bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differential regulation of Notch signal transduction in leukaemia and lymphoma cells in culture
Authors: Chiaramonte Raffaella , Calzavara Elisabetta , Balordi Francesca , Sabbadini Marta , Capello Daniela , Gaidano Gianluca , Serra Anna , Comi Paola , Sherbet G. V. 
Published: January 2003

AbstractThe transduction of Notch signal plays an intricate role in cell differentiation and pathogenesis of haematological malignancies as well as in certain congenital conditions. We found no genomic changes in either gene in 34 leukaemic samples and 25 leukaemia and lymphoma cell lines. The functionality of Notch signalling was tested using HES1 gene activation. We show that Notch signalling is differentially regulated in T‐acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) and B‐lymphoma cells. The Notch pathway is intact in a majority of B‐lymphoma cell lines, but EBNA2, which mimics notch function, can occasionally activate the pathway. In contrast, the Notch pathway is constitutively active in T‐ALL. This is the first demonstration of a distinction between B‐lymphomas and T‐cell leukaemias in the functioning of the Notch‐signalling pathway. This might be related to their pathogenesis. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Membrane receptors for steroid hormones: Signal transduction and physiological significance
Authors: Nemere Ilka , Pietras Richard J. , Blackmore Peter F. 
Published: January 2003

AbstractMembrane receptors for steroid hormones affect signaling pathways that modulate nuclear function, influence neuronal activity, ion flow, and the circulatory system. Indeed, ‘new’ steroid hormones have been identified by their interaction with membrane‐initiated signaling systems. A brief summary of the FASEB Summer Research Conference devoted to these topics is presented in this mini‐review. In addition, attendees of the meeting propose introduction of the following terminology: membrane‐initiated steroid signaling (MISS) and nuclear‐initiated steroid signaling (NISS) to replace more inaccurate terms in current use. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of activation temperature on pore development in activated carbon produced from palm shell
Authors: Wan Daud Wan Mohd Ashri , Ali Wan Shabuddin Wan , Sulaiman Mohd Zaki 
Published: January 2003

AbstractA series of experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of activation temperature on pore development of activated carbon produced from palm shell. Activation of the samples was carried out at 800, 850 and 900 °C for different durations ranging from 10 to 180 min. The samples were characterized using N2 adsorption for evaluation of micropores and the mercury intrusion technique for mesopore and macropore analysis. Within the range of activation temperatures studied, high burn‐off products derived from high activation temperatures tend to have larger micropore development. However, an increase in the activation temperature has no remarkable effect on mesopore and macropore development.© 2002 Society of Chemical Industry
Mezen Bay—a key area for understanding Weichselian glaciations in northern Russia
Authors: Kjær Kurt H. , Demidov Igor N. , Larsen Eiliv , Murray Andrew , Nielsen Jan K. 
Published: January 2003

AbstractSediment successions in coastal cliffs around Mezen Bay, southeastern White Sea, record an unusually detailed history of former glaciations, interstadial marine and fluvial events from the Weichselian. A regional glaciation model for the Weichselian is based on new data from the Mezen Bay area and previously published data from adjacent areas. Following the Mikulinian (Eemian) interglacial a shelf‐centred glaciation in the Kara Sea is reflected in proglacial conditions at 100–90 ka. A local ice‐cap over the Timan ridge existed between 75 and 65 ka. Renewed glaciation in the Kara Sea spread southwestwards around 60 ka only, interrupted by a marine inundation, before it advanced to its maximum position at about 55–50 ka. After a prolonged ice‐free period, the Scandinavian ice‐sheet invaded the area from the west and terminated east of Mezen Bay about 17 ka. The previously published evidence of a large ice‐dammed lake in the central Arkhangelsk region, Lake Komi, finds no support in this study. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Index sets for ω‐languages
Authors: Czenzer Douglas , Remmel Jeffrey B. 
Published: January 2003

AbstractAn ω‐language is a set of infinite sequences (words) on a countable language, and corresponds to a set of real numbers in a natural way. Languages may be described by logical formulas in the arithmetical hierarchy and also may be described as the set of words accepted by some type of automata or Turing machine. Certain families of languages, such as the $ \Sigma ^0 _2 $ languages, may enumerated as P0, P1, … and then an index set associated to a given property R (such as finiteness) of languages is just the set of e such that Pe has the property. The complexity of index sets for 7 types of languages is determined for various properties related to the size of the language.
Approximate decidability in euclidean spaces
Authors: Hemmerling Armin 
Published: January 2003

AbstractWe study concepts of decidability (recursivity) for subsets of Euclidean spaces ℝk within the framework of approximate computability (type two theory of effectivity). A new notion of approximate decidability is proposed and discussed in some detail. It is an effective variant of F. Hausdorff's concept of resolvable sets, and it modifies and generalizes notions of recursivity known from computable analysis, formerly used for open or closed sets only, to more general types of sets. Approximate decidability of sets can equivalently be expressed by computability of the characteristic functions by means of appropriately working oracle Turing machines. The notion fulfills some natural requirements and is hereditary under canonical embeddings of sets into spaces of higher dimensions. However, it is not closed under binary union or intersection of sets. We also show how the framework of resolvability and approximate decidability can be applied to investigate concepts of reducibility for subsets of Euclidean spaces.
Expansions of ordered fields without definable gaps
Authors: Eivazloo Jafar S. , Moniri Mojtaba 
Published: January 2003

AbstractIn this paper we are concerned with definably, with or without parameters, (Dedekind) complete expansions of ordered fields, i. e. those with no definable gaps. We present several axiomatizations, like being definably connected, in each of the two cases. As a corollary, when parameters are allowed, expansions of ordered fields are o‐minimal if and only if all their definable subsets are finite disjoint unions of definably connected (definable) subsets. We pay attention to how simply (in terms of the quantifier complexity and/or usage of parameters) a definable gap in an expansion is so. Next we prove that over parametrically definably complete expansions of ordered fields, all one‐to‐one definable (with parameters) continuous functions are monotone and open. Moreover, in both parameter and parameter‐free cases again, definably complete expansions of ordered fields satisfy definable versions of the Heine‐Borel and Extreme Value theorems and also Bounded Intersection Property for definable families of closed bounded subsets.
Strongly maximal subgroups determined by elements in interstices
Authors: Bigorajska Teresa 
Published: January 2003

AbstractContinuing the earlier research in [1] and [4] we work out a class of interstices in countable arithmetically saturated models of PA in which selective types are realized and a class of interstices in which 2‐indiscernible types are realized (and hence, there exist elements whose stabilizers are strongly maximal)
Blue‐Light‐Emitting Conjugated Polymers Derived From 2,7‐Carbazoles
Authors: Morin Jean‐François , Boudreault Pierre‐Luc , Leclerc Mario 
Published: January 2003

AbstractBlue‐light‐emitting 2,7‐carbazole‐based conjugated copolymers have been prepared by Yamamoto or Suzuki cross‐coupling reactions. By introducing highly substituted aromatic comonomers, fully soluble high‐molecular‐weight copolymers have been obtained. Moreover, these amorphous polymeric materials exhibit good thermal stability and interesting redox properties. All these features make these new conjugated polymers highly promising for the development of single‐polymer‐layer blue‐light‐emitting diodes.
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Protein expression levels of the Src activating protein AFAP are developmentally regulated in brain
Authors: Clump David A. , Clem Roger , Qian Yong , Guappone‐Koay Anne , Berrebi Albert S. , Flynn Daniel C. 
Published: January 2003

AbstractThe Src family of nonreceptor tyrosine kinases plays an important role in modulating signals that affect growth cone extension, neuronal differentiation, and brain development. Recent reports indicate that the Src SH2/SH3 binding partner AFAP‐110 has the capacity to modulate actin filament integrity as a cSrc activating protein and as an actin filament bundling protein. Both AFAP‐110 and a brain specific isoform called AFAP‐120 (collectively referred to as AFAP) exist at high levels in chick embryo brain. We sought to identify the localization of AFAP in mouse brain in order to identify its expression pattern and potential role as a cellular modulator of Src family kinase activity and actin filament integrity in the brain. In E16 mouse embryos, AFAP expression levels were very high and concentrated in the olfactory bulb, cortex, forebrain, cerebellum, and various peripheral sensory structures. In P3 mouse pups, overall expression was reduced compared to E16 embryos, and AFAP was found primarily in olfactory bulb, cortex, and cerebellum. AFAP expression levels were significantly reduced in adult mice, with high expression levels only detected in the olfactory bulb. Western blot analysis indicated that concentrated expression of AFAP correlates well with the AFAP‐120 isoform, which appears to be a splice variant of AFAP‐110. As the expression pattern of AFAP overlaps with the reported expression patterns of cSrc and Fyn, we hypothesize that AFAP is positioned to modulate signal transduction cascades that direct activation of these nonreceptor tyrosine kinases and concomitant cellular changes that occur in actin filaments during brain development. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Neurobiol 54: 473–485, 2003
PDGF and FGF2 regulate oligodendrocyte progenitor responses to demyelination
Authors: Frost Emma E. , Nielsen Joseph A. , Le Tuan Q. , Armstrong Regina C. 
Published: January 2003

AbstractAcute demyelination of adult CNS, resulting from trauma or disease, is initially followed by remyelination. However, chronic lesions with subsequent functional impairment result from eventual failure of the remyelination process, as seen in multiple sclerosis. Studies using animal models of successful remyelination delineate a progression of events facilitating remyelination. A universal feature of this repair process is extensive proliferation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPs) in response to demyelination. To investigate signals that regulate OP proliferation in response to demyelination we used murine hepatitis virus‐A59 (MHV‐A59) infection of adult mice to induce focal demyelination throughout the spinal cord followed by spontaneous remyelination. We cultured glial cells directly from demyelinating and remyelinating spinal cords using conditions that maintain the dramatically enhanced OP proliferative response prior to CNS remyelination. We identify PDGF and FGF2 as significant mitogens regulating this proliferative response. Furthermore, we demonstrate endogenous PDGF and FGF2 activity in these glial cultures isolated from demyelinated CNS tissue. These findings correlate well with our previous demonstration of increased in vivo expression of PDGF and FGF2 ligand and corresponding receptors in MHV‐A59 lesions. Together these studies support the potential of these pathways to function in vivo as critical factors in regulating remyelination. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Neurobiol 54: 457–472, 2003
Ethological methods to develop nursing knowledge
Authors: Warnock Fay F. , Allen Marion 
Published: January 2003

AbstractResearchers from various fields use ethological methods to systematically observe, describe, and measure animal and human nonverbal behavior. The purpose of this article is to argue that their application in nursing will benefit development of descriptive‐level knowledge about complex behavioral phenomena. To advance the argument for applying these methods in nursing, we examine the compatibility of the philosophical assumptions underlying ethology with nursing, assess if ethology can help nursing achieve some of its aims, and determine the benefits of using ethology when observation of a phenomenon is required. Neonatal pain is used to illustrate how ethology can be used to develop descriptive‐level nursing knowledge and midrange theory. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Res Nurs Health 26:74–84, 2003
Degradable poly(ethylene oxide) hydrogels formed by crosslinking with tert‐butylperoxybenzoate
Authors: Emami Shahriar Hojjati , Salovey Ronald , Hogen‐Esch Thieo E. 
Published: January 2003

AbstractPoly(ethylene oxide) (PEO, number‐average molecular weight: 2,000,000) was crosslinked by reaction with t‐butylperoxybenzoate in the melt. Upon swelling in water, the resulting hydrogels were acidic and suggested clear evidence of spontaneous hydrolysis that continued over periods of several weeks to give clear and low‐viscosity aqueous solutions of PEO oligomers. In contrast, in neutral media the gels did not show any signs of hydrolysis. As shown by UV, IR, and size exclusion chromatographic analysis, the PEO hydrolysis products consist of benzoic acid and hydroxyl‐ and carboxyl end‐functionalized low‐molecular‐weight PEOs. This is consistent with the acid‐catalyzed hydrolysis of acetal‐, orthoester‐, and similar end‐functionalized PEOs formed by radical coupling of various PEO radicals with benzoate, alkoxy, and other radicals. Titration of the hydrolysis mixtures indicated that the total molar amount of acid exceeds that of the maximum amount of benzoic acid produced during gel formation. However, the amount of benzoic acid equaled this maximum amount. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 41: 520–527, 2003
Novel side‐chain liquid‐crystalline polyimide for film materials
Authors: Fan Haojun , Gu Yi , Xie Meili 
Published: January 2003

AbstractA novel side‐chain liquid‐crystalline polyimide (SLCPI) was prepared via copolycondensation from 3,5‐diamino‐benzonic‐4′‐biphenyl ester, 4,4′‐diamino‐ biphenyl ether, and 3,3′,4,4′‐oxydiphthalic dianhydride. The energy‐minimized structure and liquid crystallinity of SLCPI were investigated by molecular modeling, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), wide‐angle X‐ray scattering, and polarized optical microscopy, respectively. The results indicated that this polyimide (PI) with side‐chain mesogenic units exhibited a nematic NI phase. Because of the in situ self‐reinforcement of side‐chain mesogenic units, the improved tensile strength and modulus of PI films reached 270% and 300%, respectively. The coefficient of thermal expansion of films decreased by 40%. DSC and thermogravimetric analyses indicated that the phase‐transition temperature of SLCPI was above 240 °C, and the 5% weight‐loss temperature was above 520 °C. Moreover, copolycondensation of two diamines with dianhydride and incorporation of pendent mesogenic units diminished the regularity and symmetry of main chains; as a result, SLCPI exhibits good film processability. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 41: 554–559, 2003
Synthesis of branched polyethylenes by the tandem catalysis of silica‐supported linked cyclopentadienyl‐amido titanium catalysts and a homogeneous dibromo nickel catalyst having a pyridylimine ligand
Authors: Musikabhumma Kittichote , Spaniol Thomas P. , Okuda Jun 
Published: January 2003

AbstractThe synthesis of branched polyethylenes by ethylene polymerization with new tandem catalyst systems consisting of methylaluminoxane‐preactivated linked cyclopentadienyl‐amido titanium catalysts [Ti(η5:η1‐C5Me4SiMe2NR)Cl2 (R = Me or tBu)] supported on pyridylethylsilane‐modified silica (PySTiNMe and PySTiNtBu) and homogeneous dibromo nickel catalyst having a pyridyl‐2,6‐diisopropylphenylimine ligand (PyminNiBr2) in the presence of modified methylaluminoxane was investigated. Ethylene polymerization with only PyminNiBr2 yielded a mixture of 1‐ and 2‐olefin oligomers with methyl branches [weight‐average molecular weight (Mw) ∼ 460)] with a ratio of about 1:7. By the combination of this nickel catalyst with PySTiNtBu, polyethylenes with long‐chain branches (Mw = 15,000–50,000) were produced. No incorporation of 2‐olefin oligomers was observed in the 13C NMR spectra. Unexpectedly, the combination of the nickel catalyst with PySTiNMe produced lower molecular weight polyethylenes with only methyl branches. The molecular weight distributions of branched polyethylenes obtained with both PySTiNMe and PySTiNtBu combined with the nickel catalyst were broad (weight‐average molecular weight/number‐average molecular weight < 9). Bimodal gel permeation chromatography (GPC) curves were clearly observed in the PySTiNMe system, whereas GPC curves with small shoulders in low molecular weight areas were observed for PySTiNtBu. The synthesis of branched polyethylenes with tandem catalyst systems of corresponding homogeneous titanium catalysts and the nickel catalyst was also investigated for comparison. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 41: 528–544, 2003
Hyperbranched polyethers by ring‐opening polymerization: Contribution of activated monomer mechanism
Authors: Kubisa Przemysław 
Published: January 2003

AbstractPropagation in the cationic ring‐opening polymerization of cyclic ethers involves nucleophilic attack of oxygen atoms from the monomer molecules on the cationic growing species (oxonium ions). Such a mechanism is known as the active chain‐end mechanism. If hydroxyl groups containing compounds are present in the system, oxygen atoms of HO groups may compete with cyclic ether oxygen atoms of monomer molecules in reaction with oxonium ions. At the proper conditions, this reaction may dominate, and propagation may proceed by the activated monomer mechanism, that is, by subsequent addition of protonated monomer molecules to HO terminated macromolecules. Both mechanisms may contribute to the propagation in the cationic polymerization of monomers containing both functions (i.e., cyclic ether group and hydroxyl groups) within the same molecule. In this article, the mechanism of polymerization of three‐ and four‐membered cyclic ethers containing hydroxymethyl substituents is discussed in terms of competition between two possible mechanisms of propagation that governs the structure of the products—branched polyethers containing multiple terminal hydroxymethyl groups. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 41: 457–468, 2003
Ground‐ and excited‐states reactivity dynamics of hydrogen and helium atoms
Authors: Chattaraj P. K. , Sarkar U. 
Published: January 2003

AbstractDynamic profiles of various reactivity parameters like hardness, chemical potential, polarizability, phase volume, and electrophilicity index are studied in gaining insights into the ground‐ (n = 1) and excited‐ (n = 15) states dynamics of hydrogen and helium atoms. Pertinent time‐dependent Schrödinger equations are solved for the ground and excited states of hydrogen atom and the Rydberg state of the helium atom while a generalized nonlinear Schrödinger equation is solved for the ground state of the helium atom, all interacting with external electric fields of different frequencies and intensities. For both the atoms ground states are more stable than the corresponding excited states. Hardness and phase volume can be used as diagnostics for the chaotic ionization from the Rydberg states of those atoms. Other quantities like higher‐order harmonics also lend additional support. Dynamic variants of the maximum hardness and minimum polarizability principles are found to be operative. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2003
Self‐reflective synergetics
Authors: Knyazeva Helena 
Published: January 2003

AbstractAn attempt to critically analyse the claims of the theory of self‐organization of complex systems (synergetics) to the interdisciplinary generalizations and the universal efficacy of its models is made in the paper. The grounds for transfer of synergetic models to different disciplinary fields are under discussion. It is argued that synergetics is a mental scheme or a heuristic approach to exploring the complex behaviour of systems, rather than a universal key to solving concrete scientific problems. The prospects for development and the possible future of synergetics in the coming decades are estimated. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Estrogen levels and estrogen receptors in patients with stress urinary incontinence and pelvic organ prolapse
Authors: Lang J.H. , Zhu L. , Sun Z.J. , Chen J. 
Published: January 2003

AbstractObjectives: To investigate the histologic characteristics of tissues presumed to be the cause of urinary stress incontinence and pelvic organ prolapse. Methods: Cardinal ligament and uterosacral ligament samples were obtained from 73 women undergoing hysterectomy. The evaluation of estrogen receptors (ERs) by immunohistochemical staining was semi‐quantitative. Serum estrogen was determined by ELISA. Statistical analyses were performed by the independent‐sample t‐test and one‐way ANOVA. Results: Serum estradiol levels and ER values in the premenopausal women with pelvic organ prolapse were significantly lower than in the control group (P<0.01). A positive correlation was found between ERs and the number of postmenopausal years (P<0.01). ER values were similar in the cardinal and uterosacral ligaments. Conclusions: Serum estrogen levels and ER values are significantly lower in the uterine ligaments of premenopausal women with pelvic organ prolapse, and there was a positive correlation between ER values in the uterine ligaments and the duration of postmenopausal years. Serum estrogen levels and ER values were similar in the cardinal ligament and the uterosacral ligament.
Myocardial hypertrophy of the recipient twins in twin‐to‐twin transfusion syndrome and cerebral palsy
Authors: Hyodo H.M. , Unno N. , Masuda H. , Watanabe T. , Kozuma S. , Taketani Y. 
Published: January 2003

AbstractObjectives: This study was performed to determine risk factors for cerebral palsy (CP) in monochorionic twins, especially with twin‐to‐twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS). Methods: In 33 pathologically confirmed monochorionic pregnancies, we analyzed the incidence of cardiovascular and neurological complications. Results: Seventeen cases were diagnosed as TTTS. Myocardial hypertrophy was detected in seven recipient twins of TTTS, but not found in the donor twins of TTTS or in non‐TTTS. CP developed in six out of 29 in TTTS and one out of 32 in non‐TTTS. In TTTS, all the cases with CP were seen in the recipient twins. The development of CP was significantly associated with cardiovascular complications such as myocardial hypertrophy and hydropic changes. Conclusions: Myocardial hypertrophy found in the recipient twins in TTTS seems to be a risk for developing CP later on, which may have implications in understanding the pathogenesis of CP.