2010–2021) of GNSS observations. We observe a remarkable consistency between the two inversion methods employed for GNSS data, as well as a strong agreement with equivalent water heights (EWH) inferred from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) and GRACE Follow-On (GFO), hydrological model (GLDAS-NOAH), and precipitation data, despite variations in the amplitude. Furthermore, affected by monsoon climate and topography, Yunnan is prone to drought. We analyze the main nine drought events, evaluate the connection between GNSS-inverted TWS during 2010–2021, and find that almost all droughts in Yunnan occurred during the "trough period" within the GNSS-DSI.
Integrating Multicellular Systems: Physiological Control and Degrees of Biological Individuality
Authors: Bich Leonardo 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis paper focuses on physiological integration in multicellular systems, a notion often associated with biological individuality, but which has not received enough attention and needs a thorough theoretical treatment. Broadly speaking, physiological integration consists in how different components come together into a cohesive unit in which they are dependent on one another for their existence and activity. This paper argues that physiological integration can be understood by considering how the components of a biological multicellular system are controlled and coordinated in such a way that their activities can contribute to the maintenance of the system. The main implication of this perspective is that different ways of controlling their parts may give rise to multicellular organizations with different degrees of integration. After defining control, this paper analyses how control is realized in two examples of multicellular systems located at different ends of the spectrum of multicellularity: biofilms and animals. It focuses on differences in control ranges, and it argues that a high degree of integration implies control exerted at both medium and long ranges, and that insofar as biofilms lack long-range control (relative to their size) they can be considered as less integrated than other multicellular systems. It then discusses the implication of this account for the debate on physiological individuality and the idea that degrees of physiological integration imply degrees of individuality.
A Latent Profile Analysis of Greek University Students’ Sexting Profiles: Associations with Big Five Personality Traits
Authors: Kokkinos Constantinos M. , Krommida Christina , Markos Angelos , Voulgaridou Ioanna 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe aim of this study was to examine the associations between sexting profiles and five factor model (FFM) personality traits among Greek university students. A sample of 2913 participants predominantly aged between 18 and 25 years (M = 22; SD = 3.54; 69.6% females) completed a self-report online questionnaire that measured sexting behaviors and FFM traits. Latent profile analysis identified five distinct profiles which were labeled uninvolved, consensual sexters, non-consensual sexters, unwanted sexters, and highly involved sexters. The different sexting profiles were associated with distinct patterns of FFM trait scores. Specifically, the uninvolved scored higher on agreeableness, conscientiousness, and openness than those highly involved in sexting, consensual, non-consensual, and unwanted sexters. Furthermore, those who sent unwanted sexts were more likely to be emotionally unstable than the consensual sexters and those not involved. These findings indicate that sexting behaviors may be related to certain personality traits and emphasize the importance of considering individual differences when studying sexting behaviors. The practical implications of the findings are discussed.
Design displacement for lifelines at fault crossings: the code-based approach for Europe
Authors: Melissianos Vasileios E. , Vamvatsikos Dimitrios , Danciu Laurentiu , Basili Roberto 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe earthquake-resistant design of lifelines, such as pipelines, tunnels and bridges, is based on the reliable representation and estimation of the seismic loading. In the case of lifeline–fault crossings, the design fault displacement is typically derived from estimates based on fault dimensions via empirical fault scaling relations for a given “design” scenario event. This approach comes with an unknown level of safety because the fault productivity and the actual distribution of earthquake events are essentially disregarded. To overcome this challenge, a simplified approach is proposed by statistically analyzing the outcome of probabilistic fault displacement hazard analyses (PFDHAs). A selection of faults from the 2020 European Fault-Source Model is used to build the logic tree and to set the range of parameters considered in the PFDHAs. The methodology allows the (mostly conservative) approximation of the fault displacement corresponding to any given return period based on readily available data, namely fault productivity, fault mechanism, fault length, and lifeline crossing location on the fault. The proposed methodology has been proposed and adopted as an informative Annex in prEN 1998-4:2022.
Video expert assessment of high quality video for Video Assistant Referee (VAR): A comparative study
Authors: Brunnström Kjell , Djupsjöbacka Anders , Billingham Johsan , Wistel Katharina , Andrén Börje , Ozolins Oskars , Evans Nicolas 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe International Football Association Board decided to introduce Video Assistant Referee (VAR) in 2018. This led to the need to develop methods for quality control of the VAR-systems. This article focuses on the important aspect to evaluate the video quality. Video Quality assessment has matured in the sense that there are standardized, commercial products and established open-source solutions to measure it with objective methods. Previous research has primarily focused on the end-user quality assessment. How to assess the video in the contribution phase of the chain is less studied. The novelties of this study are two-fold: 1) The user study is specifically targeting video experts i.e., to assess the perceived quality of video professionals working with video production. 2) Six video quality models have been independently benchmarked against the user data and evaluated to show which of the models could provide the best predictions of perceived quality. The independent evaluation is important to get unbiased results as shown by the Video Quality Experts Group. An experiment was performed involving 25 video experts in which they rated the perceived quality. The video formats tested were High-Definition TV both progressive and interlaced as well as a quarters size format that was scaled down half the size in both width and height. The videos were encoded with both H.264 and Motion JPEG for the full size but only H.264 for the quarter size. Bitrates ranged from 80 Mbit/s down to 10 Mbit/s. We could see that for H.264 that the quality was overall very good but dropped somewhat for 10 Mbit/s. For Motion JPEG the quality dropped over the whole range. For the interlaced format the degradation that was based on a simple deinterlacing method did receive overall low ratings. For the quarter size three different scaling algorithms were evaluated. Lanczos performed the best and Bilinear the worst. The performance of six different video quality models were evaluated for 1080p and 1080i. The Video Quality Metric for Variable Frame Delay had the best performance for both formats, followed by Video Multimethod Assessment Fusion method and the Video Quality Metric General model.
Comparison of patient-reported outcomes measurement information system (PROMIS®)-29 and PROMIS global physical and mental health scores
Authors: Hays Ron D. , Herman Patricia M. , Rodriguez Anthony , Edelen Maria Orlando 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Purpose
The Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement and Information System (PROMIS®): includes the PROMIS-29 physical and mental health summary and the PROMIS global physical and mental health scores. It is unknown how these scores coincide with one another. This study examines whether the scores yield similar or different information.

Methods
The PROMIS-29 and the PROMIS global health items were administered to 5804 adults from Amazon’s Mechanical Turk (MTurk) in 2021–2022 and to 4060 adults in the Ipsos KnowledgePanel (KP) in 2022.

Results
The median age of those in MTurk (KP) was 36 (54) and 53% (50%) were male. Mean T-scores on the PROMIS-29 and PROMIS global physical health scales were similar, but PROMIS global mental health was 3–4 points lower than the PROMIS-29 mental health summary score. Product-moment correlations ranged from 0.69 to 0.81 between the PROMIS-29 physical health and PROMIS global physical health scales and 0.56–0.69 between the mental health scales. Multi-trait multimethod analyses indicated that only a small proportion of the correlations between the two methods of measuring mental health were significantly more highly correlated with one another than correlations between physical and mental health.

Conclusions
PROMIS-29 and PROMIS global mental health scales provide different information and, therefore, study conclusions may vary depending on which measure is used. Interpretation of results needs to consider that the PROMIS-29 mental health scale is a weighted combination of specific domains while the PROMIS global mental health scale is based on general mental health perceptions. Further comparisons of methods of assessing mental health are needed.