bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Supplemental Screening With MRI in Women With Dense Breasts: The European Perspective
Authors: Kilburn-Toppin Fleur , Allajbeu Iris , Healy Nuala , Gilbert Fiona J 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer in women in Europe, and while all European countries have some form of screening for breast cancer, disparities in organization and implementation exist. Breast density is a well-established risk factor for breast cancer; however, most countries in Europe do not have recommendations in place for notification of breast density or additional supplementary imaging for women with dense breasts. Various supplemental screening modalities have been investigated in Europe, and when comparing modalities, MRI has been shown to be superior in cancer detection rate and in detecting small invasive disease that may impact long-term survival, as demonstrated in the Dense Tissue and Early Breast Neoplasm Screening (DENSE) trial in the Netherlands. Based on convincing evidence, the European Society of Breast Imaging issued recommendations that women with category D density undergo breast MRI from ages 50 to 70 years at least every 4 years and preferably every 2 to 3 years. However, currently no countries in Europe routinely offer women with BI-RADS category D density breasts MRI as supplemental imaging. The reasons for lack of implementation of MRI screening are multifactorial. Concerns regarding increased recalls have been cited, as have cost and lack of resources. However, studies have demonstrated breast MRI in women with BI-RADS category D density breasts to be cost-effective compared with the current breast cancer screening standard of biannual mammography. Furthermore, abbreviated MRI protocols could facilitate more widespread use of affordable MRI screening. Women’s perception on breast density notification and supplemental imaging is key to successful implementation.
Noisy nocebo harms: a two-part problem for active drug surveillance
Authors: Due Austin 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Objectives
To illustrate both the bioethical and data-quality or ‘epistemic’ issues that are constitutive of the ‘nocebo effect’ in active pharmaceutical surveillance. This is intended to both motivate careful risk communication with patients and to assist researchers in developing the growing practice of active pharmacovigilance.

Methods
An examination and consideration of the definition of nocebo effect and an investigation into an imagined case of how nocebo effects arise in the process of active surveillance with the purposes of illustrating the two-part problem.

Key Findings
Nocebo effects as negative expectation or conditioning effects are bioethical issues in the course of active pharmacovigilance insofar as they are genuine harms patients can experience. However, this is only one ‘side’ of the problem that nocebo effects entail. When nocebo effects are reported as suspected adverse drug reactions to databases aimed at discovering the actual pharmacological properties of drugs, this is ‘noise’ in those databases.

Conclusion
Due to the two-part problem that nocebo effects entail in active surveillance, i.e. that they are genuine patient harms and they are ‘noise’ in pharmacovigilance databases aimed at discovering the pharmacological properties of drugs, we ought to be careful to mitigate these in practice and in research methods. This more robust account of the issues that nocebo effects are constitutive of more comprehensively motivates careful risk communication.
The role of alternative oxidase in the maintenance of cellular redox balance under hypoxia via participation in nitric oxide turnover
Authors: Igamberdiev Abir U , Bykova Natalia V 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Alternative oxidase (AOX) regulates the level of reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide (NO) in plants. While it alleviates NO formation under normoxic conditions, there are several indications that in conditions of low oxygen, such as during seed germination before radicle protrusion, in meristematic stem cells, and in flooded roots, AOX can be involved in the production of NO from nitrite. Whereas the first reports considered this role as indirect, more evidence has since accumulated that AOX can act as a nitrite:NO reductase. Such activity of the structurally similar di-iron proteins in bacteria has been demonstrated. We review the literature on this topic and show that AOX can be induced under hypoxic conditions and participate in NO turnover via the phytoglobin–NO cycle. This results in the facilitation of glycolytic reactions by reoxidation of the glycolytically formed NADH and diverting the glycolytic carbon toward the formation of alanine and other amino acids. Pyruvate formed in glycolysis can activate AOX and facilitate its operation under these conditions. It is concluded that AOX is an important player in the hypoxic response in plants that regulates the redox level by participating in NO turnover as a nitrite:NO reductase in cooperation with nitrate reductase and phytoglobin.
Circulating short-chain and branched short-chain fatty acids and the risk of incident type 2 diabetes: findings from the 4C Study
Authors: Wang Shuangyuan , Lin Hong , Jia Xiaojing , Lin Yiting , Hu Chunyan , Li Mian , Xu Yu , Xu Min , Zheng Jie , Zhao Xinjie , Li Yanli , Chen Lulu , Zeng Tianshu , Hu Ruying , Ye Zhen , Shi Lixin , Su Qing , Chen Yuhong , Yu Xuefeng , Yan Li , Wang Tiange , Zhao Zhiyun , Qin Guijun , Wan Qin , Chen Gang , Dai Meng , Zhang Di , Qiu Bihan , Zhu Xiaoyan , Liu Ruixin , Wang Xiao , Tang Xulei , Gao Zhengnan , Shen Feixia , Gu Xuejiang , Luo Zuojie , Qin Yingfen , Chen Li , Hou Xinguo , Huo Yanan , Li Qiang , Wang Guixia , Zhang Yinfei , Liu Chao , Wang Youmin , Wu Shengli , Yang Tao , Deng Huacong , Zhao Jiajun , Mu Yiming , Xu Guowang , Lai Shenghan , Li Donghui , Ning Guang , Wang Weiqing , Bi Yufang , Lu Jieli ,   4C Study Group
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Previous studies suggested that fecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and branched short-chain fatty acids (BCFAs) are associated with glucose regulation. However, the potential relationship between circulating SCFAs and BCFAs with incident diabetes risk in both men and women remains unidentified in prospective cohort studies. In this study, we examined a panel of nine serum SCFAs and BCFAs in 3,414 subjects with incident diabetes, and matched normoglycemic controls from the China Cardiometabolic Disease and Cancer Cohort (4C) study. In fully adjusted conditional logistic regression models, total SCFAs, total BCFAs, and isovaleric acid were significantly associated with incident type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) (P&lt;0.05). Interestingly, gender-specific analysis showed that per standard deviation (SD) increment of SCFAs were positively associated with incident T2DM among women, with the odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence interval [CI]) of 1.16 (1.05−1.29) for total SCFAs and 1.18 ( 1.07−1.31) for propionate, respectively (P &lt; 0.05, false discovery rate (FDR) &lt; 0.05). No significant associations were observed in men. A significant interaction was detected between men and women for propionate (Pinteraction &lt; 0.001, FDR &lt; 0.01). After further adjustment of insulin measures, the associations of serum propionate with diabetes remained significant (P &lt; 0.05, FDR &lt; 0.05). Meanwhile, the associations of total BCFAs and isovaleric acid with diabetes were partially mediated by triglycerides, insulin resistance, and β-cell function in mediation analysis. These findings, for the first time in a large prospective cohort, provide evidence for an association between circulating SCFAs and BCFAs with T2DM risk, and support the potential role of circulating propionate with gender disparities in the early pathogenesis of diabetes.
A multiband study of pulsar glitches with Fermi-LAT and Parkes
Authors: Liu P , Yuan J -P , Ge M -Y , Ye W -T , Zhou S -Q , Dang S -J , Zhou Z -R , Gügercinoğlu E , Tu Z -H , Wang P , Li A , Li D , Wang N 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT
Pulsar glitch is a phenomenon characterized by abrupt changes in the spin period over less than a minute. We present a comprehensive analysis of glitches in four gamma-ray pulsars by combining the timing observation data from Fermi-Large Area Telescope (Fermi-LAT) and Parkes 64 m radio telescope. The timing data of five pulsars, namely PSRs J1028–5819, J1420–6048, J1509–5850, J1709–4429 (B1706–44), and J1718–3825, are examined over 14 yr of observations for each. A total of 12 glitches are identified in four pulsars, including a previously unreported glitch. That is, a new small glitch is identified for PSR J1718–3825 in MJD $\sim$ 59121(8), with a fractional glitch size of $\Delta \nu /\nu \sim 1.9(2) \times 10^{-9}$. For PSR J1420–6048, our investigation confirms the presence of two linear recovery terms during the evolution of $\dot{\nu }$ following glitches 4, 6, and 8. Moreover, an exponential recovery process was identified after glitch 8, with a recovery fraction (Q) of $Q = 0.0131(5)$ and a corresponding time-scale of $\tau _{\rm d} = 100(6)$ d. Regarding the fourth glitch of PSR J1709–4429, our analysis reveals the presence of two exponential recovery terms with degree of recovery and decay time-scales Q1 = 0.0104(5), $\tau _{\rm d1}=72(4)$ d, and Q2 = 0.006(1), $\tau _{\rm d2}=4.2(6)$ d, respectively. For the remaining previously reported glitches, we also refine the glitch epochs and recovery process through precise fitting of the timing data. We discuss how multiband data of glitches can help better characterize the glitch recoveries and constrain the underlying physics of glitch events. Our findings demonstrate that the accumulation of observational data reveals the rich complexity of the glitch phenomenon, aiding in the search for a well-established interpretation.
Database of Martian dust optical properties in the UV-vis-NIR
Authors: Martikainen Julia , Muñoz Olga , Gómez Martín Juan Carlos , Passas Varo María , Jardiel Teresa , Peiteado Marco , Willame Yannick , Neary Lori , Becker Tim , Wurm Gerhard 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT
The experimental data base of scattering matrices of three well-characterized Martian dust analogues with narrow particle size distributions representative of Martian dust aerosols is used to check the the suitability of hexahedra model particles to reproduce the scattering behaviour of realistic polydisperse irregular particles at 488 and 640 nm. In general, the hexahedra model performs well. The scattering matrix elements as functions of the scattering angle can be reproduced with good accuracy for particle size distributions that contain small particles; however, the discrepancies increase with increasing particle size due to wavelength-scale surface roughness and internal structure found within large dust grains that are not accounted for by the smooth hexahedra model particles. We further perform sensitivity tests to study the effect of absorption, real part of the complex refractive index, and particle size distribution within the model to understand their contribution to the modelled scattering matrix elements. By using the best-fitting parameters from the sensitivity study, we have created a data base of optical properties that includes bulk extinction efficiencies, single-scattering albedos, asymmetry factors, extinction cross-sections, and phase matrices of the analogue samples from 200 to 2000 nm. The obtained values can be further used in radiative-transfer simulations. This work emphasizes the importance of accounting for the full scattering matrix as information on particle shape, size, and complex refractive index is lost when omitting polarization.
Eccentric planet–disc interactions: orbital migration and eccentricity evolution
Authors: Fairbairn Callum W , Rafikov Roman R 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT
Gravitational coupling between a protoplanetary disc and an embedded eccentric planet is an important, long-standing problem, which has been not yet been conclusively explored. Here, we study the torque and associated orbital evolution of an eccentric planet in a 2D disc via the semi-analytical, fully global linear approach. Our methodology has the advantage that the spatial structure of the density waves launched by the planet is solved for fully. This allows us to account for the possibility of torque excitation over an extended radial interval for each Fourier harmonic of the perturbation, as opposed to earlier approximate treatments localized around Lindblad and corotation resonances. We systematically explore the torque behaviour across the space of disc properties (assuming power-law profiles for the disc surface density and temperature), including the aspect ratio. Crucially, we examine the torque variation as the orbital eccentricity becomes supersonic relative to the gas motion (when planetary eccentricity is of order the disc aspect ratio), finding that the torque robustly reverses its sign near this transition. We also find that for shallow surface density gradients planetary migration may become outwards beyond this transition, although the rapid eccentricity damping (which is typically $\sim 10^2$ times faster than the orbital migration rate) would quickly restore inwards migration as the planet circularizes. Our self-consistently computed torques are in qualitative agreement with past numerical studies of eccentric planet–disc coupling. We provide our torque data for different disc parameters to the community for future testing and implementation in population synthesis studies.
Effect of gas accretion on α-element bimodality in Milky Way-mass galaxies in the FIRE-2 simulations
Authors: Parul Hanna , Bailin Jeremy , Loebman Sarah R , Wetzel Andrew , Barry Megan , Bhattarai Binod 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT
We analyse the stellar distributions on the [Fe/H]–[Mg/Fe] plane for 11 Milky Way-mass galaxies from the FIRE-2 cosmological baryonic zoom-in simulations. Alpha-element bimodality, in the form of two separate sequences on the [Fe/H]–[Mg/Fe] plane, is not a universal feature of disc galaxies. Five galaxies demonstrate double sequences with the $\alpha$-enriched one being older and kinematically hotter, in qualitative agreement with the high-$\alpha$ and low-$\alpha$ populations in the Milky Way disc; three galaxies have unimodal distribution, two show weakly bimodal features where low-$\alpha$ sequence is visible only over a short range of metallicities, and one show strong bimodality with a different slope of high-$\alpha$ population. We examine the galaxies’ gas accretion history over the last 8 Gyr, when bimodal sequences emerge, and demonstrate that the presence of the low-$\alpha$ sequence in the bimodal galaxies is related to the recent infall of metal-poor gas from the circumgalactic medium that joins the galaxy in the outskirts and induces significant growth of the gas discs compared to their non-bimodal counterparts. We also analyse the sources of the accreted gas and illustrate that both gas-rich mergers and smooth accretion of ambient gas can be the source of the accreted gas, and create slightly different bimodal patterns.
Mining the time axis with TRON – I. Millisecond pulsars in Omega Centauri, Terzan 5, and 47 Tucanae detected through MeerKAT interferometric imaging
Authors: Smirnov O M , Heywood I , Geyer M , Myburgh T , Tasse C , Kenyon J S , Perkins S  J , Dawson J , Bester H L , Bright J S , Ngcebetsha B , Oozeer N , Samboco V  G  G , Sihlangu I , Choza C , Siemion A P V 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT
Medium-time-scale (minutes to hours) radio transients are a relatively unexplored population. The wide field-of-view and high instantaneous sensitivity of instruments such as MeerKAT provides an opportunity to probe this class of sources, using image-plane detection techniques. We aim to systematically mine archival synthesis imaging data in order to search for medium-time-scale transients and variables that are not detected by conventional long-track image synthesis techniques. We deploy a prototype blind transient and variable search pipeline named Transient Radio Observations for Newbies. This processes calibrated visibility data, constructs high-time cadence images, performs a search for variability on multiple time-scales, and extracts light curves for detected sources. As proof of concept, we apply it to three MeerKAT observations of globular clusters, known to host transient or variable sources. We detect a previously known eclipsing MSP suspected to be a ‘black widow’ system, in the globular cluster Omega Centauri, with a light curve confirming the eclipsing nature of the emission. We detect a previously known ‘red back’ eclipsing MSP in the globular cluster Terzan 5. Using observations of the globular cluster 47 Tucanae, we detect two known millisecond pulsars (MSPs), and one previously reported MSP candidate, with hints of eclipsing behaviour.
Biomolecular condensation of human IDRs initiates endogenous transcription via intrachromosomal looping or high-density promoter localization
Authors: Li Jing , Liu Shizhe , Kim Sunghwan , Goell Jacob , Drum Zachary Allen , Flores John Patrick , Ma Alex J , Mahata Barun , Escobar Mario , Raterink Alex , Ahn Jeong Hyun , Terán Erik R , Guerra-Resendez Rosa Selenia , Zhou Yuhao , Yu Bo , Diehl Michael R , Wang Gang Greg , Gustavsson Anna-Karin , Phanstiel Douglas H , Hilton Isaac B 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Protein intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) are critical gene-regulatory components and aberrant fusions between IDRs and DNA-binding/chromatin-associating domains cause diverse human cancers. Despite this importance, how IDRs influence gene expression, and how aberrant IDR fusion proteins provoke oncogenesis, remains incompletely understood. Here we develop a series of synthetic dCas9-IDR fusions to establish that locus-specific recruitment of IDRs can be sufficient to stimulate endogenous gene expression. Using dCas9 fused to the paradigmatic leukemogenic NUP98 IDR, we also demonstrate that IDRs can activate transcription via localized biomolecular condensation and in a manner that is dependent upon overall IDR concentration, local binding density, and amino acid composition. To better clarify the oncogenic role of IDRs, we construct clinically observed NUP98 IDR fusions and show that, while generally non-overlapping, oncogenic NUP98-IDR fusions convergently drive a core leukemogenic gene expression program in donor-derived human hematopoietic stem cells. Interestingly, we find that this leukemic program arises through differing mechanistic routes based upon IDR fusion partner; either distributed intragenic binding and intrachromosomal looping, or dense binding at promoters. Altogether, our studies clarify the gene-regulatory roles of IDRs and, for the NUP98 IDR, connect this capacity to pathological cellular programs, creating potential opportunities for generalized and mechanistically tailored therapies.
A novel, dominant disease mechanism of distal renal tubular acidosis with specific variants in ATP6V1B1
Authors: Daenen Myrte , Hureaux Marguerite , Ashton Emma , Becherucci Francesca , Barry Ian , Benz Marcus , Bjerre Anna , Buckton Andrew , Caswell Richard , Duff-Farrier Celia , Hayward Samantha , Mcallister Joseph , Moczulska Anna , Palazzo Viviana , Platt Caroline , Prajapati Hitesh , Saleem Moin , Schlingmann Karl-Peter , Telma Francisco , Zaniew Marcin , Emma Francesco , Bockenhauer Detlef 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background and hypothesis
ATP6V1B1 encodes a subunit of the vacuolar H+-ATPase and pathogenic variants are associated with autosomal recessive distal renal tubular acidosis (dRTA) with deafness. Heterozygous variants predicted to affect a specific amino acid, Arg394, have been recurrently reported in dRTA but their significance has been unclear. We hypothesised that these variants are associated with a dominant disease mechanism.

Methods
Retrospective analysis of cases identified in our genetic laboratories and through European nephrology organisations. Data regarding demographics, clinical presentation, laboratory findings, hearing and imaging studies of kidneys were collected from the index patient and, if available, from other family members. The potential disease mechanism was investigated through structural modelling in silico.

Results
Twenty index patients in total were included, of which 19 carried the variant c.1181G&gt;A; p.(Arg394Gln) and one c.1180C&gt;G; p.(Arg394Gly). In 7 families, more than one member was affected and the variant segregated with the disease in those with available information (15 affected, 6 unaffected), except for the unaffected mother of 2 affected children, who was mosaic. In no patient was a second causative variant in trans identified. In 8 sporadic patients and 1 affected parent, the variant was confirmed to be de novo. Both variants are absent in gnomAD. Sensorineural hearing loss was reported in 8 of the 22 patients with available information. Structural modelling supports a crucial role for Arg394 in nucleotide binding.

Conclusion
We provide strong evidence for the pathogenicity of heterozygous variants affecting Arg394 and thus a novel inheritance modus for ATP6V1B1-associated dRTA. Clinically, this form differs from the recessive one by the lower prevalence of hearing loss. The prominent position of Arg394 in the nucleotide binding fold of the H+-ATPase structure is consistent with a dominant negative mechanism. Our findings inform the diagnosis and management of patients with dRTA and variants of Arg394.
Simultaneous enhancement of efficiency, stability and stretchability in binary polymer solar cells with a three-dimensional aromatic-core tethered tetrameric acceptor
Authors: Bai Yang , Li Saimeng , Wang Qingyuan , Chen Qi , Zhang Ze , Meng Shixin , Zang Yu , Fu Hongyuan , Xue Lingwei , Ye Long , Zhang Zhi-Guo 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT
Polymer solar cells (PSCs) leverage blend films from polymer donors and small-molecule acceptors (SMAs), offering promising opportunities for flexible power sources. However, the inherent rigidity and crystalline nature of SMAs often embrittle the polymer donor films in the constructed bulk heterojunction structure. To address this challenge, we improved the stretchability of the blend films by designing and synthesizing a tethered giant tetrameric acceptor (GTA) with increased molecular weight that promotes entanglement of individual SMA units. The key to this design is using tetraphenylmethane as the linking core to create a three-dimensional and high C2 symmetry structure, which successfully regulates their aggregation and relaxation behavior. With GTA as the acceptor, its blend films with polymer donor PM6 exhibit significantly improved stretchability, with nearly a 150% increase in crack onset strain value compared to PM6:Y6. Moreover, the PSCs achieve an increased efficiency of up to 18.71% and demonstrate outstanding photostability, maintaining &gt;90% of their initial power conversion efficiency after operating for over 1000 hours. Our findings demonstrate that by specifically designing three-dimensional tethered SMAs and aligning their molecular weights more closely with those of polymer counterparts, we can achieve enhanced stretchability without compromising morphological stability or device efficiency.