bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chatbot Artificial Intelligence for Genetic Cancer Risk Assessment and Counseling: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Webster Emily M. , Ahsan Muhammad Danyal , Perez Luiza , Levi Sarah R. , Thomas Charlene , Christos Paul , Hickner Andy , Hamilton Jada G. , Babagbemi Kemi , Cantillo Evelyn , Holcomb Kevin , Chapman-Davis Eloise , Sharaf Ravi N. , Frey Melissa K. 
Published: November 2023

PURPOSE Most individuals with a hereditary cancer syndrome are unaware of their genetic status due to underutilization of hereditary cancer risk assessment. Chatbots, or programs that use artificial intelligence to simulate conversation, have emerged as a promising tool in health care and, more recently, as a potential tool for genetic cancer risk assessment and counseling. Here, we evaluated the existing literature on the use of chatbots in genetic cancer risk assessment and counseling. METHODS A systematic review was conducted using key electronic databases to identify studies which use chatbots for genetic cancer risk assessment and counseling. Eligible studies were further subjected to meta-analysis. RESULTS Seven studies met inclusion criteria, evaluating five distinct chatbots. Three studies evaluated a chatbot that could perform genetic cancer risk assessment, one study evaluated a chatbot that offered patient counseling, and three studies included both functions. The pooled estimated completion rate for the genetic cancer risk assessment was 36.7% (95% CI, 14.8 to 65.9). Two studies included comprehensive patient characteristics, and none involved a comparison group. Chatbots varied as to the involvement of a health care provider in the process of risk assessment and counseling. CONCLUSION Chatbots have been used to streamline genetic cancer risk assessment and counseling and hold promise for reducing barriers to genetic services. Data regarding user and nonuser characteristics are lacking, as are data regarding comparative effectiveness to usual care. Future research may consider the impact of chatbots on equitable access to genetic services.
Drug Dissolution in Oral Drug Absorption: Workshop Report
Authors: Raines Kimberly , Agarwal Payal , Augustijns Patrick , Alayoubi Alaadin , Attia Lucas , Bauer-Brandl Annette , Brandl Martin , Chatterjee Parnali , Chen Hansong , Yu Yuly Chiang , Coutant Carrie , Coutinho Ana Luisa , Curran David , Dressman Jennifer , Ericksen Bryan , Falade Leah , Gao Yi , Gao Zongming , Ghosh Debasis , Ghosh Tapash , Govada Anitha , Gray Elizabeth , Guo Ruiqiong , Hammell Dana , Hermans Andre , Jaini Rohit , Li Hanlin , Mandula Haritha , Men Shuaiqian , Milsmann Johanna , Moldthan Huong , Moody Rebecca , Moseson Dana E. , Müllertz Anette , Patel Roshni , Paudel Kalpana , Reppas Christos , Savkur Rajesh , Schaefer Kerstin , Serajuddin Abu , Taylor Lynne S. , Valapil Rutu , Wei Kevin , Weitschies Werner , Yamashita Shinji , Polli James E. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe in-person workshop “Drug Dissolution in Oral Drug Absorption” was held on May 23–24, 2023, in Baltimore, MD, USA. The workshop was organized into lectures and breakout sessions. Three common topics that were re-visited by various lecturers were amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs), dissolution/permeation interplay, and in vitro methods to predict in vivo biopharmaceutics performance and risk. Topics that repeatedly surfaced across breakout sessions were the following: (1) meaning and assessment of “dissolved drug,” particularly of poorly water soluble drug in colloidal environments (e.g., fed conditions, ASDs); (2) potential limitations of a test that employs sink conditions for a poorly water soluble drug; (3) non-compendial methods (e.g., two-stage or multi-stage method, dissolution/permeation methods); (4) non-compendial conditions (e.g., apex vessels, non-sink conditions); and (5) potential benefit of having both a quality control method for batch release and a biopredictive/biorelevant method for biowaiver or bridging scenarios. An identified obstacle to non-compendial methods is the uncertainty of global regulatory acceptance of such methods.
Long-term Cardiovascular Disease After Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes
Authors: Rosenberg Emily A , Seely Ellen W 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death among women. Adverse pregnancy outcomes (APOs) are cardiovascular risk factors that are unique to women and include gestational diabetes (GDM) and preeclampsia. While these risk factors emerge during the reproductive years and allow for early risk reduction counseling, they are often overlooked and not elicited by providers. This mini-review focuses primarily on GDM and preeclampsia, their relationship with CVD, mechanisms by which these conditions lead to CVD, and management, pharmacological and nonpharmacological, for the clinician who is caring for a woman with a history of an APO.
Metabolic Profiles of Type 2 Diabetes and Their Association With Renal Complications
Authors: Li Shen , Cui Mengxuan , Liu Yingshu , Liu Xuhan , Luo Lan , Zhao Wei , Gu Xiaolan , Li Linfeng , Liu Chao , Bai Lan , Li Di , Liu Bo , Che Defei , Li Xinyu , Wang Yao , Gao Zhengnan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Context
The components of metabolic syndrome (MetS) are interrelated and associated with renal complications in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Objective
We aimed to reveal prevalent metabolic profiles in patients with T2D and identify which metabolic profiles were risk markers for renal progression.

Methods
A total of 3556 participants with T2D from a hospital (derivation cohort) and 931 participants with T2D from a community survey (external validation cohort) were included. The primary outcome was the onset of diabetic kidney disease (DKD), and secondary outcomes included estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) decline, macroalbuminuria, and end-stage renal disease (ESRD). In the derivation cohort, clusters were identified using the 5 components of MetS, and their relationships with the outcomes were assessed. To validate the findings, participants in the validation cohort were assigned to clusters. Multivariate odds ratios (ORs) of the primary outcome were evaluated in both cohorts, adjusted for multiple covariates at baseline.

Results
In the derivation cohort, 6 clusters were identified as metabolic profiles. Compared with cluster 1, cluster 3 (severe hyperglycemia) had increased risks of DKD (hazard ratio [HR] [95% CI]: 1.72 [1.39-2.12]), macroalbuminuria (2.74 [1.84-4.08]), ESRD (4.31 [1.16-15.99]), and eGFR decline [P &lt; .001]; cluster 4 (moderate dyslipidemia) had increased risks of DKD (1.97 [1.53-2.54]) and macroalbuminuria (2.62 [1.61-4.25]). In the validation cohort, clusters 3 and 4 were replicated to have significantly increased risks of DKD (adjusted ORs: 1.24 [1.07-1.44] and 1.39 [1.03-1.87]).

Conclusion
We identified 6 prevalent metabolic profiles in patients with T2D. Severe hyperglycemia and moderate dyslipidemia were validated as significant risk markers for DKD.
The Use of Plasmapheresis in a Severe Case of Amiodarone-Induced Thyrotoxicosis
Authors: Moazezi Tina , Koh Chung-Kay 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis (AIT) can be difficult to treat since amiodarone's long half-life leads to a persistent effect on thyroid function. We present a case of a 74-year-old male with severe AIT who presented with altered mentation and ultimately required intubation and intensive care for management of thyroid storm. Standard medical therapy for treatment of thyroid storm was initiated immediately, but the patient remained unresponsive with worsening biochemical parameters with increasing total T3 levels and sustained elevated levels of free T4 after 5 days of medical management. Due to the lack of a clinical and biochemical response to conventional medical therapy, the patient was started on plasmapheresis and underwent a total of 7 cycles of plasmapheresis over a period of 10 days. He significantly improved with plasmapheresis and was successfully bridged to a total thyroidectomy, which was completed without complications.
Risk of Bone Wax Migration During Retrosigmoid Craniotomy for Microvascular Decompression: Case-Control Study
Authors: Hashikata Hirokuni , Maki Yoshinori , Terada Yukie , Yoshimoto Naoya , Goto Masanori , Ishibashi Ryota , Miki Yoshihito , Ikeda Naokado , Hayashi Hideki , Nishida Namiko , Taki Junya , Iwasaki Koichi , Toda Hiroki 
Published: November 2023

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Bone wax is a flexible hemostatic agent commonly used for surgery in the posterior cranial fossa to control bleeding from the mastoid emissary vein. A large amount of bone wax can migrate into the sigmoid sinus through the mastoid emissary canal (MEC). We aimed to identify clinical factors related to intraoperative bone wax migration through the MEC during microvascular decompression (MVD) surgery, which may result in sigmoid sinus thrombosis.

METHODS:
We retrospectively collected the clinical data of patients with trigeminal neuralgia, hemifacial spasm, or trigeminal neuralgia accompanied by painful tic convulsif who underwent MVD. Basic information and the residual width and length (from the bone surface to the sigmoid sinus) of the MEC on computed tomography images were collected. We compared the collected clinical data between 2 groups of cases with and without intraoperative bone wax migration in the sigmoid sinus.

RESULTS:
Fifty-four cases with intraoperative bone wax migration and 187 patients without migration were enrolled. The t-test revealed significant differences in the width and length of the MEC (P = .013 and P = .003, respectively). These variables were identified as significant factors in predicting intraoperative bone wax migration using multivariate logistic regression analysis.

CONCLUSION:
The large size of the MEC may be related to intraoperative bone wax migration into the sigmoid sinus in MVD. Neurosurgeons should be aware of these risks. Bone wax should be applied appropriately and hemostasis should be considered to control bleeding from the mastoid emissary vein in patients with a large MEC.
Professional communication of employees on duty shifts with citizens taken to the office of the duty units of the internal affairs bodies
Authors: Urazaeva Gul'nora 
Published: November 2023

The article discusses the professional communication of duty shift employees with citizens brought to the duty unit as a result of a detected crime, administrative offense, incident. The content and structure of communication, its result in the form of mutual understanding, interaction or interpersonal conflict, as well as the patterns of the dynamics of the psychological states of the participants involved are the subject of research.
The methodological basis of the study was formed by such scientific approaches and principles of cognition as phenomenological, structural, functional, personal, systemic. Methods of scientific and cognitive activity: observation and experience, description, comparison, universal analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, abstraction, generalization and systematization, analogy, modeling
The phenomenology of the situation of communication between duty shift employees and a citizen brought to the duty unit often reveals its emotionally intense nature and conflict content, primarily with the protesting detainee, which prevents mutual understanding and interaction of its participants.
The employee of the duty shift perceives not only the content of the text of verbal information delivered, but also notices the nature of the mental state of a person and his personal characteristics, which generally determine the type of his behavior. This characterizes the employee's professional communication structurally in terms of the perception and understanding of the interlocutor, whose behavior is modeled by the employee in the process of primary observation.
On-duty shift officers who receive detainees work in conditions of objective overload and chronic fatigue as the main psychophysical condition. The mental state of the employee himself can also be potentially conflicting. The actual behavior of all participants will depend on the correlation and severity of relevant external and internal factors, as well as on the employee's attitude towards constructive behavior and the resolution of a difficult situation.
Features of socio-psychological adaptation to educational and service activities of students of the Faculty of Professional Training of the Kazan Law Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia
Authors: Urazaeva Gul'nora , Kharrasova Gulyemesh 
Published: November 2023

The article presents preliminary results of an empirical study on the problems and characteristics of the socio-psychological adaptation of students of the faculty of vocational training, retraining and advanced training of the Kazan Law Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia to educational and service activities. The methodological basis of the study was the scientific principles of cognition: the principle of determinism, the unity of consciousness and activity (psyche and behavior), the principle of development, as well as such approaches to scientific cognition as functional, personal, systemic.
Methods of scientific and cognitive activity: observation and experience, survey in the form of a questionnaire, description, comparison, universal analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, abstraction, generalization and systematization.
Professional adaptation in educational institutions of the system of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia involves adaptation to the requirements of educational activities, which is aimed at improving the professionally necessary knowledge, skills, training in methods and techniques for quickly solving official problems, respectively, manifests and develops the ability of students to adapt to educational and service, and later on to professional activity, which, in turn, is a factor in the psychosomatic health of a developing subject.
In an empirical study of the characteristics of socio-psychological adaptation of students to educational and service activities (the level achieved, characteristic difficulties in its process), a positive dynamics of the studied indicators of personality adaptability during training was revealed. Low, medium and high levels of formation of social and psychological adaptation of listeners are revealed.
The effectiveness of students' educational and service activities depends on the individual psychological characteristics of the individual and the integrated work of the Institute's employees to provide comfortable conditions for students to assimilate knowledge, develop skills and abilities to effectively resolve operational and service tasks.
OUTCOMES OF OPEN TIBIA FRACTURES IN CHILDREN
Authors: Ncana Waziba 
Published: November 2023

Open tibia fractures are common injuries in our paediatric population and are often associated with high-energy trauma such as pedestrian-vehicle accidents. At our institution, these injuries are routinely treated with debridement and mono-lateral external fixation. The purpose of this study was to determine the outcome of open tibia fractures treated according to this protocol, as well as the complication rate and factors contributing to the development of complications.We performed a retrospective folder review of all patients with open tibia fractures that were treated according to our protocol from 2015–2019. Patients treated by other means, who received primary treatment elsewhere, and with insufficient data, were excluded. Data was collected on presenting demographics, injury characteristics, management, and clinical course. Complications were defined as pin tract infections, delayed- or non-union, malunion, growth arrest, and neurovascular injury. Appropriate statistical analysis was performed.One-hundred-and-fifteen fractures in 114 children (82 males) with a median age of 7 years (IQR 6–9) were included in the analysis. Pedestrian vehicle accidents (PVA's) accounted for 101 (88%) of fractures, and the tibial diaphysis was affected in 74 cases (64%). Fracture severity was equally distributed among the Gustillo-Anderson grades. The median Abbreviated Injury Score was 4 (IQR 4;5). Ninety-five fractures (83%) progressed to uneventful union within 7 weeks. Twenty patients (17%) developed complications, with delayed union and fracture site infections being the most common complications. Gustillo-Anderson Grade 3 fractures, an increased Abbreviated Injury Score, and the need for advanced wound closure techniques were risk factors for developing complications.Surgical debridement and external fixation in a simple mono-lateral frame is an effective treatment for open tibia fractures in children and good outcomes were seen in 83% of patients. More severe injuries requiring advanced wound closure were associated with the development of complications.
GENDER-BASED TRANSGRESSIONS AND BULLYING, HOMOPHOBIA, AND TRANSPHOBIA AMONG ORTHOPAEDIC SURGEONS AND TRAINEES: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF LITERATURE AND AWARENESS PIECE ON WORKSPACE BEHAVIOURS
Authors: Bussio Hannah , Rachuene Pududu Archie 
Published: November 2023

Females and other minority groups including the LGBTQ community are largely under represented orthopaedics, with their negative experience of the work space being cited as a possible contributing factor. The aim of this systematic review was to a evaluate the literature for the prevalence of gender transgressions, homophobia, transphobia and bullying within the orthopaedic work space.The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) approach was used with 2 independent reviewers.A search was conducted using Pubmed and Scopus which identified 973 articles, 94 of which were duplicates. 18 of these were retained after review, the majority of which were surveys. The prevalence of discriminatory behaviour was found to range from 53% to 74.5%, with males in positions of seniority being the most common perpetrators.Gender transgressions, homophobia, transphobia and bullying appears to be a prevalent issue in the orthopaedics, and this is bound to impact the emotional state of these minority groups, thereby impacting their retention in the work space.
A SURVEY OF THE PRACTICE OF CERVICAL TRACTION REDUCTION IN THE WESTERN CAPE
Authors: Salence Bijou , Kruger Nicholas 
Published: November 2023

A retrospective follow-up study was done, assessing regional practices in acute cervical reduction in hospitals in the Western Cape. The constitutional court ruled on the urgency in managing cervical dislocations, and our task is to ensure that medical treatment is optimized to comply with best medical practice and the apex court. A questionnaire was distributed and completed by emergency departments at each hospital, the results retrieved, analysed, and compared to a similar survey done in 2016.Protocols for managing cervical spine dislocations had improved from 80% having no protocols to only over half of facilities (52,6%) not having protocols in place. Inadequate equipment availability remained a problem with only 50% of facilities having adequate equipment available in 2016 to 43,6% in 2023. 10,3% of participants did not know if there was equipment available. In terms of knowledge, there remained poor formal training with a drop from 93% participants identifying that the main indication to attempt emergency cervical reduction was acute cervical dislocation with worsening neurology, to only 46,2%. However, there was an increase in the number of participants who thought reduction was safe. The same percentage of participants from 2016 to 2023 would attempt emergency cervical reduction if given adequate training.Previously we found that most Western Cape hospitals had inadequate protocols, training, and equipment for cervical reductions. In 2023, more hospitals in the Province have protocols in place for cervical reductions and the same percentage of doctors would attempt emergency cervical reduction with adequate training. However, equipment and training for management of acute cervical dislocations has not improved.We conclude that most Western Cape Hospitals are unprepared to adequately manage acute cervical dislocations.
A REVIEW OF FLUOROSCOPY-GUIDED PERCUTANEOUS TRANSPEDICULAR SPINAL BIOPSIES AT A TERTIARY HOSPITAL
Authors: Bhikha Shivam 
Published: November 2023

When a suspicious spine lesion is identified, an accurate diagnosis based on tissue biopsy is needed to direct towards the correct treatment protocol. Several studies concluded that the percutaneous fluoroscopy guided biopsy of vertebral lesions is a safe, effective and accurate diagnostic tool and is preferred over open techniques when possible. The aim of this study was to review percutaneous fluoroscopy guided transpedicular spinal biopsies at a tertiary hospital over a 6-year period.The research design was a retrospective review of patients who underwent percutaneous transpedicular spinal biopsies under fluoroscopy guidance at a tertiary hospital over a six year period (1st January 2016 to the 31st December 2021).The spine theatre registry and hospital records system were used as the source for data collection. Statistical analysis was conducted to determine the effectiveness of transpedicular spinal biopsies, compare spinal pathology amongst age and gender and to identify any complications.The study analysed 180 biopsies, 120 yielding a positive result (66.67%). Of these 8.9% were pyogenic infection, 18.4% neoplasm, 36.7% Tuberculosis and 2.7% other. There were 75 males and 105 females with an age range between 9 and 86 years and mean age of 43.44. Comparing age and gender found no statistical significance (p = 0.778). Comparing biopsy result and gender showed no statistical significant relationship (p = 0.970). Comparison of biopsy result with age showed no statistical significant association (p = 0,545). Four complications were identified (2.22%).The study showed that fluoroscopy guided percutaneous transpedicular biopsy is an effective and safe modality in obtaining spinal specimens in all age groups for a wide spectrum of spinal pathological lesions.