bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimal assessment of the glomerular filtration rate in older chinese patients using the equations of the Berlin Initiative Study
Authors: Yang Yue , Jiao Yuan-yuan , Zhang Zheng , Di Ding-xin , Zhang Dan-yang , Jiang Shi-min , Zhou Jia-hui , Li Wen-ge 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Aim
To evaluate the performances of the various estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) equations of the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration, the Berlin Initiative Study (BIS), and the Full Age Spectrum (FAS) in older Chinese.

Methods
This study enrolled Chinese adults aged ≥ 65 years who underwent GFR measurements (via 99Tcm-DTPA renal dynamic imaging) in our hospital from 2011 to 2022. Using the measured glomerular filtration rate (mGFR) as the reference, we derived the bias, precision, accuracy, and consistency of each equation.

Results
We enrolled 519 participants, comprising 155 with mGFR ≥ 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 and 364 with mGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2. In the total patients, the BIS equation based on creatinine and cystatin C (BIScr-cys) exhibited the lowest bias [median (95% confidence interval): 1.61 (0.77–2.18)], highest precision [interquartile range 11.82 (10.32–13.70)], highest accuracy (P30: 81.12%), and best consistency (95% limit of agreement: 101.5 mL/min/1.73 m2). In the mGFR ≥ 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 subgroup, the BIScr-cys and FAS equation based on creatinine and cystatin C (FAScr-cys) performed better than the other equations; in the mGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 subgroup, all equations exhibited relatively large deviations from the mGFR. Of all eight equations, the BIScr-cys performed the best.

Conclusions
Although no equation was fully accurate in the mGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 subgroup, the BIScr-cys (of the eight equations) assessed the eGFRs of the entire population best. A new equation is urgently required for older Chinese and even East Asians, especially those with moderate-to-severe renal insufficiency.
Δ–Springer varieties and Hall–Littlewood polynomials
Authors: Griffin Sean T. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe$\Delta $-Springer varieties are a generalization of Springer fibers introduced by Levinson, Woo and the author that have connections to the Delta Conjecture from algebraic combinatorics. We prove a positive Hall–Littlewood expansion formula for the graded Frobenius characteristic of the cohomology ring of a$\Delta $-Springer variety. We do this by interpreting the Frobenius characteristic in terms of counting points over a finite field$\mathbb {F}_q$and partitioning the$\Delta $-Springer variety into copies of Springer fibers crossed with affine spaces. As a special case, our proof method gives a geometric meaning to a formula of Haglund, Rhoades and Shimozono for the Hall–Littlewood expansion of the symmetric function in the Delta Conjecture at$t=0$.
High starch intake favours body weight control in neutered and spayed cats living in homes fed ad libitum
Authors: Goloni Camila , Pacheco Letícia G. , Luis Letícia W. , Theodoro Stephanie S. , Scarpim Lucas B. , Dalpubel Daniela , Rosenburg Meire Gallo , Jeusette Isabelle C. , Torre Celina , Pereira Gener T. , Carciofi Aulus C. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Different starch-to-protein ratios were compared among neutered and spayed domiciled cats. Male and female obese and non-obese cats were fed kibble diets ad libitum for 4 months high in starch (HS (38 % crude protein (CP)): starch 32 %, protein 38 %; DM basis) or high in protein (HP (55 % CP): starch 19 %, protein 55 %) but similar in energy and fat in a crossover design. Physical activity was evaluated using an accelerometer, and body composition (BC), energy expenditure (EE) and water turnover (WT) using the doubly labelled water method. Results were compared in a 2 diet × 2 sex × 2 body condition factorial arrangement. Cats fed the HS (38 % CP) diet maintained a constant body weight, but lean mass (LM) tended to be reduced in female obese but to be increased in male non-obese (P < 0·08) and increased in female non-obese cats (P = 0·01). The HP (55 % CP) diet induced an increase in cat body weight and LM (P < 0·05) without altering BC proportion. EE tended to be higher in males (351 (se 8) kJ/kg0·67/d) than females (330 (se 8) kJ/kg0·67/d; P = 0·06), was unaffected by diet or BC, decreased as age increased (R
2
0·44; P < 0·01) and increased as physical activity increased (R
2
0·58; P < 0·01). WT was higher for the HP (55 % CP) diet (P < 0·01) and increased with EE (R
2
0·65; P < 0·01). The HS (38 % CP) diet favoured body weight control during 4 months of ad libitum feeding. Caution is necessary to balance protein in diets of female obese cats over 5 years, as they may have low energy and food intake, with LM loss.
Complexity of needs in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients using the ENP-E scale in the north-eastern region of Spain
Authors: Castro-Rodriguez Emilia , Azagra-Ledesma Rafael , Gómez-Batiste Xavier , Aguyé-Batista Amada , Clemente-Azagra Carlos , Díaz-Herrera Miguel Angel 
Published: January 2024

AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed to explore the clinical characteristics of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients in Spain’s north-eastern region, their inclusion in chronic care programmes, and their psychosocial and spiritual needs (PSNs).MethodsA longitudinal descriptive study in adult patients with ALS. We analyzed clinical variables and participation in chronicity and PSNs assessment using the tool Psychosocial and Spiritual Needs Evaluation scale in end-of-life patients (ENP-E scale).Results81 patients (average age 65.6 ± 11.7) were studied. At the study’s outset, 29.7% employed non-invasive ventilation (NIV), increasing to 51.9% by its conclusion. Initial percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) utilization was 14.8%, rising to 35.85%. Chronic care programme participation was as follows: home care (24.7% initially, 50.6% end), palliative care (16% initially, 40.7% end), case management (13.6% initially, 50.6% end), and advance care planning registration (6.2% initially, 35.8% end). At study start, 47.8% of patients (n = 46) showed moderate-to-severe complexity in PSNs assessment using the ENP-E scale, without showing differences in age, sex, and time of evolution; whereas, on the evolutionary analysis, it was 75% (n = 24). A higher evolutionary complexity was observed in males <60 and >70 years, with no PEG and evolution of ALS of <2 and ≥5 years, and not included in chronicity programmes. When assessing concerns, physical pain and family aspects stand out in all measurements. Forty-eight percent of patients at study start and 71% at end of study showed external signs of emotional distress.Significance of resultsMost ALS patients showed a high degree of complexity and were not integrated in chronicity programmes. A “care path” is proposed to integrate ALS patients in these programmes and systematically assess their needs.
Change in neighborhood socioeconomic status and childhood weight status and body composition from birth to adolescence
Authors: Zhou Shuang , Raat Hein , You Yueyue , Santos Susana , van Grieken Amy , Wang Haijun , Yang-Huang Junwen 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
We aim to assess the associations between the change in neighborhood socioeconomic score (SES) between birth and 6 years and childhood weight status and body composition from 6 to 13 years.

Methods
Data for 3909 children from the Generation R Study, a prospective population-based cohort in the Netherlands were analyzed. The change in neighborhood SES between birth and 6 years was defined as static-high, static-middle, static-low, upward, and downward mobility. Child body mass index (BMI), overweight and obesity (OWOB), fat mass index (FMI) and lean mass index (LMI) were measured at age 6, 10, and 13 years. The associations were explored using generalized estimating equations. The effect modification by child sex was examined.

Results
In total, 19.5% and 18.1% of children were allocated to the upward mobility and downward mobility neighborhood SES group. The associations between the change in neighborhood SES and child weight status and body composition were moderated by child sex (p < 0.05). Compared to girls in the static-high group, girls in the static-low group had relatively higher BMI-SDS (β, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.24, 0.09–0.40) and higher risk of OWOB (RR, 95% CI: 1.98, 1.35–2.91), together with higher FMI-SDS (β, 95% CI: 0.27, 0.14–0.41) and LMI-SDS (β, 95% CI: 0.18, 0.03–0.33). The associations in boys were not significant.

Conclusions
An increased BMI and fat mass, and higher risk of OWOB from 6 to 13 years were evident in girls living in a low-SES neighborhood or moving downward from a high- to a low-SES neighborhood. Support for children and families from low-SES neighborhoods is warranted.
Determinants of lenalidomide response with or without erythropoiesis-stimulating agents in myelodysplastic syndromes: the HOVON89 trial
Authors: van de Loosdrecht A. A. , Cremers E. M. P. , Alhan C. , Duetz C. , in ’t Hout F. E. M. , Visser-Wisselaar H. A. , Chitu D. A. , Verbrugge A. , Cunha S. M. , Ossenkoppele G. J. , Janssen J. J. W. M. , Klein S. K. , Vellenga E. , Huls G. A. , Muus P. , Langemeijer S. M. C. , de Greef G. E. , te Boekhorst P. A. W. , Raaijmakers M. H. G. , van Marwijk Kooy M. , Legdeur M. C. , Wegman J. J. , Deenik W. , de Weerdt O. , van Maanen-Lamme T. M. , Jobse P. , van Kampen R. J. W. , Beeker A. , Wijermans P. W. , Biemond B. J. , Tanis B. C. , van Esser J. W. J. , Schaar C. G. , Noordzij-Nooteboom H. S. , Jacobs E. M. G. , de Graaf A. O. , Jongen-Lavrencic M. , Stevens-Kroef M. J. P. L. , Westers T. M. , Jansen J. H. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractA randomized phase-II study was performed in low/int-1 risk MDS (IPSS) to study efficacy and safety of lenalidomide without (arm A) or with (arm B) ESA/G-CSF. In arm B, patients without erythroid response (HI-E) after 4 cycles received ESA; G-CSF was added if no HI-E was obtained by cycle 9. HI-E served as primary endpoint. Flow cytometry and next-generation sequencing were performed to identify predictors of response. The final evaluation comprised 184 patients; 84% non-del(5q), 16% isolated del(5q); median follow-up: 70.7 months. In arm A and B, 39 and 41% of patients achieved HI-E; median time-to-HI-E: 3.2 months for both arms, median duration of-HI-E: 9.8 months. HI-E was significantly lower in non-del(5q) vs. del(5q): 32% vs. 80%. The same accounted for transfusion independency-at-week 24 (16% vs. 67%), but similar in both arms. Apart from presence of del(5q), high percentages of bone marrow lymphocytes and progenitor B-cells, a low number of mutations, absence of ring sideroblasts, and SF3B1 mutations predicted HI-E. In conclusion, lenalidomide induced HI-E in patients with non-del(5q) and del(5q) MDS without additional effect of ESA/G-CSF. The identified predictors of response may guide application of lenalidomide in lower-risk MDS in the era of precision medicine. (EudraCT 2008-002195-10).
Doses of fluoride toothpaste for children up to 24 months
Authors: Sudradjat Henny , Meyer Frederic , Fandrich Pascal , Schulze zur Wiesche Erik , Limeback Hardy , Enax Joachim 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Aim
The aim of this study was to test the dose of fluoride toothpaste by parents for their children aged up to 24 months.

Methods
Parents who use fluoride toothpastes for their children were asked to dose two commercially available toothpastes (A and B) with 1000 ppm fluoride each for their children as they would normally do at home. The toothpaste amounts were weighed, and as reference, the weight of an ‘optimal’ grain of rice-size amount of each toothpaste was used.

Results
61 parents dosed a mean of 0.263 ± 0.172 g toothpaste A and 0.281 ± 0.145 g toothpaste B. The parents’ mean doses were 5.9 times higher for toothpaste A and 7.2 times higher for toothpaste B than an ‘optimal’ grain of rice-size amount (the reference dose as recommended). The difference between parent’s and reference dose was statistically significant (p < 0.001). Moreover, 39.3% of parents were not aware about conditions of use and warnings that have to be printed on the package of fluoride toothpastes.

Conclusion
In this study, parents significantly overdosed the toothpaste for their children. To avoid fluoride intake from toothpaste, parents can choose fluoride-free alternatives for the oral care of their infants and toddlers.
Diagnostic reliability and accuracy of the hydraulic contrast lift protocol in the radiographic detection of sinus lift and perforation: ex vivo randomized split-mouth study in an ovine model
Authors: Youssef Mohamed A. , von Krockow Nadine , Pfaff Jacqueline A. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Objectives
Assessing the diagnostic reliability, validity, and accuracy of the hydraulic contrast lift protocol during transcrestal sinus floor elevation in detecting the lift and perforation of the sinus membrane before graft material application and assessing the effect of its use on the operator’s diagnostic confidence.

Material and methods
A single-blind randomized split-mouth study on fresh refrigerated sheep heads. The first intervention consisted of injecting 0.5 ml iodinated contrast medium on the test side and 0.5 ml saline on the control side. In the second intervention artificial sinus membrane perforations were created followed by injecting 0.5 ml iodinated contrast medium on the test side and 0.5 ml saline on the control side. Intraoperative periapical radiographs were taken for both interventions. The resulting 40 radiographs were assessed by 10 examiners to provide interpretations and confidence ratings. The primary endpoints were diagnostic reliability, validity, accuracy, and perceived diagnostic confidence.

Results
In the hydraulic contrast lift protocol, the detection rate was 99% for sinus elevations and 98% for perforations, the saline protocol yielded a detection rate of 28% and 20% respectively. The hydraulic contrast lift protocol demonstrated a high level of inter-rater agreement for the diagnosis of elevations (p < 0.001) and perforations (p < 0.001), strong diagnostic validity for the diagnosis of elevations (p < 0.001) and perforations (p < 0.001), high sensitivity and specificity (p < 0.001) and higher mean diagnostic confidence ratings for both interventions when compared to the saline protocol (p < 0.001). The difference between the predicted probability for correct diagnosis of the hydraulic contrast lift protocol and the saline protocol was significant (p < 0.001) for the detection of both elevations and perforations.

Conclusion
Following the hydraulic contrast lift protocol, the use of a radiographic contrast medium can reliably confirm sinus membrane lift and detect perforation during transcrestal sinus floor elevation prior to bone graft application in addition to improving the diagnostic confidence of the operator while relying on periapical radiographs.
ContScout: sensitive detection and removal of contamination from annotated genomes
Authors: Bálint Balázs , Merényi Zsolt , Hegedüs Botond , Grigoriev Igor V. , Hou Zhihao , Földi Csenge , Nagy László G. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractContamination of genomes is an increasingly recognized problem affecting several downstream applications, from comparative evolutionary genomics to metagenomics. Here we introduce ContScout, a precise tool for eliminating foreign sequences from annotated genomes. It achieves high specificity and sensitivity on synthetic benchmark data even when the contaminant is a closely related species, outperforms competing tools, and can distinguish horizontal gene transfer from contamination. A screen of 844 eukaryotic genomes for contamination identified bacteria as the most common source, followed by fungi and plants. Furthermore, we show that contaminants in ancestral genome reconstructions lead to erroneous early origins of genes and inflate gene loss rates, leading to a false notion of complex ancestral genomes. Taken together, we offer here a tool for sensitive removal of foreign proteins, identify and remove contaminants from diverse eukaryotic genomes and evaluate their impact on phylogenomic analyses.
Increased nitrous oxide emissions from global lakes and reservoirs since the pre-industrial era
Authors: Li Ya , Tian Hanqin , Yao Yuanzhi , Shi Hao , Bian Zihao , Shi Yu , Wang Siyuan , Maavara Taylor , Lauerwald Ronny , Pan Shufen 
Published: January 2024

AbstractLentic systems (lakes and reservoirs) are emission hotpots of nitrous oxide (N2O), a potent greenhouse gas; however, this has not been well quantified yet. Here we examine how multiple environmental forcings have affected N2O emissions from global lentic systems since the pre-industrial period. Our results show that global lentic systems emitted 64.6 ± 12.1 Gg N2O-N yr−1 in the 2010s, increased by 126% since the 1850s. The significance of small lentic systems on mitigating N2O emissions is highlighted due to their substantial emission rates and response to terrestrial environmental changes. Incorporated with riverine emissions, this study indicates that N2O emissions from global inland waters in the 2010s was 319.6 ± 58.2 Gg N yr−1. This suggests a global emission factor of 0.051% for inland water N2O emissions relative to agricultural nitrogen applications and provides the country-level emission factors (ranging from 0 to 0.341%) for improving the methodology for national greenhouse gas emission inventories.
Asymmetric α-C(sp3)−H allylic alkylation of primary alkylamines by synergistic Ir/ketone catalysis
Authors: Li Jianyu , Gong Sheng , Gao Shaolun , Chen Jianfeng , Chen Wen-Wen , Zhao Baoguo 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPrimary alkyl amines are highly reactive in N-nucleophilic reactions with electrophiles. However, their α-C−H bonds are unreactive towards electrophiles due to their extremely low acidity (pKa ~57). Nonetheless, 1,8-diazafluoren-9-one (DFO) can activate primary alkyl amines by increasing the acidity of the α-amino C−H bonds by up to 1044 times. This makes the α-amino C−H bonds acidic enough to be deprotonated under mild conditions. By combining DFO with an iridium catalyst, direct asymmetric α-C−H alkylation of NH2-unprotected primary alkyl amines with allylic carbonates has been achieved. This reaction produces a wide range of chiral homoallylic amines with high enantiopurities. The approach has successfully switched the reactivity between primary alkyl amines and allylic carbonates from intrinsic allylic amination to the α-C−H alkylation, enabling the construction of pharmaceutically significant chiral homoallylic amines from readily available primary alkyl amines in a single step.
Managing hyperglycemia and rash associated with alpelisib: expert consensus recommendations using the Delphi technique
Authors: Gallagher Emily J. , Moore Heather , Lacouture Mario E. , Dent Susan F. , Farooki Azeez , Goncalves Marcus D. , Isaacs Claudine , Johnston Abigail , Juric Dejan , Quandt Zoe , Spring Laura , Berman Brian , Decker Melanie , Hortobagyi Gabriel N. , Kaffenberger Benjamin H. , Kwong Bernice Y. , Pluard Timothy , Rao Ruta , Schwartzberg Lee , Broder Michael S. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractHyperglycemia and rash are expected but challenging adverse events of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase inhibition (such as with alpelisib). Two modified Delphi panels were conducted to provide consensus recommendations for managing hyperglycemia and rash in patients taking alpelisib. Experts rated the appropriateness of interventions on a 1-to-9 scale; median scores and dispersion were used to classify the levels of agreement. Per the hyperglycemia panel, it is appropriate to start alpelisib in patients with HbA1c 6.5% (diabetes) to <8%, or at highest risk for developing hyperglycemia, if they have a pre-treatment endocrinology consult. Recommend prophylactic metformin in patients with baseline HbA1c 5.7% to 6.4%. Metformin is the preferred first-line anti-hyperglycemic agent. Per the rash panel, initiate prophylactic nonsedating H1 antihistamines in patients starting alpelisib. Nonsedating H1 antihistamines and topical steroids are the preferred initial management for rash. In addition to clinical trial evidence, these recommendations will help address gaps encountered in clinical practice.
Stable isotopes show Homo sapiens dispersed into cold steppes ~45,000 years ago at Ilsenhöhle in Ranis, Germany
Authors: Pederzani Sarah , Britton Kate , Trost Manuel , Fewlass Helen , Bourgon Nicolas , McCormack Jeremy , Jaouen Klervia , Dietl Holger , Döhle Hans-Jürgen , Kirchner André , Lauer Tobias , Le Corre Mael , McPherron Shannon P. , Meller Harald , Mylopotamitaki Dorothea , Orschiedt Jörg , Rougier Hélène , Ruebens Karen , Schüler Tim , Sinet-Mathiot Virginie , Smith Geoff M. , Talamo Sahra , Tütken Thomas , Welker Frido , Zavala Elena I. , Weiss Marcel , Hublin Jean-Jacques 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe spread of Homo sapiens into new habitats across Eurasia ~45,000 years ago and the concurrent disappearance of Neanderthals represents a critical evolutionary turnover in our species’ history. ‘Transitional’ technocomplexes, such as the Lincombian–Ranisian–Jerzmanowician (LRJ), characterize the European record during this period but their makers and evolutionary significance have long remained unclear. New evidence from Ilsenhöhle in Ranis, Germany, now provides a secure connection of the LRJ to H. sapiens remains dated to ~45,000 years ago, making it one of the earliest forays of our species to central Europe. Using many stable isotope records of climate produced from 16 serially sampled equid teeth spanning ~12,500 years of LRJ and Upper Palaeolithic human occupation at Ranis, we review the ability of early humans to adapt to different climate and habitat conditions. Results show that cold climates prevailed across LRJ occupations, with a temperature decrease culminating in a pronounced cold excursion at ~45,000–43,000 cal bp. Directly dated H. sapiens remains confirm that humans used the site even during this very cold phase. Together with recent evidence from the Initial Upper Palaeolithic, this demonstrates that humans operated in severe cold conditions during many distinct early dispersals into Europe and suggests pronounced adaptability.
Stereodivergent 1,3-difunctionalization of alkenes by charge relocation
Authors: Brutiu Bogdan R. , Iannelli Giulia , Riomet Margaux , Kaiser Daniel , Maulide Nuno 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAlkenes are indispensable feedstocks in chemistry. Functionalization at both carbons of the alkene—1,2-difunctionalization—is part of chemistry curricula worldwide1. Although difunctionalization at distal positions has been reported2–4, it typically relies on designer substrates featuring directing groups and/or stabilizing features, all of which determine the ultimate site of bond formation5–7. Here we introduce a method for the direct 1,3-difunctionalization of alkenes, based on a concept termed ‘charge relocation’, which enables stereodivergent access to 1,3-difunctionalized products of either syn- or anti-configuration from unactivated alkenes, without the need for directing groups or stabilizing features. The usefulness of the approach is demonstrated in the synthesis of the pulmonary toxin 4-ipomeanol and its derivatives.