bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of effects of material anisotropy on ductile damage using microscopic unit‐cell model
Authors: Koirala Sanjeev , Gerke Steffen , Brünig Michael 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIt is experimentally observed that the failure in ductile metals is mainly due to the nucleation, growth, and coalescence of micro‐voids as well as micro‐shear‐cracks. Furthermore, plastic anisotropy has significant role in damage and failure behavior of ductile metals. Finite element simulations of unit cell provide a basis to understand different mechanisms on micro‐scale, for example, changes in shape and size of single voids and defects as well as localization of plastic strains. This contribution deals with the numerical analysis of unit cell containing spherical void subjected to symmetrical boundary conditions taking material anisotropy into account. Elastic isotropic behavior is described by Hooke's law while Hoffman yield criterion considering the strength‐differential effect is used to model the anisotropic plastic behavior. Generalized anisotropic stress invariants, generalized stress triaxiality, and generalized Lode parameter are introduced to characterize the stress state in the anisotropic ductile metal. The effect of plastic anisotropy on the damage behavior of the aluminum alloy EN AW‐2017A is studied in detail by performing a series of numerical simulations covering a wide range of stress triaxialites and Lode parameters. Stress triaxility and Lode parameter are controlled and kept constant during the entire loading process. The numerical results are then used to discuss general mechanisms of damage and failure process in ductile metals.
Analytical tangents for arbitrary material laws derived from rheological models at large deformations
Authors: Gypstuhl Richard , Wulf Hans , Landgraf Ralf , Ihlemann Jörn 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe development of suitable material laws for various material classes is an essential preliminary task for conducting realistic simulations. Within the framework of large deformations, one recognized approach is the utilization of rheological connections allowing the construction of arbitrary models. A common method to calculate the stress response of such a material model is to formulate a set of algebraic and ordinary differential equations and to solve them numerically. However, in this work, only stress relations between different rheological elements are formulated and directly solved by a numeric algorithm without the need to derive the typical system of algebraic/differential equations. The required derivatives for the solution of these equations for this algorithm and the stiffness of the material model are calculated analytically following the same general principle as the algorithm calculating the stress response. This improves stability and computation effort compared to a forward difference scheme.
Development of electrically conductive wood‐based composites using carbon nets
Authors: Rezanezhad Mojtaba , Shalbafan Ali , Thoemen Heiko 
Published: November 2023

AbstractA novel conductive composite material was developed using woven carbon nets. For this purpose, carbon nets with different mesh sizes of 25, 100, 225, and 400 mm2 were woven, using two different carbon yarns with widths of 2 and 0.5 mm. The woven carbon nets were used before and after the core layer formation during mat forming of the particleboard. It was found that the insertion of carbon nets into the panel structure not only transforms insulated particleboard into a highly conductive composite but also significantly improves the flexural properties of the composite. However, the internal bond strength and physical properties of the composites were negatively affected by the presence of carbon nets in the panel structure, although their values were still above the minimum requirements of the standard values. Increasing the mesh area of the carbon nets and using thinner carbon yarns to weave the nets had a negative effect on the electrical and mechanical properties of the composites. In addition, a demonstration object was made of conductive composites to integrate lighting and a smartphone charging port into the object and prove the applicability of the developed composites for the furniture industry.Highlights
Composites with carbon nets with smaller mesh area showed higher conductivity.
The smaller the width of the carbon yarn, the higher the electrical resistance.
The carbon net in the composites led to a decrease in internal bond strength.
The carbon nets improved the flexural properties of the composites.
Thickness swelling was significantly reduced by the use of carbon nets.
A comparative study of graphite and graphene sheets employed in polymer‐based electromagnetic shielding materials
Authors: Fan Zuwei , Cheng Xiaojie , Ding Yaru , Yu Yuanyuan , Liu Rangtong 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn this work, the comparative properties of graphite (GT) and graphene (GE) sheets for use in polymer‐based electromagnetic (EM) shielding materials were explored. To accomplish this, GT and GE were individually combined with polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) as composite films and each was later attached to a nonwoven fabric to produce nonwoven‐reinforced (NR) films. The microtopography showed that GT was easily wrapped by the PVDF matrix in the composite film, whereas GE was partially exposed on the film surface because of its complete contact with PVDF. Addition of the carbon materials appeared to increase the EM shielding effectiveness (SE) of the films in the X‐band. The SE of the PVDF/GE films was significantly higher than the PVDF/GT films, up to 50.4 dB, which was mainly affected by electronic conductivity. The internal loss of the EM wave in PVDF/GE films was dominated by internal reflection because of the more regular arrangement of GE, whereas the loss in the PVDF/GT films contained greater EM absorption. Although the SE at 1–18 GHz of NR PVDF/GT film was significantly lower than the NR PVDF/GE film, the internal loss at high frequency was higher due to the better absorption loss in its surface layer.Highlights
GT and GE sheets were compared as functional materials.
GT and GE sheets showed different distribution states in the films.
The EM SE of the PVDF/GE films was up to 50.4 dB.
The EM shielding mechanism was analyzed and compared.
A case report describing the use of systemic bevacizumab in the treatment of recurrent respiratory papillomatosis with pulmonary involvement
Authors: O'Brien Amy , Shafuddin Eskandarain 
Published: November 2023

AbstractRecurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP) is a rare disease characterized by recurrent papilloma along the aerodigestive tract. In this case, we describe a 16‐year‐old with longstanding laryngeal RRP secondary to vertical transmission of human papillomavirus (HPV) who presented with symptomatic pulmonary involvement and was successfully treated with systemic bevacizumab. The case describes the clinical and radiological improvement with therapy as well as the adverse effects that occurred and resolved with dose adjustments.
Plastic bronchitis caused by Haemophilus influenzae
Authors: Yamasaki Kei , Morimoto Toshiki , Hashimoto Kohei , Yamaguchi Sadanobu , Kawamura Masaru , Nemoto Kazuki , Kawaguchi Takako , Tachiwada Takashi , Yatera Kazuhiro 
Published: November 2023

Key messagePlastic bronchitis is characterized by sputum obstructing the bronchus and causing atelectasis. Bronchoscopic removal of the clogged bronchial cast is typically performed, but small‐diameter bronchoscopes with narrow suction ports cannot achieve adequate suction. Suction using a bronchoscope as a guide sheath may be effective for treating plastic bronchitis in children.
Event‐triggered control for stochastic interconnected nonlinear systems with unknown control directions
Authors: Hua Changchun , Wang Qiaona , Ning Pengju 
Published: November 2023

SummaryThis paper presents an event‐triggered control strategy for stochastic interconnected nonlinear systems with unknown control directions. Firstly, a new lemma is proposed for stochastic nonlinear systems with multiple time‐varying unknown control directions, which guarantees the boundedness of Nussbaum function parameter variables. Different from the existing results, each subsystem is allowed to have multiple time‐varying unknown control directions. Then, by using the backstepping method, a novel controller is proposed based on the relative threshold event‐triggered strategy. The controller not only reduces the communication burden but also eliminates the interference of unknown control directions. Based on Lyapunov stability theory, it is proved that the controller can make all signals in the closed‐loop system be bounded in probability and the system state variables converge to zero in probability. Finally, two simulation examples are presented to certify the effectiveness of the proposed control algorithm.
Note on down‐set thresholds
Authors: Warnke Lutz 
Published: November 2023

AbstractGunby–He–Narayanan showed that the logarithmic gap predictions of Kahn–Kalai and Talagrand (proved by Park–Pham and Frankston–Kahn–Narayanan–Park) about thresholds of up‐sets do not apply to down‐sets. In particular, for the down‐set of triangle‐free graphs, they showed that there is a polynomial gap between the threshold and the factional expectation threshold. In this short note we give a simpler proof of this result, and extend the polynomial threshold gap to down‐sets of ‐free graphs.
Recognition of C4 Olefins by an Ultramicroporous ftw‐Type Yttrium‐Based Metal–Organic Framework with Distorted Cages
Authors: Tu Shi , Yao Jinze , Zhao Siyao , Lin Danxia , Yu Liang , Zhou Xin , Wang Hao , Wu Ying , Xia Qibin 
Published: November 2023

AbstractDeveloping porous adsorbents for efficient separation of C4 olefins is significant but challenging in the petrochemical industry due to their similar molecular sizes and physical properties. The separation efficiency is often limited when separating C4 olefins by a single separation mechanism. Herein, an ultramicroporous yttrium‐based MOF, Y‐dbai, is reported featuring cage‐like pores connected by small windows, for recognition and efficient separation of C4 olefins through a synergistic effect of thermodynamic and kinetic mechanisms. At 298 K and 1 bar, the adsorption capacities of Y‐dbai for C4H6, 1‐C4H8, and i‐C4H8 are 2.88, 1.07, and 0.14 mmol g−1, respectively, indicating a molecular sieving effect toward i‐C4H8. The C4H6/i‐C4H8 and 1‐C4H8/i‐C4H8 uptake selectivities of Y‐dbai are 20.6 and 7.6, respectively, outperforming most of the reported adsorbents. The static and kinetic adsorption experiments coupled with DFT calculations indicate the separation should be attributed to a combined effect of thermodynamically and kinetically controlled mechanism. Breakthrough experiments have confirmed the excellent separation capability of Y‐dbai toward C4H6/1‐C4H8, C4H6/i‐C4H8, and C4H6/1‐C4H8/i‐C4H8 mixtures.
Highly Luminescent Chiral Carbon Nanohoops via Symmetry Breaking with a Triptycene Unit: Bright Circularly Polarized Luminescence and Size‐Dependent Properties
Authors: Guo Shengzhu , Liu Lin , Li Xiaonan , Liu Guoqin , Fan Yanqing , He Jing , Lian Zhe , Yang Huiji , Chen Xuebo , Jiang Hua 
Published: November 2023

AbstractChiral carbon nanohoops with both high fluorescence quantum yield and large luminescence dissymmetry factor are essential to the development of circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) materials. Herein, the rational design and synthesis of a series of highly fluorescent chiral carbon nanohoops TP‐[8–13]CPPs via symmetry breaking with a chiral triptycene motif is reported. Theoretical calculations revealed that breaking the symmetry of nanohoops causes a unique size‐dependent localization in the highest occupied molecular orbitals (HOMOs) and the lowest unoccupied molecular obtitals (LUMOs) as the increasing of sizes, which is sharply different from those of [n]cycloparaphenylenes. Photophysical investigations demonstrated that TP‐[n]CPPs display size‐dependent emissions with high fluorescence quantum yields up to 92.9% for TP‐[13]CPP, which is the highest value among the reported chiral conjugated carbon nanohoops. The high fluorescence quantum yields are presumably attributed to both the unique acyclic, and radial conjugations and high radiative transition rates, which are further supported by theoretical investigations. Chiroptical studies revealed that chiral TP‐[n]CPPs exhibit bright CPL with CPL brightness up to 100.5 M−1 cm−1 for TP‐[11]CPP due to the high fluorescence quantum yield. Importantly, the investigations revealed the intrigued size‐dependent properties of TP‐[n]CPPs with regards to (chir)optical properties, which follow a nice linear relationship versus 1/n. Such a nice linear relationship is not observed in other reported conjugated nanohoops including CPPs.
Genomic and phenotypic characterization of finger millet indicates a complex diversification history
Authors: Bančič Jon , Odeny Damaris A. , Ojulong Henry F. , Josiah Samuel M. , Buntjer Jaap , Gaynor R. Chris , Hoad Stephen P. , Gorjanc Gregor , Dawson Ian K. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAdvances in sequencing technologies mean that insights into crop diversification can now be explored in crops beyond major staples. We use a genome assembly of finger millet, an allotetraploid orphan crop, to analyze DArTseq single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at the whole and sub‐genome level. A set of 8778 SNPs and 13 agronomic traits was used to characterize a diverse panel of 423 landraces from Africa and Asia. Through principal component analysis (PCA) and discriminant analysis of principal components, four distinct groups of accessions were identified that coincided with the primary geographic regions of finger millet cultivation. Notably, East Africa, presumed to be the crop's origin, exhibited the lowest genetic diversity. The PCA of phenotypic data also revealed geographic differentiation, albeit with differing relationships among geographic areas than indicated with genomic data. Further exploration of the sub‐genomes A and B using neighbor‐joining trees revealed distinct features that provide supporting evidence for the complex evolutionary history of finger millet. Although genome‐wide association study found only a limited number of significant marker‐trait associations, a clustering approach based on the distribution of marker effects obtained from a ridge regression genomic model was employed to investigate trait complexity. This analysis uncovered two distinct clusters. Overall, the findings suggest that finger millet has undergone complex and context‐specific diversification, indicative of a lengthy domestication history. These analyses provide insights for the future development of finger millet.
Electroweak corrections to Higgs boson decays in a Complex Singlet extension of the SM and their phenomenological impact
Authors: Egle Felix , Mühlleitner Margarete , Santos Rui , Viana João 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The complex singlet extension CxSM of the Standard Model (SM) is a simple extension of the SM with two visible Higgs bosons in the spectrum and a Dark Matter (DM) candidate. In this paper we complete the computation of the next-to-leading (NLO) electroweak (EW) corrections to on-shell and non-loop-induced Higgs decays. Our calculations are implemented in the code EWsHDECAY which also includes the relevant QCD corrections. Performing an extensive parameter scan in the model and including all relevant theoretical and experimental single- and di-Higgs as well as DM constraints, we obtain a viable parameter sample. We find that current DM constraints are able to test the model in DM mass regions where collider searches are not sensitive. The relative EW corrections turn out to be large for scenarios with relatively large couplings, threshold effects or small leading-order (LO) widths. Otherwise, they are of typical EW size and can amount up to about 20–25%. The theory uncertainty derived from the change of the renormalization scheme dependence then is of a few per cent. While the NLO corrections applied in the constraints due to single- and di-Higgs searches impact the validity of specific parameter points, the overall shape of the allowed parameter region is not yet sensitive to the EW corrections. This picture will change with further increased experimental precision in the future and necessitates precise predictions on the theory side as presented in this paper.
Energy correlations in heavy states
Authors: Chicherin Dmitry , Korchemsky Gregory P. , Sokatchev Emery , Zhiboedov Alexander 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We study energy correlations in states created by a heavy operator acting on the vacuum in a conformal field theory. We argue that the energy correlations in such states exhibit two characteristic regimes as functions of the angular separations between the calorimeters: power-like growth at small angles described by the light-ray OPE and slowly varying, or “flat”, function at larger angles. The transition between the two regimes is controlled by the scaling dimension of the heavy operator and the dynamics of the theory. We analyze this phenomenon in detail in the planar $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 SYM theory both at weak and strong coupling. An analogous transition was previously observed in QCD in the measurement of the angular energy distribution of particles belonging to the same energetic jet. In that case it corresponds to the transition from the light-ray OPE, perturbative regime described in terms of correlations between quarks and gluons to the flat, non-perturbative regime described in terms of correlations between hadrons.
Anisotropic compactification of nonrelativistic M-theory
Authors: Ebert Stephen , Yan Ziqi 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We study a decoupling limit of M-theory where the three-form gauge potential becomes critical. This limit leads to nonrelativistic M-theory coupled to a non-Lorentzian spacetime geometry. Nonrelativistic M-theory is U-dual to M-theory in the discrete light cone quantization, a non-perturbative approach related to the Matrix theory description of M-theory. We focus on the compactification of nonrelativistic M-theory over a two-torus that exhibits anisotropic behaviors due to the foliation structure of the spacetime geometry. We develop a frame covariant formalism of the toroidal geometry, which provides a geometrical interpretation of the recently discovered polynomial realization of SL(2 , ℤ) duality in nonrelativistic type IIB superstring theory. We will show that the nonrelativistic IIB string background fields transform as polynomials of an effective Galilean “boost velocity” on the two-torus. As an application, we construct an action principle describing a single M5-brane in nonrelativistic M-theory and study its compactification over the anisotropic two-torus. This procedure leads to a D3-brane action in nonrelativistic IIB string theory that makes the SL(2 , ℤ) invariance manifest in the polynomial realization.
Gravitating anisotropic merons and squashed spheres in the three-dimensional Einstein-Yang-Mills-Chern-Simons theory
Authors: Canfora Fabrizio , Corral Cristóbal 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We construct the first analytic examples of self-gravitating anisotropic merons in the Einstein-Yang-Mills-Chern-Simons theory in three dimensions. The gauge field configurations have different meronic parameters along the three Maurer-Cartan 1-forms and they are topologically nontrivial as the Chern-Simons invariant is nonzero. The corresponding backreacted metric is conformally a squashed three-sphere. The amount of squashing is related to the degree of anisotropy of the gauge field configurations that we compute explicitly in different limits of the squashing parameter. Moreover, the spectrum of the Dirac operator on this background is obtained explicitly for spin-1/2 spinors in the fundamental representation of SU(2), and the genuine non-Abelian contributions to the spectrum are identified. The physical consequences of these results are discussed.
Trustworthy AI: AI made in Germany and Europe?
Authors: Hirsch-Kreinsen Hartmut , Krokowski Thorben 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAs the capabilities of artificial intelligence (AI) continue to expand, concerns are also growing about the ethical and social consequences of unregulated development and, above all, use of AI systems in a wide range of social areas. It is therefore indisputable that the application of AI requires social standardization and regulation. For years, innovation policy measures and the most diverse activities of European and German institutions have been directed toward this goal. Under the label “Trustworthy AI” (TAI), a promise is formulated, according to which AI can meet criteria of transparency, legality, privacy, non-discrimination, and reliability. In this article, we ask what significance and scope the politically initiated concepts of TAI occupy in the current process of AI dynamics and to what extent they can stand for an independent, unique European or German development path of this technology.
Dimensional deviations in Ti-6Al-4V discs produced with different process parameters during selective laser melting
Authors: Pal Snehashis , Milković Marijana , Ramadani Riad , Gotlih Janez , Gubeljak Nenad , Hudák Radovan , Drstvenšek Igor , Finšgar Matjaž , Brajlih Tomaž 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWhen manufacturing complicated products where both material and design play a role, especially thin and curved components, it is difficult to maintain accurate dimensions in Selective Laser Melting. Considering these difficulties, this article presents the dimensional errors in the fabrication of Ti-6Al-4V discs and their thermomechanics during manufacturing. Various combinations of laser processing parameters were used to fabricate the 2.00 mm thick discs with a diameter of 5.70 mm. It was found that the thickness shortened and the round shape changed to an oval shape for most of the discs. The thickness decreased along the build-up direction from the bottom to the top and formed a taper that increased with increasing energy density (ED). The horizontal diameter of the discs changed slightly, while the vertical diameters changed remarkably with increasing ED. On the other hand, reducing the laser power resulted in a reduction of the roundness error, while it caused a reduction of the thickness. The hatch spacing significantly affected the volume of the melt pool and caused a change in the vertical diameter. The central part of the curved surface of the discs became concave and the concavity increased due to the increasing ED.