bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Results of a hydroxyapatite-coated (Furlong) total hip replacement
Authors: Shetty A. A. , Slack R. , Tindall A. , James K. D. , Rand C. 
Published: July 2005

We describe the survival of 134 consecutive JRI Furlong hydroxyapatite-coated uncemented total hip replacements. The mean follow-up was for 14.2 years (13 to 15). Patients were assessed clinically, using the Merle d’Aubigné and Postel score. Radiographs were evaluated using Gruen zones for the stem and DeLee and Charnley zones for the cup. Signs of subsidence, radiolucent lines, endosteal bone formation (spot welds) and pedestal formation were used to assess fixation and stability of the stem according to Engh’s criteria. Cup angle, migration and radiolucency were used to assess loosening of the cup. The criteria for failure were revision, or impending revision because of pain or loosening. Survival analysis was performed using a life table and the Kaplan-Meier curve. The mean total Merle d’Aubigné and Postel score was 7.4 pre-operatively and 15.9 at follow-up. During the study period 22 patients died and six were lost to follow-up. None of the cups was revised. One stem was revised for a periprosthetic fracture following a fall but none was revised for loosening, giving a 99% survival at 13 years. Our findings suggest that the long-term results of these hydroxyapatite-coated prostheses are more than satisfactory.
Correlation of the condition of the patellar articular cartilage and patellofemoral symptoms and function in osteoarthritic patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Han I. , Chang C. B. , Lee S. , Lee M. C. , Seong S. C. , Kim T. K. 
Published: July 2005

We sought to determine the degree of correlation between the condition of the patellar articular cartilage and patellofemoral symptoms and function in osteoarthritic patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty. The depth of the osteoarthritic lesion, as graded by the Outerbridge classification and its size and location were assessed to determine the condition of the patellar cartilage in 80 consecutive osteoarthritic knees undergoing total knee arthroplasty. The association between the condition of the cartilage and patellofemoral symptoms and function was investigated by correlation analysis. The depth and size of the lesion had a significant but weak correlation with anterior knee pain (r = −0.300 and −0.289; p = 0.007 and 0.009, respectively), whereas location had no significant association (p > 0.05). None had a significant association with patellofemoral functional parameters (chair-rising, stair-climbing, and quadriceps power) (p > 0.05). Our study indicates that patellofemoral symptoms and function are not completely determined by the condition of the cartilage. Caution should be taken when the symptoms and functional limitations are attributed to a lesion in the patellofemoral joint in making a decision regarding patellar resurfacing in total knee arthroplasty.
Impact of the Clinical Pharmacist on Readmission in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome
Authors: O'Del Kate M , Kucukarslan Suzan N 
Published: July 2005

BACKGROUND: Previous studies have reported a positive impact of pharmacists on care of patients with chronic illnesses. The impact of the clinical pharmacist on hospital readmission in patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS) has yet to be evaluated, as of this writing. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of the clinical pharmacist as a direct patient-care team member on cardiac-related readmission in patients admitted to the general cardiology unit with ACS. METHODS: A prospective, nonrandomized observational study compared patients who received standard practice care with patients admitted to a service with a clinical pharmacist to provide care at the bedside. Patients admitted to and discharged from the general cardiology unit for ACS were included. The primary endpoint of the study was cardiac-related readmission at 30 days following hospital discharge. Secondary endpoints included length of stay and medication utilization. Interventions provided by the clinical pharmacist in the study group were documented. RESULTS: Cardiac readmission at 30 days was similar between the groups (p = 0.59%). In the subset of patients with unstable angina, readmission in the study group was significantly lower than in the control group (1.3% vs 9.1%; p = 0.04%). Patients in both groups were similarly managed using drug therapy and invasive coronary interventions. The medical staff's rate of acceptance of recommendations provided by the pharmacist was 94.4%. The most common interventions were medication education and identification of indicated therapy. CONCLUSIONS: The addition of pharmacists did not decrease readmission in patients with ACS. The finding of significant reduction in readmission in the subset of patients with unstable angina should be considered “hypothesis generating” for future randomized studies to confirm the results.
Cystatin C expression is associated with granule cell dispersion in epilepsy
Authors: Pirttilä Terhi J. , Manninen Anni , Jutila Leena , Nissinen Jari , Kälviäinen Reetta , Vapalahti Matti , Immonen Arto , Paljärvi Leo , Karkola Kari , Alafuzoff Irina , Mervaala Esa , Pitkänen Asla 
Published: July 2005

AbstractHuman temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is associated with cellular alterations (eg, hilar cell death, neurogenesis, and granule cell dispersion) in the dentate gyrus but their underlying molecular mechanism are not known. We previously demonstrated increased expression of cystatin C, a protease inhibitor linked to both neurodegeneration and neurogenesis, during epileptogenesis in the rat hippocampus. Here, we investigated cystatin C expression in the dentate gyrus in chronic epilepsy and its association with neuronal loss and neurogenesis. In both rats with epilepsy and human patients with TLE, cystatin C expression was increased in glial cells in the molecular layer of the dentate gyrus, being most prominent in cases with granule cell dispersion. In patients with TLE, high cystatin C expression associated with greater numbers of polysialylated neural cell adhesion molecule–positive newborn cells in the molecular layer, although the overall number was decreased, indicating that the newborn cells migrate to abnormal locations in the epileptic dentate gyrus. These data thus demonstrate that cystatin C expression is altered during the chronic phase of epilepsy and suggest that cystatin C plays a role in network reorganization in the epileptic dentate gyrus, especially in granule cell dispersion and guidance of migrating newborn granule cells. Ann Neurol 2005;58:211–223
Complement inhibition abrogates nerve terminal injury in Miller Fisher syndrome
Authors: Halstead Susan K. , Humphreys Peter D. , Goodfellow John A. , Wagner Eric R. , Smith Richard A. G. , Willison Hugh J. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractA large body of clinical and experimental data indicate that complement activation is an important mechanism for neuronal and glial injury in Guillain–Barré syndromes. Inhibition of complement activation therefore might be expected to limit the progression of the disease. Using in vitro and in vivo models of the Guillain–Barré syndrome variant, Miller Fisher syndrome, we have shown previously that anti‐GQ1b ganglioside antibodies target the presynaptic motor nerve terminal axon and surrounding perisynaptic Schwann cells, thereby mediating destructive injury through deposition of membrane attack complex. Here, we have used this model to investigate the effects of a novel therapeutic inhibitor of complement activation, APT070 (Mirococept), both in vitro and in vivo. In these models, APT070 completely prevents membrane attack complex formation, and thereby has a major neuroprotective effect at the nerve terminal, as assessed by immunohistology of perisynaptic Schwann cell and axonal integrity. These data provide a rationale for considering clinical trials of APT070 in Guillain–Barré syndrome, its variant forms, and other complement dependent neuromuscular disorders. Ann Neurol 2005;58:203–210
Hydroxyurea enhances SMN2 gene expression in spinal muscular atrophy cells
Authors: Grzeschik Susanna M. , Ganta Madhuri , Prior Thomas W. , Heavlin William D. , Wang Ching H. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractSpinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a motor neuron disease caused by dysfunction of the survival motor neuron (SMN) gene. Human SMN gene is present in duplicated copies: SMN1 and SMN2. More than 95% of patients with SMA lack a functional SMN1 but retain at least one copy of SMN2. Unlike SMN1, SMN2 is primarily transcribed into truncated messenger RNA and produces low levels of SMN protein. We tested a therapeutic strategy by treating cultured lymphocytes from patients with SMA with hydroxyurea to modify SMN2 gene expression and to increase the production of SMN protein. Twenty lymphoblastoid cell lines (15 SMA and 5 control lines) were treated with hydroxyurea at 5 concentrations (0.5, 5, 50, 500, and 5,000μg/ml) and 3 time points (24, 48, and 72 hours). SMN2 gene copy numbers were determined using real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Hydroxyurea treatment resulted in a time‐related and dose‐dependent increase in the ratio of full‐length to truncated SMN messenger RNA. SMN protein levels and intranuclear gems also were significantly increased in these hydroxyurea‐treated cells. The SMN2 gene copy number correlated inversely with the SMA phenotypic severity. This study provides the first evidence for a therapeutic indication of hydroxyurea in SMA. Ann Neurol 2005;58:194–202
Protection with estradiol in developmental models of apoptotic neurodegeneration
Authors: Asimiadou Stiliani , Bittigau Petra , Felderhoff‐Mueser Ursula , Manthey Daniela , Sifringer Marco , Pesditschek Stefanie , Dzietko Mark , Kaindl Angela M. , Pytel Maria , Studniarczyk Dorota , Mozrzymas Jerzy W. , Ikonomidou Chrysanthy 
Published: July 2005

AbstractMedical measures that bear no known danger for the adult brain may trigger active neuronal death in the developing brain. Pharmacological blockade of N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate or activation of GABAA receptors, blockade of voltage‐dependent sodium channels, and oxygen induce widespread apoptotic neurodegeneration during the period of rapid brain growth in rodents. Because such measures are often necessary in critically ill infants and toddlers, search for adjunctive neuroprotective strategies is warranted. We report that 17β‐estradiol ameliorates neurotoxicity of drugs that block N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptors, activate GABAA receptors, or block voltage‐gated sodium channels and reduces neurotoxicity of oxygen in the infant rat brain. This neuroprotective effect is reversed by tamoxifen and cannot be reproduced by 17α‐estradiol. 17β‐Estradiol did not affect GABAA or N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate currents in hippocampal neuronal cultures, indicating that direct modulation of neurotransmitter receptor/channel properties by this compound cannot explain neuroprotective effect. 17β‐Estradiol did, however, increase levels of phosphorylated extracellular signal‐regulated kinase 1/2 and AKT, suggesting that activation of these prosurvival proteins may represent one mechanism for its neuroprotective action. 17β‐Estradiol and related compounds may be neuroprotective agents suitable for use in critically ill infants and toddlers. Its supplementation may particularly help to improve neurocognitive outcome in preterm infants who are prematurely deprived of maternal estrogen. Ann Neurol 2005;58:266–276
Positron emission tomography after fetal transplantation in Huntington's disease
Authors: Furtado Sarah , Sossi Vesna , Hauser Roberta A. , Samii Ali , Schulzer Michael , Murphy Colleen B. , Freeman Thomas B. , Stoessl A. Jon 
Published: July 2005

AbstractH untington's disease (HD) is a progressive disorder with no known cure. We report two‐year postoperative positron emission tomography (PET) data from 7 HD patients who underwent intrastriatal fetal transplantation. Patients showed widespread reductions in glucose uptake with no significant change over 2 years. Dopamine receptor binding was significantly reduced in HD striatum. D1 binding did not change significantly following transplantation, but there was a significant loss of D2 binding. These findings may reflect loss of graft viability and/or disease progression. There was no significant relationship between changes in PET and clinical function. In summary, there was no benefit from transplantation. Ann Neurol 2005;58:331–337
Preparation, characterization, and composites from low formaldehyde emission urea–formaldehyde–casein copolymer
Authors: Raval D. K. , Narola B. N. , Patel A. J. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractA modified urea–formaldehyde resin was synthesized by the condensation of urea and formaldehyde in the presence of varying proportions of casein up to 25% (w/w) of urea under alkaline conditions. All the prepared resins were characterized by free‐formaldehyde content, viscosity measurements, and number‐average molecular weight determination by vapor pressure osmometry and IR spectroscopy. Their curing kinetics were studied isothermally and by differential scanning calorimetry on dynamic runs. The resin samples were cured isothermally at 60, 80, and 100°C using ammonium chloride and hydroxylamine hydrochloride as curing agents. The isothermal curing study was also performed with hexamine at 120°C. Cured resins were characterized by IR and thermogravimetric analysis. The resin samples were employed for the fabrication of glass fiber and jute fiber reinforced composites by maintaining 2 : 3 and 3 : 2 proportions of resin/reinforcement, respectively. The prepared composites were tested for their mechanical properties and resistance toward various chemicals. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 98: 531–537, 2005
Effect of guar‐gum treatment on mechanical properties of vinylester resin matrix composites reinforced with jute yarns
Authors: Ray Dipa , Rana A. K. , Bose N. R. , Sengupta S. P. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractThe focus of this work was to use an inexpensive and easily available water‐soluble natural resin like guar gum as a surface treating agent for jute yarns and to study their effect on the mechanical properties of the treated jute yarn reinforced vinylester resin matrix composites. Jute yarns were treated with 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3% guar gum solution at room temperature for 30 min. The composites were fabricated with the untreated and treated yarns and the vinylester resin having 36 wt % fiber loading. Maximum improvement was observed in the 0.2% guar‐gum treated, jute yarn reinforced composites. The flexural modulus and flexural strength improved by 23.85 and 7.7%, respectively, for the 0.2% treated composites. The fracture behavior of the composites differed considerably, depending on the concentration of guar gum that was used. The experimental results gave a positive indication that simple ecofriendly chemicals like guar gum can be used effectively as surface treating agents of jute yarns for enhancement of the mechanical properties of the jute composites and can be a success from the technocommercial point of view. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 98: 557–563, 2005
Adsorption of metal cations by water‐soluble N‐alkylated disaccharide chitosan derivatives
Authors: Yang Tsui‐Chu , Li Chin‐Fung , Chou Shin‐Shou , Chou Cheng‐Chun 
Published: July 2005

AbstractIn the present study, the metal‐adsorption ability of various water‐soluble chitosan derivatives prepared by N‐alkylation of chitosan with maltose, cellobiose, or lactose and with various degrees of substitution (DS) was first determined and compared with the native chitosan. The effects of the pH and reaction time on the metal‐adsorption ability and the selective metal adsorption of the disaccharide chitosan derivatives with a DS of 30–40% were further examined. Results revealed that the metal‐adsorption ability of chitosan was enhanced after N‐alkylation with the disaccharides tested and with certain DS values. All the N‐alkylated disaccharide derivatives and the native chitosan exhibited the highest adsorption for Pb2+ and the lowest adsorption ability for Mg2+ among all the metal ions that were tested. The DS with disaccharide affects the metal‐adsorption ability of the tested chitosan derivatives. In general, the adsorption ability of these chitosan derivatives for Cu2+, Pb2+, Fe2+, and Mg2+ decreased whereas the adsorption ability for Ca2+, Ni2+, Zn2+, and Cd2+ increased upon increasing the DS. Further study with disaccharide chitosan derivatives with 30–40% DS also revealed that the adsorption of Zn2+ and Pb2+ by these chitosan derivatives was a fairly rapid process. The Zn2+ and Pb2+ adsorption ability of these derivatives generally increased as the pH increased. These disaccharide chitosan derivatives also displayed the best selective adsorption for Pb2+ in mixed solutions with Zn2+, Ni2+, and Cd2+. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 98: 564–570, 2005
Dielectric spectroscopy and relaxation phenomena of moistened and dry polysaccharides
Authors: Shinouda H. G. , Moteleb M. M. Abdel 
Published: July 2005

AbstractThe effect of hydration on the dielectric constant

and loss factor tan δ of viscose hydrocellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, and dextran was studied in a wide range of temperatures and frequencies. The results obtained reveal that (1) whereas hydration shows little effect on the variation with temperature of both
and tan δ of hydrocellulose, the presence of adsorbed water significantly modifies the dielectric behavior of the other two samples; (2) only one relaxation denoted as γ‐process is observed in the case of hydrocellulose sample irrespective of its moisture content; (3) two absorption peaks are recorded with moistened hydroxypropyl cellulose and dextran specimens, one below room temperature denoted as β‐process and a dispersion loss at high temperature; and (4) after drying of these samples, the dispersion loss peak disappears, the β‐peak diminishes, and the γ‐peak, which is hidden behind the sizable β‐peak, is observed and that, although with increasing frequency, the former peak disappears, the intensity of the latter one increases. The analysis of these results in view of the chemical and the fine structure of the test samples as well as the calculated activation energy indicates that the γ‐ and β‐relaxations recorded are of different natures. The satisfactory interpretation given clarifies to a great extent the contradictions reported in the literature concerning the relaxation phenomena in polysaccharides. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 98: 571–582, 2005
Water‐soluble conductive blends of polyaniline and poly(vinyl alcohol) synthesized by two emulsion pathways
Authors: Swapna Palle , Subrahmanya Rao S. , Sathyanarayana D. N. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractWater‐soluble, electrically conductive polyaniline (PANI)–poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) blends of different compositions (10, 30, 50, and 70 w/w) were synthesized by emulsion and inverted emulsion methods with ammonium persulfate and benzoyl peroxide as the oxidants, respectively, with PANI protonated with sulfosalicylic acid. The absorption, Fourier transform infrared, Fourier transform Raman, NMR, and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopic studies suggested chemical interaction between PANI and PVA. The morphology of the blends depended on the method of synthesis as observed from scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and particle size measurements. The blends showed relatively improved mechanical strengths but had lower degradation temperatures than the PANI salt and displayed conductivities as high as 10−2 to 10−1 S/cm. The blends synthesized by the inverse emulsion method had smaller particle sizes, higher crystallinities, and better mechanical properties. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 98: 583–590, 2005
Effect of fatty acids on the strain‐induced crystallization of natural rubber detected by tear energy measurements
Authors: Kawazura Tetsuji , Kawahara Seiichi , Isono Yoshinobu 
Published: July 2005

AbstractThe strain‐induced crystallization of natural rubber (NR) was investigated by the measurement of the tear energy of a crosslinked blend consisting of NR and noncrystalline styrene–butadiene rubber (SBR). When NR was dispersed into the SBR matrix, the tear energy of SBR increased at various temperatures and tear rates. After the application of the principle of time–temperature superposition to the tear energy according to the Williams–Landel–Ferry equation, two distinct curves were found for the NR/SBR blend with respect to the reduced tear rate, despite the fact that the tear energy of SBR or the SBR/SBR blend gave its own single composite curve. When the fatty acid in the NR/SBR blend was removed by acetone extraction, the tear energy of the blend drew a single composite curve. The conversion of the two curves into the single composite curve for the NR/SBR blend suggested that the tear energy depended on the strain‐induced crystallization of NR dispersed in the SBR matrix, which was suppressed by the removal of the fatty acid. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 98: 613–619, 2005
Effect of the structure on the morphology and spherulitic growth kinetics of polyolefin in‐reactor alloys
Authors: Xu Jun‐Ting , Fu Zhi‐Sheng , Wang Xian‐Ping , Geng Jun‐Sheng , Fan Zhi‐Qiang 
Published: July 2005

AbstractFour polyolefin in‐reactor alloys with different compositions and structures were prepared by sequential polymerization. All the alloys were fractionated into five fractions: a random copolymer of ethylene and propylene (25°C fraction), an ethylene–propylene segmented copolymer (90°C fraction), an ethylene homopolymer (110°C fraction), an ethylene–propylene block copolymer (120°C fraction), and a propylene homopolymer plus a minor ethylene homopolymer of high molecular weight (>120°C fraction). The effect of the structure on the morphology and spherulitic growth kinetics of the polypropylene (PP) component in the alloys was investigated. The polyolefin alloys containing a suitable block copolymer fraction and a larger amount of PP had a more homogeneous morphology, and the crystalline particles were smaller. Quenching the polyolefin alloys led to smaller crystallites and a more homogeneous morphology as well. Isothermal crystallization was carried out above the melting temperature of polyethylene, and the growth of PP spherulites was monitored with polarized optical microscopy with a hot stage. The alloys with higher propylene contents exhibited a faster spherulitic growth rate. The fold surface free energy was derived, and it was found that a large amount of block copolymer fractions and random copolymer fractions could reduce the fold surface free energy. The structure of the alloys also affected the crystallization regime of PP. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 98: 632–638, 2005