bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spinning Reactors for Process Intensification of Flow Photochemistry
Authors: Soria‐Castro Silvia M. , Politano Fabrizio , Raston Colin L. , Oksdath‐Mansilla Gabriela 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe design of new and more sustainable synthetic protocols to access new materials or valuable compounds will have a high impact on the broader chemistry community. In this sense, continuous‐flow photochemistry has emerged as a powerful technique which has been employed successfully in various areas such as biopharma, organic chemistry, as well as materials science. However, it is important to note that chemical processes must not only advance towards new or improved chemical transformations, but also implement new technologies that enable new process opportunities. For this reason, the design of novel photoreactors is key to advancing photochemical strategies. In this sense, the use of equipment and techniques embracing processes intensification is important in developing more sustainable protocols. Among the most recent applications, spinning continuous flow reactors, such as rotor reactors or vortex reactors, have shown promising performance as new synthetic tools. Nevertheless, there is currently no review in the literature that effectively summarizes and showcases the most recent applications of such type of photoreactors. Herein, we highlight fundamental aspects and applications of two categories of spinning reactors, the Spinning Disc Reactors (SDRs) and Thin Film Vortex reactors, critiquing the scope and limitations of these advanced processing technologies. Further, we take a view on the future of spinning reactors in flow as a synthetic toolbox to explore new photochemical transformations.
Mirror‐Image Phage Display for the Selection of D‐Amino Acid Peptide Ligands as Potential Therapeutics
Authors: Malhis Marwa , Funke Susanne Aileen 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's disease (AD), endogenous proteins or peptides aggregate with themselves. These proteins may lose their function or aggregates and/or oligomers can obtain toxicity, causing injury or death to cells. Aggregation of two major proteins characterizes AD. Amyloid‐β peptide (Aβ) is deposited in amyloid plaques within the extracellular space of the brain and Tau in so‐called neurofibrillary tangles in neurons. Finding peptide ligands to halt protein aggregation is a promising therapeutical approach. Using mirror‐image phage display with a commercially available, randomized 12‐mer peptide library, we have selected D‐amino acid peptides, which bind to the Tau protein and modulate its aggregation in vitro. Peptides can bind specifically and selectively to a target molecule, but natural L‐amino acid peptides may have crucial disadvantages for in vivo applications, as they are sensitive to protease degradation and may elicit immune responses. One strategy to circumvent these disadvantages is the use of non‐naturally occurring D‐amino acid peptides as they exhibit increased protease resistance and generally do not activate the immune system. To perform mirror‐image phage display, the target protein needs to be synthesized as D‐amino acid version. If the target protein sequence is too long to be synthesized properly, smaller peptides derived from the full length protein can be used for the selection process. This also offers the possibility to influence the binding region of the selected D‐peptides in the full‐length target protein. Here we provide the protocols for mirror‐image phage display selection on the PHF6* peptide of Tau, based on the commercially available Ph.D.™‐12 Phage Display Peptide Library Kit, leading to D‐peptides that also bind the full length Tau protein (Tau441), next to PHF6*. In addition, we provide protocols and data for the first characterization of those D‐peptides that inhibit Tau aggregation in vitro. © 2024 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Mirror image phage display selection against D‐PHF6* fibrilsSupport Protocol 1: Single phage ELISABasic Protocol 2: Sequencing and D‐peptide generationBasic Protocol 3: Thioflavin‐T (ThT) test to control inhibition of Tau aggregationSupport Protocol 2: Purification of full‐length Tau proteinBasic Protocol 4: ELISA to demonstrate the binding of the generated D‐peptides to PHF6* and full‐length Tau fibrils
In Vivo Cardiac Electrophysiology in Mice: Determination of Atrial and Ventricular Arrhythmic Substrates
Authors: Navarro‐Garcia Jose Alberto , Bruns Florian , Moore Oliver M. , Tekook Marcel A. , Dobrev Dobromir , Miyake Christina Y. , Wehrens Xander H.T. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractCardiac arrhythmias are a common cardiac condition that might lead to fatal outcomes. A better understanding of the molecular and cellular basis of arrhythmia mechanisms is necessary for the development of better treatment modalities. To aid these efforts, various mouse models have been developed for studying cardiac arrhythmias. Both genetic and surgical mouse models are commonly used to assess the incidence and mechanisms of arrhythmias. Since spontaneous arrhythmias are uncommon in healthy young mice, intracardiac programmed electrical stimulation (PES) can be performed to assess the susceptibility to pacing‐induced arrhythmias and uncover the possible presence of a proarrhythmogenic substrate. This procedure is performed by positioning an octopolar catheter inside the right atrium and ventricle of the heart through the right jugular vein. PES can provide insights into atrial and ventricular electrical activity and reveal whether atrial and/or ventricular arrhythmias are present or can be induced. Here, we explain detailed procedures used to perform this technique, possible troubleshooting scenarios, and methods to interpret the results obtained. © 2024 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol: Programmed electrical stimulation in mice
How environmental, social, and governance implementation and structure impact sustainable development goals
Authors: Tyan Jonah , Liu Shih‐Ching , Fu Jyun‐Ying 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis study investigates how environmental, social, and governance (ESG) strategy and implementation, along with governance structure, influence sustainable development goals (SDGs). In recognizing the SDG gap between intent and implementation, our study places a special focus on the mediating role of ESG implementation, the moderating role of governance structure, and the pivotal concept of embeddedness of strategy in shaping SDG impact. To test the hypotheses, we analyze firm‐level data from 552 Taiwanese listed companies. The results suggest that ESG implementation mediates the relationship between a firm's ESG strategy and SDG impact. The governance structure plays a moderating role on the relationship between ESG implementation and SDG impact. Furthermore, the embeddedness of strategy shows a positive effect on SDG impact. The empirical findings contribute substantially to the theoretical landscape of ESG studies. The findings offer practical implications for business leaders striving to elevate their firms' SDG impacts.
A multi‐objective low‐voltage ride‐through control strategy for three‐phase grid‐interfaced solar power plant during symmetrical and asymmetrical faults†
Authors: Singh Abhishek Kumar , Tiwari Dinesh Kumar , Choudhury Nalin Behari Dev , Singh Jiwanjot 
Published: February 2024

SummaryThis paper presents a low‐voltage ride‐through capability (LVRT) solution for the photovoltaic (PV) grid‐connected inverters compliant with the Indian grid code. The LVRT strategy ensures the uninterrupted connection of solar energy to the grid, safeguarding against system shutdown in the event of various grid faults. During this time, the inverter supplies reactive power to the utility grid, effectively utilizing converter capacity and aiding the restoration of the voltage profile at the point of common coupling (PCC). The system used in this study involves a two‐stage grid‐interfaced solar PV setup with a boost converter that tracks the maximum power point (MPP) and an inverter that maintains the DC‐link voltage. A modified dynamic braking chopper control (MDBCC) has also been implemented to minimize the DC‐link voltage oscillations during asymmetrical faults while simultaneously injecting the sinusoidal current into the grid. To improve grid synchronization in the presence of unbalanced abnormalities, a modified dual second‐order generalized integrator phase‐locked loop (DSOGI‐PLL) has been employed to track the grid voltage angle precisely. Furthermore, a new control system has been developed in conjunction with the LVRT approach. The suggested system is simulated in MATLAB/Simulink to validate the efficacy of the LVRT control method during symmetrical and asymmetrical faults using a 100‐kW two‐stage grid‐interfaced solar PV facility. Finally, for experimental validation, a real‐time test bench (RTS) OPAL‐RT 4510 is used to implement the setup with its control, and the practical results are compared with the simulation outcomes.
LRPPRC promotes glycolysis by stabilising LDHA mRNA and its knockdown plus glutamine inhibitor induces synthetic lethality via m6A modification in triple‐negative breast cancer
Authors: Yu Yuanhang , Deng Huifang , Wang Wenwen , Xiao Shihan , Zheng Renjing , Lv Lianqiu , Wang Han , Chen Jianying , Zhang Bo 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundTargeted therapy for triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) remains a challenge. N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) is the most abundant internal mRNA modification in eukaryotes, and it regulates the homeostasis and function of modified RNA transcripts in cancer. However, the role of leucine‐rich pentatricopeptide repeat containing protein (LRPPRC) as an m6A reader in TNBC remains poorly understood.MethodsWestern blotting, reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR) and immunohistochemistry were used to investigate LRPPRC expression levels. Dot blotting and colorimetric enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were employed to detect m6A levels. In vitro functional assays and in vivo xenograft mouse model were utilised to examine the role of LRPPRC in TNBC progression. Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry and Seahorse assays were conducted to verify the effect of LRPPRC on glycolysis. MeRIP‐sequencing, RNA‐sequencing, MeRIP assays, RNA immunoprecipitation assays, RNA pull‐down assays and RNA stability assays were used to identify the target genes of LRPPRC. Patient‐derived xenografts and organoids were employed to substantiate the synthetic lethality induced by LRPPRC knockdown plus glutaminase inhibition.ResultsThe expressions of LRPPRC and m6A RNA were elevated in TNBC, and the m6A modification site could be recognised by LRPPRC. LRPPRC promoted the proliferation, metastasis and glycolysis of TNBC cells both in vivo and in vitro. We identified lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) as a novel direct target of LRPPRC, which recognised the m6A site of LDHA mRNA and enhanced the stability of LDHA mRNA to promote glycolysis. Furthermore, while LRPPRC knockdown reduced glycolysis, glutaminolysis was enhanced. Moreover, the effect of LRPPRC on WD40 repeat domain‐containing protein 76 (WDR76) mRNA stability was impaired in an m6A‐dependent manner. Then, LRPPRC knockdown plus a glutaminase inhibition led to synthetic lethality.ConclusionsOur study demonstrated that LRPPRC promoted TNBC progression by regulating metabolic reprogramming via m6A modification. These characteristics shed light on the novel combination targeted therapy strategies to combat TNBC.
Taylor political optimizer‐based cluster head selection in IOT‐assisted WSN networks
Authors: Chouhan Nitesh , Kumar Awanit , Kumar Naresh 
Published: February 2024

SummaryIoT‐assisted WSN contains various nodes, which are placed on a huge scale that increases complications. Thus, the challenges and issues of these networks fluctuate as compared to WSNs. Hence, sensor nodes are imperative unit that runs on less energy resources. Hence, devising a robust and energy‐effective protocol for increasing network lifetime is a complex task. This paper devises a novel hybrid optimization‐driven approach for selecting cluster head (CH) in IoT‐assisted WSNs. Initially, the simulation of IoT nodes is done by configuration. Thereafter, the Cluster Head selection is done using a newly devised optimization technique, namely the Taylor‐Political optimizer (Taylor‐PO). Thus, fitness is newly developed by adapting certain attributes like energy, delay, inter and intra‐cluster distance, Link Lifetime (LLT), predicted energy, and delay. Here, the multipath routing is accomplished using Tunicate Swarm gray wolf optimization (TSGWO). Thus, the proposed Taylor‐PO is offered for effective Cluster Head selection along with multipath routing using TSGWO. The proposed Taylor‐PO offered improved performance with smallest delay of 0.006 sec, highest energy of 2.368 J, highest throughput of 494.043 kbps.
AIns (insulin) type amyloidoma of the extremity diagnosed by fine‐needle aspiration
Authors: Ramani Nisha S. , Morani Rhea A. , Krishnan Bhuvaneswari 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAmyloid is an extracellular deposition of Congo red positive material which shows apple green birefringence under polarized light. A cytopathologist can uncommonly encounter such cases. Among the reported cases, a fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) of amyloid is frequently misinterpreted as acellular nondiagnostic material. We report a case of amyloidoma of the right upper arm in a 68‐year‐old man with history of renal transplantation for diabetic nephropathy who presented with loss of appetite and weight loss. Physical exam showed a 7 cm hard nodular subcutaneous mass in the right upper arm. FNA yielded abundant acellular, irregular fragments of dense material, which was Congo red positive with apple green birefringence by polarized light, consistent with amyloid. Further subtyping of the amyloid by mass spectrometry, showed AIns (insulin)‐type amyloid deposition. After further questioning, the patient admitted to injecting insulin at the same site for many years. Awareness of the cytological features is important for diagnosis. This is especially important when dealing with uncommon sites and without adequate clinical information.
Virtual food exposure with positive mood induction or social support to reduce food anxiety in anorexia nervosa: A feasibility study
Authors: Natali Ludovica , Meregalli Valentina , Rowlands Katie , Di Pietro Jerome , Treasure Janet , Collantoni Enrico , Meneguzzo Paolo , Tenconi Elena , Favaro Angela , Fontana Francesca , Ceccato Enrico , Sala Alessandra , Valmaggia Lucia , Cardi Valentina 
Published: February 2024

AbstractObjectiveAversive emotions toward food and the consequences of eating are at the core of anorexia nervosa. Exposure therapy is effective to reduce anxiety and avoidance toward feared stimuli. Based on the inhibitory learning framework, this study examined the feasibility to induce social support or positive mood to enhance the impact of a single session virtual food exposure on food‐related anxiety in anorexia nervosa.MethodOne hundred and forty‐five patients were randomized to: (1) virtual food exposure (i.e., baseline condition), (2) virtual food exposure plus positive mood induction (i.e., positive mood condition), or (3) virtual food exposure plus social support (i.e., social support condition). They completed self‐report assessments of anxiety toward virtual foods, general anxiety, positive mood, social support, and hunger, before and after virtual food exposure. Number of eye gazes and touches toward foods were recorded during the virtual reality exposure.ResultsPatients had lower levels of anxiety toward virtual foods in the positive mood condition, compared to the baseline condition [F(2,141) = 4.36, p = .015; medium effect size]. They also touched food items more often in the baseline condition. No other significant changes were found.DiscussionVirtual food exposure enhanced by positive mood induction seems a feasible approach to strengthen the impact of food exposure in anorexia nervosa.Public SignificanceThis research contributes to the understanding of how patients with anorexia nervosa can be supported to overcome fear and anxiety around food. Virtual reality enables patients to expose themselves to difficult situations (e.g., kitchen with foods of various calorie contents) while experiencing positive stimuli, such as a loving and kind pet or a supportive avatar.
Lower region‐specific gray matter volume in females with atypical anorexia nervosa and anorexia nervosa
Authors: Lyall Amanda E. , Breithaupt Lauren , Ji Chunni , Haidar Anastasia , Kotler Elana , Becker Kendra R. , Plessow Franziska , Slattery Meghan , Thomas Jennifer J. , Holsen Laura M. , Misra Madhusmita , Eddy Kamryn T. , Lawson Elizabeth A. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractObjectiveFew studies have focused on brain structure in atypical anorexia nervosa (atypical AN). This study investigates differences in gray matter volume (GMV) between females with anorexia nervosa (AN) and atypical AN, and healthy controls (HC).MethodStructural magnetic resonance imaging data were acquired for 37 AN, 23 atypical AN, and 41 HC female participants. Freesurfer was used to extract GMV, cortical thickness, and surface area for six brain lobes and associated cortical regions of interest (ROI). Primary analyses employed linear mixed‐effects models to compare group differences in lobar GMV, followed by secondary analyses on ROIs within significant lobes. We also explored relationships between cortical gray matter and both body mass index (BMI) and symptom severity.ResultsOur primary analyses revealed significant lower GMV in frontal, temporal and parietal areas (FDR < .05) in AN and atypical AN when compared to HC. Lobar GMV comparisons were non‐significant between atypical AN and AN. The parietal lobe exhibited the greatest proportion of affected cortical ROIs in both AN versus HC and atypical AN versus HC. BMI, but not symptom severity, was found to be associated with cortical GMV in the parietal, frontal, temporal, and cingulate lobes. No significant differences were observed in cortical thickness or surface area.DiscussionWe observed lower GMV in frontal, temporal, and parietal areas, when compared to HC, but no differences between AN and atypical AN. This indicates potentially overlapping structural phenotypes between these disorders and evidence of brain changes among those who are not below the clinical underweight threshold.Public significanceDespite individuals with atypical anorexia nervosa presenting above the clinical weight threshold, lower cortical gray matter volume was observed in partial, temporal, and frontal cortices, compared to healthy individuals. No significant differences were found in cortical gray matter volume between anorexia nervosa and atypical anorexia nervosa. This underscores the importance of continuing to assess and target weight gain in clinical care, even for those who are presenting above the low‐weight clinical criteria.
The dependence of forecasts on sampling frequency as a guide to optimizing monitoring in community ecology
Authors: Daugaard Uriah , Merkli Stefanie , Merz Ewa , Pomati Francesco , Petchey Owen L. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractFacing climate change and biodiversity loss, it is critical that ecology advances so that processes, such as species interactions and dynamics, can be correctly estimated and skillfully forecasted. As different processes occur on different time scales, the sampling frequency used to record them should intuitively match these scales. Yet, the effect of data sampling frequency on ecological forecasting accuracy is understudied. Using a simple simulated dataset as a baseline and a more complex high‐frequency plankton dataset, we tested how different sampling frequencies impacted abundance forecasts of different plankton classes and the estimation of their interactions. We then investigated whether plankton growth rates and body sizes could be used to select the most appropriate sampling frequency. The simple simulated dataset showed that the optimal sampling frequency scaled positively with growth rate. This finding was not repeated in the analyses of the plankton time series, however. There, we found that a reduction in sampling frequency worsened forecasts and led us to both over‐ and underestimate plankton interactions. This suggests that forecasting can be used to determine the ideal sampling frequency in scientific and monitoring programs. A better study design will improve theoretical understanding of ecology and advance policy measures dealing with current global challenges.
Environmental DNA captures diurnal fluctuations of surface eukaryotes on a tropical coral reef
Authors: Dowell R. , Dunn N. , Head C. , Yesson C. , Williams J. , Ransome E. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractEnvironmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding has been widely employed to describe biological communities in the marine environment and to compare the richness and diversity of sites across large spatial scales. However, fine‐scale temporal eDNA dynamics are poorly understood and the time of eDNA sample collection is rarely reported in publications. Here, we collected surface eDNA samples every 6 h, for 3 days, at two coral reef sites to assess fine‐scale changes in the eukaryotic communities detected. Distinct eukaryotic communities were detected at two sites within the same lagoon. Sampling time was found to have a significant effect on ESV and class richness, both peaking during the 1 p.m. sampling time at both sites. Sampling time also had a significant effect on the detection of eukaryotic taxa, with relative read frequency showing clear diurnal patterns in line with the migratory behavior of planktonic groups. Other groups of organisms showed considerable variation in read frequency, highlighting the dynamic nature of marine eukaryotic communities and potential stochasticity of eDNA detections. For eukaryotic communities, eDNA samples can provide a “snapshot” of contemporary biodiversity and provide information on short‐term community dynamics on hyperdiverse coral reefs. However, our findings add to growing evidence that sampling time should be clearly considered and reported in marine eDNA studies and that multiple samples from the same site are needed to facilitate more robust comparisons across sites.
Changes in muscle coordination patterns during 400‐m sprint: Impact of fatigue and performance decline
Authors: Kakehata G. , Saito H. , Takei N. , Yokoyama H. , Nakazawa K. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to compare the muscle synergies extracted from 14 unilateral lower‐limb and trunk muscles between the first and final parts of a 400‐m sprint in experienced sprinters to understand neuromuscular coordination of multiple muscles in the fatigued condition sprint. Nine male 400‐m sprinters (400‐m personal record: 48.11 ± 1.6 s) performed 400‐m sprints as with the real competition strategy. We defined the first part (100–150 m section) and the final part (350–400 m section), and obtained mean spatiotemporal variables (e.g., running speed, step frequency, and step length) for both parts. Electromyography (EMG) signals were obtained using wireless EMG sensors (2000 Hz) from 14 lower‐limb and trunk muscles. Non‐negative matrix factorization was performed to extract the muscle synergies for both parts. We observed significantly declined spatiotemporal variables in the final part induced by fatigue. The extracted number of synergies was 7.0 ± 0.7 (mean ± SD) for the first part and 7.2 ± 0.4 for the final part with no significant differences between parts. However, we identified specific muscle synergy, and alterations in the individual muscle weightings of several hip muscles (rectus femoris: RF, tensor fasciae latae: TFL, and glutes maximus: Gmax muscles) while there was no change in the muscle weighting of shank muscles and the temporal patterns of all muscles even following fatigue in the 400‐m sprint. Fatigue‐induced performance decline in a 400‐m sprint corresponds to alterations in muscle synergies, particularly in hip muscles, with notable shifts in RF, TFL, and Gmax activation.