bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The pathobiology of the septin gene family
Authors: Hall Peter A , Russell SE Hilary 
Published: November 2004

AbstractSeptins are an evolutionarily conserved group of GTP‐binding and filament‐forming proteins that belong to the large superclass of P‐loop GTPases. While originally discovered in yeast as cell division cycle mutants with cytokinesis defects, they are now known to have diverse cellular roles which include polarity determination, cytoskeletal reorganization, membrane dynamics, vesicle trafficking, and exocytosis. Septin proteins form homo‐ and hetero‐oligomeric polymers which can assemble into higher‐order filaments. They are also known to interact with components of the cytoskeleton, ie actin and tubulin. The precise role of GTP binding is not clear but a current model suggests that it is associated with conformational changes which alter binding to other proteins. There are at least 12 human septin genes, and although information on expression patterns is limited, most undergo complex alternative splicing with some degree of tissue specificity. Nevertheless, an increasing body of data implicates the septin family in the pathogenesis of diverse disease states including neoplasia, neurodegenerative conditions, and infections. Here the known biochemical properties of mammalian septins are reviewed in the light of the data from yeast and other model organisms. The data implicating septins in human disease are considered and a model linking these data is proposed. It is posited that septins can act as regulatable scaffolds where the stoichiometry of septin associations, modifications, GTP status, and the interactions with other proteins allow the regulation of key cellular processes including polarity determination. Derangements of such septin scaffolds thus explain the role of septins in disease states. Copyright © 2004 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Laminopathies
Authors: Broers Jos LV , Hutchison Chris J , Ramaekers Frans CS 
Published: November 2004

AbstractNuclear lamins form a fibrous nucleoskeletal network of intermediate‐sized filaments that underlies the inner nuclear membrane. It associates with this membrane through interactions with specific integral nuclear membrane proteins, while within this flattened lamin lattice the nuclear pore complexes are embedded. Next to this peripheral network, the lamins can form intranuclear structures. The lamins are the evolutionary progenitors of the cytoplasmic intermediate filament proteins and have profound influences on nuclear structure and function. These influences require that lamins have dynamic properties and dual identities as structural building blocks on the one hand, and transcription regulators on the other. Which of these identities underlies the laminopathies, a myriad of genetic diseases caused by mutations in lamins or lamin‐associated proteins, is a topic of intense debate. Copyright © 2004 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) downregulates thrombospondin 1 (TSP‐1) expression in thyroid papillary carcinoma cells
Authors: Scarpino Stefania , Di Napoli Arianna , Taraboletti Giulia , Cancrini Antonio , Ruco Luigi P 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThis study investigates the expression of thrombospondin‐1 in papillary carcinoma of the thyroid and the role of Met–HGF interaction in TSP‐1 regulation. In tissue sections, immunostaining for TSP‐1 was associated with the fibrous tumour stroma, and showed areas of marked intensity adjacent to the basal membrane of tumour cells. Investigation of TSP‐1 RNA expression showed that, in 10 of 14 cases, TSP‐1 mRNA levels were significantly lower in tumour tissue (20–100% reduction; mean = 55% ± 20; p = 0.001) than in the corresponding normal thyroid. Since it has been reported that HGF can downregulate the expression of TSP‐1 mRNA, TSP‐1 mRNA levels were measured in 7 primary cultures, established from thyroid papillary carcinomas (TPC), and in 1 TPC cell line prior to, or after, stimulation with HGF. A marked decrease in TSP‐1 mRNA levels was observed after HGF stimulation in 6/7 primary cultures (60–100% decrease (mean = 79 ± 15%; p = 0.006) and in the TPC cell line; moreover, the decrease in TSP‐1 mRNA in cell extracts was associated with a decrease in TSP‐1 protein in culture supernatants. The HGF activity was dose dependent and the downregulation lasted for at least 48 h after stimulation. The high‐level expression of Met protein, the high‐affinity receptor for HGF, in most cases of papillary carcinoma of the thyroid is consistent with the possibility that HGF–Met interaction plays a crucial role in regulating the expression of TSP‐1 in this tumour type. Copyright © 2004 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluation of fetal cardiac contractility by two‐dimensional ultrasonography
Authors: Goldinfeld Michael , Weiner Ehud , Peleg David , Shalev Eliezer , Ben‐Ami Moshe 
Published: November 2004

AbstractObjectiveEvaluation of fetal cardiac contractility by two‐dimensional ultrasonography and construction of nomograms of area shortening fraction, end‐diastolic area and end‐systolic area of fetal cardiac ventricles during uncomplicated pregnancy.Materials and MethodsFetal echocardiography was performed on 160 pregnant women between 14 and 28 weeks' gestation. Measurements were taken on the four‐chamber view. The area of each ventricle was measured by tracing the endocardium at the end of systole and at the end of diastole. Area shortening fraction was calculated by the following formula: SF = (Ad − As)/Ad (SF–area shortening fraction, Ad–end‐diastolic ventricular area, As—end‐systolic ventricular area).ResultsA statistically significant increase in normal fetal area shortening fraction, end‐diastolic area and end‐systolic area of both ventricles with advancing gestational age was established. There were no significant differences in the area shortening fraction between right and left ventricles.ConclusionsArea shortening fraction shows good correlation with gestational age. Nomogram of area shortening fraction, end‐diastolic area and end‐systolic area of both ventricles can be used as the reference for evaluation of ventricle size and cardiac contractility in normal and pathological cases. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Contingent screening for Down syndrome is an efficient alternative to non‐disclosure sequential screening
Authors: Wright Dave , Bradbury Ian , Benn Peter , Cuckle Howard , Ritchie Karen 
Published: November 2004

AbstractObjectiveTo present a first and second trimester Down syndrome screening strategy, whereby second‐trimester marker determination is contingent on the first‐trimester results. Unlike non‐disclosure sequential screening (‘the Integrated test’), which requires all women to have markers in both trimesters, this allows a large proportion of the women to complete screening in the first trimester.MethodsTwo first‐trimester risk cut‐offs defined three types of results: positive and referred for early diagnosis; negative with screening complete; and intermediate, needing second‐trimester markers. Multivariate Gaussian modelling with Monte Carlo simulation was used to estimate the false‐positive rate for a fixed 85% detection rate. The false‐positive rate was evaluated for various early detection rates and early test completion rates. Model parameters were taken from the SURUSS trial.ResultsCompletion of screening in the first trimester for 75% of women resulted in a 30% early detection rate and a 55% second trimester detected rate (net 85%) with a false‐positive rate only 0.1% above that achievable by the Integrated test. The screen‐positive rate was 0.1% in the first trimester and 4.7% for those continuing to be tested in the second trimester. If the early detection rate were to be increased to 45% or the early completion rate were to be increased to 80%, there would be a further 0.1% increase in the false‐positive rate.ConclusionContingent screening can achieve results comparable with the Integrated test but with earlier completion of screening for most women. Both strategies need to be evaluated in large‐scale prospective studies particularly in relation to psychological impact and practicability. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hemodynamic changes with phenotype reversal during pregnancy in twin–twin transfusion syndrome
Authors: Meyberg‐Solomayer G. C. , Fehm T. , Mackensen‐Haen S. , Wallwiener D. , Solomayer E. F. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractObjectivesWe report an atypical case of twin–twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) in monochorionic‐diamniotic twins with arterio‐arterial anastomoses in which the former donor became the recipient during pregnancy.MethodsSerial sonographic monitoring was performed.ResultsThere was a phenotype reversal in TTTS concerning growth and amniotic fluid ending at 27 weeks, with the dominance of the former smaller donor. Doppler sonography changed from absent enddiastolic flow of the donor to normal values in both twins. The new recipient showed transient ascites, the now smaller actual donor (former recipient) developed progressive cardiomegaly, hypertrophy of the myocardium and mitral and tricuspid insufficiency at 29 weeks. Doppler sonography in the new donor deteriorated to highly pathologic flow in the venous system, leading to cesarean section. The donor fetus died 12 h after delivery because of myocardial decompensation. The recipient did very well and was discharged 8 weeks later from the neonatology unit.ConclusionThis atypical course shows the importance of serial sonographic monitoring in pregnancies with TTTS. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Performance of front contact silicon solar cells under concentration
Authors: Luque A. , Gidon P. , Pirot M. , Antón I. , Caballero L.J. , Tobías I. , del Cañizo C. , Jausseaud C. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThe first realization of a new type of silicon solar cell intended for operation at very high concentration, with all the contacts at its front face, is presented. Although the efficiencies achieved are not outstanding, the feasibility of the structure is proven by the fabrication of several thousands of cells with similar performance. Modeling has evidenced the main routes for improvement. Efficiencies close to 25% for a range of efficiencies from 80 to 560 suns are predicted as achievable for cells with state‐of‐the‐art technology and appropriate layout. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
“Suprafestes” Helium entdeckt
Authors: Leute Angelika 
Published: November 2004

AbstractBei extrem tiefen Temperaturen verlieren manche Flüssigkeiten ihre Viskosität, sie werden suprafluid. Ein solcher völlig reibungsfreier Zustand wurde jetzt erstmals auch bei einem Festkörper experimentell nachgewiesen. Zwei Wissenschaftlern der Pennsylvania State University ist es gelungen, in Kristallen des 4He‐Isotops bei Temperaturen unterhalb von 230 mK ein ungewöhnliches, klassisch nicht erklärbares Rotationsverhalten zu beobachten. Sie deuten ihre Entdeckung als “suprafesten” Zustand.
Käsefondue: eine kolloidale Schmelze
Authors: Vilgis Thomas A. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractAn Weihnachten oder zum Jahreswechsel kommt gern das Fonduegeschirr zum Einsatz, weil sich damit viele hungrige Gäste unterhaltsam sättigen lassen. Käsefondues sind allerdings eine physikalisch anspruchsvolle Angelegenheit. Die Kunst besteht darin, die viskoelastische Käseschmelze während des Genusses homogen zu halten.
Acidic proteome of growing and resting Lactococcus lactis metabolizing maltose
Authors: Palmfeldt Johan , Levander Fredrik , Hahn‐Hägerdal Bärbel , James Peter 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThe acidic proteome of Lactococcus lactis grown anaerobically was compared for three different growth conditions: cells growing on maltose, resting cells metabolizing maltose, and cells growing on glucose. In maltose metabolizing cells several proteins were up‐regulated compared with glucose metabolizing cells, however only some of the up‐regulated proteins had apparent relation to maltose metabolism. Cells growing on maltose produced formate, acetate and ethanol in addition to lactate, whereas resting cells metabolizing maltose and cells growing on glucose produced only lactate. Increased levels of alcohol‐acetaldehyde dehydrogenase (ADH) and phosphate acetyltransferase (PTA) in maltose‐growing cells compared with glucose‐growing cells coincided with formation of mixed acids in maltose‐growing cells. The resting cells did not grow due to lack of an amino acid source and fermented maltose with lactate as the sole product, although ADH and PTA were present at high levels. The maltose consumption rate was approximately three times lower in resting cells than in exponentially growing cells. However, the enzyme levels in resting and growing cells metabolizing maltose were similar, which indicates that the difference in product formation in this case is due to regulation at the enzyme level. The levels of 30S ribosomal proteins S1 and S2 increased with increasing growth rate for resting cells metabolizing maltose, maltose‐growing cells and glucose‐growing cells. A modified form of HPr was synthesized under amino acid starvation. This is suggested to be due to alanine misincorporation for valine, which L. lactis is auxotrophic for. L. lactis conserves the protein profile to a high extent, even after prolonged amino acid starvation, so that the protein expression profile of the bacterium remains almost invariant.
A combination of protein profiling and isotopomer analysis using matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization‐time of flight mass spectrometry reveals an active metabolism of the extracellular matrix of 3T3‐L1 adipocytes
Authors: Bouwman Freek , Renes Johan , Mariman Edwin 
Published: November 2004

AbstractDifferential gel electrophoresis followed by matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization‐time of flight (MALDI‐TOF) mass spectrometry (MS) is a commonly used protein profiling method. However, observed changes can be explained in multiple ways, one of which is by the protein turnover rate. In order to easily and rapidly obtain information on both the identity and turnover of individual proteins, we applied a combination of protein labeling with L‐(ring‐2,3,4,5,6 2H5) phenylalanine and MALDI‐TOF MS. While the spectrum reveals the identity of a protein, mass isotopomer analysis provides information about the rate of protein labeling as a measure of synthesis or turnover. Using this approach on mature 3T3‐L1 adipocytes, we were able to discriminate between rapidly and slowly metabolised proteins. In our isolate, proteins of the cytoskeleton appeared to be slowly metabolised, whereas components of the extracellular matrix, in particular collagen type I alpha 1 (COL1A1) and collagen type I alpha 2 (COL1A2) showed rapid accumulation of newly synthesized proteins. Both proteins appeared to be metabolised in the same ratio as they are present in collagen fibers, i.e. 2:1 (COL1A1: COL1A2). In addition, functionally related proteins were also readily labeled. Taken together, we have shown that a combination of stable isotope labeling and protein profiling by gel electrophoresis and MALDI‐TOF analysis can simultaneously provide information on the identity and relative metabolic rate of proteins in eukaryotic cells in a simple, nonhazardous and rapid‐throughput way.
Identification of proteins induced by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon in Mycobacterium vanbaalenii PYR‐1 using two‐dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and de novo sequencing methods
Authors: Kim Seong‐Jae , Jones Richard C. , Cha Chang‐Jun , Kweon Ohgew , Edmondson Ricky D. , Cerniglia Carl E. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractProtein profiles of Mycobacterium vanbaalenii PYR‐1 grown in the presence of high‐molecular‐weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (HMW PAHs) were examined by two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis (2‐DE). Cultures of M. vanbaalenii PYR‐1 were incubated with pyrene, pyrene‐4,5‐quinone (PQ), phenanthrene, anthracene, and fluoranthene. Soluble cellular protein fractions were analyzed and compared, using immobilized pH gradient (IPG) strips. More than 1000 gel‐separated proteins were detected using a 2‐DE analysis program within the window of isoelectric point (pI) 4–7 and a molecular mass range of 10–100 kDa. We observed variations in the protein composition showing the upregulation of multiple proteins for the five PAH treatments compared with the uninduced control sample. By N‐terminal sequencing or mass spectrometry, we further analyzed the proteins separated by 2‐DE. Due to the lack of genome sequence information for this species, protein identification provided an analytical challenge. Several PAH‐induced proteins were identified including a catalase‐peroxidase, a putative monooxygenase, a dioxygenase small subunit, a small subunit of naphthalene‐inducible dioxygenase, and aldehyde dehydrogenase. We also identified proteins related to carbohydrate metabolism (enolase, 6‐phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, indole‐3‐glycerol phosphate synthase, and fumarase), DNA translation (probable elongation factor Tsf), heat shock proteins, and energy production (ATP synthase). Many proteins from M. vanbaalenii PYR‐1 showed similarity with protein sequences from M. tuberculosis and M. leprae. Some proteins were detected uniquely upon exposure to a specific PAH whereas others were common to more than one PAH, which indicates that induction triggers not only specific responses but a common response in this strain.
Effects of benzo(a)pyrene on protein expression in Jurkat T‐cells
Authors: Oh Sangnam , Im Hosub , Oh Eunha , Lee Joohyun , Khim Jin‐young , Mun Joohee , Kim Yanghee , Lee Eunil , Kim Joon , Sul Donggeun 
Published: November 2004

AbstractPolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous environmental pollutants of air, water and soil, and are produced by the incomplete combustion of organic materials. The International Agency for Research on Cancer has characterized PAHs as carcinogens. In this study, we investigated the effects of benzo(a)pyrene (B(a)P), which is the most carcinogenic member of the PAHs, on Jurkat cell protein by proteomic analysis. Jurkat cells were treated with various concentrations of B(a)P (0, 2.5, 5, 10, 20 or 40 μM) for 24 or 48 h and 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐5‐(3‐carboxymethoxyphenyl)‐2‐(4‐sulfophenyl)‐2H‐tetrazolium and lactate dehydrogenase assays were carried out to determine cytotoxicity and a Comet assay was used to determinate genotoxicity. The cytotoxicity assays showed that 2.5 μM of B(a)P was the maximal concentration that did not cause any toxicity, but nevertheless, at this level B(a)P produced significant DNA damage in Jurkat cells at 48 h. Proteomic analysis using three different pI ranges and large two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis showed 3427 protein spots. A total of 46 (13 up‐ and 33 down‐regulated) proteins were identified as biomarkers of B(a)P and showed dose‐dependent expressions in Jurkat T‐cell line exposed to B(a)P. Of these, 27 protein spots were identified by matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization‐time of flight mass spectrometry. Two functionally differentiated protein groups were found. The protein group involving apoptosis and tumor suppression were found to be up‐regulated, and B(a)P down‐regulated enzyme was involved in energy metabolism, DNA synthesis and in cell structure and motility.
Identification of the degradome of Isp‐1, a major intracellular serine protease of Bacillus subtilis, by two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis and matrix‐ assisted laser desorption/ionization‐time of flight analysis
Authors: Lee Ah Young , Goo Park Sung , Kho Chang Won , Young Park Sun , Cho Sayeon , Lee Sang Chul , Lee Do Hee , Myung Pyung Keun , Park Byoung Chul 
Published: November 2004

AbstractIntracellular serine protease‐1 (Isp‐1) is a major intracellular serine protease of Bacillus subtilis, whose functions still remain largely unknown. Furthermore, physiological substrates are yet to be determined. To identify Isp‐1 substrates, we digested extract obtained from an Isp‐1 deficient Bacillus mutant with purified Isp‐1 and examined eliminated or decreased spots by two‐dimensional gel and matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization‐time of flight analyses. Proteins degraded by Isp‐1, termed the Isp‐1 degradome, are involved in a variety of cellular functions such as DNA packing, genetic competence, and protein secretion. From the degradome we selected ClpC and EF‐Tu as putative Isp‐1 substrates and studied their in vitro degradation. ClpC and EF‐Tu contain putative cleavage sites for Isp‐1. N‐terminal sequencing of in vitro proteolytic fragments of ClpC and EF‐Tu revealed that these sites are indeed recognized and cleaved by Isp‐1. Moreover, the cellular levels of ClpC and EF‐Tu were dramatically reduced at the late stationary phase, where the expression level of Isp‐1 was greatly increased. These results suggest that the regulated proteolysis of ClpC by Isp‐1 plays an important role in the stationary phase adaptive response. This degradomic approach could provide a powerful tool for finding physiological substrates of many proteolytic enzymes whose functions remain to be determined.
Is it functional?
Authors: Pixton Katherine L. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThis report describes the first scientific meeting of the British Society for Proteome Research (BSPR), which was organised jointly with the European Bioinformatics Institute (EBI) and held in July 2004. The focus of the conference was functional proteomics with an emphasis on possible clinical application. The main subjects described here are: the need to simplify samples, the use of biological fluids verses tissue, consideration of biological and experimental variation and the creation of databases to achieve menaingful functional analysis.
Identification of target proteins of N‐acetylglucosaminyl‐transferase V and fucosyltransferase 8 in human gastric tissues by glycomic approach
Authors: Kim Yong‐Sam , Hwang Soo Young , Oh Sejeong , Sohn Hosung , Kang Hye‐Yeon , Lee Jeong‐Hwa , Cho Eun‐Wie , Kim Jin‐Young , Yoo Jong Shin , Kim Nam‐Soon , Kim Cheorl‐Ho , Miyoshi Eiji , Taniguchi Naoyuki , Ko Jeong Heon 
Published: November 2004

AbstractTo understand better the mechanism underlying gastric cancer and search for potential markers for gastric cancer prognosis, the proteomic analysis of gastric cancer tissues was conducted using two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis and lectin blot, followed by electrospray ionization‐mass spectrometry. These approaches permitted identification of glyco‐ or putative glycosylated proteins which may be associated with tumorigenesis. The proteins identified include molecules involved in sugar metabolism, signal transduction, proteolysis, and stress, as well as several unknown proteins, which were aberrantly glycosylated as evidenced by the L‐phytohemagglutinin blot.