bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pyrido[3,4-c]Thiazoles through Combined Palladium-Catalysed Coupling of 2-Substituted-5-acetyl-4-thiazolyltriflates with Alkynes/Annulation Reactions
Authors: Arcadi Antonio , Attanasi Orazio A , Guidi Barbara , Rossi Elisabetta , Santeusanio Stefania 
Published: May 2003

Abstract
2-Substituted-5-acetyl-4-thiazolyltriflates give in good yields functionalised pyrido[3,4-c]thiazoles through combined palladium-catalysed coupling with 1-alkynes/6-endo-dig annulation reactions in the presence of ammonia.
Substitution Effect on the Coloration Quantum Yield of a Photochromic Bisbenzothienylethene
Authors: Uchida Kingo , Tsuchida Eriko , Aoi Yoshifumi , Nakamura Shinichiro , Irie Masahiro 
Published: May 2003

Abstract
Introduction of isopropyl substituents to 2 and 2′ positions of benzothiophene rings of bis(1-benzothiophen-3-yl)hexa-fluorocyclopentene increased the population of anti-parallel conformation, and enhanced the quantum yield of the cyclization reaction.
Elongated H-H in trans-[Os(η2-H2)en2Cl]Cl
Authors: Hasegawa Tai , Li Zaiwei , Taube Henry 
Published: May 2003

Abstract
The structure of trans-[Os(η2-H2)en2Cl]Cl has been determined by X-ray analysis of a crystal at 118(2) K. A study of the two independent crystals confirms the trans arrangement. In both crystals the H-H bonds orientate along the N-Os axis and the H-H distances are in the mid-range between those of dihydride compounds and of dihydrogen.
Chiral Lewis Acid Catalysis in Aqueous Media. Catalytic Asymmetric Aldol Reactions of Silyl Enol Ethers with Aldehydes in a Protic Solvent Including Water
Authors: Kobayashi Shu , Nagayama Satoshi , Busujima Tsuyoshi 
Published: May 2003

Abstract
Chiral copper(II)-catalyzed asymmetric aldol reactions of silyl enol ethers with aldehydes have been successfully carried out in a water-ethanol solution. The use of the protic solvent including water is essential in these reactions, and this report has proposed and demonstrated a new concept for solvents in catalytic asymmetric aldol reactions.
A Novel Rearrangement of Chromium Allyloxy(aryl)carbene Complexes Catalyzed by Pd(0)
Authors: Sakurai Hidehiro , Tanabe Katsuhiko , Narasaka Koichi 
Published: May 2003

Abstract
Chromium allyloxy(aryl)carbene complexes undergo formal [2,3]- or [1,2]-sigmatropic rearrangement by the catalytic use of Pd(PPh3)4 under CO atmosphere. The reaction is considered to proceed via palladium aroyl π-allyl complex, which is converted to the corresponding aryl ketones by reductive elimination.
Photochemistry Determined by Light Propagation. Part 1 Three-dimensional Photomanipulation of Self-organized Azobenzenes in Liquid-Crystalline Polymers
Authors: Ichimura Kunihiro , Han Mina , Morino Shin-ya 
Published: May 2003

Abstract
Clear-cut observation of the reorientation and self-organization of azobenzene chromophores to the propagation direction of actinic light is described, using spin-cast thin films of a liquid crystalline azobenzene polymer.
A Light Induced Change in Cholesteric Pitch by Photoracemization of a Chiral Pyrenyl Sulfoxide
Authors: Tsurutani Yasuyuki , Machida Shinjiro , Horie Kazuyuki 
Published: May 2003

Abstract
A cholesteric phase of 4′-pentyl-4-biphenyl carbonitrile (5CB) doped with (R)-(+)-1-pyrenyl-4-tolyl sulfoxide (1) was observed. Changes in a cholesteric pitch, p, in the liquid crystalline phase was induced by photoracemization and agreed with a theoretical line. A helical twisting power, βM, of 1 in 5CB was obtained to be −1.1 μm−1 M−1. Anisotropy factor, g, of 1 in acetonitrile was determined to be 2.1 × 10−3 at 375 nm and 2.9 × 10−3 at 302 nm.
High Sensitive Oxygen Sensor Based on Quenching of Triplet-triplet Absorption of Fullerene C60-Polystyrene Film
Authors: Amao Yutaka , Asai Keisuke , Okura Ichiro 
Published: May 2003

Abstract
New optical oxygen sensor based on the quenching of triplet-triplet (T-T) absorption of fullerene (C60) molecules by oxygen using laser flash photolysis has been developed. The lifetime of T-T absorption of C60 in polystyrene decreases with an increase of oxygen concentrations. A Stern-Volmer plot of C60 exhibits considerable linearity (r2 = 0.999) and Ksv is estimated to be 0.50 %−1, indicating that C60 film is high sensitive oxygen sensor.
Direct Imaging of Concentration Profile over Interdigitated Dot Electrodes
Authors: Rashkov Rashko S , Aogaki Ryoichi , Nakabayashi Seiichiro 
Published: May 2003

Abstract
Time evolution of spherical diffusion layer over dot electrodes was observed by Mach-Zehnder laser interferometer. The current response of those interdigitated dot electrodes was varied by the geometry of the electrode. The interferograms explained this in terms of the variation of the convective ion flux under the gravitational field.
Electrophoretic Deposition of Copper Phthalocyanine from Trifluoroacetic Acid-Dichloromethane Mixed Solution
Authors: Yamanouchi Hiroaki , Irie Kazunobu , Saji Tetsuo 
Published: May 2003

Abstract
The formation of a copper phthalocyanine (1) thin film was carried out using a trifluoroacetic acid (2)/dichloromethane mixed solution containing protonated copper phthalocyanines. A blue film was formed on the cathodic plate with short time deposition by electrophoretic deposition using this solution. Scanning electron micrographs showed that this film is composed of fibrous crystallites.
Azobenzene-Appended Oligonucleotides Form Unexpectedly Stable Triple-Helixes
Authors: Asanuma Hiroyuki , Yoshida Takayuki , Liang Xingguo , Komiyama Makoto 
Published: May 2003

Abstract
Modified oligo(T)s carrying an azobebzene at the 5′-ends form unexpectedly stable triple-helixes with oligo(A)/oligo(T) double-helix. The triplex-stabilizing activity of the azobenzene is comparable with (or greater than) that of thymine.
Asymmetric Electrosynthesis of Amino Acid Using an Electrode Modified with Amino Acid Oxidase and Electron Mediator
Authors: Kawabata Susumu , Iwata Naoko , Yoneyama Hitoshi 
Published: May 2003

Abstract
Asymmetric synthesis of amino acid has been successfully achieved by electrochemical reduction of keto acid using an electrode on which amino acid oxidase and electron mediator are immobilized. The enantiomer excess closing to 100% was obtained.
A Safe Low Temperature Route to Nanocrystalline Transition Metal Arsenides
Authors: Xie Yi , Lu Jun , Yan Ping , Jiang Xuchuan , Qian Yitai 
Published: May 2003

Abstract
Nanocrystalline FeAs, CoAs and NiAs were prepared by keeping the mixture of FeCl3, CoCl2 or NiCl2 with arsenic and KBH4 in ethylenediamine (en) at 100 °C for 4 h, respectively. X-Ray powder diffraction (XRD) patterns and transmission electron microscope (TEM) images show that the products are orthorhombic FeAs, CoAs and hexagonal NiAs, respectively, and all are well crystalline in nanometers.
Synthesis of Bis(2-hydroxynaphthamide) Derivatives Behaving as a Fluorophore for Anions
Authors: Yoshida Hiroaki , Saigo Kazuhiko , Hiratani Kazuhisa 
Published: May 2003

Abstract
Bis(2-hydroxynaphthamide) derivatives have been synthesized via tandem Claisen rearrangement in high yields. These compounds are found to make complexes with anions and emit luminescence, serving as anion sensing fluorophores.
Enhanced Expression of Foreign Gene Transferred to Mammalian Cells in vitro Using Chemically Modified Poly(l-lysine)s as Gene Carriers
Authors: Yamaoka Tetsuji , Kimura Tsuyoshi , Iwase Reiko , Murakami Akira 
Published: May 2003

Abstract
Poly(l-lysine) (PL) is chemically modified on the basis of the commonly essential structures of effective gene carriers, which we previously found, in order to improve the insufficient gene-transferring efficacy of PL. The PL-derivatives were then subjected to gene transfer with the osmotic shock procedure. Poly(Nε-trimethyl-l-lysine-co-serine) (PtmLS) showed much higher transient gene expression than PL with low cytotoxicity while poly(Nε-trimethyl-l-lysine) and poly(l-lysine-co-serine) did not. These results strongly support the importance of both of the nonionic hydrophilic groups and quaternary ammonium groups of the gene carriers.
Enantioseparation by Using Chitin Phenylcarbamates as Chiral Stationary Phases for High-Performance Liquid Chromatography
Authors: Yamamoto Chiyo , Hayashi Tomoko , Okamoto Yoshio , Kobayashi Shiro 
Published: May 2003

Abstract
Three chitin derivatives, 3,6-bis(phenylcarbamate), 3,6-bis(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate), and 3,6-bis(3,5-dichlorophenylcarbamate), were prepared and their chiral recognition abilities as chiral stationary phases (CSPs) for high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were evaluated. Among the three, the 3,5-dimethyl- and 3,5-dichlorophenylcarbamates showed a relatively high chiral recognition ability. Especially, some chiral acidic drugs such as ibuprofen and ketoprofen were efficiently resolved on the 3,5-dichlorophenylcarbamate.
An Efficient and Selective Oxidation of Benzylic Alcohols to the Corresponding Carbonyl Compounds under Solvent-Free Conditions
Authors: Hajipour Abdol Reza , Mallakpour Shadpour E , Mohammadpoor-Baltork Iraj , Khoee Sepideh 
Published: May 2003

Abstract
1-Benzyl-4-aza-1-azoniabicyclo[2.2.2]octanedichromate is a useful reagent for selective oxidation of benzylicalcohols and α-hydroxy ketones to the corresponding carbonyl compounds. The reaction was carried out under solvent-free conditions without or in the presence of a catalytic amount of aluminum chloride.
The Trityl Tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate Catalyzed Stereoselective Glycosylation Using New Glycosyldonor, 3,4,6-Tri-O-benzyl-2-O-p-toluoyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl Phenylcarbonate
Authors: Takeuchi Kazuya , Tamura Takayuki , Mukaiyama Teruaki 
Published: May 2003

Abstract
The trityl tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate [TrB(C6F5)4] catalyzed stereoselective synthesis of various disaccharides was successfully carried out by treating a new 2-O-acyl-protected glycosyl donor, 3,4,6-tri-O-benzyl-2-O-p-toluoyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl phenylcarbonate, with several glycosyl acceptors, thioglycosides, affording the corresponding disaccharides in high yields.
Synthesis of 1-Alkenylboronic Esters via Palladium-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling Reaction of Bis(pinacolato)diboron with 1-Alkenyl Halides and Triflates
Authors: Takahashi Kou , Takagi Jun , Ishiyama Tatsuo , Miyaura Norio 
Published: May 2003

Abstract
The synthesis of 1-alkenylboronic acid pinacol esters via the palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction of 1-alkenyl halides or triflates with bis(pinacolato)diboron [(Me4C2O2)B-B(O2C2 Me4)] was carried out in toluene at 50 °C in the presence of potassium phenoxide (1.5 equivalents) and PdCl2(PPh3)2·2PPh3 (3 mol%).
Preparation of a Soluble Precursor by an Aminolysis Reaction of Zr(NEt2)4 and Its Pyrolytic Conversion into ZrN
Authors: Cheng Fei , Sugahara Yoshiyuki , Kuroda Kazuyuki 
Published: May 2003

Abstract
A novel soluble precursor with a Zr-N-Zr backbone structure was prepared by an aminolysis reaction of Zr(Net2)4 with PriNH2. Pyrolysis of the precursor under NH3-N2 atmospheres led to the formation of ZrN as a main crystalline phase with a ceramic yield of 45.2%. Aggregated particles consisting of very minute particles with diameters of 50-300 nm were obtained.
Reduction of Molybdenum(V) Chloride with Various Reducing Metals: Reactivity Correlations with the Descendant Lewis Acids
Authors: Hara Ryuichiro , Guo Qiaoxia , Takahashi Tamotsu 
Published: May 2003

Abstract
Reactivity of low-valent molybdenum prepared from MoCl5 with various reducing metals in DME, was dependent on the reducing metals in the order of Al &gt; Sn, In &gt; Zn, Mg, Li in the case of cyclotrimerization of alkynes. This order is parallel to the acidity of the descendant Lewis acids.
Catalytic Activity of Ir for NO-CO Reaction in the Presence of SO2 and Excess Oxygen
Authors: Ogura Masaru , Kawamura Aya , Matsukata Masahiko , Kikuchi Eiichi 
Published: May 2003

Abstract
Catalytic performance of Ir catalysts for reduction of nitric oxide with carbon monoxide in the presence of SO2 and excess oxygen was investigated. NO was selectively reduced with CO on Ir/silicalite in an oxidizing atmosphere containing 1% to 10% O2 in the temperature range of 300-500 °C. The catalytic activity was scarcely influenced by 150 ppm SO2.
Palladium Homobimetallic Complexes with Bridging π-Conjugated Ligands
Authors: Moriuchi Toshiyuki , Bandoh Seiji , Kamikawa Masayuki , Hirao Toshikazu 
Published: May 2003

Abstract
The palladium homobimetallic complexes 2a and 2b with a bridging π-conjugated molecule, N,N′-bis(4′-pyridylmethylidene)-1,4-phenylenediamine (L2a) and 2′-pyridyl derivative L2b, were respectively synthesized and characterized by X-ray crystal structure analysis and cyclic voltammetry. 1H-NMR of 2b indicates the five-coordinate geometry on the palladium center.
Tandem Aldol-Reduction Reaction of Dimethylsilyl Enolates: A New Method for Stereoselective Preparation of 1,3-Diols
Authors: Miura Katsukiyo , Nakagawa Takahiro , Suda Shuntaro , Hosomi Akira 
Published: May 2003

Abstract
In the presence of a catalytic amount of TBAF (Bu4NF), dimethylsilyl enolates derived from acyclic ketones reacted with aldehydes to give syn,syn-1,3-diols 7a and 8a with moderate to high diastereoselectivity. The stereochemical outcome can be attributed to a syn-selective aldol reaction and the subsequent 1,2-syn-selective intramolecular reduction.
Three-Dimensional Interpenetrating Network of [Ag2(hmt)(NO3)2]n
Authors: Bu Wei-Ming , Ye Ling , Fan Yu-Guo 
Published: May 2003

Abstract
The neutral network of [Ag2(hmt)(NO3)2]n was prepared and characterized by X-ray diffraction studies which reveal a novel interpenetrating three-dimensional framework based both on the metal ions bound to µ4-hmt ligands and anions bonding mode. The anion bridges give a unique helical cylinder structure motif.
The Effect of Hairpin DNA Fragments on Escherichia coli Poly(U)-Dependent Poly(Phe) Synthesis
Authors: Yoshizawa Satoko , Watanabe Kimitsuna , Miura Kin-ichiro , Hirao Ichiro 
Published: May 2003

Abstract
In the poly(U)-dependent poly(Phe) synthesis, we found that small hairpin DNA fragments overcome the decline in the translation efficiency caused by an excess amount of E. coli tRNAPhe. Of these fragments, hairpin DNAs with similar sequences to the unmodified D-arm or TΨC-arm of tRNAPhe were most effective.
Selective Hydrolysis of 4-Nitrophenyl Phosphate by a Dinuclear Cu(II) Complex
Authors: Kim Jung Hee 
Published: May 2003

Abstract
A flexible dinuclear Cu(II) complex with 1,3-bis(1,4,7-triaza-1-cyclononyl)propane, hydrolyzes 4-nitrophenyl phosphate under mild conditions, with 300 times rate enhancement over the corresponding mononuclear Cu(II) complex. In contrast, there is no difference in the reactivity in hydrolyzing bis(4-nitrophenyl)phosphate.
Effect of the Polymer Concentration on the Interactions of Water-Soluble Polymers with Metal Ions
Authors: Rivas Bernabé L , Moreno-Villoslada Ignacio 
Published: May 2003

Abstract
Despite poly(allylamine) forms a complex with Ni2+ with three amino groups in the coordination sphere of the metal ion, the corresponding formation constant is of order one considering the polymer concentration. This supports the idea of the existence of polymeric domains with local high and nearly constant ligand concentration. Analogous behavior is found for the system poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) with Pb2+.
Palladium-Catalyzed Synthesis of α-Diketones from Acylchromates, Iodoarenes, and Carbon Monoxide
Authors: Sakurai Hidehiro , Tanabe Katsuhiko , Narasaka Koichi 
Published: May 2003

Abstract
A three-component coupling of tetramethylammonium pentacarbonyl(acyl)chromates, aryl iodides, and CO takes place under CO atmosphere in the presence of a catalytic amount of Pd(PPh3)4 to afford the corresponding unsymmetrical α-diketones in good yield. By performing the reaction under argon atmosphere, unsymmetrical ketones are prepared instead of α-diketones.
Molecular Formula Determination of Constituents in Arabian Mix Vacuum Residue by Electrospray Ionization Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Miyabayashi Keiko , Suzuki Keita , Teranishi Toshiharu , Naito Yasuhide , Tsujimoto Kazuo , Miyake Mikio 
Published: May 2003

Abstract
Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry equipped with electrospray ionization (ESI FT ICR MS) was successfully applied to determine molecular formulas of components in Arabian mix vacuum residue (AM-VR) by measurement of highly accurate m/z values of molecular ions and analysis of spectral pattern without any pre-separation procedures.
Promotional Effect of Noble Metal to Co-based Fischer-Tropsch Catalysts Prepared from Mixed Cobalt Salts
Authors: Sun Shouli , Tsubaki Noritatsu , Fujimoto Kaoru 
Published: May 2003

Abstract
Addition of very small amount of Ru, Pt and Pd exhibited great effect on the Co-based catalysts prepared by mixing impregnation of cobalt (II) nitrate and cobalt (II) acetate. Added small amount of Ru to this kind of catalyst showed extremely high activity, while no apparent CH4 selectivity change was observed. However, added Pt and Pd hardly exerted effect on the activity of Co-based catalyst, but increased CH4 selectivity remarkably.
Remarkably Slow Aggregation of a Styrylpyrazine Amphiphile in Aqueous Dispersion
Authors: Park Jong-mok , Zhang Wanbin , Nakatsuji Yohji , Majima Tetsuro , Ikeda Isao 
Published: May 2003

Abstract
Styrylpyrazine amphiphile 1 in aqueous dispersion showed a remarkably slow aggregation process. Evidence supporting the “translation” layered structure of 1 having face-to-face stacking in the aggregate was obtained by the blue-shifted fluorescence spectra by the aggregation in contrast with the red-shift for stilbene amphiphile 2.
Low Symmetrical Phthalocyanines Having Spectroscopic and Electrochemical Properties Characteristic of Unexpected Accidental S1 State Degeneracy and Non-Planar Distortions
Authors: Nemykin Victor N , Kobayashi Nagao , Nonomura Taro , Luk’yanets Eugene A 
Published: May 2003

Abstract
Low-symmetrical phthalocyanines (Pcs) 2-5 prepared by mixed condensation of tetraphenylphthalonitrile and 4-phenylthiophthalonitrile in the presence of a copper salt, show spectroscopic, electrochemical, and molecular model indications which suggest varying degrees of non-planar distortions of the Pc plane and unexpected S1 state degeneracy.
Substituent Effects on Catalytic Synthesis and Properties of Poly(phenylsilane)
Authors: Hashimoto Hisako , Obara Sachiko , Kira Mitsuo 
Published: May 2003

Abstract
Catalytic dehydrogenative polymerization of phenylsilanes with electron-withdrawing substituents using dimethylzirconocene as a catalyst afforded the corresponding polysilanes with rather high molecular weights. Significant substituent effects were observed on the electronic spectra of the polymers.
Complete End-Capping during the Copolymerization of Trioxane and Ethylene Oxide
Authors: Nagahara Hajime , Hamanaka Katsuhiko , Yoshida Kohichi , Kagawa Kenji , lwaisako Toshiyuki , Masamoto Junzo 
Published: May 2003

Abstract
Complete end-capping during the copolymerization of trioxane and ethylene oxide in the bulk polymerization state using boron trifluoride dibutyl ether as the initiator and methylal as the chain transfer agent was accomplished. By using highly purified trioxane as the starting material and by completely deactivating the catalyst residue, an almost completely end-capped polymer (degree of stability was over 99.5%) was obtained.
Synthesis and Inclusion Properties of a Upper-rim-connected Biscalix[4]arene
Authors: Araki Koji , Hayashida Hiromi 
Published: May 2003

Abstract
The conformationally-immobile biscalix[4]arene was synthesized by connecting the upper rims with two spacers. It showed high inclusion ability and selectivity for quaternary ammonium ions. A comparison with reference compounds established that the enhanced selectivity is due to the cooperative action of two bowl-shaped calix[4]arenes.
Molecular Assembly of Zinc Bachteriochlorophyll a by Synthetic Hydrophobic 1α-Helix Polypeptides
Authors: Kashiwada Ayumi , Watanabe Hiroyuki , Tanaka Toshiki , Nango Mamoru 
Published: May 2003

Abstract
Synthetic 1α-helix hydrophobic polypeptides organized zinc bachteriochlorophyll a (Zn-BChl a) complex in n-octyl-β-d-glucopyranoside (OG) micelle analogous to the light-harvesting (LH) polypeptide complex of photosynthetic bacteria.
Photochemistry of Uranyl(VI) Tributylphosphate in Supercritical CO2: An Evidence of Photochemical Reduction by Ethanol
Authors: Fazekas Zsolt , Yamamura Tomoo , Park Yoon-Yul , Harada Masayuki , Tomiyasu Hiroshi 
Published: May 2003

Abstract
The photochemistry of uranyl(VI)-tributylphosphate (TBP) complex in supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) was studied in the pressure range of 8-40 Mpa and from 289 to 336 K. Deactivation rate constants decreased with the increase of pressure. Temperature dependence analysis of the deactivation rate constants indicated that scCO2 contributes differently to deactivation processes from liquid phase CO2 based on activation barriers. An UV irradiation experiment proved photochemical reduction of uranyl(VI)-TBP complex by ethanol in scCO2.
Cl2 Gas Sensor Using Na+ Conducting Solid Electrolyte
Authors: Aono Hiromichi , Sadaoka Yoshihiko 
Published: May 2003

Abstract
A composite Na+ conductor of polycrystalline NASICON mixed with a glassy Na2O-Al2O3-4SiO2 (40wt%) was used in Cl2 gas sensor. The probe using the composite electrolyte and a RuO2+NaCl (1 : 1) measuring electrode gave rapid EMF changes even for sub-ppm level of Cl2 gas concentration (below 6 ppm).
(R)-[1-(1-Naphthyl)ethyl] Isothiocyanate and (S)-1-Phenylethyl Isothiocyanate. New Chirality Recognizing Reagents for the Determination of Enantiomeric Purity of Chiral Amines by NMR
Authors: Jeon Dong Ju , Kim Jung Soo , Lee Jung No , Kim Hyoung Rae , Ryu Eung K 
Published: May 2003

Abstract
(S)-1-Phenylethyl isothiocyanate and (R)-[1-(1-naphthyl)ethyl] isothiocyanate which are easily formed and stable in aqueous conditions are utilized as new chirality recognizing reagents for the determination of enantiomeric purity of chiral amines by NMR.
Homogeneous Ce(IV) Complexes for Efficient Hydrolysis of Plasmid DNA
Authors: Sumaoka Jun , Igawa Tomoyuki , Furuki Kenichiro , Komiyama Makoto 
Published: May 2003

Abstract
Homogeneous Ce(IV) solutions, prepared by using appropriate additives, promptly hydrolyzed a plasmid DNA. The inactivity of Ce(IV)-hydroxide gel for this reaction, which is in contrast with its remarkable catalysis for the hydrolysis of linear DNA, has been ascribed to the steric hindrance between the supercoiled DNA and the polymeric catalyst.
Color Change of Ternary Associate by Drying on Membrane Filter for Visual Protein Detection
Authors: Yoshimoto Keitaro , Kaneko Emiko , Yotsuyanagi Takao 
Published: May 2003

Abstract
A simple yet highly sensitive method has been developed for visual detection of protein in an aqueous solution. The proposed method consists of the ternary association between protein and Bromochlorophenol Blue (BCPB), the extraction on a membrane filter, and the significant color change of the dye in the associate by drying.
Evaluation of Lewis Acidity of “Naked” Lithium Ion through Diels-Alder Reaction Catalyzed by Lithium TFPB in Nonpolar Organic Solvents
Authors: Fujiki Kanji , Ikeda Shin-ya , Kobayashi Hiroshi , Mori Akira , Nagira Akihisa , Nie Jin , Sonoda Takaaki , Yagupolskii Yurii 
Published: May 2003

Abstract
The Diels-Alder reaction of cyclopentadiene with methyl vinyl ketone was remarkably promoted by anhydrous LiTFPB as a Lewis acid catalyst both in dichloromethane and in toluene. Experimental and computational investigations revealed the effects of solvent, hydrating water molecules, and counter anions on the Lewis acidity of the “naked” lithium ion.