bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
European public opinion: united in supporting Ukraine, divided on the future of NATO
Authors: Thomson Catarina , Mader Matthias , Münchow Felix , Reifler Jason , Schoen Harald 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
• How strong is public support for Ukraine in Europe? Given reports that Russian President Vladimir Putin may be ‘playing for time’ in the hopes that weary publics will demand an end to supporting Ukraine, this is an important question.
• In February 2023, we conducted a survey of public attitudes in ten major European countries: France, Germany, the United Kingdom, Estonia, Hungary, Poland, Finland, Sweden, Italy and Spain.
• Our findings suggest that Europeans are (almost) unanimous in blaming Russia for the war and strongly in favour of standing by Ukraine in its war effort.
• Only minorities of respondents are of the opinion that Ukraine should be urged to accept territorial losses that could help end the war, or that economic sanctions against Russia should be lifted. Even in countries where support for Ukraine is lower (Hungary and Italy), or among more sceptical groups, we typically find a majority or plurality on Ukraine's side (or, at worst, we find only a small majority are pro-Russia).
• Regarding NATO, there is no widespread appetite for increasing its presence in eastern Europe (except in Poland and Estonia), and even less support for Ukraine joining the alliance. At least in the eyes of the public, fighting a war in Ukraine is perceived as a goal in itself that does not necessarily elicit broader changes to existing security alliances like NATO.
• Looking ahead, if the gap between the expectations audiences had for the Ukrainian counter-offensive and what it actually delivers is too great, we would expect public support for Ukraine in the conflict to weaken overall.
• If governments wish to keep support levels high, we recommend targeting communications to reach groups we have found to be less supportive. This could include utilizing non-traditional media platforms to reach younger audiences, or members of populist right-wing groups.
Independent relevance of adiposity measures to coronary heart disease risk among 0.5 million adults in UK Biobank
Authors: Trichia Eirini , Malden Debbie E , Jin Danyao , Wright Neil , Taylor Hannah , Karpe Fredrik , Sherliker Paul , Murgia Federico , Hopewell Jemma C , Lacey Ben , Emberson Jonathan , Bennett Derrick , Lewington Sarah 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background
Evidence on body fat distribution shows opposing effects of waist circumference (WC) and hip circumference (HC) for coronary heart disease (CHD). We aimed to investigate the causality and the shape of such associations.

Methods
UK Biobank is a prospective cohort study of 0.5 million adults aged 40–69 years recruited between 2006 and 2010. Adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for the associations of measured and genetically predicted body mass index (BMI), WC, HC and waist-to-hip ratio with incident CHD were obtained from Cox models. Mendelian randomization (MR) was used to assess causality. The analysis included 456 495 participants (26 225 first-ever CHD events) without prior CHD.

Results
All measures of adiposity demonstrated strong, positive and approximately log-linear associations with CHD risk over a median follow-up of 12.7 years. For HC, however, the association became inverse given the BMI and WC (HR per usual SD 0.95, 95% CI 0.93–0.97). Associations for BMI and WC remained independently positive after adjustment for other adiposity measures and were similar (1.14, 1.13–1.16 and 1.18, 1.15–1.20, respectively), with WC displaying stronger associations among women. Blood pressure, plasma lipids and dysglycaemia accounted for much of the observed excess risk. MR results were generally consistent with the observational, implying causality.

Conclusions
Body fat distribution measures displayed similar associations with CHD risk as BMI except for HC, which was inversely associated with CHD risk (given WC and BMI). These findings suggest that different measures of body fat distribution likely influence CHD risk through both overlapping and independent mechanisms.
Barriers and facilitators experienced in delivering alcohol screening and brief interventions in community pharmacy: a qualitative evidence synthesis
Authors: Smith Alexander , Buchanan Ryan , Parkes Julie , Stone Helen , Tan Qian Yue , Ibrahim Kinda 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background
Following increases in deaths due to alcohol during the COVID-19 pandemic, there have been renewed calls to increase resources in alcohol screening and brief intervention (SBI). Research has shown that community pharmacy could be a promising setting for SBI. This review aimed to investigate the barriers and facilitators to SBI delivery in community pharmacy to inform its further development.

Methods
A systematic search of four databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and PsycINFO) was conducted in October 2021 to identify relevant published qualitative or mixed-method studies. Relevant qualitative data were extracted from the included studies and a framework synthesis was performed using the Capability–Opportunity–Motivation–Behaviour (COM-B) model.

Results
Two thousand two hundred and ten articles were screened and nine studies were included in the review (seven in the United Kingdom and two in Australia). Identified barriers and facilitators to delivering SBI corresponded to all components of the COM-B model. Facilitators included non-confrontational communication skills, aligning SBI with existing pharmacy services and pharmacist role legitimacy. Barriers included multiple demands on staff time, a lack of staff experience with screening tools, and staff concerns of causing offence. Using the Behaviour Change Wheel (BCW), we propose five elements of a pharmacy SBI to address identified barriers.

Conclusions
Research into SBI in community pharmacy is limited in comparison to other healthcare settings and this review provides an understanding of the barriers and facilitators to the delivery of SBI in community pharmacy from a behavioural perspective. Through the use of COM-B and BCW, our findings could inform the development of future pharmacy-based SBI.
Fallen Angels and the Christian Body in Tertullian’s On the Veiling of Virgins: A Multispecies Exploration
Authors: Proctor Travis 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Drawing on insights from posthuman theory, this article analyzes the role of fallen angels in Tertullian of Carthage’s On the Veiling of Virgins. In this treatise, Tertullian argues that unveiled virgins stand in danger of sexual attack by fallen angels and must don the veil to protect themselves. I examine how ancient understandings of connections between humans and (fallen) angels undergird Tertullian’s textual logics. I call attention to angels’ (1) hyper-sexual desire for human women, (2) cosmic positioning in the intermediary celestial realm, and (3) gawkish observance of humanity. I outline how each of these aspects of angelic nature serve as key supports for Tertullian’s construction of the human (female) body. I close the article by noting that Tertullian’s invocation of fallen angels likely served to counter the unveiled virgins’ own appeals to (benevolent) angelic corporeality, thus positioning Tertullian’s On Veiling as a kind of “counter-angelology.”
E2/ER signaling mediates the meiotic arrest of goat intrafollicular oocytes induced by follicle-stimulating hormone
Authors: Lu Sihai , Tang Yaju , Yao Ru , Xu Rui , Zhang Hui , Liu Jie , Gao Yan , Wei Qiang , Zhao Xiaoe , Liu Jianpeng , Han Bin , Pan Meng-Hao , Ma Baohua 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The increased production of high-quality oocytes lies at the heart of the search to accelerate the reproduction of high-quality breeding livestock using assisted reproductive technology. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) maintains the arrest of oocyte meiosis during early follicular development in vivo and promotes the synchronous maturation of nucleus and cytoplasm to improve oocyte quality. However, the mechanism by which FSH maintains meiotic arrest in oocytes is still not fully understood. Oocytes spontaneously resume meiosis once released from the arrested state. In this study, we isolated goat antral follicles with a diameter of 2.0–4.0 mm, cultured them in vitro either with or without added FSH, and finally collected the oocytes to observe their meiotic state. The results showed that FSH effectively inhibited the meiotic recovery of oocytes in follicles [4 h: control (n = 84) vs. with FSH (n = 86), P = .0115; 6 h: control (n = 86) vs. FSH (n = 85), P = 0.0308; and 8 h: control (n = 95) vs. FSH (n = 101), P = 0.0039]. FSH significantly inhibited the downregulation of natriuretic peptide receptor 2 (NPR2) expression and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) synthesis during follicular culture in vitro (P &lt; 0.05). Further exploration found that FSH promoted the synthesis of 17β-estradiol (E2) (P = .0249 at 4 h and P = .0039 at 8 h) and maintained the expression of the estrogen nuclear receptor ERβ, but not the estrogen nuclear receptor ERα during follicle culture in vitro (P = .0190 at 2 h, and P = .0100 at 4 h). In addition, E2/ER (estrogen nuclear receptors ERα and ERβ) mediated the inhibitory effect of FSH on the downregulation of NPR2 expression and cGMP synthesis, ultimately preventing the meiotic recovery of oocytes (P &lt; .05). In summary, our study showed that FSH-induced estrogen production in goat follicles, and the E2/ER signaling pathway, both mediated meiotic arrest in FSH-induced goat oocytes.
Associations between polymorphisms in the myostatin gene with calving difficulty and carcass merit in cattle
Authors: Ryan Cliona A , Purfield Deirdre C , Naderi Saeid , Berry Donagh P 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A fully functional myostatin gene inhibits muscle fiber growth. The objective of the present study was to quantify the association between 21 known myostatin mutations with both calving and carcass traits in 12 cattle breeds. The myostatin genotypes of 32,770 dam-progeny combinations were used in the association analysis of calving dystocia, with the genotypes of 129,803 animals used in the mixed model association analyses of carcass weight, conformation, and fat score. The mixed model included additive genetic, maternal, and permanent environmental effects where appropriate. The mutant genotypes of nt821, Q204X, and F94L were all associated (P &lt; 0.01) with more calving difficulty when present in either the dam or the progeny. The nt821 deletion had the greatest association with calving difficulty when the homozygous deletion was present in either the calf (0.37 points greater calving difficulty score relative to calves carrying no copies of the deletion based on a one to four scale) or the dam (1.30 points greater calving difficulty score relative to dams carrying no copies of the deletion), although the association between the calf’s nt821 genotype and calving difficulty differed depending on the nt821 genotype of the dam. With the exception of nt748_78, nt414, and nt374_51, all other seven segregating myostatin variants were associated (range of allele substitution effect size relative to animals with no copies of the mutant allele) with carcass weight (2.36 kg lighter to 15.56 kg heavier), all 10 segregating variants with conformation (0.15 units less conformed to 2.24 units more conformed assessed on a scale of 1 to 15), and all segregating variants other than E226X with carcass fat (0.23 units less carcass fat cover to 3.85 units more carcass fat cover assessed on a scale of 1 to 15). Of these, the F94L, Q204X, and nt821 mutations generally had the greatest association with all three carcass traits, giving rise to heavier and more conformed carcasses. Despite the antagonistic genetic relationship between calving difficulty and carcass traits, the nt374_51, F94L, and E226X mutations were all associated with improved carcass merit while having minimal expected consequences on calving difficulty. Thus, animals carrying these mutation(s) may have favorable genetic merit for calving difficulty and carcass merit. Furthermore, depending on the dam genotype, a bull with two copies of the nt821 mutation can produce progeny with improved carcass merit while minimizing calving problems.
Supplementation of palmitoleic acid improved piglet growth and reduced body temperature drop upon cold exposure
Authors: Feyera Takele , Lashkari Saman , Johannsen Jakob C , Llauradó-Calero Eudald , Zhe Li , Theil Peter K , Jensen Søren K 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Piglet survival is a major challenge in the first few days postpartum and interventions during this period may improve survival and growth. This study investigated the effects of palmitoleic acid (C16:1n-7; PA) supplementation on growth performance, body temperature, fatty acid (FA), and energy metabolism in milk-replacer-fed piglets. Forty-eight piglets were stratified by body weight and randomly assigned to one of four dietary treatments (0%, 1%, 2%, and 3% PA supplementation as a percent of milk replacer) and given the diet through an orogastric tube. They were fed dietary treatments every 2 h for 4 d in the first week postpartum and all were sacrificed at the end of the experiment. The piglets were weighed daily, and half in each dietary treatment group, the same piglets each day, were exposed daily to a lower temperature for 2 h. Plasma samples were collected immediately before sacrifice for analyses of FA and other plasma metabolites. The weight of organs and empty body weight were determined after sacrifice. Liver and semimembranosus muscle tissue samples were collected and analyzed for FA content. Contents of C16:1n-7 and C18:1n-7 in both plasma and liver (P &lt; 0.001), and C16:1n-7 in semimembranosus muscle (P &lt; 0.001) increased linearly as PA supplementation increased. Most plasma FA levels (except C16:1n-7, C16:1n-9, and C22:5n-3) were lower in piglets exposed to lower temperatures than those that were not. Plasma glucose, triglycerides, and lactate dehydrogenase levels increased linearly with PA supplementation (P &lt; 0.001). Piglets’ average daily gain, liver glycogen pool, liver weight, and gallbladder weight increased linearly (P &lt; 0.05, P &lt; 0.01, P &lt; 0.05, and P &lt; 0.001, respectively), but lung weight, liver nitrogen content, and body temperature drop decreased linearly (P &lt; 0.01, P &lt; 0.001, and P &lt; 0.05, respectively) with PA supplementation. Piglets exposed to low temperature had greater liver nitrogen (P &lt; 0.05) and lactate dehydrogenase (P &lt; 0.001) contents but had lower liver weight (P &lt; 0.01) and plasma lactate concentration (P &lt; 0.05) than those that were not. In conclusion, this study demonstrated the importance of PA on the growth performance of the piglets by increasing their average daily gain and decreasing a drop in body temperature upon cold exposure, most likely due to a modified energy metabolism.
Comparing the Efficacy of Diluted Lidocaine Solution and Placebo in Reducing Pain Perception During Burn Wound Dressing Change
Authors: Yousefnezhad Omid , Meskar Hossein , Abdollahi, Amirsaleh , Frouzanian, Mehran , Pahnabi Ali , Faghani-Makrani Nafiseh 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of 0.08% diluted lidocaine solution during and after wound dressing procedures for patients with burn injuries. Fifty burn patients aged 18-60 years, with burns ranging from 30% to 60%, were divided into intervention and control groups. The intervention group received dressings diluted with 0.08% lidocaine solution, while the control group received a placebo. Vital signs were continuously monitored before, during, and after the application of new dressings. Pain was assessed using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) checklist before and after the dressing change in both groups. The study included 25 participants in the intervention group with a mean age of 40.2 ± 6.5 and 25 participants in the control group with a mean age of 39.1 ± 6.8. The groups were comparable in terms of baseline characteristics, including gender, age, weight, height, body mass index, percentage and degree of burns, as well as average morphine intake. No significant differences were observed in vital signs or pain scores before and after dressing changes between the 2 groups. However, the intervention group reported significantly lower pain scores during the dressing change compared to the control group (P &lt; .001). Diluted lidocaine solution during wound dressing procedures can reduce pain in burn patients. Further research with larger sample sizes is needed to establish the safety and efficacy of this technique. This study suggests that lidocaine can be a useful tool in the management of pain during dressing changes for burn patients.
The Short- and Long-Term Outcome Priorities of a Western Australian Adult Burn Population
Authors: Spronk Inge , Wood Fiona M , Fear Mark W , Lansdorp Corine A , Edgar Dale W 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
To optimize patient recovery, understanding which outcomes are most important to burn patients is key. However, research to determine what outcomes are patient priorities is limited. Therefore, we assessed what outcomes are most important to Western Australian burn patients, separately in the short-term (&lt;6 months) and long-term (6-24 months) after injury. Adult patients who had a burn injury 3-36 months ago completed a survey, rating the importance of 36 short- and long-term outcomes. The survey items were ranked according to the number of patients reporting the outcome as “very important.” Results were compared between subgroups based on age, gender, burn size, and number of surgeries. Ninety-three patients were included. In the short-term, “not having a wound infection” (87.1%), “good wound healing” (83.9%), and “walking or moving around” (74.7%) were the most important outcomes. “Lifting or moving something” (67.6%), “walking or moving around” (66.2%), and “being independent” (66.2%) were reported as most important in the long-term. Scar-related outcomes were more important to females and to patients with multiple surgeries; mental health outcomes were priorities for females and patients with major burns; walking and moving around to males and older patients; and social and financial outcomes were rated highly by patients with major burns and multiple surgeries. In conclusion, the most important outcomes were consistent across time periods, indicating the importance of core outcomes in longitudinal follow-up. The wide range of priority outcomes and differences between subgroups underlines the need for multidisciplinary care and a patient-centered approach to support patients.
Diet selection in the Coyote Canis latrans
Authors: Hayward Matt W , Mitchell Carl D , Kamler Jan F , Rippon Paul , Heit David R , Nams Vilis , Montgomery Robert A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Coyote (Canis latrans) is one of the most studied species in North America with at least 445 papers on its diet alone. While this research has yielded excellent reviews of what coyotes eat, it has been inadequate to draw deeper conclusions because no synthesis to date has considered prey availability. We accounted for prey availability by investigating the prey selection of coyotes across its distribution using the traditional Jacobs’ index method, as well as the new iterative preference averaging (IPA) method on scats and biomass. We found that coyotes selected for Dall’s Sheep (Ovis dalli), White-tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus), Eastern Cottontail Rabbit (Sylvilagus floridanus), and California Vole (Microtus californicus), which yielded a predator-to-preferred prey mass ratio of 1:2. We also found that coyotes avoided preying on other small mammals, including carnivorans and arboreal species. There was strong concordance between the traditional and IPA method on scats, but this pattern was weakened when biomass was considered. General linear models revealed that coyotes preferred to prey upon larger species that were riskier to hunt, reflecting their ability to hunt in groups, and were least likely to hunt solitary species. Coyotes increasingly selected Mule Deer (O. hemionus) and Snowshoe Hare (Lepus americanus) at higher latitudes, whereas Black-tailed Jackrabbit (L. californicus) were increasingly selected toward the tropics. Mule Deer were increasingly selected at higher coyote densities, while Black-tailed Jackrabbit were increasingly avoided at higher coyote densities. Coyote predation could constrain the realized niche of prey species at the distributional limits of the predator through their increased efficiency of predation reflected in increased prey selection values. These results are integral to improved understandings of Coyote ecology and can inform predictive analyses allowing for spatial variation, which ultimately will lead to better understandings about the ecological role of the coyote across different ecosystems.
Genetic diversity and complex structure of the European Roe Deer population at a continental scale
Authors: Niedziałkowska Magdalena , Plis Kamila , Marczuk Barbara , Lang Johannes , Heddergott Mike , Tiainen Juha , Danilkin Aleksey , Kholodova Marina , Zvychaynaya Elena , Kashinina Nadezhda , Bunevich Aleksey , Paule Ladislav , Shkvyria Maryna , Šprem Nikica , Kusza Szilvia , Paulauskas Algimantas , Novák Luboš , Kutal Miroslav , Miller Christine , Tsaparis Dimitris , Stoyanov Stoyan , Pokorny Boštjan , Flajšman Katarina , Lavadinović Vukan , Suchentrunk Franz , Krapal Ana-Maria , Dănilă Gabriel , Veeroja Rauno , Jędrzejewska Bogumiła 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Although the European Roe Deer (Capreolus capreolus) is one of the most common and widespread ungulate species in Europe and inhabiting a variety of habitats, few studies have addressed its population structure at a large spatial scale using nuclear genetic data. The aims of our study were to: (i) investigate genetic diversity, level of admixture, and genetic structure across European Roe Deer populations; (ii) identify barriers to gene flow; and (iii) reveal factors that have impacted the observed pattern of population genetic structure. Using 12 microsatellite loci, we analyzed 920 European Roe Deer samples from 16 study sites from northern, southern, central, and eastern Europe. The highest genetic diversity was found in central and eastern sites, and lowest in the northern and southern sites. There were 2 main groups of genetically related populations in the study area—one inhabiting mainly Fennoscandia, and the second in the continental part of Europe. This second population was further divided into 3 to 5 spatially distributed genetic clusters. European Roe Deer belonging to the Siberian mitochondrial DNA clade, inhabiting large parts of eastern Europe, were not identified as a separate population in the analysis of microsatellite loci. No isolation by distance (IBD) was detected between roe deer from the fennoscandian and the continental study sites, but the Baltic Sea was inferred to be the main barrier to gene flow. Only weak IBD was revealed within the continental population. Three lower-level genetic barriers were detected in the western, southern, and eastern parts of the study area. The main factors inferred as shaping the observed genetic diversity and population structure of European Roe Deer were postglacial recolonization, admixture of different populations of the species originating from several Last Glacial Maximum refugial areas, and isolation of several study sites.