bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predictive Control Co-Design: A Single-Level Optimization Framework for Computationally-Efficient Approximation of Recursive Model Predictive Control in Control Co-Design
Authors: Nash Austin L. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Control co-design (CCD) offers a promising solution for coordinating plant and control design of complex systems to better meet next generation demands. Most CCD algorithms optimize open-loop control signals that solve the problem with a single horizon, yet yield system designs lacking robustness to uncertainties. Recent work has integrated modern model predictive control (MPC) policies into CCD. While this results in systems that are more robust, the recursive nature of receding-horizon MPC is computationally expensive and necessitates a bi-level (nested) optimization process to solve sequential MPC problems over smaller horizons. In this work, I present a single-level predictive control co-design (pCCD) optimization framework that approximates the solution to optimizing a recursive MPC within CCD within a single optimization horizon without the need for nested optimization. The pCCD framework leverages elements of static gain matrices as decision variables to integrate a predictive controller into the algorithm that approximates the benefits afforded by embedding a MPC policy in CCD. The formulation reduces algorithm computational complexity by optimizing over the entire operating horizon at once while retaining key robustness and constraint-handling advantages of MPC. Through a comparative case study for a dual-tank thermal management system, this work shows the pCCD algorithm yields superior robustness to disturbance uncertainties compared to an analogous open-loop CCD system while converging on an optimal system/control design with a 92% reduction in run time compared to an analogous system optimized using a recursive MPC policy within the same CCD algorithm.
Optimal Design of Anti-Icing Blunt Trailing-Edge Wind Wheel for H-Type Vertical Axis Wind Turbine Under Operating Conditions
Authors: Zhang Xu , Cui Lengshuang , Zhao Lei , Li Wei 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
A novel optimization method is developed for the design of an anti-icing blunt trailing-edge wind wheel of H-type vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT) based on the quasi-steady-state icing. The parametric expression of the airfoil is given using the mean camber and thickness functions, the blunt trailing-edge is constructed by the rotation and zoom of coordinates, and then through the aerodynamic design theory, the geometry control equations of the blunt trailing-edge wind wheel are established. The icing process using Solution and Icing modules is repeated at equal interval azimuths to obtain the ice on the wind wheel per revolution. The optimization model is solved using particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm integrated with computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method to maximize the wind energy utilization in both ice-free and icing conditions. Significant improvements are realized for flow and aerodynamic characteristics, confirming that the optimization method provides important guidance for an anti-icing design of VAWT blades.
Model Consistency for Mechanical Design: Bridging Lumped and Distributed Parameter Models With a Priori Guarantees
Authors: Wang Randi , Shapiro Vadim , Mehandish Morad 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Engineering design often involves representation in at least two levels of abstraction: the system-level, represented by lumped parameter models (LPMs), and the geometric-level, represented by distributed parameter models (DPMs). Functional design innovation commonly occurs at the system-level, followed by a geometric-level realization of functional LPM components. However, comparing these two levels in terms of behavioral outcomes can be challenging and time-consuming, leading to delays in design translations between system and mechanical engineers. In this paper, we propose a simulation-free scheme that compares LPMs and spatially discretized DPMs based on their model specifications and behaviors of interest, regardless of modeling languages and numerical methods. We adopt a model order reduction (MOR) technique that a priori guarantees accuracy, stability, and convergence to improve the computational efficiency of large-scale models. Our approach is demonstrated through the model consistency analysis of several mechanical designs, showing its validity, efficiency, and generality. Our method provides a systematic way to compare system-level and geometric-level designs, improving reliability and facilitating design translation.
A bird’s-eye view of the endoplasmic reticulum in filamentous fungi
Authors: Martínez-Andrade Juan M. , Roberson Robert W. , Riquelme Meritxell 
Published: February 2024

SUMMARY

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is one of the most extensive organelles in eukaryotic cells. It performs crucial roles in protein and lipid synthesis and Ca
2+
homeostasis. Most information on ER types, functions, organization, and domains comes from studies in uninucleate animal, plant, and yeast cells. In contrast, there is limited information on the multinucleate cells of filamentous fungi, i.e., hyphae. We provide an analytical review of existing literature to categorize different types of ER described in filamentous fungi while emphasizing the research techniques and markers used. Additionally, we identify the knowledge gaps that need to be resolved better to understand the structure-function correlation of ER in filamentous fungi. Finally, advanced technologies that can provide breakthroughs in understanding the ER in filamentous fungi are discussed.
Triadic communication with teenagers and young adults with cancer: a systematic literature review – ‘make me feel like I’m not the third person’
Authors: Critoph Deborah J , Taylor Rachel M , Spathis Anna , Duschinsky Robbie , Hatcher Helen , Clyne Ella , Kuhn Isla , Smith Luke A M 
Published: February 2024

ObjectivesClinical communication needs of teenagers and young adults with cancer (TYACs) are increasingly recognised to differ significantly from younger children and older adults. We sought to understand who is present with TYACs, TYACs’ experiences of triadic communication and its impact. We generated three research questions to focus this review: (1) Who is present with TYACs in healthcare consultations/communication?, (2) What are TYACs’ experiences of communication with the supporter present? and (3) What is the impact of a TYAC’s supporter being present in the communication?DesignSystematic review with narrative synthesis.Data sourcesThe search was conducted across six databases: Medline, CINAHL, Embase, PsycINFO, Web of Science and AMED for all publications up to December 2023.Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesIncluded papers were empirical research published after 2005; participants had malignant disease, diagnosed aged 13–24 years (for over 50% of participants); the research addressed any area of clinical communication.Data extraction and synthesisThree independent reviewers undertook full-text screening. A review-specific data extraction form was used to record participant characteristics and methods from each included paper and results relevant to the three review questions.ResultsA total of 8480 studies were identified in the search, of which 36 fulfilled the inclusion criteria. We found that mothers were the most common supporter present in clinical communication encounters. TYACs’ experiences of triadic communication are paradoxical in nature—the supporter can help or hinder the involvement of the young person in care-related communication. Overall, young people are not included in clinical communication and decisions at their preferred level.ConclusionTriadic communication in TYACs’ care is common, complex and dynamic. Due to the degree of challenge and nuances raised, healthcare professionals need further training on effective triadic communication.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42022374528.
Integrated palliative care in oncology: a protocol for a realist synthesis
Authors: Reid Joanne , Banks Elspeth , Blair Carolyn , Bradley Natasha , Lynn Fiona A , OHalloran Peter , Prue Gillian , Roberts Nia , Wong Geoff , McConnell Tracey 
Published: February 2024

IntroductionEmerging evidence suggests improved quality of life, reduced symptom burden and lower health services costs when integrated palliative care and cancer care are implemented. Integrated palliative care aims to achieve care continuity by integrating organisational, administrative and clinical services involved in patient care networks. However, integrated palliative care for cancer is not common practice. This project, therefore, aims to understand how integrated palliative care and cancer care works in different healthcare settings (inpatient/outpatient), and for which groups of people (at what stage of the cancer journey), so we can develop guidance for optimal delivery.Methods and analysisWe will conduct a realist synthesis to develop a programme theory of how integrated palliative care in cancer works, for whom and in what contexts to achieve improved symptom management and quality of life for patients and their families.This realist synthesis will follow the five stages outlined by Pawson: (1) locating existing theories, (2) searching for evidence, (3) article selection, (4) extracting and organising data and (5) synthesising the evidence and drawing conclusions. We will work closely with our expert stakeholder group, which includes health and social care professionals providing palliative care and oncology; management and policy groups and members of the public and patients. We will adhere to RAMESES quality standards for undertaking a realist synthesis.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval for this project is not required.The realist synthesis will develop a programme theory that provides clarity on the optimal delivery of palliative care for adults with cancer. We will use the programme theory to coproduce guidance and user-friendly outputs, working with stakeholders to inform delivery of best practice. Findings will inform further research in integrated palliative care and cancer. Stakeholder engagement will assist in the dissemination of our findings.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42023389791.
Many-body interactions between contracting living cells
Authors: Golkov Roman , Shokef Yair 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The organization of live cells into tissues and their subsequent biological function involves inter-cell mechanical interactions, which are mediated by their elastic environment. To model this interaction, we consider cells as spherical active force dipoles surrounded by an unbounded elastic matrix. Even though we assume that this elastic medium responds linearly, each cell’s regulation of its mechanical activity leads to nonlinearities in the emergent interactions between cells. We study the many-body nature of these interactions by considering several geometries that include three or more cells. We show that for different regulatory behaviors of the cells’ activity, the total elastic energy stored in the medium differs from the superposition of all two-body interactions between pairs of cells within the system. Specifically, we find that the many-body interaction energy between cells that regulate their position is smaller than the sum of interactions between all pairs of cells in the system, while for cells that do not regulate their position, the many-body interaction is larger than the superposition prediction. Thus, such higher-order interactions should be considered when studying the mechanics of multiple cells in proximity.

Graphic Abstract
Energy Partition between Submesoscale Internal Waves and Quasigeostrophic Vortical Motion in the Pycnocline
Authors: Vladoiu Anda , Lien Ren-Chieh , Kunze Eric 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Shipboard ADCP velocity and towed CTD chain density measurements from the eastern North Pacific pycnocline are used to segregate energy between linear internal waves (IW) and linear vortical motion [quasigeostrophy (QG)] in 2D wavenumber space spanning submesoscale horizontal wavelengths λx ∼ 1–50 km and finescale vertical wavelengths λz ∼ 7–100 m. Helmholtz decomposition and a new Burger number (Bu) decomposition yield similar results despite different methodologies. While these wavelengths are conventionally attributed to internal waves, both QG and IW contribute significantly at all measured scales. Partition between IW and QG total energies depends on Bu. For Bu < 0.01, available potential energy EP exceeds horizontal kinetic energy EK and is contributed mostly by QG. In contrast, energy is nearly equipartitioned between QG and IW for Bu ≫ 1. For Bu < 2, EK is contributed mainly by IW, and EP by QG, while, for Bu > 2, contributions are reversed. Finescale near-inertial IW dominate vertical shear variance, implying negligible QG contribution to vertical shear instability. In contrast, both QG and IW at the smallest λx ∼ 1 km contribute large horizontal shear variance, so that both may lead to horizontal shear instability, while QG, with its longer time scales, likely dominates isopycnal stirring. Both QG and IW contribute to vortex stretching at small vertical scales. For QG, the relative vorticity contribution to linear potential vorticity anomaly increases with decreasing horizontal and increasing vertical scales.
How many Italian cancer patients are eligible for, and may respond to, Italian Medicines Agency-approved immune checkpoint inhibitors?
Authors: Crocetti Emanuele , Ravaioli Alessandra , Falcini Fabio , Vattiato Rosa , Mancini Silvia , Baldacchini Flavia , Zamagni Federica , Vitali Benedetta , Balducci Chiara , Bucchi Lauro , Giuliani Orietta 
Published: February 2024

Introduction: This cross-sectional study was aimed at estimating the number of Italian incident cancer patients in 2020 eligible for, and respondent to, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI). Methods: The study is based on publicly available data: the ICI approved until August 2022 by the Italian Medicines Agency (AIFA) with their specific indications and overall observed responses, rther details can be found in the Online Supplementary Materi cancer incidence estimates at 2020 and observed cancer deaths, and published papers with estimates on the frequency of different cancer stage/histology/markers etc. corresponding to AIFA authorizations. Results: In the analyzed period, a total of seven ICI were authorized in Italy for 20 cancer types. The estimated number of ICI-eligible patients in 2020 was 48,400, 14.3% of those tumors (including skin epitheliomas) that may fit AIFA-indications, and 10.5% of all the incident malignant tumors, including skin epitheliomas. The number of patients who may benefit from ICI therapy was 24,052, 49.7% of the ICI-eligible ones, or 5.2% of the overall estimated incident cancers in 2020. Conclusions: In conclusion, although the number of ICI-eligible patients is a relatively small proportion of the yearly burden of cancers, about half of them may respond to ICI-treatment.
Bioequivalence of rimegepant, a small molecule CGRP receptor antagonist, administered as an oral tablet, a sublingual orally disintegrating tablet, and a supralingual orally disintegrating tablet: two phase 1 randomized studies in healthy adults
Authors: Croop Robert , Bhardwaj Rajinder , Anderson Matt S. , Matschke Kyle T. , Hould Jennifer , Bertz Richard , Liu Jing , Lipton Richard B. 
Published: February 2024

Background Rimegepant is an orally administered small molecule calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor antagonist indicated for the acute and preventive treatment of migraine. Methods Two single-center, phase 1, open-label, randomized bioequivalence studies were conducted in healthy adult non-smokers, aged 18–55 years. One study compared the rate and extent of absorption of the marketed formulation of rimegepant 75 mg orally disintegrating tablet (ODT) administered sublingually with rimegepant 75 mg oral tablet, an earlier development formulation; the second compared the rate and extent of absorption of 75 mg rimegepant ODT administered supralingually with rimegepant oral tablet. Results The ln-transformed geometric mean ratios for the area under the curve (AUC) from time 0 to the last available concentration time point (time t) (AUC0-t), AUC from time 0 to infinity (AUC0-inf), and maximum observed concentration ( Cmax) of sublingual rimegepant ODT vs. rimegepant tablet were 97, 97, and 105%, respectively, and the 90% confidence intervals (CIs) were all within the predefined range (80–125%) for bioequivalence. The ln-transformed geometric mean ratios for the AUC0-t and AUC0-inf of supralingual rimegepant ODT vs. rimegepant tablet were 98%, the 90% CIs were within the predefined range (80–125%), and the geometric mean ratio for Cmax was 103% with the 95% upper confidence bound for the scaled average bioequivalence criterion of –0.0575 (within-participant coefficient of variation for the reference for Cmax > 30%) for bioequivalence. Conclusions Rimegepant 75 mg ODT, administered sublingually or supralingually, and rimegepant 75 mg oral tablet were bioequivalent.
Development of a steady-state computational fluid dynamics solver for transonic rotorcraft flows
Authors: Abuhanieh Saleh 
Published: February 2024

The capability for solving compressible fluid flows in the rotating frame of reference is added to an existed open-source CFD solver, namely, HiSA solver. The new implementation is explained and validated using the experimental data of the Sikorsky S-76 rotor. A comparison is presented between the moving mesh results obtained from the original HiSA code and the single rotating frame results achieved through the new implementation. The comparison includes an analysis of torque and thrust values, as well as computational costs. The results imply that, for evaluating the performance of an isolated rotor or for shape optimization purposes at the transonic regime, the single rotating frame method, like the one introduced in the current work, can provide accurate results within an acceptable computational budget. Furthermore, the results show that, at least 25 revolutions are required for the transient analysis to reach an acceptable steady-state converged solution like the one obtained by the single rotating frame method.
Maternal Parenting Styles and Middle Childhood Temperament Patterns: A Comparison Between Two Social Classes Residing in an Urban Community
Authors: Kota Raga Sumedha , Prasad Hrishikesh Giri , Reddy Ramsubba 
Published: February 2024

Background: Parenting refers to the usual approaches that parents use in child rearing and is one of the many aspects that play a role in the development of both adaptive and maladaptive behavior in children and adolescents. Parenting styles may be authoritarian, authoritative, or permissive. Temperament refers to the stylistic aspect of behavior and individual differences in behavioral characteristics. This study aimed to compare maternal parenting styles and childhood temperamental patterns between two socioeconomic classes. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. Sixty mothers from middle and lower socioeconomic status residing in an urban community in Hyderabad were chosen for the study. Data was collected from January to February 2020. Every participant was a mother of two children in the age group 6–12 years. A semi-structured intake proforma was used, along with the Temperament Measurement Schedule and Parental Styles Questionnaire. Factorial ANOVA was used to explore the differences among the different groups. Results: In 76% of the participants, the predominant parenting style was found to be authoritative. Statistically significant differences in parenting styles were seen between the middle and low socioeconomic status groups. Parenting styles differed with the gender of the child. The education of the mother influenced the parenting style. Illiterate participants and participants who did not have at least tenth-grade education had an authoritarian parenting style. Second-born children scored high on the sociability factor compared to firstborn children. The difference between first- and second-born children was statistically significant. Socioeconomic status and the gender of the child had a statistically significant association. Conclusions: Parenting is a complex phenomenon that is influenced by many factors, social class being one such factor.
The association between type 2 diabetes mellitus/prediabetes status and femoral neck bone mineral density in old adults
Authors: Wang Bo , Shi Chenhao , Zhu Zhongxin 
Published: February 2024

Background The prevalence of both type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and osteoporosis has been increasing among older individuals, with these two health conditions often coexisting. Our aim in this study was to evaluate the association between T2DM status and bone mineral density (BMD) of the femoral neck among older adults in the United States. Methods This was a retrospective analysis of the data from 5695 adults, 60–80 years of age. The data were obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, for the following years: 2005–2006, 2007–2008, 2009–2010, 2013–2014, and 2017–2018. Weighted multivariable regression analyses, with subgroup analyses as appropriate, were performed to identify an association between T2DM/prediabetes status and femoral BMD and mediating factors. Results There was a significant positive association between T2DM/prediabetes status and femoral neck BMD among older women, but not men, after adjusting for body mass index (BMI). On subgroup analysis, stratified by BMI, the significant positive association was retained for T2DM women with a BMI of 25–29.9 kg/m2 (β, 0.030; 95% CI, 0.007–0.052) or ≥30 kg/m2 (β, 0.029; 95% CI, 0.007–0.05), and for prediabetes women with a BMI of 25–29.9 kg/m2 (β, 0.016; 95% CI, 0.001–0.030). Conclusions The association between a positive T2DM/prediabetes status and femoral neck BMD differed by sex among older individuals, with the association being further modulated by BMI. For women with a BMI of 25–29.9 kg/m2 or ≥30 kg/m2, T2DM was associated with a significantly higher femoral neck BMD, compared to the non-diabetes group.
Assessing Adult ADHD: An Updated Review of Rating Scales for Adult Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
Authors: Caroline S. Sharon Suganthi , Sudhir Paulomi M. , Mehta Urvakhsh Meherwan , Kandasamy Arun , Thennarasu K , Benegal Vivek 
Published: February 2024

Adult ADHD is a prevalent yet underdiagnosed and undertreated condition. Assessment of ADHD is critical to understanding and managing ADHD comprehensively. Method: Scholarly articles on adult ADHD between 1996 and 2022 were reviewed using the PRISMA guidelines. ADHD rating scales with multiple citations were selected and their psychometric properties and symptom coverage were analyzed. Results: Ten rating scales, with sound psychometric properties, were identified. Out of those reviewed two (BADDS and BAARS-IV) load on the inattentive domain of ADHD, while the rest focus on a comprehensive assessment of ADHD. Only one scale (BARRS-IV) incorporates an assessment of functional impairment. Some scales though widely utilized have not been adequately examined for their sensitivity. Conclusions: Rating scales are reliable and valid, in the assessment of adult ADHD. We present a review of recent scales, with an expanded focus, to help clinicians make informed decisions on diagnosis, identifying targets and planning interventions accordingly.