bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Slow Progression of Proximal Weakness
Authors: Liveson Jay Allan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A 27-year-old woman was referred for evaluation of slowly progressive proximal weakness. Perinatal history was uneventful (except for excision of a membranous tongue tag). Growth and motor milestones were normal until the age of 16 years, when she noticed hand tremors and difficulty running and climbing. Over the next few years these progressed until she required Lofstrand crutches to walk. During a recent fall, she fractured her left tibia and fibula and was placed in a long-leg cast. Subsequently, she was unable to walk and remained wheelchair-bound. Medical history included episodes of severe depression. No other family member, including an older brother, had any similar problem. Her mother had congenital kyphoscoliosis and a deviant gait, and there was a strong family history of affective disorders.
Foot Drop After Walking
Authors: Liveson Jay Allan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A 49-year-old man complained of leg stiffness and difficulty walking for several months. He felt a tightness and ache after prolonged standing. After prolonged walking, he would develop a dropped left foot. These symptoms resolved on resting. Valsalva’s maneuver had no effect. Medical history was negative. Patient had dieted and lost 40 pounds.
Weak Pinch and Pronation
Authors: Liveson Jay Allan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A 44-year-old right-handed man became aware of decreased distal flexion of his left thumb and index finger for 9 months. Pronation of the left forearm was questionably weak. In addition, he had tingling of all of his fingers. He denied neck pain, change on Valsalva’s maneuver, nocturnal worsening, and leg symptoms. His medical history was limited to recurrent left shoulder pain since a car injury 1 year before.
Clavicular Fracture and Weakness
Authors: Liveson Jay Allan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Three weeks previously, a 21-year-old man sustained a depressed fracture of the left clavicle. His forearm and hand became weak with numbness sparing the dorsum. Surgery was limited to careful elevation of the clavicle. Subsequently, the numbness decreased and strength improved. His medical history was negative. Physical Examination. There was weakness of all radial innervated muscles, the flexor pollicis longus, and intrinsic hand muscles, including those of the thenar eminence. Hypalgesia extended from the axilla along the medial arm, medial forearm, and volar surface of all digits. An operative scar was present over the left clavicle. No Homer’s sign was evident. DTRs were active and symmetric, and plantar responses were flexor.
Arm Weakness After Breech Delivery
Authors: Liveson Jay Allan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A 10-year-old girl was referred for evaluation of residual right arm weakness which related to a complicated breech delivery. No other medical or family history was relevant. PHYSICAL EXAMINATION. Cranial nerves were normal with equal coloration of her eyes and pupillary diameter. There was winging of the right scapula with shoulder atrophy and a flexion contracture of her elbow. Sensation was decreased proximally. DTRs were symmetric and hypoactive with no pathologic reflexes.
Exacerbating, Remitting Weakness, and Ataxia
Authors: Liveson Jay Allan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Patient is a 46-year-old physician who, 18 years ago, noted deterioration of his handwriting that lasted for 2 months. Twelve years later, he developed ataxia, tremors of his hands and lips, voice change, and leg weakness. These persisted, with varying degrees of severity, for 2 years. His subsequent course was of remissions and exacerbations. During the recent months, he developed numbness of his toes and hands. He denied pain, difficulty swallowing, visual problems, or changes with temperature. Family history was negative.
Knee Fracture with Puzzling Findings
Authors: Liveson Jay Allan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A 71-year-old woman fell 7 weeks previously, developing a left “dropped foot” 5 days later. She was found to have a depressed fracture of her tibial plateau and nondisplaced fracture of her fibular head. Open reduction and internal fixation was performed. Subsequently, there was no change in her function. Medical history showed hypertension.
Charlie Chaplin Gait and Ataxia
Authors: Liveson Jay Allan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A 19-year-old boy was sent for evaluation of difficulty with gait and coordination, progressing since the age of 3. In spite of a prolonged breech delivery, patient appeared normal at birth. His motor milestones were delayed, his gait described as clumsy, with small steps (“like Charlie Chaplin”). He also had difficulty with fine grasp. Bilateral tendon lengthening was performed when he was 15, at a point when his gait had stabilized. He had episodes of body and leg shaking triggered by anxiety. He admitted to balance difficulty in the dark. Family history was negative.
1.Patient had dysmetria of his upper and lower limbs and nystagmus on lateral gaze. These suggest an abnormality of the cerebellum or of its input. In addition, the decreased gag reflex and palatal movement points to abnormality in the bulbar region. These all indicate intracranial pathology in the posterior fossa.
Fracture C1-C2 Complications
Authors: Liveson Jay Allan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A 9-year-old boy was hit by a truck. He was brought comatose to the hospital and found to have fracture of the C1-C2 region. Gardner-Wells tongs were applied. After 3 months, he regained consciousness but remained quadriplegic with no spontaneous respiration. An evaluation of the status of his phrenic nerve was requested because implantation of a phrenic nerve stimulator was being considered.
Gait Difficulty in the Dark
Authors: Liveson Jay Allan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A 62-year-old woman noted difficulty walking because of impaired balance progressing slowly over the previous 5 years. This was exacerbated in the dark. Patient also complained that objects appeared to be jumping when she nodded. She had numbness of hands and feet for 4 years and arthritic pain in her left hand. Medical history included duodenal ulcer surgery, labile blood pressure, and elevated cholesterol. No relevant family history.
Combined HMSN I and HSAN III
Authors: Liveson Jay Allan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
An 18-year-old boy was admitted for evaluation of development abnormalities. Although there were no perinatal problems, delayed motor and language milestones soon became evident, necessitating special education. The patient continued to function below his age level. For several months he developed gastrointestinal symptoms that progressed from persistent vomiting to difficulty swallowing solids, and finally to frequent abdominal and chest pains. This was diagnosed as esophagitis. His blood pressure fluctuated, and hyperthermic episodes were triggered by sore throats. Other abnormalities included impaired lacrimation, frequent burns and bruises, and difficulty with fine finger movements.
Patchy Numbness and Hypereosinophilia
Authors: Liveson Jay Allan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A 27-year-old woman developed swelling and numbness below her right knee 1 month previously, progressing to numbness and weakness of her foot. Two weeks later, a numbness developed in the medial aspect of her left hand. There was a brief period of cervical stiffness, but no other back pain. Valsalva’s maneuver had no effect. A rash appeared all over her body and extremities for a brief period. There was no significant past medical history. Patient was found to have marked eosinophilia on complete blood count.
Postdelivery Ann Weakness
Authors: Liveson Jay Allan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A 13-year-old boy was sent for reevaluation of a left arm lesion that occurred with his delivery. There was no other medical history. Physical Examination. Cranial nerves were intact, with equal pupils (both in width and coloration). All findings were confined to the left arm. There was no scapular winging or atrophy. He had mild weakness of his deltoid, biceps, triceps, and brachioradialis with normal distal function. Hypesthesia was patchy and difficult to define. DTRs were absent in this arm.
Restless Legs Syndrome
Authors: Liveson Jay Allan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Over the course of a decade, a 65-year-old woman noted gradual progression of nocturnal paresthesias of her legs. She described constant restless movements. In addition, she had difficulty climbing stairs, possibly because of pain or weakness. Some tender spots occurred on her legs. Physical Examination. Cranial nerve, cerebellar, motor, and sensory function were normal. DTRs were absent with no pathologic reflexes. No Lasègue’s sign was present.
Toward a Unified Theory of Causation
Authors: Koons Robert C 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The literature in the twentieth century on causation is vast and complex. I will give here only a cursory survey of it, with the aim of locating the elements that I have appropriated into the formal theory developed in the rest of part I. My main objective has been to unify the theory of causation in such a way as to provide something useful to philosophers of science, researchers in artificial intelligence, and philosophers of mind and intentionality.
An In deterministic Model
Authors: Koons Robert C 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the last chapter, we encountered a number of reasons for being dissatisfied with a deterministic conception of causation, both for token-causation and for causal explanation. The most important reason for such dissatisfaction is that an ideal definition of causation should not make causation impossible in an entirely in deterministic world. For all we know, the actual world is in deterministic through and through, and yet we can be reasonably confident that causation is a reality in our world.
A Causal Theory of Logical and Mathematical Cognition
Authors: Koons Robert C 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Gettier examples in epistemology indicate that a causal element is needed to distinguish knowledge from true opinion. The distinction between knowledge and true opinion pertains to the domain of logic and mathematics, as well as to domains of contingent and temporal truths. Hence, we need to be able to appeal to the existence of causal connections of the appropriate kind between mathematical facts and our beliefs about them. Paul Benacerraf (1983a) has pressed this point as a basis for a critique of realist conception of mathematical truth: if mathematical facts are causally inert, we cannot know them.
Enduring Substances and Their Identities
Authors: Koons Robert C 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The ontologically basic components of the world are situation-tokens and situation types. Situation-tokens encompass such things as events, states, processes, histories, and (in one sense of the word) facts. Situation-types are predicables: multiply-instantiated properties and relations of situation-tokens.
The most prominent inhabitants of the world are enduring substances, spatially extended things, typically composed of matter, that experience change, that are sometimes created and destroyed, and that have histories. Enduring substances include such things as living organisms, artifacts, discrete, homogeneous masses, and social institutions.
Moral Theory as the Teleology of Character
Authors: Koons Robert C 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Moral virtue is the disposition to fulfill those of one’s teleofunctions concerned with choice and intentional action. As such, the exercise of moral virtue is an important component of eudaemonia. The primary teleofunctions of the will are included in the set of primary teleofunctions whose fulfillment constitutes eudaemonia.
Literary Fictz”on and Reality
Authors: Kermode Frank 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Towards the beginning of his novel The Man Without Qualities, Robert Musil announces that ‘no serious attempt will be made to … enter into competition with reality.’ And yet it is an element in the situation he cannot ignore. How good it would be, he suggests, if one could find in life the simplicity inherent in narrative order. ‘This is the simple order that consists in being able to say: “When that had happened, then this happened.” What puts our mind at rest is the simple sequence, the overwhelming variegation of life now represented in, as a mathematician would say, a unidimensional order.’ We like the illusions of this sequence, its acceptable appearance of causality: ‘it has the look of necessity.’ But the look is illusory; Musil’s hero Ulrich has ‘lost this elementary narrative element’ and so has Musil. The Man Without Qualities is multidimensional, fragmentary, without the possibility of a narrative end. Why could he not have his narrative order? Because ‘everything has now become non-nairrative.’ The illusion would be too gross and absurd.
The Market as Prison
Authors: Lindblom Charles 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Suppose—just to limber up our minds—that we faced the fanciful task of designing a political system or a political/economic system that would be highly resistant to change. How to do it? One way that can be imagined—but only imagined—is to design institutions of such excellence as would satisfy us without further amendment and would do so under all possible circumstances in a rapidly changing world. To identify such a possibility is to discard it as hopelessly visionary. Another possibility might be somehow to place all power in the hands of a despot or oligarch, who would thereafter deny citizens any capacity for changing the system. But doing so would of course enable the elites to change the system, and we know that some elites are more eager for change than some masses.
Another possibility is simple and fiendishly clever. It is to design institutions so that any attempt to alter them automatically triggers punishment. By “automatic” I mean that the punishment follows from the very act intended to change the system. Punishment does not wait for anyone’s deliberation on whether the change is acceptable or not. Such a change-repressing system would be all the more effective if the punishments were strong; if they took the form of over responses, like the tantrums of a spoiled child raging at even mild attempts at parental control.
The Politics of Nineteenth-Century Gospel Hymns
Authors: Lange Barbara Rose 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Believers requested the song “Föl, barátim!” (Forward, My Friends) at almost every midweek service of the IG that I attended in Pees, where many elderly Magyars were present. It is a translation of Philip Bliss’s “Hold the Fort.” Although no one used a musical score, the singers interspersed dotted and even rhythms in a way that was nearly congruent with Bliss’s original.1 They used heavy accents and handclaps, emphasizing many consonants and alliterative “z” sounds in the refrain line.
Stigma and Stereotype
Authors: Lange Barbara Rose 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Many small congregations like the IG operate with a sense of egalitarianism arising out of their structure as folk churches where their sense of communicating with God and each other is immediate. They resemble the early Pentecostals in America, who characterized their community as one “body of Christ.” IG members even used the phrase “we are one body” (egy test vagyunk) at times when they were explaining their ethnic mixture to outsiders. Writers in the early issues of the American Pentecostal movement’s periodical Apostolic Faith used images of melting and of multitudes gathering (MacRobert 1988:55-56).
Touchstones
Authors: Fort Timothy L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
During the mid-l980s, I primarily practiced business and tax law. One exploding area was employee benefits law. Pension plans, of course, had been around for some time, but many companies found that there were more efficient and inexpensive ways for a corporation to provide retirement benefits than through traditional defined-benefit plans. A proper execution of the termination of a defined-benefit plan, which had been the mainstay of corporate retirement programs, could result in substantial excess cash that a company could convert for other corporate purposes.
Social Contracting
Authors: Fort Timothy L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter assesses an approach that is significantly advanced over that of agency contractarianism. Social contractarianism, however, is not without weaknesses. I begin by providing a background of the social contractarian approach and go on to focus specifically on the most advanced social contract application to business: Donaldson and Dunfee’s integrative social contracts theory (ISCT). In the last section, I offer three critiques of ISCT: that it gives a too-thin assessment of community, a too-thin understanding of nature, and a too-thin understanding of transcendence.
The Dark Side of Religion in the Workplace and Some Suggestions for Brightening It
Authors: Fort Timothy L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Several years ago when I was writing an article about Supreme Court church-state jurisprudence, a judge on a U.S. circuit court asked incredulously if I thought I could make sense of it. Indeed, the second half of the twentieth century regularly witnessed bewildering litigation over religion’s proper role in a constitutional democracy.
Bright Dots, Dot Corns, and Camelot?
Authors: Fort Timothy L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
David Messick has proposed an account of evolutionary altruism bolstered by contemporary findings in social psychology. In this book, I have essentially embraced a significant portion of Messick’s methodology. Rather than being tepid about his methodology, I hope I have shown that a naturalist approach is a strong ally for philosophical business ethics and has potential for substantive reconfiguration of corporate governance structures that take advantage of aspects of human nature in order to construct organizations that foster ethical business behavior.
Spiritual Movement
Authors: Bencivenga Ermanno 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The ambiguity surrounding my use of the word “story” has already surfaced: On the one hand, a story is supposed to provide whatever content a concept has (and the universal story should supply the content of the one and only concept there ultimately is)—which is in principle compatible with such a story being haphazard and messy, and even making no sense at all. On the other hand, the latter is definitely not the kind of story Hegel has in mind; in fact, if the story allegedly telling the truth about the world (history, that is) were to reduce to something like that, he would insist that there is no truth to it.
Stit: A canonical form for agentives
Authors: Belnap Nuel , Perloff Michael , Xu Ming 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Among the topics of discussion in this world, none are more common than those concerning the achievements and refrainings, obligations and prohibitions, successes and failures of the agents with whom we share a common space.* “What happened when so-and-so did that?” we ask, or “What should have been done?” Biographies and narrative histories, which form a sizable segment of our reading materials, have as their central concern the doings of agents, their obligations and prohibitions, the outcomes of their choices, and the range of things from which they refrain.
Stit and the imperative
Authors: Belnap Nuel , Perloff Michael , Xu Ming 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Suppose that we humans were to be deprived of all forms of speech, except just one that we might choose to keep.* Which would it be? On p. 10 of chapter 1 we cited and endorsed, as a much-neglected truth, Hamblin’s confident assertion that we should choose imperatives over all other forms. The central concern of the following is to explore ways that stit can help in the understanding of this important category. Among the factors underlying the relationship between stit and imperatives is the fact that on the one side stit is a theory of agents seeing to-it-that, while on the other issuing and receiving imperatives are distinctive forms of agentive behavior: Agents use imperatives to tell other agents what to do, or what not to do, to advise them about how to act and what to wear, to invite other agents to dinner and to the theater, to request favors and to demand attention.
Broadway Yearbook 1999-2000
Authors: Suskin Steven 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Broadway Yearbook 1999-2000 is a unique and detailed guide to the theatrical year presenting 46 different shows. The volume features a comprehensive discussion of every show that opened on Broadway during the 1999-2000 season as well as several non-Broadway productions of importance or general interest. Each entry is accompanied by credits and cast lists, scorecards summarizing overall critical reception for each show, and a recap of each show’s financial performance. A new kind of theatre annual, this distinctive volume discusses what the shows are actually like (instead of merely relying on plot synopses or photographs). It is an interpretive record, featuring not only dates and names but also the stories behind the statistics. Opening night title pages illustrate each show discussion. Appendices include a roundup of the season’s major awards, memorable performances of the year, obituaries, long run leaders, shows still running from prior seasons, scheduled shows that never reached Broadway, and a comprehensive index. Steven Suskin has provided a relevant and irreverent record of the year’s memorable high points (and low points). Written from an insider’s perspective, the book is knowledgeable, intriguing, provocative, and entertaining.
November 17 Tango Argentino
Authors: Suskin Steven 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Tango Argentino first came to town in 1985. Like many similar non-English-language “special” attractions, it was booked for a single week at City Center. The response was good enough for the show to arrange a quick transfer to the empty Mark Hellinger Theatre for a four-week run. Business was phenomenal; apparently, there was an enormous South American audience in New York, just waiting for an attraction of this sort. So much so that Tango Argentino stayed on Broadway for an unprecedented six months.
March 30 Contact: “A Dance Play in Three Short Stories”
Authors: Suskin Steven 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
As the decade ended, Lincoln Center Theater gambled its resources on two innovative, uncompromising musical tragedies. Parade, in December 1998, dealt with a true-life lynching; Marie Christine, in December 1999, dealt with matricide out of Medea. Both, surprisingly enough, were exceedingly glum; both marked the Broadway debut of modernistic young composer-lyricists; both were rooted in the American South, with race-rooted overtones of the Civil War; and both were pretty much inaccessible to most audiences. Despite some vociferous fans, Parade and Marie Christine met walls of resistance from critics and audiences, and quickly failed. (Cast albums of the two shows demonstrated that they were, indeed, important— if difficult— musical theatre works.)
The financial losses were huge, markedly so in an era when inordinate costs have significantly choked off the production of new musicals — built from scratch— on Broadway. While both experiments were to some extent underwritten by outside sponsors, ticket sales play a large part in Lincoln Center Theater’s health— specifically, the “single-ticket,” nonsubscriber sales. Lincoln Center subscribers pay an annual $35 fee, which goes toward overall costs, plus $30 for tickets to each show they choose to attend. The nonsubscriber price for orchestra seats is presently $80.