bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Atrophic and Regenerative Changes in Rabbit Mimic Muscles after Lidocaine and Bupivacaine Application
Authors: Çalgüner E. , Gözi̇l R. , Erdoǧan D. , Kurt İ. , Keski̇l S. , Elmas Ç. , Sabuncuoǧlu H. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryDestruction and denervation atrophy in skeletal muscles caused by the injection of local anaesthetics was investigated by injecting lidocaine or bupivacaine around the rabbit facial nerve to produce facial paralysis. Animals were then sacrificed at 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks post‐injection, and changes in mimic muscle tissue were assessed at each stage by light microscopy and electron microscopy. Atrophic changes were observed at 2–6 weeks after injection, and regeneration started at 6–8 weeks. Compared to bupivacaine, lidocaine caused more dramatic atrophic changes and was associated with slower muscle regeneration.
Untersuchungen über Fichtengallenläuse, Dreyfusia spp. (Hom., Adelgidae) und deren Predatoren in der Nord‐Türkei
Authors: Eichhorn Von O. 
Published: March 2003

Abstract: In the East Pontic mountains at Giresun (Black Sea shore) three species of the genus Dreyfusia have been established: D. nordmannianae Eckst. and D. prelli Grosm. on Abies nordmanniana Link. and Picea orientalis Link. and Dreyfusia nov. spec. on A. nordmanniana. The latter species, earlier known from Greece and the Balkans, but not yet described is most probably unholocyctic on fir.In the Zigana mountains between Trabzon and Gümüsane a species producing plenty galls on young P. orientalis trees and closely resembling D. merkeri Eichh. has been observed. Further investigations are necessary to evaluate whether or not it lives unholocyclic on spruce.In the West Pontic mountains near Bolu D. nordmannianae was intensively studied in twig infestations on A. bornmülleriana Mattf. The pattern of attack differs greatly from the one experienced in central Europe in that almost exclusively the current year’s shoots are attacked whereas the leader and the older twig axis remain free of attack. In Europe all parts of the trees are colonized.Considering the known facts about generation‐ and morph sequences, morph determination and phenological behaviour of D. nordmannianae the characteristics of their population dynamics in Turkey and the interactions of the curious mode of attack and the extraordinary efficiency of their special predators have been completely evaluated.
Die Verbreitung der Roßkastanien‐Miniermotte Cameraria ohridellaDesch. & Dimic (Lepid., Gracillariidae) in der Region Südtirol‐Trentino
Authors: Hellrigl Von Klaus , Ambrosi Paolo 
Published: March 2003

Abstract: A survey on the present distribution of the horse chestnut leafmining moth, Cameraria ohridella Desch. & Dimic 1986, in Europe and in Italy is given: In Europe, within a period of 15 years, the leafminer – recently introduced into Central Europe – has settled in an area that spreads over 13 latitudinal and about 20 longitudinal degrees; in Northern Italy, an area of approximately 50,000 km2 has been afflicted in the 5 years since the leafminer’s introduction in South Tyrol and Julian Venetia in 1993.The development of the distribution in the region of South Tyrol and Trentino is shown: In the province of Bozen‐South Tyrol, between 1995 and 1999 the moth has spread in all the three principal valleys (Eisacktal, Pustertal, Etschtal); in the Trentino province, first local attacks began only in 1998, near Trento and Riva, but spread over the entire Etschtal/Adige Valley in 1999. While in South Tyrol C. ohridella was introduced from the North (North Tyrol), the introduction into the Trentino occured from the South (Verona).At present the attacks in Trentino province are preponderantly low (resulting heavy only in the city of Trento and in Riva del Garda) and limited to altitudes ranging from 70 to 700 in. In South Tyrol, attacks are mainly heavy in altitudes ranging from 250 to 900/950 m, while they are low in the increasingly affected higher altitudes of 1,000 to 1,230 m. Numeric attack parameters are given to show attack intensities.The number of generations per year depends on the respective climatic conditions: in lower‐altitudes, usually three generations develop in a year, but in higher altitudes (800 to 1,100 m) only two generations; in the climatically favoured area around the Lake Garda a (partial) fourth generation appears possible.The question of host plants (Aesculus sp., Acer sp.) and the larval parasitism of C. ohridella is discussed. The parasitism of the larvae, principally by Eulophidae (Hym., Chalcidoidea), was ascertained already in the first years of attack: In South Tyrol, 16 species of parasitoids appeared, and 8 in the Trentino province, but only two species were dominant: Minotetrastichus sp. and Pnigalio sp. The level of parasitism reached was low, comparable to other Central European countries.
Cereal aphid flight activity in Hungary and England compared by suction traps
Authors: Basky By Z. , Harrington> R. 
Published: March 2003

Abstract: Cereal aphid flight was monitored by 12.2 m suction traps at Szolnok in the middle of the Great Hungarian Plain and at Rothamsted, UK. Flight activities of Rhopalosiphum padi, Metopolophium dirbodum and Sitobion avenae were compared by the cross correlation function (CCF) between Hungary and UK. There was significant synchrony between flight a‐tivity in Hungary and UK of R padi, M. dirbodum and S. avenae based on the eight years weekly sample data. The peak flight occurred 1, 3 and 2 weeks later at Rothamsted than at Szolnok for the three species (the CCF values were at – 1 week lag, r = 0.854, – 3 week lag r = 0.809, – 2 week lag r = 0.883, P < 0.05 respectively). When the flights in individual years were compared within species and between places the syn‐chrony was lowest for R. padi: – in 4 years out of 8 and there was no synchrony, in the other years when synchrony occurred the time lag varied between – 1 week and – 4 weeks. For M. dirhodum the time lag varied between 1 and – 5 weeks, the synchrony was the best for S. avenae the week lag varied between 0 and – 3 weeks.Our results show that flight activity of cereal aphids at Szolnok occurs 1‐3 weeks earlier than at Rothamsted. The crop season is earlier in Hungary than in England.
Host plant preference of Diuraphis noxia (Kurdj.) (Hom., Aphididae)
Authors: Mezey Á. , Szalay‐Marzsó L. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractHost plant preference of the Russian wheat aphid Diuraphis noxia (Kurdj.) was studied on 11 cultivars of 9 plant species: winter barley, spring barley, winter wheat, spring wheat, rye, oat, Triticale, canary grass, red millet yellow millet and maize. Seeds of the host plants were sown in a circle near the edge of pots. The host plant choice was evaluated 24 hours after releasing 55 Diuraphis noxia female adults in the middle of each pot. The suitability of different hosts for aphid development was evaluated 2, 7 and 14 days after infestation based on the mean number of Russian wheat aphid individuals per plant. Red millet, yellow millet and maize were chosen by significantly fewer aphids than grain crops. Winter and spring barley were chosen as hosts most frequently, and the progeny production was also the highest on these plants. The growth rate of D. noxia was significantly affected by the host plants and the date of assessment and their interaction.
Treatment of rice with diatomaceous earth and effects on the mortality  of the Red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum (Herbst)
Authors: Mewis Inga , Ulrichs Christian 
Published: March 2003

AbstractDiatomaceous earth has been demonstrated in Australia, Germany, and the USA to protect stored products from infestation by insect pests. However, application of diatomaceous earth has rarely been used in Asian countries for the protection of stored grain from insect damage. These facts and the paucity of existing data from the tropics prompted the present study of storage with diatomaceous earth. We exposed rice treated with the diatomaceous earth product Fossil Shield® to infestation by Tribolium castaneum Herbst. During the dry season, when tests were conducted, the mean temperature was 29 ± 2 °C and relative humidity was 80 ± 3 %. The population of T. castaneum in rice was significantly reduced after treatment with Fossil Shield®. Diatomaceous earth at 1 g and 2 g per kilogram rice reduced population growth of T. castaneum to a coefficient of 0.27, and 0.02 respectively after 42 days. Fossil Shield® at 0.5 g per kilogram rice increased the mortality of T. castaneum, but did not stop population growth.
Passive dispersal of the grape rust mite Calepitrimerus vitis Nalepa 1905 (Acari, Eriophyoidea) in vineyards
Authors: Duffner K. , Schruft G. , Guggenheim R. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractModes of passive dispersal of the grape rust mite Calepitrimerus vitis (Eriophyoidea) were investigated in a vineyard of South‐Western Germany. More than 200 Eriophyoidea per month were trapped in a wind chamber during summer (32,1 % C. vitis) suggesting long‐distance dispersal by air currents. Rain washed part of the adult C. vitis population from the foliage. SE micrographs suggest that quiescent nymphs are affixed to the leaf by a substance of unknown nature. However, the role of rain in C. vitis colonisation of uninfested vineyards is still unclear, as is the role of phoretic transport by arthropods. For the first time, evidence of rust mite dispersal by human activity is presented. A large number of C. vitis was found adhering to clothes and hands of workers carrying out customary cultural practices in the vineyard. Other arthropods, including Typhlodromus pyri, the main predator of C. vitis, were also passively transported by wind, rain and human activity.
Beetles (Coleoptera) caught with pheromones of Gnathotrichus retusus and G. sulcatus (Col., Scolytidae) in southern Finland
Authors: Martikainen P. , Viiri H. , Räty M. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe ambrosia beetle Gnathotrichus materiarius, which originally came from North America, was discovered in southern Finland in 1996. In 1997, using Norwegian drainpipe traps baited with pheromones of Gnathotrichus retusus and G. sulcatus, we collected beetles in the region where the first specimen had been caught in order to determine whether this potential pest species had become established in the area. Samples from a total of 16 traps included 79 species of beetles and 719 individuals, but no specimens of G. materiarius. The most abundant species in the samples were the ambrosia beetles Xyleborus dispar and Trypodendron lineatum. Several predators and other associates of bark beetles were also captured. The majority of the beetles caught were saproxylic species.
The scale Nemolecanium graniformis (Wunn) (Homoptera: Coccidae) in Greece
Authors: Stathas G. J. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe phenology and natural enemies of Nemolecanium graniformis (Wunn) (Homoptera: Coccidae) in infesting Abies cephalonica, were studied in Greece during 1998 – 1999. This oviparous species develops one generation per year in Central Greece (Attica) and overwinters as 2nd instar nymph. Young adult females appear by the end of July, and the first instar nymphs by the middle of August. By the middle of October, the whole population of the scale is recorded as 2nd instar nymphs. The parasitoids Coccophagus lycimnia (Walker), Coccophagus Westwood sp., Aphycoides Mercet sp. and the predator Exochomus quadripustulatus L. (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), were observed as natural enemies of the scale. The average fecundity of N. graniformis was 188.4 eggs.
The effect of carbon dioxide under pressure against eggs of Ephestia kuehniella Zeller and adults of Stegobium paniceum (L.) and Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.)
Authors: Nielsen P. S. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe efficacy of an atmosphere with a high content of carbon dioxide under a pressure of 5 and 10 bar against young eggs of Ephestia kuehniella Zeller (Lep.: Pyralidae) and adults of Stegobium paniceum (L.) (Col.: Anobiidae) and Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.) (Col.: Cucujidae) was investigated. At a pressure level of 10 bar, a 100 % mortality in eggs of E. kuehniella was obtained after 4 hours. Complete control was not obtained with the adult beetles, except for a 2 hour‐treatment at 10 bar with individuals of S. paniceum, which not were offered protection. It is demonstrated that when working with an atmosphere of carbon dioxide under pressure of 10 bar for 2 hours, even a slight protection from food material will influence the mortality. The reason for these findings are discussed.
Use of standard toxicity tests with Typhlodromus pyri and Aphidius rhopalosiphi to establish a dose‐response relationship
Authors: Grimm C. , Schmidli H. , Bakker F. , Brown K. , Campbell P. , Candolfi M. , Chapman P. , Harrison E. G. , Mead‐Briggs M. , Schmuck R. , Ufer A. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe existing standardised test systems for assessing the toxicity of crop protection products to the non‐target arthropods Typhlodromus pyri (Acari: Phytoseiidae) and Aphidius rhopalosiphi (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae) are limit tests designed to compare a single‐use rate of the product with a water control. The suitability of these test systems for generating dose‐response data as required for refined ecotoxicological risk assessment was evaluated. Data on dose‐response toxicity of crop protection products to T. pyri and A. rhopalosiphi were generated under worst‐case laboratory and to T. pyri under extended laboratory conditions and analysed using the standard Probit method, a logistic regression, a generalised Probit analysis, and the moving average‐angle method in order to calculate the LR50‐values (application rate killing 50 % of the exposed organisms). The fit of the models, the precision of the resulting LR50 values, and the required minimum number of replicates were compared. In 85 % of the studies, at least one of the statistical methods led to satisfactory results. The moving average‐angle method was the most widely applicable method. The results show that the existing guidelines can be used to perform dose‐response tests. Implications for risk assessment are discussed.
Additional diet of the parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) and the parasitizing of the Elm Bark Beetle (Coleoptera: Scolytidae)
Authors: Manojlovic B. , Zabel A. , Stankovic S. , Kostic M. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractSupplementing the diet of Coeloides scolyticida, Dendrosoter protuberans and Ecphylus silesiacus (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) with Parker’s diet and the nectars of melliferous plants: Daucus carota L., Sinapis alba L. and Stachys recta L. had a significant effect on longevity, reproduction, developmental rate, and parasitizing of Scolytus scolytus (Fab.), Scolytus multistriatus (Marsh.) and Scolytus pygmaeus (Fab.) (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). These values were considerably lower for wasps fed with the nectar of Sinapis arvensis L. and Trifolium repens L. and the lowest for those without dietary additives.  Parker’s diet had the most significant effect on the parasitoids and parasitizing of the bark beetles. Nectar of S. recta and S. alba proved most suitable for C. scolyticida and D. protuberans, while E. silesiacus using the nectar from D. carota flower significantly increased parasitizing of S. pygmaeus. T. repens flowers were not a suitable additive for the diet of parasitoids. The parasitoids without additives in their diet had shorter lives, shorter development, and were less effective in reducing host numbers. E. silesiacus wasps had the longest development, and C. scolyticida the shortest. Generally, the parasitoids of the second generation had a slightly prolonged development (1 – 2 days).
Reproductive potential of the parasitic wasp Microplitis rufiventris Kok. (Hym.: Braconidae), reared in hosts treated with chitin synthesis inhibitors
Authors: Khafagi W. E. , Hegazi E. M. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractDifferent developmental stages of Microplitis rufiventris Kok. larvae were each exposed to a sublethal dosage (0.4 ppm) of Lefenuron [N‐{2,5‐dichloro‐4‐(1,1,2,3,3,3‐hexafluoropropoxy)‐phenylaminocarbonyl}‐2, 6‐difluorobenzamide] or Lefenuron/Deltanet [O‐n‐butylO‐(2.2‐dimethyl‐2, 3‐dihydrobenzofuran‐7‐y1)‐N, N’‐dimethyl‐N‐N’‐thiodicarbamate] by feeding treated artificial diets to parasitized Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.) larvae to evaluate their effects on the reproductive potential of resulting parasitoids. Lefenuron treatments caused a great reduction in the reproductive ability of either the host insect or its parasitoid. Ovaries of parasitoid females (1 day old) emerged from Lefenuron/Deltanet treatments contained more ova than those from either Lefenuron or controls. Experienced females from Lefenuron/Deltanet treatments deposited significantly more eggs and contained at death more remaining mature oocytes in their calyx and egg‐reservoirs. The combination of carbamate insecticide (Deltanet) and chitin‐inhibiting growth regulator (Lefenuron) may enhance the reproductive ability of insect parasitoid and may provide a potential means for developing more effective biological control methods against insect pests.
Untersuchungen zur überlebensfähigkeit und Entwicklung der Larven zweier Herkünfte des Schwammspinners Lymantria dispar L. (Lep.: Lymantriidae) in Abhängigkeit von der Fraßpflanze*
Authors: Lobinger G. , Skatulla U. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe polyphagous gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar) is able to feed on about 400 different woody plant species. In general, oak species are preferred – on the other hand some other groups of plants are avoided on account of the presence of toxic substances. These unfavoured hosts are, for example, most of the Papilionaceae, like locust (Robinia pseudoacacia). We compared survival rate and development of two populations of different origin with long‐term habituation to oak and locust, respectively. Larvae from the population habituated to oak proved unable to develop on locust food. There must be a lack of detoxification systems to modify the toxic alcaloids and flavenoids produced by Robinia pseudoacacia. On the other hand, larvae isolated from an locust stand were able to feed on oak leaves without problems in larval development or eclosion of adults. Gypsy moth larvae specialized on locust as host showed increased mortality (up to 27 %) in the early larval instars, but the surviving animals, especially female individuals, reached significantly higher pupal weights and showed better fecundity: 40 % higher egg numbers/egg mass compared to those feeding on oak. These results indicate that the gypsy moth population originating from the locust forest had achieved a high level of metabolic adaptation to this host plant and formed a ‘biotype’ of Lymantria dispar with optimal reproductive conditions in this special habitat.
Cono‐ and seminiphagous insects of Abies alba Mill. in the Gorce National Park in Poland during 1996 – 19981
Authors: Skrzypczyńska M. , Sudoł‐Kornalewicz A. , Kornalewicz A. , Biczak J. , Rodkiewicz S. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractA study was conducted on the insects infesting seeds and cones of Abies alba Mill. in the Gorce National Park, in southern Poland during 1996 – 1998. A total of 856 cones were collected from 66 trees growing at 11 sites located in partially or strictly protected forest reserves. Of this sample, 217 cones with 54,958 seeds were dissected. This study yielded 5,816 specimens of insects, namely: seminiphagous Resseliella piceae Seitn., Megastigmus suspectus Borr. as well as conophagous Earomyia impossibile Morge, Barbara herrichiana Obr. and Dioryctria abietella (Den. et Schiff.). The most abundant species was R. piceae with 4,186 individuals. The index of cone infestation was calculated. It showed great variability between forest reserves and study‐years. The numbers of insect individuals, numbers of viable and infertile seeds, and seeds damaged by M. suspectus and R. piceae, in both strict and partial reserves in the consecutive years were compared statistically. The test of significant differences between two frequencies at 0.05 level was used in statistical analysis. In both strict and partial reserves, statistically significant differences were found between studied variables.
Suppression of development of Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) (Col.: Bruchidae) in bambara groundnut seeds exposed to solar heat in the Nigerian savanna
Authors: Lale N. E. S. , Ajayi F. A. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe effect of solarization on the development of Callosobruchus maculatus was investigated in the Nigerian savanna during the hot season from April to May, 1999. Development of C. maculatus adult progeny was completely suppressed in seeds of bambara groundnut, Vigna subterranea bearing bruchid eggs or harbouring first and second instar larvae that were exposed to the sun in metal tins, clay pots or polypropylene sacks for 7, 14 or 28 h. Adults of C. maculatus developed only in seeds that were not exposed to sun. Solarization did not have a significant adverse effect on germinability of bambara groundnut seeds.
Effect of Neem extract on Lymantria dispar L. (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) and Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)
Authors: Zabel A. , Manojlovic B. , Rajkovic S. , Stankovic S. , Kostic And M. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractHigh antifeedancy and low toxicity of the plant preparation Neem (azadirachtin), on the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar L. larvae were proved under laboratory conditions. A high index of Neem antifeedancy was confirmed in all tested concentrations. Under laboratory conditions the Neem had satisfying antifeedancy on Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say third instar larvae too. Field experiments also proved that the foliage protective effect of Neem was very significant. Experiments showed that some antifeedants or repellents, such as Neem, should control olygophagous (L. decemlineata, Coleoptera) insects as well as very polyphagous insects such as L. dispar (Lepidoptera). As a biological, plant‐derived preparation, Neem could be suitable for integrated pest management (IPM) programs, especially in small orchards, parks, and tree rows in urban environments and on small private gardens.
Parasitism of the horse chestnut leaf miner, Cameraria ohridellaDeschka and Dimic (Lep., Gracillariidae), in Serbia and Macedonia
Authors: Freise J. F. , Heitland W. , Tosevski I. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractA study concerning the parasitism of Cameraria ohridella, a pest of Aesculus hippocastanum invading Europe, has been carried out in Serbia and Macedonia in 1998 and 1999. From C. ohridella 14 species of parasitoids were reared, which are polyphagous and occur in the whole of Europe. Twelve of the species found belong to the Chalcidoidean family Eulophidae. The rates of parasitism at different sampling dates did not exceed 25 %. The results, when compared with data from central Europe, showed that C. ohridella most certainly does not originate from Serbia or Macedonia – the regions in which C. ohridella was observed for the first time – as an indigenous leaf miner on A. hippocastanum.