bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microvascular Retractor: A New Concept of Retracting and Repositioning Cerebral Blood Vessels
Authors: Youssef A. Samy , van Loveren Harry R. 
Published: July 2005

Abstract

OBJECTIVE:
In this technical note, we report our results with a newly designed retractor blade that can be directly applied for the retraction and repositioning of cerebral blood vessels and delicate neural structures.

METHODS:
This new malleable retractor with a semicircular tip was designed to fit in the flexible arms of a self-retaining retractor system. After prototype evaluation and optimization in laboratory studies, we used the new retractor in 15 patients during surgical procedures that included retraction of the internal carotid artery during aneurysm clipping, expansion of the surgical window, and transposition of cranial nerves.

RESULTS:
No intraoperative injuries occurred to neurovascular structures. The retractor blade remained stable on pulsating vessels during the procedure and largely preserved the vessel diameter.

CONCLUSION:
The new retractor incorporates the existing advantages offered by flexible self-retaining retractor blades with those features that adapt to blood vessel retraction. Rather than concentrating force at one point as typical retractors do, the semicircular tip distributes the retraction force over multiple points along its circumference.
JCAMP-DX: A Standard Form for Exchange of Infrared Spectra in Computer Readable Form
Authors: McDonald Robert S. , Wilks Paul A. 
Published: July 2005

JCAMP-DX is a standard file form for exchange of infrared spectra and related chemical and physical information between spectrometer data systems of different manufacture, main-frame time-sharing systems, general purpose lab computers, and personal computers. It is compatible with all media: telephone, magnetic and optical disk, magnetic tape, and even the printed page (via optical reader). All data are stored as labeled fields of variable length using printable ASCII characters. A JCAMP-DX spectrum is a text file which can be viewed, corrected, and annotated with a text editor. The present focus is on infrared spectra, but JCAMP-DX can easily accommodate Raman, UV, NMR, mass, and other types of spectra, x-ray powder patterns, chromatograms, thermograms, and other plots which require the capability of representing contours as well as peak position and intensity. JCAMP-DX also provides for combining adequate information about the sample and method of observation with its spectrum.
Gate Dielectrics for Organic Field‐Effect Transistors: New Opportunities for Organic Electronics
Authors: Facchetti A. , Yoon M.‐H. , Marks T. J. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractIn this contribution we review the motivations for, and recent advances in, new gate dielectric materials for incorporation into organic thin‐film transistors (OTFTs) for organic electronics. After a general introduction to OTFT materials, operating principles, and processing requirements for optimizing low‐cost organic electronics, this review focuses on three classes of OTFT‐compatible dielectrics: i) inorganic (high‐k) materials; ii) polymeric materials; and iii) self‐assembled mono‐ and/multilayer materials. The principal goals in this active research area are tunable and reduced OTFT operating voltages, leading to decreased device power consumption while providing excellent dielectric/insulator properties and efficient low‐cost solution‐phase processing characteristics.
Electroactive Luminescent Self‐Assembled Bio‐organic Nanowires: Integration of Semiconducting Oligoelectrolytes within Amyloidogenic Proteins (Adv. Mater. 2005, 12, 1466)
Authors: Herland A. , Björk P. , Nilsson K. P. R. , Olsson J. D. M. , Åsberg P. , Konradsson P. , Hammarström P. , Inganäs O. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractTo view the original paper use http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adma.200500183.
Inheritance pattern of Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome is heterogeneous in 291 families with an affected proband
Authors: Wangler Michael F. , An Ping , Feinberg Andrew P. , Province Michael , DeBaun Michael R. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractBeckwith–Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) is congenital disorder whose molecular etiology is related to genetic and epigenetic mutations on 11p15. The majority of cases of BWS are sporadic, but a substantial proportion are familial, with an unknown inheritance pattern, although autosomal dominant and sex‐dependent inheritance have been proposed. We tested the hypothesis that in familial BWS, autosomal dominant inheritance is the primary mode of transmission underlying familial instances. Segregation analysis was performed in 291 families ascertained with an affected child. Individuals were considered to have BWS if they had two of five major features: macroglossia, macrosomia, hypoglycemia at birth, abdominal wall defect, and ear pits or creases. Models of inheritance were tested using pedigree analysis package (PAP) parameterized for a discrete trait. A total of 291 families of an affected proband were included in the study. The analysis was based on a revised general model that included a boundary solution. Sporadic and environmental models were rejected. Overall, the results suggested Mendelian inheritance but under recessive or additive mode of inheritance, which fit the data equally well rather than dominant inheritance. However, the presence of families in the cohort consistent with dominant and sex‐dependent inheritance suggest familial BWS may be a heterogeneous group comprised of different inheritance patterns. Familial BWS does not appear to be consistent with autosomal dominant transmission, and is likely a complex mixture of different inheritance patterns. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cardiofaciocutaneous syndrome (CFC) with congenital peripheral neuropathy and nonorganic malnutrition: An autopsy study
Authors: Manci Elizabeth A. , Martinez Jose E. , Horenstein Marcelo G. , Gardner Todd M. , Ahmed Arsalan , Mancao Mary C. , Gremse David A. , Gardner David M. , Nimityongskul Prasit , Maertens Paul , Riddick Leroy , Kavamura Maria I. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractMany phenotypic manifestations have been reported in cardiofaciocutaneous (CFC) syndrome, but none, to date, are pathognomonic or obligatory. Previous histopathological studies reported findings in skin and hair; no autopsy studies have been published. We report the clinical and autopsy findings of a 7‐year‐old boy with severe CFC syndrome and malnutrition of psychosocial origin. Manifestations of CFC, reported previously, included macrocephaly and macrosomia at birth; short stature; hypotonia; global developmental delays; dry, sparse thin curly hair; sparse eyebrows and eyelashes; dilated cerebral ventricles; high cranial vault; bitemporal constriction; supraorbital ridge hypoplasia; hypertelorism; ptosis; exophthalmos; depressed nasal bridge; anteverted nostrils; low‐set, posteriorly‐rotated, large, thick ears; decayed, dysplastic teeth; strabismus; hyperelastic skin; wrinkled palms; keratosis pilaris atrophicans faciei; ulerythema ophryogenes; hyperkeratosis; gastroesophageal reflux; and tracheobronchomalacia. Additional findings, not previously reported, include islet cell hyperplasia, lymphoid depletion, thymic atrophy and congenital hypertrophy of peripheral nerves with onion bulb formations. Although the islet cell hyperplasia, lymphoid depletion, and thymic atrophy are nonspecific findings that may be associated with either CFC or malnutrition, the onion bulb hypertrophy is specific for a demyelinating–remyelinating neuropathy. These findings implicate congenital peripheral neuropathy in the pathogenesis of the developmental delays, feeding difficulties, respiratory difficulties, ptosis and short stature in this case. Additional studies of other cases of CFC are needed. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Epidemiologic characteristics of anophthalmia and bilateral microphthalmia among 2.5 million births in California, 1989–1997
Authors: Shaw Gary M. , Carmichael Suzan L. , Yang Wei , Harris John A. , Finnell Richard H. , Lammer Edward J. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractThere is a paucity of epidemiologic information about the eye malformations anophthalmia and microphthalmia. Using data from a large population‐based registry, we explored prevalences and maternal/infant characteristics associated with anophthalmia and bilateral microphthalmia. Data were derived from the California Birth Defects Monitoring Program, a population‐based active surveillance system for collecting information on infants and fetuses with congenital malformations using multiple source ascertainment. Approximately 2.5 million births (liveborn and stillborn) occurred during the ascertainment period, 1989–1997. Information on maternal and infant/fetal characteristics was obtained from California birth certificate and fetal death files. The prevalence per 10,000 livebirths and stillbirths for anophthalmia was 0.18 and for bilateral microphthalmia was 0.22. These estimates reflect prevalences among births without chromosomal anomalies. Relative risks of anophthalmia were modestly higher among women aged 40 or more (relative risk = 2.0, 95% confidence interval 0.5–8.6). Risks were substantially lower for those mothers with >12 years of education, even after adjusting for other study factors, relative risk = 0.6 (0.2–1.7). The risk of anophthalmia was approximately twofold among multiple births compared to singletons. Similar to results for anophthalmia, decreased risks for bilateral microphthalmia were observed for maternal education of 12 years or more and increased risks observed for multiple births. These data show descriptive epidemiologic features of anophthalmia and bilateral microphthalmia. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Growth hormone benefits children with 18q deletions
Authors: Cody Jannine D. , Semrud‐Clikeman Margaret , Hardies L. Jean , Lancaster Jack , Ghidoni Patricia D. , Schaub Rebecca L. , Thompson Nora M. , Wells Lynda , Cornell John E. , Love Tanzy M. , Fox Peter T. , Leach Robin J. , Kaye Celia I. , Hale Daniel E. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractMost individuals with constitutional deletions of chromosome 18q have developmental delays, dysmyelination of the brain, and growth failure due to growth hormone deficiency. We monitored the effects of growth hormone treatment by evaluating 23 individuals for changes in growth, nonverbal intelligence quotient (nIQ), and quantitative brain MRI changes. Over an average of 37 months, the treated group of 13 children had an average nIQ increase of 17 points, an increase in height standard deviation score of 1.7, and significant change in T1 relaxation times in the caudate and frontal white matter. Cognitive changes of this magnitude are clinically significant and are anticipated to have an effect on the long‐term outcomes for the treated individuals. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Microdeletion in the SHOX 3′ region associated with skeletal phenotypes of Langer mesomelic dysplasia in a 45,X/46,X,r(X) infant and Leri–Weill dyschondrosteosis in her 46,XX mother: Implication for the SHOX enhancer
Authors: Fukami Maki , Okuyama Torayuki , Yamamori Shunji , Nishimura Gen , Ogata Tsutomu 
Published: July 2005

AbstractIt is known that SHOX nullizygosity results in Langer mesomelic dysplasia (LMD) and SHOX haploinsufficiency leads to Leri–Weill dyschondrosteosis (LWDC). Here, we report on a microdeletion in the SHOX 3′ region identified in a Japanese infant with LMD‐compatible skeletal features and a 45,X[191]/46,X,r(X)(p22.3q24)[9] karyotype and in her mother with LWDC‐compatible skeletal features and a normal 46,XX karyotype. Physical and auxological examinations revealed mesomelic appearance, ulnarly deviated hands, and borderline micrognathia in the infant, and relatively short forearms and lower legs in the mother. Radiological studies indicated mesomelia, markedly curved radii, hypoplastic ulnas and fibulas, and metaphyseal splaying in the infant, and borderline to mild curvature of the radii, decreased carpal angles, and high‐normal triangularization index in the mother. Cytogenetic and molecular studies showed that the ring X chromosome of the infant was missing SHOX and of paternal origin, whereas the cytogenetically normal X chromosomes of the infant and one of the two X chromosomes of the mother, though they retained SHOX with normal coding sequences, had a microdeletion in the SHOX 3′ region. The microdeletion started from a position ∼200 kb from SHOX coding sequences, and spanned 240–350 kb in physical length involving DXYS233. The results, in conjunction with those reported by Flanagan et al. [2002], suggest that a cis‐acting enhancer exists in the SHOX 3′ region around DXYS233. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Plantar lipomatosis, unusual facies, and developmental delay: Confirmation of Pierpont syndrome
Authors: Oudesluijs Grétel G. , Hordijk Roel , Boon Maartje , Sijens Paul E. , Hennekam Raoul C.M. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractIn 1998, Pierpont et al. reported on two unrelated boys with plantar lipomatosis, unusual facial phenotype, and developmental delay as a possible new MR/MCA syndrome. Here we report on a 2‐year‐old boy with similar manifestations: axial hypotonia in the first few months, prolonged feeding problems, moderate developmental delay, no speech development, deep palmar and plantar grooves, fat pads at the anteromedial aspect of the heels, and a distinct facial phenotype (high forehead, high anterior hairline, mild midfacial hypoplasia, remarkably narrow and upward slanted palpebral fissures, broad nasal ridge and tip, broad philtrum, bowed upper lip, “pouting” lower lip, full cheeks, and flat occiput). Brain MRI and MR spectroscopy studies showed relatively small frontal lobes, some widening of the lateral and third ventricles, and increased choline levels in the frontal white matter. Cytogenetic studies in lymphocytes and skin fibroblasts and whole genome micro‐array CGH failed to show abnormalities. The present patient has a phenotype almost identical to that of the earlier reported children (Pierpont et al. [1998]: Am J Med Genet 75:18–21), which thereby validates this as a separate MR/MCA syndrome, appropriately designated Pierpont syndrome. The cause of the entity remains uncertain, the most likely etiologies being X‐linked recessive or autosomal dominant genes. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Metathesereaktionen in der Totalsynthese
Authors: Nicolaou K. C. , Bulger Paul G. , Sarlah David 
Published: July 2005

AbstractMit Ausnahme der palladiumkatalysierten Kreuzkupplungsreaktionen hatte im vergangenen Vierteljahrhundert keine Reaktionsklasse einen derart weitreichenden Einfluss auf die Kohlenstoff‐Kohlenstoff‐Verknüpfung und die Totalsynthese wie die Metathesereaktionen von Olefinen, Eninen, und Alkinen. In diesem Aufsatz präsentieren wir Glanzlichter aus einer Reihe ausgewählter Totalsynthesen, in denen diese eleganten und effizienten Reaktionen entscheidend zum Erfolg beigetragen haben. Schon an ihrer kurzen, aber beeindruckenden Geschichte kann man ablesen, dass die Bedeutung dieser Reaktionen für die chemische Synthese weiter zunehmen wird.
Structural changes in the melt spinning, cold drawing, and annealing of poly(4‐methylpentene‐1) fibers
Authors: Choi Cheol‐Ho , White James L. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractIsotactic poly(4‐methylpentene‐1) melt‐spun fibers were investigated. Prior investigators of melt‐spun fibers found that these fibers have a tetragonal unit cell (Form I). We obtained the same unit cell structure in melt‐spun fibers. We found that higher draw‐down‐ratio fibers had d‐spacings closer to the previously cited values of Form I. We also found that cold‐drawn fibers had similar values to those of melt‐spun fibers. However, after these were annealed at 200°C, the unit cell was changed. It is possible that this new unit cell was the orthorhombic form of He and Porter. We also observed the birefringence of these fibers. The values changed after the melt‐spun fibers were cold drawn and annealed. The melt‐spun fiber values reached 0.006. The values for the drawn fibers were as high as 0.007. We suggest that the intrinsic birefringence is about 0.0075. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 98: 130–137, 2005
Transparent chiral polymers for optical applications
Authors: Pujari N. S. , Kulkarni M. R. , Large M. C. J. , Bassett I. M. , Ponrathnam S. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractOptically active chiral polymers and copolymers of cholesteryl methacrylate have been studied for use in optical applications including plastic optical fibers. Homopolymers of chiral cholesteryl methacrylate with differing molecular weights and copolymers with methyl methacrylate were synthesized by free‐radical copolymerization in tetrahydrofuran using azobisisobutyronitrile at 67°C for 26 h. All polymers were characterized for molecular weight, glass‐transition temperature, optical rotation, transparency, and refractive index and solution blended to test for compatibility with poly(methyl methacrylate). Such chiral materials are of particular interest because they offer useful polarization properties without requiring bulk orientation of the molecules. This makes it possible to produce low cost optical elements such as circularly birefringent or circularly polarizing optical elements with potential applications in polarization manipulations and sensing. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 98: 58–65, 2005
Catalytic effects of selected transition metal ions in the synthesis of lignosulfonic acid doped polyaniline
Authors: Bourdo S. E. , Berry B. C. , Viswanathan T. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractLignosulfonic acid doped polyaniline (LIGNO‐PANI) is a water‐dispersible conducting polymer. The incorporation of dopants to achieve higher conductivities in addition to lignosulfonates during the polymerization process results in prohibitively long initiation times. A variety of transition metal ions including silver and ferrous ions were studied as potential catalysts for the reaction. Silver nitrate was found to have superior catalytic properties followed closely by ferrous sulfate heptahydrate. The effects of these ions on the synthesis of LIGNO‐PANI with methanesulfonic acid (HMSA) as an additional dopant (MSA‐LP) and on the synthesis of MSA‐PANI were studied via potential profile monitoring. The LIGNO‐PANI derivatives produced by the catalyzed reaction demonstrated no negative effects on the conductivity (10–15 S/cm) or dispersibility. In addition, residual metal analysis indicated that, although not much iron remained (<0.01%) in the product, a large amount of silver was present (1.8%) in the final product. X‐ray diffraction analysis was used to determine the identity of the silver containing moieties in the products. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 98: 29–33, 2005
Synthesis and magnetic properties of novel poly(N‐2‐thiazolyl(meth)acrylamide)‐Fe(II) complexes
Authors: Zheng Ping , Jiang Liming , Sun Weilin , Shen Zhiquan 
Published: July 2005

AbstractN‐2‐thiazolyl(meth)acrylamides were polymerized by a radical route to obtain polymers in good yields. The polymers, with a pendent heterocyclic group, are soluble in common organic solvents, which allow the corresponding metal complexes with higher loads to be prepared easily. FTIR, 1H NMR, and energy‐dispersive X‐Ray spectroscopy (EDX) were applied to characterize these materials. The magnetic behavior of poly(N‐2‐thiazolyl(meth)acrylamide)‐Fe(II) complexes was examined as a function of applied magnetic field at 4 K and as a function of temperature (4 ∼ 300 K) at an applied magnetic field of 1 ∼ 3 kOe, exhibiting the characteristics of a ferromagnet. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 98: 83–87, 2005
Modification of cyclohexanone–formaldehyde resins with silicone tegomers
Authors: Kızılcan Nilgün , Akar Ahmet 
Published: July 2005

AbstractCyclohexanone–formaldehyde resins were modified in situ with α,ω‐diamine polydimethylsiloxanes and α,ω‐dihydroxy polydimethylsiloxanes. Melting points, solubilities in organic solvents, gel permeation chromatographs, Fourier transform infrared spectra, and NMR spectra of the modified resin were determined, and the surface properties of the resins were investigated by contact angle measurements. A small amount of silicon compounds seemed to effect the physical properties of the cyclohexanone–formaldehyde resins significantly. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 98: 97–101, 2005
Clinical outcome and follow‐up of the first reported case of Russell‐Silver syndrome with the unique combination of maternal uniparental heterodisomy 7 and mosaic trisomy 7
Authors: Font‐Montgomery Esperanza , Stone Kristyne M. , Weaver David D. , Vance Gail H. , Das Soma , Thurston Virginia C. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDRussell‐Silver syndrome (RSS) has been associated with maternal uniparental disomy (UPD) for chromosome 7 although the etiology of the syndrome is still unknown. Cases of RSS associated with maternal UPD7 have involved isodisomies, heterodisomies, and mixed isodisomy with heterodisomy simultaneously. This publication is a follow‐up report of the postnatal clinical outcome of the first prenatally suspected case of combined mosaic trisomy 7 with maternal uniparental disomy of chromosome 7 (UPD7).CASEThe diagnosis of RSS in the proband was suspected prenatally because trisomy 7 mosaicism (47,XX,+7[13]/46,XX[19]) and maternal uniparental heterodisomy 7 were both found in amniotic fluid cells. Cord blood karyotype analysis showed only disomic cells (46,XX[50]), whereas postpartum chorionic villus analysis was completely trisomic for chromosome 7 (47,XX,+7[19]). Postnatally, the diagnosis of RSS was confirmed by physical findings, her trisomy 7 mosaicism was confirmed by cytogenetic analysis of her skin biopsy (47,XX,+7[9]/46,XX[20]) and her UPD7 was confirmed on both peripheral blood and skin biopsy using microsatellite markers. During infancy, the proband experienced growth deficiency, persistent hypoglycemia, and psychomotor developmental delay.CONCLUSIONSTrisomic rescue as a life‐saving mechanism, with subsequent chromosomal mosaicism in combination with UPD may occur more frequently in RSS than has been reported. Systematic testing of cases suspected prenatally or postnatally would be informative regarding the individual contribution of each factor. Imprinting, loss of heterozygosity for recessive genes, and mosaicism may explain the short stature, asymmetry, and the variable expression of the phenotype. The contribution of these mechanisms to the syndrome should be evaluated in these cases. Birth Defects Research (Part A), 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.