bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Amphistomy increases leaf photosynthesis more in coastal than montane plants of Hawaiian ʻilima (Sida fallax)
Authors: Triplett Genevieve , Buckley Thomas N. , Muir Christopher D. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPremiseThe adaptive significance of amphistomy (stomata on both upper and lower leaf surfaces) is unresolved. A widespread association between amphistomy and open, sunny habitats suggests the adaptive benefit of amphistomy may be greatest in these contexts, but this hypothesis has not been tested experimentally. Understanding amphistomy informs its potential as a target for crop improvement and paleoenvironment reconstruction.MethodsWe developed a method to quantify “amphistomy advantage” () as the log‐ratio of photosynthesis in an amphistomatous leaf to that of the same leaf but with gas exchange blocked through the upper surface (pseudohypostomy). Humidity modulated stomatal conductance and thus enabled comparing photosynthesis at the same total stomatal conductance. We estimated and leaf traits in six coastal (open, sunny) and six montane (closed, shaded) populations of the indigenous Hawaiian species ʻilima (Sida fallax).ResultsCoastal ʻilima leaves benefit 4.04 times more from amphistomy than montane leaves. Evidence was equivocal with respect to two hypotheses: (1) that coastal leaves benefit more because they are thicker and have lower CO2 conductance through the internal airspace and (2) that they benefit more because they have similar conductance on each surface, as opposed to most conductance being through the lower surface.ConclusionsThis is the first direct experimental evidence that amphistomy increases photosynthesis, consistent with the hypothesis that parallel pathways through upper and lower mesophyll increase CO2 supply to chloroplasts. The prevalence of amphistomatous leaves in open, sunny habitats can partially be explained by the increased benefit of amphistomy in “sun” leaves, but the mechanistic basis remains uncertain.
Donors' self‐ and other‐oriented motives for selecting charitable causes
Authors: Thottam Aakash K. , Chapman Cassandra M. , Leszczyc Peter Popkowski 
Published: February 2024

AbstractMillions of charities compete for charitable donations, yet the underlying factors influencing individuals' preferences for specific causes remain relatively poorly understood. Building upon the ongoing scholarly debate about whether charitable behaviors are more altruistically or egoistically motivated, this study employs a self and other orientation framework to explore the preferences captured in a community survey (N = 987) to identify the various motivations relevant to donors' decision‐making processes. Our study contributes significantly to our understanding of charitable cause selection. First, it uncovers diverse motives directly endorsed by donors, offering insight into the multifaceted factors influencing preferences. Second, it unveils distinctive constellations of motives related to self and other orientations, shedding light on the underlying drivers of charitable actions. Third, it delineates the impact of various identity motives on charitable preferences. Specifically, we find that self‐oriented motives are associated with preferences for environmental and research causes, while other‐oriented motives exhibit a strong link with preferences for housing and development causes. Additionally, a combination of self and other motives shapes preferences for health, social services, emergency, and international causes. This complex interplay highlights that prosocial behavior is susceptible to a plurality of motives and cannot be solely understood through a binary distinction of altruism versus egoism. The study also contributes to the broader understanding of the psychology of charitable giving and has implications for fundraising design in a competitive market.
Autism spectrum disorder, extremism and risk assessment
Authors: Allely Clare S. , Jouenne Emma , Westphal Alexander , Staufenberg Ekkehart , Murphy David 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundTo date, there is no evidence supporting the existence of an association between Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and extremism in the general population. However, there is increasing recognition that several features of ASD may provide the context of vulnerability to engage in extremist behaviour.AimsThis paper sets out the case for a dedicated clinical approach to better integrate clinical risk appraisal processes with an assessment of ASD individuals' vulnerabilities within the Criminal Justice System.Methods and ResultsIn this paper the Framework for the Assessment of Risk & Protection in Offenders on the Autistic Spectrum (FARAS): A Guide for Risk Assessors Working with Offenders on the Autistic Spectrum is explored. In developing the FARAS, Al‐Attar proposed seven facets of ASD that ‘may have different functional links with push and pull factors to terrorism’ (p. 928), which include circumscribed interests; rich vivid fantasy and impaired social imagination; need for order, rules, rituals, routine and predictability; obsessionality, repetition and collecting; social interaction and communication difficulties; cognitive styles and Sensory processing.Discussion and ConclusionWe describe the FARAS within the context of the most widely used clinical risk appraisal ‘aide memoire’ instruments integral to the Structured Professional Judgement of risk process, namely the HCR20v3.
The adaptability of the Pulsta valve to the diverse main pulmonary artery shape of native right ventricular outflow tract disease
Authors: Park Woo Young , Kim Gi Beom , Lee Sang Yun , Kim Ah Young , Choi Jae Young , Jang So Ick , Kim Seong Ho , Cha Seul Gi , Wang Jou‐Kou , Lin Ming‐Tai , Chen Chun‐An 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundPulsta valve is increasingly used for percutaneous pulmonary valve implantation (PPVI) in patients with a large native right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT). This study aims to elucidate the outcomes of Pulsta valve implantation within the native RVOT and assess its adaptability to various native main pulmonary artery (PA) anatomies.MethodsA multicenter retrospective study included 182 patients with moderate to severe pulmonary regurgitation in the native RVOT who underwent PPVI with Pulsta valves® between February 2016 and August 2023 at five Korean and Taiwanese tertiary referral centers.ResultsPulsta valve implantation was successful in 179 out of 182 patients (98.4%) with an average age of 26.7 ± 11.0 years. The median follow‐up duration was 29 months. Baseline assessments revealed enlarged right ventricle (RV) volume (mean indexed RV end‐diastolic volume: 163.1 (interquartile range, IQR: 152.0–180.3 mL/m²), which significantly decreased to 123.6(IQR: 106.6–137.5 mL/m2 after 1 year. The main PA types were classified as pyramidal (3.8%), straight (38.5%), reverse pyramidal (13.2%), convex (26.4%), and concave (18.1%) shapes. Pulsta valve placement was adapted, with distal main PA for pyramidal shapes and proximal or mid‐PA for reverse pyramidal shapes. Two patients experienced Pulsta valve embolization to RV, requiring surgical removal, and one patient encountered valve migration to the distal main PA, necessitating surgical fixation.ConclusionsCustomized valve insertion sites are pivotal in self‐expandable PPVI considering diverse native RVOT shape. The rather soft and compact structure of the Pulsta valve has characteristics to are adaptable to diverse native RVOT geometries.
Effects of added resulting flours from heat‐treated Bambara groundnut seeds on properties of composite Bambara groundnuts–wheat dough and bread
Authors: Mukwevho Peter , Emmambux M. Naushad 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundThis work determined the effect of compositing wheat flour with the resulting flour (15% and 30%) from heat‐treated Bambara seeds on dough rheology and breadmaking properties. Bambara seeds (conditioned 53% moisture) were infrared or microwave heat (1200 W at 130°C) treated alone and in combination. Mixolab, Alveograph, and the creep and recovery test were used to determine the rheological properties of composite dough. A rheofementometer was used to elucidate composite dough behavior during proofing. Bread texture was determined using a texture analyzer and bread characteristics such as loaf volume and size were also determined.ResultsThe results showed that the principal component analysis (PCA) explained 67.4% of variations, with Component 1 explaining 34.4% and Component 2 explaining 33%. From the PCA, mixolab parameters, such as WA, protein weakening, and starch behavior parameters (C3–C5), were a better predictor of composite dough behavior than the alveograph and the creep and recovery test. According to the PCA plot, samples composited with 15% Bambara groundnut flour from 53% moisture conditioning and heat treated with a combination of microwave and infrared closely resemble the wheat dough and bread.ConclusionPCA showed that composites made with flours from the 53% moisture‐conditioned Bambara groundnut seeds and heat‐treated using a combination of microwave and infrared were closer to wheat, particularly those composited with 15% Bambara groundnut flour.SignificanceThis study provides the nutrient‐dense Bambara groundnut flours from heat‐treated seeds as a suitable alternative to improve the nutritional quality of composite wheat bread. The study also provides insight into the composite dough's rheological and bread physical properties.
Bioprosthetic pulmonary valve dysfunction in a primary cardiac sarcoma survivor: Clinical considerations and treatment options
Authors: Maione Davide , De Luca Antonio , Pezzato Andrea , Vitrella Giancarlo , Perkan Andrea , Rauber Elisabetta , Butera Gianfranco , Sinagra Gianfranco 
Published: February 2024

Key Clinical MessageThe case highlights the good survival after radical surgery and chemotherapy of a cardiac sarcoma, and the need for close follow‐up due to possible early postsurgical complications.
Forequarter amputation for open scapulothoracic dissociation: A case report and surgical technique
Authors: Upreti Arun , Dhakal Dibya Purush , Paudel Subarna , Bishowkarma Sagar , Ray Umesh 
Published: February 2024

Key Clinical MessageScapulothoracic dissociation is a rare upper extremity injury caused by high‐velocity trauma over anterolateral shoulder leading to disruption of scapulothoracic articulation. It is considered as a limb threatening injury. Very few cases of scapulothoracic dissociation have been reported in medical literature. In this article, we report a unique case of open injury involving laterally displaced and comminuted scapula accompanied by redundant acromioclavicular joint, total brachial plexus injury, and complete transection of brachial artery. The patient underwent a forequarter amputation after a failed vascular repair.
Compounds Consisting of Quinazoline, Ibuprofen, and Amino Acids with Cytotoxic and Anti‐Inflammatory Effects
Authors: Garduño‐Villavicencio Luis Roberto , Martínez‐Ortega Ulises , Ortiz‐Sánchez Elizabeth , Tinajero‐Rodríguez José Manuel , Hernández‐Luis Francisco 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn this research work, a series of 16 quinazoline derivatives bearing ibuprofen and an amino acid were designed as inhibitors of epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase domain (EGFR‐TKD) and cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) with the intention of presenting dual action in their biological behavior. The designed compounds were synthesized and assessed for cytotoxicity on epithelial cancer cells lines (AGS, A‐431, MCF‐7, MDA‐MB‐231) and epithelial non‐tumorigenic cell line (HaCaT). From this evaluation, derivative 6 was observed to exhibit higher cytotoxic potency (IC50) than gefitinib (reference drug) on three cancer cell lines (0.034 μM in A‐431, 2.67 μM in MCF‐7, and 3.64 μM in AGS) without showing activity on the non‐tumorigenic cell line (>100 μM). Furthermore, assessment of EGFR‐TKD inhibition by 6 showed a discreet difference compared to gefitinib. Additionally, 6 was used to conduct an in vivo anti‐inflammatory assay using the 12‐O‐tetradecanoylphorbol‐3‐acetate (TPA) method, and it was shown to be 5 times more potent than ibuprofen. Molecular dynamics studies of EGFR‐TKD revealed interactions between compound 6 and M793. On the other hand, one significant interaction was observed for COX‐2, involving S531. The RMSD graph indicated that the ligand remained stable in 50 ns.
Three‐dimensional topography of rat trigeminal ganglion neurons using a combination of retrograde labeling and tissue‐clearing techniques
Authors: Kuramoto Eriko , Fukushima Makoto , Sendo Ryozo , Ohno Sachi , Iwai Haruki , Yamanaka Atsushi , Sugimura Mitsutaka , Goto Tetsuya 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe trigeminal nerve is the sensory afferent of the orofacial regions and divided into three major branches. Cell bodies of the trigeminal nerve lie in the trigeminal ganglion and are surrounded by satellite cells. There is a close interaction between ganglion cells via satellite cells, but the function is not fully understood. In the present study, we clarified the ganglion cells’ three‐dimensional (3D) localization, which is essential to understand the functions of cell–cell interactions in the trigeminal ganglion. Fast blue was injected into 12 sites of the rat orofacial regions, and ganglion cells were retrogradely labeled. The labeled trigeminal ganglia were cleared by modified 3DISCO, imaged with confocal laser‐scanning microscopy, and reconstructed in 3D. Histograms of the major axes of the fast blue‐positive somata revealed that the peak major axes of the cells innervating the skin/mucosa were smaller than those of cells innervating the deep structures. Ganglion cells innervating the ophthalmic, maxillary, and mandibular divisions were distributed in the anterodorsal, central, and posterolateral portions of the trigeminal ganglion, respectively, with considerable overlap in the border region. The intermingling in the distribution of ganglion cells within each division was also high, in particular, within the mandibular division. Specifically, intermingling was observed in combinations of tongue and masseter/temporal muscles, maxillary/mandibular molars and masseter/temporal muscles, and tongue and mandibular molars. Double retrograde labeling confirmed that some ganglion cells innervating these combinations were closely apposed. Our data provide essential information for understanding the function of ganglion cell–cell interactions via satellite cells.
miRNA‐449c‐5p regulates the JAK‐STAT pathway in inhibiting cell proliferation and invasion in human breast cancer cells by targeting ERBB2
Authors: Li Li , Zhang Yangqiurong , Yang Kunxian , Liu Wei , Zhou Ziting , Xu Ying 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundBreast cancer is a highly prevalent disease worldwide, and early diagnosis and treatment could reduce the mortality rate of breast cancer patients. microRNAs (miRNA) have been shown to regulate the occurrences and progression of many types of cancers. Thus, it is crucial to find novel biomarkers in breast cancer. miR‐449c‐5p acted as a biomarker in non‐small cell lung cancer, gastric carcinoma, and so forth. ERBB2 is an ideal target for breast cancer therapy. However, the molecular mechanisms between miR‐449c‐5p and ERBB2 in breast cancer remain poorly understood. Our study focused on the regulatory role of miR‐449c‐5p in breast cancer and its targeting relationship with ERBB2.MethodsThe miR‐449c‐5p expression in breast cancer tissue and normal tissue was searched from the online database (Starbase). The clinical prognosis of miR‐449c‐5p and ERBB2 was predicted by using the Kaplan–Meier analysis method. The expression of miR‐449c‐5p mimics and inhibitors was measured by qRT‐PCR. T47D cells were transfected with miR‐449c‐5p mimics and miR‐449c‐5p inhibitors. After that, CCK‐8, colony formation assays and Transwell assays were used to evaluate the cell proliferation ability, migration and invasion. Whether ERBB2 was the target gene of the miR‐449c‐5p was predicted by Starbase and verified by dual‐luciferase activity assay. In addition, protein levels and the relationship between signalling pathways were measured and validated using western blotting analysis.ResultsWe confirmed that miR‐449c‐5p was highly expressed in breast cancer tissue, and its downregulation was linked with poor prognosis. Overexpression of miR‐449c‐5p inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion of breast cancer cells. ERBB2 was a target of miR‐449c‐5p. The invasion, migration, and proliferation of breast cancer cells were inhibited by miR‐449c‐5p/ERBB2 through JAK‐STAT.ConclusionThis study demonstrated that miR‐449c‐5p inhibits breast cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion by targeting ERBB2 via JAK/STAT, which means miR‐449c‐5p, is a potential biomarker for breast cancer and provides a novel insight for diagnosis.
Radiologic patterns of distant organ metastasis in advanced breast cancer patients: Prospective review of computed tomography images
Authors: Jimah Bashiru Babatunde , Amoako Emmanuella , Ofori Emmanuel Owusu , Akakpo Patrick Kafui , Aniakwo Luke Adagrah , Ulzen‐Appiah Kofi , Imbeah Emmanuel Gustav , Morna Martin Tangnaa , Koggoh Patience , Akligoh Harry , Tackie Randy , Manu Aida , Paemka Lily , Sarkodie Benjamin Dabo , Offei Asare Kweku , Hutchful David , Ngoi Joyce , Bediako Yaw , Rahman Ganiyu Adebisi 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundBreast cancer (BC) metastases to the abdomen and pelvis affect the liver, mesentery, retroperitoneum, peritoneum, bladder, kidney, ovary, and uterus. The study documented the radiological pattern and features of the chest, bone, abdominal and pelvic (AP) metastases among advanced BC patients.AimThe aim is to document the radiological pattern and features of breast cancer metastasis in the chest, abdomen, pelvis and bones.Materials and ResultsChest, abdominal, and pelvic computed tomography scan images of 36 patients with advanced BC were collated from Cape Coast Teaching Hospital and RAAJ Diagnostics. The images were prospectively assessed for metastasis to the organs of the chest, AP soft tissues, and bones. Radiologic features of metastasis of the lungs, liver, lymph nodes (LNs), and bones were documented. Patients' demographics, clinical data, and histopathology reports were also collected. The data were captured using UVOSYO and exported to Microsoft Excel templates. The data obtained were descriptively analyzed. Only 2.8% of BCs exhibited metaplastic BC, whereas 97.2% had invasive ductal BC. Triple‐negative cases were 55.6%. Of 36 patients, 31 (86.1%), 21 (58.3%), and 14(38.8%) were diagnosed of chest, AP, and bone tissues metastasis, respectively. LN involvement was reported in 26 (72.2%) patients. Majority, 21 (58.3%) were diagnosed of multiple sites metastasis with 15 (41.7%) showing single site. Lungs (77.4%, 24/31) and liver (47.6%, 10/21) were the most affected distant organs. Most bone metastases were lytic lesions (92.9%, 13/14) with the vertebrae (85.7%, 12/14) been the most affected.ConclusionAccording to the study, advanced BC patients have a higher‐than‐average radiologic incidence of lung, liver, bone, and LN metastases.
Sex differences in autism‐like behavior and dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra of juvenile mice prenatally exposed to valproate
Authors: Zarate‐Lopez David , Garzón‐Partida Andrea P. , Gonzalez‐Perez Oscar , Gálvez‐Contreras Alma Y. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by deficits in social interaction and communication and repetitive and restricted behaviors. Sex dimorphism in the brain, including midbrain dopaminergic circuits, can explain differences in social behavior impairment and stereotypic behaviors between male and female individuals with ASD. These abnormal patterns may be due to alterations in dopamine synthesis in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and substantia nigra (SN). We used an autism‐like mouse model by prenatal valproic acid (VPA) exposure. CD1 pregnant female mice were injected with 500 mg/kg VPA or 0.9% NaCl as a vehicle on gestational day 12.5. In the offspring, on postnatal day 31, we examined the social and repetitive behaviors and the number of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)‐positive cells in VTA and SN by sex. Male VPA mice showed impaired social behavior and increased repetitive behaviors when compared to male vehicles. In females, we did not find statistically significant differences in social or repetitive behaviors between the groups. Male VPA mice had fewer TH+ cells in the SN than control‐vehicle mice. Interestingly, no cellular changes were observed between females. This study supports the notion that sex dimorphism of certain brain regions is involved in the etiopathogenesis and clinical presentation of ASD.
The acute effect of wearable resistance placement on change of direction performance in elite netball players
Authors: Ryan Chloe , Uthoff Aaron , McKenzie Chloe , Cronin John 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe aim of this study was to determine the acute effects of wearable resistance forearm (WRf) loading versus shank (WRs) loading on change of direction (COD) performance in netball athletes. Ten elite female netball athletes (age: 24.9 ± 5.0 years, height: 180.1 ± 6.5 cm, weight: 81.3 ± 15.0 kg) participated in this within‐subject repeated measures study under three conditions: (1) no load (NL), (2) WRs and (3) WRf, both wearable resistance conditions loaded with 1% body mass on each limb. Athletes performed a modified 5‐0‐5 COD test with additional timing splits and inertial measurement units placed in their shoes. Total time was significantly longer for both WR conditions with a small effect compared to NL (p < 0.05, ES = 0.22–0.25). The greatest differences between WRs and WRf as compared to NL were in the acceleration phase with moderate effect sizes (0–2 m) (p < 0.05, ES = −0.67–0.79). Both loading conditions had moderate to large significant effects on peak deceleration (ES = 0.56–0.82) and maximum speed (ES = −0.50–0.60). No significant differences were observed between WR conditions. It appeared that WRs and WRs acutely affected COD performance and therefore might provide a potential training stimulus to elicit positive COD performance adaptations if used over an extended period of time. The choice of overload depended on the musculature that needed training.
Vernacular constructions of the relationship between freedom of speech and (potential) hate speech: The case of Finland
Authors: Pettersson Katarina , Norocel Ov Cristian 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe blurred distinction between freedom of expression and hate speech in ever more polarised public debates across Europe and beyond has prompted research on hate speech, particularly focusing on right‐wing populist politicians. Little is known, however, about how this distinction is construed by ordinary citizens. Deploying the concept of retrogressive mobilisation, this study examines how cases of (potential) political hate speech – one targeting racialised minorities, the other the LGBTQ+ community – are interpreted and negotiated by ordinary citizens through their comments on online news in Finland. Deploying a critical discursive psychological approach, we analyse the vernacular meanings that ordinary citizens attach to the notions of political hate speech, thereby highlighting the dynamic relationship between political and everyday discourse. We evidence three discursive constructions of the relationship between freedom of expression and (potential) hate speech. In these constructions, the same rhetorical resources, especially the liberal arguments of equality and freedom of expression, were deployed to service the opposite discursive functions – that is, for both ‘liberal’ and ‘illiberal’ ends – to condemn and justify discrimination against minoritised groups. Our study contributes to the social psychological understanding of contemporary hate speech and builds a bridge between social psychology and the more recent field of anti‐gender research.