bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aminino acid profiles in dogs with chronic renal failure fed two diets
Authors: Hansen Bernie , DiBartola Stephen P. , Chew Dennis J. , Brownie Cavell , Berrie Helen K. 
Published: January 2024

Summary
Amino acid profiles and serum albumin and serum total protein concentrations were evaluated in dogs with renal disease. Nine dogs ranging in age from 1 to 15 years were identified as having mild to moderate chronic renal failure (crf; exogenous creatinine clearance, 0.5 to 2.13 ml/kg of body weight/min). These dogs and a group of 10 clinically normal control dogs, were fed a diet containing 31% protein for 8 weeks, at which time serum and urine imino acid assays and clearance studies were performed. All dogs then were fed a diet containing 16% protein for 3 weeks and then reevaluated.
Chronic renal failure was associated with mild abnormalities in serum concentrations of amino acids. When fed the higher protein diet, dogs with crf had lower serum concentrations of glutamine, leucine, proline, and serine and higher serum concentrations of cystathionine and 3-methylhistidine than clinically normal control dogs. When fed the low protein diet, dogs with crf had lower serum serine concentrations and higher serum concentrations of cystathionine, phenylalanine, and 3-methylhistidine. Urine excretion of amino acids in all dogs on both diets was low, and dogs with crf had lower renal clearances of 3-methylhistidine than control dogs. There were no significant differences in concentrations of serum albumin and total solids between either group, regardless of diet.
We concluded that dogs with mild to moderately severe crf have mild abnormalities of serum free amino acid concentrations, but renal conservation of essential amino acids is not impaired.
Evaluation of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Eperythrozoon suis antibodies in swine
Authors: Hsu Frank S. , Liu M. C. , Chou S. M. , Zachary J. F. , Smith A. R. 
Published: January 2024

Summary
An elisa was developed and tested to detect antibodies to Eperythrozoon suis in swine. Results were compared with those of the indirect hemagglutination (iha) test. Antigen isolated from swine heavily infected with E suis was used for both tests. Comparison of the elisa with the iha test revealed a significant (P < 0.001) correlation between results. Of 114 samples obtained from 9 swine infected with E suis, 87.7% were seropositive (titer ≥ 200) via the elisa, and 80.7% were seropositive (titer ≥ 20) via the iha test. The sensitivity of the elisa was greater than that of the iha test. All blood samples obtained from specific-pathogen-free swine tested negative for E suis antibody. Cross-reactions were not observed between E suis antigen and antisera against various swine and cattle disease agents using elisa. We concluded that the elisa may be used for rapid and effective diagnosis of infection with E suis in swine.
Temporal effects of plasmapheresis on serum proteins in horses
Authors: Magdesian K. G. , Brook D. , Wickler S. J. 
Published: January 2024

Summary
The temporal response of blood and serum proteins to chronic plasmapheresis was determined in 8 horses used in a commercial antibody enterprise. Plasmapheresis of between 4 and 11 L induced significant decreases in total protein, albumin, and IgG values. With the exception of a high hematocrit value for the first postplasmapheresis blood sample, there were no changes in erythrocyte or leukocyte measurements, and no changes in the proportions of serum protein in an electrophoretic profile. Regression equations generated for recovery of proteins after plasmapheresis indicated a return to preplasmapheresis values of total protein and albumin at approximately 1 month. Complications of repeated plasmapheresis were not detected when plasma extractions were done between 7 and 19 times at 30-day intervals.
Efficacy of two formulations of albendazole against liver flukes in cattle
Authors: Craig T. M. , Qureshi T. , Miller D. K. , Wade C. G. , Rogers J. A. 
Published: January 2024

Summary
Albendazole (10 mg/kg of body weight) was administered as a drench suspension or as a feed additive to 24 cattle with naturally acquired infections of Fasciola hepatica and Fascioloides magna. Cattle were euthanatized 16 to 30 days after treatment, and the number of viable flukes was counted. Viable F hepatica and F magna were decreased by 91.4% and 70.6% for drench administration and by 82.9% and 71.9% for the feed additive treatment, respectively. There was no significant difference between the efficacy of the 2 formulations in decreasing viable fluke numbers, compared with untreated controls.
Effects of dialyzable lymph node extracts on lymphoblast proliferative capacity of blood mononuclear cells in cattle with chronic paratuberuclosis
Authors: Kreeger John M. , Snider Theron G. , Olcott Bruce M. 
Published: January 2024

Summary
Dialyzable lymph node extracts (dle) containing transfer factor prepared from calves sensitized to Mycobacterium paratuberculosis and keyhole-limpet hemocyanin (klh) were administered to 4 adult cows with chronic paratuberculosis. Cutaneous delayed hypersensitivity, lymphocyte blastogenesis, monocyte migration-inhibition, and lymphoblast proliferative capacity as a reflection of interleukin-2 (il-2) activity were measured in 2 response to M bovis purified protein derivative, johnin, and klh before and after treatment with DLE. Change in cutaneous delayed hypersensitivity was not evident after DLE treatment. Alterations in histologic features of pre- and posttreatment sections of ileum and mesenteric lymph nodes were not detected. Lymph node extract treatment significantly (P < 0.05) increased il-2 activity and migration-inhibition in response to johnin and klh in vitro. Treatment had no effect on lymphocyte blastogenesis. The data indicate that cattle with chronic paratuberculosis may benefit from dle treatment, by virtue of increased il-2 activity, and that effects of dle are at least partially mediated by an increase in il-2 activity.
Systemic toxicosis associated with azathioprine administration in domestic cats
Authors: Beale Karin Muth , Altman David , Clemmons Roger R. , Bolon Brad 
Published: January 2024

Summary
Five cats were treated with an azathioprine suspension (2.2 mg/kg of body weight on alternate days) and 2 cats were given vehicle (controls) for 9 weeks. Complete blood and platelet counts and serum biochemistry variables were monitored weekly. Bone marrow aspirates were evaluated every 3 weeks, and core bone marrow biopsy was performed at the end of the study. Profound neutropenia (< 600 cells/μl) was observed in all treated cats, and 1 cat developed pancytopenia. Treatment was discontinued if the wbc count was < 3,000 cells/μl. Four weeks after discontinuation of azathioprine, 1 treated cat again was given azathioprine at a lower dosage (1.1 mg of azathioprine/kg on alternate days) and neutropenia recurred within 2 weeks. During treatment, 3 cats developed thrombocytosis, and 2 developed thrombocytopenia. In 4 of 5 cats, neutropenia and thrombocytopenia resolved when azathioprine was discontinued. Bone marrow cytologic examination during treatment revealed reduction of the neutrophil line, with relative increase in monocytes. Core bone marrow biopsy at the completion of the study revealed hypocellular marrow with marked decrease in the myeloid series in cats given azathioprine. One of the cats that was treated with azathioprine had a hypercellular marrow with increased numbers of mature granulocytes and precursors; however, azathioprine had been discontinued 3 weeks prior to biopsy. Alterations in serum biochemical variables were not associated with azathioprine. Two cats that were treated with azathioprine developed respiratory tract infections, and 1 of them was euthanatized during the study.
Evaluation of the dermal effects of cast padding in coaptation casts on dogs
Authors: Swaim Steven F. , Vaughn Dana M. , Spalding Patrick J. , Riddell Kay P. , McGuire John A. 
Published: January 2024

Summary
Three configurations of cast padding and no cast padding were evaluated for their effects on skin in dogs. Padding was placed over bony prominences, between bony prominences, and over both areas for full-length padding under short-limb walking casts applied to 1 pelvic limb of Greyhounds. Evaluations were performed by pressure measurement over the calcaneal tuberosity, measurement of skin thromboxane B2 (TxB2) concentrations in skin over bony prominences, and measurement of plasma TXB2 concentrations.
Pressure studies were performed to evaluate cutaneous pressures related to no cast padding and various configurations of cast padding. Concentrations of TxB2 in the skin were determined to evaluate the skin inflammatory effects of no padding and the padding configurations, and TXB2 concentrations in the plasma were analyzed to ascertain whether they could be used to predict impending dermal pressure lesions.
Flexion of casted limbs revealed the greatest pressure over the calcaneal tuberosity with full-length cast padding. This was followed in decreasing order by no cast padding, padding over the prominences, and padding between the prominences.
Compared with all other bony prominences and padding configurations, TXB2 skin concentrations were significantly higher over the calcaneal tuberosity when no padding was used and over the lateral base of metatarsal V when padding was placed between the prominences. Over the calcaneal tuberosity, this was attributed to the sharpness of the prominence and its potential for movement. This high TxB2 concentration corresponded to the high pressure found in the pressure studies. Over the lateral base of metatarsal V, the increase in TxB2 concentration was related to the mass of the prominence and the tendency for localized padding to settle around the area.
Although the fully padded cast produced the highest pressure over the calcaneal tuberosity in the pressure measurement studies, this form of padding had the lowest TXB2 skin concentrations over this prominence in the 7- day TXB2 measurement studies. This was attributed to compacting of cast padding over time with resultant decrease in pressure over the bony prominence. There were no significant differences in plasma TxB2 concentrations before and after casting.
On the basis of cutaneous pressure measurements and or dermal or plasma TxB2 measurements after short-limb casts had been in place for 7 days, we concluded that absence of cast padding can cause dermal pressure injury over sharp prominences; in some areas, localized cast padding may settle around larger prominences, increase pressure, and potentiate dermal pressure injury; although pressure may be high after applying full-length cast padding, some compacting of the padding occurs, and this provides the best form of padding to prevent dermal pressure injury; and plasma TxB2 concentrations cannot be used to predict impending dermal pressure injury in a coaptation cast.
Pulmonary artery wedge pressure increases with high-intensity exercise in horses
Authors: Manohar Murli 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
Using catheter mounted microtip manometers, right atrial, pulmonary artery, and pulmonary artery wedge pressures were studied in 8 horses while they were standing quietly (rest), and during galloping at treadmill speeds of 8, 10, and 13 m/s. At rest, mean (± sem) heart rate, mean right atrial pressure, mean pulmonary artery pressure, and mean pulmonary artery wedge pressure were 37 (± 2) beats/min, 8 (± 2) mm of Hg, 31 (± 2) mm of Hg, and 18 (± 2) mm of Hg, respectively. Exercise at treadmill belt speed of 8 m/s resulted in significant (P < 0.05) increments in heart rate, right atrial pressure, pulmonary artery systolic, mean, diastolic and pulse pressures, and pulmonary artery wedge pressure. All these variables registered further significant (P < 0.05) increments as work intensity increased to 10 m/s, and then to 13 m/s. Pulmonary artery diastolic pressure was, however, not different among the 3 work intensities. During exercise at belt speed of 13 m/s, heart rate, mean right atrial pressure, mean pulmonary artery pressure, pulmonary artery pulse pressure, and mean pulmonary artery wedge pressure were 213 (± 5) beats/min, 44 (± 4) mm of Hg, 89 (± 5) mm of Hg, 69 (± 4) mm of Hg, and 56 (± 4) mm of Hg, respectively. Assuming mean intravascular pulmonary capillary pressure to be halfway between the mean pulmonary arterial and venous pressures, its value during exercise at 13 m/s may have approached 72.5 mm of Hg. Transmural pressure (intravascular minus alveolar pressure) across pulmonary capillaries may be even higher because of the large negative pleural pressure swings in galloping horses. High transmural pressures may cause stress failure of pulmonary capillaries, resulting in exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage.
Kinetic analysis of D-xylose distribution after intravenous administration to mares
Authors: Ferrante Pamela L. , Freeman David E. , Ramberg Charles F. , Kronfeld David S. 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
Multicompartmental analysis was applied to study the kinetics of D-xylose distribution after IV administration to healthy mares deprived of food for 12 and 96 hours. Urinary excretion of D-xylose was measured over a 15-hour period after administration. The plasma D-xylose concentrations in this study were in the range found after oral tolerance testing. The disposition of D-xylose was described by a two-compartment model with linear kinetic characteristics. Total volume of distribution decreased significantly (P < 0.025) from 0.270 L/kg of body weight after the 12-hour period of food deprivation to 0.235 L/kg after the 96-hour period. Fractional rate of transfer between the central and peripheral compartments did not change after 96 hours without food. Approximately a third of the D-xylose administered was recovered in the urine. Difference in urinary elimination between the 12- and 96-hour periods was not significant. Nonrenal elimination rate was determined to be twice the renal elimination rate.
The results indicated that formal kinetic analysis can provide useful information about D-xylose distribution in horses. The decreased D-xylose space found after a 96-hour period of food deprivation would tend to increase the plasma D-xylose concentration, and this may help in the interpretation of the D-xylose absorption test applied to anorectic horses.
Changes in plasma cortisol, corticotropin, and α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone concentrations in cats before and after physical restraint and intradermal testing
Authors: Willemse Ton , Vroom Margreet W. , Mol Jan A. , Rijnberk Ad 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
In 6 cats, mean ± sem baseline plasma concentrations of cortisol, corticotropin, and α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-msh) were 87 ± 16 nmol/ L, 73 ± 14 ng/L, and 129 ± 12 ng/L, respectively. The cats were subjected to: handling and subsequent skin testing without anesthesia; anesthesia with 50 mg of ketamine HCl and 2.5 mg of diazepam given IV, immediately followed by handling and skin testing; and anesthesia and handling as previously described, but without skin testing. Significant (P <0.05; multivariate analysis for repeated measures) increase in plasma cortisol, corticotropin, and α-msh concentrations was observed until 20 minutes after the start of the experiments in cats undergoing physical restraint and subsequent skin testing with or without preceding anesthesia. These responses were largely abolished when anesthesia with ketamine and diazepam was only followed by handling.
We conclude that, during stress in cats (in contrast to dogs), the pituitary intermediate lobe is activated to secrete α-msh. In addition, the cortisol response after skin testing of cats under anesthesia may be a reasonable explanation for the reported weak skin test reactivity in cats.
Effect of heparin on hemagglutination by pseudorabies virus
Authors: Ohashi Seiichi , Inaba Yuji , Kataoka Jun , Tetsu Nobuhiro , Shibata Isao , Asagi Masayoshi 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
Heparin inhibited hemagglutination (ha) by pseudorabies virus (prv), but not ha by Akabane virus, bovine adenovirus type 7, Fukuoka virus, Getah virus, Japanese encephalitis virus, and parainfluenza virus type 3 belonging to the families Bunyaviridae, Adenoviridae, Rhabdoviridae, Togaviridae, Flaviviidae, and Paramyxoviridae, respectively. The minimal inhibitory concentration of heparin required to inhibit 8 ha U of prv ranged from 0.005 to 0.01 U/ml. Mouse erythrocytes failed to combine with the ha inhibitory factor of heparin. On the other hand, mouse erythrocytes treated with heparinase had greatly reduced agglutinability by prv. Virus-heparin complex formation could be observed by sedimenting heparin with the virus particles.
Measurement of ragweed-specific IgE in canine serum by use of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, containing polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies
Authors: Peng Z. , Simons F. E. R. , Becker A. B. 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
Using polyclonal rabbit and monoclonal mouse anti-dog IgE antibodies, we developed elisa for measurement of ragweed-specific IgE in canine serum. In the elisa, microtitration plates were coated with ragweed extract and sequentially incubated with canine-serum, purified monoclonal or polyclonal anti-dog IgE, and conjugated goat anitbody to mouse IgG or rabbit IgG. Serum ragweed-specific IgE values were measured by the 2 elisa in serum samples from 60 ragweed-allergic dogs and in serum from 10 control dogs. Passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (pca) tests were performed on these sera to compare results with those of the elisa. Mean coefficient of variation between assays was 0.20 ± 0.10 for the assay using the polyclonal antibody and was 0.17 ± 0.10 for that using monoclonal antibody. Sensitivity was 0.6 U/ml for the elisa, using polyclonal antibody, and 2.5 U/ml for the elisa, using monoclonal antibody. Serum ragweed-specific IgE values measured by the 2 elisa strongly correlated with pca titers (P < 0.0000), but the elisa using polyclonal antibody had higher correlation with pca titer (r = 0.84) than the elisa using monoclonal antibody (r = 0.59). The geometric mean ragweed-specific IgE value measured by the 2 elisa and by pca testing, was significantly higher (P < 0.0000). in allergic dogs than in control dogs. The 2 elisa were specific, sensitive, and reproducible for measurement of ragweed-specific IgE in canine serum.
Characterization of cardiac alterations in nonsedated cynomolgus monkeys
Authors: Macallum G. E. , Houston B. J. 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
Spontaneous variations in ECG and continuous Holter monitor recordings of a colony of 31 male and 31 female cynomolgus monkeys were characterized. Electrocardiograms recorded for approximately 1 minute on 2 occasions in nonsedated monkeys were analyzed, and intervals (PR, QRS, and QT), amplitudes (P, Q, R, and T), and heart rate were determined from lead II of these tracings. In addition, Holter moniter recorders were placed on monkeys by use of carrying jackets for 16 to 24 hours of continuous recording twice during the study, and tapes were analyzed. Mean heart rate and intervals and amplitudes were similar for males and females on the first and the second recordings. Mean heart rate for males and females was 232 and 226 beats/min (bpm), respectively. The PR, QRS, and QT interval measurements, 77, 29, and 165 milliseconds, respectively, were recorded for males and 81. 30, and 162 milliseconds, respectively, were recorded for females. The P, Q, R, and T wave amplitudes were 0.16, 0.11, 0.64, and 0.28, mV respectively, for males and were 0.17, 0.10, 0.79 and 0.24 mV, respectively, for females. In addition, ventricular ectopic beats were observed in ECG from 5 females, but not in ECG from the males. Single ventricular ectopic beats were observed in 3 females for either the first or second tracing. One monkey had ectopic beats in both tracings, but in both instances, the number of ectopic beats was low (3 singles in the first and 1 in the second tracing). One monkey had runs of pairs and bigeminal beats in only the first tracing. One monkey had sporadic beats indicative of right bundle branch block morphology in both tracings. In Holter recordings, ventricular ectopic beats were identified in 47 monkeys. Ventricular ectopic beats were observed in only 1 of the 2 Holter monitor tapes for 53% of these monkeys. Most ventricular ectopic beats occurred as single beats, but pairs, ventricular tachycardia, and bigeminy also were observed. Ectopic beats were of a single morphology in 60% of the monkeys, but as many as 4 different morphologies were observed in a single tracing. Sinus arrhythmia or arrest was observed in 66% of the monkeys. Ventricular ectopic beats and sinus arrythmia can occur without apparent cause in clinically normal monkeys. Higher prevalences of these abnormalities are identified by Holter monitoring relative to routine ECG procedures. These variables should be cautiously evaluated, because the lack of proper characterization of monkeys on test may mislead investigators as to the real importance of these findings.
Association between clinical lameness and Borrelia burgdorferi antibody in dairy cows
Authors: Wells S. J. , Trent A. M. , Robinson R. A. , Knutson K. S. , Bey R. F. 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
Results of an elisa, indirect fluorescent antibody (ifa) test, and immunoblot analysis (western blotting) for antibody to Borrelia burgdorferi in a sample of 216 lactating dairy cows were compared. The microscopic microtitration agglutination test for antibody to 6 serovars of Leptospira interrogans was also performed to evaluate possible cross-reactivity between B burgdorferi and L interrogans. Using western blotting as the standard test against which the elisa and ifa test were compared, the elisa had greater sensitivity (50% in summer and 38% in spring) with similar specificity (83 and 82%), compared with the ifa test (sensitivity, 6 and 5%; specificity, 90 and 83%). In addition, seropositivity to B burgdorferi, using the elisa, was not found to be associated with seropositivity to L interrogans serovars.
A matched case-control study evaluating the association between clinical lameness and antibody to B burgdorferi was performed in lactating dairy cows of 17 Minnesota and Wisconsin herds. Sera from case and control cows matched by herd, parity, and stage of lactation were evaluated, using an elisa for B burgdorferi antibody during 2 seasons. High B burgdorferi antibody values were associated with clinical lameness in dairy cows (P = 0.006 in summer and P = 0.04 in spring).