bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lanthanide Chelates Containing Pyridine Units with Potential Application as Contrast Agents in Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Platas‐Iglesias Carlos , Mato‐Iglesias Marta , Djanashvili Kristina , Muller Robert N. , Elst Luce Vander , Peters Joop A. , de Blas Andrés , Rodríguez‐Blas Teresa 
Published: June 2004

AbstractA new pyridine‐containing ligand, N,N′‐bis(6‐carboxy‐2‐pyridylmethyl)ethylenediamine‐N,N′‐diacetic acid (H4L), has been designed for the complexation of lanthanide ions. 1H and 13C NMR studies in D2O solutions show octadentate binding of the ligand to the LnIII ions through the nitrogen atoms of two amine groups, the oxygen atoms of four carboxylates, and the two nitrogen atoms of the pyridine rings. Luminescence measurements demonstrate that both EuIII and TbIII complexes are nine‐coordinate, whereby a water molecule completes the LnIII coordination sphere. Ligand L can sensitize both the EuIII and TbIII luminescence; however, the quantum yields of the EuIII‐ and TbIII‐centered luminescence remain modest. This is explained in terms of energy differences between the singlet and triplet states on the one hand, and between the 0‐phonon transition of the triplet state and the excited metal ion states on the other. The anionic [Ln(L)(H2O)]− complexes (Ln=La, Pr, and Gd) were also characterized by theoretical calculations both in vacuo and in aqueous solution (PCM model) at the HF level by means of the 3–21G* basis set for the ligand atoms and a 46+4 fn effective core potential for the lanthanides. The structures obtained from these theoretical calculations are in very good agreement with the experimental solution structures, as demonstrated by paramagnetic NMR measurements (lanthanide‐induced shifts and relaxation‐rate enhancements). Data sets obtained from variable‐temperature 17O NMR at 7.05 T and variable‐temperature 1H nuclear magnetic relaxation dispersion (NMRD) on the GdIII complex were fitted simultaneously to give insight into the parameters that govern the water 1H relaxivity. The water exchange rate (k${{298\hfill \atop {\rm ex}\hfill}}$=5.0×106 s−1) is slightly faster than in [Gd(dota)(H2O)]− (DOTA=1,4,7,10‐tetrakis(carboxymethyl)‐1,4,7,10‐tetraazacyclododecane). Fast rotation limits the relaxivity under the usual MRI conditions.
Cytotoxic trans‐Oriented Platinum Complexes only Form Adducts with Single‐Stranded Oligodeoxynucleotides
Authors: Vinje Jo , Intini Francesco P. , Natile Giovanni , Sletten Einar 
Published: June 2004

AbstractThe reactions of the anticancer complex trans‐[PtCl2{(E)‐HNC(OMe)Me}2] (trans‐EE) with both single‐stranded and double‐stranded deoxyribonucleotides have been studied by HPLC and 2D [1H,15N] HMQC NMR spectroscopy and compared with those of cis‐[PtCl2(NH3)2] (cis‐DDP). Reactions of trans‐EE with the single‐stranded oligonucleotides d(CCTCGCTCTC) and d(CCTGGTCC) proceed rapidly through solvolysis of the starting substrate and subsequent formation of G‐N7/monochloro trans‐EE adducts. The rate of reaction is comparable to that of formation of an adduct from trans‐EE and the dinuclotide d(ApG). Quite unexpectedly, the double‐helical duplexes, d(TATGGTACCATA)2 and d(TATGGCCATA)2, with no terminal G residues, are practically inert towards trans‐EE, and only minor species (<5 % as estimated from HPLC traces) appear during 24 h reaction time. However, the duplexes d[(CCTCGCTCTC)⋅ (GAGAGCGAGG)] and d(GATAGGCCTATC)2, which contain both terminal and central G residues, undergo platination only at the terminal, solvent‐exposed, G residues, thereby confirming that the interior of the duplex is not accessible to trans‐EE due to steric hindrance. In contrast, cis‐DDP was found to bind exclusively to the central GG pair in d(GATAGGCCTATC)2.
Control of Molecular Topology and Metal Nuclearity in Multimetallic Assemblies: Designer Metallosiloxanes Derived from Silanetriols
Authors: Roesky Herbert W. , Anantharaman Ganapathi , Chandrasekhar Vadapalli , Jancik Vojtech , Singh Sanjay 
Published: June 2004

AbstractLipophilic N‐bonded silanetriol RSi(OH)3 (R=(2,6‐iPr2C6H3)N(SiMe3)) can be utilized as an effective synthon for building a variety of multimetallic assemblies containing the Si‐O‐M motif. The type of metallosiloxane synthesized—its nuclearity and its molecular topology—can be readily modulated by the choice of the metal substrate, reaction stoichiometry, and reaction conditions. It is anticipated that the synthetic principles elaborated here will allow the design of many other multifunctional synthons.
Annual report to the nation on the status of cancer, 1975–2001, with a special feature regarding survival
Authors: Jemal Ahmedin , Clegg Limin X. , Ward Elizabeth , Ries Lynn A. G. , Wu Xiaocheng , Jamison Patricia M. , Wingo Phyllis A. , Howe Holly L. , Anderson Robert N. , Edwards Brenda K. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe American Cancer Society (ACS), the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the National Cancer Institute (NCI), and the North American Association of Central Cancer Registries (NAACCR) collaborate annually to provide updated information regarding cancer occurrence and trends in the U.S. This year's report features a special section on cancer survival.METHODSInformation concerning cancer cases was obtained from the NCI, CDC, and NAACCR and information concerning recorded cancer deaths was obtained from the CDC. The authors evaluated trends in age‐adjusted cancer incidence and death rates by regression models and described and compared survival rates over time and across racial/ethnic populations.RESULTSIncidence rates for all cancers combined decreased from 1991 through 2001, but stabilized from 1995 through 2001 when adjusted for delay in reporting. The incidence rates for female lung cancer decreased (although not statistically significant for delay adjusted) and mortality leveled off for the first time after increasing for many decades. Colorectal cancer incidence rates also decreased. Death rates decreased for all cancers combined (1.1% per year since 1993) and for many of the top 15 cancers occurring in men and women. The 5‐year relative survival rates improved for all cancers combined and for most, but not all, cancers over 2 diagnostic periods (1975–1979 and 1995–2000). However, cancer‐specific survival rates were lower and the risk of dying from cancer, once diagnosed, was higher in most minority populations compared with the white population. The relative risk of death from all cancers combined in each racial and ethnic population compared with non‐Hispanic white men and women ranged from 1.16 in Hispanic white men to 1.69 in American Indian/Alaska Native men, with the exception of Asian/Pacific Islander women, whose risk of 1.01 was similar to that of non‐Hispanic white women.CONCLUSIONSThe continued measurable declines for overall cancer death rates and for many of the top 15 cancers, along with improved survival rates, reflect progress in the prevention, early detection, and treatment of cancer. However, racial and ethnic disparities in survival and the risk of death from cancer, and geographic variation in stage distributions suggest that not all segments of the U.S. population have benefited equally from such advances. Cancer 2004. Published 2004 by the American Cancer Society.
Expression patterns of Xenopus FGF receptor‐like 1/nou‐darake in early Xenopus development resemble those of planarian nou‐darake and Xenopus FGF8
Authors: Hayashi Shuichi , Itoh Mari , Taira Sumiko , Agata Kiyokazu , Taira Masanori 
Published: June 2004

AbstractFibroblast growth factors (FGFs) mediate many cell‐to‐cell signaling events during early development. Nou‐darake (ndk), a gene encoding an FGF receptor (FGFR)‐like molecule, was found to be highly and specifically expressed in the head region of the planarian Dugesia japonica, and its functional analyses provided strong molecular evidence for the existence of a brain‐inducing circuit based on the FGF signaling pathway. To analyze the role of ndk during vertebrate development, we isolated the Xenopus ortholog of ndk, the vertebrate FGFR‐like 1 gene (XFGFRL1). Expression of XFGFRL1/Xndk was first detected in the anterior region at the late gastrula stage and dramatically increased at the early neurula stage in an overall anterior mesendodermal region, including the prechordal plate, paraxial mesoderm, anterior endoderm, and archenteron roof. This anterior expression pattern resembles that of ndk in planarians, suggesting that the expression of FGFRL1/ndk is conserved in evolution between these two distantly diverged organisms. During the tail bud stages, XFGFRL1/Xndk expression was detected in multiple regions, including the forebrain, eyes, midbrain–hindbrain boundary, otic vesicles, visceral arches, and somites. In many of these regions, XFGFRL1/Xndk was coexpressed with XFGF8, indicating that XFGFRL1/Xndk is a member of the XFGF8 synexpression group, which includes sprouty, sef, and isthmin. Developmental Dynamics 230:700–707, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Tissue interaction mediated by neuregulin‐1 and ErbB receptors regulates epithelial morphogenesis of mouse embryonic submandibular gland
Authors: Miyazaki Yuji , Nakanishi Yasuo , Hieda Yohki 
Published: June 2004

AbstractDimerization and activation of ErbB receptors by their ligands play crucial roles in organogenesis. Epithelial morphogenesis of embryonic mouse submandibular gland (SMG) has been shown to depend on intraepithelial signaling mediated by the epidermal growth factor (EGF) family of molecules and the EGF receptor (ErbB1). Here, we report on the neuregulin (NRG) ‐1 protein and its receptors ErbB2 and ErbB3 in the developing SMG. The expression of these molecules was demonstrated by reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis. Immunofluorescence microscopy showed that the two ErbB receptors as well as ErbB1 were expressed mainly in the epithelium, whereas NRG‐1 was exclusively found in the mesenchyme. Epithelial morphogenesis was retarded by anti–NRG‐1 neutralizing antibody and promoted by recombinant NRG‐1 protein. We suggest that, in the developing SMG, both mesenchyme‐derived NRG molecules and epithelium‐derived EGF molecules regulate ErbB signaling in the epithelium to participate in tissue morphogenesis. Developmental Dynamics 230:591–596, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Functional conserved elements mediate intestinal‐type fatty acid binding protein (I‐FABP) expression in the gut epithelia of zebrafish larvae
Authors: Her Guor Mour , Yeh Yang‐Hui , Wu Jen‐Leih 
Published: June 2004

AbstractIntestinal‐type fatty acid binding protein (I‐FABP) plays an important role in the intracellular binding and trafficking of long chain fatty acids in the intestine. The aim of this study, therefore, was to elucidate the regulation and spatiotemporal expression of the I‐FABP gene during zebrafish larval development. We performed in vivo reporter‐gene analysis in zebrafish by using a transient and transgenic approach. Green fluorescent protein–reporter analyses revealed that the proximal 192‐bp region of the I‐FABP promoter is sufficient to direct intestine‐specific expression during zebrafish larval development. Functional dissection of a 41‐bp region within this 192‐bp promoter revealed that one C/EBP and two GATA‐like binding sites, along with a novel 15‐bp element within it are required for I‐FABP gene expression in vivo. In addition, the six consensus sites (CCACATCAGCATGAA) in the 15‐bp element are critical for I‐FABP gene regulation in the zebrafish gut epithelia. Comparison analyses of the orthologous 15‐bp element from mammalian I‐FABP genes suggests that these mammalian elements are functionally equivalent to the zebrafish 15 element. These results provide the first in vivo evidence that these binding sites (C/EBP and GATA) and the novel 15‐bp element contribute to intestine‐specific gene expression and that they are functionally conserved across vertebrate evolution. Developmental Dynamics 230:734–742, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
T‐box genes in the ascidian Ciona intestinalis: Characterization of cDNAs and spatial expression
Authors: Takatori Naohito , Hotta Kohji , Mochizuki Yasuaki , Satoh Gouki , Mitani Yasuo , Satoh Nori , Satou Yutaka , Takahashi Hiroki 
Published: June 2004

AbstractMembers of the T‐box family of transcription factors share an evolutionarily conserved DNA‐binding domain and play significant roles in various processes of embryonic development. Vertebrate T‐box genes are categorized into the following five major subfamilies (eight groups), depending on sequence similarities: Brachyury, Tbx1 (Tbx1/10, Tbx15/18/22, Tbx20), Tbx2/3/4/5 (Tbx2/3 and Tbx4/5), Tbx6, and Tbr/Eomes/TBX21. Ascidians are primitive chordates, and their tadpole larva are considered to represent the simplified and basic body plan of vertebrates. In addition, it has been revealed that the ascidian genome contains the basic ancestral complement of genes involved in development. The present characterization of cDNAs and survey of the Ciona intestinalis draft genome demonstrated that the Ciona genome contains a single copy gene for each of the Brachyury, Tbx1/10, Tbx15/18/22, Tbx20, Tbx2/3, and Tbr/Eomes/TBX21 groups, and at least three copies of the Tbx6 subfamily. Each of the Ciona T‐box genes shows a characteristic expression pattern, although that of Tbx20 was not determined in the present study. These results provide basic information that will be useful for future studies of the function of each gene, genetic cascades of different T‐box genes, and genome‐wide surveys of evolutionary changes in the T‐box gene structure and organization in this primitive chordate. Developmental Dynamics 230:743–753, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Neurotrophin‐3 and TrkC are expressed in the outflow tract of the developing chicken heart
Authors: Bernd Paulette , Miles Kathryn , Rozenberg Inna , Borghjid Saihan , Kirby Margaret L. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractTranscripts encoding trkC and full‐length (catalytic) TrkC receptors were detected in the outflow tract of the chicken heart during early development (stage 17; embryonic day [E] 2.5) before the start of septation. Expression of trkC mRNA persisted through early septation (stage 25, E4.5–E5) but was no longer evident by the end of septation (stage 34, E8). Neurotrophin‐3 (NT‐3) mRNA was also shown to be present in the outflow tract throughout cardiac development. Quail–chick chimeras were used to confirm that cardiac neural crest cells were not present in the outflow tract at stage 17 (E2.5). Our results show that NT‐3 interacts with cells in the outflow tract that are not of neural crest origin. This finding indicates that, in addition to effects on neural crest cells, NT‐3 may be important for cardiac development due to its interaction with cells in the outflow tract such as those arising from the secondary heart field. Developmental Dynamics 230:767–772, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cell contact‐dependent mechanisms specify taste bud pattern during a critical period early in embryonic development
Authors: Parker Mark A. , Bell Melanie L. , Barlow Linda A. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractAfter gastrulation, the pharyngeal endoderm is specified to give rise to taste receptor organs without further signaling from other embryonic tissues. We hypothesized that intercellular signaling might be responsible for the specification of taste buds. To test if and when this signaling was occurring, intercellular contacts were transiently disrupted in cultures of pharyngeal endoderm from axolotl embryos, and the number, size, and distribution of taste buds analyzed. Disruption of cell contacts at progressive time points, from neurula to late tail bud stages, revealed a critical period, during mid–tail bud stages, when disruption of cell contacts resulted in a significant increase in taste bud number and size. The spatial distribution of taste buds was also altered; taste buds were more clustered in explants disrupted during the critical period. These effects were not due to general alterations in mitosis and apoptosis. Rather, at least three aspects of taste bud patterning, i.e., number, size, and distribution, are governed by mechanisms dependent on normal cell contacts during a concise time window. Furthermore, our findings are consistent with specification of taste buds by means of lateral inhibitory signaling, which we hypothesize results from cell contact‐dependent or short‐range diffusible signals. Developmental Dynamics 230:630–642, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Treatment of neonatal mice with Flt3 ligand leads to changes in dendritic cell subpopulations associated with enhanced IL‐12 and IFN‐α production
Authors: Vollstedt Sabine , O'Keeffe Meredith , Odermatt Bernhard , Beat Ryf , Glanzmann Bettina , Riesen Matthias , Shortman Ken , Suter Mark 
Published: June 2004

AbstractTreatment with the hematopoietic growth factor Flt3 ligand (FL) increases DC numbers in neonatal mice and enhances their resistance against intracellular pathogens. Flow cytometric analysis showed the presence of conventional DC (cDC) and plasmacytoid pre‐DC (pDC) in neonatal spleens from untreated and FL‐treated mice. CD8α and MHC class II expression on cDC and pDC was higher on DC from FL‐treated mice than on DC from control littermates. After FL treatment, two additional subpopulations of DC‐lineage cells were found that were able to produce IL‐12 and IFN‐α. The IL‐12 production of cDC from FL‐treated animals was more than 50‐fold increased and their ability to stimulate T cell proliferation was also increased. We conclude that the enhanced resistance against intracellular pathogens was due to increased numbers of DC‐lineage cells and their increased ability to produce the essential cytokines.
Recognition of Mycoplasma hyorhinis by CD99‐Fc molecule
Authors: Gazit Roi , Rechnitzer Hagai , Achdout Hagit , Katzenell Avigail , Katz Gil , Markel Gal , Arnon Tal I. , Gonen‐Gross Tsufit , Mizrahi Sa'ar , Gruda Raizy , Rottem Shlomo , Mandelboim Ofer 
Published: June 2004

AbstractThe human CD99 protein is expressed on many cell types and is mostly abundant on lymphocytes and on several tumors. Different functions were attributed to the CD99 receptor, including adhesion, apoptosis and activation. However, until now the only ligand suggested to be recognized by CD99 was CD99 itself. In order to identify possible new CD99 ligands we constructed a CD99 protein fused to human IgG1. Surprisingly, a pronounced specific staining of melanoma cell lines that were infected with mycoplasmas was observed whereas clean cells were not recognized. Staining was specific, asother fusion proteins did not recognize the mycoplasma‐infected cells. Sequencing of the 23s–16s region revealed that the contaminating agent is Mycoplasma hyorhinis. The CD99 interaction with M. hyorhinis was direct since it was blocked by anti‐CD99 monoclonal antibody and by M. hyorhinis. It was also strain‐specific as other mycoplasmas were not recognized. Our results show that CD99 interacts with a novel ligand of M. hyorhinis.
Active immunotherapy of tumors with a recombinant xenogeneic endoglin as a model antigen
Authors: Tan Guang‐Hong , Wei Yu‐Quan , Tian Ling , Zhao Xia , Yang Li , Li Jiong , He Qiu‐Ming , Wu Yang , Wen Yan‐Jun , Yi Tao , Ding Zhen‐Yu , Kan Bin , Mao Yong‐Qiu , Deng Hong‐Xin , Li Hong‐Li , Zhou Chun‐Hua , Fu Chun‐Hua , Xiao Fei , Zhang Xiao‐Wei 
Published: June 2004

AbstractAngiogenesis play a critical role in tumor growth and metastasis. Increasing evidence suggests that endoglin is a powerful marker of angiogenesis in solid malignancies. Thus, breaking of immune tolerance of self‐endoglin‐associated angiogenesis is an attractive approach to cancer therapy. To test this concept, we recombined the extracellular domains of porcine endoglin, and used it as a xenogeneic vaccine. We found that immunotherapy with porcine endoglin was effective at both protective and therapeutic anti‐tumor immunity in several mouse tumor models. Autoantibodies against mouseendoglin were identified by Western blot and ELISA. IgG1 and IgG2b were substantially increased. Anti‐endoglin antibody‐producing B cells were detectable by ELISPOT assay. There was endothelial deposition of immunoglobulins within tumors. The anti‐tumor activity was also induced by the adoptive transfer of the purified immunoglobulins. Angiogenesis was apparently inhibited within the tumor tissues and on the alginate beads. The increased apoptotic cells were found within the tumor tissues from the mice treated with porcine endoglin. The anti‐tumor activity and production of autoantibodies againstmouse endoglin could be abrogated by depletion of CD4+ T lymphocytes. Remarkably, no marked toxicity was found in the immunized mice. These observations may provide an alternative rationalstrategy for active cancer immunotherapy.
Dissimilar background genes control susceptibility to autoimmune disease in the context of different MHC haplotypes: NOD.H‐2s congenic mice are relatively resistant to both experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and type I diabetes
Authors: Greve Bernhard , Reddy Jayagopala , Waldner Hans‐Peter , Sobel Raymond A. , Kuchroo Vijay K. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractNonobese diabetic (NOD) mice develop multi‐organ autoimmune diseases, including type 1 diabetes. We hypothesized that backcrossing the MHC region from SJL (H‐2s) mice, which have an endogenous PLP139–151‐reactive repertoire, onto the background of autoimmune‐prone NOD mice would result in a mouse strain that is highly susceptible to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Unexpectedly, although we detected an endogenous PLP139–151 repertoire in the NOD.S mice, they did not develop spontaneous EAE and were relatively resistant to PLP139–151‐induced EAE when compared to SJL mice. This resistance was associated with lower production of proinflammatory cytokines and a decreased expansion of PLP139–151‐specific CD4+ T cells after immunization and restimulation with PLP peptide in vitro. Vβ chain usage among PLP139–151‐reactive T cells differed between SJL and NOD.S mice. Furthermore, NOD.S mice were resistant to the development of insulitis and cyclophosphamide‐induced diabetes, but not sialadenitis. Altogether, even though NOD mice develop spontaneous autoimmune diseases, they become relatively resistant to induction of EAE even when they express the EAE‐permissive class II molecule I‐As. Our data show that certain combinations of otherwise susceptibility‐conferring MHC and non‐MHC genes can mediate autoimmune‐disease resistance when they are paired together. These findings do not support the "shared autoimmune gene" hypothesis.
Oxidation kinetics in olive oil triacylglycerols under accelerated shelf‐life testing (25–75 °C)
Authors: Gómez‐Alonso Sergio , Mancebo‐Campos Vanessa , Desamparados Salvador Ma , Fregapane Giuseppe 
Published: June 2004

AbstractA kinetic study of the autoxidation reaction in olive oil triacylglycerols stored in darkness at different temperatures (25, 40, 50, 60 and 75 °C), in absence of pro‐ and antioxidant compounds to avoid confounding effects, is described. After the induction period (IP) the decrease in the oxidizing substrate and the formation of primary oxidation products followed a pseudo‐zero‐order kinetic, and the calculated Ea from the Arrhenius equation for the formation of hydroperoxides was 32.1 kJ·mol−1. The formation of secondary oxidation products followed a pseudo‐first‐order kinetic whose rate reaction constant also increased exponentially with temperature. The first oxidation index to exceed the upper limit in the EU regulations was PV, followed by K232 and K270. The time required reaching these limits and the rancidity threshold showed a potential dependence on temperature, and therefore with accelerated storage at 75 °C, POO shelf‐life in ambient conditions (25 °C) can be predicted. Finally, there was a good linear relationship between the time required to reach the rancidity threshold and the IP of the formation of the 2,4‐decadienal, and hence this instrumental determination could be useful to measure sensory recognition of the rancid defect in POO.