bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predicting the miniaturization limit of vertical organic field effect transistor (VOFET) with perforated graphene as a source electrode
Authors: Shukla Gaurav , Bisht Ramesh Singh , Kumar Pramod 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Vertical organic field effect transistors (VOFETs) are of paramount importance due to their fast switching speed, low power consumption, and higher density on a chip compared to lateral OFETs. The low charge carrier mobility in organic semiconductors and longer channel lengths in lateral OFETs lead to higher operating voltages. The channel length in VOFETs can be less than 100 nm which reduces the size of the channel and hence the operating voltages. Another important factor in the operation of VOFETs is the thickness and width of the source electrode. The channel length, source electrode thickness and width sets the miniaturization limit of the VOFETs. The graphene monolayer can be exploited as a source electrode due to its thinness, high carrier mobility, and metallic behaviors. However, for better gate modulation, perforations in the source material are desired. Here, we simulate the VOFET having perforated graphene monolayer as a source electrode and n-type organic semiconductor N, N′-dioctyl-3,4,9,10-perylenedicarboximide (PTCDI-C8) as an active channel material, while aluminum as a drain electrode to predict the best-miniaturized device. The miniaturization limit of such a VOFET has a limit to the gate opening/perforation in which the minimum source width is 10 nm, as in the sub 10 nm range graphene starts behaving like a semiconductor. The subthreshold swing, deduced from the drain current (J
D) versus gate voltage (V
G) graph, advocates the limit of the organic semiconductor height/channel length to 50 nm, while 50 nm for the gate.
Enhanced hydrogen production via urea electrolysis over Ni-NiO electrodeposited on Ti mesh
Authors: Wang Yajing , Zhu Minjie , Xie Taiping , Liu Songli , Wang Jiankang 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The sluggish kinetics of anodic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is regarded as the main bottleneck for ineffective hydrogen production efficiency, limiting the industrial application of electrochemical water splitting. Substituting the OER by urea electrooxidation reaction (UOR) and simultaneously developing highly active and economical bifunctional electrocatalyst for UOR and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is a promising method to realize energy-saving hydrogen production and urea-rich wastewater abatement. Herein, self-supporting Ni-NiO film grown on Ti mesh (Ni-NiO/TM) was successfully prepared by a facile cathodic electrodeposition method with using nickel acetate as the only raw material. Electrodeposition process was optimized by modulating the electrodeposition time and potential. x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Raman characterization revealed the optimized Ni-NiO/TM was comprised of crystalline Ni and amorphous NiO and its morphology exhibited nanosphere structure, assembled by nanosheets. Ni-NiO/TM sample prepared under the potential of −1.5 V and deposition time of 10 min illustrated the lowest UOR potential of 1.34 V at 50 mA cm−2 and robust stability, superior to the recently reported literatures. Furthermore, the HER potential was only −0.235 V to drive the current density of 50 mA cm−2. The cell voltage of urea-assisted electrolysis for hydrogen production in Ni-NiO/TM||Ni-NiO/TM two-electrode system only required 1.56 V to deliver 50 mA cm−2, obviously lower than that (>1.72 V) for overall water splitting. This work demonstrated the potential of Ni-based material as bifunctional electrocatalyst for energy-saving H2 production by urea-rich wastewater electrolysis.
Tunable Mie resonance in complex-shaped gadolinium niobate
Authors: Sedova Anastasiya , Bermudez David , Tellez-Cruz Miriam M , Falcony Ciro 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Nanoscale particles described by Mie resonance in the UV–vis–NIR region are in high demand for optical applications. Controlling the shape and size of these particles is essential, as it results in the ability to control the wavelength of the Mie resonance peak. In this work, we study the extensive scattering properties of gadolinium niobate particles with complex bar- and cube-like shapes in the UV–vis–NIR region. We perform our experimental analysis by characterizing the morphology and extinction spectra, and our theoretical study by implementing a Mie scattering model for a distribution of spherical particles. We can accurately model the size distribution and extinction spectra of complex shaped particles and isolate the contribution of aggregates to the extinction spectra. We can separate the contributions of dipoles, quadrupoles, and octupoles to the Mie resonances for their respective electric and magnetic parts. Our results show that we can tune the broad Mie resonance peak in the extinction spectra by the nanoscale properties of our system. This behavior can aid in the design of lasing and luminescence-enhanced systems. These dielectric gadolinium niobate submicron particles are excellent candidates for light manipulation on the nanoscale.
3D printed auxetic stents with re-entrant and chiral topologies
Authors: Alomarah Amer , Al-Ibraheemi Zahraa A , Ruan Dong 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The mechanical performance of the medical stent is crucial and of key significance to the dependability and reliability of the stent-plaque-artery system. In this study, an auxetic stent, namely, re-entrant chiral auxetic (RCA) is proposed. Two types of stent (RCA-X and RCA-Y) are proposed. The RCA stents are designed through a periodic distribution of two dimensional (2D) RCA cells along both the circumferential and axial directions. A set of polyimide specimens were 3d printed using Multi-Jet Fusion process. The compressive properties of the 3d printed stents were experimentally examined, while the tensile properties were numerically investigated. Results showed that the RCA-X stent revealed a remarkable radial expansion (i.e. auxetic features) of approximately 50% while the RCA-Y stent showed radial expansion of 16.7%. Despite the auxetic features of the compressed stents, asymmetric deformation patterns were resulted in the case of the RCA-X while uniform patterns were resulted in the case of the RCA-Y. The FE models were further employed to examined the effects of number of unit cells along the circumferential direction on the auxetic features. The auxetic features of the developed stents could be controlled by adjusting the geometric parameters of the RCA’s cell and number of cells along the circumferential direction. The promising properties of the RCA stents might sheds the light on the design auxetic stents for practical clinical applications.
Study on the motion of single particle chain in the magnetorheological fluid under the action of traveling magnetic field
Authors: Sun Zebang , Liu Shaogang , Zhao Dan , Dong Liqiang , Qi Jinming , Guo Chang 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Magnetorheological fluid (MRF) is a widely used intelligent material that can quickly respond to external magnetic fields. To effectively control the motion of the particle chain inside the MRF, this paper combines the traveling magnetic field (TMF) with the MRF to study the movement of the single particle chain in the MRF under the action of the TMF for the first time and discusses the influence of the moving velocity of the TMF and the magnetic induction intensity on the motion displacement and the velocity of the single particle chain, determines the adjustable range of the single particle chain motion parameters, and builds an experimental platform to observe the motion of the single particle chain. The results show that under the action of the TMF, the single particle chain makes a variable velocity reciprocating motion, and the displacement amplitude of the single particle chain is inversely proportional to the moving velocity of the TMF but directly proportional to the magnetic induction intensity of the TMF. The single particle chain velocity amplitude is only proportional to the magnetic induction intensity and is unrelated to the moving velocity of the TMF. This study shows that adjusting the TMF parameters can effectively control the displacement and velocity of single particle chain motion. This study provides a compelling new method to control the motion pattern of single particle chains in MRF.
Uncertainties of critical temperatures based on higher-order fluctuations of the largest fragment charge*
Authors: Xiao 肖 Erxi 尔熙 , Lei 雷 Xin 昕 , Huang 黄 Yingge 英格 , Feng 冯 Yujie 玉洁 , Zhu 祝 Long 龙 , Su 苏 Jun 军 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The new signature of liquid-gas phase transition has been well indicated by the higher-order fluctuations of the largest fragment charge, but the uncertainties of critical temperatures based on this signature have not been revealed. This study extracts the critical temperatures of liquid-gas phase transition in nuclear reactions and investigates their uncertainties. Utilizing the isospin-dependent quantum molecular dynamics model in conjunction with the statistical model GEMINI enables us to describe the dynamical path from the initial to the final state. An isotope thermometer and a quantum fluctuation thermometer are employed to extract the nuclear temperature. The higher-order fluctuations of the largest fragment charge and critical temperatures are studied in 124Sn + 120Sn collisions ranging from 400 to 1000 MeV/nucleon and 124Sn + AZ collisions at 600 MeV/nucleon. Observations revealed that the pseudo-critical point is robustly indicated by the higher-order fluctuations of the largest fragment charge. The critical temperatures extracted by the isotope thermometer are relatively consistent, with an uncertainty of 15%, while those obtained by the quantum fluctuation thermometer are heavily influenced by the incident energy and mass number of target nuclei. The excitation energy

and bound charge

are used for event-sorting. These two ensembles represent the statistical properties of the initial and final states of the system, respectively. The initial-final correlations of statistical properties might lead to two phenomena. First, the size distribution of the largest fragment at the pseudo-critical point based on the

ensemble is wide, while that based on

ensemble exhibits bimodality, which is a typical characteristic in the liquid-gas coexistence of a finite system. Second, the temperature at the pseudo-critical point based on the

ensemble is higher than that based on the

ensemble. Furthermore, the projectile-like system exhibits a significant dynamical effect in its evolution path from the initial to final state, closely associated with the fluctuation of critical temperature.
First evaluation of the primary frequency standard NTSC-CsF2
Authors: Wang Xin-Liang , Ruan Jun , Liu Dan-Dan , Guan Yong , Shi Jun-Ru , Yang Fan , Bai Yang , Zhang Hui , Fan Si-Chen , Wu Wen-Jun , Zhao Shu-Hong , Zhang Shou-Gang 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Caesium fountain primary frequency standards have been used to realize the definition of the second in the International System of units for more than two decades. This paper reports the structure and uncertainty evaluation of the NTSC-CsF2, developed by National Time Service Center (NTSC), Chinese Academy of Sciences. The short-term stability at high atomic density is 2.1 × 10−13 at 1 s of averaging time. The fractional combined type B uncertainty is evaluated at 4.3 × 10−16. A frequency comparison has been conducted between NTSC-CsF2 and the SI second through a Global Navigation Satellite System link for eight months whose results show a fractional frequency difference of 4.2(5.2) × 10−16. With a reduced chi-square of 0.8, NTSC-CsF2 is found to be consistent with that of the other fountains within the uncertainty.
Lattice constant and polarization-independent high transmission in tellurium-based dielectric metasurfaces
Authors: Sadasivan Jayesh , Krishnan Sivarama , Dontabhaktuni Jayasri 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
High-refractive-index dielectric metasurfaces give rise to unprecedented control of light manipulation, such as control of phase, polarization and amplitude, giving rise to interesting properties, such as directional beam steering, polarization detectors and sensors. Dielectric metasurfaces of sub-wavelength dimensions have tremendous applications in the field of optics, such as negative refractive index, cloaking, perfect absorbers and reflectors. The study of light–matter interactions in such materials has gained impetus due to the formation of novel states, such as anapoles, and transparent states obtained by interference between resonant electric, magnetic and higher-order modes. In this article, we investigate the light–matter interaction of an array of periodic dielectric metasurfaces made from high-refractive-index tellurium in cubic geometries and study its electromagnetic response as a function of the lattice constant, angle of incidence and angle of polarization. More specifically, we observe a non-resonant transparent state at 60.69 THz, which is independent of both the lattice constant and polarization of the input radiation. Moreover, this state shows high transmission for a broad range of incident angles with potential applications as optical filters. It also depends on the incident polarization, thus acting as a perfect polarization detector. Detailed investigations of scattering parameters, the spatial distribution of electric and magnetic fields in the near- and far-field regions and detailed multipole analysis are carried out to analyze the electromagnetic response of the metasurface.
Efficient visible-light-driven photocatalytic removal of Acid Blue 92, E. coli, and S. aureus over Ag-AgCl nanoparticles-decorated bismuth sulfide microparticles
Authors: Dawi E A , Padervand M , Bargahi A , Eftekhari-Sis B , Bahrami M K , Abdelkader A 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Bismuth sulfide particles were modified with Ag-AgCl nanoparticles to make a visible light active plasmonic photocatalyst. The powder x-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive x-ray (EDX), elemental mapping, nitrogen adsorption–desorption isotherms (BET-BJH), photoluminescence (PL), and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) techniques were served to analyze the morphological and structural properties. To evaluate the photocatalytic performance, Acid Blue 92 (AB92) azo dye was degraded in the aqueous solution under visible light irradiation. According to the results, 0.025 g of the photocatalyst powder was able to remove more than 98% of AB92 at 15 ppm concentration under neutral acidity, following pseudo first-order kinetics. Superoxide anion radicals (O2
•−) were also recognized as the most key species promoting the photodegradation pathway. Also, the antibacterial activity of the materials was explored against E. coli and S. aureus pathogenic bacteria under irradiation and dark conditions. Using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images of the treated cells, it was found that the plasmonic photocatalyst damaged the cell wall structure of both gram-positive and negative bacteria within 2 h significantly, which could be attributed to the efficient production of destructive superoxide anion radicals on the surface of Ag-AgCl/Bi2S3 particles under illumination.
Strengthening phase and mechanical property analysis of artificially aged Al7075 – Ni coated Al2024 composites
Authors: B M Karthik , K M Sathish Kumar , Sharma Sathyashankara , M C Gowrishankar , Hegde Ananda , K Nithesh 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This technical paper demonstrates the possibilities of nickel (Ni) coated Al2024 powder reinforcement in an Al7075 matrix using the liquid stir casting technique. Additionally, the paper focuses on achieving stable properties by implementing artificial aging heat treatment. To apply the Ni coating, the electroless nickel plating technique was utilized, and a minimum coating thickness of 8 μm was determined to effectively prevent the dissolution of Al2024 powder reinforcements within the Al7075 matrix. Stir casting facilitated the uniform dispersion of the coated Al2024 powder up to a weight percentage of 7%. Subsequently, the Al7075 alloy and composites underwent artificial aging through solution heat treatment (SHT) at 450 °C for 4 h, followed by water quenching and aging at temperatures of 120, 150, and 180 °C. Aging at 120 °C was found to yield superior results compared to aging at 150 and 180 °C, thus identified as the optimum aging temperature. When the Ni coating thickness was increased beyond the optimal 8 μm, the resulting enhancements in hardness for both as-cast and peak-aged specimens, as well as the tensile strength, were not significant. The improvements observed were only marginal, ranging between 2 to 3%. Fracture surface analysis revealed that the predominant fracture mode in the Al7075 alloy was ductile, characterized by dimple rupture. In the as-cast Al7075-(7%, 8 μm) Al2024 composite, a mixed fracture mode comprising both brittle and ductile characteristics was observed. In the peak-aged (120 °C) Al7075-(7%, 8 μm)Al2024 composite, the overall fracture mode exhibited a dominant brittle nature. Analytical techniques including XRD, TEM, and EDS confirmed the presence of Mg2Si, MgZn2, CuAl2, and CuAl2Mg phases in the peak-aged (120 °C) Al7075-(7%, 8 μm) Al2024 composite. These phases contributed to the enhancement of the properties of both the Al7075 alloy and its composites. The developed composites can be used in automobile parts and aerospace applications.
Multimode Fabry-Perot laser as a reservoir computing and extreme learning machine photonic accelerator
Authors: Skontranis Menelaos , Sarantoglou George , Sozos Kostas , Kamalakis Thomas , Mesaritakis Charis , Bogris Adonis 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In this work, we introduce Fabry–Perot lasers as neuromoprhic nodes in the context of time-delayed reservoir computing and extreme learning machine (ELM) for the processing of temporal signals and the high-speed classification of images. By exploiting the multi-wavelength emission capabilities of the Fabry–Perot lasers, additional processing nodes can be introduced, thus raising the computational power without sacrificing processing speed. An experimental validation of this concept using a Fabry–Perot ELM is presented targeting a time depedent task such as channel equalization for a 50 km 28 Gbaud ‘PAM-4’ transmission, offering hard-decision forward error correction compatible performance. Additionally, the Fabry–Perot neuromorphic concept has been further strengthened by modifying the data entry technique by parallelelly assigning different samples of the input signal to different modes so as to significantly reduce speed penalty. Numerical simulations revealed that this alternative data insertion technique can offer a reduction of the processing delay and physical footprint by 75% compared to the conventional approach assigning the same symbols to all Fairy–Perot modes. Moreover, by using a similar data processing scheme in ‘MNIST’ image classification task we were able to numerically achieve a processing speed of 255.1 Mimages s−1 and a classification accuracy up to 95.95%.
Screening for alcohol use in primary care: assessing French general practitioner practices
Authors: Barré Tangui , Di Beo Vincent , Roux Perrine , Mourad Abbas , Verger Pierre , Fressard Lisa , Herault Thomas , Buyck Jean-François , Beck François , Carrieri Patrizia 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Alcohol use is a leading risk factor for premature death and disability. To tackle this issue, more systematic and accurate screening for at-risk consumption is needed in healthcare systems, especially by general practitioners (GPs). We assessed the frequency of at-risk consumption screening by GPs in France. We also identified characteristics associated with more frequent screening and greater use of validated screening tools by these healthcare providers. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among a representative sample of French GPs. Multinomial logistic regressions were used to identify factors associated with more frequent screening and greater use of validated screening tools. Response rate was of 73%. Of the 2412 participants, 42.8% screened all their patients systematically and repeatedly, while 48.0% never used standardized tools to screen potentially at-risk patients. Among other characteristics, being aware of and using the “early identification and brief intervention” screening strategy, and feeling absolutely comfortable talking with patients about reducing or stopping their alcohol use, were both associated with more frequent screening and use of standardized tools. Our results on at-risk alcohol use screening highlight an improvement over data from previous studies. Nevertheless, better training of French GPs in good alcohol screening practices—specifically, increased screening frequency and greater use of standardized tools—may improve identification of at-risk patients.
‘Memories from the Forgotten Frontline.’ Social Worker’s Reflections on Shifting Practices of Work, Home and Belonging during Covid-19
Authors: Turner Denise , Walsh Katie 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This article documents a creative and participatory research project with social workers that took place online during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. Thirty-three social workers contributed images and captions to one or more of the four project themes: (i) Belonging and Connection; (ii) Health and Wellbeing; (iii) Home and Away and (iv) Loss and Change. The website became a digital archive of the contributions and a physical exhibition also took place to provide further opportunities for reflection. Contributions together demonstrate shifting subjectivities and everyday practices of social work professionals during this time: there were new possibilities for leisure, exercise, creativity and self-care, held alongside challenging experiences of isolation, increased regulatory practices and premature loss. As such, this article is revealing of the human stories of everyday life in the pandemic, documenting changing social worker practices of work, home and belonging.
Chenopodium ucrainicum (Amaranthaceae), a new ‘BB’ genome diploid species: karyological, cytological, and molecular evidence
Authors: Habibi Farzaneh , Mosyakin Sergei L , Shynder Oleksandr I , Krak Karol , Čortan Dijana , Filippi Gabrielle A , Mandák Bohumil 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In 2020, S. Mosyakin and B. Mandák described a new species from the Chenopodium album aggregate, C. ucrainicum. The description of the species was based mainly on its distinct morphological characters. This study aims to improve our understanding of C. ucrainicum by combining karyological, cytological, molecular, and distribution information. All analyses demonstrated that C. ucrainicum is closely related to C. ficifolium and C. suecicum, the species with the ‘BB’ subgenome. It has the same diploid number of chromosomes (2n = 2x = 18), has very similar genome size (mean ± SD, 1.865 ± 0.026 pg), and is included in the same haplogroup together with polyploid species with the subgenome combination ‘BBDD’. Nevertheless, the haplotype of C. ucrainicum is unique and is not shared with any known closely related species, indicating that the species is very well delimited from other related taxa. A similar result was obtained by RAD-seq data. This finding is particularly significant because species with the ‘BB’ genome played an integral part in the evolution of several allopolyploid taxa, some of which are widespread weeds (C. album s.s., C. berlandieri) or economically important species (C. quinoa). Morphologically, the closest species remains C. suecicum, which is, however, very well genetically differentiated.