bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Creating Partnerships
Authors: Fooks-Parker Stephanie , Jones Barbara , Schapmire Tara 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This chapter explores how social workers face unique challenges when engaging in interprofessional collaboration. This chapter highlights how the leadership skills and strategies social workers bring to a team can help all members of the team manage potential conflict and embrace collaboration for the larger benefit of patients and families. In addition, the chapter discusses the need for social workers to foster collaboration, by applying and expanding profession specific health care competencies for interprofessional collaborative practice. Several case studies are used throughout the chapter to describe strategies and competencies. Last, the chapter contends that as social workers continue to promote their unique value and demonstrate their contributions to interprofessional teams, the opportunities for education, research, and policymaking are ever present and expanding.
Introduction
Authors: Edwards Korie Little , Kim Rebecca Y. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPastors of multiracial churches are people who, for one reason or another, ended up occupying a role in society that holds considerable promise but that is particularly challenging. It is pastors of color who occupy the role of the multiracial church pastor that are situated in social locations that afford them a unique opportunity to take people beyond “happy talk” and lead in matters of racial equality and justice. Yet potential and practice are not synonymous. These pastors will have to choose a hard road ahead if they want to lead others toward a more equal and just racially diverse America. This book describes who they are, the joys and challenges that come with being pastors of multiracial churches, and the implications of being a pastor of color of multiracial churches, for them and the broader American racial landscape.
Estranged Pioneers
Authors: Edwards Korie Little , Kim Rebecca Y. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAll pastors of multiracial churches at this moment in U.S. history can be considered pioneers. Pioneers venture into the unknown, hoping to forge a new path forward. The unspoken bargain is that the knowledge and resources gained on their journeys could be beneficial for the communities they leave. However, pastors of color of multiracial churches are estranged pioneers. They leave the familiar to explore a new way of doing church, but their ventures are not valued or celebrated as something that will potentially benefit the communities they come from. What’s more, their sense of identity is challenged or destabilized in the process. Alienation characterizes their journey. This chapter examines this alienation and how it varies among African American, Asian American, and Hispanic American pastors that head multiracial churches.
Regret
Authors: McQueen Paddy 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This book provides a comprehensive examination of the nature of regret and its role in decision-making. Contrary to influential philosophical accounts of regret, it argues that we should only regret choices we make that were not justified at the time, based on the information that was available to us. Consequently, it suggests that many of us should have fewer regrets than we do and that we should worry less than we do about whether we might come to regret a decision. In making this case, it engages with important areas of philosophical debate, such as reasons, time and justification, the temporal self, values and valuing, responsibility, the causal framing of events and self-forgiveness. The result is a complex, novel account of when we should regret the things that we do. In addition, the book explores how experiences of regret are shaped by social discourses, especially those about gender and parenthood. It examines how regret has become politicised in debates about abortion and trans identities, and reveals ways in which regret is used to regulate people’s reproductive choices. Through this cultural politics of regret, it challenges assumptions about gender identities and the expectations of regret that are attached to certain people’s decisions. In so doing, it shows how confronting these assumptions and expectations can help to promote people’s autonomy and well-being. Weaving these threads together, this book highlights the personal and political significance of regret.
Introduction
Authors: Wright Almeda M. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The introduction invites readers to explore how religion, education, and social change connect in the lives of African American educators during the 20th century. It wrestles with how or why some educators have been inspired to participate in movements for social change by and through their faith convictions. It explores the initial observation that underneath and alongside much of the social change in the United States is a continued intersection of education and religion. The introduction orients readers to the complexity of the categories of Black religion, Black radicalism, social change, and religious education. It outlines how these ideas are used in the book and demonstrates how listening to the stories of religious activist-educators expands these categories.
Albert Cleage Jr.
Authors: Wright Almeda M. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Chapter 8 highlights Albert Cleage Jr.’s influence on innovation in the work of Black Christian communities and religious education. Much like his colaborer in religious education, Olivia Pearl Stokes, Cleage championed the reimagination of the Black church and Black theology. His approach differed, however, in his reliance on iconography, specifically the image of the Black Madonna and child. This chapter discusses Cleage’s early experiences, many involving race-based discrimination, that grounded his understanding of Black theology in a revolutionary commitment to Black people and the divinity of Black people. Cleage’s commitment to this belief culminated in the formation of the Shrine of Black Madonna of the Pan-African Orthodox Christian Church. This chapter further overviews Cleage’s support of Black nationalism as a Black nation within the American nation. Cleage’s nationalist pedagogy included extensive training of church leaders as well as the establishment of Mtoto House to communally raise and educate children.
History and Geography
Authors: Liberman Anatoly 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This chapter begins with the word viking, coined in medieval England but made famous in the world from Scandinavian sources. (The capitalization of viking in Modern English cannot be justified on historical grounds.) Next comes an essay on yeoman, another native English term but known only from the history of England. Both words have attracted the attention of numerous researchers. It appears that viking has been explained convincingly enough from the technology of medieval seafaring, and later discussion obscures, rather than illuminates, the picture. Recently, some progress has also been made with yeoman because cognates of yeo- have turned up in an old but formerly neglected publication. With Cockney, we remain in England. (Among other things, the use of the word by Langland and Shakespeare is discussed at length.) The derivation of Cockney once caused fierce battles and a rift between British and American etymologists. Few people remember that painful episode. The etymological riddle has been more or less solved. With Buckeye and Hoosier, the narrative moves to the United States (to Ohio and Indiana, respectively). The documentation on the origin of the nickname Buckeye State is known because the beginning of the story does not remain a secret. By contrast, the origin of Hoosier has been a bone of contention, very much like the origin of Cockney. As with yeoman, good progress has been made in recent years. The present chapter defends an explanation of Hoosier as a version of a proper name.
The Romans Explore the North
Authors: Schulz Raimund J. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Towards the end of the second century bce, the Greek mariner Eudoxus, sailing at the behest of the Ptolemies, discovered the monsoon system governing the Indian Ocean. Now voyages could be made from the end of the Red Sea and southern Arabia over the open seas to the west coast of India. In the west, the defeat of Carthage and Roman military expansion into Spain and Gaul prepared the way for the exploration of territories that had been only selectively explored by the Greeks. Caesar and other commanders of the late Republican and Augustan eras presented themselves as both conquerors and explorers. They led armies and fleets into Britain and the Baltic Sea and by land towards the Elbe River. In doing so, they opened new avenues for merchants and scholars whose experiences had a great impact on the Latin and Greek literature of the time.
Relational Needs and Need Deprivation
Authors: Müller Veronika , Gries Thomas 
Published: February 2024

AbstractChapter 4 explores the effects of group membership and explains why identification, social approval, and cooperation play a significant role in the human need system. We discuss the processes behind identity formation, social categorization, and identification, and show how they influence the way individuals perceive themselves and their environment. In this regard, we also focus on aspects that can accentuate intergroup differences and enhance intergroup rivalry and conflict. We start with a discussion of identity in general and show how identity formation can affect individuals’ perception of reality. Here, innate conflicts which can arise during identity formation, and which can certainly be triggered by external factors (e.g., social exclusion, identity confusion, perceived threat, or traumatic events), can lead to severe need deprivation. Despite our emphasis on the negative outcomes of need deprivation, we show that humans are also innately driven to behave in a prosocial manner.
Canceling Lawyers
Authors: Wendel W. Bradley 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Lawyers take pride in a professional tradition of representing unpopular clients, understanding it as a contribution to the rule of law and the practice of toleration in a polarized society. This does not mean that lawyers are fully insulated from criticism for the clients they represent. The seemingly intractable debate over accountability for representing nasty clients is in part the result of a deep, structural tension between the institutions and procedures of the legal system, and the underlying issues and controversies about which people disagree. We also care about the attitudes and motives of lawyers, which play an important role in evaluating the actions of others. Much of the frustration experienced by lawyers who are criticized for representing unpopular clients arises from what lawyers see as the public’s inability to understand the rule of law and the function of the legal system in resolving conflicts over rights and justice. Using a series of case studies, this book explores the possibility that both lawyers and their critics are right. There is genuine value in a system of formal law that aims at settling social disagreement, but that is not the whole story. Public criticism of lawyers may reflect the sense that the legal system has fallen short of ideals of fairness and inclusiveness. Accepting a certain amount of public criticism is necessary to avoid a dangerous isolation of the legal profession from accountability to the broader political community, or from the humanity of lawyers being submerged by their professional role.
Case Studies: Boycotts of Law Firms and the Ethics of Informal Social Sanctions
Authors: Wendel W. Bradley 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Informal social pressures, such as boycotts, are a time-honored way of protesting injustices. A liberal society ought to permit and even welcome such avenues for citizens to make their voices heard. Recently, however, lawyers have themselves become the targets of boycotts. Some law student activists have attempted to put pressure on the firms representing large fossil fuel companies, as a way of stigmatizing powerful actors who exacerbate climate change. Lawyers have long been criticized for uncritically serving wealthy clients. However, the legal system has the potential to create significant social value by settling normative controversy in a reasonably orderly and fair manner. Whether the student actions are understood as mob rule or the continuation of an honorable tradition of holding lawyers accountable for not serving the public interest is a test of one’s views about the appropriate relationship between formal and informal power in a liberal democracy.
A Political Scenario for Successful Reform
Authors: Katz Richard 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Pessimism about reform in Japan is understandable, but it can blind one to the potential for change. Low growth, technology, and other megatrends are producing splits both among various interest groups in the LDP support base as well as within each of them. In the absence of good productivity, aging is leading to unpopular tax hikes on working-age people. Technology and climate change are causing big splits among Japan’s leading corporations. The bureaucracy is increasingly divided between reformers and defenders of vested interests. The rise in non-regulars is forcing change in the labor movement. While the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) seems to have a lock on power, that power rests not on popular support, but on the fecklessness of the opposition. Those disenchanted with the LDP increasingly stay home. The LDP has to fear that, if the opposition gets its act together, it could again lose power over issues of reform and revival, as in 2009, this time in a lasting fashion.
The Runners I Look Up To
Authors: Little Sabrina B. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Exemplars are role models. They are the people we admire. In running, exemplars can include teammates, coaches, local runners, and elite-level and Olympic competitors. Exposure to these people provides a great opportunity to learn and grow more excellent ourselves, if we manage responses to them suitably. This chapter investigates how to learn from excellent others in the context of sport. The first section examines characteristics of exemplars, the people we admire. It explores the ways in which admiration of them can go awry, in general and in the athletic context. For example, it addresses the misuse of authority figures like coaches in the sport and raises concerns about admiring the wrong people. The second section names several exemplars in distance running whose characters merit our admiration. Finally, the third section explores how we can proceed from admiring an excellent person to exhibiting these excellences ourselves.
Good and Fast
Authors: Little Sabrina B. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
A popular topic in athletics is the maximization of performance. Athletes wonder how they can get the most out of themselves to compete well when it really counts. There are many legitimate ways to go about doing so. Runners can emulate the best athletes in the sport, mimicking their workouts and training routines. They can rest well, eat better, and wear carbon-plated shoes. This chapter argues that a focus on moral character can also improve running performance. It introduces a class of virtues called performance-enhancing virtues—virtues that are not only constitutive features of a good life but also help us to run faster. This chapter explores five of these virtues—joy, resilience, patience, perseverance, and humor.
Malebranche and the Cartesian foundations of natural philosophy
Authors: Brading Katherine , Stan Marius 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The towering figure in early 18th century French philosophy is Malebranche. In Chapter 2, the authors investigate Malebranche’s struggles with Cartesian collision theory, and the debates that ensued. For Cartesian philosophers, the material world is a plenum and all change comes about through collisions. Malebranche rehabilitates and refurbishes the Cartesian program of combining impact mechanics and matter theory. Its tensions and explanatory difficulties caused long debates in France, which drew in key figures from abroad. By 1730, his program was thought to have failed at explaining descriptively how bodies act on each other. These findings are wholly new, and the authors explain their significance for philosophical mechanics.
Beyond Newton and Leibniz: Bodies in collision
Authors: Brading Katherine , Stan Marius 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
In Chapter 3, the authors continue their investigation of early 18th century collision theory. Having studied the situation in France (in Chapter 2) they now turn their attention to Britain and Germany. The task of building a philosophical mechanics of collision was pursued in Britain after Newton by John Keill and Colin MacLaurin, among others. In Germany, in post-Leibnizian circles, it coalesced around collision theories devised by Jakob Hermann and Christian Wolff. Despite their differences, all ran into similar explanatory difficulties, as the authors show. The chapter demonstrates that, as of the 1730s, European natural philosophy regarded collision theory as the main locus for solving the problem of bodies, and no satisfactory solution was available.
The Problem of Bodies
Authors: Brading Katherine , Stan Marius 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Building on the preceding chapters, the authors widen their purview in Chapter 4 to introduce the central question of the book: the “problem of bodies.” They articulate it in its early 18th century philosophical context, and claim that its solution required philosophers to discharge four distinct tasks: Nature, Action, Evidence, and Principle. Success, they argue, requires a “philosophical mechanics.” They show the broader epistemological and metaphysical challenges at stake in the 1730s, and offer a first glimpse of an emerging tension between the two principal strands of research that comprise philosophical mechanics: physics (dominated by philosophers) and rational mechanics (dominated by mathematicians).
Body and force in the physics of collisions: Du Châtelet and Euler
Authors: Brading Katherine , Stan Marius 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
In Chapter 5, “Body and Force in the Physics of Collisions: Du Châtelet and Euler,” the authors follow the attempts of 18th century philosophers to provide an account of bodies as the objects of physics. The authors argue that the two main lines of approach available in the middle of the 18th century, due to Du Châtelet and Euler, respectively, arrived at insurmountable obstacles; and they show the reasons why. This is the end of the road for a philosophical mechanics of collisions based on a physics of extended, impenetrable, material bodies acting on one another by means of contact forces.
Searching for a new physics: Kant and Boscovich
Authors: Brading Katherine , Stan Marius 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
After 1750, Kant and Boscovich each offered a radically new way of constructing the spatially extended, impenetrable, mobile, and causally interacting bodies of a satisfactory philosophical physics. On the basis of their new accounts they sought to construct a philosophical mechanics that included a treatment of collisions. Chapter 6 assesses those efforts. It begins with the accounts of bodies offered by Kant and Boscovich, then turns to philosophical mechanics, in first Kant and then Boscovich. The authors conclude that their theories are transformative of the goals of physics in two specific respects, while simultaneously falling short when it comes to a philosophical mechanics of collisions.
Shifting sands in philosophical mechanics
Authors: Brading Katherine , Stan Marius 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Around 1750, the locus for grappling with the problem of bodies changes from philosophy to rational mechanics. In Chapter 7, the authors explain the reasons for this watershed transition. They identify conceptual difficulties with three notions that philosophers had relied on—mass, contact-action, and extended-body motion. They argue that professional philosophers at the time failed to incorporate pertinent advances in mechanics into their accounts of bodies, opening a rift between philosophical physics and rational mechanics. And, they uncover the key challenge within mechanics going forward; namely, the problem of constrained motion. This is the lens in subsequent chapters for analyzing the developments in rational mechanics most relevant to the problem of bodies.
Early work in the rational mechanics of constrained motion
Authors: Brading Katherine , Stan Marius 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
After 1700, the motion of bodies with constraints (internal and external) takes center stage in rational mechanics. In Chapter 8, the authors review the early decades of the century, highlighting developments that were to prove most salient for the problem of bodies. Of particular interest is the wealth of work during this period on the vibrating string and the compound pendulum. Theorists at this time seek general principles and uniform methods for treating constraints. But, as the authors show, they generally fall short of these desiderata. That insufficient outcome would shape the agenda for rational mechanics through the latter half of the century.
Constructive and principle approaches in d’Alembert’s Treatise
Authors: Brading Katherine , Stan Marius 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
D’Alembert was the first to attempt a general treatment of constrained-motion mechanics, and his book exemplifies the enormous difficulties involved in the problem of constrained motion. Moreover, the authors argue, D’Alembert’s Treatise on Dynamics is pivotal for the development of philosophical mechanics after 1740. In Chapter 9, the authors introduce the analytic tools of constructive and principle approaches to theories, and of ontic and nomic unity. They argue that taking a principle approach to d’Alembert’s theory is philosophically fruitful, and that the quest for nomic unity in theorizing may be accompanied by a loss of ontic unity. They end by reviewing the consequences for philosophical mechanics.
External obstacles: Lagrange and the mechanics of constraints
Authors: Brading Katherine , Stan Marius 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The zenith of theory-building in the century after the Principia was Lagrange’s treatise on “analytic” mechanics. In this chapter, the authors address two themes: his results in the rational mechanics of constrained motions, and their relevance for philosophical mechanics. The problem of external constraints found a wholesale solution in Lagrange’s analytic mechanics of 1788. Two ingredients were key to his solution: a dynamical law, viz. the Principle of Virtual Velocities; and the method of Lagrange multipliers. This combination allowed him to unify all rational mechanics then available. The authors assess Lagrange’s achievement, via a constructive and then a principle reading of his theory.
Philosophical mechanics in the Late Enlightenment
Authors: Brading Katherine , Stan Marius 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
In Chapter 12, the authors show that two projects (nomic and ontic, respectively) for unifying all rational mechanics gained significant momentum around the turn of the century. Nomic unity was based on the Lagrangian Principle of Virtual Velocities, and the ontic unity relied on a constructive approach (due to Laplace) based in a physical object, the “molecule.” Subsequently, the authors argue, work by Cauchy spawned two alternatives to these projects: a new approach to nomic unity, by means of balance laws; and a new approach to ontic unity, based in continuous matter. By 1850, the overall outcome was rampant disunity, with significant implications for the problem of bodies.