bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MX, a by‐product of water chlorination, lacks in vivo genotoxicity in gpt delta mice but inhibits gap junctional intercellular communication in rat WB cells
Authors: Nishikawa Akiyoshi , Sai Kimie , Okazaki Kazushi , Son Hwa‐Young , Kanki Keita , Nakajima Madoka , Kinae Naohide , Nohmi Takehiko , Trosko James E. , Inoue Tohru , Hirose Masao 
Published: August 2005

Abstract3‐Chloro‐4‐(dichloromethyl)−5‐hydroxy‐2(5H)‐furanone (MX), a by‐product of water chlorination, is a potent bacterial mutagen and rat carcinogen. In the present study, the in vivo mutagenicity, cell proliferative activity, and carcinogenicity of MX were investigated in gpt delta mice. Groups of 5 male and female 7‐week‐old gpt delta C57BL/6J transgenic mice were given MX at doses of 0, 10, 30, or 100 ppm in their drinking water for 12 weeks, and then killed to assess in vivo mutagenicity using 6‐thioguanine and Spi− selection, and cell proliferative activity using immunohistochemistry for proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). Further groups of 10 male and female gpt delta mice were given 0 or 100 ppm MX for 78 weeks, and a full necropsy with histopathological examination of all organs was conducted to detect neoplastic lesions. The 12‐week MX treatment did not result in mutagenicity in the livers or lungs or cell proliferative activity in several organs of the mice, and the 78‐week treatment did not cause carcinogenicity. Additional investigations were conducted to evaluate the potential of MX to inhibit gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) in rat liver epithelial cells (WB cells) by the scrape loading/dye transfer method. Inhibition of GJIC was detected within 2 hr with a noncytotoxic dose of MX (4 μg/ml), followed by partial restoration after 5 hr. A second phase of inhibition occurred after 10 hr and then the lowered level persisted for the 24 hr‐incubation period. Dose‐dependent inhibition was evident at both 2 hr and 24 hr, with much stronger effects at the former time. These findings indicate that MX is not mutagenic, mitogenic or carcinogenic in mice, and suggest that the compound exerts epigenetic actions leading to GJIC inhibition. Environ. Mol. Mutagen., 2006. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The role of leaf inclination, leaf orientation and plant canopy architecture in soil particle detachment by raindrops
Authors: Foot Kirsten , Morgan R. P. C. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractA laboratory investigation of the effect of plant architecture on soil particle detachment by rainfall is described. The effects of leaf inclination, leaf orientation, effective canopy area, leaf area index, leaf subcatchment area, lowest canopy area, largest canopy area, canopy overlap area and an alternative leaf area index are examined using artificial plants. Detachment from a 30 cm diameter splash cup filled with sand (150 µm–1 mm particle size) was measured under three types of plant (small leaved, broad leaved and long narrow leaved) for a 10 minute simulated rainstorm of 75 mm/h intensity. There were no significant differences in soil particle detachment between the three plant types or between detachment under the plants and detachment of bare soil. No significant relationships were obtained between detachment and any of the plant parameters. Soil particle detachment by leaf drips can offset any protective effects of the canopy so that detachment does not differ significantly from that on bare soil. Plant architecture significantly affected the distance from the plant stem at which detachment was concentrated even though the canopy diameters of the plants were similar. There would appear to be no advantages in a detailed description of plant architecture and its effects in process‐based models of soil erosion. Parameters such as plant height and plant canopy area are sufficient descriptors for modelling plant effects. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Radiation‐induced gene expression profile of human cells deficient in 8‐hydroxy‐2′‐deoxyguanine glycosylase
Authors: Chaudhry M. Ahmad 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe human OGG1 gene encodes a DNA glycosylase that is involved in the base excision repair of 8‐hydroxy‐2′‐deoxyguanine (8‐OH‐dG) from oxidatively damaged DNA. Cellular 8‐OH‐dG levels accumulate in the absence of this activity and could be deleterious for the cell. To assess the role of 8‐oxoguanine glycosylase (OGG1) in the cellular defense mechanism in a specific DNA repair defect background, we set out to determine the expression pattern of base excision repair genes and other cellular genes not involved in the base excision pathway in OGG1‐deficient human KG‐1 cells after ionizing radiation exposure. KG‐1 cells have lost OGG1 activity due to a homozygous mutation of Arg229Gln. Gene expression alterations were monitored at 4, 8, 12 and 24 hr in 2 Gy irradiated cells. Large‐scale gene expression profiling was assessed with DNA microarray technology. Gene expression analysis identified a number of ionizing radiation‐responsive genes, including several novel genes. There were 2 peaks of radiation‐induced gene induction or repression: one at 8 hr and the other at 24 hr. Overall the number of downregulated genes was higher than the number of upregulated genes. The highest number of downregulated genes was at 8 hr postirradiation. Genes corresponding to cellular, physiologic, developmental and extracellular processes were identified. The highest number of radiation‐induced genes belonged to the signal transduction category, followed by genes involved in transcription and response to stress. Microarray gene expression data were independently validated by relative quantitative RT‐PCR. Surprisingly, none of the genes involved in the base excision repair of radiation‐induced DNA damage showed altered expression. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fabrication and characteristics of bioactive sodium titanate/titania graded film on NiTi shape memory alloy
Authors: Chu C. L. , Chung C. Y. , Zhou J. , Pu Y. P. , Lin P. H. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractA bioactive sodium titanate/titania graded film was formed in situ on NiTi shape memory alloy (SMA) by oxidizing in H2O2 solution and subsequent NaOH treatment and characterized by scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The bioactivity of the film was investigated using a simulated body fluid (SBF) soaking test. A titania (TiO2) layer was first found on NiTi substrate after oxidized in H2O2 solution, and then a porous sodium titanate (Na2TiO3)/titania film with many TiOH groups and a trace of Ni2O3 was formed by the reaction of partial TiO2 phase with NaOH solution. After immersion in SBF for 12 h, apatite was observed to nucleate and grow on the film. With longer soaking time, more apatite appeared on its surface but our control experiments didn't reveal any apatite formation on the chemically polished NiTi SMA, which indicates the bioactivity of NiTi implants could be improved by the formation of the bioactive film. Moreover, XPS depth profiles of O, Ni, Ti, and Na show the bioactive film possesses a smooth graded interface structure to NiTi substrate, which is in favor of sufficient mechanical stability of apatite layer by subsequent deposition in SBF. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2005
Rate of ammonia oxidation in a synthetic saline wastewater by a nitrifying mixed‐culture
Authors: Sánchez Omar , Aspé Estrella , Martí María C , Roeckel Marlene 
Published: August 2005

AbstractMost of the kinetic studies on nitrification have been performed in diluted salts medium. In this work, the ammonia oxidation rate (AOR) was determined by respirometry at different ammonia (0.01 and 33.5 mg N‐NH3 L−1), nitrite (0–450 mg N‐NO2− L−1) and nitrate (0 and 275 mg N‐NO3− L−1) concentrations in a saline medium at 30 °C and pH 7.5. Sodium azide was used to uncouple the ammonia and nitrite oxidation, so as to measure independently the AOR. It was determined that ammonia causes substrate inhibition and that nitrite and nitrate exhibit product inhibition upon the AOR. The effects of ammonia, nitrite and nitrate were represented by the Andrews equation (maximal ammonia oxidation rate, rAOMAX, = 43.2 [mg N‐NH3 (g VSSAO h)−1]; half saturation constant, KSAO, = 0.11 mg N‐NH3 L−1; inhibition constant KIAO, = 7.65 mg N‐NH3 L−1), by the non‐competitive inhibition model (inhibition constant, KINI, = 176 mg N‐NO2− L−1) and by the partially competitive inhibition model (inhibition constant, KINA, = 3.3 mg N‐NO3− L−1; α factor = 0.24), respectively. The rAOMAX value is smaller, and the KSAO value larger, than the values reported in diluted salts medium; the KIAO value is comparable to those reported. Process simulations with the kinetic model in batch nitrifying reactors showed that the inhibitory effects of nitrite and nitrate are significant for initial ammonia concentrations larger than 100 mg N‐NH4+ L−1. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Cellular disorders induced by high magnetic fields
Authors: Valiron Odile , Peris Leticia , Rikken Geert , Schweitzer Annie , Saoudi Yasmina , Remy Chantal , Job Didier 
Published: August 2005

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate whether static high magnetic fields (HMFs), in the range of 10–17 T, affect the cytoskeleton and cell organization in different types of mammalian cells, including fibroblasts, epithelial cells, and differentiating neurons.Materials and MethodsCells were exposed to HMF for 30 or 60 minutes and subsequently assessed for viability. Cytoskeleton arrays and focal adhesions were visualized using immunofluorescence microscopy.ResultsCell exposure to HMF over 10 T in the case of cycling cells, and over 15 T in the case of neurons, affected cell viability, apparently because of cell detachment from culture dishes. In the remaining adherent cells, the organization of actin assemblies was perturbed, and both cell adhesion and spreading were impaired. Moreover, in the case of neurons, exposure to HMF induced growth cone retraction and delayed cell differentiation.ConclusionCell exposure to HMF (over 10T and 15 T in the case of cycling cells and neurons, respectively) affects the cell cytoskeleton, with deleterious effects on cell viability, organization, and differentiation. Further studies are needed to determine whether such perturbations, as observed here in cultured cells, have consequences in whole animals. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Evaluation of normal fatty replacement of the thymus with chemical‐shift MR imaging for identification of the normal thymus
Authors: Inaoka Tsutomu , Takahashi Koji , Iwata Kunihiro , Fajardo Laurie , vanBeek Edwin , Sato Yutaka , Yamada Tomonori , Nagasawa Kenichi , Shuke Noriyuki , Aburano Tamio 
Published: August 2005

AbstractPurposeTo clarify the influences of age and gender on normal fatty replacement of the thymus in childhood, adolescence, and early adulthood using chemical‐shift MRI.Materials and MethodsA total of 95 normal subjects (52 males and 43 females, mean age = 15.6 years, range = 7–25 years) who underwent chemical‐shift MRI of the thymus were assessed prospectively. Signal intensity loss (SIL) of the thymus was determined by dividing the thymus/muscle ratio on the opposed‐phase image by that on the in‐phase image. We evaluated SIL for its correlation with age and gender, and assessed SIL of the thymus with uncommon morphological features.ResultsA significant correlation was found between SIL and age (r = 0.750, P < 0.001). There was no significant difference in SIL between the genders. No significant SIL was identified in any of the subjects aged 10 years or less. However, significant SIL was found in 70.8% of those aged 11–20 years, 100% of those aged 21 years or more, and 46.2% of subjects with uncommon morphological features of the thymus.ConclusionChemical‐shift MRI can depict physiologic fatty infiltration within the normal thymus in subjects over 11 years of age. It is crucial to correlate these normal age‐related findings with clinical cases in order to avoid misinterpretation. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Biological tissue imaging with time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry and cluster ion sources
Authors: Brunelle Alain , Touboul David , Laprévote Olivier 
Published: August 2005

AbstractTime‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF‐SIMS) using liquid metal ion guns (LMIGs) is now sensitive enough to produce molecular‐ion images directly from biological tissue samples. Primary cluster ions strike a spot on the sample to produce a mass spectrum. An image of this sample is achieved by rastering the irradiated point over the sample surface. The use of secondary ion mass spectrometry for mapping biological tissue surfaces provides unique analytical capabilities; in particular, it enables in a single acquisition a large variety of biological compounds to be localised on a micrometer scale and scrutinised for colocalisations. Without any treatment of the sample, this method is fully compatible with subsequent and complementary analyses like fluorescence microscopy, histochemical staining, or even matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionisation imaging. Basic physical concepts, required instrumentation (ion source and mass analyzer), sample preparation methods, image acquisition, image processing, and emerging biological applications will be described and discussed. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Antioch Company brings lean into the office
Authors: Huls Kristi 
Published: August 2005

AbstractKaizen Blitzes, intense multiday events that shine a light on waste in processes, have netted companies significant savings in manufacturing and other operations functions. But waste still lurks in the dark corners of administrative, support, and other office processes, buried in the accounting dumping ground called overhead. At The Antioch Company, grass‐roots actions have evolved into a pragmatic lean office program, with benefits from lean events extending well beyond the expected savings in process time and cost. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
LC‐MS/MS in the elucidation of an isomer of the recreational drug methylenedioxy ethylamphetamine: Methylenedioxy dimethylamphetamine
Authors: Vande Casteele Sofie R. , Bouche Marie‐Paule L. , Van Bocxlaer Jan F. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThis paper describes the surplus value of a quadrupole‐orthogonal acceleration TOF mass spectrometer, coupled to a liquid chromatographic separation system, for the unequivocal identification and structural elucidation of an unknown compound in the field of designer drugs. In a patient sample set (blood, tissues, vitreous humor, etc.), analyzed with a dedicated liquid chromatographic–fluorescence detection method for the determination of methylenedioxy amphetamine, methylenedioxy methamphetamine, and methylenedioxy ethylamphetamine (MDEA), a “strange” inexplicable peak appeared at a retention time not corresponding to any of our reference materials. Based on the identical excitation and emission wavelengths in detection, and a retention behavior comparable to MDEA, it was assumed that this unknown compound was an isomer of the recreational drug MDEA. With a simple and straightforward methodological crossover between LC fluorescence detection and LC‐MS/MS, additional information for structural elucidation was easily obtained. Chromatographic separation was achieved on a Hypersil BDS C18 column (fluorescence detection part) and on a Hypersil BDS phenyl column (mass spectrometric detection part). MS showed that the unknown compound's molecular mass was identical to that of MDEA, and, in addition, its fragmentation pattern too proved quite similar to that of MDEA. A thorough literature overview and study of the fragmentation pattern by means of the MS/MS spectrum led to an evidence‐based hypothesis of 3,4‐methylenedioxy N,N‐dimethylamphetamine (MDDM) being the unknown compound. To confirm this hypothesis, MDDM was synthesized and its presence in our biological sample was finally demonstrated by co‐injection with alternatively synthesized MDDM and MDEA. This application shows the synergism between LC and MS in the elucidation of unknown compounds, nevertheless emphasizing the essence of chromatographic separation when dealing with isomers.
Study of oil soluble polymers as drag reducers
Authors: Holtmyer Marlin D. , Chatterji Jiten 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThis investigation was undertaken to find the most effective material which would reduce the friction coefficient in turbulent flow when added in small quantities to oil pipelines. For this purpose, a series of oil‐soluble polymers, namely homopolymers and copolymers of alkyl methacrylates, alkyl acrylates, and alkyl styrenes were synthesized. Emulsion polymerization techniques were used. Commercially available alkyl methacrylate and alkyl acrylate monomers were used in the synthesis. Monomeric alkyl styrenes were synthesized and structures established prior to polymerization. Intrinsic viscosities were measured and viscosity average molecular weights were calculated for several of the homopolymers synthesized in this study. Reduction of factional drag and resistance to shear degradation were measured by pumping a solution of the polymer in a hydrocarbon solvent through a pipe and recording the pressure drop across the pipe. Drag‐reducing properties of several of the polymers were correlated in terms of their viscosity average molecular weights. Drag reduction of poly (isodecyl methacrylate) was studied in various hydrocarbon solvents. Drag‐reducing behavior of polymers prepared in this study exhibited a strong dependence on molecular weight; increasing the molecular weight increased the drag reduction for a given polymer concentration and pipe size. Several of these polymers were found to be superior to commercially available polyisobutylene as drag reducers, especially in terms of shear stability.
Conformation and shear stability of xanthan gum in solution
Authors: Chen Catherine S. Hsia , Sheppard E. W. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractXanthan gum, the extracellular polysacchuride produced by the microorganism Xanthomonas campestris has unique rheological properties and as a result found many industrial uses. The primary structure o xanthan consists of a cellulose backbone substituted on alternate residues with charged trisaccharide side chains. The polymer undergoes an ordered ⇄ disordered conformation transformation, Very recently determinations of the secondary and tertiary structures have shown that the ordered conformation is helical. The two conformations have different solution properties. Rheological evidence indicates that xanthan conformation is critically dependent on the presence or absence of‐salt. In this work we show that the polymer shear degrades to a larger extent in the disordered conformation than in the ordered conformation. That is, the ordered conformation is more shear stable.
A functional annotation of subproteomes in human plasma
Authors: Ping Peipei , Vondriska Thomas M. , Creighton Chad J. , Gandhi TKB , Yang Ziping , Menon Rajasree , Kwon Min‐Seok , Cho Sang Yun , Drwal Garry , Kellmann Markus , Peri Suraj , Suresh Shubha , Gronborg Mads , Molina Henrik , Chaerkady Raghothama , Rekha B. , Shet Arun S. , Gerszten Robert E. , Wu Haifeng , Raftery Mark , Wasinger Valerie , Schulz‐Knappe Peter , Hanash Samir M. , Paik Young‐ki , Hancock William S. , States David J. , Omenn Gilbert S. , Pandey Akhilesh 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe data collected by Human Proteome Organization's Plasma Proteome Pilot project phase was analyzed by members of our working group. Accordingly, a functional annotation of the human plasma proteome was carried out. Here, we report the findings of our analyses. First, bioinformatic analyses were undertaken to determine the likely sources of plasma proteins and to develop a protein interaction network of proteins identified in this project. Second, annotation of these proteins was performed in the context of functional subproteomes involved in the coagulation pathway, the mononuclear phagocytic system, the inflammation pathway, the cardiovascular system, and the liver; as well as the subset of proteins associated with DNA binding activities. Our analyses contributed to the Plasma Proteome Database (http://www.plasmaproteomedatabase.org), an annotated database of plasma proteins identified by HPPP as well as from other published studies. In addition, we address several methodological considerations including the selective enrichment of post‐translationally modified proteins by the use of multi‐lectin chromatography as well as the use of peptidomic techniques to characterize the low molecular weight proteins in plasma. Furthermore, we have performed additional analyses of peptide identification data to annotate cleavage of signal peptides, sites of intra‐membrane proteolysis and post‐translational modifications. The HPPP‐organized, multi‐laboratory effort, as described herein, resulted in much synergy and was essential to the success of this project.
Enhancement of color purity in blue light emitting poly(fluorene)s and poly(p‐phenylene)s with 2,6‐distyrylpyridine kinked segments along the backbone
Authors: Mikroyannidis John A. , Kazantzis Aristomenis V. 
Published: August 2005

Abstract2,6‐bis(4‐Distyrylpyridine) (1) was synthesized by the condensation of 2,6‐dimethylpyridine with 4‐bromobenzaldehyde. Two new series of soluble random or alternating polyfluorenes (PF‐Py) and poly‐p‐phenylenes (PP‐Py) with various compositions were prepared by Suzuki coupling utilizing 1 as a comonomer. These polymers showed optical band gaps of 3.00–3.07 eV and photoluminescence (PL) quantum yields in solution of 0.37–0.91 for PF‐Py and 0.29–0.38 for PP‐Py. Polymers PF‐Py emitted blue light with PL maximum at 410–424 nm in solution and 406–428 nm in thin films that was red shifted with increasing distyrylpyridine content. Polymers PP‐Py behaved as blue emitters both in solution and in solid state, with PL maximum at 416–436 nm. The optical properties of these polymers could be tuned by the reversible protonation–deprotonation process of the pyridine ring. The emitted color of the polymers in solution and thin film could be changed continuously between blue and green (PL maximum up to about 520 nm) by exposing the polymers to the acid or base environment. Thin films of PF‐Py displayed excellent color stability with a small red shift of 10 nm but without additional emission band in the long wave region of the spectrum, even after being annealed at high temperature for a long time. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 4486–4495, 2005
Evaluation of long‐term performance of antioxidants using prooxidants instead of thermal acceleration
Authors: Burman Lina , Albertsson Ann‐Christine 
Published: August 2005

AbstractEvaluation of stabilization efficiencies of different antioxidants in polymers at low temperature and relatively short time was performed using incorporation of a prooxidant for catalytic oxidation. Comparisons were made between polypropylene films stabilized with primary antioxidants (Irganox 1076, Irganox 1010, and α‐tocopherol), with or without the prooxidant manganese stearate at different temperatures. A faster degradation was obtained in the presence of a prooxidant than without it. The relative efficiency of the antioxidants at prooxidant acceleration correlated better to low temperature long‐term test than at the thermal acceleration. The results were affected by initial differences in the amounts of the antioxidants present after the processing of the films. These differences were corrected for by a recalculation using microwave‐assisted extraction (MAE) and high performance liquid chromatography analysis from the exponential decrease in the amount of antioxidant in the films. The fastest comparison of the antioxidants efficiency was obtained from oxidation induction times, using total luminescence intensity measurements, but reliable results could also be obtained from the time to apparent failure. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals,Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 4537–4546, 2005