bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
70 Comparison of MCCB Autocorrelations Between Schizophrenia and Healthy Comparison Populations
Authors: Henneke Max , Sturm Emily T. , Duffy John R. , Sares Anastasia , Mendez-Colmenares Andrea , Sarabia Lauren , Delao Eve , Mitchell Tessa , Manavi Raana , Thomas Michael L. 
Published: December 2023

Objective:Deficits in cognitive ability are common among patients with schizophrenia. The MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB) was designed to assess cognitive ability in studies of patients diagnosed with schizophrenia and has demonstrated high test-retest reliability with minimal practice effects, even in multi-site trials. However, given the motivational challenges associated with schizophrenia, it is unknown whether performance on MCCB tasks affects performance at later stages of testing. The goal of this study was to determine whether there are differences between people with and without schizophrenia in how their performance on individual MCCB tasks influences their performance throughout the battery.Participants and Methods:The sample comprised 92 total participants including 49 cognitively healthy comparison participants and 43 outpatients diagnosed with schizophrenia. The mean age of participants was 44.2 years (SD = 12.0, range 21–69) and 61% identified as male. The Trail Making Test, Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia, Hopkins Verbal Learning Test – Revised, Letter-Number Span, and Category Fluency from the MCCB were administered in the same order at 2 different sites and studies from 2016–2022. The autocorrelation between t-scores for task scores within each participant was computed and then compared between control and outpatient participants to determine if there are differences between groups. Group mean t-scores for each task were also compared between groups.Results:We found no significant difference in autocorrelations across MCCB tasks between healthy comparison participants and outpatients. However, mean performance in all tasks was lower for the outpatient group than for the healthy comparison group. None of the tasks used stood out as having significantly lower mean scores than other tasks for either group.Conclusions:Our findings suggest that performance on individual MCCB tasks do not affect performance throughout the battery differently between the healthy comparison group and outpatients. This suggests that participants with schizophrenia are not particularly reactive to past performance on MCCB tasks. Additionally, this finding further supports use of the MCCB in this population. Further research is needed to determine whether subgroups of patients and/or different batteries of measures show different patterns of reactivity.
11 Adaptation of the Children’s Cognitive Screening Instrument (CCoSI) for use with Video Teleconferencing
Authors: Amawi Laila , Marsh Alexander , Bishop Molly , Wright Ingram 
Published: December 2023

Objective:The CCoSI is a brief screening instrument that is designed to detect cognitive impairment in children aged 5y0m-16y11m shortly after acquired brain injury (ABI) by evaluating language, fluency, attention, memory, and visuospatial domains. Each domain translates to a CCoSI index and is composed of a series of brief subtests. This study assessed the feasibility of modifying the Children’s Cognitive Screening Instrument (CCoSI) into an electronic version (eCCoSI) and administering it using video teleconferencing (VTC).Participants and Methods:Tasks and stimuli were modified for online administration. Typically developing children aged 5y0m-16y11 m were tested using the modified eCCoSI via VTC. The eCCoSI was administered using Skype for Business and Microsoft Teams. Participants attended one 25-minute video assessment session over either platform. Results of VTC-assessed healthy controls were compared to age-matched peers ([25] Female: [19] Male; mean age = [11.54], SD = [3.01], age range =5.00-15.75) who had been previously tested face-to-face (FTF) with the original CCoSI at the Bristol Royal Hospital for Children (BRHC).Age-related trends in performance were also examined across FTF and VTC for comparability.Results:44 typically developing children were virtually assessed ([25] Female: [19] Male; mean age = [11.79], SD = [3.03], age range =5.05-16.92). Results from a 2x2 ANOVA with age-group and modality as independent factors showed no significant difference in performance between participants tested FTF and VTC over the CCoSI Attention, Fluency, Language, Memory, and Visuospatial indices. No significant result of interaction between age and modality was found; however, there was a significant result of age-group.Conclusions:VTC assessment is a feasible alternative to FTF administration of the CCoSI within healthy controls. Results from the present study are promising for the use of the eCCoSI in clinical practice. Further research should attempt to replicate these results within clinical populations.
31 Investigating Race and Performance on the Verbal Naming Test
Authors: Jeffrey Mary , Wilson Kelsey , Yochim Brian 
Published: December 2023

Objective:Dysnomia may be one of the earlier neuropsychological signs of Alzheimer’ disease (Cullum & Liff, 2014), making it an essential part of dementia evaluations. The Verbal Naming (VNT) is a verbal naming-to-definition task designed to assess possible dysnomia in older adults (Yochim et al., 2015) and has been used as an alternative to tasks that predominately rely on picture-naming paradigms. These researchers investigated the influences of age, educational level, cognitive diagnosis, educational quality, and race to examine if race would be a remaining significant factor in the performance of the VNT.Participants and Methods:Black (n=57) and White (n=127) participant data were collected during clinical neuropsychological evaluations, which included the VNT alongside other cognitive measures. A multiple regression was utilized controlling for age, educational level, cognitive diagnosis, educational quality via reading level, and race to investigate if race would remain a significant predictor of test performance.Results:Results suggested that race was still a significant predictor (p = .003) of VNT scores despite efforts to control other sources of variance. Additionally, other cognitive measures such as WAIS-IV Block Design (p = .004) and D-KEFS Tower Test (p = .004) also showed statistically significant relationships with race in the same model, whereas verbal memory (CVLT) and verbal fluency (D-KEFS) did not. The NAB Naming analysis violated the assumption of homoscedasticity; therefore, results with the NAB Naming test were not further interpreted.Conclusions:These results suggest that race is a significant predictor of performance on some cognitive measures, including the VNT. However, it did not predict performance on verbal memory or verbal fluency. Future investigations of racial differences on neuropsychological test performance would benefit from consideration of variables that may account for discrepancies between White and Black examinees. Several proxy variables could include educational quality, acculturation, and economic status.
32 Elevated Plasma pTau-181 is Associated with Lower Global Cognition and Executive Function in Older Adults
Authors: Kapoor Arunima , Ho Jean K , Dutt Shubir , Li Yanrong , Alitin John P , Jang Jung Yun , Gaubert Aimee , Nguyen Amy , Yew Belinda , Blanken Anna E , Sible Isabel J , Marshall Anisa , Shenasa Fatemah , Martini Alessandra , Rodgers Kathleen E , Head Elizabeth , Nation Daniel A 
Published: December 2023

Objective:Aggregation of phosphorylated tau (pTau) is a hallmark feature of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Novel assays now allow pTau to be measured in plasma. Elevated plasma pTau predicts subsequent development of AD, cortical atrophy and AD-related pathologies in the brain. We aimed to determine whether elevated pTau is associated with cognitive functioning in older adults prior to the development of dementia.Participants and Methods:Independently living older adults (N = 48, mean age = 70.0 years; SD = 7.7; age range 55-88 years; 35.4% male) free of dementia or clinical stroke were recruited from the community and underwent blood draw and neuropsychological assessment. Plasma was assayed using the Quanterix Simoa® pTau-181 V2 Advantage Kit to quantify pTau-181 levels and APOE genotyping was conducted on the blood cell pellet fraction obtained from plasma separation. Global cognition was assessed using the Dementia Rating Scale-2 (DRS-2) and executive function was assessed using the Stroop, D-KEFS-2 Fluency, and Trails Making Test. Diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) was determined based on overall neuropsychological performance. Participants were diagnosed as MCI if they scored >1 SD below norm-referenced values on 2 or more tests within a domain (language, executive, memory) or on 3 tests across domains.Results:Multiple linear regression analysis revealed a significant negative association between plasma pTau-181 levels and DRS-2 (B = -2.57, 95% CI (-3.68, -1.47), p <.001), Stroop Color-Word score (B = -2.64, 95% CI (-4.56, - 0.71), p = .009) and Fruits and Vegetables Fluency (B = -1.67, 95% CI (-2.84, -0.49), p = .007), adjusting for age, sex, education and APOE4 status. MCI diagnosis was determined for 43 participants, of which 8 (18.6%) met criteria. Logistic regression analysis revealed that pTau-181 levels are associated with increased odds of MCI diagnosis (OR = 2.18, 95% CI (1.01, 4.68), p = .046), after accounting for age, sex, education and APOE4 status.Conclusions:Elevated plasma pTau-181 is associated with worse cognition, particularly executive function, and predicts MCI diagnosis in older adults. Higher plasma pTau-181 was associated with increased odds of MCI diagnosis. Detection of pTau-181 in plasma allows a novel, non-invasive method to detect burden of one form of AD pathology. These findings lend support to the use of plasma pTau-181 as a valuable marker in detecting even early cognitive changes prior to the development of AD. Additional longitudinal studies are warranted to explore the prognostic value of plasma pTau-181 over time.
RIGID STABLE VECTOR BUNDLES ON HYPERKÄHLER VARIETIES OF TYPE
$K3^{[n]}$
Authors: O’Grady Kieran G. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWe prove existence and unicity of slope-stable vector bundles on a general polarized hyperkähler (HK) variety of type
$K3^{[n]}$
with certain discrete invariants, provided the rank and the first two Chern classes of the vector bundle satisfy certain equalities. The latter hypotheses at first glance appear to be quite restrictive, but, in fact, we might have listed almost all slope-stable rigid projectively hyperholomorphic vector bundles on polarized HK varieties of type
$K3^{[n]}$
with
$20$
moduli.
“I’m Done”: A patient’s wish and will to die
Authors: Ancy Kayley M. , Azhar Ahsan , Guzman Gutierrez Diana , Bruera Eduardo 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundA desire for hastened death is commonly expressed by cancer patients. Although efforts to define and explore this issue have been undertaken, no standardized approach exists to address these desires.Case descriptionMs. J expressed a wish for accelerated death and subsequently experienced unexpected clinical decline resulting in a quick, natural death. Our team experienced a mixture of both emotional distress and awe after witnessing the pragmatic approach our patient had to her impending decline, that we felt was worthy of further exploration.ConclusionMost clinicians lack formal training in communication, potentially making cases like Ms. J’s highly distressing. Clinicians should feel comfortable addressing and potentially inquiring about patients’ desire to hasten death. While our initial reaction might be to correct this desire, we propose reframing this expression as an opportunity to explore more about our patients.
Winter Cloudy Days Will Diminish Over China Under Global Warming
Authors: Tan Hui , Zhu Zhiwei , Miao Lijuan , Long Jingchao 
Published: December 2023

AbstractChanges in winter cloudy days (CDs) exert substantial impacts on agricultural production, public transport, and the solar photovoltaic (PV) power industry. However, the physical mechanism behind the variability of winter CDs over China remains largely unclear, making it challenging to predict the future dynamics of winter CDs. In this study, we explored the spatiotemporal features of winter CDs over China from 1961 to 2013 and identified two independent formation mechanisms associated with its leading mode. Then, we projected the future changes (2021–2099) in winter CDs under global warming constrained by the identified formation mechanisms. Results revealed that: (a) The leading mode of winter CDs from 1961 to 2013 presents a homogeneous pattern. The positive winter CDs anomaly is connected to the anomalous southerlies related to the Eurasian Rossby wave train triggered by the Barents Sea thermal forcing, as well as the Asia‐Pacific zonal geopotential height gradient induced by the convection over the Maritime Continent; (b) Selected state‐of‐the‐art climate models project a notable decrease in winter CDs in the Tibetan Plateau and southern China regions, and almost unchanged winter CDs over northern China, under global warming; (c) In contrast to present‐day mechanisms, in the future, the shift of the Eurasian mean flow will terminate the role of the Barents Sea thermal forcing. Instead, the enhanced convection over the Maritime Continent emerges as the primary contributor to the decline in winter CDs. Our findings provide valuable insights for policymakers in the solar PV industry, particularly in relation to the challenges faced under global warming.
Modeling Ice Melt Rates From Seawater Intrusions in the Grounding Zone of Petermann Gletscher, Greenland
Authors: Gadi R. , Rignot E. , Menemenlis D. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractSatellite radar interferometry data reveals that the grounding line of Petermann Glacier, Greenland migrates by several kilometers during the tidal cycle, bringing pressurized, subsurface, warm ocean waters in regular contact with a large sector of grounded ice. We use the Massachusetts Institute of Technology general circulation model in two dimensions to calculate the ice melt rates as a function of grounding zone (GZ) length and ocean Thermal Forcing (TF). Ice melt rates are found to be higher in the GZ cavity than anywhere else in the ice shelf cavity. The melt rates increase sub‐linearly with the length of the GZ and ocean TF. The model results agree well with remote sensing estimates of ice melt. High basal ice melt rates in tidally flushed grounding zones imply that marine‐terminating glaciers are more sensitive to ocean TF than anticipated, which will increase their projected contribution to sea level rise.
Efficient Resonant Fast‐Alfvén Wave Coupling as a Minimization Principle
Authors: Wright Andrew N. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe resonant coupling of the fast magnetosonic wave to the Alfvén wave is considered in the ideal magnetohydrodynamic limit in a 3D equilibrium. It has previously been shown that the most efficient coupling occurs on particular paths that satisfy the “tangential alignment condition” (Wright et al., 2022, https://doi.org/10.1029/2022ja030294). In this article we show how this criterion is equivalent to a minimization principle which may lead to a deeper understanding of the physics of the wave coupling process.
A Complex Region of Europa's Surface With Hints of Recent Activity Revealed by Juno's Stellar Reference Unit
Authors: Becker Heidi N. , Lunine Jonathan I. , Schenk Paul M. , Florence Meghan M. , Brennan Martin J. , Hansen Candice J. , Martos Yasmina M. , Bolton Scott J. , Alexander James W. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractOn 29 September 2022 Juno's low‐light sensitive Stellar Reference Unit (SRU) captured a high‐resolution (256–340 m/pixel) broadband (450–1,100 nm) visible image of Europa's icy surface during the first close flyby of the Jovian moon since Galileo's last encounter in 2000. Collected at a sub‐spacecraft altitude of 412 km while the surface was illuminated only by Jupiter‐shine (incidence angle: 48–51°), the SRU image reveals a 3 × 104 km2 region between ∼0°–6°N and 43.5°–51°W in remarkable detail at the highest resolution to date. Prior coverage by Galileo under high‐sun conditions at 1 km resolution led to the characterization of the terrain as ridged plains with undifferentiated linea. The SRU image reveals a much richer and more complex picture. Intricate networks of cross‐cutting ridges and lineated bands surround an intriguing 37 km (east‐west) by 67 km (north‐south) chaos feature with a concentric fracture system, depressed matrix margins, and low‐albedo materials potentially associated with brine infiltration. The morphology and local relief of the chaos feature are consistent with formation in the collapse of ice overlying a salt‐rich lens of subsurface water. Low‐albedo deposits, similar to features previously associated with hypothesized cryovolcanic plume activity, flank nearby ridges. The SRU's high‐resolution view of many types of features in a single image allows us to explore their regional context and greatly improve the geologic mapping of this part of Europa's surface. The image reveals several relatively youthful features in a potentially dynamic region, providing baselines for candidate locations that future missions can investigate for present day surface activity.
Impact Behavior of Dense Debris Flows Regulated by Pore‐Pressure Feedback
Authors: Song Dongri , Chen Xiaoqing , Sadeghi Hamed , Zhong Wei , Hu Huawei , Liu Wei 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe impact dynamics of dilute debris flows (typically volumetric solid fractions<50%) have been extensively investigated within the framework of hydraulics. For dense debris flows, the impact mechanisms have been poorly studied. From a geotechnical viewpoint, the feedback between granular dilatancy and pore‐pressure response may play an important role in the dense debris‐flow regime. In this study, the impact behavior of dense and dilute debris flows in an instrumented flume is analyzed. The basal stresses (normal/shear stresses, pore‐fluid pressure) and impact pressure on a rigid barrier are measured. A time‐dependent creeping mode is observed for the impact process of slow‐moving dense debris flows, which cannot be accurately estimated using current debris‐flow load models. At the grain scale, this macroscopic creeping mode is a result of the feedback between granular dilatancy and pore‐pressure response. This feedback can be further characterized by examining the timescales associated with pore‐pressure generation and dissipation. The regulation of pore‐pressure feedback on basal shear stress, impact load, and state of static deposit is revealed. Finally, a tentative phase diagram is proposed for dense and dilute debris‐flow impact. The proposed framework complements the theory for debris‐flow impact loads.
Train, Inform, Borrow, or Combine? Approaches to Process‐Guided Deep Learning for Groundwater‐Influenced Stream Temperature Prediction
Authors: Barclay J. R. , Topp S. N. , Koenig L. E. , Sleckman M. J. , Appling A. P. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAlthough groundwater discharge is a critical stream temperature control process, it is not explicitly represented in many stream temperature models, an omission that may reduce predictive accuracy, hinder management of aquatic habitat, and decrease user confidence. We assessed the performance of a previously‐described process‐guided deep learning model of stream temperature in the Delaware River Basin (USA). We found lower accuracy (root mean square error [RMSE] of 1.71 versus 1.35°C) and stronger seasonal bias (absolute mean monthly bias of 1.06 vs. 0.68°C) for reaches primarily influenced by deep groundwater as compared to atmospheric conditions. We then tested four approaches for improving groundwater process representation: (a) a custom loss function leveraging the unique patterns of air and water temperature coupling characteristic of different temperature drivers, (b) inclusion of additional groundwater‐relevant catchment attributes, (c) incorporation of additional process model outputs, and (d) a composite model. The custom loss function and the additional attributes significantly improved the predictive accuracy in groundwater‐dominated reaches (RMSE of 1.37 and 1.26°C) and reduced the seasonal bias (absolute mean monthly bias of 0.44 and 0.48°C), but neither approach could identify holdout groundwater reaches. Variable importance analysis indicates the custom loss function nudges the model to use the existing inputs more efficiently, whereas with the added features the model relies on a broader suite of inputs. This analysis is a substantial step toward more accurately representing groundwater discharge processes in stream temperature models and will improve predictive accuracy and inform habitat management.
Inverse Modeling of Core Flood Experiments for Predictive Models of Sandstone and Carbonate Rocks
Authors: An Senyou , Wenck Nele , Manoorkar Sojwal , Berg Steffen , Taberner Conxita , Pini Ronny , Krevor Samuel 
Published: December 2023

AbstractField‐scale observations suggest that rock heterogeneities control subsurface fluid flow, and these must be characterized for accurate predictions of fluid migration, such as during CO2 sequestration. Recent efforts characterizing multiphase flow in heterogeneous rocks have focused on simulation‐based inversion of laboratory observations with X‐ray imaging. However, models produced in this way have been limited in their predictive ability for heterogeneous rocks. We address the main challenges in this approach through an algorithm that combines new developments: a 3‐parameter capillary pressure model, spatial heterogeneity in absolute permeability, improved image processing to capture more experimental data in the calibration, and the constraint of history match iterations based on marginal error improvement. We demonstrate the improvements on two sandstones and three carbonate rocks, with varying heterogeneity, some of which could not be previously modeled. The algorithm results in physically representative models of the rock cores, reducing non‐systematic error to a level comparable to the experimental uncertainty.
Reinterpreting Global GRACE Trends Based on Century‐Long GRACE‐REC Data
Authors: Zhong Yulong , Tian Baoming , Vishwakarma Bramha Dutt , Feng Wei , Wu Yunlong , Bai Hongbing , Zhong Min 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAssessing changes in freshwater availability accurately is crucial for societal development. Previous studies have examined long‐term variations in basin‐scale terrestrial water storage (TWS) using Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) mission data. However, different basins exhibit distinct spatial and temporal TWS variation patterns. To better interpret the TWS trends in each basin during the GRACE era (2003–2016), this study proposes a novel criterion based on a century‐long GRACE‐REC data set. This criterion assesses the trends in GRACE TWS (TrendG), precipitation‐induced trends (TrendPI), and non‐precipitation‐induced trends (TrendNPI) over the GRACE period. By calculating upper and lower bound values for long‐term climate‐driven TWS trends using GRACE‐REC data, an indicator is provided to evaluate the range of TWS trend variations in a basin under natural conditions. Results reveal that among the 266 global basins analyzed in this study, the trends (TrendG, TrendPI, or TrendNPI) in 115 basins exceed the maximum or minimum water storage trends associated with natural climate variability. This includes 20 large basins, 34 medium basins, and 61 small basins, indicating significant TWS changes during the GRACE period. Furthermore, we analyze the driving mechanisms of TWS trends in the 20 large basins using multi‐source data. The mechanisms identified through this method align well with both our analysis and previous studies, confirming the reliability of this approach for assessing TWS trends.