bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of initial restraint, weaning, and transport stress on baseline and ACTH-stimulated cortisol responses in beef calves of different genotypes
Authors: Zavy Michael T. , Juniewicz Paul E. , Phillips William A. , VonTungeln David L. 
Published: January 2024

Summary
The productivity and well-being of animals can be substantially affected by stress. This is particularly true in the case of beef calves that are subjected to a multitude of stressors over a short period during the first year of life. Perhaps the most often studied stress-responsive variable has been blood corticosteroid concentrations. Factors such as age, gender, genetics, and degree of prior experience, can influence how an animal perceives and responds to a given stressor. Few studies have tried to control these variables, and accordingly, many conflicting results have been published regarding the impact of various stressors on cortisol response.
We measured baseline plasma cortisol concentration over a 44-day study in Bos indicus and Bos taurus calves. Plasma cortisol values in Bos indicus calves were higher (32.60 ± 0.66 ng/ml) than values in calves of Bos taurus (25.81 ± 0.76) breeding. A precipitous decrease in cortisol concentration was observed 7 days after transport stress in all calves. Baseline cortisol concentration did not provide any indication of the intensity of the various stressors. However, significant differences were readily observed after acth administration. On the basis of cortisol secretion, stresses of transport and weaning were similar and were the most stressful to calves, regardless of genotype.
Effects of lactated Ringer solution and prednisolone sodium succinate on dogs with induced hemorrhagic shock
Authors: Hankes G. H. , Dillon A. R. , Ravis W. R. 
Published: January 2024

Summary
Hemorrhagic shock was induced in nonsplenectomized dogs by removing 41% of their blood volume over a 15- minute period. Hemodynamic and metabolic variables were determined prior to and for 3 hours after completion of hemorrhage. One group of 5 dogs was not treated. After the 30-minute sample was collected, a second group of 5 dogs was given lactated Ringer solution (lrs) at 88 ml/ kg of body weight, iv. A third group of 5 dogs was given lrs (88 ml/kg, iv) and prednisolone sodium succinate (11 mg/kg, iv) 30 minutes after hemorrhage. The iv administration of lrs was completed within 15 minutes. The glucocorticoid was administered as an iv bolus after 500 ml of lrs had been given.
The large volume and administration of lrs significantly (P = 0.05) improved many of the hemodynamic and metabolic effects of acute hemorrhage and hemorrhagic shock. At one time or another during the 2.5-hour observation period after the initiation of treatment, mean arterial pressure, cardiac index, systemic vascular resistance, heart rate, respiratory rate, lactate, glucose, and arterial and venous blood gas values were significantly (P = 0.05) improved, compared with baseline values. The addition of prednisolone sodium succinate to the treatment regimen improved the effectiveness of lrs alone only some dogs at random sampling times. Significant trends were not observed except, possibly, the improvement of venous pH and A-V pH and Pco2 differences.
Hematologic alterations in adult cats fed 6 or 12% propylene glycol
Authors: Bauer Milton C. , Weiss Douglas J. , Perman Victor 
Published: January 2024

Summary
Cat foods containing propylene glycol (pg) induce Heinz body formation in feline erythrocytes. To further study the hematologic importance of dietary pg, 21 adult cats were allotted to 3 groups of 7 each and fed diets containing 0,6, or 12% pg on a dry-weight basis. Cats fed pg had a dose-related increase in Heinz bodies within 2 weeks, and the increase persisted throughout the study. Although only slight changes occurred in pcv, hemoglobin concentration, and rbc count, punctate reticulocytes were significantly increased in the group fed 12% pg. Mean rbc survival was decreased in the groups fed 6 or 12% pg by 30 and 55%, respectively, compared with the control group. These data indicate that pg-containing diets cause a dose-dependent erythrocyte destruction, even when fed at concentrations as low as 6%.
Effects of dietary protein source on Basenjis with immunoproliferative enteropathy
Authors: Breitschwerdt Edward B. , Hirakawa Diane A. , Hurlbert Sue Ann , Gerig Thomas M. , Babineau Cynthia 
Published: January 2024

Summary
The effects of 3 experimental diets that varied only in the source of dietary protein (ie, poultry, cereal, red meat) were compared in Basenjis (n = 8) with immunoproliferative enteropathy and healthy Beagles (n = 8). Significant differences in fecal character, serum IgA concentration, and intestinal digestive and absorptive function were not induced by the different sources of dietary protein. The results of this study do not support a causal role for dietary protein source in the pathogenesis of immunoproliferative enteropathy of Basenjis.
Bioelectrical impedance and zoometry for body composition analysis in domestic cats
Authors: Stanton Christine A. , Hamar Dwayne W. , Johnson Donald E. , Fettman Martin J. 
Published: January 2024

Summary
Zoometric measurements and bioelectrical impedance analysis were evaluated as methods of body composition determination in healthy cats. Zoometric and impedance measurements were taken on 22 anesthetized adult cats of various ages, genders, breeds, and body weights. The cats were then euthanatized. The bodies were processed through a tissue homogenizer and free-catch specimens were taken, freeze-dried, and analyzed for total body water, protein, fat, potassium, and ash content. Stepwise regression analysis was implemented to identify statistically significant relationships between the chemically determined dependent variables (total body water, protein, potassium, fat-free mass, fat mass, and percent body fat) and the zoometric measurements, with or without bioelectrical impedance analysis. Statistical analysis revealed high correlations between the dependent variables and the corresponding predicted values of those variables. Body weight alone was a poor predictor of body composition in these cats. On the basis of these findings, we suggest that zoometric and bioelectrical impedance measurements may serve as practical, noninvasive, simple, and accurate methods for estimating body composition in domestic cats.
Duration of pituitary and adrenocortical suppression after long-term administration of anti-inflammatory doses of prednisone in dogs
Authors: Moore G. E. , Hoenig M. 
Published: January 2024

Summary
Duration and magnitude of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis suppression caused by daily oral administration of a glucocorticoid was investigated, using an anti-inflammatory dose of prednisone. Twelve healthy adult male dogs were given prednisone orally for 35 days (0.55 mg/kg of body weight, q 12 h), and a control group of 6 dogs was given gelatin capsule vehicle. Plasma cortisol (baseline and 2-hour post-acth administration) and plasma acth and cortisol (baseline and 30-minutes post corticotropin-releasing hormone [crh] administration) concentrations were monitored biweekly during and after the 35-day treatment period.
Baseline plasma acth and cortisol and post-acth plasma cortisol concentrations were significantly (P < 0.05) reduced in treated vs control dogs after 14 days of oral prednisone administration. By day 28, baseline acth and cortisol concentrations remained significantly (P < 0.05) reduced and reserve function was markedly (P < 0.0001) reduced as evidenced by mean post-crh acth, post-crh cortisol, and post-acth cortisol concentrations in treated vs control dogs. Two weeks after termination of daily prednisone administration, significant difference between group means was not evident in baseline acth or cortisol values, post-crh acth or cortisol values, or post-acth cortisol values, compared with values in controls. Results indicate complete hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis recovery 2 weeks after oral administration of an anti-inflammatory regimen of prednisone given daily for 5 weeks.
Effect of metoclopramide on luteinizing hormone secretion in postpartum anestrous cows
Authors: Thompson F. N. , Jones R. D. , Stuedemann J. A. , Mizinga K. M. , Smith C. K. 
Published: January 2024

Summary
The effect of metoclopramide (mc), a dopamine antagonist on luteinizing hormone (lh), was examined in anestrous primaparous cows. Metoclopramide has been found to be beneficial in overcoming fescue toxicosis; increasing lh secretion stimulates return to ovulatory function after parturition. Consequently, if mc had negative effect on lh secretion, it would indicate that administration of mc to reproducing animals might be limited. Of 14 postpartum (47 to 66 days) cows, 7 were given mc (4 mg/kg of body weight, iv), and 7 served as controls. Blood was obtained via jugular cannulas at 15-minute intervals for 8 hours; mc was given at the end of the first hour, and gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH, 7 mg/kg), was given iv at the end of hour 7 as a challenge stimulus for lh secretion. Prior to GnRH administration, mc did not have significant effect on lh secretion, as judged by mean serum lh concentration, lh pulse frequency, and lh pulse amplitude. Administration of mc resulted in greater (P < 0.05) lh response to GnRH, indicating enhanced secretory ability when the pituitary gland was challenged. Serum prolactin concentration was increased (P < 0.01) by mc administration. Therefore, mc did not have adverse effect on lh secretion in postpartum cows.
Effects of freezing on mechanical properties of rat skin
Authors: Foutz T. L. , Stone E. A. , Abrams C. F. 
Published: January 2024

Summary
Two test specimens of skin were cut from the lateral aspect of each hind limb of 9 rats. Specimens were contiguous, thereby providing matched pairs. One specimen was immediately placed in liquid nitrogen for 5 minutes, then stored at −70 C and tested within 3 to 4 weeks. Within 5 minutes of harvest, the second specimen was used for immediate material testing. Basic engineering material tests were used to measure strength, loading response, and elastic and viscous properties. Each matched pair of tissues was used for the same procedure.
Quasistatic uniaxial tensile tests were used to apply deformations to the test specimens, and resulting loads were recorded. Stress and strain were calculated from the recorded data, providing information on yield strength, ultimate strength, fracture strength, and loading response. Each matched pair of specimens represented 1 repetition; 6 repetitions were made of each observation. Statistical analysis indicated that tissue freezing significantly (P < 0.05) increased fracture strength, but did not affect strength, ultimate strength, or loading response.
Dynamic vibration response tests were used to find mechanical mobility of the specimens, thereby providing information on elastic and viscous behaviors, which were quantified by calculation of spring and damping coefficients, respectively. As before, 6 repetitions were used. Statistical analysis indicated that tissue freezing did not affect these coefficients.
Cardiopulmonary, anesthetic, and postanesthetic effects of intravenous infusions of propofol in Greyhounds and non-Greyhounds
Authors: Robertson S. A. , Johnston S. , Beemsterboer J. 
Published: January 2024

Summary
The cardiopulmonary, anesthetic, and postanesthetic effects of an iv infusion of the hypnotic agent propofol were assessed in 6 Greyhounds and 7 non-Greyhounds. After im injection of acetylpromazine and atropine, a bolus injection of propofol sufficient to allow endotracheal intubation (mean ± sem = 4.0 ± 0.3 mg/kg of body weight in Greyhounds; 3.2 ± 0.1 mg/kg in non-Greyhounds) was administered, followed by continuous infusion at a rate of 0.4 mg/kg/min for 60 minutes, during which time dogs breathed 100% oxygen.
In 23% of all dogs (3 of 13), apnea developed after initial bolus administration of propofol. Arterial blood pressure was well maintained in all dogs, but heart and respiratory rates were decreased significantly (P < 0.05) during the infusion in Greyhounds. In Greyhounds, mild respiratory acidosis developed after 45 minutes, whereas arterial carbon dioxide tension was increased at all times after propofol administration in non-Greyhounds. In all dogs, pcv and total plasma proteins were unaffected by propofol. Rectal temperature decreased during treatment. Muscle tremors were observed in approximately 50% of dogs (in 3 of 6 Greyhounds and 3 of 7 non-Greyhounds) during and after infusion of propofol.
Non-Greyhounds lifted their heads, assumed sternal recumbency, and stood 10 ± 1, 15 ± 3, and 28 ± 5 minutes, respectively, after the end of the infusion; in Greyhounds, the corresponding times were 36 ± 4, 43 ± 6, and 63 ± 7 minutes.
Inoculation of conventionally and specific-pathogen-free reared rabbits with Ostertagia ostertagi isolated from cattle
Authors: Boisvenue R. J. , Novilla M. N. 
Published: January 2024

Summary
Eleven trials were conducted to collect helminthologic and pathologic data from 27 conventionally reared (cr) and 53 specific-pathogen-free (spf) 6- to 13-week-old male New Zealand White rabbits. These rabbits were given 2 to 100,000 ensheathed third-stage infective Ostertagia ostertagi larvae (L3) orally. The L3 had been isolated from the feces of cattle. Fecal egg counts were conducted and worm populations were determined after euthanasia 3 to 56 days after inoculation. At necropsy, nodules were observed in a confluent pattern in the mucosa of cardiac region of the stomach in all inoculated rabbits, except in cr rabbits inoculated at 6 weeks of age, which had no nodules or worm burdens 42 days after inoculation. Confluent areas were not observed in spf rabbits euthanatized 5 days or less after inoculation; however, small, transparent nodules were evident in the mucosa of the cardiac region of the stomach. Fourth-stage larvae (L4) were obtained from the mucosal nodules after digestion of stomach of both types of rabbits. There were more L4 in spf than cr rabbits. In addition, greater numbers of L4 were found in spf rabbits euthanatized 14 days or less after inoculation. Petechial hemorrhages were in the fundic area of the stomach mucosa in spf rabbits inoculated with 100,000 L3 and euthanatized 14 days later. Mature O ostertagi or worm eggs in feces were not found in inoculated cr or spf rabbits.
The pathologic changes had characteristics similar to those in cattle and goats infected with O ostertagi. Specific-pathogen-free rabbits inoculated orally with ≥ 50,000 L3 were determined to be a host/parasite laboratory test model for use in chemotherapeutic, immunogenic, or pathogenic studies.
Comparative virulence of Haemophilus parasuis serovars 1 to 7 in guinea pigs
Authors: Rapp-Gabrielson Vicki J. , Gabrielson David A. , Schamber George J. 
Published: January 2024

Summary
Reference strains for Haemophilus parasuis serovars 1 to 7 were examined for virulence by inoculation of guinea pigs. Guinea pig response to intraperitoneal inoculation was similar for the 7 reference strains. However, apparent differences in virulence were detected after intratracheal inoculation. Cells of the reference strains for serovars 1 and 5 were most invasive, causing moribundity or death at higher doses and a persistent septicemia at lower doses. Haemophilus parasuis could be isolated from respiratory and systemic sites; purulent bronchopneumonia, pericarditis, and pleuritis were apparent in infected guinea pigs. Inoculation of cells of the reference strains for serovars 2 and 6 also resulted in bronchopneumonia and moribundity or death in some guinea pigs; however, reisolation of H parasuis and microscopic lesions at necropsy were less pronounced than those observed with serovars 1 and 5. Inoculation of cells of serovars 3, 4, and 7 induced only transient clinical signs and minimal evidence of H parasuis infection at necropsy. The data from intratracheal inoculation of guinea pigs are similar to data from other investigations in swine, indicating differences in the pathogenic potential of H parasuis strains. Thus, guinea pigs may be useful as a laboratory animal model for examining cellular factors associated with virulence and immunogenicity of H parasuis.
Age-related effects on motor nerve conduction velocity in chickens
Authors: Bagley Rodney S. , Wheeler Simon J. , James Robert L. 
Published: January 2024

Summary
Compound motor-nerve action potentials evoked by supramaximal stimulation of the proximal and distal aspects of the tibial nerve were evaluated in chickens 1 to 15 weeks old. Motor-nerve conduction velocity increased from a mean of 22.6 m/s at week 1 to a mean of 52.7 m/s at week 15. The increase in conduction velocity was greatest for the first few weeks, and reached a plateau at 10 weeks Subcutaneous limb temperature, limb length, and proximal latency measurements also increased with age; however, distal latency measurements were not significantly influenced by age. A quadratic equation was calculated to predict mean motor-nerve conduction velocity for maturing chickens.
Isolation of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis after oral inoculation in uninfected cattle
Authors: Sweeney Raymond W. , Whitlock Robert H. , Hamir Amir N. , Rosenberger Anne E. , Herr Stephanie A. 
Published: January 2024

Summary
Feces from cows naturally infected with Mycobacterium paratuberculosis was given to 6 uninfected heifers by orogastric intubation, to determine whether ingested organisms could be passively excreted and detected by bacteriologic culture of feces (ie, false-positive result). Heifers were paired, and each pair received a different dose of feces on days 1 and 2. Fecal samples were collected from the heifers 3 times daily. Mycobacterium paratuberculosis was detected in fecal samples of all heifers within 18 hours of being given the first dose of feces. The number of colony-forming units peaked on days 3 or 4, and organisms were no longer detected by day 7. The number of colony-forming units in fecal samples from the heifers was approximately proportional to the dose given. On days 15 and 16, the experiment was repeated with feces from a second infected cow. Results were similar to those in the first experiment. All heifers remained seronegative (agar-gel immunodiffusion test and elisa) and had negative results to the intradermal johnin test throughout the experiment.
Lymph node and intestinal tissues were obtained from all 6 heifers at slaughter on day 28. Mycobacterium paratuberculosis was not isolated from mesenteric lymph nodes from the ileocecal valve region, but was isolated from ileal mucosal samples from each heifer.
Radiographic/morphologic investigation of a radiolucent crescent within the flexor central eminence of the navicular bone in Thoroughbreds
Authors: Berry Clifford R. , Pool Roy R. , Stover Susan , O'Brien Timothy R. , Koblik Philip D. 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
The source of a previously described radiolucent crescent in the flexor cortex of the distal sesamoid (navicular) bone on the palmaro45°proximal-palmarodistal oblique (Pa45°Pr-PaDio) clinical radiographic projection was investigated in 48 forelimb navicular bones from 24 Thoroughbreds by use of high-detail radiography and x-ray computed tomography (ct). Twenty-five of these bones also were evaluated, using microradiography and histologic examinations. Of these 25 bones, 5 had been labeled in vivo with fluorochrome markers. Tetrachrome-stained 100-µm-thick nondecalcified sections of these 5 bones were examined, using epifluorescence microscopy.
A reinforcement line of compacted cancellous bone, parallel and several millimeters deep to the flexor cortex in the region of the flexor central eminence, was visualized by ct in 42 of 48 navicular bones and by microradiography in 23 of 25 navicular bones investigated. Variable degrees of compaction were observed in the cancellous bone between the flexor cortex and the reinforcement line. High-detail skyline radiographic projections and reconstructed ct images indicated a crescent-shaped lucency within the flexor central eminence of the flexor cortex in the bones in which the reinforcement line was identified, but the cancellous bone between the reinforcement line and the flexor cortex had not been compacted. The radiolucent crescent seen in the flexor central eminence of the navicular bone on the Pa45°Pr-PaDiO projection was not caused by the concave defect or synovial fossa of the flexor central eminence overlying the flexor cortex, as was described. The crescent-shaped lucency within the navicular bone flexor central eminence identified on clinical radiographs was associated with remodeling of cancellous bone within the medullary cavity of the navicular bone. It is hypothesized that remodeling of the cancellous bone is secondary to biomechanical stresses and strains placed on the navicular bone, although the clinical relevance of this finding was not determined during the study.
Evaluation of a one-hour saline diuresis protocol for administration of cisplatin to dogs
Authors: Ogilvie Gregory K. , Fettman Martin J. , Jameson Vicki J. , Walters Lisa M. , Lafferty Mary H. , Cooper Mary F. , Powers Barbara E. , Ciekot Phyllis A. , Atwater Stephen W. , Withrow Stephen J. 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
A study was undertaken to determine the toxic effects of cisplatin, an antineoplastic agent, when administered immediately after a 1-hour saline diuresis. Four treatments with cisplatin (70 mg/m2 of body surface, q 3 wk) were administered iv to 6 healthy dogs over a 20-minute period after 0.9% NaCl (saline) solution was administered iv for 1 hour at a volume of 132 ml (kg)0.75. Each dog vomited at least once within 8 hours after each treatment was administered. Clinical status, body weight, and food consumption were normal throughout the 12-week study for 5 of the 6 dogs. The sixth dog developed acute renal failure and became acutely blind and deaf within 3 days after the fourth treatment with cisplatin. Serum electrolyte, creatinine, and urea nitrogen values remained within established normal limits in all dogs immediately prior to each treatment, and in 5 of 6 dogs evaluated 3 weeks after the final treatment. The serum creatinine value (3.3 mg/dl) obtained from the Beagle euthanatized 2 weeks after the fourth treatment was above established normal values. Despite normalcy for all but 1 of the creatinine values, serum creatinine concentration obtained 3 weeks after the final treatment with cisplatin was significantly (P = 0.0001) higher than pretreatment values. When compared with data from all other evaluation periods, significant decreases in glomerular filtration rate, as determined by exogenous (P ≤ 0.0001) and endogenous (P ≤ 0.0001) creatinine clearance testing, were identified 3 weeks after the fourth treatment with cisplatin. Neutrophil counts decreased significantly below pretreatment values at the third (P = 0.009), fourth (P < 0.0001), and fifth (P < 0.0001) evaluation period. We concluded that cisplatin can be administered with biochemical evidence, but not necessarily clinical evidence, that renal dysfunction may develop after 4 treatments with cisplatin (70 mg/m2, iv) are administered to dogs, using a 1-hour diuresis protocol.