bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of clinical factors impacting outcome in patients undergoing autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation after BEAM and TEAM conditioning
Authors: Gherman Radu‐Florian , Ewald Sophie , Ihorst Gabriele , Strüßmann Tim , Zeiser Robert , Wäsch Ralph , Bertz Hartmut , Stolz Daiana , Duyster Justus , Finke Jürgen , Marks Reinhard , Engelhardt Monika , Duque‐Afonso Jesús 
Published: October 2023

AbstractOrgan dysfunction, including pulmonary function impairment, plays a key role in the choice of conditioning chemotherapy before autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (auto‐HSCT). Replacement of BCNU/carmustine as part of BEAM (BCNU/carmustine, etoposide, cytarabine, and melphalan) conditioning protocol by thiotepa (TEAM) reduces pulmonary toxicity while maintaining efficacy. We retrospectively analyzed the association of clinical characteristics, comorbidities, and organ function with outcomes after conditioning with BEAM or TEAM. Three hundred ninety‐six patients undergoing auto‐HSCT (n = 333 with BEAM; n = 63 with TEAM) at our institution between 2008 and 2021 were included in this study. In the multivariate analysis, CO‐diffusion capacity corrected for hemoglobin (DLCOcSB) ≤ 60% of predicted, progressive disease (PD) before auto‐HSCT, Karnofsky performance score (KPS) ≤ 80%, HCT‐CI score ≥ 4, and cardiac disease before auto‐HSCT were associated with decreased overall survival (OS) in patients treated with BEAM. In contrast, only PD before auto‐HSCT was identified in patients treated with TEAM. Patients conditioned with BEAM and DLCOcSB ≤ 60% had higher non‐relapse mortality, including pulmonary cause of death. In summary, we have identified clinical and pulmonary risk factors associated with worse outcomes in patients conditioned with BEAM compared to TEAM. Our data suggest TEAM conditioning as a valid alternative for patients with comorbidities, including pulmonary dysfunction and/or poorer performance scores, before auto‐HSCT.
Treatment sequences and drug costs from diagnosis to death in multiple myeloma
Authors: Seefat M. R. , Cucchi D. G. J. , Groen K. , Donker M. L. , van der Hem K. G. , Westerman M. , Gerrits A. M. , Beeker A. , van de Donk N. W. C. J. , Blommestein H. M. , Zweegman S. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractNovel therapies for multiple myeloma (MM) have improved patient survival, but their high costs strain healthcare budgets. End‐of‐life phases of treatment are generally the most expensive, however, these high costs may be less justifiable in the context of a less pronounced clinical benefit. To manage drug expenses effectively, detailed information on end‐of‐life drug administration and costs are crucial. In this retrospective study, we analysed treatment sequences and drug costs from 96 MM patients in the Netherlands who died between January 2017 and July 2019. Patients received up to 16 lines of therapy (median overall survival: 56.5 months), with average lifetime costs of €209 871 (€3111/month; range: €3942–€776 185) for anti‐MM drugs. About 85% of patients received anti‐MM treatment in the last 3 months before death, incurring costs of €20 761 (range: €70–€50 122; 10% of total). Half of the patients received anti‐MM treatment in the last 14 days, mainly fully oral regimens (66%). End‐of‐life treatment costs are substantial despite limited survival benefits. The use of expensive treatment options is expected to increase costs further. These data serve as a reference point for future cost studies, and further research is needed to identify factors predicting the efficacy and clinical benefit of continuing end‐of‐life therapy.
Long‐term data reveal contrasting impacts of native versus invasive nest predators in Iceland
Authors: Jónsson Jón Einar , Rickowski Fiona S. , Ruland Florian , Ásgeirsson Árni , Jeschke Jonathan M. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBird species on islands are strongly impacted by biological invasions, with the Icelandic common eider (Somateria mollissima borealis) being particularly threatened. Down collection by local families in Breiðafjörður, West Iceland, provided long‐term datasets of nests from two archipelagos, covering 95 islands over 123 years and 39 islands over 27 years, respectively. Using these exceptional datasets, we found that the arrival of the invasive semi‐aquatic American mink (Neogale vison) was a more impactful driver of population dynamics than climate. This invasive predator heavily reduced eider nest numbers by ca. 60% in the Brokey archipelago. In contrast, we detected an apparently adaptive response to the return of the native fox in the Purkey archipelago, with dense nests on islands inaccessible to the fox and no apparent impact on eider populations. This difference might be due to the eiders lacking a joint evolutionary history with the mink and therefore lacking appropriate antipredator responses.
Long‐term outcome of alcohol withdrawal seizures
Authors: Sansone Giulio , Megevand Pierre , Vulliémoz Serge , Corbetta Maurizio , Picard Fabienne , Seeck Margitta 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackground and purposeAlcohol withdrawal seizures (AWS) are a well‐known complication of chronic alcohol abuse, but there is currently little knowledge of their long‐term relapse rate and prognosis. The aims of this study were to identify risk factors for AWS recurrence and to study the overall outcome of patients after AWS.MethodsIn this retrospective single‐center study, we included patients who were admitted to the Emergency Department after an AWS between January 1, 2013 and August 10, 2021 and for whom an electroencephalogram (EEG) was requested. AWS relapses up until April 29, 2022 were researched. We compared history, treatment with benzodiazepines or antiseizure medications (ASMs), laboratory, EEG and computed tomography findings between patients with AWS relapse (r‐AWS) and patients with no AWS relapse (nr‐AWS).ResultsA total of 199 patients were enrolled (mean age 53 ± 12 years; 78.9% men). AWS relapses occurred in 11% of patients, after a median time of 470.5 days. Brain computed tomography (n = 182) showed pathological findings in 35.7%. Risk factors for relapses were history of previous AWS (p = 0.013), skull fractures (p = 0.004) at the index AWS, and possibly epileptiform EEG abnormalities (p = 0.07). Benzodiazepines or other ASMs, taken before or after the index event, did not differ between the r‐AWS and the nr‐AWS group. The mortality rate was 2.9%/year of follow‐up, which was 13 times higher compared to the general population. Risk factors for death were history of AWS (p < 0.001) and encephalopathic EEG (p = 0.043).ConclusionsDelayed AWS relapses occur in 11% of patients and are associated with risk factors (previous AWS >24 h apart, skull fractures, and pathological EEG findings) that also increase the epilepsy risk, that is, predisposition for seizures, if not treated. Future prospective studies are mandatory to determine appropriate long‐term diagnostic and therapeutic strategies, in order to reduce the risk of relapse and mortality associated with AWS.
Exploring the mechanism of 18F‐fluorodopa uptake in recurrent high‐grade gliomas: A comprehensive histomolecular‐positron emission tomography analysis
Authors: Cobes Nina , Tran Suzanne , Mathon Bertrand , Nichelli Lucia , Bielle Franck , Touat Mehdi , Kas Aurélie , Rozenblum Laura 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundDihydroxy‐6‐[18F]fluoro‐L‐phenylalanine (18F‐FDOPA) positron emission tomography (PET) is a valuable tool for managing high‐grade gliomas (HGGs), but there is a lack of literature on its relationship with glioma subtypes since the 2021 reclassification of brain tumors. There is also debate surrounding the mechanism of 18F‐FDOPA uptake, particularly after chemoradiation therapy. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between 18F‐FDOPA uptake and histomolecular characteristics, particularly L‐amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1) expression, in recurrent gliomas, and examine their impact on survival in HGGs.MethodsThirty‐nine patients with recurrent HGGs (14 isocitrate dehydrogenase [IDH]‐mutant, 25 IDH‐wildtype) who underwent a brain 18F‐FDOPA PET/computed tomography (CT) or PET/magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) followed by surgical resection of the 18F‐FDOPA‐avid lesion within 6 months, were retrospectively reviewed. PET results were compared with histological examination and for SCL7A5/LAT1 immunostaining. The study also examined the relationship between PET parameters, LAT1 expression, and survival outcomes.ResultsAstrocytoma IDH‐mutant G4 had higher 18F‐FDOPA uptake than glioblastoma IDH‐wildtype G4 (maximum tumor‐to‐normal brain ratio [TBRmax] 5 [3.4–9] vs. 3.8 [2.8–5.9], p = 0.02). IDH‐mutant gliomas had higher LAT1 expression than IDH‐wildtype gliomas (100 [14–273] vs. 15.5 [0–137], p < 0.05) as well as higher TBRmax (5 [2.4–9] vs. 3.8 [2.8–6], p < 0.05). In survival analysis, LAT1 score >100 was a predictor for longer progression‐free survival in IDH‐mutant HGGs.ConclusionsTo our knowledge, our study is the first to suggest a link between LAT1 expression and IDH mutation status. We showed that higher TBRmax was associated with higher LAT1 expression and IDH mutation status. Further studies are needed to better understand the mechanisms underlying amino acid PET tracers uptake, especially in the post‐radiation and chemotherapy settings.
Evaluation of risdiplam efficacy in 5q spinal muscular atrophy: A systematic comparison of electrophysiologic with clinical outcome measures
Authors: Kessler Tobias , Sam Georges , Wick Wolfgang , Weiler Markus 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundTo assess compound muscle action potential (CMAP) amplitudes as electrophysiologic markers in relation to clinical outcome in adult patients with 5q‐linked spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) before and during treatment with risdiplam.MethodsIn this monocentric longitudinal cohort study, CMAP of 18 adult patients with SMA type 2 or 3 were assessed at baseline (T0) and after 10 months (T10) of risdiplam treatment. CMAP amplitudes of the median, ulnar, peroneal, and tibial nerves were compared with established clinical outcome scores, and with the course of disease before start of treatment.ResultsDuring a pharmacotherapy‐naive pre‐treatment period of 328 ± 46 days, Revised Upper Limb Module (RULM) score and peroneal nerve CMAP amplitudes decreased, while CMAP of tibial and upper limb nerves remained unchanged. CMAP amplitudes positively correlated with clinical scores (Hammersmith Functional Motor Scale‐Expanded [HFMSE], RULM) at T0. During risdiplam treatment, HFMSE and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Infant Test of Neuromuscular Disorders (CHOP INTEND) scores increased, paralleled by marked increase of CMAP amplitudes in both median nerves (T10–T0; right: Δ = 1.4 ± 1.4 mV, p = 0.0003; left: Δ = 1.3 ± 1.4 mV, p = 0.0007), but not in ulnar, peroneal, or tibial nerves. A robust increase of median nerve CMAP amplitudes correlated well with an increase in the HFMSE score (T10–T0). Median nerve CMAP amplitudes at T0 were associated with subsequent risdiplam‐related improvement of HFMSE and CHOP INTEND scores at T10.ConclusionsMedian nerve CMAP amplitudes increase with risdiplam treatment in adult SMA patients, and should be further evaluated as potential easy‐to‐use electrophysiologic markers in assessing and monitoring clinical response to therapy.
Utility of labial salivary gland biopsy in the histological diagnosis of neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease
Authors: Bao Lei , Zuo Dandan , Yin Zichang , Mao Zhifeng , Yu Changshun , Cui Chenchen , Sun Wen , Cui Guiyun , Chen Hao 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackground and purposeNeuronal intranuclear inclusion disease (NIID) poses a diagnostic challenge because of its diverse clinical manifestations. Detection of intranuclear inclusions remains the primary diagnostic criterion for NIID. Skin biopsies have traditionally been used, but concerns exist regarding postoperative complications and scarring. We sought to investigate the diagnostic utility of labial salivary gland biopsy, a less invasive alternative.MethodsThis study included a total of 19 patients and 11 asymptomatic carriers who underwent labial gland biopsies, while 10 patients opted for skin biopsies. All these individuals were confirmed to have pathogenic GGC repeat expansions in the NOTCH2NLC gene. The control group comprised 20 individuals matched for age and sex, all with nonpathogenic GGC repeat expansions, and their labial gland tissue was sourced from oral surgery specimens.ResultsLabial gland biopsies proved to be a highly effective diagnostic method in detecting eosinophilic intranuclear inclusions in NIID patients. The inclusions showed positive staining for p62 and ubiquitin, confirming their pathological significance. The presence of uN2CpolyG protein in the labial gland tissue further supported the diagnosis. Importantly, all patients who underwent lip gland biopsy experienced fast wound healing without any noticeable scarring. In contrast, skin biopsies led to varying degrees of scarring and one instance of a localized infection.ConclusionLabial salivary gland biopsy emerged as a minimally invasive, efficient diagnostic method for NIID, with rapid healing and excellent sensitivity.
Genome‐environment association analyses reveal geographically restricted adaptive divergence across the range of the widespread Eurasian carnivore Lynx lynx (Linnaeus, 1758)
Authors: Bazzicalupo Enrico , Ratkiewicz Mirosław , Seryodkin Ivan V. , Okhlopkov Innokentiy , Galsandorj Naranbaatar , Yarovenko Yuriy A. , Ozolins Janis , Saveljev Alexander P. , Melovski Dime , Gavashelishvili Alexander , Schmidt Krzysztof , Godoy José A. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractLocal adaptations to the environment are an important aspect of the diversity of a species and their discovery, description and quantification has important implications for the fields of taxonomy, evolutionary and conservation biology. In this study, we scan genomes from several populations across the distributional range of the Eurasian lynx, with the objective of finding genomic windows under positive selection which may underlie local adaptations to different environments. A total of 394 genomic windows are found to be associated to local environmental conditions, and they are enriched for genes involved in metabolism, behaviour, synaptic organization and neural development. Adaptive genetic structure, reconstructed from SNPs in candidate windows, is considerably different than the neutral genetic structure of the species. A widespread adaptively homogeneous group is recovered occupying areas of harsher snow and temperature climatic conditions in the north‐western, central and eastern parts of the distribution. Adaptively divergent populations are recovered in the westernmost part of the range, especially within the Baltic population, but also predicted for different patches in the western and southern part of the range, associated with different snow and temperature regimes. Adaptive differentiation driven by climate does not correlate much with the subspecies taxonomic delimitations, suggesting that subspecific divergences are mostly driven by neutral processes of genetic drift and gene flow. Our results will aid the selection of source populations for assisted gene flow or genetic rescue programs by identifying what climatic patterns to look for as predictors of pre‐adaptation of individuals. Particularly, the Carpathian population is confirmed as the best source of individuals for the genetic rescue of the endangered, isolated and genetically eroded Balkan population. Additionally, reintroductions in central and western Europe, currently based mostly on Carpathian lynxes, could consider the Baltic population as an additional source to increase adaptive variation and likely improve adaptation to their milder climate.
Love on campus: College students of color, racial identity, and interracial dating
Authors: Eschmann Rob , Buggs Shantel Gabrieal , Gryder Ryan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjectiveThis study explores the relationship between racial identity and interracial dating patterns.BackgroundWe draw on multiple literatures, including research on race and interracial dating, and the importance of racial identity on well‐being and mental health outcomes.MethodUtilizing data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Freshmen we assess how dimensions of racial identity predict likelihood of interracial dating for Black, Asian, and Hispanic students enrolled at elite, predominantly White institutions of higher education.ResultsMultiple dimensions of racial identity predict whether Black or Asian students have dated interracially, and Hispanic students were more likely to have dated interracially than either Asian or Black students. School‐level characteristics, like the percentage of students who are White at each school, are the most consistent predictors of interracial dating patterns.ConclusionsOur findings contribute to broader work on how interracial dating practices (in this case, specifically for college students of color) are influenced not just by the race and gender of the individuals but specifically the salience of their racial identity.ImplicationsThis study expands the potential research utility of racial identity measures and adds greater nuance to analyses of interracial relationships among emerging adults.
Closed‐form solution for the Fatemi‐Socie extended critical plane parameter in case of linear elasticity and proportional loading
Authors: Chiocca Andrea , Sgamma Michele , Frendo Francesco 
Published: October 2023

AbstractFatigue damage remains a significant issue for both metallic and non‐metallic components, being the main cause of in‐service failures. Among the different assessment methodologies, critical plane methods have gained significance as they enable identifying the critical location and the early crack propagation orientation. However, the standard plane scanning method used for calculating critical plane factors is computationally intensive, and as a result, it is usually applied only when the component's critical region is known in advance. In the presence of complex geometries, loads, or constraints, a more efficient method would be required. This work presents a closed‐form solution to efficiently evaluate a critical plane factor based on the Fatemi‐Socie criterion, in the case of isotropic linear‐elastic material behavior and proportional loading conditions. The proposed algorithm, based on tensor invariants and coordinate transformation laws, was tested on different case studies under various loading conditions, showing a significant reduction in computation time compared to the standard plane scanning method.
Thermal fatigue crack initiation and propagation behaviors of GH3230 nickel‐based superalloy
Authors: Zhang Yujie , Hou Cheng , Jin Xiaochao , Li Dongxu , Zhao Litao , Yang Laixia , Fan Xueling 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe drastic severe temperature cycle in an aero‐engine combustion chamber leads to large thermal fatigue stress, which may induce thermal fatigue failure of the combustion chamber. In this paper, thermal fatigue crack initiation and propagation behaviors of GH3230 nickel‐based superalloy sheet specimens with V‐notch were studied under different peak temperatures 800°C, 900°C, and 1,000°C using self‐built thermal fatigue equipment. The temperature, stress, and crack propagation driving force of the V‐notch specimen were discussed in detail. Results show that the thermal fatigue crack initiation life gradually decreases with the increase of the peak temperature. Oxidation caused by high temperature will weaken alloy's strength and accelerate its crack propagation. Higher peak temperature will make the crack propagate faster and the thermal deformation at V‐notch end easier to accumulate. At last, there is a good consistency between fitting curves from the modified Paris formula and the experiment results.
Soil legacy nutrients contribute to the decreasing stoichiometric ratio of N and P loading from the Mississippi River Basin
Authors: Bian Zihao , Tian Hanqin , Pan Shufen , Shi Hao , Lu Chaoqun , Anderson Christopher , Cai Wei‐Jun , Hopkinson Charles S. , Justic Dubravko , Kalin Latif , Lohrenz Steven , McNulty Steven , Pan Naiqing , Sun Ge , Wang Zhuonan , Yao Yuanzhi , You Yongfa 
Published: October 2023

AbstractHuman‐induced nitrogen–phosphorus (N, P) imbalance in terrestrial ecosystems can lead to disproportionate N and P loading to aquatic ecosystems, subsequently shifting the elemental ratio in estuaries and coastal oceans and impacting both the structure and functioning of aquatic ecosystems. The N:P ratio of nutrient loading to the Gulf of Mexico from the Mississippi River Basin increased before the late 1980s driven by the enhanced usage of N fertilizer over P fertilizer, whereafter the N:P loading ratio started to decrease although the N:P ratio of fertilizer application did not exhibit a similar trend. Here, we hypothesize that different release rates of soil legacy nutrients might contribute to the decreasing N:P loading ratio. Our study used a data‐model integration framework to evaluate N and P dynamics and the potential for long‐term accumulation or release of internal soil nutrient legacy stores to alter the ratio of N and P transported down the rivers. We show that the longer residence time of P in terrestrial ecosystems results in a much slower release of P to coastal oceans than N. If contemporary nutrient sources were reduced or suspended, P loading sustained by soil legacy P would decrease much slower than that of N, causing a decrease in the N and P loading ratio. The longer residence time of P in terrestrial ecosystems and the increasingly important role of soil legacy nutrients as a loading source may explain the decreasing N:P loading ratio in the Mississippi River Basin. Our study underscores a promising prospect for N loading control and the urgency to integrate soil P legacy into sustainable nutrient management strategies for aquatic ecosystem health and water security.