bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Corneal Densitometry in Chinese Adults with Healthy Corneas: Associations with Sex, Age, Ocular Metrics, and Optical Characteristics
Authors: Ning Jiliang , Sun Siyu , Zhang Qiaosi , Jin Lin , Liu Xiaoyu , Xu Jun , Zhang Lijun 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
This study aimed to determine the standard values of corneal densitometry (CD) using a Scheimpflug camera in healthy corneas. Additionally, this study aimed to investigate the correlations between sex, age, ocular parameters, and corneal density, as well as explore the impact of corneal density on the forward scattering and optical quality of the eye.
Methods
This retrospective observational study involved 990 healthy subjects from China, comprising 494 males and 496 females (mean age of 23.88 ± 6.90 years). The CD values at various depths and radial areas of 0–12 mm were measured using a Scheimpflug camera. Densitometric measurements were expressed in standardized grayscale units (GSU). In addition, the optical scatter index (OSI), modulation transfer function cutoff values (MTFcutoff ), and Strehl’s ratio (SR) were determined using an optical quality analysis system.
Results
The average CD within a 12 mm diameter area was 16.26 ± 1.35GSU. When considering different depths, the highest and lowest optical densities were observed in the anterior layer (21.41 ± 2.16GSU) and posterior layer (12.00 ± 1.01GSU), respectively (P < 0.001). Similarly, when considering different radial areas, the maximum and minimum optical densities were found in the 10–12 mm (14.09 ± 0.93GSU) and 2–6 mm (25.93 ± 4.77GSU) circles, respectively (P < 0.001). There was no statistically significant difference in the average CD within a 12 mm diameter area between males and females (P > 0.05). However, upon adjusting for variables such as age, central corneal thickness (CCT), corneal curvature, white-to-white (WTW) corneal diameter, and axial length, females exhibited a greater average CD within the 12 mm diameter and in the 6–10 mm and 10–12 mm circles compared to males. Age-related changes in CD were evident, except for the 2–6 mm circle. Notably, there was a correlation between CCT, corneal curvature, WTW corneal diameter, partial depth, and radial area CD. Additionally, CD in different areas correlated with the OSI, MTFcutoff, and SR (P < 0.05).
Conclusions
This study provides normative CD measurement data in Chinese adults with healthy corneas, emphasizing the significance of factors such as sex, age, CCT, corneal curvature, and WTW corneal diameter in CD evaluation. Importantly, elevated CD can lead to increased forward scatter within the eye, thereby affecting the optical quality.
Enhancing the omega-3 fatty acid synthesis of marine microalgae using indigenous red seaweed resources of Gulf of mannar region as liquid fertilizers
Authors: Abarna Krishna Moorthy , V Rani , P Padmavathy , P Jawahar , A Uma , C Kalidas , N Manimozhi , P Santhanam , A Gowthami 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Fatty acids of microalgae particularly EPA and DHA has great attention worldwide in recent times due its major role in human neurological development and microalgae is considered to be a best source. Hence, the present study was aimed to utilize indigenous seaweeds as a bio-stimulant in enhancing the fatty acid synthesis of microalgae. Three different seaweed liquid fertilizers (SLFs) prepared from indigenous seaweed species viz., Gracilaria edulis (SLF-1), Gelidiella pannosa (SLF-2) and Sargassum wightii (SLF-3) contain enormous amount of essential nutrients required for microalgal growth. Nitrogen, potassium and iron levels were higher in SLF-1 whereas phosphorous, calcium and zinc levels were higher in SLF-2. The growth performance of both alga on three different SLFs revealed that the SLFs prepared from the red seaweed was highly efficient than the brown seaweed. Both the red SLFs significantly enhanced the growth performance, physiological and biochemical response of microalgae. In addition, SLFs had enhanced the EPA and palmitoleic acid concentration in N. oculata and D. salina respectively. SLFs 1 and 2 enhanced the EPA content of N. oculata by 19.85% and 6.35% whereas in D. salina the palmitoleic acid concentration was increased by 18.07% and 21.43% respectively. DHA was detected only in the microalgae cultured using SLFS but at trace levels of 0.01-0.02%. These study results suggest the potential application of seaweeds as cost effective culture media for microalga with an added advantage of enhancing its nutritional properties.
Impact of Prognostic Nutrition Index and Neutrophil/Lymphocyte Ratio on Outcomes in Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Tanrıverdi Zeynep , Mingsar Eren , Düztaş Dilan , Sevil Hatice , Çakırgöz Mensure , Tiryaki Enise Nur Özlem 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
This study aims to investigate the impact of the prognostic nutrition index and neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio on survival and neurological outcomes in acute ischemic stroke patients at risk of malnutrition who are monitored in Intensive Care Units.
Materials and Methods
This retrospective study analysed 215 patients with their first ischemic stroke admitted to the Neurology Intensive Care Unit. The prognostic nutritional index was derived from serum albumin and complete blood count within the first 24 hours using this formula:
PNI = (serum albumin level [g/dL] × 10) + (total lymphocyte count [mm³] × 0.005)
The prognostic nutritional index was categorised into two groups according to a cut-off value of 42.5 determined by ROC analysis.
Results
During the 60-day follow-up, multivariable logistic regression analysis of neurological prognosis identified the presence of coronary artery disease (Hazard Ratio [HR]: 3.9, p: 0.021), initial NIHSS score (HR: 1.16, p <0.001), and PNI (HR: 0.022, p <0.001) as independent predictors of neurological outcomes. Cox regression analysis for survival in all patients determined age (HR: 1.93, p = 0.009), initial NIHSS score (HR: 1.04, p = 0.008), BUN level (HR: 1.69, p = 0.012), and prognostic nutritional index (HR: 0.27, p = 0.007) as independent determinants of mortality.
Conclusion
Our findings suggest that simple, cost-effective, and readily applicable biomarkers such as the prognostic nutritional index and the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio should be considered practical tools in patient management and predicting neurological outcomes.
Nitric oxide-releasing nanoparticles protect human retinal pigment epithelium cells and mice retina from prolonged blue light exposure through antioxidant and vascular enhancement
Authors: Chiu Shih-Jiuan , Chou Hung-Chang , Hu Teh-Min , Chan Yen-Ju , Hsu Tai-Ju , Tsai Chi-Hao , Yang Tsung-Min , Kang Jaw-Jou , Hsiao George , Cheng Yu-Wen 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a short-lived free-radical molecule implicated in the pathophysiology of various eye diseases. The regulatory imbalance of NO, either its overproduction or under-production, is a key factor in oxidative stress-related ocular disorders. Given the increasing concern regarding blue-light-induced oxidative stress leading to retinopathy, we postulate that maintaining consistent NO levels through sustained release could be beneficial. To achieve this, we developed and synthesized nano-NO-releasing systems (NORS), with a hydrodynamic size of approximately 130 nm and a surface charge of -10 mV, respectively. Our findings reveal that blue-light irradiation can trigger NO release from NORS in a light-intensity-dependent manner. Furthermore, NORS can be internalized by retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells without exhibiting cytotoxic effects at concentrations up to 100 µM. In RPE cells damaged by blue light, NORS effectively counteracted the upregulation of several antioxidant responses at both the protein and gene levels. These include the Nrf-2/Keap-1 and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) protein and the glutathione S-transferase (GST) genes (a1-1, a1-2, a1-5). In the C57BL/6 mice model of blue-light-induced retinopathy, chronic low-intensity blue light exposure (300 Lux, 12 hours/day for 28 days) resulted in photoreceptor dysfunction, vascular leakage, and an increase in mean blood flow rate (MBFR), without affecting the thickness of the retina. However, treatment with NORS mitigated the detrimental effects of blue light on the retina, as evidenced by reduced fluorescence leakages and a reversal of the electroretinographic alterations induced by photoreceptor dysfunction. In conclusion, our data suggested that NORS can effectively enable prolonged NO delivery both in vitro and in vivo. This protective effect appears to be accomplished by restoring normal antioxidant responses and improving vascular homeostasis.
Southern Thailand's Seismicity and Crustal Deformation: Relations to Regional Neotectonics
Authors: Nazaruddin Dony Adryansyah , Md Muhammad Afiq 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Following the 2004 Sumatra-Andaman earthquake (M 9.1), local earthquake occurrences in Southern Thailand has been actively observed to gain insight into their spatial distribution and magnitude variation. This is particularly important in relation to two major fault zones that have been reactivated, the Khlong Marui and Ranong Fault Zones, which were previously thought to be dormant. As many as 221 local earthquakes that occurred between 2005 and 2020 were gathered for this study using the observations on local, national, and international networks. Using SEISAN software, digital seismograms of 174 local events captured by at least three local seismic stations were analyzed. The results of this study show that the local earthquake epicenters are scattered spatially in some onshore areas of Southern Thailand and offshore throughout the Andaman Sea and Gulf of Thailand. Majority of the local earthquakes occured within and adjacent areas of the two main fault zones, hence the main sources of local seismicity. Nearly all of the events at hypocenters, which have depths ranging from 1.0 km to 78.4 km, are classified as shallow earthquakes. In terms of magnitude, the range of moment magnitude values is -0.1 ≤ Mw ≤ 5.0. This study was complemented by GPS data to observe the crustal deformation in the region. This study also shows that Southern Thailand's seismicity and crustal deformation were significantly impacted by a number of significant regional earthquakes. This study might leads to a re-evaluation of the seismic hazards for Southern Thailand.
Effects of Vermiconversion on Coffee husk, Paper waste and Vegetable Waste Using Red Worm (Eisenia fetida) in Begi District, Ethiopia
Authors: Geleta Zelalem Telila , Daka Yohannes Shifera 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Vermicomposting is the bioconversion of organic waste into a bio-fertilizer due to earthworms’ activity and it is operated in mesophilic conditions. PH and moisture content levels shall be optimized. The vermicomposting process takes place in vermin-reactors. In the vermicomposting method microorganisms begin the process, but it is the red worm that plays the largest role in converting organic matter. In this study, vermicomposting process was conducted to evaluate performance of epigamic earth worm species of Eisenia fetida in 60 days to change on the three biodegradable wastes (Coffee husk, Paper waste and vegetable wastes) in Begi town. Two of the wastes (coffee husk and paper wastes) were mixed with cow dung 3:1 ratio and vegetable wastes without cow slurry treated with Eisenia fetida (tiger worm). Thirty (30) numbers of matured earth worms were inoculated on the three substrates and monitored for 60 days. Each waste was observed three times at intervals of 0 day, 30 day and 60 day. Characterization results showed that there is a change of pH, EC, OM, OC, TN, C:N, AP, EK, Ash from initial day to final day, 0 and 60 day (pH 7.51–7.03, EC 1.91mS/cm -1.24 mS/cm, OM 47.06–29.21%, OC 27.3-16.93%,TN 1.38–2.199%, C:N21.39-8.63,AP11.17-20.85ppm and EK 2.26-4.43mg/k ) were found. The finding from the study showed that, the vermicomposting produced have matured and have quality when compared with WHO and ISIRI standards. The obtained vermicompost had an excellent nutrient status confirmed by the chemical analyses and contained essential nutrients. Vermicomposting could good option to recover biodegradable wastes from the town and simultaneously produces organic fertilizer.
Ultrasound or C-arm? A comparative study of surgical intervention for adolescent metaphyseal-diaphysis junction fracture of the distal radius using external fixator
Authors: Liu Shuai , Zhou Yeming , Wang Shuo , rai Saroj , Hong Pan , Xin Tianyou 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Metaphyseal-diaphysis junction (MDJ) is defined as the distal third of the radius subtracted from the square over the radial physis. Because of its unique anatomy, unstable fracture in MDJ poses challenges for a successful conservative method. Multiple modes of surgeries have been reported for MDJ fracture of the distal radius in children after failed manual reduction and casting. This study is to investigate the clinical effects of closed reduction and external fixation for MDJ fractures in children using fluoroscopy versus ultrasound. Ninety-six patients were divided into the ultrasound (US) group and the C-arm (CA) group. According to our results, the surgical duration was significantly shorter in the US group (24.40 ± 6.12, min) compared with the CA group (32.11 ± 9.23, min), P < 0.001. Images taken during the surgery were significantly less in the US group (2.66 ± 1.19) than the CA group (9.52 ± 3.15), P < 0.001. As for the complications, residual angulation, and clinical function of forearms, there was no significant difference between the two groups.
Patient and public involvement and engagement (PPIE): how valuable and how hard? An evaluation of ALL_EARS@UoS PPIE group, 18 months on
Authors: Hough Kate , Grasmeder Mary , Parsons Heather , Jones William B , Smith Sarah , Satchwell Chris , Hobday Ian , Taylor Sarah , Newman Tracey 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
ALL_EARS@UoS is a PPIE group for people with lived experience of hearing loss that was initiated at the University of Southampton. The aims, objectives, and ethos of ALL_EARS@UoS were co-developed and agreed upon. The group has grown in size and reach.
A year after inception, we wanted to critically reflect on the value and challenges of the group. Four members of ALL_EARS@UoS were recruited to an evaluation steering group. This paper reports on the application of the NIHR National Standards for Patient and Public Involvement (PPI) to evaluate the impact, effectiveness, and engagement of the group.
Methods
An anonymous, mixed-methods questionnaire was co-designed and shared with members using an online platform. The questionnaire was designed to capture satisfaction, wider feedback through free-text answers and demographic information. Descriptive statistics have been used to express the satisfaction and demographic data. Reflexive thematic analysis has been used to analyse the free-text responses.
Results
The questionnaire response rate was 61% (11/18). Areas identified as strengths were ‘Communication’ and ‘Working together’. Five themes emerged from the thematic analysis; (1) Increased knowledge and awareness, (2) supporting research, (3) positive impact on the individual, (4) positive impact on others and (5) running of the group. The data highlighted the value and challenge of PPIE for our members and researchers. Members described feeling valued, listened to, and appreciation for being able to share experiences with other Deaf/deaf or hard of hearing people. Time of day and meeting format, affected accessibility of meetings, were identified as challenges. The ability to secure and maintain sufficient funding and time to support inclusive and diverse PPIE activities is a challenge for researchers.
Conclusions
We have produced a PPIE action plan and strategy for the next 18 months. We have identified how PPIE has added value to group members and researchers, emphasising the true benefit of PPIE. We have highlighted challenges we are facing and our plan to tackle these. We aim to continue to develop the value of the group and sustain a group that reflects the diversity of the Deaf/deaf or hard of hearing community and of our local community.
Multi-Object Tracking Using Kalman Filter and Historical Trajectory Correction for Surveillance Videos
Authors: Cai Xingquan , Wu Yijie , Liu Shike , Xie Hanna , Sun Haiyan 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

In view of the problem of accuracy degradation, target loss, and the inability to continue tracking after target reappearance caused by video blurring, occlusion leading to sudden disappearance of the target in the process of surveillance videos multi-object tracking, we propose a multi-object tracking using Kalman filter and historical trajectory correction for surveillance videos. Firstly, the dynamic decoupling head is constructed to replace the original detection head, the loss function is optimized to improve the YOLOv8 detection algorithm. Then, the improved Kalman filter is constructed and the historical trajectory correction module is constructed to track the target pedestrians. Finally, the multi-object tracking module is constructed by combining the improved Kalman filter and the historical trajectory correction module, and the multi-object tracking module is outputted from the surveillance videos. The experiments on MOT17 and MOT20 show that evaluation metrics such as MOTA, IDF1, HOTA, etc. obtained by our method are the superior performance.
Application of the PANELVIEW instrument to evaluate the guideline development process of the German polytrauma guideline
Authors: Goossen Käthe , Bieler Dan , Weise Alina , Nothacker Monika , Flohé Sascha , Pieper Dawid 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
PANELVIEW is an instrument for evaluating the appropriateness of the process, methods, and outcome of guideline development and the satisfaction of the guideline group with these steps.
Objective
To evaluate the guideline development process of the German guideline on the treatment of patients with severe/multiple injuries (‘German polytrauma guideline’) from the perspective of the guideline group, and to identify areas where this process may be improved in the future.
Methods
We administered PANELVIEW to the participants of the 2022 update of the German polytrauma guideline. All guideline group members, including delegates of participating medical societies, steering group members, authors of guideline chapters, the chair and methodological lead, were invited to participate. Responses were analysed using descriptive statistics. Comments received were categorised by domains/items of the tool.
Results
After the first, second, and last consensus conference, the guideline group was invited via email to participate in a web-based survey. Response rates were 36% (n/N = 13/36), 40% (12/30), and 37% (20/54), respectively. The mean scores for items ranged between 5.1 and 6.9 on a scale from 1 (fully disagree) to 7 (fully agree). Items with mean scores below 6.0 were related to (1) administration, (2) consideration of patients’ views, perspectives, values and preferences, and (3) the discussion of research gaps and needs for future research.
Conclusion
The PANELVIEW tool showed that the guideline group was satisfied with most aspects of the guideline development process. Areas for improvement of the process were identified. Strategies to improve response rates should be explored.
Integrated PBPK-EO Modeling of Osimertinib: Predicting Pharmacokinetics, Intracranial EGFR Engagement, and Optimal Dosing Strategies in Clinical Settings
Authors: Liang Feng , Zhang Yimei , Xue Qian , Zhang Xiaoling 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model combined with an EGFR occupancy (EO) model for osimertinib (OSI) to predict plasma trough concentration (Ctrough) and the intracranial time-course of EGFR (T790M and L858R mutants) engagement in patient populations. The PBPK model was also used to investigate the key factors affecting OSI pharmacokinetics (PK) and intracranial EGFR engagement, analyze resistance to the target mutation C797S, and determine optimal dosing regimens when used alone and in drug-drug interactions (DDIs). Methods A population PBPK-EO model of OSI was developed using physicochemical, biochemical, binding kinetic, and physiological properties, and then validated using eight clinical PK studies, two observed EO studies, and two clinical DDI studies. Results The PBPK-EO model demonstrated good consistency with observed data, with most prediction-to-observation ratios falling within the range of 0.7 to 1.3 for plasma AUC, Cmax, Ctroughand intracranial free concentration. The simulated time-course of C797S occupancy by the PBPK model was much lower than T790M and L858R occupancy, providing an explanation for OSI on-target resistance to the C797S mutation. The PBPK model identified ABCB1 CLint,u, albumin level, and EGFR expression as key factors affecting plasma Ctroughand intracranial EO for OSI. Additionally, PBPK-EO simulations indicated that the optimal dosing regimen for OSI in patients with brain metastases is either 80 mg once daily (OD) or 160 mg OD, or 40 mg or 80 mg twice daily (BID). When used concomitantly with CYP enzyme perpetrators, the PBPK-EO model suggested appropriate dosing regimens of 80 mg OD with fluvoxamine (FLUV), a reduction to 40 mg OD with itraconazole (ITR) or fluvoxamine (FLUC), and an increase to 160 mg OD with rifampicin (RIF) or efavirenz (EFA). Conclusion In conclusion, the PBPK-EO model has been shown to be capable of simulating the pharmacokinetic concentration-time profiles and the time-course of EGFR engagement for OSI, as well as determining the optimum dosing in various clinical situations.
The Spatiotemporal Evolution Mechanism of the Institutional Eldercare in the Yangtze River Delta Urban Agglomeration
Authors: Zhou Rong , Cui Jinghang 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background The objective of this study is to examine the spatiotemporal evolution mechanism of the institutional eldercare in the Yangtze River Delta Urban Agglomeration (IE-YRDUA). It aims to analyze the developmental patterns and spatial correlations of these institutions over a twenty-year period, in order to shed light on the increasing demand for eldercare services in this economically significant region.Methods This study utilizes spatial analysis and factor detection methods within an economic geography framework to analyze data from 2001 to 2020. The focus of the analysis is on understanding spatial correlations and identifying factors that influence the evolution of eldercare services.Results The findings indicate a significant growth and distribution of eldercare institutions, with notable spatial correlations suggesting a trend towards regional agglomeration. The study also reveals imbalances in the spatial development of eldercare, with a concentration of facilities in central urban areas and a decline on the periphery. Additionally, factors such as economic level and capacity to consume have a significant impact on the spatial evolution of eldercare services.Conclusions This research emphasizes the dynamic nature of institutional eldercare in the Yangtze River Delta, highlighting the necessity for strategic planning and resource allocation to address spatial imbalances in eldercare provision. The insights gained from this study are crucial for policymakers and stakeholders in optimizing eldercare infrastructure and meeting the growing demands of the population.