bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Harnessing trophic cascades to improve foundation species restoration: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Heineke Marcella R. , Kimbro David L. , Zabin Chela J. , Grosholz Edwin D. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractGlobal declines in foundation species and associated losses of biodiversity and ecosystem services have made restoration of foundation species and the habitats they create a top priority. Because restoration success has been highly variable, the field is increasingly using both experimentation and ecological theory to augment success. We conducted a meta‐analysis of studies (18) in estuarine and marine systems, which increased the abundance of top predators as a restoration approach, thus improving biogenic habitat‐forming foundation species recovery by reducing consumers. Beyond testing the general idea of whether top predator addition enhances foundation species restoration, we examined whether the degree of restoration success could be explained by classic predictors of top‐down strength, such as taxonomic identity of the foundation species and top predators, direct and indirect effects of top predators, and the latitude and duration of the study. Top predators successfully elicited a trophic cascade by decreasing consumer abundances (direct effect) and increasing foundation species recovery (indirect effect) when compared with control restoration projects without top predators. Direct effects are expected to be stronger than indirect effects, in accordance with classic ecological theory. We found no evidence of magnitude differences between direct and indirect effects of top predator addition. Increasing invertebrate top predators produced a 3.5× greater increase in the basal trophic level than adding vertebrate top predators. Despite the strong effect of predator type, the log response ratio of all foundation species types (algae, animal, and plant) increased 10‐fold in top predator addition treatments. We found diminishing effects of top predator addition as study duration increased, which supports recent developments that the positive effects of marine protected area designation decline over time. Our results highlight the promise of harnessing top‐down control via top predator addition as a mechanism to aid foundation species recovery.
Non‐Classical Early Lanthanide(II) Tris(di‐tert‐butylcyclopentadienyl) Complexes**
Authors: Liu Jingjing , Nodaraki Lydia E. , Martins Daniel O. T. A. , Giansiracusa Marcus J. , Cobb Philip J. , Emerson‐King Jack , Ortu Fabrizio , Whitehead George F. S. , Gransbury Gemma K. , Mclnnes Eric J. L. , Tuna Floriana , Mills David P. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWe report the synthesis of a series of temperature‐sensitive non‐classical early Ln(II) (Ln=lanthanide) complexes, [K(2.2.2‐cryptand)][Ln(Cptt)3] (Cptt=C5H3tBu2‐1,3; 1‐Ln; Ln=La−Nd). Complexes 1‐Ln were typically prepared using Schlenk line techniques rather than more common glove box protocols, by the reduction of the parent Ln(III) complexes [Ln(Cptt)3] (2‐Ln) with KC8 in THF in the presence of 2.2.2‐cryptand at −30 °C. The majority of the 2‐Ln series have been reported previously by the salt metathesis reactions of 3 eq. KCptt with parent LnCl3, and these methods were adapted here to afford 2‐Pr. Complexes 1‐Ln and 2‐Pr were characterized by single crystal XRD, elemental analysis, ATR‐IR and UV‐Vis‐NIR spectroscopy; 1‐La and 2‐Pr were additionally characterized by c.w. EPR spectroscopy, and variable temperature magnetic susceptibility measurements were performed on 2‐Pr. During attempts to synthesize 2‐Nd and 2‐Sm we also obtained small crops of crystals of [Nd(Cptt)2(μ‐I)]2 (3) and [Sm(Cptt)2(μ‐Cl)]2 ⋅ C7H8 (4 ⋅ C7H8), respectively; these complexes were also structurally authenticated, and magnetic data was collected for 4 ⋅ C7H8. The combination of data obtained indicate that the Ln(II) centers in 1‐Ln adopt 4fn5d1 electron configurations, in common with other literature examples of [Ln(CpR)3]− anions (CpR=substituted cyclopentadienyl) for these metals.
Molecular mechanisms underpinning deconditioning‐update in fear memory
Authors: Popik Bruno , Luft Jordana Griebler , Knak Guerra Kétlyn Talise , de Oliveira Alvares Lucas 
Published: October 2023

AbstractTraumatic experiences are closely associated with some psychiatric conditions such as post‐traumatic stress disorder. Deconditioning‐update promotes robust and long‐lasting attenuation of aversive memories. The deconditioning protocol consists of applying weak/neutral footshocks during reactivations, so that the original tone‐shock association is replaced by an innocuous stimulus that does not produce significant fear response. Here, we present the molecular bases that can support this mechanism. To this end, we used pharmacological tools to inhibit the activity of ionotropic glutamate receptors (NMDA‐GluN2B and CP‐AMPA), the activity of proteases (calpains), and the receptors that control intracellular calcium storage (IP3 receptors), as well as the endocannabinoid system (CB1). Our results indicate that blocking these molecular targets prevents fear memory update by deconditioning. Therefore, this study uncovered the molecular substrate of deconditioning‐update strategy, and, broadly, shed new light on the traumatic memory destabilization mechanisms that might be used to break the boundaries regarding reconsolidation‐based approaches to deal with maladaptive memories.
A comparison of individual and group equivalence‐based instruction delivered via Canvas
Authors: Wiskow Katie M. , Subramaniam Shrinidhi , Montenegro‐Montenegro Esteban 
Published: October 2023

AbstractEquivalence‐based instruction (EBI) is an efficient method that has been used to teach various skills, including content in college courses. This study extended the literature on EBI in higher education by teaching 13 graduate students to identify features of functional analysis conditions and variations. Equivalence‐based instruction methods were implemented using Canvas, an online learning management system. Participants completed pretests, experienced EBI individually and in small groups, and completed a posttest, all using the quiz feature in Canvas. The EBI modules increased students' posttest scores relative to pretest scores by 36%, on average, and there was a slight increase in correct responding in the group relative to the individual teaching condition. Furthermore, responses to social‐validity surveys indicated that EBI was acceptable to most students; however, students' preferences for group and individual EBI varied.
Porous Ionic Network/CNT Composite Separator as a Polysulfide Snaring Shield for High Performance Lithium–Sulfur Battery
Authors: Fan Zhiwen , Tao Jian , Peng Shuting , Yang Yumin , Stiernet Pierre , Tang Juntao , Wang Yan , Pan Chunyue , Gu Shuai , Yuan Jiayin , Han Kai , Yu Guipeng 
Published: October 2023

AbstractLithium–sulfur (Li–S) battery features a high theoretical energy density, but the shuttle of soluble polysulfides between the two electrodes often results in a rapid capacity decay. Herein, a straightforward electrostatic adsorption strategy based on a cross‐linked polyimidazolium separator as a snaring shield of polysulfides is reported, which suppresses the undesirable migration of polysulfides to the anode. The porous ionic network (PIN)‐modified carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are successfully prepared and coated onto a commercial porous polypropylene membrane in a vacuum‐filtration step. The favorable affinity of the imidazolium ring toward polysulfide via the polar interaction and the electrostatic effect of ions mitigates the undesirable shuttle of polysulfides in the electrolyte, improving the Li─S battery in terms of rate performance and cycling life. Compared to the reference PIN‐free CNT‐coated separator, the PIN/CNT‐coated one has an increased initial capacity of 1.3 folds (up to 1394.8 mAh g−1 for PIN/CNT/PP‐3) at 0.1 C.
Regulating Electrostatic Interactions toward Thermoresponsive Hydrogels with Low Critical Solution Temperature
Authors: Zhou Jiahua , Shi Dongjian , Kaneko Tatsuo , Dong Weifu , Chen Mingqing 
Published: October 2023

AbstractLow critical solution temperature (LCST) of commonly used thermoresponsive polymers in water is basically dominated by hydrophobic interactions. Herein, a novel thermoresponsive system based on electrostatic interactions is reported. By simply loading aluminum chloride (AlCl3) into non‐responsive poly(2‐hydroxyethyl acrylate) (PHEA) hydrogels, PHEA‐Al gels turn to have reversible thermoresponsive behavior between transparent and opaque without any volume change. Further investigations by changing metal ion‐polymer compositions unravel the necessity of specific electrostatic interactions, namely, cation‐dipole bonding interactions between hydroxy groups and trivalent metal ions. The thermoresponsive hydrogel demonstrates high transparency (≈95%), excellent luminous modulation capability (>98%), and cyclic reliability, suggesting great potential as an energy‐saving material. Although LCST control by salt addition is widely known, salt‐induced expression of thermoresponsiveness has barely been discussed before. This design provides a new approach of easy fabrication, low cost, and scalability to develop stimuli‐responsive materials.
Head‐and‐neck multichannel B1+ mapping and RF shimming of the carotid arteries using a 7T parallel‐transmit head coil
Authors: de Buck Matthijs H. S. , Kent James L. , Jezzard Peter , Hess Aaron T. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPurposeNeurovascular MRI suffers from a rapid drop in B1+ into the neck when using transmit head coils at 7 T. One solution to improving B1+ magnitude in the major feeding arteries in the neck is to use custom RF shims on parallel‐transmit head coils. However, calculating such shims requires robust multichannel B1+ maps in both the head and the neck, which is challenging due to low RF penetration into the neck, limited dynamic range of multichannel B1+ mapping techniques, and B0 sensitivity. We therefore sought a robust, large‐dynamic‐range, parallel‐transmit field mapping protocol and tested whether RF shimming can improve carotid artery B1+ magnitude in practice.MethodsA pipeline is presented that combines B1+ mapping data acquired using circularly polarized (CP) and CP2‐mode RF shims at multiple voltages. The pipeline was evaluated by comparing the predicted and measured B1+ for multiple random transmit shims, and by assessing the ability of RF shimming to increase B1+ in the carotid arteries.ResultsThe proposed method achieved good agreement between predicted and measured B1+ in both the head and the neck. The B1+ magnitude in the carotid arteries can be increased by 43% using tailored RF shims or by 37% using universal RF shims, while also improving the RF homogeneity compared with CP mode.ConclusionB1+ in the neck can be increased using RF shims calculated from multichannel B1+ maps in both the head and the neck. This can be achieved using universal phase‐only RF shims, facilitating easy implementation in existing sequences.
Pharmacological management of neurocognitive impairment in schizophrenia: A narrative review
Authors: Arsenault‐Mehta Kyle , Hochman‐Bérard Mario , Johnson Alexander , Semenova Dar'ya , Nguyen Bea , Willis Jessie , Mouravska Natalia , Joober Ridha , Zhand Naista 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundCognitive impairment are among the core features of schizophrenia, experienced by up to 75% of patients. Available treatment options for schizophrenia including dopamine antagonists and traditional antipsychotic medications have not been shown to confer significant benefits on cognitive deficits. Contrary to the focus on management of positive symptoms in schizophrenia, cognitive abilities are main predictor of independent living skills, functional abilities, employment, engagement in relapse prevention, and patients' subjective sense of well‐being and quality of life. This review aims to provide a summary of recent literature on pharmacological options for the treatment of cognitive deficits in schizophrenia.MethodsWe conducted a literature search of studies from 2011 to 2021 across four electronic databases including PubMed, PsycInfo, MEDLINE, and Embase. Human studies using a pharmacological treatment for cognitive impairment in schizophrenia were included.ResultsFifty‐eight eligible publications, representing 11 pharmacological classes, were included in this review. Major limitations involved small sample size, methodological limitations as well as heterogeneity of participants and outcome measures.ConclusionsOverall evidence remains inconclusive for any pharmacological classes studied for the treatment of cognitive deficits in schizophrenia. Methodological limitations in a majority of the studies rendered their findings preliminary. We further discuss possible explanations for these findings that could guide future research.
The efficacy of vortioxetine for the delusional disorder of cenesthopathy
Authors: Sato Shinji , Imai Koubun 
Published: October 2023

AbstractCenesthopathy is a rare syndrome characterized by strange bodily and oral sensations and is classified as a delusional disorder, somatic type, according to the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Cenesthopathy has been considered difficult to treat. However, to improve cenesthopathy, many pharmacotherapeutic options are reported, including antidepressants and antipsychotics. In this case report, vortioxetine significantly alleviated the distress of oral cenesthopathy in a patient with cerebral ischemia and depression without any adverse effects. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the efficacy of vortioxetine in treating cenesthopathy. Though it is unclear why vortioxetine was effective for cenesthopathy in our case, we stated two possibilities for improving his oral cenesthopathy. When treating oral cenesthopathy in elderly patients, clinicians consider to be one of the options to prescribe vortioxetine.
Hydrothermal aging behavior and effects on carbon fabric/polyphenylene sulfide composite
Authors: Yu Lei , Wang Kai , Sun Mingchen , Duan Ziqi , Zhao Yan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractCarbon fabric/polyphenylene sulfide (CF/PPS) composite has been used in the aircraft industry, which might suffer moisture and high temperature in service, leading to degradation and even failure. Therefore, knowledge of hydrothermal aging behavior and effects is needed to ensure service life. This work explores the water diffusion behavior, crystallization, and interfacial properties of CF/PPS composite under hydrothermal aging in continuous 3 months and periodical cycles. Diffusion coefficients were calculated through the Fickian model, crystallization behaviors were measured through differential scanning calorimetry and polarized optical microscope, and interfacial properties were characterized by interfacial shear strength, and interlaminar shear strength. The results demonstrate the crystal morphology transforms from transverse crystals to spherulites at the CF/PPS interface after recrystallization through hydrothermal aging, revealing water has a significant impact on the nucleation performance of T300 carbon fiber in the PPS matrix. Hydrothermal aging affects the crystallinity and crystal morphology of CF/PPS composite after recrystallization, and impacts the micro and macro interfacial properties.Highlights
Transverse crystals transform to spherulites at CF/PPS interface after water uptake.
Water impacts on nucleation performance of T300 carbon fiber in PPS matrix.
Hydrothermal aging effect can be accumulated and promotes water uptake.
ILSS drop is related to water uptake content, crystallization and IFSS changes.
Agenesis of the corpus callosum: What to tell expecting parents?
Authors: Tsai Pascale , Shinar Shiri 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAgenesis of the corpus callosum (ACC) is one of the most common brain malformations, with an incidence estimated to range from 0.5 to 70 in 10,000 among the general population. Prenatal diagnosis is made via ultrasound; however, fetal MRI is useful to confirm or exclude the presence of associated cerebral abnormalities–mostly cortical malformations–that may affect postnatal prognosis. When no additional central nervous system (CNS) or extra CNS anomalies are identified and no genetic cause is found, an isolated ACC is diagnosed. Overall, in cases of ACC, an underlying genetic cause can be identified in up to 12.5% with chromosomal microarray (CMA) and up to 47% with whole exome sequencing (WES). In cases where ACC is the only anomaly detected, the yield of WES is 30%. Postnatal outcomes are variable and depend on whether the condition is isolated or not. In truly isolated ACC, outcomes range from normal in 65% of cases through mild to severe neurodevelopmental impairments in 35% of cases. An interdisciplinary team of medical experts is key in guiding parents toward informed decision‐making in pregnancies complicated by ACC. Considering current and expected advancements in genetic testing and imaging technologies in upcoming years, we herein summarize current recommendations for the management and prenatal counseling of expecting parents of fetuses with ACC. Our review pertains primarily to expecting parents of fetuses with complete ACC.
Enhancement of the screening effect in semiconductor detectors in the presence of the neutrino magnetic moment
Authors: Li Yu-Feng , Xia Shuo-yu 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The theoretical framework of the neutrino electron excitation at low energies including the screening effect in semiconductor detectors is developed for the first time, both in the Standard Model of particle physics and in the presence of the neutrino magnetic moment. We apply the framework of the non-relativistic effective theory on the neutrino electron scattering and explore the contribution of the screening effect of semiconductors to the neutrino electron excitation based on the linear response theory. We calculate the corresponding numerical results with the popular silicon and germanium targets and show that excitation rates from the neutrino magnetic moment are dramatically enhanced by the screening effect and the sensitivity can be significantly improved to the level of 10−13μB, much better than the current best limits from the laboratory and astrophysical probes.
Proliferation and apoptosis after whole-body irradiation: longitudinal PET study in a mouse model
Authors: Meindl Maria , Bläske Alexandra , Steiger Katja , Lindner Simon , Lindheimer Felix , Lauber Kirsten , Brix Nikko , von Ungern-Sternberg Barbara , Oos Rosel , Palumbo Giovanna , Böning Guido , Schüle Simone , Majewski Matthäus , Port Matthias , Ziegler Sibylle , Bartenstein Peter 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Purpose
A reliable method for regional in vivo imaging of radiation-induced cellular damage would be of great importance for the detection of therapy-induced injury to healthy tissue and the choice of adequate treatment of radiation emergency patients in both civilian and military events. This study aimed to investigate in a mouse model if positron emission tomography (PET) imaging with proliferation and apoptosis markers is potentially suitable for this purpose.

Methods
Four groups, including twenty mice (wild-type C57BL/6) each, were whole-body irradiated with 0 Gy, 0.5 Gy, 1 Gy, and 3 Gy and examined by PET over a six-month period at defined time points. 3'-[18F]fluoro-3'-deoxythymidine ([18F]FLT) and 2-(5-[18F]fluoropentyl)-2-methyl malonic acid ([18F]ML-10) were used to visualise proliferation and apoptosis. Regional standard uptake values were compared with respect to irradiation dose over time. Histologic data and peripheral blood cell values were correlated with the PET results.

Results
The hematopoietic bone marrow showed a significantly increased [18F]FLT signal at early time points after radiation exposure (day 3 and day 7). This correlated with blood parameters, especially leukocytes, and histological data. A significantly increased [18F]FLT signal also occurred in the gastrointestinal tract and thymus at early time points. An increased [18F]ML-10 signal related to irradiation doses was observed in the bone marrow on day 8, but there was a high variability of standard uptake values and no correlation with histological data.

Conclusion
[18F]FLT showed potential to visualise the extent, regional distribution and recovery from radiation-induced cellular damage in the bone marrow, gastrointestinal tract and thymus. The potential of [18F]FLT imaging to assess the extent of bone marrow affected by irradiation might be especially useful to predict the subsequent severity of hematopoietic impairment and to adapt the therapy of the bone marrow reserve. [18F]ML-10 PET proved to be not sensitive enough for the reliable detection of radiation induced apoptosis.
Survival Impacts of Impaired Lung Functions and Comorbidities on Elderly Esophageal Cancer Patients
Authors: Sugawara Kotaro , Oka Daiji , Hara Hiroki , Yoshii Takako , Fukuda Takashi 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundPreoperative physiological assessments are crucial for optimizing clinical outcomes, especially those of elderly esophageal cancer (EC) patients who are generally frail and at the high risk of mortality.MethodsPatients who underwent surgery for EC between 2004 and 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were categorized into elderly (>70 years) or non‐elderly (≤70 years) groups. Various physiological parameters including the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), immunonutritional parameters and pulmonary functions were studied. Pulmonary functions included %vital capacity (VC) and forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1.0) and FEV1.0%. The thresholds were set as the lowest quartile (100% for %VC and 2L for FEV1.0) in this cohort. Multivariate Cox hazards models were applied to determine independent predictors of non‐EC‐related deaths.ResultsIn total, 824 patients were included (elderly; n = 306, non‐elderly; n = 518). Elderly patients had a significantly lower 5‐year OS rate than non‐elderly patients (53.3% vs. 57.2%, P = 0.03), mainly due to increased risk of death from non‐EC related causes. In the elderly group, multivariate Cox hazards analysis identified 3 independent predictors of non‐EC‐related deaths; high CCI (HR 1.98, P=0.006), low %VC (HR 2.01, P = 0.004) and low FEV1.0 (HR 1.6, P=0.048). Elderly patients without risk factors had a significantly better 5‐year OS rate (63.5%) than those with 1 (50.0%) or 2–3 (36.3%) risk factors (P <0.01). Deaths due to pulmonary disease rose significantly as the number of risk factors increased (P=0.03).ConclusionsThe severity of comorbidities and pulmonary function impairments are useful for predicting long‐term outcomes, especially non‐EC‐related deaths, in elderly EC patients.