bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Double-gradient seismic metamaterials with zero-frequency bandgap characteristic in a layered soil medium
Authors: Shi Nannan , Liu Han , Wang Lihui , Ji Jinbao , Li Zhenbao , Guo Shui , Wang Jian 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Seismic metamaterials (SMs) are an artificially composite material designed within the sub-wavelength range. To attenuate low-frequency seismic surface waves, a metamaterial structural unit composed of a lead core and an auxetic foam coating layer was proposed; the higher impedance ratio results in the creation of a zero-frequency bandgap under layered soil conditions. To broaden the attenuation zone (AZ), double-gradient seismic metamaterials (DGSMs) were designed. The frequency domain analysis indicates that the attenuation area covering the range of 0–10 Hz is 89.8%. Through displacement-field analysis, the attenuation mechanism of DGSM on specific frequency surface waves can be fully explained. Finally, Taft seismic wave excitation is input for time history analysis, and the acceleration amplitude within 0–2 Hz decreases by 58.6%, which verifies the effectiveness of DGSMs in attenuation of low-frequency seismic waves.
LMS-Based Pediatric Reference Values for Parameters of Phosphate Homeostasis in the HARP Cohort
Authors: Pott Veronika , Tietze Helene , Kanzelmeyer Nele , von der Born Jeannine , Baumann Ulrich , Mindermann Charlotte , Suhlrie Adriana , Drube Jens , Melk Anette , Das Anibh M , Schnabel Dirk , Haffner Dieter , Leifheit-Nestler Maren 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Context
The assessment of phosphate homeostasis in children is challenging due to the marked changes in laboratory parameters during growth and development, and the lack of adequate reference values.

Objective
To develop Lambda-Mu-Sigma (LMS)-based continuous pediatric reference percentiles for 7 key laboratory parameters of phosphate homeostasis.

Methods
This cross-sectional, single-center study, the HAnnover Reference values for Pediatrics (HARP) study, included 455 children aged 0.1-18 years (254 boys) from outpatient hospital clinics and a secondary school program. Main outcome measures were LMS-based continuous reference percentiles for serum phosphate, plasma intact fibroblast growth factor 23 (iFGF23), and its cofactor soluble Klotho (sKlotho), tubular maximum phosphate reabsorption per glomerular filtration rate (TmP/GFR), fractional tubular reabsorption of phosphate (TRP), and urinary calcium/creatinine (Ca/Crea) and phosphate/creatinine (Pi/Crea) ratios.

Results
LMS-based percentiles and z-scores were established for 7 key laboratory parameters of phosphate homeostasis, which were all found to be age-dependent. Serum phosphate, TmP/GFR, and sKlotho associated with sex. Serum phosphate, TmP/GFR, and urinary Ca/Crea and Pi/Crea levels were highest in infancy and declined until age 18 years, while phosphate and TmP/GFR values reached adult levels earlier in girls compared to boys. iFGF23 concentrations are highest in infancy and fall to a stable plateau by 4 years of age, while sKlotho peaks during adolescence.

Conclusion
This is the first report of LMS-based continuous pediatric reference percentiles for key laboratory parameters of phosphate homeostasis that allow calculation of standardized patient z-scores to facilitate test result interpretation in children and adolescents.
Associations Between Physical Activity and the Risk of Hip Fracture Depending on Glycemic Status: A Nationwide Cohort Study
Authors: Kim Kyoung Min , Kim Kyoung Jin , Han Kyungdo , Rhee Yumie 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Context
Although physical activity (PA) is recognized to reduce fracture risk, whether its benefits differ according to glycemic status remains unknown.

Objective
We investigated the effect of PA on incident hip fracture (HF) according to glycemic status.

Methods
We studied 3 723 097 patients older than 50 without type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) or past fractures. HF risks were calculated using Cox proportional hazard regression. Participants were categorized by glycemic status into 5 groups: normal glucose tolerance, impaired fasting glucose, new-onset type 2 DM, type 2 DM less than 5 years, and type 2 DM of 5 years or greater. PA was evaluated using the Korean adaptation of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form.

Results
The highest HF risk were associated with the lowest PA level (&lt;500 metabolic equivalent task [MET]-min/wk). While similar risks emerged across MET 500 to 1000, 1000 to 1500, and greater than 1500 categories, the relationship showed variations in different glycemic status groups. Exceptions were particularly noted in women with normoglycemia. However, a consistent inverse pattern, with few exceptions, was observed both in men and women with type 2 DM of 5 years or greater. Furthermore, the benefit of PA in the prevention of HFs was most evident in participants with type 2 DM of 5 years or greater. Compared to the reference group (lowest physical activity level &lt;500 MET-min/wk within type 2 DM ≥5 years), the adjusted hazard ratios were 0.74 (0.62-0.88) in men and 0.74 (0.62-0.89) in women, suggesting a significant reduction in risk.

Conclusion
Higher PA levels are associated with a lower risk of HF. This protective effect of PA on fracture risk is greatest in patients with DM, particularly in those with DM of 5 years or greater.
“There Are Lives Here”
Authors: McDowell Robin 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The Bonnet Carré Spillway, a mile-long concrete and wood weir in St. Charles Parish, Louisiana, is embedded in a landscape of flood control infrastructure and an institutionally repressed history of the Black communities displaced for its construction from 1929 to 1931. Two cemeteries of enslaved and formerly enslaved people were plowed under and then resurfaced decades later, prompting a movement for commemoration led by descendants. Through histories of both the spillway structure and that of enslaved and formerly enslaved communities, this article examines a growing movement for commemoration that challenges and dismantles the political infrastructure generated by and for the preservation of physical infrastructure.
Developing Mixed-Effects Models to Compare the Predictive Ability of Various Comorbidity Indices in a Contemporary Cohort of Patients Undergoing Lumbar Fusion
Authors: Shahrestani Shane , Reardon Taylor , Brown Nolan J. , Kuo Cathleen C. , Gendreau Julian , Singh Rohin , Patel Neal A. , Chou Dean , Chan Andrew K. 
Published: October 2023

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
As incidence of operative spinal pathology continues to grow, so do the rates of lumbar spinal fusion procedures. Comorbidity indices can be used preoperatively to predict potential complications. However, there is a paucity of research defining the optimal comorbidity indices in patients undergoing spinal fusion surgery. We aimed to use modeling strategies to evaluate the predictive validity of various comorbidity indices and combinations thereof.

METHODS:
Patients who underwent spinal fusion were queried using data from the Nationwide Readmissions Database for the years 2016 through 2019. Using comorbidity indices as predictor variables, receiver operating characteristic curves were developed for pertinent complications such as mortality, nonroutine discharge, top-quartile cost, top-quartile length of stay, and 30-day readmission.

RESULTS:
A total of 750 183 patients were included. Nonroutine discharges occurred in 161 077 (21.5%) patients. The adjusted all-payer cost for the procedure was $37 616.97 ± $27 408.86 (top quartile: $45 409.20), and the length of stay was 4.1 ± 4.4 days (top quartile: 8.1 days). By comparing receiver operating characteristics of various models, it was found that models using Frailty + Elixhauser Comorbidity Index (ECI) as the primary predictor performed better than other models with statistically significant P-values on post hoc testing. However, for prediction of mortality, the model using Frailty + ECI was not better than the model using ECI alone (P = .23), and for prediction of all-payer cost, the ECI model outperformed the models using frailty alone (P < .0001) and the model using Frailty + ECI (P < .0001).

CONCLUSION:
This investigation is the first to use big data and modeling strategies to delineate the relative predictive utility of the ECI and Johns Hopkins Adjusted Clinical Groups comorbidity indices for the prognostication of patients undergoing lumbar fusion surgery. With the knowledge gained from our models, spine surgeons, payers, and hospitals may be able to identify vulnerable patients more effectively within their practice who may require a higher degree of resource utilization.
C1 Transposterior Arch Lateral Mass Screws Combined With C2 Pedicle Screw and Rod Fixation for Pediatric Atlantoaxial Subluxation: A Minimal 10-Year Follow-up Outcome Analysis
Authors: Zheng Gang , Yuan Bo , Zhao Yin , Guo Qunfeng , Li Fengning , Xu Zheng , Jia Lianshun , Chen Xiongsheng , Guo Xiang 
Published: October 2023

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:Although the short-term outcomes of the 1-step reduction and fixation technique using C1 transposterior arch lateral mass screws combined with C2 pedicle screw and rod fixation system for the treatment of pediatric atlantoaxial subluxation (AAS) have been satisfactory, its long-term outcomes and impact on spinal development are not well studied. This study was intended to assess the long-term reliability of this technique for pediatric AAS.METHODS:A retrospective case series study was conducted to analyze the minimum 10-year follow-up outcomes from 7 pediatric patients with AAS who underwent atlantoaxial fusion using the aforementioned technique. Quality of life and cervical range of motion were both measured thoroughly. In addition, vertical growth within the fusion construct (C1-2), overall cervical alignment, and subaxial cervical spine degeneration were evaluated radiographically.RESULTS:The mean age of the 7 patients was 8.14 ± 2.41 (6-12) years at the time of surgery. The mean follow-up period was 11.00 ± 1.15 (10-13) years. No patients presented identifiable intervertebral disk degeneration or segmental instability in the subaxial cervical spine except for 1 patient who showed mild intervertebral disk degeneration. Vertical growth did continue within the atlantoaxial complex after surgery (11.90% ± 2.37%); however, there was a decrease in the percentage of vertical growth compared with the corresponding normal populations of the same age and sex. Moreover, there was a significant decrease in the range of cervical extension and rotation motion, and the overall cervical alignment straightened at the latest follow-up.CONCLUSION:The 1-step reduction and fixation technique is a relatively reliable surgical technique for pediatric AAS, which does not adversely affect the postoperative quality of life or the subaxial cervical degeneration. Nevertheless, certain limitations, such as decreased cervical range of motion and changes in cervical alignment, should be concerned.
Atypical MAP kinases – new insights and directions from amoeba
Authors: Hadwiger Jeffrey A. , Aranda Ramee G. , Fatima Saher 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT
Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) have been the focus of many studies over the past several decades, but the understanding of one subgroup of MAPKs, orthologs of MAPK15, known as atypical MAPKs, has lagged behind others. In most organisms, specific activating signals or downstream responses of atypical MAPK signaling pathways have not yet been identified even though these MAPKs are associated with many eukaryotic processes, including cancer and embryonic development. In this Review, we discuss recent studies that are shedding new light on both the regulation and function of atypical MAPKs in different organisms. In particular, the analysis of the atypical MAPK in the amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum has revealed important roles in chemotactic responses and gene regulation. The rapid and transient phosphorylation of the atypical MAPK in these responses suggest a highly regulated activation mechanism in vivo despite the ability of atypical MAPKs to autophosphorylate in vitro. Atypical MAPK function can also impact the activation of other MAPKs in amoeba. These advances are providing new perspectives on possible MAPK roles in animals that have not been previously considered, and this might lead to the identification of potential targets for regulating cell movement in the treatment of diseases.
T2 Hamstring Muscle Activation during the Single-Leg Roman Chair: Impact of Prior Injury
Authors: Van Hooren Bas , Vicente-Mampel Juan , Piqueras-Sanchiz Francisco , Baraja-Vegas Luis , Bautista Iker Javier 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT

Introduction/Purpose
Previous studies have shown inhibition of previously injured hamstrings during eccentric exercises, but it is unknown whether this effect is also present during an isometric position-control exercise such as the single-leg Roman chair hold (SLRCH).

Methods
This cross-sectional study investigated muscle activation during the SLRCH in individuals with prior hamstring injuries. Twelve recreationally active male soccer players and athletes performed the SLRCH with a five-repetition maximum load. Muscle activation was assessed using the transverse relaxation (T2) time for the biceps femoris long and short heads (BFlh and BFsh), semitendinosus (ST), semimembranosus, and adductor magnus and compared within and between legs. Muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) was also quantified.

Results
T2 times significantly increased for all muscles except the adductor magnus in both legs. In both legs, the ST showed a significantly larger increase in T2 time compared with all other muscles. The BFlh showed a significantly smaller increase in T2 time in the injured leg compared with the uninjured leg (−7.1%), whereas there were no significant differences between legs for the other muscles. Muscle CSA for any of the muscles did not significantly differ between the injured and uninjured legs.

Conclusion
The ST was preferentially activated during the SLRCH in both the uninjured and injured legs, but the magnitude of preferential activation was smaller (~10%) than observed previously during eccentric exercises (~17%–30%). Furthermore, the BFlh in the previously injured leg was activated less compared with the BFlh in the uninjured leg, despite no differences in muscle CSA.
Numerical Multiscale Methods for Waves in High-Contrast Media
Authors: Verfürth Barbara 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMultiscale high-contrast media can cause astonishing wave propagation phenomena through resonance effects. For instance, waves could be exponentially damped independent of the incident angle or waves could be re-focused as through a lense. In this review article, we discuss the numerical treatment of wave propagation through multiscale high-contrast media at the example of the Helmholtz equation. First, we briefly summarize the findings of analytical homogenization theory, which inspire the design of numerical methods and indicate interesting regimes for simulation. In the main part, we discuss two different classes of numerical multiscale methods and focus on how to treat especially high-contrast media. Some elements of a priori error analysis are discussed as well. Various numerical simulations showcase the applicability of the numerical methods to explore unusual wave phenomena, for instance exponential damping and lensing with flat interfaces.
Long-term risk of arrhythmias in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: A population-based, sibling-controlled cohort study
Authors: Sun Jiangwei , Roelstraete Bjorn , Svennberg Emma , Halfvarson Jonas , Sundström Johan , Forss Anders , Olén Ola , Ludvigsson Jonas F. 
Published: October 2023

Background
Although previous evidence has suggested an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), its association with arrhythmias is inconclusive. In this study, we aimed to explore the long-term risk of arrhythmias in patients with IBD.

Methods and findings
Through a nationwide histopathology cohort, we identified patients with biopsy-confirmed IBD in Sweden during 1969 to 2017, including Crohn’s disease (CD: n = 24,954; median age at diagnosis: 38.4 years; female: 52.2%), ulcerative colitis (UC: n = 46,856; 42.1 years; 46.3%), and IBD-unclassified (IBD-U: n = 12,067; 43.8 years; 49.6%), as well as their matched reference individuals and IBD-free full siblings. Outcomes included overall and specific arrhythmias (e.g., atrial fibrillation/flutter, bradyarrhythmias, other supraventricular arrhythmias, and ventricular arrhythmias/cardiac arrest). Flexible parametric survival models estimated hazard ratios (aHR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs), after adjustment for birth year, sex, county of residence, calendar year, country of birth, educational attainment, number of healthcare visits, and cardiovascular-related comorbidities. Over a median of approximately 10 years of follow-up, 1,904 (7.6%) patients with CD, 4,154 (8.9%) patients with UC, and 990 (8.2%) patients with IBD-U developed arrhythmias, compared with 6.7%, 7.5%, and 6.0% in reference individuals, respectively. Compared with reference individuals, overall arrhythmias were increased in patients with CD [54.6 versus 46.1 per 10,000 person-years; aHR = 1.15 (95% CI [1.09, 1.21], P < 0.001)], patients with UC [64.7 versus 53.3 per 10,000 person-years; aHR = 1.14 (95% CI [1.10, 1.18], P < 0.001)], and patients with IBD-U [78.1 versus 53.5 per 10,000 person-years; aHR = 1.30 (95% CI [1.20, 1.41], P < 0.001)]. The increased risk persisted 25 years after diagnosis, corresponding to 1 extra arrhythmia case per 80 CD, 58 UC, and 29 IBD-U cases over the same period. Patients with IBD also had a significantly increased risk of specific arrhythmias, except for bradyarrhythmias. Sibling comparison analyses confirmed the main findings. Study limitations include lack of clinical data to define IBD activity, not considering the potential role of IBD medications and disease activity, and the potential residual confounding from unmeasured factors for arrhythmias.

Conclusions
In this study, we observed that patients with IBD were at an increased risk of developing arrhythmias. The excess risk persisted even 25 years after IBD diagnosis. Our findings indicate a need for awareness of this excess risk among healthcare professionals.
Covariates of a healthy diet and physical activity self-management one year after Bariatric surgery: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Maghsoodlo Maryam , Shakibazadeh Elham , Barzin Maryam , Salimi Yahya , Mokhtari Zeinab , Yaseri Mehdi 
Published: October 2023

Background
Healthy diet and physical activity self-management is important in maintaining weight loss and preventing weight regain after bariatric surgery. We aimed at evaluating covariates of healthy diet and physical activity self-management among patients undergone bariatric surgery using Health Action Process Approach (HAPA) model.

Method
In this cross-sectional study, 272 patients with a history of bariatric surgery were selected from the data registry of Tehran Obesity Treatment Study (TOTS). Data were collected using bariatric surgery self-management standard questionnaire (BSSQ), and items based on HAPA model for healthy diet and physical activity self-management. Data were analyzed using Path analysis and AMOS version 24.

Results
The mean score of self-management was (32 ± 10SD). Coping planning construct (β = 0.22; p<0.001) and risk perception (β = 0.02; p<0.01) in dietary self-management and action planning (β = 0.16; p = 0.001) and risk perception (β = 0.001; p = 0.17) in physical activity self-management had the highest and lowest effect powers, respectively. Coping planning (β = 0.22; p<0.001) and action planning (β = 0.17; p<0.03) in diet, and action planning (β = 0.16; p = 0.010) in physical activity were significantly related to self-management. Also, task-coping self-efficacy (β = 0.28; and p<0.001), outcome expectancies (β = 0.37; p<0.001), risk perception (β = 0.13; p = 0.015) in diet and coping self-efficacy (β = 0.50; p<0.001), outcome expectancies (β = 0.12; p = 0.021) in physical activity were significantly related to behavioral intention. The values of CFI = 0.939 and RMSEA = 0.052 for diet and CFI = 0.948 and RMSEA = 0.048 for physical activity indicated adequate fit.

Conclusion
HAPA was applicable as a framework for interventions promoting healthy diet and physical activity self-management in patients who have undergone bariatric surgery.
Investigating mental representations of psychoactive substance use and other potentially addictive behaviors using a data driven network-based clustering method
Authors: File Domonkos , File Bálint , Bőthe Beáta , Griffiths Mark D. , Demetrovics Zsolt 
Published: October 2023

Background and aims
The aim of the present study was to examine the mental representations of the use of different substances and other potentially addictive behaviors in order to explore meaningful similarities and differences that may contribute to a better understanding of behavioral addictions’ representations and diagnostic criteria.

Methods
The authors mapped the mental and emotional representations of 661 participants (70.5% women; Mage = 35.2 years, SD = 11.7) to the concept "your most disturbing excessive activity" using free-word associations combined with a network-based clustering method.

Results
The network analyses identified four distinct mental representations, three implicating dominantly negative (Guilt/Shame/Relief, Addiction/Health, and Procrastination/Boredom) and one dominantly positive emotion (Stress/Relaxation). The distribution of Addiction/Health and Procrastination/Boredom representations were different across substance use and problem behaviors, indicating meaningful differences in the underlying cognitive evaluation processes. The Addiction/Health representation was more frequent for substances, while for other addictive behaviors, the Procrastination/Boredom representation was more frequent, and its frequency increased with the self-reported intensity of the behavior. Guilt/Shame/Relief was equally common for both substances and behaviors, but importantly, for substances its’ likelihood increased with the intensity of use.

Conclusion
The common part of representations for substance use and other potentially addictive behaviors supports the scientific viewpoint, that real addictions can exist even in the absence of psychoactive drugs. Based on the results, a novel proposition is posited, that a more appropriate indicator of tolerance for problem behaviors might be the perceived amount of time wasted on the activity rather than the actual time spent.