bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MAKING WAVES: A LEADER WHO HAPPENS TO BE A WOMAN
Authors: McArthur Sarah 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe author discusses her work with Lisa Lutoff–Perlo, an author in this issue of Leader to Leader. Lutoff–Perlo rose in the corporate ranks to be CEO of Celebrity Cruises. The latter’s leadership journey is told with the background of the author’s work with the late Frances Hesselbein, our founder and longtime editor‐in‐chief. Toward the end of her life (she passed away in 2022 at 107), she and the author shared the title. She writes, “I shared with Lisa Frances Hesselbein’s response when introduced as a ‘woman leader’ as if her gender was the most important attribute of her leadership.” Frances would reply to the introduction that she was rather “a leader who happens to be a woman. I am a leader first.” With that simple statement, “we immediately understood that her focus on being a leader was more important to her than her gender.” And she notes that Lutoff–Perlo, “through diligence, determination, and a lot of heart, courage, and smarts ‘scaled the corporate ladder’ and become a great leader. More than that, as one who includes, inspires, and encourages she raises the rest of us up with her.”
Multiscale modeling of granular dynamics on flowslide triggering and runout
Authors: Yang Ming , Buscarnera Giuseppe 
Published: February 2024

AbstractA hierarchical multiscale modeling framework is proposed to simulate flowslide triggering and runout. It couples a system‐scale sliding‐consolidation model (SCM) resolving hydro‐mechanical feedbacks within a flowslide with a local‐scale solver based on the discrete element method (DEM) replicating the sand deformation response in the liquefied regime. This coupling allows for the simulation of a seamless transition from solid‐ to fluid‐like behavior following liquefaction, which is controlled by the grain‐scale dynamics. To investigate the role of grain‐scale interactions, the DEM simulations replace the constitutive model within the SCM framework, enabling the capture of the emergent rate‐dependent behavior of the sand during the inertial regime of motion. For this purpose, a novel algorithm is proposed to ensure the accurate passage of the strain rate from the global analysis to the local DEM solver under both quasi‐static (pre‐triggering) and dynamic (post‐triggering) regimes of motion. Our findings demonstrate that the specifics of the coupling algorithm do not bear significant consequences to the triggering analysis, in that the grain‐scale dynamics is negligible. By contrast, major differences between the results obtained with traditional algorithms and the proposed algorithm are found for the post‐triggering stage. Specifically, the existing algorithms suffer from loss of convergence and require proper numerical treatment to capture the micro‐inertial effects arising from the post‐liquefaction particle agitation responsible for viscous‐like effects that spontaneously regulate the flowslide velocity. These findings emphasize the important role of rate‐dependent feedback for the analysis of natural hazards involving granular materials, especially for post‐failure propagation analysis.
Has the introduction of increased genetic prenatal testing affected rates of termination of pregnancy due to fetal abnormality?
Authors: Raaby Line , Lou Stina , Lodberg Ivarsen Rikke Ramløv , Sørensen Jette , Larsen Ole Halfdan , Vogel Ida 
Published: February 2024

AbstractObjectiveGenetic high‐resolution analyses and improved diagnostic imaging have impacted the ability to detect fetal disorders. It is unknown if this resulted in an alteration in the number of terminations of pregnancy due to fetal anomalies (TOPFA). The objective was to describe the incidence and indication of TOPFA.MethodsA descriptive study based on records from the Regional Abortion Council in the Central Denmark Region from 2008 to 2021 consisting of 1895 TOPFA.ResultsA consistent incidence of TOPFA was observed, accounting for 0.96% of the total births during that period. When examining fetal indications, there was a small increase in the occurrence of genetic aberrations, primarily caused by deletions, duplications, and single nucleotide variations, whereas the number of chromosomal aberrations remained stable. Of 35.5% of the cases with malformations, the central nervous system was the most affected organ system, followed by malformations of the heart 29.6%. Overall, the total number of cases remained stable.Discussion and conclusionUnexpectedly, despite the development of new diagnostic tools, the incidence of TOPFA from 2008 to 2021 remained stable. However, the number of cases with genetic aberrations increased. This may be attributed to increased genetic testing for fetuses with identified malformations, resulting in more accurate diagnoses.
Reactive extrusion of post‐irradiated poly(ethylene terephthalate) to improve the interfacial interactions in compounding with its immiscible polyethylene blends
Authors: Jamalzadeh Mansoureh , Sobkowicz Margaret J. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe aggregation of plastic waste results in immiscible polymer blends with inferior properties. This study explores the application of irradiation technology on polymer processing for its potential to increase the compatibility of immiscible polymer blends composed of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) and linear low‐density polyethylene (LLDPE). When PET is radiated, it undergoes chain‐scission reactions resulting in the formation of free radicals. The extended lifespan of these free radicals in post‐irradiated PET provides an opportunity for inducing interface reactions with LLDPE during compounding through reactive extrusion. PET was irradiated with up to 50 and 200 kGy irradiation absorbance doses of gamma irradiation and then compounded with LLDPE in a twin‐screw extruder at three blend compositions. Analysis of rheological, morphological, and mechanical properties demonstrates the compatibility improvement in this immiscible polymer blend attributed to irradiation‐induced free radical interface reactions using post‐irradiated PET up to 50 kGy to conduct the reactive extrusion process.Highlights
Reactive extrusion process with post‐irradiated PET.
Formation of interface reactions.
Improving the compatibility of immiscible polymer blend.
Development of ‘TN16‐520R1’: A drought‐tolerant soybean cultivar with glyphosate resistance
Authors: Smallwood Christopher J. , Shekoofa Avat , Allen Fred L. , Pantalone Vincent R. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe glyphosate‐tolerant soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] line ‘TN16‐520R1’ (Reg. no. CV‐560, PI 703273) was released as a high‐yielding cultivar by University of Tennessee Agricultural Research in 2018. TN16‐520R1 is a BC4F2 cultivar derived from the recurrent parent ‘Ellis’, with drought tolerance and a maturity group (MG) of V‐early. It has white flowers, gray pubescence, tan podwall, and a determinate growth habit. The seed has buff hila, is yellow with smooth seed coat, and contains 40% protein and 22% oil on a dry weight basis. TN16‐520R1 has good resistance to lodging and good seed quality (1.8 and 1.6, respectively, on 1–5 scale), and a seed size of 11.8 g per 100 seed. Like Ellis, TN16‐520R1 has performed competitively throughout much of the mid‐South United States over several years, with testing occurring over a 6‐year period in 100 environments. Further, TN16‐520R1 is remarkably like the recurrent parent Ellis for yield, maturity, lodging, height, protein, and oil. Also, like Ellis, TN16‐520R1 is resistant to stem canker [caused by Diaporthe phaseolorum (Cooke & Ellis) Sacc. var. caulivora K.L. Athow & R.M. Caldwell] and southern root‐knot nematode [Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid and White) Chitwood] and has field tolerance to frogeye leafspot [caused by Cercospora sojina (Hara)]. This combination of beneficial traits and broad adaptability make TN16‐520R1 an excellent choice as a soybean cultivar for producers or a crossing parent for breeders.
Experimental and theoretical study on reactive oxygen and nitrogen species generation in plasma bubbles with ammonia solution
Authors: Deng Siqi , Xing Wenwu , Sato Takeru , Zen Shungo , Takeuchi Nozomi 
Published: February 2024

AbstractLow‐temperature plasma‐assisted nitrogen fixation is a promising method for organic‐polluted soil/water remediation, that improves N‐fertilizer performance and mitigates ammonia emission. Our study explores a novel approach: plasma bubbles‐assisted ammonia treatment, and investigates the role played by various reactive substances in the oxidation of ammonia. The specific reaction pathways and the contribution of OH radicals in the ammonia oxidation process in O2 plasma treatment are determined. Air emerges as the optimal feed gas owing to a positive feedback loop in the reaction between NO2− and H2O2. Air plasma treatment enriches N in the ammonia solution and minimizes ammonia loss during treatment. This study offers new insights into an advanced plasma‐assisted ammonia treatment method.
Three‐dimensional path following control of underactuated autonomous underwater vehicles with nonzero roll dynamics: A novel line‐of‐sight‐guided approach
Authors: Zhang Yuwei , Li Shaoshi , Wang Weijie , Wang Shaoping , Mu Rui 
Published: February 2024

AbstractMost existing path following control approaches for underactuated Autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) assumed that the roll angle can be passively stabilized at zero, and simplified the problem to the 5‐degree‐of‐freedom model. However, in practice, the roll motion suffers from undesirable oscillations induced by environmental disturbances, unbalanced propeller torque, etc. To preserve the stability of the system under nonzero roll dynamics, this paper proposes a novel line‐of‐sight‐ (LOS) guided path following control approach. Firstly, the spatial path following error dynamics model is derived to comprehensively reveal the negative effect of roll dynamics. Secondly, an improved LOS guidance law is designed to compensate for the nonzero roll angle. A salient feature is that the proposed guidance law can be applied to the underwater vehicle no matter it is underactuated in the roll motion or not. Thirdly, by assigning the guidance angles to the desired attitude angles, a robust attitude tracking controller is developed, in which the adaptive estimation technique is employed to handle the lumped uncertainties. The tanh‐based saturation function is incorporated such that the resultant control signals are inherently bounded. The closed‐loop path following and attitude tracking errors are proved to be globally asymptotically stable at the origin. Comparative simulation results are provided to substantiate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method.
The impact of a multiple‐row Tamarix windbreak on grain size parameters of aeolian sand flux
Authors: Miri Abbas , Webb Nicholas P. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractUnderstanding the effects of windbreaks on aeolian sediment transport rates, and the size distribution of aeolian sediments transported through them, is important for designing windbreaks to optimize their wind erosion mitigation benefits. This field study determines the size distribution of aeolian sediments upwind (x = −100 m), within (x = 100 and 256 m) and downwind (x = 448 and 560 m) (where x is the distance from the first row of windbreak) of a multi‐row Tamarix windbreak as the basis for further investigation of the influence of vegetation on aeolian sediment characteristics. The volumetric percentage of grains around the peaks of 100 and 20–30 µm showed variability with distance and between the three measured events. We found that the vertical distribution of grain size parameters indicated that mean grain size (Mz) may decrease with height upwind of the windbreak, and inflections were observed in the profiles of sorting (σ1), skewness (SK), and kurtosis (KG) within the windbreak, which may be attributable to blocking and trapping effect of the vegetation. Sediments were poorly sorted with the distributions of grain sizes being fine‐skewed and leptokurtic. The horizontal distribution of grain size indicated that Mz increased from x = −100 m to x = 100 m and then decreased at x = 256 m, indicating that the windbreak was unable to retain small particles. The windbreak could trap particle sizes <50 µm and particles >50 µm transported to downwind region of windbreak. Within the windbreak, SK and KG increased, and σ1 decreased. Downwind of the windbreak (at x = 448 and 560 m), Mz and KG increased, and σ1 and SK decreased. The results of the current study provide preliminary information on the variability of aeolian sediment grain sizes during transport relative to vegetation and suggest that multirow windbreaks could influence downwind particulate matter size concentrations and soil health.
Selective Capacitive Removal of Pb2+ from Wastewater over Biochar Electrodes by Zinc Regulation
Authors: Wu Yangfeng , Feng Haopeng , Tang Jing , Yang Zhenhao , Lan Chenrui , Guo Yuyao , Tang Lin 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBiochar materials have shown great potential for broad catalytic application. However, using these materials in the capacitive deionization technology (CDI) system for heavy metal removal still faces a significant challenge due to their low specific capacity and removal capability. Here, a comprehensive regulation on the interfacial/bulk electrochemistry of biochar by Zn doping is reported, which suggests a high renewable capacity (20 mg g−1) and outstanding selective capacitive removal ability (SCR) of Pb2+ from leachate. The SCR efficiency of Pb2+ is as high as 99% compared to K+ (8%), Na+ (13%), and Cd2+ (37%). This work proves that the doped Zn on the biochar can combine with OH− generated by water splitting to form M─OH bonds, which is beneficial for improving the specific capacity. Significantly, the relationship between double‐layer capacitance and pseudo‐capacitance can also be optimized by regulating the content of Zn, leading to different removal abilities of heavy metals. Therefore, this work offers insights into charge‐storage kinetics, which provide valuable guidelines for designing and optimizing the biochar electrode for broader environmental applications.
Built‐In Electric Field Boosted Overall Water Electrolysis at Large Current Density for the Heterogeneous Ir/CoMoO4 Nanosheet Arrays
Authors: Chang Yanan , Lu Xuyun , Wang Shasha , Li Xiaoxuan , Yuan Zeyu , Bao Jianchun , Liu Ying 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAdvanced bifunctional electrocatalysts are essential for propelling overall water splitting (OWS) progress. Herein, relying on the obvious difference in the work function of Ir (5.44 eV) and CoMoO4 (4.03 eV) and the constructed built‐in electric field (BEF), an Ir/CoMoO4/NF heterogeneous catalyst, with ultrafine Ir nanoclusters (1.8 ± 0.2 nm) embedded in CoMoO4 nanosheet arrays on the surface of nickel foam skeleton, is reported. Impressively, the Ir/CoMoO4/NF shows remarkable electrocatalytic bifunctionality toward hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER), especially at large current densities, requiring only 13 and 166 mV to deliver 10 and 1000 mA cm−2 for HER and 196 and 318 mV for OER. Furthermore, the Ir/CoMoO4/NF||Ir/CoMoO4/NF electrolyzer demands only 1.43 and 1.81 V to drive 10 and 1000 mA cm−2 for OWS. Systematical theoretical calculations and tests show that the formed BEF not only optimizes interfacial charge distribution and the Fermi level of both Ir and CoMoO4, but also reduces the Gibbs free energy (ΔGH*, from 0.25 to 0.03 eV) and activation energy (from 13.6 to 8.9 kJ mol−1) of HER, the energy barrier (from 3.47 to 1.56 eV) and activation energy (from 21.1 to 13.9 kJ mol−1) of OER, thereby contributing to the glorious electrocatalytic bifunctionality.
Visualization of Nanocrystallites in Organic Semiconducting Blends Using Cryo‐Electron Microscopy
Authors: Bothra Urvashi , Venugopal Hariprasad , Kabra Dinesh , McNeill Christopher R. , Liu Amelia C. Y. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe efficiency of an organic solar cell is highly dependent on the complex, interpenetrating morphology, and molecular order within the composite phases of the bulk heterojunction (BHJ) blend. Both these microstructural aspects are strongly influenced by the processing conditions and chemical design of donor/acceptor materials. To establish improved structure‐function relationships, it is vital to visualize the local microstructural order to provide specific local information about donor/acceptor interfaces and crystalline texture in BHJ blend films. The visualization of nanocrystallites, however, is difficult due to the complex semi‐crystalline structure with few characterization techniques capable of visualizing the molecular ordering of soft materials at the nanoscale. Here, it is demonstrated how cryo‐electron microscopy can be utilized to visualize local nanoscale order. This method is used to understand the distribution/orientation of crystallites in a BHJ blend. Long‐range (>300 nm) texturing of IEICO‐4F crystallites oriented in an edge‐on fashion is observed, which has not previously been observed for spin‐coated materials. This approach provides a wealth of quantitative information about the texture and size of nanocrystallites, which can be utilized to understand charge generation and transport in organic film. This study guides tailoring the material design and processing conditions for high‐performance organic optoelectronic devices.
Static and dynamic responses to hyperoxia of normal placenta across gestation with T2*‐weighted MRI sequences
Authors: Bartin R. , Melbourne A. , Bobet L. , Gauchard G. , Menneglier A. , Grevent D. , Bussieres L. , Siauve N. , Salomon L. J. 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACTObjectivesT2*‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequences have been identified as non‐invasive tools with which to study placental oxygenation in vivo. This study aimed to use these to investigate both static and dynamic responses to hyperoxia of the normal placenta across gestation.MethodsWe conducted a single‐center prospective study including 52 uncomplicated pregnancies. Two T2*‐weighted sequences (T2* relaxometry) were performed, one before and one after maternal hyperoxia. The distribution of placental T2* values was modeled by fitting a gamma probability density function (T2* ), describing the structure of the histogram using the mean T2* value, the shape parameter (α) and the rate (β). A dynamic acquisition (blood‐oxygen‐level‐dependent (BOLD) MRI) was also performed before and during maternal oxygen supply, until placental oxygen saturation had been achieved. The signal change over time was modeled using a sigmoid function, to determine the intensity of enhancement (ΔBOLD (% with respect to baseline)), a temporal variation coefficient (λ (min–1), controlling the slope of the curve) and the maximum steepness (Vmax (% of placental enhancement/min)).ResultsThe histogram analysis of the T2* values in normoxia showed a whole‐placenta variation, with a decreasing linear trend in the mean T2* value (Pearson's correlation coefficient (R) = −0.83 (95% CI, −0.9 to −0.71), P < 0.001), along with an increasingly peaked and narrower distribution of T2* values with advancing gestation. After maternal hyperoxia, the mean T2* ratios (mean T2*hyperoxia/mean T2*baseline) were positively correlated with gestational age, while the other histogram parameters remained stable, suggesting a translation of the histogram towards higher values with a similar appearance after maternal hyperoxia. ΔBOLD showed a non‐linear increase across gestation. Conversely, λ showed an inverted trend across gestation, with a weaker correlation (R = −0.33 (95% CI, −0.58 to −0.02), P = 0.04, R2 = 0.1). As a combination of ΔBOLD and λ, the changes in Vmax throughout gestation were influenced mainly by the changes in ΔBOLD and showed a positive non‐linear correlation with gestational age.ConclusionsOur results suggest that the decrease in the T2* placental signal as gestation progresses does not reflect placental dysfunction. The BOLD dynamic signal change is representative of a free‐diffusion model of oxygenation and highlights the increasing differences in oxygen saturation between mother and fetus as gestation progresses (ΔBOLD) and in the placental permeability to oxygen (λ). © 2024 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Dalits and their territorial rights in India
Authors: Momen Md Nurul , Shahen Md Abu 
Published: February 2024

AbstractA caste is one of the conventional four social strata into which Hindu society seperates its members. The scriptures from ancient India make reference to it. The four classes are the Brahmins (priestly people), the Kshatriyas (rulers, administrators, and warriors; also known as Rajanyas), the Vaishyas (artisans, merchants, businessmen, and farmers), and the Shudras are the lowest of the caste system (laboring classes). However, an individual of the lowest class in traditional Indian society falls outside of the Hindu caste system and is subject to severe social restrictions. This commentary is divided into three parts; the first part highlights the caste system, the second part examines the constitutional and legislative safeguards for them, and the third part illustrates the current social disparity of Dalits in India.
Thermal entry problem for a tube with prescribed heat flux condition using viscoplastic fluid: An extended Graetz problem for Casson fluid with axial conduction and viscous dissipation
Authors: Khan Muhammad Waris Saeed , Asghar Zeeshan , Shatanawi Wasfi , Gondal Muhammad Asif 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis study explores the impact of axial conduction and viscous dissipation on heat transfer inside a tube by employing the Casson fluid model. A semianalytical approach is employed to handle the considered problem. The application of the separation of variable technique converts the heat equation into a set of ordinary differential equations. A built‐in function bvp4c in Matlab is adopted for numerical solutions in terms of eigenvalues and eigenfunctions. The obtained results are thoroughly discussed through pictorial representations. The finding shows that the Peclet and Brinkman numbers could not be ignored where an accurate temperature is essential for the final product. The both Peclet numbers and Brinkman numbers have a strong influence on the entrance temperature profile of the tube. In addition, the viscoplastic parameter raises the local Nusselt number in developing and fully developed regions of the tube. This analysis may be helpful in the advancement of thermal devices that are used to diagnose many diseases.
Willmore Surfaces
Authors: Pinkall Ulrich , Gross Oliver 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe analog for a surface $$f\colon M\to \mathbb {R}^3$$
f
:
M
→

ℝ

3

of the bending energy $$\int _a^b\kappa ^2\,ds$$

∫

a

b

κ

2

d
s
is the Willmore functional$$W(f)=\int _M H^2\det $$
W
(
f
)
=

∫

M

H

2

det
.
Integration and Stokes’ Theorem
Authors: Pinkall Ulrich , Gross Oliver 
Published: February 2024

AbstractFor a curve $$\gamma \colon [a,b]\to \mathbb {R}^n$$
γ
:
[
a
,
b
]
→

ℝ

n

, global quantities like the length or the bending energy were defined as integrals over arclength of certain functions on $$[a,b]$$
[
a
,
b
]
.
Levi-Civita Connection
Authors: Pinkall Ulrich , Gross Oliver 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe Levi-Civita connection of a surface $$f\colon M \to \mathbb {R}^3$$
f
:
M
→

ℝ

3

provides a geometrically meaningful way to take directional derivatives of a vector field Y  on M. Based on the Levi-Civita connection we derive two important equations that are satisfied by the curvature of a surface in $$\mathbb {R}^3$$

ℝ

3

: the Gauss equation and the Codazzi equation.