bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Participatory tree selection and fruit morphological characterization ofPhoebe cooperiana(U.N Kanjilal ex A. Das) in the Eastern Himalayas of India
Authors: Pabin Jasmine , Lyngdoh Nicolee , Dobhal Shivani , Upadhyaya Kalidas , Devi Mongjam Bishwapati 
Published: December 2023

AbstractSelection of desirable phenotypes and characterization of variability in economically important traits are essential for domestication of indigenous fruit trees (IFTs). Currently, participatory tree selection is a widely accepted approach in IFT domestication wherein farmers' knowledge and preferences are included in tree selection processes. In Arunachal Pradesh, India, fruits ofPhoebe cooperianaare extensively consumed by people and traded across the state. In this study, we employed a selection index to screen trees for superior fruit traits from a base population of 45 farmer-identified trees ofP. cooperianain Arunachal Pradesh. Based on fruit diameter length ratio, pulp fruit ratio and yield, 19 trees were selected for superior fruit traits. The per cent improvement for 10 fruit and seed traits ranged from 0.16 to 14.56% compared to the base population. Significant variation for all fruit and seed parameters was observed among the 19 trees with coefficient of variation values ranging between 1.92% for fruit diameter and 8.26% for seed weight. There was significant positive association between economic traits including fruit weight with pulp weight, fruit diameter length ratio with fruit weight and pulp thickness with pulp weight. Principal component analysis revealed that variability was largely contributed by fruit weight (0.49), pulp weight (0.46), seed weight (0.45) and fruit diameter (0.42). Cluster analysis grouped phenotypes into seven groups with no clear clustering of individuals from the same area. The study highlights the significance of participatory tree selection approach and the benefits of individual tree selection in capturing wider variation and locating extreme phenotypes in IFT domestication.
Combating Hateful Attitudes and Online Browsing Behavior: The Case of Antisemitism
Authors: Bailard Catie Snow , Graham Matthew H. , Gross Kimberly , Porter Ethan , Tromble Rebekah 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis study adds to the analogic perspective-taking literature by examining whether an online perspective-taking intervention affects both antisemitic attitudes and behaviors – in particular, engagement with antisemitic websites. Subjects who were randomly assigned to the treatment viewed a 90-s video of a college student describing an experience with antisemitism and reflected on its similarity to their own experiences. In a survey, treated subjects reported greater feelings of sympathy (+29 p.p.), more positive feelings toward Jews, a greater sense that Jews are discriminated against, and more support for policy solutions (+2–4 p.p.). However, these effects did not persist after 14 days. Examining our subjects’ web browsing data, we find a 5% reduction in time spent viewing antisemitic content during the posttreatment period and some limited, suggestive evidence of effects on the number of site visits. These findings provide the first evidence that perspective-taking interventions may affect online browsing behavior.
Sea Surface Salinity Strongly Weakens ENSO Spring Predictability Barrier
Authors: Pang Yiqun , Jin Yishuai , Zhao Yingying , Chen Xianyao , Li Xueqi , Liu Ting , Hu Junya 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPrevious studies suggested that tropical sea surface salinity (SSS) can influence tropical Pacific sea surface temperature (SST) through mixing and entrainment and thus it may be a signal for El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) prediction. This paper explores the influence of SSS on ENSO spring predictability barrier (SPB) using an empirical dynamic model ‐ Linear Inverse Model (LIM). By coupling and decoupling SSS in the LIM, we find that tropical Pacific SSS plays a significant role in weakening both Central‐Pacific and Eastern‐Pacific ENSO SPB. The evolution of optimal initial structure also shows the importance of SSS dynamics in ENSO. We found an SSS mode that plays the dominant role in SSS impacting ENSO prediction. By the analysis of lead‐lag correlation, we find that this mode can induce easterlies during the spring, which finally leads to a La Niña‐like SST pattern in the winter through zonal advective and thermocline feedbacks.
Statistical Properties of Lower Hybrid Waves Within Foreshock Transient Boundaries
Authors: Guo Zhenyuan , Dai Lei , Wang Chi , Ren Yong 
Published: December 2023

AbstractLower hybrid waves (LHWs) are plasma waves commonly observed within the foreshock transient environment. Using Magnetospheric Multiscale in situ measurements, we present a statistical analysis of LHWs regarding their spatial distribution, wave properties, occurrence rate, and potential impact on plasmas at the density boundaries of foreshock transients. LHWs are mostly localized at the low‐density side of the boundaries, with a typical wave electric field below 2 mV/m. The occurrence rate of LHWs decreases as the density gradient length scale (Ln) normalized to the ion gyroradius (ρi) increases and the plasma beta (β) increases. This dependence of the wave occurrence is consistent with the linear growth rate of LHWs. The occurrence rate of LHWs exhibits a preference for conditions characterized by Ln/ρi < 3 and β < 3. In the case of a strong gradient (Ln/ρi ≲ 0.5), the occurrence rate exceeds 0.2. These findings provide valuable statistical evidence shedding light on the average behavior of LHWs within foreshock transients.
Patient’s disability and caregiver burden among Chinese family caregivers of individual living with schizophrenia: mediation effects of potentially harmful behavior, affiliate stigma, and social support
Authors: Qiu Dan , Li Yilu , Wu Qiuyan , An Yanni , Tang Zixuan , Xiao Shuiyuan 
Published: December 2023

AbstractEvidence on the associations between patient’s disability and caregiver burden among Chinese family caregivers of individual living with schizophrenia is lacking. This study aimed at explore the underlying mechanisms between patient’s disability and caregiver burden among Chinese family caregivers of individual living with schizophrenia. A cross-sectional study was carried out in four Chinese cities (Wuhan, Changsha, Guangzhou, and Shenzhen), between April, 2021 and March, 2022. A total of 493 patients and their family caregivers were invited to report related data. The Zarit burden interview, WHODAS 2.0, the Potentially harmful behavior scale, the Affiliate Stigma Scale, and the Multidimensional Scale of perceived social support were used to collect data. Linear regression analysis and bootstrapping analysis were conducted. The adjusted regression results showed that patients’ disability (B = 0.616; 95% CI: 0.479–0.753), potentially harmful behavior on caregivers (B = 0.474; 95% CI: 0.232–0.716), and caregiver’s low social support (B = −0.079; 95% CI: −0.158– −0.002), high level of affiliate stigma (B = 13.045; 95% CI: 10.227–15.864) were associated with higher level of caregiver burden (p < 0.05). In the mediation model, the direct path from patient’s disability to caregiver burden (B = 0.428, β = 0.371, p < 0.001) was significant and positive. Patient’s disability was indirectly associated with caregiver burden through patient’s potentially harmful behavior, caregiver’s affiliate stigma, and social support, the standardized regression coefficients ranged from 0.026-0.049 (p < 0.05). Patient’s potentially harmful behavior, caregiver’s affiliate stigma, and social support mediated the relationship between patients’ disability and caregiver burden. Future intervention studies designed to target these three factors may be beneficial for family caregivers of persons living with schizophrenia.
Effect of knowledgebase transition of a clinical decision support system on medication order and alert patterns in an emergency department
Authors: Jung Weon , Yu Jaeyong , Park Hyunjung , Chae Minjung Kathy , Lee Sang Seob , Choi Jong Soo , Kang Mira , Chang Dong Kyung , Cha Won Chul 
Published: December 2023

AbstractA knowledgebase (KB) transition of a clinical decision support (CDS) system occurred at the study site. The transition was made from one commercial database to another, provided by a different vendor. The change was applied to all medications in the institute. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of KB transition on medication-related orders and alert patterns in an emergency department (ED). Data of patients, medication-related orders and alerts, and physicians in the ED from January 2018 to December 2020 were analyzed in this study. A set of definitions was set to define orders, alerts, and alert overrides. Changes in order and alert patterns before and after the conversion, which took place in May 2019, were assessed. Overall, 101,450 patients visited the ED, and 1325 physicians made 829,474 prescription orders to patients during visit and at discharge. Alert rates (alert count divided by order count) for periods A and B were 12.6% and 14.1%, and override rates (alert override count divided by alert count) were 60.8% and 67.4%, respectively. Of the 296 drugs that were used more than 100 times during each period, 64.5% of the drugs had an increase in alert rate after the transition. Changes in alert rates were tested using chi-squared test and Fisher’s exact test. We found that the CDS system knowledgebase transition was associated with a significant change in alert patterns at the medication level in the ED. Careful consideration is advised when such a transition is performed.
Transcriptomic analysis reveals candidate genes associated with salinity stress tolerance during the early vegetative stage in fababean genotype, Hassawi-2
Authors: Afzal Muhammad , Alghamdi Salem S. , Khan Muhammad Altaf , Al-Faifi Sulieman A. , Rahman Muhammad Habib ur 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAbiotic stresses are a significant constraint to plant production globally. Identifying stress-related genes can aid in the development of stress-tolerant elite genotypes and facilitate trait and crop manipulation. The primary aim of this study was to conduct whole transcriptome analyses of the salt-tolerant faba bean genotype, Hassawi-2, under different durations of salt stress (6 h, 12 h, 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h) at the early vegetative stage, to better understand the molecular basis of salt tolerance. After de novo assembly, a total of 140,308 unigenes were obtained. The up-regulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were 2380, 2863, 3057, 3484, and 4820 at 6 h, 12 h, 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h of salt stress, respectively. Meanwhile, 1974, 3436, 2371, 3502, and 5958 genes were downregulated at 6 h, 12 h, 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h of salt stress, respectively. These DEGs encoded various regulatory and functional proteins, including kinases, plant hormone proteins, transcriptional factors (TFs) basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH), Myeloblastosis (MYB), and (WRKY), heat shock proteins (HSPs), late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) proteins, dehydrin, antioxidant enzymes, and aquaporin proteins. This suggests that the faba bean genome possesses an abundance of salinity resistance genes, which trigger different adaptive mechanisms under salt stress. Some selected DEGs validated the RNA sequencing results, thus confirming similar gene expression levels. This study represents the first transcriptome analysis of faba bean leaves subjected to salinity stress offering valuable insights into the mechanisms governing salt tolerance in faba bean during the vegetative stage. This comprehensive investigation enhances our understanding of precise gene regulatory mechanisms and holds promise for the development of novel salt-tolerant faba bean salt-tolerant cultivars.
Lactate dehydrogenase and hemolysis index to predict vaso-occlusive crisis in sickle cell disease
Authors: Feugray Guillaume , Dumesnil Cécile , Grall Maximilien , Benhamou Ygal , Girot Helene , Fettig Julie , Brunel Valery , Billoir Paul 
Published: December 2023

AbstractSickle cell disease (SCD) is an inherited hemoglobinopathy disorder associated with chronic hemolysis. A major complication is vaso-occlusive crisis (VOC), associating frequent hospitalization, morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to investigate whether hemolysis biomarkers were able to predict VOC risk in adult patients with SCD requiring hospitalization within 1 year. This single-center prospective study included adult patients with SCD at steady state or during VOC. A total of 182 patients with SCD were included, 151 at steady state and 31 during VOC. Among the 151 patients at steady state 41 experienced VOC within 1 year (median: 3.0 months [2.0–6.5]). We observed an increase of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (p = 0.01) and hemolysis index (HI) (p = 0.0043) during VOC compared to steady state. Regarding patients with VOC requiring hospitalization, LDH (p = 0.0073) and HI (p = 0.04) were increased. In unadjusted logistic regression, LDH > median (> 260 U/L) (RR = 3.6 [1.29–10.88], p = 0.0098) and HI > median (> 8 UA/L) (RR = 3.13 [1.91–5.33]; p < 0.001) were associated with VOC. The association of LDH > 260 U/L and HI > 12 UA/L presented a sensitivity of 90%, and a specificity of 72.9% to predict VOC. The association of LDH and HI cut-off was able to predict VOC risk in SCD.
Simulation of thermal hazards risk in octogen based on non-isothermal DSC data
Authors: Wang Zhi , Jin Shaohua , Li Lijie , Chao Hui , Qian Shichuan , Zhao Xinping , Sheng Xin , Lu Zhiyan , Gu Guanghui , Chen Shusen , Chen Kun 
Published: December 2023

AbstractTo evaluate the possible thermal risks associated with the storage of octogen (HMX), non-isothermal differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) experiments were conducted in order to ascertain the kinetic model and parameters governing its thermal decomposition. DSC measurements indicate that HMX underwent a crystal transformation prior to thermal decomposition. A kinetic model for the autocatalytic thermal decomposition process was developed through the analysis of its primary exothermic peaks. Subsequently, numerical simulations were performed using the aforementioned kinetic model to assess the potential thermal explosion hazard of HMX under two distinct storage conditions. The comparison was made between the models of HMX autocatalytic decomposition temperature and thermal explosion critical temperature under two distinct storage conditions. The prediction of the influence of ambient temperature on the critical temperature of thermal explosion is conducted simultaneously. Finally, the thermal hazard parameters of HMX under different package quality are given.
On the adsorption characteristics and mechanism of methylene blue by ball mill modified biochar
Authors: Wang Jinxia , Tan Yunfeng , Yang Hongjun , Zhan Lingling , Sun Guowen , Luo Le 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn this study, modified biochar (BRB) was prepared from rice straw by ball milling technique and used for the adsorption of methylene blue (MB) in wastewater. The BRB was characterized by SEM, FTIR and XPS, and the adsorption model and Box–Behnken design were used to optimize the five influencing factors. The results showed that the ball milling technique could increase the content of functional groups (–OH, C=C and C–O, etc.) and aromatic structures on the surface of biochar, thus facilitating the removal of MB. The isotherm model was consistent with the Langmuir adsorption model (R2 = 0.947) and the maximum adsorption capacity was 50.27 mg/g. The adsorption kinetics was consistent with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model (R2 = 1) and the adsorption rate was mainly controlled by chemisorption. The thermodynamic model confirmed that the adsorption process was a spontaneous heat absorption reaction. The maximum adsorption efficiency was 99.78% under the optimal conditions (40℃, pH 8, reaction time = 90 min, dosing amount = 0.1 mg), and the adsorption efficiency could be improved by increasing the pH and BRB dosing amount. The surface functional groups and crystal structure properties of BRB were the main determinants of adsorption, and it was clarified that physical adsorption, electrostatic attraction and π-π interaction were the main mechanisms for the adsorption of MB by BRB. The main mechanisms were clarified. Therefore, BRB is an economic, efficient and green adsorption material with good potential for the removal of dye pollutants in the aqueous environment.
Potentially toxic metals in irrigation water, soil, and vegetables and their health risks using Monte Carlo models
Authors: Orosun Muyiwa Michael , Nwabachili Samuel , Alshehri Reem F. , Omeje Maxwell , Alshdoukhi Ibtehaj F. , Okoro Hussein K. , Ogunkunle Clement O. , Louis Hitler , Abdulhamid Fakoya A. , Osahon Stephen Erhonmonsele , Mohammed Adamu Usman , Ehinlafa Emmanuel Olusegun , Yunus Sodiq Omotayo , Ife-Adediran Oluwatobi 
Published: December 2023

AbstractFood safety has become a serious global concern because of the accumulation of potentially toxic metals (PTMs) in crops cultivated on contaminated agricultural soils. Amongst these toxic elements, arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), and lead (Pb) receive worldwide attention because of their ability to cause deleterious health effects. Thus, an assessment of these toxic metals in the soils, irrigation waters, and the most widely consumed vegetables in Nigeria; Spinach (Amaranthushybridus), and Cabbage (Brassica oleracea) was evaluated using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). The mean concentration (measured in mg kg−1) of the PTMs in the soils was in the sequence Cr (81.77) > Pb(19.91) > As(13.23) > Cd(3.25), exceeding the WHO recommended values in all cases. This contamination was corroborated by the pollution evaluation indices. The concentrations (measured in mg l−1) of the PTMs in the irrigation water followed a similar pattern i.e. Cr(1.87) > Pb(1.65) > As(0.85) > Cd(0.20). All the PTMs being studied, were found in the vegetables with Cr (5.37 and 5.88) having the highest concentration, followed by Pb (3.57 and 4.33), and As (1.09 and 1.67), while Cd (0.48 and 1.04) had the lowest concentration (all measured in mg kg−1) for cabbage and spinach, respectively. The concentration of the toxic metals was higher in spinach than in cabbage, which may be due to the redistribution of the greater proportion of the metals above the ground tissue, caused by the bioavailability of metals in the aqueous phase. Expectedly, the hazard index (HI),and carcinogenic risk values of spinach were higher than that of cabbage. This implies that spinach poses potentially higher health risks. Similarly, the Monte Carlo simulation results reveal that the 5th percentile, 95th percentile, and 50th percentile of the cumulative probability of cancer risks due to the consumption of these vegetables exceeds the acceptable range of 1.00E−6 and 1.00E−4. Thus, the probable risk of a cancerous effect is high, and necessary remedial actions are recommended.
A mathematical model of Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, Methanobrevibacter smithii, and Eubacterium rectale interactions in the human gut
Authors: Adrian Melissa A. , Ayati Bruce P. , Mangalam Ashutosh K. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe human gut microbiota is a complex ecosystem that affects a range of human physiology. In order to explore the dynamics of the human gut microbiota, we used a system of ordinary differential equations to model mathematically the biomass of three microorganism populations: Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, Eubacterium rectale, and Methanobrevibacter smithii. Additionally, we modeled the concentrations of relevant nutrients necessary to sustain these populations over time. Our model highlights the interactions and the competition among these three species. These three microorganisms were specifically chosen due to the system’s end product, butyrate, which is a short chain fatty acid that aids in developing and maintaining the intestinal barrier in the human gut. The basis of our mathematical model assumes the gut is structured such that bacteria and nutrients exit the gut at a rate proportional to its volume, the rate of volumetric flow, and the biomass or concentration of the particular population or nutrient. We performed global sensitivity analyses using Sobol’ sensitivities to estimate the relative importance of model parameters on simulation results.
Real-world retention rates of biologics in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Takami Kenji , Tsuji Shigeyoshi 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAlthough biologics have their own characteristics, there are no clear criteria for selecting them to treat the patients with rheumatoid arthritis. To assist in selecting biologics, we investigated the retention rates of biologics at our institution. We examined retention rates, and reasons for dropout for biologics in 393 cases and 605 prescriptions (of which 378 prescriptions were as naive) at our hospital since October 2003. Throughout the entire course of the study, etanercept (ETN) was the most frequently used biologic, followed by adalimumab (ADA) and tocilizumab (TCZ). When narrowed down to the later period from 2010, ETN was still the most used, followed by TCZ and abatacept (ABT). When the retention rates were compared in biologic naive patients, the retention rates were TCZ, ABT, ETN, certolizumab pegol (CZP), golimumab (GLM), infliximab (IFX), and ADA, in that order. The retention rates were better with the first use of each biologic. The main reasons for dropout were primary ineffectiveness, secondary ineffectiveness, and infection. ETN was the most used biologic in our hospital, with an increasing trend toward the use of non-TNF inhibitors. Retention rates were higher in non-TNF inhibitors.
Exploring relationships among multi-disciplinary assessments for knee joint health in service members with traumatic unilateral lower limb loss: a two-year longitudinal investigation
Authors: Wasser Joseph G. , Hendershot Brad D. , Acasio Julian C. , Dodd Lauren D. , Krupenevich Rebecca L. , Pruziner Alison L. , Miller Ross H. , Goldman Stephen M. , Valerio Michael S. , Senchak Lien T. , Murphey Mark D. , Heltzel David A. , Fazio Michael G. , Dearth Christopher L. , Hager Nelson A. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractMotivated by the complex and multifactorial etiologies of osteoarthritis, here we use a comprehensive approach evaluating knee joint health after unilateral lower limb loss. Thirty-eight male Service members with traumatic, unilateral lower limb loss (mean age = 38 yr) participated in a prospective, two-year longitudinal study comprehensively evaluating contralateral knee joint health (i.e., clinical imaging, gait biomechanics, physiological biomarkers, and patient-reported outcomes); seventeen subsequently returned for a two-year follow-up visit. For this subset with baseline and follow-up data, outcomes were compared between timepoints, and associations evaluated between values at baseline with two-year changes in tri-compartmental joint space. Upon follow-up, knee joint health worsened, particularly among seven Service members who presented at baseline with no joint degeneration (KL = 0) but returned with evidence of degeneration (KL ≥ 1). Joint space narrowing was associated with greater patellar tilt (r[12] = 0.71,p = 0.01), external knee adduction moment (r[13] = 0.64,p = 0.02), knee adduction moment impulse (r[13] = 0.61,p = 0.03), and CTX-1 concentration (r[11] = 0.83,p = 0.001), as well as lesser KOOSSportand VR-36General Health(r[16] = − 0.69,p = 0.01 and r[16] = − 0.69,p = 0.01, respectively). This longitudinal, multi-disciplinary investigation highlights the importance of a comprehensive approach to evaluate the fast-progressing onset of knee osteoarthritis, particularly among relatively young Service members with lower limb loss.