bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Barriers to the effective management of bipolar disorder: a survey of psychiatrists based in the UK and USA
Authors: Roy Chengappa KN , Williams Paul 
Published: March 2005

Objective:  To identify and prioritize barriers, challenges, and unmet needs in the management of patients with bipolar disorder, as perceived by their psychiatrists.Methods:  A total of 500 US‐ or UK‐based psychiatrists were surveyed by telephone using a validated, semi‐structured questionnaire. Both preidentified and participant‐elicited barriers, challenges and unmet needs were ranked on a 0–6 point scale in four phases of management: I, entry into care; II, the manic/hypomanic phase; III, the depressive phase; and IV, the long‐term/maintenance phase.Results:  Education and support for patients and families as well as earlier referral to specialist care were the highest ranked needs at entry into care. During treatment of acute episodes and long‐term management the highest ranked needs were for treatments with improved effectiveness and patient adherence, in addition to improved long‐term safety in the maintenance phase. Patients with comorbid alcohol and/or substance use disorders, followed by patients with a rapid‐cycling disease course, were rated as having the highest level of unmet need. Similarities were predominantly seen between the overall pattern of responses from UK‐ and US‐based psychiatrists.Conclusions:  The highest priority items across the spectrum of treatment related to the need for clinically effective therapeutic agents with broad efficacy and favorable tolerability. At the time of initial diagnosis, patient education, family support, and earlier referral to specialist care were the highest priority needs.
PSYCHOSOCIAL FACTORS IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE: Adherence with Dialysis: A Focus on Mortality Risk
Authors: Leggat John E. 
Published: March 2005

ABSTRACTNoncompliance in the dialysis patient is a frustrating issue for nephrologists and dialysis staff. Given the multidimensional nature of end‐stage renal disease therapy, there are several potential definitions of noncompliance. This review identifies some of these definitions. These range from objective, such as skipping dialysis or serum phosphate concentration, to subjective, such as staff assessment. This article then reviews mortality risk based on several of these behaviors. Some, but not all of the behaviors are associated with an increased mortality risk. One measure of noncompliance, in fact, identifies patients at decreased mortality risk. The review concludes with caveats about interpreting noncompliant behavior and with a suggestion for a change in our language regarding compliance.
PSYCHOSOCIAL FACTORS IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE: Sleepiness, Sleeplessness, and Pain in End‐Stage Renal Disease: Distressing Symptoms for Patients
Authors: Shayamsunder Archana K. , Patel Samir S. , Jain Vivek , Peterson Rolf A. , Kimmel Paul L. 
Published: March 2005

ABSTRACTSymptoms are increasingly recognized as problematic for patients with end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) treated with dialysis. Sleep disorders are common in ESRD patients treated with dialysis and are associated with patients’ perceptions of quality of life, assessed by diverse measures, as well as depressive affect. Sleep disorders appear to be equally prevalent in peritoneal dialysis (PD) and hemodialysis (HD) patients. Treatment for sleep disorders in dialysis patients depends on establishing the diagnosis, often in a sleep laboratory, using polysomnography. Reversing coexistent medical and psychological disorders is important. The sleep apnea syndrome (SAS) can be treated with continuous positive airway pressure in dialysis patients, but conventional hemodialytic techniques have little effect on its severity. In contrast, nocturnal HD and transplantation appear to have important beneficial effects on sleep disordered breathing in ESRD patients. Although pain has been appreciated as a problem for ESRD patients for more than 20 years, few studies exist on this subject. Pain appears to be an underappreciated problem for ESRD patients. More research must be performed on the problem of pain in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD).
Predictors for Successful Angioplasty of Chronic Totally Occluded Coronary Arteries
Authors: DONG SHAOHONG , SMORGICK YOSI , NAHIR MENACHEM , LOTAN CHAIM , MOSSERI MORRIS , NASSAR HISHAM , GOTSMAN MERVYN S. , HASIN YONATHAN 
Published: March 2005

Aims: Reevaluation of clinical and angiographic predictors for percutaneous recanalization of coronary chronic total occlusion (CTO) using current techniques with conventional PTCA wires and balloons.
Methods and Results: We studied 253 consecutive patients with 283 lesions who underwent attempted PTCA of CTO (mean time since occlusion 33 months, range 3–150 month). Immediate procedural success rate was 84.8% (95% CI = 80.3%–88.6%). Multiple clinical and angiographic characteristics were evaluated as possible predictors of success/failure. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that a tapered morphology (P < 0.001, OR = 6.1; 95% CI = 2.1–18.2), ≤45 degree of angulations of the target artery (P < 0.03, OR = 4.5; 95% CI = 1.2–17.2), length of occlusion <15 mm (P < 0.001, OR = 3.4; 95% CI = 1.6–7.0), and the presence of multiple lesions in the target artery (P < 0.03, OR = 2.2; 95% CI = 1.1–4.4) were statistically significant independent predictors of procedural success. According to absence or presence of the various identified determinants of outcome, predicted procedural success rates varied between 26 and 98%.
Conclusions: Although the probability of immediate procedural success with percutaneous recanalization of coronary CTO using conventional PTCA is now high, a number of characteristics of the occlusive lesion represent significant modulators of success or failure. These factors should be utilized in the process of patients or lesions selection.
THE ANALYSIS OF THE STOCHASTICALLY FORCED PERIODIC ATTRACTORS FOR CHUA'S CIRCUIT
Authors: YU. RYAGIN MIKHAIL , RYASHKO LEV B. 
Published: March 2005

This report shows the results of sensitivity analysis for Chua's circuit periodic attractors under small disturbances. Sensitivity analysis is based on the quasipotential method. Quasipotential's first approximation in the neighborhood of the limit cycle is defined by the matrix of orbital quadratic form, named stochastic sensitivity function (SSF). SSF is defined for the points of the nonperturbed limit cycle and can be computed using the numerical algorithm. Stochastic sensitivity of the limit cycles for the Chua's circuit period doubling cascade is investigated. The growth of the stochastic sensitivity under transition to chaos is shown.
PATIENT PERCEPTIONS OF THE QUALITY OF HEALTH SERVICES
Authors: Sofaer Shoshanna , Firminger Kirsten 
Published: March 2005

▪ Abstract  As calls are made for a more patient-centered health care system, it becomes critical to define and measure patient perceptions of health care quality and to understand more fully what drives those perceptions. This chapter identifies conceptual and methodological issues that make this task difficult, including the confusion between patient perceptions and patient satisfaction and the difficulty of determining whether systematic variations in patient perceptions should be attributed to differences in expectations or actual experiences. We propose a conceptual model to help unravel these knotty issues; review qualitative studies that report directly from patients on how they define quality; provide an overview of how health plans, hospitals, physicians, and health care in general are currently viewed by patients; assess whether and how patient health status and demographic characteristics relate to perceptions of health care quality; and identify where further, or more appropriately designed, research is needed. Our aim is to find out what patients want, need and experience in health care, not what professionals (however well-motivated) believe they need or get. Through the Patient's Eyes ( 23 )
Carotid intimal-media thickness as a surrogate for cardiovascular disease events in trials of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors
Authors: Espeland Mark A , O'Leary Daniel H , Terry James G , Morgan Timothy , Evans Greg , Mudra Harald 
Published: March 2005

Abstract

Background
Surrogate measures for cardiovascular disease events have the potential to increase greatly the efficiency of clinical trials. A leading candidate for such a surrogate is the progression of intima-media thickness (IMT) of the carotid artery; much experience has been gained with this endpoint in trials of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins).

Methods and Results
We examine two separate systems of criteria that have been proposed to define surrogate endpoints, based on clinical and statistical arguments. We use published results and a formal meta-analysis to evaluate whether progression of carotid IMT meets these criteria for HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins).
IMT meets clinical-based criteria to serve as a surrogate endpoint for cardiovascular events in statin trials, based on relative efficiency, linkage to endpoints, and congruency of effects. Results from a meta-analysis and post-trial follow-up from a single published study suggest that IMT meets established statistical criteria by accounting for intervention effects in regression models.

Conclusion
Carotid IMT progression meets accepted definitions of a surrogate for cardiovascular disease endpoints in statin trials. This does not, however, establish that it may serve universally as a surrogate marker in trials of other agents.
Ca2+ regulation in the absence of the iplA gene product in Dictyostelium discoideum
Authors: Schaloske Ralph H , Lusche Daniel F , Bezares-Roder Karen , Happle Kathrin , Malchow Dieter , Schlatterer Christina 
Published: March 2005

Abstract
Background
Stimulation of Dictyostelium discoideum with cAMP evokes an elevation of the cytosolic free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i). The [Ca2+]i-change is composed of liberation of stored Ca2+ and extracellular Ca2+-entry. The significance of the [Ca2+]i-transient for chemotaxis is under debate. Abolition of chemotactic orientation and migration by Ca2+-buffers in the cytosol indicates that a [Ca2+]i-increase is required for chemotaxis. Yet, the iplA- mutant disrupted in a gene bearing similarity to IP3-receptors of higher eukaryotes aggregates despite the absence of a cAMP-induced [Ca2+]i-transient which favours the view that [Ca2+]i-changes are insignificant for chemotaxis.

Results
We investigated Ca2+-fluxes and the effect of their disturbance on chemotaxis and development of iplA- cells. Differentiation was altered as compared to wild type amoebae and sensitive towards manipulation of the level of stored Ca2+. Chemotaxis was impaired when [Ca2+]i-transients were suppressed by the presence of a Ca2+-chelator in the cytosol of the cells. Analysis of ion fluxes revealed that capacitative Ca2+-entry was fully operative in the mutant. In suspensions of intact and permeabilized cells cAMP elicited extracellular Ca2+-influx and liberation of stored Ca2+, respectively, yet to a lesser extent than in wild type. In suspensions of partially purified storage vesicles ATP-induced Ca2+-uptake and Ca2+-release activated by fatty acids or Ca2+-ATPase inhibitors were similar to wild type. Mn2+-quenching of fura2 fluorescence allows to study Ca2+-influx indirectly and revealed that the responsiveness of mutant cells was shifted to higher concentrations: roughly 100 times more Mn2+ was necessary to observe agonist-induced Mn2+-influx. cAMP evoked a [Ca2+]i-elevation when stores were strongly loaded with Ca2+, again with a similar shift in sensitivity in the mutant. In addition, basal [Ca2+]i was significantly lower in iplA- than in wild type amoebae.

Conclusion
These results support the view that [Ca2+]i-transients are essential for chemotaxis and differentiation. Moreover, capacitative and agonist-activated ion fluxes are regulated by separate pathways that are mediated either by two types of channels in the plasma membrane or by distinct mechanisms coupling Ca2+-release from stores to Ca2+-entry in Dictyostelium. The iplA- strain retains the capacitative Ca2+-entry pathway and an impaired agonist-activated pathway that operates with reduced efficiency or at higher ionic pressure.
Delta activity independent of its activity as a ligand of Notch
Authors: Mok Lee-Peng , Qin Tielin , Bardot Boris , LeComte Matthew , Homayouni Asal , Ahimou Francois , Wesley Cedric 
Published: March 2005

Abstract
Background
Delta, Notch, and Scabrous often function together to make different cell types and refine tissue patterns during Drosophila development. Delta is known as the ligand that triggers Notch receptor activity. Scabrous is known to bind Notch and promote Notch activity in response to Delta. It is not known if Scabrous binds Delta or Delta has activity other than its activity as a ligand of Notch. It is very difficult to clearly determine this binding or activity in vivo as all Notch, Delta, and Scabrous activities are required simultaneously or successively in an inter-dependent manner.

Results
Using Drosophila cultured cells we show that the full length Delta promotes accumulation of Daughterless protein, fringe RNA, and pangolin RNA in the absence of Scabrous or Notch. Scabrous binds Delta and suppresses this activity even though it increases the level of the Delta intracellular domain. We also show that Scabrous can promote Notch receptor activity, in the absence of Delta.

Conclusion
Delta has activity that is independent of its activity as a ligand of Notch. Scabrous suppresses this Delta activity. Scabrous also promotes Notch activity that is dependent on Delta's ligand activity. Thus, Notch, Delta, and Scabrous might function in complex combinatorial or mutually exclusive interactions during development. The data reported here will be of significant help in understanding these interactions in vivo.
Isolation by distance, web service
Authors: Jensen Jeffrey L , Bohonak Andrew J , Kelley Scott T 
Published: March 2005

Abstract
Background
The population genetic pattern known as "isolation by distance" results from spatially limited gene flow and is a commonly observed phenomenon in natural populations. However, few software programs exist for estimating the degree of isolation by distance among populations, and they tend not to be user-friendly.

Results
We have created Isolation by Distance Web Service (IBDWS) a user-friendly web interface for determining patterns of isolation by distance. Using this site, population geneticists can perform a variety of powerful statistical tests including Mantel tests, Reduced Major Axis (RMA) regression analysis, as well as calculate F
ST
between all pairs of populations and perform basic summary statistics (e.g., heterozygosity). All statistical results, including publication-quality scatter plots in Postscript format, are returned rapidly to the user and can be easily downloaded.

Conclusion
IBDWS population genetics analysis software is hosted at http://phage.sdsu.edu/~jensen/ and documentation is available at http://www.bio.sdsu.edu/pub/andy/IBD.html. The source code has been made available on Source Forge at http://sourceforge.net/projects/ibdws/.
Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modelling of the cardiovascular effects of drugs – method development and application to magnesium in sheep
Authors: Upton Richard N , Ludbrook Guy L 
Published: March 2005

Abstract
Background
There have been few reports of pharmacokinetic models that have been linked to models of the cardiovascular system. Such models could predict the cardiovascular effects of a drug under a variety of circumstances. Limiting factors may be the lack of a suitably simple cardiovascular model, the difficulty in managing extensive cardiovascular data sets, and the lack of physiologically based pharmacokinetic models that can account for blood flow changes that may be caused by a drug. An approach for addressing these limitations is proposed, and illustrated using data on the cardiovascular effects of magnesium given intravenously to sheep.
The cardiovascular model was based on compartments for venous and arterial blood. Blood flowed from arterial to venous compartments via a passive flow through a systemic vascular resistance. Blood flowed from venous to arterial via a pump (the heart-lung system), the pumping rate was governed by the venous pressure (Frank-Starling mechanism). Heart rate was controlled via the difference between arterial blood pressure and a set point (Baroreceptor control). Constraints were made to pressure-volume relationships, pressure-stroke volume relationships, and physical limits were imposed to produce plausible cardiac function curves and baseline cardiovascular variables. "Cardiovascular radar plots" were developed for concisely displaying the cardiovascular status. A recirculatory kinetic model of magnesium was developed that could account for the large changes in cardiac output caused by this drug. Arterial concentrations predicted by the kinetic model were linked to the systemic vascular resistance and venous compliance terms of the cardiovascular model. The kinetic-dynamic model based on a training data set (30 mmol over 2 min) was used to predict the results for a separate validation data set (30 mmol over 5 min).

Results
The kinetic-dynamic model was able to describe the training data set. A recirculatory kinetic model was a good description of the acute kinetics of magnesium in sheep. The volume of distribution of magnesium in the lungs was 0.89 L, and in the body was 4.02 L. A permeability term (0.59 L min-1) described the distribution of magnesium into a deeper (probably intracellular) compartment. The final kinetic-dynamic model was able to predict the validation data set. The mean prediction error for the arterial magnesium concentrations, cardiac output and mean arterial blood pressure for the validation data set were 0.02, 3.0 and 6.1%, respectively.

Conclusion
The combination of a recirculatory model and a simple two-compartment cardiovascular model was able to describe and predict the kinetics and cardiovascular effects of magnesium in sheep.
Role of Oocyte-Secreted Growth Differentiation Factor 9 in the Regulation of Mouse Cumulus Expansion
Authors: Dragovic Rebecca A. , Ritter Lesley J. , Schulz Samantha J. , Amato Fred , Armstrong David T. , Gilchrist Robert B. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractOocyte-secreted factors are required for expansion of the mouse cumulus-oocyte complex, which is necessary for ovulation. Oocyte-secreted growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF9) signals through the bone morphogenetic protein receptor II and is currently the primary candidate molecule for the cumulus-expansion enabling factor. This study was conducted to determine whether GDF9 is the mouse cumulus-expansion enabling factor. Cumulus-oocyte complexes were collected from mice, and the oocyte was microsurgically removed to generate an oocytectomized (OOX) complex. OOX complexes treated with FSH alone or recombinant mouse GDF9 alone failed to expand, whereas expansion was induced in the presence of FSH by GDF9, TGFβ1, or coculture with oocytes. A specific GDF9-neutralizing antibody, mAb-GDF9–53, neutralized the expansion of OOX complexes in response to GDF9 but not the expansion of OOX complexes cocultured with oocytes. Using real-time RT-PCR, hyaluronan synthase 2 (HAS2) mRNA expression by OOXs was up-regulated 4- to 6-fold by oocytes and GDF9. Monoclonal neutralizing antibody-GDF9–53 attenuated GDF9-induced OOX HAS2 expression but not oocyte-induced HAS2 expression. A TGFβ antagonist neutralized TGFβ-induced, but not oocyte-induced, expansion of OOX complexes, and when combined with monoclonal neutralizing antibody-GDF9–53 also failed to neutralize oocyte-induced expansion. Furthermore, a soluble portion of the bone morphogenetic protein receptor II extracellular domain, which is a known GDF9 antagonist, completely antagonized GDF9-induced expansion but only partially neutralized oocyte-induced expansion. This study provides further evidence that like TGFβ, GDF9 can enable FSH-induced cumulus expansion, but more importantly, demonstrates that neither GDF9 nor TGFβ alone, nor the two in unison, account for the critical oocyte-secreted factors regulating mouse cumulus expansion.
Crystal Structures of Two Molecular Complexes between Cationic Surfactants and Hydroquinone Showing a Melanogenesis Inhibitory Effect
Authors: Iimura Nahoko , Fujimura Yuko , Sekine Akiko , Kitagawa Shuji , Ohashi Yuji 
Published: March 2005

Abstract
Hydroquinone, showing a melanogenesis inhibitory effect, formed crystalline molecular complexes with two cationic surfactants of benzyl(hexadecyl)dimethylammonium chloride and ethyl(hexadecyl)dimethylammonium bromide from an methanol solution at low temperatures, lower than 15 °C. The crystal structures were analyzed by X-rays at 223 K. There are two crystallographically independent hydroquinone molecules and one surfactant molecule in each crystal. One of the hydroquinone molecules is sandwiched by the surfactant molecules and makes a “common packing pattern,” which has been observed in complex crystals between aromatic compounds and surfactant molecules. Another hydroquinone occupies an inversion center surrounded by the benzyldimethylammonium or ethyldimethylammonium moiety of the surfactant molecule. Such a close packing makes hydroquinone in the molecular complex stable in open air at room temperature.
Dynamics of the Hydration of Amino Alcohols and Diamines in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Okouchi Shoichi , Tsuchida Kazushi , Yoshida Satoshi , Ishihara Yoshimasa , Ikeda Shigeo , Uedaira Hisashi 
Published: March 2005

Abstract
The 17O NMR spin–lattice relaxation times (T1) of solvent water molecules in aqueous solutions of amino alcohols (AA), charged amino alcohols (AA+), and charged diamines (DA2+) were determined as a function of concentration at 298 K. The values of the dynamic hydration number, nDHN = nh(τch/τc0−1), were determined from the concentration dependence of T1. The ratios (τch/τc0) of the rotational correlation times (τch) of the water molecules around each solute molecule in the aqueous solutions to that of pure water (τc0) were obtained from the nDHN and the hydration number (nh), which was calculated from the water accessible surface area (ASA) of the solute molecule. The hydrophobic hydration is disturbed by the adjacent polar groups. The effect of disturbance decreases in the following order: NH3+ &gt; OH &gt; NH2. The ASA dependence of the τch/τc0 value for diamines (DA), AA, and diols decreases in the following order: DA &gt; AA &gt; diols. When DA and AA are in a charged state, this order is reversed, namely, diols &gt; AA+ &gt; DA2+. The thermodynamic quantities of hydration for AA and AA+ are linearly dependent on their nDHN values.