bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Ontology of Musical Works and the Authenticity of their Performances1
Authors: Davies Stephen 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The authentic-performance movement is a phenomenon of the last fifty years. Once one could rarely find a recording of baroque music played on the original instruments and such performances were often lame and faltering because of the players’ unfamiliarity with the instruments and with the appropriate performance practices. Now, it is difficult to find a recording of such music not played in the ‘authentic manner’ and different orchestras vie with each other in the vibrancy of their interpretations.
Authenticity in Musical Performance1
Authors: Davies Stephen 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The adjective ‘authentic’ has a number of meanings that no doubt are related. But I am not here interested in the unity of the concept, nor in the relative primacy of these different meanings. Nor shall I discuss one familiar notion of musical authenticity—that in which a performance is authentic with respect to a style or genre. My limited interest is in the authenticity of musical performances as performances of particular compositions (which are independently identified with event specifications that, in the case of the Western cultural tradition on which I shall concentrate, take the form of musical scores).
So, You Want to Sing with the Beatles? Too Late!1
Authors: Davies Stephen 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
I have always wanted to play Brahms’s Violin Concerto with the Vienna Philharmonic. I am thwarted in this ambition by my inability to play the violin. Even if I were competent, though, I might have difficulty arranging a gig with the Vienna Philharmonic. Given my lack of charisma and sex appeal, it is likely they would prefer to employ Vanessa-Mae. But all is not lost. Thanks to the wonders of recording technology, I have the chance to play the soloist’s part in a performance that is accompanied by an orchestra of skilled professionals. I can buy a music-minus-one recording.2 I have already mastered the use of the record player. Once I have acquired the skill to control horsehair, catgut, and wood, seemingly nothing can keep me from the fulfillment of my goal.
The Expression of Emotion in Music1
Authors: Davies Stephen 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this chapter I attempt to analyze the expression of emotion in music. The field of interest is restricted in two ways. First, by distinguishing between the expression of emotion in music and the expression of emotion through music. Here I am concerned only with the former; that is, with the emotions that music may be said to express in itself, and not with the emotions that may be given expression through the act of composition, or through the performance of music, or through a dramatic context in which music plays a part. This distinction suggests a second restriction, this time on the type of music to be discussed. If there is a problem in claiming that emotions may be expressed in music, then it is one that will be at its most obvious and acute in ‘pure’ music unencumbered by drama or words that may be expressive in them selves. For this reason opera, ballet, song, music with literary titles such as La Mer, and so on are specifically excluded from the discussion.
Life and Society in the Hittite World
Authors: Bryce Trevor 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In dealing with a wide range of aspects of the life, activities, and customs of the Late Bronze Age Hittite world, this book complements the treatment of Hittite military and political history presented by the author in The Kingdom of the Hittites (OUP, 1998). It aims to convey to the reader a sense of what it was like to live amongst the people of the Hittite world, to participate in their celebrations, to share their crises, to meet them in the streets of the capital or in their homes, to experience the sights, sounds, and smells of a healing ritual, to attend an audience with the Great King, and to follow his progress in festival processions to the holy places of the Hittite land. Through quotations from the original sources and through the word pictures to which these give rise, the book aims at recreating, as far as is possible, the daily lives and experiences of a people who for a time became the supreme political and military power in the ancient Near East.
The Warrior
Authors: Bryce Trevor 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Someone has recently come up with the estimate that since the beginning of recorded history scarcely more than three hundred years have been free of major wars. To put this another way, if we were to take at random any period of a hundred years in the last five thousand, we could expect ninety-four of them on average to be occupied with large-scale conflicts in one or more parts of the The immediate causes of these conflicts have varied.
The Gods
Authors: Bryce Trevor 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Quite apart from other considerations, monotheistic religions like Christianity, Judaism, and Islam have one great advantage over their polytheistic counterparts: communication with one’s god is generally a much simpler, more straightforward process. Worshippers in a multi godded world have to deal with a plethora of deities, and constantly nm the risk of incurring divine wrath by failing to identify which specific one needs supplicating or placating on a particular occasion. And when appeal is made to a number of gods, 1.here is always the danger of inadvertently leaving out one or two, who will certainly take offence.
Death, Buriat and the Afterlife
Authors: Bryce Trevor 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The scent of woodsmoke mingles With the early morning mists. Wraith-like wisps of steam rise here and there as the women, shivering involuntarily in the cold, crisp air of the Anatolian plateau at first light. move among the charred remains of the pyre, pouring beer and wine and washi--drink1 from their pitchen; upon that still shouldering embers. They sift through the debris, searching for the blackened bones of the deceased. Each bone when found is carefully ex1racted with a pair of tongs and immersed in a bowl of oil, to cleanse it. Tongs and bowl arc of silver, the metal of puriy. The bones are taken from the vessel, and wrapped in linen cloth of the finest quality.
Work-Lifestyle Choices in the 21st Century
Authors: Hakim Catherine 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this book, Hakim presents a new, multi-disciplinary theory for explaining and predicting current and future patterns of women’s choice between employment and family work. Preference theory is the first theory developed specifically to explain women’s behaviour and choices. As such, it constitutes a major break from male-centred theorizing to date in sociology and economics. Preference theory is grounded on the substantial body of new research on women’s work and fertility that has flourished within feminist scholarship. It identifies five major historical changes that collectively are producing a qualitatively new scenario for women in prosperous societies in the 21st century. Throughout the analysis, the USA and Britain illustrate what the new scenario means for women, how it alters their preferences and work-lifestyles choices. Hakim also reviews research evidence on contemporary developments across Europe, Canada, Australia, Japan, and the far East to develop a new theory that is genuine international in perspective.
Names
Authors: Dickey Eleanor 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Name S are of central importance to the Latin address system, so much so that in some situations, despite all the other types of address available, a speaker prefers to ask an interlocutor’s name before addressing him or her. 0ur data contain 5,948 addresses consisting only of names and an additional 532 combining names with other words, together representing 42% of the total data and making address by name by far the most common type of address in Latin.
Kinship Terms
Authors: Dickey Eleanor 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In Seneca’s Phaedra, Hippolytus sees mater ‘mother’ as a soothing address for his distressed stepmother, while she, burdened by her incestuous love for him, recoils from the address and suggests a different kinship term before deciding to abandon kinship metaphors entirely (cf. Boyle 1985: 1330-1).
Insults
Authors: Dickey Eleanor 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Both of the above addresses are insults, though it is not easy for modern readers to understand why. Many Latin insults are hard to understand in one way or another, and perhaps as a result the scholarly study of insults began at an earlier period than that of most address forms. Unfortunately the different works on insults tend to be isolated from each other, due in part to the extreme obscurity of some of the publications involved, and this has led to some duplication of effort. In order to alleviate this problem in the future, I am providing here a much fuller summary of previous research than is offered in other chapters.
Addresses between Known People without any Special Attachment to One Another
Authors: Dickey Eleanor 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We have so far investigated the ways in which all of the major elements of the Latin address system were used, and it is now time to turn to the question of how these different terms interacted with one another. What was the normal way for a Roman to address his brother, his patron, or his slave? Were there differences in the way men and women were addressed? When more than one type of address was common for a given type of interaction, was there any difference in meaning between the two? These and similar questions form the focus of the second part of this work.
Addresses to Strangers and Nameless Characters
Authors: Dickey Eleanor 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The fact that names play such a major part in the classical Latin address system means that addresses directed to unknown or nameless people are very different from those used in normal interactions. Of course, nameless people did not exist in Rome, but they do exist in virtually every genre of Latin literature and thus provide an identifiable and not insignificant part of the literary address system. Moreover, examination of the addresses to unknown and to nameless characters reveals that in most cases address to the nameless ones follows the same pattern as address to the unknown ones. Such agreement is only to be expected, since the two situations caused the same problems for a speaker of Latin. In most cases, therefore, nameless addressees can provide us with additional data on addresses to unknown addressees, and as a result the two categories will be discussed together, except in contexts where the treatment of nameless addressees can be observed to differ.
Addresses to and from Non-Humans
Authors: Dickey Eleanor 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Most addresses in Latin literature are spoken by one human being to another, but a substantial minority are directed towards non-human entities such as cities, animals, or objects, and a few are even spoken by non-humans. The largest group of non-human addressees consists of divinities, but as noted in the Introduction (p. 22), the language of prayer is excluded from this study. Leaving aside the divinities, then, places form the largest group of non-humans in our data.
Dio’s Life and Works
Authors: Swain Simon 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Dio Chrysostom ( c. AD 4 5-II 5) is one of the leading figures of the Second Sophistic, the name we give to the renaissance of Greek culture and politics during the High Roman Empire. His surviving writings comprise some seventy-six essays and speeches on a wide range of topics (see the list of works, including spuria, at the end of this Preface). They are united by a common interest in the legacy of classical culture and the problems and prospects for Hellenism under Roman rule.
Agrarian Change in Late Antiquity Gold, Labour, and Aristocratic Dominance
Authors: Banaji Jairus 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The economy of the late antique Mediterranean is still largely seen through the prism of Weber's influential essay of 1896. Rejecting that orthodoxy, this book argues that the late empire saw substantial economic and social change, propelled by the powerful stimulus of a stable gold coinage that circulated widely. In successive chapters Dr Banaji adduces fresh evidence for the prosperity of the late Roman countryside, the expanding circulation of gold, the restructuring of agrarian elites, and the extensive use of paid labour, above all in the period spanning the fifth to seventh centuries. The papyrological evidence is scrutinised in detail to show that a key development entailed the rise of a new aristocracy whose estates were immune to the devastating fragmentation of partible inheritance, extensively irrigated, and responsive to market opportunities.The study offers a new perspective on the still largely contested issues of the use and control of labour, arguing that the East Mediterranean saw a considerable expansion of wage employment. A concluding chapter defines the more general issue raised by the aristocracy's involvement in the monetary and business economy of the period. Exploiting a wide range of sources, Agrarian Change in Late Antiquity weaves together different strands of historiography (Weber, Mickwitz, papyrology, agrarian history) into a fascinating interpretation that challenges the minimalist orthodoxies about late antiquity and the ancient economy.
The Later Middle Ages
Authors: Murray Alexander 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We live in a time of zeal for standardizing terms, like weights and measures, or even the word ‘chocolate ‘. The enthusiasm has not got as far as medieval history, happily, so that the ‘High Middle Ages ‘ can mean quite different periods in Germany and Italy, and two books I know in English say they are about the ‘Central Middle Ages ‘, but cover periods two centuries apart. We can all think of examples. So let me just say that this lecture, following the elegant carpentry of the series, will cover western Christianity between 1ooo and 15oo. Perhaps, though, I should add a word to say why I expressed happiness just now, not scandal, at the confusion of medieval terminology.
The Twentieth Century
Authors: Hastings Adrian 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
When reflecting on the achievement and lasting significance of any earlier century, one has the considerable advantage not only of distance, but also of knowledge of a subsequent century against which to examine one ‘s own subject. For the twentieth we do not have this. Hence it remains not only the clearest in our minds, given that we have all experienced a part of it and have a far greater mountain of available information than for any previous one, but also the obscurest. The nearer we are to now, the less we can be sure about which way the train is going and what will be its next stop. Without some knowledge of the hereafter, information about the nearly present is almost un assessable in terms of its real significance.
Prospect
Authors: Harries Richard 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
During the 1960s sociologists of religion suggested that the world was experiencing an irreversible process of secularization. Then sharper questions began to be asked about the criteria which were being used. At one time it was reported that there were 40,000 professional fortune tellers in France, a greater number than there were priests, and that some of these were being employed by companies when making business decisions. This fact, which is reflected in the vast numbers of people who read their horoscope, may indicate a number of things, but it is hardly the mark of a secular society. One phenomenon which the early exponents of secularization could not account for was the United States of America. This was and is at once the most modern society in the world and one of the most religious.
The Employment Behaviour of Married Women in Italy
Authors: Bernardi Fabrizio 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
THE aim of this study is to analyse the mechanism that accounts for married women’s participation in the labour market. More specifically I will be studying the processes that take some women out of the labour market as housewives, as well as the processes taking or keeping other women in it. It has recently been shown that the employment behaviour of married women is strongly dependent on events related to the family life course and, particularly, the partner’s parallel career (Bernasco 1994; Bernasco et al. 1998). Following this longitudinal approach, in my analysis of the mechanism responsible for female participation in the labour market, I focus on two questions. First,
Employment Patterns in Hungarian Couples
Authors: Róbert Péter , Bukodi Erzsébet , Luijkx Ruud 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Although researchers tend to agree that the family is the proper unit of stratification, most studies have been based on individuals rather than families. Class position, measured either by the EGP classification (Erikson et al. 1979; Erikson and Goldthorpe 1992) or by Wright’s class scheme (1979, 1985, 1997), is based on individual characteristics. Most of the status attainment analyses are based on the classic model by Blau and Duncan (1967) where social origin is taken into account, but how present family or events of family formation contribute to the process of stratification is investigated less.
Job-Shift Patterns of Husbands and Wives in Urban China*
Authors: Zhou Xueguang , Moen Phyllis 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter examines the workplace location and labour-force experiences (especially job shifts) of husbands and wives in urban China. As the theme of this book indicates, there has been increasing interest in considering the family (or couple) as the unit of analysis in studying patterns of labourmarket participation and social stratification processes. Curtis (1986: 168) has argued that’attention to family household is essential in the understanding of the social organization of inequality in complex societies’, noting how the redistribution of resources and power within a family is structured by the larger social processes in the broader society. Following this line of argument, we treat the family, and especially the husband-wife dyad, as a critical intervening process in social stratification, examining how the spousal dyad mediates stratification processes and affects changes in individuals’ life chances.
Shakespeare’s view of the world
Authors: Bartels Emily C 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
To survey the corpus of Shakespeare’s plays, especially those that engage historical events, is to see England as the organizing centre of the universe. In Shakespeare’s Richard II (1595), John of Gaunt eulogizes that ‘little world’ as an ‘earth of majesty’, a ‘seat of Mars’, a ‘fortress built by nature for herself’ (2.1.41-45).
Unfamiliar Shakespeare
Authors: Armstrong Alan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
For a variety of reasons over the past four centuries, some of Shakespeare’s plays have become more equal than others. In our time, familiarity with Shakespeare implies knowledge of such plays as A Midsummer Night’s Dream, Romeo and Juliet, Henry IV Part One, Henry V, Much Ado About Nothing, Twel h Night, Hamlet, Macbeth, King Lear, The Tempest. But nearly a third of the playwright’s work lies outside the scope of the ordinary reader or playgoer who ‘knows’ Shakespeare.
Psychoanalytic criticisms
Authors: Enterline Lynn 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The history of the relationship between psychoanalysis and criticism of Shakespeare as of Renaissance literature and culture more generally-is rich and complex. The reasons for this are several. First, as the considerable distance between popular and academic versions of ‘Freud’ testifies, the significance of Freud’s legacy is still hotly contested between various psychoanalytic, philosophical, and political schools of thought. His work has been both influential and divisive across a number of disciplines.
Shapes of the Gods
Authors: Buxton Richard 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We have already noticed many individual cases of the transformation of Greek divinities: gods who change into birds in Homeric epic; multiform Dionysos in tragedy and in Nonnos; contrasting evocations of the transformed Zeus in visual art and in Moschos; self-changing nymphs in Apollonios. In the first half of the present chapter I comment on three more aspects of the relationship between metamorphosis and Greek notions of divinity: namely, the gods’ motivation for changing their form, the astonishment generated by their self-changing, and the possibility that certain gods are especially prone to change. In the second part of the chapter I suggest, against the background of some comparative material, how metamorphosis stories can be brought to bear on the question: how anthropomorphic was Greek religion?
The Human Aetiology of Landscape
Authors: Buxton Richard 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Self-transformations of the gods are endlessly repeatable whenever a divinity should wish it. But another type of metamorphosis represents a unique and pivotal moment within a linear narrative about genesis and aetiology, a moment which radically demarcates After from Before. Such a narrative describes how a mortal’s existence can be indefinitely prolonged through transformation, becoming literally re-incorporated into what, from the perspective of ancient myth-tellers, is the present. According to this perspective, it is not that the world has ‘evolved’; rather, the world owes certain aspects of its present condition to a series of one-off transitions which took place in the mythical past. This chapter and the next will look at two examples of this kind of transition.
Plants, Trees, and Human Form
Authors: Buxton Richard 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Tales of the transformation of human beings into features of the landscape suggest that the heroic-mythological past could be perceived, at some level and in some contexts, as living on within the present world of the myth-tellers. The same may be said of stories which narrate the transformation of human beings into plants or trees. However, narratives of unmediated metamorphoses into plants or trees are quite rare. In order to locate such narratives, we need to set them against the background of other Greek beliefs about the permeability of the boundary between plant life and the life of anthropomorphic beings, whether human or divine.
Introduction
Authors: Skoie Mathilde 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The object of this study is to take a closer look at some mechanisms at stake when reading a piece of Latin literature through an historical study of commentaries on the so-called Sulpicia poems (Corpus Tibullianum 3.13–18). These commentaries are line-by-line ‘guides’ to the text that represent historical readings that focus on issues ranging from textual criticism to realia information and aesthetics. Despite different explicit emphases on interpretational matters in these commentaries, it is the proposition of this study that the genre of commentaries is hermeneutic by nature, that is, it is fundamentally a genre that deals with the act of interpretation. Through a historical investigation of commentaries I wish to highlight the modes of reading operative in different interpretative communities in order to display the interpretative strategies at play.
The rise of the signori
Authors: Dean Trevor 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Italian communes of the thirteenth century have been celebrated both for their re-creation of the institutions and methods of ancient democracy, and for their anticipation of the achievements of modern states in defining and achieving secular political goals.1 At a time when western Europe was dominated by monarchies, political participation in the Italian communes was widened beyond the families of a narrow elite. Appointment to the communes’ executive boards and committees was based not on wealth or rank or seniority but on election or the drawing of lots.