bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Animal Cephalometry — Practical Considerations
Authors: McKeown Maurice 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Although many experiments have been carried out involving radiographic cephalometry in animals, the general principles involved have rarely been discussed in publications. Increasing ethical restraints are being applied to experimental radiographic studies in man and this may inevitably lead to a much greater use of animals in orthodontic research.
There are relative merits in the use of various species for specific experiments and the experimental methods in animal cephalometry need careful scrutiny.
Clinical studies of glass ionomer cements: Part I – A twelve month clinical study comparing Zinc Phosphate Cement to Glass Ionomer
Authors: Fricker John P. , McLachlan Mark D. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Zinc phosphate has long been the standard luting agent for the cementation of orthodontic bands. There has been recent interest in the use of glass ionomer cements for this purpose.
A clinical trial has been conducted on 181 patients with full fixed appliances, to compare the relative efficacy of a zinc phosphate cement compared to a glass ionomer cement as an orthodontic luting agent.
It was found that 8.8% of zinc phosphate cemented bands became loose in 12 months compared to 0.6% of bands cemented with glass ionomer. Furthermore, 53% of all failures, which were all zinc phosphate, occurred during the first three months.
AI Driven False Data Injection Attack Recognition Approach for Cyber-Physical Systems in Smart Cities
Authors: Joshi Pooja , Sinha Anurag , Kundu Roumo , Shamim Rejuwan , Bagaria Mukesh Kumar , Rajawat Yuvraj Singh , Punia Piyush 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Cyber-physical systems (CPS) combine the typical power grid with recent communication and control technologies, generating new features for attacks. False data injection attacks (FDIA) contain maliciously injecting fabricated data as to the system measurements, capable of due to improper decisions and disruptions in power distribution. Identifying these attacks is vital for preserving the reliability and integrity of the power grid. Researchers in this domain utilize modern approaches namely machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) for detecting anomalous forms in the data that signify the existence of such attacks. By emerging accurate and effective detection approaches, this research purposes to improve the resilience of CPS and make sure of a secure and continuous power supply to consumers. This article presents an Improved Equilibrium Optimizer with Deep Learning Enabled False Data Injection Attack Recognition (IEODL-FDIAR) technique in a CPS platform. The main purpose of the IEODL-FDIAR technique is to enable FDIA attack detection and accomplishes security in the CPSS environment. In the presented IEODL-FDIAR technique, the IEO algorithm is used for the feature subset selection process. Moreover, the IEODL-FDIAR technique applies a stacked autoencoder (SAE) model for FDIA attack detection. Furthermore, the pelican optimization algorithm (POA) can be utilized for the optimum hyperparameter chosen for the SAE algorithm which in turn boosts the detection outcomes of the SAE model. To portray the better outcome of the IEODL-FDIAR system, a wide range of simulation analyses are executed. A wide comparison analysis described the improved results of the IEODL-FDIAR technique with existing DL models.
Der Klimawandel als globales Problem und seine Folgen für Deutschland
Authors: Neubäumer Renate 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The article focuses on the fact that climate change is a global phenomenon. Based on the latest IPCC Assessment Report and the climate policies of the major emitters, the earth’s temperature is expected to rise by 2.5 to 3°C by 2100. As a scenario analysis commissioned by the Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Climate Action shows, this will cause considerable damage, although it can be significantly reduced through increased adaptation measures. The article concludes that Germany (and the EU) should refrain from playing a pioneering role and work more towards further developing the Paris Agreement in accordance with the principle of reciprocity. Additionally, Germany should significantly strengthen its adaptation measures.
Deregulierung, Re-Regulierung – Auswirkungen der Rückvermeisterung im Handwerk
Authors: Runst Petrik , Thomä Jörg 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The obligation to obtain a master craftsman’s certificate in order to set up a new business was suspended in 2004 for some trades in the German skilled crafts sector, but was reintroduced for some of them in 2020. This paper presents the first empirical results of this re-regulation and places them in the context of the policy discussion. The results so far indicate a reversal of the 2004 deregulation effects on German crafts after the re-regulation. Future in-depth studies will show whether these effects are robust.
Das Gründungsgeschehen in Deutschland
Authors: Gottschalk Sandra , Hottenrott Hanna 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The number of start-ups in Germany has been at a historically low level for a decade. While there was an annual average of 240,000 new start-ups between 1995 and 2004, the number has fallen significantly in the following years to around 165,000. One explanation is demographic change, but another is the shortage of skilled workers and labour, which makes other forms of employment attractive for potential founders. However, the significant slump in 2022 has other causes. After the turbulence of the coronavirus pandemic, the war in Ukraine led to uncertainty, which resulted in a sharp decline in the number of start-ups in many sectors. The decline in the high-tech sector is particularly noticeable. The energy sector, on the other hand, stands out due to its increasing dynamism.
ANALISIS FITOKIMIA NIRA DAN TUAK KELAPA (COCOS NUCIFERA L.)
Authors: Jagadhita I Gede Adi Laksana 
Published: January 2024

Minuman tradisional Bali adalah minuman yang telah diwariskan turun temurun oleh masyarakat Bali. Salah satu minuman beralkohol tradisional Bali adalah tuak kelapa yang merupakan hasil fermentasi nira kelapa. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui senyawa fitokimia yang terdapat dalam nira dan tuak kelapa (Cocos Nucifera L.). Rancangan penelitian ini berupa deskriptif observative. Identifikasi senyawa fitokimia digunakan dengan uji reagen secara kualitatif. Berdasarkan hasil uji senyawa fitokimia yang dimiliki nira kelapa adalah saponin, fenol dan terpenoid sedangkan tuak kelapa memiliki lebih banyak senyawa fitokimia yaitu saponin, fenol, terpenoid, alkaloid dan flavonoid. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nira dan tuak kelapa (Cocos Nucifera L.) memiliki kandungan senyawa fitokimia.
Kata kunci : Analisis Fitokimia, Nira Kelapa, Tuak Kelapa
Orbit Transfer Design and Analysis for the SMILE Satellite
Authors: Liu Xinyu , Han Lianxin , Wang Haoyu , Zhang Jing , Liu Bang , Yang Yingquan , Chen Wen , Zhang Yonghe 
Published: January 2024

Solar Wind Magnetosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer (SMILE) aims to understand the interaction between the solar wind and the Earth’s magnetosphere. The initial orbit of the SMILE satellite is a low Earth orbit, while the target orbit is a highly elliptical orbit. This paper presents the design and analysis of orbit transfer for the SMILE satellite with the constraints of ground stations. According to the maneuver constraints, design principles and strategies have been determined. The orbit transfer strategy is to raise the apogee first and then the perigee, and no active control is carried out for the argument of perigee and the right accession of ascending node. Besides balancing the number of orbit maneuvers and the fuel loss, the orbit transfer is decomposed into 11 maneuvers. To increase the solvability, the idea of multistep approaching the target has been adopted. After a three-step design, the orbit transfer scheme satisfying the observational constraints of the maneuvers by the ground stations has been achieved. Results reveal that the fuel consumed during the orbit transfer is estimated to be 1440 kg, within the fuel budget. Furthermore, the orbital lifetime is calculated to be 7.08 years, which can fully meet the mission’s requirements.
An open label feasibility study of a nutrition and exercise app-based solution in cirrhosis
Authors: Ismond Kathleen P , Cruz Christofer , Limon-Miro Ana Teresa , Low Gavin , Prado Carla M , Spence John C , Raman Maitreyi , McNeely Margaret L , Tandon Puneeta 
Published: January 2024

Background: Nutrition and exercise are the mainstay of therapy for the prevention and treatment of frailty in cirrhosis. This pilot study assessed feasibility of the online delivery of an app-based semi-supervised nutrition and exercise intervention in this population. Methods: The 11-week pilot recruited adults with cirrhosis who owned internet-connected devices. Patients were encouraged to participate in exercise sessions 3× per week including a combination of online group exercise (weekly) and home-based follow-along exercise (biweekly). They also participated in group nutrition classes (five sessions) and one-to-one exercise and nutrition check-ins delivered through the app. Primary outcome measures pertained to program feasibility: recruitment, retention, adherence, and satisfaction. Exploratory measures included physical performance (liver frailty index [LFI], 6-minute walk test [6MWT]), health behaviour domains, and quality of life. Results: Twenty three patients completed baseline measures. Of these, 18 (72%) completed end of study measures (mean MELD-Na, 9.2; female, 44.4%). Over 70% of participants fulfilled 75% or more of the feasibility criteria. Satisfaction with the program was high (mean, 89%). Exercise program modifications were required for 17 patients to accommodate health events or abilities. Exploratory evaluation showed improvement in the LFI and the 6MWT by −0.58-units (95% CI: −0.91 to −0.25) and 46.0 m (95% CI: 22.7–69.3) respectively without changes in quality of life or health behaviour domains. Conclusions: Outcomes demonstrate feasibility of the app-based delivery of programming with promising exploratory impact on efficacy for physical performance. Findings can guide the design of a large-scale app-based randomized controlled trials in cirrhosis.
KIDNEYS INVOLVEMENT INTO THE THYROID GLAND BURNING PATHOGENETIC MECHANISMS
Authors: Tiron O.I. , Vastyanov R.S. 
Published: January 2024

Background. Burn injuries considered to be the most common and severe diseases in people, positioned second place after traffic injuries. The thyroid gland, taking into account the wide range of thyroid hormones physiological activity, its structural and functional organization and morpho-functional features as well as large-scale duplicative mechanisms of regulatory feedback, is one of the first which receives the alterative thermal influence. Thyroid gland and other organs of the body dysfunction or pathological dysregulation occurs as a result of thermal exposure “triggers” systemic dysfunctions via the “vicious circle” and positive feedback mechanisms and systemic-antisystemic regulation which cannot be ignored by the majority of internal organs and organ systems resulting ion their functional disorders. We decided to test the assumptions regarding the kidneys participation in thyroid burning pathological process manifestation.
Aim: to investigate the changes in lipid peroxidation and antioxidant defense in erythrocytes and kidney tissue and to investigate the kidneys functional activity throughout the thyroid gland thermal.
Materials and methods. The malondialdehyde concentration and antioxidant enzymes activity - glutathione, catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase - were determined in white Wistar rats’ erythrocytes and kidney homogenate 1, 3, 7, 14, 21, and 30 days after the thyroid gland burning. Diuresis was calculated in rats during induced water diuresis and both the protein and creatinine content in urine was determined during the indicated periods after thyroid gland burning
Results. The significant accumulation of lipoperoxidation intermediate products and the antioxidant enzymes activity suppression in erythrocytes and in the kidney parenchyma are registered in rats during the post-burn period. The postburn period course is characterized by diuresis decrease. The urine protein level increased and the rate of protein excretion also increased in conditions of thyroid gland burning
Conclusion. Significant accumulation of lipoperoxidation intermediate products and the antioxidant enzymes activity suppression in erythrocytes and in the liver parenchyma is recorded in thyroid gland burning dynamics which we consider as evidence of erythrocytes and kidney involvement in the specified pathological process mediation. The expressed renal dysfunction develops with thyroid gland thermal damage which is manifested by kidneys both excretory and filtering functions impairment. The data obtained we consider as the experimental background for kidney involvement into the thyroid gland burning pathogenetic mechanisms and the pathological dysregulation of organs and organ systems formation in these pathological conditions.
Study of carotenoids and chlorophylls content in Thymus L. essential oils genus species at the reproductive period
Authors: Мазулін О. В. , Фуклева Л. А. , Стешенко Я. М. , Мазулін Г. В. , Салій O. O. , Пучкан Л. O. 
Published: January 2024

The genus Thymus (Thymus L., Lamiaceae L.) is polymorphic, containing various races and forms with minor morphological differences. Up to 200 species have been identified in the world, of which up to 50 are found in Ukraine.
Widespread wild essential oil species of the genus Thymus L. in Ukraine are: creeping thyme, Crimean thyme, Dnieper thyme, Marshall's thyme, flea thyme, Pallas's thyme. Successfully cultivated: common thyme, Spanish white thin thyme, Spanish white flowering thyme, creeping thyme, lemon thyme.
Thyme is known for its rich chemical composition. Carotenoids and chlorophylls contribute to the accumulation of essential oil, polyphenolic compounds, antioxidant, detoxification and radioprotective effects.
For the standardization of raw materials of Thymus L. species, it is advisable to determine the accumulation of carotenoids and chlorophylls during the reproductive period.
The purpose of the work is to identify and determine the quantitative content of carotenoids and chlorophylls during the reproductive period in the herb species of the genus Thymus L. of the flora of Ukraine.
Raw materials were collected in steppe biocenoses and specialized farms of southeastern Ukraine during the reproductive period (May–September 2018–2023) according to generally accepted methods. They were dried at 35 ºС to a moisture content of no more than 10%. n-Hexane extracts (1:100) were used to identify substances and establish their quantitative content. The determination was made by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) followed by densitometry and spectrophotometry.
By the methods of thin-layer chromatography and spectrophotometry in n-hexane extracts from grass species of the genus Thymus L. of flora of Ukraine 4 carotenoids and 2 chlorophylls were identified. Cultivated species had the highest content: Th. vulgaris L. and Th. x citriodorus (Pers.) Schreb. var. «Silver Queen».
The accumulation of carotenoids and chlorophylls in the raw materials of the genus Thymus L. during the reproductive period was studied. The results indicate the expediency of standardization of the studied raw materials according to the accumulation of carotenoids and chlorophylls.
MRI pattern characterization of cerebral cardioembolic lesions following atrial fibrillation ablation
Authors: Saglietto Andrea , Bertello Eleonora , Barra Marina , Ferraro Ilenia , Rovera Chiara , Orzan Fulvio , De Ferrari Gaetano Maria , Anselmino Matteo 
Published: January 2024

BackgroundRecognizing etiology is essential for treatment and secondary prevention of cerebral ischemic events. A magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) pattern suggestive of an embolic etiology has been described but, to date, there are no uniformly accepted criteria.AimThe purpose of the study is to describe MRI features of ischemic cerebral lesions occurring after transcatheter ablation of atrial fibrillation (AF).MethodsA systematic review and meta-analysis of studies performing brain imaging investigations before and after AF transcatheter ablation was performed. The incidence of cerebral ischemic lesions after AF transcatheter ablation was the primary endpoint. The co-primary endpoints were the prevalence of the different neuroimaging features regarding the embolic cerebral ischemic lesions.ResultsA total of 25 studies, encompassing 3,304 patients, were included in the final analysis. The incidence of ischemic cerebral lesions following AF transcatheter ablation was 17.2% [95% confidence interval (CI) 12.2%–23.8%], of which a minimal fraction was symptomatic [0.60% (95% CI 0.09%–3.9%)]. Only 1.6% of the lesions (95% CI 0.9%–3.0%) had a diameter &gt;10 mm, and in 20.5% of the cases the lesions were multiple (95% CI 17.1%–24.4%). Brain lesions were equally distributed across the two hemispheres and the different lobes; cortical location was more frequent [64.0% (95% CI 42.9%–80.8%)] while the middle cerebral artery territory was the most involved 37.0% (95% CI 27.3–48.0).ConclusionsThe prevailing MRI pattern comprises a predominance of small (&lt;10 mm) cortical lesions, more prevalent in the territory of the middle cerebral artery.
Spatial and temporal variation in the predicted dispersal of marine larvae around coastal Aotearoa New Zealand
Authors: Michie Charles , Lundquist Carolyn J. , Lavery Shane D. , Della Penna Alice 
Published: January 2024

IntroductionPatterns of larval dispersal in the marine environment have many implications for population dynamics, biodiversity, fisheries, ecosystem function, and the effectiveness of marine protected areas. There is tremendous variation in factors that influence the direction and success of marine larval dispersal, making accurate prediction exceedingly difficult. The key physical factor is the pattern of water movement, while two key biological factors are the amount of time larvae spend drifting in the ocean (pelagic larval duration - PLD) and the time of the year at which adult populations release larvae. Here, we assess the role of these factors in the variation of predicted larval dispersal and settlement patterns from 15 locations around Aotearoa New Zealand.MethodsThe Moana Project Backbone circulation model paired with OpenDrift was used to simulate Lagrangian larval dispersal in the ocean with basic vertical control across four differing PLD groups (7, 14, 30, and 70 days) for each of twelve months. ResultsConsiderable variation was observed in the pattern of particle dispersal for each major variable: release location, PLD group, and the month of release. As expected, dispersal distances increased with PLD length, but the size of this effect differed across both release location and month. Increased and directional particle dispersal matched some expectations from well-known currents, but surprisingly high self-recruitment levels were recorded in some locations.DiscussionThese predictions of larval dispersal provide, for the first time, an empirical overview of coastal larval dispersal around Aoteaora New Zealand’s main islands and highlight potential locations of “barriers” to dispersal. This dataset should prove valuable in helping predict larval connectivity across a broad range of species in this environment for diverse purposes.
Aqueous extract of Sargentodoxa cuneata alleviates ulcerative colitis and its associated liver injuries in mice through the modulation of intestinal flora and related metabolites
Authors: Xu Feng , Yu Piao , Wu Hongmei , Liu Mei , Liu Hongyun , Zeng Qian , Wu Dengli , Wang Xiangpei 
Published: January 2024

BackgroundUlcerative colitis (UC) is a refractory disease worldwide. Liver injury can be found clinically with UC, and now, it is found that gut dysbiosis is an important mechanism in the pathogenesis of UC. Sargentodoxa cuneata has been used as a traditional Chinese medicine and is commonly used clinically for the treatment of UC. The main objective of this study was to investigate the intrinsic mechanisms of Sargentodoxa cuneata in the treatment of UC and its associated liver injuries from the perspective of intestinal flora and related metabolites.MethodsUltra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to identify the components in the aqueous extract of Sargentodoxa cuneata (AESc). Mice with UC induced by dextran sulfate sodium were used to study the effects of AESc on UC and its associated liver injuries. Furthermore, 16S rRNA gene sequencing and analysis were performed on intestinal contents, and correlation analysis of intestinal flora with short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and organic acids was performed.ResultsA total of 114 compounds were identified in AESc. AESc improved disease activity index scores, liver index, and colon length in mice with UC and had a good protective effect on intestine and liver injuries. Moreover, the administration of AESc regulated gut microbiota dysbiosis and the levels of a few SCFAs and organic acids in mice with UC. In addition, the correlation analysis results showed that the Megamonas and Bifidobacterium were the key intestinal flora related to the levels of differential SCFAs and organic acids in mice with UC after AESc intervention.ConclusionAESc has a good protective effect on UC and UC related liver injuries. Modulation of the intestinal flora and its metabolites (SCFAs and a few organic acids) is an important pathway for AESc in the treatment of UC and also provides a rationale for the clinical use of Sargentodoxa cuneata in the treatment of UC.
A novel compound heterozygous variant of ECEL1 induced joint dysfunction and cartilage degradation: a case report and literature review
Authors: Jing Siyuan , Peng Mou , He Yuping , Hua Yimin , Li Jinrong , Li Yifei 
Published: January 2024

BackgroundDistal arthrogryposis type 5D (DA5D) represents a subtype of distal arthrogryposis (DA) characterized by congenital joint contractures in the distal extremities. DA5D is inherited in a rare autosomal recessive manner and is associated with the ECEL1 gene. In this report, we describe a case of an infant with bilateral knee contractures and ptosis, caused by a novel compound heterozygous mutation of ECEL1.Case presentationWe conducted DNA extraction, whole-exome sequencing analysis, and mutation analysis of ECEL1 to obtain genetic data on the patient. We subsequently analyzed the patient’s clinical and genetic data. The proband was a 6 months-old male infant who presented with significant bilateral knee contracture disorders and bilateral ptosis. MRI demonstrated cartilage degradation in knee joint. Whole-exome sequencing of the patient’s DNA revealed a compound heterozygous mutation of c.2152-15C&gt;A and c.110_155del in ECEL1. Analysis with the MutationTaster application indicated that c.110_155del was pathogenic (probability = 1), causing frameshift mutations affecting 151 amino acids (p.F37Cfs*151). The truncated protein lost the substructure of a transmembranous site based on the predicted protein crystal structure AF-O95672-F1. The variant of c.2152-15C&gt;A of ECEL1 was also predicted to be disease-causing (probability = 0.98) as it impaired the methylation of ECEL1 serving as an H3K27me3 modification site, which led to the dysfunction of the second topological domain. Therefore, we concluded that the compound heterozygous mutation caused the pathogenic phenotype of this proband.ConclusionThe present case highlights the usefulness of molecular genetic screening in diagnosing unexpected joint disorder. Identification of novel mutations in the ECEL1 gene broadens the mutation spectrum of this gene and adds to the genotype-phenotype map of DA5D. Furthermore, rapid whole-exome sequencing analysis enabled timely diagnosis of this rare disease, facilitating appropriate treatment and scheduled follow-up to improve clinical outcomes.