bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nizatidine treatment and its relationship with leptin levels in patients with olanzapine‐induced weight gain
Authors: Atmaca Murad , Kuloglu Murat , Tezcan Ertan , Ustundag Bilal 
Published: August 2003

AbstractIt has been reported that nizatidine may reduce the weight gain in schizophrenic patients receiving olanzapine treatment. Previous studies have demonstrated a relation between olanzapine‐induced weight gain and serum leptin levels. Therefore, in the present study, it was planned to investigate the efficacy of nizatidine on the treatment of olanzapine‐induced weight gain, and if available, whether leptin levels were associated with reductions in weight gain. Of the patients with schizophrenia on olanzapine treatment, 59 who gave informed consent entered a 3 month open‐label screening period. Of them, 35 patients (59%) showed weight gain in excess of 2.5 kg. These patients were randomly divided into two groups; olanzapine plus nizatidine (group I) and olanzapine plus placebo (group II) for an 8‐week double‐blind phase. The patients were evaluated at the baseline and at week 8 with respect to the positive and negative syndrome scale, body mass index, weight and serum leptin levels. In the open‐label period, olanzapine led to a considerable marked increase in weight and in serum leptin levels. There was no statistically significant difference between the groups with respect to weight at the beginning of the 8‐week double‐blind treatment period. Throughout the 8 week double‐blind period, in group I, the weight decreased by 4.5 ± 2.2 kg ( p < 0.05). In contrast, weight increased in group II by a mean of 2.3 ± 0.9 kg ( p > 0.05). The leptin levels decreased by 4.4 ± 2.3 ng/ml in group I ( p < 0.01), and increased by 1.8 ± 0.6 ng/ml in group II ( p > 0.05). These changes were accompanied by changes in the leptin levels in both groups I and II. It is concluded that leptin seems to be strongly associated with olanzapine‐induced weight gain and that nizatidine treatment may reduce the weight gain and the correlated leptin levels in patients with schizophrenia on olanzapine treatment. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Infants' perception of directional alignment of texture elements on a spherical surface
Authors: Kavšek Michael J. 
Published: August 2003

AbstractBy appropriately compressing texture elements on a circular surface, one can evoke the impression of being confronted with the depiction of a spherical object in the picture plane. According to Todd and Akerstrom (1987), the 3D perception of such an object can be eliminated if the optical elements are not sufficiently elongated or if they are not aligned with one another. In the current investigation, 4‐month‐old infants were tested for their ability to react to a disruption of the directional alignment variable. They were habituated to either a spherical surface or a surface the spatial layout of which was destroyed by reorienting the texture elements, and were afterwards tested with a further ellipsoid object and with a further flat surface. Data analysis revealed that the female infants, but not the male participants, preferred the novel posthabituation display, that is, the test stimulus which included a change in the orientational alignment of texture elements. These findings are discussed within the context of development of sensitivity to pictorial depth cues. It is possible that infants as young as 4 months of age respond to manipulations of the directional alignment factor per se, while older infants are capable of using this factor as a cue for 3D object shape. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Poverty, stress, and support: patterns of parenting behaviour among lower income black and lower income white mothers
Authors: Middlemiss Wendy 
Published: August 2003

AbstractThe relation between parenting behaviour and poverty has been established, with impoverished parents' related experiences of stress and support typically implicated in the development of negative parenting behaviour. Additionally, differences in parenting behaviour have been identified for families with different ethnic backgrounds. However, whether ethnicity continues to effect similar differences in families' parenting behaviour in the face of the challenges associated with poverty or whether poverty leads to greater similarities or differences in parenting behaviour across ethnicity is not clear.Understanding how parenting behaviour is affected by the challenges of poverty is essential for identifying appropriate supportive programmes to enhance the development of children in these families. To better understand the parenting behaviours of lower income African American and European American mothers, this study identified levels of stress, family‐ and community‐based support, and qualitative and quantitative measures of parenting for 30 African American and 30 European American mothers with children between 3 and 5 years of age. Both groups of mothers reported high levels of stress and low levels of support in their role as parents. Few differences in either mothers' ratings of how they parented or their descriptions of their parenting behaviours were identified suggesting similar parenting styles between these two groups of low‐income parents. All mothers used less authoritarian parenting than expected based on poverty levels. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sonographic detection of elastofibroma dorsi
Authors: Dalal Anjali , Miller Theodore T. , Kenan Samuel 
Published: August 2003

AbstractWe describe the case of a 78‐year‐old man with a large elastofibroma deep to his scapula that was inconspicuous on MRI examination with his arm at his side in neutral position. The mass was not detected sonographically until the patient abducted his arm, allowing the elastofibroma to emerge from under the scapula. The diagnosis of elastofibroma was suggested by the typical sonographic appearance of a hypoechoic mass with interspersed linear echogenicity, resembling muscle. The mass was excised, and the diagnosis was confirmed on histopathologic examination. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 31:375–378, 2003
Appraising surgeons learning sonography: Measuring measurement variability
Authors: Gallagher Paul V. , Elliott Simon T. , Charnley Richard 
Published: August 2003

AbstractPurposeSonography is increasingly used by various clinicians in several task‐specific situations. We present a method of assessing 1 aspect of a nonspecialist's ability in performing sonography, measurement variability.MethodsAn experienced radiologist and a surgeon who had received 4 weeks of sonography training each made triplicate measurements of gallbladder dimensions in 19 adult patients undergoing abdominal sonography. The observers examined the subjects in immediate succession using the same ultrasound equipment and were blinded to each other's measurements until the end of the study. Intraobserver measurement variability rates were calculated for gallbladder length, height, and width by using analysis of variance techniques and were expressed as a within‐subject standard deviation and a repeatability coefficient.ResultsIn terms of intraobserver measurements, the estimated within‐subject standard deviations were comparable for the radiologist and the surgeon (length, 0.22 versus 0.17 cm; height, 0.14 versus 0.14 cm; and width, 0.12 versus 0.14 cm, respectively), as were the repeatability coefficients. The interobserver variability showed good agreement as well; the estimated within‐subject standard deviations (and 95% limits of agreement) obtained were length, 0.47 cm (−1.08 to 1.48 cm); height, 0.34 cm (−1.08 to 0.49 cm); and width, 0.28 cm (−0.80 to 0.81 cm).ConclusionsThe ability to measure organ dimensions accurately is an essential sonographic skill that can be readily appraised. The findings from this comparison study illustrate that this 1 small aspect of sonography can be learned by various clinicians and that their ability in this task can be appraised. In a clinical setting, the small degree of variability in measurements made by the experienced radiologist and the sonography‐trainee surgeon is likely to be satisfactory. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 31:364–368, 2003
Partial preoperative reduction of inguinal hernia through compression with an ultrasound transducer
Authors: Koseoglu Kutsi , Ozsunar Yelda , Taskin Fusun , Unsal Alparslan 
Published: August 2003

AbstractSonography and CT are effective tools in early diagnosis of asymptomatic inguinal hernia. Sonography can be used not only for the diagnosis of hernia but also for its treatment. Real‐time sonographically guided hernia reduction may avoid tissue damage that can arise from misguided compression. We report a unique case in which an incarcerated omental hernia in a 50‐year‐old woman was diagnosed and subsequently reduced via compression with an ultrasound transducer. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 31:379–382, 2003
Sonographic findings of hepatic lesions in human fascioliasis
Authors: Cosme Angel , Ojeda Evelia , Poch Montserrat , Bujanda Luis , Castiella Agustín , Fernández Javier 
Published: August 2003

AbstractPurposeThe aim of this retrospective study was to analyze the sonographic features of hepatic lesions in patients with fascioliasis to help determine the utility of sonography in diagnosing this disorder in patients from areas in which Fasciola hepatica infestation is endemic.MethodsSeven patients with acute‐phase (hepatic) fascioliasis had been identified among a previously reported series of 37 patients with fascioliasis who had been evaluated sonographically at Donostia Hospital in San Sebastián (Guipúzcoa), Spain. The 4 men and 3 women ranged in age from 29 to 69 years (mean, 49 years). A history of ingestion of watercress had been confirmed in 6 of the patients.ResultsSonographically, the hepatic lesions appeared as focal areas of increased echogenicity in the right lobe (2 cases), multiple nodular or irregular lesions of variable echogenicity, ranging from 5 to 25 mm in diameter, in both lobes (4 cases), and a single 6‐cm complex mass in the right hepatic lobe (1 case). Therapy with dehydroemetine, praziquantel, or bithionol resulted in complete remission, although 2 patients required an additional treatment cycle. One patient also underwent surgery.ConclusionsSonography can be useful in the detection and follow‐up of hepatic lesions in human fascioliasis and can facilitate the diagnosis of this condition, particularly in areas where it is endemic. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 31:358–363, 2003
Experimental and modeling study of the oxidation of benzene
Authors: Costa I. Da , Fournet R. , Billaud F. , Battin‐Leclerc F. 
Published: August 2003

AbstractThis paper describes an experimental and modeling study of the oxidation of benzene. The low‐temperature oxidation was studied in a continuous flow stirred tank reactor with carbon‐containing products analyzed by gas chromatography. The following experimental conditions were used: 923 K, 1 atm, fuel equivalence ratios from 1.9 to 3.6, concentrations of benzene from 4 to 4.5%, and residence times ranging from 1 to 10 s corresponding to benzene conversion yields from 6 to 45%. The ignition delays of benzene–oxygen–argon mixtures with fuel equivalence ratios from 1 to 3 were measured behind shock waves. Reflected shock waves permitted to obtain temperatures from 1230 to 1970 K and pressures from 6.5 to 9.5 atm.A detailed mechanism has been proposed and allows us to reproduce satisfactorily our experimental results, as well as some data of the literature obtained in other conditions, such as in a plug flow reactor or in a laminar premixed flame. The main reaction paths have been determined for the four series of measurements by sensitivity and flux analyses. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 35: 503–524, 2003
Spectrophotometric variable‐concentration kinetic experiments applied to inorganic reactions
Authors: Alibrandi Giuseppe , D'Aliberti Santi , Tresoldi Giuseppe 
Published: August 2003

AbstractThe dependence of the observed rate constant of inorganic substitution reactions on the concentration of nucleophilic reagents was obtained by single variable‐parameter kinetic runs. The experiments were carried out spectrophotometrically, varying the concentration of the nucleophile inside the reaction vessel. Software and apparatus were developed for an easy and rapid performance. The method gives accurate results and a saving in time by a factor of up to 100 compared to conventional methods. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 35: 497–502, 2003
Scheduling economic lot sizes in deteriorating production systems
Authors: Giri B.C. , Moon I. , Yun W.Y. 
Published: August 2003

AbstractThe paper considers the economic lot scheduling problem (ELSP) where production facility is assumed to deteriorate, owing to aging, with an increasing failure rate. The time to shift from an “in‐control” state to an “out‐of‐control” state is assumed to be normally distributed. The system is scheduled to be inspected at the end of each production lot. If the process is found to be in an “out‐of‐control” state, then corrective maintenance is performed to restore it to an “in‐control” state before the start of the next production run. Otherwise, preventive maintenance is carried out to enhance system reliability. The ELSP is formulated under the capacity constraint taking into account the quality related cost due to possible production of non‐conforming items, process inspection, and maintenance costs. In order to find a feasible production schedule, both the common cycle and time‐varying lot sizes approaches are utilized. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 50: 650–661, 2003
Discrete‐time analysis of MAP/PH/1 multiclass general preemptive priority queue
Authors: Alfa Attahiru Sule , Liu Bin , He Qi‐Ming 
Published: August 2003

AbstractWe use the matrix‐geometric method to study the MAP/PH/1 general preemptive priority queue with a multiple class of jobs. A procedure for obtaining the block matrices representing the transition matrix P is presented. We show that the special upper triangular structure of the matrix R obtained by Miller [Computation of steady‐state probabilities for M/M/1 priority queues, Oper Res 29(5) (1981), 945–958] can be extended to an upper triangular block structure. Moreover, the subblock matrices of matrix R also have such a structure. With this special structure, we develop a procedure to compute the matrix R. After obtaining the stationary distribution of the system, we study two primary performance indices, namely, the distributions of the number of jobs of each type in the system and their waiting times. Although most of our analysis is carried out for the case of K = 3, the developed approach is general enough to study the other cases (K ≥ 4). © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 50: 662–682, 2003.
Finite element analysis of advanced multilayer capacitors
Authors: Vu‐Quoc L. , Srinivas V. , Zhai Y. 
Published: August 2003

AbstractWe establish a systematic methodology to design and analyse electromagnetic components such as advanced multilayer ceramic capacitors (MLCCs) using the finite element (FE) method. We employ a coupled formulation to compute the interaction between the electric and magnetic fields. Unlike a linear distribution of current assumed in the circuit model, an accurate electrostatic solution to model the entire advanced MLCCs (4 × 4 × 27 = 432 cells) is presented. The FE solution is used to compute the lumped parameters for a range of frequencies. These lumped parameters are then used to compute the parasitic elements of the MLCCs. We introduce two algorithms to efficiently analyse the behaviour of a capacitor with changing frequency. The lower frequency (much below the self‐resonant frequency of the capacitor) algorithm separates the effect of the electric and magnetic fields and reduces the computational effort required to solve the FE problem, whereas, the high‐frequency algorithm couples the effect between the electric and the magnetic fields. We use these algorithms in conjunction with a new multiple scale technique to effectively determine the small values of R, L and C in MLCCs. The formulation, the implementation, and the numerical results demonstrate the efficacy of the present FE formulation and establish a systematic methodology to design and analyse advanced electromagnetic components. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Parallel computing of high‐speed compressible flows using a node‐based finite‐element method
Authors: Fujisawa T. , Inaba M. , Yagawa G. 
Published: August 2003

AbstractAn efficient parallel computing method for high‐speed compressible flows is presented. The numerical analysis of flows with shocks requires very fine computational grids and grid generation requires a great deal of time. In the proposed method, all computational procedures, from the mesh generation to the solution of a system of equations, can be performed seamlessly in parallel in terms of nodes. Local finite‐element mesh is generated robustly around each node, even for severe boundary shapes such as cracks. The algorithm and the data structure of finite‐element calculation are based on nodes, and parallel computing is realized by dividing a system of equations by the row of the global coefficient matrix. The inter‐processor communication is minimized by renumbering the nodal identification number using ParMETIS. The numerical scheme for high‐speed compressible flows is based on the two‐step Taylor–Galerkin method. The proposed method is implemented on distributed memory systems, such as an Alpha PC cluster, and a parallel supercomputer, Hitachi SR8000. The performance of the method is illustrated by the computation of supersonic flows over a forward facing step. The numerical examples show that crisp shocks are effectively computed on multiprocessors at high efficiency. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An examination of skulls from two British sites for possible evidence of scurvy
Authors: Melikian M. , Waldron T. 
Published: August 2003

AbstractSkulls and mandibles from the Romano‐British site of Poundbury, Dorset and a medieval site at Abingdon in Oxfordshire were examined for porosity which has been considered to be indicative of the presence of scurvy. In addition, a number of skulls from various locations in Peru were examined. Virtually all the skulls had porosity at at least one site and in all cases the palate was most frequently affected. The rank order of affected sites showed some differences between the three samples but the most striking change was the frequency with which the cranial vault and maxilla were affected in the Peruvian skulls compared with the British. The differences were not statistically significant, however. None of the appearances was consistent with those of known cases of infantile scurvy and we doubt whether scurvy can be diagnosed on the basis of porosity in the skull and mandible unless it conforms to recognized clinical patterns. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Ciempozuelos Necropolis skull: a case of double trepanation?
Authors: Lettow‐Vorbeck C. Liesau von , Pastor Abascal I. 
Published: August 2003

AbstractThe focus of this study is the analysis of a trepanation performed on the skull of an adult male from the famous Bell Beaker necropolis of Ciempozuelos (Madrid) excavated at the end of the 19thcentury. The unusual characteristics of the pottery and other associated grave goods gave rise to the use of the name ‘Ciempozuelos’ to define the regional Bell Beaker style; this refers to similar finds from other sites on the Meseta of central Spain. Although trepanations from Chalcolithic contexts in the Iberian peninsula are not infrequent, they are unusual in Bell Beaker inhumations. Furthermore, this skull is exceptional not only for the type of trepanation performed, but also for the subsequent cranial deformation apparently resulting from the operation, as well as evidence of a second subsequent trepanation which indicates a very short post‐surgical survival period for the individual. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Great white shark teeth used as pendants and possible tools by early‐middle Holocene terrestrial mammal hunter‐gatherers in the Eastern Pampas (Southern South America)
Authors: Cione A. L. , Bonomo M. 
Published: August 2003

AbstractTwo great white shark (Carcharodon carcharias) teeth recovered in a terrestrial mammal hunter‐gatherers context in the Pampas are described. Associated lithic (mainly quarzite) tools, and the predominant exploitation of the Lama guanicoe relate the ancient inhabitants of the site with those of the early‐middle Holocene sites of the Area Interserrana of the Provincia de Buenos Aires. According to the stratigraphic context and the terrestrial fauna, the age of the deposit seems to be constrained to the early‐middle Holocene. The root tips of the shark teeth are marked by an artificial transvers groove fitted to tie a thread. Tooth edge serrations are strongly eroded, suggesting they were used as tools. We favour the hypotheses that the fish could have stranded on the beach or a small estuary in the neighbourhood, or that the teeth were obtained from the body of a pinniped attacked by a shark and sobsequenty found by humans. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Oriented thin films from soluble polythiophenes
Authors: Bolognesi Alberto , Botta Chiara , Mercogliano Clara , Marinelli Marco , Porzio W. , Angiolini Luigi , Salatelli Elisabetta 
Published: August 2003

AbstractThe degree of orientation of thin films of eight different polymeric structures, belonging to the class of soluble polyalkylthiophenes (PATs) has been studied. Thin films of the polymers, obtained by spin coating onto glass substrates, were oriented by means of the rubbing technique. The degree of orientation is related to the regioregularity of the system: highly regioregular polymers can be oriented, while regiorandom materials are not oriented. The degree of orientation can be improved by thermal annealing of the oriented films. As a result of annealing, which was performed at different temperatures according to the thermal behavior of the polymers, it was possible to increase the polarization ratio for poly(3‐decylthiophene) up to 12–13 as detected from the UV‐vis spectra in polarized light. Moreover in the investigated PATs, both the key role of molecular weight and its distribution for achieving a high orientation degree has been assessed. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fracture strength of class II slot cavities restored with polymerizable restorative materials
Authors: Görücü Jale , Özgünaltay Gül 
Published: August 2003

AbstractThis study compared the fracture strength of Class II slot cavities restored with polymerizable restorative materials. Sixty, caries‐free, posterior teeth were divided into five groups of 12 teeth. The Class II slot cavities were prepared. The teeth were restored with two packable composites (Filtek P60, Surefil), a microhybrid composite (Filtek Z250)and two ormocer (Definite, Admira). The restorations were then subjected to fracture resistance tests.The marginal ridges of the restorations were loaded at an angle of 13.5° to the long axis of the tooth in an Universal Testing Machine until failure. Analysis of mean forces indicated that, Filtek P60, Surefil and Filtek Z250 exhibited better performance than Definite and Admira.The tested resin composites differed in their mechanical properties. This study suggested that fracture behavior were highly influenced by the filler system. Overall, Filtek P60, Surefil, Filtek Z250, demonstrated good fracture resistance. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.