bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reciprocal modulation and attenuation in the prefrontal cortex: An fMRI study on emotional–cognitive interaction
Authors: Northoff Georg , Heinzel Alexander , Bermpohl Felix , Niese Robert , Pfennig Andrea , Pascual‐Leone Alvaro , Schlaug Gottfried 
Published: January 2004

AbstractEveryday and clinical experience demonstrate strong interactions between emotions and cognitions. Nevertheless the neural correlates underlying emotional–cognitive interaction remain unclear. Using event‐related fMRI, we investigated BOLD‐signal increases and decreases in medial and lateral prefrontal cortical regions during emotional and non‐emotional judgment of photographs taken from the International Affective Picture System (IAPS). Emotional and non‐emotional judgment conditions were compared to each other as well as with baseline allowing for distinction between relative signal changes (comparison between conditions) and true signal changes (referring to baseline). We have found that: (1) both emotional and non‐emotional judgment of IAPS pictures were characterized by signal increases in ventrally and dorsally located lateral prefrontal cortical areas and concurrent signal decreases in ventro‐ and dorsomedial prefrontal cortex; (2) direct comparison between emotional and non‐emotional judgment showed relative signal increases in ventro‐ and dorsomedial prefrontal cortex, and in contrast, relative signal increases were detected in ventrally and dorsally located lateral prefrontal cortical areas when comparing non‐emotional to emotional judgment; and (3) as shown in separate comparisons with baseline, these relative signal changes were due to smaller signal decreases in ventro‐ and dorsomedial prefrontal cortex and smaller signal increases in ventrally and dorsally located lateral prefrontal cortical areas during emotional judgment. Therefore, the emotional load of a cognitive task lead to both less deactivation of medial prefrontal regions and, at the same time, less activation of lateral prefrontal regions. Analogous patterns of reciprocal modulation and attenuation have previously been described for other cortical regions such as visual and auditory areas. Reciprocal modulation and attenuation in medial and lateral prefrontal cortex might constitute the neurophysiologic basis for emotional–cognitive interaction as observed in both healthy and psychiatric subjects. Hum. Brain Mapping 21:202–212, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A reciprocal and longitudinal investigation of the innovation process: the central role of shared vision in product and process innovation teams (PPITs)
Authors: Pearce Craig L. , Ensley Michael D. 
Published: February 2004

AbstractThis research longitudinally investigates the innovation process by examining the relationship between innovation effectiveness, shared vision, and product and process innovation team (PPIT) dynamics in the innovation process. The research was conducted with a sample of 71 PPITs. Results indicate that when teams are charged with implementation of sophisticated innovation, a complex set of team dynamics is set in motion. Our results indicate that innovation effectiveness and shared vision are reciprocally and longitudinally related and that shared vision and team dynamics are also reciprocally and longitudinally related. As such, this research suggests that shared vision occupies a core role in the team innovation process. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Molluscan successions from the Holocene tufa of St Germain‐le‐Vasson, Normandy (France) and their biogeographical significance
Authors: Limondin‐Lozouet Nicole , Preece Richard C. 
Published: January 2004

AbstractA detailed molluscan succession from a 10 m thick deposit of Holocene tufa at St Germain‐le‐Vasson, Normandy, provides the most complete record from northern France and has shed new light on the historical biogeography of several species of land snail. The succession has been reconstructed from four profiles and a chronology provided by accelerator mass spectrometry radiocarbon dating of charcoal, wood and shell. The onset of tufa formation occurred after 9700±90 yr BP and persisted until 4213±77 yr BP. The tufa appears to have accumulated at a remarkably constant rate (14.4–16.5 cm 100 yr−1), except for the upper levels, where the rate increases fourfold. The succession has been divided into six local molluscan zones. An early assemblage consisting of ecologically tolerant species and those indicative of marshy grassland is replaced by a sequence of shade‐demanding taxa, reflecting the encroachment of woodland. Shaded conditions persist until the end of the sequence but the most hygrophilous elements decline after 5422±60 yr BP (zone 5), a change also reflected in the tufa lithology by the development of silty grey horizons. Notable species recovered from the tufa includeAcicula fusca, Vertigo substriata, V. alpestris, V. moulinsiana(all rare or unknown living in northern France).Hygromia limbata, a twentieth century introduction to Britain, was previously thought to be a relatively recent arrival in northern France, but its record at St Germain shows that it has been present in Normandy since 6500 yr BP.Azeca goodalli, another shade‐demanding species, appeared at St Germain much later, just after 4420±65 yr BP. Several other species present in the tufa, such asPomatias elegans, no longer live on the site, adding to the evidence for a distributional decline in Normandy and elsewhere. Perhaps the most noteworthy record is that ofLeiostyla anglica, between about 8500 yr BP and 5000 yr BP, because this constitutes its only Holocene occurrence from mainland Europe. Following this discovery it seems likely that further Holocene sites withL. anglicamay be found along the western seaboard of Europe connecting populations in Iberia with those of the British Isles. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Millennial‐scale climate variability in northwest Patagonia over the last 15 000 yr
Authors: Moreno Patricio I. 
Published: January 2004

AbstractA pollen record from Lago Condorito (41°45'S, 73°07'W) shows prominent vegetation and climate changes at millennial time‐scales, superimposed on multimillennial trends in temperature and westerly activity in northwest Patagonia during the past 15 000 yr. The record shows that evergreen temperate rainforests have dominated the landscape over this interval, with floristic changes ranging from cold‐resistant North Patagonian forests with podocarp conifers to Valdivian forests with thermophilous, summer‐drought resistant species. The long‐term trend shows that cool‐temperate and humid conditions prevailed between 15 000 and 11 000 cal. yr BP, followed by an extreme warm and dry phase between 11 000 and 7600 cal. yr BP, and subsequent cooling events and increase in precipitation that peaked at ca. 5000 cal. yr BP, when Southern Hemisphere alpine glaciers achieved their first Neoglacial maximum. Modern conditions were established at ca. 1800 cal. yr BP, following a warm and dry phase between ca. 2900 and 1800 cal. yr BP. These results suggest that millennial‐scale climate variability during deglacial and post‐glacial times also affected the mid‐latitude region of the South Pacific, supporting the idea that changes in the tropical Pacific might be a key factor in the initiation and/or propagation of millennial‐scale climate variability at regional, hemispheric and global scales. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Aeolian activity in northern Amazonia: optical dating of Late Pleistocene and Holocene palaeodunes
Authors: Teeuw Richard M. , Rhodes Edward J. 
Published: January 2004

AbstractPalaeodunes were examined on the eastern margin of the Rio Branco–Rupununi savanna, northeast Amazonia. Optical dating suggests that the onset of aeolian activity was between 17 000 and 15 000 yr ago, just after the Last Glacial Maximum. Both the palaeodune axes and modern dominant wind directions have northeast to east‐northeast directions, implying no significant shift in atmospheric circulation patterns over northeast Amazonia during the Late Pleistocene to Holocene. Major regional climate change events, such as the Younger Dryas, do not appear to have had any effect on the rates of aeolian deposition at the study site. Aeolian activity appears to have continued to the present day, showing a remarkably constant deposition rate of around 0.13 m kyr−1 initially, increasing smoothly to the present. Until more palaeodunes in northern Amazonia are dated, it is impossible to determine if this record of gradual aeolian deposition is a reliable regional palaeoclimate indicator, rather than being the result of local bioclimatic and geomorphological effects. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quartz microtextures and microstructures owing to deformation of glaciolacustrine sediments in the northern Venezuelan Andes
Authors: Mahaney W. C. , Dirszowsky R. W. , Milner M. W. , Menzies J. , Stewart A. , Kalm V. , Bezada M. 
Published: January 2004

AbstractGlaciolacustrine sediments, ranging in age from Early to Late Mérida (Wisconsinan) in sections in the northern Venezuelan Andes near Pedregal, were studied to assess the effect of small‐scale folding and faulting on the surface microtextures of individual grains. At site PED5, faulting of sediments beneath 35 m of Middle to Late Mérida glaciolacustrine, glaciofluvial and probable till deposits, has resulted in a maximum displacement of 1 m and many crushed sand grains are found along the shear zone. These dominantly quartz particles are typically smoothed and/or faceted with surface skins split from parent grains to produce adhering blade or wafer‐shaped coarse silts. Faulting with displacement of< 40 cm occurs in Late Mérida glaciolacustrine beds at sites PED13 and PED11, beneath ca. 1–5 m of sediment and is thought to result from the removal of lateral support during valley erosion and possibly seismic disturbance. Associated sediments exhibit a greater incidence of small‐scale fold structures and convoluted bedding but with similar numbers and types of crushed grains. All of the fault traces examined exhibit microstructural modifications, including microfaulting, folding and multiple domains associated with fluidisation and liquefaction. The microtextures described are distinct from those produced by glacial or glaciofluvial transport processes and potentially may be used to infer glaciotectonic or other post‐depositional disturbance of sediments. Rare euhedral quartz grains with distorted crystallographic axes may derive from the shear zone of the regional transform Boconó Fault, although many of these grains appear to be overprinted by glacial and/or recent deformation processes. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Histochemical characterisation of unextractable seed coat pigments and quantification of extractable lignin in the Brassicaceae
Authors: Marles MA Susan , Gruber Margaret Y 
Published: January 2004

AbstractThe differences determined by in situ histochemical staining and thioglycolic lignin analyses provided a new view of seed coat composition in a range of yellow‐ and brown‐seeded germplasm of the Brassicaceae. Unextractable seed coat pigments were composed of proanthocyanidin (condensed tannin) polymers. Anthocyanins were absent in all seed coat tissues. Proanthocyanidin was deposited over the entire seed coat in dark‐seeded germplasm and in patches in some yellow‐seeded germplasm. The seed coat and hilum of Crambe abyssinica cv Prophet and some yellow‐seeded accessions contained an unidentified, unreactive brown pigment. Several new pigmentation patterns, occurring as spots and patches and surrounding the hilum, became apparent from this analysis. Thioglycolic lignin was significantly lower in yellow‐seeded samples compared with the dark‐seeded accessions, and the majority of the lignin occurred in the seed coat. These discoveries provide new and useful data for plant breeders and indicate the need to use more detailed analytical methods in breeding programmes that have the goal of improving seed meal quality by reducing fibre and phenolics. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
Grain mineral concentrations and yield of wheat grown under organic and conventional management
Authors: Ryan MH , Derrick JW , Dann PR 
Published: January 2004

AbstractOn the low‐P soils in southeastern Australia, organic crops differ from conventional ones primarily in the use of relatively insoluble, as opposed to soluble, P fertilisers and in the non‐use of herbicides. As organic management, particularly elimination of soluble fertilisers, is often claimed to enhance grain mineral concentrations, we examined grain from wheat on paired organic and conventional farms in two sets of experiments: (1) four pairs of commercial crops (1991–1993); and (2) fertiliser experiments on one farm pair where nil fertiliser was compared with 40 kg ha−1 of P as either relatively insoluble reactive phosphate rock or more soluble superphosphate (1991 and 1992). All wheat was grown following a 2–6 year legume‐based pasture phase. Both conventional management and the superphosphate treatment greatly increased yields but reduced colonisation by mycorrhizal fungi. While only minor variations occurred in grain N, K, Mg, Ca, S and Fe concentrations, conventional grain had lower Zn and Cu but higher Mn and P than organic grain. These differences were ascribed to: soluble P fertilisers increasing P uptake but reducing mycorrhizal colonisation and thereby reducing Zn uptake and enhancing Mn uptake; dilution of Cu in heavier crops; and past lime applications on the organic farm decreasing Mn availability. These variations in grain minerals had nutritional implications primarily favouring the organic grain; however, organic management and, specifically, elimination of soluble fertilisers did not induce dramatic increases in grain mineral concentrations. In addition, organic management was coupled with yield reductions of 17–84 per cent due to P limitation and weeds. The impact of large regional variations in the characteristics of organic and conventional systems on the general applicability of the results from this study and other similar studies is discussed. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
Solid state fermentation process for producing chickpea (Cicer arietinum L) tempeh flour. Physicochemical and nutritional characteristics of the product
Authors: Reyes‐Moreno C , Cuevas‐Rodríguez EO , Milán‐Carrillo J , Cárdenas‐Valenzuela OG , Barrón‐Hoyos J 
Published: January 2004

AbstractSolid state fermentation (SSF) represents a technological alternative for processing a great variety of legumes and/or cereals to improve their nutritional quality and to obtain edible products with palatable sensorial characteristics. The objectives of this work were (1) to determine the best combination of SSF process variables (fermentation temperature FT/fermentation time Ft) for producing chickpea tempeh flour and (2) to characterise the physicochemical and nutritional properties of the product. Response surface methodology was applied as optimisation technique over three response variables: in vitro protein digestibility (PD), true protein (TP) and water absorption index (WAI). A central composite experimental design with two factors and five levels was used. The process variables FT and Ft had variation levels of 31–36 °C and 48–72 h respectively. Rhizopus oligosporus (1 × 109 spores l−1 in distilled water) was used as starter. Prediction models for response variables were developed as a function of process variables. A conventional graphical method was applied to obtain maximum PD, TP and WAI. Contour plots of each of the response variables were superimposed to obtain a contour plot for observation and selection of the best combination of FT (34.9 °C) and Ft (51.3 h) for producing of chickpea tempeh, which was dried (52 °C, 24 h) and milled to pass through an 80‐US mesh (0.180 mm) screen to obtain optimised chickpea tempeh flour. This flour had higher (p ≤ 0.05) TP (25.7 vs 19.7% dry matter (DM)), total colour difference (30.3 vs 16.7), WAI (4.18 vs 2.15 kg gel kg−1 DM), available lysine (42.7 vs 30.4 g kg−1 protein) and PD (83.2 vs 72.2%) and lower lipid content (2.6 vs 6.1% DM), phytic acid (1.1 vs 10.85 g kg−1 DM), tannins (2.65 vs 21.95 g catechin kg−1 DM) and pH (5.9 vs 6.3) than raw chickpea flour. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
Effect of nitrate/nitrite on the quality of sausage (sucuk) during ripening and storage
Authors: Bozkurt Hüseyin , Erkmen Osman 
Published: January 2004

AbstractThe effects of nitrate/nitrite on the microbial and chemical properties and sensory quality of Turkish‐style sausage (sucuk) were investigated during 15 days of ripening and 45 days of storage. Aerobic plate count, mould and yeast count, pH, 2‐thiobarbituric acid value, residual nitrite level, nitrosomyoglobin conversion and sensory characteristics (flavour, colour and cutting scores) were monitored. Aerobic plate count increased (P < 0.05) during the first 8 days of ripening and decreased (P < 0.05) during further ripening and storage. Mould and yeast count increased (P < 0.05) during the first 4 days of ripening and decreased (P < 0.05) during further ripening and storage. Overall sensory quality increased (P < 0.05) during the first 12 days of ripening and decreased (P < 0.05) during further ripening and storage. Increasing the nitrate/nitrite concentration increased (P < 0.05) the overall sensory quality. During the first 4 days of ripening, the pH of all sausages decreased (P < 0.05) from 5.98 to 4.53–4.81, owing to the action of lactic acid bacteria. Residual nitrite level decreased (P < 0.05) sharply during the first 8 days of ripening, from 150 to about 2 mg kg−1 in sausage samples B3 (prepared with 150 mg kg−1 nitrite, 300 mg kg−1 nitrate and starter culture) and from 75 to about 1 mg kg−1 in samples B2 (prepared with 75 mg kg−1 nitrite, 150 mg kg−1 nitrate and starter culture). The conversion of haem pigments to nitrosomyoglobin increased (P < 0.05) during the first 12 days of ripening and decreased (P < 0.05) during further ripening and storage. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
LC‐MS identification of anthocyanins in boysenberry extract and anthocyanin metabolites in human urine following dosing
Authors: Cooney Janine M , Jensen Dwayne J , McGhie Tony K 
Published: January 2004

AbstractThe anthocyanin composition of boysenberry (Rubusloganbaccus × baileyanus Britt) extract was determined by LC‐ESI‐MS. Four anthocyanins were identified, all comprising a cyanidin‐anthocyanidin‐type skeleton. The two major components were identified as the disaccharide cyanidin‐3‐O‐sophoroside and the monosaccharide cyanidin‐3‐O‐glucoside. The two less abundant components were identified as the rutinosides, cyanidin‐3‐O‐2G‐glucosylrutinoside and cyanidin‐3‐O‐rutinoside, respectively. These same four anthocyanins were also detected in human urine following a dosing study with boysenberry extract indicating that glycosylated anthocyanins can be absorbed from the gut and excreted intact in the urine. Several anthocyanin metabolites were also detected in the urine and were identified by LC‐ESI‐MS as monoglucuronides of peonidin, cyanidin and pelargonidin. The results suggest that anthocyanins consumed as part of a diet are bioavailable and are present as intact or metabolized forms in the body. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
A research note: the potential for transfer of Salmonella from irrigation water to tomatoes
Authors: Jablasone Julietta , Brovko Lubov Y , Griffiths Mansel W 
Published: January 2004

AbstractThe transmission of Salmonella Enteritidis from soil to fruit by contaminated irrigated water was studied using 20 patio tomato plants. In order to track the presence of Salmonella in the soil and plants a luminescent strain transformed with the full luxCDABE gene cassette from Photorhabdus luminescens was used. The tomato plants were irrigated every other day by direct application of water containing Salmonella Enteritidis (105 CFU ml−1) to the soil. Samples of soil, stem, leaf and fruit were taken weekly and assayed for Salmonella by plating onto Luria Bertani agar containing 50 µg ml−1 ampicillin. There was a significant difference (P < 0.05) in Salmonella counts from soils sampled during the course of the study. No Salmonella were recovered from the leaf, stem, and fruit samples taken from the tomato plants. This indicates that, under these test conditions, watering with contaminated water directly into the soil does not result in the transmission of Salmonella, and possibly other pathogens, to tomatoes. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
A model of non‐isothermal degradation of nutrients, pigments and enzymes
Authors: Corradini Maria G , Peleg Micha 
Published: January 2004

AbstractPublished isothermal degradation curves for chlorophyll A and thiamine in the range 100–150 °C and the inactivation curves of polyphenol oxidase (PPO) in the range 50–80 °C could be described by the model C(t)/C0 = exp[−b(T)tn] where C(t) and C0 are the momentary and initial concentrations, respectively, b(T) a temperature dependent ‘rate parameter’ and n, a constant. This suggested that the temporal degradation/inactivation events of all three had a Weibull distribution with a practically constant shape factor. The temperature dependence of the ‘rate parameter’ could be described by the log logistic model, b(T) = loge[1 + exp[k(T − Tc)], where Tc is a marker of the temperature level where the degradation/inactivation occurs at a significant rate and k the steepness of the b(T) increase once this temperature range has been exceeded. These two models were combined to produce a non‐isothermal degradation/inactivation model, similar to one recently developed for microbial inactivation. It is based on the assumption that the local slope of the non‐isothermal decay curve, ie the momentary decay rate, is the slope of the isothermal curve at the momentary temperature at a time that corresponds to the momentary concentration of the still intact or active molecules. This model, in the form of a differential equation, was solved numerically to produce degradation/inactivation curves under temperature profiles that included heating and cooling and oscillating temperatures. Such simulations can be used to assess the impact of planned commercial heat processes on the stability of compounds of nutritional and quality concerns and the efficacy of methods to inactivate enzymes. Simulated decay curves on which a random noise was superimposed were used to demonstrate that the degradation/inactivation parameters, k and Tc, can be calculated directly from non‐isothermal decay curves, provided that the validity of the Weibullian and log logistic models and the constancy of the shape factor n could be assumed. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry