bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Swimming zygote formation mediated by symmetrically arranged cell fusion sites in the gametes of Chlamydomonas eugametos (Chlorophyceae, Chlorophyta)
Authors: Miyamura Shinichi 
Published: November 2023

SUMMARYThe spatial arrangement of cell fusion sites and eyespots of the gametes in vis‐à‐vis mating pairs of Chlamydomonas eugametos, corresponding to the swimming zygote of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, were studied using field emission scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy, respectively. After the adhesion of mt+ and mt− gametes, each of which has one eyespot and two flagella elongated from the cell anterior, gamete–gamete fusion occurred at the anterior papilla on the cell apex of each gamete, leading to the formation of a vis‐à‐vis mating pair, indicating that the cell fusion site is arranged symmetrically relative to the flagellar beat plane. In vis‐à‐vis mating pairs, two eyespots could be seen on the same or on opposite sides of the cell. As only the mt+ flagella and eyespot are functional for swimming and phototaxis in the vis‐à‐vis mating pair of C. eugametos, it is suggested that coordinated alignment of the parental gamete flagella and eyespots in the swimming zygote and asymmetric positioning of the gamete mating structure/cell fusion sites, which is prevalent in C. reinhardtii and other chlorophytes, is not necessary for C. eugametos.
Anthropology of the Artificial
Authors: Salter Chris , Saunier Alexandre 
Published: November 2023

Abstract“Anthropology of the Artificial” is a special section of articles by a collective of anthropologists, sociologists, digital media artists, and computer scientists that address the ever increasing encounters between humans and new kinds of machine systems. The contributions draw on a series of artistic and scientific research programs which call for new ways of thinking about the relations between human and artificial systems, focusing on anthropological encounters with artworks, software/hardware, and the public encounters with such systems in settings ranging from research labs to museums.
Anatomy of the sternum and humerus in the domestic chicken (Gallus domesticus)
Authors: Jones Jeryl C. , White Emma E. , Holladay Steven D. , Foster Jenna L. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractInjuries of the sternum and humerus are an important welfare concern in domestic chickens (Gallus domesticus), especially laying hens. Published anatomic references using standardized terminology from the Nomina Anatomica Avium (NAA) are lacking. Objectives of the current retrospective, descriptive study were to provide a user‐friendly hierarchical table of NAA‐compliant anatomic terms and labeled images illustrating anatomic structures for the sternum and humerus of domestic chickens. Three‐dimensional model images were downloaded from a publicly accessible platform, labeled in consultation with a veterinary anatomist, and enhanced by a medical illustrator. Findings can serve as a resource for future clinical and research applications.
Combining Flexible and Sustainable Design Principles for Evaluating Designs: Textile Recycling Application
Authors: Teixeira Franca Alves Paulo Henrique , Bahr Gracie , Clarke-Sather Abigail R. , Maurer-Jones Melissa A. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
As rates of textile manufacturing and disposal escalate, the ramifications to health and the environment through water pollution, microplastic contaminant concentrations, and greenhouse gas emissions increase. Discarding over 15.4 million tons of textiles each year, the U.S. recycles less than 15%, sending the remainder to landfills and incinerators. Textile reuse is not sufficient to de-escalate the situation; recycling is necessary. Most textile recycling technologies from past decades are expensive, create low-quality outputs, or are not industry scalable. For viability, textile recycling system designs must evolve with the rapid pace of a dynamic textile and fashion industry. For any design to be sustainable, it must also be flexible to adapt to technological, user, societal, and environmental condition advances. To this end, flexible and sustainable design principles were compared: overlapping principles were combined and missing principles were added to create 12 overarching principles encompassing design for sustainability and flexibility (DfSFlex). The Fiber Shredder was designed and built with flexibility and sustainability as its goal and evaluated on how well it met DfSFlex principles. An evaluation of the Fiber Shredder’s performance found that increased speed and processing time increase the generation of the desired output—fibers and yarns—manifesting the principles of Design for Separation in design and Facilitate Resource Recovery in processing. The development of this technology, with the application of sustainable and flexible design, fiber-to-fiber recycling using mechanical systems appears promising for maintaining value while repurposing textiles.
Performance-Determining Variables of a Simulated Sprint Cross-Country Skiing Competition
Authors: Talsnes Rune Kjøsen , Brattebø Jan-Magnus , Berdal Tore , Seeberg Trine , Skovereng Knut , Losnegard Thomas , Kocbach Jan , Sandbakk Øyvind 
Published: November 2023

Purpose: To investigate performance-determining variables of an on-snow sprint cross-country skiing competition and the evolvement in their relationship with performance as the competition progresses from the individual time trial (TT) to the final. Methods: Sixteen national-level male junior skiers (mean [SD] age, 18.6 [0.8] y; peak oxygen uptake [VO2peak], 67.6 [5.5] mL·min−1·kg−1) performed a simulated sprint competition (1.3 km) in the skating style, comprising a TT followed by 3 finals (quarterfinals, semifinals, and final) completed by all skiers. In addition, submaximal and incremental roller-ski treadmill tests, on-snow maximal speed tests, and strength/power tests were performed. Results: VO2peak and peak treadmill speed during incremental testing and relative heart rate, rating of perceived exertion, blood lactate concentrations, and gross efficiency during submaximal testing were all significantly correlated with performance in the TT and subsequent finals (mean [range] r values: .67 [.53–.86], all P < .05). Relative VO2peak and submaximal relative heart rate and blood lactate concentration were more strongly correlated with performance in the semifinals and final compared with the TT (r values: .74 [.60–.83] vs 0.55 [.51–.60], all P < .05). Maximal speed in uphill and flat terrain was significantly correlated with performance in the TT and subsequent finals (r values: .63 [.38–.70], all P < .05), while strength/power tests did not correlate significantly with sprint performance. Conclusions: VO2peak and high-speed abilities were the most important determinants of sprint cross-country skiing performance, with an increased importance of VO2peak as the competition format progressed toward the final.
Effect of Yoga or Physical Exercise on Muscle Function in Rural Indian Children: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Kasture Sonal , Khadilkar Anuradha , Padidela Raja , Gondhalekar Ketan , Patil Radhika , Khadilkar Vaman 
Published: November 2023

Background: Synergistic effects of yoga or physical exercise (PE) along with protein supplementation on children’s muscle function in rural India have not been studied. Hence, we aimed to study the effect of yoga and PE along with protein supplementation on muscle function in healthy 6- to 11-year-old rural Indian children post 6 months of intervention. Methods: A randomized controlled trial on 232 children, recruited into 3 groups, each receiving 1 protein-rich ladoo (148 kcal, 7 g protein/40 g ladoo–an Indian sweet snack) daily and performing (1) yoga (n = 78) for 30 minutes 5 times per week, (2) PE (n = 76) for 30 minutes 5 times per week, or (3) control group (n = 78) no additional exercise. Maximum power, maximum voluntary force (Fmax), and grip strength (GS) were measured. Data were analyzed using paired t tests and a 2-way mixed analysis of variance with post hoc Bonferroni adjustment. Results: GS, maximum power, and Fmax within yoga group increased significantly (P < .05) from baseline to endline. GS and Fmax increased significantly within PE group postintervention (P < .001). In controls, GS increased (P < .05) at endline. No significant effect of the intervention was observed on the change in maximum power (P > .05) postintervention. The 2 exercise groups showed significant increase in Fmax compared with the control group (P < .05). Similarly, increase in GS was significantly higher in both the exercise groups compared with the control group (P < .05). No significant difference was observed in change in muscle function between the 2 exercise groups (P > .05). Conclusions: Structured physical activity along with protein supplementation resulted in improved muscle function in children. Yoga and PE showed a comparable impact on muscle force.
RES-Seq—a barcoded library of drug-resistant
Leishmania donovani
allowing rapid assessment of cross-resistance and relative fitness
Authors: Tulloch Lindsay B. , Carvalho Sandra , Lima Marta , Wall Richard J. , Tinti Michele , Pinto Erika G. , MacLean Lorna , Wyllie Susan 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a parasitic disease endemic across multiple regions of the world and is fatal if untreated. New therapeutic options with diverse mechanisms of actions (MoAs) are required to consolidate progress toward control of this disease and combat drug resistance. Here, we describe the development of a scalable resistance library screen (RES-Seq) as a tool to facilitate the identification and prioritization of anti-leishmanial compounds acting via novel MoA. We have amassed a large collection of
Leishmania donovani
cell lines resistant to frontline drugs and compounds in the VL pipeline, with resistance-conferring mutations fully characterized. New phenotypic hits screened against this highly curated panel of resistant lines can determine cross-resistance and potentially shared MoA. The ability to efficiently identify compounds acting via previously established MoA is vital to maintain diversity within drug development portfolios. To expedite screening, short identifier DNA barcodes were introduced into resistant clones enabling pooling and simultaneous screening of multiple cell lines. Illumina sequencing of barcodes enables the growth kinetics and relative fitness of multiple cell lines under compound selection to be tracked. Optimal conditions allowing discrimination of resistant and sensitive clones were established (3× and 10× EC
50
for 3 days) and applied to screening of a complex library with VL preclinical and clinical drug candidates. RES-Seq is set to play an important role in ensuring that anti-leishmanial compounds exploiting diverse mechanisms of action are developed, ultimately providing options for future drug combination strategies.

IMPORTANCE
Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) remains the third largest parasitic killer worldwide, responsible for 20,000–30,000 deaths each year. Control and ultimate elimination of VL will require a range of therapeutic options with diverse mechanisms of action to combat drug resistance. One approach to ensure that compounds in development exploit diverse mechanisms of action is to screen them against highly curated cell lines resistant to drugs already in the VL pipeline. The identification of cross-resistant cell lines indicates that test compounds are likely acting via previously established mechanisms. Current cross-resistance screens are limited by the requirement to profile individual resistant cell lines one at a time. Here, we introduce unique DNA barcodes into multiple resistant cell lines to facilitate parallel profiling. Utilizing the power of Illumina sequencing, growth kinetics and relative fitness under compound selection can be monitored revolutionizing our ability to identify and prioritize compounds acting via novel mechanisms.
How prevalent is COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in low-income and middle-income countries and what are the key drivers of hesitancy? Results from 53 countries
Authors: Dayton Eberwein Julia , Edochie Ifeanyi Nzegwu , Newhouse David , Cojocaru Alexandru , Bopahbe Gildas Deudibe , Kakietek Jakub Jan , Kim Yeon Soo , Montes Jose 
Published: November 2023

ObjectivesThis study aims to estimate the levels of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in 53 low-income and middle-income countries, differences across population groups in hesitancy, and self-reported reasons for being hesitant to take the COVID-19 vaccine.MethodsThis paper presents new evidence on levels and trends of vaccine hesitancy in low-income and middle-income countries based on harmonised high-frequency phone surveys from more than 120 000 respondents in 53 low-income and middle-income countries collected between October 2020 and August 2021. These countries represent a combined 53% of the population of low-income and middle-income countries excluding India and China.ResultsOn average across countries, one in five adults reported being hesitant to take the COVID-19 vaccine, with the most cited reasons for hesitancy being concerns about the safety of the vaccine, followed by concerns about its efficacy. Between late 2020 and the first half of 2021, there tended to be little change in hesitancy rates in 11 of the 14 countries with available data, while hesitancy increased in Iraq, Malawi and Uzbekistan. COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy was higher among female, younger adults and less educated respondents, after controlling for selected observable characteristics.ConclusionsCountry estimates of vaccine hesitancy from the high-frequency phone surveys are correlated with but lower than those from earlier studies, which often relied on less representative survey samples. The results suggest that vaccine hesitancy in low-income and middle-income countries, while less prevalent than previously thought, will be an important and enduring obstacle to recovery from the pandemic.
Efficacy of different respiratory supports to prevent hypoxia during flexible bronchoscopy in patients of COPD: a triple-arm, randomised controlled trial
Authors: Sharma Vinod Kumar , Singh Pawan Kumar , Govindagoudar Manjunath B , Thulasi Athul , Chaudhry Dhruva , Shriram Chaudhari Pramod , Lalwani Lokesh Kumar , Ahuja Aman 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundPatients with chronic-obstructive-pulmonary-disease (COPD) undergo bronchoscopy for various reasons, and are at relatively higher risk of complications. This study evaluated the efficacy of non-invasive ventilation (NIV) and high-flow-oxygen-therapy (HFOT) compared with conventional-oxygen-therapy (COT) in patients with COPD undergoing bronchoscopy, to prevent hypoxia.MethodsIt was a triple-arm, open-label, randomised controlled trial. Ninety patients with COPD were randomly assigned into three intervention arms in 1:1:1 ratio. The incidence of hypoxia, lowest recorded oxygen saturation measured by plethysmography (SpO2), ECG, patient vitals and comfort levels were assessed.ResultsMean age of the study population was 61.71±7.5 years. Out of 90 cases enrolled, 51, 34 and 5 were moderate, severe and very-severe COPD, respectively, as per GOLD (Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease) classification. Rest of the baseline characteristics were similar. SpO2during flexible bronchoscopy (FB) was lowest in COT group (COT: 87.03±5.7% vs HFOT: 95.57±5.0% vs NIV: 97.40±1.6%, p<0.001). Secondary objectives were similar except respiratory-rate (breaths-per-minute) which was highest in COT group (COT: 20.23±3.1 vs HFOT: 18.57±4.1 vs NIV: 16.80±1.9, p<0.001). Whereas post FB partial of oxygen in arterial blood was highest in NIV group (NIV: 84.27±21.6 mm Hg vs HFOT: 69.03±13.6 mm Hg vs COT: 69.30±11.9 mm Hg, p<0.001). Post FB partial pressure of carbon dioxide in arterial blood was similar in the three arms. Operator’s ease-of-performing-procedure was least in the NIV group as assessed with Visual Analogue Scale (p<0.01). A higher number of NIV group participants reported nasal pain as compared with the other two arms (p<0.01).ConclusionNIV and HFOT are superior to COT in preventing hypoxia during bronchoscopy, but NIV is associated with poor patient-tolerance and inferior operator’s ease of doing procedure.Trial registration numberCTRI/2021/03/032190.
Novel, nurse-led early postdischarge clinic is associated with fewer readmissions and lower mortality following hospitalisation with decompensated cirrhosis
Authors: Giles Benjamin , Fancey Kirsty , Gamble Karen , Riaz Zeshan , Dowman Joanna K , Fowell Andrew J , Aspinall Richard J 
Published: November 2023

ObjectivePatients hospitalised with decompensated cirrhosis have high rates of early unplanned readmission. Many readmissions are avoidable with secondary preventative strategies, but patients are often readmitted prior to outpatient review. To address this, we established a novel, nurse-led early postdischarge (EPD) clinic delivering goal-directed care for cirrhosis complications and evaluated the impact.MethodsRetrospective cohort study comparing outcomes in 78 patients seen in the EPD clinic with 91 phenotypically matched controls receiving standard, consultant hepatologist care. Follow-up for 12 months from index admission with endpoints including survival, time to readmission, number of readmissions and healthcare burden.ResultsMedian time to readmission was 51 days in controls and 98 days in the intervention group (p<0.01). The intervention cohort had significantly fewer readmissions at 30 days (12% vs 30%, p<0.01) and 90 days (27% vs 49%, p<0.01) but not significantly at 12 months (58% vs 68%, p=0.16) with an overall reduction in bed day usage of 29%. Mortality for the control group was 4% at 30 days with no deaths in the intervention group. There were significantly fewer deaths in the intervention group at 90 days (5% vs 15%, p<0.05) and 12 months (22% vs 41%, p<0.01).ConclusionsFollowing an index hospitalisation with decompensated cirrhosis, goal-directed postdischarge care can be effectively delivered by specialist nurses, prior to outpatient review by hepatologists. This model was associated with significantly fewer readmissions, lower bed day usage and a reduced mortality. Our data suggest such models of care deserve wider implementation and further evaluation.
Evaluating the impact on physical inactivity of Together an Active Future, a partnership approach to physical activity promotion. A difference-in-differences study
Authors: Owen Gwilym , Fahy Katie , Barr Benjamin 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundLow physical activity is one of the leading causes of ill health in the UK and an important determinant of health inequalities. Little is known about the effectiveness of community-wide interventions to increase physical activity and whether effects differ by demographic groups, including area deprivation and ethnicity.Setting6 relatively disadvantaged local authority areas in Lancashire, UK, between 2016 and 2021.MethodsWe conducted a doubly robust difference-in-differences study using a large nationally representative repeated cross-sectional survey to investigate the impact of Together an Active Future (TAAF), an intervention aiming to reduce physical inactivity through a programme of creative engagement, partnership building, training and communication. The primary outcome was physical inactivity (the percentage of the population engaging in less than 30 min physical activity of at least moderate intensity per week).ResultsWhile inactivity increased during the pandemic, it increased to a lesser extent in the intervention population. TAAF was associated with 2.63 percentage point lower level of physical inactivity (95% CI 0.80 to 4.45) in the intervention group relative to the control group. Subgroup analysis found no evidence of differences in effect between groups defined by deprivation, ethnicity, disability, gender or age.ConclusionsThe study suggests that a programme of creative engagement, partnership building, training and communication can help reduce physical inactivity, potentially mitigating some of the effect of pandemic restrictions. Further monitoring is required to understand the impact of this intervention outside of the pandemic context.
Standalone middle meningeal artery embolization versus middle meningeal artery embolization with concurrent surgical evacuation for chronic subdural hematomas: a multicenter propensity score matched analysis of clinical and radiographic outcomes
Authors: Chen Huanwen , Salem Mohamed M , Colasurdo Marco , Sioutas Georgios S , Khalife Jane , Kuybu Okkes , Carroll Kate T , Hoang Alex Nguyen , Baig Ammad A , Salih Mira , Khorasanizadeh Mirhojjat , Baker Cordell , Mendez Ruiz Aldo , Cortez Gustavo M , Abecassis Zack , Ruiz Rodríguez Juan Francisco , Davies Jason M , Narayanan Sandra , Cawley C Michael , Riina Howard , Moore Justin , Spiotta Alejandro M , Khalessi Alexander , Howard Brian M , Hanel Ricardo A , Tanweer Omar , Tonetti Daniel , Siddiqui Adnan H , Lang Michael , Levy Elad I , Jovin Tudor G , Grandhi Ramesh , Srinivasan Visish M , Levitt Michael R , Ogilvy Christopher S , Jankowitz Brian , Thomas Ajith J , Gross Bradley A , Burkhardt Jan Karl , Kan Peter 
Published: November 2023

Background
Middle meningeal artery embolization (MMAE) has emerged as a promising therapy for chronic subdural hematomas (cSDHs). The efficacy of standalone MMAE compared with MMAE with concurrent surgery is largely unknown.

Methods
cSDH patients who underwent successful MMAE from 14 high volume centers with at least 30 days of follow-up were included. Clinical and radiographic variables were recorded and used to perform propensity score matching (PSM) of patients treated with standalone MMAE or MMAE with concurrent surgery. Multivariable logistic regression models were used for additional covariate adjustments. The primary outcome was recurrence requiring surgical rescue, and the secondary outcome was radiographic failure defined as <50% reduction of cSDH thickness.

Results
722 MMAE procedures in 588 cSDH patients were identified. After PSM, 230 MMAE procedures remained (115 in each group). Median age was 73 years, 22.6% of patients were receiving anticoagulation medication, and 47.9% had no preoperative functional disability. Median midline shift was 4 mm and cSDH thickness was 16 mm, representing modestly sized cSDHs. Standalone MMAE and MMAE with surgery resulted in similar rates of surgical rescue (7.8% vs 13.0%, respectively, P=0.28; adjusted OR (aOR 0.73 (95% CI 0.20 to 2.40), P=0.60) and radiographic failure (15.5% vs 13.7%, respectively, P=0.84; aOR 1.08 (95% CI 0.37 to 2.19), P=0.88) with a median follow-up duration of 105 days. These results were similar across subgroup analyses and follow-up durations.

Conclusions
Standalone MMAE led to similar and durable clinical and radiographic outcomes as MMAE combined with surgery in select patients with moderately sized cSDHs and mild clinical disease.