bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disproportionate Rates of COVID-19 Among Black Canadian Communities: Lessons from a Cross-Sectional Study in the First Year of the Pandemic
Authors: Allen Upton D. , Barton Michelle , Upton Julia , Bailey Annette , Campigotto Aaron , Abdulnoor Mariana , Julien Jean-Philippe , Gubbay Jonathan , Kissoon Niranjan , Litosh Alice , La Neve Maria-Rosa , Wong Peter , Allen Andrew , Bailey Renee , Byrne Walter , Jagoowani Ranjeeta , Phillips Chantal , Merreles-Pulcini Manuela , Polack Alicia , Prescod Cheryl , Siddiqi Arjumand , Summers Alexander , Thompson Kimberly , Thompson Sylvanus , James Carl ,   for the seroMARK Research Group, Appelt Pamela , Awuku Mark , Bailey Paul , Collins Janet , Gebremikael Liben , Gumb Jenny , Mengesha Tesfai , Patterson Adaoma , Prescod Cheryl , Richardson Noelle , Thompson Sylvanus , Welch Nicole 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background
Racialized communities, including Black Canadians, have disproportionately higher COVID-19 cases. We examined the extent to which SARS-CoV-2 infection has affected the Black Canadian community and the factors associated with the infection.

Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional survey in an area of Ontario (northwest Toronto/Peel Region) with a high proportion of Black residents along with 2 areas that have lower proportions of Black residents (Oakville and London, Ontario). SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies were determined using the EUROIMMUN assay. The study was conducted between August 15, 2020, and December 15, 2020.

Results
Among 387 evaluable subjects, the majority, 273 (70.5%), were enrolled from northwest Toronto and adjoining suburban areas of Peel, Ontario. The seropositivity values for Oakville and London were comparable (3.3% (2/60; 95% CI 0.4–11.5) and 3.9% (2/51; 95% CI 0.5–13.5), respectively). Relative to these areas, the seropositivity was higher for the northwest Toronto/Peel area at 12.1% (33/273), relative risk (RR) 3.35 (1.22–9.25). Persons 19 years of age or less had the highest seropositivity (10/50; 20.0%, 95% CI 10.3–33.7%), RR 2.27 (1.23–3.59). There was a trend for an interaction effect between race and location of residence as this relates to the relative risk of seropositivity.

Interpretation
During the early phases of the pandemic, the seropositivity within a COVID-19 high-prevalence zone was threefold greater than lower prevalence areas of Ontario. Black individuals were among those with the highest seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2.
Novel Perovskite Oxide Hybrid Nanofibers Embedded with Nanocatalysts for Highly Efficient and Durable Electrodes in Direct CO2 Electrolysis
Authors: Akhmadjonov Akromjon , Bae Kyung Taek , Lee Kang Taek 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe unique characteristics of nanofibers in rational electrode design enable effective utilization and maximizing material properties for achieving highly efficient and sustainable CO2 reduction reactions (CO2RRs) in solid oxide electrolysis cells (SOECs). However, practical application of nanofiber-based electrodes faces challenges in establishing sufficient interfacial contact and adhesion with the dense electrolyte. To tackle this challenge, a novel hybrid nanofiber electrode, La0.6Sr0.4Co0.15Fe0.8Pd0.05O3−δ (H-LSCFP), is developed by strategically incorporating low aspect ratio crushed LSCFP nanofibers into the excess porous interspace of a high aspect ratio LSCFP nanofiber framework synthesized via electrospinning technique. After consecutive treatment in 100% H2 and CO2 at 700 °C, LSCFP nanofibers form a perovskite phase with in situ exsolved Co metal nanocatalysts and a high concentration of oxygen species on the surface, enhancing CO2 adsorption. The SOEC with the H-LSCFP electrode yielded an outstanding current density of 2.2 A cm−2 in CO2 at 800 °C and 1.5 V, setting a new benchmark among reported nanofiber-based electrodes. Digital twinning of the H-LSCFP reveals improved contact adhesion and increased reaction sites for CO2RR. The present work demonstrates a highly catalytically active and robust nanofiber-based fuel electrode with a hybrid structure, paving the way for further advancements and nanofiber applications in CO2-SOECs.
Versatile MXene Gels Assisted by Brief and Low-Strength Centrifugation
Authors: Yu Weiyan , Yang Yi , Wang Yunjing , Hu Lulin , Hao Jingcheng , Xu Lu , Liu Weimin 
Published: January 2024

AbstractDue to the mutual repulsion between their hydrophilic surface terminations and the high surface energy facilitating their random restacking, 2D MXene nanosheets usually cannot self-assemble into 3D macroscopic gels with various applications in the absence of proper linking agents. In this work, a rapid spontaneous gelation of Ti3C2Tx MXene with a very low dispersion concentration of 0.5 mg mL−1 into multifunctional architectures under moderate centrifugation is illustrated. The as-prepared MXene gels exhibit reconfigurable internal structures and tunable rheological, tribological, electrochemical, infrared-emissive and photothermal-conversion properties based on the pH-induced changes in the surface chemistry of Ti3C2Tx nanosheets. By adopting a gel with optimized pH value, high lubrication, exceptional specific capacitances (~ 635 and ~ 408 F g−1 at 5 and 100 mV s−1, respectively), long-term capacitance retention (~ 96.7% after 10,000 cycles) and high-precision screen- or extrusion-printing into different high-resolution anticounterfeiting patterns can be achieved, thus displaying extensive potential applications in the fields of semi-solid lubrication, controllable devices, supercapacitors, information encryption and infrared camouflaging.
Hutchinson’s intervals and entire functions from the Laguerre–Pólya class
Authors: Nguyen Thu Hien , Vishnyakova Anna 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWe find intervals $$[\alpha , \beta (\alpha )]$$

[
α
,
β
(
α
)
]

such that, if a univariate real polynomial or entire function $$f(z) = a_0 + a_1 z + a_2 z^2 + \cdots $$

f

(
z
)

=

a
0

+

a
1

z
+

a
2

z
2

+
⋯

with positive coefficients satisfies the conditions $$ q_k(f) = {a_{k-1}^2}/({a_{k-2}a_{k}}) \in [\alpha , \beta (\alpha )]$$

q
k

(
f
)

=

a

k
-
1

2

/

(

a

k
-
2

a
k

)

∈

[
α
,
β

(
α
)

]

for all $$k \geqslant 2$$

k
⩾
2

, then f belongs to the Laguerre–Pólya class. For instance, from Hutchinson’s theorem, one can observe that f belongs to the Laguerre–Pólya class (has only real zeros) when $$q_k(f) \in [4, + \infty )$$

q
k

(
f
)

∈

[
4
,
+
∞
)

. We are interested in finding those intervals which are not subsets of $$[4, + \infty )$$

[
4
,
+
∞
)

.
p-Summing Bloch mappings on the complex unit disc
Authors: Cabrera-Padilla M. G. , Jiménez-Vargas A. , Ruiz-Casternado D. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe notion of p-summing Bloch mapping from the complex unit open disc $$\mathbb {D}$$
D
into a complex Banach space X is introduced for any $$1\le p\le \infty .$$

1
≤
p
≤
∞
.

It is shown that the linear space of such mappings, equipped with a natural seminorm $$\pi ^{\mathcal {B}}_p,$$

π
p
B

,

is Möbius-invariant. Moreover, its subspace consisting of all those mappings which preserve the zero is an injective Banach ideal of normalized Bloch mappings. Bloch versions of the Pietsch’s domination/factorization Theorem and the Maurey’s extrapolation Theorem are presented. We also introduce the spaces of X-valued Bloch molecules on $$\mathbb {D}$$
D
and identify the spaces of normalized p-summing Bloch mappings from $$\mathbb {D}$$
D
into $$X^*$$

X
∗

under the norm $$\pi ^{\mathcal {B}}_p$$

π
p
B

with the duals of such spaces of molecules under the Bloch version of the $$p^*$$

p
∗

-Chevet–Saphar tensor norms $$d_{p^*}.$$

d

p
∗

.
Microplastic menace: a path forward with innovative solutions to reduce pollution
Authors: R Jino Affrald 
Published: January 2024

AbstractMicroplastics are a very complex, diverse, and persistent contaminant class in aquatic ecosystems, providing significant challenges for scientists in developing analytical methodologies, fate and transport models, identification of exposure routes, and toxicological risk evaluation are all key difficulties for scientists. Despite a considerable and developing body of thought concerning the effects of microplastics on aquatic species, nothing is known about the effects of microplastics on humans. Microplastics have been found in food all across the world. As a result, human exposure to microplastics through tainted food is unavoidable, possibly creating health risks. In recent years, a major research effort has added to our understanding, but there is an urgent need to simplify and integrate the findings. This review focuses on the effects of microplastics as well as methods for decomposing plastics without creating microplastic particles. Among the various plastic breakdown methods, employing microorganisms and nanotechnology might be a long-term solution in preventing environmental microplastic contamination.
Public Health Benefits From Improved Identification of Severe Air Pollution Events With Geostationary Satellite Data
Authors: O'Dell Katelyn , Kondragunta Shobha , Zhang Hai , Goldberg Daniel L. , Kerr Gaige Hunter , Wei Zigang , Henderson Barron H. , Anenberg Susan C. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractDespite improvements in ambient air quality in the US in recent decades, many people still experience unhealthy levels of pollution. At present, national‐level alert‐day identification relies predominately on surface monitor networks and forecasters. Satellite‐based estimates of surface air quality have rapidly advanced and have the capability to inform exposure‐reducing actions to protect public health. At present, we lack a robust framework to quantify public health benefits of these advances in applications of satellite‐based atmospheric composition data. Here, we assess possible health benefits of using geostationary satellite data, over polar orbiting satellite data, for identifying particulate air quality alert days (24hr PM2.5 > 35 μg m−3) in 2020. We find the more extensive spatiotemporal coverage of geostationary satellite data leads to a 60% increase in identification of person‐alerts (alert days × population) in 2020 over polar‐orbiting satellite data. We apply pre‐existing estimates of PM2.5 exposure reduction by individual behavior modification and find these additional person‐alerts may lead to 1,200 (800–1,500) or 54% more averted PM2.5‐attributable premature deaths per year, if geostationary, instead of polar orbiting, satellite data alone are used to identify alert days. These health benefits have an associated economic value of 13 (8.8–17) billion dollars ($2019) per year. Our results highlight one of many potential applications of atmospheric composition data from geostationary satellites for improving public health. Identifying these applications has important implications for guiding use of current satellite data and planning future geostationary satellite missions.
Enigmatic Tsunami Waves Amplified by Repetitive Source Events Near Sofugan Volcano, Japan
Authors: Sandanbata Osamu , Satake Kenji , Takemura Shunsuke , Watada Shingo , Maeda Takuto , Kubota Tatsuya 
Published: January 2024

AbstractOn 8 October 2023, mysterious tsunamis with a maximum wave height of 60 cm were observed in Izu Islands and southwestern Japan, although only seismic events with body‐wave magnitudes mb 4–5 have been documented to the west of Sofugan volcano. To investigate the source process, we analyze tsunami waveforms recorded by an array network of ocean bottom pressure gauges. Stacked waveforms of pressure gauge records suggest recurrent arrivals of multiple wave trains. Deconvolution of the stacked waveforms by tsunami waveforms from an earlier event revealed over 10 source events that intermittently generated tsunamis for ∼1.5 hr. The temporal history of this sequence corresponds to the origin times of T‐phases estimated by an ocean bottom seismometer and of the seismic swarm, implying a common origin. Larger events later in the sequence occurred at intervals comparable to the tsunami wave period, causing amplification of later phases of the tsunami waves.
Three Centuries of Snowpack Decline at an Alpine Pass Revealed by Cosmogenic Paleothermometry and Luminescence Photochronometry
Authors: Guralnik Benny , Tremblay Marissa M. , Phillips Marcia , Sellwood Elaine L. , Gribenski Natacha , Presl Robert , Haberkorn Anna , Sohbati Reza , Shuster David L. , Valla Pierre G. , Jain Mayank , Schindler Konrad , Wallinga Jakob , Hippe Kristina 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe spatial and temporal distribution of Alpine snow is a sensitive gauge of environmental change. While understanding past snow dynamics is essential for reconstructing past climate and forecasting future trends, reliable snowpack data prior to the instrumental record are scarce. We present a novel pairing of cosmogenic paleothermometry and luminescence photochronometry which constrain the temperature and insolation history of bedrock outcrops at the Gotthard Pass, Switzerland, over the last ∼15,000 years. By coupling these results with cosmogenic 14C‐10Be chronology and modern in situ rock thermometry, we infer a ∼70‐day reduction of snowpack at the topographic mid‐slope. Our data indicate stable environmental conditions throughout the Holocene, followed by a 6.6 ± 2.9°C increase of ground surface temperature, coeval with an order‐of‐magnitude or more increase in ground surface insolation. Bracketing the onset of these changes between 1504 and 1807 CE, our findings tie the snowpack decline with the onset of human industrialization.
The Role of Convectively‐Generated Gravity Waves in Poleward Propagation of MSTIDs Over Srinagar (34.1°N, 74.8°E)
Authors: Bhat Aashiq Hussain , Rather Mohammad Rafeeq , Ramkumar T. K. , Malik Manzoor Ahmad 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWe report the influence of the atmospheric gravity waves on medium scale traveling ionospheric disturbances (MSTIDs) that are observed during the month of September 2020, using an airglow imager over Srinagar, Kashmir. Several cases of nighttime MSTIDs at ∼250 km altitude are presented which propagate either in northwestward, northward or northeastward direction. Either the phase fronts of the observed MSTIDs are not aligned in the NW‐SE direction, or the MSTIDs are not propagating in the southwest direction, these are believed to be non‐electrified MSTIDs which are generally associated with gravity waves (GWs). The average horizontal wavelengths of these MSTIDs range from 185 to 469 km, horizontal phase speeds of about 162–521 m/s while the time periods range from 13 to 24 min considered as very short‐period ionospheric disturbances. The detection of GWs at ∼97 and ∼85 km heights during the nights of MSTID detection leads to the inference that there is a strong correlation between the occurrences of these MSTIDs with mesospheric GWs. By using satellite data, including INSAT‐3DR and the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder, the detection of convective clouds near the locations of the imager is observed, and by utilizing the kinetic temperature data from the Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry satellite, the presence of GWs near the convective systems is also seen. Such GWs are also observed in the vicinity of the imager location and it is concluded that the lower atmospheric convectively‐generated GWs could be a leading factor for the generation of poleward propagating MSTIDs.
Modeling and Observations of the Effects of the Alfvén Velocity Profile on the Ionospheric Alfvén Resonator
Authors: Hodnett R. M. , Yeoman T. K. , Beggan C. D. , Wright D. M. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWe have modeled the individual harmonic frequencies of the Ionospheric Alfvén Resonator (IAR) at Eskdalemuir by solving a one‐dimensional wave equation and using non‐uniform modeled Alfvén velocity profiles. By comparing the results of the modeling alongside harmonics obtained from the Eskdalemuir, UK, data set from 2013 to 2021, the effects of the non‐uniformity of the Alfvén velocity profile on the IAR are considered. We calculated the offset between the fundamental frequency and the harmonic frequency separation and found that this is not constant. From this parameter, we infer that the lower boundary condition of the electric field of the IAR is closest to a node, which agrees with previous studies. We compare the results of the non‐uniform model with previous uniform models and evaluate their interpretations and the implications for the lower boundary condition.
Enhancing Regional Seismic Velocity Models With Higher‐Resolution Local Results Using Sparse Dictionary Learning
Authors: Zhang Hao , Ben‐Zion Yehuda 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWe use sparse dictionary learning to develop transformations between seismic velocity models of different resolution and spatial extent. Starting with data in the common region of both models, the method can enhance a regional lower‐resolution model to match the style and resolution of local higher‐resolution results while preserving its regional coverage. The method is demonstrated by applying it to two‐dimensional VS and three‐dimensional VP and VS regional and local velocity models in southern California. The enhanced reconstructed regional results exhibit clear visual improvements, especially in the reconstructed VP/VS ratios, and better correlations with geological features. Moreover, the reconstructed regional VP, VS models outperform the original ones in comparison of simulated earthquake waveforms to observations. The improved fitting to observed waveforms extends beyond the domain of the overlapping region. The developed dictionary learning approach provides physically interpretable results and offers a powerful tool for additional applications of data enhancement in earth sciences.
Comparing Atmospheric Temperature Fluctuations Across Landed Missions
Authors: Mason Emily L. , Smith Michael D. , Richardson Mark I. , Guzewich Scott D. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWe analyze and compare atmospheric temperature data from three landed missions: Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) Curiosity rover, Phoenix lander, and Pathfinder lander. Pathfinder and Phoenix were lander missions that operated for 84 and 151 sols, respectively. MSL Curiosity is a rover that operates on the surface of Mars. It has recorded air temperature for more than five Mars Years (MY). We denoise and detrend temperature data from each mission and use those results to calculate variance in air temperature as a diagnostic for atmospheric variability at the surface. The results show a consistent seasonal pattern in MSL air temperature variance with little interannual variability outside major dust storms. The global dust storm in MY 34 was accompanied by a decrease in temperature variance and a muted response in peak MY 35 variance the following year. Phoenix (68°N, 2 m measurement height) and Pathfinder (19.7°N, 1.1 m measurement height) air temperatures have larger variance than air temperature from environmental data records at the MSL location (5.4°S, 1.6 m measurement height) at its equatorial latitude. Pathfinder variances per sol are larger than those of Phoenix, possibly due to a combination of Pathfinder's lower albedo surface and lower latitude. This occurs despite the Pathfinder location's higher thermal inertia, which would act to decrease noontime variance relative to a lower thermal inertia surface. Comparison of MSL temperature variance to pressure drops related to convective vortex activity shows consistent seasonal patterns; however, pressure drops tend to increase with increasing rover elevation, while variance remains consistent.
Exhumation of an Ultrahigh‐Pressure Slice From the Upper Plate of the Caledonian Orogen—A Record From Titanite in North‐East Greenland
Authors: Gilotti Jane A. , McClelland William C. , Cao Wentao , Coble Matthew A. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractUltrahigh‐pressure (UHP) rocks in North‐East Greenland lie within a larger region of high‐pressure Laurentian crust formed in the overthickened upper plate of the collision with Baltica. Coesite‐bearing zircon dates UHP metamorphism to 365–350 Ma, which formed at the end of the Caledonian collision as a result of intracontinental subduction facilitated by strike‐slip faults that broke the lithosphere. Rutile is the stable Ti‐bearing phase at UHP, while titanite forms on the retrograde path. Trace elements and U‐Pb in titanite were analyzed for six UHP gneisses. Zr‐in‐titanite temperatures range from 764 to 803°C and lie on the isobaric part of the pressure‐temperature path at 1.2 GPa, which fits Ti‐phase stability determined by thermodynamic modeling. Large (>600 μm), zoned titanite preserves three distinct trace element patterns that are due to metamorphism, melting and garnet breakdown. Weighted mean 206Pb/238U ages range from 347 ± 5 Ma to 320 ± 11 Ma, but age variation as a function of trace element domain for individual samples is not resolvable within uncertainty. Titanite records a prolonged period of exhumation that is also seen in the zircon record, where phengite decompression melting started at ca. 347 Ma, leucosome emplacement accompanied retrograde metamorphism from 350 to 330 Ma; and titanite grew during isobaric cooling from 345 to 320 Ma when the UHP rocks stalled at lower crustal levels. The same transforms that originally break the lithosphere play a significant role in channeling the UHP rocks back to the lower crust via buoyancy driven exhumation, after which time titanite formed.
Elasto-inertial microfluidic separation of microspheres with submicron resolution at high-throughput
Authors: Jeon Hyunwoo , Lee Song Ha , Shin Jongho , Song Kicheol , Ahn Nari , Park Jinsoo 
Published: January 2024

AbstractElasto-inertial microfluidic separation offers many advantages including high throughput and separation resolution. Even though the separation efficiency highly depends on precise control of the flow conditions, no concrete guidelines have been reported yet in elasto-inertial microfluidics. Here, we propose a dimensionless analysis for precise estimation of the microsphere behaviors across the interface of Newtonian and viscoelastic fluids. Reynolds number, modified Weissenberg number, and modified elastic number are used to investigate the balance between inertial and elastic lift forces. Based on the findings, we introduce a new dimensionless number defined as the width of the Newtonian fluid stream divided by microsphere diameter. The proposed dimensionless analysis allows us to predict whether the microspheres migrate across the co-flow interface. The theoretical estimation is found to be in good agreement with the experimental results using 2.1- and 3.2-μm-diameter polystyrene microspheres in a co-flow of water and polyethylene oxide solution. Based on the theoretical estimation, we also realize submicron separation of the microspheres with 2.1 and 2.5 μm in diameter at high throughput, high purity (>95%), and high recovery rate (>97%). The applicability of the proposed method was validated by separation of platelets from similar-sized Escherichia coli (E.coli).