bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effects of memory scanning on the late Nd and P300: An interference study
Authors: Singhal Anthony , Fowler Barry 
Published: March 2005

AbstractSinghal and Fowler (2004)showed that the late negative difference (Nd) waveform elicited during dichotic listening was attenuated by concurrent visual short term memory (STM) scanning, but not long term memory (LTM) scanning. P300 was reduced by both tasks. The present study compared the effects of STM load on the late Nd and P300 by combining dichotic listening and visual memory scanning with varying set sizes. The results showed that the late Nd was sensitive to the introduction of the scanning task, but not to an increase in load. Furthermore, both the auditory and visual P300s were reduced when a second task was introduced, but only the visual P300 decreased as a function of memory‐set size. These data suggest that (a) the auditory late Nd reflects working memory, but not memory scanning, (b) late Nd and P300 reflect parallel but distinct working memory processes, and (c) stimulus modality is an important determinant of P300 amplitude.
Neuroticism, cortisol reactivity, and antibody response to vaccination
Authors: Phillips Anna C. , Carroll Douglas , Burns Victoria E. , Drayson Mark 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThis study examined whether neuroticism was related to the antibody response to influenza vaccination and whether the relationship was mediated by cortisol reactions to acute laboratory mental stress. Antibody status was assessed at baseline and to a trivalent influenza vaccination in 57 students at 5‐week and 5‐month follow‐up. Neuroticism was also measured at baseline. Cortisol was measured at rest and in response to a pressurized mental arithmetic task. At both follow‐ups, higher neuroticism scores were associated with poorer A/Panama antibody response, following adjustment for baseline antibody titer. Higher neuroticism scores were also associated with blunted cortisol reactivity, and blunted cortisol reactivity was associated with poorer A/Panama antibody response, but only at 5 months. However, there was no conclusive evidence that cortisol reactivity mediated the association between neuroticism and antibody response.
The role of school food service in promoting healthy eating at school – a perspective from an ad hoc group on nutrition in schools, Council of Europe
Authors: Mikkelsen Bent Egberg , Rasmussen Vivian Barnekow , Young Ian 
Published: March 2005

AbstractChanges in the eating habits of young people in Europe and the resulting growth in obesity and overweight are giving cause for concern. The Council of Europe in 2001 decided to establish an ad hoc group consisting of national experts to review the issues. Since then the group has studied current school food practices in Europe in order to be able to issue guidelines targeted at international, national, local and institutional levels. A survey was undertaken on behalf of the Council of Europe and World Health Organization (WHO, European Office) as a starting point. The study was an update of a previous survey carried out in the process of developing the ENHPS healthy eating in school manual and the results were presented at a forum held by the Council of Europe in collaboration with the WHO entitled The European Forum on Eating at School – Making Healthy Choices on the 20th and 21st November 2003. In addition, a number of experts from a range of professional backgrounds, all with a common interest in healthy eating in schools, were invited to present research results and discuss the way forward. The results from the forum have since been compiled into a forum report. The aim of this paper is to present and discuss the findings of the European Network of Health Promoting Schools group and its implications for school food service in the future; to discuss, in general, how schools can become a more active arena for the promotion of healthy eating, and how food service can contribute in this respect. The results present an overview of how food provision is organized in primary and secondary schools, at home, outside the school, lunch boxes, kiosk type outlets, vending machines, cash cafeterias and canteens as well as ‘special food promotions’. Data on how school food is financed and operated are presented together with the findings on future consumer demand. The findings and their implications for school food service operators are discussed. Barriers include improving logistics, reviewing the healthiness of food provision, the use of vending machines, involving stakeholders, complying with standards, integrating food and nutrition issues in the curriculum and giving due attention to future consumer demands. In conclusion, the paper presents guidelines on healthy eating at school issued by the Council of Europe on the basis of the forum and the work done in the ad hoc group.
A search for presynaptic β3‐adrenoceptors in the rat
Authors: Żelaszczyk Dorota , Zakrzeska Agnieszka , Kwolek Grzegorz , Malinowska Barbara , Schlicker Eberhard 
Published: March 2005

AbstractPresynaptically localized adrenoceptors occur on a variety of neurones. In particular, α2‐adrenoceptors, occurring on neurones of the peripheral and central nervous system, inhibit the release of the respective transmitters whereas β2‐adrenoceptors on some types of postganglionic sympathetic neurones facilitate noradrenaline release. Since only little information is available whether there are also presynaptic β3‐adrenoceptors, we examined the effect of β3‐adrenoceptor agonists on noradrenaline release from the resistance vessels and the hippocampus of the rat and on serotonin and acetylcholine release from the rat hippocampus. In rat hippocampal slices preincubated with 3H‐noradrenaline, 3H‐serotonin and 3H‐choline and superfused in the presence of an inhibitor of the neuronal transporter of the respective neurone, the β3‐adrenoceptor agonist CL 316243 did not affect the electrically evoked tritium overflow. The latter was, however, inhibited by at least 50% by agonists of the respective autoreceptors. CL 316243 and another three β3‐adrenoceptor agonists (BRL 37344, ZD 2079 and CGP 12177) failed to affect the electrically evoked tritium overflow also in slices preincubated with 3H‐noradrenaline and superfused in the presence of the α2‐adrenoceptor antagonist rauwolscine whereas prostaglandin E2 caused a marked inhibition. In pithed and vagotomized rats, the increase in diastolic blood pressure induced by electrical stimulation of the sympathetic outflow was also not affected by CL 316243 but markedly inhibited by the cannabinoid receptor agonist WIN 55212–2. CL 316243 and WIN 55212–2 were devoid of an effect on the rise in diastolic blood pressure induced by exogenous noradrenaline. In conclusion, our data suggest that the noradrenergic neurones innervating the resistance vessels of the rat and the noradrenergic, serotoninergic and cholinergic neurones of the rat hippocampus are not endowed with presynaptic β3‐adrenoceptors.
Small-Scale Structure of Strongly Stratified Turbulence
Authors: Rehmann Chris R. , Hwang Jin Hwan 
Published: March 2005

Abstract
The small-scale structure of turbulence subjected to strong stratification is analyzed with rapid distortion theory to evaluate the performance of formulas for predicting dissipation of turbulent kinetic energy and dissipation of scalar variance. The approach is restricted to weak turbulence in strong stratification, like that in the thermocline or the abyssal ocean. Flows with and without mean shear are considered. For unsheared turbulence, the small scales are axisymmetric about the vertical axis, as others have previously assumed. The calculations here complement and extend previous work because they can be used to compute errors in dissipation estimates, develop simpler formulas, and examine the effects of shear and other parameters. For example, effects of the initial conditions can be significant. For sheared turbulence, the small-scale velocity and buoyancy fields are neither isotropic nor axisymmetric about the vertical axis. Although dissipation formulas based on isotropy work relatively well for unsheared turbulence, some can be incorrect by more than a factor of 3 for sheared turbulence. However, if the mean flow direction can be identified, then a simple and useful dissipation formula can be proposed.
‘Tongues as of Fire’: Judgment as a Function of Glossolalia in Luke’s Thought
Authors: Charette Blaine 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThe argument advanced in this paper is that the Pentecost language event signals judgment as well as blessing. The reference to ‘tongues as of fire’ in Luke’s description of Pentecost portends judgment. This is consistent both with Luke’s use of the image of fire elsewhere and with the very character of Pentecost as an eschatological event. The judgment in view is directed against those who fail to respond appropriately to the word of God present in the redemptive revelation centered in Jesus. The positive response of obedient disciples results in their experience of the baptism with the Holy Spirit. At the same time, the language of ‘another tongue’ that characterizes this experience serves to demonstrate the divine judgment that has come upon the disobedient.
‘Function to Function’: Reinventing the Oil of Influence in African Pentecostalism
Authors: Asamoah-Gyadu J. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThis paper explores the practices, teachings, positive benefits, problematic aspects and perils associated with anointing with oil in recent African Pentecostal/charismatic ministries and churches. With particular focus upon the author’s first-hand encounters with these phenomena in Ghana and Nigeria, various anointing practices and teachings are commended and critiqued in terms of biblical precedents and sacramental theological insights.
Baptized in Spirit—An Eschatological Concept: A Response to Norbert Baumert and his Interlocutors
Authors: Hocken Peter 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThis response to Baumert (see JPT 12.2) agrees with many of his criticisms of the dominant understandings of Spirit-baptism found among Pentecostals and Catholic scholars such as Montague and McDonnell. In particular, the author appreciates Baumert’s historical analysis, distinguishing current usage of this term from that in the New Testament. However, he finds Baumert’s position too individualistic and unable to do justice to the full challenge of the Pentecostal and charismatic movements to the whole Church. Hocken suggests that the language of Spirit-baptism in the New Testament is essentially eschatological, and that the Pentecostal decision to use this terminology was more prophetic than exegetical. He proposes that an eschatological understanding of Spirit-baptism both does justice to the full reality of the twentieth-century movements of the Spirit and avoids the problems inherent in the prevailing theological interpretations.
A critical function for B-Raf at multiple stages of myelopoiesis
Authors: Kamata Tamihiro , Kang Jing , Lee Tzong-Hae , Wojnowski Leszek , Pritchard Catrin A. , Leavitt Andrew D. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractRaf kinases play an integral role in the classic mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase (Raf/MEK/extracellular signal-related kinase [ERK]) intracellular signaling cascade, but their role in specific developmental processes is largely unknown. Using a genetic approach, we have identified a role for B-Raf during hematopoietic progenitor cell development and during megakaryocytopoiesis. Fetal liver and in vitro embryonic stem (ES) cell–derived myeloid progenitor development is quantitatively impaired in the absence of B-Raf. Biochemical data suggest that this phenotype is due to the loss of a normally occurring rise in B-Raf expression and associated ERK1/2 activation during hematopoietic progenitor cell formation. However, the presence of B-raf–/– ES cell–derived myeloid progenitors in the bone marrow of adult chimeric mice indicates the lack of an obligate cell-autonomous requirement for B-Raf in myeloid progenitor development. The lack of B-Raf also impairs megakaryocytopoiesis. Thrombopoietin (Tpo)–induced in vitro expansion of ES cell–derived megakaryocyte-lineage cells fails to occur in the absence of B-Raf. Moreover, this quantitative in vitro defect in megakaryocyte-lineage expansion is mirrored by chimeric mice data that show reduced B-raf–/– genotype contribution in megakaryocytes relative to its contribution in myeloid progenitors. Together, these data suggest that B-Raf plays a cell-autonomous role in megakaryocytopoiesis and a permissive role in myeloid progenitor development.
A cell behavior screen: identification, sorting, and enrichment of cells based on motility
Authors: Windler-Hart Sarah L , Chen Kwan Y , Chenn Anjen 
Published: March 2005

Abstract
Background
Identifying and isolating cells with specific behavioral characteristics will facilitate the understanding of the molecular basis regulating these behaviors. Although many approaches exist to characterize cell motility, retrieving cells of specific motility following analysis remains challenging.

Results
Cells migrating on substrates coated with fluorescent microspheres generate non-fluorescent tracks as they move and ingest the spheres. The area cleared by each cell allows for quantitation of single cell and population motility; because individual cell fluorescence is proportional to motility, cells can be sorted according to their degree of movement. Using this approach, we sorted a glioblastoma cell line into high motility and low motility populations and found stable differences in motility following sorting.

Conclusion
We describe an approach to identify, sort, and enrich populations of cells possessing specific levels of motility. Unlike existing assays of cell motility, this approach enables recovery of characterized cell populations, and can enable screens to identify factors that might regulate motility differences even within clonal population of cells.
Do Indonesian medical practitioners approve the availability of emergency contraception over-the-counter? A survey of general practitioners and obstetricians in Jakarta
Authors: Syahlul Dyna E , Amir Lisa H 
Published: March 2005

Abstract
Background
Few studies have examined the attitude of medical practitioners towards the availability of emergency contraception (EC) without prescription. In Indonesia, EC (either Yuzpe regimen or Postinor-2) is available by prescription only. We aimed to examine the level of knowledge, attitudes and practices of medical practitioners in Indonesia about EC, in particular their attitudes to the availability of EC over-the-counter (OTC), using a questionnaire.

Methods
Data were collected by an anonymous structured questionnaire. Questionnaires were distributed to general practitioners in 36 Community Health Centres and 25 private clinics using stratified random sampling according to area in Jakarta, and to obstetricians practicising in 24 government and private hospitals and eight private clinics in Jakarta. Two hundred and five general practitioners and 142 obstetricians and gynaecologists participated; overall response rate was 75%.

Results
Although most participants were familiar with EC, only 22% received a very good knowledge score (4 or 5/5 answers correct), while 52% received a poor score (0–2/5 correct). Most participants did not support the OTC availability of EC (70%). Logistic regression identified that participants who prescribed EC had an Odds of 3.8 (95% CI 1.90, 7.73) of approving OTC EC, after adjustment for age and speciality.

Conclusion
Although many organisations are working towards OTC availability of EC, it needs to be recognized and addressed that doctors who do not prescribe EC are unlikely to support the increased availability of EC.
A genomic approach to investigate developmental cell death in woody tissues of Populustrees
Authors: Moreau Charleen , Aksenov Nikolay , Lorenzo Maribel García , Segerman Bo , Funk Christiane , Nilsson Peter , Jansson Stefan , Tuominen Hannele 
Published: March 2005

Abstract
Background
Poplar (Populus sp.) has emerged as the main model system for molecular and genetic studies of forest trees. A Populus expressed sequence tag (EST) database (POPULUSDB) was previously created from 19 cDNA libraries each originating from different Populus tree tissues, and opened to the public in September 2004. We used this dataset for in silico transcript profiling of a particular process in the woody tissues of the Populus stem: the programmed death of xylem fibers.

Results
One EST library in POPULUSDB originates from woody tissues of the Populus stem where xylem fibers undergo cell death. Analysis of EST abundances and library distribution within the POPULUSDB revealed a large number of previously uncharacterized transcripts that were unique in this library and possibly related to the death of xylem fibers. The in silico analysis was complemented by a microarray analysis utilizing a novel Populus cDNA array with a unigene set of 25,000 sequences.

Conclusions
In silico analysis, combined with the microarray analysis, revealed the usefulness of non-normalized EST libraries in elucidating transcriptional regulation of previously uncharacterized physiological processes. The data suggested the involvement of two novel extracellular serine proteases, nodulin-like proteins and an Arabidopsis thaliana OPEN STOMATA 1 (AtOST1) homolog in signaling fiber-cell death, as well as mechanisms responsible for hormonal control, nutrient remobilization, regulation of vacuolar integrity and autolysis of the dying fibers.
Evaluation of normal and neoplastic human mast cells for expression of CD172a (SIRPα), CD47, and SHP-1
Authors: Florian Stefan , Ghannadan Minoo , Mayerhofer Matthias , Aichberger Karl J , Hauswirth Alexander W , Schernthaner Gerit-Holger , Printz Dieter , Fritsch Gerhard , Böhm Alexandra , Sonneck Karoline , Krauth Maria-Theresa , Müller Michael R , Sillaber Christian , Sperr Wolfgang R , Bühring Hans-Jörg , Valent Peter 
Published: March 2005

AbstractSignal regulatory proteins (SIRPs) and tyrosine phosphatases have recently been implicated in the control of receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK)-dependent cell growth. In systemic mastocytosis (SM), neoplastic cells are driven by the RTK KIT, which is mutated at codon 816 in most patients. We examined expression of SIRPα, SIRPα ligand CD47, and Src homology 2 domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase-1 (SHP-1), a tyrosine phosphatase-type, negative regulator of KIT-dependent signaling, in normal human lung mast cells (HLMC) and neoplastic MC obtained from nine patients with SM. As assessed by multicolor flow cytometry, normal LMC expressed SIRPα, CD47, and SHP-1. In patients with SM, MC also reacted with antibodies against SIRPα and CD47. By contrast, the levels of SHP-1 were low or undetectable in MC in most cases. Corresponding data were obtained from mRNA analysis. In fact, whereas SIRPα mRNA and CD47 mRNA were detected in all samples, the levels of SHP-1 mRNA varied among donors. To demonstrate adhesive functions for SIRPα and CD47 on neoplastic MC, an adhesion assay was applied using the MC leukemia cell line HMC-1, which was found to bind to immobilized extracellular domains of SIRPα1 (SIRPα1ex) and CD47 (CD47ex), and binding of these cells to CD47ex was inhibited by the CD172 antibody SE5A5. In summary, our data show that MC express functional SIRPα and CD47 in SM, whereas expression of SHP-1 varies among donors and is low compared with LMC. It is hypothesized that CD172 and CD47 contribute to MC clustering and that the “lack” of SHP-1 in MC may facilitate KIT-dependent signaling in a subgroup of patients.
Ramoplanin: A Lipoglycodepsipeptide Antibiotic
Authors: Farver Debra K , Hedge Dennis D , Lee Steven C 
Published: March 2005

OBJECTIVE: To review the pharmacology, antimicrobial activity, pharmacokinetics, clinical applications, and safety of ramoplanin, a lipoglycodepsipeptide antibiotic. DATA SOURCES: Information was obtained from MEDLINE and BIOSIS databases (1984–August 2004) and Oscient Pharmaceu ticals using the key words ramoplanin, A 16686, A 16686A, and MDL 62198. STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION: Available English-based articles and abstracts were reviewed, along with information from Oscient Pharmaceuticals. DATA SYNTHESIS: Ramoplanin exerts its bactericidal activity against gram-positive aerobic and anaerobic bacteria by blocking peptidoglycan synthesis via lipid II. In vitro susceptibility reports have demonstrated efficacy against antibiotic-resistant gram-positive pathogens. Cross-resistance has not been documented with vancomyin and other glycopeptides. Clinical trials are investigating ramoplanin's oral administration for treatment of Clostridium difficile–associated diarrhea. Previous clinical trials had evaluated the suppression of colonization of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus with ramoplanin. Adverse effects are minimal, and drug—drug interactions have not been documented. CONCLUSIONS: The completion of clinical trials will determine whether ramoplanin has a promising role as a treatment option for diarrhea due to C. difficile.
Successful Desensitization to Oxaliplatin
Authors: Lydia  , Fernando Nishan H , Hurwitz Hurbert I , Morse Michael A 
Published: March 2005

OBJECTIVE: To report the successful desensitization of a patient to oxaliplatin utilizing an 8-hour desensitization regimen in a controlled environment. CASE SUMMARY: A 53-year-old white woman with metastatic colon cancer was receiving oxaliplatin, bevacizumab, and capecitabine every 2 weeks, with a partial response to therapy. On her fifth cycle of this regimen, she experienced diaphoresis, hypotension, nausea, abdominal cramping, and coryza. According to the Naranjo probability scale, oxaliplatin, and not bevacizumab, was the probable cause of the hypersensitivity reaction. The woman continued therapy with capecitabine and bevacizumab, resulting in stable disease. Due to her initial response to the oxaliplatin-based regimen, it was decided to attempt desensitization to oxaliplatin in a controlled, inpatient environment. An 8-hour desensitization schedule was employed, and the patient successfully completed an additional 3 cycles with full-dose oxaliplatin. DISCUSSION: Hypersensitivity reactions to platinum-containing compounds are well described and potentially life threatening. With expanded use of oxaliplatin in various malignancies, an increased number of hypersensitivity reactions will likely be reported. Patients with previous hypersensitivity reactions to carboplatin are at risk for similar reactions to oxaliplatin. We achieved successful desensitization for oxaliplatin using increased concentrations of the drug over an 8-hour period concomitant with oral and intravenous corticosteroids and histamine blockers. CONCLUSIONS: Hypersensitivity reactions to platinum compounds may result in discontinuation of active therapies in patients with metastatic disease. Desensitization to oxaliplatin is possible utilizing this approach.