bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Green Energy or Organic Food?: A Life‐Cycle Assessment Comparing Two Uses of Set‐Aside Land
Authors: van den Broek Richard , Treffers Dirk‐Jan , Meeusen Marieke , van Wijk Ad , Nieuwlaar Evert , Turkenburg Wim 
Published: July 2002

SummaryBioenergy has a large worldwide potential in future climate change abatement, although its application may become limited by demands for land for other functions. The aim of this study was to make an environmental assessment of the use of energy crops in the Netherlands in a context that incorporates scarcity of land.A base case system was defined, consisting of conventional winter wheat production, set‐aside land (1 hectare, together), and the production of coal‐based electricity. Using life‐cycle assessment, we compared this system with (1) a green energy system in which willow is cultivated on the set‐aside land to replace the coal‐based electricity and (2) an organic agriculture system in which the full hectare produces wheat under the Dutch EKO organic agriculture standard. In this way, the functional unit and the amount of land used is the same in each system. The final system comparison was based on normalized scores per environmental theme.The green energy system scored the best with respect to acidification, climate change, and energy carrier depletion. The organic food system scored best on terrestrial eco‐toxicity and slightly better on the mutually related themes of seawater and seawater sediment eco‐toxicity. The base case system performed slightly better with regard to eutrophication.Preferences, from an environmental point of view, for one of the systems should be determined by environmental policy priorities and the severity of local environmental problems. The case studied here shows that when climate change, energy carrier depletion, and acidification are the main drivers behind environmental policy, one should focus not on the extensification of agriculture, but rather dedicate more land to energy crops. Extensification of agriculture would be the preferred system when toxicity from pesticides is considered the main problem.
COSTS OF COURT USAGE IN SEVENTEENTH- AND EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY OTTOMAN ANATOLIA: COURT FEES AS RECORDED IN ESTATE INVENTORIES
Authors: Ergene Bogaç 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThis article investigates the costs of court usage in seventeenth- and eighteenth-century Ottoman Anatolia, with the help of the data collected from twenty-five court registers of Çankırı and Kastamonu. It utilizes the information available for the fees charged by the two courts for dividing the estates of deceased among their heirs. The findings of this article indicate not only that the courts charged for specific services substantially more than what was dictated in official price compilations, but also that the amounts that they charged increased significantly during the period of 60 years covered in this essay. Cet article examine les coûts de l'utilisation de tribunal dans Anatolie pendant l'epoque ottomane au dix-septième- et dix-huitième siècles. Ceci est accompli avec l'aide d'information trouvée dans vingt-cinq registres des tribunaux de Çankırı et de Kastamonu. L'article utilise l'information disponible au sujet des honoraires chargés par le deux tribunaux pour diviser les propriétés du décédé parmi ses héritiers. Ces resultats indiquent non seulement que les tribunaux ont chargé pour les services beaucoup plus que ce qui a été dicté dans les compilations officielles des prix, mais aussi que les montants qu'ils ont chargées augmenté considérablement pendant la période de 60 ans discuté dans cet essai.
Characteristics of Juvenile Offenders Admitting to Sexual Activity with Nonhuman Animals
Authors: Jory Brian , Fleming William , Burton David 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThis study compared the family characteristics, victimization histories, and number of perpetration offenses of juvenile offenders who admitted to having had sex with animals to juvenile offenders who did not. The study found that 96% of the juveniles who had engaged in sex with nonhuman animals also admitted to sex offenses against humans and reported more offenses against humans than other sex offenders their same age and race. Those juveniles who had engaged in sex with animals were similar to other sex offenders in that they also came from families with less affirming and more incendiary communication, lower attachment, less adaptability, and less positive environments. Those juveniles who had engaged in sex with animals reported victimization histories with more emotional abuse and neglect and a higher number of victimization events than other offenders. This would seem to indicate that sex with animals may be an important indicator of potential or co-occurring sex offenses against humans and may be a sign of severe family dysfunction and abuse that should be addressed in the arenas of psychological intervention, juvenile justice programs, and public policy.
BEER PRODUCTION BY THROWING BREAD INTO WATER: A NEW INTERPRETATION OF QOH. XI 1-2
Authors: Homan Michael 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe passage of Qoh. xi 1-2 has traditionally been understood as a call for charity or international trade. However, in the light of the procedure by which beer was made in the ancient Near East, which involved placing bread into water, a more likely interpretation is that Qoheleth is recommending beer production and consumption in perilous times.
A Footnote in the History of Φυσις
Authors: Llewelyn John 
Published: July 2002

AbstractBased on Merleau-Ponty's description of nature as that on which we ultimately rely, this essay cultivates the thought that this description also fits an idea of God and therefore of Deus sive Natura. Guided by an outline for a phenomenology of climbing, it is argued that what Heidegger calls readiness to hand presupposes readiness-to-foot (Zufussenheit). The latter gives ground for gratitude not only because it gives ground for enjoyment as gratification, but because it also gives ground for joy understood as a grace, grace understood as having its ground in Natura.
Template‐Assisted Growth of CsxFA1‐xPbI3 with Pulsed Laser Deposition for Single Junction Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Kralj Suzana , Artuk Kerem , Wieczorek Alexander , Orlov Nikolai , Eftekhari Zeinab , Saive Rebecca , Garnett Erik , Siol Sebastian , Wolff Christian M. , Morales‐Masis Monica 
Published: February 2025

AbstractCesium‐formamidinium lead iodide (CsxFA1‐xPbI3) perovskites are a promising methylammonium‐free alternative for efficient single‐junction solar cells. However, they have not been fully explored by vapor‐phase deposition techniques. Herein, a template‐assisted approach is demonstrated for the growth of CsxFA1‐xPbI3 perovskite films using pulsed laser deposition (PLD) from a single‐source target of mixed precursors. Implementing a lead iodide (PbI2) + CsxFA1‐xPbI3 tailored template, phase‐pure CsxFA1‐xPbI3 films with uniform coverage on both planar and textured substrates are achieved. Compositional analysis via X‐ray fluorescence confirms near‐stoichiometric transfer of the inorganic cations (Cs/Pb), with identical Cs0.2FA0.8PbI3 composition and a bandgap of 1.58 eV achieved in templated and non‐templated films. However, the presence of the template proves essential for attaining phase‐pure films in the photoactive cubic (α‐) phase. Proof‐of‐concept solar cells fabricated with templated‐PLD α‐CsxFA1‐xPbI3 achieve an efficiency exceeding 12.9% on 0.1 cm2 area devices without the employment of passivation approaches. Additionally, increasing deposition rates does not alter the phase, morphology, or optoelectronic properties of the templated films on textured substrates, indicating the robustness of this methodology. The compositional control of PLD for Cs‐FA‐based perovskites is showcased, and template‐assisted growth is demonstrated as a reliable pathway to high‐quality reproducible perovskite films.
Dual Interface Passivation With Multi‐Site Regulation Toward Efficient and Stable Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Li Kunpeng , Han Yong , Zhao Xinlong , Wang Tao , Zhou Mengni , Xie Zhewen , Li Zhishan , Zhang Huicong , Li Fashe , Wang Hua , Zhu Xing , Chen Jiangzhao , Zhu Tao 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe rapid crystallization process of perovskite produces a large number of defects that remain a critical factor that disturbs the performance of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). In this research, these challenges are mitigated by introducing multifunctional 2,6‐pyridinedicarboxylic acid chloride (PAC) as an additive into perovskite. During the thermal annealing process, the predominant accumulation of PAC occurs at the upper and buried interfaces of perovskite film. PAC possesses multiple passivating sites that facilitate the anchoring of lead and iodine defects, thereby enhancing the quality of the perovskite material across both its dual interfaces and grain boundaries. With this unique property, combined with the advantages of enhanced crystallization, reduced non‐radiative recombination, boosted charge carrier mobility, and optimal energy level alignment, the PSC achieved a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 25.60% and maintained more than 90% efficiency after 3000 h under one solar equivalent light and more than 90% efficiency after 1400 h under dark and high temperature (85 °C). The dual interface passivation strategy provides a sustainable solution to both stability and environmental challenges for the commercialization of perovskite solar cells.
Development of Moringa Protein‐Polysaccharide Complexes for Enhanced Anti‐Scaling Properties in Reverse Osmosis Membranes for Underground Water Desalination
Authors: Al‐Omari Mohammad Hasan , Abu‐Rayyan Ahmed , Ragab Ahmed H. , Taher Mostafa A. , El‐Sayed El‐Sayed M. , Taha A. , Mubarak Mahmoud F. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThis study introduces a Moringa oleifera protein‐alginate complex (MPAC) as an effective anti‐scaling material for reverse osmosis (RO) desalination of brackish groundwater. Extracted Moringa protein (MP) combined with sodium alginate (Alg) forms stable complexes applied as a thin film on polyamide (PA) RO membranes. Characterization techniques, including FTIR, SEM, TGA, DLS, and XRD, confirmed the structure, morphology, thermal stability, particle size (200–350 nm), zeta potential (−35 to −45 mV), and semi‐crystallinity of the MPAC. Desalination tests showed a significant reduction in scaling 60% for calcium carbonate (CaCO3) and 45% for calcium sulfate (CaSO4) over 72 h, with water flux sustained at 90%–95% and salt rejection above 98%. The MPAC's anti‐scaling performance is due to its chelation of calcium and magnesium ions, forming a barrier that prevents scale nucleation. This sustainable, scalable material improves RO membrane efficiency, with future work planned to optimize its composition for broader desalination applications.
Understanding factors that influence the drug choice of prescribers: A Q‐methodology study
Authors: Hartjes Mariëlle G. , Elsevier Annelot E. F. , Grijpma Jan Willem , Richir Milan C. , van Agtmael Michiel A. , Tichelaar Jelle 
Published: February 2025

AbstractIntroductionTherapeutic decision‐making often involves weighing several treatment options on the basis of, among other things, the disease profile, patient characteristics but also prescriber‐specific factors. This study investigated the factors influencing therapeutic decision‐making among prescribers and explores how these factors differ between healthcare professionals.MethodsThis Q‐methodology study involved 37 participants from different medical backgrounds, including physicians, dentists, midwives, physician assistants and advanced nurse practitioners from various intra‐ and extramural settings in the Netherlands. Participants ranked 55 factors on their importance for medication prescribing, and factor analysis was used to identify distinct prescriber profiles. These profiles were subsequently enriched using qualitative data derived from post‐sorting interviews.ResultsFour prescriber profiles were identified that explained 59% of the study variance: pragmatic contextual, guideline oriented, experience driven and vulnerability focused. Several factors were ranked differently in each profile. The pragmatic contextual profile emphasized patient context and risk prevention, the guideline‐oriented profile adhered to clinical guidelines, the experience‐driven profile relied on clinical experience and patient‐centred communication, and the vulnerability‐focused profile prioritized personalized care for specific patient groups.ConclusionThis study sheds light on the diverse factors influencing prescriber decision‐making in medical practice. By identifying four prescriber profiles, it reveals the complexity and diversity in how prescribers balance guidelines, clinical experience and patient‐specific considerations in their practice. These findings offer direction for developing educational and policy initiatives to enhance the quality of prescribing, ultimately improving patient outcomes.
Evidence for Pathogen‐Driven Selection Acting on HLA‐DPB1 in Response to Plasmodium falciparum Malaria in West Africa
Authors: Goeury Thomas , Faye Ndeye , Gerbault Pascale , Černý Viktor , Crubézy Eric , Chiaroni Jacques , Brouk Hacene , Brunet Lydie , Galan Maxime , de Groot Natasja G. , Nunes José Manuel , Sanchez‐Mazas Alicia 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTAfrican populations remain underrepresented in studies of human genetic diversity, despite a growing interest in understanding how they have adapted to the diverse environments they live in. In particular, understanding the genetic basis of immune adaptation to pathogens is of paramount importance in a continent such as Africa, where the burden of infectious diseases is a major public health challenge. In this study, we investigated the molecular variation of four Human Leukocyte Antigens (HLA) class II genes (DRB1, DQA1, DQB1 and DPB1), directly involved in the immune response to parasitic infections, in more than 1000 individuals from 23 populations across North, East, Central and West Africa. By analyzing the HLA molecular diversity of these populations in relation to various geographical, cultural and environmental factors, we identified divergent genetic profiles for several (semi‐)nomadic populations of the Sahel belt as a signature of their unique demography. In addition, we observed significant genetic structuring supporting both substantial geographic and linguistic differentiations within West Africa. Furthermore, neutrality tests suggest balancing selection has been shaping the diversity of these four HLA class II genes, which is consistent with molecular comparisons between HLA genes and their orthologs in chimpanzees (Patr). However, the most striking observation comes from linear modeling, demonstrating that the prevalence of Plasmodium falciparum, the primary pathogen of malaria in Africa, significantly explains a large proportion of the nucleotide diversity observed at the DPB1 gene. DPB1*01:01, a highly frequent allele in Burkinabé populations, is identified as a potential protective allele against malaria, suggesting that strong pathogen‐driven positive selection at this gene has shaped HLA variation in Africa. Additionally, two low‐frequency DRB1 alleles, DRB1*08:06 and DRB1*11:02, also show significant associations with P. falciparum prevalence, supporting resistance to malaria is determined by multigenic and/or multiallelic combinations rather than single allele effects.
Impacts of campaign‐based community watershed management on selected soil quality indicators
Authors: Addis Hailu Kendie , Tamir Simegnew , Mekuriaw Shigdaf , Belay Beyene , Birehanu Tadesse , Wuletaw Yismaw , Beyene Gedefaw , Ayalew Melkamu , Teklewold Tilaye , Giziew Almaz 
Published: February 2025

AbstractIn the highlands of Ethiopia, integrated community watershed management has drawn a lot of interest as a solution to low production and soil degradation. However, the documentation of its role in managing soil fertility and health under diverse landscape perspectives remains inadequate. The main objective of this study was to link the effects of landscape positions and soil management practices (conservation agriculture (CA) and non‐CA) on selected soil properties. Disturbed and undisturbed soil samples were collected at a depth of 0–20 cm from 192 locations (16 different watersheds) to analyze texture, bulk density (ρd), pH, soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN), and available phosphorus (Av.P). The study used analysis of variance (ANOVA), Pearson correlation, and principal component analysis to examine the relationship between factors, identify patterns, and understand data variability. The findings indicated that the landscape position significantly affects the values of ρd, sand and clay, SOC, Av.P, and TN at p < 0.05. The sand, clay, ρd, SOC, Av.P, and TN showed statistically significant variations between CA and non‐CA. The interaction effects of landscape positions and watershed management status (well and poor) were highly significant for the selected soil properties except for the silt and pH. The results also demonstrated a substantial correlation between the observed soil properties. Meanwhile, the principal components 1–3 collectively described 64.45% of the total variability. Therefore, it is possible to infer that successful watershed management intervention improves topsoil properties, which urges the maintenance and development of soil and water conservation, CA, and vermicomposting practices.
A facile method for improving interlayer adhesion of polyamide 6/carbon fiber composites for fused filament fabrication
Authors: Dong Weiping , Zhang Jianfang , Li Xiping , Hu Zhonglue , He Jiawe , Wang Sisi 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe challenge for fused filament fabrication (FFF) parts is the anisotropy of their mechanical properties. Lightweight and high‐strength carbon fiber reinforced polymers (CFRPs) exhibit weaker interlayer bonding strength (characterized by Z‐axis tensile strength) when formed using FFF compared to their neat polymers. In order to improve the interlayer bonding strength of polyamide 6 (PA6)‐based CFRP printed parts, polyamide 6 and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) were blended to produce FFF filaments in this work. The mechanical properties, cross‐sectional morphology, and thermal properties of the 3D‐printed parts of each filament were tested. It was found that when the PA6/PET mass ratio was 90/10, the Z‐axis tensile strength was 27.4 MPa, which was 94.3% higher than that of the carbon fiber‐reinforced PA6‐based composite without PET. The interlayer bonding strength has been effectively improved while maintaining the material strength (characterized by X‐axis tensile strength), and there is no need to improve the printer or perform post‐processing, reducing processing costs. The improvement of interlayer bonding enhances the sealing and chemical corrosion resistance of printed parts, providing new material options for the expansion of FFF application fields.Highlights
Short carbon fiber‐reinforced PA/PET filaments for FFF were prepared.
The addition of PET reduced the moisture absorption rate of the blends.
PET reduced the viscosity of the blends.
The interlayer bonding strength of CFRP has increased by 94.3%.
When the PET ratio was 10 wt%, the comprehensive properties were optimal.
Multi‐Level Engineering from Surface to Bulk Enabling Highly Stable Ni‐Rich O3‐Type Cathode toward Temperature‐Tolerant Quasi‐Solid‐State Na‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Wang Leilei , Hao Jiwei , Su Guoshuai , Yao Dingen , Zhang Yamin , Liang Longwei , Hou Linrui , Yuan Changzhou 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe pursuit of high‐capacity Na‐ion batteries (NIBs) has propelled great forward the O3‐type Ni‐rich NaNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 (NCM) cathodes. However, the inborn chemo‐mechanical instabilities caused by complex phase transitions and anisotropic lattice stress have severely delayed its widespread application. In the contribution, a cooperative surface‐to‐bulk modification strategy, i.e., in situ surface NaTi2(PO4)3 (NTP) coating and bulk Ti/F co‐doping, is first proposed to engineer an advanced NCM cathode (denoted as TF‐NCM@NTP). The NTP protective layer with high thermodynamic stability and ionic conductivity endows TF‐NCM@NTP with a highly stable interface and expedited de‐/sodiated kinetics. The robust Ni/Co/Mn─F bond and concurrent Ti─O bond greatly strengthen the bulk lattice oxygen and mitigate the internal strain self‐reproduction. Benefiting from these synergistic merits, the designed TF‐NCM@NTP cathode demonstrates exceptional sodium‐storage performance in terms of high‐rate capacities and long‐duration cycle life in both half and full cells. Particularly, the TF‐NCM@NTP‐based quasi‐solid‐state NIBs deliver an applicable material‐level energy density of 285 Wh kg−1 at 25 °C, and exhibit wide‐temperature‐tolerant Na‐storage behaviors ranging from −20 to 50 °C. More essentially, the multi‐level engineering strategy from surface to bulk developed here definitely makes enormous progress for rationally designing advanced cathode materials toward multi‐scenario applicable NIBs.
Improving Risk Management for Geohazards Based on Citizens’ Observatories
Authors: Silva Delta Sousa e , Sousa Maria Luísa , Caldeira Laura , Carreto Joana , Coelho Maria João , Jeremias Filipe Telmo , Ramos Rute , Roque António José , Serra João Bilé 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Within the realm of natural hazards, geohazards are recognised as being particularly complex and often having the potential of triggering disasters. This complexity has led to increased political commitment and interest in engaging multi-stakeholder and citizens in disaster risk management. The AGEO project explored new forms to foster collaboration between civil society and authorities, using the rapidly developing field of citizen science and its innovative tool of citizens’ observatories (COs). Five COs were established in different areas across the Atlantic region. This chapter summarises the lessons learned from this experience, based on the results of a comparative analysis and evaluation of AGEO’s COs. The aim was to capture the benefits of creating and operating people-centred COs for geohazards monitoring, coupled with citizen education and training. The key findings of this evaluation formed the basis for a roadmap for establishing future COs, which is outlined in this chapter.
Citizens’ Observatory on Rockfalls in the Canary Islands, Spain
Authors: Montoya-Montes Isabel , Galindo Inés , Sánchez Nieves , López-Davalillo Juan Carlos García , García Inmaculada , Pérez Noelia Cruz , Ortega Ariadna , Santamarta Juan Carlos , Rodríguez Alcántara Joselin S. , Hernández Ruiz Mario , Sanabria Pabón Margarita , Lorenzo Carnicero Carlos , Sarro Roberto , Mateos Rosa M. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
After floods, landslides are the most damaging geohazard in Spain regarding economic losses. In the Canary Islands, rockfalls and landslides are mainly triggered by meteorological phenomena, such as severe precipitations and wind, as well as dilation resulting from solar radiation. Understanding information such as location, frequency, event type, rock type, block size, rainfall or wind intensity contributes to a better understanding of the process, which is critical for performing hazard analyses to improve territory management and risk reduction. The Citizens’ Observatory on Rockfalls in the Canary Islands constitutes a tool that promotes citizen participation and seeks to empower society through citizens’ training, oriented towards reporting mass movements that have occurred in the regions where they live. Several data sources were handled in order to feed the Observatory with rockfall data and update the available mass movements inventories and contributing to complete the existing national database BDMOVES with mass movements data at regional scale. A wide range of communication actions were carried out. Citizen science is an excellent tool to obtain updated data to characterise the process in detail and thus estimate the hazard more accurately and improve the phases of prevention and mitigation.