bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sarcoidosis With Gingival Involvement: A Case Report
Authors: Armstrong Conor , Napier Seamus , Linden Gerard J. 
Published: February 2005

Background: The case outlined is a rare presentation of sarcoidosis intraorally associated with gingival ulceration.Methods: The diagnosis was made following a gingival biopsy.Results: The patient was subsequently referred to a physician for clinical management and the condition resolved without active treatment.Conclusions: Sarcoidosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of persistent swellings and ulceration of the oral mucosa. Intraoral sarcoid lesions are often the first indication of systemic involvement. It is important to make the diagnosis and monitor the condition as sarcoidosis is progressive if untreated in a small number of those affected. J Periodontol 2004;75:608‐612.
Alveolar Bone Regeneration for Immediate Implant Placement Using an Injectable Bone Substitute: An Experimental Study in Dogs
Authors: Boix Damien , Gauthier Olivier , Guicheux Jérôme , Pilet Paul , Weiss Pierre , Grimandi Gaël , Daculsi Guy 
Published: February 2005

Background: The aim of the present study was to assess the efficacy of a ready‐to‐use injectable bone substitute for bone regeneration around dental implants placed into fresh extraction sockets.Methods: Third and fourth mandibular premolars were extracted from three beagle dogs and the interradicular septa were surgically reduced to induce a mesial bone defect. Thereafter, titanium implants were immediately placed. On the left side of the jaw, mesial bone defects were filled with an injectable bone substitute (IBS), obtained by combining a polymer and biphasic calcium phosphate ceramic granules. The right defects were left unfilled as controls. After 3 months of healing, specimens were prepared for histological and histomorphometric evaluations.Results: No post‐surgical complications were observed during the healing period. In all experimental conditions, histological observations revealed a lamellar bone formation in contact with the implant. Histomorphometric analysis showed that IBS triggers a significant (P <0.05) increase in terms of the number of threads in contact with bone, bone‐to‐implant contact, and peri‐implant bone density of approximately 8.6%, 11.0%, and 14.7%, respectively. In addition, no significant difference was observed when number of threads, bone‐to‐implant contact, and bone density in the filled defects were compared to the no‐defect sites.Conclusion: It is concluded that an injectable bone substitute composed of a polymeric carrier and calcium phosphate significantly increases bone regeneration around immediately placed implants. J Periodontol 2004;75:663‐671.
The Effect of Aspirin Intake on Bleeding on Probing in Patients With Gingivitis
Authors: Royzman Daniel , Recio Luisa , Badovinac Rachel L. , Fiorellini Joseph , Goodson Max , Howell Howard , Karimbux Nadeem 
Published: February 2005

Background: Bleeding indices are used as a screen for periodontal disease activity, a measure of disease prevalence, and a measure of effectiveness in clinical trials. Bleeding on probing (BOP) is widely interpreted as a sign of disease activity whereas its absence is interpreted as both a sign and predictor of health. Aspirin use has become increasingly common in the prevention of cerebrovascular and cardiovascular diseases. Because of its anti‐platelet activity, aspirin is a non‐disease factor that has the potential to affect the appearance of BOP. The hypothesis being tested is that short‐term aspirin use in doses of 81 mg and 325 mg will increase the number of bleeding sites in a population with gingivitis.Methods: Fifty‐four subjects were screened initially, those subjects with 20% to 30% whole mouth BOP were randomly assigned to one of three arms: placebo group, 81 mg aspirin group, or 325 mg aspirin group. Before and after exposure to the respective regimens, clinical parameters were measured on all the teeth: the plaque index was recorded at four sites per tooth, and probing depth and BOP were evaluated at six sites per tooth using an automated pressure‐sensitive probe.Results: The data obtained in this clinical trial were analyzed utilizing a linear regression analysis to control for confounding variables. The primary measure of interest was BOP in patients clinically demonstrating naturally occurring gingivitis. The results of this study indicate that while controlling for age, gender, and plaque, “low dose” 81 mg and “regular dose” 325 mg of aspirin demonstrated a statistically significant 5.30 (P = 0.001) and 4.13 (P = 0.010) increase from baseline, respectively, in percent BOP.Conclusion: Failure to consider the effects of aspirin on BOP could impair proper diagnosis and treatment planning for clinicians and introduce a significant confounding variable in research situations. J Periodontol 2004;75:679‐684.
Clinical Evaluation of a Composite Bone Graft With a Calcium Sulfate Barrier
Authors: Harris Randall J. 
Published: February 2005

Background: The goal of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a composite bone graft (demineralized freeze‐dried bone allograft, calcium sulfate, tetracycline, and porous hydroxyapatite) and calcium sulfate barrier to treat non‐furcation osseous defects.Methods: One hundred patients were treated with the technique. The preoperative measurements were compared to the postoperative measurements (mean 5.2 months) to determine whether the technique had a statistically significant effect. Various factors were evaluated to determine whether they could be related to improved or diminished results.Results: The surgical procedure produced a statistically significant change in the clinical measurements. The mean recession increased from 0.8 to 1.8 mm; the mean probing depth decreased from 8.5 to 3.8 mm; and the attachment level improved from 9.3 to 5.5 mm. Non‐smokers, defects in the mandibular arch, defects with deeper probing depths, or defects with greater attachment loss had statistically significant changes in one or more of the clinical parameters evaluated.Conclusion: The technique examined in this study (composite bone graft + calcium sulfate barrier) was an effective method to improve the clinical measurements. J Periodontol 2004;75:685‐692.
Role of Ascorbic Acid in Periodontal Ligament Cell Differentiation
Authors: Ishikawa Satoshi , Iwasaki Kengo , Komaki Motohiro , Ishikawa Isao 
Published: February 2005

Background: Periodontal ligament (PDL) cells form mineralized nodules in vitro. Ascorbic acid is known to be required in this process, although its effect on osteoblastic differentiation of PDL cells remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of ascorbic acid on the early osteoblastic differentiation of PDL cells, with regard to alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, type I collagen production and integrin expression.Methods: Cultured PDL cells were stimulated at confluence with ascorbic acid in the presence or absence of type I collagen inhibitor and blocking antibodies to integrins. After stimulation, the cells and culture supernatants were examined for ALP activity, type I collagen production, and integrin expression. The ALP activity was measured using a colorimetric assay with p‐nitrophenyl phosphate and ALP staining. Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to determine type I collagen production, and ELISA and flow cytometric analysis were employed for assessment of integrin expression.Results: Both ALP activity and type I collagen production were upregulated when PDL cells were cultured in the presence of ascorbic acid (200 µM). Inhibitor of the formation of collagen triple helices and blocking antibodies to α2β1 integrin inhibited ALP activity by 50% in ascorbic acid‐stimulated PDL cells. Furthermore, ascorbic acid increased the cell surface expression of α2β1 integrin.Conclusions: Our findings indicated that ascorbic acid increases the ALP activity of PDL cells via type I collagen production and also enhances the expression of α2β1 integrin, which is a major receptor of type I collagen. These results suggest that ascorbic acid promotes the osteoblastic differentiation of PDL cells by modulating type I collagen‐α2β1 integrin interaction. J Periodontol 2004;75:709‐716.
Traumatic Lesions of the Gingiva: A Case Series
Authors: Rawal Swati Y. , Claman Lewis J. , Kalmar John R. , Tatakis Dimitris N. 
Published: February 2005

Background: The most recent classification of periodontal diseases includes a new section on traumatic gingival lesions. Traumatic lesions of the gingiva are thought to be highly prevalent, yet the periodontal literature contains few references on the topic. The purpose of this article is to present a broad spectrum of traumatic gingival lesions of iatrogenic, accidental, and factitious origin.Methods: Twelve clinical cases were selected to document chemical (due to aspirin, snuff, and peroxide), physical (due to malocclusion, flossing, removable partial denture, oral piercing, and self‐inflicted trauma), and thermal (due to overheated ultrasonic scaler, hot food, and ice) injury to the gingiva.Results: Chemical, physical, and thermal gingival injuries of iatrogenic, accidental, or factitious origin can have a variety of presentations with overlapping clinical features. Although the appearance and associated symptoms of a gingival lesion may be suggestive of a particular traumatic etiology, useful or confirmatory diagnostic information is often discovered through careful history‐taking. The management of gingival injuries typically requires elimination of the insult and symptomatic therapy. If permanent gingival defects resulted from the injury, periodontal plastic surgery may be necessary.Conclusions: A variety of chemical, physical, and thermal injuries may involve the gingiva. Accidental and iatrogenic injuries are often acute and self‐limiting, while factitious injuries tend to be more chronic in nature. J Periodontol 2004;75:762‐769.
Hereditary Gingival Fibromatosis Associated With Generalized Aggressive Periodontitis: A Case Report
Authors: Casavecchia Piero , Uzel M. Ilhan , Kantarci Alpdogan , Hasturk Hatice , Dibart Serge , Hart Thomas C. , Trackman Philip C. , Van Dyke Thomas E. 
Published: February 2005

Background: Hereditary gingival fibromatosis is a rare, genetically inherited overgrowth condition that is clinically characterized by a benign fibrous enlargement of maxillary and mandibular keratinized gingiva. A syndromic association between gingival fibromatosis and a wide variety of other genetically inherited disorders has been described. However, its coexistence with aggressive periodontitis has not been reported.Methods: A 24‐year‐old African‐American female, patient (proband X, [Px]) reported with a chief complaint of tooth mobility and gingival enlargement. Clinical examination revealed moderate to severe gingival overgrowth on both mandible and maxilla. Generalized attachment loss and mobility of the teeth were observed. Radiographic evaluation demonstrated severe alveolar bone loss. The patient was diagnosed with gingival fibromatosis and aggressive periodontitis based on the clinical and radiographic findings. Her brother (Bx) and her mother (Mx) were evaluated and diagnosed with gingival fibromatosis suggesting that this is a dominant trait in the family and gingival fibromatosis might be of hereditary origin. In addition, the brother also exhibited localized aggressive periodontitis. Medical history revealed no other systemic or local contributory factors associated with the oral findings in any of the subjects.Results: Surgical therapy included internal bevel gingivectomy combined with open flap debridement procedures for Px and Bx. Only internal bevel gingivectomy was performed for Mx since there was mild bone resorption and no intrabony defects. At the time of surgery, gingival biopsies were obtained and fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde. Multiple serial sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Microscopic evaluation of the gingival specimens revealed large parallel collagen bundles associated with scarce fibroblasts in the connective tissue. The collagen bundles reached into the subepithelial connective tissue where elongated rete‐pegs were also observed. Following the completion completion of the treatment, no signs of recurrence or bone resorption were observed over 2‐year follow‐up.Conclusions: This is the first report of hereditary gingival fibromatosis associated with aggressive periodontitis. Combined treatment comprising removal of fibrotic gingival tissue and traditional flap surgery for the elimination of intrabony defects represents a unique treatment approach in periodontal therapy. Two‐year follow‐up revealed that both the gingival overgrowth and the destructive lesions were successfully treated. J Periodontol 2004;75:770‐778.
Relationship Between Electrocardiographic Abnormalities and Periodontal Disease: The Hisayama Study
Authors: Shimazaki Yoshihiro , Saito Toshiyuki , Kiyohara Yutaka , Kato Isao , Kubo Michiaki , Iida Mitsuo , Koga Toshihiko 
Published: February 2005

Background: Recent studies have suggested a relationship between periodontitis and cardiovascular disease (CVD). This study investigated the relationship between periodontitis and electrocardiographic (ECG) abnormalities, which are known predictors of CVD.Methods: We examined the periodontal status of 1,111 residents of Hisayama Town, Fukuoka, Japan. Nine hundred fifty‐seven (957) subjects (374 males, 583 females) with ≥10 teeth and without a medical history of CVD were included in the analysis. Probing depth (PD) and clinical attachment level (CAL) were measured on two randomly selected quadrants, one maxillary and one mandibular. A 12‐lead ECG was recorded using a standard electrocardiograph. ECG abnormalities included left ventricular hypertrophy (Minnesota code 3‐1) and ST depression (4‐1, 2, 3). The relation of periodontal condition and ECG abnormalities was assessed with logistic regression analysis.Results: Univariate analysis revealed that mean probing depth, mean attachment loss, number of teeth, and plaque index were significantly associated with ECG abnormalities, as well as with known risk factors of CVD. In multivariate analysis, the subjects with deep pockets (mean probing depth ≥2 mm) had an increased risk for ECG abnormalities (odds ratio [OR] = 1.6; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.01 to 2.50) compared to the subjects with mean PD <2 mm. Subjects with severe attachment loss (mean CAL ≥2.5 mm) had also significant risk for ECG abnormalities (OR = 1.7; 95% CI = 1.07 to 2.67) compared to those whose mean CAL was <2.5 mm.Conclusion: This study clearly shows the relationship between periodontitis and ECG abnormalities, which are important predictors of CVD. J Periodontol 2004;75:791‐797.
The Association of Smoking With Vertical Periodontal Bone Loss
Authors: Baljoon Mostafa , Natto Suzan , Bergstrom Jan 
Published: February 2005

Background: Knowledge about the relation between smoking and vertical periodontal bone loss is scant. The objective of the present study was to investigate the association between smoking and the prevalence and severity of vertical bone defects.Methods: Full sets of intraoral radiographs of 249 individuals in 1982 and 229 individuals in 1992 both with an age range 21 to 70 years were assessed with regard to presence or absence of vertical bone defects. A vertical defect was defined as a resorption of the interdental marginal bone ≥2 mm that had a typical angulation towards either the mesial or distal aspect of the root.Results: The prevalence of vertical defects in 1982 was 47% for current smokers, 49% for former smokers, and 24% for nonsmokers. In 1992 the prevalence was 42%, 28%, and 19% for current smokers, former smokers, and non‐smokers, respectively. Both in 1982 and 1992 the prevalence was significantly related to smoking status (χ2 = 14.4 and χ2 = 9.9, P <0.01). Furthermore, the severity of vertical defects was significantly associated with smoking after controlling for age both in 1982 and 1992 (P <0.05). The relative risk associated with current smoking was 2.0‐fold increased in 1982 and 3.4‐fold increased in 1992 (P <0.05).Conclusions: The observations suggest that smoking is associated with increased levels of prevalence as well as severity of vertical bone loss. Smoking is considered a potential risk factor for vertical periodontal bone loss. J Periodontol 2004;75:844‐851.
Relative Connective Tissue Graft Size Affects Root Coverage Treatment Outcome in the Envelope Procedure
Authors: Yotnuengnit Pusadee , Promsudthi Ananya , Teparat Thitiwan , Laohapand Penpan , Yuwaprecha Wipasara 
Published: February 2005

Background: This study investigated the correlation between the connective tissue graft size and the percentage of root coverage.Methods: Fifteen patients with Miller Class I or II recession defects (one tooth/defect per patient) were treated using an envelope connective tissue graft procedure. Clinical parameters including gingival recession depth (RD), clinical attachment level (CAL), keratinized tissue width (KW), and the probing depth (PD) were measured. Visible denuded area (VDA) and graft tissue area (GTA) were indirectly measured in mm2 using computer software. Graft tissue thickness (GTT) and graft tissue width (GTW) were also measured. All clinical parameters and VDA were recorded at baseline and 3 and 6 months. The RD, CAL, KW, PD, and VDA were evaluated by Friedman test. The correlation between the percentage of root coverage (PRC) and factors related to graft size were determined by Spearman rank correlation and nonparametric regression analysis.Results: The percent of root coverage at 3 and 6 months postoperatively was statistically significantly associated with the GTA:VDA ratio (P <0.01); it did not correlate with GTA, GTT, or RD, and was inconsistently correlated to GTW and VDA. In patients who had 100% root coverage, the GTA:VDA ratio ranged between 10.92:1 and 21.95:1; in patients with <100% root coverage, the ratio was between 4.54:1 and 11.06:1.Conclusion: The GTA:VDA ratio should be at least 11:1, which is a significant factor for optimal root coverage result in the envelope procedure. J Periodontol 2004;75:886‐892.
Medical Grade Calcium Sulfate Hemihydrate in Healing of Human Extraction Sockets: Clinical and Histological Observations at 3 Months
Authors: Guarnieri Renzo , Pecora Gabriele , Fini Milena , Aldini Nicolo′ Nicoli , Giardino Roberto , Orsini Giovanna , Piattelli Adriano 
Published: February 2005

Background: Following tooth extraction, remodeling and resorption of the alveolar bone at the extraction site characterize wound healing. This produces a reduction in ridge volume and difficulties in delayed placement of implants in an ideal position. Medical grade calcium sulfate hemihydrate (MGCSH) has been proposed as a graft material in extraction sockets to minimize the reduction in ridge volume. The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of MGCSH on the histopathologic pattern of intrasocket regenerated bone and to evaluate histologically the healed MGCSH grafted extraction socket site 3 months postextractionMethods: MGCSH was grafted in 10 fresh human extraction sockets in 10 patients. Five post‐extraction sockets were used as controls. At 3 months a cylindrical tissue specimen, 2.5 mm in diameter, was trephined from the previously grafted site followed by implant placement. Non‐decalcified specimens were sectioned at a cross‐horizontal plane and stained with fast green, toluidine blue, and Van Kossa stains for histological and histomorphometrical examination.Results: Histologically, MGCSH was not observed in most of the specimens. Newly formed bone with lamellar arrangements was identified in all the horizontal sections with no difference between apical, medium, and coronal areas. The mean trabecular area in the coronal sections was 58.6% ± 9.2%; in the medium sections, 58.1% ± 6.2%; and in the apical sections, 58.3% ± 7.8%. The differences were not statistically significant.Conclusion: MGCSH seems to be an ideal graft material in extraction socket bone regeneration because it is almost completely resorbable, and it allows a new trabecular bone arrangement at 3 months. J Periodontol 2004;75:902‐908.
Implant Therapy Following Liver Transplantation: Clinical and Microbiological Results After 10 Years
Authors: Heckmann Siegfried Martin , Heckmann Josef Georg , Linke Jens Julian , Hohenberger Werner , Mombelli Andrea 
Published: February 2005

Background: The number of immunocompromised patients is increasing as a consequence of successful organ transplantation. Placing dental implants in these patients has been questioned because of their increased risk for infections. The 10‐year follow‐up data of a 71‐year‐old liver transplant recipient with long‐term immunosuppressive therapy is reported. Six months after liver transplantation, two interforaminal implants were inserted in the edentulous mandible, and an overdenture using non‐rigid telescopic attachments was fabricated 3 months later.Methods: Oral clinical parameters included the modified plaque index, sulcus fluid flow rate, modified bleeding index, probing depth, distance implant mucosa, attachment level, width of the keratinized mucosa and mobility values. The distance implant bone (DIB) was determined on digital panoramic radiographs. The levels of eight periodontal marker organisms were established using DNA probe technology. Additionally, swabs of the edentulous oral mucosa were taken for microbiological culture and antimicrobial resistance testing.Results:The peri‐implant parameters were within normal ranges indicating a stable osseointegration with moderate vertical bone loss. Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Tannerella forsythensis, Campylobacter rectus, and Treponema denticola were not detected. Low levels of levels of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Fusobacterium Porphyromonas gingivalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Eikenella corrodens were found. Prevotella intermedia was the only bacterium with a level higher than 104. The mucosal swabs indicated the presence of an abundant normal oral flora, including Escherichia coli and Candida albicans. The antibiogram revealed multiple resistance to antibiotics.Conclusion: This case report suggests that immunocompromised patients can be successfully rehabilitated with dental implants. J Periodontol 2004;75:909‐913.