bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
3-D induction log modelling with integral equation method and domain decomposition pre-conditioning
Authors: Saputera D H , Jakobsen M , van Dongen K W A , Jahani N , Eikrem K S , Alyaev S 
Published: November 2023

SUMMARY
The deployment of electromagnetic (EM) induction tools while drilling is one of the standard routines for assisting the geosteering decision-making process. The conductivity distribution obtained through the inversion of the EM induction log can provide important information about the geological structure around the borehole. To image the 3-D geological structure in the subsurface, 3-D inversion of the EM induction log is required. Because the inversion process is mainly dependent on forward modelling, the use of a fast and accurate forward modelling tool is essential. In this paper, we present an improved version of the integral equation (IE) based modelling technique for general anisotropic media with domain decomposition pre-conditioning. The discretized IE after domain decomposition equals a fixed-point equation that is solved iteratively with either the block Gauss–Seidel or Jacobi pre-conditioning. Within each iteration, the inverse of the block matrix is computed using a Krylov subspace method instead of a direct solver. An additional reduction in computational time is obtained by using an adaptive relative residual stopping criterion in the iterative solver. Using this domain decomposition scheme, numerical experiments show computation time reductions by factors of 1.97–2.84 compared to solving the full-domain IE with a GMRES solver and a contraction IE pre-conditioner. Additionally, the reduction of memory requirement for covering a large area of the induction tool sensitivity enables acceleration with limited GPU memory. Hence, we conclude that the domain decomposition method is improving the efficiency of the IE method by reducing the computation time and memory requirement.
The redistributive effect of the public health system: the case of Sierra Leone
Authors: Gabani Jacopo , Mazumdar Sumit , Hadji Sylvester Bob , Amara Michael Matthew 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Universal health coverage (UHC), health equity and reduction of income inequalities are key objectives for the Sierra Leone government. While investing in health systems may drive economic growth, it is less clear whether investing in health systems reduces income inequality. Therefore, a crucial issue is to what extent the Sierra Leone public healthcare system reduces income inequality, and finances and provides healthcare services equitably. We use data from the Sierra Leone Integrated Household Survey 2018 to complete a financing and benefit incidence analysis of the Sierra Leone public healthcare system. We extend these analyses by assessing the redistributive effect of the public healthcare system (i.e. fiscal incidence analysis). We compute the redistributive effect as the change in Gini index induced by the payments for, and provision of, public healthcare services. The financing incidence of the Sierra Leone public healthcare system is marginally progressive (i.e. Kakwani index: 0.011*, P-value &lt;0.1). With regard to public healthcare benefits, while primary healthcare (PHC) benefits are pro-poor, secondary/tertiary benefits are pro-rich. The result is that overall public healthcare benefits are equally distributed (concentration index (CI): 0.008, not statistically different from zero). However, needs are concentrated among the poor, so benefits are pro-rich when needs are considered. We find that the public healthcare system redistributes resources from better-off quintiles to worse-off quintiles (Gini coefficient reduction induced by public healthcare system = 0.5%). PHC receives less financing than secondary/tertiary care but delivers a larger reduction in income inequality. The Sierra Leone public healthcare system redistributes resources and reduces income inequality. However, the redistributive effect occurs largely thanks to PHC services being markedly pro-poor, and the Sierra Leone health system could be more equitable. Policy-makers interested in improving Sierra Leone public health system equity and reducing income inequalities should prioritize PHC investments.
Quality of antenatal care in primary health care in Brazil: a latent class analysis
Authors: Ortelan Naiá , Flores-Quispe Maria Del Pilar , Luz Leandro A. da , Martufi Valentina , Anjos Eduarda F. dos , Lima Acácia M. P. de , Almeida Josemir R. de , Passos Michelle P. V. dos , Santos Ythalo H. S , Amorim Leila D.A.F , Aquino Rosana , Vieira-Meyer Anya P. G. F , Ichihara Maria Yury T , Barreto Mauricio L , Pinto-Junior Elzo P 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background
Adequate antenatal care (ANC) is fundamental in preventing maternal and neonatal mortality. Developing indicators for assessing the ANC quality in Primary Health Care (PHC) is essential.

Objective
To characterize subgroups of quality of care with respect to ANC at the PHC level in Brazil.

Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional study with data from the first Brazil’s National Program for Improving Primary Care Access and Quality (PMAQ-AB) Cycle (2011–2012). A total of 16 566 PHC teams participated in the first cycle of the PMAQ-AB, corresponding to 49.6% of the teams active across Brazil, distributed across 69.3% of Brazilian municipalities. To assess the quality of ANC, six indicators were defined: ‘Group of medicines,’ ‘Protocols and patient flows,’ ‘Record-keeping practices,’ ‘ANC routine tests,’ ‘Protocols for early detection of pregnant women and ANC provision,’ and ‘Identification and ANC of low/high-risk pregnancies.’ Latent Class Analysis (LCA) was carried out to characterize the quality of care provided by PHC teams according to these six indicators.

Results
‘Identification and ANC of low/high-risk pregnancies’ indicator had the highest percentage of teams providing adequate care (39.5%), while ‘ANC routine tests’ had the lowest percentage (16.8%). The LCA identified three classes, and 20.5% of PHC teams had the probability of belonging to the class denominated ‘High adequacy.’

Conclusion
Using a national PHC-level dataset, we evaluated PHC teams’ ANC adequacy through six indicators. Brazilian PHC teams consistently show weaknesses across these indicators, particularly in essential care. This approach can guide global initiatives to evaluate the quality of ANC.
Unveiling the influence of adaptation time on xylanase and arabinoxylan-oligosaccharide efficacy: a study on nutrient digestibility, viscosity, and scanning electron microscopy in the small and large intestine of growing pigs fed insoluble fiber
Authors: Petry Amy L , Huntley Nichole F , Bedford Michael R , Patience John F 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The experiment objective was to evaluate the impact of xylanase over time on viscosity and digestibility in growing pigs fed corn-based fiber. Twenty gilts with an initial body weight of 30.6 ± 0.2 kg (n = 5 per dietary treatment) were fitted with t-cannulae in the medial jejunum and terminal ileum, housed individually, and randomly assigned to one of four dietary treatments: low-fiber control (LF) with 10.4% total dietary fiber (TDF), 30% corn bran high-fiber control (HF; 26.4% TDF), HF + 100 mg xylanase/kg (XY; Econase XT 25P; AB Vista, Marlborough, UK), and HF + 50 mg arabinoxylan-oligosaccharide/kg (AX). Gilts were limit fed for three 17 d periods (P1, P2, P3); each included 5 d adaptation, 2 d fecal collection, 3 d ileal collection, 3 d jejunal collection, and 4 d related rate of passage study. Data were analyzed as repeated measures using a linear mixed model with surgery date as a random effect, and dietary treatment, period, and their interaction as fixed effects. Jejunal and ileal digesta viscosity did not differ among dietary treatments or periods (P &gt; 0.10). There was a dietary treatment × period interaction for the apparent jejunal digestibility (AJD) of dry matter (DM), gross energy (GE), insoluble dietary fiber (IDF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), total arabinoxylan (T-AX), total non-starch polysaccharide (T-NSP), and TDF (P≤ 0.05). In P1, LF had the greatest AJD of DM (15.5%), and relative to HF and AX, XY decreased it (9.3%, 10.1 %, and 6.3%, respectively). In P2, the AJD of DM in XY was greater than HF (11.7% vs. 9.1%) but did not differ from AX (10.5%). Relative to HF, in P3, XY increased AJD of DM (11.7 vs 15.3%), and AX decreased it (7.2%). For the AJD of NDF, AX performed intermediately in P1; in P2, relative to HF, XY, and AX increased the AJD of NDF (8.4%, 13.1%, and 11.7%, respectively), and in P3, XY, and LF did not differ (13.6 vs. 14.4%). A similar response was observed for the AJD of IDF and TDF, except for XY having the greatest AJD of IDF, T-AX, T-NSP, and TDF in P3 (P &lt; 0.05). Compared to LF, irrespective of period, HF decreased the apparent ileal digestibility (AID) and apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of IDF, TDF, and NDF (P &lt; 0.05). Relative to HF, XY partially mitigated this effect, improving the AID and ATTD of TDF, IDF, and NDF (P &lt; 0.05). Increased corn-based fiber decreased nutrient digestibility, but XY partially mitigated that effect in the small intestine through enhanced fiber digestibility when given sufficient adaptation time.
Double Marginalization, Market Foreclosure, and Vertical Integration
Authors: Choné Philippe , Linnemer Laurent , Vergé Thibaud 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Double marginalization is a robust phenomenon in procurement under asymmetric information when sophisticated contracts can be implemented. In this context, vertical integration causes merger-specific elimination of double marginalization but biases the make-or-buy decision against independent suppliers. If the buyer has full bargaining power over prices and quantities, a vertical merger benefits final consumers even when it results in the exclusion of efficient suppliers. If on the contrary the buyer’s bargaining power is reduced after she has committed to deal exclusively with a limited set of suppliers, exclusion of efficient suppliers may harm final consumers.
High levels of short-chain fatty acids secreted by Candida albicans hyphae induce neutrophil chemotaxis via free fatty acid receptor 2
Authors: Khamzeh Arsham , Dahlstrand Rudin Agnes , Venkatakrishnan Vignesh , Stylianou Marios , Sanchez Klose Felix P , Urban Constantin F , Björnsdottir Halla , Bylund Johan , Christenson Karin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Candida albicans belongs to our commensal mucosal flora and in immune-competent individuals in the absence of epithelial damage, this fungus is well tolerated and controlled by our immune defense. However, C. albicans is an opportunistic microorganism that can cause different forms of infections, ranging from superficial to life-threatening systemic infections. C. albicans is polymorphic and switches between different phenotypes (e.g. from yeast form to hyphal form). C. albicans hyphae are invasive and can grow into tissues to eventually reach circulation. During fungal infections, neutrophils in particular play a critical role for the defense, but how neutrophils are directed toward the invasive forms of fungi is less well understood. We set out to investigate possible neutrophil chemoattractants released by C. albicans into culture supernatants. We found that cell-free culture supernatants from the hyphal form of C. albicans induced both neutrophil chemotaxis and concomitant intracellular calcium transients. Size separation and hydrophobic sorting of supernatants indicated small hydrophilic factors as responsible for the activity. Further analysis showed that the culture supernatants contained high levels of short-chain fatty acids with higher levels from hyphae as compared to yeast. Short-chain fatty acids are known neutrophil chemoattractants acting via the neutrophil free fatty acid receptor 2. In line with this, the calcium signaling in neutrophils induced by hyphae culture supernatants was blocked by a free fatty acid receptor 2 antagonist and potently increased in the presence of a positive allosteric modulator. Our data imply that short-chain fatty acids may act as a recruitment signal whereby neutrophils can detect C. albicans hyphae.
Incarceration and screen-detectable cancer diagnosis among adults in Connecticut
Authors: Richman Ilana B , Soulos Pamela R , Lin Hsiu-ju , Aminawung Jenerius A , Oladeru Oluwadamiloa T , Puglisi Lisa B , Wang Emily A , Gross Cary P 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Although incarcerated adults are at elevated risk of dying from cancer, little is known about cancer screening in carceral settings. This study compared stage-specific incidence of screen-detectable cancers among incarcerated and recently released people with the general population, as a reflection of screening practices. We calculated the age- and sex-standardized incidence ratios (SIR) for early- and late-stage cancers for incarcerated and recently released adults compared to the general Connecticut population between 2005 and 2016. Our sample included 143 cancer cases among those incarcerated, 406 among those recently released, and 201 360 in the general population. The SIR for early-stage screen-detectable cancers was lower among incarcerated (SIR = 0.28, 95% CI = 0.17 to 0.43) and recently released (SIR = 0.69, 95% CI = 0.51 to 0.88) individuals than the general population. Incidence of late-stage screen-detectable cancer was lower during incarceration (SIR = 0.51, 95% CI = 0.27 to 0.88) but not after release (SIR = 1.32, 95% CI = 0.93 to 1.82). Findings suggest that underscreening and underdetection of cancer may occur in carceral settings.
Moslosooflavone protects against brain injury induced by hypobaric hypoxic via suppressing oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, energy metabolism disorder, and apoptosis
Authors: Zhang Jie , Zhao Tong , Zhang Pengpeng , Shi Zhiqun , Da Qingyue , Ma Huiping , Jing Linlin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Objectives
To investigate the protect effect of moslosooflavone against brain injury induced by hypobaric hypoxia (HH) in mice.

Methods
Protective effects of moslosooflavone in oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, energy metabolism disorder, and apoptosis were studied in HH-induced brain damage mice. The pathological morphology in the cortex of mice was determined by hematoxylin and eosin staining. The related protein expressions were detected by western blot.

Key findings
Moslosooflavone improved HH-induced brain histopathological changes, reduced the contents of ROS and MDA, and elevated the levels of antioxidant enzymes and GSH in HH-exposed brains of mice. Moslosooflavone also markedly enhanced the ATPase activities and PK, ATP contents, while reducing LDH activity and the LD, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 contents HH-exposed brains of mice. In addition, moslosooflavone notably decreased the expression of HIF-1α, VEGF, Bax, and cleaved caspase-3 dramatically increasing the expression of Bcl-2, Nrf2, and HO‑1 in HH-exposed brains of mice.

Conclusions
Our current studies indicate that moslosooflavone protects HH-induced brain injury possibly through alleviating oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, maintaining the balance of energy metabolism, and inhibiting cell apoptosis.
A Bayesian change-point detection approach to the economic evaluation of risky projects: an application to healthcare technology assessment
Authors: Bregantini Daniele , Schmitt Laetitia H M , Thijssen Jacco J J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We propose a Bayesian hypothesis testing framework that allows for the assessment of evidence collected during a clinical trial about the cost-effectiveness of a healthcare technology. The model exploits a Bayesian updating rule that makes the link between the evidence collected in clinical research and the expected payoffs of adoption to the healthcare system. The framework takes into account the cost of decision errors in the payoff function, allowing the decision maker to compute the cost of taking a decision when evidence is far from the optimal decision triggers. We show, using a real-world cost-effectiveness study based on clinical trial evidence, how rules derived from a sequential adaptive design approach can lead to quicker decisions when compared to the value of information decision framework. Our application shows that a sequential approach has the potential to lead to quicker decisions, higher payoffs, and better health outcomes.
Seasonal dynamics of cell-to-cell transport in angiosperm wood
Authors: Słupianek Aleksandra , Myśkow Elżbieta , Kasprowicz-Maluśki Anna , Dolzblasz Alicja , Żytkowiak Roma , Turzańska Magdalena , Sokołowska Katarzyna 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This study describes the seasonal changes in cell-to-cell transport in three selected angiosperm tree species, Acer pseudoplatanus (maple), Fraxinus excelsior (ash), and Populus tremula × tremuloides (poplar), with an emphasis on the living wood component, xylem parenchyma cells (XPCs). We performed anatomical studies, dye loading through the vascular system, measurements of non-structural carbohydrate content, immunocytochemistry, inhibitory assays and quantitative real-time PCR to analyse the transport mechanisms and seasonal variations in wood. The abundance of membrane dye in wood varied seasonally along with seasonally changing tree phenology, cambial activity, and non-structural carbohydrate content. Moreover, dyes internalized in vessel-associated cells and ‘trapped’ in the endomembrane system are transported farther between other XPCs via plasmodesmata. Finally, various transport mechanisms based on clathrin-mediated and clathrin-independent endocytosis, and membrane transporters, operate in wood, and their involvement is species and/or season dependent. Our study highlights the importance of XPCs in seasonally changing cell-to-cell transport in both ring-porous (ash) and diffuse-porous (maple, poplar) tree species, and demonstrates the involvement of both endocytosis and plasmodesmata in intercellular communication in angiosperm wood.
Record-breaking polarization from the interacting superluminous supernova 2017hcc
Authors: Mauerhan Jon C , Smith Nathan , Williams G Grant , Smith Paul S , Filippenko Alexei V , Bilinski Christopher , Zheng WeiKang , Brink Thomas G , Hoffman Jennifer L , Leonard Douglas C , Milne Peter , Jeffers Benjamin , Modak Shaunak , Stegman Samantha , Zhang Keto D 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT
We present multi-epoch spectropolarimetry of Type IIn supernova SN2017hcc, 16–391 d after explosion. Continuum polarization up to 6 per cent is observed during the first epoch, making SN 2017hcc the most intrinsically polarized SN ever reported at visible wavelengths. During the first 29 d, when the polarization is strongest, the continuum polarization exhibits wavelength dependence that rises toward the blue, then becomes wavelength independent by day 45. The polarization drops rapidly during the first month, even as the flux is still climbing to peak brightness. None the less, unusually high polarization is maintained until day 68, at which point the polarization declines to levels comparable to those of previous well-studied SNe IIn. Only minor changes in position angle (PA) are measured throughout the evolution. The blue slope of the polarized continuum and polarized line emission during the first month suggests that an aspherical distribution of dust grains in pre-shock circumstellar material (CSM) is echoing the SN IIn spectrum and strongly influencing the polarization, while the subsequent decline during the wavelength-independent phase appears consistent with electron scattering near the SN/CSM interface. The persistence of the PA between these two phases suggests that the pre-existing CSM responsible for the dust scattering at early times is part of the same geometric structure as the electron-scattering region that dominates the polarization at later times. SN 2017hcc appears to be yet another, but more extreme, case of aspherical yet well-ordered CSM in Type IIn SNe, possibly resulting from pre-SN mass-loss shaped by a binary progenitor system.
The enigmatic multiple star VV Ori
Authors: Budding Edwin , Southworth John , Pavlovski Krešimir , Rhodes Michael D , Zihao Wu , Love Tom , Blackford Mark G , Banks Timothy S , Alexander Murray 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT
New photometry, including TESS data, have been combined with recent spectroscopic observations of the Orion Ib pulsating triple-star system VV Ori. This yields a revised set of absolute parameters with increased precision. Two different programmes were utilized for the light-curve analysis, with results in predictably close agreement. The agreement promotes confidence in the analysis procedures. The spectra were analysed using the FDBinary programme. The main parameters are as follows: M1 = 11.56 ± 0.14 and M2 = 4.81 ± 0.06 (M⊙). We estimate an approximate mass of the wide companion as M3 = 2.0 ± 0.3 M⊙. Similarly, R1 = 5.11 ± 0.03, R2 = 2.51 ± 0.02, R3 = 1.8 ± 0.1 (R⊙); Te1 = 26600 ± 300, Te2 = 16250 ± 420, and Te3 = 10000 ± 1000 (K). The close binary’s orbital separation is a = 13.91 (R⊙); its age is 8 ± 2 (Myr) and its photometric distance is 396 ± 7 pc. The primary’s β Cep type oscillations support these properties and confirm our understanding of its evolutionary status. Examination of the well-defined λ6678 He i profiles reveals the primary to have a significantly low projected rotation: some 80 per cent of the synchronous value. This can be explained on the basis of the precession of an unaligned spin axis. This proposal can resolve also observed variations of the apparent inclination and address other longer term irregularities of the system reported in the literature. This topic invites further observations and follow-up theoretical study of the dynamics of this intriguing young multiple star.
An archival search for type Ia supernova siblings
Authors: Kelsey L 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT
By searching the Open Supernova Catalog, an extragalactic transient host galaxy database, and literature analyses, I present the largest sample of type Ia supernova (SN Ia) siblings to date. The sample comprises 158 galaxies, consisting of 327 confirmed SNe Ia, over 10 times larger than existing sibling SN Ia samples. SN siblings share host galaxies, and thus share global environmental properties and associated systematic uncertainties. This makes them valuable for both cosmological and astrophysical analyses; for example, sibling SNe Ia allow for comparison of environmental properties within the same galaxy, progenitor comparisons, rates analyses, and multiple calibrations of the Hubble–Lemaître constant. This large sample will provide a variety of new avenues of research, and be of great interest to the wider SN Ia community. To give an example use of this sample, I define a cosmology subsample of 44 siblings; and use it to compare light-curve properties between sibling pairs. I find no evidence for correlations in stretch (x1) and colour (c) between pairs of siblings. Moreover, by comparing a comparable set of random pairs of SNe Ia through boot-strapping, I find that siblings are no more similar in x1 and c than any random pair of SNe Ia. Given that siblings share the same hosts, differences in x1 and c between siblings cannot be due to global galaxy properties. This raises important questions regarding environmental systematics for SN Ia standardization in cosmology, and motivates future analyses of sibling SNe Ia.