bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Failure Mechanisms and Modelling of Impact Damage in Sandwich Beams - A 2D Approach: Part II - Analysis and Modelling
Authors: Shipsha Andrey , Hallström Stefan , Zenkert Dan 
Published: April 2003

This study addresses the effect of low velocity impact damage on the post-impact residual strength and failure mechanisms of sandwich beams with Rohacell WF51 foam core. The considered impact damage has a form of a subinterface cavity surrounded by crushed core while the face sheet remains virtually undamaged. Part I of this study deals with experimental investigation of impact-damaged beams tested in transverse shear, bending and edgewise compression. It is shown that the crushed core and the bridging condition in the peripheral regions of the impact damage exert a significant effect on the post-impact critical loads and failure mechanisms. In this paper, parameterised finite element (FE) models of impact damage with implemented crushed core properties are developed for numerical analyses of post-impact failure. In the analysis of the shear case, a model for II bridging condition in the peripheral regions of impact damage is introduced. A point-stress criterion is applied for predictions of failure loads and crack kink angle. Geometrically nonlinear FE analysis is employed for evaluation of critical loads for local buckling in the beams with impact damage. The FE analyses demonstrate good agreement with experimental results.
Fatigue Behavior of Foam Core Sandwich Beams with Sub-Interface Impact Damage
Authors: Shipsha Andrey , Zenkert Dan 
Published: April 2003

The fatigue life of impact-damaged foam core sandwich beams with GFRP faces is investigated for constant load-amplitude cyclic loading. The damage produced by the low velocity/energy impact is characterised as a sub-interface cavity with surrounding crushed core whereas the face sheet is undamaged. The effect of bridging owing to the crushed core in the peripheral regions of impact damage, revealed in the preceding static study Shipsha et al. [1,2] is assessed under cyclic loading. The fatigue test results are analysed in a stress-life S-N diagram and compared with published data from undamaged beams. The effect of two load ratios R = 0.1 and -1 is investigated. The fatigue threshold load levels are experimentally quantified from the S-N curves. Furthermore, a modified point-stress criterion based on the threshold stress intensity factor, Kth, is proposed to estimate the “no-crack growth” limit loads. The results show good agreement with performed experiments.
At the Wall of Darkness
Authors: Packwood Nicholas 
Published: April 2003

Despite the crowd of television crews and academics on sabbatical packed into the air-less amphitheatre of the Collège de France to hear Pierre Bourdieu read out his last book, some of the most interesting sociology students in Paris are still at the old Sorbonne where, under a blackened painting depicting a forgotten epic scene in the Salle Durkheim, Michel Maffesoli’s séminaire de doctorat on L’Ethique de l’esthétique unfolds. —Shields (1991, p. 1)
Behind the Razor Wire
Authors: Jacobson-Hardy Michael 
Published: April 2003

The moral and ethical principles that bind society don't count inside prison. You, the custodians, formulate whatever rules, whatever system you require to keep the prisoners in captivity. You must stand between them and us. You are not a connection between the free world and the prison world but a chasm, a wall, a two-sided, unbreakable mirror. When we look at you we see ourselves. We see order and justice. Your uniforms, your rules reflect humane discipline. We see our faces, a necessarily severe aspect of our nature in the stern mask above your martial attire. When prisoners gaze into the reverse side of the mirror they should see the deformed aberrations they've become. Keepers are set in place to reflect and sustain this duality. In between the bright mirrors stretches an abyss. John Edgar Wideman ( Brothers and Keepers)
Functional expression and release of ligands for the activating immunoreceptor NKG2D in leukemia
Authors: Salih Helmut Rainer , Antropius Holger , Gieseke Friederike , Lutz Stefan Zoltan , Kanz Lothar , Rammensee Hans-Georg , Steinle Alexander 
Published: April 2003

Abstract
NKG2D ligands (NKG2DLs) mark malignant cells for recognition by natural killer (NK) cells and cytotoxic T lymphocytes via the activating immunoreceptor NKG2D. This led to the hypothesis that NKG2DLs play a critical role in tumor immune surveillance. The human NKG2DLs MICA and MICB are expressed on tumors of epithelial origin in vivo. For the other recently described set of human NKG2DLs, the UL16-binding proteins (ULBPs), expression in vivo is as yet undefined. In this study we investigated expression and function of NKG2DLs in leukemia using a panel of newly generated NKG2DL-specific monoclonal antibodies. We report that leukemia cells from patients variously express MIC and ULBP molecules on the cell surface with MICA most frequently detected. Patient leukemia cells expressing MICA were lysed by NK cells in an NKG2D-dependent fashion. Sera of patients, but not of healthy donors, contained elevated levels of soluble MICA (sMICA). We also detected increased sMICB levels in patient sera using a newly established MICB-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Reduction of leukemia MIC surface expression by shedding may impair NKG2D-mediated immune surveillance of leukemias. In addition, determination of sMICA and sMICB levels may be implemented as a prognostic parameter in patients with hematopoietic malignancies.
Role of Fluoxetine in Anorexia Nervosa
Authors: Kim Sara S 
Published: April 2003

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of fluoxetine in the treatment of anorexia nervosa. DATA SOURCES: Literature obtained through searching MEDLINE (1966–January 2003). DATA SYNTHESIS: Studies conducted on the efficacy of fluoxetine in treating anorexia nervosa have conflicting results. Study design and methodology should be carefully evaluated. CONCLUSIONS: Fluoxetine played a role in the reduction of symptoms of obsessive–compulsive disorder and depression in anorexic patients. While psychotherapy, nutritional therapy, and behavioral therapy should be the mainstays of treatment, fluoxetine should be considered as an option to prevent relapse or to treat associated symptoms of anorexia nervosa following adequate weight restoration as a part of maintenance therapy and not as a primary or acute therapy. Although fluoxetine appears to be promising for the treatment of patients with anorexia nervosa, further studies need to be performed with a larger sample size and/or better design.
Anaphylactic Reaction to a Dietary Supplement Containing Willow Bark
Authors: Boullata Joseph I , McDonnell Patrick J , Oliva Cynthia D 
Published: April 2003

OBJECTIVE: To report a case of anaphylaxis resulting from the use of a willow bark–containing dietary supplement in a patient with a history of an aspirin allergy. CASE SUMMARY: A 25-year-old white woman presented to the emergency department of a community teaching hospital with anaphylaxis requiring epinephrine, diphenhydramine, methylprednisolone, and volume resuscitation to which she responded favorably. Medication history revealed that she had ingested 2 capsules of Stacker 2 (NVE Pharmaceuticals, Newton, NJ), a dietary supplement promoted for weight loss, prior to experiencing her initial symptoms. Among other active ingredients, this product contains willow bark. Of significance is that this patient also reported a history of allergy to acetylsalicylic acid. No other causes for anaphylaxis were identified. She continued to receive routine supportive care and the remaining hospital course was uncomplicated. DISCUSSION: Dietary supplements, including herbal products, are used by many individuals who consider them to be inherently safe despite limited regulatory oversight by the Food and Drug Administration. While there may be value to specific botanical ingredients, a potential for adverse effects also exists. The popular product consumed by our patient is used for weight loss and contains willow bark, a source of salicylates. Based on the Naranjo probability scale, it is probable that this case of anaphylaxis was due to this dietary supplement. CONCLUSIONS: The use of any willow bark–containing dietary supplement may present a risk of anaphylactic reaction to patients with a history of allergy to salicylates. Clinicians need to recognize the potential for adverse effects from dietary supplements.
Retrievable Hierarchically Porous Ferroelectric Ceramics for “Greening” the Piezo‐Catalysis Process
Authors: Gong Hanyu , Zhang Yan , Ye Jingjing , Zhou Xiang , Zhou Xuefan , Zhao Yan , Feng Kaiyu , Luo Hang , Zhang Dou , Bowen Chris 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPowder‐based piezo‐catalysis, as an effective approach to degrade wastewater and produce hydrogen from water splitting, has been widely used in the field of energy conservation and pollution reduction. However, these hard‐to‐recycle powders pose a challenge of secondary pollution in the environment. As a result, this paper provides an alternative strategy based on the manufacture of porous ceramics as a green chemistry approach to replace ferroelectric powders currently used in traditional piezo‐catalysis. The piezo‐catalytic properties of Ba0.75Sr0.25TiO3 (BST) ceramics prepared using freeze casting and direct ink writing techniques are investigated in detail. The positive effect of introducing micro‐ and macro‐pores is explored and discovered, where a BST ceramic with hierarchical pore channels is prepared by a combination of direct ink writing and freeze casting and exhibts the highest first‐order kinetic rate constant per mass of catalysts, k, of up to 2.91 min−1 kg−1 compared to bulk BST ceramics. This study therefore provides the first report for the benefits of hierarchical porous ferroelectric ceramics used in water splitting, with an average H2 production rate reaching 848.88 nmol g−1 h−1.
Exciplex Hosts for Constructing Green Multiple Resonance Delayed Fluorescence OLEDs with High Color Purity And Low Efficiency Roll‐Offs
Authors: Lu Xueying , Wang Qingyang , Cai Xinliang , Qu Yupei , Li Zhiqiang , Li Chenglong , Wang Yue 
Published: January 2024

AbstractA carbazole‐based hole‐transport‐type (p‐type) host, BPhCz, is developed using a nonsymmetrical connection strategy between two identical groups. Two benzimidazole–triazine‐based electron acceptor materials with superior electron transport abilities, namely SFX‐PIM‐TRZ and DSFX‐PIM‐TRZ, are designed to fabricate exciplex‐host systems combined with BPhCz. Exciplexes exhibit excellent carrier transport characteristics and appropriate energy levels and can serve as hosts for green multiple resonance‐induced thermally activated delayed fluorescence (MR‐TADF) devices. Efficient green MR‐TADF organic light‐emitting diodes with high color purity and low efficiency roll‐offs are successfully fabricated using the exciplexes prepared from BPhCz:SFX‐PIM‐TRZ and BPhCz:DSFX‐PIM‐TRZ as hosts, which show low driving voltages of 2.6 and 2.7 V, high maximum external quantum efficiencies (EQEs) of 35.7% and 35.5%, ultrapure green emission with Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage coordinates of (0.27, 0.69) and (0.28, 0.69), and high EQEs of 31% and 30.5% at 1000 cd m−2, respectively.
Understanding the Air‐Exposure Degradation Chemistry of the Sacrificial Cathode Additive Li5FeO4 for Li‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhu Bin , Zhang Wei , Wang Qiyu , Lai Yanqing , Zheng Jingqiang , Wen Naifeng , Zhang Zhian 
Published: January 2024

AbstractLi5FeO4 (LFO) is emerging as a promising prelithiation additive due to the high lithium donor capacity (>700 mAh g−1), cheap raw materials, good environmental adaptability, and reliable synthesis approach. However, LFO suffers from extremely poor air stability and the underlying mechanism remains elusive. Herein, LFO is subjected to different atmospheres (the main component of air) of O2, CO2, N2, and 30% humidity air to unravel its reaction mechanism with air and the interfacial chemistry. It is found that Li+ ions will escape from the LFO crystal lattice to construct Li2O, Li2CO3, and LiOH impurity phases with an obvious change of LFO surface morphology in contact with O2, CO2, and humidity air. These insulating species remarkedly inhibit Li+ ion diffusion from the material and thus lead to an increment of interfacial impedance and an apparent capacity degradation. Consequently, the initial charging capacity decays rapidly from 681.5 to 169.4 mAh g−1 (under O2) and to 54.8 mAh g−1 (under CO2), respectively. In this regard, a facile coating strategy is proposed on the surface of LFO to effectively improve its air stability.
Engineering Improved CAR T Cell Products with A Multi‐Cytokine Particle Platform for Hematologic and Solid Tumors
Authors: Lin Heather K. , Uricoli Biaggio , Freeman Ruby , Hossian AKM Nawshad , He Zhulin , Anderson Ji Young L. , Neffling Milla , Legier Jonathan M. , Blake Dejah A. , Doxie Deon B. , Nair Remya , Koff Jean L. , Dhodapkar Kavita M. , Shanmugam Mala , Dreaden Erik C. , Rafiq Sarwish 
Published: January 2024

AbstractDespite the remarkable clinical efficacy of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells in hematological malignancies, only a subset of patients achieves a durable complete response (dCR). DCR has been correlated with CAR T cell products enriched with T cells memory phenotypes. Therefore, reagents that consistently promote memory phenotypes during the manufacturing of CAR T cells have the potential to significantly improve clinical outcomes. A novel modular multi‐cytokine particle (MCP) platform is developed that combines the signals necessary for activation, costimulation, and cytokine support into a single “all‐in‐one” stimulation reagent for CAR T cell manufacturing. This platform allows for the assembly and screening of compositionally diverse MCP libraries to identify formulations tailored to promote specific phenotypes with a high degree of flexibility. The approach is leveraged to identify unique MCP formulations that manufacture CAR T cell products from diffuse large B cell patients with increased proportions of memory‐like phenotypes MCP‐manufactured CAR T cells demonstrate superior anti‐tumor efficacy in mouse models of lymphoma and ovarian cancer through enhanced persistence. These findings serve as a proof‐of‐principle of the powerful utility of the MCP platform to identify “all‐in‐one” stimulation reagents that can improve the effectiveness of cell therapy products through optimal manufacturing.
Recent Advances in Gut‐ and Gut–Organ‐Axis‐on‐a‐Chip Models
Authors: Kim Raehyun , Sung Jong Hwan 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe human gut extracts nutrients from the diet while forming the largest barrier against the outer environment. In addition, the gut actively maintains homeostasis through intricate interactions with the gut microbes, the immune system, the enteric nervous system, and other organs. These interactions influence digestive health and, furthermore, play crucial roles in systemic health and disease. Given its primary role in absorbing and metabolizing orally administered drugs, there is significant interest in the development of preclinical in vitro model systems that can accurately emulate the intestine in vivo. A gut‐on‐a‐chip system holds great potential as a testing and screening platform because of its ability to emulate the physiological aspects of in vivo tissues and expandability to incorporate and combine with other organs. This review aims to identify the key physiological features of the human gut that need to be incorporated to build more accurate preclinical models and highlights the recent progress in gut‐on‐a‐chip systems and competing technologies toward building more physiologically relevant preclinical model systems. Furthermore, various efforts to construct multi‐organ systems with the gut, called gut–organ‐axis‐on‐a‐chip models, are discussed. In vitro gut models with physiological relevance can provide valuable platforms for bridging the gap between preclinical and clinical studies.
Multi‐Material Volumetric Additive Manufacturing of Hydrogels using Gelatin as a Sacrificial Network and 3D Suspension Bath
Authors: Riffe Morgan B. , Davidson Matthew D. , Seymour Gabriel , Dhand Abhishek P. , Cooke Megan E. , Zlotnick Hannah M. , McLeod Robert R. , Burdick Jason A. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractVolumetric additive manufacturing (VAM) is an emerging layerless method for the rapid processing of reactive resins into 3D structures, where printing is much faster (seconds) than other lithography and direct ink writing methods (minutes to hours). As a vial of resin rotates in the VAM process, patterned light exposure defines a 3D object and then resin that has not undergone gelation can be washed away. Despite the promise of VAM, there are challenges with the printing of soft hydrogel materials from non‐viscous precursors, including multi‐material constructs. To address this, sacrificial gelatin is used to modulate resin viscosity to support the cytocompatible VAM printing of macromers based on poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), hyaluronic acid (HA), and polyacrylamide (PA). After printing, gelatin is removed by washing at an elevated temperature. To print multi‐material constructs, the gelatin‐containing resin is used as a shear‐yielding suspension bath (including HA to further modulate bath properties) where ink can be extruded into the bath to define a multi‐material resin that can then be processed with VAM into a defined object. Multi‐material constructs of methacrylated HA (MeHA) and gelatin methacrylamide (GelMA) are printed (as proof‐of‐concept) with encapsulated mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), where the local hydrogel properties guide cell spreading behavior with culture.
Intestinal Delivery of Probiotics: Materials, Strategies, and Applications
Authors: Li Chengcheng , Wang Zi‐Xi , Xiao Huining , Wu Fu‐Gen 
Published: January 2024

AbstractProbiotics with diverse and crucial properties and functions have attracted broad interest from many researchers, who adopt intestinal delivery of probiotics to modulate the gut microbiota. However, the major problems faced for the therapeutic applications of probiotics are the viability and colonization of probiotics during their processing, oral intake, and subsequent delivery to the gut. The challenges of simple oral delivery (stability, controllability, targeting, etc.) have greatly limited the use of probiotics in clinical therapies. Nanotechnology can endow the probiotics to be delivered to the intestine with improved survival rate and increased resistance to the adverse environment. Additionally, the progress in synthetic biology has created new opportunities for efficiently and purposefully designing and manipulating the probiotics. In this article, a brief overview of the types of probiotics for intestinal delivery, the current progress of different probiotic encapsulation strategies, including the chemical, physical, and genetic strategies and their combinations, and the emerging single‐cell encapsulation strategies using nanocoating methods, is presented. The action mechanisms of probiotics that are responsible for eliciting beneficial effects are also briefly discussed. Finally, the therapeutic applications of engineered probiotics are discussed, and the future trends toward developing engineered probiotics with advanced features and improved health benefits are proposed.
Identifying Electronic Transitions of Defects in Hexagonal Boron Nitride for Quantum Memories
Authors: Cholsuk Chanaprom , Çakan Aslı , Suwanna Sujin , Vogl Tobias 
Published: January 2024

AbstractA quantum memory is a crucial keystone for enabling large‐scale quantum networks. Applicable to the practical implementation, specific properties, i.e., long storage time, selective efficient coupling with other systems, and a high memory efficiency are desirable. Though many quantum memory systems are developed thus far, none of them can perfectly meet all requirements. This work herein proposes a quantum memory based on color centers in hexagonal boron nitride (hBN), where its performance is evaluated based on a simple theoretical model of suitable defects in a cavity. Employing density functional theory calculations, 257 triplet and 211 singlet spin electronic transitions are investigated. Among these defects, it is found that some defects inherit the Λ electronic structures desirable for a Raman‐type quantum memory and optical transitions can couple with other quantum systems. Further, the required quality factor and bandwidth are examined for each defect to achieve a 95% writing efficiency. Both parameters are influenced by the radiative transition rate in the defect state. In addition, inheriting triplet‐singlet spin multiplicity indicates the possibility of being a quantum sensing, in particular, optically detected magnetic resonance. This work therefore demonstrates the potential usage of hBN defects as a quantum memory in future quantum networks.
Recent Advances in Terahertz Manipulations Using C‐Shape‐Split‐Ring‐Resonator Metasurfaces (Review)
Authors: Hao Xiaoyuan , Chen Yupeng , Liu Mai , Min Xuetao , Cheng Xiaomeng , Wang Qiu , Xu Quan , Zhang Xueqian , Han Jiaguang 
Published: January 2024

AbstractMetasurfaces have garnered significant interest owing to their inherent advantages over traditional optical components in manipulating electromagnetic waves unconventionally. Among the fundamental building blocks of metasurfaces, C‐shaped‐split‐ring resonators (CSRRs) have emerged as a highly promising option, enabling strong resonances and precise control over various characteristics of electromagnetic waves, such as phase, amplitude, and polarization. This review aims to showcase recent advancements in CSRR metasurfaces for manipulating THz waves, particularly focusing on both passive and active methods employed for controlling THz waves using single‐layer and multi‐layer CSRR metasurfaces. Moreover, this review will provide valuable insights into potential research directions in this rapidly evolving field.
Palladium‐Catalyzed γ‐Arylation of Acylketene Synthons with Aryl Chlorides Enabled by Ylide‐Functionalized Phosphines (YPhos)
Authors: Manna Sourav , Papp Florian , Hisata Yusei , Löffler Julian , Rybka Martyna , Gessner Viktoria H. , Hoshimoto Yoichi , Gooßen Lukas J. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractA catalyst system based on palladium 2‐methylnaphthyl complexes bearing ylide‐functionalized phosphines (YPhos) was found to enable the selective γ‐arylation of 1,3‐dioxinone derivatives with diversely functionalized aryl, heteroaryl, and vinyl chlorides. The products were further converted into 1,3‐diketones and heterocycles, highlighting their function as synthetic hubs. Experimental and computational studies revealed that bulky, electron‐rich YPhos ligands are uniquely effective because they enable the oxidative addition of aryl chlorides at room temperature while at the same time efficiently promoting the rate‐limiting reductive elimination step of the thermally sensitive enolates.