bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Relationship between Psychological Contract and Work Engagement of the Post-95s: Mediation of Psychological Capital and Moderation of Organizational Commitment
Authors: Wang Shumin 
Published: January 2024

The post-95 employees generally enjoy more comfortable material living conditions, have more diverse value needs, and have a stronger sense of autonomy. The purpose of their work is not limited to satisfying or improving their own quality of life, but includes the realization of their professional value, meaning of life and achieving a healthy balance in life and work. This study explored the relationship between psychological contract, psychological capital, organizational commitment and work engagement of the post-95 generation. In this study, the research framework was established and research assumptions were made based upon the expectation theory and the comprehensive theory model. This study employed the method of literature review and questionnaire survey, in which the key informants were 590 post-95 workers. The results of the study found that psychological contract positively affected work engagement; psychological contract positively affected psychological capital; psychological capital positively affected work engagement; and psychological capital played a mediating role between psychological contract and work engagement. The results of the study suggest that the organizations should establish a psychological contract with employees, regularly understand employees' psychological states and expectations, and create an organizational environment that cultivates a positive psychological state atmosphere.
L’expérience de transitions de conjoints-aidants d’une personne vivant avec un trouble neurocognitif à début précoce
Authors: Ahmed-Shire Lula , Bellemare Danielle , Dubé Véronique 
Published: January 2024

Introduction : Les personnes vivant avec un trouble neurocognitif à début précoce (TNC-DP) éprouvent de nombreuses difficultés, tant dans leur vie professionnelle, personnelle, que familiale et conjugale, et le diagnostic prend souvent de nombreuses années à être posé. Pendant cette attente, peu de services adaptés sont disponibles. Des études ont décrit les changements qu’entraîne cette situation pour les conjoints, mais peu d’écrits se sont intéressés aux transitions qui jalonnent leur cheminement.
Objectif : Explorer, chez des conjoints-aidants de personnes vivant avec un TNC-DP diagnostiqué depuis plus de 2 ans, les perceptions des transitions auxquelles ils font face, les conditions qui ont un impact sur la réussite des transitions, et les patrons de réponses qu’ils utilisent.
Méthode : S’appuyant sur la théorie des transitions de Meleis et al. (2000), cette étude pilote a été réalisée au moyen d’entrevues semi-dirigées menées auprès de 3 conjoints-aidants. Le verbatim des entrevues transcrites a été analysé selon la méthode proposée par Paillé et Mucchielli (2021).
Résultats : Les thèmes ayant émergé de l’analyse sont : 1) un long parcours de proche aidance jalonné de multiples transitions; 2) des conditions personnelles et communautaires qui influencent le succès des multiples transitions et 3) une variété de stratégies pour composer avec le rôle de conjoint-aidant.
Discussion et conclusion : Les résultats de l’étude offrent un éclairage sur la réalité de certains conjoints-aidants. Ils peuvent inspirer la poursuite d’études avec un échantillon élargi et intégrant, par exemple, des méthodes mixtes, pour explorer davantage le vécu de ces aidants. Ils offrent aussi certaines pistes pour guider les professionnels de la santé dans l’évaluation de leurs besoins et suggèrent l’importance de développer des interventions et de services pour faciliter leurs diverses transitions.
Développement de la pratique infirmière avancée dans le système de santé du Bénin : une exploration contextuelle inspirée de l’Ethnonursing de Leininger et guidée par le modèle PEPPA
Authors: Otti André , Talon Pascaline Yvonne , Ahossi Coovi Eusébe , Soussia Théodore , Agbeté Ida , Glèlè Jocelyne Judith Lida 
Published: January 2024

Introduction : La réforme du système de formation en sciences infirmières et obstétricales (SIO) au Bénin a permis de former des infirmiers de niveau maitrise académique dans le profil infirmière en pratique avancée (IPA). Cependant, malgré la reconnaissance de cette nouvelle formation sur le plan académique, le rôle de l’IPA dans le système de santé où ces infirmiers sont appelés à exercer dans une équipe multidisciplinaire au cœur d’une culture et de pratiques médicales et infirmières très diversifiées n’est pas encore clarifié.
Objectifs : 1- Identifier les domaines d’intervention, les périmètres d’action, les rôles, les mandats et les activités possibles de l’IPA, ainsi que les facteurs favorables et défavorables au développement de la pratique infirmière avancée (PIA) dans le système de santé du Bénin; 2- Déterminer les éléments constitutifs d’un cadre formel et réglementaire d’exercice de la PIA au Bénin.
Méthodes : Cette recherche qualitative basée sur la théorie de l’universalité et de la diversité des soins de Leininger (1991) s’appuiera sur le modèle PEPPA (Participatory, Evidence-Based, Patient-Focused Process for Advanced Practice Nursing) proposé par Bryant-Lukosius et Dicenso (2004) pour la séquence des étapes de développement, d’implantation et d’évaluation d’un nouveau rôle d’IPA. Des entrevues individuelles semi-dirigées et groupes focalisés auprès des infirmiers et sages-femmes de nationalité béninoise titulaires d’une maitrise en SIO seront réalisés. Des questionnaires auto-administrés et un recueil de textes permettront de collecter des données auprès du personnel de santé et des responsables des structures et services de soins cliniques.
Discussion et retombées anticipées : Cette étude permettra d’identifier les balises qui soutiendront l’implantation du rôle de l’IPA dans le système de santé du Bénin, clarifiant ses domaines d’intervention, ses périmètres d’action, ses mandats et activités possibles, ainsi que le contexte nécessaire pour son implantation.
Acoustic (Underwater) Communications
Authors: Stojanovic Milica 
Published: November 2003

Abstract
The need for underwater wireless communications exists in off‐shore oil industry, environmental monitoring, speech transmission between divers, control of autonomous underwater vehicles, and mapping of the ocean floor for detection of objects and discovery of new resources. Wireless underwater communications can be established by transmission of acoustic waves. However, the communication channels have limited bandwidth, and often cause severe multipath dispersion and time‐variability. Despite these limitations, research efforts of the 90's have culminated in the development of underwater acoustic modems that are capable of transmitting information at rates on the order of several kilobits per second systems over varying distances. The emerging scenario is that of an underwater communication network consisting of both stationary and mobile nodes. Current research is focusing on the design of efficient modulation and coding schemes, adaptive signal processing algorithms for equalization and diversity combining, multiple‐access communication methods and network protocols suited for low bandwidth, long propagation delays and strict power requirements encountered in the underwater environment.
Trends in Broadband Communication Networks
Authors: Kota Sastri 
Published: November 2003

AbstractThe growing demand for multimedia applications on the Internet provides a major opportunity for broadband enterprise and residential access network services. Applications such as streaming media, content delivery distribution, and high speed Internet access require large bandwidths and guaranteed Quality of Service (QoS). Currently, the core networking solutions provide bandwidth up to OC‐192 and future networks will employ OC‐768. The broadband core offers more bandwidth than is necessary today, whereas there is a bandwidth bottleneck on the access end. This article describes the different broadband access technology options for enterprise networks including Gigabit Ethernet, Frame Relay, ATM, and broadband satellite with network examples. The technologies, examples and standardization efforts for residential access including Digital Subscriber Lines (DSL), Cable, Fixed Wireless, Mobile Wireless, and Satellite access are also discussed. Finally, future networking challenges are discussed using a MultiProtocol Label Switching (MPLS) based enterprise network as an example.
Frequency and Phase Modulation
Authors: Salehi Masoud 
Published: November 2003

Abstract
Angle modulation for transmission of analog signals (frequency and phase modulation) is a widely used method in broadcasting and point to point communication. Frequency modulation is the method of choice for low power point‐to‐point communication systems, high fidelity audio and music broadcasting and audio component of TV broadcasting. FM is most widely used since it provides excellent signal to noise ratios at the price of increasing the transmission bandwidth. Another major advantage of angle modulated signals is their constant envelope property that makes them more desirable in applications where high power amplification is required using nonlinear amplifiers such as class C amplifiers ant travelling wave tubes.
Wavelets: A Multiscale Analysis Tool
Authors: Krim Hamid 
Published: November 2003

AbstractAs a new analysis tool, the wavelet transform has had a profound impact on almost all disciplines requiring signal analysis of any significance. It provided for the first time a systematic scale‐based analysis, in contrast to filters, a tractable methodology in the temporal/spatial domain. Our goal, here, is to provide an introduction to this tool with an emphasis on gaining a working knowledge for an advanced undergraduate student. We highlight the merits of the tool as well as its limitations, and present it as complementary to the Fourier analysis tool, rather than as a universal panacea.
Multiple Antenna Transceivers for Wireless Communications: A Capacity Perspective
Authors: Papadias Constantinos B. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractThe use of multiple antenna elements at either side of a wireless transceiver link has been attracting a great deal of interest. Traditionally, wireless receivers equipped withmultiple antennascan use them in order to enhance the signal‐to‐interference‐and‐noise ratio (SINR) of the received signal, thus improving the throughput, quality, range, and system capacity ofwireless networks. Moreover, transmitting a specific user's information‐bearing signal from multiple transmit antenna elements (which may be either collocated or not) provides a so‐called diversity benefit, namely, the independently faded signal replicas that reach the user offer enhanced protection against the wireless channel's fading. More recently, it was realized that the use of multiple antennas on both sides of a wireless link enables extraordinaryspectral efficienciesat the link level, on the order of tens or hundreds of bits per second per hertz when 10–20 antennas are used on each side. The attainment of such capacities with practical wireless transceivers is a challenging task; however, because of its high potential, this technology is expected to soon affect the wireless (particularly the cellular and fixed wireless) markets. In this article, we will outline the basic principles of multiple antenna transceivers, focusing on their theoretical limitations at the link level from achannel capacityperspective.
Rate‐Distortion Theory
Authors: Berger Toby 
Published: November 2003

AbstractRate‐distortion theoryis the branch of information theory that treats compressing the data produced by an information source down to a specified encoding rate that is strictly less than the source's entropy. This necessarily entails some lossiness, or distortion, between the original source data and the best approximation thereto that can be produced on the basis of the encoder's output bits. Rate‐distortion theory was introduced in the seminal works written in 1948 and 1959 byC. E. Shannon, the founder of information theory. We describe Shannon's contribution and then trace its subsequent development worldwide. Heavier than usual emphasis is placed on the concept of “matching” a channel to a source in the rate‐distortion sense, and also on the analogous matching of a source to a channel. Experimental evidence has been mounting in support of the hypothesis that living organisms often simultaneously achieve both of these matchings when processing their sensory inputs, thereby eliminating the need for the complex encoding and decoding operations that are needed in order to produce an information‐theoretically optimum system in the absence of such double matching.
V
iterbi Algorithm
Authors: Viterbi A. J. 
Published: November 2003

Abstract
The Viterbi Algorithm is a computationally efficient technique for determining the most probable path taken through a Markov graph. The graph, and underlying Markov sequence, is characterized by a finite set of states, state transition probabilities and output (observable parameter) probabilities. The algorithm, expressed as a recursion, is derived from elementary Markov sequence principles. Then the six most often cited applications of the algorithm are briefly described.
Wireless Infrared Communications
Authors: Carruthers Jeffrey B. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractWireless infrared communications can be used to establish short range high‐data‐rate wireless links. The primary commercial applications are short‐term cable‐less connectivity for information exchange and wireless local area networking. In the article, the major optical design issues and communication design issues are discussed. An overview of current systems and standards is provided, along with a comparison of infrared systems to radio systems.
Blind Equalization Techniques
Authors: Tugnait Jitendra K. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractA tutorial review of various approaches to single‐user blind channel equalization and estimation is presented. Multipath propagation and limited bandwidth are the two main causes of signal distortion in digital communications leading to intersymbol interference at the receiver which, in turn, may lead to high error rates in symbol detection. Traditionally, a training sequence is transmitted during the acquisition mode to enable the receiver to design an equalizer or estimate the channel. In blind channel equalization and estimation no training sequences are available or used. In this article emphasis is on linear time‐invariant channels. The relevant channel models and equalizer structures are reviewed first followed by a discussion of joint channel and symbol estimation methods, direct equalization and symbol estimation approaches without channel estimation, and channel estimation using second‐order and higher‐order statistical methods as well as non‐statistical approaches. Commercial applications of blind equalization are also briefly discussed.
EMAlgorithm in Telecommunications
Authors: Georghiades Costas N. , Spasojević Predrag 
Published: November 2003

AbstractSince the introduction of turbo codes in 1993, iterative decoding algorithms have seen tremendous use in telecommunications. Even before 1993 though, the expectation‐maximization (EM) algorithm, an iterative procedure for producing maximum‐likelihood (ML) estimates introduced in a unified form in 1978, was applied to a number of problems in telecommunications. This article provides a brief overview of the EM algorithm with emphasis on its applications to problems in telecommunications. Some of the results in the article are new and have not been previously published.
Multimedia Medium Access Control Protocols forWDMOptical Networks
Authors: Hamdi Mounir , Ma Maode 
Published: November 2003

AbstractWith the proliferation of the world‐wide‐web (WWW) in all aspects of networking, current local and wide area networks can barely cope with the huge demand for network bandwidth. As a result, there is a world‐wide effort in upgrading current networks with high‐bandwidth fiber‐optic links that can potentially deliver Tera‐bits/sec. Wavelength‐Division‐Multiplexing (WDM) is an effective technique for utilizing the large bandwidth of an optical fiber. By allowing multiple messages to be simultaneously transmitted on a number of channels, WDM has the potential to significantly improve the performance of optical networks. The nodes in such a network can transmit and receive messages on any of the available channels by using and tuning one or more pairs of tunable transceivers. Several topologies have been proposed for WDM networks, which can be classified either under single‐hop networks or multiple‐hop networks. Of particular interest to us in this paper is the single‐hop topology where a WDM optical network is configured as a broadcast‐and‐select network in which all the inputs from the various nodes are combined into a passive star‐coupler, and the mixed optical information is broadcast to all destinations. To unleash the potential of single‐hop WDM passive star networks, efficient medium access control (MAC) protocols are needed to efficiently allocate and coordinate the system resources. In this article, we present a comprehensive survey of state‐of‐the‐art MAC protocols, especially, MAC protocols for multimedia applications for WDM networks so as to give the readers an overview of the research efforts conducted in this area. In addition, it can serve as a starting point for further investigation into ways of coping with the current and the anticipated explosion of multimedia information transfer.
GSMDigital Cellular Communication System
Authors: Bettstetter Christian , Hartmann Christian 
Published: November 2003

AbstractThe Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) is an international standard for wireless, cellular, and digital telecommunication networks. This article describes the basic features and history of GSM, the functionality of network components and their interworking, the services offered to GSM subscribers, voice and data transmission over the radio interface (frequencies, modulation, channels, multiple access, coding), networking‐related topics (e.g., protocols for mobility management and handover), and security aspects.
V.90 Modem
Authors: Townshend Brent 
Published: November 2003

AbstractV.90 modems allow transmission of data over standard telephone lines at rates up to 56 kilobits/second. This speed is achieved by modeling the digital interconnects of modern telephone networks to avoid quantization and other noise that limited previous modems to less than 35 kilobits/second.The history of modem developments leading up to the V.90 modem is explored, followed by a discussion of the theory and operation of these modems and their performance. In addition to the technical issues, standardization (the source of the “V.90” designation) and commercialization played an important role in the widespread acceptance of these devices. A summary of the developments that affect the future of V.90 is also included.
Radio Propagation at
LF
,
MF
, and
HF
Authors: Wang John C. H. 
Published: November 2003

Abstract
In this article, different modes of propagation are presented first. Factors affecting ground‐wave propagation are discussed. Propagation models and available software are presented and compared. The solar–terrestrial system, which forms the sky‐wave propagation environment, is described. Factors affecting sky‐wave propagation are discussed in detail. Different propagation models are discussed qualitatively and compared quantitatively. Definitions of the most important terms relating to propagation are given in Section 6.
High‐Definition Television*
Authors: Lim Jae S. 
Published: November 2003

Abstract
A high‐definition television (HDTV) system is a new television system that delivers spectacular video and compact‐disc quality sound. The system also has many features that are absent in conventional systems, such as data channels and interoperability with computers and telecommunications networks. This article summarizes the characteristics of an HDTV system, the history of its standardization in the United States and the enabling technologies.
Helical and Spiral Antennas
Authors: Nakano Hisamatsu 
Published: November 2003

AbstractA normal‐mode helix radiates a linearly polarized wave in the direction normal to the antenna axis. As the number of helical turns increases, the gain of an axial‐mode helix, radiating a circularly polarized wave around the antenna axis, increases and reaches a maximum value. This maximum value of the gain depends on the pitch angle. A conical‐mode helix has a traveling‐wave current distribution and radiates a circularly polarized wave off the antenna axis. A spiral antenna with antiphase excitation radiates a circularly polarized wave in the direction normal to the antenna plane, with relatively constant input impedance over a wide frequency bandwidth. A spiral antenna with in‐phase excitation forms a circularly polarized conical beam.
Leaky‐Wave Antennas
Authors: Frezza Fabrizio , Galli Alessandro , Lampariello Paolo 
Published: November 2003

AbstractThe radiation characteristics, main applications, design techniques, and practical implementations for the class of leaky‐wave antennas are considered. The basic relations between the propagation properties of open waveguides, on which these antennas are based, and the relevant features of the radiation patterns are discussed, exploiting the leaky‐wave concept. The principal radiative properties as main‐beam direction, beamwidth, radiation efficiency, scanning behavior, and sidelobe level are described. The various steps of a practical design are outlined. Examples of proposed structures derived from metallic, dielectric, and printed waveguides are reported. Accounts for measurement procedures and practical operation are given.
Software Radio
Authors: Mitola Joseph 
Published: November 2003

AbstractSoftware radio is a set of technologies for defining radio transceiver parameters and functions in software, including carrier frequency, modulation bandwidth, channel coding, and frequency/space/time/code agility. In previous generations of telecommunications systems, these parameters and functions were sometimes selectable but generally were hardware‐defined, with software programmability limited to baseband digital signal processing. This chapter provides an overview of the software radio technology and applications ranging from the ideal software radio through practical designs to the broader implications, especially for radio spectrum management.
Medium Access Control (MAC) Protocols
Authors: Faragó András , Syrotiuk Violet R. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractThemedium access control(MAC) protocol serves a vital role in all networks in which communication is based on a broadcast (or multiaccess) channel. The MAC protocol is directly responsible for controlling access to the communication resources, subject to the technological constraints of the hardware. This article provides a taxonomy of MAC protocols, and then reviews some of the most important MAC protocols according to their method of sharing the medium since this best characterizes their operation.
Millimeter‐Wave Antennas
Authors: Chen Zhizhang (David) 
Published: November 2003

AbstractA comprehensive review of millimeter‐wave antennas for telecommunications is presented. Major advances have been made in the past two decades on the development of lens and horn antennas to optically controlled millimeter‐wave antennas. In particular, a number of new antennas, such as extended hemispherical lens antennas, printed circuit antennas, active integrated antennas as well as photoconducting antennas, have resulted in excellent performance in millimeter‐wave frequencies. An attempt is made to categorize various mm‐wave antennas and to summarize the associated developments. An introduction to the concept of millimeter‐wave frequency band and its application is also presented at the beginning.