bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
8‐Prenylgenistein, a prenylated genistein derivative, exerted tissue selective osteoprotective effects in ovariectomized mice
Authors: Zhang Yan , Li Xiaoli , Wang Yongjun , Wong Man‐Sau 
Published: November 2023

Our previous studies reported that the in vitro osteogenic effects of 8‐prenylgenistein (8PG) were more potent than its parent compound genistein in osteoblastic UMR 106 cell. This study aimed to study the in vivo osteoprotective effects of 8PG in ovariectomized (OVX) mice as well as to characterize its estrogenic effects in uterus. Mature OVX C57BL/6J mice were treated with phytoestrogen‐free AIN‐93M diet containing 8PG (300 & 600 ppm) or genistein (300 ppm) for 7 weeks. Trabecular bone properties, mRNA and protein expression in bone and uterus were determined. The potential estrogenic effects in uterus and endometrial Ishikawa cells were evaluated. Trabecular bone mass and most of the micro‐structural parameters were significantly ameliorated at the distal metaphysis of femur in OVX mice upon treatment with genistein and both doses of 8PG. The beneficial effects of 8PG on trabecular bone and articular chondrocytes in OVX mice were confirmed by safranin O and ABHO staining and the 3D micro‐CT image. 8PG markedly inhibited the OVX‐induced mRNA expressions of RANKL/OPG, ALP, type 1 collagen, osteocalcin, cathepsin K and estrogen receptor alpha (ER‐α) in bone. In contrast, genistein further increased the OVX‐induced ER‐α expression in bone. The uterus index was increased in genistein‐treated group, but not in 8PG‐treated groups. Genistein up‐regulated the expression of ER‐α and PR, while 8PG significantly down‐regulated the ER‐α and C3 expression in the uterus of OVX mice. Moreover, genistein, but not 8PG, increased expressions of ER‐α and PCNA in Ishikawa cell. Competitive binding assay showed that the ability of genistein and 8PG to bind ER‐α were comparable, while the binding affinity of 8PG to ER‐β was higher than that of genistein. 8PG improved trabecular bone properties in OVX mice without exerting uterotrophic effects and its estrogenic actions were distinct from those of genistein.Support or Funding InformationThis work was supported by the Project of National Basic Research Program in China (973 Plan, 2010CB530400), Shenzhen Basic Research Program [JCYJ20140819153305696, JCYJ20140819153305697], Innovative Research Team in University (PCSIRT, IRT1270), the National Natural Science foundation of major international cooperation projects (81220108027 & 81220108028), Longyi Innovation Team Program (LYCX‐01) as well as research support of the Hong Kong Polytechnic University (IBBAB).
Age and Metabolic Fuel Preference Impact Proliferative Capacity of Human Myogenic Progenitor Cells
Authors: Riddle Emily S , Roman Heather A , Thalacker‐Mercer Anna E 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundIn response to injury, older skeletal muscle demonstrates an impaired regenerative response characterized by dysregulation of inflammation, protein degradation, cell growth and proliferation, and stress transcripts. Further, in vitro myogenic progenitor cells (MPCs) from older donors have reduced proliferative capacity; however, the underlying etiology and mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. Recognizing that metabolic fuel preference impacts proliferative capacity of cells and muscle becomes metabolically inflexible with age, we hypothesized that fuel preference would impact MPC proliferative capacity in older cells.ObjectiveThe objective was to characterize metabolic gene expression and signaling throughout human MPC proliferation and identify age differences that might impact proliferative capacity.MethodsPrimary human muscle progenitor cells (MPCs) were obtained from the vastus lateralis muscle of young males (YM‐MPC, n=6), old males (OM‐MPC, n=3), young females (YF‐MPC, n=6), and old females (OF‐MPC, n=6). Cells were cultured in Ham's F12 supplemented with 20% FBS and bFGF throughout proliferation. A high‐throughput imaging cytometer was used to determine % confluency, nuclei count, and % of dead cells every 24 hours. Saturation density was defined as the # nuclei at proliferation plateau/ cm2. Cultured MPCs were also harvested at two time points during proliferation: the first and third day out of lag. The first day out of lag was defined as the first increase in % confluency of ≥ 5%. Real time qPCR was used to measure mRNA abundance of select genes associated with nutrient transport, mitochondrial biogenesis, inflammation, and stress in cultured MPCs.ResultsIn MPCs from males, % confluency, saturation density, and CAT‐1 mRNA levels were lower in OM‐MPC than YM‐MPC. PGC1‐α and IL6 mRNA levels were higher in OM‐MPC, and the % of dead cells was greater compared to YM‐MPC. % of dead cells decreased over time in both OM‐MPC and YM‐MPC. In female MPCs, % confluency, saturation density, and NFkB and GLUT1 mRNA levels were lower in OF‐MPC compared to YF‐MPC. % of dead cells was higher in OF‐MPC compared to YF‐MPC but decreased with time in all female MPCs. PGC1‐α and CD36 mRNA levels were higher in OF‐MPC, but increased with time in all female MPCs. CAT‐1 and CAT‐2 decreased over time in proliferating female MPCs, independent of age.ConclusionsOlder MPCs were slower to proliferate, experienced heightened cell death throughout proliferation, and reached lower saturation densities in both sexes. Interestingly, PGC1‐α mRNA was greater in both OF‐ and OM‐MPCs compared to their young counterpart. Differential expression of genes related to nutrient uptake and metabolism suggest that older MPCs have altered fuel preference that may impair proliferative capacity.Support or Funding InformationCornell University
SLC30A and SLC39A Family Members are targeted by MicroRNAs that also target genes within the Transforming Growth Factor‐β Signaling Pathway
Authors: Grider Arthur 
Published: November 2023

Zinc is essential for normal growth and development in humans; and deficiency causes impaired growth. The SLC30A (cation diffusion; ZNT) and SLC39A (zrt/irt‐like proteins; ZIP) gene families encode zinc transporters necessary for maintaining cellular zinc homeostasis. ZNT gene products transport zinc out of the cytosol while the ZIP gene products transport zinc into the cytosol. Hence, they are responsible for cellular zinc uptake or secretion, and intracellular compartmentalization. The Transforming Growth Factor‐β (TGF‐β) signaling pathway is involved in numerous cellular processes, including bone development and osteoblast differentiation. The purpose of this study was to determine whether microRNAs (miRNA) that are predicted to target the zinc transporter genes (SLC30A contains 10 members; SLC39A contains 14 members) also target genes within the TGF‐β signaling pathway. Each zinc transporter gene member was used to query the miRDB.org database to identify miRNAs predicted to target them. Those miRNAs which exhibited target prediction scores ≥81 were then used to query the DIANA TOOLS mirPath v.3 database to identify the genes that they are predicted to target within the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) hsa04350 TGF‐β signaling pathway. At total of 366 miRNAs are predicted to target 23 of the 24 Zn transporter mRNAs (there are six miRNAs that are predicted to target SLC39A4 (ZIP4) mRNA, however the target prediction scores range from 76 to 52; SLC39A4 was excluded from further analyses). There were 7 zinc transporter genes that were predicted to be targets for 20 or more miRNAs (SLC30A: ZNT4, ZNT5, ZNT7; SLC39A: ZIP8, ZIP9, ZIP10, ZIP14). ZNT5 and ZIP9 were predicted to be targeted by 55 and 52 miRNAs, respectively. A total of 2048 mRNA targets are contained within 76 TGF‐β signaling pathway genes. 37 genes are targeted by 20 or more miRNAs; 25 genes are targeted by 30 or more miRNAs; 18 genes are targeted by 30 or more miRNAs. There were two genes within the TGF‐β signaling pathway that were predicted to be targets for more than 100 miRNAs, activin receptor type 2B and bone morphogenetic protein receptor type II. The results indicate that there is significant overlap between the miRNAs that target the members of the zinc transporter gene families and those that target genes within the TGF‐β signaling pathway.Support or Funding InformationUSDA NIFA Hatch GEO00794
Effects of Shiikuwasha extract supplementation on muscle protein synthesis in the rat model of insulin resistance
Authors: Narita Kazusa , Maeda Naho , Okamoto Tomoyuki , Sakata Yasuyuki , Oshio Kazutaka , Nakamura Hirohiko , Iwamoto Hiroshi , Namba Kazuyoshi , Takeda Yasuhiro , Yoshizawa Fumiaki 
Published: November 2023

The loss of skeletal muscle mass with aging, referred to as sarcopenia, is a significant problem that has serious implications on the quality of life of the elderly, especially in an aging society such as Japan. The etiology of skeletal muscle atrophy is reported to be multifaceted and involve insulin resistance. Recently, we reported that Shiikuwasha (Citrus depressa) extract as an inhibitory effect on dexamethasone‐induced skeletal muscle atrophy. The aim of this study was to examine whether supplementation with Shiikuwasha extract has an inhibitory effect on loss of skeletal muscle mass caused by insulin resistance in Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats.Male ZDF rats were assigned to three groups: (1) lean control (LC), (2) diabetic control (DC), (3) Shiikuwasha extract supplementation (SE). LC and DC animals received an AIN‐93G diet, whereas SE animals were maintained on a diet containing 1% (w/w) SE for 2 weeks.As skeletal muscle mass was assessed, significant decrease was observed in the mass of the gastrocnemius, soleus, plantaris, tibialis anterior, and extensor digitorum longus muscles in the DC group compared to that in the LC group. By contrast, the SE group exhibited significant increases in all the skeletal muscles except the soleus muscle. There was no significant increase in the phosphorylation states of p70 S6 kinase and 4E‐BP1 in the SE group. However, the SE group showed higher mRNA expression level of IGF‐1 than the DC group. Moreover, the levels of blood HbA1c and plasma insulin were lower in the SE group than in the DC group.Our data show that Shiikuwasha extract supplementation may ameliorate loss of skeletal muscle mass associated with insulin resistance. This mechanism might depend on the improvement of insulin sensitivity and partially, on the activation of protein synthesis.
The exercise intervention may influence the dietary intake and reduce the risk of osteoporosis and sarcopenia in menopausal women
Authors: YANG PINCHUN , Chen Chihhwa , Chiou Hung‐Yi , Li Yu‐Ling , Hsu Guoo‐Shyng Wang 
Published: November 2023

Middle‐aged and elderly people usually have certain aspects of physical deterioration, such as muscle and bone losses which lead to fall easily, and increased the risk of fractures. Menopausal women with reduced estrogen secretion are more prone to bone loss than men in the same age. Meanwhile, deficit in dietary intake of bone and muscle health related nutrients, such as calcium, vitamin D and protein, in addition to low physical activities may change bone and muscle metabolism. Therefore, the aim of this study is to identify the effects of exercise intervention and nutritional status on the muscle mass, muscle strength, body mass index (BMI), and muscle mass index (MMI). Twenty menopause women averaged 58 year old were recruited in this study to measure the bone mass density by dual energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) and body composition analysis (BIA), Meanwhile, food record (FR), food‐frequency questionnaire (FFQ), physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ) were collected. Subjects participated in the sport class, a 90 minutes per week. In the end of this 3‐month period, muscle test, FR, BIA, FFQ and IPAQ were recorded. The results indicated that the exercise intervention could improve part of muscle strength and increase the walking speed of the subjects. Moreover, the intakes of calories, protein, fat and phosphorus were significantly lower than baseline (P<0.05). However, energy from carbohydrate is significantly higher compared with baseline. The intake of calcium, vitamin D, vitamin E and vitamin C in subjects were lower than 2/3 DRIs. In addition, the subjects' BMD were associated with the limbs muscle strength (p<0.05). Moreover, the daily steps in osteoporosis group were significantly lower than osteopenia and normal groups. In addition, dietary intake wasn't significantly correlated to BMD, muscle mass, daily steps and physical activity. In conclusion, the menopausal women may improve the muscle strength and physical activities levels by the exercise intervention for reducing the osteoporotic and sarcopenic risk.Support or Funding InformationThe Wang Jhan‐Yang Public Charitable Trust Fund, The Taiwanese Osteoporosis Association, Taipei Medical University, and Fu Jen Catholic University
Elevation of Cecal IgA Concentration by Fructooligosaccharide Ingestion Is Associated with Immunological and Inflammatory Responses in Rats
Authors: Genda Tomomi , Kondo Takashi , Hino Shingo , Morita Tatsuya 
Published: November 2023

ObjectivesPrevious studies have suggested that fructooligosaccharides (FOS) induce a transient increase of luminal IgA secretion related to the proliferation of lactic acid bacteria. Some clinical and animal studies, however, indicated a possible relevance of a mild inflammation with the FOS effect on luminal IgA. The present study aimed to scrutinize this inflammation hypothesis.Materials & MethodsRats were fed a purified diet (control), control + 5% cellulose (CEL), or a commercial crude diet with or without 6% FOS supplementation for 7 days. Besides immunological and microbial fermentation parameters, determinations of gut permeability as assessed by urinary Cr‐EDTA excretion, bacterial translocation into the mesenteric lymph nodes (BT‐MLN), and myeloperoxidase activity in the cecal tissue (MPO) were paralleled.Results and FindingsAt day 7, FOS supplementation to the control diet resulted in a 15‐fold increase in the cecal IgA concentrations accompanied by significant increases in IgA plasma cells (x 1.5) and gene expressions of IFN‐r (x 3) and polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR, × 2) in the cecal mucosa. Simultaneously, FOS significantly increased gut permeability (x 3), BT‐MLN, and MPO (x 3). FOS supplementation to the CEL diet also showed significant increases in the IgA concentrations and the other parameters, but all of these were considerably weakened. FOS supplementation to the crude diet did not show any immunological and inflammatory changes. Even at day 3, FOS supplementation to the control diet increased the cecal IgA concentrations (x8) with significant increases in pIgR expressions but not IgA plasma cells. Collectively, FOS‐induced Th‐1 response followed by the up‐regulation of pIgR is supposed to be responsible for the elevated IgA concentrations.ConclusionThe FOS‐induced early elevation of cecal IgA is associated with a subtle (physiological) inflammation, probably due to the cecal fermentation imbalance characterized by an accumulation of lactate and extremely lower pH.
Broiler Chickens Express High‐Affinity and Gradient Alkaline Phosphatase Activity along the Intestinal Longitudinal Axis
Authors: Zhou Kevin , Burello Nicole A , Wang Weijun , Archbold Tania , Leung Haley , Kiarie Elijah , Fan Ming Z 
Published: November 2023

Broiler chickens have been increasingly bred to grow fast and reach their market body weight within 6 to 7 weeks of age. Alkaline phosphatases (AP) have a key role in dephosphorylating endotoxin lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and other emblematic members of pathogen‐associated‐molecular patterns (PAMPs) such as ATP, thus preventing gut dysbiosis and disorders. However, roles of AP in maintaining gut health in young broiler chickens remain to be elucidated. This study was carried out to determine AP activity kinetics in the duodenal, jejunal, and ileal segments of young broiler at pH 7.4 and 41°C by using the chromogenic synthetic substrate P‐nitrophenyl phosphate (pNPP). Ten 28‐d old broiler (Ross 708) chickens that have been maintained on a standard grower corn soybean meal diet were euthanized for collecting duodenum, jejunum and ileum tissue samples. The pNPP kinetic experiments were conducted with 16 gradient concentrations of pNPP, ranging 0 – 6 mM in incubation media. All enzymatic incubations were conducted with about 16 μg protein of the homogenized small intestinal segmental tissues. The kinetics (parameter estimates ± SE, P < 0.05) of the broiler small intestinal segmental AP activities of hydrolyzing pNPP were obtained, including Vmax values (μmol/mg protein·min, n = 80) of 0.419 ± 0.020, 0.196 ± 0.008, and 0.076 ± 0.003; and Km values (uM, n = 80) of 9.6 ± 5.2, 11.8 ± 5.2, and 38.1 ± 10.0 in the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum, respectively. Pooled t‐test showed that the Vmax was higher (P < 0.05) in the duodenum than in the jejunum by 1.1‐fold, and than in the ileum by 4.5‐fold, respectively while the Vmax value was higher (P < 0.05) in the jejunum than in the ileum by 1.6‐fold. Whereas the Km value was lower (P < 0.05) in the duodenum than in the jejunum by 19%, and than in the ileum by 75%, respectively while the Km value was lower (P < 0.05) in the jejunum than in the ileum by 69%. Our results reveal that young broiler chickens express a very high‐affinity duodenal AP isomer with several times of higher enzyme affinity when compared with reported bovine, human and porcine intestinal AP hydrolyzing pNPP. Results of this study show that young broiler chickens express a declining pattern of gradient maximal AP enzyme activity and enzyme affinity from the duodenum to the ileum along the small intestinal longitudinal axis when using the chromogenic substrate pNPP for representing the generic emblematic PAMPs members.Support or Funding InformationNSERC Discovery Program of Canada and Metagen Enzyme Corporation
Maternal high fat diet alters offspring susceptibility to DSS‐induced colitis
Authors: Bibi Shima , Kang Yifei , Du Min , Zhu Mei‐Jun 
Published: November 2023

ObjectiveMaternal high fat diet (HFD) may alter the offspring intestinal immune system thereby enhancing susceptibility towards inflammatory bowel disease. The objective of the current study was to investigate the impact of maternal HFD on offspring intestinal health using a mouse model of dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)‐induced colitis.MethodsDams were provided with either 60% HFD or control diet. After weaning female offspring from both groups were kept on 45% HFD. At 12‐weeks old, offspring were challenged to 2.5% DSS in drinking water for 5 days, followed by 5 days of recovery.ResultsOffspring from maternal HFD had higher body weight gain before DSS‐induction, higher liver and fat weights with increased adipocyte size at necropsy. When subjected to DSS‐treatment, HFD offspring had accelerated body weight loss and exaggerated disease activity index, accompanied with increased histopathological scores and up‐regulated pro‐inflammatory cytokine production and NF‐κB signaling. Concomitantly, maternal HFD resulted in enhanced neutrophil infiltration associated with elevated expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1. Furthermore, maternal HFD suppressed AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity, and decreased sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) and p53 protein contents in offspring gut.ConclusionMaternal HFD consumption predisposes offspring to develop inflammatory bowel disease (NIH R15HD073864).
What's in Your Fiber Supplement? Using the Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD) to Evaluate Your Fiber Supplement
Authors: Emenaker Nancy J. , Sorkin Barbara C. , Dwyer Johanna , Saldanha Leilia , Rodriguez Luz M. 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundDietary fibers promote gut health and reducerisk for diseases, including cancer. Few Americans consume enough high fiberfoods to meet their requirements without consuming fiber‐containing dietary supplements (FCDS). Differing fibers may exert differing effects on health and disease risk. Fermentability of these fiber components may also influence microbial GI composition. Greater understanding of the fiber constituents found in commonly consumed FCDS are needed to enable consumers and health care professionals to make better health promotion choices.ObjectiveTo describe fiber constituents in FCDS currently marketed in the U.S.MethodWe searched the dietary supplement label database (DSLD) using the American Association of Cereal Chemists definition of dietary fiber constituents and their sub‐classifications as ingredients for FCDS. The fiber constituent threshold for inclusion was FCDS containing ≥ 0.1g fiber per serving.ResultsDSLD yielded over 4,300 FCDS products. Pectins were the most common fiber constituent occurring in 289 products, followed by gums (203 products). Polyfructose and hemicellulose were absent from FCDS, but inulin and arabinogalactans were found in 94 and 67 products, respectively. Only 30 products contained cellulose; fewer FCDS contained mucilages (8 products) or galactooligosaccharides (3 products). No FCDS products marketed in the U.S. contained oligiofructans or arabinoxylans as a fiber constituent. These data suggest non‐starch based polysaccharides and resistant oligosaccharides comprisea smaller than expected share of the FCDS sold in the U.S.ConclusionOur findings suggest DS manufacturers may rely more heavily on carbohydrates structurally analogous to dietary fibers found in nature fiber constituents for FCDS sold in the U.S.Support or Funding InformationDSLD is supported by the Office of Dietary Supplements, and National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health.
Dietary pea protects against DSS‐induced colitis in mice fed high fat diet
Authors: Zhu Meijun , Bibi Shima , Moraes Luís Fernando Sousa , Lebow Noelle , Du Min 
Published: November 2023

IntroductionObesity is the root cause of a variety of chronic inflammatory and metabolic diseases including heart disease, hypertension and type 2 diabetes. Pea is unique with its high contents of dietary fibers, polyphenolics and glycoproteins, all of which are known to be beneficial to health. The objective of study was to investigate the impact of green pea supplementation on the susceptibility of high fat diet (HFD) fed mice to dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)‐induced colitis.MethodsSix‐week‐old wild‐type male mice were fed with a 45% HFD supplemented with green pea (0 or 10% of dry feed weight) for 7‐weeks, when mice were subjected to 2.5% DSS treatment to induce colitis. The disease symptoms were monitored on daily basis throughout the DSS‐treatment and recovery period. Colonic tissues and fecal sample were collected for analysis.ResultsPea supplementation had no effect on body weight gain and feed intake in mice before DSS treatment and disease symptoms during DSS treatment. However, during the recovery stage, pea supplementation ameliorated body weight loss, fecal breeding and disease activity index in HFD mice. Concomitantly, dietary pea reduced neutrophil infiltration in colonic tissue of HFD mice, increased fecal short chain fatty acids content, major gut microbiota metabolites. Additionally, supplementation of pea soluble extract in culture medium promoted the growth of beneficial Lactobacillus plantarum, which might partially explain the protective role of pea on DSS‐induced colitis in HFD mice.ConclusionPea supplementation ameliorated colitis symptom in DSS induced colitis of HFD fed mice. (American Pulse Association)