bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid analysis in individuals with chronic hepatitis C
Authors: Idilman Ramazan , Çetinkaya Hülya , Savaş İsmail , Aslan Nuray , Sak Serpil Dizbay , Baştemir Mehmet , Sarioğlu Mustafa , Soykan İrfan , Bozdayı Mithat , Colantoni Alessandra , Aydıntuğ Olcay , Bahar Kadir , Uzunalimoğlu Özden , Van Thiel David H. , Numanoğlu Numan , Dökmeci Abdulkadir 
Published: October 2004

AbstractA number of disorders for which an association with hepatitis C virus infection exist. These disorders include essential mixed cryoglobulinemia, membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis, and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. This study was initiated to investigate the cellular content and lymphocyte subpopulations of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid obtained from individuals with chronic hepatitis C and to compare the results to those of controls. Eighteen patients with chronic hepatitis C (male/female, 6/12) and 14 healthy volunteers (male/female, 6/8), were studied. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was obtained from each; and the lymphocyte subtypes and the presence of HCV‐RNA in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were determined. All anti‐HCV positive subjects were HCV‐RNA positive in serum. One (5.6%) had a HCV‐RNA positive bronchoalveolar lavage. The total cell and neutrophil counts of the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were significantly greater in patients with chronic hepatitis C as compared to controls (5,799.6 ± 957.4 × 103/ml vs. 1,835.7 ± 447.8 × 103/ml, P = 0.001; 1,175.8 ± 634.7 × 103/ml vs. 53.1 ± 28.1 × 103/ml, P = 0.029). In contrast, the lymphocyte, macrophage and eosinophil counts did not differ. No difference in the percentage, median or range of individual T cell subsets or B cell numbers in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid existed between the groups. It is concluded that hepatitis C virus infection may be associated with an occult pulmonary inflammatory reaction manifested by an increased number of polymorphonuclear neutrophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. This finding may contribute to the process that leads to idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis seen in a minority of cases of chronic hepatitis C. J. Med. Virol. 66:34–39, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Human recombinant myeloperoxidase antiviral activity on cytomegalovirus
Authors: El Messaoudi K. , Verheyden A.‐M. , Thiry L. , Fourez S. , Tasiaux N. , Bollen A. , Moguilevsky N. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractIn vitro incubation of human cytomegalovirus (Towne strain) with 8 U/ml human recombinant myeloperoxidase plus sodium chloride and glucose nearly abolished viral infectivity. To assay the effect on intracellular infection, cell toxicity of the enzymes was first studied. Even the high dose of 16 U/ml of recombinant myeloperoxidase plus 10 mU/ml glucose oxidase did not decrease MRC5 cell growth. By contrast, this dose reduced proliferation of activated THP1 cells. Even half of the myeloperoxidase dose proved slightly toxic to these cells. Non‐cytotoxic concentrations of the reagents were used to monitor their effect on cytomegalovirus infection. In MRC5 cells, even the low dose of 4 U/ml myeloperoxidase plus glucose oxidase inhibited synthesis of cytomegalovirus early antigens, as tested by immunofluorescence. Viral release in the supernatant was decreased by 4 logs. In THP1 cells, which produce endogenously hydrogen peroxide, myeloperoxidase alone (8 U/ml) decreased the formation of early and late antigens by 53 and 44%, respectively. J. Med. Virol. 66:218–223, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Efficacy of lamivudine in HBeAg‐negative chronic hepatitis B
Authors: Rizzetto Mario 
Published: October 2004

AbstractHepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)‐negative chronic hepatitis B results from infection with hepatitis B virus mutants unable to produce HBeAg. It accounts for 7–30% of patients with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) worldwide, with the highest rates reported for Mediterranean Europe and Asia. Interferon (IFN) is currently the only approved therapy for these patients, but it has an unfavorable tolerance profile and limited efficacy. Studies show that responses to IFN are lower in HBeAg‐negative than in HBeAg‐positive patients; joint HBV DNA loss/ALT normalization is obtained in 38–59% of HBeAg‐negative patients treated for 4–24 months with a high rate of virological relapse (54–87%), at 6–24 months posttreatment. Lamivudine is a nucleoside analogue with potent antiviral properties against HBV. Studies show that response rates in HBeAg‐negative and HBeAg‐positive patients are equivalent. After 12 months of treatment, 65–96% of HBeAg‐negative patients have joint HBV DNA loss/ALT normalization, although 48–74% of patients relapse within 1 year posttreatment. 60% of patients have histological improvement after 12 months of treatment. Lamivudine is well tolerated with a safety profile equivalent to that of placebo. The incidence of YMDD variants increases with extended lamivudine treatment, present in up to 57–64% of patients after 2 years. Their clinical impact is unclear; some studies show breakthrough infection associated with their emergence, whereas other studies show maintained response to lamivudine. Lamivudine has benefits over IFN in its safety and efficacy profile in this patient group. Extended lamivudine treatment beyond 2 years is an option, but further investigation is required to define stopping criteria and the impact of YMDD variants. J. Med. Virol. 66:435–451, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Latent infection of human herpesvirus 6 in astrocytoma cell line and alteration of cytokine synthesis
Authors: Yoshikawa Tetsushi , Asano Yoshizo , Akimoto Shiho , Ozaki Takao , Iwasaki Takuya , Kurata Takeshi , Goshima Fumi , Nishiyama Yukihiro 
Published: October 2004

AbstractIn order to study the pathogenesis of HHV‐6 infection in central nervous system disorders, U251 cell line was infected with freshly isolated variant B HHV‐6. Although IEA/ex 3 antigen (immediate early protein) was detected in infected cell nuclei, neither the presence of OHV‐3 antigen (late antigen) nor production of infectious virus was demonstrated. These results indicate that abortive infection was established in the cells. After viral infection, the viral genome copy in the infected cells gradually decreased and became stable after 6 cell passages. At that point, HHV‐6 gene expression was restricted to only 2 immediate early genes (U90 and U94). However, 12‐O‐tetra‐decanoyl (TPA) treatment induced transcription of other genes (U31 and U39) by the 10th cell passage, indicating HHV‐6 reactivation. Moreover, production of two proinflamatory cytokines (IL‐6 and IL‐1β) was up‐regulated by the presence of the HHV‐6 genome and TPA‐induced activation of the viral transcripts. J. Med. Virol. 66:497–505, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
TTV infection and its relation to serum transaminases in apparently healthy blood donors and in patients with clotting disorders who have been investigated previously for hepatitis C virus and GBV‐C/HGV infection in Belgium
Authors: Ali Soegianto , Fevery Johan , Peerlinck Kathelijne , Verslype Chris , Schelstraete Robert , Gyselinck Fanny , Emonds Marie‐Paule , Vermylen Jozef , Hiem Yap Sing 
Published: October 2004

AbstractA novel DNA virus, TT virus (TTV), has been proposed as a possible etiologic agent for non A‐E hepatitis. The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of TTV infection using PCR in healthy blood donors and in patients with clotting disorders who have been investigated previously for GBV‐C/HGV and HCV infection in Belgium. In this study, PCR using primers proposed by Takahashi et al. [(1998) Hepatology Research 12:233–239] proved far more sensitive than those used by Okamoto et al. [(1998) Journal of Medical Virology 56:128–132]. The sequence of the PCR products showed 87% identity to the published sequence. TTV was present in 29.7% of healthy blood donors, a figure intermediate between the low rate of infection observed in Scotland and the high rates in the Far East. TTV was detected in 46.5% of 127 patients studied with clotting disorders as compared to 79.5% for HCV and 11.8% for GBV‐C/HGV infection. However, there was no impact on the level of serum transaminases. Treatment with interferon for HCV infection co‐infected with TTV suppressed temporarily serum TTV DNA. Therefore, it was concluded that TTV DNA is detected frequently in serum of healthy blood donors in Belgium and more often in patients with clotting disorders. TTV does not cause liver disease or contribute to the severity of liver disease. J. Med. Virol. 66:561–566, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Trafficking mechanism of west Nile (Sarafend) virus structural proteins
Authors: Chu J.J.H. , Ng M.L. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractPrevious studies have shown that West Nile (Sarafend) virus matured by budding at the plasma membrane, which differs from the usual intracellular maturation of other flaviviruses. The present study investigated the trafficking mechanism of the envelope (E) and capsid (C) proteins of West Nile (Sarafend) virus during the replication cycle. The use of time‐based double‐immunofluorescence labelling coupled with the Triton X‐100 extraction procedure revealed that both the E and C proteins were transported from the perinuclear region towards the plasma membrane along the microtubules simultaneously. The strong association of these virus proteins with the microtubules was demonstrated further with Triton X‐100 extraction procedure coupled with double immunogold‐labelling. Extraction of infected cells with Triton X‐100 in high salt also revealed that virus E proteins were associated with the microtubules via protein‐protein interaction. The disruption of microtubules with vinblastine sulphate inhibited the trafficking of both the virus E and C proteins. Both virus structural proteins were observed to co‐localise and retained within vinblastine sulphate‐induced microtubulin paracrystals. Extracellular virus production was also reduced drastically by vinblastine sulphate at non‐cytotoxic concentration. Subsequent studies revealed that the transportation of virus E protein was associated with the microtubules‐based motor protein, kinesin. J. Med. Virol. 67:127–136, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Management of well‐differentiated thyroid carcinoma presenting within a thyroglossal duct cyst
Authors: Patel Snehal G. , Escrig Margarita , Shaha Ashok R. , Singh Bhuvanesh , Shah Jatin P. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveWell‐differentiated thyroid carcinoma (WDTC) is diagnosed in approximately 1.5% of thyroglossal duct cysts (TGDC). No clear consensus exists regarding further management after adequate excision of the cyst, especially the role of total thyroidectomy and postoperative radioactive iodine therapy. The current review was undertaken in an attempt to clarify these issues.MethodsDemographic, clinical, tumor, treatment, pathology, and outcome data on 57 eligible patients reported in recent literature were pooled together with 5 patients treated at our institution for this analysis.ResultsA Sistrunk operation was performed for resection of the thyroglossal duct cyst in the majority (90%) of patients. Histologic examination of the tumor in the cyst revealed that papillary carcinoma was the most frequent (92%) histologic type. A total thyroidectomy was performed consequent to the diagnosis of thyroglossal duct cyst carcinoma in approximately half of the 62 patients. A malignant tumor was reported in 27% of the thyroidectomy specimens. Postoperative radioactive iodine therapy was administered in 16 (26%) patients. With a median follow‐up of 71 months (range 1–456 months), the 5‐ and 10‐year Kaplan–Meier overall survival was 100 and 95.6%, respectively. There were no disease‐related deaths reported in any of the patients. Univariate analysis revealed that the only significant predictor of overall survival was the extent of primary surgery for the thyroglossal cyst. The addition of total thyroidectomy to Sistrunk operation did not have a significant impact on outcome (P = 0.1). Patients treated with postoperative radioactive iodine (RAI) fared significantly worse than those that did not need RAI, which may be explained by the fact that this modality would generally be used in patients with higher risk tumors.ConclusionsThe Sistrunk operation is adequate for most patients with incidentally diagnosed TGDC carcinoma in the presence of a clinically and radiologically normal thyroid gland. Results of adequate excision using the Sistrunk operation are excellent and the concept of risk‐groups should be used to identify patients, who would benefit from more aggressive treatment. J. Surg. Oncol. 2002;79:134–139. © 2002 Wiley–Liss, Inc.
Regression of metastatic carcinoid tumors with octreotide therapy: Two case reports and a review of the literature
Authors: Leong Wey L. , Pasieka Janice L. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractBackgroundThe antiproliferative effect of the somatostatin analogue, octreotide, on metastatic carcinoid tumors is poorly understood. Partial tumor regression seen radiogaphically has been reported with the use of octreotide therapy for neuroendocrine tumors. Complete regression of carcinoid tumors is rarely reported.ResultsTwo patients with metastatic midgut carcinoid tumors were treated with subcutaneous octreotide 300 μg/day for symptomatic control of their carcinoid syndrome before debulking palliative surgery. During the laporatomies, both patients were found to have complete macroscopic regression of the metastastatic lesions that had been identified radiologically before surgery, including liver metastases in one patient and periportal and retrocaval lymph nodes in the other. After surgery, the patients were evaluated every 3 months, and had no detectable disease at 30 and 43 months, respectively. Thirty cases of partial tumor regression with octreotide administered with or without other treatment modalities have been reported in the literature. Most of the patients involved received other treatment modalities. Only one other case reported in the literature showed complete regression with octreotide monotherapy.ConclusionsWe report two cases of metastatic midgut carcinoid tumors that demonstrated a significant anti‐proliferative response to octreotide monotherapy. Review of the literature failed to identify any specific prognostic factors with which the response to octreotide can be predicted. Possible mechanisms for this antiproliferative effect of octreotide on carcinoid tumors are discussed. J. Surg. Oncol. 2002;79:180–187. © 2002 Wiley–Liss, Inc.
Gastrointestinal cancer and sentinel node navigation surgery
Authors: Kitagawa Yuko , Kitajima Masaki 
Published: October 2004

AbstractIn the twentieth century, lymph node dissection based on metastatic distribution has developed as the standard procedure for surgical management of gastrointestinal cancer [1]. The fear that invisible micrometastases might be present has encouraged aggressive resection with lymphadenectomy to control the disease. However, the prognostic benefits of extensive surgery are still unknown and the universal application of radical surgery may affect surgical morbidity, mortality, and quality of life after surgery, particularly in patients without lymphatic spread. In the twenty‐first century, a novel technology to detect micrometastases without extensive surgical resection is required to establish an individualized surgical management approach to gastrointestinal cancer. Lymphatic mapping techniques are now used in the control of superficial malignancies, such as malignant melanoma and breast cancer, providing a novel tool that may also be of use for gastrointestinal cancers. J. Surg. Oncol. 2002;79:188–193. © 2002 Wiley–Liss, Inc.
Immunohistochemical study of receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa‐B ligand (RANK‐L) in human osteolytic bone tumors
Authors: Good Christopher R. , O'Keefe Regis J. , Puzas J. Edward , Schwarz Edward M. , Rosier Randy N. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesOsteolytic bone tumors produce intercellular signaling proteins that regulate bone remodeling by altering the rates of osteoclast and osteoblast differentiation and activity. This report examines osteolytic bone tumor expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor B‐ligand (RANK‐L), a cytokine that is arguably the most critical regulator of osteoclast differentiation and activation.MethodsThis prospective immunohistochemical study examined RANK‐L expression in frozen tissues from sixteen surgical specimens of patients who underwent surgery for the treatment of osteolytic bone tumors between 1999 and 2000.ResultsRANK‐L was positive in 13 of the 16 cases. Primary benign bone tumors, primary malignant bone tumors, and metastasis to bone were positive for RANK‐L.ConclusionsThe cells in some, but not all, osteolytic tumors produce the cytokine RANK‐L. Further study is necessary to determine in which specific tumors RANK‐L is the cytokine responsible for increased osteoclastic activity, and to develop possible therapeutic use of RANK‐L antagonists such as osteoprotegerin (OPG). J. Surg. Oncol. 2002;79:174–179. © 2002 Wiley–Liss, Inc.
En bloc pancreaticoduodenectomy for right colon cancer invading adjacent organs*
Authors: Berrospi Francisco , Celis Juan , Ruiz Eloy , Payet Eduardo 
Published: October 2004

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveSurgical treatment of colorectal cancer needs an extended resection of the tumor en block with invaded organs. There is little information about the surgical treatment of right‐sided colon carcinoma directly involving duodenum and pancreas. Our objective is to report our experience with three patients who underwent en bloc pancreaticoduodenectomy and hemicolectomy for locally advanced right colon cancer.MethodsRetrospective review of clinical records of patients with colon cancer.ResultsThree patients with right colon cancer adherent to adjacent organs underwent en block surgery. No operative deaths occurred. All patients are alive without evidence of disease at 10, 30, 113 months of follow‐up, respectively.ConclusionLocally advanced right‐sided colon cancer can be safely treated with en bloc pancreaticoduodenectomy and colectomy with excellent long‐term results. J. Surg. Oncol. 2002;79:194–197. © 2002 Wiley–Liss, Inc.
A multi‐institutional study of immunohistochemical investigation for the roles of cyclin D1 and E‐cadherin in superficial squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus*
Authors: Shiozaki Hitoshi , Doki Yuichiro , Yamana Hideaki , Isono Kaichi 
Published: October 2004

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesAiming to clarify and possibly extend indications for minimally invasive treatment, we characterized superficial esophageal cancers (SEC) with respect to biologic properties regulating malignant potential.MethodsSurgical specimens obtained at eight cancer institutes from 222 Japanese patients with SEC (all squamous cell carcinomas) were investigated immunohistochemically for expression of cyclin D1 and E‐cadherin.ResultsPerturbations of cyclin D1 (overexpression) and E‐cadherin (reduced expression) were observed in 37.6% (68 of 181) and 39.9% (71 of 178) of SEC patients. E‐cadherin expression was more frequently reduced in cancers that invaded the submucosal layer, while cyclin D1 overexpression was constant, irrespective of depth of invasion. Overexpression of cyclin D1 was more frequent in poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinomas, while E‐cadherin did not vary according to histologic differentiation. Lymph node metastasis, the only independent postoperative prognostic factor in these patients, occurred in only 4.8% of mucosal cancers (2 of 42), but in 51.1% of submucosal cancers (92 of 180). However, neither cyclin D1 nor E‐cadherin status affected lymph node metastasis.ConclusionBoth E‐cadherin and cyclin D1 play important roles in esophageal carcinogenesis, but neither can be used to identify patients who do not require lymph node dissection and might be treated by endoscopic mucosal resection. J. Surg. Oncol. 2002;79:166–173. © 2002 Wiley–Liss, Inc.
Multiple‐Well, multiple‐path unimolecular reaction systems. II. 2‐methylhexyl free radicals
Authors: Barker John R. , Ortiz Nicolas F. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractVibrationally excited 2‐methylhexyl radicals formed by shock wave activation or by chemical activation can isomerize by multiple pathways to form any of six stable isomers, can fragment by multiple CH and CC bond fission pathways, and can be collisionally stabilized. Master equation simulations of chemical activation and of shock wave activation are used to explore the generic behavior of this complicated coupled system. Selecting the argon pressure in chemical activation systems that produce the 2‐methyl‐1‐hexyl radical isomer (1) can control the yield of specific isomers. Shock heating of 1 also shows a highly regular sequence of isomer formation. This regular behavior is because the first isomerization steps are faster than subsequent steps. Other radical isomers, such as 2‐methyl‐3‐hexyl (3), do not show such regular behavior, because the first isomerization step is slower than subsequent steps. Incubation and unimolecular rate‐constant fall‐off are observed in the shock wave simulations. The unimolecular rate‐constant fall‐off for the coupled system produces low‐pressure limiting rate constants proportional to [M]n, where n can be greater than unity. The fact that n can be greater than unity is a natural feature of multichannel coupled unimolecular reaction systems, but detection of the effect in experiments may be very demanding. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 33: 246–261, 2001
Effect of diode laser irradiation on the survival rate of gingival fibroblast cell cultures
Authors: Kreisler M. , Daubländer M. , Willershausen‐Zönnchen B. , d'Hoedt B. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveThe present study is part of a basic research program investigating the cellular effects of the GaAlAs‐diode laser with a wavelength of 810 nm on human periodontal tissues. The aim of the investigation was to evaluate the effects of the laser treatment on the survival rate of human gingival fibroblasts (HGF) in monolayer cell culture at different power settings and durations.Study Design/Materials and MethodsHGF were obtained from a human gingival connective tissue explant. Cells were cultured on 24‐well tissue culture plates. One hundred and thirty multi well cell cultures were laser treated. The variable parameters were power output (0.5–2.5 W) and exposure time (60–240 seconds per well). The cultures were analyzed by means of trypan blue staining, and the cell numbers counted under a light microscope. Photographs before and after irradiation were taken and evaluated.ResultsDepending on different settings, the laser irradiation caused significant (P < 0.05, t‐test) reductions of cell numbers. Exposure time was more relevant to this phenomenon than the power output. Linear regression analysis revealed no unambiguous correlation between power output and cell death, when exposure time was kept constant.ConclusionsWhen used for periodontal pocket decontamination, the laser beam may cause damage to collateral periodontal tissues, if the power setting and the duration of the treatment are not adequate. Further investigation, especially with regard to the effects on hard tissue and microorganisms, are needed to give a secure recommendation for irradiation parameters at pocket decontamination. Lasers Surg. Med. 39:445–450, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.