bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing hybrid vigour using the thermal sensitivity of physiological trade‐offs in tiger salamanders
Authors: Burger Isabella J. , Carter Evin T. , Magner Lexie M. , Muñoz Martha M. , Sears Michael W. , Fitzpatrick Benjamin M. , Riddell Eric A. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Hybridization between species affects biodiversity and population sustainability in numerous ways, many of which depend on the fitness of the hybrid relative to the parental species. Hybrids can exhibit fitter phenotypes compared to the parental lineages, and this ‘hybrid vigour’ can then lead to the extinction of one or both parental lines.

In this study, we analysed the relationship between water loss and gas exchange to compare physiological performance among three tiger salamander genotypes—the native California tiger salamander (CTS), the invasive barred tiger salamanders (BTS) and CTS × BTS hybrids across multiple temperatures (13.5°C, 20.5°C and 23.5°C). We developed a new index of performance, the water‐gas exchange ratio (WGER), which we define as the ratio of gas exchange to evaporative water loss (μL VO2/μL H2O). The ratio describes the ability of an organism to support energetically costly activities with high levels of gas exchange while simultaneously limiting water loss to lower desiccation risk. We used flow through respirometry to measure the thermal sensitivity of metabolic rate and resistance to water loss of each salamander genotype to compare indices of physiological performance.

We found that temperature had a significant effect on metabolic rate and resistance to water loss, with both traits increasing as temperatures warmed. Across genotypes, we found that hybrids have a higher WGER than the native CTS, owing to a higher metabolic rate despite having a lower resistance to water loss.

These results provide a greater insight into the physiological mechanisms driving hybrid vigour and offer a potential explanation for the rapid spread of salamander hybrids. More broadly, our introduction of the WGER may allow for species‐ or lineage‐wide comparisons of physiological performance across changing environmental conditions, highlighting the insight that can be gleaned from multitrait analysis of organism performance.

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Sensitivity study of the critical angle in elastic orthorhombic media
Authors: Xu Shibo , Stovas Alexey 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe critical angle plays a crucial role in data processing for refraction seismology. In the context of three‐dimensional data, the critical angle exhibits azimuthal dependence, particularly in the presence of an anisotropic model. In this paper, we propose a method to determine the critical angle (phase angle) and analyse the sensitivity of the critical angle to the model parameters and the available azimuthal range for both transversely isotropic medium with a vertical symmetry axis and orthorhombic models. For more complex orthorhombic models, the critical angle can be computed while considering changes in azimuth. In a numerical example, we apply sensitivity analysis to examine the existence of the critical angle and determine its corresponding values to variations in model parameters and the azimuthal range. Additionally, we conduct computations of the critical angle for the simplified acoustic and elliptical orthorhombic models. This analysis can be extended to encompass all model parameters for different wave modes (pure and converted waves), and they provide generalized predictions for the available range of data in seismic data processing applications.
Effect of selection genotype on immune response toBrucella abortus RB51in Holstein cattle
Authors: Sarlo Davila Kaitlyn M. , Boggiatto Paola , Olsen Steven , Lippolis John D. , Crooker Brian A. , Putz Ellie J. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractGenetic selection for milk production traits in US Holsteins has affected numerous genes associated with reproduction and immunity. This study compares the transcriptomic response of peripheral blood mononuclear cells to an in vitroBrucella abortusstrain RB51 (RB51) bacterial challenge between contemporary Holsteins and Holsteins that have not been selected for milk production traits since the mid‐1960s. Total RNA was extracted from peripheral blood mononuclear cells from four contemporary and four unselected lactating, primiparous cows following 24‐h incubation with or without stimulation with RB51 bacteria. RNA was sequenced and reads analyzed using tools fromgalaxy.scinet.usda.gov. A total of 412 differentially expressed genes (false discovery ratep < 0.05, log fold change > |1|) were identified. The upregulated genes (genes with higher expression in contemporary than unselected cattle) were enriched for 19 terms/pathways, including alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism, indicating a cellular stress response. Downregulated genes (genes with higher expression in unselected than contemporary cows) were enriched for 37 terms/pathways, representing diverse immune responses, including natural killer cell‐mediated immunity, interferon‐γ production, negative regulation of interleukin‐10 production, and cytokine receptor activity indicating a broad immune response with an emphasis on immune defense. These results provide evidence that differences exist between the two genotypes in response to in vitro bacterial challenge. This suggests that contemporary cows, genetically selected for milk production, may have reduced immune function, including limitations in response to intracellular bacteria.
Time trends in preeclampsia and gestational diabetes in Denmark and Alberta, Canada, 2005–2018—A population‐based cohort study
Authors: Lihme Frederikke , Savu Ana , Basit Saima , Sia Winnie , Yeung Rose , Barrett Olesya , Luoma Leiah , Ngwezi Deliwe P. , Davidge Sandra , Norris Colleen M. , Ospina Maria B. , Cooke Christy‐Lynn , Greiner Russ , Wohlfahrt Jan , Melbye Mads , Lykke Jacob , Kaul Padma , Boyd Heather A. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIntroductionPreeclampsia and gestational diabetes mellitus share risk factors such as obesity and increased maternal age, which have become more prevalent in recent decades. We examined changes in the prevalence of preeclampsia and gestational diabetes between 2005 and 2018 in Denmark and Alberta, Canada, and investigated whether the observed trends can be explained by changes in maternal age, parity, multiple pregnancy, comorbidity, and body mass index (BMI) over time.Material and methodsThis study was a register‐based cohort study conducted using data from the Danish National Health Registers and the provincial health registers of Alberta, Canada. We included in the study cohort all pregnancies in 2005–2018 resulting in live‐born infants and used binomial regression to estimate mean annual increases in the prevalence of preeclampsia and gestational diabetes in the two populations across the study period, adjusted for maternal characteristics.ResultsThe study cohorts included 846 127 (Denmark) and 706 728 (Alberta) pregnancies. The prevalence of preeclampsia increased over the study period in Denmark (2.5% to 2.9%) and Alberta (1.7% to 2.5%), with mean annual increases of 0.03 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.02–0.04) and 0.06 (95% CI 0.05–0.07) percentage points, respectively. The prevalence of gestational diabetes also increased in Denmark (1.9% to 4.6%) and Alberta (3.9% to 9.2%), with average annual increases of 0.20 (95% CI 0.19–0.21) and 0.44 (95% CI 0.42–0.45) percentage points. Changes in the distributions of maternal age and BMI contributed to increases in the prevalence of both conditions but could not explain them entirely.ConclusionsThe prevalence of both preeclampsia and gestational diabetes increased significantly from 2005 to 2018, which portends future increases in chronic disease rates among affected women. Increasing demand for long‐term follow up and care will amplify the existing pressure on healthcare systems.
Kernel extreme learning with harmonized bat algorithm for prediction of pyrene toxicity in rats
Authors: Su Hang , Zhao Dong , Heidari Ali Asghar , Cai Zhennao , Chen Huiling , Zhu Jiayin 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are organic pollutants and manufactured substances conferring toxicity to human health. The present study investigated whether pyrene, a type of PAH, harms rats. Our research provides an effective feature selection strategy for the animal dataset from Wenzhou Medical University's Experimental Animal Center to thoroughly examine the impacts of PAH toxicity on rat features. Initially, we devised a high‐performance optimization method (SCBA) and added the Sobol sequence, vertical crossover and horizontal crossover mechanisms to the bat algorithm (BA). The SCBA‐KELM model, which combines SCBA with the kernel extreme learning machine model (KELM), has excellent accuracy and high stability for selecting features. Benchmark function tests are then used in this research to verify the overall optimization performance of SCBA. In this paper, the feature selection performance of SCBA‐KELM is verified using various comparative experiments. According to the results, the features of the genes PXR, CAR, CYP2B1/2 and CYP1A1/2 have the most impact on rats. The SCBA‐KELM model's classification performance for the gene dataset was 100%, and the model's precision value for the public dataset was around 96%, as determined by the classification index. In conclusion, the model utilized in this research is anticipated to be a reliable and valuable approach for toxicological classification and assessment.
Cerebral palsy registers around the world: A survey
Authors: Goldsmith Shona , Smithers‐Sheedy Hayley , Almasri Nihad , Andersen Guro L. , Diviney Leanne , Gincota Ecaterina Bufteac , Himmelmann Kate , Jahan Israt , Waight Emma , McIntyre Sarah 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAimTo provide a description of cerebral palsy (CP) registers globally, identify which aim to report on CP epidemiology, and report similarities and differences across topics of importance for the sustainability and collaboration between registers.MethodRepresentatives of all known CP registers globally (n = 57) were invited to participate. The online survey included 68 questions across aims, methodologies, output/impact, and stakeholder involvement. Responses were analysed using descriptive statistics.ResultsForty‐five registers participated, including three register networks. Twenty were newly established or under development, including 12 in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs). An epidemiological aim was reported by 91% of registers. Funding is received by 85% of registers, most often from not‐for‐profit organizations. CP definitions are comparable across registers. While the minimum data set of a register network is used by most registers, only 25% of identified items are collected by all three register networks. Ninety per cent of registers measure research activities/output, and 64% measure research impact. People with lived experience are involved in 62% of registers.InterpretationThere has been a recent surge in CP registers globally, particularly in LMICs, which will improve understanding of CP epidemiology. Ongoing efforts to address identified methodological differences are essential to validate comparison of results and support register collaboration.What this paper adds

Cerebral palsy (CP) registers represent an increasing number of regions, including low‐ and middle‐income, worldwide.
Most registers collect the minimum data set of a CP register network.
Research activities/output and impact are measured by most registers.
The majority of registers involve people with lived experience in operation or research.
‘YourTube’ the role of different diets in gastrostomy‐fed children: Baseline findings from a prospective cohort study
Authors: Fraser Lorna K. , Bedendo Andre , O'neill Mark , Taylor Johanna , Hackett Julia , Horridge Karen , Cade Janet , Richardson Gerry , Phung Han , Mccarter Alison , Hewitt Catherine 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAimTo assess the risks, benefits, and resource implications of home‐blended food for children with gastrostomy tubes compared with a formula diet.MethodThis prospective cohort study of children (aged 0–18 years) collected baseline data on gastrointestinal symptoms, nutritional intake, anthropometric outcomes, parent and child quality of life, and resource use. A propensity score‐weighted generalized linear mixed model was used to compare children receiving a home‐blended versus formula diet.ResultsBaseline data were obtained for 180 children (2019–2021; 107 males, 73 females; mean age 9 years 7 months [SD  4 years 5 months]). Children receiving a home‐blended diet (n  = 104) had similar diagnoses and age but more lived in areas of lower deprivation and parental education was higher compared to the parents of children receiving a formula diet (n  = 76). Children receiving home‐blended diets had significantly better gastrointestinal scores than those receiving formula diets (B  = 13.8, p  < 0.001). The number of gut infections and tube blockages were similar between the two groups but with fewer stoma site infections in the group receiving home‐blended food. Children receiving a home‐blended diet had more fibre in their diet compared to children receiving a formula diet.InterpretationHome‐blended diets should be seen as a safe option for children who are gastrostomy‐fed unless clinically contraindicated. Equality of access to home‐blended diets for children with gastrostomy should be assessed by local clinical teams.What this paper adds

Children with gastrostomy receiving a home‐blended diet had fewer gastrointestinal symptoms compared to children receiving a formula diet.
Children with gastrostomy receiving a home‐blended diet had no more complications than children receiving a formula diet.
Beinaglutide for weight management in Chinese individuals with overweight or obesity: A phase 3 randomized controlled clinical study
Authors: Chen Kang , Chen Li , Shan Zhongyan , Wang Guixia , Qu Shen , Qin Guijun , Yu Xuefeng , Xin Weiquan , Hsieh Tsung‐han , Mu Yiming 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAimTo investigate the efficacy and safety of beinaglutide as an adjunct to lifestyle intervention among non‐diabetic Chinese individuals with overweight or obesity.MethodsThis multicentre, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial (ChiCTR1900023428) included 427 Chinese adults with a body mass index of 28 kg/m2 or higher (obesity) or 24‐27.9 kg/m2 (overweight) with weight‐related complications. Patients were randomized in a 2:1 ratio to receive 0.2 mg of beinaglutide (subcutaneous) thrice daily or placebo for 16 weeks. Co‐primary endpoints were body weight change and the proportion of patients with a weight reduction of 5% or more.ResultsMean body weight change from baseline to week 16 was −6.0% and −2.4% in the beinaglutide (n = 282) and placebo (n = 138) groups, respectively; the mixed model repeated measures difference was −3.6% (95% confidence interval: −4.6% to −2.6%; P < .0001). At week 16, more beinaglutide‐treated patients achieved a weight reduction of 5% or more (58.2% vs. 25.4% [placebo], odds ratio: 4.4; P < .0001) and of 10% or more (21.3% vs. 5.1% [placebo], odds ratio: 5.5; P < .0001). Beinaglutide also resulted in greater waist circumference reduction (difference: −1.81 cm; P < .01). The weight regain rate 12 weeks after beinaglutide treatment was 0.78%. Nausea (transient and mild‐to‐moderate) was the most common adverse event in the beinaglutide group (49.3% vs. 7.1% [placebo]). More patients receiving beinaglutide discontinued treatment because of adverse events (5.9% vs. 0.7% [placebo]). Pancreatitis or an increased resting heart rate was not observed in the beinaglutide group.ConclusionBeinaglutide combined with lifestyle intervention resulted in significant and clinically meaningful weight reduction with good tolerance in non‐diabetic Chinese individuals with overweight or obesity.
Development of advanced digital ecosystems at universities: A study comparing experiences from Ukraine, Poland and Slovakia
Authors: Morze Nataliia , Smyrnova‐Trybulska Eugenia , Drlík Martin , Buinytska Oksana 
Published: November 2023

AbstractDuring the war, a significant number of Ukrainian universities were tragically destroyed, while others were relocated. The challenging wartime circumstances in which universities operate in Ukraine have increased the use of distance education. University management and academic staff agree that the quality of services offered hinges on the establishment of comprehensive open electronic student campuses. These online campuses will deliver educational content, but also innovative pedagogical technologies for fostering competency development. This can be used for competency development in the use of gamification techniques, promoting entrepreneurship and start‐ups, implementing project methodologies, leveraging research and cognitive technologies, as well as using digital tools for communication and collaboration, and employing formative assessment strategies. The objective of the study on which this article reports was to determine the university ecosystem model most amenable for providing high quality digital education. We describe and analyse current digital education ecosystem models and examine their implementation at three universities: (1) Borys Grinchenko Kyiv University (BGKU), Ukraine; (2) University of Silesia (US), Poland; and (3) Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra (UKF), Slovakia. Both strengths and limitations of online campuses are outlined. Our analysis supports the development of key performance indicators to assess the development of university digital education ecosystems and establish the necessary and sufficient conditions for implementation. Insights gained from organising education in remote learning conditions in wartime Ukraine are valuable also for educators in other countries.
Valproate use associated with frontal and cerebellar gray matter volume reductions: A voxel‐based morphometry study
Authors: Shin Ji Hye , Song Min Ji , Kim Ji Hyun 
Published: November 2023

AbstractRecent morphometric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies suggested the possibility that valproate (VPA) use is associated with parieto‐occipital cortical thinning in patients with heterogeneous epilepsy syndromes. In this study, we examined the effect of VPA on the brain volume using a large number of homogenous patients with idiopathic generalized epilepsy. Voxel‐based morphometry was used to compare regional gray matter (GM) volume between 112 patients currently taking VPA (VPA+ group), 81 patients not currently taking VPA (VPA– group), and 120 healthy subjects (control group). The VPA+ group showed a significant GM volume reduction in the bilateral cerebellum, hippocampus, insula, caudate nucleus, medial frontal cortex/anterior cingulate cortex, primary motor/premotor cortex, medial occipital cortex, and anteromedial thalamus, as compared to the control group. The VPA– group showed a significant GM volume reduction in the anteromedial thalamus and right hippocampus/temporal cortex, as compared to the control group. Compared to the VPA– group, the VPA+ group had a significant GM volume reduction in the bilateral cerebellum, primary motor/premotor cortex, and medial frontal cortex/anterior cingulate cortex. We have provided evidence that VPA use could result in GM volume reductions in the frontal cortex and cerebellum. Our findings should be acknowledged as a potential confounding factor in morphometric MRI studies that include subjects taking VPA.
PaaS platform security enhancement using fuzzy based access control and trust based signature
Authors: Pathakamuri Srinivasulu , Reddy B. V. Ramana , Kumar A. P. Siva 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPlatform‐as‐a‐Service (PaaS) is one of the cloud computing services which will be offered to the clients through the virtualization platform. The problem is constructed in the PaaS platform effectively excluding internet service suppliers which do not meet highly secure standards, and so security issues can be a significant a hurdle to online computation. To address the aforementioned issues, the suggested method primarily concentrated proceeding the safety of PaaS infrastructure by using a novel fuzzy based access control technique, in which the information source is realized by using CDO security feature. To further enhance the security, security using trust based signature has been used in which the class and packet filter for each specified authorization were mapped to our class by modifying the security feature code. This public key will be utilized for authenticate that transaction relevant signature if the identity provider (IdP) has provided public safety data about this same two major components represents this little token on whose trusted trademark components are built put, that is, the entire item or even the claims contained. The suggested technique outperforms other current methods in terms of several performance parameters, with a high throughput of 14, CPU utilization of 12.5, and a low execution time of 5.2 s. The proposed ‘PaaS platform security enhancement with the use of fuzzy and trust‐based signatures’ provides high throughput and low execution time. This research work proposes a novel approach to enhancing the security of PaaS infrastructure, which is offered to clients through the virtualization platform in cloud computing. The current problem with PaaS is that it excludes internet service providers that do not meet high‐security standards, which poses a significant challenge to online computation. The suggested approach focuses on improving the safety of the PaaS platform by employing a fuzzy‐based access control technique, using the connectionless data objects security feature as the information source. To further strengthen security, the approach utilizes a trust‐based signature technique where the class and packet filter for each authorization are mapped to the class of the proposed method by modifying the security feature code. The proposed public key is then used to authenticate the transaction relevant signature, provided the IdP has given public safety data about these two components of the token on which Trusted Trademark components are built, that is, the entire item or even the claims contained within it. The proposed approach outperforms current methods in terms of several performance parameters, such as a high throughput of 14, a high CPU utilization of 12.5, and a low execution time of 5.2 s. In summary, the proposed PaaS platform security enhancement using fuzzy and trust‐based signatures provides an effective way to achieve high throughput and low execution time while ensuring platform security.