bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phytoremediation: A Shift Towards Sustainability for Dairy Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Agrahari Sakshi , Kumar Sushil 
Published: November 2023

AbstractDairy processing industries have emerged as the most swiftly evolving sectors with excessive wastewater generation containing proteins, fat, oils, greases (FOGs), etc. As there is rising strain on energy usage and dependence on water resources, sustainable research focuses on reduction in wastewater generation and developing value‐added goods. An effective and widely explored sustainable technique for treating wastewater is phytoremediation, a plant‐based process. This review aims to analyze phytoremediation as a sustainable alternative for dairy wastewater treatment. It initially briefs about dairy wastewater characteristics and treatment alternatives and discusses constructed wetlands and hydroponic system in detail with mechanism insights and influenced process parameters. Interconnected technologies with phytoremediation and their impact on contaminant transformations, nutrient reuse, and detoxification of pollutants are encompassed. Also, resource recovery and biomass utilization, feedstock enrichment along with the future prospects of integrated hydroponic systems for achieving sustainability with efficient resource recovery are featured.
Enzymatic Synthesis of Diterpenoids from iso‐GGPP III: A Geranylgeranyl Diphosphate Analog with a Shifted Double Bond
Authors: Li Heng , Dickschat Jeroen S. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe analog of the diterpene precursor geranylgeranyl diphosphate with a double bond shifted from C14=C15 to C15=C16 (named iso‐GGPP III) has been synthesized and enzymatically converted with six bacterial diterpene synthases; this allowed the isolation of nine unnatural diterpenes. For some of the enzyme‐substrate combinations, the different reactivity implemented in the substrate analog iso‐GGPP III opened reaction pathways that are not observed with natural GGPP, resulting in the formation of diterpenes with novel skeletons. A stereoselective deuteration strategy was used to assign the absolute configurations of the isolated diterpenes.
Pain monitoring app leads to less pain in children with cancer at home: Results of a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Simon Julia D. H. P. , Schepers Sasja A. , van Gorp Marloes , Michiels Erna M. C. , Fiocco Marta , Grootenhuis Martha A. , Tissing Wim J. E. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe authors developed a pain monitoring app offering educational information, and real‐time health care professional feedback on clinically significant pain (>4 numeric rating scale [NRS]‐11) for children with cancer to reduce pain at home.MethodsThis monocenter, nonblinded randomized controlled trial enrolled Dutch children (0–18 years old) receiving cancer treatment (≥3 months after diagnosis, ≥2 months treatment remaining). Children were randomly assigned to use the app or receive usual care (two parallel groups). We assessed whether use of the app yielded less clinically significant pain (aim 1) and whether it affected pain severity, duration, interference, pain management strategies, and parental emotional well‐being (aim 2). The app was also evaluated by families (aim 3).ResultsA total of 94 children were randomized to use the app (15 drop‐outs), and 90 were to receive care as usual (11 drop‐outs). The app group (n = 79, mean age: 7.5 [5.1] years, 48% girls, 63% hemato‐oncology diagnosis) reported significantly less clinically significant pain compared to usual care (n = 79, mean age: 7.5 [5.4] years, 52% girls, 65% hemato‐oncology diagnosis) (odds ratio [OR], 0.38; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.198–0.734]) (aim 1), as well as significantly lower pain severity (β = –0.27; 95% CI, –0.407 to –0.142). No differences were found for duration, interference, or management strategies. Parents in the app group reported significantly less distress compared to usual care (β = –0.84; 95% CI, –1.61 to –0.03]) (aim 2). Families generally evaluated the app positively (aim 3).ConclusionsUse of the app resulted in less clinically significant pain at home. The exact working mechanisms of the app should be further elucidated.
Comparative neuroanatomy of the central nervous system in web‐building and cursorial hunting spiders
Authors: Steinhoff Philip O. M. , Harzsch Steffen , Uhl Gabriele 
Published: November 2023

AbstractSpiders (Araneae) include cursorial species that stalk their prey and more stationary species that use webs for prey capture. While many cursorial hunting spiders rely on visual cues, web‐building spiders use vibratory cues (mechanosensation) for prey capture. We predicted that the differences in primary sensory input between the species are mirrored by differences in the morphology/architecture of the central nervous system (CNS). Here, we investigated the CNS anatomy of four spider species, two cursorial hunters Pardosa amentata (Lycosidae) and Marpissa muscosa (Salticidae), and two web‐building hunters Argiope bruennichi (Araneidae) and Parasteatoda tepidariorum (Theridiidae). Their CNS was analyzed using Bodian silver impregnations, immunohistochemistry, and microCT analysis. We found that there are major differences between species in the secondary eye pathway of the brain that pertain to first‐order, second‐order, and higher order brain centers (mushroom bodies [MB]). While P. amentata and M. muscosa have prominent visual neuropils and MB, these are much reduced in the two web‐building species. Argiope bruennichi lacks second‐order visual neuropils but has specialized photoreceptors that project into two distinct visual neuropils, and P. tepidariorum lacks MB, suggesting that motion vision might be absent in this species. Interestingly, the differences in the ventral nerve cord are much less pronounced, but the web‐building spiders have proportionally larger leg neuropils than the cursorial spiders. Our findings suggest that the importance of visual information is much reduced in web‐building spiders, compared to cursorial spiders, while processing of mechanosensory information requires the same major circuits in both web‐building and cursorial hunting spiders.
Increasing multidisciplinary professionals' capacity to support neurodiverse families
Authors: Oehme Karen , Bradley Lyndi , Cameron Merina , Perko Ann , Clark James 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPersistent stigma surrounding neurodivergent people still exists. This article advocates for changes to societal systems to improve the well‐being of neurodivergent individuals and families, beginning with widespread awareness and support. Our suggested approach to improve societal infrastructure includes large‐scale online educational training of multidisciplinary professionals who operate within these systems to increase understanding, awareness, support, and accommodations for neurodivergent people. Multidisciplinary professionals who have received neurodiversity training can advocate for their respective systems to improve services for neurodivergent clients. We describe the 2023 development of Florida State University's (FSU) new online Professional Certification in the Fundamentals of Neurodiversity. The asynchronous psychoeducational training provides continuing education credit to a wide range of professionals. The framework for this training and curriculum content are described. Such training, along with a set of accompanying open‐access resources, can be replicated by institutions in many languages and cultures to improve professionals' knowledge and skills across the globe.
Diversity and spatiotemporal dynamics of fish communities in the Chongqing section of the upper Yangtze River based on eDNA metabarcoding
Authors: Shen Yanjun , Zhang Yufeng , Cheng Ruli , Wang Wei , Duan Cong , Liu Zhihao , Chen Qiliang , Li Yingwen , Wang Meng , Luo Yang 
Published: November 2023

AbstractFish diversity plays a critical role in maintaining the balance of water ecosystems, especially in the Chongqing section of the National Nature Reserve for Rare and Endemic Fishes in the upper Yangtze River, which serves as an important habitat for rare and endemic fish, as well as an important channel for the replenishment of fishery resources in the Three Gorges Reservoir. Under a 10‐year ban on fishing in the Yangtze River basin, we investigate fish diversity and seasonal variation in the Reserve by using environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding. We found fishes belonging to 85 genera, 24 families, and 8 orders in the Reserve. A comparison of eDNA metabarcoding results with the diversity of a recent fish catch revealed that eDNA metabarcoding not only enables rapid and efficient fish monitoring but also has a high sensitivity. Furthermore, the study demonstrates that eDNA metabarcoding can be used as a tool for monitoring seasonal variations of fish composition in freshwater ecosystems. The alpha and beta diversity analysis both showed compositional differences in the fish community in accordance with seasonal variations. In addition, changes in eDNA relative sequence abundance and the detection of fish species at different sampling sites may reflect shifts in habitat use and distribution. Thus, we provide detailed seasonal data on fish diversity in the Chongqing section of the Reserve. This will contribute to conservation and to the understanding of fish diversity and community dynamics in the Chongqing section of the Reserve.
Disentangling natural and anthropogenic effects on benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages in western US streams
Authors: Fergus C. Emi , Brooks J. Renée , Kaufmann Philip R. , Herlihy Alan T. , Hill Ryan A. , Mitchell Richard M. , Ringold Paul 
Published: November 2023

AbstractStream macroinvertebrate assemblages are shaped by natural and human‐related factors that operate through complex hierarchical pathways. Quantifying these relationships can provide additional insights into stream ecological assessment. We applied a structural equation modeling framework to evaluate hypothesized pathways by which watershed, riparian, and in‐stream factors affect benthic macroinvertebrate condition in the Western Mountains (WMT) and Xeric (XER) ecoregions in the United States. We developed a conceptual model grounded in theory, empirical evidence, and expert opinion to evaluate the following hypotheses: (1) macroinvertebrate assemblages are primarily driven by proximal, in‐stream factors (e.g., water quality and physical habitat); (2) anthropogenic land uses affect macroinvertebrates indirectly by altering in‐stream characteristics; and (3) riparian vegetation cover attenuates land use effects. We tested our model separately on three measures of benthic macroinvertebrate assemblage condition: ratio of observed‐to‐expected taxonomic richness (O/E); a multimetric index (MMI); and richness of Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera taxa (EPT). In the WMT, site‐level riparian cover, in‐stream physical habitat (relative bed stability), and water chemistry (total nitrogen) were the top three predictors of macroinvertebrate assemblages, each having over two times the magnitude of effect on macroinvertebrates compared with watershed‐level predictors. In the arid XER, annual precipitation and stream flow characteristics were top predictors of macroinvertebrate assemblages and had similar magnitudes of effect as in‐stream water chemistry. Path analyses revealed that land use activities in the watershed and at the stream site degraded macroinvertebrate assemblages indirectly by altering relative bed stability, water quality, and riparian cover/complexity. Increased riparian cover was associated with greater macroinvertebrate condition by reducing land use impacts on stream flow, streambed substrate, and water quality, but the pathways differed among ecoregions. In the WMT, site‐level riparian cover affected macroinvertebrate assemblages partly through indirect pathways associated with greater streambed stability and reduced total nitrogen concentrations. In contrast, in the XER, watershed‐level riparian cover affected macroinvertebrate assemblages through greater specific stream power. Identifying the relative effects of and pathways by which natural and anthropogenic factors affect macroinvertebrates can serve as a framework for prioritizing management and conservation efforts.
Acclimation capacity of critical thermal maximum varies among populations: Consequences for estimates of vulnerability
Authors: Cicchino Amanda S. , Shah Alisha A. , Forester Brenna R. , Dunham Jason B. , Poff N. LeRoy , Ghalambor Cameron K. , Funk W. Chris 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAdaptive plasticity in thermal tolerance traits may buffer organisms against changing temperatures, making such responses of particular interest in the face of global climate change. Although population variation is integral to the evolvability of this trait, many studies inferring proxies of physiological vulnerability from thermal tolerance traits extrapolate data from one or a few populations to represent the species. Estimates of physiological vulnerability can be further complicated by methodological effects associated with experimental design. We evaluated how populations varied in their acclimation capacity (i.e., the magnitude of plasticity) for critical thermal maximum (CTmax) in two species of tailed frogs (Ascaphidae), cold‐stream specialists. We used the estimates of acclimation capacity to infer physiological vulnerability to future warming. We performed CTmax experiments on tadpoles from 14 populations using a fully factorial experimental design of two holding temperatures (8 and 15°C) and two experimental starting temperatures (8 and 15°C). This design allowed us to investigate the acute effects of transferring organisms from one holding temperature to a different experimental starting temperature, as well as fully acclimated responses by using the same holding and starting temperature. We found that most populations exhibited beneficial acclimation, where CTmax was higher in tadpoles held at a warmer temperature, but populations varied markedly in the magnitude of the response and the inferred physiological vulnerability to future warming. We also found that the response of transferring organisms to different starting temperatures varied substantially among populations, although accounting for acute effects did not greatly alter estimates of physiological vulnerability at the species level or for most populations. These results underscore the importance of sampling widely among populations when inferring physiological vulnerability, as population variation in acclimation capacity and thermal sensitivity may be critical when assessing vulnerability to future warming.
Opioid dose titration for cancer pain
Authors: Mercadante Sebastiano 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundOpioid dose titration is a fundamental process of opioid therapy in cancer pain.AimsTo assess data opioid dose titration.MethodsThe principal opioid dose titration methods, outcomes, and modalities of administration regarding the different opioid preparations were examined in different clinical contexts.ResultsMost studies suggested that opioid‐naive patients should be started at doses of 15–30 mg/day of oral morphine equivalents. Opioid‐tolerant patients may receive low or higher doses of oral morphine equivalents, depending on the level of opioid tolerance. Generally, dose increments of 30%–50% seem to be indicated to start dose titration. Some patients with severe excruciating cancer pain may present as an emergency requiring a rapid application of powerful analgesic strategies. The intravenous use of opioids may circumvent this problem providing a faster pain relief, due to the large availability and rapid achievement of effective plasma concentrations.DiscussionOpioid dose titration is a delicate passage in patients with cancer pain. This approach may be different according to different clinical conditions. Opioid dose titration requires expertise to optimize cancer pain management while minimizing the development of adverse effects.ConclusionWhile most approaches are meaningful and partially supported by existing literature, more studies are necessary to establish advantages and disadvantages in different clinical conditions. Optimization of opioid dose titration is of paramount importance.SignificanceThis review provides the most recent insights on the different modalities of opioid dose titration in cancer pain management.
Programmed initiation and enhancement of cGAS/STING pathway for tumour immunotherapy via tailor‐designed ZnFe2O4‐based nanosystem
Authors: Yang Jing , He Yuping , Zhang Meng , Liang Chenglin , Li Tongtong , Ji Tianjiao , Zu Mali , Ma Xu , Zhang Zhenzhong , Liang Chun , Zhang Qixu , Chen Youbai , Hou Lin 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe cyclic guanosine monophosphate‐adenosine monophosphate synthase (cGAS)/stimulator of interferon genes (STING) signalling pathway has been a promising target for anticancer immunity, but rationally activating and enhancing this pathway in tumour cells is critical. Herein, a glutathione sensitive ZnFe2O4‐based nanosystem is developed to programmatically initiate and enhance the STING signalling pathway in tumour cells. The prepared ZnFe2O4 nanoparticles were coated with cancer cell membrane (CCM), which enabled the nanosystem target tumour cells. In tumour cells, ZnFe2O4 nanoparticles could be disintegrated by responding to high level glutathione, and the released Fe3+ generated reactive oxygen species to induce the DNA leakage into the cytoplasm to stimulate cGAS. Then Zn2+ promoted cGAS‐DNA phase separation to intensify the cGAS enzymatic activity. In addition, the low dose encapsulation of paclitaxel (PTX) acting as an antimitotic agent (ZnFe2O4‐PTX@CCM) ensured the sustained activation of cGAS/STING pathway. The in vitro and in vivo results confirmed that ZnFe2O4‐PTX@CCM elevated the cGAS/STING activity, promoted dendritic cell maturation, increased cytotoxic T lymphocyte and natural killer cells infiltration, eventually inhibiting the tumour progress and postoperative recurrence. This study provided feasible references on constructing STING activation nanosystem for tumour immunotherapy.
Techno‐economic analysis of a solar‐assisted heat pump dryer for drying agricultural products
Authors: Rulazi Evordius Laurent , Marwa Janeth , Kichonge Baraka , Kivevele Thomas T. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPostharvest losses (PHLs) of biomaterials, such as vegetables and fruits, significantly impact food security and economic stability in developing nations. In Tanzania, PHLs are estimated to range between 30% and 40% for cereal crops and even higher for perishable crops such as fruits and vegetables. Open‐sun drying (OSD) is the most extensively employed method because of its affordability and simplicity. However, OSD has several drawbacks, including difficulties in managing drying parameters, long drying times owing to adverse weather, and product contamination. The solar‐assisted heat pump dryer (SAHPD) is a technology designed as an alternative solution for drying biomaterials and reducing PHL. A limited number of SAHPDs have been constructed in developing nations. Most of the works have concentrated on the performance analysis of the systems. This neglects the techno‐economic assessment, which is important to provide both a quantitative and qualitative understanding of the financial viability of the technology. The present study therefore investigates the techno‐economic analysis of a novel SAHPD for drying agricultural products, particularly vegetables and fruits. To determine whether the SAHPD technology is technically and economically viable, tomatoes and carrots were dried and analyzed to determine their thermal and economic performance. The results show that the initial moisture contents of tomatoes (Lycopersicum esculentum) and carrots (Daucus carota) were reduced from 93% and 88% to 10% in 11 and 12 h, respectively. The coefficient of performance (COP), drying time (DT), specific moisture extraction ration (SMER) and thermal efficiency () were found to be 3.4, 2.3 kg/h, 1.33 kg/kWh and 54.0%, respectively. The economic analysis was assessed using the annualized cost, lifecycle savings, and payback period for the dryer's life span of 15 years. The initial investment of the SAHPD was $5221.8 and the annualized cost was $1076.5. The cumulative present worth for 15 years was found to be $23,828.8 and $27,553.1 for tomatoes and carrots, respectively. The payback period for tomatoes was found to be 3 years, whereas for carrots it was 2.6 years. Based on thermal and economic performance assessment results, the developed SAHPD is technically and economically viable to be considered for further investments.
Clinical Consequences of Altered Drug Disposition in Obesity: Call for Change
Authors: Bruno Christopher D. , Greenblatt David J. , Harmatz Jerold S. , Chow Christina R. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObesity is a serious condition with many known comorbid conditions and other health risks. Despite the rising global rates of obesity, drug disposition in this population is typically understudied, which results in limited information guiding the use of drugs in patients with obesity. Presently, dosing adjustments for patients with obesity typically focus on addressing altered drug clearance with body size and are therefore limited to chronic dosing recommendations. These instructions are variable and rarely based on dedicated studies in people with obesity. This review briefly discusses the current clinical use of body measurements to guide chronic dosing instructions and highlights the need for obesity‐specific dosing instructions when the half‐life of a drug is prolonged (typically through increased volume of distribution) in people with obesity. Examples of drugs with apparent opportunities for either ramp‐up, loading, or washout instructions for patients based on body mass index are identified, specifically for vortioxetine, posaconazole, and brexpiprazole. We call for inclusion of people with obesity in clinical studies as a special subpopulation during drug development and propose the use of body mass index to guide dosing decisions among these patients.
From cancer big data to treatment: Artificial intelligence in cancer research
Authors: Danishuddin  , Khan Shawez , Kim Jong Joo 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn recent years, developing the idea of “cancer big data” has emerged as a result of the significant expansion of various fields such as clinical research, genomics, proteomics and public health records. Advances in omics technologies are making a significant contribution to cancer big data in biomedicine and disease diagnosis. The increasingly availability of extensive cancer big data has set the stage for the development of multimodal artificial intelligence (AI) frameworks. These frameworks aim to analyze high‐dimensional multi‐omics data, extracting meaningful information that is challenging to obtain manually. Although interpretability and data quality remain critical challenges, these methods hold great promise for advancing our understanding of cancer biology and improving patient care and clinical outcomes. Here, we provide an overview of cancer big data and explore the applications of both traditional machine learning and deep learning approaches in cancer genomic and proteomic studies. We briefly discuss the challenges and potential of AI techniques in the integrated analysis of omics data, as well as the future direction of personalized treatment options in cancer.