bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Subcortical contributions to the sense of body ownership
Authors: Crucianelli Laura , Reader Arran T , Ehrsson H Henrik 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The sense of body ownership (i.e. the feeling that our body or its parts belong to us) plays a key role in bodily self-consciousness and is believed to stem from multisensory integration. Experimental paradigms such as the rubber hand illusion have been developed to allow the controlled manipulation of body ownership in laboratory settings, providing effective tools for investigating malleability in the sense of body ownership and the boundaries that distinguish self from other.
Neuroimaging studies of body ownership converge on the involvement of several cortical regions, including the premotor cortex and posterior parietal cortex. However, relatively less attention has been paid to subcortical structures that may also contribute to body ownership perception, such as the cerebellum and putamen. Here, on the basis of neuroimaging and neuropsychological observations, we provide an overview of relevant subcortical regions and consider their potential role in generating and maintaining a sense of ownership over the body. We also suggest novel avenues for future research targeting the role of subcortical regions in making sense of the body as our own.
Tubulo-interstitial inflammation increases the risk of graft loss after the recurrence of IgA nephropathy
Authors: Rodrigo Emilio , Quintana Luis F , Vázquez-Sánchez Teresa , Sánchez-Fructuoso Ana , Buxeda Anna , Gavela Eva , Cazorla Juan M , Cabello Sheila , Beneyto Isabel , López-Oliva María O , Diekmann Fritz , Gómez-Ortega José M , Calvo Romero Natividad , Pérez-Sáez María J , Sancho Asunción , Mazuecos Auxiliadora , Espí-Reig Jordi , Jiménez Carlos , Hernández Domingo 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT

Background
Immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) is the most frequent recurrent disease in kidney transplant recipients and its recurrence contributes to reducing graft survival. Several variables at the time of recurrence have been associated with a higher risk of graft loss. The presence of clinical or subclinical inflammation has been associated with a higher risk of kidney graft loss, but it is not precisely known how it influences the outcome of patients with recurrent IgAN.

Methods
We performed a multicentre retrospective study including kidney transplant recipients with biopsy-proven recurrence of IgAN in which Banff and Oxford classification scores were available. ‘Tubulo-interstitial inflammation’ (TII) was defined when ‘t’ or ‘i’ were ≥2. The main endpoint was progression to chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage 5 or to death censored-graft loss (CKD5/DCGL).

Results
A total of 119 kidney transplant recipients with IgAN recurrence were included and 23 of them showed TII. Median follow-up was 102.9 months and 39 (32.8%) patients reached CKD5/DCGL. TII related to a higher risk of CKD5/DCGL (3 years 18.0% vs 45.3%, log-rank 7.588, P = .006). After multivariate analysis, TII remained related to the risk of CKD5/DCGL (HR 2.344, 95% CI 1.119–4.910, P = .024) independently of other histologic and clinical variables.

Conclusions
In kidney transplant recipients with IgAN recurrence, TII contributes to increasing the risk of CKD5/DCGL independently of previously well-known variables. We suggest adding TII along with the Oxford classification to the clinical variables to identify recurrent IgAN patients at increased risk of graft loss who might benefit from intensified immunosuppression or specific IgAN therapies.
Brugada phenocopy with altered ST-segment elevation in pericardial diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and effusive–constrictive pericarditis: a case report
Authors: Ishibashi Yohei , Zhang Shanshan , Tamura Shuntaro , Ishii Hideki 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background
Cardiac lymphoma is a rare disease. Effusive–constrictive pericarditis can be a characteristic of pericardial involvement in patients with this disease. Conversely, a phenotype with electrocardiogram changes similar to those of Brugada syndrome is called Brugada phenocopy, and these changes improve after treatment.

Case summary
A 71-year-old man was transported to our hospital with chest pain, hypotension, and ST-segment elevation in V1 and V2 leads during maintenance dialysis for renal failure. After arrival at the hospital, his ST-segment elevation disappeared, and emergency coronary angiography scan revealed no significant coronary artery stenoses or obstructions. His computed tomography and echocardiography scans revealed pericardial effusion and an intrapericardial mass. Further, his blood pressure dropped and ST-segment elevation recurred during dialysis after 7 days. Thus, pericardiocentesis was performed, but haemodynamic improvement was insufficient, and right catheterization findings suggested effusive–constrictive pericarditis. Meanwhile, flow cytometry of the pericardial fluid suggested the diagnosis of B-cell lymphoma; however, radical chemoradiotherapy was impossible because of cardiogenic shock. The patient died on Day 17. Further, autopsy revealed diffuse large B-cell lymphoma with pericardial and myocardial infiltration.

Discussion
Cardiac lymphoma is rare but can be associated with effusive–constrictive pericarditis, which may be difficult to manage even with pericardial drainage. In such cases, radical treatment, including chemotherapy, should be promptly considered, if possible. Our patient presented with Brugada-type electrocardiogram but no syncope or family history, suggesting Brugada phenocopy and not true Brugada syndrome due to cardiac lymphoma. Notably, temporary improvement in ST-segment elevation was observed despite the absence of treatment.
Improving cardiovascular risk prediction through machine learning modelling of irregularly repeated electronic health records
Authors: Li Chaiquan , Liu Xiaofei , Shen Peng , Sun Yexiang , Zhou Tianjing , Chen Weiye , Chen Qi , Lin Hongbo , Tang Xun , Gao Pei 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAimsExisting electronic health records (EHRs) often consist of abundant but irregular longitudinal measurements of risk factors. In this study, we aim to leverage such data to improve the risk prediction of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) by applying machine learning (ML) algorithms, which can allow automatic screening of the population.Methods and resultsA total of 215 744 Chinese adults aged between 40 and 79 without a history of cardiovascular disease were included (6081 cases) from an EHR-based longitudinal cohort study. To allow interpretability of the model, the predictors of demographic characteristics, medication treatment, and repeatedly measured records of lipids, glycaemia, obesity, blood pressure, and renal function were used. The primary outcome was ASCVD, defined as non-fatal acute myocardial infarction, coronary heart disease death, or fatal and non-fatal stroke. The eXtreme Gradient boosting (XGBoost) algorithm and Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) regression models were derived to predict the 5-year ASCVD risk. In the validation set, compared with the refitted Chinese guideline–recommended Cox model (i.e. the China-PAR), the XGBoost model had a significantly higher C-statistic of 0.792, (the differences in the C-statistics: 0.011, 0.006–0.017, P &lt; 0.001), with similar results reported for LASSO regression (the differences in the C-statistics: 0.008, 0.005–0.011, P &lt; 0.001). The XGBoost model demonstrated the best calibration performance (men: Dx = 0.598, P = 0.75; women: Dx = 1.867, P = 0.08). Moreover, the risk distribution of the ML algorithms differed from that of the conventional model. The net reclassification improvement rates of XGBoost and LASSO over the Cox model were 3.9% (1.4–6.4%) and 2.8% (0.7–4.9%), respectively.ConclusionMachine learning algorithms with irregular, repeated real-world data could improve cardiovascular risk prediction. They demonstrated significantly better performance for reclassification to identify the high-risk population correctly.
Safety and care of no fasting prior to catheterization laboratory procedures: a non-inferiority randomized control trial protocol (SCOFF trial)
Authors: Ferreira David , Hardy Jack , Meere Will , Butel-Simoes Lloyd , McGee Michael , Whitehead Nicholas , Healey Paul , Ford Tom , Oldmeadow Christopher , Attia John , Wilsmore Bradley , Collins Nicholas , Boyle Andrew 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Aims
Cardiac catheterization procedures are typically performed with local anaesthetic and proceduralist guided sedation. Various fasting regimens are routinely implemented prior to these procedures, noting the absence of prospective evidence, aiming to reduce aspiration risk. However, there are additional risks from fasting including patient discomfort, intravascular volume depletion, stimulus for neuro-cardiogenic syncope, glycaemic outcomes, and unnecessary fasting for delayed/cancelled procedures.

Methods and results
This is an investigator-initiated, multicentre, randomized trial with a prospective, open-label, blinded endpoint (PROBE) assessment based in New South Wales, Australia. Patients will be randomized 1:1 to fasting (6 h solid food and 2 h clear liquids) or to no fasting requirements. The primary outcome will be a composite of hypotension, hyperglycaemia, hypoglycaemia, and aspiration pneumonia. Secondary outcomes will include patient satisfaction, contrast-induced nephropathy, new intensive care admission, new non-invasive or invasive ventilation requirement post procedure, and 30-day mortality and readmission.

Conclusions
This is a pragmatic and clinically relevant randomised trial designed to compare fasting verse no fasting prior to cardiac catheterisation procedures. Routine fasting may not reduce peri-procedural adverse events in this setting.
The cardiovascular disease burden attributable to low physical activity in the Western Pacific Region, 1990–2019: an age–period–cohort analysis of the Global Burden of Disease study
Authors: Liu Zeye , Li Ziping , Xie Jing , Xia Ruibing , Li Yakun , Zhang Fengwen , Ouyang Wenbin , Wang Shouzheng , Pan Xiangbin 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Aims
To increase the comprehensive understanding of trends in the burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD) attributable to low physical activity in the Western Pacific Region.

Methods and results
Based on data from the Global Burden of Disease study for the years 1990–2019, an age–period–cohort analysis was conducted to investigate trends in CVD-related mortality attributable to low physical activity in the Western Pacific Region and associations with age, period, and birth cohort. We also used joinpoint regression analysis to identify the periods with the most substantial changes. The results show that, the Western Pacific Region witnessed a substantial increase in CVD deaths attributable to low physical activity, accompanied by a rise in all-age CVD-related mortality. However, the age-standardized death rate was lower in the region than the global level, highlighting the importance of considering the age composition of CVD burden in the region. Countries with higher socio-demographic index (SDI) levels exhibited lower mortality than those with lower SDI levels. The longitudinal analysis using the age–period–cohort model indicated an overall improvement in CVD-related mortality attributable to low physical activity in the region, but with differences between sexes and CVD subtypes. Specific period in which CVD-related mortality decreased significantly was 2011–16, for the average annual percentage change for the period was −0.69%.

Conclusion
The study highlights the significance of addressing low physical activity as a modifiable risk factor for CVD burden in the Western Pacific Region. Further research is essential to understand the factors contributing to inter-country variations, sex disparities, and CVD subtypes distinctions.
Metabolic reconstruction of the human pathogen Candida auris: using a cross-species approach for drug target prediction
Authors: Viana Romeu , Carreiro Tiago , Couceiro Diogo , Dias Oscar , Rocha Isabel , Teixeira Miguel Cacho 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Candida auris is an emerging human pathogen, associated with antifungal drug resistance and hospital candidiasis outbreaks. In this work, we present iRV973, the first reconstructed Genome-scale metabolic model (GSMM) for C. auris. The model was manually curated and experimentally validated, being able to accurately predict the specific growth rate of C. auris and the utilization of several sole carbon and nitrogen sources. The model was compared to GSMMs available for other pathogenic Candida species and exploited as a platform for cross-species comparison, aiming the analysis of their metabolic features and the identification of potential new antifungal targets common to the most prevalent pathogenic Candida species. From a metabolic point of view, we were able to identify unique enzymes in C. auris in comparison with other Candida species, which may represent unique metabolic features. Additionally, 50 enzymes were identified as potential drug targets, given their essentiality in conditions mimicking human serum, common to all four different Candida models analysed. These enzymes represent interesting drug targets for antifungal therapy, including some known targets of antifungal agents used in clinical practice, but also new potential drug targets without any human homolog or drug association in Candida species.
Genomics of the relict species Baronia brevicornis sheds light on its demographic history and genome size evolution across swallowtail butterflies
Authors: Marino Alba , Reboud Eliette L , Chevalier Emmanuelle , Tilak Marie-Ka , Contreras-Garduño Jorge , Nabholz Benoit , Condamine Fabien L 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Relict species, like coelacanth, gingko, tuatara, are the remnants of formerly more ecologically and taxonomically diverse lineages. It raises the questions of why they are currently species-poor, have restrained ecology, and are often vulnerable to extinction. Estimating heterozygosity level and demographic history can guide our understanding of the evolutionary history and conservation status of relict species. However, few studies have focused on relict invertebrates compared to vertebrates. We sequenced the genome of Baronia brevicornis (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae), which is an endangered species, the sister species of all swallowtail butterflies, and is the oldest lineage of all extant butterflies. From a dried specimen, we were able to generate both long-read and short-read data and assembled a genome of 406 Mb for Baronia. We found a fairly high level of heterozygosity (0.58%) compared to other swallowtail butterflies, which contrasts with its endangered and relict status. Taking into account the high ratio of recombination over mutation, demographic analyses indicated a sharp decline of the effective population size initiated in the last million years. Moreover, the Baronia genome was used to study genome size variation in Papilionidae. Genome sizes are mostly explained by transposable elements activities, suggesting that large genomes appear to be a derived feature in swallowtail butterflies as transposable elements activity is recent and involves different transposable elements classes among species. This first Baronia genome provides a resource for assisting conservation in a flagship and relict insect species as well as for understanding swallowtail genome evolution.
Longitudinal Changes of Cognition and Frailty With All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality in Chinese Older Adults: An 11-Year Cohort Study
Authors: Chen Chen , Li Xinwei , Wang Jun , Zhou Jinhui , Wei Yuan , Luo Yufei , Xu Lanjing , Liu Zuyun , Lv Yuebin , Shi Xiaoming 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Physical function deterioration is always accompanied by a cognitive decline in older adults. However, evidence is lacking for the long-term simultaneous changing patterns of cognition and physical frailty and their associations with mortality among older adults.

Research Design and Methods
This study included 8,231 adults aged ≥65 with a baseline and at least one follow-up assessment of both cognition and physical frailty from the 2007–2018 Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey. Physical frailty (FRAIL phenotype) and cognition (Mini-Mental State Examination) were applied. Group-based joint trajectory modeling was used to fit the joint trajectories of cognition and physical frailty. Cox proportional hazards model was used to evaluate the trajectory-mortality associations.

Results
Three distinct joint trajectories were identified: no joint progression (34.4%), moderate joint progression (47.0%), and rapid joint progression (18.6%). During a median follow-up of 8.3 years, the rapid joint progression group, compared to the no joint progression, had the highest risk for all-cause mortality (hazard ratio (HR), 3.37 [95% CI: 2.99–3.81]), cardiovascular (CVD) mortality (3.21 [2.08–4.96]) and non-CVD mortality (2.99 [2.28–3.92]), respectively. Joint trajectory was found to be more predictive of mortality as compared to baseline measures of cognition and/or frailty (C-statistic ranged from 0.774 to 0.798). Higher changing rates of cognition and frailty were observed among all-cause decedents compared to CVD and non-CVD decedents over a 45-year span (aged 65–110) before death.

Discussion and Implications
Our study suggested that subjects with the worst cognitive decline and severest physical frailty progression were at the highest risk for all-cause and cause-specific mortality. Our findings expand the limited prior knowledge on the dynamic course of cognition and frailty.
Active deformation in the Makran region using geological, geodetic and stress direction data sets
Authors: Ghadimi Homa , Khodaverdian Alireza , Zafarani Hamid 
Published: October 2023

SUMMARY
Neotectonic flow of the Makran subduction zone is estimated using a kinematic modelling technique based on iterated weighted least-squares that fits to all kinematic data from both geological and geophysical sources. The kinematic data set includes 87 geodetic velocities, 1962 principal stress directions, 90 fault traces, 56 geological heave rates and velocity boundary conditions. Low seismicity of western Makran compared to its eastern part, may indicate that either the subduction interface is currently locked, accumulating elastic strain or aseismic slip (creep) occurs along this part of the plate boundary. Therefore, we define two different models to evaluate the possibility of creep in the western Makran. Models define a locked subduction zone versus a steady creeping subduction for the western Makran. The locking depth of the subducting fault is also investigated, and a locking between 14 and 40–45 km depth provided the best consistency with geodetic observations. The 2 kinematic models provide long-term fault slip rates. The models estimated the shortening rate of 16.6–22.5 mm yr−1 and the strike-slip movement of 0.2–6.0 mm yr−1 for six segments along the subduction fault. The steady creeping subduction model predicts a 1–2 mm yr−1 lower shortening rate than the locked model for the Makran subduction fault (MSF). To verify the results, the estimated fault slip rates are compared to slip rates based on the geodetical and geological studies, which have not been used as model inputs. Our estimated rates fall within the range of geodetic rates and are even more consistent with geological rates than previous GPS-based estimates. In addition, the model provides the long-term velocity, and distributed permanent strain rates in the region. Based on the SHIFT hypotheses, long-term seismicity rates are computed for both models based on the estimated strain rate. These maps were compared with seismic catalogues. The estimated seismicity rate for the western part of Makran from the creeping subduction model is more compatible with the observation. The results of two deformation models lead us to a coupling ratio of ∼0.1 for the western MSF.
Tn antigen interactions of macrophage galactose-type lectin (MGL) in immune function and disease
Authors: Tumoglu Berna , Keelaghan Aidan , Avci Fikri Y 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Protein-carbohydrate interactions are essential in maintaining immune homeostasis and orchestrating inflammatory and regulatory immune processes. This review elucidates the immune interactions of macrophage galactose-type lectin (MGL, CD301) and Tn carbohydrate antigen. MGL is a C-type lectin receptor (CLR) primarily expressed by myeloid cells such as macrophages and immature dendritic cells. MGL recognizes terminal O-linked N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) residue on the surface proteins, also known as Tn antigen (Tn). Tn is a truncated form of the elongated cell surface O-glycan. The hypoglycosylation leading to Tn may occur when the enzyme responsible for O-glycan elongation—T-synthase—or its associated chaperone—Cosmc—becomes functionally inhibited. As reviewed here, Tn expression is observed in many different neoplastic and non-neoplastic diseases, and the recognition of Tn by MGL plays an important role in regulating effector T cells, immune suppression, and the recognition of pathogens.
Growing administrative complexity in the 340B program and the rise of third-party administrators
Authors: Nikpay Sayeh , Halvorson Lucas 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The 1992 340B drug discount program lowers drug costs and provides a source of revenue for safety-net providers by entitling them to discounts on drugs for all patients, including those with insurance. As 340B has grown so has the administrative complexity of the program, creating a market for third-party administrators (TPAs) to manage both formal and informal requirements in exchange for fees. Although TPAs are playing an important role in the 340B ecosystem, the TPA market is poorly understood, along several dimensions including its size, specialization, competitiveness, and scope of services offered. In this brief report, we report the results of original market research on TPA firms to address unanswered questions and identify gaps in knowledge. We identify 48 TPA firms, including 8 owned by private equity firms, 2 owned by software companies, and 6 owned by a variety of vertically integrated health care stakeholders such as pharmacies, pharmaceutical benefit managers, and pharmaceutical wholesalers. We identified 7 services offered by TPAs including patient discount cards (13), enrollment (31), auditing (45), revenue capture (42), referral management (9), inventory management (19), and 340B ESP assistance (9). Our results suggest that TPAs are involved in many diverse functions related to 340B.