bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A framework based on subject-specific musculoskeletal models and Monte Carlo simulations to personalize muscle coordination retraining
Authors: Kainz Hans , Koller Willi , Wallnöfer Elias , Bader Till R. , Mindler Gabriel T. , Kranzl Andreas 
Published: February 2024

AbstractExcessive loads at lower limb joints can lead to pain and degenerative diseases. Altering joint loads with muscle coordination retraining might help to treat or prevent clinical symptoms in a non-invasive way. Knowing how much muscle coordination retraining can reduce joint loads and which muscles have the biggest impact on joint loads is crucial for personalized gait retraining. We introduced a simulation framework to quantify the potential of muscle coordination retraining to reduce joint loads for an individuum. Furthermore, the proposed framework enables to pinpoint muscles, which alterations have the highest likelihood to reduce joint loads. Simulations were performed based on three-dimensional motion capture data of five healthy adolescents (femoral torsion 10°–29°, tibial torsion 19°–38°) and five patients with idiopathic torsional deformities at the femur and/or tibia (femoral torsion 18°–52°, tibial torsion 3°–50°). For each participant, a musculoskeletal model was modified to match the femoral and tibial geometry obtained from magnetic resonance images. Each participant’s model and the corresponding motion capture data were used as input for a Monte Carlo analysis to investigate how different muscle coordination strategies influence joint loads. OpenSim was used to run 10,000 simulations for each participant. Root-mean-square of muscle forces and peak joint contact forces were compared between simulations. Depending on the participant, altering muscle coordination led to a maximum reduction in hip, knee, patellofemoral and ankle joint loads between 5 and 18%, 4% and 45%, 16% and 36%, and 2% and 6%, respectively. In some but not all participants reducing joint loads at one joint increased joint loads at other joints. The required alteration in muscle forces to achieve a reduction in joint loads showed a large variability between participants. The potential of muscle coordination retraining to reduce joint loads depends on the person’s musculoskeletal geometry and gait pattern and therefore showed a large variability between participants, which highlights the usefulness and importance of the proposed framework to personalize gait retraining.
Machine learning driven methodology for enhanced nylon microplastic detection and characterization
Authors: Yang Cihang , Xie Junhao , Gowen Aoife , Xu Jun-Li 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn recent years, the field of microplastic (MP) research has evolved significantly; however, the lack of a standardized detection methodology has led to incomparability across studies. Addressing this gap, our current study innovates a reliable MP detection system that synergizes sample processing, machine learning, and optical photothermal infrared (O-PTIR) spectroscopy. This approach includes examining high-temperature filtration and alcohol treatment for reducing non-MP particles and utilizing a support vector machine (SVM) classifier focused on key wavenumbers that could discriminate between nylon MPs and non-nylon MPs (1077, 1541, 1635, 1711 cm−1 were selected based on the feature importance of SVM-Full wavenumber model) for enhanced MP identification. The SVM model built from key wavenumbers demonstrates a high accuracy rate of 91.33%. Results show that alcohol treatment is effective in minimizing non-MP particles, while filtration at 70 °C has limited impact. Additionally, this method was applied to assess MPs released from commercial nylon teabags, revealing an average release of 106 particles per teabag. This research integrates machine learning with O-PTIR spectroscopy, paving the way for potential standardization in MP detection methodologies and providing vital insights into their environmental and health implications.
Frequency pushing enhanced by an exceptional point in an atom–cavity coupled system
Authors: Lee Joohye , Kim Jinuk , An Kyungwon 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWe observed the frequency pushing of the cavity resonance as a result of the coupling of the cavity field with the ground state 138Ba in a high-Q cavity. A weak probe laser propagated along the axis of a Fabry–Pérot cavity while ground-state barium atoms traversed the cavity mode perpendicularly. By operating the atom–cavity composite in the vicinity of an exceptional point, we could observe a greatly enhanced frequency shift of the cavity transmission peak, which was pushed away from the atomic resonance, resulting in up to 41 ± 7 kHz frequency shift per atom from the empty cavity resonance. We analyzed our results by using the Maxwell–Schrödinger equation and obtained good agreement with the measurements.
Microbial butyrate capacity is reduced in inflamed mucosa in patients with ulcerative colitis
Authors: Jangi Sushrut , Moyer John , Sandlow Sarah , Fu May , Chen Hannah , Shum Ann , Hsia Katie , Cersosimo Laura , Yeliseyev Vladimir , Zhao Naisi , Bry Lynn , Michaud Dominique S 
Published: February 2024

AbstractReduced butyrate-production capacity has been reported in fecal microbial communities in patients with active ulcerative colitis. However, the butyrate-production capacity of the mucosal microbiome from active vs quiescent mucosa in ulcerative colitis has been unexplored. We sought to determine the diversity and relative abundance of mucosal bacterial and fungal communities from endoscopically active vs quiescent mucosa in patients with UC, and aimed to predict contributions of mucosal microbial communities to butyrate synthesis. Systematic, segmental right- and left-sided biopsies were obtained from endoscopically active (n = 13) or quiescent (n = 17) colonic mucosa, among 15 patients with pan-colonic ulcerative colitis. Dietary fiber intake of patients was performed using the validated five-item FiberScreen questionnaire. Amplicon sequencing of mucosal bacteria and fungi was performed. The diversity and relative abundance of mucosal bacterial and fungal taxa were quantified, and predicted contributions to butyrate synthesis were ascertained. Bacterial alpha and beta diversity were similar between active vs quiescent mucosa. Butyrogenic taxa were significantly increased in quiescence, includingButyricimonas,Subdoligranulum, andAlistipes. Predicted butyrate kinase activity was significantly and concomitantly increased in quiescent mucosa. Fiber intake was positively correlated with butyrogenic microbes. Compared to mucosal bacterial prevalence, mucosal fungi were detected in low prevalence. Butyrogenic microbes are relatively increased in quiescent mucosa in ulcerative colitis, and may be related to increased fiber intake during quiescence. Manipulation of the mucosal microbiome towards butyrate-producing bacteria may be associated with endoscopic quiescence.
Functional BRI2-TREM2 interactions in microglia: implications for Alzheimer’s and related dementias
Authors: Yin Tao , Yesiltepe Metin , D’Adamio Luciano 
Published: February 2024

AbstractITM2B/BRI2 mutations cause Alzheimer’s Disease (AD)-related dementias. We observe heightened ITM2B/BRI2 expression in microglia, a pivotal cell type in AD due to risk-increasing variants in the microglial gene TREM2. Single-cell RNA-sequencing demonstrates a Trem2/Bri2-dependent microglia cluster, underscoring their functional interaction. α-secretase cleaves TREM2 into TREM2-CTF and sTREM2. As BRI2 hinders α-secretase cleavage of the AD-related Aβ-Precursor-Protein, we probed whether BRI2 influences TREM2 processing. Our findings indicate a BRI2-TREM2 interaction that inhibits TREM2 processing in heterologous cells. Recombinant BRI2 and TREM2 proteins demonstrate a direct, cell-free BRI2-TREM2 ectodomain interaction. Constitutive and microglial-specific Itm2b-Knock-out mice, and Itm2b-Knock-out primary microglia provide evidence that Bri2 reduces Trem2 processing, boosts Trem2 mRNA expression, and influences Trem2 protein levels through α-secretase-independent pathways, revealing a multifaceted BRI2-TREM2 functional interaction. Moreover, a mutant Itm2b dementia mouse model exhibits elevated Trem2-CTF and sTrem2, mirroring sTREM2 increases in AD patients. Lastly, Bri2 deletion reduces phagocytosis similarly to a pathogenic TREM2 variant that enhances processing. Given BRI2’s role in regulating Aβ-Precursor-Protein and TREM2 functions, it holds promise as a therapeutic target for AD and related dementias.
RNA polymerase II promotes the organization of chromatin following DNA replication
Authors: Bandau Susanne , Alvarez Vanesa , Jiang Hao , Graff Sarah , Sundaramoorthy Ramasubramanian , Gierlinski Marek , Toman Matt , Owen-Hughes Tom , Sidoli Simone , Lamond Angus , Alabert Constance 
Published: February 2024

AbstractUnderstanding how chromatin organisation is duplicated on the two daughter strands is a central question in epigenetics. In mammals, following the passage of the replisome, nucleosomes lose their defined positioning and transcription contributes to their re-organisation. However, whether transcription plays a greater role in the organization of chromatin following DNA replication remains unclear. Here we analysed protein re-association with newly replicated DNA upon inhibition of transcription using iPOND coupled to quantitative mass spectrometry. We show that nucleosome assembly and the re-establishment of most histone modifications are uncoupled from transcription. However, RNAPII acts to promote the re-association of hundreds of proteins with newly replicated chromatin via pathways that are not observed in steady-state chromatin. These include ATP-dependent remodellers, transcription factors and histone methyltransferases. We also identify a set of DNA repair factors that may handle transcription-replication conflicts during normal transcription in human non-transformed cells. Our study reveals that transcription plays a greater role in the organization of chromatin post-replication than previously anticipated.
Automatic optimal design of field plate for silicon on insulator lateral double‐diffused metal oxide semiconductor using simulated annealing algorithm
Authors: Chen Jing , Xia Renji , You Jinwen , Yao Qing , Dai Yuxuan , Zhang Jun , Yao Jiafei , Guo Yufeng 
Published: February 2024

AbstractField plate (FP) technology has been widely used due to its simple structure and process compatibility. Through introducing the interface charge to suppress the electric field peak at the junction region, the breakdown performance can be improved. However, designing an appropriate FP for semiconductor power devices is challenging and time‐consuming. In this paper, the authors propose a fully automated FP optimal design method based on simulated annealing algorithm (SA) for silicon on insulator lateral double‐diffused metal oxide semiconductor. By using an automatic iterative process to obtain the minimum value of the objective function, the parameters related to the FP can be effectively provided. Numerical results show that when the breakdown occurs at the N+N or PN junction, the breakdown voltage can be optimized by an average of 18.6% and 45.5%, respectively. Moreover, compared with the existing methods, the proposed approach is highly efficient with a runtime that does not exceed 12 s. The authors believe that this method can greatly accelerate the power device design process.
Cover Image
Authors: Pang Lei , Ding Zijun , Bian Xiaodong , Shuang Weibing 
Published: February 2024

The cover image is based on the Original Article Research on symptoms composition, time series evolution, and network visualisation of interstitial cystitis based on complex network community discovery algorithm by Lei Pang et al., https://doi.org/10.1049/syb2.12083image
Searching for cold gas traced by MgII quasar absorbers in massive X-ray-selected galaxy clusters
Authors: Fresco A. , Péroux C. , Merloni A. , Comparat J. , Szakacs R. , Weng S. 
Published: February 2024

Context. Almost 50% of galaxies in the local Universe are in clusters or groups coexisting with both hot and cold gas components. In the present study, we observationally probed the cold-gas content of X-ray-selected massive galaxy clusters with spectroscopic redshift measured from the SDSS/SPIDERS survey. This paper focuses on the most massive structures: galaxy clusters with a mean mass of M500c = 2.7 × 1014 M⊙.
Aims. We used a large number of background quasar optical spectra from SDSS DR16 to probe the diffuse T = 104 K gas in their intracluster medium.
Methods. We first analysed a sample of spectra with known MgII absorbers, and then blindly stacked about 16 000 archival spectra at the redshifts of the foreground galaxy clusters.
Results. We tentatively (3.7σ significance) detect MgII in the clusters with an equivalent width EW(MgII λ2796) of 0.056 ± 0.015 Å, corresponding to a column density of log [N(MgII)/cm−2] = 12.12 ± 0.1. We tested our methodology by generating 22 000 mock SDSS spectra with MgII absorbers from Illustris-TNG50 cosmological magnetohydrodynamical simulations, combining photo-ionisation modelling and ray tracing. We also performed bootstrapping stacking at different cluster redshifts and stacked quasar spectra with no intervening clusters in the line of sight to measure the significance of our detection.
Conclusions. These results are in line with the findings of recent, similar observational studies but challenge predictions from Illustris-TNG simulations. Together, our findings indicate that large amounts of cold gas may be found in the most massive structures of the Universe.
The spectroastrometric detectability of nearby Solar System-like exomoons
Authors: van Woerkom Q. B. , Kleisioti E. 
Published: February 2024

Context. Though efforts to detect them have been made with a variety of methods, no technique can claim a successful, confirmed detection of a moon outside the Solar System yet. Moon detection methods are restricted in capability to detecting moons of masses beyond what formation models would suggest, or they require surface temperatures exceeding what tidal heating simulations allow.Aims. We expand upon spectroastrometry, a method that makes use of the variation of the centre of light with wavelength as the result of an unresolved companion, which has previously been shown to be capable of detecting Earth-analogue moons around nearby exo-Jupiters, with the aim to place bounds on the types of moons detectable using this method.Methods. We derived a general, analytic expression for the spectroastrometric signal of a moon in any closed Keplerian orbit, as well as a new set of estimates on the noise due to photon noise, pointing inaccuracies, background and instrument noise, and a pixelated detector. This framework was consequently used to derive bounds on the temperature required for Solar System-like moons to be observable around super-Jupiters in nearby systems, with∈Indi Ab as an archetype.Results. We show that such a detection is possible with the ELT for Solar System-like moons of moderate temperatures (150–300 K) in line with existing literature on tidal heating, and that the detection of large (Mars-sized or greater) icy moons of temperatures such as those observed in our Solar System in the very nearest systems may be feasible.
Rééducation myofonctionnelle orofaciale avec gouttière préfabriquée (GRP) en orthodontie interceptive
Authors: Amat Philippe 
Published: February 2024

La rééducation myofonctionnelle orofaciale (RMOF) est la rééducation des muscles, des fonctions et des postures de repos du complexe orofacial. Les données publiées, même de qualité méthodologique inégale, semblent montrer la supériorité d’une rééducation myofonctionnelle orofaciale associée au port d’une gouttière de rééducation préfabriquée (GRP) comparée à la mise en oeuvre d’une RMOF sans GRP. Le résultat d’un traitement orthodontique interceptif est réputé instable. Plusieurs moyens existent pour contrer ce problème d’instabilité, dont la RMOF assistée par GRP. Elle occupe un rôle central comme une clé de voûte, cette partie essentielle d’un ensemble dont tout dépend.
Un nouveau protocole de RMOF assistée par GRP en sept étapes est proposé. Individualisé, il est facilement intégré dans les rythmes de vie des patients et de leurs familles, qui perçoivent mieux la nécessité de traiter l’individu dans sa globalité. Le projet d’un nouveau modèle de gouttière de rééducation préfabriquée est exposé. Ses caractéristiques innovantes lui permettent de répondre à la quasi-intégralité des indications de RMOF en orthodontie, notamment interceptive.
Deux dossiers patients illustrent les volets clinique et administratif de cette RMOF assistée par GRP. Des approches thérapeutiques cliniques originales sont également exposées : cales de désocclusion et de recentrage mandibulaire (CDRM), cales anti-rétrusion (CAR). La RMOF assistées par GRP apparaît comme un nécessaire changement de paradigme, dont il semble utile de faire bénéficier nos patients.
Effective character teaching methods for L1 English Chinese-as-a-foreign-language learners
Authors: Zhang Shenglan 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Chinese character instruction has been one of the most challenging aspects in teaching Chinese as a Foreign
Language (CFL). CFL teachers need access to a pool of effective character teaching methods to practice evidence-based and
research-informed teaching. This synthesis study comprises an exhaustive search of literature published from 1952 to the present
on character instruction for L1 English CFL learners and a systematic review of 22 articles identified through that search. The
articles were cross analyzed in terms of research methods, learners’ proficiency levels, learning settings, methodological
approaches, and theoretical bases. The analysis found an increasing number of studies on character teaching methods in the past
ten years and that technology plays an important role in the design of these methods. Six categories of character instructional
methods were identified out of the 39 methods examined in the literature. Within five of the categories, effective methods were
identified, described, and discussed. Analysis of the data points out the strengths and weaknesses of the current research on
character teaching and highlights the need for more research on character learning with younger learners and on using different
approaches at the curriculum level. This article concludes by identifying the next steps to take and calling for more action
research to examine the application cycle of these effective methods in classroom teaching.
Evaluation of a One Health Clinic: Enhancing access to healthcare and housing for young adults experiencing homelessness with animals
Authors: Kelley Jessica C. , Ramirez Vickie , Meisner Julianne 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The One Health Clinic (OHC) is a transdisciplinary approach to healthcare services delivery, providing low-barrier healthcare and community services for people experiencing homelessness (PEH) and their companion animals that integrate human, animal, and environmental health. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of an OHC model in a youth and young adult shelter on access to healthcare, housing, and community resources. Researchers conducted semi-structured interviews with six OHC client participants and three provider participants, and a thematic analysis was used to study the effects of the OHC model on two key outcomes: overall health for humans and their companion animal(s), and access to public services for humans and their companion animal(s). Results showed that the OHC model provides multiple services in one place which reduces barriers to accessing health services, housing, and community resources. The integrated healthcare services promote positive interactions with providers and facilitate access to healthcare, housing, and community resources for PEH and their companion animals. Settings with similar goals of client health and access to healthcare, as well as housing services and community resources, can utilize the OHC care model to integrate services for lower barrier access to healthcare and community services to promote health on an individual level and from a One Health perspective.

One Health impact statement
Our study on the OHC model demonstrates the tangible impact of integrating healthcare services for homeless young adults and their companion animals. In the One Health context, our work addresses the complex interplay between human, animal, and environmental well-being. By bridging healthcare, housing, and community resources, the OHC model enhances access and reduces barriers. The One Health approach enriches impact, as collaboration across sectors yields multifaceted benefits. The transdisciplinary nature of our research fuses academic and non-academic knowledge, ensuring a holistic perspective. Practical solutions emerge from diverse insights, transcending traditional boundaries. This co-produced transformational knowledge facilitates real-world change, impacting lives, promoting resilience, and fostering sustainability. The OHC model exemplifies how cooperative, transdisciplinary efforts yield breakthroughs that elevate health, save lives, and nurture the optimal environment for people and their companion animals to live, work, and play.
Multi-Modelling Approach to Support Decision Making in Crop Protection
Authors: Fedele G. , Salotti I. , Caffi T. , Rossi V. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

A more sustainable control of plant diseases is needed for the development of less intensive farming systems with reduced inputs of chemicals, including pesticides, and reduced use of natural resources. Integrated pest management (IPM) is currently the most effective method for sustainable disease control. IPM has higher complexity than conventional disease management and involves decision making at strategic, tactic, and operational levels, which is often challenging for farmers. Mathematical models are simplified representations of a crop system, which provide dynamic information about the crop status and can support decision making. In an IPM approach, plant disease models must be complemented with other models, such as models for crop growth and development, and models for fungicide dynamics. This case study describes the integration of mathematical models for plant disease, crop development, and plant protection products in a multi-modelling approach able to support multiple decision making in IPM. Downy mildew (
Plasmopara viticola)
of grapevines (
Vitis
) is used as a successful story of multiple model combinations through a web-based decision support system.

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Developing a Rural Tourism Route Through the Integration of Local Stakeholders: Challenges and Opportunities for Family Farmers in Porto Seguro – Bahia (Brazil)
Authors: Sant’Anna Eduardo S. , Mayer Verônica Feder , Marques Osiris 
Published: February 2024

Summary
Family farming plays a key role in global food production and economic development. Rural areas in Porto Seguro, Bahia, Brazil, possess a rich cultural heritage, sustainable agricultural practices, and traditional communities that have been overlooked by mainstream tourism. To unlock economic opportunities for small farmers and attract diverse tourists, the local government and university (Universidade Federal Fluminense) collaborated to enhance a rural tourism route. This case study explores the synergy among local government, the university, and residents, showcasing how it can lead to creative placemaking practices in rural tourism. The study focuses on the “Motherland of Brazil” route, a sustainable tourism option, and emphasises the importance of residents’ involvement in destination planning through family farmers’ participation.

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© The Authors 2024