bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative disposition of ricobendazole enantiomers after intravenous and subcutaneous administration of a racemic formulation to calves
Authors: Cristòfol Carles , Virkel Guillermo , Álvarez Luis , Arboix Margarida , Lanusse Carlos E. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe enantioselective disposition kinetics of the benzimidazole anthelmintic, ricobendazole (RBZ), have been characterized after its intravenous (iv) and subcutaneous (sc) administration as a racemic formulation to cattle. The (+) and (−) RBZ enantiomeric forms were recovered in plasma after iv and sc administration of the racemic RBZ formulation, using a chiral phase based HPLC method. A biexponential plasma concentration versus time curve was observed for both RBZ enantiomers following the iv treatment. Total body clearance was higher for (−) RBZ (150.4 mL/h · kg) compared with that obtained for the (+) RBZ antipode (78.1 mL/h · kg). The elimination half‐life of the (−) RBZ enantiomer was shorter (T1/2β: 2.67 h) compared with the (+) enantiomer (T1/2β: 5.41 h). The plasma availability (expressed as AUC) was significantly higher for (+) RBZ compared with that obtained for the (−) antipode following both treatments. The enantiomeric ratio in plasma atT0was close to unity (50% of each enantiomer); the analysis of the concentration ratios (+) RBZ/(−) RBZ, demonstrated an increase in the proportion of (+) RBZ during the time course of the kinetics after both iv and sc treatments. The results presented herein show the enantioselective disposition kinetics of RBZ in cattle and are a further contribution to the understanding of the kinetic behaviour of these sulphoxide‐containing benzimidazole anthelmintics in ruminants. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Precision teaching and fluency training across cognitive, physical, and academic tasks in children with traumatic brain injury: a multiple baseline study
Authors: Chapman Stacy S. , Ewing Christopher B. , Mozzoni Michael P. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractChildren with traumatic brain injuries present significant challenges in terms of interrupted development and loss of previously mastered skills. The sequelae of pediatric brain injury develop in time whereas injury to an adult brain tends to create static deficits. Children with brain injuries present unique problems in their ability to form enduring memories of verbal material and performance strategies. Precision teaching and fluency training methodologies present teachers with powerful tools to capitalize upon over learning as a method of improving persistence of a new repertoire. In this series of studies precision teaching and fluency training were used across academic, communicative, and physical skill repertoires, to demonstrate the utility, efficiency, and efficacy of these methodologies. Significant improvements were reached in all functional target areas. By utilizing data‐based decision methods therapists can rapidly assess and adjust treatment to keep clients progressing. In this age of limited length of stay within the therapeutic treatment environment fast and effective treatment is a mandate. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fluency and functional motor skills following brain injury
Authors: Eastridge Dixie , Mozzoni Michael P. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe focus of this study was to try to establish key component, or element skills, and their underlying tool skills to improve functional gross motor skills to fluent levels for individuals who had suffered brain injuries. Four participants using the key component Big 6 skills of reach, point, touch, grasp, place, and release were studied to determine whether building these skills to a high rate could increase the functional motor skills in the impaired hand or in the non‐impaired, non‐dominant hand. The study indicates that increasing these skills to fluent levels increases the functional use in the participant's gross motor skill impaired hand and the non‐impaired, non‐dominant hand. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quantitative and kinetic study of oxidative stress regulons using green fluorescent protein
Authors: Lu Canghai , Albano C. Renee , Bentley William E. , Rao Govind 
Published: January 2005

AbstractPotentially damaging reactive oxygen species (ROS) are involved in a number of pathways ranging from signal transduction to apoptosis. Cells have adapted this alteration in redox status into a complex regulatory mechanism. ROS are specifically able to induce the expression of a multitude of genes. We constructed and characterized “oxidative stress probes” consisting of promoter fusions of several ROS‐induced genes and the green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter gene. Specifically, the sodA, fumC, zwf, acnA, acrAB, and soxS genes from the SoxRS regulon and the katG and ahpC genes from OxyR regulon, which respond to the superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide, were studied. Our results revealed not only different levels of background transcription, but different induction levels both in terms of timing and strength. These systematic studies were performed under a uniform parallel platform and have provided insight into the complicated gene regulation of the oxidative stress regulons. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Importance of tumour size in papillary and follicular thyroid cancer
Authors: Passler C , Scheuba C , Asari R , Kaczirek K , Kaserer K , Niederle B 
Published: January 2005

Abstract

Background
The most controversial change in the new pathological tumour node metastasis (pTNM) classification of thyroid tumours is the extension of the pT1 classification to include tumours up to 20 mm.

Methods
Four hundred and three patients with pT1 or pT2 differentiated thyroid carcinomas were divided into three groups according to tumour diameter (group 1, 10 mm or less; group 2, 11–20 mm; group 3, 21–40 mm). They were analysed retrospectively with respect to carcinoma-specific and disease-free survival.

Results
No patient in group 1 died from papillary thyroid carcinoma, compared with three patients in group 2 and six in group 3. There was a statistically significant difference in carcinoma-specific survival between groups 1 and 2 (P = 0·033). Two patients in group 1, six in group 2 and eight in group 3 developed recurrence. The difference in disease-free survival between groups 1 and 2 was significant (P = 0·025). One patient in group 1, three in group 2 and four in group 3 died from follicular thyroid carcinoma, but there were no significant differences in survival between the three groups.

Conclusion
Extension of the pT1 classification to cover all tumours up to 20 mm does not appear to be justified for papillary thyroid carcinoma.
Primary aortoenteric fistula
Authors: Saers S J F , Scheltinga M R M 
Published: January 2005

AbstractBackgroundA primary aortoenteric fistula (PAEF) is a rare clinical entity that results in fatal exsanguination if undiagnosed. The present study investigates whether management and survival have altered over time.MethodsA Medline search was conducted for the period from January 1994 to December 2003. Data were categorized and compared with reviews of PAEF published before this interval.ResultsThe classical triad (gastrointestinal bleeding, pain and a pulsating mass) was present in only 11 per cent of 81 patients. Most PAEFs were caused by an aneurysmal aorta and were almost always (94 per cent) heralded by repetitive gastrointestinal bleeds. Computed tomography (CT) provides images superior to those of other diagnostic modalities, such as gastroduodenoscopy or conventional angiography. Operative mortality rates were lower in later years possibly owing to improvements in perioperative care and the advent of endovascular techniques.ConclusionGastrointestinal bleeding combined with a negative endoscopy in the presence of an aneurysmal aorta suggests PAEF and requires urgent evaluation by CT. Endovascular operation is an attractive treatment option.
Chinese University Home Pages
Authors: Pourciau Lester J. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractIn the fall of 1993, the author spent some five weeks visiting a variety of Chinese universities and lecturing about various features of the Internet. His talks focused on gopher, telnet and FTP capabilities. At the time, there was no Internet connectivity in any of the facilities at which he lectured. In virtually all of the question and answer sessions that followed the lectures, someone would ask how long it might be before the Internet became a reality in China. The author ventured the guess that it might be about one year. In fact, it was well into 1994 when Internet connectivity in China began in earnest. And now two years later, the author takes a look at the degree to which implementation of the Internet and of the World Wide Web has taken place in China.
Bipyridyl‐ and Biphenyl‐DNA: A Recognition Motif Based on Interstrand Aromatic Stacking
Authors: Brotschi Christine , Mathis Gérald , Leumann Christian J. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe synthesis and incorporation into oligonucleotides of C‐nucleosides containing the two aromatic, non‐hydrogen‐bonding nucleobase substitutes biphenyl (I) and bipyridyl (Y) are described. Their homo‐ and hetero‐recognition properties in different sequential arrangements were then investigated via UV‐melting curve analysis, gel mobility assays, CD‐ and NMR spectroscopy. An NMR analysis of a dodecamer duplex containing one biphenyl pair in the center, as well as CD data on duplexes with multiple insertions provide further evidence for the zipper‐like interstrand stacking motif that we proposed earlier based on molecular modeling. UV‐thermal melting experiments with duplexes containing one to up to seven I‐ or Y base pairs revealed a constant increase in Tm in the case of I and a constant decrease for Y. Mixed I/Y base pairs lead to stabilities in between the homoseries. Insertion of alternating I/abasic site‐ or Y/abasic site pairs strongly decreases the thermal stability of duplexes. Asymmetric distribution of I‐ or Y residues on either strand of the duplex were also investigated in this context. Duplexes with three natural base pairs at both ends and 50 % of I pairs in the center are still readily formed, while duplexes with blunt ended I pairs tend to aggregate unspecifically. Duplexes with one natural overhang at the end of a I–I base pair tract can both aggregate or form ordered duplexes, depending on the nature of the natural bases in the overhang.
Reductive Electron Transfer in Phenothiazine‐Modified DNA Is Dependent on the Base Sequence
Authors: Wagner Clemens , Wagenknecht Hans‐Achim 
Published: January 2005

AbstractA new DNA assay has been designed, prepared and applied for the chemical investigation of reductive electron transfer through the DNA. It consists of 5‐(10‐methyl‐phenothiazin‐3‐yl)‐2′‐deoxyuridine (Ptz‐dU, 1) as the photoexcitable electron injector and 5‐bromo‐2′‐deoxyuridine (Br‐dU) as the electron trap. The Ptz‐dU‐modified oligonucleotides were synthesised by means of a Suzuki–Miyaura cross‐coupling protocol and subsequent automated phosphoramidite chemistry. Br‐dU represents a kinetic electron trap, since it undergoes a chemical modification after its one‐electron reduction that can be analysed by piperidine‐induced strand cleavage. The quantification of the strand cleavage yields from irradiation experiments reveals important information about the electron‐transfer efficiency. The performed DNA studies focused on the base sequence dependence of the electron‐transfer efficiency with respect to the proposal that C.− and T.− act as intermediate electron carriers during electron hopping. From our observations it became evident that excess‐electron transfer is highly sequence dependent and occurs more efficiently over T–A base pairs than over C–G base pairs.
Study on the Reaction of Electron‐deficient Cyclopropane Derivatives with Arsonium Ylides
Authors: Chen Ya‐Li , Cao Wei‐Guo , Ding Wei‐Yu , Sun Xiao‐Huaa 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe reaction of electron‐deficient cyclopropane derivatives, cis‐1‐methoxycarbonyl‐2‐aryl‐6,6‐dimethyl‐5,7‐dioxospiro[2,5]octa‐4,8‐diones with benzoylmethylenetriphenylarsorane (2) and methoxycarbonylmethylene‐triphenylarsorane (4) was found to form cis,trans‐1‐methoxycarbonyl‐2‐aryl‐3‐benzoyl‐7,7‐dimethyl‐6,8‐dioxo‐spiro[3,5]nona‐5,9‐dione (3a–3e) and trans, cis,trans‐5‐[2′‐methoxycarbonyl‐2′‐(triphenylarsoranylidene)acetyl]‐6‐oxo‐3‐aryl‐tetrahydro‐pyran‐2,4‐dicarboxylic acid dimethyl esters (5a–5c) respectively with high stereoselectivity. The possible reaction mechanisms for the formation of the different products were also proposed.
Impact of ductal resection margin status on long‐term survival in patients undergoing resection for extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Wakai Toshifumi , Shirai Yoshio , Moroda Tetsuya , Yokoyama Naoyuki , Hatakeyama Katsuyoshi 
Published: January 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe current study was performed to clarify whether the presence of residual carcinoma in situ at ductal resection margins differs prognostically from residual invasive ductal lesions in patients undergoing surgical resection for extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.METHODSA retrospective analysis of 84 patients with extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma who underwent surgical resection was conducted. The ductal resection margin status was classified as negative (n = 64 patients), positive with carcinoma in situ (n = 11 patients), or positive with invasive carcinoma (n = 9 patients). The median follow‐up period was 105 months.RESULTSDuctal margin status was found to be a strong independent prognostic factor by both univariate (P = 0.0002) and multivariate (P = 0.0039) analyses. The outcome after surgical resection was comparable between patients with negative ductal margins (median survival time of 45 months; cumulative 10‐year survival rate of 40%) and those with positive ductal margins with carcinoma in situ (median survival time of 99 months; cumulative 10‐year survival rate of 23%; P = 0.4742). In patients with positive ductal margins, the outcome was found to be significantly better in patients with residual carcinoma in situ than in those with residual invasive carcinoma (median survival time of 21 months; cumulative 5‐year survival rate of 0%; P = 0.0003). Of 11 patients with residual carcinoma in situ, 4 died of tumor recurrence and the initial site of the disease recurrence was local. All 9 patients with residual invasive carcinoma died of disease recurrence (local recurrence with or without distant metastases) within 40 months after surgical resection.CONCLUSIONSAfter surgical resection for extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, invasive carcinoma at ductal resection margins appears to have a strong adverse effect on patient survival, whereas residual carcinoma in situ does not. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Seismic design of bridges accounting for spatial variability of ground motion
Authors: Lupoi A. , Franchin P. , Pinto P. E. , Monti G. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe effects of the spatial variability of the ground motion on the response of bridge structures are investigated in this study. Following a well‐established convention, the phenomenon is represented as the combined effect of three causes: the loss of coherence of the motion with distance, the wave‐passage, and the local site conditions. Since the nature and amount of non‐synchronism vary within ample limits a statistical approach is adopted. A parametric study is carried out on a representative set of bridges subjected to carefully selected combinations of the factors inducing spatial variability.The investigation has shown that the phenomenon affects the response considerably and, hence, the level of protection of these structures. It is observed that for all bridge types considered, the ductility demands at the base of the piers in the presence of spatial variability increase in the majority of cases. Further, for a given bridge type, the probabilities of failure vary by more than one order of magnitude depending on the combination of the parameters.Attention has been focused on a parameter representing the ratio between the maximum curvature ductility demand and the same quantity for the case of fully synchronous motion. This parameter has been used to correct the conventional synchronous design procedure by increasing the available ductility. The re‐analysis of all the cases with a modified ductility capacity shows that the procedure is effective in reducing the fragilities to the values corresponding to synchronous input. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A preliminary parametric study on performance of SARS virus cleaner using CFD simulation
Authors: Lu W. Z. , Leung A. Y. T. , Yan S. H. , So A. T. P. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractSevere acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) virus cleaner is a newly developed equipment that can provide a localized, more effective way to remove body fluids with SARS virus emitted by SARS patients inside SARS triage ward during the deep‐cutting therapy. One of the major concerns is how to achieve the effective removal of poisoned fluid by such individual extraction system. The most realized way of gathering data for optimization would be to perform an in situ measurement. However, such a method is dangerous and ineffective since the virus is highly infectious and can hardly be visualized. With the merit of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), large data can be generated by computational simulations. The parametric numerical simulation presented is a cost‐effective study that makes use of CFD. In the numerical experiments, viruses are assumed as airborne contaminants and their dispersion is modelled by species continuity equation. In numerical simulations, coughing of patients is modelled by a sudden high velocity jet with contaminated air. To optimize the performance of the extraction system, different extracting flow‐rates combined with different extraction hood plans are considered. It is expected to find out the optimal hood/room plan and the minimum possible virus spread via CFD simulations. The CFD results may also provide information for further improving the current prototype of SARS virus cleaner. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Particle methods
Authors: Brackbill J. U. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThree, very different particle methods, PIC, SPH and vortex‐blob methods, are compared. Results on consistency and stability are collected. A PIC instability, its properties, and its resolution by stability in the energy norm is discussed at some length. Examples are given of the mutual exchange between computational fluid dynamics and plasma modelling. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Shock wave numerical structure and the carbuncle phenomenon
Authors: Chauvat Y. , Moschetta J.‐M. , Gressier J. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractSince the development of shock‐capturing methods, the carbuncle phenomenon has been reported to be a spurious solution produced by almost all currently available contact‐preserving methods. The present analysis indicates that the onset of carbuncle phenomenon is actually strongly related to the shock wave numerical structure. A matrix‐based stability analysis as well as Euler finite volume computations are compared to illustrate the importance of the internal shock structure to trigger the carbuncle phenomenon. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dexamethasone decreases temozolomide‐induced apoptosis in human gliobastoma T98G cells
Authors: Sur Pratima , Sribnick Eric A. , Patel Sunil J. , Ray Swapan K. , Banik Naren L. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractHuman glioblastoma is a deadly brain tumor that is often treated with a combination of drugs. A new alkylating agent, temozolomide (TMZ), has recently been found efficacious in the clinical trials for glioblastoma. Steroids, such as dexamethasone (DXM), are often used concomitantly as a supportive therapy to treat cerebral edema. However, any possible modulatory effect of the steroids on the efficacy of TMZ has not yet been evaluated experimentally. In this study, we have examined whether DXM provides synergistic or antagonistic effect on TMZ‐induced apoptosis in human glioblastoma T98G cells. T98G cells were pretreated with various doses of DXM followed by TMZ. The cell viability was assessed by the trypan blue dye exclusion test. Wright staining and the TdT‐mediated dUTP nick‐end labeling (TUNEL) assay were used to evaluate apoptotic cell death based on the morphological and biochemical (DNA fragmentation) features, respectively. More biochemical features of apoptotic death, such as upregulation of Bax:Bcl‐2 ratio, calpain activity, and caspase‐3 activity, were assessed by Western blot analysis. A significant number of T98G cells committed apoptosis after treatment with 200 μM TMZ. However, a pretreatment with 100 μM or 200 μM DXM protected T98G cells against TMZ‐induced apoptosis, concomitantly decreasing Bax:Bcl‐2 ratio, calpain activity, and caspase‐3 activity. These experimental results indicate that DXM works as an antagonistic agent in combination with TMZ. Therefore, our investigation strongly implies that the combination of DXM and TMZ may be counteractive in treating human glioblastoma. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Assessing the performance of irrigation schemes with minimum data on water deliveries1
Authors: Sam‐Amoah L.K. , Gowing J.W. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThis paper highlights an approach to assessing the performance of the water delivery system from the perspective of farmers. The methodology uses the concept of fuzzy set theory to analyse the responses from farmers concerning their perception of the irrigation service provided. The paper takes the view that as part of performance assessment of schemes where data on water delivery are not available or their integrity cannot be guaranteed, it is possible to use farmers' assessment to determine how effective the water delivery system is. The methodology was applied in a case study of Dawhenya irrigation scheme in Ghana. By decomposing the utility into reliability, timing and tractability and subsequently applying fuzzy set theory to the analysis of the linguistic responses of farmers, this study has enabled us to assess how well the water delivery system is performing from the point of view of the most important stakeholders – the farmers. The analysis indicated that the most important factor was reliability followed by tractability and timing in that order, while the farmers' level of satisfaction with the factors in order of increasing satisfaction was: timing, reliability and tractability. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Irrigation, drainage and flood protection in a rapidly changing world
Authors: Schultz Bart 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe development and management of irrigation, drainage and flood protection schemes are confronted with rapidly changing conditions, especially in the least and emerging developing countries. Issues at stake are the need to increase food production significantly, the development of water shortages, pollution of water resources, the increased requirement for flood management and flood protection schemes, the need for sustainable development and possible impacts of climate changes.In this paper focus is on how these issues may play a role in the development of irrigation, drainage and flood protection measures and schemes under different climatological and socio‐economic conditions. In line with this the Strategy for Action of the International Commission on Irrigation and Drainage (ICID) is presented, showing the contributions the ICID is making in answer to these challenges. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.