bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of very‐short‐term load forecasting based on chaos theory
Authors: Kawauchi Seiji , Sugihara Hiroaki , Sasaki Hiroshi 
Published: May 2004

AbstractIt is indispensable to accurately perform short‐term load forecasting of 10 minutes ahead in order to avoid undesirable disturbances in power system operations. The authors have so far developed such a forecasting method based on conventional chaos theory. However, this approach cannot give accurate forecasting results when the loads consecutively exceed the historical maximum or are less than the minimum. Electric furnace loads with steep fluctuations are another factor degrading the forecast accuracy.This paper presents an improved forecasting method based on chaos theory. In particular, the potential of the Local Fuzzy Reconstruction Method, a variant of the localized reconstruction methods, is fully exploited to realize accurate forecasting as much as possible. To resolve the forecast deterioration due to suddenly changing loads such as by electric furnaces, they are separated from the rest and smoothing operations are carried out afterwards. The separated loads are forecasted independently from the remaining components. Several error correction methods are incorporated to enhance the proposed forecasting method. Furthermore, a consistent measure of obtaining the optimal combination of parameters to be used in the forecasting method is presented. The effectiveness of the proposed methods is verified by using real load data for 1 year. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 148(2): 55–63, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.10322
Novel Bromide PVC‐Based Membrane Sensor Based on Iron(III)‐Salen
Authors: Ganjali Mohammad Reza , Norouzi Parviz , Golmohammadi Mahmood , Rezapour Morteza , Salavati‐Niasari Masoud 
Published: May 2004

AbstractA novel bromide PVC‐based membrane sensor, based on iron(III)‐salen (IS) as an electroactive material, is successfully developed. The sensor possesses the advantages of low detection limit (6.0×10−6), wide working concentration range (7.0×10−6–1.0×10−1 M), Nernstian behavior (slope of 59.0±0.5 mV per decade), low response time (<15 s), wide working pH range (3–9), and specially, high bromide selectivity over a wide variety of organic and inorganic anions, specially iodide, chloride, and hydroxide ions. The electrode was used in the direct potentiometric determination of hyoscine butylbromide, and as an indicator electrode in potentiometric titration of bromide ions with silver ions.
Facilitated Ion‐Transfer of Sodium Cation by (Anthraquinone‐1‐yloxy) methane‐15‐crown‐5 Across the Water/1,2‐Dichloroethane Microinterface
Authors: Han Xiaojun , Zhang Zhiquan , Dong Shaojun , Wang Erkang 
Published: May 2004

AbstractThe transfer of sodium cation facilitated by (anthraquinone‐1‐yloxy) methane‐15‐crown‐5 (L) has been investigated at the water/1,2‐dichloroethane microinterface supported at the tip of a micropipette. The diffusion coefficient of (anthraquinone‐1‐yloxy) methane‐15‐crown‐5 obtained was (3.42±0.20)×10−6 cm2 s−1. The steady‐state voltammograms were observed for forward and backward scans due to sodium ion transfer facilitated by L with 1 : 1 stoichiometry. The mechanism corresponded to an interfacial complexation (TIC) and interfacial dissociation (TID) process. The association constant was calculated to be log βo=11.08±0.03 in the DCE phase. The association constant of other alkali metals (Li+, K+, Rb+) were also obtained.
Single‐Wall Carbon Nanotube Paste Electrodes: a Comparison with Carbon Paste, Platinum and Glassy Carbon Electrodes via Cyclic Voltammetric Data
Authors: Antiochia Riccarda , Lavagnini Irma , Magno Franco , Valentini Federica , Palleschi Giuseppe 
Published: May 2004

AbstractA new carbon electrode material, obtained by mixing single wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) with a mineral oil binder is studied. Carbon nanotube pastes show the special properties of carbon nanotubes combined with the various advantages of composite electrodes such as a very low capacitance (background current) and the possibility of an easy preparation, modification and renewal. A better knowledge of the characteristics of electrode reactions at carbon nanotube paste (CNTP) electrodes was obtained studying the electron transfer rates of various redox couples under different pretreatment conditions. A critical comparison with carbon paste (CP), platinum (Pt) and glassy carbon (GC) electrodes was also carried out. Capacitance and resistance values were also calculated for all electrodes investigated. Both untreated and treated CNTP electrodes showed a low resistance while the capacitance was markedly reduced with CNTP electrodes previously treated with concentrated nitric acid. An electrochemical pretreatment on CNTP electrodes was developed which showed an excellent result towards two‐electron quinonic structure species. After this treatment the heterogeneous standard rate constants for p‐methylaminophenol sulfate (MAP) and dopamine resulted to be significantly higher (2.1×10−2 cm/s and 2.0×10−2 cm/s, respectively) than those obtained with the other electrodes studied. Reproducibility, stability and storage characteristics of CNTP electrodes were also reported.
Effects of adrenaline administration on the interrenal gland of the newt, Triturus carnifex: Evidence of intraadrenal paracrine interactions
Authors: Capaldo A. , Gay F. , Valiante S. , Laforgia V. , Varano L. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractThe existence of paracrine control of steroidogenic activity by adrenochromaffin cells in Triturus carnifex was investigated by in vivo adrenaline (A) administration. The effects were evaluated by examination of the ultrastructural morphological and morphometrical features of the tissues as well as the serum levels of aldosterone, noradrenaline (NA), and adrenaline. In March and July, adrenaline administration reduced aldosterone release (from 187.23 ± 2.93 pg/ml to 32.28 ± 1.85 pg/ml in March; from 314.60 ± 1.34 pg/ml to 87.51 ± 2.57 pg/ml in July) from steroidogenic cells. The cells showed clear signs of lowered activity: they appeared full of lipid, forming large droplets. Moreover, adrenaline administration decreased the mean total number of secretory granules in the chromaffin cells in July (from 7.74 ± 0.74 granules/μm2 to 5.14 ± 1.55 granules/μm2). In this period T. carnifex chromaffin cells contain almost exclusively NA granules (NA: 7.42 ± 0.86 granules/μm2; A: 0.32 ± 0.13 granules/μm2). Adrenaline administration reduced noradrenaline content (4.36 ± 1.40 granules/μm2) in the chromaffin cells, enhancing noradrenaline secretion (from 640.19 ± 1.65 pg/ml to 1030.16 ± 3.03 pg/ml). In March, adrenaline administration did not affect the mean total number of secretory vesicles (from 7.24 ± 0.18 granules/μm2 to 7.25 ± 1.97 granules/μm2). In this period the chromaffin cells contain both catecholamines, noradrenaline (3.88 ± 0.13 granules/μm2), and adrenaline (3.36 ± 0.05 granules/μm2), in almost equal quantities; adrenaline administration reduced adrenaline content (1.74 ± 0.84 granules/μm2), increasing adrenaline release (from 681.27 ± 1.83 pg/ml to 951.77 ± 4.11 pg/ml). The results of this study indicate that adrenaline influences the steroidogenic cells, inhibiting aldosterone release. Adrenaline effects on the chromaffin cells (increase of noradrenaline or adrenaline secretion) vary according to the period of chromaffin cell functional cycle. The existence of intraadrenal paracrine interactions in T. carnifex is discussed. J. Morphol. 261:18–25, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Variation in seasonal ultrastructure of sexual granules in the renal sexual segment of the Northern Water Snake, Nerodia sipedon sipedon
Authors: Krohmer Randolph W. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractThe renal sexual segment of the kidney (RSS) can be found in many male squamate reptiles, encompassing the distal region of the nephron and, in some cases, collecting ducts. This sexually dimorphic structure exhibits varying degrees of hypertrophy and regression throughout the year. Although researchers have been aware of and have investigated this unique structure for over a century, its ultimate function remains under discussion. In many studies hypertrophy and regression of the RSS have been correlated with testicular activity and androgen secretion. As in most of the snakes studied to date, the male Northern Water Snake (Nerodia s. sipedon) does not exhibit a dramatic cycle of hypertrophy and regression, as reported in lizards. Following the initial hypertrophy at maturity, the male Northern Water Snake maintains a level of RSS hypertrophy throughout the year. Variations in the appearance and makeup of the sexual granules provide an identifiable and quantifiable seasonal pattern that can be correlated with the concentration of plasma androgens. In the Northern Water Snake, plasma androgens are elevated upon emergence and the RSS epithelial cells are filled with solid granules. As androgen levels decline during spring, sexual granule content appears to be breaking down (utilized?), becoming diffuse in appearance. By mid‐ to late summer androgen synthesis is at a maximum, increasing circulating androgens and stimulating the development and return of the solid granules. This study utilized electron microscopy and steroid radioimmunoassay to examine seasonal cycles of sex granules, in terms of development, maintenance, and regression, correlated with plasma androgen concentration. In addition, this investigation provides evidence of a possible secondary source of androgen secretion. J. Morphol. 261:70–80, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Morphometric analysis of the larval branchial chamber in the dragonfly Aeshna cyanea Müller (Insecta, Odonata, Anisoptera)
Authors: Kohnert Stefan , Perry Steven F. , Schmitz Anke 
Published: May 2004

AbstractThe aquatic larvae of anisopteran dragonflies possess tracheal gills located in the rectum. Using stereological methods, we estimated the morphometric diffusing capacity for oxygen (DMO2) across the gill epithelium, i.e., from rectal water to the gill tracheoles, in the larvae of Aeshna cyanea. A 271‐mg larva has a total branchial surface area of ∼12 cm2. Tracheoles make up 6% of the epithelial volume of the gills; the harmonic mean thickness of the water–tracheolar diffusion barrier is 0.27 μm and consists mainly of cuticle. The calculated DMO2 is 23.0 μl min‐1 g‐1 kPa‐1, which, using published values for oxygen consumption in a similar species, would result in a mean driving pressure of 0.2 kPa at rest and 1.3 kPa during activity. Since these driving pressures are similar to those reported for other arthropods, we conclude that the DMO2 of the gill is not rate‐limiting for aerobic metabolism in Aeshna cyanea larvae. J Morphol. 261:81–91, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Three‐dimensional model of the feline hindlimb
Authors: Burkholder Thomas J. , Nichols T. Richard 
Published: May 2004

AbstractThis article describes a three‐dimensional musculoskeletal model of the feline hindlimb based on digitized musculoskeletal anatomy. The model consists of seven degrees of freedom: three at the hip and two each at the knee and ankle. Lines of action and via points for 32 major muscles of the limb are described. Interspecimen variability of muscle paths was surprisingly low; most via points displayed a scatter of only a few millimeters. Joint axes identified by mechanical techniques as noncoincident and nonorthogonal were further honed to yield moment arms consistent with previous reports. Interspecimen variability in joint axes was greater than that of muscle paths and highlights the importance of joint axes in kinematic models. The contribution of specific muscles to the direction of endpoint force generation is discussed. J. Morphol. 261:118–129, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Visualization of planar stress distributions in cucumber cultivars using a multiple‐point sheet sensor
Authors: Dan Haruka , Okuhara Kazutake , Kohyama Kaoru 
Published: May 2004

AbstractPlanar stress distribution of cucumber fruits was visualized for four cultivars. The planer stress distribution of a cross‐sectional sample was measured using a multiple‐point sheet sensor during uniaxial compression by an Instron universal testing machine. The concentric distribution pattern of stress gradients was the common characteristic for all cultivars. The correspondence between the tissue and its mechanical properties was estimated by comparing the stress distribution and a sample photograph. The stress property differed among different tissues within the cross‐section. The center of the cross‐sectional slice, where the seed cavity occupies formed the lower stress region, the surrounded area, where the flesh locates showed the middle‐range stress, and the exterior skin exhibited the highest stress. The wider distribution of the lower stress was statistically significant for two cultivars. This visualization method provided qualitative information about the geometrical and mechanical distribution of the cucumber and allowed the breed specificity of the cucumber cultivar to be characterized. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
Pesticide residues in field‐sprayed and processed fruits and vegetables
Authors: Chavarri María Jesús , Herrera Antonio , Ariño Agustin 
Published: May 2004

AbstractThis study was initiated to determine what residues of six insecticides (organochlorine, organophosphorus and pyrethroids) and four dithiocarbamate fungicides remained on raw agricultural commodities after harvest and to study the effect of the subsequent commercial processing on the residues. Sprayed crops of tomatoes, red peppers, asparagus, spinach, artichokes and peaches harvested after controlled field trials contained residues well below the maximum residue levels, except for lindane in tomatoes and acephate in artichoke. Commercial processing procedures led to large reductions in residue levels in the finished products. Washing removed all residual lindane, chlorpyrifos and cypermethrin from tomatoes. Chlorpyrifos residues were reduced by 67% during wood‐fire roasting of peppers, and subsequent peeling removed all the remains. Peeling and blanching of asparagus reduced chlorpyrifos concentrations to undetectable levels. Processing of artichokes eliminated acephate and chlorpyrifos after blanching. Acephate in peaches survived successive processing steps until the final heat process that destroyed remaining residues. The net results can contribute to assure the consumer of a safe wholesome food supply. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
Charge‐transfer exciton trapping at vacancies in molecular crystals: photoconductivity quenching, optical damage and detonation
Authors: Munn R.W. , Tsiaousis D. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractCalculations are presented that show that vacancies can trap charge‐transfer (CT) states in anthracene, acetanilide and hexahydro‐1,3,5‐trinintro‐1,3,5‐triazine (RDX). Such trapping provides a mechanism for photoconductivity quenching by geminate recombination, and for optical damage and detonation by concentrating optical or mechanical energy stored in CT states.
Optical grating recording in highly organized thin films of Disperse Red 1
Authors: Miniewicz A. , Solyga M. , Taunaumang H. , Tija M.O. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractOptical grating recording with submicrometer spatial resolution, which can handle grey‐level patterns, has been investigated in photochromic material made of Disperse Red 1 (DR1) molecules vacuum‐deposited on a glass substrate. Holographic gratings of periods Λ within the range of 0.6 μm ‐ 12 μm were recorded by 514.5 nm light from cw Ar+ laser using a degenerate two‐wave mixing technique. Despite the very small DR1 layer thickness (∼ 0.1 μm), the diffraction efficiency measured in a Raman‐Nath scattering regime reached 2 %. The obtained amplitude gratings were analysed with an optical microscope and Fourier transforms. Grating profiles were analysed in relation to exposure conditions and in correlation with molecular organisation. Polarising microscopy studies revealed the presence of light‐induced optical anisotropy. Following that, we have checked the possibility of polarisation‐sensitive recording in this medium.
Stable coaxial waveguide‐port algorithm for the time‐domain finite‐element method
Authors: Rylander Thomas , Jin Jian‐Ming 
Published: May 2004

AbstractA new coaxial waveguide‐port algorithm is developed and tested for the time‐domain finite‐element method. The electric field is modeled by edge elements and, for part of a coaxial cable or a similar transmission line, the full Maxwell's equations are reduced to the one‐dimensional transmission‐line equation through the use of macro elements, which represent the dominant waveguide mode. The port algorithm converges quadratically with the cell size for geometries with smooth boundaries, which is demonstrated by tests on a coaxial cable with a short‐circuit termination. The port algorithm is proven to be stable up to the Courant limit of the explicit scheme used for the transmission‐line equation, without any added artificial dissipation. The proposed port algorithm preserves, by construction, the reciprocity of Maxwell's equations. For a 2 × 2‐array of patch antennas, computation of the coupling of the antenna elements demonstrates that the scattering matrix is symmetric or, equivalently, that the proposed algorithm preserves reciprocity. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 42: 115–119, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20225
Prevalence of lymphoreticular prion protein accumulation in UK tissue samples
Authors: Hilton David A , Ghani Azra C , Conyers Lisa , Edwards Philip , McCardle Linda , Ritchie Diane , Penney Mark , Hegazy Doha , Ironside James W 
Published: May 2004

AbstractThis study aims to provide an estimate of the number of individuals in the UK who may be incubating variant Creutzfeldt‐Jakob disease and at risk of causing iatrogenic spread of the disease. Lymphoreticular accumulation of prion protein is a consistent feature of variant Creutzfeldt‐Jakob at autopsy and has also been demonstrated in the pre‐clinical phase. Immunohistochemical accumulation of prion protein in the lymphoreticular system remains the only technique that has been shown to predict neurological disease reliably in animal prion disorders. In this study, immunohistochemistry was used to demonstrate the presence of prion protein, with monoclonal antibodies KG9 and 3F4, in surgically removed tonsillectomy and appendicectomy specimens. The samples were collected from histopathology departments across the UK and anonymised prior to testing. Samples were tested from 16 703 patients (14 964 appendectomies, 1739 tonsillectomies), approximately 60% of whom were from the age group 20–29 years at operation. Twenty‐five per cent of the samples were excluded from the final analyses because they contained inadequate amounts of lymphoid tissue. Three appendicectomy samples showed lymphoreticular accumulation of prion protein, giving an estimated prevalence of 3/12 674 or 237 per million (95% CI 49–692 per million). The pattern of lymphoreticular accumulation in two of these samples was dissimilar from that seen in known cases of variant Creutzfeldt‐Jakob disease. Although it is uncertain whether immunohistochemical accumulation of prion protein in the lymphoreticular system is specific for variant Creutzfeldt‐Jakob disease, it has not been described in any other disease, including other forms of human prion disease or a range of inflammatory and infective conditions. These findings reinforce the importance of measures taken by the UK Department of Health to reduce the risk of spread of variant Creutzfeldt‐Jakob via blood products and surgical instruments, and of the urgency to proceed with large‐scale screening of fresh tonsil specimens for the presence of prion protein. Copyright © 2004 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prenatal diagnosis of a fetus harboring an intermediate load of the A3243G mtDNA mutation in a maternal carrier diagnosed with MELAS syndrome
Authors: Chou Yin‐Jou , Ou Chia‐Yu , Hsu Te‐Yao , Liou Chia‐Wei , Lee Cheng‐Feng , Tso Dan‐Ju , Wei Yau‐Huei 
Published: May 2004

AbstractWe prenatally diagnosed MELAS syndrome in a fetus whose mother and older brother had the MELAS‐specific A3243G mutation. The mutant mtDNA level of the amniotic fluid cells was not significantly different from that of the postnatal peripheral blood and hair follicle samples. The obstetrical course was uncomplicated except for transient exacerbation of the mother's diabetes, which required insulin control. At term, the infant was macrosomic, and the delivery was complicated by shoulder dystocia. MELAS syndrome in itself does not influence either the prenatal course of the mother or the fetal outcome. In contrast to the fulminating clinical course of this mother's first child, MELAS symptoms did not develop in her second child until age four, despite similar high tissue levels of mutant mtDNA. The phenotypic diversity in two offspring with similar higher levels of mutant mtDNA suggests that prenatal genetic diagnosis of cultured amniotic cells may yield results that are poor prognosticators of fetal outcome. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Contact stiffness of initially stressed neo‐Hookean solids
Authors: Yang Fuqian 
Published: May 2004

AbstractThis work, using the solution given by Dhaliwal and Singh, presents analytical expressions of the incremental stress and displacement fields for the axisymmetrical indentation of initially stressed, incompressible neo‐Hookean solids. A simple relation for the contact stiffness, contact area, elastic constants, and finite stretch can be obtained for the indentation by any rigid axisymmetric indenter, which can be described as a smooth function. The contact stiffness increases with the initial finite stretching; the finite stretching makes materials harder to deform. The results provide a basis for evaluating the effects of residual stresses on the nanoindentation of materials from the viewpoint of finite deformation. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 42: 2513–2521, 2004
On the number of full levels in tries
Authors: Knessl Charles , Szpankowski Wojciech 
Published: May 2004

AbstractWe study the asymptotic distribution of the fill‐up level in a binary trie built over n independent strings generated by a biased memoryless source. The fill‐up level is the number of full levels in a tree. A level is full if it contains the maximum allowable number of nodes (e.g., in a binary tree level k can have up to 2k nodes). The fill‐up level finds many interesting applications, e.g., in the internet IP lookup problem and in the analysis of level compressed tries (LC tries). In this paper, we present a complete asymptotic characterization of the fill‐up distribution. In particular, we prove that this distribution concentrates on one or two points around the most probably value k = ⌊log1/qn − log log log n + 1 + log log(p/q)⌋, where p > q = 1 − p is the probability of generating the more likely symbol (while q = 1 − p is the probability of the less likely symbol). We derive our results by analytic methods such as generating functions, Mellin transform, the saddle point method, and analytic depoissonization. We also present some numerical verification of our results. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 2004