bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Employment Security at DEC: Sustaining Values amid Environmental Change
Authors: Kochan Thomas A , Macduffie John Paul , Osterman Paul 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the 1960s and 1970s, a number of highly visible firms gained a reputation for innovative and progressive employment security policies by departing from the standard practice of reducing their work forces through layoffs in response to demand fluctuations. Instead these firms adopted an implicit or explicit commitment to employment security (Dyer, Foltman, & Milkovich, 1985; Foulkes & Whitman, 1985; McKersie, Greenhalgh, & Gilkey, 1985). Some attributed the choice of these policies to the strong values of their founders or chief executives (Foulkes, 1980). Others suggested that these policies were well matched to their firm’s strategic needs, given their rapid growth (Dyer et al., 1985; Kochan & Barocci, 1985). Undoubtedly both values and strategic factors played important roles in sustaining commitments to employment continuity.
Ecumenical Political Tolerance
Authors: Perry Michael J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Ecumenical political dialogue is not possible with everyone, of course; or, if possible in some weak or trivial sense, it cannot be productive with everyone. Although we should be wary of a priori generalizations about the categories of persons with whom dialogue is not possible (or cannot be productive)-why not in concrete situations give dialogue a chance?-it seems fair to say that dialogue is difficult with those who reject the relevant authoritative norms and impossible with those who utterly lack the virtues or habits of character and mind prerequisite to such dialogue. With particular reference to Nazis (or neo-Nazis) and members of the Klu Klux Klan, David Loch head has written that “there are some individuals and groups who are not capable of dialogue Certain groups and individuals behave in a way that continually subverts the dialogical process. The problem is not that we could have dialogue with these groups but choose not to. The problem is that dialogue itself is not possible.”1 Moreover, even with those with whom dialogue is possible and can be productive, dialogue does not always or even often eventuate in agreement. (Indeed, as I argued in chapter 6, ecumenical political dialogue should not always end in agreement; agreement is not the true test or measure of the success of such dialogue.) Often dialogue runs out before agreement is reached. Or even if it has not run out, dialogue often fails to achieve agreement before a political choice has to be made-before, for example, a vote has to be case for or against a proposed policy choice.
Principles And Parameters Of Syntactic Saturation
Authors: Webelhuth Gert 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This work represents the first full­ scale attempt to provide a restrictive theory of parameters­ ­ the nature and limits of syntactic variation. Focusing on syntactic saturation, Webelhuth hypothesizes that in natural language these phenomena are subject to the “Saturation Condition.” He explains the principles behind this condition and demonstrates how it imposes strong constraints on what counts as a possible parameter in natural language. Webelhuth goes on to test this theory against empirical evidence from seven modern Germanic languages: German, Dutch, English, Swedish, Norwegian, Danish, and Icelandic.
Basic Word Order
Authors: Webelhuth Gert 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The remainder of the book will apply the theory of morphosyntax presented in Chapter 1 to selected problems in the analysis of the seven modern Germanic languages: German, Dutch, English, Norwegian, Swedish, Danish, and Icelandic. Its goal is to demonstrate that it is possible to give an insightful account of some of the major properties of these languages without resorting to any language­ particular tools beyond those already proposed.
The Distribution of Finite Argument Clauses
Authors: Webelhuth Gert 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Having fixed the major directionality parameters of Germanic, we now turn our attention to the distribution and internal make­ up of finite argument clauses. We will again follow the strategy of deriving the cross­ linguistically uniform properties of these clauses from hypothesized universal aspects of sentence structure and the idiosyncratic ones from the effects of parameters. We will see that the universal projection function and the constraints on parameters inherent in the Saturation Condition leave their characteristic marks on the syntax of argument clauses as well.
The Netherlands
Authors: Noam Eli 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Historically, the Netherlands has been a center for transportation, insurance, banking, and trade. The port of Rotterdam is the largest in the world and a major hub for the oil business. Much of the extensive European Rhine and Meuse barge traffic reaches Holland through inland shipping. In addition, the country accounts for a quarter of international trucking within the EEC (PTT Telecommunicatie, 1983). Holland is also the headquarters for three of the largest multinational companies in the world-Shell, Philips, and Unilever. In 1980, the sum of the country’s imports and exports was 60 percent higher than its entire GNP, a ratio five to six times higher than that of the United States or Japan, and twice as high as those of other European countries (Wieland, 1986).
Sweden
Authors: Noam Eli 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Televerket, Sweden’s telecommunications operator, has long pursued an effective technological and social agenda while creating a vertical integration that reached into equipment manufacture. No statutory monopoly exists and the introduction of competition was accomplished smoothly. The market reality is one of Televerket dominance, given its managerial effectiveness and its political support. Aggressive rivalry from a well-connected small rival, Comvik, and a move toward partial privatization of Televerket promise to make Swedish telecommunications one of the more interesting scenes of network evolution.
Norway
Authors: Noam Eli 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Norwegian state telegraph company was established in 1855, four years after the first telegraph line was installed. The telephone was introduced in 1880 by the International Bell Telephone Company. Within a year, Bell established local franchises in Oslo and Drammen. A second private system was launched in the capital to compete with the Bell System, but the two were combined in 1886 into the Christiana Telephone Company when the vigorous competition between them yielded what municipal officials deemed were counterproductive results. The city government thus committed itself to a role in the development of Oslo’s communications system and retained a share in the new company (Holcombe, 1911).
Iceland
Authors: Noam Eli 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Iceland is a prime example of a country suffering from the diseconomies of small scale. Its telecommunications are constrained by the country’s basic realities: Its rugged terrain is sparsely populated by only a quarter of a million people; its remote geographic location requires advanced international communications; and it Jacks an electronics industry. It is difficult even to imagine competitive telecommunications in Iceland. Yet by the same logic of scale, the integration of parts of Icelandic telecommunications with the larger systems of its frequent Nordic partners would be conceivable.
The International Organizations of Telecommunications
Authors: Noam Eli 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
From the inception of early postal systems, communications were a highly international affair. The checkered map of central Europe usually permitted alternative postal routes and thus made intergovernmental agreements desirable. As postal administrations evolved throughout Europe, they prioritized the maintenance of stable international arrangements as a central policy concern. Rooted in this tradition, “integration” and “harmonization” achieved importance in the value system of PTfs beyond purely technical needs. They led to international organizations, one of whose important function was to shore up internationally the domestic arrangements and to anchor national monopolies in an international cartel arrarigement. These international organizations worked very successfully to coordinate the old order. Not surprisingly, they were not particularly well-suited to be vehicles for reform. Given their traditional role, as well as their control by traditional PTfs, change was not initiated by the international organizations of telecommunications, but essentially outside and even despite them. Of course, the international organizations served useful functions as fora for discussion and as structures to channel change.
Transatlantic Trade Friction
Authors: Noam Eli 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Developments in the United States challenged the traditional status quo in the European telecommunications field, threatening its traditional postal-industrial coalition. For a long time, European interpretation of U.S. developments was colored by the prevailing views of telecommunications experts, most of whom were closely affiliated with the traditional system. The AT&T divestiture itself was generally described as advantageous to AT&T: It was dropping the costly baggage of the regulated operating companies and could now take on IBM.
The Economics of ISDN Integration
Authors: Noam Eli 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) is a major development priority of many European PTTs and equipment manufacturers. It is also one of those subjects at once complex, obscure, and important. Deterred by the dense technological jargon that surrounds ISDN, only a few social scientists, let alone commentators or politicians, have ventured near the subject (Schiller, 1984). Similarly, there has been no public discussion. Instead, decisions on this major infrastructure investment were made almost entirely outside the public view by engineering bureaucracies in government and established equipment manufacturing firms. This is not to say that the basic concept of ISDN is flawed as a matter of technology or policy. (The author, while serving as a member of the New York State Public Service Commission, was supportive of the concept and initiated an ISDN trial that linked five different carriers and multiple users.) But it is remarkable how the process of decision making had been transformed into expert discussions of technical specifications.
Toward a Modular Network
Authors: Noam Eli 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the future it will become increasingly difficult to define what “the network” is. The distinctions between private and public, basic and enhanced, terminal and network equipment, national and international, will fade. It is best to think of the network as a federation that must interact. The traditional arrangement was based on the notion of sharing of resources in terms of technology, economics, and politics. But the evolution of networks moves away from this sharing arrangement, because of new entry by suppliers, and, perhaps even more important, of exit of major users from the old sharing coalition. It may be more efficient on some level to share, but by the same logic one should not buy books but use the library, or one should not buy a car but hire a taxi. In other words, the efficiency of capacity utilization is not the only economic force driving an economic system.
Telecommunications Liberalization: An Expansionary Process?
Authors: Noam Eli 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A look across countries and across different economic sectors shows a spreading in the liberalization of previously strictly controlled economic activities. In the United States, deregulation expanded functionally from one line of business to adjoining ones (e.g., in transportation, from airlines to railroads and then to trucks; in telecommunications, from equipment to long-distance service, local transmission, and central office functions). Liberalization has also spread geographically. In telecommunications it has moved from the United States to the United Kingdom, Japan, and to some extent continental Europe. In air transportation, too, it proceeded from the United States to Britain and Europe. One should note that in other historical periods the opposite trends have occurred, and regulation has expanded.
The Dormant Commerce Clause and the Constitutional Balance of Federalism
Authors: Redish Martin H 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
As explained in the previous chapter, Congress’s power to regulate interstate commerce has grown through judicial interpretation to the point where today it is virtually unlimited in its reach. As is the case with all of Congress’s powers enumerated in Article I Section 8, of the Constitution, however, the commerce power need not be exercised by Congress. Thus, despite the power’s all-but-total extension, Congress has continued to leave numerous areas free from federal statutory regulation. Even in certain areas in which Congress has invoked its authority, substantial room has been left for state regulation.
Pragmatic Formalism and Separation of Powers
Authors: Redish Martin H 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
While the issues of federalism examined in the preceding chapters are central to the political structure contemplated in the Constitution, by no means do they exhaust that political framework. The structure of federalism contemplated in the Constitution took the preexisting format of state sovereignty and modified it in order to strengthen the federal government without concentrating all policymaking power at that governmental level. In addition, the Framers decided to divide the power of the federal government further, into three separate units that would overlap in their tasks only to the extent necessary to enable one branch to check the potential excesses of the others.
Invisible Authority
Authors: Abelson Elaine S 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Behind the glass fac;ade lurked a disorder that reflected the essential paradox of these new institutions. No longer the familiar dry goods emporium personally managed by a single individual and his assistants, the large urban department store generated a hierarchy of managers and employed a work force that, before the end of the century, numbered in the thousands.1 Of necessity, the stores depended on a variety of new in-store roles and definitions of both authority and responsibility. The power relationships and strategies that developed in this framework allowed the bazaars to flourish, but, as several recent studies have shown, there was a variety of internal difficulties.
A Fast Red Coupe
Authors: Sherman Joe 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
I laid eyes on my first Saturn, a red coupe with a blonde at the wheel, about thirty miles east of Nashville on 1-40. It was mid-May 1991. The coupe zoomed by, doing about seventy-five. It slowed down when a Tennessee state trooper appeared on the other side of the interstate, then resumed cruising speed.
The Site Sweepstakes
Authors: Sherman Joe 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Peabody Hotel in Memphis is famous for its ducks. They waddle along a red carpet to the fountain in the lobby, then spend afternoons swimming to entertain the guests. In March 1985, Roger Smith went to the Peabody Hotel for a conference. A good friend of his, Howard Baker, a former senator from Tennessee and soon-to-be White House chief of staff for President Ronald Reagan, arranged for Smith to slip away from the conference long enough to meet Lamar Alexander, the governor of Tennessee. Lamar (practically everyone in Tennessee called the young governor by his first name) wanted to tell Roger Smith why the Saturn plant, which dozens of states were after, should be located in Tennessee.
Buying the Farms
Authors: Sherman Joe 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The pivotal meeting between Lawrence Dortch and the Rasburys, the family that had just inherited Rippavilla, took place in late May in Nashville’s Marriott Hotel, the one out by Opryland. Accompanying Dortch was Ted Soley, a tall, pale Argonaut who claimed he was a realtor from Chicago. Soley and Dortch teamed up in a loose alliance to option Rippavilla as Dortch alone had been making little headway. Until the previous February, an eccentric divorcee named Hesta Petty Munns owned Rippavilla. Munns had died suddenly, leaving the mansion and its twenty-eight acres to her sister, Joy Rasbury. It was well known within the family circle, though, that Trish Rasbury, Hesta’s favorite niece, would eventually own Rippavilla. That had been Hesta’s wish.
The Mayor
Authors: Sherman Joe 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
His Honor Spring Hill Mayor George Jones was at the wheel of his blue 1979 Lincoln Continental, a relic of an age when cars weighed five thousand pounds, had four hundred horses under the hood, and powered along the asphalt on big tires, snouts high, downing a gallon of gas every few minutes. Three radios crowned the drive-train hump, with little red blips flowing horizontally across one of them like flashing jewels. Blueprints and maps were heaped on the back seat, like so many wallpaper samples. When the mayor pulled into one of his spec houses (he built George Jones Custom-Built Homes to make ends meet), left the baby blue dinosaur in gear, and ran down the drive, white socks showing, I reached down and slid a box of .22 revolver ammunition from under my seat. Was the mayor armed, I wondered. He hustled back up the drive and hopped in. He made it clear he was a little aggravated at the crew that had prepped the drive for the asphalt coming later today. They hadn’t done it right, he said. We backed out, went up the street to U.S. 31, and headed south toward Columbia, smoothly, gaining power.
Implications Of Top Managers’ Communication Choices For Strategic Decisions
Authors: Daft Richard L , Bettenhausen Kenneth R , Tylere Beverly B 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Organizations are, in many respects, information-processing systems. Organizations are also instruments that top managers use to carry out strategies that the managers believe will put their organizations at a competitive advantage. Managers and organizational scientists know these things, so it is surprising to find that their respective literatures contain no studies of the relationships between organizational strategies and organizational information systems.
Categorial Grammars, Lexical Rules, and the English Predicative
Authors: Carpenter Bob 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
When applying categorial grammars to the study of natural languages, it is traditional to assume a universal collection of phrasestructure schemes. Not only are these phrase-structure schemes applied cross-linguistically, but a compositional type-driven functional semantics is usually assumed to be determined by syntactic structure. It follows from these strong semantic and syntactic restrictions that all language-specific generalizations must be lexically determined in a categorial grammar; once the lexicon is established for a language, universal rules of syntactic and semantic combination take over to completely determine the set of grammatical expressions and their meanings. With such a large responsibility being assigned to the lexicon, it is not surprising that a simple list is not a sufficiently structured way of organizing lexical information. To achieve any degree of empirical coverage, lexical mechanisms must be provided to account for natural generalizations that exist within the lexicon of a single language.
Introduction
Authors: Wierzbicka Anna 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Language is a tool for expressing meaning. We think, we feel, we perceive—and we want to express our thoughts, our feelings, our perceptions. Usually we want to express them because we want to share them with other people, but this is not always the case. We also need language to record our thoughts and to organise them. We write diaries, we write notes to ourselves, we make entries in our desk calendars, and so on. We also swear and exclaim—sometimes even when there is no one to hear us. The common denominator of all these different uses of language is not communication but meaning.
Fate and Destiny
Authors: Wierzbicka Anna 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
People can’t always do what they want to, and they know it. Their lives are shaped, in some measure at least, by forces outside their control, and this seems as obvious and as universal as the fact that they have to die. It might seem reasonable to expect, therefore, that the concept of fate, or something very much like it, will be found in all cultures and will be reflected in all languages, as one might expect that the concept of dying, or something very much like it, would be present in all cultures and in all languages.
Describing the Indescribable
Authors: Wierzbicka Anna 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The idea that “not only ideas, but emotions, too, are cultural artefacts” (Geertz 1973:81), at one time described by a distinguished anthropologist as “complete rubbish” (Leach 1981), is becoming increasingly well documented. (Cf., in particular, Briggs 1970; Geertz 1974; Gerber 1985; Levy 1983; Rosaldo 1980; Scruton 1985; or Lutz 1983, 1985a and b, 1987.)
Solomon (1984:253) writes: “[V]ariation in emotional life is a very real part of cross-cultural differences, and not only in the more obvious variations in circumstances and expression”. To develop this insight as a constructive thesis, he urges, “it would be necessary to tum to a piece by piece investigation of the concepts that make up our various emotions and their complex permutations, side by side with more holistic investigations of a number of other societies, such as those offered us by Levy (1973) and Briggs (1970).
The Russian Language
Authors: Wierzbicka Anna 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
I have claimed elsewhere (Wierzbicka 1990a) that nothing reflects and illuminates Russian national identity more clearly than three unique Russian concepts which keep recurring in Russian discourse and Russian literature (both ‘high’ and folk): dusa (‘soul’), sud’ba (‘fate’), and toška (‘yearning’). All three of these concepts have been studied in this book in some detail, and I am not going to repeat, or even summarise, here what has been said in the relevant chapters. Instead, I would like to point to a few fundamental semantic themes which shape the semantic universe of the Russian language.
Toward The Intelligible Constitution
Authors: Goldstein Joseph 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Opinion-writing is an art. It is highly personal and individualistic as well as collaborative. The authority, if not the authoritativeness, of each opinion rests on the membership of the writing justice in a specially constituted ensemble of nine-the Supreme Court of the United States. Dependent on one another for the Court’s performance, each member of this nonet has, like those of a chamber music group, “an independent part equal in importance with the rest.” At the same time, the jurist, like the musician, is involved in an endeavor “beyond himself.” Ajustice is not totally free to perform as he or she chooses. To have authority, a justice’s rendition of the text must have the support of at least four colleagues.
Neural-Humoral Adjustments To Orthostasis And Long-Term Control
Authors: Rowell Loring B 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Without rapid constriction of resistance vessels, upright posture would not be possible without severe arterial hypotension in any animal whose heart lies considerable distance above the remainder of the circulation. The most rapid vasoconstriction is initiated by sympathetic vasomotor fibers. If the stress is prolonged, blood pressure is supported by circulating hormones that modify renal salt and water excretion and, in higher concentrations, are also vasoactive. Both neural and humoral effectors can act as efferent arms of the cardiopulmonary and arterial baroreflexes.