bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Digital Media Trends in Public Diplomacy: the Case of Taiwan’s Youth Ambassadors
Authors: Kostadinov Yavor A , Chow W Emily 
Published: January 2025

Summary
Digital media facilitate global reach and empower individuals as cultural influencers. Taiwanese youth ambassadors (YA s) can tell Taiwan’s story online to boost its credibility and attract attention. This article explores the role of these non-state actors as potential social media influencers in cultural diplomacy. Findings from a survey and focus group in the International Youth Ambassador Exchange Programme indicate that YA s reject the role of social media influencers. YA s view social media as inadequate for trust building and credibility compared with interpersonal interactions. While some YA s see social media as a cross-cultural bridge, others view it as contentious, particularly around Taiwan’s political status. To avoid controversy, YA s focus on positive image building and cultural promotion. Ultimately, some of their efforts aim to enhance Taiwan’s global awareness and cultivate collective pride among Taiwanese youth. This case contributes to understanding the digital role and experience of non-state diplomatic actors from state-affiliated cultural diplomacy programmes.
Cicero and the Philosophic Grounds of Liberty
Authors: Hawley Michael C. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The prevailing view of the origin of the idea of republican liberty holds that it emerged as a polemical tool to wield against political opponents in the Roman republic. But viewing republican liberty as partisan rhetorical device has obscured the important philosophical innovations that were necessary to render it theoretically viable and coherent. Turning to Cicero, the earliest extant theorist of republican liberty, I seek to explore the depth of the conceptual revolution that made it possible to articulate that ideal. Cicero transforms the practice of republican libertas into a coherent ideal through a re-thinking of some of the central claims of Greek political philosophy.
Where Have the EF5s Gone? A Closer Look at the “Drought” of the Most Violent Tornadoes in the United States
Authors: Lyza Anthony W. , Brooks Harold E. , Krocak Makenzie J. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
As of January 2025, the United States has gone over 11 years without the occurrence of a tornado rated EF5 on the Enhanced Fujita (EF) scale, constituting the longest “drought” in F5/EF5-rated tornadoes since the beginning of official records (1950). This article places the “drought” of 5-rated tornadoes in the context of a long-term tornado climatology. A key breakpoint exists between how the legacy Fujita (F) scale and the EF scale handle the complete destruction and sweeping away of single-family homes, with standard “well-constructed” homes being swept away constituting F5 damage on the F scale but only EF4 damage on the EF scale. To illustrate this point, adjusting the lower-bound of EF5 on the EF scale from 201 mph to 190 mph or increasing all 190–200-mph EF4s to >200 mph EF5s to account for this breakpoint in the handling of single-family homes would lead to consistent 5-level rating assignments from 1880 through present day. Furthermore, contextual evidence that was used to aid in identifying 5-level damage in the F-scale and early EF-scale eras could assist in identifying top-tier intensity tornadoes. These findings ultimately lead to questions regarding what the highest possible rating of a tornado should represent from both physical and societal perspectives.
The Evolutions of Single-Year and Multiyear El Niño from Preconditioning to Decay Stages: Direct Wind-Driven versus Boundary-Reflected Oceanic Responses
Authors: Lee Chung-Wei , Sui Chung-Hsiung , Izumo Takeshi 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Advancing our understanding of single-year and multiyear El Niño events is essential for a better forecast of El Niños and assessment of their global socioeconomic impacts. Here, we compare these two types of El Niños in reanalysis and coupled model data. We further develop an approach in a linear continuously stratified ocean model to quantifying direct wind-driven (DWD) and boundary-reflected (BR) responses to wind stress forcing from the reanalysis and coupled model datasets. For single-year El Niños, the positive North Pacific meridional mode charges additional heat content to the tropical Pacific through DWD processes in year−1 before the development year (year0), leading to the earlier event development. The subsequent discharge and zonal-advective reflective feedbacks by BR processes also start earlier and are intensified by wind anomalies of a more eastward fetch. Finally, during the mature boreal winter and decay spring in year1, the equatorial western Pacific winds turn into easterlies, terminating DWD downwelling Kelvin waves and the positive feedback. In contrast, multiyear El Niños feature a lower preconditioning recharge state in year−1, later development and less eastward-extending wind and sea surface temperature anomalies in year0, and weaker delayed negative feedbacks and persistent western Pacific westerly winds in year1. The resultant insufficient BR negative feedbacks and lasting DWD downwelling Kelvin waves allow El Niño to continue into year1/year2. The approach developed here and the results that show the fundamental dynamic processes regulating El Niño’s duration should help in improving El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) seasonal forecasting.

Significance Statement
El Niño events have global climate impacts, but their duration from single- to multiyear is a challenging prediction problem. Here, we investigate the mechanisms determining their duration. We analyze their evolutions and quantify wind-forced ocean responses. We show that the early establishment of tropical Pacific warm water volume, the eastward shift of wind stresses, and the center of warm sea surface temperature influence the strength and timing of the following negative feedbacks that modulate an event’s decay. The El Niño’s spatial and temporal diversities are linked by dynamical processes. The above mechanisms can be applied to observation monitoring, model, and forecast diagnosis. It could potentially help in mitigating the global socioeconomic and environmental impacts of ENSO.
The Impact of Outer-Core Structure on Eye Formation and Intensification of Tropical Cyclones
Authors: Chen Yueh-Li , Wu Chun-Chieh 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The objectives of this study are to clarify the role of initial outer-core structure in intensity development and eye formation of tropical cyclones (TCs) and to examine the inner-core evolution in both the troposphere and lower stratosphere during intensification. A set of TCs with modified outer-core wind profiles of Typhoon Soudelor (2015) is set up. There are systematic variations of intensity, radius of maximum wind (RMW), and size, wherein larger initial vortices exhibit lower peak intensity, intensification rate, and RMW contraction rate and tend to maintain their larger size. While TCs in most of the experiments form their eyes through “clearing formation” processes, the largest experiment forms an eye through “banding formation” with more asymmetric eyewall convection. As compared to the largest TC, the smallest TC possesses low-level convergence and midlevel latent heating more concentrating inside the RMW with higher inertial stability and a stronger, deeper, and higher-altitude upper-level warm core. For the smallest TC, more subsidence warming is found in the lower stratosphere above the eyewall associated with more vigorous overshooting. The warmer air can be efficiently advected into the upper-level center since 1) the overshooting convection aggregates at a smaller radius and 2) the overshooting convection more frequently occurs at the upwind side of environmental flow owing to its higher angular velocity and faster axisymmetrization. It can be concluded that, for the smaller TCs, the more dominant role of the stratosphere in transporting much higher potential temperature downward appears to be the key leading to their higher intensification rate.
Identification of subtrochanteric and femoral shaft fractures as atypical femur fractures on radiology reports
Authors: Bögl Hans Peter , Schilcher Jörg 
Published: January 2025

Background Bisphosphonate-associated stress fractures, atypical femur fractures (AFF), are a rare subgroup of femoral stress fractures. Their correct and early diagnosis is imperative for appropriate treatment. Purpose To investigate the sensitivity of written radiology reports to mention radiographic features of AFF, depending on the time period and academic level of the hospital. Material and Methods We used 171 patients, aged 55 years or older, who sustained an AFF between 2008 and 2010 (early period) identified through the Swedish National Patient Register and radiographic review and 104 patients identified through the Swedish Fracture Register between 2015 and 2018 (late period). Plain radiographs were extracted from 72 radiology departments in Sweden and individually re-reviewed and classified based on the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research case definition for AFF. Radiology reports were viewed for mentioning AFF or stress/insufficiency features (true positives). The number of true positives was compared with the number of false positives for both periods using non-parametric statistics and using the gold standard as reference. Results We obtained 98 of the possible 171 reports with 7% of true positives for the early period and 77 of the possible 104 reports with 27% true positives for the late period ( P < 0.001). The level of improvement over time was independent of the academic level of the hospital. Conclusion Despite improvements over time, written radiology reports seldom mention AFF features. Clinicians, specifically orthopedic surgeons, are encouraged to contribute to a correct and early diagnosis to tailor treatment, while awaiting improvements in radiology reports.
Why consumers hesitate to pay online: Evidence from online transactions
Authors: Li Zongwei , Liu Jixiang , Chen Jianing , Zhang Yanhui 
Published: January 2025

Purchase intention and decision turn out to be the research hotspots in the field of consumer behavior, whereas the reasons for consumer hesitation before purchase have been scarcely investigated. In order to explore the factors that affect consumers’ online purchase hesitation in the context of e-commerce retail, this study uses the theory of perceived risk to analyze how different dimensions of perceived risk dominated by consumer trust affect consumers’ purchase hesitation at the checkout stage, examines the moderating effect of consumers’ online shopping experience on the influencing process, and builds a test model with moderating variables. In this study, the factors for purchase hesitation are empirically analyzed using the methods of literature analysis and logistic regression based on the real transaction data from Taobao. The results show that seller credit rating, representing seller risk, exerts a significant adverse effect on purchase hesitation, whereas the order amount (i.e. financial risk, and price dispersion, representing product risk) positively affects purchase hesitation. The consumer experience plays a moderating role in the above process. In addition, this article further explores the heterogeneous role of buyer’s device, seller’s platform, and buyer’s gender and excludes some of the interfering factors that lead to involuntary hesitation. JEL Classification: M31, M37
Early Meniscal Repair Leads to Higher Success Rates Than Delayed Meniscal Repair: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: van der List Jelle P. , Daniel Stef , Blom Ingmar , Benner Joyce L. 
Published: January 2025

Background: There has been an increased interest in meniscus preservation over the last decade. Several risk factors for the failure of meniscal repair have been identified. However, the timing of meniscal repair has not been extensively assessed in the literature, and there is currently no high-quality evidence on the optimal timing of performing meniscal repair after an injury with regard to outcomes. Purpose: To assess the role of the timing of meniscal repair on outcomes in the literature. Study Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: The databases of PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were searched in October 2023 for studies comparing the outcomes of early versus delayed meniscal repair. Studies were eligible for inclusion if they reported outcomes within and after a time threshold (eg, within and after 3 weeks). Random-effects models were used. Results: A total of 35 studies with 3556 patients and 3767 menisci were included (mean age, 27.5 years; 66% male; mean follow-up, 4.5 years). Most studies were level 3 or 4 evidence, and the overall quality was low. The failure rates of meniscal repair were 11.3% versus 24.1% within versus after 2 weeks, respectively (7 studies, 511 patients; odds ratio [OR], 0.50 [95% CI, 0.22-1.16]; P = .11); 7.2% versus 15.3% within versus after 3 weeks, respectively (5 studies, 556 patients; OR, 0.28 [95% CI, 0.10-0.79]; P = .02); 15.7% versus 21.3% within versus after 6 weeks, respectively (7 studies, 746 patients; OR, 0.63 [95% CI, 0.33-1.18]; P = .15); and 10.2% versus 18.7% within versus after 8 weeks, respectively (7 studies, 652 patients; OR, 0.47 [95% CI, 0.26-0.87]; P = .02); these were significant for 3 and 8 weeks. No differences were seen for within versus after 3 months (7 studies, 1305 patients; 22.4% vs 18.5%, respectively; OR, 1.04 [95% CI, 0.47-2.33]; P = .92). Conclusion: The timing of meniscal surgery was correlated with the likelihood of success, and meniscal repair should preferably be performed within 8 weeks of the injury, with the earliest benefit at 3 weeks. Clinicians should take this into consideration when recommending operative treatment or initial nonoperative treatment.
Patients With a Quadriceps Tendon Autograft Demonstrate Greater Asymmetry in Landing Kinetics Than Patients With a Bone–Patellar Tendon–Bone Autograft 6 Months After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Cherelstein Rachel E. , Kuenze Christopher M. , Walaszek Michelle C. , Brumfield Emily R. , Lewis Jennifer N. , Hughes Garrison A. , Chang Edward S. 
Published: January 2025

Background: Asymmetric landing kinetics 6 months after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) are associated with higher risk of second anterior cruciate ligament injury. Little is known about landing kinetics after ACLR with an all–soft tissue quadriceps tendon (QT) autograft despite its increasingly common use in young, active patients. Purpose/Hypothesis: The purpose of this study was to compare landing kinetics during a bilateral drop vertical jump (DVJ) 6 months after ACLR in participants who had undergone primary ACLR with a QT or bone–patellar tendon–bone (BTB) autograft. The hypothesis was that patients with a QT autograft will experience more asymmetry during a bilateral DVJ than patients with a BTB autograft 6 months after ACLR. In addition, greater impact force asymmetry will be associated with worse patient-reported outcome measures. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Participants who underwent primary unilateral ACLR with a QT or BTB autograft between May 2022 and December 2023 were prospectively recruited to undergo DVJ assessment and patient-reported outcome measures 6 months after ACLR. DVJ assessment was completed using force-sensing insoles. Peak impact force, average loading rate, and impulse data were collected at 100 Hz. Results: Forty-four participants (22 BTB, 22 QT) completed DVJ assessment and International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) and Anterior Cruciate Ligament–Return to Sport After Injury (ACL-RSI) surveys at 6 ± 1 months after ACLR. Graft source groups did not differ by age ( P = .884), sex ( P = .531), mass ( P = .872), height ( P = .572), months since surgery ( P = .683), or lateral ( P = .637) or medial ( P = .416) meniscal tear treatment rate. On average, participants with a QT autograft demonstrated 26.2% greater contralateral limb peak impact force ( P = .004), 18.4% lower peak impact force limb symmetry index ( P = .009), 18.5% lower involved limb impulse ( P < .001), and 15.1% lower impulse limb symmetry index ( P < .001) when compared with participants with a BTB autograft. Graft source groups did not differ in IKDC score ( P = .333) or ACL-RSI score ( P = .070). Neither IKDC nor ACL-RSI score was strongly associated with any kinetic variables. Conclusion/Clinical Relevance: Participants with a QT autograft exhibit greater asymmetry in landing kinetics when compared with participants with a BTB autograft 6 months after ACLR, and landing kinetics were not associated with IKDC or ACL-RSI score.
Innovative telehospitalist model optimizes medical triage in collaboration with community emergency departments: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Koch Adam T , Keuseman Rachel L , Parikh Riddhi , Legler Sean R , Ayanian Shant , Boyapati Renu Bhargavi , Fischer Karen M , Lawson Donna K , Dugani Sagar B , Burton M Caroline , Pagali Sandeep R 
Published: January 2025

Introduction Optimal hospital bed utilization requires innovative patient care models. We studied a novel hospitalist model utilizing telemedicine to facilitate collaboration with affiliated emergency departments (EDs) and support medical triage and care of ED patients with high likelihood of hospital admission. Methods Telehospitalists based at a tertiary care facility collaborated with four community EDs in the same healthcare network between January 1, 2022, and April 30, 2023. Telehospitalists supported ED clinicians in medical care decisions and facilitated patient disposition. Emergency department length of stay (LOS) and disposition were evaluated, as were hospital LOS, 30-day readmission, and in-hospital mortality. For patients discharged from the ED, 7-day ED readmission and subsequent hospitalization were evaluated. Results Telehospitalists discussed 550 “admit-likely” patients with ED clinicians: 105 patients (19.1%) discharged from the ED and avoided admission; 322 patients (58.5%) were admitted to local or nearby community hospitals; 123 patients (22.4%) transferred to the tertiary care facility. Emergency department LOS differed significantly among disposition groups, including patients discharged home (10.2 h), admitted to local hospitals (12.6 h), and transferred to tertiary care hospitalist services (14.9 h; p < 0.001). Hospital LOS and in-hospital mortality were not significantly different among disposition groups. Patients admitted locally had lower 30-day readmission compared to those transferred to tertiary care facility (odds ratio = 0.59 [0.36, 0.99], p = 0.048). Discussion Telehospitalists as triage clinicians is an innovative approach to support local ED clinicians and patients. Telehospitalists optimized hospital bed utilization and healthcare system resources by facilitating safe discharges to home and expediting tertiary care transfers when necessary.
A critical perspective on social services’ organizational boundaries: Learning from transgender women
Authors: Barak Adi , Timor-Shlevin Shachar , Steinberg Alona 
Published: January 2025

Summary The normative construction of social services’ organizational boundaries may operationally exclude marginalized people by neglecting their specific needs and placing them outside the organization's domain. In order to develop a critical outline of social services’ organizational boundaries, we present a qualitative study involving 10 transgender women in Israel, aged 18–25, exploring their interactions with social services. Findings The study present cases of organizational neglect and rejection, alongside cases of radical acceptance. These experiences of rejection and acceptance enable us to articulate social services’ organizational boundaries from a critical social work perspective, emphasizing customization, flexibility, and dialog. Applications Building on the concept of radical acceptance, social workers and social services are encouraged to broaden their professional and organizational boundaries through a critical social work lens.
Characterization of phase-changing materials as stabilized thermal energy storage in impregnated biomaterial
Authors: Zor Mustafa , Li Jinxing , Şen Ferhat , Can Ahmet , Wang Xiaodong (Alice) , Rodrigue Denis , Candan Zeki 
Published: January 2025

In recent years, impregnation of biomaterial (wood veneers) with eutectic phase change materials (PCM) has been investigated to increase the thermal capacity of bio-based materials, which significantly affects the thermal capacity, especially in building applications requiring low heat. In this study, four eutectic phase change materials were prepared using three different fatty acids and impregnated on two wood veneers (oak and ash). The structural characterization of the prepared eutectic mixtures was examined using FT-IR, while the morphological properties of the wood veneers were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The thermal performance was analyzed via differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and their thermo-mechanical properties by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). Additionally, the thermal conductivity ( k values) was determined. From the results obtained, it was possible to prepare eutectic mixtures with melting temperatures around 30°C with heat capacities up to 225.5 J/g. It was also generally determined that eutectic PCM, prepared from mixtures of lauric acid and palmitic acid, have lower thermal conductivity but show higher storage and loss modulus for the wood coatings leading to a balance between mechanical and thermal properties.
Near-Infrared Fluorescence-Guided Segmentectomy: Added Benefit of Indocyanine Green Dye Diminishes With Surgeon Experience
Authors: Patel Yogita S. , Farrokhyar Forough , Simunovic Marko , Hanna Waël C. 
Published: January 2025

Background Near-infrared fluorescence (NIF)-mapping with indocyanine green dye (ICG) facilitates the identification of the intersegmental plane during minimally invasive segmentectomy. Our pilot study showed that ICG is associated with an increase in oncological margin distance from the tumour, greater than the surgeon’s best judgment. We hypothesized that, with greater experience, the surgeon’s judgement will improve, and the benefit of ICG will diminish. Methods This is a phase 2 single-arm trial of patients undergoing robotic-assisted segmentectomy for NSCLC tumours less than 3 cm. After isolating the diseased segment(s), the predicted intersegmental plane (Dp) was identified by the thoracic surgeon. After intravenous ICG injection, the true intersegmental plane (Dt) was revealed using NIF. The primary outcome was the average distance between Dt and Dp (Dt-Dp). Comparisons were performed across 3 temporal tertiles: tertile 1 (t1) comprised of the first 30 participants, and the remaining participants were divided equally for tertiles 2 (t2) and 3 (t3). Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare differences between tertiles (α = 0.05). Results A total of 190 patients were enrolled from October 2016 to June 2021. The median age was 68 (interquartile range:62-72), and 57.37%(109/190) were women. ICG injection occurred in 60.53%(115/190) of the participants, and intersegmental plane visualization was achieved in 88.70%(102/115). Dt-Dp diminished significantly across tertiles: t1 = 20.65 ± 15.82 mm, t2 = 2.42 ± 15.49 mm, and t3 = 1.36 ± 9.87 mm ( P = 0.0001). Locally estimated scatterplot smoothing revealed that this distance approaches zero as the surgeon performs more cases. Conclusion In our single-surgeon experience with robotic-assisted segmentectomy for NSCLC, the added value of NIF-mapping with ICG diminishes with surgeon experience.