bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nonsurgical treatment of cubital subchondral cyst-like lesions in horses: Seven cases (1983-1987)
Authors: Hopen L. A. , Colahan P. T. , Turner T. A. , Nixon A. J. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Subchondral cyst-like lesions of the cubital joint were diagnosed in 7 horses at the teaching hospital between 1983 and 1987. Diagnosis of the lesions was made by administration of intra-articular local anesthesia and/or radiographically. Initial treatment for all horses consisted of stall rest for 60 to 90 days. In addition, 2 horses were administered sodium hyaluronate intra-articularly, 1 horse was given injections of polysulfated glycosaminoglycans im, and 1 horse was given phenylbutazone orally. Follow-up information was compiled 6 weeks to 4 years after initial examination. At the time of follow-up inquiry, 6 horses were sound for intended use and only 1 horse became lame when exercised. A logical approach to choice of surgical or nonsurgical treatment is proposed on the basis of these findings and those reported in the literature.
Complications associated with the use of iohexol for myelography of the cervical vertebral column in dogs: 66 cases (1988-1990)
Authors: Lewis Daniel D. , Hosgood Giselle 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Medical records of 66 dogs that had undergone myelography, using iohexol (240 mg of iodine/ml, 0.3 to 0.5 ml/kg of body weight) during a 2-year period, were reviewed. In 3 dogs, myelography was performed twice during different anesthetic procedures. Neurologic abnormalities were more pronounced the day after myelography in dogs with caudal cervical spondylomyelopathy (P < 0.01), meningitis (P < 0.01), or extradural tumors (P < 0.05). Neither anesthetic regimen nor duration of anesthesia significantly affected the frequency of complications. Seizures occurred after myelography in 6 dogs, and 1 dog had seizures after each of 2 myelographic procedures. The frequency of seizures was significantly greater in male Doberman Pinschers afflicted with caudal cervical spondylomyelopathy. Male dogs (P < 0.01) and Doberman Pinschers (P < 0.001) had higher prevalence of seizures. Caudal cervical spondylomyelopathy was associated with higher prevalence of seizures, compared with all other diagnoses (P < 0.001). Seizures were significantly more prevalent when body weight was ≥ 29 kg (P < 0.001), when ≥2 injections of contrast medium were administered (P < 0.016), or when 2 injections of contrast medium were given at the cisterna magna (P < 0.015). The 10% prevalence of seizures after myelography with iohexol in the study reported here is greater than in previous reports, but is lower than that reported after myelography using metrizamide.
Actinomycetales infections in slender-horned gazelles: Six cases (1987-1989)
Authors: Kinde Hailu , Walker Richard L. , Skinner Virginia A. , Daft Barbara M. , Hughes Roberta L. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Disseminated Actinomycetales infections were diagnosed in 6 slender-horned gazelles at a zoologic park over a 17-month period. Nocardia and Mycobacterium spp were isolated. Possible predisposing causes leading to infection were investigated. Environmental contamination where the gazelles were housed was not high, and other breeds of gazelles at the park did not become infected, indicating that environmental exposure was not the sole factor involved. Information gathered from questionnaires sent to other zoologic parks and personnel communications indicated that this was not an isolated incident. Investigation into the genetic lineage of the gazelles revealed substantial inbreeding in prior generations. These findings suggested inbreeding may have been an important predisposing factor leading to infection. Careful scrutiny to ensure maximal heterozygosity of future breedings is warranted.
Gram-negative bacterial infection in neonatal New World camelids: Six cases (1985-1991)
Authors: Adams Ragan , Garry Franklyn B. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Gram-negative bacterial infections were documented in 6 neonatal New World camelids (5 llamas and 1 alpaca). The organisms isolated from blood before death or from multiple organs after death were Escherichia coli (n = 3), Actinobacillus sp (n = 1), and Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 1). Only 2 crias survived, and 1 became blind secondary to retinal detachment and ocular inflammation, which developed after treatment for bacterial infection.
Abnormal events during the perinatal period (prematurity, dystocia, cesarean section, weak at birth) were reported in all 6 crias. Signs of depression, convulsions, and/or coma were observed in all animals. Diarrhea and respiratory distress were also noticed in the 3 crias that died shortly after admission.
Serum immunoglobulins were assessed, but without the benefit of a stall-side test specific for llama immunoglobulins. All crias were suspected to have poor transfer of maternal immunoglobulins. Hemograms and serum biochemical values prior to the initiation of treatment were obtained on 5 of the 6 crias. Total nucleated cells ranged from 1,400 to 23,100 cells/μl. Four of the 5 crias had a left shift, and 2 crias had toxic neutrophils. Serum glucose concentrations, measured in 5 of 6 crias, ranged from 83 to 293 mg/dl. Serum creatinine values were high in 2 of 5 crias, 1 of which had acute tubular necrosis. Three crias with high serum electrolyte (sodium, chloride, or potassium) values subsequently died. Arterial blood gas values were assessed in 3 crias, 1 of which had respiratory alkalosis and mild hypoxemia.
Effect of tiletamine/zolazepam sedation on intradermal allergy testing in atopic dogs
Authors: Codner Ellen C. , Lessard Pierre , McGrath Charles J. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Seven atopic dogs underwent intradermal allergy testing with 46 inhalant antigens before and after administration of a tiletamine/zolazepam solution (4 mg/kg of body weight, IV). This anesthetic protocol had no significant effect on the intradermal response caused by histamine, whole flea extract, or various inhalant allergens. Short-acting chemical restraint induced by the drug combination facilitated the intradermal testing procedure.
Effect of total ablation of the external acoustic meatus and bulla osteotomy on auditory function in dogs
Authors: Krahwinkel D. J. , Pardo A. D. , Sims M. H. , Bubb W. J. 
Published: December 2023

Summary:
Seven dogs with end-stage bilateral otitis externa were evaluated for auditory function before and after bilateral total ear canal ablation and lateral bulla osteotomy. Evaluations were performed by owner questionnaire and by recording brainstem auditory-evoked responses. Prior to surgery, all dogs could hear a loud voice or noise, however, only 3 dogs responded to a voice spoken at a normal level. Of the 14 ears tested electrodiagnostically, only 1 did not have a response, using air-conducted or bone-conducted stimuli. After surgery, 2 dogs responded to a normal voice, but all 7 responded to loud voices or noise. Three ears that had recordable brainstem auditory-evoked responses to air-conducted stimulation prior to surgery, failed to respond after surgery. Ears that responded to bone-conducted stimulation prior to surgery also responded after surgery.
Primary parathyroid gland hyperplasia in dogs: Six cases (1982-1991)
Authors: DeVries Susan E. , Feldman Edward C. , Nelson Richard W. , Kennedy Peter C. 
Published: December 2023

Summary:
Persistent hypercalcemia attributable to parathyroid gland hyperplasia was identified in 6 dogs with primary hyperparathyroidism. Clinical signs included polydipsia (n = 4), polyuria (n = 4), and signs caused by cystic calculi (n = 3). Abnormal clinical pathologic findings included hypercalcemia (mean, 13.6 mg/dl; range, 12.6 to 14.7 mg/dl; n = 6), hypophosphatemia (mean, 2.2 mg/dl; range, 1.4 to 2.9 mg/dl; n = 6), high serum alkaline phosphatase activity (mean, 222 IU/L; range, 161 to 286 IU/L; n = 3), and isosthenuria (mean, 1.012; range, 1.006 to 1.017; n = 6). Serum parathyroid hormone concentration was within the reference range or high (mean, 23 pmol/L; range, 7 to 119 pmol/L; reference range, 1.5 to 13 pmol/L) in all dogs.
At surgery, the number of large parathyroid glands was variable, being limited to 1 gland in 3 dogs, 2 glands in 2 dogs, and 4 glands in 1 dog. All visibly large parathyroid glands were surgically removed from each dog. Serum calcium concentration decreased into or below the reference range within 72 hours of surgery in all dogs, confirming the diagnosis of primary parathyroid disease. Multiple nodules of adenomatous hyperplasia were identified in each dog. All 6 dogs were treated with vitamin D and calcium carbonate following surgery. The dog from which all 4 parathyroid glands were removed has remained eucalcemic for more than 1 year with vitamin D supplementation. Vitamin D and calcium administration was discontinued within 4 to 12 weeks of surgery in the remaining 5 dogs. These dogs remained eucalcemic without vitamin D supplementation. Two dogs are still alive 12 and 35 months after surgery; 3 dogs died 3 to 4 years after surgery because of unrelated medical causes.
Peritonitis in horses: 67 cases (1985-1990)
Authors: Hawkins Jan F. , Bowman Karl F. , Roberts Malcolm C. , Cowen Peter 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Peritonitis was diagnosed in 67 horses between 1985 and 1990: 14 horses developed septic peritonitis after intestinal rupture, 25 horses developed peritonitis after abdominal surgery, and 28 horses had peritonitis not associated with intestinal rupture or abdominal surgery. Forty of 67 horses (59.7%) did not survive. Nonsurvivors had higher heart rates (P = 0.01), RBC count (P = 0.039), serum creatinine concentration (P = 0.036), pcv (P = 0.007), and anion gap (P = 0.005); lower venous blood pH (P = 0.002); and a greater number of bacterial species cultured from peritoneal fluid samples (P = 0.054), compared with those from survivors. Nonsurvivors were more likely to have signs of abdominal pain (P < 0.000), circulatory shock (P = 0.009), and bacteria in peritoneal fluid samples (P = 0.042). Physical examination and peritoneal fluid analysis were the most valuable diagnostic aids for intestinal rupture. Peritonitis after abdominal surgery resulted in high mortality (56%); peritonitis not associated with intestinal rupture or abdominal surgery had lower mortality (42.9%). Clinical and laboratory indices can be of value in determining the prognosis for horses with peritonitis.
Rabies surveillance in the United States during 1992
Authors: Krebs John W. , Strine Tara W. , Childs James E. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
In 1992, 49 states, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico reported 8,644 cases of rabies in nonhuman animals and 1 case in a human being to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Almost 92% (7,912 cases) were wild animals, the largest number of wild animals ever reported, whereas 8.5% (732 cases) were domestic species. The total number of reported cases increased 23.9% over that of 1991 (6,975 cases), with most of the increase resulting from continued spread of rabies in raccoons. The 2 epizootics of rabies in raccoons (Northeastern/mid-Atlantic region and Southeastern region) are now approachig convergence in North Carolina (49 reported cases of rabies in 1992). Massachusetts (57 cases), New York City (41 cases), and New Hampshire (10 cases) became new additions to the epizootic in the Northeast, with Maine, Rhode Island, and Vermont the only states in the region without cases associated with the raccoon strain of rabies. The state of New York (including New York City) reported 1,761 cases (79% in raccoons) of rabies, the largest number ever recorded for any state. Increases attributable to epizootics of rabies in other species were reported by Alaska (25 cases in 1992, compared with 12 in 1991 mainly attributable to rabies in foxes) and Kansas (374 cases in 1992, compared with 63 in 1991, mainly attributable to rabies in skunks). Reported cases of rabies in coyotes (75) increased 50% over those for 1991 (50 cases). In the southern portion of Texas (reporting 70 of the 75 cases in coyotes), there was a similar increase (55%) in reported cases of rabies in dogs, whereas nationally, reported cases of rabies in dogs (182) increased 17%. Twenty states, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico reported decreases in rabies in animals in 1992, compared with 16 states in 1991. Hawaii was the only state that did not report a case of rabies in 1992.
Abdominal radiography for diagnosis of enterolithiasis in horses: 141 cases (1990-1992)
Authors: Yarbrough Tom B. , Langer Douglas L. , Snyder Jack R. , Gardner Ian A. , O’Brien Tim R. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Medical records of 245 horses that had been evaluated by use of abdominal radiography between January 1990 and December 1992 were reviewed. One hundred forty-one horses subsequently had a postmortem examination or surgical exploration performed for definitive lesion diagnosis. The signalment, diagnosis, site, and number of enteroliths were obtained from the medical records. Radiographs were evaluated individually by 3 reviewers for the presence of enteroliths, preferred diagnostic view, evidence of large colon tympany, and film quality. Of the 141 cases reviewed, 66.7% (94/141) had confirmed enterolithiasis. Enteroliths were identified in the right dorsal colon of 59 horses, in the transverse colon of 28, in the small colon of 24, and in the ventral colon of 1 (enteroliths were detected in multiple sites in 12 horses). For the 3 reviewers, mean sensitivity was 76.9% and specificity was 94.4%. Mean positive-predictive value was 96.4%, and negative-predictive value was 67.5%. Cases involving only large colon enteroliths were correctly diagnosed 83.2% of the time, compared with 41.6% of the time for cases involving small colon enteroliths. Enteroliths were evident in 54.8% of the horses with radiographic signs of large colon distention. Fifteen horses had enteroliths in the small colon, 4 in the transverse colon, and 4 in the dorsal colon.
Radiographic quality was evaluated and scored as adequate (0), underexposed (−1), overexposed (1), or incomplete. Mean score was −0.5, and there were 21 (14.9%) incomplete studies. For the 75 cases correctly diagnosed via abdominal radiography, there were 14 (18.7%) incomplete studies and a mean score of −0.43. Of the 19 false-negative evaluations, there were 3 (15.8%) incomplete studies and a mean score of −0.69. The most common error leading to the missed diagnoses seemed to be inadequate penetration of the abdomen.
Giant cell variant of malignant fibrous histiocytoma in dogs: 10 cases (1986–1993)
Authors: Waters Carrie B. , Morrison Wallace B. , DeNicola Dennis B. , Widmer William R. , White M. Randall 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Signalment, tumor sites, clinicopathologic, radiographic, and ultrasonographic features, as well as treatment protocols and survival information, were evaluated for 10 dogs with a histologic diagnosis of giant cell variant of malignant fibrous histiocytoma. Common clinical findings included subcutaneous masses, weight loss, anorexia, and lethargy. Laboratory abnormalities included anemia, hypoalbuminemia, and high concentrations of serum hepatic enzymes. Radiography and ultrasonography were useful in staging the extent of metastasis. Seven dogs had tumor metastasis at the time of diagnosis. Two other dogs developed evidence of metastasis during the course of treatment. The most common sites of tumor involvement were subcutaneous tissues, lymph nodes, liver, and lungs. Treatment protocols included surgical resection, intraoperative radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. Median survival time of all dogs was 61 days. Median survival time of the 6 treated dogs was 161 days. Findings on necropsy revealed metastasis with multiple organ involvement. The giant cell variant of malignant fibrous histiocytoma was determined to be a highly metastatic neoplasm in dogs, which may be responsive to surgical excision, chemotherapy, or radiotherapy.
Treatment of thyroid carcinoma in dogs by surgical resection alone: 20 cases (1981-1989)
Authors: Klein M. K. , Powers B. E. , Withrow S. J. , Curtis C. R. , Straw R. C. , Ogilvie G. K. , Dickinson Krista L. , Cooper Mary F. , Baier Monika 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Of 82 dogs with thyroid carcinoma seen between January 1981 and October 1989, 20 had freely movable tumors without evidence of metastasis and were treated with surgical excision alone. Uncensored mean and median survival times for these 20 dogs were both 20.5 months. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, which censors for nontumor-related deaths and dogs lost to follow-up, indicated that median survival time was greater than 36 months. Seven dogs died of tumor-related causes: 2 died because of metastasis or local recurrence of the tumor, 5 died of treatment-related complications (eg, laryngeal paralysis, hypocalcemia, tracheostomy complications). Eight dogs died of unrelated causes; 1 dog was lost to follow-up at 26 months after surgery; 3 dogs were alive 19, 24, and 26 months after surgery. Cause of death could not be determined in the remaining dog. Long-term survival is possible following surgical removal of mobile thyroid carcinomas in dogs.
Prognostic factors associated with radiotherapy of squamous cell carcinoma of the nasal plane in cats
Authors: Théon Alain P. , Madewell Bruce R. , Shearn Valerie I. , Moulton Jack E. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Ninety cats were irradiated for treatment of squamous cell carcinoma of the nasal plane. The 1- and 5-year progression-free survival rates were 60.1 ± 5.5% and 10.3 ± 6.2%, respectively. Analysis of progression-free survival times revealed that clinical stage and tumor proliferative fraction (estimated by the use of a proliferating cell nuclear-antigen immunohistochemical method) had significant prognostic value. Conversely, coat color, presence of multiple facial carcinomas, histologic grade, and feline immunodeficiency virus infection status were not found to have prognostic value. Acute radiation reactions were mild and self-limiting. Severe chronic radiation reactions were more frequent in cats infected with feline immunodeficiency virus. Results of the study indicated that cats with squamous cell carcinoma of the nasal plane benefit from radiotherapy and that treatment might be improved by increasing the radiation dose as well as altering the dose-fractionation scheme.
Transcolonic sodium pertechnetate Tc 99m scintigraphy for diagnosis of macrovascular portosystemic shunts in dogs, cats, and potbellied pigs: 176 cases (1988–1992)
Authors: Koblik Philip D. , Hornof William J. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Medical records of 176 animals that underwent transcolonic sodium pertechnetate Tc 99m scintigraphy between September 1988 and June 1992 were reviewed. The study included 162 dogs, 10 cats, and 4 potbellied pigs. Whenever possible, scan results were confirmed during exploratory surgery or necropsy. For animals that did not undergo surgery or necropsy, additional medical information, (ie, results of histologic examination of hepatic biopsy specimens, clinicopathologic testing, abdominal ultrasonography, and clinical outcome) was evaluated to estimate the likelihood that the scan interpretation was correct. Interpretations were classified as confirmed true, probable true, possible false, or unconfirmed results. Of the 97 scans interpreted as positive for portosystemic shunting, 85 were classified as confirmed true-positive results, 5 were classified as probable true-positive results, and 7 were classified as unconfirmed results. None were classified as confirmed or possible false-positive results. Of the 79 scans interpreted as negative for portosystemic shunting, 3 were classified as confirmed true-negative results, 54 were classified as probable true-negative results, 1 was classified as a possible false-negative result, and 21 were classified as unconfirmed results. Our results suggest that transcolonic pertechnetate scintigraphy has satisfactory performance as a diagnostic test for macrovascular portosystemic shunting.
Ultrasonographic evaluation of the adrenal glands in dogs
Authors: Barthez Paul Y. , Nyland Thomas G. , Feldman Edward C. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Objective—
To determine normal adrenal gland size by means of ultrasonography in dogs and to determine the value of ultrasonography in the diagnosis of pituitary-de-pendent hyperadrenocorticism (PDH) in dogs.

Design—
Prospective observational study.

Animals—
62 dogs: 20 healthy dogs, 20 dogs with non-endocrine disease, and 22 dogs with untreated PDH.

Procedure—
Length and maximum and minimum diameter of the adrenal glands were measured ultrasonographically. Multiple regression and correlation analyses were used to determine whether body weight, kidney length, aortic diameter, or age was related to adrenal gland size. Two-tailed t-tests and multiple linear regression analysis were used to compare values between groups. Sensitivity and specificity of using ultrasonographic measurement of adrenal gland size as a diagnostic test for PDH were determined.

Results—
There was a significant linear relationship between adrenal gland length, but not maximum and minimum diameters, and body weight, aortic diameter, and kidney length in healthy dogs and in dogs with nonenocrine diseases. Length, maximum diameter, and minimum diameter of the right adrenal gland and maximum and minimum diameters of the left adrenal gland were significantly greater in dogs with PDH than in healthy dogs and dogs with nonendocrine diseases. As a diagnostic test for
pdh, ultrasonographic measurement of maximum or minimum diameter of the left adrenal gland gave the best combination of sensitivity and specificity. For maximum diameter of the left adrenal gland, sensitivity was 77% and specificity was 80%. For minimum diameter of the left adrenal gland, sensitivity was 73% and specificity was 85%.

Clinical Implication—
Ultrasonography of the adrenal glands is a valuable diagnostic procedure in dogs suspected of having pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism.
Intramuscular administration of ceftiofur sodium versus intramammary infusion of penicillin/novobiocin for treatment of Streptococcus agalactiae mastitis in dairy cows
Authors: Erskine Ronald J. , Bartlett Paul C. , Johnson II Gilbert L. , Halbert Lisa W. 
Published: December 2023

Objective—
To determine the efficacy of intramuscular administration of ceftiofur sodium as treatment for intra-mammary infections attributable to Streptococcus agalac-tiae, compared with that for a standard treatment of intramammary infusion of penicillin/novobiocin.

Design—
Prospective, randomized, controlled trial.

Animals—
72 lactating Holstein cows with intramammary infections caused by S agalactiae from 5 commercial dairies in Michigan.

Procedure—
In 36 of 72 infected cows, ceftiofur was administered (2.2 mg/kg of body weight, IM, q 24 h) for 5 days; 150 mg of novobiocin and 100,000 U of procaine penicillin G was infused daily into each mammary gland of the other 36 cows for 2 days. Milk samples were collected aseptically at approximately 4 and 8 weeks after initial treatment. If cows were determined to be infected at 4 weeks after initial treatment, the treatment was repeated.

Results—
The cure rate at 4 weeks (91.7%) and at 8 weeks (96.8%) after initial treatment for the penicillin/ novobiocin-treated cows was significantly (P < 0.0001) higher, compared with that of the ceftiofur-treated cows (2.8 and 9.1%, respectively). Somatic cell counts were significantly (P < 0.0001) lower in the penicillin/novobio-cin-treated group after treatment.

Clinical Implications—
Intramuscular administration of ceftiofur is not efficacious as a treatment to eliminate intramammary infections caused by S agalactiae and should not be used to reduce the prevalence of this organism in dairy herds. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1996;208: 258-260)