bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Drug advertising in the German free-of-charge health magazine Apotheken Umschau (Pharmacy review): a critical analysis
Authors: Keuper Laura , Seifert Roland 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn Germany, the Apotheken Umschau (Pharmacy review) is a very popular health magazine for lay people, which is available free of charge in pharmacies. In this study, drug advertising in the Apotheken Umschau was critically analyzed. To our knowledge, studies on drug advertisements in such magazines are scarce. For the analyses, a total of 123 different advertisements from all 48 issues of Apotheken Umschau in 2020 and 2021 were compared. Since 2021 is the first year that was completely characterized by the COVID-19 pandemic, it was thus also possible to work out pandemic effects. More preparations from the categories immune system, eyes and sleep were advertised in 2021. Accordingly, typical complaints home office workers were addressed. Advertisements provided only very modest scientific information, if at all. The Therapeutic Products Advertising Act (Medicines Advertising Law; Heilmittelwerbegesetz (HWG)) provides regulations regarding the handling of drug advertising. However, in various categories, we noted substantial deficiencies of the advertisements to comply to regulations, e.g. the disclosure of adverse effects and omission of the mandatory statement “For risks and adverse effects, read the package insert and ask your doctor or pharmacist (Für Risiken und Nebenwirkungen fragen Sie Ihren Arzt oder Apotheker oder lesen Sie die Packungsbeilage)”. Fifty-one of the 123 advertisements featured females to appeal particularly to this target group. Furthermore, a homogeneous ethnic (Caucasian) picture and a traditional image of German society were presented although this clearly deviates from reality. In conclusion, this study provides insights into the yet poorly studied mechanisms of drug advertisement for lay people. Pharmacological evidence plays a much smaller role than psychology, marketing and traditional societal models. It appears that drug companies intentionally use the “grey area” of the Medicines Advertising Law to optimally promote their products and ignore mandatory statements. This practice must be stopped by stricter legal control to protect the consumer from misinformation. In this way, drug safety will be increased.
The anisotropic Bernstein problem
Authors: Mooney Connor , Yang Yang 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWe construct nonlinear entire anisotropic minimal graphs over $\mathbb{R}^{4}$

R
4

, completing the solution to the anisotropic Bernstein problem. The examples we construct have a variety of growth rates, and our approach both generalizes to higher dimensions and recovers and elucidates known examples of nonlinear entire minimal graphs over $\mathbb{R}^{n},\, n \geq 8$

R
n

,

n
≥
8
.
Short-term heat stress assays resolve effects of host strain, repeat stress, and bacterial inoculation on Aiptasia thermal tolerance phenotypes
Authors: Dörr Melanie , Denger Julia , Maier Céline S. , Kirsch Jana V. , Manns Hannah , Voolstra Christian R. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe ongoing loss of corals and their reef ecosystems hastens the need to develop approaches that mitigate the impacts of climate change. Given the strong reliance of corals on their associated prokaryotic and microalgal symbionts, microbiome-targeted interventions in the form of probiotics or microbiome transplants are emerging as potential solutions. Although inoculation with beneficial microorganisms was shown to improve coral bleaching recovery, the mechanistic underpinnings and extent to which microbiomes can be manipulated are largely unknown. Research progress in this regard is often hindered by coral holobiont complexity and a lack of standardized diagnostics to assess physiological and phenotypic changes following microbial manipulation. Here we address these shortcomings by establishing short-term acute thermal stress assays using the Coral Bleaching Automated Stress System (CBASS) as a standardized and reproducible experimental platform to assess stress tolerance phenotypes of the coral model Aiptasia. We show that thermal tolerance phenotypes following acute heat stress assays are highly reproducible, host species-specific, and can exert legacy effects with consequences for long-term thermal resilience. We further demonstrate the ability to resolve phenotypic differences in thermal tolerance following incubation with the coral bleaching pathogen Vibrio coralliilyticus, providing an avenue for screening bacteria for their ability to affect holobiont thermal performance. By employing acute heat stress assays in conjunction with a tractable model organism, we posit CBASS assays as a standardized experimental platform that allows functional screening for microbes that affect thermal stress tolerance. Such effort may accelerate the discovery of microbes and microbial mechanisms mediating thermal tolerance and our ability to harness them to increase stress resilience.
Feasibility and outcomes of living-donor liver transplantation utilizing the right hemi-liver graft with portal vein anatomical variations
Authors: Shehta Ahmed , Elshobari Mohamed , Salah Tarek , Sultan Ahmad M. , Yasen Amr , Shiha Usama , El-Saadany Mohamed , Monier Ahmed , Said Rami , Habl Mohamed S. , Adly Reham , El Ged Basma Abd Elmoaem , Karam Rasha , Khaled Reem , El Razek Hassan Magdy Abd , Abdel-Khalek Ehab E. , Wahab Mohamed Abdel 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Portal vein (PV) reconstruction is a key factor for successful living-donor liver transplantation (LDLT). Anatomical variations of right PV (RPV) are encountered among potential donors.

Methods
To evaluate a single center experience of reconstruction techniques for the right hemi-liver grafts with PV variations during the period between May 2004 and 2022.

Results
A total of 915 recipients underwent LDLT, among them 52 (5.8%) had RPV anatomical variations. Type II PV was found in 7 cases (13.5%), which were reconstructed by direct venoplasty. Type III PV was found in 27 cases (51.9%). They were reconstructed by direct venoplasty in 2 cases (3.8%), Y graft interposition in 2 cases (3.8%), and in situ double PV anastomoses in 23 cases (44.2%). Type IV PV was found in 18 cases (34.6%) and was reconstructed by Y graft interposition in 9 cases (17.3%), and in situ double PV anastomoses in 9 cases (17.3%).
Early right posterior PV stenosis occurred in 2 recipients (3.8%). Early PV thrombosis occurred in 3 recipients (5.8%). The median follow-up duration was 54.5 months (4 – 185). The 1-, 3-, and 5-years survival rates were 91.9%, 86%, and 81.2%, respectively. Late PV stenosis occurred in 2 recipients (3.8%) and was managed conservatively.

Conclusion
Utilization of potential living donors with RPV anatomic variations may help to expand the donor pool. We found that direct venoplasty and in situ dual PV anastomoses techniques were safe, feasible, and associated with successful outcomes.
Comparative genotyping of SARS-CoV-2 among Egyptian patients: near-full length genomic sequences versus selected spike and nucleocapsid regions
Authors: Emad Rasha , Naga Iman S. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractSeveral tools have been developed for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) genotyping based on either whole genome or spike sequencing. We aimed to highlight the molecular epidemiological landscape of SARS-CoV-2 in Egypt since the start of the pandemic, to describe discrepancies between the 3 typing tools: Global Initiative on Sharing Avian Influenza Data (GISAID), Nextclade, and Phylogenetic Assignment of Named Global Outbreak Lineages (PANGOLIN) and to assess the fitness of spike and nucleocapsid regions for lineage assignment compared to the whole genome. A total of 3935 sequences isolated from Egypt (March 2020–2023) were retrieved from the GISAID database. A subset of data (n = 1212) with high coverage whole genome was used for tool discrimination and agreement analyses. Among 1212 sequences, the highest discriminatory power was 0.895 for PANGOLIN, followed by GISAID (0.872) and Nextclade (0.866). There was a statistically significant difference (p = 0.0418) between lineages assigned via spike (30%) and nucleocapsid (46%) compared to their whole genome-assigned lineages. The first 3 pandemic waves were dominated by B.1, followed by C.36 and then C.36.3, while the fourth to sixth waves were dominated by the B.1.617.2, BA, and BA.5.2 lineages, respectively. Current shift in lineage typing to recombinant forms. The 3 typing tools showed comparable discrimination among SARS-CoV-2 lineages. The nucleocapsid region could be used for lineage assignment.
Quality of breaking bad news to patients diagnosed with neoplasia of the uterine cervix
Authors: von Blanckenburg Pia , Köhler Christhardt , Petzel Anja , Jülicher Anne , Schneider Viola , Schneider Achim 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Objective
Little is known about the quality of receiving bad news (BN) for women diagnosed with cervical neoplasia. We evaluated adherence to the SPIKES protocol in three cohorts of women with different stages of the disease and treatment modalities.

Patients and methods
We included women with cervical cancer who underwent radical vaginal trachelectomy (RVT group, n = 110), radical hysterectomy or chemo-radiation (HE/RCT group, n = 101), and women with CIN 3 treated by loop excision (CIN group, n = 108). We asked the participants about how they received the bad news delivery in reality and how they would envision an ideal communication process based on the main items of the SPIKES protocol. The participants filled out a questionnaire with 38 items of the Marburg Breaking Bad News (MABBAN) Scale representing the six SPIKES subscales.

Results
Only 72% of all patients reported being satisfied with their BBN experience. The following factors were considered important by 90% of the patients: an undisturbed atmosphere, taking enough time, coherent explanation of the disease, and the possibility to ask questions. However, the reality of their experiences fell significantly short of their expectations. Asking about the patient’s knowledge of the disease, addressing their concerns, allowing them to show emotions, providing clarity about the change in quality of life, informing them about alternative therapies, and involving them in further planning were also significantly lacking in the actual BBN encounters compared to the patients’ preferences. The experience of RVT patients was more negative compared to the HE/RCT patients (p = 0.036). The CIN patients had an overall satisfactory impression (p < 0.0001).

Conclusion
The process of breaking bad news in German women diagnosed with cervical neoplasia requires substantial improvement. The SPIKES protocol can be used as a guideline for enhancement but should be supplemented by incorporating a second consultation as the norm rather than the exception. Continuous monitoring and improvement of the quality of BBN is recommended for all oncologic institutions, utilizing the MABBAN questionnaire as a valuable tool.
Diagnostic utility of multidetector CT scan in penetrating diaphragmatic injuries: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Hassankhani Amir , Amoukhteh Melika , Valizadeh Parya , Jannatdoust Payam , Eibschutz Liesl S. , Myers Lee A. , Gholamrezanezhad Ali 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPenetrating diaphragmatic injuries pose diagnostic and management challenges. Computed tomography (CT) scans are valuable for stable patients, but concern exists for missed injuries and complications in nonoperatively managed cases. The objective of this study was to explore the diagnostic utility of multidetector CT scan (MDCT) in identifying diaphragmatic injuries resulting from penetrating trauma. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted, following established guidelines, by searching PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase databases up to July 6, 2023. Eligible studies reporting MDCT's diagnostic accuracy in detecting penetrating diaphragmatic injuries were included. Relevant data elements were extracted and analyzed using STATA software. The study included 9 articles comprising 294 patients with confirmed penetrating diaphragmatic injuries through surgical procedures. MDCT's diagnostic performance revealed a pooled sensitivity of 74% (95% CI: 56%-87%) and a pooled specificity of 92% (95% CI: 79%-97%) (Fig. two), with significant heterogeneity in both sensitivity and specificity across the studies. The Fagan plot demonstrated that higher pre-test probabilities correlated with higher positive post-test probabilities for penetrating diaphragmatic injury diagnosis using MDCT, but even with negative results, there remained a small chance of having the injury, especially in cases with higher pre-test probabilities. This study highlights MDCT's effectiveness in detecting diaphragmatic injury from penetrating trauma, with moderate to high diagnostic accuracy. However, larger sample sizes, multicenter collaborations, and prospective designs are needed to address observed heterogeneity, enhancing understanding and consistency in MDCT's diagnostic capabilities in this context.
Exploring Perspectives on Agroecological Transition in Scotland with Critical Systems Heuristics
Authors: Hutcheson Matthew , Morton Alec , Blair Shona 
Published: October 2023

AbstractCritical systems heuristics (CSH) is a framework that facilitates reflective practice in exploring and solving complex management problems. Several applications have demonstrated the utility of CSH for addressing problems concerning the environment and sustainability. As such, we apply CSH to explore perspectives on agroecological transition in Scotland. In interviews with 10 farmers, agricultural professionals, and researchers, we demonstrate the utility of boundary critique as a practice for unpacking the judgements that underpin perspectives on Scottish farming. Moreover, we derive a series of practical insights and recommendations to progress agroecological transition in Scotland, including: support for a greater diversity of farming systems; action across the entire food system to avoid ‘lock-ins’; improved tools to measure farming outcomes; and nuanced and precise conversations regarding the nature and purpose of agroecological farming. We hope that our accessible and transparent approach might encourage the uptake of CSH research among systems researchers and practitioners.
How to shorten the market entry innovation in a highly regulated market. The case of Early access programs in the pharmaceutical industry
Authors: Bastone Anna , Schiavone Francesco , Carli Maria Rosaria , Juárez-Varón David 
Published: October 2023

AbstractGovernment regulation impacts deeply on the innovation process. Regulatory frameworks influence firms’ innovativeness. This study aims to provide an exploratory investigation of Early Access programs as a tool to shorten the time to place innovation in highly regulated markets. Thus, our research question is: How do institutional actors push the entry of innovation in highly regulated markets? To address the research question, a qualitative analysis was conducted using the multiple case study method among different countries. The analysis practised an inductive approach. The results provide an inductive conceptual framework to identify different configurations of Early Access programs based on three characterizing dimensions: (1) authorities involved, (2) eligibility criteria and (3) applicant. This study provides implications for both theory and practice. Future research will be needed to investigate the emerging aspects further and make the model generalisable.
Endlose Theorie: Zu ihrer Relevanz im Kontext von Big Data
Authors: Fuhrmann Jan Tobias 
Published: October 2023

ZusammenfassungMit dem 2008 von Chris Anderson proklamierten „Ende der Theorie“ geht eine erkenntnistheoretische Verschiebung einher, die fordert, dass Wissen nur noch algorithmisch produziert werden soll. Algorithmisches Wissen zeichnet sich dadurch aus, dass es durch Indikationen erzeugt wird und außerhalb des Sinnmediums operiert, indem es bewährte kommunikative Muster privilegiert. Es reproduziert seine kommunikative Anschlussfähigkeit aus der Grammatikalität der Kommunikation. Um dies zu zeigen, unterscheidet der Artikel mit Rancière zwischen „Polizei“ als einer Praxis zur Herstellung von Eindeutigkeit und „Politik“ als einer Praxis zur Herstellung von Kontingenz. Algorithmische Systeme reproduzieren ihre grammatikalische Polizei durch Korrelationen und schließen Zukunft ab, insofern sie diese restlos aus vorhandenen Daten ableiten. Im Gegensatz dazu kann kritische Theorie qua Markierung ihrer Eigenkontingenz Politik produzieren und somit Zukunft öffnen. Zugleich bedarf auch die Artikulation von Kritik der Indikation und des Gebrauchs hegemonialer Grammatikalität, kann also niemals als reine Invention auftreten. Daraus wird eine Emphase kritischer Theorie abgeleitet, die betont, dass mittels Theorie Kritik selbst prekär gesetzt werden kann: Theorie ist in der Lage, ihre eigene Kritik zu politisieren. Das vor allem unterscheidet sie vom algorithmischen Datenempirismus.
Mapping the shared socio-economic pathways onto the Nature Futures Framework at the global scale
Authors: Alexander Peter , Henry Roslyn , Rabin Sam , Arneth Almut , Rounsevell Mark 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe Nature Futures Framework (NFF) was developed for the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) to explore scenarios that represent a diversity of positive relationships between humans and nature. Widely used in global environmental assessments, the shared socio-economic pathways (SSPs) in combination with the representative concentration pathways (RCPs) were developed for climate change assessments. However, the relationship at a global level between the SSP–RCP scenario outcomes and the framing of the NFF around three value perspectives—Nature for Nature, Nature for Society, and Nature as Culture—has not been established. Here, we demonstrate a method to map onto the NFF value perspectives results from alternative SSP scenarios, each paired with an RCP consistent with the SSP storyline. For each of the NFF value perspectives, multiple elements were identified, each represented by one or more nature-focused indicators. Values for these indicators, for the different SSP scenario outcomes, were derived from an existing application of a global land system model, LandSyMM. A score for each indicator is estimated by comparing the indicator values against a normative target range. We find that only SSP1 provides greater benefits for Nature as Culture and Nature for Society relative to a 2010 baseline. Overall, the SSP scenarios provide fewer benefits for Nature for Nature, consistent with a bias towards the provision of material over non-material ecosystem services. The results demonstrate that the SSP–RCP scenario framing captures some, but not all, of the dimensions of nature and that alternative scenario framings, such as the NFF, are needed to study a broader range of biodiversity and ecosystem related questions as well as exploring positive futures.
Impact of ball milling on physicochemical, structural, and functional properties of Moringa oleifera L. leaf powders
Authors: Sakr Hazem , Ammar Amin , Zaki Hala , Salama Mohamed Abdelbaset , Ali Mostafa 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPhysicochemical, thermal, and structural properties of ball milling (BM) of Moringa oleifera leaf powders (M.L) were examined. By superfine grinding, three samples with different particle sizes (PAS) were produced. Specific surface area (SSA), Bulk (BD), tap (TD) densities and water solubility index (WSI) significantly increased with the decrease of PAS, while the angle of repose (AR), water holding capacity (WHC) and oil holding capacity (OHC) decreased. Also, as PAS was reduced, the flowability enhanced as the carr index changed from fair to good and AR ameliorated. Scanning electron microscopic (SEM) pictures showed that M.L were ground so finely that the form of the particles changed, started to be a regular shape and the surface roughness decreased as PAS decreased. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) curves showed that peak temperature decreased with the decrescent PAS. In all samples, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) detected no new chemical functional groups. No variation was found in the crystallinity index (CI) of any of the X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns for the BM samples, while crystal size decreased.
Osteocyte Mechanotransduction in Orthodontic Tooth Movement
Authors: Seddiqi Hadi , Klein-Nulend Jenneke , Jin Jianfeng 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Orthodontic tooth movement is characterized by periodontal tissue responses to mechanical loading, leading to clinically relevant functional adaptation of jaw bone. Since osteocytes are significant in mechanotransduction and orchestrate osteoclast and osteoblast activity, they likely play a central role in orthodontic tooth movement. In this review, we attempt to shed light on the impact and role of osteocyte mechanotransduction during orthodontic tooth movement.

Recent Findings
Mechanically loaded osteocytes produce signaling molecules, e.g., bone morphogenetic proteins, Wnts, prostaglandins, osteopontin, nitric oxide, sclerostin, and RANKL, which modulate the recruitment, differentiation, and activity of osteoblasts and osteoclasts. The major signaling pathways activated by mechanical loading in osteocytes are the wingless-related integration site (Wnt)/β-catenin and RANKL pathways, which are key regulators of bone metabolism. Moreover, osteocytes are capable of orchestrating bone adaptation during orthodontic tooth movement.

Summary
A better understanding of the role of osteocyte mechanotransduction is crucial to advance orthodontic treatment. The optimal force level on the periodontal tissues for orthodontic tooth movement producing an adequate biological response, is debated. This review emphasizes that both mechanoresponses and inflammation are essential for achieving tooth movement clinically. To fully comprehend the role of osteocyte mechanotransduction in orthodontic tooth movement, more knowledge is needed of the biological pathways involved. This will contribute to optimization of orthodontic treatment and enhance patient outcomes.
The Ethics of Human Brain Organoid Transplantation in Animals
Authors: Kataoka Masanori , Gyngell Christopher , Savulescu Julian , Sawai Tsutomu 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we outline how one might conduct a comprehensive ethical evaluation of human brain organoid transplantation in animals. Thus far, ethical concerns regarding this type of research have been assumed to be similar to those associated with other transplants of human cells in animals, and have therefore not received significant attention. The focus has been only on the welfare, moral status, or mental capacities of the host animal. However, the transplantation of human brain organoids introduces several new ethical issues. Many of these are related to uncertainty regarding whether or not brain organoids might be conscious. While these concerns might not be immediately relevant, they warrant closer scrutiny. We discuss how various ethical issues are relevant to different stages of human brain organoid transplantation and can guide the ethical evaluation of research. Our examination would broaden the horizons of the debate on the transplantation of brain organoids.