bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Supporting the assignment of NMR spectra with variable‐temperature experiments
Authors: Nawrocka Ewa K. , Jadwiszczak Michał , Leszczyński Piotr J. , Kazimierczuk Krzysztof 
Published: February 2024

AbstractNuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is one of the most powerful tools in analytical chemistry. An important step in the analysis of NMR data is the assignment of resonance frequencies to the corresponding atoms in the molecule being investigated. The traditional approach considers the spectrum's characteristic parameters: chemical shift values, internuclear couplings, and peak intensities. In this paper, we show how to support the process of assigning a series of spectra of similar organic compounds by using temperature coefficients, that is, the rates of change in chemical shift values associated with given changes in temperature.
Singlet oxygen‐responsive hyaluronate dot clusters for tumor therapy
Authors: Yoon Hyunji , Lee Eunsol , Lee Eun Seong 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn this study, we developed nanoclusters that respond to singlet oxygen and can be adjusted in size to enhance the efficacy of tumor therapy. Specifically, we engineered nanoclusters, denoted as dHAc‐PSDA‐Ce6, through the covalent conjugation of hyaluronate dots (dHA) with 3,3‐(propane‐2,2‐diylbis(sulfanediyl))dipropionic acid (PSDA) as a cleavable crosslinker mediated by singlet oxygen, and chlorin e6 (Ce6) as a representative model drug for photodynamic therapy. The hyaluronic acid (HA) component within dHAc‐PSDA‐Ce6 was harnessed for the specific targeting of CD44 receptors that are overexpressed on tumor cells. Upon subjecting the vicinity of tumor cells to light irradiation, the PSDA crosslinker within dHAc‐PSDA‐Ce6 undergoes cleavage, likely facilitated by the singlet oxygen generated by Ce6. This cleavage process leads to the formation of dHA‐Ce6 molecules. We hypothesized that a nanocluster, circulating safely within the bloodstream, would undergo a transformation into individual dHA‐Ce6 molecules upon light irradiation at the localized tumor site. This transformation, in turn, enhances the photodynamic antitumor effect. Our in vitro investigations have demonstrated the remarkable efficacy of dHAc‐PSDA‐Ce6 in inducing tumor cell death upon light irradiation. Furthermore, our in vivo biodistribution studies have revealed the substantial accumulation of these nanoclusters within the tumor site. We anticipate that this singlet oxygen‐responsive nanocluster harbors substantial promise for enhancing tumor accumulation and fortifying the effectiveness of tumor eradication.
Can the ROX index predict high‐flow nasal cannula failure in children under 2 with lower respiratory tract infection?
Authors: Vasquez‐Hoyos Pablo , Jacome‐Orozco Alvaro L. , Rodriguez‐Mayorga Andrea P. , Sepulveda‐Forero Leidy E. , Escobar‐Serna Diana P. , Barajas Juan S. , Obando‐Belalcazar Evelyn , Salinas‐Jaimes Claudia M. , Peralta‐Palmezano Juan J. , Jimenez‐Chavez Alexandra , Camacho‐Jimenez Rafael E. , Dominguez‐Rojas Jesus A. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis study evaluates the ROX index's accuracy in predicting the success or failure of high‐flow nasal cannula (HFNC) therapy in children under 2 years with acute respiratory failure (ARF) from lower respiratory tract infections.MethodsFrom January 2018 to 2021 we conducted this multicenter retrospective cohort study, which included patients aged 2–24 months. We aimed to assess HFNC therapy outcomes as either success or failure. The analysis covered patient demographics, diagnoses, vital signs, and ROX index values at intervals from 0 to 48 h after initiating HFNC. We used bivariate analysis, repeated measures ANOVA, multivariate logistic regression, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUC‐ROC) curve for statistical analysis.ResultsThe study involved 529 patients from six centers, with 198 females (37%) and a median age of 9 months (IQR: 3–15 months). HFNC therapy failed in 38% of cases. We observed significant variability in failure rates across different centers and physicians (p < .001). The ROX index was significantly associated with HFNC outcomes at all time points, showing an increasing trend in success cases over time (p < .001), but not in HFNC failure cases. Its predictive ability is limited, with AUC‐ROC values ranging from 0.56 at the start to 0.67 at 48 h.ConclusionWhile the ROX index is associated with HFNC outcomes in children under 2 years, its predictive ability is modest, impacted by significant variability among patients, physicians, and centers. These findings emphasize the need for more reliable predictive tools for HFNC therapy in this patient population.
A novel approach involving reversed placement of endobronchial valves combined with retrograde methylene blue instillation for the localization of multifocal bronchopleural fistula
Authors: Xu Weihua , Chen Ming , Xu Jiagan , Wang Lei , Peng Congbin , Mo Guohong 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe bronchopleural fistula (BPF) is a pathological communication between the bronchus and the pleural space. Diagnosing BPF poses a significant challenge for physicians, particularly when identifying multifocal BPFs. Traditionally, retrograde instillation of methylene blue (MB) into the pleural cavity with simultaneous observation with a bronchoscope has been used to locate a BPF. However, MB instillation is not effective in identifying multifocal BPFs. In this article, we report a new method for locating multifocal BPFs which involves placing the endobronchial valve (EBV) in reverse combined with retrograde MB instillation. First, the thoracic cavity is filled with MB solution. Then, using bronchoscopy, the location of a BPF can be identified as the MB solution flows into the bronchus. Secondly, an EBV is deployed in reverse in the bronchus where the identified BPF is located. Retrograde MB instillation is then repeated to locate any additional BPFs until no new ones are found. Two cases were reported using this novel method to identify multifocal BPFs, and each case was ultimately diagnosed with 2 BPFs. After precisely locating all the BPFs, the EBVs are then removed and placed forward in the target bronchi for treating the BPFs. During the follow‐up period, no recurrence of BPFs was observed. We conclude that reversed placement of EBVs combined with retrograde MB instillation appears to be an effective approach for locating multifocal BPFs.
Wogonin induces apoptosis in macrophages by exhibiting cytotoxic and genotoxic effects
Authors: Tsai Ping‐Kun , Chiang Chen‐Yu , Wang Tzu‐Ching , Yeh Kun‐Lin , Chen Wen‐Ying , Chen Chun‐Jung , Tseng Ching‐Chi , Deng Lie‐Hua , Tzen Jason Tze Cheng , Lu Yin‐Che , Kuan Yu‐Hsiang 
Published: February 2024

AbstractMacrophages play an important role in defending the body against invading pathogens. In the face of pathogens, macrophages become activated and release toxic materials that disrupt the pathogens. Macrophage overactivation can lead to severe illness and inflammation. Wogonin has several therapeutic effects, including anti‐inflammatory, anticancer, antioxidant, and neuroprotective effects. No studies have investigated the cytotoxic effects of wogonin at concentrations of more than 0.1 mM in RAW264.7 cells. In this study, RAW 264.7 cells were treated with wogonin, which, at concentrations of more than 0.1 mM, had cytotoxic and genotoxic effects in the RAW264.7 cells, leading to apoptosis and necrosis. Further, wogonin at concentrations of more than 0.1 mM induced caspase‐3, caspase‐8, and caspase‐9 activation and mitochondrial dysfunction and death receptor expression. These results suggest that wogonin induces apoptosis through upstream intrinsic and extrinsic pathways by exhibiting cytotoxic and genotoxic effects.
Alcaligenes faecalis: A bacterium for sustainable management of environment
Authors: Ray Rina Rani , Pattnaik Smaranika 
Published: February 2024

AbstractFor successful management of pollution problems, the use of bacteria is now a popular and widespread technique. Alcaligenes faecalis, an inhabitant of the natural environment, is equipped with machinery for cleaning up different types of contaminants, including heavy metals and xenobiotics. A. faecalis, a gram‐negative, flagellated, nonfermentive, aerobic member of the subgroup proteobacteria, often shows anaerobic respiration using nitrate or nitrite as terminal electron acceptors. It is also gifted with the power of nitrogen fixation and thereby could be used as a biofertilizer. The bacterium also has the unique ability to act as a probiotic and can often be used as a biocontrol agent due to its antimicrobial properties. Hence, for sustainable management of the environment, various strains of this bacterium as active bio‐remediators, bio‐pesticides, biofertilizers, and probiotics are being increasingly applied.
Quality management and competencies in forensic science
Authors: Neuteboom Wim , Ross Alastair , Bugeja Lyndal , Willis Sheila , Roux Claude , Lothridge Kevin 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe competencies and attributes of forensic science professionals are a very important pillar of a Quality Management system. However, a recent international survey identified a lack of agreement on the core cognitive competencies required for working in forensic science. The survey also identified the tools for assessing competencies are not necessarily designed to measure cognitive competencies. In this Perspective, we explore further the topic of competencies and in particular, cognitive competencies and attributes with a focus on forensic science professionals. We identify the critical issue and outline a process through which we will seek the views of leaders in the field, both operational and academic, on what the required cognitive competencies and attributes are for forensic science professionals. The tools used will include a questionnaire and direct interviews. Having identified the key competencies and attributes they can then be promoted, and methods developed to assess them within the recruitment process and continuous professional development programs. We argue that further discussion on this topic is warranted as it impacts on forensic science education, training, recruitment, operations, and overall quality.This article is categorized under:
Forensic Chemistry and Trace Evidence > Presentation and Evaluation of Forensic Science Output
In the Quest of a Social Democracy
Authors: Rahman Andaleeb , Pingali Prabhu 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe introductory chapter of this book highlights the importance of social protection policies against the background of India’s socio-economic transformation and why it ought to be an important part of the development policy. After succinctly putting forward our fundamental argument—the need for a systems approach to social protection and development resilience as the scope of this system—we highlight our contributions to the existing scholarship in this area. We conclude this chapter by laying out the roadmap for the rest of the chapters to follow in this book.
Einleitung
Authors: Merten Moritz 
Published: February 2024

ZusammenfassungJugendliche sind eine bei der Stadtplanung vernachlässigte Gruppe. Im Gegensatz zur Altersgruppe der Kinder, für die Spielplätze geplant und gebaut werden, gibt es keine öffentlichen Räume, die explizit für die Nutzung durch Jugendliche vorgesehen sind. Dabei sind Jugendliche „freizeitprivilegiert“, besitzen also im Vergleich zu anderen Altersgruppen verhältnismäßig viel Zeit, über die sie frei verfügen können.
Städtische Räume als Kontext adoleszenter Sozialisation
Authors: Merten Moritz 
Published: February 2024

ZusammenfassungStädtische Räume spielen eine wichtige Rolle für die Sozialisationsprozesse von Jugendlichen. In diesem Kapitel wird daher ausführlich die Relevanz städtischer Räume für die jugendliche Sozialisation diskutiert. Dabei wird sowohl die Bedeutung des Wohnquartiers betrachtet als auch vorhandene Forschung aus dem Feld der Nachbarschaftseffektforschung zusammengefasst und kritisch reflektiert. Daran anknüpfend werden Ansätze aus der Aktionsraumforschung vorgestellt, die über das Quartier hinausgehen und die alltäglichen Aktivitäten und ihre räumliche Verteilung in den Blick nehmen. Es folgt die Zusammenfassung wichtiger empirischer Arbeiten aus der Jugend-, Nachbarschaftseffekt- und Aktionsraumforschung. Die wichtigsten Einsichten werden zu Hypothesen ausgearbeitet. Diese werden anschließend anhand der Ergebnisse aus zwei explorativen Vorerhebungen zu Aktivitätsräumen von Jugendlichen in Kassel einer ersten empirischen Prüfung unterzogen.
Ein neuer methodischer Ansatz zur Erfassung von Aktivitätsräumen
Authors: Merten Moritz 
Published: February 2024

ZusammenfassungIm methodischen Teil der Arbeit, dem vierten Kapitel, werden zunächst vorhandene empirischen Ansätze zum räumlichen Freizeitverhalten von Jugendlichen kritisch diskutiert und zur Begründung des Forschungsdesigns dieser Arbeit herangezogen. Anschließend werden alle Schritte der quantitativen Forschungsphase, von der Stichprobenziehung über die Erhebung bis zur Auswertung, detailliert dargestellt. Es folgt die ausführliche Darlegung der qualitativen Forschungsphase, vom Feldzugang über den Ablauf der Interviews bis zu ihrer Auswertung.
Freizeitverhalten und Aktivitätsräume Berliner Jugendlicher
Authors: Merten Moritz 
Published: February 2024

ZusammenfassungEntlang der im zweiten Kapitel herausgearbeiteten und im dritten Kapitel ergänzten Hypothesen werden im fünften Kapitel die Ergebnisse der quantitativen Befragung Berliner Schüler*innen vorgestellt und diskutiert. Dafür werden zunächst Häufigkeiten und bivariate Zusammenhänge zum Freizeitverhalten und der Bedeutung von Stadtstruktur und Mobilität für den jugendlichen Alltag analysiert. Anschließend werden die Ergebnisse der Regressionsanalysen zu Aktivitätsraumgrößen und Freizeitkontexten vorgestellt und erörtert. Abschließend wird ein Fazit mit Bezug zu den Hypothesen und der vorliegenden Literatur gezogen.
Double copy for tree-level form factors. Part I. Foundations
Authors: Lin Guanda , Yang Gang 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The double-copy construction for form factors was reported in our previous work, in which a novel mechanism of turning spurious poles in Yang-Mills theory into physical poles in gravity is observed. This paper is the first of a series of two papers providing the details as well as various generalizations on the double-copy construction of tree-level form factors. In this paper, we establish the generic formalism by focusing on the form factor of tr(ϕ2) in the Yang-Mills-scalar theory. A thorough discussion is given on the emergence of the “spurious”-type poles and various related properties. We also discuss two generalizations: the Higgs amplitudes in QCD, and the tr(ϕ2) form factors with multiple external scalar states.
Holographic a-functions and Boomerang RG flows
Authors: Cáceres Elena , Vásquez Rodrigo Castillo , Landsteiner Karl , Landea Ignacio Salazar 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
We use the radial null energy condition to construct a monotonic a-function for a certain type of non-relativistic holographic RG flows. We test our a-function in three different geometries that feature a Boomerang RG flow, characterized by a domain wall between two AdS spaces with the same AdS radius, but with different (and sometimes direction-dependent) speeds of light. We find that the a-function monotonically decreases and goes to a constant in the asymptotic regimes of the geometry. Using the holographic dictionary in this asymptotic AdS spaces, we find that the a-function not only reads the fixed point central charge but also the speed of light, suggesting what the correct RG charge might be for non-relativistic RG flows.
Light scalars at the cosmological collider
Authors: Chakraborty Priyesh , Stout John 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
We study the self-energies of weakly interacting scalar fields in de Sitter space with one field much lighter than the Hubble scale. We argue that self-energies drastically simplify in this light limit. We illustrate this in theories with two scalar fields, one heavy and one light, interacting with one another through either cubic or quartic interactions. To regulate infrared divergences, we compute these self-energies in Euclidean de Sitter space and then carefully analytically continue to Lorentzian signature. In particular, we do this for the most general renormalizable theory of two scalar fields with even interactions to leading order in the coupling and the mass of the light field. These self-energies are determined by de Sitter sunset diagrams, whose analytic structure and UV divergences we derive. Even at very weak couplings, the light field can substantially change how the heavy field propagates over long distances. The light field’s existence may then be inferred from how it modifies the heavy field’s oscillatory contribution to the primordial bispectrum in the squeezed limit, i.e. its cosmological collider signal.
Reevaluation des Notarzteinsatzindikationskataloges nach Verkehrsunfällen
Authors: Hetz Michael , Babisch Stefan , Unger Thomas , Schaser Klaus-Dieter , Kleber Christian 
Published: February 2024

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Der Notarztindikationskatalog basiert auf veralteten Studien und gibt wenig Anhalt für Alarmierungskriterien nach Verkehrsunfällen. Fortschritte der Fahrzeugsicherheitstechnik und Veränderungen der verfügbaren Ressourcen machen eine Reevaluation der Indikationen notwendig. Ziel dieser retrospektiven Registerstudie ist die Identifizierung von präklinisch erfassbaren Unfallvariablen für schwere Verletzungen nach Verkehrsunfällen.

Methodik
Im Zeitraum 01.01.2000–31.12.2021 wurden 47.145 Verunfallte anhand der GIDAS-Datenbank eingeschlossen. Separate Datensätze für Schwer- (AIS 3+) und Leichtverletzte wurden ausgewertet.

Ergebnisse
Herausschleudern (PPW 80,6 %), Einklemmung (PPW 75,6 %), brennende Fahrzeuge (PPW 57,1 %), problematische Rettung (PPW 56,3 %), Fahrzeugzerreißung (PPW 51,6 %) und Amnesie (PPW 50,3 %) wiesen auf schwere Verletzungen bei Fahrzeuginsassen hin. Bei ungeschützten Verkehrsteilnehmern (Motorrad‑, Fahrradfahrende, zu Fuß Gehende) wurden auch Helmverlust (PPW 61,1 %), Überrollen/Mitschleifen (PPW 41,9 %), Scheibenbruch am Gegnerfahrzeug (PPW 35,8 %) und Folgeanprall mit Objekten (PPW 31,1 %) identifiziert. Der Chi-Quadrat-Test zeigte signifikante Assoziationen zwischen den Variablen und schweren Verletzungen. Kombinationsvariablen erreichten PPW-Werte über 82 %.

Diskussion
Der Notarztindikationskatalog liefert kaum präklinisch feststellbare Kriterien und sollte anhand der objektiven Registerdaten überarbeitet werden. Abfragemodelle für Leitstellendisponenten sollten getestet werden.
Effect of micro-aeration on syntrophic and methanogenic activity in anaerobic sludge
Authors: Morais Bruno P. , Magalhães Carla P. , Martins Gilberto , Pereira Maria Alcina , Cavaleiro Ana J. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Micro-aeration was shown to improve anaerobic digestion (AD) processes, although oxygen is known to inhibit obligate anaerobes, such as syntrophic communities of bacteria and methanogens. The effect of micro-aeration on the activity and microbial interaction in syntrophic communities, as well as on the potential establishment of synergetic relationships with facultative anaerobic bacteria (FAB) or aerobic bacteria (AB), was investigated. Anaerobic sludge was incubated with ethanol and increasing oxygen concentrations (0–5% in the headspace). Assays with acetate or H2/CO2 (direct substrates for methanogens) were also performed. When compared with the controls (0% O2), oxygen significantly decreased substrate consumption and initial methane production rate (MPR) from acetate or H2/CO2. At 0.5% O2, MPR from these substrates was inhibited 30–40%, and close to 100% at 5% O2. With ethanol, significant inhibition (>36%) was only observed for oxygen concentrations higher than 2.5%. Oxygen was consumed in the assays, pointing to the stimulation of AB/FAB by ethanol, which helped to protect the syntrophic consortia under micro-aerobic conditions. This highlights the importance of AB/FAB in maintaining functional and resilient syntrophic communities, which is relevant for real AD systems (in which vestigial O2 amounts are frequently present), as well as for AD systems using micro-aeration as a process strategy.

Key points
•Micro-aeration impacts syntrophic communities of bacteria and methanogens.
•Oxygen stimulates AB/FAB, maintaining functional and resilient consortia.
•Micro-aeration studies are critical for systems using micro-aeration as a process strategy.
Rapid screening of point mutations by mismatch amplification mutation assay PCR
Authors: Zhang Feng , Liu Zhen Yang , Liu Shuai , Zhang Wei Guo , Wang Bing Bing , Li Chang Lon , Xu Jian Zhong 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Metabolic engineering frequently makes use of point mutation and saturation mutation library creation. At present, sequencing is the only reliable and direct technique to detect point mutation and screen saturation mutation library. In this study, mismatch amplification mutation assay (MAMA) PCR was used to detect point mutation and screen saturation mutation library. In order to fine-tune the expression of odhA encoding 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase E1 component, a saturating mutant library of the RBS of odhA was created in Corynebacterium glutamicum P12 based on the CRISPR-Cas2a genome editing system, which increased the l-proline production by 81.3%. MAMA PCR was used to filter out 42% of the non-mutant transformants in the mutant library, which effectively reduced the workload of the subsequent fermentation test and the number of sequenced samples. The rapid and sensitive MAMA-PCR method established in this study provides a general strategy for detecting point mutations and improving the efficiency of mutation library screening.

Key points
• MAMA PCR was optimized and developed to detect point mutation.
• MAMA PCR greatly improves the screening efficiency of point mutation.
• Attenuation of odhA expression in P12 effectively improves proline production.