bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk of Second Primary Malignancy After Esophagectomy for Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Thoracic Esophagus
Authors: Matsubara Toshiki , Yamada Kazuhiko , Nakagawa Aya 
Published: November 2003

Purpose: To assess the risk of subsequent malignancies after esophagectomy for squamous cell carcinoma of the thoracic esophagus for the establishment of an adequate follow-up program. Patients and Methods: We statistically analyzed clinical factors in 114 cases of second malignancy after esophagectomy that developed in 94 of 679 patients who underwent curative resection. The cancer incidence rates in the general population estimated by the Research Group for Population-Based Cancer Registration in Japan were used as standards for comparison. Results: The 10-year cumulative risk of second malignancy was 34.5%, and the overall relative risk (RR) was 2.98 (95% CI, 2.41 to 3.65). The risk of head and neck cancer was markedly elevated (RR, 34.9; 95% CI, 24.3 to 48.6), followed by the risks of lung cancer (RR, 3.24; 95% CI, 1.89 to 5.19) and stomach cancer (RR, 2.00; 95% CI, 1.17 to 3.21). Multifactor analysis demonstrated that independent factors affecting the risk of subsequent malignancies were presence of other malignancies detected before esophagectomy and any of the following factors: masculine sex, alcohol consumption, and smoking. The 5-year survival rate after detection of subsequent malignancy was 45%. The outcome in patients with subsequent head and neck cancer was significantly less favorable as a result of difficulty in early detection. Conclusion: Patients had a remarkably high risk of subsequent cancer of the upper aerodigestive tract after esophagectomy, in particular, head and neck cancer. Minute postoperative surveillance is strongly recommended, especially in patients with a history of malignancies before esophagectomy. Early detection of second malignancies allowed less invasive treatment with favorable outcome.
Phase I Trial of the Antivascular Agent Combretastatin A4 Phosphate on a 5-Day Schedule to Patients With Cancer: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Evidence for Altered Tumor Blood Flow
Authors: Stevenson James P. , Rosen Mark , Sun Weijing , Gallagher Maryann , Haller Daniel G. , Vaughn David , Giantonio Bruce , Zimmer Ross , Petros William P. , Stratford Michael , Chaplin David , Young Scott L. , Schnall Mitchell , O’Dwyer Peter J. 
Published: November 2003

Purpose: Combretastatin A4 (CA4) phosphate (CA4P) inhibits microtubule polymerization and is toxic to proliferating endothelial cells in vitro. It causes reversible vascular shutdown in established tumors in vivo, consistent with an antivascular mechanism of action. The present study investigated escalating doses of CA4P administered intravenously to patients with advanced cancer. Patients and Methods: Patients with solid malignancies and good performance status received CA4P as a 10-minute infusion daily for 5 days repeated every 3 weeks. Pharmacokinetic sampling was performed during cycle 1. Patients receiving ≥ 52 mg/m2/d had serial dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) studies to measure changes in tumor perfusion with CA4P treatment. Results: Thirty-seven patients received 133 treatment cycles. CA4P dose levels ranged from 6 mg/m2 to 75 mg/m2 daily. Severe pain at sites of known tumor was dose limiting at 75 mg/m2. Dose-limiting cardiopulmonary toxicity (syncope and dyspnea or hypoxia) was noted as well in two patients treated at 75 mg/m2. Other toxicities included hypotension, ataxia, dyspnea, nausea or vomiting, headache, and transient sensory neuropathy. Plasma CA4P and CA4 area under the concentration-time curve and maximal concentration values increased linearly with dose. Tumor perfusion, as measured by the first-order rate constant of gadolinium plasma to tissue transfer during DCE-MRI studies, was found to decrease in eight of 10 patients. Relationships were also demonstrated between perfusion changes and pharmacokinetic indices. A partial response was observed in a patient with metastatic soft tissue sarcoma, and 14 patients exhibited disease stability for a minimum of two cycles. Conclusion: Doses of CA4P on a daily times five schedule of 52 to 65 mg/m2 were reasonably well-tolerated. The 52 mg/m2 dose is recommended for further study based on cumulative phase I experience with CA4P. Antitumor efficacy was observed, and the use of DCE-MRI provided a valuable noninvasive measure of the vascular effects of CA4P treatment.
Combined Biological Treatment/Ozonation of Wastewaters for the Mineralisation of Non‐Biodegradable Naphthalene‐1,5‐Disulphonic Acid
Authors: Breithaupt T. , Reemtsma T. , Jekel M. , Storm T. , Wiesmann U. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractThis paper deals with the ozonation and biological treatment for achieving the mineralisation of the non‐biodegradable compound naphthalene‐1,5‐disulphonic acid (NADSA; C10H8O6S2), a basic chemical for dyes and building materials. This combination of ozonation and biological treatment is expected to minimise the ozone consumption compared to ozonation alone. To examine the influence of ozone on the biodegradability of NADSA, a lab‐scale plant was run semi‐continuously and batch tests were conducted for comparison. For total ozonation, 1.8 mol O3/mol DOC have to be used. For optimum biodegradation, only 0.8 mol O3/mol DOC are needed. The results show that by using a combination of ozonation and biological treatment the ozone consumption can be reduced by more than 50% compared to ozonation alone.Some of the intermediate products are isolated and suggestions for their chemical structures are made. A proposal for the first steps of ozonation is also presented to illustrate a possible pathway of ozonation. All the major identifiable compounds are non‐biodegradable. From these results, it is quite clear that further intermediate products are formed, which are biodegradable.
Multiple input–multiple output adaptive feedback control strategies for the active headrest system: design and real‐time implementation
Authors: Pawelczyk Marek 
Published: December 2003

AbstractIn this article, multiple input–multiple output adaptive feedback control techniques for acoustic noise control in a headrest system are developed. The main goal underlying their design is to provide acoustic comfort to the user, i.e. high noise attenuation level over possibly large areas at the ears. Classical Internal Model Control system does not yield acceptable performance. An approach based on estimates of the residual noise at the ears is then proposed. It is shown that increase in the number of secondary sources to operate for one channel improves the performance. The experiments of tonal noise control are performed on an originally set‐up prototype of the active headrest system. The results obtained are illustrated in the promoted form of distribution of zones of quiet. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Die Restaurierung des größten archäologischen Fundes – ein chemisches Problem: die Erhaltung der Farbfassungen der chinesischen Terrakotta‐Armee in Lintong
Authors: Langhals Heinz , Bathelt Daniela 
Published: December 2003

AbstractNach 2200 Jahren Lagerung im feuchten Erdreich verlieren die ursprünglich bunten, lebensecht bemalten Figuren der Terrakotta‐Armee des ersten chinesischen Kaisers Qin Shihuangdi bald nach der Ausgrabung irreversibel ihre Farbfassungen. Der Grund ist, dass sich die in zwei Schichten aufgetragene Lackgrundierung im Laufe der Lagerung so verändert hat, dass sie reißt, sich vom Untergrund löst, zusammenrollt und abfällt, wenn die relative Luftfeuchtigkeit unter 84 % sinkt; mit dem Abfallen der Lackgrundierung geht auch die über ihr liegende Pigmentschicht verloren. Daher wurde intensiv nach einer Möglichkeit zur Festigung dieser Grundierung gesucht. Sie gelang durch die durch Elektronenbestrahlung ausgelöste Polymerisation einer genau abgestimmten Kombination von Monomeren.
The Restoration of the Largest Archaelogical Discovery—a Chemical Problem: Conservation of the Polychromy of the Chinese Terracotta Army in Lintong
Authors: Langhals Heinz , Bathelt Daniela 
Published: December 2003

AbstractThe conservation of the polychromy of the terracotta army of the first Chinese emperor Qin Shihuangdi represents a special problem because of the deterioration of the ground layer consisting of organic material. This was triggered due to it having spent more than 2200 years in water‐saturated soil. The consolidation of the polychromy was achieved through polymerisation of a specially adapted combination of monomers.
Determination of lipid‐soluble arsenic species in seaweed‐eating sheep from Orkney
Authors: Devalla Sandhya , Feldmann Jörg 
Published: December 2003

AbstractThis work is part of an ongoing research study towards an understanding of the complete metabolism of arsenosugars in mammalian organisms when ingesting seaweed, using the North Ronaldsay (NR) sheep as a model organism. We focus on the analysis of only those arsenic species bound to the lipids of the feed (Laminaria digitata), faeces and the tissues of the NR sheep using a novel enzymatic hydrolytic method that is simple and reliable. This rare breed of sheep, found in the remote Orkney Islands in the north of Scotland, live the entire year on the beaches and eat seaweed that is washed ashore (up to 3 kg daily).Previous studies on arsenic fractionation in muscle, kidney and liver tissues revealed that most of the arsenic is concentrated in the fat fractions of these tissues (muscle fat: 61%; liver fat: 66%; kidney fat: 25%) rather than in the non‐lipid fractions. Hence, this study was undertaken in order to determine the arsenic species bound to lipids in the muscle, kidney and faeces of NR sheep and to compare these with the arsenic species bound to the lipids of the L. digitata consumed.The enzymatic hydrolytic procedure has been successfully employed for the first time to cleave the arsenic species cleanly from the rest of the lipid structure. This makes the arsenic species water soluble and enables their direct determination by high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Dimethylarsinic acid (DMA(V)) and monomethylarsonic acid (MA(V)) were found to be the major hydrolysed arsenic species bound to the kidney and muscle lipids, whereas arsenosugar‐1 was found to be the major hydrolysed arsenic species in L. digitata lipids. On the other hand, DMA(V) was found to be the major arsenical obtained after the enzymatic hydrolysis of the faeces lipids. These results seem to suggest that both direct absorption and biotransformation of the absorbed organoarsenicals are the likely reasons for their occurrence and accumulation in the NR sheep tissues. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Trust and trustworthiness in a sequential bargaining game
Authors: Chaudhuri Ananish , Ali Khan Sarah , Lakshmiratan Aishwarya , Py Anne‐Laure , Shah Lisa 
Published: December 2003

AbstractWe use a two‐person extensive form bargaining game to explore individuals' trusting and reciprocal behavior and how those relate to their scores on a trust survey. In keeping with prior research, we find that the ‘self‐interested’ outcome is rejected by a majority of individuals. People who score high on the trust survey are both trusting and are also trustworthy, in that they reciprocate others' trust. But people with low‐trust scores often exhibit trust but are not trustworthy. These ‘inconsistent trusters’ seem to be interested in exploiting the trust and trustworthiness of others in increasing their own payoff. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Inﬂuence of nonionic surfactants on the chromatographic behaviour of proteins in hydrophobic interaction chromatography
Authors: Rukhadze Marina D. , Sebiskveradze Maya V. , Makharadze Teona G. , Sidamonidze Nino Sh. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractThe chromatographic characteristics of proteins in the presence of additives of nonionic surfactants Brij‐35 and Tween‐80 in the conditions of descending gradient of ammonium sulfate and phenyl‐coated polymeric stationary phase were investigated. It was revealed that retention factors of proteins may be regulated by use of mentioned additives. The improvement of resolution is achieved for some hardly separated pairs of proteins, viz. albumin egg/albumin bovine, aldolase/tripsin. A reversion of the elution order is observed for tripsin/chymotrypsinogen A. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Geotechnical Virtual Laboratory. I. Permeability
Authors: Mašala Srboljub , Biggar Kevin 
Published: December 2003

AbstractThe Geotechnical Virtual Laboratory is a computer based instructional package intended to complement, and potentially replace, some physical testing in a real geotechnical laboratory. The article covers initial design stages of the project, mostly work on the first (permeability) module, its outcomes, evaluation results, and the experience in its use. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 11: 132–143, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com); DOI 10.1002/cae.10044
Planetary gear set and automatic transmission simulation for machine design courses
Authors: Dennis Scott T. , Jensen Daniel D. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractDue to their unique ability to provide a variety of gear ratios in a very compact space, planetary gear systems are seen in many applications from small powered screw drivers to automobile automatic transmissions. The versatile planetary gear device is often studied as part of an undergraduate mechanical engineering program. Textbook presentations typically illustrate how the different planetary gear components are connected. Understanding of the operation of the planetary gear set can be enhanced using actual hardware or simulations that show how the components move relative to each other. The Department of Engineering Mechanics at the United States Air Force Academy has developed a computer simulation of the planetary gear set and the Chrysler 42LE automatic transmission. Called “PG‐Sim,” the dynamic simulations complement a static textbook presentation. PG‐Sim is used in several of our courses and assessment data clearly indicates students' appreciation of its visual and interactive features. In this paper, we present an overview of PG‐Sim and then describe how the simulation courseware facilitates understanding of the planetary gear system. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 11: 144–155, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com); DOI 10.1002/cae.10045
Influence of Particles on Fluid Turbulence in Pipe and Diffuser Gas‐Solids Flow
Authors: Bohnet M. , Triesch O. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractThe influence of glass particles with different Reynolds numbers ReP = |u–uP|dPρ/η on axial and radial gas fluctuations as well as on Reynolds stresses was investigated for pipe and diffuser (continuous pipe expansion) gas‐solids flow. Measurements were carried out using phase‐Doppler anemometry distinguishing between velocity signals of the solid and fluid phase due to particle or tracer size. In fully developed pipe flow small particles (ReP = 60) damp turbulence but with increasing ReP vortex shedding behind the particles reduces attenuation and finally leads to turbulence enhancement. Behind the diffuser particles are decelerated and cause a steeper velocity gradient and, thus, an increase in turbulence. The measured data are compared to CFD calculations investigating Reynolds stress model and k‐ϵ model for the description of turbulence. Using small particles good agreement is achieved considering the momentum transfer between the phases. For larger particles the modeling of vortex shedding by turbulent particle source terms is needed for a satisfactory prediction.
Characterization of the Mixing Quality in Micromixers
Authors: Aubin J. , Fletcher D.F. , Bertrand J. , Xuereb C. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractThe laminar flow patterns and mixing performance of two different micromixers have been investigated and quantified using CFD. The micromixer geometries consist of a channel with either diagonal or asymmetric herringbone grooves on the channel floor. The numerical results show that a single helical flow is produced for the diagonal mixer, whereas the herringbone mixer creates a double helical flow, composed of an alternating large and small vortex. Particle tracking of a tracer shows that very little convective mixing occurs in the diagonal mixer. However, in the herringbone mixer, very good mixing occurs. Quantitative analysis methods that are traditionally used for characterizing macro‐scale static mixers have been employed. Calculation of the variance of tracer dispersion and the stretching has shown to be well adapted for quantifying the mixing in the micromixers. However, methods based on the deformation rate appear to be less suitable. The results are in excellent agreement with previous experimental findings.
Organization of axonal projections from the anterolateral area of the bed nuclei of the stria terminalis
Authors: Dong Hong‐Wei , Swanson Larry W. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractThe anterolateral group of the bed nuclei of the stria terminalis (BSTalg) contains four distinct cell groups embedded within an undifferentiated anterolateral area (BSTal) that architectonically resembles a subjacent subcommissural zone (BSTsc). The overall distributions of axonal projections from various regions of the BSTal and from the BSTsc were determined with the Phaseolus vulgaris–leucoagglutinin (PHAL) anterograde tracer method and found to be identical. The BSTal and BSTsc share dense bidirectional connections, and also project heavily within the BST to the rhomboid and fusiform nuclei and the anteroventral and anterodorsal areas. They project less densely to the juxtacapsular, oval, magnocellular, ventral, and interfascicular BST nuclei. Outside the BST, brain areas receiving strong to moderate inputs from the BSTal and BSTsc fall into several functional groups: somatomotor system (nucleus accumbens, substantia innominata, ventral tegmental area, and retrorubral area and adjacent midbrain reticular nucleus), central autonomic control system (central amygdalar nucleus, dorsal lateral hypothalamic area, ventrolateral periaqueductal gray, parabrachial nucleus, and nucleus of the solitary tract), neuroendocrine system (paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei, hypothalamic visceromotor pattern generator network), and thalamocortical feedback loops (midline, medial, and intralaminar nuclei). The results indicate that the BSTal and BSTsc are parts of the same cell group (dorsal and ventral to the anterior commissure), which plays a role in coordinating visceral and somatic motor responses (during ingestive behaviors, for example), especially in response to noxious stimuli (learned anorexia associated with noxious stimuli). BSTal projections are distinct from those of the adjacent juxtacapsular, oval, fusiform, and rhomboid nuclei. J. Comp. Neurol. 468:277–298, 2004. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Calcyon transcript expression in macaque brain
Authors: Oakman Scott A. , Meador‐Woodruff James H. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractThe anatomical distribution of the transcript encoding calcyon, a 24 kDa membrane protein associated with coupling D1‐like dopamine receptor activation to potentiated intracellular calcium release, was examined using in situ hybridization in the macaque brain. Calcyon mRNA is found to be abundantly distributed throughout the primate brain. In neocortex, moderately dense, diffuse signal is found in all areas, with increased intensity present in a superficial isodense band corresponding generally to cortical layers II and III. Increased intensity of signal is also seen in the pyramidal cell layers of medial prefrontal and anterior cingulate cortex. Calcyon mRNA is present abundantly in subcortical limbic areas such as the nucleus accumbens, septum, hypothalamus, amygdala, and hippocampus. Moderate calcyon transcript expression is seen in caudate and putamen, with lower levels in globus pallidus. Thalamic nuclei, including the reticular nucleus, express low to moderate levels. Very dense expression is noted in the substantia nigra pars compacta. Numerous brainstem regions express this transcript, notably monoaminergic nuclei including the locus coeruleus and dorsal raphe. The cerebellum has detectable levels of expression in both cortex and deep nuclei. Although calcyon is hypothesized as a means for D1‐like receptors to modulate “cross‐talk” with other neurotransmitter receptor systems, it is notable that abundant calcyon transcript is detected in brain regions not associated with D1‐like neurotransmission, particularly the substantia nigra pars compacta and other dopamine‐synthesizing cell groups. A substantial proportion of this may relate to the reported association of calcyon with the D5 receptor, or in addition, may suggest that calcyon has a wider role as a regulator of intracellular signal transduction. J. Comp. Neurol. 468:264–276, 2004. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Performance evaluation of serial‐search strategies for the acquisition of DS/CDMA signals
Authors: Jibrail Waseem , Van Der Meer Andrew , Liyana‐Pathirana Ranjith 
Published: December 2003

AbstractSearch strategies for initial synchronization of direct sequence (DS) spread spectrum communication systems are compared, modelled and implemented using MATLAB then tested in the presence of additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) and narrowband interference. The performance of these search strategies, namely, offset‐z‐search strategies and expanding alternate search strategies, in terms of the mean value of the search length is evaluated for different probabilities of detection. A truncated Gaussian probability phase distribution is assumed (asa prioriinformation about the correct phase) and the performance of these search strategies is tested for different standard deviations (σ) of the phase.A novel search strategy, namely the offset‐z3, based on the offset z‐search strategy is introduced. Among all search strategies investigated the non‐uniform expanding alternate (NUEA) search strategy is found to perform best at high probability of detection. However, for a more peaked phase distribution, the offset‐z3‐search strategy is shown to offer better performance at low probability of detection. Outcomes of the simulated system support trends predicted by theory for the performance of different search strategies. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Implementation solutions for the interworking between MMS and streaming
Authors: Miraj‐E‐Mostafa  
Published: December 2003

AbstractMultimedia messaging service (MMS) and streaming are forerunner multimedia applications in mobile communication. Use of streaming in the retrieval of continuous multimedia content of MMS is the identified optimum scope (extent) of interworking between MMS and streaming. The optimum interworking can remove a limitation visible in MMS—retrieving content requiring more storage space than available in a mobile terminal. This paper presents two different solutions for implementing the interworking. The implementation solutions are consistent with the existing mobile frameworks and the working principles and procedures of both MMS and streaming. Consistency is very important here not only to avoid creating isolated solution, but also to preserve user experience. This paper describes in detail how each of the solutions operates, including the process of using streaming in the MMS retrieval. Pros and cons of both the solutions are also analysed to compare those. Other important factors tackled in the analysis are implementation flexibility, complexity, terminal capability indication, and content adaptation. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.