bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multiscale Interpenetrated/Interconnected Network Design Confers All‐Carbon Aerogels with Unprecedented Thermomechanical Properties for Thermal Insulation under Extreme Environments
Authors: Chang Xinyi , Wu Fan , Cheng Xiaota , Zhang Hao , He Lijuan , Li Wenjing , Yin Xia , Yu Jianyong , Liu Yi‐Tao , Ding Bin 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWith ultralight weight, low thermal conductivity, and extraordinary high‐temperature resistance, carbon aerogels hold tremendous potential against severe thermal threats encountered by hypersonic vehicles during the in‐orbit operation and re‐entry process. However, current 3D aerogels are plagued by irreconcilable contradictions between adiabatic and mechanical performance due to monotonicity of the building blocks or uncontrollable assembly behavior. Herein, a spatially confined assembly strategy of multiscale low‐dimensional nanocarbons is reported to decouple the stress and heat transfer. The nanofiber framework, a basis for transferring the loading strain, is covered by a continuous thin‐film‐like layer formed by the aggregation of nanoparticles, which in combination serve as the fundamental structural units for generating an elastic behavior while yielding compartments in aerogels to suppress the gaseous fluid thermal diffusion within distinct partitions. The resulting all‐carbon aerogels with a hierarchical cellular structure and quasi‐closed cell walls achieve the best thermomechanical and insulation trade‐off, exhibiting flyweight density (24 mg cm−3), temperature‐constant compressibility (−196–1600 °C), and a low thermal conductivity of 0.04 829 W m−1 K−1 at 300 °C. This strategy provides a remarkable thermal protection material in hostile environments for future aerospace exploration.
Arterial tortuosity in pediatric Loeys‐Dietz syndrome patients
Authors: Brunet‐Garcia Laia , Prabaharan Pirasuja , Bruyndonckx Luc , Field Ella , D'Arco Felice , Capelli Claudio , Cervi Elena 
Published: November 2023

AbstractLoeys‐Dietz syndrome (LDS) is an autosomal connective tissue disorder commonly presenting with hypertelorism, bifid uvula, aortic aneurysms, and arterial tortuosity. The aim of the present study was to investigate differences in tortuosity index (TI) between genotypes of LDS, possible progression over time and its use as an adjunctive prognostic tool alongside aortic dimensions to aid timely surgical planning in pediatric patients. A retrospective observational study of pediatric LDS patients referred to our center (November 2012–February 2021) was conducted. Using magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) with 3D maximum intensity projection volume‐rendered angiogram, arterial TI was measured. Twenty three patients had genetically confirmed LDS with at least one head and neck MRA and 19 had no less than one follow‐up MRA available. All patients presented arterial tortuosity. Patients with TGFBR2 variants had greater values of TI compared to patients with TGFB2 variants (p = 0.041). For patients who did not undergo surgery (n = 18), z‐scores at the level of the sinus of Valsalva showed a significant correlation with vertebral TI (rs = 0.547). There was one death during follow‐up. This study demonstrates that patients with LDS and TGFBR2 variants have greater values of TI than patients with TGFB2 variants and that greatest values of TI are associated with increased aortic root z‐scores. Furthermore, as TI decreases over time, less frequent neuroimaging follow‐up can be considered. Nevertheless, additional studies are needed to better define more accurate risk stratification and long‐term surveillance in these patients.
Halogenated Phenazinothiadiazoles: Electron‐Transporting Materials
Authors: Zong Wansheng , Hippchen Nikolai , Dittmar Benedikt , Elter Maximilian , Ludwig Philipp , Rominger Frank , Freudenberg Jan , Bunz Uwe H. F. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractTriisopropylsilyl‐(TIPS)‐alkynylated phenazinothiadiazoles were prepared by the condensation of halogenated ortho‐quinones and TIPS‐alkynylated 5,6‐diamino‐2,1,3‐benzothiadiazole with different combinations of halogen substituents. The compounds pack in brickwall motif of head‐to‐head dimers featuring intermolecular S−N contacts and short π‐π distances, suggesting their suitability as n‐channel materials in organic thin film transistors. The halogenated phenazinothiadiazoles show electron mobilities μmax ranging between 0.14 cm2 V−1 s−1 and 0.76 cm2 V−1 s−1.
Bromine Substitution Improves the Photothermal Performance of π‐Conjugated Phototheranostic Molecules
Authors: Wan Feiyan , Wang Huan , Gu Ying , Fan Guilin , Hou Shengxin , Yu Jiantao , Wang Mengying , He Feng , Tian Leilei 
Published: November 2023

AbstractNIR‐II fluorescence imaging–guided photothermal therapy (PTT) has been widely investigated due to its great application potential in tumor theranostics. PTT is an effective and non‐invasive tumor treatment method that can adapt to tumor hypoxia; nevertheless, simple and effective strategies are still desired to develop new materials with excellent PTT properties to meet clinical requirements. In this work, we developed a bromine‐substitution strategy to enhance the PTT of A‐D‐A’‐D‐A π‐conjugated molecules. The experimental results reveal that bromine substitution can notably enhance the absorptivity (ϵ) and photothermal conversion efficiency (PCE) of the π‐conjugated molecules, resulting in the brominated molecules generating two times more heat (ϵ808 nm×PCE) than their unsubstituted counterpart. We disclose that the enhanced photothermal properties of bromine‐substituted π‐conjugated molecules are a combined outcome of the heavy‐atom effect, enhanced ICT effect, and more intense bromine‐mediate intermolecular π–π stacking. Finally, the NIR‐II tumor imaging capability and efficient PTT tumor ablation of the brominated π‐conjugated materials demonstrate that bromine substitution is a promising strategy for developing future high‐performance NIR‐II imaging‐guided PTT agents.
Modeling of Gasification of Sewage Sludge for Phosphorus Recovery and Hydrogen Generation
Authors: Stephan Kevin , Gronen Lars , König Hans-Peter , Siemann Uwe , Drissen Peter , Krumm Wolfgang 
Published: November 2023

AbstractDue to the amendment of sewage sludge ordinance in Germany, phosphorus must be recovered from sewage sludge in the future. Previously developed phosphorus recycling processes are not economically viable due to high material and energetic expenditures. Gasification of dried sewage sludge enables the energetic utilization of sewage sludge and provides the energy for phosphorus recovery. The present paper focuses on thermodynamic modeling of the gasification system to demonstrate the potential for holistic utilization of dried sewage sludge as phosphorus fertilizer. The results shows that an energy self‐sufficient, optimized process can be realized for recovery of phosphorus by gasification and subsequent thermo‐chemical treatment of dried sewage sludge.
Electrochemical Reduction of Benzo[b]thiophene 1,1‐Dioxides with HFIP as Hydrogen Donor†
Authors: Guo Ming‐Zhong , Mou Mei‐Jin , Chen Zhuo , Ni Shao‐Fei , Li Ming , Wen Li‐Rong , Zhang Lin‐Bao 
Published: November 2023

Comprehensive SummaryA straightforward electrochemical reduction of benzo[b]thiophene 1,1‐dioxides with HFIP as the hydrogen donor has been reported in an undivided cell under metal‐free conditions. Moreover, the tolerance of various functional groups and scaled‐up experiments showed the practicability and potential applications of this methodology.
Astrocyte ensheathment of calyx‐forming axons of the auditory brainstem precedes accelerated expression of myelin genes and myelination by oligodendrocytes
Authors: Heller Daniel T. , Kolson Douglas R. , Brandebura Ashley N. , Amick Emily M. , Wan Jun , Ramadan Jad , Holcomb Paul S. , Liu Sheng , Deerinck Thomas J. , Ellisman Mark H. , Qian Jiang , Mathers Peter H. , Spirou George A. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractEarly postnatal brain development involves complex interactions among maturing neurons and glial cells that drive tissue organization. We previously analyzed gene expression in tissue from the mouse medial nucleus of the trapezoid body (MNTB) during the first postnatal week to study changes that surround rapid growth of the large calyx of Held (CH) nerve terminal. Here, we present genes that show significant changes in gene expression level during the second postnatal week, a developmental timeframe that brackets the onset of airborne sound stimulation and the early stages of myelination. Gene Ontology analysis revealed that many of these genes are related to the myelination process. Further investigation of these genes using a previously published cell type‐specific bulk RNA‐Seq data set in cortex and our own single‐cell RNA‐Seq data set in the MNTB revealed enrichment of these genes in the oligodendrocyte lineage (OL) cells. Combining the postnatal day (P)6–P14 microarray gene expression data with the previously published P0–P6 data provided fine temporal resolution to investigate the initiation and subsequent waves of gene expression related to OL cell maturation and the process of myelination. Many genes showed increasing expression levels between P2 and P6 in patterns that reflect OL cell maturation. Correspondingly, the first myelin proteins were detected by P4. Using a complementary, developmental series of electron microscopy 3D image volumes, we analyzed the temporal progression of axon wrapping and myelination in the MNTB. By employing a combination of established ultrastructural criteria to classify reconstructed early postnatal glial cells in the 3D volumes, we demonstrated for the first time that astrocytes within the mouse MNTB extensively wrap the axons of the growing CH terminal prior to OL cell wrapping and compaction of myelin. Our data revealed significant expression of several myelin genes and enrichment of multiple genes associated with lipid metabolism in astrocytes, which may subserve axon wrapping in addition to myelin formation. The transition from axon wrapping by astrocytes to OL cells occurs rapidly between P4 and P9 and identifies a potential new role of astrocytes in priming calyceal axons for subsequent myelination.
The maximum of log‐correlated Gaussian fields in random environment
Authors: Schweiger Florian , Zeitouni Ofer 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWe study the distribution of the maximum of a large class of Gaussian fields indexed by a box and possessing logarithmic correlations up to local defects that are sufficiently rare. Under appropriate assumptions that generalize those in Ding et al., we show that asymptotically, the centered maximum of the field has a randomly‐shifted Gumbel distribution. We prove that the two dimensional Gaussian free field on a super‐critical bond percolation cluster with close enough to 1, as well as the Gaussian free field in i.i.d. bounded conductances, fall under the assumptions of our general theorem.
Measuring Greenhouse Gases in Dairy Soils: Innovative Technologies to Advance In‐the‐Field Research
Authors: Boehl Jamie Vander Molen 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis is the third article in our series on soil health and greenhouse gas emissions on U.S. dairies associated with crop production. This article will focus on innovative technologies to advance in‐the‐field research. Earn 1 CEU in Sustainability by reading this article and taking the quiz at https://web.sciencesocieties.org/Learning‐Center/Courses.
What Is a 4R Plant Nutrient?
Authors: Bruulsema Tom , Nigon Leanna Leverich 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWhat is a plant nutrient? For many decades, plant nutrients have been defined by the concept of essentiality. More recently, however, 4R nutrient stewardship has been defined as management that produces sustainable outcomes. Some elements provide benefits even if they are not essential. A new definition of what a plant nutrient is has been proposed and is under consideration by authorities in fertilizer regulation. Earn 1 CEU in Nutrient Management by reading this article and taking the quiz at https://web.sciencesocieties.org/Learning‐Center/Courses.
Relativistic Weibel instability in magneto‐inertial fusion using Krook collision model
Authors: Belghit Slimen , Zaidi Beddiaf 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn this work, we studied the relativistic Weibel instability (RWI) in magneto‐inertial fusion experiment (MIFE); for this, the basic equation in our model is the relativistic Fokker–Planck equation. We solve the dispersion relation of low frequency and deduce the growth rate of RWI. The main results obtained are that the IBA source alone is capable to reduce the RWI, and also the coupling between it and the external magnetic field contributes strongly to achieving a reduction of the RWI, it has been shown clearly that the relativistic effect under this conditions can be decrease the values of growth rate of WI.
Diel activity structures the occurrence of a mammal community in a human‐dominated landscape
Authors: Mayer Amy E. , Ganoe Laken S. , Brown Charles , Gerber Brian D. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAnthropogenic developments alter the environment and resources available to wildlife communities. In response to these real or perceived threats from this development, species may adjust their spatial occurrence. Additionally, wildlife species may adjust when in diel time (24‐h light–dark cycle) they occupy sites on the landscape to adapt to changing conditions. However, many wildlife studies only focus on where a species does and does not occur, ignoring how species may shift their diel activity at sites to mitigate threats. We used a multi‐state diel occupancy modeling framework to investigate how a community of mammals (mesocarnivores, urban‐adapted omnivores, and herbivore/small mammals) respond to differing levels of anthropogenic development and forest cover across two climatic seasons. We collected camera trap data at 240 survey locations across the summer and winter of 2021–2022. We modeled multi‐state diel occupancy for 14 mammal species with extent of development/forest and season hypothesized to influence diel occupancy and season hypothesized to influence the probability of detection. We found that all species displayed heterogeneity in both diel occupancy and detection either by extent of development/forest and or season. Within the mesocarnivore species group, coyote and red fox were less sensitive to development and had higher occupancy probability at these sites in general but used them more during the night, while more sensitive mesocarnivores including fisher and bobcat occupied the day state only when there was increasing forest cover. Our results highlight the importance of incorporating diel activity in habitat modeling to better understand the relationship between a species and its landscape, particularly in a region that is vulnerable to increased anthropogenic pressure.
CuI Coordination Polymer‐Catalyzed Azide–Alkyne Cycloaddition Click Reaction at Room Temperature
Authors: Sahoo Subham , Patra Rajesh , Rom Tanmay , Paul Avijit Kumar , Sarma Debajit 
Published: November 2023

AbstractFramework based compounds for eco‐friendly catalysis is of utmost industrial interest. CuI‐catalyzed “click” reactions are a class of highly efficient and widely used chemical reactions in organic synthesis for potential applications in biotechnology, medicine, polymer, and material sciences. The importance of click chemistry also acknowledge by 2022 Noble Prize in chemistry. One of the most well‐known click reactions is the copper‐catalyzed azide‐alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC), which is a type of Huisgen 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition reaction. Herein, three stable copper(I)‐coordination polymers (CPs), [Cu(4‐ABPT)Cl], CP‐1; [Cu(4‐ABPT)Br], CP‐2; [Cu2(4‐ABPT)0.5I2], CP‐3; (4‐ABPT=3,5‐di(pyridine‐4‐yl)‐4H‐1,2,4‐triazol‐4‐amine) have been chosen for CuAAC reaction, due to presence of both Lewis acidic (copper ion), and basic (pyridyl and amine) sites. The counter anion plays a crucial role in their structural motif as well as catalytic efficiency. These easily synthesizable and scalable catalysts exhibit the trend of CP‐1>CP‐2>CP‐3 in catalysis for the selective conversion of phenylacetylene, benzyl bromide, and sodium azide into 1,4‐cycloaddition product within 2 h at ambient temperature and solvent free reaction conditions. CuAAC reaction using catalyst CP‐1 exhibits near quantitative conversion within 2 h at room temperature in solvent free conditions. Herein, we demonstrated the bulk‐scale synthesis of CuI CPs for efficient azide‐alkyne cycloaddition click reaction under mild reaction conditions.
An embedded obstacle type micromixer‐concentration gradient generator based on capillary driven
Authors: Huang Sisi , Wu Yihao , Wang Yifan , Hu Xiaoling , Song Kui 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAn embedded obstacle‐type micromixer‐concentration gradient generator based on capillary self‐driven is proposed and studied. Herringbone structure (HS) for mixing and palisade‐shape small channels at the outlet are designed in the device (named HS). Simulation and experimentation are done to study the liquid mixing efficiency in the small channels and concentration gradient at the outlet, and the experimental results agree with the simulation results. For three cases of liquid dripping (sequential, reverse, and delayed drippings), mixing analysis shows that the mixing efficiency increases along both mixing channel and palisade length, and is high in the middle small channel of the palisade‐shape area and low on both sides. An obvious concentration gradient at the outlet can form compared with the device without the palisade‐shape area. Finally, water pH value detection is done as one of the applications of HS. This study can provide guidance for the application of HS in biochemical detection, cell research, drug screening, etc. based on the capillary‐driven effect.
Oral intake of carboxy alkyl ester improves attention: A randomized double‐blind cross‐over placebo‐controlled study
Authors: Guthrie O'neil W. , Yang Li 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo test the null hypothesis that oral intake of the dietary supplement carboxy alkyl ester (CAE) would have no effect on attention as revealed by mean rapid visual information processing (RVIP) scores.MethodsIn a randomized double‐blind cross‐over placebo‐controlled trial, healthy participants (age 19–66 years) of both sexes were randomly assigned to consume 700 mg of CAE or 700 mg of placebo. They received baseline attention testing via the RVIP task. Then they consumed CAE or placebo followed by RVIP testing. Participants were then given a washout period where they did not consume CAE or placebo. Afterward, individuals who initially consumed CAE were given the placebo and those who initially consumed the placebo were given CAE. Finally, all participants were tested again via RVIP.ResultsA priori statistical computation revealed that 30‐day oral intake of CAE improved mean RVIP test scores (t = 2.4, p < .05) relative to that at baseline, which resulted in a rejection of the null hypothesis.ConclusionsDaily oral intake of the CAE dietary supplement may boost attention and further research is now needed to confirm this observation.
Attenuation of the contribution of groundwater to a wetland caused by groundwater overexploitation
Authors: Zhou Tianyu , Shu Longcang , Lu Chengpeng , Liu Bo 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe continuous exploitation of groundwater has made wetland degradation an ecological and geological environmental problem that cannot be ignored and has had impacts on the ecological environment and human production and life. In this study, Modflow was used to simulate the wetland‐aquifer interaction during the multiyear pumping process, establish a quasi‐ideal model of wetlands based on the actual area of the Baiyangdian Basin, simulate the relationship of water quantity change between wetlands and piedmont plain aquifers during groundwater exploitation and its natural recovery process, and quantify the attenuation of the contribution of groundwater to wetlands caused by groundwater overexploitation. Two components of wetland water reduction are explored through the simulation and calculation of wetland‐aquifer interactions under different exploitation conditions. The results show that in the process of groundwater exploitation, the impact of groundwater overexploitation on wetland degradation is mainly divided into two parts: one is the reduced base flow from the piedmont plain to the wetland, and the other is the induced infiltration caused by the reverse recharge of groundwater from the wetland due to the pumping effect. Compared with the wetland water reduction during the pumping process, the process of water recovery during the natural recovery process is much slower, which indicates the residual effect of exploitation will continue for a long time. The findings provide a scientific reference for the management of water resources in wetland areas.
Relationship between human herpesvirus 6 infection and inflammatory bowel disease using novel biomarker
Authors: Matsumoto Satohiro , Otaki Yuzo , Yoshida Yukio , Kobayashi Nobuyuki , Oka Naomi , Yanagisawa Hiroyuki , Kondo Kazuhiro 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjectiveInflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is closely related to stress and fatigue. Human herpesvirus 6B (HHV‐6B) is reactivated by stress and fatigue and is associated with IBD. This study aimed to clarify the relationship between IBD and HHV‐6B.MethodsAntibody titers to SITH‐1, a protein specific to HHV‐6B latent infection, were measured in 163 patients with IBD (107 with ulcerative colitis [UC] and 56 with Crohn's disease [CD]); clinical and endoscopic scores and depression scores of UC and CD were analyzed to examine the relationship between SITH‐1 and IBD. The SITH‐1 cut‐off value was set as 1.96, according to known reports.ResultsIn patients with UC, C‐reactive protein (CRP) level was significantly higher (1.5 vs 0.6 mg/L, P = 0.006) and disease exacerbation within 6 months after entry was significantly more common in the SITH‐1 (+) group (20% vs 0%, P < 0.001). In the subanalysis comparing with and without UC exacerbation, the optimal cut‐off value for SITH‐1 to detect UC exacerbation was 3.44 (area under the curve: 0.81; 95% confidence interval: 0.72–0.90). CRP levels, SITH‐1 levels, and disease activity scores by the clinical or endoscopic index were significantly higher in the exacerbation group than in the non‐exacerbation group (2.6 vs 0.9 mg/L, P = 0.03; 4.90 vs 1.71, P < 0.001; 4 vs 3, P = 0.03; 5 vs 3, P = 0.02; respectively).ConclusionPatients with UC with high titers of SITH‐1 have high disease activity and frequent disease exacerbation. SITH‐1 can be associated with UC disease activity.