bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fractal photonic anomalous Floquet topological insulators to generate multiple quantum chiral edge states
Authors: Li Meng , Li Chu , Yan Linyu , Li Qiang , Gong Qihuang , Li Yan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAnomalous Floquet topological insulators with vanishing Chern numbers but supporting chiral edge modes are attracting more and more attention. Since the existing anomalous Floquet topological insulators usually support only one kind of chiral edge mode even at a large lattice size, they are unscalable and unapplicable for multistate topological quantum systems. Recently, fractal topological insulators with self-similarity have been explored to support more nontrivial modes. Here, we demonstrate the first experimental realization of fractal photonic anomalous Floquet topological insulators based on dual Sierpinski carpet consisting of directional couplers using the femtosecond laser direct writing. The fabricated lattices support much more kinds of chiral edge states with fewer waveguides and enable perfect hopping of quantum states with near unit transfer efficiency. Instead of zero-dimensional bound modes for quantum state transport in previous laser direct-written topological insulators, we generate multiple propagating single-photon chiral edge states in the fractal lattice and observe high-visibility quantum interferences. These suggest the successful realization of highly indistinguishable single-photon chiral edge states, which can be applied in various quantum operations. This work provides the potential for enhancing the multi-fold manipulation of quantum states, enlarging the encodable quantum information capacity in a single lattice via high-dimensional encoding and many other fractal applications.
Experimental realisation of multi-qubit gates using electron paramagnetic resonance
Authors: Little Edmund J. , Mrozek Jacob , Rogers Ciarán J. , Liu Junjie , McInnes Eric J. L. , Bowen Alice M. , Ardavan Arzhang , Winpenny Richard E. P. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractQuantum information processing promises to revolutionise computing; quantum algorithms have been discovered that address common tasks significantly more efficiently than their classical counterparts. For a physical system to be a viable quantum computer it must be possible to initialise its quantum state, to realise a set of universal quantum logic gates, including at least one multi-qubit gate, and to make measurements of qubit states. Molecular Electron Spin Qubits (MESQs) have been proposed to fulfil these criteria, as their bottom-up synthesis should facilitate tuning properties as desired and the reproducible production of multi-MESQ structures. Here we explore how to perform a two-qubit entangling gate on a multi-MESQ system, and how to readout the state via quantum state tomography. We propose methods of accomplishing both procedures using multifrequency pulse Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) and apply them to a model MESQ structure consisting of two nitroxide spin centres. Our results confirm the methodological principles and shed light on the experimental hurdles which must be overcome to realise a demonstration of controlled entanglement on this system.
A neurodegeneration checkpoint mediated by REST protects against the onset of Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Aron Liviu , Qiu Chenxi , Ngian Zhen Kai , Liang Marianna , Drake Derek , Choi Jaejoon , Fernandez Marty A. , Roche Perle , Bunting Emma L. , Lacey Ella K. , Hamplova Sara E. , Yuan Monlan , Wolfe Michael S. , Bennett David A. , Lee Eunjung A. , Yankner Bruce A. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractMany aging individuals accumulate the pathology of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) without evidence of cognitive decline. Here we describe an integrated neurodegeneration checkpoint response to early pathological changes that restricts further disease progression and preserves cognitive function. Checkpoint activation is mediated by the REST transcriptional repressor, which is induced in cognitively-intact aging humans and AD mouse models at the onset of amyloid β-protein (Aβ) deposition and tau accumulation. REST induction is mediated by the unfolded protein response together with β-catenin signaling. A consequence of this response is the targeting of REST to genes involved in key pathogenic pathways, resulting in downregulation of gamma secretase, tau kinases, and pro-apoptotic proteins. Deletion of REST in the 3xTg and J20 AD mouse models accelerates Aβ deposition and the accumulation of misfolded and phosphorylated tau, leading to neurodegeneration and cognitive decline. Conversely, viral-mediated overexpression of REST in the hippocampus suppresses Aβ and tau pathology. Thus, REST mediates a neurodegeneration checkpoint response with multiple molecular targets that may protect against the onset of AD.
Intrinsic surface p-wave superconductivity in layered AuSn4
Authors: Zhu Wenliang , Song Rui , Huang Jierui , Wang Qi-Wei , Cao Yuan , Zhai Runqing , Bian Qi , Shao Zhibin , Jing Hongmei , Zhu Lujun , Hou Yuefei , Gao Yu-Hang , Li Shaojian , Zheng Fawei , Zhang Ping , Pan Mojun , Liu Junde , Qu Gexing , Gu Yadong , Zhang Hao , Dong Qinxin , Huang Yifei , Yuan Xiaoxia , He Junbao , Li Gang , Qian Tian , Chen Genfu , Li Shao-Chun , Pan Minghu , Xue Qi-Kun 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe search for topological superconductivity (TSC) is currently an exciting pursuit, since non-trivial topological superconducting phases could host exotic Majorana modes. However, the difficulty in fabricating proximity-induced TSC heterostructures, the sensitivity to disorder and stringent topological restrictions of intrinsic TSC place serious limitations and formidable challenges on the materials and related applications. Here, we report a new type of intrinsic TSC, namely intrinsic surface topological superconductivity (IS-TSC) and demonstrate it in layered AuSn4 with Tc of 2.4 K. Different in-plane and out-of-plane upper critical fields reflect a two-dimensional (2D) character of superconductivity. The two-fold symmetric angular dependences of both magneto-transport and the zero-bias conductance peak (ZBCP) in point-contact spectroscopy (PCS) in the superconducting regime indicate an unconventional pairing symmetry of AuSn4. The superconducting gap and surface multi-bands with Rashba splitting at the Fermi level (EF), in conjunction with first-principle calculations, strongly suggest that 2D unconventional SC in AuSn4 originates from the mixture of p-wave surface and s-wave bulk contributions, which leads to a two-fold symmetric superconductivity. Our results provide an exciting paradigm to realize TSC via Rashba effect on surface superconducting bands in layered materials.
Efficient ultrafast field-driven spin current generation for spintronic terahertz frequency conversion
Authors: Ilyakov Igor , Brataas Arne , de Oliveira Thales V. A. G. , Ponomaryov Alexey , Deinert Jan-Christoph , Hellwig Olav , Faßbender Jürgen , Lindner Jürgen , Salikhov Ruslan , Kovalev Sergey 
Published: November 2023

AbstractEfficient generation and control of spin currents launched by terahertz (THz) radiation with subsequent ultrafast spin-to-charge conversion is the current challenge for the next generation of high-speed communication and data processing units. Here, we demonstrate that THz light can efficiently drive coherent angular momentum transfer in nanometer-thick ferromagnet/heavy-metal heterostructures. This process is non-resonant and does neither require external magnetic fields nor cryogenics. The efficiency of this process is more than one order of magnitude higher as compared to the recently observed THz-induced spin pumping in MnF2 antiferromagnet. The coherently driven spin currents originate from the ultrafast spin Seebeck effect, caused by a THz-induced temperature imbalance in electronic and magnonic temperatures and fast relaxation of the electron-phonon system. Owing to the fact that the electron-phonon relaxation time is comparable with the period of a THz wave, the induced spin current results in THz second harmonic generation and THz optical rectification, providing a spintronic basis for THz frequency mixing and rectifying components.
Diamond preservation in the lithospheric mantle recorded by olivine in kimberlites
Authors: Giuliani Andrea , Phillips David , Pearson D. Graham , Sarkar Soumendu , Müller Alex A. , Weiss Yaakov , Preston Robin , Seller Michael , Spetsius Zdislav 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe diamond potential of kimberlites is difficult to assess due to several mantle and magmatic processes affecting diamond content. Traditionally, initial evaluations are based on the compositions of mantle-derived minerals (garnet, chromite, clinopyroxene), which allow an assessment of pressure-temperature conditions and lithologies suitable for diamond formation. Here we explore a complementary approach that considers the conditions of diamonds destruction by interaction with melts/fluids (metasomatism). We test the hypothesis that carbonate-rich metasomatism related to kimberlite melt infiltration into the deep lithosphere is detrimental to diamond preservation. Our results show that high diamond grades in kimberlites worldwide are exclusively associated with high-Mg/Fe olivine, which corresponds to mantle lithosphere minimally affected by kimberlite-related metasomatism. Diamond dissolution in strongly metasomatised lithosphere containing low-Mg/Fe olivine provides a causal link to the empirical associations between low diamond grades, abundant Ti-Zr-rich garnets and kimberlites with high Ti and low Mg contents. This finding show-cases olivine geochemistry as a viable tool in diamond exploration.
Single-nucleus DNA sequencing reveals hidden somatic loss-of-heterozygosity in Cerebral Cavernous Malformations
Authors: Ressler Andrew K. , Snellings Daniel A. , Girard Romuald , Gallione Carol J. , Lightle Rhonda , Allen Andrew S. , Awad Issam A. , Marchuk Douglas A. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractCerebral Cavernous Malformations (CCMs) are vascular malformations of the central nervous system which can lead to moderate to severe neurological phenotypes in patients. A majority of CCM lesions are driven by a cancer-like three-hit mutational mechanism, including a somatic, activating mutation in the oncogene PIK3CA, as well as biallelic loss-of-function mutations in a CCM gene. However, standard sequencing approaches often fail to yield a full complement of pathogenic mutations in many CCMs. We suggest this reality reflects the limited sensitivity to identify low-frequency variants and the presence of mutations undetectable with bulk short-read sequencing. Here we report a single-nucleus DNA-sequencing approach that leverages the underlying biology of CCMs to identify lesions with somatic loss-of-heterozygosity, a class of such hidden mutations. We identify an alternative genetic mechanism for CCM pathogenesis and establish a method that can be repurposed to investigate the genetic underpinning of other disorders with multiple somatic mutations.
An atlas of genetic determinants of forearm fracture
Authors: Nethander Maria , Movérare-Skrtic Sofia , Kämpe Anders , Coward Eivind , Reimann Ene , Grahnemo Louise , Borbély Éva , Helyes Zsuzsanna , Funck-Brentano Thomas , Cohen-Solal Martine , Tuukkanen Juha , Koskela Antti , Wu Jianyao , Li Lei , Lu Tianyuan , Gabrielsen Maiken E. ,   Estonian Biobank Research Team, Mägi Reedik , Hoff Mari , Lerner Ulf H. , Henning Petra , Ullum Henrik , Erikstrup Christian , Brunak Søren ,   DBDS Genomic Consortium, Langhammer Arnulf , Tuomi Tiinamaija , Oddsson Asmundur , Stefansson Kari , Pettersson-Kymmer Ulrika , Ostrowski Sisse Rye , Pedersen Ole Birger Vesterager , Styrkarsdottir Unnur , Mäkitie Outi , Hveem Kristian , Richards J. Brent , Ohlsson Claes 
Published: November 2023

AbstractOsteoporotic fracture is among the most common and costly of diseases. While reasonably heritable, its genetic determinants have remained elusive. Forearm fractures are the most common clinically recognized osteoporotic fractures with a relatively high heritability. To establish an atlas of the genetic determinants of forearm fractures, we performed genome-wide association analyses including 100,026 forearm fracture cases. We identified 43 loci, including 26 new fracture loci. Although most fracture loci associated with bone mineral density, we also identified loci that primarily regulate bone quality parameters. Functional studies of one such locus, at TAC4, revealed that Tac4–/– mice have reduced mechanical bone strength. The strongest forearm fracture signal, at WNT16, displayed remarkable bone-site-specificity with no association with hip fractures. Tall stature and low body mass index were identified as new causal risk factors for fractures. The insights from this atlas may improve fracture prediction and enable therapeutic development to prevent fractures.
Cell-based versus corticosteroid injections for knee pain in osteoarthritis: a randomized phase 3 trial
Authors: Mautner Ken , Gottschalk Michael , Boden Scott D. , Akard Alison , Bae Won C. , Black Lora , Boggess Blake , Chatterjee Paramita , Chung Christine B. , Easley Kirk A. , Gibson Greg , Hackel Josh , Jensen Katie , Kippner Linda , Kurtenbach Chad , Kurtzberg Joanne , Mason R. Amadeus , Noonan Benjamin , Roy Krishnendu , Valentine Verle , Yeago Carolyn , Drissi Hicham 
Published: November 2023

AbstractVarious types of cellular injection have become a popular and costly treatment option for patients with knee osteoarthritis despite a paucity of literature establishing relative efficacy to each other or corticosteroid injections. Here we aimed to identify the safety and efficacy of cell injections from autologous bone marrow aspirate concentrate, autologous adipose stromal vascular fraction and allogeneic human umbilical cord tissue-derived mesenchymal stromal cells, in comparison to corticosteroid injection (CSI). The study was a phase 2/3, four-arm parallel, multicenter, single-blind, randomized, controlled clinical trial with 480 patients with a diagnosis of knee osteoarthritis (Kellgren–Lawrence II–IV). Participants were randomized to the three different arms with a 3:1 distribution. Arm 1: autologous bone marrow aspirate concentrate (n = 120), CSI (n = 40); arm 2: umbilical cord tissue-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (n = 120), CSI (n = 40); arm 3: stromal vascular fraction (n = 120), CSI (n = 40). The co-primary endpoints were the visual analog scale pain score and Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score pain score at 12 months versus baseline. Analyses of our primary endpoints, with 440 patients, revealed that at 1 year post injection, none of the three orthobiologic injections was superior to another, or to the CSI control. In addition, none of the four groups showed a significant change in magnetic resonance imaging osteoarthritis score compared to baseline. No procedure-related serious adverse events were reported during the study period. In summary, this study shows that at 1 year post injection, there was no superior orthobiologic as compared to CSI for knee osteoarthritis. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03818737
Quantitative study of spatial and temporal variation in retinal capillary network perfusion in rat eye by in vivo confocal imaging
Authors: Yu Paula Kun , Mehnert Andrew , Dickson Jayden Brendan , Qambari Hassanain , Balaratnasingam Chandrakumar , Cringle Stephen , Darcey Dean , Yu Dao-Yi 
Published: November 2023

AbstractMicrovascular dysfunction is the underlying pathological process in many systemic diseases. However, investigation into its pathogenesis is impeded by the accessibility and complexity of the microvasculature within different organs, particularly for the central nervous system. The retina as an extension of the cerebrum provides a glimpse into the brain through which the microvasculature can be observed. Two major questions remain unanswered: How do the microvessels regulate spatial and temporal delivery to satisfy the varying cellular demands, and how can we quantify blood perfusion in the 3D capillary network? Here, quantitative measurements of red blood cell (RBC) speed in each vessel in the field were made in the in vivo rat retinal capillary network using an ultrafast confocal technique with fluorescently labelled RBCs. Retinal RBC speed and number were found to vary remarkably between microvessels ranging from 215 to 6641 microns per second with significant variations spatially and temporally. Overall, the RBC speed was significantly faster in the microvessels in the superficial retina than in the deep retina (estimated marginal means of 2405 ± 238.2 µm/s, 1641 ± 173.0 µm/s respectively). These observations point to a highly dynamic nature of microvasculature that is specific to its immediate cellular environment and is constantly changing.
Treatment of 95 post-Covid patients with SSRIs
Authors: Rus Carla P. , de Vries Bert E. K. , de Vries Ingmar E. J. , Nutma Idelette , Kooij J. J. Sandra 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAfter Covid-19 infection, 12.5% develops post-Covid-syndrome (PCS). Symptoms indicate numerous affected organ systems. After a year, chronic fatigue, dysautonomia and neurological and neuropsychiatric complaints predominate. In this study, 95 PCS patients were treated with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). This study used an exploratory questionnaire and found that two-thirds of patients had a reasonably good to strong response on SSRIs, over a quarter of patients had moderate response, while 10% reported no response. Overall, patients experienced substantial improved well-being. Brainfog and sensory overload decreased most, followed by chronic fatigue and dysautonomia. Outcomes were measured with three different measures that correlated strongly with each other. The response to SSRIs in PCS conditions was explained by seven possible neurobiological mechanisms based on recent literature on PCS integrated with already existing knowledge. Important for understanding these mechanisms is the underlying biochemical interaction between various neurotransmitter systems and parts of the immune system, and their dysregulation in PCS. The main link appears to be with the metabolic kynurenine pathway (KP) which interacts extensively with the immune system. The KP uses the same precursor as serotonin: tryptophan. The KP is overactive in PCS which maintains inflammation and which causes a lack of tryptophan. Finally, potential avenues for future research to advance this line of clinical research are discussed.
Controlling stable Bloch points with electric currents
Authors: Lang Martin , Pathak Swapneel Amit , Holt Samuel J. R. , Beg Marijan , Fangohr Hans 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe Bloch point is a point singularity in the magnetisation configuration, where the magnetisation vanishes. It can exist as an equilibrium configuration and plays an important role in many magnetisation reversal processes. In the present work, we focus on manipulating Bloch points in a system that can host stable Bloch points—a two-layer FeGe nanostrip with opposite chirality of the two layers. We drive Bloch points using spin-transfer torques and find that Bloch points can move collectively without any Hall effect and report that Bloch points are repelled from the sample boundaries and each other. We study pinning of Bloch points at wedge-shaped constrictions (notches) in the nanostrip and demonstrate that arrays of Bloch points can be moved past a series of notches in a controlled manner by applying consecutive current pulses of different strength. Finally, we simulate a T-shaped geometry and demonstrate that a Bloch point can be moved along different paths by applying current between suitable strip ends.
Sex-specific-evaluation of metabolic syndrome prevalence in Algeria: insights from the 2016–2017 non-communicable diseases risk factors survey
Authors: Ngwasiri Calypse , Kinoré Mikaila , Samadoulougou Sekou , Kirakoya-Samadoulougou Fati 
Published: November 2023

AbstractMetabolic syndrome (MetS) is a core driver of cardiovascular diseases (CVD); however, to date, gender differences in MetS prevalence and its components have not been assessed in the Algerian adult general population. This study aimed to determine the gender differences in MetS prevalence and its components, in the general population of Algeria. Secondary analysis was performed on data from the Algerian 2016–2017 non-communicable disease risk factor survey. MetS was determined according to the harmonized Joint Interim Statement criteria. A Poisson regression model based on Generalised Estimating Equations was used to estimate the adjusted prevalence ratios (aPR) for the sex-specific factors associated with MetS. Overall, the prevalence of MetS was 34.0% (95% CI 32.4–35.6). MetS prevalence in women and men was 39.1% (95% CI 37.0–41.3) and 29.1% (95% CI 27.2–31.2), respectively. The most frequent triad was the clustering of abdominal obesity with low HDL-cholesterol and high blood pressure among women (8.9%; 95% CI [8.0–10.0]) and low HDL-cholesterol with high blood pressure and hyperglycaemia among men (5.2%; 95% CI [4.3–6.3]). Increasing age (aPR 3.21 [2.35–4.39] in men and aPR 3.47 [2.86–4.22] in women), cohabitation (aPR 1.14 [1.05–1.24]), women residing in urban areas (aPR 1.13 [1.01–1.26]), men with higher educational levels (aPR 1.39 [1.14–1.70]), and men with insufficient physical activity (aPR 1.16 [1.05–1.30]) were associated with higher risk of MetS. In this population-based study, one in three Algerian adults had MetS, and key components including abdominal obesity, low HDL-cholesterol, and high blood pressure, are very common, especially in women. Reinforcing interventions for weight management targeting married women living in urban areas and improving sufficient physical activity in men with higher socioeconomic status could provide maximal health gains and stem the CVD epidemic in Algeria.
High prevalence group testing in epidemiology with geometrically inspired algorithms
Authors: Schenk Hannes , Caf Yasemin , Knabl Ludwig , Mayerhofer Christoph , Rauch Wolfgang 
Published: November 2023

AbstractDemand for mass surveillance during peak times of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic caused high workload for clinical laboratories. Efficient and cost conserving testing designs by means of group testing can substantially reduce resources during possible future emergency situations. The novel hypercube algorithm proposed by Mutesa et al. 2021 published in Nature provides methodological proof of concept and points out the applicability to epidemiological testing. In this work, the algorithm is explored and expanded for settings with high group prevalence. Numerical studies investigate the limits of the adapted hypercube methodology, allowing to optimize pooling designs for specific requirements (i.e. number of samples and group prevalence). Hyperparameter optimization is performed to maximize test-reduction. Standard deviation is examined to investigate resilience and precision. Moreover, empirical validation was performed by elaborately pooling SARS-CoV-2 virus samples according to numerically optimized pooling designs. Laboratory experiments with SARS-CoV-2 sample groups, ranging from 50 to 200 items, characterized by group prevalence up to 10%, are successfully processed and analysed. Test-reductions from 50 to 72.5% were achieved in the experimental setups when compared to individual testing. Higher theoretical test-reduction is possible, depending on the number of samples and the group prevalence, indicated by simulation results.