bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Palladium Catalyzed ortho-C(sp2)–H Activation/Cyclization of Aryl Amines Assisted by Imine Directing Group and Vinylacetic Acid
Authors: Jiang Huanfeng , Tan Xiangwen , Jing Yaru , Wu Jiahao , Li Jiatian 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Palladium-catalyzed directed C − H functionalization/cyclization is an effective approach for synthesizing nitrogen heterocycles. Imine, known for its ease of installation/removal, has been extensively used in the C–H activation of aldehydes, ketones and alkylamines. Nevertheless, it been rarely explored in the C(sp2)–H activation of aryl amines because of the generation of a strained four-membered palladacycle. Herein, an imine directed palladium catalyzed C(sp2)–H functionalization of aryl amines assisted by vinylacetic acid has been established, providing access to a variety of γ-lactone fused tetrahydroquinolines under mild reaction conditions. The methodology demonstrates broad substrate scope and good functional group tolerance, representing notable advancement in organic synthesis. Mechanistic experiments were performed to clarify how the C(sp2)–H activation occurred, indicating the crucial role of vinylacetic acid. DFT calculations supported the observations, elucidating the strained four-membered ring C–H activation barrier was overcome via coordination and hydrogen bond interaction of vinylacetic acid.
Halloysite functionalized with dendritic moiety containing vitamin B1 hydrochloride as a bio-based catalyst for the synthesis of 5-hydroxymthylfurfural
Authors: Yaghoubi Soheila , Sadjadi Samahe , Heravi Majid 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Using halloysite clay and vitamin B1 hydrochloride, a novel acidic halloysite-dendrimer catalytic composite has been developed for conversion of fructose to 5-hydroxymthylfurfural. To grow the dendritic moiety on halloysite, it was first functionalized and then reacted with melamine, epichlorohydrin and vitamin B1 hydrochloride respectively. Then, the resulting composite was treated with ZnCl2 to furnish Lewis acid sites. Similarly, dendritic moiety of generation 2 was also grafted on halloysite and the activity of both catalysts for conversion of fructose to 5-hydroxymthylfurfural was investigated to disclose the role of dendrimer generation. For the best catalytic composite, the reaction variables were optimized via RSM and it was revealed that use of 0.035 g catalyst per 0.1 g fructose at 95°C furnished HMF in 96% yield in 105 min. Kinetic studies also underlined that Ea was 22.85 kJ/mol. The thermodynamic parameters of \({\varDelta \text{H}}^{\ne }\), \({\varDelta \text{S}}^{\ne }\) and \({\varDelta \text{G}}^{\ne }\), were calculated to be 23 kJ/mol, − 129.2 J/mol and 72.14 kJ/mol, respectively. Notably, the catalyst exhibited good recyclability and hot filtration approved heterogeneous nature of catalysis.
Prognostic impact of interstitial lung disease on pulmonary high-grade neuroendocrine carcinoma
Authors: Sakai Takashi , Azuma Yoko , Kusano Megumi , Kato Shumpei , Koezuka Satoshi , Iyoda Akira 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Pulmonary high-grade neuroendocrine carcinomas (HGNECs) have poor prognoses and require multimodal treatment, and interstitial lung disease (ILD) restricts sufficient treatment of patients with lung cancer. We aimed to clarify ILD’s prognostic impact on pulmonary HGNEC, which has previously gone unreported. We retrospectively analyzed 53 patients with HGNEC who underwent resections at our department between 2006 and 2021 and evaluated the clinicopathological prognostic features, including ILD. The patients’ mean age was 70 years; 46 (87%) were male, and all were smokers. Large-cell neuroendocrine and small-cell lung carcinomas were diagnosed in 36 (68%) and 17 (32%) patients, respectively. The pathological stages were stage I, II, and III in 31 (58%), 11 (21%), and 11 (21%) patients, respectively. Nine patients (17%) had ILD, a significant overall survival prognostic factor in a multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis (p = 0.032), along with non-administration of platinum-based adjuvant chemotherapy (p = 0.002), non-receival of adjuvant chemotherapy, and adverse event development. The 5-year survival rate of the ILD patients was 0%, significantly worse than that of patients without ILD (58.7%; p = 0.003). Patients with HGNEC and ILD had a poor prognosis owing to adjuvant therapy’s limited availability for recurrence and the development of AEs associated with ILD.
Integration of Mind Mapping and In-Situ Simulation Training to Enhance the Implementation of Sepsis Hour-1 Bundle Treatment
Authors: Zhao Libo , Wu Chengli , Su Jiaqiong , Bai Hao , Xia Qin , Ma Wanyu , Wang Ruixia 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background: Sepsis is one of the most challenging and complex clinical states, with persistently high mortality rates. Guidelines recommend the early identification of sepsis patients and immediate initiation of the Hour-1 Bundle treatment to reduce mortality from sepsis. Emergency nurses play a vital role in the early screening of sepsis. Studies indicate that mind mapping and In-Situ Simulation (ISS) training not only aid healthcare professionals in reinforcing theoretical knowledge retention but also enhance skills in coordination, task management, and communication during simulation exercises. This, in turn, promotes the effective implementation of various treatments during resuscitation. The combination of theoretical and practical training methods is more effective than a single training approach. In June 2023, our hospital's emergency department conducted training for emergency nurses on sepsis mind mapping combined with ISS.Objective: To explore the effect of mind mapping combined with ISS training in promoting the emergency nurses' implementation of the Hour-1 Bundle in sepsis patients.Methods: Using mind mapping and ISS training methods, 24 emergency nurses were divided into 6 groups for a 3-month training period. The study compared their pre- and post-training knowledge of sepsis, identification and diagnostic time, Hour-1 Bundle treatment completion rate, and non-technical skill scores. Post-training, the emergency nurses evaluated the training's effectiveness.Results: The scores for sepsis knowledge among emergency nurses before and after training were 44.17±9.21 and 60.42±5.29, respectively. The identification and diagnostic times (hours) were 0.63±0.18 and 0.49±0.13, respectively. The Hour-1 Bundle treatment completion rates were 58.33% and 85.7%, respectively. There was a significant increase in all non-technical skill scores, with statistical significance (P<0.05,P<0.001). After two ISS trainings, the SET-M scores progressively increased, indicating a high satisfaction rate among nurses with the mind mapping and ISS training.Conclusion: The combination of mind mapping and ISS training enables emergency nurses to identify sepsis earlier and promotes the effective implementation of the Hour-1 Bundle treatment in sepsis patients, while also enhancing their cognitive understanding of sepsis and non-technical skills.
Various Roles of Hashimoto's Thyroiditis and Thyroid Function in Papillary Thyroid Micro- and Macro-carcinoma
Authors: Zhao Lei , Zhao Min , Zhao Lianshuang 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background
Thyroid cancer (TC) is one of the most prevalent endocrine cancers. Moreover, patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) are more prone to malignant tumors. The incidence of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) combined with HT is on the rise. However, a definitive consensus remains elusive.
Methods
We retrospectively analyzed the clinical and pathological data of 2049 patients with PTC (1033 with HT and 1016 without HT). We explored its influence on extrathyroidal extension (ETE), central lymph node metastasis (CLNM), and RAF kinase, B-type (BRAF) mutations through univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses.
Results
Patients with PTC and HT exhibited a lower prevalence of ETE compared to those without HT (5.6% vs. 8.1%, P = 0.017). Notably, this trend persisted in the case of BRAF (V600E) mutations (90.1% vs. 96.2%, P < 0.001), indicating a consistent association. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that HT independently predicted a reduced risk of BRAF(V600E) mutation in both PTMC (OR: 0.35, 95% CI: 0.20–0.63) and PTC (OR: 0.40, 95% CI: 0.23–0.68), even after meticulous adjustment for age and sex. Furthermore, hypothyroidism emerged as a significant risk factor for an increased prevalence of ETE in patients with PTC (OR: 2.27, 95% CI: 1.17–6.21), but not in patients with PTMC.
Conclusion
In conclusion, HT may reduce the occurrence of BRAF mutations in patients with PTC and PTMC, whereas patients with PTC and hypothyroidism have an elevated risk of ETE. Further research is needed to explore the underlying mechanisms and ascertain potential clinical implications.
Treatment Patterns and Prognostic Factors in Stage I-III Male Breast Cancer: Multicentric Study of Turkish Socİety for Radİatİon Oncology Breast Cancer Study Group (Trod 06-013)
Authors: Aslan Dicle , Alanyalı Senem , Ozsaran Zeynep , Ibis Kamuran Arslan , Gorken Ilknur Bilkay , Sarper Emine Binnaz , Yıldız Ferah , Canbolat Hanifi Eren , Yıldırım Berna Akkus , Mermut Ozlem , Erdis Eda , Serarslan Alparslan , Bolukbası Yasemin 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Aim
Clinicopathologic,demographic characteristics, and treatment patterns of patients diagnosed with male breast cancer (MBC) and treated with adjuvant radiotherapy (RT) in the last 20 years were retrospectively analyzed.
Material and Method:
Between January 2000 and January 2021, 207 patients diagnosed with MBC, all of whom underwent RT, were recruited from 25 centers.Kaplan-Meier method was used to determine the rates of overall survival (OS),progression-free survival (PFS),and loco-regional recurrence-free survival(LRRFS).Multivariate Cox regression analysis was used to determine the relationship between histopathologic data and survival and prognostic factors.
Results
Estrogen receptor (ER) was positive in 93% and progesterone receptor (PR) in 83.4% patients.Human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2) was negative in 75.4%.In multivariate analysis; > 5 cm tumor, > 50 years of age, pathological lymph node stage(pN) as pN2 or pN3, pathological tumor stage (pT) as pT3 or pT4, TNM stage III, nipple invasion, skin invasion, and ER negativity was related with shortened OS.These prognostic factors for PFS and LRRFS were similar except ER status.There was no difference in survival rates between pN0 and pN1 groups nor pT1 and pT2 groups.OS and LRRFS were longer in patients treated with endocrine therapy (ET). However,there was no difference between the tamoxifen (TMX) group and the aromatase inhibitor (AI) + luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonist (LHRH-a) group (p > 0.05).
Conclusion
The most important poor prognostic factors in MBC were tumor size exceeding 5 cm,pN2 and above, and age > 50 years at first diagnosis.We also found that adjuvant ET was beneficial for survival,but there was no difference between the AI and TMX groups.
Sleep-promotion of probiotics-fermented Gastrodia elata Bl.: Chemical variation and omics exploration.
Authors: Zhang Qiang , zhang chaoqi , zhang xudong , wang yan , liu yihan , zhang cunli 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Fermentation of Chinese herbal medicines (CHM) could enhance its bioactivities. We hypothesized probiotic-fermented GE with better potential to alleviate insomnia than thatof unfermented, thus the changes in chemical composition and the insomnia-alleviating effects and mechanisms of fermented GE on PTZ-induced insomnia zebrafish were explored via HPLC and LCMS, phenotypic, transcriptomic, and metabolomics analysis. The results demonstrated that probiotic fermented GE performed better than unfermented GE in increasing the content of chemical composition, reducing the displacement, average speed, and number of apoptotic cells in zebrafish with insomnia. Metabolomic investigation showed that the anti-insomnia effect was related to regulating the pathways of actin cytoskeleton and neuroactive ligand-receptor interactions. Transcriptomic and RT-qPCR analysis revealed that SFL significantly modulated the expression levels of neurod1, msh2, msh3, recql4, ercc5, rad5lc, and rev3l, which are mainly involved in neuron differentiation and DNA repair. Collectively, as a functional food, Fermented GE possessed potential for insomnia alleviation.
The temporal variation of CH 4 emissions embodied in Chinese supply chains, 2000-2020
Authors: Wu Jiaxi , Chen Mengxin , Sun Xialing , Meng Zheng 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Although the issue of embodied pollutants in China's supply chains has garnered increasing attention, the dynamic changes occurring within them are unclear. Several existing studies analyse one-year or short-term data in supply chain; however, conducting long-term analyses can yield a deeper understanding of the dynamic changes across the entire supply chain—from production to consumption. This study uses the environmentally extended input–output analysis (EEIOA) and structural path analysis (SPA) methods to investigate the dynamic variation of China’s embodied CH4 emissions in 20 economic sectors from 2000 to 2020, aiming to determine the key supply chain and key sectors. The results reveal that from the final demand perspective, the sector with the highest embodied CH4 emissions has changed from “Agriculture” in 2000 to “Construction” in 2010 to “Other service and activities’ in 2020. The top listed supply chain path of embodied CH4 emissions has also evolved (starting from production to consumption) from “Agriculture→Rural consumption” in 2000 to “Agriculture→Food and tobacco→Urban consumption” in 2010 to “Agriculture→ Urban consumption” in 2020. Notably, the high ranked path, “Agriculture→Food and tobacco→Rural consumption”, shows that the embodied CH4 emission flowing between agriculture and the food industry cannot be ignored. The supply chain path “Coal Mining→Nonmetal Mineral Products→Construction→Capital Formation” has risen from the 17th position in 2000 to the 3rd position in 2020. Thus, it is necessary to control CH4 emissions from sectors upstream, which are predominantly influenced by the construction industry, and a coordinated effort between sectors is also required to effectively reduce emissions. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of China's supply chain over the past two decades. In particular, it suggests policy interventions by controlling critical supply chain paths and key sectors associated with embodied CH4 emission, thereby facilitating the coordinated reduction of anthropogenic CH4 emissions.
A case of pulmonary artery tumor easily confused with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Li Xiaoliang , Yue Honghua , Liang Weitao , Wu Zhong 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background
We present a case of pulmonary artery tumor easily confused with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension; a treatment previously unreported for such cases.
Case presentation
A 58-year-old woman was admitted to emergency because of severe heart fatigue and shortness of breath. Echocardiography suggested widening of pulmonary arteries and pulmonary hypertension. She underwent a contrast-enhanced CT scan of the chest, which revealed a filling defect in the left pulmonary artery suspected pulmonary embolism. We performed a mid-thoracic operation under extracorporeal circulation. The left pulmonary artery was cut open, and a tumor-like crystal ball located in the main trunk of the left pulmonary artery, which connected to the wall of the pulmonary artery. The tumor was elliptical, very regular, approximately 2x1.5 cm in size, and had a pedicle connected to the wall of the pulmonary artery. We removed the entire tumor completely, and then we performed a detailed pathological examination, which indicates that the tumor was angiomatous fibrous histocytotoma (AFH).
Conclusions AFH is a rare intermediate soft tissue tumor whose diagnosis depends on morphology, immunohistochemistry, and molecular pathology. The treatment is mainly complete surgical resection, and long-term follow-up is required after surgery.
Environments and health in youth with chronic diseases: creating novel insights from bigdata and artificial intelligence
Authors: Scheper Mark , Muilwijk Lotte , Hoeks Sanne , Velzen Mark van , de Graaf-Waar Helen , Meeteren Nico van , Voogt Lennard , Staa Anneloes van 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Chronic conditions and multi-morbidity affect 50 million individuals within Europe and are the leading causes of disablement and death. Obesity, inactivity, chronic pain/fatigue and mental health issues are reported in 25–85% of all people with a chronic disease, irrespective of the pathological mechanism. The prevalence of comorbidity increases with age; still, in Europe, 25% of young people are affected by one or more chronic conditions. These youngsters are less likely to reach their full intellectual potential, have uncertain future perspectives, and frequently experience social exclusion. The underlying causes for the development or persistence of these comorbidities involves a myriad of complex mechanisms that are not solely disease specific but often individualized in personal and environmental factors. This complexity is challenging for health professionals and there’s a need for developing early detection tools. For this study 250 community-dwelling youth with one or more chronic conditions for over a year. Data was collected via electronic survey and combined with public data on living conditions. Machine learning RF-models were used to create risk-profiles for mental health issues, chronic fatigue, and severe disability based on 31 features. Risk profiling through RF-modelling showed adequate performance metrics, discriminating between youth who developed mental health issues, chronic fatigue, and severe disability and those who did not (ROC-AUC:.81-.86). Somatic symptoms, pain-related coping, and living environment were found to be the most contributing features to the RF-models (LIME Relative FI:7.0-24.6%). Data-supported clinical decision making can aid in identifying youth at risk for disabling comorbidities, even in non-specialized settings.
Causal relationship between COVID-19 and the risk of asthma: A Mendelian Randomisation study
Authors: Chen Xingxuan , Li Lijuan , Shi Si , Chen Hong 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
Existing research has focused on new-onset asthma and viral infections, particularly respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). However, studies on whether COVID-19 can induce asthma are limited.
Methods
We performed bidirectional two-sample Mendelian Randomization (MR) to assess the potential causal relationship between COVID-19 and asthma using genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary data obtained from the COVID-19 Host Genetic Initiative GWAS Meta-analysis Round 5 (release date: 18 January 2021). Several methods (random-effects inverse variance weighted, weighted median, MR-Egger regression, and MR-PRESSO) were used to ensure the robustness of the causal effects. Heterogeneity was measured using Cochran's Q value. Horizontal pleiotropy was evaluated using MR-Egger regression and leave-one-out analyses.
Results
We observed a significant causal association between COVID-19 hospitalisation and asthma (odds ratio (OR) = 1.042, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) = 1.004–1.081, p = 0.031), indicating a significantly increased risk of COVID-19 hospitalisation associated with asthma. However, no statistically significant causal relationships were observed for COVID-19 susceptibility (OR = 1.023, 95% CI = 0.931–1.124, p = 0.637), COVID-19 severity (OR = 1.006, 95% CI = 0.978–1.035, p = 0.669), and asthma.
Conclusions
COVID-19 can trigger the onset of asthma. Individuals experiencing prolonged coughing, chest tightness, or difficulty in breathing long after recovery from COVID-19 should remain vigilant about the possibility of developing asthma.
Uplift-induced marine regression due to the January 1, 2024, earthquake, Noto Peninsula, central Japan
Authors: Tsunetaka Haruka , Murakami Wataru , Daimaru Hiromu 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Large earthquakes instantaneously may reshape coastal landforms due to fault zone ruptures that uplift the Earth’s surface. On January 1, 2024, in the northern part of the Noto Peninsula, central Japan, an Mj7.6 (Mw7.5) earthquake occurred that triggered up to ≈ 4 m uplift. To measure the associated marine regression, orthophotos taken before and after the earthquake were analyzed, focusing on two bays on the northwestern Noto Peninsula where the largest uplift occurred. In response to the uplift, the shoreline retreated seaward (i.e., marine regression) by up to ≈ 200 m. The total area of the coastal plains increased by ≈ 0.46 km2; thus, all fishing ports in the bays dried up and were unable to function. The maximum shoreline extension occurred in the midsections of the two bays; however, shoreline extension at the edges of the bays was < 20 m, which possibly reflects the shoreface topography and sea depth before the uplift. The earthquake-induced uplift of the previously undersea rocks formed new coastal plains, which extended the total length of the rivers. Consequently, sandy beaches at two river mouths were no longer available as shoreline sediment sinks. Because of this, coastal landforms may need a long time to regain stable topographies after earthquakes.
Five new species of Pseudosperma (Inocybaceae, Agaricales) from Benin and Turkey based on morphological characteristics and phylogenetic evidence
Authors: Kaygusuz Oğuzhan , BANDINI Ditte , RÜHL Adrian , SARAWI Sepas , YOROU Nourou S. , PIEPENBRING Meike 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Species of Pseudosperma (Inocybaceae) are widely distributed from temperate to tropical regions. In this study, we describe and illustrate five new species of Pseudosperma: P. beninense, P. cremeo-ochraceum, P. squarrosofulvum, P. stramineum, and P. tiliae, based on comprehensive analyses of morphological and molecular data derived from specimens collected in Benin (West Africa) and Turkey (Western Eurasia). These new species have been found in forests with Isoberlinia spp. and other ectomycorrhizal tree species in Benin and in association with Tilia platyphyllos in Turkey. The phylogenetic relationships of the new species were inferred through analyses of nuclear rDNA sequences, encompassing the internal transcribed spacer (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2) and 28S rDNA regions. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that P. beninense, P. cremeo-ochraceum, P. squarrosofulvum, and P. stramineum from Benin cluster with species from Australia, China, and India within a clade formed exclusively by species known from the palaeotropics and Australia, whereas P. tiliae from Turkey clustered with P. mediterraneum from Italy. Detailed descriptions are provided, supplemented by illustrations and line drawings of key micromorphological features. In addition, a comparative analysis with morphologically similar and phylogenetically closely related species is presented and discussed in detail.