bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How prices and income influence global patterns in saturated fat intake by age, sex and world region: a cross-sectional analysis of 160 countries
Authors: Ahles Amelia , Muhammad Andrew , Yenerall Jacqueline N , Reedy Julia , Shi Peilin , Zhang Jianyi , Cudhea Frederick , Erndt-Marino Josh , Miller Victoria , Mozaffarian Dariush 
Published: January 2024

ObjectiveWhen considering proposals to improve diets, it is important to understand how factors like price and income can affect saturated fat (SF) intake and demand. In this study, we examine and estimate the influence of price and income on intake across 160 countries, by age and sex, and derive sensitivity measures (price elasticities) that vary by age, sex and world region.DesignWe econometrically estimate intake responsiveness to income and prices across countries, accounting for differences by world region, age and sex. Intake data by age, sex and country were obtained from the 2018 Global Dietary Database. These data were then linked to global price data for select food groups from the World Bank International Comparison Programme and income data from the World Development Indicators Databank (World Bank).ResultsIntake differences due to price were highly significant, with a 1% increase in price associated with a lower SF intake (% energy/d) of about 4.3 percentage points. We also find significant differences across regions. In high-income countries, median (age 40) intake reductions were 1.4, 0.8 and 0.2 percentage points, given a 1% increase in the price of meat, dairy, and oils and fats, respectively. Price elasticities varied with age but not sex. Intake differences due to income were insignificant when regional binary variables were included in the analysis.ConclusionThe results of this study show heterogeneous associations among prices and intake within and across countries. Policymakers should consider these heterogeneous effects as they address global nutrition and health challenges.
Essential healthcare services during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study of community needs and perspectives in West Java, Indonesia
Authors: Kusnadi Gita , Fletcher Emma , Espressivo Aufia , Fitrianingrum Nisaatul Maharanita , Saputra Muhammad Anugrah , Sophiarany Nabilla , Soebagio Febriansyah 
Published: January 2024

ObjectivesWhile issues in healthcare facilities during the COVID-19 pandemic have been widely discussed, little is known about health service issues from community (demand) sides. This study aimed to identify community needs in the utilisation of health services and highlight the key roles and barriers that community health workers (CHWs) face in delivering community-based services during the pandemic.DesignCross-sectional study.Setting38 randomly selected villages covered by 21 preidentified community health centres in 3 districts in West Java, Indonesia. The survey was conducted from 22 January 2022 to 7 February 2022 (2 years after the pandemic began).Participants118 respondents, consisting of community leaders, vulnerable group representatives and CHWs.ResultsLaboratory examination (55.1%), emergency care (52.5%), non-communicable disease screening (50%) and routine treatment (49.2%) were perceived as the highest unmet needs of essential healthcare services. Fear of infection (90.3%) became one main barrier to access healthcare services. Vulnerable populations including lower socioeconomic groups (61.2%), households with elderly (25.4%), persons with disabilities (25.4%), pregnant women, people with mental illness and people with lower education (26.9%) were reported facing difficulties in accessing healthcare services. Further, the pandemic was deemed to have significantly impacted the community economic situation (91.5%). CHWs were actively engaged in community-based services and were mentioned as the first contact when the community needed help (57.6%). CHWs reported essential needs on financial support (45.2%), logistics (54.8%) and protective equipment (22.6%).ConclusionsEssential health services for the community, including those belonging to vulnerable groups, were highly impacted during the pandemic. CHWs appear to have significant roles in delivering health services during this health crisis, hence, adequate support is needed to equip them in strengthening pandemic response.
Non-pharmacological interventions for the reduction and maintenance of blood pressure in people with prehypertension: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Bray Emma P , Georgiou Rachel F , Hives Lucy , Iqbal Nafisa , Benedetto Valerio , Spencer Joseph , Harris Cath , Clegg Andrew , Williams Nefyn , Rutter Paul , Watkins Caroline 
Published: January 2024

IntroductionPrehypertension is defined as blood pressure that is above the normal range but not high enough to be classed as hypertension. Prehypertension is a warning of development of hypertension as well as a risk for cardiovascular disease, heart attack and stroke. In the UK, non-pharmacological interventions are recommended for prehypertension management but no reviews have focused on the effectiveness of these types of interventions solely in people with prehypertension. Therefore, the proposed systematic review will assess the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of non-pharmacological interventions in reducing or maintaining blood pressure in prehypertensive people.Methods and analysisThis systematic review will follow the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. The databases/trial registries that will be searched to identify relevant randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and economic evaluations include Medline, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, CENTRAL, the WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, ClinicalTrials.gov, Cochrane Library, Scopus and the International HTA Database. Search terms have been identified by the team including an information specialist. Three reviewers will be involved in the study selection process. Risk of bias will be evaluated using the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for RCTs and the Consensus Health Economic Criteria list for economic evaluations. Findings from the included studies will be tabulated and synthesised narratively. Heterogeneity will be assessed through visual inspection of forest plots and the calculation of the χ2and I2statistics and causes of heterogeneity will be assessed where sufficient data are available. If possible, we plan to investigate differential effects on specific subgroups and from different types of interventions using meta-regression. Where relevant, the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE) will be used to assess the certainty of the evidence found.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is not needed. Results will be published in a peer-reviewed journal, disseminated via the wider study website and shared with the study sites and participants.Registration detailsThe review is registered with PROSPERO (CRD420232433047).
Effects of indoor air pollution on clinical outcomes in patients with interstitial lung disease: protocol of a multicentre prospective observational study
Authors: Yoon Hee-Young , Kim Sun-Young , Song Jin Woo 
Published: January 2024

BackgroundIdiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic progressive fibrosing interstitial lung disease with a poor prognosis. While there is evidence suggesting that outdoor air pollution affects the clinical course of IPF, the impact of indoor air pollution on patients with IPF has not been extensively studied. Therefore, this prospective multicentre observational study aims to investigate the association between indoor air pollution and clinical outcomes in patients with IPF.Methods and analysisThis study enrolled 140 patients with IPF from 12 medical institutes in the Seoul and Metropolitan areas of the Republic of Korea. Over the course of 1 year, participants visited the institutes every 3 months, during which their clinical data and blood samples were collected. Additionally, indoor exposure to particulate matter ≤2.5 µm (PM2.5) was measured using MicroPEM (RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA) in each participant’s house for 5 days every 3 months. Lung function was assessed using both site spirometry at each institution and portable spirometry at each participant’s house every 3 months. The study will analyse the impact of indoor PM2.5on clinical outcomes, including mortality, acute exacerbation, changes in lung function and health-related quality of life, in the participants. This study represents the first attempt to evaluate the influence of indoor air pollution on the prognosis of patients with IPF.Ethics and disseminationThis study has received approval from the institutional review board of all participating institutions, including Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea (2021-0072).Trial registration numberKCT0006217.
Factors associated with the use of psychedelics, ketamine and MDMA among sexual and gender minority youths in Canada: a machine learning analysis
Authors: Dharma Christoffer , Liu Esther , Grace Daniel , Logie Carmen , Abramovich Alex , Mitsakakis Nicholas , Baskerville Bruce , Chaiton Michael 
Published: January 2024

BackgroundSubstance use is increasing among sexual and gender minority youth (SGMY). This increase may be due to changes in social norms and socialisation, or due to SGMY exploring the potential therapeutic value of drugs such as psychedelics. We identified predictors of psychedelics, MDMA and ketamine use.MethodsData were obtained from 1414 SGMY participants who completed the ongoing longitudinal 2SLGBTQ+ Tobacco Project in Canada between November 2020 to January 2021. We examined the association between 80 potential features (including sociodemographic factors, mental health-related factors and substance use-related factors) with the use of psychedelics, MDMA and ketamine in the past year. Random forest classifier was used to identify the predictors most associated with reported use of these drugs.Results18.1% of participants have used psychedelics in the past year; 21.9% used at least one of the three drugs. Cannabis and cocaine use were the predictors most strongly associated with any of these drugs, while cannabis, but not cocaine use, was the one most associated with psychedelic use. Other mental health and 2SLGBTQ+ stigma-related factors were also associated with the use of these drugs.ConclusionThe use of psychedelics, MDMA and ketamine among 2SLGBTQ+ individuals appeared to be largely driven by those who used them together with other drugs. Depression scores also appeared in the top 10 factors associated with these illicit drugs, suggesting that there were individuals who may benefit from the potential therapeutic value of these drugs. These characteristics should be further investigated in future studies.
Safety and efficacy of adjunctive intra-arterial antithrombotic therapy during endovascular thrombectomy for acute ischemic stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Marei Omar , Podlasek Anna , Soo Emma , Butt Waleed , Gory Benjamin , Nguyen Thanh N , Appleton Jason P , Richard Sébastien , Rice Hal , de Villiers Laetitia , Carraro do Nascimento Vinicius , Domitrovic Luis , McConachie Norman , Lenthall Robert , Nair Sujit , Malik Luqman , Panesar Jasmin , Krishnan Kailash , Bhogal Pervinder , Dineen Robert A , England Timothy J , Campbell Bruce C V , Dhillon Permesh Singh 
Published: January 2024

BackgroundHalf of patients who achieve successful recanalization following endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) for acute ischemic stroke experience poor functional outcome. We aim to investigate whether the use of adjunctive intra-arterial antithrombotic therapy (AAT) during EVT is safe and efficacious compared with standard therapy (ST) of EVT with or without prior intravenous thrombolysis.MethodsElectronic databases were searched (PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library) from 2010 until October 2023. Data were pooled using a random-effects model and reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Risk of bias was assessed using ROBINS-I and ROB-2. The primary outcome was functional independence (modified Rankin Scale (mRS) 0–2) at 3 months. Secondary outcomes were successful recanalization (modified Thrombolysis In Cerebral Infarction (TICI) 2b-3), symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH), and 90-day mortality.Results41 randomized and non-randomized studies met the eligibility criteria. Overall, 15 316 patients were included; 3296 patients were treated with AAT during EVT and 12 020 were treated with ST alone. Compared with ST, patients treated with AAT demonstrated higher odds of functional independence (46.5% AAT vs 42.6% ST; OR 1.22, 95% CI 1.07 to 1.40, P=0.004, I2=48%) and a lower likelihood of 90-day mortality (OR 0.71, 95% CI 0.61 to 0.83, P<0.0001, I2=20%). The rates of sICH (OR 1.00, 95% CI 0.82 to 1.22,P=0.97, I2=13%) and successful recanalization (OR 1.09, 95% CI 0.84 to 1.42, P=0.52, I2=76%) were not significantly different.ConclusionThe use of AAT during EVT may improve functional outcomes and reduce mortality rates compared with ST alone, without an increased risk of sICH. These findings should be interpreted with caution pending the results from ongoing phase III trials to establish the efficacy and safety of AAT during EVT.
Oral health in cancer palliative care: cross-sectional study
Authors: Kudva Adarsh , Ghoshal Arunangshu , Mishra Prachi , John Anupama R , Saran Tarangini , Roy Sreea , Salins Naveen 
Published: January 2024

ObjectivesPatients on anticancer therapy attending palliative care services often have oral health problems, but not enough is known in this regard (in India). This cross-sectional study aimed to elucidate this issue.MethodsParticipants were 98 patients with metastatic cancer (52 males, 46 females) who attended the palliative care clinic and were assessed by a multidisciplinary team consisting of dental health professionals working alongside the palliative care team, between August 2021 and October 2022. Their demographic and medical details were collected from the charts. Details about oral health were assessed using the National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events for dysphagia and xerostomia, Dental Caries Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth (DMFT) index, and the WHO Mucositis scale. Quality of life was assessed using the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Module for Oral Health (EORTC QLQ-OH15).ResultsPatients had an average age of 58 years, with 46.9% having an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group score of 1, and 61 (64.9%) receiving anticancer treatment along with palliative care. Dental issues were prevalent, with 39.5% classified as DMFT score grade 2. Subgroup analysis showed higher mean DMFT scores in head/neck cancers, particularly in those receiving radiation therapy (2.3) versus without (1.7), and older age (p<0.05).ConclusionPatients with cancer on anticancer treatment attending a palliative care clinic, especially those with head/neck cancers and older age, had poor oral health. Further prospective research with a dentist on the team is warranted to assess its impact.
Structural evolutions of MX80 bentonite pellet/powder mixtures under wetting and suction-controlled oedometer loading
Authors: Yang J.W. , Cui Y.J. , Mokni N. 
Published: January 2024

The compression behaviour of MX80 bentonite pellet/powder mixture was investigated by performing suction-controlled oedometer tests. The suction from 113 to 4.2 MPa was imposed by vapour equilibrium technique (VET), and zero suction by water circulation (WC). After instantaneously unloaded from various target vertical stresses, the structural observation was conducted by mercury intrusion porosimetry and micro-computed tomography. Results showed that during wetting, the intra-grain micro- and macro-pores increased due to the swelling of pellets and powder grains. During loading, the variation of intra-grain micro-pores was characterised by the loading effect, while that of intra-grain micro-pores was controlled by the suction and loading effects. The inter-grain pores, for the VET samples, were reduced by the swelling of pellets and powder grains during wetting on one hand, and by the movement of pellets and powder grains during loading on the other hand. For the WC samples, most inter-grain pores were closed during wetting, with a few pores in the top closed by further loading. The global compression of bentonite mixture samples during loading was mainly governed by the filling of inter-grain pores for the VET samples, but controlled by the compression of intra-grain pores for the WC samples.
A plastic scintillation muon veto for sub-Kelvin temperatures
Authors: Erhart A. , Wagner V. , Wex A. , Goupy C. , Lhuillier D. , Namuth E. , Nones C. , Rogly R. , Savu V. , Schwarz M. , Strauss R. , Vivier M. , Abele H. , Angloher G. , Bento A. , Burkhart J. , Canonica L. , Cappella F. , Casali N. , Cerulli R. , Cruciani A. , del Castello G. , del Gallo Roccagiovine M. , Doblhammer A. , Dorer S. , Friedl M. , Garai A. , Ghete V. M. , Hauff D. , Jeanneau F. , Jericha E. , Kaznacheeva M. , Kinast A. , Kluck H. , Langenkämper A. , Lasserre T. , Mancuso M. , Martin R. , Mauri B. , Mazzolari A. , Mazzucato E. , Neyrial H. , Oberauer L. , Ortmann T. , Pattavina L. , Peters L. , Petricca F. , Potzel W. , Pröbst F. , Pucci F. , Reindl F. , Romagnoni M. , Rothe J. , Schermer N. , Schieck J. , Schönert S. , Schwertner C. , Scola L. , Soum-Sidikov G. , Stodolsky L. , Tamisari M. , Tomei C. , Vignati M. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractRare-event search experiments located on-surface, such as short-baseline reactor neutrino experiments, are often limited by muon-induced background events. Highly efficient muon vetos are essential to reduce the detector background and to reach the sensitivity goals. We demonstrate the feasibility of deploying organic plastic scintillators at sub-Kelvin temperatures. For the NUCLEUS experiment, we developed a cryogenic muon veto equipped with wavelength shifting fibers and a silicon photo multiplier operating inside a dilution refrigerator. The achievable compactness of cryostat-internal integration is a key factor in keeping the muon rate to a minimum while maximizing coverage. The thermal and light output properties of a plastic scintillation detector were examined. We report first data on the thermal conductivity and heat capacity of the polystyrene-based scintillator UPS-923A over a wide range of temperatures extending below one Kelvin. The light output was measured down to 0.8 K and observed to increase by a factor of 1.61 ± 0.05 compared to 300 K. The development of an organic plastic scintillation muon veto operating in sub-Kelvin temperature environments opens new perspectives for rare-event searches with cryogenic detectors at sites lacking substantial overburden.
Triad’s consonance and dissonance: combining roughness and compactness models
Authors: Masina Isabella , Lo Presti Giuseppe 
Published: January 2024

AbstractTheories of consonance and dissonance based on the “roughness” approach are those that explain these perceptions as due to the primary beatings between harmonics. Originally proposed by Helmholtz, this approach has been very popular in the last century, being naturally associated to continuous functions of the frequency ratios, on the contrary of theories based on the “compactness” approach. In a previous work, we focused on the roughness consonance and dissonance indicators for dyads, showing the importance of including weight functions and especially secondary beatings. Here, we generalize the roughness indicators to describe the consonance and dissonance for triads. We compare our model predictions with perceptual data from a recent psychoacoustic test by means of a Chi-square analysis. The result is that roughness indicators provide a quite effective, but not fully satisfactory, description of consonance and dissonance for triads. We then study the effect of combining roughness and compactness models for triads: in this case, a very satisfactory agreement with perceptual data is achieved.
EDGE-WIENER INDEX OF SIERPINSKI FRACTAL NETWORKS
Authors: YAO YIQI , DU CAIMIN , XI LIFENG 
Published: January 2024

The edge-Wiener index, an invariant index representing the summation of the distances between every pair of edges in the graph, has monumental influence on the study of chemistry and materials science. In this paper, drawing inspiration from Gromov’s idea, we use the finite pattern method proposed by Wang et al. [Average geodesic distance of Sierpinski gasket and Sierpinski networks, Fractals 25(5) (2017) 1750044] to figure out the exact formula of edge-Wiener index of the Sierpinski fractal networks.
Generating Seed Mappings for Machine Learning-Based Code-to-Architecture Mappers Using InMap
Authors: Sinkala Zipani Tom , Herold Sebastian 
Published: January 2024

Software architecture consistency checking (SACC) is a popular method to detect architecture degradation. Most SACC techniques require software engineers to manually map a subset of entities of a system's implementation onto elements of its intended software architecture. Manually creating such a "seed mapping" for complex systems is a time-consuming activity.
The objective of this paper is to investigate if creating seed mappings semi-automatically based on mapping recommendations for training automatic, machine learning-based mappers can reduce the effort for this task.
To this end, we applied InMap, a highly accurate, interactive code-to-architecture mapping approach, to create seed mappings for five opensource systems with known architectures and mappings. Three different machine learning-based mappers were trained with these seed mappings and analysed regarding their predictive performance. We then compared the manual effort involved in using the combination of InMap and the most accurate automatic mapper and the manual effort of mapping the systems solely with InMap.
The results suggest that InMap, with a minor adaption, can be used to seed an accurate mapper at a size of 20--25% based on Naive Bayes. A full mapping with only InMap though turns out to involve slightly less manual effort on average; this is, however, not consistent across all systems. These results give evidence that more advanced ways of combining automatic mappers with InMap may further reduce that effort.
Detecting changes in land occupation and use (between 1984-2021) using "GEE" and GIS tools: focus on the green structure of the future metropolis of Annaba (north-east Algeria)
Authors: Noui Nassira , Rouag Saffeddine Djamila , Harizi Khaled 
Published: January 2024

Annaba, Algeria's fourth largest city, has acquired national and international importance due to its openness to the Mediterranean Sea. Over the last ten years, its rapid sprawl has continued to exacerbate the situation, leading to increased consumption of space, particularly green structures. The main objective of this study is to assess changes in land use and land cover (LULC) over the last 30 years, focusing on the green structure of the future metropolis.
Google Earth Engine (GEE) was used to explore land cover classification using the random forest algorithm. A spatial model of the main changes in land cover between 1984, 2004 and 2021 was also generated.
The principal drivers of land use change are human activities and urbanization, including fires and land clearing.The spatial pattern of change is mainly due to inappropriate investment policy and uncontrolled urbanisation. This is explained by the main results of the land use conversion processes between 1984 and 2021. The comparison shows a decline in forests and green land, mainly due to conversion to urbanised land, cropland, bare land or other land. Similarly, bare land and other types of land declined over the 1984-2004 period in favour of urbanised or cultivated land. Furthermore, it compromises any possibility of sustainable development at a time when we are facing climate change.