bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanical properties of phenolic composites reinforced with jute/cotton hybrid fabrics
Authors: de Medeiros Eliton S. , Agnelli José A. M. , Joseph Kuruvilla , de Carvalho Laura H. , Mattoso Luiz H.C. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractMechanical properties (tensile, flexural, impact, and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis) of novolac type phenolic composites reinforced with jute/cotton hybrid woven fabrics were investigated as a function of fiber orientation and roving/fabric characteristics. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was carried out to investigate the fiber‐matrix adhesion. Results showed that the composite properties are strongly influenced by test direction and rovings/fabric characteristics. The anisotropy degree was shown to increase with test angle and to strongly depend on the type/architecture of fabric used, i.e., jute rovings diameter, relative fiber content, etc. It was possible to obtain composites with higher mechanical properties and lower anisotropy degree by producing cross‐ply laminates. Best overall mechanical properties were obtained for the composites tested along the jute rovings direction. Composites tested at 45° and 90° with respect to the jute roving direction exhibited a controlled brittle failure combined with a successive fiber pullout, while those tested in the longitudinal direction (0°) exhibited a catastrophic failure mode. Our results indicate that jute promotes a higher reinforcing effect and cotton avoids catastrophic failure. Therefore, this combination of natural fibers is suitable to product composites for lightweight structural applications. POLYM. COMPOS., 26:1–11, 2005. © 2004 Society of Plastics Engineers.
The electrical behavior of thermosetting polymer composites containing metal plated ceramic filler
Authors: Bar Hedva , Narkis Moshe , Boiteux Gisele 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThis paper describes the electrical behavior of a thermosetting system, based on epoxy resin, containing metal plated fillers. Ceramic fillers such as chopped glass fibers and mica flakes were coated with copper by electroless plating and incorporated into an epoxy resin based on di‐glycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) with tri‐ethylenetetramine (TETA) curing agent. The percolation threshold in these systems is obtained at very low copper contents of 0.11–0.44 vol%. The epoxy/copper coated mica system is characterized by an extremely large positive temperature coefficient (PTC) effect, which is not followed by a negative temperature coefficient (NTC) effect. Increasing the copper coated mica concentration raises the PTC temperature of the first temperature cycle, and exposing the material to continuous heating‐cooling cycles results in a decrease in the PTC temperature and an increase of its room temperature resistivity. Inverse relations were found between the coefficient of thermal expansion and the PTC temperature. Accordingly, the mechanism governing the PTC effect in the epoxy/copper coated mica composite is based on a larger thermal expansion coefficient of the matrix compared with the ceramic filler. POLYM. COMPOS., 26:12–19, 2005. © 2004 Society of Plastics Engineers.
The fetal circulation
Authors: Kiserud Torvid , Acharya Ganesh 
Published: December 2004

AbstractAccumulating data on the human fetal circulation shows the similarity to the experimental animal physiology, but with important differences. The human fetus seems to circulate less blood through the placenta, shunt less through the ductus venosus and foramen ovale, but direct more blood through the lungs than the fetal sheep. However, there are substantial individual variations and the pattern changes with gestational age. The normalised umbilical blood flow decreases with gestational age, and, at 28 to 32 weeks, a new level of development seems to be reached. At this stage, the shunting through the ductus venosus and the foramen ovale reaches a minimum, and the flow through the lungs a maximum. The ductus venosus and foramen ovale are functionally closely related and represent an important distributional unit for the venous return. The left portal branch represents a venous watershed, and, similarly, the isthmus aorta an arterial watershed. Thus, the fetal central circulation is a very flexible and adaptive circulatory system. The responses to increased afterload, hypoxaemia and acidaemia in the human fetus are equivalent to those found in animal studies: increased ductus venosus and foramen ovale shunting, increased impedance in the lungs, reduced impedance in the brain, increasingly reversed flow in the aortic isthmus and a more prominent coronary blood flow. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
18O‐labeling quantitative proteomics using an ion trap mass spectrometer
Authors: Sakai Jun , Kojima Shinich , Yanagi Kazunori , Kanaoka Masaharu 
Published: December 2004

AbstractWe describe a method for simultaneous identification and quantitation of proteins within complex mixtures. The method consists of 18O‐labeling, a simple stable isotope‐coding that requires merely enzymatic digestion in 18O‐water, in combination with a capillary‐liquid chromatography electrospray ion‐trap mass spectrometer. In a separate experiment using the same sample and a spike test, we demonstrate that the difference ratio was calculated accurately using the 18O‐labeling method even if the protein was part of a complex mixture. Our data also suggest that the accuracy of the quantitation can be improved by averaging the difference ratios of several peptides. In comparing our method with the isotope‐coded affinity tag (ICAT) method, we show that the 18O‐labeling method has the advantages of better recovery and fewer isotope effects. Therefore, the 18O‐labeling method is a powerful tool for large‐scale proteomics applications.
PRIME: A graphical interface for integrating genomic/proteomic databases
Authors: Facius Axel , Englbrecht Claudia , Birzele Fabian , Groscurth Andreas , Schmid Benjamin , Wanka Steffi , Mewes Werner 
Published: December 2004

AbstractData mining, finding and integration of information about proteins of interest, is an essential component in modern biological and biomedical research. Even when focusing on a single organism and on only a small number of proteins, there are often dozens of data sources containing relevant information. We are developing PRIME, a protein information environment, to serve as a virtual central database which integrates distributed heterogeneous information about proteins (linked by a common identifier). PRIME has powerful capabilities to visualize all kinds of protein annotation in specialized views. These views can be displayed side by side at the same time and can be synchronized in order to show simultaneously different aspects of identical proteins. These features allow a quick and comprehensive overview of properties of single proteins or protein sets.
The impact of blood contamination on the proteome of cerebrospinal fluid
Authors: You Jin‐Sam , Gelfanova Valentina , Knierman Michael D. , Witzmann Frank A. , Wang Mu , Hale John E. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractHuman cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is in direct contact with the brain extracellular space. Beside the secretion of CSF by the choroid plexus the fluid also derives directly from the brain by the ependymal lining of the ventricular system and the glial membrane and from blood vessels in the arachnoid. Therefore, biochemical changes in the brain may be reflected in the CSF. CSF is a potential source of protein molecular indices of central nervous system function and pathology. However, various amounts of blood contamination in CSF may arise during sample acquisition. The concentration of protein in the CSF is only 0.2 to 0.5% that of blood. Minor contamination of CSF with blood during collection of the fluid may dramatically alter the protein profile confounding the identification of potential biomarkers. We have analyzed CSF and CSF spiked with increasing amounts of whole blood using proteomic techniques. We detected at least four blood specific highly abundant proteins: hemoglobin, catalase, peroxiredoxin and carbonic anhydrase I. These proteins can be used as blood contamination markers for proteomic analysis of CSF. Proteins in blood contaminated CSF samples were less stable compared to neat CSF at 37°C suggesting that blood borne proteases may induce protein degradation in CSF during sample acquisition. This analysis was aimed at identification of proteins found primarily in CSF, those found primarily in blood and assessment of the impact of blood contamination on those proteins found in both fluids.
NdPASA: A novel pairwise protein sequence alignment algorithm that incorporates neighbor‐dependent amino acid propensities
Authors: Wang Junwen , Feng Jin‐An 
Published: December 2004

AbstractSequence alignment has become one of the essential bioinformatics tools in biomedical research. Existing sequence alignment methods can produce reliable alignments for homologous proteins sharing a high percentage of sequence identity. The performance of these methods deteriorates sharply for the sequence pairs sharing less than 25% sequence identity. We report here a new method, NdPASA, for pairwise sequence alignment. This method employs neighbor‐dependent propensities of amino acids as a unique parameter for alignment. The values of neighbor‐dependent propensity measure the preference of an amino acid pair adopting a particular secondary structure conformation. NdPASA optimizes alignment by evaluating the likelihood of a residue pair in the query sequence matching against a corresponding residue pair adopting a particular secondary structure in the template sequence. Using superpositions of homologous proteins derived from the PSI‐BLAST analysis and the Structural Classification of Proteins (SCOP) classification of a nonredundant Protein Data Bank (PDB) database as a gold standard, we show that NdPASA has improved pairwise alignment. Statistical analyses of the performance of NdPASA indicate that the introduction of sequence patterns of secondary structure derived from neighbor‐dependent sequence analysis clearly improves alignment performance for sequence pairs sharing less than 20% sequence identity. For sequence pairs sharing 13–21% sequence identity, NdPASA improves the accuracy of alignment over the conventional global alignment (GA) algorithm using the BLOSUM62 by an average of 8.6%. NdPASA is most effective for aligning query sequences with template sequences whose structure is known. NdPASA can be accessed online at http://astro.temple.edu/∼feng/Servers/BioinformaticServers.htm. Proteins 2005. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
In vivo three‐dimensional wrist motion analysis using magnetic resonance imaging and volume‐based registration
Authors: Goto Akira , Moritomo Hisao , Murase Tsuyoshi , Oka Kunihiro , Sugamoto Kazuomi , Arimura Takehiro , Masumoto Jun , Tamura Shinichi , Yoshikawa Hideki , Ochi Takahiro 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThis study represents a new attempt to non‐invasively analyze three‐dimensional motions of the wrist in vivo. A volume‐based registration method using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was developed to avoid radiation exposure. The primary aim was to evaluate the accuracy of volume‐based registration and compare it with surface‐based registration. The secondary aim was to evaluate contributions of the scaphoid and lunate to global wrist motion during flexion‐extension motion (FEM), radio‐ulnar deviation (RUD) and radial‐extension/ulnoflexion, “dart‐throwing” motion (DTM) in the right wrists of 12 healthy volunteers. Volume‐based registration displayed a mean rotation error of 1.29° ± 1.03° and a mean translation error of 0.21 ± 0.25mm and was significantly more accurate than surface‐based registration in rotation. Different patterns of contribution of the scaphoid and lunate were identified for FEM, RUD, and DTM. The scaphoid contributes predominantly in the radiocarpal joint during FEM, in the midcarpal joint during RUD and almost equally between these joints during DTM. The lunate contributes almost equally in both joints during FEM and predominantly in the midcarpal joint during RUD and DTM. © 2004 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Evolution of an in vivo bioreactor
Authors: Holt Ginger E. , Halpern Jennifer L. , Dovan Thomas T. , Hamming David , Schwartz Herbert S. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe ideal bone graft substitute requires osteoconductive, osteoinductive, and osteogenic components. This study introduces an “in vivo bioreactor,” a model in which pluripotent cells are recruited from circulating blood to a vascularized coralline scaffold supplemented with bone morphogenetic protein‐2 (BMP‐2). The bioreactor generates new, ectopic host bone with the capability of vascularized tissue transfer. More importantly, bone is reproducibly formed in a closed and malleable environment. In a rat model, the superficial inferior epigastric vessels were isolated, ligated, and then threaded through a prefabricated coral cylinder (hydroxyapatite, ProOsteon 500). Experimental groups were characterized by the following variables: (1) with/without incorporation of vascular pedicle; (2) with/without addition of BMP‐2 (0.02 mg/cm3). Scaffolds were harvested 6 weeks after implantation, embedded and sectioned. Tissue samples were decalcified, fixed, and stained with H&E, trichrome green, and CD31/PECAM‐1 (a marker of endothelial cells). Vascularized coral scaffolds supplemented with BMP‐2 presumably recruited circulating mesenchymal stem cells to generate bone. Bone formation was quantified through histological analysis, and reported as a percentage, area bone/area cross section scaffold × 100. Mean bone formation was 11.30% ± 1.19. All scaffolds supplied by the vascular pedicle, regardless of BMP‐2 supplementation, demonstrated neo‐vascular ingrowth. Scaffolds lacking a pedicle showed no evidence of vascular ingrowth or bone formation. This paper introduces a model of a novel “in vivo bioreactor” that has future clinical and research applications. The tissue engineering applications of the “bioreactor” include treatment of skeletal defects (nonunion, tumor post‐resection reconstruction). The bioreactor also may serve as a unique model in which to study primary and metastatic cancers of bone. © 2004 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Improvements in methods of periodontal probing: comparison of relative attachment level data selected by outlier reduction protocols from Florida disc probe measurements
Authors: Breen Harry J. , Rogers Pauline A. , Johnson Newell W. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractObjectives:  To compare relative attachment level data (RAL) selected by the Option‐4 algorithm (O‐4), Modified Option‐4 algorithm (MO‐4), Option‐3 method (O‐3) and Double Pass method (DP) from a common dataset and to determine the most efficient method in eliminating outliers.Material and methods:  A single clinician recorded full mouth RAL with the Florida Disc Probe on four occasions over 6 months in 16 subjects (mean age 48.1 years) with untreated moderate Chronic Adult Periodontitis (mean Probeable Crevice Depth 2.9 mm).Results: 2312 sites were available for analysis. Within‐visit correlation coefficients for the two selected RAL measurements were 0.98 (P < 0.001) for O‐4, MO‐4 and O‐3 and ≥ 0.92 (P < 0.001) for DP. The maximum mean differences of within‐visit RAL were − 0.05 mm for O‐4, − 0.03 mm for MO‐4, − 0.03 mm for O‐3 and − 0.02 mm for DP. The standard deviations of these differences were ≤ 0.44 mm for O‐4, ≤ 0.47 mm for MO‐4, ≤ 0.45 for O‐3 and ≤ 0.96 mm for DP. Repeated Measures Analysis of Variance (RMAV) showed a significant difference in RAL between visits for all methods (P < 0.003). RMAV, investigating predetermined between‐method comparisons, showed a significant difference in RAL between visits (P = 0.0002) and a significant interaction between the order of the selected RAL and method (P = 0.0011). Within‐visit RAL agreement to within 1.0 mm was achieved at ≥ 99.9% sites for O‐4, ≥ 99.9% sites for MO‐4, ≥ 99.3% sites for O‐3 and ≥ 85.6% sites for DP. Remeasurement (in addition to two passes) was required over the study period at 16.6% sites for O‐4, 13.2% sites for MO‐4 and 13.0% sites for O‐3: DP, by definition, required no additional measurements. The mean site‐specific variances at all visits were ≤ 0.1 mm2 for O‐4, MO‐4 and O‐3 and ≤ 0.44 mm2 for DP.Conclusions: The Option‐4 algorithm was found to be the most effective outlier reduction protocol currently available, producing the most reproducible data.
Dentine hypersensitivity in Jordanian dental attenders
Authors: Al‐Wahadni Ahed , Linden Gerard J. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractBackground: Dentine hypersensitivity (DH) is a common painful condition which affects a significant proportion of the adult population.Aims: To investigate the relationship between DH and factors such as gingival recession, oral hygiene practices and smoking in Jordanian adults.Methods: A case control study was performed on dental attenders in the Irbid region of Jordan. A DH group was composed of 126 subjects with a history of sensitivity who also reported discomfort of least two non‐carious teeth after an air blast. Each case quantified their personal perception of the severity of pain associated with sensitivity by making a mark on a visual analogue scale The presence and extent of gingival recession was measured on plaster models. An age‐ and sex‐matched control group of 134 subjects who complained of no discomfort was recruited.Results:  Independent predictors of DH in multivariate analysis were whether an individual had noticed their teeth getting longer (P = 0.01), infrequent (less than once per day) toothbrushing (P = 0.001), smoking (P = 0.0006) and the presence of recession ≥ 3 mm (P = 0.0005). Within the multivariate analysis, the odds ratio for recession of ≥ 3 mm to be associated with sensitivity was 2.80 (confidence interval 1.57–4.99). The number of teeth which responded to an airblast was significantly higher in males (P = 0.0004), smokers (P < 0.0001) and those with recession of ≥ 3 mm (P < 0.0001).Conclusions:  It is concluded that DH is associated with gingival recession in Jordanian dental attenders. However, the relationship is complex. Infrequent toothbrushing and smoking, which was almost exclusively a male habit, were also factors associated with DH.
Guided tissue regeneration in intrabony defects using an experimental bioresorbable polydioxanon (PDS) membrane
Authors: Christgau M. , Bader N. , Felden A. , Gradl J. , Wenzel A. , Schmalz G. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractAim: The comparison of the clinical, radiographic, and microbiological healing results in deep intrabony defects following GTR therapy with two different bioresorbable membranes in a prospective split‐mouth design.Material and methods: 31 pairs of contralateral intrabony defects were randomly treated with either an experimental Polydioxanon (PDS) membrane or a Polylactic acid (PLA) matrix barrier. After 6, 12 and 24 months, healing results were assessed using clinical examinations (REC, PPD, CAL, vertical relative attachment gain V‐rAG), quantitative digital subtraction radiography (amount and area of bone density changes), and microbiological analysis.Results: Postoperative membrane exposures occurred in 14 PDS and 2 PLA treated sites. 6, 12 and 24 months p.o., both membranes provided a significant gain in CAL [median values: 6 months (PDS vs. PLA: 3.0 vs. 3.0 mm); 12 and 24 months (PDS vs. PLA: 4.0 vs. 4.0 mm)], which corresponded to a V‐rAG of 57.1% (PDS) vs. 62.5% (PLA) after 24 months. PDS and PLA treated sites revealed significant bone density gain 6, 12 and 24 months after surgery. 38.8% (PDS) vs. 41.8% (PLA) of the initial defect areas showed bone density gain. While the gain in bone density was significantly greater in PDS than in PLA sites, neither CAL gain nor the area of bone density changes revealed significant differences. Microbiological culture revealed similar bacterial loads in PDS and PLA sites during the first 12 months.Conclusion:  This 24‐month study indicates that the PDS and PLA membranes can provide similar favorable regeneration results in deep intrabony periodontal defects, although considerably more postoperative membrane exposures have to be expected in PDS treated sites.
Local antibiotic therapy guided by microbiological diagnosis
Authors: Mombelli Andrea , Schmid Bruno , Rutar Alexandra , Lang Niklaus P. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractBackground: The aim of this study was to determine the distribution patterns of Porphyromonas gingivalis and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans in periodontitis patients after standard mechanical periodontal therapy, and to evaluate the effect of additional local antibiotic therapy, given to all teeth with cultural evidence of these bacteria.Methods: 17 patients were included. 852 separate subgingival microbial samples were taken from the mesial and distal aspect of every tooth in 17 subjects at baseline. 46 of these samples, from 10 positive subjects, showed cultural evidence for P. gingivalis. 82 samples, from 5 subjects, were A. actinomycetemcomitans‐positive. Three subjects showed no evidence for persistence of A. actinomycetemcomitans or P. gingivalis. In the other 14 subjects, all A. actinomycetemcomitans‐ or P. gingivalis‐positive teeth were treated with tetracycline fibers (ACTISITE®). Sub‐gingival microbial samples were again taken from two sites of every tooth, 1 month after fiber removal. 89% of the initially P. gingivalis‐positive sites were now negative, but 16 previously negative sites now tested positive. 77% of the initially A. actinomycetemcomitans‐positive sites were now negative, but 5 previously negative sites now tested positive. The teeth with persisting P. gingivalis or A. actinomycetemcomitans were again treated with fibers. Two sites of every tooth were once more sampled after 1 month. At this time, 5 subjects still showed cultural evidence of P. gingivalis at a total of 19 sites, and 4 subjects were positive for A. actinomycetemcomitans in a total of 27 sites. These 9 patients were finally submitted to systemic antibiotic therapy (3 × 250 mg metronidazole plus 3 × 375 mg amoxicillin/d for 7 days). Despite of all efforts, P. gingivalis was again detected 3 months later in isolated sites in 3 subjects, and A. actinomycetemcomitans could be cultivated from one single site.Conclusions: Therapy with tetracycline fibers guided by microbiological diagnosis effectively reduced P. gingivalis and A. actinomycetemcomitans locally, but was unable to completely eradicate the target organisms. Additional systemic antibiotic therapy further reduced P. gingivalis and A. actinomycetemcomitans. The observed persistence patterns suggest that reemergence of A. actinomycetemcomitans was due to recolonization, whereas the strikingly reproducible local reemergence of P. gingivalis in some sites indicated failed eradication.