bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Flowing Heating System for Pipeline of Electromagnetic Coupling of Power Frequency Without the Iron Core and Its Structure Optimization
Authors: Zhou Feng , Cheng Quanyou , Zhao Han , Zhang Zongsheng , Wang Hao 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
In response to the current problems such as electromagnetic coupling heating equipment relying on the limitations of electronic devices mostly and difficulty in achieving uniform heating of flowing material, this paper proposed a flowing heating system for pipelines of electromagnetic coupling of power frequency without the iron core. Using the heating system of 500 kW/10.5 kV, structural and electrical parameters were obtained from theoretical calculations, and a finite element simulation model was established. Aiming at the problems of voltage waveform distortion and low power factor, the factors affecting the heating system such as pipe wall thickness and coupling gap were analyzed, and the influence laws on the heating system were obtained. The structure of the conductive ring was proposed for system optimization. In the case of the no-iron heart, the heat efficiency can reach 89.01%, the power factor increased to 0.915, and the voltage distortion was also significantly reduced. Based on the finite element simulation results, the structure of the spoiler ball was proposed to address the problem of uneven heating, and the simulation showed that the spoiler balls can optimize the heating uniformity of the heating system. This system can realize the uniform heating of material without the cost of the iron core and has the characteristics of high voltage and high power, which can provide an effective way of thinking for the electric heating of hot water, steam, hot air, etc.
Experimental Study on the Hydrodynamic Performance of a Flexible Connected Double-Module Floating Structure
Authors: Dong Guohai , Mao Yanjun , Wu Yufei , Ma Xiaozhou , Yuan Fang , Lu Xiong , Zhang Luyao , Zhou Diwen , Liu Zhiqiang 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
A flexibly connected double-module floating structure can be used as the primary component unit of a large multi-module floating structure, revealing some basic principles regarding the interaction of multiple modules and connectors to the same extent. This study investigated the hydrodynamic characteristics of a double-module floating structure with cable–fender connectors and connector loads through an experimental model test. Due to the weak coupling strength of the connector, the motion response of each unit of the double-module floating structure mainly responds to the wave frequency, and the resonance frequency of the floating unit is close to that of the single floating module. The magnitude of the connector load is related to the relative pitch motion of the two modules. The increased stiffness of the connector can limit the pitch motion of the modules but can also lead to higher forces on the connector. The load acting on the fender in the cable–fender connector is strongly nonlinear, and the shear force on the fender is large; this may be the control load causing fender damage.
Active Regulation of Elastic Waves in a Type of Two-Dimensional Periodic Structures With Piezoelectric Springs
Authors: Zhao Jian , Wang Hongyu , Wang Xuefeng , Zhang Jian , Huang Yu 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Wave propagations exhibit direction and frequency selectivity in two-dimensional (2D) periodic structures, which provides possibilities to regulate wave dispersion and bandgap properties. Most of current researches focus on regulations of 1D waves, and there are few works about active regulations of 2D waves, especially in the structures with strong nonlinearities that have remarkable influences on dispersions. In this work, two types of 2D periodic nonlinear lattice structures with piezoelectric springs, which include a monatomic and a diatomic structure, are designed to implement controllable dispersion and propagation direction of 2D waves. Considering the strong nonlinearities caused by the cubic spring, dynamic models of the wave propagations in the two kinds of periodic structures are established, and an improved incremental harmonic balance (IHB) method is developed to implement efficient and accurate calculations of the 2D wave propagation. Influences of active and structural parameters on dispersion and bandgap properties are comprehensively studied, and the regulation ability of the piezoelectric springs is demonstrated where the proportional voltage constant is the active control parameter with particle displacements as the feedback. Results also show that a piezoelectric modulated bandgap and a critical wave vector region are created by positive and negative proportional constants, respectively, which indicate that the structures can be used to filter a wide range of low-frequency long-wavelength noises and waves at particular directions. The properties predicted by the improved IHB method are verified by numerical experiments.
Dementia-Inclusive Choices for Exercise Toolkit: Impact on the Knowledge, Perspectives, and Practices of Exercise Providers
Authors: Middleton Laura E. , Pelletier Chelsea , Koch Melissa , Norman Rebekah , Dupuis Sherry , Astell Arlene , Giangregorio Lora , Freeman Shannon , _ _ 
Published: January 2024

Physical activity improves the well-being of persons living with dementia but few exercise programs include them. The Dementia-Inclusive Choices for Exercise (DICE) toolkit aims to improve exercise providers’ understanding of dementia and ability to support persons living with dementia in physical activity. We evaluated the co-designed DICE toolkit with exercise providers using a mixed-methods approach comprising pre/post questionnaires and interviews and reflection diaries. Among 16 participants, self-efficacy for exercise delivery to persons living with dementia and both knowledge and attitudes toward dementia significantly improved. Thematic analysis suggested participants (a) had a deeper understanding of the variability of dementia, (b) were planning for equitable access for persons living with dementia, (c) planned to promote social connection through exercise, and (d) were optimistic for future engagement with persons living with dementia. The DICE toolkit may improve exercise providers’ knowledge and confidence to plan proactively to support persons living with dementia in programs and services.
A Longitudinal Study on the Influence of Peer Network Status on University and College Students’ Academic Records in Hurdle Class
Authors: Su Ronghai , Wang Meiling , Wang Deng , Chen Lin , Su Bingxin , Su Xuanyan , Hsu Maochou 
Published: January 2024

Purpose: To examine the longitudinal impact and mechanism of peer network status on university students’ hurdle running academic records. Methods: Conduct a follow-up survey in the hurdle teaching, an experimental class, and analyze the data using the latent growth model. Results: (a) The intercept and slope of peer network status positively predict the slope of academic records. (b) Peer network status influences the slope of academic records through the slope of learning engagement, and the intercept of learning engagement acts as a masking effect between the two. (c) Personality traits moderated the relationship between peer network status and the academic records slope. Conclusions: (a) The impact of peer network status on academic records exhibits social effects. (b) The impact of peer network status on academic records has a double-edged sword effect. (c) Extroverted personality is most advantageous in enhancing peer network status and predicting the rate of improvement in academic records.
Characterization of the
Pneumocystis jirovecii
and
Pneumocystis murina
phosphoglucomutases (Pgm2s): a potential target for
Pneumocystis
therapy
Authors: Kottom Theodore J. , Carmona Eva M. , Limper Andrew H. 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT

Pneumocystis
cyst life forms contain abundant β-glucan carbohydrates, synthesized using β-1,3 and β-1,6 glucan synthase enzymes and the donor uridine diphosphate (UDP)-glucose. In yeast, phosphoglucomutase (PGM) plays a crucial role in carbohydrate metabolism by interconverting glucose 1-phosphate and glucose 6-phosphate, a vital step in UDP pools for β-glucan cell wall formation. This pathway has not yet been defined in
Pneumocystis
. Herein, we surveyed the
Pneumocystis jirovecii
and
Pneumocystis murina
genomes, which predicted a homolog of the
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
major PGM enzyme. Furthermore, we show that PjPgm2p and PmPgm2p function similarly to the yeast counterpart. When both
Pneumocystis pgm2
homologs are heterologously expressed in
S. cerevisiae pgm2Δ
cells, both genes can restore growth and sedimentation rates to wild-type levels. Additionally, we demonstrate that yeast
pgm2Δ
cell lysates expressing the two
Pneumocystis pgm2
transcripts individually can restore PGM activities significantly altered in the yeast
pgm2Δ
strain. The addition of lithium, a competitive inhibitor of yeast PGM activity, significantly reduces PGM activity. Next, we tested the effects of lithium on
P. murina
viability
ex vivo
and found the compound displays significant anti-
Pneumocystis
activity. Finally, we demonstrate that a para-aryl derivative (ISFP10) with known inhibitory activity against the
Aspergillus fumigatus
PGM protein and exhibiting 50-fold selectivity over the human PGM enzyme homolog can also significantly reduce Pmpgm2 activity
in vitro
. Collectively, our data genetically and functionally validate phosphoglucomutases in both
P. jirovecii
and
P. murina
and suggest the potential of this protein as a selective therapeutic target for individuals with
Pneumocystis
pneumonia.
Global genetic diversity and Asian clades evolution: a phylogeographic study of
Staphylococcus aureus
sequence type 5
Authors: Chen Fengning , Yin Yuyao , Chen Hongbin , Wang Ruobing , Wang Shuyi , Wang Hui 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT

Staphylococcus aureus
sequence type (ST) 5 has spread worldwide; however, phylogeographic studies on the evolution of global phylogenetic and Asian clades of ST5 are lacking. This study included 368 ST5 genome sequences, including 111 newly generated sequences. Primary phylogenetic analysis suggested that there are five clades, and geographical clustering of ST5 methicillin-resistant
S. aureus
(MRSA) was linked to the acquisition of
S. aureus
pathogenicity islands (SaPIs; enterotoxin gene island) and integration of the prophage φSa3. The most recent common ancestor of global
S. aureus
ST5 dates back to the mid-1940s, coinciding with the clinical introduction of penicillin. Bayesian phylogeographic inference allowed to ancestrally trace the Asian ST5 MRSA clade to Japan, which may have spread to major cities in China and Korea in the 1990s. Based on a pan-genome-wide association study, the emergence of Asian ST5 clades was attributed to the gain of prophages, SaPIs, and plasmids, as well as the coevolution of resistance genes. Clade IV displayed greater genomic diversity than the Asian MRSA clades. Collectively, our study provides in-depth insights into the global evolution of
S. aureus
ST5 mainly in China and the United States and reveals that different
S. aureus
ST5 clades have arisen independently in different parts of the world, with limited geographic dispersal across continents.
Deciphering the molecular mechanism and regulation of formaldehyde detoxification in
Mycobacterium smegmatis
Authors: Wani Saloni Rajesh , Jain Vikas 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT

The build-up of formaldehyde, a highly reactive molecule is cytotoxic and must be eliminated for the organism’s survival. Formaldehyde detoxification system is found in nearly all organisms including both pathogenic and non-pathogenic mycobacteria. MscR, a formaldehyde dehydrogenase from
Mycobacterium smegmatis
(Msm), is an indispensable part of this system and forms a bicistronic operon with its downstream uncharacterized gene,
fmh
. We here show that Fmh, a putative metallo-beta-lactamase, is essential in tolerating higher amounts of formaldehyde when co-overexpressed with
mscR in vivo
. Our NMR studies indicate that MscR, along with Fmh, enhances formate production through a mycothiol (MSH)-dependent pathway, emphasizing the importance of Fmh in detoxifying formaldehyde. Although another aldehyde dehydrogenase,
MSMEG_1543,
induces upon formaldehyde addition, it is not involved in its detoxification. We also show that the expression of the
mscR
operon is constitutive and remains unchanged upon formaldehyde addition, as displayed by the promoter activity of

P
mscR

and by the transcript and protein levels of MscR. Furthermore, we establish the role of a thiol-responsive sigma factor SigH in formaldehyde detoxification. We show that SigH, and not SigE, is crucial for formaldehyde detoxification, even though it does not directly regulate
mscR
operon expression. In addition, sensitivity to formaldehyde in
sigH
-knockout could be alleviated by overexpression of
mscR
. Taken together, our data demonstrate the importance of MSH-dependent pathways in detoxifying formaldehyde in a mycobacterial system. An absence of such MSH-dependent proteins in eukaryotes and its complete conservation in
M. tuberculosis
, the causative agent of tuberculosis, further unravel new drug targets for this pathogen.

IMPORTANCE

Extensive research has been done on formaldehyde detoxification in different bacteria. However, our current understanding of the mechanisms underlying this process in mycobacteria remains exceedingly little. We previously showed that MscR, a formaldehyde dehydrogenase from
Mycobacterium smegmatis
, plays a pivotal role in this detoxification pathway. Here, we present a potential S-formyl-mycothiol hydrolase named Fmh, thought to be a metallo-beta-lactamase, which functions along with mycothiol (MSH) and MscR to enhance formate production within this detoxification pathway. Co-expression of Fmh with MscR significantly enhances the efficiency of formaldehyde detoxification in
M. smegmatis
. Our experiments establish that Fmh catalyzes the final step of this detoxification pathway. Although an alternative sigma factor SigH was found to be involved in formaldehyde detoxification, it did not directly regulate the expression of mscR. Since formaldehyde detoxification is essential for bacterial survival, we envisage this process to be a potential drug target for
M. tuberculosis
eradication.
Linking beryllium enrichment to crystal-melt separation in granitic magmatic systems: Insights from high-silica granites in the southern Great Xing’an Range, NE China
Authors: Ji Zheng , Ge Wenchun , Yang Hao , Wang Yongzhi , Wu Haoran , Zhang Zhichao , Dong Yu , Zhou Hongying , Jing Yan 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
High-silica granites are significant carriers of highly incompatible elements and are closely associated with mineralization of the rare metal beryllium. Thus, understanding their origin and evolution is of paramount importance for comprehending the evolution of the continental crust and enrichment processes of beryllium. This study presents zircon U-Pb ages, whole-rock major and trace element compositions, and Nd-Hf-O isotopic data for Early Cretaceous high-silica granite porphyries, monazite U-Pb ages and Nd isotopic data for beryllium-rich quartz veins, and whole-rock and apatite Nd isotopic data for Permian tuffs in the Dongshanwan W-Mo-Be deposit in the southern Great Xing’an Range, northeastern China. Our aim is to elucidate the link between mineralization and magmatism and to further our insight into the processes of crystal-melt separation and the mechanisms driving beryllium enrichment in granitic magmatic systems. Zircon U-Pb dating of the high-silica granite porphyry yields a weighted mean 206Pb/238U age of 141 ± 1 Ma, which is consistent with the age of hydrothermal monazite (ca. 140 Ma) from the beryllium-rich quartz veins. Hydrothermal monazite from the intra-granite porphyry quartz vein has positive εNd(t) values (+0.76 to +1.63) that overlap broadly with whole-rock Nd isotopic compositions of the host granite porphyry [εNd(t) = + 1.24 to +1.61]. These characteristics indicate that the Dongshanwan beryllium mineralization was temporally and genetically associated with magmatic-hydrothermal activity of the Dongshanwan high-silica granite porphyries. Our systematic studies suggest that both the Dongshanwan high-silica granite porphyries and coeval Be-barren high-silica granites in the study area are high-K calc-alkaline I-type granites. They originated from a shared magmatic system and formed by the partial melting of a predominantly juvenile medium- to high-K basaltic crustal source, with a minor addition of old crustal components. Rayleigh fractionation modeling indicates that the granitic magma underwent a two-stage crystal-melt separation process. During the first stage, the fractional crystallization of a large proportion of plagioclase, in which beryllium is compatible, not only effectively inhibited beryllium enrichment in the differentiated melt, but also removed a large amount of Ca. During the second stage, minerals in which beryllium is incompatible dominated the fractionating assemblage owing to the low Ca contents in the magma, resulting in a surge in beryllium concentration in the differentiated melt. Our findings reveal that beryllium cannot be appreciably enriched in calc-alkaline granitic magmatic systems until plagioclase fractionation has substantially removed Ca from the system.
Cognitive impairment and liver fibrosis in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Parikh Neal S , Wahbeh Farah , Tapia Christopher , Ianelli Mallory , Liao Vanessa , Jaywant Abhishek , Kamel Hooman , Kumar Sonal , Iadecola Costantino 
Published: January 2024

BackgroundData regarding the prevalence and phenotype of cognitive impairment in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are limited.ObjectiveWe assessed the prevalence and nature of cognitive deficits in people with NAFLD and assessed whether liver fibrosis, an important determinant of outcomes in NAFLD, is associated with worse cognitive performance.MethodsWe performed a prospective cross-sectional study. Patients with NAFLD underwent liver fibrosis assessment with transient elastography and the following assessments: Cognitive Change Index, Eight-Item Informant Interview to Differentiate Aging and Dementia Questionnaire (AD8), Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), EncephalApp minimal hepatic encephalopathy test and a limited National Institutes of Health Toolbox battery (Flanker Inhibitory Control and Attention Test, Pattern Comparison Test and Auditory Verbal Learning Test). We used multiple linear regression models to examine the association between liver fibrosis and cognitive measures while adjusting for relevant covariates.ResultsWe included 69 participants with mean age 50.4 years (SD 14.4); 62% were women. The median liver stiffness was 5.0 kilopascals (IQR 4.0–6.9), and 25% had liver fibrosis (≥7.0 kilopascals). Cognitive deficits were common in people with NAFLD; 41% had subjective cognitive impairment, 13% had an AD8 >2, 32% had MoCA <26 and 12% had encephalopathy detected on the EncephalApp test. In adjusted models, people with liver fibrosis had modestly worse performance only on the Flanker Inhibitory Control and Attention Task (β=−0.3; 95% CI −0.6 to –0.1).ConclusionCognitive deficits are common in people with NAFLD, among whom liver fibrosis was modestly associated with worse inhibitory control and attention.
Energy drink consumption and sleep parameters in college and university students: a national cross-sectional study
Authors: Kaldenbach Siri , Hysing Mari , Strand Tor A , Sivertsen Børge 
Published: January 2024

ObjectivesTo investigate the frequency of energy drink (ED) consumption, and the association between ED consumption and selected sleep characteristics and parameters in Norwegian college and university students. We also explored whether these associations varied based on sex.DesignCross-sectional.SettingData were gathered from the SHOT2022 study (Students’ Health and Well-being Study), a national survey.Participants53 266 students, aged 18–35 years, enrolled in higher education in Norway (2022).Main outcome measuresEstimated marginal means were computed from general linear models investigating the association between ED consumption and continuous sleep outcomes, while log-link binomial regression analysis was used for dichotomous sleep outcomes of sleep measures. All models were adjusted for age.ResultsAmong the participants, 4.7% of men and 3.3% of women reported consuming ED daily. The frequency of ED consumption was inversely associated with sleep duration and sleep efficiency, while a direct association was observed with the frequency of ED consumption and sleep patterns such as sleep onset latency and wake after sleep onset across sexes. The strongest association was found between daily ED consumption and short sleep duration where men had a risk ratio (RR) of 2.07; 95% CI 1.77 to 2.42, and women had a RR of 1.87; 95% CI 1.64 to 2.14.ConclusionED consumption was a strong determinant for negative sleep outcomes. Even small amounts of ED were associated with poorer sleep outcomes, which warrant more attention towards the consequences of consuming ED among college and university students.
Post-traumatic stress disorders in women victims-survivors of intimate partner violence: a mixed-methods pilot study in a French coordinated structure
Authors: Roland Noemie , Delmas Noëlla , El Khoury Fabienne , Bardou Alice , Yacini Leila , Feldmann Laure , Hatem Ghada , Mahdjoub Sarah , Bardou Marc 
Published: January 2024

ObjectivesThis study aimed to examine the prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in victims-survivors of intimate partner violence (IPV) consulting at the specialised and original facility ‘Maison des Femmes’ (MdF) or in two close municipal health centres (MHCs).DesignA mixed-methods study using a convergent parallel design from July 2020 to June 2021.Setting/participantsA questionnaire was proposed to women aged 18 years and over having suffered from IPV, in the MdF and in two MHCs. We also conducted qualitative interviews with a subsample of the women, asking for victim-survivors’ perceptions of the effect of the MdF’s care.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe presence of a PTSD using the PTSD self-report checklist of symptoms, possibility of reaching women by phone 6 months after the inclusion visit, level of self-rated global health, number of emergency visits in the past 6 months, substances use, readiness to change and safety behaviours.ResultsA total of 67 women (mean age: 34 years (SD=9.7)) responded to our questionnaire. PTSD diagnosis was retained for 40 women (59.7%). Around 30% of participants self-rated their global health as bad. Less than 30% (n=18) of women were regular smokers, and only 7.5% of participants had a problematic alcohol use (Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test-Consumption score ≥4), 19.4% women used psychotropic drugs. Six months after inclusion, half of participants had been reached by phone. Analysis of the qualitative interviews clarified victim-survivors’ perceptions of the MdF’s specific care: social networking, multidisciplinary approach, specialised listening, healthcare facilities, evasion and ‘feeling at home’.ConclusionsThe high prevalence of PTSD at inclusion was nearly the same between the three centres. This mixed-methods comparison will serve as a pilot study for a larger comparative trial to assess the long-term impact of the MdF’s specialised care on victims-survivors’ mental health, compared with the care of uncoordinated structures.Trial registration numberNCT04304469.