bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temporal, Demographic, and Geographical Analysis of Violent Events in Bangla News Media Using NLP Techniques
Authors: Ali Khandokar Iftakhar , All Tanvir Abdullah , Saddam Hossain Mukta Md. , Shatabda Swakkhar 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Text classification plays a vital role in natural language processing (NLP), especially in the context of rapidly expanding textual data. This paper presents an automated approach to detecting and classifying violent incidents from a large corpus of Bangla news articles, specifically focusing on incidents such as Murder, Rape, Kidnap, Clash, and Suicide. Our methodology employs a semi-supervised learning framework, leveraging a small labeled dataset to train an initial predictive model, which is then expanded to create a comprehensive dataset suitable for deep learning applications. We explore various feature extraction techniques, including N-gram, TF-IDF, Word2Vec, FastText, and BERT, with the BERT-based classifier achieving the highest accuracy of 92% on the test set. Utilizing this classifier, we conduct a detailed trend and pattern analysis over a 5-year period (2014–2018), revealing significant insights into the frequency and distribution of violent events. Our findings highlight distinct trends in the occurrence of these incidents, including variations by month and age group, and geographical intensity, ultimately contributing to a better understanding of violent events in the context of Bangla news media.
Characterization of neuronal spiking patterns in the medial prefrontal cortex under varied general anesthetics in mice
Authors: Hu Xiangyu , Jiang Jingyao , Leng Yu , Yang Yaoxin , Zhang Donghang , Li Ke , Zhu Tao , Liang Peng , Zhou Cheng 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Purpose
The mechanisms underlying reversible unconsciousness induced by general anesthetics remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effects of four commonly used anesthetics on neuronal spiking patterns in layer 5 of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC).

Methods
In vivo multi-channel recordings were performed in layer 5 of the mPFC in a mouse model. Neuronal spiking patterns of regular-spiking and fast-spiking neurons were measured and compared across wakefulness loss of the righting reflex (LORR), and recovery of the righting reflex (RORR). Four anesthetic/sedative drugs (sevoflurane, propofol, ketamine, and dexmedetomidine) were tested.

Results
During LORR, most cortical regular-spiking neurons were inhibited, while a small subset was excited. Fast-spiking neurons exhibited significant suppression across all anesthetics. Among these, the firing rate of inhibited regular-spiking neurons was closely associated with the transitions between LORR and RORR. Sevoflurane, propofol, and dexmedetomidine exhibited similar modulatory effects on mPFC neurons, whereas ketamine induced stronger excitatory effects on both regular- and fast-spiking neurons.

Conclusions
Sevoflurane, propofol, and dexmedetomidine exert comparable effects on neuronal spiking in the mPFC, while ketamine induces distinct excitatory effects. Inhibited regular-spiking neurons in layer 5 of the mPFC are closely associated with the reversible transitions between LORR and RORR.
Characteristics and framework analysis of Department of Defense hospital Antibiotic Stewardship Programs guided by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Core Elements
Authors: Lynch LeeAnne C. , Mende Katrin , Hamdy Rana F. , Olsen Cara H. , Waterman Paige E. , Tribble David R. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Objective:
Characterization and assessment of Department of Defense’s (DoD’s) Antibiotic Stewardship Programs (ASPs) to determine adherence to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Core Elements and compare to national adherence

Design:
Retrospective, observational with supplemental survey

Methods:
Facility characteristics and CDC Core Elements (CE) adherence data for 2017–2021 were retrieved from the National Healthcare Safety Network’s (NHSN) annual hospital survey with DoD data from the Defense Health Agency and national data from the Antibiotic Resistance and Patient Safety Portal. An online supplemental survey was administered to DoD hospitals. Descriptive statistics and bivariate analyses were completed for facility characteristics and supplemental survey questions to determine correlations between variables. A framework analysis compared DoD ASPs to CEs and Priority Elements.

Results:
Supplemental surveys were completed for 85.1% of DoD’s hospitals. DoD’s hospitals were smaller on average than national hospitals. ASP leaders were assigned more often than volunteer and typically served in the role for less than four years. Staffing mix differed, with more equivalent proportions of civilian/contractor to military at larger hospitals in the U.S. Most DoD ASPs consisted of ≤ 25% pharmacists. ASP leaders were largely available on a daily basis; pharmacist leaders spent more time on ASP activities than physicians. CE adherence was high, but in 2021 DoD lagged national adherence in the structural CEs of Leadership, Accountability, and Pharmacy Expertise.

Conclusions:
DoD hospitals lagged in national adherence to the structural CEs, presenting opportunities for ASP improvement. Refinement of CE adherence measurements, coupled with impact on health outcomes, could aid in better-identifying areas for improvement.
Contactless body temperature assessment for signalling humane endpoints in a mouse model of sepsis
Authors: Miranda Catarina , Oliveira Liliana , Carmo Alexandre M , Olsson I Anna S , Franco Nuno H 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Minimising suffering is an ethical and legal requirement in animal research. This is particularly relevant for research on animal models of sepsis and septic shock, which show rapid progression towards severe stages and death. Specific and reliable criteria signalling non-recovery points can be used as humane endpoints, beyond which a study cannot be allowed to progress, thus preventing avoidable suffering. Body temperature is a key indicator for assessing animal health and welfare and has been suggested to have potential for monitoring the status of mouse models of sepsis. In this study, we monitored temperature variations using contactless methods – thermal imaging and subcutaneously implanted PIT tags – in a surgical model of sepsis by caecal ligation and puncture (CLP). We monitored body temperature variation following mid-grade CLP, high-grade CLP and sham surgery. All mice (Mus musculus) were monitored four times per day in the high-grade CLP model and three times per day in the mid-grade CLP model by both PIT tag readout and infrared thermography for ten days post-surgery, or until animals reached a predefined humane endpoint. Thermal data were compared with the clinical score and weight loss threshold used at our facility. Mean body surface temperature (MBST) assessed by thermal imaging and subcutaneous temperature (SCT) measured by PIT tags correlated, albeit not strongly. Moreover, while MBST does not appear to be a reliable predictor of non-recovery stages, SCT showed promise in this regard, even surpassing the widely used weight loss criterion, particularly for the high-grade CLP model of induced sepsis.
Sphere packings in Euclidean space with forbidden distances
Authors: Gonçalves Felipe , Vedana Guilherme 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In this paper, we study the sphere packing problem in Euclidean space where we impose additional constraints on the separations of the center points. We prove that any sphere packing in dimension

$48$

, with spheres of radii r, such that no two centers

$x_1$

and

$x_2$

satisfy

$\sqrt {\tfrac {4}{3}} < \frac {1}{2r}|x_1-x_2| <\sqrt {\tfrac {5}{3}}$

, has center density less or equal than

$(3/2)^{24}$

. Equality occurs for periodic packings if and only if the packing is given by a

$48$

-dimensional even unimodular extremal lattice. This shows that any of the lattices

$P_{48p},P_{48q},P_{48m}$

and

$P_{48n}$

are optimal for this constrained packing problem, and gives evidence towards the conjecture that extremal lattices are optimal unconstrained sphere packings in

$48$

dimensions. We also provide results for packings up to dimension

$d\leq 1200$

, where we impose constraints on the distance between centers and on the minimal norm of the spectrum, showing that even unimodular extremal lattices are again uniquely optimal. Moreover, in the one-dimensional case, where it is not at all clear that periodic packings are among those with largest density, we nevertheless give a condition on the set of constraints that allows this to happen, and we develop an algorithm to find these periodic configurations by relating the problem to a question about dominos.
‘Beyond Paisans’: Italian-American service members and the Allied liberation of Italy
Authors: Fusi Francesco 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
During the Second World War, hundreds of thousands of American soldiers of Italian origin were drafted into the US military and sent to fight overseas against the Axis powers. For many, this was an opportunity to demonstrate their loyalty to the country and remove suspicions raised by Italian communities’ ties with the Fascist regime. The prospect of fighting in their homeland aroused mixed feelings among those who were sent to Italy from June 1943. On the one hand, the presence of cultural and family ties stimulated the establishment of supportive relations with Italians and was seen by Washington as a useful tool for promoting ‘good occupation’ policies in Italy. However, the ethnic background of these soldiers did not always act as a socialisation factor with Italians, but sometimes gave rise to contradictory and even hostile attitudes that were linked to harsh judgements about Italians’ responsibilities for Fascism and their predisposition, or otherwise, to democracy. This article reconstructs the contribution made by these ethnic personnel to the liberation of the peninsula and the particular views they held of Italy and Italians between war and liberation.
Nudity, obscenity, and the rule of colonial difference in Singapore, 1900s–1930s
Authors: Geng Yushu 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This article examines how the British colonial administration and the local Chinese population interacted around the issue of obscene prints in 1900s–1930s Singapore, with a particular focus on the policing of the female nude. The notion of obscenity acquired different meanings as prints crossed geographical, cultural, and linguistic boundaries. What was deemed ‘obscene’ in Republican Shanghai or Edwardian London was not necessarily viewed the same way in colonial Singapore, and vice versa. By tracing the contradictory assumptions about the relationship between nudity and obscenity in a multiracial and multicultural colonial context, this article demonstrates that obscenity regulation in Singapore was intimately tied to what Partha Chatterjee has termed ‘the rule of colonial difference’,1 with race being the most obvious marker of difference. On an institutional level, the rule of colonial difference led to a division of regulatory labour that ultimately rendered Chinese salacious materials invisible to the British colonial government in the early twentieth century. In terms of definitions of nudity and obscenity, perceived racial–cultural differences—central to the rule of colonial difference—were used both to justify and to contest the public display of naked female bodies to non-Western audiences. This situates the Singapore case within the broader scholarship on obscenity regulation and colonialism, and offers fresh insights into the difference in imperial models of obscenity regulation. By exploring how obscenity regulation was premised on the process of racial ‘othering’, this article also highlights race as an underexplored factor in existing scholarship on obscenity regulation.
AI-driven design exploration: Utilizing brand logos as an inspiration source for architectural design
Authors: Çelik Tuğçe , Akagün Ergin Elif 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This study is predicated on the limited scholarly exploration of the connection between logos and the architectural spaces associated with these brands. The primary objective of this paper is to investigate the relationship between a brand’s corporate identity and its architectural structures through a holistic approach, leveraging artificial intelligence (AI) as a design tool. To achieve this, this study conducts an interdisciplinary literature review, synthesizing existing works in both architecture and branding. The research methodology follows a qualitative, exploratory framework, focusing on the formal and aesthetic evaluations of AI-driven visual outputs. In this context, the central aim of this study is to explore the use of contemporary technologies as a design instrument within the architectural domain. Another key objective is to examine the application of AI as a methodological tool for architectural design within the context of corporate identity. To this end, architectural forms were visually generated using text-to-image and image-to-image, with the resulting products assessed in terms of architectural presentation techniques, visual quality, and aesthetic strategies. For the study’s empirical component, brands ranked at the top of the 2023 Best Global Brands report were selected as the sample, and AI-driven architectural productions were created based on their logos. The findings suggest that AI, with its diverse styles and capabilities, can serve as a design parameter within architectural practice. This study contributes to the discourse on the evolving intersection of AI, branding, and architectural design, proposing new perspectives on the integration of these domains in the design process.
How English orthographic proficiency modulates visual attention span in Italian learners with and without dyslexia
Authors: Venagli Ilaria , Kupisch Tanja , Lallier Marie 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Visual attention span (VAS) refers to the number of visual elements processed simultaneously in a multielement array. It is causally related to reading skills and may be impaired in readers with dyslexia. VAS is influenced by orthographic depth with opaque orthographies boosting it. Such orthography-specific VAS modulations are subject to crosslinguistic interactions in early biliterates, leading to advantages associated with learning to read in an opaque orthography. However, little is known about potential VAS bootstrapping effects in late biliterates. This study investigates potential VAS modulation in late biliterates with and without dyslexia. Participants were first language (L1) Italian native speakers (transparent orthography) learning English as a second language (L2). Our results show that the VAS capacity of typical readers is modulated by English orthographic knowledge, providing the first evidence that experience with a nonnative orthography boosts VAS skills also in late biliterates. This effect was reduced in dyslexic learners, possibly due to a VAS deficit.
Diurnal Variations of Below‐Canopy CO2 Concentration in a Subtropical Forested Valley
Authors: Fu Shizuo , Wang Yang , Miao Guofang , Wang Rong , Zeng Hongda , Yang Bai , Chen Jing M. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractCO2 concentration was continuously measured at four levels in the below‐canopy layer of a subtropical evergreen broadleaf forest in Southeast China. The below‐canopy CO2 concentration was higher during the day than at night at all levels, in contrast to many previous studies. The amplitude of the diurnal variation of the below‐canopy CO2 concentration was controlled by the daily‐mean air or soil temperature. In the daytime, solar radiation heated the canopy layer more than the below‐canopy layer, so the below‐canopy layer became stable. Large vertical gradients of CO2 concentration therefore developed near the ground surface. CO2 concentration increased with stability when the stability was weak, because the increased stability suppressed the vertical turbulent mixing. On the contrary, CO2 concentration decreased with stability when the stability was strong, because the strong stability was maintained by intense solar radiation, which enhanced photosynthesis. In the nighttime, radiative cooling of the canopy layer caused the below‐canopy layer to be near‐neutral or unstable. CO2 concentration was therefore generally low and exhibited rather small vertical gradients. Nighttime CO2 concentration slightly increased when the stability became stronger. It was frequently observed that CO2 concentration rapidly decreased around the sunset from the peak value to a low value. Our results suggest that the storage term is important in the daytime eddy‐covariance measurements, and the CO2 concentration above the canopy should be corrected in order to represent the CO2 concentration below the canopy.
Advancements in ultrafast photonics: confluence of nonlinear optics and intelligent strategies
Authors: Wu Qing , Peng Liuxing , Huang Zhihao , Liu Xiaolei , Luo Meng , Gao Danheng , Meng Haoran 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Automatic mode-locking techniques, the integration of intelligent technologies with nonlinear optics offers the promise of on-demand intelligent control, potentially overcoming the inherent limitations of traditional ultrafast pulse generation that have predominantly suffered from the instability and suboptimality of open-loop manual tuning. The advancements in intelligent algorithm-driven automatic mode-locking techniques primarily are explored in this review, which also revisits the fundamental principles of nonlinear optical absorption, and examines the evolution and categorization of conventional mode-locking techniques. The convergence of ultrafast pulse nonlinear interactions with intelligent technologies has intricately expanded the scope of ultrafast photonics, unveiling considerable potential for innovation and catalyzing new waves of research breakthroughs in ultrafast photonics and nonlinear optics characters.
Genome-wide association study reveals multiple loci for nociception and opioid consumption behaviors associated with heroin vulnerability in outbred rats
Authors: Kuhn Brittany N. , Cannella Nazzareno , Chitre Apurva S. , Nguyen Khai-Minh H. , Cohen Katarina , Chen Denghui , Peng Beverly , Ziegler Kendra S. , Lin Bonnie , Johnson Benjamin B. , Missfeldt Sanches Thiago , Crow Ayteria D. , Lunerti Veronica , Gupta Arkobrato , Dereschewitz Eric , Soverchia Laura , Hopkins Jordan L. , Roberts Analyse T. , Ubaldi Massimo , Abdulmalek Sarah , Kinen Analia , Hardiman Gary , Chung Dongjun , Polesskaya Oksana , Solberg Woods Leah C. , Ciccocioppo Roberto , Kalivas Peter W. , Palmer Abraham A. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The increased prevalence of opioid use disorder (OUD) makes it imperative to disentangle the biological mechanisms contributing to individual differences in OUD vulnerability. OUD shows strong heritability, however genetic variants contributing to vulnerability remain poorly defined. We performed a genome-wide association study using over 850 male and female heterogeneous stock (HS) rats to identify genes underlying behaviors associated with OUD such as nociception, as well as heroin-taking, extinction and seeking behaviors. By using an animal model of OUD, we were able to identify genetic variants associated with distinct OUD behaviors while maintaining a uniform environment, an experimental design not easily achieved in humans. Furthermore, we used a novel non-linear network-based clustering approach to characterize rats based on OUD vulnerability to assess genetic variants associated with OUD susceptibility. Our findings confirm the heritability of several OUD-like behaviors, including OUD susceptibility. Additionally, several genetic variants associated with nociceptive threshold prior to heroin experience, heroin consumption, escalation of intake, and motivation to obtain heroin were identified. Tom1, a microglial component, was implicated for nociception. Several genes involved in dopaminergic signaling, neuroplasticity and substance use disorders, including Brwd1, Pcp4, Phb1l2 and Mmp15 were implicated for the heroin traits. Additionally, an OUD vulnerable phenotype was associated with genetic variants for consumption and break point, suggesting a specific genetic contribution for OUD-like traits contributing to vulnerability. Together, these findings identify novel genetic markers related to the susceptibility to OUD-relevant behaviors in HS rats.
A recombinant protein vaccine induces protective immunity against SARS-CoV-2 JN.1 and XBB-lineage subvariants
Authors: Yang Jingyun , Hong Weiqi , Shi Huashan , Wang Zhenling , He Cai , Lei Hong , Yan Hong , Alu Aqu , Ao Danyi , Chen Zimin , Zhou Yanan , Yang Hao , Yang Yun , Yu Wenhai , Tang Cong , Wang Junbin , Li Bai , Huang Qing , Hu Hongbo , Cheng Wei , Dong Haohao , Lei Jian , Chen Lu , Zhou Xikun , Yang Li , Wang Wei , Shen Guobo , Yang Jinliang , Zhao Zhiwei , Song Xiangrong , Sun Qiangming , Wang Youchun , Lu Shuaiyao , Li Jiong , Lu Guangwen , Li Weimin , Wei Yuquan , Wei Xiawei 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The emergence of XBB- and JN.1-lineages with remarkable immune evasion characteristics have led to rises in breakthrough infections within populations. In addition, the unfavorable impacts of immune imprinting, stemming from continuous exposure to antigens from circulated viruses, have been observed to incline immune response against earlier lineages, thereby declining the neutralization to newly emerged Omicron subvariants. In response to this, the advancement of next-generation vaccines against COVID-19 targeting components from new subvariants such as XBB-lineage is imperative. In the current study, a self-assembled trimeric recombinant protein (RBDXBB.1.5-HR) was generated by concatenating the sequences of the receptor binding domain (RBD) derived from XBB.1.5 with heptad-repeat 1 (HR1) and HR2 sequences from the spike S2 subunit. Adjuvanted-RBDXBB.1.5-HR induced robust humoral and cellular immune responses, characterized by elevated neutralization against JN.1-inculuded subvariants and a substantial population of antigen-specific T memory cells. Protective immunity conferred by RBDXBB.1.5-HR vaccine was preserved post-immunization, as evidenced by germinal center B (GC B) and T follicular helper (Tfh) responses, sustained neutralization potency, and an increase in memory B cells (MBCs) and long-lived plasma cells (LLPCs). The RBDXBB.1.5-HR vaccine showed a favorable boosting effect when administered heterologously after three doses of inactivated virus (IV) and mRNA vaccines. Significantly, it provided protection against live Omicron EG.5.1 viruses in vivo. The monovalent RBDXBB.1.5-HR vaccine showed favorable safety and immunogenicity, boosting neutralizing antibodies against JN.1- and XBB-lineage subvariants in individuals with prior COVID-19 vaccinations. These findings highlight its clinical potential in safeguarding against circulating Omicron subvariants.