bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The uterotubal junction and the luminal fluid of the uterine tube in the rabbit
Authors: Hafez E. S. E. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractImmature, pregnant and post partum rabbits were used to study the mechanical function of the uterotubal junction in the accumulation of the luminal fluid in the ligated uterine tube. Does were laparotomized at 10 hours, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 9, 16 and 29 days post coitum. One uterine tube was ligated at the fimbriae and the uterotubal junction. The other tube was ligated at the fimbriae only. The animals were autopsied at 12, 24, 36 or 48 hours after ligation and the luminal fluid in the tubes was aspirated by a microsyringe and measured volumetrically. The rate of accumulation of luminal fluid was highest in the first 24 hours and declined thereafter. When both ends of the tube were ligated, the volume of accumulated fluid within 24 hours varied from 0.71 to 1.37 ml. Maximum output of fluid occurred one to three days after copulation. There was no characteristic change in the fluid volume throughout pregnancy. When the uterotubal junction was not ligated, the luminal fluid accumulated in all stages of pregnancy except at three and four days post coitum, then at the time at parturition. The first period coincided with the time when the embryos are transported through the uterotubal junction. Shortly before and shortly after parturition the uterotubal junction relaxed, presumably because of the hormonal environment. This is evidence that a reversal in the flow direction of the luminal fluid may take place during pregnancy. The ligature of the fimbriae had no harmful effect on the cleavage rate of embryos or rate of transport through the uterotubal junction. In the immature animal, the output of luminal fluid was less than the adult and the uterotubal junction is relatively relaxed.
Influence of the hair growth cycle on the glyceride content of whole mouse skin
Authors: Goertemiller Clarence C. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractIn order to examine the glyceride content of whole mouse skin during the hair growth cycle, adult male C57 Black mice (C57BL/6J) were plucked of hair in a region of the mid‐dorsum in order to initiate synchronous growth of new hair. Samples of whole skin were removed from each of three different mice on various days following plucking. Stages of the hair growth cycle were ascertained by examining microscopically a portion of each sample. The remaining piece of each sample, weighing approximately 225 mg, was minced, frozen with dry ice and weighed. Following this, each sample was ground in sand with a mortar and pestle and then extracted with ethanol‐ether, cleared by centrifugation and assayed for esterified fatty acids.This investigator found that during anagen the glyceride content of samples of whole mouse skin is nearly twice that found in telogen. It is possible that such cutaneous glycerides are major energy sources for the proliferation of hair, as well as for the development of the resting follile. On the other hand, the same factors which determine active hair proliferation may be responsible for glyceride accumulation under these conditions, and the two events otherwise could be unrelated.
Relationships of the common femoral artery
Authors: Sanders Richard J. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe relationships of the femoral artery to the anterior superior spine, the pubic symphysis, and the public tubercle were measured in 100 adult males. The average distance from the pubic tubercle to the femoral artery pulsation was 4.5 cm, from the symphysis pubis to the femoral artery pulsation was 7.7 cm, and the position of the femoral artery on a line between the symphysis and the anterior superior spine averaged its mid point. From a clinical point of view, the femoral artery is most easily located along the inguinal ligament at a point between two and three finger breadths from the pubic tubercle.
Bone cell formation and survival in H3‐thymidine‐labeled chicks under various conditions
Authors: Bélanger Leonard F. , Migicovsky B. B. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractDividing cells have been labeled in three week old chicks with H3‐thymidine and observed through radioautography at different time intervals and also under varied nutritional and hormonal conditions.After two hours mostly primitive cells were labeled (Mesenchymal cells, fibroblasts, chondroblasts, hemopoietic precursors).Labeled osteoclasts and osteoblasts were abundant after one and two days and their number decreased thereafter.Labeled osteocytes were present at two and four days but rarely thereafter. Osteocyte maturation was delayed in rickets.The osteoclasts showed a larger proportion of labeled nuclei in the Vitamin D treated birds as compared to the rachitic group. Otherwise the rate of appearance and disappearance of labeled nuclei in osteoclasts was constant in the three groups of chicks.Osteoclasts during their life span, renew their nuclei by annexation of young ones as older nuclei degenerate.
Electron microscopic observations on the vascular barrier in the cortex of the thymus of the mouse
Authors: Weiss Leon 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe thymus of newborn and young adult mice of the DBA strain was studied under the electron microscope after fixation in osmium tetroxide and embedding in araldite. In most of the animals several intravenous doses of Thorotrast were administered within 24 or 48 hours of thymectomy.The fine vessels in the cortex of the thymus appear unusually competent. Their endothelium is complete, their basement membrane broad, and their wall further increased by adventitial cells and extracellular tissue. The epithelial reticular cell is the most peripheral adventitial element of these vessels. It extends slender processes which encircle the vessel and, by similar processes, surrounds individual or clusters of perivascular lymphocytes. This cell is disposed to mediate influences passing between cortical lymphocytes and the blood.By cytoplasmic processes of the endothelium and the adventitial reticular cells a cellular pathway from the lumen to the outside of the these vessels is established. In smaller vessels, moreover, the adventitial enclosure by reticular cells is incomplete.After intravenous injection thorium dioxide may be found in the vessel wall and, to a limited degree, in the surrounding tissue.These vessels resemble both the fine vessels in the central nervous system where a blood‐brain barrier is present, and the terminal arterial vessels in the spleen.
The salivary glands and salivary bladder of the nine‐banded armadillo
Authors: Shackleford John M. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractHistochemical studies of armadillo salivary glands reveal mucous acini as the predominant secretory unit of the submaxillary and parotid glands. The acidic carbohydrate moiety of the salivary mucin is mostly sialic acid since Vibrio cholera neuraminidase (sialidase) markedly reduces the alcian blue reaction in the acinar cells. Morphologically, the acini of the submaxillary gland resemble the long mucous tubules of carnivore zygomatic glands whereas the parotid gland corresponds more closely to the seromucous classification. In the submaxillary gland specialized afferent ducts terminate in a storage organ called the salivary bladder. Contents of the bladder consist of a highly viscous sialomucin plus varying amounts of acidophilic material which is negative to the periodic acid‐Schiff and alcian blue reactions. The bladder itself is composed of a wall made up of cuboidal epithelium, skeletal muscle and connective tissue and it is emptied by means of a single efferent duct which leads to the oral cavity. Parotid gland striated ducts are characterized by simple columnar epithelium containing considerable amounts of glycogen in the basal two‐thirds of the cells.
A modified rabbit's ear chamber high‐power high‐resolution studies in regenerated and preformed tissues
Authors: Brånemark P‐I , Lindström J. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractVital microscopic studies in capillary flow, cell structure and cell function with the aid of the ear chamber technique demands special mechanical and optical design of the chamber, if the full resolving power and ability of structure identification of the light microscope is to be utilized to the limit.In order to fill these requirements a new type of ear chamber has been designed, based on the principle of a tissue section between cover glass and glass slide.The metal parts are made of titanium, which is highly tolerable to the tissue and as transparent, parallel windows ordinary cover glass and glass slide have been used.Special attention has been paid to the immobilization of the chamber in the microscope.The exposed tissue has a long lifetime thus enabling long term studies.
The ultrastructure of capillaries and arterioles of the hamster dental pulp
Authors: Han Seong S. , Avery James K. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe ultrastructure of capillaries and arterioles of the hamster dental pulp has been studied. Pieces of the incisor pulp were fixed in 1% OsO4 buffered with 0.14 M veronal acetate, embedded in epoxy resin and studied in an electron microscope. The basic cytoplasmic organization of endothelial cells confirmed observations on blood vessels of other organs made by previous investigators. A large number of intracytoplasmic fibrils were found in many endothelial cells, and their presence was discussed in relation to earlier reports on the contractility of endothelial cells. Previous observations on the structural details of the intercellular region of the endothelium were confirmed and elaborated upon. The manner in which the cytoplasmic flaps of adjoining cells were oriented indicated that, if the integrity of the capillary wall was maintained, only cells with capacity for ameboid movement could creep through the region. Thus they were thought to play a role as an effective barrier against the passage of red blood cells. Numerous micropinocytosis and pinocytosis vesicles were found in association with plasma membranes. The significance of their structure in the transport of materials across the capillary wall is discussed. The fine structure of the pericyte resembled that of the fibroblast. Portions of plasma membranes of adjacent smooth muscle cells in the media of arterioles were brought together closely and resembled attachment zones.
Age variations in the specific surface of howship's lacunae as an index of human bone resorption
Authors: Sedlin Elias D. , Villanueva Antonio R. , Frost Harold M. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractInternal remodelling of bone occurs continually during life in discrete foci throughout cortex and large trabeculae. It is defined as the process of replacement of primaryappositional bone with Haversian bone occurring within the periosteal‐endosteal envelope. The foci are produced by osteoclastic resorption of preexisting bone and are subsequently filled in by successive waves of osteoblasts that deposit new matrix. In this study, measurements of the surface area of Howship's lacunae in rib diaphysealcortex are presented for 137 relatively normal individuals of both sexes and ranging from one month to 84 years of age. Undecalcified cross‐sections were prepared fresh from rib obtained at thoracotomy or post‐mortem. Measurements were performed with a calibrated Zeiss Integrating Eyepiece II. It was found that the values for this resorption index were highest in infancy and lowest in middle and early adult life. The maximum adult values were attained in the seventh decade. No differences were noted that could be accounted for by sex. Correlation of these data with an index of secondary bone formation in this same group of bones enabled the authors to conclude that the internal remodelling rate of rib cortex is highest in infancy, lowest in the fourth decade and attains a secondary peak in the seventh decade. The authors suggest that the phasing of the changes noted are due to some as yet unknown programming of the mesenchymal cell. Since no increases coincided with growth spurts during childhood and adolescence, they conclude that the process of internal remodelling may be under a completely different mechanism of control from that governing skeletal growth and maturation.
Maintenance of normal pituitary weight and cytology in the spayed rat following estradiol implants in the arcuate nucleus
Authors: Lisk R. D. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractEstradiol contained within the lumen of 30 gauge hypodermic tubing was implanted into the arcuate nucleus, mammillary bodies, or anterior lobe of the pituitary, either at the time of spaying or 11 days or 60 days after castration. The normal pituitary weightand cytological characteristics of the gonadotrophs were maintained only when estradiolwas implanted in the arcuate nucleus after spaying. Blank tubing implants in all the previously mentioned locations or estradiol implants in the mammillary bodies or anteriorpituitary were completely ineffective in inhibiting the typical sequence of castration cell formation which occurs in the pituitary of the spayed rat.
A quantitative study of human superior cervical sympathetic ganglia
Authors: Ebbesson Sven O. E. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe postganglionic neurons in four human superior cervical sympathetic ganglia and the preganglionic axons in the trunks just caudal to these ganglia were counted. The number of postganglionic neurons varied from 760,370 to 1,041,652. The estimates of the number of preganglionic fibers ranged from 5,305 to 12,008. The resulting ratio of preganglionic to postganglionic neurons was as high as 1 to 63 in one ganglion and as low as 1 to 196 in another. The number of postganglionic neurons in human superior cervical sympathetic ganglia is approximately ten times greater than the figure obtained in the cat and 20 times greater than in rabbit ganglia. The number of preganglionic axons does not vary proportionally and is of the same order of magnitude in cat, dog and man.
Abnormal pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves in embryos
Authors: Shaner Ralph F. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractFour kinds of abnormal pulmonary and three kinds of abnormal semilunar valves are described from pig and human embryos of an age equivalent to the first human trimester. The pulmonary valves include bicuspid forms resulting from the absence of an anterior cusp, from the fusion of left and anterior cusps and from the fusion of left and right cusps; also dome‐shaped valves. The aortic valves include bicuspid forms resulting from the absence of the non‐coronary cusp and from the fusion of right and left cusps. All are discussed in the light of accompanying heart anomalies and a re‐examination of normal cusp development. Embryonic abnormal pulmonary valves are generally linked with early stages of Fallot's tetralogy. They are caused by an arrest in heart development and the changed hemodynamic conditions that result from it. Embryonic abnormal aortic valves are caused by an arrest in heart development and an abnormal degree of coarctation of the aorta. The evidence from embryos supports the general belief that abnormal pulmonary cusps of all ages, when not caused by infection, are of congenital origin. Some aortic abnormal valves are also of congenital origin, but are hard to distinguish from similar ones produced after birth by postnatal coarctation.
Closure of the spheno‐occipital synchondrosis
Authors: Powell Thomas V. , Brodie Allan G. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractComparative anatomical and histologic methods have been responsible for the belief that the spheno‐occipital synchondrosis in the human is an active growth center until the adult stage is reached. According to standard texts the suture closes between the eighteenth and twenty‐fifth years. The present investigation was a re‐examination of this question by means of midsagittal laminagraphy. The material consisted of 205 males 8 to 21 years; and 193 females 6 to 18 years. The midsagittal lamina of the spheno‐occipital junction appears as a band of less radiopacity when the suture is open. Closure was found to occur first on the cranial border and to progress downward. Initial closure was found in a male of 10 years, 10 months; first complete closure at 13 years, 4 months. The last found completely open was at 15 years, 2 months. Complete obliteration was found at 8 years, 1 month in one female subject and the last completely open suture at 13 years, 9 months. In general, the closing age for the males was between 13–16 years, and the female between 11–14 years.
Fine structure of splenic pulp
Authors: Galindo Benito , Freeman James A. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractSplenic tissue from the dog, monkey, guinea pig, and rat were fixed in OsO4, embedded in maraglas, and examined by electron microscopy. The red pulp is composed of sinuses, the walls of which are formed by littoral cells (macrophages and fixed reticulum cells) resting on a framework of reticulum. The pulp cords (Billroth cords) are formed by sinuses containing bands of reticulum which compartmentalize the cord. Interlocked littoral cells and entrapped formed elements of the blood are found in the cords. The stroma of the white pulp is composed of two types of fixed reticular cells (fixed reticular cells, type A; and fixed reticular cells, type B), macrophages, and cell types intermediate between macrophages and fixed reticular cells. The reticulum of the white pulp is similar to that of the red pulp. With PTA staining the extracellular connective tissue (reticulum) is found to be composed of a homogeneous substance with fibrillar elements, namely (1) fibrils 50 mμ in diameter with a 640 Å axial periodicity, (2) fibrils of similar diameter without periodicity, and (3) non‐periodic, closely packed undulating, parallel fibrils ca. 70 Å in diameter. The reticulum is, in general, enclosed by cytoplasm of littoral cells or sandwiched between cells; rarely, however, the reticulum appears to be in contact with the blood in the sinus. The junction of capillary and sinus is abrupt and the terminal capillary endothelium is surrounded by litoral cells.
The fine structural localization of some testicular phosphatases
Authors: Tice Lois W. , Barrnett R. J. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe distribution of several nonspecific and nucleoside phosphatase activities in rat testis fixed in glutaraldehyde was studied with the electron microscope. Seven apparently discrete distributions of activity were found. Nonspecific phosphatase activity at neutral pH was found in the basement membrane of seminiferous tubules, as well as in pinocytic vesicles in connective tissue cells underlying the tubules. Acid phosphatase activity was associated with the dense bodies of Sertoli cells, and with the Golgi apparatus of all spermatogenic cells. In addition, the Golgi apparatus of spermatogenic cells exhibited activity to both nucleoside di‐ and tri‐phosphates. The Golgi apparatus of the Sertoli cells exhibited both di‐ and triphosphatase activity, but no glycerophosphatase activity.Triphosphatase activity was also found at the cell surfaces of spermatogenic cells in some stages of development. Spermatogonia and early spermatocytes exhibited activity to both ATP and ITP. Little triphosphatase activity was found at the cell surfaces of secondary spermatocytes or early spermatids, while pronounced activity was seen at the surfaces of late spermatids.
Studies on the fine structure of teleost blood cells. I. Peripheral Blood
Authors: Weinreb Eva Lurie 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe fine structure of goldfish peripheral blood cells was studied by electron microscopy correlated with light microscopy. Various methods of specimen preparation are described. Optimal preservation for electron micoscopy was attained with fixation in 1% OsO4 in acetate‐veronal buffer (pH 7.3) and embedding in Epon. Electron micrographs of erythrocytes reveal division of nucleoplasm into chromatin and interchromatin material, and continuity between the latter and cytoplasm via nuclear pores. Erythrocyte mitochondria contain longitudinally oriented tubular internal structures. Variations in lymphocyte morphology are noted and the close association between membranes of the nuclear envelope, Golgi apparatus and endoplasmic reticulum is shown. Compound granules, the azure granules of stained blood smears, are described. A distinguishing feature of the granulocytes is their specific granulation. Neutrophilic granules appear to be membrane‐enclosed and contain varying amounts of dense material, the amount depending upon maturation, physiological state or degree of preservation. Specific eosinophilic granules are characterized by a dense matrix enclosing one or more crystalloid bodies. The specific granules of the basophil are large, membrane‐enclosed bodies, demonstrating different degrees of electron density. Similarities between thrombocytes and lymphocytes are evident from light and electron microscope studies. A phylogenetic relationship between vertebrate blood cells in indicated.
Bone development in Japanese quail
Authors: Simmons David J. , Pankovich A. M. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe development of the long bones of Japanese Quail was studied histologically and microradiographically at different post‐hatching periods from birth to one year of age. At the level of the mid‐shaft, the woven bone of the neonatal animal becomes thicker by rapid periosteal growth and becomes consolidated by the deposition of bone within large vascular spaces throughout the first month of life. Continued periosteal growth and formation of osteons is most rapid during the second and third month, and the mature architecture of the cortex — primary haversian bone — is established at the end of this period. Osteon formation is more progressive in the tibiotarsus and tibia than in the femur. Replacement osteons are established by remodeling endochondral bone incorporated into the metaphysés near the endosteum, but these deposits delimited by cement lines do not seem to be remodeled to any significant degree. Bizarre resorption cavities attributed to osteolysis were frequently observed in highly mineralized interstitial lamellae.