bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
[14C]Ethylenethiourea: Distribution, excretion, and metabolism in pregnant rats
Authors: Ruddick Joseph A. , Williams David T. , Hierlihy L. , Khera K. S. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractFollowing administration of single oral doses of [14C] ethylenethiourea (ETU) to pregnant rats maternal blood maintained peak radioactivity for 2 h, and the radioactivity was dispersed uniformly between the red blood cells and plasma. The level of radioactivity was distributed equally among several maternal tissues but was present in lower amounts in embryos. Twenty‐four hours after treatment all tissues examined, except blood, were relatively clear of radioactivity and 72.8% of the total radioactivity given had been excreted in the urine. Elution patterns of metabolites from Sephadex separation suggested that ethylenethiourea was degraded very little. The teratological mechanism is discussed.
Cholinomimetic teratogens. III. Interaction with amino acids known as neurotransmitters
Authors: Landauer Walter 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe amino acids γ‐aminobutyric acid, taurocholate, guanidine, glycine, and β‐alanine, known to have putative functions as neurotransmitters, when given as supplement to carbachol or decamethonium, greatly reduced the incidence of malformations produced in chicken embryos by these depolarizing cholinomimetic teratogens. In combination with the nondepolarizing teratogens neostigmine and pyridostigmine similarly beneficial effects occurred only by supplementation with γ‐aminobutyric acid.
Cytogenetics of postimplantation rabbit conceptuses following delayed fertilization
Authors: Ekins John G. , Shaver Evelyn L. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe chromosome complement and anatomical development of 10–16‐gday rabbit embryos were studied following delayed fertilization. Preimplantation loss was 40% in the experimental group compared with 17% in control animals. Also, a greater number of embryos retarded in growth or with structural anomalies was seen in the delayed‐mated group. Cytogenetic analysis revealed a trisomy for a small metacentric chromosome in 104 control embryos. Only 1 triploid embryo was found in 84 implantation sites from rabbits that had been delayed mated. The incidence of triploidy postimplantation was much less than the 13% found previously in 6‐day blastocysts. Increased embryonic loss at the time of or shortly after implantation may be responsible for the discrepancy.
Morphogenesis of the secondary palate in normal and hydrocortisone‐treated hamsters
Authors: Shah Ravindra M. , Travill Anthony A. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractFetal palate morphogenesis was studied in normal and hydrocortisone‐treated hamsters. Formation of the normal palate was completed between day 12:00 and 13:00 of gestation, and during this period 8 distinct developmental stages were recognized. Following hydrocortisone administration the early stages, during which vertical‐to‐horizontal shelf reorientation occurs, appeared to be unaffected, but subsequent fusion between opposing shelves was inhibited. Both chronological age and fetal weight provided reliable criteria for stages of normal palatal development. Following hydrocortisone administration, however, fetal weight was a poorer indicator of stage of palate organogenesis than chronological age.
Ischemic Preconditioning versus Intermittent Vascular Inflow Control during Major Liver Resection in Pigs
Authors: Smyrniotis Vassilios , Kostopanagiotou Georgia , Theodoraki Kassiani , Farantos Charalampos , Arkadopoulos Nikolaos , Gamaletsos Evangelos , Condi‐Paphitis Agathi , Fotopoulos Alexis , Dimakakos Panagiotis 
Published: June 2005

AbstractIschemic preconditioning (IPC) and intermittent vascular control (IVC) have been shown to reduce the number of ischemia/reperfusion injuries during liver resections with the Pringle maneuver. Our study aimed to compare the beneficial effect of these two modalities in relation to the duration of normothermic liver ischemia. A group of 24 Landrace pigs with a mean body weight of 25 to 30 kg were subjected to extended liver resection of more than 65%. Although, 12 animals underwent IPC (10 minutes of ischemia and 10 minutes of reperfusion), and subsequently the Pringle maneuver was applied for 90 minutes (n= 6) or 120 minutes (n= 6). Another 12 animals underwent liver resection by IVC (20 minutes of ischemia alternated with 5 minutes of reperfusion) for 60 minutes (n = 6) or 120 minutes (n = 6) of inflow vascular control. At 90 minutes of liver ischemia, the IPC group demonstrated lower levels of asportate aminotransferase (AST) (173 ± 53 vs. 265 ± 106 IU; p =0.089) and malondialdehyde (MDA) (2.60 ± 1.03 vs. 5.33 ± 2.25 μmol/L; p =0.022) and higher liver tissue cAMP (200 ± 42 vs. 146 ± 40 pmol/g wet wt, p = 0.04) compared to the IVC group. However, no pathologic differences were observed between the two groups. By contrast, at 120 minutes of liver ischemia, IVC proved to be more beneficial, reflected by lower levels of AST (448 ± 135 vs. 857 ± 268 IU; p = 0.006) and MDA (8.33 ± 1.75 vs. 12.7 ± 4.31 μmol/L; (p = 0.045), a higher cAMP level (127 ± 10 vs. 97 ± 31 pmol/g wet wt p = 0.045), and eventually less cellular necrosis (necrosis score 1.66 ± 0.51 vs. 2.85 ± 1.16; p = 0.04) compared to the IPC group. It appears that IPC should be employed when liver ischemia is anticipated to last less than 90 minutes, followed by IVC when the liver ischemia is expected to last 120 minutes.
Giant Liver Hemangioma: Therapy by Enucleation or Liver Resection
Authors: Hamaloglu Erhan , Altun Hasan , Ozdemir Arif , Ozenc Ahmet 
Published: June 2005

AbstractHemangioma is the most common primary tumor of the liver. The widespread use of ultrasonography (USG) and computed tomography (CT) has made the diagnosis more common. Although the vast majority of hemangiomas are diagnosed incidentally and are asymptomatic, treatment is still controversial. Surgery is the treatment of choice, especially in giant, symptomatic hemangiomas and uncertainty of diagnosis. Twenty‐two patients (median age: 46 years) underwent resection (n = 12) or enucleation (n = 10) for liver hemangioma from 1989 to 2002. The primary indication for surgery was abdominal pain. Ten patients who were treated by enucleation were compared with twelve patients who were treated by liver resection. Mean tumor size was 90 mm with a range of 40–270 mm. There were no statistically significant differences in tumor size, preoperative liver function tests, hemoglobin levels, and platelet counts between the two groups. Operative time was longer in the resection group, and statistically significant the difference was (p = 0.048). Blood transfusion requirement and blood loss during intraoperative period were higher in the resection group (p = 0.025, p = 0.01, respectively). There were three postoperative complications, 1 in the enucleation group (plevral effusion), 2 in the resection group (liver abscess and wound infection). There was no surgery‐related mortality in either group. Although most hemangiomas can be removed by enucleation or liver resection with low morbidity and mortality, if the location and number of hemangiomas are appropriate, enucleation is the choice of the therapy. Hospital stay, blood transfusion requirement, and blood loss can be kept minimal by the selection of enucleation.
Prospective Randomized Study of T‐Tube versus Biliary Stent for Common Bile duct decompression after Open Choledocotomy
Authors: Pérez Gustavo , Escalona Alex , Jarufe Nicolás , Ibáñez Luis , Viviani Paola , García Carlos , Benavides Carlos , Salvadó José 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe T‐tube has been the alternative of choice for decompression following common bile duct (CBD) exploration. The development of laparoscopic surgery has suggested using a biliary stent as an alternative to the T‐tube following choledochotomy. The purpose of this prospective randomized study was to compare clinical results obtained from patients who underwent open CBD exploration using a biliary stent versus those from patients with a T‐tube for decompression. Between September 2000 and June 2002 a total of 81 patients were randomly assigned to a biliary stent or a T‐tube as the decompression method following choledochotomy. An open CBD exploration was performed when CBD stones were suspected, in both elective and emergency settings. The length of the postoperative hospital stay was 6.8 ± 4.7 days for patients with the T‐tube and of 5.2 ± 3.3 days for, patients with the biliary stent (p= 0.19). Postoperative complications were observed in 13 patients (30 %) with the T‐tube and in 4 patients (11% ) with the biliary stent (p= 0.03). One patient with a biliary stent was reoperated because of an intraabdominal abscess, and another patient was reoperated because of biliary peritonitis following T‐tube removal. Three patients (7%) with a biliary stent and one patient (3%) with a T‐tube were rehospitalized. There were no deaths. The T‐tube and biliary stent were removed 27.1 ± 10.8 days and 34.9 ± 12.9 days after surgery, respectively (p= 0.24). The biliary stent is a safe alternative to the T‐tube as a biliary decompression method following an open CBD exploration.
Is the Size of an Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Associated with Coagulopathy?
Authors: Shindo Shunya , Matsumoto Harunobu , Kubota Kenji , Kojima Atsuo , Matsumoto Masahiko , Satoh Kaneo , Ozaki Yukio 
Published: June 2005

AbstractAbdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) volume and intraluminal thrombi were analyzed with respect to the number and function of platelets, blood cells, and coagulation factors. A group of 43 patients who underwent repair of an AAA were enrolled in this study. The maximum diameter and volume of the AAA, and the volume of intraluminal thrombi and lumen were measured by computed tomography with planimetry. The platelet count and platelet function, prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, fibrinogen, plasminogen, antithrombin 3, fibrin degradation products (FDP), D‐dimer, and blood cell counts were measured. Spontaneous platelet aggregation and the FDP, and D‐dimer levels were elevated; all other factors remained within the normal range. Intraluminal thrombus volume was strongly correlated with the volume and diameter of the AAA. However, no correlation was observed between the size of the AAA and coagulating factors, including the number and aggregation value of platelets. AAAs are frequently associated with a coagulating disorder. However, its size and thrombus volume are not correlated with coagulation changes. Although an intraluminal thrornbus increases along with fee enlargement of the AAA, the clinical manifestation of bleeding is rarely associated with an AAA. Therefore coagulopathy in patients with an AAA is not fully explained by its morphology.
General Anesthesia for Surgery Influences Melatonin and Cortisol Levels
Authors: Ram Edward , Vishne Tali H , Weinstein Talia , Beilin Benzion , Dreznik Zeev 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of general anesthesia and surgery on melatonin production, and to assess the relationship between melatonin secretion and cortisol levels. Twenty (9 males and 11 females) consecutive otherwise healthy patients aged 27 to 52 years were included in this study. The patients underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy or laparoscopic hernioplasty. All patients had general anesthesia with the same anesthetic drugs. Serum cortisol levels were measured at several time periods. Urine collections for melatonin were performed from 18:00 to 7:00 the day prior to surgery, on the operation day, and on the first postoperative day. Baseline melatonin metabolites were measured the night prior to surgery, and the level was found to be 1979 ± 1.76 ng. The value decreased to 1802 ± 1.82 ng (NS) on the night of surgery, and it became a significantly higher, reaching 2981 ± 1.55 ng the night after surgery (p =. 003). The baseline daytime cortisol level was significantly lower than the baseline night cortisol level (6.87 ± 1.51 μg/dl, 14.89 ± 1.66 micrograms/dl, respectively, p < 0.0001). Surgery induced a significant increase in both day and night cortisol levels. Daytime cortisol levels increased from 6.89 ± 1.51μg/dl to 16.90 ± 1.27μg/dl (p < 0.0001), whereas right levels increased from 14.89 ± 1.66 μg/dl to 29.20 ± 1.24 μg/dl (p <0.0001). The morning after surgery, cortisol levels decreased to 10.16 ± 1.40 μg/dl, lower than the value obtained on the day of surgery (p < 0.0001). As was true of melatonin, cortisol levels did not reach the pre operative level (p < 0.005). The finding of the current study is that melatonin and cortisol levels show an inverse correlation after surgery.
Myocardial Perfusion Defects and the Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction Disclosed by Scintigraphy in Patients with Primary Hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Gerlach Øgard Christina , Søndergaard Susanne Bonnichsen , Vestergaard Henrik , Jakobsen Henrik , Nielsen Steen Levin 
Published: June 2005

AbstractPatients with primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) have increased risk of cardiovascular disease. For patients undergoing preoperative parathyroid imaging with 99mTc‐sestamibi single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), we combined cervical SPECT and gated cardiac SPECT to achieve information about the localization of parathyroid adenomas, myocardial perfusion, and the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) at rest. A series of 22 patients with PHPT and no history of myocardial infarction or angina pectoris were recruited consecutively. At 60 minutes after injection of 700 MBq 99mTc‐sestamibi, SPECT of the neck and gated myocardial perfusion SPECT were performed at the same time. All of the patients who underwent parathyroidectomy had the parathyroid adenoma localized as predicted from the SPECT. Five patients (23%) had myocardial perfusion defects extending more than 15% (range 15–25%), and they had higher plasma parathyroid hormone levels (p = 0.03), and lower LVEF (p = 0.007) than patients without perfusion defects. We suggest that patients with hyperparathyroidism and suspected cardiovascular disease undergo99m Tc‐sestamibi parathyroid SPECT simultaneously with gated myocardial perfusion SPECT to obtain information about the resting perfusion status and cardiac systolic function. The results from myocardial perfusion SPECT can lead to initiation of cardiovascular treatment and eventually perioperative precautions.
Prediction of Metastasis to Non‐sentinel Nodes by Sentinel Node Status and Primary Tumor Characteristics in Primary Breast Cancer in Taiwan
Authors: Yu Jyh‐Cherng , Hsu Giu‐Cheng , Hsieh Chung‐Bo , Sheu Lai‐Fa , Chao Tsu‐Yi 
Published: June 2005

AbstractWe aimed to determine how to approach the axilla after finding a positive sentinel node (SN) for a woman with breast cancer in Taiwan. We used blue dye staining to identify the SN in 824 procedures on 811 patients with breast cancer small than 3 cm by a single surgeon. All patients underwent SN biopsy, followed by at least level II axillary dissection. All SNs were evaluated histologically and immunohistochemically with anti‐cytokeratin antibodies. Non‐SNs were examined by routine histology. SNs were identified in 814/824 procedures (98.8%). SN metastases were found in 286/814 (35.1%). Subsequent axillary dissections revealed tumors in non‐SNs in 188 (65.7%) of these patients. There was a relatively high incidence of non‐SN metastases in our population. Tumor exhibiting high nuclear grading, ER‐, PR‐, Erb‐2/neu overexpression, lymphovascular invasion, increasing tumor size, multiple positive SNs, and macrometastatic size in SNs (> 2 mm) were all significantly correlated with non‐SN metastases. Multivariate analysis showed that tumor size, the number of positive SNs, and the metastatic size in SNs were independent factors predicting the presence of positive non‐SNs. Small (< 2 cm) cancers, having only micrometastatic foci in the SN and having only one SN involved are closely correlated with the tumor‐free non‐SNs. Our data will assist such patients regarding the need for axillary dissection after finding a positive SN.
Non‐Oriental Primary Intrahepatic Lithiasis: Experience with 48 Cases
Authors: Herman Paulo , Bacchella Telesforo , Pugliese Vincenzo , Montagnini André L. , Machado Marcel Autran C. , Cunha José Eduardo M. da , Machado Marcel C.C. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractAn experience with the diagnosis and treatment of patients with non‐Oriental primary intrahepatic lithiasis (PIHL) is described. A group of 48 native Brazilian patients with symptomatic PIHL were studied, and the patients’ characteristics, diagnoses, treatment protocols based on the presentation of the disease, prognostic factors, and late results were analyzed. Liver resection was performed in patients with an irreversible lesion, such as parenchymal atrophy or biliary stenosis; and biliary drainage procedures were employed in patients with bilateral disease. Late results were considered good when no postoperative symptoms were observed and poor if there was pain recurrence or cholangitis. Overall good results were observed in 73.4% of the patients. Good late results were observed in 94.1% and 62.1% of the patients with unilateral and bilateral stones, respectively. None of the analyzed parameters (gender, age, previous biliary surgery, bilirubin level, serum leukocyte counts, prothrombin activity, previous history of cholangitis, stone location) predicted poor late results, but the risk for patients with bilateral stones to develop late complications was 7.2 times higher than for those with unilateral disease.Non‐Oriental PIHL is a rare disease, and the patients’ characteristics are similar to those of patients with Oriental PIHL. We believe that personalized treatment based on the presentation of the disease led to the high incidence of good late results in this series.
Patient‐controlled Dietary Schedule Improves Clinical Outcome after Gastrectomy for Gastric Cancer
Authors: Hirao Motohiro , Tsujinaka Toshimasa , Takeno Atsushi , Fujitani Kazumasa , Kurata Miki 
Published: June 2005

AbstractAlthough studies have shown that early oral feeding after abdominal surgery is feasible, the optimal dietary schedule has not been established. This study was conducted prospectively to compare the clinical outcome of patient‐controlled dietary schedule with that of conventional dietary schedule after gastric resection for early cancer. Patients in the patient‐controlled diet (PC) group (n = 53) received a solid diet on demand; patients in the conventional regimen (CR) group (n = 50) received a solid diet from postoperative day (POD) 10. All patients underwent distal gastrectomy for early gastric cancer. A liquid diet was tolerated by the PC group on POD 2, and a solid diet was taken on POD 6 after gastrectomy, earlier than in the CR group. The postoperative hospital stay was 18.5 ± 5.9 days (10–40) in the PC group, versus 21.7 ± 8.8 days (14–57) in the CR group (p = 0.02). Patients in the PC group had a higher daily oral intake of calories on POD 10 than those in the CR group (p = 0.02). Changes in body weight and serum albumin during the postoperative period and after discharge, and the incidence of complications and variances from clinical pathways did not show significant differences between the two groups. The PC schedule was feasible after distal gastrectomy for early gastric cancer. It improved the clinical outcome, with a shorter postoperative hospital stay and a higher oral energy intake on early phase, compared with the CR schedule. Moreover, the PC approach was useful for establishing the optimal dietary schedule and improving the clinical pathway.
Comparison of Surgical Techniques for Treatment of Benign Toxic Multinodular Goiter
Authors: Alimoglu Orhan , Akdag Murat , Sahin Mustafa , Korkut Cagatay , Okan Ismail , Kurtulmus Neslihan 
Published: June 2005

AbstractControversy remains regarding the best surgical approach for toxic multinodular goiter (MNG). The aim of this study was to evaluate the results of various thyroid operations for managing toxic MNG. A group of 100 patients with toxic MNG were divided into three groups and managed with total thyroidectomy (TT; group I, n‐17), near‐total thyroidectomy (NTT; group II, n = 48), or bilateral subtotal thyroidectomy (BST; group III, n = 35). Patients were compared with regard to age, gender, surgical operations, complications, thyroid hormone status, duration of hospitalization, and the reoperation rate for incidentally found thyroid carcinomas. There were 14 men (14%) and 86 women (86 %) with a mean age of 47.03 ± 13.56 years (range 19–77 years). After the operation two patients had a hematoma, and one patient had a seroma. Four patients had unilateral vocal cord paralysis, and one had permanent paralysis. Moreover, 18 patients had transient and 2 patients permanent hypocalcemia. There was no significant difference between the groups regarding complications (p < 0.05). Permanent hypothyroidism was achieved in all patients in group I and 44 patients (92 %) in group II, whereas in group III only 10 (29%) patients had hypothyroidism. Conversely, hyperthyroidism, both subclinical and clinical, was noted only in group III (12 patients, 34 %) during follow‐up. We think that TT and NTT are safe, effective approaches in the treatment of toxic MNG, preventing recurrence of thyrotoxicosis and reoperation for incidentally found thyroid cancers. The complication rates for TT and NTT were similar to that for BST. Hence these operation should be considered for patients referred for surgical treatment of toxic MNG.
Primary Closure of the Common Duct over Endonasobiliary Drainage Tubes
Authors: Wani Mehmood A. , Chowdri Nisar A. , Naqash Sameer H. , Wani Nazir A. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe T‐tube remains the standard method of intraductal drainage after open choledochotomy for choledocholithiasis. We studied the use of an endonasobiliary drainage (ENBD) tube as an alternative to the T‐tube for postoperative intraductal drainage. A series of 20 patients with documented choledocholithiasis in whom endoscopic methods of stone retrieval failed to clear the common bile duct (CBD) were selected for the study. All patients had ENBD tubes placed preoperatively at endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreaticography and then were subjected to open choledocholithotomy with primary closure of the choledochotomy over the ENBD. The age of the patients in the study group ranged from 18 to 75 years. Three patients (15%) had acute cholangitis at the time of surgery. Stones were confirmed at surgery in 85% of the patients, and the size of the CBD was found to range from 1.0 to 2.3 cm. All 20 patients underwent closure of the common duct over an ENBD tube without any difficulty. None of the patients experienced biliary complications such as bile leaks, biliary peritonitis, biliary fistula, pancreatitis, or cholangitis. No patient had any residual stone as documented by postoperative cholangiograms. Abdominal drains remained in place for 2 to 4 days, and the ENBD tubes were removed between days 6 and 8. The length of the postoperative hospital stay varied from 7 to 15 days, with 65% of the patients going home before postoperative day 8.