bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Morphology and Mechanical Properties of Poly(vinyl alcohol)/Poly(lactic acid) Blend Films Prepared from Aqueous Dispersions
Authors: Belletti Giada , Ronconi Giulia , Mazzanti Valentina , Buratti Elena , Marchi Lorenzo , Sotgiu Giovanna , Calosi Matteo , Mollica Francesco , Bertoldo Monica 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn this study, the preparation of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/poly(lactic acid) (PLA) blends of different compositions, 100/0, 75/25, 50/50, 25/75, and 0/100, by mixing water solutions of the former and water dispersions of the latter polymer, is reported. Two distinct dispersions of PLA are prepared using a commercial‐grade polyester and two different surfactants, an anionic one and a neutral one. Films of PLA and of the corresponding blends are obtained by simply drying at 60 °C the water dispersions without or with the PVA. The films are characterized by infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis. This evidences an island‐like morphology, with the continuous phase consisting of a PVA rich phase at all compositions except 25/75, for which an inverted phase composition, with a continuous phase made mostly of PLA, is instead found. Voids caused by air bubbles trapped in the initial mixture are observed in particular in the formulations with the anionic surfactant. The trapped bubbles result in premature thermal degradation by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and mechanical failure during clamping. Films with the neutral stabilizer are tougher than the bare commercial PLA, with Young modulus and elongation at break depending on the combination of the composition and arrangement of blend phases.
Oriented Porous Polymer Scaffolds in Tissue Engineering: A Comprehensive Review of Preparation Strategies and Applications
Authors: Liu Tong , Wang Yibo , Kuang Tairong 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe pursuit of effective therapeutic strategies for tissue damage has prompted extensive scholarly investigations worldwide. Tissue engineering has emerged as a prominent approach, particularly through the utilization of artificial scaffolds that closely resemble the natural extracellular matrix (ECM). These scaffolds exhibit multi‐scale topological structures and surface physicochemical properties, which significantly influence cellular behavior, thereby attracting considerable attention from numerous researchers. This comprehensive review is concentrated on the primary techniques employed in the fabrication of biodegradable polymer scaffolds possessing oriented porous structures, and the most recent advancements in tissue engineering research are presented. Significantly, the profound influence of scaffold surface characteristics is underscored on cellular behavior, elucidating the superiority of oriented pore structures over disordered ones in mimicking the distinctive attributes of the ECM. Enhanced cell adhesion, proliferation, and tissue differentiation represent notable advantages associated with oriented porous scaffolds. Additionally, the critical interplay between scaffold structure, performance, and functionalization is emphasized, highlighting the imperative to optimize the clinical application of tissue engineering scaffolds.
Use of Spectroscopic, Mechanical, and Microbiological Analysis to Study a Natural Sheep Leather
Authors: Catauro Michelina , Guadagno Liberata , D'Angelo Antonio , Raimondo Marialuigia , Zarrelli Mauro , Piccirillo Annamaria 
Published: October 2023

AbstractNatural leather is a durable and flexible material processed from the hides and skins of animals by tanning. The individual features and the composition of each animal's hides and skin contribute to determine the chemico‐physical and mechanical properties of the obtained natural leather. Deep knowledge of such properties is required to select a suitable application field for the produced leather as well as for the development of new performant synthetic leather. In the present work, the chemical structure of sheep leather used as a model is studied by attenuated total reflection Fourier‐transform infrared (ATR‐FTIR) spectroscopy. Moreover, some chemico‐physical properties, as well as microbiological properties and tensile strength, are determined.
FTIR Analysis of the Curing Behaviors of Bi‐Functional Epoxy Resin with Anhydride Based Hardener
Authors: Vertuccio Luigi , Calabrese Elisa , D'Angelo Antonio , Piccirillo Anna Maria , Longo Raffaele 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn the field of structural materials, there is a growing need to use new materials/components, which can be easily manufactured through energy‐saving production processes. The design of the new materials must guarantee improved mechanical and thermal performance or at least the preservation of the performance of current materials. This study deals with the kinetics and the curing reactions of a bi‐functional epoxy precursor, which can be cured using as hardener an anhydride. The system is able to reach a high curing degree and good mechanical performance, suitable for structural components. The curing process has been monitored using Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis. The FTIR results highlight high curing conversions also at low values of temperature.
Design and Printing of a Case for an Arduino System
Authors: Tulică Alexandru Constantin , Roșca Ileana‐Constanța , Drugă Corneliu‐Nicolae , Torcătoru Constantin 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis article will be presented the stages of making a two‐component housing, for the protection and stability of a system that is implemented on an Arduino data acquisition and acquisition board. The housing has the actual body and cover, implicitly four inner pillars, which will present the stability in the housing of the system. The design and printing stages of this element of the mechatronic system will be identified. The design will be done with the help of the Solidworks program, and the printing will be done with the Prusa I3 printer.
Application of Supervised and Unsupervised Machine Learning to the Classification of Damaged Rotor‐Bearing Systems
Authors: Rezazadeh Nima , Felaco Amelia , Fallahy Shila , Lamanna Giuseppe 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn this letter, supervised machine learning classifiers are compared with clustering algorithms in the categorization of malfunctioned rotor systems. For this purpose, a dataset containing 660 faulted rotor‐bearing systems—that are, unbalanced, misaligned, and cracked—is used. Samples are created utilizing the finite element method in MATLAB. A sequential forward selection (SFS) method is employed to reduce the number of features in the signal‐processing stage after the feature extraction phase in the time, frequency, and time–frequency domains. The outcomes of three supervised algorithms—support vector machine, k‐nearest neighbors, and ensemble learning, as well as one unsupervised procedure, e.g., k‐Means clustering, are compared. In the latter method, to find the optimal number of clusters, the Calinski–Harabasz criterion is applied. The findings represent that, even though the supervised methods' acquired accuracies are noticeably higher (97.7% in the validation stage), using clustering algorithms can be beneficial in a variety of real‐time condition monitoring applications in rotating machines where the type, extent, and location of the damage are unknown.
Acetaldehyde as a Food Flavoring Substance: Aspects of Risk Assessment
Authors: Cartus Alexander T. , Lachenmeier Dirk W. , Guth Sabine , Roth Angelika , Baum Matthias , Diel Patrick , Eisenbrand Gerhard , Engeli Barbara , Hellwig Michael , Humpf Hans‐Ulrich , Joost Hans‐Georg , Kulling Sabine E. , Lampen Alfonso , Marko Doris , Steinberg Pablo , Wätjen Wim , Hengstler Jan G. , Mally Angela 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe Senate Commission on Food Safety (SKLM) of the German Research Foundation (DFG) has reviewed the currently available data in order to assess the health risks associated with the use of acetaldehyde as a flavoring substance in foods. Acetaldehyde is genotoxic in vitro. Following oral intake of ethanol or inhalation exposure to acetaldehyde, systemic genotoxic effects of acetaldehyde in vivo cannot be ruled out (induction of DNA adducts and micronuclei). At present, the key question of whether acetaldehyde is genotoxic and mutagenic in vivo after oral exposure cannot be answered conclusively. There is also insufficient data on human exposure. Consequently, it is currently not possible to reliably assess the health risk associated with the use of acetaldehyde as a flavoring substance. However, considering the genotoxic potential of acetaldehyde as well as numerous data gaps that need to be filled to allow a comprehensive risk assessment, the SKLM considers that the use of acetaldehyde as a flavoring may pose a safety concern. For reasons of precautionary consumer protection, the SKLM recommends that the scientific base for approval of the intentional addition of acetaldehyde to foods as a flavoring substance should be reassessed.
A perspective on single‐photon LiDAR systems
Authors: Boretti Alberto 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis perspective discusses the challenges and opportunities of single‐photon LiDAR and Raman LiDAR systems. Typical uses of LiDAR and Raman LiDAR include autonomous vehicles, mapping and surveying, environmental monitoring, archeology, and cultural heritage, meteorology and weather forecasting, defense and security, natural resource management, and infrastructure inspection. Key directions of development include sensitivity and range, spatial resolution, speed and efficiency, integration with other sensors, miniaturization and portability, and cost reduction. With a market value of 1.5 billion US$ in 2021, LiDAR systems are projected to grow to 4.83 billion US$ by 2030, at a CAGR of 13.8% during the forecast period.
Partial dietary fishmeal replacement with soy products in grow-out-stage Burbot
Authors: Oliver Luke P. , Bruce Timothy J. , Gulen Sinem , Jones Evan M. , Vuglar Brent M. , Brown Michael L. , Cain Kenneth D. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Objective
The primary objective of this study was to determine how soy products affect Burbot Lota lota maculosa growth and gastric evacuation. The secondary objective was to determine the digestibility of common soy products in Burbot.

Methods
A 130-day feed study was conducted with subadult (grow-out stage) Burbot to evaluate performance with 25% of the dietary fish meal replaced with soybean meal or soy protein concentrate compared with a control diet formulated to resemble a salmonid diet. Additionally, diets from the feed study, along with chironomid meal (a natural forage item), were used to determine Burbot gastric evacuation rates using fish naive to soy. These diets, containing over 12% soy, were applied to fish from the same cohort of Burbot used in the initial feed study. A digestibility assessment was conducted using diets with 30% of the fish meal replaced with soybean meal, soy protein concentrate, and a fermented soybean meal.

Result
No differences in growth performance were observed. The gastric evacuation assessment revealed that soy protein concentrate was evacuated at a significantly higher rate than chironomid meal; however, no other differences in gastric evacuation rates among diets were detectable. Apparent digestibility of protein was significantly higher in the soybean meal, soy protein concentrate, and fermented soybean meal treatments relative to the control diet. Apparent lipid digestibility was significantly lower in the soybean meal diet relative to the control diet; however, neither diet was significantly different from the soy protein concentrate or fermented soybean meal treatments.

Conclusion
Soy protein is highly digestible in grow-out-stage Burbot, these fish can be produced to market size on diets with ≥25% of the fish meal (relative to the experimental control diet) replaced with soybean meal or soy protein concentrate with no impact on growth performance relative to a salmonid diet formulation.
Measurement of changes in cerebrospinal fluid pulsation after traumatic brain injury using echo‐planar imaging‐based functional MRI
Authors: Kim Jun‐Hee , Im Jae‐Geun , Park Sung‐Hong 
Published: October 2023

AbstractTraumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major public health concern worldwide, with a high incidence and a significant impact on morbidity and mortality. The alteration of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) dynamics after TBI is a well‐known phenomenon; however, the underlying mechanisms and their implications for cognitive function are not fully understood. In this study, we propose a new approach to studying the alteration of CSF dynamics in TBI patients. Our approach involves using conventional echo‐planar imaging‐based functional MRI with no additional scan, allowing for simultaneous assessment of functional CSF dynamics and blood oxygen level‐dependent–based functional brain activities. We utilized two previously suggested indices of (i) CSFpulse, and (ii) correlation between global brain activity and CSF inflow. Using CSFpulse, we demonstrated a significant decrease in CSF pulsation following TBI (p < 0.05), which was consistent with previous studies. Furthermore, we confirmed that the decrease in CSF pulsation was most prominent in the early months after TBI, which could be explained by ependymal ciliary loss, intracranial pressure increment, or aquaporin‐4 dysregulation. We also observed a decreasing trend in the correlation between global brain activity and CSF inflow in TBI patients (p < 0.05). Our findings suggest that the decreased CSF pulsation after TBI could lead to the accumulation of toxic substances in the brain and an adverse effect on brain function. Further longitudinal studies with larger sample sizes, TBI biomarker data, and various demographic information are needed to investigate the association between cognitive decline and CSF dynamics after TBI. Overall, this study sheds light on the potential role of altered CSF dynamics in TBI‐induced neurologic symptoms and may contribute to the development of novel therapeutic interventions.
Novel cannabinoid receptor 1 inverse agonist CRB‐913 enhances efficacy of tirzepatide, semaglutide, and liraglutidein the diet‐induced obesity mouse model
Authors: Morningstar Marshall , Kolodziej Andrew , Ferreira Suzie , Blumen Tracy , Brake Rachael , Cohen Yuval 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjectiveIncretin receptor agonists are now standard of care in treating obesity. Their efficacy and tolerability might be further improved by combining them with compounds that offer orthogonal mechanisms of action. The cannabinoid type 1 receptor (CB1R) is a clinically validated therapeutic target in obesity, and several experimental CB1R inverse agonists have been shown to induce weight loss.MethodsThis study characterizes a novel CB1R inverse agonist (CRB‐913) with similar preclinical potency to rimonabant but markedly reduced brain penetration. CRB‐913 was tested as monotherapy and in combination with tirzepatide, semaglutide, or liraglutide in the diet‐induced obesity (DIO) mouse model for body weight reduction.ResultsCRB‐913 demonstrated enhanced plasma exposure (3.8‐fold larger area under the curvelast) and reduced brain levels (9.5‐fold lower area under the curvelast) than rimonabant. CRB‐913 monotherapy yielded a dose‐dependent decrease in body weight in DIO mice reaching −22% within 18 days. In further DIO studies in combination with tirzepatide, semaglutide, or liraglutide, CRB‐913 (2.5 mg/kg) resulted in −32.6%, −28.8%, and −16.8% decreases in body weight on Day 18, respectively, with concomitant improvements in body fat content, liver triglycerides, and liver fat deposits.ConclusionsCRB‐913 in combination with incretin analogues could deliver meaningful improvements over current standards of care for obesity and related conditions.
Intercostal nerve cryoablation reduces opioid utilization after thoracotomy in children with cancer
Authors: McElhinney Kathryn L. , Zeineddin Suhail , Ahle Samantha L. , Goldstein Seth D. , Lautz Timothy B. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundIntercostal nerve cryoablation (INC) has shown promise as an adjunct method for analgesia in adults undergoing thoracotomy, but has yet to be widely used in children for this indication. We hypothesize that INC decreases opioid utilization in children undergoing thoracotomy for cancer operations.MethodsA retrospective review was performed of children who underwent thoracotomy for cancer diagnosis at a freestanding children's hospital from 2018 to 2023. Patient characteristics, intraoperative data, and data on clinical course were collected. Patients were divided into those who underwent INC and those who underwent routine care for comparison.ResultsTwenty‐six patients underwent 38 procedures at a median age of 16 years (range 5–21 years). INC was performed in 23 cases over a median of five intercostal levels (range 2–7). Total oral morphine equivalents during inpatient admission were significantly lower in INC patients (137.6 vs. 514.5 mg, p = .002). Routine care patients were more likely to be discharged with an opioid prescription (30.4% vs. 80.0%, p = .008). Length of stay was similar between patients with INC and routine care (4 vs. 5 days, p = .15). There were no differences in rates of reoperation or 30‐day re‐admission (emergency department or inpatient).ConclustionsINC is a feasible and safe adjunct for children undergoing thoracotomy for cancer. INC is associated with reduced postoperative opioid utilization with respect to both inpatient use and outpatient prescriptions.
Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy: An inexpensive, rapid, and less‐destructive tool for starch and resistant starch analysis from pulse flour
Authors: Johnson Nathan , Thavarajah Pushparajah , Madurapperumage Amod , Windsor Nathan , Tang Leung , Thavarajah Dil 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPulse crops are a rich source of resistant starch (RS) (5–7 g/100 g), a prebiotic carbohydrate that promotes gut health. The standard method to measure total starch (TS) and RS is through enzymatic assay; however, this is both time consuming and expensive. Fourier‐transform mid‐infrared (FT‐MIR) spectroscopy is a high‐throughput, cost‐effective method to quantify nutritional traits in seeds, but models have not been developed for starch in pulse crops. Therefore, this study aimed to develop and validate an FT‐MIR chemometric technique to estimate TS and RS in dry pea (Pisum sativum L.), chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), and lentil (Lens culinaris, Medikus) flours to accelerate global pulse breeding efforts, support industrial carbohydrate utilization, and develop healthier food‐feed calorie contents. Breeding lines were selected to capture the diversity of starch concentrations in each crop and were analyzed using an enzymatic assay. Models for each trait–crop combination were calibrated using partial least squares regression, resulting in R2 and root means square error of prediction ranging from 0.91 to 0.96 and 0.16 to 4.0 g/100 g, respectively. These results demonstrate that FT‐MIR spectroscopy is a promising tool for estimating TS and RS concentrations in pulse crops at a reduced analysis time and cost, expediting plant breeding and starch use efforts in the food processing industry.
Environmental horticulture for domestic and community gardens—An integrated and applied research approach
Authors: Gush Mark B. , Blanuša Tijana , Chalmin‐Pui Lauriane S. , Griffiths Alistair , Larsen Elisabeth K. , Prasad Raghavendra , Redmile‐Gordon Marc , Sutcliffe Chloe 
Published: October 2023

Societal Impact StatementDaunting global challenges of climate change and biodiversity loss may seem overwhelming. However, gardeners have a secret weapon—gardens, balconies, indoor planting, yards and allotments are mini‐ecosystems that offer opportunities to counter perceptions of helplessness, inadequacy and resultant inaction by using those spaces to ‘Do what we can, with what we have, where we are’. Minimising gardening ‘footprints’ to mitigate harmful impacts, whilst maximising gardening ‘handprints’ to enhance benefits, is readily achievable. With this in mind, the Royal Horticultural Society is leading research into environmental horticulture for gardens, and benefits for individual wellbeing.SummaryThis article presents an integrated and applied research approach to the unique and multi‐disciplinary area of science referred to here as environmental horticulture. It does this by: (a) providing an institutional perspective (The Royal Horticultural Society) on a research approach for this particular area, emphasising why domestic and community gardens are important in the context of global environmental threats; (b) presenting four primary research focus areas and project examples; and (c) highlighting interdisciplinary linkages, future research needs, public engagement/knowledge sharing opportunities, and ‘Green Skills’ development in the area of environmental horticulture. Research focus areas discussed are: (1) responding to the changing climate (adaptation, mitigation and resilience solutions in gardens); (2) ‘plants for purpose’ (harnessing the potential of horticultural plant diversity, and gardening, to help regulate environmental conditions); (3) sustainability and climate risk reduction through effective and efficient resource management (reduction, re‐use, recycling and repurposing); and (4) gardening and cultivated plant choice for human health and wellbeing. We argue that a key research priority is improving our understanding of the linkages and interactions between soil, water, plants, weather and people. These crucial linkages affect above and below ground processes, for both outdoor and indoor plants. They impact the effectiveness with which water and nutrient cycling takes place, the extent to which ecosystem services may be delivered, and the resultant capacity of gardens and gardening to provide environmental and human health benefits.
Transmission Electron Microscopy Investigation of Self‐assembled 'Si/Mn4Si7‐Alloy' Janus Nanosphere Architectures Produced by a HelixJet Atmospheric Plasma Source
Authors: Wolff Niklas , Dworschak Maren , Benedikt Jan , Kienle Lorenz 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe HelixJet atmospheric plasma‐assisted synthesis can be a new toolbox to realize dedicated nanoparticle architectures such as Janus‐type morphologies. Silicon nanoparticles produced by the decomposition of Silane molecules are directed into an in‐flight annealing stage. The applied high‐temperature supplies a metal vapor rich atmosphere containing Manganese, Chromium, Iron, and Tin outgassing from the used steel tube. The metal atoms alloy into the Silicon nanoparticles and form a self‐assembled 'Si/MnxSiy‐alloy' Janus nanosphere architecture. The Janus particles nanochemistry is thoroughly examined in detail by the analytic capabilities of transmission electron microscopy. The combined approach of electron diffraction, EDS, and EELS identifies the Janus particle composition consisting of a pure Si hemisphere interfaced to an alloyed Mn4Si7 hemisphere covered by a thin (MnaFebCrc)Siy surface shell.