bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Some metabolic aspects of vitamin B12 deficiency in sheep
Authors: Smith R. M. , Marston H. R. 
Published: May 2005

1. Studies were made with pair-fed vitamin B12-deficient and vitamin B12-treated or cobalt-treated ewes fed a Co-deficient diet in cages. Measurements were made of body-weight changes and some observations were made of energy and nitrogen metabolism. The effects of oral Co on energy and nitrogen metabolism were examined in sheep fed the Co-deficient diet, but not yet deficient of vitamin B12 in the tissues.2. The rate of loss of body-weight of vitamin B12-deficient sheep was significantly faster (P<0.01) than that of pair-fed sheep given 50 μg vitamin B12/d by injection.3. In a limited number of observations of pair-fed sheep no significant differences were found in retention of combustible energy from the diet, but excretion of faecal nitrogen was higher in deficient animals than in animals receiving vitamin B12 or Co.4. There was no significant effect of supplementary Co on energy metabolism, nitrogen metabolism, production of methane or digestibility of fodder in sheep that were not deficient of vitamin B12.
Metabolism of vitamin E in sheep
Authors: Hidiroglou M , Jenkins K. J. , Lessard J. R. , Carson R. B. 
Published: May 2005

1. The metabolism of tritium-labelled tocopherol was investigated in thirty-six wethers and forty-two ewes fed on hay known to produce nutritional muscular dystrophy (NMD).2. In one experiment, the effect of selenium or vitamin E or both on the metabolism of tritium-labelled tocopherol was studied. No difference was found in the incorporation rate of radioactivity in tissues due to the addition of either of these components.3. In a second experiment, significantly more radioactivity was found in the tissues of sheep dosed intramuscularly than of those dosed by stomach tube into the rumen. Excretion of radioactivity was rapid when labelled tocopherol was given into the rumen.4. In a third experiment, the efficiency of vitamin E in preventing NMD in lambs was tested. Supplementation with vitamin E of the diet consisting of NMD-producing hay and given to ewes was ineffective as a prophylactic treatment. Direct administration of vitamin E to the lambs completely prevented the occurrence of NMD. Plasma vitamin E concentrations in the treated lambs were significantly higher than in untreated lambs at weekly sampling over a 4-month period regardless of whether the lambs were born from ewes treated with the vitamin or not.
Nitrogen retention in the pig
Authors: Carr J. R. , Boorman K. N. , Cole D. J. A. 
Published: May 2005

1. Published results have been used to study the relationships between nitrogen retention (NR), body-weight (W) and N intake in the pig.2. The general decrease in maximal NR (g/d per kg W0.75) with increasing W (kg) was curvilinear for values of W from 1.5 to 45: NR = 3.324−0.098 W+0.001 W2; and rectilinear for values of W from 45 to 165: NR = 1.252−0.006 W. Values for protein requirements derived from these equations agreed closely with published estimates.3. The slopes of the curves for NR (g/d per kg W0.75) v. N intake (g/d) decreased as W (kg) increased from about 2.5 to 190. After extrapolation to a proposed common intercept on the NR axis of -150 mg N/d per kg W0.75, regression analysis of the intercepts of these curves on the N-intake axis v. W gave an estimate of N requirements for maintenance of 246±19 mg/d per kg W0.75.4. The results also indicated that at low N intakes net protein utilization (N retention+ total obligatory N losses ÷ N intake) was essentially independent of W, whereas the gross efficiency of N utilization (NR ÷ N intake) was influenced by both W and N intake.
Nitrogen retention in rats fed on diets enriched with arginine and glycine
Authors: Sitren H. S. , Fisher H. 
Published: May 2005

1. Adult rats were subjected to a brief period of diethyl ether anaesthesia and were given diets with 200 or 100 g casein/kg with or without arginine plus glycine supplementation in the post-anaesthesia period. Nitrogen retention was measured as well as liver protein content and liver and muscle transaminase activities (l-aspartate aminotransferase (GOT), (EC 2.6.1.1), and l-alanine aminotransferase (GPT) (EC 2.6.1.2)).2. Results demonstrated that anaesthesia-stressed rats consuming the high-protein diet with supplemental arginine and glycine retained twice as much N as did rats given the diet with 200 g casein/kg alone, for the first 5 d post-anaesthesia.3. Anaesthesia-stressed animals consuming the diets with 100 g casein/kg with or without arginine plus glycine supplementation did not differ from each other in N retention.4. Liver protein content increased after anaesthesia in rats given the high-protein diets; liver transaminase activity increased, whereas muscle transaminase activity decreased, in animals consuming the high protein diets.5. Possible mechanisms to account for these results are discussed.
Endogenous loss of leucine and methionine in adult male rats
Authors: Neale R. J. , Waterlow J. C. 
Published: May 2005

1. The fractional rate of loss of 14C and body-weight was measured in adult male rats after giving 14C-labelled methionine or leucine and maintaining rats for 30 d on a low-protein or a specific methionine+cystine-free diet: carcasses were then analysed for protein and fat 14C radioactivity.2. The fractional loss of 14CO2 from [14C]methionine or [14C]leucine between day 20 and day 30 was always greater than the fractional loss of body-weight.3. Carcass protein 14C radioactivity after giving [14C]leucine was higher than after giving [14C]methionine, but fat 14C radioactivity after either 14C-labelled amino acid was only a small proportion of the total body 14C radioactivity.4. After correction of the fractional loss of 14CO2 for urinary 14C loss, but not body-weight loss, absolute amino acid loss was calculated using published values for methionine and leucine content of rats.5. The best estimates of endogenous amino acid loss obtained using 1-14C-labelled amino acids, expressed as mg/kg body-weight0.75 per day were leucine 79, methionine 38.
Effect of environmental temperature and food intake on the distribution of fat in growing hairless mice
Authors: Stanier Margaret W. 
Published: May 2005

1. The fat content of the skin and of the skin-free carcass was measured in young, growing hairless mice about 4-8 weeks old kept at either 22° (cool environment, i.e. below their critical temperature) or at 33° (warm environment; i.e. within their thermoneutral range). The food intake of groups of the mice reared at each temperature was restricted to between 77 and 89 % of that of a litter-mate fed ad lib.2. In all the mice, whether fed ad lib. or on a restricted intake, those reared in the warm environment contained about 1.5 times as much fat as those reared in the cool environment. At both temperatures and feeding levels, approximately 25 % of the total body fat was present in the skin.3. Each mouse reared at 33° on an ad lib. regimen reached about the same plateau weight in the same period as its litter-mate reared at 22°. However its food intake during this period of growth was only about half that of the mouse reared at the lower temperature, so its food conversion ratio (dry food intake: body-weight gain) was twice as efficient.4. It is concluded that neither the growth rate nor the distribution of fat within the body of the growing mouse can be influenced by rearing the animals at these different environmental temperatures. Rearing at the higher temperature, however, both decreases food intake and also promotes deposition of more fat within the body.
COREX/BEST server: a web browser-based program that calculates regional stability variations within protein structures
Authors: Vertrees Jason , Barritt Phillip , Whitten Steve , Hilser Vincent J. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractSummary: Utilizing the user-supplied coordinates of a protein structure, the COREX/BEST Server generates a structural thermodynamic ensemble. This conformational ensemble can then be used to calculate the regional variations in stability of a protein structure, and the stabilities are presented in units of energy (kcal/mol). The regional stabilities, which are calculated at the resolution of individual residues, can be mapped onto the protein structure for visual representation and downloaded from the site in the form of tab delimited text. The site provides an easy to follow summary of the theoretical and algorithmic approaches and provides links to references for more detailed descriptions.Availability: The COREX/BEST Server may be accessed through a typical web browser by visiting http://best.utmb.edu/BEST/Contact: vjhilser@utmb.edu
The Xylem and Phloem Transcriptomes from Secondary Tissues of the Arabidopsis Root-Hypocotyl
Authors: Zhao Chengsong , Craig Johanna C. , Petzold H. Earl , Dickerman Allan W. , Beers Eric P. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe growth of secondary xylem and phloem depends on the division of cells in the vascular cambium and results in an increase in the diameter of the root and stem. Very little is known about the genetic mechanisms that control cambial activity and the differentiation of secondary xylem and phloem cell types. To begin to identify new genes required for vascular cell differentiation and function, we performed genome-wide expression profiling of xylem and phloem-cambium isolated from the root-hypocotyl of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Gene expression in the remaining nonvascular tissue was also profiled. From these transcript profiles, we assembled three sets of genes with expression significantly biased toward xylem, phloem-cambium, or nonvascular tissue. We also assembled three two-tissue sets of genes with expression significantly biased toward xylem/phloem-cambium, xylem/nonvascular, or phloem-cambium/nonvascular tissues. Localizations predicted by transcript profiles were supported by results from promoter-reporter and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction experiments with nine xylem- or phloem-cambium-biased genes. An analysis of the members of the phloem-cambium gene set suggested that some genes involved in regulating primary meristems are also regulators of the cambium. Secondary phloem was implicated in the synthesis of auxin, glucosinolates, cytokinin, and gibberellic acid. Transcript profiles also supported the importance of class III HD ZIP and KANADI transcription factors as regulators of radial patterning during secondary growth, and identified several members of the G2-like, NAC, AP2, MADS, and MYB transcription factor families that may play roles as regulators of xylem or phloem cell differentiation and activity.
Computational Identification of 69 Retroposons in Arabidopsis
Authors: Zhang Yujun , Wu Yongrui , Liu Yilei , Han Bin 
Published: May 2005

Abstract
Retroposition is a shot-gun strategy of the genome to achieve evolutionary diversities by mixing and matching coding sequences with novel regulatory elements. We have identified 69 retroposons in the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) genome by a computational approach. Most of them were derivatives of mature mRNAs, and 20 genes contained relics of the reverse transcription process, such as truncations, deletions, and extra sequence additions. Of them, 22 are processed pseudogenes, and 52 genes are likely to be actively transcribed, especially in tissues from apical meristems (roots and flowers). Functional compositions of these retroposon parental genes imply that not the mRNA itself but its expression in gamete cells defines a suitable template for retroposition. The presence/absence patterns of retroposons can be used as cladistic markers for biogeographic research. Effects of human and the Mediterranean Pleistocene refugia in Arabidopsis biogeographic distributions were revealed based on two recent retroposons (At1g61410 and At5g52090). An evolutionary rate of new gene creation by retroposition was calculated as 0.6 genes per million years. Retroposons can also be used as molecular fossils of the parental gene expressions in ancient time. Extensions of 3′ untranslated regions for those expressed parental genes are revealed as a possible trend of plant transcriptome evolution. In addition, we reported the first plant functional chimeric gene that adapts to intercompartmental transport by capturing two additional exons after retroposition.
Positive and Negative Factors Confer Phase-Specific Circadian Regulation of Transcription in Arabidopsis
Authors: Harmer Stacey L. , Kay Steve A. 
Published: May 2005

Abstract
The circadian clock exerts a major influence on transcriptional regulation in plants and other organisms. We have previously identified a motif called the evening element (EE) that is overrepresented in the promoters of evening-phased genes. Here, we demonstrate that multimerized EEs are necessary and sufficient to confer evening-phased circadian regulation. Although flanking sequences are not required for EE function, they can modulate EE activity. One flanking sequence, taken from the PSEUDORESPONSE REGULATOR 9 promoter, itself confers dawn-phased rhythms and has allowed us to define a new clock promoter motif (the morning element [ME]). Scanning mutagenesis reveals that both activators and repressors of gene expression act through the ME and EE. Although our experiments confirm that CIRCADIAN CLOCK ASSOCIATED 1 (CCA1) and LATE ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL (LHY) are likely to act as repressors via the EE, they also show that they have an unexpected positive effect on EE-mediated gene expression as well. We have identified a clock-regulated activity in plant extracts that binds specifically to the EE and has a phase consistent with it being an activator of expression through the EE. This activity is reduced in CCA1/LHY null plants, suggesting it may itself be part of a circadian feedback loop and perhaps explaining the reduction in EE activity in these double mutant plants.
Anxiety Reduction through Detachment: Subjective, Physiological, and Neural Effects
Authors: Kalisch Raffael , Wiech Katja , Critchley Hugo D. , Seymour Ben , O'Doherty John P. , Oakley David A. , Allen Philip , Dolan Raymond J. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe ability to volitionally regulate emotions helps to adapt behavior to changing environmental demands and can alleviate subjective distress. We show that a cognitive strategy of detachment attenuates subjective and physiological measures of anticipatory anxiety for pain and reduces reactivity to receipt of pain itself. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we locate the potentialsite andsourceof this modulation of anticipatory anxiety in the medial prefrontal/anterior cingulate and anterolateral prefrontal cortex, respectively.
Jewish Festal Names in Antiquity—A Neglected Area of Onomastic Research
Authors: Williams Margaret 
Published: May 2005

AbstractNaming children to reflect the occasion of their birth is found in many cultures and Jewish culture in antiquity was no exception. Although Sabbath-derived names have been studied, no comprehensive treatment of Jewish festal names exists. This paper attempts to fill that gap by examining in turn each name used by Jews during the Persian, Hellenistic and Roman periods with a definite or possible festal connection. The study concludes with an attempt to explain why the category of Jewish festal names expanded in late antiquity. It is suggested that the most likely reason was the enhanced festal role enjoyed by the synagogue at that time.
Postoperative Delirium after elective and emergency surgery: analysis and checking of risk factors. A study protocol
Authors: Agnoletti Vanni , Ansaloni Luca , Catena Fausto , Chattat Rabbih , De Cataldis Angelo , Di Nino Gianfranco , Franceschi Claudio , Gagliardi Stefano , Melotti Rita Maria , Potalivo Antonella , Taffurelli Mario 
Published: May 2005

Abstract

Background
Delirum is common in hospitalized elderly patients and may be associated with increased morbidity, length of stay and patient care costs. Delirium (acute confusional state) is defined as an acute disorder of attention and cognition. In elderly patients, delirium is often an early indicator of patho-physiological disturbances. Despite landmark studies dating back to the 1940s, the pathogenesis of Delirium remains poorly understood. Early investigators noted that Delirium was characterized by global cortical dysfunction that was associated predominantly with specific electroencephalographic changes. It's important to understand the risk factors and incidence of Delirium. Some of the risk factors are already identified in literature and can be summarized in the word "VINDICATE" which stands for: Vascular, Infections, Nutrition, Drugs, Injury, Cardiac, Autoimmune, Tumors, Endocrine. Aims of this study are: to re-evaluate the above mentioned clinical risk factors, adding some others selected from literature, and to test, as risk factors, a pattern of some genes associated to cognitive dysfunction and inflammation possibly related to postoperative Delirium.

Design
All patients admitted to our Emergency Unit who are meet our inclusion/exclusion criteria will be recruited. The arising of postoperative Delirium will select incidentally two groups (Delirium/non Delirium) and the forward analysis of correlate risk factors will be performed. As in a typical observational case/control study we will consider all the exposure factors to which our population are submitted towards the outcome (presence of Delirium). Our exposures are the following: ASA, Pain (SVS; VAS), Blood gas analysis (pH; Hb; pO2; pCO2), Residence pharmacological therapy (BDZ; hypnotics; narcotic drugs; alcohol; nitrous derivates), Body temperature, Arterial pressure, Heart frequency, Breath frequency, Na, K, Creatinin, Glicemia, Albumin, Hct, White blood cells, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), Cognitive state (SPMSQ), Functional state (ADL and IADL), Psychological Distress (HADS), Cumulative Illness Rating Scale (CIRS), Hypotension (classified in: light; moderate and severe and duration), Blood loss (classified in: < 2 lt and > 2 lt), Blood transfusions (< 2 lt and > 2 lt), Quantity of red cells and plasma transfusions, Visual VAS / SVS (timing: I-II-III post-operative day), Red cells and Plasma transfusions, Blood count evaluation and Saturation (O2%), Postoperative analgesia (Emilia-Romagna protocol), Presence of malignant tumoral disease, APACHE Score II. Moreover the presence of some relevant genetic polymorphisms will be studied in different genes such as IL-6, IL-10, TNF-alpha, and IL-1 cluster.
TheDrosophilaCdc6/18 protein has functions in both early and late S phase in S2 cells
Authors: Crevel Gilles , Mathe Endre , Cotterill Sue 
Published: May 2005

The Cdc6/18 protein has been mainly characterised for its role in the initiation of DNA replication. Several studies exist, however, which suggest that it may also have a role in controlling the G2/M transition. Here we present studies on the Drosophila Cdc6 (DmCdc6) protein that support this dual function for the protein.First we show that its location is consistent with a cellular role post replication initiation as it remains nuclear throughout G1, S and G2 phases. In addition, we have been able to reduce the level of DmCdc6 protein to nondetectable levels in S2 cells using RNAi. This causes DNA fragmentation and cell cycle abnormalities which have some similarities with phenotypes previously observed in yeasts and are consistent with the cells entering mitosis with incompletely replicated DNA. Finally, we have stably overexpressed the DmCdc6 protein to a high level in S2 cells. Despite a large excess of protein the effects on the S2 cells were minimal. We did, however, detect a slight stalling of the cells in the late S phase of the cell cycle, which further supports the proposal that DmCdc6 has a role in controlling the transition from the S to M phases of the cycle.
Zur Kinetik des thermischen Abbaus von PVC. I. Untersuchungen zum Gehalt an Defektstrukturen und zu ihrem Einfluß auf die Thermostabilität
Authors: Anders H. , Behnisch J. , Zimmermann H. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractAls wesentliche Voraussetzung für Untersuchungen zur thermischen Stabilität von PVC wurde der Gehalt an isolierten und konjugierten Doppelbindungen sowie Ketochlorallylgruppen quantitativ bestimmt. Die Beurteilung des Einflusses dieser Defektstrukturen der Polymerkette erfolgte durch Messung des Dehydrochlorierungsverlaufes unter isothermen und nichtisothermen Bedingungen. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, daß lediglich Ketochlorallylgruppen effektiv eine erhöhte Initiierungsgeschwindigkeit bewirken.
Zur Kinetik der radikalischen Polymerisation von Dimethyl‐diallyl‐ammoniumchlorid. IV. Mechanismus von Start‐und Abbruchreaktion mit Persulfat als Initiator
Authors: Hahn M. , Jaeger W. , Wandrey Ch. , Reinisch G. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractBei der persulfatinitiierten radikalischen Cyclopolymerisation von Dimethyl‐diallyl‐ammoniumchlorid in wäßriger Lösung erfolgt die Primärradikalbildung durch zwei parallelreaktionen: (1) einen aktivierten Zerfall von Ionenpaaren aus S2O2−8 und Monomerkationassoziaten unter Bildung von Sulfatanionradikalen und (2) durch eine Redoxreaktion zwischen Persulfat und als Ionenpaar an das Monomerkation assoziiertem Cl− unter Bildung von Sulfatanionradikalen und Chloratomen. Eine quantitative Analyse der Teilreaktionen ergab, daß beide mit vergleichbarer Geschwindigkeit ablaufen. Die nach Reaktion (2) gebildeten Chloratome wirken sowohl kettenstartend als auch kettenabbrechend, der zusätzliche Kettenabbruch wird formalkinetisch als Übertragung zum Monomer registriert.
Oxacycloalkane in der Polymerchemie. IV. Grundlagen der applikation oligomerer formaldiole
Authors: Rübner J. , Frommelt H. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractDurch kationische Polymerisation in Masse werden Oligoformale mit einer definierten chemischen Struktur erhalten. Durch geeignete Wahl ihrer Zusammensetzung und die Art der Reaktionsführung können spezielle Eigenschaften der Oligomere erreicht werden. Die bei Kettenabbruch mit wäßrigem Alkali erhältlichen oligomeren Formaldiole sind für die Umsetzung mit Di‐ und Triisocyanaten geeignet. Polyurethanfolien aus Formaldiolen verfügen bei hohem Trioxocananteil über ein sehr hohes Wasseraufnahmevermögen und eine hohe Durchlässigkeit für Wasserdampf. Kompositionen aus Brombutendiolformalpolyolen verleihen Polyurethanhartschäumen permanent wirkende Flammwidrigkeit.
Hydrogen‐bonding and phase‐forming behavior of a soluble quinacridone
Authors: Keller Uwe , Müllen Klaus , De Feyter Steven , De Schryver Frans C. 
Published: May 2005

Functional organic dyes provide a direct link between electronics and optics. The supramolecular packing of a given chromophore plays an important role in the functional properties of a material. A highly substituted, soluble quinacridone (see Figure) is presented for which the aggregation process can be directly probed by UV/vis spectroscopy. magnified image
Photorefractive liquid crystals
Authors: Wiederrecht Gary P. , Yoon Beth A. , Wasielewski Michael R. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractPhotorefractive liquid crystals represent the newest class of photorefractive materials. The low electric fields required for reorienting liquid crystals, combined with their high birefringence, results in the observation of photorefractivity with very low optical intensities and low applied fields. Photoinducing efficient charge transport over macroscopic distances is the primary hurdle for producing the space‐charge field required for photorefractivity.
Molecular image‐processing devices based on chemical reaction systems. 2: Implementation of blum‐type algorithms
Authors: Rambidi N. G. , Maximychev A. V. , Usatov A. V. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractPotentialities for impliementing Blum‐type algorithms based on chemical and biochemical dynamical media are discussed. These media proved to be efficient for performing some primitive operations important for image processing.