bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of nanotechnology in clinical dentistry type of manuscript: Review article
Authors: Jain Sanjoli , Singla Mamta 
Published: January 2024

Over the years, dentistry has undergone multiple phases of revolution, increasing its reliability and patients' comfort. One of these, "NANOTECHNOLOGY," has the potential to fundamentally alter how management and diagnostics are performed. A preliminary vision by Feynma led to the conception of nanotechnology in 1959. Since the dimensions of nanotechnology have been understood, it has been suggested that nanotechnology is the sector with a great potential for development considering its implications in the different fields of medical and dental sciences.Several nanotechnology advancements have been applied in the field of oral health over the past 10 years, however many of these applications are still in their early years. Just a few of the several dental applications of nanotechnology include dentition renaturalization, treatment for dentin hypersensitivity, full-visit orthodontic realignment, covalent bonding of diamondized enamel, enhanced root canal sealant properties, and currently ongoing oral health maintenance using mechanical dentifrobots.Numerous artificial nanoparticles, such as hydroxyapatite, bio glass, titanium, zirconia, and silver nanoparticles, are recommended for dental restoration. If executed correctly, the discipline of nanotechnology has the potential to significantly benefit human society by enhancing health, better utilizing natural resources, and reducing environmental pollution. Every procedure in dentistry in the future will be performed with instruments and technologies based on nanotechnology.
Clinico-mycological profile of fungal infections in a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Gupta Veenu , Singh Monica , Mahajan Rajesh , Chaudhary Jyoti , Aggarwal Manisha 
Published: January 2024

The fungal infections are increasing at high rate especially in immune-compromised patients and elderly population. In high risk population, antifungal resistance is becoming a major concern. Antifungal susceptibility testing is important for appropriate management and better outcome of patients. The aim of the study was to know clinico-Mycological profile of fungal infections in admitted patients.This prospective study was carried out in a tertiary care hospital. Various samples were received from patients with suspected fungal infections. All samples were inoculated on SDA except blood & body fluids which were directly inoculated into blood culture bottles and processed in BACTEK/BacTAlert system. Fungal infections were characterized and antifungal susceptibility was done for yeast isolates with VITEK-AST panel. : Out of total 19698 patients suspected of fungal infection, fungal infection was seen in 365 patients , 100% susceptibility was seen to Fluconazole and Echinocandins. Whereas in NAC (non-albicans ), 72.5% susceptibility was seen to fluconazole and Voriconazole (82.5%). Antifungal resistance is major cause of morbidity and mortality. Prompt diagnosis and antifungal susceptibility will offer the early appropriate treatment and better clinical outcome of patient.
Clinicohematological and drug prescription details in children affected with malaria: A retrospective study from a tertiary hospital of an endemic region in India
Authors: Jakribettu Ramakrishna Pai , Abraham Soniya , Daddibavi Akkamma , Bhandari Ganesh , Palatty Princy Louis , Baliga Manjeshwar Shrinath 
Published: January 2024

Malaria is a life threatening plasmodial infection transmitted by infected female Anopheles mosquitoes. It infects mainly the reticulo-endothelial system and causes derangement in the hematological parameters. This study was undertaken to study the Clinicohematological and audit of drug prescription in children affected with malaria attending a tertiary care hospital at Mangalore in Karnataka state of India.This was a retrospective study conducted in a tertiary care hospital among paediatric patients (&#60;18 years of age) who were diagnosed with malaria during the study period. All the clinical details and other laboratory parameters were collected from the medical records and the lab parameters compared with control group, and statistical analysis was done. The mean, standard deviation was done for all the parameters and compared with control cases, using ANOVA /Kruskal Wallis test. The p value &#60; 0.05 were considered as significant.: A total of 290 children (males 182: females 108, 2:1) were included in the study, 204 (70.3%) patients had , mixed malaria 71 (24.5%) and 15 (5.2%) had . The Majority of the patients (179, 61.72%) belonged to the age group of 11-16 years (Table 1). Among the 290 children diagnosed with malaria, all had fever. Vomiting (89, 30.7%) was second most common symptom. The haemoglobin, and total leucocyte count was reduced in all patients, whereas the Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) was significantly higher in the infected cases. There was significant thrombocytopenia seen mainly in falciparum group. The liver and renal functions were deranged in infected cases. Among the 204 vivax group of patients, chloroquine (187, 91.67%) was the most frequently administered drug. All patients with and mixed group were treated with Artemether. Anti-hypnozoites drug, i.e. Primaquine were administrated to all vivax and mixed malarial patients as per guidelines for 14 days.The study area is a well document endemic region forvivax malaria and our results agreed to previous reports in this study with the paediatric age group. The audit of drug prescriptions suggests that the drugs prescribed were as per guidelines in majority of the children.
A multiple logistic model for prediction of urinary tract infections in an urban community: A public health perspective
Authors: Jain Neelam , Bhargava Kanika , Prasad Jagdish , Morlocan Alexandru-Atila , Nath Gopal , Bhargava Amit , Khinvasara Palak , Yadav Ragini , Aseri G.K. 
Published: January 2024

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common infectious diseases globally. A lot of clinical research has been done on UTI patients, but a questionnaire-based study on UTI is scarce. A cross-sectional study was conducted on outpatients with a high suspicion of uncomplicated UTI in Hayes Memorial Mission Hospital at Prayagraj (Eastern part of Northern India) to find out the frequency of symptoms and predisposing factors and their relationship towards the prediction of UTI. Logistic regression analysis showed a significant association between UTI and some of the variables. Also, the factors responsible for the occurrence of UTI are “gender”, “how many times you urinate from morning till night”, “a sudden desire to urinate, which is difficult to hold”, “weakness of urinary stream”, “splitting or spraying of the urinary stream” and “fever”. A statistical model (multiple logistic model) has been also established for the prediction of UTIs with an accuracy of 82.2%. It is also observed that the prevalence rate (odds ratio) of UTI in females is 2.38 times that of males. The study created a screening questionnaire for patients suspected of having UTI. A multiple logistic model has been established for the prediction of UTI which can be instrumental for clinicians from a public health perspective in the management of Urinary Tract Infections in this era of escalating AMR.
Empiric therapy for community acquired urinary tract infection in an era of increasing antimicrobial resistance
Authors: Anam Bushra , Mustafa Maimoona , Anjum Iqra 
Published: January 2024

Community-acquired urinary tract infections (CA-UTIs) are widespread bacterial infections often necessitating empirical antibiotic therapy. However, the escalating antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a grave threat to treatment efficacy. This study aims to assess the prevalence of AMR in uropathogens causing CA-UTIs and its implications for empirical therapy. The study analyzed data from a tertiary care hospital, to determine AMR rates in common uropathogens, including and . Resistance levels to key antibiotics, such as Ampicillin, Ciprofloxacin, and Norfloxacin, were evaluated. Significant resistance rates were observed in uropathogens, with and showing marked resistance. Notably, resistance to commonly prescribed antibiotics like Ampicillin, Ciprofloxacin, and Norfloxacin was widespread, highlighting the severity of the AMR crisis. The increasing AMR in CA-UTIs calls for a comprehensive approach. Strategies including local resistance pattern monitoring, antimicrobial stewardship programs and the recommendation of drugs like nitrofurantoin (with lower drug resistance potential) are crucial to maintain the effectiveness of empirical therapy. This study underscores the urgent need for collaborative efforts to address AMR, ensuring effective CA-UTI management and safeguarding public health.
Reaction of the oral mucosa to damage and its regeneration during cytostatic therapy
Authors: Leontieva Irina V. , Pavlova Tatyana V. , Kulaeva Violetta V. , Iseeva Elena A. , Zatolokina Maria A. , Kaplin Anton N. , Leontieva Anna A. 
Published: January 2024

Objective: Experimental study of the damaging effect of cytostatics on the oral mucosa, disruption of the protective mechanisms of the mucous membrane, as well as assessment of the reversibility of these changes.
Materials and methods: Using histological, morphometric, and quantitative histochemical methods, the mucous membrane of the tongue was studied on 40 mature white outbred mice after intraperitoneal administration of the cytostatic cyclophosphamide (CP) at a dose of 400 mg/kg for 5 days (20 animals). Animals in the control group (20 mice) were injected with isotonic sodium chloride solution at the same frequency. The material was obtained 24 hours and 20 days after the last injection of the drug. The condition of the oral mucosa (OM) on the ventral surface of the tongue was assessed.
Results: Exposure to CP led to damage to all layers of the mucous membrane: the processes of proliferation and keratinization of the integumentary epithelium were disrupted, and synthetic processes in the epithelial cells of the small mixed salivary glands were disrupted. The number of granulocytes and mast cells decreased, and the relative volume of blood vessels in the connective tissue of the mucous membrane decreased. The changes were reversible.
Conclusions: Cytostatic therapy leads to damage to the oral mucosa and disruption of its supraepithelial, epithelial and subepithelial protective mechanisms. There is a high degree of regeneration of the mucous membranes after the withdrawal of the cytostatic drug.
Anti-COVID-19 Potential of Withaferin-A and Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester
Authors: Kumar Vipul , Sari Anissa Nofita , Gupta Dharmender , Ishida Yoshiyuki , Terao Keiji , Kaul Sunil C. , Vrati Sudhanshu , Sundar Durai , Wadhwa Renu 
Published: January 2024

Background:
The recent COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) pandemic triggered research
on the development of new vaccines/drugs, repurposing of clinically approved drugs, and
assessment of natural anti-COVID-19 compounds. Based on the gender difference in the severity
of the disease, such as a higher number of men hospitalized and in intense care units, variations in
sex hormones have been predicted to play a role in disease susceptibility. Cell surface receptors
(Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2; ACE2 and a connected transmembrane protease serine 2-
TMPSS2) are upregulated by androgens. Conversely, androgen antagonists have also been shown
to lower ACE2 levels, implying their usefulness in COVID-19 management.

Objective:
In this study, we performed computational and cell-based assays to investigate the anti-
COVID-19 potential of Withaferin-A and Caffeic acid phenethyl ester, natural compounds from
Withania somnifera and honeybee propolis, respectively

Methods:
Structure-based computational approach was adopted to predict binding stability, interactions,
and dynamics of the two test compounds to three target proteins (androgen receptor,
ACE2, and TMPRSS2). Further, in vitro, cell-based experimental approaches were used to investigate
the effect of compounds on target protein expression and SARS-CoV-2 replication.

Results:
Computation and experimental analyses revealed that (i) CAPE, but not Wi-A, can act as
androgen antagonist and hence inhibit the transcriptional activation function of androgen receptor,
(ii) while both Wi-A and CAPE could interact with ACE2 and TMPRSS2, Wi-A showed higher
binding affinity, and (iii) combination of Wi-A and CAPE (Wi-ACAPE) caused strong downregulation
of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 expression and inhibition of virus infection.

Conclusion:
Wi-A and CAPE possess multimodal anti-COVID-19 potential, and their combination
(Wi-ACAPE) is expected to provide better activity and hence warrant further attention in the
laboratory and clinic.
Use of magnesium in bareroot pine nurseries
Authors: South David B. 
Published: January 2024

Pines with visible magnesium (Mg) deficiencies (i.e. yellow tips on needles) occur in bareroot nurseries throughout the world. The occurrence of “yellow-tips” is rare when soil pH is above 6.5 but they have occurred on sands (pH < 6.0) with less than 25 μg g-1 Mg. If yellow-tips occur in the summer, the foliar content of yellow tips is usually less than 1,000 μg g-1 Mg. Some nurseries do not produce “yellow-tip” seedlings when irrigation water contains sufficient Mg. Factors favoring a deficiency include low soil pH, high calcium in irrigation water, frequent fertilization with nitrogen and potassium and applying too much gypsum. Although various Mg fertilizers are available, many nursery managers apply dolomite or potassium-magnesium sulfate before sowing seeds and a few also apply magnesium sulfate in July or August. Soil tests are used to determine when to fertilize before sowing and foliage tests determine when to apply Mg to green seedlings. Nursery managers who follow S.A. Wilde’s forest-based soil recommendations may apply magnesium sulfate to green seedlings even when seedbeds contain adequate levels of Mg. When deficiency is minor, chlorosis on needle tips usually disappears before the fall equinox and, when applied at this time, Mg fertilizers have little or no effect on height growth. This paper reviews some of the past and current uses of Mg in bareroot nurseries and highlights a need for additional research.
Use of calcium in bareroot pine nurseries
Authors: South David B. 
Published: January 2024

Bareroot nursery managers may apply dolomite, gypsum, or Ca-nitrate to increase Ca in nursery soils. Although a few managers follow S.A. Wilde’s recommendations and maintain soil at levels of 500 to 1,000 μg g-1 Ca, there is no need to keep Ca levels this high. In contrast, managers at sandy nurseries apply Ca when soil tests drop below 200 μg g-1 Ca. In fact, acceptable pine seedlings have been produced in irrigated soil with <100 μg g-1 available Ca. In plantations, asymptomatic wildlings grow when topsoil contains 17 μg g-1 Ca. In sandy soils, applying too much gypsum can result in a temporary Mg deficiency and too much lime will result in chlorotic needles. Managers apply Ca when foliar levels fall below a published “critical value.” The belief that the critical value for Ca varies by stock type is not valid. In fact, numerous “critical” values are invalid since they were not determined using growth response curves. Critical values determined for small seedlings using CaCl2 in sand are apparently not valid for use in bareroot nurseries. At bareroot nurseries, the soil extractable Ca level can decline during a year by 30 μg g-1 or more. Harvesting 1.7 million pine seedlings may remove 20 kg ha-1 of Ca but irrigation can replace this amount or more. When water contains 5 mg l-1 Ca, 600 mm of irrigation will add 30 kg ha-1 Ca. In some areas, 1,000 mm of rainfall will supply 7 kg ha-1 Ca. Even when a Mehlich 1 test shows no exchangeable Ca in the topsoil, pine needles on tall trees may exceed 2,000 μg g-1 Ca due to root growth in subsoil. There are few documented cases of deficient pine needles (<300 μg g-1 Ca) in irrigated nurseries in Australia, New Zealand, Scotland and in the Americas. Even when soil fumigation delays the inoculation of ectomycorrhiza, bareroot pines have adequate levels of Ca. Typically, foliage samples from pine nurseries contain at least 1,000 μg g-1 Ca. Samples from 9-month-old seedlings range from 300 to 11,000 μg g-1 Ca. Although the “critical value” for Pinus echinata foliage is not known, 1-0 seedlings with 300 μg g-1 Ca were not stunted and apparently grew well after ouplanting.
A Model of Forming a Dynamic Structure for Establishing the Source of Messages in the Receiver's Memory
Authors: Chesnokova А. A. 
Published: January 2024

The purpose of research is increasing the speed of procedures for determining the data source in the block coupling mode, due to the analysis of the dynamic list structure of messages formed in the receiver's memory as a result of intermediate calculations.Methods. The model of forming a dynamic list structure is based on the hardware implementation of the method of limiting the set of data blocks processed by the receiver. The data package includes a special service word, the contents of which are checked for falling into the range of values formed by the receiver when each data block is received. The described restriction reduces the number of typical comparison operations of service words performed when determining the source of messages, and also reduces the likelihood of errors in determining the data source.Results. Based on the model of the formation of a dynamic tree-like list structure, distributions of a priori probabilities of the number of nodes of a certain level are obtained in case of errors in determining the data source and without them. This allows us to obtain significant a posteriori error probabilities depending on the observed number of nodes of a certain level. The criteria for making a decision on the error of determining the source based on the calculation of the number of nodes before the complete completion of the formation of the tree structure and before the stage of its analysis are formulated. This reduces the computational complexity of the procedure for determining the data source in the block coupling mode and reduces the memory costs for storing intermediate results.Conclusion. In the course of the study, it was revealed that for sequences of messages with a length of more than 20, the detection of more than 8 extraneous branches of the dynamic list structure being formed allows us to state with a 90% probability that the procedure for determining the source ended in an error. The refusal to transmit subsequent sequence messages and to perform processing operations of the tree structure allows to increase the speed of the procedure for determining the source of messages and reduce its computational complexity.
Using Metaprogramming Tools of the Common Lisp Language for the Development of Emulator Systems
Authors: Chaplygin А. А. 
Published: January 2024

The purpose of research is to analyze and use metaprogramming in the Common Lisp language when designing and implementing emulators that simulate computer system hardware. The metaprogramming, the macro tools of the Common Lisp language and the use of macros for metaprogramming are considered.Methods. The Lisp language is characterized by its use of uniform S-expressions to represent data and programs. Thus, data can be part of a program and vice versa: a program can be data. Common Lisp macro tools allow you to directly modify the abstract syntax tree of a program, and thus it is possible to create new syntactic constructs to solve a given problem. When implementing emulator functions, macro tools of the Common Lisp language can be used to generate functions, where the common part of the functions is included in the macro, and the differences between the functions are specified in the parameters when calling the macros. Examples of this macros are: bit status register macros, generation of ariphmetic commands, comparation commands, memory commands. Using that you can significantly reduce the size of the program.Results. As a result of computer modeling, a simulator of the NES architecture (MOS 6502 processor) was developed and implemented in the conventional object-orientied C# programming language and in the Common Lisp metaprogramming language. As a result, the simulator written in a language with metaprogramming support turned out to be more than 2 times smaller than the simulator written in C#.Conclusion. The use of metaprogramming (using the example of creating emulators) can significantly reduce the size of a program, simplify and improve the program architecture, reduce the number of errors and improve the quality of programs. The use of domain specific languages lets reduce code size even more.
Method of Construction of a Fuzzy Cognitive Map of the Competitiveness of a Machine-Building Enterprise
Authors: Buinevich I. A. , Kriushina Y. A. , Khalin Y. A. , Katykhin A. I. , Kriushin Е. А. 
Published: January 2024

The purpose of research is to evaluate the factors influencing the competitiveness of machine-building enterprises and to develop a methodology for fuzzy cognitive mapping (FCM) to analyze these factors.Methods. Data analysis and modeling methods, including FCM, were used in this study to formalize the relationships between factors and their influence on the competitiveness of machine-building enterprises. Data related to factors affecting competitiveness, such as technological level, product quality, price level, innovation potential, and managerial experience, were analyzed.Results. The study resulted in the development of an FCM methodology to analyze the relationships between factors and their influence on the competitiveness of machine-building enterprises. The factors influencing competitiveness, including technological level, product quality, price level, innovation potential, and managerial experience, were evaluated. Key factors with the greatest impact on competitiveness were identified, and the degrees of influence of each factor on competitiveness were established using a scale to formalize the strength of influence.Conclusion. The results of the study demonstrate that the FCM method is an effective tool for analyzing the competitiveness of machine-building enterprises. It allows for uncertainty and vagueness in the input data and provides a better understanding of the relationships between conceptual variables. The developed FCM methodology can be used to make informed decisions to improve enterprise competitiveness. Overall, the study confirms the importance of analyzing factors influencing competitiveness and demonstrates that FCM can help to represent a complex system and its relationships in a more visual and understandable form. This can be useful for enterprise management in making informed decisions to improve company competitiveness and increase market share.