bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Current Surgical Therapy for Bronchiectasis
Authors: Ashour Mahmoud , Al‐Kattan Khaled , Rafay Mohamad A. , Saja Khalid F. , Hajjar Waseem , Al‐Fraye Abdul Rahman 
Published: August 2002

Abstract.The ideal classification system for bronchiectasis continues to be debated. As an alternative to the present morphologic classification, a hemodynamic‐based functional classification is proposed. This study examines the rationale for and outcome of surgery based on this classification in patients with unilateral or bilateral bronchiectasis. Between July 1987 and January 1997 the morphologic and hemodynamic features in 85 bronchiectatic patients were examined: 18 with bilateral bronchiectasis and 67 with unilateral disease. A policy of unilateral lung resection of the nonperfused bronchiectasis and preservation of the perfused type was adopted in all patients. The mean age at operation was 29.4 ± 9.7 years (range 6–55 years) with a mean follow‐up period of 45.2 ± 21.0 months (range 2–120 months). Left‐sided predominance of bronchiectasis was evident in this series both in frequency and severity. In those with unilateral disease, bronchiectasis was left‐sided in 49 (73.1%) patients and right‐sided in 18 (26.9%). The left lung was totally bronchiectatic in 11 (16.4%) patients and the right in 3 (4.4%). Moreover, among the patients with bilateral bronchiectasis, 14 of 18 (77.7%) patients had the left lung more severely involved. Based on the morphologic and hemodynamic features in the investigated patients, two types of bronchiectasis were recognized: a perfused type with intact pulmonary artery flow and a nonperfused type with absent pulmonary artery flow. Lobectomy was performed in 55 patients, basal segmentectomy and preservation of the apical segment in 16, and pneumonectomy in 14. There was no mortality in this series. Altogether 63 patients (74.1%) achieved excellent results, 19 (22.4%) scored good results, and 3 (3.5%) patients had not benefited from surgery at last follow‐up. In the face of the general criticism of the traditional morphologic classification, the proposed classification not only predicts whether the involved lung will have a measure of respiratory function with regard to gas exchange but reflects the degree of severity of the disease process. Thus the question of which side to resect and which to preserve is defined more precisely. This classification was found to be logical, physiologically sound, and of proven benefit.
Use of Possible Synergistic Expression of p53 and p185 as a Prognostic Tool for Stage I Non‐small‐cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Cantero Ramón , Torres Antonio J. , Maestro Marisa , Fernández Cristina , Hernando Florentino , del Barco Victoria , Sanz Teresa , Balibrea Jose L. 
Published: August 2002

Abstract.The possible interaction between the quantified overexpression of the oncoproteins p53 and p185 was evaluated. These proteins have already been independently defined as prognostic factors in non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC). p53 and p185 levels were determined in stage I patients (n= 40) from a sample of 102 NSCLC sufferers who underwent surgery for precocious disease during the period October 1991 to June 1994. The resected tumors were histologically classified and included 15 adenocarcinomas (37.5%), 1 large‐cell carcinoma (2.5%), and 24 epidermoid (60%) carcinomas. The p53 concentration of tumor specimens was determined by luminescence immunoanalysis and was defined as positive if it was above the minimum value detectable by the method (0.01 ng/mg). The p185 protein was quantified by enzyme‐linked immunoassay, and the 80th percentile of the frequency distribution was used as the reference cutoff value (348.8 U/mg). Survival and disease‐free‐survival (DFS) rates were estimated at 24 months after intervention. There were no significant differences in survival or DFS of patients with adenocarcinoma‐type tumors for subjects with independent p185 values < 348.8 U/mg and those showing values ≥ 348.8 U/mg. Neither were there differences observed between patients with positive and negative p53 values. In patients with epidermoid‐type tumors the cumulative survival was significantly higher in p53‐negative than in p53‐positive patients (p= 0.03) and was also higher in patients with p185 levels < 348.8 U/mg than in those with values ≥ 348.8 U/mg (p= 0.00001). These patients showed no significant differences with respect to recurrence rate. The possible synergistic behavior of p53 and p185 levels as a prognostic factor was evaluated in patients with epidermoid‐type tumors. p53‐negative and p53‐positive patients were grouped according to a p185 level of less than or more than 348.8 U/mg. Significant differences were seen in both survival rates and DFS between groups. Individual analysis of relative risks showed an increased risk of death and greater recurrence rate in patients with p185 levels ≥ 348.8 U/mg and a greater recurrence rate in patients with p53‐positive values. Multivariate analysis established that the multiplicative, synergistic, prognostic effect of p53 and p185 was not significant. The existence of a significant, synergistic, prognostic effect of the p185 and p53 proteins in NSCLC could not be proven. However, a greater prognostic potential of the quantified overexpression of p185 with respect to that of p53 was established. An additive effect in the prognostic potential of both proteins was also observed (stratified analysis).
Pelvic Ultrasound in Women
Authors: Sivyer Paula 
Published: August 2002

AbstractHigh‐resolution pelvic ultrasound (US) has much to offer the surgical assessment of female patients. Endovaginal and transperineal scanning as well as graded compression technique now supplement conventional transabdominal US. The application of duplex and color Doppler technology further enhances the information obtained, all contributing to improved diagnostic accuracy. The clinical indications for sonography as well as the salient features of common gynecologic, obstetric, and gastrointestinal disorders are discussed, as is the role of US guided intervention.
Surgery: Independent Prognostic Factor in Curable and Far Advanced Gastric Cancer
Authors: Doglietto Giovanni Battista , Pacelli Fabio , Caprino Paola , Sgadari Antonio , Crucitti Francesco 
Published: August 2002

Abstract.The hospital records of 639 patients affected by primary gastric cancer who were consecutively admitted to our unit during the period 1981–1995 were reviewed. Overall 220 underwent total gastrectomy (38 palliative), 12 had resection of the gastric stump, 195 had distal subtotal gastrectomy (55 palliative), 78 had bypass procedures, 72 had explorative laparotomy, and 62 had no operation. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to evaluate 5‐year survival with respect to the main clinical, pathologic, and treatment variables after both curative and palliative treatments. Overall the 5‐year survival after curative treatment (320 patients—operative mortality excluded) was 55.5%: 91.1% for stage IA, 71.5% IB, 62.4% II, 37.5% IIIA, 31.5% IIIB. Among patients who underwent palliative treatment 5‐year survival was 13.1% after gastric resection (total or distal subtotal), 4.9% after the bypass procedures, 0 after explorative laparotomy, and 0 after no operation. Univariate and multivariate survival analyses showed that variables independently associated with poor survival were advanced stage, upper location and D1 lymphadenectomy after curative treatment, tumor spread to distant sites, and nonresectional surgery after palliative treatment. Multivariate analysis showed that even though survival with gastric cancer depends on predetermined factors, the type of surgery can have a significant effect on prognosis after both curative and palliative treatment.
Carcinoma of the Gastric Cardia: Surgical Practices and Short‐term Operative Results in a Defined Swedish Population
Authors: Hansson Lars‐Erik , Ekström Anna‐Mia , Bergström Reinhold , Nyrén Olof 
Published: August 2002

Abstract.Adenocarcinoma of the gastric cardia has one of the most rapidly increasing incidence rates of all tumors in Western countries. The aim of this population‐based investigation was to study surgical practices and postoperative morbidity and mortality during routine hospital care. The study comprised 176 patients given a new diagnosis of adenocarcinoma of the gastric cardia from February 1, 1989 to the January 31, 1995 in five Swedish counties. The tumor was resectable in 100 (57%) patients (in 36% of the women and 64% of the men), but only 46% of all patients could be offered a potentially curative operation. A total gastrectomy was performed in 54 patients and a proximal gastric resection in 44. Postoperative complications occurred in 39%: in 20% of the patients under age 60 years and in 47% of those aged 60 and over (p= 0.006). Seventeen operated patients (13%) died before discharge. The hospital mortality increased from 3% among those < 60 years of age to 18% among those > 69 years (p= 0.041). Surgical treatment of carcinoma of the gastric cardia carries substantial morbidity and mortality. No important progress seems to have taken place since the 1960s.
Resection of Local Recurrence of Rectal Cancer: Results
Authors: Law Wai‐Lun , Chu Kin‐Wah 
Published: August 2002

Abstract.Locally recurrent rectal cancer is a difficult clinical problem, and surgical resection can be done only in selected patients. The aims of this study were to evaluate the results of resecting the local recurrence of rectal cancer and to analyze factors that might predict curative re‐resection and those that affect survival. Forty‐seven patients who underwent resection for locally recurrent rectal cancer formed the basis of the study. Twenty‐four were curative in nature, and the others were palliative. There was no operative mortality, and the complication rate was 38%. The median survival of the whole group was 16.5 months. The ability to perform curative resection was found to be the only independent factor associated with improved survival. Female gender is a significant factor associated with curative resection of local recurrence. In patients with curative reresection, local control is up to 87%. It was concluded that resection of local recurrent rectal cancer can achieve good local control and can improve survival in selected patients. The ability to perform curative resection is associated with survival benefit, and female gender is associated with the increased possibility of carrying out curative resection.
Protein Expression of bax, bcl‐2, and p53 in Patients with Non‐Hodgkin's Gastric Lymphoma: Prognostic Significance
Authors: Charalambous George K. , Gomatos Ilias P. , Konstadoulakis Manoussos M. , Messaris Evangelos G. , Manouras Andreas J. , Apostolou Anastasia E. , Leandros Emmanuel A. , Karayannis Maria K. , Androulakis George A. 
Published: August 2002

Abstract.The biologic significance of bcl‐2, bax, and p53 gene expression in patients with non‐Hodgkin's gastric lymphoma is unknown. We examined the prognostic value of these genes in 36 patients with gastric lymphoma treated in our clinic between 1990 and 1995. Paraffin‐embedded specimens from 36 patients who underwent primary resection of the stomach for gastric lymphoma were analyzed immunohistochemically for p53, bax, and bcl‐2 gene expression. Expression of bax was seen in 24 of 36 patients (66.7%), p53 expression was found in 8 of 36 tumors (22.2%), and bcl‐2 cytoplasmic staining was detected in 6 of 36 patients (16.7%). We performed a univariate analysis to examine the possible correlation between the expression of these genes and the survival of our patients. Expression of bax protein proved to be a statistically significant prognostic factor (p= 0.049). Protein expression of p53 and bcl‐2 did not statistically correlate with survival. In the bcl‐2‐negative (−) patient group (30 patients), those who were bax‐positive had a statistically significant better survival than those who were bax‐negative (63.3% vs. 36.7%, p= 0.03). There was also a statistically significant correlation between p53 expression and the grade of the tumor (p= 0.0014). P53 protein expression increased along with the grade. Expression of bax is a significant prognostic factor in patients with gastric lymphoma. Its prognostic value increases significantly when studied in bcl‐2‐negative patients; but expression of bax failed to be an independent prognostic factor. Expression of bcl‐2 and p53 has no prognostic significance. Expression of p53 seems to represent a marker for loss of differentiation.
Population viability analysis of a Japanese black bear population
Authors: Horino S. , Miura S. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA population viability analysis (PVA) was conducted for a Japanese black bear population in Shimokita Peninsula, northern Japan, using an individual‐based simulation model. Demographic stochasticity was incorporated in the model as well as the environmental stochasticity from the fluctuation of annual mast production. The extinction risk of the population was estimated with an emphasis on the effect of carrying capacity reduction and hunting pressure. The results suggest that the population has a high risk of extinction. Even if there is no further reduction of the carrying capacity and no hunting at all, the present size of the population cannot pass the test of the minimum viable population size (MVP) concept. Considering possible carrying capacity reduction in the future and actual hunting pressure, the population will fail to survive for 100 years at a very high probability. Because of deterioration of habitat and loss of the corridor between habitat areas, the population has become very sensitive to demographic impacts, including hunting pressure.
Aggression, depression, and bullying others
Authors: Roland Erling 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA questionnaire survey of a representative sample of 2083 Norwegian pupils in Grade 8 revealed a positive and significant correlation between depressive symptoms and bullying others and a strong positive correlation between both power‐related (ProPow) and affiliation‐related (ProAff) proactive aggressiveness and bullying others among both boys and girls. We investigated whether the correlation between Depressive Symptoms and Bullying Others was spurious. For boys, a multiple‐regression analysis with Bullying Others as the dependent variable revealed that both ProPow and ProAff had strong separate effects on Bullying Others, whereas the separate effect from Depressive Symptoms was not significant. Interactions between Depressive Symptoms and ProPow and ProAff on Bullying Others were not present. It was concluded that the significant correlation between Depressive Symptoms and Bullying Others was spurious for boys. For girls, ProAff, and ProPow × Depressive Symptoms had significant and rather strong separate impacts on Bullying Others. Implications for intervention and further research were discussed. Aggr. Behav. 28:198–206, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effects of voluntary immigration on the distribution of autobiographical memory over the lifespan
Authors: Schrauf Robert W. , Rubin David C. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractImmigration may be considered a ‘traumatic’ event with acute phases followed by long latency effects. Ten older, Hispanic adults who immigrated to the USA at ages 20–22, 24–28, and 34–35 narrated their ‘life‐stories’ on two occasions, once in English and once in Spanish. Instead of the usual reminiscence bump they showed an increase in autobiographical recalls corresponding specifically to their ages at immigration. Each of the narrated life stories was independently coded for amount of detail, emotional valence, status as transitional event, and backward/forward search strategy. Memories for the time of immigration did not differ from other memories on any of these ratings. Increased recall for the period of immigration may be due to the encoding of novel events and the ‘effort after meaning’ required to integrate these events followed by a relatively stable period (settlement) marked by release from proactive interference and spaced rehearsal. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reduced spatial order model reference adaptive control of spatially varying distributed parameter systems of parabolic and hyperbolic types
Authors: Bentsman J. , Orlov Yu. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis paper presents control laws for distributed parameter systems of parabolic and hyperbolic types with unknown spatially varying parameters. These laws, based on the model reference adaptive control approach, guarantee asymptotic tracking of the output of the reference model by the output of the plant for arbitrary time invariant, but spatially varying reference input. The novel capabilities of the algorithms proposed are providing reduced sensitivity to measurement noise due to the reduced order of the spatial differentiation of the output data and permitting on‐line estimation of the spatially varying plant parameters, constructively enforceable through the reference input and/or boundary conditions. The parameter estimation is carried out by means of an auxiliary system with the time‐varying parameters that simultaneously converge inL2to plant parameters when appropriate input signals in the reference model are used. The orthogonal expansions of these time‐varying parameters, which can be computed by passing the auxiliary system parameters through the integrator block, converge to the plant parameters pointwise if the latter are sufficiently smooth. The parameter convergence is obtained by combining the adaptation laws with sufficiently rich input signals, referred to as generators of persistent excitation, which guarantee the existence of a unique steady state for the parameter errors. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Asymmetry in farm to retail price transmission: Evidence from Brazil
Authors: Aguiar Danilo R. D. , Santana Josana A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn this article, we describe the price transmission mechanism for three groups of agricultural products in Brazil to determine if they follow the pattern found in previous studies. These groups combine different dimensions of the two arguments normally used to explain price asymmetry: market concentration and product storability. Results from the study area in Brazil showed that neither product storability nor market concentration were required for intense price‐increase transmission. High and increasing Brazilian inflation rates found through 1994 led the population to expect continual price increases; the society may have been able to assimilate the most intense transmissions of price increments, independent of industry market power. Consequently, our results demonstrate that the findings from previous price transmission studies cannot be generalized to other industries or for other periods. New theoretical and empirical studies are needed to improve our understanding of asymmetrical price transmission. [EconLit Citations: L660, 810] © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Food expenditure patterns of the Hispanic population in the United States
Authors: Lanfranco Bruno A. , Ames Glenn C.W. , Huang Chung L. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractFood expenditure patterns were analyzed for Hispanic households in the United States. Engel curves for three food categories—total food (TF), food eaten at home (FAH), and food eaten away from home (FAFH)—were estimated using a semilogarithmic functional form. The models for TF and FAH were estimated by OLS, using heteroscedasticity consistent estimators. The equation for FAFH was estimated using a two‐part model, with the level equation estimated by least squares with corrections for heteroscedasticity, using only the observations for which a positive amount of expenditures on FAFH was reported. The estimated income elasticity of demand for food for Hispanic households were 0.29 for TF, 0.21 for FAH, and 0.49 for FAFH. Household size elasticities were 0.32, 0.40, and 0.07, respectively. Our analysis indicates that Hispanic households devoted a higher proportion of their budget to FAH, 25.8%, than the average American household, while the proportion spent on FAFH was only 3.6%.[EconLit citations: L610.] © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effective hemostasis with rFVIIa treatment in two patients with severe thrombocytopenia and life‐threatening hemorrhage
Authors: Gerotziafas Grigoris T. , Zervas Costas , Gavrielidis George , Tokmaktsis Aggelos , Hatjiharissi Evdoxia , Papaioannou Mary , Lazaridou Anna , Constantinou Nikos , Samama Meyer Michel , Christakis John 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe report two patients with severe thrombocytopenia and life‐threatening bleeding that were successfully managed with recombinant activated factor VII (rFVIIa). The first was a 75‐year‐old male with Waldenström's macroglobulinemia. During a therapeutic course with fludarabine, he developed severe autoimmune thrombocytopenia resistant to conventional treatment, followed by persistent uncontrollable nasal bleeding. Platelet transfusions failed to increase the platelet count and control the hemorrhage. When hemoglobin levels fell below 8.5 g/dL and the patient's clinical condition got much worse, a single dose of 4.8 mg rFVIIa (90 μg/kg) was given as an i.v. bolus. Ten minutes after the rFVIIa injection, nasal bleeding stopped, the patient's clinical condition progressively improved, and splenectomy could be carried out uneventfully 2 days later. The second patient, a 52‐year‐old female, was under treatment for pre‐B lymphoblastic leukemia. She developed severe thrombocytopenia, secondary to chemotherapy, complicated by massive gastrointestinal bleeding. Despite intensive treatment with platelet transfusions, hemorrhage continued and her condition deteriorated rapidly. She was then given an i.v. bolus injection of 4.8 mg rFVIIa, which resulted in cessation of hemorrhage and dramatic improvement of her clinical status. No adverse effects from the treatment with rFVIIa were observed. In conclusion, rFVIIa appears to be an attractive alternative for controlling hemorrhage in patients with severe thrombocytopenia, especially when platelet transfusions are unavailable or ineffective. Am. J. Hematol. 69:219–222, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.