bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE X-RAY SPECTRAL ANALYSIS OF DWARF NOVA WZ Sge OBSERVED WITH ROSAT IN QUIESCENCE
Authors: GÜN GÜLNUR İKİS 
Published: August 2005

X-ray spectral parameters were determined for WZ Sge observed with the ROSAT PSPC. The raw data were fitted with various spectral models and the best fit spectral models are found to be that of Raymond–Smith and Thermal Bremsstrahlung. The best fit temperature was estimated to be kT ~ 2.17 keV while the column density was found to be NH ~ 2.8 × 1020 cm -2. The estimated 0.1–2.4 keV flux was in the range of log F = -12 ergs cm -2 s -1. WZ Sge stars show long outburst recurrence times and weak X-ray emissions during the quiescence states. It is possible to lengthen repetition cycles by decreasing the viscosity parameter (α); however there still remains the question why α is so small, specifically for these objects. The Coronal Siphon Model of Meyer and Meyer–Hofmeister1 can explain these phenomenons successfully. For this reason, the equations of this model were applied to the results of spectral analysis. Using this model, the mass accretion rate, mass evaporation rate in corona and the radius of the corona were calculated to be 1014.48 gr yr-1, 10-5.4 gr cm-2 s-1 and 109.7 cm, respectively. The obtained values suggest that the corona model can indeed operate in WZ Sge system.
Contrasting Challenges of Insulin Pump Therapy in a Toddler and Adolescent With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Doyle Elizabeth A. , Steffen Amy T. , Tamborlane William V. 
Published: August 2005

Purpose To describe the challenges and outcomes of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) pump therapy in a toddler and adolescent with type 1 diabetes. Insight into patient-family aspects motivating pump use is provided. Methods Two cases treated at the Pediatric Diabetes Clinic at Yale University. Results Upon parental request, CSII was initiated to improve glycemic control in a 4-year-old boy (case 1) with unpredictable food intake. During 68 months of CSII therapy, hemoglobin A1C levels averaged 6.3% ± 0.6%. Severe hypoglycemic episodes ceased 36 months ago, and occasional postprandial hyperglycemia during early school years was corrected with school nurses’ reminders about premeal insulin bolus doses. Currently 9.5 years old, he independently manages all his insulin injections with parental assistance only to change the catheter site. Case 2 is a girl who was nearly 12 years of age when diagnosed with type 1 diabetes. Initially managed with daily injections, hypoglycemic episodes were interfering with her physically active lifestyle. At age 13 years, she elected CSII therapy, and glycemic control improved. Temporarily erratic in the immediate period pre- and postmenarche, metabolic control has since stabilized. At 15 years old, she successfully manages her diabetes independently. Conclusions To optimize glycemic control, CSII can be initiated and used effectively, both in children of all ages and in adolescents with type 1 diabetes. CSII may be ideal therapy for toddlers, with no apparent lower age boundary for initiating CSII; however, the parenting challenges and requirements for supportive education differ between toddlers and adolescents. When disease and pump management are appropriately individualized, CSII therapy can help children with diabetes achieve and sustain glycemic control. Lifestyle flexibility, quality-of-life improvement, and independence can thus begin early in childhood and be maintained throughout young adulthood.
Culturally Competent Diabetes Education
Authors: Anderson-Loftin Wanda , Barnett Steve , Bunn Peggy , Sullivan Patra , Hussey James , Tavakoli Abbas 
Published: August 2005

Purpose The purpose of this study was to test effects of a culturally competent, dietary self-management intervention on physiological outcomes and dietary behaviors for African Americans with type 2 diabetes. Methods A longitudinal experimental study was conducted in rural South Carolina with a sample of 97 adult African Americans with type 2 diabetes who were randomly assigned to either usual care or the intervention. The intervention consisted of 4 weekly classes in low-fat dietary strategies, 5 monthly peer-professional group discussions, and weekly telephone follow-up. The culturally competent approach reflected the ethnic beliefs, values, customs, food preferences, language, learning methods, and health care practices of southern African Americans. Results Body mass index and dietary fat behaviors were significantly lowered in the experimental group. At 6 months, weight decreased 1.8 kg (4 lb) for the experimental group and increased 1.9 kg (4.2 lb) for the control group, a net difference of 3.7 kg (8.2 lb). The experimental group reduced high-fat dietary habits to moderate while high-fat dietary habits of the control group remained essentially unchanged. A trend in reduction of A1C and lipids was observed. Conclusions Results suggest the effectiveness of a culturally competent dietary self-management intervention in improving health outcomes for southern African Americans, especially those at risk due to high-fat diets and body mass index ≥ 35 kg/mm2. Given the burgeoning problem of obesity in South Carolina and the nation, the time has come to focus on aggressive weight management. Diabetes educators are in pivotal positions to assume leadership in achieving this goal for vulnerable, rural populations.
Clinical Inertia Contributes to Poor Diabetes Control in a Primary Care Setting
Authors: Ziemer David C. , Miller Christopher D. , Rhee Mary K. , Doyle Joyce P. , Watkins Clyde , Cook Curtiss B. , Gallina Daniel L. , El-Kebbi Imad M. , Barnes Catherine S. , Dunbar Virginia G. , Branch William T. , Phillips Lawrence S. 
Published: August 2005

Purpose The purpose of this study was to determine whether “clinical inertia”—inadequate intensification of therapy by the provider—could contribute to high A1C levels in patients with type 2 diabetes managed in a primary care site. Methods In a prospective observational study, management was compared in the Medical Clinic, a primary care site supervised by general internal medicine faculty, and the Diabetes Clinic, a specialty site supervised by endocrinologists. These municipal hospital clinics serve a common population that is largely African American, poor, and uninsured. Results Four hundred thirty-eight African American patients in the Medical Clinic and 2157 in the Diabetes Clinic were similar in average age, diabetes duration, body mass index, and gender, but A1C averaged 8.6% in the Medical Clinic versus 7.7% in the Diabetes Clinic (P < .0001). Use of pharmacotherapy was less intensive in the Medical Clinic (less use of insulin), and when patients had elevated glucose levels during clinic visits, therapy was less than half as likely to be advanced in the Medical Clinic compared to the Diabetes Clinic (P < .0001). Intensification rates were lower in the Medical Clinic regardless of type of therapy (P < .0001), and intensification of therapy was independently associated with improvement in A1C (P < .001). Conclusions Medical Clinic patients had worse glycemic control, were less likely to be treated with insulin, and were less likely to have their therapy intensified if glucose levels were elevated. To improve diabetes management and glycemic control nationwide, physicians in training and generalists must learn to overcome clinical inertia, to intensify therapy when appropriate, and to use insulin when clinically indicated.
Donor origin of multipotent adult progenitor cells in radiation chimeras
Authors: Reyes Morayma , Li Sheng , Foraker Jessica , Kimura En , Chamberlain Jeffrey S. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractMultipotent adult progenitor cells (MAPCs) are bone marrow-derived stem cells that have extensive in vitro expansion capacity and can differentiate in vivo and in vitro into tissue cells of all 3 germinal layers: ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. The origin of MAPCs within bone marrow is unknown. MAPCs are believed to be derived from the bone marrow stroma compartment as they are isolated within the adherent cell component. Numerous studies of bone marrow chimeras in the human and the mouse point to a host origin of bone marrow stromal cells. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which coexist with stromal cells, have also been proven to be of host origin after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation in numerous studies. We report here that following syngeneic bone marrow transplants into lethally irradiated C57BL6 mice, MAPCs are of donor origin.
Molecular identification of PAL-E, a widely used endothelial-cell marker
Authors: Niemelä Harri , Elima Kati , Henttinen Tiina , Irjala Heikki , Salmi Marko , Jalkanen Sirpa 
Published: August 2005

Abstract
The pathologische anatomie Leiden-endothelium (PAL-E) antibody has been used for almost 20 years as a specific marker for vascular endothelial cells. Due to the fact that this antibody works only in very limited applications, the molecular identity of PAL-E has remained unknown. In this work, we demonstrate by double stainings, cross-immunoprecipitations, and transfectants that the PAL-E antigen is identical with a protein designated PV-1 (plasmalemmal vesicle 1) or FELS (fenestrated endothelial-linked structure protein) and is not vimentin, as reported earlier. As the expression of this molecule is by no means restricted to fenestrated endothelium, we suggest the use of the name PLVAP for this protein. Molecular identification of PLVAP should help in the production of new tools for the identification of vascular as opposed to lymphatic endothelium and to elucidate the function of this protein.
Inhibition of dynamin-dependent endocytosis increases shedding of the amyloid precursor protein ectodomain and reduces generation of amyloid β protein
Authors: Carey Robyn M , Balcz Brigitte A , Lopez-Coviella Ignacio , Slack Barbara E 
Published: August 2005

AbstractBackgroundThe amyloid precursor protein (APP) is transported via the secretory pathway to the cell surface, where it may be cleaved within its ectodomain by α-secretase, or internalized within clathrin-coated vesicles. An alternative proteolytic pathway occurs within the endocytic compartment, where the sequential action of β- and γ-secretases generates the amyloid β protein (Aβ). In this study, we investigated the effects of modulators of endocytosis on APP processing.ResultsHuman embryonic kidney cells were transfected with a dominant negative mutant of dynamin I, an important mediator of clathrin-dependent endocytosis, and APP proteolysis was analyzed. Overexpression of the mutant dynamin (dyn I K44A) resulted in increased shedding of the APP ectodomain (sAPPα), accumulation of the C-terminal α-secretase product C83, and a reduction in the release of Aβ. Levels of mature APP on the cell surface were increased in cells expressing dyn I K44A, and internalization of surface-immunolabeled APP, assessed by fluorescence microscopy, was inhibited. Dynamin is a substrate for protein kinase C (PKC), and it was hypothesized that activators of PKC, which are known to stimulate α-secretase-mediated cleavage of APP, might exert their effects by inhibiting dynamin-dependent endocytosis. However, the internalization of surface-biotinylated APP was unaffected by treatment of cells with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate in the presence of the α-secretase inhibitor TAPI-1.ConclusionThe results indicate that APP is internalized by a dynamin-dependent process, and suggest that alterations in the activity of proteins that mediate endocytosis might lead to significant changes in Aβ production.
No significant role for beta tubulin mutations and mismatch repair defects in ovarian cancer resistance to paclitaxel/cisplatin
Authors: Mesquita Bárbara , Veiga Isabel , Pereira Deolinda , Tavares Ana , Pinto Isabel M , Pinto Carla , Teixeira Manuel R , Castedo Sérgio 
Published: August 2005

Abstract

Background
The mechanisms of chemoresistance in ovarian cancer patients remain largely to be elucidated. Paclitaxel/cisplatin combination is the standard chemotherapeutic treatment for this disease, although some patients do not respond to therapy. Our goals were to investigate whether TUBB mutations and mismatch repair defects underlie paclitaxel and cisplatin resistance.

Methods
Thirty-four patients with primary ovarian carcinomas (26 serous and eight clear cell carcinomas) treated with paclitaxel/cisplatin were analysed. TUBB exon 4 was analysed by nested PCR after a first round PCR using intronic primers. Microsatellite analysis was performed with the quasimonomorphic markers BAT 26 and BAT 34.

Results
Twenty-two of the 34 ovarian cancers (64.7%) presented residual tumour after surgery, seven of which (7/22; 31.8%) were shown to be chemoresistant (five serous and two clear cell tumours). Sequence analysis did not find any mutation in TUBB exon 4. Microsatellite instability was not detected in any of the ovarian carcinomas.

Conclusion
We conclude that TUBB exon 4 mutations and mismatch repair defects do not play a significant role in paclitaxel/cisplatin resistance.
Mitral supravalvular ring: a case report
Authors: Serra Walter , Testa Paola , Ardissino Diego 
Published: August 2005

Abstract
Supravalvular mitral stenosis is a rare condition characterized by an abnormal ridge, with one or two orifices, covering and obstructing the mitral valve. Preoperative diagnosis is difficult with transtoracic echo (TTE), angiography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
In this case, a 36-year-old male, was admitted to our Heart department: He experienced progressive dyspnea on effort and at rest.
Diagnosis was made by transesophageal echocardiography which showed, on apical 4-chamber section, an anulare structure attached since a membrane to the atrial wall anterior mitral valve leaflet and just proximal to the posterior mitral leaflet.
Pre-operative identification of the supravalvular mitral ring is the target for obtaining good surgical results. Cineangiography and MRI both failed in reaching this objective, whereas, transesophageal echocardiography is the best method to identify this congenital heart disease.
Using TEE the identification is not only possible but also easier.
Allometric scaling of the maximum metabolic rate of mammals: oxygen transport from the lungs to the heart is a limiting step
Authors: Painter Page R 
Published: August 2005

Abstract

Background
The maximum metabolic rate (MMR) of mammals is approximately proportional to M

0.9
, where M is the mammal's body weight. Therefore, MMR increases with body weight faster than does the basal metabolic rate (BMR), which is approximately proportional to M

0.7
. MMR is strongly associated with the capacity of the cardiovascular system to deliver blood to capillaries in the systemic circulation, but properties of this vascular system have not produced an explanation for the scaling of MMR.

Results
Here we focus on the pulmonary circulation where resistance to blood flow (impedance) places a limit on the rate that blood can be pumped through the lungs before pulmonary edema occurs. The maximum pressure gradient that does not produce edema determines the maximum rate that blood can flow through the pulmonary veins without compromising the diffusing capacity of oxygen. We show that modeling the pulmonary venous tree as a fractal-like vascular network leads to a scaling equation for maximum cardiac output that predicts MMR as a function of M as well as the conventional power function aM

b
does and that least-squares regression estimates of the equation's slope-determining parameter correspond closely to the value of the parameter calculated directly from Murray's law.

Conclusion
The assumption that cardiac output at the MMR is limited by pulmonary capillary pressures that produce edema leads to a model that is in agreement with experimental measurements of MMR scaling, and the rate of blood flow in pulmonary veins may be rate-limiting for the pathway of oxygen.
Illegal births and legal abortions – the case of China
Authors: Hemminki Elina , Wu Zhuochun , Cao Guiying , Viisainen Kirsi 
Published: August 2005

Abstract

Background
China has a national policy regulating the number of children that a woman is allowed to have. The central concept at the individual level application is "illegal pregnancy". The purpose of this article is to describe and problematicize the concept of illegal pregnancy and its use in practice.

Methods
Original texts and previous published and unpublished reports and statistics were used.

Results
By 1979 the Chinese population policy was clearly a policy of controlling population growth. For a pregnancy to be legal, it has to be defined as such according to the family-level eligibility rules, and in some places it has to be within the local quota. Enforcement of the policy has been pursued via the State Family Planning (FP) Commission and the Communist Party (CP), both of which have a functioning vertical structure down to the lowest administrative units. There are various incentives and disincentives for families to follow the policy. An extensive system has been created to keep the contraceptive use and pregnancy status of all married women at reproductive age under constant surveillance. In the early 1990s FP and CP officials were made personally responsible for meeting population targets. Since 1979, abortion has been available on request, and the ratio of legal abortions to birth increased in the 1980s and declined in the 1990s. Similar to what happens in other Asian countries with low fertility rates and higher esteem for boys, both national- and local-level data show that an unnaturally greater number of boys than girls are registered as having been born.

Conclusion
Defining a pregnancy as "illegal" and carrying out the surveillance of individual women are phenomena unique in China, but this does not apply to other features of the policy. The moral judgment concerning the policy depends on the basic question of whether reproduction should be considered as an individual or social decision.
Stride-to-stride variability while backward counting among healthy young adults
Authors: Beauchet Olivier , Dubost Véronique , Herrmann François R , Kressig Reto W 
Published: August 2005

Abstract

Background
Little information exists about the involvement of attention in the control of gait rhythmicity. Variability of both stride time and stride length is closely related to the control of the rhythmic stepping mechanism. We sought 1) to determine whether backward counting while walking could provoke significant gait changes in mean values and coefficients of variation of stride velocity, stride time and stride length among healthy young adults; and 2) to establish whether change in stride-to-stride variability could be related to dual-task related stride velocity change, attention, or both.

Methods
Mean values and coefficients of variation of stride velocity, stride time and stride length were recorded using the Physilog®-system, at a self-selected walking speed in 49 healthy young adults (mean age 24.1 ± 2.8 years, women 49%) while walking alone and walking with simultaneous backward counting. Performance on backward counting was evaluated by recording the number of figures counted while sitting alone and while walking.

Results
Compared with walking alone, a significant dual-task-related decrease was found for the mean values of stride velocity (p < 0.001), along with a small but significant increase for the mean values and coefficients of variation of stride time (p < 0.001 and p = 0.015, respectively). Stride length parameters did not change significantly between both walking conditions. Dual-task-related increase of coefficient of variation of stride time was explained by changing stride velocity and variability between subjects but not by backward counting. The number of figures counted while walking decreased significantly compared to backward counting alone. Further, the dual-task related decrease of the number of enumerated figures was significantly higher than the dual-task related decrease of stride velocity (p = 0.013).

Conclusion
The observed performance-changes in gait and backward counting while dual tasking confirm that certain aspects of walking are attention-demanding in young adults. In the tested group of 49 young volunteers, dual tasking caused a small decrease in stride velocity and a slight increase in the stride-to-stride variability of stride time, while stride velocity variability was not affected by the attention-demanding task. The increase in stride time variability was apparently the result of a change in gait speed, but not a result of dual tasking. This suggests that young adults require minimal attention for the control of the rhythmic stepping mechanism while walking.
Clarifying the role of three-dimensional transvaginal sonography in reproductive medicine: an evidenced-based appraisal
Authors: Raine-Fenning Nick , Fleischer Arthur C 
Published: August 2005

Abstract

This overview describes and illustrates the clinical applications of three-dimensional transvaginal sonography in reproductive medicine. Its main applications include assessment of uterine anomalies, intrauterine pathology, tubal patency, polycystic ovaries, ovarian follicular monitoring and endometrial receptivity. It is also useful for detailed evaluation of failed and/or ectopic pregnancy. Three-dimensional color Doppler sonography provides enhanced depiction of uterine, endometrial, and ovarian vascularity.
Real-Time PCR Assays Targeting a Unique Chromosomal Sequence of Yersinia pestis
Authors: Chase Catherine J , Ulrich Melanie P , Wasieloski Leonard P , Kondig John P , Garrison Jeffrey , Lindler Luther E , Kulesh David A 
Published: August 2005

AbstractBackground: Yersinia pestis, the causative agent of the zoonotic infection plague, is a major concern as a potential bioweapon. Current real-time PCR assays used for Y. pestis detection are based on plasmid targets, some of which may generate false-positive results.Methods: Using the yp48 gene of Y. pestis, we designed and tested 2 real-time TaqMan® minor groove binder (MGB) assays that allowed us to use chromosomal genes as both confirmatory and differential targets for Y. pestis. We also designed several additional assays using both Simple-Probe® and MGB Eclipse™ probe technologies for the selective differentiation of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis from Y. pestis. These assays were designed around a 25-bp insertion site recently identified within the yp48 gene of Y. pseudotuberculosis.Results: The Y. pestis-specific assay distinguished this bacterium from other Yersinia species but had unacceptable low-level detection of Y. pseudotuberculosis, a closely related species. Simple-Probe and MGB Eclipse probes specific for the 25-bp insertion detected only Y. pseudotuberculosis DNA. Probes that spanned the deletion site detected both Y. pestis and Y. pseudotuberculosis DNA, and the 2 species were clearly differentiated by a post-PCR melting temperature (Tm) analysis. The Simple-Probe assay produced an almost 7 °C Tm difference and the MGB Eclipse probe a slightly more than 4 °C difference.Conclusions: Our method clearly discriminates Y. pestis DNA from all other Yersinia species tested and from the closely related Y. pseudotuberculosis. These chromosomal assays are important both to verify the presence of Y. pestis based on a chromosomal target and to easily distinguish it from Y. pseudotuberculosis.