bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Jack-Up Rig Installed Wellhead Platform: A Novel Solution for Marginal Field Development
Authors: Badrol Raja Sharifuddin Ahmad B. Raja , Rahman Ahmad Rizal B. A. , Huang Noorizal B. Nasri , Rahman Azam Abdul 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In view of the low oil price environment hitting the industry several years back, majoritymarginal field development projects has struggled to reduce its capital expenditure via the conventional installationmethod (i.e. using crane barge). Fixed offshore structures has largely been installed via the conventional crane barge. Utilization of a crane barge has resulted in a significant amount of installation costs as the mobilization cost and the Daily Charter Rates (DCR) for the vessel is very high. This paper intends to investigate the option of utilizing Jack-up Rig (JUR) as the installation spread, in lieu of crane barge.
In an effort to optimize project costs, the rig-installed platform concept has been considered as one of the option due to the cheaper cost of JUR DCR compared to anormal crane barge. The saving in material, schedule and mobilization cost can also be achieved as the JUR can proceed with the drilling of the conductor wells (which are also the main piles of the structure) directly after the structure installation. JUR is used for the installation of WHP with some degree of limitations due to the drilling envelope and derrick lifting capacity. The structures must be designed to suit these limitations. Some minor modification is required to the drilling jack-up before it can be utilized to install small and lightweight offshore structures.
Upon completion of a pilot project, it is proven that rig-installed platform brings positive advantages to the project in terms of both costs and schedule, despite some limitation that need to be adhered to such as structure weight, water depth, no of wells etc. Given the right project parameters, rig-installed structures can be successfully deployed to meet project objectives.
This ‘know-how’ has been around for quite some time in the industry but was not commonly exploited in the Far East. This paper will investigate the lessons learnt from previous successful projects of JUR installed platform covering all aspects i.e., design, fabrication and installation of Light-Weight Structure (LWS). This paper will mainly discuss on the essential requirements of JURinstalled platforms and the potential value creation towards optimizing a marginal field project.
Non Tampered ODMCS Log Using loT/Blockchain
Authors: Xavier A J Kitherian 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Oceans are the world's largest ecosystem and home to millions of species. Marine pollution is one of the key challenges for sustainability and needs to be addressed. There are various conventions and regulations to control pollution and protect the livelihood of not only the species but also over 3 billion people who depend on marine and coastal biodiversity. Oil tankers may sail without any cargo after discharging the oil cargo in a port. In such situations the tankers have to take ballast water from the sea into cargo tanks to ger better draught and stability. The ballast water carried in the cargo tanks needs to be discharged out at sea before the next cargo loading. Oil Discharge Monitoring and Control Systems (ODMCS) is used to prevent the pollution of ocean by oil or oily mixtures from ships. This paper addresses the use of IoT, Blockchain and related technologies for the implementation of compliance requirements mandated by regulation 34 of MARPOL Annex I which forbids the discharging of oil or oily mixtures from oil tankers but allows it with certain conditions.
Today various types of ODMCS are installed on ships to allow discharge overboard when the conditions favor the discharge. However, the discharged related data is collected and stored in the memory card of a computing unit for a minimum of three years for inspections. The issue is this type of storage is more vulnerable for modifications. Also, there is no single place where discharged logs from all ships are collected for global marine pollution analysis.
The solution is to place IoT sensors on the critical elements of ODMCS. The sensors send the data points to an IoT router. The router constructs the ODMCS log and publishes that to an onboard blockchain node so that the data cannot be tampered with. As per MARPOL Annex I, all the oil tankers of 150 GT and above must have an approved ODMCS or ODME (Oil Discharge Monitoring Equipment). Hence, the idea here is not to replace the existing ODMEs but to augment them in the process of collecting data and analyzing them for a ship, a geographic region or globally.
Offshore Shipping Logistics Excellence – Digitalization and Control Room / Integrated Planning Center Concept
Authors: Awad Saud , Salam Mohammad Abdul 
Published: October 2023

Offshore oil and gas operators have made significant advancement is drilling technologies; even the drilling contractors and drilling service providers have invested significantly in their R&D and product line to ensure large oil and gas operators benefit from them in their oil production output and well deliveries.
Yet there has been many oil and gas operators and offshore EPC companies maintaining status quo with managing the sourcing and flow of materials to and from offshore well sites, which remains mostly unchallenged. The Offshore drilling and completions accounts for 60% of total capital expenditure for an oil and gas operator; and most of it is usually spent on material supplies and services. Since most of the offshore drilling costs are time related, optimization in well delivery time will result in positive impact to drilling costs.
Targeting Offshore Installation Efficiency: An Innovative Tool for a Safer Offshore Lifting & Handling of Pipes Without Human Intervention
Authors: Monacchi G. , Arcangeletti G. , Castriotta G. , Toso G. , Loi A. , Vaglio A. , Zornetta G. 
Published: October 2023

Offshore pipelay due to several factors such as weather condition, cranes performances, relative motions between vessels, human errors, to name a few, implies that the risks of injuries for the personnel involved in such operation is not negligible with potential of severe consequences for their health and safety. Riggers are usually employed during offshore lifting of pipes from PSV (Pipe Supply Vessel) or Cargo Barge to the PLV (Pipe Lay Vessel), see Figure 1. Such type of operations are repeated thousands of times, especially during the offshore laying of long trunklines, increasing the probability of possible incidents. As an example, in (Monacchi et al., 2023) are mentioned some events recorded and published by IMCA (International Marine Contractors Association), related to pipe lifting operations and involving injuries to the riggers or resulting in a high potential near miss.
To reduce such risks, in the last years Saipem promoted and funded Research and Development (R&D) activities to develop innovative solutions to minimize or even eliminate the human intervention during offshore lifting of pipes. Different disciplines were engaged to set the requirements for a remotely operated system for pipes lifting, handling and landing: expertise in offshore operations, interfaces with vessel equipment, installation analysis, design and construction of lifting devices and control systems. The result is the development of the Hands-Free Lifting Beam (HFLB), a tool able to automatically lift a single pipe or a pair of pipes from any type of Cargo Barge or PSV cargo hold/loading platform and delivering them to the PLV, allowing the personnel involved in the rigging operation to be out from the Line of Fire (LOF). This paper presents an overview of the Hands-Free Lifting Beam, the working principle, main components, functions and its control system. The construction and testing of a prototype, which is planned to be completed and tested at the factory by the third quarter of 2023, will be also described. Most of the concepts included in this paper are patent pending.
Integrated Bridge in Offshore Topsides - Installation Engineering
Authors: Moharir Sumit , Thomas Digin , Varghese Cibu , Kamal Faris Ragheb 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Normally, interconnecting bridges between new and existing platforms are installed separately due to the complexities involved during the engineering and installation phases. The purpose of these bridges is to provide various discipline interfaces, such as electrical, instrumentation, and piping interfaces from the existing platform to the new platform, in addition to personnel access for performing various tasks associated with operational and maintenance aspects.
At several locations, the existing and new platforms are located close to each other, resulting in short bridge lengths. The installation of offshore bridges between the platforms is critical due to space constraints, the loading capability of the existing platform, environmental constraints, post-survey data constraints, and dimensional tolerance constraints. Detailed studies were conducted to verify the feasibility of installing the bridge structure along with the new topside. Considering the structural integrity of the existing platform, the bridge structure between the new and existing platforms is supported as a cantilever from the new platform, and therefore no load is transferred to the existing parent tower. The presence of helideck structures, piping, cables, and associated items on the existing platform generates additional challenges while positioning the bridge integrated deck structure towards its final intended location.
By integrating the topside and bridge, several benefits can be achieved: Piping, electrical cable, and other utility connections at one end during installation phase offshore can be eliminated.Separate lifting and installation of the bridge structure can be avoided, thereby saving offshore costs and time.Separate transportation and installation of the bridge structure are not required.Saving offshore costs and time for an installation vessel has a direct relation to environmental mitigation.
This technical paper covers the strategies applied for the safe installation of integrated bridge and topsides for five offshore platforms in the Arabian Gulf by National Petroleum Construction Company (NPCC). It provides information on the challenges involved in topside installation adjacent to the existing platform and how it contributes to environmental mitigation.
Seabed Mining & Technology
Authors: D’Cunha A. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Humans from time immemorial have been exploring, mining, and utilizing the earth’s minerals to make tools etc. to push their limits and improve their lives. From prehistoric times, when man began mining flint to make hand tools & weaponry, to mining of copper, silver, and gold in the early centuries (B.C), to the current day, humans are extracting earth’s precious minerals to make critical components for smart phones, rechargeable batteries, solar cells, and wind turbines. Due to the ever-increasing demand for these critical electronic components, the need & hunger for precious metals such as cobalt, manganese, nickel & other rare elements are significantly higher than previous centuries. If we were to ramp up conventional land-based mining to meet the growing demand for these elements, there would be a significant environmental cost. Rather, a more attractive mining solution lies elsewhere, i.e., the last bastion of these rich & plentiful mineral resources on earth, the ocean seabed.
The discussion of mining the seabed for polymetallic nodules raise numerous ethical & environmental concerns. These relate to the potential irreversible damage and destruction to the unique and delicate ecosystems that exists on the seabed. In an already damaged, overheating & stressed world, further research is required to mitigate our environmental footprint, while managing the demand for these minerals.
The objective of this paper is to discuss and review the technologies involved in the recovery of these mineral rich deposits while also highlighting the environmental concerns associated with seabed mining.
Offshore Facilities Load Out - Case Study of Jacket Superstructure Loadout by Strand Jacking Skidding Method
Authors: Saaud Nor Arinee binti Mat , Baharudin A. Rahim , Azman Muhammad Afiq , Sani Farah Adiba A. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This paper shares and examines the case study in qualifying the Safe Working Load (SWL) of strand wires from its Minimum Breaking Load (MBL) for jacket superstructure loadout by Strand Jacking Skidding Method by utilizing engineering analysis, data analysis, and real-time data comparison upon loadout operation for a new project and at the same time optimizing the opportunity and reduce the project risk due to stringent COMPANY Technical Standards comparing to Industry Standards and Practices. This paper demonstrates "Lean Construction" for COMPANY’s Project by sustaining fit-for-purpose Technical Requirements of Loadout Strand Wire Factor of Safety (F.S). The case study shows engineering analysis methodologies from several elements i.e., reference to Industry Standards for Load Transfer & Loadout Operation, Historical Data from previous Strand Jack Skidding Loadout Operations, Strand Jack Manufacturer Datasheet Recommendations, and Actual Data Monitoring from Loadout Operation. Value Engineering was exercised in identifying and reducing unnecessary costs and schedule in loadout design engineering and construction load machinery without sacrificing safety, quality, and performance requirements, which has successfully led to schedule and cost containment from potential rework on the jacket design and additional fabrication work on the strand jack bracket. It also incorporates environmental sustainability, where the application of fit-for-purpose design was able to reduce 50% of steel wire utilization and the numbers of strand jacks used, and reduction of carbon footprint in construction activity.
Primacy of vision shapes behavioral strategies and neural substrates of spatial navigation in the hippocampus of the common marmoset
Authors: Martinez-Trujillo Julio , Piza Diego , Corrigan Benjamin , Gulli Roberto , Carmo Sonia Do , Cuello A. Claudio , Muller Lyle 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

The mammalian hippocampus has been compared to a Global Positioning System (GPS) that enables spatial navigation. This notion has been primarily drawn from studies conducted in nocturnal mammals, such as rats; that lack many adaptations to daylight vision compared to diurnal primates. Here we demonstrate that during foraging in a 3D maze, the common marmoset, a new world diurnal primate with foveal, stereo-color vision, predominantly uses rapid head-gaze shifts to visually explore their surroundings while remaining stationary, and then minimizes head movements to navigate towards goals. On the other hand, rats, mainly move their head at low velocities while locomoting to explore the environment using their whiskers. These differences in exploration-navigation strategies reflect the species' sensory adaptations to different ecological niches. In the marmoset hippocampus CA3/CA1 regions putative pyramidal neurons show selectivity for 3D view, head direction, and less for place, but mainly mixed selectivity for combinations of these variables. Despite weak place selectivity, the spatial position of the animal in the maze can be decoded from the activity of small ensembles of mixed selective neurons. Inhibitory interneurons are tuned to 3D angular head velocity and translation speed, with most cells showing mixed selectivity for both variables. Finally, marmosets lack the rhythmic theta oscillations of local field potentials seen during locomotion in rats. Instead, they show resetting of theta oscillations triggered by head-gaze shifts that co-occurred with the activation of inhibitory interneurons, followed by various modulations in the activity of pyramidal cells. Our results show that the marmoset visual exploration/navigation strategies and the hippocampal neuronal specializations supporting them diverge from those observed in rats, reflecting the far-sensing capabilities of the marmoset visual system adapted to diurnal lifestyle.
Hydrogen Atom Transfer (HAT)-Mediated Remote Desaturation Enabled by Fe/Cr-H Cooperative Catalysis
Authors: Norton Jack , wan Yanjun , Adda Augustine , Qian Jin , Vaccaro David , He Peixian , Li Gang 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
A highly selective, remote desaturation reaction, catalyzed by an iron/chromium cooperative system, generates unsaturated amides from abundant starting materials. The reaction appears to operate via a triple hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) cascade: (i) A 1,5-HAT from a remote C–H bond to an iron nitrenoid; (ii) a chromium-hydride-mediated HAT to N-center, (iii) the abstraction of a second H• from the remote organic radical by the chromium radical Cr•. Unsaturated amides and conjugated dienamides can be prepared with good regio- and stereoselectivity. The synthetic utility of this method is verified by late-stage desaturation of natural product derivatives and biologically important molecules. Cooperation between the metals controls the sites of hydrogen atom transfer.
Valvar Bypass Surgery to Ameliorate Stubborn Lower Limb Edema Caused by Post- Thrombotic Syndrome: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Wang Yanyang , Zhao Liang , Zhang Jie , Du Yali , Chen Jianfeng , Wu Yingfeng 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Obstruction and/or reflux compromise during venous emptying can facilitate different pathophysiologies in chronic venous insufficiency (CVI). We present a patient with stubborn lower limb CVI edema caused by post-thrombotic syndrome (PTS), who responded well to femoral vein valve therapy via axillary vein bypass after ineffectual valvuloplasty, and led a normal life. During a 12 month observation period, bridging vessels completely restored original anatomical structures. In a literature study, no similar surgeries were reported, but we show that this operation may be feasible in selected patients.
Remotely Supervised Spirometry versus Laboratory- based Spirometry during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Kołtowski Łukasz , Basza Mikołaj , Bojanowicz Wojciech , Dąbrowiecki Piotr , Soliński Mateusz , Górska Katarzyna , Korczyński Piotr , Eggert Lauren E 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has constrained access to spirometry, and the inherent risk of infectious transmission during aerosol-generating procedures has necessitated the rapid development of Remotely Supervised Spirometry (RSS). This innovative approach enables patients to perform spirometry tests at home, using a mobile connected spirometer, all under the real-time supervision of a technician through an online audio or video call.
Methods: In this retrospective study, we examined the quality of RSS in comparison to conventional Laboratory-based Spirometry (LS), using the same device and technician. Our sample included 242 patients, with 129 undergoing RSS and 113 participating in LS. The RSS group comprised 51 females (39.5%) with a median age of 37 years (range: 13-76 years). The LS group included 63 females (55.8%) with a median age of 36 years (range: 12-80 years).
Results: When comparing the RSS group to the LS group, the percentage of accurate Forced Expiratory Volume in one second (FEV1) measurements was 78% (n=101) vs. 86% (n=97), p=0.177; for Forced Vital Capacity (FVC) it was 77% (n=99) vs. 82% (n=93), p = 0.365; and for both FEV1 and FVC, it was 75% (n=97) vs. 81% (n=92), p = 0.312, respectively.
Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate no significant difference in the quality of spirometry testing between RSS and LS, a result that held true across all age groups, including patients aged over 65 years. The principal advantages of remote spirometry include improved access to pulmonary function tests, reduced infectious risk to curtail disease spread, and enhanced convenience for patients.
Comprehensive identification of potentially active transposon-mobility genes in C. elegans genome
Authors: Arata Yukinobu , Jurica Peter , Parrish Nicholas , Sako Yasushi 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Transposons are the mobile DNA that itself encodes genes for their own mobility. During evolution, transposons accumulated their copies on genomic DNA, whereas many of them lost their mobile activity due to deletion or point mutations on the DNA elements required for their mobility. Here, we focused on the transposon-encoded genes which are directly involved in replication, excision, and integration of transposon DNA, i.e. transposon-mobility genes in the C. elegans genome. Among the 62,773 copies of retro- and DNA transposons in the latest assembly of the C. elegans genome (VC2010), 290 transposon-mobility genes conserved the complete open reading frame (ORF) structure. Among them, only 145 genes conserved the critical amino acids at the catalytic core. In contrast to the huge number of transposon copies in the genome, a limited number of genes encoded potentially functional enzymes for transposon mobility. Our finding indicates that a handful number of transposon copies can autonomously transpose in the C. elegans genome.
High-resolution Global Pathways to Achieve 100% Electricity Access in 2030
Authors: Zapata Victhalia , Dagnachew Anteneh , Edelenbosch Oreane Y. , Vuuren Detlef van 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Universal access to electricity is a crucial component of achieving the sustainable development goals. However, model projections suggest that under current policies, this goal will not be reached by 2030. There is still little understanding of electrification strategies and investment needs across global regions. To address this gap, we explore scenarios for achieving universal access globally, considering decent living standards and synergies with climate change mitigation. The analysis integrates high-resolution population GIS data with socioeconomic and energy system data from the integrated assessment model IMAGE to analyse the least-cost optimised pathways for universal access by 2030. The results indicate that universal access requires an additional investment of around 19 billion USD annually, with renewable off-grid systems playing a major role. Combining universal access with climate mitigation policies would require 15% more investment but would reduce CO2 emissions by nearly 30% relative to the default electrification scenario.