bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tissue microarray‐based studies of patients with lymph node negative breast carcinoma show that met expression is associated with worse outcome but is not correlated with epidermal growth factor family receptors
Authors: Tolgay Ocal Idris , Dolled‐Filhart Marisa , D'Aquila Thomas G. , Camp Robert L. , Rimm David L. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractBACKGROUNDIt has been shown that receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) predict outcome in patients with breast carcinoma. Although RTKs are a large family, HER‐2, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), Met (hepatocyte growth factor receptor), and others all have shown the ability to predict outcome. However, it remains unclear whether these markers are defining the same subpopulation of patients with breast carcinoma. In this study, the authors attempted to determine the correlation between RTKs on the basis of their ability to stratify a population according to outcome.METHODSThe authors used tissue microarray technology to study 324 patients with lymph node negative breast carcinoma who had 20–40 years of follow‐up. Expression was assessed using immunohistochemical stains for Met, EFGR, fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR), and HER‐2. Expression levels were assessed by two observers, and correlations were analyzed. Standard pathology information, including tumor size, nuclear grade, Ki‐67 receptor status, and estrogen and progesterone receptor expression levels, also was collected.RESULTSRTK expression in the study cohort revealed two strong correlations. Specifically, HER‐2 and EGFR showed similar expression patterns (P < 0.0001), and Met cytoplasmic domain and FGFR cytoplasmic staining showed similar expression patterns (P < 0.0001), but no correlation was found between the two groups. Of these RTKs, only high levels of Met cytoplasmic domain showed significance as a prognostic marker defining a shortened survival compared with the rest of the population (P = 0.0035; relative risk, 2.04). In the same group of patients, HER‐2, hormone receptor status, and other RTK family receptors were not correlated with outcome. In multivariate analysis, only Met cytoplasmic domain and tumor size showed independent predictive value.CONCLUSIONSThe current results indicate that the cytoplasmic domain of Met shows a unique staining pattern and defines a set of patients unique from the set of patients defined by overexpression of HER‐2, EGFR, or hormone receptors. Furthermore, this group of patients is associated tightly and independently with worse outcome. Cancer 2003;97:1841–8. © 2003 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.11335
Plasticity in the tonotopic organization of the medial geniculate body in adult cats following restricted unilateral cochlear lesions
Authors: Kamke Marc R. , Brown Mel , Irvine Dexter R.F. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractTo investigate subcortical contributions to cortical reorganization, the frequency organization of the ventral nucleus of the medial geniculate body (MGv) in six normal adult cats and in eight cats with restricted unilateral cochlear lesions was investigated using multiunit electrophysiological recording techniques. The tonotopic organization of MGv in the lesioned animals, with severe mid‐to‐high frequency hearing losses, was investigated 40–186 days following the lesioning procedure. Frequency maps were generated from neural responses to pure tone bursts presented separately to each ear under barbiturate anesthesia. Consideration of the frequency organization in normal animals, and of the apparently normal representation of the ipsilateral (unlesioned) cochlea in lesioned animals, allowed for a detailed specification of the extent of changes observed in MGv. In the lesioned animals it was found that, in the region of MGv in which mid‐to‐high frequencies are normally represented, there was an “expanded representation” of lesion‐edge frequencies. Neuron clusters within these regions of enlarged representation that had “new” characteristic frequencies displayed response properties (latency, bandwidth) very similar to those in normal animals. Thresholds of these neurons were not consistent with the argument that the changes merely reflect the residue of prelesion responses, suggesting a dynamic process of reorganization. The tonotopic reorganization observed in MGv is similar to that seen in the primary auditory cortex and is more extensive than the reorganization found in the auditory midbrain, suggesting that the auditory thalamus plays an important role in cortical plasticity. J. Comp. Neurol. 459:355–367, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Static and dynamic analysis of an aerofoil bladed disc using the concept of cyclic symmetry
Authors: Vaidyanathan Ramnath , Santhanam Shriram , Ramamurti V. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractCentrifugal fan impellers with aerofoil blades are analysed using the concept of cyclic symmetry. Impellers with single cover plate alone are considered. Both static and dynamic analyses are done and user‐friendly programs for the design of these impellers are developed. In addition, parametric studies were also undertaken. Variations of maximum stress and the lowest frequency with the various values of both the outer diameter and thickness of the impeller plates was carried out, and the results plotted. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Theoretical analysis of subtractive color mixture characteristics
Authors: Matsushiro Nobuhito , Ohta Noboru 
Published: April 2003

AbstractUnderstanding the characteristics of the stimulus values of colors obtained by subtractive color mixture is not easy, compared with those obtained by additive color mixture, since the relationship between superimposed absorption media and the stimulus values is not simple. In this article, using the assumption of the Lambert‐Beer model for subtractive color mixture, we prove several theorems regarding the stimulus values of colors obtained by subtractive color mixture. Although these theorems are proved theoretically, numerical illustrations are also shown to confirm the theorems. The results of this paper will contribute to a systematization of subtractive color mixture. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 28, 175–181, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/col.10143
Boundary integral equations for computer‐aided design of Y‐branch circuits of quantum electron waveguide
Authors: Katayama Kiyofumi , Tanaka Masahiro , Tanaka Kazuo 
Published: April 2003

AbstractWith a view to contributing to the fundamental theory of the computer‐aided design of electron waveguide circuits, the guided‐mode extracted boundary integral equation derived earlier by the authors is now extended to three‐port Y‐branch circuits. The integral equation formulated as a rigorous boundary value problem of the Y‐branch circuits can be directly analyzed numerically by using only the boundary element method (moment method) without mode‐expansion. If the electron energy is larger or smaller than the external potential of the waveguide, almost identical algorithms can be used for coding. A specific example of the Y‐branch electron waveguide with a finite external potential is analyzed and the mathematical validity of the derived integral equation and the effectiveness of the analysis method are studied. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 86(5): 16–25, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjb.10108
Experimental study on oscillation characteristics of magnetron after turning off filament current
Authors: Mitani Tomohiko , Shinohara Naoki , Matsumoto Hiroshi , Hashimoto Kozo 
Published: April 2003

AbstractThe objective of the present research is the application of a magnetron made for civilian use to a transmitter for a microwave power transmission system, including the solar power station/satellite (SPS) concept. Experiments show that, when a magnetron is made to oscillate with a DC stabilized power supply drive, the oscillation frequency spectrum becomes narrower, although the DC‐RF conversion efficiency suffers somewhat if the filament current is turned off after oscillation than when the specified filament current flows in the thermal emission filament. The reasons for a narrower oscillation frequency spectrum are elimination of the disturbance of the anode current caused by the anode current–anode voltage relationship, one of the oscillation characteristics of the magnetron, and reduction of the thermal effect on electrons. By improvement of the frequency spectrum, it is now possible to configure a phased array system with high output, high efficiency, and low cost by means of a magnetron. Hence, a future application to SPS is expected. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 86(5): 1–9, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjb.10116
Estimation of frequency offset in QPSK demodulation
Authors: Obote Shigeki , Kagoshima Kenichi 
Published: April 2003

AbstractIf there is a frequency offset in the local oscillator circuit in QPSK demodulation, the BER is degraded. Previously, methods for estimating this frequency offset have been proposed. However, few techniques that have been studied can estimate this offset in an environment with a large frequency offset or noise. A digital adaptive IIR notch filter is effective for estimation of a large frequency offset in an environment with noise. However, the noise is colored in the receiver due to the IF band BPF inserted in order to suppress out‐of‐band noise. Therefore, the converged value has a bias error with respect to the target value. The method proposed in this paper is based on the fact that the phase of the digital IIR‐BPF is zero at the center frequency of the amplitude characteristic. This characteristic is used for control by applying a negative feedback to the digital IIR‐BPF coefficients. Then, no bias error is generated because the noise in the in‐phase channel and that of the quadrature channel in QPSK are uncorrelated. Further, the proposed method does not drift but maintains the present status due to the uncorrelated character described above, even in the case of channel disconnection such as shadowing. Therefore, this is a frequency offset estimation method suitable for mobile communications. As a result of evaluation of the proposed method in terms of the BER in a white Gaussian noise channel, it is confirmed that the proposed method provides a BER lower than that of the conventional digital adaptive IIR notch filter. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 3, 86(9): 1–12, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjc.10089
Clinical and immunological evaluation of patients with metastatic melanoma undergoing immunization with the HLA‐Cw*0702‐associated epitope MAGE‐A12:170–178
Authors: Bettinotti Maria P. , Panelli Monica C. , Ruppe Erin , Mocellin Simone , Phan Giao Q. , White Donald E. , Marincola Francesco M. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractPatients with metastatic melanoma who expressed HLA‐Cw*0702 and whose tumors had demonstrable MAGE‐A12 expression were immunized with the peptide MAGE‐A12:170–178 administered subcutaneously in incomplete Freund's adjuvant (IFA). The peptide was administered either every week or every 3 weeks for 4 cycles. Patients were evaluated for toxicity and for immunologic and clinical response to peptide immunization. Pre‐treatment fine needle aspirates were obtained to document MAGE‐A12 expression for enrollment. MAGE‐A12 mRNA was identified in 62% of specimens. Nine patients were selected for vaccination based on MAGE‐A12 expression and the presence of HLA‐Cw*0702. The immune response was monitored both by tetrameric HLA‐Cw*0702/MAGE‐A12:170–178 complexes and by analysis of interferon‐γ mRNA transcription using a quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction assay after peptide‐specific stimulation. The samples consisted of circulating lymphocytes analyzed ex vivo or after 10 to 14 days of in vitro sensitization. One of 9 patients sustained an ongoing partial clinical response. No convincing evidence of enhancement of the systemic immune response against MAGE‐A12:170–178 could be documented. Because of the modest immunological and clinical results, the present protocol has been discontinued as new routes of administration are being considered. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Novel alternatively spliced variant with a deletion of 52 BP in exon 6 of the progesterone receptor gene is observed frequently in breast cancer tissues
Authors: Hisatomi Hisashi , Kohno Norio , Wakita Kazuyuki , Nagao Kumi , Hirata Hiroyuki , Hikiji Kazumasa , Harada Shoji 
Published: April 2003

AbstractThe human progesterone receptor (PR) is a ligand‐activated nuclear transcription factor that mediates progesterone action in target tissues. We found a novel alternatively spliced variant (ASV) of the PR mRNA in breast cancer tissues. The deleted transcript was characterized by an out‐of‐frame deletion of 52 bp in exon 6 (PR delta6/2 ASV). The PR delta6/2 ASV mRNA results in a partial defect in the region of the ligand‐binding domain of the hormone receptor, where conserved residues are missing from the core of the protein. To clarify the clinical significance of the PR delta6/2 ASV, we investigated the expression of this ASV in noncancerous and cancerous tissues from patients with breast cancer using RT‐PCR. The novel PR delta6/2 mRNA was detected in 24 of 39 (61.5%) cancerous tissues and in 3 of 39 (7.7%) noncancerous tissues from patients with breast cancer. PR delta6/2 ASV mRNA was expressed more frequently in breast cancer tissues than in noncancerous tissues (p < 0.0001), which suggests a possible relationship between the expression of PR delta6/2 and breast cancer. Our observations may provide a novel strategy for the genetic diagnosis of breast cancer. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
CS‐1, a novel c‐kithi+ acute myeloid leukemia cell line with dendritic cell differentiation capacity and absent immunogenicity
Authors: Erben Ulrike , Thiel Eckhard , Bittroff‐Leben Alexandra , Schoch Claudia , Fichtner Iduna , Dürkop Horst , Notter Michael 
Published: April 2003

AbstractComplex cytogenetic abnormalities confer dismal prognoses in myeloid malignancies. Even bone marrow transplantation from siblings or matched unrelated donors offer minimal chances for cure, suggesting that these cases are not only refractory to chemotherapy but also resist the graft‐vs.‐leukemia effect. We herein describe the first permanent, factor‐independent c‐kithi+ cell line CS‐1 derived from an unrelated donor stem cell transplanted patient with relapsed acute myeloid leukemia (AML)‐M5a of high‐risk karyotype [monosomy 7, t(2;11)(q31;p13), t(10;12)(q24;q24)]. Having the same karyotype, CS‐1 exhibits an autonomous growth pattern and responds to stem cell factor (SCF). CS‐1 did not induce T cell activation in mixed‐lymphocyte‐tumor‐cultures (MLTCs) and, when used as third party stimulators, decreased T cell proliferation in mixed‐lymphocyte reactions (MLRs). Cytokines added exogenously or secreted from bystander T cells caused CS‐1 to differentiate into dendritic cells (DCs). CS‐1‐derived DCs, in contrast to DCs originating from non‐malignant CD34+ progenitor cells, had virtually no T cell stimulatory effect, indicating that CS‐1 is both immunosuppressive and poorly immunogenic. These properties may partially be due to the detected downregulation of costimulatory molecules and appear to involve a soluble factor. CS‐1 cells injected subcutaneously (s.c.) to non‐obese diabetes/severe combined immunodeficient (NOD/SCID) mice produced solid tumors, disseminating into bone marrow and spleen. The data show that transforming AML blasts with high‐risk karyotype into DCs is insufficient to restore their immunogenicity and that the CS‐1 cell line is useful to identify tumor‐related immunosuppressive mechanisms in vitro and in vivo. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Efficient tumor cell lysis by autologous, tumor‐resident T lymphocytes in primary ovarian cancer samples by an EP‐CAM‐/CD3‐bispecific antibody
Authors: Wimberger Pauline , Xiang Wei , Mayr Doris , Diebold Joachim , Dreier Torsten , Baeuerle Patrick A. , Kimmig Rainer 
Published: April 2003

AbstractThe epithelial cell adhesion molecule (Ep‐CAM) is expressed on the surface of most human carcinomas, including ovarian, breast, lung, prostate and colorectal carcinoma. Ep‐CAM was shown to be a valid target for monoclonal antibody‐based therapies. We have investigated whether an Ep‐CAM‐/CD3‐bispecific single‐chain antibody called bscEp‐CAM × CD3 is effective in tumor cell elimination within the cellular microenvironment of primary ovarian cancer tissue. The ex vivo elimination of ovarian cancer cells in tumor preparations from 21 patients was monitored by flow cytometry using Ep‐CAM/CA‐125 double‐labeling or Ep‐CAM single‐labeling combined with propidium iodide uptake of cells. Methodology was established by the ovarian cancer cell line OvCAR. A total of 17 (81%) patient samples showed a dose‐dependent tumor cell elimination by bscEp‐CAM × CD3. High and specific tumor cell lysis was seen at bscEp‐CAM × CD3 concentrations as low as 1 ng/ml, at very low effector:target ratios and in the absence of T cell costimulation. The high efficacy of the bispecific antibody may be due to the non‐restricted activation of tumor‐resident cytotoxic T lymphocytes. In clinical trials, the ex vivo data with the T cell‐recruiting bispecific antibody bscEp‐CAM × CD3 may translate into a high response rate and efficacy of tumor cell elimination. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Farnesyl transferase inhibitor SCH66336 is cytostatic, pro‐apoptotic and enhances chemosensitivity to cisplatin in melanoma cells
Authors: Smalley Keiran S.M. , Eisen Tim G. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractThe constitutive activity of a number of growth and cell survival pathways are thought to contribute to the inherent resistance of melanoma to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Many of these pathways are driven through the small GTPase Ras. Novel drugs such as the farnesyl transferase inhibitors (FTIs) and farnesyl thiosalicylic acid (FTS) interfere with the signaling of oncogenic Ras. The aim of our study was to assess the anti‐tumour activity of the FTI SCH66336 in melanoma and to assess whether SCH66336 and FTS could modulate chemoresistance in melanoma cells. SCH66336 had marked anti‐proliferative activity in both human and mouse melanoma cell lines, but not in non‐transformed NIH 3T3 cells. The anti‐proliferative activity of SCH66336 was due to G1‐phase cell cycle arrest and retinoblastoma protein inactivation, followed by apoptosis. Cisplatin, when administered alone, induced little apoptosis. In combination with cisplatin, both FTS and SCH66336 markedly enhanced the level of cisplatin‐induced apoptosis, an effect that was associated with enhanced G2/M cell cycle arrest. Pharmacological inhibitors of either ERK or PI‐3 kinase/Akt did not mimic the chemosensitising activity of either SCH66336 or FTS. In summary, our study demonstrates that SCH66336 has good in vitro anti‐tumour activity in both human and mouse melanoma cell lines, and suggests that Ras antagonists could be useful in overcoming chemoresistance to cisplatin in melanoma. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Association of cyclin D1 (G870A) polymorphism with susceptibility to esophageal and gastric cardiac carcinoma in a northern Chinese population
Authors: Zhang Jianhui , Li Yan , Wang Rui , Wen Denggui , Sarbia Mario , Kuang Gang , Wu Mingli , Wei Lizhen , He Ming , Zhang Liwei , Wang Shijie 
Published: April 2003

AbstractOur aim was to investigate the association of cyclin D1 (G870A) single nucleotide polymorphism with susceptibility to esophageal and cardiac carcinoma in a northern Chinese population. By polymerase chain reaction‐single strand conformation polymorphism analysis, cyclin D1 (G870A) genotyping was carried out among 120 patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), 87 patients with gastric cardiac adenocarcinoma (CAC), and 183 age‐ and gender‐matched controls. The cyclin D1 genotype distribution among ESCC patients was significantly different from that among healthy controls (χ2 = 7.372, p = 0.025). The G/G genotype was significantly less frequent among ESCC patients (9.2%) than among healthy controls (20.8%) (χ2 = 7.192, p = 0.007). The G/G genotype significantly reduced risk for the development of ESCC compared to the combination of G/A and A/A genotypes (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 0.37, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.16–0.83). After stratification according to smoking status, the A/A frequency among smoking ESCC (34.3%) and CAC patients (35.7%) was significantly higher than that among smoking healthy controls (18.6%) (χ2 = 5.426 and 5.599, p = 0.020 and 0.018, respectively). Smokers with the A/A genotype had an about 2‐fold increased risk for both of ESCC and CAC compared to the G/A and G/G genotypes, with an adjusted OR of 2.26 in ESCC (95% CI = 1.14–4.49) and of 2.42 in CAC (95% CI = 1.17–4.98). No correlation between the cyclin D1 genotype and development of ESCC or CAC was found among nonsmokers. Determination of the cyclin D1 (G870A) single nucleotide polymorphism may be suitable to identify individuals with increased risk for ESCC or CAC in the northern Chinese population. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Determination of a minimal region of loss of heterozygosity on chromosome 18q21.33 in osteosarcoma
Authors: Johnson‐Pais Teresa L. , Nellissery Maggie J. , Ammerman Donald G. , Pathmanathan Dharmini , Bhatia Pardeep , Buller Carolyn L. , Leach Robin J. , Hansen Marc F. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractPrevious analysis of tumor‐specific constitutional LOH had identified a putative tumor‐suppressor gene (LOH18CR) active in osteosarcoma tumorigenesis, which mapped to a subregion of chromosome 18q linked to both familial Paget's disease and FEO. Using 9 new polymorphic loci within the previous minimal region of LOH, we have reduced the minimal region of LOH in osteosarcoma tumors to localize the LOH18CR locus to the distal end of chromosome 18q21.33. This new region is approximately 500 kb and contains at least 7 known genes; however, it excludes 2 previous candidate genes: TNFRSF11A (RANK) and BCL2. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Influence of storage regime prior to abrasion on surface topography of restorative materials
Authors: Turssi Cecilia Pedroso , Hara Anderson Takeo , Magalhães Cláudia Silami de , Serra Mônica Campos , Rodrigues Antonio Luiz 
Published: April 2003

AbstractThis investigation was carried out to evaluate the effect of storage conditions prior to brushing simulation on surface texture of restorative materials. One resin‐modified glass ionomer (Fuji II LC Improved/GC Corp.), one polyacid‐modified composite resin (Dyract AP/Denstply), one microfill composite (Durafill VS/Kulzer), and one hybrid (Filtek–Z250/3M) composite were tested. Forty‐five standardized cylindrical specimens of each material were made and randomly divided into three groups according to their subsequent storage conditions: distilled deionized water, artificial saliva, or pH‐cycling regime. After 24 h, the experimental units were finished and polished and the surface roughness was measured to obtain Ra baseline values (Bv). Samples were subjected to their assigned storage regime and brushed afterwards. By the end of 10 repetitions of this protocol, final surface roughness readings (Fv) were taken. The analysis of covariance (α = 0.05), considering the covariate Bv showed a significant interaction between restorative material and storage condition (pvalue = 0.0002). Tukey's test revealed that the pH‐cycling model provided a significantly lower surface roughness for Fuji II LC and Dyract AP than did the other media. For both composites no significant difference among storage regimes was detected. Under a condition simulating dynamic variation in pH prior to abrasion, the resultant surface texture may be either smoothed down or unchanged, depending on the restorative material, when compared to the effect provided by artificial saliva and distilled deionized water. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 65B: 227–232, 2003