bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A hand method for predicting the stability of regular buildings, using frequency measurements
Authors: Zalka K. A. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractIn combining two theoretical methods developed for the stability and frequency analyses of buildings and making use of experimental data obtained from the measurement of the fundamental frequency, a simple and reliable procedure is presented for the determination of the global critical load of regular building structures. It can be used for checking the stability and assessing the structural performance of existing buildings. The procedure is based on a closed‐form solution and design tables facilitating prompt calculation and can be carried out in minutes. The experimental data needed for the procedure is the fundamental frequency of the building, which can be obtained from standard measurements. The validity of the procedure is not dependent on the height of the building; it is equally applicable to low, medium‐rise and tall buildings. The results of tests on a small‐scale model are given for verification purposes. A worked example shows the easy use of the method. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Setting biological reference points for Atlantic salmon stocks: transfer of information from data-rich to sparse-data situations by Bayesian hierarchical modelling
Authors: Prévost Etienne , Parent Eric , Crozier Walter , Davidson Ian , Dumas Jacques , Gudbergsson Gudni , Hindar Kjetil , McGinnity Phil , MacLean Julian , Sættem Leif M 
Published: November 2003

AbstractWe present an application of Bayesian hierarchical modelling of stock–recruitment (SR) relationships aiming at estimating Biological Reference Points (BRP) for European Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) stocks. The structure of the hierarchical SR model developed distinguishes two nested levels of randomness, within-river and between rivers. It is an extension of the classical Ricker model, where the parameters of the Ricker function are assumed to be different between rivers, but drawn from a common probability distribution conditionally on two covariates: river size and latitude. The output of ultimate interest is the posterior predictive distribution of the SR parameters and their associated BRP for a new river with no SR data.The flexible framework of the Bayesian hierarchical SR analysis is a step towards making the most comprehensive use of detailed stock monitoring programs for improving management advice. Posterior predictive inferences may be imprecise due to the relative paucity of information introduced in the analysis compared to the variability of the stochastic process modeled. Even in such cases, direct extrapolation of results from local data-rich stocks should be dismissed as it can lead to a major underestimation of our uncertainty about management parameters in sparse-data situations. The aggregation of several stocks under a regional complex improves the precision of the posterior predictive inferences. When several stocks are managed jointly, even imprecise knowledge about each component of the aggregate can be valuable. The introduction of covariates to explain between stock variations provides a significant gain in the precision of the posterior predictive inferences. Because we must be able to measure the covariates for all the stocks of interest, i.e. mostly sparse-data cases, the number of covariates which can be used in practice is limited. The definition of the assemblage of stocks which we model as exchangeable units, conditionally on the covariates, remains the most influential choice to be made when attempting to transfer information from data-rich to sparse-data situations.
Quantification of annual variations in fishing power due to vessel characteristics: an application to the bottom-trawlers of South-Brittany targeting anglerfish (Lophius budegassa and Lophius piscatorius)
Authors: Mahévas S , Sandon Y , Biseau A 
Published: November 2003

Abstract
We present a method based on generalised linear models fitted to CPUE data to quantify the changes in fishing power in a fleet targeting a particular species. Changes in the fleet's fishing power are differentiated from variations in population abundance through the use of an abundance index estimated from the CPUE of an index vessel catching the species as by-catch. Observed inter-vessel differences in efficiency are then explained by vessel characteristics such as gear used, engine power, length of headline and ground rope, availability of GPS and skipper skills. The application of the method to the French bottom-trawlers targeting anglerfish in the Bay of Biscay and in the Celtic Sea during the period 1983–1998 reveals that fishing gear (twin or simple trawls) and engine power are the most important variables for explaining differences in fishing power.
Nous présentons une méthode basée sur l'utilisation de modèles linéaires généralisés ajustés à des données de CPUE pour quantifier les changements de puissances de pêche dans une flottille ciblant une espèce particulière. Les changements de puissance de pêche sont distingués des variations d'abondance de la population en utilisant un indice d'abondance estimé à partir des CPUE d'un bateau témoin capturant cette espèce de manière accessoire. Les différences d'efficacité observées entre les bateaux sont ensuite expliquées par les caractéristiques techniques telles que l'engin utilisé, la puissance motrice, la longueur de la corde de dos, le bourrelet, la possession d'un GPS et l'expérience du capitaine. L'application de la méthode aux chalutiers de fond français ciblant la baudroie dans le golfe de Gascogne et la mer Celtique sur la période 1983–1998 a montré que la puissance motrice et l'engin de pêche (chalut jumeau ou simple) étaient les facteurs qui expliquaient le plus les différences de puissance de pêche.
ESID, Dissemination, and Community Psychology: A Case of Partial Implementation?
Authors: Gray Denis O. , Jakes Susan S. , Emshoff James , Blakely Craig 
Published: November 2003

AbstractDissemination, the second stage of Experimental Social Innovation and Dissemination (ESID) is a critical, if not defining, element of this social change model. This paper attempts to assess the extent to which community psychology has adopted and implemented ESID's dissemination focus in its training and publications. We identify four levels of commitment to dissemination: dissemination advocate, dissemination activist, dissemination researcher, and experimental dissemination researcher. Content analyses of textbooks, journal publications, and conference papers and a brief survey of doctoral training in the field were conducted. Findings suggest that the dissemination aspects of ESID have been modestly and partially implemented within the field. That is, although there is some evidence of a commitment to dissemination practice (advocate, activist), there is much less evidence of a commitment to dissemination research. The implications of these findings for the effectiveness of the ESID model and for training and practice in community psychology are discussed.
Diagnostic value of sonohysterography in the evaluation of submucosal fibroids and endometrial polyps
Authors: Nass Duce Meltem , Öz Utku , Özer Caner , Yildiz Altan , Apaydin Feramuz Demir , Çil Filiz 
Published: November 2003

AbstractAims:  To evaluate the diagnostic value of sonohysterography in the evaluation of submucosal fibroids and endometrial polyps.Methods:  Thirty‐two women whose preliminary transvaginal ultrasound suggested endometrial abnormality underwent sonohysterography. The findings were then compared with histopathological results.Results:  The sonohysterographic diagnosis was fibroid in seven patients, endometrial polyp in 23 patients and simple hyperplasia in two patients. Histopathological findings confirmed our diagnosis in all except three patients with endometrial polyps, who had normal secretory endometrium. Sonohysterography was found to have a sensitivity of 100%, a positive predictive value of 90% and diagnostic accuracy of 90.6%.Conclusion:  Sonohysterography is a useful, minimally invasive and accurate technique to evaluate the pathologies involving endometrium and uterine cavity.
Gingival crevicular fluid levels of aspartate amino transferase, sulfide ions and N‐benzoyl‐dl‐arginine‐2‐naphthylamide in diabetic patients with chronic periodontitis
Authors: Yucekal‐Tuncer B. , Uygur C. , Firatli E. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractBackground: The aim of this study is to analyze the correlations between plaque index (PlI), gingival index (GI), probable pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment level (CAL), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), N‐benzoyl‐dl‐arginine‐2‐naphthylamide (BANA) and sulfide ion activity (SIA) of diabetic patients with chronic periodontitis with regard to disease activity detected by AST levels.Material and Methods: A total of 95 sites from eight diabetic patients with chronic periodontitis and 74 sites from eight systemically healthy patients with chronic periodontitis were enrolled in the study. The patients had no history of periodontal treatment or any antibiotic therapy during the last 6 months and were nonsmokers. All the sites selected for the study had a CAL of at least 2 mm. Gingival crevicular fluid volumes (GCFV) were measured in all sites.Results: According to the result of AST analysis, 45 sites were AST positive and 50 were AST negative in the diabetic group and 36 sites were AST positive and 38 were AST negative in the control group. There was a significant correlation between BANA hydrolysis and PPD in both diabetic and control groups, but no correlation between PPD and AST levels. A significant correlation was observed between AST‐positive sites and GI, but not between GI and BANA hydrolysis. In both groups, the correlation between SIA and BANA hydrolysis was significant, but no correlation was revealed between SIA and AST levels in either diabetic or control groups.Conclusion: The GCF metabolites had significant correlations with periodontally diseased sites in patients with chronic periodontitis, whether diabetic or systemically healthy, and may help to confirm clinical findings.
Research into patients’ perspectives: relevance and usefulness of phenomenological sociology
Authors: Edwards Carol , Titchen Angie 
Published: November 2003

Background.  The dominant epistemology underpinning much inquiry in the field of patient evaluation of health care is positivist, with categorization and quantification being high priorities, despite the highly personal and dynamic nature of people's responses to their health care experiences. The mis‐match between underpinning theoretical assumptions and the nature of the subject under investigation has led to ineffectiveness in much current inquiry into patients’ perspectives. More needs to be learnt about patients’ processes of evaluation prior to any summary assessment of the quality of their care.Aims.  This paper documents the search for a close fit between a study's research questions and a theoretical perspective with which to underpin the research. It describes the benefits of identifying a specifically relevant perspective, in this case phenomenological sociology, and discusses the potential of that particular perspective to underpin research within health care.Methods.  Research questions relating to patients’ processes of evaluation were established. The possible contribution of a range of interpretative methodologies was considered. While all were relevant to some degree, phenomenological sociology was identified as having considerable specific potential to illuminate the patient's process of evaluation.Findings.  The particular strengths of phenomenological sociology relevant to the investigation of patients’ processes of reflection are in highlighting the importance of subjectivity; its insistence on a clear link from theoretical development right back to the raw data; its wealth of evocative ideas and concepts that support the investigation of the development of interpretation; and the relatively accessible language and style of its texts.Conclusion.  Time spent evaluating the potential contribution of different theoretical perspectives to a study is worthwhile, as a good choice can not only support but also enhance the quality of the research. Phenomenological sociology has much potential to underpin research into patient evaluation of health care and in nursing research more widely.
Educational needs of families caring for Chinese patients with schizophrenia
Authors: Chien Wai‐Tong , Norman Ian 
Published: November 2003

Background.  Schizophrenia is a disruptive and distressing illness for patients and family members who care for them. As in Western countries more than 20% of people with schizophrenia in Hong Kong are discharged to their homes, but their families are unprepared to care for them. Studies of caregivers’ opinions about the information required to supervise patients are limited, particularly for the purposes of optimizing family‐centred care.Aim.  The aim of this study was to identify the educational needs of Chinese families caring for a relative with schizophrenia.Methods.  A cross‐sectional survey was conducted in Hong Kong with a random sample of 204 family members caring for a relative with schizophrenia. A Chinese version of the Modified Educational Needs Questionnaire, validated in a previous study, was used to identify educational needs that family caregivers considered important in caring for mentally ill relatives.Findings.  Educational needs perceived as important by caregivers included gaining information about early warning signs of illness and relapse, effects of medication and ways of coping with patients’ bizarre and assaulting behaviour. Gender, education level and closeness of the relationship with the patient correlated positively and significantly with need importance. Conversely, the relationship between duration of caring for patient and need importance correlated significantly but negatively, indicating the adverse effect of enduring mental illness on family caregivers’ interest in mental health education.Conclusion.  This study emphasizes the importance of assessing specific family needs in caring for a relative with mental illness. It also raises concern about the negative effects of the length of time of caring for such patients and the role of socio‐economic factors on the perceived educational needs of these families.
The outcome of unrelated donor stem cell transplantation for patients with multiple myeloma
Authors: Shaw Bronwen E. , Peggs Karl , Bird Jennifer M. , Cavenagh Jamie , Hunter A. , Alejandro Madrigal J. , Russell Nigel H. , Sirohi Bhawna , Towlson Keiren , Williams Catherine D. , Marks David I. 
Published: November 2003

Summary.  We performed a retrospective analysis of outcome in 45 patients with multiple myeloma receiving unrelated donor stem cell transplants (UD‐SCT) in the UK between 1993 and 2002; 17 received myeloablative conditioning regimens and 28 received reduced intensity conditioning (RIC) protocols. Forty patients received pretransplant CAMPATH serotherapy. Forty‐two of 45 patients had detectable disease at transplant, but 33 of 45 were chemoresponsive. Sixty per cent of patients had received a previous autograft. Myeloid engraftment was seen in 95% of recipients and was significantly faster in recipients receiving peripheral blood stem cells (P = 0·07) and RIC (P = 0·001). The incidence of severe (grade 3/4) acute graft versus host disease (aGvHD) was 5% (2/40). The 100‐d non‐relapse mortality was 18% (5/38) following RIC and 53% (9/17) following myeloablative regimens. Twenty‐nine per cent of patients achieved a complete remission, 61% a partial remission, giving a 90% overall response rate. At median follow‐up (513 d), overall survival was 40%: 54% in the RIC group (median follow‐up: 489 d) and 18% in the myeloablative group (median follow‐up: 560 d). In recipients of UD‐SCT, RIC protocols that incorporated CAMPATH were associated with faster myeloid engraftment, less severe aGvHD and lower 100‐d non‐relapse mortality than myeloablative regimens, without a corresponding rise in relapse rate during the period of observation.
Default cycle phases determined after modifying discrete DNA sequences in plant cells
Authors: Sans J. , Leyton C. , Giménez‐Abián M. I. , Giménez‐Abián J. F. , Aller P. , De la Torre C. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractAfter bromosubstituting DNA sequences replicated in the first, second, or third part of the S phase, in Allium cepa L. meristematic cells, radiation at 313 nm wavelength under anoxia allowed ascription of different sequences to both the positive and negative regulation of some cycle phase transitions. The present report shows that the radiation forced cells in late G1 phase to advance into S, while those in G2 remained in G2 and cells in prophase returned to G2 when both sets of sequences involved in the positive and negative controls were bromosubstituted and later irradiated. In this way, not only G2 but also the S phase behaved as cycle phases where cells accumulated by default when signals of different sign functionally cancelled out. The treatment did not halt the rates of replication or transcription of plant bromosubstituted DNA. The irradiation under hypoxia apparently prevents the binding of regulatory proteins to Br‐DNA.
EGF effects on p53 in MDA‐468 human breast cancer cells: implications for G1 arrest
Authors: Prasad K. A. N. , Church J. G. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractEGF, in pharmacological concentrations, inhibits cell proliferation of the MDA‐468 human breast cancer cell line. Previously, we have demonstrated that this was characterized by a reversible cell cycle arrest at the G1‐S boundary, concomitant with downregulation of mRNA levels for p53 (a point mutant, p53273.His). Since p53273.His is regarded as a gain‐of‐function mutant and acts to enhance cell proliferation, we hypothesized that the G1 arrest induced by EGF might be mediated by p53273.His. In this study, we report an EGF‐dependent altered conformation as indicated by immunofluorescence, while no significant immediate effects of EGF‐treatment on p53273.His protein levels and synthesis were observed. These experiments demonstrated a decreased PAb 240 (mutant‐specific) reactivity of nuclear p53273.His in EGF‐treated cells, while that of PAb 1620 (wild‐type specific) was enhanced. Staining with PAb 1801 (pan specific), on the other hand, showed little change upon EGF treatment. Further studies indicated a decreased phosphorylation of nuclear p53273. His in EGF‐treated cells. These EGF‐dependent events were detected early enough to be attributed as causative of cell cycle arrest. We suggest that EGF‐mediated, phosphorylation‐dependent conformational change in nuclear p53273.His, and in turn altered p53 function, may be responsible for EGF‐dependent growth inhibition MDA‐468 cells.
GH treatment and its effect on bone mineral density, bone maturation and growth in short children born small for gestational age: 3‐year results of a randomized, controlled GH trial
Authors: Arends N. J. T. , Boonstra V. H. , Mulder P. G. H. , Odink R. J. H. , Stokvis‐Brantsma W. H. , Rongen‐Westerlaken C. , Mulder J. C. , Delemarre‐Van de Waal H. , Reeser H. M. , Jansen M. , Waelkens J. J. J. , Hokken‐Koelega A. C. S. 
Published: November 2003

Summarybackground  To investigate in a group of short children born small for gestational age (SGA), the effects of 3 years of GH treatment vs. no treatment on bone age (BA), height and bone mineral density (BMD). Also, to evaluate the influence of the severity of growth retardation at start and the GH dose on the gain in height.patients and methods  The study design was an open‐labelled, controlled multicentre GH study for 3 years. Non‐GH‐deficient (GHD) children (n = 87) were randomized to either a GH group (n = 61) or an untreated control group (n = 26). In addition, 12 SGA children had GHD (GHD group) and were treated in parallel. Both the GH and the GHD group were treated with a GH dose of 33 µg/kg/day. BMD was evaluated using dual energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DEXA). In addition, data of our first GH trial in which short SGA children were treated with a GH dose of 66 µg/kg/day (n = 24) were used for comparison of height gain.results  In contrast to the control group, the GH group showed a significant increase in height (P < 0·001), as did the parallel GHD group. Bone maturation [Δ bone age (BA)/Δ calendar age (CA)] increased significantly during the first 2 years of GH treatment but slowed‐down thereafter. The 3‐year ΔBA/ΔCA ratio correlated significantly with the gain in height (r = 0·6, P < 0·001). At start, mean BMD SDS and mean BMAD SDS were significantly lower than zero. During GH treatment both increased impressively (P < 0·001). The gain in height of children with severe short stature at start (≤ −3·00 SDS), did not differ between those receiving either a GH dose of 33 or 66 µg/kg/day.conclusion  Three years of GH treatment in short children born SGA results in a normalization of height during childhood. Also, bone maturation increased proportionately to the height gain. At start, mean values of BMD and BMAD were significantly reduced but normalized during GH treatment. We did not find an indication to treat very short SGA children (H SDS ≤−3·00) with a higher GH dose. We rather suggest to start GH treatment at an early age in order to achieve a normal height before puberty starts.
A dose–response study of salivary cortisol after dexamethasone suppression test in Cushing's disease and its potential use in the differential diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome
Authors: Castro Margaret , Elias Lucila L. K. , Elias Paula C. L. , Moreira Ayrton C. 
Published: November 2003

Summaryobjective  A dose–response study with different doses of dexamethasone (dex) to assess the corticotrophic resistance in Cushing's disease (CD) using salivary cortisol as an end point has not yet been evaluated. We also reported our experience with salivary cortisol compared to plasma cortisol determination during dex suppression test (DST) and after ovine corticotrophin release hormone (oCRH) test in the differential diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome (CS).design  We studied 46 patients with CS, including 28 patients with CD, 16 with adrenal disease and two with occult ectopic adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) tumours. Salivary cortisol was compared to plasma cortisol and ACTH during a DST 2 mg for 2 days, 8 mg for 2 days and 24 mg for 1 day, and after oCRH test.results  We observed a dose‐dependent suppression of salivary cortisol, plasma cortisol and ACTH in CD patients. Salivary cortisol presented a higher percentage of suppression than plasma cortisol: 42%vs. 15% (P < 0·002), 82%vs. 67% (P < 0·002) and 90%vs. 83% (P < 0·03) after 2, 8 and 24 mg/day dex, respectively. The lowest percentage of suppression was observed for plasma ACTH. The parallelism of these lines identified that the criterion of 65% suppression of salivary cortisol corresponding to 50% suppression of plasma cortisol after 8 mg/day for 2 days is consistent with CD. The sensitivity and specificity using 50% suppression for plasma cortisol were 81% and 83%, respectively, for 8 mg DST. Using the criterion of 65% suppression of salivary cortisol, the sensitivity and specificity were 86% and 100%, respectively, for 8 mg DST. After oCRH test the sensitivity and specificity were 86% and 91%, respectively, for ACTH, 100% and 64%, respectively, for plasma cortisol and 93% and 91%, respectively, (20% of increment) or 86% and 100%, respectively, (35% increment) for salivary cortisol.conclusion  In conclusion, salivary cortisol presents more profound suppression than plasma cortisol or ACTH in a dose–response pattern after different doses of dex in patients with CD. In addition, our data suggest that measurement of salivary cortisol might improve the DST as compared to plasma cortisol in the differential diagnosis of CS.