bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Call for algorithmic fairness to mitigate amplification of racial biases in artificial intelligence models used in orthodontics and craniofacial health
Authors: Allareddy Veerasathpurush , Oubaidin Maysaa , Rampa Sankeerth , Venugopalan Shankar Rengasamy , Elnagar Mohammed H. , Yadav Sumit , Lee Min Kyeong 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMachine Learning (ML), a subfield of Artificial Intelligence (AI), is being increasingly used in Orthodontics and craniofacial health for predicting clinical outcomes. Current ML/AI models are prone to accentuate racial disparities. The objective of this narrative review is to provide an overview of how AI/ML models perpetuate racial biases and how we can mitigate this situation. A narrative review of articles published in the medical literature on racial biases and the use of AI/ML models was undertaken. Current AI/ML models are built on homogenous clinical datasets that have a gross underrepresentation of historically disadvantages demographic groups, especially the ethno‐racial minorities. The consequence of such AI/ML models is that they perform poorly when deployed on ethno‐racial minorities thus further amplifying racial biases. Healthcare providers, policymakers, AI developers and all stakeholders should pay close attention to various steps in the pipeline of building AI/ML models and every effort must be made to establish algorithmic fairness to redress inequities.
Healing of apical periodontitis in type II diabetes mellitus patients: A prospective study
Authors: Paljević Ema , Brekalo Pršo Ivana , Vidas Hrstić Jelena , Božac Elvis , Pezelj‐Ribarić Sonja , Peršić Bukmir Romana 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to compare the healing of periapical bone between type II diabetes patients and healthy patients after root canal treatment.Subjects and MethodsThis study included 26 diabetic patients and the control group with healthy patients matching the diabetic group in age and sex. The study included only teeth with satisfactory coronal restoration. The periapical index system was used to evaluate the periapical status of treated teeth at follow‐ups after 6 and 12 months.ResultsAnalysis of the results revealed a significantly higher healing rate in the control group compared to the diabetic group only at the 6‐month follow‐up (66.6 vs. 33.3%; Χ2 = 4.857; p = 0.0275). Analysis of the full‐scale PAI index disclosed significantly higher PAI values in the diabetic subjects at 6‐ and 12‐month follow‐up. The regression analysis showed that the risk of apical periodontitis persistence increased significantly with female gender (OR = 3.92; 95% CI = 1.04–14.79; p = 0.043), diabetes mellitus (OR = 4.27; 95% CI: 1.18–15.50; p = 0.027) and higher household income (OR = 5.39; 95% CI = 1.33–21.89; p = 0.018).ConclusionRoot canal treatment remains an effective means of conservative treatment in diabetic patients. While the healing is not compromised, regular follow‐ups are necessary to monitor the healing process.
The Botrytis cinerea transglycosylase BcCrh4 is a cell death‐inducing protein with cell death‐promoting and ‐suppressing domains
Authors: Liang Yong , Bi Kai , Sharon Amir 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBotrytis cinerea is a necrotrophic fungal plant pathogen that causes grey mould and rot diseases in many crops. Here, we show that the B. cinerea BcCrh4 transglycosylase is secreted during plant infection and induces plant cell death and pattern‐triggered immunity (PTI), fulfilling the characteristics of a cell death‐inducing protein (CDIP). The CDIP activity of BcCrh4 is independent of the transglycosylase enzymatic activity, it takes place in the apoplast and does not involve the receptor‐like kinases BAK1 and SOBIR1. During saprophytic growth, BcCrh4 is localized in the endoplasmic reticulum and in vacuoles, but during plant infection, it accumulates in infection cushions (ICs) and is then secreted to the apoplast. Two domains within the BcCrh4 protein determine the CDIP activities: a 20aa domain at the N′ end activates intense cell death and PTI, while a stretch of 52aa in the middle of the protein induces a weaker response and suppresses the activity of the 20aa N′ domain. Deletion of bccrh4 affected fungal development and IC formation in particular, resulting in reduced virulence. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that BcCrh4 is required for fungal development and pathogenicity, and hint at a dual mechanism that balances the virulence activity of this, and potentially other CDIPs.
In‐flight force estimation by flight mill calibration
Authors: Ma Alan , Cui Alex , Hajati Zahra , Evenden Maya , Wong Jaime G. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe study of insect flight is important for conservation and sustainability efforts, as predicting insect dispersal can aid management programmes in tackling economic and ecological harm from, for example, invasive species. Flight mills are invaluable tools for measuring the factors of insect flight under laboratory conditions, as they lower several technical and financial barriers to conduct experiments. It is especially difficult, however, to make assumptions about the energetic cost of tethered flights conducted using different tethers, or even on different flight mills, due to the mechanical variability of the bearing friction and air resistance of the rotating assembly. This additional uncertainty necessitates a larger number of replicates for any given standard of statistical confidence. By characterising flight mill friction, this uncertainty can both be reduced in magnitude and assigned a specific, well‐defined numerical value. We present a simple methodology to characterise this friction through dynamic calibration of the flight mill, at a high statistical confidence. This study uses videography of a flight mill undergoing free velocity decay due to friction, using an in‐house developed software to extract angular velocity from video data. However, the technique is readily adaptable to other measurement techniques. Using the velocity, alongside the mass moment of inertia of the flight mill, allows us to determine the rotational friction coefficient. This friction coefficient provides precise measurements of thrust production, and therefore the energy expenditure of flight, by the tethered insect.
Zinc status or supplementation and its relation to soil‐transmitted helminthiasis in children: A systematic review
Authors: Iqbal Sehar , Abid Juweria , Akram Sajeela , Shah Hassan Bin Usman , Farooq Umar , Ahmad Abdul Momin Rizwan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractSoil‐transmitted helminths (STHs) parasitic infection is known as one of the most common infections around the world affecting more than a quarter of the world's population. The relationship between STH infections and micronutrient deficiencies are closely related and often coexist among the affected population. The study, therefore, aimed to summarise the available literature focusing on the effect of zinc status/deficiency or supplementation on STH infection or reinfection in children. For this purpose, we adopted a systematic approach and searched the existing literature on PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane Library databases. A search term was entered to retrieve the available data. A total of 12 articles were included in this review after applying the inclusion/exclusion criteria. Most of the included studies reported a lower zinc status in children affected with any parasitic infection. Regarding the effect of zinc status and supplementation on parasitic infection in children, we found only a few studies (n = 4) with inconsistent result findings. This review reported that children infected with STH have lower zinc levels; however, a limited number of studies showed the effect of zinc supplements on the risk of STH warrants the need for further studies in this regard.
Need of support for significant others to persons with borderline personality disorder–A Swedish focus group study
Authors: Ekdahl Susanne , Carlson Elisabeth , Idvall Ewa , Perseius Kent‐Inge 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundBeing a significant other (SO) to a person with borderline personality disorder (BPD) affect their health. High incidence of substance use disorder, post‐traumatic stress disorder, stress, fear, anxiety, depression, family burden and grief are common. Some specific therapies for BPD, have included support to SOs, however resources are scarce and to participate in the support it assumes that the person with BPD is included in these therapies. Although the SO support has been shown to be helpful, they all have a similar structure, and only a small exclusive group of SOs have access to the support.AimThe aim was to describe experiences and need of support for significant others to persons with borderline personality disorder from the perspective of themselves and of health care workers.MethodsData was collected via two focus groups. One with five SOs to persons with BPD, one with five health care workers. Two interview sessions in each group were conducted and data were analysed with qualitative content analysis. The study was approved by the research ethics committee of Lund (2016–1026).ResultsThe results revealed four themes; not being seen by health care professionals creates hopelessness, being seen by healthcare professionals creates trust, experience of support ‐ helpful or shameful and the step from loosely structured support to a structured support group. Both groups expressed a need for further support as a complement to already existing support.ConclusionsThe need of support is extensive. The results suggest a professional coordinator intended for SOs and peer support groups not linked to a particular psychiatric treatment yet offering support in a structured way. Further studies examining these complements to existing support, is therefore recommended.
Infections in the first year after heart transplantation in a Latin American country
Authors: Carrillo‐Gómez Diana Cristina , Rojas‐Perdomo Cristhian Camilo , Orozco‐Echeverri Nicolás , Montes Maria C. , Flórez‐Elvira Liliana , López‐Pónce de León Juan David , Olaya‐Rojas Pastor , Flórez‐Alarcón Noel , Gómez‐Mesa Juan Esteban 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundHeart transplantation is the therapy of choice in patients with advanced heart failure refractory to other medical or surgical management. However, heart transplants are associated with complications that increase posttransplant morbidity and mortality. Infections are one of the most important complications after this procedure. Therefore, infections in the first year after heart transplantation were evaluated.MethodsA retrospective cohort study of infections after heart transplants was conducted in a teaching hospital in Colombia between 2011 and 2019. Patients registered in the institutional heart transplant database (RETRAC) were included in the study. Microbiological isolates and infectious serological data were matched with the identities of heart transplant recipients and data from clinical records of individuals registered in the RETRAC were analyzed. The cumulative incidences of events according to the type of microorganism isolated were estimated using Kaplan–Meier survival analyses.ResultsSeventy‐nine patients were included in the study. Median age was 49 years (37.4–56.3), and 26.58% of patients were women. Eighty‐seven infections were documented, of which 55.17% (48) were bacterial, 22.99% (20) were viral, and 12.64% (11) were fungal. Bacterial infections predominated in the first month. In the first year, infections caused 38.96% of hospital admissions and were the second cause of death after heart transplants (25.0%).ConclusionPosttransplant infections in the first year of follow‐up were frequent. Bacterial infections predominated in the early posttransplant period. Infections, mainly bacterial, were the second most common cause of death and the most common cause of hospitalization in the first year after heart transplantation.
image
Adenovirus infection in allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation
Authors: Cesaro Simone 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAdenovirus (AdV) infection occurs in 0–20% of patients in the first 3–4 months after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT), being higher in pediatric than in adult patients. About 50% of AdV infections involve the blood, which in turn, correlates with an increased risk developing AdV diseases, end‐organ damage, and 6‐month overall mortality. The main risk factors for AdV infection are T‐cell depletion of the graft by ex vivo selection procedures or in vivo use of alemtuzumab or antithymocyte serum, development of graft versus host disease (GVHD) grade III–IV, donor type (haploidentical or human leucocyte antigen mismatched related donor > cord blood> unrelated matched donor) and severe lymphopenia (<0.2 × 109/L). The prevention of AdV disease relies on early diagnosis of increasing viral replication in blood or stool and the pre‐emptive start of cidofovir as viral load exceeds the threshold of ≥102–3 copies/mL in blood and/or 106 copies/g stool in the stool. Cidofovir (CDV), a cytosine monophosphate nucleotide analog, is currently the only antiviral recommended for AdV infection despite limited efficacy and moderate risk of nephrotoxicity. Brincidofovir, a lipid derivative of CDV with more favorable pharmacokinetics properties and superior efficacy, is not available and currently is being investigated for other viral infections. The enhancement of virus‐specific T‐cell immunity in the first few months post‐HCT by the administration of donor‐derived or third‐party‐donor‐derived virus‐specific T‐cells represents an innovative and promising modality of intervention and data of efficacy and safety of the ongoing prospective randomized studies are eagerly awaited.
Persistence of onchocerciasis and associated dermatologic and ophthalmic pathologies after 27 years of ivermectin mass drug administration in the middle belt of Ghana
Authors: Otabil Kenneth Bentum , Basáñez María‐Gloria , Ankrah Blessing , Opoku Stephen Agyemang , Kyei Dennis Ofori , Hagan Rhoda , Ababio Richmond , Bart‐Plange Emmanuel John , Babae Theophilus Nti , Kudzordzi Prince‐Charles , Darko Vera Achiaa , Bamfo Joseph G. , Ameyaw Joseph , Raji Abdul Sakibu , Hadermann Amber , Schallig Henk D. F. H. , Colebunders Robert 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjectivesThere is a pressing need to regularly evaluate the progress of onchocerciasis elimination programmes to timely identify and mitigate potential risks hindering the reaching of the 2030 targets proposed by the World Health Organization (WHO) in its roadmap on neglected tropical diseases (NTDs). We determined the prevalence of onchocerciasis and associated dermatological and ophthalmological manifestations in six endemic communities in the Bono Region of Ghana after 27 years of ivermectin mass treatment.MethodsIn a cross‐sectional study, 564 participants aged ≥5 years were enrolled (49.1% females), with a median age of 26 (range: 5–89) years. In 54% and 47%, skin‐snip microscopy and Ov16 rapid diagnostic tests were performed, respectively. Skin disease was determined using the WHO Skin NTD App. Visual function assessments included tests of visual acuity.ResultsThe overall microfilarial prevalence was 12.5% (38/305) and Ov16 seroprevalence was 24.2% (64/265). Severe itching was recorded in 24.3%, acute papular onchodermatitis in 52.8%, chronic papular onchodermatitis in 12.5%, lichenified onchodermatitis in 0.7%, skin atrophy in 11.3%, depigmentation in 1.7% and palpable nodules in 5.3%. Of the 301 persons in which visual acuity was examined, 17% were visually impaired and 5.3% were blind and 47.3% presented with cataract. Chronic papular onchodermatitis, lichenified onchodermatitis, depigmentation and visual impairment were significantly associated with the presence of skin microfilariae and Ov16 seropositivity.ConclusionsThe persistence of Onchocerca volvulus infection and onchocerciasis‐associated dermatological and ophthalmological pathologies after prolonged treatment is of concern. There is a need to include morbidity management in onchocerciasis elimination programmes and understand better patterns of treatment coverage, adherence and actual intake of ivermectin.
The socioeconomic impact of Special Economic Zones: Evidence from Cambodia
Authors: Brussevich Mariya 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis study examines the socioeconomic impact of Special Economic Zones (SEZs) in Cambodia—a prominent place‐based policy established in 2005. The paper employs a database on existing and future SEZs in Cambodia with matched household surveys at the district level and documents stylized facts on SEZs in a low‐income country setting. To identify the causal effects of the SEZ program, the paper (i) constructs an alternative control group including future SEZ program participants and districts adjacent to SEZ hosts; and (ii) employs a propensity score weighting technique. The study finds that entry of SEZs increases employment and leads to a decline in income inequality at a district level. Gains in female employment is the key channel explaining rising employment rates. The paper also finds that school drop‐out rates are higher in districts with clusters of multiple SEZs.
The Artificial as an Intelligent Indigenous/Indigenizing System
Authors: r e a  , Biddle Jennifer L. , Hibberd Lily 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis article explores the vital importance of the sensory at the nexus of the artificial and real life. Co‐existing within colonial histories, the artificial and lived are bound up with intractable violence and inequities driven by capitalist, militarist, and anthropocentric trajectories. Our collaborative article examines the 30‐year practice of the non‐binary, Gamilaraay/Wailwan/Biripi artist r e a. As we contend, r e a's experimental media arts practice pivots on sensory and affective truth‐telling of the “artificial”. Their work is a re‐Indigenization of country, body, and experience, specifically because digital art represents an “unoccupied space” for counter‐historical transformation.
Retrospective evaluation of the clinical course and outcome of zinc toxicosis due to metallic foreign bodies in dogs (2005–2021): 55 cases
Authors: Henke Cameron S. , Beal Matthew W. , Walton Rebecca A. L. , Finstad Joanna B. , Newmans Brooke K. , Sliman Michael P. , Racette Molly A. , Levy Nyssa A. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the overall clinical course of zinc toxicosis in dogs including source, time to source control, incidence of hemolytic anemia, acute liver injury (ALI), acute kidney injury (AKI), and pancreatitis.DesignRetrospective case series from 2005 to 2021.SettingSix university veterinary teaching hospitals.AnimalsFifty‐five client‐owned dogs with known zinc toxicosis due to metallic foreign body (MFB) ingestion.Measurements and Main ResultsThe most common source of zinc was US pennies minted after 1982 (67.3%). Forty‐five of 55 (81.8%) dogs survived and 10 of 55 (18.2%) died or were euthanized. Median length of hospitalization for survivors and nonsurvivors was 3 days. The most common clinical sequelae of zinc toxicosis were anemia (87%), ALI (82%), coagulopathy (71%), thrombocytopenia (30.5%), AKI (26.9%), and acute pancreatitis (5.5%). Most dogs (67.3%) required blood products and 83% of dogs achieved a stable HCT or PCV in a median of 24 hours after MFB removal. The median duration of illness prior to presentation was 48 hours for both survivors and nonsurvivors and there was no impact of time to presentation on the incidence of ALI, AKI, or pancreatitis.ConclusionsZinc toxicosis secondary to MFB ingestion should be considered a differential diagnosis for dogs with gastrointestinal signs, hemolytic anemia, ALI, hemostatic abnormalities, AKI, and pancreatitis. AKI may be a more common sequela of zinc toxicosis than previously suspected. Acute pancreatitis is a rare but potentially serious sequela to zinc toxicosis.
MyoLoop: Design, development and validation of a standalone bioreactor for pathophysiological electromechanical in vitro cardiac studies
Authors: Pitoulis Fotios G. , Smith Jacob J. , Pamias‐Lopez Blanca , de Tombe Pieter P. , Hayman Danika , Terracciano Cesare M. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMechanical load is one of the main determinants of cardiac structure and function. Mechanical load is studied in vitro using cardiac preparations together with loading protocols (e.g., auxotonic, isometric). However, such studies are often limited by reductionist models and poorly simulated mechanical load profiles. This hinders the physiological relevance of findings. Living myocardial slices have been used to study load in vitro. Living myocardial slices (LMS) are 300‐μm‐thick intact organotypic preparations obtained from explanted animal or human hearts. They have preserved cellular populations and the functional, structural, metabolic and molecular profile of the tissue from which they are prepared. Using a three‐element Windkessel (3EWK) model we previously showed that LMSs can be cultured while performing cardiac work loops with different preload and afterload. Under such conditions, LMSs remodel as a function of the mechanical load applied to them (physiological load, pressure or volume overload). These studies were conducted in commercially available length actuators that had to be extensively modified for culture experiments. In this paper, we demonstrate the design, development and validation of a novel device, MyoLoop. MyoLoop is a bioreactor that can pace, thermoregulate, acquire and process data, and chronically load LMSs and other cardiac tissues in vitro. In MyoLoop, load is parametrised using a 3EWK model, which can be used to recreate physiological and pathological work loops and the remodelling response to these. We believe MyoLoop is the next frontier in basic cardiovascular research enabling reductionist but physiologically relevant in vitro mechanical studies.
Turn-Down Capability of Ansaldo Energia's AE94.3A
Authors: Piola Stefano , Bavassano Francesco , Benvenuto Marcello , Canepa Roberto , Garbarino Tiziano , Pestelli Elena 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
At an ever-faster pace, market's requirements for operational flexibility and turn-down capabilities are fundamental for heavy-duty gas turbines. Gas turbine energy plants require the lowest minimum environmental load (MEL) for times when the power request is mainly covered by renewable sources and, however, need to promptly respond to green energy shortages. Ansaldo Energia has addressed such requirements overall its gas turbine portfolio, recently including GT26, as discussed in GT2021-59457. This paper addresses the MEL reduction for AE94.3A via a modular upgrade package intended for the 110+ units Service fleet. To accomplish that, several features were designed and tested including variable inlet guide vanes (VIGV) extra-closure, air bypass through compressor blow-off lines, and extended use of anti-ice air recirculation. None of these require major hardware changes but only upgrades within a normal service outage, together with minor control system adaptations. The wide-ranging technical challenges attached to the MEL reduction features are discussed. Validation on field via special instrumentation focused on compressor, secondary air system (SAS), and turbine for several engines is also presented. The achieved minimum environmental load reduction is shown and its potential discussed together with some features already in place, such as the use of CO catalyzer or the regulation of control valves put on external cooling lines. The readiness and performance level of this MEL upgrade package, already in operation on several power plants, is here demonstrated. This makes the AE94.3A gas turbine more flexible toward current and future market requirements.