bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improved Bipolar Properties of Ester‐Functionalized Discotic Diimine–Dithiolene Complexes
Authors: Camerel Franck , Jeannin Olivier , Lagrost Corinne 
Published: October 2023

AbstractA series of platinum diimine‐dithiolene complexes with a 5,6‐dihydro‐1,4‐dithiin‐2,3‐dithiolato (dddt2−) dithiolene ligand and a bipyridine carrying tris‐alkoxyphenyl fragments connected through an ester linker (bpyCn, n=8, 12, 16, 10(s), 20) (Scheme 1) has been developed. The mesomorphic properties of the ligands and of the platinum complexes have been investigated by a combination of DSC, POM and SAXS analyses. The platinum complexes were found to self‐organize into columnar mesophases of hexagonal symmetry over large temperature range including room temperature. Their electronic properties were also characterized by a combination of electrochemistry, absorption and emission spectroscopy measurements and TD‐DFT calculations. Besides being liquid crystalline, these compounds can undergo two oxidation processes and two reduction processes in a fully reversible manner, allowing the isolation of stable dicationic and dianionic species. Such a behavior is highly promising for the development of ambipolar semiconducting soft materials.
Impaired implicit learning in adults with anorexia nervosa
Authors: Wiener Markus , Bengesser Susanne A. , Wagner‐Skacel Jolana , Haidacher Fiona N. A. , Lahousen‐Luxenberger Theresa , Wenninger Julian , Hasiba‐Seebacher Karin , Fellendorf Frederike T. , Painold Annamaria , Kreuzer Kathrin , Butler Mary , Lackner Sonja , Pilz René , Mörkl Sabrina 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjectiveCognitive alterations play an important role in the pathophysiology and treatment of anorexia nervosa (AN). Previous studies suggest that some implicit learning processes may be inhibited in AN. However, this has not yet been fully explored. The purpose of this study is to analyze implicit learning in patients with AN in comparison to healthy controls.MethodsIn this pilot‐study, a total of 21 patients diagnosed with AN and 21 matched controls were administered the weather prediction task (WPT), a probabilistic implicit category learning task that consists of two sub‐variants. During the feedback (FB) version of the task, participants learn associations between tarot cards and weather outcomes via an operant learning model through which they receive immediate FB on their answers, whereas during the paired associate (PA) variant, participants are directly asked to memorize given associations.ResultsAN patients showed selective impairment on the FB task where they scored significantly lower both in comparison to controls (p = .001) who completed the same task and when compared to their own performance on the PA variant (p = .006). Clinical measures showed no significant correlations with test scores.DiscussionOur results demonstrate implicit FB learning deficiencies in adult patients with AN. These impairments may have an impact on the effect of psychotherapeutic interventions and could partially explain the lack of treatment response in AN. Further studies are necessary to derive when and through which mechanisms these alterations originate, and to what extent they should be considered during treatment of the disorder.Public SignificanceCognitive impairments pose a challenge in the management of anorexia nervosa. Improved comprehension of cognitive alterations could lead to a greater understanding of the disease and adaptation of psychotherapeutic treatments. In this study, we found that implicit feedback learning in anorexia nervosa is impaired compared to healthy controls. This could indicate the necessity of treatment adaptations in the form of therapy tools without feedback and a larger focus on psychoeducation.
The Solvent‐free Lithium Alanate {Li[t‐Bu2AlH2]}n: A New Product Obtained from a Long‐Known Reaction
Authors: Krämer Felix , Leskov Maxim , Breher Frank 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWe report the isolation and characterization of an unknown reaction product from the reaction of AlBr3 with three equivalents of t‐BuLi. The polymeric and solvent‐free lithium alanate {Li[t‐Bu2AlH2]}n was characterized by X‐ray structure analysis, NMR and IR spectroscopy. The title compound was found to be a suitable starting material for the synthesis of [t‐Bu2AlH]3 by reacting it with readily available [t‐Bu2AlBr]2.
Comparison of reactive sites of different conjugated linoleic acid molecules by quantum chemical calculations
Authors: Wang Minghao , Wang Donghua , Wang Ning , Wang Liqi , Wang Tong , Yu Dianyu 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn this paper, quantum chemical calculations and Gaussian 09 software were used to investigate the similarities and differences in the reactive sites of different fatty acids. The molecule structures of linoleic acid (LA) and four conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) were analyzed at the level of density functional theory. Molecular geometries and energies, frontline molecular orbitals, and surface electrostatic potentials were also analyzed. The results showed that the reactive of LA and CLA among the five fatty acids were all near the –C = C– structure and the carboxyl hydrogen atom, 9c, 11t CLA and 10t, 12c CLA were more reactive compared with 9t, 11t CLA, 10t, 12t CLA. This study can provide a theoretical basis for revealing the relationship between different structures and properties of fatty acids and also provide a guidance for the selection of fatty acids in the oil and fat industry.Practical Applications: This experiment compares the differences between the reactive sites of CLA and the four CLAs at the molecular structure level, which can be used to deepen the understanding of the structure‐property relationship of different fatty acids and also provides a theoretical basis for the selection of fatty acids in the food and oil industry.
Synthesis of Alkaloids and Compounds Containing the 3,4‐Benzomorphan Scaffold
Authors: Rodríguez Laura G. , Bonjoch Josep , Bradshaw Ben 
Published: October 2023

AbstractSeveral natural products, bearing an embedded hexahydro‐2,6‐methano‐1‐benzazocine framework (3,4‐benzomorphan) – a heterocyclic regioisomer of the 6,7‐benzomorphan substructure found in morphine alkaloids, have therapeutic potential for a variety of diseases. Biogenesis, biosynthetic approaches, and total syntheses of alkaloids or synthetic azapolycyclic compounds featuring the aforementioned azatricyclic ring system (i. e., a 3,4‐benzomorphan scaffold) are reviewed.
The origins and early development of the ILAE/IBE/WHO global campaign against epilepsy: Out of the shadows
Authors: Reynolds Edward H. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE)/International Bureau for Epilepsy (IBE)/World Health Organization (WHO) Global Campaign Against Epilepsy was launched in Geneva and Dublin in the summer of 1997. The second phase of the Campaign was launched by a major event in Geneva, led by WHO Director General Dr. Gro Harlem Brundtland in February 2001. Since then, the Campaign has been gathering momentum around the world culminating in the WHO General Assembly Resolution (WHA 68.20) on Epilepsy in May 2015 supported by 194 countries. Recently, the World Federation of Neurology and other neurological non‐governmental organizations (NGOs) have joined forces with the Epilepsy Campaign, leading to the WHO General Assembly Resolution (WHA 73.10) in May 2022 promoting a 10‐year Intersectoral Global Action Plan (IGAP) for Epilepsy and Other Neurological Disorders. I was privileged to serve as the first Chairperson of the Global Campaign Against Epilepsy and this year all my documents and correspondence relating to the Campaign have been delivered to the Wellcome Collection in London. These are the basis for this detailed account of the origins and early development of the Campaign. I describe the events leading to the birth of the concept, planning for the Campaign, the launch, development, and the achievements of phase one. This first phase focused on awareness raising, education, and involvement, especially within WHO, ILAE, and IBE, including a series of five Regional Public Health meetings and Declarations on Epilepsy. In 1999, the WHO raised the status of the Campaign to the highest level, the first ever for a Non‐Communicable Disease, resulting in the high profile launch of phase two in 2001, paving the way to the continuing global momentum and achievements, including the 2015 and 2022 WHO Resolutions.
Nonlinear earthquake response of integral abutment bridges on vertical and batter piles: A practical approach
Authors: Cemalovic Miran , Husebø Jan B. , Kaynia Amir M. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis paper presents a new finite element framework for seismic analysis of IABs (and other similar structures) on vertical and batter piles that takes into account nonlinear soil‐structure interaction. A previously developed macro‐element and linear impedance matrix are implemented in a time and modal domain solution, respectively. Detailed pseudo‐codes describing the implementation strategy for the macro‐element are provided. The solutions are validated using rigorous numerical models constructed in OpenSees MP. The software is further demonstrated by performing an extensive set of incremental dynamic analyses, where the effect of linear and nonlinear SSI, batter angle, pile spacing and asymmetric configuration is addressed and discussed.
Various disturbances propagation analysis of district heating system based on the standardized thermal resistance method
Authors: Chen Zhuoxian , Wang Xingce , Hao Junhong , Fang Wanggang , Du Xiaoze , Hong Feng 
Published: October 2023

AbstractVarious heating disturbances and faults in the heating network are necessary to be controlled and handled by some intelligent heating strategies with the increasing complexity of the heating network. This paper constructed the dynamic modeling of the heating system using standard thermal resistance and obtained a dynamic heat current model of the heating system. On this basis, we analyzed the heat transfer performance of the heating system. Five disturbances are selected, including the behavior of users, indoor heat source, heat exchanger heat transfer performance deterioration, pipe blockage, and pipe leakage. The effects of different disturbances on the overall system and user side water supply temperature were obtained by establishing a dynamic model for segmented heating pipelines. Feasible control methods for the heating network and load side are sorted out, mainly changing the water supply's temperature and the water supply's flow rate to reduce the water supply's fluctuation. Five specific control strategies are proposed for five types of disturbances. Comparing the case without control and the case with control, the results show that the fluctuation of water supply temperature is significantly reduced, and the control strategies can reduce the impact of disturbances on the heat network system and customers and improve the comfort of customers in the presence of disturbances. under the disturbance of pipeline leakage, the method proposed in this article reduces the temperature fluctuation amplitude by 75% and the fluctuation duration by 60%.
Efficient solid waste inspection through drone‐based aerial imagery and TinyML vision model
Authors: Malche Timothy , Maheshwary Priti , Tiwari Pradeep Kumar , Alkhayyat Ahmed Hussein , Bansal Abhinav , Kumar Raghvendra 
Published: October 2023

AbstractSolid waste management is a significant challenge in the development of smart cities. Existing approaches for solid waste monitoring are often time‐consuming and resource intensive. Therefore, this study proposes a novel approach to solid waste monitoring that utilizes drone technology. The proposed method enables the efficient identification and classification of waste objects in the garbage discovered by the drone. This system can inspect every part of a smart city from a remote location, allowing for the timely and effective management of solid waste. Thus, the proposed system can be easily integrated in the existing waste management system for smart city. The drone‐based solid waste monitoring system comprises a drone equipped with a computer vision model for resource‐constrained devices and a software application that operates the drone and analyzes the captured image or video. The system utilizes the Internet of Things (IoT) to upload the collected data to the cloud, making it easily accessible whenever necessary. The proposed drone‐based solid waste monitoring system is a promising solution for the efficient and cost‐effective management of solid waste in smart cities. The system's innovative use of drone technology and IoT provides a scalable and adaptable solution that can be customized to meet the needs of any city.
Probiotics as a complementary treatment in systemic lupus erythematosus: A systematic review
Authors: Mirfeizi Zahra , Mahmoudi Mahmoud , Faridzadeh Arezoo 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIntroductionSystemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease that primarily affects young women. SLE has no recognized etiology but it is believed to be triggered by a number of factors, including genetic predisposition, hormonal influences, and environmental conditions. Dysbiosis in the gut microbiota has emerged as a potential mechanism connecting the intestinal microbiome to the breakdown of self‐tolerance and chronic inflammation. This review aims to investigate the role of probiotics in modulating the gut microbiome and their potential therapeutic benefits in managing SLE, providing insights for future research and clinical practice.MethodsWe conducted a thorough search for papers published up to June 2023 in databases such as PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane Library.ResultsThe systematic review identified 22 articles examining the effects of probiotics on SLE. These studies—which include in vivo tests, in vitro research, and clinical trials—indicate that probiotics may be effective against inflammation, and improve immunological responses and metabolic profiles in SLE patients. Most in vivo studies were assessed as medium to high quality, while the randomized controlled trial was deemed of high quality.ConclusionAccording to the findings of our systematic review, probiotics may be used in conjunction with other treatments to manage SLE. Nonetheless, current data is limited, and more randomized controlled trials would be required to fully examine their effectiveness.
Use of In Vitro and In Vivo Data in the Design, Development, and Quality Control of Sustained‐Release Decongestant Dosage Forms
Authors: Brock Michael H. , Dansereau Richard J. , Patel Vikram S. 
Published: October 2023

Study Objectives. To investigate the use of in vitro and in vivo data in the development of a sustained‐release, carbomer‐based dosage form (Entex LA tablets); and to compare the in vitro dissolution of pseudoephedrine from a sustained‐release, hydroxypropylcellulose‐based dosage form (Entex PSE tablets) and four branded competitors with different sustained‐release matrixes.Design. Entex LA: In vitro testing by rotating bottle method and in vivo testing as double‐blind, randomized, crossover, 24‐hour study. Entex PSE and four competitors: in vitro testing by paddle method.Setting. A pharmaceutical research and development facility.Patients. Fifteen healthy, adult, volunteer Caucasian men between ages 18 and 40 years.Main Results. Three formulations of Entex LA, varying in carbomer content by 3–5%, were studied. As carbomer content increased, in vitro dissolution rate directionally decreased. Plasma concentrations of active ingredients guaifenesin and phenylpropanolamine were also slightly although directionally decreased. The in vitro method was sensitive to small changes in carbomer content. Larger changes in carbomer content would be required to establish an in vitro‐in vivo correlation. The in vitro comparison of Entex PSE and four similar branded products showed important differences in dissolution profiles. The mean cumulative release of pseudoephedrine from Entex PSE was 39% at 1.5 hours, 62% at 4.0 hours, and 80% at 8.0 hours. The other products released pseudoephedrine more rapidly, with the two fastest‐dissolving products releasing 61–62% in the first 1.5 hours.Conclusions. Sustained‐release, polymer‐based dosage forms such as Entex LA and Entex PSE can be complex and pose special challenges in design, development, and reformulation. For Entex LA, changes in polymer concentration and dye system influenced the in vitro (dissolution) performance. In vivo (plasma) data helped establish a defined range in which carbomer concentration could be varied to achieve the best manufacturing performance without affecting product performance. For Entex PSE and four branded competitor products, the cumulative in vitro release (dissolution) of pseudoephedrine varied widely. Release from Entex PSE was more consistent and more gradual than that from some of the comparison products. Because the absorption rate of the active ingredients pseudoephedrine and guaifenesin is governed by the dissolution rate, the observed differences suggest that the products tested may differ in biologic performance. Although in vitro dissolution data may not necessarily correlate with in vivo differences in clinical safety or efficacy, the potential for unexpected product performance may be signaled by inconsistent in vitro dissolution characteristics, especially for sustained‐release dosage forms.
The Pathophysiology of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
Authors: McCONNELL JOHN D. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAlthough benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is one of the most common disease processes affecting the aging male, surprisingly little is known about its pathophysiology. Cause‐and‐effect relationships have not been established, despite intense research efforts in the last four or five decades aimed at elucidating the underlying etiology of prostatic growth in older men. Previously held notions that the clinical symptoms of BPH (prostatism) are due simply to a mass‐related increase in urethral resistance are too simplistic. It is now clear that a significant portion of the symptoms are due to obstruction‐induced detrusor dysfunction. Moreover, obstruction may induce a variety of neural alterations in the bladder and prostate that contribute to symptomatology. Undoubtedly, the constellation of cellular pathologies that give rise to the symptoms of BPH will be far more complex than we currently realize. Only by unraveling these complexities, however, will we be able successfully to design alternative strategies to treat, and possibly prevent BPH.
Response of Prostate Volume, Prostate‐Specific Antigen, and Testosterone to Flutamide in Men with Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
Authors: STONE NELSON N. , CLEJAN SANDA J. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPatients diagnosed as having benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) had determination of prostate volume (PV), prostate‐specific antigen (PSA), and serum testosterone before consideration for entry into a double‐blind, randomized trial of flutamide (750 mg/day for 6 months). The mean PSA level for these patients (N = 43) was 7.6 ng/ml (range: 1.0 to 45.7), and the mean PV was 76.8 cm3 (range: 24 to 198). Linear regression analysis demonstrated a strong correlation between the two (r = 0.876, P < 0.05). Every 10 cm3 of prostate volume accounted for 1.02 ng/ml of PSA in the serum. Twenty‐two patients (11 treated with flutamide, 11 with a placebo) agreed to enter the study. Prostate volume decreased by 35% and PSA by 65% (P < 0.001) within 6 months. These changes occurred despite a 58.3% increase in serum testosterone levels (P < 0.01). Patients treated with a placebo experienced no significant changes. Side effects were minimal, and flutamide was well tolerated. These data suggest that androgen deprivation therapy with flutamide may be an effective and safe treatment for BPH.
Rationale for Using Aromatase Inhibitors to Manage Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Experimental Studies
Authors: HABENICHT URSULA‐F. , ETREBY M. FATHY EL 
Published: October 2023

AbstractToday, human benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is considered primarily to be a disease of the stroma, in which estrogens are thought to play a considerable causative or permissive role. The growing incidence of BPH with increasing age coincides with a shift in the androgen:estrogen ratio in favor of estrogens, not only in terms of serum hormone values, but also in the prostate itself. Furthermore, evidence has been provided for a preferential accumulation of estrogens in the stroma of human hyperplastic tissue, and the presence of an estrogen receptor satisfying the classical criteria of high affinity and low capacity has been demonstrated. Also, animal studies have emphasized the potential role of estrogens in the pathogenesis of BPH. Experimentally, stimulation of the stroma, particularly of smooth muscle, can be induced by aromatizable substrates, such as androstenedione, in the prostates of beagles and cynomolgus monkeys. These effects can be antagonized by aromatase inhibitors, such as atamestane. In addition, the increase in intraprostatic estrogen concentrations and immunohistochemically detectable estrogen receptor content induced by androstenedione in intact dogs is completely reversed by simultaneous treatment with atamestane. In conclusion, clinical data, as well as that from animal models, emphasize an important role for estrogens in the development of BPH. Estrogen deprivation might, therefore, represent a useful treatment for human BPH.
A Permanent, Epithelializing Stent for the Treatment of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Preliminary Results
Authors: OESTERLING JOSEPH E. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractCurrently, there is much enthusiasm in the urologic community for the development of alternative treatments to transurethral prostatectomy for management of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). At the Mayo Clinic, the role of a permanently implanted intraurethral stent (UroLume Wallstent) is being examined. It is a biocompatible prosthesis made from a “super” alloy that is woven into a tubular mesh. It is both flexible and self‐expanding with no elastic recoil; when fully expanded, it has a large internal diameter of 42 Fr (1.4 cm). Twelve patients (mean age = 67 years; range = 62 to 77 years) with obstructive BPH have been treated with this stent. After 3 months, the decrease in the total symptom score was 65% (mean preoperative score, 13.9 ± 5.2; mean postoperative score, 4.8 ± 3.7, P < 0.001), whereas the increase in peak urinary flow rate was 99% (mean preoperative value, 10.1 ± 3.3 ml/second; mean postoperative value, 20.1 ± 6.2 ml/second; P < 0.001). The postvoid residual urine volume decreased by 76% (mean preoperative value, 133 ± 68 ml; mean postoperative value, 32 ± 38 ml, P < 0.001). There has been no difficulty with infection, encrustation, stent erosion, stent migration, incontinence, or potency. Eight patients (67%), however, did have irritative voiding symptoms after stent placement. These untoward effects subsided markedly during the follow‐up period. No patient has required either pain or antispasmodic medications, and as of this time, it has not been necessary to remove any stent because of side effects. These results suggest that the intraurethral stent may be a viable treatment option for patients with BPH. Additional studies with more patients and long‐term follow‐up are warranted.