bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Matter
Authors: Moevs Christian 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThis chapter argues that matter, for Dante, can have no ontological ground or source other than Intellect-Being. Dante's world is not made of fundamental building blocks, rather all sensible reality is a contingent (but otherwise absolutely “real”) projection of self-subsistent Being, identified with pure Intellect or Awareness (which is not a thing). In rough terms this means, for example, that ontologically the brain depends upon consciousness, and not vice versa. It also implies that there is a way to travel in the physical world, and even beyond it, that leaves aside the laws of physics and material bodies. It is the route the pilgrim exploits, or rather the route that happens to the pilgrim: to identify more and more perfectly with the dimensionless conscious reality to which all spatiotemporal experience is immediately present, as in an extensionless point. To locate oneself in space and time is to locate oneself in conscious being, which is, as one who reaches the Primo Mobile discovers, “where” they exist.
Sunrises and Sunsets
Authors: Moevs Christian 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThe first twelve verses of Paradiso 29 are set off from the textual narrative and mark the center of the pilgrim's sojourn in the Primo Mobile. At least by one way of counting, they mark its exact center: they are preceded by 187 lines (from Dante's arrival in the Primo Mobile at Paradiso 27.100), and followed by 187 lines (to the narrative end of Dante's ascent to the Empyrean, at Paradiso 30.54). If Dante structured this intentionally, it may not be a coincidence that the digits of 187 numerologically add up to seven, a number Dante conjures by evoking two and five just after the pilgrim's entry into the Primo Mobile. As seen in “Time” section of the preceding chapter, seven for Macrobius represents the Neoplatonic world soul, the nexus between the One and the Many, as for the patristic tradition it represents the Holy Spirit; seven also denotes the completion of the work of creation. Seven is the number of man, the bridge or knot (like the Primo Mobile itself) between Creator and creation, between the self-subsistent and the contingent, between intellect (a three) and matter (a four). It is argued that those opening four tercets, which make a seven bracketed by sevens, mark a turning point or bridge, perhaps parallel to the “pivot”of conversion between earthly cupidity and selfless love that Singleton traced — as another pivotal seven framed by sevens — at the center of the entire Comedy. There may also be a link to proud Niobe (Pg 12.37-39), standing between seven and seven children killed by Apollo (in an acrostic spelling uom [“man”]), after having scorned Apollo's mother Latona for having only two children (Apollo and Diana). It is shown that pride, the downfall of man, is not to know both Latona's children as oneself, not to know oneself as both Apollo and Diana.
Morality
Authors: Gert Bernard 
Published: April 2005

Abstract
This chapter distinguishes between morality — the informal public system that people use — usually implicitly, when making moral decisions and judgments, and a moral theory, which provides an explicit description, explanation, and justification of morality. It presents some examples of incorrect accounts of morality and moral theories, including an extended account of John Stuart Mill’s views, and then provides correct accounts of these. It also provides a preliminary account of excuses and of moral judgments.
Rationality and Irrationality
Authors: Gert Bernard 
Published: April 2005

Abstract
This chapter provides an account of rationality and irrationality as the fundamental normative concepts, with irrationality being the more basic. It provides accounts of irrational beliefs and desires, and shows that the irrationality of both of these is derived from the concept of an irrational action. It examines Hume’s account of irrational action and its successors, the maximum satisfaction of desires account, and the “cool moment view,” showing all to be inadequate.
Goods (Benefits) and Evils (Harms)
Authors: Gert Bernard 
Published: April 2005

Abstract
This chapter provides definitions of goods (benefits) and evils (harms), and presents lists of the basic goods and evils. It establishes the objectivity of the concepts of goods (benefits) and evils (harms) by showing how the concepts of reward, punishment, and malady require the use of these concepts. It argues that although there is universal agreement about what the basic goods and basic evils are, there is some rational disagreement on the rankings of these goods and evils.
Impartiality
Authors: Gert Bernard 
Published: April 2005

Abstract
This chapter provides a definition of impartiality, and shows that the most commonly accepted account confuses impartiality with consistency. It provides an account of the kind of impartiality required by morality by discussing the respect in which morality requires impartiality and the group with regard to which morality requires impartiality in this respect. It shows that rational persons can disagree about the scope of moral impartiality, that is, about the group with regard to which morality requires impartiality.
Graham Greene's Catholic Imagination
Authors: Bosco Mark 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThis book focuses on the importance of Catholicism in Graham Greene’s life and writings. In his 67 years of writing, Catholicism was always the thread that bound his literary preoccupations into a recognizable pattern. The chapters in this volume explore the development of Greene’s Catholic imagination by situating him in the two historical and theological milieus that dominate 20th century Catholicism: the Catholic revival in the first half of the century, and the Vatican II and post-Vatican II concerns that found new expression in his later novels.
Catholicism
Authors: Bosco Mark 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThis chapter argues that Catholicism is more textured and complicated than the usual schematic framework expounded in studies on Graham Greene and the Catholic novel. It carries out two separate but related investigations: a summary assessment and critique of the “Catholic” genre in 20th century literature and Greene’s place in this literary heritage; and an appraisal of Green’s own Catholicism as expressed in interviews, essays, and biographical details. The first part of the investigation will expand the historically conservative context that presently defines the Catholic novel. The second part demonstrates Greene’s ongoing dialogue with, and immersion in the theological development of Catholicism throughout his life.
THE STATE OF THE CLERGY
Authors: HEAL FELICITY 
Published: April 2005

Abstract
This continues the study of the pre-Reformation Church, focusing on the ordinary clergy, first the regulars and then the seculars. It highlights the relative strength of English monasticism, but stresses particularly the importance of the friars and the observant movement. Parish clergy are compared across the British Isles and the relationship between wealth and proper performance of duties is debated.
COMMUNITIES AND BELIEFS
Authors: HEAL FELICITY 
Published: April 2005

Abstract
The concluding chapter of the 1st part discusses communities and beliefs: lay religious behaviour and devotion before the Reformation, the nature of the parish, the sacramental life of the community, images, and pilgrimage. Its final section evaluates popular dissent and Lollardy. The problems of Scottish and Irish evidence are discussed. The strength of traditional English religious behaviour and belief is emphasized.
THE WORD DISSEMINATED
Authors: HEAL FELICITY 
Published: April 2005

Abstract
The first of two chapters that depart from the chronological framework of the text to discuss text and doctrine. This considers Protestant evangelism, the dissemination of scriptural knowledge, preaching, catechizing, and new forms of worship. It pays particular attention to the Protestant determination to replace images with words and to replace scriptural translation into the vernaculars of the British Isles.
CUIUS REGIO, EIUS RELIGIO?THE CHURCHES, POLITICS, AND RELIGIOUS IDENTITIES, 1558–1600
Authors: HEAL FELICITY 
Published: April 2005

Abstract
This discusses the political history of the religious settlements between 1558 and the end of the century. It contrasts England and Scotland, roughly characterized by having reformation from above and from below, but also emphasizes shared concerns and attitudes. The problems of reform in Ireland are treated separately: here the danger of assuming inevitable failure for Protestantism is stressed.
REFORMING PEOPLE AND COMMUNITY: CHURCH, CLERGY, AND LAITY, 1558–1600
Authors: HEAL FELICITY 
Published: April 2005

Abstract
Finally, the experience of the people of the British Isles in the half-century after the political reformations is considered. The parish ministry in Scotland and England is compared, as is the use of churches, the nature of the liturgy and the practice of discipline. The text concludes with an attempt to understand what sort of Protestants emerged from the crises of the century.
Justice Beyond Borders
Authors: Caney Simon 
Published: April 2005

AbstractExamines which political principles should govern global politics. It explores ethical issues in justice that arise at the global level and addresses questions such as: are there universal values, and if so, what are they; what human rights, if any, are there; are there global principles of distributive justice; should there be a system of supra-state institutions; is national self-determination defensible; when, if ever, may political regimes wage war; and is humanitarian intervention justified?The book outlines and defends an egalitarian liberal brand of cosmopolitanism to address these questions, maintaining that there are universal principles, arguing that these include universal civil and political human rights, and defending the application of global principles of distributive justice. On this basis, it makes a case for a system of supra-state political institutions to promote these universal principles of justice further. Having set out principles of ideal theory, the book then examines what principles should apply when injustices are committed. To do this it examines when political regimes may wage war and when they may engage in intervention, and thereby draws on cosmopolitan principles to derive and defend a cosmopolitan conception of just war and humanitarian intervention. In arriving at these conclusions, the book engages in a sustained analysis of the competing arguments on all the above issues, examining the arguments of nationalists, realists, and those who affirm the ideal of a society of states. To do this, the book explores and integrates the work of philosophers, political theorists, and international relations scholars, and illustrates its ethical argument and theoretical analysis with empirical examples. Furthermore, it argues that the issues examined in the book cannot be adequately treated in isolation from each other but must be treated as an interlinked whole.
Humanitarian Intervention
Authors: Caney Simon 
Published: April 2005

AbstractFocuses on the question of whether it is ever justified to intervene in the affairs of another political regime. To answer this question, the chapter begins, in Section I, with an analysis of what is meant by humanitarian intervention, and then goes on, in Section II, to outline a cosmopolitan argument for the right, and indeed duty, of humanitarian intervention. Sections III–VI then consider four counter-arguments for a norm of non-intervention presented by ‘society of states’ theorists, realists, and nationalists; these are that humanitarian intervention is illegitimate because it fails to respect the right to self-government, is presumptuous and arrogant, destroys international stability, and rarely succeeds. Sections VII–VIII argue that there is a moral case for intervention on humanitarian grounds, and analyse the conditions that must be satisfied before intervention is attempted (VII), as well as the principles that should guide the conduct of an intervention (VIII). Section IX examines whether international law should affirm a right to humanitarian intervention, and Section X summarizes and concludes, suggesting that overall, on cosmopolitan grounds, humanitarian intervention is defensible under certain conditions, but pointing out that it is a reactive policy, and that there is a strong case to be made for tackling and preventing problems rather than responding to them after they have arisen.
Conclusion
Authors: Caney Simon 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThe aims of this book have been to defend a cosmopolitan theory (both a specific cosmopolitan theory and also a cosmopolitan perspective more generally) and to analyse and evaluate competing political philosophies in relation to global justice and politics. This conclusion pulls the threads of the previous six chapters together and offers some more general reflections on different ways of thinking about ethical issues that arise at the global level. The chapter begins by highlighting some key features of the cosmopolitan vision that have emerged from the preceding chapters. It then seeks to locate where non-cosmopolitan political philosophies dissent from (challenge) the cosmopolitan vision.
The Resource‐based View: Aligning Strategy and Competitive Equilibrium
Authors: Foss Nicolai J. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractResource-based view of the firm (RBV) has emerged as the dominant approach to strategy-content theory. However, the RBV was developed in hurry by a few key contributors, while its nearly 20 years of existence is considered short in the social science context. It is argued that the RBV is underpinned by a patched-up version of the competitive equilibrium model, and that this introduced an explanatory straitjacket that the RBV appears to only now be breaking out of.
Graceful Reading
Authors: Davies Michael 
Published: April 2005

Abstract
Bunyan’s theology is not obsessed with a forbidding Calvinist doctrine of predestination. Rather, his is a comfortable doctrine, in which the believer is encouraged to accept salvation through the more accommodating terms of Bunyan’s covenant theology. Bunyan’s narrative style is informed by this doctrine, and his major works (with particular focus on Grace Abounding and The Pilgrim’s Progress) reveal a profound sensitivity to narrative and reading practices, with reading itself instrumental to spiritual instruction. The ‘graceful reading’ of the book’s title thus encompasses a Bunyan for whom grace rather than predestination is most important, as well as a Bunyan whose narrative style tests the reader by presenting narratives that must be read for something other than ‘story’ alone. As commentators tend to divorce the ‘literary’ aspects of Bunyan’s works from their Calvinism, this book suggests a more constructive way of reading his narrative and doctrinal writings, by integrating literary interpretation with their theology and by viewing them in the context of late seventeenth-century Nonconformist culture, as well as against the narrative strategies of postmodernist fiction.
A Comfortable Doctrine: John Bunyan's Theology of Grace
Authors: Davies Michael 
Published: April 2005

Abstract
Examines Bunyan’s soteriology as propounded in his doctrinal writings, concentrating on works in which Bunyan’s position on justification, election, antinomianism, and the role of human will in salvation are central. Bunyan’s salvatory emphasis lies less on the Calvinist doctrine of double predestination and more on salvation by grace and justification by faith, according to the Reformed tenets of his covenant theology. Bunyan’s purpose is to comfort rather than condemn anyone terrorized by the ‘law’ (i.e. by any attempt to achieve salvation by works). Two of Bunyan’s texts (A Mapp Shewing the Order and Causes of Salvation, and An Exposition on the Ten First Chapters of Genesis) are read ‘gracefully’: that is, with a revised understanding of Bunyan’s theology and as subversive of narrative expectations.
Bunyan's Exceeding Maze: Doctoring and Doctrine in Grace Abounding to the Chief of Sinners
Authors: Davies Michael 
Published: April 2005

Abstract
Assesses Bunyan’s presentation of religious experience in his spiritual autobiography, Grace Abounding to the Chief of Sinners, and addresses psychological, medical, and psychoanalytic interpretations of the text. Grace Abounding demonstrates the terrorizing strictures of the law, as well as freedom from them through grace, and many episodes in the account, often read as evidence of Bunyan’s psychological breakdown, are understood here as instructing the reader in covenant theology. Grace Abounding is not a text exemplifying Calvinist anxiety over predestination, as this conversion account warns against such introspection.
Of Things Seen and Unseen: Graceful Reading and Narrative Practice in Grace Abounding
Authors: Davies Michael 
Published: April 2005

Abstract
Grace Abounding teaches the reader about spiritual understanding and interpretation, beyond the rational comprehension of doctrine alone, by recounting how learning to read the Word for the Spirit rather than for the stories of Scripture was central to Bunyan’s conversion. Interpretation and spiritual understanding are also central to the text’s narrative construction and its presentation of spiritual experience, which demand a conversion of the reader’s perceptual habits. Using McHale’s terms, Grace Abounding foregrounds the ‘ontological’ (i.e., matters of being and believing) over the ‘epistemological’ (i.e., what is rationally knowable). The text’s narrative structure, use of metaphor, and its status as autobiography, are viewed in anti-narrative terms, frustrating any interest in the ‘story’ of Bunyan’s conversion, while encouraging the reader instead to contemplate ‘things unseen’.
Into an Allegory: Method, Metaphor, and the Apology of The Pilgrim's Progress
Authors: Davies Michael 
Published: April 2005

Abstract
It is in the verse preface to The Pilgrim’s Progress that Bunyan defends not only his use of ‘fable’ in the text but also his use of metaphor and allegory as vehicles for conveying spiritual ‘Truth’. Bunyan’s defence of figurative language is placed within the political context of Restoration debates about ‘plain style’, while Bunyan’s use of metaphor has a crucial cognitive (as opposed to a merely decorative) function in communicating the ‘reality’ of spiritual ‘Truth’.
Rural Labour Allocation
Authors: Knight John , Song Lina 
Published: April 2005

Abstract
This chapter examines how peasant households in China allocate their labour among migration, rural industry, and farming. It is shown that the average and marginal returns to rural labour differ greatly among activities, with returns in non-farm activities exceeding those of farming. Incentives to seek non-farm employment are powerful. These will increase if the inequalities between rural and urban China, or within rural China continue to grow.
Information, Social Networks, and the Labour Market
Authors: Knight John , Song Lina 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThis chapter examines the role of information and social network on the employment and pay of rural-urban migrants in the city of Handan, Hebei Province, China. It is shown that the general information about the urban labour market is not as important as information about specific jobs. Most migrants came to Handan without any general information about its labour market, while three-fourths received specific information about jobs. The source of such information was the migrant’s social network made up of family, relatives, friends, and fellow villagers.
Introduction
Authors: Hindmarsh D. Bruce 
Published: April 2005

Abstract
Beginning with a case study of the conversion narrative of the Methodist Sampson Staniforth, the introduction raises questions about how such subject matter is to be treated. Two sorts of context are provided for the chapters that follow: the first theoretical and the second historical. In the first instance, evangelical conversion narrative is situated within a multi-disciplinary discussion by clarifying five central concepts that figure largely in any analysis of a story such as Staniforth’s: autobiography, narrative, identity, conversion, and gospel (evangelical). Then, secondly, in the balance of the introduction, the stage is set for the rise of the genre in the early modern period through a survey of forms of spiritual autobiography during the ancient, medieval, and Renaissance periods when conversion narrative of the sort written by Sampson Staniforth did not exist. The introduction concludes that popular conversion narrative appeared in the mid-seventeenth century, on the trailing edge of Christendom and the leading edge of the modern period, and the conditions for its appearance include the intensification of a sense of introspective conscience and self-determination.
3 The Early Methodist Journalists: George Whitefield and John Wesley
Authors: Hindmarsh D. Bruce 
Published: April 2005

Abstract
The wide range of autobiographical records of the early Methodist leaders, published and unpublished, constitutes one of the most significant literary traces of the Evangelical Revival. In the course of these personal writings, which were typically set down for purposes other than confessional autobiography, the familiar Puritan–Pietist genre of conversion narrative resurfaced. The most influential figures in the 1730s and 1740s were arguably George Whitefield and John Wesley, but here we encounter the enormous importance of the journal form in the early years of the revival. The conversion narratives of Whitefield and Wesley did not appear in print as stand-alone spiritual autobiographies, but rather as set pieces (such as Wesley’s record of his Aldersgate experience) within the serial publication of their journals. These journals were enormously important for directing the course of the revival and stirring up similar experiences on the part of others.
8 The Olney Autobiographers: Conversion Narrative and Personality
Authors: Hindmarsh D. Bruce 
Published: April 2005

Abstract
Picks up the story of conversion narrative among evangelical Anglicans through a close reading of three case studies. Associated with the town of Olney, John Newton, William Cowper, and Thomas Scott lived near one another in the north-eastern corner of Buckinghamshire, where Newton and Scott were clergymen in the Church of England, and Cowper was a local gentleman-poet living on patronage. Like most evangelical Anglicans, they were moderate Calvinists when they wrote their narratives in the 1760s and 1770s, and the Calvinistic order of salvation provided a model for their self-understanding. However, in their autobiographies we find a vivid display of personality that appears not despite the presence of a model, but because of it. Within a similar theological framework, Newton interpreted his life typologically, Scott intellectually, and Cowper psychologically—each offering a unique expression of personal adherence to a common gospel.