bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Median nerve somatosensory evoked potentials in migraine.
Authors: Ozkul Y , Uckardes A 
Published: January 2004

Eur J Neurol. 2002;9:227‐232.In visual evoked potential studies, habituation during stimulus repetition with the same stimulus at a constant intensity has been found to be abnormal in migraineurs between attacks. The purpose of this study was to investigate habituation of somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) and the effects of migraine on them. Eighty‐five subjects were included in the study: 30 healthy volunteers (HVs) and 55 migraineurs [30 with migraine without aura (MO), 25 with migraine with aura (MA)]. During continuous stimulation at 3 Hz, four blocks of 100 responses were sequentially averaged of Erb's point (N9), cervical (N13), and cortical (N20) median nerve SEPs. Mean amplitude changes in the second, third and fourth blocks are expressed as percentages of the first block. There was habituation to N13 and N20 in the second, third and fourth blocks in HVs. In the migraine groups, there was no habituation; on the contrary, potentiation was found. This potentiation was statistically significant only in the second blocks for N13 (MO P  =  0.007, MA P  =  0.01 versus HVs). However, in both migraineur groups, the rate of N20 potentiations was statistically significant versus that in HVs for all blocks (all P< 0.05). It is concluded that whilst physiological habituation occurs in HVs for cervical and cortical SEPs, in migraine patients there is an interictal deficit of habituation of this sensory modality. Comment: This interesting study confirms the lack of habituation to repetitive stimuli reported in migraineurs between attacks and extends this finding to somatosensory evoked potentials using median nerve stimulation. One might speculate that migraineurs lack a protective mechanism which modulates both cervical and cortical sensory inputs. DSM
Inhibition of Hepatocyte Lipogenesis by Nitric Oxide Donor: Could Nitric Oxide Regulate Lipid Synthesis?
Authors: Roediger William E. , Hems Reginald , Wiggins David , Gibbons Geoffrey F. 
Published: January 2004

AbstractTissue lipogenesis is variably controlled by substrate supply and hormones. The possibility that nitric oxide (NO) might regulate lipogenesis derives from the action of NO on coenzyme A (CoA) to produce metabolically inactive S‐nitrosoCoA. The effect of the nitric oxide donor S‐nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) on long chain fatty acid and cholesterol synthesis was measured in isolated cultured rat hepatocytes. [1‐14C] Butyrate was used as substrate to measure 14C incorporation into lipids as butyrate is twice as effective as acetate in hepatic lipogenesis and is ketogenic via the Lynen cycle. NO very significantly (P < 0.01) impaired long chain fatty acid and cholesterol synthesis an observation dependent upon time of exposure (3 h pre‐incubation or 6 h continuous exposure) and concentration of GSNO (500 μM to 2.0 mM). Decrease in hepatic lipogenesis was paralleled by decrease in ketogenesis. ATP levels remained unchanged following short term exposure to GSNO. Exposure of hepatocytes to GSNO together with 2.0 mM glutathione significantly diminished the inhibition of lipogenesis induced by GSNO alone. Impairment of lipogenesis by GSNO appears not to be limited by energy supply and now adduced, but not proven, to be operative via the degree of inactivation of cytosolic CoA. NO control of lipogenesis could be clinically important where NO production is increased as in demyelinating diseases, chronic arthritis or colitis and in wasting diseases such as AIDS.
IUBMB Life, 56: 35‐40, 2004
Platelet Interactions in Thrombosis
Authors: Andrews Robert K. , Gardiner Elizabeth E. , Shen Yang , Berndt Michael C. 
Published: January 2004

AbstractPatho/physiological platelet aggregate (thrombus) formation is initiated by engagement of platelet surface receptors, glycoprotein (GP)Ib‐IX‐V and GPVI that bind von Willebrand factor or collagen. Although beneficial in response to vascular injury by preventing blood loss (haemostasis), platelet aggregation in a sclerotic coronary artery or other diseased blood vessel (thrombosis) can cause thrombotic diseases like heart attack and stroke. At the molecular level, ligand interactions with GPIb‐IX‐V or GPVI trigger signalling responses, including elevation of cytosolic Ca2 +, dissociation of calmodulin from their cytoplasmic domains, cytoskeletal actin‐filament rearrangements, activation of src‐family kinases or PI 3‐kinase, and 'inside‐out' activation of the integrin, αIIbβ3 (GPIIb‐IIIa), that binds von Willebrand factor or fibrinogen and mediates platelet aggregation. Furthermore, emerging evidence supports a topographical co‐association of these receptors of the leucine‐rich repeat family (GPIb‐IX‐V) and immunoglobulin superfamily (GPVI) in an adhesive cluster or 'adhesosome'. This arrangement may underlie common mechanisms of initiating thrombus formation in haemostasis or thrombotic disease.
IUBMB Life, 56: 13‐18, 2004
ACYP1 Gene Possesses Two Alternative Splicing Forms That Induce Apoptosis
Authors: Degl'Innocenti Donatella , Marzocchini Riccardo , Malentacchi Francesca , Ramazzotti Matteo , Raugei Giovanni , Ramponi Giampietro 
Published: January 2004

AbstractIn human cell lines two products of the ACYP1 gene were detected by RT ‐ PCR. In addition to the expected amplicon corresponding to the CT form of acylphosphatase (320 bp) a second unexpected one (400 bp) was characterized as the result of an alternative splicing in which an extra 79 bp long exon is inserted between the two known exons. This new product, indicated as CTsv, was cloned and expressed. We performed the ectopic expression of the two alternative splicing forms. Both CT and CTsv products were able to induce a proapoptotic effect when expressed in HeLa cell line, despite the fact that the CTsv protein did not show any acylphosphatase activity.
IUBMB Life, 56: 29‐33, 2004
Sending RNAs into the Future: RNA Localization and Germ Cell Fate
Authors: Zhou Yi , King Mary Lou 
Published: January 2004

AbstractRNA localization is a cellular mechanism used to localize proteins to subcellular domains and to control protein synthesis regionally. In oocytes, RNA localization has profound implications for development, setting up local concentrations of regulatory proteins that will establish regional fates in the future embryo. One such fate is that of the germ cell lineage. In a diverse number of organisms, including Drosophila and Xenopus, the germ cell lineage is determined by the inheritance of germ plasm assembled during oogenesis. This process requires the recruitment of specific RNAs, many now identified, to the germ plasm. Complex signals located in the 3' UTR direct RNAs to their destinations. These signals are sites for protein binding and assembly into particles competent to localize. Three different mechanisms have been described that operate during oogenesis or embryogenesis to localize RNAs in the germ plasm: motor driven transport, differential stability, and entrapment. Each of these localization mechanisms must be coordinated with translation and anchoring mechanisms to achieve functional germ plasms. Here we review what is known about these processes in germ cells, but the cellular mechanisms that select and transport RNAs are likely to be conserved among somatic cells as well.
IUBMB Life, 56: 19‐27, 2004
Neurogenesis: Is the Adult Stem Cell Young or Old?
Authors: Ricard Jerome , Liebl Daniel J. 
Published: January 2004

AbstractStem cell biology is one of the most exciting, controversial, and debated fields in science today. It has been suggested that neuronal replacement therapy using stem cell transplants may be one possible answer to a host of neuropathological disorders including spinal cord injury, stroke, and neurodegenerative diseases. Important sources for stem cells include the developing embryo and adult central nervous system, but will these populations of cells exhibit similar behavior and responses to stimuli? This review will discuss some important similarities and differences between the embryonic and adult stem cell, as well as the basis for developing therapeutic approaches for stem cell replacement.
IUBMB Life, 56: 1‐6, 2004
Platelet‐Activating Factor Mediates Helicobacter pylori Lipopolysaccharide Interference with Gastric Mucin Synthesis
Authors: Slomiany Bronislaw L. , Slomiany Amalia 
Published: January 2004

AbstractPlatelet‐activating factor (PAF) is now recognized as the most proximal mediator of cellular events triggered by bacterial infection. In this study, we report that a specific PAF antagonist, BN52020, impedes the reduction in mucin synthesis evoked in gastric mucosal cells by H. pylori LPS. The impedance by BN52020 of the LPS inhibitory effect on mucin synthesis was blocked by wortmannin, an inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (PI3K), which also obviated the inhibitory effect of BN52020 on the LPS‐induced upregulation in apoptosis, TNF‐α, and NO generation. A reduction in the impedance by BN52020 of the LPS detrimental effect on mucin synthesis was also attained with cNOS inhibitor, L‐NNA, whereas NOS‐2 inhibitor, 1400W caused a potentiation in the impedance effect of BN52020. However, while 1400W and BN52020 countered the potentiating effect of wortmannin on the LPS‐induced decrease in mucin synthesis, a further exacerbation of the potentiating effect of wortmannin was attained in the presence of cNOS inhibitor, L‐NNA. Our findings suggest that PAF, through the interference with PI3K‐dependent cNOS activation, plays a critical role in influencing the extent of pathological consequences of H. pylori infection on the synthesis of gastric mucin.
IUBMB Life, 56: 41‐46, 2004
Reactions of Nitric Oxide with Copper Containing Oxidases; Cytochrome c Oxidase and Laccase
Authors: Wilson Michael T. , Torres Jaume 
Published: January 2004

AbstractThe reactions of nitric oxide with copper containing oxidases such as cytochrome c oxidase and laccase are described and discussed in the present review.
IUBMB Life, 56: 7‐11, 2004
Insulin Induces the Release of Vasodilator Compounds From Platelets by a Nitric Oxide–G Kinase–VAMP-3–dependent Pathway
Authors: Randriamboavonjy Voahanginirina , Schrader Jürgen , Busse Rudi , Fleming Ingrid 
Published: January 2004

Insulin-induced vasodilatation is sensitive to nitric oxide (NO) synthase (NOS) inhibitors. However, insulin is unable to relax isolated arteries or to activate endothelial NOS in endothelial cells. Since insulin can enhance platelet endothelial NOS activity, we determined whether insulin-induced vasodilatation can be attributed to a NO-dependent, platelet-mediated process.Insulin failed to relax endothelium-intact rings of porcine coronary artery. The supernatant from insulin-stimulated human platelets induced complete relaxation, which was prevented by preincubation of platelets with a NOS inhibitor, the soluble guanylyl cyclase inhibitor, NS 2028, or the G kinase inhibitor, KT 5823, and was abolished by an adenosine A2A receptor antagonist. Insulin induced the release of adenosine trisphosphate (ATP), adenosine, and serotonin from platelet-dense granules in a NO-dependent manner. This response was not detected using insulin-stimulated platelets from endothelial NOS−/− mice, although a NO donor elicited ATP release. Insulin-induced ATP release from human platelets correlated with the association of syntaxin 2 with the vesicle-associated membrane protein 3 but was not associated with the activation of αIIbβ3 integrin. Thus, insulin elicits the release of vasoactive concentrations of ATP and adenosine from human platelets via a NO–G kinase–dependent signaling cascade. The mechanism of dense granule secretion involves the G kinase–dependent association of syntaxin 2 with vesicle-associated membrane protein 3.
Anxious (Dis)Figuration: Ingres in Whistler's Little Blue Girl
Authors: Kjellman‐Chapin Monica 
Published: January 2004

This article examines J.M. Whistler's Harmony in Blue and Gold: The Little Blue Girl, situating it as a central site of the artist's anxieties and desires. Begun in 1894 and only relinquished after Whistler's death in 1903, The Little Blue Girl is a strange painting, the body within it oddly disfigured and the idiomaticity fragmented and hesitant. This work represents an ambitious attempt on the part of the artist to inscribe himself into tradition through a specific quotational praxis. Whistler staked his bid for canonicity on The Little Blue Girl through a reference to the bodies of Ingres. The Little Blue Girl's palimpsestic surface betrays the desires motivating this referential strategy and the anxieties that prevent it from fulfilling its primary function. Monica Kjellman‐Chapin is a Visiting Assistant Professor of Art History in the Visual and Performing Arts Department at Clark University. She completed her PhD on Whistler's late paintings of the female nude at Boston University and is currently researching and writing about art history and kitsch.
William Hogarth's The March to Finchley and the fate of comic history painting
Authors: Fordham Douglas 
Published: January 2004

Completed in 1750, William Hogarth's The March to Finchley set out to demonstrate that a Protestant trading nation could produce a form of history painting free from the absolutist tendencies of European academicism. This essay argues that Hogarth's accomplishment was more thoroughgoing and intellectually rigorous than previously recognized, and that combined with the Analysis of Beauty (1753), it established a new agenda for ambitious art production. Through its manipulation of a domestic visual vocabulary, The March to Finchley transformed status consciousness into an inclusive artistic category and oppositional political rhetoric into a positive national identity. Comic history, as this new genre was called, offered a stable, yet flexible foundation for the emergence of a distinctively British school of art. That this school never came to fruition was largely because of a shift in Britain's political climate, and in particular, a rise in popular imperial enthusiasm brought about by the Seven Years' War. Douglas Fordham graduated from Yale University where he received the Frances Blanshard prize for an outstanding doctoral dissertation in the History of Art. He is currently a Mellon Postdoctoral Fellow in the Department of Art History and Archaeology at Columbia University.
Intimate Archives: Japanese‐Canadian family photography, 1939–1949
Authors: Kunimoto Namiko 
Published: January 2004

‘Intimate Archives’ situates domestic photographs of Japanese Canadians taken during the 1942–1949 internment in Canada within historical crisis and subjective narrative, tracing the possibilities of meaning for both the depicted subjects and the possessors of the images. In 1942, as Japanese Canadians were uprooted from familiar communities throughout British Columbia, Canada and overwhelmed with the loss of those closest to them, photography was employed to recentre themselves within a stable, yet somewhat imaginative, network of relations. Domestic photographs and albums produced at this time worked to construct, preserve and contain the visual and imaginative narrative of cohesive family stability and communal belonging, despite divisive political differences, disparate geographical living situations and elapsed family traditions. Namiko Kunimoto was awarded a double major BA in art history and anthropology at the University of British Columbia in 1998 and her MA in at the same university, where she was awarded a University of British Columbia Grant Fellowship. She is studying for her PhD in art history at the University of California, Berkeley, supported by a Fellowship from the Social Sciences and Research Council of Canada. Publications include, ‘Mariko Mori at the Tokyo Museum of Modern Art’, Last Call, June 2001, and ‘The Guerrilla Girls’, Discorder Magazine, April 2000.
Relatives’ experience of nursing home admissions: preliminary study
Authors: Pearson Alan , Nay Rhonda , Taylor Bev 
Published: January 2004

Objective: As the first of a three‐phase study examining nursing home admissions, the current paper reports on relatives’ subjective experience of admitting an older family member to a nursing home. Methods: Fifty‐eight relatives from northern New South Wales (NSW) and South Australia who had admitted a family member into an aged care home were interviewed. Results: A broad range of positive and negative experiences were recounted by relatives who had been involved in a nursing home admission of a family member. Although there was a diversity of responses, a number of common themes were identified in the interviews. These included the inability to cope with supporting an older person, difficulties in finding a nursing home, disheartening admission processes, and a broad range of emotional responses including guilt, distress and relief. Conclusions: Admission of a family member to a nursing home can be a difficult and emotional time for relatives. The complex and sensitive nature of this process highlights the importance of recognition and support for relatives from health care professionals in aged care.
Gendered Agendas: The Secrets Scholars Keep about Yorùbá‐Atlantic Religion
Authors: Matory J. Lorand 
Published: January 2004

AbstractWhereas scholars have often described the material interests served by any given social group's selective narration of history, this article catches scholars in the act of selectively narrating Yorùbá‐Atlantic cultural history in the service of their own faraway activist projects. Anthropologist Ruth Landes' re‐casting of the Afro‐Brazilian Candomblá religion as an instance of primitive matriarchy not only encouraged feminists abroad but also led Brazilian nationalist power‐brokers to marginalise the male, and often reputedly homosexual, priests who give the lie to Landes's interpretation. In the service of a longdistance Yorùbá nationalist agenda, sociologist Oyeronke Oyewumi has declared traditional Yorùbá society ‘genderless’, and found, among both North American feminist scholars and Yorùbá male scholars, allies in concealing the copious evidence of gender and gender inequality in Yorùbá cultural history. What these historical constructions lack in truth value they make up for in their power to mobilise new communities and alliances around the defence of a shared secret. The article addresses how politically tendentious scholarship on gender has inspired new social hierarchies and boundaries through the truths that some high‐profile scholars have chosen to silence.
‘If You Can't Pronounce My Name, You Can Just Call Me Pride’: Afro‐German Activism, Gender and Hip Hop
Authors: El‐Tayeb Fatima 
Published: January 2004

AbstractThe history of the black German minority, now estimated at around 500,000, goes back several centuries. It is only since the twentieth century, however, that Germans of African descent have been perceived as a group. This did not lead to their recognition as a national minority, but rather, from the 1910s to the 1960s, they were defined as a collective threat to Germany's racial and cultural ‘purity’. When a sense of identity emerged among Afro‐Germans themselves in the 1980s, the majority population continued to deny the existence of ethnic diversity within German society. At the turn of the twenty‐first century, Afro‐Germans seemingly suddenly appeared as a new, ‘hip’ minority. This appearance was largely focused on the immense public success of the Hip Hop collective ‘Brothers Keepers’, conceived as an anti‐racist, explicitly Afro‐German intervention into German debates around national identity and racist violence. This article explains the success of ‘Brothers Keepers’ by contextualising it within the tradition of two decades of Afro‐ German feminist activism and the transnational Hip Hop movement of European youth of colour.
Creole Performance in Wonderful Adventures of Mrs. Seacole in Many Lands
Authors: Frederick Rhonda 
Published: January 2004

AbstractMary Seacole's autobiography has been read as a feminist performance as well as a paradigmatic Victorian travel narrative. While these assessments address important aspects of the memoir, neither affords the author's Jamaicanness significant space in its analysis. This essay addresses the silences left when Wonderful Adventures is removed from its Jamaican context, then offers a reading of it from this perspective. Grounded in histories that document nineteenth‐century Jamaican social categories, the article analyses Seacole's book using Caribbean literary perspectives that explore raced, ‘coloured’ and geographically‐located identities. The result is an interpretation of the memoir that offers insight into Jamaica's Creole population, its status and colour politics, and identity concerns. All have been expertly shaped by Seacole's rhetorical manoeuvres.
Colonial Matriarchs: Garveyism, Maternalism, and Belize's Black Cross Nurses, 1920–1952
Authors: Macpherson Anne 
Published: January 2004

AbstractThis article analyses the politics of Belize's Black Cross Nurses in their heyday in order to bring into dialogue the historiography on gender in the transnational Garveyite movement to which the middle‐class Nurses belonged, and the historiography on maternalism. It complicates the claim that Garveyite women were subordinated within the movement and resisted its gender norms, and addresses the lack of attention to maternalist politics among non‐white women in colonised settings, where racial anxieties strengthened middle‐class attachment to bourgeois respectability. By analysing the Nurses's relations with the colonial state, poor urban mothers and middle‐class men, the article concludes that their maternalism served to reproduce class and race hierarchies, and colonial rule, even as it strengthened middle‐class women's political autonomy and legitimacy.
‘Wearing three or four handkerchiefs around his collar, and elsewhere about him’: Slaves' Constructions of Masculinity and Ethnicity in French Colonial New Orleans
Authors: White Sophie 
Published: January 2004

AbstractDrawing on slave testimony from criminal trials, this article suggests that slaves in French Colonial Louisiana articulated a nuanced relationship to material goods premised less on a static vision of West African culture, than on variable notions of gender and ethnicity. Here, articles of dress could be used by slaves to distinguish among themselves, as revealed in the 1766 investigation against one runaway marginalised in spite of his self‐conscious sartorial identification as a slave and as an ‘African’. This paper thus offers an example of slaves engineering social control within black spaces by manipulating the legal apparatus of the white hegemony. Sartorial performances of ethnicity and masculinity were key to this process.
Diasporic Brotherhood: Freemasonry and the Transnational Production of Black Middle‐Class Masculinity
Authors: Summers Martin 
Published: January 2004

AbstractThis essay examines the relationship between two black Freemasons in the Gold Coast and New York in the 1930s. Drawing on the correspondence of D. K. Abadu Bentsi and Harry A. Williamson, this essay argues that fraternal voluntary associations operated as sites for the formation of a gendered diasporic identity. In doing so, it suggests that we need to complicate our understanding of diaspora by considering the ways in which the development of diasporic subjectivity and consciousness, as a dynamic process, is inextricably bound up in the formation of class and gender identities and the maintenance of class and gender boundaries.