bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of congruent emotional contexts during encoding on recognition: An ERPs study
Authors: Xie Miaomiao , Han Meng , Liu Zejun , Li Xian , Guo Chunyan 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPast research showed that emotional contexts can impair recognition memory for the target item. Given that item‐context congruity may enhance recognition memory, the present study aims to examine the effect of the congruent emotional encoding contexts on recognition memory. Participants studied congruent word‐picture pairs (e.g., the word “cow” – a picture describing a cow) and incongruent word‐picture pairs (e.g., the word “cow” – a picture describing a goat) and, subsequently, were asked to report the nature of the picture (emotional or neutral). Behavioral results revealed that emotional contexts impaired source but not item recognition, with congruent word‐context mitigating this impairment and enhancing item recognition. Neural results from ERPs and theta oscillations found the recollection process, as shown by the LPC old/new effect and theta oscillations, for both item and source recognition across emotional contexts, irrespective of congruity. Meanwhile, the familiarity process as indexed by the FN400 old/new effect was found only for item recognition in congruent emotional contexts. These findings suggest that the congruent relationship of item‐context could mitigate the emotion‐induced source memory impairment and enhance item memory, with neural results elucidating the memory processes involved in retrieval of emotional information. Specifically, while emotion‐related information generally elicits the recollection‐based memory process, only congruent emotional information elicits the familiarity‐based process.
Treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and progressive pulmonary fibrosis: A position statement from the Thoracic Society of Australia and New Zealand 2023 revision
Authors: Mackintosh John A. , Keir Gregory , Troy Lauren K. , Holland Anne E. , Grainge Christopher , Chambers Daniel C. , Sandford Debra , Jo Helen E. , Glaspole Ian , Wilsher Margaret , Goh Nicole S. L. , Reynolds Paul N. , Chapman Sally , Mutsaers Steven E. , de Boer Sally , Webster Susanne , Moodley Yuben , Corte Tamera J. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIdiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive disease leading to significant morbidity and mortality. In 2017 the Thoracic Society of Australia and New Zealand (TSANZ) and Lung Foundation Australia (LFA) published a position statement on the treatment of IPF. Since that time, subsidized anti‐fibrotic therapy in the form of pirfenidone and nintedanib is now available in both Australia and New Zealand. More recently, evidence has been published in support of nintedanib for non‐IPF progressive pulmonary fibrosis (PPF). Additionally, there have been numerous publications relating to the non‐pharmacologic management of IPF and PPF. This 2023 update to the position statement for treatment of IPF summarizes developments since 2017 and reaffirms the importance of a multi‐faceted approach to the management of IPF and progressive pulmonary fibrosis.
Amplified P2X3 pathway activity in muscle afferent dorsal root ganglion neurons and exercise pressor reflex regulation in hindlimb ischaemia–reperfusion
Authors: Qin Lu , Li Qin , Li Jianhua 
Published: January 2024

AbstractHindlimb ischaemia–reperfusion (IR) is among the most prominent pathophysiological conditions observed in peripheral artery disease (PAD). An exaggerated arterial blood pressure (BP) response during exercise is associated with an elevated risk of cardiovascular events in individuals with PAD. However, the precise mechanisms leading to this exaggerated BP response are poorly elucidated. The P2X3 signalling pathway, which plays a key role in modifying the exercise pressor reflex (EPR), is the focus of the present study. We determined the regulatory role of P2X3 on the EPR in a rat model of hindlimb IR. In vivo and in vitro approaches were used to determine the expression and functions of P2X3 in muscle afferent nerves and EPR in IR rats. We found that in IR rats there was (1) upregulation of P2X3 protein expression in the L4–6 dorsal root ganglia (DRG); (2) amplified P2X currents in isolated isolectin B4 (IB4)‐positive muscle DRG neurons; and (3) amplification of the P2X‐mediated BP response. We further verified that both A‐317491 and siRNA knockdown of P2X3 significantly decreased the activity of P2X currents in isolated muscle DRG neurons. Moreover, inhibition of muscle afferents’ P2X3 receptor using A‐317491 was observed to alleviate the exaggerated BP response induced by static muscle contraction and P2X‐induced BP response by α,β‐methylene ATP injection. P2X3 signalling pathway activity is amplified in muscle afferent DRG neurons in regulating the EPR following hindlimb IR.
On the Aero-Thermal Performance of Rim Film Cooling in the Squealer Tip of a Linear Turbine Cascade
Authors: Luo Lei , Zhao Zhiqi , Qiu Dandan , Wang Songtao , Zhou Xun , Wang Zhongqi , Li Guangchao 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The present study proposes a novel rim film cooling design, motivated by the fact that the suction-side rim and the cavity floor near the leading edge of a conventional squealer tip with a camber-line film hole array are directly subjected to high-temperature gas. The new design consists of cooling injection for rim-hole or -slot cooling at the leading edge. The parameters of injection geometry and cavity depth are also discussed in this study. The flow physics, leakage flowrate, heat transfer characteristics, and vortices in the cavity are carefully analyzed. The results show that rim film cooling can substantially inhibit tip heat transfer and the amount of hot leakage flow. Compared with the typical design, the maximum and average heat transfer coefficients of the blade tip of the rim slot case are reduced by 12.83% and 5.43%,, respectively. The variation in cavity depth is sensitive to the heat transfer on the cavity floor of the squealer tip blade. With the optimal design, the average and maximum heat transfer coefficients are reduced by 14.42% and 14.21%,, respectively. In addition, the leakage flowrate can be reduced by a maximum of 3.67% by rim injection compared with the conventional squealer tip.
Multi-Physics Three-Dimensional Component Placement and Routing Optimization Using Geometric Projection
Authors: Bello Waheed B. , Peddada Satya R. T. , Bhattacharyya Anurag , Zeidner Lawrence E. , Allison James T. , James Kai A. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This article presents a novel three-dimensional topology optimization framework developed for 3D spatial packaging of interconnected systems using a geometric projection method (GPM). The proposed gradient-based topology optimization method simultaneously optimizes the locations and orientations of system components (or devices) and lengths, diameters, and trajectories of interconnects to reduce the overall system volume within the prescribed 3D design domain. The optimization is subject to geometric and physics-based constraints dictated by various system specifications, suited for a wide range of transportation (aerospace or automotive), heating, ventilation, air-conditioning, and refrigeration, and other complex system applications. The system components and interconnects are represented using 3D parametric shapes such as cubes, cuboids, and cylinders. These objects are then projected onto a three-dimensional finite element mesh using the geometric projection method. Sensitivities are calculated for the objective function (bounding box volume) with various geometric and physics-based (thermal and hydraulic) constraints. Several case studies were performed with different component counts, interconnection topologies, and system boundary conditions and are presented to exhibit the capabilities of the proposed 3D multi-physics spatial packaging optimization framework.
Thermally Driven Multi-Objective Packing Optimization Using Acceleration Fields
Authors: Connor Moffatt W. , Huh JaeSung , Jun Sangkook , Kim Il Yong 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The packing optimization of three-dimensional components into a design space is a challenging and time-intensive task. Of particular concern is the thermal performance of the system, as tightly packed components typically exhibit poor heat dissipation performance which can result in overheating and system failure. As temperature modeling can be quite complex, there is a growing demand in the industry for software tools that aid designers in the packing process whilst considering heat transfer. This work outlines a novel multi-objective algorithm that considers temperature and thermal effects directly within the packing optimization process itself using thermal optimization objectives. In addition, the algorithm can consider functional objectives such as a desired center of mass position and minimizing rotational inertia. The algorithm packs components from initial to optimal positions within a design domain using a set of dynamic acceleration fields. There are multiple accelerations, each designed to improve the objective values for the systems (e.g., minimize temperature variance). Component temperatures are calculated using thermal finite element analyses modeling conduction and natural convection. Forced convection is approximated via computational fluid dynamics simulations. Numerical results for two academic and one real-world case studies are presented to demonstrate the efficacy of the presented algorithm.
Effects of High-Intensity Inspiratory Muscle Warm-Up on High-Intensity Exercise Performance and Muscle Oxygenation
Authors: Koizumi Jun , Ohya Toshiyuki 
Published: January 2024

Purpose: An inspiratory muscle warm-up (IMW) improves inspiratory muscle function, but the effects of high-intensity exercise are inconsistent. We aimed to determine the effects of high-intensity IMW on high-intensity exercise performance and muscle oxygenation. Methods: Ten healthy men (maximal oxygen uptake [] 52.2 [5.0] mL·kg–1·min–1) performed constant-load exercise to exhaustion on a cycle ergometer at under 2 IMW conditions: a placebo condition (PLA) and a high-intensity IMW condition (HIGH). The inspiratory loads were set at 15% and 80% of maximal inspiratory pressure, respectively. Maximal inspiratory pressure was measured before and after IMW. Oxyhemoglobin was measured in the vastus lateralis by near-infrared spectroscopy during exercise. Rating of perceived exertion (RPE) for a leg was measured after 1 and 2 minutes of exercise. Results: Exercise tolerance was significantly higher under HIGH than PLA (228 [49] s vs 218 [49] s, P = .003). Maximal inspiratory pressure was significantly increased by IMW under HIGH (from 125 [20] to 136 [25] cm H2O, P = .031). Oxyhemoglobin was significantly higher under HIGH than PLA at 80% of the total duration of exercise (P = .048). RPE for the leg was significantly lower under HIGH than PLA after 2 minutes of exercise (P = .019). Conclusions: Given that oxyhemoglobin is an index of local oxygen supply, the results of this study suggest that high-intensity IMW increases the oxygen supply to active limbs. It may also reflect a reduction in RPE in the leg. In addition, high-intensity IMW may improve exercise performance.
The
Chlamydia
-related
Waddlia chondrophila
encodes functional type II toxin-antitoxin systems
Authors: Ardissone Silvia , Greub Gilbert 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT

Bacterial toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems are widespread in chromosomes and plasmids of free-living microorganisms, but only a few have been identified in obligate intracellular species. We found seven putative type II TA modules in
Waddlia chondrophila
, a
Chlamydia
-related species that is able to infect a very broad series of eukaryotic hosts, ranging from protists to mammalian cells. The RNA levels of
Waddlia
TA systems are significantly upregulated by iron starvation and novobiocin, but they are not affected by antibiotics such as β-lactams and glycopeptides, which suggests different mechanisms underlying stress responses. Five of the identified TA modules, including HigBA1 and MazEF1, encoded on the
Waddlia
cryptic plasmid, proved to be functional when expressed in a heterologous host. TA systems have been associated with the maintenance of mobile genetic elements, bacterial defense against bacteriophages, and persistence upon exposure to adverse conditions. As their RNA levels are upregulated upon exposure to adverse conditions,
Waddlia
TA modules may be involved in survival to stress. Moreover, as
Waddlia
can infect a wide range of hosts including free-living amoebae, TA modules could also represent an innate immunity system to fight against bacteriophages and other microorganisms with which
Waddlia
has to share its replicative niche.

IMPORTANCE

The response to adverse conditions, such as exposure to antibiotics, nutrient starvation and competition with other microorganisms, is essential for the survival of a bacterial population. TA systems are modules composed of two elements, a toxic protein and an antitoxin (protein or RNA) that counteracts the toxin. Although many aspects of TA biological functions still await to be elucidated, TAs have often been implicated in bacterial response to stress, including the response to nutrient starvation, antibiotic treatment and bacteriophage infection. TAs are ubiquitous in free-living bacteria but rare in obligate intracellular species such as chlamydiae. We identified functional TA systems in
Waddlia chondrophila
, a chlamydial species with a strikingly broad host range compared to other chlamydiae. Our work contributes to understand how obligate intracellular bacteria react to adverse conditions that might arise from competition with other viruses/bacteria for the same replicative niche and would threaten their ability to replicate.
Metabolic dormancy in
Chlamydia trachomatis
treated with different antibiotics
Authors: Rockey Daniel D. , Wang Xisheng , Debrine Abigail , Grieshaber Nicole , Grieshaber Scott S. 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT

Diseases caused by
Chlamydia
spp. are often associated with persistent infections. Chlamydial persistence is commonly associated with a unique non-infectious intracellular developmental form, termed an aberrant form. Although infectious chlamydiae can be cultured consistently in cells stressed to aberrancy, their role in persistence is not clear. Recovery from antibiotic stress was explored as a model to determine how survival of non-aberrant chlamydiae, in the presence of fully inhibitory drug concentrations, may participate in persistence. Assays included incubation in quinolones, tetracyclines, or chloramphenicol for differing lengths of time, followed by an extended recovery period in antibiotic-free media. Culturable elementary bodies were not detected during treatment with each antibiotic, but viable and culturable
Chlamydia trachomatis
emerged after the drug was removed. Time-lapse imaging of live, antibiotic-treated infected cells identified metabolically dormant developmental forms within cells that emerged to form typical productive inclusions. The effects of the increasing concentration of most tested antibiotics led to predictable inhibitory activity, in which the survival rate decreased with increasing drug concentration. In contrast, in fluoroquinolone-treated cells, there was a paradoxical increase in productive development that was directly correlated with drug concentration and inversely associated with aberrant form production. This model system uncovers a unique chlamydial persistence pathway that does not involve the chlamydial aberrant form. The association between productive latency and metabolic dormancy is consistent with models for many bacterial species and may lead to a different interpretation of mechanisms of chlamydial persistence in patients.

IMPORTANCE

The life history of most pathogens within the genus
Chlamydi
a relies on lengthy persistence in the host. The most generally accepted model for
Chlamydia
spp. persistence involves an unusual developmental stage, termed the aberrant form, which arises during conditions that mimic a stressful host environment. In this work, we provide an alternate model for chlamydial persistence in the face of antibiotic stress. This model may be relevant to antibiotic treatment failures in patients infected with
C. trachomatis
.
Crucial role of water-present melting in metagranite: Implications for the instigation of crustal-scale shear zones
Authors: Vanardois Jonas , Trap Pierre , Marquer Didier 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Where, when, and why large-scale shear zones nucleate and propagate into the continental lithosphere are critical issues that challenge the research in tectonics. The East Variscan shear zone is one of the crustal-scale strike-slip faults that shaped the Variscan orogenic crust during late Carboniferous time. Field-based structural analysis and petrological observations demonstrate that suprasolidus high-strain deformation zones and metagranite occurrences are spatially correlated. Among the three dominant lithologies forming this orogenic middle crust (metapelite, metagraywacke, and metagranite), petrological observations and phase equilibrium modeling indicate that the latter is the first lithology that melts during collision-induced heating, in response to H2O-fluid-saturated melting. Our field data and modeling suggest that the water-fluxed melting of metagranite has a primary rheological control on the localization, instigation, and growth of crustal-scale shear zones in the middle crust. Thus, the distribution and geometry of metagranite at the crustal scale could be regarded as critical parameters influencing the rheological inheritance governing the tectonic evolution and localization of bulk strain in the continental lithosphere.
If we build it together, will they use it? A mixed-methods study evaluating the implementation of Prep-to-Play PRO: an injury prevention programme for women’s elite Australian Football
Authors: Bruder Andrea M , Patterson Brooke E , Crossley Kay M , Mosler Andrea B , Haberfield Melissa J , Hägglund Martin , Culvenor Adam G , Cowan Sallie M , Donaldson Alex 
Published: January 2024

ObjectivesWe evaluated the implementation of Prep-to-Play PRO, an injury prevention programme for women’s elite Australian Football League (AFLW).MethodsThe Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation and Maintenance (RE-AIM) of Prep-to-Play PRO were assessed based on the proportion of AFLW players and/or staff who: were aware of the programme (R), believed it may reduce anterior cruciate ligament injury (E), attempted to implement any/all programme components (A), implemented all intended components as practically as possible (I) and intended future programme implementation (M). Quantitative and qualitative data were triangulated to assess 58 RE-AIM items (evidence of yes/no/unsure/no evidence) and the 5 RE-AIM dimensions (fully achieved=evidence of yes on >50% dimension items, partially achieved=50% of items evidence of yes and 50% unsure or 50% mix of unsure and unanswered, or not met=evidence of yes on <50% dimension items).ResultsMultiple sources including AFLW training observations (n=7 total), post-implementation surveys (141 players, 25 staff), semistructured interviews (19 players, 13 staff) and internal programme records (9 staff) contributed to the RE-AIM assessment. After the 2019 season, 8 of 10 (80%) AFLW clubs fully met all five RE-AIM dimensions. All 10 clubs participating in the AFLW fully achieved the reach (R) dimension. One club partially achieved the implementation (I) dimension, and one club partially achieved the effectiveness (E) and adoption (A) dimensions.ConclusionThe Prep-to-Play PRO injury prevention programme for the AFLW achieved high implementation, possibly due to the programme’s deliberately flexible approach coupled with our pragmatic definition of implementation. Engaging key stakeholders at multiple ecological levels (organisation, coaches, athletes) throughout programme development and implementation likely enhanced programme implementation.
Availability of results of clinical trials registered on EU Clinical Trials Register: cross sectional audit study
Authors: DeVito Nicholas J , Morley Jessica , Smith James Andrew , Drysdale Henry , Goldacre Ben , Heneghan Carl 
Published: January 2024

ObjectiveTo identify the availability of results for trials registered on the European Union Clinical Trials Register (EUCTR) compared with other dissemination routes to understand its value as a results repository.DesignCross sectional audit study.SettingEUCTR protocols and results sections, data extracted 1-3 December 2020.PopulationRandom sample of 500 trials registered on EUCTR with a completion date of more than two years from the beginning of searches (ie, 1 December 2018).Main outcome measuresProportion of trials with results across the examined dissemination routes (EUCTR, ClinicalTrials.gov, ISRCTN registry, and journal publications), and for each dissemination route individually. Prespecified secondary outcomes were number and proportion of unique results, and the timing of results, for each dissemination route.ResultsIn the sample of 500 trials, availability of results on EUCTR (53.2%, 95% confidence interval 48.8% to 57.6%) was similar to the peer reviewed literature (58.6%, 54.3% to 62.9%) and exceeded the proportion of results available on other registries with matched records. Among the 383 trials with any results, 55 (14.4%, 10.9% to 17.9%) were only available on EUCTR. Also, after the launch of the EUCTR results database, median time to results was fastest on EUCTR (1142 days, 95% confidence interval 812 to 1492), comparable with journal publications (1226 days, 1074 to 1551), and exceeding ClinicalTrials.gov (3321 days, 1653 to undefined). For 117 trials (23.4%, 19.7% to 27.1%), however, results were published elsewhere but not submitted to the EUCTR registry, and no results were located in any dissemination route for 117 trials (23.4%, 19.7% to 27.1).ConclusionsEUCTR should be considered in results searches for systematic reviews and can help researchers and the public to access the results of clinical trials, unavailable elsewhere, in a timely way. Reporting requirements, such as the EU's, can help in avoiding research waste by ensuring results are reported. The registry's true value, however, is unrealised because of inadequate compliance with EU guidelines, and problems with data quality that complicate the routine use of the registry. As the EU transitions to a new registry, continuing to emphasise the importance of EUCTR and the provision of timely and complete data is critical. For the future, EUCTR will still hold important information from the past two decades of clinical research in Europe. With increased efforts from sponsors and regulators, the registry can continue to grow as a source of results of clinical trials, many of which might be unavailable from other dissemination routes.