bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detection of slow‐moving landslides through automated monitoring of surface deformation using Sentinel‐2 satellite imagery
Authors: Van Wyk de Vries Maximillian , Arrell Katherine , Basyal Gopi K. , Densmore Alexander L. , Dunant Alexandre , Harvey Erin L. , Jimee Ganesh K. , Kincey Mark E. , Li Sihan , Singh Pujara Dammar , Shrestha Ram , Rosser Nick J. , Dadson Simon J. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractLandslides are one of the most damaging natural hazards and have killed tens of thousands of people around the world over the past decade. Slow‐moving landslides, with surface velocities on the order of 10−2–102 m a−1, can damage buildings and infrastructure and be precursors to catastrophic collapses. However, due to their slow rates of deformation and at times subtle geomorphic signatures, they are often overlooked in local and large‐scale hazard inventories. Here, we present a remote‐sensing workflow to automatically map slow‐moving landslides using feature tracking of freely and globally available optical satellite imagery. We evaluate this proof‐of‐concept workflow through three case studies from different environments: the extensively instrumented Slumgullion landslide in the United States, an unstable lateral moraine in Chilean Patagonia and a high‐relief landscape in central Nepal. This workflow is able to delineate known landslides and identify previously unknown areas of hillslope deformation, which we consider as candidate slow‐moving landslides. Improved mapping of the spatial distribution, character and surface displacement rates of slow‐moving landslides will improve our understanding of their role in the multi‐hazard chain and their sensitivity to climatic changes and can direct future detailed localised investigations into their dynamics.
Potential anti‐obesity effect of saponin metabolites from adzuki beans: A computational approach
Authors: Moussa Ashaimaa Y. , Alanzi Abdullah , Luo Jinhai , Chung Sookja Kim , Xu Baojun 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn contrast to its widespread traditional and popular culinary use to reduce weight, Vigna angularis (adzuki beans) was not subjected to sufficient scientific scrutiny. Particularly, its saponins whose role was never investigated before to unveil the beans’ antidiabetic and anti‐obesity effects. Four vital pancreatic and intestinal carbohydrate enzymes were selected to assess the potency of the triterpenoidal saponins of V. angularis to bind and activate these proteins through high‐precision molecular modeling and dynamics mechanisms with accurate molecular mechanics Generalized Born Surface Area (MMGBSA) energy calculations; thus, recognizing their anti‐obesity potential. Our results showed that adzukisaponin VI and adzukisaponin IV were the best compounds in the α‐amylase and α‐glucosidase enzymatic grooves, respectively. Adzukisaponin VI and angulasaponin C were the best fitting in the N‐termini of sucrase‐isomaltose (SI) enzyme, and angulasaponin C was the best scoring compound in maltase‐glucoamylase C‐termini. All of them outperformed the standard drug acarbose. These compounds in their protein complexes were selected to undergo molecular simulations of the drug‐bound protein compared to the apo‐protein through 100 ns, which confirmed the consistency of binding to the key amino acid residues in the four enzyme pockets with the least propensity of unfolding. Detailed analysis is given of the different polar and hydrophobic binding interactions of docked compounds. While maltase–adzukisaponin VI complex scored the lowest MMGBSA free energy of −67.77 Kcal/mol, α‐amylase complex with angulasaponin B revealed the free binding energy of −74.18 Kcal/mol with a dominance of van der Waals energy (ΔEVDW) and the least change from the start to the end of the simulation time. This study will direct researchers to the significance of isolating the pure adzuki saponin components to conduct future in vitro and in vivo experimental works and even clinical trials.
Infant‐directed communication in Tanna, Vanuatu and Vancouver, Canada
Authors: Halavani Zahra , Yeung H. Henny , Cebioğlu Senay , Broesch Tanya 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIt is known that infant‐directed speech (IDS) plays a key role in language development. Previous research, however, has also identified significant variability across societies in terms of how often IDS occurs. For example, some studies report very little IDS in non‐western, small‐scale societies – including children growing up in small‐scale societies in Tanna, Vanuatu. This is surprising given that IDS is widely assumed as a common feature of human caregiving based on research conducted in urbanised populations which are more well‐studied. Here, we propose that IDS is only one of a suite of important caregiving behaviours that are produced during interactions with infants, which may vary by culture, perhaps being replaced by other, non‐verbal infant‐directed behaviours (IDB). We will examine previously collected data consisting of 94 semi‐structured 10‐min video observations of caregivers and their 18–24 month‐old children in rural Tanna, Vanuatu and urban Vancouver, Canada to identify and compare the proportion of time caregivers spend engaging in IDS and IDB during these interactions, both within and between societies. We define IDS as caregiver speech or vocalisations during the interaction with the infant, and we define IDB as non‐verbal behaviours that are produced with the infant during the interaction. This study aims to take a step towards a more generalised understanding of language development in children, moving beyond the urban and western societies in which our understanding of development is currently based, and the predicted results will aid in recognising different developmental pathways within multi‐cultural communities.
Intelligent reflecting surfaces assisted integrated information and energy networks in D2D communications
Authors: Rashid Umair , Mukhtar Farooq , Waqar Omer , Asif Waqar , Sherazi Hafiz Husnain Raza 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIntelligent Reflecting Surface (IRS) is set to revolutionize future wireless networks, particularly in Device to Device (D2D) communication. Its unique intelligence lies in dynamically reshaping signal propagation and enhancing network performance. The proposed model ensures receivers in a D2D network are accessible only through strategically placed IRS elements, optimizing signal propagation and coverage. Simulations demonstrate the solution's effectiveness, enhancing communication for Information Users (IUs) and energy harvesting for Energy Users (EUs) while meeting SINR constraints. Our efficient algorithms tackle the non‐convex problem, enabling exclusive transmission of information signals from the AP to serve both IUs and EUs with improved performance.
The Relationship Between Fatty Liver and Hyperinsulinemia in Obese Japanese Children
Authors: Kawasaki Takuya , Hashimoto Naoshi , Kikuchi Toru , Takahashi Hideo , Uchiyama Makoto 
Published: February 2024

Background:Previous reports have revealed that fatty liver involving obesity is closely related to insulin resistance or hyperinsulinemia in adulthood. This study investigates the importance of hyperinsulinemia in obese children with fatty liver.Methods:The subjects were 228 obese children 6 to 15 years old in Niigata Prefecture, Japan. The serum level of glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT) was evaluated as an indicator of fatty liver. The effects of their percent obesity (percent over ideal body weight), Rohrer index (g/cm3), skinfold thickness, percent body fat measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis, total cholesterol (TC), high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglyceride (TG), blood glucose, and immuno‐reactive insulin (IRI) on GPT were evaluated using regression analyses.Results:The incidence of fatty liver (GPT over 35 IU/I) was 24.1% in this study. In simple regression analyses, percent obesity, Rohrer index, skinfold thickness, TC, TG, blood glucose, and IRI correlated positively with GPT (p < 0.05). In stepwise regression analysis including these seven variables, the predictive equation for GPT as a function of IRI alone accounted for 24.2% of the total variance of GPT. The addition of TC alone, and TC and percent obesity together increased the coefficients of determination to 28.4% and 29.9%, respectively. Rohrer index, skinfold thickness, Tg, and blood glucose were not taken as related variables with GPT.Conclusion:Hyperinsulinemia is an important contributor to the development of fatty liver, apparently more than anthropometric data, blood glucose, or serum lipids in childhood obesity.
Antroduodenal Motor Effects of Intravenous Erythromycin in Children with Abnormalities of Gastrointestinal Motility
Authors: Cucchiara S. , Minella R. , Scoppa A. , Emiliano M. , Calabrese F. , Az‐ Zeqeh N. , Rea B. , Salvia G. 
Published: February 2024

Background:The macrolide antibiotic erythromycin (EM) affects gastrointestinal motor activity by acting as agonist of motilin receptors located on the smooth muscle cells of the gastroduodenal tract. We studied the effect of intravenous EM on fasting antroduodenal motility in controls and children with gastrointestinal dysmotility.Methods:EM lactobionate (rate, 3.0 mg/kg/h) was infused intravenously while antroduodenal manometry was recorded in 10 controls, in 7 patients with functional dyspepsia and in 6 patients with gut pseudo‐obstruction. The mean (SD) age (years) was 5.7 (1.4), 6.5 (2.4), and 6.7 (3.2), respectively. Manometry was performed by means of a four‐ or six‐lumen catheter introduced through the nose and perfused with a low compliance pneumohydraulic system. Five controls received EM and five received saline.Results:EM, infused 5 minutes after passage of an activity front (AF), induced in controls a premature antroduodenal AF occurring 15.4 ± 3.2 minutes after starting infusion; no motor changes were seen after saline; duration and propagation velocity of EM‐induced AFs did not differ from spontaneous AFs. In patients with functional dyspepsia EM induced various patterns such as premature antroduodenal AFs, antral phase III‐like pattern with short duodenal bursts or prolonged phasic antral waves and no duodenal activity. In patients with neurogenic pseudo‐obstruction rare or absent antral activity with incoordinated or absent duodenal activity was induced; no contractions were elicited in two patients with myogenic pseudo‐obstruction.Conclusions:It is confirmed that EM, given at subtherapeutic doses, is a powerful prokinetic agent that can have clinical applications in patients with gastrointestinal dysmotility; however, the effect of the drug seems to be influenced by the nature of the underlying disorder.
Exploring cash refund capital reduction in Taiwan: Empirical insights from bull and bear markets
Authors: Wei Yu‐Sin , Yu Chih‐Ping , Hou Han 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe paper explores the concept of cash refund capital reductions (CRCR) in the context of firms listed on the Taiwan Stock Exchange Corporation (TSEC) and GreTai Securities Market (GTSM). CRCR is a distinct and increasingly vital financial tool used by these firms. Taiwan stands alone in adopting CRCR, making it a challenge to establish both a theoretical framework and gather empirical evidence on this subject. In this study, we examined 205 CRCR announcements made between 2002 and 2022, delving into their impact on both bull and bear markets. Our investigation reveals that the market responses to CRCR announcements were more significant during bull markets compared to bear markets. Additionally, we delve into the crucial factors influencing market responses in these varying market conditions. The findings underscore the importance for firms announcing CRCR to carefully consider the prevailing market conditions.
Nonshared environment: Real but random
Authors: Plomin Robert 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundIn the excitement about genomics, it is easy to lose sight of one of the most important findings from behavioural genetics: At least half of the variance of psychopathology is caused by environmental effects that are not shared by children growing up in the same family, which includes error of measurement. However, a 30‐year search for the systematic causes of nonshared environment in a line‐up of the usual suspects, especially parenting, has not identified the culprits.MethodI briefly review this research, but primarily consider the conceptual framework of the search for ‘missing’ nonshared environmental effects.ResultsThe search has focused on exogenous events like parenting, but nonshared environment might not be caused by anything we would call an event. Instead, it might reflect endogenous processes such as noisy biological systems (such as somatic mutations and epigenetics) or, at a psychological level, idiosyncratic subjective perceptions of past and present experiences, which could be called nonshared environmental experience to distinguish it from exogenous events. Although real, nonshared environment might be random in the philosophy of science sense of being unpredictable, even though it can have stable effects that predict subsequent behaviour.ConclusionI wade into the weeds of randomness and suggest that this so‐called ‘gloomy prospect’ might not be so gloomy.
The role of high‐resolution impedance manometry to identify rumination syndrome in children with unexplained foregut symptoms
Authors: Puoti Maria Giovanna , Safe Mark , Thapar Nikhil , Di Chio Teresa , Pieri Elena Sofia , Nikaki Kornilia , Lindley Keith , Rybak Anna , Borrelli Osvaldo 
Published: February 2024

AbstractObjectivesDiagnosis of rumination syndrome (RS) relies on Rome IV criteria. Oesophageal high‐resolution impedance manometry (HRIM) can objectively demonstrate the episodes of rumination, but its role in the diagnostic pathway is not yet established. We aimed to demonstrate the clinical contribution of this tool for the timely diagnosis of RS and diagnostic work‐up of children with unexplained foregut symptoms deemed to be due to other conditions.MethodsHRIMs performed between 2012 and 2021 were searched to retrieve all diagnoses of RS. Medical records were reviewed for clinical data.ResultsOut of 461 HRIMs performed, 76 children had manometric diagnosis of RS (35 male, median age: 13 years). Of them, 47% were not clinically suspected as the symptoms did not fulfil clinical criteria for RS. The indications for HRIM in these cases were investigation of unexplained foregut symptoms (37%), suspected refractory gastroesophageal reflux disease (8%) and dysphagia (2%). Among all HRIMs performed for investigations of unexplained foregut symptoms (n = 80), 35% demonstrated rumination episodes.ConclusionIdentification of characteristic patterns of rumination on HRIM in children with unexplained foregut symptoms enables the immediate diagnosis of RS. Thus, in situations of diagnostic uncertainty, the use of HRIM at early stages of the diagnostic pathway would reduce unnecessary investigations and treatments.
Development of a quantification method for the analysis of sugars in apple fruit juice using attenuated total reflection‐Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy coupled with multivariate regression modeling
Authors: Dhaulaniya Amit Singh , Balan Biji , Singh Dileep K. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundSugars are a major component of apple juices. Sugar content plays an important role in quality analysis of the apple juice. In this study, an attempt is made to develop a simple and reliable method for the direct estimation of sugar content in apple juice using attenuated total reflection‐Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR‐FTIR) coupled with chemometric technique. The spectral information obtained from the FTIR is utilized to develop predictive models based on partial least square regression (PLS‐R) and principal component regression (PCR) for sugar analysis.ResultsBased on the analysis of FTIR spectra, a fingerprint region (between 1200 and 900 cm−1) for carbohydrates in apple juice was identified. This region was utilized to develop PLS‐R and PCR models. Ultimately, PLS‐R models were selected for prediction because of their superiority in terms of root mean square error of calibration (RMSEC), root mean standard error for cross‐validation (RMSECV), and R2 over PCR models. For fructose and glucose content, the prediction model generated with raw spectra obtained the best optimized statistical parameters (R2 fructose; 0.9952, R2 glucose; 0.9961). However, for total sugar and sucrose (R2 total sugar; 0.9968, R2 sucrose; 0.9983) content, first‐derivative FTIR models were found best suitable for the prediction of test set.ConclusionsThis study offers a reliable, rapid, and nondestructive method with least sample preparation for the direct estimation of sugars in apple juices. It allows the determination of several sugars in a single measurement, which is worth emphasizing. The fundamental methodology of the proposed model can also be advantageous for simultaneous determination of major sugars in complex matrices other than fruit juices.
Resilience changes of carbon stocks to quantify the long‐term effects of ecological engineering projects in subtropical forests of China based on satellite‐derived net ecosystem production time series and inventory data
Authors: Yang Qin , Huang Zhi , Wu Ling , Guo Binbin , Liu Meiling , Xue Xiaojing , Li Xiaoyue , Liu Xiangnan 
Published: February 2024

AbstractUnderstanding how resilient forests are to ecological engineering projects (EEPs) is essential to forest management and ecosystem health. Despite growing evidence that EEPs achieve increasing carbon stocks, whether such benefits can be sustainable and what are the consequences of EEPs on forest health remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the long‐term effects of EEPs using forest resilience from aspects of resistance and recovery, by applying a change detection algorithm (breaks for additive seasonal and trend; BFAST) spatially on net ecosystem production (NEP) (proxy for carbon stocks) time series (1981–2019) in red soil hilly region (RSHR) of subtropical China. The spatial parameters (e.g., the number, magnitude, and time of changes) used to construct resilience metrics were generated based on BFAST‐derived breakpoints. These metrics were then utilized to analyze the dynamics of forest resilience in relation to EEPs factors in terms of plantation area, forest type, and stand age. Our results observed 92.77% of breakpoints in NEP after 2000, which corresponds well with the periods that multiple EEPs were conducted. NEP resilience showed great variability during 2001–2019, with a positive increasing trend in resistance (R2 = 0.72) and a continuous decline (R2 = 0.37) in recovery, indicating an unhealthy ecosystem in RSHR. Our findings revealed that forest resistance was strongly associated with plantation area (R = 0.71), and the presence of monoculture and young coniferous forest may be the potential factors for the decline in recovery. This suggested that forest resilience in RSHR is mainly modulated by large‐scale EEPs.
Nonlinear responses in interannual variability of lake ice to climate change
Authors: Richardson David C. , Filazzola Alessandro , Woolway R. Iestyn , Imrit M. Arshad , Bouffard Damien , Weyhenmeyer Gesa A. , Magnuson John , Sharma Sapna 
Published: February 2024

AbstractClimate change is contributing to rapid changes in lake ice cover across the Northern Hemisphere, thereby impacting local communities and ecosystems. Using lake ice cover time‐series spanning over 87 yr for 43 lakes across the Northern Hemisphere, we found that the interannual variability in ice duration, measured as standard deviation, significantly increased in only half of our studied lakes. We observed that the interannual variability in ice duration peaked when lakes were, on average, covered by ice for about 1 month, while both longer and shorter long‐term mean ice cover duration resulted in lower interannual variability in ice duration. These results demonstrate that the ice cover duration can become so short that the interannual variability rapidly declines. The interannual variability in ice duration showed a strong dependency on global temperature anomalies and teleconnections, such as the North Atlantic Oscillation and El Niño–Southern Oscillation. We conclude that many lakes across the Northern Hemisphere will experience a decline in interannual ice cover variability and shift to open water during the winter under a continued global warming trend which will affect lake biological, cultural, and economic processes.
Evaluating the quality of life impact of recurrent urinary tract infection: Validation and refinement of the Recurrent UTI Impact Questionnaire (RUTIIQ)
Authors: Newlands Abigail F. , Kramer Melissa , Roberts Lindsey , Maxwell Kayleigh , Price Jessica L. , Finlay Katherine A. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackground and AimsRecurrent urinary tract infection (rUTI) has significant negative consequences for a wide variety of quality of life (QoL) domains. Without adequate validation and assessment of the unique insights of people living with rUTI, clinical results cannot be fully understood. The Recurrent UTI Impact Questionnaire (RUTIIQ), a novel patient‐reported outcome measure of rUTI psychosocial impact, has been robustly developed with extensive patient and clinician input to facilitate enhanced rUTI management and research. This study aimed to confirm the structural validity of the RUTIIQ, assessing its strength and bifactor model fit.MethodsA sample of 389 adults experiencing rUTI (96.9% female, aged 18–87 years) completed an online cross‐sectional survey comprising a demographic questionnaire and the RUTIIQ. A bifactor graded response model was fitted to the data, optimizing the questionnaire structure based on item fit, discrimination capability, local dependence, and differential item functioning.ResultsThe final RUTIIQ demonstrated excellent bifactor model fit (RMSEA = 0.054, CFI = 0.99, SRMSR = 0.052), and mean‐square fit indices indicated that all included items were productive for measurement (MNSQ = 0.52–1.41). The final questionnaire comprised an 18‐item general “rUTI QoL impact” factor, and five subfactor domains measuring “personal wellbeing” (three items), “social wellbeing” (four items), “work and activity interference” (four items), “patient satisfaction” (four items), and “sexual wellbeing” (three items). Together, the general factor and five subfactors explained 81.6% of the common model variance. All factor loadings were greater than 0.30 and communalities greater than 0.60, indicating good model fit and structural validity.ConclusionsThe 18‐item RUTIIQ is a robust, patient‐tested questionnaire with excellent psychometric properties, which capably assesses the patient experience of rUTI‐related impact to QoL and healthcare satisfaction. Facilitating standardized patient monitoring and improved shared decision‐making, the RUTIIQ delivers the unique opportunity to improve patient‐centered care.