bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The MegaPool Approach to Characterize Adaptive CD4+ and CD8+ T Cell Responses
Authors: da Silva Antunes Ricardo , Weiskopf Daniela , Sidney John , Rubiro Paul , Peters Bjoern , Lindestam Arlehamn Cecilia S. , Grifoni Alba , Sette Alessandro 
Published: November 2023

AbstractEpitopes recognized by T cells are a collection of short peptide fragments derived from specific antigens or proteins. Immunological research to study T cell responses is hindered by the extreme degree of heterogeneity of epitope targets, which are usually derived from multiple antigens; within a given antigen, hundreds of different T cell epitopes can be recognized, differing from one individual to the next because T cell epitope recognition is restricted by the epitopes’ ability to bind to MHC molecules, which are extremely polymorphic in different individuals. Testing large pools encompassing hundreds of peptides is technically challenging because of logistical considerations regarding solvent‐induced toxicity. To address this issue, we developed the MegaPool (MP) approach based on sequential lyophilization of large numbers of peptides that can be used in a variety of assays to measure T cell responses, including ELISPOT, intracellular cytokine staining, and activation‐induced marker assays, and that has been validated in the study of infectious diseases, allergies, and autoimmunity. Here, we describe the procedures for generating and testing MPs, starting with peptide synthesis and lyophilization, as well as a step‐by‐step guide and recommendations for their handling and experimental usage. Overall, the MP approach is a powerful strategy for studying T cell responses and understanding the immune system's role in health and disease. © 2023 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Generation of peptide pools (“MegaPools”)Basic Protocol 2: MegaPool testing and quantitation of antigen‐specific T cell responses
Evaluation of salivary transferrin in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Tavakoli Fatemeh , Ghavimi Mohammad Ali , Fakhrzadeh Vahid , Abdolzadeh Dorna , Afshari Aylar , Eslami Hosein 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjectivesAbout 94% of oral cancers are squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs). Its occurrence is age‐related due to some factors. Salivary biomarkers have good susceptibility to OSCC's early diagnosis. Moreover, since the clinical diagnosis of advanced stages of OSCC is feasible, its prognosis is very poor.Material and MethodsAccording to inclusion and exclusion criteria, 40 OSCC patients and 40 healthy people were selected, and 5 mL of saliva were prepared from each person. The quantity of saline transferrin was computed. After that, the data were analyzed.ResultsOur study results demonstrated that the mean and standard deviation of the salivary transferrin in the control group were 1.234 mL and 0.374, respectively, and in the case group, it was equal to 2.512 mL for the mean and 0.463 for the standard deviation. There was a statistically substantial difference between the mean of the salivary transferrin variable in the two study groups.ConclusionIn conclusion, the mean concentration of salivary transferrin in the case group was higher than in the control group.
Potentilla parvifolia strongly influenced soil microbial community and environmental effect along an altitudinal gradient in central Qilian Mountains in western China
Authors: Cheng Miaomiao , Song Jinge , Li Weikun , Zhao Yiming , Zhang Gaosen , Chen Yong , Gao Haining 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe Qilian Mountains (QLMs) form an important ecological security barrier in western China and a priority area for biodiversity conservation. Potentilla parvifolia is a widespread species in the mid‐high altitudes of the QLMs and has continuously migrated to higher altitudes in recent years. Understanding the effects of P. parvifolia on microbial community characteristics is important for exploring future changes in soil biogeochemical processes in the QLMs. This study found that P. parvifolia has profound effects on the community structure and ecological functions of soil microorganisms. The stability and complexity of the root zone microbial co‐occurrence network were significantly higher than those of bare soils. There was a distinct altitudinal gradient in the effect of P. parvifolia on soil microbial community characteristics. At an elevation of 3204 m, P. parvifolia promoted the accumulation of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus and increased sucrase activity and soil C/N while significantly improving the community richness index of fungi (p < .05) compared with that of bacteria and the relative abundance of Ascomycota. The alpha diversity of fungi in the root zone soil of P. parvifolia was also significantly increased at 3550 m altitude. Furthermore, the community similarity distance matrix of fungi showed an evident separation at 3204 m. However, at an altitude of 3750 m, P. parvifolia mainly affected the bacterial community. Potentilla parvifolia increased the bacterial community richness. This is in agreement with the findings based on the functional prediction that P. parvifolia favors the growth and enrichment of denitrifying communities at 3550 and 3750 m. The results provide a scientific basis for predicting the evolutionary trends of the effects of P. parvifolia on soil microbial communities and functions and have important implications for ecological governance in the QLMs.
First‐ever satellite tracking of Black Terns (Chlidonias niger): Insights into home range and habitat selection
Authors: McKellar Ann E. , Clements Sarah J. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractUnderstanding animal movement across the annual cycle is critical for developing appropriate conservation plans, but the large size and high cost of tracking devices can limit the spatial and temporal resolution at which movement data can be collected, especially for small avian species. Furthermore, for species with low breeding site fidelity, the ability to obtain tracking data from small, archival tags is hindered by low recapture rates. We deployed satellite tracking devices on four adult Black Terns (Chlidonias niger), a declining waterbird with low site fidelity, to examine space use and selection of resources within individual breeding home ranges. We also provide a preliminary assessment of habitat use during fall stopover. We found that home ranges were extensive (mean 283.7 km2) and distances travelled from the nest substantially larger (up to 35 km) than previously thought (~2.5 km). Terns showed selection for wetlands and open water on the breeding grounds, but also showed selection for developed areas. This may reflect humans selecting similar landscape features for recreation and development as terns, and suggests that terns can tolerate the light degree of development (e.g. cottages, boat launches, etc.) within our study area. Despite a small sample size, this is the first study to track individual Black Terns at a high resolution with implications for conservation and wetland management practices relevant to the spatial scales at which habitat is used by the species.
Backbone ground motion model through simulated records and XGBoost machine learning algorithm: An application for the Azores plateau (Portugal)
Authors: Karimzadeh Shaghayegh , Mohammadi Amirhossein , Salahuddin Usman , Carvalho Alexandra , Lourenço Paulo B. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAzores Islands are seismically active due to the tectonic structure of the region. Since the 15th century, they have been periodically shaken by approximately 33 moderate to strong earthquakes, with the most recent one in 1998 (Mw = 6.2). Nonetheless, due to insufficient instrumental seismic data, the region lacks a uniform database of past real records. Ground motion simulation techniques provide alternative region‐specific time series of prospective events for locations with limited seismic networks or regions with a seismic gap of catastrophic earthquake events. This research establishes a local ground motion model (GMM) for the Azores plateau (Portugal) by simulating region‐specific records for constructing a homogeneous dataset. Simulations are accomplished in bedrock using the stochastic finite‐fault approach by employing validated input‐model parameters. The simulation results undergo validation against the 1998 Faial event and comparison with empirical models for volcanic and Pan‐European datasets. A probabilistic numerical technique, namely the Monte‐Carlo simulation, is employed to estimate the outcome of uncertainty associated with these parameters. The results of the simulations are post‐processed to predict the peak ground motion parameters in addition to spectral ordinates. This study uses XGBoost to circumvent the difficulties inherent to linear regression‐based models in establishing the form of equations and coefficients. The input parameters for prediction are moment magnitude (Mw), Joyner and Boore distance (RJB), and focal depth (FD). The quantification of GMM uncertainty is accomplished by analyzing the residuals, providing insight into inter‐ and intra‐event uncertainties. The outcomes demonstrate the effectiveness of the suggested model in simulating physical phenomena.
Automated cyberattack detection using optimal ensemble deep learning model
Authors: Vaiyapuri Thavavel , Shankar K. , Rajendran Surendran , Kumar Sachin , Gaur Vimal , Gupta Deepak , Alharbi Meshal 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn recent times, the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) has developed significantly. In the application of automation, and intelligence, industrial digitalization introduced cyber risks, and the varied and complex industrial IoT platform presented a novel attack surface for network invaders. Several Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) were advanced recently as many computer networks exposure to privacy and security threats. Availability, Data confidentiality, and integrity, the damage will happen in case of IDS prevention failure. Traditional methods were ineffective in dealing with advanced attacks. Advanced deep learning (DL) methods were designed for automatic ID and abnormal behavior detection of networks. Therefore, this article focuses on the design of Improved Reptile Search Optimization with Ensemble Deep Learning based Cybersecurity (IRSO‐EDLCS) technique in the IIoT environment. The major aim of the IRSO‐EDLCS technique lies in the accurate identification of cyberattacks in the IIoT environment. To accomplish this, the presented IRSO‐EDLCS technique performs IRSO algorithm‐based feature selection (IRSO‐FS) technique. In addition, the IRSO‐EDLCS technique performs an ensemble of three DL models namely deep belief network (DBN), bidirectional gated recurrent unit (BiGRU), and autoencoder (AE). The hyperparameter tuning process is performed by a modified gray wolf optimizer (MGWO) to enhance detection process. To exhibit the improved performance of the IRSO‐EDLCS algorithm, a wide range of simulations were performed on the benchmark database. The experimental outcomes depict the betterment of the IRSO‐EDLCS technique over other existing models.
Pinobanksin from peony seed husk: A flavonoid with the potential to inhibit the proliferation of SH‐SY5Y
Authors: Chen Wen‐Tao , Zhang Ying‐Yang , Qiang Qiang , Zou Lin‐Ling , Zou Ping , Xu Ying 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPinobanksin, as one of the flavonoids, has powerful biological activities but has been under‐recognized. In this study, we optimized the extraction method of phragmites from peony seed shells by using organic solvent extraction. The yield of PSMS was 10.54 ± 0.13% under the conditions of ethanol volume fraction 70%, extraction temperature 70°C, material–liquid ratio 1:25 g/mL, and extraction time 60 min; the optimized PSMS could be effectively separated in S‐8 macroporous resin coupled with C18. The relative content of PSMS was increased from 0.42% in PSMS to 92.53% after C18 purification; the antioxidant activity test revealed that pinobanksin could exert antioxidant ability by binding catalase (CAT) enzyme. Second, it was found that pinobanksin could effectively inhibit the proliferation of SH‐SY5Y cells, mainly by binding to BCL2‐associated X (BAX), B‐cell lymphoma‐2 (BCL‐2), and cyclin‐dependent Kinase 4/6 (CDK4/6) to produce more hydrogen bonds to inhibit their activities. This study confirms the medicinal potential of pinobanksin and provides the basis for the proper understanding of pinobanksin and the development of related products.
Analysis of double‐diffusive hydrothermal flow in a domestic stack: The effect of side walls patterns
Authors: Hamza Naseer H. , Abdulkadhim Ammar , Mohsen Ali M. , Abed Azher M. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractDomestic stack is considered to investigate the double‐diffusive laminar natural convection. The working fluid is a gaseous mixture that has similar physical properties to carbon dioxide. Knowing the patterns of gaseous mixture distribution and determining the carbon deposit regions can help in carbon capture problems. The present study uses the finite element method to numerically examine the double ratio‐diffusive physical phenomena in a rectangular‐trapezoidal enclosure and to simulate the stack under a wide range of dimensionless parameters, such as buoyancy ratio , Lewis number , and Rayleigh number for different aspect ratios. Nine different cases of the geometrical ratio are selected to cover most possible design configurations. The results indicate that increasing the Lewis number leads to augmented solutal transport but reduces heat transfer. However, both heat and mass transfer are observed by increasing the buoyancy ratio. It is worth mentioning that increasing the ratio of upper side length to base length from to leads to a significant increase in mass transfer by 75% and heat transfer enhancement ratio by around 50%.
Lateral flow in bedrock dominates baseflow and flood flow in a catchment underlain with permeable sedimentary rock in the high‐relief Chichibu Mountains
Authors: Asano Yuko , Kawasaki Masatoshi , Takatoku Kae , Uchida Taro , Hiroki Sotaro 
Published: November 2023

AbstractDetermining the mechanisms of runoff generation is essential to land and water resource conservation, but lateral flow processes in high‐relief mountain areas remain unclear due to the difficulty to observe and measure these processes. This study demonstrates that lateral flow in bedrock dominates both high and low flows in a catchment underlain with permeable sedimentary bedrock in the high‐relief Chichibu Mountains. Through measurement of precipitation, discharge, soil, and stream temperatures and tracers (SiO2 and δ18O) in the first‐order stream Bakemonozawa (0.51 km2) and comparison of its water balance with the nested Kawamata catchment (93.58 km2) i, we showed that 831–1012 mm/year or 47%–53% of annual precipitation leaked from Bakemonozawa. The streamflow was discharged from an average depth of 2.3 m or deeper, which were deeper than the measured deepest soil near the gauge. Furthermore, stream temperature decreased significantly during a large summer storm, demonstrating that the relative contribution of the deep bedrock flowpath increased. Large isotopic variation in precipitation was dampened in the stream, suggesting that most baseflow and some higher flows arose from groundwater storage with a constant isotopic ratio due to dispersion and mixing. The discharge–SiO2 relationship suggested at least two groundwater sources, namely, shallow and deep bedrock groundwater, with different runoff responses. Discharge increased dramatically when the catchment became wet, coinciding with the deep bedrock groundwater contribution. Further research is needed to clarify the hydrological characteristics of bedrock.
Obesity is associated with biliary tract cancer mortality and incidence: A pooled analysis of 21 cohort studies in the Asia Cohort Consortium
Authors: Oze Isao , Ito Hidemi , Koyanagi Yuriko N. , Abe Sarah Krull , Rahman Md. Shafiur , Islam Md. Rashedul , Saito Eiko , Gupta Prakash C. , Sawada Norie , Tamakoshi Akiko , Shu Xiao‐Ou , Sakata Ritsu , Malekzadeh Reza , Tsuji Ichiro , Kim Jeongseon , Nagata Chisato , You San‐Lin , Park Sue K. , Yuan Jian‐Min , Shin Myung‐Hee , Kweon Sun‐Seog , Pednekar Mangesh S. , Tsugane Shoichiro , Kimura Takashi , Gao Yu‐Tang , Cai Hui , Pourshams Akram , Lu Yukai , Kanemura Seiki , Wada Keiko , Sugawara Yumi , Chen Chien‐Jen , Chen Yu , Shin Aesun , Wang Renwei , Ahn Yoon‐Ok , Shin Min‐Ho , Ahsan Habibul , Boffetta Paolo , Chia Kee Seng , Qiao You‐Lin , Rothman Nathaniel , Zheng Wei , Inoue Manami , Kang Daehee , Matsuo Keitaro 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBody fatness is considered a probable risk factor for biliary tract cancer (BTC), whereas cholelithiasis is an established factor. Nevertheless, although obesity is an established risk factor for cholelithiasis, previous studies of the association of body mass index (BMI) and BTC did not take the effect of cholelithiasis fully into account. To better understand the effect of BMI on BTC, we conducted a pooled analysis using population‐based cohort studies in Asians. In total, 905 530 subjects from 21 cohort studies participating in the Asia Cohort Consortium were included. BMI was categorized into four groups: underweight (<18.5 kg/m2); normal (18.5‐22.9 kg/m2); overweight (23‐24.9 kg/m2); and obese (25+ kg/m2). The association between BMI and BTC incidence and mortality was assessed using hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) by Cox regression models with shared frailty. Mediation analysis was used to decompose the association into a direct and an indirect (mediated) effect. Compared to normal BMI, high BMI was associated with BTC mortality (HR 1.19 [CI 1.02‐1.38] for males, HR 1.30 [1.14‐1.49] for females). Cholelithiasis had significant interaction with BMI on BTC risk. BMI was associated with BTC risk directly and through cholelithiasis in females, whereas the association was unclear in males. When cholelithiasis was present, BMI was not associated with BTC death in either males or females. BMI was associated with BTC death among females without cholelithiasis. This study suggests BMI is associated with BTC mortality in Asians. Cholelithiasis appears to contribute to the association; and moreover, obesity appears to increase BTC risk without cholelithiasis.
Total synthesis of cassane‐type diterpenoid pikrosalvin
Authors: Huang Rou‐Jie , Ong Tiow‐Gan , Chein Rong‐Jie 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis paper presents the first successful total synthesis of pikrosalvin, a compound naturally derived from Salvia officinalis, grounded on the structural framework delineated by Brieskorn and Fuchs. Our synthetic approach was underpinned by a biomimetic strategy inspired by the Stork–Eschenmoser hypothesis for the biosynthesis of terpenes via polyene cyclization. Starting with commercially available vanillic acid and geraniol, we strategically assembled pikrosalvin's structural core, consisting of a decalin A/B ring, an aromatic C ring, and a butyrolactone D ring. Challenges related to protective groups and specific catalytic conditions were effectively addressed, resulting in high product yields. We further demonstrated the efficacy and broad applicability of a combined‐acid‐catalyzed polyene cyclization methodology in the context of complex natural product synthesis. This study sets the stage for future biological and pharmacological investigations of pikrosalvin.
The ongoing rewriting of the therapeutic contract in Metacognitive Interpersonal Therapy for narcissistic personality disorder: The case of Mark
Authors: Dimaggio Giancarlo , Valentino Virginia 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn order to effectively treat individuals suffering from Narcissistic Personality Disorder (NPD), it is crucial to establish therapeutic goals and identify tasks to achieve them. However, this is a challenging process with NPD patients because they often struggle to find meaningful goals beyond the pursuit of status. Moreover, in order to change Furthermore, to promote change, they must confront painful emotions such as shame, guilt, or fear, which they habitually try to avoid. Additionally, they face difficulties in forming a positive perception of their therapists and cooperating towards mutually agreed‐upon goals and tasks. As a consequence, NPD patients ask for change but hardly engage themselves in the work necessary to achieve it. Therapists therefore need to pay the uttermost attention to drafting, negotiating and continuously updating a reasonable and realistic therapeutic contract. In this paper we describe the story of a man in his thirties with NPD who was ridden with depression, guilt, envy and anger and did not find ways to pursue the healthy and adaptive behaviors he would need to pursue in order to leave a richer social life. The therapist overcame ruptures in the therapeutic alliance and then involved the patient in a process where they set the steps to follow, making sure the patient was convinced they made sense. After a contract was reached progress became possible. Implications for the role of the therapeutic contract in NPD treatment are discussed.
Application of a Precision‐Dosing Model to a Real‐World Cohort of Patients on Infliximab Maintenance Therapy: Drug Usage and Cost Analysis
Authors: Nguyen Anke L. , Gibson Peter R. , Upton Richard N. , Mould Diane R. , Sparrow Miles P. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPrecision‐dosing models forecast infliximab doses to achieve targeted trough concentrations in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). These models have shown to reduce nonresponse and improve patient outcomes. We compared infliximab doses determined by iDOSE precision dosing with standard dosing, and the associated drug costs, in patients with IBD. In this retrospective study, patients with IBD treated with infliximab every 8 weeks at 5 mg/kg were included. An infliximab dose was named dose X if 3 previous infliximab doses, laboratory values including trough infliximab concentrations, and the patient's weight were recorded. The actual dose X was compared to an iDOSE‐predicted dose X. Net drug use and costs were evaluated. A total of 174 patients—56% men; median age, 36 (interquartile range, 29‐47) years; 135 with Crohn disease; and 31 with ulcerative colitis—were included, with 417 dose X recordings. Median prior infliximab therapy was 2 (0‐4) years. Comparing actual dose X with predicted dose X, 52% and 32% of doses were subtherapeutic when aiming for trough concentrations of 5‐10 and 3‐7 μg/mL, respectively. Treatment costs increased by 102% and 29% for the 2 trough ranges, respectively. On multivariate regression analysis, subtherapeutic infliximab concentrations were associated with ulcerative colitis compared with Crohn disease (odds ratio, 9.81; 95% confidence interval, 1.28‐75.40; P = .028) and predose X infliximab trough concentration [odds ratio, 0.07; 95% confidence interval, 0.03‐0.15; P < .001]. Over half of maintenance infliximab drug doses were too low to achieve infliximab blood concentrations of 5 μg/mL or greater. While applying precision dosing may improve patient outcomes, drug costs could be considerably greater.