bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Documentation of ethno-medico-botanical claims of Rabha tribe, Ri-Bhoi district, Meghalaya
Authors: Nagayya Shiddamallayya , Bora Devanjal , Yugandhar Pulicherla , Srinivasulu Cheemanapalli , Yashpal Bhardwaj , Tripathi Ashish Kumar , Bandi Venkateshwarlu , Rath Chinmay , Mangal Anupam Kumar , Srikanth Narayanam 
Published: October 2023

AIM:
The present survey work aims to explore and document the traditional healing practices of medicinal plants that have been used by the Rabha tribe of Ri-Bhoi district, Meghalaya, India.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
The medico-ethno-botanical survey was carried out in densely populated areas of the Rabha tribe in Ri-Bhoi district of Meghalaya. The documentation was carried out according to the standard Local Health Traditions format developed by the Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences. Traditional knowledge of this tribe was documented through conducting personal interviews of local health practitioners during 2017–2019 along with these digital photographs of medicinal plants were also recorded.

RESULTS:
In the present study, a total of 17 types of disorders were treated using 28 types of medicinal plants that belong to 27 types of families. It is also found that for the treatment, herbs were mostly used among the life form of the plant (18), followed by leaves among the plant parts (28%), paste among the form of the drug (27%), and oral administration (47%) among the intake of the drug. The documented 28 medicinal plants were cross-checked with published ayurvedic classical text and other related literatures; ethnobotanical data of 12 medicinal plants were matched.

CONCLUSION:
The present study revealed that the preparation of medicine and mode of treatment practiced by the Rabha tribe is unique and required an urgent prerequisite for the documentation of imperiling knowledge of this tribe all over the state.
Pharmaceutical standardization of Nagaphani Phalasava (fermented dosage form of Opuntia elatior Mill. fruits)
Authors: Anand Sharada , Acharya Rabinarayan 
Published: October 2023

BACKGROUND:
Fruits of Opuntia elatior Mill. (OE) Cactaceae, commonly recognized as Red Prickly pear, is reported for multiple pharmacological actions, yet under-utilized due to its perishable nature and seasonal availability. Asava not only helps in elongation of shelf life but also offers continued extraction of the active compounds. Hence, the study has been carried out to develop and standardize a novel dosage form Nagaphani Phalasava (fermented preparation of OE fruits).

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

Asava was prepared in two seasons, that is, winter (December 2020–January 2021) and summer (April 2021–May 2021). A total of nine pilot batches were prepared in each season, that is, 7, 10, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24, 27, and 30 days, considering the duration of fermentation. Each batch was opened the next day, that is, 8th, 11th, 13th, 16th, 19th, 22nd, 25th, 28th, and 31st day, respectively, to observe the tests of perfectness and carry out physicochemical analysis including pH, specific gravity (Sp gr), density, total solids, alcohol percentage, and sugar analysis. The batch that showed all the tests of perfectness was considered ideal and repeated in triplicate.

RESULTS:
In both seasons, 30 days batch was considered ideal and repeated in triplicate. Yield was 68.73% in winter and 59.44% in summer season. Organoleptic features were more prominent in winter batch compared to summer batch. Average pH, Sp gr, density, total solids, alcohol percentage, total sugar, reducing sugar, and nonreducing sugar were 2, 1.0591, 1.0225, 20.48, 11, 17.56, 4.6, and 12.9 in winter and 2, 1.1198, 1.0707, 27.31, 4, 12.3, 7.5, and 4.8 in summer, respectively.

CONCLUSION:
Preparation of Nagaphani phalasava requires a duration of 30 days in both winter and summer seasons. The winter batch Asava possessed more evident organoleptic features compared to summer batch. Product yield was comparatively high in winter. The alcohol percentage was under the limits prescribed for Asavarishta in Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India (API).
Seasonal evaluation of Shatavarin-IV by HPLC for the best procurement time of Asparagus racemosus Willd. tubers and pharmacognostical studies
Authors: Cheemalapati Venkata Narasimhaji , Mangal Anupam , Prabhu Rekha , Marimuthu Gokul , Raju Ilavarasan , Srikanth Naraynam 
Published: October 2023

BACKGROUND:
The root tubers of Asparagus racemosus Willd. (Shatavari) are a well-known Ayurvedic medicine. In this present study, it is aimed to assess the Shatavarin-IV content in root tubers of Asparagus racemosus Willd. collected from the same habitat for the evaluation of seasonal variation and to explore the best procurement time.

METHODS:

Shatavari (A. racemosus Willd.) root was collected from the same habitat in all six seasons, i.e., Shishir (Jan–Feb) to Hemant (Nov–Dec). The source of the collected plant material authenticated taxonomically at Central Ayurveda Research Institute (CARI), Jhansi, India. Identification and comparative macroscopy along with powder microscopy of the root of the plant in each season were carried out. The extraction of root was carried out in various solvents such as alcohol, hydroalcohol, and methanol though Soxhlet, and its assessment of secondary metabolite content through high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using refractive index detector (RID) for the sample collected in all six seasons was carried out at the Captain Srinivasa Murthy Central Ayurveda Research Institute (CSMCARI), Chennai, India.

RESULTS:
No remarkable difference has been noted in microscopical features of root tubers, but in the powder microscopy of Sharad ritu samples, it was observed that raphides are more peculiar (in abundance) in parenchymatous cortex and vessels are abundant when compared with all other five seasons. Shatavarin-IV was quantified in each season by HPLC using RID. Soxhlet extractive value was found to be maximum in methanol, i.e., 3.5922 g (71.91% w/w) in Varsha ritu sample. A comparative higher quantity of Shatavarin-IV is also observed more (0.0196%) in Varsha ritu sample.

CONCLUSION:
A large quantity of extractive values, bioactive secondary metabolites, and Shatavarin-IV is observed in Varsha ritu sample and tubers of A. racemosus. Thus, it can be recommended that the suitable procurement time for collection of Shatavari (A. racemosus) root is Varsha ritu (Jul–Aug).
Evaluation of the anti-inflammatory activity of hexane and ethanolic extracts of polyherbal formulation of Nigella sativa L. (seeds), Ocimum tenuiflorum L. (leaves), and Piper longum L. (fruits) on carrageenan-induced paw edema in wistar rats
Authors: Tahir Abu , Dar Mohd Shai 
Published: October 2023

BACKGROUND:
Inflammation is a primary physiological defence mechanism that assists the body in protecting itself from infection, toxic chemicals, or other noxious stimuli. The current study demonstrated phytochemical screening, anti-inflammatory activities, and sub-acute toxicity of hexane and ethanol extracts of Nigella sativa L. (seeds), Ocimum tenuiflorum L. (leaves), and Piper longum L. (Fruits), as well as anti-oxidant activity. The Carrageenan-Induced Rat Paw Edema method was used to assess anti-inflammatory activity.

METHODS:
The carrageenan-induced paw edema test evaluated anti-inflammatory activity. Male albino Wistar rats weighing 150 ± 10g were divided into six groups of six animals each. Paw edema was induced with 1.5% carrageenan in all the groups except the normal. Group, I received a plain control of 1 ml of 1% Carboxy Methyl Cellulose (CMC); Group II standard drug received Indomethacin (10 mg/kg); Group III received Polyherbal formulation of hexane extracts (PHFH) 250 mg/kg b.w; Group IV received PHFH 500 mg/kg b.w.; Group V was given 250 mg/kg b.w. of Polyherbal formulation of ethanolic extracts (PHFE). The extract’s acute toxicity (2000 mg/kg) as per OECD guidelines was studied in albino rats for 14 days. The qualitative analysis of various phytochemical constituents of various phytoconstituents was determined. The DPPH method was used to evaluate anti-oxidant activity.

RESULTS:
The results showed that both PHFH and PHFE exhibited marked inhibition of the edema size from 1, 3, and 5 hrs of study as compared to the standard drug indomethacin (10 mg/kg b.w). The PHFE (250 and 500 mg/kg) displayed excellent protection against inflammation to PHFH (250 and 500 mg/kg). Compared to the standard drug, indomethacin which showed the highest excellent protection against inflammation. PHFE has lower anti-oxidant activity than standard ascorbic acid but exhibits higher anti-oxidant activity than PHFH. In an acute toxicity test, hexane-ethanolic extracts up to 3000 mg/kg had no toxic effects.

CONCLUSION:
From this study, we conclude that Nigella sativa L. (seeds), Ocimum tenuiflorum L. (leaves), and Piper longum L. (fruits) have anti-inflammatory activity by reducing paw inflammation as well as showing anti-oxidant activity.
Documentation and validation of the potential ethno-medicinal practices from Almora forest range, Uttarakhand, India
Authors: Rawat M. S. , Rai Amit Kumar , Arya Deepshikha , Kumar Sanjiv , Mahajon Bidhan , Rath Chinmay , Tripathi Ashish Kumar , Mangal Anupam K. , Srikanth Narayanam 
Published: October 2023

BACKGROUND:
Majority of the people in developing countries depend upon traditional medicine (TM) for their healthcare. Many local traditional healers in the Uttarakhand region are providing treatment for various ailments by using medicinal plants successfully. Present study aimed to collect and document the folklore claims practiced in the region of Almora forest range for treatment of various ailments for further validation, which will help in search of new treatment modalities for different disease conditions.

METHODS:
Medico-Ethno Botanical Survey (MEBS) was conducted in the region of Almora forest range of Almora forest division which is located between 29030’.08”N to 29058’.48” N latitude and 79004’.18”E to 790 47’30”E longitude at the southern edge of Kumaun hills in Uttarakhand during the month of July, 2018. The survey team met the traditional healers and interviewed them for documentation of Ethno-medicinal practices (EMPs). A structured standard questionnaire/format was used for systematic documentation of each claim.

RESULTS:
During the survey, potent ethno-medicinal practices based on 15 medicinal plant species were recorded which are being used for different common disease conditions by the local traditional healers.

CONCLUSION:
Inhabitants in remote and far-flung areas are still relying upon the medicinal plants for the management of various common ailments. But these EMPs have been declining in the recent period due to several factors. Hence, there is a critical need to document this traditional knowledge for widespread utilization to explore new treatment modalities for various disease conditions.
Determination of total alkaloid content in unpurified Dhattura beeja (Datura metel L. seeds) and purified Dhattura beeja (D. metel L. seeds) by UV-spectroscopic method
Authors: Tejaswini Poornachandra , Pradeep Hassan Rangaswamy , Khare Divya , Math Avinash 
Published: October 2023

BACKGROUND:

Dhattura herbal tea has been reported for toxicity, which is attributed to use without purification. Purification of Dhattura as per classics is essential as it contains toxic alkaloids. The present study highlights the role of classical Shodhana procedures in rendering the drug safe for therapeutics.

METHODS:

Dhattura seeds were collected and purified by Swedana (sudation) using Goksheera (cow milk) and Gomutra (cow urine). The unpurified and purified Dhattura seeds were analyzed for alkaloid content by UV spectroscopy.

RESULTS:
Unpurified Dhattura seeds contained 40.83 mg atropine equivalent (AE)/100 g of drug. Purification using Goksheera reduced alkaloid content to 20.46 mg AE/100 g of drug, and purification using Gomutra resulted in 26.45 mg AE/100 g of drug.

CONCLUSION:
UV spectroscopy is an effective method to determine the total alkaloid content in the raw and purified Dhattura seeds. This study supports that the purificatory methods stated in Ayurveda are effective in reducing atropine levels in Dhattura seeds.
Comparative evaluation to study the effect of implant support on complete fixed dental prosthesis fabricated with peek framework when implants placed in all-on-4 and all-on-6 situation, by strain gauge analysis and finite element analysis – An in vitro study
Authors: Vinodh Shanmathi , Jingade Ranganatha Rao K , Ajjikuttira Ponnanna Appanna , Kyathappa Prathima , Nataraj Mamatha , Chalana B. O. 
Published: October 2023

Aim:
To evaluate and compare the strain development and distribution of maxillary implant-supported complete fixed dental prosthesis (ISCFDP) with computer-aided design-computer-aided manufacturing milled PEEK BIO-HPP superstructure when placed using All-on-4 and All-on-6 situation using a strain gauge and finite element analysis (FEA).

Setting and Design:
This is an in vitro study to evaluate and compare the stress minimization and strain developed at implant in premolar and in two clinically simulated situation of All-on-4 and All-on -6 ISCFDP.

Materials and Methods:
The study involved converting a human skull into. stl format to create 3D-printed stereolithography models with a modulus of elasticity closer to bone. Implants were placed in two models (M1 nad M2) in incisor, premolar, and pterygoid regions. A fixed dental prosthesis framework was fabricated on both models, and strain gauge sensors were attached.

Statistical Analysis Used:
Descriptive and analytical statistics were done. The normality of data was analyzed by the Shapiro-Wilk test.

Results:
The results obtained were tabulated and it showed strain around the neck of ISCFDP under 100N configuration in strain gauge analysis. Stress was found more in the molar region when compared to the premolar region. This design showed that the largest stress around the neck of ISFDP under 100 N load was found more in the premolar region when compared to the molar region due to the reduction of stresses in the pterygoid region in FEA.

Conclusion:
In the present study, strain gauge analysis at 100 N for loading at the premolar and molar region shows the reduced strain on tilted implants in All-on-6 situation due to stress dissipation to the terminal pterygoid implant using strain gauge.
An in vitro comparison of the marginal fit of provisional crowns using the virtual tooth preparation workflow against the traditional technique
Authors: Shenoy Amrutha , Maiti Subhabrata , Nallaswamy Deepak , Keskar Varun 
Published: October 2023

Aim:This study investigates the effectiveness of an innovative virtual tooth preparation workflow for the fabrication of dental crowns using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and intraoral scanners (IOSs) with conventional workflow using extraoral/laboratory scanners.Settings and Design:Thisin vitroexperimental study was conducted in the laboratory of a university in Chennai, India. The dental laboratory and research facilities at the institution were utilized for the fabrication of the temporary crowns and the data acquisition process.Materials and Methods:Institutional approval was obtained from the university. It was basically a comparison between the virtual prep technique using CBCT and IOS and the conventional digital technique using extra oral scanners (EOS) for temporary crown fabrication. The sample size was estimated using an effect size of 1.5004, assuming a normal distribution, a significance level of 0.05, and a power of 0.95 in G power software. Based on this calculation, an extracted second lower molar was used to fabricate 10 samples in each group. The samples were divided into three groups: the CBCT (Group 1), the IOS (Group 2), and laboratory scanner (Group 3 as control) groups. The vertical marginal gap of all the surfaces of the crown was evaluated using a scanning electron microscope.Statistical Analysis Used:Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA using the SPSS software version 26.0, IBM, Armonk, NY, USA.Results:Acceptable marginal discrepancy values were obtained in all three groups. There was no significant difference in the marginal discrepancy recorded (P= 0.113).Conclusion:Virtual tooth preparation using CBCT and IOSs can be used as an alternative to the conventional workflow for provisional crown and bridge fabrication.
An investigation of the effects of topical sunscreen protection products under natural weather conditions on intrinsic color stability in maxillofacial silicones
Authors: Bugden Melanie 
Published: October 2023

Aim:The relatively short lifespan of maxillofacial prostheses (ranging from 3-24 months) is mostly a result of colour instability of silicone elastomers caused by ultraviolet (UV) radiation, requiring frequent remakes. An improvement in colour preservation could result in fewer remakes, thus saving time and money for both clinician and patient. In the quest for a suitable colour protection method, sunscreen protection products were considered; the most recent study on this subject was carried out in 1994, albeit using a low protection factor. The aim of this research was to determine if there is value in using topical sun protection products on extraoral silicone prostheses to prevent colour degradation.Settings and Design:This was anin vitroquantitative study.Materials and Methods:Three commercially available sunscreen products were studied, Riemann P20, Boots Soltan, and Garnier Ambre Solaire all with a sun protection factor of 50. A total of 144 silicone elastomer samples were produced using a Caucasian (light) shade 1.2 (n= 72) and dark skin shade 3.2 (n= 72) from the Technovent Ltd. Reality Shade range. Each shade group (n= 72) was divided into three groups to be subjected to outdoor weathering (n= 24), indoor (n= 24), and dark storage (n= 24). Within each environmental group, samples were divided into groups of six samples (n= 6) to receive the three sunscreens plus a control group with no sunscreen. The CIEL* a* b* formula was used to obtain the color measurements.Statistical Analysis Used:One way ANOVA test and Tukey’s HSD test for multiple comparisons was used to analyse the data.Results:The ΔE values had changed for all samples throughout the aging process.Conclusion:Soltan showed promising results in protecting the dark-shaded samples in the outdoor environment only.
Clinical outcomes of implant-supported prosthetic rehabilitation of severely atrophic maxilla: A systematic review
Authors: Alsi Shachi Atul , Deshpande Saee , Pande Neelam 
Published: October 2023

Aim:
The purpose of this systematic review is to evaluate the clinical outcomes for the various methods of rehabilitation of a severely atrophic maxilla with the help of implant-supported fixed prosthesis.

Materials and Methods:
The relevant publications published between 2013 and 2022 and written only in English were identified using an electronic search. The primary research question for this study was developed based on the PICO framework, which stands for population, intervention, control, and outcomes which was “What are the clinical outcomes of implant-supported prosthetic rehabilitation in patients with severely atrophic maxilla?” The relevancy of the articles was confirmed by examining their titles, abstracts, and complete texts to determine whether they satisfied the requirements for inclusion. Utilizing specialized study design-related bias assessment forms, the risk of bias was evaluated.

Results:
The database search resulted in 1568 results; however, 1529 of them were eliminated because of insufficient, duplicate, or missing data. Additionally, manual searching yielded 11 articles. After 50 full-text papers were assessed for eligibility, 17 articles were eliminated. Thus, 33 studies in total are included in the current systematic review. Risk of bias analysis and GRADE evidence analysis were performed. Data were found to be heterogeneous and thus meta-analysis could not be done and narrative synthesis is presented.

Conclusion:
The patient’s condition and the clinician’s expertise play a role in taking the decision on choice of technique for the fixed implant-supported rehabilitation of the severely atrophic maxilla. A high success and survival rate is produced by the majority of fixed implant-assisted prostheses despite the biologic and prosthetic problems. A single approach cannot be recommended as the gold standard. The choice is dependent on the patient’s biological factors as well as the clinician’s expertise. The included studies were assessed using GRADE criteria. The quality of evidence is low-medium. Therefore, to better comprehend the clinical effectiveness of the treatment alternatives, more well-designed randomized controlled trials with longer follow-up period are required.
Effect of different concentrations of titanium and silver nanoparticles on maxillofacial silicone MDX4-4210 on cell viability, tear bond strength, and shore strength: An in vitro study
Authors: Kumari Shweta , John Peter , Chidambaranathan Ahila Singaravel , Muthukumar Balasubramanium 
Published: October 2023

Aim:
The aim was to evaluate and compare the cell viability, tear bond strength, and shore hardness of MDX4-4210 silicone reinforced with titanium dioxide and silver nanoparticles in 1%, 2%, and 3%.

Settings and Design:
The study design involves in vitro comparative study.

Materials and Methods:
MDX4-4210 silicone incorporated with 1%, 2%, and 3% by weight of silver and titanium dioxide nanoparticles. A total of 112 specimens were prepared and grouped into 7, with 16 specimens in each group. Group 1 - control, Groups 2, 3, and 4 were 1%, 2%, and 3% silver, respectively. Groups 5, 6, and 7 were 1%, 2%, and 3% titanium dioxide nanoparticles, respectively. Cell viability was tested by MTT ASSAY on MG63 cell lines, tear bond strength was tested by peeling force in universal testing machine, and Shore A hardness was tested in durometer.

Statistical Analysis Used:
The cell viability values were statistically analysed using one-way analysis of variance, and Tukey honestly significant difference test, tear bond strength and shore hardness values were analysed using Mann–Whitney test.

Results:
Based on the MTT ASSAY test, 1% silver nanoparticles incorporated MDX4-4210 silicone showed maximum cell viability of 42.10%, whereas minimum cell viability was 18.06% for 3% of titanium dioxide-reinforced silicone. The mean value of tear bond strength of 1% silver and 1% titanium dioxide nanoparticles reinforced room temperature vulcanized maxillofacial silicone were 62.81 ± 3.637 N/m and 59.69 ± 5.313 N/m and the mean value of shore hardness of room temperature vulcanized of 1% silver and 1% titanium dioxide nanoparticles reinforced room temperature vulcanized maxillofacial silicone were 38.06 ± 1.237 and 36.75 ± 1.291.

Conclusion:
Cell viability of 1% silver nanoparticles reinforced MDX4-4210 silicone was higher in comparison to the other groups, and tear bond strength and shore hardness were significantly higher in 1% silver nanoparticles reinforced silicone compared to 1% titanium nanoparticles reinforced MDX4-4210 silicone.