bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Danish National Schizophrenia Project: prospective, comparative longitudinal treatment study of first-episode psychosis
Authors: Rosenbaum Bent , Valbak Kristian , Harder Susanne , Knudsen Per , Køster Anne , Lajer Matilde , Lindhardt Anne , Winther Gerda , Petersen Lone , Jørgensen Per , Nordentoft Merete , Andreasen Anne Helms 
Published: April 2005

BackgroundFirst-episode psychosis intervention may improve the course and outcome of schizophrenic disorders.AimsTo describe the Danish National Schizophrenia Project and to measure the outcome of two different forms of intervention after 1 year, compared with standard treatment.MethodA prospective, longitudinal, multicentre investigation included 562 patients, consecutively referred over a 2-year period, with a first episode of psychosis. Patients were allocated to supportive psychodynamic psychotherapy as a supplement to treatment as usual, an integrated, assertive, psychosocial and educational treatment programme or treatment as usual.ResultsThere was a non-significant tendency towards greater improvement in social functioning in the integrated treatment group and the supportive psychodynamic psychotherapy group compared with the treatment as usual group. Significance was reached for some measures when the confounding effect of drug and alcohol misuse was included.ConclusionsIntegrated treatment and supportive psychodynamic psychotherapy in addition to treatment as usual may improve outcome after 1 year of treatment for people with first-episode psychosis, compared with treatment as usual alone.
Migration, family dysfunction and psychotic symptoms in children and adolescents
Authors: Patino Luis R. , Selten Jean-Paul , van Engeland Herman , Duyx Jan H. M. , Kahn René S. , Burger Huibert 
Published: April 2005

SummaryA cross-sectional study of 3426 referred children and adolescents showed that the presence of both migration history and family dysfunction was associated with a fourfold (95% CI 2–9) higher risk of psychotic symptoms compared with the absence of these factors. The relative risk was 2 (95% CI 1–4) for migration history only. Interaction between migration history and family dysfunction accounted for 58% (95% CI 5–91%) of those with psychotic symptoms. These results suggest a relationship between family dysfunction and migration in the development of psychosis.
Assaults by patients on psychiatric trainees: frequency and training issues
Authors: Pieters Guido , Speybrouck Ewoud , De Gucht Véronique , Joos Staf 
Published: April 2005

Aims and MethodTo conduct a survey on the frequency and severity of assaults by patients on psychiatric trainees, and the availability of training on managing violent patients; a self-report questionnaire developed in the USA was adapted to the Flemish situation. Data were collected from 99 psychiatric trainees from the Dutch speaking part of Belgium, representing a 60% response rate.ResultsAs many as 56% of the respondents had been confronted with at least one physical assault by a patient during their residency, whereas 72% had already been threatened by a patient. Only a small minority had received any training related to patient violence.Clinical ImplicationsSome formal teaching or training in managing (potentially) violent patients should be incorporated in psychiatric training in Flanders.
Role of the CDKN2A Locus in Patients With Multiple Primary Melanomas
Authors: Puig Susana , Malvehy Josep , Badenas Cèlia , Ruiz Anna , Jimenez Dolores , Cuellar Francisco , Azon Antoni , Gonzàlez Urbá , Castel Teresa , Campoy Antoni , Herrero Josep , Martí Rosa , Brunet-Vidal Joan , Milà Montserrat 
Published: April 2005

Purpose We have studied a consecutive case series of patients with multiple primary melanoma (MPM) for the involvement of the melanoma susceptibility loci CDKN2A and CDK4. Patients and Methods One hundred four MPM patients (81 patients with two primary melanomas, 14 with three, five with four, one with five, two with six, and one with seven) were included. Results Seven different CDKN2A germline mutations were identified in 17 patients (16.3%). In total, we identified 15 CDKN2A exon 2, one exon 1α missense mutation, and one exon 1β frameshift mutation. The age of onset was significantly lower and the number of primary melanomas higher in patients with mutations. CDKN2A mutations were more frequent in patients with familial history of melanoma (35.5%) compared with patients without (8.2%), with a relative risk (RR) of 4.32 (95% CI, 1.76 to 10.64; P = .001), and in patients with more than two melanomas (39.1%) compared with patients with only two melanomas (10%) with an RR of 3.29 (95% CI, 1.7 to 6.3; P = .002). The A148T polymorphism was more frequent in patients with MPMs than in the control population (P = .05). A variant of uncertain significance, A127S, was also detected in one patient. No CDK4 mutations were identified, suggesting that it has a low impact in susceptibility to MPM. Conclusion MPM patients are good candidates for CDKN2A mutational screening. These patients and some of their siblings should be included in a program of specific follow-up with total body photography and digital dermoscopy, which will result in the early detection of melanoma in this subset of high-risk patients and improve phenotypic characterization.
Shipping Multiple Items by Capacitated Vehicles: An Optimal Dynamic Programming Approach
Authors: Anily Shoshana , Tzur Michal 
Published: April 2005

We consider a system in which multiple items are transferred from a warehouse or a plant to a retailer through identical capacitated vehicles, or by identical freight wagons. Any mixture of the items may be loaded onto a vehicle. The retailer is facing dynamic deterministic demand for several items, over a finite planning horizon. A vehicle incurs a fixed cost for each trip made from the warehouse to the retailer. In addition, there exist item-dependent variable shipping costs and inventory holding costs at the retailer, which are both constant over time. The objective is to find a shipment schedule that minimizes the total cost, while satisfying demand on time. We address and partially resolve the question regarding the problem’s complexity by introducing a dynamic programming algorithm whose complexity is polynomial for a fixed number of items, but exponential otherwise. Our dynamic programming formulation is based on properties satisfied by the optimal solution, and uses an innovative way for partitioning the problem into subproblems.
Pedestrian Behavior at Bottlenecks
Authors: Hoogendoorn Serge P. , Daamen W. 
Published: April 2005

Traffic operations in public walking spaces are to a large extent determined by differences in pedestrian traffic demand and infrastructure supply. Congestion occurs when pedestrian traffic demand exceeds the capacity. In turn, the latter is determined by a number of factors, such as the width of the bottleneck and the wall surface, as well as the interaction behavior of the pedestrians passing the bottleneck. This article discusses experimental findings of microscopic pedestrian behavior in case of bottlenecks. Results for both a narrow bottleneck and a wide bottleneck are discussed and compared to the results of an experiment without a bottleneck. It is shown how pedestrians inside bottlenecks effectively form layers or trails, the distance between which is approximately 45 cm. This is less than the effective width of a single pedestrian, which is around 55 cm. The layers are thus overlapping, a phenomenon which is referred to as the “zipper” effect. The pedestrians within these layers follow each other at 1.3 seconds, irrespective of the considered experiment. For the narrow bottleneck case (width of one meter) two layers are formed; for the wide bottleneck case (width of two meters), four or five layers are formed, although the life span of these layers is rather small. The zipper effect causes the capacity of the bottleneck to increase in a stepwise fashion with the width of the bottleneck, at least for bottlenecks of moderate width (less than 3 m). This has substantial implications for the design of walking facilities.
Simplified two‐fluid model for gas‐lift efficiency predictions
Authors: Guet S. , Ooms G. , Oliemans R. V. A. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractA simplified Euler–Euler model was developed for predicting the void fraction and velocity profiles in a vertical upward bubbly pipe flow. The main objective of this approach is to provide a tool for computing the gravitational pressure gradient associated with a large number of flow conditions. This model is based on existing correlations for the interfacial momentum transfer and turbulence modeling. Assuming a fully developed, axially symmetric flow, our formulation reduces to a set of first‐order equations, which can be solved with relatively fast convergence. The results obtained with our approach are first validated by comparisons with experiments collected in small‐diameter tubes taken from the literature. Then, the model results are compared with our experiments at low liquid input, moderate pipe diameter conditions and for various bubble size values. The model is found to correctly predict the evolution of void fraction and velocity profiles associated with bubble size and liquid input changes. The drift‐flux model distribution parameter and the superficial gas velocity for various flow conditions was finally computed. The results show a reasonable comparison with experiments. © 2005 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2005
Use of a stochastic precipitation nowcast scheme for fluvial flood forecasting and warning
Authors: Pierce Clive , Bowler Neill , Seed Alan , Jones Anne , Jones David , Moore Robert 
Published: April 2005

AbstractIn collaboration with the Bureau of Meteorology (Melbourne, Australia), the Met Office (Joint Centre for Hydro–Meteorological Research, UK) has developed a stochastic precipitation nowcast scheme, designed to model and predict the PDF of surface rain rate and rain accumulation in space and time. Here we demonstrate the range of probabilistic products generated by the scheme, and their potential applications for fluvial flood forecasting and warning.With the aid of a hydrological model (the PDM), we consider the use of ensembles of predicted catchment rain accumulation in evaluating the range of possible river flow responses from a given catchment. When employed in conjunction with a catchment specific, cost‐based decision‐making model, we highlight the value of PDFs of forecast catchment rainfall accumulation and river flow as an aid to objective decision making within the flood warning process. Crown Copyright 2005. Reproduced with the permission of Her Majesty's Stationery Office. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nowcasting for New Zealand
Authors: Gray Warren , Larsen Howard , Seed Alan 
Published: April 2005

AbstractTechniques are assessed for analysing the skill with which weather radar data can be extrapolated to provide short‐term rainfall forecasts. In addition to visual inspection, forecast skill is assessed using catchment‐averaged statistics—comparing analyses with rain gauge averages, forecasts with analyses and forecast river flow with measured flow. Copyright © 2005 Royal Meteorological Society
Providing distributed forecasts of precipitation using a Bayesian nowcast scheme
Authors: Fox Neil I. , Wikle Christopher K. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThis article presents examples of the nowcast products that can be generated using a stochastic Bayesian precipitation nowcast scheme. Using this scheme, one can view QPF distributions, variance (uncertainty) fields and cumulative probability distributions by point/pixel and, by simulating small catchments as a collection of pixels, the uncertainty characteristics at different spatial scales. Copyright © 2005 Royal Meteorological Society
Integration of weather radar data into a raster GIS framework for improved flood estimation
Authors: Yu B. , Seed A. , Pu L. , Malone T. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractWeather radar data were used to estimate rainfall fields at 2‐km resolution for a large flood event in 1999 in south‐east Queensland, Australia, and subsequently integrated with a raster‐based hydrologic model (RAMS) for runoff generation and flow routing. Gauge‐based and radar‐based temporal storm patterns are quite similar for the storm event. Agreement between gauge‐based and radar‐based event rainfall totals is not as good as that for spatially averaged intensities. Correlation between gauge‐based and radar‐based rainfall measurements is not sensitive to the exponent value in the Z–R relationship for the event tested. The hydrologic model with 4 parameters for the entire 13 600‐km2 catchment works very well when calibrated against the measured hydrograph. An overall model efficiency of 0.61 is achieved with respect to predicted peak discharge for 17 validation sites in the catchment. RAMS compares favourably with URBS, a rainfall‐runoff model using gauge‐based measurements currently in use for flood forecasting purposes. Copyright © 2005 Royal Meteorological Society
Heat perturbation of bovine eye lens α‐crystallin probed by covalently attached ratiometric fluorescent eye 4′‐diethylamino‐3‐hydroxyflavone
Authors: Avilov S. V. , Bode Cs. , Tolgyesi F. G. , Klymchenko A. S. , Fidy J. , Demchenko A. P. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractBovine eye lens α‐crystallin was covalently labeled with 6‐bromomethyl‐4′‐diethylamino‐3‐hydroxyflavone and studied under native‐like conditions and at the elevated temperature (60°C) that is known to facilitate α‐crystallin chaperone‐like activity. This novel SH‐reactive two‐band ratiometric fluorescent probe is characterized by two highly emissive N*‐ and T*‐bands; the latter appears due to excited state intramolecular proton transfer reaction. The positions of these bands and the ratio of their intensities for the α‐crystallin–dye conjugate are the sensitive indicators of polarity of the dye environment and its participation in intermolecular hydrogen bonding. Although we found that the dye labels both the SH and the NH2 groups in α‐crystallin, a recently developed procedure allowed us to distinguish between the heat‐induced spectral changes of the dye molecules attached to SH and NH2 groups. We observed that at elevated temperature the environment of the SH‐attached dye becomes more polar and flexible. The number of H‐bond acceptor groups in the vicinity of the dye decreases. Since α‐crystallin contains a single Cys residue within the C‐terminal domain of its αA subunit (the αB subunit contains none), we can attribute the observed effects to temperature‐induced changes in the C‐terminal domain of this protein. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 78: 340–348, 2005This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
Characterization and optimization of acoustic filter performance by experimental design methodology
Authors: Gorenflo Volker M. , Ritter Joachim B. , Aeschliman Dana S. , Drouin Hans , Bowen Bruce D. , Piret James M. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractAcoustic cell filters operate at high separation efficiencies with minimal fouling and have provided a practical alternative for up to 200 L/d perfusion cultures. However, the operation of cell retention systems depends on several settings that should be adjusted depending on the cell concentration and perfusion rate. The impact of operating variables on the separation efficiency performance of a 10‐L acoustic separator was characterized using a factorial design of experiments. For the recirculation mode of separator operation, bioreactor cell concentration, perfusion rate, power input, stop time and recirculation ratio were studied using a fractional factorial 25 − 1design, augmented with axial and center point runs. One complete replicate of the experiment was carried out, consisting of 32 more runs, at 8 runs per day. Separation efficiency was the primary response and it was fitted by a second‐order model using restricted maximum likelihood estimation. By backward elimination, the model equation for both experiments was reduced to 14 significant terms. The response surface model for the separation efficiency was tested using additional independent data to check the accuracy of its predictions, to explore robust operation ranges and to optimize separator performance. A recirculation ratio of 1.5 and a stop time of 2 s improved the separator performance over a wide range of separator operation. At power input of 5 W the broad range of robust high SE performance (95% or higher) was raised to over 8 L/d. The reproducible model testing results over a total period of 3 months illustrate both the stable separator performance and the applicability of the model developed to long‐term perfusion cultures. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
New Methods for the Generation of Carbohydrate Arrays on Glass Slides and Their Evaluation
Authors: Biskup Moritz B. , Müller Jan U. , Weingart Ralf , Schmidt Richard R. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractGlycosides, having spacers functionalized with an aldehyde or a carboxylic group, were immobilized through reductive amination or amidation, respectively, onto amino‐functionalized glass slides. Hybridization experiments with lectins exhibited very little nonspecific protein binding, hence precluding the necessity for the blocking of unreacted functional groups on the glass slide. The covalency and the concentration dependency of the sugar ligation to the glass slide were demonstrated; the reversibility and the selectivity of lectin–carbohydrate interactions were shown.
Biosynthetic Precursors of Fungal Pyrrolizidines, the Loline Alkaloids
Authors: Blankenship Jimmy D. , Houseknecht Justin B. , Pal Sitaram , Bush Lowell P. , Grossman Robert B. , Schardl Christopher L. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractLoline alkaloids are saturated pyrrolizidines with a substituted 1‐amino group and an oxygen bridge between C2 and C7, and are insecticidal metabolites of plant‐symbiotic fungi (endophytes). Cultures of the endophyte, Neotyphodium uncinatum, incorporated labeled L‐proline and L‐homoserine into the 1‐aminopyrrolizidine, N‐formylloline. The A‐ring carbons C1–C3 and the N1 were derived from L‐homoserine; the B‐ring carbons C5–C8 and the ring nitrogen were derived from L‐proline. Incorporation of both deuterium atoms from L‐[4,4‐2H2]homoserine and feeding tests with labeled L‐methionine indicated that L‐homoserine incorporation was not achieved via aspartyl semialdehyde or S‐adenosylmethionine, but probably involved a highly novel NC bond‐forming γ‐substitution reaction.
Characterization of Electrocoagulation for Removal of Chromium and Arsenic
Authors: Parga J.R. , Cocke D. L. , Valverde V. , Gomes J. A. G. , Kesmez M. , Moreno H. , Weir M. , Mencer D. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractProtection of the global environment and, in particular, providing a sustainable source of clean water is a necessity for human survival. The wide use of heavy metals by modern industries has generated by‐products containing heavy metals. Specifically, large quantities of chromium and arsenic containing compounds are being discharged into the environment. This study has been conducted to determine the feasibility of an electrocoagulation (EC) process using air injection to remove these inorganic elements with iron electrodes. Powder X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission Mössbauer spectroscopy were used to characterize the solid products formed at iron electrodes during EC. The results of this study suggest that magnetite particles and amorphous iron oxyhydroxides are present in the examined EC products. The field pilot‐scale study demonstrated the removal of Cr(VI)/Cr(III) and As(III)/As(V) with an efficiency of more than 99 % from both wastewater and wells.
Assessment of Drop Coalescence and Breakup for Stirred Extraction Columns
Authors: Hasseine A. , Meniai A.‐H. , Lehocine M. B. , Bart H.‐J. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThis work is a model assessment study considering two major hydrodynamic parameters: the holdup of the dispersed phase and the Sauter diameter. This is done for two different types of extraction columns, namely, the rotating disc contactor (RDC) and the Kühni column, using different drop breakup and coalescence models in a droplet population balance model. Based on the film drainage models for undeformable (spherical drops) and deformable drops with partially mobile interfaces, different simulations have been performed and the results compared with experimental values. The agreement between the experimental observation and the simulation is encouraging and the used models have proven to be suitable to predict holdup and Sauter diameter profiles for the system toluene/water.
Use of Specific Functionalised Tips with STM: A New Identification Method of Ester Groups and Their Molecular Structure in Self‐Assembled Overlayers
Authors: Volcke Cedric , Simonis Priscilla , Durant François , Thiry Paul A. , Lambin Philippe , Culot Christine , Humbert Christophe 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThe influence of chemical modification of scanning tunnelling microscopy tips on image contrast is studied. This technique is applied to the identification of an ester functional group, hardly visible otherwise. Self‐assembled overlayers of wax esters [CH3‐(CH2)14‐CO‐O‐(CH2)15‐CH3], adsorbed at the interface between highly oriented pyrolitic graphite and a solution of phenyloctane, are imaged. The gold tips used are chemically modified by 4‐mercaptobenzoic acid and 4‐mercaptotoluene. The stability of the ordered overlayers formed facilitates the reproducible set of images with submolecular resolution. This allows the identification of the layer regular structure and of other features within molecules, which can be unambiguously related to the fingerprints of the COO bond. Moreover, we are interested in finding evidence of molecular motions observed at domain boundaries.
Supramolecular Assemblies of a Series of 2‐Arylbenzimidazoles at the Air/Water Interface: In Situ Coordination, Surface Architecture and Supramolecular Chirality
Authors: Guo Zongxia , Yuan Jing , Cui Yong , Chang Fei , Sun Wenhua , Liu Minghua 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThe spreading behavior and supramolecular assemblies of some arylbenzimidazoles with 2‐substituted aromatic groups such as phenyl, naphthyl, anthryl and pyrenyl on water surface and the subphase containing AgNO3 were investigated. It was observed that although these compounds lack long alkyl chains, they showed surface activity when spread from chloroform solution on water surface and formed the supramolecular assemblies. When AgNO3 was present in the subphase, a coordination between the imidazole group of the compounds and AgI occurred in situ in the spreading film, which was verified by the surface pressure/area (π–A) isotherms and UV/Vis absorption spectra. Both the spreading films from water and the aqueous AgNO3 subphase were transferred onto solid substrates and their surface morphologies as well as properties were characterized by AFM, UV/Vis absorption and CD spectra. Various surface morphologies such as nanoparticles, block domains and nanoutensils were observed depending on the substituted aromatic groups. Interestingly, although all of these compounds were achiral, supramolecular chirality was obtained for some of the arylbenzimidazole films assembled from either the water surface or the subphase containing AgNO3. It was revealed that chiral assemblies could be obtained from water surface for the benzimidazoles which have pyrenyl or α‐naphthyl groups. For benzimidazole derivative with anthryl group, chiral assemblies could be obtained when spreading on the aqueous AgNO3 subphase. For the benzimidazoles with phenyl or β‐naphthyl groups, no chirality was obtained. It was suggested that both the overcrowded stacking of the aromatic groups and the cooperative arrangement of the molecules on water surface or aqueous AgNO3 subphase play a crucial role in forming the chiral supramolecular assemblies.