bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An observational pilot evaluation of the Walk with Ease program for reducing fall risk among older adults
Authors: Lamoureux Nicholas R. , Lansing Jeni , Welk Gregory J. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundPhysical activity is an effective method of reducing fall risk among older adults. Previous evaluations of the six-week Walk with Ease (WWE) program have documented benefits to functional outcomes, but the potential effects on reducing fall risk have not been evaluated. This pilot study evaluates outcomes of a community delivered WWE program for potential suitability as a fall risk reduction program.MethodsA total of 59 older adults (age > 60) enrolled in a group version of WWE delivered by trained community-based leaders. Complete data (pre- and post-program) from functional fitness tests and behavioral instruments were obtained from 41 participants (aged 74.4 ± 6.6 years, 70% female). Functional outcomes included the 10-foot timed up and go (TUG), 30-second chair stand (CST) and 4-stage balance test (BT) included as part of STEADI, as well as a two-minute step test (ST) and normal gait speed test (GST). Survey assessments included STEADI fall risk screening, self-reported physical activity, and fear of falling measures. Analyses focused on reporting pre-post effect sizes, but paired t-tests were used to test statistical significance of differences.ResultsImprovements in functional performance approached significance for both CST (d = 0.31, p = 0.06) and ST (d = 0.26, p = 0.12), but all other tests were nonsignificant. Survey results demonstrated significant increases in self-reported walking (d = 0.54, p = 0.02) and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA; d = 0.56, p = 0.004), but perceived fear of falling and overall fall risk scores had smaller, non-significant, effects (d ranging from 0.01 to 0.31). Stratified analysis suggested that participants screened at an elevated risk for falls at baseline consistently had larger effects on all functional and survey assessments, though the analysis was underpowered to test significance.ConclusionsWalk with Ease participation significantly increased self-reported physical activity but did not significantly improve physical function or reduce fall risk. However, consistently larger effect sizes among participants screened as at-risk for falls suggest that the program may be beneficial for those with elevated risk for falls or functional limitations. Further research is needed to document the consistency of these effects among participants with elevated fall risk status.
Identifying individualized prognostic signature and unraveling the molecular mechanism of recurrence in early-onset colorectal cancer
Authors: Yang Jia , Zhao Yuting , Yuan Rongqiang , Wang Yongtong , Wang Shiyi , Chang Zhiqiang , Zhao Wenyuan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
The incidence and mortality of early-onset colorectal cancer (EOCRC; < 50 years old) is increasing worldwide, with a high recurrence rate. The inherent heterogeneity of EOCRC makes its treatment challenging. Hence, to further understand the biology and reveal the molecular mechanisms of EOCRC, a recurrence risk signature is needed to guide clinical management.

Methods
Based on the relative expression orderings (REOs) of genes in each sample, a prognostic signature was developed and validated utilizing multiple independent datasets. The underlying molecular mechanisms between distinct prognostic groups were explored via integrative analysis of multi-omics data.

Results
The prognostic signature consisting of 6 gene pairs (6-GPS) could predict the recurrence risk for EOCRC at the individual level. High-risk EOCRC classified by 6-GPS showed a poor prognosis but a good response to adjuvant chemotherapy. Moreover, high-risk EOCRC was characterized by epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and enriched angiogenesis, and had higher mutation burden, immune cell infiltration, and PD-1/PD-L1 expression. Furthermore, we identified four genes associated with relapse-free survival in EOCRC, including SERPINE1, PECAM1, CDH1, and ANXA1. They were consistently differentially expressed at the transcriptome and proteome levels between high-risk and low-risk EOCRCs. They were also involved in regulating cancer progression and immune microenvironment in EOCRC. Notably, the expression of SERPINE1 and ANXA1 positively correlated with M2-like macrophage infiltration.

Conclusion
Our results indicate that 6-GPS can robustly predict the recurrence risk of EOCRC, and that SERPINE1, PECAM1, CDH1, and ANXA1 may serve as potential therapeutic targets. This study provides valuable information for the precision treatment of EOCRC.
Exploring the dynamics of mobile app addiction: the interplay of communication, affective factors, flow, perceived enjoyment, and habit
Authors: Jo Hyeon , Baek Eun-Mi 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe rapid proliferation of mobile apps and their increasing usage have led to growing concerns about potential addiction among users. Previous research has identified several factors that contribute to addiction, including flow, perceived enjoyment, and habit. However, the underlying mechanisms and the role of affective factors remain unclear. This study aims to elucidate the key factors that affect mobile app addiction by proposing a theoretical framework incorporating communication, affective factors, flow, perceived enjoyment, and habit. Data were collected from 320 mobile app users through a questionnaire survey. The research employed partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) to analyze the data and test the proposed relationships. The analysis indicates that communication is significantly associated with perceived enjoyment but does not directly affect flow and habit. The research unveils that positive affect significantly influences both flow and perceived enjoyment, but does not influence habit. Negative affect was found to have no significant effect on flow, perceived enjoyment, and habit. The results demonstrate that flow, perceived enjoyment, and habit are significantly related to addiction. The findings reveal that perceived enjoyment has a substantial impact on both flow and habit. These findings offer valuable guidelines for future research and practical implications for developers and policymakers in addressing the challenges associated with mobile app addiction.
Copeptin: a novel prognostic biomarker in trauma: a review article
Authors: Sarkarinejad Artin , Paydar Shahram , Khosrojerdi Arezou , Hosseini Maryam 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Trauma has a significant impact on the overall health of individuals worldwide, being a leading cause of morbidity and mortality with long-lasting effects. The identification of suitable biomarkers is crucial to predict patient outcomes, providing information about the severity of a condition or the probability of a specific outcome. Hence, in this study, we addressed a new biomarker, copeptin, and discussed its prognostic roles in various trauma researches.

Main body
Copeptin is a peptide derived from the precursor of the hormone vasopressin, which is released in response to stress. Copeptin can serve as a valuable biomarker for determining the severity, prognosis, and outcome of trauma patients. Elevated levels of copeptin are associated with increased mortality and poor clinical outcomes in patients with severe injuries or bleeding. Implementing copeptin measurements in clinical practice can enable healthcare providers to more accurately gauge the degree of trauma and predict patient mortality and morbidity outcomes facilitating prompt interventions and personalized treatment.

Conclusion
The measurement of novel biomarker copeptin can serve as a prognostic molecule for further outcomes in trauma patients. Nevertheless, supplementary research is needed to fully comprehend its role in the development and progression of traumatic injuries.
Association between body mass index (BMI) and [123I]Ioflupane (DaTSCAN) availabilities in patients with parkinsonism using single-photon emission computed tomography–computed tomography (SPECT-CT)
Authors: Parekh Puja , Begley Patrick , Jessop Maryam , Aplin Mark , Missir Elena , McMeekin Helena , Raczek Gosia , Singh Nitasha , Dizdarevic Sabina 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Aim
[123I]Ioflupane (DaTSCAN) has a high binding affinity to the dopamine (DA) transporter (DaT) and tenfold less affinity to serotonin (5-HT) transporter (SERT). Both neurotransmitters are considered to contribute to body weight regulation. This study assesses the association between body mass index (BMI) and DaTSCAN availability in brain.

Method
Scans from 74 consecutive patients who had undergone DaTSCAN single-photon emission computed tomography–computed tomography (SPECT-CT) were used to obtain semi- and absolute quantitative data in several volumes of interest (VOIs). Relative semi-quantitative specific binding ratios (SBRs) from Chang attenuated SPECT were obtained from GE DaTQUANT. Absolute normalised concentration (NC) was calculated from attenuation/scatter corrected SPECT-CT images, using an adapted version of the EARL Ltd (European Association of Nuclear Medicine (EANM) Research 4 Life) template. Scans were subdivided into either degenerative parkinsonism (abnormal = 49), borderline (n = 14) or scan without evidence of dopaminergic deficit (SWEDD = 11) using visual assessment and SBR values by two nuclear medicine consultants.

Results
SBRs did not correlate with BMI. However, NC values correlated negatively in the entire cohort, with the strongest correlation in the frontal (r = − 0.649. p = 0.000), occipital (r = − 0.555, p = 0.000) regions and pons (r = − 0.555, p = 0.000). In the abnormal (n = 49) and SWEDD group (n = 11), NC of the frontal region was the most correlated with BMI (r = − 0.570, p = 0.000; r = − 0.813, p = 0.002, respectively). In the borderline group (n = 14), the left posterior putamen displayed the strongest correlation (r = − 0.765, p = 0.001).

Conclusion
Absolute NC values demonstrate a strong inverse correlation with BMI, strongest in the extrastriatal regions. Due to the predominately non-overlapping distribution of DaT and SERT, this study suggests greater involvement of SERT in obesity with possible interplay with DA transmission.
3D flow and fibre orientation modelling of compression moulding of A-SMC: simulations and experimental validation in squeeze flow
Authors: Alnersson Gustaf , Lejon Erik , Zrida Hana , Aitomäki Yvonne , Ljung Anna-Lena , Lundström T. Staffan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractSheet Moulding Compound (SMC) based composites have a large potential in industrial contexts due to the possibility of achieving comparatively short manufacturing times. It is however necessary to be able to numerically predict both mechanical properties as well as manufacturability of parts.In this paper a fully 3D, semi-empirical model based on fluid mechanics for the compression moulding of SMC is described and discussed, in which the fibres and the resin are modelled as a single, inseparable fluid with a viscosity that depends on volume fraction of fibres, shear strain rate and temperature. This model is applied to an advanced carbon-fibre SMC with a high fibre volume fraction (35%). Simulations are run on a model of a squeeze test rig, allowing comparison to experimental results from such a rig. The flow data generated by this model is then used as input for an Advani-Tucker type of model for the evolution of the fibre orientation during the pressing process. Numerical results are also obtained from the software 3DTimon. The resulting fibre orientation distributions are then compared to experimental results that are obtained from microscopy. The experimental measurement of the orientation tensors is performed using the Method of Ellipses. A new, automated, accurate and fast method for the ellipse fitting is developed using machine learning. For the studied case, comparison between the experimental results and numerical methods indicate that 3D Timon better captures the random orientation at the outer edges of the circular disc, while 3D CFD show larger agreement in terms of the out-of-plane component. One of the advantages of the new image technique is that less work is required to obtain microscope images with a quality good enough for the analysis.
Establishing the link between microbial communities in bovine liver abscesses and the gastrointestinal tract
Authors: Pinnell Lee J. , Young J. Daniel , Thompson Tyler W. , Wolfe Cory A. , Bryant Tony C. , Nair Mahesh N. , Richeson John T. , Morley Paul S. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Liver abscesses (LAs) are one of the most common and important problems faced by the beef industry. The most efficacious method for the prevention of LAs in North America is through dietary inclusion of low doses of antimicrobial drugs such as tylosin, but the mechanisms by which this treatment prevents LAs are not fully understood. LAs are believed to result from mucosal barrier dysfunction in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) allowing bacterial translocation to the liver via the portal vein, yet differences in the GIT microbiome of cattle with and without LAs have not been explored. Here, we characterized microbial communities from LAs, rumen, ileum, and colon from the same cattle for the first time.

Results
Results demonstrate that tylosin supplementation was associated with differences in microbial community structure in the rumen and small intestine, largely because of differences in the predominance of Clostridia. Importantly, we show for the first time that microbial communities from multiple LAs in one animal’s liver are highly similar, suggesting that abscesses found at different locations in the liver may originate from a localized source in the GIT (rather than disparate locations). A large portion of abscesses were dominated by microbial taxa that were most abundant in the hindgut. Further, we identified taxa throughout the GIT that were differentially abundant between animals with and without liver abscesses. Bifidobacterium spp.—a bacteria commonly associated with a healthy GIT in several species—were more abundant in the rumen and ileum of animals without LAs compared to those with LAs.

Conclusions
Together these results provide the first direct comparison of GIT and LA microbial communities within the same animal, add considerable evidence to the hypothesis that some LA microbial communities arise from the hindgut, and suggest that barrier dysfunction throughout the GIT may be the underlying cause of LA formation in cattle.
Urban built heritage protection and realistic dilemmas: the development process, protection system, and critical thinking of historic districts in Dalian
Authors: Zhang Hongchi , Wang Fenglin , Guo Fei , Cai Jun , Dong Jing 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn China, the northeastern region has preserved many valuable modern built heritage buildings, which are undergoing difficult exploratory protection during the industrial and urbanisation process. Taking Dalian city as a case study, this article retraces the history of Dalian’s opening up and colonial management from the perspective of urban planning and historic district protection and management systems. This article sorts out the influence of national and local institutional policies on Dalian’s urban construction and development to analyse the past evolution, current problems and internal causes of the renovation and protection of Dalian’s typical historic districts. This influence is mainly reflected in the lack of protection and damage done to unofficial heritage, the disconnection between historic districts and the surrounding environments and urban textures, and the Chinese-style transformation and economic decline of exotic areas. This paper calls for attention to and the rapid clarification of the built heritage list, the improvement of planning and protection systems and related supporting policies, and a focus on the protection of the authenticity of colonial heritage. This paper provides strategic guidance for improving the protection of historic districts in Dalian in Northeast China and hopes to serve as a reference for the protection of built heritage in other nonfamous historic and cultural cities.
Modelling of asymmetric channel plasmonic polariton waveguides
Authors: Imad Saja , Mansoor Riyadh , Ali Rasha , Hussain Fras 
Published: November 2023

AbstractChannel plasmonic polariton (CPP) waveguides are a promising technology for integrated photonics. They offer several advantages over other plasmonic waveguides and are well-suited for various applications. In this research, a new design of asymmetric double-trenched CPP waveguide is suggested and examined. This design consists of two silicon trenches etched into a silicon dioxide substrate layer; with a gold layer sandwiched in between. The trenches are asymmetric, with one trench being wider than the other. This asymmetry creates a spatially varying surface plasmon polariton (SPP) field, which can guide light along the waveguide. The polarization characteristics of this proposed design are analyzed over a specific wavelength range (0.7 $$-$$
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1.7 µm) to evaluate the mode confinement of the light within the structure. The design performance was optimized by changing the gold layer thickness and the dimensions of the lower trench. Different scenarios are examined to observe TE and TM-polarized modes’ behavior within the groove. A 1867.119 dB/µm suppression level at 0.92 µm wavelength is achieved which offers a small-size component for compact photonic logic gates, enabling the development of next-generation photonic devices.
A Research Note on Trends in the Stock and Flow of Child Support Agreements
Authors: Cancian Maria , Costanzo Molly A. , Meyer Daniel R. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this research note, we demonstrate that trends in the likelihood of child support agreements differ by marital history (i.e., never-married vs. ever-married) and by whether measures rely on the stock of families (i.e., all those in which children live apart from a parent) or the flow (i.e., those that include children who newly live apart from a parent) in a given year. While previous research has highlighted difference by marital history, the contrast between stock and flow is a new contribution. Trends are typically measured with reference to the stock of cases, even while the flow of cases, which more immediately reflects concurrent policy changes, is more relevant in many contexts. Interpretations of recent declines in child support agreements in the stock of cases—referenced as evidence for both mandating participation and the impracticality of requiring child support—may be better informed by considering the flow of cases. We find the flow of previously married mothers increasingly likely to have child support agreements while the likelihood is relatively consistent over time for never-married mothers. For both groups, using the flow measure, we find notable increases in agreements without payments due in the most recent period. These findings underscore the importance of differentiating stock and flow, and by marital history, in considering the proportion with agreements as an indicator of the effectiveness of current policy.
Tracking early mammalian organogenesis – prediction and validation of differentiation trajectories at whole organism scale
Authors: Imaz-Rosshandler Ivan , Rode Christina , Guibentif Carolina , Harland Luke T. G. , Ton Mai-Linh N. , Dhapola Parashar , Keitley Daniel , Argelaguet Ricard , Calero-Nieto Fernando J. , Nichols Jennifer , Marioni John C. , de Bruijn Marella F. T. R. , Göttgens Berthold 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT
Early organogenesis represents a key step in animal development, during which pluripotent cells diversify to initiate organ formation. Here, we sampled 300,000 single-cell transcriptomes from mouse embryos between E8.5 and E9.5 in 6-h intervals and combined this new dataset with our previous atlas (E6.5-E8.5) to produce a densely sampled timecourse of &gt;400,000 cells from early gastrulation to organogenesis. Computational lineage reconstruction identified complex waves of blood and endothelial development, including a new programme for somite-derived endothelium. We also dissected the E7.5 primitive streak into four adjacent regions, performed scRNA-seq and predicted cell fates computationally. Finally, we defined developmental state/fate relationships by combining orthotopic grafting, microscopic analysis and scRNA-seq to transcriptionally determine cell fates of grafted primitive streak regions after 24 h of in vitro embryo culture. Experimentally determined fate outcomes were in good agreement with computationally predicted fates, demonstrating how classical grafting experiments can be revisited to establish high-resolution cell state/fate relationships. Such interdisciplinary approaches will benefit future studies in developmental biology and guide the in vitro production of cells for organ regeneration and repair.
Mesenchyme governs hair follicle induction
Authors: Mäkelä Otto J. M. , Mikkola Marja L. 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT
Tissue interactions are essential for guiding organ development and regeneration. Hair follicle formation relies on inductive signalling between two tissues, the embryonic surface epithelium and the adjacent mesenchyme. Although previous research has highlighted the hair-inducing potential of the mesenchymal component of the hair follicle – the dermal papilla and its precursor, the dermal condensate – the source and nature of the primary inductive signal before dermal condensate formation have remained elusive. Here, we performed epithelial-mesenchymal tissue recombination experiments using hair-forming back skin and glabrous plantar skin from mouse embryos to unveil that the back skin mesenchyme is inductive even before dermal condensate formation. Moreover, the naïve, unpatterned mesenchyme was sufficient to trigger hair follicle formation even in the oral epithelium. Building on previous knowledge, we explored the hair-inductive ability of the Wnt agonist R-spondin 1 and a Bmp receptor inhibitor in embryonic skin explants. Although R-spondin 1 instigated precocious placode-specific transcriptional responses, it was insufficient for hair follicle induction, either alone or in combination with Bmp receptor inhibition. Our findings pave the way for identifying the hair follicle-inducing cue.
Identification of distinct active pools of yeast serine palmitoyltransferase in sub-compartments of the ER
Authors: Esch Bianca M. , Walter Stefan , Schmidt Oliver , Fröhlich Florian 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT
Sphingolipids (SPs) are one of the three major lipid classes in eukaryotic cells and serve as structural components of the plasma membrane. The rate-limiting step in SP biosynthesis is catalyzed by the serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT). In budding yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), SPT is negatively regulated by the two proteins, Orm1 and Orm2. Regulating SPT activity enables cells to adapt SP metabolism to changing environmental conditions. Therefore, the Orm proteins are phosphorylated by two signaling pathways originating from either the plasma membrane or the lysosome (or vacuole in yeast). Moreover, uptake of exogenous serine is necessary for the regulation of SP biosynthesis, which suggests the existence of differentially regulated SPT pools based on their intracellular localization. However, measuring lipid metabolic enzyme activity in different cellular sub-compartments has been challenging. Combining a nanobody recruitment approach with SP flux analysis, we show that the nuclear endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-localized SPT and the peripheral ER localized SPT pools are differentially active. Thus, our data add another layer to the complex network of SPT regulation. Moreover, combining lipid metabolic enzyme re-localization with flux analysis serves as versatile tool to measure lipid metabolism with subcellular resolution.