bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Compassion Focused Group Psychotherapy for attachment and relational trauma: Engaging people with a diagnosis of personality disorder
Authors: Lucre Kate , Ashworth Fiona , Copello Alex , Jones Chris , Gilbert Paul 
Published: February 2024

AbstractObjectivesThe research aimed to evaluate an exploratory Compassion Focused Group Psychotherapy Programme and the impact on participants' experiences of self‐criticism, usage of services and general wellbeing. Participants included patients with a history of complex attachment and relational trauma (A&RT), who might attract a diagnosis of personality disorder.DesignThis study utilised a quasi‐experimental non‐randomised within subject controlled design for the evaluation of the efficacy of the programme.MethodsParticipants were recruited from tertiary care services. The programme consisted of a 12‐week Preparation and Engagement intervention (PEG) which was Compassionate Mind Training and Psychoeducation, followed by a 40‐week Compassion Focused Trauma Group intervention. The cohort was then followed up after 12 months during which period they received treatment as usual. A comprehensive selection of self‐report measures was administered at various points during the therapeutic process and following completion of the group interventions.ResultsThe results of the research showed that the provision of a long‐term, slow‐paced, Compassion Focused Group Psychotherapy intervention, resulted in significant changes across all measures which were maintained at 12‐month follow‐up. These significant results were maintained following intention to treat and reliable change analyses. These data were supported by a significant reduction in service usage and a significant increase in engagement in employment and education.ConclusionsThis study has identified that within Compassion Focused Group Psychotherapy, there is a therapeutic process of establishing group‐based safeness as a necessary precursor to cultivating compassion and reworking early shame‐based trauma memories.
Neuropsychiatric symptoms and ApoE genotype in older adults without dementia: a cross‐sectional study
Authors: Stella Florindo , Pais Marcos Vasconcelos , Loureiro Júlia Cunha , Cordeiro Augusto Magno Tranquezi , Talib Leda Leme , Forlenza Orestes Vicente 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe ApoE genotype and neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) are known risk factors for cognitive decline in older adults. However, the interaction between these variables is still unclear. The aim of this study was to determine the association between the presence of the ApoE ε4 allele and the occurrence of NPS in older adults without dementia.MethodsIn this cross‐sectional investigation we determined the apolipoprotein E (ApoE) genotype of 74 older adults who were either cognitively normal (20.3% / Clinician Dementia Rating Scale (CDR): 0) or had mild cognitive impairment (MCI: 79.7% / CDR: 0.5). We used a comprehensive cognitive assessment protocol, and NPS were estimated by the Neuropsychiatric Inventory‐Clinician Rating Scale (NPI‐C), Mild Behavioural Impairment‐Checklist (MBI‐C), Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM‐D), and Apathy Inventory.ResultsApoE ε4 carriers had higher MBI‐C total scores than ApoE ε4 noncarriers. Correlations between NPS and ApoE genotype were observed for two NPI‐C domains, although in opposite directions: the ApoE ε4 allele was associated with a 1.8 unit decrease in the estimated aberrant motor disturbance score and with a 1.3 unit increase in the estimated appetite/eating disorders score. All fitted models were significant, except for the one fitted for the domain delusions from the NPI‐C. Among individuals with amnestic MCI, ε4 carriers presented higher depression score (HAM‐D) than noncarriers; in turn, ε4 noncarriers exhibited higher aggression score (NPI‐C) than ε4 carriers.ConclusionsOur analyses showed associations between NPS and the presence of the ApoE ε4 allele in two NPI‐C domains, despite the sample size. Furthermore, compared to noncarriers, the presence of the ApoE ε4 correlated positively with appetite/eating disorders and negatively with aberrant motor disturbance domain. Examination of the amnestic MCI group displayed significant, although weak, associations. Therefore, ε4 carriers exhibited higher depression scores according to the HAM‐D scale compared to ε4 noncarriers. Conversely, ε4 noncarriers had higher scores in the aggression domain of the NPI‐C than ε4 carriers.
Effect of soil flooding and drying on the metabolic pathways of CO2 fixing microorganisms along an elevation gradient in the Three Gorges Reservoir drawdown area
Authors: Zhang Shengman , Zhang Ziyuan , Chen Xueping , Li Shanze , Qin Yong , Xia Yue , Wang Yuchun , Wang Fushun 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe construction of dams and subsequent water level fluctuations significantly alters the environmental conditions of reservoir ecosystems, affecting the metabolic pathways of CO2 fixing microorganisms (CFMs) and carbon storage in drawdown areas. We investigated the response of soil bacterial communities and carbon fixation pathways to periodic flooding and drying at different elevations by collecting surface soil samples (0–10 cm) in the drawdown area of the Three Gorges Reservoir. The results show that periodic flooding and drying increased the complexity of bacterial co‐occurrence networks. We identified the reductive citrate cycle (rTCA cycle), dicarboxylate‐hydroxybutyrate cycle (DC/4‐HB cycle), 3‐Hydroxypropionate cycle (3‐HP cycle) and reductive pentose phosphate cycle (Calvin cycle) as the main carbon fixation pathways. Notably, as the inundation duration increased, the abundance of the Calvin cycle and its key gene (cbbL) gradually decreased. We also found that soil moisture, pH and the different organic carbon components affected the composition of bacterial communities and the abundance of carbon fixation pathways. These findings elucidate evolutionary trends bacterial communities and the impacts of water level fluctuations on microbial‐mediated carbon cycling processes because of dam construction.
Validación de las escalas de bienestar, de florecimiento y afectividad
Authors: Cassaretto Bardales Mónica , Martínez Uribe Patricia 
Published: February 2024

Objetivo.
El presente estudio analiza las propiedades psicométricas de las escalas de
fl
orecimiento y afecto
positivo y negativo, propuestas por Diener et al. (2010), para la evaluación del bienestar.
Método.
Se realizaron
dos estudios. El primero empleó 656 estudiantes universitarios para analizar la con
fi
abilidad y la estructura
factorial de las escalas. En el segundo, con 201 estudiantes universitarios, se calculó la validez convergente
y divergente de las escalas con otras medidas de bienestar y se efectuó un análisis factorial con
fi
rmatorio.
Resultados.
Ambos estudios mostraron adecuadas propiedades psicométricas en las escalas. Los coe
fi
cientes
de con
fi
abilidad fueron de 0.89 para la escala de
fl
orecimiento y 0.91 y 0.87 para las escalas de afecto positivo
y negativo, respectivamente. La varianza explicada en el análisis factorial exploratorio para cada una de las
escalas mencionadas fue, en su orden, de 52.82%, 69.49% y 61.56%. Las correlaciones de las escalas de
fl
orecimiento y afecto positivo fueron positivas y signi
fi
cativas con la Escala de Optimismo (LOT-R), la Escala
de Afecto Positivo PANAS, la Escala de Satisfacción con la Vida (SWLS) y la Escala de Bienestar (Bieps-A),
y negativas y signi
fi
cativas con la Escala de Afecto Negativo.
Conclusión.
El análisis factorial con
fi
rmatorio
mostró índices de ajuste adecuados tanto para la escala de
fl
orecimiento como para la de afectividad. Estos
resultados permiten con
fi
rmar la validez y utilidad de las escalas para la evaluación del bienestar en población
hispana.
Operacionalización psicodinámica del eje estructura en un paciente drogo dependiente
Authors: Vanegas Osorio Jorge Humberto 
Published: February 2024

Objetivo.
Comprender la relación entre el perfil psicodinámico y la adicción a las drogas en pacientes internos
en una comunidad terapéutica, considerando la operacionalización del eje estructura según el Diagnóstico
Psicodinámico Operacionalizado (OPD-2).
Método.
Se
implementó el estudio cualitativo de cuatro procesos
individuales de psicoterapia psicodinámica. Cada caso fue analizado por separado y se operacionalizaron
los ejes diagnósticos del OPD-2; instrumento validado internacionalmente para la investigación, evaluación,
focalización e indicación del tratamiento.
Resultados.
El análisis de caso permitió concluir que las limitaciones
en las capacidades cognitivas, emocionales y vinculares corresponden a un nivel estructural medio-bajo.
Discusión.
Pa ra
la intervención psicoterapéutica es importante comprender la dinámica psíquica que sostiene
la conducta adictiva con base en un acertado diagnóstico dimensional.
El programa EQUIPAR para Educadores: sus efectos en el pensamiento y la conducta social
Authors: Van der Meulen Kevin 
Published: February 2024

Objetivo.
EQUIPAR para Educadores (EpE; DiBiase et al., 2010) es un programa educativo cuyo objetivo
es equipar a los jóvenes con habilidades y conocimientos para su vida diaria, a fin de prevenir conductas
antisociales. El presente estudio se propone analizar los efectos de la aplicación del programa en las
distorsiones cognitivas, el clima de aula y las actuaciones del alumnado en situaciones de acoso escolar.
Método.
Participaron 123 estudiantes de 3º y 4º de ESO. Se utilizó un diseño cuasi-experimental pretest/postest
con un grupo control (128 estudiantes).
Resultados.
Se observaron cambios positivos en las actuaciones ante
el acoso escolar, pero las distorsiones cognitivas y el clima de aula percibido no mostraron cambios después
de la aplicación del programa.
Conclusión.
Una percepción muy positiva del clima de aula y el bajo nivel
de distorsiones cognitivas antes de la intervención podrían explicar la falta de efectos, junto a aspectos
relacionados con la implantación del programa EpE.
Validación y confiabilidad de una escala para medir violencia docente en Sonora, México
Authors: Fregoso Borrego Daniel 
Published: February 2024

Objetivo.
Validar una escala a través de la Teoría de Respuesta al Ítem, que proporcione información
acerca de las conductas violentas que emplean los maestros contra los alumnos, según la percepción de
estos, identificando el tipo de violencia emitida.
Método.
Se seleccionaron 1536 estudiantes de 14 escuelas
secundarias de zonas vulnerables en siete localidades del Estado de Sonora (México). Los tres grados de
este nivel fueron partícipes del estudio. Se utilizó la Escala de Violencia Docente tipo Likert para medir el
tipo de agresión, y el Indicador General de Violencia (IGV) para obtener una visión general de violencia.
Resultados.
Se aplicó el modelo de Teoría de Respuesta al Ítem y
el Análisis Factorial Confirmatorio (AFC)
para obtener información acerca de la percepción de los alumnos de secundaria sobre los diferentes tipos de
violencia de los docentes. Se obtuvieron cuatro dimensiones: violencia física, humillación, sexual y burla,
con un alfa de Cronbach de 0.87, 0.82, 0.85 y 0.85, respectivamente; varianza total explicada de 46.42
%, e
índices de bondad de ajuste de CMIN/DF:
3.08, CFI:
0.92, RMSEA:
0.05, SRMR:
0.04, GFI:
0.89 y AIC:
1369.
Conclusión.
La Escala de Violencia Docente resultó en un modelo de cuatro dimensiones, válido y confiable,
para estudiantes de secundaria preadolescentes, en zonas de riesgo de violencia intrafamiliar.
The 25-kDa linear polyethylenimine exerts specific antiviral activity against pseudorabies virus through interferencing its adsorption via electrostatic interaction
Authors: Huan Changchao , Yan Ping , Yang Fan , Pan Haochun , Hou Yutong , Jiang Luyao , Yao Jingting , Chen Haozhen , Li Jiarun , Gao Song 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Pseudorabies virus (PRV) is the causative agent of Aujeszky’s disease, which is responsible for enormous economic losses to the global pig industry. Although vaccination has been used to prevent PRV infection, the effectiveness of vaccines has been greatly diminished with the emergence of PRV variants. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop anti-PRV drugs. Polyethylenimine (PEI) is a cationic polymer and has a wide range of antibacterial and antiviral activities. This study found that a low dose of 1 µg/mL of the 25-kDa linear PEI had significantly specific anti-PRV activity, which became more intense with increasing concentrations. Mechanistic studies revealed that the viral adsorption stage was the major target of PEI without affecting viral entry, replication stages, and direct inactivation effects. Subsequently, we found that cationic polymers PEI and Polybrene interfered with the interaction between viral proteins and cell surface receptors through electrostatic interaction to exert the antiviral function. In conclusion, cationic polymers such as PEI can be a category of options for defense against PRV. Understanding the anti-PRV mechanism also deepens host-virus interactions and reveals new drug targets for anti-PRV.

IMPORTANCE
Polyethylenimine (PEI) is a cationic polymer that plays an essential role in the host immune response against microbial infections. However, the specific mechanisms of PEI in interfering with pseudorabies virus (PRV) infection remain unclear. Here, we found that 25-kDa linear PEI exerted mechanisms of antiviral activity and the target of its antiviral activity was mainly in the viral adsorption stage. Correspondingly, the study demonstrated that PEI interfered with the virus adsorption stage by electrostatic adsorption. In addition, we found that cationic polymers are a promising novel agent for controlling PRV, and its antiviral mechanism may provide a strategy for the development of antiviral drugs.
Prototype and BA.5 protein nanoparticle vaccines protect against Omicron BA.5 variant in Syrian hamsters
Authors: Bricker Traci L. , Joshi Astha , Soudani Nadia , Scheaffer Suzanne M. , Patel Nita , Guebre-Xabier Mimi , Smith Gale , Diamond Michael S. , Boon Adrianus C. M. 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants with greater transmissibility or immune evasion properties has jeopardized the existing vaccine and antibody-based countermeasures. Here, we evaluated the efficacy of boosting pre-immune hamsters with protein nanoparticle vaccines (Novavax, Inc.) containing recombinant Prototype (Wuhan-1) or BA.5 S proteins against a challenge with the Omicron BA.5 variant of SARS-CoV-2. Serum antibody binding and neutralization titers were quantified before challenge, and viral loads were measured 3 days after challenge. Boosting with Prototype or BA.5 vaccine induced similar antibody binding responses against ancestral Wuhan-1 or BA.5 S proteins, and neutralizing activity of Omicron BA.1 and BA.5 variants. One and three months after vaccine boosting, hamsters were challenged with the Omicron BA.5 variant. Prototype and BA.5 vaccine-boosted hamsters had reduced viral infection in the nasal washes, nasal turbinates, and lungs compared to unvaccinated animals. Although no significant differences in virus load were detected between the Prototype and BA.5 vaccine-boosted animals, fewer breakthrough infections were detected in the BA.5-vaccinated hamsters. Thus, immunity induced by Prototype or BA.5 S protein nanoparticle vaccine boosting can protect against the Omicron BA.5 variant in the Syrian hamster model.

IMPORTANCE
As SARS-CoV-2 continues to evolve, there may be a need to update the vaccines to match the newly emerging variants. Here, we compared the protective efficacy of the updated BA.5 and the original Wuhan-1 COVID-19 vaccine against a challenge with the BA.5 Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 in hamsters. Both vaccines induced similar levels of neutralizing antibodies against multiple variants of SARS-CoV-2. One and three months after the final immunization, hamsters were challenged with BA.5. No differences in protection against the BA.5 variant virus were observed between the two vaccines, although fewer breakthrough infections were detected in the BA.5-vaccinated hamsters. Together, our data show that both protein nanoparticle vaccines are effective against the BA.5 variant of SARS-CoV-2 but given the increased number of breakthrough infections and continued evolution, it is important to update the COVID-19 vaccine for long-term protection.
Breast milk transmission and involvement of mammary glands in tick-borne flavivirus infected mice
Authors: Miao Yuanjiu , Zheng Yue , Wang Ting , Yi Wenfu , Zhang Nailou , Zhang Wanpo , Zheng Zhenhua 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Tick-borne flaviviruses (TBFs) are transmitted to humans through milk and tick bites. Although a case of possible mother-to-child transmission of tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) through breast milk has been reported, this route has not been confirmed in experimental models. Therefore, in this study, using type I interferon receptor-deficient A129 mice infected with Langat virus (LGTV), we aimed to demonstrate the presence of infectious virus in the milk and mammary glands of infected mice. Our results showed viral RNA of LGTV in the pup’s stomach milk clots (SMCs) and blood, indicating that the virus can be transmitted from dam to pup through breast milk. In addition, we observed that LGTV infection causes tissue lesions in the mammary gland, and viral particles were present in mammary gland epithelial cells. Furthermore, we found that milk from infected mice could infect adult mice via the intragastric route, which has a milder infection process, longer infection time, and a lower rate of weight loss than other modes of infection. Specifically, we developed a nano-luciferase-LGTV reporter virus system to monitor the dynamics of different infection routes and observed dam-to-pup infection using
in vivo
bioluminescence imaging. This study provides comprehensive evidence to support breast milk transmission of TBF in mice and has helped provide useful data for studying TBF transmission routes.

IMPORTANCE

To date, no experimental models have confirmed mother-to-child transmission of tick-borne flavivirus (TBF) through breastfeeding. In this study, we used a mouse model to demonstrate the presence of infectious viruses in mouse breast milk and mammary gland epithelial cells. Our results showed that pups could become infected through the gastrointestinal route by suckling milk, and the infection dynamics could be monitored using a reporter virus system during breastfeeding
in vivo
. We believe our findings have provided substantial evidence to understand the underlying mechanism of breast milk transmission of TBF in mice, which has important implications for understanding and preventing TBF transmission in humans.
Disenfranchised DNA: biochemical analysis of mutant øX174 DNA-binding proteins may further elucidate the evolutionary significance of the unessential packaging protein A*
Authors: Love Samuel D. , Posey Sierra , Burch April D. , Fane Bentley A. 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Most icosahedral DNA viruses package and condense their genomes into pre-formed, volumetrically constrained capsids. However, concurrent genome biosynthesis and packaging are specific to single-stranded (ss) DNA micro- and parvoviruses. Before packaging, ~120 copies of the øX174 DNA-binding protein J interact with double-stranded DNA. 60 J proteins enter the procapsid with the ssDNA genome, guiding it between 60 icosahedrally ordered DNA-binding pockets formed by the capsid proteins. Although J proteins are small, 28–37 residues in length, they have two domains. The basic, positively charged N-terminus guides the genome between binding pockets, whereas the C-terminus acts as an anchor to the capsid’s inner surface. Three C-terminal aromatic residues, W30, Y31, and F37, interact most extensively with the coat protein. Their corresponding codons were mutated, and the resulting strains were biochemically and genetically characterized. Depending on the mutation, the substitutions produced unstable packaging complexes, unstable virions, infectious progeny, or particles packaged with smaller genomes, the latter being a novel phenomenon. The smaller genomes contained internal deletions. The juncture sequences suggest that the unessential A* (A star) protein mediates deletion formation.

IMPORTANCE

Unessential but strongly conserved gene products are understudied, especially when mutations do not confer discernable phenotypes or the protein’s contribution to fitness is too small to reliably determine in laboratory-based assays. Consequently, their functions and evolutionary impact remain obscure. The data presented herein suggest that microvirus A* proteins, discovered over 40 years ago, may hasten the termination of non-productive packaging events. Thus, performing a salvage function by liberating the reusable components of the failed packaging complexes, such as DNA templates and replication enzymes.
High pathogenicity avian influenza A (H5N1) clade 2.3.4.4b virus infection in a captive Tibetan black bear (
Ursus thibetanus
): investigations based on paraffin-embedded tissues, France, 2022
Authors: Bessière Pierre , Gaide Nicolas , Croville Guillaume , Crispo Manuela , Fusade-Boyer Maxime , Abou Monsef Yanad , Dirat Malorie , Beltrame Marielle , Dendauw Philippine , Lemberger Karin , Guérin Jean-Luc , Le Loc'h Guillaume 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

High pathogenicity avian influenza viruses (HPAIVs) H5Nx of clade 2.3.4.4b have been circulating increasingly in both wild and domestic birds in recent years. In turn, this has led to an increase in the number of spillover events affecting mammals. In November 2022, an HPAIV H5N1 caused an outbreak in a zoological park in the south of France, resulting in the death of a Tibetan black bear (
Ursus thibetanus
) and several captive and wild bird species. We detected the virus in various tissues of the bear and a wild black-headed gull (
Chroicocephalus ridibundus
) found dead in its enclosure using histopathology, two different
in situ
detection techniques, and next-generation sequencing, all performed on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues. Phylogenetic analysis performed on the hemagglutinin gene segment showed that bear and gull strains shared 99.998% genetic identity, making the bird strain the closest related strain. We detected the PB2 E627K mutation in minute quantities in the gull, whereas it predominated in the bear, which suggests that this mammalian adaptation marker was selected during the bear infection. Our results provide the first molecular and histopathological characterization of an H5N1 virus infection in this bear species.

IMPORTANCE
Avian influenza viruses are able to cross the species barrier between birds and mammals because of their high genetic diversity and mutation rate. Using formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues, we were able to investigate a Tibetan black bear's infection by a high pathogenicity H5N1 avian influenza virus at the molecular, phylogenetic, and histological levels. Our results highlight the importance of virological surveillance programs in mammals and the importance of raising awareness among veterinarians and zookeepers of the clinical presentations associated with H5Nx virus infection in mammals.