bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Chronic Paroxysmal Hemicrania Concept Expanded
Authors: Spierings Egilius L. H. 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISSince the description of chronic paroxysmal hemicrania as a separate headache syndrome responsive to indomethacin, two other such syndromes have been described, i.e. hemi‐crania continua and episodic paroxysmal hemicrania. Like chronic paroxysmal hemicrania, these syndromes are relatively rare but their recognition is important because of the absolute and seemingly specific response to indomethacin. In the present paper one additional case of each is described.
Cerebral Infarction in Patients With Migraine Accompaniments
Authors: Shuaib Ashfaq , Lee Mary Anne 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISMigraine accompaniments (MA) are transient visual, sensory, motor or behavioral symptoms that are identical to the auras of classical migraine and are thought to have a similar underlying mechanism but which do not occur in association with headache. Cerebral infarction may rarely occur during an episode of migraine and if no other more obvious etiology can be found the infarct is thought to be related to migraine. Cerebral infarction, to our knowledge, has not been reported in association with MA. We now report four patients with a history of MA who developed cerebral infarction. Infarctions were occipital in two cases, frontoparietal in one case and parietal and cerebellar in one case. All patients showed good recovery. The mechanism for cerebral infarction in MA is probably similar to that of infarcts seen with classical migraine.
Long Acting Propranolol in the Prophylaxis of Migraine. Comparison of the Daily Doses of 80 mg and 160 mg
Authors: Havanka‐Kanniainen H. , Hokkanen E. , Myllylä V.V. 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISThe efficacy of long acting propranolol in a dosage of 80 mg once daily in comparison to 160 mg once daily was assessed in the prophylactic treatment of migraine in a double‐blind cross‐over trial. 48 patients with classic or common migraine were included in the investigation, 6 patients withdrew, but only one because of side‐effects. A four week run‐in placebo period preceded the drug treatments, the duration of drug treatments was 12 weeks and there was a wash‐out placebo period of 4 weeks between the treatments.The two long acting propranolol doses, 80 mg and 160 mg once daily seemed to be equally effective. There was no difference in the antimigraineous effect. Long acting propranolol decreased both the frequency and severity of migraine attacks. Side‐effects reported during the trial were mild, both doses were well tolerated. The treatment compliance during the once daily treatment was very good.
Different Forms of Migraine in Childhood and Adolescence: Notes on Personality Traits
Authors: Lanzi G. , Balottin U. , Borgatti R. , Guderzo M. , Scarabello E. 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISThe present study was proposed to explore the association between specific psychopathological factors and the different types of migraine.15 subjects with classic migraine (7 males and 8 females; avg. age 14.9), 15 subjects with common migraine (5 males and 10 females; avg. age 10.5) and 15 subjects with chronic daily headache (8 males and 7 females; avg. age 11.3) were examined.The psychological study of each of them was performed through individual interviews, psychodynamic testing and parental conferences in order to study the individual's personality in a dynamic fashion.With the same modalities 29 normal subjects were also studied (11 males and 18 females; avg. age 11.3).In the remote clinical histories of migrainous subjects the authors found: psychosomatic disturbances in a high percentage of cases (70% in classic and common migraine; 72% in chronic daily headache; 27% in control subjects: F = 7.3 p< 0.01); the presence of a psychologically important event directly associated with the onset of the disease (55% for chronic daily headache, 31% for classic migraine, 27% for common migraine}.As regards the results of statistical analysis of some of the most objective parameters of the Rorschach the authors found: the number of responses of human movement (M) were significantly lower in headache patients, while popular responses (P%), spaces response (S%) and Dr % responses worn in higher percentage in comparison with control. The headache patients also showed significant deceases of F+% and extended F+% while kinesthetic shock and K‐type responses were significantly present.The authors conclude that in migrainous subjects there is a contact with reality which is uninvolved emotionally, and detached, with prevalently rationalized and intellectualized modalities that correspond to the need of blocking the emergence of emotional phantoms.
Infection-Stimulated Fibrin Deposition Controls Hemorrhage and Limits Hepatic Bacterial Growth during Listeriosis
Authors: Mullarky Isis K. , Szaba Frank M. , Berggren Kiera N. , Parent Michelle A. , Kummer Lawrence W. , Chen Wangxue , Johnson Lawrence L. , Smiley Stephen T. 
Published: June 2005

ABSTRACTBacterial infections are major causes of human mortality. The activation of coagulation pathways leading to the deposition of insoluble fibrin frequently accompanies bacterial infection, and much attention has focused upon the pathological attributes of infection-stimulated fibrin deposition. Nevertheless, here we present conclusive evidence that infection-stimulated fibrin deposition can perform critical protective functions during bacterial infection. Specifically, we demonstrate that coagulation-impaired fibrin(ogen)-deficient mice, in comparison with genetically matched control mice, display increased mortality upon peritoneal infection with the gram-positive facultative intracellular bacteriumListeria monocytogenes. To distinguish effects of fibrinogen from those of fibrin, we treat wild-type mice with warfarin, an anticoagulant that suppresses fibrin formation without impacting fibrinogen levels. Warfarin treatment exacerbates listeriosis, suggesting that fibrin is the key mediator of protection. With regard to the underlying protective mechanisms, we demonstrate that fibrin(ogen) suppresses anemia, reduces hemorrhagic pathology, and limits bacterial growth during listeriosis. Despite confirming a prior report that fibrin(ogen) promotes the peritoneal clearance of the extracellular bacteriumStaphylococcal aureus, we demonstrate that fibrin(ogen) plays little role in controlling peritoneal numbers ofL. monocytogenesbacteria or the dissemination ofL. monocytogenesbacteria from the peritoneal cavity. Rather, fibrin(ogen) primarily limits the growth of these intracellular bacteria within hepatic tissue. While the pathological potential of excessive infection-stimulated fibrin deposition is well appreciated, our findings reveal that fibrin can function protectively, via multiple mechanisms, during bacterial infection.
Plasmodium falciparum
Merozoite Surface Protein 8 Is a Ring-Stage Membrane Protein That Localizes to the Parasitophorous Vacuole of Infected Erythrocytes
Authors: Drew Damien R. , Sanders Paul R. , Crabb Brendan S. 
Published: June 2005

ABSTRACT

To date, the following seven glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored merozoite antigens have been described in
Plasmodium falciparum
: merozoite-associated surface protein 1 (MSP-1), MSP-2, MSP-4, MSP-5, MSP-8, MSP-10, and the rhoptry-associated membrane antigen. Of these, MSP-1, MSP-8, and MSP-10 possess a double epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like domain at the C terminus, and these modules are considered potential targets of protective immunity. In this study, we found that surprisingly,
P. falciparum
MSP-8 is transcribed and translated in the ring stage and is absent from the surface of merozoites. MSP-8 is the only GPI-anchored protein known to be expressed at this time. It is synthesized as a mature 80-kDa protein which is rapidly processed to a C-terminal 17-kDa species that contains the double EGF module. As determined by a combination of immunofluorescence and membrane purification approaches, it appears likely that MSP-8 initially localizes to the parasite plasma membrane in the ring stage. Although the C-terminal 17-kDa fragment is present in more mature stages, at these times it is found in the food vacuole. We successfully disrupted the
MSP-8
gene in
P. falciparum
, a process that validated the specificity of the antibodies used in this study and also demonstrated that MSP-8 does not play a role essential to maintenance of the erythrocyte cycle. This finding, together with the observation that MSP-8 is exclusively intracellular, casts doubt over the viability of this antigen as a vaccine. However, it is still possible that MSP-8 is involved in an early parasitophorous vacuole function that is significant for pathogenesis in the human host.
Cellular Immune Suppressor Activity Resides in Lymphocyte Cell Clusters Adjacent to Granulomata in Human Coccidioidomycosis
Authors: Li Lijin , Dial Sharon M. , Schmelz Monika , Rennels Margaret A. , Ampel Neil M. 
Published: June 2005

ABSTRACT

The in situ immunologic response in human coccidioidomycosis remains undefined. To explore this further, pulmonary necrotizing coccidioidal granulomata were examined using immunohistochemical staining for lymphocyte subsets and for the cytokines interleukin-10 (IL-10) and gamma interferon (IFN-γ). Discrete perigranulomatous lymphocytic clusters were seen in eight of nine tissues examined. In these tissues, T lymphocytes (CD3
+
) significantly outnumbered B lymphocytes (CD20
+
) in the mantle area of the granulomata (
P
= 0.028), whereas the clusters were composed of roughly equal numbers of T and B lymphocytes. While the number of cells in the mantle expressing IL-10 was similar to those in the perigranulomatous clusters, there were significantly more cells expressing IFN-γ in the mantle than in the clusters (
P
= 0.037). Confocal microscopy revealed that CD4
+
T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes are associated with IL-10 production. CD4
+
CD25
+
T lymphocytes were identified in the perigranulomatous clusters but were not associated with IL-10 production. This is the first report noting perigranulomatous lymphocyte clusters and IL-10 in association with human coccidioidal granulomata and suggests that down-regulation of the cellular immune response is occurring within coccidioidal granulomata.
Survival ofSalmonella entericaSerovar Typhimurium within Late Endosomal-Lysosomal Compartments of B Lymphocytes Is Associated with the Inability To Use the Vacuolar Alternative Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I Antigen-Processing Pathway
Authors: Rosales-Reyes Roberto , Alpuche-Aranda Celia , Ramírez-Aguilar María de la Luz , Castro-Eguiluz Angel Denisse , Ortiz-Navarrete Vianney 
Published: June 2005

ABSTRACTGamma interferon (IFN-γ)-activated macrophages use an alternative processing mechanism to presentSalmonellaantigens to CD8+T lymphocytes. This pathway involves processing of antigen in a vacuolar compartment followed by secretion and loading of antigenic peptides to major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) molecules on macrophage cell surface and bystander cells. In this study, we have shown that B lymphocytes are not able to processSalmonellaantigens using this alternative pathway. This is due to differences inSalmonella entericaserovar Typhimurium-containing vacuoles (SCV) when comparing late endosomal-lysosomal processing compartments in B lymphocytes to those in macrophages. The IFN-γ-activated IC21 macrophage cell line and A-20 B-cell line were infected with live or deadSalmonella entericaserovar Typhimurium. The SCV in B cells were in a late endosomal-lysosomal compartment, whereas SCV in macrophages were remodeled to a noncharacteristic late endosomal-lysosomal compartment over time. Despite the difference in SCV within macrophages and B lymphocytes,S. entericaserovar Typhimurium survives more efficiently within the IFN-γ-activated B cells than in activated macrophage cell lines. Similar results were found during in vivo acute infection. We determined that a lack of remodeling of late endosomal-lysosomal compartments by liveSalmonellainfection in B lymphocytes is associated with the inability to use the alternative MHC-I antigen-processing pathway, providing a survival advantage to the bacterium. Our data also suggest that the B lymphocyte late endosome-lysosome environment allows the expression ofSalmonellavirulence mechanisms favoring B lymphocytes in addition to macrophages and dendritic cells as a reservoir during in vivo infection.
Inactivation ofvimF, a Putative Glycosyltransferase Gene Downstream ofvimE, Alters Glycosylation and Activation of the Gingipains inPorphyromonas gingivalisW83
Authors: Vanterpool Elaine , Roy Francis , Fletcher Hansel M. 
Published: June 2005

ABSTRACTRegulation/activation of thePorphyromonas gingivalisgingipains is poorly understood. A 1.2-kb open reading frame, a putative glycosyltransferase, downstream ofvimE, was cloned, insertionally inactivated using theermF-ermAMantibiotic resistance cassette, and used to create a defective mutant by allelic exchange. In contrast to the wild-type W83 strain, this mutant, designatedP. gingivalisFLL95, was nonpigmented and nonhemolytic when plated on Brucella blood agar. Arginine- and lysine-specific gingipain activities were reduced by approximately 97% and 96%, respectively, relative to that of the parent strain. These activities were unaffected by the growth phase, in contrast to thevimA-defective mutantP. gingivalisFLL92. Expression of thergpA,rgpB, andkgpgingipain genes was unaffected inP. gingivalisFLL95 in comparison to the wild-type strain. In nonactive gingipain extracellular protein fractions, multiple high-molecular-weight proteins immunoreacted with gingipain-specific antibodies. The specific gingipain-associated sugar moiety recognized by monoclonal antibody 1B5 was absent in FLL95. Taken together, these results suggest that thevimEdownstream gene, designatedvimF(virulencemodulating geneF), which is a putative glycosyltransferase group 1, is involved in the regulation of the major virulence factors ofP. gingivalis.
Involvement of Up-Regulated CXC Chemokine Ligand 16/Scavenger Receptor That Binds Phosphatidylserine and Oxidized Lipoprotein in Endotoxin-Induced Lethal Liver Injury via Regulation of T-Cell Recruitment and Adhesion
Authors: Xu Huanbin , Xu Wei , Chu Yiwei , Gong Yanping , Jiang Zhenggang , Xiong Sidong 
Published: June 2005

ABSTRACTA murine model of endotoxin-induced lethal liver injury induced byMycobacterium bovisBCG plus lipopolysaccharide (LPS) has been widely accepted and used. It has been reported that T cells play an important role in the pathogenesis of liver damage in this model. However, the precise mechanisms involved in regulation of the trafficking of effector T cells need to be elucidated. In the present study, we first reported that CXCL16/SR-PSOX (CXC chemokine ligand 16/scavenger receptor that binds phosphatidylserine and oxidized lipoprotein), a chemokine containing both membrane-anchored and soluble forms, was strongly up-regulated and predominantly distributed in the vascular endothelium in the injured liver tissue in the model. The secretory and membrane-anchored CXCL16/SR-PSOX functioned as a chemokine and an adhesive molecule, respectively, to attract T cells to a tumor necrosis factor alpha-activated endothelial cell line (SVEC) in vitro. To further identify the pathophysiological roles of CXCL16/SR-PSOX in the liver injury, the anti-CXCL16 antibody was administered to the BCG-primed mice before LPS challenge in vivo. Significant protection effects were observed with 70% of mice regarding lethality, the massive necrosis in the liver was reduced, and the intrahepatic infiltrating T cells were significantly inhibited. Taken together, these findings strongly suggest that functional CXCL16/SR-PSOX, as both a chemokine and an adhesion molecule, may be involved in the pathogenesis of the endotoxin-induced lethal liver injury via recruitment and adhesion of activated T cells to the vascular endothelium.
Identification of Novel Genes in Intestinal Tissue That Are Regulated after Infection with an Intestinal Nematode Parasite
Authors: Datta R. , deSchoolmeester M. L. , Hedeler C. , Paton N. W. , Brass A. M. , Else K. J. 
Published: June 2005

ABSTRACTInfection of resistant or susceptible mice withTrichuris murisprovokes mesenteric lymph node responses which are polarized towards Th2 or Th1, respectively. These responses are well documented in the literature. In contrast, little is known about the local responses occurring within the infected intestine. Through microarray analyses, we demonstrate that the gene expression profile of infected gut tissue differs according to whether the parasite is expelled or not. Genes differentially regulated postinfection in resistant BALB/c mice include several antimicrobial genes, in particular, intelectin (Itln). In contrast, analyses in AKR mice which ultimately progress to chronic infection provide evidence for a Th1-dominated mucosa with up-regulated expression of genes regulated by gamma interferon. Increases in the expression of genes associated with tryptophan metabolism were also apparent with the coinduction of tryptophanyl tRNA synthetase (Wars) and indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (Indo). With the emerging literature on the role of these gene products in the suppression of T-cell responses in vitro and in vivo, their up-regulated expression here may suggest a role for tryptophan metabolism in the parasite survival strategy.
Protection againstLeptospira interrogansSensu Lato Challenge by DNA Immunization with the Gene Encoding Hemolysin-Associated Protein 1
Authors: Branger C. , Chatrenet B. , Gauvrit A. , Aviat F. , Aubert A. , Bach J. M. , André-Fontaine G. 
Published: June 2005

ABSTRACTThe use of DNA constructs encoding leptospiral proteins is a promising new approach for vaccination against leptospirosis. In previous work we determined that immunization with hemolysis-associated protein 1 (Hap1) (LipL32) expressed by adenovirus induced significant protection against a virulentLeptospirachallenge in gerbils. To avoid the use of the adenovirus vector, we checked for clinical protection against lethal challenge by DNA vaccination. A DNA vaccine expressing Hap1 was designed to enhance the direct gene transfer of this protein into gerbils. A challenge was performed 3 weeks after the last immunization with a virulent strain of serovar canicola. Our results show that the cross-protective effect with pathogenic strains ofLeptospira, shared by Hap1, could be mediated by the DNA plasmid vector. This finding should facilitate the design and development of a new generation of vaccines against bacteria, particularlyLeptospira interroganssensu lato.
Multiple Insertional Events, Restricted by the Genetic Background, Have Led to Acquisition of Pathogenicity Island II
J96
-Like Domains among
Escherichia coli
Strains of Different Clinical Origins
Authors: Bidet Philippe , Bonacorsi Stéphane , Clermont Olivier , De Montille Caroline , Brahimi Naima , Bingen Edouard 
Published: June 2005

ABSTRACT

We investigated the dissemination of pathogenicity island (PAI) II
J96
-like elements (
hra
,
hly
,
cnf1
, and
pap
) among 455
Escherichia coli
isolates from children and adults with urinary tract infection (UTI), neonates with meningitis or colonized healthy neonates, and 74 reference strains by means of PCR phylogenetic grouping, ribotyping, and PCR analysis of virulence genes. Colocalization of these genes was documented by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis followed by Southern hybridization and long-range PCR (LRPCR) between the
hra
and the
papG
alleles. Site-specific insertion of the PAI was determined by LRPCR between
hra
and tRNA flanking sequences.
hra
,
hly
, and
cnf1
were found in 113 isolates and consistently colocalized, constituting the backbone of PAI II
J96
-like domains. The prevalence of PAI II
J96
-like domains was significantly higher among UTI isolates than among neonatal meningitis and commensal isolates. These domains were restricted to a few ribotypes of group B2. In contrast to the consistent colocalization of
hra
,
hly
, and
cnf1
, the
pap
operon was varied: 12% of strains exhibited an allelic exchange of the
papG
class III allele (
papGIII
) for the
papG
class II allele (
papGII
) (only UTI isolates), and the
pap
operon was deleted in 23% of strains. No strains harbored
papGIII
outside the PAI, which appears to be the only source of this allele. PAI II
J96
-like domains were inserted in the vicinities of three different tRNAs—
pheU
(54%),
leuX
(29%), and
pheV
(15%)—depending on the genetic backgrounds and origins of the isolates. Multiple insertional events restricted by the genetic background have thus led to PAI II
J96
acquisition. Specific genetic backgrounds and insertion sites may have played a role in additional recombination processes for
E. coli
adaptation to different ecological niches.
Effects of Pregnancy and Intensity of
Plasmodium falciparum
Transmission on Immunoglobulin G Subclass Responses to Variant Surface Antigens
Authors: Megnekou Rosette , Staalsoe Trine , Taylor Diane W , Leke Rose , Hviid Lars 
Published: June 2005

ABSTRACT

Placenta-sequestering
Plasmodium falciparum
involved in the pathogenesis of pregnancy-associated malaria (PAM) in otherwise clinically immune women expresses particular variant surface antigens (VSA
PAM
) on the surface of infected erythrocytes that differ from VSA found in parasitized nonpregnant individuals (non-PAM type VSA). We studied levels of immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgG subclasses with specificity for VSA
PAM
and for non-PAM type VSA in pregnant and nonpregnant women from two sites with different endemicities in Cameroon. We found that VSA
PAM
-specific responses depended on the pregnancy status, parity, gestational age, and parasite transmission intensity, whereas only the parasite transmission intensity influenced the levels of IgG specific for non-PAM type VSA. For both types of VSA, the responses were dominated by the cytophilic subclass IgG1, followed by IgG3. In pregnant women, the levels of VSA
PAM
-specific antibodies either were very low or negative or were very high, whereas the levels of the antibodies specific for non-PAM type VSA were uniformly high. Interestingly, the levels of VSA
PAM
-specific IgG1 increased with increasing gestational age, while the levels of the corresponding IgG3 tended to decrease with increasing gestational age. The IgG subclass responses with specificity for non-PAM type VSA did not vary significantly with gestational age. Taken together, our data indicate that IgG1 and to a lesser extent IgG3 are the main subclasses involved in acquired VSA
PAM
-specific immunity to pregnancy-associated malaria.