bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biodiversity protection and preservation: the roles of legal governance in Indonesia
Authors: Ramli R N H , Annisa A N , Hakim M Z 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Indonesia is regarded as a biodiversity hot spot. It has a variety of natural ecosystems home to many unique species. Biodiversity plays a vital role in maintaining the ecosystem and providing essential environmental and health services. It can also help prevent the extinction of certain species. Moreover, biodiversity can also indirectly have a positive economic impact on a country. On the other hand, the rich biodiversity in Indonesia is under threat. Previous research on biodiversity in Indonesia has examined how indigenous people protect biodiversity. Furthermore, another study has discussed the challenges of preserving biodiversity. This research aims to scrutinise the possibility of legal governance in managing biodiversity in Indonesia. First, this research elaborates on the various benefits of biodiversity. It also helps identify the factors that contribute to its conservation. Second, this essay analyses the current regulations in biodiversity protection at the national and provincial levels. Third, this research discusses the possibility of collaborating between the regions to protect and preserve biodiversity.
Biodiversity management policy in indonesia
Authors: Duadji N , Purba D , Juliana A , Wulandari FR , Zenitha SA , Budiati A , Kurniasih D , Djausal GP 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The study examines policies for managing biodiversity in Indonesia from 1990-2020. The study uses evaluation research, especially regulatory impact analysis (RIA), with a qualitative approach. The objects of this research are ten regulatory documents in the form of laws that have received stipulations and various relevant national government commitment actions. The analysis process uses the RIA technique, which includes analysis of strategic problems in biodiversity management and regulatory analysis through the comparison of policy content with issues of public interest, including climate change mitigation, welfare, empowerment, intergovernmental relations, and others. The results: 1) The issue of damage and reduction of biodiversity in Indonesia is high; 2) The government’s partiality through laws reflects limited focus and required actions, minimal regulation of responsibilities across sectors and between institutions (government and non-government), weak sanctions; 3) The law has not placed the community/stakeholders outside the government as subjects in biodiversity management, the government still dominates it. The study contributes to improving the quality of regulations. Public costs can be minimized in the context of policy revisions; on the content side of regulatory revisions, it can suppress lost resources, protect the environment from damage, and mitigate climate change.
Deforestation Vulnerability Based Administrative Boundary and Forest Area in Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia
Authors: Rijal Syamsu , Mutmainnah Ismiah , Nursaputra Munajat , Chairil A 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Deforestation is a change in forest cover into other types of cover which is a global problem. Deforestation that occurs varies in each region. Deforestation hazard is a better behavioral conclusion or profile information about deforestation that occurs because it displays three aspects of assessment, namely the Percentage of Forest Area (PFA), the proportion of deforestation events (PDE) and the rate of deforestation (RD). Analysis of deforestation profiles in Nusa Tenggara, which consists of two provinces from 1990 to 2020. This study uses overlapping data on land cover, district administration, and Area functions for forest-non-forest analysis. Analysis of deforestation profiles based on district administration produces 15 forms of deforestation profiles. The largest profile in West Nusa Tenggara Province is the 3-1-1 profile (large percentage of low-rate events), which is a non-vulnerable category. The highest profile in East Nusa Tenggara Province is 1-3-1 (a small percentage of late events) and is a very vulnerable category. Dominant deforestation occurs outside forest areas, but if viewed from a profile perspective, all functions of the area are classified as very vulnerable in East Nusa Tenggara Province, and conservation forest areas in West Nusa Tenggara Province. This happened because the largest deforestation occurred in the end period in each function of the forest area. This is a warning for the management of forest areas in Nusa Tenggara.
Analysis of The Quality of The Mamasa Sub-Watershed Using The Land Cover Approach and Land Cover Projections in 2031
Authors: Soma Andang Suryana , Chaeruddin Andi Alif , Wahyuni  
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The biophysical cover that can be seen on the earth’s surface due to regulation, activity, and human intervention is called land cover. In general, changes in land cover can be observed using spatial data from land cover maps from several points in different years. Changes in land cover in a watershed will directly affect the quality of the watershed. This study aims to analyze land cover changes in 2011 – 2016 and 2016 – 2021, analyze land cover change projections in 2031, and analyze watershed quality using the Percentage of Vegetation Cover approach. The overlay analysis approach was used to conduct an examination of land cover change. Land cover change projections were carried out using the Multi-Layer Perceptron method and Cellular Automata (CA) Markov chain modeling in Idrisi TerraSet Software and watershed quality analysis by calculating the PPV entering the plants permanently. The results of this study note that changes in land cover in 2011 – 2016 experienced a change of 763,53 hectares, and in 2016 – 2021, the most significant change was 802,69 hectares. The biggest change in land cover occurred in the closure of dry land agriculture. The results of the projected land cover in 2031 have changed by 4.472,44 hectares, with the most significant change occurring in dry-land agriculture. Calculating the percentage value of vegetation cover shows that the quality of the Mamasa sub-watershed has decreased from very good to sound due to a decrease in permanent vegetation.
POLYMORPHISM Inter Simple Sequence Repeats (ISSR) PRIMERS FOR GENETIC DIVERSITY FOR POOTI PLANTS (Hopea gregaria)
Authors: Nurislami Annisa , Restu Muh , Tuheteru Faisal Danu , Albasri  , Larekeng Siti Halimah 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Pooti (Hopea gregaria) is a medium size tree that can grow up to 35 m from the Dipterocarpaceae family. Since 1998, the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) has reported the pooti tree as endangered, and the species has a narrow distribution, found only in Southeast Sulawesi. One of the efforts to overcome the rarity of the Pooti plant is through a tree breeding program. However, this tree breeding program will only be successful with the support of genetic diversity information. The study of genetic diversity can be done using a molecular-based approach using Inter Simple Sequence Repeats (ISSR) markers. Samples of Pooti leaves used in the study were taken from Botanical Forest Park Nipa-Nipa (Tahura) and Protected Forest Nanga-Nanga, Kendari City, Southeast Sulawesi Province. A total of 50 samples were extracted using the CTAB (Cetyl Trimethyl Ammonium Bromide) method. Ten types of primers that have been carried out obtained seven primers that can produce bright polymorphic bands and can be continued for study genetic diversity, namely UBC 810, UBC 813, UBC 814, UBC 822, UBC 823, UBC 827, and UBC 830.
Composition and diversity of medicinal plant species and their utilization on agroforestry land at community forest bangkeng buki' in Bukit Harapan village Bulukumba regency
Authors: Makkasau Ahmad Rifqi , Millang Syamsuddin , Jannah Rahmatul 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Medicinal plants and their utilization have long been known by the people of Bukit Harapan village and their use is increasing along with the difficulty of accessing modern medicine. This study aims to determine the composition and diversity of medicinal plant species and their utilization by the community. This research uses direct observation methods in the field and interviews with respondents with the determination of respondents using snowball sampling in communities that implement agroforestry systems in the Bangkeng Buki’ Community Forest area. The research was conducted from December 2022 to March 2023. The results showed that the composition of plant species on land that applied the agroforestry system found in Bukit Harapan Village amounted to 77 species of plants and 40 of them were medicinal plants consisting of 28 types of cultivated plants and 12 types of plants that grew wildly. The plant species diversity index obtained is 2.72 with the criteria H’ classified as moderate. The percentage of plant parts that are most utilized by the community is the leaves by 53% and most people use medicinal plants in single form and the rest in mixed form. Based on this, it is necessary to preserve medicinal plants in Bukit Harapan village so that they can be utilized by the community in a sustainable manner.
Experimental Analysis of Solar Parabolic Trough Collector for Novel Solar Cooking System in Gujarat, India
Authors: Mistri Piyushkumar M. , Pathak Kedar , Satankar Raj Kumar , Gamit Jigar. C. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Indian villages use wood, cow-buffalo dung cakes, and agricultural waste for cooking, while urban areas use piped natural gas and LPG. Desertification and rising fuel prices require renewable energy sources like solar energy. Three types of solar cookers are used for cooking like: box, concentrator, and indirect. The box solar cooker, popular for over two centuries, uses solar radiation to generate heat energy for cooking food. It can be powered by reflector sheets and energy-storing materials, with a 35.3-21.7 % energy efficiency compared to a standard cooker with 27.6-16.9%. Direct solar cookers with parabolic reflectors concentrate reflected energy, suitable for direct or indirect cooking. In winter, a parabolic dish solar cooker cooks at a faster pace and higher temperatures. Moreover, the Parabolic Trough Collector offers a more practical cooking solution. This research work evaluates the efficiency of the Parabolic Trough Collector (PTC) in various real-world climatic conditions using locally available materials for reflector having 97 % of reflectivity and absorber tube made-up of copper tube covered with black colour sheet. Cooking system efficiency was tested, and the results ranged from 5 to 40%. Further, this study aims to identify an applied performance evaluation in Gujarat, India.
Development of an Indoor Test-bed for Evaluation of Tracking Mechanism
Authors: Tiwari Chandni , Chandra Laltu , Bandyopadhyay Bibek 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Tracking systems are used in both solar photovoltaic and concentrated solar thermal power to harness solar energy. It is essential for a tracking mechanism to ensure reliability. There are possibilities of misalignment between collector and the sun, even if the sun’s position is known, which leads to noticeable energy losses. One of the reasons for this misalignment is the individual uncertainty/errors associated with different components of the tracking system. Evaluation of integrated tracking mechanism is, generally, performed on the field globally, which includes additional effects. Therefore, it is a very tedious process and time-consuming, in addition to the involved cost. Considering these aspects, this paper presents design of an indoor test-bed for evaluation of tracking mechanism under a controlled condition. The test-bed simulates the apparent sun-path, which is designed using a mathematical tool. A step-by-step approach for evaluation of a single-axis tracking mechanism is reported. However, provisions are made to evaluate even a dual-axial tracking mechanism. Experiments are performed with the considered one-axis tracking mechanism to demonstrate the applicability of such a test-bed. A comparative study shows that the test-bed indeed allows characterization of the developed one-axis tracking mechanism and its time independence. Thus, it can be safely stated that such a test bed, in future, will provide first-hand evaluation of existing and new tracking mechanism before its on-field implementation.
Review on Solar Hybrid Systems and its Approaches for Green Power Generation
Authors: Mishra Rahul , Doda Devendra Kumar , Jangid Satish , Kumar Sujeet 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
In one and a half hours, enough sunlight strikes the earth’s surface to supply enough energy for one year. Solar technologies harness the power of the sun by using photovoltaic panels or mirrors that focus and convert the energy from the sun’s rays into electrical energy. From this energy, electricity can be generated, or it can be stored in batteries or thermal storage. Photovoltaics (PV) or concentrated solar power are two methods of converting sunlight into electricity. Inexhaustible and renewable, solar energy is harnessed through the use of mirrors and panels and is produced from the Sun’s light - photovoltaic energy. By reducing the cost of battery storage and solar energy, hybrid systems are expected to become more cost competitive. Even at today’s prices of around 6-7 Indian Rupees per kilowatt hour (kWh), solar, wind, and storage can provide reliable round-the-clock power. In order to revaluate the performance, we have compared some of the research work done in the off-grid / off-grid systems simulated using HOMER. As HOMER compares thousands of possibilities at once, you can see how variables beyond your control affect the optimal system, such as wind speed, fuel costs, etc.
Effectiveness of Papaya Seeds as a Biocoagulan to Reduce Turbidity in Grained Media Water Treatment
Authors: Wilanda T G H , Pramitasari N , Kartini A M , Badriani R E 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Bedadung River is one of the raw water sources in Jember City. Turbidity is one of the water quality parameters of the Bedadung River. It has exceeded the quality standards, requiring treatment to reduce turbidity through the coagulation-flocculation method with a gravel bed flocculation. The process needs a coagulant. However, commonly found coagulants are made from raw chemical materials that have an impact on the environment and health. Therefore, alternatives are needed, such as coagulants that use natural raw materials, one of which is papaya seeds. This study aims to determine the optimum dose of papaya seed coagulant and the effect of media type (single and multiple media) on the final turbidity using papaya seed coagulant. The research began with the preparation of papaya seed coagulant and determination of the optimum dose, then continued with running reactor. The result shows that the optimum dose of papaya seed biocoagulant to reduce water turbidity of 15-110 NTU is 130 ppm. Application in the reactor, the effect of a media type (single and multiple media) as bed flocculation using coagulant papaya seeds has a significant effect on the final turbidity partially, with a significance value of < 2 x 10−16 < 0.05.
Dewatering and stabilization of Black cotton soil using Electrokinetic Geosynthetics
Authors: Issac Serin , Geetha Varma V 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Electrokinetic Geosynthetics (EKG) is a platform technology used to dewater and stabilize highly saturated soft clayey soils, mine tailings, tunnelling slurry waste, sewage sludge etc. This laboratory study investigates the potential of EKG made of woven coir geotextile to stabilize highly expansive saturated black cotton soil collected from the Hubli-Dharward region of Karnataka state, India. An electoosmosis design was made in a tank setup where the soil was dewatered for a period of 7 days under three varying potential (15V, 30V & 60V) and different electrode configuration. The results demonstrated an increase in the rate of pore water dissipation by 500% at an optimum voltage gradient of 30V in various electrode spacing. The results of the EKG treatment at various voltages revealed that, as applied voltages increased up to 60 V, the liquid limits and plasticity indices rapidly dropped. An exponential increase in undrained shear strength of the soil was observed at an electrode configuration of 4A-1C.
A Review Study on the Improving the Hot Mixture Asphalt Properties by Using Different Types of Polymers as Additive for Asphalt Material
Authors: Kazim H A , Naser A F , Jawad Z F 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
By integrating the design of high-performance material with solid structural design, flexible pavement performance can be increased and the service life extended. In the context of creating highways the topic of asphalt polymer modification and the incorporation of polymers in asphalt material by mechanical mixing or chemical reaction, has received substantial scholarly coverage. A wide range of polymers types are used in the method of changing asphalt material and subsequently enhancing hot mixed asphalt. The main objective of this paper is to review prior research on employing polymer materials to develop the qualities of asphalt cement and hot mixed asphalt. This study reviews three different types of polymers. These polymers are Styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), and polyvinyl chloride polymers (PVC). According to earlier studies in this area, these polymers are elastomers and plastomers that are utilized to enhance the mechanical properties of hot-mix asphalt while also increasing the stability, elasticity, and stiffness of asphalt binders. The overall performance of asphalt pavement can be achieved by reducing the possibility of rutting in the summer and cracking in the winter.
Environmental Policy Influencing the Contribution of Non-Timber Forest Products to Rural Livelihoods: Case Studies from Himachal Pradesh, India.
Authors: Thapa Amrita , Singh Kesari 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Lack of comprehension of the complexity of the elements that determine the contribution of NTFPs to local lives frequently hinders discussions about the role of non-timber forest products (NTFPs) in efforts to balance the aims of forest conservation and rural development. The districts of Kangra, Sirmour, and Mandi in Himachal Pradesh State in India are three case studies where NTFPs are significant, and this study highlights that the effect of environmental policies, socio-cultural background, and economic status of the people on the extraction of the NTFPs. The study also demonstrates the importance of paying close attention to the socio-cultural diversity of resource users, as well as the value chain structure, and access to and control over resources, all of which have an impact on the chances for locals to profit from NTFP extraction. The rural livelihoods still rely upon the fuelwood and fodder from forests and there is a lack of knowledge and education to understand the policies and schemes related to forests and NTFPs.
Use of Genetic Algorithm to Optimize Energy Efficiency, Construction Cost, and Daylight in Building Design
Authors: Kar Saptarshi , Kumar Nikhil Suresh , Bhatia Aviruch 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Buildings are a major consumer of energy and electricity in the overall energy consumption profile of a city. According to the IPCC AR6 report, buildings contribute to 40% of the overall GHG emissions. Widespread transformations in system and performance are required to achieve the global target of 1.5 °C. Since the overall process of energy efficiency is based on several parameters and their associated cost functions, it is necessary to use suitable optimization techniques to find the most effective outcome focusing primarily on productivity, utilization, and efficiency. The study involves the application of a Genetic Algorithm for optimization techniques toward energy efficiency, construction cost, and daylight. A single-floor office building having a floor area of 1000 m2 has been simulated in EnergyPlus. Two optimization variables – Window-to-Wall Ratio and Glass SHGC have been considered for the study keeping the rest of the variables constant. The associated cost functions were the First Cost of the Building, Annual Operational Energy, and the Daylight Area. The Non-Dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm (NSGA-II) was applied for the study. The results were compared with the simulation values and optimal solution convergence was observed.
The ICS vs. the ICSID system: a possible compromise in the light of the sustainable development
Authors: Alkhayer J , Gupta N , Gupta C M 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The current inclination to direct investment efforts towards sustainable development, coupled with the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, unveiled in 2015, which included the 16th goal of granting equal access to justice and reinforcing the rule of law on a universal level, has brought investor-state dispute settlement (ISDS) mechanisms to the forefront of global investment discussions. The ICSID has carried out a crucial role in overseeing the ISDS system, offering arbitration facilities for disputes between investors and states for over six decades. However, the ISDS system has faced criticism in recent years. In response, a new Investment Court System (ICS) implemented by the EU that aims to address these concerns by establishing a permanent court formed with judges who have been appointed by member states in advance and are distributed to disputes in a rotating and random manner. It also limits the parties’ freedom to opt the applicable law and considers that the substantive provisions in investment agreements are the applicable law to the raised disputes and inserts an appellate mechanism review for law and fact matters as well. The paper discusses the relationship between the ICS and the ICSID system in the light of sustainable development and examines a possible compromise between both systems by considering the ICS as inter se modification of the ICSID convention based on investigation of its compatibility with requirements of the VCLT. Ultimately, the paper finds that recognizing the ICS as an amendment between some parties to the ICSID convention does not conflict with the VCLT.
Three-dimensional electronic structure of the superconductor Sn4Sb3 by angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy
Authors: Ding Pengfei , Man Xiaoxiao , Liu Qingxin , Ma Huan , Liu Bin , Ren Zhi , Liu Kai , Wang Shancai 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The layered material Sn4Sb3 exhibits superconductivity with

T

c

∼

1.47 K and is proposed to be a topological superconductor candidate. In this study, we investigate the electronic structure of Sn4Sb3 using angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Despite its layered structure, the band structure of Sn4Sb3 shows strong kz
dependence, leading to the formation of a three-dimensional Fermi surface. The electronic bands exhibit three-fold symmetry at most kz
planes and six-fold symmetry at the Γ and Z planes. These observations are consistent with DFT calculations, except for the presence of additional flat-like bands located 500 meV below the Fermi level. The photon energy dependence measurement show noticeable kz
dispersion in one of the splitted branches, suggesting a bulk origin of the feature, and negligible kz
dispersion in another branch, implying the surface origin of the state.