bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of alternate-day prednisolone administration on hypophyseal-adrenocortical activity in dogs
Authors: Brockus Charles W. , Dillon Allen R. , Kemppainen Robert J. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective
To evaluate effect of alternate-day oral administration of prednisolone on endogenous plasma ACTH concentration and adrenocortical response to exogenous ACTH in dogs.

Animals
12 Beagles.

Procedure
Dogs were allotted to 2 groups (group 1, 8 dogs treated with 1 mg of prednisolone/kg of body weight; group 2, 4 dogs given excipient only). During a 30-day period, blood samples were collected for determination of plasma ACTH and Cortisol concentrations before, during, and after treatment with prednisolone. From day 7 to 23, prednisolone or excipient was given on alternate days. Sample collection (48-hour period with 6-hour intervals) was performed on days 1, 7, 15, 21, and 28; on other days, sample collection was performed at 24-hour intervals. Pre-and post-ACTH plasma Cortisol concentrations were determined on days 3, 9, 17, 23, and 30.

Results
A significant difference was detected between treatment and time for group 1. Plasma ACTH concentrations significantly decreased for 18 to 24 hours after prednisolone treatment in group-1 dogs. At 24 to 48 hours, ACTH concentrations were numerically higher but not significantly different in group-1 dogs. Post-ACTH plasma Cortisol concentration significantly decreased after 1 dose of prednisolone and became more profound during the treatment period. However, post-ACTH Cortisol concentration returned to the reference range 1 week after prednisolone administration was discontinued.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance
Single oral administration of 1 mg of prednisolone/kg significantly suppressed plasma ACTH concentration in dogs for 18 to 24 hours after treatment. Alternate-day treatment did not prevent suppression, as documented by the response to ACTH. (Am J Vet Res 1999;60:698–702)
Use of breath hydrogen testing to detect experimentally induced disaccharide malabsorption in healthy adult dogs
Authors: Spohr Anette , Guilford W. Grant , Haslett Stephen J. , Vibe-Petersen Gunvor 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective
To develop a noninvasive method to detect disaccharide malabsorption in dogs by measuring hydrogen concentration ([H2]) in exhaled breath before and after experimentally induced disaccharide malabsorption.

Animals
8 healthy mixed-breed dogs.

Procedure
[H2] was measured every 30 minutes for 8 hours after administration of disaccharide solutions (lactose, 0.5 g/kg of body weight; lactose, 1.0 g/kg; sucrose, 2.0 g/kg; maltose, 1.5 g/kg; and lactose [0.5 g/kg] and sucrose [2.0 g/kg]) to determine reference ranges of [H2] for each solution, which were compared with [H2] in dogs with experimentally induced disaccharide malabsorption. To induce disaccharide malabsorption, dogs were given a mild overdose of lactose (1.5 g/kg) or a disaccharidase inhibitor. In the latter experiment, acarbose (10 mg/kg, PO) was given with the combination of lactose (0.5 g/kg) and sucrose (2 g/kg), and with maltose (1.5 g/kg).

Results
Overdosing with lactose resulted in [H2] persistently outside the reference range for lactose in 5 of 8 dogs. Acarbose administration resulted in [H2] persistently outside the reference range in 7 of 8 dogs that received a combination of sucrose and lactose but did not consistently affect [H2] after administration of maltose.

Conclusions
Disaccharide malabsorption resulted in [H2] outside the reference ranges in most of the adult dogs studied, suggesting that the technique may be useful in detecting naturally occurring disaccharidase deficiency. (Am J Vet Res 1999;60:836–840)
Complementary DNA cloning, tissue distribution, and synthesis of canine brain natriuretic peptide
Authors: Asano Kazushi , Murakami Masaaki , Endo Daiji , Kimura Takashi , Fujinaga Toru 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective
To determine complimentary DNA (cDNA) sequence and tissue distribution of canine brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), and to investigate whether synthesis of canine BNP increases in association with cardiovascular dysfunction.

Animals
5 healthy adult mixed-breed dogs and 3 healthy adult Beagles.

Procedure
Total RNA was extracted from normal canine hearts and was used in a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) procedure to isolate canine BNP cDNA. Sequence of the isolated cDNA was analyzed. Gene expression of canine BNP in various tissues from 2 mixed-breed dogs was investigated, using RT-PCR and northern blot analyses. Moreover, messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of canine BNP, using northern blot analysis, was compared between grossly normal hearts from 3 Beagles and hearts from 3 mixed-breed dogs with acute myocardial infarction created by surgical ligation.

Results
The cDNA sequence and deduced amino acid residues of canine BNP precursor were 420 base pairs and 140 residues, respectively. Messenger RNA expression of canine BNP was detectable in the atria but not in the ventricles and the other tissues. Messenger RNA expression of canine BNP was, however, detectable in the infarcted portion of the ventricles. The amount of canine BNP mRNA in the infarcted ventricles was significantly increased, compared with that of noninfarcted ventricles.

Conclusion
The cDNA sequence of canine BNP was determined. Expression of canine BNP mRNA was detected not only in the atria but also in infarcted ventricles. Synthesis of canine BNP increases in association with ischemic myocardial injury. Canine BNP may be used as an indicator of severity of ventricular myocardial injury. (Am J Vet Res 1999;60:860–864)
Biosafety and antibody responses of adult bison bulls after vaccination with Brucella abortusstrain RB51
Authors: Olsen Steven C. , Rhyan J. C. , Gidlewski Thomas , Palmer M. V. , Jones A. H. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective
To evaluate clearance, antibody responses, potential shedding, and histologic lesions in reproductive tissues of adult bison bulls after vaccination with Brucella abortus strain RB51.

Animals
61 two- and 3-year-old bison bulls.

Procedure
12 bison bulls were vaccinated SC with B abortus strain RB51, 3 were inoculated SC with 0.15M NaCI, and antibody responses were evaluated. Various specimens were obtained to evaluate bacterial shedding. Four vaccinates and 1 control were necropsied 10, 20, and 30 weeks after vaccination. In a separate experiment, bison bulls were vaccinated SC with 0.15M NaCI, or by hand or ballistically with strain RB51. Antibody responses were monitored 6 weeks after vaccination and during necropsy 13 weeks after vaccination. Tissue specimens obtained during necropsy from both studies were evaluated bacteriologically and histologically.

Results
Strain RB51 was recovered at various times from semen of 3 of 12 vaccinated bison bulls in experiment 1. During necropsy, strain RB51 was recovered 10 and 20, but not 30, weeks after vaccination. In experiment 2, strain RB51 was recovered from lymphoid tissues of hand- and ballistic-vaccinated bison bulls during necropsy. In both experiments, microscopic lesions in testes, epididymis, and seminal vesicles were minimal and did not differ between strain RB51-vaccinated and saline-inoculated bison bulls.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance
Strain RB51 does not induce relevant inflammatory lesions in reproductive tissues of adult bison bulls. Shedding of strain RB51 in semen may be transient in some bison bulls; however, the importance of this observation is unknown. (Am J Vet Res 1999;60:905–908)
Characterization of parasympatholytic chronotropic responses following intravenous administration of atropine to clinically normal dogs
Authors: Rishniw Mark , Kittleson Mark D. , Jaffe Rory S. , Kass Philip H. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective
To determine heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) after IV administration of 3 doses of atropine to clinically normal, large-breed adult dogs.

Animals
6 mixed-breed dogs, weighing between 23 and 50 kg.

Procedure
Continuous ECG were recorded prior to and following IV administration of saline (0.9% NaCl) solution and 0.02, 0.04, and 0.06 mg of atropine/kg of body weight. Heart rate and HRV within sympathetic and parasympathetic domains were determined, using customized software, and responses to treatments were compared. Each dog received all treatments with ≥ 2 days between treatments.

Results
HR increased and HRV within the parasympathetic domain decreased after all atropine treatments, compared with pretreatment values. Heart rate was significantly higher after administration of 0.06 mg of atropine/kg than after 0.02 mg/kg but was not different from HR after administration of 0.04 mg/kg. Five of 6 dogs given the 0.04 or 0.06 mg/kg dose attained HR > 135 beats/min, but only 1 of 6 dogs given the 0.02 mg/kg dose attained a HR > 135 beats/min. Heart rate variability within the parasympathetic domain decreased significantly from pretreatment values after all atropine treatments. Atropine doses of 0.04 and 0.06 mg/kg induced significantly lower HRV than did the 0.02 mg/kg dose, but HRV after the higher doses were not different from each other. HRV within the sympathetic domain after any treatment did not change from pretreatment values.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance
IV administration of 0.04 or 0.06 mg of atropine/kg increased HR and induced complete parasympathetic blockade in clinically normal, large-breed adult dogs. (Am J Vet Res 1999;60:1000-1003)
Efficacy of florfenicol in the treatment of experimentally induced infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis
Authors: Dueger Erica L. , Angelos John A. , Cosgrove Sallie , Johnson John , George Lisle W. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective
To evaluate efficacy of florfenicol in an induced model of infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis, using a blinded randomized, controlled trial.

Animals
48 male Holstein calves, 2 to 4 months old.

Procedure
Moraxella bovis infection was induced in all calves. When corneal ulcers developed, each calf was assigned randomly to 1 of 3 treatment groups, using a block design determined by corneal ulcer size (day 0). Calves were treated with florfenicol (20 mg/kg of body weight, IM) on days 0 and 2 (IM group; n = 16). Calves of a second group received a single dose of florfenicol (40 mg/kg, SC) on day 0 (SC group; n = 16). The third group of calves was not treated (control group; n = 16). Corneal ulcers were photographed, and each calf was assessed for 30 days after treatment for 10 clinical signs of infection. Corneal ulcer surface areas were measured, and clinical scores were calculated. Ocular secretions for microbiologic culture were obtained weekly from each eye.

Results
A Cox regression model indicated that, after adjustment for initial ulcer size, healing rates were 6.2 and 4.8 times greater in calves of the IM and SC groups, respectively, compared with the control group. Clinical scores and surface area measurements for treatment groups were significantly smaller than those for controls during posttreatment weeks 1 through 4. From day 8 through day 29, M bovis was isolated from ocular secretions of 14 of 16 control calves and 1 of 32 treated calves.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance
Parenterally administered florfenicol reduces corneal ulcer healing time, lessens clinical severity, and reduces the amount of bacterial shedding from calves infected with M bovis. (Am J Vet Res 1999;60:960-964)
Efficacy of misoprostol in prevention of gastric hemorrhage in dogs treated with high doses of methylprednisolone sodium succinate
Authors: Rohrer Cécile R. , Hill Richard C. , Fischer Andrea , Fox Leslie E. , Schaer Michael , Ginn Pamela E. , Preast Vanessa A. , Burrows Colin F. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective
To determine whether administration of misoprostol prevents gastric hemorrhage in healthy dogs treated with high doses of methylprednisolone sodium succinate (MPSS).

Animals
18 healthy hound-type dogs of both sexes.

Procedure
All dogs were given high doses of MPSS (30 mg/kg of body weight, initially, then 15 mg/kg 2 and 6 hours later, and, subsequently, q 6 h for a total of 48 hours) IV. Dogs were assigned randomly to receive concurrent treatment with misoprostol (4 to 6 μg/kg, PO, q 8 h; n = 9) or an empty gelatin capsule (9). Gastroduodenoscopy was performed before and after treatment. Hemorrhage was graded from none (0) to severe (3) for each cardia, fundus, antrum, and duodenum. A total stomach score was calculated as the sum of the regional stomach scores. Food retention was recorded, and pH of gastric fluid was determined. Gastric and fecal occult blood was measured.

Results
Gastric hemorrhage was evident in all dogs after MPSS administration, and its severity was similar in both groups. Median total stomach score was 6 for misoprostol-treated dogs and 5.5 for dogs given the gelatin capsule. Difference in gastric acidity, frequency of food retention, and incidence of occult blood in gastric fluid and feces was not apparent between the 2 groups.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance
Administration of misoprostol (4 to 6 μg/kg, PO, q 8 h) does not prevent gastric hemorrhage caused by high doses of MPSS. Alternative prophylactic treatment should be considered. (Am J Vet Res 1999;60:982–985)
Duration of action and hemodynamic properties of mivacurium chloride in dogs anesthetized with halothane
Authors: Smith Lesley J. , Moon Paula F. , Lukasik Victoria M. , Erb Hollis N. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective
To describe onset and duration of neuromuscular blockade induced by mivacurium chloride and its associated hemodynamic effects at 3 dosages in healthy dogs.

Animals
7 Labrador Retrievers.

Procedure
Anesthesia was induced with thiopental and maintained with halothane in oxygen, and dogs were mechanically ventilated to end-tidal PCO2 between 35 and 40 mm Hg. Core temperature, end-tidal PCO2, and halothane concentration were kept constant throughout the experiment. Neuromuscular function was assessed by evaluation of the train-of-four response to a supramaximal electrical stimulus of 2 Hz applied to the ulnar nerve every 10 seconds. Blood for determination of plasma cholinesterase activity was obtained prior to administration of mivacurium, a bolus of which was administered IV, using a randomized Latin-square design for dosages of 0.01, 0.02, and 0.05 mg/kg of body weight.

Results
All dogs had typical plasma cholinesterase activity. After administration of mivacurium, differences were not evident between groups in heart rate, systolic, mean, or diastolic blood pressure, change at any time in heart rate, systolic, mean, or diastolic blood pressure, or pH. Interval from onset to 100% neuromuscular blockade was 3.92 ± 1.70, 2.42 ± 0.53, and 1.63 ± 0.25 minutes at dosages of 0.01, 0.02, and 0.05 mg/kg, respectively. Duration of measurable neuromuscular blockade was 33.72 ± 12.73, 65.38 ± 12.82, and 151.0 ± 38.50 minutes, respectively. Time of onset and duration of effect differed significantly among dosages.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance
Mivacurium provides good hemodynamic stability at the dosages tested. In dogs, this drug has a rapid onset and long duration of effect. (Am J Vet Res 1999;60:1047-1050)
Effects of tylosin on concentrations of Fusobacterium necrophorum and fermentation products in the rumen of cattle fed a high-concentrate diet
Authors: Nagaraja Tiruvoor G. , Sun Yude , Wallace Neil , Kemp Ken E. , Parrott Calvin J. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective
To determine effects of tylosin on ruminal concentrations of Fusobacterium necrophorum and fermentation products in cattle during rapid adaptation to a high-concentrate diet.

Animals
6 steers fitted with ruminal cannulas.

Procedure
Steers were assigned randomly to 2 treatment groups and switched from a 0 to an 85% concentrate diet during a 4-day period. Cattle received this diet, with or without tylosin (90 mg/steer/d), for 4 weeks. Samples of ruminal contents were collected daily beginning 2 days before the treatment protocol and in the first week of concentrate feeding. Four subsequent samples were collected at weekly intervals. Concentration of F necrophorum in samples was determined, using the most-probable-number technique. Ruminal pH and concentrations of volatile fatty acids (VFA), lactate, and ammonia also were determined. All steers received both treatments separated by 4 weeks (cross-over design), during which time they were fed alfalfa hay only.

Results
In control steers, concentration of F necrophorum increased in response to the high-concentrate diet. Tylosin-fed steers had lower concentrations of F necrophorum than control steers at all times during concentrate feeding. However, ruminal pH and concentrations of lactate, VFA, and ammonia did not differ between treatment groups.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance
Tylosin caused a significant reduction in ruminal concentrations of F necrophorum during rapid adaptation to a high-concentrate diet but had no effect on fermentation products. The reduction in ruminal concentration of F necrophorum helps explain the reduction in prevalence of hepatic abscesses reported in tylosin-fed feedlot cattle. (Am J Vet Res 1999;60:1061-1065)
Comparison of intra-articular injection of 2 ml of 0.9% NaCl solution with rest alone for treatment of horses with traumatic arthritis
Authors: Gaustad Gudrun , Dolvik Nils Ivar , Larsen Stig 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective
To compare effects of intra-articular injection of 2 ml of 0.9% NaCl solution with rest alone for treatment of horses with traumatic arthritis.

Animals
38 Standardbred horses with moderate to severe lameness that resulted from traumatic arthritis.

Procedure
Horses were stratified on the basis of number of affected joints. In each stratum, horses were allocated randomly to treatment groups (intra-articular injection of 2 ml of 0.9% NaCl solution vs rest only). Treatment was for a period of 3 weeks. Horses were inspected weekly with a final examination 2 to 4 weeks after completion of treatment.

Results
Mean lameness index was significantly lower during the 3-week treatment period and the entire study period for the NaCl-injected group. A significant decrease in the lameness index during the first 3-week treatment period also was detected for the rest-only group; however, the lameness index increased significantly for this group during the follow-up period, and an overall significant decrease was not detected. Comparison of the lameness index curve indicated a difference in favor of NaCl injection, with a significant difference between the 2 groups at final examination. Nine horses became sound during treatment with rest only, but 6 relapsed before final examination. In the NaCl-injected group, 5 of 10 sound horses relapsed.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance
Intra-articular injection of 2 ml of 0.9% NaCl solution was beneficial in horses with traumatic arthritis. Use of rest alone for a limited period was inadequate for treatment of young Standardbred horses with traumatic arthritis. (Am J Vet Res 1999;60:1117–1121)
Effect of a magnesium-deficient diet on serum and urine magnesium concentrations in healthy cats
Authors: Norris Carol R. , Christopher Mary M. , Howard Kimberly A. , Nelson Richard W. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective
To evaluate the efficacy of using serum total and ionized magnesium (Mg) concentrations and urine Mg concentrations to identify Mg deficiency in cats.

Animals
6 healthy castrated male cats.

Procedure
A Mg-replete diet was fed for 37 days, followed by a Mg-deficient diet for 37 days. On days 1, 3, and 7 of the last week of each diet, serum ionized and total Mg concentrations were determined; in addition, urine Mg concentration was determined each day of the last week. Serum total and ionized Mg concentrations were compared with urine Mg concentration, amount of Mg excreted during 24 hours (24-hour urine Mg excretion), ratio of urine Mg concentration to urine creatinine concentration (Umg:Ucr), and urinary fractional excretion of Mg (FEmg) to determine which variable best predicted Mg status.

Results
Cats fed Mg-deficient diets had significantly lower serum total and ionized Mg concentrations and 24-hour urine Mg excretion values, compared with cats fed Mg-replete diets. Serum total Mg concentration was the best predictor of Mg status. Twenty-four-hour urine Mg excretion was a repeatable, reliable measurement and had the best correlation with serum total Mg concentration. Serum total Mg concentration also correlated with urine Mg concentration, Umg:Ucr, and FEmg.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance
Serum total and ionized Mg concentrations can be used to identify cats with dietary-induced Mg deficiencies. Twenty-four-hour urine Mg excretion and urine Mg concentration correlated best with serum total Mg concentration and, therefore, may be the most useful urine variables for identifying Mg deficiency. (Am J Vet Res 1999;60:1159–1163)
Effects of ear type, sex, age, body weight, and climate on temperatures in the external acoustic meatus of dogs
Authors: Huang Hui-Pi , Huang Hui-Mei 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective
To investigate effects of ear type, sex, age, body weight, and ambient climatic conditions on external acoustic meatus (external ear canal) temperatures in dogs.

Animals
650 dogs without clinical signs of ear disease.

Procedure
Dogs were assigned to 5 groups on the basis of auricular conformation and amount of hair in the external ear canal and 4 groups on the basis of body weight or age. External ear canal temperatures (EECT) were measured, using an infrared thermometer. Mean EECT determined for each group were compared to evaluate effects of ear type, age, weight, and sex, and EECT measured at different ambient temperatures and humidities were compared to determine climatic effects

Results
Dogs with hirsute ear canals had significantly lower EECT than dogs with hairless ear canals, whereas significant differences were not detected between dogs with erect and pendulous auricles. Dogs < 6 years old had higher EECT than older dogs, and dogs that weighed < 6 kg had lower EECT than larger dogs. External ear canal temperatures measured when ambient temperatures were < 25 C were less than those measured at warmer temperatures. Sex and relative humidity did not affect EECT.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance
EECT of dogs without ear disease were affected by weight and age, amount of hair in the external ear canal, and ambient temperature. However, hirsute ears had lower, not higher, EECT than hairless ears, suggesting that EECT may play less of a role in the development of otitis externa than believed. (Am J Vet Res 1999;60:1173-1176)