bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regeneration of alveolar bone defects in the experimental pig model. A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Shanbhag Siddharth , Kampleitner Carina , Sanz-Esporrin Javier , Lie Stein Atle , Gruber Reinhard , Mustafa Kamal , Sanz Mariano 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Objective
Pigs are emerging as a preferred experimental in vivo model for bone regeneration. The study objective was to answer the focused PEO question: in the pig model (P), what is the capacity in experimental alveolar bone defects (E) for spontaneous regeneration in terms of new bone formation (O)?
Methods
Following PRISMA guidelines, electronic databases were searched for studies reporting experimental bone defect- or extraction socket-healing in the maxillae or mandibles of pigs. The main inclusion criteria were presence of a control group of untreated defects/sockets and assessment of regeneration via 3D tomography [radiographic defect fill (RDF)] or 2D histomorphometry [new bone formation (NBF)]. Random effects meta-analyses were performed for the outcomes RDF and NBF.
Results
Overall, 45 studies were included reporting on alveolar bone defects or extraction sockets, most frequently in the mandibles of minipigs. Based on morphology, defects were broadly classified as “box-defects” (BD) or “cylinder-defects” (CD) with a wide range of healing times (10 days to 52 weeks). Meta-analyses revealed pooled estimates (with 95% confidence intervals) of 50% RDF (36.87–63.15%) and 43.74% NBF (30.47–57%) in BD, and 44% RDF (16.48–71.61%) and 39.67% NBF (31.53–47.81%) in CD, which were similar to estimates of socket-healing [48.74% RDF (40.35–57.13%) and 38.73% NBF (28.57–48.89%)]. Heterogeneity in the meta-analysis was high (I2 > 90%).
Conclusion
A substantial body of literature revealed a high capacity for spontaneous regeneration in experimental alveolar bone defects of (mini)pigs, which should be considered in future studies of bone regeneration in this animal model.
Undaria pinnatifida extract attenuates allergic airway inflammation by the modulation of epithelial cell dysfunction and oxidative stress
Authors: Yu Zhen Nan , Fan Yan Jing , Nguyen Thi , Piao Chun Hua , Lee Byung-Hoo , Lee So-Young , Shin Hee Soon , Song Chang Ho , Chai Ok Hee 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background: Combinative allergic rhinitis and asthma syndrome (CARAS) is a novel uniform airway inflammation composed of inflammation in the upper and lower respiratory tracts.Undaria pinnatifida (U. pinnatifida), a brown alga commonly grown in the oceans of East Asia, has long been a part of human diet and medicine. Though U. pinnatifida has been reported to have immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-diabetic and anti-bacterial activities, its specific effect on combined allergic rhinitis and asthma syndrome (CARAS) has not been clarified.
Methods:In this study, the anti-allergic and anti-inflammatory effects of U. pinnatifida extract (UPE) were investigated in a mouse model of ovalbumin (OVA)-induced CARAS. ELISA was performed using serum samples, NALF and BALF to detect OVA-specific immunoglobulins and inflammatory cytokines. In addition, we checked the levels of MAPKs using western blotting, and we checked the levels of E-cadherin and ST2 using immunohistochemistry.
Results:The oral administrations of UPE inhibited allergic responses by reducing OVA-specific immunoglobulin levels; accordingly, symptoms in early reactions were also significantly improved. UPE inhibited the accumulation of inflammatory cells in both nasal and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and tissues. UPE also attenuated the expression of Th2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, IL-13) and up-regulated the secretion of Th1 cytokines (IL-12, IFN-γ) in nasal and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Furthermore, UPE treatment inhibited the mitogen-activated protein kinase and nuclear factor-kappa B signaling pathway in lung homogenates. Also, UPE treatment protected the epithelium integrity by preventing the epithelial shedding from nasal mucosa. In addition, UPE ameliorated the dysfunction of the nasal epithelial barrier by enhancing antioxidant properties. UPE attenuated epithelial cell damage and thus down-regulated the expression of the inflammatory factor IL-33.
Conclusions:These results suggest that UPE may potentially treat CARAS by modulating epithelial cell dysfunction and oxidative stress, thereby attenuating the release of IL-33.
Illuminating HLA-DPA1 and HSH2D as Potential Prognostic Biomarkers by Weighted Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis for NRAS-Mutant Skin Cutaneous Melanoma
Authors: Dodin Yasmeen , Dodein Razan , Seetan Khaled 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background
NRAS-mutant skin cutaneous melanoma (NRAS-MT SKCM) poses clinical challenges due to its aggressive progression and unfavorable outcomes compared to other subtypes. NRAS mutations, present in around 26% of cases, play a significant role in cutaneous melanoma. However, targeted therapies tailored to NRAS mutations are currently lacking, highlighting an unmet need. Our study aimed to identify hub/key genes specifically associated with NRAS-MT SKCM prognosis. The identification of prognostic biomarkers for survival prediction is essential to enhance patient care and facilitate the development of personalized treatment strategies.
Methods
We comprehensively analyzed RNA-seq data from The Cancer Genome Atlas-Skin Cutaneous Melanoma (TCGA-SKCM) and Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) for NRAS-MT SKCM and normal skin tissues. Our analyses included weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), differential gene expression analysis, functional enrichment analysis, construction of a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, identification of hub genes, survival analysis, and external validation using the microarray dataset GSE65904 from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database.
Results
The analysis of differential gene expression revealed 6,577 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) with significant changes in NRAS-mutant SKCM, including 3,823 up-regulated and 2,754 down-regulated genes. WGCNA highlighted a noteworthy blue module consisting of 248 genes strongly correlated with NRAS-mutant SKCM. An intersection analysis identified 211 genes common to both the DEGs and the blue module. Through PPI network analysis and survival analysis, key hub genes within the blue module were identified, including HLA-DPA1, SIGLEC1, HSH2D, and TNFSF8. Survival analysis indicated that lower expression of these genes was associated with poorer overall survival in NRAS-mutant SKCM patients. External validation confirmed the prognostic significance of two survival-related hub genes, namely HLA-DPA1 and HSH2D.
Conclusion
Our study identified HLA-DPA1 and HSH2D as potential prognostic biomarkers in NRAS-MT SKCM. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the disease's molecular mechanisms and have implications for personalized treatment strategies.
Metal mixture exposure and the risk of osteopenia or osteoporosis: Baseline Data from the Chinese Multi-Ethnic Cohort (CMEC) Study
Authors: zhang yuxin , Chen Cheng , Wu Shenyan , Nie Chan , Hu Yuxin , Zhong Jianqin , Hong Feng 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Osteoporosis is emerging as a growing public health concern worldwide due to the aging population, and metal exposure is widely recognized as a risk factor for human health. However, studies on the relationship between metal exposure and bone health yield inconsistent results. Limited epidemiological research exists on the associations of metal mixtures with osteopenia and osteoporosis, particularly among ethnic minorities in China. We conducted a study on 9206 ethnic Chinese (Dong and Miao) aged 30–79 years using data from the Chinese Multi-Ethnic Cohort Study (CMCS) baseline survey database. We utilized inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) to measure the concentrations of 11 metals in urine and quantitative ultrasound to measure bone mineral density (BMD). Multivariate logistic regression model, Quantile g-computation and Principal component analysis were used to explore the correlation between single-metal exposure and metal mixture exposure with osteopenia and osteoporosis. In the single-metal exposure model, urinary concentrations of As, Cd, Cr, Fe, Hg and Mn were positively associated with the risk of osteopenia. Conversely, urinary Co and Zn were negatively associated with the risk of osteopenia. Urinary As, Cd, Cr and Mn were positively associated with the risk of osteoporosis, while urinary V was negatively associated with the risk of osteoporosis. In addition, Quantile g-comptation showed that exposure to metal mixtures was positively associated with osteopenia and osteoporosis. Principal component analysis identified principal component 1, characterized by Fe and Mn, and principal component 3, characterized by Hg and Cd, as positively associated with osteopenia and osteoporosis. These findings suggest that the co-exposure of polymetals affects the occurrence and development of osteoporosis, warranting further investigation into the complex mechanisms involved.
Surgical Cholecystectomy Score (SCS) for grading the difficulty of laparoscopic cholecystectomy
Authors: S Kruthika , Asuri Krishna , Singh Deepti , Prakash Om , Rai Sanjeet , Ramachandran Rashmi , Kumar Subodh , Bansal Virinder Kumar 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) is the standard of care for symptomatic gall stone disease. A good scoring system is necessary to standardize the reporting. Our aim was to develop and validate an objective scoring system, the Surgical Cholecystectomy Score (SCS) to grade the difficulty of LC.
Methods:The study was conducted in a single surgical unit at a tertiary care hospital in two phases from January 2017 to April 2021. Retrospective data was analysed and the difficulty of each procedure was graded according to the modified Nassar’s scoring system. Significant preoperative and intraoperative data obtained was given a weightage score. In phase II, these scores were validated on a prospective cohort. Each procedure was classified either as easy, moderately difficult or difficult.
Statistical analysis: A univariate analysis was performed on the data followed by a multivariate regression analysis. Bidirectional stepwise selection was done to select the most significant variables. The Beta /Schneeweiss scoring system was used to generate a rounded risk score.
Results: Data of 800 patients was retrieved and graded. 10 intraoperative parameters were found to be significant. Each variable was assigned a rounded risk score. The final SCS range for intraoperative parameters was 0-15. The scoring system was validated on a cohort of 249 LC.
In the final scoring, cut off SCS of >8 was found to correlate with difficult procedures. Score of < 2 was equivalent to easy LC. A score between 2 and 8 indicated moderate difficulty. The area under ROC curve was 0.98 and 0.92 for the intraoperative score indicating that the score was an excellent measure of the difficulty level of LCs.
Conclusion: The scoring system developed in this study has shown an excellent correlation with the difficulty of LC. It needs to be validated in different cohorts and across multiple centers further.
You can’t see me: Background matching in the Western diamond-backed rattlesnake (Crotalus atrox)
Authors: Cunha Oceane Da , Fournier Corentin , Horne L. Miles , Seymoure Brett M. , Johnson Jerry D. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Coloration is crucial for ambush mesopredators’ survival as they depend on it for camouflage to hunt and avoid predation. Furthermore, coloration is especially important in ectotherms as it is linked to two essential functions for survival: thermoregulation and crypsis. In a context of trade-offs between thermoregulation and crypsis, the comprehension of how ectotherms employ color to address conflicting demands of thermoregulation and crypsis is limited. This study investigated background matching and thermoregulation in western-diamond-backed rattlesnakes (Crotalus atrox). Rattlesnakes were predicted to better match selected microhabitats in terms of color, luminance, and pattern than random microhabitats within their home range, and temperature was predicted to influence their body coloration. Pictures of fourteen radiotracked western diamond-backed rattlesnakes were taken in situ with a full spectrum camera (UV/VIS) and body temperature was recovered from internal temperature-datalogging radio-transmitters. Crotalus atrox matched the color, luminance, and pattern of the background better than a randomly selected background, thus enhancing crypsis. Additionally, rattlesnake coloration varied independently of temperature indicating that rattlesnakes are behaviorally modifying crypsis regardless of thermoregulation.
انموذج تعاون الكتروني مقترح لتحقيق التوافق بين مخرجات التعليم المهني المحاسبي و متطلبات سوق العمل
Authors: Al-Sabaawe Younis M. Kh. , Huseein Hawre Jalal 
Published: December 2023

يهدف البحث الى بناء انموذج مقترح باعتماد مكونات التعاون الإلكتروني للوصول الى تحقيق التوافق الاستراتيجي بين مخرجات التعليم المهني (المحاسبي) ومتطلبات سوق العمل في القطاع العام والخاص. وقد اعتمد البحث منهج دراسة الحالة أسلوباً لعمله، ولغرض تحقيق هدف البحث جرى تصميم نموذج مقترح يقوم على أساس التعاضد البنيوي بين مكونات التعاون الالكتروني عن طريق توظيف منصة تعاون الكتروني تتيح إمكانية تحقيق التوافق بين مخرجات التعليم المهني التي تقدمها مناهج التعليم المهني المحاسبي من جهة وبين متطلبات سوق العمل من خلال مجموعة المكونات والأدوات والتقنيات التي توفرها هذه المنصة التعاونية.
وخرج البحث بعدد من الاستنتاجات من أهمها: يمكن تحقيق التوافق بين مخرجات التعليم المهني المحاسبي ومتطلبات سوق العمل في القطاع العام والخاص باعتماد منهج التعاون الإلكتروني بوصفه يمثل جيلاً جديداً في حقل تقانة المعلومات والاتصالات ويعد من سمات الإدارة الحديثة. فتنفيذ الأنموذج المقترح من شأنه تحقيق التوافق وتوحيد الروية لتحقيق الموائمة مخرجات التعليم المهني المحاسبي مع متطلبات سوق العمل .
وفي ضوء الاستنتاجات أختُتم البحث بعدد من المقترحات أبرزها ضرورة دعم وزارة التربية في حكومة اقليم كوردستان لتطبيق الأنموذج المقترح لشموله عدداً من الأدوات المتميزة وقابلية تكامله مع العديد من التطبيقات البرمجية الأُخرى للوصل الى تحقيق التكامل بين رؤية التعليم المهني المحاسبي من جهة وبين متطلبات سوق العمل من جهة اخرى.
Prevalence of COVID-19 Mitigation Behaviors in US Adults (August-December 2020): Nationwide Household Probability Survey
Authors: Sanchez Travis , Hall Eric , Siegler Aaron J , Prakash-Asrani Radhika , Bradley Heather , Fahimi Mansour , Lopman Benjamin , Luisi Nicole , Nelson Kristin N , Sailey Charles , Shioda Kayoko , Valentine-Graves Mariah , Sullivan Patrick S 
Published: December 2023

Background
COVID-19 mitigation behaviors, such as wearing masks, maintaining social distancing, and practicing hand hygiene, have been and will remain vital to slowing the pandemic.

Objective
This study aims to describe the period prevalence of consistent mask-wearing, social distancing, and hand hygiene practices during the peak of COVID-19 incidence (August-December 2020) and just before COVID-19 vaccine availability, overall and in demographic subgroups.

Methods
We used baseline survey data from a nationwide household probability sample to generate weighted estimates of mitigation behaviors: wearing masks, maintaining social distancing, and practicing hand hygiene. Weighted logistic regression explored differences in mitigation behaviors by demographics. Latent class analysis (LCA) identified patterns in mitigation behaviors.

Results
Among 4654 participants, most (n=2727, 58.6%) were female, were non-Hispanic White (n=3063, 65.8%), were aged 55 years or older (n=2099, 45.1%), lived in the South (n=2275, 48.9%), lived in metropolitan areas (n=4186, 89.9%), had at least a bachelor’s degree (n=2547, 54.7%), had an income of US $50,000-$99,000 (n=1445, 31%), and were privately insured (n=2734, 58.7%). The period prevalence of consistent mask wearing was 71.1% (sample-weighted 95% CI 68.8-73.3); consistent social distancing, 42.9% (95% CI 40.5-45.3); frequent handwashing, 55.0% (95% CI 52.3-57.7); and frequent hand sanitizing, 21.5% (95% CI 19.4-23.8). Mitigation behaviors were more prevalent among women, older persons, Black or Hispanic persons, those who were not college graduates, and service-oriented workers. LCA identified an optimal-mitigation class that consistently practiced all behaviors (n=2656, 67% of US adults), a low-mitigation class that inconsistently practiced all behaviors (n=771, 20.6%), and a class that had optimal masking and social distancing but a high frequency of hand hygiene (n=463, 12.4%).

Conclusions
Despite a high prevalence of COVID-19 mitigation behaviors, there were likely millions who did not consistently practice these behaviors during the time of the highest COVID-19 incidence. In future infectious disease outbreak responses, public health authorities should also consider addressing disparities in mitigation practices through more targeted prevention messaging.
Investigating Citizens’ Acceptance of Contact Tracing Apps: Quantitative Study of the Role of Trust and Privacy
Authors: Fox Grace , van der Werff Lisa , Rosati Pierangelo , Lynn Theo 
Published: December 2023

Background
The COVID-19 pandemic accelerated the need to understand citizen acceptance of health surveillance technologies such as contact tracing (CT) apps. Indeed, the success of these apps required widespread public acceptance and the alleviation of concerns about privacy, surveillance, and trust.

Objective
This study aims to examine the factors that foster a sense of trust and a perception of privacy in CT apps. Our study also investigates how trust and perceived privacy influence citizens’ willingness to adopt, disclose personal data, and continue to use these apps.

Methods
Drawing on privacy calculus and procedural fairness theories, we developed a model of the antecedents and behavioral intentions related to trust and privacy perceptions. We used structural equation modeling to test our hypotheses on a data set collected at 2 time points (before and after the launch of a national CT app). The sample consisted of 405 Irish residents.

Results
Trust in CT apps was positively influenced by propensity to trust technology (β=.074; P=.006), perceived need for surveillance (β=.119; P<.001), and perceptions of government motives (β=.671; P<.001) and negatively influenced by perceived invasion (β=−.224; P<.001). Perceived privacy was positively influenced by trust (β=.466; P<.001) and perceived control (β=.451; P<.001) and negatively influenced by perceived invasion (β=−.165; P<.001). Prelaunch intentions toward adoption were influenced by trust (β=.590; P<.001) and perceived privacy (β=.247; P<.001). Prelaunch intentions to disclose personal data to the app were also influenced by trust (β=.215; P<.001) and perceived privacy (β=.208; P<.001) as well as adoption intentions before the launch (β=.550; P<.001). However, postlaunch intentions to use the app were directly influenced by prelaunch intentions (β=.530; P<.001), but trust and perceived privacy only had an indirect influence. Finally, with regard to intentions to disclose after the launch, use intentions after the launch (β=.665; P<.001) and trust (β=.215; P<.001) had a direct influence, but perceived privacy only had an indirect influence. The proposed model explained 74.4% of variance in trust, 91% of variance in perceived privacy, 66.6% of variance in prelaunch adoption intentions, 45.9% of variance in postlaunch use intentions, and 83.9% and 79.4% of variance in willingness to disclose before the launch and after the launch, respectively.

Conclusions
Positive perceptions of trust and privacy can be fostered through clear communication regarding the need and motives for CT apps, the level of control citizens maintain, and measures to limit invasive data practice. By engendering these positive beliefs before launch and reinforcing them after launch, citizens may be more likely to accept and use CT apps. These insights are important for the launch of future apps and technologies that require mass acceptance and information disclosure.
Performance Comparison of ChatGPT-4 and Japanese Medical Residents in the General Medicine In-Training Examination: Comparison Study
Authors: Watari Takashi , Takagi Soshi , Sakaguchi Kota , Nishizaki Yuji , Shimizu Taro , Yamamoto Yu , Tokuda Yasuharu 
Published: December 2023

Background
The reliability of GPT-4, a state-of-the-art expansive language model specializing in clinical reasoning and medical knowledge, remains largely unverified across non-English languages.

Objective
This study aims to compare fundamental clinical competencies between Japanese residents and GPT-4 by using the General Medicine In-Training Examination (GM-ITE).

Methods
We used the GPT-4 model provided by OpenAI and the GM-ITE examination questions for the years 2020, 2021, and 2022 to conduct a comparative analysis. This analysis focused on evaluating the performance of individuals who were concluding their second year of residency in comparison to that of GPT-4. Given the current abilities of GPT-4, our study included only single-choice exam questions, excluding those involving audio, video, or image data. The assessment included 4 categories: general theory (professionalism and medical interviewing), symptomatology and clinical reasoning, physical examinations and clinical procedures, and specific diseases. Additionally, we categorized the questions into 7 specialty fields and 3 levels of difficulty, which were determined based on residents’ correct response rates.

Results
Upon examination of 137 GM-ITE questions in Japanese, GPT-4 scores were significantly higher than the mean scores of residents (residents: 55.8%, GPT-4: 70.1%; P<.001). In terms of specific disciplines, GPT-4 scored 23.5 points higher in the “specific diseases,” 30.9 points higher in “obstetrics and gynecology,” and 26.1 points higher in “internal medicine.” In contrast, GPT-4 scores in “medical interviewing and professionalism,” “general practice,” and “psychiatry” were lower than those of the residents, although this discrepancy was not statistically significant. Upon analyzing scores based on question difficulty, GPT-4 scores were 17.2 points lower for easy problems (P=.007) but were 25.4 and 24.4 points higher for normal and difficult problems, respectively (P<.001). In year-on-year comparisons, GPT-4 scores were 21.7 and 21.5 points higher in the 2020 (P=.01) and 2022 (P=.003) examinations, respectively, but only 3.5 points higher in the 2021 examinations (no significant difference).

Conclusions
In the Japanese language, GPT-4 also outperformed the average medical residents in the GM-ITE test, originally designed for them. Specifically, GPT-4 demonstrated a tendency to score higher on difficult questions with low resident correct response rates and those demanding a more comprehensive understanding of diseases. However, GPT-4 scored comparatively lower on questions that residents could readily answer, such as those testing attitudes toward patients and professionalism, as well as those necessitating an understanding of context and communication. These findings highlight the strengths and limitations of artificial intelligence applications in medical education and practice.