bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prechallenge Antibodies: Moderators of Infection Rate, Signs, and Symptoms in Adults Experimentally Challenged With Rhinovirus Type 39
Authors: Alper Cuneyt M. , Doyle William J. , Skoner David P. , Buchman Craig A. , Seroky James T. , Gwaltney Jack M. , Cohen Sheldon A. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractThis study determined the influence of serum neutralizing antibody titers on infection rate, symptom manifestations, and provoked signs and pathophysiologies in adults experimentally exposed to rhinovirus type 39(RV‐39). Antibody status was determined for 151 healthy volunteers who were then cloistered in a hotel for 6 days. At the end of the first cloister day, the volunteers were challenged with RV‐39 in a median tissue culture infective dose of 100. On each of the 6 days, a nasal examination was performed, symptoms were scored, and objective tests of nasal mucociliary function, nasal airway patency, secretion production, and middle ear pressures were completed. Both subjects and investigators were blinded to the prechallenge serum homotypic antibody titers of the subjects.Four subjects presented with a wild virus and were excluded from the analysis. Of the 147 included subjects, prechallenge serum antibody titers to RV‐39 were low (under 2) in 56 subjects, intermediate (2 to 8) in 51 subjects, and high (above 16) in 40 subjects. The high‐titer group was significantly different from the low‐titer group with respect to viral shedding, symptom load, subjective extent of illness, and secretion production, as well as in the frequency of subjects with abnormal nasal mucociliary clearance and positive middle ear pressures. The study results document that for experimental RV‐39 exposure, high levels of homotypic serum neutralizing antibody titers are associated with protection from infection and a lessened degree of disease expression, but not with a reduction of otologic complications.Laryngoscope, 106:1298‐1305, 1996
Laryngeal Activity During Swallow, Phonation, and the Valsalva Maneuver: An Electromyographic Analysis
Authors: McCulloch Timothy M. , Perlman Adrienne L. , Palmer Phyllis M. , Van Daele Douglas J. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractTo better understand the mechanisms of airway protection during swallow, the authors of this study performed an electromyographic (EMG) analysis on the thyroarytenoid (TA) and interarytenoid (IA) muscles during a variety of tasks. The tasks included high, low, and comfortable pitch phonation, the Valsalva maneuver, saliva swallow, and 5‐and 10‐mL water swallows. Raw EMG signals were analyzed to obtain root mean square data, which correspond to a relative magnitude of muscle activation.The data show that both TA and IA muscles generate a similar level of relative activation, with the greatest electrical activity observed during swallow tasks followed by the Valsalva maneuver and phonation. The duration, onset, offset, and pattern of activity during the swallowing tasks also showed close synchronization between the two muscles. These data can be used in designing therapy for voice disorders and pharyngeal dysphagia.
Objective Assessment of Snoring Before and After Laser‐Assisted Uvulopalatoplasty
Authors: Walker Regina Paloyan , Gatti William M. , Poirier Nancy , Davis Jason S. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractLaser‐assisted uvulopalatoplasty (LAUP) is an outpatient staged surgical procedure for the treatment of snoring. Each patient undergoes a series of procedures with the end point being patient and bed partner satisfaction in most cases.The purpose of this study was to objectively evaluate the frequency, pattern, and volume of snoring in patients prior to and following each LAUP procedure. A sonographic device, SNAP®, which records oronasal respiration, was used to assess patients at home. A digital analysis of the frequency, pattern, and volume was then performed.Twenty‐seven patients have been completely evaluated with this recording device. The findings demonstrate that the LAUP procedure alters the snoring sound. The maximum, average, and velumlike respiratory noise loudness all showed a statistically significant decrease when comparing the preoperative snoring to the final recording after treatment was completed. In addition, the fundamental frequency of the snoring increased significantly after each LAUP procedure. No change was seen in the snoring index following treatment. These objective results correlated well with the subjective responses of the patients and their bed partners. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that the LAUP procedure alters snoring in a favorable manner by both objective data and subjective accounts.
MRI Evaluation of Vocal Fold Paralysis Before and After Type I Thyroplasty
Authors: Bryant Nancy Jones , Gracco L. Carol , Sasaki Clarence T. , Vining Eugenia 
Published: November 2003

AbstractMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a useful modality for three‐dimensional evaluation of laryngeal anatomy. The authors present data on patients with unilateral vocal fold paralysis both before and after type I thyroplasty for medialization. Videoendoscopic and acoustic measures were obtained. MRI was performed preoperatively and postoperatively. Three‐dimensional descriptive parameters were established to assess implant location. As well, vocal and endoscopic assessment were used to determine a successful result. Magnetic resonance images of two patients with satisfactory results were compared with images and vocal analysis of two dissatisfied patients. Use of MRI after type I thyroplasty provides additional information about implant location that can help determine the cause of poor results.
Asymmetry in the Nasal Mucociliary Transport Rate
Authors: Nuutinen Juhani 
Published: November 2003

AbstractSeveral methods have been devised for measuring the nasal mucociliary transport rate (N‐MTR), but only one side of the nose has usually been studied. This study was conducted to determine whether there are side‐to‐side differences in N‐MTR. A radioisotopic method was used to investigate 185 patients with various respiratory symptoms. Bilateral measurements were performed in the 111 patients with an N‐MTR of under 7 mm per minute.In 16 healthy control subjects, the N‐MTR ranged from 5.0 to 14.6 mm per minute (mean: 7.8 mm per minute) in the better nostril and from 1.2 to 11.0 mm per minute (4.3 mm per minute) in the poorer nostril (P<.001). In the 111 patients, the N‐MTR ranged from 0.0 to 12.0 mm per minute (3.5 mm per minute) in the better nostril and from 0.0 to 9.5 mm per minute (1.7 mm per minute) in the poorer nostril (P<.001). In the control subjects, the mean N‐MTR was better (P=.011) in the decongested nostril. Even when the N‐MTR was less than 5 mm per minute on the first measured side, it was normal on the opposite side in 18.9% of patients and in 18.8% of control subjects. The author concluded that if the N‐MTR is impaired in one nostril, it should also be measured in the opposite nostril.
Differential Effects of Retinoic Acid and N‐(4‐hydroxyphenyl)retinamide on Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells
Authors: Eicher Susan A. , Lotan Reuben 
Published: November 2003

AbstractBoth retinoic acid (RA) and the synthetic retinoid N‐(4‐hydroxyphenyl)retinamide (4HPR) have shown efficacy in head and neck cancer chemoprevention trials. To compare their activity and mechanism of action, the 1483 oral head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cell line was grown in organotypic culture, an in vitro system that allows cellular stratification and simulates carcinoma in situ, and was exposed to 10 μmol/L of either RA or 4HPR. Extensive apoptosis, as evidenced by in situ deoxyribonucleic acid end‐labeling, occurred in 4HPR‐treated cultures after 9 days, with >80% cell loss (P<.001). In contrast, the growth of cultures treated with RA was inhibited by only 32%, with no evidence of apoptosis. Because 4HPR has low systemic toxicity and is a potent inducer of apoptosis in HNSCC cells, its role in chemoprevention of head and neck cancers, including cancers that are resistant to RA‐induction therapy, warrants further investigation.
Update: Laryngeal Reinnervation for Unilateral Vocal Cord Paralysis With the Ansa Cervicalis
Authors: Zheng Hongliang , Li Zhaoji , Zhou Shuimiao , Cuan Yi , Wen Wu 
Published: November 2003

AbstractEight patients underwent ansa cervicalis anastomosis to the adductor branch of the recurrent laryngeal nerve for unilateral vocal cord paralysis. They were followed long enough (at least 1 year) to determine if the procedure was successful. All cases have been subjected to preoperative and postoperative voice recording, acoustic analysis, and videolaryngoscopy. Some of them have been subjected to stroboscopy and electromyography (EMG). Data from these cases indicate that satisfactory phonatory quality may be achieved after the procedure. The reinnervated vocal cord neither abducted nor adducted, but it presented itself in midline for precise apposition with the normal cord. Synchronous mucosal waves in both vocal cords could be observed. EMG showed that the procedure produced satisfactory reinnervation of the adductory muscles. Therefore, the authors believe that the procedure could be proposed as an alternative to Teflon injection or thyroplasty in selected cases.
Effectiveness of Surgical Management of Epistaxis at a Tertiary Care Center
Authors: Barlow Darryk W. , Deleyiannis Frederic W.‐B. , Pinczower Eric F. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractA retrospective review is presented of 44 consecutive patients requiring hospitalization for epistaxis at a tertiary care center. The study had the following objectives:1.to identify predictors of surgical treatment, and2.to compare the effectiveness of different surgical treatments. Length of stay, complications, and cost analysis are also presented. Eighteen patients were successfully treated nonsurgically, whereas 26 patients received surgical treatment. Posterior epistaxis (P<0.05) and an admission hematocrit less than 38% (P<0.05) were significant predictors of surgical treatment. The rebleed rate after first surgical therapy was 33% for embolization, 33% for endoscopic cautery, and 20% for ligation. Since embolization, ligation, and endoscopic cautery may have nearly equivalent failure rates, other factors, such as cost and institutional expertise, should guide the selection of surgical treatment.
Osteosarcoma of the Head and Neck: Meta‐analysis of Nonrandomized Studies
Authors: Kassir Ramtin R. , Rassekh Christopher H. , Kinsella John B. , Segas John , Carrau Ricardo L. , Hokanson James A. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractTo assess the role of adjuvant therapy in the treatment of osteogenic sarcoma of the head and neck, treatment and survival information from 173 patients with osteosarcoma of the head and neck was entered into a database. A meta‐analysis of the data was attempted with primary emphasis on the effect of adjuvant therapy on disease outcome. The overall 5‐year survival was 37%. Patients with mandibular and maxillary tumors had similar survival rates; both groups fared significantly better than patients with extragnathic tumors (P<0.001). Treatment with surgery alone was associated with significantly longer survival rates (P<0.03) than surgery with adjuvant therapy. In the majority of patients reported, information about surgical margins was not available. For this reason, the differences may not adequately represent the effect of adjuvant therapy. While there have been encouraging results with adjuvant treatment protocols for long bone osteosarcoma, the ultimate role of radiation and chemotherapy in the management of osteosarcoma of the head and neck remains unproven. Nevertheless, we recommend that adjuvant therapy be considered due to the poor prognosis in osteosarcoma of the head and neck.
Low‐Dose Intratympanic Gentamicin and the Treatment of Meniere's Disease: Preliminary Results
Authors: Driscoll Colin L. W. , Kasperbauer Jan L. , Facer George W. , Harner Stephen G. , Beatty Charles W. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractThe most disabling symptom for most patients with unilateral Meniere's disease is vertigo. Eradication of the diseased end organ is effective in eliminating the vertigo. Labyrinthectomy remains the “gold standard”; unfortunately, residual hearing is sacrificed to obtain this end. The purpose of this study is to evaluate low‐dose intratympanic gentamicin for the control of vertigo and for the preservation of hearing. A single dose of gentamicin(10‐80 mg) was injected into the middle ear space of 23 patients with unilateral Meniere's disease as an office procedure. Eighty‐four percent of the patients had no episodes of vertigo during the last 6 months of follow‐up. Pure tone average and word discrimination scores were unchanged as a group. Ninety‐five percent of patients had a hearing loss at 6 and 8 kHz that averaged 7.5 dB. Caloric function was reduced in 93%. Low‐dose intratympanic gentamicin is a safe, simple, office procedure that is effective in controlling the definitive vertiginous episodes in most patients with unilateral Meniere's disease. Control of vertigo can be obtained with preservation of hearing.
Ketorolac Tromethamine and Hemorrhage in Tonsillectomy: A Prospective, Randomized, Double‐Blind Study
Authors: Bailey Richard , Sinha Christopher , Burgess Lawrence P.A. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractKetorolac tromethamine (KT) is a nonsteroidal, antiinflammatory analgesic. Its nonsedating property makes it an attractive analgesic for sleep apnea patients undergoing uvulopharyngopalatoplasty, but its antiplatelet activity makes the potential for postoperative hemorrhage a concern. A prospective, randomized, double‐blind study was designed to evaluate the bleeding risk of KT using adult tonsillectomy patients as the model. Patients were randomized into two groups receiving Meperidine (MP) (controls) or KT for the first post‐operative day. Posttonsillectomy bleeding rates of 7% (3/43) in the MP group and 18.9% (7/37) in the KT group were demonstrated, but this difference was not statistically significant. The number of KT doses administered had no effect on the incidence of bleeding or the number of cases requiring return to the operative suite for hemostasis. Although this study did not attain statistical significance, the trend towards increased hemorrhage with KT is worrisome. This study and other reports in the literature support the manufacturer's warning that the use of KT is contraindicated in major surgery.
Hydrogen Peroxide in Acute Otitis Media in Guinea Pigs
Authors: Takoudes Thomas G. , Haddad Joseph 
Published: November 2003

AbstractEvidence has emerged that oxygen free radicals contribute to middle‐ear mucosa damage in acute otitis media (AOM). Streptococcus pneumoniae is the most common pathogen in AOM and produces hydrogen peroxide, a free radical intermediate, as it grows. To better characterize the mechanism of free radical damage in AOM, an experiment was conducted to examine the production of hydrogen peroxide.Thirty‐two guinea pigs were injected transtym‐panically with bacteria in the left (infected) middle ear and sterile saline into the right (control) middle ear. Middle‐ear fluid was removed and analyzed for quantity of hydrogen peroxide. Results indicated significantly greater hydrogen peroxide levels in infected versus control middle‐ear fluid at 6, 12, and 24 h. Likely sources of hydrogen peroxide include both the neutrophil response to infection and pneumococcal growth and death.
Medial Microflap for Excision of Benign Vocal Fold Lesions
Authors: Courey Mark S. , Garrett C. Gaelyn , Ossoff Robert H. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractThe goal of microlaryngeal surgery is to treat the pathology while preserving or improving vocal function. The medial microflap technique was thus developed. An incision is made over or abutting the lesion, which is then dissected from the vocal ligament and overlying mucosa. Seventeen patients underwent medial microflap excision of their lesions. Postoperative videostroboscopic examinations revealed the presence of mucosal wave and improved glottic closure in 15 of the 17 patients. Acoustic and perceptual analyses revealed improved voice quality. The medial technique is a modification of the previously described lateral microflap technique. Patients whose stroboscopic examination implies lack of involvement of the vocal ligament are candidates for this technique. By identifying normal histologic planes without extensive dissection, lesions can be excised with minimal interruption of vibratory mechanics.
Middle Ear Pressure Variation: Effect of Nitrous Oxide
Authors: Chinn Kathleen , Brown Orval E. , Manning Scott C. , Crandell Carl C. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractPrevious studies examining middle ear pressure changes due to inhalant anesthesia, including nitrous oxide, have cited equivocal results. An investigation was performed to closely monitor changes in middle ear pressure during middle ear surgery. Baseline tympanometry was performed before anesthesia, and middle ear pressure was then documented in 1‐min time intervals. A total of 97 subjects were studied; 51 received nitrous oxide and halothane, and 46 received halothane alone. Results indicate that nitrous oxide causes significantly greater pressure fluctuations than halothane alone. There were no effects for time of surgery, type of fluid, or baseline. Pressure fluctuation was attributed to eustachian tube function. Case studies are presented to demonstrate subject variability, and suggestions for validation study procedures are presented.
Lipomas of the Internal Auditory Canal
Authors: Greinwald John H. , Lassen Lorenz F. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractLipomas of the internal auditory canal (IAC) are rare, benign neoplasms occurring in the third to fifth decade of life predominately in Caucasian males. Eleven cases of IAC lesions have been previously reported; we report four more. Two of four cases showed atypical findings on preoperative radiographic evaluation. These two patients had surgery. Two patients with small tumors elected for observation with close follow‐up. Fat suppression of T1‐weighted images on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) offers the most precise preoperative diagnostic tool of IAC lipomas. Because of the infiltrative nature of these tumors, hearing conservation surgery is unlikely to succeed. We recommend observation for those patients with small tumors and serviceable hearing.
Tumor Necrosis Factor During Experimental Lipopolysaccharide‐Induced Otitis Media
Authors: DeMaria Thomas F. , Murwin Debra M. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractStudies in our laboratory and others have indicated that endotoxin is present in a high percentage of human middle ear effusions, including those that are culture negative. Endotoxin has been identified as one of the most potent inducers of tumor necrosis factor (TNF), but this relationship has not been investigated in regard to the pathogenesis of otitis media. The purpose of this study was to determine whether endotoxin induces the production of TNF in the middle ear. Otitis media was induced in chinchillas by the injection of isolated lipopolysaccharide and middle ear fluids (MEFs) and serum harvested and assayed for TNF content by means of a cytolytic assay using L‐929 cells and the Cell Titer 96 assay (Promega, Madison, WI). The MEF pools' TNF concentration ranged from 200 to 1,100 pg/mL MEF. Serum pools did not contain any detectable TNF. The results of the present study suggest that endotoxin induces TNF production locally in the middle ear cleft, which may contribute to the pathogenesis of otitis media via any number of established inflammatory pathways.
Age‐Related Changes of the Globular Substance in the Otoconial Membrane of Mice
Authors: Suzuki Hideaki , Ikeda Katsuhisa , Takasaka Tomonori 
Published: November 2003

AbstractThe globular substance, which occurs in the vestibular macula as a precursor of otoconia, was examined in aged mice in comparison with young adult mice. Dissected otoconial membrane from the utricular macula of C57BL/6J mice was loaded with fluo‐3‐AM, and directly observed under a confocal laser scanning microscope. Internal free Ca2+ concentration([Ca2+]i) of the globular substance was determined through in situ calibration performed by superfusion with ionomycin and Mn2+. Total area of the otoconial membrane, average diameter of the globular substance, and [Ca2+]i showed no significant differences between young adult and aged groups. However, the number of globular substances in young adult mice was significantly larger than those of aged mice. These results suggest a reduced rate of otoconial formation in the aged vestibule, which would result in the sparseness of otoconia in the aged vestibule and lead to balance disorders commonly seen in elderly persons.
Evaluation of Swallowing Safety With Fiberoptic Endoscope: Comparison With Videofluoroscopic Technique
Authors: Chih‐Hsiu Wu , Tzu‐Yu Hsiao , Jiann‐Chyuan Chen , Yeun‐Chung Chang , Shiann‐Yann Lee 
Published: November 2003

AbstractVideofluoroscopy has long been viewed as the “gold standard” of swallowing examination for the comprehensive information it provides. However, it is not very efficient and accessible in some practical situations. In this study, we tried to use a modified technique of fiberoptic endoscopic examination of swallowing (FEES) in evaluating dysphagic patients. For each examination, a spoonful of pudding and dyed water were fed in sequence three times. The pharyngeal swallowing events were observed with fiberscope panoramically and videotaped. Twenty‐eight chronic dysphagic patients underwent both videofluoroscopy and FEES in 2 weeks. Comparison of the results revealed that disagreements in premature oral leakage to the pharynx, pharyngeal stasis, laryngeal penetration, aspiration, effective cough reflex, and velopharyngeal incompetence were 39.3%, 10.7%, 14.3%, 14.3%, 39.3%, and 32.1%, respectively. FEES was found to be more sensitive in detecting these risky features of swallowing, except with respect to premature leakage. Possible causes of the discrepant results are discussed, and the limitation of videofluoroscopy in practical usage is discussed. FEES is conclusively a safer, more efficient, and sensitive method than videofluoroscopy in evaluating swallowing safety.
Necrotizing External Otitis in Patients with AIDS
Authors: Ress Bradford D. , Luntz Michal , Telischi Fred F. , Balkany Thomas J. , Whiteman Michelle L. H. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractIn a retrospective review of seven patients with AIDS who were diagnosed with necrotizing external otitis between 1990 and 1995, it was found that the presentation of necrotizing external otitis in patients with AIDS differed from the classic description of malignant external otitis in several respects. The patient population was significantly younger and nondiabetic. Granulation tissue was usually absent from the external auditory canal and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was not the predominant pathologic organism. Also, outcome was found to be significantly worse. Thus a high index of suspicion must be entertained and vigorous local and systemic treatment initiated early in the course of disease to achieve a satisfactory outcome.