bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hydration Structure of the Urea Molecule in Highly Concentrated Aqueous Solutions
Authors: Kameda Yasuo , Naganuma Hisashi , Mochiduki Kazuhide , Imano Masahiro , Usuki Takeshi , Uemura Osamu 
Published: December 2002

Abstract
Neutron diffraction measurements with 14N/15N and H/D isotopic substitution methods have been carried out on aqueous 15 mol% urea solutions, in order to obtain information on the hydration structure of the amino group within the urea molecule in concentrated aqueous solutions. The observed first-order difference function, 0HΔN(Q), and the N–H partial structure factor, aNH(Q), were analyzed by the least squares fitting procedure. The nearest neighbor N···O and N···H distances were obtained to be 2.92(1) Å and 3.42(1) Å, respectively. The average hydration number per one amino group was determined to be 2.0(1). The tilt angle between the N–H···O axis and the molecular plane of the hydrogen bonded water molecule is estimated to be 51(5)°.
Adsorption of Methylene Blue onto Aluminum-Containing Mesoporous Silica Films Prepared by Rapid Solvent Evaporation Method
Authors: Yoshikawa Takahiro , Nakamura Tomoyuki , Kuroda Kazuyuki , Ogawa Makoto 
Published: December 2002

Abstract
The adsorption of methylene blue onto aluminum-containing mesoporous silica films was investigated. The mesoporous silica films were synthesized by rapid solvent evaporation method using tetramethoxysilane, aluminum tri(s-butoxide), and trimethyloctadecylammonium chloride as a silica source, alumina source and supramolecular template, respectively. Methylene blue was adsorbed effectively on the mesoporous silica films from solutions. The adsorbed amount increased with the increase in the aluminum content of the films, indicating that the added aluminum generated the adsorption sites (probably acidic sites) for methylene blue adsorption. The mesopore surface is not strongly acidic because the protonation of methylene blue did not occur. Adsorbed methylene blue exists as monomers in the mesopore. The dehydration of the films resulted in the aggregation of methylene blue, as evidenced by the visible absorption spectra.
Alkoxo-Bridged Dinuclear and Tetranuclear Copper(II) Complexes with Schiff-Bases Derived from Benzoylacetone and 1,n-Diamino-n′-hydroxyalkanes (n, n′ = 3, 2; 4, 2; and 5, 3)
Authors: Mikuriya Masahiro , Minowa Kenichi , Nukada Ryoji 
Published: December 2002

Abstract
Alkoxo-bridged copper(II) complexes with N,N′-bis(1-methyl-3-hydroxy-3-phenyl-2-propen-1-ylidene)-1,3-diamino-2-propanol (H3bzacpro), N,N′-bis(1-methyl-3-hydroxy-3-phenyl-2-propen-1-ylidene)-1,4-diamino-2-butanol (H3bzacbu), and N,N′-bis(1-methyl-3-hydroxy-3-phenyl-2-propen-1-ylidene)-1,5-diamino-3-pentanol (H3bzacpen), [Cu2(bzacpro)(CH3CO2)] (1), [Cu4(bzacpro)2(C2H5O)2] (2), [Cu2(bzacbu)(CH3CO2)] (3), [Cu4(bzacbu)2(CH3O)2] (4), [Cu4(bzacpen)2(CH3CO2)2] (5), and [Cu4(bzacpen)2O]·H2O (6) have been synthesized and characterized by measurements of the infrared and electronic spectra, and the magnetic susceptibilities. Single-crystal X-ray analyses revealed that 1 and 3 are dinuclear copper(II) complexes having a dinuclear core bridged by an alkoxo-oxygen atom of bzacpro or bzacbu and acetato-oxygen atoms, whereas 2, 4, 5, and 6 are tetranuclear copper(II) complexes composed of μ-alkoxo(bzacpro)-μ-ethoxo-, μ-alkoxo(bzacbu)-μ-methoxo-, μ-alkoxo(bzacpen)-μ-acetato-, and μ-alkoxo(bzacpen)-μ-oxo-bridged units, respectively. Magnetic-susceptibility data show that an antiferromagnetic interaction is operative within the dinuclear or tetranuclear core in 1–3, 5 and 6, whereas a ferromagnetic coupling is operative in 4. The crystal structures of the three Schiff-base ligands have also been elucidated.
Polymeric Manganese Carboxylato Compounds [{Mn[m-C6H4(COO)2](C5H5N)2}n] and [{Mn(3-C5H4NCOO)2}n] with One- and Three-Dimensional Extended Structures
Authors: Wang Wenguo , Ma Chengbing , Zhang Xiaofeng , Chen Changneng , Liu Qiutian , Chen Feng , Liao Daizheng , Li Licun 
Published: December 2002

Abstract
Two catena manganese carboxylato complexes [{Mn[m-C6H4(COO)2](C5H5N)2}n] (1) and [{Mn(3-C5H4NCO-O)2}n] (2) were synthesized and structurally characterized. Isophthalate together with pyridine as a capping ligand leads to a 1-D alternating chain structure of complex 1, while 3-pyridinecarboxylate (also known as nicotinate) results in a 3-D network of complex 2, implying an effect of the ligand on the dimensionality of the extended structure. Stretching vibration differences, Δ(νas−νs) &lt; 200 cm−1, for the COO− groups of both complexes were observed to be consistent with the bridging and chelating coordination modes. The variable-temperature conductance of 1 displays a semiconductor feature. Magnetic exchange interactions were analyzed using models composed of Mn2(μ-COO)2 and Mn2(μ-acidate)2 moieties, exhibiting an antiferromagnetic coupling behavior for each complex through Mn2(μ-COO)2 moieties. The magnetic interaction in the Mn2(μ-acidate)2 moieties is negligible.
Highly Selective Luminescence Determination of Terbium at the Sub-ppb Level with Sulfonylcalix[4]arene-p-tetrasulfonate
Authors: Horiuchi Takayuki , Iki Nobuhiko , Oka Hiromi , Miyano Sotaro 
Published: December 2002

Abstract
The energy-transfer luminescence of complexes of Tb3+ with calix- (CAS), thiacalix- (TCAS), and sulfonylcalix[4]arene-p-tetrasulfonates (SO2CAS), in which four p-phenolsulfonates are jointed by –CH2–, –S–, and –SO2–, respectively, was applied to an ultratrace determination of the Tb3+ ion. Based on the complexation behavior of each calix ligand, a determination procedure was established. A time-resolved measurement was conveniently employed to separate the background fluorescence from the luminescence of the calix-Tb3+ complexes. An improved sensitivity was attained by sulfur-bridged calixes, TCAS and SO2CAS, as compared to CAS, owing to the photophysical properties of the Tb3+-complexes. The detection limits for Tb3+ ion by CAS, TCAS, and SO2CAS ligands were estimated to be 8.2×10−10 mol dm−3 (131 ppt), 2.0 × 10−10 mol dm−3 (32 ppt), and 2.3 × 10−10 mol dm−3 (37 ppt) at S/N = 3, respectively. In terms of the selectivity, the effect of diverse coexisting ions on the luminescence intensity of the Tb3+ complexes was studied. The luminescence of the TCAS complex was interfered by the presence of a 5-fold amount of other lanthanide ions, while that of the SO2CAS complex was more tolerant for those metal ions, allowing the presence of as much as 50 to 100-fold amounts. Also, 10 to 1500-fold amounts of other common ions were tolerated by using SO2CAS. Thus, SO2CAS was proved to be a practical reagent for determining the Tb3+ ion at the sub-ppb level.
Preparation and Properties of Tin(IV) Complexes with the Sulfur-Rich Dithiolate C3S5 and C8H4S8 Ligands and Their Oxidation
Authors: Akasaka Tenpei , Nakano Motohiro , Tamura Hatsue , Matsubayashi Gen-etsu 
Published: December 2002

Abstract
[NMe4]2[Sn(C3S5)3], [NBun4]2[Sn(C3S5)3], [NBun4]2[Sn(C8H4S8)3], [NEt4][Sn(Bun)(C8H4S8)2] and [NBun4][Sn(Ph)(C8H4S8)2] [C3S52− = 4,5-disulfanyl-1,3-dithiole-2-thionate(2−) ; C8H4S82− = 2-{(4,5-ethylenedithio)-1,3-dithiole-2-ylidene}-1,3-dithiole-4,5-ditholate(2−)] were prepared by reactions of Na2[C3S5] or Na2[C8H4S8] with SnCl4·5H2O, Sn(Bun)Cl3 and Sn(Ph)Cl3 in EtOH. [NBun4]2[Sn(C8H4S8)3] was oxidized by iodine or TCNQ in DMF/CH2Cl2 to give [Sn(C8H4S8)3], which exhibited an electrical conductivity of 3.2 × 10−2 S cm−1 (compacted pellet at room temperature). [NBun4]2[Sn(C3S5)3], [NEt4][Sn(Bun)(C8H4S8)2] and [NBun4][Sn(Ph)(C8H4S8)2] were oxidized by iodine or TCNQ in acetone or in DMF to afford (C3S5)2 and (C8H4S8)n. Crystal structures of [NMe4]2[Sn(C3S5)3], [NBun4]2[Sn(C3S5)3], [NBun4][Sn(Ph)(C8H4S8)2] and (C3S5)2 were determined by X-ray crystallography.
UV-Visible and 1H NMR Spectroscopic Studies on Direct Chelate Formation between Alkaline Earth Metal Ions and 1-(2-Pyridylazo)-2-naphthol or 2-(5-Bromo-2-pyridylazo)-5-diethylaminophenol in Acetonitrile
Authors: Hojo Masashi , Ueda Tadaharu , Inoue Akihiko 
Published: December 2002

Abstract
In acetonitrile, chelate formation between alkaline earth metal ions and 1-(2-pyridylazo)-2-naphthol (PAN = Hpan) in both the absence and presence of CH3SO3H and 1,1,3,3-tetramethylguanidine (1,1,3,3-TMG) was examined by means of UV-visible absorption and 1H NMR spectroscopy at room temperature. Upon the addition of 0.01 mol dm−3 or more of Mg(ClO4)2 to a 5.0 × 10−4 mol dm−3 PAN–MeCN solution, the solution color turned from yellow to red. The appearance of a new absorption band with two peaks at 500 and 535 nm indicated 1 : 1 chelate formation between Mg2+ and PAN; the equilibrium constant was evaluated to be 2.5 × 10−3 for the following reaction: Hpan + Mg2+ →← Mg(pan)+ + H+. The presence of an equivalent amount of the base, 1,1,3,3-TMG, enhanced the chelate formation reaction, while that of the acid (CH3SO3H) depressed the reaction remarkably. The 1H NMR results verified the above reaction scheme for Mg2+ and PAN. The interaction between the metal ions and PAN in acetonitrile decreased as Mg2+ &gt; Ca2+ ≅ Sr2+ &gt;&gt; Ba2+. In the absence of the base, strange to say, direct chelate formation between Mg2+ and 2-(5-bromo-2-pyridylazo)-5-diethylaminophenol (5-Br-PADAP) was much less than that for PAN; however, conversely, it was greater in the presence of a ten-fold amount of the base. The additional interaction between the second Mg2+ and the N-atom of the diethylamino group in 5-Br-PADAP was concluded to depress the chelate formation of the first Mg2+. The enhancement of the acidity of CH3SO3H (considerably weak acid in MeCN) by the addition of Mg(ClO4)2 inhibited not only the chelation, but also another interaction between Mg2+ and 5-Br-PADAP.
BF3-Promoted Aromatic Substitution of N-Alkyl α-Trifluoromethylated Imine: Facile Synthesis of 1-Aryl-2,2,2-trifluoroethylamines
Authors: Gong Yuefa , Kato Katsuya , Kimoto Hiroshi 
Published: December 2002

Abstract
The aromatic substitution of three representative N-alkyl trifluoromethyl imines 1a–c (R: a, benzyl; b, benzhydryl; c, methyl), obtained from primary alkyl amines and trifluoroacetaldehyde ethyl hemiacetal, was used to investigate the preparation of 1-aryl-2,2,2-trifluoroethylamines. In the presence of BF3·OEt2, the reaction of imine 1 with various aromatic compounds proceeded smoothly at room temperature, giving N-alkyl-1-aryl-2,2,2-trifluoroethylamines in moderate-to-high yields. Moreover, successful regioselective removal of N-benzyl and N-benzhydryl groups was achieved by hydrolysis in hydrochloric acid or by palladium-catalyzed hydrogenolysis.
Preparation of Functionalized Thianthrenes and Their Higher Related Compounds by Photolysis of Benzotrithiole Derivatives
Authors: Kimura Takeshi , Mizusawa Susumu , Yoneshima Akira , Ito Shinya , Tsujimura Kazuhiko , Yamashita Tetsuro , Kawai Yasushi , Ogawa Satoshi , Sato Ryu 
Published: December 2002

Abstract
6,9-Diethyl-1,2,3,4,5-benzopentathiepin (1) and 4,7-diethyl-1,2,3-benzotrithiole (2) were photolyzed by a 100 W high-pressure mercury lamp in dichloromethane under an argon atmosphere. These reactions produced 1,4,6,9-tetraethylthianthrene (3) by way of desulfurization, dimerization, and ring contraction reactions. Application of the photolysis was possible to 4,8-diethylbenzo[1,2-d : 4,5-d′]di[1,2,3]trithiole (6) and 4,7-diethyl-5,6-ethylenedithio-1,2,3-benzotrithiole (7). These reactions provided 1,4,6,9-tetraethyl[4,5-b : 4′,5′-i]di[1,2,3]trithiolothianthrene (8) with two trithiole rings and 1,4,6,9-tetraethyl-2,3 : 7,8-bis(ethylenedithio)thianthrene (10) with two ethylenedithio groups on both sides of thianthrene, respectively. The photolysis of 1,4,6,9-tetraethyl-7,8-bis(octylthio)[1,2,3]trithiolo[4,5-b]thianthrene (12) and 1,4,6,9-tetraethyl-7,8-ethylenedithio[1,2,3]trithiolo[4,5-b]thianthrene (15) gave higher related derivatives of thianthrene, 1,4,6,8,10,13,15,17-octaethyl-2,3,11,12-tetrakis(octylthio)-5,7,9,14,16,18-hexathiaheptacene (14) and 1,4,6,8,10,13,15,17-octaethyl-2,3 : 11,12-bis(ethylenedithio)-5,7,9,14,16,18-hexathiaheptacene (16), respectively. The electrochemical property of each thianthrene derivative was verified by cyclic voltammetry using silver nitrate as a reference electrode.
Synthesis of meso-Substituted Trimethine Cyanine Dyes and Evaluation of Their Sensitivities in Sensitized Photo-Polymerization
Authors: Kimura Masaru , Mitekura Hirofumi , No Tomoko , Suzuki Kazuyoshi 
Published: December 2002

Abstract
In order to evaluate the role of a substituent in sensitivity enhancement of meso-substituted trimethine cyanine dyes as sensitizers for photo-polymerization, we prepared a series of cyanine dyes, 3-ethyl-2-{3-(3-ethyl-3H-2-benzothiazolylidene)-2-[2-(4 or 3-X-phenyl)ethenyl]-1-propenyl} benzothiazolium iodide, 1a–k (a: X = p-NMe2, b: X = p-OMe, c: X = p-CH3, d: X = H, e: X = p-Cl, f: X = p-CF3, g: X = p-CN, h: X = p-NO2, i: X = m-OMe, j: X = m-CH3, k: X = m-Cl). The sensitivity for the photo-polymerization tends to be greater for substituents with greater electron-donating ability. In the series, the sensitivity of dye 1a was 2.1 mJ/cm2 higher than the other sensitivities. The sensitivities of dye 2 having a 2-(9-julolidinyl)ethenyl group was high: 1.5 mJ/cm2 and that of dye 3 having a 2-(9-julolidinyl)-1-methylethenyl group was the highest: 0.7 mJ/cm2, among all dyes tested here.
Preparation, Structure, and Photochemistry of 2-Disilanyl-1,4-benzoquinones
Authors: Tsutsui Shinobu , Sakamoto Kenkichi , Ebata Keisuke , Kabuto Chizuko , Sakurai Hideki 
Published: December 2002

Abstract
We synthesized 5-chloro- and 5-bromo-substituted 2-(pentamethyldisilanyl)-1,4-benzoquinones 1a and 1b, respectively. Their electronic absorption spectra showed significant intramolecular charge-transfer interaction between disilane and 1,4-benzoquinone moieties. The intramolecular σ(SiSi)–π* transition energies of 1a and 1b were lower than that of 2-(pentamethyldisilanyl)-5-t-butyl-1,4-benzoquinone (1c). X-ray crystallographic analysis of chloro-substituted derivative 1a revealed that the angle between the Si–Si bond and the quinone ring was 74° and also that the structure of 1a in the solid state was also advantageous for CT interaction. Photoreaction of 1a and 1b gave α-sila-m-quinonemethide derivatives 3a and 3b, respectively, which were trapped by acetone. Matrix isolation of 3a, 3b, and their 2-methyltetrahydrofuran-complexes were accomplished in glass matrixes.
Intramolecular C=O···B Interactions in o-Boron Substituted Benzaldehyde, Acetophenone, and Benzophenone
Authors: Toyota Shinji , Asakura Mitsuhiro , Sakaue Tatsuya 
Published: December 2002

Abstract
The title carbonyl compounds bearing a 4,4-diphenyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl group at the ortho position were prepared to compare the Lewis basicity of carbonyl-oxygen atoms. In the benzoyl and formyl compounds, the intramolecular C=O···B interactions are so weak that no significant changes were observed in the 13C and 11B NMR and IR spectra compared with the reference compounds. For the acetyl compound, the C=O stretching absorption was shifted to lower wavenumber by 18 cm−1 in the IR spectrum because of the coordination. The interaction energy could be estimated to be ca. 27 kJ mol−1 by the variable temperature 1H NMR measurement. These substituent effects are discussed from the viewpoints of Lewis basicity and the conformational stability of the carbonyl moieties with the assistance of the DFT calculations.
Intramolecular Charge-Transfer Polymers between Dithiafulvene and Pyridinium Units: Conjugative Effect through Saturated Polymethylene Chains
Authors: Naka Kensuke , Uemura Takashi , Chujo Yoshiki 
Published: December 2002

Abstract
New polymers containing an intramolecular charge-transfer (ICT) structure (pyridinium–dithiafulvene–pyridinium) in the main chain were prepared. UV–vis measurements of the polymers suggested that conjugative effects occur through saturated polymethylene chains, and that such effects are enhanced as the length of the spacer polymethylene chain decreases. Polyviologens showed small but similar conjugations in their UV–vis measurements. A PM3 calculation of 1,1′-(1,2-ethanediyl)bis(pyridinium) suggested that low-lying LUMO resulting from an interaction between the σ* of the ethylene unit and π* of the pyridinium moiety affords the conjugative effect. The PM3 calculations and the UV–vis results show that the incorporation of the ICT moiety in the polymeric framework increases the conjugative effect through the polymethylene chains. The redox and conducting properties of the ICT polymers were also investigated. Both studies gave some implications of the conjugative effects of the polymers.
Resolution of Enantiomers Using Sugar-Carrying Polyisocyanides as Chiral Stationary Phases for HPLC
Authors: Tsuchida Akiko , Hasegawa Teruaki , Kobayashi Kazukiyo , Yamamoto Chiyo , Okamoto Yoshio 
Published: December 2002

Abstract
3,5-Dimethylphenylcarbamate derivatives of α-/β-glucose and α-/β-galactose-carrying helical poly(phenyl isocyanide)s were used as chiral stationary phases (CSPs) for HPLC to estimate their chiral recognition abilities. CD spectroscopy suggested that the helix sense in these rigid helical polymers may be regulated by the chirality of the α- or β-anomeric center of the sugar moieties. Some 10 different types of racemates with functional groups were completely or partially resolved depending on the stereostructure of the pendant sugars. The enhanced chiral recognition ability is attributable to the three-dimensionally regulated sugar arrays along the helical backbone; that is, the CSP of the α-glucose-carrying helical poly(phenyl isocyanide) exhibited more effective enantioseparation than that of the corresponding flexible poly(N-phenylacrylamide). The CSPs of the galactose-carrying poly(phenyl isocyanide)s showed the resolving ability for broader racemates than those of the glucose-type poly(phenyl isocyanide)s. Especially, the CSP of the α-galactose-carrying poly(phenyl isocyanide) separated the largest number of racemates.
Triethylborane-Induced Radical Reaction of Alkynylgallium with α-Halo Carbonyl Compounds
Authors: Usugi Shin-ichi , Yorimitsu Hideki , Shinokubo Hiroshi , Oshima Koichiro 
Published: December 2002

Abstract
Treatment of terminal acetylenes with butyllithium, followed by an addition of gallium trichloride, afforded the corresponding alkynylgallium reagents. The reaction of the resulting alkynylgallium with α-halo carbonyl compounds in the presence of triethylborane as a radical initiator provided β,γ-acetylenic carbonyl compounds in good yields.
One-Pot Synthesis of Chiral N-Protected-4-amino Functionalized But-2-enoates from α-Amino Acids Mediated by 1-Hydroxybenzotriazole
Authors: Athanasellis Giorgos , Gavrielatos Efstathios , Igglessi-Markopoulou Olga 
Published: December 2002

Abstract
A novel one-pot synthetic route to 4-acetylamino-2-cyano-3-hydroxybut-2-enoates in good yields (63–71%) is reported. An HPLC analysis of these compounds showed very good enantiomeric excesses (90–94%), justifying the success of our methodology to maintain the stereochemical integrity of the starting materials used.
Cycloaddition of o-Quinodimethanes Generated from 1,2-Bis(bromomethyl)benzenes by Constant-Current Electroreduction
Authors: Kise Naoki , Mimura Ryosuke , Ueda Nasuo 
Published: December 2002

Abstract
The constant-current electroreduction of 1,2-bis(bromomethyl)benzenes with dienophiles in NH4NO3–MeOH gave Diels–Alder cycloadducts in moderate-to-good yields.
Enantio-Differentiating Hydrogenation of 2-Octanone over Modified Nickel Catalysts Prepared by an In Situ Modification
Authors: Osawa Tsutomu , Ozaki Nobuyo , Harada Tadao , Takayasu Osamu 
Published: December 2002

Abstract
The enantio-differentiating hydrogenation of 2-octanone was carried out over a tartaric acid-modified reduced nickel catalyst. It was shown that the in situ modification of the Ni surface was available for the hydrogenation of 2-octanone in the presence of a large amount of pivalic acid in the reaction media. An optical yield of 74% was attained with the in situ modified reduced Ni catalyst.
Controlling the Oxygen-Sensitivity of 1-Pyrenedecanoic Acid Chemisorption Layer onto Anodic Oxidized Aluminium Plate
Authors: Fujiwara Yuki , Amao Yutaka 
Published: December 2002

Abstract
Controlling the oxygen-sensitivity of optical sensor using layers of 1-pyrenedecanoic acid and myristic acid co-chemisorbed onto anodic oxidized aluminium plate was attempted. The oxygen-sensitivity was controlled by varying the molar ratio of myristic acid to 1-pyrenedecanoic acid.
Double Elimination Protocol for Access to Unsymmetrical Di(phenylethynyl)benzenes
Authors: Orita Akihiro , Ye Fangguo , Doumoto Atsushi , Otera Junzo 
Published: December 2002

Abstract
For facile access to phenylene-ethynylenes, a new methodology for construction of unsymmetrically substituted di(phenylethynyl)benzenes has been established by taking advantage of double elimination protocol of α-sulfonyl aldolates.
Unique Three-dimensionally Expanded Nanoporous Structure Constructed with a Cu(I) and cis,cis-1,3,5-Triaminocyclohexane Having a 3-Fold Axial Symmetry
Authors: Arii Hidekazu , Saito Yamato , Funahashi Yasuhiro , Jitsukawa Koichiro , Masuda Hideki 
Published: December 2002

Abstract
Unique supramolecular crystal with a large macrocyclic channel structure has been prepared from the reaction of a [CuI(MeCN)4]SbF6 and cis,cis-1,3,5-triaminocyclohexane with a three-fold axial symmetry, whose channel is constructed from a distorted pseudofive-fold axial symmetric ring with a pore size of 5×12 Å2.
Novel Utilization of Impedance Measurement for Electrochemical Biosensing Aiming at Elimination of Influence by Interference Materials
Authors: Kuwabata Susumu , Hasegawa Hidefumi , Kano Kenji 
Published: December 2002

Abstract
Application of the ac impedance technique to the electrochemical glucose sensing allowed determination of glucose concentration without influence of a serious interference material, ascorbic acid.
Bilirubin Oxidase and [Fe(CN)6]3−/4− Modified Electrode Allowing Diffusion-controlled Reduction of O2 to Water at pH 7.0
Authors: Nakagawa Takaaki , Tsujimura Seiya , Kano Kenji , Ikeda Tokuji 
Published: December 2002

Abstract
An enzyme-modified electrode was prepared producing a diffusion-limited bioelectrocatalytic current for the reduction of O2 to water at neutral pH and at ambient temperature. The electrode used bilirubin oxidase as an enzyme and [Fe(CN)6]3−/4− as a mediator, both of which were immobilized on the surface of a glassy carbon electrode by electrostatic entrapment with poly-l-lysine.
Structural Change of Li1−xNi0.5Mn0.5O2 Cathode Materials for Lithium-ion Batteries by Synchrotron Radiation
Authors: Arachi Yoshinori , Kobayashi Hironori , Emura Shuichi , Nakata Yoshiyuki , Tanaka Minoru , Asai Takeshi 
Published: December 2002

Abstract
Synchrotron X-ray diffraction and XAFS measurement have been employed to investigate structural change and the charging process of a layered LiNi0.5Mn0.5O2 cathode material. The structure of charged Li1−xNi0.5Mn0.5O2 (x=0.5), which corresponds to the composition for showing rechargeable capacity, was determined. The results showed that divalent nickel metal was oxidized to trivalent after charging, in association with the phase transition from hexagonal (R3-m) to monoclinic (C2/m) resulting from the ordering of cations in the layered structure.
Electronic Structure of InTaO4 with Monoclinic Structure
Authors: Matsushima Shigenori , Nakamura Hiroyuki , Arai Masao , Kobayashi Kenkichiro 
Published: December 2002

Abstract
From a first-principles band calculation, InTaO4 is predicted to be an indirect-gap material, because the valence band maximum (VBM) is located in the middle point on the ZD line and the conduction band minimum (CBM) in the middle point on the DX line. The valence band with the width ca. 6.0 eV is mainly constructed from O 2p orbitals hybridized with In4d5s5p and Ta5d orbitals, whereas the lower conduction band is constructed from Ta5d orbitals.