bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of two different oxygen saturation target ranges for automated oxygen control in preterm infants: a randomised cross-over trial
Authors: Brouwer Fleur , Salverda Hylke H , Cramer Sophie J E , Schmeits Chantal , van der Plas Jacoline , te Pas Arjan B , Dekker Janneke 
Published: February 2024

ObjectiveTo compare the effect of peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2) target range (TR) (either 91%–95% and 92%–96%) on the frequency and duration of hypoxic and hyperoxic episodes while on automated oxygen control using the OxyGenie controller.DesignRandomised cross-over study.SettingTertiary-level neonatal unit in the Netherlands.PatientsInfants (n=27) with a median (IQR) gestational age of 27+0 (25+5–27+3) weeks and postnatal age of 16 (10–22) days, receiving invasive or non-invasive respiratory support.InterventionsIn both groups supplemental oxygen was titrated to a TR of 91%–95% (TRlow) or 92%–96% (TRhigh) by the OxyGenie controller (SLE6000 ventilator) for 24 hours each, in random sequence. After a switch in TR, a 1-hour washout period was applied to prevent carry-over bias.Main outcome measuresFrequency and duration of hypoxic (SpO2<80% for ≥1 s) and hyperoxic episodes (SpO2>98% for ≥1 s).ResultsHypoxic episodes were less frequent when the higher range was targeted (TRhighvs TRlow: 2.5 (0.7–6.2)/hour vs 2.4 (0.9–10.2)/hour, p=0.02), but hyperoxic episodes were more frequent (5.3 (1.8–12.3)/hour vs 2.9 (1.0–7.1)/hour, p<0.001). The duration of the out-of-range episodes was not significantly different (hypoxia: 4.7 (2.8–7.1) s vs 4.4 (3.7–6.5) s, p=0.67; hyperoxia: 4.3 (3.3–4.9) s vs 3.9 (2.8–5.5) s, p=0.89).ConclusionTargeting a higher SpO2TR with the OxyGenie controller reduced hypoxic episodes but increased hyperoxic episodes. This study highlights the feasibility of using an automated oxygen titration device to explore the effects of subtle TR adjustments on clinical outcomes in neonatal care.Trial registration numberNL9662.
Variation in occupational exposure risk for COVID-19 workers’ compensation claims across pandemic waves in Ontario
Authors: Smith Peter M , Liao Qing , Shahidi Faraz , Biswas Aviroop , Robson Lynda S , Landsman Victoria , Mustard Cameron 
Published: February 2024

ObjectivesTo understand rates of work-related COVID-19 (WR-C19) infection by occupational exposures across waves of the COVID-19 pandemic in Ontario, Canada.MethodsWe combined workers’ compensation claims for COVID-19 with data from Statistics Canada’s Labour Force Survey, to estimate rates of WR-C19 among workers spending the majority of their working time at the workplace between 1 April 2020 and 30 April 2022. Occupational exposures, imputed using a job exposure matrix, were whether the occupation was public facing, proximity to others at work, location of work and a summary measure of low, medium and high occupational exposure. Negative binomial regression models examined the relationship between occupational exposures and risk of WR-C19, adjusting for covariates.ResultsTrends in rates of WR-C19 differed from overall COVID-19 cases among the working-aged population. All occupational exposures were associated with increased risk of WR-C19, with risk ratios for medium and high summary exposures being 1.30 (95% CI 1.09 to 1.55) and 2.46 (95% CI 2.10 to 2.88), respectively, in fully adjusted models. The magnitude of associations between occupational exposures and risk of WR-C19 differed across waves of the pandemic, being weakest for most exposures in period March 2021 to June 2021, and highest at the start of the pandemic and during the Omicron wave (December 2021 to April 2022).ConclusionsOccupational exposures were consistently associated with increased risk of WR-C19, although the magnitude of this relationship differed across pandemic waves in Ontario. Preparation for future pandemics should consider more accurate reporting of WR-C19 infections and the potential dynamic nature of occupational exposures.
The Physician Surprise Question in the Emergency Department: prospective cohort study
Authors: Ribeiro Sabrina Correa Costa , Arantes Lopes Thiago Augusto , Costa Jose Victor Gomes , Rodrigues Caio Godoy , Maia Ian Ward Abdalla , Soler Lucas de Moraes , Marchini Julio Flavio Meirelles , Neto Rodrigo Antônio Brandão , Souza Heraldo Possolo , Alencar Júlio César Garcia 
Published: February 2024

ObjectivesThis study aims to test the ability of the surprise question (SQ), when asked to emergency physicians (EPs), to predict in-hospital mortality among adults admitted to an emergency room (ER).MethodsThis prospective cohort study at an academic medical centre included consecutive patients 18 years or older who received care in the ER and were subsequently admitted to the hospital from 20 April 2018 to 20 October 2018. EPs were required to answer the SQ for all patients who were being admitted to hospital. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality.ResultsThe cohort included 725 adults (mean (SD) age, 60 (17) years, 51% men) from 58 128 emergency department (ED) visits. The mortality rates were 20.6% for 30-day all-cause in-hospital mortality and 23.6% for in-hospital mortality. The diagnostic test characteristics of the SQ have a sensitivity of 53.7% and specificity of 87.1%, and a relative risk of 4.02 (95% CI 3.15 to 5.13), p<0.01). The positive and negative predictive values were 57% and 86%, respectively; the positive likelihood ratio was 4.1 and negative likelihood ratio was 0.53; and the accuracy was 79.2%.ConclusionsWe found that asking the SQ to EPs may be a useful tool to identify patients in the ED with a high risk of in-hospital mortality.
Environmental radon control in the 700 m underground laboratory at JUNO
Authors: Cui Chenyang , Zhao Jie , Li Gaosong , Zhang Yongpeng , Guo Cong , Qu Zhenning , Wang Yifang , Li Xiaonan , Wen Liangjian , He Miao , Sisti Monica 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory is constructing the world’s largest liquid scintillator detector, with a 20 kt target mass and approximately 700 m of overburden. The total underground space of civil construction is around 300,000 m$$^3$$

3

, with the main hall comprising about 120,000 m$$^3$$

3

, making it the largest experimental hall in the world. Maintaining a low radon concentration in the underground air is crucial for both human health and the accuracy of experiments involving rare decay detection, such as neutrino and dark matter experiments. To ensure human health and the integrity of neutrino physics experiments, the nominal radon concentration in the main hall must be kept below 200 Bq/m$$^3$$

3

with a maximum value below 400 Bq/m$$^3$$

3

. Introduction of fresh air from above ground can significantly lower radon concentration. A benchmark experiment conducted in the refuge room near the main hall revealed that the radon emanating from underground water is a significant source of radon in the underground air. The total underground ventilation rate is approximately 160,000 m$$^3$$

3

/h of fresh air with about 30 Bq/m$$^3$$

3

$$^{222}$$

222

Rn from the bottom of the vertical tunnel after the installation of powerful fans. Of this, 55,000 m$$^3$$

3

/h is used for ventilation in the main hall. As a result of these measures, the radon concentration inside the main hall has decreased from 1600 Bq/m$$^3$$

3

to below 200 Bq/m$$^3$$

3

under stable working conditions, with exceptions during rare adverse weather events or fan failures. The employed strategies to control radon concentration in the underground air are described in this paper.
Extended landslide velocity and analytical drag
Authors: Pudasaini Shiva P. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe landslide velocity plays a dominant role in estimating the impact force and devastated area. Here, based on Pudasaini and Krautblatter (Earth Surf Dyn 10:165–189, 2022. https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-10-165-2022), I develop a novel extended landslide velocity model that includes the force induced by the hydraulic pressure gradient, which was neglected by all the existing analytical landslide velocity models. By a rigorous conversion between this force and inertia, which facilitates constructing exact analytical solutions for velocity, I develop two peer systems expecting to produce the same result. However, this contradicts with our conventional wisdom. This raises a legitimate question of whether we should develop some new balance equations such that these phenomena can be better explained naturally. I compare the two velocity models that neglect and include the force induced by the hydraulic pressure gradient. Analytical solutions produced by the two systems are fundamentally different. The new model is comprehensive, elegant, and yet an extraordinary development as it reveals serendipitous circumstance resulting in a pressure–inertia paradox. Surprisingly, the mass first moves upstream for quite a while; then, it winds back and continues accelerating down slope. The difference between the extended and simple solution is significant, and widens strongly as the force associated with the hydraulic pressure gradient increases, demonstrating the importance of this force in the landslide velocity. The viscous drag is an essential dissipative force mechanism and plays an important role in controlling the landslide dynamics. However, no explicit mechanical and analytical model exists to date for this. The careful sagacity of the graceful form of new velocity equation results in a plain, yet mechanically extensive, analytical model for viscous drag, the first of this kind. It contains several physical and geometrical parameters, and evolves dynamically as it varies inversely with the flow depth. A dimensionless drag number is constructed characterizing the drag dynamics. Importance of the drag model is explained. In contrast with the prevailing practices, I have proved that drags are essentially different for the expanding and contracting motions. This is an entirely novel revelation. Drag coefficients are close to the empirical or numerical values often used in practice. But, now, I offer an innovative, physically founded analytical model for the drag that can be instantly applied in mass flow simulations.
Inclusive $$B\rightarrow X_c \ell {\bar{\nu }}_\ell$$ and $$B\rightarrow X_u \ell {\bar{\nu }}_\ell$$ decays: current status and future prospects
Authors: Fael Matteo , Prim Markus , Vos K. Keri 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe inclusive semileptonic $$B\rightarrow X_c \ell {\bar{\nu }}_\ell$$

B
→

X
c

ℓ

ν

¯

ℓ

and $$B\rightarrow X_u \ell {\bar{\nu }}_\ell$$

B
→

X
u

ℓ

ν

¯

ℓ

decays allow for the extraction of the CKM elements $$|V_{cb}|$$

|

V

cb

|

and $$|V_{ub}|$$

|

V

ub

|

, respectively. These extractions are based on the Heavy-Quark Expansion, where recent progress on both the experimental and theoretical side allow for impressively precise results. We review the recent developments in the study of inclusive decays and give an outlook for the future.
Multi-Modal Information Fusion for Localization of Emergency Vehicles
Authors: Joshi Aruna Kumar , Kulkarni Shrinivasrao B. 
Published: February 2024

In urban and city environments, road transportation contributes significantly to the generation of substantial traffic. However, this surge in vehicles leads to complex issues, including hindered emergency vehicle movement due to high density and congestion. Scarcity of human personnel amplifies these challenges. As traffic conditions worsen, the need for automated solutions to manage emergency situations becomes more evident. Intelligent traffic monitoring can identify and prioritize emergency vehicles, potentially saving lives. However, categorizing emergency vehicles through visual analysis faces difficulties such as clutter, occlusions, and traffic variations. Visual-based techniques for vehicle detection rely on clear rear views, but this is problematic in dense traffic. In contrast, audio-based methods are resilient to the Doppler Effect from moving vehicles, but handling diverse background noises remains unexplored. Using acoustics for emergency vehicle localization presents challenges related to sensor range and real-world noise. Addressing these issues, this study introduces a novel solution: combining visual and audio data for enhanced detection and localization of emergency vehicles in road networks. Leveraging this multi-modal approach aims to bolster accuracy and robustness in emergency vehicle management. The proposed methodology consists of several key steps. The presence of an emergency vehicle is initially detected through the preprocessing of visual images, involving the removal of clutter and occlusions via an adaptive background model. Subsequently, a cell-wise classification strategy utilizing a customized Visual Geometry Group Network (VGGNet) deep learning model is employed to determine the presence of emergency vehicles within individual cells. To further reinforce the accuracy of emergency vehicle presence detection, the outcomes from the audio data analysis are integrated. This involves the extraction of spectral features from audio streams, followed by classification utilizing a support vector machine (SVM) model. The fusion of information derived from both visual and audio sources is utilized in the construction of a more comprehensive and refined traffic state map. This augmented map facilitates the effective management of emergency vehicle transit. In empirical evaluations, the proposed solution demonstrates its capability to mitigate challenges like visual clutter, occlusions, and variations in traffic density common issues encountered in traditional visual analysis methods. Notably, the proposed approach achieves an impressive accuracy rate of approximately 98.15% in the localization of emergency vehicles.
Insect galls of the Chapada Diamantina, Rio de Contas, Bahia, Brazil
Authors: Araújo Tainar de Jesus , Maia Valéria Cid , Carneiro Marco Antonio Alves , Santos-Silva Juliana 
Published: February 2024

We surveyed insect galls and their host plants in areas of Caatinga and Cerrado in the municipality of Rio de Contas, in the extreme south of the Chapada Diamantina (Bahia state), between 703 and 1,897 m altitude, in order to contribute to the knowledge and conservation of local biodiversity. The survey was conducted in eight locations, adopting the random walking methodology for sampling, four in Caatinga and four in Cerrado, covering distinct phytophysiognomies (cerrado sensu stricto, gallery forest, shrubby caatinga, riparian forest, and rocky field). Eighty-four different insect gall morphotypes were reported, 48 (57.14%) of them on 42 host species in Cerrado and 36 (42.86%) on 24 host species in Caatinga. Most galls occurred on leaves (48.72%) and were globoid (53.76%), glabrous (52.92%), isolated (55.44%), usually one-chambered (61.32%), and brown (25.2%). The gall-inducing insects identified belonged to Lepidoptera (n = 1), Thysanoptera (n = 1), Hemiptera (n = 2), and Diptera (Cecidomyiidae) (n = 16). This was the first inventory of galls in the Chapada Diamantina, so all records are new for the region. We also recorded the first occurrences of galls on two Cerrado plant species and on two in the Caatinga. We found a significant positive correlation between gall richness and plant species richness, suggesting that radiation of gall-inducing insects may be associated with plant species richness.
Five new species of Asphondylia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Asphondyliini) from Brazilian restinga (Atlantic Forest)
Authors: Maia Valéria Cid 
Published: February 2024

Asphondylia braziliensis sp. nov., Asphondylia fluminensis sp. nov., Asphondylia marambaiensis sp. nov., Asphondylia varroniae sp. nov., and Asphondylia xerezi sp. nov., are described based on material from Brazilian restingas. The first species induces galls on Struthanthus acuminatus (Ruiz. & Pav.) Kuijt (Loranthaceae), the second on Erythroxylum ovalifolium Peyr (Erythroxylaceae), the third on Lantana fucata Lindl. (Verbenaceae), the fourth on Varronia curassavica Jacq. (Cordiaceae), and the fifth on Heliotropium sp. (Heliotropiaceae). One host plant, Erythroxylum ovalifolium, is endemic to the Atlantic forest. The other plant species are native to Brazil. Illustrations of relevant morphological characters are provided. The new species are compared with congeneric Neotropical species. Types are deposited in the Entomological Collection of the Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro.
Diversity of insect galls in veredas of the Brazilian Cerrado in Minas Gerais, Brazil
Authors: Grandez-Rios Julio Miguel , Rhie Matthias Yunsu , Costa Leonardo Vinicius Ataíde , Gonçalves Maria Fernanda , Araújo Walter Santos de 
Published: February 2024

Brazilian veredas are hygrophilous communities with high species diversity, featuring many floristic studies but a still incipient number of faunistic studies. In the present study, we conducted an inventory of insect galls in four different veredas located in the Northern region of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Overall, we found 75 gall morphotypes, distributed across 50 host species representing 37 plant genera and 22 families. Fabaceae was the plant family with the greatest number of insect gall morphotypes (n = 21), followed by Malpighiaceae (n = 10). The plant genera that supported the highest diversity of insect galls were Copaifera (n = 8) and Byrsomima (n = 5). The plant species Copaifera oblongifolia (n = 6) and Anacardium humile (n = 4) exhibited the highest richness of insect galls. The leaves were the most attacked organs (89% of all galls). Most morphotypes are glabrous (83%), green (69%) and lenticular (60%). The taxa of gall-inducing insects were identified for 46 morphotypes (80%), and were recorded inducers from the orders Diptera, Lepidoptera, and Hymenoptera. Cecidomyiidae (Diptera) was the most representative galling group, with 42 morphotypes, making up 93.3% of the recorded inducers. Among the sampled veredas areas, the Vereda do Peruaçu presented the highest richness of insect gall morphotypes and host plant species. The faunistic similarity was higher in the Pedras and Tiririca veredas, followed by Almescla and Peruaçu veredas. This is the first systematic inventory of insect galls and their host plant in Brazilian veredas. The diversity of insect galls in the studied veredas is relatively high when compared to other Brazilian Cerrado vegetation types.
Enhancing the Prediction of Cardiac Allograft Vasculopathy Using Intravascular Ultrasound and Machine Learning: A Proof of Concept
Authors: Moayedi Yasbanoo , Rodenas-Alesina Eduard , Somerset Emily , Fan Chun Po S. , Henricksen Erik , Aleksova Natasha , Billia Filio , Chih Sharon , Ross Heather J. , Teuteberg Jeffrey J. 
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND:
Cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV) is the leading cause of late graft dysfunction in heart transplantation. Building on previous unsupervised learning models, we sought to identify CAV clusters using serial maximal intimal thickness and baseline clinical risk factors to predict the development of early CAV.

METHODS:
This is a single-center retrospective study including adult heart transplantation recipients. A latent class mixed-effects model was used to identify patient clusters with similar trajectories of maximal intimal thickness posttransplant and pretransplant covariates associated with each cluster.

RESULTS:

Among 186 heart transplantation recipients, we identified 4 patient phenotypes: very low, low, moderate, and high risk. The 5-year risk (95% CI) of the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation–defined CAV in the high, moderate, low, and very low risk groups was 49.1% (35.2%–68.5%), 23.4% (13.3%–41.2%), 5.0% (1.3%–19.6%), and 0%, respectively. Only patients in the moderate to high risk cluster developed the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation CAV 2-3 at 5 years (
P
=0.02). Of the 4 groups, the low risk group had significantly younger female recipients, shorter ischemic time, and younger female donors compared with the high risk group.

CONCLUSIONS:
We identified 4 clusters characterized by distinct maximal intimal thickness trajectories. These clusters were shown to discriminate against the development of angiographic CAV. This approach allows for the personalization of surveillance and CAV-directed treatment before the development of angiographically apparent disease.
Inactivation of Malic Enzyme 1 in Endothelial Cells Alleviates Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Luo Ya , Qi Xianmei , Zhang Zhenxi , Zhang Jiawei , Li Bolun , Shu Ting , Li Xiaona , Hu Huiyuan , Li Jinqiu , Tang Qihao , Zhou Yitian , Wang Mingyao , Fan Tianfei , Guo Wenjun , Liu Ying , Zhang Jin , Pang Junling , Yang Peiran , Gao Ran , Chen Wenhui , Yan Chen , Xing Yanjiang , Du Wenjing , Wang Jing , Wang Chen 
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND:
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a progressive cardiopulmonary disease with a high mortality rate. Although growing evidence has revealed the importance of dysregulated energetic metabolism in the pathogenesis of PH, the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms are not fully understood. In this study, we focused on ME1 (malic enzyme 1), a key enzyme linking glycolysis to the tricarboxylic acid cycle. We aimed to determine the role and mechanistic action of ME1 in PH.

METHODS:

Global and endothelial-specific
ME1
knockout mice were used to investigate the role of ME1 in hypoxia- and SU5416/hypoxia (SuHx)–induced PH. Small hairpin RNA and ME1 enzymatic inhibitor (ME1*) were used to study the mechanism of ME1 in pulmonary artery endothelial cells. Downstream key metabolic pathways and mediators of ME1 were identified by metabolomics analysis in vivo and ME1-mediated energetic alterations were examined by Seahorse metabolic analysis in vitro. The pharmacological effect of ME1* on PH treatment was evaluated in PH animal models induced by SuHx.

RESULTS:

We found that ME1 protein level and enzymatic activity were highly elevated in lung tissues of patients and mice with PH, primarily in vascular endothelial cells. Global knockout of
ME1
protected mice from developing hypoxia- or SuHx-induced PH. Endothelial-specific
ME1
deletion similarly attenuated pulmonary vascular remodeling and PH development in mice, suggesting a critical role of endothelial ME1 in PH. Mechanistic studies revealed that ME1 inhibition promoted downstream adenosine production and activated A
2A
R-mediated adenosine signaling, which leads to an increase in nitric oxide generation and a decrease in proinflammatory molecule expression in endothelial cells. ME1 inhibition activated adenosine production in an ATP-dependent manner through regulating malate-aspartate NADH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide plus hydrogen) shuttle and thereby balancing oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis. Pharmacological inactivation of ME1 attenuated the progression of PH in both preventive and therapeutic settings by promoting adenosine production in vivo.

CONCLUSIONS:
Our findings indicate that ME1 upregulation in endothelial cells plays a causative role in PH development by negatively regulating adenosine production and subsequently dysregulating endothelial functions. Our findings also suggest that ME1 may represent as a novel pharmacological target for upregulating protective adenosine signaling in PH therapy.
A Persian Herald: The Reception of Tahirih by the Suffrage Movement of Britain, 1910–1913
Authors: Egea Amín 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
In the years preceding the First World War, the suffragist media paid important attention to the figure of the Persian poetess, Tahirih. This interest in her biography coincided with ‘Abdu’l-Bahā’s two visits to England when the leader of the Bahā’ī religion met with prominent members of the country’s major suffrage organizations. This article describes references to Tahirih by various suffragist leaders and attempts to show how she was presented as a herald to their cause and a heroine to be emulated.