bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies reacting with human neutrophil elastase as a diagnostic marker for cocaine‐induced midline destructive lesions but not autoimmune vasculitis
Authors: Wiesner Olaf , Russell Kimberly A. , Lee Augustine S. , Jenne Dieter E. , Trimarchi Matteo , Gregorini Gina , Specks Ulrich 
Published: September 2004

AbstractObjectiveHuman neutrophil elastase (HNE) and proteinase 3 (PR3) are structurally and functionally related. PR3 is the prominent target antigen for antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs) in Wegener's granulomatosis (WG). Reported frequencies of HNE ANCAs in WG and other autoimmune diseases range from 0% to 20%. We previously detected HNE ANCAs in patients with cocaine‐induced midline destructive lesions (CIMDL). We tested the hypothesis that discrepancies in the reported frequencies of HNE ANCAs in patients with vasculitis may be related to differences in detection methods, and that HNE ANCA may be a marker for CIMDL.MethodsHNE ANCA reactivity in 25 patients with CIMDL was characterized and compared with that in a control cohort of 604 consecutive patients (64 with WG, 14 with microscopic polyangiitis [MPA], and 526 others) and 45 healthy volunteers. HNE ANCAs were measured by indirect immunofluorescence using a previously undescribed expression system for recombinant HNE and by direct and capture enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays using purified native HNE as target antigen.ResultsAmong patients with CIMDL, HNE ANCAs were detectable by 1 assay in 84%, by 2 assays in 68%, and by all 3 assays in 36%. Fifty‐seven percent of HNE ANCA–positive CIMDL sera were also PR3 ANCA–positive by at least 1 assay. In contrast, only 8 (1.3%) of 604 control sera reacted with HNE in at least 1 assay, 3 (0.5%) reacted in 2 assays, and only 1 serum sample (0.16%) reacted in all 3 assays. Sera obtained from patients with WG or MPA were universally HNE ANCA–negative, as were sera obtained from healthy controls.ConclusionOptimal sensitivity for HNE ANCA requires multimodality testing. HNE ANCAs are frequent in CIMDL but not in other autoimmune diseases, including classic ANCA‐associated vasculitis. HNE ANCAs may discriminate between CIMDL and WG, whereas a positive test result for PR3 ANCA may not.
Design of bioactive and structurally well‐defined peptides from conformationally restricted libraries
Authors: Pastor M. Teresa , Mora Puig , Ferrer‐Montiel Antonio , Pérez‐Payá Enrique 
Published: September 2004

AbstractLibraries of peptides and proteins can be categorized according to the function of their origin in gene‐ and synthetic‐based libraries. Both kinds of libraries have the potential to generate the same grade of molecular diversity, although the limits imposed by the synthetic methods have been lately a matter of discussion. However, the use of synthetic strategies allows incorporation of non‐natural amino acids. The development of conformationally restricted synthetic peptide libraries can be considered as a point of convergence of the two methodologies. In these libraries the diversity is grafted into scaffolds that are defined by stable secondary structural motifs, and the deconvolution protocols can be directed towards the identification of biologically active molecules and the analysis of determinants of folding of protein domains. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci), 2004
Ligand‐Binding Modes in Cationic Biogenic Amine Receptors
Authors: Ishiguro Masaji 
Published: September 2004

AbstractThe binding site in G protein‐coupled cationic biogenic amine receptors is formed in the cleft of the seven transmembrane segments. Upon binding the ligand, the receptors are activated or inactivated through the conformational changes of the transmembrane segments. G protein‐coupled receptors bind four functionally distinct ligands; inverse agonists, antagonists, partial agonists, and full agonists. Hence, putative structural models for biogenic amine receptors corresponding to the ligand function (inverse agonist‐, antagonist‐, partial agonist‐, and full agonist‐bound receptor models) were built by using photointermediate models in the rhodopsin photocascade (M. Ishiguro et al. ChemBioChem. 2004, 5, 298–310). The ligand–receptor recognition of each was examined by modeling receptor–ligand complexes with functional ligands. The complex models suggested that each functional ligand binds the corresponding receptor structure and that ligand‐specific interactions contribute to stabilization of the corresponding receptor structure.
An Approach towards the Quantitative Structure–Activity Relationships of Caffeic Acid and its Derivatives
Authors: Verma Rajeshwar P. , Hansch Corwin 
Published: September 2004

AbstractCaffeic acid and its derivatives are already known to possess a wide range of biological activities. We have developed quantitative structure–activity relationships (QSARs) for different series of caffeic acid derivatives (including caffeic acid) in order to understand the chemical–biological interactions governing antitumor activity against six different tumor cell lines, nitric oxide production, anti‐HIV and enzymatic activities, and binding affinity to the lck domain. QSAR results have shown that the different activities of caffeic acid and its derivatives are largely dependent on their hydrophobicity or molar refractivity, with a bilinear correlation being the most important.
Understanding the Molecular Mechanism of the 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition between Fulminic Acid and Acetylene in Terms of the Electron Localization Function and Catastrophe Theory
Authors: Polo Victor , Andres Juan , Castillo Raquel , Berski Slawomir , Silvi Bernard 
Published: September 2004

AbstractThe potential‐energy profile of the 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition of fulminic acid and ethyne has been investigated theoretically within the framework provided by the electron localization function (ELF) analysis. This has been achieved by carrying out density functional theory (B3 LYP approach) calculations using the bonding evolution theory. Eight different domains of structural stability have been identified along the reaction path, as well as the bifurcation catastrophes responsible for the changes in the topology of the system. The analysis provides a chemical description of the reaction mechanism in terms of heterolytic concerted nonsynchronous bond formation: the first four catastrophes enable the simultaneous formation of the CC bond and a lone pair on the nitrogen atom, whereas the remaining ones lead to the ring closure. The valence basin populations calculated along the reaction path do not support any mechanism involving pentavalent nitrogen. The simulation of the solvent effect, by means of a continuum model, does not indicate any significant difference of the mechanism of reaction between the gas phase and solution.
Efficient Synthesis and Structure—Activity Relationship of Honokiol, a Neurotrophic Biphenyl‐Type Neolignan.
Authors: Esumi Tomoyuki , Makado Gouki , Zhai Haifeng , Shimizu Yasuhiro , Mitsumoto Yasuhide , Fukuyama Yoshiyasu 
Published: September 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Evidence that certain retinal bipolar cells use both glutamate and GABA
Authors: Kao Yen‐Hong , Lassová Luisa , Bar‐Yehuda Tehilla , Edwards Robert H. , Sterling Peter , Vardi Noga 
Published: September 2004

AbstractRetinal bipolar neurons release the excitatory transmitter, glutamate. However, certain bipolar cells contain GABA, raising the question whether a neuron might release both transmitters and, if so, what function might the inhibitory transmitter play in a particular circuit? Here we identify a subset of cone bipolar cells in cat retina that contain glutamate, plus its vesicular transporter (VGLUT1), and GABA, plus its synthetic enzyme (GAD65) and its vesicular transporter (VGAT). These cells are negative for a marker of ON bipolar cells and restrict their axons to the OFF strata of the inner synaptic layer. They do not colocalize with the neurokinin 3 receptor that stains a type (or two) of OFF bipolar cells. By “targeted injection,” we identified two types of OFF bipolar cell with the machinery to make and package both transmitters. One of these types costratifies with a dopamine plexus. J. Comp. Neurol. 478:207–218, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Collapse load factor of planar frames using a modified genetic algorithm
Authors: Kaveh A. , Khanlari K. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractIn this article an analytical method is developed for identifying basic collapse mechanisms of rigid‐jointed two‐dimensional frames. In this approach, the deformation of each member is completely defined by four translations and one rotation. The behaviour of such an element lies in between that of a truss element and a flexural one.Once the basic collapse mechanisms are identified, the genetic algorithm is used to identify the mechanism corresponding to the least possible load factor. Examples are included to illustrate the efficiency of the present method compared to the use of a simple genetic algorithm. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Eco‐psychological profiling: an oil company example
Authors: Ketola Tarja 
Published: September 2004

AbstractWhen organizational image is being challenged, use of psychological defences may become excessive. In this paper 18 defences that appeared in an oil company during an oil spill are studied. All defences except sublimation contributed to the deterioration of corporate image. Sublimation allowed the company to take responsibility. Other defences simply put off facing the truth. The selection of defences used during crises reveals organizations' true personalities. Twelve different organizational personality types are discussed. Use of certain defences leads to the development of a neurotic personality. The case company turned out to be normally and neurotically demanding, paranoid, narcissistic and attention seeking, and normally depressive. Organizations constantly using primitive defences are borderline personalities. Excessively defensive organizations may turn psychotic. The case company's reactions to the incident were psychologically revealing. Finding defences characteristic of the company allowed us to build its eco‐psychological profile. Based on this case study an eco‐psychological profiling model is proposed. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Atomic Layer Deposition of Ruthenium Thin Films from Ru(thd)3 and Oxygen
Authors: Aaltonen T. , Ritala M. , Arstila K. , Keinonen J. , Leskelä M. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractRuthenium thin films were grown by atomic layer deposition (ALD) from tris(2,2,6,6‐tetramethyl‐3,5‐heptanedionato)ruthenium [Ru(thd)3] and oxygen, at temperatures between 325 °C and 450 °C. All the films were polycrystalline metallic ruthenium as analyzed by X‐ray diffraction (XRD). Impurity contents of the films (< 2.9 at.‐% H, < 1.9 at.‐% C, and < 5.5 at.‐% O) were nearly independent of the Ru(thd)3 pulse time as analyzed by time of flight elastic recoil detection analysis (TOF‐ERDA). The films had resistivities below 20 μΩ cm and they adhered well to a thin Al2O3 film on glass. Growth rates of 0.36 Å per cycle were obtained at a deposition temperature of 350 °C. The gaseous reaction by‐products were analyzed in situ by quadrupole mass spectrometry (QMS).
On the performance of recursive space–frequency codes and iterative decoding in wideband OFDM‐MIMO systems: simulated and measured results
Authors: Fletcher Paul N. , McNamara Darren P. , Piechocki Robert J. , Nix Andrew R. , Dean Michael 
Published: September 2004

AbstractIn this paper, we study the performance of a bandwidth efficient space–frequency turbo encoding scheme over wideband channels. Results are presented for simulated wideband MIMO channels consisting of two transmit antennas and up to two receive antennas. In addition, wideband channel measurements undertaken with practical multi‐element antenna structures at both the access point (AP) and mobile terminal (MT) are presented. Analysis is in terms of channel capacity, 10% channel outage capacity and space–frequency iterative decoding for an lEEE802.11a physical layer complaint modem. It is shown when operating with a spectral efficiency of 1.2 bits/s/Hz, the iterative decoded space–time codes comes within approximately 4.7 dB of 10% outage capacity over Rayleigh fading wideband channels with two transmit and two receive antennas. Over measured channels the iterative decoding scheme performs within 7.7 dB 10% of outage capacity. Losses due to channel state information estimation are also investigated. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A new delay‐constrained algorithm for multicast routing tree construction
Authors: Aissa Mohamed , Ben Mnaouer Adel 
Published: September 2004

AbstractNew multimedia applications provide guaranteed end‐to‐end quality of service (QoS) and have stringent constraints on delay, delay‐jitter, bandwidth, cost, etc. The main task of QoS routing is to find a route in the network, with sufficient resources to satisfy the constraints. Most multicast routing algorithms are not fast enough for large‐scale networks and where the source node uses global cost information to construct a multicast tree. We propose a fast and simple heuristic algorithm (EPDT) for delay‐constrained routing problem for multicast tree construction. This algorithm uses a greedy strategy based on shortest‐path and minimal spanning trees. It combines the minimum cost and the minimum radius objectives by combining respectively optimal Prim's and Dijkstra's algorithms. It biases routes through destinations. Besides, it uses cost information only from neighbouring nodes as it proceeds, which makes it more practical, from an implementation point of view. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reading comprehension and reading related abilities in adolescents with reading disabilities and attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Ghelani Karen , Sidhu Robindra , Jain Umesh , Tannock Rosemary 
Published: September 2004

AbstractReading comprehension is a very complex task that requires different cognitive processes and reading abilities over the life span. There are fewer studies of reading comprehension relative to investigations of word reading abilities. Reading comprehension difficulties, however, have been identified in two common and frequently overlapping childhood disorders: reading disability (RD) and attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The nature of reading comprehension difficulties in these groups remains unclear. The performance of four groups of adolescents (RD, ADHD, comorbid ADHD and RD, and normal controls) was compared on reading comprehension tasks as well as on reading rate and accuracy tasks. Adolescents with RD showed difficulties across most reading tasks, although their comprehension scores were average. Adolescents with ADHD exhibited adequate single word reading abilities. Subtle difficulties were observed, however, on measures of text reading rate and accuracy as well as on silent reading comprehension, but scores remained in the average range. The comorbid group demonstrated similar difficulties to the RD group on word reading accuracy and on reading rate but experienced problems on only silent reading comprehension. Implications for reading interventions are outlined, as well as the clinical relevance for diagnosis. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The (Chloromethyl)dihalosilanes X2HSiCH2Cl (X = F, Cl, Br, I): Synthesis, Multinuclear NMR Spectroscopy and Rotational Isomerism Examined by Raman Spectroscopy
Authors: Hassler Karl , Hummeltenberg Reinhard , Tekautz Günter 
Published: September 2004

Abstract(Chloromethyl)diphenylsilane Ph2HSiCH2Cl (1) was prepared from Ph2SiHCl and LiCH2Cl, in situ, and was then treated with CF3SO3H/LiCl and CF3SO3H/LiBr to give the (chloromethyl)dihalosilanes Cl2HSiCH2Cl (2) and Br2HSiCH2Cl (3). I2HSiCH2Cl (4) was formed quantitatively in a protodearylation reaction between liquid hydrogen iodide and 1. Fluorination of 4 with ZnF2 gave F2HSiCH2Cl (5), albeit in low yields. Compounds 1−5 were characterised by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy (29Si, 13C, 19F) and vibrational spectroscopy. The temperature‐dependent vibrational Raman spectra of 2, 3 and 4 prove that they are mixtures of gauche and anti rotamers in the liquid state. Enthalpy differences, ΔH (Hanti − Hgauche), were determined for the liquids by applying the van’t Hoff relation, with the gauche rotamer being lower in energy for 3 and 4, and the anti rotamer for 2. The vibrational spectra were assigned with the help of ab initio calculations of equilibrium geometries and harmonic fundamental frequencies. Harmonic symmetry force constants and potential energy distributions were calculated from the ab initio Hessian matrices. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
Chemical Vapor Deposition of Niobium Disulfide Thin Films
Authors: Carmalt Claire J. , Peters Emily S. , Parkin Ivan P. , Manning Troy D. , Hector Andrew L. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractAtmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition (APCVD) of niobium sulfide coatings was achieved on glass substrates from the reaction of NbCl5 and S(SiMe3)2, tBu2S2, tBuSH, or HSCH2CH2SH at 250−600 °C. The niobium sulfide films grown at temperatures above 500 °C were crystalline, and powder X‐ray diffraction showed that two polytypes of NbS2 were produced. The sulfur precursor used is fundamental to the polytype of NbS2 obtained; films that are grown from the APCVD reaction of NbCl5 and S(SiMe3)2 or tBu2S2 at 500−600 °C crystallize into the 1T structure, whereas those grown from the APCVD reaction of NbCl5 and tBuSH or HSCH2CH2SH at 500−600 °C crystallize into the 3R structure. Energy dispersive X‐ray analysis (EDXA) studies gave elemental ratios close to the expected 1:2 ratio for Nb:S. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed surface morphologies consistent with an island growth mechanism. The films were also characterized using Raman and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, both of which showed differences consistent with the formation of the two polytypes, 1T and 3R‐NbS2. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
Tetranuclear Copper(II) and Nickel(II) Complexes Incorporating a New Imidazole‐Containing Ligand
Authors: Mukherjee Soumen , Weyhermüller Thomas , Bill Eckhard , Chaudhuri Phalguni 
Published: September 2004

AbstractThe ligating properties of a new tridentate imidazole‐ and phenol‐containing ligand H3L towards nickel(II) and copper(II) ions have been studied. The ligand generates, in the presence of air and base, iminosemiquinone radical anions, which are not stable in the presence of the metal ions. The amine bond >C−NH− of the parent ligand becomes oxidized to >C=N− bonds upon coordination with NiII or CuII. The imidazole N atom becomes deprotonated and the resulting imidazolate group acts as a bridging ligand to generate tetranuclear complexes [CuII4L′4] and [NiII4L′4], where [L′]2− is the dianionic new Schiff base formed after oxidation of the parent ligand. The square‐planar tetranickel(II) complex is diamagnetic, as expected, whereas the four copper centres bridged by imidazolate anions in the complex [CuII4L′4] are antiferromagnetically exchange coupled (J = −49 cm−1), which has been supported by the EPR measurements. A simple magnetostructural correlation for the imidazolate‐bridged copper(II) complexes is yet to emerge. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
Structural Variety and Multiple Isomerism in 1‐(Dimethylamino)propyl‐2‐chalcogenolate and 2‐(Dimethylamino)propyl‐1‐chalcogenolate Complexes of Palladium(II) and Platinum(II): Synthesis, Spectroscopy and Structures
Authors: Dey Sandip , Kumbhare Liladhar B. , Jain Vimal K. , Schurr Thilo , Kaim Wolfgang , Klein Axel , Belaj Ferdinand 
Published: September 2004

AbstractIsomeric dichalcogenides [Me2NCH(Me)CH2E]2[(N∩E**)2] and [Me2NCH2CH(Me)E]2[(N∩E*)2] (E = S, Se, Te) have been obtained by the reactions of NaSH or M′2E2(M′ = Na or K) with Me2NCH2CHMeCl. The former reaction affords mainly (N∩E**)2(E = S) while from the latter mixtures of (N∩E**)2and (N∩E*)2[referred to as (N∩E)2, E = S, Se, Te] were isolated, the ratios in the mixtures depending on the chalcogen. Reactions of (N∩E)Na with [M2Cl2(μ‐Cl)2(PR3)2] gave complexes [MCl(N∩E)(PR3)] (M = Pd or Pt). These chiral, mixed‐ligand complexes have been characterised by elemental analysis, IR, UV/Vis and NMR (1H,13C,31P,77Se,125Te,195Pt) spectroscopy, and, in part, by X‐ray structure analysis. The complexes display a typical pattern of mutuallytrans‐oriented neutral (P and N) and anionic (Cl and E) donor atoms in an approximately square‐planar environment. In contrast to the platinum(II) analogues, the X‐ray structures of the complexes [PdCl(N∩E)(PMePh2)] (E = S or Se) revealed both a conformational isomerism of the five‐membered chelate ring and, for Se, the co‐crystallisation of complexes with both the N∩E* and N∩E** isomeric ligands. The thermal behaviour of some complexes has been investigated. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
Differential temperature regulation of three sunflower microsomal oleate desaturase (FAD2) isoforms overexpressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Sánchez‐García Alicia , Mancha Manuel , Heinz Ernst , Martínez‐Rivas José M. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractThe oxygen‐independent temperature regulation of three sunflower microsomal oleate desaturase (FAD2) isoforms has been investigated using Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells expressing each FAD2 gene. Yeast cells transformed with the FAD2‐1 gene showed the highest percentage of dienoic acids when they were grown at 10–15 °C. In contrast, the maximal level of dienoic acids for S. cerevisiae cells expressing the FAD2‐2 and FAD2‐3 genes were obtained at 30 and 35 °C, respectively. Temperature shifts in the phase of exponential growth, from 30 to 15 °C or from 15 to 30 °C, produced changes in the final percentage of dienoic acids, mostly in yeast cells transformed with the FAD2‐1 gene, to reach the content corresponding to the new temperature. Low temperature (15 °C) increased the amount of neutral lipids in all transformed yeast cells, mainly because it favored triacylglycerol accumulation. In addition, the FAD2‐expressing yeast cells showed a higher polar lipid content than those transformed with the empty vector. Dienoic acids were present in all lipids, although high temperature (30 °C) favored their accumulation in neutral lipids. As the main conclusion, the low thermal stability observed for the major and seed specific isoform (FAD2‐1) is the key factor controlling the direct temperature regulation in sunflower seeds.