bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Third pharyngeal pouch sinuses: Report of a bilateral case with a review of the embryology and literature
Authors: Parke Wesley W. , Settles Harry E. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractBilateral pharyngeal sinuses were found in a 71‐year‐old male Caucasian anatomic cadaver. As their ostia opened through the piriform recesses cranio‐ventral to the plicae of the internal branches of the superior laryngeal nerves, they were determined to be of third pharyngeal (branchial) pouch origin. A publication review revealed that this instance was the tenth case of third pharyngeal pouch sinuses reported in the English literature, and the third case describing a bilateral occurrence. Histologic sections showed the sinuses were lined with a stratified squamous epithelium that was complexly evaginated on the lateral sinus wall. Despite the tendency to accumulate ingested matter, the sinus epithelium showed no chronic pathology. A review of branchial embryology suggested that the relative rarity of third (and fourth) pharyngeal pouch vestiges may be partly explained by the “ascensus” of the hypoglossal nerve and the aortic arch migrations lateral to the pharyngeal regions derived from these more caudal branchial pouches. However, as the literature of the last two decades has surprisingly revealed reports of 28 cases of fourth pharyngeal pouch sinuses, the third pouch sinuses are now the rarest of the reported endobrachial vestiges.
Problem‐based learning with gross anatomy specimens: One year trial
Authors: Pawlina Wojciech , Romrell Lynn J. , Rarey Kyle E. , Larkin Lynn H. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractA problem‐based learning experience was implemented at the University of Florida College of Medicine during the Fall, 1989 gross anatomy course for first year medical and dental students. A problem for deliberation was selected by students at one dissecting table (two medical and two dental) that related to the cadaver they were dissecting. Each member of the group picked a single topic and researched that subject either through use of the library or personal contacts with basic science or clinical faculty. Specific times within the course were established for the problem‐based sessions. Each student gave a 5 to 10 minute oral presentation to a faculty member and one or two other groups of students. The overall rating for the sessions by the students was positive (72.5% ranked them either outstanding or above average). Eighty‐two percent of the students felt that these sessions were a useful method of providing clinical correlations with gross anatomy and 81.6% stated they thought the program should be continued next year. Conversely, approximately 20% of the students responded that they could have been doing something more productive with their time and several felt it was unfair that their sessions were scheduled just prior to an examination. Overall, the opinion of the faculty was that the sessions were a positive experience, encouraged cooperation between medical and dental students, and generated additional interest in the dissecting experience.
Tendineal arteries of the flexor tendons in the human hand
Authors: Zbrodowski A. , Gajisin S. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractTwo hundred upper extremities of fresh human cadavers were used to study the anatomy of the tendinous apparatus of the flexor digitorum profundus (FDP) and flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS) muscles. This study describes the different types of mesotendons revealed by layered dissection, and the complex arterial network of the structures and their various sources of blood supply as revealed by the injection of colored latex or India ink solution in gelatin.
Anatomical factors in the surgery of oral cancer
Authors: McGregor Ian A. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractAnatomical factors which play a major role in the clinical behaviour of cancers of the tongue, floor of mouth and lower alveolus, dentate and edentulous, are described, the manner in which tumor reaches and invades the mandible, and spreads both locally in the medullary cavity and perineurally along the inferior alveolar nerve. The influence of anatomical factors in the surgical approach to these tumors is also discussed.
Case report and review of literature: Richter hernia in an anterior sacral foramen
Authors: Couse N. F. , Pickford I. , MacFie J. , Lee T. C. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractAn external hernia is an abnormal protrusion of intraabdominal tissue or the whole or part of a viscus through an opening or fascial defect in the abdominal wall (Deveney, 1985); where a portion of the bowel circumference protrudes into the hernial sac it is termed a Richter hernia. Most commonly, the antimesenteric border of the distal ileum protrudes into the femoral or inguinal rings (Frankau, 1931), presenting as intestinal obstruction (50%), perforation (35%), or perforation leading to an intestinal cutaneous fistula (15%) (Gillespie et al., 1956). One case has been reported of a Richter hernia in an anterior sacral foramen (Botsford, 1977). This is the second such report but, after perforation, the route taken by the intestinal contents through the gluteal region, resulting in cellulitis of the anterolateral aspect of the right thigh, is unique.
Sphincter of the hepatopancreatic ampulla (Oddi): A morphological study
Authors: Gaudio E. , Venuta F. , Ricci M. , Onori P. , Marinozzi G. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe precise morphology of the human sphincter of Oddi was investigated. Anatomic samples, including the terminal portion of the bile duct and main pancreatic ducts, the major duodenal papilla, and the periampullary duodenal wall, were removed from 22 cadavers of various ages of patients who had died without any history of biliary or pancreatic disease.The specimens were fixed and processed by routine techniques and examined by light microscopy; serial sections were stained with haematoxylin‐eosin, Masson's trichrome, and Van Gieson methods.The muscular bundles of the human sphincter of Oddi were divided into the following tracts: The X‐Y tract, the distance from the papillary opening to the first muscular thickening that showed a circular trend; the Y‐Z tract, the thickest portion of the circular muscular bundles (the true sphincter of the hepatopancreatic ampulla( (HPA) (Oddi), reinforced by fibres arising from the duodenal wall and the Z‐W tract, the terminal thinner portion of the circular bundles that pass from the duodenal wall to the bile duct. The X′, Y′, Z′, and W′ points were fixed by the same criteria along the wall of the main pancreatic duct.The single tracts were measured, and the data derived therefrom subjected to statistical analysis.
Age‐related thickness of the penile tunica albuginea
Authors: MacBride Robert G. , Blight Edward M. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe thickness of the fibrous connective tissue sheath around the corpus cavernosum was measured in a population of 41 men aged 30–90 years. Specimens were obtained from embalmed cadavers and compared with tissue from fresh cadavers. Sections of tissue were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, Masson's trichrome, or VerHoeff‐Van Gieson's to show the connective tissue in the best manner. The thickness was correlated with the presence of inflammation and/ or fibrosis and showed an age‐dependent thinning after the sixth decade of life. The results are related to the age occurrence of Peyronie's disease and the possibility of men with chronic thickening of the tunica albuginea having a predisposition toward developing the disease.
Problem‐based learning in the surgery clerkship: A change in philosophy
Authors: Schwartz Richard W. , Nash Phyllis P. , Middleton Jayne L. , Witte Florence M. , Weeks Lorne E. , Young Byron 
Published: February 2005

AbstractIn the academic year 1989–1990, the Department of Surgery at the University of Kentucky College of Medicine introduced a modified third‐year surgery clerkship. Its goals were to eliminate the lecture method of instruction, to involve students actively in the educational process, and to emphasize decision‐making and problem‐solving skills in the third year of medical school. Hands‐on training in patient care procedures would be offered in a fourth‐year acting internship after students had learned both problem‐solving and life‐long learning skills while concurrently developing a medical knowledge base. Students were removed from the traditional surgical service teams, since it was decided that team duties might be detrimental to educational goals. Problem‐based tutorial sessions were designed, and a block of unscheduled time was provided for students to use in obtaining, exploring, and reflecting on medical information. Informal comparisons of students in the previous clerkships with those in the modified clerkship have noted positive changes in the students' intellectual maturity, motivation, enthusiasm, and time‐management skills. Faculty and students have responded positively to the programs which are part of this innovative clerkship.
Valveless testicular veins: A possible etiological factor in varicocele
Authors: Kuypers P. , Kang N. , Ellis H. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractVaricocele occurs in approximately 15% of the male population. It affects the left side of the scrotum in 90% of subjects, is bilateral in 9%, and right sided in only less than 1%. Its etiology remains controversial. Hypotheses include: the longer length of the left testicular vein, its right‐angle entry into the left renal vein, the “nut‐cracker” pressure of the superior mesenteric vein, pressure of a loaded sigmoid colon, failure of the fasciomuscular venous pump of the spermatic cord, and absence of valves in the left vein.We have investigated the last hypothesis in a study of 31 male dissecting room cadavers and 15 male autopsy subjects. On the left side, valves were absent throughout the course of the main testicular vein in 20 subjects, and on the right they were absent in eight. However, on the left side six subjects also had an accessory testicular vein; in five of these, valves were absent. On the right, two subjects had an accessory vein, but both had valves present. Thus a valveless venous pathway of drainage was present in 25 of the subjects on the left and eight on the right. This difference was statistically significant to P < 0.001.This correlates with the experimental production of varicocele in the dog 3 months after testicular valve destruction (Saypol et al. J Clin Invest 68:39, 1981).
Ligaments of the lumbar neural foramina: A sectional anatomic study
Authors: Nowicki Bruce H. , Haughton Victor M. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe ligaments of the lumbar neural foramina have not been systematically described. We sectioned the lumbar spines of 15 cadavers in the sagittal plane with a cryomicrotome and identified the ligaments in the neural foramina. Fibrous ligaments were identified in every lumbar neural foramen. The most constant ligament was a band of fibrous tissue behind the anulus fibrosus and distinct from it, originating in one vertebral body and inserting in the next. Ligaments connecting the posterior disc margin and the superior articular process were found in 48% of the neural foramina. A band of fibrous tissue originating from the anulus fibrosus and inserting along the pedicle and superior articular process was found in 44% of the foramina. Three other distinct types of ligament were found less commonly. Ligaments, which some investigators believe may contribute to lateral spinal stenosis, are commonly present in the neural foramina.
Demonstrator posts and the teaching of anatomy: A survey of former anatomy demonstrators at the University of Manchester, England
Authors: Willan P. L. T. , Whitmore Ian , Chatterjee Anupam 
Published: February 2005

AbstractPostal questionnaires were sent to anatomy demonstrators who had been in that post at the University of Manchester, England, between 1975 and 1986. Replies received from 83 former staff (faculty) (72% response rate), of whom 79 were medical graduates, indicated that the posts were thought of very highly for learning to teach, for studying for the Primary Examinations for Fellowship of the Royal Colleges of Surgeons (FRCS), and for gaining subsequent employment. The 93% success rate for those who took the Primary FRCS Examination, usually while in the post, is remarkable. The results of the survey and the future for demonstrator posts are discussed in the light of changes in the regulations for the FRCS Examinations, changes in the university environment for biological subjects, and changes in the financial circumstances of both the universities and the National Health Service.
Observations on a double inferior vena cava: A case report with a literature review
Authors: Lewis S. J. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractA case of double inferior cava is described. The vessels involved in this anomalous system were measured. The probable embryonic origin of this anomaly is considered in the light of some previously described cases with which this case is compared. How this anomaly should be properly described is also addressed. An anatomical marker for the condition is also suggested. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Anatomical characteristics of the iliopubic tract: Implications for repair of inguinal hernias
Authors: Gilroy Anne M. , Marks Sandy C. , Lei Qingfang , Page David W. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe high recurrence rate of inguinal hernias following primary repair has prompted us to re‐examine the anatomy of the inguinal region with particular emphasis on the iliopubic tract (IPT). The IPT is described as an aponeurotic band forming the inferior margin of the transversus abdominis lamina. We documented the presence and degree of development of the IPT in dissections of 151 embalmed inguinal regions and in serial sagittal sections of four body halves. The iliopubic tract was identified in all specimens. It stretched between the anterior superior iliac spine laterally and the pubic tubercle and the pubic tubercle and pectineal line medially. The intervening arch formed a discrete structure of variable thickness and was substantial in 63 specimens. Histological sections demonstrated that the IPT is connected to the inguinal ligament, fascia lata, and anterior femoral sheath and is composed primarily of collagenous fibers with a minor elastic component. These data indicate that the iliopubic tract is a consistent and easily identified structure in the inguinal regions. These results suggest that dissection of the iliopubic tract, like the inguinal ligament, should become an integral part of the assessment of groin anatomy during hernia repair. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Villous microvascular changes in small intestine transplantation in rats
Authors: Yamataka Atsuyuki , Miyano Takeshi , Sasaki Katsunori , Nozawa Masumi 
Published: February 2005

AbstractTo examine the microvascular changes of villi after transplantation, the small intestine was transplanted in 36 Wistar/Shi rats (16 syngeneic, 20 allogeneic; donor Lewis). At days 1, 4, 8, and 10, four rats of the syngeneic group and five of the allogeneic group were killed. Corrosion casts of the vessels of the graft were prepared and examined by scanning electron microscopy. In the grafts of each group at 1 day, the villous microvascular casts were reduced in height, and the capillary plexus was much less dense, with signs of degeneration. By 4 days, however, the villi of syngeneic grafts had been restored to normal, both in their dimensions and in the richness of the capillary plexus. On the other hand, the microvascular casts of allografts at the same stage showed the villi still to be greatly reduced in height, although the density of the capillary net had been restored essentially to normal. At 8 and 10 days, the allogeneic grafts again showed short villi, but with greatly reduced capillary networks, Our results suggest that the regeneration of intestinal villi following ischemic damage at operation is rapid in syngeneic grafts and that in allogeneic grafts the processes of rejection had started by 4 days. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Anatomical variations of the renal arteries and renal transplantation
Authors: Coen L. D. , Raftery A. T. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThis study reports a retrospective analysis of the details of the anatomy of the renal arteries of 403 kidney donors and the arterial complications related to 513 subsequent kidney transplants in our transplant unit. Multiple renal arteries occurred bilaterally in 10.2% of donors and unilaterally in 20.8%, a total incidence of 31%. There was a higher incidence of vascular‐related complications following transplantation of kidneys with multiple renal arteries. Attention is drawn to the need for careful technique in identification of multiple renal vessels, especially aberrant vessels, at the time of donor nephrectomy and also to the different techniques available for anastomosis of multiple renal arteries in kidney transplant recipients. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A review of venous collaterals in inferior vena cava obstruction
Authors: Golub Robert M. , Parsons Richard E. , Sigel Bernard , Barnes Anne U. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to review venous collateralization resulting from inferior vena cava obstruction. The elements responsible for the extent and distribution of venous collaterals in inferior vena cava obstruction and whether or not the obstructive lesion involves tributaries of the inferior vena cava. Common etiologies of inferior vena cava obstruction include extensions of iliofemoral vein thrombi, thrombosis from intraluminal tumors or following trauma, and external compression. The anatomy of the venous collateral systems may be divided into deep and superficial networks, each of which is composed of systems of primary or secondary clinical significance, as defined by the degree of restoration of adequate venous return and the extent of visceral venous decompression.The most common obstructions of the inferior vena cava involve the lower third of the vessel. The azygos‐hemiazygos and vertebral venous plexus systems play the most significant roles, while the superficial systems are less prominently involved. In upper level inferior vena cava obstruction, reestablishment of venous circulation is less developed, which usually leads to a poorer clinical outcome. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An autoradiographic study of the distribution of the vagus nerve in the wall of the ferret stomach
Authors: Al‐Muhtaseb M. H. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractIn this study, the normal distribution of the dorsal and ventral vagal trunks in the wall of the stomach of the ferret was investigated by the method of partial acute vagotomy and analyzed by light autoradiography. The dorsal trunk is distributed to the dorsal surface of the body and both surfaces of the pylorus. The ventral trunk reaches principally to the body of the ventral surface of the stomach. Three months after partial vagotomy, tritiated leucine was injected into the vagal dorsal motor nucleus to map any anatomical changes in the gastric distribution of each abdominal vagal trunk.Three months after dorsal trunk vagotomy, the ventral trunk invaded the territory of the dorsal trunk close to the lesser curvature of the body of the stomach by reactive sprouting. Three months after ventral trunk vagotomy, the dorsal trunk spread to innervate the ventral surface of the stomach that formerly was innervated by the ventral trunk.Three months after ventral trunk vagotomy, regrown connection of the ventral trunk was observed crossing over the ligature to the denervated areas of the ventral surface of the stomach. This result was observed in the three animals of chronic ventral vagotomy only, and the histological examination of the regrown connection showed that it was neuronal.This phenomenon of the compensatory reactive sprouting of the surviving vagal nerve terminals, whether regenerative or terminal, may explain the recovery of gastric function. This could account for some of the failures of partial vagotomy in humans. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A cadaveric study of the peroneus tertius muscle
Authors: Stevens Kathryn , Platt Alastair , Ellis Harold 
Published: February 2005

AbstractMost anatomy textbooks state that peroneus tertius arises from the distal third of the fibula and is inserted into the fifth metatarsal. In a study of one limb from each of 40 cadavers, peroneus tertius was absent in 2 limbs, and in 35 it arose from the lower middle quarter of the fibula. The origin was continuous with that of extensor digitorum longus in 33 limbs, and the length of the origin was correlated with the width of the tendon (r = 0.67). The tendon was single in 37 limbs and double in 1. Intertendinous connections between peroneus tertius and extensor digitorum longus were found in 6 limbs. The trapezoidal insertion of peroneus tertius into the fifth metatarsal was bifurcate in two cases and trifurcate in one. Our study suggested that the standard textbook descriptions of peroneus tertius need to be revised. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Multiple accessory spleens: Case report and literature review
Authors: Abu‐Hijleh Marwan F. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractAccessory spleens may be overlooked during splenectomy. Consequently, a second splenectomy may be necessary. This report concerns the occurrence of multiple accessory spleens discovered during routine dissection of a male cadaver. Their size ranged from 0.5 to 6 cm, and they were located in the hilus and ligaments of a spleen with a normal appearance. Their splenic structure was confirmed histologically. The embryological basis of accessory spleens is re‐examined, and the frequency of their occurrence and their clinical significance are reviewed. The purpose of this paper is to alert the practicing surgeon again to the existence and significance of accessory spleens. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Posteriorly situated retroperitoneal colon: A study using CT and MRI
Authors: Dixon A. K. , Henderson P. J. , Oliver J. L. , Matthewson M. H. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractIn a patient with symptoms attributable to lumbar spine disease, computed tomography (CT) demonstrated the descending colon lying in an exceptionally posteromedial position. The colon, within the retroperitoneal fat, passed between the psoas major and quadratus lumborum muscles, thereby abutting the normal left L4 ventral ramus lateral to the L5 pedicle. Although it remains debatable whether this curious anatomical arrangement was responsible for this patient's symptoms, the case prompted us to see how often the colon was situated so posteromedially. Among 33 consecutive patients whose abdominal CT images were analyzed, this close anatomical relationship was seen in only one patient; it was not seen in any of 50 randomly selected patients undergoing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the lumbar spine. As judged by CT measurements, the average position of the most posteromedial portion of the descending colon lies 5 mm anterolateral to a plane joining the anterolateral margins of the psoas major, quadratus lumborum, and iliacus muscles and 54 mm from the ventral ramus. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.