bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rapid detection of common Chinese glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) mutations by microarray‐based assay
Authors: Bang‐Ce Ye , Hongqiong Liu , Zhensong Lei 
Published: July 2004

AbstractGlucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is the most common human enzymopathy, affecting more than 200 million people worldwide. To date more than 123 mutations in the G6PD gene have been discovered, among which 12 point mutations are found in the Chinese. Setting up a simple and accurate method for detecting these mutations is not only useful for diagnosing G6PD deficiency under some circumstances that it is difficult to measure the activity of the enzyme, but also for studying the frequency of the G6PD genotypes. The purpose of this study was to develop a simple, inexpensive and accurate method for detecting these common mutations. Microarray‐based assay was described in this study. Samples from 198 G6PD‐deficient persons were investigated. The DNA sequencing data supported the results obtained by microarray‐based assay. Thus, we concluded that the microarray‐based assay is a rapid, simple, inexpensive, and accurate method for detecting the most common G6PD gene mutations among the Chinese. This method involves the selective amplification of human G6PD gene with specific oligonucleotide primers, fragmentation and labeling of PCR products, followed by hybridization with allele‐specific oligonucleotide (ASO) probes on chip. Am. J. Hematol. 76:405–412, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Use of dimensionless residence time to study variations in breakthrough behaviour in expanded beds formed from varied particle size distributions
Authors: Gardner P.J. , Willoughby N. , Hjorth R. , Lacki K. , Titchener‐Hooker N.J. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractThis work demonstrates an experimental method for studying breakthrough behaviour in expanded beds. The behaviour of beds made with differently sized particles were studied at varying flowrates. The use of a dimensionless residence time measurement allowed a more valid comparison of breakthrough characteristics in expanded bed operation by compensating for the changes in bed volume that occur during expansion. We demonstrate that bed breakthrough behaviour can be compared directly even when the beds contain different‐sized particles and hence have different expanded volumes. By utilising this concept we demonstrate that, in the case of the Alcohol Dehydrogenase (ADH) / STREAMLINE Phenyl system used here, there was little or no variation in ADH breakthrough behaviour between beds of differently sized particles operating at flowrates above 100 cm/h. This suggests that the higher specific surface area and hence binding capacity of smaller particles is negated in this case due to mass transfer limitations and the increase in system void volume even at normal operating flowrates of 200–300 cm/h. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Purification of antibody and antibody‐fragment from E. coli homogenate using 6,9‐diamino‐2‐ethoxyacridine lactate as precipitation agent
Authors: Persson Josefine , Lester Philip 
Published: July 2004

AbstractTo obtain a more efficient purification process for antibody fragments from an Escherichia coli homogenate, the precipitant, Ethodin (6,9‐diamino‐2‐ethoxyacridine lactate) was introduced to the homogenate. By adding the precipitant a drastic reduction of host cell protein was obtained. The majority of the proteins were recovered in a precipitate with the cell debris, while the antibody or antibody‐fragment was recovered in the clarified supernatant. In addition, DNA was also efficiently precipitated when using Ethodin as a precipitation agent. The improved purity of the clarified extract obtained by using the precipitant allows for the use of smaller chromatography columns and may reduce the number of chromatographic steps required in the recovery process. The effect of Ethodin concentration, pH, temperature, and conductivity were investigated. The investigation was performed on two different antibody‐fragments, e.g., F(ab′)2 molecules and a full‐length antibody produced in E. coli. The two F(ab′)2 proteins were F(ab′)2A and F(ab′)2B, which have a similar molecular mass (100 kDa) but different isoelectric points (pIs), i.e., 8.9 and 7.5, respectively. The full‐length antibody, Ab (the full IgG form of F(ab′)2B) has a pI of 7.8 and molecular mass of 150 kDa. The investigation showed that the highest purification factors were obtained at neutral pH, low conductivity, and Ethodin concentrations of 0.6%. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Rapid high‐performance liquid chromatographic measurement of buspirone in human plasma after overdose
Authors: Péhourcq F. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractFor toxicological purposes, a rapid reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatographic method was developed for the determination of the anxiolytic drug, buspirone, in human plasma. A liquid–liquid procedure was used to extract this compound from plasma in the presence of an internal standard, quinupramine. The analysis was performed on a Spherisorb® S5 C8 analytical column with UV detection at 240 nm. No endogenous compounds were found to interfere. A linear response was observed over the concentration range 5–100 ng/mL. A good accuracy (bias ≤7.9%) was achieved for all quality controls, with intra‐day and inter‐day variation coefﬁcients equal or less than 7.6%. The limit of quantiﬁcation was 5 ng/mL. Stability of buspirone in plasma stored at different temperatures was checked. This rapid method (run time <12 min) was used to manage an acute poisoning involving buspirone. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Simultaneous determination of zidovudine and lamivudine from rat plasma, amniotic ﬂuid and tissues by HPLC
Authors: Alnouti Yazen , White Catherine A. , Bartlett Michael G. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractA sensitive HPLC method has been developed and validated for the simultaneous quantiﬁcation of zidovudine (AZT) and lamivudine (3TC) in rat plasma, amniotic ﬂuid and placental and fetal tissues. Samples were processed by solid‐phase extraction using C2 cartridges. Chromatography was performed using a phenyl column (5 µm, 150 × 2 mm i.d.) under a ﬂow rate of 0.2 mL/min. The mobile phase consisted of 8% acetonitrile in 5 mm 1‐heptane sulfonic acid dissolved in 30 mm ammonium formate buffer (pH 3.3). The method was validated in the range 0.25–50 µg/mL for both 3TC and AZT in the four biological matrices. Finally, the method was applied to a study involving fetal transport of co‐administration of these compounds in a pregnant rat. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hair analysis of nicotine and cotinine for evaluating tobacco smoke exposure by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry
Authors: Chetiyanukornkul Thaneeya , Toriba Akira , Kizu Ryoichi , Kimura Kazuko , Hayakawa Kazuichi 
Published: July 2004

AbstractA simple liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (LC‐ESI‐MS) method for the determination of nicotine and cotinine in human hair was established. In the procedure, a hair sample (10 mg) was washed with dichloromethane and digested in 2.5 m sodium hydroxide. The digest was extracted with dichloromethane and then 25 mm hydrochloric acid in methanol was added to the extract, to prevent loss of analytes. The solution was evaporated and redissolved in the mobile phase, methanol/10 mm ammonium acetate (30/70, v/v). A 20 µL aliquot of redissolved solution was subjected to analysis. Nicotine and cotinine in human hair were quantiﬁed by using deuterated analytes as internal standards. The quantiﬁcation limits were 8 µg/L for nicotine and 0.9 µg/L for cotinine. The proposed method was applied to measure the concentrations of nicotine and cotinine in hair of smokers and non‐smokers to evaluate their self‐reported smoking and exposure to environmental tobacco smoke. In both cases, the method provided good selectivity, accuracy and precision. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
HPLC identiﬁcation of oversulphated chondroitin as the major glycosaminoglycan of human tonsils
Authors: Triantaphyllidou I. E. , Mastronikolis N. S. , Papadas Th. A. , Vynios D. H. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractThe glycosaminoglycans of human nasopharyngeal and palatine tonsils, obtained after surgical dissection due to tonsillitis, were isolated and characterized by means of enzyme susceptibility and HPLC. Chondroitin/dermatan sulphate were the major glycosaminoglycans identiﬁed. A large proportion of this glycosaminoglycan was made up of oversulphated structures, namely ΔDi‐di(4,6)S, which were found mainly in invertebrate tissues and in mast cells. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An automated analyzer for vancomycin in plasma samples by column‐switching high‐performance liquid chromatography with UV detection
Authors: Saito Mitsue , Santa Tomofumi , Tsunoda Makoto , Hamamoto Hiroshi , Usui Noriko 
Published: July 2004

AbstractAn automated analyzer for vancomycin in rat plasma by column‐switching high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with UV detection was developed. The method includes in‐line extraction of vancomycin by ion‐exchange cartridge column and a separation on a reversed‐phase column with UV detection at 215 nm. Plasma samples were diluted by mobile phase solution and directly injected to HPLC. Vancomycin was quantitatively recovered from rat plasma samples. The separation was completed within 15 min. The calibration curve was linear over the range from 0.5 to 100 µg/mL with the detection and quantiﬁcation limits of 0.5 µg/mL (2.5 ng on column; signal‐to‐noise ratio = 3). The values of precision in intra‐ and inter‐day assays (n = 3) were less than 1.92 and 3.69%, respectively. This method does not require time‐consuming pre‐treatment and is suitable for the routine assay of plasma samples. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Challenges in implementing evidence‐based treatment practices for co‐occurring disorders in the criminal justice system
Authors: Chandler Redonna K. , Peters Roger H. , Field Gary , Juliano‐Bult Denise 
Published: July 2004

AbstractThe presence of adults with mental health and substance abuse disorders within the criminal justice system has become increasingly evident over the past decade. Interventions and treatment services have been designed and research conducted in an effort to establish evidence‐based practices that effectively address the complex needs of this population. However, adopting and implementing these evidence‐based interventions and practices within the real‐world setting of criminal justice environments is challenging. This article reviews the research literature related to evidence‐based treatment practices for offenders with co‐occurring mental health and substance abuse disorders and explores the inherent challenges of fitting these interventions and services within criminal justice settings. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modified TC for MICA offenders: crime outcomes
Authors: Sacks Stanley , Sacks JoAnn Y. , McKendrick Karen , Banks Steven , Stommel Joe 
Published: July 2004

AbstractThe study randomly assigned male inmates with co‐occurring serious mental illness and chemical abuse (MICA) disorders to either modified therapeutic community (MTC) or mental health (MH) treatment programs. On their release from prison, MICA inmates who completed the prison MTC program could enter the MTC aftercare program. The results, obtained from an intent‐to‐treat analysis of all study entries, showed that inmates randomized into the MTC group had significantly lower rates of reincarceration compared with those in the MH group. The results also show that differences between the MTC + aftercare and comparison group across a variety of crime outcomes (i.e. any criminal activity, and alcohol or drug related criminal activity) are consistent and significant, and persist after an examination of various threats to validity (e.g. initial motivation, duration of treatment, exposure to risk). This study provides some support for the effectiveness of the prison TC only condition. The findings are encouraging and consonant with other studies of integrated prison and aftercare TC programs for substance abusing non‐MICA offenders, although qualified by the possibility that selection bias (i.e. differences in motivation on entry into aftercare) may be operating. Nevertheless, given the available evidence and the need for effective programming for MICA offenders, program and policy makers should strongly consider developing integrated prison and aftercare modified TC programs for MICA offenders. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
One year return to custody rates among co‐disordered offenders
Authors: Messina Nena , Burdon William , Hagopian Garo , Prendergast Michael 
Published: July 2004

AbstractThe extent to which therapeutic community (TC) methods meet the treatment needs of offenders with substance abuse disorders and co‐occurring psychiatric disorders in prison is largely unknown. Very little research has been conducted with this population. The purposes of this study were to generate profiles of co‐disordered drug offenders entering TC treatment in prison and to assess their post‐release reincarceration rates, compared with drug offenders without psychiatric disorders. Extensive intake interview data for over 8,500 men and women who received treatment in one of 16 prison‐based TCs in California were analyzed to produce profiles of co‐disordered participants. Intake data come from a 5 year process and outcome evaluation of the California Department of Corrections' (CDC's) treatment initiative. Post‐release reincarceration rates come from the CDC's Offender Based Information System. Compared with non‐psychiatric disordered drug offenders, co‐disordered offenders had substantially more severe substance abuse and criminal histories, in addition to their psychiatric impairment, at treatment entry. Logistic regression results indicated that, compared with drug offenders without psychiatric illness, co‐disordered offenders were significantly more likely to be reincarcerated during the first year of their parole. These results suggest that prison treatment programs may need to use more comprehensive diagnostic assessments at intake to assess the diverse mental health needs of drug offenders with co‐occurring psychiatric disorders and to develop treatment approaches suitable for this population. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Antipsychotic medication adherence, cocaine use, and recidivism among a parolee sample
Authors: Farabee David , Shen Haikang 
Published: July 2004

AbstractThis study examined the independent and interactive associations between cocaine use and antipsychotic medication adherence in predicting 12 month criminal recidivism among a sample of mentally ill parolees (N = 200). Consistent with prior research, cocaine use (based on hair assays) was associated with more than a threefold increase (relative to non‐cocaine users) in the likelihood of a parolee being returned to custody during the follow‐up period. Although medication adherence (based on urine specimens) was not independently associated with a significant reduction in recidivism risk, the interaction between cocaine use and medication adherence was significant, revealing a disproportionate impact of medication adherence specific to cocaine users. Prediction models of recidivism based on self‐reported measures of medication adherence and cocaine use revealed only marginally significant trends for cocaine use, no effect for adherence, and no significant interaction between these two predictors. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Treatment retention of dually diagnosed offenders in an institutional therapeutic community
Authors: Van Stelle Kit R. , Blumer Craig , Moberg D. Paul 
Published: July 2004

AbstractThis study investigated treatment retention in an institutional therapeutic community (ITC) for dually diagnosed male inmates. Twenty‐five percent of admissions successfully completed the residential substance abuse treatment program. Graduates participated for an average of 9 months, while terminations participated for nearly 4 months. One‐third of the terminations participated for at least 3 months and 15% participated for 6 months or more. A striking result was the relationship between retention and risk ratings and psychopathy scores. Both measures assess behavior and interaction styles over a range of situations. The presence of a single type of negative behavior (i.e. the nature of the committing offense) did not predict completion, but a rating based on multiple samples of behavior was a significant predictor of retention. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dual diagnosis in an Australian forensic psychiatric hospital: prevalence and implications for services
Authors: Ogloff James R. P. , Lemphers Anthea , Dwyer Catherine 
Published: July 2004

AbstractDespite a growing awareness of the unique needs of psychiatric patients with co‐occurring substance abuse and dependence disorders (i.e. dual diagnosis), there is a dearth of research investigating the prevalence of dual diagnosis in forensic psychiatric populations. Similarly, little work has been done to determine the implications of dual diagnosis for forensic psychiatric patients. Patients at the Thomas Embling Hospital in Victoria, Australia, were assessed to determine the prevalence of substance abuse disorders and mental illnesses within this population. Results reveal that the majority of patients (approximately 74%) have a lifetime substance abuse or dependence disorder. Information was collected concerning patients' criminal histories and the Level of Service Inventory, Revised, was completed for each patient who participated. Results suggest that patients with both major mental illnesses and substance abuse disorders have more extensive criminal histories and demonstrate a higher level of risks and needs when compared with patients with major mental illness alone. The implications for the development and delivery of effective forensic mental health services that address both co‐occurring disorders are also discussed. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of diversion on adults with co‐occurring mental illness and substance use: outcomes from a national multi‐site study
Authors: Broner Nahama , Lattimore Pamela K. , Cowell Alexander J. , Schlenger William E. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractThis quasi‐experimental non‐equivalent comparison group study examines outcomes for participants in eight programs conducting criminal justice diversion for people with co‐occurring serious mental illness and substance use disorders compared with jail detainees eligible for diversion, but who were processed through standard criminal justice methods without diversion. Nearly 2000 participants were interviewed at baseline, and 1500 at 3 month and 1300 at 12 month follow‐up to baseline. In these interviews, outcome measures of re‐arrest, mental health functioning, substance abuse, quality of life, and service utilization were obtained. Those diverted were more likely to have received mental health counseling, mental health medication, and mental health hospitalization than those not enrolled in a diversion program, but were equally likely to have received substance abuse counseling. Overall, the differences in proportions receiving services between the two groups were small, even when these differences were statistically significant. The effect associated with diversion differed somewhat across the individual sites. However, overall cross‐site pooled analyses revealed no outcome differences between groups on measures of mental health symptoms, substance use, criminal justice recidivism, or quality of life. Although the immediate benefit of diversion as an access mechanism to community treatment is indicated in pooled cross‐site results, such access was driven by more coercive (pre‐booking and court) models and results suggest that effecting substantially greater access to services or services use did not occur. The findings also suggest that mental health, substance abuse, and criminal justice outcomes remain dependent on the treatment intervention received, perhaps moderated by type of diversion intervention, rather than on a generic and initial diversion event. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Web‐based interactive simulation of groundwater pollutant fate and transport
Authors: Valocchi Albert J. , Werth Charles J. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractA series of interactive web simulation models were developed to help students understand the coupled physical, chemical, and microbiological processes that affect the transport and fate of pollutants in groundwater. Conventional models that simulate coupled processes are often not effective learning tools because they are too complex, they suffer from cumbersome interfaces, and/or they are difficult to install and run. The web models are fully interactive Java applets that run locally through a web browser. They have graphical user interfaces, straightforward input and output fields, and rapid response times. These features enhance learning because students can rapidly visualize the impact of changes to parameter values and boundary and initial conditions, and explore the effect of different reaction processes. Presently, six different web models have been developed to explore coupled processes such as advection, longitudinal and transverse dispersion, linear or rate limited sorption, and first order decay. A web model was also developed to study the flow patterns caused by multiple pumping wells in two‐dimensional steady flow. Several examples of how the models can be used to teach students about coupled processes are discussed. Last, an assessment of the effectiveness of the models to enhance student learning is presented. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 12: 75–83, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com); DOI 10.1002/cae.20000
Strategies for the numerical integration of DAE systems in multibody dynamics
Authors: Pennestrì E. , Vita L. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractThe number of multibody dynamics courses offered in the university is increasing. Often the instructor has the necessity to go through the steps of an algorithm by working out a simple example. This gives the student a better understand of the basic theory. This paper provides a tutorial on the numerical integration of differential‐algebraic equations (DAE) arising from the dynamic modeling of multibody mechanical systems. In particular, some algorithms based on the orthogonalization of the Jacobian matrix are herein discussed. All the computational steps involved are explained in detail and by working out a simple example. It is also reported a brief description and an application of the multibody code NumDyn3D which uses the Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) approach. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 12: 106–116, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com); DOI 10.1002/cae.20005