bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Yield response of wheat and barley to inoculation of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria at various levels of nitrogen fertilization
Authors: Ozturk Ali , Caglar Ozcan , Sahin Fikrettin 
Published: April 2003

AbstractThe yield response of a wheat (Kirik) and a barley (Tokak 157/37) cultivar to inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense Sp246 and Bacillus sp. OSU‐142 was studied in relation to three levels of N fertilization (0, 40, and 80 kg ha–1) under field conditions in Erzurum, Turkey, in 1999 and 2000. Seed inoculation with A. brasilense Sp246 significantly affected yield and yield components, both in wheat and barley. On average of years and N doses, inoculation with A. brasilense Sp246 increased spike number per m2, grain number per spike, grain yield, and crude protein content by 7.2, 5.9, 14.7, and 4.1 % in wheat and by 6.6, 8.1, 17.5, and 5.1 % in barley, respectively, as compared to control. Inoculation with Bacillus sp. OSU‐142 significantly increased kernel number per spike in wheat, but no significant effect was determined in the other characteristics. Grain yields and yield components were also higher at all levels of nitrogen fertilizer in the inoculated plots as compared to the control. However, these increases diminished at high fertilizer levels. These results suggest that application of the growth promoting bacteria A. brasilense Sp246 may have the potential to be used as a biofertilizer for spring wheat and barley cultivation in organic and low‐N input agriculture.
Effects of Diffusion‐Controlled Radical Reactions on RAFT Polymerization
Authors: Wang Aileen R. , Zhu Shiping 
Published: April 2003

AbstractThe ‘livingness’ of a controlled radical polymerization process such as reversible addition–fragmentation transfer polymerization (RAFT) depends on the rapid deactivation of propagating radicals (the radical addition reaction in RAFT) that suppresses radical termination reactions. However, at high monomer conversions when the polymerization system becomes viscous, polymer chains may experience diffusion limitations and the radical reactions (radical addition and termination) readily become diffusion controlled. The effects of the diffusion‐controlled reactions on the RAFT kinetics and molecular‐weight development are investigated in this work using a modeling approach. It is demonstrated that the diffusion‐controlled radical termination accelerates the polymerization rate and improves the control of polymer molecular weight, while the diffusion‐controlled radical addition also accelerates the rate but broadens the molecular‐weight distribution. This model elucidates the magnitudes and changes for various types of chains involved in the RAFT, i.e., propagating radical chain, adduct radical chain, dormant chain, and dead chain.
Polydispersity vs conversion of diffusion‐controlled radical termination (left) and diffusion‐controlled radical addition (right).magnified imagePolydispersity vs conversion of diffusion‐controlled radical termination (left) and diffusion‐controlled radical addition (right).
A new device for investigating the hydro‐mechanical properties of rock joints
Authors: Hans J. , Boulon M. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractA new experimental system composed of two devices is presented for studying the hydraulic conductivity of rock joints and other interfaces in relation with their mechanical loading. This system allows for investigations on the anisotropy of the hydraulic conductivity, as well as for its heterogeneity. The first device controls the injection of a fluid, regulated in pressure or discharge near the centre of the sample of rock joint, which produces a quasi‐radial flow within the joint. The output flow is measured in real time using a sectorized peripheral membrane for acquisition of data about the directionality or anisotropy of the flow. The second device allows for the measurement of the evolution of the morphology and of the void map of the rock joints during their mechanical loading (compression or shearing). It is a laser beam moved by an (x, y) frame. This frame is installed within the shear box at several stages of the loading, after temporarily moving one rock wall away from the other one, but without unmounting them from the shear box. After the presentation of the experimental system, and of its performances, we give some examples of test results of replicas of rock joints, loaded in compression and shearing. First, these results show that the change in global transmissivity of the samples is strongly correlated with the normal relative displacement of the rock walls. Several statistical analyses of the change in the void map, taking into account the damage of the asperities of the joint, are presented and compared with the results of the directional output flows. Today further studies involving a FEM as well as a finite volume modelling of the flow within the joints, based on the measured void map are in progress for a more precise comparison to the experimental results. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The carbon clathrate hex‐C16
Authors: Benedek Giorgio , Bernasconi Marco , Gambirasio Alfredo 
Published: April 2003

AbstractDiamond‐like clathrates ideally obtained from the coalescence of carbon cages form a wide class of hypothetical carbon crystals which can be designed from topological arguments. The structural and electronic properties of a novel hexagonal carbon clathrate with a full four‐fold coordination and only 16 atoms per unit cell are obtained from first‐principle density‐functional calculations and compared to those of other diamond‐like crystalline forms.
A meta‐analysis of studies on the association of the platelet PlA polymorphism of glycoprotein IIIa and risk of coronary heart disease
Authors: Burr Deborah , Doss Hani , Cooke Glen E. , Goldschmidt‐Clermont Pascal J. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractThe PlA2 polymorphism of the glycoprotein IIIa subunit of the fibrinogen receptor (GPIIb‐IIIa) has been reported by some studies to be associated with an increased risk of coronary thrombosis. Following the first paper on the subject in 1996, a large number of studies have investigated the relationship between this polymorphism and coronary thrombosis, either at the epidemiological or at the cellular and molecular levels. The cellular and molecular studies have shown in a consistent manner that this polymorphism increases platelet responsiveness. In contrast, epidemiological studies have generated inconsistent results regarding the clinical impact of PlA2. We consider 12 epidemiological studies that investigate the link between presence/absence of this polymorphism and presence/absence of coronary heart disease. Each is a case‐control study that reports an odds ratio. The studies are not directly comparable because they differ greatly in their patient pools and also in the way the data are analysed. We present several meta‐analyses of these 12 studies. The simplest one is based on a standard frequentist random effects model with a normal distribution for the study effects (the per‐study population log‐odds ratios). We also consider a Bayesian version of this model, with a diffuse prior for the mean and variance of the normal distribution of the study effects. The conclusions from both of these analyses is about the same, and is that there is evidence that the PlA2 polymorphism is associated with an increased risk of coronary heart disease. A look at the reported log‐odds ratios across studies suggests that the study effects do not come from a symmetric distribution. For this reason, we also consider semi‐parametric priors for the distribution of the study effects. These priors are specifically designed for this kind of meta‐analysis, and are based on a certain class of mixtures of Dirichlet priors. They can be designed to concentrate most of their mass around the family of normal distributions, but still allow for any other distribution. The semi‐parametric Bayesian model continues to give evidence of an association between the PlA2 polymorphism and the risk of coronary heart disease. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modelling the random effects covariance matrix in longitudinal data
Authors: Daniels Michael J. , Zhao Yan D. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractA common class of models for longitudinal data are random effects (mixed) models. In these models, the random effects covariance matrix is typically assumed constant across subject. However, in many situations this matrix may differ by measured covariates. In this paper, we propose an approach to model the random effects covariance matrix by using a special Cholesky decomposition of the matrix. In particular, we will allow the parameters that result from this decomposition to depend on subject‐specific covariates and also explore ways to parsimoniously model these parameters. An advantage of this parameterization is that there is no concern about the positive definiteness of the resulting estimator of the covariance matrix. In addition, the parameters resulting from this decomposition have a sensible interpretation. We propose fully Bayesian modelling for which a simple Gibbs sampler can be implemented to sample from the posterior distribution of the parameters. We illustrate these models on data from depression studies and examine the impact of heterogeneity in the covariance matrix on estimation of both fixed and random effects. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A standard test for AGCMs including their physical parametrizations: I: the proposal
Authors: Neale R. B. , Hoskins B. J. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractTo assist model intercomparison and development of a set of eight numerical experiments is proposed as a test‐bed for the interaction of dynamics and physical parameterizations in atmospheric GCMs. The framework for the experiments is that of an aqua‐planet and the prescribed sea‐surface temperatures (SSTs) are highly idealized. Copyright © 2001 Royal Meteorological Society.
Spin Trapping of the Nitrogen-centered Radicals. Characterization of the DMPO/DEPMPO Spin Adducts
Authors: Migita Catharina T , Migita Kouto 
Published: April 2003

Abstract
To develop the spin trapping utility for the detection of N-centered radicals generated in biological systems, 5,5′-dimethylpyrroline-1-oxide (DMPO) and 5-diethoxyphosphoryl-5-methyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide (DEPMPO), have been applied for the detection of chemically generated N-centered radicals in aqueous solution. Both spin traps yielded N-radical adducts, which were characterized by the EPR parameters.
Silica Supported Sodium Hydrogen Sulfate and Amberlyst‐15: Two Efficient Heterogeneous Catalysts for Facile Synthesis of Bis‐ and Tris(1H‐indol‐3‐yl)methanes from Indoles and Carbonyl Compounds[1]
Authors: Ramesh Chimmani , Banerjee Joydeep , Pal Rammohan , Das Biswanath 
Published: April 2003

AbstractBis‐ and tris(1H‐indol‐3‐yl)methanes are synthesized in high yields by an electrophilic substitution reaction of indoles with carbonyl compounds under mild reaction conditions using two efficient heterogeneous catalysts, silica supported sodium hydrogen sulfate (NaHSO4⋅SiO2) and amberlyst‐15. The second catalyst can be reused.
Species‐specific usage of sleeping sites in two sympatric mouse lemur species (Microcebus murinus and M. ravelobensis) in northwestern Madagascar
Authors: Radespiel Ute , Ehresmann Petra , Zimmermann Elke 
Published: April 2003

AbstractWe investigated the sleeping site ecology of two sympatric mouse lemur species (Microcebus murinus and M. ravelobensis) in northwestern Madagascar during the second half of the dry season with respect to the type, quality, and usage pattern of the sleeping sites, as well as to social sleeping habits and response to potential threats. The type and quality of the sleeping sites differed between the two species. M. murinus used protected wooden shelters (tree holes) more frequently than M. ravelobensis, and M. ravelobensis used a broader variety of less protected sites (e.g., branches, lianas, and leaves) than M. murinus. Whereas male M. murinus usually slept alone, and female M. murinus mostly slept in groups, both sexes of M. ravelobensis slept in mixed‐sex sleeping groups. M. murinus relied on crypsis in their sleeping sites, whereas M. ravelobensis regularly showed a flight response to the approach of an observer. This behavioral difference could indicate an adaptation to a higher predation risk in less protected sleeping sites. Whereas female M. murinus showed a high site fidelity, male M. murinus and both sexes of M. ravelobensis frequently changed their sleeping sites, which may also be interpreted as an antipredator strategy. The results are discussed with respect to three possible ecological explanations: interspecies competition, restricted resource availability, and niche differentiation. The latter is the most likely explanation for these interspecific differences. Am. J. Primatol. 59:139–151, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Clinal variation of maxillary sinus volume in Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata)
Authors: Rae Todd C. , Hill Russell A. , Hamada Yuzuru , Koppe Thomas 
Published: April 2003

AbstractMacaques (genus Macaca) are unique among cercopithecids in that they possess a maxillary sinus, and among anthropoids in that they demonstrate a relatively weak relationship between the size of this sinus and the cranium. To test the hypothesis that extrinsic factors may contribute to maxillary sinus size variation, a sample of 46 Japanese macaque (M. fuscata) crania from known localities were subjected to computed tomography (CT) imaging, and sinus volume and nasal cavity area were analyzed relative to latitude and temperature variables. The results suggest that the environmental factors are significant determinants of nasal cavity size in Japanese macaques, but that the relationships between the environment and maxillary sinus volume (MSV) are probably a passive consequence of changes in the size of the nasal cavity. The sinus shrinks as the nasal cavity expands, due to an increased need to condition inspired air in colder climates. This in turn suggests that the sinus itself does not contribute significantly to upper respiratory function. Am. J. Primatol. 59:153–158, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of amino acids on cryopreservation of cynomolgus monkey (macaca fascicularis) sperm
Authors: Li Yahui , Si Wei , Zhang Xiuzhen , Dinnyes Andras , Ji Weizhi 
Published: April 2003

AbstractThe effects of three amino acids (proline, glutamine, and glycine) added to the freezing medium Tes‐Tris‐egg yolk (TTE) for cryopreservation of cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis) spermatozoa were studied. This is the first report on the effects of amino acids on nonhuman primate sperm cryopreservation. The addition of 5mM proline, 10mM glutamine, and 10 or 20mM glycine each significantly improved post‐thaw sperm motility and membrane and acrosome integrity compared with the control (TTE alone). However, a significant decrease in motility and membrane/acrosome integrity was observed when amino acid concentrations increased to 60mM for proline and glutamine, and 80mM for glycine. The results suggest that adding a limited amount of amino acids to the freezing media is beneficial for freezing cynomolgus monkey sperm. Am. J. Primatol. 59:159–165, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Stent deployment for peripheral venous stenosis as a result of radiation therapy
Authors: Franklin Wayne J. , Strickman Neil E. , Hall Robert J. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractArterial occlusive disease is a well‐known complication of radiation therapy, but venous thrombosis and occlusion after radiotherapy may also occur. We report the use of an endovascular stent to treat a patient who developed peripheral venous stenosis 4 years after radiation therapy for malignant melanoma. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2003;59: 60–62. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A role for innate immunity in type 1 diabetes?
Authors: Beyan H. , Buckley L. R. , Yousaf N. , Londei M. , Leslie R. D. G. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractTwo arms of the immune system, innate and adaptive immunity, differ in their mode of immune recognition. The innate immune system recognizes a few highly conserved structures on a broad range of microorganisms. On the other hand, recognition of self or autoreactivity is generally confined to the adaptive immune response. Whilst autoimmune features are relatively common, they should be distinguished from autoimmune disease that is infrequent. Type 1 diabetes is an immune‐mediated disease due to the destruction of insulin secreting cells mediated by aggressive immune responses, including activation of the adaptive immune system following genetic and environmental interaction. Hypotheses for the cause of the immune dysfunction leading to type 1 diabetes include self‐reactive T‐cell clones that (1) escape deletion in the thymus, (2) escape from peripheral tolerance or (3) escape from homeostatic control with an alteration in the immune balance leading to autoimmunity. Evidence, outlined in this review, raises the possibility that changes in the innate immune system could lead to autoimmunity, by either priming or promoting aggressive adaptive immune responses. Hostile microorganisms are identified by genetically determined surface receptors on innate effector cells, thereby promoting clearance of these invaders. These innate effectors include a few relatively inflexible cell populations such as monocytes/macrophages, dendritic cells (DC), natural killer (NK) cells, natural killer T (NKT) cells and γδ T cells. Recent studies have identified abnormalities in some of these cells both in patients with type 1 diabetes and in those at risk of the disease. However, it remains unclear whether these abnormalities in innate effector cells predispose to autoimmune disease. If they were to do so, then modulation of the innate immune system could be of therapeutic value in preventing immune‐mediated diseases such as type 1 diabetes. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Induction of long‐term normoglycemia without medication in Korean type 2 diabetes patients after continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion therapy
Authors: Park Sunmin , Choi Soo Bong 
Published: April 2003

AbstractBackgroundOur previous studies showed that some Korean type 2 diabetic patients could maintain long‐term normal blood glucose control without any medication, referred to as remission after a certain period of normalization of blood glucose level by continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) treatment. In this study we determined the clinical characteristics that influenced the induction of remission.MethodsNinety‐one type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) patients were treated with CSII therapy. Follow‐up examinations took place monthly, for sixteen months, at an outpatient clinic where blood glucose levels and insulin dosage were monitored.ResultsOverall, in 34.4% of all subjects, remission was induced after 53.6 ± 38.9 days of CSII therapy and lasted for an average of 13.6 ± 8.9 months during the study period. The total daily insulin dosage given to normalize blood glucose levels reached a maximum dosage at 7.3 ± 1.2 days and gradually decreased in all subjects. It did not significantly decrease beyond 14.4 ± 2.7 days of therapy in patients who did not experience remission, but did continuously decrease and reached zero in patients with remission. Remission rates were higher when patients started CSII therapy with a shorter history of diabetes, lower postprandial blood glucose levels, higher body mass index (BMI), and fewer chronic diabetic complications.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that CSII therapy can induce remission in a significant proportion of Korean type 2 DM patients. The possibility of remission is higher if the severity of glucose toxicity is lower at the initiation stage of the therapy. It is suggested that CSII therapy might be considered as an early treatment for type 2 diabetic patients. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Polyol pathway and protein kinase C activity of rat Schwannoma cells
Authors: Kamiya Hideki , Nakamura Jiro , Hamada Yoji , Nakashima Eitaro , Naruse Keiko , Kato Koichi , Yasuda Yutaka , Hotta Nigishi 
Published: April 2003

AbstractBackgroundPolyol pathway hyperactivity‐induced decreases in protein kinase C (PKC) activities have been proposed as a pathogenic mechanism of diabetic neuropathy. Increased PKC activities have recently been invoked in the pathogenesis of other diabetic complications, especially retinopathy, nephropathy, and macroangiopathy. However, it remains unclear whether PKC activities in neural cells such as Schwann cells are increased, decreased, or unchanged. This study investigated the effects of high glucose and increased polyol pathway activity on neural cell growth and PKC activities.MethodsRat Schwannoma cells were cultured in 5.5 or 20 mM glucose in the presence or absence of an aldose reductase inhibitor, epalrestat (1 µM) for 14 days. Proliferation activities, PKC activities, and the protein expression of PKC isoforms were measured.ResultsProliferation and PKC activities under the 20 mM glucose condition were significantly decreased compared to those under the 5.5 mM glucose condition and were prevented by epalrestat. Among PKC isoforms, the protein expression of PKC‐α under the 20 mM glucose condition was significantly reduced compared to that under the 5.5 mM glucose condition. Epalrestat significantly inhibited the decreased expression of PKC‐α protein. There were no significant changes in the protein expression of PKC‐β.ConclusionsThese results suggest that PKC, especially PKC‐α activity, is decreased in Schwann cells exposed to high glucose and that this deficit is mediated through polyol pathway hyperactivity. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evidence for distinct genetic effects on obesity and lipid‐related CVD risk factors in diabetic compared to nondiabetic American Indians: the Strong Heart Family Study
Authors: North Kari E. , MacCluer Jean W. , Williams Jeff T. , Welty Thomas K. , Best Lyle G. , Lee Elisa T. , Fabsitz Richard R. , Howard Barbara V. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractBackgroundThe relationship between diabetes and increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk is well established. Previous data from the Strong Heart Family Study (SHFS) have demonstrated significant heritabilities for CVD risk factors and implicated diabetes as an important predictor of several of the phenotypes in three large groups of American Indians in Arizona (AZ), Oklahoma (OK), and the Dakotas (DK). However, the genetic architecture of this relationship is not well understood. The purpose of the present paper is to determine whether the genetic effects on CVD risk factors in the SHFS are different in diabetic and nondiabetic individuals.MethodsApproximately 950 men and women, 18 years or older, in 32 extended families, were examined between 1997 and 1999. Interaction between genotype and diabetes status was estimated for nine CVD risk factors [body fat mass (FAT), body mass index (BMI), high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C), log‐transformed fibrinogen, log‐transformed triglycerides, log‐transformed urinary albumin : creatinine ratio (LACR), plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI‐1), systolic blood pressure (SBP), and waist‐to‐hip ratio (WHR)], using a maximum likelihood variance decomposition technique.ResultsWe found evidence that genetic factors influencing BMI, FAT, log‐transformed triglycerides, HDL‐C, and WHR are differentially expressed in individuals with diabetes compared to those without diabetes.ConclusionThus, in the environmental and genetic milieu of diabetes, there may be distinct genetic determinants of various CVD risk factors. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.