bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cold stimulation of the oral cavity redistributes blood towards the brain in healthy volunteers
Authors: Hensel Ole 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to analyze cold stimulation‐induced changes in cerebral and cardiac hemodynamics.MethodsUpon ingestion of an ice cube, the changes in resistance index, mean flow velocity and flow index of the middle cerebral arteries (MCA) were assessed using transcranial Doppler sonography. Extracranial duplex sonography was used to measure the mean flow velocity and resistance index of the right internal carotid artery (ICA). The change in mean arterial pressure, heart rate, root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD) and end‐tidal carbon dioxide pressure were analyzed additionally. These changes were compared to sham stimulation.ResultsCompared with sham stimulation, cooling of the oral cavity resulted in significant changes in cerebral and cardiac hemodynamics. The cold stimulation decreased the resistance index in the MCA (−4.5% ± 5.4%, p < 0.0001) and right ICA (−6.3% ± 15.6%, p = 0.001). This was accompanied by an increase in mean flow velocity (4.1% ± 8.0%, p < 0.0001) and flow index (10.1% ± 43.6%, p = 0.008) in the MCA. The cardiac effects caused an increase in mean arterial pressure (1.8% ± 11.2%, p = 0.017) and RMSSD (55% ± 112%, p = 0.048), while simultaneously decreasing the heart rate (−4.3% ± 9.6%, p = 0.0001).ConclusionCooling of the oral cavity resulted in substantial changes in cerebral and cardiac hemodynamics resulting in a blood flow diversion to the brain.
Water‐level fluctuations and nutrient enrichment interact to alter ecosystem structure in distinct ways at different water depths
Authors: Gorman Courtney E. , McClean Deirdre , Donohue Ian 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Aquatic ecosystems are often impacted by several human‐derived pressures simultaneously. A key challenge for ecologists is to develop mechanistic understanding of the cumulative effects of multiple stressors on freshwater biodiversity.

We established an outdoor mesocosm experiment to examine the individual and combined effects of two key stressors on lake ecosystems globally—nutrient enrichment and amplified water‐level fluctuations—on benthic algal and macroinvertebrate assemblages along a gradient in littoral water depth.

We found that nutrient enrichment and water‐level fluctuations not only altered the structure of littoral communities when acting individually, but also interacted to dynamically alter biomass and community structure in different ways at different depths. As expected, enrichment increased benthic algal biomass significantly in very shallow waters. Yet, when enrichment co‐occurred with water‐level fluctuations, this pattern was reversed, with algal biomass increasing significantly in deeper waters, but not in the shallows that were exposed to fluctuating water levels. This pattern occurred across all algal groups that we examined except for green algae. Green algae biomass increased with nutrient enrichment, was greatest in the shallows, and remained unaffected by fluctuating water levels.

Water‐level fluctuations modified the functional feeding group structure of benthic macroinvertebrate communities, reducing relative densities of collector‐gatherers and increasing those of predators. However, these changes occurred only in the shallow‐most regions exposed directly to fluctuating water levels.

Our results reveal how two globally important stressors of standing water systems can interact in different ways in different ecological contexts and show how stressors can combine to have unanticipated impacts that vary in space. Our findings underscore the potentially highly multifaceted and complex nature of stressor combinations that present a major and growing challenge to ecosystem management, particularly in light of accelerating global environmental change.
Addressing spatial dependence when estimating technical efficiency: A spatialized data envelopment analysis of regional productive performance in the European Union
Authors: Ramajo Julián , Márquez Miguel A. , Hewings Geoffrey J. D. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractApplying a spatialized data envelopment analysis, this paper estimates and analyzes the efficiency of European Union NUTS‐2 regions during the period 2000–2014. The space‐dependent efficiency scores estimated with the proposed model show a bimodal distribution that is not detected by the aspatial approach. The results confirm the crucial role of location of production units, offering important new insights on both the causes of regional disparities in labor productivity and the observed polarization of the European distribution of per capita income. The findings further suggest significant differences for the two subgroups (spatial clusters) of regional economies found in the correlation analysis between the efficiency scores and the components of the EU Regional Competitiveness Index. Consequently, policies suitable for one group of regions may not be suitable or appropriate for the other.
Validation of Japanese indication criteria for deceased donor liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma: Analysis of US national registry data
Authors: Bekki Yuki , Itoh Shinji , Toshima Takeo , Shimokawa Mototsugu , Yoshizumi Tomoharu 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAimThe Japanese indication criteria for liver transplantation (LT) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have been updated based on living donor LT data to include either the Milan criteria (MC) or the 5‐5‐500 rule, which requires a nodule size of ≤5 cm, ≤5 nodules, and an alpha‐fetoprotein (AFP) level ≤500 ng/mL. We aimed to validate the 5‐5‐500 rule and the MC for deceased donor LT (DDLT).MethodsUsing national registry data from the United States from 2010 to 2014, we separated DDLT patients into four groups based on the MC and the 5‐5‐500 rule. The AFP values were stratified into categories: ≤100, 101–300, 301–500, and >500 ng/mL.ResultsThe 5‐year survival rate was significantly lower for patients in the groups within MC/beyond 5‐5‐500 (56.3%) or beyond MC/5‐5‐500 (60.7%) than for patients in the groups within MC/5‐5‐500 (76.2%) and beyond MC/within 5‐5‐500 (72.3%) (p < 0.01). Hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence at 5 years was highest for the within MC/beyond 5‐5‐500 (25.4%) group, followed by the beyond MC/within 5‐5‐500 (13.1%), beyond MC/5‐5‐500 (9.6%), and within MC/5‐5‐500 (7.4%) groups. The stratified 5‐year survival rates after DDLT were 76.5%, 72.4%, 58.4%, and 55.6% in the AFP ≤100, 101–300, 301–500, and >500 categories, respectively (p < 0.01).ConclusionThe 5‐5‐500 rule guides the appropriate selection of patients with HCC for DDLT. Patients with AFP levels from 300 to 500 ng/mL had inferior outcomes even when they met the 5‐5‐500 rule, so further investigation is needed to guide their treatment.
Antimicrobial characteristics of the Li2O–ZrO2–Si2O bioactive glass and glass‐ceramic for bone regeneration and wound healing
Authors: Possolli Natália Morelli , Modolon Henrique Borba , de Souza Hilária Mendes , Pich Claus Tröger , Klegues Montedo Oscar Rubem , Angioletto Elidio , Arcaro Sabrina 
Published: February 2024

AbstractInfections cause significant complications in surgical cases involving fractures and implants. Biomaterials, particularly bioactive glass, are known for their biocompatibility and tissue regeneration potential. The integration of bactericidal properties with bioactive glasses could prove pivotal in preventing infections during bone and wound regeneration. The LZS (Li2O–ZrO2–Si2O) glass system, recognized for its potential for bone regeneration via scaffolds, is a candidate for further exploration of its antimicrobial capabilities. This study evaluated the antimicrobial properties of LZS bioactive glass and glass‐ceramic against various pathogens (Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Salmonella enteritidis) using the spread‐plate method. The LZS glass exhibited antibacterial effects against all the tested microorganisms, with minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC) varying between 50 and 150 mg/mL. The bactericidal effects of the biomaterials were attributed to ion release from the glass matrix, which increased the pH of the solution and effectively eliminated microorganisms. In addition, this study found no evidence of DNA damage, and the LZS systems exhibited no cytotoxic or genotoxic effects at the tested concentrations. The results showed that the investigated antibacterial glass and glass‐ceramic have potential applications in bone regeneration or wound healing, especially in scenarios where bacterial proliferation is a concern.
A strain density function to analyze particle size effects during high velocity impacts of yttria
Authors: Moyers Aidan H. , Becker Michael F. , Kovar Desiderio 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe impact behavior of a single yttria (Y2O3) nanoparticle onto a Y2O3 substrate is studied as a function of particle velocity (300–1200 m/s) and diameter (12–50 nm) using molecular dynamics simulations. To analyze the results, a strain density function is developed to provide both quantitative and qualitative information about the deformation mechanisms that contribute to the final state of the system. This function provides both clear evidence of shear localization and insight into the conditions for which localization occurs during the impact of Y2O3 particles as they approach experimentally relevant sizes. Further analysis shows that localization and fragmentation only occur for Y2O3 impacts with diameters of at least 50 nm, while particles with diameters of 25 nm and smaller deform primarily by amorphization and viscous flow. Implications for the deposition of films of Y2O3 and other rare‐earth oxides via the micro cold spray process are discussed.
Nursing practice in modern healthcare environments: A systematic review of attributes, characteristics, and demonstrations
Authors: Smith Christopher M. , Horne Carolyn E. , Wei Holly 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAimTo identify Attributes, Characteristics and Demonstrations of nursing practice from both nurses' and people perspectives in today's healthcare environments. A secondary aim was to identify relevant differences between female and male nurses in the context of ACDs.DesignThis systematic review was informed by the Joanna Briggs Institute Convergent Integrated Approach to Mixed Study Systematic Reviews.MethodsThe search included articles ranging from the years 2000 to 2023 across 10 electronic databases and multiple grey literature outlets. McMaster critical review forms and the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool were used to appraise article quality. The Convergent Integrated Approach to Mixed Study Systematic Reviews was used to guide data synthesis.ResultsTwenty articles were included in this review, 13 qualitative, five quantitative and two mixed‐methods studies. Three themes emerged, including knowledge, practice skills and interpersonal relationships. Differences in Attributes, Characteristics and Demonstrations of professional practice between women and men in nursing were also explored.ConclusionFindings suggest that evolving healthcare environments challenge nurses to remain focused on patient‐centred and compassionate care. The review also supports nurses caring in a manner that empowers people, increases well‐being, and reduces suffering.ImpactIdentified characteristics and attributes of nursing practice, including emphasis on continuous learning, interpersonal relationships and compassion, have a profound impact on nursing. Nurses should remain adaptable, compassionate and patient‐focused in an ever‐evolving healthcare environment. These foundational care principles are necessary for improving patient outcomes, enhancing trust between people and healthcare providers, and increasing inclusivity and diversity in the nursing workforce.Wider Global Community

Nurses worldwide should strive to embody these attributes to provide high‐quality, patient‐centred care in an inclusive environment in today's demanding healthcare environment.

Gender‐specific differences in the perception and expression of professional Attributes, Characteristics and Demonstrations can inform inclusion and diversity efforts in the workplace.

Reporting MethodThis systematic review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analysis guidelines.Patient or Public ContributionNo Patient or Public Contribution.
Tectonically driven climate change and the spread of temperate biomes: Insights from dragon pseudoscorpions (Pseudotyrannochthoniidae), a globally distributed arachnid lineage
Authors: Harms Danilo , Harvey Mark S. , Roberts J. Dale , Loria Stephanie F. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAimUnderstanding the historical biogeography of the Earth's oldest terrestrial lineages provides insights into lineage diversification in relation to plate tectonics, climate change and biome shifts at maximum timescales. We investigate the biogeography of an ancient arachnid family, dragon pseudoscorpions, which are found today in mesic (mostly temperate) forests on all continents except Antarctica and Europe, have potential origins on Pangea and comprise species with extremely limited dispersal capacities. We evaluate the respective role of continental vicariance (abiotic) and biome shifts (biotic) deep in time and unravel the evolutionary history of this ancient group.LocationGlobal.TaxonPseudotyrannochthoniidae (Arachnida: Pseudoscorpiones).MethodsFive loci were sequenced for 75 Pseudotyrannochthoniidae samples collected across the globe. A matrix was compiled comprising 106 terminals and ~8800 bp, and phylogenetic analyses were performed to uncover relationships. Divergence time and ancestral range estimation analyses were used to reconstruct historical biogeography.ResultsPseudotyrannochthoniidae was monophyletic with high support but relationships among genera did not reflect current taxonomy and instead showed geographical structuring. Pseudotyrannochthoniidae originated in East Asia during the Middle Triassic and began diversifying in the Early Cretaceous.Main ConclusionsDiversity and distributional patterns of dragon pseudoscorpions can be explained by the interplay of continental vicariance through Pangaean breakup, and biome shifts via the spread of temperate habitats in the Cretaceous and their ongoing distributional fluctuations. Pseudotyrannochthoniidae diversification began in the Early Cretaceous as they dispersed with temperate forests across the Northern Hemisphere. Cretaceous vicariance, followed by widespread Holarctic extinction in the Late Tertiary–Quaternary, created their disjunct distribution at northern latitudes. Northern and Southern Hemisphere lineages diverged as Gondwana and Laurasia rifted, and Gondwanan breakup resulted in Afrotropical/Indomalayan and Austral clades. Austral lineages spread with temperate forests, however, cooling caused their disappearance from Antarctica and led to disjunct distributions at low latitudes.
Investigating the reliability of aggregate measurements of learning process data: From theory to practice
Authors: Zhang Yingbin , Ye Yafei , Paquette Luc , Wang Yibo , Hu Xiaoyong 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundLearning analytics (LA) research often aggregates learning process data to extract measurements indicating constructs of interest. However, the warranty that such aggregation will produce reliable measurements has not been explicitly examined. The reliability evidence of aggregate measurements has rarely been reported, leaving an implicit assumption that such measurements are free of errors.ObjectivesThis study addresses these gaps by investigating the psychometric pros and cons of aggregate measurements.MethodsThis study proposes a framework for aggregating process data, which includes the conditions where aggregation is appropriate, and a guideline for selecting the proper reliability evidence and the computing procedure. We support and demonstrate the framework by analysing undergraduates' academic procrastination and programming proficiency in an introductory computer science course.Results and ConclusionAggregation over a period is acceptable and may improve measurement reliability only if the construct of interest is stable during the period. Otherwise, aggregation may mask meaningful changes in behaviours and should be avoided. While selecting the type of reliability evidence, a critical question is whether process data can be regarded as repeated measurements. Another question is whether the lengths of processes are unequal and individual events are unreliable. If the answer to the second question is no, segmenting each process into a fixed number of bins assists in computing the reliability coefficient.Major TakeawaysThe proposed framework can be a general guideline for aggregating process data in LA research. Researchers should check and report the reliability evidence for aggregate measurements before the ensuing interpretation.
Review of literature and clinical practice experience for the therapeutic management of Morgellons disease
Authors: Kemperman P. M. J. H. , Vulink N. C. C. , Smit C. , Hovius J. W. , de Rie M. A. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractMorgellons disease (MD) is a rare and contentious health condition characterized by dermatological symptoms including slow‐healing skin lesions ‘attributed’ to fibres emerging from or under the skin. Patients also report sensations of crawling, biting and infestation with inanimate objects. This review examines the aetiology, patient characteristics, epidemiology, historical context, correlation with Lyme disease, role of internet, impact on quality of life and treatment approaches for MD. Despite ongoing debate, MD is not officially recognized in medical classifications, with differing views on its aetiology. Some link MD to Lyme disease, while others view it as a variant of delusional infestation. The literature suggests both psychiatric and environmental factors may contribute. The manuscript explores the association with substance abuse, psychiatric comorbidities, infectious agents and the role of internet communities in shaping perceptions. MD's impact on quality of life is significant, yet often overlooked. Treatment approaches are varied due to limited evidence, with low‐dose antipsychotics being considered effective, but patient beliefs may influence adherence. A patient‐centred, multidisciplinary approach is emphasized, considering both the physical and psychological dimensions of MD. Addressing the controversies surrounding MD while focusing on patient well‐being remains a critical challenge for healthcare professionals.
Water temperature at the time of the catch‐and‐release event is a better predictor of survival in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) than acute water temperature changes before and after
Authors: Van Leeuwen Travis E. , Keefe Donald , Young Mark , Adams Blair 
Published: February 2024

AbstractDespite studies on the effect of catch‐and‐release on the survival of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) being widespread in the literature, studies to date have failed to evaluate the potential role of thermal history. Herein, we show that despite cooler conditions post‐release, 4/18 (22%) salmon died when caught‐and‐released at water temperatures ≥20°C, whereas 1/13 (8%) salmon caught‐and‐released at water temperatures ≤20°C, but who encountered mean water temperatures ≥20°C post‐release, died. We conclude water temperature at time of the catch‐and‐release event remains the most suitable predictor of post‐release survival.
Retinal ganglion cell topography and spatial resolving power in the pajama cardinalfish Sphaeramia nematoptera (Bleeker, 1856)
Authors: Pushchin Igor , Aleskerov Naig 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWe studied the topography of retinal ganglion cells (GCs) and estimated spatial resolving power (SRP) in the pajama cardinalfish Sphaeramia nematoptera (Bleeker, 1856), a relatively small brightly colored fish inhabiting coral reefs and lagoons in the Western Pacific. S. nematoptera is an active night predator feeding on near‐bottom animal plankton and benthos. DAPI staining was used to label nuclei of GCs and non‐GCs in the inner plexiform and ganglion cell layers. Non‐GCs were distinguished from GCs in Nissl‐stained retinal wholemounts based on cell size, shape, and staining intensity. The proportion of displaced amacrine cells (DACs) varied from 15.46 ± 1.12 (visual streak [VS]) to 17.99 ± 1.06% (dorsal periphery) (mean ± S.E.M., N = 5); the respective proportions of glial cells were 6.61 ± 0.84 and 5.89 ± 0.76%. Thus, 76%–78% of cells in the ganglion cell layer and inner plexiform layer were GCs. The minimum spatial coverage of GCs (3600–4600 cells/mm2) was detected in the dorsal and ventral periphery. It gradually increased toward the central retina to form a moderate VS. The maximum GC density (11,400–12,400 cells/mm2) was registered in the central portion of the VS. No pronounced concentric retinal specializations were found. The total number of GCs ranged within 595.2–635.9 × 103. The anatomical spatial resolving power was minimum in the ventral periphery (4.91–5.53 cpd) and maximum in the central portion of the VS (8.47–9.07 cpd). The respective minimum separable angles were 0.18–0.20° and 0.11–0.12°. The relatively high spatial resolving power and presence of the VS in the pajama cardinalfish are in line with its highly visual behavior.
Dying with dementia in nursing homes: A population‐based study of decedents and their families
Authors: Stephens Caroline E. , Utz Rebecca , Tay Djin , Iacob Eli , Hollingshaus Michael , Goodwin Rebecca , Farrell Timothy W. , Bouldin Erin , Edelman Linda , Reinke Lynn F. , Smith Ken , Ellington Lee , Ornstein Katherine 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundFamilies play a critical role in end‐of‐life (EOL) care for nursing home (NH) residents with dementia. Despite the important role of family, little is known about the availability and characteristics of families of persons with dementia who die in NHs.MethodsThis is a retrospective cohort study of 18,339 individuals 65 years and older with dementia who died in a Utah NH between 1998 and 2016, linked to their first‐degree family (FDF) members (n = 52,566; spouses = 11.3%; children = 58.3%; siblings = 30.3%). Descriptive statistics, chi‐square tests, and t‐tests were used to describe the study cohort and their FDF members and to compare sociodemographic and death characteristics of NH decedents with (n = 14,398; 78.5%) and without FDF (n = 3941; 21.5%).ResultsCompared with NH decedents with FDF, NH decedents with dementia without FDF members were more likely to be older (mean age 86.5 vs 85.5), female (70.5% vs 59.3%), non‐White/Hispanic (9.9% vs 3.2%), divorced/separated/widowed (84.4% vs 61.1%), less educated (<12th grade; 42.2% vs 33.7%), have Medicare and Medicaid (20.8% vs 12.5%), and die in a rural/frontier NH (25.0% vs 23.4%). NH decedents who did not have FDF were also more likely to die from cancer (4.2% vs 3.9%), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD; 3.9% vs 2.5%), and dementia (40.5% vs 38.4%) and were less likely to have 2+ inpatient hospitalizations at EOL (13.9% vs 16.2%), compared with NH decedents with FDF.ConclusionsFindings highlight differences in social determinants of health (e.g., sex, race, marital status, education, insurance, rurality) between NH decedents with dementia who do and do not have FDF—factors that may influence equity in EOL care. Understanding the role of family availability and familial characteristics on EOL care outcomes for NH residents with dementia is an important next step to informing NH dementia care interventions and health policies.