bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Growth, Biochemical Status, and Mineral Metabolism in Very‐Low‐Birth‐Weight Infants Receiving Fortified Preterm Human Milk
Authors: Modanlou Houchang D. , Lim Mary O. , Hansen James W. , Sickles Virginia 
Published: January 2024

SummaryWe compared the growth, biochemical status, and mineral status of 30 very‐low‐birth‐weight infants randomly assigned to receive preterm human milk (Group I, 10 infants) from their own mothers, fortified preterm human milk (Group II, 8 infants), or a high‐caloric‐density premature formula (Group III. 12 infants). Added to the infant's own mother's milk, a human milk fortifier at full strength provided additional protein (60:40 whey/casein, 0.7 g/dl), calories (4 kcal/oz), and minerals. Volume of intake, feeding tolerance, and complications were similar in the three groups. Infants receiving fortified preterm human milk showed growth, biochemical status, and mineral status similar to those receiving high‐caloric‐density formula, but infants receiving fortified preterm human milk grew faster (12.0 ± 3.2 vs. 8.9 ±1.1 days/300 g. p < 0.05), had higher serum protein (4.6 ± 0.5 vs. 4.2 ± 0.2 g/dl, p < 0.05). and tended to have better mineral status (higher serum calcium, lower alkaline phosphatase, and higher serum phosphorus, none individually significant) than infants receiving preterm human milk alone. This study supports previous observations that fortified preterm human milk provides nutritional advantages for very‐low‐birth‐weight infants.
Red Cell Destruction and Bilirubin Production in Adult Rats with Short‐Term Biliary Obstruction
Authors: Salomon William L. , Vreman Hendrik J. , Kwong Linda K. , Stevenson David K. 
Published: January 2024

SummaryThe rate of total bilirubin production and the concomitant relative rate of early‐labeled bilirubin (ELB) formation were studied in adult Wistar rats with short‐term common bile duct ligation. The pulmonary excretion rate of CO (Veco), an index of total bilirubin production, was measured preoperatively and postoperatively on day 3 and on day 5 or 6. While the Veco measurements of control and experimental animals were similar preoperatively, the postoperative Veco measurements of the experimental animals averaged 30% higher than those of control animals. On postoperative day 3, the relative rate of ELB formation was measured by the recovery of excreted 14CO after the administration of 14C‐labeled 8‐aminolevulinic acid (ALA) or glycine as nonerythropoietic or total heme synthesis precursor, respectively. No significant differences were found in the 14CO recovered from either compound during the study period between the experimental and control animals. The half‐life of 51Cr‐labeled transfused red blood cells was decreased by nearly 50% in bile duct ligated rats compared to that in the sham operated ones. We conclude that hemolysis is a major factor contributing to the increase in total bilirubin production even after short‐term biliary obstruction in the rat.
Long‐Term Neuropsychological Outcome in Children Undergoing Portal‐Systemic Shunts for Portal Vein Obstruction Without Liver Disease
Authors: Alagille Daniel , Carlier Jeanne‐Charlotte , Chiva Matty , Ziadé Richard , Ziadé Marianne , Moy Françhise 
Published: January 2024

SummaryForty‐two children with portal vein obstruction (cavernoma) and without liver disease had a portosystemic surgical shunt performed at different ages. All of them had severe gastrointestinal hemorrhage prior to surgery. To evaluate the long‐term neurological and psychological effects of shunt procedures in children with normal liver function, they were studied up to 24 years postoperatively with psychometric testing. A comparison with two control groups as to the impact of surgery, family situation, and neonatal events was considered. Twenty‐four children with portal vein obstruction who were not operated on and 19 children splenectomized for hematological reasons acted as the control groups. No differences were observed in schooling and employment. Psychometric tests were almost identical in shunted patients and in the control groups. Minimal portal systemic encephalopathy appeared to be undetectable clinically either by electroencephalogram or by venous ammonia levels. The results of psychometric tests appear to show no loss of intellectual and psychological capacity in patients operated on for portal obstruction. Only visual memory and spatiotemporal tests showed slightly worse results in those children who underwent this procedure. Further longitudinal studies are required to substantiate these findings.
The Use of Nifedipine for the Treatment of Achalasia in Children
Authors: Maksimak Martin , Perlmutter David H. , Winter Harland S. 
Published: January 2024

SummaryFour adolescents with achalasia were treated with nifedipine. All the patients' symptoms improved dramatically. On manometric evaluation, following oral nifedipine, the lower esophageal sphincter pressure decreased approximately 50%. No change in esophageal peristaltic activity was noted. Side effects were minimal; two patients had mild headache initially. Nifedipine, which is commonly used in adult patients with achalasia, may be beneficial for short‐term symptomatic relief in children until more definitive therapy can be performed.
Diurnal and Within‐Feed Variations in Lipase Activity and Triglyceride Content of Human Milk
Authors: Freed Lois M. , Neville Margaret C. , Hamosh Paul , Hamosh Margit 
Published: January 2024

SummaryThis study examined the diurnal and withinfeed variations in the two lipases of human milk, bile‐salt‐stimulated lipase (BSSL) and lipoprotein lipase (LPL). In addition, all milks were also analyzed for triglyceride content. As compared to BSSL, LPL activity was more variable both among mothers and among different samples from the same mother (largest variation, 0–2.8 U/ml milk). The only significant variation in lipase activity was in LPL activity during a 24‐h period (0.96 × 0.113, 0.52 × 0.21, and 0.57 × 0.092 U/ml milk at 0801–1600, 0001–0800, and 1601–2400 h, respectively) (p < 0.05). Triglyceride content showed no significant diurnal variation but did increase significantly during a single feeding (31 × 9.4, 52 × 11.7, and 72 × 14.8, pimoles triglyceride/ml milk for fore‐, mid‐, and hind‐milks, respectively) (p < 0.05). There was no correlation between either LPL or BSSL activity and triglyceride content of the milks. Our data indicate that milk obtained for banking or research purposes will contain similar levels of BSSL activity irrespective of diurnal or within‐feed timing of milk collections.
Growth and Differentiative Maturation of the Rat Enterocyte
Authors: D'Harlingue Arthur E. , Kwong Linda K. , Morrill Judi S. , Sunshine Philip , Tsuboi Kenneth K. 
Published: January 2024

SummaryCells of the intestinal mucosa of the infant and adult rat maintain a pattern of continuous growth, accumulating structural and functional proteins and lipids while migrating the length of the villus column. Cells of jejunal and ileal segments were fractionated sequentially from villus tip to inner crypt and distribution patterns were determined for DNA, total protein, cholesterol, phospholipid, and disaccharidases. Patterns of increasing ratios of protein, lipids, and disaccharidases to DNA were maintained to villus tips, with only slight fall‐off of enzymes observed. Distribution profiles of disaccharidases, when computed relative to protein (as seen in previous reports), show distortion of the true cellular distribution pattern of these enzymes as determined by the DNA content of the fractions. Wide variation in cell protein concentrations was evident between jejunal and ileal segments in pre‐ and postweaned rats. Ileal cells of the suckling rat contained particularly high protein concentrations, which appeared to be largely transitory in nature and related to food intake. Cholesterol and phospholipids were found to be concentrated in the microvillus membrane and account for a significantly large fraction of the cellular content of these lipids.
Diagnostic Red Blood Cell Scintigraphy in GI Tract Bleeding From an Intestinal Hemangioma
Authors: Maeda Masato , Yamashiro Yuichiro 
Published: January 2024

Summary
99mTc‐labeled red blood cell (RBC) scintigraphy in vivo established the diagnosis of intestinal hemangioma in a 6‐year‐old girl suffering from gastrointestinal (GI) tract bleeding who had undergone an operation for removal of hemangioma at the nail bed. Other examinations, double‐contrast barium meal study and angiography, were unsuccessful in making the diagnosis. Intestinal hemangioma is rare in childhood, but a useful technique such as RBC scintigraphy should be performed to find the bleeding point of the GI tract, especially in case the patient has another obvious hemangioma.
Factors Affecting Antibody Response of Newborns to Repeated Administrations of the Rotavirus Vaccine RIT 4237
Authors: Cadranel S. , Zeglache S. , Jonckheer T. , Zissis G. , Andre F. E. , Bogaerts H. , Delem A. 
Published: January 2024

SummaryThe safety and immunogenicity of repeated doses of RIT 4237. an oral live attenuated rotavirus vaccine of bovine origin, as well as the influence of gastric acidity and maternal antibodies on the vaccine “take rate” were studied in newborns. The vaccine was given orally on the first day of life, at 1 month, and at 2 months of age. Fifty‐seven newborns entered the study but only 36 completed the trial. No adverse reaction was observed after vaccination. Immune responses were evaluated by titrating pre‐and postvaccination serum antibodies to RIT 4237 by a neutralization technique. Eight of 43 (18.6%) tested infants responded to the first dose of vaccine. Subsequently another six and 11 infants responded to the second and third dose, respectively. The total cumulative response after the third dose was 23 of 36 vaccinees (63.9%). The geometric mean neutralizing antibody titers was lower in responders than in nonre‐sponders before the first dose of vaccine indicating that maternal antibodies interfered with vaccine “take.” Since the RIT 4237 strain is acid sensitive, gastric pH was measured at the time of each vaccination. Mean pH values in responders were not significantly different than those found in nonresponders. Therefore, vaccine failures cannot be due to inactivation of the rotavirus vaccine in the stomach but instead they can be attributed to high levels of maternal antibodies. At each vaccination, additional subjects seroconverted. Therefore, a multiple dose scheme is advisable to obtain an optimal immune response.
Effects of Dietary Nucleotides on the Fatty Acid Composition of Erythrocyte Membrane Lipids in Term Infants
Authors: DeLucchi C. , Pita M. L. , Faus M. J. , Molina J. A. , Uauy R. , Gil Angel 
Published: January 2024

SummaryHuman milk contains relatively high amounts of acid‐soluble nucleotides, mainly CMP, AMP. UMP. IMP, and UDP sugars, and lacks orotate. On the contrary, cow's milk and adapted formulas contain high amounts of orotate and very low amounts of CMP and AMP. Nucleotides may he modulators of metabolic functions in gut and liver. To evaluate the possible role of dietary nucleotides in newborn fatty acid metabolism, we studied the polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) composition of erythrocyte membrane phospholipids in 58 term infants at 30 days of age. Twenty of them were fed human milk (HM). 19 an adapted formula (MF). and 19 with the same formula supplemented with nucleotides (NMF) in an amount similar to that present in HM. Relative content of omega 6 and 3 PUFA >18 carbon atoms was significantly reduced especially in phosphatidylethanol‐amine and phosphatidylserine for infants fed regular MF compared with those fed HM or NMF. Unsaturation index of red blood cell phospholipids showed a similar effect. These results suggest that dietary nucleotides play a role in the in vivo desaturation and elongation of essential fatty acids to long chain PUFA during early life for the human newborn.
Duodenal Bile Acids Among Children
Authors: Kocoshis Samuel A. , Schletewitz Katherine , Lovelace George , Laine Roger A. 
Published: January 2024

SummaryDuodenal bile acids, identified by gas‐liquid chromatography (GLC) and gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS), were correlated with quantitative aerobic and anaerobic duodenal culture in 26 children with enteropathies. Four patients whose duodenal fluid contained either ≥106 gram‐negative aerobes or ≥106 aerobic lactobacilli per milliliter had a significantly greater molar percentage of keto‐bile acids (32.3 ± 8.4%) than did 19 controls (0.72 ± 1.50%) chosen because duodenal fluid contained ≤104 bacteria per milliliter or three other patients with ≤106 anaerobes (6.1 ± 4.6%). As expected, free bile acids were seen in greater quantities (10.75 ± 3.25%) among the patients with anaerobic overgrowth or aerobic Lactobacillus overgrowth than among the controls (1.6 ± 1.0%) or the other three aerobic overgrowth patients (2.2 ± 1.4%). Incubation of glycocholate or glycochenodeoxycholate for 60 h with Eubacterium tortuosum from one patient or Escherichia coli from another produced the types of bile acids found in the duodenum of those patients. Successful antibacterial therapy improved gastrointestinal function and normalized duodenal bile acids not only among patients with anaerobic overgrowth but also among those with pure aerobic overgrowth. These data suggest that pure aerobic bacterial overgrowth syndrome occurs in children, and that altered duodenal bile acid composition may play a pathophysiologic role in this disorder.
Watery Diarrhea, Hypokalemia, Achlorhydria Syndrome in an Infant
Authors: Smith Sally S. , Shulman Dorothy I. , O'Dorisio Thomas M. , McClenathan Daniel T. , Borger James A. , Bercu Barry B. , Root Allen W. 
Published: January 2024

SummaryAn 8‐week‐old infant presented with vomiting and failure to thrive due to small bowel obstruction caused by a diffusely enlarged pancreas. Surgical bypass of the obstruction was followed by secretory diarrhea, hypokalemia, and dehydration. Plasma vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) (823 pg/ml), pancreatic polypeptide (4,500 pg/ml), and neurotensin (680 pg/ml) concentrations were markedly elevated. No neoplastic process was identified. Therapy with the long‐acting somatostatin analogue SMS 201–995 was followed by decline in VIP concentrations (900 to 200–300 pg/ml), decrease in stool frequency, and normalization of serum electrolytes. During 12 months of somatostatin analogue therapy, length and weight progressed along the 3rd percentile on the Tanner growth chart.
Peptic Ulcer Disease in Childhood
Authors: Murphy M. Stephen , Eastham Edmund J. 
Published: January 2024

SummaryInformation concerning the natural history of peptic ulcer disease commencing in childhood is limited. We have followed up 19 individuals in whom this diagnosis had been made in childhood 14–27 years previously. Strict diagnostic criteria were used. A high incidence of morbidity persisting into adult life was found. On investigation 9 (47%) had had a proven ulcer since entering adult life. Ten (53%) were no longer prone to recurring abdominal pain, but four of these had undergone vagotomy and pyloroplasty (three after the age of 21) for intractable symptoms. Thus, only six patients (31%) had made a lasting and spontaneous recovery. Serious complications had occurred at some time in the past in 10 cases (53%). Overt gastrointestinal bleeding had occurred in eight (42%), and this had been after the age of 18 years in three. Duodenal perforation occurred in one subject, and severe pyloric stenosis in another, both of whom were aged 21 years. One subject developed a penetrating duodenal ulcer at the age of 24 years. Seven (37%) had undergone surgery, and in two of these cases more than one operation had been performed. Fifty‐eight percent of complications suffered and 89% of surgical operations performed involved patients of 21 years or older. These findings firmly reinforce the opinion that the disorder frequently persists into adult life. The impact of modern means of medical therapy, such as the H2 receptor antagonists, has not yet been fully evaluated.
Carboxyhemoglobin Concentration as an Index of Bilirubin Production in Neonates with Birth Weights Less Than 1,500 Grams
Authors: Fischer Allen F. , Inguillo Dorothy , Martin Darrel M. , Ochikubo Clark G. , Vreman Hendrik J. , Stevenson David K. 
Published: January 2024

SummaryA randomized double‐blind study of the efficacy of oral vitamin E supplementation as a prophylactic treatment for hyperbilirubinemia was undertaken in pre‐term infants weighing < 1,500 g. Hemoglobin (Hb) levels, blood carboxyhemoglobin saturation (HbCOc), end‐tidal carbon monoxide concentration (ETCO), and serum total bilirubin levels were determined in each subject on the first and third days of the study. We found no differences between the vitamin E‐treated and placebo‐treated groups with respect to Hb, HbCOc, ETCO, or serum bilirubin levels on day 1 or 3. In addition, we reanalyzed our data to compare those infants who had low vitamin E levels at birth with those who had vitamin E levels >0.4 mg/dl on day 1. We still observed no differences in Hb, HbCOc, ETCO, or serum bilirubin levels on day 1 or 3. The results of our study suggest that supplemental oral vitamin E therapy has no major effect on bilirubin production during the first 3 days of life in premature infants weighing <1,500 g at birth.
Changing Patterns of Free Fatty Acids in Breast Milk During Storage
Authors: Lavine Margery , Clark Richard M. 
Published: January 2024

SummaryMilk was collected from eight mothers. Total lipid and free fatty acids were determined on collection. The samples were divided into aliquots and stored at 25, 4, or −11°C for 6, 12, 24, or 48 h. Additional samples were stored at ‐ 11 or −70°C for 1, 2, 4, 6, or 8 weeks. The effect of temperature, length of storage, and total milk lipid on the release of individual fatty acids during storage was determined. There was no measurable lipolysis in milk stored at −70°C. In the other samples both storage temperature and length of storage significantly affected lipolysis of milk lipids. The accumulation of free fatty acids in the milk increased with the length of storage and with increased storage temperature. Total lipid was not a significant factor in the release of fatty acids during the initial 48 h of storage. In samples stored for >48 h at −11°C, total lipid was positively correlated with the release of fatty acids. The pattern of free fatty acids in milk changed as storage progressed with an increase in the proportion of free 18:2, 20:4, and the other long‐chain polyenoic acids. This may have implications for infant nutrition as these fatty acids are required for normal growth and development of the neonate.
Effect of Short‐Term Food Deprivation on Luminal Protein Digestion in Suckling and Weanling Rats
Authors: Britton John R. , Koldovsk Otakar 
Published: January 2024

SummaryAlthough previous studies have described the effects of long‐term undernutrition on the process of protein digestion, little data exist regarding the impact of short‐term food deprivation on digestive processes. To evaluate the effect of short‐term food deprivation on luminal proteolytic activity in the rat, we incubated [125I]bovine casein in vitro at 37°C with fluid flushed from the lumen of stomach and small intestine of 12‐day‐old suckling and 31‐day‐old weanling rats that were either fed or food deprived for 12 h/100 g body weight (3 h for sucklings, 12 h for weanlings), followed by measurement of radioactivity in trichloroacetic acid soluble material. Assays were performed at pH 3.2 for stomach and 7.4 for small intestine. In the suckling, gastric luminal proteolytic activity was minimal in both fed and food‐deprived animals; jejunal and midjejunal proteolysis was not significantly affected by food deprivation, but the hydrolytic capacity of fluid from the ileum was reduced to 20% of that of fed animals. In the weanling, food deprivation increased gastric proteolytic activity two‐ to threefold but decreased proteolysis in jejunum and midjejunum. Time‐ course studies revealed that these effects were further accentuated by food deprivation for 24 h/100 g body weight in both age groups. It is concluded that short‐term food deprivation may affect luminal proteolytic capacity and that individual segments of the developing rat gastrointestinal tract respond differently to food deprivation. Presumably, direct and indirect effects of digesta may contribute to these differences.
Effect of Amino Acid Containing Dialysis Solutions on Plasma Amino Acid Profiles in Children with Chronic Renal Failure
Authors: Hanning Rhona M. , Balfe J. Williamson , Zlotkin Stanley H. 
Published: January 2024

SummaryOur previous studies demonstrated that, over single peritoneal dialysis cycles, amino acid‐based dialysis solutions (AAD) were effective in dialyzing children with chronic renal failure (CRF) and offered metabolic advantages over traditional glucose dialysis solutions. The AAD, however, resulted in undesirable elevations of certain plasma amino acids, notably methionine. To further investigate the relationship between dialysate and plasma amino acid levels, we assessed the plasma amino acid response to a new AAD with relatively low methionine content (Vamin‐based) over separate 5‐h cycles with 1.3 and 2.3% AAD in eight patients with CRF (age 1–9 years) on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). There was a net absorption of 70–73% of the amino acids, the net absorption of individual ammo acids corresponding with the AAD composition. Plasma amino acid levels rose with AAD, peaking by 1h postinfusion. Although most amino acids fell to preinfusion levels at the end of the cycle (including methionine). isoleucine with the 1.3% AAD and isoleucine, leucine, phenylalanine, and lyrosine with the 2.3% AAD remained significantly elevated. Having demonstrated in children that amino acids are absorbed from the peritoneal cavity in proportion to the AAD profile, modification of the current AAD is suggested.
Dysfibrinogenemia in Obstructive Liver Disease
Authors: Levy Joseph , Pettei Michael J. , Weitz Jeffrey I. 
Published: January 2024

SummaryAcquired dysfibrinogenemia was documented in a 4‐year‐old child with obstructive jaundice of 1‐month duration, secondary to a choledochal cyst involving the distal common bile duct. It was characterized by decreased thrombin coagulable protein with elevated immunoassayable fibrinogen resulting in abnormal thrombin and reptilase times. The liver morphology was compatible with extrahepatic obstruction, without evidence of cirrhosis or hepalocyte abnormality. All the coagulation abnormalities promptly resolved alter surgical correction of the obstruction. Dysfibrinogenemia has been associated with serious liver disease in adults, including tumors, chronic active hepatitis, and cirrhosis, but never with isolated obstructive jaundice. This report documents a case of acquired dysfibrinogenemia due to extra‐hepatic biliary obstruction and also emphasizes the importance of the consideration of this disorder in coagulation abnormalities associated with hepatobiliary disease.
Idiopathic Hepatic Copper Toxicosis in a Child
Authors: Maggiore Giuseppe , Giacomo Costantino Do , Sessa Fausto , Burgio G. Roberto 
Published: January 2024

SummaryA 10‐year‐old Italian boy with chronic liver disease and copper overload is described. Biological and histopathological findings are similar to those described in children with Indian childhood cirrhosis. This report suggest that a disease akin to Indian childhood cirrhosis but different from Wilson disease can be found in non‐Indian children probably representing a new, possibly inherited, disease of copper metabolism leading to copper overload in the liver.