bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Inflationary Impact of a Large Devaluation across the Income Distribution: The Case of Egypt in 2016
Authors: Alazzawi Shireen , Hlasny Vladimir 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Large-scale currency devaluations often result in rapid inflation, disproportionately affecting households with lower incomes, as they typically allocate a higher portion of their expenses to tradable goods. In this study, we examine cost-of-living changes of households across the income distribution in a relatively highly regulated, modest-inequality economy—Egypt—following the November 2016 devaluation of the Egyptian Pound when it depreciated by approximately 50%. We model the exchange rate pass through to domestic prices of various commodities, and the consumption responses by distinct economic groups, using true cost-of-living indices. We first quantify the exchange-rate pass-through to commodity prices, and then introduce a readily applicable methodology based on minimal data requirements to study the distributional implications for households’ cost of living and welfare, taking substitution effects and changes in preferences into consideration. Our findings reveal that over 30% of the rise in the cost of living of the average household was due to the devaluation, raising the amount of compensating variation necessary to keep households at their 2015 real welfare levels by 30% to 40% compared to the counterfactual scenario absent devaluation. These effects were more pronounced for some regions and among the poorest households. These disparities in welfare effects underscore the importance of designing and implementing targeted transfers to mitigate the negative impact of similar devaluations.
Comparison of phenomic profiles in the All of Us Research Program against the US general population and the UK Biobank
Authors: Zeng Chenjie , Schlueter David J , Tran Tam C , Babbar Anav , Cassini Thomas , Bastarache Lisa A , Denny Josh C 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Importance
Knowledge gained from cohort studies has dramatically advanced both public and precision health. The All of Us Research Program seeks to enroll 1 million diverse participants who share multiple sources of data, providing unique opportunities for research. It is important to understand the phenomic profiles of its participants to conduct research in this cohort.

Objectives
More than 280 000 participants have shared their electronic health records (EHRs) in the All of Us Research Program. We aim to understand the phenomic profiles of this cohort through comparisons with those in the US general population and a well-established nation-wide cohort, UK Biobank, and to test whether association results of selected commonly studied diseases in the All of Us cohort were comparable to those in UK Biobank.

Materials and Methods
We included participants with EHRs in All of Us and participants with health records from UK Biobank. The estimates of prevalence of diseases in the US general population were obtained from the Global Burden of Diseases (GBD) study. We conducted phenome-wide association studies (PheWAS) of 9 commonly studied diseases in both cohorts.

Results
This study included 287 012 participants from the All of Us EHR cohort and 502 477 participants from the UK Biobank. A total of 314 diseases curated by the GBD were evaluated in All of Us, 80.9% (N = 254) of which were more common in All of Us than in the US general population [prevalence ratio (PR) &gt;1.1, P &lt; 2 × 10−5]. Among 2515 diseases and phenotypes evaluated in both All of Us and UK Biobank, 85.6% (N = 2152) were more common in All of Us (PR &gt;1.1, P &lt; 2 × 10−5). The Pearson correlation coefficients of effect sizes from PheWAS between All of Us and UK Biobank were 0.61, 0.50, 0.60, 0.57, 0.40, 0.53, 0.46, 0.47, and 0.24 for ischemic heart diseases, lung cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, dementia, colorectal cancer, lower back pain, multiple sclerosis, lupus, and cystic fibrosis, respectively.

Discussion
Despite the differences in prevalence of diseases in All of Us compared to the US general population or the UK Biobank, our study supports that All of Us can facilitate rapid investigation of a broad range of diseases.

Conclusion
Most diseases were more common in All of Us than in the general US population or the UK Biobank. Results of disease-disease association tests from All of Us are comparable to those estimated in another well-studied national cohort.
Bub1 suppresses inflammatory arthritis–associated bone loss in mice through inhibition of TNFα–mediated osteoclastogenesis
Authors: Yoshida Shuhei , Ikedo Aoi , Yanagihara Yuta , Sakaue Tomohisa , Saeki Noritaka , Imai Yuuki 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an inflammatory autoimmune disease characterized by synovitis, bone and cartilage destruction, and increased fracture risk with bone loss. Although disease–modifying antirheumatic drugs have dramatically improved clinical outcomes, these therapies are not universally effective in all patients because of the heterogeneity of RA pathogenesis. Therefore, it is necessary to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying RA pathogenesis, including associated bone loss, in order to identify novel therapeutic targets. In this study, we found that Budding uninhibited by benzimidazoles 1 (BUB1) was highly expressed in RA patients’ synovium and murine ankle tissue with arthritis. As CD45+CD11b+ myeloid cells are a Bub1 highly expressing population among synovial cells in mice, myeloid cell–specific Bub1 conditional knockout (Bub1ΔLysM) mice were generated. Bub1ΔLysM mice exhibited reduced femoral bone mineral density when compared with control (Ctrl) mice under K/BxN serum–transfer arthritis, with no significant differences in joint inflammation or bone erosion based on a semi–quantitative erosion score and histological analysis. Bone histomorphometry revealed that femoral bone mass of Bub1ΔLysM under arthritis was reduced by increased osteoclastic bone resorption. RNA-seq and subsequent Gene Set Enrichment Analysis demonstrated a significantly enriched nuclear factor-kappa B pathway among upregulated genes in receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL)–stimulated bone marrow–derived macrophages (BMMs) obtained from Bub1ΔLysM mice. Indeed, osteoclastogenesis using BMMs derived from Bub1ΔLysM was enhanced by RANKL and tumor necrosis factor-α or RANKL and IL-1β treatment compared with Ctrl. Finally, osteoclastogenesis was increased by Bub1 inhibitor BAY1816032 treatment in BMMs derived from wildtype mice. These data suggest that Bub1 expressed in macrophages plays a protective role against inflammatory arthritis–associated bone loss through inhibition of inflammation–mediated osteoclastogenesis.
An 18-day, 3 °C cold treatment effectively kills Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae) in kiwifruit (Actinidia spp.)
Authors: Brown Samuel D J , Bellvé André M , Santos Karina , Baldassarre Cristian E , Mansfield Emma , Bilgi Vineeta , Urlacher Elodie M G , Devitt Jessica C , Jamieson Lisa E 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
A series of experiments were carried out to develop a phytosanitary disinfestation protocol to kill Ceratitis capitata (Weidemann) (Mediterranean fruit fly, Diptera: Tephritidae) in ‘Hayward’ kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa (A. Chev.) C.F. Liang and A.R. Ferguson) and ‘Zesy002’ kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis Planch.). Experiments on 4 immature life stages (eggs and 3 larval instars) with treatment durations of between 5 and 18 days showed that third instars were the most tolerant to temperatures around 3 °C, with the lethal time to 99.9968% (probit 9) mortality (LT99.9968) estimated to be 17.3 days (95% confidence interval (CI) 16.4–18.2). Larvae reared and treated in ‘Zesy002’ were significantly more susceptible to cold treatment than those reared in ‘Hayward’. A large-scale trial testing a disinfestation protocol of 3 ± 0.5 °C for 18 days treated over 500,000 third-instar C. capitata with no survivors. These results demonstrate that a cold treatment of 3.5 °C or below for 18 days induces C. capitata mortality in kiwifruit at a rate that exceeds 99.9968% with a degree of confidence greater than 99%.
Evaluation of fumigant toxicity of cyclohexanone to 5 species of insect pests
Authors: Liu Yong-Biao 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Cyclohexanone is a major precursor for nylon production and is also used as a pesticide solvent. In this study, cyclohexanone was evaluated as a fumigant against rice weevil adults, confused flour beetle adults, western flower thrips larvae and adults, spotted wing drosophila adults, and subterranean termite workers. Cyclohexanone fumigation was effective against all 5 insects, and there were considerable variations in susceptibility to cyclohexanone fumigation among the 5 species. At 20 °C, complete control of spotted wing drosophila adults was achieved in 1-h fumigation with 25 μl/l of cyclohexanone and complete control of eastern subterranean termite workers was achieved in 3-h fumigations with 50 μl/l dose of cyclohexanone. Stored-product insects confused flour beetle, and rice weevil adults were more tolerant to cyclohexanone fumigation. Fumigations of 24 h with 75 μl/l dose of cyclohexanone caused 100% mortality of rice weevil adults and 98% mortality of confused flower beetle adults. Even at a 100 μl/l dose, the 24-h fumigations did not achieve 100% mortality of confused flour beetle adults. At 5 °C, complete control of western flower thrips was achieved in 3- and 6-h fumigations with 100 and 50 μl/l doses of cyclohexanone, respectively. Cyclohexanone vapor concentrations were measured using cyclohexanone detector tubes. Vapor concentrations were far below the expected saturation concentration indicating that most cyclohexanone did not exist as vapor in fumigation chambers. The results of effective control of all 5 insect species suggest that cyclohexanone has the potential to be used as a fumigant for postharvest pest control.
Extended curettage for tumour-induced osteomalacia in the bone
Authors: Okajima Koichi , Kobayashi Hiroshi , Ito Nobuaki , Kato Hajime , Ishibashi Yuki , Zhang Liuzhe , Tsuda Yusuke , Tanaka Sakae 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background
extended curettage is generally used to treat infiltrative bone tumours. However, the extent of the curettage performed in previous studies remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of extended curettage for bone tumour-induced osteomalacia.

Methods
we included 12 patients with tumour-induced osteomalacia who underwent extended curettage at our hospital between 2000 and 2022. Extended curettage was applied in cases where tumour resection could cause functional impairment or necessitate complex reconstruction. We investigated patients’ clinical and oncological outcomes.

Results
patients had a mean age of 55 (24–81) years, and the median follow-up duration after surgery was 3.9 (1.0–14.0) years. The causative tumours were located in the pelvis and lumbar spine. Imaging revealed the tumours to be of the sclerotic, intertrabecular, lytic and mixed types. Intraoperative 3D fluoroscopy was used in 10 patients. Extended curettage with high-speed burring and adjuvant therapy with cauterization using an electric scalpel and ethanol resulted in a remission rate of 83%; no recurrence or metastasis was observed in cases of early postoperative biochemical remission. In cases where the causative tumour was at the lumbar spine and ischium close to the acetabulum, no postoperative biochemical remission was observed, and conservative treatment was continued. Except for one patient with a tumour in the lumbar spine, all patients could walk without a cane.

Conclusions
extended curettage for bone tumour-induced osteomalacia is oncologically and functionally favourable, especially in cases where resection of the causative tumour could cause functional impairment or necessitate complex reconstruction.
Exploring various measures of the area under the curve for the assessment of dose-proportionality and estimation of bioavailability
Authors: Brocks Dion R , Minthorn Elisabeth A , Davies Brian E 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective
In pharmacokinetics, the area under the concentration versus time curve (AUC) extrapolated to infinity (AUC0−∞) is the preferred metric but it is not always possible to have a reliable estimate of the terminal phase half-life. Here we sought to explore the accuracy of three different area measures to accurately identify dose proportionality and bioavailability.

Methods
One to three compartment model simulations with different doses for dose-proportionality or different rates and/or extents of bioavailability. Area measures evaluated were AUC0−∞, to the last quantifiable concentration (AUCtlast), and to a common time value (AUCt’).

Results
Under linear pharmacokinetics, AUCt’ provided the most accurate measure of dose proportionality. Except for the one compartment model where AUC0−∞ provided the best predictor of the true measure, there was no clear advantage to the use of either of the three measures of AUC.

Conclusion
With uncertainty about the terminal phase half-life, the use of AUCt’ can be a very useful and even the preferred measure of exposure for use in assessing proportionality in exposure between doses. The choice of AUC measure in bioavailability is less clear and may depend on compartmental nature of the drug, and study parameters including assay sensitivity and sampling protocols.
Behind the mask: can HARMONI@ELT detect biosignatures in the reflected light of Proxima b?
Authors: Vaughan Sophia R , Birkby Jayne L , Thatte Niranjan , Carlotti Alexis , Houllé Mathis , Pereira-Santaella Miguel , Clarke Fraser , Vigan Arthur , Lin Zifan , Kaltenegger Lisa 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT
Proxima b is a rocky exoplanet in the habitable zone of the nearest star system and a key test case in the search for extraterrestrial life. Here, we investigate the characterization of a potential Earth-like atmosphere around Proxima b in reflected light via molecule mapping, combining high-resolution spectroscopy (HRS) and high contrast imaging, using the first-generation integral field spectrograph, High Angular Resolution Monolithic Optical and Near-infrared Integral field spectrograph (HARMONI), on the 39-m Extremely Large Telescope (ELT). We simulate comprehensive observations of Proxima b at an assumed 45° inclination using HARMONI’s High Contrast Adaptive Optics mode, with spatial resolution $\sim 8 \,\rm mas$ ($3.88 \,\rm mas$ spaxel−1) and spectral resolving power R ≃ 17 000 between 1.538–$1.678\,\mathrm{\mu }\mathrm{m}$, containing the spectral features of water, carbon dioxide, and methane. Tellurics, stellar features, and additional noise sources are included, and removed using established molecule mapping techniques. We find that HARMONI’s current focal plane mask (FPM) is too large and obscures the orbit of Proxima b and thus explore smaller and offset FPMs to yield a detection. An $\rm {S/N}=5$ detection of Proxima b’s reflected light, suitable for atmospheric characterization, is possible with such modifications, requiring a minimum of 20 h, but ideally at least 30 h of integration time. We highlight that such detections do not scale with the photon noise, hence suitably detailed simulations of future instruments for the ELTs are needed to fully understand their ability to perform HRS observations of exoplanet atmospheres. Alterations to the HARMONI FPM design are feasible at this stage, but must be considered in context of other science cases.
A study of extreme C iii]1908 & [O iii]88/[C ii]157 emission in Pox 186: implications for JWST+ALMA (FUV + FIR) studies of distant galaxies
Authors: Kumari Nimisha , Smit Renske , Leitherer Claus , Witstok Joris , Irwin Mike J , Sirianni Marco , Aloisi Alessandra 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT
Carbon spectral features are ubiquitous in the ultraviolet (UV) and far-infrared (FIR) spectra of the reionization-era galaxies. We probe the ionized carbon content of a dwarf galaxy Pox 186 using the UV, optical, mid-infrared, and FIR data taken with Hubble, Gemini, Spitzer, and Herschel, respectively. This local (z ∼ 0.0040705) galaxy is likely an analogue of reionization-era galaxies, as revealed by its extreme FIR emission line ratio, [O iii] $88 \,\mu \mathrm{m}$/[C ii] $157 \,\mu \mathrm{m}$ (&gt;10). The UV spectra reveal extreme C iii] λλ1907, 1909 emission with the strongest equivalent width (EW) = 35.85 ± 0.73 Å detected so far in the local (z ∼ 0) Universe, a relatively strong C iv λλ1548, 1550 emission with EW = 7.95 ± 0.45 Å, but no He ii λ1640 detection. Several scenarios are explored to explain the high EW of carbon lines, including high effective temperature, high carbon-to-oxygen ratio, slope, and upper mass of top-heavy initial mass function, hard ionizing radiation, and in-homogeneous dust distribution. Both C iii] and C iv line profiles are broadened with respect to the O iii] λ1666 emission line. Each emission line of C iv λλ1548, 1550 shows the most distinct double-peak structure ever detected, which we model via two scenarios, firstly a double-peaked profile that might emerge from resonant scattering and secondly, a single nebular emission line along with a weaker interstellar absorption. The study demonstrates that galaxies with extreme FIR properties may also show extreme UV properties, hence paving a promising avenue of using FIR+UV in the local (via Hubble+Herschel/SOFIA) and distant (via JWST + ALMA) Universe for unveiling the mysteries of the reionization-era.
The reionizing bubble size distribution around galaxies
Authors: Lu Ting-Yi , Mason Charlotte A , Hutter Anne , Mesinger Andrei , Qin Yuxiang , Stark Daniel P , Endsley Ryan 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT
Lyman-alpha (Ly α) emission from galaxies is currently our most promising probe for constraining when and how reionization began, and thus when the first galaxies formed. At z &gt; 7, the majority of galaxies detected with Ly α are in candidate overdensities. Here, we quantify the probability of these galaxies residing in large ionized bubbles. We create (1.6 Gpc)3 intergalactic medium (IGM) simulations: sufficient volume to robustly measure bubble size distributions around UV-bright galaxies and rare overdensities. We find ${M_{\small UV}}\lesssim -16$ galaxies and overdensities are ≳10–1000 × more likely to trace ionized bubbles compared to randomly selected positions. The brightest galaxies and strongest overdensities have bubble size distributions with highest characteristic size and least scatter. We compare two models: gradual reionization driven by numerous UV-faint galaxies versus rapid reionization by rarer brighter galaxies, producing larger bubbles at fixed neutral fraction. We demonstrate that recently observed z ∼ 7 overdensities are highly likely to trace large ionized bubbles, corroborated by their high Ly α detection rates. However, Ly α detections at z ≈ 8.7 in EGS and z = 10.6 in GN-z11 are unlikely to trace large bubbles in our fiducial model – 11 and 7 per cent probability of &gt;1 proper Mpc bubbles, respectively. Ly α detections at such high redshifts could be explained by: a less neutral IGM than previously expected; larger ionized regions at fixed neutral fraction; or if intrinsic Ly α flux is unusually strong in these galaxies. We discuss how to test these scenarios with JWST and prospects for upcoming wide-area surveys to distinguish between reionization models.
Severe and fatal interstitial lung disease induced by gemcitabine in advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma: a case report
Authors: Haag Edwin Kelly , Adjadé Ganiou , Dawood Héba , El Fadli Mohammed , Essadi Ismail , Belbaraka Rhizlane 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Gemcitabine is a cytotoxic drug commonly used in the treatment of several types of cancer. While gemcitabine is generally considered safe and effective, it can cause some side effects, including pulmonary toxicity. Interstitial lung disease is a rare but potentially serious event. We report a case of a 63-year-old patient with advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma. She received Gemcitabine 1000 mg/m2 on day 1, and day 8, and presented on day 15 of the first cycle with respiratory distress rapidly aggravating. Clinical and radiological findings were concordant with interstitial lung disease. Management consisted of high doses of corticosteroids and oxygen therapy. There was no clinical improvement and the patient passed away after a few days. Despite its low incidence, gemcitabine-induced interstitial lung disease may be responsible for a fatal clinical picture. Clinicians must be aware of this possibility and address respiratory symptoms as soon as possible.
Toxicological evaluation of a pumpkin-derived pectin preparation: in vitro genotoxicity studies and a 13-week oral toxicity study in Sprague-Dawley rats
Authors: Kleijn Anne F , Mutter Margien , Akingbasote James A , Meetro Jwar , Simon Ryan R , Muntendam Pieter , Frommhagen Matthias , Schols Henk A 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The safety of a rhamnogalacturonan-I-enriched pectin extract (G3P-01) from pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata var. Dickinson) was evaluated for use as an ingredient in food and dietary supplements. G3P-01 was tested in a battery of genetic toxicity studies including reverse mutagenicity and in vitro micronucleus assay. In addition, Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized and orally dosed with G3P-01 incorporated in animal diet at concentrations of 0, 9000, 18,000, and 36,000 ppm daily for 13-weeks (n=10/sex/group) in line with OECD guidelines (TG 408). The results of the in vitro bacterial reverse mutation assay and micronucleus assay in TK6 cells demonstrated a lack of genotoxicity. The 13-week oral toxicity study in Sprague-Dawley rats demonstrated that the test article, G3P-01 was well tolerated; there were no mortalities and no adverse effects on clinical, gross pathology, hematology, blood chemistry, and histological evaluation of the essential organs of the animals. The present study demonstrates that G3P-01 is non-genotoxic and is safe when ingested in diet at concentrations up to 36, 000 ppm. The subchronic no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) for G3P-01 was concluded to be 36,000 ppm, equivalent to 1,899 and 2,361 mg/kg/day for male and female rats respectively.