bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamically triggered seismicity on a tectonic scale: A review
Authors: Qi Chengzhi , Wang Mingyang , Kocharyan Gevorg , Kunitskikh Artem , Wang Zefan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractEarthquakes triggered by dynamic disturbances have been confirmed by numerous observations and experiments. In the past several decades, earthquake triggering has attracted increasing attention of scholars in relation to exploring the mechanism of earthquake triggering, earthquake prediction, and the desire to use the mechanism of earthquake triggering to reduce, prevent, or trigger earthquakes. Natural earthquakes and large‐scale explosions are the most common sources of dynamic disturbances that trigger earthquakes. In the past several decades, some models have been developed, including static, dynamic, quasi‐static, and other models. Some reviews have been published, but explosion‐triggered seismicity was not included. In recent years, some new results on earthquake triggering have emerged. Therefore, this paper presents a new review to reflect the new results and include the content of explosion‐triggered earthquakes for the reference of scholars in this area. Instead of a complete review of the relevant literature, this paper primarily focuses on the main aspects of dynamic earthquake triggering on a tectonic scale and makes some suggestions on issues that need to be resolved in this area in the future.
Wind turbine condition monitoring based on double‐layer ensemble KNN method
Authors: Zhang Shuyao , Huang Kezhen , Liu Changliang , Tian Wenwen , Liu Shuai 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAn ensemble K‐nearest neighbor model based on the double‐layer sampling method was proposed for the condition monitoring of wind turbine (WT) gearboxes. The distance function was improved to affinity distance, which helped overcome the limitation of obtaining local optimums. The feature priority was calculated based on the regularized mutual information, and a double‐layer sampling method combining data and feature sampling was designed. On the basis of the statistical process control technology, the warning threshold was designed and the real‐time residual was analyzed. The condition of the gearbox was monitored by combining the failure rate. Experimental results with real supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) data demonstrated that the proposed method improved the estimation accuracy of the model and could realize early fault warnings of a WT gearbox approximately 20 days earlier than the SCADA system.
Effects of whole nutritional formula foods on nutritional improvement and intestinal flora in malnourished rats
Authors: Qu Di , Bo Pan‐Pan , Li Zhi‐Man , Sun Yin‐Shi 
Published: November 2023

AbstractFood for special medical purposes (FSMP) has received increasing attention as an enteral nutritional supplement. To investigate the effects of whole nutritional formula (WNF) containing dietary fiber and regular formula on nutritional supplementation and improvement of intestinal microecology, a rat malnutrition model was established with the formulations of WNF, FOS, and SDF (10, 20 g/kg bw) administered by gavage for 30 days. The results showed that the three formulations effectively improved the nutritional status of the malnourished rats, significantly increasing the level of IgG, increasing the abundance of Bacteroidetes, and affecting the content of propionic acid (PRO). The nutritional status of rats is closely related to growth performance, nutritional indexes, and immunoglobulin index, which cause changes in the composition of the intestinal flora. The above results showed that WNF positively affected the nutritional improvement, immune level, and intestinal health of rats. The comprehensive evaluation also suggested that the formulation containing ginseng water‐soluble dietary fiber (ginseng‐SDF) had the most significant effect.
Proteomic profiling of interferon‐responsive reactive astrocytes in rodent and human
Authors: Prakash Priya , Erdjument‐Bromage Hediye , O'Dea Michael R. , Munson Christy N. , Labib David , Fossati Valentina , Neubert Thomas A. , Liddelow Shane A. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAstrocytes are a heterogeneous population of central nervous system glial cells that respond to pathological insults and injury by undergoing a transformation called “reactivity.” Reactive astrocytes exhibit distinct and context‐dependent cellular, molecular, and functional state changes that can either support or disturb tissue homeostasis. We recently identified a reactive astrocyte sub‐state defined by interferon‐responsive genes like Igtp, Ifit3, Mx1, and others, called interferon‐responsive reactive astrocytes (IRRAs). To further this transcriptomic definition of IRRAs, we wanted to define the proteomic changes that occur in this reactive sub‐state. We induced IRRAs in immunopanned rodent astrocytes and human iPSC‐differentiated astrocytes using TNF, IL1α, C1Q, and IFNβ and characterized their proteomic profile (both cellular and secreted) using unbiased quantitative proteomics. We identified 2335 unique cellular proteins, including IFIT2/3, IFITM3, OASL1/2, MX1/2/3, and STAT1. We also report that rodent and human IRRAs secrete PAI1, a serine protease inhibitor which may influence reactive states and functions of nearby cells. Finally, we evaluated how IRRAs are distinct from neurotoxic reactive astrocytes (NRAs). While NRAs are described by expression of the complement protein C3, it was not upregulated in IRRAs. Instead, we found ~90 proteins unique to IRRAs not identified in NRAs, including OAS1A, IFIT3, and MX1. Interferon signaling in astrocytes is critical for the antiviral immune response and for regulating synaptic plasticity and glutamate transport mechanisms. How IRRAs contribute to these functions is unknown. This study provides the basis for future experiments to define the functional roles of IRRAs in the context of neurodegenerative disorders.
Fingolimod (FTY720), an FDA‐approved sphingosine 1‐phosphate (S1P) receptor agonist, restores endothelial hyperpermeability in cellular and animal models of dengue virus serotype 2 infection
Authors: Modak Ayan , Mishra Srishti Rajkumar , Awasthi Mansi , Aravind Arya , Singh Sneha , Sreekumar Easwaran 
Published: November 2023

AbstractExtensive vascular leakage and shock is a major cause of dengue‐associated mortality. At present, there are no specific treatments available. Sphingolipid pathway is a key player in the endothelial barrier integrity; and is mediated through the five sphingosine‐1‐phosphate receptors (S1PR1‐S1PR5). Signaling through S1PR2 promotes barrier disruption; and in Dengue virus (DENV)‐infection, there is overexpression of this receptor. Fingolimod (FTY720) is a specific agonist that targets the remaining barrier‐protective S1P receptors, without targeting S1PR2. In the present study, we explored whether FTY720 treatment can alleviate DENV‐induced endothelial hyperpermeability. In functional assays, in both in vitro systems and in AG129 animal models, FTY720 treatment was found effective. Upon treatment, there was complete restoration of the monolayer integrity in DENV serotype 2‐infected human microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC‐1). At the molecular level, the treatment reversed activation of the S1P pathway. It significantly reduced the phosphorylation of the key molecules such as PTEN, RhoA, and VE‐Cadherin; and also, the expression levels of S1PR2. In DENV2‐infected AG129 mice treated with FTY720, there was significant improvement in weight gain, in overall clinical symptoms, and in survival. Whereas 100% of the DENV2‐infected, untreated animals died by day‐10 post‐infection, 70% of the FTY720‐treated animals were alive; and at the end of the 15‐day post‐infection observation period, 30% of them were still surviving. There was a significant reduction in the Evan's‐blue dye permeability in the organs of FTY720‐treated, DENV‐2 infected animals; and also improvement in the hemogram, with complete restoration of thrombocytopenia and hepatic function. Our results show that the FDA‐approved molecule Fingolimod (FTY720) is a promising therapeutic intervention in severe dengue.
Board gender diversity and cost of debt financing: Evidence from Latin American and the Caribbean firms
Authors: Gonzalez‐Ruiz Juan David , Marín‐Rodríguez Nini Johana , Peña Alejandro 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis research examines the relationship between board gender diversity and the cost of debt financing in Latin American and Caribbean firms. We implement the Fuzzy Logistic Autoencoder model, using data for 470 firms spanning 2016–2021 from the Eikon Refinitiv Thomson Reuters database. Our findings suggest that the variables independent board, policy board diversity, sustainable development goal 5, executive gender diversity, and governance consistently demonstrated effects on reducing the short‐term and long‐term debt cost over the period analyzed. Consequently, the potential benefits of including women on the board of directors are conducive to improving the firm's reputation, which materializes in reducing the cost of debt. The results offer valuable insights to researchers and investors seeking to understand the role of BGD composition within firms and its financial impact.
Rethinking narratives about youth experiencing homelessness: The influence of self‐determined motivation and peer relations on coping
Authors: Napoleon Jenilee‐Sarah , Weva Vanessa K. , Evans David W. , Namdari Reyhane , Francois Tamarah , Sherman Jessica , Morisseau Nancy , Lafontant Emmanuel , Atkinson Kristi , Miller Sydney , Kidd Sean A. , Burack Jacob A. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractUsing the cognitive appraisal theory of coping and the self‐determination theory of motivation, we examined the shared variance of motivational orientations, attachment relationships, and gender on adaptive and maladaptive coping among youth experiencing homelessness. Several scales including The Global Motivation Scale (assessing motivational orientations; i.e., autonomous and controlled motivation), the Brief Cope (adaptive and maladaptive coping strategies), and the Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment (self‐perceptions of relationships with mothers, fathers, and peers) were administered to 102 youth aged between 16 and 24 (Mage = 20, SD = 2.07) years recruited from an evening program for youth experiencing homelessness in Montreal, Canada. Autonomous motivation was positively associated with engagement in effective coping strategies, while controlled motivation was positively linked to maladaptive coping. Moderation analyses were used to examine whether gender and relationships with attachment figures moderated the relationship between motivation and coping. A significant main effect of peer attachment on adaptive coping emerged, in which greater peer attachment was related to more adaptive coping among the youth. No interaction effects resulted. Although no significant moderating effects were associated with essential relationships and gender, further research implementing a more nuanced approach to assessing the interaction between these constructs may be warranted. Overall, the findings highlight the importance of intervention programs for youth experiencing homelessness, that focus on enhancing autonomous motivation and utilizing peer support to optimize the use of adaptive coping strategies.
Gastric adenocarcinoma of the fundic gland type: A review of the literature
Authors: Zhai Zhiyong , Hu Wei , Huang Zhaoyu , Chen Zemin , Lu Sicun , Gong Wei 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackground and AimGastric adenocarcinoma of the fundic gland type (GA‐FG) is a newly described tumor entity but lacking consensus. This review summarizes the key features and controversies regarding this uncommon neoplasm.MethodsWe reviewed studies on GA‐FG published in English from 2007 to 2021.ResultsWe found that 327 cases (340 lesions) have been reported. GA‐FG lesions originate from deep layers of the gastric mucosa, with the following characteristics on conventional white‐light endoscopy examination. These lesions, macroscopically identified as submucosal tumor‐like 0‐IIa, tend to have a whitish discoloration without inflammation, atrophy, or intestinal metaplasia in the background mucosa. Tumors located in the upper third of the stomach are usually solitary, with an average size <10 mm. Contrastingly, magnifying endoscopy with narrow‐band imaging mostly shows the absence of any demarcation line, with a regular microvascular pattern and regular microsurface pattern. GA‐FGs are covered with normal foveolar epithelium, forming a so‐called endless glands pattern in the deeper region, which are mainly composed of chief cells or parietal cells. Most tumors exhibit submucosal invasion, but lymphovascular invasion and nodal metastasis are rare. Regarding the treatment of GA‐FG, endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) and endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) are effective treatment methods.ConclusionsGA‐FG is a rare tumor that typically follows a benign course. This neoplasm has distinct endoscopic and pathological features and could be treated by ESD or EMR.
An exploration of knowledge‐organizing technologies to advance transdisciplinary back pain research
Authors: Lotz Jeffrey C. , Ropella Glen , Anderson Paul , Yang Qian , Hedderich Michael A. , Bailey Jeannie , Hunt C. Anthony 
Published: November 2023

AbstractChronic low back pain (LBP) is influenced by a broad spectrum of patient‐specific factors as codified in domains of the biopsychosocial model (BSM). Operationalizing the BSM into research and clinical care is challenging because most investigators work in silos that concentrate on only one or two BSM domains. Furthermore, the expanding, multidisciplinary nature of BSM research creates practical limitations as to how individual investigators integrate current data into their processes of generating impactful hypotheses. The rapidly advancing field of artificial intelligence (AI) is providing new tools for organizing knowledge, but the practical aspects for how AI may advance LBP research and clinical are beginning to be explored. The goals of the work presented here are to: (1) explore the current capabilities of knowledge integration technologies (large language models (LLM), similarity graphs (SGs), and knowledge graphs (KGs)) to synthesize biomedical literature and depict multimodal relationships reflected in the BSM, and; (2) highlight limitations, implementation details, and future areas of research to improve performance. We demonstrate preliminary evidence that LLMs, like GPT‐3, may be useful in helping scientists analyze and distinguish cLBP publications across multiple BSM domains and determine the degree to which the literature supports or contradicts emergent hypotheses. We show that SG representations and KGs enable exploring LBP's literature in novel ways, possibly providing, trans‐disciplinary perspectives or insights that are currently difficult, if not infeasible to achieve. The SG approach is automated, simple, and inexpensive to execute, and thereby may be useful for early‐phase literature and narrative explorations beyond one's areas of expertise. Likewise, we show that KGs can be constructed using automated pipelines, queried to provide semantic information, and analyzed to explore trans‐domain linkages. The examples presented support the feasibility for LBP‐tailored AI protocols to organize knowledge and support developing and refining trans‐domain hypotheses.
The mid‐latitude hydrolaccolith of the Spanish Central System (Southern Europe): A top‐to‐bottom integration of geomatic, geophysical and sedimentary datasets for characterising a singular periglacial landform
Authors: Fernández‐Lozano Javier , Turu Valentí , Carrasco Rosa M. , Soteres Rodrigo L. , Sánchez‐Vizcaino Jesús , Karampaglidis Theodoros , Ros Xavier , Merlo Oscar , Pedraza Javier 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPermafrost study in the Spanish Central System (~41°N) has remained elusive in past decades. Although numerous periglacial features have been described, none has yielded conclusive information about the existence/distribution of permafrost across these mountains. This work focuses on integrating light detection and ranging and unmanned aerial vehicle data with geophysical methods and sedimentary records, along with preliminary thermal information, for the comprehensive study of a frost mound. The singularity of this feature resides in its location, currently dominated by a seasonal frost regime, and its size reaching 59 m long, 22.5 m wide and 4 m high, representing the largest landform of this type in Iberia. From top‐to‐bottom, the internal structure comprises three resistivity units (G1, G2 and G3). The most superficial unit (G1) consists of a sequence of burial soils alternating with sand and silts, with pebbles and gravel at the bottom, followed by a high porous layer that belongs to a landslide deposit (G2), likely composed of gravel and pebbles laying over unit G3 (bedrock). Calibrated 14C ages suggest this landform formed at least ~4300 years ago during the mid‐Holocene. Finally, the preliminary surface thermal map indicates the presence of sectors affected by strong thermal gradients likely driven by water table variations. Our results conclude that the dynamics are primarily controlled by the seasonal frost regime influencing local subsurface drainage, which allows us to classify this landform as a hydrodynamic pingo‐like structure. We also demonstrate that our approach is suitable for assessing the evolution of this type of periglacial landform. Implementing long‐lasting annual monitoring programmes would help to understand local periglacial dynamics better.
Future warming stimulates growth and photosynthesis in an Arctic microalga more strongly than changes in light intensity or pCO2
Authors: Rokitta Sebastian D. , Grossmann Christian H. , Werner Elisa , Moye Jannika , Castellani Giulia , Nöthig Eva‐Maria , Rost Björn 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWe assessed the responses of solitary cells of Arctic Phaeocystis pouchetii grown under a matrix of temperature (2°C vs. 6°C), light intensity (55 vs. 160 μmol photons m−2 s−1) and pCO2 (400 vs. 1000 μatm CO2, i.e., 40.5 vs. 101.3 Pa). Next to acclimation parameters (growth rates, particulate and dissolved organic C and N, Chlorophyll a content), we measured physiological processes in vivo (electron transport rates and net photosynthesis) using fast‐repetition rate fluorometry and membrane‐inlet mass spectrometry. Within the applied driver ranges, elevated temperature had the most pronounced impacts, significantly increasing growth, elemental quotas and photosynthetic performance. Light stimulations manifested more prominently under 6°C, underlining temperature's role as a “master‐variable”. pCO2 was the least effective driver, exerting mostly insignificant effects. The obtained data were used for a simplistic upscaling simulation to investigate potential changes in P. pouchetii's bloom dynamics in the Fram Strait with increasing temperatures over the 21st century. Although solitary cells might not be fully representative of colonial cells commonly observed in the field, our results suggest that global warming accelerates bloom dynamics, with earlier onsets of blooms and higher peak biomasses. Such a temperature‐induced acceleration in the phenology of Phaeocystis and likely other Arctic phytoplankton might cause temporal mismatches, e.g., with the development of grazers, and therefore substantially affect the biogeochemistry and ecology of the Arctic.
Highly Efficient STEs NIR‐II Broadband Emission in a Perovskite System and its Spectroscopy Applications
Authors: Ding Xin , Zhou Weijian , Zhu Hetong , Cao Mengyu , Yu Bing , Cong Hailin , Zhang Qiang , Wang Yuhua 
Published: November 2023

AbstractEfficient NIR emitting materials have important application value in phosphor‐converted light‐emitting diodes (pc‐LEDs), due to their high sensitivity of tissue composition responsiveness, and penetration depth (spatial resolution). In this work, a perovskite structure material CaSnO3 that can emit strong broad NIR light at the range of 850–1300 nm peaking at 1010 nm second biological window with a super large Stokes shift of 24463 cm−1 and a sensitive broad UV light response (λmax = 291 nm) by traditional high‐temperature solid‐state reaction that does not require additional doping ions is innovatively developed. Spectroscopic and theoretical calculations reveal that the NIR emission originates from self‐trapped excitons (STEs) enhanced by Jahn–Teller effect when Sn4+ is spontaneously reduced to Sn2+ and occupies the position of Ca2+ 8‐coordinate lattice. A prototype NIR‐II emitting LED device is successfully fabricated combining this perovskite CaSnO3 phosphor with UV 285 nm chip to evaluate its application value. This work provides a novel NIR‐II luminescent material, which is different from other doping types of systems, and STEs luminescence in perovskite has been achieved in the NIR‐II region for the first time, providing a new approach and choice for the development of NIR luminescent materials.
Thermal Expansion of Polypropylene Part II: Depression of In‐Plane Linear Thermal Expansion of Polypropylene by Elastomer Incorporation and Elucidation of Its Mechanism Through Temperature‐Variable X‐ray Scattering
Authors: Ono Michio 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn this study, the in‐plane linear thermal expansion behaviors from −20 °C to 100 °C along the flow direction (FD) for injection molded isotactic homo polypropylene (hPP) and their elastomer blends are thoroughly investigated. The elastomers used in this study are two different poly(ethylene‐co‐octene)(EO) thermoplastic elastomers which have the same density but different melt flow rate (MFR), 5.0 and 30 (dg/10 min). Thus, the blends are designated as hPP‐EO5.0 having the EO with 5.0 of MFR and hPP‐EO30 having the EO with 30 of MFR. It is found that from −20 °C to 40 °C, the linear thermal expansion profiles for neat hPP, hPP‐EO5.0, and hPP‐EO30 overlapped, indicating that with or without the EO, their linear thermal expansions proceeded under the same mechanism. On the other hand, above 40 °C, their thermal expansion behaviors greatly changed; the linear thermal expansions of hPP‐EO5.0 and hPP‐EO30 are suppressed to be much lower than that of neat hPP. The morphological observation by a transmission electron microscope (TEM) reveals that the shapes of the EO domains in the blend systems are found to be elongated along the FD. Thus, it would be expected that the suppressed linear thermal expansions of the hPP‐EO blends are attributed to the suppression of the linear thermal expansions of the hPP amorphous layers in the lamellae due to the retraction of the elongated EO domains caused due to the instability of the interfacial tension at elevated temperatures. Yet, temperature variable small‐angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS) results reveal that the linear thermal expansions of the hPP amorphous layers in the EO blends, on the contrary, increase. One of the plausible mechanisms is proposed to elucidate seemingly contradictory phenomenon that the EO blends have their suppressed bulk linear thermal expansions while enhanced linear thermal expansions of the hPP amorphous layers. Finally, the suitable elastomer design for low coefficient of linear thermal expansion (CLTE) PP is proposed.