bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
FETAL FACTORS INFLUENCING THE VOLUME AND COMPOSITION OF LIQUOR AMNII*
Authors: Abramovich D. R. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryAt 18 weeks gestation the liquor volume increases by 10–13 ml. per day. The fetus swallows 4–11 ml. per day and may void 7–17 ml. per day, while fetal renal function matures with increasing age. Some anencephalic fetuses can swallow considerable volumes of liquor, but the presence or absence of swallowing plays little part in the aetiology of polyhydramnios in this condition.A review of clinical evidence, together with these experimental findings, throws considerable doubt on present theories that fetal swallowing and voiding are important factors in controlling the liquor volume.
SOME OBSERVATIONS ON THE SURFACE LAYER OF FULL‐TERM HUMAN UMBILICAL CORD EPITHELIUM
Authors: Parry E. W. , Abramovich D. R. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe surface layer of the epithelium of the umbilical cord at term consists of two distinct cell types with intermediate forms. The majority of the cells appear to be inert, while the remainder have well‐developed microvilli and normal cellular organelles.The architecture of this surface layer of epithelium suggests that it cannot control fluid exchange between liquor and fetal plasma.
INVESTIGATION INTO THE SUGAR CONTENT OF ENDOMETRIAL SECRETION
Authors: Douglas C. P. , GarrowAND J. S. , Pugh Elizabeth Wyn 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe glucose and fructose content of the endometrial secretion was measured in 60 patients. The fluid was obtained by introducing a dialysis bag into the uterine cavity.The range of glucose concentration in the uterus was 10 to 200 mg. per 100 ml., the concentration in the majority of cases being between 41 and 100 mg. per 100 ml. The fructose range was 5 to 55 mg. per 100 ml., two‐thirds of the results being between 6 and 20 mg. per 100 ml.The higher fructose concentrations were found after the 11th day of the cycle. Both glucose and fructose appeared to be present in higher concentrations in nulliparous patients.
OBESITY IN THE JAMAICAN PARTURIENT
Authors: Roopnarinesingh S. S. , Pathak U. N. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe reproductive performance of one hundred obese negro women was compared with that of an equivalent number of negro women of average weight. The main hazards of obesity were hypertension and diabetes mellitus. The incidence of prolonged labour was not increased, and there was a low incidence of prematurity. The infants were significantly larger in the obese group but despite this, dispropor‐tion seldom occurred. The obese patients gained less weight antenatally, and lost more in the puerperium, than the controls. There was an age‐related difference in mean antenatal weight‐gain and puerperal weight‐loss in the obese, but not in the controls.
ANTENATAL DETECTION OF CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITIES
Authors: Butler L. J. , Reiss H. E. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryTechniques are described for obtaining amniotic fluid by abdominal amniocentesis and for the subsequent culture of the cells contained in the fluid for karyotyping and other studies. Problems relating to fluid collection and cell culture are discussed. Some general comments are added on the feasibility of using the technique in the management of high risk pregnancies and in large‐scale screening for chromosome abnormalities.
THE EFFECTS OF PROGESTERONE ON THE RESPONSES OF THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM TO INTRAVENOUS INFUSIONS OF ALDOSTERONE
Authors: Lloyd I. J. , Burstyn P. G. , Horrobin D. F. , Kahuho S. K. P. , Mulimba O. , Webala G. S. R. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe effects on arterial pressure of giving intravenous infusions of aldosterone to untreated rabbits were compared with the effects in rabbits pre‐treated with progesterone for two weeks. The rise in pressure began approximately one hour earlier in the pre‐treated animals. After five hours of infusion the mean pressure rise in the pre‐treated animals was approximately 45 per cent while in the untreated animals it was approximately 20 per cent.
THE USE OF THE CORD BLOOD SAMPLE FOR THE DETECTION OF SICKLE‐CELL ANAEMIA IN THE NEWBORN
Authors: Metters J. S. , Huntsman R. G. , Yawson G. I. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryChildren with sickle‐cell anaemia, a potentially lethal condition, are being born in increasing numbers in the United Kingdom. This paper recommends suitable screening techniques for the early diagnosis of sickle‐cell anaemia in the newborn by using a sample of cord blood.
STUDIES ON THE URINARY EXCRETION OF GONADOTROPHINS DURING THE NORMAL MENSTRUAL CYCLE IN YOUNG WOMEN
Authors: Papanicolaou A. D. , Adamopoulos D. A. , Loraine J. A. , Lunn S. F. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryExcretion values for urinary follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) and pregnanediol during the menstrual cycle have been reported in six young women. In five out of the six cycles ovulation as judged by pregnanediol assays took place.The pattern of LH output was reasonably consistent being characterized by a sharp peak at midcycle. The mean value was 11·1±1·1 i.u. per 24 hours (S.E.). No consistent pattern of FSH output was observed although levels tended to be at their maximum following the midcycle LH peak. The mean value was 7·3±0·7 i.u. per 24 hours (S.E.).The ratio FSH/LH was higher in the luteal phase of the cycle than at midcycle and immediately before the occurrence of menstruation.
THE MECHANISM OF ACTION OF EXOGENOUS ATP FOR THE TREATMENT OF FETAL HYPOXIA DURING DELIVERY
Authors: Horská S. , Hodr J. , Brotánek V. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryChanges in uterine blood flow, the fetal heart rate, maternal pulse rate and blood pressure were recorded in healthy pregnant women before and after intramuscular ATP administration. The authors postulate that the temporary increase in uterine blood flow following ATP administration and depending on the duration of the pregnancy might be connected with the vasodilatator effect of ATP, which might also explain its beneficial effect in fetal hypoxia.
THE CURVE OF LABOUR USED AS A TEACHING DEVICE IN UGANDA
Authors: Glick Eugene , Trussell Richard R. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryAn adaptation of Friedman's dilatation‐time curve (mean curve of labour) was used in Uganda to help medical students recognize abnormal labour. A printed form allowed all important aspects of labour to be recorded at regular intervals. Students were expected to predict the time of delivery, based on the normal sigmoid curve. At weekly seminars these records were analyzed and students quickly learned to detect protracted labour and to determine the cause. While especially helpful in Uganda where the anatomical peculiarities of some tribes regularly present difficulties, this approach can be modified to facilitate the teaching of obstetrics elsewhere.
GENITAL CANDIDAS1S AND ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES
Authors: Rohatiner J. J. , Grimble A. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryIn spite of contrary reports this study confirms the view of the majority of workers that the incidence of candidial vulvo‐vaginitis is not greater in women who take the contraceptive pill than in those who do not and shows that with the combined type of oral contraceptive the dose of oestrogen or convertible progestogen is more important than their relative amounts in contributing to the presence of Candida.
VAGINAL TRICHOMONIASIS AND PRECANCEROUS STATES OF THE CERVIX: A PRELIMINARY REPORT
Authors: de Carneri I. , Di Re F. 
Published: August 2005

Summary Trichomonas vaginalis infection was found by culture of vaginal material in CPLM medium in 18·2 per cent of 1732 unselected adult women in the course of mass screening for the early detection of cancer of the uterus in a town in Lombardy.The differences between the incidence of infection in the various cytological classes according to Papanicolaou were statistically significant. In Class I the observed incidence of trichomoniasis was 34 per cent less than expected, in Class II it was 94 per cent greater; in Class III it was 221 per cent greater; and in Classes IV and V taken together it was 119 per cent greater than expected.
POSTABORTAL AND POSTPARTUM TETANUS
Authors: Adadevoh B. Kwaku , Akinla Oladele 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA report is presented of 27 cases of postabortal and postpartum tetanus seen at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital between 1963 and 1967. Twenty‐two of them were associated with abortion and carried a mortality of 50 per cent while one out of 5 postpartum cases died. Uterine tetanus appears to be more severe than other forms and carries a distinctly higher mortality. A reason for this is suggested.
OUT‐PATIENT DIAGNOSTIC CURETTAGE
Authors: Holt E. M. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA trial of the Vabra aspirator, a sterile disposable suction curette, was carried out on 60 patients. The apparatus is designed to allow full curettage of the uterine cavity to be performed without anaesthetic on an outpatient basis.The method produced satisfactory specimens for diagnostic histology in all but four cases. Patient acceptability was high and side effects were minimal.
EFFECT OF ERGOMETRINE ON THE CENTRAL VENOUS PRESSURE IN THE THIRD STAGE OF LABOUR
Authors: Greenhalf J. O. , Evans D. J. E. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryPatients in whom intravenous ergometrine had been given in the management of the third stage of labour showed a significantly prolonged rise in the central venous pressure, when compared with those patients who did not receive intravenous ergometrine. Two further patients who received intravenous diazepam (Valium) as well as intravenous ergometrine did not show this pronounced rise in the central venous pressure.
THE RELATION OF CERVICAL MUCUS PROTEINS TO SPERM PENETRABILITY
Authors: Elstein Max , Macdonald R. R. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryAn investigation correlating protein analyses of cervical mucus with sperm penetration tests and an assessment of consistency is presented. When the protein content was below 1·5 μg. per mg. of wet mucus and only albumin was present, sperm penetrability was optimal. When the protein content was greater than 12·5 μg. per mg. of wet mucus and transferrin and immunoglobulin were present in addition to albumin, sperm penetration was severely restricted. Protein analyses are proposed as a useful method of assessing cervical mucus function with particular reference to the effect of progestogens on the genital tract.
THE ROLE OF FETAL DEATH IN THE PROCESS OF THERAPEUTIC ABORTION INDUCED BY INTRA‐AMNIOTIC INJECTION OF HYPERTONIC SALINE
Authors: Kovács L. , Resch B. , Szöllósi J. , Herczeg J. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryIn 21 pregnancies in which therapeutic abortion was induced by intra‐amniotic hypertonic saline injection in the second trimester of the pregnancy, the moment of fetal death and the maximum hypertonicity of the amniotic fluid were established. Comparing these with each other and with the onset and the duration of the abortion process, a close correlation could be found only between the time till death of the fetus and the hypertonicity of the amniotic fluid.
PLACENTA PERCRETA WITH PENETRATION OF THE BLADDER
Authors: Grabert H. , Mossa A. , Oliveira S. F. , Hutzler I. , Fainzielber S. , De Lima G. Rodrigues 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA case of placenta percreta invading the posterior wall of the bladder caused dysuria, frequency and hematuria. The patient had had four previous Caesarean sections.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HEAT‐STABLE ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE IN MATERNAL SERUM AND URINARY OESTROGEN OUTPUT
Authors: Curzen Peter , Southcombe Coral 
Published: August 2005

SummaryOne hundred and sixty‐five paired estimations on serum heat‐stable alkaline phosphatase concentration and urinary oestrogen output were performed on 65 patients who were thought to show clinical features of placental dysfunction. Significant degrees of correlation were demonstrated between the following pairs of parameters: serum HSAP level and urinary oestrogen output; serum HSAP level and crude placental weight; urinary oestrogen output and crude placental weight; urinary oestrogen output and fetal weight.
A MANAGEMENT OF THE THIRD STAGE TO REDUCE FETO‐MATERNAL TRANSFUSION
Authors: Terry M. F. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe size of feto‐maternal transfusion which occurs when fetal blood is allowed to run away from the divided umbilical cord as soon as the baby is delivered, is compared with that following the more orthodox management of the third stage. By using this method the average volume of transplacental transfusion and the incidence of detectable bleeds are reduced.
TRANSPLACENTAL HAEMORRHAGE DUE TO TERMINATION OF PREGNANCY
Authors: Walsh J. J. , Lewis B. V. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe incidence of transplacental haemorrhage has been estimated in 200 women undergoing termination of pregnancy. Vaginal termination by curettage or vacuum aspiration carried a 25 per cent risk of transplacental haemorrhage determined by acid elution. Similarly, hysterotomy carried a 23 per cent risk.Hysterectomy or intra‐amniotic injection of glucose were less likely to cause transplacental bleeding.One rhesus negative patient showed a rapid rise in incomplete anti‐D six months after termination by curettage.
PLACENTAL LOCALIZATION USING 113mINDIUM AND A PORTABLE SCINTILLATION DETECTOR: A COMPARISON WITH DOPPLER ULTRASOUND
Authors: Wood S. M. , Jones L. , Maisey M. N. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA technique of radio‐active isotope placental localization using 113mlndium and a portable scintillation detector is described. It gave reliable results in 80 per cent of patients. The results were equivocal in 20 per cent. There were two false positive, but no false negative results. Doppler ultrasound was compared but gave unsatisfactory results in that a false negative rate of 28·5 per cent was obtained for placenta praevia.
THE EFFECT OF PARITY ON BIRTHWEIGHT
Authors: Camilleri A. P. , Cremona V. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryRecords were examined of 2,517 births representing about 44 per cent of all births in Malta in 1965.Mean overall birthweights were 3,446 g. for males and 3,358 g. for females at a mean gestation of about 39·75 weeks.The effect of parity on birthweight was examined after adding a sample of 290 infants born in earlier years to women of parity 5 or greater. There was a convincing progression of birthweight with increasing parity up to ten.
THE VALUE OF THE NILE BLUE TEST IN ESTIMATING FETAL MATURITY IN NORMAL AND COMPLICATED PREGNANCIES
Authors: Barnett Hanna R. , Nevin Margaret 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA study of the cytology of the amniotic fluid suggests that the fat cell count is a valuable guide to fetal maturity. A fat cell count of over 10 per cent justifies a confident assessment of a period of gestation longer than 36 weeks. A low fat cell count (under 10 per cent) suggests a fetal maturity of shorter duration, although this statement needs to be qualified. Between 32 and 36 weeks it is only possible to suggest the more likely of the two dates given. In the 15 patients comprising Group 2 this test was carried out at the instigation of the obstetrician in order to provide guidance in the management of a complicated pregnancy. In 14 out of 15 patients in this group the results of the test were correct and helpful in the management.
EFFECT OF ETHANOL ON THE RESPONSE OF THE NON‐PREGNANT HUMAN UTERUS TO OXYTOCIN AND VASOPRESSIN
Authors: Coutinho Elsimar M. , Filho J. Adeodato , Xavier Rui , Fuchs Anna‐Riitta , Fuchs Fritz 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe effect of ethanol on the response of the human uterus to oxytocin and vasopressin was studied in 11 women during the menstrual cycle. In 4 cases, the response was enhanced and in 5 it was unchanged. In 2 subjects the response after ethanol was reduced, but no more than was seen with successive doses of oxytocin and vasopressin without ethanol. It is concluded that ethanol, in doses giving blood concentrations up to 0·18 per cent, does not inhibit the response of the nonpregnant uterus to the neurohypophysial hormones.
MYOMECTOMY AT THE CHELSEA HOSPITAL FOR WOMEN
Authors: Loeffler F. E. , Noble A. D. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryOut of 180 patients who had a myomectomy at the Chelsea Hospital for Women between 1954 and 1962, 116 were followed for more than one year. One in four of these patients had a subsequent hysterectomy and about one in three conceived after surgery. Of the patients known to have conceived only three out of four carried pregnancies beyond 28 weeks. Myomectomy did not seem to alter the high incidence of abortions and perinatal deaths in patients found to have fibromyomata. Pregnancies occurring after myomectomy required close specialist supervision and often ended in Caesarean section.
TRANSFER OF LIMECYCLINE AND CEPHALORIDINE FROM MOTHER TO FETUS—A COMPARATIVE STUDY
Authors: Prakash A. , Chalmers J. A. , Onojobi O. I. A. , Henderson R. J. , Cummings P. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryLimecycline was given by mouth 6‐hourly and cephaloridine was given intramuscularly 12‐hourly in two doses to 60 women undergoing amniotomy for induction of labour in order to study the absorption and transfer of the antibiotics to the fetus as a protection against intrapartum infections.Both drugs were shown to provide useful inhibitory concentrations in maternal serum, amniotic fluid and umbilical cord blood.The advantages and disadvantages of the two drugs, and the appropriate dose schemes for each antibiotic are discussed.
PRE‐ECLAMPTIC TOXAEMIA: POSSIBLE RELEVANCE OF PROGESTERONE, SALT AND FRUSEMIDE
Authors: Horrobin D. F. , Lloyd I. J. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryProgesterone given to rabbits in amounts per kilogram approximately similar to the amounts per kilogram produced by women towards the end of pregnancy can raise the arterial pressure of the animals. The hypertensive action of the progesterone is greatly diminished by giving the animals one per cent saline solution to drink instead of water. This suggests that progesterone‐induced sodium loss may be important in initiating the hypertension. Frusemide also opposes the progesterone‐induced pressure, but surprisingly actually inhibits the sodium‐losing action of pregesterone.
HYDATIDIFORM MOLE AND ITS COMPLICATIONS IN THE STATE OF VICTORIA
Authors: Beischer N. A. , Bettinger H. F. , Fortune D. W. , Pepperell R. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryIn a series of 328 consecutive molar pregnancies in the State of Victoria the incidence of malignant sequelae was 4·3 per cent.The incidence of hydatidiform mole and its complications was higher in patients over 40 years of age and of parity three or more.In 3 of the 14 patients with malignancy the diagnosis was evident before expulsion of the mole and 6 others were over the age of 40 years.It is concluded that Tow's recommendation for primary prophylactic hysterectomy in patients over 40 is valid for this community but is not indicated for those of parity three or more who are aged less than 40 years.In this community 55 per cent of trophoblastic malignancies follow hydatidiform moles.It is suggested that race influences the behaviour of hydatidiform mole as well as its incidence. Our findings are similar to those reported from Norway with regard to incidences of molar pregnancy and of malignant complications, but are different from the findings reported from Asia.
PRIMARY ADENOCARCINOMA OF THE CERVIX
Authors: Lewis B. V. , Diaz P. R. L. , Stallworthy J. A. , Ellis F. E. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA series of 73 cases of adenocarcinoma of the cervix has been analyzed. The five‐year survival rate for all patients seen was 41 per cent. The survival for 28 Stage I and II growths treated by combined radiotherapy and Wertheim's hysterectomy was 64 per cent.
THE EFFECT OF LABOUR ON THE MATERNAL BLOOD‐GAS AND ACID‐BASE STATUS
Authors: Andersen G. J. , Walker James 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe arterial blood‐gas and acid‐base status of 46 women during normal labour and of 16 women at the end of the puerperium have been measured and compared with results previously obtained for pregnancy.Between contractions in the first stage the maternal blood‐gas and acid‐base status differed little from that during pregnancy. It is suggested that apart from the distress of contractions no other stimulus to ventilation occurs in labour other than that which exists during pregnancy.There was no evidence to indicate that normal labour is associated with a progressive maternal metabolic acidosis.Severe degrees of maternal hypocapnia were observed in the second stage of normal labour.The maternal blood‐gas and acid‐base status returned to within non‐pregnant limits by the end of the puerperium.
AN ASSESSMENT OF THE VALUE OF FETAL SCALP BLOOD SAMPLING
Authors: Farr Valerie 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe value of fetal scalp sampling in reducing perinatal mortality, birth asphyxia and Caesarean section rate was assessed by a retrospective study of 2638 booked patients who were delivered in 1966.By using this technique it is possible that the perinatal mortality rate might be reduced from 15·9 to 15·2 per thousand, i.e., by 2 deaths per year.The incidence of birth asphyxia might be improved, but for this to be significant all patients would require repeated monitoring during labour, since about 40 per cent of asphyxiated babies showed no evidence of clinical fetal distress during labour.Since clinical fetal distress was the main reason for Caesarean section in only 18 booked patients, little experience would be gained in the technique of scalp blood sampling and the value of the results would be suspect, and it is likely that in less than half of these cases would operative delivery be prevented.
THE RELATIVE USEFULNESS OF METHODS OF ASSESSING PLACENTAL FUNCTION
Authors: Watney P. J. M. , Hallum J. , Ladell D. , Scott P. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThree methods of assessing placental function, measurement of oestriol excretion, measurement of serum heat stable alkaline phosphatase, and vaginal cytology have been compared. Serial urinary oestriol estimation was found to be the most useful and practical for routine use. It gave clear warning of fetal jeopardy in nearly half the cases with placental insufficiency, and some indication in most of these cases.Serum heat‐stable alkaline phosphatase is abnormally high or low in about one‐third of cases of placental insufficiency but rarely in patients with normal placentae. It may have some value as a test in cases with low oestriol excretion, possibly adding significance to the oestriol results.Vaginal cytology does not correlate sufficiently well with placental function to be useful clinically.
TESTICULAR FEMINIZATION WITH CLITORAL ENLARGEMENT
Authors: Williamson Josephine A. , Dewhurst C. J. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryTwo patients—an aunt and a niece—with probable testicular feminization in association with enlargement of the clitoris are described. In the aunt normal breast development occurred at puberty; it cannot be said if the clitoris, noted to be enlarged at that time, had increased from its pre‐pubertal size but a definite masculine change had occurred in the voice. The niece, aged 10 years 9 months, presented a similar picture. The clitoris was enlarged and the labia somewhat rugose but the vulva was otherwise normal. Because of family concern, the child's awareness of the inguinal testes and the possibility of further male changes at puberty the unusual course of orchidectomy during childhood and replacement oestrogen therapy was adopted.
A DOUBLE‐BLIND TRIAL OF BROMELAINS AS AN ADJUNCT TO VAGINAL PLASTIC REPAIR OPERATIONS
Authors: Cowie D. H. G. , Fairweather D. V. I. , Newell D. J. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA controlled double‐blind trial of the prophylactic use of bromelains (Ananase) in elective plastic vaginal surgery has been carried out. In none of the recorded criteria did the placebo group show advantages over the bromelain group, and in many of the criteria the bromelain group seemed rather superior to the control group; in no instance, however, did this reach statistical significance.