bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficient recovery of γ‐poly (glutamic acid) from highly viscous culture broth
Authors: Do Jin Hwan , Chang Ho Nam , Lee Sang Yup 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAn efficient strategy for the separation and recovery of γ‐polyglutamic acid (γ‐PGA) from highly viscous broth was developed. This strategy was divided into two processes: The first was to separate γ‐PGA from highly viscous culture broth; the second was to concentrate γ‐PGA solution by ultrafiltration for the reduction of the amount of alcohol required during recovery process with precipitation. By lowering the pH value of culture broth to 3, the viscosity of culture broth and the ζ potential of cell could be reduced to a sixth of the original value at 35°C and a third, respectively. After the acidification of culture broth the energy demand for the separation of γ‐PGA from culture broth by centrifugation could be reduced to 17% of that without it when the centrifugal force was 22,000g. The amount of alcohol required for precipitation could be reduced to a fourth of that generally used without concentration by concentrating 20 g γ‐PGA/L solution to 60 g γ‐PGA/L at pH 5 by ultrafiltration with hollow‐fiber membrane cartridge (MWCO 500,000). © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 76: 219–223, 2001.
An automated fluorescence protein sequencer using 7‐methylthio‐4‐(2,1,3‐benzoxadiazolyl) isothiocyanate (MTBD‐NCS) as an Edman reagent
Authors: Okiyama Natsuko , Santa Tomofumi , Toriba Akira , Nakagomi Kazuya , Imai Kazuhiro , Hiranuma Hidenori , Tanaka Hiroshi 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAn automated fluorescence protein sequencer using 7‐methylthio‐5‐(2,1,3‐benzoxadiazolyl) isithiocyanate (MTBD‐NCS), a fluorescent Edman reagent, is developed by the modification of a commercial protein sequencer. The generated MTBD‐thiohydantoin amino acids fluoresced strongly, whereas the by‐products such as MTBD‐thiocarbamoyl amino acids and MTBD‐carbamoly amino acids did not fluoresce. A few interfering peaks were observed in the chromatogram and amino acid sequence was easily determined. The coupling and cyclization/cleavage reaction conditions and extraction conditions of generated MTBD‐thiazolinone amino acids were optimized using an autonalyzer. Finally, the sequence of a synthetic peptide (25 pmol), leucine‐enkephalin‐Thr‐amide, was determined and up to six residues were successively analyzed. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The heterogeneity of the glycosylation of alpha‐1‐acid glycoprotein between the sera and synovial fluid in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Smith Kevin D. , Pollacchi Aileen , Field Max , Watson John 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAlpha‐1‐acid glycoprotein (AGP) is a plasma glycoprotein produced by the liver that undergoes increased production and altered glycosylation in several physiological and pathological conditions including rheumatoid arthritis. To date, although present in the synovial fluid of rheumatoid arthritis patients, there has been no evidence for the separate extra‐hepatic production of AGP. This study indicates that there could be a localized production of AGP in rheumatoid synovial fluid by demonstrating that the glycosylation patterns of AGP differed between the serum and synovial fluid in the same rheumatoid patient. Serum AGP was largely composed of fucosylated tri‐ and tetra‐antennary oligosaccharide chains while the synovial fluid contained mainly bi‐antennary chains that were fucosylated to a lesser extent. This structural heterogeneity of glycosylation resulted in functional diversity; serum but not synovial AGP is able to inhibit binding to the cell adhesion molecule E‐selectin through expression of antigen sialyl Lewis X. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Recent interview‐based measures of competency to stand trial: a critical review augmented with research data
Authors: Rogers Richard , Grandjean Nicole , Tillbrook Chad E. , Vitacco Michael J. , Sewell Kenneth W. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractForensic experts are frequently asked to conduct competency‐to‐stand trial evaluations and address the substantive prongs propounded in Dusky v. United States (1960). In understanding its application to competency evaluations, alternative conceptualizations of Dusky are critically examined. With Dusky providing the conceptual framework, three interview‐based competency measures are reviewed: the Georgia Court Competency Test (GCCT), the MacArthur Competence Assessment Tool—Criminal Adjudication (Mac‐CAT‐CA), and the Evaluation of Competency to Stand Trial—Revised (ECST‐R). This review has a twin focus on reliability of each measure and its correspondence to Dusky prongs. The current review is augmented by new factor analytic data on the MacCAT‐CA and ECST‐R. The article concludes with specific recommendations for competency evaluations. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Trust and understanding in the attorney–juvenile relationship
Authors: Pierce Christine Schnyder , Brodsky Stanley L. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis study investigated whether court‐experienced juveniles differ from court‐experienced adults in their understanding of the defense counsel role and their trust in attorneys. Court‐experienced juveniles and young adults, ages 12 to 20, were compared on measures of trust, attitudes toward authority, understanding about the role of defense counsel, trial‐related knowledge, and the Trust in My Lawyer Scale. The findings showed that court‐related knowledge is associated with both level of intellectual functioning and age and that court‐related misunderstandings are associated with mistrust in attorneys. The findings did not support the assertion that there are significant differences between juveniles and young adults in their trust of their attorneys. Results regarding parental involvement, attorney characteristics, and interaction effects of race and intellectual functioning in relation to trust are also discussed. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Experience of anatomy demonstrators in Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: Koshi Rachel , Holla Sunil J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractQuestionnaires were sent to 118 previous holders of demonstrator posts in anatomy at the Christian Medical College, Vellore, India, in order to determine the role of these posts in the medical profession. Sixty‐three (94%) of the respondents had postgraduate medical qualifications. Forty‐four (66%) of the respondents were surgeons, and 23 (34%) were in non‐surgical fields. Thirty‐eight (57%) had jobs that involved teaching. Almost all the respondents found the teaching experience useful in their careers and especially those respondents who had qualified in surgical specialties rated their experience reviewing anatomy very highly. The usefulness of this posting is discussed. Clin. Anat. 14:278–281, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Gy sampling theory in environmental studies. 1. Assessing soil splitting protocols
Authors: Gerlach Robert W. , Dobb David E. , Raab Gregory A. , Nocerino John M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractFive soil sample splitting methods (riffle splitting, paper cone riffle splitting, fractional shoveling, coning and quartering, and grab sampling) were evaluated with synthetic samples to verify Pierre Gy sampling theory expectations. Individually prepared samples consisting of layers of sand, NaCl and magnetite were left layered until splitting to simulate stratification from transport or density effects. Riffle splitting performed the best, with approximate 99% confidence levels of less than 2%, followed by paper cone riffle splitting. Coning and quartering and fractional shoveling were associated with significantly higher variability and also took much longer to perform. Common grab sampling was the poorest performer, with approximate 99% confidence levels of 100%–150% and biases of 15%–20%. Method performance rankings were in qualitative agreement with expectations from Gy sampling theory. Precision results depended on the number of increments, the type of increment, and other factors influencing the probability of selecting a particle at random, and were all much higher than Pierre Gy's fundamental error estimate of 1%. A critical factor associated with good performance for these methods is a low conditional probability of sampling adjacent particles. Accuracy levels were dominated by the sampling process rather than by the analytical method. Sampling accuracy was at least two orders of magnitude worse than the accuracy of the analytical method. Published in 2002 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Protein arrays: issues to be addressed
Authors: Taussig Michael J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractProtein arrays are fast becoming established as a means to monitor protein expression levels and investigate protein interactions and function. They present particular technical demands that will need to be solved in order to achieve the maximum capability of efficient and sensitive protein analysis in the high throughput setting of functional genomics. The following resumé of some major issues around this new technology was made as the chairperson's introduction to the workshop session on peptide and protein chips. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
C2M: configurable chemical middleware
Authors: van der Vet Paul , Roosendaal Hans E , Geurts Peter A.T.M 
Published: August 2002

AbstractOne of the vexing problems that besets concurrent use of
multiple, heterogeneous resources is format multiplicity.
C2M aims to equip scientists with a wrapper generator on
their desktop. The wrapper generator can build wrappers, or
converters that can convert data from or into different
formats, from a high‐level description of the formats.
The language in which such a high‐level description is
expressed is easy enough for scientists to be able to
write format descriptions at minimal cost. In C2M,
wrappers and documentation for human reading are
automatically obtained from the same user‐supplied
specifications. Initial experiments demonstrate that
the idea can, indeed, lead to the advent of
user‐governed wrapper generators. Future research
will consolidate the code and extend the approach to a
realistic variety of formats. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An introduction to the China Rice Functional Genomics Program
Authors: Xue Yongbiao , Xu Zhihong 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe China Rice Functional Genomics Program (CRFGP) was initiated in 1999
by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China under the National Basic
Sciences Initiative and was expected to last for an initial period of five
years. The CRFGP involves 20 research groups from the Chinese Academy of Sciences
and some major universities and focuses on the identification of genes controlling
flowering, plant architecture, fertility, reproduction, metabolic controls
and stress responses in rice through a combinatorial approach based on genetics, molecular
biology and functional genomics as well as the generation of intellectual
properties related to crop breeding and improvements. We will briefly describe
the mission of the CRFGP as well as its recent progress. Copyright ©
2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Gramene: development and integration of trait and gene ontologies for rice
Authors: Jaiswal Pankaj , Ware Doreen , Ni Junjian , Chang Kuan , Zhao Wei , Schmidt Steven , Pan Xiaokang , Clark Kenneth , Teytelman Leonid , Cartinhour Samuel , Stein Lincoln , McCouch Susan 
Published: August 2002

AbstractGramene (http://www.gramene.org/)
is a comparative genome database for cereal crops and a community resource
for rice. We are populating and curating Gramene with annotated rice (Oryza
sativa) genomic sequence data and associated biological information including
molecular markers, mutants, phenotypes, polymorphisms and Quantitative Trait
Loci (QTL). In order to support queries across various data sets as well as
across external databases, Gramene will employ three related controlled vocabularies.
The specific goal of Gramene is, first to provide a Trait Ontology (TO) that
can be used across the cereal crops to facilitate phenotypic comparisons both
within and between the genera. Second, a vocabulary for plant anatomy terms,
the Plant Ontology (PO) will facilitate the curation of morphological and
anatomical feature information with respect to expression, localization of
genes and gene products and the affected plant parts in a phenotype. The TO
and PO are both in the early stages of development in collaboration with the
International Rice Research Institute, TAIR and MaizeDB as part of the Plant
Ontology Consortium. Finally, as part of another consortium comprising macromolecular
databases from other model organisms, the Gene Ontology Consortium, we are
annotating the confirmed and predicted protein entries from rice using both
electronic and manual curation. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley &
Sons, Ltd.
Meeting Review: Royal Society Discussion Meeting: Utilising the genome sequence of parasitic protozoa
Authors: Hall Neil 
Published: August 2002

AbstractProtozoan parasites cause some of the world's most important diseases. Genome sequencing information is rapidly being acquired and combined with new developments in functional genome analysis to transform our understanding of parasites, and to enable new approaches to combating the diseases they cause. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Genome‐wide generation of yeast gene deletion strains
Authors: Kelly Diane E. , Lamb David C. , Kelly Steven L. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn the year 2001 a collection of yeast strains will be completed that are deleted in the 6000 open reading frames selected as putative genes by the initial bioinformatic analysis of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae genome. The collection was produced by the transatlantic yeast gene deletion project, a collaboration involving researchers in the USA, Canada and Europe. The European effort was part of EUROFAN (European Functional Analysis Network) where some of the strains could feed into various functional analysis nodes dealing with specific areas of cell biology. With approximately 40% of human genes involved in heritable disease having a homologue in yeast and with the use of yeast in various drug discovery strategies, not least due to the dramatic increase in fungal infections, these strains will be valuable in trans‐genomic studies and in specialised interest studies in individual laboratories. A detailed analysis of the project by the consortium is in preparation, here we discuss the yeast strains, reported findings and approaches to using this resource. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optically active molecule‐based magnets: Enantioselective self‐assembling, optical, and magnetic properties
Authors: Gruselle Michel , Andres Roman , Malezieux Bernard , Brissard Muriel , Train Cyrille , Verdaguer Michel 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn this short communication we describe the synthesis and the optical and magnetic properties of optically active three dimensional (3D) bimetallic [Cr‐Mn] networks {[ΔCrIIIΔMnII(ox)3][ΔRuII(bpy)3]ClO4}n1 − Δ, {[ΛCrIIIΛMnII(ox)3][ΛRuII (bpy)3]ClO4}n 1 − Λ and {[ΔCrIIIΔMnII(ox)3][ΔRuII(bpy)2p p y]}n 2 − Δ,{[ΛCrIIIΛMnII(ox)3][ΛRuII(bpy)2ppy]}n 2 − Λ (ox = oxalate, bpy = bipyridine, ppy = phenyl‐pyridine). Chirality 13:712–714, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Saturable binding of the echinoderm microtubule‐associated protein (EMAP) on microtubules, but not filamentous actin or vimentin filaments
Authors: Eichenmüller Bernd , Ahrens Douglas P. , Li Qingwen , Suprenant Kathy A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe echinoderm microtubule‐associated protein (EMAP) is a 75‐kDa, WD‐repeat protein associated with the mitotic spindle apparatus. To understand EMAP's biological role, it is important to determine its affinity for microtubules (MTs) and other cytoskeletal components. To accomplish this goal, we utilized a low‐cost, bubble‐column bioreactor to express EMAP as a hexahistidine fusion (6his) protein in baculovirus‐infected insect cells. After optimizing cell growth conditions, up to 30 mg of EMAP was obtained in the soluble cell lysate from a 1‐liter culture. EMAP was purified to homogeneity in a two‐step process that included immobilized metal‐affinity chromatography (IMAC) and anion‐exchange chromatography. In vitro binding studies on cytoskeletal components were performed with the 6his‐EMAP. EMAP bound to MTs, but not actin or vimentin filaments, with an intrinsic dissociation constant of 0.18 μM and binding stoichiometry of 0.7 mol EMAP per mol tubulin heterodimer. In addition, we show that a strong MT binding domain resides in the 137 amino acid, NH2‐terminus of EMAP and a weaker binding site in the WD‐domain. Previous work has shown that the EMAP concentration in the sea urchin egg is over 4 μM. Together, these results show that there is sufficient EMAP in the egg to regulate the assembly of a large pool of maternally stored tubulin. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 50:161–172, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Interaction of the βIV‐tubulin isotype with actin stress fibers in cultured rat kidney mesangial cells
Authors: Walss‐Bass Consuelo , Prasad Veena , Kreisberg Jeffrey I. , Ludueña Richard F. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractMicrotubules and actin filaments are two of the major components of the cytoskeleton. There is accumulating evidence for interaction between the two networks. Both the α‐ and β‐subunits of tubulin exist as numerous isotypes, some of which have been highly conserved in evolution. In an effort to better understand the functional significance of tubulin isotypes, we used a double immunofluorescence labeling technique to investigate the interactions between the tubulin β‐isotypes and the actin stress fiber network in cultured rat kidney mesangial cells, smooth‐muscle‐like cells from the renal glomerulus. Removal of the soluble cytoplasmic and nucleoplasmic proteins by detergent extraction caused the microtubule network to disappear while the stress fiber network was still present. In these extracted cells, the βI‐ and βII‐tubulin isotypes were no longer present in the cytoplasm while the βIV‐isotype co‐localized with actin stress fibers. Co‐localization between βIV‐tubulin and actin stress fibers was also observed when the microtubule network was disrupted by the anti‐tubulin drug colchicine and also by microinjection of the βIV‐tubulin antibody. Our results suggest that the βIV isotype of tubulin may be involved in interactions between microtubules and actin. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 49:200–207, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Spatiotemporal correlations in transport processes determined by multiple pulsed field gradient experiments
Authors: Stapf Siegfried , Han Song‐I , Heine Christian , Blümich Bernhard 
Published: August 2002

AbstractMultiple interrogation of spin density distributions by repeated application of narrow pulsed magnetic field gradients is introduced as a general approach to investigate the time behavior of a spin system undergoing macroscopic motion. The joint n‐time probability densities obtained from this procedure can be treated directly in terms of the evolution of positions. Alternatively, appropriately designed pulse sequences allow the selective encoding of higher order parameters of motion such as velocity or acceleration. These quantities can be determined repeatedly within one gradient pulse sequence and can be statistically related to each other. Corresponding pulse sequences are presented and 2‐dimensional propagators, correlation functions, and correlation coefficients are compared as different means of representing these correlations. The formalism is applied to numerical simulations of the following situations: rotation of an object at constant speed and laminar flow through a cylindrical pipe and a model porous system. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts in Magn Reson 14, 172–211, 2002.
A randomized, multicenter prospective trial assessing long‐acting release octreotide pamoate plus tamoxifen as a first line therapy for advanced breast carcinoma
Authors: Bajetta Emilio , Procopio Giuseppe , Ferrari Leonardo , Martinetti Antonia , Zilembo Nicoletta , Catena Laura , Alú Massimiliano , Della Torre Silvia , Alberti Daniele , Buzzoni Roberto 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDLong‐acting release octreotide pamoate (OP‐LAR) is a synthetic octapeptide that can be administered monthly and whose activity is similar to that of endogenous somatostatin. In vitro and in vivo data suggest that OP‐LAR may act as a growth inhibitor or a modulator of growth stimulatory peptides. The potential mechanisms of action of somatostatin analogues in breast carcinoma include the suppression of insulin‐like growth factor‐1 (a putative tumor growth factor) and the binding to the somatostatin receptors expressed by breast carcinoma cells in order to induce apoptosis.METHODSThis Phase III, multicenter, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial involved 203 patients (13% premenopausal and 87% postmenopausal) with locally recurrent (but unsuitable for local treatment) or metastatic breast carcinoma, 199 of whom were actually treated (99 patients with OP‐LAR and 100 patients with placebo). All patients received TAM and were estrogen and/or progesteron receptor positive (receptor positivity was an eligibility criterion), and all had measurable or evaluable disease. Any patients who had received previous chemotherapy not given in an adjuvant or neoadjuvant setting were excluded.RESULTSAt the time of the interim analysis, the tumor response rates (RR) were 20.2% (9 complete responses [CR] and 11 partial responses [PR]) in the OP‐LAR arm and 21% (11 CRs and 10 PRs) in the placebo arm, and the median time to progression (TTP) was 25.0 and 26.9 weeks (P = 0.62), respectively. The adverse events experienced by 10% or more of the patients and attributed to octreotide were gastrointestinal in nature: diarrhea (53%), nausea (16%), and abdominal pain (11%).CONCLUSIONSBecause of the similar RR and TTP in both arms, the trial was stopped at the interim analysis. The current data confirm there is no indication for adding somatostatin analogues to TAM in advanced breast carcinoma. Cancer 2002;94:299–304. © 2002 American Cancer Society.
Understanding cancer metastasis
Authors: Bashyam Murali D. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractCancer is a multistep process and occurs as a result of the loss of control of cell division, leading to the initial tumor formation, which is followed by metastatic spread. Recent years have witnessed a vast improvement in the understanding of the molecular mechanisms regulating cell division and their links to tumorigenesis. The process of metastasis involves an intricate interplay between cell adhesion, proteolysis, migration, and angiogenesis. However, there is little knowledge of how these events are coordinately regulated in the tumor cell. Given that the uncontrolled spread of the tumor to distant organs is usually lethal, a study of the molecular mechanisms regulating metastasis assumes great significance. Recently, several technologies have been developed for analyzing differential gene expression. The current review discusses the importance of these technologies in the molecular analyses of metastasis. Cancer 2002;94:1821–9. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10362