bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contributions of intercalated duct cells to the normal parenchyma of submandibular glands of adult rats
Authors: Man Yan‐Gao , Ball William D. , Marchetti Luigi , Hand Arthur R. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe parenchyma of the submandibular gland in the adult male rat is self‐renewing, with most newly formed acinar and granular duct cells believed to differentiate from the rapidly proliferating intercalated duct (ID) compartment. Since the ID cells are phenotypically diverse, based on their different expression of perinatal secretory proteins, we systemically injected tritiated thymidine for 24 hours, and followed the pattern of thymidine distribution in cells by autoradiography and immunocytochemistry of defined cellular phenotypes over a 1‐month chase period. Proliferating cells were found within all parenchymal cell compartments; they were most numerous in ID, and primarily in those cells lacking immunoreactivity for the perinatal proteins SMG‐B1, ‐C, and ‐D. The labeling index (LI) of the ID cells reached a peak at 7 days postinjection, and then decreased over the next 3 weeks. Concurrently, the LI increased significantly in those cells at the junctions of ID with both acini and granular ducts, and also within these larger parenchymal elements. We conclude that the ID cells not reactive for perinatal proteins proliferate to expand the ID compartment, and that ID cells at the ends of the ducts differentiate into both acinar and granular duct cells. Our data provide no evidence for the differentiation of ID cells into cells of striated ducts (SD); however, the small number of excretory duct (ED) profiles seen in our preparations showed extremely high LI (>25%), suggesting that more extensive data might reveal a precursor role for the ED in replacement of SD cells. In addition to the stepwise passage of cells from ID to other parenchymal elements at their junctions, the reported occurrence of occasional clusters of B1‐positive acini (BAC) among the typical B1‐negative acini had suggested an alternate pathway, in which entire segments of newly expanded ID might develop directly into a recapitulated perinatal stage of B1‐reactive cell, pursuant to becoming mature acinar cells. Consistent with this suggestion, the BAC had a fourfold greater LI than typical adult acini; moreover, when analyzed by electron microscopic immunocytochemistry, they appeared similar to the novel perinatal Type III cells both ultrastructurally and in their pattern of B1‐immunogold labeling. In contrast, the less common acini showing a sublingual gland phenotype had no significant difference in LI from typical acinar cells. Overall, our results emphasize the importance of the nonimmunoreactive ID cells in normal cellular replacement, and the possibility that ID can undergo en bloc differentiation into replacement acini as well as incremental addition of single cells at the boundaries of ID with acini and with granular ducts. Anat Rec 263:202–214, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Proteinase inhibitors in Nauphoeta cinerea midgut
Authors: Elpidina Elena N. , Vinokurov Konstantin S. , Rudenskaya Yuliya A. , Dunaevsky Yakov E. , Zhuzhikov Dmitry P. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractProteinase inhibitors were studied in the midgut of Nauphoeta cinerea Oliv. (Blattoptera: Blaberidae) in experimental conditions, excluding their nutritional origin. One trypsin inhibitor (TI) with Mr 8,000 and two subtilisin inhibitors (SI1 and SI2) with Mr 13,000 and 8,000 were detected after fractionation of total protein preparation on Sephadex G‐50. Ninety‐four percent of both types of inhibitors was located in anterior midgut (AM). TI was 120‐fold purified by FPLC‐chromatography on Mono Q. Its isoelectric point was 4.3. TI lost a large part of activity in acidic and especially in alkaline medium. TI, SI1, and SI2 effectively inhibited activities of endogenous proteinases from posterior midgut (PM) of the cockroach. A search for inhibitor of endogenous unusual SH‐dependent proteinase from AM revealed in AM a new inhibitor with Mr 18,000. It was also inactivated in alkaline medium and was effective against proteinases from PM along with unusual SH‐dependent proteinase from AM. A mechanism of regulation of activity of midgut proteinases is proposed based on pH‐stability of inhibitors. Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. 48:217–222, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparative assessment of leflunomide and methotrexate for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, by dynamic enhanced magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Reece Richard J. , Kraan Maarten C. , Radjenovic Aleksandra , Veale Douglas J. , O'Connor P. J. , Ridgway John P. , Gibbon W. W. , Breedveld Ferdinand C. , Tak Paul P. , Emery Paul 
Published: August 2002

AbstractObjectiveEthical constraints on the conduct of placebo‐controlled trials evaluating new therapies for serious chronic diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), indicate the need for discerning methods to assess treatment effect in active‐controlled clinical trials. Dynamic gadolinium‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DEMRI) is a sensitive technique for the detection of synovial inflammation in RA. Therefore, this investigation was undertaken to evaluate DEMRI as an efficacy assessment tool for differentiating treatment effect in a randomized, active‐controlled trial comparing leflunomide and methotrexate.MethodsPatients with active RA (n = 39) were randomized in a 2‐center, prospective, double‐blind clinical trial to receive either leflunomide (n = 18) or methotrexate (n = 21) therapy for 4 months. DEMRI scans were obtained at baseline and at 4 months, and the initial rate of enhancement (IRE) and the maximal signal intensity (SI) enhancement (ME) were calculated from the SI curves. Clinical improvement was assessed by conventional outcome measures.ResultsThirty‐four patients (17 treated with leflunomide and 17 with methotrexate) had usable baseline and end point DEMRI scans. Leflunomide treatment was associated with a significantly greater improvement in IRE compared with methotrexate treatment (P < 0.05). Average values of ME indicated reduction of inflammation with both leflunomide and methotrexate. The improvement in clinical signs and symptoms, as measured by traditional assessments, was comparable for both active treatments.ConclusionResults of this study validate the sensitivity of DEMRI in detecting inflammatory changes in active RA in response to treatment. Improvement in synovial inflammation as measured by IRE was significantly better with leflunomide than with methotrexate over 4 months of therapy.
Presence of microchimerism in labial salivary glands in systemic sclerosis but not in Sjögren's syndrome
Authors: Aractingi Sélim , Sibilia Jean , Meignin Véronique , Launay David , Hachulla Eric , Le Danff Caroline , Janin Anne , Mariette Xavier 
Published: August 2002

AbstractObjectiveTo determine whether microchimerism can be implicated in Sjögren's syndrome (SS) by studying minor salivary glands, one of the targets of the disease.MethodsLabial salivary gland (LSG) biopsy specimens from 16 female patients with primary SS and 11 with systemic sclerosis (SSc) (a disease in which microchimerism is frequently detected) were analyzed. All 27 women had a history of pregnancy with a male baby. Specimens were microdissected, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed using the unique sex‐determining region Y gene probe.ResultsThe sensitivity of PCR for detecting male cells in LSG was high; the presence of 3 male cells was consistently detected in DNA extracted from a normal female LSG specimen to which male DNA had been added, and 1 male cell was detected in 50% of specimens analyzed. Male DNA was not found in any of the specimens from the 16 SS patients but was detected in 5 (45%) of 11 SSc specimens (P = 0.006). No differences in the rate of detection were found between patients with diffuse and limited SSc (male DNA detected in 2 of 3 and 3 of 8, respectively; P = 0.55) or between patients with and those without secondary SS (1 of 6 and 4 of 5, respectively; P = 0.08).ConclusionThe results of our study strengthen the possibility that microchimerism is implicated in SSc. This is the first study to demonstrate the presence of chimeric cells in LSG from 45% of SSc patients, independent of the presence of secondary SS. However, microchimerism was not detected in LSG from patients with primary SS, suggesting that the pathogenesis of the 2 diseases is different.
Antiphospholipid syndrome: Clinical and immunologic manifestations and patterns of disease expression in a cohort of 1,000 patients
Authors: Cervera Ricard , Piette Jean‐Charles , Font Josep , Khamashta Munther A. , Shoenfeld Yehuda , Camps María Teresa , Jacobsen Soren , Lakos Gabriella , Tincani Angela , Kontopoulou‐Griva Irene , Galeazzi Mauro , Meroni Pier Luigi , Derksen Ronald H. W. M. , de Groot Philip G. , Gromnica‐Ihle Erika , Baleva Marta , Mosca Marta , Bombardieri Stefano , Houssiau Frédéric , Gris Jean‐Christophe , Quéré Isabelle , Hachulla Eric , Vasconcelos Carlos , Roch Beate , Fernández‐Nebro Antonio , Boffa Marie‐Claire , Hughes Graham R. V. , Ingelmo Miguel 
Published: August 2002

AbstractObjectiveTo analyze the clinical and immunologic manifestations of antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) in a large cohort of patients and to define patterns of disease expression.MethodsThe clinical and serologic features of APS (Sapporo preliminary criteria) in 1,000 patients from 13 European countries were analyzed using a computerized database.ResultsThe cohort consisted of 820 female patients (82.0%) and 180 male patients (18.0%) with a mean ± SD age of 42 ± 14 years at study entry. “Primary” APS was present in 53.1% of the patients; APS was associated with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in 36.2%, with lupus‐like syndrome in 5.0%, and with other diseases in 5.9%. A variety of thrombotic manifestations affecting the majority of organs were recorded. A catastrophic APS occurred in 0.8% of the patients. Patients with APS associated with SLE had more episodes of arthritis and livedo reticularis, and more frequently exhibited thrombocytopenia and leukopenia. Female patients had a higher frequency of arthritis, livedo reticularis, and migraine. Male patients had a higher frequency of myocardial infarction, epilepsy, and arterial thrombosis in the lower legs and feet. In 28 patients (2.8%), disease onset occurred before age 15; these patients had more episodes of chorea and jugular vein thrombosis than the remaining patients. In 127 patients (12.7%), disease onset occurred after age 50; most of these patients were men. These patients had a higher frequency of stroke and angina pectoris, but a lower frequency of livedo reticularis, than the remaining patients.ConclusionAPS may affect any organ of the body and display a broad spectrum of manifestations. An association with SLE, the patient's sex, and the patient's age at disease onset can modify the disease expression and define specific subsets of APS.
Arthritis in MRL/lpr mice is under the control of multiple gene loci with an allelic combination derived from the original inbred strains
Authors: Kamogawa Junji , Terada Miho , Mizuki Shinichi , Nishihara Miyuki , Yamamoto Haruyasu , Mori Shiro , Abe Yoriko , Morimoto Koji , Nakatsuru Syuichi , Nakamura Yusuke , Nose Masato 
Published: August 2002

AbstractObjectiveTo clarify the mode of inheritance and the genome origins of arthritis in a lupus‐prone strain of mice, MRL/MpJ, bearing a Fas deletion mutant gene, lpr (MRL/lpr).MethodsUsing non–lupus‐prone strains of mice, C3H/HeJ‐lpr/lpr (C3H/lpr), (MRL/lpr × C3H/lpr)F1 intercross and MRL/lpr × (MRL/lpr × C3H/lpr)F1 backcross mice were prepared. Arthritis in individual mice was analyzed by histopathologic grading, and the genomic DNA of the backcross mice was examined by simple sequence‐length polymorphism analysis to determine the polymorphic microsatellite markers highly associated with arthritis.ResultsArthritis‐susceptibility loci with significant linkage were mapped between D15Mit111 and D15Mit18 (map position 17.8–18.7 cM) on chromosome 15 and between D19Mit112 and D19Mit72 (map position 43.0–55.0) on chromosome 19 (logarithm of odds scores 3.5 and 4.3, respectively). Three other loci, one mapped to each of chromosomes 1, 2, and 7, showed suggestive linkage. Loci homozygous for MRL alleles on chromosomes 1 and 19 enhanced arthritis in both sexes, whereas other loci on chromosomes 2 and 15 selectively affected males. A locus homozygous for MRL alleles on chromosome 7 inhibited arthritis in both sexes. Three of these loci were found to originate from an LG/J strain and 1 from an AKR/J strain. Some combinations of these loci showed an additive effect in a hierarchical manner on the development of arthritis.ConclusionArthritis in MRL/lpr mice is a complex pathologic manifestation resulting from the cumulative effect of multiple gene loci with an allelic combination derived from the original inbred strains.
Suppression of collagen‐induced arthritis by single administration of poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) nanoparticles entrapping type II collagen: A novel treatment strategy for induction of oral tolerance
Authors: Kim Wan‐Uk , Lee Woo‐Kyoung , Ryoo Jae‐Woong , Kim Seung‐Hoon , Kim Jin , Youn Jeehee , Min So‐Youn , Bae Eui‐Young , Hwang Sue‐Yun , Park Sung‐Hwan , Cho Chul‐Soo , Park Jong‐Sang , Kim Ho‐Youn 
Published: August 2002

AbstractObjectivePoly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) (PLGA), a biodegradable polymer, is a carrier for drug delivery systems. This study was undertaken to investigate the tolerogenic effect of single administration of PLGA entrapping type II collagen (CII) on the development of collagen‐induced arthritis (CIA).MethodsThe biophysical properties of PLGA nanoparticles entrapping CII (PLGA‐CII) were investigated by in vitro release testing of CII, immunohistochemistry analysis, and electron microscopy. PLGA‐CII was fed singly to animals 14 days before immunization, and the effect on joint inflammation was assessed. Circulating IgG anti‐CII antibodies and T cell responses to CII in draining lymph nodes were assayed by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay and 3H‐thymidine incorporation assay, respectively. The expression of messenger RNA (mRNA) for transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) was determined by reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction.ResultsThe in vitro release test showed that CII was slowly discharged from PLGA‐CII over a period of a month. After single administration of PLGA‐CII, numerous particles ∼300 nm in size were detectable in Peyer's patches, by electron microscopy and immunohistochemical staining for CII, 14 days after the original feeding. Mice fed a single dose of PLGA containing 40 μg of CII had significantly reduced values for incidence and severity of arthritis, serum IgG anti‐CII antibodies, and CII‐specific T cell proliferation as compared with mice fed solvent alone, those fed 6 doses of 20 μg CII alone, and those fed a single dose of PLGA alone. PLGA‐CII was also able to suppress CIA after disease onset. Moreover, PLGA‐CII–fed mice showed a higher level of TGFβ mRNA expression in Peyer's patches, but a lower level of TNFα mRNA expression in draining lymph nodes, compared with the other groups of mice.ConclusionOur data show that PLGA may serve as a powerful vehicle to promote the tolerance effect of oral CII and that single administration of PLGA‐CII may hold promise as a new treatment strategy in rheumatoid arthritis.
Laboratory testing in rheumatoid arthritis patients taking disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs: Clinical evaluation and cost analysis
Authors: Aletaha Daniel , Smolen Josef S. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractObjectiveTo develop and validate evidence‐based recommendations for routine laboratory tests in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) receiving traditional disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), and to calculate the monitoring costs.MethodsOutpatient charts of 362 RA patients taking DMARDs were reviewed, and all laboratory abnormalities recorded. Recommendations on monitoring DMARD therapy were derived and then tested in an independent validation cohort of 231 patients. Cost analysis was performed using a cost catalog.ResultsLaboratory abnormalities were seen in 10% of treatment courses; relevant abnormalities were seen only during the first 4 months of therapy. Laboratory tests should be performed in week 2 and 4, then monthly for the first 4 months of therapy, then 2 to 4 times per year. These were capable of detecting 98.3% of laboratory abnormalities in a timely manner in another RA cohort. Up to 78% of costs can be saved when the presented recommendations are compared with those of international rheumatology societies.ConclusionLaboratory tests can be reduced substantially in patients receiving DMARD therapy. In consequence, costs can decrease significantly without oversight of adverse events.
Web page change and persistence—A four‐year longitudinal study
Authors: Koehler Wallace 
Published: August 2002

AbstractChanges in the topography of the Web can be expressed in at least four ways: (1) more sites on more servers in more places, (2) more pages and objects added to existing sites and pages, (3) changes in traffic, and (4) modifications to existing text, graphic, and other Web objects. This article does not address the first three factors (more sites, more pages, more traffic) in the growth of the Web. It focuses instead on changes to an existing set of Web documents. The article documents changes to an aging set of Web pages, first identified and “collected” in December 1996 and followed weekly thereafter. Results are reported through February 2001. The article addresses two related phenomena: (1) the life cycle of Web objects, and (2) changes to Web objects. These data reaffirm that the half‐life of a Web page is approximately 2years. There is variation among Web pages by top‐level domain and by page type (navigation, content). Web page content appears to stabilize over time; aging pages change less often than once they did.
Research anxiety and students' perceptions of research: An experiment. Part I. Effect of teaching Kuhlthau's ISP model
Authors: Kracker Jacqueline 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis two‐part study investigates the effect of a 30‐minute presentation of Carol Kuhlthau's Information Search Process (ISP) model on students' perceptions of research and research paper anxiety. An experiment was designed to collect both quantitative and qualitative data during a semester. An upper division undergraduate course, Technical and Professional Writing, with four sections participated in the experiment in fall 1999. A survey instrument, the Research Process Survey (RPS), was developed to collect data about students' feelings and thoughts at the onset of their course research project (pretest) and at the completion of the project (posttest). A standard anxiety test (STAI Y‐1) was adopted to measure anxiety levels during pretest and posttest sessions and at two additional points between. Two of the four sections heard a guest presentation of the ISP model as treatment after the pretest; the other two sections heard a different guest speak about career experiences as a technical writer (a placebo talk). The results of this experiment are reported in two articles according to the nature of the collected data. This article reports on results of the quantitative analysis. Four hypotheses were proposed to examine the effects on awareness of cognitive aspects, awareness of affective aspects, level of anxiety, and satisfaction with research. One hypothesis was supported. A significant change in anxiety levels was measured (p = 0.5). Although statistical tests did not reject three null hypotheses, positive trends in change as a result of the ISP model were identified. A second article reports on results of qualitative analysis of the texts that participants wrote about a memorable past research experience and about the current research experience.
Hyperlink–affiliation network structure of top web sites: Examining affiliates with hyperlink in Korea
Authors: Park Han Woo , Barnett George A. , Nam In‐Yong 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis article argues that individual Web sites form hyperlink–affiliations with others for the purpose of strengthening their individual trust, expertness, and safety. It describes the hyperlink–affiliation network structure of Korea's top 152 Web sites. The data were obtained from their Web sites for October 2000. The results indicate that financial Web sites, such as credit card and stock Web sites, occupy the most central position in the network. A cluster analysis reveals that the structure of the hyperlink–affiliation network is influenced by the financial Web sites with which others are affiliated. These findings are discussed from the perspective of Web site credibility.
A new method for analyzing scientific productivity
Authors: Huber John C. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractPreviously, a new method for measuring scientific productivity was demonstrated for authors in mathematical logic and some subareas of 19th‐century physics. The purpose of this article is to apply this new method to other fields to support its general applicability. We show that the method yields the same results for modern physicists, biologists, psychologists, inventors, and composers. That is, each individual's production is constant over time, and the time‐period fluctuations follow the Poisson distribution. However, the productivity (e.g., papers per year) varies widely across individuals. We show that the distribution of productivity does not follow the normal (i.e., bell curve) distribution, but rather follows the exponential distribution. Thus, most authors produce at the lowest rate and very few authors produce at the higher rates. We also show that the career duration of individuals follows the exponential distribution. Thus, most authors have a very short career and very few have a long career. The principal advantage of the new method is that the detail structure of author productivity can be examined, such as trends, etc. Another advantage is that information science studies have guidance for the length of time interval being examined and estimating when an author's entire body of work has been recorded.
Analysis of regression in game theory approach
Authors: Lipovetsky Stan , Conklin Michael 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWorking with multiple regression analysis a researcher usually wants to know a comparative importance of predictors in the model. However, the analysis can be made difficult because of multicollinearity among regressors, which produces biased coefficients and negative inputs to multiple determination from presum ably useful regressors. To solve this problem we apply a tool from the co‐operative games theory, the Shapley Value imputation. We demonstrate the theoretical and practical advantages of the Shapley Value and show that it provides consistent results in the presence of multicollinearity. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.