bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Performance of the Neonatal Pig Heart Subjected to Oxygen Insufficiency
Authors: Uy Rowena , Tede Nikola , Ross-Ascuitto Nancy , Ascuitto Robert 
Published: December 2003

Isolated, paced, isovolumically beating, neonatal pig (n = 32) hearts underwent retrograde aortic perfusion with a solution containing insulin (100 µU/ml), glucose (5.5 m<i>M</i>), and palmitate (0.55 m<i>M</i>). Glycolysis, lactate release, glucose oxidation, palmitate oxidation, and oxygen consumption were assessed. The hearts were perfused during three periods: (1) baseline, pO<sub>2</sub> &#8776; 500 mm Hg, heart rate 150 bpm; (2) hypoxia, pO<sub>2</sub> &#8776; 60–80 mm Hg, heart rate 150 bpm, or tachycardia, pO<sub>2</sub> &#8776; 500 mm Hg, heart rate 300 bpm, and (3) recovery, return to baseline conditions. For hypoxia and tachycardia, the oxygen supply-demand ratio was comparable (&#8776;1 nmol O<sub>2</sub>/mm Hg/g<sub>dry</sub>). During baseline, the left ventricular peak systolic pressure (PSP) averaged 126 ± 6 mm Hg, the end-diastolic pressure (EDP) 5 mm Hg, and the relaxation time constant (Tau) 34 ± 2 ms; the coronary flow was 36 ± 2 ml/min/g<sub>dry</sub>. During hypoxia, the PSP decreased to 70 ± 2 mm Hg, while EDP, Tau, and coronary flow increased to 26 ± 2 mm Hg, 104 ± 14 ms, and 70 ± 2 ml/min/g<sub>dry</sub>, respectively; palmitate oxidation and oxygen consumption decreased well below baseline. During tachycardia, the PSP decreased to 88 ± 1 mm Hg, and the EDP increased to 11 ± 1 mm Hg, while Tau and coronary flow did not change significantly; palmitate oxidation and oxygen consumption increased above baseline. For both stressors, the predicted lactate release underestimated the measured values by a factor of &#8776;2, but were comparable during baseline and recovery. Upon recovery, PSP returned to &#8776;80% of baseline, while EDP remained elevated, for both stressors. Glucose oxidation returned to baseline, but palmitate oxidation became accelerated. We conclude for neonatal pig hearts subjected to oxygen insufficiency: (1) that PSP decreases and (2) that EDP and Tau increase with hypoxia, whereas EDP increases, while Tau remains unchanged with tachycardia. Following both stressors, palmitate oxidation becomes enhanced and dissociated from mechanical activity.
Observational Study on the Efficacy of Tibolone in Counteracting Early Carotid Atherosclerotic Lesions in Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Anedda Francesca Maria , Velati Andrea , Lello Stefano , Orrù Marisa , Paoletti Anna Maria , Melis Gian Benedetto , Binaghi Ferdinando 
Published: December 2003

<i>Objective:</i> To study whether tibolone affects lipid profile and diffused intima media thickness (IMT) of the common carotid arteries (CCA) in postmenopausal women (PMW). <i>Methods:</i> Twenty-two PMW and 20 premenopausal women participated in the study. The PMW were randomly divided into 11 women who did not receive any treatment and 11 women who received tibolone (2.5 mg once a day). <i>Results:</i> After 6 months the treated women had lipoprotein(a) (Lpa), total-cholesterol (total-C), and LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) levels lower than before, while in the non-treated women Lpa was increased. The IMT of CCA was unmodified in the treated women, whereas it increased in non-treated women. <i>Conclusions:</i> This preliminary study suggests that a 6-month tibolone treatment could counteract the increase of the IMT of CCA observed in untreated PMW.
FLT3 mutations in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Armstrong Scott A. , Mabon Meghann E. , Silverman Lewis B. , Li Aihong , Gribben John G. , Fox Edward A. , Sallan Stephen E. , Korsmeyer Stanley J. 
Published: December 2003

Abstract
Activating mutations of the FLT3 receptor tyrosine kinase are common in acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) but are rare in adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). We have recently shown that FLT3 is highly expressed and often mutated in ALLs with rearrangement of the mixed lineage leukemia (MLL) gene on chromosome 11q23. Because hyperdiploid ALL samples also show high-level expression of FLT3, we searched for the presence of FLT3 mutations in leukemic blasts from 71 patients with ALL. The data show that approximately 25% (6 of 25) of hyperdiploid ALL samples possess FLT3 mutations, whereas only 1 of 29 TEL/AML1-rearranged samples harbored mutations (P = .04, Fisher exact test). Three mutations are novel in-frame deletions within a 7-amino acid region of the receptor juxtamembrane domain. Finally, 3 samples from patients whose disease would relapse harbored FLT3 mutations. These data suggest that patients with hyperdiploid or relapsed ALL might be considered candidates for therapy with newly described small-molecule FLT3 inhibitors. (Blood. 2004;103: 3544-3546)
The bortezomib/proteasome inhibitor PS-341 and triterpenoid CDDO-Im induce synergistic anti–multiple myeloma (MM) activity and overcome bortezomib resistance
Authors: Chauhan Dharminder , Li Guilan , Podar Klaus , Hideshima Teru , Shringarpure Reshma , Catley Laurence , Mitsiades Constantine , Munshi Nikhil , Tai Yu Tzu , Suh Nanjoo , Gribble Gordon W. , Honda Tadashi , Schlossman Robert , Richardson Paul , Sporn Michael B. , Anderson Kenneth C. 
Published: December 2003

Abstract
The synthetic triterpenoid 2-cyano-3, 12-dioxooleana-1, 9-dien-28-oic acid (CDDO) induces apoptosis in leukemic cells. Here we show that CDDO and its new derivative CDDO-imidazolide (CDDO-Im) trigger apoptosis in multiple myeloma (MM) cells resistant to conventional therapies including melphalan (LR-5), doxorubicin (Dox-40), and dexamethasone (MM.1R, U266, RPMI 8226) without affecting the viability of normal cells. CDDO-IM also triggers apoptosis in bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) and decreases interleukin-6 (IL-6) secretion induced by MM cell adhesion to BMSCs. Moreover, CDDO-Im–induced apoptosis in MM cells is not blocked by IL-6 or insulin growth factor-1 (IGF-1). Importantly, CDDO-Im and bortezomib/proteasome inhibitor PS-341 trigger synergistic apoptosis in MM cells associated with loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, superoxide generation, release of mitochondrial proteinscytochrome c/second mitochondria-derived activator of caspases (cyctochrome c/Smac), and activation of caspase-8, -9, and -3. Conversely, the pancaspase inhibitor Z-VAD-fmk abrogates the CDDO-Im + bortezomib–induced apoptosis. Low doses of CDDO-Im and bortezomib overcome the cytoprotective effects of antiapoptotic proteins Bcl2 and heat shock protein-27 (Hsp27) as well as nuclear factor–kappa B (NF-κB)–mediated growth/survival and drug resistance. Finally, combining CDDO-Im and bortezomib induces apoptosis even in bortezomib-resistant MM patient cells. Together, these findings provide the framework for clinical evaluation of CDDO-Im, either alone or in combination with bortezomib, to overcome drug resistance and improve patient outcome in MM. (Blood. 2004;103: 3158-3166)
Reheating process for thixoforging of metal matrix composites fabricated by induction heating and the mechanical stirring process
Authors: Jeon Y P , Kang C G 
Published: December 2003

The forming process of metal matrix composites by the die casting and squeeze casting process is limited in size and dimension in terms of final parts. The melt stirring method has problems owing to the fact that the homogeneous distribution of the reinforcements is difficult due to low weldability and the density difference between the molten metal and the reinforcement. The thixoforming process for metal matrix composites has numerous advantages compared to die casting, squeeze casting and compocasting. However, for the thixoforming process, the billet with the desired volume fraction must be heated to obtain a uniform temperature distribution over the entire cross-sectional area. To obtain the reheating conditions of composites, the particulate reinforced metal matrix composites for thixoforming were fabricated by a combined stirring process with simultaneous electromagnetic and mechanical stirring. The matrix alloy and reinforcement were aluminium alloy (A357) and SiC particle with diameters of 14 and 25 üm respectively. The microstructure characteristics were investigated by changing the volume fraction and reinforcement size. The reheating conditions used to obtain the uniform temperature distribution over the cross-sectional area of the fabricated metal matrix composites billet were suggested with variations in the heating time, the heating temperature and the holding time.
From How to Why. Graph-Theoretical Verification of Quantum-Mechanical Aspects of π-Electron Behaviors in Conjugated Systems
Authors: Hosoya Haruo 
Published: December 2003

Abstract
A number of empirically known rules of the π-electronic stability of conjugated hydrocarbon molecules caused by their topological structure were analyzed for the first time systematically with the graph-theoretical molecular orbital theory developed by the author’s group. The main tool in this analysis is the topological index (or Z index) proposed by the present author for characterizing the topological nature of the structural formula of a hydrocarbon molecule, coupled with the perturbation theory of the Hückel molecular orbital method proposed by Coulson and Longuet-Higgins. A mathematical foundation was given to the global quantum-mechanical aspects of π-electron behaviors in conjugated systems and also to the diagrammatic recipe of the classical organic electron theory proposed by Robinson and Ingold. Through this analysis the specific “How” obtained by quantum chemical calculations is now explained by mathematically reasonable “Why”.
Recent Progress in the Chemistry of Rare Earth Metal Alkyl and Hydrido Complexes Bearing Mono(cyclopentadienyl) Ligands
Authors: Hou Zhaomin 
Published: December 2003

Abstract
The acid–base reactions between rare earth tris(alkyl) complexes and silylene-linked cyclopentadiene–amines and –phosphines afford straightforwardly the corresponding cyclopentadienyl–amido and –phosphido rare earth alkyl complexes, respectively. This method can also be utilized for the synthesis of rare earth bis(alkyl) complexes bearing mono(cyclopentadienyl) ligands such as C5Me4SiMe3. The reaction of the alkyl complexes with H2 or PhSiH3 readily gives the corresponding hydrido complexes; in the case of the bis(alkyl) complexes bearing the C5Me4SiMe3 ligand, a novel type of rare earth polyhydrido cluster has been isolated and structurally characterized. The silylene-linked cyclopentadienyl–arylamido and –phosphido rare earth alkyl complexes act as excellent catalyst precursors for the dimerization of terminal alkynes and hydrosilylation of olefins, respectively. The rare earth polyhydrido clusters exhibit unique reactivities toward unsaturated organic substrates such as lactones, nitriles, and olefins.
p-tert-Butylthiacalix[6]arene as a Clustering Ligand. Syntheses and Structures of CoII5, NiII4, and Mixed-Metal MIINiII4 (M = Mn, Co, and Cu) Cluster Complexes, and a Novel Metal-Induced Cluster Core Rearrangement
Authors: Kajiwara Takashi , Shinagawa Reiko , Ito Tasuku , Kon Noriyoshi , Iki Nobuhiko , Miyano Sotaro 
Published: December 2003

Abstract
Using p-tert-butylthiacalix[6]arene (H6L) as a clustering ligand, five cluster complexes having CoII5 (2), NiII4 (3) and MIINiII4 (M = CoII (4), MnII (5), and CuII (6)) cores were synthesized. In all the complexes except for 3, a pinched conic L6− acts as a pentanucleating ligand that involves a similar pyramidally arranged cluster core. Each mixed metal complex 4–6 involves four tetragonally arranged NiII ions occupying the basal plane of the pyramid and a MII ion placed at the apex position. In 3, H2L4− is in a cone conformation and the four NiII ions are arranged on the donor surface of H2L4− in a zigzag manner. The mixed metal complexes 4–6 are synthesized by reacting 3 and the appropriate M(AcO)2 in a 1:1 ratio with a novel metal-induced core rearrangement occurring. In this reaction, the insertion of a MII ion at the apex position forces the calixarene to take a cone conformation and the NiII4 array rearranges to form a tetragonal cluster.
Merocyanine Dye-Sensitization of Polythiophene in a Conjugated Polymer/TiO2 p–n Hetero-Junction Solar Cell
Authors: Imoto Kiyoaki , Takahashi Kohshin , Yamaguchi Takahiro , Komura Teruhisa , Nakamura Jun-ichi , Murata Kazuhiko 
Published: December 2003

Abstract
In the blended solid of merocyanine (MC) and polythiophene (PTh)/TiO2 p–n hetero-junction solar cells, a hole-transfer from the excited state of MC to the ground-state of PTh accelerated the charge separation in the depletion layer formed at the TiO2/MC+PTh interface, enhancing the photovoltaic properties. That is, the blended solar cell is not a so-called Grätzel cell being sensitized by mono-layer dyes chemically adsorbed on the TiO2 electrode, but rather the enhanced photovoltaic properties are attributable to the dye-sensitization of the conjugated polymer.
Molecular Modeling of the Solvent Structuring of Chloroform around Cellulose Triacetate
Authors: Yu Isseki , Iwata Kazuyuki , Ueda Kazuyoshi , Nakayama Haruo 
Published: December 2003

Abstract
A molecular dynamics simulation of the hexamer units of cellulose triacetate (CTA) in chloroform was performed to investigate the solvent structuring and dynamics behavior of chloroform molecules around the CTA polymer. During the simulation, a large fluctuation in the main chain conformation of CTA was observed in this solvent. Moreover, ring puckering of the glucose unit was also observed. In order to investigate the solvent structuring of chloroform around the solute molecule, the site-specified radial distribution function and the average velocity of the solvent atoms were precisely analyzed as a function of the distance from the CTA site. The results were compared with that obtained in our previous simulation of CTA in DMSO. The comparison showed that some DMSO molecules were strongly attracted by CTA sites, such as acetyl methyl residue, while the chloroform molecules were weakly attracted by the carbonyl oxygen of CTA. These differences affect the stability of the conformation of CTA in different solvents. In chloroform, the conformation of acetyl residues, especially at the 6 position, were rotating widely in every monomer unit, which caused a large fluctuation on the main-chain conformation. On the other hand, all acetyl side chains maintained a stable conformation in DMSO because of the strong association of DMSO molecules to the acetyl residue of CTA. The role of the solvent effects on the conformation of the polymer in solution was considered at the molecular level in this work.
Hydration Structure around the Methylene Group of Glycine Molecule
Authors: Sasaki Motoya , Kameda Yasuo , Yaegashi Masahiro , Usuki Takeshi 
Published: December 2003

Abstract
Neutron diffraction measurements have been carried out on aqueous 4 mol% glycine solutions. The H/D isotopic substitution technique was applied to both methylene-hydrogen (HM) and water-hydrogen (HW) atoms in order to obtain information concerning the hydration structure around the methylene group within the glycine molecule. Structural parameters for the first hydration shell of the methylene-hydrogen atoms were determined as r(HM···OW) = 2.64(1) Å and r(HM···HW) = 2.87(1) Å from the least squares fitting analysis of the observed first-order difference function, 0HΔH(Q), and the partial structure factor, aHMHex(Q), respectively. The first hydration shell of the methylene group involves ca. 2 water molecules per one glycine molecule.
Dynamics of n-Alkylammonium Ions Intercalated in Saponite
Authors: Yamauchi Miho , Ishimaru Shin’ichi , Ikeda Ryuichi 
Published: December 2003

Abstract
Organo-clay composites of saponite intercalated with several kinds of n-alkylmono- and diammonium ions were prepared, and the dynamic properties of the intercalated cations were investigated by solid state NMR. It was found that the cationic motions are characterized by distributed correlation times due to an environmental inhomogeneity of the interlayer space of saponite.
Assemblies Possessing Rich Hydrogen Bonds Derived from trans-Oxamidato-Bridged Dicopper(II) Complexes and Carboxyl Auxiliary Ligands
Authors: Zhang Hua-Xin , Kang Bei-Sheng , Chen Zhong-Ning , Su Cheng-Yong , Yu Kai-Bei 
Published: December 2003

Abstract
Three complexes [{Cu2(trans-oxap)(nic)(H2O)2}n](ClO4)n·0.5nH2O 1, [Cu2(trans-oxen)(nic)2(H2O)2]·2H2O 2, [Cu2(trans-oxen)(hyba)2(H2O)2] 3 have been obtained from reactions of the trans-oxamidato-bridged dicopper(II) unit [Cu2(trans-L)]2+ (L = oxen or oxap, H2oxen = N,N′-bis(2-aminoethyl)oxamide, H2oxap = N,N′-bis(2-aminopropyl)oxamide) with the auxiliary ligands hydroxybenzoic acid (Hhyba) and nicotinic acid (Hnic). Their structures were determined by X-ray crystallography. Results showed that polymeric chains are formed in 1, since the auxiliary ligand nic behaves as the spacer connecting the dicopper units. However, 2 and 3 contain only discrete dinuclear units, since nic in 2 and hyba in 3 are terminal ligands. Chains in 1 and dinuclear units in 2 and 3 further fabricate extended structures through hydrogen bonds. The structural diversity of these complexes results from the different affinity of the coordination donors to the copper(II). The magnetic property is exemplified by 3; thermal behaviors of all complexes have been investigated.
Adsorption of Phenols by Alkylamine-Intercalated α-Zirconium Phosphate
Authors: Hayashi Aki , Nakayama Hirokazu , Tsuhako Mitsutomo 
Published: December 2003

Abstract
Alkylamine-intercalated α-zirconium phosphate successfully adsorbed harmful phenols, such as phenol, chlorophenol, and 2,4-dichlorophenol. The adsorption amounts of phenols are in the order; 2,4-dichlorophenol &gt; chlorophenol &gt; phenol. This sequence is related to the degree of hydrophobicity of these phenols. The adsorption amounts of phenols strongly depended on the content of alkylamine in the intercalation compound. In the case of butylamine, maximum adsorptions of phenols were observed when 4.4 mmol of butylamine was intercalated into α-ZrP; above this value, the adsorption amount decreased, and some butylamine was released.
Structure and Electronic Properties of Biferrocene–TCNQ Charge-Transfer Complexes: Effects of Acceptors and Crystal Environment on the Mixed-Valence States
Authors: Mochida Tomoyuki , Yamazaki Shizue , Suzuki Shinya , Shimizu Setsuko , Mori Hatsumi 
Published: December 2003

Abstract
Correlations between the valence states, crystal structure, and electronic states in biferrocenium charge-transfer complexes with tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) acceptors have been revealed. Structural determination of (1′,1″′-dipropyl-1,1″-biferrocenium)+(TCNQ)3− (1) and (1′,1″′-dibutyl-1,1″-biferrocenium)+(TCNQ)3− (2) showed that these complexes form a 1:3 segregated stack structure, and are semiconductors. Stabilization of the averaged valence states in the biferrocenium cations in 1 and 2 is attributed to the symmetrical environment around the cations and to the shielding of the dipole–dipole interactions by the TCNQ columns. Structural determination of (biferrocenium)+(F4TCNQ)− (3) and (1′,1″′-diethyl-1,1″-biferrocenium)+(F4TCNQ)− (4) revealed that 3 has a segregated structure, while 4 exhibits a 2:2 mixed-stack structure, represented as ...D+D+A−A−D+D+A−A−.... Valence localization in the biferrocenium cations in these complexes can be rationalized by electrostatic interactions between the cations and the anions in addition to the low crystal symmetry. All the complexes show paramagnetic susceptibilities, which mainly arise from the contribution of the donor molecules.
N2O Removal by Catalytic Decomposition and Reduction with CH4 over Fe/Al2O3
Authors: Haneda Masaaki , Shinriki Manabu , Nagao Yukinori , Kintaichi Yoshiaki , Hamada Hideaki 
Published: December 2003

Abstract
N2O removal by catalytic decomposition and reduction with CH4 over Fe/Al2O3 was investigated. The catalytic conversion of N2O to N2 over Fe/Al2O3 was effectively promoted by the addition of CH4. The activity of Fe/Al2O3 normalized on a TOF basis for N2O decomposition increased linearly with the Fe loading, whereas that for N2O reduction increased with an increase in Fe loading up to 2 wt %, then subsequently decreased. Structural characterization by UV–vis and TPR revealed the presence of two types of Fe species, Fe2O3 and FeAlO3, in Fe/Al2O3. It was proposed that the catalytically active species for N2O decomposition and N2O reduction are Fe2O3 and FeAlO3, respectively.
Kinetics and Mechanism of the Oxidation of Some α-Hydroxy Acids by Benzyltrimethylammonium Dichloroiodate
Authors: Goyal Archana , Kothari Seema 
Published: December 2003

Abstract
The oxidation of lactic acid, mandelic acid, and ten monosubstituted mandelic acids by benzyltrimethylammonium dichloroiodate (BTMACI) in glacial acetic acid leads to the formation of the corresponding oxo acid. The reaction is first order with respect to hydroxy acid, BTMACI, and zinc chloride. An addition of benzyltrimethylammonium chloride enhances the rate slightly. [PhCH2Me3N]+[IZn2Cl6]− is postulated to be the reactive oxidizing species. The oxidation of α-deuteriomandelic acid exhibited the presence of a substantial kinetic isotope effect (kH/kD = 5.97 at 298 K). The rate of oxidation of the substituted mandelic acids showed an excellent correlation with Brown’s σ+ values. The reaction constants are negative. A mechanism involving the transfer of hydride ion to the oxidant is postulated.
Synthesis of Tetrahydropyran-2-carboxylic Acid Derivatives of Lipid A Containing an Olefin in Their Chains and Their LPS-Antagonistic Activities
Authors: Watanabe Yukiko , Shiozaki Masao , Tanaka Daisuke , Shimozato Takaichi , Kanai Saori , Kurakata Shin-ichi 
Published: December 2003

Abstract
Four tetrahydropyran-2-carboxylic acid derivatives with 3-(tetradec-7-enyloxy)tetradecyl chains instead of 3-(tetradecanoyloxy)tetradecanoyl chains in lipid A were synthesized and their biological activities toward human U937 cells, human whole blood cells and mouse peritoneal resident macrophages were measured. These compounds showed LPS-antagonistic activity toward these three kinds of cells. The IC50 values (nM) (1 M = 1 mol dm−3) of these four compounds (21, 21′, 24 and 24′) toward human monoblastic U937 cells were 2.2, 1.0, 0.017 and 0.055, respectively. However, the LPS-antagonistic activities (IC50 values) of these four compounds toward human whole blood cells were only 0.28, 0.21, 0.81 and 0.58 μM, respectively. The IC50 values (μM) toward mouse peritoneal resident macrophages were 2.49, 0.49, 0.91 and 0.69, respectively.