bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Protection against overfeeding-induced weight gain is preserved in obesity but does not require FGF21 or MC4R
Authors: Lund Camilla , Ranea-Robles Pablo , Falk Sarah , Rausch Dylan M. , Skovbjerg Grethe , Vibe-Petersen Victoria Kamma , Krauth Nathalie , Skytte Jacob Lercke , Vana Vasiliki , Roostalu Urmas , Pers Tune H. , Lund Jens , Clemmensen Christoffer 
Published: February 2024

AbstractOverfeeding triggers homeostatic compensatory mechanisms that counteract weight gain. Here, we show that both lean and diet-induced obese (DIO) male mice exhibit a potent and prolonged inhibition of voluntary food intake following overfeeding-induced weight gain. We reveal that FGF21 is dispensable for this defense against weight gain. Targeted proteomics unveiled novel circulating factors linked to overfeeding, including the protease legumain (LGMN). Administration of recombinant LGMN lowers body weight and food intake in DIO mice. The protection against weight gain is also associated with reduced vascularization in the hypothalamus and sustained reductions in the expression of the orexigenic neuropeptide genes, Npy and Agrp, suggesting a role for hypothalamic signaling in this homeostatic recovery from overfeeding. Overfeeding of melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R) KO mice shows that these mice can suppress voluntary food intake and counteract the enforced weight gain, although their rate of weight recovery is impaired. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that the defense against overfeeding-induced weight gain remains intact in obesity and involves mechanisms independent of both FGF21 and MC4R.
Drug repurposing screen identifies lonafarnib as respiratory syncytial virus fusion protein inhibitor
Authors: Sake Svenja M. , Zhang Xiaoyu , Rajak Manoj Kumar , Urbanek-Quaing Melanie , Carpentier Arnaud , Gunesch Antonia P. , Grethe Christina , Matthaei Alina , Rückert Jessica , Galloux Marie , Larcher Thibaut , Le Goffic Ronan , Hontonnou Fortune , Chatterjee Arnab K. , Johnson Kristen , Morwood Kaycie , Rox Katharina , Elgaher Walid A. M. , Huang Jiabin , Wetzke Martin , Hansen Gesine , Fischer Nicole , Eléouët Jean-Francois , Rameix-Welti Marie-Anne , Hirsch Anna K. H. , Herold Elisabeth , Empting Martin , Lauber Chris , Schulz Thomas F. , Krey Thomas , Haid Sibylle , Pietschmann Thomas 
Published: February 2024

AbstractRespiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a common cause of acute lower respiratory tract infection in infants, older adults and the immunocompromised. Effective directly acting antivirals are not yet available for clinical use. To address this, we screen the ReFRAME drug-repurposing library consisting of 12,000 small molecules against RSV. We identify 21 primary candidates including RSV F and N protein inhibitors, five HSP90 and four IMPDH inhibitors. We select lonafarnib, a licensed farnesyltransferase inhibitor, and phase III candidate for hepatitis delta virus (HDV) therapy, for further follow-up. Dose-response analyses and plaque assays confirm the antiviral activity (IC50: 10-118 nM). Passaging of RSV with lonafarnib selects for phenotypic resistance and fixation of mutations in the RSV fusion protein (T335I and T400A). Lentiviral pseudotypes programmed with variant RSV fusion proteins confirm that lonafarnib inhibits RSV cell entry and that these mutations confer lonafarnib resistance. Surface plasmon resonance reveals RSV fusion protein binding of lonafarnib and co-crystallography identifies the lonafarnib binding site within RSV F. Oral administration of lonafarnib dose-dependently reduces RSV virus load in a murine infection model using female mice. Collectively, this work provides an overview of RSV drug repurposing candidates and establishes lonafarnib as a bona fide fusion protein inhibitor.
Experimental warming accelerates positive soil priming in a temperate grassland ecosystem
Authors: Tao Xuanyu , Yang Zhifeng , Feng Jiajie , Jian Siyang , Yang Yunfeng , Bates Colin T. , Wang Gangsheng , Guo Xue , Ning Daliang , Kempher Megan L. , Liu Xiao Jun A. , Ouyang Yang , Han Shun , Wu Linwei , Zeng Yufei , Kuang Jialiang , Zhang Ya , Zhou Xishu , Shi Zheng , Qin Wei , Wang Jianjun , Firestone Mary K. , Tiedje James M. , Zhou Jizhong 
Published: February 2024

AbstractUnravelling biosphere feedback mechanisms is crucial for predicting the impacts of global warming. Soil priming, an effect of fresh plant-derived carbon (C) on native soil organic carbon (SOC) decomposition, is a key feedback mechanism that could release large amounts of soil C into the atmosphere. However, the impacts of climate warming on soil priming remain elusive. Here, we show that experimental warming accelerates soil priming by 12.7% in a temperate grassland. Warming alters bacterial communities, with 38% of unique active phylotypes detected under warming. The functional genes essential for soil C decomposition are also stimulated, which could be linked to priming effects. We incorporate lab-derived information into an ecosystem model showing that model parameter uncertainty can be reduced by 32–37%. Model simulations from 2010 to 2016 indicate an increase in soil C decomposition under warming, with a 9.1% rise in priming-induced CO2 emissions. If our findings can be generalized to other ecosystems over an extended period of time, soil priming could play an important role in terrestrial C cycle feedbacks and climate change.
The scientific journey of a novel adjuvant (AS37) from bench to bedside
Authors: D’Oro Ugo , O’Hagan Derek T. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractA decade ago, we described a new approach to discover next generation adjuvants, identifying small-molecule immune potentiators (SMIPs) as Toll-like receptor (TLR)7 agonists. We also optimally formulated these drugs through adsorption to aluminum salts (alum), allowing them to be evaluated with a range of established and early-stage vaccines. Early proof-of-concept studies showed that a TLR7 agonist (TLR7a)-based SMIP, when adsorbed to alum, could perform as an effective adjuvant for a variety of different antigens, in both small and large animals. Studies in rodents demonstrated that the adjuvant enhanced immunogenicity of a recombinant protein-based vaccine against Staphylococcus aureus, and also showed potential to improve existing vaccines against pertussis or meningococcal infection. Extensive evaluations showed that the adjuvant was effective in non-human primates (NHPs), exploiting a mechanism of action that was consistent across the different animal models. The adjuvant formulation (named AS37) has now been advanced into clinical evaluation. A systems biology-based evaluation of the phase I clinical data with a meningococcal C conjugate vaccine showed that the AS37-adjuvanted formulation had an acceptable safety profile, was potent, and activated the expected immune pathways in humans, which was consistent with observations from the NHP studies. In the intervening decade, several alternative TLR7 agonists have also emerged and advanced into clinical development, such as the alum adsorbed TLR7/8 SMIP present in a widely distributed COVID-19 vaccine. This review summarizes the research and early development of the new adjuvant AS37, with an emphasis on the steps taken to allow its progression into clinical evaluations.
ezBIDS: Guided standardization of neuroimaging data interoperable with major data archives and platforms
Authors: Levitas Daniel , Hayashi Soichi , Vinci-Booher Sophia , Heinsfeld Anibal , Bhatia Dheeraj , Lee Nicholas , Galassi Anthony , Niso Guiomar , Pestilli Franco 
Published: February 2024

AbstractData standardization promotes a common framework through which researchers can utilize others’ data and is one of the leading methods neuroimaging researchers use to share and replicate findings. As of today, standardizing datasets requires technical expertise such as coding and knowledge of file formats. We present ezBIDS, a tool for converting neuroimaging data and associated metadata to the Brain Imaging Data Structure (BIDS) standard. ezBIDS contains four major features: (1) No installation or programming requirements. (2) Handling of both imaging and task events data and metadata. (3) Semi-automated inference and guidance for adherence to BIDS. (4) Multiple data management options: download BIDS data to local system, or transfer to OpenNeuro.org or to brainlife.io. In sum, ezBIDS requires neither coding proficiency nor knowledge of BIDS, and is the first BIDS tool to offer guided standardization, support for task events conversion, and interoperability with OpenNeuro.org and brainlife.io.
Tone in politics is not systematically related to macro trends, ideology, or experience
Authors: Pipal Christian , Bakker Bert N. , Schumacher Gijs , van der Velden Mariken A. C. G. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWhat explains the variation in tone in politics? Different literatures argue that changes in the tone of politicians reflect changes in the economy, general language, well-being, or ideology. So far, these claims have been empirically tested only in isolation, in single country studies, or with a small subset of indicators. We offer an overarching view by modelling the use of tone in European national parliaments in 7 countries across 30 years. Using a semi-supervised sentiment-topic model to measure polarity and arousal in legislative debates, we show in a preregistered multiverse analysis that the tone in legislative debates is not systematically related to previously claimed factors. We also replicate the absence of such systematic relationships using national leader speeches and parties’ election manifestos. There is also no universal trend towards more negativity or emotionality in political language. Overall, our results highlight the importance of multi-lingual and cross-country multiverse analyses for generalizing findings on emotions in politics.
Cortical folding correlates to aging and Alzheimer’s Disease’s cognitive and CSF biomarkers
Authors: de Moraes Fernanda Hansen P. , Sudo Felipe , Carneiro Monteiro Marina , de Melo Bruno R. P. , Mattos Paulo , Mota Bruno , Tovar-Moll Fernanda 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis manuscript presents the quantification and correlation of three aspects of Alzheimer’s Disease evolution, including structural, biochemical, and cognitive assessments. We aimed to test a novel structural biomarker for neurodegeneration based on a cortical folding model for mammals. Our central hypothesis is that the cortical folding variable, representative of axonal tension in white matter, is an optimal discriminator of pathological aging and correlates with altered loadings in Cerebrospinal Fluid samples and a decline in cognition and memory. We extracted morphological features from T1w 3T MRI acquisitions using FreeSurfer from 77 Healthy Controls (age = 66 ± 8.4, 69% females), 31 Mild Cognitive Impairment (age = 72 ± 4.8, 61% females), and 13 Alzheimer’s Disease patients (age = 77 ± 6.1, 62% females) of recruited volunteers in Brazil to test its discriminative power using optimal cut-point analysis. Cortical folding distinguishes the groups with reasonable accuracy (Healthy Control-Alzheimer’s Disease, accuracy = 0.82; Healthy Control-Mild Cognitive Impairment, accuracy = 0.56). Moreover, Cerebrospinal Fluid biomarkers (total Tau, A$$\beta $$
β
1-40, A$$\beta $$
β
1-42, and Lipoxin) and cognitive scores (Cognitive Index, Rey’s Auditory Verbal Learning Test, Trail Making Test, Digit Span Backward) were correlated with the global neurodegeneration in MRI aiming to describe health, disease, and the transition between the two states using morphology.
Improved prediction of clinical pregnancy using artificial intelligence with enhanced inner cell mass and trophectoderm images
Authors: Kim Hyung Min , Ko Taehoon , Kang Hyoeun , Choi Sungwook , Park Jong Hyuk , Chung Mi Kyung , Kim Miran , Kim Na Young , Lee Hye Jun 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis study aimed to assess the performance of an artificial intelligence (AI) model for predicting clinical pregnancy using enhanced inner cell mass (ICM) and trophectoderm (TE) images. In this retrospective study, we included static images of 2555 day-5-blastocysts from seven in vitro fertilization centers in South Korea. The main outcome of the study was the predictive capability of the model to detect clinical pregnancies (gestational sac). Compared with the original embryo images, the use of enhanced ICM and TE images improved the average area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for the AI model from 0.716 to 0.741. Additionally, a gradient-weighted class activation mapping analysis demonstrated that the enhanced image-trained AI model was able to extract features from crucial areas of the embryo in 99% (506/512) of the cases. Particularly, it could extract the ICM and TE. In contrast, the AI model trained on the original images focused on the main areas in only 86% (438/512) of the cases. Our results highlight the potential efficacy of using ICM- and TE-enhanced embryo images when training AI models to predict clinical pregnancy.
Comparative oncology chemosensitivity assay for personalized medicine using low-coherence digital holography of dynamic light scattering from cancer biopsies
Authors: Hua Zhen , Li Zhe , Lim Dawith , Ajrouch Ali , Karkash Ahmad , Jalal Shadia , Childress Michael , Turek John , Nolte David 
Published: February 2024

AbstractNearly half of cancer patients who receive standard-of-care treatments fail to respond to their first-line chemotherapy, demonstrating the pressing need for improved methods to select personalized cancer therapies. Low-coherence digital holography has the potential to fill this need by performing dynamic contrast OCT on living cancer biopsies treated ex vivo with anti-cancer therapeutics. Fluctuation spectroscopy of dynamic light scattering under conditions of holographic phase stability captures ultra-low Doppler frequency shifts down to 10 mHz caused by light scattering from intracellular motions. In the comparative preclinical/clinical trials presented here, a two-species (human and canine) and two-cancer (esophageal carcinoma and B-cell lymphoma) analysis of spectral phenotypes identifies a set of drug response characteristics that span species and cancer type. Spatial heterogeneity across a centimeter-scale patient biopsy sample is assessed by measuring multiple millimeter-scale sub-samples. Improved predictive performance is achieved for chemoresistance profiling by identifying red-shifted sub-samples that may indicate impaired metabolism and removing them from the prediction analysis. These results show potential for using biodynamic imaging for personalized selection of cancer therapy.
Introduction of a novel mathematical model for the prediction of the preformed particle gel’s swelling in the presence of monovalent and divalent ions
Authors: Mehrabianfar Parviz , Momeni Mehdi , Razzaghi-Koolaee Farnam , Eslahati Mohammad , Malmir Pourya , Soltani Soulgani Bahram 
Published: February 2024

AbstractExcess water production is one of the challenges that can cause several operational and economic problems. In this work, a comprehensive study of the PPG swelling in the presence of monovalent and divalent ions was conducted. Then, a comprehensive and practical mathematical modified fractal grow (MFG) model that can calculate the amount of PPG swelling in different salinities overtime was introduced. The output of the model was compared with the experimental data and showed a matching of about 80%. The viscosity of the PPGs at various shear rates was studied and matched with the cross-viscosity model. To assess the thermal stability of the particle gels. The TGA result represented the 10% of weight loss up to the reservoir temperature. In the following, core flooding tests with different injection scenarios were conducted. The oil recovery for the water and water/PPG/water scenarios were 39.5% and 71.5%, respectively. Eventually, the relative permeability curves were plotted using the Corey approach, and the effect of the PPG injection on the relative permeability curves was shown. The PPG injection increased oil production and reduced the excess water production by reducing water mobility.
Identification of Maya ruins covered by jungle using Sentinel-1
Authors: Michenot Florent , Hinostroza Israel , Guinvarc’h Regis , Thirion-Lefevre Laetitia 
Published: February 2024

AbstractArchaeologists commonly use airborne LIDAR technology to produce 3D models of structures, even when obscured by a forest canopy. However, this technology has a high cost, both from the plane itself and from the processing of the LIDAR point cloud. Furthermore, this technique can only be used over limited regions. This paper proposes a technique that uses SAR satellite imagery to identify man-made structures hidden by a forest canopy. To do so, we exploit the Ascending and Descending passes of Sentinel-1 so that we obtain two images of the candidate site but from different sight directions. Because of cardinal effects, a large enough building will sign differently from the comparatively isotropic forest canopy it is obscured by. Practically, the technique is based on the ratio of backscattered intensity from these two illumination angles and is well adapted for large areas. The advantages and shortcomings are discussed for the specific case of Sentinel-1 SAR images over two Maya archaeological sites in Central America. Our analysis shows that SAR satellite imagery might provide a free, global-scale way of preselecting sites with large or tall structures to complement LIDAR technology.
Associations of cholecystectomy with metabolic health changes and incident cardiovascular disease: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Park Sangwoo , Jeong Seogsong , Park Sun Jae , Song Jihun , Kim Sung Min , Chang Jooyoung , Choi Seulggie , Cho Yoosun , Oh Yun Hwan , Kim Ji Soo , Park Young Jun , Son Joung Sik , Ahn Joseph C. , Park Sang Min 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAlthough some studies conducted about the risk of cholecystectomy and cardiovascular disease, there was a limit to explaining the relationship. We investigated the short-term and long-term relationship between cholecystectomy and cardiovascular disease, and evidence using the elements of the metabolic index as an intermediate step. It was a retrospective cohort study and we used the National Health Insurance Service database of South Korea between 2002 and 2015. Finally, 5,210 patients who underwent cholecystectomy and 49,457 at 1:10 age and gender-matched controls of subjects were collected. The main results was estimated by Multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression to calculate the hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) for risk of cardiovascular disease after cholecystectomy. Regarding short-term effects of cholecystectomy, increased risk of cardiovascular disease (aHR 1.35, 95% CI 1.15–1.58) and coronary heart disease (aHR 1.77, 95% CI 1.44–2.16) were similarly seen within 2 years of surgery. When analyzing the change in metabolic risk factors, cholecystectomy was associated with a change in systolic blood pressure (adjusted mean [aMean]: 1.51, 95% CI: [− 1.50 to − 4.51]), total cholesterol (aMean − 14.14, [− 20.33 to 7.95]) and body mass index (aMean − 0.13, [− 0.37 to 0.11]). Cholecystectomy patients had elevated risk of cardiovascular disease in the short-term, possibly due to the characteristics of the patient before surgery. The association of cholecystectomy and cardiovascular disease has decreased after 2 years in patients who underwent cholecystectomy, suggesting that because of improvement of metabolic health, cholecystectomy-associated elevation of cardiovascular disease risk may be ameliorated 2 years after cholecystectomy.
Crystallization kinetics of nanoconfined GeTe slabs in GeTe/TiTe$$_2$$-like superlattices for phase change memories
Authors: Acharya Debdipto , Abou El Kheir Omar , Campi Davide , Bernasconi Marco 
Published: February 2024

AbstractSuperlattices made of alternating blocks of the phase change compound Sb$$_2$$

2

Te$$_3$$

3

and of TiTe$$_2$$

2

confining layers have been recently proposed for applications in neuromorphic devices. The Sb$$_2$$

2

Te$$_3$$

3

/TiTe$$_2$$

2

heterostructure allows for a better control of multiple intermediate resistance states and for a lower drift with time of the electrical resistance of the amorphous phase. However, Sb$$_2$$

2

Te$$_3$$

3

suffers from a low data retention due to a low crystallization temperature T$$_x$$

x

. Substituting Sb$$_2$$

2

Te$$_3$$

3

with a phase change compound with a higher T$$_x$$

x

, such as GeTe, seems an interesting option in this respect. Nanoconfinement might, however, alters the crystallization kinetics with respect to the bulk. In this work, we investigated the crystallization process of GeTe nanoconfined in geometries mimicking GeTe/TiTe$$_2$$

2

superlattices by means of molecular dynamics simulations with a machine learning potential. The simulations reveal that nanoconfinement induces a mild reduction in the crystal growth velocities which would not hinder the application of GeTe/TiTe$$_2$$

2

heterostructures in neuromorphic devices with superior data retention.
Symbiosis, dysbiosis and the impact of horizontal exchange on bacterial microbiomes in higher fungus-gardening ants
Authors: Bringhurst Blake , Greenwold Matthew , Kellner Katrin , Seal Jon N. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAdvances in our understanding of symbiotic stability have demonstrated that microorganisms are key to understanding the homeostasis of obligate symbioses. Fungus-gardening ants are excellent model systems for exploring how microorganisms may be involved in symbiotic homeostasis as the host and symbionts are macroscopic and can be easily experimentally manipulated. Their coevolutionary history has been well-studied; examinations of which have depicted broad clade-to-clade specificity between the ants and fungus. Few studies hitherto have addressed the roles of microbiomes in stabilizing these associations. Here, we quantified changes in microbiome structure as a result of experimentally induced horizontal exchange of symbionts. This was done by performing cross-fostering experiments forcing ants to grow novel fungi and comparing known temporally unstable (undergoing dysbiosis) and stable combinations. We found that fungus-gardening ants alter their unstable, novel garden microbiomes into configurations like those found in native gardens. Patterns of dysbiosis/symbiosis appear to be predictable in that two related species with similar specificity patterns also show similar patterns of microbial change, whereas a species with more relaxed specificity does not show such microbiome change or restructuring when growing different fungi. It appears that clade-to-clade specificity patterns are the outcomes of community-level interactions that promote stability or cause symbiotic collapse.