bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Position statement of the EADV Artificial Intelligence (AI) Task Force on AI‐assisted smartphone apps and web‐based services for skin disease
Authors: Sangers Tobias E. , Kittler Harald , Blum Andreas , Braun Ralph P. , Barata Catarina , Cartocci Alessandra , Combalia Marc , Esdaile Ben , Guitera Pascale , Haenssle Holger A. , Kvorning Niels , Lallas Aimilios , Navarrete‐Dechent Cristian , Navarini Alexander A. , Podlipnik Sebastian , Rotemberg Veronica , Soyer H. Peter , Tognetti Linda , Tschandl Philipp , Malvehy Josep ,   the EADV AI Task Force
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundAs the use of smartphones continues to surge globally, mobile applications (apps) have become a powerful tool for healthcare engagement. Prominent among these are dermatology apps powered by Artificial Intelligence (AI), which provide immediate diagnostic guidance and educational resources for skin diseases, including skin cancer.ObjectiveThis article, authored by the EADV AI Task Force, seeks to offer insights and recommendations for the present and future deployment of AI‐assisted smartphone applications (apps) and web‐based services for skin diseases with emphasis on skin cancer detection.MethodsAn initial position statement was drafted on a comprehensive literature review, which was subsequently refined through two rounds of digital discussions and meticulous feedback by the EADV AI Task Force, ensuring its accuracy, clarity and relevance.ResultsEight key considerations were identified, including risks associated with inaccuracy and improper user education, a decline in professional skills, the influence of non‐medical commercial interests, data security, direct and indirect costs, regulatory approval and the necessity of multidisciplinary implementation. Following these considerations, three main recommendations were formulated: (1) to ensure user trust, app developers should prioritize transparency in data quality, accuracy, intended use, privacy and costs; (2) Apps and web‐based services should ensure a uniform user experience for diverse groups of patients; (3) European authorities should adopt a rigorous and consistent regulatory framework for dermatology apps to ensure their safety and accuracy for users.ConclusionsThe utilisation of AI‐assisted smartphone apps and web‐based services in diagnosing and treating skin diseases has the potential to greatly benefit patients in their dermatology journeys. By prioritising innovation, fostering collaboration and implementing effective regulations, we can ensure the successful integration of these apps into clinical practice.
Cognitive dysfunction in post‐COVID‐19 condition: Mechanisms, management, and rehabilitation
Authors: Möller Marika , Borg Kristian , Janson Christer , Lerm Maria , Normark Johan , Niward Katarina 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe long‐term effects of COVID‐19 on cognitive function have become an area of increasing concern. This paper provides an overview of characteristics, risk factors, possible mechanisms, and management strategies for cognitive dysfunction in post‐COVID‐19 condition (PCC).Prolonged cognitive dysfunction is one of the most common impairments in PCC, affecting between 17% and 28% of the individuals more than 12 weeks after the infection and persisting in some cases for several years. Cognitive dysfunctions can be manifested as a wide range of symptoms including memory impairment, attention deficit, executive dysfunction, and reduced processing speed. Risk factors for developing PCC, with or without cognitive impairments, include advanced age, preexisting medical conditions, and the severity of acute illness. The underlying mechanisms remain unclear, but proposed contributors include neuroinflammation, hypoxia, vascular damage, and latent virus reactivation not excluding the possibility of direct viral invasion of the central nervous system, illustrating complex viral pathology.As the individual variation of the cognitive impairments is large, a neuropsychological examination and a person‐centered multidimensional approach are required. According to the World Health Organization, limited evidence on COVID‐19‐related cognitive impairments necessitates implementing rehabilitation interventions from established practices of similar conditions. Psychoeducation and compensatory skills training are recommended. Assistive products and environmental modifications adapted to individual needs might be helpful. In specific attention‐ and working memory dysfunctions, cognitive training—carefully monitored for intensity—might be effective for people who do not suffer from post‐exertional malaise. Further research is crucial for evidence‐based interventions specific to COVID‐19‐related cognitive impairments.
The peer effect in adverse selection: Evidence from the micro health insurance market in Pakistan
Authors: Du Xia , Zheng Wei , Yao Yi 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe peer effect may amplify adverse selection in social networks, hampering the sustainable operation of microinsurance. This paper uses data from a micro health insurance program in Pakistan to test for the peer effect in renewal decisions and the role it plays in amplifying adverse selection within social networks. The paper finds evidence supporting that insurance renewal decisions are similar among peers in the same network, and the peer effect is stronger among households of the same risk type than households of different risk types, indicating that the heterogeneous peer effect acts as an amplifier for adverse selection. The paper provides policy implications for effective ways to mitigate the peer effect and adverse selection, based on the results of heterogeneity analyses. The policy recommendation is to enforce a minimum group enrollment rate requirement of at least 60% for large groups to mitigate the peer effect.
PRE‐, SYN‐ AND POST‐TECTONIC DIAGENETIC EVOLUTION OF A CARBONATE RESERVOIR: A CASE STUDY OF THE LOWER CRETACEOUS FAHLIYAN FORMATION IN THE DEZFUL EMBAYMENT, ZAGROS FOLDBELT, SW IRAN
Authors: Keyvani Forooz , Al‐Aasm Ihsan S. , Mansurbeg Howri , Morad Sadoon 
Published: September 2023

Lower Cretaceous carbonates of the Fahliyan Formation form prolific reservoir rocks at oilfields in the Dezful Embayment, central Zagros fold‐thrust belt, SW Iran. The carbonates have undergone significant diagenetic alteration in phases which can in general be linked to the pre‐, syn‐ and post‐tectonic evolution of the fold‐thrust belt. This paper investigates the impact of diagenetic processes on the reservoir quality of the carbonates using integrated petrographic, geochemical and sedimentological analyses of subsurface and outcrop samples of the formation. Diagenetic alterations include:(i) pre‐tectonic eogenesis in the marine and shallow‐burial realm, which resulted in micritization of allochems and cementation by equant and isopachous calcite rims and framboidal pyrite together with limited dolomitization and dissolution of metastable bioclasts. The isotopic compositions of micrite and early calcite cement depart from postulated values of Lower Cretaceous marine carbonates, signifying early stabilization of precursor metastable carbonate minerals and the possible effects of the incursion of meteoric waters and/or increasing burial temperatures;(ii) mesogenesis during the subsequent syn‐tectonic phase, which included Late Cretaceous ophiolite obduction at the northern margin of the Arabian Plate and the later Zagros orogeny in the Miocene‐Pliocene. Diagenetic modifications included the emplacement of hydrocarbons, the development of stylolites and fractures, and the precipitation of saddle dolomite, replacive rhombic dolomite, discrete pyrite, microcrystalline quartz, kaolin and anhydrite. The average stable isotope compositions of saddle dolomite (δ18O: ‐6.9 ‰ ± .9 and δ13C 0.5 ‰ ± 1.6, respectively) also reflects the influence of high temprature basinal fluids;and (iii) “late” (telogenetic, post‐tectonic) uplift‐related modification starting in the Pliocene, when the incursion of meteoric waters resulted in the formation of vugs, the calcitization of dolomite, and cementation by fracture‐filling blocky calcite. The negative δ18O and δ13C stable isotope values (average: ‐5.5 ‰ ± 1.5; and ‐3.6 ‰ ± 5.9, respectively) of late blocky calcite cement suggest the incursion of meteoric water into the system.This study demonstrates that diagenetic processes in carbonates in the Fahliyan Formation, which exerted a significant control on the distribution of secondary porosity, can be related to the tectonic evolution of the central Zagros fold‐thrust belt. Thus, constraining the diagenetic history of carbonate successions within the context of their wider tectonic evolution is important for the prediction of the spatial and temporal distribution of reservoir quality.
The integration problem for naive realism
Authors: Ivanov Ivan V. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis paper makes explicit the basic problem perfect hallucinations pose for perceptual naive realists, more fundamental than the well‐trodden Screening‐off Problem. The deeper problem offers the basis for an overarching classification of the available naive‐ realist‐friendly approaches to perfect hallucinations. In the course of laying out the challenges to the different types of response, the paper makes a case for the superiority of a particular approach to perfect hallucinations, on which they would be understood as a special kind of perceptual anomaly—arising from a secondary mode of perceptual processing.
Less marginal bone loss around bone‐level implants restored with long abutments: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Tajti Péter , Solyom Eleonora , Váncsa Szilárd , Mátrai Péter , Hegyi Péter , Varga Gábor , Hermann Péter , Borbély Judit , Sculean Anton , Mikulás Krisztina 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the biological outcomes of bone‐level implants restored with long vs. short abutments, with regard to the ‘one abutment at one time’ protocol. The systematic search was performed in five databases: MEDLINE (PubMed), EMBASE, Web of Science, Scopus, and CENTRAL for randomized controlled trials up to January 14, 2023. Data were collected for marginal bone loss, bleeding on probing, and probing pocket depth by two reviewers. As effect size measure, mean difference (MD), and risk ratio (RR) were used for continuous and categorical outcomes, R‐statistics software was used for conducting statistical analyses. For quality and certainty assessment, Risk of Bias Tool 2, ROBINS‐I, and GRADE approach were used. The search resulted in 4055 records without any duplicates. After title, abstract, and full‐text analysis, eight articles were found eligible for inclusion. Bone‐level and platform‐switched implants presented less marginal bone loss after 6 months and 1 year as well, when long abutments were used (MD 0.63, 95% CI: [−0.16; 1.42]) and (MD 0.26, 95% CI: [−0.02; 0.53]). However, subgroup analysis revealed no difference in marginal bone loss when applying ‘one abutment at one time’ protocol (p = 0.973). Bleeding on probing and probing pocket depth presented similarly good results in both groups without almost any differences (RR 0.97, 95% CI: [0.76; 1.23]) and (MD −0.05, 95% CI: [−1.11; 1.01]). Longer abutments on bone‐level implants seem to be a favorable choice for decreasing early marginal bone loss, irrespective of connection timing.
Nanoindentation study of human fingernail for determining its structural elasticity
Authors: Tohmyoh Hironori , Abukawa Masaru 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundHuman nails play an important role in transmitting force to the fingertips, and their mechanical properties are important indices. The nail has a three‐layered structure consisting of top dorsal, middle intermediate, and under ventral plates, and its internal structure is believed to affect its mechanical properties. However, this has not been investigated in previous studies.MethodsThe Young's moduli of the top, middle, and under plates were measured using nanoindentation, and a theoretical model was developed to estimate the structural elasticity for the bending deformation of human nails, which is an index describing the deformability of the nail without depending on its external dimensions. The structural elasticity of human nails was compared with that of human hair collected from the same person. The effect of the softening treatment on the nails was also evaluated.ResultsThe Young's moduli of the top, middle, and under plates measured using nanoindentation were 2.9, 3.1, and 2.8 GPa, respectively. The structural elasticity of the nail was estimated to be 2.9 GPa, approximately 75% that of hair. Moreover, softening treatment with a urea cream reduced the structural elasticity of the nail to 70%.ConclusionThis paper proposed a method for estimating the structural elasticity of a human nail with a three‐layered structure. This index is a mechanical property with “Pa” as a unit, and is useful for comparing deformability with the Young's modulus of other homogeneous materials or for investigating the effect of various treatments quantitatively.
Physically Based Rendering of Animated Point Clouds for EXtended Reality
Authors: Rossoni Marco , Pozzi Matteo , Colombo Giorgio , Gribaudo Marco , Piazzolla Pietro 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Point cloud 3D models are gaining increasing popularity due to the proliferation of scanning systems in various fields, including autonomous vehicles and robotics. When employed for rendering purposes, point clouds are typically depicted with their original colors acquired during the acquisition, often without taking into account the lighting conditions of the scene in which the model is situated. This can result in a lack of realism in numerous contexts, especially when dealing with animated point clouds used in eXtended reality applications, where it is desirable for the model to respond to incoming light and seamlessly blend with the surrounding environment. This paper proposes the application of physically based rendering (PBR), a rendering technique widely used in real-time computer graphics applications, to animated point cloud models for reproducing specular reflections, and achieving a photo-realistic and physically accurate look under any lighting condition. To achieve this, we first explore the extension of commonly used animated point cloud formats to incorporate normal vectors and PBR parameters, like roughness and metalness. Additionally, the encoding of the animated environment maps necessary for the PBR technique is investigated. Then, an animated point cloud model is rendered with a shader implementing the proposed PBR method. Finally, we compare the outcomes of this PBR pipeline with traditional renderings of the same point cloud produced using commonly used shaders, taking into account different lighting conditions and environments. Through these comparisons, we demonstrate how the proposed PBR method enhances the visual integration of the point cloud with its surroundings. Furthermore, it will be shown that using this rendering technique, it is possible to render different materials, by exploiting the features of PBR and the encoding of the surrounding environment.
Stochastic Multi-Objective Optimization of a Residential Microturbine-Driven CHP System Considering Probabilistic Reliability Constraint
Authors: Teymoori H. Fatemeh , Safari Amir , Kamalinasab Mostafa 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Recently, micro combined heat and power (M-CHP) systems have been increasingly used worldwide. M-CHP is supposed to play a meaningful role in reducing carbon dioxide emission, increasing energy resource efficiency, and economic saving in the future. This article suggests a new multi-objective optimization approach for optimal planning of microturbine-based CHP systems by considering the uncertainty of equipment availability. The proposed model consists of three competing objective functions: full investment/operation cost, exergy efficiency, and gaseous emissions. To model the uncertainty source, a scenario-based method, using the forced outages of the electrical grid components, auxiliary boiler, and M-CHP, is incorporated into the proposed model. Furthermore, a new achievement function-based directed search domain (AF-DSD) method is proposed to effectively extract the Pareto frontier of this multi-objective problem. The proposed model and solution method are tested on a real-world M-CHP system. The results have shown that, using the AF-DSD method, both sides of the utopia hyper-plane are covered, and all Pareto-optimal solutions can be found for both convex and non-convex problems. The numerical results show that minimizing total cost, primary exergy, and emission promotes an efficient energy supply system where all energy resources are utilized effectively.
Parametric Cycle Studies of the Water-Enhanced Turbofan Concept
Authors: Ziegler Paul , Kaiser Sascha , Gümmer Volker 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The Water-Enhanced Turbofan is a promising revolutionary concept which addresses the most climate-relevant emissions of aviation: carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides as well as water vapor and particulate matter which form contrail cirrus. The concept combines the traditional Joule/Brayton cycle with a Clausius-Rankine steam cycle to a dual-fluid cycle also known as the Cheng cycle. While previous publications cover the basic thermodynamics of the concept and give an overview of the potential climate impact reduction, this paper aims to give an overview of important design parameters and their impact on the cycle. In addition, the fuel burn on aircraft system level is assessed with exchange factors for thrust specific fuel consumption and propulsion system weight.
A cooling air model for conceptual design which covers the main effects of steam injection on the required cooling air mass flow is employed. For the heat exchangers a substitute model is used. The substitute model is based on a one-dimensional, discretized tool, using a predefined sizing rule and a linearization for changing inlet condition.
After the main design parameters are identified, parameter studies are performed using a multi-design-point approach. It is shown, that the vaporization process is a major design driver. Furthermore, the water injection mass flow rate is an important parameter both for design and for the operation of the engine as an additional degree of freedom.
Fluid Dynamic Loss Model With Wide Applicability for Aeroengine Transmission Gears
Authors: Arisawa Hidenori , Tanaka Mitsuaki , Hashimoto Hironori , Goi Tatsuhiko , Banno Takahiko , Akahori Hirofumi 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
In high-speed gear systems for aeroengines, it is important to reduce the fluid dynamic loss, which accounts for the majority of power loss, to improve the fuel efficiency. For reasonable loss-reduction and the standardization of low-power-loss designs, a fluid dynamic loss model with wide applicability is needed. However, there are few reports of loss models considering the gear shroud effect on the oil dynamic loss.
This study developed a loss model based on fluid dynamic loss phenomena. Specifically, fluid dynamic loss models were developed for the “air side-flow loss,” “air pumping loss,” “oil-jet acceleration loss,” and “oil re-acceleration loss” in the gear meshing part, and “air vortex loss” and “oil churning loss” in the gear peripheral part, with consideration to the shrouding effect. Moreover, an experimental method and a numerical method for loss classification are proposed.
The fluid dynamic loss models were validated by experiments or experimentally validated numerical simulations. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the loss model for low-power-loss design, the influence of the design parameters was investigated, and the typical parameters were optimized.
An Estimation of Wetness Losses for Nuclear Steam Turbines Using Simplified 1D-2D Models
Authors: Stanciu Mugurel 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This paper presents a methodology to estimate wetness losses for steam turbines using simplified models. Several 1D solvers are used to evaluate the steam flow field and the droplet nucleation and growth. The results are used as input data for another 2D solver to calculate droplet trajectories, liquid films on blades and wetness losses. These losses are decomposed in several types and modeled according to the classical approaches of Gyarmathy and Laali: thermodynamic, collected water, centrifuged water, drag of fine and coarse droplets, impact, additional friction and exit kinetic energy losses. All HP and LP nuclear steam turbines currently in operation in the EDF’s nuclear fleet are analyzed using this methodology. Several sensitivity studies are also performed to assess the importance of the various physical laws governing the condensation models, the input data used for wetness losses estimation and the values of the parameters involved in the wetness models. The results show that the wetness losses decomposition is strongly dependent on the type of turbine and that the equivalent Baumann coefficients vary depending on the average wetness mass fraction in each stage. The most important factors influencing the wetness losses evaluation are the droplet size and the deposition rate, all other variations of parameters and models playing a less significant role.
Improved Strain-Energy Based Mistuning Models Part I: Motivation, Approach, and Understanding
Authors: Hegde Shreyas , Madden Andrew , Kielb Robert 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
One of the grand challenges in turbomachinery forced response is accurately predicting individual blade responses in a system. This paper helps address these challenges and describes an improved FMM model for computing the mistuned forced response of an embedded compressor rotor. Specifically, the paper concentrates on coupling aerodynamic and structural dynamics into the mistuning model and incorporating a strain energy parameter that can help improve the accuracy of the mistuned prediction, especially in the “veering” region. Previously, the authors published results highlighting a wide range of mistuned predictions and the impact of multi-row interaction on these responses. One gap in the literature is the absence of a robust strain energy-based model, which can help improve the accuracy, particularly for cases in which the system mode family is not isolated, i.e., the mode family lies in the veering region, which in turn leads to a significant amount of strain energy in the disk. The current paper starts from an existing mistuning formulation under the FMM framework and describes two approaches to incorporating the strain energy parameter. The key conclusions are: 1) the non-dimensional mistuning parameters significantly improve prediction by including this strain energy-based parameter. 2) the improved strain energy formulations lead to a significant improvement in the mistuning amplification factor for a non-isolated mode family and help couple the physics better in addition to better predictions for a non-isolated family of modes, 3) The coefficient based mistuning model shows promising results with the calibrated coefficient value being the same at multiple resonant crossings for this configuration.