bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evidence that the p53 negative / Bcl-2 positive phenotype is an independent indicator of good prognosis in colorectal cancer: A tissue microarray study of 460 patients
Authors: Watson Nicholas FS , Madjd Zahra , Scrimegour Duncan , Spendlove Ian , Ellis Ian O , Scholefield John H , Durrant Lindy G 
Published: July 2005

Abstract

Background
Advances in our understanding of the molecular biology of colorectal cancer have fuelled the search for novel molecular prognostic markers to complement existing staging systems. Markers assessed in combination may perform better than those considered individually. Using high-throughput tissue microarray technology, we describe the prognostic value of combined p53 / Bcl-2 status in colorectal cancer.

Patients and methods
Tumour samples from 462 patients who underwent elective surgery to resect a primary colorectal cancer between 1994 and 2000 (mean follow-up of 75 months) were assembled in tissue microarray format. Clinico-pathological data including tumour grade, stage, vascular invasion status along with disease specific survival data has been collected prospectively. Immunohistochemical analysis of p53 and Bcl-2 expression was performed using antibodies DO-7 (p53) and 124 (Bcl-2), and results correlated with known clinico-pathological variables and outcomes.

Results
Abnormal nuclear p53 accumulation and Bcl-2 overexpression were detected in 221/445 (49.6%) and199/437 (45.5%) tumours respectively, with a significant inverse correlation between the two markers (p = 0.023). On univariate analysis no correlations were found between either marker and standard clinico-pathological variables, however nuclear p53 expression was associated with a significantly reduced survival (p = 0.024). Combined analysis of the two markers indicated that 112/432 (24.2%) cases displayed a p53(-)/Bcl-2(+) phenotype, this occurring more frequently in earlier stage tumours. Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed a significant survival advantage in these p53(-)/Bcl-2(+) tumours compared with the remaining cases (p = 0.0032). On multivariate analysis using the Cox proportional hazards model, neither p53 expression nor Bcl-2 expression alone were of independent prognostic significance, however the combined p53(-)/Bcl-2(+) phenotype was significantly associated with a good prognosis in this series (HR 0.659, 95%CI 0.452–0.959, p = 0.029).

Conclusion
Patient stratification by combined p53 / Bcl-2 phenotype provides stage-independent prognostic information in colorectal cancer. Specifically, that up to a quarter of patients display a good prognosis p53(-)/Bcl-2(+) phenotype. This may indicate a more clinically indolent phenotype and a subset of patients for whom less aggressive adjuvant treatment appropriate.
Alternative pre-mRNA processing regulates cell-type specific expression of the IL4l1 and NUP62 genes
Authors: Wiemann Stefan , Kolb-Kokocinski Anja , Poustka Annemarie 
Published: July 2005

AbstractBackgroundGiven the complexity of higher organisms, the number of genes encoded by their genomes is surprisingly small. Tissue specific regulation of expression and splicing are major factors enhancing the number of the encoded products. Commonly these mechanisms are intragenic and affect only one gene.ResultsHere we provide evidence that theIL4I1gene is specifically transcribed from the apparent promoter of the upstreamNUP62gene, and that the first two exons ofNUP62are also contained in the novelIL4I1_2variant. While expression ofIL4I1driven from its previously described promoter is found mostly in B cells, the expression driven by theNUP62promoter is restricted to cells in testis (Sertoli cells) and in the brain (e.g., Purkinje cells). SinceNUP62is itself ubiquitously expressed, theIL4I1_2variant likely derives from cell type specific alternative pre-mRNA processing.ConclusionComparative genomics suggest that the promoter upstream of theNUP62gene originally belonged to theIL4I1gene and was later acquired byNUP62via insertion of a retroposon. Since both genes are apparently essential, the promoter had to serve two genes afterwards. Expression of theIL4I1gene from the "NUP62" promoter and the tissue specific involvement of the pre-mRNA processing machinery to regulate expression of two unrelated proteins indicate a novel mechanism of gene regulation.
Gait variability: methods, modeling and meaning
Authors: Hausdorff Jeffrey M 
Published: July 2005

Abstract
The study of gait variability, the stride-to-stride fluctuations in walking, offers a complementary way of quantifying locomotion and its changes with aging and disease as well as a means of monitoring the effects of therapeutic interventions and rehabilitation. Previous work has suggested that measures of gait variability may be more closely related to falls, a serious consequence of many gait disorders, than are measures based on the mean values of other walking parameters. The Current JNER series presents nine reports on the results of recent investigations into gait variability. One novel method for collecting unconstrained, ambulatory data is reviewed, and a primer on analysis methods is presented along with a heuristic approach to summarizing variability measures. In addition, the first studies of gait variability in animal models of neurodegenerative disease are described, as is a mathematical model of human walking that characterizes certain complex (multifractal) features of the motor control's pattern generator. Another investigation demonstrates that, whereas both healthy older controls and patients with a higher-level gait disorder walk more slowly in reduced lighting, only the latter's stride variability increases. Studies of the effects of dual tasks suggest that the regulation of the stride-to-stride fluctuations in stride width and stride time may be influenced by attention loading and may require cognitive input. Finally, a report of gait variability in over 500 subjects, probably the largest study of this kind, suggests how step width variability may relate to fall risk. Together, these studies provide new insights into the factors that regulate the stride-to-stride fluctuations in walking and pave the way for expanded research into the control of gait and the practical application of measures of gait variability in the clinical setting.
Genetic characterization of measles viruses isolated in Turkey during 2000 and 2001
Authors: Korukluoglu Gulay , Liffick Stephanie , Guris Dalya , Kobune Fumio , Rota Paul A , Bellini William J , Ceylan Ali , Ertem Meliksah 
Published: July 2005

Abstract

Background
Molecular epidemiologic studies have made significant contributions to measles surveillance activities by helping to identify source and transmission pathways of the virus. This report describes the genetic characterization of wild-type measles viruses isolated in Turkey in 2000 and 2001.

Results
Wild-type measles viruses were isolated from 24 cases from five provinces in Turkey during 2001. The viruses were analyzed using the standard genotyping protocols. All isolates were classified as genotype D6, the same genotype that was identified in Turkey in previous outbreaks during 1998.

Conclusion
Turkey has begun implementation of a national program to eliminate measles by 2010. Therefore, this baseline genotype data will provide a means to monitor the success of the elimination program.
Population health and wellbeing: Identifying priority areas for Victorian children
Authors: Davis Elise , Waters Elizabeth , Wake Melissa , Goldfeld Sharon , Williams Joanne , Mehmet-Radji Ozlem , Oberklaid Frank 
Published: July 2005

AbstractBackgroundPopulation health information, collected using soundly-designed methodologies, is essential to inform policy, research, and intervention programs. This study aimed to derive policy-oriented recommendations for the content of a health and wellbeing population survey of children 0–12 years living in Victoria, Australia.ResultsQualitative interviews were conducted with 54 academic and policy stakeholders, selected to encompass a wide breadth of expertise in areas of public health and inter-sectoral organisations relevant to child health outcomes, including universities, government and non-government agencies across Victoria. These stakeholders were asked to provide advice on strategic priorities for child health information (data) using a structured interview technique. Their comments were summarised and the major themes were extracted. The priority areas of health and wellbeing recommended for regular collection include obesity and its determinants, pregnancy and breastfeeding, oral health, injury, social and emotional health and wellbeing, family environment, community, health service utilisation, illness, and socioeconomic position. Population policy questions for each area were identified.ConclusionIn contrast to previous population survey programs nationally and internationally, this study sought to extract contemporary policy-oriented domains for inclusion in a strategic program of child health data collection, using a stakeholder consultation process to identify key domains and policy information needs. The outcomes are a rich and relevant set of recommendations which will now be taken forward into a regular statewide child health survey program.
More to ADHD than meets the eye: Observable abnormalities in search behaviour do not account for performance deficits on a discrimination task
Authors: Sonuga-Barke Edmund JS , Elgie Sarah , Hall Martin 
Published: July 2005

Abstract
Children with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) often perform poorly on tasks requiring sustained and systematic attention to stimuli for extended periods of time. The current paper tested the hypothesis that such deficits are the result of observable abnormalities in search behaviour (e.g., attention-onset, -duration and -sequencing), and therefore can be explained without reference to deficits in non-observable (i.e., cognitive) processes. Forty boys (20 ADHD and 20 controls) performed a computer-based complex discrimination task adapted from the Matching Familiar Figures Task with four different fixed search interval lengths (5-, 10-, 15- and 20-s). Children with ADHD identified fewer targets than controls (p < 0.001), initiated searches later, spent less time attending to stimuli, and searched in a less intensive and less systematic way (p's < 0.05). There were significant univariate associations between ADHD, task performance and search behaviour. However, there was no support for the hypothesis that abnormalities in search carried the effect of ADHD on performance. The pattern of results in fact suggested that abnormal attending during testing is a statistical marker, rather than a mediator, of ADHD performance deficits. The results confirm the importance of examining covert processes, as well as behavioural abnormalities when trying to understand the psychopathophyiology of ADHD.
Anatomic and functional leg-length inequality: A review and recommendation for clinical decision-making. Part II, the functional or unloaded leg-length asymmetry
Authors: Knutson Gary A 
Published: July 2005

Abstract

Background

Part II of this review examines the functional "short leg" or unloaded leg length alignment asymmetry, including the relationship between an anatomic and functional leg-length inequality. Based on the reviewed evidence, an outline for clinical decision making regarding functional and anatomic leg-length inequality will be provided.

Methods

Online databases: Medline, CINAHL and Mantis. Plus library searches for the time frame of 1970–2005 were done using the term "leg-length inequality".

Results and Discussion

The evidence suggests that an unloaded leg-length asymmetry is a different phenomenon than an anatomic leg-length inequality, and may be due to suprapelvic muscle hypertonicity. Anatomic leg-length inequality and unloaded functional or leg-length alignment asymmetry may interact in a loaded (standing) posture, but not in an unloaded (prone/supine) posture.

Conclusion

The unloaded, functional leg-length alignment asymmetry is a likely phenomenon, although more research regarding reliability of the measurement procedure and validity relative to spinal dysfunction is needed. Functional leg-length alignment asymmetry should be eliminated before any necessary treatment of anatomic LLI.
New Modes of Action for Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals
Authors: Tabb Michelle M. , Blumberg Bruce 
Published: July 2005

Abstract
Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDC) are commonly considered to be compounds that mimic or block the transcriptional activation elicited by naturally circulating steroid hormones by binding to steroid hormone receptors. For example, the Food Quality Protection Act of 1996 defines EDC as those, that “may have an effect in humans that is similar to an effect produced by a naturally occurring estrogen, or other such endocrine effect as the Administrator may designate.” The definition of EDC was later expanded to include those that act on the estrogen, androgen, and thyroid hormone receptors. In this minireview, we discuss new avenues through which xenobiotic chemicals influence these and other hormone-dependent signaling pathways. EDC can increase or block the metabolism of naturally occurring steroid hormones and other xenobiotic chemicals by activating or antagonizing nuclear hormone receptors. EDC affect the transcriptional activity of nuclear receptors by modulating proteasome-mediated degradation of nuclear receptors and their coregulators. Xenobiotics and environmental contaminants can act as hormone sensitizers by inhibiting histone deacetylase activity and stimulating mitogen-activated protein kinase activity. Some endocrine disrupters can have genome-wide effects on DNA methylation status. Others can modulate lipid metabolism and adipogenesis, perhaps contributing to the current epidemic of obesity. Additional elucidation of these new modes of endocrine disruption will be key in understanding the nature of xenobiotic effects on the endocrine system.
Reversible hearing loss associated with high-voltage electric shock
Authors: Jindal Pankaj , Nagarkar Anu N , Mann S B S 
Published: July 2005

Hearing loss associated with high-voltage electric shock is a rare entity and minimal information is available in the current literature about this condition. To our knowledge, this article represents the first case report in the literature of improvement in sensorineural hearing loss sustained due to a high-voltage electric shock.A case report of a patient who incurred various otologic problems, including hearing loss and tinnitus, is presented. An improvement in hearing loss and tinnitus was observed in the subsequent follow up after one month. Audiological findings and possible pathophysiology of hearing loss are discussed.We recommend that further studies be done to investigate the incidence, severity and pathophysiology of hearing loss in such cases.
Fibre-optic intubation in oncological head and neck emergencies
Authors: Varghese Bipin Thomas , Balakrishnan Mallika , Kuriakose Renju 
Published: July 2005

Objective: Although fibre-optic bronchoscopic intubation is well recognized as the most valuable adjunct for elective management of the difficult airway its precise role in oncological head and neck emergencies has not been evaluated. The objective of this study was to evaluate the role of fibre-optic intubation in such emergencies.Methods: This was a consecutive case series study by a single surgeon (the otolaryngologist) and anaesthetist team, taking place in a regional tertiary-referral head and neck surgical oncology centre. A series of 17 consecutive oncological head and neck emergency patients underwent fibre-optic intubation with a Portex endotracheal tube of inner diameter ≥7 mm, with the aid of a 6-mm (EB-1830T2) Pentax fibre-optic video bronchoscope. The study assessed occurrence of: avoidance of tracheostomy in bleeding emergencies; a well placed, uncomplicated tracheostomy in airway obstruction; and successful intubation.Results: Two cases were decannulated completely. All cases were successfully intubated and a tracheostomy was avoided in all cases in which emergency intubation was required and the patient was bleeding. We conclude that fibre-optic bronchoscopic intubation is a viable option in head and neck oncological emergencies due to upper airway obstruction and tumour bleeding. Clinical and endoscopic judgement and operator experience are the key factors determining success.
Anaplastic (undifferentiated) thyroid cancer: improved insight and therapeutic strategy into a highly aggressive disease
Authors: O’Neill J P , O’Neill B , Condron C , Walsh M , Bouchier-Hayes D 
Published: July 2005

Background: This review article discusses the clinical and diagnostic implications of anaplastic thyroid cancer, recognizing the aggressive nature of the disease and extensive disease progression upon diagnosis. Standard treatment strategies (surgical, chemotherapy, radiation) are discussed, comparing adjuvant and neo-adjuvant regimens and the emergence of tumour resistance with expression of multidrug resistance pumps. We question the pathological evolution of anaplasia as a ‘de novo’ disease or a post malignant transformation or dedifferentiation and the therapeutic implications of p53 mutation. Future treatment options are reviewed with an emphasis on specific molecular targets responsible for the neoplastic phenotype.Method: An electronic search on Medline and Pubmed was performed under ‘anaplastic thyroid carcinoma’, ‘anaplastic thyroid carcinogenesis’, ‘anaplastic thyroid carcinoma treatment reviews’. Relevant papers were systematically reviewed from 1965 to present.
An audit of clinical resources available for the care of head and neck cancer patients in England
Authors: Bradley P J , Zutshi B , Nutting C M 
Published: July 2005

Objective: To undertake a postal survey of cancer networks to define the services available for the diagnosis, treatment and support of patients with head and neck cancer in England.Findings: Thirty-four cancer networks are now responsible for the delivery of head and neck cancer services in England and 52 cancer units responded to our questionnaire. Multidisciplinary team working was evident in all centres. However such team working was not always fully staffed, especially in areas of national staff shortages such as pathology, radiology, dietetics and speech therapy. Rapid referral pathways were present for initial assessment of patients but clinically significant delays were identified in the provision of complex investigations, in access to intensive care beds and for oncological care – especially radiotherapy.Conclusions: Major changes in service configuration are likely to be required if the current national targets of time to diagnosis and treatment are to be met.
Smallmouth Bass Recruitment Variability and Its Relation to Stream Discharge in Three Virginia Rivers
Authors: Smith Scott M. , Odenkirk John S. , Reeser Stephen J. 
Published: July 2005

Abstract
The recruitment of smallmouth bass Micropterus dolomieu in rivers commonly exhibits a high degree of annual variation. We examined three rivers in Virginia with the objectives of determining the magnitude of recruitment variability, identifying a functional index for measuring year-class strength, and examining the relationship between stream discharge and recruitment success. Recruitment in the three study rivers varied by as much as an order of magnitude among years. The electrofishing catch per unit effort of age-0 smallmouth bass in September–November was a reliable measure of year-class strength. The recruitment success of smallmouth bass was significantly related to mean June streamflow using a nonlinear model, with the strongest year-classes produced in years with moderate flows. Mean June streamflow reasonably predicted the abundance of age-0 smallmouth bass in the fall. Our data suggest that stream discharge during and immediately after spawning could be critical to smallmouth bass recruitment success.
Index-Removal Estimates of Dredge Efficiency for Sea Scallops on Georges Bank
Authors: Gedamke Todd , DuPaul William D. , Hoenig John M. 
Published: July 2005

Abstract
In June of 1999, fishermen were allowed access to the southern section of Georges Bank Closed Area II in the North Atlantic to harvest the large biomass of sea scallops Placopecten magellanicus that had accumulated during a 5-year multispecies fishing ban. Prior to the opening, managers conducted a fine-scale survey of the area and a catch quota was established as a fixed percentage of the estimated biomass. The estimate of biomass was uncertain because it was based on estimates of dredge efficiency that ranged from 16% to 40%. Because survey stations were reoccupied at the end of the fishery and significant removals had occurred, it was possible to use the index-removal method to obtain an estimate of gear efficiency. The estimate was 54% and ranged from 41% to 54% depending on model inputs. The 54% efficiency is believed to represent a maximal efficiency estimate.
Turing Computations On Ordinals
Authors: Koepke Peter 
Published: July 2005

AbstractWe define the notion ofordinal computabilityby generalizing standard Turingcomputability on tapes of length ω to computations on tapes of arbitrary ordinal length. We show that a set of ordinals is ordinal computable from a finite set of ordinal parameters if and only if it is an element of Gödel'sconstructible universeL. This characterization can be used to prove the generalized continuum hypothesis inL.
Undecidability of First-Order Intuitionistic and Modal Logics with Two variables
Authors: Kontchakov Roman , Kurucz Agi , Zakharyaschev Michael 
Published: July 2005

AbstractWe prove that the two-variable fragment of first-order intuitionistic logic is undecidable, even without constants and equality. We also show that the two-variable fragment of a quantified modal logicLwith expanding first-order domains is undecidable whenever there is a Kripke frame forLwith a point having infinitely many successors (such are, in particular, the first-order extensions of practically all standard modal logics likeK, K4, GL, S4, S5, K4.1, S4.2, GL.3, etc.). For many quantified modal logics, including those in the standard nomenclature above, even the monadic two-variable fragments turn out to be undecidable.
Minimal predicates, fixed-points, and definability
Authors: Benthem Johan Van 
Published: July 2005

AbstractMinimal predicates P satisfying a given first-order description ϕ(P) occur widely in mathematical logic and computer science. We give an explicit first-order syntax for special first-order ‘PIA conditions’ ϕ(P) which guarantees unique existence of such minimal predicates. Our main technical result is a preservation theorem showing PIA-conditions to be expressively complete for all those first-order formulas that are preserved under a natural model-theoretic operation of ‘predicate intersection’. Next, we show how iterated predicate minimization on PIA-conditions yields a language MIN(FO) equal in expressive power to LFP(FO), first-order logic closed under smallest fixed-points for monotone operations. As a concrete illustration of these notions, we show how our sort of predicate minimization extends the usual frame correspondence theory of modal logic, leading to a proper hierarchy of modal axioms: first-order-definable, first-order fixed-point definable, and beyond.
Canonical extensions and relational completeness of some substructural logics
Authors: Dunn J. Michael , Gehrke Mai , Palmigiano Alessandra 
Published: July 2005

AbstractIn this paper we introduce canonical extensions of partially ordered sets and monotone maps and a corresponding discrete duality. We then use these to give a uniform treatment of completeness of relational semantics for various substructural logics with implication as the residual(s) of fusion.