bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bilateral objective tinnitus secondary to congenital middle-ear myoclonus
Authors: Howsam G D , Sharma A , Lambden S P , Fitzgerald J , Prinsley P R 
Published: June 2005

Subjective tinnitus (heard only by the patient) is a common otological complaint. Objective tinnitus (heard by the examiner as well as the patient) is extremely rare. There are only a few cases of objective tinnitus, secondary to middle-ear myoclonus, described in the literature.We present the case of a child with bilateral, congenital, objective tinnitus, secondary to middle-ear myoclonus, with otherwise normal hearing thresholds (250Hz-8kHz), and with no evidence of intra-cerebral or systemic disorders. No similar case has been reported in the world literature.
Hip morphology influences the pattern of damage to the acetabular cartilage
Authors: Beck M. , Kalhor M. , Leunig M. , Ganz R. 
Published: June 2005

Recently, femoroacetabular impingement has been recognised as a cause of early osteoarthritis. There are two mechanisms of impingement: 1) cam impingement caused by a non-spherical head and 2) pincer impingement caused by excessive acetabular cover. We hypothesised that both mechanisms result in different patterns of articular damage. Of 302 analysed hips only 26 had an isolated cam and 16 an isolated pincer impingement. Cam impingement caused damage to the anterosuperior acetabular cartilage with separation between the labrum and cartilage. During flexion, the cartilage was sheared off the bone by the non-spherical femoral head while the labrum remained untouched. In pincer impingement, the cartilage damage was located circumferentially and included only a narrow strip. During movement the labrum is crushed between the acetabular rim and the femoral neck causing degeneration and ossification.Both cam and pincer impingement lead to osteoarthritis of the hip. Labral damage indicates ongoing impingement and rarely occurs alone.
Medium-term results of the Charnley low-offset femoral stem
Authors: Ebied A. , Hoad-Reddick D. A. , Raut V. 
Published: June 2005

A reduced femoral offset in total hip replacement has been thought to be disadvantageous. We reviewed the results of 54 consecutive primary total hip replacements in 49 patients (mean age of 68 years) performed between August 1990 and December 1994, with a mean follow-up of 8.8 years (sd 2.1). The mean pre-operative femoral offset for these hips was 41 mm (sd 7.4). All patients received a low-offset Charnley stem and a polyethylene cup inserted by a single surgeon. At their latest follow-up, surviving patients had a significant improvement in the performance of their hip. Three had undergone revision, one each for deep infection, recurrent dislocation and late pain with subluxation. No hips had been revised, or were at risk of revision, for aseptic loosening. The mean annual linear rate of wear was 0.2 mm (sd 0.08) for the whole group. There was no correlation between the pre-operative femoral offset and the post-operative rate of wear. Our survivorship estimate was 91% when revision for any reason was taken as an end-point, but 100% if aseptic loosening was considered as the end-point. Our study demonstrates that a low-offset femoral stem can produce good, medium-term results.
Natural history of fixed flexion deformity following total knee replacement
Authors: Aderinto J. , Brenkel I. J. , Chan P. 
Published: June 2005

We investigated fixed flexion deformity (FFD) after total knee replacement (TKR). Data relating to 369 cruciate-retaining unilateral TKRs performed at a single institution were collected prospectively. Fixed flexion was measured pre-operatively and at one week, six months, 18 months, three years and five years after surgery. Using binary logistic regression, pre-operative FFD was a predictor of post-operative FFD > 10° at one week (p = 0.006) and six months (p = 0.003) following surgery. Gender was a predictor at one week (p = 0.0073) with 24% of women showing a FFD > 10° compared with 37% of men. We have shown that a gradual improvement in knee extension can be expected up to three years after surgery in knees with FFD. By this time residual FFD is mild or absent in the majority of patients, including those who had a severe pre-operative FFD.
Influence of surface geometry and the cam-post mechanism on the kinematics of total knee replacement
Authors: Pandit H. , Ward T. , Hollinghurst D. , Beard D. J. , Gill H. S. , Thomas N. P. , Murray D. W. 
Published: June 2005

Abnormal sagittal kinematics after total knee replacement (TKR) can adversely affect functional outcome. Two important determinants of knee kinematics are component geometry and the presence or absence of a posterior-stabilising mechanism (cam-post). We investigated the influence of these variables by comparing the kinematics of a TKR with a polyradial femur with a single radius design, both with and without a cam-post mechanism. We assessed 55 patients, subdivided into four groups, who had undergone a TKR one year earlier by using an established fluoroscopy protocol in order to examine their kinematics in vivo. The kinematic profile was obtained by measuring the patellar tendon angle through the functional knee flexion range (0° to 90°) and the results compared with 14 normal knees. All designs of TKR had abnormal sagittal kinematics compared with the normal knee. There was a significant (p < 0.05) difference between those of the two TKRs near to full extension. The presence of the cam-post mechanism did not influence the kinematics for either TKR design. These differences suggest that surface geometry is a stronger determinant of kinematics than the presence or absence of a cam-post mechanism for these two designs. This may be because the cam-post mechanism is ineffective.
Deep-vein thrombosis in high-energy skeletal trauma despite thromboprophylaxis
Authors: Stannard J. P. , Singhania A. K. , Lopez-Ben R. R. , Anderson E. R. , Farris R. C. , Volgas D. A. , McGwin G. R. , Alonso J. E. 
Published: June 2005

We report the incidence and location of deep-vein thrombosis in 312 patients who had sustained high-energy, skeletal trauma. They were investigated using magnetic resonance venography and Duplex ultrasound. Despite thromboprophylaxis, 36 (11.5%) developed venous thromboembolic disease with an incidence of 10% in those with non-pelvic trauma and 12.2% in the group with pelvic trauma. Of patients who developed deep-vein thrombosis, 13 of 27 in the pelvic group (48%) and only one of nine in the non-pelvic group (11%) had a definite pelvic deep-vein thrombosis. When compared with magnetic resonance venography, ultrasound had a false-negative rate of 77% in diagnosing pelvic deep-vein thrombosis. Its value in the pelvis was limited, although it was more accurate than magnetic resonance venography in diagnosing clots in the lower limbs. Additional screening may be needed to detect pelvic deep-vein thrombosis in patients with pelvic or acetabular fractures.
Acetabular fractures
Authors: Laird A. , Keating J. F. 
Published: June 2005

We prospectively analysed the epidemiology of acetabular fractures over a period of 16 years in order to identify changes in their incidence or other demographic features. Our study cohort comprised a consecutive series of 351 patients with acetabular fractures admitted to a single institution between January 1988 and December 2003. There was no significant change in the overall incidence of acetabular fractures, which remained at 3 patients/100 000/year. There was, however, a significant reduction in the number of men sustaining an acetabular fracture over the period (p < 0.02). The number of fractures resulting from falls from a height < 10 feet showed a significant increase (p < 0.002), but there was no change in those caused by motor-vehicle accidents. There was a significant reduction in the median Injury Severity score over the period which was associated with a significant decrease in mortality (p < 0.04) and a reduction in the length of hospital stay. The incidence of osteoarthritis noted during follow-up of operatively-treated fractures declined from 31% to 14%, reflecting improved results with increasing subspecialisation. Our findings suggest that there will be a continuing need for some orthopaedic surgeons to specialise in the management of these fractures. In addition, the reductions in the Injury Severity score and mortality may be associated with improved road and vehicle safety.
Elective Caesarean section is associated with a reduction in developmental dysplasia of the hip in term breech infants
Authors: Lowry C. A. , Donoghue V. B. , O’Herlihy C. , Murphy J. F. 
Published: June 2005

We wished to establish whether delivery by Caesarean section influenced the incidence of developmental dysplasia of the hip in term breech infants compared with those delivered vaginally. We used maternal charts, singleton term breech presentation, mode of delivery and incidence of developmental dysplasia of the hip for births between January 1997 and October 2002. During the study period 46 089 infants were born. We analysed a total of 941 breech infants of whom 756 were delivered by Caesarean section (515 pre-labour, 241 intrapartum) and 185 vaginally. The incidence of developmental dysplasia of the hip according to the mode of delivery was 19 of 515 (3.69%) following pre-labour Caesarean section, 16 of 241 (6.64%) for intrapartum Caesarean section and 15 of 185 (8.11%) after vaginal delivery. There was a lower incidence of developmental dysplasia of the hip among those infants delivered by elective Caesarean section compared with those delivered vaginally (p < 0.02). These results demonstrate a significantly lower incidence of developmental dysplasia of the hip in term singleton breech births delivered by elective, pre-labour Caesarean section and suggest that labour and delivery influence hip stability in predisposed infants.
Outcomes of Inappropriate Prescribing of β-Blockers After an Acute Myocardial Infarction in a Medicaid Population
Authors: Fernandes Ancilla W , Madhavan S Suresh , Amonkar Mayur M , Bell Dawn , Islam Syed S , Scott Virginia G 
Published: June 2005

BACKGROUND: Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is associated with high mortality. β-Blockers are known to reduce mortality and reinfarction rates when used for long-term prevention following an AMI. OBJECTIVE: To assess the prescribing patterns of β-blockers in patients after experiencing an AMI in the West Virginia Medicaid program and examine its impact on patient outcomes. METHODS: One-year pre- and post-AMI data were extracted for 488 Medicaid patients. Prescribing of β-blockers within 90 days after discharge was evaluated among these patients. Based on American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology guidelines, patients were divided into 2 groups: those prescribed therapy appropriately and those prescribed therapy inappropriately (underuse, misuse). One-year all-cause mortality, cardiac mortality, and cardiac morbidity were compared between the groups using survival analysis. RESULTS: Approximately 64% of the patients were appropriately prescribed β-blockers and illustrated significantly (p = 0.035%) lower all-cause mortality rates compared with the inappropriately prescribed group at the one-year follow-up. Cardiac mortality evaluation showed no significant findings. The groups differed significantly in morbidity outcome (time to first cardiac hospitalization), with the inappropriate group exhibiting later hospitalization at the end of the year (p = 0.019%). However, the appropriate group had a higher proportion of hypertensive patients, suggesting more severity compared with the inappropriate group. CONCLUSIONS: Inappropriate prescribing of β-blockers following AMI was observed in this Medicaid population. Data suggest that there were overall survival benefits associated with appropriate β-blocker prescribing. However, cardiac morbidity associated with inappropriate prescribing needs to be evaluated after adjusting for disease severity between the 2 groups.
Widespread Correlations Between Dominance and Homozygous Effects of Mutations: Implications for Theories of Dominance
Authors: Phadnis Nitin , Fry James D 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe dominance of deleterious mutations has important consequences for phenomena such as inbreeding depression, the evolution of diploidy, and levels of natural genetic variation. Kacser and Burns' metabolic theory provides a paradigmatic explanation for why most large-effect mutations are recessive. According to the metabolic theory, the recessivity of large-effect mutations is a consequence of a diminishing-returns relationship between flux through a metabolic pathway and enzymatic activity at any step in the pathway, which in turn is an inevitable consequence of long metabolic pathways. A major line of support for this theory was the demonstration of a negative correlation between homozygous effects and dominance of mutations in Drosophila, consistent with a central prediction of the metabolic theory. Using data on gene deletions in yeast, we show that a negative correlation between homozygous effects and dominance of mutations exists for all major categories of genes analyzed, not just those encoding enzymes. The relationship between dominance and homozygous effects is similar for duplicated and single-copy genes and for genes whose products are members of protein complexes and those that are not. A complete explanation of dominance therefore requires either a generalization of Kacser and Burns' theory to nonenzyme genes or a new theory.
A Genetic Linkage Map for the Tiger Pufferfish,Takifugu rubripes
Authors: Kai Wataru , Kikuchi Kiyoshi , Fujita Masashi , Suetake Hiroaki , Fujiwara Atushi , Yoshiura Yasutoshi , Ototake Mitsuru , Venkatesh Byrappa , Miyaki Kadoo , Suzuki Yuzuru 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe compact genome of the tiger pufferfish, Takifugu rubripes (fugu), has been sequenced to the “draft” level and annotated to identify all the genes. However, the assembly of the draft genome sequence is highly fragmented due to the lack of a genetic or a physical map. To determine the long-range linkage relationship of the sequences, we have constructed the first genetic linkage map for fugu. The maps for the male and female spanning 697.1 and 1213.5 cM, respectively, were arranged into 22 linkage groups by markers heterozygous in both parents. The resulting map consists of 200 microsatellite loci physically linked to genome sequences spanning ∼39 Mb in total. Comparisons of the genome maps of fugu, other teleosts, and mammals suggest that syntenic relationship is more conserved in the teleost lineage than in the mammalian lineage. Map comparisons also show a pufferfish lineage-specific rearrangement of the genome resulting in colocalization of two Hox gene clusters in one linkage group. This map provides a foundation for development of a complete physical map, a basis for comparison of long-range linkage of genes with other vertebrates, and a resource for mapping loci responsible for phenotypic differences among Takifugu species.
A Role for the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Regulation of Ace2 and Polarized Morphogenesis Signaling Network in Cell Integrity
Authors: Kurischko Cornelia , Weiss Gretchen , Ottey Michelle , Luca Francis C 
Published: June 2005

Abstract
Saccharomyces cerevisiae RAM is a conserved signaling network that regulates maintenance of polarized growth and daughter-cell-specific transcription, the latter of which is critical for septum degradation. Consequently, cells defective in RAM function (designated ramΔ) are round in morphology, form feeble mating projections, and fail to separate following cytokinesis. It was recently demonstrated that RAM genes are essential in strains containing functional SSD1 (SSD1-v), which encodes a protein of unknown function that binds the RAM Cbk1p kinase. Here we investigated the essential function of RAM in SSD1-v strains and identified two functional groups of dosage suppressors for ramΔ lethality. We establish that all ramΔ mutants exhibit cell integrity defects and cell lysis. All dosage suppressors rescue the lysis but not the cell polarity or cell separation defects of ramΔ cells. One class of dosage suppressors is composed of genes encoding cell wall proteins, indicating that alterations in cell wall structure can rescue the cell lysis in ramΔ cells. Another class of ramΔ dosage suppressors is composed of ZRG8 and SRL1, which encode two unrelated proteins of unknown function. We establish that ZRG8 and SRL1 share similar genetic interactions and phenotypes. Significantly, Zrg8p coprecipitates with Ssd1p, localizes similarly to RAM proteins, and is dependent on RAM for localization. Collectively, these data indicate that RAM and Ssd1p function cooperatively to control cell integrity and suggest that Zrg8p and Srl1p function as nonessential inhibitors of Ssd1p.
The Element(s) at the NontranscribedXistLocus of the Active X Chromosome Controls Chromosomal Replication Timing in the Mouse
Authors: Diaz-Perez Silvia , Ouyang Yan , Perez Vanessa , Cisneros Roxanna , Regelson Moira , Marahrens York 
Published: June 2005

AbstractIn female mammalian cells, the inactive X chromosome is replicated late in S phase while the active X chromosome is replicated earlier. The replication times of the X chromosomes reflect a general trend in which late replication is associated with gene repression and earlier replication with transcriptional competence. The X-linked Xist gene is expressed exclusively from the inactive X chromosome where it is involved in the initiation and maintenance of X-inactivation. In contrast, no biological activity has been assigned to the Xist locus of the active X chromosome where the Xist gene is transcriptionally silenced. Here, we provide evidence that the element(s) at the nontranscribed Xist locus of the active X chromosome controls chromosomal replication timing in cis.
Phenotypic Selection for Dormancy Introduced a Set of Adaptive Haplotypes From Weedy Into Cultivated Rice
Authors: Gu Xing-You , Kianian Shahryar F , Foley Michael E 
Published: June 2005

Abstract
Association of seed dormancy with shattering, awn, and black hull and red pericarp colors enhances survival of wild and weedy species, but challenges the use of dormancy genes in breeding varieties resistant to preharvest sprouting. A phenotypic selection and recurrent backcrossing technique was used to introduce dormancy genes from a wild-like weedy rice to a breeding line to determine their effects and linkage with the other traits. Five generations of phenotypic selection alone for low germination extremes simultaneously retained dormancy alleles at five independent QTL, including qSD12 (R2 &gt; 50%), as determined by genome-wide scanning for their main and/or epistatic effects in two BC4F2 populations. Four dormancy loci with moderate to small effects colocated with QTL/genes for one to three of the associated traits. Multilocus response to the selection suggests that these dormancy genes are cumulative in effect, as well as networked by epistases, and that the network may have played a “sheltering” role in maintaining intact adaptive haplotypes during the evolution of weeds. Tight linkage may prevent the dormancy genes from being used in breeding programs. The major effect of qSD12 makes it an ideal target for map-based cloning and the best candidate for imparting resistance to preharvest sprouting.
Estimating the Time to the Whole-Genome Duplication and the Duration of Concerted Evolution via Gene Conversion in Yeast
Authors: Sugino Ryuichi P , Innan Hideki 
Published: June 2005

Abstract
A maximum-likelihood (ML) method is developed to estimate the duration of concerted evolution and the time to the whole-genome duplication (WGD) event in baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). The models with concerted evolution fit the data significantly better than the molecular clock model, indicating a crucial role of concerted evolution via gene conversion after gene duplication in yeast. Our ML estimate of the time to the WGD is nearly identical to the time to the speciation event between S. cerevisiae and Kluyveromyces waltii, suggesting that the WGD occurred in very early stages after speciation or the WGD might have been involved in the speciation event.
Brc1-Mediated DNA Repair and Damage Tolerance
Authors: Sheedy Daniel M , Dimitrova Dora , Rankin Jessica K , Bass Kirstin L , Lee Karen M , Tapia-Alveal Claudia , Harvey Susan H , Murray Johanne M , O'Connell Matthew J 
Published: June 2005

Abstract
The structural maintenance of chromosome (SMC) proteins are key elements in controlling chromosome dynamics. In eukaryotic cells, three essential SMC complexes have been defined: cohesin, condensin, and the Smc5/6 complex. The latter is essential for DNA damage responses; in its absence both repair and checkpoint responses fail. In fission yeast, the UV-C and ionizing radiation (IR) sensitivity of a specific hypomorphic allele encoding the Smc6 subunit, rad18-74 (renamed smc6-74), is suppressed by mild overexpression of a six-BRCT-domain protein, Brc1. Deletion of brc1 does not result in a hypersensitivity to UV-C or IR, and thus the function of Brc1 relative to the Smc5/6 complex has remained unclear. Here we show that brc1Δ cells are hypersensitive to a range of radiomimetic drugs that share the feature of creating lesions that are an impediment to the completion of DNA replication. Through a genetic analysis of brc1Δ epistasis and by defining genes required for Brc1 to suppress smc6-74, we find that Brc1 functions to promote recombination through a novel postreplication repair pathway and the structure-specific nucleases Slx1 and Mus81. Activation of this pathway through overproduction of Brc1 bypasses a repair defect in smc6-74, reestablishing resolution of lesions by recombination.
Temporally and Spatially Heterogeneous Distribution of mTHPC in a Murine Tumor Observed by Two‐color Confocal Fluorescence Imaging and Spectroscopy in a Whole‐mount Model
Authors: Mitra Soumya , Maugain Estelle , Bolotine Lina , Guillemin Francois , Foster Thomas H. 
Published: June 2005

ABSTRACTEfficient intratumor delivery of anticancer drugs and photo‐sensitizers is an important factor in the success of chemotherapy and photodynamic therapy, respectively. Unfortunately, their adequate and uniform intratumor distribution is impeded by several physiological barriers and by binding to tissue components. Measurement of gross tumor drug accumulation is a routine method of investigating the uptake and clearance of chemotherapy agents and photosensitizers but tells little about their extravascular spatial distribution. We use whole‐mount two‐color confocal fluorescence imaging and imaging spectroscopy of unprocessed excised murine tumor fragments to investigate the intratumor distribution of the photosensitizer meso‐tetrahydroxyphenyl chlorin (mTHPC) as a function of distance from blood vessels perfused with 0.2 μm diameter fluorescent microspheres. Significant mismatches between drug and perfused vasculature are caused by heterogeneities in tumor blood supply. We describe complex microscopic mTHPC gradients that reverse dramatically relative to the perfused vasculature with time after injection. This imaging technique can be applied to screen the dynamic intratumor distribution of other fluorescent photosensitizers and anticancer drugs.