bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spectrin and ankyrin in brain
Authors: Benett Vann , Davis Jonathan 
Published: April 2005

AbstractFurther similarity between mammalian erythrocyte spectrin and pig brain spectrin has been demonstrated by (a) formation of hybrid molecules with brain α‐chains and erythrocyte β‐chains and by (b) identification of an ankyrin protein in brain membranes. Hybrid spectrin molecules prepared from brain α‐chains and erythrocyte β‐chains were visualized by low‐angle rotary shadowing as double‐stranded rods (dimers) 100 nM in length. 125I‐labeled brain α‐chain that was hybridized with erythrocyte β‐subunit acquired ability to bind to ankyrin sites on erythrocyte membranes. 125I‐labeled brain α‐chain bound only to β‐subunits of erythrocyte and brain spectrin following transfer of these polypeptides to nitrocellulose paper from sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) gels. Thus brain spectrin and mammalian erythrocyte spectrin have shared functional sites involved in association of their subunits. Additional evidence for similarity of brain and erythrocyte membranes is the finding of a 210,000 Mr membrane protein in brain that cross‐reacts with erythrocyte ankyrin and has a water‐soluble domain of 72,000 Mr that is produced by protease digestion. The 72,000 Mr domain of brain ankyrin has been isolated by affinity chromatography on erythrocyte spectrin‐Sepharose, and was demonstrated to bind directly to erythrocyte and brain spectrin. The brain 72,000 Mr fragment has distinct peptide maps from the erythrocyte 72,000 Mr ankyrin fragment and thus is not a result of erythrocyte contamination.
A spectrin‐like protein from mouse brain membranes: Immunological and structural correlations with erythrocyte spectrin
Authors: Goodman Steven R. , Zagon Ian S. , Whitfield Carol F. , Casoria Linda A. , McLaughlin Patricia J. , Laskiewicz Theresa L. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractMembrane‐associated mouse brain spectrin is a 972,000 Mr, 10.5S, (αβ)2 tetramer containing two ∼ 240,000 Mr subunits and two ∼ 235,000 Mr subunits. Two‐dimensional [125I]tryptic peptide mapping indicates that these subunits share only limited and equivalent overlap with the α‐ and β‐subunits of red blood cell (RBC) spectrin. Both the 220,000 Mr β‐subunit of RBC spectrin and the 235,000 Mr β‐subunit of brain spectrin are phosphorylated in the intact mouse. In vitro analysis suggests that both are phosphorylated by a cAMP‐independent protein kinase. Antibodies against pure native mouse red blood cell spectrin cross‐react with brain spectrin, and antibodies against pure brain spectrin cross‐react with both the α‐and β‐subunits of mouse RBC spectrin. Both antibodies have been utilized to localize brain spectrin within distinct cellular entities of the mouse cerebellum. Granule cell neurons of the internal granule layer and Purkinje cell neurons demonstrated intense fluorscence of the cortical cytoplasm immediately adjacent to the plasma membrane and unstained nuclei, when either RBC or brain spectrin antibodies were utilized for staining. The molecular layer of the cerebellum stained only lightly, and oligodendrocytes and astrocytes appeared to have little fluorescence. Therefore, while brain is a tissue rich in nonerythroid spectrin, the concentration of these immunoreactive analogues is quite variable within distinct cellular entities of the cerebellum.
The efficacy of epirubicin, cisplatin, uracil/tegafur, and leucovorin in patients with advanced biliary tract carcinoma
Authors: Park Kyong‐Hwa , Choi In‐Keun , Kim Seok‐Jin , Oh Sang‐Chul , Seo Jae‐Hong , Choi Chul‐Won , Kim Byung‐Soo , Shin Sang‐Won , Kim Yeul‐Hong , Kim Jun‐Suk 
Published: April 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDAdvanced biliary tract carcinoma is among the most prevalent fatal diseases in Korea. However, to our knowledge, to date no effective therapeutic modality has been shown to prolong the survival of patients in the inoperable stages of this disease.METHODSThis Phase II study was conducted to determine the efficacy and toxicity of a combined regimen of epirubicin, cisplatin, and uracil/tegafur (UFT) modulated by leucovorin in patients with advanced or recurrent biliary tract carcinoma.RESULTSEleven of 40 patients (27.5%) had gallbladder carcinoma, and the remaining patients had tumors arising from other sites in the biliary tract. All patients were treated with intravenous epirubicin (50 mg/m2 on Day 1), intravenous cisplatin (60 mg/m2 on Day 1), oral UFT (300 mg/m2 per day on Days 1–21), and oral leucovorin (75 mg per day on Days 1–21). Nine patients exhibited a partial response, representing 22.5% of the possible response rate (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 12.8–32.2%) based on an intention‐to‐treat analysis. The median survival was 34 weeks (95% CI, 20–48 weeks), and the median time to disease progression was 16 weeks (95% CI, 7–25 weeks). Neutropenia and thrombocytopenia comprised dose‐limiting toxicity conditions.CONCLUSIONSThe combination of epirubicin, cisplatin, and UFT modulated by leucovorin was active marginally in patients with advanced biliary tract carcinoma and was capable of stabilizing the disease effectively. Because it was a safe and convenient treatment modality, it may be used in outpatient care with only minor toxicity in patients with advanced malignancies of the biliary tract. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Relation between smoking cessation and receiving results from three annual spiral chest computed tomography scans for lung carcinoma screening
Authors: Townsend Cynthia O. , Clark Matthew M. , Jett James R. , Patten Christi A. , Schroeder Darrell R. , Nirelli Liza M. , Swensen Stephen J. , Hurt Richard D. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe relation between undergoing a single computed tomography (CT) screening for lung carcinoma and the potential long‐term impact on smoking status has been equivocal. Perhaps, recommendations from multiple cancer screenings may promote smoking abstinence among individuals at high risk for lung carcinoma.METHODSThe current longitudinal study comprised 926 current smokers and 594 former smokers who participated in 3 annual follow‐up low‐dose, fast spiral chest CT scan screenings for lung carcinoma. Baseline demographic, pulmonary function, smoking history variables, and previous abnormal findings were evaluated as predictors of self‐reported point prevalence smoking abstinence.RESULTSAmong current smokers at baseline, abstinence from smoking during the 3‐year follow‐up was associated with older age, worse baseline pulmonary function, and abnormal CT finding the previous year requiring interim follow‐up. Of participants who received abnormal screens each of the previous 3 years, 41.9% reported smoking abstinence compared with 28.0% with 2 abnormal screens, 24.2% with 1 abnormal screen, and 19.8% with no abnormal screens. Among former smokers, abstinence from smoking was associated with a longer duration of abstinence before the baseline visit.CONCLUSIONSSmokers with abnormal CT findings from multiple CT screens were more likely to be abstinent from smoking at the 3‐year follow‐up. Multiple low‐dose, fast spiral chest CT scan screenings for lung carcinoma may represent teachable moments and opportunities to enhance motivation for smoking abstinence. Further research is needed to continue to investigate how annual screening may enhance motivation for health behavior change. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Impedance spectroscopy flow cytometry: On‐chip label‐free cell differentiation
Authors: Cheung Karen , Gawad Shady , Renaud Philippe 
Published: April 2005

AbstractBackgroundThe microfabricated impedance spectroscopy flow cytometer used in this study permits rapid dielectric characterization of a cell population with a simple microfluidic channel. Impedance measurements over a wide frequency range provide information on cell size, membrane capacitance, and cytoplasm conductivity as a function of frequency. The amplitude, opacity, and phase information can be used for discrimination between different cell populations without the use of cell markers.MethodsPolystyrene beads, red blood cells (RBCs), ghosts, and RBCs fixed in glutaraldehyde were passed through a microfabricated flow cytometer and measured individually by using two simultaneously applied discrete frequencies. The cells were characterized at 1,000 per minute in the frequency range of 350 kHz to 20 MHz.ResultsCell size was easily measured with submicron accuracy. Polystyrene beads and RBCs were differentiated using opacity. RBCs and ghosts were differentiated using phase information, whereas RBCs and fixed RBCs were differentiated using opacity. RBCs fixed using increasing concentrations of glutaraldehyde showed increasing opacity. This increased opacity was linked to decreased cytoplasm conductivity and decreased membrane capacitance, both resulting from protein cross‐linking.ConclusionsThis work presents label‐free differentiation of cells in an on‐chip flow cytometer based on impedance spectroscopy, which will be a powerful tool for cell characterization. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Selecting the right fluorophores and flow cytometer for fluorescence resonance energy transfer measurements
Authors: Horváth Gábor , Petrás Miklós , Szentesi Gergely , Fábián Ákos , Park John W. , Vereb György , Szöllősi János 
Published: April 2005

AbstractBackgroundFluorescence resonance energy transfer applied in flow cytometry (FCET) is an excellent tool for determining supramolecular organization of biomolecules at the cell surface or inside the cell. Availability of new fluorophores and cytometers requires the establishment of fluorophore dye pairs most suitable for FCET measurements.MethodsA gastric tumor cell line (N87) was labeled for major histocompatibility complex class I heavy chain and β2‐microglobulin with antibodies conjugated with fluorescein‐ and indocarbocyanine‐like fluorophores and analyzed in FCET measurements on a cell‐by‐cell basis using three flow cytometers: FACSCalibur, FACSDiVa, and FACSArray.ResultsNormalized fluorescence intensity values were measured and normalized energy transfer efficiencies, spectral overlap integrals, and crucial dye‐ and instrument‐dependent parameters were calculated for all matching pairs of seven fluorophores on the three commercial cytometers. The most crucial parameter in determining the applicability of the donor‐acceptor pairs was the normalized fluorescence intensity and the least important one was the spectral overlap.ConclusionsOn the basis of available laser lines, the optimal dye pair for all three cytometers is the Alexa546‐Alexa647 pair, which produces high energy transfer efficiency values and has the best spectral characteristics with regard to laser excitation, detection of emission, and spectral overlap. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Electro‐Conducting Properties of Charge‐Transfer Salts Based on Cationic and Anionic Platinum Dithiolenes — Crystal Structure of [Pt(Me2pipdt)2][Pt(dtcr)2]
Authors: Deplano Paola , Mercuri Maria Laura , Marchiò Luciano , Pilia Luca , Salidu Marco , Serpe Angela , Congiu Francesco , Sanna Samuele 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThe structure/property relationship of the following CT salts, [M(R2pipdt)2][M(mnt)2] (where R2pipdt = N,N'‐dialkylpiperazine‐2,3‐dithione; mnt = maleonitrile‐2,3‐dithiolate), [R = Me, M = Pd (1a) and Pt (2a); R = Et, M = Pt (2b)],which were previously characterised, and [Pt(R2pipdt)2][Pt(dtcr)2] [R = Me, (3a); R = Et, (3b); dtcr = 4,5‐disulfanylcyclopent‐4‐ene‐1,2,3‐trionate, known as dithiocroconate] are investigated here. These salts show strong near IR CT bands and semiconducting behaviour. The structural features of 3a are similar to those found for 2a: approximately square planar [Pt(Me2‐pipdt)2] dications and regular square planar [Pt(dtcr)2] dianions form an infinite anion–cation one‐dimensional stack along the c axis with a Pt···Pt c/2 distance of 3.408 (1) Å. In 3a, a net of weak interactions between the N and O atoms of the cation and of the anion contributes to the alignment of 3a in the stack. However, these interactions do not overcome the less favourable redox properties of the components, that is, promoting CT interactions with respect to the corresponding mnt salts. The specific electrical conductivity of pressed powder pellets ranges from 10–11 to 10–5 Ω–1 cm–1 at room temperature, follows the Arrhenius law with activation energies in the range of 0.2–0.6 eV, and is related to the driving force of the electron transfer. Preliminary photoconductivity measurements performed on the two relatively more conducting samples, 2a and 2b, show a gain in current during illumination, similarly to that observed in organic–inorganic photoconductor CT salts C[ML2] (C2+ is 2,2' or 4,4'‐bipyridinium or similar derivatives, L2– = dithiolato), which have been extensively investigated by the Kisch group. Crystal data for 3a: triclinic, P$\bar {1}$; Z = 2; T = 293(2) K; a = 8.683(2) Å, b = 14.009(5) Å, c = 6.815(2) Å; α = 100.58(4)°, β = 98.99(3)°, γ = 100.69(3)°. R indices (all data) R1 = 0.0516, wR2 = 0.1412. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
A life cycle assessment of mechanical and feedstock recycling options for management of plastic packaging wastes
Authors: Perugini Floriana , Mastellone Maria Laura , Arena Umberto 
Published: April 2005

AbstractLife cycle assessment (LCA) methodology is generally considered one of the best environmental management tools that can be used to compare alternative eco‐performances of recycling or disposal systems. It considers the environment as a whole, including indirect releases, energy and material consumption, emissions in the environment, and waste disposal and follows each activity from the extraction of raw materials to the return of wastes to the ground (cradle‐to‐grave approach). The study refers to the whole Italian system for recycling of household plastic packaging wastes. The aim was to quantify the overall environmental performances of mechanical recycling of plastic containers in Italy and to compare them with those of conventional options of landfilling or incineration and of a couple of innovative processes of feedstock recycling, low‐temperature fluidized bed pyrolysis, and high‐pressure hydrogenation. The results confirm that recycling scenarios are always preferable to those of nonrecycling. They also highlight the good environmental performance of new plastic waste management schemes that couple feedstock and mechanical recycling processes. © 2005 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 2005
Amore protocol in pediatric head and neck rhabdomyosarcoma: Descriptive analysis of failure patterns
Authors: Buwalda Joeri , Freling Nicole J. , Blank Leo E. C. M. , Balm Alfons J. M. , Bras Johannes , Voûte Paul A. , Caron Huib N. , Schouwenburg Paul F. , Merks Johannes H. M. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractBackground.The AMORE protocol is a local treatment for patients with nonorbital pediatric head and neck rhabdomyosarcoma (HNRMS). The objectives of this study were: (1) to assess the adequacy of the concept, and (2) to identify factors associated with relapse.Methods.We performed a retrospective multidisciplinary review of 22 children primarily treated according to the AMORE protocol, excluding two children with inadequate imaging data.Results.Seven patients had a local relapse, six within and one outside the residual tumor area. Five of the six patients with relapse in the residual area had gross total or debulking (incomplete) surgery, suboptimal position of the mold for brachytherapy, or both. In the 15 nonrecurrent cases, four patients had either incomplete surgery or suboptimal mold position. Both surgical and brachytherapeutic factors seem to be associated with relapse.Conclusions.AMORE is an adequate concept. More rigid preoperative imaging and intraoperative verification of the brachytherapy mold position might lead to a reduction in the number of local failures. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 27: XXX–XXX, 2005
SPOC1, a novel PHD‐finger protein: Association with residual disease and survival in ovarian cancer
Authors: Mohrmann Gerrit , Hengstler Jan G. , Hofmann Thomas G. , Endele Sabine U. , Lee Brendan , Stelzer Christiane , Zabel Bernhard , Brieger Juergen , Hasenclever Dirk , Tanner Berno , Sagemueller Jens , Sehouli Jalid , Will Hans , Winterpacht Andreas 
Published: April 2005

AbstractWe report the identification of a novel human gene (SPOC1) which encodes a protein with a PHD‐finger domain. The gene is located in chromosomal region 1p36.23, a region implicated in tumor development and progression. RNA in situ hybridization experiments showed strong SPOC1 expression in some rapidly proliferating cell types, such as spermatogonia, but not in nonpro‐liferating mature spermatocytes. In addition, high SPOC1 mRNA expression was observed in several ovarian cancer cell lines. This prompted us to systematically examine SPOC1 expression in ovarian cancer in relation to prognosis. SPOC1 mRNA expression was quantified in tumor tissue of 103 patients with epithelial ovarian cancer. Interestingly, SPOC1 was associated with residual disease, whereby patients with unresectable tumors showed higher levels compared to patients without residual tumor tissue after surgery (p = 0.029). The univariable proportional hazards model showed an association between SPOC1 expression and survival (p = 0.043, relative risk = 1.535). Median survival time was 1,596 days for patients with low SPOC1 expression vs. only 347 days for patients with high expression, using Kaplan‐Meier analysis. However, SPOC1 was not associated with survival when multivariable analysis was adjusted for residual disease. This can be explained by the correlation between residual disease and SPOC1 expression. In conclusion, SPOC1 is a novel PHD‐finger protein showing strong expression in spermatogonia and ovarian cancer cells. SPOC1 overexpression was associated with unresectable carcinomas and shorter survival in ovarian cancer. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Penile cancer: Importance of circumcision, human papillomavirus and smoking in in situ and invasive disease
Authors: Daling Janet R. , Madeleine Margaret M. , Johnson Lisa G. , Schwartz Stephen M. , Shera Katherine A. , Wurscher Michelle A. , Carter Joseph J. , Porter Peggy L. , Galloway Denise A. , McDougall James K. , Krieger John N. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractFew population‐based case‐control studies have assessed etiologic factors for penile cancer. Past infection with high‐risk human papillomavirus (HPV) is a known risk factor for penile cancer; however, few previous studies have related the HPV DNA status of the tumor to potential demographic and behavioral risk factors for the disease or evaluated whether in situ and invasive penile cancer share risk factors. Little information is available on the role and timing of circumcision in the etiology of penile cancer. We conducted a population‐based case‐control study in western Washington state that included 137 men diagnosed with in situ (n = 75) or invasive (n = 62) penile cancer between January 1, 1979, and December 31, 1998, and 671 control men identified through random digit dialing. Cases and controls were interviewed in person and provided peripheral blood samples. Case and control blood samples were tested for antibodies to HPV16 and HSV‐2, and tumor specimens from cases were tested for HPV DNA. Men not circumcised during childhood were at increased risk of invasive (OR = 2.3, 95% CI 1.3–4.1) but not in situ (OR = 1.1, 95% CI 0.6–1.8) penile cancer. Approximately 35% of men with penile cancer who had not been circumcised in childhood reported a history of phimosis compared to 7.6% of controls (OR = 7.4, 95% CI 3.7–15.0). Penile conditions such as tear, rash and injury were associated with increased risk of disease. Among men not circumcised in childhood, phimosis was strongly associated with development of invasive penile cancer (OR = 11.4, 95% CI 5.0–25.9). When we restricted our analysis to men who did not have phimosis, the risk of invasive penile cancer associated with not having been circumcised in childhood was not elevated (OR = 0.5, 95% CI 0.1–2.5). Cigarette smoking was associated with a 4.5‐fold risk (95% CI 2.0–10.1) of invasive penile cancer. HPV DNA was detected in 79.8% of tumor specimens, and 69.1% of tumors were HPV16‐positive. The proportion of HPV DNA‐positive tumors did not vary by any risk factors evaluated. Many risk factors were common for both in situ and invasive disease. However, 3 factors that did not increase the risk for in situ cancer proved significant risk factors for invasive penile cancer: lack of circumcision during childhood, phimosis and cigarette smoking. The high percentage of HPV DNA‐positive tumors in our study is consistent with a strong association between HPV infection and the development of penile cancer regardless of circumcision status. Circumcision in early childhood may help prevent penile cancer by eliminating phimosis, a significant risk factor for the disease. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Genomic gains on chromosome 1q in retinoblastoma: Consequences on gene expression and association with clinical manifestation
Authors: Gratias Sandrine , Schüler Andreas , Hitpass Ludger Klein , Stephan Harald , Rieder Harald , Schneider Stephanie , Horsthemke Bernhard , Lohmann Dietmar R. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractMany retinoblastomas (Rbs) show genomic alterations in addition to mutational loss of both normal RB1 alleles. The most frequent of these changes are gains on chromosomes 1q and 6p and losses on 16q. To identify the genes targeted by gains on chromosome 1q, we used quantitative‐multiplex PCR to determine DNA copy number changes in 76 primary tumors and 6 Rb cell lines. In addition, in 21 of these tumors, gene expression was analyzed by cDNA microarray hybridization. Increased copy numbers of loci on chromosome 1q were present in 34 (45%) primary tumors and in all 6 cell lines. Two regions of gain emerged, one in 1q32 and another in 1q21. Tumors with 1q gains showed higher RNA expression of several genes in these 2 regions. The clinical manifestation of tumors with and without gains was similar with regard to many aspects, including size, necrosis and calcification. However, the distribution of age at diagnosis was remarkably distinct, with earlier diagnosis in tumors without gains. This suggests that these tumors either are initiated earlier or grow faster than tumors with gains. This association with clinical manifestation indicates that gains on 1q are significant for the biology of Rb. The genes on 1q with copy number gains and overexpression are candidates that need to be tested for their individual contribution to the progression of Rb. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.