bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative studies on bioavailability and tissue uptake of two intraruminally or intraperitoneally administered esters of α-tocopherol in sheep
Authors: Hidiroglou M. , Charmley E. 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
An experiment was conducted to compare the bioavailability of dl-α-tocopherol acetate (ta) with that of dl-α-tocopherol nicotinate (tn) when administered to sheep, as a single dose, either into the rumen or the peritoneal cavity. A total of 16 sheep were used in a factorial design, with 4 sheep/treatment at the interaction level. In addition, 5 sheep that received no supplemental α-tocopherol, were euthanatized at the end of the trial to provide baseline data for tissue α-tocopherol concentrations. Curves were fitted to the plasma α-tocopherol concentration values, taken over 180 hours after administration of the esters. Availability of ta was greater than tn, as evidenced by the significantly higher curve parameter values (P < 0.05) and tissue concentrations (P < 0.05). Route of administration had a marked effect on availability of ta (P < 0.001), but not of tn.
Experimental establishment of persistent infection in swine with a zoonotic strain of Salmonella newport
Authors: Wood Richard L. , Rose Rebecca , Coe Nancy E. , Ferris Kathleen E. 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
An experiment was conducted to determine whether a persistent Salmonella newport infection could be established in swine, to determine duration of shedding and distribution of the organism in internal organs, and to determine whether changes occurred in antimicrobial susceptibility or plasmid profile of the organism during the course of long-term infection. Naturally farrowed Salmonella-free pigs (n = 22) were orally exposed to a multiply antimicrobial-resistant zoonotic strain of S newport when they were 7 weeks old. Tonsillar and rectal swab specimens were examined bacteriologically for S newport during the first week after exposure, then weekly for 7 weeks. Fecal samples were likewise examined weekly or every 2 weeks for 28 weeks after exposure. Necropsies of 2 or 3 randomly selected pigs were conducted at 2, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, and 28 weeks after exposure. A total of 45 specimens/pig representing the following internal organs or tissues were examined bacteriologically for S newport: liver, spleen, kidney, gallbladder, heart, heart blood, lung, stomach, and tonsils; segments of the intestinal tract with corresponding lymph nodes; and lymph nodes from lymphocenters of the head and neck, thoracic cavity, thoracic limbs, abdominal viscera, and abdominal wall. Exposure to S newport induced a mild and transient clinical response. The organism was recovered from 97% of tonsillar swab specimens and 89% of rectal swab specimens collected during 7 weeks after exposure and from 98% of fecal samples collected during 28 weeks after exposure. At necropsy, S newport was recovered most frequently from tonsils (86.4%), followed by segments of the intestinal tract from ileum to rectum (81.8% recovery from cecal contents), and from mandibular (68.2%), jejunal (50%), and ileocolic (45.5%) lymph nodes. Sporadic recoveries of the organism were made from other lymph nodes and from gallbladder, stomach, kidney, spleen, liver, and heart, varying from 2 to 20 weeks after exposure. The cranial portion of jejunum, medial iliac lymph nodes, dorsal superficial cervical lymph node, and heart blood of all pigs were culture-negative. Of 26 representative isolates of S newport recovered from body organs or feces during 28 weeks after exposure, 4 (15.4%) underwent changes in antimicrobial susceptibility pattern. Changes in plasmid profile of the organism were not detected during longterm infection of swine.
Effects of amiodarone on myocardial performance in normal canine hearts and canine hearts with infarcts
Authors: Ware Wendy A. , Muir William W. , Swanson Clifford 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
The effects of iv administered amiodarone, a class-III antiarrhythmic agent, on myocardial contractility, early myocardial relaxation, and hemodynamic variables were evaluated in normal canine hearts and those with infarcts. In the normal canine heart, amiodarone had important, but relatively mild, depressant effects on left ventricular contractility (assessed by maximal positive first derivative of left ventricular pressure (+ dP/dtmax) and maximal elastance (Emax)) and heart rate when given iv at a dose of 10 mg/kg of body weight. An effect on contractility or active relaxation (assessed by maximal negative first derivative of left ventricular pressure (— dP/dtmax) and the time constant of isovolumic pressure decrease) was not identified with smaller doses. Myocardial infarction itself caused a predictable and marked depressant effect on myocardial contractility, as indicated by decreases in + dP/dtmax, ejection fraction, Emax, and — dP/dtmax, and elevation in end diastolic pressure. Additional depressive effects on contractility and active relaxation resulted when 10 mg of amiodarone/kg was administered to dogs with myocardial infarction and these effects were sufficient to worsen acute myocardial infarction-induced heart failure. Significant changes attributable to heart rate alone could not be identified. On the basis of our findings, we suggest that amiodarone administered iv should be used with caution in dogs with compromised ventricular function.
Effect of milbemycin oxime against Ancylostorna caninum in dogs with naturally acquired infection
Authors: Wade C. G. , Mercer S. H. , Hepler D. I. , Craig T. M. 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
Twenty-six mixed-breed (14 males, 12 females) dogs were used in a double-blind study to evaluate the effect of milbemycin oxime against naturally acquired infection with Ancylostorna caninum. Dogs were ranked and paired, on the basis of number of hookworm eggs/g of feces, and treatment was randomly assigned. Each dog was given either the study drug or placebo (1 tablet/11.4 kg [0.5 mg/ kg] of body weight). Eggs per gram of feces enumeration was done on days 3 and 7 after treatment, and dogs were euthanatized on day 7.
On day 3, 5 of the 13 dogs in the milbemycin-treated group had hookworm eggs in the feces (results of the McMaster test). In these dogs, mean number of eggs per gram of feces had decreased markedly (from 5,289 to 452) and, by day 7, was 114. At necropsy, 16 A caninum adults were recovered from 2 of the milbemycin-treated dogs. On day 3, 12 of the 13 dogs in the placebo-treated group had hookworm eggs in the feces. Mean number of eggs per gram of feces in these dogs decreased slightly (from 5,243 to 2,646), but did not decrease further by day 7. A mean number of 54.4 A caninum adults was recovered from 12 of the 13 placebo-treated dogs at necropsy. Milbemycin oxime had 97.8% efficacy against A caninum. Results also indicated that milbemycin oxime may be effective against Trichuris vulpis, but not against Dipylidium caninum.
Nuclear imaging of the stomach of healthy dogs
Authors: Berardi Cynthia , Twardock A. Robert , Wheaton Lynn G. , Schaeffer David J. 
Published: January 2024

Summary
To evaluate the use of technetium pertechnetate (99mTcO4) as a means of estimating gastric mucosal integrity, nuclear images of the empty stomach were obtained from 6 dogs at 20, 40, 60, 120, 180, and 240 minutes after iv administration of the radiopharmaceutical. Blood and gastric secretion samples were collected during the same time intervals. The left lateral-view image of the stomach was used to calculate the relative fraction of the dose in the stomach and the count density ratio. Between 20 and 40 minutes and 40 and 60 minutes, significant differences (P < 0.001) were apparent in the amount of 99mTcO4 in the stomach. Blood concentration of 99mTcO4 decreased significantly (P < 0.001), whereas gastric secretion concentration increased significantly (P < 0.001) over time. Qualitative assessment of the gastric nuclear scans and the statistical analytic results indicated that the optimal time for imaging the canine stomach was between 40 and 60 minutes after radiopharmaceutical administration. In a second study, the same dogs were pretreated with the H2-receptor antagonist cimetidine and the cholinergic antagonist glycopyrrolate to block gastric secretions. Over time, changes in the relative dose fraction in the stomach and the density ratio were the same as values obtained during the experiment performed without use of cimetidine and glycopyrrolate. Results of the study indicate that nuclear imaging with 99mTcO4 outlines normal canine gastric mucosa and that pretreatment with cimetidine and glycopyrrolate has no effect on the quality of the gastric image.
Reversibility of furazolidone-induced cardiotoxicosis in ducklings
Authors: Webb Dale M. , Van Vleet John F. 
Published: January 2024

Summary
Furazolidone cardiotoxicosis was induced in 2 groups (fz and fz-cr groups) of newly hatched male Pekin ducklings (100/group) by feeding a ration containing 650 mg of furazolidone/kg of feed (ppm) for 28 days. A third group (control ration, cr group; n = 100) was fed the same ration without furazolidone. On day 28, the control ration was initiated for the fz-cr group initially given the furazolidone-containing ration, to allow recovery from the effects of the drug, whereas ducklings of the fz group continued to consume the furazolidone-containing ration. Biweekly, beginning with week 4, ducklings were euthanatized to assess severity of gross lesions and to obtain sections of myocardium for histologic and ultrastructural examination. Clinical evidence (increased weight gain, increased feed consumption, decreased mortality, reduced prevalence of palpable ascites) of regression of cardiotoxicosis of ducklings of the fz-cr group was nearly complete by day 56 (28 days after cessation of furazolidone intake). Likewise, regression of gross lesions, as measured by overall prevalence of gross lesions, left ventricular volume, and ascites prevalence and severity, were also essentially complete by day 56. Myofibrillar lysis was not seen in sections from the heart (examined ultrastructurally) obtained from ducklings of the cr group that were euthanatized on day 28, 56, or 98. Myofibrillar lysis was detected in all ducklings (4/4) fed furazolidone (fz and fz-cr groups) and euthanatized on day 28. Myofibrillar lysis was not seen in the heart of ducklings of the fz-cr group that were euthanatized on day 56 or 98. Myofibrillar lysis was detected in the heart from all ducklings of the fz group that were euthanatized on day 56. Leptomeres were observed in cardiac myocytes of ducklings that had been fed furazolidone, but not in those fed only the control ration. Our clinical, gross pathologic, and ultrastructural findings indicate that regression of the cardiac lesions of furazolidone toxicosis may be essentially complete by 28 days after cessation of furazolidone intake. Our ultrastructural findings indicate that furazolidone consumption may result in cardiac dilatation by altering myofibrillar/cytoskeletal attachments of myocytes.
Comparison of methods to determine glucose kinetics and measurement of recycling and lactose formation in lactating cows
Authors: Biedebach M. C. , Anand R. S. , Black A. L. , Jevning R. 
Published: January 2024

Summary
Several investigators have suggested that the conventional multicompartmental exponential analysis of in vivo glucose metabolism is arbitrary and possibly not the most accurate description of glucose kinetics, especially in the large animal. In support of that hypothesis, we found that in a systematic comparison of 3 methods, blood-specific radioactivity data in single-injection studies of glucose metabolism in lactating cows was better described graphically, or by a hybrid polynomial-biexponential curve fit, than by an exclusively exponential curve fit. We hypothesized that this finding was attributable to partial failure of linearity and steady-state assumptions that underlie the exponential model.
Second, using both an irreversible tracer (3H-labeled glucose) and reversible tracer (14C-labeled glucose), we found that glucose carbon recycling had no effect during the first 2 hours, but became significant in lactating cows 7 hours after injection.
Finally, we determined that approximately 52 to 55% of the glucose replacement rate was being used to generate lactose.
Comparison of antibody response by use of synthetic adjuvant system and Freund complete adjuvant in rabbits
Authors: Mallon Francine M. , Graichen M. Elizabeth , Conway Bruce R. , Landi Margaret S. , Hughes Howard C. 
Published: January 2024

Summary
Two commercially available synthetic adjuvant systems, trehalose dimycolate (tdm) and tdm + monophosphoryl lipid A (mpl), were compared with Freund complete adjuvant (fca) for the ability to stimulate antibody production in New Zealand White rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus). In addition, each animal was evaluated for adverse reactions. The antigen, rat liver microsomal epoxide hydrolase, was administered sc emulsified with fca, tdm, or tdm + mpl. Serum antibody titers were stimulated with all 3 adjuvant-antigen combinations. The highest titer was produced by use of fca; tdm + mpl produced an intermediate response, and tdm produced the lowest titer. All of the rabbits immunized with fca developed sterile subcutaneous abscesses. Rabbits immunized with tdm or tdm + mpl developed no abscesses, and only slight reactions at the injection sites. The synthetic adjuvant system tdm + mpl is recommended for use in rabbits, considering its adequate stimulation of antibody production with minimal adverse reactions.
Resistance of Pasteurella multocida A:3,4 to phagocytosis by turkey macrophages and heterophils
Authors: Harmon Barry G. , Glisson John R. , Latimer Kenneth S. , Steffens W. L. , Nunnally Jean C. 
Published: January 2024

Summary
A virulent field isolate and 2 vaccine strains of Pasteurella multocida A:3,4 were compared for resistance to phagocytosis by turkey macrophages and heterophils, using in vitro assays. The least virulent vaccine strain (M-9) was phagocytosed to a greater degree than was the field isolate or the other vaccine strain (Clemson University). All 3 bacteria differed significantly from each other in the amount of capsular material present as measured by polycationic ferritin labeling and electron microscopy. Removal of the capsule with hyaluronidase resulted in a significant increase in phagocytosis of the field isolate.
Comparison of natural transmission of bovine leukemia virus in Holstein cows of two genetic lines selected for high and average milk production
Authors: Detilleux Johann C. , Freeman A. E. , Miller L. D. 
Published: January 2024

Summary
One hundred and fifty lactating Holstein cows from 2 genetic lines selected for high and average milk production were used in the study. Sera from 6 annual herd tests were analyzed by agar-gel immunodiffusion test for antibodies to bovine leukemia virus. Odds of being seropositive were analyzed by use of stepwise and backward logistic regression procedures. Analysis within birth year revealed that estimated ln odds increased by 0.19/year of age among cows of the high genetic line and by 0.43 among cows of the average genetic line. This was accompanied by a more important cohort effect among high producers than among average producers.
Identification of Mycoplasma gallisepticum by use of monoclonal antibody in a rapid slide agglutination test
Authors: Morsy Mohamad A. , Panangala Victor S. , Gresham Martha M. 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
Monoclonal antibody (MAb) against Mycoplasma gallisepticum strain PG31 was produced in BALB/c mice. The MAb (designated M9) was of IgG3 isotype and reacted with an epitope in M gallisepticum antigens with molecular weights of 35, 90, 95, and 98 kilodaltons (kDa). The M9 reacted with M gallisepticum antigens in the dotblot elisa and in western blot assays. It agglutinated M gallisepticum strains PG31, F, R, S6, A5969, and 9 field isolates from various sources. A coagglutination assay, using Staphylococcus aureus (Cowan strain 1), was developed to enhance the agglutination of some weakly agglutinating M gallisepticum isolates. The M9 did not react with M synoviae, M iowae, M meleagridis, M gallinarum, or M gallinaceum in any of the aforementioned assays. This MAb may be useful in facilitating laboratory diagnosis of M gallisepticum infections.
Use of nonimaging nuclear medicine techniques to assess the effect of flunixin meglumine on effective renal plasma flow and effective renal blood flow in healthy horses
Authors: Held J. P. , Daniel Gregory B. 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
The effect of flunixin meglumine on renal function was studied in 6 healthy horses by use of nonimaging nuclear medicine techniques. Effective renal plasma flow (erpf) and effective renal blood flow (erbf) were determined by plasma clearance of 131I-orthoiodohippuric acid before and after administration of flunixin meglumine. Mean erpf and erbf was 6.03 ml/min/kg and 10.7 ml/min/kg, respectively, before treatment and was 5.7 ml/min/kg and 9.7 ml/min/kg, respectively, after treatment. Although erpf and erbf decreased after flunixin meglumine administration, the difference was not statistically significant.
Pathophysiologic effects of Ostertagia ostertagi in calves and their prevention by strategic anthelmintic treatments
Authors: Xiao L. , Gibbs H. C. , Yang C. 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
Pathophysiologic effects of Ostertagia ostertagi infection and their prevention by strategic anthelmintic treatments were studied in 3 groups each of 6 steer calves. Group-1 calves were noninfected controls. Group-2 calves were inoculated with 100,000 third-stage larvae on the 1st and 28th days of the experiment and grazed on pasture initially free of contamination. Group-3 calves were on a similar regimen as those in group 2, but were also treated with ivermectin 9 days after each larval inoculation. Group-2 calves had increased plasma pepsinogen and gastrin values and decreased weight gains, and total serum protein and albumin concentrations from the 2nd week of infection onward. They were anemic at 10 to 12 weeks and had lower carcass and meat quality at slaughter. Strategic anthelmintic treatments were effective in preventing these effects and calves in groups 1 and 3 had similar performances. On the basis of our findings, high pepsinogen values were related to worm burdens, whereas high gastrin concentrations were related to gastric lesions.
Evaluation of the instantaneous centers of rotation of the stifle before and after repair of torn cruciate ligament by use of the over-the-top technique in dogs
Authors: Mitton Greg R. , Ireland W. P. , Runyon C. L. 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
Seven dogs with torn cruciate ligament were used to evaluate the “over-the-top” repair procedure, using instantaneous center of rotation (icr). Normal and cruciate-torn stifles of dogs were radiographed before surgery, using an image intensifier videotape system. The injured stifle was reradiographed 6 weeks after surgery. Images of the stifles were photographed from video monitor. Photographs were analyzed by a digitizer hooked to a computer to find the icr at various angles. Data were analyzed, using multivariate analysis of variance. Relative to those of normal stifles, icr of the damaged stifles were located significantly (P < 0.05) proximal and caudal. After surgery, the icr were still proximal and caudal, but not significantly so. We conclude that the cruciate-torn stifle deviates significantly from normal and that such deviation is restored to normal limits by use of the over-the-top procedure.
Market stress-associated changes in serum complement activity in feeder calves
Authors: Purdy Charles W. , Richards Alan B. , Foster Gene S. 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
Classical hemolytic complement (C) of calves was analyzed during a protocol designed to imitate the usual market handling of feeder calves from the southeastern United States. Serum C concentrations of the calves (n = 100 × 4 years) were evaluated on their farm of origin, on arrival at an auction market, on arrival at a feedyard, and during their first 4 weeks in the feedyard. Complement concentrations (measured in ch50 units) were typically lowest at the farm of origin and highest when the calves entered the auction market 28 to 133 days later. Serum C concentrations decreased after the calves encountered the severe stresses of being in the auction market for 7 days, 24-hour truck transport (1,932 km) to the feedyard, and the first 7 days in the feedyard. The C concentrations recovered after 21 to 28 days in the feedyard. Steers had significantly (P ≤ 0.05) lower C concentrations than did heifers in 3 of 4 years at the farm of origin, and in 2 of 4 years at the auction market. Morbid calves had significantly (P ≤ 0.05) lower C values than did healthy calves on day 7 in the feedyard in 3 of 4 years. There were significant differences in C concentrations of calves from different farms of origin in each of the 4 years. There was no significant difference in C concentrations of calves that were vaccinated vs those not vaccinated with Pasteurella haemolytica.
Effect of stage of gestation on efficacy of Brucella abortus strain-19 vaccination in cattle
Authors: Crawford Richard P. , Adams L. Garry , Ficht Thomas A. , Templeton Joe W. , Williams John D. 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
Seventy-nine cattle in all stages of gestation were inoculated with a low dose (2.5 × 108 colony-forming units) of Brucella abortus strain 19, then challenge exposed with pathogenic B abortus strain 2308 during the subsequent gestation. A brucellosis case was defined by isolation of strain 2308 from dam or calf samples. Cumulative incidence of brucellosis cases was 48, 33, 25, or 47% for cattle that were, respectively, not pregnant, or 19 to 87, 100 to 167, or 190 to 253 days in gestation at vaccination. The cumulative incidence was 56% in 27 nonvaccinated controls. The 95% confidence intervals for risk ratios included 1 in all cattle, except those that were 100 to 167 days in gestation at vaccination (ie, second trimester); the confidence interval for this group was 0.21 to 0.97. The prevented fraction (1-risk ratio) attributed to strain 19, in ascending order, was 0.14, 0.16, 0.4, or 0.55, respectively, for cattle that were not pregnant, or were 190 to 253, 19 to 87, or 100 to 167 days in gestation at vaccination.
Potential confounders of breed, pen effect, and gestation days at challenge exposure did not significantly affect results. Results supported the hypothesis that stage of gestation at vaccination will affect the prevented fraction of brucellosis, or efficacy of strain 19, in cattle vaccinated with a low dose and, therefore, is one factor that may explain variation in strain 19-induced protection.
Morphologie and morphometric study of the facial nerve in clinically normal adult dogs
Authors: Braund Kyle G. , Mehta Jagjivan R. , Amling Karen A. , Toivio-Kinnucan Maria 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
A morphologic and morphometric study was carried out on the facial nerve: to determine normal histologic data in myelinated fibers of clinically normal young adult dogs; to establish reference values for mean fiber diameter, and to delineate the relative diameter frequency distribution curve. Few degenerative changes were observed in single teased-nerve fibers and semithin cross-sectional nerve preparations. Statistical difference was not observed between left and right facial nerves. The distribution of fiber diameters in the facial nerve was unimodal. Mean ( ± sd) fiber diameter of the facial nerve was 3.92 ± 1.18 μm. Approximately 89% of fibers in the facial nerve had diameter between 3 and 6 μm. Fiber diameter ranged from 2 to 12 μm; however, < 1% of fibers had diameter > 8 μm.