bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Corticotropin Stimulation in Adrenal Venous Sampling for Patients With Primary Aldosteronism
Authors: Yang Shumin , Du Zhipeng , Zhang Xizi , Zhen Qianna , Shu Xiaoyu , Yang Jun , Song Ying , Yang Yi , Li Qifu , Hu Jinbo ,   Chongqing Primary Aldosteronism Study (CONPASS) Group, Mei Mei , Luo Suxin , Liao Kangla , Zhang Yao , He Yunfeng , He Yihong , Xiao Ming , Peng Bin 
Published: October 2023

ImportanceAdrenal venous sampling (AVS) is usually recommended to distinguish between unilateral and bilateral primary aldosteronism (PA) before definitive surgical or medical treatment is offered. Whether a treatment decision based on AVS with or without corticotropin (ACTH) stimulation leads to different biochemical and clinical remission rates in patients with PA remains unclear.ObjectiveTo evaluate whether treatment decisions based on AVS with or without ACTH stimulation lead to different biochemical and clinical remission rates in patients with PA.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis randomized clinical trial (RCT) was conducted at a tertiary hospital in China from July 8, 2020, to February 20, 2023, among patients with PA aged 18 to 70 years. Patients were followed up for 12 months after the initiation of treatment. An intention-to-diagnose analysis was conducted.InterventionsPatients were randomly assigned to undergo either ACTH-stimulated or non–ACTH-stimulated AVS.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary end point was the proportion of patients with complete biochemical remission after 12 months of follow-up. Secondary outcomes included the proportion of patients who achieved complete clinical remission after 12 months of follow-up, dosages of antihypertensive agents, rate of successful bilateral AVS, and adverse events.ResultsOf 228 patients with PA, 115 were randomized to the non–ACTH-stimulated group (median age, 50.0 years [IQR, 41.0-57.0 years]; 70 males [60.9%]) and 113 to the ACTH-stimulated group (median age, 50.0 years [IQR, 43.5-56.5 years]; 63 males [55.8%]). A total of 68 patients (59.1%) underwent adrenalectomy in the non-ACTH group and 65 (57.5%) in the ACTH group. There was no significant difference in the proportion of patients with complete biochemical remission who were managed on the basis of AVS with vs without ACTH stimulation (with: 56 of 113 [49.6%]; without: 59 of 115 [51.3%]; P = .79). There also was no significant difference in the proportion of patients who achieved complete clinical remission between the non-ACTH and ACTH groups (26 of 115 [22.6%] and 31 of 113 [27.4%], respectively; P = .40). The intensity of therapy with antihypertensives, successful catheterization of bilateral adrenal veins, and incidence of adverse events did not significantly differ between the non-ACTH and ACTH groups.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this RCT, treatment of PA on the basis of non–ACTH-stimulated or ACTH-stimulated AVS did not lead to significant differences in clinical outcomes for the patients. These results suggest that ACTH stimulation during AVS may not have clinical benefit, at least in the Chinese population.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04461535
The impact of multimedia design and the accent of the instructor on student learning and evaluations of teaching
Authors: Silaj Katie M. , Frangiyyeh Antonia , Paquette‐Smith Melissa 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn college classrooms, the language background of instructors is rarely considered when designing instructional materials. Previous work suggests that redundant text on slides during multimedia presentations can hinder learning (i.e., the redundancy principle). The current study examines whether additional text support can facilitate learning when the instructor speaks with a non‐native accent. In two experiments conducted in the United States, participants were randomly assigned to watch a lecture with more or less text on the slides narrated by either a Mandarin‐ or an American‐accented instructor. Then, participants completed a multiple‐choice assessment and evaluation of the instructor's effectiveness. The amount of text on the slides and the accent of the instructor did not differentially impact performance on the assessment. However, students rated the instructor who spoke with a Mandarin accent less favorably, suggesting that accent‐based biases influence students' perceptions of teaching even when there are no observable differences in learning.
An Edible Supercapacitor Based on Zwitterionic Soy Sauce‐Based Gel Electrolyte
Authors: Durukan Mete Batuhan , Keskin Deniz , Tufan Yiğithan , Dincer Orcun , Cicek Melih Ogeday , Yildiz Bayram , Çınar Aygün Simge , Ercan Batur , Unalan Husnu Emrah 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWith rapid technological developments, the use and reliance on small and miniaturized electronics have increased significantly. Prevalent power sources used in wearable and implantable devices are based on potentially toxic materials. This creates massive environmental problems and generates waste that requires novel and sustainable solutions in the Internet of Things era. Alongside newly developed biodegradable and implantable devices, edible and ingestible electronic devices have emerged to create a niche and sustainable solution. To realize these devices, energy sources must also be edible and ingestible. Here, zwitterionic and edible gel electrolytes are produced using hydroxyethyl cellulose and commercial soy sauce (shoyu) for superior ionic conductivity, providing a favorable environment for L929 proliferation. These edible gels are combined with carbon electrodes to fabricate edible supercapacitor devices, resulting in an ideal double‐layer capacitance. These gels have been discovered to operate at sub‐zero temperatures and possess anti‐drying properties. Introducing an edible soy sauce‐based gel with impressive ionic performance provides a promising alternative to conventional energy storage devices, enabling the advancement of cutting‐edge ingestible healthcare devices and environmentally friendly electronics.
Degradation Evolution of Perovskite Solar Cells via In Situ Real‐Time Optical Observation
Authors: Xia Binyun , Jin Junjun , Wang Ning , Tai Qidong 
Published: October 2023

AbstractUnderstanding the degradation kinetics of perovskite materials in operating perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is critical for developing methods to further enhance their device stability. However, it remains a challenge to capture the details and characteristics of the perovskite degradation process inside operating PSCs under different environmental conditions in real‐time at the microscopic scale. Herein, a novel, nondestructive real‐time in situ monitoring method based on a tapered seven‐core fiber optic sensor is demonstrated. The fiber‐optic sensor can be facilely inserted near the surface of the perovskite layer of a working PSCs to monitor its degradation kinetics without interfering with the performance of the device. Stable and reproducible correlations between real‐time material degradation and optical wavelength response under different humidity and temperature conditions are observed and quantified. This new measurement tool allows real‐time access to the detailed degradation evolution of PSCs, which not only guides the design of more stable devices but also offers the possibility to monitor the health status of PSCs in field applications.
Achieving High Power Density and Durability of Multilayered Swing‐Structured Triboelectric Nanogenerator toward Marine Environmental Protection
Authors: Wang Xiangyi , Ye Cuiying , Chen Pengfei , Pang Hao , Wei Chuanhui , Duan Yuxue , Jiang Tao , Wang Zhong Lin 
Published: October 2023

AbstractProtecting marine environment is an important and urgent task to maintain marine ecological balance. As a promising blue energy harvesting technology, triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) can provide electrical energy for marine environmental protection. Previous reported swing‐structured TENGs have advantages of low driving force in low‐frequency water waves and strong durability, but the space utilization and volume power density are relatively low. Here, a multilayered swing‐structured TENG (MS‐TENG) with low wear is designed to increase the space utilization rate, and thereby enhance the output performance. The MS‐TENG generates the highest peak power density of 15.18 W m−3 Hz−1 and average power density of 3.56 W m−3 Hz−1 under water wave triggering at 0.8 Hz. By coupling the charge pumping and non‐contact mode of main TENGs, the MS‐TENG achieves strong performance stability, exhibiting little attenuation of electric output after 240 000 cycles. Furthermore, the MS‐TENG has successfully powered a water quality detector for self‐powered ballast water quality monitoring, and an application is presented about electrical dehydration of water‐in‐oil emulsions driven by the MS‐TENG with a dehydration rate of 99.6%. This work promotes the development of high power density MS‐TENG and demonstrates its application potential for self‐powered marine environmental protection.
In Situ Twistronics: A New Platform Based on Superlubricity
Authors: Liu Jianxin , Yang Xiaoqi , Fang Hui , Yan Weidong , Ouyang Wengen , Liu Ze 
Published: October 2023

AbstractTwistronics, an emerging field focused on exploring the unique electrical properties induced by twist interface in graphene multilayers, has garnered significant attention in recent years. The general manipulation of twist angle depends on the assembly of van der Waals (vdW) layered materials, which has led to the discovery of unconventional superconductivity, ferroelectricity, and nonlinear optics, thereby expanding the realm of twistronics. Recently, in situ tuning of interlayer conductivity in vdW layered materials has been achieved based on scanning probe microscope. In this Perspective, the advancements in in situ twistronics are focused on by reviewing the state‐of‐the‐art in situ manipulating technology, discussing the underlying mechanism based on the concept of structural superlubricity, and exploiting the real‐time twistronic tests under scanning electron microscope (SEM). It is shown that the real‐time manipulation under SEM allows for visualizing and monitoring the interface status during in situ twistronic testing. By harnessing the unique tribological properties of vdW layered materials, this novel platform not only enhances the fabrication of twistronic devices but also facilitates the fundamental understanding of interface phenomena in vdW layered materials. Moreover, this platform holds great promise for the application of twistronic‐mechanical systems, providing avenues for the integration of twistronics into various mechanical frameworks.
Bionic Luminescent Skin as Ultrasensitive Temperature‐Acoustic Sensor for Underwater Information Perception and Transmission
Authors: Xu Xin , Yan Bing 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBioinspired artificial luminescent skin (L‐skin) integrated with multiple sensing functions significantly promotes the development of smart devices. It is considerably challenging to realize underwater sensing technologies. Here, a sharkskin‐inspired Eu@HOF‐TJ‐1@TA L‐skin (1) is prepared for both temperature and sound sensing. 1 is an ultrathin and flexible temperature sensor, in 298.15–358.15 K, exhibiting ultrahigh maximum relative sensitivity (97.669% K−1) and low minimum uncertainty (0.000 952 K). The temperature response mechanism is analyzed deeply. As a waterproofing acoustic sensor, 1 can monitor sound in both air and water with the greatest sound response frequencies of 400 and 300 Hz in air and water, respectively. The maximum sensitivities of 1 in air and water are 6 593 765.2 and 1 346 124.5 cps Pa−1, respectively. The response times of 1 in air and water are as fast as 20 and 10 ms. The sound response processes of 1 in air and water are simulated by finite element simulation. Moreover, by using sharkskin‐inspired 1, the actual water temperature can be monitored, and a series of water sound information can be recognized by using an artificial neural network. This work proposes a sharkskin‐inspired L‐skin for temperature and acoustic sensing and promotes the development of underwater sensing technology with high performances.
Spectrally Selective Hole Extraction Structure Enables a Self‐Powered Perovskite Solar‐Blind Photodetector with Record Responsivity and Detectivity
Authors: Hou Hong‐Yi , Tian Shuo , Chen Jing‐De , Ling Hong‐Hui , Ren Hao , Zhang Ye‐Fan , Ge Heng‐Ru , Chen Wei‐Shuo , Li Yan‐Qing , Mao Hongying , Ishii Hisao , Tang Jian‐Xin 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPhotodiode‐type solar‐blind photodetectors (SBPDs) with the self‐powered feature hold great promise for applications in unattended secure communication, flame detection, and missile warning. However, the responsivity of SBPDs is usually limited due to the severe solar‐blind (SB) light extinction in substrates and charge transport layers. Herein, a spectrally selective hole extraction structure (SHE) is proposed for high‐efficiency perovskite SBPDs. The SHE consisting of a tandem Fabry–Perot cavity and energy‐level‐matched hole transport layer endows the device with narrowband absorption in the SB region and optimized charge extraction capability from the CsPbI2Br perovskite. The optimized SHE exhibits a peak transmittance of 27% at 255 nm and a half maximum at full width of 28 nm. Under SB light illumination, the champion device achieves a responsivity of 56.20 mA W−1 and a detectivity (D*) of 2.86 × 1013 Jones, which are the record values among the reported results. The approach demonstrated here paves the way for the optical and electrical design of perovskite photodetectors with spectrally selective detection.
A Comprehensive Guide to Bifacial Perovskite Solar Cells: Simulation and Optimization
Authors: Sinha Numeshwar Kumar , Ghosh Dhriti Sundar , Khare Ayush 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBifacial perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have received much attention from researchers and scientists. Recently, a certified power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 21.40% (front illumination) and 20.01% (rear illumination) of bifacial PSC has shown immense potential to take over the photovoltaic industry. However, the PCE bifacial PSCs still have a long way to go, as compared to their mono‐facial PSCs counterparts (PCE 26.1%). This gap in the performance level propels us to get more insight into the device physics of bifacial PSCs. In this work, bifacial PSCs are simulated and optimized by selecting an appropriate choice of the electron transport layer (ETL) and hole transport layer (HTL). In this study, it is found that the conduction band offset (CBO) and valance band offset (VBO) play a vital role in choosing a proper charge‐selective layer. The band alignment highly affects the Shockley‐Read‐Hall (SRH) recombination rate and consequently, the device performance. The bandgap of the rear transparent electrode (RTE) plays a vital role in photo‐absorption and band alignment at the HTL/RTE interface and hence the device performance. This investigation reveals that the perovskite absorber material should be intrinsic in semiconducting nature to achieve a higher bifacial factor from the device.
A 3D‐Printed Dual Driving Forces Scaffold with Self‐Promoted Cell Absorption for Spinal Cord Injury Repair
Authors: Qiu Chen , Sun Yuan , Li Jinying , Zhou Jiayi , Xu Yuchen , Qiu Cong , Yu Kang , Liu Jia , Jiang Yuanqing , Cui Wenyu , Wang Guanghao , Liu He , Yuan Weixin , Jiang Tuoying , Kou Yaohui , Ge Zhen , He Zhiying , Zhang Shaomin , He Yong , Yu Luyang 
Published: October 2023

AbstractStem cells play critical roles in cell therapies and tissue engineering for nerve repair. However, achieving effective delivery of high cell density remains a challenge. Here, a novel cell delivery platform termed the hyper expansion scaffold (HES) is developed to enable high cell loading. HES facilitated self‐promoted and efficient cell absorption via a dual driving force model. In vitro tests revealed that the HES rapidly expanded 80‐fold in size upon absorbing 2.6 million human amniotic epithelial stem cells (hAESCs) within 2 min, representing over a 400% increase in loading capacity versus controls. This enhanced uptake benefited from macroscopic swelling forces as well as microscale capillary action. In spinal cord injury (SCI) rats, HES–hAESCs promoted functional recovery and axonal projection by reducing neuroinflammation and improving the neurotrophic microenvironment surrounding the lesions. In summary, the dual driving forces model provides a new rationale for engineering hydrogel scaffolds to facilitate self‐promoted cell absorption. The HES platform demonstrates great potential as a powerful and efficient vehicle for delivering high densities of hAESCs to promote clinical treatment and repair of SCI.
Enabling Survival of Transplanted Neural Precursor Cells in the Ischemic Brain
Authors: Wang Zhifu , Zheng Danyi , Tan Ye Sing , Yuan Qiang , Yuan Fang , Zhang Su‐Chun 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThere is no effective therapy for ischemic stroke following the acute stage. Neural transplantation offers a potential option for repairing the ischemic lesion. However, this strategy is hindered by the poor survival of the neural precursor cells (NPCs) that are transplanted into the inflammatory ischemic core. Here, a chemical cocktail consisting of fibrinogen and maraviroc is developed to promote the survival of the transplanted NPCs in the ischemic core of the mouse cerebral cortex. The grafted NPCs survive in the presence of the cocktail but not fibrinogen or maraviroc alone at day 7. The surviving NPCs divide and differentiate to mature neurons by day 30, reconstituting the infarct cortex with vascularization. Molecular analysis in vivo and in vitro shows that blocking the activation of CCR5 on the NPCs protects the NPCs from apoptosis induced by pro‐inflammatory factors, revealing the underlying protective effect of the cocktail for NPCs. The findings open an avenue to enable survival of the transplanted NPCs under the inflammatory neurological conditions like stroke.
Reshaping Intratumoral Mononuclear Phagocytes with Antibody‐Opsonized Immunometabolic Nanoparticles
Authors: Liu Chang , Zhou Yanfeng , Guo Daoxia , Huang Yan , Ji Xiaoyuan , Li Qian , Chen Nan , Fan Chunhai , Song Haiyun 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMononuclear phagocytes (MPs) are vital components of host immune defenses against cancer. However, tumor‐infiltrating MPs often present tolerogenic and pro‐tumorigenic phenotypes via metabolic switching triggered by excessive lipid accumulation in solid tumors. Inspired by viral infection‐mediated MP modulation, here enveloped immunometabolic nanoparticles (immeNPs) are designed to co‐deliver a viral RNA analog and a fatty acid oxidation regulator for synergistic reshaping of intratumoral MPs. These immeNPs are camouflaged with cancer cell membranes for tumor homing and opsonized with anti‐CD163 antibodies for specific MP recognition and uptake. It is found that internalized immeNPs coordinate lipid metabolic reprogramming with innate immune stimulation, inducing M2‐to‐M1 macrophage repolarization and tolerogenic‐to‐immunogenic dendritic cell differentiation for cytotoxic T cell infiltration. The authors further demonstrate that the use of immeNPs confers susceptibility to anti‐PD‐1 therapy in immune checkpoint blockade‐resistant breast and ovarian tumors, and thereby provide a promising strategy to expand the potential of conventional immunotherapy.
A Hyperflexible Electrode Array for Long‐Term Recording and Decoding of Intraspinal Neuronal Activity
Authors: Fan Jie , Li Xiaocheng , Wang Peiyu , Yang Fan , Zhao Bingzhen , Yang Jianing , Zhao Zhengtuo , Li Xue 
Published: October 2023

AbstractNeural interfaces for stable access to the spinal cord (SC) electrical activity can benefit patients with motor dysfunctions. Invasive high‐density electrodes can directly extract signals from SC neuronal populations that can be used for the facilitation, adjustment, and reconstruction of motor actions. However, developing neural interfaces that can achieve high channel counts and long‐term intraspinal recording remains technically challenging. Here, a biocompatible SC hyperflexible electrode array (SHEA) with an ultrathin structure that minimizes mechanical mismatch between the interface and SC tissue and enables stable single‐unit recording for more than 2 months in mice is demonstrated. These results show that SHEA maintains stable impedance, signal‐to‐noise ratio, single‐unit yield, and spike amplitude after implantation into mouse SC. Gait analysis and histology show that SHEA implantation induces negligible behavioral effects and Inflammation. Additionally, multi‐unit signals recorded from the SC ventral horn can predict the mouse's movement trajectory with a high decoding coefficient of up to 0.95. Moreover, during step cycles, it is found that the neural trajectory of spikes and low‐frequency local field potential (LFP) signal exhibits periodic geometry patterns. Thus, SHEA can offer an efficient and reliable SC neural interface for monitoring and potentially modulating SC neuronal activity associated with motor dysfunctions.
Charge Self‐Regulation of Metallic Heterostructure Ni2P@Co9S8 for Alkaline Water Electrolysis with Ultralow Overpotential at Large Current Density
Authors: Zhu Xingxing , Yao Xue , Lang Xingyou , Liu Jie , Singh Chandra‐Veer , Song Erhong , Zhu Yongfu , Jiang Qing 
Published: October 2023

AbstractDesigning cost‐effective alkaline water‐splitting electrocatalysts is essential for large‐scale hydrogen production. However, nonprecious catalysts face challenges in achieving high activity and durability at a large current density. An effective strategy for designing high‐performance electrocatalysts is regulating the active electronic states near the Fermi‐level, which can improve the intrinsic activity and increase the number of active sites. As a proof‐of‐concept, it proposes a one‐step self‐assembly approach to fabricate a novel metallic heterostructure based on nickel phosphide and cobalt sulfide (Ni2P@Co9S8) composite. The charge transfer between active Ni sites of Ni2P and Co─Co bonds of Co9S8 efficiently enhances the active electronic states of Ni sites, and consequently, Ni2P@Co9S8 exhibits remarkably low overpotentials of 188 and 253 mV to reach the current density of 100 mA cm−2 for the hydrogen evolution reaction and oxygen evolution reaction, respectively. This leads to the Ni2P@Co9S8 incorporated water electrolyzer possessing an ultralow cell voltage of 1.66 V@100 mA cm−2 with ≈100% retention over 100 h, surpassing the commercial Pt/C║RuO2 catalyst (1.9 V@100 mA cm−2). This work provides a promising methodology to boost the activity of overall water splitting with ultralow overpotentials at large current density by shedding light on the charge self‐regulation of metallic heterostructure.
Inhibition of CK2/ING4 Pathway Facilitates Non‐Small Cell Lung Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Gou Qian , Chen Huiqing , Chen Mingjun , Shi Juanjuan , Jin Jianhua , Liu Qian , Hou Yongzhong 
Published: October 2023

AbstractImmune cells can protect against tumor progression by killing cancer cells, while aberrant expression of the immune checkpoint protein PD‐L1 (programmed death ligand 1) in cancer cells facilitates tumor immune escape and inhibits anti‐tumor immunotherapy. As a serine/threonine kinase, CK2 (casein kinase 2) regulates tumor progression by multiple pathways, while it is still unclear the effect of CK2 on tumor immune escape. Here it is found that ING4 induced PD‐L1 autophagic degradation and inhibites non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) immune escape by increasing T cell activity. However, clinical analysis suggests that high expression of CK2 correlates with low ING4 protein level in NSCLC. Further analysis shows that CK2 induce ING4‐S150 phosphorylation leading to ING4 ubiquitination and degradation by JFK ubiquitin ligase. In contrast, CK2 gene knockout increases ING4 protein stability and T cell activity, subsequently, inhibites NSCLC immune escape. Furthermore, the combined CK2 inhibitor with PD‐1 antibody effectively enhances antitumor immunotherapy. These findings provide a novel strategy for cancer immunotherapy.