bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Octagonal nested CSRR sensor for improved liquid permittivity sensing
Authors: Borthakur Maitri , Buragohain Akash , Beria Yatish , Kalita Partha Protim , Doloi Trishna , Das Gouree Shankar 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In this work, an octagonal shaped CSRR has been modified to form a nested structure for achieving a better field-material interaction. This modification results in an increase in the electrical length of the resonator providing higher sensitivity while accurately determining the complex permittivity of unknown samples. The resonator has been designed using high frequency structure simulator software with its structural dimensions chosen to operate at 2.4 GHz of the ISM band. It has been fabricated on a low-cost FR4 substrate where the nested CSRR structure is etched on the ground plane. A lumped equivalent circuit model of the proposed design is further developed using advanced design system software for the validation of the operating principle of the sensor. Some commonly available liquids covering a wider range of dielectric constants have been used to develop an equation between the permittivity parameters of the liquid and the transmission coefficients of the resonator. The sensor has effectively predicted both the real and imaginary parts of permittivity of toluene and aniline used as unknown samples with accuracy as high as 97%. The average and normalized sensitivity of the proposed sensor have been found to be 78.34 MHz/ϵ′ and 3.273% respectively. A comparison of this work with other recently reported works clearly indicates the superiority of this work and its potential to be used as a dielectric sensor.
Dislocation bow-out pair-mediated migration of boundaries in a TiAl alloy
Authors: Wen Daosheng , Qiao Yang , Kong Beibei , Wang Xinwei , Qian Chunguang , Sun Yongshuo , Zhang Minghao , Lv Qinghua 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The migration of twin boundaries plays a crucial role in the formability of TiAl alloys at low temperatures. In this study, the dislocation bow-out pair-mediated migration of boundaries in TiAl alloys was systematically investigated. A model describing the interaction of Shockley dislocation bow-out pairs was developed based on the theory of dislocations. The thermodynamics of dislocation bowing were thoroughly examined, revealing the formation mechanisms of two types of dislocation bow-outs in terms of their formation energy and stress field interactions. A critical bow-out angle, φ
c, was proposed as a criterion for the transition from a triangular to a trapezoidal bow-out. Additionally, the relationship among the critical bow-out angle, maximum bow-out height, and the spacing of bow-out pairs was derived.
Effect of ultra-violet (UV) degradation on polyvinyl fluoride (PVF) films: investigating structural, thermal, surface, and mechanical properties
Authors: Chehat N , Doulache N , Sali S 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This paper investigates the effect of UVC irradiation on the structural, thermal, mechanical, and surface properties of polyvinyl fluoride (PVF) films. To achieve this, PVF films were characterized using Raman and FTIR spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction (XRD), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Nano-indentation, optical profilometer, and x-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). Raman and FTIR spectroscopy revealed significant changes in band intensities, indicating alterations in the chemical structure, such as crosslinking and chain scission and oxidation. XRD analysis confirmed these findings, showing changes in microstrain consistent with the shifts observed in Raman bands. FTIR spectra also showed the formation of carbonyl (C=O) and C=C stretching groups, indicative of oxidation and photodegradation processes. DSC analysis revealed that crystallinity and Tg increased up to 72 h of exposure, after which both decreased. These changes in crystallinity indicate a complex interplay between chain scission and cross-linking mechanisms. Mechanical testing demonstrated corresponding trends in hardness and Young’s modulus, aligning with changes in crystallinity. Surface roughness increased, while the contact angle decreased, indicating enhanced hydrophilicity with prolonged UVC exposure, attributed to photo-oxidation. XPS analysis highlighted significant surface chemical changes, including an increased O/C ratio due to photo-oxidation, which correlated with contact angle and FTIR findings.
Informing grassland ecosystem modeling with in-situ and remote sensing observations
Authors: Arteaga Johny , Hartman Melannie D , Parton William J , Chen Maosi , Gao Wei 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We simulated historical grassland aboveground plant productivity (ANPP) across the midwestern and western contiguous United States using the DayCent-UV ecosystem model. For this study we developed new methods for informing DayCent-UV of growing season length and validating its plant productivity estimates for grasslands by utilizing a wide range of data sources at multiple scales, from field observations to remotely sensed satellite data. The model’s phenology was informed by the MODIS MCD12Q2 product, which showed good agreement with in-situ observations of growing season commencement and duration across different grassland ecosystems, and with observed historical trends. Model results from each simulated grid cell were compared to a remote-sensing estimate of grassland plant productivity offered by the Rangeland Analysis Platform (RAP). We determined that a modified RAP ANPP calculation that incorporated total annual precipitation instead of mean annual temperature to estimate the fraction of total productivity allocated to roots improved temporal correlations between RAP and field measurements and between RAP and DayCent-UV, We found that RAP provides a valuable data set for evaluating grassland ANPP predictions from ecosystem and other types of models because it provides estimates of grassland plant productivity over large spatial regions and a long historical period and captures temporal variablilty in plant production. This work provides the foundation for using the DayCent-UV model to predict climate change impacts on grassland cecosystem dynamics in the contiguous US.
A Darcy–Forchheimer fluid model with fuzzy norms in variable exponent sequence spaces
Authors: Díaz Palencia José Luis 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The Darcy–Forchheimer model extends Darcy’s law to account for nonlinear inertial effects in fluid dynamics. This paper integrates fuzzy logic and variable exponent sequence spaces into the model to address the inherent uncertainties and heterogeneities in porous media. Through Fredholm operator theory and fixed-point theorems, we establish the existence and uniqueness of solutions to the nonlinear system. Numerical investigations highlight the impact of varying porous media conditions on fluid behavior. As a main outcome, we observe that solutions exhibit a smooth behavior for moderate levels of permeability and porosity in the media, while for increased fuzzy norms in both media properties, the fluid velocity profile exhibits fluctuations due to the influence of the fuzzy terms.
Optimization of silver/graphene composite coating for GIL touch spring based on cyanide-free electroplating technology
Authors: Yan Jiahao , Wang Qian , Zhang Zichen , Chen Miaomiao , Yang Hao 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The Gas Insulated Line (GIL) spring contact finger, a critical component connecting GIL units, undergoes displacement over time due to factors such as equipment vibration. This displacement induces friction and wear between the contact finger and the current-carrying conductor, altering the contact state, increasing contact resistance, and adversely affecting electrical power transmission. Moreover, metal debris generated from friction can cause partial discharges within GIL equipment, potentially leading to insulation breakdown and significant equipment damage. To address these challenges, this study proposes the incorporation of graphene into the existing silver-plated layer of the contact finger to enhance wear resistance and optimize overall performance. A silver/graphene composite coating was fabricated using a cyanide-free silver-plating technique based on a thiosulfate system. The coating performance was optimized by varying both the coating thickness and graphene content. Performance evaluation using radar charts identified the optimal coating parameters. Results indicated that at a cathodic current density of 0.4–0.6 A dm−2, the coating surface was smooth, graphene was uniformly distributed, and adhesion was strong. Specifically, a coating thickness of 10 μm with 8.23% graphene content maintained a stable friction coefficient around 1, reduced contact resistance by approximately 100 μΩ compared to pure silver, increased hardness by 7.08 HV, and preserved thermal conductivity and corrosion resistance. In conclusion, the addition of graphene to the silver coating significantly enhances wear resistance, and an appropriate coating thickness effectively improves overall performance. The optimal coating parameters of 10 μm thickness and 8.23% graphene content meet the requirements for performance optimization.
Static and dynamic assessments of park accessibility and equity across different living circles in shenzhen’s core area
Authors: Huang Zhongshan , Jia Qiyue , Luo Shixian , Tu Zhigang , Zhao Lei , Li Siyuan , Lu Zhengyan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
With the rapid expansion of cities, the demand for park green spaces within urban living circles is increasing. Enhancing park accessibility and distributional equity has become an important avenue for improving urban residents’ quality of life. However, existing studies mainly rely on static population data, neglecting the impact of residents’ dynamic location changes on park accessibility, and lack a systematic analysis across different living circles. To fill this research gap, this paper takes the urban core area of Shenzhen as a case study. By combining static and dynamic population data and employing the improved dynamic two-step floating catchment area (D2SFCA) and the traditional two-step floating catchment area (2SFCA) methods, we systematically evaluate the walkability and equity of parks within different living circles (5-, 15-, and 30 min). The results show significant differences between static and dynamic population distributions, with overall park accessibility being lower for the dynamic population than for the static population. Within the 5 min living circle, the Gini coefficient for the static population is 0.952 but reaches as high as 0.971 for the dynamic population, indicating extreme inequity in park distribution within short walking distances. In the 15- and 30 min living circles, the Gini coefficients for the static population are 0.813 and 0.731, respectively, while those for the dynamic population are 0.882 and 0.785, indicating that the degree of inequitable park resource distribution decreases with increased walking time. Overall, the study reveals that park accessibility for the static population is significantly higher than that for the dynamic population across different living circles, especially within short-time living circles where the difference is most pronounced.
A graph neural network simulation of dispersed systems
Authors: Hashemi Aref , Izadkhah Aliakbar 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We present a graph neural network (GNN) that accurately simulates a multidisperse suspension of interacting spherical particles. Our machine learning framework is built upon the recent work of Sanchez-Gonzalez et al (2020 ICML vol 119 (PMLR) pp 8459–68) on graph network simulators, and efficiently learns the intricate dynamics of the interacting particles. Nodes and edges of the GNN correspond, respectively, to the particles with their individual properties/data (e.g. radius, position, velocity) and the pairwise interactions between the particles (e.g. electrostatics, hydrodynamics). A key contribution of our work is to account for the finite dimensions of the particles and their impact on the system dynamics. We test our GNN against a representative case study of a multidisperse mixture of two-dimensional spheres sedimenting under gravity in a liquid and interacting with each other by a Lennard–Jones potential. The present GNN framework offers a fast and accurate method for the theoretical study of complex physical systems such as field-induced behavior of colloidal suspensions and ionic liquids. Our implementation of the GNN is available on GitHub at github.com/rfjd/GNS-DispersedSystems.
From Parental Morality to Political Morality
Authors: Clayton Matthew 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter addresses the implications of independence for children as a conception of parental morality for how governments ought to regulate education and the upbringing of children. It begins by distinguishing between the concepts of justice and legitimacy, and itemizing different ways of regulating society. The central argument of the chapter is that, because they would wrong their child if they enrolled her into a particular religion, parents lack a moral claim to the legal right to enrol their children. The chapter proceeds to examine the implications of independence for children for the political community’s regulation of upbringing in both ideal and non-ideal circumstances. The particular focus is education policy, and an argument is offered for the phased abolition of religious schools.
Storage
Authors: Leachman Jacob W , Wilhelmsen Øivind , Matveev Konstantin I 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The chapter covers modeling of processes inside liquid hydrogen storage tanks, such as autogenous pressurization and venting of boil-off gas to keep pressure within specified limits, as well as materials commonly used for thermal insulation of tank walls. Reduced-order modeling is based on fundamental mass and energy conservation equations, whereas different heat- and mass transfer-mechanisms are evaluated using theoretical or empirical correlations. Examples are presented for several operational scenarios with tanks of different shapes, sizes, and insulations. Passive and active cooling techniques are considered, such as vapor-cooled shielding, para–orthohydrogen conversion of vented gas, and application of cryocoolers. The calculated trends for boil-off losses in tanks with venting and pressure rise in closed tanks are presented for variable system parameters, including a validation case for a zero-boil-off cycle in a large-scale tank and a techno-economic example for different storage techniques.
2672 Exploring stakeholders’ experiences implementing a navigation program for people living with dementia and their carers
Authors: MacNeil L , Doucet S , Luke A , Faig K , Jarrett P 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Introduction
Navigating dementia care is challenging, but patient navigation (PN) offers valuable support for this population. The ‘Navigating Dementia NB/Naviguer la démence NB’ program piloted a PN program in New Brunswick, Canada, targeting people living with dementia (PLWD) and their carers. The program aimed to assist participants in navigating health and social care systems, matching their needs with available services.

Methods
Navigating Dementia NB was co-developed by researchers, patient partners, and clinicians. This pilot program embedded six PNs in primary care clinics/centres across the province between July 2022 and July 2023. Using a mixed methods approach, participant surveys and interviews were used to explore program benefits and recommendations for improvement. Focus groups were used to explore facilitators and barriers to program development and implementation.

Results
There were 150 participants (PLWD and carer dyads) enrolled in the PN program who provided informed consent. Interviews were conducted with 36 PLWD and their carers. Focus groups were conducted with nine members of the research team and five patient navigators. Program benefits included: emotional support from navigators, provision of relevant information, and facilitating connections to appropriate services. Recommendations for improvement included: the need for PLWD and their carers to have access earlier in the patient journey and the need to reassess provincial policies related to home care support. Facilitators for implementing a PN program included: providing appropriate staff training and leveraging established connections within the health and social systems. Barriers included a compressed timeline and existing systemic issues to service access.

Conclusions
The findings suggest that embedding PN for PLWD in community based primary care can be done. The program was beneficial for PWLD and their caregivers/care partners. Future plans involve partnering with government to support the implementation and evaluation of a province-wide scale-up of the PN program for this population.
2773 Co-designing an intervention for older adults with multiple conditions, using changes in physical activities to predict decline
Authors: Henderson I , Sheppard JP , Barnes R , McManus RJ 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Introduction
Multiple long-term conditions (MLTCs) are common in the population, which increase with age and are associated with increased hospital admissions. Identifying early signs of decline, such as restricted physical activity, could help reduce avoidable hospitalisations, however it is not clear how best to do this.

Aim
To co-design with patients, caregivers and primary care professionals (PCPs), an intervention aimed at identifying changes in activity in order to recognise decline in older adults with MLTCs.

Methods
The Person-Based Approach was followed to plan and develop this intervention. Qualitative interviews were conducted with older patients with MLTCs, caregivers, and PCPs to examine perspectives on an intervention measuring changes in physical activity. A prototype app was developed, using these results and patient and public involvement. This was further optimised through iterative think-aloud interviews with patients, caregivers, and PCPs.

Results
Thirty-six interviews were conducted comprising of 17 patients (mean age 79-years, 23% female), eight caregivers and 11 PCPs (GPs, nurses, occupational therapists, and pharmacists). Interviews were recorded, transcribed, and thematically analysed. Findings highlighted the importance of restricted activity as an indicator of decline. Patients often described their experiences of decline through non-specific symptoms, including changes in physical activity. PCPs emphasised the value of knowing about such changes to clinical decision-making. Different technology options for measuring activity were explored, considering data quality, and acceptability of passive/active data collection. The initial prototype intervention was designed for iterative testing and think-aloud interviews will be completed by November and presented.

Conclusion
This study highlights the utility of measuring changes in activity in older patients, and some benefits and lessons learned from co-design. A proactive approach to detecting early decline within community settings may provide opportunities to unplanned hospital admissions.
2772 Poor appetite predicts worse health in community dwelling older adults
Authors: Cox NJ , Lim SER , Sayer AA , Robinson SM 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Introduction
Poor appetite affects 15–20% of community dwelling older adults. Studies link poor appetite with frailty and sarcopenia; however, lack of longitudinal evidence exists to inform potential causality. We aimed to determine if poor appetite predicts frailty or sarcopenia-related factors in community dwelling older adults.

Methods
Secondary data analysis on adults aged &gt;60 years recruited from, syncope, fragility fracture and comprehensive geriatric assessment clinics with 2.5 year follow up. Appetite was assessed by Simplified Nutritional Appetite Questionnaire (SNAQ); a score of &lt;14/20 defining poor appetite. Hand grip strength (HGS) was measured using a dynamometer, low HGS was defined by European criteria (&lt;27 kg for males and &lt; 16 kg for females). Frailty was measured using self-report of Fried phenotype.

Results
86 participants, mean age of 78 years, 62% female. Sixty-two (72%) were followed up, of those 9 had died. Baseline mean SNAQ score was 15.2 (SD 8.1); 14 (16.3%) scored &lt;14. Mean SNAQ score for the 53 participants at 2.5 year follow up was 14.9, 12 (14%) scored &lt;14. Baseline and follow up SNAQ scores correlated moderately (Pearson’s r = 0.5; P = &lt;.001). Fifteen (28%) individuals had low HGS at follow up, 12 had frailty (22%). Baseline SNAQ score &lt; 14 was associated with increased odds of frailty (OR 18.00; 95% CI 2.92–111.00) and low HGS (OR 7.76; 95% CI 1.62–37.30) after 2.5 years. The association of baseline SNAQ &lt;14 with presence of frailty was robust to adjustment for age and comorbidities (OR 13.50; 95% CI 1.14–160.03), while association with low HGS was attenuated (OR 2.29; 95% CI 0.27–19.39).

Conclusion
Poor appetite is predictive of presence of frailty and low HGS after 2.5 years in community dwelling older adults. This suggests poor appetite as causative in the development of poor health outcomes in older people and so a key intervention target to optimise healthy ageing.
2784 Respiratory syncytial virus hospitalisation burden in older adults in Europe: preliminary results from a systematic analysis
Authors: Ashraf S ,   on behalf of the authors: T Zhang, Ma S , Miao Y , Sun S , Nair H , Fonseca M , Reeves R , Marijam A , Wang X , Li Y 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Introduction
The disease burden of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in older adults is substantial but not well quantified previously. We aimed to estimate country-specific hospitalisation burden of RSV-associated acute respiratory infection in older adults (&gt;60 years) in Europe.

Methods
We collected published data (through a systematic review) and unpublished data (from GSK-sponsored studies and international collaborators) on RSV hospitalisation burden. We used multiple imputation for missing age bands. We applied stepwise statistical adjustment to account for case under ascertainment related to the variations in case definitions, clinical specimens and RSV diagnostic tests in individual studies. We reported country-level RSV hospitalisation rates for countries with ≥1 eligible study reporting point estimate and 95% confidence interval (CI) of the rates (a random-effects meta-analysis was conducted when ≥2 studies were available). As an alternative method, we additionally included studies not reporting 95% CI and calculated the median of the rate point estimates.

Results
Seven studies were included from five countries: Denmark (1), Finland (1), Netherlands (1), Spain (1) and UK (3). Denmark and Spain had the highest and lowest adjusted RSV-associated hospitalisation rate (408/100000, 95% CI: 319–516; and 176/100000, 137–226) in &gt;60 years, which was about 2.4 times the unadjusted estimate. The alternative method with 5 more studies added had similar estimates for the five countries; another country (Norway) was added and it had the highest adjusted hospitalisation rate (742/100000). RSV-associated hospitalisation rate increased with increasing age across all countries.

Conclusions
With RSV vaccines now approved for use in older adults, our findings help inform the need for country-level RSV prevention.