bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simplified setup for Brillouin scattering observation using variable reflectivity mirror and its polarisation characteristics
Authors: Sasage Haruki , Nakamura Kentaro , Mizuno Yosuke , Lee Heeyoung 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe authors present a streamlined setup for Brillouin scattering observation, which negates the need for an independent reference path by incorporating a variable reflectivity mirror at the terminus of the sensing fibre. The authors’ study uncovers an optimal reflectivity point, specifically at −9 dB, where the signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) of the observed Brillouin gain spectrum (BGS) reaches its zenith, approximately doubling the SNR of a conventional simplified setup that utilises Fresnel reflection. Furthermore, the authors elucidate that this setup inherently mitigates the polarisation‐dependent fluctuations of the BGS.
Performance analysis and design optimization of asymmetric interior permanent magnet synchronous machine for electric vehicles applications
Authors: Muhammad Niaz , Khan Faisal , Ullah Basharat , Alghamdi Baheej 
Published: December 2023

AbstractA novel asymmetric delta‐type and Spoke‐type interior permanent magnet synchronous machine (ASD‐IPM) is proposed for electric vehicles (EVs) application that uses the magnetic field shifting technique to maximise the average torque and lessen torque ripples. The proposed ASD‐IPM is deduced from the conventional asymmetric spoke and V‐shape IPM by attaching additional asymmetric flux barriers (AFB) to the left side of the spoke‐type PMs and to the other side of the delta‐type PMs. This configuration helps in reducing the leakage flux and achieving good flux concentration. The proposed design is optimised through a Genetic Algorithm (GA) to investigate the electromagnetic performances at no‐load and on‐load conditions. Also, the efficiency maps of both the proposed design and conventional design are analysed and compared. The results show that the proposed ASD‐AIPM has superior efficiency and a favorable torque profile, making it a suitable choice for electric vehicle applications. Furthermore, the proposed design is rescaled to the Toyota Prius 2010 design, with the only change in the slot/pole pair combination due to the presence of spoke‐PMs in the proposed design. The proposed ASD‐IPM achieves 7% higher torque than the existing Toyota Prius 2010 model. The efficiency maps of the rescaled design are also analysed and compared.
Metaverse‐based decentralised autonomous organisation in energy systems
Authors: Zhao Huan , Zhao Junhua , Liu Wenxuan , Yan Yong , Huang Jianwei , Wen Fushuan 
Published: December 2023

AbstractDeveloping renewable energy generation‐rich power systems could contribute to achieving carbon neutrality. To ensure the secure and economic operation of power systems with high penetration of renewable energy, it is necessary to solve the problem of inefficient utilisation of demand‐side resources by the current electricity market mechanism. The metaverse, an emerging technology attracting widespread attention, is expected to efficiently solve this problem. The metaverse can be regarded as a virtual‐real interactive economic system built on advanced technologies such as blockchain, artificial intelligence, extended reality, avatars, and decentralised autonomous organisations (DAO). This paper first briefly introduces the concept, architecture, technologies, and features of the metaverse. Then, a metaverse‐based DAO for energy systems is proposed and the corresponding business model is explored. The Energy DAO utilises algorithms and user consensus combined with smart contracts to solidify organisational operation rules. In this way, it organises users to directly participate in multiple types of electricity markets and carbon markets, as well as behavioural data production and transactions. Finally, an Energy DAO example for demand‐side sources demonstrates how the Energy DAO could solve the problems of information asymmetry, information opacity, and incentive incompatibility in electricity market mechanisms.
DGW‐YOLOv8: A small insulator target detection algorithm based on deformable attention backbone and WIoU loss function
Authors: Hu Deao , Yu Mei , Wu Xianyong , Hu Jingbo , Sheng Yuyang , Jiang Yanjing , Huang Chongjing , Zheng Yuelin 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe YOLO series of algorithms have made substantial contributions to the detection of insulator defects in power transmission line operations. However, existing target detection algorithms for the small target detection and low‐quality insulator images encounter difficulties in effectively capturing relevant features, resulting in a higher probability of target loss. To identify and classify defects in the operational state of insulators, an improved YOLOv8 target identification algorithm called DGW‐YOLOv8 is proposed in this paper. The deformable attention backbone of the DGW‐YOLOv8 target identification algorithm is designed by adding the deformable ConvNets v2 module and the global attention mechanism. This addition reduces the feature loss caused by the network feature processing, enhances the sensitivity of the algorithm to small‐scale targets, and reduces the impact caused by the different global positions of the targets. Additionally, to address the problem of low quality of captured images, WIoU v3 is used to replace CIoU in the original YOLOv8 target identification algorithm to optimize the loss function, reduce the degrees of freedom, and improve the network robustness. Experimental results demonstrate that the enhanced YOLOv8 algorithm can achieve an improvement of 2.4% and 5.5% in mAP and mAP50‐95, respectively, compared with the original algorithm.
An ultra‐high voltage gain interleaved converter based on three‐winding coupled inductor with reduced input current ripple for renewable energy applications
Authors: Hashemzadeh Seyed Majid , Al‐Hitmi Mohammed A. , Aghaei Hadi , Marzang Vafa , Iqbal Atif , Babaei Ebrahim , Hosseini Seyed Hossein , Islam Shirazul 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis article proposes an interleaved high step‐up DC–DC converter topology designed for renewable energy applications, featuring an ultra‐high voltage conversion ratio. The converter employs an interleaved structure, resulting in a low peak‐to‐peak ripple in the input source current, which is particularly advantageous for solar PV sources. To enhance the output voltage, the topology utilizes voltage multiplier cells (VMC) and coupled inductor techniques. Two coupled inductors with three windings are integrated into the proposed topology, with the secondary and tertiary windings combined with VMC. This combination effectively reduces the maximum voltage stress across power switches, enabling the use of low‐rated and cost‐effective power switches for implementation. The article offers comprehensive operation modes and steady‐state analyses to demonstrate the converter's performance. A comparison is made between the suggested structure and other similar converter topologies. To validate the mathematical analysis, a 200‐W prototype is constructed, operating at a frequency of 25 kHz and achieving a voltage conversion range of 20 to 409 V. The experimental results are presented to support the findings.
Ein Vorschlag zur Förderung der ärztlichen
Weiterbildung im Kontext einer reformierten
Krankenhausfinanzierung
Authors: Donner-Banzhoff Norbert , Gerlach Ferdinand Michael 
Published: December 2023

ZusammenfassungIn Deutschland werden die Anforderungen an die gebietsärztliche
Qualifikation von den Landesärztekammern festgelegt. Deren
Erfüllung ist jedoch den Ärztinnen in Weiterbildung
überlassen. Es fehlt eine Abschätzung des Bedarfs an
Gebietsqualifikationen, ebenso eine entsprechende Steuerung. Allerdings werden
Fehlentwicklungen immer wieder beklagt, so z. B. das
Missverhältnis von Haus- und Fachärztinnen im ambulanten Sektor.
Wir schlagen eine systematische und kontinuierliche Bedarfsschätzung der
einzelnen Fachgebiete vor. In solchen, wo eine Unterversorgung droht,
würde die Weiterbildung durch Zuschüsse analog der aktuellen
Förderung der Weiterbildung in der Allgemeinmedizin nach § 75a
SGB V inzentiviert. Regionale fachspezifische Weiterbildungsverbünde
würden für eine Allokation der Mittel an Institutionen mit
evaluierter Qualität der Weiterbildung sorgen. Das Verfahren
lässt sich kostenneutral gestalten, wenn ein Teil der Mittel aus den
aktuellen Behandlungsentgelten, die implizit auch der Weiterbildung dienen,
künftig explizit für eine Steuerung, Koordination und
Verbesserung der Weiterbildung genutzt werden. Diese Möglichkeit besteht
unabhängig vom Mechanismus der Entgelte für stationäre
oder ambulante Leistungen.
Neural Adjustments during Repeated Braking and Throttle Actions on a
Motorcycle Setup
Authors: Marina Michel , Torrado Priscila , Duchateau Jacques , Baudry Stephane 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe aim of the study was to assess neuromuscular changes during an intermittent
fatiguing task designed to replicate fundamental actions and ergonomics of road
race motorcycling. Twenty-eight participants repeated a sequence of submaximal
brake-pulling and gas throttle actions, interspaced by one maximal
brake-pulling, until failure. During the submaximal brake-pulling actions
performed at 30% MVC, force fluctuations, surface EMG, maximal M-wave
(Mmax) and H-reflex were measured in the flexor digitorum
superficialis. At the end of the task, the MVC force and associated EMG activity
decreased (P<0.001) by 46% and 26%, respectively.
During the task, force fluctuation and EMG activity increased gradually
(106% and 61%, respectively) with respect to the pre-fatigue
state (P≤0.029). The Mmax first phase did not change
(P≥0.524), whereas the H-reflex amplitude, normalized to
Mmax, increased (149%; P≤0.039).
Noteworthy, the relative increase in H-reflex amplitude was correlated with the
increase in EMG activity during the task (r=0.63;
P<0.001). During the 10-min recovery, MVC force and EMG activity
remained depressed (P≤0.05) whereas H-reflex amplitude and force
fluctuation returned to pre-fatigue values. In conclusion, contrarily to other
studies, our results bring forward that when mimicking motorcycling
brake-pulling and gas throttle actions, supraspinal neural mechanisms primarily
limit the duration of the performance.
Minimally Invasive Cesarean Section – Extraperitoneal
Cesarean Section. The Outcomes of Applying to the Same Patient More than Once.
Case Series
Authors: Jafarzade Aytaj 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background Extraperitoneal caesarean section (EPCS) provides
intraoperative and postoperative advantages to patients compared to
transperitoneal (TPCS). Nevertheless, it is less preferred.
Methods Extraperitoneal caesarean section (EPCS) is a type of caesarean
section performed without entering the peritoneal cavity.
Results In this study, EPCS was successfully performed again in patients
who had previously undergone EPCS.
Conclusion This method, which reduces maternal mortality and health
expenditures, can be performed more than once.
International Microsurgery Club and World Society for Reconstructive Microsurgery Webinar: Career Building in Microsurgery
Authors: Meuli Joachim N. , Huang Jung-Ju , Heredero Susana , Chen Wei F. , Chang Tommy NJ 
Published: December 2023

AbstractCareer building can be challenging for young surgeons, especially when topics such as lifestyle, work–life balance and subspecialization arise. Suggestions and advice from senior colleagues is very valuable but many young surgeons do not have such opportunities or are limited to a few senior surgeons. The International Microsurgery Club (IMC), in collaboration with the World Society of Reconstructive Microsurgery, organized a combined webinar for this topic and invited world renowned microsurgery masters polled by the IMC members to join, including Prof. Peter Neligan (Emeritus from University of Washington, United States), Prof. Raja Sabapathy (Ganga Hospital, India), Dr. Gregory Buncke (The Buncke Clinic, United States), Prof. Isao Koshima (Hiroshima University Hospital, Japan), Prof. David Chwei-Chin Chuang (Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taiwan), and Prof. Eric Santamaria (Hospital General Dr. Manuel Gea Gonzalez, Mexico) on May 1, 2022. Prof. Joon-Pio Hong (Asan Medical Center, South Korea) and Prof. Fu-Chan Wei (Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taiwan) were also selected but unfortunately could not make it and were therefore invited to another event in April 2023, summarized in a recently published paper.There is ample literature reporting on different aspects of developing a microsurgical career but the goal of this session was to offer an opportunity for direct exchange with experienced mentors. Moreover, insights from experienced microsurgeons from different part of the world were more likely to offer different perspectives on aspects such as career building, failure management, and team culture. This webinar event was moderated by Dr. Jung-Ju Huang (Taiwan), Dr. Susana Heredero (Spain), and Dr. Wei F. Chen (United States).
Surgical Outcome of Basal Ganglia Hemorrhage: A Retrospective Analysis of Nearly 3,000 Cases over 10 Years
Authors: Hazra Darpanarayan , Chandy Gina M. , Ghosh Amit K. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background Basal ganglia hemorrhage (BGH) is a severe neurologic condition associated with significant morbidity and mortality, and its optimal management remains a topic of debate. Our study assessed the surgical outcomes of BGH patients at the 3-month mark using the modified Rankin Scale (mRS).
Methods This retrospective observational study was conducted over 10 years at an advanced neuro-specialty hospital in Eastern India, including patients who underwent decompressive craniotomy and hematoma evacuation. Variables were systematically coded and analyzed to evaluate the postoperative outcome with age (in years), preoperative motor (M) status, and hematoma volume.
Results This study enrolled 2,989 patients with a mean age of 59.62 (standard deviation: 9.64) years, predominantly males (n = 2,427; 81.2%). Hypertension (1,612 cases) and diabetes mellitus (1,202 cases) were the most common comorbidities. Common clinical presentations included ipsilateral weakness (1,920 cases) and/or altered mental status (1,670 cases). At the 3-month mark postsurgery, 2,129 cases (71.2%) had a favorable outcome based on mRS, while 389 cases (13.0%) had an unfavorable outcome. The regression equation showed that age was inversely related to the percentage of individuals achieving a favorable outcome. It also revealed that the preoperative motor score was positively correlated with favorable outcomes. Hematomas smaller than 60 mL had better outcomes, with 1,311 cases (69.1%) classified as good outcomes and 337 cases (17.8%) as bad outcomes. Fatal outcomes related to the illness were observed in 471 patients (15.8%) within the study population.
Conclusion Surgery for BGH showed a substantial improvement in outcomes, particularly in patients with M5/M4 motor status. The preoperative motor score (M status) emerged as a crucial predictor of favorable neurological outcomes. Age and hematoma volume, however, were found to be nondefinitive factors in determining good outcomes.
The route to immersion: a conceptual framework for cross-disciplinary immersive theatre and experiences
Authors: Punpeng Grisana , Yodnane Paonrach 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe trend of immersive theatre, which began in the first decade of the twenty-first century, and has quickly established itself in contemporary mainstream theatre, is a subset of the larger phenomenon of emerging immersive experiences, which has expanded into a variety of fields, including healthcare, marketing, and education. This paper aims to provide a revised conceptual framework from the context of design through technologies with an addition of bodily immersion, or a sensation of bodily transference, creating illusory ownership over a virtual body, and activating praesence, a lived experience of the physical body responding within an imaginative, sensual environment, produced with the help of immersive technology. This concept, taken from the field of theatre and performance, is combined with four other components (systems, spatial, social/empathic, and narrative/sequential) to produce an immersive experience that realises the fullest potential of immersion. The proposed framework serves as a valuable guideline for creating immersive experiences across multiple disciplines, benefiting both creators and participants by enhancing comprehension and setting expectations. Additionally, it can be utilised by academics and students as a criteria for evaluation and analysis.
Role of substrate and TiO2 content in TiO2:Ta2O5 coatings for gravitational wave detectors
Authors: Durante Ofelia , Granata Veronica , Magnozzi Michele , Amato Alex , Michel Christophe , Pinard Laurent , Granata Massimo , Canepa Maurizio , Carapella Giovanni , Chiadini Francesco , Simone Roberta De , Fittipaldi Rosalba , Fiumara Vincenzo , Pierro Vincenzo , Pinto Innocenzo M , Vecchione Antonio , Bobba Fabrizio , Giorgio Cinzia Di 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Gravitational wave detectors (GWDs) are designed to detect the elusive signals produced by spacetime ripples, the GWs. The key to improving GWD sensitivity relies on the reduction of the thermal noise introduced by the mirrors. The high refractive index component of the high-reflectance mirrors installed in the current generation GWDs, such as Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo, is made of a mixture of ∼27% TiO2 and ∼73% Ta2O5. Such a coating plays a fundamental role in the GWD performance. The 27:73 TiO2:Ta2O5 ratio ensures high structural, optical, and mechanical performances, which allowed for the first ever detection of GWs, but might not be enough for new generation GWDs. Here, we investigate the potential of TiO2:Ta2O5 coatings, in a wider range of Ti/(Ta + Ti) cation ratio. Our research spans over the morphological and structural coating characteristics, and their correlation with optical and mechanical properties. On one hand, we unveil the profound influence of substrate selection and TiO2 content on the quality of coating morphology. On the other, we pinpoint the effect of TiO2 content on the structural properties of the coating, as increasing TiO2 content leads to lower temperature amorphous-to-crystalline transition, and we show that internal strain may arise due to the coexistence of TiO2 and Ta2O5 crystalline phases. Finally, substrate choice, TiO2 concentration, and crystallization characteristics emerge as pivotal factors in the pursuit of precision optics.
Effects of MgF2 anti-reflection coating on optical losses in metal halide perovskite solar cells
Authors: Jung Sung-Kwang , Park Keonwoo , Lee Do-Kyoung , Lee Joo-Hong , Ahn Hyojung , Lee Jin-Wook 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The importance of light management for perovskite solar cells (PSCs) has recently been emphasized because their power conversion efficiency approaches their theoretical thermodynamic limits. Among optical strategies, anti-reflection (AR) coating is the most widely used method to reduce reflectance loss and thus increase light-harvesting efficiency. Monolayer MgF2 is a well-known AR material because of its optimal refractive index, simple fabrication process, and physical and chemical durabilities. Nevertheless, quantitative estimates of the improvement achieved by the MgF2 AR layer are lacking. In this study, we conducted theoretical and experimental evaluations to assess the AR effect of MgF2 on the performance of formamidinium lead-triiodide PSCs. A sinusoidal tendency to enhance the short-circuit current density (J
SC) was observed depending on the thickness, which was attributed to the interference of the incident light. A transfer matrix method-based simulation was conducted to calculate the optical losses, demonstrating the critical impact of reflectance loss on the J
SC improvement. The predicted J
SCs values, depending on the perovskite thickness and the incident angle, are also presented. The combined use of experimental and theoretical approaches offers notable advantages, including accurate interpretation of photocurrent generation, detailed optical analysis of the experimental results, and device performance predictions under unexplored conditions.
The design and construction of a PhET-based inquiry learning worksheet to develop understanding of the particle-in-a-box model
Authors: Bouchée T , de Putter-Smits L , Thurlings M , Pepin B 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
We report on the design and construction of a worksheet to develop upper secondary school students’ understanding of the particle-in-a-box model. We designed a worksheet that guided students’ structured-inquiry learning through peer discussion using the PhET simulation ‘Quantum Bound States’. The worksheet was improved in three iterative cycles of (re)designing, testing and evaluating, leading to a validated design and tentative design principles. Students’ discourse was recorded whilst they were using the worksheet and the PhET simulation in the test phase of each cycle. Analyses of students’ discourse informed the redesign of the worksheet for each subsequent cycle, until the design was finalised. The results showed the potential of the simulation to introduce upper secondary school students to the particle-in-a-box model, provided care is taken to accompany student inquiry with a well-developed worksheet as learning support during the lesson.
Disruption avoidance and investigation of the H-Mode density limit in ASDEX Upgrade
Authors: Sieglin B , Maraschek M , Gude A , Klossek F , Felici F , Bernert M , Kudlacek O , Pau A , Treutterer W ,   the ASDEX Upgrade Team,   the EUROfusion WPTE Team
Published: December 2023

Abstract
In recent years a strong effort has been made to investigate disruption avoidance schemes in order to aid the development of integrated operational scenarios for ITER. Within the EUROfusion programme the disruptive H-mode density limit (HDL) has been studied on the WPTE (Work Package Tokamak Exploitation) devices ASDEX Upgrade, TCV and JET. Advanced real-time control coupled with improved real-time diagnostics has enabled the routine disruption avoidance of the HDL. This allowed the systematic study of the influence of various plasma parameters on the onset and behavior of the HDL in regimes not easily accessible otherwise. The upper triangularity

δ

t
o
p

is found to have a significant influence on the x-point radiator (XPR), which plays a major role for the evolution of the disruptive HDL. At high

δ

t
o
p

the gas flow rate at which the onset of the XPR occurs is strongly reduced compared to low

δ

t
o
p

. The reduction of

δ

t
o
p

has proven to be an effective actuator for the HDL disruption avoidance on ASDEX Upgrade for highly shaped scenarios (

δ

t
o
p

>
0.25

). It is observed that the occurrence of the XPR and the H–L transition at the density limit are two separate events, the order of which depends on the applied auxiliary heating power. At sufficiently high heating power the XPR occurs before the H–L transition. Impurity seeding, used for divertor detachment, influences the onset and the dynamics of the XPR and the behavior of the HDL. The stable existence of the XPR, which is thought to be a requirement for detachment control in future devices, has also been observed without impurity seeding. The implementation of a robust and sustainable operational scenario, e.g. for ITER, requires the combination of continuous control and exception handling. For each disruption path the appropriate observers and actuators have to be validated in present devices. Automation of the dynamic pulse schedule has proven successful to scan the operational space of the HDL without disruption. Applying such a technique to ITER could reduce the machine risk induced by disruptions during commissioning. The methodology to develop physics-based observers, which indicate the entry into a disruption path well in time, and applying the appropriate action before the discharge becomes unstable has proven successful.