bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Viscoelastic Properties of Plastics
Authors: Bueche F. 
Published: April 2005

A general method has been devised to predict the viscoelastic behavior of plastics. A simplified model of the molecule is assumed and its general motion is treated by the method of normal coordinates. General equations have been developed such that when the manner of application of external forces to the molecule is known, the molecule's general behavior may be found in a convenient and straightforward fashion.
This method has been used to obtain theoretical curves for the viscoelastic behavior of cross-linked polymers subjected to sinusoidal forces. Also, the similar problem for linear material has been solved together with the creep and stress relaxation problems. It is shown that the temperature-time superposition procedure of Ferry and Tobolsky has a firm theoretical basis. In general, the theoretical curves appear to agree with the limited experimental data available. The method is also applied to the case of dilute solutions and comparison is made with the result obtained by Rouse using a different approach.
Absorption Intensities of the Isomeric Pentenes in the Vacuum Ultraviolet
Authors: Semenow Dorothy , Harrison Anna J. , Carr Emma P. 
Published: April 2005

Quantitative measurements of the absorption spectra of the six isomeric pentenes in vapor phase have been made in the region 45 000—65 000 cm—1. The maximum of the intense band (N→V) is the same for 1-pentene, cis-2-pentene, and 2-methyl-2-butene, with one, two, and three alkyl substituents, respectively. The results show that in a series of hydrocarbons, where the molecular weight is unchanged and the number of alkyl groups is the only variable, the position of the N→V maximum is not a function of the number of alkyl substituents. From the standpoint of methyl substituents, there is no shift between cis-2-pentene with one methyl group and 2-methyl-2-butene with three. In the absence of such a shift, spectral evidence in support of hyperconjugation in the substituted ethylenes is lacking.
The N→V maximum for trans-2-pentene is less intense and at somewhat longer wavelength than for the cis-isomer. The greatest shift in this band is with 2-methyl-1-butene, where the two alkyl groups are on the same carbon atom. These results indicate the importance of molecular shape in determining the energy of the N→V transition in the monoolefins.
The positions of the shallow bands (N→R) on the long wave side of the N→V band are in substantial agreement with earlier measurements and confirm the conclusion that the energy of this transition is dependent on the number of alkyl substituents on the carbon atoms of the double bond. The possibility of other Rydberg bands on the short wave side is discussed briefly. Oscillator strengths for the N→V band are given for the six pentenes; these vary from 0.26 in 2-methyl-1-butene to 0.45 in cis-2-pentene but their value for testing theoretical predictions is doubtful because of the overlapping of different electronic transitions.
Scattering of High-Velocity Neutral Particles. II. Helium-Helium
Authors: Amdur I. , Harkness A. L. 
Published: April 2005

Total collision cross sections have been measured for helium atoms, with energies between 500 and 2100 ev, scattered in room temperature helium. Measurements were made with two detectors of different geometric aperture, 13.4 and 0.96 minutes. In order to obtain meaningful potential energy information from such results, it is necessary to determine effective apertures by taking into account beam shape, intensity distribution, and for the case where the beam is wider than the detector, scattering to the detector from external regions of the beam. Potential energy functions have been derived from the cross sections obtained with the two detectors. The functions agree within a factor of about 1.3 as compared with 0.17 when geometric apertures are used directly. The results from both detectors have been represented by an average function, namely, V(r)=7.55×10−12/r5.94 ergsfor values of r between 1.27A and 1.59A.
The potential energy information obtained from the present experiments is in agreement with theoretical calculations of P. Rosen and H. Margenau within the uncertainty of such calculations. The information also appears to be consistent with that derived from measurements of gaseous compressibility and viscosity, for values of r between 1.90A and 2.30A.
Kinetics of the Fast Gas Phase Reaction between Ozone and Nitric Oxide
Authors: Johnston Harold S. , Crosby Harvey J. 
Published: April 2005

The rate of reaction between ozone and nitric oxide was followed optically at —43 and —75°. The reaction appears to be elementary bimolecular NO+O3=NO2+O2and the rate constant is k=0.8×1012e−2500/RT cc mole−1sec−1.
The pre-exponential factor for this reaction is compared with those of six other elementary gas phase reactions of the type X+Y=Z+W+···involving the oxides of nitrogen for which the energies of activation were higher. For this series of similar reactions the molecular complexity of the reactants is about constant (five or six atoms), and there appears to be no systematic difference in pre-exponential factor between the fast and the slow reactions.
Measurement of Temperature Distribution in a Low-Pressure Flat Flame
Authors: Friedman Raymond , Burke Edward 
Published: April 2005

The temperature distribution in a very lean, flat propane-air flame was measured by the thermocouple method, at a pressure of 0.0594 atmos. The temperature change occurred in a zone about 3 cm thick. Wallquenching was minimized by employing a burner tube diam of 25 cm. The thermocouple was made from 12-micron wire, coated with ceramic to avoid catalytic effects. One hundred experimental traverse points were obtained, with a standard deviation of ±0.016 cm.
The burning velocity was also measured, and was found to vary with the inverse 0.30 power of pressure. This is in agreement with Egerton and Sen's result, obtained over a more limited range of pressure.
The temperature pattern was analyzed mathematically to obtain the pattern of heat release rate, taking into account the variation with temperature of thermal conductivity and specific heat. It was found that the heat release began at 300°C, attained a maximum value of 1.2 cal/cm3-sec at 1100°C, was nowhere negative, and was finite over a zone about 2 cm thick. The maximum temperature of the flame was 1332°C. The result obtained for the ``ignition point'' was found to be extremely sensitive to the exponent giving the temperature dependence of the thermal conductivity. Some calculations relating to the chemical kinetics of the flame are described.
Studies of Evaporation of Small Drops
Authors: Monchick Louis , Reiss Howard 
Published: April 2005

The rates of evaporation of small droplets of diamyl sebecate (average radius R∼10—4 cm) were measured in a Millikan oil-drop chamber, and observed to obey a law of the form dR/dT = a/(1+bR) which has been predicted by the theories of Fuchs and Frisch and Collins. Using a nonequilibrium distribution function of the velocities, the relationship has been rederived in a more rigorous fashion (over a limited range of conditions). Certain corrections in the constants a and b are introduced, and the validity of the Fuchs theory in this range of conditions is demonstrated. Using the formulation of Frisch and Collins, the law may be derived in the same form, subject to certain approximations.
An empirical form of the Stokes-Cunningham law for the limiting velocity of fall in a dilute medium has been obtained for dicapryl sebecate in air.
Szilard-Chalmers Reaction on CH3I
Authors: Brustad Tor , Baarli Johan 
Published: April 2005

Studies on the ``hot atom'' reactions resulting from slow neutron irradiation of methyl iodide have been carried out. The results show that concentration of free iodine below 0.007 percent in CH3I during irradiation has a great influence on the distribution of the 25-min I128 between CH3I, CH2I2, and I2.
Comparison of experiments at temperatures below —55°C with carefully purified CH3I indicates that the yield of the reactions in pure CH3I is: CH3I, 44.4 percent; CH2I2, 11.2 percent; and I2, 44.2 percent.
The influence of the temperature on this reaction shows that no change in yield has been found at the shift between liquid and solid state. Co60 rays at a rate of 2 roentgen per min at the side of sampling during neutron irradiation, do not change the distribution of the radioactive I128 between the compounds.
Exact Solution of the Debye-Hückel Equations for a Polarized Electrode
Authors: Macdonald J. Ross , Brachman Malcolm K. 
Published: April 2005

A recent solution of the Debye-Hückel equations for a single polarized electrode obtained by Breyer and Gutmann is revised to yield an exact solution of this problem. This solution is compared with an earlier result of H. Müller derived from different initial equations and the solutions are shown to be identical.
The present solution applies only to the diffuse part of the double layer of electrolyte theory and yields the following expression for the mean local potential within the material as a function of the distance x from a polarized anode ψ=(2kT/e)ln{coth[12(x/LD+sinh−1{csch(eV0/2kT)})]},where LD is the Debye length and V0 the potential applied between electrode and charge-containing material.
Second-Order Quadrupole Effects in Asymmetric Tops. The Microwave Spectrum of Vinyl Iodide
Authors: Morgan H. W. , Goldstein J. H. 
Published: April 2005

The J = 3→4 transition of the asymmetric rotor, vinyl iodide, has been observed in the region 24 000—26 000 Mc. The groupings 312→413 and 313→414 have been studied, and the quadrupolar hyperfine patterns, arising from the iodine nucleus, have been fitted to second-order theory with an average error of ±0.12 Mc.
The values determined for the coupling parameters are ξaa = —1656 Mc and ξbb = +770 Mc, each to within ±10 Mc. On the assumption that the C–I bond is a principal axis of the ξ tensor, ξzz the value along the C–I bond, was found to be —1877 Mc, and ξab to equal —765 Mc. Assuming planarity, and neglecting centrifugal distortion, the following values of the rotational constants were obtained: (b+c) = 6325.41±0.03 Mc, (b—c) = 192.03±0.05 Mc, and κ = —0.9921554±0.0000031.
Photoionization and Total Absorption Cross Section of Gases. I. Ionization Potentials of Several Molecules. Cross Sections of NH3 and NO
Authors: Watanabe K. 
Published: April 2005

Ionization potentials determined by examining the long wavelength limit of the ionization continuum for H2S, CS2, C6H6, toluene, p-xylene, C2H4, butadiene, and CH3I agreed with spectroscopic values obtained by Price and co-workers. Values are reported also for NH3, NO, acetone, methyl-ethyl-ketone, CH3OH, and C2H5OH.
Improved energy measurements showed that photoionization cross sections of NO in the region 1070—1340A obtained earlier were about 40 percent too low. At 1215.6A the photoionization and the total cross sections are 2.0×10—18 and 2.4×10—18 cm2, respectively, the difference being ascribed to an absorption band. The photoionization cross section of NH3 was found to rise rather gradually with decreasing wavelength in the region 1220—1060A and to reach a value of 9×10—18 cm2 at 1060A.
Intimations of Evil?
Authors: Wiebe Phillip 
Published: April 2005

AbstractIn this chapter the evidence is examined from biblical history, the Ante-Nicene Church, the medieval world, and from contemporary experience in apparent support of the phenomena of demonic possession and exorcism. Attention is given to the peculiar but meaningful utterances associated with alleged demonization, including instances of “voices” from biblical literature and contemporary experience that suggest dissociative identity disorder. The significance of the incident in the synoptic gospels in which evil spirits are described as having been expelled from men into swine—demonic contagion—is examined in detail, with a view to demonstrating how the causal role given to the evil spirits allows them to be contextually defined without speculating further on their ultimate ontological character.
Judeo-Christian Experience of the Holy
Authors: Wiebe Phillip 
Published: April 2005

AbstractAn overview of phenomena in Judaeo-Christian history deemed to involve holy beings is undertaken with a view to uncovering the methodological, epistemological, and ontological questions these phenomena present. The phenomena that are examined, which date from biblical times but are still reported today, include dreams, encounters with angels, and the experience of radiant light or radiance. Special attention is given to alleged special acts in the history of Christian faith, especially the Resurrection of Jesus, the evidence for which includes supposed appearances of him and, more controversially, the Shroud of Turin. The question whether these appearances might be little more than altered states of consciousness is also examined.
The Theory of Spirits
Authors: Wiebe Phillip 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThis chapter, central to this book, elaborates on the theory of spirits that has been advanced to explain numerous kinds of phenomena, a few of which were sampled in the first two chapters. The importance of abductive argument in advancing the existence of unobservable beings or objects, as opposed to deductive and probabilistic reasoning, is defended. The theory of spirits is construed as empiricist in character, whose descriptions are sometimes theory-laden and whose postulated beings are contextually defined primarily by the causal roles these postulated beings play in the theory. The view of physical objects advanced by phenomenalism, such as that found in many logical positivists, is examined, with a view to explaining how it illuminates challenges that beset an empirical approach to religion. The boundary of naturalism is discussed, especially inasmuch as the spirits postulated to exist in religion are definable by their causal links to phenomena or objects that are unquestionable naturalistic.
The Challenge of Naturalism
Authors: Wiebe Phillip 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThis chapter examines several challenges coming from naturalistic perspectives to the thesis of this book, including: (a) the view of J. J. C. Smart, who claims that naturalism (or physicalism) is capable of providing explanations for all significant events to date, and that whatever is not now successfully explained, in a short time will be; (b) the view of Donald Wiebe and others who claim that the language of religion is mythopoeic and consequently not suitable for description and explanation in ways that resemble the language of cognitive discourse, including science; and (c) the claim of Kai Nielsen and others that the claims of Judaeo-Christian faith are inconsistent with one another and consequently are not capable of rational assessment. The reconstructed theory of religion advanced in earlier chapters is shown to be capable of overcoming these difficulties.
A Great Racial Commission
Authors: Lee Daniel B. 
Published: April 2005

Abstract
During the late nineteenth century, White Americans developed an enduring image of themselves as a superior race with a manifest destiny. They did this by drawing distinctions and observing differences between themselves and other groups of people. With their political and economic power, White Americans had the means to effectively communicate about themselves as a race. In print, delivered to the home, read by the whole family, the racial and religious discourse disseminated by family house magazines and other popular publications helped to produce and replicate the self-referential communication of White Americans.
“In Search of Souls, in Search of Indians”
Authors: O'Hara Julia Cummings 
Published: April 2005

Abstract
This essay explores the evolving landscape of religious and racial difference in the Sierra Tarahumara region of Chihuahua, Mexico, over the first half of the twentieth century. Specifically, the essay explores the competing efforts of Jesuit missionaries and the Mexican state to evangelize and “civilize” the Tarahumara Indians after the revolution of 1910. A fundamental argument is that, in the Sierra Tarahumara, both the religious (Jesuit) missionaries of the Catholic church and the secular (cultural) missionaries of the Mexican state played important roles in linking local understandings of race and religion to the national-level debates over the “Indian problem” and national identity that emerged in Mexico after the revolution.
A. J. Tomlinson
Authors: Robins Roger Glenn 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThis book explores the life of Ambrose Jessup Tomlinson, chronicling his childhood and family life, spiritual journey, missionary work, and his role in establishing the Church of God. Its main objective is to reconcile the holiness-pentecostal tradition to its origins, and the trajectory of its subsequent history. The term “plainfolk modernist” is coined, to suggest that both Tomlinson and the world he inhabited expressed a vibrant strain of modernism, though voiced in the idioms of American plainfolk culture.
Holiness, Modernity, and American Evangelicalism before the Divide
Authors: Robins Roger Glenn 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThis chapter argues that radical holiness should be viewed as an antagonistic subculture within one of the two major progressive wings of American Protestantism in the Victorian era. Radical holiness alienation is related to the gentrification of antebellum popular evangelicalism. The difference between radical holiness and mainstream Protestantism had little to do with one’s relative “modernity”.
Radical Holiness
Authors: Robins Roger Glenn 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThis chapter discusses the concept of radical holiness. It defines the adjectives plainfolk and radical. Radical holiness is examined based on key behavioral and valuational indexes to capture its personality and temperament, and locate it on the spectrum of enthusiasm for and appropriation of values associated with modernism. It then addresses countervailing tendencies within radical holiness that qualify its characterization as plainfolk modernism.
Radical Holiness and Plainfolk Modernism
Authors: Robins Roger Glenn 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThis chapter explores the ways radical holiness captured, reflected, and embraced the tenor of its times. The qualities associated with modernity pervaded the movement’s culture and ideology. These qualities include the celebration of innovation and change; cultural optimism; the glorification of science, technology, and power; a dialectic relationship with urbanization; blurring of regional boundaries; and a social ethics that undermined traditional assumptions about race and gender. Radical holiness voiced each of these qualities in the idioms of plainfolk culture.
The Day of Small Things
Authors: Robins Roger Glenn 
Published: April 2005

AbstractA.J. Tomlinson was appointed to the Home Mission and Temperance Committee of Chester Preparative’s mother congregation, the Westfield Monthly Meeting in summer 1891. This provided him with a deeper sense of the urgent needs around him. In an effort to remedy the nation’s ills, he joined the Populist Party in time for the 1892 elections. This political experiment played a key role in his road to holiness.
Culture Wars
Authors: Robins Roger Glenn 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThis chapter argues that A.J. Tomlinson cultivated animosity while in Culberson. This process had at least three dimensions. First, Tomlinson’s manner embodied the antistructural iconoclasm that raised hackles wherever holiness was found. Second, Tomlinson made room for himself by prying his target community’s preexisting fault lines. Third, his mission bore the crusading flag of the Yankee cultural imperialism, and its every benevolent act came shrouded in an aura of condescension.
The Church of God
Authors: Robins Roger Glenn 
Published: April 2005

AbstractIn the fall of 1904, A.J. Tomlinson moved to Cleveland, Tennessee where he began planting congregations. His extensive organizational, pastoral and performance skills resulted in scores joining his churches. Tomlinson’s success is attributed to something old and something new. The old consisted of his restless energy. The new consisted of a more irenic and sociable habit of mind.
Pentecost!
Authors: Robins Roger Glenn 
Published: April 2005

AbstractOn January 11, 1907, the General Assembly of Tomlinson’s Union Grove congregation decided to call themselves the “Church of God”. By this time, Tomlinson had accepted the principle of Pentecostal baptism and began orienting his services more specifically along “pentecostal lines”. Pentecostalism had only begun to coalesce, evolving from an amorphous subculture within holiness into a nascent movement of its own distinguished by speaking in other tongues and the meaning it attributed to that experience. Glossolalia had become the catalyst and differentiating feature of an aggressive new force in American life.
Order in the Courts
Authors: Robins Roger Glenn 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThis chapter presents the story of John B. Goins’ attempt to dethrone A.J. Tomlinson at Cleveland. John B. Goins joined the Church of God as one of Tomlinson prized recruits. In August 1909, Tomlinson departed to fulfill a pastoral appointment, leaving Goins in charge. Goins’ took advantage of his absence and introduced liturgical reforms, and managed to get Tomlinson kicked out of his own church.
Divine Mother, Blessed Mother
Authors: Clooney Francis X. 
Published: April 2005

Abstract
Analyzing six Hindu and Christian hymns, Clooney asks questions such as: How have Hindu theologians made room for a feminine divine alongside the masculine, and why? How has Christian thinking about divine gender differed from Hindu thinking? What might contemporary feminists, including goddess worshippers and experts in the field of thealogy, learn from the goddess traditions of India? It begins by looking at three specific goddesses as they are presented and addressed in religiously and theologically rich hymns from the Sanskrit and Tamil traditions: Sri Laksmi, the eternal consort of Lord Visnu and life-giver to Him and all the world, praised in the Sri Guna Ratna Kosa (“Treasury of the Jewels That Are Sri’s Qualities”) by Parasara Bhattar (61 verses; 12th century); the great Goddess Devi, in whom the world and gods too exist and flourish, praised in the Saundarya Lahari (“Wave of Beauty”) attributed to Sankara (100 verses; c. 10th century or before); the lovely Tamil Goddess Apirami, who illumines the innermost mind and heart, praised in the Apirami Antati (“Linked Verses for Apirami [the Beautiful One]”) by Apirami Bhattar (100 verses; 18th century). Set alongside the Hindu hymns are three Marian hymns, the ancient Orthodox Christian Akathistos hymn to the Mother of God (6th century); the Stabat Mater, picturing Mary standing by the cross of her son (13th century); the Mataracamman Antati (“Linked Verses in Honor of the Queen among Women, the Goddess [of Mylapore]),” a Tamil hymn praising Mary as the (new and real) mother of Mylapore, a center of Hindu orthodoxy in south India (19th century). Clooney shows how Goddess traditions can be drawn into fruitful conversation with Christian tradition, taking a fresh look at the veneration and theology of Mary, the Mother of Jesus and Mother of God, as displayed in three famous Marian hymns from the Greek, Latin, and Tamil traditions. The further question thus arises, How might the study of Hindu goddesses affect Christian thinking about God and Mary? This is a book to read for its insights into the nature of gender and the divine, for the power of the hymns themselves, and for the sake of a religious adventure, an encounter with three Goddess traditions and Mary seen in a new light.