bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gender Determines Long-Lasting Effects on Adult Offspring Heart after Early-Life Malnourishment
Authors: Sanchez Moura Anibal , Gomes Pereira Flavia , Mandarim-de-Lacerda Carlos Alberto 
Published: January 2004

This study evaluates the effect of insulin in the association between nutrition and gender during lactation on inducing changes in heart morphology of pups when adults. Two groups of lactating rat dams were fed a normal diet containing 22% protein or 0% protein during the first 10 days of lactation. Eight-day-old rats from the female control group (FC) displayed a heart weight/body weight (H/B) ratio 100% greater when compared with the male control group (MC). An increased H/B ratio (65%) was found in the MC group when compared with the male malnourished group (MM). An effect on the development was present in the FC group in which, at 8 days, the H/B ratio was 70% greater than in this group at 60 days of age. A similar effect was observed in the female malnourished group (FM), where the H/B ratio was 100% greater. The effect on the development, at 8 days, in the FC group, when compared with the females at 60 days, displayed a larger cardiomyocyte volume [Q<sub>A</sub>(c)] and a higher cardiomyocyte density [Vv(c)]: Q<sub>A</sub>[c] 220% greater (p < 0.05) and Vv[c] 530% greater (p < 0.01). The FM group, at 8 days of age, had the Q<sub>A</sub>[c] and Vv[c] greater than at the age of 60 days: Q<sub>A</sub>[c] 100% greater (p < 0.05) and Vv[c] 290% greater (p < 0.05). The insulin/glucose ratio reflected the variable gender associated with the malnourishment in the male animals at 8 days of age. In these animals the insulin/glucose ratio of the malnourished animals was found to be reduced by 42% when compared with the control groups. At 60 days of age, a difference in the insulin/glucose ratio was present between FC and FM groups (33% greater in the FC group, p < 0.05). Gender was associated with a high insulin/glucose ratio in MC and MM groups when compared with the FC and FM groups. Also this association was observed in the animals at 60 days of age when the insulin/glucose ratio of the MM animals was 45% greater than that observed in the FM group.
Ciprofloxacin Treatment in Newborns with Multi-Drug-Resistant Nosocomial Pseudomonas<i></i>Infections
Authors: Belet Nurşen , Haciömeroğlu Pelin , Küçüködük Şükrü 
Published: January 2004

<i>Objectives:</i> To evaluate the efficacy and acute side effects of ciprofloxacin treatment in newborns who developed nosocomial <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> infection. <i>Methods:</i> Intravenous ciprofloxacin treatment was given to 30 newborns who developed nosocomial <i>P. aeruginosa</i> infection as proven by culture antibiogram results. Initial doses of 10 mg/kg/day were given and increased up to 40 mg/kg/day according to clinical response, laboratory and culture results. During therapy, complete white blood cell counts, urinalysis, liver and renal function tests were performed weekly. All patients were examined daily during treatment for possible symptoms of joint toxicity such as erythema and swelling. The patients were evaluated by general physical examination, with special attention to joints, 1 week after discharge. <i>Results:</i> Two of the patients (6.6%) died due to pseudomonas infection, but the bacteria were successfully eradicated in 28 patients (93.4%). Four patients died from other causes. No laboratory abnormality related to ciprofloxacin was observed during treatment. Swelling and hyperemia of the joints were not encountered during treatment and the 1-week period after discharge. Ciprofloxacin-resistant <i>P. aeruginosa</i> isolates were not grown during the study. <i>Conclusion:</i> Ciprofloxacin treatment is effective in life-threatening multi-drug-resistant <i>P. aeruginosa</i> infections.
Verapamil Increases the Apolipoprotein-Mediated Release of Cellular Cholesterol by Induction of ABCA1 Expression Via Liver X Receptor-Independent Mechanism
Authors: Suzuki Shogo , Nishimaki-Mogami Tomoko , Tamehiro Norimasa , Inoue Kazuhide , Arakawa Reijiro , Abe-Dohmae Sumiko , Tanaka Arowu R. , Ueda Kazumitsu , Yokoyama Shinji 
Published: January 2004

Objective—Release of cellular cholesterol and phospholipid mediated by helical apolipoprotein and ATP-binding cassette transporter (ABC) A1 is a major source of plasma HDL. We investigated the effect of calcium channel blockers on this reaction.Methods and Results—Expression of ABCA1, apoA-I–mediated cellular lipid release, and HDL production were enhanced in cAMP analogue-treated RAW264 cells by verapamil, and similar effects were also observed with other calcium channel blockers. The verapamil treatment resulted in rapid increase in ABCA1 protein and its mRNA, but not the ABCG1 mRNA, another target gene product of the nuclear receptor liver X receptor (LXR). By using the cells transfected with a mouse ABCA1 promoter–luciferase construct (−1238 to +57bp), verapamil was shown to enhance the transcriptional activity. However, it did not increase transcription of LXR response element-driven luciferase vector.Conclusions—The data demonstrated that verapamil increases ABCA1 expression through LXR-independent mechanism and thereby increases apoA-I–mediated cellular lipid release and production of HDL.
Origin and distribution of clay minerals in calcareous arid and semi-arid soils of Fars Province, southern Iran
Authors: Khormali F. , Abtahi A. 
Published: January 2004

AbstractThe clay mineralogy of soils and of the main calcareous sedimentary parent rocks of southern Iran were investigated to determine their origin and factors controlling their distribution pattern in soils. The results revealed that the soil-available moisture plays the major role in the distribution pattern of palygorskite and smectite clay minerals in the arid and semi-arid areas studied. There is an inverse correlation between palygorskite and smectite with regard to the soil-available moisture as expressed by P/ETº (ratio of mean annual precipitation to mean annual reference crop evapotranspiration). At P/ETº values >0.4 palygorskite transforms to smectite. Smectite is thought to be mainly of ‘transformed’ origin. It is detected in trace amounts in soils of more arid areas and increases in soils having greater available moisture. The general decrease in illite content with depth is related mainly to its transformation to smectite under favourable moisture conditions of the deeper horizons. Palygorskite is considered to be inherited in plateau soils of the arid regions whereas in saline and alkaline soils and soils with high gypsum, it is mainly of authigenic origin. The P/ETº and gypsum content show a significant correlation with the palygorskite content. The occurrence of kaolinite in some soils is due to its inheritance from the surrounding kaolinite-bearing Cretaceous rocks. Illite and chlorite abundance in soils is also largely related to their presence in parent rocks. The rare occurrence of vermiculite in the studied calcareous soils is mainly related to its lower stability under high pH, low Al activity and the presence of large amounts of Si and Mg in soils.
Structural and chemical heterogeneity of layer silicates and clay minerals
Authors: Drits V. A. 
Published: January 2004

AbstractDifferent forms of structural and chemical heterogeneity are considered including mixed-layer minerals, disordered layer structures containing rotational and translational stacking faults, interstratification oftrans-vacant (tv) andcis-vacant (cv) layers in true micas, illites and illitesmectite (I-S), short-range order in isomorphous cation distribution etc.Because determination of various structural and chemical imperfections requires elaboration of new diffraction and spectroscopic methodologies, special attention is paid to recent achievements in the development of new methodological approaches such as a multispecimen simulation of experimental X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns from mixed-layer minerals, with account taken of layer-thickness fluctuations of the second type and possible difference between structures of outer and core layers; experimental determination of thickness distribution of illite crystals by HRTEMand the modified Bertaut-Warren-Averbach technique; XRD and thermal methods for determination ofcvandtvlayers in true micas, illites and I-S; generalization of Méring's rules to account for the behaviour of non-basal reflections for any defective structure in which two translations are irregularly interstratified; variousab initiocalculations devoted to modelling infrared OH vibrations, octahedral cation distribution in dioctahedral 2:1 layer silicates, etc. It is shown that these recentlydeveloped methodologies have revealed new diversity in the structural and chemical heterogeneity of phyllosilicates and clay minerals, provided new insight into the structural mechanisms of their transformation in different geological environments, and discovered new natural processes.
Transmission electron microscopy study of very low-grade metamorphic evolution in Neoproterozoic pelites of the Puncoviscana formation (Cordillera Oriental, NW Argentina)
Authors: Do Campo M. , Nieto F. 
Published: January 2004

AbstractThe Puncoviscana Formation, largely cropping out in NW Argentina, is mainly composed of a pelite-greywacke turbidite sequence affected by incipient regional metamorphism and polyphase deformation. Metapelites, composed mainly of quartz, albite, dioctahedral mica and chlorite, were sampled in the Lules-Puncoviscana and Choromoro belts. Lattice-fringe images, selected area electron diffraction and analytical electron microscopy analyses, coupled with previous data from white mica crystallinity index, indicate a state of reaction progress for Puncoviscana slates consistent with medium anchizone- to epizone-grade metamorphism. The 2Mpolytype prevails in dioctahedral micas, coexisting in a few cases with the 1Mdpolytype as a consequence of lack of equilibrium. The 2Mpolytype coexists with 3Tin two slates and long-range four-layer and ten-layer stacking sequences were identified in another sample. Samples with 3Tand long-range stacking sequences presentbvalues characteristic of intermediate–high pressure metamorphism and ordered chlorites (1L, 2L, 3Land 7L) prevail.Based on the Si contents of dioctahedral micas and considering peak temperatures of ∼350 –400ºC, pressures from 5 kbar and 5 –7 kbar were derived for metapelites from the Lules- Puncoviscana and Choromoro belts, respectively. These values agree with facies series derived from thebvalues. Micas with a wide range of phengitic substitution, as evidenced by Fe + Mg and Si contents, coexist. These variations could not arise from the disturbing effect of detrital white K-mica because TEM evidence indicates that they are absent or represent <10% of the mica population. Thus, compositional variations suggest that dioctahedral micas of individual slates crystallized at different pressure conditions in response to theP-Tpath of the metamorphism. Moreover, in several biotite-free slates the illite crystallinity (IC) values lead to an underestimation of the metamorphic grade attained in these rocks.The coexistence of IC corresponding to anchizone and the occurrence of biotite in some slates and felsic metavolcanic rocks intercalated in the Puncoviscana metasediments are interpreted to be the result of a metamorphic path including a relatively high-pressure/ low-temperature (HP/LT) event, followed by a lower-pressure overprint possibly at higher temperatures than the HP/LTevent. Small micas formed during the high-pressure stage would prevail in the <2 mm fraction, producing anchizone IC.
Visible absorption spectroscopy study of the adsorption of Congo Red by montmorillonite
Authors: Yermiyahu Z. , Lapides I . , Yariv S. 
Published: January 2004

AbstractThe adsorption of the anionic dye Congo Red (CR) by Na-, Cs-, Mg-, Cu-, Al- and Fe-montmorillonite was investigated by electronic spectroscopy. Spectra of the aqueous suspensions of different clay concentrations and different loadings were recorded. The spectra were curve fitted and were compared to spectra of aqueous solutions of CR at different pH values. Four bands representing anionic varieties and two representing protonated varieties of CR were identified in spectra of CR-treated Na-, Cs-, Mg-, Cu- and Al-montmorillonite. Spectra of CR-treated Femontmorillonite were slightly different, showing three bands representing anionic varieties and four representing protonated CR. The ratio between areas of bands, which represent the protonated varieties, and those representing the anionic varieties were determined showing correlation with the acidity of the metallic cation. The clay in the aqueous suspensions became coloured after the adsorption of CR. The following stainings were obtained, Na- and Mg-clay, red, Cs-clay, violet-red, Cu-clay, reddish-violet, Al-clay, dark violet and Fe-clay, dark blue. It appears that CR can serve as an indicator of the surface acidity of montmorillonite. The effects of aging on the sorption of the dye and on the surface-acidity of the CR-clay complex were investigated.
Alteration of volcanic rocks and genesis of kaolin deposits in the Şile Region, northern İstanbul, Turkey. Part II: differential mobility of elements
Authors: Ece O. I. , Nakagawa Z.-E 
Published: January 2004

AbstractIn the area of S° ile, NW Turkey, Upper Cretaceous calc-alkaline volcanic rocks with compositions ranging from andesite to rhyolite have been recognized. The most widespread rocks of the suite are andesites, which can be grouped into altered and fresh. The oldest altered andesites are the parent rocks for the kaolin deposits of the study area. The Upper Cretaceous volcanic suite consists of spilite, basalt, andesite, trachyandesite, trachyandesitic and hyaloandesitic dacite, rhyolite lavas, tuffs and agglomerates. The highly altered andesites are composed of plagioclase, pyroxene, hornblende, biotite, augite and very fine opaque minerals. During the Turonian, an E –W trending extensional magmatic arc was developed in the Istanbul Tectonic Zone of the oceanic Western Black Sea basin and intermediate volcanic rocks were emplaced, mostly calc-alkaline andesites, suggesting multi-stage magmatism. The significant features of the andesites are: (1) enrichment of LILE (Rb, Ba, K) over HFSE (Zr, Nb, Hf, Ti, Th, U, Y) and LREE (La –Sm), resulting in high Ba/Nb, Th/Nb, Ba/La, K/Ti and Th/La ratios; (2) depletion of LREE over HFSE, MREE and HREE, generating high La/Nb, Ce/Ti, La/Sm and La/Y values; and (3) depletion of Nb, Sr and Ti; all of which are typical of island arc magmatism, with possible back arc signature. The Th-Hf-Ta diagram for tectonomagmatic classification shows that the S° ile calc-alkaline rocks are similar to volcanic rocks from the Mariana Arc, the Aeolian Arc of Salina, Italy, the Skaros island in the Aegean Sea and Sardinia's ignimbrites. Moreover, relatively low La/Th and Ce/Pb ratios suggest that the source region of volcanism was enriched in LILE with respect to REE, indicating crustal contamination during melting.Highly weathered andesitic rocks, rich in smectite, were transported gradually and deposited in a lacustrine basin, a coal-forming dysaerobic environment, in which they were subject to post-depositional alteration, or in situkaolinization, to form a kaolin deposit in the presence of humic and fulvic acids. The mobility of major and trace elements and REEs during the progressive kaolinization of andesitic materials has been investigated to reveal the geochemical characteristics of Upper Cretaceous volcanic parent rocks and to explain mineralogical processes in a kaolin deposit as a daughter rock ‘end-product’ . Alteration is characterized by the loss of Si, Fe, Ca, Na and K, and by the gain of Al, Ti, Zr and LOI. Moreover, Ho, Er and Yb are immobile, and Hf, Zr and Nb are mobile. Th and U are slightly enriched in clay horizons with respect to the andesitic rocks. In addition, Cr, Ga, Nb and Ta enrichments indicate variable sources of terrigenous sediments and differential mobilities of elements in lake waters rich in organic acids. The anatase concentration increases in the <2 mm size fractions as subspherical particles and these precipitate at acidic conditions (pH ≈ 5) during early diagenesis.
29Si and27Al MAS NMR study of the thermal transformations of kaolinite from North China
Authors: He H. P. , Guo J . G. , Zhu J . X. , Hu C. 
Published: January 2004

AbstractThe thermal transformations of kaolinite have been studied using27Al and29Si magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (MAS NMR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential thermal analysis (DTA) and thermogravimetric analysis (TG). The experimental results show that this sample is a pure kaolinite which contains ∼3% carbonaceous material as impurity.27Al and29Si MAS NMR spectra show that the microstructural evolution of the thermal transformation of kaolinite at 450 –1050ºC is similar to that of the kaolinite– mullite reaction series previously published by many authors.29Si MAS NMR spectra of mullite at 1190 and 1250ºC display two resonances at ∼ – 87 and –92 ppm, corresponding to sillimanite-type geometry around Si and the typical Si environment of mullite, respectively. At 1350ºC, the splitting of (hk0) and (kh0) of mullite occurs, indicating that the primary mullite transforms into orthorhombic mullite. Simultaneously, the resonance at ∼ – 92 ppm splits into two signals at ∼ –90 and –94 ppm.27Al MAS NMR spectra of the mullite consist of three signals centred at ∼ –4, 45 and 60 ppm, corresponding to octahedral, distorted tetrahedral and tetrahedral Al sites, respectively.
Cytosolic phospholipase A2 type IVA is present in human red cells
Authors: Macdonald Donald J. , Boyle Rose M. , Glen Alastair C. A. , Horrobin David F. 
Published: January 2004

AbstractPhospholipase A2 type IVA (IVAPLA2) is a cytosolic enzyme that on activation selectively releases arachidonic acid (AA) from cell membrane phospholipids. Both AA and lysophospholipid, products of the enzymic reaction, can function as signal transducers in cellular interactions. The enzyme is present in most cells, including polymorphs, eosinophils, and platelets. This study used affinity purification to extract IVAPLA2 from red cell lysate prepared from leukocyte- and platelet-depleted human blood to overcome the masking effect of hemoglobin on Western blot detection. We show that IVAPLA2 is present in red cells as a 90-kDa protein. (Blood. 2004;103:3562-3564)
WASp deficiency in mice results in failure to form osteoclast sealing zones and defects in bone resorption
Authors: Calle Yolanda , Jones Gareth E. , Jagger Chris , Fuller Karen , Blundell Mike P. , Chow Jade , Chambers Tim , Thrasher Adrian J. 
Published: January 2004

AbstractNo defects related to deficiency of the Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome protein (WASp) have been described in osteoclasts. Here we show that there are significant morphologic and functional abnormalities. WASp-null cells spread over a much larger surface area and are highly polykaryotic. In their migratory phase, normal cells assemble clusters of podosomes behind their leading edges, whereas during the bone resorptive phase multiple podosomes are densely aggregated in well-defined actin rings forming the sealing zone. In comparison, WASp-null osteoclasts in either phase are markedly depleted of podosomes. On bone surfaces, this results in a failure to form actin rings at sealing zones. Complementation of WASp-null osteoclasts with an enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP)-WASp fusion protein restores normal cytoarchitecture. These structural disturbances translate into abnormal patterns of bone resorption both in vitro on bone slices and in vivo. Although physiologic steady-state levels of bone resorption are maintained, a major impairment is observed when WASp-null animals are exposed to a resorptive challenge. Our results provide clear evidence that WASp is a critical component of podosomes in osteoclasts and indicate a nonredundant role for WASp in the dynamic organization of these actin structures during bone resorption. (Blood. 2004;103:3552-3561)
Stem cell leukemia protein directs hematopoietic stem cell fate
Authors: Kunisato Atsushi , Chiba Shigeru , Saito Toshiki , Kumano Keiki , Nakagami-Yamaguchi Etsuko , Yamaguchi Tomoyuki , Hirai Hisamaru 
Published: January 2004

AbstractStem cell leukemia (SCL) protein has been shown to be an essential transcription factor during hematopoietic development in the embryo. In adult hematopoiesis, however, the role for SCL has remained largely unknown, whereas it is expressed in bone marrow hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). In this study, we performed HSC transplantation and an in vitro HSC differentiation assay using retrovirally transduced HSCs with wild-type (WT) and dominant-negative (DN) SCL. The transplantation experiments showed that SCL does not affect the long-term repopulating capacity of HSCs but that WT SCL and DN SCL increase the short-term contribution of the transduced HSCs in myeloid and lymphoid lineages, respectively. An in vitro single-cell assay using a fetal thymus organ culture system further demonstrated that WT SCL facilitates HSCs to differentiate into the myeloid lineage but that DN SCL facilitates HSCs to differentiate into the lymphoid lineage. We conclude that the up-regulation or down-regulation of SCL directs HSCs toward myeloid or lymphoid lineage, respectively, although SCL does not affect their long-term repopulating capacity. (Blood. 2004;103: 3336-3341)
Jagged1-induced Notch signaling drives proliferation of multiple myeloma cells
Authors: Jundt Franziska , Pröbsting Kristina Schulze , Anagnostopoulos Ioannis , Muehlinghaus Gwendolin , Chatterjee Manik , Mathas Stephan , Bargou Ralf C. , Manz Rudolf , Stein Harald , Dörken Bernd 
Published: January 2004

Abstract
Notch receptors expressed on hematopoietic stem cells interact with their ligands on bone marrow stromal cells and thereby control cell fate decisions and survival. We recently demonstrated that Notch signaling is involved in proliferation and survival of B cell-derived tumor cells of classic Hodgkin disease and described a novel mechanism for the oncogenic capacity of Notch. In this study we investigated whether Notch signaling is involved in the tight interactions between neoplastic plasma cells and their bone marrow microenvironment, which are essential for tumor cell growth in multiple myeloma (MM). Here we demonstrate that Notch receptors and their ligand Jagged1 are highly expressed in cultured and primary MM cells, whereas nonneoplastic counterparts show low to undetectable levels of Notch. Functional data indicate that ligand-induced Notch signaling is a growth factor for MM cells and suggest that these interactions contribute to myelomagenesis in vivo. (Blood. 2004;103:3511-3515)