bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Organische Azide – explodierende Vielfalt bei einer einzigartigen Substanzklasse
Authors: Bräse Stefan , Gil Carmen , Knepper Kerstin , Zimmermann Viktor 
Published: August 2005

AbstractSeit der Entdeckung der organischen Azide vor über einhundertvierzig Jahren durch Peter Grieß wurde eine Reihe von Synthesen für diese energiereichen Moleküle entwickelt. In letzter Zeit haben sich völlig neue Perspektiven durch Anwendungen in der Peptidchemie, der kombinatorischen Chemie und der Heterocyclensynthese ergeben. Auf dem interdisziplinären Gebiet zwischen Chemie, Biologie, Medizin und Materialwissenschaften nehmen organische Azide inzwischen einen wichtigen Raum ein. In diesem Aufsatz werden die Grundzüge der Azid‐Chemie dargelegt und aktuelle Entwicklungen auf diesem Gebiet beleuchtet. Der Schwerpunkt liegt dabei auf Cycloadditionen (Huisgen‐Reaktion), Aza‐Ylidchemie und der Synthese von Heterocyclen. Weitere Reaktionen wie die Aza‐Wittig‐Reaktion, Sundberg‐Umlagerung, Staudinger‐Ligation, Boyer‐ und Boyer‐Aubé‐Umlagerung, Curtius‐Umlagerung, Schmidt‐Umlagerung sowie die Hemetsberger‐Umlagerung zeugen von der Vielfältigkeit moderner Azid‐Chemie.
Organic Azides: An Exploding Diversity of a Unique Class of Compounds
Authors: Bräse Stefan , Gil Carmen , Knepper Kerstin , Zimmermann Viktor 
Published: August 2005

AbstractSince the discovery of organic azides by Peter Grieß more than 140 years ago, numerous syntheses of these energy‐rich molecules have been developed. In more recent times in particular, completely new perspectives have been developed for their use in peptide chemistry, combinatorial chemistry, and heterocyclic synthesis. Organic azides have assumed an important position at the interface between chemistry, biology, medicine, and materials science. In this Review, the fundamental characteristics of azide chemistry and current developments are presented. The focus will be placed on cycloadditions (Huisgen reaction), aza ylide chemistry, and the synthesis of heterocycles. Further reactions such as the aza‐Wittig reaction, the Sundberg rearrangement, the Staudinger ligation, the Boyer and Boyer–Aubé rearrangements, the Curtius rearrangement, the Schmidt rearrangement, and the Hemetsberger rearrangement bear witness to the versatility of modern azide chemistry.
Plasma zinc concentrations of mothers and the risk of nonsyndromic oral clefts in their children: A case‐control study in the Philippines
Authors: Tamura Tsunenobu , Munger Ronald G. , Corcoran Christopher , Bacayao Jocelyn Y. , Nepomuceno Buena , Solon Florentino 
Published: August 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDFindings from animal experiments suggest a link between poor maternal zinc status and increased risk of oral clefts in offspring; however, there are few human studies on this issue.METHODSA case‐control study was conducted using 74 case mothers of children with nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL/P,n= 57) or cleft palate alone (CP,n= 17), and 283 control mothers of unaffected children recruited in the Philippines in early 2003. Maternal zinc status was assessed by determining plasma zinc concentrations a mean of 5 years after delivery of the index child. Odds ratios (ORs) of estimates of the relative risk of oral clefts were calculated for quartiles of maternal plasma zinc concentrations.RESULTSThe mean plasma zinc concentration of CL/P case mothers (9.6 ± 1.2, SD μmol/l) was significantly lower than that in control mothers (10.1 ± 1.6 μmol/l;P< 0.05). Low plasma zinc concentrations (<11.0 μmol/l) were found in 88% and 94% of CL/P and CP case mothers, respectively, and in 72% of controls (P< 0.05). The ORs for CL/P and CP combined, adjusted for potential confounding factors, decreased with increasing quartile of plasma zinc as follows: 1.0 (lowest quartile reference), 0.83 (95% confidence interval 0.37–1.89), 0.70 (0.31–1.68), and 0.26 (0.10–0.70) (Ptrend = 0.008).CONCLUSIONSLow plasma zinc concentrations were common in Filipino women of reproductive age, and higher plasma zinc concentrations were associated with a lower risk for oral clefts in their children. Birth Defects Research (Part A), 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Chemiluminescence during rice seed imbibition at different temperatures
Authors: Chen Wen Li , Xing Da , Wijk Roeland Van 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe chemiluminescence (CL) of rice (Oryza sativa L.) seeds at different temperatures and the CL spectra of rice seed, caryopses and seed coat were studied during early imbibition. Compared with the CL of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) seeds, the CL of rice seeds had a non‐linear, logarithmic‐like increase of intensity in the temperature range 30–50°C. The Van't Hoff coefficient Q10 = IT+10/IT was equal to 2. The emission spectrum of whole rice seed, rice and coat had a greater proportion of red light during early imbibition, which led to the conclusion that the CL of rice seed during early imbibition arises partially from enzyme‐catalysed reactions. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sensitive determination of synephrine by flow‐injection chemiluminescence
Authors: Li Qian , Huang Chengzhi , Huang Yuming 
Published: August 2005

AbstractIt was found that light emission produced by the oxidation of luminol by potassium ferricyanide in basic medium was enhanced by synephrine, an anti‐obesity drug. The optimum conditions for this chemiluminescent reaction were studied in detail in a flow injection system and employed in a new, simple and rapid method for the determination of synephrine. A mechanism for this reaction is proposed, based on the chemiluminescence reaction spectra. In the optimum conditions, CL intensity is proportional to concentration of synephrine in the 0.008–1 µg/mL range. The limit of detection is 1.6 ng/mL for synephrine (3σ), and the relative standard deviation (n = 11) is 2.6% for 0.5 µg/mL synephrine. The method was applied to the determination of synephrine in herbal products, citrus fruit and biological fluids. The recoveries were satisfactory (90–102%). The results given by the proposed method are in good agreement with those given by HPLC‐UV. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Simultaneous measurement of superoxide generation and intracellular calcium ion of neutrophil‐like culture cells
Authors: Satozono Hiroshi , Kazumura Kimiko , Okazaki Sigetoshi , Hiramatsu Mitsuo 
Published: August 2005

AbstractWe have developed a novel method for simultaneously measuring fluorescence and chemiluminescence. The generation of superoxide anion and the intracellular Ca2+ ion concentration of neutrophil‐like cells stimulated by agonists were measured in real time by our method. Our results were in agreement with the intracellular signalling in the neutrophils. We also found that the presence of Zn2+ ion inhibited both the generation of superoxide anion and the influx of Ca2+ ions. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Determination of paeoniflorin in rat plasma by a liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry method coupled with solid‐phase extraction
Authors: Wang Qiao , Yang Hanyu , Liu Weina , Feng Xiaolong , Zhang Lantong , Li Yanling , Bi Kaishun , Guo Dean 
Published: August 2005

AbstractA rapid, sensitive and selective liquid chromatography–tandem spectrometry method was developed and validated for determination of paeoniflorin in rat plasma using geniposide as the internal standard. The samples were pretreated with solid‐phase extraction using Extract‐Clean™ cartridges. Separation of paeoniflorin and IS was achieved on a reversed‐phase C18 column (50 × 4.6 mm i.d.) with a mobile phase made up of acetonitrile and 0.05% formic acid (25:75, v/v) at a flow rate of 0.5 mL/min. Detection was carried out on a triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometer by multiple‐reaction monitoring and an electrospray ionization source was employed as the ionization source. The lower limit of quantification obtained was 4 ng/mL (n = 6) using 200 µL plasma with an accuracy of −3.67% (relative error) and a precision of 4.13% (relative standard deviation). A good linearity was found in the range of 4–1000 ng/mL. The intra‐ and inter‐day relative standard deviations in the measurement of quality control samples 10, 150 and 800 ng/mL ranged from 3.73 to 4.94% and from 4.31 to 6.56%, respectively. The accuracy was from −3.93 to −1.11% in terms of relative error. The analyte and IS were stable in the battery of stability studies. This method was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study of paeoniflorin after a single oral administration of 53.36 mg/kg paeoniflorin to rats. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Utilization of Self‐Sorting Processes To Generate Dynamic Combinatorial Libraries with New Network Topologies
Authors: Saur Isabelle , Scopelliti Rosario , Severin Kay 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe synthesis of water‐soluble, organometallic macrocycles is described. They were obtained by self‐assembly in reactions of the half‐sandwich complexes [{Ru(C6H5Me)Cl2}2], [{Ru(p‐cymene)Cl2}2], [{Rh(Cp)Cl2}2], and [{Ir(Cp*)Cl2}2] with the ligand 5‐dimethylaminomethyl‐3‐hydroxy‐2‐methyl‐4‐(1H)‐pyridone in buffered aqueous solution at pH 8. The structure of the Ru–(p‐cymene) complex was determined by single‐crystal X‐ray crystallography. Upon mixing, these complexes undergo scrambling reactions to give dynamic combinatorial libraries. In combination with structurally related complexes based on amino‐methylated 3‐hydroxy‐2‐(1H)‐pyridone ligands, an exchange of metal fragments but no mixing of ligands was observed. This self‐sorting behavior was used to construct dynamic combinatorial libraries of macrocycles, in which two four‐component sub‐libraries are connected by two common building blocks. This type of network topology influences the adaptive behavior of the library as demonstrated in selection experiments with lithium ions as the target.
Time‐resolved fluorescent chirality sensing and imaging of malate in aqueous solution
Authors: Lin Zhihong , Wu Meng , Wolfbeis Otto S. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractChiral discrimination of malates in aqueous solutions at near‐neutral pH is achieved through fluorescence measurement and imaging using the europium–tetracycline complex (EuTc) as a fluorescent probe. The method is based on the significantly different fluorescence properties of the ternary complexes (Eu–Tc–malate) formed between EuTc and the enantiomeric malates. The enantiomeric excess (ee) of chiral malates can be quantified by both steady‐state and time‐resolved fluorescence, using either a conventional fluorescence microplate reader or fluorescence imaging. It offers a facile and sensitive method for high‐throughput chiral discrimination. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Chirality 17:464–469, 2005.
An eutomer/distomer ratio near unity does not justify non‐enantiospecific assay methods in bioequivalence studies
Authors: García‐Arieta Alfredo , Abad‐Santos Francisco , Rodríguez‐Martínez M. Angeles , Varas‐Polo Yolanda , Novalbos Jesús , Laparidis Nikos , Gallego‐Sandín Sonia , Orfanidis Kyriakos , Torrado Juan 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe aim of the present investigation was to compare the pharmacokinetics of two tablet formulations of 600 mg of racemic ibuprofen obtained using enantiospecific and non‐enantiospecific assays, in order to explore if chiral assays should be employed in bioequivalence studies of chiral active substances. The stereoselective assay showed that, for both formulations, there was an initial phase where (R)‐ibuprofen was the predominant enantiomer followed by a final phase where (S)‐ibuprofen was the predominant one. Results from both analytical methods proved that the two formulations were bioequivalent. However, the chiral bioanalytical method detected a larger difference in the eutomer than that showed by the nonchiral bioanalytical method. In conclusion, although the exposure ratios of enantiomers are near unity, the measurement of unresolved ibuprofen alone is not an adequate measure of bioequivalence since it may mask the actual difference in the eutomer exposure among formulations. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Chirality 17:470–475, 2005.
Carcinoids of the pancreas
Authors: Soga Jun 
Published: August 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe aim of the current study was to clarify the actual clinicopathologic status of extremely rare pancreatic carcinoids. To date, statistical evaluation of such carcinoids has been hampered because an insufficient number of cases has prevented any reliable statistical analyses.METHODSThe Niigata Registry for Gut–Pancreatic Endocrinomas contains a total number of 156 cases of pancreatic carcinoids among 165 endocrinocarcinomas registered worldwide. This figure of 156 cases comprises 144 typical and 12 atypical carcinoids, which were compared statistically with carcinoids in other representative sites, according to various clinicopathologic criteria.RESULTSPancreatic carcinoids made up 1.4% of the total number of registered cases (n = 11,343) and were characteristic in the following five ways. 1) They exhibited a high metastatic rate (66.7%), somewhat lower than that for the ileocecum (76.1%), identical to that for the ileum (66.9%), and far higher than that for the total average of 35.7%. 2) They displayed the largest average tumor size (68.6 mm), followed by that for the ovary (68.2 mm), and ileocecum (46.5 mm) against a total average of 30.2 mm. 3) They revealed a relatively high incidence of the carcinoid syndrome (23.3%), almost equal to that for the ileocecum (24.1%), and exceeded by that for the small intestine (35.8%), when compared with that for the total average of 11.0%. 4) They showed a high rate of immunohistochemical detection for serotonin (92.9%), lower than that for the testicle (100.0%), but higher than the total average of 54.9%. 5) Five‐year survival rate was extremely low (28.9% ± 16.7%) compared with those for the appendix (89.7% ± 2.0%) and the small intestine (82.1% ± 3.3%). It was noteworthy that silver impregnations in the pancreatic carcinoid series indicated a result identical to that for the total average: Grimelius argyrophilia, 84.8% versus 85.4%; argyrophil cell type, 59.1% versus 58.5%; and argentaffin cell type, 22.7% versus 22.3%.CONCLUSIONIt may be said that in the treatment of patients with pancreatic carcinoids, appropriate procedures should be carried out with these distinguishing characteristics always kept in mind. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Chemotherapy with rituximab followed by high‐dose therapy and autologous stem cell transplantation in patients with mantle cell lymphoma
Authors: Thieblemont Catherine , Antal Daciana , Lacotte‐Thierry Laurence , Delwail Vincent , Espinouse Daniel , Michallet Anne‐Sophie , Traulle Catherine , Bouafia‐Sauvy Fadhela , Giraud Christine , Salles Gilles , Guilhot François , Coiffier Bertrand 
Published: August 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe authors evaluated the efficacy of chemotherapy combined with rituximab followed by high‐dose therapy (HDT) plus autologous stem cell transplantation in patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).METHODSThis was a retrospective analysis of 34 patients who were treated in 2 departments of hematology, including 29 patients (85%) who received first‐line treatment. Rituximab was administered as 4 injections just before harvest in 25 patients (73%) or simultaneously with chemotherapy in 9 patients (27%). HDT included total body irradiation in 26 patients (77%).RESULTSAfter induction therapy, all patients except one reached a response: There were 14 (41%) complete responses (CR) and 19 (56%) partial responses (PR). Stem cell harvest was successful in all patients but 2, with a median number of 5.9 CD34‐positive cells per 106/kg. Three months after transplantation, 24 patients (71%) were in CR, and 7 patients (21%) were in PR. At 3 years from the day of transplantation, the estimated overall survival was 87%. With a median follow‐up at 2.6 years, the estimated median time to disease progression was 3.4 years. Rituximab treatment before harvest did not delay hematopoietic reconstitution: The median time it took patients to recover absolute neutrophil count to > 0.5 G/L was 10 days.CONCLUSIONSChemotherapy combined with rituximab followed by HDT improved the overall survival and progression‐free survival in patients MCL without adding toxicities. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Efficacy and tolerability of aprepitant for the prevention of chemotherapy‐induced nausea and emesis over multiple cycles of moderately emetogenic chemotherapy
Authors: Herrstedt Jørn , Muss Hyman B. , Warr David G. , Hesketh Paul J. , Eisenberg Peter D. , Raftopoulos Harry , Grunberg Steven M. , Gabriel Munir , Rodgers Anthony , Hustad Carolyn M. , Horgan Kevin J. , Skobieranda Franck ,   on behalf of the Aprepitant Moderately Emetogenic Chemotherapy Study Group
Published: August 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDAn aprepitant (APR) regimen was evaluated for prevention of nausea and emesis due to moderately emetogenic chemotherapy (MEC) over multiple cycles.METHODSThe authors performed a randomized, double‐blind study. Eligible patients with breast carcinoma were naïve to emetogenic chemotherapy and treated with cyclophosphamide alone or with doxorubicin or epirubicin. Patients were randomized to receive either an APR regimen (Day 1: APR 125 mg, ondansetron [OND] 8 mg, and dexamethasone [DEX] 12 mg before chemotherapy and OND 8 mg 8 hrs later; Days 2–3: APR 80 mg every day) or a control regimen (Day 1: OND 8 mg and DEX 20 mg before chemotherapy and OND 8 mg 8 hrs later; Days 2–3: OND 8 mg twice per day). Data on nausea, emesis, and use of rescue medication were collected. The primary end point was the proportion of patients with a complete response (CR; no emesis or use of rescue therapy) in Cycle 1. Efficacy end points for the multiple‐cycle extension were the probabilities of a CR in Cycles 2–4 and a sustained CR rate across multiple cycles.RESULTSOf 866 patients randomized, 744 (85.9%) entered the multiple‐cycle extension, and 650 (75.1%) completed all 4 cycles. Overall, the CR was greater with the APR regimen over the 4 cycles: 53.8% versus 39.4% for Cycle 2, 54.1% versus 39.3% for Cycle 3, and 55.0% versus 38.4% for Cycle 4. The cumulative percentage of patients with a sustained CR over all 4 cycles was greater with the APR regimen (P = 0.017).CONCLUSIONSThe APR regimen was more effective than a control regimen for the prevention of nausea and emesis induced by MEC over multiple chemotherapy cycles. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Prognostic diversity among cytogenetic abnormalities in myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia
Authors: Tefferi Ayalew , Dingli David , Li Chin‐Yang , Dewald Gordon W. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDApproximately 30–50% of patients with myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia (MMM) demonstrate detectable cytogenetic abnormalities, the prognostic value of which has not been completely defined by previous retrospective studies. The current prospective study addresses this issue in the context of currently accepted independent prognostic variables.METHODSThe current study is a single institution study in which patients with MMM were accrued between January 2000 and August 2001 and followed in a prospective fashion. All study patients underwent bone marrow examination with cytogenetic studies as well as comprehensive clinical and laboratory evaluation at the time of karyotype analysis.RESULTSAmong the study cohort of 81 patients (with a median age of 61 years; 54 males), the cytogenetic findings were normal in 44 patients (54%; Group 1). The remaining 37 patients (46%) demonstrated either interstitial deletions involving the long arm of chromosome 13 or 20 (9 patients; Group 2) or other abnormalities (28 patients; Group 3). All study patients were followed prospectively for a minimum of 40 months (range, 40–55 months). Survival from the time of karyotypic analysis was found to be similar between Groups 1 and 2 but was significantly worse in Group 3. Furthermore, none of the patients in Group 2 experienced leukemic transformation, whereas five patients each from the other two groups did. Multivariate analysis identified an unfavorable cytogenetic profile (Group 3), ≥ 1% circulating blasts, a hemoglobin level of <10 g/dL, and constitutional symptoms as adverse prognostic features for overall survival.CONCLUSIONSSpecific cytogenetic lesions in patients with MMM might carry an independent prognostic effect for both survival and the risk of leukemic transformation. Such information should assist in decision making when considering aggressive treatment approaches. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Green marketing philosophy: a study of Spanish firms with ecolabels
Authors: Chamorro Antonio , Bañegil Tomás M. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe current work attempts to highlight the importance of there being a true corporate commitment towards protecting the environment behind any green communication – i.e., that ecological awareness should be one of the values determining organizational culture. This implies that green marketing should be understood not solely as an activity, but also as a philosophy.In the first part of the article, we discuss the difficulty in measuring the environmental culture of a firm and we propose a series of indicators for this purpose. In the second part, we apply these indicators to the Spanish industrial firms that have at least one ecolabelled product, with a view to deciding whether ecolabels are used as simple sales pitch or, in contrast, there really exists a company behind them with a true environmental culture. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Dynamic bandwidth recycle algorithm for OVSF–CDMA systems
Authors: Wu Peng‐Jung , Lee Chung‐Nan 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThis paper presents a dynamic bandwidth recycle algorithm in the downlink of a WCDMA system using orthogonal variable spreading factor codes (OVSF). It consists of a bandwidth recycle algorithm and a bandwidth reservation algorithm. The bandwidth recycle algorithm is used to recycle bandwidth from current serviced connections when the system does not have enough available bandwidth to support a bandwidth request. The bandwidth reservation algorithm is used to reduce transmission delay caused by suddenly increasing bandwidth requests. Four traffic classes, conversational, streaming, interactive, and background classes, defined by universal mobile telecommunication system (UMTS) are considered. Simulation results show that the bandwidth utilization and block rate are improved, the bandwidth guaranteed to conversational and streaming classes are protected, and the delay time of interactive and background classes are kept under an acceptable value even when the traffic load is heavy. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.