bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rational Choice: The Basic Errors
Authors: Bruce Steve 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
THE previous two chapters have looked very closely at the recent fate of religion in a wide variety of settings. In addition to considering the British and US data that the supply-siders have themselves advanced to support their rational choice approach, I have tried to test the general claims about the effects of diversity and state regulation on religious vitality by looking at a range of continental European societies clustered so that their salient features could become apparent. With all due recognition of the considerable variation in the quality of the available data, I conclude that the observations made by Stark and his colleagues that are useful are invariably those also made by scholars outside the rational choice perspective. Those ideas particular to the ‘new paradigm’, as it advertises itself, find little or no support in the evidence presented here. I now want to pick up the critical threads from the end of Chapter 2 and pursue them to the point where we can understand in what sort of society the rational choice approach might work and thus come to a clear understanding of why it fails to work in most of the settings described in Chapters 3 and 4.
Non-resident fathers in Britain
Authors: Bradshaw Jonathan , Stimson Carol , Skinner Christine , Williams Julie 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
One of the consequences of the changes taking place in families today is an increase in non-resident fatherhood.1 Non-resident fathers emerge in one (or more) of three ways: a single man has sexual relations with a woman, which results in her becoming pregnant and carrying the baby to term; a married couple separate after the wife becomes pregnant or after becoming parents; and a cohabiting couple separate, either following pregnancy or the birth of a child. Non-marital births and relationship breakdowns are still on the increase.
Implementing Cooperative Strategy: A Model from the Private Sector
Authors: Boddy David , Macbeth Douglas , Wagner Beverly 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
There is clear evidence that many attempts at significant organizational change do not achieve what their promoters hoped for. Boddy et al. (1998) conducted a questionnaire survey of 100 companies that had attempted to introduce supply-chain partnering. Less than half of the respondents considered that their organization had been successful in implementing the change. Other studies of change tell a similar story. Kearney (1992) and the Economist Intelligence Unit (1992) found a high failure rate when European companies adopted Total Quality Management (fQM) systems. Wastell, White, and K.awalek (1994) concluded that ‘Business Process Re-engineering (BPR) initiatives have typically achieved much less than promised’ (p. 230). As Burnes observed, ‘even well established change initiatives, for which a great deal of information, advice and assistance is available, are no guarantee of success’ (Burnes, 1996; 172-3).
Cooperative Relationship Strategy in Global Information Technology Out-sourcing: The Case of Xerox Corporation
Authors: kern Thomas , Willcocks leslie p. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Information technology (IT) out-sourcing is a decision taken by an organization to contract-out or sell the organization’s IT assets, people, and/or activities to a third party vendor, who in return provides managed services for an agreed time period and monetary fee (Lacity and Hirschheim, 1993; Loh and Venkatraman, 1992). Out-sourcing as such is not a new concept; it has been around in the form of application development contracts, in facilities management agreements, and time-sharing deals for several decades (Earl, 1991, 1996). More recently, though, it has become increasingly popular with the drive for organizational core competencies (Prahalad and Hamel, 1990). Its rapid growth since Eastman Kodak’s watershed total out-sourcing arrangement in 1989-to an estimated 1999 total of global market revenues of over $80 billion with an annual growth rate of 15 per cent (IDC, 1998; Willcocks and Lacity, 1998)-has ensured it receives extensive world-wide business attention (see, for example, Applegate and Montealegre, 1991; Cross, 1995; Huber, 1993).
Interpersonal Relationships in International Strategic Alliances: Cross-Cultural Exchanges and Contextual Factors
Authors: Olk Paul , Earley p. Christopher 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The proliferation of international strategic alliances has led researchers to develop explanations for the formation and management of these hybrid structures. The proposed accounts for an alliance-two or more organiza¬ tions pooling resources to create a new, legal entity-have typically centered on the nature of the technology (Williamson, 1991), the strategies of the organizations pursuing the alliance (Harrigan, 1986), or the home countries represented by the partnering organizations (Gomes-Casseras, 1990). Ignored in most of these analyses is the role of interpersonal relationships.
Joint Venture Trust: Interpersonal, Inter-Group, and Inter-Firm Levels
Authors: Currall Steven c. , Inkpen Andrew c. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Breakdowns in the value creation process in joint ventures QVs) often stem from problems in managing interdependencies. A lack of trust between partners is one such problem (Borys and Jemison, 1989). Our assessment of the extant literature indicates that, despite substantial conceptual and empirical writings, confusion exists regarding the interpretation of research findings in the area of JV trust. A key reason why this confusion exists is that researchers have devoted little attention to issues of level. Building on the theoretical foundation of the ‘cooperating behaviour’ perspective on inter-organizational alliances (Faulkner and de Rand, chap. 1, above), the objective of this chapter is to explicate conceptual, measurement, and analysis issues associated with studying JV trust at the interpersonal, inter-group, and inter-firm levels.
Concluding Thoughts and Future Directions
Authors: Faulkner David O , rond mark de 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This volume has presented some of the significant research currently taking place in the field of cooperative strategy. The topic area may still not have reached the level of popularity in terms of books, journal articles, and academic teaching courses as has the area of competitive strategy, but it is rapidly catching up. Practising managers, politicians, legislators, and academics alike recognize that without cooperation the probability of survival in a globalizing, turbulent, and increasingly technologically sophisticated world is slim. Whilst competition must still weed out the inefficient, today’s wealth creators and resource allocators can no longer afford to regard the rest of the world as enemies to be defeated in a battle for economic supremacy.
Career Boundaries in a ‘Boundaryless’ World
Authors: Gunz Hugh , Evans Martin , Jalland Michael 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Boundary less ness has become a fashionable concept in organizational analysis, perhaps because it fits the Zeitgeist. Globalization, we are constantly reminded, was the central theme of the latter part of the twentieth century. Those who do not become citizens of a boundary less, nationless world will lose their place in it. Echoes of this theme, although without the global canvas, can be identified in recent work identifying a new boundary lessness in careers (Arthur and Rousseau 1996). In brief, the thesis can be stated as follows: to flourish in this new environment one must become self-reliant, losing one’s dependence on the organization as the prime provider of structure to a career. Boundary less ness in careers means developing new competencies and a new architecture to careers (Arthur et al. 1995; De Fillippi and Arthur 1998).
Performance, Learning, and Development as Modes of Growth and Adaptation throughout our Lives and Careers
Authors: Boyatzis Richard E , Kolb David A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Growth occurs throughout our jobs and careers in many forms. The elimination of mandatory retirement in some countries, the flattening of organizations, global competition, the changing composition of the workforce, the complexity of balancing work and family roles, and the shifting values of the workforce are among the many forces contributing to a changing landscape of jobs and careers. This drives a need to understand what excites and stimulates an individual toward growth and adaptation throughout his or her life. In the current economic and social milieu, people are changing careers at an increasing rate (Arthur and Rousseau 1996). Different definitions of career that trace a person’s progression through several defined stages, such as those of Dalton and Thompson (1986), are not sufficient to provide insight into the complexity of the paths through multiple careers. To address this need, a general model of growth and adaptation is presented in this chapter, as applied to life and career development.
Continuing the Conversation about Career Theory and Practice
Authors: Arthur Michael B , Peiperl Maury A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In Chapter 1 we issued an invitation to join in the ‘conversation’ among this book’s contributors. We suggested four principal dichotomies that prevailed in the career studies field, and offered these dichotomies as a key for relating to the chapters to follow. The key, we anticipated, would allow for both following and joining the conversation among subsequent chapter authors from the reader’s perspective. In this brief closing chapter we offer a further invitation. It is to carry the conversation forward beyond the meeting ground that this book provides. As part of this further invitation, we reintroduce the four dichotomies covered in Chapter 1. However, we do so not to affirm the differences among intervening chapters, but rather to illustrate their level of potential agreement.
Civil Society and Democratic Renewal
Authors: Paterson Lindsay 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
IN his Theory of Moral Sentiments of 1759, Adam Smith wrote: ‘Kindness is the parent of kindness; and if to be beloved by our brethren be the great object of our ambition, the surest way of obtaining it is by our conduct to show that we really love them’ (Smith 1984 (1759]: VI, ii, 1, 19).
The argument of the present chapter is that the Scottish philosophers of the Enlightenment had a well-developed sense of mutual human obligation that is quite close to the ideas on social capital that have become popular again in academic circles recently. The purpose of making this argument is not to add a footnote to the history of the concept. It is to ask what, in fact, may happen to a political order that is founded on the principles of social capital. It is suggested, in conclusion, that the outcome of a politics based on social capital is most likely to be a tension between two versions of public-civic or state-and that a good testing ground over the next couple of decades for observing that tension will be in the conflicts and accommodations between Scottish civil society and the new Scottish parliament which was inaugurated in 1999.
Is there a Pilot in the Evolutionary Firm?
Authors: Cohendet Patrick , Llerena, Patrick , Marengo Luigi 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Since the seminal work by Nelson and Winter (1982), the evolutionary approach to the theory of the firm has made significant progress. As Coriat and Weinstein (1995) pointed out, this approach to the theory of the firm offers the unique advantage, compared with other competing theories, of providing an explanation of three key issues that are crucially important for a theoretical understanding of the firm. Thus, the evolutionary approach explains:
An Entrepreneurial Theory of the Firm
Authors: Casson Mark 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
These issues are all related, but the relationships between them are not always clear. This chapter argues that the fourth issue-the role of the entrepreneur-is the most fundamental. The theory of the entrepreneur has a distinguished pedigree in the work of Cantillon (1755), Say (1803), and Knight (1921), but its contribution to the theory of the firm has often been ignored. This is unfortunate, because theories that neglect the entrepreneurial dimension can offer only a partial explanation of the behaviour of the firm. Apparent conflicts between some of the more recent theories of the firm-such as transaction cost theories (Williamson 1985; North 1981) and resource-based theories (Foss 1997)-can be traced to a common failure to take full account of the entrepreneur. In providing a modern exposition of the entrepreneurial theory of the firm, therefore, this chapter also contributes to the debate over the relative merits of other theories.
The Growth of Firms in Theory and in Practice
Authors: Geroski Paul A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The modern theory of the firm has mainly been concerned with devising explanations of why firms exist. In fact, there is currently a broad consensus amongst economists that ‘it remains one of the most profound challenges to identify the forces that determine whether transactions are conducted within the firm as opposed to through the market’ (Moore 1992: 494). Interesting as this problem is, answering it does not actually take us very far in understanding what we observe about firms.
Knowledge Maturity of Products, Modularity, and the Vertical Boundaries of the Firm
Authors: Pfaffmann Eric 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter introduces a knowledge-based theory of vertical firm boundaries, in which ‘products’ make up the unit of analysis. Such an analytical framework enables examination of the processes of creating and co-ordinating productive knowledge and tasks, and exploration of the relationship between knowledge and vertical firm boundaries. From the outset, the approach to determining vertical firm boundaries is dynamic, since knowledge, tasks, and products change over time (Langlois and Robertson 1995).
Inter-Firm Collaboration: Contractual and Capabilities-Based Perspectives
Authors: Madhok Anoop 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The recognition of collaboration as an indispensable tool in the successful conduct of business today is manifested in the phenomenal increase in the number of collaborative ventures between firms in recent years, both domestic and international. Paradoxically, however, the level of dissatisfaction with their outcome, in the light of their intended purpose, tends to be high (Parkhe 1993a; Dodgson 1993; Pearce 1997). The unprecedented popularity of yet simultaneous dissatisfaction with collaborations seems incongruent.
The Dynamics of Religious Organizations
Authors: Hammond Phillip E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This book brings together some of the most acknowledged essays by Hammond written over the last decade and explores religious organizations, their internal dynamics, and their impact. The first half of the book examines issues such as: church membership; the formation of religious identity; the changing meaning religious organizations have in the mind of persons returning to church after ‘dropping out’ for a significant period; the orderly dynamics idertaken by small sects who, in growing, lower tension with social environments. The second half of the book examines the consequences of these internal dynamics including world system theory, the church and its impact on voting behaviours, the cultural impact of cults, ideological reformation, ethnicity and conscience, and the relationship between religious and ethnic identities.
Cults and Sects in America: Organizational Development
Authors: Hammond Phillip E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The so-called cults that burst onto the American scene during the 1960s and 1970s quickly became the laboratory white mice for sociologists of religion. They seemed to emerge quickly, survive for a short or long span, then change into something else-all in the length of time that allowed single individuals to study them. Within very few years, therefore, the study of new religious movements, or NRMs as they soon became labeled, captured the attention of a sizable minority of sociologists of religion in the United States. Articles and, soon after, books about the NRMs flooded the publication channels of the profession, and now we are heirs to a significant body of literature that appears secure and growing.
Religion and Family Values in Presidential Voting
Authors: Hammond Phillip E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The term New Christian Right (NCR), since it came into widespread use during the 1980s and 1990s, has generally been understood to encompass far more than a renewal of the fundamentalist-modernist split early in this century. The Bible can still evoke bitter controversy, to be sure, but the so-called ‘Christian’ perspective on communism, education, welfare, race relations, the criminal justice system, and-above all, perhaps-the spheres of sex and the family, have in recent years been blended into the theological divide. In this essay, we assess both this blend and the amount of separate impact in presidential voting the various components of the NCR ideology have had in the last five elections. We investigate specifically the separate effect of the theological aspect of the NCR (called here the Christian Right component) and the family-sexual moral aspect of the NCR (called here the Family Values component).
Gravitational, non-inertial, and motional effects
Authors: Rauch Helmut , Werner Samuel A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The fundamental dual nature of neutrons –sometimes a particle (when detected) and sometimes a wave (when traversing the interferometer) – is wonderfully mani-fested by the non-local nature of the neutron interferometry experiments discussed in this chapter. We begin with a discussion of the series of experiments, called gravitationally induced quantum interference, in Section 7.1. Then in Section 7.2, the effect of the Earth’s rotation on the phase of a neutron de Broglie wave is described. This is the quantum mechanical analogue of the Michelson et al. (1925) experiment with light. An experiment in which this Sagnac phase shift was observed due to rotation of the interferometer on a turntable phase within the laboratory frame is also discussed (Atwood et al. 1984). An experiment related to the small effective mass of the neutron propagating in a crystal under Bragg reflecting conditions and its deflection due to the Coriolis force is discussed in Section 7.2.3 (Raum et al. 1997). Acceleration-induced interference, which is related to the gravity experiments by the principle of equivalence, is discussed in Section 7.3 (Bonse and Wroblewski 1983). Phase shifts caused by the motion of matter within the interferometer are related to the optical Fizeau effect. Several neutron Fizeau-type experiments are discussed in Section 7.4.
Phonon emission and absorption by hot electrons in -doped multiple layers in GaAs
Authors: Asche M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The present chapter deals with hot electrons in -doped GaAs and their interaction with phonons of different types. As described in the preceding chapters current carriers gain energy from an external electric field applied to the semiconductor. In the stationary state the electrons mainly dissipate their energy gain by phonon emission. If the carriers populate several energy levels with different mobilities in field direction e.g. manyvalley semiconductors or sub bands in confined systems the energy gain is not the same in these sublevels since it is proportional to the mobility. This leads to different carrier heating and to a redistribution of the carriers among the sublevels, which manifests itself in the transport properties in dependence on the field strength. Since the energy loss plays a key role in hot electron phenomena it is important to study the electron-phonon interaction to understand the specific transport properties. Vice versa from the hot electron effects one can draw conclusions with respect to the interaction processes.
Hot Electrons In N-I-P-I-Based Devices
Authors: DÖhler G H , Heber J , Peter M , Eckl S , Malzer S , FÖrster A , Luth H 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
n-i-p-i doping superlattices (Dohler 1986, 1996) contain periodic built-in electric fields of opposite sign.
Perturbation Methods And Tensor Theory
Authors: Peng L -M , Dudarev S L , Whelan M J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A very important class of theoretical methods widely used in high-energy electron diffraction is based on the use of perturbation approaches. In the early days of the development of electron diffraction theory, high-speed computers were not as readily accessible as today. Much of the early effort was therefore focussed on finding analytical solutions of few-beam cases, while errors associated with weaker beams and diffuse and inelastic scattering were treated using perturbation methods. The first perturbation treatment of electron diffraction aiming at the evaluation of the effect of weaker beams on the strong beams was developed by Bethe (Bethe, 1928). His method is still widely used in quantitative electron diffraction calculations and is usually referred to as the ‘Bethe potentials’ method. Since the early 1960s perturbation methods of various forms have been formulated and used for taking account of effects like inelastic diffuse scattering (Hashimoto et al., 1962, Hirsch et al., 1977), and HOLZ diffraction (Bird, 1989).
Examples of probability functions
Authors: Cowan Glen 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this chapter a number of commonly used probability distributions and density functions are presented. Properties such as mean and variance are given, mostly without proof; the moments can be found by using characteristic functions introduced in Chapter 10. Additional p.d.f.s can be found in [Fro79] Chapter 4, [Ead71] Chapter 4, [Bra92] Chapter 5.
Dust Formation in Carbon-rich AGB Stars
Authors: Cherchneff Isabelle 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Stars ascending the Asymptotic Giant Branch (AGB) are characterized by high mass losses and extended circumstellar envelopes, especially when the stars reach the tip of the AGB. Typical values for mass loss rates range from 10-s to 10-4 M0 yr-1 for the most evolved objects and the extent of circumstellar envelopes can reach 1000 stellar radii. The strong wind developed by an AGB star is of crucial importance for the evolution of the object as the star expels about 40 % of the initial mass it has on the Zero-Age Main Sequence. Furthermore, the winds represent the means by which the interstellar medium (ISM) is replenished in chemical species and dust grains, therefore governing the elemental composition of the ISM in galaxies (for more details on late stages of stellar evolution, see Chapter 11).
Supernova Chemistry
Authors: Liu Weihong 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Supernovae are violent stellar explosions and they are classified into different types according to their spectroscopic characteristics. From the point of view of stellar evolution, Type II and Type lb/le supernovae are explosions of massive stars produced by core collapse following late stages of nuclear burning, whereas a Type Ia supernova results from the thermonuclear runaway burning of an accreting white dwarf in a binary system. Each explosion releases the order of 1051 M0 of energy and roughly one to several M0 of ejecta expanding at velocities of up to ∼104 km s-1. A supernova explosion synthesizes heavy elements and injects them into the interstellar medium where they take part in subsequent star formation. The explosive nucleosynthesis produces large amounts of radioactive materials which power the supernova ejecta and drive the supernova physics. The understanding of these violent cosmic phenomena is crucial to our knowledge of the evolution of the Universe.