bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modeling the Influence of Pearl Millet on High‐Fiber Bread: An Investigation into Nutrition, Microstructure, Thermal Stability, Crystallinity, Rheology, and Glycemic Response
Authors: Rathee Shweta , Singh Rakhi , Paul Prodyut Kumar , Sehrawat Rachna , Singh Kshitij RB , Singh Jay 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis study aims to optimize the formula for whole pearl millet flour (WPMF) high‐fiber bread using a central composite rotatable design‐response surface methodology (CCRD‐RSM). Whole pearl millet flour (WPMF), whole wheat flour (WWF), and gluten powder (GP) are chosen as independent factors, with a tested range set for each factor. Twenty blends of WPMF (9.65–85.34 g), WWF (16.47–58.52 g), and GP (1.31–4.68 g) are used. The analysis is based on textural characteristics, overall acceptability, and crumb color. Results show that increasing the WPMF level in bread increase the firmness, gumminess, chewiness, and a* and b* color values. It decreases the crumb cohesiveness, resilience, and overall acceptability. The optimized WPMF high fiber bread formula is 63.17 g WPMF, 50 g WWF, and 3.92 g GP, and can be claimed as clean label bread as no preservatives are added. The optimized WPMF high‐fiber bread shows enhanced nutritional, microstructural, rheological, and crystallinity characteristics. The claim for high‐fiber bread seems justified with fiber content (8.67%). The low estimated glycemic index 33 falls under the category of low GI foods, making it suitable to manage diabetes.
Multi‐scalar interactions between mismanaged plastic waste and urban flooding in an era of climate change and rapid urbanization
Authors: MacAfee Elizabeth A. , Löhr Ansje J. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractMismanaged plastic waste (MPW) and urban flooding are typically considered distinct environmental challenges. However, there are notable links between growing quantities of MPW and the rising incidence of floods in cities. A majority of people now live in cities, especially along coastlines and in estuaries where residents are both vulnerable to flooding and significant sources of plastic waste. Predicted increases in the frequency and severity of heavy rainfall associated with anthropogenic climate change coincide with rising global quantities of MPW, much of which is discharged into water bodies and the sea. Given the urgent and expanding nature of these issues, understanding impacts of urban floods on solid waste management and vice versa is crucial. Social‐ecological systems (SES) thinking calls for a holistic approach to the relationships and interactions between human actors and environmental systems which can result in dynamic and emergent outcomes. In this review paper, we make a first step towards better understanding of the interactions between urban flooding and MPW by synthesizing emerging quantitative and qualitative research on particular aspects of such interactions. More research is needed which explicitly focuses on and elaborates the nature of these interactions, and also to consider potential relations across scales (from global to local) and over both long and short timeframes. We conclude that an SES approach can make visible novel possibilities for interventions which are context specific and sensitive to the interactions between urban floods and MPW.This article is categorized under:
Science of Water > Water and Environmental Change
Human Water > Water Governance
Engineering Water > Planning Water
Sorption‐oxidation mechanism for the removal of arsenic (III) using Cu‐doped ZnO in an alkaline medium
Authors: Gyrdasova Оlga I. , Pasechnik Liliya A. , Krasil'nikov Vladimir N. , Gavrilova Tatyana P. , Yatsyk Ivan V. , Kuznetsova Yulia V. , Kalinkin Mikhail O. , Kuznetsov Mikhail V. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract1‐D oxides Zn1‐xCuxO and spherical composites Zn1‐xCuxO/CuO were obtained by thermolysis of formate‐glycolate complexes Zn1‐xCux (HCOO)(OCH2CH2O)1/2 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.15). The structural and property characteristics showed that Cu was introduced into the Zn site of the ZnO lattice to form the Zn0.95Cu0.05O solid solution. The concentration of copper in the precursors regulates the topological and structural features of the formation of Zn1‐xCuxO oxides, which determine their sorption and photocatalytic properties. The materials were tested in As3+ photooxidation reaction under UV and visible radiation. It has been established that Cu+ is an effective dopant in the composition of 1‐D oxide Zn1‐xCuxO (0 ≤ x < 0.1). The presence of Cu2+ in the shell of Zn1‐xCuxO/CuO composite reduces the photoactivity of the material. The maximum efficiency of arsenic extraction (up to 80% for Zn0.95Cu0.05O) was achieved from dilute arsenic‐containing solutions (3.8 mg/L As) and an adsorbent concentration of 0.8 g/L for 24 h. In saturated solutions (380 mg/L As) this value is reduced by a factor of 100. According to XPS data, the primary process is As3+ sorption on the catalyst surface followed by its oxidation to As5+. Using the EPR method it was found that singly charged oxygen vacancies associated with Cu in Zn1‐xCuxO are directly involved in the photostimulated oxidation of As3+.Practitioner Points
Two types of Zn1−xCuxO photocatalysts were obtained by thermolysis of the Zn1−xСux(HCOO)(OCH2CH2O)1/2 complex (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.15) in air.
Sorption of arsenic from dilute solutions reaches 80% on 1‐D oxide Zn0.95Cu0.05O.
Sorption of As3+ on the catalyst surface is at primary process followed by its oxidation to As5+.
Removal of As3+ from alkaline solutions occurs due to successful combination of sorption and photocatalytic properties of the 1‐D oxides Zn1−xCuxO.
Recovery of surgery in the elderly (ROSE) program: The efficacy of a multi‐modal prehabilitation program implemented in frail and pre‐frail elderly undergoing major abdominal surgery
Authors: Chow Jaclyn Jie Ling , Teo Zhe Hao Timothy , Acharyya Sanchalika , Natesan Selvaganapathi , Cheong Seng Kwing , Tony Swapna , Ong Ya Wei , Li Yuan Jennifer , Wang Bei , Chai Jye Yi , Tam Hui Zhen , Low Jee Keem 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundMajor abdominal surgery is associated with a high rate of post‐operative complications with increased risk of adverse surgical outcomes due to the presence of frailty. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the multimodal Recovery of Surgery in the Elderly (ROSE) prehabilitation program with supervised exercise in mitigating postoperative functional decline when compared to standard care.MethodThe ROSE program enrolled ambulant patients who were 65 years and above, had a Clinical Frailty Scale score of 4 or more and were planned for major abdominal surgery. Participation in supervised exercise sessions before surgery were compared with standard physiotherapy advice. The primary outcome was 6‐min walk test (6MWT) distance assessed at baseline, after prehabilitation and 30 days follow‐up after surgery. Secondary outcomes included physical performance, length of hospital stay and postoperative morbidity.ResultsData from 74 eligible patients, 37 in each group, were included. Median age was 78 years old. Forty‐two patients (22 in Prehab group and 20 in control group) with complete 6MWT follow‐up data at 30 days follow‐up were analysed for outcomes. Most patients underwent laparoscopic surgery (63.5%) and almost all of the surgeries were for abdominal malignancies (97.3%). The Prehab group had an increase in 6MWT distance at the 30‐day follow up, from a baseline mean (SD) of 277.4 (125) m to 287.6 (143.5) m (p = 0.415). The 6MWT distance in the control group decreased from a baseline mean (SD) of 281.7 (100.5) m to 260.1 (78.6) m at the 30‐day follow up (p = 0.086). After adjusting for baseline 6MWT distance and frailty score, the Prehab group had significantly higher 6MWT distance at 30‐day follow‐up than control (difference in adjusted means 41.7 m, 95% confidence interval 8.7–74.8 m, p = 0.015). There were no significant between‐group differences in the secondary outcomes.ConclusionA multimodal prehabilitation program with supervised exercise within a short time frame can improve preoperative functional capacity and maintain baseline functional capacity in frail older adults undergoing major abdominal surgery.
Effect of chewing gum of different weights before surgery on sore throat after total thyroidectomy: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Zou Shiya , Guo Lulu , Xu Chao , Liu Tianyu , Li Lei , Pan Shoudong , Qi Dunyi 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundPostoperative sore throat (POST) is a common postoperative complication.ComplicationChewing gum can inhibit the growth of oral bacteria, cleanse, and lubricate the oral cavity, which can help reduce postoperative sore throat. We hypothesize that chewing gum before surgery could relieve POST.MethodsPatients planned to undergo total thyroidectomy under general anesthesia with tracheal intubation were randomized to swallow saliva twice or chew 1.4 g/2.8 g of gum for 2 minutes before surgery. A standard anesthesia protocol was performed. The numerical rating scale scores of POST at 1, 24, and 48 h after surgery were collected. The primary outcome was the incidence of moderate/severe POST (numerical rating scale score >3) within 48 h.ResultsData from 148 patients (control group, n = 50; 1.4 g group, n = 48; and 2.8 g group, n = 50) were included in the analysis. Within 48 h, there was a significant difference among the three groups in the incidence of moderate/severe POST (control group: 74% vs. 1.4 g group: 65% vs. 2.8 g group: 50%. P = 0.04). The 2.8 g group had less incidence of moderate/severe POST than the control group (Odds Ratio = 0.351 95% Confidence Interval: (0.152 and 0.814) P = 0.02).ConclusionChewing 2.8 g gum before total thyroidectomy can reduce the incidence of moderate/severe POST within 48 h after surgery.
Introduction: The Dynamics of Truthfulness and Media
Authors: Schirrmacher Beate , Mousavi Nafiseh 
Published: December 2023

Abstract In this introduction to “Truth Claims Across Media,” we approach pressing questions related to facts and fakes, authority and authenticity, information and disinformation through an intermedial perspective. As digital technology allows us to blend different media and modes on an unprecedented scale, we need to delve deeper into how our media choices impact our perception of truthfulness. We present the concepts of truthfulness and truth claims, examining what kind of knowledge about the actual world can be derived from specific media products. The intermedial perspective serves as a lens through which we can elucidate how the interplay between facts, coherence, and audience engagement varies in different media contexts. From this perspective, it becomes possible to discuss how media choices influence knowledge production and relate to the evolving demands for authenticity and witnessing in today’s shifting media landscape.
A Story Too Good to Be True: The Manipulation of Truth Claims in Faked News
Authors: Schirrmacher Beate 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn 2018, former German star reporter Claas Relotius admitted that he manipulated most of his prize-winning feature stories. Why did no one suspect for a long time that his stories were a bit too good to be true? Instead of trying to differentiate facts from fiction, this article explores how facts and narrative interact in journalism. Drawing on Lars Elleström’s approach to how truthfulness in communication is based on indexicality (Semiotica 225, 423–446, 2018), the analysis looks for indexical traces of journalistic work in two news features published in Der Spiegel, one by Alexander Osang (Der Spiegel 37, 50–54, 2018) and the manipulated feature, “The story of Ahmed and Alin” by Claas Relotius (Der Spiegel 28, 127–34, 2016). The analysis explores how observed and verifiable details interact with elements of internal and external coherence. In Osang’s feature, the different indexical relationships are closely connected yet clearly separated. In Relotius’s manipulated feature, the different indexical relationships are not easily identified, and elements of coherence point towards each other instead of being grounded in observed and verifiable detail. This kind of analysis makes it possible to start to describe in more detail how a factual narrative is truthfully or only insufficiently grounded in actual events.
The Montage of the National Past: Polish Right-Wing Illustrated Press and the Abuse of History
Authors: Saryusz-Wolska Magdalena 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe study analyzes covers of contemporary Polish right-wing magazines and shows that many of them use historical images for political purposes. Referring to the terminology of Antoon de Baets, the author argues that the images on the covers “abuse history,” i.e., use history in an intentionally deceptive way. The main technique of abusing history is montage. Historical motifs are combined with each other either on particular covers or between them. Although originally montage was widely used as means of avant-garde and leftist art, it is now a common method of designing conservative and right-wing imagery. Drawing on the premises of the pictorial turn, the author further claims that the covers shape social and political realities. They are not mere illustrations but powerful actors of the public discourse that promote a view on history in which whole nations are either heroes or traitors, good or bad. Therefore, they contribute to the simplified and even falsified perspective on the past.
Unveiling Truth and Truthfulness in the Graphic Memoir Heimat
Authors: de Figueiredo Camila Augusta P. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractHeimat: A German Family Album is a book by author and illustrator Nora Krug, named Best Book of 2018 by The Guardian and The New York Times’ critics. It is a collection of family photos combined with drawings, as well as photographic reproductions of objects and historical documents—such as notebooks, questionnaires, police reports, and letters. The narrative follows Krug’s quest to find out whether any of her relatives took part in the Nazi Party or professed any political views during the regime. In this text, I examine how the medial configurations of graphic memoirs in general, and of Heimat in particular, can communicate truthfulness. Relying on Lars Elleström’s framework, I first discuss the notion of truthfulness in mediated communication. Next, I examine the established tradition in graphic memoirs of using media representation, transmediation, and associated media products in order to claim truthfulness, so that readers accept them as valid demonstrations of a factual narrative. Then I present the case of Heimat, indicating how it sometimes differs from this convention. Finally, I offer a possible explanation for this deviation from the traditional use of media representation in graphic memoirs to convey truthfulness.
“An Occasionally True Story”: Biofiction, Authenticity and Fictionality in The Great (2020)
Authors: Gutowska Anna 
Published: December 2023

AbstractContemporary visual and literary culture has seen a proliferation of quasi-biographical texts that blur the lines between fact and fiction and often imply that by subverting or questioning the dominant portrayal of a given historical figure they offer a “true” version that had hitherto been suppressed. These so called “biofictions” (e.g. Netflix seriesThe Crown,or Baz Luhrman’s feature filmElvis) are hybrids of biography and pure conjecture, but despite their essentially fictitious nature, they make claims to authenticity, often implying that the sensationalised versions of the famous lives are the “authentic” ones.This chapter seeks to analyse the recent critically acclaimed television seriesThe Great(season 1: 2020, season 2: 2022), created by Tony McNamara, starring Elle Fanning as Catherine the Great, Empress of Russia, against the backdrop of recent trends in biofiction and costume drama. In particular, the chapter focuses on the interplay between the conventions of historical biofiction and biopic (and in particular of the “queen pic”—a biographical film about a female royal) and the series’ progressive and presentist agenda, and it aims to position the case study ofThe Greatwithin the broader discussion of attitudes towards the past in modern popular culture.
Are We in Control?
Authors: Lee Edward A. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis chapter introduces the problem of accountability and control in technology development. Traditionally, technology has been understood to emerge from deliberate, top-down, intelligent decisions by humans. More recently, it has become clear that a chaotic evolutionary process plays a major role. This chapter addresses the questions of to what extent humans are in control of technology development, how accountability changes with increased use of AI, and how society may need to adapt. In particular, technology coevolves with human society, and even if every deliberate design decision made by humans is ethical, this provides little assurance that bad outcomes will be avoided.
AI @ Work: Human Empowerment or Disempowerment?
Authors: Koeszegi Sabine T. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractRecent advancements in generative AI systems fuel expectations that AI will free workers to resolve creative, complex, and rewarding tasks by automating routine and repetitive work. Furthermore, algorithmic decision systems (ADS) will improve decision quality by providing real-time information and insights, analyzing vast amounts of data, and generating recommendations to support decision-making. In this narrative, AI empowers workers to achievements that they could not reach without the technology. However, using AI in work contexts may also lead to changes in workers’ roles and identities, leading to feelings of reduced self-efficacy and lower confidence in their abilities and a sense of diminished value in the workplace, their ethical decision-making abilities, and professional integrity. Initial empirical findings on the impact of AI in the work context point to essential design aspects that will determine which of the narratives becomes a reality. This chapter presents these initial findings and makes design suggestions.
The Re-enchanted Universe of AI: The Place for Human Agency
Authors: Nowotny Helga 
Published: December 2023

AbstractGenerative AI designed as a digital tool to communicate with humans raises a series of questions to what extent ChatGPT and its rivals approach, match, and eventually may surpass human cognitive abilities. I propose to situate their amazing performance in a longer historical perspective of the evolution of human knowledge that occurs by externalizing or “outsourcing” knowledge operations, beginning with the invention of writing. However, the latest developments confront us with digital technologies that render it increasingly difficult to distinguish genuinely human characteristics and abilities from artificially created ones. This renders the question of human agency and the extent to which it is transferred to machines as crucial for digital humanism, especially when we reflect on some uncanny resemblances with the immanent “enchanted” cosmic order in which our ancestors lived.
The Road Less Taken: Pathways to Ethical and Responsible Technologies
Authors: Winter Susan 
Published: December 2023

AbstractTechnology is no longer just about technology—now it is about living. So, how do we have ethical technology that creates a better life and a better society? Technology must become truly “human-centered,” not just “human-aware” or “human-adjacent.” Diverse users and advocacy groups must become equal partners in initial co-design and in continual assessment and management of information systems with human, social, physical, and technical components. But we cannot get there without radically transforming how we think about, develop, and use technologies. In this chapter, we explore new models for digital humanism and discuss effective tools and techniques for designing, building, and maintaining sociotechnical systems that are built to be and remain continuously ethical, responsible, and human-centered.
Governance for Digital Humanism: The Role of Regulation, Standardization, and Certification
Authors: Neppel Clara , Shaw Patricia 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAssuring that digital systems and services operate in accordance with agreed norms and principles is essential to foster trust and facilitate their adoption. Ethical assurance requires a global ecosystem, where organizations not only commit to upholding human values, dignity, and well-being but are also able to demonstrate this when required by the specific context in which they operate. We focus on possible governance frameworks including regulatory and non-regulatory measures, taking as an example AI systems. Thereby, we highlight the importance of considering the specific context, as well as the entire life cycle, from design to deployment, including data governance. Socio-technical, value-based standards, and certification schemes are introduced as enabling instruments for operationalizing responsible and ethical approaches to AI in line with upcoming regulatory requirements.
Value-Sensitive Software Design: Ethical Deliberation in Agile Development Processes
Authors: Zuber N. , Gogoll J. , Kacianka S. , Nida-Rümelin J. , Pretschner A. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis chapter discusses the integration of ethical deliberations within agile software development processes. It emphasizes the importance of considering ethical implications during the development of software, not just AI. The chapter proposes modes of reflection and deliberation that include disclosive, weighing, and applicative modes of contemplation. It argues that these three kinds of thinking are guided by different normative values. The chapter suggests that agile development is an excellent starting point for implementing ethical deliberations, as it allows for continuous reflection and learning. It also proposes that development teams can perform this task themselves up to a point with proper guidance. This section further discusses the potential of agile processes to naturally accommodate ethical deliberation. However, it also acknowledges the challenges associated with implementing agile processes, especially in the context of machine learning models.