bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Energy‐level alignment at metal–organic and organic–organic interfaces
Authors: Veenstra S. C. , Jonkman H. T. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractThis article reports on the electronic structure at interfaces found in organic semiconductor devices. The studied organic materials are C60 and poly (para‐phenylenevinylene) (PPV)‐like oligomers, and the metals are polycrystalline Au and Ag. To measure the energy levels at these interfaces, ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy has been used. It is shown how the energy levels at interfaces deviate from the bulk. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that the vacuum levels do not align at the studied interfaces. The misalignment is caused by an electric field at the interface. Several effects are presented that influence the energy alignment at interfaces, such as screening effects, dipole layer formation, charge transfer, and chemical interaction. The combination of interfaces investigated here is similar to interfaces found in polymer light‐emitting diodes and organic bulk heterojunction photovoltaic devices. The result, the misalignment of the vacuum levels, is expected to influence charge‐transfer processes across these interfaces, possibly affecting the electrical characteristics of organic semiconductor devices that contain similar interfaces. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 41: 2549–2560, 2003
Where the rubber meets the road: The importance of implementation
Authors: Barch Deanna M. , Braver Todd S. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractPhillips & Silverstein argue that a range of cognitive disturbances in schizophrenia result from a deficit in cognitive coordination attributable to NMDA receptor dysfunction. We suggest that the viability of this hypothesis would be further supported by explicit implementation in a computational framework that can produce quantitative estimates of the behavior of both healthy individuals and individuals with schizophrenia.
Synchronous dynamics for cognitive coordination: But how?
Authors: Tagamets M.-A. , Horwitz Barry 
Published: October 2003

AbstractAlthough interesting, the hypotheses proposed by Phillips & Silverstein lack unifying structure both in specific mechanisms and in cited evidence. They provide little to support the notion that low-level sensory processing and high-level cognitive coordination share dynamic grouping by synchrony as a common processing mechanism. We suggest that more realistic large-scale modeling at multiple levels is needed to address these issues.
Retrospective Case Series of Cocaine-Associated Plasma Cell Orificial Mucositis
Authors: Viedma-Martinez Myriam , Gallo-Pineda Gonzalo , Recio-Monescillo Miguel , Jimenez-Gallo David , Lopez-Sanz Pablo , Drake-Monfort Marta , Urigoitia-Ugalde Peru , Martínez-Signes Vicenta , Llorca-Juan David , Fuertes-Vega Laura , Ríos-Viñuela Elisa , Escario-Travesedo Eduardo , Ríos-Martín Juan José , Requena-Caballero Luis , Linares-Barrios Mario 
Published: January 2024

ImportancePlasma cell orificial mucositis (PCOM) associated with cocaine use is an emerging, rare condition that has become a concern in Spain in recent years. Limited knowledge exists regarding this novel condition.ObjectivesTo delineate the clinicopathologic characteristics of this emerging entity and establish a novel approach in the differential diagnosis of cocaine-associated lesions.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsA descriptive, retrospective, multicenter case series of 10 patients diagnosed with cocaine-associated PCOM was conducted in Spain from April 2020 to March 2023.Main Outcomes and MeasuresPatient demographic, clinical, histopathologic, and treatment data were collected.ResultsA total of 10 patients (6 [60%] male; median [range] age, 45.5 [36-66] years) presenting with exudative ulcerated plaques were identified for this study. The lesions had raised and erythematous edges over the nostril and a median (range) evolution time of 9 (2-24) months. Septal or palate perforations were observed in 4 (40%) of the patients. Biopsies revealed a dense inflammatory infiltrate of plasma cells in the dermis without atypia and with eosinophils. All patients reported recent cocaine use. Three urine tests detected cocaine but found no presence of amphetamines or opiates. Six patients improved with corticosteroid therapy. Up to 60% of patients were lost to follow-up.Conclusions and RelevanceThis case series describes the clinicopathologic characteristics of PCOM, an emerging entity associated with cocaine use in Spain, and demonstrates a novel approach in the differential diagnosis of cocaine-associated lesions. To date, cocaine-associated skin lesions have been reported as neutrophilic dermatoses and vasculitis. The appearance of a plasma cell infiltrate changes what has been described in the medical literature so far. PCOM is a benign condition of unknown cause characterized by a proliferative polyclonal plasma cell infiltrate. A comprehensive differential diagnosis workup is required to reach this exclusionary diagnosis. Several irritants have been documented in cases of PCOM, and a hypersensitivity mechanism has been proposed. Since the initial report of cocaine-associated PCOM in Spain, its incidence has experienced a surge in the country. The cause of this phenomenon may be attributed to newly unidentified adulterants. The administration of corticosteroids and discontinuation of cocaine use are the sole treatments that have demonstrated efficacy. Clinicians should be vigilant regarding this emerging condition and conduct inquiries into cocaine use. Additional research is required to clarify the pathophysiology of this emerging condition.
Fracture Risk Among Living Kidney Donors 25 Years After Donation
Authors: Maradit Kremers Hilal , Grossardt Brandon R. , Miller Adam R. , Kasiske Bertram L. , Matas Arthur J. , Khosla Sundeep , Kremers Walter K. , Amer Hatem , Kumar Rajiv 
Published: January 2024

ImportanceLiving kidney donors may have an increased risk of fractures due to reductions in kidney mass, lower concentrations of serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, and secondary increases in serum parathyroid hormone.ObjectiveTo compare the overall and site-specific risk of fractures among living kidney donors with strictly matched controls from the general population who would have been eligible to donate a kidney but did not do so.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis survey study was conducted between December 1, 2021, and July 31, 2023. A total of 5065 living kidney donors from 3 large transplant centers in Minnesota were invited to complete a survey about their bone health and history of fractures, and 16 156 population-based nondonor controls without a history of comorbidities that would have precluded kidney donation were identified from the Rochester Epidemiology Project and completed the same survey. A total of 2132 living kidney donors and 2014 nondonor controls responded to the survey. Statistical analyses were performed from May to August 2023.ExposureLiving kidney donation.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe rates of overall and site-specific fractures were compared between living kidney donors and controls using standardized incidence ratios (SIRs).ResultsAt the time of survey, the 2132 living kidney donors had a mean (SD) age of 67.1 (8.9) years and included 1245 women (58.4%), and the 2014 controls had a mean (SD) age of 68.6 (7.9) years and included 1140 women (56.6%). The mean (SD) time between donation or index date and survey date was 24.2 (10.4) years for donors and 27.6 (10.7) years for controls. The overall rate of fractures among living kidney donors was significantly lower than among controls (SIR, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.81-0.97). However, there were significantly more vertebral fractures among living kidney donors than among controls (SIR, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.05-1.83).Conclusions and RelevanceThis survey study found a reduced rate of overall fractures but an excess of vertebral fractures among living kidney donors compared with controls after a mean follow-up of 25 years. Treatment of excess vertebral fractures with dietary supplements such as vitamin D3 may reduce the numbers of vertebral fractures and patient morbidity.
Enhanced Air Stability and Li Metal Compatibility of Li‐Argyrodite Electrolytes Triggered by In2O3 Co‐Doping for All‐Solid‐State Li Metal Batteries
Authors: Wang Chengdeng , Hao Jiamao , Wu Jun , Shi Haofeng , Fan Liubing , Wang Jiashuai , Wang Zhaokun , Wang Zhi , Yang Lu , Gao Yan , Yan Xiaoqin , Gu Yousong 
Published: January 2024

AbstractSulfide solid electrolytes (SSEs) have become an ideal candidate material for all‐solid‐state Li metal batteries (ASSLMBs) because of their high ionic conductivity. However, the vile Li incompatibility and poor air stability of SSEs barriers their commercial application. Herein, novel Li6+2xP1−xInxS5−1.5xO1.5xCl (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.1) SSEs are synthesized via In and O co‐doped Li6PS5Cl. By regulating the substitution concentration, the prepared Li6.12P0.92In0.08S4.88O0.12Cl exhibits considerable ionic conductivity (2.67 × 10−3 S cm−1) and enhanced air stability. Based on the first‐principles density functional theory (DFT) calculation, it is predicted that In3+ replaces P5+ to form InS45− tetrahedron and O2− replaces S2− to form PS3O4− group. The mechanism of enhancing air stability by In, O co‐substituting Li6PS5Cl is clarified. More remarkably, the formation of Li‐In alloys induced by Li6.16P0.92In0.08S4.88O0.12Cl electrolyte at the anode interface is beneficial to reducing the migration barrier of Li‐ions, promoting their remote migration, and enhancing the stability of the Li/SSEs interface. The optimized electrolyte shows superior critical current density (1.4 mA cm−2) and satisfactory Li dendrite inhibition (stable cycle at 0.1 mA cm−2 over 3000 h). The ASSLMBs with Li6.16P0.92In0.08S4.88O0.12Cl electrolyte reveal considerable cycle stability. This work emphasizes In, O co‐doping to address redox issues of sulfide electrolytes.
Ultra‐Low 4.3 wt% Silicon Thermal Reducing Doped Porous Si@MoC as Highly Capable and Stable Li‐Ion Battery Anode
Authors: Chen Zhuo , Lu Xing , Zhang Yanan , Kang Yifan , Jin Xilang , Zhang Xingxing , Li Yali , Wang Hong , Huang Wenhuan 
Published: January 2024

AbstractSilicon is a promising anode material in lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) for its ultra‐high theoretical capacity; however, its large volume expansion and low electrical conductivity trigger capacity degradation and poor stability. Herein, an ultra‐low 4.3 wt% Si‐doped porous MoC (p‐Si@MoC) is constructed by a facile thermal reduction on a core‐shelled precursor of ZnMo‐hybrid zeolitic imidazole framework (HZIF‐ZnMo) coated by tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS), delivering a high capacity and superior cycling stability (976.6 mAh g−1 after 250 cycles at 0.2 A g−1) in LIBs. The homogeneous distribution in the porous MoC matrix contributes to its maximum capacity utilization. Meanwhile, the porous substrate enhances Li ion transport kinetics and reduced the volume expansion of Si. The excellent electronic conductivity of p‐Si@MoC is revealed by the density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The Mo─Si bonds formed by Si‐doped in the MoC matrix are verified by X‐ray absorption near‐edge structure (XANES) and extended X‐ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS). Moreover, the in situ X‐ray diffraction (in situ XRD) reveals the lithium storage mechanism. This work presents an excellent structural design and synthesis strategy for high‐performance silicon‐based anode materials.
Effect of Donor Age and Liver Steatosis on Potential of Decellularized Liver Matrices to be used as a Platform for iPSC‐Hepatocyte Culture
Authors: Acun Aylin , Fan Letao , Oganesyan Ruben , Uygun Korkut M. , Yeh Heidi , Yarmush Martin L. , Uygun Basak E. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractDecellularization of discarded whole livers and their recellularization with patient‐specific induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) to develop a functional organ is a promising approach to increasing the donor pool. The effect of extracellular matrix (ECM) of marginal livers on iPSC‐hepatocyte differentiation and function has not been shown. To test the effect of donor liver ECM age and steatosis, young and old, as well as no, low, and high steatosis livers, are decellularized. All livers are decellularized successfully. High steatosis livers have fat remaining on the ECM after decellularization. Old donor liver ECM induces lower marker expression in early differentiation stages, compared to young liver ECM, while this difference is closed at later stages and do not affect iPSC‐hepatocyte function significantly. High steatosis levels of liver ECM lead to higher albumin mRNA expression and secretion while at later stages of differentiation expression of major cytochrome (CYP) 450 enzymes is highest in low steatosis liver ECM. Both primary human hepatocytes and iPSC‐hepatocytes show an increase in fat metabolism marker expression with increasing steatosis levels most likely induced by excess fat remaining on the ECM. Overall, removal of excess fat from liver ECM may be needed for inducing proper hepatic function after recellularization.
Nanofluid‐Guided Janus Membrane for High‐Efficiency Electricity Generation from Water Evaporation
Authors: Han Yongxiang , Wang Yanlei , Wang Mi , Dong Hao , Nie Yi , Zhang Suojiang , He Hongyan 
Published: January 2024

AbstractHarvesting electricity from widespread water evaporation provides an alternative route to cleaner power generation technology. However, current evaporation power generation (EPG) mainly depends on the dissociation process of certain functional groups (e.g., SO3H) in water, which suffers from low power density and short‐term output. Herein, the Janus membrane is prepared by combining nanofluid and water‐grabbing material for EPG, where the nanoconfined ionic liquids (NCILs) serve as ion sources instead of the functional groups. Benefiting from the selective and fast transport of anions in NCILs, such EPG demonstrates excellent power performance with a voltage of 0.63 V, a short‐circuit current of 140 µA, and a maximum power density of 16.55 µW cm−2 while operating for at least 180 h consistently. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation and surface potential analysis reveal the molecular mechanism, that is, the diffusion of Cl− anions during evaporation is much faster than that of cations, generating the voltage and current across the membrane. Furthermore, the device performs well in varying environmental conditions, including different water temperatures and sources of evaporating water, showcasing its adaptability and integrability. Overall, the nanofluid‐guided Janus membrane can efficiently transform low‐grade thermal energy in evaporation into electricity, showing a competitive advantage over other sustainable applied approaches.
A Spatial Transcriptomics Based Label‐Free Method for Assessment of Human Stem Cell Distribution and Effects in a Mouse Model of Lung Fibrosis
Authors: Park Jeongbin , Lee Dongjoo , Lee Jae Eun , Lee Daeseung , Song In Ho , Park Hyun Soo , Choi Hongyoon , Im Hyung‐Jun 
Published: January 2024

AbstractRecently, cell therapy has emerged as a promising treatment option for various disorders. Given the intricate mechanisms of action (MOA) and heterogenous distribution in target tissues inherent to cell therapy, it is necessary to develop more sophisticated, unbiased approaches to evaluate the distribution of administered cells and the molecular changes at a microscopic level. This study introduces a label‐free approach for assessing the tissue distribution of administered human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) and their MOA, leveraging spatially resolved transcriptomics (ST) analysis. The hMSCs are introduced into a mouse model with lung fibrosis, followed by the manipulation of ST to visualize the spatial distribution of hMSCs within the tissue. This is achieved by capitalizing on interspecies transcript differences between humans and mice. Furthermore, the method allowed for the examination of molecular changes associated with the spatial distribution of hMSCs. Therefore, this method has the potential to serve as an effective tool for various cell‐based therapeutic agents.
Self‐Healable and 4D Printable Hydrogel for Stretchable Electronics
Authors: Li Huijun , Chng Chin Boon , Zheng Han , Wu Mao See , Bartolo Paulo Jorge Da Silva , Qi H. Jerry , Tan Yu Jun , Zhou Kun 
Published: January 2024

AbstractMaterials with high stretchability and conductivity are used to fabricate stretchable electronics. Self‐healing capability and four‐dimensional (4D) printability are becoming increasingly important for these materials to facilitate their recovery from damage and endow them with stimuli–response properties. However, it remains challenging to design a single material that combines these four strengths. Here, a dually crosslinked hydrogel is developed by combining a covalently crosslinked acrylic acid (AAC) network and Fe3+ ions through dynamic and reversible ionically crosslinked coordination. The remarkable electrical sensitivity (a gauge factor of 3.93 under a strain of 1500%), superior stretchability (a fracture strain up to 1700%), self‐healing ability (a healing efficiency of 88% and 97% for the mechanical and electrical properties, respectively), and 4D printability of the hydrogel are demonstrated by constructing a strain sensor, a two‐dimensional touch panel, and shape‐morphing structures with water‐responsive behavior. The hydrogel demonstrates vast potential for applications in stretchable electronics.
Truncated PD1 Engineered Gas‐Producing Extracellular Vesicles for Ultrasound Imaging and Subsequent Degradation of PDL1 in Tumor Cells
Authors: Zhang Siyan , Liang Yuan , Ji Panpan , Zheng Rui , Lu Fan , Hou Guangdong , Yang Guodong , Yuan Lijun 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPDL1 blockade therapy holds great promise in cancer immunotherapy. Ultrasound imaging of PDL1 expression in the tumor is of great importance in predicting the therapeutic efficacy. As a proof‐of‐concept study, a novel ultrasound contrast agent has been innovated here to image and block PDL1 in the tumor tissue. Briefly, extracellular vesicles (EVs) are engineered to display truncated PD1 (tPD1) on the surface to bind PDL1 with high affinity by fusion to EV‐abundant transmembrane protein PTGFRN. The engineered EVs are then encapsulated with Ca(HCO3)2 via electroporation and designated as Gp‐EVtPD1, which would recognize PDL1 highly expressed cells and produce gas in the endosomes and lysosomes. On the one hand, the echogenic signal intensity correlates well with the PDL1 expression and immune response inhibition in the tumor. On the other hand, during the trajectory of Gp‐EVtPD1 in the recipient cells, tPD1 on the EV binds PDL1 and triggers the PDL1 endocytosis and degradation in endosomes/lysosomes in a sequential manner, and thus boosts the anti‐tumor immunity of cytotoxic T cells. In summary, Gp‐EVtPD1 serves as a novel ultrasound contrast agent and blocker of PDL1, which might be of great advantage in imaging PDL1 expression and conquering immune checkpoint blocker resistance.
Accelerated silicosis in sandblasters: Pathology, mineralogy, and clinical correlates
Authors: Crawford Judith A. , Sanyal Soma , Burnett Bryan R. , Wiesenfeld Stephen L. , Abraham Jerrold L. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundWith increasing reports of accelerated and acute silicosis, PMF, and autoimmune disease among coal miners and silica‐exposed countertop workers, we present previously incompletely‐described pulmonary pathology of accelerated silicosis and correlations with mineralogy, radiography, and disease progression in 46 Texas oilfield pipe sandblasters who were biopsied between 1988 and 1995.MethodsWorker examinations included pulmonary function tests, chest X‐ray (CXR), high‐resolution computed tomography (HRCT), and Gallium‐67 scans. Quantitative mineralogic analysis of pulmonary parenchymal burden of silica, silicates, and metal particles used scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive x‐ray spectroscopy (SEM EDS).ResultsWorkers had clinical deterioration after <10 years exposure in dusty workplaces. Although initial CXR was normal in 54%, Gallium‐67 scans were positive in 68% of those with normal CXR, indicating pulmonary inflammation. The histology of accelerated silicosis is diffuse interstitial infiltration of macrophages filled with weakly birefringent particles with or without silicotic nodules or alveolar proteinosis. Lung silica concentrations were among the highest in our database, showing a dose–response relationship with CXR, HRCT, and pathologic changes (macrophages, fibrosis, and silicotic nodules). Radiographic scores and diffusing capacity worsened during observation. Silica exposure was intensified, patients presented younger, with shorter exposure, more severe clinical abnormalities, higher lung particle burdens, and more rapid progression in a subset of patients exposed to recycled blasting sand.ConclusionsAccelerated silicosis may present with a normal CXR despite significant histopathology. Multivariable analyses showed silica, and not other particles, is the driver of observed radiologic, physiologic, and histologic outcomes. Eliminating this preventable disease requires higher physician, public health, and societal awareness.
Carpal tunnel syndrome among Manitoba workers: Results from the Manitoba Occupational Disease Surveillance System
Authors: Kraut Allen , Rydz Elizabeth , Walld Randy , Demers Paul A. , Peters Cheryl E. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundCarpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is associated with occupational high‐force repetitive tasks and vibration. This project examines the relationship between CTS and work to: (1) identify jobs and industries with increased CTS risk; (2) explore whether there is a sex difference in the risk of CTS after controlling for occupation; and (3) determine whether any observed relationships persist after excluding Workers Compensation Board (WCB) accepted time‐loss CTS claims.MethodsWe linked 95.5% of time‐loss WCB claims from 2006 to 2019 to provincial administrative health data. The cohort included 143,001 unique person‐occupation combinations. CTS cases were defined as at least two medical claims for (ICD‐9 354) within a 12‐month period or a surgical claim for CTS from 2 years before the WCB claim to 3 years after. WCB accepted CTS time‐loss claims not identified by the medical claims were also included.ResultsA total of 4302 individuals (3.0%) met the CTS definition. Analysis revealed that the hazard ratios (HRs) of CTS vary considerably with occupation. Sex‐based differences in CTS risks were observed, both in low‐ and high‐risk occupations. In many occupations with increased HR, the HR remained elevated after excluding accepted time‐loss WCB cases.ConclusionsThe risk of developing CTS varied with occupation. Job titles with ergonomic risk factors had higher risks than those with lower exposures. This finding remained after eliminating time‐loss compensated WCB cases, suggesting that all cases of CTS in high risk jobs are not identified in WCB statistics. Female workers in some job titles had excess CTS cases compared to male workers within the same job title.