bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ERP correlates of self‐referential processing moderate the association between pubertal status and disordered eating in preadolescence
Authors: Liu Pan , Tan Jaron X. Y. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPreadolescence is a critical period for the onset of puberty and eating‐related psychopathology. More advanced pubertal status is associated with elevated eating pathology. However, it was unclear whether this association was moderated by self‐referential processing, an important, modifiable cognitive risk for various forms of psychopathology, including eating problems. Further, no study has examined the neural correlates of self‐referential processing in relation to eating pathology. To address these gaps, we examined how the association between pubertal status and disordered eating was moderated by self‐referential processing in a community sample of 115 nine‐to‐12‐year‐old preadolescents (66 girls; mean age/SD = 10.98/1.18 years; 87.5% White). Youths reported their pubertal status and disordered eating behaviors and completed an ERP version of the Self‐Referent Encoding Task (SRET) to assess self‐referential processing. A Principal Component Analysis of the ERP data identified an anterior late positive potential (LPP) in both the positive and negative SRET conditions. The LPP in the positive condition moderated the positive association between pubertal status and disordered eating behaviors, such that this association was significant for youths with a smaller LPP toward positive self‐referential cues, but non‐significant for those showing a larger LPP toward positive self‐referential cues. These results suggest that a deeper processing of positive self‐referential information, indicated by a potentiated LPP, may weaken the negative impact of pubertal status on disordered eating. Our findings also suggest that enhancing positive self‐referential processing may be a useful tool in preventing the development of eating pathology in preadolescents, especially for those with more advanced pubertal status.
Role of paraoxonase 3 in regulating ENaC‐mediated Na+ transport in the distal nephron
Authors: Mutchler Stephanie M. , Whelan Sarah Christine M. , Marciszyn Allison , Chen Jingxin , Kleyman Thomas R. , Shi Shujie 
Published: February 2024

AbstractParaoxonase 3 (PON3) is expressed in the aldosterone‐sensitive distal nephron, where filtered Na+ is reabsorbed mainly via the epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC) and Na+‐coupled co‐transporters. We previously showed that PON3 negatively regulates ENaC through a chaperone mechanism. The present study aimed to determine the physiological role of PON3 in renal Na+ and K+ homeostasis. Pon3 knockout (KO) mice had higher amiloride‐induced natriuresis and lower plasma [K+] at baseline. Single channel recordings in split‐open tubules showed that the number of active channels per patch was significantly higher in KO mice, resulting in a higher channel activity in the absence of PON3. Although whole kidney abundance of ENaC subunits was not altered in Pon3 KOs, ENaC gamma subunit was more apically distributed within the connecting tubules and cortical collecting ducts of Pon3 KO kidneys. Additionally, small interfering RNA‐mediated knockdown of PON3 in cultured mouse cortical collecting duct cells led to an increased surface abundance of ENaC gamma subunit. As a result of lower plasma [K+], sodium chloride co‐transporter phosphorylation was enhanced in the KO kidneys, a phenotype that was corrected by a high K+ diet. Finally, PON3 expression was upregulated in mouse kidneys under dietary K+ restriction, potentially providing a mechanism to dampen ENaC activity and associated K+ secretion. Taken together, our results show that PON3 has a role in renal Na+ and K+ homeostasis through regulating ENaC functional expression in the distal nephron.
imageKey points
Paraoxonase 3 (PON3) is expressed in the distal nephron of mouse kidneys and functions as a molecular chaperone to reduce epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC) expression and activity in heterologous expression systems.
We examined the physiological role of PON3 in renal Na+ and K+ handling using a Pon3 knockout (KO) mouse model.
At baseline, Pon3 KO mice had lower blood [K+], more functional ENaC in connecting tubules/cortical collecting ducts, higher amiloride‐induced natriuresis, and enhanced sodium chloride co‐transporter (NCC) phosphorylation.
Upon challenge with a high K+ diet, Pon3 KO mice had normalized blood [K+] and ‐NCC phosphorylation but lower circulating aldosterone levels compared to their littermate controls.
Kidney PON3 abundance was altered in mice under dietary K+ loading or K+ restriction, providing a potential mechanism for regulating ENaC functional expression and renal Na+ and K+ homeostasis in the distal nephron.
Role of tissue biomechanics in the formation and function of myocardial trabeculae in zebrafish embryos
Authors: Cairelli Adriana Gaia , Gendernalik Alex , Chan Wei Xuan , Nguyen Phuc , Vermot Julien , Lee Juhyun , Bark David , Yap Choon Hwai 
Published: February 2024

AbstractCardiac trabeculae are uneven ventricular muscular structures that develop during early embryonic heart development at the outer curvature of the ventricle. Their biomechanical function is not completely understood, and while their formation is known to be mechanosensitive, it is unclear whether ventricular tissue internal stresses play an important role in their formation. Here, we performed imaging and image‐based cardiac biomechanics simulations on zebrafish embryonic ventricles to investigate these issues. Microscopy‐based ventricular strain measurements show that the appearance of trabeculae coincided with enhanced deformability of the ventricular wall. Image‐based biomechanical simulations reveal that the presence of trabeculae reduces ventricular tissue internal stresses, likely acting as structural support in response to the geometry of the ventricle. Passive ventricular pressure‐loading experiments further reveal that the formation of trabeculae is associated with a spatial homogenization of ventricular tissue stiffnesses in healthy hearts, but gata1 morphants with a disrupted trabeculation process retain a spatial stiffness heterogeneity. Our findings thus suggest that modulating ventricular wall deformability, stresses, and stiffness are among the biomechanical functions of trabeculae. Further, experiments with gata1 morphants reveal that a reduction in fluid pressures and consequently ventricular tissue internal stresses can disrupt trabeculation, but a subsequent restoration of ventricular tissue internal stresses via vasopressin rescues trabeculation, demonstrating that tissue stresses are important to trabeculae formation. Overall, we find that tissue biomechanics is important to the formation and function of embryonic heart trabeculation.
imageKey points
Trabeculations are fascinating and important cardiac structures and their abnormalities are linked to embryonic demise.
However, their function in the heart and their mechanobiological formation processes are not completely understood.
Our imaging and modelling show that tissue biomechanics is the key here. We find that trabeculations enhance cardiac wall deformability, reduce fluid pressure stresses, homogenize wall stiffness, and have alignments that are optimal for providing load‐bearing structural support for the heart.
We further discover that high ventricular tissue internal stresses consequent to high fluid pressures are needed for trabeculation formation through a rescue experiment, demonstrating that myocardial tissue stresses are as important as fluid flow wall shear stresses for trabeculation formation.
Using Control Barrier Functions to Incorporate Observability: Application to Range-Based Target Tracking
Authors: Coleman Demetris , Bopardikar Shaunak D. , Tan Xiaobo 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
In many nonlinear systems, the observability of the system is dependent on its state and control input. Thus, incorporating observability into a control scheme can enhance an observer's ability to recover accurate estimates of unmeasured states, minimize estimation error, and ultimately, allow the original control objective to be achieved. The accommodation of observability, however, may conflict with the original control goal at times. In this paper, we propose the use of control barrier functions (CBFs) to enforce observability and thereby facilitate the convergence of the state estimate to the true state while accommodating the original control objectives. Motivated by practical applications for autonomous robots operating in global positioning system-denied environments, we focus on the problem of target tracking for a unicycle model when only the distance to the target is measured. The proposed approach is compared in simulation with a model predictive control (MPC) approach that treats an observability-related metric as part of the cost function, where several different options for the observability metric are explored. It is found that the CBF-based approach achieves control and estimation performance that is comparable to that of the MPC approach, but with significantly less computational complexity. These findings are further experimentally verified in range-based target tracking with a swimming robotic fish.
Hybrid Bonding for Ultra-High-Density Interconnect
Authors: Lu Mei-Chien 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Hybrid bonding is the technology for interchip ultrahigh-density interconnect at pitch smaller than 10 μm. The feasibility at wafer-to-wafer level bonding with bond pad pitch of sub-0.5 μm has been demonstrated with scaling limitations under exploration beyond sub-0.4 μm. The heterogeneous integration of chiplets often requires die-to-wafer hybrid bonding for diverse chip stacking architectures. This overview emphasis on some main issues associated with hybrid bonding extending to die-to-wafer level. The hybrid bond pad structure design is a critical factor affecting sensitivity to overlay accuracy, copper recess or protrusion requirements, and performances. Cases of hybrid bonding schemes and pad structure designs are summarized and analyzed. Performance assessment and characterization methods are briefly overviewed. The scalability of pad pitch is addressed by analyzing the recent literature reports. Challenges of managing singulated dies for die-to-wafer bonding with direct placement or collective die-to-wafer bonding schemes under exploration are addressed. Nonetheless, industry collaboration for manufacturing equipment development and industry standards on handling chiplets from different technology nodes and different factories are highlighted.
The pH-responsive SmrR-SmrT system modulates
C. difficile
antimicrobial resistance, spore formation, and toxin production
Authors: Wetzel Daniela , Carter Zavier A. , Monteiro Marcos P. , Edwards Adrianne N. , Scharer Christopher D. , McBride Shonna M. 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Clostridioides difficile
is an anaerobic gastrointestinal pathogen that spreads through the environment as dormant spores. To survive, replicate, and sporulate in the host intestine,
C. difficile
must adapt to a variety of conditions in its environment, including changes in pH, the availability of metabolites, host immune factors, and a diverse array of other species. Prior studies showed that changes in intestinal conditions, such as pH, can affect
C. difficile
toxin production, spore formation, and cell survival. However, little is understood about the specific genes and pathways that facilitate environmental adaptation and lead to changes in
C. difficile
cell outcomes. In this study, we investigated two genes,
CD2505
and
CD2506,
that are differentially regulated by pH to determine if they impact
C. difficile
growth and sporulation. Using deletion mutants, we examined the effects of both genes (herein
smrR
and
smrT
) on sporulation frequency, toxin production, and antimicrobial resistance. We determined that SmrR is a repressor of
smrRT
that responds to pH and suppresses sporulation and toxin production through regulation of the SmrT transporter. Further, we showed that SmrT confers resistance to erythromycin and lincomycin, establishing a connection between the regulation of sporulation and antimicrobial resistance.

IMPORTANCE

Clostridioides difficile
is a mammalian pathogen that colonizes the large intestine and produces toxins that lead to severe diarrheal disease.
C. difficile
is a major threat to public health due to its intrinsic resistance to antimicrobials and its ability to form dormant spores that are easily spread from host to host. In this study, we examined the contribution of two genes,
smrR
and
smrT
, on sporulation, toxin production, and antimicrobial resistance. Our results indicate that SmrR represses
smrT
expression, while production of SmrT increases spore and toxin production, as well as resistance to antibiotics.
Antigenic commonality and divergence of hemagglutinin-esterase-fusion protein among influenza D virus lineages revealed using epitope mapping
Authors: Katayama Misa , Murakami Shin , Ishida Hiroho , Matsugo Hiromichi , Sekine Wataru , Ohira Kosuke , Takenaka-Uema Akiko , Horimoto Taisuke 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Influenza D virus (IDV) is one of the causative agents of bovine respiratory disease complex, which is the most common and economically burdensome disease affecting the cattle industry, and the need for an IDV vaccine has been proposed to enhance disease control. IDVs are classified into five genetic lineages based on the coding sequences of the hemagglutinin-esterase-fusion (HEF) protein, an envelope glycoprotein, which is the main target of protective antibodies against IDV infection. Herein, we prepared a panel of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against the HEF protein of viruses of various lineages to investigate the antigenic characteristics of IDVs and found that the mAbs could be largely separated into three groups. The first, second, and third groups demonstrated lineage-specific reactivity, cross-reactivity to viruses of multiple but not all lineages, and cross-reactivity to viruses of all lineages, respectively. Analyzing the escape mutant viruses from virus-neutralizing mAbs revealed that the receptor-binding region of the HEF molecule harbors virus-neutralizing epitopes that are conserved across multiple lineage viruses. In contrast, the apex region of the molecule possessed epitopes unique to each lineage virus. Furthermore, reverse genetics-generated recombinant viruses with point mutations revealed that amino acids within positions 210–214 of the HEF protein determined the antigenic specificity of each lineage virus. Taken together, this study reveals considerable antigenic variation among IDV lineages, although they are presumed to form a single serotype in terms of HEF antigenicity. Characterization of the antigenic epitope structure of HEF may contribute to selecting and creating effective vaccine viruses against IDV.

IMPORTANCE
Influenza D viruses (IDVs) are suggested to create cross-reactive single serotypes in hemagglutinin-esterase-fusion (HEF) antigenicity, as indicated by serological analyses among distinct HEF lineage viruses. This is supported by the high identities of HEF gene sequences among strains, unlike the hemagglutinin (HA) genes of the influenza A virus that exhibit HA subtypes. Herein, we analyzed HEF antigenicity using a monoclonal antibody panel prepared from several virus lineages and found the existence of lineage-conserved and lineage-specific epitopes in HEF molecules. These findings confirm the HEF commonality and divergence among IDVs and provide useful information for constructing a vaccine containing a recombinant IDV virus with an engineered HEF gene, thereby leading to broad immunogenicity.
Slicing through the challenge of maintaining
Pneumocystis
in the laboratory
Authors: Nev Olga A. , Duvenage Lucian , Brown Alistair J. P. , Dangarembizi Rachael , Hoving Jennifer Claire 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Pneumocystis jirovecii
is a major fungal pathogen of humans that causes life-threatening lung infections in immunocompromised individuals. Despite its huge global impact upon human health, our understanding of the pathobiology of this deadly fungus remains extremely limited, largely because it is not yet possible to cultivate
Pneumocystis in vitro,
independently of the host. However, a recent paper by Munyonho et al. offers a major step forward (F. T. Munyonho, R. D. Clark, D. Lin, M. S. Khatun, et al., 2023, mBio 15:e01464-23,
https://doi.org/10.1128/mbio.01464-23
). They show that it is possible to maintain both the trophozoite and cyst forms of the mouse pathogen,
Pneumocystis murina,
in precision-cut lung slices for several weeks. Furthermore, they demonstrate that this offers the exciting opportunity to examine potential virulence factors such as possible biofilm formation as well as antifungal drug responses in the lung.
Supplemental Material: Cenozoic Pb–Zn–Ag mineralization in the Western Alps
Authors: Bertauts Maxime , al. et 
Published: February 2024

<p> Analytical methods and monazite U–Th–Pb, allanite Th–Pb and phengite Rb–Sr data analysis for the Pb–Zn–Ag deposits in the French Northern Alps; chemical map with summary table of the phengite and albite compositions; Tables S1–S8; and Figures S1 and S2. </p>
Eastern Boundary Upwelling Systems in Ocean–Sea Ice Simulations Forced by CORE and JRA55-do: Mean State and Variability at the Surface
Authors: Small R. J. , Kurian J. , Chang P. , Xu G. , Tsujino H. , Yeager S. , Danabasoglu G. , Kim W. M. , Altuntas A. , Castruccio F. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
In this paper we summarize improvements in climate model simulation of eastern boundary upwelling systems (EBUS) when changing the forcing dataset from the Coordinated Ocean-Ice Reference Experiments (CORE; ∼2° winds) to the higher-resolution Japanese 55-year Atmospheric Reanalysis for driving ocean–sea ice models (JRA55-do, ∼0.5°) and also due to refining ocean grid spacing from 1° to 0.1°. The focus is on sea surface temperature (SST), a key variable for climate studies, and which is typically too warm in climate model representation of EBUS. The change in forcing leads to a better-defined atmospheric low-level coastal jet, leading to more equatorward ocean flow and coastal upwelling, both in turn acting to reduce SST over the upwelling regions off the west coast of North America, Peru, and Chile. The refinement of ocean resolution then leads to narrower and stronger alongshore ocean flow and coastal upwelling, and the emergence of strong across-shore temperature gradients not seen with the coarse ocean model. Off northwest Africa the SST bias mainly improves with ocean resolution but not with forcing, while in the Benguela, JRA55-do with high-resolution ocean leads to lower SST but a substantial bias relative to observations remains. Reasons for the Benguela bias are discussed in the context of companion regional ocean model simulations. Finally, we address to what extent improvements in mean state lead to changes to the monthly to interannual variability. It is found that large-scale SST variability in EBUS on monthly and longer time scales is largely governed by teleconnections from climate modes and less sensitive to model resolution and forcing than the mean state.
Sinonasal Symptom Correlation With the Postoperative Polyp Scale (POPS)
Authors: Wu Arthur W. , Garcia Ruiz Erika A. , Higgins Thomas S. , Tang Dennis M. , Illing Elisa A. , Carle Taylor R. , Vasquez Missael , Ting Jonathan Y. , Sreenath Satyan B. , Halawi Akaber , Chen Philip G. 
Published: February 2024

Background: Commonly used endoscopic nasal polyp grading scales have been shown to correlate poorly with symptom scores and quality of life metrics. The recently described Postoperative Polyp Scale (POPS) is a grading system that more accurately characterizes polyp recurrence in postoperative sinus cavities by describing incremental recurrence in relation to the surgically opened sinus cavities. Objective: The objective of this study was to determine if the POPS correlated with sinonasal symptoms. Methods: CRSwNP patients were prospectively administered SNOT-22 questionnaires and graded according to the POPS starting at their 1-month postoperative appointments. Total POPS scores (sum of each side) and Max POPS score (larger value of left and right) were correlated with SNOT-22 total scores and subdomains using Kendall correlation testing. Results: A total of 127 patients were enrolled in the study. Both Total POPS or Max POPS were significantly correlated to the SNOT-22 total score ( P < .001, P < .001), Rhinologic ( P < .001, P < .001), Extra-Nasal Rhinologic ( P < .001, P < .001), Ear/Facial ( P < .001, P < .001), and Psychologic ( P = .028, P = .017) subdomains. Kendall’s tau indicated strong correlation (≥0.3) with Rhinologic subdomain, moderate correlation (.21-.29) with Extra-Nasal Rhinologic and Ear/Facial subdomains, and weak correlation (.1-.19) with Psychologic subdomain. Conclusion: Previous endoscopic nasal polyp grading scales poorly correlate with symptoms and patient reported outcome measures. The new POPS moderately correlates with the total SNOT-22 score and strongly correlates with the Rhinologic subdomain, indicating that it may have good potential as a tool to evaluate postoperative CRSwNP patients.
Who Rewards Farmers Better for Commercialisation? Public versus Private Contracting Firms in North India
Authors: Verma Saroj , Jena Pabitra Kumar 
Published: February 2024

This article explores the socioeconomic factors of wheat growers’ participation intensity in contract farming (CF) under both public and private firms in Haryana. Using the primary survey data of 754 wheat growers collected from two districts of Haryana, the study finds that CF participation intensity is higher under government corporations than in private firms. The Tobit regression results show that similar variables determine the participation intensity under both types of firms. But the perception of agricultural profitability has different significant signs for public and private firms. This difference in profitability perception spawns from the different contracting nature of both types of firms. The government firms directly contact farmers, while private firms hire agents to communicate with farmers. In addition, government firms encourage marginal and small farmers to adopt CF, while private firms prefer medium to large farmers owning a minimum of five acres of cultivable land. Payment security is another reason for the intensity difference between types of firms. Therefore, the study calls for a policy framework to establish better institutional structure to strengthen CF inclusiveness, where both types of firms provide the scope for more extensive participation across the groups of farmers. JEL Codes: Q12, Q13, C01