bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lung function in young adulthood in relation to moderate-to-late preterm birth
Authors: Lundberg Björn , Merid Simon Kebede , Um-Bergström Petra , Wang Gang , Bergström Anna , Ekström Sandra , Kull Inger , Melén Erik , Hallberg Jenny 
Published: December 2023

BackgroundModerate-to-late preterm birth (32 to <37 weeks of gestation) has been associated with impaired lung function in adolescence, but data in adulthood and physiological phenotyping beyond spirometry are scarce. We aimed to investigate lung function development from adolescence into young adulthood and to provide physiological phenotyping in individuals born moderate-to-late preterm.MethodsLung function data from individuals born moderate-to-late preterm (n=110) and term (37 to <42 weeks of gestation, n=1895) in the Swedish birth cohort BAMSE were used for analysis and included dynamic spirometry, fractional exhaled nitric oxide and multiple breath nitrogen wash-out. Data from 16- and 24-year follow-ups were analysed using regression models stratified on sex and adjusted for smoking. Data-driven latent class analysis was used to phenotype moderate-to-late preterm individuals at 24 years, and groups were related to background factors.ResultsMales born moderate-to-late preterm had lower forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) at 24 years of age (−0.28 z-score, p=0.045), compared to males born term. In females, no difference was seen at 24 years, partly explained by a significant catch up in FEV1between 16 and 24 years (0.18 z-score, p=0.01). Lung function phenotypes described as “asthma-like”, “dysanapsis-like” and “preterm reference” were identified within the preterm group. Maternal overweight in early pregnancy was associated with “asthma-like” group membership (OR 3.59, p=0.02).ConclusionOur results show impaired FEV1at peak lung function in males born moderate-to-late preterm, while females born moderate-to-late preterm had significant catch up between the ages of 16 and 24 years. Several phenotypes of lung function impairment exist in individuals born moderate-to-late preterm.
Clinical relevance of lung function trajectory clusters in middle-aged and older adults
Authors: Bertels Xander , Ross James C. , Faner Rosa , Cho Michael H. , Ikram M. Arfan , Brusselle Guy G. , Lahousse Lies 
Published: December 2023

BackgroundThe determinants and health outcomes of lung function trajectories in adults among the general population are poorly understood. We aimed to identify and characterise clusters of lung function trajectories in adults aged ≥45 years.MethodsGaussian finite-mixture modelling was applied to baseline and annualised change of forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC) and FEV1/FVC ratio z-scores in participants of the Rotterdam Study, a prospective population-based cohort study, with repeated spirometry (n=3884; mean±sdage 64.7±8.9 years). Longitudinal outcomes were all-cause mortality, respiratory outcomes (symptoms, COPD (FEV1/FVC <0.7 in absence of asthma), preserved ratio impaired spirometry (PRISm; FEV1/FVC ≥0.7 and FEV1or FVC <80%)), smoking cessation and weight changes. Independent risk factors, including genetics, were identified by multiple logistic regression.ResultsWe identified eight trajectory clusters, with the reference group having persistently normal spirometry (prevalence 42.8%). Three clusters showed higher mortality, adjusted for confounders: 1) the persistently low FEV1cluster (prevalence 6.8%, hazard ratio (HR) 1.71, 95% CI 1.37–2.13); 2) rapid FEV1decliners (prevalence 4.6%, HR 1.48, 95% CI 1.10–1.99); and 3) FVC decliners (prevalence 3.7%, HR 1.49, 95% CI 1.09–2.03). In contrast, FVC improvers (prevalence 6.7%, HR 0.61, 95% CI 0.41–0.90) and persistently high FEV1(prevalence 29.2%, HR 0.82, 95% CI 0.69–0.98) were protective trajectory clusters. Clusters were characterised by differences in genetic predisposition (polygenic scores of FEV1and FEV1/FVC), demographics, cigarette smoking, respiratory symptoms (chronic cough, wheezing and dyspnoea), cardiovascular factors (body mass index, hypertension and heart failure) and serum C-reactive protein levels. Frailty, weight changes and the development of respiratory symptoms, COPD and PRISm were significantly associated with trajectory clusters.ConclusionsThis study reveals clinically relevant lung function trajectory clusters in older adults of the general population.
A review on selenium and gold nanoparticles combined photodynamic and photothermal prostate cancer tumors ablation
Authors: Omiyale Olumakinde Charles , Musa Mariama , Otuyalo Adewunmi Ifeoluwa , Gbayisomore Tolulope Judah , Onikeku Damilola Zainab , George Solomon Damilare , Popoola Possible Okikiola , Olofin Olabimpe Oluwatoyin , Umunnam Kelechi Franklin , Nneji Patricia Okwuchi , Adnan Musa , Ogunjobi Taiwo Temitope 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe acceptance of nanoparticle technology in the quest for cancer treatment is due to its many potentials and possibilities of filling in the gaps in the limitations of the current treatment modalities. Insights into the possibilities of getting even more from this technology, as well as the synergistic properties of photothermal therapy (PTT) and photodynamic therapy (PDT)—the use of reactive oxygen species (ROS)—can also be exploited in the ablation of prostate cancer tumors. Therefore, the combination of gold and selenium photoactive nanoparticles as platforms for drug delivery via PTT/PDT in prostate cancer therapy, with a specific emphasis on the 'micro-carrier' based approach, was discussed and explored in this review under relevant subtopics ranging from understanding the complex chemistry and biology of the pharmacologically active Se/Au-containing agents to giving a thorough knowledge of these therapeutic agents' potential as a targeted and successful treatment strategy for prostate cancer by investigating the complex mechanisms behind their delivery, activation, and synergistic effects. Furthermore, this article presents a comprehensive overview of the current research environment, problems encountered, and future perspectives in the continuous war against prostate cancer.
Attention-based neural networks for clinical prediction modelling on electronic health records
Authors: Fridgeirsson Egill A. , Sontag David , Rijnbeek Peter 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background
Deep learning models have had a lot of success in various fields. However, on structured data they have struggled. Here we apply four state-of-the-art supervised deep learning models using the attention mechanism and compare against logistic regression and XGBoost using discrimination, calibration and clinical utility.

Methods
We develop the models using a general practitioners database. We implement a recurrent neural network, a transformer with and without reverse distillation and a graph neural network. We measure discrimination using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and the area under the precision recall curve (AUPRC). We assess smooth calibration using restricted cubic splines and clinical utility with decision curve analysis.

Results
Our results show that deep learning approaches can improve discrimination up to 2.5% points AUC and 7.4% points AUPRC. However, on average the baselines are competitive. Most models are similarly calibrated as the baselines except for the graph neural network. The transformer using reverse distillation shows the best performance in clinical utility on two out of three prediction problems over most of the prediction thresholds.

Conclusion
In this study, we evaluated various approaches in supervised learning using neural networks and attention. Here we do a rigorous comparison, not only looking at discrimination but also calibration and clinical utility. There is value in using deep learning models on electronic health record data since it can improve discrimination and clinical utility while providing good calibration. However, good baseline methods are still competitive.
Trigeminal neuralgia caused by a persistent primitive trigeminal artery variant passing through Meckel’s cavity: a case report
Authors: Zhu Zhengyan , Zhang Zhenpan , Liang Risheng 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background
Persistent primitive trigeminal artery variant (PPTAv) is a rare remnant of the primitive intracranial embryonic anastomotic arteries, and its persistence has an unknown etiology. Trigeminal neuralgia attributed to a PPTAv passing through Meckel’s cavity is extremely uncommon.

Case presentation
A 73-year-old woman presented with right-sided facial pain for 10 years that had failed to respond to medication. Magnetic resonance angiography suggested the presence of a PPTAv compressing the trigeminal nerve, as the abnormal artery originated from the right internal carotid artery. During microvascular decompression (MVD), the offending vessel was inferred to be a PPTAv, as it continued to become the anterior inferior cerebellar artery after passing through Meckel’s cavity. Postoperative computed tomography angiography showed the PPTAv continuing posteriorly as the anterior inferior cerebellar artery and supplying the cerebellar hemisphere, which confirmed the intraoperative judgment. The pain resolved after MVD and has not recurred in 12 months of follow-up.

Conclusion
MVD is the best surgical choice for trigeminal neuralgia combined with a PPTAv. For patients with neurovascular conflicts, particularly those with suspected vascular variations, preoperative imaging examinations play a critical role in meticulously evaluating the anatomical locations of the nerves and blood vessels. Semilunar puncture (for radiofrequency ablation or percutaneous balloon compression) is contraindicated in patients with a PPTAv.
How co-locating public mental health interventions in community settings impacts mental health and health inequalities: a multi-site realist evaluation
Authors: Baskin Cleo , Duncan Fiona , Adams Emma A. , Oliver Emily J. , Samuel Gillian , Gnani Shamini 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background
Public mental health interventions are non-clinical services that aim to promote wellbeing and prevent mental ill health at the population level. In England, the health, social and community system is characterised by complex and fragmented inter-sectoral relationships. To overcome this, there has been an expansion in co-locating public mental health services within clinical settings, the focus of prior research. This study evaluates how co-location in community-based settings can support adult mental health and reduce health inequalities.

Methods
A qualitative multi-site case study design using a realist evaluation approach was employed. Data collection took place in three phases: theory gleaning, parallel testing and refining of theories, and theory consolidation. We collected data from service users (n = 32), service providers (n = 32), funders, commissioners, and policy makers (n = 11), and members of the public (n = 10). We conducted in-depth interviews (n = 65) and four focus group discussions (n = 20) at six case study sites across England, UK, and two online multi-stakeholder workshops (n = 20). Interview guides followed realist-informed open-ended questions, adapted for each phase. The realist analysis used an iterative, inductive, and deductive data analysis approach to identify the underlying mechanisms for how community co-location affects public mental health outcomes, who this works best for, and understand the contexts in which co-location operates.

Results
Five overarching co-location theories were elicited and supported. Co-located services: (1) improved provision of holistic and person-centred support; (2) reduced stigma by creating non-judgemental environments that were not associated with clinical or mental health services; (3) delivered services in psychologically safe environments by creating a culture of empathy, friendliness and trust where people felt they were being treated with dignity and respect; (4) helped to overcome barriers to accessibility by making service access less costly and more time efficient, and (5) enhance the sustainability of services through better pooling of resources.

Conclusion
Co-locating public mental health services within communities impacts multiple social determinants of poor mental health. It has a role in reducing mental health inequalities by helping those least likely to access services. Operating practices that engender inter-service trust and resource-sharing are likely to support sustainability.
Individual and community level factors associated with modern contraceptive utilization among married women in the emerging region of Ethiopia: a multilevel mixed effects analysis of the 2019 Ethiopia Mini-Demographic and health survey
Authors: Kebede Natnael , Kefale Bereket , Yigezu Muluken , Bogale Eyob Ketema , Zewdie Amare , Wasihun Yitbarek , Adane Metadel 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background
A demonstrated technique to enhance reproductive health and economic progress is through ensuring that family planning services are accessible universally. Those studies that used Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS) data did not assess individual and community-level factors in contraceptive utilization. Thus, the study employs a multilevel mixed effects analysis approach, which allows for the examination of individual and community-level factors that influence contraceptive utilization.

Methods
This study analyzed the 2019 Ethiopia Min Demographic and Health Survey datasets. A total of 1916 married women in the 2019 surveys were included in the analysis. The data were analyzed using Stata version 17.0. The data were analyzed using Multi-level mixed-effect logistic regression to identify the individual and community-level factors associated with modern contraceptive utilization. An adjusted odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval was used to.
Show the strength and direction of the association and statistical significance was declared at a P value less than 0.05.

Results
Factors significantly associated with modern contraceptive utilization were; Muslim and protestant followers [AOR = 0.31, 95% CI: (0.134, 0.714)] and [AOR = 0.35, 95% CI: (0.173, 0.691)] respectively, women with no education (OR = 0.46; 95% CI: 0.293, 0.710), those women who belong to the poor and middle wealth of household [AOR = 0.35, 95% CI: (0.237, 0.527)] and [AOR = 0.56, 95% CI: (0.347, 0.919)] respectively, women who had one to five and greater than or equal to six living children [AOR = 11.36, 95% CI:(2.119, 60.918)] and [AOR = 7.44, 95% CI:(1.437, 38.547)]respectively, Women in clusters poor wealth status [AOR = 0.40, 95% CI: (0.183, 0.875)] and women who belong to the Somali region [AOR = 0.20, 95% CI: (0.0.070, 0.506)].

Conclusion
The study revealed that both individual and community-level factors determined modern contraceptive utilization. At the individual level, the religion of women, educational status, the wealth of the household, and the total number of living children were significantly associated with modern contraceptive utilization. At community-level factors, community wealth status and belonging to the Somali region were significantly associated with modern contraceptive utilization. The findings suggest that interventions aimed at increasing modern contraceptive utilization should target women with lower levels of education, those living in households with lower wealth, and those with larger families. Additionally, efforts should be made to improve access to modern contraceptives in communities with lower wealth status and in regions where traditional beliefs may hinder their use.
Lost in the loop - a qualitative study on patient experiences of care in standardized cancer patient pathways
Authors: Solberg Monica , Berg Geir Vegard , Andreassen Hege Kristin 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background
The Norwegian health authorities introduced standardized cancer patient pathways (CPPs) in 2015, aiming to reduce practice variations across hospitals and regions, and improve the continuity, coordination and overall quality of the health care service provided to cancer patients. There has been few studies investigating this change, and that have looked into the organisational and economic benefits of standardized pathways, however the element of care and the patient perspective has been especially neglected. This study explored the care element in cancer patient pathways through an in-depth study of patient experiences.

Methods
The patients were enrolled approximately three years after the introduction of standardized CPPs in Norway. Through a qualitative design with in-depth interviews, a total of 21 interviews were conducted with seven patients between 2018 and 2020. The first interview took place after the diagnosis was established and before treatment, the second interview during treatment, and the final interview approximately one year after the completion of active treatment. The empirical catchment area was eastern Norway. Data were analysed using a theoretical thematic analysis.

Results
This study sheds light on the complex challenges patients’ faces, while navigating CPPs, including the need for better transition support, improved coordination and continuity in care, and a more holistic approach that encompasses emotional well-being and family support. Three overarching themes were identified: [1] Navigating CPPs: patient care and transition challenges, [2] Fragmented cancer care: challenges in coordination and continuity [3] Unmet needs and overlooked opportunities in CPPs.

Conclusions
Patients experience that cancer patient pathways offer good medical treatment, but that the care element deserves more attention. Current CPPs are trapped in a logic of choice, preventing room for the element of care to receive the attention it requires for the patient to truly experience holistic person-centred care and continuous, well-coordinated services. Based in our study we argue there is a need to look into the missed opportunities for using the CPPs as points of departure for more holistic collaborative models for cancer care.
Tumor-targeting hydroxyapatite nanoparticles for remodeling tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) by activating mitoDNA-pyroptosis pathway in cancer
Authors: Yang Yuxuan , Yang Jia , Zhu Nan , Qiu Haosen , Feng Wenxiang , Chen Ying , Chen Xinhua , Chen Yuehong , Zheng Wenbo , Liang Min , Lin Tian , Yu Jiang , Guo Zhaoze 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn recent years, immunotherapy has emerged as a promising strategy for treating solid tumors, although its efficacy remains limited to a subset of patients. Transforming non-responsive “cold” tumor types into immuno-responsive “hot” ones is critical to enhance the efficacy of immune-based cancer treatments. Pyroptosis, a programmed cell death mechanism, not only effectively eliminates tumor cells but also triggers a potent inflammatory response to initiate anti-tumor immune activities. This sheds light on the potential of pyroptosis to sensitize tumors to immune therapy. Hence, it is urgent to explore and develop novel treatments (e.g., nanomedicines) which are capable of inducing pyroptosis. In this study, we constructed tumor-targeting nanoparticles (CS-HAP@ATO NPs) by loading atorvastatin (ATO) onto chondroitin sulfate (CS) modified hydroxyapatite (HAP) nanoparticles (CS-HAP). CS was strategically employed to target tumor cells, while HAP exhibited the capacity to release calcium ions (Ca2+) in response to the tumor microenvironment. Moreover, ATO disrupted the mitochondrial function, leading to intracellular energy depletion and consequential changes in mitochondrial membrane permeability, followed by the influx of Ca2+ into the cytoplasm and mitochondria. CS and HAP synergetically augmented mitochondrial calcium overload, inciting the production of substantial amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the subsequent liberation of oxidized mitochondrial DNA (OX-mitoDNA). This intricate activation process promoted the assembly of inflammasomes, most notably the NLRP3 inflammasome, followed by triggering caspase-1 activation. The activated caspase-1 was able to induce gasderminD (GSDMD) protein cleavage and present the GSDM-N domain, which interacted with phospholipids in the cell membrane. Then, the cell membrane permeability was raised, cellular swelling was observed, and abundant cell contents and inflammatory mediators were released. Ultimately, this orchestrated sequence of events served to enhance the anti-tumor immunoresponse within the organism.
Effectiveness of a digital rehabilitation program based on computer vision and augmented reality for isolated meniscus injury: protocol for a prospective randomized controlled trial
Authors: Wang Li , Chen Xi , Deng Qian , You MingKe , Xu Yang , Liu Di , Lin Ye , Li PengCheng , Li Jian 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background
The lack of access to physical therapists in developing countries and rural areas poses a significant challenge in supervising postsurgical rehabilitation, potentially impeding desirable outcomes following surgical interventions. For this reason, this study aims to evaluate the feasibility, safety, and effectiveness of utilizing a digital rehabilitation program based on computer vision and augmented reality in comparison with traditional care for patients who will undergo isolated meniscus repair, since to date, there is no literature on this topic.

Methods
This study intends to enroll two groups of participants, each to be provided with informed consent before undergoing randomization into either the experimental or control group. The experimental group will undergo a digital rehabilitation program utilizing computer vision and augmented reality (AR) technology following their surgical procedure, while the control group will receive conventional care, involving in-clinic physical therapy sessions weekly. Both groups will adhere to a standardized rehabilitation protocol over a six-month duration. Follow-up assessments will be conducted at various intervals, including preoperatively, and at 2 weeks, 6 weeks, 12 weeks, and 24 weeks postoperatively. Imaging assessments and return-to-play evaluations will be conducted during the final follow-up. Clinical functionality will be assessed based on improvements in International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) and Visual Analog Scale (VAS) scores.

Registration number
ChiCTR2300070582.