bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Methodological and Technical Issues for Integrating Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Data in a Neuronavigational System
Authors: Roux Franck-Emmanuel , Ibarrola Danielle , Tremoulet Michel , Lazorthes Yves , Henry Patrice , Sol Jean-Christophe , Berry Isabelle 
Published: July 2004

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE
The aim of this article was to analyze the technical and methodological issues resulting from the use of functional magnetic resonance image (fMRI) data in a frameless stereotactic device for brain tumor or pain surgery (chronic motor cortex stimulation).

METHODS
A total of 32 candidates, 26 for brain tumor surgery and six chronic motor cortex stimulation, were studied by fMRI scanning (61 procedures) and intraoperative cortical brain mapping under general anesthesia. The fMRI data obtained were analyzed with the Statistical Parametric Mapping 99 software, with an initial analysis threshold corresponding to P &lt; 0.001. Subsequently, the fMRI data were registered in a frameless stereotactic neuronavigational device and correlated to brain mapping.

RESULTS
Correspondence between fMRI-activated areas and cortical mapping in primary motor areas was good in 28 patients (87%), although fMRI-activated areas were highly dependent on the choice of paradigms and analysis thresholds. Primary sensory- and secondary motor-activated areas were not correlated to cortical brain mapping. Functional mislocalization as a result of insufficient correction of the echo-planar distortion was identified in four patients (13%). Analysis thresholds (from P &lt; 0.0001 to P &lt; 10−12) more restrictive than the initial threshold (P &lt; 0.001) had to be used in 25 of the 28 patients studied, so that fMRI motor data could be matched to cortical mapping spatial data. These analysis thresholds were not predictable preoperatively. Maximal tumor resection was accomplished in all patients with brain tumors. Chronic motor cortex electrode placement was successful in each patient (significant pain relief &gt;50% on the visual analog pain scale).

CONCLUSION
In brain tumor surgery, fMRI data are helpful in surgical planning and guiding intraoperative brain mapping. The registration of fMRI data in anatomic slices or in the frameless stereotactic neuronavigational device, however, remained a potential source of functional mislocalization. Electrode placement for chronic motor cortex stimulation is a good indication to use fMRI data registered in a neuronavigational system and could replace somatosensory evoked potentials in detection of the central sulcus.
Reversible Posterior Leukoencephalopathy Occurring during Resection of a Posterior Fossa Tumor: Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Moriarity John L. , Lim Michael , Storm Phillip B. , Beauchamp Norman J. , Olivi Alessandro 
Published: July 2004

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE AND IMPORTANCE
Our goal was to present a clinically and radiographically documented case of reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy (RPL) that occurred during resection of a posterior fossa tumor. Although RPL has been previously described in multiple nonsurgical settings, we hope that this case description makes RPL more clinically and radiographically recognizable to neurosurgeons.

CLINICAL PRESENTATION
RPL is the clinical syndrome of headaches, altered mental status, seizures, and visual loss, with radiographic findings of reversible parieto-occipital changes on cerebral computed tomographic and magnetic resonance imaging scans. It has been previously reported in the settings of malignant hypertension, renal disease, eclampsia, and immunosuppression. To our knowledge, the patient presented represents the first clinically and radiographically documented case of RPL occurring during resection of a posterior fossa tumor. The patient intraoperatively exhibited wide fluctuations in blood pressure and awoke with clinical and radiographic findings consistent with RPL.

INTERVENTION
Aggressive intraoperative and postoperative management of the patient's blood pressure, supportive intensive care, rehabilitation, and close radiographic follow-up were performed.

CONCLUSION
RPL can occur as a result of intraoperative variations in blood pressure, even among young, previously healthy individuals. With the aforementioned interventions, the patient experienced significant clinical and radiographic recovery.
The Juxtaposition of a Capillary Telangiectasia, Cavernous Malformation, and Developmental Venous Anomaly in the Brainstem of a Single Patient: Case Report
Authors: Clatterbuck Richard E. , Elmacı İlhan , Rigamonti Daniele 
Published: July 2004

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE AND IMPORTANCE
Capillary telangiectasias, cavernous malformations, and developmental venous anomalies are all vascular malformations that occur on the capillary-venous side of the cerebral circulation. The associations of capillary telangiectasias with venous malformations, cavernous malformations with venous malformations, and capillary telangiectasias with cavernous malformations have all been described; however, the association of all three lesions in a single patient is extremely rare.

CLINICAL PRESENTATION
A 52 year-old Caucasian woman presented to our clinic with an extended history of confusion, distorted visual perceptions, photophobia, neck pain, swallowing problems, and poor balance. The patient's examination was remarkable for difficulty concentrating, mild rotatory nystagmus, subtle decreased sensation over the left side of the face and body, and brisk reflexes. Review of the patient's magnetic resonance imaging examination demonstrated a cavernous malformation, a capillary telangiectasia, and a developmental venous anomaly located adjacent to one another in the brainstem.

INTERVENTION
Given the patient's complex constellation of symptoms and relatively mild neurological findings, it was difficult to ascribe any one of them to a specific vascular malformation. Conservative management of this patient's vascular malformations was decided upon.

CONCLUSION
Juxtaposition of these three different vascular lesions in the brainstem of an otherwise normal individual suggests a relationship among them. Although there are several theories that link similar associations through physiological mechanisms such as venous hypertension, we propose that a developmental event disrupting local capillary-venous pattern formation is a plausible alternative.
Successful Embolization of a Spinal Perimedullary Arteriovenous Fistula with Cellulose Acetate Polymer Solution: Technical Case Report
Authors: Sugiu Kenji , Meguro Toshinari , Nakashiama Hiroyuki , Ohmoto Takashi 
Published: July 2004

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE AND IMPORTANCE
Spinal perimedullary arteriovenous fistulae are rarely reported in the literature and can be treated via both endovascular and direct surgical approaches. Coils, glues, and balloons have all been used to embolize these fistulae. Cellulose acetate polymer (CAP) solution is a liquid embolic material that was originally developed for thrombosis of cerebral aneurysms. This is the first report of CAP solution being used to treat a spinal perimedullary arteriovenous fistula, with changes in the viscosity of the solution.

CLINICAL PRESENTATION
A 15-year-old boy experienced spinal subarachnoid hemorrhage without any neurological deficits. A radiological examination revealed a spinal perimedullary arteriovenous fistula (Type 2) at the L1 level.

INTERVENTION
Transarterial embolization was performed with local anesthesia. The microcatheter was navigated through the anterior spinal artery to a site just proximal to the fistula. After provocative testing demonstrated negative results, CAP solution was injected and the fistula was completely closed, without complications. The patient experienced an uneventful postoperative course.

CONCLUSION
We describe the usefulness of CAP solution in the treatment of a spinal perimedullary arteriovenous fistula. This procedure must be performed for a larger series of patients for assessment of its long-term results.
Percutaneous Carotid Angioplasty and Stenting with the Use of Gadolinium in Lieu of Iodinated Contrast Medium: Technical Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Amar Arun Paul , Larsen Donald W. , Teitelbaum George P. 
Published: July 2004

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE AND IMPORTANCE
We describe a patient who underwent percutaneous transluminal carotid angioplasty and stent placement with the use of intra-arterial gadolinium (Gd-DTPA) instead of iodinated contrast medium. This represents one of the first published reports of the use of Gd-DTPA as an angiographic contrast agent for an interventional neuroradiological procedure.

CLINICAL PRESENTATION
A 75-year-old man with renal insufficiency and multiple comorbidities developed amaurosis fugax. Doppler examination revealed high-grade stenosis of the right internal carotid artery.

INTERVENTION
The patient underwent percutaneous transluminal balloon angioplasty with endovascular stent placement for 95% narrowing of the proximal right internal carotid artery. Because of his impaired renal function, the procedure was performed with the use of Gd-DTPA as the sole contrast agent. Approximately 60 ml of contrast medium (twice the volume typically used for a magnetic resonance imaging study) was used. There were no neurological, renal, or other complications.

CONCLUSION
Intra-arterially administered Gd-DTPA may be substituted for iodinated contrast agents in complex neuroendovascular procedures. This capacity expands the armamentarium for interventional neuroradiological procedures.
Peritoneography in the Assessment of Peritoneal Cerebrospinal Fluid Absorption Potential for Distal Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt Catheter Placement: Technical Case Report
Authors: McAuley David , Dick Alistair C. , Paterson Annie 
Published: July 2004

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE AND IMPORTANCE
Distal ventriculoperitoneal shunt failure has been associated with absorption failure secondary to previous peritonitis. This assumption has caused surgeons to seek alternate sites for distal catheter placement. We propose that the absorptive potential of the peritoneal cavity should be assessed before that site is discounted for catheter placement.

CLINICAL PRESENTATION
The case of a 14-month-old male patient is presented, demonstrating multiple ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement procedures and a diagnostic dilemma with respect to distal shunt placement. Peritoneography was performed to demonstrate peritoneal fluid absorption, allowing subsequent placement of a new distal shunt catheter with good clinical results.

TECHNIQUE
Using aseptic technique, a 24-gauge spinal needle was inserted in the midline of the abdomen and water-soluble contrast material was instilled. Delayed radiographs delineated peritoneal adhesions and demonstrated renal excretion of the contrast material, confirming peritoneal absorption.

CONCLUSION
The peritoneal cavity remains the site of choice for distal shunt catheter placement. If failure of peritoneal cerebrospinal fluid absorption is suspected as a cause of shunt failure, then peritoneography with water-soluble contrast material may be safely used to demonstrate the adequacy of fluid absorption before a secondary site is chosen.
Intralesional Resection of Primary and Metastatic Sarcoma Involving the Spine: Outcome Analysis of 59 Patients
Authors: Bilsky Mark H. , Boland Patrick J. , Panageas Katherine S. , Woodruff James M. , Brennan Murray F. , Healey John H. 
Published: July 2004

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE
Surgery plays an important role in achieving local tumor control and cure for primary and metastatic tumors of the spine. As has been established with regard to sarcomas at extraspinal sites, these goals may best be achieved by en bloc resection with negative histological margins. Unfortunately, sarcomas of the spine often present with tumor patterns that are amenable only to intralesional resection, if neurological preservation is a priority. This study is a retrospective analysis of the long-term outcomes of patients who had operations for sarcomas of the spine using modern surgical approaches, intralesional resections, and spinal instrumentation.

METHODS
Between 1985 and 1997, 59 patients had spinal operations for sarcoma involving the extrasacral spine. Data regarding tumor histology, grade, surgical indications, patterns of spinal tumor involvement, and neurological and functional outcomes were reviewed at presentation and at tumor recurrence.

RESULTS
Thirty-five patients underwent a single operation, and 24 patients required reoperation for locally recurrent tumors. At presentation, only nine patients (15%) had tumors that were amenable to marginal or wide resections. Functional outcomes after initial spinal surgery and after operations performed at first tumor recurrence showed that 95% of patients had maintained or regained ambulation. Intradural extension of tumor was seen in 5 of 12 patients who had three or more operations for locally recurrent disease. The median survival from first spine operation was 18 months, and the median event-free interval between the first and second spine operations was 13 months.

CONCLUSION
Surgery for sarcoma of the spine is useful for maintaining or improving neurological and functional outcomes, but local tumor recurrences are common. Because of the anatomy of the tumor at presentation and concern for neurological preservation, few patients are candidates for marginal or wide resections.
Reduced-dose Radiosurgery for Vestibular Schwannomas
Authors: Petit Joshua H. , Hudes Richard S. , Chen T. Timothy , Eisenberg Howard M. , Simard J. Marc , Chin Lawrence S. 
Published: July 2004

ABSTRACTOBJECTIVETo evaluate tumor control and complications associated with low-dose radiosurgery for vestibular schwannomas.METHODSBetween December 1993 and January 2000, 47 patients with vestibular schwannomas were treated at our center with gamma knife radiosurgery. The marginal tumor doses ranged from 7.5 to 14.0 Gy (median, 12.0 Gy) for patients treated after microsurgery and from 10.0 to 15.0 Gy (median, 12.0 Gy) for patients in whom radiosurgery was the primary treatment. The median maximum tumor diameter was 18 mm (range, 3–50 mm). Evaluation included audiometry, neurological examination, and serial imaging tests. A survey was conducted at the time of analysis.RESULTSFollow-up data were available for 45 patients and ranged from 1 to 7 years (median, 3.6 yr). In 43 patients (96%), tumor control (no radiographic progression or surgical resection) was observed. All 33 previously untreated patients had tumor control. Transient facial weakness, experienced in two patients (4%), had resolved completely within 6 months. No patient developed trigeminal neuropathy. Hearing was diminished from baseline in 12% of patients with useful hearing (Gardner-Robertson Class III). However, all patients with pretreatment hearing Gardner-Robertson Class I or II maintained testable hearing (Class I to III) at the most recent examination.CONCLUSIONLow-dose radiosurgery in this series provided comparable local control and decreased incidences of complications in relation to other reports. Additional follow-up will allow more definitive conclusions to be reached regarding the ultimate rates of tumor control and hearing preservation. Nevertheless, the current dose used for vestibular schwannomas at the University of Maryland Medical Center is 12.0 Gy to the tumor periphery.
Delayed Cerebrovascular Complications of Intrathecal Colloidal Gold
Authors: Nussbaum Eric S. , Sebring Leslie A. , Neglia Joseph P. , Chu Ray , Mattsen Nancy D. , Erickson Donald L. 
Published: July 2004

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE
Therapy with intrathecal colloidal gold has been used in the past as an adjunct in the treatment of childhood neoplasms, including medulloblastoma and leukemia. We describe the long-term follow-up period of a series of patients treated with intrathecal colloidal gold and emphasize the high incidence of delayed cerebrovascular complications and their management.

METHODS
Between 1967 and 1970, 14 children with posterior fossa medulloblastoma underwent treatment at the University of Minnesota. Treatment consisted of surgical resection, external beam radiotherapy, and intrathecal colloidal gold. All patients underwent long-term follow-up periods.

RESULTS
Of the 14 original patients, 6 died within 2 years of treatment; all experienced persistent or recurrent disease. The eight surviving patients developed significant neurovascular complications 5 to 20 years after treatment. Three patients died as a result of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage, and five developed ischemic symptoms from severe vasculopathy that resembled moyamoya disease.

CONCLUSION
Although therapy with colloidal gold resulted in long-term survival in a number of cases of childhood medulloblastoma, our experience suggests that the severe cerebrovascular side effects fail to justify its use. The unique complications associated with colloidal gold therapy, as well as the management of these complications, are presented. We recommend routine screening of any long-term survivors to exclude the presence of an intracranial aneurysm and to document the possibility of moyamoya syndrome.
Immediate Stiffness of the C5–C6 Segment after Discectomy with the Cloward Technique: An in Vitro Biomechanical Study on a Human Cadaveric Model
Authors: Maciejczak Andrzej , Ciach Michał , Radek Maciej , Radek Andrzej , Awrejcewicz Jan 
Published: July 2004

ABSTRACTOBJECTIVETo determine whether the Cloward technique of cervical discectomy and fusion increases immediate postoperative stiffness of single cervical motion segment after application of interbody dowel bone graft.METHODSWe measured and compared the stiffness of single-motion segments in cadaveric cervical spines before and immediately after interbody fusion with the Cloward technique. Changes in range of motion and stiffness of the C5–C6 segment were measured in a bending flexibility test (flexion, extension, lateral bending and axial rotation) before and after a Cloward procedure in 11 fresh-frozen human cadaveric specimens from the 4th through the 7th vertebrae.RESULTSThe Cloward procedure produced a statistically significant increase in stiffness of the operated segment in flexion and lateral bending when compared with the intact spine. The less stiff the segment before the operation, the greater the increase in its postoperative flexural stiffness (statistically significant). The Cloward procedure produced nonuniform changes in rotational and extensional stiffness that increased in some specimens and decreased in others.CONCLUSIONOur data demonstrate that Cloward interbody fusion increases immediate postoperative stiffness of an operated segment only in flexion and lateral bending in cadaveric specimens in an in vitro environment. Thus, Cloward fusion seems a relatively ineffective method for increasing the stiffness of a construct. This may add to discussion on the use of spinal instrumentation and postoperative management of patients after cervical discectomy, which varies from bracing in hard collars through immobilization in soft collars to no external orthosis.
Pseudomyasthenia Resulting from a Posterior Carotid Artery Wall Aneurysm: A Novel Presentation: Case Report
Authors: Tummala Ramachandra P. , Harrison Andrew , Madison Michael T. , Nussbaum Eric S. 
Published: July 2004

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE AND IMPORTANCE
Painful oculomotor palsy can result from enlargement or rupture of intracranial aneurysms. The IIIrd cranial nerve dysfunction in this setting, whether partial or complete, is usually fixed or progressive and is sometimes reversible with surgery. We report an unusual oculomotor manifestation of a posterior carotid artery wall aneurysm, which mimicked ocular myasthenia gravis.

CLINICAL PRESENTATION
A 47-year-old woman developed painless, intermittent, partial IIIrd cranial nerve palsy. She presented with isolated episodic left-sided ptosis, which initially suggested a metabolic or neuromuscular disorder. However, digital subtraction angiography revealed a left posterior carotid artery wall aneurysm, just proximal to the origin of the posterior communicating artery.

INTERVENTION
The aneurysm was successfully clipped via a pterional craniotomy. During surgery, the aneurysm was observed to be compressing the oculomotor nerve. The patient's symptoms resolved after the operation.

CONCLUSION
The variability of incomplete IIIrd cranial nerve deficits can present a diagnostic challenge, and the approach for patients with isolated IIIrd cranial nerve palsies remains controversial. Although intracranial aneurysms compressing the oculomotor nerve classically produce fixed or progressive IIIrd cranial nerve palsies with pupillary involvement, anatomic variations may result in atypical presentations. With the exception of patients who present with pupil-sparing but otherwise complete IIIrd cranial nerve palsy, clinicians should always consider an intracranial aneurysm when confronted with even subtle dysfunction of the oculomotor nerve.
Basilar Apex Aneurysms: Surgical Results and Perspectives from an Initial Experience
Authors: Lawton Michael T. 
Published: July 2004

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE
To demonstrate that well-trained neurosurgeons can successfully treat patients with basilar apex aneurysms, to encourage young neurosurgeons in appropriate clinical environments to develop this expertise, and to describe a personal experience with an initial series.

METHODS
In a consecutive series of 500 aneurysms treated surgically over 3.5 years, 57 aneurysms in 56 patients were located at the basilar apex, 47% of which were large or giant in size.

RESULTS
Most aneurysms (77%) were treated by direct clipping through an orbitozygomatic-pterional transsylvian approach. The surgical mortality rate was 9%, and permanent neurological morbidity associated with treatment occurred in 5%. Good outcomes (Glasgow Outcome Scale score 5 or 4) were achieved in 84%. Good outcomes increased from 79% in the first half of the series to 90% in the second half, and the mortality rate decreased from 21 to 4%.

CONCLUSION
Young neurosurgeons can acquire technical proficiency with basilar apex aneurysms while achieving optimal patient outcomes. Young neurosurgeons with the right training, talent, and temperament are needed to deal with those patients with basilar aneurysms who require surgery and with a possible shortage of basilar aneurysm surgeons in the future. The learning curve is characterized by increased temporary clipping, better perforator dissection, and more sophisticated permanent clipping technique. The path to proficiency can be as demanding mentally as it is technically.
Coiling of Ruptured Pericallosal Artery Aneurysms
Authors: Menovsky Tomas , van Rooij Willem Jan , Sluzewski Menno , Wijnalda Douwe 
Published: July 2004

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE
To assess the technical feasibility of treating ruptured pericallosal artery aneurysms with detachable coils and to evaluate the anatomic and clinical results.

METHODS
Over a period of 27 months, 12 patients with a ruptured pericallosal artery aneurysm were treated with detachable coils. A retrospective review was performed to assess the clinical and angiographic results. The three men and nine women had a mean age of 46.6 years (range, 35–75 yr). Seven patients presented in Hunt and Hess Grade II, three in Grade III, and two in Grade IV. Six patients had a concomitant intracerebral hematoma, and four had at least one additional aneurysm.

RESULTS
In all 12 patients, the pericallosal aneurysm could be reached with a microcatheter and the coils delivered. No procedure-related complications occurred. Angiography demonstrated that the initial occlusion was complete in 11 aneurysms and near-complete in 1. At follow-up angiography at 6 months, one aneurysm had become partially recanalized owing to coil compaction. At a mean clinical follow-up of 9.2 months, 11 patients had an excellent outcome and one patient had mild hemiparesis and aphasia.

CONCLUSION
Coiling of ruptured pericallosal artery aneurysms can be considered an alternative to surgical clipping.