bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of the soil moisture balance in the unsaturated zone on movement and stability of the Beline landslide, France
Authors: Bogaard T. A. , van Asch T. W. J. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to analyse the role of the unsaturated zone in groundwater recharge in a landslide and the effect of land use change on its stability. This is studied on the basis of the Beline landslide situated near Salins‐les‐Bains (Jura, France). The unsaturated zone was modelled using the Hydrus‐1D model. Model calibration was based on soil moisture time series using an inverse modelling approach. The unsaturated zone model accurately modelled the soil moisture content time series in 1996 and 1997.The groundwater model was capable of modelling both the average groundwater level and the amplitude of the groundwater level fluctuation, but failed to model the dynamics and the precise timing of the fluctuations.The influence of changes in potential evapotranspiration was studied by changing this input parameter by 10 to 20 per cent as both an increase and decrease. The effects of these changes were quite large. Since the hydrological model chain was able to predict peak groundwater levels quite well, these peak levels were used to calculate maximum moving velocities of the landslide for different evapotranspiration scenarios. The simulations show that a decrease in evapotranspiration up to 20 per cent results in a 20‐fold increase in maximum velocity. An increase in evapotranspiration (10 to 20 per cent) will probably stabilize the landslide for most of the time. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Estimation and testing of ARFIMA models in the real exchange rate
Authors: Gil‐Alana L.A. , Toro J. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) hypothesis is one of the most important theoretical relationships in international economics. However, its empirical support remains controversial. We propose an alternative way of modelling the real exchange rate in five industrialized countries in relation to the US dollar, by means of fractionally integrated ARIMA models (i.e. ARFIMA). This approach allows us to capture the low‐frequency dynamics relevant for examination of the long‐run parity. A crucial fact when estimating with parametric approaches is that the model must be correctly specified, otherwise the estimates are likely to be inconsistent. In fact, misspecification of the short‐run components of the series can invalidate the estimation of its long‐run behaviour. We propose a model selection criterion based on LR tests on nested parametric hypotheses along with other several likelihood‐based criteria. As a validation method of the specified model, we suggest the use of Robinson's (1994) tests. Our empirical results indicate that the PPP might hold as a long‐run proposition. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fragile graphs with small independent cuts
Authors: Chen Guantao , Faudree Ralph J. , Jacobson Michael S. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractA graph is called fragile if it has a vertex cut which is also an independent set. Chen and Yu proved that every graph with n vertices and at most 2n−4 edges is fragile, which was conjectured to be true by Caro. However, their proof does not give any information on the number of vertices in the independent cuts. The purpose of this paper is to investigate when a graph has a small independent cut. We show that if G is a graph on n vertices and at most (12n/7)−3 edges, then G contains an independent cut S with ∣S∣≤3. Upper bounds on the number of edges of a graph having an independent cut of size 1 or 2 are also obtained. We also show that for any positive integer k, there is a positive number ε such that there are infinitely many graphs G with n vertices and at most (2−ε)n edges, but G has no independent cut with less than k vertices. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 41: 327–341, 2002
On evaluation of product dropping damage
Authors: Wang Zhi‐Wei 
Published: October 2002

AbstractAs an extension of the classical damage boundary curve in the case of product dropping shock, the concept of a dropping damage boundary curve for linear and non‐linear packaging system to evaluate the dropping damage of product is developed in this paper. The dropping damage boundary curves are given for linear and hyperbolic tangent packaging systems with different damping. For a linear packaging system the dropping damage of a product is determined only by the natural frequency of the corresponding packaging system without damping and the dropping shock velocity of package except the system damping, and they compose the basic evaluation quantities of product dropping damage. For a non‐linear hyperbolic tangent packaging system, the system parameter and the dimensionless dropping shock velocity are two basic quantities in the evaluation of product dropping damage. It should be emphasized that the dimensionless dropping shock velocity is related not only to the dropping height of package box but also to the system parameter integration. This is the important feature differentiating a non‐linear packaging system from a linear one. The influence of system damping on the dropping damage boundary curves is also discussed. This concept and the results have important value in the design of cushioning packaging. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Inhibition of microbial growth in bread through active packaging
Authors: Soares N. F. F. , Rutishauser D. M. , Melo N. , Cruz R. S. , Andrade N. J. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBaked products lose quality by loss of moisture, staling and mould growth. The objective of this study was to determine the possibility of reducing mould growth during bread storage through interaction with active packaging film. Cellulose acetate films containing 0%, 2% and 4% sodium propionate were prepared. Three slices of bread were piled, sandwiched with the prepared film pieces, packed in low‐density polyethylene bags and stored for 15 days at 25 ± 2°C. Treatment with no film between the slices of bread served as a control. The microbiological analyses showed that increased propionate concentration into the film decreased mould growth during the storage period. Bread stored with no film showed a lower mould count compared with bread in contact with film without sodium propionate, which may be due to absence of air between the slices resulting from closeness of the bread slices. The water activity, pH and moisture content showed small variations during the storage period. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A unified approach to the analysis of Horton‐Strahler parameters of binary tree structures
Authors: Nebel Markus E. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe Horton‐Strahler number naturally arose from problems in various fields, e.g., geology, molecular biology and computer science. Consequently, detailed investigations of related parameters for different classes of binary tree structures are of interest. This paper shows one possibility of how to perform a mathematical analysis for parameters related to the Horton‐Strahler number in a unified way such that only a single analysis is needed to obtain results for many different classes of trees. The method is explained by the examples of the expected Horton‐Strahler number and the related rth moments, the average number of critical nodes, and the expected distance between critical nodes. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 21: 252–277, 2002
On the asymmetry of random regular graphs and random graphs
Authors: Kim Jeong Han , Sudakov Benny , Vu Van H. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThis paper studies the symmetry of random regular graphs and random graphs. Our main result shows that for all 3 ≤ d ≤ n − 4 the random d‐regular graph on n vertices almost surely has no nontrivial automorphisms. This answers an open question of N. Wormald [13]. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 21: 216–224, 2002
Distributed algorithms with dynamical random transitions
Authors: Guillotin‐Plantard Nadine , Schott René 
Published: October 2002

AbstractWe analyze a model of exhaustion of shared resources where allocation and deallocation requests are modeled by dynamical random variables as follows: Let (E, 𝒜, μ, T) be a dynamical system where( E, 𝒜, μ) is a probability space and T is a transformation defined on E. Let d ≥ 1 and f1, … , fd be functions defined on E with values in [0, \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}${1\over d}$\end{document}]. Let (Xi)i≥1 be a sequence of independent random vectors with values in ℤd. Let x ∈ E and (ej)1≤j≤d be the unit coordinate vectors of ℤd. For every i ≥ 1, the law of the random vector Xi is given by

We write

for the ℤd‐random walk generated by the family (Xi)i≥1. When T is a rotation on the torus then explicit calculations are possible. This stochastic model is a (small) step towards the analysis of distributed algorithms when allocation and deallocation requests are time dependent. It subsumes the models of colliding stacks and of exhaustion of shared memory considered in the literature [14, 15, 11, 16, 17, 20] The technique is applicable to other stochastically modeled resource allocation protocols such as option pricing in financial markets and dam management problems. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 21: 371–396, 2002
A perspective factorization method for Euclidean reconstruction with uncalibrated cameras
Authors: Han Mei , Kanade Takeo 
Published: October 2002

AbstractStructure from motion (SFM), which is recovering camera motion and scene structure from image sequences, has various applications, such as scene modelling, robot navigation, object recognition and virtual reality. Most of previous research on SFM requires the use of intrinsically calibrated cameras. In this paper we describe a factorization‐based method to recover Euclidean structure from multiple perspective views with uncalibrated cameras. The method first performs a projective reconstruction using a bilinear factorization algorithm, and then converts the projective solution to a Euclidean one by enforcing metric constraints. The process of updating a projective solution to a full metric one is referred as normalization in most factorization‐based SFM methods. We present three normalization algorithms which enforce Euclidean constraints on camera calibration parameters to recover the scene structure and the camera calibration simultaneously, assuming zero skew cameras. The first two algorithms are linear, one for dealing with the case that only the focal lengths are unknown, and another for the case that the focal lengths and the constant principal point are unknown. The third algorithm is bilinear, dealing with the case that the focal lengths, the principal points and the aspect ratios are all unknown. The results of experiments are presented. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Smoking as a risk factor for preinvasive and invasive cervical lesions in female sex workers in Venezuela
Authors: Núñez J.T. , Delgado M. , Pino G. , Girón H. , Bolet B. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractObjectives: To determine whether the number of cigarettes smoked per day and years of smoking were risk factors for preinvasive and invasive cervical lesions in Venezuelan female sex workers. Methods: The clinical history of 438 female sex workers (FSWs) was taken and each received a gynecological examination, a Pap smear, and a colposcopic examination. A colposcopically‐guided cervical biopsy was taken when the epithelium appeared abnormal. Results: The FSWs’ mean age was 32.16±8 years. Age at first sexual intercourse was 15.9±2 years, parity was 4.1±2.3, live births were 3±3, and age at first delivery was 16.6±4.7 years. Cervical biopsies were performed in 84 FSWs. Sixty‐four of them (76.2%) had preinvasive or invasive lesions and 47 (73.4%) were current smokers (Relative Risk) (RR), 1.26; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.02–1.55; P<0.03]. FSWs who smoked more than 20 cigarettes per day had an increased RR to get a premalignant or malignant cervical lesion (RR, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.02–1.52; P<0.03). There was no statistically significant difference between FSWs who smoked 20 cigarettes or more per day and FSWs who smoked less than 20 cigarettes per day (RR, 1.36; 95% CI, 0.81–2.29; P<0.25). FSWs who had been smoking for 5 years or more were at risk to develop preinvasive or invasive cervical lesions (RR, 1.37; 95% CI, 1.01–1.86; P<0.04). Conclusions: The risk for FSWs to develop preinvasive or invasive cervical lesions increased with the number of cigarettes they smoked per day and their years of smoking.
Selective joint denervation promotes knee osteoarthritis in the aging rat
Authors: Salo Paul T. , Hogervorst Tom , Seerattan Ruth A. , Rucker Diana , Bray Robert C. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractOsteoarthritis is the most common joint disorder with aging, but its cause is unknown. Mice lose joint afferents with aging, and this loss precedes development of osteoarthritis. We hypothesized a loss of joint afferents is involved in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis.To test this hypothesis, we denervated knee joints of 16 rats at age 2 months, by intra‐articular injection of an immunotoxin. The immunotoxin killed neurons after retrograde axonal transport to the cell body. At 16 or 24 months follow‐up, each joint was histologically assessed and assigned an osteoarthritis score.At follow‐up, the number of joint afferents had spontaneously decreased by 42% in control knees and 69% in denervated knees. We found that control knees developed osteoarthritic changes with aging. However, denervated knees had far more severe changes, as evidenced by a 54% higher average osteoarthritis score than control knees (p = 0.0016, both groups 16 knees).These results suggest a loss of afferents predisposes a joint to osteoarthritis. We propose the spontaneous loss of neurons with aging may be a normal developmental process. To explain the mechanism causing osteoarthritis, we suggest denervation permits aberrant joint loading, either by disturbing neuromuscular joint control, or by inducing joint laxity after neurogenic loss of tissue homeostasis.© 2002 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Rheology of joint fluid in total knee arthroplasty patients
Authors: Mazzucco Dan , McKinley Gareth , Scott Richard D. , Spector Myron 
Published: October 2002

AbstractWhile the properties of joint fluid may affect the tribology of joint replacement prostheses, the flow parameters of joint fluid have not yet been examined in the context of total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The objective of this study was to evaluate the flow properties of joint fluids in patients undergoing index TKA or revision TKA. We hypothesized that an alteration of the properties of joint fluid would result from TKA. The steady‐shear viscosity and storage and loss moduli were evaluated in joint fluid from 35 arthritis patients undergoing TKA, 14 patients undergoing revision of a previous TKA, and two patients presenting with joint effusion after TKA. The same properties were also evaluated in two commercially available sodium hyaluronate preparations and bovine serum, which is used as a lubricant in joint simulators. The steady‐shear viscosity varied over three orders of magnitude among samples obtained from patients undergoing TKA, spanning previously established “normal” and “diseased” ranges. Fluid obtained at index TKA was more likely to exhibit normal viscous properties than fluid obtained at revision TKA (p = 0.01). Other viscous parameters distinguished the two groups, but the difference did not reach statistical significance. Both groups exhibited degenerate flow properties when compared to synovial fluid from healthy individuals. Further examination of the connection between flow properties and the tribology of joint replacement prostheses is warranted.© 2002 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Excessive degradation of type II collagen in articular cartilage in equine osteochondrosis
Authors: Laverty S. , O'Kouneff S. , Ionescu M. , Reiner A. , Pidoux I. , Webber C. , Rossier Y. , Billinghurst R. C. , Poole A. R. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractArticular osteochondrosis (OCD) occurs in both man and animals. The etiology remains to be determined. Studies of OCD lesions in animals may provide clues as to its pathogenesis. The aim of our study was to determine whether there was evidence for increased degradation namely proteoglycan (PG) release and type II collagen cleavage in articular cartilage harvested from OCD lesions. We examined ex vivo explants at post‐mortem from equine OCD lesions and macroscopically normal site and age matched cartilage. These were cultured over a 10 day period in serum‐free medium. Type II collagen cleavage was measured in articular cartilage and media using an Elisa assay to detect the COL2‐3/Cshortepitope, which is generated on cleavage of the triple helix of type II collagen by collagenases. PG release was measured by a dye‐binding assay. Cumulative release of PG and COL2‐3/4Cshortand their contents in cartilage at the end of the culture period were determined. In OCD lesions there was a significant increase in type II collagen cleavage by collagenase but no evidence for increase of PG degradation. These findings point to a selective increase in type II collagen cleavage by collagenases, in OCD lesions of the kind observed in osteoarthritis. Further work is needed to determine whether changes represent primary or secondary events in the pathogenesis of OCD.© 2002 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Increased reflex activation of the peroneus longus following application of an ankle brace declines over time
Authors: Nishikawa Tetsuo , Ozaki Takuma , Mizuno Kosaku , Grabiner Mark D. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractTwo experiments were performed to document the time‐dependent characteristics of the peroneus longus short latency stretch reflex amplitude following application of an ankle brace. In Experiment 1, stretch reflexes were induced in 15 weightbearing subjects during an unbraced condition and braced condition. In Experiment 2, stretch reflexes were induced in 15 weightbearing subjects before and after 3 h of wearing the brace. In Experiment 1, the amplitude of the stretch reflex increased in the braced condition by about 25% relative to the non‐braced condition (p = 0.006). In Experiment 2 the amplitude of the stretch reflex increased about 18% immediately after application of the brace relative to the non‐braced condition (p = 0.037). After 3 h, the stretch reflex amplitude was not different from that of initial non‐braced condition. Given the importance of the peroneus longus muscle in ankle complex stability, further attention should be directed to whether the increased stretch reflex gain can be exploited during rehabilitation from ankle complex injuries. The findings provide a framework by which the effect of ankle braces on ankle joint proprioception, muscle activation profiles and balance may be physiologically interpreted.© 2002 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Fibronectin, MMP‐1 and histologic changes in rotator cuff disease
Authors: Tillander Bo , Franzén Lennart , Norlin Rolf 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThis study was designed to investigate human surgical specimens from patients with impingement (n = 16), ruptured supraspinatus tendons (n = 7), frozen shoulder (n = 2) and controls (n = 9) with respect to histological changes and the presence of fibronectin and Matrix metalloprotease‐1 (MMP‐1).The biopsy of the middle part of the supraspinatus tendons was analyzed microscopically after staining with hematoxyline eosin, Van Giesons hematoxyline and Phospho Tungstic Acid Hematoxyline for visualization of fibrin. Immunofluorescent stainings for fibronectin and MMP‐1 were performed. Histology and immunofluorescence were assessed blindly.Necrotic tendinous tissue and fibrin were found only in some specimens from ruptures. The staining for fibronectin was significantly increased among patients with a rupture. MMP‐1 was, however, only infrequently found in specimens from patients with impingement and ruptures. Fibrosis and thinning of fascicles seemed to be a more non‐specific finding, appearing in control, impingement and rupture specimens.In conclusion, necrotic tendinous tissue, fibrin and fibronectin appear to be signs of tendon degeneration, whereas fibrosis and thinning of fascicles were found also in controls.© 2002 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Interleukin‐1‐induced glenohumeral synovitis and shoulder pain in rotator cuff diseases
Authors: Gotoh Masafumi , Hamada Kazutoshi , Yamakawa Hideyuki , Yanagisawa Kazuhiro , Nakamura Masato , Yamazaki Hitoshi , Inoue Akio , Fukuda Hiroaki 
Published: October 2002

AbstractSynovitis of the subacromial bursa has been identified as a main source of shoulder pain in rotator cuff diseases. Little interest, however, has been paid into the synovitis of glenohumeral joint. The mRNA expression levels of interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) and interleukin‐1 receptor antagonists produced in the synovitis reflect the magnitude of inflammation. The present study was undertaken to determine the relationship between mRNA expression levels of IL‐1β and its receptor antagonists (secreted interleukin‐1 receptor antagonist (IL‐1ra) and intracellular IL‐1ra) in the synovium of the glenohumeral joint and shoulder pain in rotator cuff diseases, analyzing the synovial specimens by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Thirty‐five patients with rotator cuff diseases were candidates. Based on the presence of cuff perforation, they were divided into two categories: 16 with non‐perforating tears and 19 with perforating tears. The degree of shoulder pain was evaluated by use of a visual analogue scale. The pain degree of non‐perforating tears was significantly greater than that of perforating tears (P < 0.01). In contrast, the expression levels of the cytokine‐mRNAs were constitutively greater in perforating tears than in non‐perforating tears (P < 0.01, respectively). The expression levels of the cytokine‐mRNAs were inversely correlated with the degree of pain (IL‐1β: r = 0.930; secreted IL‐1ra: r = 0.861: intracellular IL‐1ra: r = 0.932, P < 0.001 respectively). These results suggest that the expression levels of the cytokine‐mRNAs in the synovium of the glenohumeral joint contribute less to the generation of shoulder pain in rotator cuff diseases.© 2002 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.