bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bounds for the eigenvalues of block 2 × 2 Hermitian positive‐definite matrices
Authors: Kolotilina L. Yu. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractLower and upper conditional bounds for the eigenvalues of a Hermitian positive‐definite block 2 × 2 matrix, describing their closest possible location, are derived. The notions of partially and totally optimal spectra are introduced, and several equivalent characterizations of matrices with partially and totally optimal spectra are presented. It is shown that the block 2 × 2 block Jacobi scaled matrices and the so‐called equilibrated matrices have totally optimal spectra. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A finite volume element method for a non‐linear elliptic problem
Authors: Chatzipantelidis P. , Ginting V. , Lazarov R. D. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractWe consider a finite volume discretization of second‐order non‐linear elliptic boundary value problems on polygonal domains. Using relatively standard assumptions we show the existence of the finite volume solution. Furthermore, for a sufficiently small data the uniqueness of the finite volume solution may also be deduced. We derive error estimates in H1‐, L2‐ and L∞‐norm for small data and convergence in H1‐norm for large data. In addition a Newton's method is analysed for the approximation of the finite volume solution and numerical experiments are presented. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Preparation and characterization of biocompatible spongy cryogels of poly(vinyl alcohol)–gelatin and study of water sorption behaviour
Authors: Bajpai AK , Saini Rajesh 
Published: May 2005

AbstractPorous biocompatible spongy hydrogels of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)–gelatin were prepared by the freezing–thawing method and characterized by infrared and differential scanning calorimetry. The prepared so‐called ‘cryogels’ were evaluated for their water‐uptake potential and the influence of various factors, such as the chemical architecture of the spongy hydrogels, pH and the temperature of the swelling bath, on the degree of water sorption by the cryogels was investigated. It was found that the water sorption capacity constantly decreased with increasing concentration of PVA while initially an increase and thereafter a decrease in swelling was obtained with increasing amounts of gelatin in the cryogel. The water sorption capacity decreased with an increase in the number of freeze–thaw cycles. The hydrogels were also swollen in salt solutions and various simulated biological fluids and a fall in swelling ratio was noticed. The effect of the drying temperature of the cryogel on its water sorption capacity was also investigated, and a decrease in swelling was obtained with increasing temperature of drying. The biocompatibility of the prepared materials was assessed by in vitro methods of blood‐clot formation, platelet adhesion, and per cent haemolysis. It was noticed that with increasing concentration of PVA and gelatin the biocompatibility increased, while a reduced biocompatibility was noted with an increasing number of freeze–thaw cycles. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Art‐loving bugs: The resurrection of Spinello Aretino from Pisa's cemetery
Authors: Antonioli Paolo , Zapparoli Giacomo , Abbruscato Pamela , Sorlini Claudia , Ranalli Giancarlo , Righetti Pier Giorgio 
Published: May 2005

AbstractDuring 1391–1392, Spinello Aretino painted a cycle of frescoes in Pisa's cemetery on the theme “Storie dei Santi Martiri Efisio e Potito”, highly prized by contemporaries and by Vasari. Twenty years ago, one of these frescoes, “Conversione di S. Efisio e Battaglia” (Conversion of S. Efisio and Battle), because of discolouring and bad damage caused by humidity and atmospheric pollution, was removed from the walls using the “tear‐off” technique, consisting in covering the surface with a strong cloth bound to the surface with generous layers of formaldehyde‐treated glue. As luck would have it, this large fresco (3.50 × 7.80 m) was abandoned in a storehouse for more than 20 years. When the curators attempted to remove the cloth, much to their dismay they found that the glue resisted any attempt at digestion, even when treated with concoctions of the most aggressive proteolytic enzymes available on the market. It is likely that during the long storage the glue became slowly cross‐linked by the formaldehyde to the point of forming an intricate mass of untreatable proteinaceous material. Thus, although poor Spinello died presumably as a bona fide Christian, his painting was condemned to wear the burka, Muslim‐fashion, for the rest of its life. When we recently treated the fresco with a suspension of viable Pseudomonas stutzeri cells, these bacteria, although agnostic, were able to fully digest the hardened glue and restore to life Spinello's glorious painting. We show here how proteomics helped us solve the riddle of how these bacteria acted on the burka‐obscured fresco.
Design, construction, and characterization of a large synthetic human antibody phage display library
Authors: Silacci Michela , Brack Simon , Schirru Giulia , Mårlind Jessica , Ettorre Anna , Merlo Adrian , Viti Francesca , Neri Dario 
Published: May 2005

AbstractAdvances in proteomic research allow the identification of several hundred protein components in complex biological specimens. Structural information is typically lost during proteomic investigations. For this reason, the rapid isolation of monoclonal antibodies specific to proteins of interest would allow the study of structurally intact biological specimens, thus providing complementary proteomic information. Here, we describe the design, construction, characterization, and use of a large synthetic human antibody phage display library (ETH‐2‐Gold) containing three billion individual antibody clones. A large repertoire of antibodies with similar biochemical properties was produced by appending short variable complementarity‐determining region 3 (CDR3) onto three antibody germline segments (DP47, DPK22, and DPL16), which are frequently found in human antibodies. The ETH‐2‐Gold library exhibits efficient display of antibody fragments on filamentous phage, as assessed by immunoblot. Furthermore, the library is highly functional, since >90% of clones express soluble antibodies in bacteria and since good quality monoclonal antibodies have been isolated against 16 different antigens. The usefulness of the library as a tool for generating monoclonal antibodies for biomedical applications was tested using the C‐domain of tenascin‐C (a marker of angiogenesis) as antigen and showing that specific antibodies to this target were able to stain vascular structures in tumor sections.
Protein profile changes in the human breast cancer cell line MCF‐7 in response to SEL1L gene induction
Authors: Bianchi Laura , Canton Cristina , Bini Luca , Orlandi Rosaria , Ménard Sylvie , Armini Alessandro , Cattaneo Monica , Pallini Vitaliano , Bernardi Luigi Rossi , Biunno Ida 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe ectopic expression of the gene SEL1L in the human breast carcinoma cell line MCF‐7 resulted in a reduction of the aggressive behaviour of these cells in vitro. In addition, in vivo analysis on a series of primary breast carcinomas revealed an association between the SEL1L protein levels and the patient's overall survival. We aimed to find those proteins, associated with SEL1L, which may be involved in modulating the aggressive or invasive behaviour of breast cancer cells. For this purpose, we used both the proteomic and microarray approaches. Image analysis of two‐dimensional electropherograms revealed the presence of 27 qualitative and 35 quantitative variations between the MCF7‐SEL1L expressing cells compared to control. Mass spectrometry identified 32 changing proteins mostly involved in cytoskeletal and metabolic activities, stress response and protein folding, selenoprotein synthesis and cellular proliferation. Five of these also showed changes in transcript levels, as assessed by Affymetrix microarray analysis. Interestingly, seven proteins: carbonic anhydrase (CA) II, ovarian/breast septin, S100A16 calcium binding protein, 14‐3‐3 protein sigma, proteasome subunit β type 6, Hsp60 and protein disulphide‐isomerase A3 merit particular attention since they are known to be involved in cancer, in response to cellular stress and in protein folding.
Cycloadditions in mixed aqueous solvents: the role of the water concentration
Authors: Rispens Theo , Engberts Jan B. F. N. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractWe examined the kinetics of a series of cycloaddition reactions in mixtures of water with methanol, acetonitrile and poly(ethylene glycol) (MW 1000). The reactions include the Diels–Alder (DA) reaction between cyclopentadiene and N‐n‐butylmaleimide or acridizinium bromide, the retro‐Diels‐Alder (RDA) reaction of 1,4,4a,9a‐tetrahydro‐4a‐methyl‐(1α,4α,4aα,9aα)‐1,4‐methaneanthracene‐9,10‐dione and the 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition of benzonitrile oxide with N‐n‐butylmaleimide. Plots of logk vs the molar concentration or volume fraction of water are approximately linear, but with a characteristic break around 40 M water. This break, absent for the RDA reaction, is ascribed to hydrophobic effects. Comparison with aqueous mixtures of the more hydrophobic 1‐propanol shows that these mixtures induce qualitatively similar effects on the rate, but that preferential solvation effects cause the mixtures of 1‐propanol to exhibit a more complex behavior of logk on composition. The results are analyzed using the Abraham–Kamlett–Taft model. The solvent effects in aqueous mixtures are not satisfactorily described by this model. For some cycloadditions, small maxima in rate are observed in highly aqueous mixtures of alcohols. The origin of these maxima and the aforementioned breaks is most likely the same. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Self‐assembly of molecules containing the 2‐aminopyridine unit in non‐polar solvents
Authors: Rospenk Maria , Koll Aleksander 
Published: May 2005

AbstractA combined experimental and theoretical study on the self‐assembly of three molecules, 2,2′‐dipyridylamine, 2‐(1‐phenylamino)pyridine and 2‐methylaminopyridine was performed. The effect of concentration increase in low‐polarity solvents was investigated. The average molecular weights, dipole moments and IR spectra of these compounds were measured in C6H6, CCl4 and CHCl3. A strong association of all these molecules was found, through NH···N hydrogen bonding. The form of associates is different; in molecules containing the N‐aromatic ring the aggregates have a dipole moment decreasing with concentration whereas in N‐methylaminopyridine a considerable increase in dipole moment with concentration was observed. DFT B3LYP/6–31G(d,p) calculations for monomers, dimers, trimers and tetramers of these three molecules were performed to model the structures of possible aggregates. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluation of the needs and concerns of partners of women at high risk of developing breast/ovarian cancer
Authors: Mireskandari Shab , Meiser Bettina , Sherman Kerry , Warner Beverley J. , Andrews Lesley , Tucker Katherine M. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThis exploratory study investigates the experience of partners of women at high risk of developing breast/ovarian cancer and reports on the partners' views concerning their relationship, communication, future planning, children and childbearing, involvement in decision‐making regarding screening and prophylactic measures, and information and support needs. In‐depth interviews were conducted with 15 partners. Of these, seven were partners of women who were BRCA1/2 mutation carriers, five were partners of women with unknown mutation status, and three were partners of women who were non‐carriers. None of the women had a previous diagnosis of breast or ovarian cancer. Partners of carriers and women with unknown mutation status were found to be more distressed than partners of non‐carriers, with partners of mutation carriers reporting the most difficulties. Factors associated with better adjustment and coping for partners included dealing with this situation as a team with their wife, greater involvement in decision‐making, satisfaction with their supportive roles and being optimistic. Decision‐making difficulties in relation to prophylactic measures, concerns about their children possibly being at increased cancer risk, as well as the need to receive information directly from health professionals and the wish to meet other partners were also discussed. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Not all negative emotions are equal: the role of emotional expression in online support groups for women with breast cancer
Authors: Lieberman Morton A. , Goldstein Benjamin A. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe repression/suppression of negative emotions has long been considered detrimental for breast cancer (BC) patients, leading to poor coping, progression of symptoms, and general lower quality of life. Therapies have focused on encouraging the expression of negative emotions. While group therapies have proven to be successful for BC patients, no study has looked at the role of expressing negative emotions during the therapeutic interaction. We examined written expressed emotions by women participating in a common form of psychosocial support, Internet based bulletin boards (BBs). Fifty‐two new members to BC BBs were studied. They completed measures of quality of life and depression. After 6 months the measures were again assessed and messages during that time were collected and analyzed for emotional content. For the 52 women, results showed that greater expression of anger was associated with higher quality of life and lower depression, while the expression of fear and anxiety was associated with lower quality of life and higher depression. The expression of sadness was unrelated to change scores. Our results serve to challenge the commonly held belief that the expression of all negative emotions are beneficial for BC patients. Instead, expressing specific negative emotions are beneficial, while others are not. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Consequence analysis—Using a CFD model for industrial sites
Authors: Dharmavaram S. , Hanna S. R. , Hansen O. R. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractSeveral models are currently available to model the discharge and dispersion of toxic or flammable materials to the environment. A few of the Gaussian dispersion modeling tools allow the representation of the complex environment within a manufacturing plant or urban area in determining the impact of continuous releases from a plant. For atmospheric dispersion of dense gases, a correction is made for the presence of the buildings and other complexity by using a surface roughness parameter, which is only a crude approximation. A need exists to obtain realistic estimates of plume dispersion in a complex environment, particularly accounting for buildings/obstructions at a plant and the associated turbulence. With the advance of computational technology, and greater availability of computing power, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) tools are becoming more available for solving a wide range of problems. A CFD model, called FLACS (flame acceleration simulator), developed originally for explosion modeling, has been upgraded for atmospheric dispersion modeling. CFD tools such as FLACS can now be confidently used to understand the impact of releases in a plant environment consisting of buildings, structures, and pipes, and accounting for all complex fluid flow behavior in the atmosphere and predicting toxicity and fire/explosion impacts. With its porosity concept representing geometry details smaller than the grid, FLACS can satisfactorily represent geometry even when using a coarse‐grid resolution to limit the simulation time. The performance of FLACS has recently been evaluated using a wide range of field data sets for sulfur dioxide (Prairie Grass), carbon dioxide (Kit Fox), and ethylene (EMU), for example. In this paper, details about the improvements made to FLACS, model validation exercises, and results from the modeling of releases from an industrial facility are presented. © 2005 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog, 2005
Safe acetoxylation of propylene: The role of oxygen
Authors: Chen Jenq‐Renn , Lee Chien‐May 
Published: May 2005

AbstractAcetoxylation processes are a special type of oxidation process in which the oxygen participates indirectly in the coupling of olefins and carboxylic acids. For example, propylene, acetic acid, and oxygen were catalyzed by Pd catalyst at 433.15 K, 0.5–0.6 MPa to form allyl acetate. As a part of developing safe propylene acetoxylation processes, the effects of excess oxygen are studied directly in the presence of a catalyst or an ignition source. Oxidation and combustion are found to dominate the catalytic reaction when the oxygen feed concentration exceeds the normal level of 6.4%. Temperature runaway is found to occur at feed oxygen concentrations > 14%. Without the presence of catalysts, the ignition and deflagration are possible only when the feed oxygen concentration is >18.6%. The possible mechanism of the catalytic combustion is discussed. The results suggest that using homogeneous flammability limits as the safe operating boundary for catalytic gas‐phase acetoxylation processes is unsafe and proper precautions must be taken for potential catalytic oxidation. © 2005 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog, 2005
In vivo effects of the fungicide ethaboxam on microtubule integrity in Phytophthora infestans
Authors: Uchida Maho , Roberson Robert W. , Chun Sam‐Jae , Kim Dal‐Soo 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe effects of ethaboxam (LGC‐30473), a novel thiazole carboxamide, on microtubule organization was investigated in Phytophthora infestans (Mont) de Bary (Oomycota) at the light microscope level using standard immunofluorescence and laser scanning confocal microscopy. Hyphal cells were exposed to various concentrations ranging from 0.01 to 1.0 µg ml−1 of ethaboxam at incubation times of 30, 60 and 120 min. Microtubules were disrupted after exposure to ethaboxam for 30 min at 0.01 µg ml−1. Similar experimental conditions were used to document the effects of ethaboxam on microtubule integrity in the model fungus Aspergillus nidulans (Eidam) Winter (Ascomycota) and in mammalian mouse 17 clone 1 cells. Under these conditions, there was no evidence to suggest that microtubules in A nidulans and mouse culture cells were affected by the ethaboxam. These results indicate that ethaboxam is specific for the targeting of microtubule disruption in P infestans. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
A physically based thermal model for high‐voltage thin‐film SOI LDMOS in short circuit operation
Authors: Roig J. , Flores D. , Urresti J. , Cortes I. , Hidalgo S. , Millán J. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe heat generation process inside thin‐film silicon‐on‐insulator LDMOS structures accounting for Linear Doping Profile (LDP) or Variation on Lateral Doping (VLD) is analysed in this paper by means of numerical simulation tools and analytical modeling. A uniform heat density, mainly due to the Joule effect, has been demonstrated to be generated in a rectangular shaped heat source, contained in the drift region. The dimensions of such a heat source are dependent on the drain bias as well as on the geometrical/technological structure parameters. Accordingly, we have developed an analytical electro‐thermal model to provide physical insight into the heat generation process, and to predict dynamic temperature distribution by means of heat flow equation approach. The model is suitable for typical short circuit operation when the internal device temperature raises critically. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Electrical properties of undoped PZT and Co‐doped PCZT films deposited on ITO/glass substrates by a sol–gel method
Authors: Liu Zuli , Liu Qing , Liu Hongri , Yao Kailun 
Published: May 2005

AbstractPb(Zr0.5Ti0.5)O3 (PZT) and Co‐doped Pb(Zr0.5Ti0.5)O3 (PCZT) thin films have been fabricated on ITO/glass substrates by a sol–gel method combined with a rapid thermal annealing process. The films were polycrystalline with (101)‐preferred orientation. The experiments found that the addition of cobalt in PZT films greatly improved the ferroelectric properties of PZT thin films. Large remanent polarization and small coercive field were confirmed by P–E hysteresis loop measurements. The values for PZT films and PCZT films with 10 mol% Co‐doped annealed at 600 °C were 36.5 µC/cm2 and 45.2 kV/cm, 58.6 µC/cm2 and 67.3 kV/cm, respectively. Also, dielectric properties and I–V properties of PCZT films were revealed to be sensitive to the content of cobalt. The loss factor was higher for PCZT than for PZT films. The same behavior was obtained for the leakage current density. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Microstructure and magnetic properties of FePt and FePt–Al2O3 thin films fabricated by in situ ordering process
Authors: Cao J. , Yang Z. , Katayama N. , Matsumoto M. , Morisako A. , Liu X. , Takei S. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe microstructure and magnetic properties of L10 ordered Fe55Pt45 and (Fe55Pt45)1–x–(Al2O3)x thin films fabricated by in situ ordering process were studied. For Fe55Pt45 thin films, preheating substrate above 250 °C induces a transformation from a disordered fcc structure to ordered L10 phase and the films become magnetically hard. The addition of Al2O3 made fcc‐fct transformation temperature rise from 250 °C to 400 °C and the average grain size of thin films reduce from 20 nm to 6nm or less. The reason why the fcc‐fct phase transformation starts at lower substrate temperature can be well understood by the discussion of relationship between phase transformation and kinetic energy of sputtered atoms. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Characteristics of SnO2 fishbone‐like nanostructures prepared by the thermal evaporation
Authors: Kim Hyoun Woo , Kim Nam Ho , Myung Ju Hyun , Shim Seung Hyun 
Published: May 2005

AbstractWe have successfully grown the tin oxide (SnO2) fishbone‐like nanostructures on titanium nitride (TiN)‐coated substrates by the thermal evaporation of Sn powders. X‐ray diffraction indicated that the product had the phase structure of the rutile form of SnO2. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed that the product consisted of fishbone‐like structure, with branches and sub‐branches attached to the main stem. High‐resolution TEM and selected area diffraction pattern coincidentally indicated that both branches and sub‐branches were single crystalline rutile SnO2 structures. Room temperature photoluminescnece (PL) spectrum of the as‐synthesized SnO2 nanostructures exhibited peaks associated with the visible light emission. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)