bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Benzodiazepine Use During Pregnancy and Risk of Miscarriage
Authors: Meng Lin-Chieh , Lin Chih-Wan , Chuang Hui-Min , Chen Liang-Kung , Hsiao Fei-Yuan 
Published: December 2023

ImportanceBenzodiazepine use during pregnancy has raised significant concerns due to the potential harmful effects of this drug class on neonates. Studies on the association between benzodiazepine use and the risk of miscarriage are limited.ObjectiveTo quantify the risk of miscarriage associated with benzodiazepine use during pregnancy after controlling for unmeasured confounders and exposure time trends.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis was a nationwide, population-based case-time-control study using Taiwan’s National Birth Certificate Application database and the National Health Insurance database. Pregnancies resulting in miscarriage between 2004 and 2018 were included in the case group and were 1:1 matched with exposure time-trend control individuals using disease risk score, considering demographic characteristics and prepregnancy comorbidities. Data were analyzed from August 2022 to March 2023.ExposuresDiscordant exposures to benzodiazepines during risk period (1-28 days before miscarriage) and 2 reference periods (31-58 days and 181-208 days before the last menstrual period) were compared for each pregnancy.Main Outcomes and MeasuresMiscarriage was defined as any pregnancy loss occurring between the first prenatal care visit (usually 8 weeks) and the 19th completed week of pregnancy.ResultsThis study comprised a total of 3 067 122 pregnancies among 1 957 601 women, 136 134 of which (4.4%) resulted in miscarriage. The mean (SD) age of the study population was 30.61 (5.91) years. The use of benzodiazepines during pregnancy was associated with an increased risk of miscarriage (odds ratio [OR], 1.69; 95% CI, 1.52-1.87), and consistent findings were observed across multiple sensitivity analyses considering different time windows and accounting for misclassification. In subgroup analyses, an increased risk of miscarriage was associated with each commonly used individual benzodiazepine, ranging from case-time-control ORs of 1.39 (95% CI, 1.17-1.66) for alprazolam to 2.52 (95% CI, 1.89-3.36) for fludiazepam.Conclusions and RelevanceThis nationwide case-time-control study revealed an increased risk of miscarriage associated with benzodiazepine use during pregnancy after accounting for measurable confounders, and results were unlikely to be due to unmeasured confounding. These findings underscore the necessity for health care professionals to meticulously balance the risk-benefit ratio when considering the use of benzodiazepines to treat psychiatric and sleep disorders during pregnancy.
O, N‐Codoped, Self‐Activated, Holey Carbon Sheets for Low‐Cost And High‐Loading Zinc‐Ion Supercapacitors
Authors: Xu Zhixiao , Sun Zhe , Shan Janay , Jin Song , Cui Jiayao , Deng Zhiping , Seo Min Ho , Wang Xiaolei 
Published: December 2023

AbstractLow‐cost and high‐loading cathodes are crucial for practical application of zinc‐ion supercapacitors (ZICs) but achieving optimal performance in high‐loading electrodes faces challenges due to sluggish ion transport, increased resistance, and unstable structure. Guided by theoretical calculations, high‐loading carbon cathodes based on holey activated carbon sheets (HACS) are fabricated from a carefully chosen molecule. A simple pyrolysis‐leaching treatment transformed the molecule into HACS with large surface area, hierarchical porous structure, and electroactive oxygen/nitrogen dopants. When combined with an aqueous binder, the optimized HACS‐based high‐loading electrode (16.1 mg cm−2) exhibits high‐capacitance (454 F g−1 ) and fast‐rate (1 A g−1) characteristics under lean electrolyte (6.2 µL mg−1). More impressively, HACS is dry‐pressed into free‐standing thick electrodes up to 35.4 mg cm−2 and corresponding practical ZIC under limited Zn and low N/P ratio demonstrates ultrahigh areal capacitance (9 F cm−2) and energy density (3.47 mWh cm−2). The outstanding performance can be attributed to fast ion transport enabled by through‐plane pores of HACS, as well as abundant double‐layer and redox‐active surfaces from favorable heteroatom‐doped porous nanosheets. With its cost‐effectiveness, elemental abundance, and structural tunability, this molecular carbon strategy offers a platform for making self‐activated carbon electrodes at the molecular level towards practical supercapacitors.
Size‐Selective Capture of Fluorocarbon Gases and Storage of Volatile Halogenated Organic Vapors with Low Boiling Points by Molecular‐Scale Cavities of Crystalline Pillar[n]quinones
Authors: Ohtani Shunsuke , Onishi Katsuto , Wada Keisuke , Hirohata Tomoki , Inagi Shinsuke , Pirillo Jenny , Hijikata Yuh , Mizuno Motohiro , Kato Kenichi , Ogoshi Tomoki 
Published: December 2023

AbstractFluorocarbon gases are regarded as one of the largest contributors to serious environmental problems such as ozone‐depletion and global warming, and thus, the development of reclamation technologies is in great demand for reducing emission of such harmful compounds. So far, porous materials such as zeolites, activated carbons, and metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) have been examined as solid‐state absorbents for fluorocarbon gases. However, such porous materials often suffer from a lack of size‐selectivity in fluorocarbon gas uptakes due to the large‐sized cavities (>1 nm). Herein, it is reported that macrocyclic pillar[n]quinones (P[n]Q, n = 5 or 6) in crystalline state show size‐selective uptake for fluorocarbon gases owing to their molecular‐scale cavities (<1 nm). The P[n]Q also show uptake behaviors for volatile halogenated organic compounds (VHOCs), which are highly toxic. Interestingly, the volatilities of VHOCs within the 1D channels of P[5]Q are drastically reduced compared with those of the bulk VHOC solvents. Experimental results and computational analyses revealed that the excellent storage abilities of the crystalline P[n]Q are a synergic result of their electron‐deficient macrocyclic scaffolds and the basic carbonyl oxygen atoms on their rims.
An Adhesive Immune‐Stimulating Multifunctional Hydrogel for Potent Tumor Chemoimmunotherapy and Postoperative Wound Healing Promotion
Authors: Wang Tianran , Ding Junfeng , Liang Shuang , Lin Zhiqiang , Yang Jiaxuan , Zhang Zhen , Zou Zheng , Li Gao , Chen Xuesi , He Chaoliang 
Published: December 2023

AbstractSurgical excision is the first choice for clinical cancer therapy. However, major challenges, such as postoperative tumor recurrence and unsatisfactory wound healing after surgery, remain. In this study, an adhesive hydrogel is developed as a multifunctional platform for antitumor chemoimmunotherapy and postoperative wound treatment. The hydrogel adheres firmly to diverse tissues and degrades within 4 weeks in vivo with good histocompatibility. The immune‐stimulating hydrogel ((DOX+R837@HN)@Gel) is fabricated by encapsulating doxorubicin (DOX) and imiquimod‐loaded HSA nanoparticles (R837@HNs) into the hydrogel. When combined with immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy, intratumorally administering (DOX+R837@HN)@Gel exhibits markedly enhanced systemic antitumor efficacy and strengthened antitumor immunity. For tumor surgical resection, (DOX+R837@HN)@Gel can adhere to the wounds and effectively prevents tumor recurrence and achieves long‐term immune memory with ICB therapy. Moreover, the hydrogel achieves rapid hemostasis and promotes wound healing after treating surgical wound models. Therefore, this multifunctional hydrogel has great significance for clinical postsurgical cancer treatment.
Coordination Engineering Based on Graphitic Carbon Nitrides for Long‐Life and High‐Capacity Lithium‐Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Sun Wenhao , Xu Lingyong , Song Zihao , Lin Hai , Jin Zhaoqing , Wang Weikun , Wang Anbang , Huang Yaqin 
Published: December 2023

AbstractLithium‐sulfur (Li‐S) batteries have received tremendous academic and industrial attentions owing to their ultrahigh energy density. However, technical challenges including lithium dendrite formation, polysulfide shuttling and sluggish sulfur reaction kinetics limit their cycle life, rate capability and areal capacity, especially at practically high sulfur loadings. Here, coordination‐engineered graphite carbon nitrides is proposed to effectively address these challenges. On the anode a layer of novel N‐rich graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C3N5) is applied, in which tricoordinated N atoms display strong affinity to Li+, to guide lithium deposition and efficiently inhibit dendrite formation. Besides, a layer of defective g‐C3N5 carrying highly active bicoordinated N vacancies and cyano N atoms is applied on the cathode, which significantly adsorb polysulfides and catalyze the reversible conversion, as well as the nucleation and dissolution of Li2S thereby outcompeting polysulfide shuttling and raising kinetics at high sulfur loading. This coordination‐engineering strategy based on g‐C3N5 enables Li‐S batteries exhibiting high stability and low capacity‐fading‐rate (0.03% per cycle) in 400 cycles at the high current rate of 4 C, as well as Li‐S pouch cells showing a high areal capacity of 11.69 mAh cm−2 at a high sulfur loading of 9.02 mg cm−2, demonstrating the feasibility of Li‐S batteries in practical applications.
A Porous Multi‐Stimuli‐Responsive Liquid Crystal Elastomer Actuator Enabled by Mof Loading
Authors: Jiang Jie , Ma Yaru , Cheng Ruidong , Zhao Yue 
Published: December 2023

AbstractA porous actuator is prepared using a liquid crystal elastomer (LCE) loaded with metal‐organic framework (MOF) nanoparticles (MIL‐88A). While the swellable MOF additive endows the LCE actuator with nanoscale pores, after its removal by chemical etching, macroporous LCE actuator is obtained. This LCE‐MOF actuator displays several interesting features. 1) Selective etching allows the actuator in water to curl in one direction and then reverse the curling direction owing to differential water absorption of the nano‐ and macroporous layers. 2) The stretching‐induced alignment of mesogens in the actuator is little affected by the presence of MOF and substantially retained after water uptake, so that an actuation deformation can be generated either by water absorption or thermally induced order‐disorder phase transition. 3) Assisted by the UV irradiation used for polymer cross‐linking, magnetic iron oxide FeO appears to be formed after chemical etching, which allows the actuator to gain the ability to move on water surface guided by a magnet. 4) The in situ formation of magnetic iron oxide in the macroporous actuator also provides an enhanced photothermal effect, making light‐driven locomotion of the actuator more effective. The use of active porogen like MOF opens a new way to explore porous LCE actuators.
Highly Selective Nano‐Interface Engineering in Multishelled Nanocubes for Enhanced Broadband Electromagnetic Attenuation
Authors: Zhang Huibin , Zhou Xiaodi , Yuan Mingyue , Xiong Xuhui , Lv Xiaowei , Liu Yihao , Lv Hualiang , Lai Yuxiang , Zhang Jincang , Zhang Huiran , Pan Deng , Che Renchao 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWithin the nanoscale, methodically reconfiguring interface charges, and leveraging this newly structured interface to modify the energy‐momentum dynamics of heterojunction energy bands, hold profound implications for microwave electronics because of the intensified interaction between external microwaves and interfaces of materials. Mastering the orderly reconstruction of interface charges, contingent upon precise control over composition, orientation, and electronic structure remains a challenge at this scale. Herein, an in situ hierarchical assembly approach is used to successively deposit layers of Cu2S, C, and MoS2 on a hollow cubic framework with a thickness of 20 nm. Additionally, by harnessing the quasi‐graphitic characteristics and elevated work function of graphitized carbon in the middle layer, its inherent charge is steered toward both the outer and inner layers, establishing a structured configuration for the crafted Cu2S@C and C@MoS2 interfaces. Employing advanced off‐axis electron holography, microwave dielectric measurements, and first‐principle calculations, the dynamic reconstruction of interface charges and the resulting microwave response is ascertained. The synergistic effect revealed that the Cu2S@C@MoS2 materials exhibited exceptional microwave absorption, with an effective absorption band covering 7.03 GHz at 2.0 mm thickness. Furthermore, the orderly reconstruction of nano‐interfaces paves the way for research into novel electromagnetic protection materials and their unique electronic behaviors.
Polarization‐Sensitive Photodetectors Based on Highly In‐Plane Anisotropic Violet Phosphorus with Large Dichroic Ratio
Authors: Liu Huawei , Zhu Chenguang , Chen Ying , Yi Xiao , Sun Xingxia , Liu Yong , Wang Hui , Wu Guangcheng , Wu Jiaxin , Li Yi , Zhu Xiaoli , Li Dong , Pan Anlian 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAnisotropic 2D layered materials with distinctive anisotropic electronic band structures and optical response are promising for practical applications in polarization imaging and sensors. Nonetheless, many of the currently reported polarized photodetectors based on anisotropic 2D materials are constrained by the low polarization responsivity and low linear dichroism ratio. Here a high‐performance polarization‐sensitive photodetector based on the novel in‐plane anisotropy 2D violet phosphorus (VP) crystal is reported. The angle‐resolved polarized Raman spectroscopy (ARPRS) study and the anisotropic electrical transport measurements revealed the highly in‐plane anisotropy phonon vibration and electrical properties of VP crystal. The anisotropic ratio of electron mobility is calculated to be 2.7 at room temperature. Moreover, a polarization‐sensitive photodetector based on the VP nanosheet shows high photoresponsivity of up to 341 A W−1 and a linearly dichroic ratio of up to 3.9, which is much larger than most other anisotropic 2D materials. These results indicate that the anisotropic VP crystal would be suitable for polarization‐sensitive photodetectors, which leads to a promising perspective for future novel electronic and optoelectronic devices.
Synergic Delocalized‐Conjugate and Electron‐Deficient Effect and Mesoporous Channel Promote Photocatalytic Coupling H2 Evolution with Benzyl‐Alcohol Oxidation
Authors: Pan Ronglan , Ge Xin , Liu Qiong , Yin Hao , Guo Yuanlong , Shen Jiachao , Zhang Danyu , Chen Peng , Yuan Jili , Xie Haibo , Liu Chengbin 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPhotocatalytic merging H2 evolution with benzyl‐alcohol (BA) oxidation offers a promising approach to producing H2 and value‐added chemicals due to water photocatalysis with a sluggish kinetic process and gas‐mixed H2/O2 gas security concern. Herein, incorporating electron‐deficient pyromellitic dianhydride into large π‐conjugate polymeric carbon nitride builds an effective in‐electric field (IEF). The resultant photocatalyst shows the dependence on the ratio of H2O and BA for H2 and benzaldehyde production, particularly the highest yield rate of H2 (13.87) and benzaldehyde (7.71 mmol h−1 g−1), 69.2% at 400 nm of internal quantum efficiency for H2‐evolution, and 2.15% of solar‐to‐hydrogen efficiency under simulated AM 1.5G irradiation. Mechanism analysis suggests that the strong driving force of effective IEF originates from the cooperating large delocalized π‐conjugate and electron‐deficient effect, which overwhelms the intrinsic binding energy of charge carrier to enhance its separation and migration efficiency dramatically. Moreover, extended light response and mesoporous channel in photocatalyst improve the absorption edge and tail, the n→π* transition, and mass transport of BA. In situ characterizations revealed that the enhanced H2 production is due to the releasing protons from BA oxidation via carbon‐centered radical‐mediated. These findings provide a novel strategy and deep understanding of photocatalytic coupling H2 with added‐value chemical production.
Interstitial Oxygen Modulating Reversible Upconversion Luminescence
Authors: Hu Junshan , Kong Weilong , Bian Xiaomin , Hao Jiazheng , Wang Ruonan , Wu Shaoyi , He Lunhua , Shen Lei , Fu Hao 
Published: December 2023

AbstractReversible upconversion luminescence (RUCL) through defect engineering holds great promise for various applications, including photoswitches, information recording, and storage devices. However, the reversible photoluminescence in inorganic crystals is rarely reported. Crucially, the underlying mechanism of reversible luminescence remains unclear, which challenges the design of high‐performance reversible luminescence inorganic materials. Herein, an anomalous RUCL in a class of β‐Ba2ScAlO5:Yb3+/RE3+ (RE = Er, Ho, Tm, Tb, Sm, or Eu) phosphors is reported. By alternating annealing environments (air or hydrogen), a robust and repeatable cycle of luminescence and quenching is observed. The first‐principles calculations reveal that porous β‐Ba2ScAlO5:Yb3+/RE3+ can host oxygen interstitials (during annealing in air) with a low formation energy. The interstitial oxygen state, close to the Yb 4f state, leads to luminescence quenching. Removal of oxygen interstitials (during annealing in hydrogen) can restore the luminescence by initiating radiative energy transfer. Experimentally, the existence of interstitial oxygen is confirmed with neutron diffraction technology. It is worth noting that the strong chemical bonds in crystals make adding and removing anion vacancies challenging, unlike the more “free” interstitials. The findings offer new insights into manipulating upconversion luminescence in inorganic crystals by defect engineering and provide motivation for future research in this field.
Organic Mixed Ionic–Electronic Conductors for Bioelectronic Sensors: Materials and Operation Mechanisms
Authors: Kim Hyunwook , Won Yousang , Song Hyun Woo , Kwon Yejin , Jun Minsang , Oh Joon Hak 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe field of organic mixed ionic‐electronic conductors (OMIECs) has gained significant attention due to their ability to transport both electrons and ions, making them promising candidates for various applications. Initially focused on inorganic materials, the exploration of mixed conduction has expanded to organic materials, especially polymers, owing to their advantages such as solution processability, flexibility, and property tunability. OMIECs, particularly in the form of polymers, possess both electronic and ionic transport functionalities. This review provides an overview of OMIECs in various aspects covering mechanisms of charge transport including electronic transport, ionic transport, and ionic–electronic coupling, as well as conducting/semiconducting conjugated polymers and their applications in organic bioelectronics, including (multi)sensors, neuromorphic devices, and electrochromic devices. OMIECs show promise in organic bioelectronics due to their compatibility with biological systems and the ability to modulate electronic conduction and ionic transport, resembling the principles of biological systems. Organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) based on OMIECs offer significant potential for bioelectronic applications, responding to external stimuli through modulation of ionic transport. An in‐depth review of recent research achievements in organic bioelectronic applications using OMIECs, categorized based on physical and chemical stimuli as well as neuromorphic devices and circuit applications, is presented.
Nanoreactors Encapsulating Built‐in Electric Field as a “Bridge” for Li–S Batteries: Directional Migration and Rapid Conversion of Polysulfides
Authors: Li Junhao , Wang Zhengyi , Shi Kaixiang , Wu Yujie , Huang Wenzhi , Min Yonggang , Liu Quanbing , Liang Zhenxing 
Published: December 2023

AbstractLithium–sulfur batteries (Li–S) are recognized as the next generation of secondary batteries due to their satisfactory theoretical specific capacity and energy density. However, a series of problems such as disordered migration behavior, sluggish redox kinetics, and serious shuttle effect of lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) greatly limit the commercial application. Herein, nanoreactors encapsulate heterostructure to guarantee sulfur conversion in the hosts where the heterostructure consists of FeP with moderate adsorption ability, excellent catalytic active and low work function, and Fe3O4 with strong adsorption ability and high work function. This rational configuration of heterostructure controls the direction of the interface built‐in electric field (BIEF) between catalyst and adsorbent, realizing the successive “trapping‐directional migration‐conversion” reaction mechanism to sulfur species. Thanks to BIEF as a bridge to connect the trapping site and catalytic site, Fe3O4/FeP@C─S cathode delivers an ultrahigh initial specific capacity of 1402 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C and remains more than 450 mAh g−1 at 5 C after 350 cycles. Even with a sulfur loading of 5.20 mg cm−2, it displayed the initial specific capacity of 970 mAh g−1. This work provided an effective strategy to design high‐performance electrocatalysts for commercial Li–S batteries.
Pathways Toward Efficient and Durable Anion Exchange Membrane Water Electrolyzers Enabled By Electro‐Active Porous Transport Layers
Authors: Tricker Andrew W. , Ertugrul Tugrul Y. , Lee Jason K. , Shin Jason R. , Choi Woong , Kushner Douglas I. , Wang Guanzhi , Lang Jack , Zenyuk Iryna V. , Weber Adam Z. , Peng Xiong 
Published: December 2023

AbstractGreen hydrogen, produced via water electrolysis using renewable electricity, will play a crucial role in decarbonizing industrial and heavy‐duty transportation sectors. Anion exchange membrane water electrolyzers (AEMWEs) can overcome many of the performance and cost limitations of incumbent technologies, however, still suffer from durability challenges due to oxidative instability of anion‐exchange ionomers. Herein, the use of an electro‐active porous transport layer as anode (PTL‐electrode) is demonstrated to enable efficient and durable AEMWEs. The stainless‐steel PTL‐electrodes are shown to have superior performance and durability compared to traditional catalyst layers containing ionomer and nanoparticle catalysts. An AEMWE cell operating at 2 A cm−2 for over 600 h exhibited a degradation rate of just 5 µV h−1. During operation, the surface composition of the stainless steel transforms into a mixture of iron and nickel oxyhydroxides, contributing to enhanced oxygen‐evolution reaction activity. The combination of experimental work and modeling elucidates how the bulk structure of the PTL‐electrode offers an additional design dimension to further improve electrolyzer performance. Lastly, a surface modification strategy is applied to a PTL‐electrode to achieve an even higher performing AEMWE (2.3 vs 2.0 A cm−2 at 1.8 V). Overall, this work lays out pathways toward more efficient, durable, and affordable AEMWEs.