bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The management of necrosis-associated and idiopathic bone-marrow oedema of the proximal femur by intravenous iloprost
Authors: Disch A. C. , Matziolis G. , Perka C. 
Published: March 2005

Bone-marrow oedema can occur both in isolation and in association with necrosis of bone, but it has not been shown whether each respond to the same methods of treatment.We treated 16 patients with isolated oedema and 17, in which it was associated with necrosis of the proximal femur, with the prostacyclin derivative iloprost, which has been shown to be effective in the idiopathic form. The Harris hip score, the range of movement, the extent of the oedema as measured by MRI, pain on a visual analogue scale and patient satisfaction were recorded before and subsequent to treatment.In both groups, we were able to show a significant improvement (p < 0.001) in these observations during the period of follow-up indicating that iloprost will produce clinical improvement in both circumstances.
Glove perforation and contamination in primary total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Al-Maiyah M. , Bajwa A. , Finn P. , Mackenney P. , Hill D. , Port A. , Gregg P. J. 
Published: March 2005

We conducted a randomised, controlled trial to determine whether changing gloves at specified intervals can reduce the incidence of glove perforation and contamination in total hip arthroplasty. A total of 50 patients were included in the study. In the study group (25 patients), gloves were changed at 20-minute intervals or prior to cementation. In the control group (25 patients), gloves were changed prior to cementation. In addition, gloves were changed in both groups whenever there was a visible puncture. Only outer gloves were investigated.Contamination was tested by impression of gloved fingers on blood agar and culture plates were subsequently incubated at 37°C for 48 hours. The number of colonies and types of organisms were recorded. Glove perforation was assessed using the water test. The incidence of perforation and contamination was significantly lower in the study group compared with the control group. Changing gloves at regular intervals is an effective way to decrease the incidence of glove perforation and bacterial contamination during total hip arthroplasty.
Internal fixation versus hemiarthroplasty for displaced fractures of the femoral neck in elderly patients with severe cognitive impairment
Authors: Blomfeldt R. , Törnkvist H. , Ponzer S. , Söderqvist A. , Tidermark J. 
Published: March 2005

We studied 60 patients with an acute displaced fracture of the femoral neck and with a mean age of 84 years. They were randomly allocated to treatment by either internal fixation with cannulated screws or hemiarthroplasty using an uncemented Austin Moore prosthesis. All patients had severe cognitive impairment, but all were able to walk independently before the fracture. They were reviewed at four, 12 and 24 months after surgery. Outcome assessments included complications, revision surgery, the status of activities of daily living (ADL), hip function according to the Charnley score and the health-related quality of life (HRQOL) according to the Euroqol (EQ-5D) (proxy report). General complications and the rate of mortality at two years (42%) did not differ between the groups. The rate of hip complications was 30% in the internal fixation group and 23% in the hemiarthroplasty group; this was not significant. There was a trend towards an increased number of re-operated patients in the internal fixation group compared with the hemiarthroplasty group, 33% and 13%, respectively (p = 0.067), but the total number of surgical procedures which were required did not differ between the groups. Of the survivors at two years, 54% were totally dependent in ADL functions and 60% were bedridden or wheelchair-bound regardless of the surgical procedure. There was a trend towards decreased mobility in the hemiarthroplasty group (p = 0.066). All patients had a very low HRQOL even before the fracture. The EQ-5Dindex score was significantly worse in the hemiarthroplasty group compared with the internal fixation group at the final follow-up (p < 0.001). In our opinion, there is little to recommend hemiarthroplasty with an uncemented Austin Moore prosthesis compared with internal fixation, in patients with severe cognitive dysfunction.
Ultrasound-guided needling combined with shock-wave therapy for the treatment of calcifying tendonitis of the shoulder
Authors: Krasny C. , Enenkel M. , Aigner N. , Wlk M. , Landsiedl F. 
Published: March 2005

We carried out a prospective, randomised controlled trial on two groups of 40 patients with painful calcific tendonitis and a mean age of 48.4 years (32.5 to 67.3). All were to undergo arthroscopic removal of the calcific deposit within six months after randomisation. The 40 patients in group I received ultrasound-guided needling followed by high-energy shock-wave therapy and the 40 in group II had shock-wave therapy alone. In both groups one treatment consisting of 2500 impulses of shock waves with an energy flux density of 0.36 mJ/mm2was applied. The clinical and radiological outcome was assessed using the 100-point Constant shoulder scoring system and standardised radiographs. The mean follow-up was 4.1 months and no patient was lost to follow-up.Both groups had significant improvement in their Constant shoulder score. Radiographs showed disappearance of the calcific deposit in 60.0% of the shoulders in group I and in 32.5% of group II (p < 0.05). Significantly better clinical and radiological results were obtained in group I than in group II. Arthroscopic removal of the deposit was avoided in 32 patients of group I and in 22 of group II. No severe side-effects were recorded.Ultrasound-guided needling in combination with high-energy shock-wave therapy is more effective than shock-wave therapy alone in patients with symptomatic calcific tendonitis, giving significantly higher rates of elimination of the calcium deposits, better clinical results and reduction in the need for surgery.
The Elite Plus total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Walton N. P. , Darrah C. , Shepstone L. , Donell S. T. , Phillips H. 
Published: March 2005

We prospectively studied 217 patients who underwent 234 Elite Plus total hip arthroplasties. At a mean of 6.4 (SD 0.7) years post-operatively, 39 patients had died and 22 were either lost to follow-up or had no radiographs available. Clinical (Oxford hip score) and radiological assessments were performed on 156 patients (168 hip arthroplasties) who had a mean age of 67.7 (SD 9.7) years at operation. In the assessed group, 26 of 159 (16.4%) of femoral stems which had not already been revised and 19 of 159 (11.9%) of acetabular cups were definitely loose. In total, 52 of 168 (31%) of hips had either been revised or had definite evidence of loosening of a component. We could not establish any relationship between clinical and radiological outcomes. Despite the fact that the clinical outcome and rate of revision for the Elite Plus appeared to meet international standards, our findings give us cause for concern. We believe that joint registries should include radiological surveillance in order to provide reliable information about medium-term outcomes for hip prostheses.
Phase II Trial of Oral Rubitecan in Previously Treated Pancreatic Cancer Patients
Authors: Burris Howard A. , Rivkin Saul , Reynolds Robert , Harris Jules , Wax Arnold , Gerstein Hal , Mettinger Karl L. , Staddon Arthur 
Published: March 2005

Abstract

Learning Objectives
After completing this course, the reader will be able to: Describe the current standard of care for the treatment of advanced pancreatic cancer.State the rationale for treating refractory, advanced pancreatic cancer with the novel oral topoisomerase-I inhibitor rubitecan.Describe how the phase II trial results of oral rubitecan in pretreated, advanced pancreatic cancer compare with those from prior trials of rubitecan and gemcitabine in advanced pancreatic cancer.
Access and take the CME test online and receive 1 hour of AMA PRA category 1 credit at CME.TheOncologist.com
Background. Additional systemic treatments for locally advanced or metastatic pancreatic cancer are needed, as current treatment options produce only modest survival benefits. Rubitecan (Orathecin™; Supergen Inc., Dublin, CA, http://www.supergen.com) is an orally active camptothecin derivative with demonstrated responses in patients with pancreatic cancer in early clinical trials. This phase II, open-label trial was developed to assess the safety and efficacy of rubitecan in patients with locally advanced or metastatic pancreatic cancer refractory to conventional chemotherapy.
Methods. Fifty-eight patients with failed or relapsed advanced pancreatic cancer after receiving at least one prior chemotherapy regimen were enrolled to receive eight consecutive weeks of treatment with rubitecan at a dose of 1.5 mg/m2 orally on five consecutive days per week, followed by 2 days off therapy, repeatedly. The primary end point was response rate. Time to progression, overall survival, changes in CA19-9 levels, and the composite measure of clinical benefit response were evaluated as secondary end points.
Results. Among 43 patients with measurable disease, 7% (3/43) achieved partial responses and 16% (7/43) had disease stabilization for an overall response and disease stabilization rate of 23%. All responses were confirmed by independent radiology review. Median survival was longer in responding patients than in the overall study cohort (10 months versus 3 months). Gastrointestinal and hematologic toxicities were the most commonly reported adverse events.
Conclusion. Oral rubitecan produced responses and was well tolerated by heavily pretreated patients with refractory pancreatic cancer. The overall risk-benefit profile of oral rubitecan appears promising, supporting further evaluation in phase III trials in patients with refractory and chemotherapy-naïve pancreatic cancer.
Solid‐Phase Immunoassays
Authors: Lynes Michael A. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractSolid‐phase quantitative immunoassays are some of the most commonly used diagnostic tests for both soluble antigen composition and the assessment of cellular functions. These immunoassays (e.g., ELISA, ELISPOT) provide a highly sensitive means to measure the presence of antigen in defined and homogeneous samples such as purified proteins in buffer, as well as in undefined heterogenous biological samples such as cell lysates, tissue culture supernatants, blood, and other clinical samples. The sensitivity of these assays can enable (under optimal conditions) detection of protein concentrations in the picogram range. A recent modification of the basic ELISA immunoassay takes advantage of the phenomenon of grating‐coupled surface plasmon resonance (GCSPR) to provide a label‐free real‐time variant of this solid‐phase immunoassay. Using GCSPR, similar assessments of antigen‐antibody interactions can be done with smaller sample sizes and in a microarray format that enables the simultaneous measurement of large numbers of antibody/antigen interactions on the same sensor chip. These measurements allow for a highly refined and sensitive determination of the effects that toxins can have on biological systems, and they can be applied to a variety of immune and non‐immune protein, cell, and tissue evaluations.
The Colorimetric Detection and Quantitation of Total Protein
Authors: Krohn Randall I. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractProtein quantification is an important step for handling protein samples for isolation and characterization; it is a prerequisite step before submitting proteins for chromatographic, electrophoretic, or immunochemical analysis and separation. Colorimetric methods are fast, simple, and not laborious. This unit describes a number of assays able to detect protein concentrations in the low microgram to milligram per milliliter ranges in a variety of formats.
In Vitro Models of Human T Cell Anergy
Authors: Appleman Leonard J. , Boussiotis Vassiliki 
Published: March 2005

AbstractT cell anergy (acquired unresponsiveness) is an important mechanism for tolerance of self antigens. Human helper T cell clones rendered anergic in vitro are valuable tools for studying the molecular mechanisms of T cell tolerance. This unit outlines the induction and assessment of anergy in human CD4+ helper T cell clones that are reactive against MHC class II alloantigens.
Identification of Human Tumor Antigens by Serological Analysis of Recombinant cDNA Expression Libraries (SEREX)
Authors: Scanlan Matthew J. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThe structural definition of human tumor antigens recognized by the autologous host has been a long‐standing challenge in tumor immunology. The growing list of human tumor antigens recognized by autologous antibodies or cytotoxic T lymphocytes provides convincing evidence for immune recognition of cancer by the host of origin, as well as attractive targets for vaccine‐based approaches to cancer therapy. In this regard, an approach called SEREX (serological analysis of recombinant cDNA expression libraries) has broad applicability to the analysis of the humoral immune response to cancer antigens. This method involves immunoscreening cDNA libraries prepared from tumor specimens with sera from cancer patients in order to identify gene products recognized by IgG antibody. Clones identified by SEREX can be directly sequenced, providing immediate structural definition of the antigenic target, and their expression profiles can be readily determined, providing information regarding their tissue distribution. Application of this technique has led to the discovery of a number of provocative tumor antigens.
Barth syndrome: TAZ gene mutations, mRNAs, and evolution
Authors: Gonzalez Iris L. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractBarth syndrome (MIM 302060) is an X‐linked condition that includes dilated cardiomyopathy, neutropenia, failure to thrive, abnormal mitochondria, and 3‐methylglutaconic aciduria. The mutated gene, TAZ, first described in 1996, appeared to produce a large set of alternatively spliced mRNAs with initiations of transcription upstream of exons 1 and 3. Since then, disease‐causing mutations have been found in all exons including, most recently, a missense mutation in the controversial exon 5. Because of the initially described second initiation of transcription in intron 2, with in‐frame initiation of translation in exon 3, we hypothesized that subjects with mutations in exons 1 and 2 would produce more normal “short product” that might attenuate their phenotype. Moreover, it was of interest to determine which splice variants were potentially functional as exon 5 is not present in yeast and rodents, and the variant lacking this exon is the most abundant. Using RT‐PCR, we characterized TAZ mRNAs in cultured lymphocytes from nine subjects with Barth syndrome and two healthy controls. The TAZ genes and mRNAs of primates were also included. We found the following: (1) there is only one site for initiation of transcription, and the normal alternatively spliced assortment is limited to full‐length, Δ5, Δ7, Δ5Δ7; (2) there are two alternative splice sites within introns 1 and 2 that could potentially produce an in‐frame product; (3) exon 5 evolved into “exonhood” in the primate lineage after the split between Old World monkeys and hominoid primates; and (4) our results suggest that only two functional protein variants exist in lymphocytes: Δ5 and full‐length. Although exon 5 does not appear to be required for TAZ function in yeast and monkeys, its evolution to a highly conserved spliced exon in hominoid primates and the recent finding of an exon 5 mutation in a patient with Barth syndrome suggest that the full‐length variant is important to TAZ function. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Creatine metabolism in combined methylmalonic aciduria and homocystinuria
Authors: Bodamer Olaf A. , Sahoo Trilochan , Beaudet Arthur L. , O'Brien William E. , Bottiglieri Teodoro , Stöckler‐Ipsiroglu Sylvia , Wagner Conrad , Scaglia Fernando 
Published: March 2005

AbstractMethylation is an important aspect of many fundamental biological processes including creatine biosynthesis. We studied five patients with an inborn error of cobalamin metabolism to characterize the relation between homocysteine and creatine metabolism. Plasma guanidinoacetate concentrations were increased, 14.9 ± 4.8μmol/L (p < 0.0001), whereas plasma creatine concentrations were in the low reference range, 43.8 ± 20.7μmol/L (p = not significant). Individuals with combined methylmalonic aciduria and homocystinuria have a functional impairment of the creatine synthetic pathway probably secondary to a relative depletion of labile methyl groups. The neurotoxic effects of guanidinoacetate may be partly responsible for the observed neurological phenotype. Ann Neurol 2005;57:557–560
Nogo expression in muscle correlates with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis severity
Authors: Jokic Natasa , Gonzalez de Aguilar Jose‐Luis , Pradat Pierre‐François , Dupuis Luc , Echaniz‐Laguna Andoni , Muller André , Dubourg Odile , Seilhean Danielle , Hauw Jean‐Jacques , Loeffler Jean‐Philippe , Meininger Vincent 
Published: March 2005

AbstractNogo, a protein inhibiting axonal regeneration, exhibits a characteristic isoform‐specific pattern of expression in skeletal muscle of transgenic mice and patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Here, the increased levels of Nogo‐A or Nogo‐B in muscle biopsies of 15 amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients significantly correlated with the severity of clinical disability and with the degree of muscle fiber atrophy. Nogo‐A immunoreactivity was observed selectively in atrophic slow‐twitch type I fibers. These results suggest that Nogo expression in muscle is a marker of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis severity. Ann Neurol 2005;57:553–556
Metabolic penumbra of acute brain infarction: A correlation with infarct growth
Authors: Shimosegawa Eku , Hatazawa Jun , Ibaraki Masanobu , Toyoshima Hideto , Suzuki Akifumi 
Published: March 2005

AbstractVolume expansion associated with brain infarction occurs in perfusion–diffusion mismatch of magnetic resonance imaging. We aimed at elucidating the metabolic impairment of this phenomenon with 15O positron emission tomography and perfusion and diffusion magnetic resonance imaging. Eleven patients with acute unilateral embolic occlusion of the internal carotid or middle cerebral artery were studied within 6 hours of onset. Regional cerebral blood flow and cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO2) were compared with those in the contralateral cerebral hemisphere. The relative apparent diffusion coefficient of water was estimated as a marker of cytotoxic edema. Relative cerebral blood flow and relative CMRO2 in an evolving infarct (normal diffusion initially, but abnormal on day 3) were significantly (p < 0.05) less than those in the periinfarct area (normal diffusion initially and on day 3). The relative apparent diffusion coefficient between the evolving infarct and periinfarct showed no significant difference. These findings indicated that the initial 3‐day volume expansion of an embolic brain infarction was associated with disturbed CMRD2 but not with cytotoxic edema as early as 6 hours after onset. The “metabolic penumbra” defined as normal water diffusion with depressed CMRO2 is a target to reduce the volume expansion of brain infarction. Ann Neurol 2005;57:495–504
Stereocontrol in Alkyne Cyclocarbonylation Reactions Promoted by a Bioxazoline Palladium(ii) Complex
Authors: Carfagna Carla , Gatti Giuseppe , Mosca Luca , Paoli Paola , Guerri Annalisa 
Published: March 2005

AbstractInsertion of 1,2‐disubstituted alkynes into [Pd(CH3)(CO)(BIOX)]+[B{3,5‐(CF3)2C6H3}4]− (1), where BIOX=(4S,4′S)‐(−)‐4,4′,5,5′‐tetrahydro‐4,4′‐bis(1‐methylethyl)‐2,2′‐bioxazole, leads to the formation of five‐membered palladacycles, which, by reaction with carbon monoxide, produce a mixture of two diastereomeric forms of a palladium complex containing an η3‐allylic γ‐lactone ligand. On leaving the mixture in solution, one isomer was converted into the other, reaching a diastereomeric excess of up to 94 %. The steric and electronic factors responsible for the epimerization process were investigated by theoretical methods. Cleavage of the η3‐allylpalladium bond by nucleophiles allowed highly substituted chiral butenolides to be synthesized in good enantiomeric excess.
From a Monomer to a Protein‐Sized, Doughnut‐Shaped Coordination Oligomer—The Influence of Side Chains of C3‐Symmetric Ligands in Supramolecular Chemistry
Authors: Müller Iris M. , Möller Daniela , Föcker Kirsten 
Published: March 2005

AbstractHerein we describe the importance of side chains in C3‐symmetric ligands in supramolecular chemistry. The reaction of the new ligand tris(5‐bromo‐2‐methoxybenzylidene)triaminoguanidinium chloride [H3Me3Br3L]Cl (1) with ZnCl2 results in the formation of the monomeric complex (Et3NH)2[(ZnCl2)3Me3Br3L] (2), in which the ligand remains in a conformation less favourable for the coordination of metal centres. The use of the related tris(5‐bromo‐2‐hydroxybenzylidene)triaminoguanidinium chloride, [H6Br3L]Cl, under similar conditions, results in the formation of two different dimeric compounds (NH4)[{[Zn(NH3)]3Br3L}2{μ‐(OH)}3]⋅1/4MeOH (3) and [Zn{Zn2(OH2)3(NH3)Br3L}2] (4), depending on the solvent mixture used. The comparable reaction of the ligand tris(5‐bromo‐2‐hydroxy‐3‐methoxybenzylidene)triaminoguanidinium chloride [H6(OMe)3Br3L]Cl (5), leads to the formation of a doughnut‐shaped, protein‐sized coordination oligomer (Et3NH)18[{Zn[Zn2Cl{(OMe)3Br3L}]2}6(μ‐Cl)6(OH2)6]⋅x CH3CN (6), which comprises six dimeric [Zn5{(OMe)3Br3L}2] units. Whereas 3 and 4 decompose in DMSO solution, 6 is surprisingly stable in the same solvent.
Facile Catalyzed Acylation of Alcohols, Phenols, Amines and Thiols Based on ZrOCl2×8H2O and Acetyl Chloride in Solution and in Solvent‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Ghosh Rina , Maiti Swarupananda , Chakraborty Arijit 
Published: March 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
The Efficient Synthesis of Alkoxy‐esters from Hydroxy Carboxylic Acids Using Dimsyllithium in Dimethylsulfoxide Followed by Alkylation with an Alkyl Halide.
Authors: Page Philip C. Bulman , Chan Yohan , Heaney Harry , McGrath Matthew J. , Moreno Eduardo 
Published: March 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Bidentate Amidine Ligands for Nickel(0)‐Mediated Coupling of Carbon Dioxide with Unsaturated Hydrocarbons.
Authors: Aoki Masao , Kaneko Motomu , Izumi Sawa , Ukai Kazutoshi , Iwasawa Nobuharu 
Published: March 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Improved Synthesis of 2,3‐Dibromo‐1‐(phenylsulfonyl)‐1‐propene (DBP).
Authors: VanZanten Aaron , Mullaugh Katherine , Harrigton Ryan , Kiefer Adam , Carlson David , Mastarone Dan , Lipchik Corey , Murphree S. Shaun 
Published: March 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Potential Plant Growth Regulators: Synthesis and Activity of New Substituted N‐(2‐benzoyl‐4‐chlorophenyl)benzamides and N‐[4‐Chloro‐2‐(α,α‐hydroxyphenylmethyl)phenyl]benzamides.
Authors: Hatim Jaywant Govind , Joshi Vidya 
Published: March 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A Facile Approach to Fluorinated Tetra‐Substituted Alkenes via Bis‐Suzuki Coupling Reaction of 2‐Trifluoromethyl‐1,1‐dibromoalkenes.
Authors: Li You‐Hua , Zhao Xiao‐Ming , Lu Long 
Published: March 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Concerning the Efficient Conversion of Epoxy Alcohols into Epoxy Ketones Using Dioxiranes.
Authors: D'Accolti Lucia , Fusco Caterina , Annese Cosimo , Rella Maria R. , Turteltaub Joanna S. , Williard Paul G. , Curci Ruggero 
Published: March 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Design, Synthesis and anti‐Microbial Activity of 1H‐Pyrazole Carboxylates.
Authors: Sridhar Radhakrishnan , Perumal Paramasivam T. , Etti Sundaresan , Shanmugam Guruswamy , Ponnuswamy Mondikalipudur N. , Prabavathy Vaiyapuri R. , Mathivanan Narayanasamy 
Published: March 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.