bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nesting behavior is associated with body weight and grip strength loss in mice suffering from experimental arthritis
Authors: Dietrich Tamara , Aigner Annette , Hildebrandt Alexander , Weber Jérôme , Meyer Günderoth Mara , Hohlbaum Katharina , Keller Johannes , Tsitsilonis Serafeim , Maleitzke Tazio 
Published: December 2023

AbstractObjective animal health evaluation is essential to determine welfare and discomfort in preclinical in vivo research. Body condition scores, body weight, and grimace scales are commonly used to evaluate well-being in murine rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis experiments. However, nest-building, a natural behavior in mice, has not yet been evaluated in wild type (WT) or genetically modified rodents suffering from collagen antibody-induced arthritis (CAIA). To address this, we analyzed nesting behavior in WT mice, calcitonin gene-related peptide alpha-deficient (αCGRP-/-) mice, and calcitonin receptor-deficient (Calcr-/-) mice suffering from experimental RA compared to healthy control (CTRL) groups of the same genotypes. CAIA was induced in 10–12-week-old male mice, and clinical parameters (body weight, grip strength, clinical arthritis score, ankle size) as well as nesting behavior were assessed over 10 or 48 days. A slight positive association between the nest score and body weight and grip strength was found for animals suffering from CAIA. For the clinical arthritis score and ankle size, no significant associations were observed. Mixed model analyses confirmed these associations. This study demonstrates that clinical effects of RA, such as loss of body weight and grip strength, might negatively affect nesting behavior in mice. Assessing nesting behavior in mice with arthritis could be an additional, non-invasive and thus valuable health parameter in future experiments to monitor welfare and discomfort in mice. During severe disease stages, pre-formed nest-building material may be provided to animals suffering from arthritis.
Unconjugated bilirubin is correlated with the severeness and neurodevelopmental outcomes in neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy
Authors: Lee Inn-Chi , Yu Chin-Sheng , Hu Ya-Chun , Wang Xing-An 
Published: December 2023

AbstractUnconjugated bilirubin (UB) levels during the first week after birth are related to outcomes in neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). Clinical Sarnat staging of HIE, brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), hearing outcomes, and neurodevelopmental outcomes ≥ 1 year were used to correlate UB in 82 HIE patients. The initial UB level was significantly correlated with lactic acid levels. The peak UB was higher (p < 0.001) in stage I (10.13 ± 4.03 mg/dL, n = 34) than in stages II and III (6.11 ± 2.88 mg/dL, n = 48). Among the 48 patients receiving hypothermia treatment, a higher peak UB was significantly (p < 0.001) correlated with unremarkable brain MRI scans and unremarkable neurodevelopmental outcomes at age ≥ 1 year. The peak UB were higher (P = 0.015) in patients free of seizures until 1 year of age (6.63 ± 2.91 mg/dL) than in patients with seizures (4.17 ± 1.77 mg/dL). Regarding hearing outcomes, there were no significant differences between patients with and without hearing loss. The UB level in the first week after birth is an important biomarker for clinical staging, MRI findings, seizures after discharge before 1 year of age, and neurodevelopmental outcomes at ≥ 1 year of age.
Impact of crystalline orientation on Cu–Cu solid-state bonding behavior by molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Tatsumi Hiroaki , Kao C. R. , Nishikawa Hiroshi 
Published: December 2023

AbstractHigh-density electronics are hindered by the constraints of Sn-based solder joints, necessitating the exploration of Cu–Cu solid-state bonding. However, current bonding methods are expensive and time-consuming; therefore, understanding the Cu–Cu bonding mechanism is crucial for optimization. This study utilizes molecular dynamics (MD) simulation to elucidate the Cu–Cu solid-state bonding behavior, focusing on interfacial densification and diffusion phenomena. Furthermore, it highlights the influence of crystal orientation on the interfacial bonding behavior. To analyze the impact of crystal orientation, monocrystalline Cu slabs with a simplified periodic surface structure were employed to replicate surface roughness and subsequently bonded at a specific temperature. The results indicate the critical influence of crystalline orientations on the bonding process: identical orientations result in slower densification at the interface, whereas misoriented orientations significantly accelerate it. This effect, attributed to the grain boundary (GB) structures formed owing to misorientation, suggests a central role for GB diffusion in bonding progression. Diffusion coefficients calculated using the mean square displacement (MSD) confirmed these findings and exhibited significantly larger values for misoriented joints. Additionally, the simulations reveal an activation energy for GB diffusion that is lower than conventional values, highlighting the impact of the crystallographic orientation and voids at the bonding interface. Our research elucidates the role of crystalline orientation in diffusion phenomena at bonding interfaces, offering valuable implications for optimizing bonding-based manufacturing processes.
Detection and classification of brain tumor using hybrid deep learning models
Authors: Babu Vimala Baiju , Srinivasan Saravanan , Mathivanan Sandeep Kumar , Mahalakshmi  , Jayagopal Prabhu , Dalu Gemmachis Teshite 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAccurately classifying brain tumor types is critical for timely diagnosis and potentially saving lives. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a widely used non-invasive method for obtaining high-contrast grayscale brain images, primarily for tumor diagnosis. The application of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) in deep learning has revolutionized diagnostic systems, leading to significant advancements in medical imaging interpretation. In this study, we employ a transfer learning-based fine-tuning approach using EfficientNets to classify brain tumors into three categories: glioma, meningioma, and pituitary tumors. We utilize the publicly accessible CE-MRI Figshare dataset to fine-tune five pre-trained models from the EfficientNets family, ranging from EfficientNetB0 to EfficientNetB4. Our approach involves a two-step process to refine the pre-trained EfficientNet model. First, we initialize the model with weights from the ImageNet dataset. Then, we add additional layers, including top layers and a fully connected layer, to enable tumor classification. We conduct various tests to assess the robustness of our fine-tuned EfficientNets in comparison to other pre-trained models. Additionally, we analyze the impact of data augmentation on the model's test accuracy. To gain insights into the model's decision-making, we employ Grad-CAM visualization to examine the attention maps generated by the most optimal model, effectively highlighting tumor locations within brain images. Our results reveal that using EfficientNetB2 as the underlying framework yields significant performance improvements. Specifically, the overall test accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score were found to be 99.06%, 98.73%, 99.13%, and 98.79%, respectively.
The association between alcohol, betel nut, and cigarette use with hepatitis C virus infection in Taiwan
Authors: Tseng Yuan-Ai , Ou Yu-Lun , Geng Jiun-Hung , Wang Chih-Wen , Wu Da-Wei , Chen Szu-Chia , Lu Po-Liang 
Published: December 2023

AbstractHepatitis C virus (HCV) infection may cause chronic liver disease, liver cirrhosis, and liver cancer. It has been reported to associate with habits including alcohol, betel nut and cigarette use. We aimed to investigate the association between alcohol, betel nut, and cigarette use with HCV infection in Taiwan and to explore their effects. A total of 121,421 participants were enrolled from the Taiwan Biobank. They were stratified into two groups according to whether they had (n = 2750; 2.3%) or did not have (n = 118,671; 97.7%) HCV infection. All participants were also classified into four groups according to the number of habits, including a history of alcohol drinking, betel nut chewing, and cigarette smoking. There were 85,406 (no habit), 24,299 (one habit), 8659 (two habits), and 3057 (three habits) participants in the four groups, respectively. Multivariable analysis showed that the participants who had an alcohol drinking history (odds ratio [OR] 1.568; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.388–1.773; p < 0.001), betel nut chewing history (OR 1.664; 95% CI 1.445–1.917; p < 0.001), cigarette smoking history (OR 1.387; 95% CI 1.254–1.535; p < 0.001), were significantly associated with HCV infection. Furthermore, the participants were classified into four groups according to the number of habits as follows: 85,406 (no habit), 24,299 (one habit), 8659 (two habits), and 3057 (three habits). The HCV infection rates in these four groups were 2.11%, 2.14%, 3.23%, and 4.78%, respectively. Compared to the participants with no or one habit, those with two habits had a higher HCV infection rate (all p < 0.001). In addition, compared to the participants who had no, one or two habits, those who had three habits also had higher HCV infection rates (all p < 0.001). The participants who had three habits had the highest prevalence of HCV infection. In an era when most HCV can be cured, understanding the epidemiology link between habits and HCV may help the case finding.
Treatment Outcomes of Clofazimine-Containing Regimens in Severe Mycobacterium avium Complex Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Lee Inhan , Hwang Eui Jin , Kim Joong-Yub , Yim Jae-Joon , Kwak Nakwon 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background
Clofazimine is suggested as a promising drug for the treatment of nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease. However, the role of clofazimine in severe Mycobacterium avium complex pulmonary disease (MAC-PD) remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the treatment outcomes of patients with severe MAC-PD treated with regimens containing clofazimine.

Methods
This study included patients diagnosed with severe MAC-PD at Seoul National University Hospital who underwent anti-mycobacterial treatment between 1 January 2011 and 31 December 2022. We assessed the rate of culture conversion within 6 months and microbiological cure in patients receiving clofazimine-containing regimens, considering the dose and duration of clofazimine administration.

Results
A total of 170 patients with severe MAC-PD, treated with regimens containing clofazimine, were included in the analysis. The median age of patients was 68 years (interquartile range, 59–75 years), with a female predominance (n = 114 [67.1%]). Cavities were identified in 121 patients (71.2%). Within 6 months, 77 patients (45.3%) achieved culture conversion, and 84 of 154 (54.6%) patients attained microbiological cure. The dose of clofazimine (100 mg vs 50 mg) was not associated with culture conversion (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.64 [95% confidence interval {CI}, .29–1.42]) or microbiological cure (aOR, 1.21 [95% CI, .52–2.81]). The microbiological cure rate reached 71.0% when clofazimine was administered for 6–12 months, compared to 23.1% when administered for &lt;6 months.

Conclusions
Clofazimine demonstrated a relatively favorable efficacy in severe MAC-PD, regardless of the maintenance dose. This effect was more pronounced when administered for a duration exceeding 6 months.
Successful Treatment of Rapidly Evolving Cutaneous Leishmaniasis With Amphotericin B and Miltefosine in an Immigrant From Venezuela
Authors: Mullis Danielle M , Shegog Evan , Studemeister Lucy , Hwang Michael 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a vector-borne disease uncommonly encountered in the United States. This case report describes a 54-year-old man presenting with rapidly progressing, pruritic, painful ulcerative lesions after recently immigrating from Venezuela. A punch biopsy confirmed infection with Leishmaniasis braziliensis. He was successfully treated with amphotericin B and miltefosine.
Generic orthopaedic trauma implants: implementation, outcomes, and cost savings
Authors: Kleinsmith Rebekah M. , Doxey Stephen A. , Huyke-Hernández Fernando A. , Mikhael Nizar , Cunningham Brian P. 
Published: December 2023

Background:
As healthcare costs continue to rise, there has been increasing emphasis placed on providing value-based care. In orthopaedics, one way to influence cost is through the use of generic implants. The purpose of this study was to evaluate cost-savings and surgical outcomes with the implementation of generic orthopaedic trauma implant use.

Methods:
This was a retrospective case series of 154 primary orthopaedic trauma patients from April – December 2022 within a level II trauma center. Patients were included if treated solely with generic implants. Exclusion criteria consisted of revision procedures for any reason, and the use of conventional name brand implants. Eleven different primary orthopaedic trauma procedures in which generic implants were evaluated. Main outcome measurements included operative time, perioperative complications, reoperation rates, patient mortality, implant cost, cost-savings.

Results:
Cost-savings per procedure with the use of generic implants in eleven different primary orthopaedic trauma procedures ranged from 16% to 73%. The average cost-savings was 48.8% among the 11 procedures evaluated, with a yearly cost-savings of 56.0% when case volume is considered. Maintaining the 2021 case volume for one surgeon constant, an overall savings of $256,794 could be generated.

Conclusions:
This study demonstrated that generic implants can provide an opportunity for relatively good patient outcomes with minimal overall risk. Generic implants are a valid alternative to decrease costs while maintaining acceptable patient outcomes. Future studies should seek to provide patient-reported outcome measures for generic implants and compare them to conventional implant use.
Developing a union catalogue of Pakistani University libraries: status, problems, and prospects
Authors: Mairaj Muhammad Ijaz , Mukaram Mahsham 
Published: December 2023

Purpose
This study aims to examine the status, explores the hurdles and identifies the prospects for developing a union catalogue of university libraries in Lahore, Pakistan.

Design/methodology/approach
Following a quantitative research approach, a questionnaire was developed from literature and authors’ experience. After ensuring its validity and reliability, data were collected from librarians after the census. A total of 105 librarians were approached, of whom 73 (71%) responded to the survey.

Findings
University libraries in Lahore are well organized, have adequate collections and information technology-literate staff, are well automated, have good internet connections, are equipped with integrated software, follow cataloguing rules and MARC standards; however, the absence of standardized software, lack of funds, absence of uniform policy, professional workload and absence of standardized vocabulary are significant challenges. Private-sector librarians reported facing more challenges. Librarians consider all prospects vital for developing a union catalogue. These prospects include the availability of relevant information, incentives to librarians, coordination with librarians, a realization that sharing is caring, the Higher Education Commission of Pakistan taking initiative and librarians’ training.

Research limitations/implications
University librarians in Lahore are ready to cooperate with the development of a union catalogue; however, they seek support from higher authorities, professional library associations and the Higher Education Commission of Pakistan.

Originality/value
To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this research is the first of its kind that examines the status, explores the hurdles and identifies the prospects for developing a union catalogue of university libraries in Lahore. It would lead to the development of a union catalogue of university libraries in Pakistan.
Finding a digital silver line during COVID-19 pandemic: a case of Madhubani Paints
Authors: Singh Neha , Moid Sana , Rushdi Naela Jamal , Shankar Nitin 
Published: December 2023

Learning outcomes
The case’s resolution will inspire students to engage in critical analysis of the hurdles encountered by Madhubani Paints amid the pandemic. It will prompt them to dissect cause-and-effect chains stemming from decisions made during this period, fostering a mindset of critical thinking and problem-solving. Additionally, it aims to cultivate a profound comprehension of the Indian entrepreneurial landscape, highlighting the pivotal role of micro-enterprises and women entrepreneurship. Furthermore, it will task students with brainstorming inventive solutions to the specific challenges faced by Madhubani Paints, particularly focusing on differentiation strategies and enhancing customer engagement in the online marketplace. The case highlights the strategic utilization of digital avenues for business expansion, showcasing how Madhubani Paints not only persevered through a challenging pandemic but excelled, securing 35% of its revenue through digital channels.

Case overview/synopsis
Madhubani Paints was a micro-enterprise in the small town of Darbhanga (India) that traded hand-painted products. The protagonist had a strong interest in Madhubani painting, and her enthusiasm led her to establish her own micro-enterprise. This case study highlights the protagonist’s journey towards entrepreneurship and what were the challenges faced during the COVID-19 pandemic. Additionally, the case study showcases how micro-enterprises leverage digital technologies to improve their business performance. Through this case study, students will be able to learn what the contribution of an entrepreneur is to the development of our society and will understand the fundamental concept of marketing and entrepreneurship.

Complexity academic level
The case study can be used in management for the course of marketing and entrepreneurship and is appropriate for post-graduate students. Discussion would be the most appropriate method for teaching this case study. The students would need to understand the concept of marketing mix, segmentation and targeting and the basics of marketing strategy to ensure effective learning.

Supplementary materials
Teaching notes are available for educators only.

Subject code
CSS3: Entrepreneurship.
Parturients feel capable of giving informed consent for epidural analgesia: A qualitative and quantitative analysis
Authors: Christoffersen Oliver Bastian , Møller Ann Merete , Moestrup Lærke Vinberg , Wildgaard Kim 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIntroductionThe patient's right to autonomy confirmed by informed consent is a cornerstone in modern medicine. Epidural analgesia is increasingly popular in obstetric analgesia, but physicians disagree whether labour pain impairs parturient decision‐making. We investigated the fraction of parturients feeling capable of giving informed consent including their knowledge of risks.MethodsBedside survey postpartum women at the Herlev Hospital, Denmark. The inclusion criteria were recipient of epidural analgesia during labour. A power calculation based on the recognition of genuine and false side effects required the inclusion of 50 participants.ResultsForty out of fifty (80%) of the participants felt they could make a judicious consent during labour and 46 out of 50 (92%) felt they knew enough about epidural analgesia to give consent to the procedure again if necessary. Participants spontaneously reported a median of two risks associated with epidural analgesia. Additionally, when prompted with a cued list of true and false risks from epidural analgesia, the participants reported on average 5.1 genuine risks compared with 0.4 made‐up risks. The difference (4.7) suggests the included women could discern genuine risks from made‐up risks.DiscussionThe majority of participants reported the capacity to give informed consent. Our quantitative results show the participants could clearly distinguish genuine risks of epidural labour analgesia from made‐up risks. Our qualitative data likewise suggest that participants understood the information and consequently their informed consent was genuine. Accordingly, parturients are able to give informed consent. This is supported by parturients' ability to identify risks from epidural labour analgesia.
Performance of key physical tests for temporomandibular disorder via telehealth: Establishing validity and reliability
Authors: Hartono Joseph , Cottrell Michelle , Window Peter , Russell Trevor 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundDuring the COVID‐19 pandemic, many individuals sought healthcare virtually. Physiotherapy is integral in managing temporomandibular disorders (TMDs); therefore, establishing how key physical tests can be appropriately adapted to telehealth is paramount.ObjectivesTo establish the validity and reliability of telehealth (specifically videoconferencing) assessments against in‐person assessments on a battery of TMD physical tests.MethodA repeated‐measures study design was undertaken. Thirty‐six adult participants (19 healthy and 17 TMD) underwent concurrent temporomandibular joint (TMJ) physiological movement measurements via videoconferencing and in‐person as per standard clinical practice. Inclusion criteria included the presence of central incisors and no significant comorbidities precluding a safe telehealth examination. Participants with TMD completed seven additional pain provocation physical tests.ResultsAgreement between telehealth and in‐person physiological movement measures was excellent (ICC >0.90, 95% CI: 0.53 to >0.99). Inter‐ and intra‐rater reliability for telehealth measures indicated excellent reliability (ICC >0.97, 95% CI: 0.91 to >0.99). Exact agreement between telehealth and in‐person for provocation tests ranged between 58.8% and 94.1%. Fourteen of the twenty‐six individual measures produced substantial to near perfect agreement (PABAK = 0.65–0.88), seven produced moderate agreement (PABAK = 0.53), while five produced poor to fair agreement (PABAK = 0.18–0.29).ConclusionThere is high level of agreement between telehealth and in‐person measurements of TMJ physiological movement and pain provocation tests.