bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microbial contamination of the anterior chamber during cataract phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation in dogs
Authors: Ledbetter Eric C. , Millichamp Nicholas J. , Dziezyc Joan 
Published: August 2004

AbstractThe objective of this study was to determine the frequency of intraoperative contamination of the anterior chamber with viable microorganisms during cataract phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation, and to evaluate the relationship of contaminant microorganisms to patients’ extraocular and nasal cavity floras. Also, the impact of various aspects of the patient history and phacoemulsification procedure on the incidence of positive postoperative anterior chamber cultures was investigated. Twenty‐two eyes from 13 dogs presented for elective cataract phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation were studied. Preoperatively, microbiologic samples of the conjunctiva, eyelid margins, nares, and rostral nasal cavity were collected. Postoperatively, anterior chamber fluid was aspirated. Samples were submitted for aerobic/anaerobic bacteriologic culture and antimicrobial susceptibility, Mycoplasma culture, and fungal culture. Anterior chamber aspirates collected at the conclusion of surgery were culture positive for at least one organism in 22.7% of eyes. Three aerobic bacteria and three fungi were isolated from the anterior chamber aspirates. Two fungi and one bacterium isolated from the anterior chamber were typed identically, and the bacterium had a similar antibiogram to organisms recovered from the patient's conjunctiva and eyelid margin. No statistically significant difference in contamination frequency was found for the investigated patient and surgical variables. We conclude that intraoperative contamination of the anterior chamber with viable bacterial and fungal organisms is a common occurrence in canine patients undergoing cataract phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation, and the external ocular flora is a likely source of some of these contaminating microorganisms. This contamination is independent of the patient and surgical variables investigated.
Use of topical mitomycin C in myoplasty of the medial rectus muscle of rabbits
Authors: Mamede Fabrício V. , Laus José L. , Cabral Vânia P. , Vicenti Felipe A. M. , Barbieri‐Neto José 
Published: August 2004

AbstractTo possibly reduce postoperative adhesions that occur after ocular myoplasties, we investigated the topical effects of 0.04% mitomycin C on the repaired areas of the medial rectus muscle using an equine renal capsule preserved in 98% glycerin for reinforcement of the sutures. Twenty‐four rabbits, divided into two groups of 12 animals each [untreated (control) and treated group (MMC)], were submitted to surgical rupture of the medial rectus muscle of one eye and repair of the defect 24 h later with sutures and an equine renal capsule. Post‐operative prophylactic treatment of the two groups consisted of the administration of eye drops containing neomycin, polymyxin B and dexamethasone at regular 6‐h intervals for eight consecutive days and daily rinsing with physiological saline. MMC animals received additional treatment with topical 0.04% mitomycin C every 6 h for 14 consecutive days. Slit lamp biomicroscopy showed greater irritation of the ocular surface in MMC animals during the first days post operatively. Adhesions were observed at 15 and 30 days of assessment in the two groups, but were more extensive in control animals at 60 days. Histopathology revealed inflammatory exudation in both groups, which was greater in MMC animals. Mitomycin C (0.04%) instilled at 6‐h intervals for 14 consecutive days reduced the occurrence of fibrosis in the myoplastic areas. However, the equine renal capsule was found to be of little benefit for the reinforcement of myoplasties.
Surgical management and histologic and immunohistochemical features of a cataract and retrolental plaque secondary to persistent hyperplastic tunica vasculosa lentis/persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous (PHTVL/PHPV) in a Bloodhound puppy
Authors: Gemensky‐Metzler Anne J. , Wilkie David A. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractThe objective of this study was to describe the clinical, histologic and immunohistochemical features, the surgical treatment, and outcome of a cataract secondary to persistent hyperplastic tunica vasculosa lentis/persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous (PHTVL/PHPV) in a dog. A 4‐month‐old male Bloodhound dog presented for evaluation of a cataract. A complete ophthalmic examination and ocular ultrasonography were performed. A resorbing cataract with intralenticular hemorrhage, lens induced uveitis, and PHTVL/PHPV were diagnosed. Extracapsular cataract extraction using phacoemulsification was performed. A primary posterior capsulectomy was performed to remove a retrolental plaque with the posterior capsule; the excised plaque was submitted for histopathology and immunohistochemical staining. A 41‐Diopter intraocular lens (IOL) was implanted. Functional vision was maintained postoperatively during the 21‐month follow‐up period. Histologically, the posterior capsule was coiled and exhibited duplication. The retrolental plaque was comprised of dense fibrous connective tissue, blood vessels, free red blood cells, hemosiderin‐laden macrophages, a pocket of neural tissue and numerous perivascular mast cells. With immunohistochemical staining, the neural elements were determined to be glial cells compatible with astrocytes. Cataract secondary to PHTVL/PHPV can be successfully treated using phacoemulsification and planned posterior capsulectomy. Posterior lens capsule duplication, mast cells and astrocytic glial cells may be normal components of the fibrovascular retrolental plaque associated with PHTVL/PHPV.
Adnexal surgery in dogs and cats
Authors: Van Der Woerdt Alexandra 
Published: August 2004

AbstractAbnormalities in eyelid position and function can lead to chronic irritation of cornea and conjunctiva. Corneal ulceration, vascularization and pigmentation are common consequences. Loss of vision, or loss of the globe may be the end result. The combination of ptosis and entropion of the upper eyelid is commonly seen in breeds with abundant forehead skin folds. Treatment options include surgical reduction of skin folds, suspending the brows, enforced secondary granulation of the upper eyelid, or a combination of procedures. Lid‐shortening procedures reduce corneal exposure, improve functional blinking and reduce likelihood of traumatic proptosis. Although a lateral canthoplasty is technically easier to perform, a medial canthoplasty is the preferred method of eyelid shortening. An involuted lateral canthus with entropion is seen in certain dog breeds with a broad skull base and redundant facial skin. Surgical correction is by either applying traction to the lateral canthus, or by resection of the lateral canthal ligament. A combination of entropion, ectropion and macroblepharon may result in the presence of diamond shaped eyelids. Surgical correction involves the combination of several procedures. Upper eyelid agenesis is a congenital absence of part of the upper eyelid in cats. Treatment options include a skin–orbicularis flap from the lower eyelid with a conjunctival pedical graft, the transposition of the lower eyelid to the upper eyelid, cross lid flap and subdermal plexus flap, and subdermal collagen injection. Several techniques for reconstruction of upper and lower eyelid defects are described.
Retrospective study of prophylactic random transscleral retinopexy in the Bichon Frise with cataract
Authors: Schmidt Gretchen M. , Vainisi Samuel J. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractThe objective of this study was to determine the efficacy of prophylactic random transscleral retinopexy (PRTR) in preventing rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) in the Bichon Frise with juvenile cataract. The medical records were reviewed from a private veterinary ophthalmology practice of nondiabetic Bichon Frise dogs younger than 11 years that had inherited cortical cataracts in one or both eyes and that had a follow‐up examination after at least 9 months. Eyes were included in the study if the fundus could be visualized by indirect ophthalmoscopy at the last examination either because of phacoemulsification or resorption of the cataract. Four groups of eyes were identified. In group 1, no PRTR was performed and there was resorption of the cataract; in group 2, eyes had no PRTR performed and phacoemulsification of the cataract. Group 3 had PRTR performed and resorption of the cataract. In group 4, PRTR was performed as was phacoemulsification of the cataract. In group 1, 20 eyes had resorbed cataracts, and 12 (60%) of these had RRD. In group 2, 18 eyes had phacoemusification of the cataract, and 10 (55%) of these had RRD. In group 3, 19 eyes had PRTR and resorbed cataracts, and 2 (10%) of them had RRD. In group 4, 39 eyes had PRTR and phacoemulsification of the cataract; of these 5 (12%) had RRD. The Bichon Frise dog with inherited cataract is at high risk of RRD. PRTR reduces this risk.
Entropion correction by fornix‐based suture placement: use of the Quickert–Rathbun technique in ten dogs
Authors: Williams David L. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractThe objective of this study was to evaluate fornix‐based suture placement as a method for entropion correction in the dog. Lower eyelid entropion with resultant trichiasis was corrected in 10 dogs using fornix‐based suture placement similar to that employed in the Quickert–Rathbun technique used in man. A double‐ended suture was placed originating at the deepest extent of the fornix and exiting the lid 1–2 mm from the eyelid margin. Degree of correction was assessed visually immediately after surgery and at re‐examination with a follow‐up period of up to 6 months. Fornix‐based suture placement led to immediate eversion of the eyelid in each case and thus amelioration of the trichiasis in all dogs. In two cases eyelid eversion initially appeared over‐corrected and in two cases exposure of conjunctival tissue was evident initially at the palpebral margin. In all cases, however, such complications were transient with long‐term results giving an acceptable apposition between ocular surface and eyelid margin in all adult dogs. In three juvenile dogs on which the technique was used, further surgical treatment was required as the puppies grew. Fornix‐based suture placement is a novel approach to entropion correction in the dog which yields acceptable results in the majority of suitable cases without recourse to incisional surgery.
Phaco chop technique for cataract surgery in the dog
Authors: Warren Christi 
Published: August 2004

AbstractPhaco chop is a bimanual phacoemulsification technique to remove cataracts. The technique was first presented at the 1993 3rd American–International Congress on Cataract, IOL, and Refractive Surgery in Seattle by Dr Kunihiro Nagahara. He compared the lens with a block of wood and by applying chopping forces parallel to the natural planes of the lens lamellae, as one does in splitting wood, a nucleus can be cleaved with surprisingly little force and time. Dr Nagahara used the phaco tip to impale and high vacuum to hold the nucleus while a second instrument, or chopper, hooked the equator and was pulled centrally, splitting the nucleus along its natural cleavage planes. This was a breakthrough for surgeons who had been utilizing several minutes of phaco energy sculpting grooves and bowls in a lens. Studies have shown that compared with four‐quadrant ‘divide and conquer’, the phaco chop technique uses less phaco time and energy, significantly reducing endothelial cell damage. Other advantages of phaco chop include reduction of zonular and capsular stress because forces are directed toward an opposing instrument and the phaco tip is kept in a central ‘safe zone’ in the middle of the pupil. This technique has also been successfully adapted to the canine phacoemulsification procedure. The larger canine lens requires some modifications, and lenses with hard nuclear and cortical material may not be amenable to this procedure.
Canine retinal surgery
Authors: Vainisi Samuel J. , Wolfer Joe C. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractRetinal detachment is common in dogs and presents major challenges for the veterinary ophthalmologist. This article reviews recent advances in both technology and technique that have greatly increased the success rate of retinal reattachment surgery. Internal and external techniques for the repair of retinal detachments are discussed, as is the etiopathogenesis of vitreoretinal disease in the dog.
Coronal rhytidectomy in conjunction with deep plane walking sutures, modified Hotz‐Celsus and lateral canthoplasty procedure in a dog with excessive brow droop
Authors: McCallum Patrick , Welser Jennifer 
Published: August 2004

AbstractThis case report describes a unique technique of rhytidectomy in a Bloodhound to repair excessive brow folding and droop complicating underlying entropion. This case posed specific challenges due to the loose fascial plane connective tissue. A large circular area of coronal skin was excised, followed by placement of deep plane walking fixation sutures for cosmetic realignment and to alleviate brow droop. In addition, a modified Hotz‐Celsus procedure and lateral canthoplasty were performed to address the primary entropion. The coronal rhytidectomy was considered a successful approach to repair excessive brow droop in this Bloodhound.
The use of porcine small intestinal submucosa for the repair of full‐thickness corneal defects in dogs, cats and horses
Authors: Bussieres Martin , Krohne Sheryl G. , Stiles Jean , Townsend Wendy M. 
Published: August 2004

Abstract Objective  To evaluate the efficacy of using a porcine small intestinal submucosa (SIS) graft covered by a conjunctival flap for the surgical repair of full‐thickness corneal wounds in dogs, cats and horses.Procedure  All records dating from August 1999 to February 2003 from Purdue University Veterinary Teaching Hospital of patients that had undergone ophthalmic surgical procedures and received a SIS corneal graft for a full‐thickness lesion were reviewed. Fifteen cases were identified including six dogs, two cats and seven horses. Requirements for inclusion in this study were that SIS was used as a corneal graft in a full‐thickness corneal defect and that the graft was completely covered with a conjunctival flap.Results  Of the 15 cases, one canine patient had received SIS following removal of an epibulbar melanocytoma. The remaining five canine patients had undergone this surgical procedure for the repair of corneal perforation. The two feline patients had been presented for corneal perforation following chronic ulceration. One equine patient had been presented for a deep melting ulcer, three for stromal corneal abscesses, and three for corneal perforations. Complications encountered postoperatively included aqueous leakage, conjunctival flap dehiscence, synechia, cataract and fibrin in the anterior chamber. Fourteen out of 15 patients were visual at the final re‐evaluation.Conclusion  SIS is an inexpensive, easy‐to‐handle biomaterial that appears to be suitable for the repair of full‐thickness corneal wounds in dogs, cats and horses. Results of our study support the conclusion that this relatively new product is an effective alternative to traditional implantation materials utilized in veterinary ophthalmology.
Immature cortical responses to auditory stimuli in specific language impairment: evidence from ERPs to rapid tone sequences
Authors: Bishop D.V.M. , McArthur G.M. 
Published: August 2004

Abstract Event‐related potentials (ERPs) to tone pairs and single tones were measured for 16 participants with specific language impairment (SLI) and 16 age‐matched controls aged from 10 to 19 years. The tone pairs were separated by an inter‐stimulus interval (ISI) of 20, 50 or 150 ms. The intraclass correlation (ICC) was computed for each participant between the ERP to a single tone and the ERP to the tone pair. A high ICC indicates that the brain response to a tone pair is similar to that for a single tone. ICCs were significantly higher at short than at long ISIs. At 50‐ms ISI, ICCs were higher for younger than older participants. Age and ISI interacted with SLI status: ERPs of older participants with SLI differed from age‐matched controls, and resembled ERPs of younger controls, consistent with a theory of immature auditory processing in SLI.
Infants’ attribution of a goal to a morphologically unfamiliar agent
Authors: Shimizu Y. Alpha , Johnson Susan C. 
Published: August 2004

Abstract How do infants identify the psychological actors in their environments? Three groups of 12‐month‐old infants were tested for their willingness to encode a simple approach behavior as goal‐directed as a function of whether it was performed by (1) a human hand, (2) a morphologically unfamiliar green object that interacted with a confederate and behaved intentionally, or (3) the same unfamiliar green object that behaved in a matched, but apparently random manner. Using a visual habituation technique, only infants in the first two conditions were found to encode the approach behavior as goal‐directed. Thus infants appear able to attribute goals to non‐human, even unfamiliar agents. These results imply that by the end of the first year of life infants have a broad notion of what counts as an agent that cannot easily be reduced to humans, objects that are perceptually similar to humans, or objects that display self‐propulsion.
The Thatcher illusion and face processing in infancy
Authors: Bertin Evelin , Bhatt Ramesh S. 
Published: August 2004

Abstract Adults readily detect changes in face patterns brought about by the inversion of eyes and mouth when the faces are viewed upright but not when they are viewed upside down. Research suggests that this illusion (the Thatcher illusion) is caused by the interfering effects of face inversion on the processing of second‐order relational information (fine spatial information such as the distance between the eyes). In the current study, 6‐month‐olds discriminated ‘thatcherized’ faces when they were viewed upright but not when they were viewed upside down. These results are consistent with the notion that 6‐month‐olds are sensitive to second‐order relational information while processing faces.
Imitation in neonatal chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)
Authors: Myowa‐Yamakoshi Masako , Tomonaga Masaki , Tanaka Masayuki , Matsuzawa Tetsuro 
Published: August 2004

AbstractThis paper provides evidence for imitative abilities in neonatal chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), our closest relatives. Two chimpanzees were reared from birth by their biological mothers. At less than 7 days of age the chimpanzees could discriminate between, and imitate, human facial gestures (tongue protrusion and mouth opening). By the time they were 2 months old, however, the chimpanzees no longer imitated the gestures. They began to perform mouth opening frequently in response to any of the three facial gestures presented to them. These findings suggest that neonatal facial imitation is most likely an innate ability, developed through natural selection in humans and in chimpanzees. The relationship between the disappearance of neonatal imitation and the development of social communicative behavior is discussed from an evolutionary perspective.
The pre‐eminent Pre‐Raphaelite: Revisiting Rossetti
Authors: Cruise Colin 
Published: August 2004

Books reviewed:William E. Fredeman (ed.), The Correspondence of Dante Gabriel Rossetti: The Formative Years, 1835–54 [Vol. I] Pre‐Raphaelite and other Masters: The Andrew Lloyd Webber Collection Julian Treuherz et al., Dante Gabriel RossettiTim Barringer, Reading the Pre‐RaphaelitesJulie F. Codell, The Victorian Artist: Artists' Lifewritings in Britain ca. 1870–1910Angela Thirlwell, William and Lucy: The Other Rossettis
VOTS: VOlume doTS as a Point‐Based Representation of Volumetric Data
Authors: Grimm Sören , Bruckner Stefan , Kanitsar Armin , Gröller Eduard 
Published: August 2004

Abstract We present Volume dots (Vots), a new primitive for volumetric data modelling, processing, and rendering. Vots are a point‐based representation of volumetric data. An individual Vot is specified by the coefficients of a Taylor series expansion, i.e. the function value and higher order derivatives at a specific point. A Vot does not only represent a single sample point, it represents the underlying function within a region. With the Vots representation we have a more intuitive and high‐level description of the volume data. This allows direct analytical examination and manipulation of volumetric datasets. Vots enable the representation of the underlying scalar function with specified precision. User‐centric importance sampling is also possible, i.e., unimportant volume parts are still present but represented with just very few Vots. As proof of concept, we show Maximum Intensity Projection based on Vots. Categories and Subject Descriptors (according to ACM CCS): I.3.6 [Computer Graphics]: Graphics Data Structures and Data Types
Immersive Integration of Physical and Virtual Environments
Authors: Fuchs Henry 
Published: August 2004

Abstract We envision future work and play environments in which the user's computing interface is more closely integrated with the physical surroundings than today's conventional computer display screens and keyboards.We are working toward realizable versions of such environments, in which multiple video projectors and digital cameras enable every visible surface to be both measured in 3D and used for display. If the 3D surface positions were transmitted to a distant location, they may also enable distant collaborations to become more like working in adjacent offices connected by large windows. With collaborators at the University of Pennsylvania, Brown University, Advanced Network and Services, and the Pittsburgh Supercomputing Center, we at Chapel Hill have been working to bring these ideas to reality. In one system, depth maps are calculated from streams of video images and the resulting 3D surface points are displayed to the user in head‐tracked stereo. Among the applications we are pursuing for this tele‐presence technology, is advanced training for trauma surgeons by immersive replay of recorded procedures. Other applications display onto physical objects, to allow more natural interaction with them ``painting'' a dollhouse, for example. More generally, we hope to demonstrate that the principal interface of a future computing environment need not be limited to a screen the size of one or two sheets of paper. Just as a useful physical environment is all around us, so too can the increasingly ubiquitous computing environment be all around us ‐integrated seamlessly with our physical surroundings.