bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Laws Governing State Health Official Appointments: A Legal and Historical Review
Authors: Yeager Valerie A. , Silverman Ross D. , Halverson Paul K. 
Published: November 2023

Objective:
The current study presents the legal epidemiological review of State Health Official (SHO) appointment laws, including the evolution of educational and experience requirements of SHOs over time. Findings can inform the discussion about state laws and the substantive, multidisciplinary qualifications essential to successfully leading state public health agencies in the 21st century.

Methods:
Standard policy surveillance methods were used to collect and assess the statutes governing SHO appointment and eligibility from all 50 states and the District of Columbia between 1995 and 2020.

Results:
SHOs are most frequently appointed by their jurisdiction's Health Secretary (n = 17), followed by Governor nominations with legislative approval (n = 15), and 13 states where the Governor is the sole SHO appointing authority. While a large majority of jurisdictions require certain professional and/or educational minimum qualifications to serve as an SHO, 11 states have no professional or experiential minimum qualifications. The most common minimum requirement found was possessing a medical degree, which is required in 22 jurisdictions (including Washington, District of Columbia). Twelve of these states require the physician to have additional education or experience, such as the possession of experience in public health (n = 5), experience in both public health and management (n = 3), or holding an additional health-related degree (n = 2). Four states added a medical degree as a requirement for SHOs over the last 25 years, while 5 states removed their medical degree requirement.

Conclusions:
States should reassess their eligibility requirements for SHO service in light of the advancement and demands of public health leadership in the 21st century, as many states continue to look to those with medical training as the primary source for such leadership.
“If It Weren't for This, We'd Be Sick”—Perspectives From Participants of a Couple-Based HIV Treatment and Support Program During Prenatal and Postpartum Periods in Zambézia Province, Mozambique
Authors: Brooks Hannah L. , Graves Erin , De Schacht Caroline , Emílio Almiro , Matino Ariano , Aboobacar Arifo , Audet Carolyn M. 
Published: November 2023

Background:
Engagement in HIV care and treatment services during pregnancy is key to eliminating vertical transmission. One barrier to retention of pregnant and lactating women is insufficient support from male partners. Reframing HIV services as couple-based may increase adherence among men and women. As part of a cluster randomized trial evaluating an intervention offering seroconcordant couples living with HIV joint follow-up in HIV services and sessions with a health counselor and couple peer educators, we assessed participants' perspectives and experiences regarding the intervention.

Setting:
Zambézia Province is a rural, low-income, and medically underserved region of central Mozambique.

Methods:
We conducted semistructured interviews with a subset of participants enrolled in the intervention arm. The objectives were to explore participants' (1) experiences with couples-based HIV care and the educational/support sessions; (2) perceived impacts of the intervention; and (3) suggestions for intervention improvement. Interviews conducted by experienced interviewers were audio-recorded, transcribed, and deductively coded.

Results:
Sixty-four participants were interviewed. Participants described the counselor and the peer educators as trustworthy and the sessions as improving their HIV-related knowledge. Receiving joint HIV services was convenient and motivated some participants to remain adherent to care. Participants provided few suggestions to improve the intervention, although a few female participants did state that they wished their male partners had participated more readily in the joint sessions and medication pick-ups at the health facilities.

Conclusions:
Participants described positive experiences with and perceived benefits from the intervention, making this intervention acceptable within the local context.
Impact of Decarceration Plus Alcohol, Substance Use, and Mental Health Screening on Life Expectancies of Black Sexual Minority Men and Black Transgender Women Living With HIV in the United States: A Simulation Study Based on HPTN 061
Authors: Feelemyer Jonathan , Bershteyn Anna , Scheidell Joy D. , Brewer Russell , Dyer Typhanye V. , Cleland Charles M. , Hucks-Ortiz Christopher , Justice Amy , Mayer Ken , Grawert Ames , Kaufman Jay S. , Braithwaite Scott , Khan Maria R. 
Published: November 2023

Background:Given the disproportionate rates of incarceration and lower life expectancy (LE) among Black sexual minority men (BSMM) and Black transgender women (BTW) with HIV, we modeled the impact of decarceration and screening for psychiatric conditions and substance use on LE of US BSMM/BTW with HIV.Methods:We augmented a microsimulation model previously validated to predict LE and leading causes of death in the US with estimates from the HPTN 061 cohort and the Veteran's Aging Cohort Studies. We estimated independent associations among psychiatric and substance use disorders, to simulate the influence of treatment of one condition on improvement on others. We used this augmented simulation to estimate LE for BSMM/BTW with HIV with a history of incarceration under alternative policies of decarceration (ie, reducing the fraction exposed to incarceration), screening for psychiatric conditions and substance use, or both.Results:Baseline LE was 61.3 years. Reducing incarceration by 25%, 33%, 50%, and 100% increased LE by 0.29, 0.31, 0.53, and 1.08 years, respectively, versus no reductions in incarceration. When reducing incarceration by 33% and implementing screening for alcohol, tobacco, substance use, and depression, in which a positive screen triggers diagnostic assessment for all psychiatric and substance use conditions and linkage to treatment, LE increased by 1.52 years compared with no screening or decarceration.Discussion:LE among BSMM/BTW with HIV is short compared with other people with HIV. Reducing incarceration and improving screening and treatment of psychiatric conditions and substance use could substantially increase LE in this population.
Cofactors of Partner HIV Self-testing and Oral PrEP Acceptance Among Pregnant Women at High Risk of HIV in Kenya
Authors: Ngumbau Nancy M. , Neary Jillian , Wagner Anjuli D. , Abuna Felix , Ochieng Ben , Dettinger Julia C. , Gómez Laurén , Marwa Mary M. , Watoyi Salphine , Nzove Emmaculate , Pintye Jillian , Baeten Jared M. , Kinuthia John , John-Stewart Grace 
Published: November 2023

Background:
Oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and male partner HIV self-testing (HIVST) is being scaled up within antenatal clinics. Few data are available on how co-distribution influences acceptance of both interventions.

Methods:
We used data from the PrEP Implementation of Mothers in Antenatal Care (NCT03070600) trial in Kenya. Women included in this analysis were determined to be at high risk of HIV and offered oral PrEP and partner HIVST. Characteristics were compared between women who chose: (1) PrEP and HIVST, (2) HIVST-alone, (3) PrEP-alone, or (4) declined both (reference), excluding women who had partners known to be living with HIV.

Results:
Among 911 women, median age was 24 years, 87.3% were married, 43.9% perceived themselves to be at high risk of HIV and 13.0% had history of intimate partner violence (IPV). Overall, 68.9% accepted HIVST and 18.4% accepted PrEP, with 54.7% accepting HIVST-alone, 4.2% PrEP-alone, and 14.3% both HIVST and PrEP. Of women accepting HIVST, partner HIV testing increased from 20% to 82% and awareness of partner HIV status increased from 4.7% to 82.0% between pregnancy and 9 months postpartum (P < 0.001). Compared with women who accepted neither, choosing: (1) HIVST-alone was associated with being married, higher level of education, and residing with partner; (2) PrEP-alone was associated with lower social support, IPV, not residing with partner, longer time living with partner, and suspicion of other partners; and (3) PrEP and HIVST was associated with being married, IPV, and suspicion that partner had other partners.

Conclusions:
Understanding factors associated with accepting HIVST and PrEP can inform HIV prevention programs for pregnant women.

Clinical Trial Number:
NCT03070600.
PhenomAD-NDD: the Phenomics Aggregation Database of comorbidities in 51,227 pediatric individuals with NeuroDevelopmental Disorders
Authors: Dingemans Alexander J M , Jansen Sandra , van Reeuwijk Jeroen , de Leeuw Nicole , Pfundt Rolph , Schuurs-Hoeijmakers Janneke , van Bon Bregje W , Marcelis Carlo , Ockeloen Charlotte W , Willemsen Marjolein , van der Sluijs Pleuntje J , Santen Gijs W E , Kooy R Frank , Vulto-van Silfhout Anneke T , Kleefstra Tjitske , Koolen David A , Vissers Lisenka E L M , de Vries Bert B A 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe prevalence of comorbidities in individuals with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD) is not well understood, while these are important for accurate diagnosis and prognosis in routine care and for characterizing the clinical spectrum of NDD syndromes. Therefore, we developed PhenomAD-NDD: an aggregated database with comorbid phenotypic data of 51,227 individuals with NDD, all harmonized into Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO), with in total 3,054 unique HPO terms. We demonstrate that almost all congenital anomalies are more prevalent in the NDD population than in the general population and the NDD baseline prevalence allows for approximation of enrichment of symptoms. Such analyses for 33 genetic NDDs for instance shows that 32% of enriched phenotypes is currently not reported in the clinical synopsis in OMIM. PhenomAD-NDD is open to all via a visualization online tool and allows to determine enrichment of symptoms in NDD.
Influence of menstrual cycle and oral contraceptive phases on bone (re)modelling markers in response to intervallic running
Authors: Guisado-Cuadrado Isabel , Romero-Parra Nuria , Elliott-Sale Kirsty J. , Sale Craig , Díaz Ángel E. , Peinado Ana B. 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo examine procollagen type I N-propeptide (P1NP) and carboxy-terminal cross-linking telopeptide of type I collagen (β-CTX-1) concentrations across different phases of the menstrual (MC) and oral contraceptive (OC) cycles and in response to running.Methods17β-oestradiol, progesterone, P1NP and β-CTX-1 were analysed pre-and post-exercise in eight eumenorrheic females in the early-follicular (EFP), late-follicular (LFP), and mid-luteal (MLP) phases of the MC, while 8 OC users were evaluated during the withdrawal (WP) and active pill-taking (APP) phases. The running protocol consisted of 8x3 min treadmill runs at 85% of maximal aerobic speed.Results17β-oestradiol concentrations (pg·ml-1) were lower in the EFP (47.22±39.75) compared to the LFP (304.95±235.85; p=<0.001) and MLP (165.56±80.6; p=0.003) of the MC and higher in the WP (46.51±44.09) compared to the APP (10.88±11.24; p<0.001) of the OC cycle. While progesterone (ng·ml-1) was higher in the MLP (13.214±4.926) compared to the EFP (0.521±0.365; p<0.001) and LFP (1.677±2.586; p<0.001) of the MC. In eumenorrheic females, P1NP concentrations (ng·ml-1) were higher in LFP (69.97±17.84) compared to EFP (60.96±16.64; p=0.006;) and MLP (59.122±11.77; p=0.002;). Post-exercise concentrations (70.71±15.59) increased from pre-exercise (55.86±12.86; p<0.001). For β-CTX-1 (ng·ml-1), lower concentrations were shown in MLP (0.376±0.098) compared to LFP (0.496±0.166; p=0.001) and EFP (0.452±0.148; p=0.039). OC users showed higher post-exercise P1NP concentrations in WP (61.75±8.32) compared to post-exercise in APP (45.45±6; p<0.001). Comparing P1NP levels between eumenorrheic and OC users, post-exercise P1NP concentrations were higher in the EFP (66.91±16.26; p<0.001), LFP (80.66±16.35; p<0.001) and MLP (64.57±9.68; p=0.002) of the MC compared to the APP of the OC cycle.ConclusionThese findings underscore the importance of studying exercising females with different ovarian hormone profiles, as changes in sex hormone concentrations affect bone metabolism in response to running, showing a higher post-exercise P1NP concentrations in all MC phases compared with APP of the OC cycle.
Evaluation of Alinity m CMV assay performance for detecting CMV in plasma, cerebrospinal fluid, and bronchoalveolar lavage specimens
Authors: Kostera Joshua , Hubbard Mark , Jackson Dillon , Liesman Rachael M. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIntroductionRapid and accurate detection of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection and reactivation is crucial to preventing adverse outcomes in immunocompromised individuals, especially in transplant recipients. Current PCR-based assays were developed for use with plasma specimens, but CMV is present in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BAL) in immunocompromised patients with CMV pneumonia and has also been detected in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).ObjectivesWe evaluated the performance of the Abbott Alinity m CMV assay compared to the Abbott RealTime CMV assay for quantification of CMV in plasma, BAL, and CSF specimens.MethodsAnalytical performance, including linearity, precision, and limit of detection, was established for plasma, BAL, and CSF specimen types using reference CMV control material (SeraCare). To evaluate clinical performance, 190 plasma specimens, 78 BAL specimens, and 26 CSF specimens were tested with the Alinity m assay and compared to the RealTime CMV assay.ResultsThe Alinity m CMV assay showed high precision (SD <0.01 to 0.13) within the quantifiable range (1.49-8.00 log10 IU/mL) for all 3 specimen types, with strong clinical correlation to the RealTime CMV assay results (r2=0.9779 for plasma, r2=0.9373 for BAL, r2=0.9889 for CSF).ConclusionThe Alinity m CMV assay may be useful for rapid detection of CMV in plasma, BAL, and CSF specimens.
Benzylic Radical Stabilization Permits Ether Formation During Darobactin Biosynthesis
Authors: Woodard Austin M. , Peccati Francesca , Navo Claudio D. , Jiménez-Osés Gonzalo , Mitchell Douglas A. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe Gram-negative selective antibiotic darobactin A has attracted interest owing to its intriguing fused bicyclic structure and unique mode of action. Biosynthetic studies have revealed that darobactin is a ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptide (RiPP). During maturation, the darobactin precursor peptide (DarA) is modified by a radicalS-adenosyl methionine (rSAM)-dependent enzyme (DarE) to contain ether and C-C crosslinks. In this work, we describe the enzymatic tolerance of DarE using a panel of DarA variants, revealing that DarE can install the ether and C-C crosslinks independently and in different locations on DarA. These efforts produced 57 darobactin variants, 50 of which were enzymatically modified. Several new variants with fused bicyclic structures were characterized, including darobactin W3Y, which replaces tryptophan with tyrosine at the twice-modified central position, and darobactin K5F, which displays a fused diether ring pattern. Three additional darobactin variants contained fused diether macrocycles, leading us to investigate the origin of ether versus C-C crosslink formation. Computational analyses found that more stable and long-lived Cβ radicals found on aromatic amino acids correlated with ether formation. Further, molecular docking and calculated transition state structures provide support for the different indole connectivity observed for ether (Trp-C7) and C-C (Trp-C6) crosslink formation. We also provide experimental evidence for a β-oxotryptophan modification, a proposed intermediate during ether crosslink formation. Finally, mutational analysis of the DarA leader region and protein structural predictions identified which residues were dispensable for processing and others that govern substrate engagement by DarE. Our work informs on darobactin scaffold engineering and sheds additional light on the underlying principles of rSAM catalysis.
Assessment of machine-learning predictions for MED25 ACID domain interactions with transactivation domains
Authors: Monté Didier , Lens Zoé , Dewitte Frédérique , Villeret Vincent , Verger Alexis 
Published: November 2023

AbstractHuman Mediator complex subunit MED25 binds transactivation domains (TADs) present in various cellular and viral proteins using two binding interfaces found on opposite sides of its ACID domain, and referenced as H1 and H2. Here, we use and compare deep learning methods to characterize Human MED25-TADs interfaces and assess the predicted models to published experimental data. For the H1 interface, AlphaFold produces predictions with high reliability scores that agree well with experimental data, while the H2 interface predictions appear inconsistent, preventing reliable binding modes. Despite these limitations, we experimentally assess the validity of Lana-1 and IE62 MED25 interface predictions. AlphaFold predictions also suggest the existence of a unique hydrophobic pocket for Arabidopsis MED25 ACID domain.
Modern methods of construction (MMC) and innovation negativism in the UK public sector
Authors: Saad Ali M. , Dulaimi Mohammed , Arogundade Suhaib , Zulu Sambo Lyson , Gorse Chris 
Published: November 2023

PurposeThe recent failures and insolvencies of organisations related to the modern methods of construction (MMC) have gained increased attention and controversy across the UK construction sector. Such failures are linked to their inability to achieve an economy of scale and drive key clients to accept the MMC as an alternative to traditional methods. This paper aims to unravel whether a phenomenon of “innovation negativism” has manifested and is contributing to public clients' indecision towards broader MMC, whether this is only linked to past negative experiences formed after the Second World War or whether additional contributing reasons exist to influence adoption.Design/methodology/approachThis study focusses on exploring the decision-making of the UK public construction sector; therefore, this paper adopts a qualitative approach, utilising interviews with 14 carefully selected MMC experts, government advisors and public clients. The phenomenological stance adopted herewith enables the authors to make better sense of the perceptions of the interviewees, leading to the conceptualisation of the innovation negativism phenomenon.FindingsThe paper identifies nine themes that may be argued to promote a profound understanding of the MMC negativism influencing public clients' decision-making. The study has found that more than just the previous negative perceptions formulated post Second World War are driving innovation negativism in the UK public sector. Notably, the emerging themes are incomprehension, lacking evidence, communication, relationship history, bad experiences, uncertainty, inadequate experimentation, the business case and localism.Originality/valueThis study is the first construction management research that acts as a fair departure point to conceptualise the reasoning behind innovation negativism in the construction setting. Through mirroring demand's unipolarity for traditional methods, policy and decision-makers can now rely on the conceptualised reasoning to determine practical solutions to overcome clients' indecisions towards MMC.
School principals' leadership styles on implementing inclusive education: the entrepreneurial leadership effect
Authors: Stavrou Emilia , Kafa Antonios 
Published: November 2023

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate school principals' leadership styles in Cyprus in relation to students' support for special education needs within the context of inclusive education.Design/methodology/approachThe original type of evidence was qualitative empirical research through the examination of four case studies in school organizations with a high number of students with special education needs. Using the interview protocol, data on school principals' leadership styles were collected from school principals and teachers. The empirical development theory method was used to analyze the data.FindingsThe findings suggest that in the respective school organizations, a combination of all leadership styles can support the desired outcomes of students with special education needs, thereby promoting the inclusive education aspect in school organizations. However, there was a preference for the entrepreneurial leadership style, which connects the external leadership dimension with school principalship.Originality/valueThese findings could assist in shaping a specific educational policy that includes professional development for school principals in entrepreneurship in order to support students with special education needs. Furthermore, the results could be compared to those in other contexts where school principals' leadership styles and practices are promoted in relation to the support of students with special education needs.
Do innovation policies support micro and small enterprises to overcome barriers?
Authors: Bittar Alexandre de Vicente , Di Serio Luiz Carlos 
Published: November 2023

PurposeMicro and small enterprises (MSEs) play a crucial role in the development of any country by generating innovative ideas. However, they face inherent restrictions that hinder their innovation capabilities. It is essential to support innovation policies to overcome these barriers and foster innovation. This study aims to explore how innovation policies can reduce barriers to innovation in MSEs using the lens of innovation capabilities.Design/methodology/approachThrough a multiple case study, the authors examined eight MSEs in São Paulo (Brazil) and five in Florence (Italy) to conduct this study. These countries share a similar level of importance when it comes to MSEs.FindingsCurrent innovation policies could be more effective for MSEs if certain barriers they encounter are faced and resolved, such as limited financial resources and a scarcity of qualified workers. These barriers directly affect two key elements of their innovation capability: financial resources and human resources. Therefore, it is essential to develop innovation policies that target these elements directly to enable MSEs to overcome these obstacles and thrive.Originality/valueThis study aims to enhance the knowledge of how innovation policies can help alleviate obstacles to innovation and how they can influence the various components that comprise the innovation capability of MSEs. This research can be valuable for policymakers as it provides insight into which innovation policies impact each aspect of innovation capability, enabling them to choose the most suitable policy based on the specific needs and local circumstances of the MSEs.