bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Divergent effects of leaf‐cutting ant herbivory and soil engineering on the reproductive success of plants in a Caatinga dry forest
Authors: de Oliveira Francisca Raimunda , Centeno‐Alvarado Diego , Oliveira Fernanda M. P. , Wirth Rainer , Lopes Ariadna Valentina , Leal Inara R. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Plant reproduction is influenced by resource availability, environment and interactions with pollinators, pathogens and herbivores. In the Neotropical region, the leaf‐cutting ants are voracious herbivores and soil engineers, potentially affecting plant performance. This study investigated the effects of herbivory and soil changes via nest construction and maintenance linked to Atta opaciceps (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) (Bormeier, 1939) on the reproductive success of two Leguminosae species (Cenostigma pyramidale (Tul.) E. Gagnon & G.P. Lewis and Indigofera suffruticosa Mill. Mill.) widely distributed in the Caatinga dry forest.
We selected eight nests from A. opaciceps colonies, with both plant species nearby. For each colony, we selected similar‐sized adult plants from foraging trail ends, where ants concentrate foraging efforts and herbivory is pronounced. We also selected plants located 20 m away from the foraging trail ends, representing herbivory‐protected scenarios, secured by tanglefoot barriers. Additionally, to assess ant‐related soil effects, we selected individuals from different nest‐associated soils (i.e., nest mounds and external refuse dumps) and from locations 20 m away from the aforementioned locations. All these individuals were shielded with tanglefoot barriers.
Herbivory and soil changes from A. opaciceps did not affect any metric evaluated of C. pyramidale. Yet, for I. suffruticosa, ant herbivory boosted fruit set, and nest‐related soil changes, notably from refuse dumps, increased the number of flowers and fruits.
Our findings indicate that leaf‐cutting ant effects on plant performance are species‐specific and may eventually benefit plant reproduction. Given the proliferation of leaf‐cutting ants in human‐modified landscapes of the Caatinga dry forest, positive interactions with plants might be vital to improving plant recruitment and forest regeneration dynamics.
65 years of research on dopamine's role in classical fear conditioning and extinction: A systematic review
Authors: Hamati Rami , Ahrens Jessica , Shvetz Cecelia , Holahan Matthew R. , Tuominen Lauri 
Published: October 2023

AbstractDopamine, a catecholamine neurotransmitter, has historically been associated with the encoding of reward, whereas its role in aversion has received less attention. Here, we systematically gathered the vast evidence of the role of dopamine in the simplest forms of aversive learning: classical fear conditioning and extinction. In the past, crude methods were used to augment or inhibit dopamine to study its relationship with fear conditioning and extinction. More advanced techniques such as conditional genetic, chemogenic and optogenetic approaches now provide causal evidence for dopamine's role in these learning processes. Dopamine neurons encode conditioned stimuli during fear conditioning and extinction and convey the signal via activation of D1–4 receptor sites particularly in the amygdala, prefrontal cortex and striatum. The coordinated activation of dopamine receptors allows for the continuous formation, consolidation, retrieval and updating of fear and extinction memory in a dynamic and reciprocal manner. Based on the reviewed literature, we conclude that dopamine is crucial for the encoding of classical fear conditioning and extinction and contributes in a way that is comparable to its role in encoding reward.
Long non‐coding RNA MIR17HG impedes FOSL2‐mediated transcription activation of HIC1 to maintain a pro‐inflammatory phenotype of microglia during intracerebral haemorrhage
Authors: Ai Yunzheng , Kong Ying , Zou Zheng , Chen Ligang , Liang Guobiao 
Published: October 2023

AbstractActivation and polarization of microglia play decisive roles in the progression of intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH), and lactate exposure correlates with microglia polarization. This study explores molecules influencing lactate production and microglia phenotype alteration following ICH. A murine model of ICH was induced by intracerebral injection of collagenase. The mice experienced autonomous neurological function recovery, haematoma resolution and rapid lactate production, along with a gradual increase in angiogenesis activity, neuronal recovery and an M1‐to‐M2 phenotype change of microglia. Galloflavin, a lactate dehydrogenase antagonist, suppressed this phenotype change and the functional recovery in mice. FOS like 2 (FOSL2) was significantly upregulated in the brain tissues from day 7 post‐ICH. Overexpression of FOSL2 induced an M1‐to‐M2 phenotype shift in microglia and accelerated lactate production in vivo and in haemoglobin‐treated microglia in vitro. Long non‐coding RNA MIR17HG impeded FOSL2‐mediated transcription activation of hypermethylated in cancer 1 (HIC1). MIR17HG overexpression induced pro‐inflammatory activation of microglia in mice, which was blocked by further HIC1 overexpression. Overall, this study demonstrates that MIR17HG maintains a pro‐inflammatory phenotype of microglia during ICH progression by negating FOSL2‐mediated transcription activation of HIC1. Specific inhibition of MIR17HG or upregulation of FOSL2 or HIC1 may favour inflammation inhibition and haematoma resolution in ICH.
Endoplasmic reticulum stress in skin aging induced by UVB
Authors: Tai Meiling , Chen Jieli , Chen Jiawen , Shen Xiaoyan , Ni Jiahui 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAging is a normal and complex biological process. Skin is located in the most superficial layer of the body, and its degree of aging directly reflects the aging level of the body. Endoplasmic reticulum stress refers to the aggregation of unfolded or misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum and the disruption of the calcium ion balance when cells are stimulated by external stimuli. Mild endoplasmic reticulum stress can cause a series of protective mechanisms, including the unfolded protein response, while sustained high intensity stimulation leads to endoplasmic reticulum stress and eventually apoptosis. Photoaging caused by ultraviolet radiation is an important stimulus in skin aging. Many studies have focused on oxidative stress, but increasing evidence shows that endoplasmic reticulum stress plays an important role in photoaging. This paper reviews the development and mechanism of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) in skin photoaging, and provides research directions for targeting the ERS pathway to slow aging.
Fight detection with spatial and channel wise attention‐based ConvLSTM model
Authors: Chaturvedi Kunal , Dhiman Chhavi , Vishwakarma Dinesh Kumar 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAn automated detection of aggressive and violent behaviour in videos has immense potential. It enables efficient online content filtering by restricting access to extreme content and also, when integrated with security systems, helps to monitor violence in surveillance videos. In this work, a convolutional neural network is combined with the proposed Spatial and Channel wise Attention‐based ConvLSTM encoder (SCan‐ConvLSTM). The proposed architecture performs an efficient spatiotemporal fusion of the features extracted from the video sequences containing fight scenes. In order to focus selectively on regions of utmost importance, this blended attention mechanism adjusts the weights of outputs in different locations and across different channels. This recurrent attention mechanism enhances the sequential refinement of activation maps and boosts the model performance. Finally, the experimental results have been presented that show the proposed architecture achieves superior results on the benchmark datasets (RWF‐2000, Violent‐flow, Hockey‐fights, and Movies).
Orofacial and cervical myofunctional intervention programmes for older adults: A scoping review
Authors: Borges Allya Francisca Marques , Taveira Karinna Veríssimo Meira , Eduardo Jade Yohana Mesquita , Cavalcanti Renata Veiga Andersen 
Published: October 2023

IntroductionSenescent stomatognathic systems undergo anatomical changes that are not always compensated by physiology due to associated factors such as poorly fitted dentures, dental changes, and clinical conditions that trigger sarcopenia. When these conditions are not properly addressed, they can lead to nutritional deficiencies. Hence, this study aimed to map orofacial and cervical myofunctional intervention programmes for older adults, evaluate the current research in this area, and formulate suggestions for further investigation.MethodsScoping review is based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews checklist. The EMBASE, LILACS, PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, and grey literature databases were systematically searched. Studies addressing therapeutic programmes, myofunctional exercises, and their influence on the stomatognathic system of older adults were included. Studies with populations younger than 60 years, residing in long‐term care facilities, homes, or hospital care, and with associated comorbidities were excluded, as well as secondary studies.ResultsA total of 3098 studies were retrieved. After applying the eligibility criteria, nine studies were eligible for this review. The nine studies were published in English between 2008 and 2021 in the United States, Japan, and South Korea. The participants' mean ages ranged from 64 to 81 years, with a preponderance of females. Six of the studies divided the sample into intervention and control groups. Two studies referred to programmes to promote oral function through facial expression and tongue muscle exercises, salivary gland massage, and swallowing biomechanics. Seven studies report the positive influence of myofunctional exercises on the stomatognathic system.ConclusionThe mapping concluded that therapeutic programmes, including educational actions, help prevent orofacial myofunctional disorders, and improve the functionality of the stomatognathic system.
Validation of the Hospital Frailty Risk Score in older adults hospitalized with community‐acquired pneumonia
Authors: Rosario Barbara H. , Quah Jessica Lishan , Chang Ting Yu , Barrera Vivian Cantiller , Lim Aileen , Sim Lydia Euphemia , Conroy Simon , Dhaliwal Trishpal Kaur 
Published: October 2023

AimFrailty results from age‐associated declines in physiological reserve and function and is prevalent in older people. Our aim is to examine the association of the Hospital Frailty Risk Score (HFRS) with adverse events in older patients hospitalized with community‐acquired pneumonia (CAP) and hypothesise that frailty is a comparable predictor of outcomes in CAP versus traditional severity indices such as CURB‐65.MethodsRetrospective review of electronic medical records in patients ≥65 years with CAP admitted to a tertiary hospital from 1 January to 30 April 2021. Patients were identified using ICD codes for CAP and categorized as high risk (>15), intermediate risk (5–15) and low risk (<5) of frailty using the HFRS.ResultsOf 429 patients with CAP, 53.8% male, mean age of 82.9 years, older patients (85 vs. 79.7 years, P < 0.001) were at higher risk of frailty. Using the HFRS, 47.6% were deemed at high risk, 35.9% at intermediate risk, and 16.6% at low risk of frailty. Multivariate logistic regression shows that HFRS was more strongly associated (≥7 days, OR 1.042, CI 1.017–1.069) than CURB‐65 (OR 0.995, CI 0.810–1.222) with long hospital length of stay (LOS), while CURB‐65 (Confusion, Urea >7mmol/L, Respiratory rate >30, Blood pressure, age => 65 years old) was more strongly associated with mortality at 30, 90 and 365 days, compared with the HFRS. Comparing the values for the area under the receiver operator characteristic curve, the HFRS was found to be a better predictor of long LOS, while CURB‐65 remains a better predictor of mortality.ConclusionsPatients with high risk of frailty have higher healthcare utilization and HFRS is a better predictor of long LOS than CURB‐65 but CURB‐65 was a better predictor of mortality. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; 24: 135–141.
A prospective study to analyse the concentration of octenidine in hand wounds after disinfection by LC–MS/MS
Authors: Langen Susanne , Lötscher Patrick , Prost Jean‐Christophe , Bovet Cédric , Vögelin Esther , Surke Carsten 
Published: October 2023

AbstractToxic reactions can appear after pressurised flushing of soft tissue with octenidine (OCT) containing disinfectants. Their use for surgical disinfection could complicate the diagnosis of possible contamination. In patients with open lacerations of their hand's subcutaneous tissue samples were taken before and after surgical disinfection with Octenisept® and analysed by ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). In 16 out of 20 tissue samples, OCT was detected after disinfection (lower limit of quantification (LLOQ)=10 pg/mL/mg). The concentration of OCT was below the LLOQ, estimation of mean of 0.6 pg/mL/mg (0.22–0.98 pg/mL/mg, 95%‐CI) before disinfection and mean of 179.4 pg/mL/mg (13.35–432.0 pg/mL/mg, 95%‐CI) after disinfection. This study shows that the disinfection of open wounds with Octenisept® leads to a quantifiable concentration of OCT in open wounds. In cases of suspected OCT‐mediated toxic reaction, the use of antiseptics containing OCT should be avoided.
Silver nanoparticles as a new sintering additive for the fabrication of YAG:Ce optical luminescent ceramics
Authors: Kravtsov Alexander A. , Medyanik Evgeniy V. , Tarala Vitaly A. , Lapin Viacheslav A. , Malyavin Fedor F. , Chikulina Irina S. , Vakalov Dmitry S. , Chapura Oleg M. , Tarala Lyudmila V. , Suprunchuk Victoria E. , Blinov Andrew V. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn this study, silver nanoparticles (NPs) were considered for the first time as a sintering additive in the manufacture of YAG:Ce luminescent ceramics. The influence of the addition of silver NPs on the sintering kinetics of ceramics was investigated. It was found that the addition of Ag NPs in the concentration range of 0.027–0.44 wt% does not result in the formation of secondary phases in YAG:Ce ceramics. It was demonstrated that the light transmission of ceramics is dependent on the concentration of Ag NPs. The use of NPs additive has made it possible to increase the light transmission of ceramics compared with the reference sample without sintering additives. The combination of two sintering additives, TEOS and silver NPs, enables the achievement of enhanced optical transparency in ceramics compared to the individual application of sintering additives. At an optimal silver concentration of 0.11 wt%, in combination with 0.5 wt% TEOS, a ceramic light transmission value of 77% was attained. The study has identified a correlation between the luminescence intensity of YAG:Ce ceramics and the concentration of silver NPs. It was observed that the utilization of low concentrations of the Ag additive had negligible impact on the luminescence properties, whereas the introduction of high concentrations of Ag NPs led to a deterioration in the luminescence and optical transparency of the ceramic.
Clinical outcomes following atrophic alveolar ridge reconstruction using collagenated xenogeneic bone block or autogenous bone block: One‐year follow‐up of a randomized controlled clinical
Authors: Romito Giuseppe Alexandre , Fonseca Marcelo Augusto , Soares Herbert Horiuti , de Oliveira Lazarin Rafael , Sapata Vitor Marques , Nishyama Roger , Conde Marina Clemente , Hammerle Christoph Hans Franz , Schwarz Frank , Villar Cristina Cunha 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAimThis investigation aimed to evaluate the 1‐year survival of implants placed after staged lateral alveolar ridge augmentation using equine‐derived collagenated xenogeneic bone blocks (CXBBs) or autogenous bone block (ABB).Materials and MethodsFifty patients who underwent lateral augmentation in a previous trial were included. The primary outcome measure was implant survival at the 1‐year follow‐up, and secondary outcomes included implant success, peri‐implant clinical and volumetric parameters, pink aesthetic scores (PES) and patient‐reported outcome measures. Data analysis involved Fisher's exact test, the Mann–Whitney U‐test and the Wilcoxon signed‐rank test.ResultsIn this study, no late implant failures were observed. The cumulative survival rates were 78.6% for the CXBB group and 90.9% for the ABB group, with no difference between the groups. Similarly, the success rates were 53.6% and 63.6%, respectively, showing no significant difference. Peri‐implant clinical and volumetric parameters indicated the presence of healthy peri‐implant tissues surrounding implants placed in both CXBB‐ and ABB‐augmented sites. PES were 8.5 and 11.0 for implants placed in CXBB‐ and ABB‐augmented sites, respectively. Furthermore, patient satisfaction rates were high and similar between the groups.ConclusionsDental implants placed in both CXBB‐ and ABB‐augmented ridges demonstrated no statistically significant differences in clinical, volumetric and aesthetic outcomes, along with high patient satisfaction rates.
Ultrastructural investigation of the effect of toothpastes containing different remineralizing agents on demineralized enamel
Authors: Gümüştaş Burak , Birant Sinem , Şişmanoğlu Soner 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe present study aimed to evaluate the effect of remineralizing agents on demineralized enamel intended for use as fluoride substitutes or supplements for oral hygiene applications.MethodologyEnamel samples were obtained from 30 bovine teeth. The enamel blocks were stored in 20 mL of demineralization solution for 72 h. They were then brushed with the following toothpaste for the remineralization protocol: NaF, NaF/SnF2 combination, NovaMin, or nano‐hydroxyapatite. SEM/EDX examinations and microhardness measurements of the samples were performed to investigate the remineralization efficacy of the studied toothpaste. One‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with post hoc Tukey's HSD test was used to analyze the change in microhardness values in different remineralization protocols (p < 0.05).ResultsDifferences in the mean remineralization (%RP) and hardness recovery (%HR) were determined between the groups (p < 0.05). Groups 1 and 4 showed significant differences in %RP (p < 0.05). In the SEM/EDX examinations, the samples treated with n‐HAp showed an accumulation of crystal deposits on the enamel surface, although at a lower density than those treated with NaF and NaF/SnF2 combination.ConclusionThe remineralization strategy in toothpaste plays an important role in enamel remineralization. NovaMin‐containing toothpaste showed positive effects on the enamel surface with better Ca/P ratio. Toothpastes containing n‐HAp triggered less change in the increase of microhardness values compared to other toothpastes. The use of SnF2 in toothpaste in combination with NaF significantly increased the binding of fluoride to demineralized enamel compared to toothpaste containing NaF alone.
Are co‐opted boards socially responsible?
Authors: Hoang Huy Viet , Nguyen Cuong , Hoang Khanh , Gan Christopher 
Published: October 2023

AbstractCorporate resolution on environmental, social, and governance (ESG) communication informs firms' environmental commitment, a growing determinant of corporate risk profile perceived by the market. This study examines ESG reporting in the presence of board co‐option, a phenomenon that paralyzes the dependency of the board of directors and impairs corporate transparency. Using data from 643 US‐listed firms from 2007 to 2018, we investigate the relationship between board co‐option and ESG disclosure practices and show that firms with a higher proportion of co‐opted directors on board disclose less ESG information, though this relationship diminishes if firms are strong ESG reporters. Further analyses reveal that long‐tenure board chairs, high attendance rates at board and audit committee meetings, and independent chairs of audit committees mitigate this adverse effect. In addition, we document an increasing inverse relationship among firms located in more corrupt and Democratic‐leaning states and operating in heavy‐emitting industries. Our results support the premise that co‐opted directors insulate CEOs from ESG reporting pressure and highlight that corporate governance, environmental performance as well as state institutions play significant moderating roles in this relationship.
Association between clinical history in the radiographic request and diagnostic accuracy of thorax radiographs in dogs: A retrospective case‐control study
Authors: Arruda Bergamaschi Natalie , Huber Lukas , Ludewig Eberhard , Böhler Alexandra , Gumpenberger Michaela , Hittmair Katharina M. , Strohmayer Carina , Folkertsma Remco , Rowan Conor 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe effect of clinical history on the interpretation of radiographs has been widely researched in human medicine. There is, however, no data on this topic in veterinary medicine.Hypothesis/ObjectivesDiagnostic accuracy would improve when history was supplied.AnimalsThirty client‐owned dogs with abnormal findings on thoracic radiographs and confirmation of the disease, and 30 healthy client‐owned controls were drawn retrospectively.MethodsRetrospective case‐control study. Sixty radiographic studies of the thorax were randomized and interpreted by 6 radiologists; first, with no access to the clinical information; and a second time with access to all pertinent clinical information and signalment.ResultsA significant increase in diagnostic accuracy was noted when clinical information was provided (64.4% without and 75.2% with clinical information; P = .002). There was no significant difference in agreement between radiologists when comparing no clinical information and with clinical information (Kappa 0.313 and 0.300, respectively).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceThe addition of pertinent clinical information to the radiographic request significantly improves the diagnostic accuracy of thorax radiographs of dogs and is recommended as standard practice.