bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Insulin Edema Associated With Glargine
Authors: Wood Jessica , Samji Varun , Celi Francesco S , Majety Priyanka 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Insulin edema is a poorly understood complication of insulin therapy. It has been reported in patients with both type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus and typically occurs in patients with newly diagnosed or poorly controlled diabetes mellitus either after initiation or intensification of insulin therapy. A 20-year-old man presented with anorexia, polydipsia, and weight loss. Serum glucose on admission was 824 mg/dL (45.8 mmol/L) and hemoglobin A1c was &gt;14.0. Additional workup was notable for positive anti-IA2 antibodies and low C-peptide of 0.5 ng/mL (1.1-4.4 ng/mL). He was diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus and was started on insulin therapy with glargine and lispro. Within 4 days after insulin initiation, he developed bilateral leg swelling and reported a 25-pound (11.3-kg) weight gain over the next 10 days. After excluding other systemic causes of edema such as heart failure, renal failure, and liver failure, a diagnosis of insulin edema was made. Insulin glargine was switched to insulin degludec. Complete resolution of edema occurred within 3 days of switching the insulins. Insulin edema is a diagnosis of exclusion. Insulin's role in renal sodium handling, vasodilation, and increased vascular permeability have been postulated as possible mechanisms. Clinicians should be aware of this rare complication.
Modified ferriman-gallwey score and hirsutism among normal healthy female population
Authors: Bibi Samina , Malik Suleman Elahi , Zeb Saima , Javed Javeria 
Published: December 2023

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of Hirsutism by using the mFG score and to identify the mean mFG score among the normal healthy female population of Peshawar.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 448 normal healthy married women aged between 20 to 40 years from 14th April 2022 to 13th October 2022 at Hayatabad Medical Complex in Peshawar. The mFG score was used to evaluate Hirsutism, a score of eight or above was regarded as indicative of Hirsutism.
Results: The mean modified Ferriman-Gallwey (mFG) score was 8.89 ± 4.33. 255 (56.9%) of the individuals had a mFG score of more than 8. These people showed mild hirsutism in 52.0% of cases, moderate hirsutism in 4.5% of cases, and severe hirsutism in 0.4% of cases. It was observed that the lower abdomen and thigh region had the highest prevalence of mild to moderate hirsutism, with a considerable number of individuals scoring two and three. Conversely, the back and buttocks showed predominantly minimal to no hirsutism, with the majority of participants scoring 0 and 1. There was no discernible difference in mean mFG scores between age groups, according to statistical analysis (p=0.195). Intriguingly, rates of hirsutism were found to be higher in urban versus rural populations, at 78.7% versus 36.6%, respectively (p<0.01). In addition, 80.3% of people who had a positive family history of hirsutism had a mFG score of 8 or higher.
Conclusion: The prevalence of Hirsutism among the normal healthy female population based on the mFG score was relatively high.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.3.8138
How to cite this: Bibi S, Malik SE, Zeb S, Javed J. Modified ferriman-gallwey score and hirsutism among normal healthy female population. Pak J Med Sci. 2024;40(3):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.3.8138
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES OF MANIPULATIONS AND ABUSE AS FORMS OF UNEQUAL SOCIAL EXCHANGE
Authors: Chuloshnikov Alexey I. 
Published: December 2023

Relevance. Denoted as the presence of deficiency, weak ordering of scientific opinions on classification criteria, differentiation, and description of manipulation and abuse (especially, psychological abuse) processes with current cultural and practical demand.
Objective. A comparative analysis of manipulation and abuse (physical and psychological) phenomena as forms of unequal social exchange, the process and consequences of their implementation in particular was made.
Methodology and basic concepts. The search of relevant literature on the topic with the help of which definitions and criteria describing and differentiating these phenomena were formulated.
Results. As procedural criteria for comparison the author considers the attitude towards subjectivity of an abused/manipulated object (the simulation of subjectivity and its destruction); the influence targets (the motivational sphere, understanding of one’s needs or physical/psychological conditions for the implementation of volition); the subject of exchange (a wide range of possible resources, such as the need for security). As a result, the differences between manipulation and abuse is that in the first case motivational bases of the object’s activity gets distorted, but generally remains functioning, while in the second case the activity is interrupted and violated, and the exploitation implements through the desubjectivation. Thus, the consequences of manipulation are majorly associated with possible disorders of the motivational sphere, while the experienced abuse might affect mental qualities related to volitional functions, which determine not the direction of the one’s activity, but the activity itself, i.e., potentially a wider range of deformed structures.
ENHANCEMENT OF PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCE OF EDUCATIONAL PROFESSIONALS IN THE CONTEXT OF ORGANIZING METHODOLOGICAL SUPPORT
Authors: Belovitskaya Svetlana I. , Epova Nadezhda P. 
Published: December 2023

The article is dedicated to the issues of improving the professional competencies of educational professionals through the organization of methodological support within the framework of creating a unified system of professional development and implementing the “Modern School” federal project.
The authors disclose the specifics of methodological support for educators aimed at identifying professional deficits, employing individual educational route technologies, and developing competence enhancement programs. The authors present a model of organizing methodological support for educational professionals, including a component for future educators, thereby proving the importance of organizing methodological interaction with practicing educators to shape a new type of university graduate capable of continuous professional growth. The authors are convinced that involving educators and students, i.e. future educators, in scientific and methodological events, including joint planning, contributes to the development of analytical skills and methodological culture, enhances professional mastery, fosters the establishment of conscious professional positions, and improves communication formats. Special attention is given by the authors to the application of normative and legal foundations for the organization of a multi-level methodological support system involving various methodological structures, professional communities, and subject associations.
The article is addressed to the faculty and staff of the supplementary professional education system, research workers, doctoral students, teachers, and students of educational institutions, as well as those interested in educational issues in the field of improving the professional competence of educational professionals.
How Large are Predefault Costs of Financial Distress? Estimates from a Dynamic Model
Authors: Elkamhi Redouane , Kim Daniel , Salerno Marco 
Published: December 2023

We estimate the costs of financial distress prior to default (predefault costs) separately from the loss incurred at default (the loss given default) using a dynamic tradeoff model of capital structure. We show that predefault costs account for a large fraction of total distress costs, approximately 64.1%. At the same time, they vary across industries ranging from 32.1% to 75%. We demonstrate that the expected predefault costs of financial distress vary significantly across industries with a range between 3.2% and 8.3% and are higher for small firms relative to larger ones. This paper was accepted by Lukas Schmid, finance. Supplemental Material: The data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.4974 .
Inhibitory control and its modification in spider phobia – Study protocol for an antisaccade training trial
Authors: Hildebrand Anne Sophie , Breuer Fabian , Leehr Elisabeth Johanna , Finke Johannes B. , Bucher Leandra , Klucken Tim , Dannlowski Udo , Roesmann Kati 
Published: December 2023

Objectives
Inhibitory control deficits are considered a key pathogenic factor in anxiety disorders. To assess inhibitory control, the antisaccade task is a well-established measure that assesses antisaccade performance via latencies and error rates. The present study follows three aims: (1) to investigate inhibitory control via antisaccade latencies and errors in an antisaccade task, and their associations with multiple measures of fear in patients with spider phobia (SP) versus healthy controls (HC), (2) to investigate the modifiability of antisaccade performance via a fear-specific antisaccade training in patients with SP and HC, and (3) to explore associations between putative training-induced changes in antisaccade performance in SPs and changes in diverse measures of fear.

Methods
Towards aim 1, we assess antisaccade latencies (primary outcome) and error rates (secondary outcome) in an emotional antisaccade task. Further, the baseline assessment includes assessments of psychophysiological, behavioral, and psychometric indices of fear in patients with SP and HCs. To address aim 2, we compare effects of a fear-specific antisaccade training with effects of a prosaccade training as a control condition. The primary and secondary outcomes are reassessed at a post-1-assessment in both SPs and HCs. Aim 3 employs a cross-over design and is piloted in patients with SP, only. Towards this aim, primary and secondary outcomes, as well as psychophysiological, behavioral, and psychometric measures of fear are reassessed at a post-2-assessment after the second training block.

Conclusion
This study aims to better understand inhibitory control processes and their modifiability in spider phobia. If successful, antisaccade training may assist in the treatment of specific phobia by directly targeting the putative underlying inhibitory control deficits. This study has been preregistered with ISRCTN (ID: ISRCTN12918583) on 28th February 2022.
U.S. nursing home leadership experiences with COVID-19 and its impact on residents and staff: A qualitative analysis
Authors: Dubé Catherine E. , Nielsen Natalia , McPhillips Emily , Lee Hargraves J. , Cosenza Carol , Jesdale Bill , Lapane Kate L. 
Published: December 2023

ObjectivesTo explore experiences of U.S. (United States) nursing home leadership during the COVID-19 pandemic in their efforts to address resident loneliness and social isolation and to elicit stories about personal and professional impacts on themselves and staff.DesignQualitative inquiry via three optional open-ended questions appended to a national self-administered survey of American nursing home leaders was employed. Textual data was analyzed using an iterative reflexive thematic approach.Setting and participantsA stratified sample frame defined by facility size (beds: 30–99, 100+) and quality ratings (1, 2–4, 5) was employed. Web survey links and paper surveys were sent to 1,676 nursing home directors of nursing between February and May 2022.ResultsOpen text responses were collected from 271 nursing homes. Broad themes included: 1) Addressing needs of residents & families; 2) Challenges; and 3) Personal experiences of nursing home leadership/staff. Respondents described trauma to residents, staff, and leadership. Resident loneliness was addressed using existing and newer technologies and innovative indoor and outdoor activities. Residents experienced fear, illness, loss, and sometimes death. Isolation from family and lack of touch were particularly difficult. Regulations were seen as punitive while ignoring emotional needs of residents. Staffing challenges and pressures to do more with less created additional stress. Leadership and staff made significant sacrifices resulting in physical, social, and emotional consequences. Beneficial outcomes included staff bonding, professional growth, and permanent implementation of new interventions.Conclusions and implicationsNew and creative interventions were successfully implemented to address social isolation and loneliness. Improved Wi-Fi and other nursing home infrastructure upgrades are needed to maintain them. Reimagining often conflicting overlapping federal, state, and local regulations, grounding them in good clinical judgement, and incentivizing performance improvement should be considered. Trauma experienced by staff needs to be addressed to deal with current and future workforce needs.
Associations between specialty care and improved outcomes among patients with diabetic foot ulcers
Authors: Liu Yingzhou , Yu Menggang , LaMantia Jamie N. , Mason Lobo Jennifer , Boutilier Justin J. , Liu Yao , Brennan Meghan B. 
Published: December 2023

Objective
Specialty care may improve diabetic foot ulcer outcomes. Medically underserved populations receive less specialty care. We aimed to determine the association between specialty care and ulcer progression, major amputation, or death. If a beneficial association is found, increasing access to specialty care might help advance health equity.

Research design and methods
We retrospectively analyzed a cohort of Wisconsin and Illinois Medicare patients with diabetic foot ulcers (n = 55,409), stratified by ulcer severity (i.e., early stage, osteomyelitis, or gangrene). Within each stratum, we constructed Kaplan-Meier curves for event-free survival, defining events as: ulcer progression, major amputation, or death. Patients were grouped based on whether they received specialty care from at least one of six disciplines: endocrinology, infectious disease, orthopedic surgery, plastic surgery, podiatry, and vascular surgery. Multivariate Cox proportional hazard models estimated the association between specialty care and event-free survival, adjusting for sociodemographic factors and comorbidities, and stratifying on ulcer severity.

Results
Patients who received specialty care had longer event-free survival compared to those who did not (log-rank p<0.001 for all ulcer severity strata). After adjusting, receipt of specialty care, compared to never, remained associated with improved outcomes for all ulcer severities (early stage adjusted hazard ratio 0.34, 95% CI 0.33–0.35, p<0.001; osteomyelitis aHR 0.22, 95% CI 0.20–0.23, p<0.001; gangrene aHR 0.22, 95% CI 0.20–0.24, p<0.001).

Conclusions
Specialty care was associated with longer event-free survivals for patients with diabetic foot ulcers. Increased, equitable access to specialty care might improve diabetic foot ulcer outcomes and disparities.
Modified combined short and long axis method versus oblique axis method in adult patients undergoing right internal jugular vein cannulation: A randomized controlled non-inferiority study
Authors: Tang Jia-Xi , Wang Ling , Ouyang Ju , Tang Xixi , Liu Mengxiao , Liu Hongliang , Xu Fang 
Published: December 2023

BackgroundModified combined short and long axis method (MCSL) can replace oblique axis in-plane method (OA-IP) for internal jugular vein cannulation (IJVC). This randomized, non-inferiority study estimated the efficacy of MCSL compared with OA-IP in right IJVC.MethodsPatients (18–75 yr. old) undergoing right IJVC under local anesthesia were randomly assigned to MCSL or OA-IP group. The primary outcome is the event of first needle pass without posterior vessel wall puncture (PVWP). Secondary outcomes included needle attempts, success rate, puncture and cannulation time, needle visualization, probe placement difficulty and complications.ResultsAmong 190 randomized patients, 187 were involved in the analysis. The first needle pass without PVWP was 85(89.47%) in the MCSL and 81 (85.26%) in the OA-IP (p = 0.382), with a mean rate difference of 4.2% (95% confidence interval: -5.2–13.6), which confirmed the non-inferiority with the margin of -8%. MCSL group exhibited shorter procedure time and lower complications than OA-IP group. No significant differences were discovered between groups in needle attempts, success rate, incidence of probe placement difficulty and needle visualization.ConclusionsMCSL is non-inferior to OA-IP in first needle pass without PVWP in adults who underwent elective right IJVC and associate with less complications and shorter operating time.Clinical trial registrationChiCTR,ChiCTR2100046899.
Regional anaesthesia practice in public hospitals in Botswana: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Kassa Mamo , Madzimbamuto Farai , Kediegite Gaone , Tuyishime Eugene 
Published: December 2023

Introduction
Little is known about the regional anesthesia practice in low resources settings (LRS). The aim of this study was to describe the regional anesthesia capacity, characteristics of regional anesthesia practice, and challenges and solutions of practicing safe regional anesthesia in public hospitals in Botswana.

Methods
This was a cross-sectional survey of anesthesia providers working in public hospitals in Botswana. A purposive sampling method of public hospitals was used to achieve representation of different hospital levels across Botswana. Paper-based questionnaires were sent to anesthesia providers from selected hospitals. Descriptive statistics were used for analysis.

Results
Questionnaires were distributed to 47 selected anesthesia providers from selected hospitals; 38 (80.9%) were returned. Most participants were nurse anesthetists and medical officers (57.8%). All hospitals perform spinal anesthesia; however, other regional techniques were performed by a small number of participants in one referral hospital. Most hospitals had adequate regional anesthesia drugs and sedation medications, however, most hospitals (except one referral hospital) lacked ultrasound machine and the regional anesthesia kit. The common challenges reported were lack of knowledge and skills, lack of equipment and supplies, and lack of hospital engagement and support. Some solutions were proposed such as regional anesthesia training and engaging the hospital management to get resources.

Conclusions
The results of this study suggest that spinal anesthesia is the most common regional anesthesia technique performed by anesthesia providers working in public hospitals in Botswana followed by few upper limb blocks. However, most public hospitals lack enough training capacity, equipment, and supplies for regional anesthesia. More engagement of the hospital management, investment in regional anesthesia resources, and training are needed in order to improve the regional anesthesia capacity and provide safe surgery and anesthesia in Botswana.
Digital transformation in schools of two southern regions of Sweden through implementation-informed approach: A mixed-methods study protocol
Authors: Masiello Italo , Fixsen Dean L. , Nordmark Susanna , Mohseni Zeynab (Artemis) , Holmberg Kristina , Rack John , Davidsson Mattias , Andersson-Gidlund Tobias , Augustsson Hanna 
Published: December 2023

BackgroundThe enhancement of–or even a shift from–traditional teaching and learning processes to corresponding digital practices has been rapidly occurring during the last two decades. The evidence of this ongoing change is still modest or even weak. However, the adaptation of implementation science in educational settings, a research approach which arose in the healthcare field, offers promising results for systematic and sustained improvements in schools. The aim of this study is to understand how the systematic professional development of teachers and schools principals (the intervention) to use digital learning materials and learning analytics dashboards (the innovations) could allow for innovative and lasting impacts in terms of a sustained implementation strategy, improved teaching practices and student outcomes, as well as evidence-based design of digital learning material and learning analytics dashboards.MethodsThis longitudinal study uses a quasi-experimental cluster design with schools as the unit. The researchers will enroll gradually 145 experimental schools in the study. In the experimental schools the research team will form a School Team, consisting of teachers/learning-technologists, school principals, and researchers, to support teachers’ use of the innovations, with student achievement as the dependent variable. For the experimental schools, the intervention is based on the four longitudinal stages comprising the Active Implementation Framework. With an anticipated student sample of about 13,000 students in grades 1–9, student outcomes data are going to be analyzed using hierarchical linear models.DiscussionThe project seeks to address a pronounced need for favorable conditions for children’s learning supported by a specific implementation framework targeting teachers, and to contribute with knowledge about the promotion of improved teaching practices and student outcomes. The project will build capacity using implementation of educational technology in Swedish educational settings.
Wiara narodu i religijność w czasach zarazy – o przekształceniach pobożności Polaków
Authors: Klimski Wojciech 
Published: December 2023

The subject of the article is the transformation of Poles’ religiousness. They were analysed along two dimensions: nationwide religiousness and the religious dimension of the COVID-19 pandemic. These are two spheres that (in Polish conditions) have a particular chance to activate religiousness. Catholicism is firmly rooted in the nation’s faith, and the plague was the threat that has so far driven individuals towards religion. Transformations in these two spheres are strong indicators of transformations in piety. The research method used is analysing existing research (desk research). The inference carried out showed that Catholicism is fading in these two dimensions. Among the reasons cited for this process, the article points to Poland’s developing social and cultural pluralism, and clergy sex scandals, among others.
Człowiek i nieskończoność. O rozwoju i porażce ideologii nicwięcyzmu
Authors: Szulakiewicz Marek 
Published: December 2023

We encounter the idea of infinity at an existential, epistemological, and scientific level. Man has the understanding of being finite, and at the same time, this understanding takes him beyond it, towards the infinite. Thereforte, the problems of finitude and infinity have been an enduring philosophical issue. However, this did not just mean trying to get a grasp of it, but to include it in experiencing of the world. Infinity was the condition of possibility for our experience. The inclusion of this idea in our experience meant trying to go beyond this world and discovering another dimension. From the 17th century onwards, its slow loss as a condition of our experience was taking place. The result is an ideology of nothingbutism in which the ‘Fifth Dimension’ (J. Hick) is eliminated. The article shows the dangers of this ideology and its overcoming by modern science and philosophy.