bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Treatment with trastuzumab deruxtecan in patients with HER2-positive breast cancer and brain metastases and/or leptomeningeal disease (ROSET-BM)
Authors: Niikura Naoki , Yamanaka Takashi , Nomura Hironori , Shiraishi Kazuhiro , Kusama Hiroki , Yamamoto Mitsugu , Matsuura Kazuo , Inoue Kenichi , Takahara Sachiko , Kita Shosuke , Yamaguchi Miki , Aruga Tomoyuki , Shibata Nobuhiro , Shimomura Akihiko , Ozaki Yuri , Sakai Shuji , Kiga Yoko , Izutani Tadahiro , Shiosakai Kazuhito , Tsurutani Junji 
Published: October 2023

AbstractTherapeutic options for breast cancer patients with brain metastases (BM)/leptomeningeal carcinomatosis (LMC) are limited. Here, we report on the effectiveness and safety of trastuzumab deruxtecan (T-DXd) in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive breast cancer patients with BM. Data were analyzed for 104 patients administered T-DXd. Overall response rate (ORR), progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), intracranial (IC)-ORR, and IC-PFS were evaluated. ORR by investigator assessment was 55.7% (total population). Median PFS was 16.1 months; 12-month OS rate was 74.9% (total population). Median time-to-treatment failure was 9.7 months. In 51 patients with BM imaging, IC-ORR and median IC-PFS by independent central review were 62.7% and 16.1 months, respectively. In 19 LMC patients, 12-month PFS and OS rates were 60.7% and 87.1%, respectively. T-DXd showed effectiveness regarding IC-ORR, IC-PFS, PFS, and OS in breast cancer patients with BM/active BM, and sustained systemic and central nervous system disease control in LMC patients.Trial Registration: UMIN000044995.
High-fidelity parallel entangling gates on a neutral-atom quantum computer
Authors: Evered Simon J. , Bluvstein Dolev , Kalinowski Marcin , Ebadi Sepehr , Manovitz Tom , Zhou Hengyun , Li Sophie H. , Geim Alexandra A. , Wang Tout T. , Maskara Nishad , Levine Harry , Semeghini Giulia , Greiner Markus , Vuletić Vladan , Lukin Mikhail D. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe ability to perform entangling quantum operations with low error rates in a scalable fashion is a central element of useful quantum information processing1. Neutral-atom arrays have recently emerged as a promising quantum computing platform, featuring coherent control over hundreds of qubits2,3and any-to-any gate connectivity in a flexible, dynamically reconfigurable architecture4. The main outstanding challenge has been to reduce errors in entangling operations mediated through Rydberg interactions5. Here we report the realization of two-qubit entangling gates with 99.5% fidelity on up to 60 atoms in parallel, surpassing the surface-code threshold for error correction6,7. Our method uses fast, single-pulse gates based on optimal control8, atomic dark states to reduce scattering9and improvements to Rydberg excitation and atom cooling. We benchmark fidelity using several methods based on repeated gate applications10,11, characterize the physical error sources and outline future improvements. Finally, we generalize our method to design entangling gates involving a higher number of qubits, which we demonstrate by realizing low-error three-qubit gates12,13. By enabling high-fidelity operation in a scalable, highly connected system, these advances lay the groundwork for large-scale implementation of quantum algorithms14, error-corrected circuits7and digital simulations15.
State estimation of a physical system with unknown governing equations
Authors: Course Kevin , Nair Prasanth B. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractState estimation is concerned with reconciling noisy observations of a physical system with the mathematical model believed to predict its behaviour for the purpose of inferring unmeasurable states and denoising measurable ones1,2. Traditional state-estimation techniques rely on strong assumptions about the form of uncertainty in mathematical models, typically that it manifests as an additive stochastic perturbation or is parametric in nature3. Here we present a reparametrization trick for stochastic variational inference with Markov Gaussian processes that enables an approximate Bayesian approach for state estimation in which the equations governing how the system evolves over time are partially or completely unknown. In contrast to classical state-estimation techniques, our method learns the missing terms in the mathematical model and a state estimate simultaneously from an approximate Bayesian perspective. This development enables the application of state-estimation methods to problems that have so far proved to be beyond reach. Finally, although we focus on state estimation, the advancements to stochastic variational inference made here are applicable to a broader class of problems in machine learning.
Design and testing of a humanized porcine donor for xenotransplantation
Authors: Anand Ranjith P. , Layer Jacob V. , Heja David , Hirose Takayuki , Lassiter Grace , Firl Daniel J. , Paragas Violette B. , Akkad Adam , Chhangawala Sagar , Colvin Robert B. , Ernst Russell J. , Esch Nicholas , Getchell Kristen , Griffin Alexandra K. , Guo Xiaoyun , Hall Katherine C. , Hamilton Paula , Kalekar Lokesh A. , Kan Yinan , Karadagi Ahmad , Li Feng , Low Susan C. , Matheson Rudy , Nehring Claudia , Otsuka Ryo , Pandelakis Matthew , Policastro Robert A. , Pols Rebecca , Queiroz Luis , Rosales Ivy A. , Serkin William T. , Stiede Kathryn , Tomosugi Toshihide , Xue Yongqiang , Zentner Gabriel E. , Angeles-Albores David , Chris Chao J. , Crabtree Juliet N. , Harken Sierra , Hinkle Nicole , Lemos Tania , Li Mailin , Pantano Lorena , Stevens Denise , Subedar Omar D. , Tan Xiaoqing , Yin Shiyi , Anwar Imran J. , Aufhauser David , Capuano Saverio , Kaufman Dixon B. , Knechtle Stuart J. , Kwun Jean , Shanmuganayagam Dhanansayan , Markmann James F. , Church George M. , Curtis Mike , Kawai Tatsuo , Youd Michele E. , Qin Wenning 
Published: October 2023

AbstractRecent human decedent model studies1,2 and compassionate xenograft use3 have explored the promise of porcine organs for human transplantation. To proceed to human studies, a clinically ready porcine donor must be engineered and its xenograft successfully tested in nonhuman primates. Here we describe the design, creation and long-term life-supporting function of kidney grafts from a genetically engineered porcine donor transplanted into a cynomolgus monkey model. The porcine donor was engineered to carry 69 genomic edits, eliminating glycan antigens, overexpressing human transgenes and inactivating porcine endogenous retroviruses. In vitro functional analyses showed that the edited kidney endothelial cells modulated inflammation to an extent that was indistinguishable from that of human endothelial cells, suggesting that these edited cells acquired a high level of human immune compatibility. When transplanted into cynomolgus monkeys, the kidneys with three glycan antigen knockouts alone experienced poor graft survival, whereas those with glycan antigen knockouts and human transgene expression demonstrated significantly longer survival time, suggesting the benefit of human transgene expression in vivo. These results show that preclinical studies of renal xenotransplantation could be successfully conducted in nonhuman primates and bring us closer to clinical trials of genetically engineered porcine renal grafts.
Learning from prepandemic data to forecast viral escape
Authors: Thadani Nicole N. , Gurev Sarah , Notin Pascal , Youssef Noor , Rollins Nathan J. , Ritter Daniel , Sander Chris , Gal Yarin , Marks Debora S. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractEffective pandemic preparedness relies on anticipating viral mutations that are able to evade host immune responses to facilitate vaccine and therapeutic design. However, current strategies for viral evolution prediction are not available early in a pandemic—experimental approaches require host polyclonal antibodies to test against1–16, and existing computational methods draw heavily from current strain prevalence to make reliable predictions of variants of concern17–19. To address this, we developed EVEscape, a generalizable modular framework that combines fitness predictions from a deep learning model of historical sequences with biophysical and structural information. EVEscape quantifies the viral escape potential of mutations at scale and has the advantage of being applicable before surveillance sequencing, experimental scans or three-dimensional structures of antibody complexes are available. We demonstrate that EVEscape, trained on sequences available before 2020, is as accurate as high-throughput experimental scans at anticipating pandemic variation for SARS-CoV-2 and is generalizable to other viruses including influenza, HIV and understudied viruses with pandemic potential such as Lassa and Nipah. We provide continually revised escape scores for all current strains of SARS-CoV-2 and predict probable further mutations to forecast emerging strains as a tool for continuing vaccine development (evescape.org).
Force prediction in the cylindrical grip for a model of hand prosthesis
Authors: Drelich Ewelina , Tracz Jan , Cisowski Adam , Kowalik Michał , Figurski Aleksy , Kwacz Monika , Rządkowski Witold 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to present an analytical method of calculating forces acting on the thumb, index, middle finger, and metacarpal part of a hand prosthesis in a cylindrical grip. This prehension pattern represents a common operation of grabbing and manipulating everyday life objects. The design process assumed that such a prosthesis would have 5 fully operating fingers and 18 total degrees of freedom: three for each finger including the thumb, and another three for the wrist. The assumed load was 1 kg and the diameter equaled 70 mm, representing a water bottle. The method was based on analytical mechanics and as opposed to experiments or numerical methods does not require many resources. The calculations involved solving a system with seven unknown forces using an equilibrium equation for forces and moments in all three axes. The resulting equations were presented in a matrix form and solved using MATLAB software. The validation of the method with an experiment using FSR sensors and comparing it to other reports showed differences in index and middle finger involvement. However, the total sum of forces was similar, therefore it is reasoned that the grip can be performed and the prediction was accurate for the thumb and metacarpal. When using the model, the friction coefficient must be chosen with a safe margin as it influences the grip force. The presented method can be used for other models and designs by inserting their dimensions into the equations and solving them numerically to obtain forces useful in mechatronics design.
Phytochemical analysis and insight into insecticidal and antifungal activities of Indian hawthorn leaf extract
Authors: Khamis Wael M. , Behiry Said I. , Marey Samy A. , Al-Askar Abdulaziz A. , Amer Ghoname , Heflish Ahmed A. , Su Yiming , Abdelkhalek Ahmed , Gaber Mohamed K. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractFungicides or insecticides are popular means of controlling a variety of pathogens and insect pests; however, they can cause harmful effects on both human health and the environment. Different researchers have suggested using plant extracts, which have shown promise in managing fungi and insects. The purpose of this investigation was to explore the antifungal activities of an acetone extract made from the leaves of Indian Hawthorn (HAL) against phytopathogens that are known to harm maize crops,Fusarium verticillioides(OQ820154) andRhizoctonia solani(OQ820155), and to evaluate the insecticidal property againstAphis gossypiiGlover aphid. The HAL extract demonstrated significant antifungal activity against the two fungal pathogens tested, especially at the high dose of 2000 µg/mL. Laboratory tests on the LC20of HAL extract (61.08 mg/L) versus buprofezin 25% WP (0.0051 mg/L) were achieved onA. gossypiiGlover. HAL extract diminished the nymph's production over 72 h and their total reproductive rate. This extract was like buprofezin 25% WP in decreasing the daily reproductive rate, reproductive period, and mean survival percentage. Nevertheless, the newly-born nymphs of treated females with HAL extract attained the highest reduction in survival percentage at 46.00%. Equalized prolongations on the longevity of nymphs to 9.33, 8.33, and 7 days and the total life cycle to 15.00, 14.00, and 12.67 days were realized by HAL extract, buprofezin 25% WP, and the control, respectively. The olfactory choice test on the aphids showed the minimum attraction rate to HAL extract. The HPLC of HAL extract comprised an abundance of phenolic compounds (ferulic acid, gallic acid, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, salicylic acid, ellagic acid, and pyrogallol), and the concentrations of these compounds vary widely, with salicylic acid being the most concentrated at 25.14 mg/mL. Among the flavonoids, epicatechin has the highest concentration at 11.69 mg/mL. The HAL extract GC–MS consists of various organic compounds, including sesquiterpenes, cyclopropenes, fatty acids, steroids, alcohols, ketones, esters, bufadienolides, opioids, and other organic compounds. The most abundant compounds in the sample aren-hexadecanoic acid (12.17%), followed by 5α, 7αH, 10α-eudesm-11-en-1α-ol (9.43%), and cis-13-octadecenoic acid (5.87%). Based on the findings, it can be inferred that the HAL extract may be a viable option for plants to combat both fungal and insect infestations. This presents an encouraging prospect for utilizing a natural and sustainable approach toward long-term pest management in plants.
Birefringence-derived artifact in optical coherence tomography imaging of the lamina cribrosa in eyes with glaucoma
Authors: Miura Masahiro , Makita Shuichi , Yasuno Yoshiaki , Nakagawa Hayate , Azuma Shinnosuke , Mino Toshihiro , Miki Atsuya 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWe investigated birefringence-derived artifacts that potentially mimic focal defects of the lamina cribrosa (focal LC defects) in optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging of eyes with glaucoma. This study included 74 eyes of 48 patients with glaucoma. Five horizontal line B-scan images of the optic disc were obtained using commercial swept-source OCT. From a dataset of prototype swept-source polarization-diversity OCT, we calculated the following types of OCT images: polarization-dependent, polarization-dependent attenuation-coefficient, polarization-independent, and polarization-independent attenuation-coefficient. We assessed the commercial OCT images for the presence of birefringence-derived artifacts by comparison with the polarization-diversity OCT images. Commercial OCT showed suggestive findings of focal LC defects in 17 of 74 eyes. Reevaluation using polarization-independent OCT revealed that the focal LC defects in one of 17 eyes (5.9%) were actually birefringence-derived artifacts. This study demonstrated the existence of birefringence-derived artifacts mimicking focal LC defects in commercial OCT imaging and indicated that polarization-diversity OCT is an effective tool to evaluate the presence of these artifacts.
Larvicidal potential, toxicological assessment, and molecular docking studies of four Egyptian bacterial strains against Culex pipiens L. (Diptera: Culicidae)
Authors: Mansour Tokaa , Radwan Wafaa H. , Mansour Menna , Gomaa Mohamed , Farouk Farouk , Shepl Mohamed , Soliman Ahmed G. , Abd-Elhalim Basma T. , El-Senosy Mohamed M. K. , Bakry Ashraf , Ebeed Naglaa M. , Alsenosy Neima K. , Elhariry Hesham , Galal Ahmed , El-Sayed Salwa M. , Adly Eslam , Abu-Hussien Samah H. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMosquito control in Egypt depends on applying chemical synthetic pesticides that impact negatively on human health and the environment as well as the development of antibiotic and chemical resistance. This study aims to control the 3rd and 4th instars of Culex pipiens larvae using four bacterial strains. According to Phenotypic and molecular identification, the four isolates were identified as Bacillus subtilis MICUL D2023, Serratia marcescens MICUL A2023, Streptomyces albus LARVICID, and Pseudomonas fluorescens MICUL B2023. All strains were deposited in GenBank under accession numbers OQ764791, OQ729954, OQ726575, and OQ891356, respectively. Larvicidal activity of all microbial strain metabolites against a field strain of C. pipiens explored low LC50 results and reached its lowest values on the 3rd day with values of 6.40%, 38.4%, and 46.33% for P. fluorescens, S. albus, and S. marcescens, respectively. In addition, metabolites of P. fluorescence were more toxic than those of S. albus, followed by S. marcescens. B. subtilis shows no larvicidal effect on both field and lab mosquito strains. Microscopic alterations of 3rd and 4th instars showed toxic effects on different body parts (thorax, midgut, and anal gills), including losing external hairs, abdominal breakage, and larvae shrinkage, as well as different histological malformations in the digestive tract, midgut, and cortex. GC–MS analysis detected 51, 30, and 32 different active compounds from S. albus, S. marcescens, and P. fluorescens, respectively. GC detected 1, 2-BENZEA2:A52NEDICARBOXYLIC ACID, 2-Cyclohexene-1-carboxylic-acid-5-2-butenyl-methyl ester, and 3 octadecahydro2R3S4Z9Z-11R-12S from S. albus, S. marcesens, and P. fluorescens, respectively. Total protein, Total carbohydrate, and Acetylcholine esterase activity indicated significantly low levels on the 3rd day. All strain metabolites were safe against HSF cell lines. The docking results confirmed the role of the produced metabolites as larvicidal agents and Acetylcholine esterase inhibition. Such a problem need more studies on applying more and more natural pesticides.
Effect of hyperthermia on intestinal microecology, immune function, and progression-free survival in patients with advanced unresectable lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Tian Jin , Long Lin , Zang Jianhua , Liu Wei , Liu Peng , Zhao Lili , Liang Xin , Xiao Jun 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis study aims to investigate the effects of hyperthermia on intestinal microecology, immune function, and progression-free survival of patients with advanced unresectable lung adenocarcinoma. A total of twenty patients with lung adenocarcinoma in the study group received the advanced standard first-line treatment protocol, which included pemetrexed + cisplatin combined with sintilimab immunotherapy and hyperthermia. Additionally, twenty patients with lung adenocarcinoma in the control group received the advanced standard first-line treatment protocol, which included pemetrexed + cisplatin combined with sintilimab immunotherapy. The T-lymphocyte subpopulation and CD4/CD8 cell ratio of each sample were detected using flow cytometry. The intestinal flora was evaluated using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The study observed the changes in the abundance, distribution, composition, and structure of fecal gut microorganisms before and after the treatment in both groups of patients. Significant differences were observed in the intestinal flora between the two groups. The patients in the study group showed improved immunity after treatment, whereas there was no significant change in the immunity of the control group before and after treatment. However, the difference in progression-free survival between the two groups was not statistically significant. Hyperthermia has a significant impact on improving the microecology of intestinal flora and the immunity of patients, but it does not have a significant effect on prolonging the progression-free survival of patients.
A novel noble metal stent coating reduces in vitro platelet activation and acute in vivo thrombosis formation: a blinded study
Authors: Sandell Mikael , Ericsson Anna , Al-Saadi Jonathan , Södervall Billy , Södergren Erika , Grass Stefan , Sanchez Javier , Holmin Staffan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractInherent to any stenting procedure is the prescription of dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) to reduce the platelet response. Clinical guidelines recommend 6–12 months of DAPT, depending on stent type, clinical picture and patient factors. Our hypothesis is that a nanostructured noble metal coating has the potential to reduce protein deposition and platelet activation. These effects would reduce subsequent thrombo-inflammatory reactions, potentially mitigating the need for an extensive DAPT in the acute phase. Here, a noble metal nanostructure coating on stents is investigated. Twelve pigs underwent endovascular implantation of coated and non-coated stents for paired comparisons in a blinded study design. The non-coated control stent was placed at the contralateral corresponding artery. Volumetric analysis of angiographic data, performed by a treatment blinded assessor, demonstrated a significant thrombus reduction for one of the coatings compared to control. This effect was already seen one hour after implantation. This finding was supported by in vitro data showing a significant reduction of coagulation activation in the coated group. This novel coating shows promise as an implant material addition and could potentially decrease the need for DAPT in the early phases of stent implementation.
Mapping canopy traits over Québec using airborne and spaceborne imaging spectroscopy
Authors: Miraglio Thomas , Coops Nicholas C. , Wallis Christine I. B. , Crofts Anna L. , Kalacska Margaret , Vellend Mark , Serbin Shawn P. , Arroyo-Mora Juan Pablo , Laliberté Etienne 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe advent of new spaceborne imaging spectrometers offers new opportunities for ecologists to map vegetation traits at global scales. However, to date most imaging spectroscopy studies exploiting satellite spectrometers have been constrained to the landscape scale. In this paper we present a new method to map vegetation traits at the landscape scale and upscale trait maps to the continental level, using historical spaceborne imaging spectroscopy (Hyperion) to derive estimates of leaf mass per area, nitrogen, and carbon concentrations of forests in Québec, Canada. We compare estimates for each species with reference field values and obtain good agreement both at the landscape and continental scales, with patterns consistent with the leaf economic spectrum. By exploiting the Hyperion satellite archive to map these traits and successfully upscale the estimates to the continental scale, we demonstrate the great potential of recent and upcoming spaceborne spectrometers to benefit plant biodiversity monitoring and conservation efforts.