bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhanced precipitation has driven the evolution of subtropical evergreen broad‐leaved forests in eastern China since the early Miocene: Evidence from ring‐cupped oaks
Authors: Jin Dong‐Mei , Yuan Quan , Dai Xi‐Ling , Kozlowski Gregor , Song Yi‐Gang 
Published: October 2023

AbstractSubtropical evergreen broad‐leaved forest (EBLF) is the predominant vegetation type in eastern China. However, the majority of the region it covers in eastern China was an arid area during the Paleogene. The temporal history and essential factors involved in the evolution of subtropical EBLFs in eastern China remain enigmatic. Here we report on the niche evolution of Quercus section Cyclobalanopsis, which appeared in south China and Japan during the Eocene and became a dominant component of subtropical EBLFs since the Miocene in eastern Asia, using integrative analysis of occurrences, climate data and a dated phylogeny of 35 species in Cyclobalanopsis. Species within clades Cyclobalanoides, Lamellosa, and Helferiana mainly exist in the Himalaya–Hengduan region, adapting to a plateau climate, while species within the other clades mainly live in eastern China under the control of the East Asian monsoon. Reconstructed history showed that significant divergence of climatic tolerance in Cyclobalanopsis began around 19 million years ago (Ma) in the early Miocene. Simultaneously, disparities in precipitation of wettest/warmest quarter and annual precipitation were markedly enhanced in Cyclobalanopsis, especially in the recent eastern clades. During the Miocene, the marked radiation of Cyclobalanopsis and many other dominant taxa of subtropical EBLFs strongly suggest the rapid formation and expansion of subtropical EBLFs in eastern China. Our research highlights that the intensification of the East Asian monsoon and subsequent occupation of new niches by the ancient clades already present in the south may have jointly promoted the formation of subtropical EBLFs in eastern China since the early Miocene.
Large‐scale real‐world data analysis of source plasma collections using a novel technology‐enabled nomogram
Authors: Hellman Eva , Manukyan Zorayr , Mkhitaryan Karen , Heidarsdottir Karen , Ragusa Michael J. , Hartmann Jan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundSource plasma collections are needed to satisfy the growing demand for plasma‐derived medicinal products. The US plasma collection target volume has been guided by a standard weight‐based FDA‐issued nomogram (STAN) since 1992. In this research, large‐scale US‐based real‐world data (RWD) were analyzed to confirm the safety and volume gains of a newly introduced personalized nomogram (PERS) that was previously studied in a premarket randomized controlled environment.Study Design and MethodsA non‐inferiority (NI) analysis was conducted to compare the novel nomogram's significant hypotensive adverse event (AE) incidence rate with large historical standard nomogram AE datasets. Additionally, the average target volumes and donor return rates were compared for collections following PERS and STAN.ResultsA total of 4,816,784 donations (PERS) by 414,957 donors resulted in a rate of 0.0998% (95% CI [0.0970, 0.1027]) significant hypotensive AEs. NI analysis suggested strong non‐inferiority of the new technology (Δ = −0.0082%, 95% CI [−0.0113, −0.0050], prespecified NI margin = 0.1080). Average plasma collection target volumes increased by 66.39 mL (8.49%; p < .0001). Consecutive weekly donor return rates were consistent between the two nomograms (PERS: 73.6%, 95% CI [69.6%–76.7%]; STAN: 74.1%, 95% CI [66.1%–77.2%]).DiscussionThis analysis confirms in a large‐scale real‐world dataset the key safety parameter and collection benefit of a novel, technology‐enabled nomogram. The nomogram may help meet the growing demand for plasma‐derived therapies by providing approximately 8.5% more plasma per donation on average while maintaining donor safety and return rates.
In Silico Study of the 5-Hydroxytryptamine-2C Receptor Antagonist Activity of Anthocyanins as Antidepressant Therapy
Authors: Kurnianingsih Nia , Harbiyanti Novita Titis , Prakosa Ardani Galih , Ratnawati Retty 
Published: October 2023

This study aimed to evaluate the drug-likeness, pharmacokinetic and safety prediction of six types of anthocyanins (ANC) as well as virtual molecular interaction between ANC and 5-hydroxytryptamine-2C (5HT-2C) receptor for antagonist target of antidepressant drug development. The Lipinski rule of five was used to predict the oral drug-likeness of ANC. The pharmacokinetic and safety prediction was analyzed with a free accessible web server. The ligands of ANC were retrieved from PubChem National Centre for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) database. The protein of the 5HT-2C receptor was obtained from Protein Data Bank. Molecular docking was performed by PyRx software and visualized using Discovery Studio Software. The results showed ANC is proposed as an oral drug candidate. The pharmacokinetic prediction of ANC was demonstrated to have high absorption in the intestinal route, solubility in the aqueous phase, capability to evade hepatic first-pass metabolism and high total clearance from the kidney. Virtual toxicity prediction showed a higher threshold of chronic lethal dose than control with no toxicity on the salmonella typhimurium reverses mutation assay (AMES) test, liver, and skin. Molecular prediction found ANC type of delphinidin has the most similar interaction site with the control antagonist ligand on the 5HT-2C receptor which is facilitated with hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic bonds at amino residues of Trp324, Phe328, Ala222 and Val135. We concluded ANC particularly delphinidin is proposed as an oral drug candidate potentially used as a 5HT-2C receptor antagonist and thus, further in vitro and in vivo studies are necessary to confirm the effect on antidepressant activity.
ABHY Associahedra and Newton polytopes of F$F$‐polynomials for cluster algebras of simply laced finite type
Authors: Bazier‐Matte Véronique , Chapelier‐Laget Nathan , Douville Guillaume , Mousavand Kaveh , Thomas Hugh , Yildirim Emine 
Published: October 2023

AbstractA new construction of the associahedron was recently given by Arkani‐Hamed, Bai, He, and Yan in connection with the physics of scattering amplitudes. We show that their construction (suitably understood) can be applied to construct generalized associahedra of any simply laced Dynkin type. Unexpectedly, we also show that this same construction produces Newton polytopes for all the ‐polynomials of the corresponding cluster algebras. In addition, we show that the toric variety associated to the ‐vector fan has the property that its nef cone is simplicial.
In vitro
comparison of methods for sampling copper-based antimicrobial surfaces
Authors: Williams T. C. , Woznow T. , Velapatino B. , Asselin E. , Nakhaie D. , Bryce E. A. , Charles M. 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT

For more than a decade, copper (Cu) and Cu alloy surfaces have been approved and registered as solid antimicrobials to reduce the environmental bioburden of potential pathogens. Bacterial collection and enumeration are important steps in assessing antimicrobial efficacy of these surfaces, yet comparisons of the different collection methods from Cu surfaces are scarce in the literature. This study compared Petrifilm (PF) aerobic count plates applied directly onto Cu surfaces and two indirect (cellulose sponges and Quick Swab) collection methods to evaluate bacterial recovery of
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
and
Staphylococcus aureus
from three different formulations of Cu surfaces. ATP bioluminescence (ATPB) and live-dead flow cytometry staining were performed in tandem to corroborate bacterial recovery and antimicrobial findings. While all three collection methods were able to recover bacteria, direct PF contact with Cu surface consistently exhibited 2–3 Log higher colony-forming units (CFU)/20-cm
2
counts. No significant difference in bacterial counts was found when sponges or swabs were applied to Cu surfaces and inoculated onto 5% sheep blood agar plates (BAP). No difference was observed between PF and BAP counts when PF was used for recovery after indirect sample collection using Quick Swab. Comparison of microbial counts with live-dead staining and ATPB results suggests that the PF
direct
collection method revived stressed and dying bacteria. This phenomenon was not observed with the
indirect
PF method. Direct sampling of Cu surfaces using PF confers a survival advantage to bacteria stressed by Cu and may induce higher bacterial counts.

IMPORTANCE
Self-sanitizing surfaces such as copper (Cu) are increasingly used on high-touch surfaces to prevent the spread of harmful viruses and bacteria. Being able to monitor the antimicrobial properties of Cu is fundamental in measuring its antimicrobial efficacy. Thorough investigations into reliable methods to enumerate bacteria from self-sanitizing surfaces are lacking in the literature. This study demonstrates that direct use of Petrifilm on Cu surfaces most likely revives stressed and dying bacteria, which induces increased bacterial counts. This phenomenon was not observed with indirect collection methods. Studies assessing time-kill kinetics or long-term efficacy of Cu should consider the impact of the collection method chosen.
Production of massive $$W^{\pm }$$ bosons and fermion–antifermion pairs from vacuum in the de Sitter Universe
Authors: Crucean Cosmin , Fodor Amalia Dariana 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn this paper we study the charged electro-weak interactions in the de Sitter geometry. We develop the reduction formalism for the Proca field with the help of the solutions for the interacting fields. Perturbation theory is used for obtaining the definition of the transition amplitudes in the first order. We apply our formalism to the study of spontaneous vacuum emission of fermions, anti-fermions and $$W^{\pm }$$

W
±

bosons in the expanding de Sitter universe. Our results are generalizations of the Weinberg–Salam electro-weak theory to curved space-time, in the case of $$W^{\pm }$$

W
±

boson interaction with leptons. The probability and transition amplitude are found to be a quantities which depend on the Hubble parameter. Our analytical and graphical results prove that such perturbative processes are possible only for the large expansion conditions of the early Universe. The total probability and rate of transition are obtained for the case of large expansion and we use dimensional regularization for the momenta integrals. In the end we recover the Minkowski limit, where our probabilities vanish, thus confirming the well known fact that spontaneous vacuum emission of $$W^{\pm }$$

W
±

bosons and fermions is forbidden in flat space-time due to energy–momentum conservation.
The gamma/hadron discriminator LCm in realistic air shower array experiments
Authors: Conceição R. , Costa P. J. , Gibilisco L. , Pimenta M. , Tomé B. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn this article, it is shown that the $$C_k$$

C
k

and LCm variables, recently introduced as an effective way to discriminate gamma and proton-induced showers in large wide-field gamma-ray observatories, can be generalised to be used in arrays of different detectors and variable fill factors. In particular, the $$C_k$$

C
k

profile discrimination capabilities are evaluated for scintillator and water Cherenkov detector arrays.
Application of the most frequent value method for $$^{39}$$Ar half-life determination
Authors: Golovko Victor V. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAn evaluation method supported by robust statistical analysis was applied to historical measurements of $$^{39}$$

39

Ar half-life. The method, based on the most frequent value (MFV) approach combined with bootstrap analysis, provides a more robust way to estimate $$^{39}$$

39

Ar half-life, and results in $$T_{1/2}($$

T

1
/
2

(

MFV$$) = 268.2^{+3.1}_{-2.9}$$

)
=
268
.

2

-
2.9

+
3.1

years with uncertainty corresponding to the 68% confidence level. The uncertainty is a factor of 3 smaller than that of the most precise re-calculated $$^{39}$$

39

Ar half-life measurements by Stoenner et al. and a factor of 2.7 smaller than that of the adopted half-life value in nuclear data sheets. Recently, the specific activity of the beta decay of $$^{39}$$

39

Ar in atmospheric argon was measured in several underground facilities. Applying the MFV method to a specific activity of $$^{39}$$

39

Ar from underground measurements results in $$ SA_{{^{39}\text {Ar}}/\text {Ar}}(\text {MFV}) = 0.966^{+0.010}_{-0.018} \, \, \text {Bq/kg}_{\text {atmAr}}$$

S

A

39

Ar

/
Ar

(
MFV
)

=
0
.

966

-
0.018

+
0.010

Bq/kg
atmAr

with uncertainty corresponding to the 68% confidence level. In this paper the method to determine the half-life of $$^{39}$$

39

Ar using the specific activity of $$^{39}$$

39

Ar in atmospheric argon is also discussed.
Improving quantum annealing by engineering the coupling to the environment
Authors: S. Najafabadi Mojdeh , Schumayer Daniel , Lee Chee-Kong , Jaksch Dieter , Hutchinson David A. W. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractA large class of optimisation problems can be mapped to the Ising model where all details are encoded in the coupling of spins. The task of the original mathematical optimisation is then equivalent to finding the ground state of the corresponding spin system which can be achieved via quantum annealing relying on the adiabatic theorem. Some of the inherent disadvantages of this procedure can be alleviated or resolved using a stochastic approach, and by coupling to the external environment. We show that careful engineering of the system-bath coupling at an individual spin level can further improve annealing.
Bookkeeping in the Arthaśāstra
Authors: Wiese Harald 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This paper focuses on the Arthaśāstra’s portion II.6.1-II.7.3. The official with the title samāhartṛ is responsible not only for bookkeeping, but also for inflow organization, coin in- and outflow management, supervision, and controlling. Many of the bookkeeping terms remain elusive, but some progress can be made with respect to umbrella terms, such as āyamukha, samudaya, and siddha. Among other assertions, this paper claims that karaṇīya in II.6.14 refers to the samāhartṛ’s duties, while it is best translated as “target” in II.7.3.
Is Female Genital Circumcision a Driver of Income Inequality in Sub-Saharan Africa? Evidence from Nigeria
Authors: Ajide Kazeem B. , Elu Juliet U. , Price Gregory N. 
Published: October 2023

This study considers the effects of female genital circumcision (FGC) on household income inequality in Nigeria. To the extent that FGC has adverse health consequences, it can lower female labour productivity and earnings relative to males. Theoretically, we motivate our inquiry within a simple game-theoretic household norm bargaining framework in which there are several possible equilibria based on the decisions of representative males to require FGC, and representative females accepting, or not. We link regional data on Nigeria from the Afrobarometer survey to existing regional FGC surveillance data in Nigeria to estimate with Ordinal Logit specifications, the effect of regional FGC rates on a household’s position in the income distribution. Our parameter estimates reveal that as the ratio of daughter to mother genital circumcision increases in a region, the odds of a household being in the lower income decile increases. The FGC effects are consistent with a political economy of gender bargaining about FGC choices in which males have more bargaining power in governing/managing the household relative to females. Our results suggest that any policy intervention that eradicates FGC, including interventions that affect a political economy of bargaining that at least equalises bargaining power between males and females, could reduce household income inequality in Sub-Saharan Africa. JEL: I14, I18, J16, O5, Z13
Multi-centric study for development and validation of a CT head rule for mild traumatic brain injury in direct oral anticoagulants: the HERO-M nomogram
Authors: Park Naria , Barbieri Greta , Turcato Gianni , Cipriano Alessandro , Zaboli Arian , Giampaoli Sara , Bonora Antonio , Ricci Giorgio , Santini Massimo , Ghiadoni Lorenzo 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Nomograms are easy-to-handle clinical tools which can help in estimating the risk of adverse outcome in certain population. This multi-center study aims to create and validate a simple and usable clinical prediction nomogram for individual risk of post-traumatic Intracranial Hemorrhage (ICH) after Mild Traumatic Brain Injury (MTBI) in patients treated with Direct Oral Anticoagulants (DOACs).

Methods
From January 1, 2016 to December 31, 2019, all patients on DOACs evaluated for an MTBI in five Italian Emergency Departments were enrolled. A training set to develop the nomogram and a test set for validation were identified. The predictive ability of the nomogram was assessed using AUROC, calibration plot, and decision curve analysis.

Results
Of the 1425 patients in DOACs in the study cohort, 934 (65.5%) were included in the training set and 491 (34.5%) in the test set. Overall, the rate of post-traumatic ICH was 6.9% (7.0% training and 6.9% test set). In a multivariate analysis, major trauma dynamic (OR: 2.73, p = 0.016), post-traumatic loss of consciousness (OR: 3.78, p = 0.001), post-traumatic amnesia (OR: 4.15, p < 0.001), GCS < 15 (OR: 3.00, p < 0.001), visible trauma above the clavicles (OR: 3. 44, p < 0.001), a post-traumatic headache (OR: 2.71, p = 0.032), a previous history of neurosurgery (OR: 7.40, p < 0.001), and post-traumatic vomiting (OR: 3.94, p = 0.008) were independent risk factors for ICH. The nomogram demonstrated a good ability to predict the risk of ICH (AUROC: 0.803; CI95% 0.721–0.884), and its clinical application showed a net clinical benefit always superior to performing CT on all patients.

Conclusion
The Hemorrhage Estimate Risk in Oral anticoagulation for Mild head trauma (HERO-M) nomogram was able to predict post-traumatic ICH and can be easily applied in the Emergency Department (ED).
Semi-rational engineering an aldo–keto reductase for stereocomplementary reduction of α-keto amide compounds
Authors: Bai Ruixuan , Chen Baoling , Zheng Liangyu 
Published: October 2023

AbstractEnantio-pure α-hydroxy amides are valuable intermediates for the synthesis of chiral pharmaceuticals. The asymmetric reduction of α-keto amides to generate chiral α-hydroxy amides is a difficult and challenging task in biocatalysis. In this study, iolS, an aldo–keto reductase from Bacillus subtilis 168 was exhibited as a potential biocatalyst, which could catalyze the reduction of diaryl α-keto amide such as 2-oxo-N, 2-diphenyl-acetamide (ONDPA) with moderate S-selectivity (76.1%, ee) and 60.5% conversion. Through semi-rational engineering, two stereocomplementary variants (I57F/F126L and N21A/F126A) were obtained with ee value of 97.6% (S) and 99.9% (R) toward ONDPA (1a), respectively, delivering chiral α-hydroxy amide with > 98% conversions. Moreover, the excellent S- and R-preference variants displayed improved stereoselectivities toward the other α-keto amide compounds. Molecular dynamic and docking analysis revealed that the two key residues at 21 and 126 were identified as the “switch”, which specifically controlled the stereopreference of iolS by regulating the shape of substrate binding pocket as well as the substrate orientation. Our results offer an effective strategy to obtain α-hydroxy amides with high optical purity and provide structural insights into altering the stereoselectivity of AKRs.
Graphical Abstract
A qualitative assessment of key considerations for drug checking service implementation
Authors: Grace Rose Chloe , Pickard A. Simon , Kulbokas Victoria , Hoferka Stacey , Friedman Kaitlyn , Epstein Jennifer , Lee Todd A. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
With many drug-related deaths driven by potent synthetic opioids tainting the illicit drug supply, drug checking services are becoming a key harm reduction strategy. Many drug checking technologies are available, ranging from fentanyl test strips to mass spectrometry. This study aimed to identify key considerations when implementing drug checking technologies and services to support harm reduction initiatives.

Methods
Key informant interviews were conducted with harm reduction stakeholders throughout Illinois. Participants included members of existing drug checking services and recovery centers. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, and coded by two researchers using the framework method. Findings were contextualized according to micro (client)-, meso (organization)-, and macro (policy)-level themes.

Results
Seven interviews were conducted with ten participants. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was consistently identified as a technology of choice given its accuracy, range of substance detection, portability, and usability. Recommendations included the use of confirmatory testing, which can help address the limitations of technologies and provide a mechanism to train technicians. Locations of drug checking services should maximize public health outreach and leverage existing harm reduction agencies and staff with lived experience, who are critical to developing trust and rapport with clients. Criminalization and loss of privacy were major concerns for clients using drug checking services. Additional issues included the need to raise awareness of the legitimacy of services through public support from governing bodies, and funding to ensure the sustainability of drug checking services.

Conclusions
This research facilitated the identification of issues and recommendations from stakeholders around key considerations for the adoption of drug checking technologies, which not only included the cost and technical specifications of instrumentation, but also broader issues such as accessibility, privacy, and well-trained personnel trusted by clients of the service. Successful implementation of drug checking services requires knowledge of local needs and capacity and an in-depth understanding of the target population.