bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neovascularisation and pain in jumper’s knee: a prospective clinical and sonographic study in elite junior volleyball players
Authors: Gisslén K , Alfredson H 
Published: June 2005

Background:The nature of tendon neovascularisation associated with pain over time has not been studied.Objective:To prospectively study the patellar tendons in elite junior volleyball players.Methods:The patellar tendons in all students at the Swedish National Centre for high school volleyball were evaluated clinically and by ultrasonography (US) and Power Doppler (PD) sonography.Results:Altogether 120 patellar tendons were followed for 7 months. At inclusion, jumper’s knee was diagnosed clinically in 17 patellar tendons. There were structural changes on US in 14 tendons, in 13 of which PD sonography showed neovascularisation. There were 70 clinically normal tendons with normal US and PD sonography, 24 clinically normal tendons with abnormal US but normal PD sonography, and nine clinically normal tendons with abnormal US and neovascularisation on PD sonography. At 7 month follow up, jumper’s knee was diagnosed clinically and by US in 19 patellar tendons, in 17 of which there was neovascularisation. Three of nine clinically normal tendons with structural changes and neovascularisation at inclusion developed jumper’s knee. Two of 24 tendons clinically normal at inclusion, with abnormal US but normal PD sonography, developed jumper’s knee with abnormal US and neovascularisation on PD sonography. A total of 20 clinically normal tendons with normal US and PD sonography at inclusion developed structural tendon changes and 12 of these also developed neovascularisation.Conclusions:The clinical diagnosis of jumper’s knee is most often associated with neovascularisation in the area with structural tendon changes. The finding of neovessels might indicate a deterioration of the condition.
A comparison of the physiological profiles of elite Gaelic footballers, hurlers, and soccer players: Table 1
Authors: McIntyre M C 
Published: June 2005

Background:Gaelic football, soccer, and hurling are prominent field games in Ireland and involve participants undertaking a variety of playing tasks and skills which place various physiological demands on the participants. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the mid-season physiological profiles of elite players.Methods:Physiological assessment was carried out on 29 inter-county Gaelic footballers, 30 inter-county hurlers, and 21 League of Ireland soccer players.Results:Significant differences were reported for % body fat (p<0.05), aerobic capacity (p<0.05), flexibility (p<0.05), upper body strength (p<0.05), upper body strength endurance (p<0.05), abdominal endurance (p<0.05), and speed endurance (p<0.05), while there were no differences recorded for height, weight, or speed levels. A relatively heterogeneous body size is evident for all three sports. Soccer players had lower body fat levels, greater aerobic capacity, greater strength endurance, and greater flexibility compared to both Gaelic footballers and hurlers, possibly due to specific training and conditioning programmes or physical adaptation to match play The greater strength of both Gaelic footballers and hurlers and the superior speed endurance levels of Gaelic footballers also reflect the physical nature of the sports. Similar speed levels amongst all three sports reflect the importance of speed for performance.Conclusions:The various physiological attributes for Gaelic football, soccer, and hurling reflect the physical requirements for success and participation in each of these field games.
Injury history as a risk factor for incident injury in youth soccer
Authors: Kucera K L , Marshall S W , Kirkendall D T , Marchak P M , Garrett W E 
Published: June 2005

Objectives:To determine if athletes with a self reported history of previous injury have a higher incident injury rate than athletes without a self reported injury history.Methods:A prospective cohort study of Classic League soccer players playing at the level under 12 through under 18. Injury history forms were mailed to all registering Classic League soccer players in the North Carolina Youth Soccer Association during 1997–2000 (n  =  7000); 1483 (19%) returned the baseline questionnaire and were followed up for injuries.Results:There were 5139 player-seasons of follow up and an estimated 171 957 athlete-exposures. More than half self reported an injury history (59.7%). Overall, the unadjusted incidence rate was 4.6 (95% confidence interval (CI) 4.3 to 4.9) incident injuries per 1000 athlete-exposures. Multivariate generalised Poisson regression modelling indicated that players with one previous injury had a twofold greater risk of incident injury (IRR  =  2.6; 95% CI 2.0 to 3.3), and those with two or more previous injuries had a threefold greater risk of incident injury (IRR  =  3.0; 95% CI 2.3 to 3.8) compared with athletes with no previous injuries.Conclusions:Injury history was associated with an increased injury rate. This suggests that, even in these youth soccer players, those with an injury history may be at higher risk.
Cervical muscle strength measurement in two groups of elite Greco-Roman and free style wrestlers and a group of non-athletic subjects
Authors: Rezasoltani A , Ahmadi A , Nehzate-Khoshroh M , Forohideh F , Ylinen J 
Published: June 2005

Background:Free style and Greco-Roman are two types of wrestling.Objectives:The aim of this study was to examine the maximal isometric strength of cervical extension (ISCE) and the maximal isometric strength of cervical flexion (ISCF) in two groups of elite wrestlers and a group of non-athletic subjects.Methods:Fourteen elite Greco-Roman wrestlers (aged 19–25 years), 16 elite free style wrestlers (aged 18–25 years), and 16 non-athletic subjects (aged 18–25 years) participated in this study. All wrestlers competed at international level with the Iranian national team. Maximum voluntary contractions (MVC) of cervical extensor and flexor muscles were measured using a custom made device. The ratios of ISCE to weight (ISCE/weight), ISCF to weight (ISCF/weight), and ISCF to ISCE (ISCF/ISCE) were calculated for group comparisons. Pearson product moment test was used to estimate correlation between maximal isometric strength measurements and anthropometric variables. A one way analysis of variance was computed to compare ISCE/weight, ISCF/weight, and ISCF/ISCE among groups.Results:There was significant correlation between maximum cervical extension and flexion strengths and weight in all groups (p<0.05, n = 46). The ratios of cervical muscle strengths to weight were significantly higher in wrestlers than in non-athletic subjects (p<0.00). Greco-Roman wrestlers appeared to be stronger than free style wrestlers following comparison of all ratios.Conclusions:Neck muscle force measurements may be a useful test for athletes in combat sports like wrestling. They can be applied to identify the weakness of a group of muscles in the neck area and to devise a proper training program.
Assessment of ventilatory thresholds during graded and maximal exercise test using time varying analysis of respiratory sinus arrhythmia
Authors: Blain G , Meste O , Bouchard T , Bermon S 
Published: June 2005

Objective:To test whether ventilatory thresholds, measured during an exercise test, could be assessed using time varying analysis of respiratory sinus arrhythmia frequency (fRSA).Methods:Fourteen sedentary subjects and 12 endurance athletes performed a graded and maximal exercise test on a cycle ergometer: initial load 75 W (sedentary subjects) and 150 W (athletes), increments 37.5 W/2 min.fRSAwas extracted from heart period series using an evolutive model. First (TV1) and second (TV2) ventilatory thresholds were determined from the time course curves of ventilation and ventilatory equivalents for O2and CO2.Results:fRSAwas accurately extracted from all recordings and positively correlated to respiratory frequency (r = 0.96 (0.03), p<0.01). In 21 of the 26 subjects, two successive non-linear increases were determined infRSA, defining the first (TRSA1) and second (TRSA2)fRSAthresholds. When expressed as a function of power, TRSA1and TRSA2were not significantly different from and closely linked to TV1(r = 0.99, p<0.001) and TV2(r = 0.99, p<0.001), respectively. In the five remaining subjects, only one non-linear increase was observed close to TV2. Significant differences (p<0.04) were found between athlete and sedentary groups when TRSA1and TRSA2were expressed in terms of absolute and relative power and percentage of maximal aerobic power. In the sedentary group, TRSA1and TRSA2were 150.3 (18.7) W and 198.3 (28.8) W, respectively, whereas in the athlete group TRSA1and TRSA2were 247.3 (32.8) W and 316.0 (28.8) W, respectively.Conclusions:Dynamic analysis offRSAprovides a useful tool for identifying ventilatory thresholds during graded and maximal exercise test in sedentary subjects and athletes.
Impact of social standing on sports injury prevention in a WHO safe community: intervention outcome by household employment contract and type of sport
Authors: Timpka T , Lindqvist K , Ekstrand J , Karlsson N 
Published: June 2005

Objectives:As physical activity is promoted as part of a healthy lifestyle, sports injuries are becoming an important public health concern in many countries. The objective of this study is to investigate rates of sports injuries before and after implementation of a WHO Safe Community program.Methods:Sports injury data were collected pre- and post-implementation from all individuals below 65 years of age during 1 year in the targeted municipality (population 41 000) and in a control municipality (population 26 000). A quasi-experimental design was used and individuals were divided into three categories based on household relationship to the labour market.Results:There were no differences between socio-economic categories regarding pre-intervention injury rates. No statistically significant post-intervention changes in injury rate were observed in the control area or among any females in either area. In the intervention area, a statistically significant (p = 0.011) decrease in injury rate was observed among male members of households in which the vocationally important member was employed. A statistically significant decrease was observed in injuries sustained in team sports among male members of households in which the vocationally important member was employed (p = 0.001) and among members of households in which the vocationally important member was self employed (p<0.05).Conclusions:The study indicates areas for improvement in the civic network based WHO Safe Community model. The results show that females, participants in individual sports, and members of non-vocationally active households were less affected by the interventions. These facts have to be addressed in planning future community based sports injury prevention programmes and their evaluations.
Vascularity and pain in the patellar tendon of adult jumping athletes: a 5 month longitudinal study
Authors: Cook J L , Malliaras P , De Luca J , Ptasznik R , Morris M 
Published: June 2005

Background:This study investigated changes in tendon vascularity in 102 (67 men and 35 women) volleyball players over a 6 month competitive season.Methods:Athletes were examined with both grey scale ultrasound and standardised colour Doppler settings. Vessel length and pain were measured each month on five separate occasions. Vascular tendons were divided into (i) those that were vascular on all occasions (persistent vascularity) and (ii) those that were vascular on more than two but less than five occasions (intermittent vascularity).Results:A total of 41 of the 133 abnormal tendons were vascular on two or more occasions. Of these, 16 had persistent vascularity and 25 had intermittent vascularity. There was no significant difference in the prevalence of vascularity between men and women. None of the tendons had a pattern of vascularity over the season that could be clearly interpreted as the onset or resolution of vascularity. Subjects with changes in both tendons were more likely to have persistent vascularity (p = 0.045). Vessels were longer in tendons with persistent vascularity (p<0.000) and pain was significantly greater (p = 0.043) than in tendons with intermittent vascularity. Tendons with intermittent vascularity had similar pain scores on all days, whether or not they had detectable blood flow.Conclusions:These data suggest that the presence of blood vessels is more likely to be the source of pain than the blood flow in them.
Transformed dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans: a clinicopathological study of eight cases
Authors: Szollosi Z , Nemes Z 
Published: June 2005

Background:Fibrosarcomatous (FS) or malignant fibrous histiocytomatous (MFH) transformation of dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) is a rare, but well known, entity. DFSPs with sarcomatous areas have questionable biological behaviour. Several studies suggest that they have a higher risk for local recurrence and distant metastases than ordinary DFSPs. One recent study described no difference in the behaviour of conventional and transformed DFSP.Aims:To investigate the biological behaviour of a series of transformed DFSPs.Methods:Eight transformed DFSPs were analysed clinicopathologically. Follow up ranged from four to 36 years.Results:The tumours involved the trunk (six cases) and lower extremity (two cases) and measured 3.5–8 cm (median, 4). Sarcomatous change presented de novo in all cases. The type of sarcomatous change was FS (five cases) and MFH (three cases). The estimated proportion of sarcomatous area in the tumour was 25–70% (median, 43.37%). Mitotic counts ranged from nine to 16 mitotic figures/10 high power fields in the FS and MFH areas (median, 12), and from one to three in the DFSP areas. Six patients were treated by wide local excision with histopathologically negative margins and two were treated by simple surgical excision with positive margins. Three patients developed recurrences and one developed metastasis during follow up. Of those treated by wide local excision, one developed recurrence. All tumours expressed CD34 in the DFSP component, but only three in the sarcomatous area.Conclusions:Although DFSP containing sarcoma may be a more aggressive tumour, its behaviour can be influenced by surgical treatment.
Axillary apocrine carcinoma with benign apocrine tumours: a case report involving a pathological and immunohistochemical study and review of the literature
Authors: Miyamoto T , Hagari Y , Inoue S , Watanabe T , Yoshino T 
Published: June 2005

Background:Apocrine carcinoma is rare and often occurs in the axilla. This is the second apocrine carcinoma arising in bilateral axillae with associated apocrine hyperplasia to be reported.Aims/Methods:Because benign apocrine tumours may be precursors of cancer, this case was investigated immunohistochemically and histologically, and a literature (English and Japanese) review undertaken of cases with coexistent malignant and benign apocrine tumours in the axilla to elucidate the relation between apocrine carcinoma and benign apocrine tumours.Results:Only four cases of axillary apocrine carcinoma with benign apocrine tumours were identified in the literature. In each case, benign apocrine hyperplasia was situated within and surrounding the adenocarcinomatous nests. Staining for epithelial membrane antigen revealed three patterns: (1) poorly differentiated tumour cells showing strong cytoplasmic staining; (2) combined luminal surface and cytoplasmic staining of glandular cells; and (3) a strongly positive lineal staining pattern at the luminal membrane surface, comprising one or two apocrine hyperplastic secretory cells. The basal lesions of apocrine hyperplasia were strongly positive for α smooth muscle actin, whereas the periphery of adenomatous lesions showed weaker positive staining, even though the periphery of adenocarcinomatous lesions was negative.Conclusions:All five apocrine carcinomas with benign apocrine tumours occurred in elderly Japanese men who had bilateral benign apocrine tumours even if affected by unilateral axillary apocrine carcinoma. The immunohistochemical results support the notion that apocrine hyperplasia is a precursor of cancer and that apocrine carcinoma, adenoma, and hyperplasia may be successive steps in the linear progression to carcinoma.
The use of LYVE-1 antibody for detecting lymphatic involvement in patients with malignant melanoma of known sentinel node status
Authors: Sahni D , Robson A , Orchard G , Szydlo R , Evans A V , Russell-Jones R 
Published: June 2005

Background:Sentinel node (SN) status is the most important prognostic indicator in patients with cutaneous melanoma without clinically evident metastatic spread, but the procedure is associated with considerable morbidity. The LYVE-1 lymphatic marker offers the possibility of studying lymphangiogenesis and tumour metastasis within the primary excision.Aims:To establish whether lymphatic vessel numbers/distribution within the primary tumour correlated with SN status. To assess whether tumour cells were easily demonstrable within lymphatics and could be used as a surrogate for SN status.Methods:Double immunostaining for LYVE-1 and S100 in cutaneous biopsies from 18 SN+ patients with no lymphatic/vascular involvement on routine histology and 18 SN− patients matched for tumour thickness and ulceration.Results:Lymphatic vessels were detected in all cases. Vessels within the tumour mass were suggestive of active lymphangiogenesis; those outside were mainly mature vessels with well defined walls. Tumour cells within lymphatics were detected in one of 18 SN− and five of 18 SN+ patients. Lymphatics containing tumour cells were all outside the tumour mass in well formed vessels, suggesting melanoma cell invasion into preformed lymphatics. There was no significant difference in lymphatic counts between SN+ and SN− patients. Although peritumorous lymphatic counts were higher in ulcerated than non-ulcerated melanomas, they did not vary with Breslow thickness.Conclusion:LYVE-1 staining can reliably demonstrate lymphatic vessel distribution, but lymphatic counts cannot predict melanoma metastatic potential and cannot substitute for SN biopsy. LYVE-1 immunostaining can detect melanoma cells within lymphatics, but is unreliable in predicting melanoma metastasis, failing to detect metastatic spread in more than two thirds of patients with regional node metastasis.
Use of native or platelet count adjusted platelet rich plasma for platelet aggregation measurements
Authors: Mani H , Luxembourg B , Kläffling C , Erbe M , Lindhoff-Last E 
Published: June 2005

Background:It is still not clear whether native or platelet count adjusted platelet rich plasma (PRP) should be used for platelet aggregation measurements.Aim:To evaluate the necessity of using adjusted PRP in platelet function testing.Methods:Platelet aggregation with native PRP and adjusted PRP (platelet count: 250/nl, obtained by diluting native PRP with platelet poor plasma) was performed on the Behring Coagulation Timer (BCT®) using ADP, collagen, and arachidonic acid as agonists. Healthy subjects, patients on antiplatelet treatment, and patients with thrombocytosis (platelet counts in PRP > 1250/nl) were investigated.Results:No significant differences in the maximum aggregation response were seen when using either native or adjusted PRP from healthy subjects and patients on antiplatelet treatment. Nevertheless, some patients taking aspirin or clopidogrel showed reduced inhibition of ADP and arachidonic acid induced aggregation in adjusted PRP but not in native PRP. The maximum velocity of healthy subjects and patients on antiplatelet treatment varied significantly as a result of the degree of dilution of the adjusted PRP. Surprisingly, the BCT provided good results when measuring platelet aggregation of native PRP from patients with thrombocytosis, whereas commonly used aggregometers could not analyse platelet aggregation of native PRP in these patients.Conclusion:The time consuming process of PRP adjustment may not be necessary for platelet aggregation measurements. Moreover, using adjusted PRP for monitoring aspirin or clopidogrel treatment may falsify results. Therefore, it may be better to use native PRP for platelet aggregation measurements, even in patients with thrombocytosis.
Human defensin 5 expression in intestinal metaplasia of the upper gastrointestinal tract
Authors: Shen B , Porter E M , Reynoso E , Shen C , Ghosh D , Connor J T , Drazba J , Rho H K , Gramlich T L , Li R , Ormsby A H , Sy M-S , Ganz T , Bevins C L 
Published: June 2005

Background:Upper gastrointestinal tract intestinal metaplasia (IM) is termed Barrett’s oesophagus (BO) or gastric intestinal metaplasia (GIM), depending on its location. BO and GIM are associated with chemical exposure resulting from gastro–oesophageal reflux and chronicHelicobacter pyloriinfection, respectively. Paneth cells (PCs), characterised by cytoplasmic eosinophilic granules, are found in a subset of IM at these sites, but histology may not accurately detect them.Aim:To determine human defensin 5 (HD5; an antimicrobial peptide produced by PCs) expression in BO and GIM, and to investigate its association withH pyloriinfection.Methods:Endoscopic biopsies from 33 patients with BO and 51 with GIM, and control tissues, were examined by routine histology and forH pyloriinfection and HD5 mRNA and protein expression.Results:In normal tissues, HD5 expression was specific for PCs in the small intestine. Five patients with BE and 42 with GIM expressed HD5, but few HD5 expressing cells in IM had the characteristic histological features of PCs. Most HD5 positive specimens wereH pyloriinfected and most HD5 negative specimens were not infected.Conclusions:HD5 immunohistochemistry was often positive in IM when PCs were absent by conventional histology. Thus, HD5 immunohistochemistry may be superior to histology for identifying metaplastic PCs and distinguishing GIM from BO. The higher frequency of HD5 expression in GIM than in BO is associated with a higher frequency ofH pyloriinfection, suggesting that in IM PCs may form part of the mucosal antibacterial response.
HER2 amplification status in breast cancer: a comparison between immunohistochemical staining and fluorescence in situ hybridisation using manual and automated quantitative image analysis scoring techniques
Authors: Ellis C M , Dyson M J , Stephenson T J , Maltby E L 
Published: June 2005

Aims:To compare the results of breast cancer sections with HercepTest™ immunohistochemistry (IHC) scores ranging from 0 to 3+ with fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) for HER2 amplification. The HER2 digital scoring application of the Micrometastasis Detection System (MDS™) was used, together with manual scoring of FISH and HercepTest, to determine whether this system provides an accurate alternative.Methods:Paraffin wax embedded sections were stained using HercepTest and analysed by eye and automated quantitative image analysis. FISH was performed using the PathVysion™ fluorescent probe and scored by eye and automated quantitative image analysis using MDS.Results:Of 114 cases, 26% were amplified by FISH, whereas only 18% scored 3+; 32% of IHC 2+ cases were amplified by FISH, and one showed borderline amplification. Six percent of IHC negative cases (0 or 1+) were amplified by FISH, and one showed borderline amplification. Of IHC 3+ cases, 10% were non-amplified by FISH. Classification discrepancies were seen in 18% of HercepTest cases scored by eye and using the MDS system. MDS was consistent with visual FISH scoring and correctly differentiated most ambiguous visual IHC scores.Conclusions:FISH provides a more accurate and consistent scoring system for determining HER2 amplification than HercepTest. The MDS system provides a reliable, consistent alternative to visual IHC and FISH scoring. IHC is still a valuable technique to aid in identification of isolated or heterogeneous tumour populations for subsequent FISH analysis, and a combined FISH and HercepTest approach to all breast cancer cases may be the most efficient strategy.