bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk of major adverse cardiovascular events associated with elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in a population with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease with and without type 2 diabetes: a UK database analysis using the Clinical Practice Research Datalink
Authors: Morgan Christopher Ll , Durand Adeline , McCormack Terry , Hughes Elizabeth , Berni Thomas R , Lahoz Raquel 
Published: November 2023

ObjectivesTo estimate the 12-month probabilities of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and non-cardiovascular death in patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) and elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C).DesignA retrospective database analysis.SettingUK primary care.ParticipantsPatients were selected from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (Aurum) linked to Hospital Episode Statistics inpatient and Office of National Statistics mortality datasets. Patients with an ASCVD diagnosis between 01 January 2010 and 31 May 2018 and LDL-C ≥2.6 mmol/L were selected.Primary outcomesPrimary outcomes were 12-month risk of (1) MACE (composite of revascularisation, unstable angina, non-fatal myocardial infarction, non-fatal stroke and cardiovascular death) and (2) non-cardiovascular mortality. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis estimated the probability of each outcome. A Cox proportional hazards model explored covariates associated with MACE.ResultsOf 102 245 study patients, 16 501 (16.1%) had a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes (T2DM). 65.5% of those with and 49.9% of those without T2DM had a lipid-lowering therapy (LLT) 6 months prior to index diagnosis. Twelve-month probability of MACE was 7.9% for non-T2DM and 11.8% for T2DM. LDL-C was significantly associated with risk of MACE (HR=1.19 (95% CI 1.16 to 1.22) per 1 mmol/L). History of acute coronary syndrome, other coronary heart disease, stroke and T2DM significantly increased the risk of MACE. Ezetimibe (0.88 (95% CI 0.79 to 0.99)) and low-intensity statins (0.88 (95% CI 0.79 to 0.97)) were associated with reduced 12-month MACE risk.and low-intensity statins 0.88 (95% CI 0.79 to 0.97)ConclusionWe confirmed the association between elevated LDL-C and MACE. Many patients with ASCVD and elevated LDL-C were untreated with LLT. With the increasing demands on general practitioners, initiatives aimed at improving identification and treatment of at-risk patients within primary care should be considered.
Effect of temperature fluctuations in cold seasons on acute myocardial infarction hospitalisations in northeast China: a retrospective observational cohort study
Authors: Zhang Ningning , Cao Pengyu , Zhao Lijing , Wang Lin , Shao Wangshu , Li Rongyu 
Published: November 2023

ObjectiveThis study aimed to determine the potential influence of ambient temperature on the incidence of acute myocardial infarction (AMI).DesignA retrospective observational cohort study.SettingChangchun, a northeastern city in China, has a temperate continental humid climate.Participants1933 AMI patients admitted to the outpatient department of the First Hospital of Jilin University were included in the study from 1 January 2017 to 31 December 2019.Outcome measureWe explored the effect of daily minimum and maximum temperatures, as well as temperature changes on two adjacent days, on the incidence of daily AMI from 1 to 5 days later in Changchun.ResultsWe found that the average daily number of AMI cases was higher from October to April in cold season compared with the period between May and September in warm season. When the daily maximum temperature is ≤−6°C on the −2nd day, the incidence of AMI>3 persons more than doubled (from 8.51% and 10.88% to 20.23%) in the next 2 days (p=0.027); and more than 65% of the days had a maximum temperature fluctuation on |(−2nd day) − (−3rd day)| ≥2°C in these days, the OR of the daily incidence of AMI>3 persons is 3.107 (p=0.018); and in these days with enhanced temperature fluctuations, the proportion of AMI patients with hypertension had increased significantly from 20.83% to 45.39% (p=0.023).ConclusionAmbient temperature as environmental factor has a seasonal effect on the incidence of AMI in temperate continental humid climate regions, with a 2–3 days lag. Furthermore, the key factor contributing to the increase in the daily incidence of AMI during the cold season is temperature fluctuations, and maintaining a constant temperature may aid in preventing the occurrence of AMI.Trial registration numberChiCTR2300068294.
REstrictive versus StandarD FlUid Management in Mechanically Ventilated ChildrEn Admitted to PICU: study protocol for a pilot randomised controlled trial (REDUCE-1)
Authors: Raman Sainath , Rahiman Sarfaraz , Kennedy Melanie , Mattke Adrian , Venugopal Prem , McBride Craig , Tu Quyen , Zapf Florian , Kuhlwein Eva , Woodgate Jemma , Singh Puneet , Schlapbach Luregn J , Gibbons Kristen S 
Published: November 2023

IntroductionIntravenous fluid therapy is the most common intervention in critically ill children. There is an increasing body of evidence questioning the safety of high-volume intravenous fluid administration in these patients. To date, the optimal fluid management strategy remains unclear. We aimed to test the feasibility of a pragmatic randomised controlled trial comparing a restrictive with a standard (liberal) fluid management strategy in critically ill children.Methods and analysisMulticentre, binational pilot, randomised, controlled, open-label, pragmatic trial. Patients <18 years admitted to paediatric intensive care unit and mechanically ventilated at the time of screening are eligible. Patients with tumour lysis syndrome, diabetic ketoacidosis or postorgan transplant are excluded. Interventions: 1:1 random assignment of 154 individual patients into two groups—restrictive versus standard, liberal, fluid strategy—stratified by primary diagnosis (cardiac/non-cardiac). The intervention consists of a restrictive fluid bundle, including lower maintenance fluid allowance, limiting fluid boluses, reducing volumes of drug delivery and initiating diuretics or peritoneal dialysis earlier. The intervention is applied for 48 hours postrandomisation or until discharge (whichever is earlier). Endpoints: The number of patients recruited per month and proportion of recruited to eligible patients are feasibility endpoints. New-onset acute kidney injury and the incidence of clinically relevant central venous thrombosis are safety endpoints. Fluid balance at 48 hours after randomisation is the efficacy endpoint. Survival free of paediatric intensive care censored at 28 days is the clinical endpoint.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval was gained from the Children’s Health Queensland Human Research Ethics Committee (HREC/21/QCHQ/77514, date: 1 September 2021), and University of Zurich (2021-02447, date: 17 March 2023). The trial is registered with the Australia New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12621001311842). Open-access publication in high impact peer-reviewed journals will be sought. Modern information dissemination strategies will also be used including social media to disseminate the outcomes of the study.Trial registration numberACTRN12621001311842.Protocol version/dateV5/23 May 2023.
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on surgical volume and outcomes in spine surgery: a multicentre retrospective study in Tokyo
Authors: Oshima Yasushi , Ohtomo Nozomu , Kawamura Naohiro , Higashikawa Akiro , Hara Nobuhiro , Ono Takashi , Takeshita Yujiro , Fukushima Masayoshi , Azuma Seiichi , Kato So , Matsubayashi Yoshitaka , Taniguchi Yuki , Tanaka Sakae 
Published: November 2023

ObjectivesTo investigate the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on surgical volume and outcomes in spine surgery.DesignA retrospective cohort study using prospectively collected data.Setting and participantsA total of 9935 patients who underwent spine surgery between January 2019 and December 2021 at eight high-volume spine centres in the Greater Tokyo metropolitan area were included.Outcome measuresThe primary outcome measures were the number of surgical cases, perioperative complications and patient-reported outcomes, including numerical rating scales for each body part, Euro quality of life 5-dimension (EQ5D), Neck Disability Index and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI).ResultsThe total number of surgeries in 2020 and 2021 remained lower than that of 2019, with respective percentages of 93.1% and 95.7% compared with the prepandemic period, with a marked reduction observed in May 2020 compared with the same period in 2019 (56.1% decrease). There were no significant differences between the prepandemic and postpandemic groups in the incidence of perioperative complications, although the frequency of reoperation tended to be higher in the postpandemic group (3.04% vs 3.76%, p=0.05). Subgroup analysis focusing on cervical spine surgery revealed significantly worse preoperative EQ5D scores in the postpandemic group (0.57 vs 0.54, p=0.004). Similarly, in lumbar spine surgery, the postpandemic group showed higher levels of leg pain (5.7 vs 6.1 to 0.002) and worse ODI scores (46.2 vs 47.7 to 0.02). However, postoperative outcomes were not different between pre and post-pandemic groups.ConclusionsThe COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted spinal surgeries in Japan, leading to a decrease in surgical volumes and changes in patient characteristics and surgical procedures. However, surgical outcomes remained comparable between the pre and postpandemic periods, indicating the resilience and adaptability of healthcare systems.
Randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial of the effect of the omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) on colorectal cancer recurrence and survival after surgery for resectable liver metastases: EPA for Metastasis Trial 2 (EMT2) study protocol
Authors: Hull Mark A , Ow Pei Loo , Ruddock Sharon , Brend Tim , Smith Alexandra F , Marshall Helen , Song Mingyang , Chan Andrew T , Garrett Wendy S , Yilmaz Omer , Drew David A , Collinson Fiona , Cockbain Andrew J , Jones Robert , Loadman Paul M , Hall Peter S , Moriarty Catherine , Cairns David A , Toogood Giles J 
Published: November 2023

IntroductionThere remains an unmet need for safe and cost-effective adjunctive treatment of advanced colorectal cancer (CRC). The omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) is safe, well-tolerated and has anti-inflammatory as well as antineoplastic properties. A phase 2 randomised trial of preoperative EPA free fatty acid 2 g daily in patients undergoing surgery for CRC liver metastasis showed no difference in the primary endpoint (histological tumour proliferation index) compared with placebo. However, the trial demonstrated possible benefit for the prespecified exploratory endpoint of postoperative disease-free survival. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that EPA treatment, started before liver resection surgery (and continued postoperatively), improves CRC outcomes in patients with CRC liver metastasis.Methods and analysisThe EPA for Metastasis Trial 2 trial is a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial of 4 g EPA ethyl ester (icosapent ethyl (IPE; Vascepa)) daily in patients undergoing liver resection surgery for CRC liver metastasis with curative intent. Trial treatment continues for a minimum of 2 years and maximum of 4 years, with 6 monthly assessments, including quality of life outcomes, as well as annual clinical record review after the trial intervention. The primary endpoint is CRC progression-free survival. Key secondary endpoints are overall survival, as well as the safety and tolerability of IPE. A minimum 388 participants are estimated to provide 247 CRC progression events during minimum 2-year follow-up, allowing detection of an HR of 0.7 in favour of IPE, with a power of 80% at the 5% (two sided) level of significance, assuming drop-out of 15%.Ethics and disseminationEthical and health research authority approval was obtained in January 2018. All data will be collected by 2025. Full trial results will be published in 2026. Secondary analyses of health economic data, biomarker studies and other translational work will be published subsequently.Trial registration numberNCT03428477.
Feasibility and acceptability of using the Alarm Distress BaBy (ADBB) scale within universal health visiting practice in England: a mixed-methods study protocol
Authors: Baldwin Sharin , Insan Nafisa , Beauchamp Hilda , Gilroy Vicky , Morton Alison , Barlow Jane 
Published: November 2023

IntroductionThe Alarm Distress BaBy (ADBB) scale developed by Guedeney and Fermanian in 2001, is a validated screening tool designed for use by healthcare practitioners to identify infant social withdrawal. This study will explore the acceptability and feasibility of the use of the full ADBB scale and a modified ADBB (m-ADBB) scale as part of routine health visiting visits in England.Methods and analysisA mixed methods sequential exploratory design will be used. Five health visitors will be trained in using the ADBB scale and 20 in the m-ADBB scale, from two National Health Service sites in England. Qualitative semi-structured interviews will be carried out with health visitors after they receive the training and again 2 months after using the scales in routine family health visits. Quantitative data will also be collected from the same participants for a range of items during the study period. The theoretical framework of Normalisation Process Theory will underpin the study, to provide in-depth explanations of the implementation process. Qualitative data will be analysed using thematic analysis. Quantitative data will be analysed using descriptive analysis.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval was granted by the University of Oxford Departmental Research Ethics Committee. Dissemination of results will be via organisational websites, social media platforms, newsletters, professional networks, conferences and journal articles.
The architecture of basalt reservoirs in the North Atlantic Igneous Province with implications for basalt carbon sequestration
Authors: Rosenqvist Marija P. , Millett John M. , Planke Sverre , Johannesen Rakul M. , Passey Simon R. , Sørensen Erik V. , Vosgerau Henrik , Jamtveit Bjørn 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Offshore CO
2
sequestration in basaltic formations of the North Atlantic Igneous Province may allow permanent storage of large volumes of CO
2
through rapid carbonate mineralization. Characterizing the internal architecture of such reservoirs is key to assessing the storage potential. In this study, six photogrammetry models and three boreholes on the Faroe Islands have been used to characterize the internal lava sequence architectures as a direct analogue to potential offshore North Atlantic Igneous Province storage sites. The studied formations are dominated by
c.
5 to 50 m thick simple and compound lava flows, with drill core observations documenting a transition from pāhoehoe moving towards ‘a’ā lava flow types interbedded with thin (<5 m thick) volcaniclastic rock units. The identification of flow margin breccias is potentially important as these units form excellent reservoirs in several other localities globally. Stacked, thick simple flows may present sealing units associated with dense flow interiors. Connected porous and permeable lava flow crusts present potential reservoirs; however, the degree of secondary mineralization and alteration can alter initially good reservoir units to impermeable barriers for fluid flow. Large-scale reservoir volumes may be present mainly within both vesicular, fractured pāhoehoe and brecciated flow margins of transitional simple lava flows.
Alcohol, Smoking, and Risks of Breast Cancer Recurrence and Mortality among Women with Luminal, Triple-Negative, and HER2-Overexpressing Breast Cancer
Authors: Loroña Nicole C. , Othus Megan , Malone Kathleen E. , Linden Hannah M. , Tang Mei-Tzu C. , Li Christopher I. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background:
This study evaluates the relationship between smoking, alcohol, and breast cancer outcomes according to molecular subtype.

Methods:
This population-based prospective cohort consisted of 3,876 women ages 20 to 69 diagnosed with a first primary invasive breast cancer from 2004 to 2015 in the Seattle–Puget Sound region. Breast cancer was categorized into three subtypes based on estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and HER2 expressions: luminal (ER+), triple-negative (TN; ER−/PR−/HER2−), and HER2-overexpressing (H2E; ER−/HER2+). We fit Cox proportional hazards models to assess the association between alcohol consumption and smoking status at diagnosis and risks of recurrence, breast cancer–specific mortality, and all-cause mortality.

Results:
Histories of ever smoking [HR, 1.33; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.01–1.74] and current smoking (HR, 1.59; 95% CI, 1.07–2.35) were associated with greater risk of breast cancer recurrence among TN cases. Smoking was also associated with greater risk of recurrence to bone among all cases and among luminal cases. Elevated risks of breast cancer–specific and all-cause mortality were observed among current smokers across all subtypes. Alcohol use was not positively associated with risk of recurrence or mortality overall; however, TN patients who drank four or more drinks per week had a decreased risk of recurrence (HR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.51–0.98) and breast cancer–specific mortality (HR, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.55–0.97) compared with non-current drinkers.

Conclusions:
Patients with breast cancer with a history of smoking at diagnosis have elevated risks of recurrence and mortality.

Impact:
These findings underscore the need to prioritize smoking cessation among women diagnosed with breast cancer.
Genomic Selection Signals in Andean Highlanders Reveal Adaptive Placental Metabolic Phenotypes That Are Disrupted in Preeclampsia
Authors: O’Brien Katie A. , Gu Wanjun , Houck Julie A. , Holzner Lorenz M.W. , Yung Hong Wa , Armstrong Jenna L. , Sowton Alice P. , Baxter Ruby , Darwin Paula M. , Toledo-Jaldin Lilian , Lazo-Vega Litzi , Moreno-Aramayo Any Elena , Miranda-Garrido Valquiria , Shortt Jonathan A. , Matarazzo Christopher J. , Yasini Hussna , Burton Graham J. , Moore Lorna G. , Simonson Tatum S. , Murray Andrew J. , Julian Colleen G. 
Published: November 2023

BACKGROUND:
The chronic hypoxia of high-altitude residence poses challenges for tissue oxygen supply and metabolism. Exposure to high altitude during pregnancy increases the incidence of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and fetal growth restriction and alters placental metabolism. High-altitude ancestry protects against altitude-associated fetal growth restriction, indicating hypoxia tolerance that is genetic in nature. Yet, not all babies are protected and placental pathologies associated with fetal growth restriction occur in some Andean highlanders.

METHODS:
We examined placental metabolic function in 79 Andeans (18–45 years; 39 preeclamptic and 40 normotensive) living in La Paz, Bolivia (3600–4100 m) delivered by unlabored Cesarean section. Using a selection-nominated approach, we examined links between putatively adaptive genetic variation and phenotypes related to oxygen delivery or placental metabolism.

RESULTS:

Mitochondrial oxidative capacity was associated with fetal oxygen delivery in normotensive but not preeclamptic placenta and was also suppressed in term preeclamptic pregnancy. Maternal haplotypes in or within 200 kb of selection-nominated genes were associated with lower placental mitochondrial respiratory capacity (
PTPRD
[protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor-δ]), lower maternal plasma erythropoietin (
CPT2
[carnitine palmitoyl transferase 2], proopiomelanocortin, and
DNMT3
[DNA methyltransferase 3]), and lower
VEGF
(vascular endothelial growth factor) in umbilical venous plasma (
TBX5
[T-box transcription factor 5]). A fetal haplotype within 200 kb of
CPT2
was associated with increased placental mitochondrial complex II capacity, placental nitrotyrosine, and GLUT4 (glucose transporter type 4) protein expression.

CONCLUSIONS:
Our findings reveal novel associations between putatively adaptive gene regions and phenotypes linked to oxygen delivery and placental metabolic function in highland Andeans, suggesting that such effects may be of genetic origin. Our findings also demonstrate maladaptive metabolic mechanisms in the context of preeclampsia, including dysregulation of placental oxygen consumption.
“To Make Books Is to Multiply”: Artists' Books and Feminist Expression in Mexico
Authors: Borowitz Maggie 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the late 1970s and early 80s, artist's books exploded in Mexico City. The impetus for this explosion has often been located in the artistic practice of the experimental artist Felipe Ehrenberg and the bookmaking workshops he offered beginning in 1976. While Ehrenberg was undoubtedly influential, this essay reexamines the history of this period—a so-called Golden Epoch of independent publishing in Mexico––in order to recuperate the significant role that feminist-aligned artists played in advancing the medium of the artist's book. In particular, I examine early editions produced by the artists Magali Lara and Yani Pecanins. Both prolific producers and staunch advocates for the artist's book medium, Lara and Pecanins wielded the book form's unique qualities in order to interrogate and validate aspects of women's experience that were often elided from both Mexican popular culture and the contemporaneous experimental art scene. Their early artist's books were conduits for feminist expression that pushed the limits of formal experimentation and forged new circuits of communication.
Revisiting Rasheed Araeen's Structures: 8bS at Manufactured Art, 1970
Authors: Gilchrist Kylie 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In May 1970, Rasheed Araeen's work “8bS” appeared in Manufactured Art, a group exhibition dedicated to artistic engagements with industrial processes and advanced technology. Araeen's contribution, like many of his 1960–70s works, comprised lattice-like structures that engaged forms and techniques common to his professional training as a civil engineer. Like the Minimalist object, “8bS” deployed the grammar of productive techniques to structure artistic form, breaking with the compositional principles of formalist modernism and moving towards art beyond objecthood. Yet Araeen's contribution to Manufactured Art suggests that Araeen's structures also avoided the limitations of the Minimalist object's negative mimesis of technological infrastructure, while anticipating subsequent manoeuvres by artists such as Robert Morris. Revisiting Araeen's structures in Manufactured Art reinforces the singular importance of Araeen's structuralist modality, while provincializing US Minimalism as one of multiple trajectories working out of the stasis of modernist objecthood.
Equal Representation of Women in the Superior Judiciary: A Comparative Analysis between Pakistan and the United Kingdom
Authors: Tahir Rida 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Pakistan does not have a senior judiciary that is representative of its population. Women are under-represented. There had never been any female Justices of the Supreme Court of Pakistan until January 2022, when Justice Ayesha Malik was appointed as the first female Supreme Court judge. Although there is no constitutional bar to appointing women to be judges, the system for appointing judges is based on outmoded notions of seniority that are hostile to women’s desire for career progression. The United Kingdom (UK) provides a valid comparison since the legal system of Pakistan is based on English law. The UK has been marginally more successful in promoting female judges. The UK features a more open and transparent system, from which Pakistan should consider borrowing elements, specifically, an independent Judicial Appointments Commission (jac). The UK model suggests that more positive change may occur in the future. A quota system may be effective in increasing appointments in Pakistan, although this may create its own difficulties. More fundamentally, building into the appointments process the recognition that women may have different social responsibilities than men may also facilitate change.