bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nicholas in Hell: Rewriting the Tsarist Narrative in the Revolutionary Skazki of 1917
Authors: Jones Hemenway Elizabeth 
Published: March 2003

Once upon a time, long ago, the rotten system crashed down, and our native Rus' became free. There was no tsar or tsaritsa (that foreign bird) or police or ministers. Russians lived like people, not beasts. But let us take a look at the fate of our former tsar.After stepping down from the throne and settling at Tsarskoe Selo to tend flowers and care for his cherished son Alexei, Nicholas has trouble feeling at ease. He digs in the garden and prunes his shrubs, but he's still restless and uncomfortable. Finally, he goes to the conservatory where Alexandra sits, very upset. He tries to comfort her, suggesting that they move far away from Russia—to Tunisia, perhaps—but his ideas for their new life together only make her angry. Nicholas trembles in fear under a table while she rants about their fate and mourns the loss of her Grisha [Rasputin], but finally her tantrum subsides, and he falls asleep, dreaming that he is flying to Heaven.When he reaches the gates of Heaven, an angel rudely informs him that no “tsar‐tyrants” are needed there—he should proceed directly to Hell. As he enters the doors of Hell, a crowd of phantoms confronts him, accusing him of committing crimes and of inflicting unbearable suffering on them in life, while Beelzebub commands that he be thrown into a cauldron of boiling tar. In response, Nicholas protests that he was just carrying on the Romanov tradition, and asks why he alone should be found guilty when his ancestors also committed terrible crimes against the people. Then he glimpses an enormous cauldron, where his ancestors sit, boiling in the thick tar. And he gets the feeling that he too will fly into the pot.Luckily, just at this moment Nicholas awakens from his horrifying dream.
A Trio of Books Applying the Ethic of Care: Personal, Institutional, and Global Dimensions
Authors: Duhan Kaplan Laura 
Published: March 2003

Books reviewed in this article: Towards a Caring Society: Ideas into Action, by Pearl M. Oliner and Samuel P. Oliner Caring in an Unjust World: Negotiating Borders and Barriers in Schools, edited by Deborah Eaker‐Rich and Jane Van Galen Learning Peace: The Promise of Ecological and Cooperative Education, edited by Betty Reardon and Eva Nordland with the assistance of Peter Zuber
Optimal Inspection and Maintenance Policies for Infrastructure Networks
Authors: Smilowitz Karen , Madanat Samer 
Published: March 2003

State‐of‐the‐art infrastructure management systems use Markov decision processes (MDPs) as a methodology for maintenance and rehabilitation (M&R) decision making. The underlying assumption in this methodology is that inspections are performed at predetermined and fixed time intervals and that they reveal the true condition state of the facility, with no measurement error. As a result, after an inspection, the decision maker can apply the activity prescribed by the optimal policy for that condition state of the facility.In previous research, the second author has applied a methodology for M&R activity selection that accounts for the presence of both forecasting and measurement uncertainty. This methodology is the latent Markov decision process (LMDP), an extension of the traditional MDP that relaxes the assumptions of error‐free annual facility inspections.In this article we extend this methodology to include network‐level constraints. This can be achieved by extending the LMDP model to the network‐level problem through the use of randomized policies. We present both finite‐horizon (transient) and infinite‐horizon (steady‐state) formulations of the network‐level LMDP. A case study application demonstrates the expected savings in life‐cycle costs that result from increasing the measurement accuracy used in facility inspections and from optimal scheduling of inspections.
The plight and promise of contemporary psychoanalysis in the light of its social history
Authors: Homans Peter 
Published: March 2003

This paper addresses the many changes which have beset psychoanalysis and the psychoanalytic community since the widespread, general acceptance of both by the educated, middle‐class public in the 1950s. It attempts to explain these changes, at least in part, by reflecting upon them in the light of the history of the psychoanalytic movement and upon the rise of dynamic psychology as well.Many in the psychoanalytic community think that their work is being ignored, devalued, and even attacked by an increasing number of influential persons and organizations. Critics claim that, epistemologically, psychoanalysis is scientifically invalid; therapeutically, it is ineffective; economically, it is too costly and takes too long; and theoretically, it is pluralized to the point of fragmentation. This is the plight of psychoanalysis.This paper argues that many of the major problems which once beset Freud and his colleagues, and which beset the psychoanalytic community today, are best understood in terms of two sociological processes, legitimation and institutionalization. Legitimation is the socio‐cultural process whereby a new idea (e.g., Freud's theories, Jung's theories) contests the established web of ideas which give coherence and meaning to social and personal identity. Institutionalization refers to the way legitimated ideas replace once‐contested views of reality.The single most decisive factor generating the plight of contemporary psychoanalysis is the ‘decision’ (1) to socially locate (institutionalize) psychoanalysis in institutes, rather than in clinics or universities, and (2) to represent psychoanalysis to the public (legitimation) as a medical science.In order to illustrate and advance these claims, I first define and distinguish sociologically the institute, the clinic and the university. Second, I describe the origins and development of the ‘decision’, made by Freud and his followers, to locate or institutionalize psychoanalysis in institutes. Third, I compare and contrast this early pattern of legitimation and institutionalization with that of the present‐day psychoanalytic movement in England (relatively benign institutionalization) and in the United States (relatively destructive institutionalization). Throughout this discussion I draw upon the new literature on the history of psychoanalysis, past and present.As for the ‘promise’ for psychoanalysis, it can materialize insofar as psychoanalysis establishes contact with the clinic and the university (re‐legitimation) and insofar as that contact becomes so self‐evident that it is taken for granted (i.e., it is re‐institutionalized).
Explaining Performance Changes in Newly Privatized Firms
Authors: Andrews William A. , Dowling Michael J. 
Published: March 2003

Much debate has been generated about whether privatization tends to enhance firm financial performance. The research presented here seeks to identify the strategic choices that differentiated firms with superior post‐privatization performance from those with inferior post‐privatization performance.Using agency theory as a theoretical foundation, it is hypothesized that superior post‐privatization firm performance will be associated with (1) the government not retaining a significant stock holding, (2) changes in leadership, (3) management stock options being initiated, (4) employee head count being reduced, and (5) the company being restructured financially. The sample draws from 41 privatized firms from six industry classifications and 15 countries. To accommodate comparisons of small subsamples, non‐parametric statistical methods are used. Controlling for size, industry and country (economic/regulatory effects), the hypotheses are generally supported except for the one relating to headcount.
‘Sir Douglas in Euroland’. Treasury officials and the European Union, 1977–2001
Authors: Pickering Craig 
Published: March 2003

‘… every man is a piece of the continent, a part of the main; if a clod be washed away by the sea, Europe is the less …’John DonneThe European Union (EU) is now, in the author’s view, a pervasive part of the UK Treasury’s culture, much more than is generally recognized. Drawing on personal experience as a Treasury official, the author describes the impact of the EU on the Department’s culture, organization and work. Relations with other departments, finance ministries in other member states and the EU institutions are examined in order to demonstrate the depth and complexity of Treasury involvement in the EU. Key policies are discussed, to illustrate how Treasury culture has changed in recent decades.
How to learn in R&D partnerships?
Authors: Ingham Marc , Mothe Caroline 
Published: March 2003

In this article a set of determinants of organisational learning and result appropriation are identified and then tested on a sample of Research and Development (R&D) consortia. The literature review and an exploratory case study highlight the main factors which favour learning and the appropriation of knowledge. The case study observes the organisational learning processes at work in three R&D partnerships entered into by a European high technology firm. Six hypotheses are formulated. They pertain to the link between the firm's learning and exploitation capabilities. The hypotheses relate to (1) trust between partners, (2) R&D integration in the firm, (3) the access to adequate complementary assets, (4) the member's involvement and motivation in the cooperative process, (5) its own experience in R&D, and (6) the number of partners in the consortium. These hypotheses are tested on a sample of 317 R&D consortia in the European EUREKA initiative. The results show that a firm's internal organisation and the level of trust between partners influence learning and result appropriation. However, the determinants vary according to the kind of outcome (tangible knowledge, new products/processes, improved products/processes, intangible knowledge). With the knowledge that alliances are increasingly becoming a necessity for firms involved in technology, a better understanding of how to benefit from R&D partnerships can only improve firms’ competitiveness in the future.
The roles of R&D team leaders in Korea: a contingent approach
Authors: Kim Youngbae , Min Byungwook , Cha Jongseok 
Published: March 2003

This study empirically examines the relationship between the role of R&D project leaders and their team performance using data from 87 project teams in 6 R&D organizations in Korea. The results reveal that:(1) R&D project leaders played five different roles in performing their jobs – strategic planner, team builder, gatekeeper, technical expert, and champion;(2) All but the champion role of a leader is positively related with project team performance;(3) However, this relationship between the role of leader and project team performance varies according to the characteristics of R&D project teams and their tasks.Specifically, it becomes important for a leader to focus less on the team building role as the team gets older. The team building role of a leader, however, is more important for higher performance of relatively certain R&D projects, while for uncertain R&D projects, the strategic planning role appears to be more crucial. Based on these results, this study discusses several managerial and theoretical issues related to the role of a leader in R&D project teams.
Informal Measures Challenge the Suitability of the Basic Skills Agency’s Reading Test
Authors: Finlay Ann 
Published: March 2003

When informal measures of reading assessment were used with a Further Education student the results were different to those obtained with the Basic Skills Agency’s reading test based on cloze exercises. After describing the informal assessment the reasons for the discrepancy between the two methods are discussed. These are based first on the language production demands of cloze, and second on the relationship between functional literacy materials and cloze success. The author concludes that the suitability of cloze for testing reading is in doubt; it is likely to underestimate some readers’ abilities and it should not be used to test reading in isolation from other measures.Please note ALBSU has changed its name to the Basic Skills Agency, and to avoid confusion BSA will be used throughout the article even if at the time referred to it was known as ALBSU.
Theologia Incurvata In Se Ipse?: One Feminist Theologian’s Reading of Eberhard Jüngel’s Theology
Authors: Watson Natalie K. 
Published: March 2003

Books reviewed in this article:Eberhard Jüngel, Justification: The Heart of the Christian FaithEberhard Jüngel, God’s Being is in Becoming: The Trinitarian Being of God in the Theology of Karl Barth. A Paraphrase
Fiscal Institutions and Wage Bargaining in the Local Public Sector
Authors: Strøm Bjarne 
Published: March 2003

In a theoretical analysis of the properties of different wage setting and financing systems in the local public sector, two financing systems are considered. A benchmark model with local financing through local taxes is compared with a system of centralized financing through grants, where taxes are decided at the national level. It is shown that the wage outcomes under centralized financing depend heavily on the order of moves in the budgetary game between the central and local levels. JEL Classification: H23; J45
The Distributional Impact of Public Goods Provision: A Veil of Ignorance Approach
Authors: Thum Claudio , Weichenrieder Alfons J. 
Published: March 2003

The “veil of ignorance” approach is used to consider the redistribution implied by different tax‐benefit systems. Assuming a (hypothetical) ex‐ante situation in which individuals lack any knowledge about their future income, redistribution from rich to poor can be seen as a form of insurance. Taking redistribution and insurance as synonymous, the analysis derives cases of redistributionally neutral systems of taxation and public good provision. JEL classification: H23; D30;,H41
Social Factors in the Development of Autobiographical Memory: The State of the Art
Authors: Reese Elaine 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThis review addresses theory and research on the role of self understanding, language, theory of mind, attachment security, and parental style in children’s autobiographical memory development. Social‐cognitive factors appear to interact with parental style in producing children’s first verbal memories. Emotional factors, such as attachment security, may also prove to be critical for the socialization of life histories. Further longitudinal studies will be necessary to examine individual differences in the growth of this complex and multiply determined skill.
The Uniqueness of the Child–Father Attachment Relationship: Fathers’ Sensitive and Challenging Play as a Pivotal Variable in a 16‐year Longitudinal Study
Authors: Grossmann Karin , Grossmann Klaus E. , Fremmer‐Bombik Elisabeth , Kindler Heinz , Scheuerer‐Englisch Hermann , Zimmermann And Peter 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThis longitudinal study of forty‐four families explored fathers’ as compared to mothers’ specific contribution to their children's attachment representation at ages 6, 10, and 16 years. In toddlerhood, fathers’ and mothers’ play sensitivity was evaluated with a new assessment, the sensitive and challenging interactive play scale (SCIP). Fathers’ SCIP scores were predicted by fathers’ caregiving quality during the first year, were highly consistent across 4 years, and were closely linked to the fathers’ own internal working model of attachment. Qualities of attachment as assessed in the Strange Situation to both parents were antecedents for children's attachment security in the Separation Anxiety Test at age 6. Fathers’ play sensitivity and infant–mother quality of attachment predicted children's internal working model of attachment at age 10, but not vice versa. Dimensions of adolescents’ attachment representations were predicted by fathers’ play sensitivity only. The results confirmed our main assumption that fathers’ play sensitivity is a better predictor of the child's long‐term attachment representation than the early infant–father security of attachment. The ecological validity of measuring fathers’ sensitive and challenging interactive play behavior as compared to infant proximity seeking in times of distress is highlighted. Findings are discussed with respect to a wider view on attachment in that both parents shape their children's psychological security but each in his or her unique way.
Patterns of Attachment and Maternal Discourse Effects on Children's Emotion Understanding From 3 to 5 Years of Age
Authors: Ontai Lenna L. , Thompson Ross A. 
Published: March 2003

Abstract Two studies examined the influence of maternal discourse style and security of attachment, and their interaction, on preschoolers’ emotion understanding. The first, with 3‐year‐olds, unexpectedly found no significant prediction of emotion understanding from attachment and discourse, and the interaction of the predictors yielded theoretically unpredicted associations with emotion understanding. Consequently, measures of attachment and emotion understanding were obtained again on these children at age 5 in a second study. At this age, consistent with expectations, secure attachment predicted higher emotion understanding, especially in the context of maternal use of elaborative discourse from the earlier assessment. The findings suggest that during the period of significant representational advance between ages 3 and 5, the influence of maternal discourse and attachment security are developmentally transformed as children's conceptions of psychological states rapidly change. By age 5, however, maternal elaborative discourse in the context of attachment security fosters deeper emotion understanding in preschoolers.
Women and the Family in the British Welfare State: The Thatcher/Major Legacy
Authors: Pascall Gillian 
Published: March 2003

This paper reviews the moral agenda of Thatcherism, in terms of maintaining traditional family structures, family roles and family responsibilities for economic support and personal care of family members. It asks to what extent and in what ways this agenda was promoted during the eighteen years of Conservative rule; to what extent contradictory forces within Thatcherism and elsewhere undermined this agenda; and what have been the consequences for women in family and public life. The marketization of life, pursued under Thatcherism, contributed to undermining the family form which has traditionally underpinned the market. Deregulated labour markets and spreading owner‐occupation in an unstable housing market have been important contributions to family breakdown, insecurity and women's access to—and need for—jobs. The idea of family responsibility was promulgated, but in practice family members have become less able to support each other.Nevertheless, one consequence of these changes has been a stronger position for women as women by the end of this Conservative era. Access to paid work makes women less dependent within families and improves their access to public politics. Social policies geared to the Beveridge‐type family had become increasingly threadbare and some changes—such as policies enabling lone mothers to do paid work—had been forced by the increasing mismatch between family realities and the Beveridge model. Many changes owed more to the women's movement than to Thatcherism, but Thatcherite policies played a (largely unintentional) part.
Doing Nothing is No Choice: Lay Constructions of Treatment Decision‐making Among Women with Early‐stage Breast Cancer
Authors: Charles Cathy , Whelan Tim , Gafni Amiram , Reyno Leonard , Redko Cristina 
Published: March 2003

Open‐ended personal interviews were conducted with 20 women with early stage breast cancer attending a regional cancer centre in Southwestern Ontario. We explored three related issues: (1) the extent to which these women perceived that they had treatment options; (2) their understanding of treatment benefits and risks; and (3) the role they wanted for themselves and their oncologists in treatment decision‐making.We found, first, that many women who were presented with the choice to undergo some form of adjuvant treatment versus no treatment felt that ‘doing nothing was no choice’. Second, when interpreting probabilistic information on treatment benefits and risks, some women retained the idea of probability but thought that they personally would beat the odds. Others transformed the information to make it more personally meaningful, and still others assessed their risk status by comparing themselves with friends or relatives having the same disease. Third, many women preferred some form of shared treatment decision‐making process with their oncologists. Women perceived treatment decisions as either ‘right’ or ‘wrong’ which raised the issue of blame for a ‘bad’ decision should the cancer return. Implications of these findings for clinical practice and for models of treatment decision‐making are discussed.
Review Article: Normal science? Texts for teaching the sociology of health and illness
Authors: Cox David 
Published: March 2003

Ellen Annandale, The Sociology of Health and MedicineRob Baggott, Health and Health Care in BritainDavid Field and Steve Taylor (eds), Sociological Perspectives on Health,Illness and Health CareJohn Germov (ed), Second Opinion: an Introduction to Health SociologyRon Iphofen and Fiona Poland, Sociology in Practice for Health CareProfessionalsLesley Mackay, Keith Soothill and Kath Melia (eds), Classic Texts inHealth CareAlan Petersen and Charles Waddell (eds), Health Matters: a Sociology ofIllness, Prevention and Care
Time to disclose, timing disclosure: GPs’ discourses on disclosing domestic abuse in primary care
Authors: McKie Linda , Fennell Barbara , Mildorf Jarmila 
Published: March 2003

AbstractResearch has demonstrated that women are more likely to disclose domestic violence to a GP during the consultation in primary health care than in Accident and Emergency. Little is known of the process of disclosure in the context of primary health care, especially from the perspective of the GP. In this article we present data from a pilot study with GPs working in a city locality about their experiences of disclosure and the actual processes through which they suspect and explore domestic abuse. We draw upon the work of, amongst others, Strong (1979) and his analysis of medical encounters to consider the consultation in which domestic abuse is disclosed in terms of a ceremonial order. The concepts of time (Adam 2000) and myths (Barthes 1972) provide crucial dimensions to our analysis. GPs employed various concepts of time as vehicles for explaining the reasons for, and circumstances surrounding, violence as well as presenting barriers to further involvement. GPs mythologised time by asserting they did not have enough time and yet revealing their ability to control and suspend time in the consultation if they consider it to be appropriate. In the process of mythologising time, the ceremonial order can become paramount. In conclusion, we contend that the sociology of health and illness might gain further conceptual and analytical understanding of the consultation by merging notions of ceremonial order with a fuller appreciation of sociological theory on time and myths, especially as this poses barriers to the disclosure of domestic abuse and other sensitive matters.