bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PathoCoder: Rethinking the Flaws of Patch‐Based Learning for Multi‐Class Classification in Computational Pathology
Authors: Idlahcen Ferdaous , Mboukou Pierjos Francis Colere , Idri Ali , El Attar Hicham 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTPathology‐based decision support systems in clinical settings have faced impediments from data preparation beforehand, large‐scale manual annotations, and poor domain generalization. We report a unified hybrid framework with only raw, slide‐level label images. The method, which we termed PathoCoder, comprises core feature extractors, a feature combiner/reduction, and a supervised classifier. It is trained (through 5‐fold cross‐validation) on 2452 SurePath cervical liquid‐based whole‐slide captures, provided from Mendeley repository. Tests resulted in 98.37%, 98.37%, 98.41%, and 98.37% in accuracy, precision, recall, and F1, respectively. Extensive experiments validate the proposed scheme and versatility enough to accommodate epithelial ovarian tumor histotypes. Our method paves the way for more accelerated advancements in pathology AI by reducing patch/pixel‐based annotation and good tissue quality dependency. Its applicability spans diverse classification tasks with varying tissue content and holds potential for real‐world implementation.
Visualization of Unhatched Brine Shrimp Eggs in Zebrafish Intestines Using Synchrotron Radiation Phase‐Contrast CT
Authors: Tang Rongbiao , Wang Feixiang , Li Ke , Chen Yi , Fu Yanan , Chen Ke‐Min 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBrine shrimp are an ideal bait for zebrafish with high protein content. In laboratory settings, brine shrimp eggs (BSEs) are commonly used to hatch for acquiring brine shrimp. However, not all BSEs are able to successfully hatch into brine shrimp. Actually, some unhatched BSEs (UBSEs) retain and are collected along with the brine shrimp as bait. The digestibility of UBSEs and their potential impact on the digestive system of zebrafish have not been demonstrated. In this study, high‐resolution synchrotron radiation phase‐contrast CT (PCCT) was used to show the internal structures of UBSEs. Morphological changes of UBSEs were investigated after digestion in zebrafish intestines. The visualization of shell rupturing, collapsing, and shattering of UBSEs reveals that zebrafish intestines exerted much extra useless effort to digest the UBSEs. The results indicate that UBSEs should be completely discarded from the bait of brine shrimp before feeding zebrafish.
Medical debt in America, Part II: Financial support for the most vulnerable
Authors: Shultz Blake N. , Ahmed Ahmed M. , Messac Luke 
Published: February 2025

AbstractIn this second part of a series on medical debt and the costs of care, we examine the past and present financial protections for low‐income patients at nonprofit hospitals. Born of almshouses and religious orders, nonprofit hospitals were devoted at their founding to the care of the poor. However, over the course of the twentieth century, they became more focused on high‐priced care for paying patients. Federal regulations surrounding tax exemption and charity care have been loosened to allow hospitals to spend relatively little on financial assistance, contributing to inequitable and inadequate financial protections for low‐income patients.
Carbon‐Based Nanomaterials Alter the Behavior and Gene Expression Patterns of Bacteria
Authors: Afrasiabi Shima , Partoazar Alireza , Goudarzi Ramin , Dehpour Ahmad Reza 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTOne of the most dangerous characteristics of bacteria is their propensity to form biofilms and their resistance to the drugs used in clinical practice today. The total number of genes that can be categorized as virulence genes ranges from a few hundred to more than a thousand. The bacteria employ a variety of mechanisms to regulate the expression of these genes in a coordinated manner during infection. The search for new agents with anti‐virulence capacity is therefore crucial. Nanotechnology provides safe platforms for targeted therapies to combat a broad spectrum of microbial infections. As a new class of innovative materials, carbon‐based nanomaterials (CBNs), which include carbon dots, carbon nanotubes, graphene, and fullerenes can have strong antibacterial activity. Exposure to CBNs has been shown to affect bacterial gene expression patterns. This study investigated the effect of CBNs on the repression of specific genes related to bacterial virulence/pathogenicity.
Stress‐Induced Response and Adaptation Mechanisms in Bacillus licheniformis PSKA1 Exposed With Abiotic and Antibiotic Stresses
Authors: Kadapure Arihant Jayawant , Dalbanjan Nagarjuna Prakash , S.K. Praveen Kumar 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTSoil ecosystems consist of diverse microbial communities with great potential for ecological and biotechnological applications. These communities encounter various abiotic stresses, which expedite the activation of transient overexpression of heat shock proteins (HSPs). In the present study, a soil bacterium was isolated and identified as Bacillus licheniformis strain PSK.A1, and its growth parameters were optimized before exposing it to heat, salt, pH, and antibiotic stress conditions. Comparative protein expression was analyzed using SDS‐PAGE, protein stabilization via protein aggregation assays, and survival through single spot dilution and colony‐counting methods under various stress conditions. The pre‐treatment of short stress dosage showed endured overall tolerance of bacterium to lethal conditions, as evidenced by moderately enhanced total soluble intracellular protein content, better protein stabilization, comparatively over‐expressed HSPs, and relatively enhanced cell survival. The findings highlighted that cells grown under optimal conditions were more susceptible to lethal environments than stressed cells, with their enhanced tolerance linked to the overexpression of 20 distinct HSPs of 17–91 kD. These insights offer the potential for developing strategies to enhance microbial resilience for various applications including bacterial bioprocessing, bio‐remediation, and infectious disease management.
Obstacles to meeting nutritional recommendations in a tertiary pediatric intensive care unit
Authors: Morice Claire , Chaparro Corinne Jotterand , Polito Angelo , Rimensberger Peter , McLin Valérie Anne 
Published: February 2025

AbstractObjectivesOptimal nutrition is associated with positive outcomes in critically ill children. In 2017, the Society of Critical Care Medicine (SCCM) and the American Society of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (ASPEN) updated guidelines for nutritional support for this population. However, implementation of these guidelines may be delayed due to clinical barriers. We aimed to assess our practice against the recommendations of the ASPEN guidelines, hypothesizing that caregiver bias and clinical factors may hinder their implementation in our pediatric intensive care unit (PICU).MethodsWe focused on two ASPEN recommendations: (1) feeding within 48 h (48H) of admission and (2) meeting two thirds of estimated caloric requirements after seven calendar days. All children aged 1 month to 16 years admitted to our PICU from July 2017 to January 2020 were eligible. Using a retrospective chart review, nutritional and clinical data were collected at the time of admission, at 48H, and 7 calendar days after admission.ResultsA total of 533 patients were included. After 48H of admission to the PICU, 402 out of 533 (75.4%) patients received feeding. The following factors were associated with not reaching nutritional goals at 48H: invasive ventilation support, inotropic and vasoactive support, and extracorporeal life support. After 7 days, 95 out of 118 (80.5%) received two thirds of caloric needs. At 7 days, the main obstacle to meeting caloric goals was invasive ventilation.ConclusionIn a representative tertiary PICU, barriers to meeting ASPEN nutritional recommendations included hemodynamic instability or invasive ventilator support, especially within the first 48H of admission.
Improving predictability of post‐operative knee joint line obliquity in high tibial osteotomy: A new radiographic parameter correcting for foot position
Authors: Mertens M. , van Beek N. , Claes T. , Vleugels W. J. , Nys Y. , Claes S. , Bartholomeeusen S. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractPurposeJoint line obliquity is crucial for the long‐term success of a high tibial osteotomy (HTO), particularly when large corrections are made. The relationship between the size of correction and changes in joint line obliquity (KJLO) is complex, often leading to the preference for a double‐level osteotomy to manage significant post‐operative obliquity. We aim to improve the prediction of knee joint line orientation changes and correction size by examining the influence of foot position. The goal is to develop a linear model to predict post‐operative KJLO, which could assist in determining whether a single‐ or double‐level osteotomy is necessary to prevent excessive post‐operative joint line obliquity.MethodsA retrospective radiographic analysis was conducted on patients who underwent HTO surgery between April 2016 and April 2017. Ninety‐one patients were randomly selected for radiographic measurements on long‐leg radiographs pre‐ and 3‐month post‐operative. A novel radiographic parameter was introduced to realign the foot of the operated side to the midline. The foot position relative to the midline was assessed by determining the angle formed when rotating the natural foot position onto the midline using the centre of the hip as a rotation point. The angle obtained by subtracting this from the KJLO results in a corrected KJLO for midline foot position (aKJLO).ResultsPredictive model of differences between pre‐ and post‐operative values of MPTA (ΔMPTA [medial proximal tibial angle]) and KJLO (ΔKJLO) was less predictive (0.185 [p < 0.001]) than ΔMPTA and ΔKJLO corrected for foot position, namely ΔaKJLO (0.688 [p < 0.001]). Adding more parameters did not significantly improve the linear model's predictions.ConclusionPredictability of aKJLO could be significantly enhanced. With this new parameter, inter‐ and intra‐variability of foot position is bypassed. A safe MPTA position of 91° can be presumed; however, inter‐individual variability in limb adaptation following correction remains uncertain.Level of EvidenceLevel IV.
Robotic‐assisted partial knee surgery performances: A 10‐year follow‐up retrospective study
Authors: Perazzini Piergiuseppe , Sembenini Paolo , Alberton Francesco , Cochetti Andrea , Innocenti Bernardo , Bori Edoardo 
Published: February 2025

AbstractPurposeRobotic surgery has emerged as an advanced technique for facilitating knee prosthesis implantation, especially in cases requiring high precision. However, due to the recent introduction and implementation of this approach, long‐term data on its outcomes remain limited in the literature. This study aims to assess implant survival, complications and reoperation rates resulting from robotic arm‐assisted partial knee arthroplasties, with a long‐term follow‐up period.MethodsA retrospective analysis was conducted on 236 patients who underwent robotic arm‐assisted partial knee arthroplasty, with a minimum follow‐up of 10 years. Clinical outcomes were evaluated, focusing on implant survival, complications, reoperation rates, and overall patient satisfaction. The study primarily examined medial unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA), with Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), Knee Society Score (KSS) Part 1 and KSS Function scores assessed preoperatively and at the last follow‐up.ResultsAmong the 236 patients, 212 were available at the last follow‐up; satisfaction rates were overall positive, with 210 patients reporting being ‘satisfied’ or ‘very satisfied’. Both WOMAC score and KSS showed statistically significant improvement postoperatively, both globally and in UKA patients specifically.ConclusionsThe study demonstrates excellent long‐term satisfaction rates, improved clinical outcomes and implant survival with minimal surgical morbidity. These findings offer valuable insights into the effectiveness of robotic arm‐assisted knee arthroplasty.Level of EvidenceLevel III, retrospective comparative study.
Evaluation of Mean Performance and Stability of Lentil Genotypes According to Combination of Additive Main Effects and Multiplicative Interaction, and Best Linear Unbiased Prediction Methods
Authors: Pezeshkpour Payam , Naseri Bita , Amiri Reza , Mirzaei Amir , Shobeiri Seyedeh Soudabeh , Karami Iraj 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThis research (2020–2022) aimed to evaluate the interaction of genotype × environment with seed yield and stability of performance for 19 lentil genotypes and cultivars using additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) and best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP) in a rainfed, semi‐temperate region. Results of the likelihood ratio test (LRT) showed significant effects of genotype and genotype × environment interaction on seed yield, suggesting the best BLUP for datasets. Based on the AMMI stability value (ASV), Genotypes 8, 2, 12, 10, and 5 were stable in performance. According to two principal components of AMMI, Genotypes 10, 11, and 2 were stable in performance. Mosaic graph indicated that genotype and genotype × environment interaction explained 15.45% and 84.55% of total variance, respectively. The weighted average of mean performance (WAASBY) index according to BLUP showed high‐yielding and performance stability of Genotypes 6, 12, and 15. Therefore, the WAASBY index was determined to be the best index to evawluate stable lentil genotypes across different environments.
Dynamic Plasmonic Full‐Color Generation via Machine Learning and Liquid Crystals
Authors: Li Kexin , Yuan Shuangxiu , Zhang Jialing , Tian Yuan , Li Jinhong , You Bin , Zhu Xiaolong 
Published: February 2025

AbstractMiniaturized color pixels are crucial for the infrastructure of modern printing and display. In this study, plasmonic colors are generated by via polarization excitations within nanostructures composed of naturally abundant aluminum. We utilized the excitation and detection polarizations of light to achieve vibrant plasmonic colors and dramatically expand the range of the available colors by hybridize plasmonic resonances. Plasmonic full‐color pixels and real‐life artwork are produced using genetic algorithms based on a polarization‐dependent color space. Furthermore, dynamically tuned plasmonic color pixels are demonstrated by triggering electroresponsive liquid crystals. The plasmonic color technologies are expected to facilitate color applications ranging from surface decoration, digital displays, and optical security devices to durable optical data storage.
Kurtosis as a Decisive Topographic Parameter for Pitting Attack of AISI 304L Stainless Steel
Authors: Kalhor Alireza , Sohrabi Mohammad Javad , Mobasheri Mohammad , Rodak Kinga , Dehghanian Changiz , Mirzadeh Hamed 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThe effects of the centerline average (Ra), kurtosis (Rku), and Cr concentration at the surface on the pitting corrosion resistance of AISI 304L stainless steel were studied based on the modification of the corroding surface by mechanical polishing and electropolishing routes. The values of EP − Ecorr, EP − Erp, and iP were devised as the quantitative measures of pitting resistance, where EP is the pitting potential, Erp is the repassivation potential, Ecorr is the corrosion potential, and iP is the passive current density. Preliminary, the improved resistance against pitting corrosion was associated with the reduced Ra and the elevated Cr concentration on the surface. However, more intense analysis revealed that the samples with Rku < ~3 (platykurtic distribution) exhibited a good resistance to pitting attack, irrespective of the values of Ra and Cr content. Accordingly, the importance of the Rku as a decisive topographic parameter for pitting attack was established.
Urea‐Modified Lignin‐Derived Nitrogen‐Doped Porous Carbon Materials: Synthesis and CO2 Adsorption Properties
Authors: Bao Siriguleng , Bao Yong Sheng , Bao Agula 
Published: February 2025

AbstractLignin has a high carbon content, but the production of porous carbon materials from it is challenging because of its complex structure and stable physicochemical properties. In this study, nitrogen‐doped porous carbon materials are prepared by impregnating lignin with urea, using potassium hydroxide (KOH) as an activator. The physicochemical properties of the samples are investigated using various characterization methods. The results showed that the CO2 adsorption capacity of the sample LUN‐10‐7, which has a urea solution concentration of 10% and an immersion time of 7 days, is 3.80 mmol g−1 at 1 bar and 298 K. The characterization results indicated that the abundant pore structure and excellent surface chemistry enhanced the sample's CO2 adsorption performance. Additionally, the sample demonstrated high CO2/N2 selectivity and cyclic stability, making it suitable for practical applications as an adsorbent.
Nanochitin From Crab Shells: Production, Chemical Modification, Composite Materials, and Physiological Functions
Authors: Ifuku Shinsuke , Kaminaka Hironori , Shams Md. Iftekhar 
Published: February 2025

AbstractLarge quantities of crab shells are generated in food‐processing plants. In this review, the authors summarize a series of research findings on the production of nanochitin, its physical properties, chemical modifications, and functions, which have not been fully addressed in existing literature. Nanochitin, which has a width of 10 nm, is derived from chitin, the main component of crab shells, using a technology similar to that used to produce nanocellulose from wood. Unlike conventional chitin, nanochitin is well dispersed in water, making it easy to mold and process into various products for different applications. They can also be modified for specific uses through processes such as acylation and etherification to enhance their physical properties and add functionality. Nanochitin, which are known for their exceptional mechanical strength, can be blended with resins to create composite films with improved strength and elasticity. These films maintain the transparency of the resin, reduce its thermal expansion, and offer reinforcement. Chitin and its derivative chitosan are used as wound dressings, hemostatic agents, and health foods. Nanochitin and its deacetyl derivatives have diverse functions such as topical medicine for the skin, ingestion as a health food, and use as pesticides or fertilizers for plants.
Synthesis of Alternating Copolymers with Substituents Containing Heteroatoms and the Regulation of Nontraditional Intrinsic Luminescence
Authors: Leng Haitao , Bai Hongyuan , Wang Xuefei , Yan Hong , Chen Siwei , Yu Feiyang , Han Li , Ma Hongwei 
Published: February 2025

AbstractCompared with other sequence structure polymers, alternating polymers usually have several unique properties, but their properties are more sensitive to changes in structure. By investigating the relationship between the structure and properties of alternating polymer chains, polymers with desired properties can likely be synthesized. In this study, a series of alternating copolymers of 1,1‐diphenylethylene (DPE) derivatives and styrene derivatives, which exhibit nontraditional intrinsic luminescence (NTIL), are synthesized using living anionic polymerization. By changing the bridge plane structure of the DPE derivatives and the substituent groups of the styrene derivatives, the rigid chain structure of the alternating copolymers containing styrene derivative with a large steric hindrance is altered, and this change is observed by the altered fluorescence properties. Based on the results from experimental tests and theoretical simulations, copolymers with bridge plane structures have higher fluorescence emission intensities; moreover, a balance is observed between the electronic and steric hindrance effects of substituents on the fluorescence intensities, and polymer chains that are too rigid cause a decrease in the fluorescence intensities. Thus, the influence of the chain structure on the fluorescence properties of NTIL polymers cannot be disregarded.
Environmental Certification, Consumer Greenness, and Greenwashing
Authors: Wittreich Theresa 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThis paper investigates the welfare effects of imperfect environmental certification and its efficacy as an environmental policy tool within a partially covered product market and price competition among firms. Using a game‐theoretic model, I find that a truth‐revealing certification mechanism – that emerges for a sufficiently precise certification mechanism or high certification fee – can enhance welfare while consistently outperforming a pooling mechanism. While greenwashing cannot benefit the economy in price competition, it may have different implications in quantity competition. The study highlights that a truth‐revealing certification mechanism is crucial for effectively reducing environmental damage, offering valuable insights for policymakers.
A Quantitative Maintenance Policy Development Framework for a Fleet of Self‐Service Systems
Authors: Wei Yian , Cheng Yao , Liao Haitao 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTSelf‐service systems, such as electric vehicle charging piles (EVCPs), are commonly deployed in fleets without on‐site personnel. To handle service failures, frequent and thorough maintenance can be conducted to ensure a high service level, but it may also result in significant maintenance costs. Apparently, balancing the service level (and consequently, the revenue) with maintenance costs is essential for operators aiming to maximize their profit. However, achieving this balance is challenging and underexplored due to the inherent and unique characteristics of self‐service systems. In this paper, we present a quantitative maintenance policy development framework to maximize the long‐term profit rate of a fleet of self‐service systems. First, we introduce a novel three‐dimensional maintenance policy that optimizes the timing and level of maintenance actions. Next, we develop a triple‐layer model to characterize the fleet's state transition, considering the fleet's behavior within demand arrival cycles, across demand arrival cycles, and across maintenance epochs. We also define important metrics and study their properties for assessing the service level and profit rate of the fleet. To facilitate policy optimization, we develop a Kriging‐based optimization algorithm capable of efficiently solving the associated mixed‐integer nonlinear optimization problem with a vast search space. Finally, we offer several managerial implications for identifying applicable scenarios for the proposed maintenance policy and assessing the impact of crucial parameters on both maintenance policy and profit. A fleet of eight EVCPs in Hong Kong is studied to illustrate how the proposed quantitative framework and these managerial implications assist the operator in enhancing their profitability.
Exact and Heuristic Solution Approaches for the Cluster Deletion Problem on General Graphs
Authors: Ambrosio Giuseppe , Cerulli Raffaele , Serra Domenico , Sorgente Carmine , Vaccaro Ugo 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTA cluster graph is a disjoint union of cliques, obtained by clustering the nodes of a given network and then removing the edges between nodes assigned to different clusters. The Cluster Deletion problem asks for the smallest subset of edges to be removed from a network in order to produce a cluster graph, which is equivalent to determining the largest subset of edges to be preserved. The problem finds application in many fields, including computational biology, bioinformatics, and wireless sensor networks, and it is known to be ‐hard on general graphs. In this work, we formulate the problem as an integer linear program, and we devise a heuristic approach based on edge contraction operations. We test the proposed approaches on both artificial instances and benchmark biological networks.