bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ventral Surgical Approach to the Caudal Brain Stem in Dogs
Authors: Klopp Lisa S. , Simpson Stephen T. , Sorjonen Donald C. , Lenz Stephen D. 
Published: August 2002

Objective— To develop a safe neurosurgical procedure that accessed the ventral pons and medulla of the dog primarily for the removal of brain stem neoplasms.Study Design— In vivo study.Methods— A cadaver study was performed on mesocephalic dog heads to develop a neurosurgical approach to the ventral brain stem. Based on this study, an approach to the ventral brain stem was developed by basioccipital craniectomy. This procedure was performed on 4 young neurologically normal Beagle dogs to assess morbidity and mortality associated with the procedure. Morbidity was evaluated by subjective criteria, daily complete neurologic examinations, comparison of preoperative and postoperative brain stem auditory evoked response (BAER) tests, and postmortem examinations.Results— Three dogs developed a transient cough but were neurologically normal after surgery. One dog was euthanatized within 12 hours of surgery because of severe postoperative morbidity associated with basilar artery disruption due to improper development of the craniectomy. Prolongations of postoperative BAER latencies were observed in 2 dogs but did not appear to be associated with clinical deficits or histopathologic changes in the brain stem. Minimal histopathologic changes were observed except in the dog with basilar artery disruption. Results of this study indicate that, although technically challenging, this procedure can be performed with minimal morbidity.Clinical Implications— The main indication for this procedure is surgical reduction or biopsy of ventrally located brain stem neoplasms in dogs. The major disadvantage is anatomic restrictions that prevent access to laterally oriented ventral brain stem masses.
Pneumonia after intracranial surgery in dogs
Authors: Fransson Boel A. , Bagley Rodney S. , Gay John M. , Silver Gena M. , Gokhale Sanjeev , Sanders Sean , Connors Rebecca L. , Gavin Patrick R. 
Published: August 2002

Objective—To determine factors associated with the occurrence of pneumonia after intracranial surgery in dogs.Study Design—Retrospective cohort study.Animals—Forty‐nine client‐owned dogs.Methods—The medical records of 49 dogs with space‐occupying intracranial disease that underwent craniotomy were reviewed. Development of pneumonia after surgery was considered highly likely in 12 dogs (affected dogs) based on clinical signs, including acute dyspnea or coughing in association with typical radiographic findings or abnormal transtracheal wash results. Pneumonia was confirmed in 6 dogs based on necropsy findings. Affected dogs were compared with 37 dogs that did not develop pneumonia (unaffected dogs) subsequent to intracranial surgery. Based on the medical records of affected dogs, determinations were made regarding time between development of pneumonia and surgery, surgical procedure, intracranial lesion type, and intracranial lesion location. Risk factors examined for both affected and unaffected dogs included level of consciousness, body position during the postoperative recovery period, duration of anesthesia, occurrence of vomiting or regurgitation, presence of seizures, cranial nerve deficiencies, and the presence of megaesophagus before and after surgery. We also compared the feeding protocol after surgery for each group.Results—Pneumonia typically occurred within the first week after surgery (median, 6.5 days); however, this was variable (range, 1–96 days). Of the factors that were present within 24 hours before the clinical signs of pneumonia, vomiting or regurgitation and megaesophagus were found to be significant risk factors. Dogs that vomited or regurgitated were 2.71 times more likely to develop pneumonia than dogs that did not. Vomiting or regurgitation occurred in 63% of the dogs that developed pneumonia in this cohort. Dogs with megaesophagus were 9.25 times more likely to develop pneumonia than dogs without megaesophagus. Seven dogs with pneumonia died. Five of these 7 dogs appeared to have died as a direct sequel to pneumonia.Conclusions—Dogs undergoing craniectomies for space‐occupying intracranial disease may be at higher risk for development of pneumonia due to several factors, including vomiting, regurgitation, and megaesophagus.
Comparison of the Recurrence Rate of Gastric Dilatation with or Without Volvulus in Dogs after Circumcostal Gastropexy Versus Gastrocolopexy
Authors: Eggertsdóttir Anna V. , Stigen Øyvind , Lønaas Lars , Langeland Marianne , Devor Morten , Vibe‐Petersen Gunvor , Eriksen Thomas 
Published: August 2002

Objective—To compare the recurrence rate of acute gastric dilatation with or without volvulus (GDV) after circumcostal gastropexy (CCGP) or gastrocolopexy (GCP) in dogs.Study Design—A prospective, double‐blind, multicenter, randomized, controlled, clinical trial with two groups (A and B).Animals—Fifty‐four client‐owned dogs presented for treatment of GDV.Methods—Dogs with acute GDV that had not previously had a gastropexy performed were included. The preoperative treatment before gastropexy was standardized. A CCGP was performed on dogs in group A, and a GCP was performed on dogs in group B. Postoperative treatment was standardized, but deviation did occur according to the special needs of particular patients. A minimal follow‐up time of 180 days was required for dogs not excluded from the study. The median follow‐up time in group A was 700 days; in group B, it was 400 days. The occurrence of abdominal pain and gastrointestinal problems after surgery were recorded by the owners.Results—There was no significant difference in the recurrence rate of GDV between the two groups. At the end of the study, the recurrence rate was 9% and 20% in group A and in group B, respectively.Conclusions—Both surgical techniques are effective in preventing recurrence of GDV.
The Prevalence of Malignant Neoplasia in Feline Renal‐Transplant Recipients
Authors: Wooldridge John D. , Gregory Clare R. , Mathews Kyle G. , Aronson Lillian R. , Kyles Andrew E. 
Published: August 2002

Objective—To determine the prevalence of malignant neoplasia in a group of feline renal‐transplant recipients (FRTR).Study Design—Retrospective clinical study.Animals—Ninety‐five consecutive client‐owned FRTR treated at the University of California, Davis, between 1987 and 1997.Methods—Medical records of the 95 cats were examined. The time to occurrence and type of malignant neoplasia, if present, was determined.Results—Nine of 95 cats (9.5%) developed apparently de novo malignant neoplasia after receiving renal allografts. The predominant type of neoplasm was lymphoma. The median time to diagnosis of neoplasia in these 9 patients was 9.0 months after transplantation, whereas the median survival time was 14.0 months after transplantation. This compares with a median survival time of 22 months after transplantation for cats that died for reasons other than development of malignant neoplasia.Conclusions—Although these transplant recipients were not compared with a control population, it would appear that, as in humans, malignant neoplasia is encountered with greater‐than‐expected frequency after renal transplantation and immunosuppression in cats.Clinical Significance—The apparent propensity to develop malignant neoplasia after renal transplantation and immunosuppression in cats is a fatal complication of which owners and clinicians should be aware.
The functions of freezing in the social interactions of juvenile high‐ and low‐aggressive mice
Authors: Bauer Daniel J. , Gariépy Jean‐Louis 
Published: August 2002

AbstractSelectively bred low‐aggressive mice are frequently observed to freeze on social contact, despite the fact that this behavior was never a direct target of selection. To elucidate this finding, the present research aimed to identify the possible functions freezing may serve in social interactions. It was hypothesized that freezing may modify social interactions through self‐regulatory mechanisms and/or via its modulating effects on the actions of social partners. These hypotheses were evaluated with respect to the sequential changes observed over the course of a 10‐min dyadic test in freezing, social reactivity, and approaches among juvenile (24–30‐day‐old) mice from the NC900 and NC100 high‐ and low‐aggressive lines. Analyses of the patterns of social interactions between subjects and partners revealed two primary results. First, freezing was more than an expression of fear; it also functioned as a regulator of emotional arousal, as suggested by the substantial reduction of reactive behaviors seen in animals that showed high levels of freezing. Second, freezing functioned to facilitate high levels of affiliative social interaction with social partners. The implications of these results for understanding how the differentiation of the NC900 and NC100 occurred within microevolution and development are discussed. Aggr. Behav. 27:463–475, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Monoterpene and wood dust exposures: Work‐related symptoms among Finnish sawmill workers
Authors: Rosenberg Christina , Liukkonen Tuula , Kallas‐Tarpila Tarja , Ruonakangas Anne , Ranta Riikka , Nurminen Markku , Welling Irma , Jäppinen Paavo 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackgroundMonoterpenes and wood dust are released into the work environment during sawing of fresh wood. Symptoms related to exposure to monoterpenes and wood dust include irritation of the eyes, mucous membrane, and skin.MethodsWe studied 22 sawhouse workers who process pine and spruce in 1997–99. Exposure to monoterpenes was assessed by determining monoterpenes in air and verbenols in urine by gas chromatography using flame ionization detection. Wood dust was determined gravimetrically. A questionnaire was used to evaluate work‐related subjective symptoms.ResultsExposures to monoterpenes (geometric mean, GM) among sawhouse workers were 61–138 mg/m3 and 2.0–13 mg/m3 during processing of pine and spruce, respectively. Urinary verbenol correlated well with worker exposure to the α‐pinene fraction of monoterpenes. The inhalable dust concentration in the breathing zone was 0.5– 2.2 mg/m3 during pine processing and 0.4–1.9 mg/m3 during spruce processing. The prevalence of symptoms, in the eyes or respiratory tract, was high during both seasons and in connection with either tree species.ConclusionsThe highest monoterpene concentration (GM), in the breathing zone, measured during processing of pine, was less than one‐fourth of the Finnish occupational exposure limit (OEL, 570 mg/m3). Verbenol concentrations in postshift urine samples reflected accurately the exposure to monoterpenes. The concentrations of inhalable dust (GM) were less than one‐half the Finnish OEL (5 mg/m3). No significant differences in dust exposure were observed among tree species processed. Work‐related symptoms appeared to correlate with monoterpene exposure during processing of pine and with wood dust exposure during processing of spruce. Am. J. Ind. Med. 41:38–53, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Lead exposure in mexican radiator repair workers
Authors: Dykeman Ronald , Aguilar‐Madrid Guadalupe , Smith Tom , Juárez‐Pérez Cuauhtemoc Arturo , Piacitelli Gregory M. , Hu Howard , Hernandez‐Avila Mauricio 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackgroundLead exposure was investigated among 73 Mexican radiator repair workers (RRWs), 12 members of their family (4 children and 8 wives), and 36 working controls. RRWs were employed at 4 radiator repair shops in Mexico City and 27 shops in Cuernavaca and surrounding areas.MethodsExposure was assessed directly through the use of personal air sampling and hand wipe samples. In addition, industrial hygiene inspections were performed and detailed questionnaires were administered. Blood lead levels were measured by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS).ResultsThe mean (SD) values for blood lead of the RRWs, 35.5 (13.5) μg/dl, was significantly greater than the same values for the working controls, 13.6 (8.7) μg/dl; P < 001. After excluding a single outlier (247 μg/m3), air lead levels ranged from 0 to 99 μg/m3 with a mean (SD) value of 19 (23) μg/m3 (median = 7.9 μg/m3). In a final multivariate regression model of elevated blood lead levels, the strongest predictors were smoking (vs. non‐smoking), the number of radiators repaired per day on average, and the use (vs. non‐use) of a uniform while at work, which were associated with blood lead elevations of 11.4 μg/dl, 1.95 μg/dl/radiator/day, and 16.4 μg/dl, respectively (all P < .05). Uniform use was probably a risk factor because they were not laundered regularly and consequently served as reservoir of contamination on which RRWs frequently wiped their hands.ConclusionsLead exposure is a significant problem of radiator repair work, a small industry that is abundant in Mexico and other developing countries. Am. J. Ind. Med. 41:179–187, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Are psychosocial factors, risk factors for symptoms and signs of the shoulder, elbow, or hand/wrist?: A review of the epidemiological literature
Authors: Bongers Paulien M. , Kremer Anja M. , Laak Jolanda ter 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackgroundIn 1993, an extensive review on the role of psychosocial factors in the development of musculoskeletal problems was published by Bongers et al (1993). Since then, additional reviews on this topic have been published; however, none of these focussed on upper limb problems.MethodsIn this systematic review, the methodological quality of all studies was assessed and levels of evidence were apriori defined.ResultsThe large majority of the studies reported an association between at least one work‐related psychosocial factor and adverse upper extremity symptoms or signs. High‐perceived job stress was consistently associated with all upper extremity problems (UEP) in high and lower quality studies. Although not often studied, non‐work‐related stress was also consistently associated with UEP. In addition, there was some evidence for a relationship between high job demands and UEP, although the results did not meet the pre‐set criterion for consistency.ConclusionsHigh job stress and non‐work‐related stress reactions are consistently associated with UEP. In addition, high job demands is also in most studies associated with these disorders. Firm conclusions on the role of these factors in the etiology of UEP are not possible due to the cross‐sectional nature of most studies. Am. J. Ind. Med. 41:315–342, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
ApoE ϵ3‐haplotype modulates Alzheimer beta‐amyloid deposition in the brain
Authors: Myllykangas Liisa , Polvikoski Tuomo , Reunanen Karoliina , Wavrant‐De Vrieze Fabienne , Ellis Clare , Hernandez Dena , Sulkava Raimo , Kontula Kimmo , Verkkoniemi Auli , Notkola Irma‐Leena , Hardy John , Perez‐Tur Jordi , Haltia Matti J. , Tienari Pentti J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractApoE ϵ4 allele increases the risk of late‐onset Alzheimer disease (AD) as well as the amount of beta‐amyloid deposition in the brain. Because half of AD patients do not have ApoE ϵ4, it is important to search for other determinants of ApoE that modify AD risk. We tested whether the haplotype background of the most common ApoE allele, ϵ3, influences brain amyloid deposition or the risk of neuropathologically verified AD in a population‐based sample of elderly Finns. To exclude the effects of ApoE protein polymorphism we focused these analyses on subjects homozygous for ϵ3. Haplotypes were defined using polymorphisms at positions − 491 and − 219 of the ApoE promoter and at position +113 of intron‐1. We found that ϵ3‐haplotypes containing the promoter allele − 219T were associated with reduced amyloid deposition and reduced risk of neuropathologically verified AD as compared to ϵ3‐haplotypes containing − 219G. The functional polymorphism(s) responsible for the haplotypic difference remains to be identified. These results indicate that there is significant allelic variation in the ApoE gene region, which modulates brain amyloid deposition and AD risk, independent of the ApoE protein polymorphism. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
No evidence for submicroscopic 22qter deletions in patients with features suggestive for Angelman syndrome
Authors: de Vries Bert BA , Tyson Jess , Winter Robin M , Malcolm Sue 
Published: August 2002

AbstractPatients with monosomy 22q13.3 → qter have, in addition to (usually severe) developmental delay, hypotonia, severe expressive language delay leading to absence of speech, pervasive developmental abnormalities, and subtle facial anomalies. Thus far, it has been one of the more common submicroscopic telomere deletions seen in patients with mental retardation. Due to the phenotypic overlap between monosomy 22q13.3 and Angelman syndrome (AS), 44 patients with AS features but without one of the characteristic molecular 15q abnormalities were tested for 22qter deletions. In the study group, 31/44 (70%) were heterozygous for locus D22S163 with probe cMS607 (distance 0.125 Mb from telomere). The remaining 13/44 (30%) patients were heterozygous for one or more of four microsatellite markers centromeric from D22S163 in the 22qter region (distances 1.5–4.3 Mb from telomere). Based on the present study, there is no evidence that patients with an “Angelman‐like” phenotype are more likely to have a 22qter deletion than other individuals with mental retardation. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Clinical and genetic variability of glycogen storage disease type IIIa: Seven novel AGL gene mutations in the mediterranean area
Authors: Lucchiari S. , Fogh I. , Prelle A. , Parini R. , Bresolin N. , Melis D. , Fiori L. , Scarlato G. , Comi G. P. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractDeficiency of amylo‐1,6‐glucosidase, 4‐α‐glucanotransferase enzyme (AGL or glycogen debrancher enzyme) is responsible for glycogen storage disease type III, a rare autosomal recessive disorder of glycogen metabolism. The AGL gene is located on chromosome 1p21, and contains 35 exons translated in a monomeric protein product. The disease has recognized clinical and biochemical heterogeneity, reflecting the genotype–phenotype heterogeneity among different subjects. The clinical manifestations of GSD III are represented by hepatomegaly, hypoglycemia, hyperlipidemia, short stature and, in a number of subjects, cardiomyopathy and myopathy. In this article, we discuss the genotypic–phenotypic heterogeneity of GSD III by the molecular characterization of mutations responsible for the disease on a collection of 18 independent alleles from the Mediterranean area. We identified by heteroduplex band shift, DNA direct sequencing, and restriction analysis, seven novel mutations (four nonsense point‐mutations: R34X, S530X, R1218X, W1398X; two microinsertions: 1072insT and 4724insAA; and one bp deletion: 676ΔG), together with two new cases carrying a IVS21 + 1 G → A splicing site mutation previously described in Italian patients. Altogether, 15 alleles were characterized. The correlation between type of mutation and clinical severity was studied in six patients in whom both mutated alleles were detected. Our data confirm the extreme genetic heterogeneity of this disease, thus precluding a strategy of mutation finding based on screening of recurrent common mutations. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Significant impact of the highly informative (CA)n repeat polymorphism of the APOA‐II gene on the plasma APOA‐II concentrations and HDL subfractions: The ECTIM study
Authors: Brousseau Thierry , Dupuy‐Gorce Anne‐Marie , Evans Alun , Arveiler Dominique , Ruidavets Jean‐Bernard , Haas Bernadette , Cambou Jean‐Pierre , Luc Gérald , Ducimetière Pierre , Amouyel Philippe , Helbecque Nicole 
Published: August 2002

AbstractHigh density lipoproteins (HDL) are heterogeneous in their apolipoprotein composition and the role of apolipoprotein A‐II (APOA‐II) in HDL structure and metabolism is poorly understood. Yet, studies of naturally occurring variations of APOA‐II in mice and experiments in transgenic mice overexpressing the APOA‐II gene (APOA‐II) have shown that APOA‐II expression influences APOA‐II plasma levels and HDL size and composition. In humans, two RFLPs (BstNI and MspI) have been described in the APOA‐II gene. These RFLPs, however, have been inconstantly associated with variations in APOA‐II plasma levels. In particular, the large multicentric ECTIM Study did not show any significant effect of the two RFLPs. Other polymorphisms consisting of repetitive sequences have been proposed as more informative markers than RFLPs. Thus, data from the ECTIM Study were reconsidered by integrating the additional information obtained from a highly informative multiallelic (CA)n‐repeat polymorphism located in the second intron of the gene. The population study was composed of 763 non‐treated male controls and 594 cases of myocardial infarction. In controls, the (CA)19 allele was associated with significantly decreased APOA‐II (P < 0.0009) and LpA‐II:A‐I (P < 0.02) plasma levels. Although the APOA‐I plasma levels were not affected by the polymorphism, the (CA)19 allele was associated with an increased LpA‐I/LpA‐II:A‐I ratio (P < 0.004). No effect, however, could be detected on myocardial infarction. Study of the linkage disequilibrium and the estimation of haplotype frequencies indicated that the impact of the APOA‐II locus could hardly be detected by using the BstNI and MspI RFLPs. These data revive interest in evaluating the role of the APOA‐II locus in the control of APOA‐II plasma levels and HDL composition. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
No evidence for linkage by transmission disequilibrium test analysis of microsatellite marker D22S278 and schizophrenia in a Palestinian Arab and in a German population
Authors: Dobrusin M. , Corbex Marilys , Kremer I. , Murad I. , Muhaheed M. , Bannoura I. , Müller D.J. , Schulze T.G. , Reshef A. , Blanaru M. , Gathas S. , Rietschel M. , Belmaker R.H. , Maier W. , Ebstein Richard P. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractLinkage for a schizophrenia susceptibility locus on chromosome region 22q12–q13 was initially suggested by independent studies from two groups and confirmed in a combined analysis of data for the microsatellite marker D22S278 in multiply affected schizophrenic families derived from 11 independent research groups worldwide. In addition to these reports of linkage to schizophrenia on chromosome 22, bipolar disorder has also been linked to markers in this chromosomal region. We now report results from an analysis of 223 Palestinian Arab trios from three different centers in Israel and Palestine using the allele‐wise extended transmission disequilibrium test for multiallelic markers. No evidence for linkage is observed in the entire group or in any of the three centers (entire group: chi‐square = 5.59, P = 0.78, df = 9; Afula: chi‐square = 6.51, P = 0.48, df = 7; Bethlehem: chi‐square = 14.11, P = 0.12, df = 9; Beersheva: chi‐square = 7.04, P = 0.32, df = 6). Additionally, we examined D22S278 in a group of 114 schizophrenic German triads and failed to observe evidence for linkage (chi‐square = 8.13, P = 0.42, df = 8df). © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.