bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cigarros eletrônicos e estresse em estudantes de medicina: dados preliminares
Authors: Amaral Mariah Duarte Gantos do , Monteiro Amanda Rainha , Silveira Leticia Nunes Campista , Andretti Fabrício Viana , Lima Daniel José Matos de Medeiros 
Published: November 2023

Introdução: Uma realidade presente na vida dos acadêmicos de medicina, o estresse, pode afetar a saúde física e mental, além de contribuir para o uso de cigarros eletrônicos (CE). Popular entre os jovens, principalmente no ambiente acadêmico, o CE é uma inovação disruptiva e provoca efeito deletério para a saúde. Objetivos: Identificar o nível de dependência de CE em estudantes de medicina e sua relação com o estresse. Metodologia: Estudo de corte transversal de caráter analítico com estudantes da Faculdade de Medicina de Campos (CEP 40145420.0.0000.5244). Foram aplicados dois questionários online: Inventário de Sintomas de Estresse para Adultos de Lipp (ISSL) e o Índice de Dependência de Cigarros Eletrônicos da Penn State (PS-ECDI) adaptado para português. Na 1ª fase até setembro/23, foram obtidos 253 participantes. Em outubro será concluída a amostra com 95% de grau de confiança e 3% de margem de erro. Após a conclusão, serão realizados os testes estatísticos de associação qui-quadrado de Pearson no Minitab 18, para determinar se as duas variáveis qualitativas categóricas (nível de estresse e de dependência de CE) estão associadas, com nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: Dos 253 participantes até o momento: 53,8% do sexo feminino e 46,2% masculino. O ISSL revela as seguintes categorias: 43,1% “sem estresse”, e 56,9% com algum grau de estresse. O PS-ECDI mostra que 49,0% dos estudantes foram considerados não fumantes 51,0% apresentam algum nível de dependência. Os dados de correlação serão obtidos ao final da 2ª fase da pesquisa com a amostra concluída. Conclusão: Foi possível observar até o momento que mais de 50% dos estudantes apresentam algum nível de estresse bem como algum nível de dependência do CE.
QUALITATIVE STUDY OF INTERNAL FACTORS AFFECTING ADOLESCENT PREGNANCY IN INDRAMAYU DISTRICT
Authors: Aryanti Mira , Apriliani Purwandyarti , Anggita Intan , Murni Dewi Eka Stia 
Published: November 2023

Background: Teenage pregnancy is a pregnancy in women aged 11-19 years. Pregnancy at a young age increases the risk for both mother and child. Babies born to teenage mothers are more likely to have low birth weight (LBW) with a risk of long-term effects. Pregnancy and childbirth complications are the causes of death for adolescent mothers aged 15-19 years. The Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) in Indramayu in 2018 there were 61 cases while the Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) in Indramayu in 2018 there were 242 cases. Data on teenage pregnancies at the Puskesmas in the Indramayu District area from January to May 2019 were 36 cases. Puskesmas Margadadi and Puskesmas Plumbon are puskesmas located in the working area of ​​the Indramayu sub-district which is located in the city area, with many cases of teenage pregnancy in urban areas one of the reasons is the large number of junior high and high school schools and equivalent, and many migrants who will continue in the region city. The research objective was to analyze internal factors that could affect teenage pregnancy in Indramayu District, Indramayu Regency
Methods: Qualitative research using in-depth interviews. The sample used was 8 pregnant women aged 11-19 years who met the inclusion criteria and did not meet the exclusion criteria. Research time is November 2019-January 2020.
Results: The factors that influence teenage pregnancy in Indramayu District, Indramayu Regency include biological factors which include desire for sexual intercourse, cognitive factors which include apriori education and teenage marriage.
Conclusion: Internal factors that influence teenage pregnancy in Indramayu District, Indramayu Regency are Biological factors, cognitive factors and adolescent marriage.
The impact of surgery and oncological treatment on risk of type 2 diabetes onset in patients with colorectal cancer: nationwide cohort study in Denmark
Authors: Krag Caroline , Svane Maria Saur , Madsbad Sten , Graversen Susanne Boel , Christensen Jesper Frank , Sørensen Thorkild IA , Lehrskov Louise Lang , Laurberg Tinne 
Published: November 2023

Background:Comorbidity with type 2 diabetes (T2D) results in worsening of cancer-specific and overall prognosis in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. The treatment of CRC per se may be diabetogenic. We assessed the impact of different types of surgical cancer resections and oncological treatment on risk of T2D development in CRC patients.Methods:We developed a population-based cohort study including all Danish CRC patients, who had undergone CRC surgery between 2001 and 2018. Using nationwide register data, we identified and followed patients from date of surgery and until new onset of T2D, death, or end of follow-up.Results:In total, 46,373 CRC patients were included and divided into six groups according to type of surgical resection: 10,566 Right-No-Chemo (23%), 4645 Right-Chemo (10%), 10,151 Left-No-Chemo (22%), 5257 Left-Chemo (11%), 9618 Rectal-No-Chemo (21%), and 6136 Rectal-Chemo (13%). During 245,466 person-years of follow-up, 2556 patients developed T2D. The incidence rate (IR) of T2D was highest in the Left-Chemo group 11.3 (95% CI: 10.4–12.2) per 1000 person-years and lowest in the Rectal-No-Chemo group 9.6 (95% CI: 8.8–10.4). Between-group unadjusted hazard ratio (HR) of developing T2D was similar and non-significant. In the adjusted analysis, Rectal-No-Chemo was associated with lower T2D risk (HR 0.86 [95% CI 0.75–0.98]) compared to Right-No-Chemo.For all six groups, an increased level of body mass index (BMI) resulted in a nearly twofold increased risk of developing T2D.Conclusions:This study suggests that postoperative T2D screening should be prioritised in CRC survivors with overweight/obesity regardless of type of CRC treatment applied.Funding:The Novo Nordisk Foundation (NNF17SA0031406); TrygFonden (101390; 20045; 125132).
Parasites Observed in Urine Sediments: A Rare but Convincing Truth
Authors: Siagian Forman Erwin 
Published: November 2023

Aim: To reveal the urgency to understand and augment the recognizance of the possibility existence of parasitic materials on cytological evaluation of urine.
Discussion: Urine is always contemplated as an ideal diagnostic specimen due to its direct and easiness to collect that surely non-invasive. Three common parasites that can be found in urine are Trichomonas vaginalis, Schistosoma hematobium and microfilaria of Wuchereria bancrofti. Other parasites and parasitic ova may also be seen in urinary sediments as a result of fecal or vaginal contamination. Urine Parasitological analysis embraces a wide expansive areas of tests, which comprise an assortment of physico-macroscopic analysis, microscopic analysis on cells and Parasite-bacterial appearance, parasite and microbe cultures, chemical tests, and even can be extended up to molecular identification. Importantly, from urine samples, a confirmed Parasitological diagnosis (and also Microbiology and other kind of disease) can be made through definite tests.
Conclusion: In the context of allegation of parasite as an etiological agent, thorough morphological detection via careful sediment microscopic analysis helps in making early and correct diagnosis in most cases.
Screening, Referral, Behavioral Counseling, and Preventive Interventions for Oral Health in Adults
Authors: Chou Roger , Selph Shelley S. , Bougatsos Christina , Nix Chad , Ahmed Azrah , Griffin Jessica , Schwarz Eli 
Published: November 2023

ImportanceDental caries and periodontal disease are common adult oral health conditions and potentially amenable to primary care screening and prevention.ObjectiveTo systematically review the evidence on primary care screening and prevention of dental caries and periodontal disease in adults to inform the US Preventive Services Task Force.Data SourcesMEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (to October 3, 2022); surveillance through July 21, 2023.Study SelectionDiagnostic accuracy studies of primary care screening instruments and oral examination; randomized and nonrandomized trials of screening and preventive interventions; cohort studies on primary care oral health screening and preventive intervention harms.Data Extraction and SynthesisOne investigator abstracted data; a second checked accuracy. Two investigators independently rated study quality. Diagnostic accuracy data were pooled using a bivariate mixed-effects binary regression model.Main Outcomes and MeasuresDental caries, periodontal disease, morbidity, quality of life, harms; and diagnostic test accuracy.ResultsFive randomized clinical trials, 5 nonrandomized trials, and 6 observational studies (total 3300 participants) were included. One poor-quality trial (n = 477) found no difference between oral health screening during pregnancy vs no screening in caries, periodontal disease, or birth outcomes. One study (n = 86) found oral health examination by 2 primary care clinicians associated with low sensitivity (0.42 and 0.56) and high specificity (0.84 and 0.87) for periodontal disease and with variable sensitivity (0.33 and 0.83) and high specificity (0.80 and 0.93) for dental caries. Four studies (n = 965) found screening questionnaires associated with a pooled sensitivity of 0.72 (95% CI, 0.57-0.83) and specificity of 0.74 (95% CI, 0.66-0.82) for periodontal disease. For preventive interventions no study evaluated primary care counseling or dental referral, and evidence from 2 poor-quality trials (n = 178) of sealants, and 1 fair-quality and 4 poor-quality trials (n = 971) of topical fluorides, was insufficient. Three fair-quality trials (n = 590) of persons with mean age 72 to 80 years found silver diamine fluoride solution associated with fewer new root caries lesions or fillings vs placebo (mean reduction, −0.33 to −1.3) and decreased likelihood of new root caries lesion (2 trials; adjusted odds ratio, 0.4 [95% CI, 0.3-0.7]). No trial evaluated primary care–administered preventive interventions.Conclusions and RelevanceScreening questionnaires were associated with moderate diagnostic accuracy for periodontal disease. Research is needed to determine benefits and harms of oral health primary care screening and preventive interventions.
A Highly‐Efficient Boron Interstitially Inserted Ru Anode Catalyst for Anion Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells
Authors: Han Pengyu , Yang Xinyi , Wu Liqing , Jia Hongnan , Chen Jingchao , Shi Wenwen , Cheng Gongzhen , Luo Wei 
Published: November 2023

AbstractDeveloping high‐performance electrocatalysts for alkaline hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) is crucial for the commercialization of anion exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFCs). Here, boron interstitially inserted ruthenium (B‐Ru/C) is synthesized and used as an anode catalyst for AEMFC, achieving a peak power density of 1.37 W cm−2, close to the state‐of‐the‐art commercial PtRu catalyst. Unexpectedly, instead of the monotonous decline of HOR kinetics with pH as generally believed, an inflection point behavior in the pH‐dependent HOR kinetics on B‐Ru/C is observed, showing an anomalous behavior that the HOR activity under alkaline electrolyte surpasses acidic electrolyte. Experimental results and density functional theory calculations reveal that the upshifted d‐band center of Ru after the intervention of interstitial boron can lead to enhanced adsorption ability of OH and H2O, which together with the reduced energy barrier of water formation, contributes to the outstanding alkaline HOR performance with a mass activity of 1.716 mA µgPGM−1, which is 13.4‐fold and 5.2‐fold higher than that of Ru/C and commercial Pt/C, respectively.
An “AND” Logic‐Gated Prodrug Micelle Locally Stimulates Antitumor Immunity
Authors: Chen Mengqi , Wang Chunhong , Wang Xuanyu , Tu Zhiyu , Ding Zexuan , Liu Zhibo 
Published: November 2023

AbstractMaterials that can respond to multiple biomarkers simultaneously, acting as an “AND” gate, have the potential to enhance tumor‐targeting for drug delivery. In this study, an “AND” logic‐controlled release prodrug micelle is developed for codelivering the chemotherapeutic and the stimulator of interferon genes (STING) agonist, enabling precise combinatorial therapy. The drug release is programmed by tumor‐enriched boramino acids (BAA) in the tumor microenvironment and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), resulting in enhanced tumor targeting. STING agonist is successfully encapsulated into prodrug micelles through π–π stacking and hydrophobic interactions. These AND logic‐gated prodrug micelles can achieve tumor‐targeted delivery of STING agonist, leading to significantly enhanced immune activation and antitumor efficacy in vivo. It is expected that this clinically relevant nanoplatform will provide a rational design of an effective immunotherapy combination regimen to convert immunologically “cold” tumors to immunogenic “hot” tumors, addressing the major challenges faced by immunotherapies.
Ultrathin, Cationic Covalent Organic Nanosheets for Enhanced CO2 Electroreduction to Methanol
Authors: Song Yun , Guo Peng , Ma Tinghao , Su Jianjun , Huang Libei , Guo Weihua , Liu Yong , Li Geng , Xin Yinger , Zhang Qiang , Zhang Siwei , Shen Hanchen , Feng Xing , Yang Dengtao , Tian Jia , Ravi Sai Kishore , Tang Ben Zhong , Ye Ruquan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractMetalloporphyrins and metallophthalocyanines emerge as popular building blocks to develop covalent organic nanosheets (CONs) for CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR). However, existing CONs predominantly yield CO, posing a challenge in achieving efficient methanol production through multielectron reduction. Here, ultrathin, cationic, and cobalt‐phthalocyanine‐based CONs (iminium‐CONs) are reported for electrochemical CO2‐to‐CH3OH conversion. The integration of quaternary iminium groups enables the formation of ultrathin morphology with uniformly anchored cobalt active sites, which are pivotal for facilitating rapid multielectron transfer. Moreover, the cationic iminium‐CONs exhibit a lower activity for hydrogen evolution side reaction. Consequently, iminium‐CONs manifest significantly enhanced selectivity for methanol production, as evidenced by a remarkable 711% and 270% improvement in methanol partial current density (jCH3OH) compared to pristine CoTAPc and neutral imine‐CONs, respectively. Under optimized conditions, iminium‐CONs deliver a high jCH3OH of 91.7 mA cm−2 at −0.78 V in a flow cell. Further, iminium‐CONs achieve a global methanol Faradaic efficiency (FECH3OH) of 54% in a tandem device. Thanks to the single‐site feature, the methanol is produced without the concurrent generation of other liquid byproducts. This work underscores the potential of cationic covalent organic nanosheets as a compelling platform for electrochemical six‐electron reduction of CO2 to methanol.
Anhydrous Carbene Insertion Reactions: A Synthetic Platform for DNA‐Encoded Library
Authors: Su Xiao‐can , Shi Wen‐xia , Zhang Yue , Xiao Wen‐jie , Xue Jia‐ying , Zhu Xin‐hai , Yan Ming , Zhang Xue‐jing 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAn operationally simple anhydrous carbene insertion reaction to construct DNA‐encoded libraries (DEL) is reported. The developed reaction employs visible light photolysis of diazo compounds and Reversible Adsorption to Solid Support (RASS) strategy. From readily available amines, alcohols, phenols, and carboxylic acids, a variety of high‐value molecules, including useful unnatural amino acids, ethers, and esters, promising clinical drug derivatives, and bioactive molecules have been constructed.
Challenges Coexist with Opportunities: Spatial Heterogeneity Expression of PD‐L1 in Cancer Therapy
Authors: Wang Yazhen , Zhou Yang , Yang Lianyi , Lei Lei , He Bin , Cao Jun , Gao Huile 
Published: November 2023

AbstractCancer immunotherapy using anti‐programmed death‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1) antibodies has been used in various clinical applications and achieved certain results. However, such limitations as autoimmunity, tumor hyperprogression, and overall low patient response rate impede its further clinical application. Mounting evidence has revealed that PD‐L1 is not only present in tumor cell membrane but also in cytoplasm, exosome, or even nucleus. Among these, the dynamic and spatial heterogeneous expression of PD‐L1 in tumors is mainly responsible for the unsatisfactory efficacy of PD‐L1 antibodies. Hence, numerous studies focus on inhibiting or degrading PD‐L1 to improve immune response, while a comprehensive understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying spatial heterogeneity of PD‐L1 can fundamentally transform the current status of PD‐L1 antibodies in clinical development. Herein, the concept of spatial heterogeneous expression of PD‐L1 is creatively introduced, encompassing the structure and biological functions of various kinds of PD‐L1 (including mPD‐L1, cPD‐L1, nPD‐L1, and exoPD‐L1). Then an in‐depth analysis of the regulatory mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets of PD‐L1 is provided, seeking to offer a solid basis for future investigation. Moreover, the current status of agents is summarized, especially small molecular modulators development directed at these new targets, offering a novel perspective on potential PD‐L1 therapeutics strategies.
Smart‐Responsive Multifunctional Therapeutic System for Improved Regenerative Microenvironment and Accelerated Bone Regeneration via Mild Photothermal Therapy
Authors: Wu Minhao , Liu Huifan , Li Dan , Zhu Yufan , Wu Ping , Chen Zhe , Chen Feixiang , Chen Yun , Deng Zhouming , Cai Lin 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe treatment of bone defects remains a substantial clinical challenge due to the lack of spatiotemporal management of the immune microenvironment, revascularization, and osteogenic differentiation. Herein, deferoxamine (DFO)‐loaded black phosphorus nanosheets decorated by polydopamine layer are prepared (BPPD) and compounded into gelatin methacrylate/sodium alginate methacrylate (GA) hybrid hydrogel as a smart‐responsive therapeutic system (GA/BPPD) for accelerated bone regeneration. The BPPD nanocomposites served as bioactive components and near‐infrared (NIR) photothermal agents, which conferred the hydrogel with excellent NIR/pH dual‐responsive properties, realizing the stimuli‐responsive release of DFO and PO43 − during bone regeneration. Under the action of NIR‐triggered mild photothermal therapy, the GA/BPPD hydrogel exhibited a positive effect on promoting osteogenesis and angiogenesis, eliminating excessive reactive oxygen species, and inducing macrophage polarization to the M2 phenotype. More significantly, through macrophage M2 polarization‐induced osteoimmune microenvironment, this hydrogel platform could also drive functional cytokine secretion for enhanced angiogenesis and osteogenesis. In vivo experiments further demonstrated that the GA/BPPD system could facilitate bone healing by attenuating the local inflammatory response, increasing the secretion of pro‐healing factors, stimulating endogenous cell recruitment, and accelerating revascularization. Collectively, the proposed intelligent photothermal hydrogel platform provides a promising strategy to reshape the damaged tissue microenvironment for augmented bone regeneration.
Undifferentiated psychosis or schizophrenia associated with vermis‐predominant cerebellar hypoplasia
Authors: Leslie Alison C. , Ward Mitchell P. , Dobyns William B. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractSchizophrenia (SCZ) is a well‐studied neuropsychiatric condition that has been shown to have a high degree of genetic heritability. Still, little data on the specific genetic risk variants associated with the disease exists. Classification of the SCZ phenotype into SCZ‐related endophenotypes is a promising methodology to parse out and elucidate the specific genetic risk variants for each. Here, we present a series of 17 previously reported individuals and a new proband with similar SCZ‐related neuropsychiatric characteristics and shared brain imaging findings. Unsurprisingly, these individuals shared classic psychiatric features of SCZ. Interestingly, we also identified shared neuropsychiatric features in this series of individuals that had not been highlighted previously. A consistently decreased IQ, memory impairment, sleep and speech disturbances, and attention deficits were commonly reported findings. The brain imaging findings among these individuals also consistently showed posterior vermis predominant cerebellar hypoplasia (CBLH‐V). Most individuals' diagnoses were initially described as Dandy–Walker malformation; however, our independent review of imaging suggests a more consistent pattern of posterior vermis predominant cerebellar hypoplasia rather than true Dandy–Walker malformation. While the specific genetic risk variants for this endophenotype are yet to be described, the aim of this paper is to present the shared neuropsychiatric features and consistent, symmetrical brain image findings which suggest that this subset of individuals comprises an endophenotype of SCZ with a high genetic solve rate.
Locally Ordered Single‐Atom Catalysts for Electrocatalysis
Authors: Ren Yujing , Wang Jinyong , Zhang Mingyue , Wang Yuqing , Cao Yuan , Kim Dong Ha , Lin Zhiqun 
Published: November 2023

AbstractSingle‐atom catalysts manifest nearly 100 % atom utilization efficiency, well‐defined active sites, and high selectivity. However, their practical applications are hindered by a low atom loading density, uncontrollable location, and ambiguous interaction with the support, thereby posing challenges to maximizing their electrocatalytic performance. To address these limitations, the ability to arrange randomly dispersed single atoms into locally ordered single‐atom catalysts (LO‐SACs) substantially influences the electronic effect between reactive sites and the support, the synergistic interaction among neighboring single atoms, the bonding energy of intermediates with reactive sites and the complexity of the mechanism. As such, it dramatically promotes reaction kinetics, reduces the energy barrier of the reaction, improves the performance of the catalyst and simplifies the reaction mechanism. In this review, firstly, we introduce a variety of compelling characteristics of LO‐SACs as electrocatalysts. Subsequently, the synthetic strategies, characterization methods and applications of LO‐SACs in electrocatalysis are discussed. Finally, the future opportunities and challenges are elaborated to encourage further exploration in this rapidly evolving field.