bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surface functionalization affects the retention and bio-distribution of orally administered mesoporous silica nanoparticles in a colitis mouse model
Authors: Schmid Roman , Volcic Meta , Fischer Stephan , Qu Zhi , Barth Holger , Popat Amirali , Kirchhoff Frank , Lindén Mika 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBesides the many advantages of oral drug administration, challenges like premature drug degradation and limited bioavailability in the gastro-intestinal tract (GIT) remain. A prolonged residence time in the GIT is beneficial for enhancing the therapeutic outcome when treating diseases associated with an increased intestinal clearance rate, like inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In this study, we synthesized rod-shaped mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) functionalized with polyethylene glycol (PEG) or hyaluronic acid (HA) and investigated their bio-distribution upon oral administration in vivo. The negatively charged, non-toxic particles showed different accumulation behavior over time in healthy mice and in mice with dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced intestinal inflammation. PEGylated particles were shown to accumulate in the lower intestinal tract of healthy animals, whereas inflammation promoted retention of HA-functionalized particles in this area. Overall systemic absorption was low. However, some particles were detected in organs of mice with DSS-induced colitis, especially in the case of MSN-PEG. The in vivo findings were connected to surface chemistry-related differences in particle adhesion on Caco-2/Raji and mucus-producing Caco-2/Raji/HT29 cell co-culture epithelial models in vitro. While the particle adhesion behavior in vivo was mirrored in the in vitro results, this was not the case for the resorption results, suggesting that the in vitro model does not fully reflect the erosion of the inflamed epithelial tissue. Overall, our study demonstrates the possibility to modulate accumulation and retention of MSNs in the GIT of mice with and without inflammation through surface functionalization, which has important implications for the formulation of nanoparticle-based delivery systems for oral delivery applications.
An interdisciplinary model chain quantifies the footprint of global change on reservoir sedimentation
Authors: Mouris Kilian , Schwindt Sebastian , Pesci María Herminia , Wieprecht Silke , Haun Stefan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractGlobal change alters hydro-climatic conditions, affects land use, and contributes to more frequent droughts and floods. Large artificial reservoirs may effectively alleviate hydro-climatic extremes, but their storage capacities are threatened by sedimentation processes, which in turn are exacerbated by land use change. Envisioning strategies for sustainable reservoir management requires interdisciplinary model chains to emulate key processes driving sedimentation under global change scenarios. Therefore, we introduce a model chain for the long-term prediction of complex three-dimensional (3d) reservoir sedimentation considering concurrent catchment, hydro-climatic, and land-use conditions. Applied to a mountainous Mediterranean catchment, the model chain predicts increased sediment production and decreased discharge for high and medium emission pathways. Increased winter precipitation, accompanied by a transition from snowfall to rainfall, is projected to aggravate reduced summer precipitation, emphasizing a growing need for reservoirs. Additionally, higher winter precipitation proliferates sediment production and reservoir sedimentation. Land use change can outweigh the increased reservoir sedimentation originating from hydro-climatic change, which highlights the significance of localized actions to reduce sediment production. Finally, a 3d hydro-morphodynamic model provides insights into interactions between global change and reservoir sedimentation with spatially explicit information on future sedimentation patterns facilitating the implementation of management strategies.
Anti-inflammatory reprogramming of microglia cells by metabolic modulators to counteract neurodegeneration; a new role for Ranolazine
Authors: Piano Ilaria , Votta Arianna , Colucci Patrizia , Corsi Francesca , Vitolo Sara , Cerri Chiara , Puppi Dario , Lai Michele , Maya-Vetencourt José Fernando , Leigheb Massimiliano , Gabellini Chiara , Ferraro Elisabetta 
Published: November 2023

AbstractMicroglia chronic activation is a hallmark of several neurodegenerative diseases, including the retinal ones, possibly contributing to their etiopathogenesis. However, some microglia sub-populations have anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective functions, thus making arduous deciphering the role of these cells in neurodegeneration. Since it has been proposed that functionally different microglia subsets also rely on different metabolic routes, we hypothesized that modulating microglia metabolism might be a tool to enhance their anti-inflammatory features. This would have a preventive and therapeutic potential in counteracting neurodegenerative diseases. For this purpose, we tested various molecules known to act on cell metabolism, and we revealed the anti-inflammatory effect of the FDA-approved piperazine derivative Ranolazine on microglia cells, while confirming the one of the flavonoids Quercetin and Naringenin, both in vitro and in vivo. We also demonstrated the synergistic anti-inflammatory effect of Quercetin and Idebenone, and the ability of Ranolazine, Quercetin and Naringenin to counteract the neurotoxic effect of LPS-activated microglia on 661W neuronal cells. Overall, these data suggest that using the selected molecules -also in combination therapies- might represent a valuable approach to reduce inflammation and neurodegeneration while avoiding long term side effects of corticosteroids.
Uncertainty analysis on flood routing of embankment dam breach due to overtopping failure
Authors: Yang Miaofan , Cai Qian , Li Zhuo , Yang Jiangui 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe breach risk of reservoir dam exists objectively while exerting benefits. There is great uncertainty in the overtopping breach process of embankment dam and the dam break flood routing which affects the accuracy of dam risk analysis and may cause unnecessary waste in emergency scheduling. However, the uncertainty analysis of the breach process and its consequence is currently inadequate. Therefore, a stratified sampling Monte Carlo method is proposed to simulate uncertain overtopping breach flood of embankment dams. The main sources of uncertainty are analyzed and determined as uncertain dam breach and flood routing processes. The uncertain breach process of dam is studied by presenting a sensitive study between 3 mechanism breach models and 5 parametric breach models. The random dam breach process is restored using HEC-RAS semi-empirical breach model by estimating breach characteristics through multiple common breach models. The random flood routing is carried out through 1D–2D coupled unsteady flow analysis in which the random breach process is adopted as an upper inflow boundary condition. According to the case study results, though parameters have been controlled in a limited range, the flood routing results in the early stage of dam overtopping failure present greater uncertainty. As the flood progresses further downstream, the uncertainty will gradually decrease. This study could serve as a reference for dam breach risk map making.
Trio-binning of a hinny refines the comparative organization of the horse and donkey X chromosomes and reveals novel species-specific features
Authors: Jevit Matthew J. , Castaneda Caitlin , Paria Nandina , Das Pranab J. , Miller Donald , Antczak Douglas F. , Kalbfleisch Theodore S. , Davis Brian W. , Raudsepp Terje 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWe generated single haplotype assemblies from a hinny hybrid which significantly improved the gapless contiguity for horse and donkey autosomal genomes and the X chromosomes. We added over 15 Mb of missing sequence to both X chromosomes, 60 Mb to donkey autosomes and corrected numerous errors in donkey and some in horse reference genomes. We resolved functionally important X-linked repeats: the DXZ4 macrosatellite and ampliconic Equine Testis Specific Transcript Y7 (ETSTY7). We pinpointed the location of the pseudoautosomal boundaries (PAB) and determined the size of the horse (1.8 Mb) and donkey (1.88 Mb) pseudoautosomal regions (PARs). We discovered distinct differences in horse and donkey PABs: a testis-expressed gene, XKR3Y, spans horse PAB with exons1–2 located in Y and exon3 in the X–Y PAR, whereas the donkey XKR3Y is Y-specific. DXZ4 had a similar ~ 8 kb monomer in both species with 10 copies in horse and 20 in donkey. We assigned hundreds of copies of ETSTY7, a sequence horizontally transferred from Parascaris and massively amplified in equids, to horse and donkey X chromosomes and three autosomes. The findings and products contribute to molecular studies of equid biology and advance research on X-linked conditions, sex chromosome regulation and evolution in equids.
Experiments in micro-patterned model membranes support the narrow escape theory
Authors: Meiser Elisabeth , Mohammadi Reza , Vogel Nicolas , Holcman David , Fenz Susanne F. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe narrow escape theory (NET) predicts the escape time distribution of Brownian particles confined to a domain with reflecting borders except for one small window. Applications include molecular activation events in cell biology and biophysics. Specifically, the mean first passage time $$\bar{\tau }$$

τ

¯

can be analytically calculated from the size of the domain, the escape window, and the diffusion coefficient of the particles. In this study, we systematically tested the NET in a disc by variation of the escape opening. Our model system consisted of micro-patterned lipid bilayers. For the measurement of $$\bar{\tau }$$

τ

¯

, we imaged diffusing fluorescently-labeled lipids using single-molecule fluorescence microscopy. We overcame the lifetime limitation of fluorescent probes by re-scaling the measured time with the fraction of escaped particles. Experiments were complemented by matching stochastic numerical simulations. To conclude, we confirmed the NET prediction in vitro and in silico for the disc geometry in the limit of small escape openings, and we provide a straightforward solution to determine $$\bar{\tau }$$

τ

¯

from incomplete experimental traces.
Gold nanoparticles decorated with monosaccharides and sulfated ligands as potential modulators of the lysosomal enzyme N-acetylgalactosamine-6-sulfatase (GALNS)
Authors: Buco Francesca , Matassini Camilla , Vanni Costanza , Clemente Francesca , Paoli Paolo , Carozzini Cosimo , Beni Alice , Cardona Francesca , Goti Andrea , Moya Sergio Enrique , Ortore Maria Grazia , Andreozzi Patrizia , Morrone Amelia , Marradi Marco 
Published: November 2023

Modulation of N-acetylgalactosamine-6-sulfatase (GALNS) activity is a promising tool for treating metabolic disorders, neuropathic pain, and cancer. Gold nanoparticles coated with sugar and sulfated ligands were prepared and assayed for this purpose.
Cytokine activity in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Dzamko Nicolas 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The contribution of the immune system to the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative Parkinson’s disease (PD) is increasingly being recognised, with alterations in the innate and adaptive arms of the immune system underlying central and peripheral inflammation in PD. As chief modulators of the immune response, cytokines have been intensely studied in the field of PD both in terms of trying to understand their contribution to disease pathogenesis, and if they may comprise much needed therapeutic targets for a disease with no current modifying therapy. This review summarises current knowledge on key cytokines implicated in PD (TNFα, IL-6, IL-1β, IL-10, IL-4 and IL-1RA) that can modulate both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory effects. Cytokine activity in PD is clearly a complicated process mediated by substantial cross-talk of signalling pathways and the need to balance pro- and anti-inflammatory effects. However, understanding cytokine activity may hold promise for unlocking new insight into PD and how it may be halted.
An energy consumption minimization resource allocation strategy in satellite‐terrestrial communication networks
Authors: Wang Yin , Gui Kang'An 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn this letter, a joint route selection and time‐slot allocation problem is formulated in a satellite‐terrestrial communication system. An optimization problem that minimizes the total system energy consumption is proposed to solve the formulated problem. Two algorithms, including a multi‐time‐expanding graph‐based maximum transmission rate route (MTEG‐R) selection algorithm and a minimum system energy consumption ‐ Dijkstra (MSEC‐D) algorithm, are proposed to find the optimal route and time‐slot for data transmission, and simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.
TSDet: A new method for traffic sign detection based on YOLOv5‐SwinT
Authors: Qian Yue Jing , Wang Bo 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn real scenarios, accurate and real‐time detection of traffic signs is of great significance to the automatic driving system. To meet the requirements of detection accuracy and speed, a new traffic sign detection method based on YOLOv5 and Swin‐Transformer is proposed in this paper. First, based on the traditional Focus structure, a lightweight shallow information enhancement module is designed. Second, to enhance the channel weights of useful information, an adjustable channel attention mechanism is proposed. Additionally, a Cross Stage Partial module based on Swin‐Transformer is designed to capture contextual information around traffic signs, thereby improving the detection accuracy of small‐scale traffic signs. Finally, to better fuse deep semantic features and shallow detail features, an adaptive feature fusion method is proposed. To verify the superiority of the proposed method, experimental verification was carried out on TT100K and DFG traffic sign detection datasets, and their mAP, AP50 and FPS were (75.3, 94.8, 82) and (79.7, 85.9, 118), respectively. The experimental results show that the proposed traffic sign detection method has high accuracy and real‐time performance, and can meet the needs of traffic sign detection in the actual scene.
Design and implementation of isolated multilevel inverter with lower number of circuit devices
Authors: Abbas Ahmed , Siddique Marif Daula , Islam Shirazul , Iqbal Atif 
Published: November 2023

AbstractGalvanic isolation is an integral part for the grid connected solar PV system. With the advancement of multilevel inverters for the grid‐connected application, the multilevel inverters having isolation are not sufficiently discussed in the literature. Here, a 15‐level isolated multilevel inverter topology requiring only 13 switches is proposed. The proposed single‐phase isolated converter requires reduced switches to generate 15‐level ac output voltage with voltage gain of 7. Comparatively, the switches connected in the proposed converter undergo less voltage stress as compared to the MLIs reported in the literature. A comparison of the proposed converter structure to the state‐of‐the art MLIs described in the literature is included. The experimental results captured on a low‐power laboratory prototype are used to validate the performance of the proposed converter. The claimed efficiency of the converter calculated using simulation results is found to be 97.1%. However, the efficiency calculated using experimental results is 95.2% at 700 W.
Nuclear spin ratios of deuterated ammonia in prestellar cores
Authors: Harju J. , Pineda J. E. , Sipilä O. , Caselli P. , Belloche A. , Wyrowski F. , Riedel W. , Redaelli E. , Vasyunin A. I. 
Published: November 2023

Context. Molecules containing two or more hydrogen or deuterium atoms have different nuclear spin states which behave as separate chemical species. The relative abundances of these species can give clues to their origin. Formation on grains is believed to yield statistical spin ratios whereas gas-phase reactions are predicted to result in clear deviations from them. This is also true for ammonia and its deuterated forms NH2D, NHD2, and ND3.
Aims. Here we aim to determine the ortho/para ratios of NH2D and NHD2 in dense, starless cores, where their formation is supposed to be dominated by gas-phase reactions.
Methods. The Large APEX sub-Millimeter Array (LAsMA) multibeam receiver of the Atacama Pathfinder EXperiment (APEX) telescope was used to observe the prestellar cores H-MM1 and Oph D in Ophiuchus in the ground-state lines of ortho and para NH2D and NHD2. The fractional abundances of these molecules were derived employing three-dimensional radiative transfer modelling, using different assumptions about the abundance profiles as functions of density. We also ran gas-grain chemistry models with different scenarios concerning proton or deuteron exchanges and chemical desorption from grains to find out if one of these models can reproduce the observed spin ratios.
Results. The observationally deduced ortho/para ratios of NH2D and NHD2 are in both cores within 10% of their statistical values 3 and 2, respectively, and taking 3 σ limits, deviations from these of about 20% are allowed. Of the chemistry models tested here, the model that assumes proton hop (as opposed to full scrambling) in reactions contributing to ammonia formation, and a constant efficiency of chemical desorption, comes nearest to the observed abundances and spin ratios.
Conclusions. The nuclear spin ratios derived here are in contrast with spin-state chemistry models that assume full scrambling in proton donation and hydrogen abstraction reactions leading to deuterated ammonia. The efficiency of chemical desorption strongly influences the predicted abundances of NH3, NH2D, and NHD2, but has a lesser effect on their ortho/para ratios. For these the proton exchange scenario in the gas is decisive. We suggest that this is because of rapid re-processing of ammonia and related cations by gas-phase ion-molecule reactions.
Origin of the broadband emission from the transition blazar B2 1308+326
Authors: Pandey Ashwani , Kushwaha Pankaj , Wiita Paul J. , Prince Raj , Czerny Bożena , Stalin C. S. 
Published: November 2023

Context. Transition blazars exhibit a shift from one subclass to the next during different flux states. It is therefore crucial to study them to understand the underlying physics of blazars.
Aims. We probe the origin of the multi-wavelength emission from the transition blazar B2 1308+326 using the ∼14-year long γ-ray light curve from Fermi and the quasi-simultaneous data from Swift.
Methods. We used the Bayesian block algorithm to identify epochs of flaring and quiescent flux states and modelled the broadband spectral energy distributions (SEDs) for these epochs. We employed the one-zone leptonic model in which the synchrotron emission causes the low-energy part of the SED and the high-energy part is produced by the inverse-Compton (IC) emission of external seed photons. We also investigated its multi-band variability properties and γ-ray flux distribution, and the correlation between optical and γ-ray emissions.
Results. We observed a historically bright flare from B2 1308+326 across the optical to γ-ray bands in June and July 2022. The highest daily averaged γ-ray flux was (14.24 ± 2.36) × 10−7 ph cm−2 s−1 and was detected on 1 July 2022. For the entire period, the observed variability amplitude was higher at low (optical/UV) energies than at high (X-ray/γ-ray) energies. The γ-ray flux distribution was found to be log-normal. The optical and γ-ray emissions are well correlated with zero time lag. The synchrotron peak frequency changes from ∼8 × 1012 Hz (in the quiescent state) to ∼6 × 1014 Hz (in the flaring state), together with a decrease in the Compton dominance (the ratio of IC to the synchrotron peak luminosities), providing a hint that the source transitions from a low-synchrotron peaked blazar (LSP) to an intermediate-synchrotron peaked blazar (ISP). The SEDs for these two states are well fitted by one-zone leptonic models. The parameters in the model fits are essentially consistent between both SEDs, except for the Doppler-beaming factor, which changes from ∼15.6 to ∼27 during the transition.
Conclusions. An increase in the Doppler factor might cause both the flare and the transition of B2 1308+326 from an LSP to an ISP blazar.
The ALMA-ALPINE [CII] survey: Kennicutt-Schmidt relation in four massive main-sequence galaxies at z  ∼  4.5
Authors: Béthermin M. , Accard C. , Guillaume C. , Dessauges-Zavadsky M. , Ibar E. , Cassata P. , Devereaux T. , Faisst A. , Freundlich J. , Jones G. C. , Kraljic K. , Algera H. , Amorín R. O. , Bardelli S. , Boquien M. , Buat V. , Donghia E. , Dubois Y. , Ferrara A. , Fudamoto Y. , Ginolfi M. , Guillard P. , Giavalisco M. , Gruppioni C. , Gururajan G. , Hathi N. , Hayward C. C. , Koekemoer A. M. , Lemaux B. C. , Magdis G. E. , Molina J. , Narayanan D. , Mayer L. , Pozzi F. , Rizzo F. , Romano M. , Tasca L. , Theulé P. , Vergani D. , Vallini L. , Zamorani G. , Zanella A. , Zucca E. 
Published: November 2023

Aims. The Kennicutt-Schmidt (KS) relation between the gas and the star formation rate (SFR) surface density (Σgas − ΣSFR) is essential to understand star formation processes in galaxies. To date, it has been measured up to z ∼ 2.5 in main-sequence galaxies. In this Letter our aim is to put constraints at z ∼ 4.5 using a sample of four massive main-sequence galaxies observed by ALMA at high resolution.
Methods. We obtained ∼0.3″-resolution [CII] and continuum maps of our objects, which we then converted into gas and obscured SFR surface density maps. In addition, we produced unobscured SFR surface density maps by convolving Hubble ancillary data in the rest-frame UV. We then derived the average ΣSFR in various Σgas bins, and estimated the uncertainties using a Monte Carlo sampling.
Results. Our galaxy sample follows the KS relation measured in main-sequence galaxies at lower redshift, and is slightly lower than the predictions from simulations. Our data points probe the high end both in terms of Σgas and ΣSFR, and gas depletion timescales (285–843 Myr) remain similar to z ∼ 2 objects. However, three of our objects are clearly morphologically disturbed, and we could have expected shorter gas depletion timescales (≲100 Myr) similar to merger-driven starbursts at lower redshifts. This suggests that the mechanisms triggering starbursts at high redshift may be different than in the low- and intermediate-z Universe.
Les syndromes myasthéniques congénitaux avec anomalies cinétiques du récepteur à l’acétylcholine
Authors: Islam Kediha Mohamed , Tazir Meriem , Sternberg Damien , Eymard Bruno , Ali Pacha Lamia 
Published: November 2023

Les syndromes myasthéniques congénitaux (SMC) sont des affections génétiquement et phénotypiquement très hétérogènes responsables d’un déficit de la transmission neuromusculaire. Les formes dites post-synaptiques sont les plus fréquentes des SMC, et parmi elles, le déficit en récepteur à l’acétylcholine (low expressor) est le mécanisme physiopathologique le plus souvent en cause. Les SMC avec anomalies cinétiques du récepteur à l’acétylcholine sont beaucoup plus rares et à l’origine de tableaux cliniques à l’issue parfois dramatique. On en dénombre deux types : le syndrome du canal lent et le syndrome du canal rapide. Leur diagnostic et leur prise en charge thérapeutique sont spécifiques à chaque type. Dans ce travail, nous détaillerons leurs aspects phénotypiques respectifs en les illustrant par les observations de trois familles algériennes.