bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnosis, Condition Monitoring
Authors: Vas Peter 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
It is becoming increasingly important to use comprehensive monitoring schemes for the continuous assessment of the electrical condition of electrical machines. By using condition monitoring, it is possible to provide adequate warning of imminent failures, and in addition to diagnosing present maintenance needs, it is also possible to schedule future preventive maintenance and repair work. This can result in minimum downtime and optimum maintenance schedules. Diagnosis allows the machine operator to have the necessary spare parts before the machine is stripped down, thereby reducing outage times. If diagnosis is integrated into the maintenance policy, the usual maintenance at specified intervals can be replaced by a condition-centred maintenance. This can also eliminate unnecessary maintenance. In this section various forms of condition monitoring and diagnostic techniques are discussed for induction machines and synchronous machines, and a summary is given of the failures of d.c. and a.c. machines, their symptoms and possible causes.
Spiral vector theory of AC circuits
Authors: Yamamura Sakae 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
It seems that alternating current theory needs revising in two respects. First, steady-state analysis and transient-state analysis are treated in two separate theories: AC circuit theory and transient theory. Second, transients of AC machines are not adequately and sufficiently analysed. In AC theory, vector, or phasor, notation has been used for steady-state analysis since the beginning of the century. Although phasor notation has some outstanding merits, its use is confined to steady-state analyses of AC circuits and machines. The phasor, or vector, is a stationary vector in the complex plane, which cannot express variables in a transient state. Transient-state variables are expressed by their instantaneous real values. Thus the steady-state theory of AC circuits is separated from the transient theory by different expressions for the state variables. It is cumbersome and awkward to combine steady and transient solutions obtained in two separate theories and expressed in different notations. The spiral vector method proposed in this book will unify the two theories by using a common expression: the spiral vector.
Methods of eddy current analysis
Authors: Krawczyk Andrzej , Tegopoulos John A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
All electromagnetic phenomena are governed by the well-known laws, rules and formulae which are described in existing relevant books, so that it would seem to be unnecessary to repeat them here. Nevertheless, it would be difficult to publish a book on eddy currents without giving a brief summary of these laws. As it was mentioned in the Introduction it was Foucault who distinguished eddy currents from the general notion of electric current. However, eddy currents are defined in the general theory of electromagnetism. In fact, they can be deduced from Faraday’s law as well as from Maxwell’s equations, although Maxwell himself did not focus his attention on this problem. Nevertheless, the eddy current problem can be considered as a result of electromagnetic induction but with the electromotive force induced in a massive conductor instead of a circuit made of wires or filaments.
Continuous model of eddy currents
Authors: Krawczyk Andrzej , Tegopoulos John A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The eddy current phenomenon can be expressed in terms of certain variables which, in turn, correspond to the various ways of analysis. In electromagnetism the variables describing the field are of two kinds. The first type of variables concerns the field itself while the second type treats the field indirectly by using mathematical entities, known as potentials. Both type have advantages and disadvantages and they should be used for each case as appropriate. The main benefit of using the field variables results from the fact that they allow observing the field as a physical reality. The disadvantage is that solving the problem requires considerably more work. On the other hand, introducing potentials gives an analyst the possibility of less work for the solution of the problem in question. In contrast, potentials are of mathematical rather than physical nature, so that this analysis is far from reality and it is not possible to use here physical intuition. In analysing eddy currents, because of their nature, the main potentials used are vectorial although scalar potentials are also considered as complementary to the vectorial ones.
Treatment of special cases
Authors: Krawczyk Andrzej , Tegopoulos John A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
All chapters written up to this point have an implicit assumption, namely that configurations considered include only a homogeneous region. In practice, though, we deal with at least two cases which are not of this type. The first one is the problem when the eddy current region is surrounded by non-conducting infinite space (open boundary problems) and the second one is where within the conductor different material parameters exist (interface problem). The impatient reader also ask about nonlinearity, but as the subject is specific and rather wide it will be presented in Chapter 6. Thus let us first discuss the problems mentioned above. The history of the open boundary problem is strongly connected with the development of numerical techniques. Before the computer era many analytical methods and formulae did not consider the fact that a conductor is usually placed in a free-space and hence there are no boundary conditions prescribed except those at infinity. Also, the boundary conditions are prescribed for simple geometries, for example, long conductor with circular cross-section. But reality is such that conductors are located in the non-conducting space (usually in air) so that the boundary conditions on the conductor surface are unknown. The classical approach in this case is to consider two regions in which the field is to be solved and use the wellknown compatibility (or interface) conditions in order to establish unknown boundary values. Of course, such a procedure can be adopted also in the pure analytical approach; however, it would be very difficult to proceed to a solution.
Regularization
Authors: Neittaanmäki P , Rudnicki M , Savini A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Hadamard [1923] postulated three properties for the initial-and boundary value problems of mathematical physics:
Existence of the solution,
Uniqueness of the solution,
Stability of the solution.
The third property means that the solution depends continuously upon the data, which are usually measured quantities contaminated with some bias error.
Introduction
Authors: Neittaanmäki P , Rudnicki M , Savini A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Pursuing the subject from a numerical viewpoint, we then introduce least-squares variational methods in electromagnetism using the functional approach covered in Part I. In particular, we show the finite-element formulation for nonlinear magnetic problems. For completeness of presentation we discuss transient problems as well, including the finite-element approximation of quasistatic electric and magnetic fields, and the finite-element formulation for the wave equation is discussed.
Artificial neural networks (ANNs) for inverse electromagnetic modelling
Authors: Neittaanmäki P , Rudnicki M , Savini A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The use of artificial neural networks in solving inverse electromagnetic problems is an effective strategy. A neural network is understood here as a mapping, of one vector function onto another, represented by a computer code. Using given data pairs (training patterns) which may come from past experience, the network learns the required mapping. In practical problems the input to the neural network may represent the output performance of the synthesized electromagnetic device and the output of the network may represent the geometry. These data are usually obtained from the solution of direct field problems (for a given geometry, find the performance) using any numerical method like the finite-element method (FEM), the boundary-element method (BEM) or the hybrid methods. To learn the mapping a neural network must be trained. The training process is based on the adjustment. of the weights of the network that determine the mapping. In practice we often use the back-propagation algorithm for training (see Section 6.9.3).
The exponential map
Authors: Rossmann Wulf 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A linear transformation X of the n -dimensional real or complex vector space E can be thought of as a vector field: X associates to each point p in E , the vector X (p ). As an aid to one’s imagination one may think of a fluid in motion, so that the velocity of the fluid particles passing through the point p is always X (p ); the vector field is then the current of the flow and the paths of the fluid particles are the trajectories .
Space time
Authors: Atkins Peter 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Where is it that anything happens? When we look around us the answer seems obvious. We exist in space and we act in time. But what is space, and what is time? Here too, our intuition appears to suggest a ready answer. We think of space as a stage—an immaterial stage, perhaps, but some kind of stage nevertheless. And time? Time distinguishes successive actions, time is a feature of the universe that permits us to recognize the present as an ever-shifting frontier between the past and the future. In other words, space disentangles simultaneous events; time distinguishes the unforeseeable future from the unchangeable past. Space and time jointly spread events out over locations and in an orderly sequence, so rendering them comprehensible.
Changing structures of settlements
Authors: Francovich Riccardo 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The transformation of rural settlement patterns in Italy in the period from late antiquity to the Middle Ages can now be reconstructed in the light of new archaeological evidence. This has focused attention on a number of important developments. The first is that the disintegration of the late Roman settlements and organization of production, in other words the gradual decline of the ancient world, started in the middle of the imperial age and continued down to the Gothic War, lasting from the third to mid-sixth century. Classical and medieval archaeologists studying the formation of early medieval landscapes have focused primarily on the collapse of the villa system in different regions or, in the case of those regions where this phenomenon had not developed significantly, on the decline of the Roman settlement patterns and of the networks of economic and social relations that had supported them. But there is also clear evidence that many forms of political and administrative organization remained in place and continued to shape the landscape even after the Gothic War.
Introducing the Old Testament
Authors: Coggins Richard 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
New to this edition: Includes rewritten material on historical questions in chapter 3, 'Did it all happen?'. Material on the theme of liberation theology in chapter 7, 'The Old Testament as Liberation', is revised and updated, as is material in chapter 4, 'What does archaelogy contribute?'. Women and the Bible are now considered in a separate chapter, and the new edition takes into account the continuing growth in biblical studies by women scholars. Other smaller revisions are made throughout, and a much revised bibliography now includes the most important works of recent years. Study of the Old Testament has in the past been dominated by what is often called the 'historical-critical' method': careful analysis of individual books with great emphasis on historical context, and concern to isolate what was original, and (it was therefore assumed) most important. This volume not only retains the values of adopting this traditional approach, but also outlines the alternative understandings of the Old Testament which have gained currency in recent years. Exploring these less conventional ways of looking at the Old Testament, Coggins introduces sociological and anthropological, feminist and liberation perspectives, and literary criticism. In this new edition, Coggins looks again at key issues in the light of recent scholarly developments, addressing contemporary debate on historical questions, radical developments in the field of archaeology, and considering women's readings in a separate chapter. This introductory volume offers students a concise and engaging discussion of the different perspectives available in Old Testament scholarship.
What Does it Mean?
Authors: Coggins Richard 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The first question which must be asked of any text written in a foreign language must be: what does it mean? And so the first kind of expertise of which we must take note is that of the linguist and philologist. Here, though there has been a great increase in our knowledge in modern times, there is no question of a newly discovered discipline; the quest for the precise meaning of the Old Testament has gone on as far back as we can trace.
What Does Archaeology Contribute?
Authors: Coggins Richard 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
For more than a century it has been taken for granted that our knowledge of the Bible, and of the Old Testament in particular, is enhanced by the many archaeological discoveries which have taken place, not only in Palestine itself, but also in the whole area of the ancient Near East which constitutes the biblical world. It is a subject which has generated a great deal of popular interest, as is witnessed by the television programmes devoted to it, and the wide range of books of every degree of technicality. There was a time when archaeology amounted to little more than ‘treasure-hunting’, digging a promising site so as to find and take away as many attractive monuments, statues, and the like, as possible. Now, not only do local governments very properly object to the despoliation of their own inheritance, but also a more scientific approach to the whole subject ensures that the significance of an archaeological excavation goes far beyond mere ‘finds’; the whole pattern of life of the inhabitants of the site being explored will come under scrutiny.
Samuel Taylor Coleridge
Authors: Trott Nicola 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The standard edition is the Collected Works, though ‘standard ‘ seems too bland a term for what is one of the grandest editorial projects of the century, the near accomplishment of which has dramatically and permanently altered the conception of its subject. (For a sense of how it looked to some of the editors on setting out, see the special issue in Review of English Literature, 7 (1966), 6-90.) The Bollingen Series has vastly enlarged both the quantity and the kind of material that is now considered as going to the making of ‘STC. Things rarely or never available have been brought to prominence: the 1795 Lectures, the Watchman, the Logic, and the Essays on his Times (where masterly detective work has yielded many new attributions). Things commonly known have been substantially reconfigured: the Friend, the Lectures on Literature, The Statesman ‘s Manual, Table Talk, Aids to Reflection, Biographia (an especially contentious text: Fruman 1989, a long-time controversialist in Coleridge studies, has traced the editorial roads not taken); and the essays ‘On Poesy and Art ‘, ‘The Principles of Genial Criticism ‘, as well as ‘The Soul and its Organs of Sense ‘ (from Omniana), all to be found among the Shorter Works and Fragments. Most important of all, perhaps, things never before printed are now lavishly and comprehensively given: the Marginalia, which for Coleridge was a form of composition in itself, has reached the letter ‘O ‘. And a parallel Bollingen Series is producing the astounding Notebooks, currently in their fourth twinvolume set of Text and Notes, taking us up to 1826.
Peripheral Vision
Authors: Sinclair John , Jacka, Elizabeth , Cunningham Stuart 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A sea-change in television systems around the world began in the late 1970s. An integral element in the various complex phenomena usually captured under the rubric of ‘globalization’, this transformation has forced the West to confront the television cultures of the more ‘peripheral’ regions of the world. Shifting geopolitical patterns within the world system, most notably the partial dismantling of national boundaries in Europe, the demise of communism, and the rise of the Asian economies, are having a profound effect on cultural ecologies and the consequent receptiveness of many regions of the world to new cultural influences, including new sources and kinds of television. Alongside this, and related to it, the last ten years have seen major changes in the television cultures of many countries as technological innovation, industrial realignments, and modifications in regulatory philosophy have begun to produce a new audiovisual landscape.
India
Authors: Pendakur Manjunath , Subramanyam Radha 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the ‘Third World’ the debate about the implications of the presence of Hollywood as a cultural ‘Trojan horse’ is growing with the spread of satellite delivery channels, many of which are parts of the vertical structures of transnational media giants. As the number of homes with television sets grows and the nation-state, once all powerful, is weakened in the age of globalization of the world economy, the debate about transnational media flows intensifies. Most chapters in this book deal with television exports from countries like Brazil and Mexico that seem to be going against this flow. The case of India, however, is vastly different because the export of made-for-television material is insignificant compared with film.
Australian Television in World Markets
Authors: Cunningham Stuart , Jacka Elizabeth 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Australian television programmes have begun to be a quite visible presence on the stage of world television. The success of Neighbours and Home and Away in Britain are the most dramatic sign of the export successes of Australian television, but there are few territories in the world now that do not contain Australian material as part of their programme mix. Following the initial acceptance of Australian cinema as an art house favourite in the 1970s, the next decade saw a large number of prestige Australian mini-series on screens in continental Europe, Britain, and New Zealand and, to a much lesser extent, North America. Since the mid-198os Australian serials and series have become standard fare in many of these territories as well, and Australia is well represented world-wide in genres like children’s drama, documentary, science and technology, comedy, and nature programmes.
Introduction
Authors: Cooper Helen 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The object of this book is to give an up-to-date summary of what is known about the Canterhury Tales, together with a critical reading of each tale. The whole work and each of the tales arc discussed under the following headings (though I sometimes conflate sections if this makes better sense):
Date. Some of the tales are believed to have been written as independent works before the Tales itself was conceived; and there are various theories about the progress of composition. I give evidence where this is available, and record hypothesis where it seems plausible.
The Wife of Bath’s Prologue
Authors: Cooper Helen 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Wife of Bath’s Prologue is one of the high points of Chaucer’s writing specifically for the Tales. It may have been written quite late, probably after the Shipman’s Tale, which seems once to have been Chaucer’s choice of story for the Wife: the prologue deals at more length and discursively with some of the issues raised in the narrative of that tale.
The Manciple’s Tale
Authors: Cooper Helen 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Manciple’s Prologue is one of the liveliest exchanges between the pilgrims, and the only one, apart from the arrival of the Canon and his Yeoman, to contain any action or to give any sense of context for their speeches. Its fit as part of the whole work is more awkward, and raises a number of problems of consistency. The Host wants the Cook to tell a tale, but he has already been given a portion of one at the end of the Fragment I. The exchanges between the Host and the Manciple make it sound as if a number of tales are still to come, but in the Parson’s Prologue only one is left; and the time has moved on from morning to near sunset.
The Timing and Style of Entrances and Exits
Authors: Gurr Andrew , Ichikawa Mariko 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A systematic check of the lines allocated in the original texts for characters to make their exits and entrances gives us a clear idea of the timing that they were expected to require. In many cases several interpretations of the timing are possible, sometimes with intriguing implications for the overriding intention. But even the most unclear cases show how important were the timing and the text’s location of its stage directions, given the large size of the amphitheatre stages.
Poems
Authors: Miola Robert S 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Early in his career Shakespeare wrote poems as well as plays. The sensual and melodic Venus and Adonis (1593), for example, tells of Venus’ ill-fated love for Adonis, gored to death by a boar. The Rape of Lucrece (1594) more soberly recounts Lucrece’s violation by Tarquin, her suicide, and the consequences for Rome. Shakespeare’s sonnets, probably composed in the 1590s, sing of desire, love, frustration, the decaying effects of time, and the power of art.’
The Genres in Theory
Authors: Danson Lawrence 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
IN James Thurber’s story ‘The Macbeth Murder Mystery’, a tourist finds herself in an English Lake District hotel with nothing to read but a paperback copy of The Tragedy if Macbeth. She is a great fan of detective fiction; Macbeth had mistakenly been shelved with the mystery novels: ‘“You can imagine”‘, she tells the narrator, ‘“how mad I was when I found it was Shakespeare.”‘
Mr William Shakespeare’s Comedies
Authors: Danson Lawrence 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
CHRISTOPHER SLY, drunk as a lord, gets to see a play, and that play is the one Shakespeare, who created Sly to be its audience, called The Taming of the Shrew. Doctor’s orders: ‘a pleasant comedy’, Sly is told, will cure his melancholy by framing his ‘mind to mirth and merriment’. Sly is new to playgoing but he is a critic on instinct (“Tis a very excellent piece of work, madam lady.
[c.1837], Helena Faucit (1817-98), on herself as Hermione, with W. C. Macready as Leontes, in The Winter’s Tale, from her On Some of Shakespeare’s Female Characters (1885, revised 1891; sixth edn., 1899), pp. 385-91 (extracts).
Authors: Shakespeare Critics Theatre 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Helena (or Helen) Faucit often acted with Macready until he retired in 1851, in which year she married Theodore Martin (knighted in 1880 for his biography of Prince Albert), after which she rarely performed. Her book On Some of Shakespeare’s Female Characters appeared in 1885, with an enlarged edition in 1891. She first appeared as Hermione during Macready’s Covent Garden season in 1837, when she was only twenty years old. Her account of the role is written in the form of a letter to Alfred, Lord Tennyson; her memories of performing it with Macready are remarkable not least for what she tells us about the audience’s reactions. Before the first extract printed she describes her dress, ‘composed of soft white cashmere, the draperies and edges bordered with the royal purple enriched with a tracery in gold, and thus harmonising with the colouring of the lips, eyes, hair, etc., of the statue’.