bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DESCRIPTIVE PROFILES OF ROASTED PEANUTS STORED AT VARYING TEMPERATURES AND HUMIDITY CONDITIONS
Authors: LEE C.M. , RESURRECCION A.V.A. 
Published: February 2005

ABSTRACTRoasted peanuts were stored at 20 treatment combinations of water activities (0.33, 0.44, 0.54, 0.67, 0.75) and temperatures (23, 30, 35, 40C), and evaluated after storing for 0, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, and 110% of estimated shelf life, ranging from 0 to 91 days. Regression models indicated that increasing storage time and storage water activity resulted in decreasing crispness, crunchiness, hardness, roasted peanutty, sweet aromatic, salty, bitter and sweet attributes and increasing fracturability, chewiness, tooth packing and cardboard flavor. Storage temperature did not contribute to regression models of textural properties of roasted peanuts. Increasing storage temperature resulted in a faster rate of decrease for roasted peanutty and faster rate of increase of cardboard flavor. Roasted peanuts stored between 0.33 and 0.41 awat 23C are predicted to have the least change in sensory properties after 68 and 91 days respectively.
THERMAL PERCEPTIONS AND PREFERENCES IN INDOOR ENVIRONMENTS
Authors: PETIT CECILE , SIEKIERSKI EDOUARD , DANZART MARC 
Published: February 2005

ABSTRACT Sensory analysis was applied to the study of thermal perception, in order to determine and characterize end‐users’ preferences concerning five indoor thermal environments generated by different heating systems. In this review, we developed a sensory profile method to describe and quantify the sensory characteristics of the thermal environments. A consumer test was also performed in order to investigate the hedonic judgment of 119 end users. The results show that trained assessors are able to describe and quantify sensory differences between the environments with high reliability. Consumers’ preferences are influenced by both their thermal sensations in the environments, as expressed by the sensory panel, and their personal opinions of the corresponding heating systems.
STUDY ON SENSORY AND COMPOSITION CHANGES IN ITALIAN AMARONE VALPOLICELLA RED WINE DURING AGING
Authors: PAGLIARINI ELLA , TOMASELLI NICO , BRENNA ORESTE V. 
Published: February 2005

ABSTRACT Amarone is a red wine produced with a technique already known to the ancient Romans, based on withered grapes and a slow fermentation. Amarone is now considered to be one of the great Italian wines and it is exported all over the world. Sensory and compositional analyses were carried out to describe the profile of the Amarone over four vintages (1998–2001) at different stages of aging. All wines were analyzed for titratable and volatile acidity, pH, alcohol content, residual sugars, t‐resveratrol, antioxidant power, color, tonality, total polyphenols and anthocyans. Twelve trained people evaluated aroma and flavor attributes of all the wines in triplicate in a sensory session. Principal component analysis (PCA) of chemical, physical and sensory data for Amarone wine allowed us to highlight the differences between the wines. In general, the 1998 and 1999 vintages had higher aroma and flavor of Wood and Alcohol than the 2000 vintage, which, on the other hand, had higher aroma and flavor of Liquor and Cherry in alcohol. In contrast, the younger wine (2001 vintage) was the more Astringent and had many polyphenols and anthocyans, distinctive features for a red wine that has been in the cask for a short time.
GWN-INDUCED BURSTING, SPIKING, AND RANDOM SUBTHRESHOLD IMPULSING OSCILLATION BEFORE HOPF BIFURCATIONS IN THE CHAY MODEL
Authors: YANG ZHUOQIN , LU QISHAO , GU HUAGUANG , REN WEI 
Published: February 2005

Gaussian white noise (GWN), as an intrinsic noise source, can give rise to various firing activities at the rest state before a supercritical or subcritical Hopf bifurcation (supH or subH) in the Chay system without or with external current input, when VK, VC, λn and I are considered as changeable control parameters. These firing activities are closely related to the global bifurcation mechanism of the whole system and the fast/slow dynamical subsystems, and can be tackled by means of bifurcation analysis. GWN can induce some typical bursting phenomena in the stochastic Chay system. Firstly, integer multiple "fold/homoclinic" or "circle/homoclinic" bursting due to GWN, with only one spike per burst, can arise from rest states before both subH and supH (with respect to the parameter VK), and their respective trajectories have the same shape and property. However, less spikes appear and their peaks are lower before supH, comparing with those before subH. Secondly, a "fold/fold" point–point hysteresis loop bursting due to GWN is generated before supH (with respect to the parameter VC) on the upper branch of a "Z"-shaped bifurcation curve between two fold bifurcations of the fast system. Thirdly, at a rest state before subH (with respect to the additional current I) situated on the lower branch of a "S"-shaped bifurcation curve between two fold bifurcations of the fast system, a GWN-induced firing pattern appears and is classified as "Hopf/homoclinic" bursting via "fold/homoclinic" point–point hysteresis loop. GWN-induced firing activities other than bursting can also be observed in the stochastic Chay system. For example, sometimes GWN-induced continuous spiking without any particular shape may arise at a rest state before supH (with respect to the parameter VK) for certain values of parameters. Moreover, under the situation that a stable node and a stable focus coexist before subH (with respect to the parameter I) and the attractive region of the stable node is larger than that of the stable focus, GWN only provoke random subthreshold impulsing oscillation near the stable node.
Structure and Superconducting Properties of the Bi1.4Pb0.6Sr4-xCaxCu3.8Oy System (0≤x≤4)
Authors: Lee Hee-Gyoun , Kim Chan-Joong , Won Dong-Yeon 
Published: February 2005

Samples of Bi1.4Pb0.6Sr4-x
Ca
x
Cu3.8O
y
(0≤x≤4) were prepared by sintering at various temperatures (805°C–870°C). The structure and superconducting properties of Bi1.4Pb0.6Sr4-x
Ca
x
Cu3.8O
y
were altered by varying the Sr/Ca ratio. For x=0 and 0.5, the c parameter of the unit cell was ∼25 Å and no superconductivity was observed down to 77 K. For x=1 and 1.5, the c parameter was ∼31 Å, and T
c end and T
c onset were 81 K and ∼90 K, respectively. For x=2 and 2.5, the c parameter was ∼37 Å and T
c end and T
c onset were 91 K and ∼105 K, respectively. For x=3 and 3.5, the c parameter was ∼31 Å and T
c onset was 80 K, but zero resistivity did not appear down to 77 K. On the basis of these results, the structure and superconductivity of the Pb-doped BiSrCaCuO system are discussed.
The Interaction of the Madden–Julian Oscillation and the Arctic Oscillation
Authors: Zhou Shuntai , Miller Alvin J. 
Published: February 2005

Abstract
Tropical and extratropical interactions on the intraseasonal time scale are studied in the context of the Arctic Oscillation (AO) and the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO). To simplify the discussion, a high (low) MJO phase is defined as strong (suppressed) convective activity over the Indian Ocean. In the Northern Hemisphere (NH) winter season, a high (low) AO phase is found more likely coupled with a high (low) MJO phase. Based on the regressed patterns and composites of various dynamical fields and quantities, possible mechanisms linking the AO and the MJO are examined. The analysis indicates that the MJO influence on extratropical circulations seems more evident than the AO influence on tropical circulations. The MJO interacts with the AO through meridional dispersion of Rossby waves in the Pacific sector. The geopotential height anomaly center over the North Pacific associated with the MJO can either reinforce or offset the AO Pacific action center. As a result, the AO pattern can be greatly affected by the MJO. When the AO and the MJO are in the same (opposite) phase, the Pacific action center becomes much stronger (weaker) than the Atlantic action center. The eddy momentum transports associated with the MJO in the Pacific sector are closely related to the retraction and extension of tropical Pacific easterlies and the subtropical Asian–Pacific jet. Because of its large scale, this regional effect is also reflected in the zonal mean state of wave transport and wave forcing on zonal wind, which in turn affects the phase of the AO.
The Aleutian Low and Winter Climatic Conditions in the Bering Sea. Part I: Classification*
Authors: Rodionov S. N. , Overland J. E. , Bond N. A. 
Published: February 2005

Abstract
The Aleutian low is examined as a primary determinant of surface air temperature (SAT) variability in the Bering Sea during the winter [December–January–February–March (DJFM)] months. The Classification and Regression Tree (CART) method is used to classify five types of atmospheric circulation for anomalously warm months (W1–W5) and cold months (C1–C5). For the Bering Sea, changes in the position of the Aleutian low are shown to be more important than changes in its central pressure. The first two types, W1 and C1, account for 51% of the “warm” and 37% of the “cold” months. The W1-type pattern is characterized by the anomalously deep Aleutian low shifted west and north of its mean position. In this situation, an increased cyclonic activity occurs in the western Bering Sea. The C1-type pattern represents a split Aleutian low with one center in the northwestern Pacific and the other in the Gulf of Alaska. The relative frequency of the W1 to C1 types of atmospheric circulation varies on decadal time scales, which helps to explain the predominance of fluctuations on these time scales in the weather of the Bering Sea. Previous work has noted the prominence of multidecadal variability in the North Pacific. The present study finds multidecadal variations in frequencies of the W3 and C3 patterns, both of which are characterized by increased cyclonic activity south of 51°N. In general, the CART method is found to be a suitable means for characterizing the wintertime atmospheric circulation of the North Pacific in terms of its impact on the Bering Sea. The results show that similar pressure anomaly patterns for the North Pacific as a whole can actually result in different conditions for the Bering Sea, and that similar weather conditions in the Bering Sea can arise from decidedly different large-scale pressure patterns.
Biophysical Feedbacks in the Tropical Pacific
Authors: Marzeion Ben , Timmermann Axel , Murtugudde Ragu , Jin Fei-Fei 
Published: February 2005

Abstract
This study explores the influence of phytoplankton on the tropical Pacific heat budget. A hybrid coupled model for the tropical Pacific that is based on a primitive equation reduced-gravity multilayer ocean model, a dynamic ocean mixed layer, an atmospheric mixed layer, and a statistical atmosphere is used. The statistical atmosphere relates deviations of the sea surface temperature from its mean to wind stress anomalies and allows for the rectification of the annual cycle and the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon through the positive Bjerknes feedback. Furthermore, a nine-component ecosystem model is coupled to the physical variables of the ocean. The simulated chlorophyll concentrations can feed back onto the ocean heat budget by their optical properties, which modify solar light absorption in the surface layers. It is shown that both the surface layer concentration as well as the vertical profile of chlorophyll have a significant effect on the simulated mean state, the tropical annual cycle, and ENSO. This study supports a previously suggested hypothesis (Timmermann and Jin) that predicts an influence of phytoplankton concentration of the tropical Pacific climate mean state and its variability. The bioclimate feedback diagnosed here works as follows: Maxima in the subsurface chlorophyll concentrations lead to an enhanced subsurface warming due to the absorption of photosynthetically available shortwave radiation. This warming triggers a deepening of the mixed layer in the eastern equatorial Pacific and eventually a reduction of the surface ocean currents (Murtugudde et al.). The weakened south-equatorial current generates an eastern Pacific surface warming, which is strongly enhanced by the Bjerknes feedback. Because of the deepening of the mixed layer, the strength of the simulated annual cycle is also diminished. This in turn leads to an increase in ENSO variability.
Time-based gene expression programme following diaphragm injury in a rat model
Authors: Mehiri S. N. , Barreiro E. , Hayot M. , Voyer M. , Comtois A. S. , Grassino A. E. , Czaika G. 
Published: February 2005

It was hypothesised that diaphragm injury activates a time-based programme of gene expression in muscle repair.Gene expression of different substances, such as proteases (calpain 94 (p94)), transcription factors (myogenin and cFos), growth factors (both basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-II), and structural proteins (myosin heavy chain (MHC) and titin), was quantified by RT-PCR in rat diaphragms exposed to caffeine-induced injury. Injured and noninjured (control) rat hemidiaphragms were excised at different time points (1–240 h).In injured hemidiaphragms, in comparison with control muscles, p94 expression levels peaked at 1 h post-injury (PI), cFos mRNA levels began to rise, after an initial dip, and peaked at 96 h PI, while myogenin mRNA levels started to increase as early as 12 h PI, IGF-II mRNA levels initially decreased until 48 h PI and increased thereafter, peaking at 72 h PI, bFGF mRNA levels rose to a maximum at 96 h PI, and MHC and titin mRNA levels were significantly elevated at 72 h PI.Caffeine-induced diaphragm injury is followed by a time-based expression programme of different genes tailored to meet muscle repair needs.
Epidemiology ofPseudomonas aeruginosain a cystic fibrosis rehabilitation centre
Authors: Van daele S. G. , Franckx H. , Verhelst R. , Schelstraete P. , Haerynck F. , Van Simaey L. , Claeys G. , Vaneechoutte M. , de Baets F. 
Published: February 2005

Pseudomonas aeruginosais the leading pathogen in cystic fibrosis (CF) lungs. Since there is great concern about clonal spread in CF centres, this study examined theP. aeruginosagenotypes of colonised residents of a CF rehabilitation centre.The isolates from the sputum of 76P. aeruginosa-colonised patients were genotyped by fluorescent amplified fragment length polymorphism on arrival and departure.A total of 71 differentP. aeruginosagenotypes were identified from 749 isolates. Forty-nine patients had one genotype, 20 had two genotypes and seven had three. Forty-four patients had one or more genotypes in common with other patients (i.e.cluster types). Thirty-two patients were colonised by a single genotype not shared by any other patient. Thirty-eight of the 44 patients with a cluster type already carried their cluster type strain(s) on arrival. Patient-to-patient transmission could not be excluded for eight patients. For five of these, this infection was transient. None of the environmentalP. aeruginosaisolates had a genotype similar to the patients' genotypes.In summary, most patients were colonised by only one or twoP. aeruginosagenotypes and the risk of persistent patient-to-patient transmission was low during the study period (4%). Most patients with a cluster-type strain carried this strain on arrival, indicating that transmission could have happened in the past. No environmental contamination could be established.
Impaired pneumococcal antibody response in bronchiectasis of unknown aetiology
Authors: van Kessel D. A. , van Velzen-Blad H. , van den Bosch J. M. M. , Rijkers G. T. 
Published: February 2005

As a defective anti-polysaccharide response can exist in the absence of an immunoglobulin deficiency, a series of 26 patients with bronchiectasis of unknown aetiology was vaccinated with a 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine. All patients suffered from recurrent respiratory tract infections.When measuring total antibody levels to pneumococcal serotypes 3, 4 and 9, a normal polysaccharide antibody response was found in 22 patients. However, only 11 of these subjects showed a normal pneumococcal antibody response within the IgA and/or IgG2 subclass, and thus could be classified as true responders, while 15 patients did not respond in either the IgA class or in the IgG2 subclass.When analysing differences between the responder (n = 11) and nonresponder (n = 15) groups, the latter demonstrated higher frequencies of respiratory tract infections and more severe lung pathology, as revealed by the presence of more bronchi visualised in the peripheral third of the lung by high-resolution computed tomography scanning. Moreover, nonresponders needed extensive lung surgery more often in order to control their disease (number of resected segments eightversusfive).In conclusion, an important fraction of patients presenting with idiopathic bronchiectasis is associated with a selective anti-polysaccharide response deficiency and this subgroup appears to represent a more severe clinical phenotype. Therefore, it can be regarded as a separate clinical entity with possible therapeutic targets.In order to identify IgA and IgG2 anti-polysaccharide nonresponders, all patients presenting with bronchiectasis of unkown aetiology should be immunised with a pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine, and IgA and IgG2 isotype responses should be evaluated as well as the total antibody response.
Exhaled nitric oxide in 4-year-old children: relationship with asthma and atopy
Authors: Brussee J. E. , Smit H. A. , Kerkhof M. , Koopman L. P. , Wijga A. H. , Postma D. S. , Gerritsen J. , Grobbee D. E. , Brunekreef B. , de Jongste J. C. 
Published: February 2005

Airway inflammation is an early feature of asthma. Early detection and anti-inflammatory treatment may have important therapeutic impact. Exhaled nitric oxide is a noninvasive marker of airway inflammation. The current study investigated the association between exhaled nitric oxide and asthma, wheezing phenotypes, atopy and blood eosinophilia in a large group of 4-yr-old children from the general population.All children participated in the Prevention and Incidence of Asthma and Mite Allergy study, a birth cohort study of high-risk (atopic mother) and low-risk children in the Netherlands. Nitric oxide levels were successfully determined in 429 children.Although there was overlap in the distribution of values of children with and without asthma or atopy, mean values were higher in children with atopy or doctor's diagnosed asthma (geometric mean (ppb) 9.4 and 10.0, respectively) as compared to those without (7.7 and 7.9). Values were highest in atopic symptomatic children. Values were not associated with wheezing phenotype or blood eosinophilia.This study is one of the few large-scale epidemiological studies among 4-yr-old children from the general population showing that children with symptoms of asthma and atopy have higher levels of exhaled nitric oxide than those without.
Drug-susceptibility testing in tuberculosis: methods and reliability of results
Authors: Kim S. J. 
Published: February 2005

The demand for reliable drug-susceptibility testing (DST) increases with the expansion of antituberculosis drug-resistance surveillance, and with the need for an appropriate treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis, whose incidence gradually increases in many parts of the world. However, the reliability of DST results obtained through widely used methods does not meet acceptable levels, except for DST to isoniazid and rifampicin.In general, susceptibility results are highly predictable, while resistance results show low predictive values when the resistance prevalence is <10%. Poor reliability stems from a weak correlation with clinical response and a low reproducibility due to the poor standardisation of the complex and fragile test procedures. Therefore,in vitrocriteria of resistance for susceptibility testing should be carefully determined with representative clinical samples ofMycobacterium tuberculosisisolated from patients never treated with any antituberculosis drug, and from patients having failed treatment with a regimen containing the tested drug; DST should then be carefully standardised to obtain reproducible results.The critical concentration of some drugs is close to the minimal inhibitory concentration for wild susceptible strains and, thus, drug-susceptibility testing is prone to yield poorly reproducible results. These issues call for physicians' attention when using the results from drug-susceptibility testing for case management.
Maternal and fetal outcome of lupus pregnancy: a prospective study of 29 pregnancies
Authors: Molad Y , Borkowski T , Monselise A , Ben-Haroush A , Sulkes J , Hod M , Feldberg D , Bar J 
Published: February 2005

The aim of this study was to analyse pregestational and pregnancy risk factors for adverse fetal and maternal outcome in lupus pregnancy. Twenty women with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) (29 pregnancies) were prospectively evaluated. Mean patient age was 29.5 + 4.7 years, and mean disease duration, 6.3 + 6.5 years. Twenty-two pregnancies (75.9%) ended in live births; preterm delivery occurred in 17.4%, intrauterine growth restriction in 50%, preeclampsia in 3.7%, and gestational hypertension in 8%. Six pregnancies (20.7%) ended in spontaneous abortions. Adverse live-birth outcome was significantly associated with low pregestational serum albumin level, elevated gestational anti-dsDNA antibody, and diabetes mellitus. Spontaneous abortion was directly associated with low levels of pregestational serum albumin, positive anticardiolipin IgA, anti-β2-glycoprotein I IgM, and anti-La antibodies, and inversely associated with number of patients’ children. Postgestational lupus flare-up was noted in six pregnancies. Risk factors included high pregestational SLE Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI), lower serum albumin, elevated serum antibody to dsDNA, proteinuria, and use of prednisone and hydroxychloroquine. We conclude that despite high rate of obstetrical complications and postpartum lupus flare-up, pregnancy poses low risk for the majority of women with SLE.
Alcohol dependence and driving: A survey of patients' knowledge of DVLA regulations and possible clinical implications
Authors: Culshaw Martin , Wootton Lisa , Wylie Scott 
Published: February 2005

Aims and MethodA survey of 58 patients with alcohol dependence was carried out to ascertain how much knowledge such patients have about the Driver and Vehicle Licensing Agency (DVLA) regulations. Patients completed a questionnaire about whether they follow DVLA regulations, what information health professionals had given to them and whether they would still seek treatment if they knew doctors might inform the DVLA.ResultsThe majority of patients surveyed were continuing to drive. Very few had any knowledge of DVLA regulations regarding alcohol dependence. With the knowledge that doctors have a duty to notify the DVLA in certain circumstances, a significant proportion said they would be less likely to seek treatment or would stop attending for treatment.Clinical ImplicationsHealth professionals may be avoiding discussions of the DVLA regulations with patients suffering from alcohol dependence in an attempt to preserve the doctor–patient relationship.
Iminium Alkaloids from Marine Invertebrates: Structure, Biological Activity, and Biogenesis
Authors: Kita Masaki , Uemura Daisuke 
Published: February 2005

Abstract
The discovery of new natural products frequently triggers a breakthrough in basic sciences. This review features marine iminium alkaloids, which control biologically and physiologically intriguing phenomena. Pinnatoxins, potent shellfish poisons purified from the Okinawan bivalve Pinna muricata, activate Ca2+ channels. Norzoanthamine hydrochloride, isolated from the colonial zoanthid Zoanthus sp., suppresses decreases in bone weight and strength in ovariectomized mice. Symbioimine, an amphoteric iminium metabolite from the dinoflagellate Symbiodinium sp., inhibits osteoclast differentiation. The latter two compounds are good candidates for antiosteoporotic drugs.