bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alternative approaches to standard inpatient mental health care: development of a typology of service models
Authors: Griffiths Jessica , Baldwin Helen , Vasikaran Jerusaa , Jarvis Ruby , Pillutla Ramya , Saunders Katherine R. K. , Cooper Ruth , Foye Una , Rains Luke Sheridan , Lusted-Challen Molly , Barnett Phoebe , Brennan Geoff , Pryjmachuk Steven , Newbigging Karen , Lomani Jo , Olive Rachel Rowan , Mitchell Lizzie , Nyikavaranda Patrick , Lynch Chris , Persaud Karen , Lloyd-Evans Brynmor , Simpson Alan , Johnson Sonia 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundInpatient mental health care is a challenging component of the mental health services system, with frequent reports of negative and coercive experiences and doubts about its therapeutic value. As such, alternative approaches for individuals experiencing a mental health crisis are highly desirable. This research aimed to identify models which offer an alternative to standard inpatient mental health care across all age groups, both nationally and internationally, and to develop a typology for these alternative models.MethodsA dual literature search and expert consultation research methodology was adopted to identify relevant models. Three typologies of models were developed according to age group and acuity, including: alternatives to standard acute inpatient services for adults; alternatives to longer-stay inpatient services for adults, including rehabilitation and forensic inpatient services; and alternatives to standard inpatient services for children and young people.ResultsWe identified an array of service models in each typology, some in community settings, some hospital-based and some working across settings. Models varied greatly in characteristics, extent of implementation and supporting evidence.ConclusionsThrough this mapping exercise, we have developed three novel typologies of alternatives to standard inpatient care. A range of community-based, hospital-based and cross-setting approaches were identified. The identification of services providing inpatient care in a substantially different way to the standard suggests that some improvements could be provided within existing structures. Potential inequities in access to alternatives were identified for certain groups, such as people who are compulsorily detained, younger children and young people transitioning between children’s and adult services. These typologies can inform future description, evaluation and comparison of different service models. This research also yields some key considerations for the design, development and implementation of alternative mental health service models and service arrays.
Challenges With Segmenting Intraoperative Ultrasound For Brain Tumours
Authors: Weld Alistair , Dixon Luke , Anichini Giulio , Patel Neekhil , Nimer Amr , Dyck Michael , O’Neill Kevin , Lim Adrian , Giannarou Stamatia , Camp Sophie 
Published: December 2023

AbstractObjectiveAddressing the challenges that come with identifying and delineating brain tumours in intraoperative ultrasound. Our goal is to both qualitatively and quantitatively assess the interobserver variation, amongst experienced neuro-oncological intraoperative ultrasound users (neurosurgeons and neuroradiologists), in detecting and segmenting brain tumours on ultrasound. We then propose that, due to the inherent challenges of this task, annotation by localisation of the entire tumour mass with a bounding box could serve as an ancillary solution to segmentation for clinical training, encompassing margin uncertainty and the curation of large datasets.Methods30 ultrasound images of brain lesions in 30 patients were annotated by 4 annotators - 1 neuroradiologist and 3 neurosurgeons. The annotation variation of the 3 neurosurgeons was first measured, and then the annotations of each neurosurgeon were individually compared to the neuroradiologist’s, which served as a reference standard as their segmentations were further refined by cross-reference to the preoperative MRI. The following statistical metrics were used: Intersection Over Union, Sørensen-Dice similarity coefficient and Hausdorff distance. These annotations were then converted into bounding boxes for the same evaluation.ResultsThere was a moderate level of interobserver variance between the neurosurgeons [IoU:0.789, DSC:0.876, HD:103.227] and a larger level of variance when compared against the MRI-informed reference standard annotations by the neuroradiologist, mean across annotators [IoU:0.723, DSC:0.813, HD:115.675]. After converting the segments to bounding boxes, all metrics improve, most significantly, the interquartile range drops by [IoU:37%, DSC:41%, HD:54%].ConclusionThis study highlights the current challenges with detecting and defining tumour boundaries in neuro-oncological intraoperative brain ultra-Sound. We then show that bounding box annotation could serve as a useful complementary approach for both clinical and technical reasons.
Diagnostic testing preferences can help inform future public health response efforts: global insights from an international survey
Authors: Salzano Leah , Narayanan Nithya , Tobik Emily R. , Akbarzada Sumaira , Wu Yanjun , Megiel Sarah , Choate Brittany , Wyllie Anne L. 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACTIntroductionPublic perception regarding clinical diagnostic sample types as well as personal experiences can influence willingness to test. As such, public preferences for specific sample type(s) should be used to inform diagnostic and surveillance testing programs to improve public health response efforts. To understand where preferences lie, we conducted an international survey regarding sample types used for SARS-CoV-2 tests.MethodsA Qualtrics survey regarding SARS-CoV-2 testing preferences was distributed via social media and email. The survey collected preferences regarding test sample types and key demographic data. Python was used to analyze survey responses.ResultsFrom March 30th to June 15th, 2022, 2,094 responses were collected from 125 countries. Participants were 55% female and predominantly aged 25-34 years (27%). Education and employment were skewed: 51% had graduate degrees, 26% had bachelor’s degrees, 27% were scientists/researchers, and 29% were healthcare workers. By rank sum analysis, the most preferred sample type globally was the oral swab, followed by saliva, with parents/guardians preferring saliva-based testing for children. Respondents indicated a higher degree of trust in PCR testing (84%) vs. rapid antigen testing (36%). Preferences for self- or healthcare worker-collected sampling varied across regions.ConclusionsThis international survey identified a preference for oral sample types when testing for SARS-CoV-2. Notably, respondents indicated that if they could be assured that all sample types performed equally, then saliva was preferred. Overall, survey responses reflected the region-specific testing experiences during the COVID-19. Public preferences should be considered when designing future response efforts to increase utilization, with oral sample types providing a practical option for large-scale, accessible diagnostic testing.
Sex Differences and Role of Lysyl Oxidase Like 2 (LOXL2) in Angiotensin II-Induced Hypertension in Mice
Authors: Wang Huilei , Yus Marta Martinez , Brady Travis , Choi Rira , Nandakumar Kavitha , Smith Logan , Jang Rosie , Wodu Bulouere Princess , Almodiel Jose Diego , Stoddart Laila , Kim Deok-Ho , Steppan Jochen , Santhanam Lakshmi 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundHypertension, a disease with known sexual dimorphism, accelerates aging associated arterial stiffening, in part due to the activation of matrix remodeling caused by increased biomechanical load. In this study, we tested the effect of biological sex and the role of the matrix remodeling enzyme lysyl oxidase like 2 (LOXL2) in hypertension induced arterial stiffening.MethodsAngiotensin II (Ang II) was delivered using osmotic pumps inLoxl2+/-and WT male and female mice. Blood pressure and pulse wave velocity (PWV) were measured noninvasively to assess hypertension and aortic stiffness. Wire myography and uniaxial tensile testing were used to test aortic vasoreactivity and mechanical properties. Aortic wall composition was examined by histology and Western blotting. The effect of biomechanical strain on LOXL2 expression and secretion by vascular smooth muscle (VSMC) and endothelial cells (EC) was evaluated by uniaxial cyclic stretching of cultured cells. The role of LOXL2’s catalytic function on VSMC alignment in response to mechanical loading was determined with LOXL2 inhibition and knockout.ResultsAng II infusion induced hypertension in WT andLoxl2+/-mice of both sexes and increased PWV in WT males but not inLoxl2+/-males, WT females, orLoxl2+/-females. LOXL2 depletion protected males from Ang II mediated potentiation of vasoconstriction but worsened in females and improved aortic mechanical properties in both sexes. Histological analysis showed increased aortic wall thickness in hypertensive WT males but not females and increased intralamellar distance in both sexes, that was ameliorated in Loxl2+/- mice. Western blotting revealed increased collagen I, decreased collagen IV, and increased LOXL2 accumulation and processing in hypertensive mice. Hypertensive cyclic strain contributed to LOXL2 upregulation in the cell-derived matrix in VSMCs but not ECs. LOXL2’s catalytic function facilitated VSMC alignment in response to biomechanical strain.ConclusionsIn males, arterial stiffening in hypertension is driven both by VSMC response and matrix remodeling. Females exhibit a delayed onset of Ang II-induced hypertension with minimal ECM remodeling but with VSMC dysfunction. LOXL2 depletion ameliorates arterial stiffening and preserves functional contractility and aortic structure in male hypertensive mice. LOXL2 depletion improves aortic mechanics but worsens aortic contractility in hypertensive females. VSMCs are the primary source of LOXL2 in the aorta and hypertension increases LOXL2 processing and shifts to collagen I accumulation. Overall, LOXL2 depletion offers protection in young hypertensive males and females.
Study on indoor pollutants emission in Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria
Authors: Abulude Francis Olawale , Suriano Domenico , Oluwagbayide Samuel Dare , Akinnusotu Akinyinka , Abulude Ifeoluwa Ayodeji , Awogbindin Emmanuel 
Published: December 2023

PurposeThis study aimed to characterize the concentrations of indoor pollutants (such as carbon dioxide (CO2), ozone (O3), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and sulfur dioxide (SO2), as well as particulate matter (PM) (PM1, PM2.5 and PM10) in Akure, Nigeria, as well as the relationship between the parameters’ concentrations.Design/methodology/approachThe evaluation, which lasted four months, used a low-cost air sensor that was positioned two meters above the ground. All sensor procedures were correctly carried out.FindingsCO2 (430.34 ppm), NO2 (93.31 ppb), O3 (19.94 ppb), SO2 (40.87 ppb), PM1 (29.31 µg/m3), PM2.5 (43.56 µg/m3), PM10 (50.70 µg/m3), temperature (32.4°C) and relative humidity (50.53%) were the average values obtained. The Pearson correlation depicted the relationships between the pollutants and weather factors. With the exception of April, which had significant SO2 (18%) and low PM10 (49%) contributions, NO2 and PM10 were the most common pollutants in all of the months. The mean air quality index (AQI) for NO2 indicated that the AQI was “moderate” (51–100). In contrast to SO2, whose AQI ranged from “moderate” to “very unhealthy,” O3's AQI ranged from “good” (50) to “unhealthy” (151–200). Since PM1, PM2.5 and PM10 made up the majority of PC1’s contribution, both PM2.5 and PM10 were deemed “hazardous.”Practical implicationsThe practical implication of indoor air pollution is long-term health effects, including heart disease, lung cancer and respiratory diseases such as emphysema. Indoor air pollution can also cause long-term damage to people’s nerves, brain, kidneys, liver and other organs.Originality/valueLack of literature in terms of indoor air quality (IAQ) in Akure, Ondo State. With this work, the information obtained will assist all stakeholders in policy formulation and implementation. Again, the low-cost sensor used is new to this part of the world.
Stronger and more just? Recent reforms of China’s intellectual property rights system and their implications
Authors: Huang Can , Cao Cong , Coreynen Wim 
Published: December 2023

Purpose
Since 2015, China has made efforts to reform its intellectual property rights (IPR) system to better protect and stimulate innovation. These reforms are a result of the demand for more stringent intellectual property (IP) protection from China’s domestic, innovative industries and a measure to ease the pressure exerted by its foreign trading partners, particularly against the background of the US-China trade dispute that started at the beginning of 2018. This paper summarizes these reforms and their implications.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper combines a variety of sources, including academic articles, government websites, news reports, industry surveys and expert opinions, to offer insights in China’s IPR system and its recent reforms.

Findings
This paper summarizes and discusses (1) the state’s law amendments, including the 2015 amendment of the “Law on Promoting the Transformation of Scientific and Technological Achievements”, the second amendment of the “Anti-Unfair Competition Law” with regard to trade secret protection, the fourth amendment of the “Patent Law”, and the legislations and regulations addressing the criticisms of the US administration over China’s so-called “forced” technology transfer policies; (2) the establishment of the specialized IP courts and tribunals since 2014; (3) the restructuring of the State IP Office; and (4) the issuing of an “Outline for Building an IPR Powerhouse (2021–2035)”.

Originality/value
This paper highlights China’s efforts to make its IPR system stronger and more just. It also discusses international observers’ reactions and pinpoints specific areas for further improvement.
Fighting through the Flesch and Fog: the readability of risk disclosures
Authors: Toerien Franz Eduard , du Toit Elda 
Published: December 2023

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to evaluate whether the amendments to International Accounting Standard (IAS) 39 and the introduction of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) 9 enhanced the readability, and thus the quality and usefulness of risk disclosure information.

Design/methodology/approach
Readability analyses are performed on companies listed on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange (JSE) from 2005 to 2021. The sample period includes the period when companies disclosed information according to IAS 39 (2005–2017) and IFRS 9 (2018–2021).

Findings
The results of the analyses show risk disclosures for JSE-listed companies to be complex and difficult to understand. Furthermore, risk disclosures have become longer and less readable with the introduction of amendments to IAS 39 and the introduction of IFRS 9.

Research limitations/implications
This study uses readability measures as a proxy for the complexity and usefulness of risk disclosures. The amount of utility a user of financial statements derives could be dependent on other factors such as the quality of disclosure, individual user background and perceptions.

Practical implications
The results have valuable implications for the various stakeholders that make use of the information contained in financial statements. Stakeholders such as regulators and standard setters should carefully assess how accounting standards change to ensure that one of the key objectives of the IASB, namely, to provide information that is relevant, reliable and understandable, is met.

Originality/value
The results of this study contribute to the discourse on the usefulness of companies’ risk disclosures. Though, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to compare the readability of risk disclosures from an emerging market perspective, the results can be applied to other countries using IFRS to assess the readability of risk disclosures.
The data awareness framework as part of data literacies in K-12 education
Authors: Höper Lukas , Schulte Carsten 
Published: December 2023

Purpose
In today’s digital world, data-driven digital artefacts pose challenges for education, as many students lack an understanding of data and feel powerless when interacting with them. This paper aims to address these challenges and introduces the data awareness framework. It focuses on understanding data-driven technologies and reflecting on the role of data in everyday life. The paper also presents an empirical study on young school students’ data awareness.

Design/methodology/approach
The study involves a teaching unit on data awareness framed by a pre- and post-test design using a questionnaire on students’ awareness and understanding of and reflection on data practices of data-driven digital artefacts.

Findings
The study’s findings indicate that the data awareness framework supports students in understanding data practices of data-driven digital artefacts. The findings also suggest that the framework encourages students to reflect on these data practices and think about their daily behaviour.

Originality/value
Students learn a model about interactions with data-driven digital artefacts and use it to analyse data-driven applications. This approach appears to enable students to understand these artefacts from everyday life and reflect on these interactions. The work contributes to research on data and artificial intelligence literacies and suggests a way to support students in developing self-determination and agency during interactions with data-driven digital artefacts.
Optimal multi-period pricing and sales effort decisions with a logit demand model in an integrated channel
Authors: Hu Wanting , Deng Guangwei 
Published: December 2023

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to provide an optimal joint strategy of multi-period pricing and sales effort for a retailer with a logit choice demand in an integrated channel.Design/methodology/approachCustomer demand is characterized by a logit choice model, it varies over time and is influenced by price and sales effort. The multi-period decision model for the retailer is constructed using a discrete-time dynamic programming method to determine the optimal price and sales effort in each period.FindingsWhen the inventory level does not exceed a certain threshold, decreasing price and increasing sales effort over time or as inventory level increases are the optimal strategies. However, once the inventory level exceeds the threshold, the optimal strategy is to maintain both price and sales effort constant as the inventory level changes or to increase price and decrease sales effort over time. Additionally, the greater the influence of sales effort on demand or the higher the arrival rate of customers, the higher the optimal price and the greater the optimal sales effort level.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the existing research on dynamic pricing and sales effort in integrated channels by incorporating a logit choice model. Furthermore, it provides valuable management insights for retailers operating in an integrated channel to make pricing and sales effort decisions based on inventory level and time period.
Preparation and dispersion properties of polyacrylate copolymer dispersant
Authors: Sun Xia , Xu Jianben , Yu Caili , Zhang Faai 
Published: December 2023

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to synthesize a polyacrylate-based dispersant with a determined target molecular weight for oily systems and to determine the optimal dispersant level and monomer ratio of the dispersant.

Design/methodology/approach
The dispersant was synthesized by conventional radical polymerization using methacrylic acid, butyl acrylate and dimethylamino ethyl methacrylate as the monomer. It was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic hydrogen spectroscopy, gel permeation chromatography and thermogravimetric analysis. The dispersant was used to disperse TiO2, and the performance of the dispersant was evaluated by measuring the viscosity, particle size and dispersive force of the slurry.

Findings
The dispersant exhibited high thermal stability and was successfully anchored to the surface of the TiO2 pigment. When used to disperse a TiO2 slurry, it effectively made the TiO2 slurry more fluid, indicating its strong viscosity-reducing properties. The viscosity, particle sizes and dispersion capabilities of the TiO2 slurry were found to vary depending on the contents and monomer ratios of the dispersant.

Research limitations/implications
P(MAA-BA-DM) dispersant increases the wettability of TiO2 only in oily solvents but not in aqueous solvents.

Practical implications
P(MAA-BA-DM) dispersant makes it easier to disperse TiO2 pigments in oily solvents, increasing the amount of pigment in the solvent and making the preparation of highly pigmented pastes easier.

Originality/value
A dispersant containing suitable carboxyl and tertiary amine groups was initially synthesized to disperse TiO2 in an oily system. The findings are anticipated to be used in the formulation of pigment concentrates, industrial coatings and other solvent-based coatings.
Snowmobile noise alters bird vocalization patterns during winter and pre‐breeding season
Authors: Cretois Benjamin , Bick Ian Avery , Balantic Cathleen , Gelderblom Femke B. , Pávon‐Jordán Diego , Wiel Julia , Sethi Sarab S. , Betchkal Davyd H. , Banet Ben , Rosten Carolyn M. , Reinen Tor Arne 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Noise pollution poses a significant threat to ecosystems worldwide, disrupting animal communication and causing cascading effects on biodiversity. In this study, we focus on the impact of snowmobile noise on avian vocalizations during the non‐breeding winter season, a less‐studied area in soundscape ecology.

We developed a pipeline relying on deep learning methods to detect snowmobile noise and applied it to a large acoustic monitoring dataset collected in Yellowstone National Park.

Our results demonstrate the effectiveness of the snowmobile detection model in identifying snowmobile noise and reveal an association between snowmobile passage and changes in avian vocalization patterns.

Snowmobile noise led to a decrease in the frequency of bird vocalizations during mornings and evenings, potentially affecting winter and pre‐breeding behaviours such as foraging, predator avoidance and successfully finding a mate. However, we observed a recovery in avian vocalizations after detection of snowmobiles during mornings and afternoons, indicating some resilience to sporadic noise events.

Synthesis and applications: Our findings emphasize the need to consider noise impacts in the non‐breeding season and provide valuable insights for natural resource managers to minimize disturbance and protect critical avian habitats. The deep learning approach presented in this study offers an efficient and accurate means of analysing large‐scale acoustic monitoring data and contributes to a comprehensive understanding of the cumulative impacts of multiple stressors on avian communities.