bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Music in medical education: A critical interpretive synthesis
Authors: Orchard Alice Rae , Sitoh Janell , Wyatt Amy , Moore Maxine 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIntroductionWhile many have championed the value of music in medical education, research specific to how and why music has been offered in medical education is sparse and there have been few attempts to synthesise the literature.MethodsA Critical Interpretive Synthesis (CIS) of 56 texts including published articles, correspondence, abstracts and one thesis published between 1977 and 2022 was undertaken to explore the evidence basis for offering music in medical education.ResultsA total of 52 music‐focused programmes/activities were described, encompassing both curricular and extra‐curricular, receptive and participatory music activities and a wide range of musical genres. Inductive analysis of data extracted from texts revealed a variety of rationales for the use of music in medical education, which could be grouped within seven interrelated themes: well‐being; supportive learning environment; affective engagement; teaching and learning; developing skills for clinical practice; humanism in medicine; and creative expression (identity).DiscussionThe results of this synthesis demonstrate that there remains a gap between what is claimed about the affordances of music and what has been explicitly addressed in medical education research. Despite a paucity of research in this area, the available data support that the affordances of music are ‘multiple’ and may not be well represented by linear models. Evidence that engagement with music is beneficial for medical students is strongest in relation to the affordances of music for well‐being, facilitating a supportive learning environment, affective engagement, memorisation and creative expression (identity). That engagement with music might enhance humanism, including developing skills for clinical practice, requires further investigation. Accounting for student agency and the ‘multiple’ affordances of music will ensure that future teaching and research are best positioned to benefit medical students' well‐being and personal and professional development.
The effects of positions on deviant processing in mostly incompatible blocks in the flanker task
Authors: Suzuki Kota 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIt is assumed that focused attention is induced by mostly incompatible (MI) blocks in the flanker task. This study aimed to examine the differences in deviant processing between positions of a stimulus in MI blocks. Thirty‐nine adults participated in this study. Compatible and incompatible stimuli were classified into three types: typical (central and surrounding colors: black), central‐deviant (central: red; surrounding: black), and surrounding‐deviant (central: black; surrounding: red). Rare and equiprobable conditions were set for MI blocks. Central‐ and surrounding‐deviant stimuli were presented with low probabilities in the rare condition and with identical probabilities to that of typical stimuli in the equiprobable condition. Deviant processing was evaluated by comparing between event‐related potentials in rare and equiprobable conditions. The posterior negativity from 120 to 170 ms (i.e., N1) for central‐deviant stimuli was significantly more negative in the rare condition than in the equiprobable condition, whereas there was no difference for surrounding‐deviant stimuli. Conversely, the posterior negativity from 180 to 230 ms for both stimuli was significantly more negative in the rare condition than in the equiprobable condition, and the difference (i.e., visual mismatch negativity) was similar in central‐ and surrounding‐deviant stimuli. These findings suggest that focused attention induced by MI blocks leads to differences in deviant processing between central and surrounding areas during the N1 time range. Therefore, evaluations of deviant processing can help examine processing in central and surrounding areas independently and are valuable for understanding cognitive control mechanisms in the flanker tasks.
Interprofessional collaboration and work stress among health‐care providers in China: A comparative study between physicians and nurses
Authors: Guo Yuqi , Shi Jingyi , Kulkarni Shanti , Yang Fan 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundInterprofessional collaboration (IPC) is a key contributor to the health‐care organizational culture of wellness and health‐care provider (HCP) morale.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study is examining the impact of IPC on their work stress among HCPs in China and comparing the differences in associations between IPC and work stress between Chinese physicians and nurses.MethodsWith a survey research design, 1036 HCPs were electronically recruited. Five multiple linear regression models were developed to examine the association between IPC and work stress among general HCPs, physicians, and nurses.ResultsIPC can significantly reduce work stress among Chinese HCPs. Regarding IPC, achieving mutually satisfactory solutions, having a clear understanding of boundaries, and a sense of trust are negatively associated with HCPs’ work stress, but team reflective revision was positively associated with HCPs’ work stress during the 2019 Coronavirus Disease (COVID‐19) pandemic. However, IPC factors are associated with work stress differently between physicians and nurses in China.ConclusionOur findings have important implications for practice, research, and policy.
Determination of radiographic vertebral heart score and vertebral left atrial size cutoffs based on echocardiographic left atrial size in dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease
Authors: Baisan Radu Andrei , Vulpe Vasile 
Published: December 2023

AbstractProgression of myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) in dogs is a common cause of left atrial enlargement. Recently, a classification of left atrial (LA) size based on echocardiographic measurement has been proposed. This study aims to determine the radiographic LA size by reporting the cutoff values of VHS and VLAS for different groups of echocardiographic‐measured LA size in dogs with MMVD. This retrospective analytical cross‐sectional study included dogs diagnosed with MMVD grouped based on the echocardiographic LA size into normal (LA/Ao < 1.6), mild (1.6–1.89), moderate (1.9–2.2), and severe enlargement (>2.2) and were compared with ACVIM classification. VHS and VLAS were measured on the right lateral radiograph for each dog and cutoff values were calculated. One hundred and three dogs with MMVD were included in the study. A very strong positive correlation was observed between LA/Ao ratio and VHS (rs, 0.823, P < .01) or VLAS (rs, 0.834, P < .01). For VHS, a cutoff of 10.7 v, 11 v, and 11.5 v were established for echocardiographic LA thresholds of 1.6, 1.9, and 2.2 with a sensitivity of 79%, 92%, and 90% and a specificity of 97%, 90.7%, and 78.1%, respectively. For VLAS, a cutoff of 2.5 v, 2.7 v, and 2.9 v were established for echocardiographic LA cutoffs of 1.6, 1.9, and 2.2 with a sensitivity of 73%, 80%, and 83.3% and a specificity of 94%, 92%, and 86.3%, respectively. The results of this study may facilitate clinical decisions based on radiographic examination in dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease.
The Boolean quadratic forms and tangent law
Authors: Ejsmont Wiktor , Hęćka Patrycja 
Published: December 2023

In [W. Ejsmont and F. Lehner, The free tangent law, Adv. Appl. Math. 121 (2020) 102093], we study the limit sums of free commutators and anticommutators and show that the generalized tangent function [Formula: see text] describes the limit distribution. This is the generating function of the higher order tangent numbers of Carlitz and Scoville (see (1.6) in [L. Carlitz and R. Scoville, Tangent numbers and operators, Duke Math. J. 39 (1972) 413–429]) which arose in connection with the enumeration of certain permutations. In this paper, we continue to study the limit of weighted sums of Boolean commutators and anticommutators and we show that the shifted generalized tangent function appears in a limit theorem. In order to do this, we shall provide an arbitrary cumulants formula of the quadratic form. We also apply this result to obtain several results in a Boolean probability theory.
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia with Myeloid Mutations Is a High-Risk Disease Associated with Clonal Hematopoiesis
Authors: Saygin Caner , Zhang Pu , Stauber Jacob , Aldoss Ibrahim , Sperling Adam S. , Weeks Lachelle D. , Luskin Marlise R. , Knepper Todd C. , Wanjari Pankhuri , Wang Peng , Lager Angela M. , Fitzpatrick Carrie , Segal Jeremy P. , Gharghabi Mehdi , Gurbuxani Sandeep , Venkataraman Girish , Cheng Jason X. , Eisfelder Bart J. , Bohorquez Oliver , Patel Anand A. , Umesh Nagalakshmi Sheethal , Jayaram Savita , Odenike Olatoyosi M. , Larson Richard A. , Godley Lucy A. , Arber Daniel A. , Gibson Christopher J. , Munshi Nikhil C. , Marcucci Guido , Ebert Benjamin L. , Greally John M. , Steidl Ulrich , Lapalombella Rosa , Shah Bijal D. , Stock Wendy 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Myeloid neoplasms arise from preexisting clonal hematopoiesis (CH); however, the role of CH in the pathogenesis of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is unknown. We found that 18% of adult ALL cases harbored TP53, and 16% had myeloid CH-associated gene mutations. ALL with myeloid mutations (MyM) had distinct genetic and clinical characteristics, associated with inferior survival. By using single-cell proteogenomic analysis, we demonstrated that myeloid mutations were present years before the diagnosis of ALL, and a subset of these clones expanded over time to manifest as dominant clones in ALL. Single-cell RNA sequencing revealed upregulation of genes associated with cell survival and resistance to apoptosis in B-ALL with MyM, which responds better to newer immunotherapeutic approaches. These findings define ALL with MyM as a high-risk disease that can arise from antecedent CH and offer new mechanistic insights to develop better therapeutic and preventative strategies.

Significance:
CH is a precursor lesion for lymphoblastic leukemogenesis. ALL with MyM has distinct genetic and clinical characteristics, associated with adverse survival outcomes after chemotherapy. CH can precede ALL years before diagnosis, and ALL with MyM is enriched with activated T cells that respond to immunotherapies such as blinatumomab.
See related commentary by Iacobucci, p. 142.
Kin Term Borrowings in the World’s Languages
Authors: Honkola Terhi , Jordan Fiona M. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The universality of kinship terms means they are regarded, like much basic vocabulary, as resistant to borrowing. Kin term borrowings are documented at varying frequencies, but their role in the dynamics of change in this core social domain is understudied. We investigated the dimensions and the sociolinguistic contexts of kinship borrowings with 50 kinship categories from a global sample of 32 languages, a subset extracted from the World Loanword Database. We found that more borrowings take place in affinal kin categories and in generations denoting relatives older than ego. Close kin categories also have borrowings, but the borrowed items usually coexist with other, presumably non-borrowed variants. Colonisation and the spread of cultures and religions were main inducing forces for kin term borrowings; new terms often enter a language via bilingualism. These tentative patterns can be studied further with larger datasets in future systematic studies of kinship borrowings.
Mother nature: Applicability to contemporary attachment styles
Authors: Jenkins Matthew , Egger Sabine 
Published: December 2023

Objectives Explore humanity's shifting attachment to the natural world using established attachment theories as a framework. Methods Investigate the analogy between human-nature connection and caregiver-child attachment styles. Draw on indigenous case studies, sociology and anthropology to highlight contemporary repercussions of this ‘detachment’. Results Factors such as rapid population growth and urbanisation have disrupted the secure attachment with nature, which is evidenced in ancient egalitarian societies. These factors can be mapped onto contemporary attachment domains. Conclusions There is an urgent need to re-establish a secure attachment to nature. This may be a pivotal strategy in addressing both mental health and environmental challenges, particularly in the context of the escalating climate crisis.
Changes in Sleep, Stress, and Fatigue Were Not Prospectively Associated With Running-Related Injuries Among High School Cross Country Runners
Authors: Joachim Mikel R. , Heiderscheit Bryan C. , Kliethermes Stephanie A. 
Published: December 2023

Background: Running-related injuries (RRI) are common among adolescent runners; however, our understanding of RRI risk factors in this population is limited. Sleep, stress, and fatigue are risk factors in other youth sports but have not been studied in high school runners. This study prospectively assessed the effect of changes in sleep duration and quality, stress, and fatigue on RRI among high school cross country runners. Hypothesis: Less and poorer quality sleep and greater stress and fatigue, compared with the previous week, would be associated with RRI. Study Design: Prospective, observational study. Level of Evidence: Level 2b. Methods: Runners completed a preseason demographics and injury history survey and daily surveys regarding sleep duration and quality, stress, fatigue, and current RRI. Values were summed within each week, and change scores were calculated relative to the previous week. Runners completing ≥75% of daily surveys were analyzed; sensitivity analyses for those completing ≥50% and ≥90% were also conducted. Generalized estimating equations assessed the association between change in each predictor, including its interaction with sex, and RRI, controlling for year in school, previous RRI, and repeated observations. Results: A total of 434 runners enrolled in the study; 161 (37%) completed ≥75% of daily surveys. No associations between change in sleep duration, sleep quality, or fatigue and RRI were observed ( P values ≥0.24). A significant change in stress × sex interaction with RRI was observed ( P < 0.01). Associations among boys ( P = 0.06) and girls ( P = 0.07) were marginally significant. Sensitivity results were similar. Conclusion: Short-term changes in sleep duration, quality, and fatigue were not associated with RRI, but a significant interaction between change in stress and sex suggests that stress may influence RRI risk in high school cross country runners. Clinical Relevance: Large changes in stress levels should be monitored throughout the season, as these changes may precede RRI occurrence in this population.
Novel and Engaging Teaching Method for Pulmonary Physiology
Authors: Ulrich Lisa M. , Palacios Sabrina , Boyer Debra , Kirkby Stephen 
Published: December 2023

BACKGROUND Pulmonary physiology is a challenging, necessary component of pediatric pulmonary fellowship education. Our pediatric pulmonology fellowship program provided this education utilizing a flipped classroom approach but satisfaction with the method was declining. Evidence suggests that adult learners benefit from an engaging lecture method, but no evidence exists to compare the flipped classroom approach to the engaging lecture approach for pulmonary physiology education. OBJECTIVE To develop the most effective physiology curriculum for pediatric pulmonary fellows by comparing the flipped classroom approach to an engaging lecture method. METHODS Five physiology teaching sessions were assigned to the flipped classroom method and 5 to the engaging lecture style. Anonymous surveys assessing satisfaction, utilizing a five-point Likert scale, were completed by fellows at the end of each session. An unpaired t-test was used to compare responses. RESULTS Seven pediatric pulmonary fellows enrolled in the study. The average attendance per session was 5 fellows. There was no significant difference in fellows’ perceived understanding of the assigned physiology topic prior to the flipped classroom versus engaging lecture sessions. Fellows’ perceived understanding of the topics improved after both session types, with significantly more improvement after the engaging lecture sessions. Fellows also reported that engaging lecture sessions were more useful and improved their test-taking confidence. They were more likely to recommend engaging lecture sessions to future pulmonary fellows. CONCLUSIONS Pediatric pulmonary fellows benefited from the use of the engaging lecture style for physiology education.
The unsolved problem of musculoskeletal hydatid disease: two case reports
Authors: Ntombela Philani , Linda Zweli , Hlapolosa Tiego , Jingo Maxwell 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background
Hydatidosis is a parasitic infection caused by Echinococcus granulosus and humans are usually an accidental intermediate host. Involvement of the musculoskeletal system is reported to occur in 0.5% to 4% of the cases.

Case presentation
We present our experience with two cases of musculoskeletal hydatidosis in black African patients that required orthopaedic surgical intervention. A 51-year-old black African female presented with right hip hydatid disease and a 37-year-old black African female presented with the disease affecting the left shoulder. Both patients presented with joint pain and reduced range of motion. The patient with involvement of the shoulder had a background history of human immunodeficiency virus, this was not present with the other patient. Diagnostic work-up confirmed peri-articular hydatid disease and both patients were surgically managed with arthroplasty. Post-operative complications encountered include hardware loosening from bone lysis and hardware failure.

Discussion
The medical literature describes a limited number of cases of peri-articular musculoskeletal hydatid disease. Patients are often subjected to many investigations, prolonged treatment periods and multiple surgeries. Concurrent use of medical and surgical treatment is advocated however, the choice of surgery is individualised.

Conclusion
Hydatid disease must always feature in the differential diagnosis of multiple lytic bone lesions and radical surgical intervention may be required from the outset.
Impact of Preeclampsia and Parity on Sex-based Discrepancies in Subclinical Carotid Atherosclerosis in Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Perea Verónica , Vinagre Irene , Serés-Noriega Tonet , Viñals Clara , Mesa Alex , Pané Adriana , Milad Camila , Esmatjes Enric , Conget Ignacio , Giménez Marga , Amor Antonio J 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Context
The excess risk of fatal and nonfatal cardiovascular events is roughly twice as high in women than in men with type 1 diabetes.

Objective
To evaluate the impact of preeclampsia and parity on sex-based discrepancies in preclinical atherosclerosis and on the diagnostic performance of a cardiovascular risk scale.

Design
Cross-sectional study.

Setting
Single tertiary hospital.

Patients
A total of 728 people with type 1 diabetes (48.5% women) without cardiovascular disease and age ≥40 years, nephropathy, and/or ≥10 years of diabetes duration with another risk factor.

Intervention
Standardized carotid ultrasonography.

Main Outcome Measures
Carotid plaque determined by ultrasonography and cardiovascular risk estimated according to the Steno T1 Risk Engine (Steno-Risk).

Results
Nulliparous women and parous women without previous preeclampsia had a lower risk for carotid plaque than men (adjusted odds ratio: .48, 95% confidence interval [.28-.82]; adjusted odds ratio: .51 [.33-.79], respectively), without differences in the preeclampsia group. The prevalence of carotid plaque increased as the estimated cardiovascular risk increased in all subgroups except for preeclampsia group. The area under the curve of the Steno-Risk for identifying ≥2 carotid plaques was lower in the preeclampsia group (men: .7886; nulliparous women: .9026; women without preeclampsia: .8230; preeclampsia group: .7841; P between groups = .042). Neither the addition of parity nor preeclampsia in the Steno-Risk led to a statistically significant increase in the area under the curve.

Conclusion
The risk for carotid plaque in women compared with men decreased as exposure to obstetric factors diminished. However, the addition of these factors did not improve the prediction of the Steno-Risk.
How to Build a Hybrid: The Structure of Imagination
Authors: Shen Yeshayahu , Gil David 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
How do we conjure up novel and unfamiliar entities in our imagination? Thomas Ward and others have suggested that we do so by deriving such entities from ordinary familiar ones. Hybrids, however, pose a challenge to this view since they are not derived from any one single familiar entity. Nevertheless, we argue here that the construction of hybrid entities is indeed governed by principles forming part of our structured imagination. These principles refer to a set of five abstract schemas, defined in terms of properties such as parts, symmetry, and spatial orientation. These schemas, alongside the absence of a schema, together constitute a schematological hierarchy: humanoid (e.g., man) &gt; canoid (e.g., dog) &gt; carroid (e.g., car) &gt; culteroid (e.g., knife) &gt; arboid (e.g., tree) &gt; other (e.g., sponge). When forming a hybrid out of two or more entities, or parents, the overall shape of the hybrid is selected in accordance with the following three principles: (1) coherence: presence of a schema is preferred to absence of a schema; (2) accessibility: a schema corresponding to that of one of the parents is preferred to some other schema; and (3) height: a schema higher on the schematological hierarchy is preferred to a schema lower on the schematological hierarchy. To test these principles empirically, we conducted a large-scale experiment, in which art and design students were given pairs of words denoting familiar objects and asked to draw images of hybrid entities formed from these word pairs. The resulting corpus of 356 hybrids was found to provide strong empirical support for the above three principles. In doing so, it showed how human creativity is not unbound, but rather subject to substantive cognitive constraints, constituting our structured imagination.
Διερεύνηση των νοητικών μοντέλων των παιδιών με τη μέθοδο ανάλυσης δικτυών: Μια εφαρμογή για την έννοια της δύναμης
Authors: Κανελλιά Ελένη , Βαϊοπούλου Γιούλη , Γκέβρου Μαρία , Σταμοβλάσης Δημήτριος 
Published: December 2023

Στη παρούσα εργασία, παρουσιάζεται μια μέθοδος διερεύνησης των νοητικών αναπαραστάσεων των μαθητών που βασίζεται στην Ανάλυση Δικτύων (Network Analysis, ΝΑ). Εξετάζονται ερευνητικά ερωτήματα που σχετίζονται με την φύση της γνώσης των παιδιών πριν υιοθετήσουν την επιστημονική άποψη, και συγκεκριμένα διερευνάται η συνεκτικότητα συγκεκριμένων νοητικών μοντέλων για τη δύναμη. Τα δεδομένα συλλέχθηκαν με το ερωτηματολόγιο κλειστού τύπου Force-RQ από μαθητές δημοτικού. Η αξιολόγηση των νοητικών αναπαραστάσεων- δικτύων που βασίζεται στην τοπολογία αλλά και στα ποσοτικά μέτρα κεντρικότητας των δικτύων, ανέδειξε την συνεκτικότητα συγκεκριμένων νοητικών μοντέλων. Συζητείται η διεύρυνση της μεθόδου σε περισσότερες εφαρμογές στο πεδίο της εννοιολογικής αλλαγή.