bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
AN IMMUNOFLUORESCENT STUDY OF SPERM ISOIMMUNIZATION IN INFERTILE WOMEN
Authors: Jones W. R. , Ing R. M. Y. 
Published: August 2005

SummarySerum from 32 infertile women and from eight control patients was investigated for antisperm activity using an indirect immunofluorescent antibody technique. The results confirmed previous reports of the surface localization of antigens on human spermatozoa. Specific antibody staining was observed on the sperm acrosome and tail; neck and equatorial segment staining was common and non‐specific. Antibodies in the IgM and IgG classes localized on the acrosome, whereas tail staining was exclusively due to IgG antibodies. In seven out of eight sera in which a complement‐dependent sperm immobilization test was positive, an IgG antibody was demonstrated which localized on the sperm tail. There was a poor correlation between positive sperm micro‐agglutination and specific immuno‐fluorescent reactions.
AN EVALUATION OF CYTOLOGY IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS INFECTION AND CYTOMEGALOVIRUS INFECTION OF THE CERVIX UTERI
Authors: Morse Anne R. , Coleman Dulcie V. , Gardner Sylvia D. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA cytological and virological study was made to determine the incidence of herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection and cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection of the cervix uteri in 197 women attending a venereal diseases clinic. Cervical cytology was compared with virus isolation as a means of detecting these infections. Herpes simplex virus was isolated from 11 out of 186 women appropriately tested (5.9 per cent) and an additional 5 patients (2.7 per cent) showed only cytological evidence of the infection, giving a combined diagnostic rate of 8.6 per cent. Cytomegalovirus was isolated from 12 out of 145 patients suitably tested (8.3 per cent) and an inclusion‐bearing cell was identified in one of these patients. An association between CMV and multiple genital warts was noticed.
THE EFFECT OF HYPOPHYSIAL HORMONES AND HUMAN CHORIONIC GONADOTROPHIN (HCG) ON THE ANENCEPHALIC FETAL ADRENAL CORTEX AND ON PARTURITION IN THE HUMAN
Authors: Honnebier W. J. , Jöbsis A. C. , Swaab D. F. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe present study examined whether the adrenal of the anencephalic fetus could be stimulated in utero with adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) or human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) injected directly into the fetus. The effect of the injections was judged by measuring hormone levels and by histological and histochemical examination of the fetal adrenals. The effect was also studied of stimulation of the fetal adrenal or the injection of neurohypophysial hormones on the initiation of parturition. HCG appeared to have no effect on the fetal adrenal while large doses of ACTH apparently stimulated adrenal growth and function to some extent. The possible presence of other adrenotropic factors is discussed as is the role of the placenta in determining the type of fetal adrenal activity as judged by predominance of the permanent or fetal zone of the fetal adrenal. Although labour was induced in one patient by means of injecting the fetus with oxytocin, we do not believe that the fetal hypothalamus provides the primary stimulus for the onset of labour in humans.
NUTRITIONAL ANAEMIA DURING PREGNANCY A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF TWO SOCIO‐ECONOMIC CLASSES
Authors: Molina Rafael A. , Diez‐Ewald María , Fernández Gerardo , Velázquez Nelson 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe incidence of haemoglobin and nutrient deficiencies during pregnancy was studied in 88 women of poor economic background and 88 from the middle economic class. Blood samples were taken in the first trimester before treatment, and after treatment either with iron, or iron plus folic acid. In the first trimester, the poor class patients had a statistically significantly higher rate of deficiency in all parameters except serum folate and total iron‐binding capacity (TIBC). At term, despite being treated in a similar way, the poor class patients were still at a disadvantage compared to the middle class. Despite iron therapy, the frequency of anaemia remained unchanged in both groups. It is concluded that a daily dosage of 130 mg. of elemental iron is insufficient to correct anaemia in pregnancy, and that iron and folic acid supplementation should be routinely administered throughout pregnancy, regardless of economic status.
SERUM COPPER IN NORMAL PREGNANCY IN NIGERIANS
Authors: Osclatunbosun D. A. , Adadevoh B. K. , Adeniyi F. A. 
Published: August 2005

SummarySerum copper concentrations were determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy in 288 Nigerian women comprising 212 pregnant women, 44 non‐pregnant controls and 32 postpartum women. There was a small progressive increase in serum copper during the first two trimesters to values at the upper limits of those of the nonpregnant controls. Significant increases occurred during the last trimester and persisted until the fourteenth postpartum day when the serum copper had declined to the levels observed in the control group. Both the absolute increase in serum copper and the proportion of women with increases outside the normal range were smaller than those previously reported in non‐Nigerians.
THE EFFECT OF INCUBATING A COPPER RELEASING INTRAUTERINE DEVICE ON SPERM PENETRATION AND SPINNBARKEIT OF CERVICAL MUCUS
Authors: Rush Frances , Elstein Max 
Published: August 2005

SummaryNormal mid‐cycle cervical mucus was incubated with a “opper Seven” intrauterine device for different periods of time and Spinnbarkeit, sperm penetration and copper levels were estimated. As the duration of incubation time increased, the Spinnbarkeit and sperm penetration decreased and the copper levels increased. Cervical mucus from women with “Copper Seven” intrauterine devices was also tested. The levels of copper producing inhibition of sperm penetration in vitro were much greater than those actually found in vivo. It was concluded that the contraceptive action of the “Copper Seven” intrauterine device is not primarilyachieved by its effect on sperm transport
HAEMODYNAMIC EFFECTS OF COMBINED OESTROGEN/PROGESTOGEN ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES
Authors: Lehtov1rta P. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe effects of a combined contraceptive pill, and of its oestrogen and progestogen components, on the haemodynamics in the recumbent and upright positions were studied in 49 healthy young women. Twenty‐nine women were given a contraceptive pill containing 2.5 mg. of lynestrenol and 0.075 mg. of mestranol (Lyndiol 2.5) for two months, while 10 women received mestranol only and 10 women lynestrenol only for 10 to 13 days. A significant increase in cardiac output, blood volume and stroke volume was observed after combined oral contraceptive therapy. Similar changes were recorded in the women given mestranol, but not in those given lynestrenol. The tilt response was not influenced by any treatment. The present results indicate that the haemodynamic changes observed during combined (oestrogen/progestogen) oral contraceptive treatment are caused by oestrogens.
PERIPHERAL HAEMODYNAMIC EFFECTS OF COMBINED OESTROGEN/PROGESTOGEN ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES
Authors: Lehtovirta P. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe effects of a combined contraceptive pill, and of its oestrogen and progestogen components, on the forearm blood circulation were studied in 83 healthy young women. Twenty‐seven women were given a contraceptive pill containing 2.5 mg. of lynestrenol and 0.075 mg. of mestranol (Lyndiol 2.5) for two months, while 33 women received mestranol only and 23 lynestrenol only for 10 to 13 days. A significant increase in peak flow, return time, excess flow and repayment and a significant decrease in local vascular resistance were found during reactive hyperaemia measured by plethysmography after one and two months' combined oral contraceptive therapy. Similar changes were recorded in the women given mestranol, but not in those given lynestrenol. In the muscular circulation measured by 133Xe clearance during reactive hyperaemia return time was the only parameter which increased in women given combined oral contraceptives, but not in those given oestrogen or lynestrenol. The resting blood flow in the forearm was not influenced by any treatment. The present results indicate that the changes in the peripheral circulation observed during combined (oestrogen/progestogen) oral contraceptive treatment are caused by oestrogen and it is possible that the skin blood flow is the site of the changes.
THE RELATION BETWEEN A LARGE BABY AT BIRTH AND DIMINISHED MATERNAL FIRST PHASE INSULIN RESPONSE TO GLUCOSE
Authors: Ledward R. S. , Paterson P. J. , Turner R. C. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryStudies have been undertaken to determine whether the insulin response to intravenous glucose in a group of 20 to 24 week pregnant, potentially diabetic, women might be useful in the detection of those whose babies will be large. The investigation confirmed that glucose tolerance alone is not a good discriminant. Measurement of the first phase of insulin release, when corrected for the increased insulin release associated with maternal obesity, is a better discriminant. Other factors, including maternal obesity, contribute to the production of a large baby.
INTRA‐AMNIOTIC PROSTAGLANDIN FOR INDUCTION OF ABORTION: AN IMPROVED REGIME USING PROSTAGLANDIN E2
Authors: Mackenzie I. Z. , Embrey M. P. , Hillier Keith 
Published: August 2005

SummaryEighty‐two patients were studied using four different dose schedules of intraamniotic prostaglandin F2α and E2. The most successful results were obtained in 32 patients receiving two injections of 10 mg. of prostaglandin E2 at a six‐hour interval; 31 aborted within 24 hours with a mean time of 12.6 hours; an acceptable level of side effects was observed. The addition of an infusion of oxytocin did not significantly affect the result. These results represent an improvement over previously published data using intra‐amniotic prostaglandin E2 alone.
THE DIAMETER OF THE UTERINE ISTHMUS DURING THE MENSTRUAL CYCLE, PREGNANCY AND THE PUERPERIUM
Authors: Johnstone F. D. , Boyd I. E. , McArthy T. G. , McClure Browne J. C. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe diameter of the uterine isthmus was measured in 188 patients under different physiological conditions. It was found that measurements were reproducible with a low mean coefficient of variation (3 per cent). In the non‐pregnant patient the highest measurements were recorded during the menstrual period and the lowest in the preceding week. The isthmic diameter increased during the first trimester of pregnancy when it was slightly greater in parous than in nulliparous patients. Even 9 to 12 weeks after delivery, the diameter of the isthmus had not fallen to the size recorded in parous patients more than four months postpartum.
HUMAN GROWTH HORMONE (HGH), THYROID STIMULATING HORMONE (TSH) AND CORTISOL LEVELS IN THE SERUM OF MENSTRUATING THAI WOMEN
Authors: Saxena Badri N. , Dusitsin Nikorn , Lazarus Les 
Published: August 2005

SummaryIsolated studies of human growth hormone (HGH), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and cortisol levels during the menstrual cycle have previously been reported in healthy Caucasian women but no similar studies have been done in Asian women. Using aliquots of basal serum samples collected daily throughout a single ovulatory menstrual cycle, we studied HGH, TSH and cortisol levels in six healthy Thai women. No specific cyclic patterns were noted.
A DECREASE IN FETAL pH DURING THE SECOND STAGE OF LABOUR, WHEN CONDUCTED IN THE DORSAL POSITION
Authors: Humphrey M. D. , Chang A. , Wood E. C. , Morgan S. , Hounslow D. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA random controlled trial was performed to compare the effects of the dorsal and left‐tilt delivery positions upon fetal acid‐base status. The dorsal position was associated with a time‐related decrease in fetal pH, whereas the left tilt position was not.
DAY‐TO‐DAY VARIATIONS IN FASTING PLASMA GLUCOSE AND FASTING PLASMA INSULIN LEVELS IN LATE NORMAL PREGNANCY
Authors: Campbell D. M. , Bewsher P. D. , Davidson J. M. , Sutherland H. W. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe fasting plasma glucose and fasting plasma insulin levels of eight normal outpatient primigravidae have been studied over six successive days at 37 weeks' gestation. In addition, the fasting plasma glucose in six primigravidae, who were in‐patients in a metabolic unit, has been measured on three successive days. It is concluded that while there is in general little day‐to‐day variation in both fasting plasma glucose and fasting plasma insulin, the plasma glucose was significantly elevated on the first day of the study.
BIOCHEMICAL AND HAEMATOLOGICAL CHANGES IN AN UNSUCCESSFUL TWIN PREGNANCY FOLLOWING INDUCTION OF OVULATION BY GONADOTROPHINS
Authors: Macdonald H. N. , Good W. , Hancock K. W. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryBiochemical and haematological changes which occurred in a pregnancy that terminated in abortion 15 weeks after ovulation are presented in relation to previously determined normal patterns. The biochemical changes gave little indication of impending abortion, but the haematological picture seemed to be more informative in this respect. Blood haemoglobin, blood haematocrit, mean cell volume and mean cell haemoglobin changed rather less than might have been expected, while increasing erythrocyte osmotic fragility and increasing white cell count appeared to anticipate the abortion by about 20 and 30 days respectively.
ALTERED SEX RATIO AFTER THE LONDON SMOG OF 1952 AND THE BRISBANE FLOOD OF 1965
Authors: Lyster W. R. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe seasonal distribution of the sex ratio of livebirths has already been correlated with the seasonal distribution of rainfall approximately 320 days earlier. The daily rainfall readings and the daily analysis of drinking water in Brisbane, Queensland, have now been compared with daily births in the maternity hospitals of that city. The interval between the two sets of events ceases to be a mere approximation and becomes a fairly precise 320 days.There was also an interval of exactly 320 days between the smog which covered Greater London from 5th to 9th December 1952, and the births of 109 males and 144 females at 16 London hospitals from 22nd to 26th October 1953. That anomaly occurred in the middle of an extended period during which very masculine sex ratios had otherwise consistently prevailed.
VARIATION IN RESPONSE TO SYNTHETIC LUTEINIZING HORMONE—RELEASING HORMONE (LH‐RH) AT DIFFERENT PHASES OF THE SAME MENSTRUAL CYCLE IN NORMAL WOMEN
Authors: Shaw R. W. , Butt W. R. , London D. R. , Marshall J. C. 
Published: August 2005

SummarySynthetic luteinizing hormone‐releasing hormone (LH‐RH) was given intravenously in a dose of 100μg. to 24 normal regularly menstruating women at various stages of the same menstrual cycle. The luteinizing hormone (LH) response was always greater during the luteal phase (days 22 to 24) than during the early follicular (days 4 to 6) or mid‐follicular phases (days 8 to 10). No statistical difference was shown between the two groups studied in the early and mid‐follicular phases for LH release, but in four subjects, studied on four occasions in the same cycle, the greatest release of LH occurred on day 14. The follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) responses were more variable although every patient showed a significant rise in circulating FSH after the injected LH‐RH. The luteal phase response was greater in all but four of the subjects tested. However, a significantly larger response (0.1<p>0.05) was seen in the early follicular phase when compared with the mid‐follicular phase responses. No correlation between LH or FSH responses and circulating progesterone levels could be demonstrated in any of the subjects. A negative correlation (r=−0.55; 0.1>p>0.05) was found between sum of FSH increments and circulating oestradiol during the early follicular phase, but no such correlation was seen in the mid‐follicular phase responses. Similarly, a negative correlation between sum of FSH increments and oestradiol (r=−0.70; 0.05>p>0.02) was demonstrated in the luteal phase responses, but no correlation with LH response was apparent.
THE MONITORING OF GONADOTROPHIN THERAPY BY PLASMA OESTRADIOL AND PROGESTERONE DETERMINATIONS
Authors: McGarrigle H. H. G. , Radwanska Ewa , Little Valerie , Swyer G. I. M. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryPlasma oestradiol and progesterone determinations by competitive protein binding techniques were introduced as a means of monitoring treatment with human gonadotrophins of 32 infertile women with amenorrhoea or severe oligomenorrhoea. Human menopausal gonadotrophin (HMG) was administered on days 1, 3 and 5. Human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) was injected on day 8 if the response to HMG stimulation was adequate but not excessive, a second dose being given seven days later.There was a significant correlation between urinary oestrone and plasma oestradiol, as calculated on the basis of 140 paired results (r=0.85; p<0.001). The correlation between urinary pregnanediol and plasma progesterone was calculated on the basis of 51 paired estimations performed at the mid‐luteal phase (r=0.925; p<0.001).The ovarian response in 47 cycles of treatment with HMG and HCG which were fully monitored by plasma estimations have been divided into two sub‐groups: adequate (20 cycles), when the plasma progesterone on day 15 (7 days after HCG) exceeded 10 ng./ml.; and deficient (27 cycles), with plasma progesterone values below 10 ng./ml. The day‐8 plasma oestradiol values ranged from 150 to 550 (mean 312) pg./ml. in the adequate cycles and from 30 to 540 (mean 228) pg./ml. in the deficient cycles. From this it would appear that 150 pg./ml. is the lower limit of plasma oestradiol for a normal ovulatory response. Plasma oestradiol levels on day 15 were recorded in the range 170 to 1500 (mean 577) pg./ml. in the group of adequate cycles and 25 to 387 (mean 181) pg./ml. in the deficient cycles. In eight cycles overstimulation was encountered, as judged by plasma oestradiol levels exceeding 700 pg./ml. on day 8 of treatment, and HCG injection was with‐held. Two patients showed no response to HMG stimulation in five cycles.In 29 patients who received 68 complete courses of treatment, 13 pregnancies occurred, including three single births, one set of twins, one set of triplets, four abortions and four recent conceptions (outcome unknown).Plasma oestradiol and progesterone estimations by competitive protein binding techniques have proved of value in the monitoring of human gonadotrophin therapy and for us have replaced urinary estimations.
INDUCTION OF LABOUR BY EXTRA‐AMNIOTIC PROSTAGLANDIN:
Authors: Miller A. W. F. , Mack D. S. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryLabour was successfully induced by the extra‐amniotic administration of prostaglandins E2 in 69 patients of widely varying maturity. Sixty‐two babies were delivered in satisfactory condition, three died during labour, and there were four anencephalic infants. The use of extra‐amniotic prostaglandins can be considered if induction is required in particularly unfavourable circumstances or where there is a wish to avoid artificial rupture of the membranes.
EFFECT OF COPPER ON GROWTH OF HUMAN CERVICAL EPITHELIAL CELLS IN TISSUE CULTURE
Authors: Hounsell P. G. , Hawkins D. F. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryCopper sulphate in concentrations of 4×10−4M or more completely prevents outgrowth of explants of human cervical squamous epithelium in monolayer tissue culture. Concentrations of 3×10−5M copper or more reduce the rate at which cells in the cultures enter the mitotic phase. These findings are discussed in relation to the use of copper‐releasing intrauterine contraceptive devices.
TUBO‐OVARIAN ACTINOMYCOSIS ASSOCIATED WITH INTRAUTERINE CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES
Authors: Dische F. E. , Burt Lady J. M. , Davidson N. J. H. , Puntambekar Miss S. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryTwo patients with actinomycosis of the uterine adnexa are described. At the time symptoms developed one patient had a copper intrauterine contraceptive device in situ while the other had recently had a Lippes loop removed. Neither patient showed evidence of spread of infection from a lesion of bowel. It is suggested that the intrauterine devices may have played a part in the pathogenesis of the disease.
BIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF TWIN PREGNANCY IN DUNDEE
Authors: Daw E. , Walker J. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA review is presented of 712 twin pregnancies which occurred in Dundee between 1956 and 1971. It shows a falling age of twin reproduction, a changing ratio of mono‐ to dizygosity and the poor growth rates of both types. Birth weight variations suggest that “crowding” in the uterus may affect the individual growth of each twin, but the combined weight of twins continues to increase to term and shows no obvious sign of restriction.
BLOOD COAGULATION PROFlLE IN INDIAN PATIENTS WITH PRE‐ECLAMPSIA AND ECLAMPSIA
Authors: Dube B. , Bhattacharya Sulekha , Kanta Dube Rama 
Published: August 2005

SummaryTwelve Indian patients with pre‐eclampsia, 15 with eclampsia and 15 with normal pregnancy in the third trimester were investigated. A systemic bleeding diathesis was encountered in two patients with eclampsia and in none with pre‐eclampsia; two patients with pre‐eclampsia, however, had excessive uterine haemorrhage. Coagulation studies showed statistically significant prolongation of thrombin time, elevation of serum fibrinogen degradation products (FDP) and hypofibrino‐ genaemia in patients with pre‐eclampsia as well as eclampsia. In patients with eclampsia, significant thrombocytopenia also occurred. Euglobulin lysis time showed no significant change in patients with pre‐eclampsia and eclampsia. There was no significant difference in the coagulation profile between patients with eclampsia and pre‐eclampsia, except for more hypofibrinogenaemia in the former. The laboratory findings suggest the occurrence of intravascular coagulation
TOTAL URINARY QESTROGEN EXCRETION DURING NORMAL MENSTRUAL CYCLE AND NORMAL PREGNANCY IN NIGERIANS
Authors: Dada O. A. , Adadevoh B. Kwaku 
Published: August 2005

SummaryTotal oestrogens were measured during normal menstrual cycles and during pregnancy in healthy Nigerian women. During the menstrual cycle, maximum excretion was consistently observed in the luteal phase in contrast to findings in European and American populations. During pregnancy, oestrogen excretion was similar to that reported amongst Europeans only in early pregnancy; oestrogen excretion did not show the usual rapid rise in late pregnancy.
TUBAL PREGNANCY AFTER STERILIZATION
Authors: Chakravarti Sudip , Shardlow Julian 
Published: August 2005

SummaryTwelve cases of tubal pregnancy after sterilization operations are reported and the pathogenesis is discussed. Diagnosis is sometimes delayed because of the history of previous sterilization. It is paradoxical that the diagnosis of an intra‐uterine pregnancy after tubal sterilization is rarely in doubt yet the possibility of the fertilized ovum implanting in a tube known to have been damaged is some‐times overlooked. It is suggested that bilateral salpingectomy is the correct opera‐tive treatment for this condition.
NEONATAL MORTALITY OF BREECH DELIVERIES WITH AND WITHOUT FORCEPS TO THE AFTERCOMING HEAD
Authors: Milner R. D. G. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA retrospective study of 1423 liveborn breech deliveries occurring in one hospital from 1964 to 1973 inclusive showed that application of forceps to the aftercoming head of infants between 1 and 3 kg birth weight was associated with a significant reduction in neonatal mortality.
THE ROUTINE USE OF ORAL PROSTAGLANDIN E2 IN INDUCTION OF LABOUR
Authors: Tsakok F. H. M. , Grudzinskas Jurgis Gediminas , Karim S. M. M. , Ratnam S. S. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryOral PGE2 when combined with amniotomy was found to be safe and also an effective agent for induction of labour at term even when intensive monitoring is not possible for all patients as is the case in the University Department in Kandang Kerbau Hospital which has 9000 deliveries per year. It was found to be most useful in patients with a pelvic score of 5 and above and especially in multi‐gravidae. It obviates the discomfort and difficulties in maintaining an intravenous infusion.