bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stereotactic core needle biopsy in non‐palpable breast lesions. what number is needed?
Authors: Leifland K. , Lundquist H. , Lagerstedt U. , Svane G. 
Published: April 2004

Purpose: To investigate whether three stereotactic core needle biopsies (S‐CNB) in non‐palpable breast lesion are enough for accurate preoperative diagnosis. Material and Methods: Between September 1994 and December 2000, 523 patients with mammographically detected breast lesions and who proceeded to surgery were preoperatively stereotactically biopsied with an automated 14‐gauge biopsy device. Three samples were taken from each lesion irrespective of whether the lesion presented as “microcalcifications only”, “microcalcifications and a mass”, or a “mass, architectural distorsion, or stellate lesion without microcalcifications”. The histopathology was divided into three subgroups: diagnostic, atypia (ranging from atypical cells to probably cancer), and non‐diagnostic material. Results: Post‐surgical histopathology diagnosed 454 (87%) malignant tumors and 69 (13%) benign lesions. Three S‐CNB correctly diagnosed the malignant tumors in 84% in the subgroup “microcalcifications only”. In the category “microcalcifications and a mass”, the diagnostic accuracy was 97% and in the subgroup “mass, architectural distorsion, or stellate lesion without microcalcifications” 3 S‐CNB resulted in 93% correct diagnostic material. In 19 of the 454 patients (4%) 1, 2 or all 3 preoperative S‐CNB showed atypia. In 20 patients (4%), all 3 S‐CNB were non‐diagnostic. Thirteen of these 20 patients had “microcalcifications only” and 7 had a mass without microcalcifications. Conclusion: Three S‐CNB were enough for correct diagnosis in “masses, architectural distorsions, or stellate lesions without microcalcifications” and in “microcalcifications and a mass”, but were not sufficient in “microcalcifications only”.
Magnetic resonance evaluation of cerebral toxoplasmosis in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
Authors: Batra A. , Tripathi R. P. , Gorthi S. P. 
Published: April 2004

Purpose: To evaluate and delineate the characteristics of cerebral toxoplasmosis lesions using a combination of magnetic resonance (MR) spectroscopy, diffusion, and perfusion studies. Material and Methods: A total of 8 patients with 23 lesions were evaluated on a 1.5‐T MR system. Diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) was performed with three ‘b’ values of 50, 500, and 1000 s/mm2, and the apparent diffusion coefficient maps were calculated. The diffusion‐weighted appearances and the T2‐weighted MR appearances of the lesions were compared. MR spectroscopy was performed using the point‐resolved single‐voxel technique with two TE values of 135 ms and 270 ms. Perfusion studies were carried out using the dynamic contrast‐enhanced technique, and the relative cerebral blood volume maps were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed. Results: DWI revealed the majority of the lesions as having increased diffusion within their necrotic centers, with the ADC ranging from 0.5 to 3.01 (mean±SD: 1.49±0.7). All the lesions revealed a predominant lipid peak on MR spectroscopy and were extremely hypovascular on perfusion MR studies. Conclusion: MR diffusion, spectroscopy, and perfusion studies help in characterizing toxoplasmosis lesions and, in most cases, can be used in combination to help establish the diagnosis of toxoplasmosis.
Congenital subglottic stenosis in two unrelated pairs of siblings
Authors: Linna O , Hyrynkangas K , Kaukola T , Pajunen L 
Published: April 2004

Subglottic stenosis in infants is mostly acquired (secondary) and caused by granulation tissue or submucosal mucous gland hyperplasia after prolonged endotracheal intubation. Subglottic stenosis may also be congenital (primary), and it usually occurs sporadically. There are some reports of its association with inherited anomalies, but there are no previous reports of its familial occurrence in otherwise healthy children. This report describes two pairs of siblings referred for acute inspiratory stridor in whom subglottic stenosis was diagnosed by endoscopy. They were all born at term, and their parents were unrelated. One child had an anteriorly located anus but no other abnormalities.Conclusion: Without any surgical intervention all had normal breathing at rest, but inspiratory stridor during respiratory infections and upon physical exercise at follow‐up 4‐9 y later.
Analgesic effect of expressed breast milk in procedural pain in term neonates: a randomized, placebo‐controlled, double‐blind trial
Authors: Upadhyay A , Aggarwal R , Narayan S , Joshi M , Paul VK , Deorari AK 
Published: April 2004

Aim: To assess the effectiveness of expressed breast milk (EBM) in reducing pain due to venepuncture, in term neonates, as measured by behavioural and physiological observations. Methods: This randomized, placebo‐controlled, double‐blind trial involved 81 full‐term neonates, up to 4wk of postnatal age, who needed venepuncture for blood investigations. Two minutes before the venepuncture, in the intervention arm, 40 babies received 5 ml of EBM, while 41 babies in control group received 5 ml of distilled water (DW) as placebo. Two observers who were blinded to the intervention recorded the physiological (heart rate and oxygen saturation) and behavioural parameters [duration of crying and modified Neonatal Facial Coding Scores (NFCS)] after the venepuncture. Results: There was no difference in the baseline characteristics of the neonates in the two groups. The duration of crying was significantly shorter in babies fed EBM [median 38.5 s, interquartile range (IQR) 9.5–57.5 s] than in those fed DW (median 90 s, IQR 28–210 s). The mean duration of crying in EBM group was shorter by 70.7 (95% confidence interval 36.6–104.9) s. The modified NFCS at 0, 1 and 3 min was significantly lower (p > 0.01) in the EBM than in the DW group. The change in heart rate and oxygen saturation was significantly lower in the EBM group and returned to baseline values sooner than in the DW group.Conclusion: Feeding 5 ml of EBM before venepuncture is effective in reducing symptoms due to pain in term neonates.
Ultrasound scanning may reduce the need for barium radiology in the assessment of small‐bowel Crohn's disease
Authors: Bremner AR , Pridgeon J , Fairhurst J , Beattie RM 
Published: April 2004

Aim: Bowel wall thickening on transabdominal ultrasound scanning (USS) correlates well with Crohn's disease (CD) activity. However, the role of USS in the assessment of CD has not been fully defined. This study compared USS and barium follow‐through (BaFT) in the assessment of CD. Methods: A retrospective case series was undertaken of 24 children with CD who underwent USS and BaFT during the same period of clinical disease activity. Results: For terminal ileum abnormality, all 13 cases with abnormal USS had abnormality on BaFT. USS did not detect five cases with affected terminal ileum and two cases with isolated proximal small‐bowel CD.Conclusion: BaFT is a more sensitive indicator of small‐bowel CD than USS. USS has good positive predictive value of distal small‐bowel CD, but BaFT should be performed in the presence of a normal USS where there is strong clinical evidence of CD.
Feeding infants with undiluted goat's milk can mimic tyrosinaemia type 1
Authors: Hendriksz CJ , Walter JH 
Published: April 2004

Undiluted goat's milk should not be given to infants. High protein infant feeds are a forgotten cause of metabolic acidosis.Conclusion: The metabolic abnormalities associated with goat's milk ingestion can cause a clinical picture very similar to tyrosinaemia type 1.
Celiac disease and glycogenic acanthosis: a new association?
Authors: Suoglu OD , Emiroglu HH , Sokucu S , Cantez S , Cevikbas U , Saner G 
Published: April 2004

A 6‐y‐old boy and an 8‐y‐old girl were admitted to our clinic with anaemia and failure to thrive. Laboratory tests revealed iron deficiency anaemia and positive antigliadin antibodies in both of the patients. Slightly raised grey‐white plaques were observed on oesophageal mucosa during endoscopical investigation of the patients. While intestinal mucosal samples confirmed diagnosis of celiac disease histologically, histopathological assessment of oesophageal lesions demonstrated glycogenic acanthosis. Since glycogenic acanthosis associated with celiac disease hasn't been reported in the literature previously to our knowledge, case reports of our patients were presented.Conclusion: We suggest that glycogenic acanthosis needs to be investigated as a possible new association of celiac disease in greater paediatric series.
Insulin treatment in children and adolescents
Authors: Williams RM , Dunger DB 
Published: April 2004

The management of diabetes in children presents a number of challenges. The ideal is to achieve optimal glycaemic control using an insulin regimen that is acceptable to the child and family, which improves glycaemic control, whilst avoiding hypoglycaemia. The paediatric population differ from their adult counterparts in several ways, such as variability of exercise and eating patterns, and the hormonal influences of puberty, which means that the insulin regimen must be tailored to suit an individual child and their family.Conclusion: This review will focus on the particular difficulties of managing diabetes in children and, in particular, the problem of avoiding hypoglycaemia while maintaining adequate glycaemic control.
SIDS prevention—good progress, but now we need to focus on avoiding nicotine
Authors: Sundell HW 
Published: April 2004

Chong et al. examined risk factors for sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) before and after the start of the Swedish campaign to reduce the risk of SIDS. They found that maternal smoking was the strongest risk factor for SIDS in the post‐campaign compared to the pre‐campaign period.Conclusion: After successful results of the SIDS campaigns to prevent prone sleeping, strong efforts need to be undertaken to eliminate maternal smoking during pregnancy altogether without replacing cigarette smoking with other nicotine delivery devices such as snuff, gum or patches.
Iron deficiency and iron deficiency anaemia during infancy and childhood
Authors: Zetterströ Rolf 
Published: April 2004

The present definition of iron deficiency and iron deficiency anaemia is under debate. Our present figures for the prevalence of iron deficiency in infants and toddlers are thus disputed.Conclusion: Better understanding of the regulation of iron metabolism and requirement during the critical early period of growth and development is needed for relevant control of iron deficiency anaemia.
Analgesic effect of expressed breast milk in procedural pain in neonates
Authors: Schollin J 
Published: April 2004

Prevention, treatment and assessment of neonatal pain have been of major clinical and scientific interest the last decades. Non‐pharmacological interventions such as sweet oral solutions are successful in pain relief. Whether breast milk, with its lactose content of 7%, has any effect on the prevention of pain has been debated.Conclusion: Randomized studies of breast milk in prevention and treatment of neonatal pain are needed.
Secretion of interleukin‐8 by human‐derived cell lines infected with Mycobacterium bovis
Authors: Méndez-Samperio Patricia , Palma-Barrios Janet , Vázquez-Hernández Abraham , García-Martínez Elizabeth 
Published: April 2004

Background: The variable efficacy of bacillus Calmette‐Guérin (Mycobacterium bovis BCG) in protecting humans against tuberculosis has prompted a search for the mechanisms through which BCG induces chemokines. In this study, our experiments were designed to determine the role of the transcription factor nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) and intracellular calcium in the production of interleukin (IL)‐8, a main chemotactic factor, by human‐derived monocytic cell line U937 and by a human epithelial HEp‐2 cell line infected with M. bovis BCG.Methods: The concentrations of IL‐8 in culture supernatants of U937 cells or HEp‐2 cells infected with M. bovis BCG were determined by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. We used sulfasalazine and curcumin, which are well‐described inhibitors of NF‐κB activity, and we used ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid to deplete extracellular Ca2+ or used the cell‐permeable agent 1,2‐bis (2‐aminophenoxy) ethane‐N,N,N′,N′‐tetraacetic acid tetra (acetoxymethyl) ester to chelate releasable intracellular stores of Ca2+ in order to investigate the mechanisms through which M. bovis BCG induces IL‐8 secretion in our system.Results: The enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay showed that IL‐8 protein secretion was elevated in M. bovis‐infected cell lines. This effect was statistically significant (p < 0.01). When calcium influx was suppressed in M. bovis‐infected cell lines, IL‐8 secretion was inhibited. Notably, specific inhibitors of NF‐κB (sulfasalazine and curcumin) inhibited M. bovis‐induced IL‐8 secretion from U937 cells or HEp‐2 cells.Conclusions: Collectively, these results indicate that activation of NF‐κB is an important signal transduction pathway in M. bovis‐induced IL‐8 secretion in monocytic or epithelial cells. Furthermore, the results showed that calcium influx had a direct effect on IL‐8 secretion in U937 cells or HEp‐2 cells infected with M. bovis.
Monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 in patients with peripheral arterial disease
Authors: Petrkova Jana , Szotkowska Jaroslava , Hermanova Zuzana , Lukl Jan , Petrek Martin 
Published: April 2004

Background: Chemokine‐driven migration of inflammatory cells has been implicated in the pathogenesis of atherosclerotic conditions including peripheral arterial disease (PAD). Monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 (MCP‐1) is elevated in patients with coronary artery disease and in hypertensive patients. This study therefore investigated MCP‐1 in patients with PAD.Methods: Serum MCP‐1 was determined by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay in 36 healthy, control subjects and in 19 patients with PAD. Statistical analysis utilised the Mann‐Whitney test and Spearman correlation (p < 0.05).Results: MCP‐1 (pg/ml) was increased in patients compared with in controls (mean±standard error of the mean: PAD group, 748±60; control group, 459±27; p=0.0001). MCP‐1 levels tended to decrease with progressing disease. From atherosclerosis risk factors, diabetes inclined to increase MCP‐1 levels; hypertension had no effect. Serum MCP‐1 correlated with cholesterol, triglycerides, low‐density lipoprotein but not high‐density lipoprotein.Conclusion: Elevation of MCP‐1 in the circulation of PAD patients shown in the present pilot study implicates this CC chemokine ligand 2 in inflammatory processes contributing to PAD clinical symptomatology. Further investigations are necessary to evaluate whether MCP‐1 can be used as a potential marker of peripheral arterial disease follow‐up and/or prognosis.
Serum levels of tumor necrosis factor‐α, interleukin‐6 and interleukin‐8 are not increased in dyspeptic patients with Helicobacter pylori‐associated gastritis
Authors: Bayraktaroğlu Taner , Aras Ahmet Şükrü , Aydemir Selim , Davutoğlu Can , Üstündağ Yücel , Atmaca Hulusi , Borazan Ali 
Published: April 2004

Introduction: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a non‐invasive microorganism causing intense gastric mucosal inflammatory and immune reaction. H. pylori‐induced gastric mucosal cytokine overproduction has been clearly documented previously. The stomach has a large surface area and continuous spill‐over of locally produced cytokines into the blood stream is a possibility. There are few and conflicting data on circulatory proinflammatory cytokine levels in patients with H. pylori infection.Materials and methods: Forty‐two dyspeptic patients were enrolled into the study. The presence of H. pylori infection was diagnosed with antral histopathologic examination. After overnight fasting; serum samples were obtained from each patient to determine circulating interleukin (IL)‐6, IL‐8 and tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) levels.Results: H. pylori was shown in 30 cases using Giemsa stain in antral histopathologic evaluation. Twelve cases were negative for H. pylori staining. Both the age and sex distribution had an insignificant difference in both H. pylori‐positive and H. pylori‐negative groups. The mean circulatory levels of IL‐6, IL‐8 and TNF‐a in both groups were not different. The situation was same in respect to the serum levels of these cytokines and the degree of inflammation, H. pylori density and activation scores according to Sydney classification.Conclusion: We could not show elevated circulatory levels of IL‐6, IL‐8 and TNF‐α in H. pylori‐infected cases. We believe that H. pylori‐related cytokine activation become concentrated on gastric mucosa and this pathogen‐induced local inflammatory cascade does not cause changes in circulatory levels of these cytokines. Moreover, there is no correlation between the levels of serum cytokines and Sydney parameters.
Suppression of neutrophil recruitment in mice by geranium essential oil
Authors: Abe Shigeru , Maruyama Naho , Hayama Kazumi , Inouye Shigeharu , Oshima Haruyuki , Yamaguchi Hideyo 
Published: April 2004

Background: In aromatherapy, essential oils are used as anti‐inflammatory remedies, but experimental studies on their action mechanisms are very limited.Aims of the study: To assess their anti‐inflammatory activities, the effects of essential oils on neutrophil recruitment in mice were examined in vivo.Method: The effect of essential oils on leukocyte and neutrophil recruitment induced 6 h after intraperitoneal injection of casein in mice was examined.Results: Leukocyte recruitment into the peritoneal cavity in mice was suppressed by intraperitoneal injections of geranium, lemongrass and spearmint oils at the dose of 5 μl/mouse, but was not by tea tree oil. This recruitment was inhibited dose‐dependently by geranium oil. The suppression of leukocyte recruitment resulted from inhibition of neutrophil accumulation.Conclusion: Some essential oils used as anti‐inflammatory remedies suppress neutrophil recruitment into the peritoneal cavity in mice.
Protection by ozone preconditioning is mediated by the antioxidant system in cisplatin‐induced nephrotoxicity in rats
Authors: Borrego Aluet , Zamora Zullyt B. , González Ricardo , Romay Cheyla , Menéndez Silvia , Hernández Frank , Montero Teresita , Rojas Enys 
Published: April 2004

Background: Acute renal failure is a dose‐limiting factor of cisplatin chemotherapy. Here, we show the protective effect of ozone oxidative preconditioning against cisplatin‐induced renal dysfunction in rats. Ozone oxidative preconditioning is a prophylactic approach, which favors the antioxidant–pro‐oxidant balance for preservation of the cell redox state by increasing antioxidant endogenous systems in various in vivo and in vitro experimental models.Aims: To analyze the protective role of ozone oxidative preconditioning against cisplatin‐induced nephrotoxicity.Methods: Male Sprague–Dawley rats were pretreated with 15 intrarectal applications of ozone/oxygen mixture at 0.36, 0.72, 1.1, 1.8 and 2.5 mg/kg before cisplatin intraperitoneal injection (6 mg/kg). Serum and kidneys were extracted and analyzed 5 days after cisplatin treatment for determinations of the renal content of glutathione, thiobarbituric acid‐reactive substances, renal concentration and enzymatic activities of catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase.Results: Ozone pretreatment prevented the increase in serum creatinine levels, the glutathione depletion and the inhibition of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase activities induced by cisplatin in the rat kidney. Also, the renal content of thiobarbituric acid‐reactive substances was decreased by ozone therapy. These protective effects of ozone were dose dependent.Conclusions: Intrarectal ozone therapy prevented effectively the renal antioxidant unbalance induced by cisplatin treatment.
Genetic Interaction of an Origin Recognition Complex Subunit and thePolycombGroup GeneMEDEAduring Seed Development[W]
Authors: Collinge Margaret A. , Spillane Charles , Köhler Claudia , Gheyselinck Jacqueline , Grossniklaus Ueli 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe eukaryotic origin recognition complex (ORC) is made up of six subunits and functions in nuclear DNA replication, chromatin structure, and gene silencing in both fungi and metazoans. We demonstrate that disruption of a plant ORC subunit homolog, AtORC2 of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), causes a zygotic lethal mutant phenotype (orc2). Seeds of orc2 abort early, typically producing embryos with up to eight cells. Nuclear division in the endosperm is arrested at an earlier developmental stage: only approximately four nuclei are detected in orc2 endosperm. The endosperm nuclei in orc2 are dramatically enlarged, a phenotype that is most similar to class B titan mutants, which include mutants in structural maintenance of chromosomes (SMC) cohesins. The highest levels of ORC2 gene expression were found in preglobular embryos, coinciding with the stage at which homozygous orc2 mutant seeds arrest. The homologs of the other five Arabidopsis ORC subunits are also expressed at this developmental stage. The orc2 mutant phenotype is partly suppressed by a mutation in the Polycomb group gene MEDEA. In double mutants between orc2 and medea (mea), orc2 homozygotes arrest later with a phenotype intermediate between those of mea and orc2 single mutants. Either alterations in chromatin structure or the release of cell cycle checkpoints by the mea mutation may allow more cell and nuclear divisions to occur in orc2 homozygous seeds.
The Arabidopsis Chloroplastic NifU-Like Protein CnfU, Which Can Act as an Iron-Sulfur Cluster Scaffold Protein, Is Required for Biogenesis of Ferredoxin and Photosystem I[W]
Authors: Yabe Toshiki , Morimoto Kozo , Kikuchi Shingo , Nishio Kazuaki , Terashima Ichiro , Nakai Masato 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe biosynthesis of iron-sulfur clusters is a highly regulated process involving several proteins. Among them, so-called scaffold proteins play pivotal roles in both the assembly and delivery of iron-sulfur clusters. Here, we report the identification of two chloroplast-localized NifU-like proteins, AtCnfU-V and AtCnfU-IVb, from Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) with high sequence similarity to a cyanobacterial NifU-like protein that was proposed to serve as a molecular scaffold. AtCnfU-V is constitutively expressed in several tissues of Arabidopsis, whereas the expression of AtCnfU-IVb is prominent in the aerial parts. Mutant Arabidopsis lacking AtCnfU-V exhibited a dwarf phenotype with faint pale-green leaves and had drastically impaired photosystem I accumulation. Chloroplasts in the mutants also showed a decrease in both the amount of ferredoxin, a major electron carrier of the stroma that contains a [2Fe-2S] cluster, and in the in vitro activity of iron-sulfur cluster insertion into apo-ferredoxin. When expressed in Escherichia coli cells, AtCnfU-V formed a homodimer carrying a [2Fe-2S]-like cluster, and this cluster could be transferred to apo-ferredoxin in vitro to form holo-ferredoxin. We propose that AtCnfU has an important function as a molecular scaffold for iron-sulfur cluster biosynthesis in chloroplasts and thereby is required for biogenesis of ferredoxin and photosystem I.