bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Periodontal Changes in Liver Cirrhosis and Post‐Transplantation Patients. I: Clinical Findings
Authors: Oettinger‐Barak Orit , Barak Shlomi , Machtei Eli E. , Ardekian Leon , Baruch Yaacov , Peled Micha 
Published: February 2005

Background: Cyclosporin A (CsA) is widely used to prevent liver transplantation failure. CsA‐induced gingival overgrowth is a common side effect. However, the effect of cirrhotic liver disease, liver transplantation, and immunosuppressive therapy on the periodontium is yet unclear. The aim of the present cross‐sectional study was to examine the effect of liver cirrhosis, transplantation, and immunosuppressive therapy on the periodontium.Methods: The experimental group (LC) consisted of 13 liver cirrhosis patients. A second experimental group (PT) included 24 patients, post‐liver transplantation, receiving immunosuppressive therapy. Seventeen healthy subjects formed a control group. The Ramfjord index teeth were recorded for plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), and gingival overgrowth (GO).Results: Mean PI and mean GI for the LC, PT, and C groups were not statistically different (P >0.05). Mean PD for the LC (3.32 ± 0.24 mm) and PT group (3.41 ± 0.13 mm) was significantly higher (P = 0.0001, ANOVA) compared to the C group (2.45 ± 0.16 mm). Likewise, CAL for the LC (4.89 ± 0.47 mm) and PT group (4.68 ± 0.47 mm) was significantly higher (P = 0.001, ANOVA) than the C group (2.78 ± 0.23 mm). Patients in the PT group exhibited the greatest mean GO scores (0.88 ± 0.09) compared to the LC group (0.37 ± 0.07) and the C group (0.09 ± 0.02). All 3 groups were significantly different from each other (P = 0.0001) despite great variability within the groups. GO in the CsA‐treated patients (1.1 ± 0.09) was significantly higher (P = 0.0001) than in those treated with tacrolimus (0.57 ± 0.1).Conclusions: Liver cirrhosis patients demonstrated greater pocketing and attachment loss compared to healthy matched controls. These same differences were observed in patients post‐transplantation. Gingival overgrowth occurred as a result of the immunosuppressive therapy with CsA, while to a lesser degree with tacrolimus. Replacement of CsA by tacrolimus in patients manifesting gingival overgrowth might be recommended whenever possible to overcome this problem. J Periodontol 2001;72:1236‐1240.
Local Versus Systemic Adjunctive Antibiotic Therapy in 28 Patients With Generalized Aggressive Periodontitis
Authors: Purucker Peter , Mertes Helmut , Goodson J. Max , Bernimoulin Jean‐Pierre 
Published: February 2005

Background: Although the use of systemic antibiotics has been studied in patients with generalized aggressive periodontitis (formerly rapidly progressive periodontitis), the use of adjunctive tetracycline fibers in these patients has not been reported. The purpose of the present study was to compare the clinical response of local versus systemic antibiotic treatment as adjuncts to scaling and root planing in patients with GAgP.Methods: After initial therapy and full‐mouth scaling and root planing (SRP), 30 patients were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 antibiotic treatment groups. Probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), and bleeding on probing (BOP) were recorded with an automated probe prior to SRP at baseline (BL) and 15, 30, 41, and 54 weeks later. Three months after SRP, the patients were treated with amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (500 mg tid; SRP + AUG group) or with local tetracycline fiber in pockets with PD ≥5 mm (SRP + TCF group).Results: In both treatment groups, PD decreased significantly from BL to week 54 (6.2 ± 1.5 mm to 4.7 ± 1.4 mm for SRP + TCF and 6.5 ± 1.4 mm to 4.2 ± 0.6 mm for SRP + AUG). However, there was no statistically significant difference between the 2 groups in pocket reduction. Similarly, in both treatment groups, there were small but significant gains in CAL from BL to week 54 (12.0 ± 1.8 mm to 11.3 ± 1.8 mm for SRP + TCF and 12.3 ± 1.5 mm to 11.2 ± 1.2 mm for SRP + AUG). The difference in CAL gain between the 2 groups was not statistically significant. At the final examination, both groups showed significant PD reduction and CAL gain (P <0.001) compared to BL. The frequency and percentage of bleeding sites decreased significantly in both groups. At week 54, this decrease was significantly greater in the SRP + AUG group (31.67% for SRP + TCF versus 3.85% for SRP + AUG).Conclusions: These results indicate that the local delivery of tetracycline by a fiber or the systemic administration of amoxicillin/clavulanic acid given 3 months after scaling and root planing produced similar clinical outcomes over the 9‐month observation period. J Periodontol 2001;72:1241‐1245.
Health Behaviors and Their Relation to Metabolic Control and Periodontal Status in Type 2 Diabetic Patients: A Model Tested Using a Linear Structural Relations Program
Authors: Kawamura Makoto , Tsurumoto Akihisa , Fukuda Setsuko , Sasahara Hisako 
Published: February 2005

Background: Although it has been reported that diabetic control is beneficial in managing periodontal disease, there are few studies in the literature where the relationship between singular behavioral factors and periodontal status has been examined. The aim of this study was to examine the simultaneous interrelationships among selected medical/dental variables and 5 behavior components with general health behavior (GHB), perceived fatigue (PF), diet control (DC), regular diet (RD), and dental behavioral inventory (HU‐DBI) scores, using data from a study of 102 type 2 diabetic patients.Methods: A hypothesized model was tested by a linear structural relations program (LISREL).Results: There was a significant correlation between oral health behavior and calculus accumulation (r = 0.399; P <0.001). Correlations were found between calculus and periodontal status measured by gingivitis index and probing depth (r = 0.232; P <0.05, r = 0.279; P <0.01, respectively). The final model was found to be consistent with the data (χ2 = 55.0, df = 47, P = 0.197; GFI = 0.922). Oral health behavior affected periodontal status through its effect on calculus but not plaque accumulation. General health behavior had significant effects on oral health behavior and diet behavior (P <0.05 and P <0.001, respectively). Diet behavior affected both plaque accumulation and metabolic control (P <0.05 and P <0.01, respectively). However, the result was the virtual absence of a significant pass coeffi‐cient between metabolic control and periodontal status.Conclusions: The severity of the 2 diseases seemed to be connected indirectly through health behaviors such as diet behavior and oral health behavior. J Periodontol 2001;72:1246‐1253.
Comparative Clinical Study of Guided Tissue Regeneration With a Bioabsorbable Bilayer Collagen Membrane and Subepithelial Connective Tissue Graft
Authors: Romagna‐Genon Christine 
Published: February 2005

Background: During the last decade, there have been great strides in the treatment of gingival recession defects, especially with subepithelial connective tissue graft and guided tissue regeneration (GTR) procedures. Gingival recession represents a significant concern for patients. It is necessary to choose the most appropriate procedure in order to obtain more root coverage while avoiding clinical disadvantages. The purpose of this randomized clinical trial was to evaluate the use of a bioabsorbable bilayer collagen membrane with GTR compared to a connective tissue graft in the treatment of gingival recession defects.Methods: Twenty patients each contributing a pair of Miller Class I or II buccal gingival recessions were treated. In each pair, one recession was randomly assigned for treatment with GTR using a bioabsorbable bilayer collagen membrane and the other treated with subepithelial connective tissue graft (CTG). Clinical measurements taken at baseline (D0) and 3 and 6 months post‐treatment included recession depth (RD), recession width (RW), probing depth (PD), and clinical attachment level (CAL).Results: Data were analyzed using the non‐parametric Wilcoxon matched pair test. All results were statistically significant. Both treatments resulted in a significant gain of root coverage (P <0.0001), amounting to an average of 2.80 mm at 3 months in the GTR group and 3.34 mm in the CTG group. At 6 months, the decrease of the mean RD remained statistically significant: 2.70 mm (74.59% root coverage) in the GTR group and 3.19 mm (84.84% root coverage) in the CTG group. The mean RW also decreased from 4.48 mm at D0 to 2.42 mm at 6 months in the GTR group, and from 4.38 mm at D0 to 1.35 mm at 6 months in the CTG group, representing a percentage of coverage of 45.98% and 69.18%, respectively. Mean CAL gain obtained between D0 and 6 months with the GTR procedure and CTG was 3.31 mm and 3.09 mm, respectively, and was significant within groups. At 3 and 6 months, the differences in the results for RD, CAL, and RW were not statistically significant between the 2 groups. However, the difference was significant for PD at 3 and 6 months.Conclusions: The results suggest that a bioabsorbable bilayer collagen membrane can be used in the GTR treatment of human buccal recession defects, with no statistically significant differences between this procedure and connective tissue grafts. J Periodontol 2001;72:1258‐1264.
Localized Aggressive Periodontitis in a Patient With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: A Case Report
Authors: Emingil Gülnur , Darcan şükran , Keskinoğlu Ahmet , Kütükçüler Necil , Atilla Gül 
Published: February 2005

Background: Poor metabolic control of diabetes mellitus (DM) has often been associated with the severity of periodontal disease. The aim of this report is to present a 9‐year‐old female with localized aggressive periodontitis who had a history of type 1 DM and the outcome of her treatment.Methods: The patient had received medical, clinical, and radiographic periodontal examinations. Peripheral blood analysis was done as well. She had non‐surgical periodontal treatment, and medical management of her diabetes was performed at the same time. She was followed longitudinally for 5 years.Results: Medical examination revealed no pathological findings except for growth retardation. Laboratory tests showed that she had poor metabolic control, with 497 mg/dl fasting blood glucose and 15.6% HbA1c. The random migration and neutrophil chemotaxis were significantly reduced. Periodontal treatment and metabolic control of her diabetes resulted in significant improvement in her periodontal condition. No incipient periodontal breakdown was observed around the teeth after 5 years from baseline.Conclusions: This report proves the efficiency of periodontal therapy in the prevention of future periodontal breakdown in a systemically compromised patient. It seems that in certain individuals who are predisposed to the aggressive forms of periodontitis, clinical and medical examinations and intervention to the systemic condition, in combination with periodontal treatment, are important in the management of these individuals J Periodontol 2001;72:1265‐1270.
A Bioengineered Implant for a Predetermined Bone Cellular Response to Loading Forces. A Literature Review and Case Report
Authors: Misch Carl E. , Bidez Martha W. , Sharawy Mohamed 
Published: February 2005

The presence of fibrous tissue has long been known to decrease the long‐term survival of a root‐form implant. Excessive loads on an osseointegrated implant may result in mobility of the supporting device, and excessive loads may also fracture an implant component or body. Although several conditions may cause crestal bone loss, one of these may be prosthetic overload. Excessive loads on the bone cause strain conditions to increase. These microstrains on the bone may affect the bone remodeling rate in a direct relationship.When strain conditions to the interfacial bone are in the mild overload zone, an increased bone remodeling response occurs, which results in a reactive woven bone formation that is less mineralized and weaker. Greater stresses may cause the interfacial strain to reach the pathologic overload zone and may cause microfracture of the bone, fibrous tissue formation, and/or bone resorption. Recent reports suggest that the bone remodeling rate next to an implant may be used to evaluate biomechanical conditions and their influence on the implant‐to‐bone interface. These include a number of factors, such as loading conditions, implant body surface conditions, and implant design. For a given load condition, the implant design is one of the primary factors that determine the resultant strain at the interface.A predetermined goal was established to bioengineer a dental implant to load the bone at the interface in a predetermined stress strain relationship, in order to maintain lamellar bone at the interface. A case report is presented of 2 bioengineered implants loaded for 1 year, which demonstrates that the bone was primarily lamellar in structure, the bone turnover rate was less than 5 microns/day, and was the same as the bone away from the interface. These findings corroborate those observed in a prior animal study reported with the same implant design. Although the number of implants evaluated in those 2 reports is few, they support a predetermined histological outcome. J Periodontol 2001;72:1276‐1286.
Potential Associations Between Chronic Respiratory Disease and Periodontal Disease: Analysis of National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III
Authors: Scannapieco Frank A. , Ho Alex W. 
Published: February 2005

Background: Associations between poor oral health and chronic lung disease have recently been reported. The present study evaluated these potential associations by analyzing data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III (NHANES III), which documents the general health and nutritional status of randomly selected United States subjects from 1988 to 1994.Methods: This cross‐sectional, retrospective study of the NHANES III database included a study population of 13,792 subjects ≥20 years of age with at least 6 natural teeth. A history of bronchitis and/or emphysema was recorded from the medical questionnaire, and a dichotomized variable combined those with either chronic bronchitis and/or emphysema, together considered as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Subject lung function was estimated by calculating the ratio of forced expiratory volume (FEV) after 1 second (FEV1)/forced vital capacity (FVC). Oral health status was assessed from the DMFS/T index (summary of cumulative caries experience), gingival bleeding, gingival recession, gingival probing depth, and periodontal attachment level. Unweighted analyses were used for initial examination of the data, and a weighted analysis was performed in a final logistic regression model adjusting for age, gender, race and ethnicity, education, income, frequency of dental visits, diabetes mellitus, smoking, and alcohol use.Results: The mean age of all subjects was 44.4 ± 17.8 years (mean ± SD): COPD = 51.2 ± 17.9 years and subjects without COPD = 43.9 ± 17.7 years. Subjects with a history of COPD had more periodontal attachment loss than subjects without COPD (1.48 ± 1.35 mm versus 1.17 ± 1.09 mm, P = 0.0001). Subjects with mean attachment loss (MAL) ≥3.0 mm had a higher risk of COPD than those having MAL <3.0 mm (odds ratio, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.02 to 2.05). A trend was noted in that lung function appeared to diminish with increasing periodontal attachment loss.Conclusions: The findings of the present analysis support recently published reports that suggest an association between periodontal disease and COPD. J Periodontol 2001;72:50‐56.
Fluid Dynamics of Gingival Tissues in Transition From Physiological Condition to Inflammation
Authors: Fabbro Massimo Del , Francetti Luca , Bulfamante Gaetano , Cribiù Milena , Miserocchi Giuseppe , Weinstein Roberto L. 
Published: February 2005

Background: An increase in gingival sulcular fluid filtration is a common clinical sign of early gingivitis. The aim of this study was to describe the fluid dynamics of the gingival interstitial tissues at the level of the sulcus in the transition towards inflammation.Methods: In 13 anesthetized rabbits, a silk ligature was placed around incisors close to the gingival margin, in order to prevent mechanical cleaning of plaque deposition. After 2 to 7 days, animals were anesthetized and interstitial fluid pressure measured using glass micropipettes connected to a servonull pressure system at the level of the free and attached gingiva.Results: Interstitial pressure was 3.8 ± 2.9 cmH2O, significantly higher than the normal physiological value (about –1 cmH2O). Colloid osmotic pressure of interstitial fluid samples collected using the wick technique was measured using an osmometer whose membrane had a molecular cut‐off of 30 kD and averaged 12.8 ± 2.8 cmH2O (unchanged relative to control). Mean gingival sulcular fluid flow, measured by placing a PE tube (0.5 mm OD, 0.28 mm ID) in the sulcus, was 0.16 ± 0.12 µl/h; the mean colloid osmotic pressure was 13.6 ± 6.6 cmH2O, corresponding to a protein concentration of ∼2.8 g/dl. Proteins of gingival fluid may leak from inflamed gingival interstitium or derive from bacteria of dental plaque. Histological analysis of gingival biopsies showed neutrophilic polymorphonuclear leukocyte infiltrates in both the dermis and epidermis layer.Conclusions: Based on hydraulic and colloid osmotic data, the Starling pressure gradient favored filtration from gingival interstitium to the sulcular space, a condition opposite to that observed in healthy gingiva where fluid filtration is absent. J Periodontol 2001;72:65‐73.
Immunohistochemical Study of Vestibular Gingival Blood Vessel Density and Internal Circumference in Smokers and Non‐Smokers
Authors: Mirbod Sayed M. , Ahing Stephen I. , Pruthi Vijay K. 
Published: February 2005

Background: This study was undertaken to determine: 1) if sections stained with monoclonal antibody to CD34 can be used for measurement of gingival blood vessel density and circumference and 2) if long‐term smoking affects either of these 2 parameters.Methods: Vestibular gingival biopsy samples were obtained from 17 adults (5 smokers and 12 non‐smokers) who were undergoing routine periodontal surgery independently of this study. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was used for histological assessment of inflammation, while immunohistochemical staining with CD34 mouse monoclonal antibody was used to mark the endothelial cells of the blood vessels within each sample. Stringent selection criteria were applied to the 17 biopsy samples, and 7 (from 3 smokers and 4 non‐smokers) were chosen to have their vascular density (number of vessels/unit area) and internal vessel circumference (IC) measured under a blinded protocol.Results: Repeated measurements of vascular density and internal circumference showed small standard deviations, indicating the high reproducibility of the measurement technique. The smoker group showed a higher proportion of small (IC <50 µm) and a lower proportion of large blood vessels (IC >100 µm), which was statistically significant (P = 0.0403 and P <0.001, respectively). The difference between the vascular density of smokers and non‐smokers was not significant (P = 0.092).Conclusions: The present study indicates that the CD34 immunohistochemical staining technique is a simple and reproducible method for the measurement of density and internal circumference of gingival blood vessels. Based on this technique, cigarette smokers show a higher percentage of smaller blood vessels and a lower percentage of larger vessels, but similar vascular density, to non‐smokers. J Periodontol 2001;72:1318‐1323.
The Fcγ Receptor Genotype as a Severity Factor for Chronic Periodontitis in Japanese Patients
Authors: Kobayashi Tetsuo , Yamamoto Kouji , Sugita Noriko , van der Pol W‐Ludo , Yasuda Keiko , Kaneko Susumu , van de Winkel Jan G. J. , Yoshie Hiromasa 
Published: February 2005

Background: Functional polymorphisms of immunoglobulin G (IgG) Fc receptors (FcγR) have been shown to be associated with generalized aggressive periodontitis (GAgP) or recurrence of chronic periodontitis (CP) in Japanese patients. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether FcγR polymorphisms are also associated with severity of CP.Methods: Fifty Japanese non‐smoking patients with severe CP and 39 Japanese non‐smoking patients with moderate CP were identified according to established clinical criteria, including measurements of probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), and alveolar bone loss (BL). FcγR genotypes for 3 bi‐allelic polymorphisms (FcγRIIa‐R/H131, FcγRIIIa‐158V/F, FcγRIIIb‐NA1/NA2) were determined in these CP patients and 64 race‐matched, non‐smoking healthy controls by means of allele‐specific polymerase chain reactions.Results: There was a significant over‐representation of FcγRIIIa‐158V allele in severe CP patients compared to moderate CP patients (odds ratio 2.03, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.03‐4.01, χ 2 = 4.86, P = 0.028). In addition, we found a strong association between CP severity and FcγR composite genotype comprising FcγRIIIa‐158V plus FcγRIIIb‐NA2 (severe CP versus moderate CP: odds ratio 4.69, 95% CI 1.52‐15.10, χ 2 = 9.35, P = 0.002; severe CP versus healthy controls: odds ratio 4.10, 95% CI 1.62‐10.59, χ 2 = 11.13, P = 0.0009). Moreover, CP patients positive for the composite genotype exhibited more severe signs of periodontitis than composite genotype‐negative individuals (positive versus negative; mean PD: 3.8 mm versus 3.2 mm, P = 0.005; mean CAL: 4.5 mm versus 3.7 mm, P = 0.005; mean % BL: 37.6% versus 29.9%, P = 0.008).Conclusion: Our results document the FcγRIIIa‐158V allele and possibly FcγRIIIb‐NA2 to be associated with severity of CP in Japanese patients. J Periodontol 2001;72:1324‐1331.
Non‐Redundant Roles for Interleukin‐1α and Interleukin‐1β in Regulating Human IgG2
Authors: Ishihara Yuichi , Zhang Ji‐Bo , Fakher Mohamed , Best Al M. , Schenkein Harvey A. , Barbour Suzanne E. , Tew John G. 
Published: February 2005

Background: Serum concentrations of immunoglobulin G2 (IgG2) are elevated in localized aggressive periodontitis (LAgP) patients, and secretory products of monocytes from LAgP patients enhance IgG2 responses of lymphocytes from healthy subjects. Furthermore, genes regulating production of interleukin (IL)‐1 influence the risk for both aggressive periodontitis (AgP) and chronic periodontitis. These observations, and the fact that IgG2 dominates responses to carbohydrates from Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and Porphyromonas gingivalis, prompted the hypothesis that IL‐1α, IL‐1β, and IL‐RA may help regulate human IgG2 responses.Methods: Human peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) were stimulated in culture with pokeweed mitogen (PWM); the levels of available IL‐1 gene products were manipulated; and the effect on IgG2 production was monitored. Manipulations of IL‐1 were accomplished by adding specific neutralizing monoclonal antibodies or recombinant IL‐1RA, IL‐1α, or IL‐1β.Results: Blocking the IL‐1 receptor with IL‐1RA or neutralizing IL‐1α or IL‐1β with specific antibody dramatically suppressed IgG2 production (50% to 70%). Additional IL‐1α did not compensate for neutralized IL‐1β, and additional IL‐1β did not compensate for neutralized IL‐1α, suggesting the 2 monokines have separate roles in promoting IgG2. Furthermore, combinations of anti‐IL‐1α and anti‐IL‐1β were more inhibitory than either antibody alone, and IL‐1α and IL‐1β in combination appeared to work additively in promoting IgG2. Moreover, PBL cultures from a group of LAgP patients with high IgG2 levels had elevated levels of IL‐1β.Conclusion: IL‐1α and IL‐1β appear to have critical and nonredundant roles in the generation and regulation of potent IgG2 responses, which appear to be important in human responses to carbohydrate‐bearing bacteria. J Periodontol 2001;72:1332‐1339.