bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Working with Northeastern United States lobster harvesters to develop acoustic trap retrieval in place of buoys and persistent vertical lines to reduce whale entanglements
Authors: Matzen Eric A , Fuller Erica A , Asmutis-Silvia Regina , Milliken Henry , Amico Megan L , Galvez Brian A , Sharp William Brian , Baumgartner Mark F , Moore Michael J 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Vertical buoy lines (VBLs) between surface markers and bottom fishing gear frequently entangle large whales. These lethal and sublethal entanglements inhibit North Atlantic right whale (Eubalaena glacialis) recovery. Consequently, the use of persistent VBLs in situations of high entanglement risk off the east coasts of the USA and Canada is periodically prohibited. On demand, acoustic recovery systems make it possible to remove persistent VBLs, reducing entanglement risk, and potentially allowing fisheries to operate in such areas. To address concerns about performance, reliability, and safety, we evaluated numerous on-demand systems under normal fishing conditions. In 2020, conservationists, scientists, engineers, and lobster harvesters designed an experiment to trial on-demand systems in the New England offshore fisheries, using an open and honest dialogue while maintaining the confidentiality of data such as fishing locations. Between 2020 and 2023, 38 captains and their crews completed 5798 hauls using 431 on-demand units representing 10 different prototypes from multiple manufacturers. The geographic area expanded from limited offshore areas in 2020 to inshore, nearshore, and offshore waters in four different lobster management areas in 2022 and 2023. Trawl lengths ranged from 1 to 100 traps per trawl. Recovery success increased from 64% to 90% of hauls through the trials, although challenges remain, especially when fishing in deep waters or high current and tide locales. A parallel study is underway in Canada. The ability to ensure sustainable fisheries while significantly reducing entanglement risk is becoming a reality, with snow crabs and lobsters being sold in Canada and lobsters and Jonah crabs in the USA that were caught using experimental fishing permits and on-demand systems primarily in areas where persistent VBLs are seasonally prohibited for whale conservation.
Quantum Schur–Weyl Duality and q-Frobenius Formula Related to Reflection Equation Algebras
Authors: Gurevich Dimitry , Saponov Pavel 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We establish a $q$-version of the Schur–Weyl duality, in which the role of the symmetric group algebra is played by the Hecke algebra and the role of the enveloping algebra $U(gl(N))$ is played by the reflection equation (RE) algebra, associated with a skew-invertible Hecke symmetry. Also, in each RE algebra we define analogues of the Schur polynomials and power sums in two forms: as polynomials in generators of the algebra and as polynomials in the so-called eigenvalues of the generating matrix $L$, defined by means of the Cayley–Hamilton identity. It is shown that in any RE algebra the power sums can be expressed via Schur polynomials by means of the characters of the Hecke algebra in the spirit of the classical Frobenius formula.
Rift Valley Fever Virus Infectivity in Milk Stored at a Wide Range of Temperatures
Authors: Dawes Brian E , De La Mota-Peynado Alina , Rezende Izabela M , Buyukcangaz Esra K , Harvey Amanda M , Gerken Keli N , Winter Christabel A , Bayrau Bethel , Mitzel Dana N , Waggoner Jesse J , Pinsky Benjamin A , Wilson William C , LaBeaud A Desiree 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is a zoonotic arbovirus widely distributed across Africa and the Arabian Peninsula, which causes devastating epidemics affecting humans as well as ruminant livestock. The epidemiology of RVFV is difficult to disentangle, as it is transmitted to humans via mosquitos or direct contact with infected animals. Among these direct exposures are milking ruminants and drinking fresh milk, which have been firmly established as risk factors for RVFV exposure. However, no studies to date have addressed the stability of infectious RVFV in milk.

Methods
We assessed the stability of RVFV in milk by spiking cow's and goat's milk with infectious RVFV-MP12 vaccine strain and measuring RNA via quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and infectious viral titers via plaque assay over time in a variety of temperature conditions.

Results
We demonstrate that RVFV remains stable for up to 96 hours in refrigerated milk and up to 2 days in milk stored in warm ambient conditions. We also show that RVFV RNA remained detectable via qRT-PCR in milk at all assessed temperatures for up to 96 hours. Finally, we confirmed that commonly performed pasteurization techniques and boiling of milk fully inactivates RVFV in milk.

Conclusions
These results demonstrate that RVFV contaminated milk in the milk supply chain of endemic regions could represent a widespread public health risk, and much of this risk is mitigatable via pasteurization. We also propose use of RVFV RNA detection in milk as a noninvasive source of RVFV surveillance.
Prevalence of antimicrobial resistance phenotypes and genes in stable fly- and manure-derived bacterial isolates from clinically relevant taxa in dairy settings
Authors: Sommer Andrew J , Kettner Julia E , Worley Travis K , Petrick Jordan , Haynie Caroline , Coon Kerri L 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Aims
This study aimed to characterize and compare the antimicrobial resistance profiles of clinically relevant bacterial taxa isolated from biting stable flies (Stomoxys spp.) and bovine manure samples collected at a dairy research facility over the course of an entire fly breeding season. The presence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase and other antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) was also examined.

Methods and results
A total of 606 fly- and 180 manure-derived strains were tested via disk diffusion for susceptibility to commonly administered antibiotics used in veterinary and human medicine. A small percentage of Enterobacterales exhibited resistance to the tested antimicrobials, including ceftiofur and other beta-lactam antibiotics. Extended spectrum beta-lactamase genes (TEM, CTX, OXA, CMY) were detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification in ceftiofur-resistant Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, and Enterobacter spp. isolates. We additionally identified pirlimycin-resistant Staphylococcus and Mammaliicoccus spp. isolates encoding lnuA, a lincosamide resistance gene found primarily on small mobilizable plasmids.

Conclusions
These findings highlight the significance of stable flies in the carriage of antimicrobial-resistant bacterial strains and plasmid-associated ARGs on dairy farms.
A Comparative Analysis of Analytical Validation Approaches for Quality Assurance: Exploring Holistic Strategies in the Validation of Quantitative Methods—A Case Study of Hesperidin
Authors: EL-Ghaly Wafaa , Zaari Lambarki Lamia , EL Kamli Taha , Benmoussa Adnane , Bakkali Fadil , Bamou Nour-Iddin , Saffaj Taoufiq , Jhilal fayssal 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Analytical validation is a sequence of operations aiming to evaluate the accuracy, reliability, and cost of analytical results for making informed decisions in method selection and meeting the requirements of regulatory institutions.

Objective
This study aims to perform an analytical validation by comparing three different approaches: the accuracy profile, the uncertainty profile, and the conventional validation to assess the capability of each method in confirming the robustness of the results.

Methods
The accuracy profile offers a comprehensive assessment of analytical performance and integrates systematic and random errors to determine if future results will satisfy the predefined acceptance limits. Meanwhile, the uncertainty profile, which is complementary and innovative, allows the uncertainty estimation from validation data. These approaches were developed after conventional validation that relies on statistical methodologies based on separate evaluations of method criteria to provide a comparative framework for evaluating new methods.

Results
This comparison will give recommendations for best practices related to analytical validation. The uncertainty profile is a graphical decision-making tool for determining full validation by integrating analytical validation and the estimation of measurement uncertainty, evaluating two statistical methods: β-expectation tolerance intervals and β-content, γ-confidence tolerance intervals, using a formula introduced by Saffaj δ Ihssane, predicting that 95% of future results will fall within the acceptance limits of ± 5%, revealing that the tolerance intervals for β-expectation are smaller than β-content, γ-confidence.

Conclusion
The total error approaches offer robust recommendations for optimal methods for routine application.

Highlights
This study highlights the critical need for appropriate analytical validation and the challenges arising from the absence of clear guidelines for that purpose. Different approaches emphasize the significant impact of the choice of an adequate method, which remains pivotal for providing accurate results under real-world scenarios. Concrete examples and simulations illustrate the viewpoints associated with different approaches to making decisions.
Seminal plasma metabolomics and sperm lipidomics profiles of bull semen with different total progressive motile sperm count
Authors: Pang Fanglin , Sheng Yuke , Gao Liu Tao , Rushdi Hossam E , Loor Juan J , Tian Quan Zhao , Liu Shenhe 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Total progressive motile sperm count (TPMSC) is a reliable index of fecundity evaluation of bull semen. It is an important determinant frozen semen yield and conception rate of females artificially inseminated. Seminal plasma metabolites and sperm lipids are closely related to sperm survival and motility, but their relationship with TPMSC is not well known. In the present study, Simmental bulls with higher (H, n = 6) or lower (L, n = 6) TPMSC (P &lt; 0.01) were selected from a cohort of 100 animals aged 2 to 5 years based on semen quality. Analysis of semen quality and biochemical markers of seminal plasma revealed that H bulls had greater ejaculate volume (P &lt; 0.05), sperm motility, plasma membrane integrity rate (P &lt; 0.01), seminal plasma neutral α-glucosidase (P &lt; 0.05), alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, cortisol and phosphatidylcholine (P &lt; 0.01), and lower sperm malformation rate (P &lt; 0.05) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) (P &lt; 0.01). Semen metabolites and sperm liposome profiles of H and L groups were compared using LC–MS/MS analysis. A total of 120 differentially abundant metabolites (VIP &gt; 1; P &lt; 0.05) and 59 differentially abundant lipids (VIP &gt; 1; P &lt; 0.05) were identified between H and L groups. Oxidative stress, sperm motility and sperm plasma membrane integrity were among the enriched biological pathways. Cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR), up-regulated in H bulls, is associated with energy for sperm motility and maintenance of membrane stability. Thymidineglycol (Tg), levanbiose, thymidine (Thd), and CE (3M5) were down-regulated in H bulls, and may have negatively affected sperm motility. Correlation analyses revealed that TPMSC and sperm motility were significantly positively correlated with cADPR, while Tg, Levanbiose, Thd and CE (3M5) were significantly negatively correlated with TPMSC and sperm motility. Thus, we speculate that these molecules may be exploited as potential biomarkers for non-invasive evaluation of TPMSC in bull semen.
In vitro fermentation characteristics of dietary fibers using fecal inoculum from dogs consuming commercial or grain kefir
Authors: Metras Breanna N , Oba Patricia M , Holt Dalton A , Bauer Laura L , Miller Michael J , Dilger Ryan N , Swanson Kelly S 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Traditional grain kefir is produced from the fermentation of milk with yeast- and bacteria-containing cultures. To maintain consistency and adhere to food safety guidelines, commercial kefir products are based on starter bacterial cultures. Bacterial profiles of starter vs. grain kefirs differ, and their influence on health effects is unknown. Our objectives were to determine the in vitro fermentation characteristics of common dietary fibers using fecal inoculum from dogs supplemented with kefir or kefir bacterial culture as inoculum. Healthy adult dogs were allotted to one of 3 treatments and supplemented for 14 d (n=4/treatment): 1) 2% reduced-fat milk treated with lactase (CNTL), 2) starter kefir (S-Kefir), or 3) grain kefir (G-Kefir). After 14 d, fresh fecal samples were collected and frozen in a 20% glycerol solution. For the in vitro experiment, fecal samples were thawed, diluted in an anaerobic diluting solution, and used to inoculate tubes containing semi-defined medium and either cellulose (CEL), pectin (PC), beet pulp (BP), or chicory pulp (CP). Tubes were incubated for 0, 6, 12, or 18 h, with short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), pH, and microbiota measured at each time point. A second in vitro experiment was conducted using similar methods and measurements, but with S-Kefir and G-Kefir as inoculum sources. Effects of treatment (inoculum), time, and treatment*time interactions within fiber source were analyzed statistically using Mixed Models and repeated measures, with P&lt;0.05 being significant. Using fecal inoculum, BP and PC were rapidly fermented, leading to large pH reductions, SCFA increases, and microbiota shifts. pH change was of greater (P&lt;0.05) magnitude (PC) and higher (P&lt;0.05) kinetic rate (CP) when using feces from dogs fed S-Kefir or G-Kefir than controls. Butyrate increases were greater (P&lt;0.05) in tubes inoculated with G-Kefir feces than in S-Kefir or control feces. When PC and BP were fermented, tubes with S-Kefir feces had greater (P&lt;0.05) acetate, propionate, and total SCFA increases than G-Kefir or control feces. Fermentations were slower when using kefir cultures as inoculum, but some differences were noted. Bacterial beta diversity and relative abundances shifted over time within each substrate and were unique to inoculum source. Our data suggest that the activity of kefir bacterial populations differs, and that kefir consumption changes the abundance and activity of the fecal microbiota of dogs, justifying in vivo investigation.
Case report: chronic expanding hematoma becomes angiosarcoma
Authors: Alshalfan Raed , Almalki Sami , Alnasser Mohammed , Alhaqbani Abdullah 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Chronic expanding hematoma is a hematoma that gradually increases in size over a period. Only a few studies reported a chronic expanding hematoma that turned into a malignancy, we report a rare presentation of a chronically expanding hematoma that after 10 years became an angiosarcoma. This is a 41-year-old gentleman, presented to our Emergency Department, complaining of left upper gluteal pain and bleeding after he underwent hematoma evacuation in a private hospital. The patient was then admitted for infected hematoma evacuation. The patient tolerated the surgery; however, there was a persistent drop of hemoglobin postoperatively. All pathology and culture results were inconclusive. We then proceeded with computer tomography angiogram, which came back negative. Magnetic resonance imaging was then requested, which came with a slight interval change and a suspicious area, and so interventional radiology was involved to take a biopsy, which came back as angiosarcoma and then the patient underwent wide local excision with reconstruction.
Physical Examination
Authors: Murphy Joseph G. , Anavekar Nandan S. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Physical examination remains an essential skill in clinical cardiology practice for 3 main reasons: 1) it focuses the clinician in the direction of the correct differential diagnosis, 2) it contributes immensely to an in-depth understanding of the pathophysiologic features of cardiac disease, and 3) it can be a rapid and inexpensive error check on sophisticated cardiac imaging studies. All cardiovascular signs have their own sensitivity and specificity both for the disease process and for the examiner’s skill and always should be interpretated in the wider context of a patient’s clinical symptoms and other diagnostic investigations.
Cardiac Evaluation Before Noncardiac Surgery
Authors: Cullen Michael W. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The American College of Cardiology, American Heart Association, and European Society of Cardiology guidelines for the perioperative evaluation and management of patients undergoing noncardiac surgery encompass risk stratification, preoperative testing, perioperative medication management, and special situations in patients with known or suspected cardiac disease. In general, guidelines take a conservative approach to perioperative care, particularly preoperative testing. This chapter reviews the current approach to the cardiac evaluation of patients undergoing noncardiac surgery, focusing on the highest yield recommendations from the most recent guidelines.
Principles of Echocardiography
Authors: Tsay Julie L. , Chandrasekaran Krishnaswamy , Anavekar Nandan S. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Current indications for the use of echocardiography are listed within the chapter. The American Society of Echocardiography guidelines updated in 2010 and 2016 are used as a basis for this chapter. Echocardiography is often the recommended initial test in the evaluation of cardiac disease and can provide hemodynamic assessment. The American Society of Echocardiography has recommended that cardiac imaging be performed in 3 orthogonal planes: long-axis, short-axis, and 4-chamber.
Cardiac Radiography
Authors: Breen Jerome F. , Lloyd Margaret A. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The conventional upright chest radiograph is obtained with high kilovoltage at maximal inspiration to permit short exposure times, which freeze cardiac motion. Digital chest radiography is performed in a similar manner and provides improved image quality, less overall radiation exposure, increased ease of handling with faster image throughput, and shorter times for image review. The ability to review images electronically at various brightness and contrast levels has decreased the rate of retakes and has provided a much greater dynamic contrast that is helpful for maximizing details of various implanted devices.
Stress Test Selection
Authors: Allison Thomas G. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Cardiac stress testing is an integral part of clinical cardiology. This chapter addresses stress testing from the standpoint of making a diagnosis or establishing a prognosis for a patient with suspected or known coronary artery disease. Assessment of patients with complex cardiovascular disease, including chronic heart failure, various forms of cardiomyopathy, valvular heart disease, congenital heart disease, pulmonary hypertension, and heart transplant, is best performed by cardiopulmonary exercise testing, discussed elsewhere. Exercise testing generally without cardiac imaging may also be indicated in the evaluation and management of cardiac arrhythmias.
Heritable Cardiomyopathies and Channelopathies
Authors: Bos Martijn M. , Ackerman Michael J. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The field of sudden death–predisposing genetic heart diseases focuses on an understanding of the heritable cardiomyopathies and channelopathies, identification of preclinical, potentially at-risk family members, and development of new therapeutic options. This chapter discusses the clinical presentations, important genotype-phenotype relationships, and implications for genetic testing, treatment guidelines, and sudden cardiac death risk stratification of the most common heritable cardiovascular diseases: hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy, long QT syndrome, Brugada syndrome, and catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia.
Atrial Fibrillation and Flutter,
Authors: Ahmed Azza M.-E. K. , Madhavan Malini 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Atrial fibrillation is a supraventricular arrhythmia characterized by uncoordinated electrical activation of the atria and loss of atrial mechanical function. atrial flutter is closely related to atrial fibrillation. Most patients with atrial flutter also have atrial fibrillation at some time. For the purposes of clinical management, atrial flutter and atrial fibrillation can be considered together. In this chapter, information applies to both atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter unless otherwise stated.
Supraventricular Tachycardia,
Authors: Witt Chance M. , Asirvatham Samuel J. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Supraventricular tachycardia is a generic term with various definitions. Literally, it may include all fast (&gt;100 beats per minute) heart rhythms involving cardiac tissue above the ventricles (ie, atria, atrioventricular node, His bundle, or accessory pathways). The term is most often used to refer to tachycardias more specifically called paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardias, with atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia, atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia, and atrial tachycardia being the 3 most common forms. This chapter will focus on these 3 types of supraventricular tachycardia, with brief mention of other less-common supraventricular tachycardias.
Pacemakers
Authors: Cha Yong-Mei , Hayes David L. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Guidelines for permanent pacemaker implantation were established in 1984 by a joint task force of the American Heart Association and American College of Cardiology. The guidelines have been updated multiple times (most recently in 2018). Indications for permanent pacing are divided into 3 classes. The chapter presents the class I, II, and III indications for pacemaker placement for clinical scenarios.
Heart Disease in Athletes
Authors: Hammill Stephen C. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The medical community, the public, and athletes all have concerns about identifying, a priori, persons at risk for sudden cardiac death. Physicians are frequently asked to assess the suitability of an athlete to participate in a particular sport. Ideally, identification of persons at risk and any resultant interventions should be aimed at athletes who are younger and for whom it is, thus, easier to alter their lifestyles and redirect their interests to other activities.
Intracardiac Electrophysiology Tracings
Authors: Madhavan Malini , McLeod Christopher J. , Packer Douglas L. , Asirvatham Samuel J. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The field of analysis and interpretation of intracardiac electrograms is fascinating but complex and often intimidates the general cardiologist. For the cardiovascular board examination, however, a limited and fundamental knowledge of intracardiac electrogram is expected. In this chapter, the normal intracardiac electrogram sequence is introduced and briefly explained; tracings illustrate the main concepts that may be tested on the cardiovascular board examination. Details of the differential diagnosis for various arrhythmias and maneuvers performed in the electrophysiology laboratory to make an exact diagnosis before ablation are beyond the scope of this chapter and are not tested on the board examinations. This chapter, however, could serve as a basis for the student interested in the field of invasive electrophysiology.