bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pathological characteristics of lung tumors in Sri Lanka 2017–2021
Authors: Mathangasinghe Yasith , Wijayawardhana Sameera , Perera Udeshika , Punchihewa Ramani , Pradeep Saman 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe prevalence of lung cancer is steadily increasing globally, and it is projected to become the second most prevalent cancer in men by 2030. Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer‐related deaths worldwide, accounting for approximately 3.61% of total fatalities. Despite its significant impact, many Asian countries, including Sri Lanka, lack precise data on the epidemiological patterns of lung tumors. This study pioneers a comprehensive exploration in Sri Lanka, delving into the demographic and clinicopathological characteristics of lung cancer patients. The study included 733 consecutive patients with lung tumors from 2017 to 2021, with a median age of 59 years. The most common site of tumors was the right lower lobe and left upper lobes. Adenocarcinoma was the most prevalent histopathological type of primary malignant lung tumors, while colorectal adenocarcinomas were the most common cause of metastatic deposits in the lungs. The most common benign tumor was hamartoma. Significantly, our findings unveiled associations between patient demographics and tumor types, underscoring the importance of factoring in age and gender in diagnostic assessments. Notably, the absence of a dedicated lung cancer screening program in Sri Lanka underscores the critical reliance on clinical suspicion and accurate diagnostic methods.
Successful treatment of xanthoma disseminatum with pulsed dye laser: A case report
Authors: Jung Jin Woong , Kim Joon‐Goon , Alwabel Albaraa Abdullatif A. , Jung Yeon Woo , Chung Kee‐Yang 
Published: January 2024

AbstractXanthoma disseminatum is a rare form of non‐Langerhans cell histiocytosis with limited treatment options due to its unknown aetiology and diffuse skin lesions. This case report presents the successful treatment of a 31‐year‐old male with severe pan‐facial xanthoma disseminatum lesions following a facial burn and traumatic brain injury resulting from a car accident. After 5 sessions of monthly pulsed dye laser treatment, there was a clinically significant reduction in the lesions. Over the course of 3 years, the patient underwent a series of monthly pulsed dye laser treatments, and the lesions were almost cleared. These findings suggest that pulsed dye laser therapy may offer an effective treatment option for managing xanthoma disseminatum. This is the first report on use of the pulsed dye laser for treatment of xanthoma disseminatum.
Shoulder dystocia by severity in families: A nationwide population study
Authors: Rasmussen Svein , Ebbing Cathrine , Baghestan Elham , Linde Lorentz Erland 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIntroductionPrevious studies have established a history of shoulder dystocia as an important risk factor for shoulder dystocia, but studies on shoulder dystocia by severity are scarce. It is unknown if shoulder dystocia tends to be passed on between generations. We aimed to assess the recurrence risk of shoulder dystocia by severity in the same woman and between generations on both the maternal and paternal side. We also assessed the likelihood of a second delivery and planned cesarean section after shoulder dystocia.Material and methodsThis was a population‐based cohort study, using data from the Medical Birth Registry of Norway. To study recurrence in the same mother, we identified 1 091 067 pairs of first and second, second and third, and third and fourth births in the same mother. To study intergenerational recurrence, we identified an individual both as a newborn and as a mother or father in 824 323 mother‐offspring pairs and 614 663 father‐offspring pairs. We used Bayesian log‐binomial multilevel regression to calculate relative risks (RR) with 95% credible intervals.ResultsIn subsequent deliveries in the same woman the unadjusted RR of recurrence was 7.05 (95% credible interval 6.39–7.79) and 2.99 (2.71–3.31) after adjusting for possible confounders, including current birthweight. The RRs were higher with severe shoulder dystocia as exposure or outcome. With severe shoulder dystocia as both exposure and outcome, unadjusted and adjusted RR was 20.42 (14.25–29.26) and 6.29 (4.41–8.99), respectively. Women with severe and mild shoulder dystocia and those without had subsequent delivery rates of 71.1, 68.9 and 69.0%, respectively. However, the rates of planned cesarean section in subsequent deliveries for those without shoulder dystocia, mild and severe were 1.3, 5.2 and 16.0%, respectively. On the maternal side the unadjusted inter‐generational RR of recurrence was 2.82 (2.25–3.54) and 1.41 (1.05–1.90) on the paternal side. Corresponding adjusted RRs were 1.90 (1.51–2.40) and 1.19 (0.88–1.61), respectively.ConclusionsWe found a strong recurrence risk of shoulder dystocia, especially severe, in subsequent deliveries in the same woman. The inter‐generational recurrence risk was higher on the maternal than paternal side. Women with a history of shoulder dystocia had more often planned cesarean section.
Leaf litter weevil richness increases with elevation in a tropical–temperate transitional forest in El Cielo Biosphere Reserve, northeastern Mexico
Authors: Villaseñor‐Amador Damián , Janda Milan , Rosas‐Mejía Madai , Sandoval‐Becerra Fatima Magdalena , Morrone Juan J. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWe studied communities of leaf litter weevils along a 2000 m elevation gradient in El Cielo Biosphere Reserve, northeastern Mexico, an area where Nearctic and Neotropical biotas overlap. After achieving high inventory completeness (0.922 site sample coverage), we encountered 81 weevil morphospecies, of which 55 were known to be leaf litter specialists. The diversity of leaf litter weevils increased with elevation. Beta diversity across the elevational gradient was mostly explained by species turnover rather than nestedness. The interaction between forest structure (measured as median DBH of trees) and precipitation seasonality explained more than 20% of the variation in weevil species richness: weevil richness showed a negative relationship with tree DBH and was positively associated with low climate seasonality variation, characteristics of tropical montane cloud forests. In contrast with insect taxa such as ants and dung beetles, which attain their highest richness at lower elevations, leaf litter weevil richness peaked at 1600 m. These results suggest that most litter weevil species are highly associated with a particular elevation range and the overall pattern of richness increasing with elevation is probably the result of an association of many weevil species with tropical montane cloud forest habitats, which occur close to the top of the mountain.Abstract in Spanish is available with online material.
Synthesis and anti‐inflammatory activity of novel firocoxib analogues with balanced COX inhibition
Authors: Xu Junde , Tang Keshuang , Ju Zhiran 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe adverse effects caused by nonselective and selective cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) inhibitors remain a challenge for current anti‐inflammatory medications. A balanced inhibition of COX‐1/−2 represents a promising strategy for the development of novel COX‐2 inhibitors. In this study, we present the design and synthesis of a novel series of firocoxib analogues incorporating an amide bond to facilitate essential hydrogen bonding with amino residues in COX‐2. The synthesized analogs were evaluated for their inhibitory activity against both COX‐1 and COX‐2 enzymes. Among them, compound 9d demonstrated potent and balanced inhibition. Inhibition of COX enzymes by 9d in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐stimulated murine RAW264.7 macrophages resulted in the suppression of the NF‐κB signaling pathway to reduced expression of pro‐inflammatory factors such as inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), COX‐2, nitric oxide (NO), and reactive oxygen species (ROS). The remarkable in vitro anti‐inflammatory activity exhibited by 9d positions it as a promising candidate for further development as a novel lead compound for inflammation treatment.
Mechanism analysis of Buyang Huanwu decoction in treating atherosclerosis based on network pharmacology and in vitro experiments
Authors: Wang Jing , Li Jiajun , Hu Min 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAtherosclerosis (AS) is one of the main risk factors of ischemic cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Buyang Huanwu decoction (BYHWT) is a classic Chinese medicine prescription that is used for treating AS. However, the underlying pharmacological mechanism remains unclear. This study aims to clarify the molecular mechanism of BYHWT in treatment of AS through network pharmacology and in vitro experiments. Molecular structure information and targets of core components of BYHWT were obtained from PubChem and UniProtKB databases. Genes involved in AS were obtained from DisGeNet, GeneCards and OMIM databases. The core targets of BYHWT in AS treatment were identified by protein–protein interaction (PPI) network analysis with STRING platform, and analyzed by gene ontology (GO) analysis and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomics (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis. Molecular docking was used to verify the binding affinity between the core targets and the bioactive ingredients. HUVEC viability, inflammatory response and mRNA expression levels of core target genes were evaluated by cell counting kit 8 assay, enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and qRT‐PCR. A total of 60 candidate compounds and 325 predicted target genes were screened. PPI network analysis suggested that TP53, SRC, STAT3, and AKT1 may be the core targets. BYHWT in AS treatment was associated with 46 signaling pathways. GA120, baicalein, and 3,9‐di‐o‐methylnissolin had good binding affinity with core target proteins. Baicalein treatment could significantly promoted the viability and repress the inflammatory response of HUVEC cells stimulated by ox‐LDL. In addition, Baicalein can regulate the expression of core targets including AKT1, MAPK1, PIK3CA, JUN, TP53, SRC, EGFR, and ESR1. In conclusion, BYHWT and its main bioactive component baicalein, inhibit inflammatory response and modulate multiple downstream genes of endothelial cells, and show good potential to block the progression of AS and cardiovascular/cerebrovascular diseases.
Triptolide restrains the growth, invasion, stemness, and glycolysis of non‐small cell lung cancer cells by PFKFB2‐mediated PI3K/AKT pathway
Authors: Ren Jiankun , Zhao Songwei , Lai Junyu 
Published: January 2024

AbstractTriptolide (TP) has been found to have anti‐tumor effects. However, more potential molecular mechanisms of TP in the progression of non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) deserve further investigation. Cell proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, and stemness were detected by cell counting kit 8 assay, EdU assay, flow cytometry, transwell assay, and sphere formation assay. Cell glycolysis was evaluated by corresponding assay kits. 6‐phosphofructo‐2‐kinase/fructose‐2,6‐biphosphatase 2 (PFKFB2) expression was measured by western blot (WB), qRT‐PCR and immunohistochemical staining. PI3K/AKT pathway‐related markers were determined by WB. Besides, xenograft tumor model was conducted to evaluate the anti‐tumor effect of TP in NSCLC. Our results revealed that TP treatment suppressed NSCLC cell proliferation, invasion, stemness, glycolysis, and enhanced apoptosis. PFKFB2 was upregulated in NSCLC tissues and cells, and its expression was decreased by TP. PFKFB2 knockdown restrained NSCLC cell functions, and its overexpression also eliminated TP‐mediated NSCLC cell functions inhibition. TP decreased PFKFB2 expression to inactivate PI3K/AKT pathway. Moreover, PI3K/AKT pathway inhibitor LY294002 also could reverse the promoting effect of PFKFB2 on NSCLC cell functions. In addition, TP suppressed NSCLC tumorigenesis by inhibiting PFKFB2/PI3K/AKT pathway. In conclusion, TP exerted anti‐tumor role in NSCLC, which was achieved by reducing PFKFB2 expression to inactivate PI3K/AKT pathway.
Illuminating the landscape of sibling relationship quality: An evidence and gap map
Authors: Holmes Megan R. , Bender Anna E. , O'Donnell Kari A. , Miller Emily K. , Conard Ivan T. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis paper used an evidence and gap map (EGM) to advance the scientific understanding of sibling relationship quality among children aged 2 to 18 years by synthesizing literature on 277 empirical studies from 1985 to 2022 to delineate patterns of study design, sampling, and measurement. Most existing research has utilized majority of White, middle‐to‐upper class, and/or two‐caregiver family samples. Nearly 85% (n = 235) of studies used quantitative methods to measure sibling relationship quality across eight domains: conflict, warmth/affection, quality, cohesion, hostility, power/control, positive engagement, and conflict management. A total of 122 studies used a measure of sibling relationship quality as a predictor of sibling behavior, social, psychological, cognitive, health, or physiological outcomes. Future directions for research are discussed.
Behavioural evidence for enhanced olfactory and trigeminal perception in congenital hearing loss
Authors: Landry Catherine , Nazar Rim , Simon Marie , Genest François , Giguère Fanny Lécuyer , Lepore Franco , Frasnelli Johannes 
Published: January 2024

AbstractSensory deprivation, especially hearing loss (HL), offers a valuable model for studying neuroplasticity in the human brain and adaptive behaviours that support the daily lives of those with limited or absent sensory input. The study of olfactory function is particularly important as it is an understudied aspect of sensory deprivation. This study aimed to compare the effects of congenital HL on olfactory capacity by using psychophysical tasks. Methodological concerns from previous studies regarding the onset of HL and cognitive assessments were addressed. We recruited 11 individuals with severe‐to‐profound sensorineural HL (SNHL) since birth and 11 age‐ and sex‐matched typical hearing non‐signers. We used standardized neuropsychological tests to assess typical cognition among participants with SNHL. We evaluated olfactory functions by assessing olfactory detection threshold, odour discrimination and odour identification. Hearing‐impaired participants outperformed their typical hearing counterparts in olfactory tasks. We further evaluated the accuracy and response time in identifying and localizing odours to disentangle olfactory sensitivity from trigeminal system sensitivity. Participants with SNHL demonstrated higher sensitivity to both the identification and localization tasks. These findings suggest that congenital SNHL is associated with enhanced higher‐level olfactory processing and increased trigeminal sensitivity.
Individual differences in the evaluation of ambiguous visual and auditory threat‐related expressions
Authors: Whitehead Jocelyne C. , Spiousas Ignacio , Armony Jorge L. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis study investigated the neural correlates of the judgement of auditory and visual ambiguous threat‐related information, and the influence of state anxiety on this process. Healthy subjects were scanned using a fast, high‐resolution functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) multiband sequence while they performed a two‐alternative forced‐choice emotion judgement task on faces and vocal utterances conveying explicit anger or fear, as well as ambiguous ones. Critically, the latter was specific to each subject, obtained through a morphing procedure and selected prior to scanning following a perceptual decision‐making task. Behavioural results confirmed a greater task‐difficulty for subject‐specific ambiguous stimuli and also revealed a judgement bias for visual fear, and, to a lesser extent, for auditory anger. Imaging results showed increased activity in regions of the salience and frontoparietal control networks (FPCNs) and deactivation in areas of the default mode network for ambiguous, relative to explicit, expressions. In contrast, the right amygdala (AMG) responded more strongly to explicit stimuli. Interestingly, its response to the same ambiguous stimulus depended on the subjective judgement of the expression. Finally, we found that behavioural and neural differences between ambiguous and explicit expressions decreased as a function of state anxiety scores. Taken together, our results show that behavioural and brain responses to emotional expressions are determined not only by emotional clarity but also modality and the subjects' subjective perception of the emotion expressed, and that some of these responses are modulated by state anxiety levels.
Misconceptions of the marine biological carbon pump in a changing climate: Thinking outside the “export” box
Authors: Frenger Ivy , Landolfi Angela , Kvale Karin , Somes Christopher J. , Oschlies Andreas , Yao Wanxuan , Koeve Wolfgang 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe marine biological carbon pump (BCP) stores carbon in the ocean interior, isolating it from exchange with the atmosphere and thereby coregulating atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2). As the BCP commonly is equated with the flux of organic material to the ocean interior, termed “export flux,” a change in export flux is perceived to directly impact atmospheric CO2, and thus climate. Here, we recap how this perception contrasts with current understanding of the BCP, emphasizing the lack of a direct relationship between global export flux and atmospheric CO2. We argue for the use of the storage of carbon of biological origin in the ocean interior as a diagnostic that directly relates to atmospheric CO2, as a way forward to quantify the changes in the BCP in a changing climate. The diagnostic is conveniently applicable to both climate model data and increasingly available observational data. It can explain a seemingly paradoxical response under anthropogenic climate change: Despite a decrease in export flux, the BCP intensifies due to a longer reemergence time of biogenically stored carbon back to the ocean surface and thereby provides a negative feedback to increasing atmospheric CO2. This feedback is notably small compared with anthropogenic CO2 emissions and other carbon‐climate feedbacks. In this Opinion paper, we advocate for a comprehensive view of the BCP's impact on atmospheric CO2, providing a prerequisite for assessing the effectiveness of marine CO2 removal approaches that target marine biology.
Re‐thinking policy and (multi‐level) governance failure: What went wrong and why in the reception of Ukrainian refugees in Italy?
Authors: Bassoli Matteo , Campomori Francesca 
Published: January 2024

AbstractFollowing the outbreak of the war in Ukraine and the arrival of 170,000 refugees, the already fragile Italian refugee system was forced to undergo major re‐structuring and expansion. Re‐organisation included the adoption of partially new multi‐level governance relationships, as well as political instruments. Despite the widespread positive attitude of public opinion toward the Ukrainian refugees and the bipartisan support for their reception, the outcome of the policy has been not in line with the goals the proponents set out to achieve. In fact, there have been delays, poor assistance to those who have offered to host, and, in the end, a partial waste of the economic and human resources which were devoted to the reception itself. The purpose of this article is to investigate the origin and development of the “vices” of this process, departing from the interpretive lens on policy and governance failure. Our findings consolidate the theoretical challenge to the reductive binary rhetoric on success and failure, and the classic view of failure confined to formulation and implementation. In addition, the article shows that multi‐level governance dynamics are strongly relevant in explaining the “vices” of policies, particularly highlighting the role, until now largely disregarded, of the latent conflicts between the actors involved. The study has benefited from 38 semi‐structured interviews with political actors, including third‐party organisations and public actors, the analysis of political documents, and local and national media.
Mass migration governance and openness toward refugees: Comparing Germany and Turkey
Authors: Erden Yigit , Ozcurumez Saime 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis study seeks answers to the question: ‘Under what conditions do communities with migration experience in refugee‐receiving states become more open toward accepting more refugees and why?’. The research seeks answers to this question by examining the attitudes of individuals (N = 37) from Turkey who have been living in Germany for at least a year and who have sufficient familiarity with the characteristics of governance of mass migration in both countries. The findings suggest that the respondents are more pessimistic about the consequences of Turkey accepting more refugees in the future, while they are optimistic about the outcomes of the arrival of more refugees in Germany. This study posits that receiving communities' perceptions about the host state's regulatory and institutional capacity in managing mass migration and integration of refugees shape their attitudes toward the possibility of the influx of more refugees over time. The findings indicate that efficient mass migration governance in a receiving state is identified through four characteristics: (i) admission of educated refugees, (ii) proper refugee registration procedures, (iii) systematic integration processes, and (iv) effective monitoring and law enforcement mechanisms. The study concludes that local communities view public authorities as the key actors in managing the consequences of mass migration and establishing and sustaining good mass migration governance at the receiving state level is likely to facilitate positive attitudes towards accepting more refugees.