bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lasting dynamic effects of the psychedelic 2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodoamphetamine ((±)-DOI) on cognitive flexibility
Authors: Šabanović Merima , Lazari Alberto , Blanco-Pozo Marta , Tisca Cristiana , Tachrount Mohamed , Martins-Bach Aurea B. , Lerch Jason P. , Walton Mark E. , Bannerman David M. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPsychedelic drugs can aid fast and lasting remission from various neuropsychiatric disorders, though the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Preclinical studies suggest serotonergic psychedelics enhance neuronal plasticity, but whether neuroplastic changes can also be seen at cognitive and behavioural levels is unexplored. Here we show that a single dose of the psychedelic 2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodoamphetamine ((±)-DOI) affects structural brain plasticity and cognitive flexibility in young adult mice beyond the acute drug experience. Using ex vivo magnetic resonance imaging, we show increased volumes of several sensory and association areas one day after systemic administration of 2 mgkg−1 (±)-DOI. We then demonstrate lasting effects of (±)-DOI on cognitive flexibility in a two-step probabilistic reversal learning task where 2 mgkg−1 (±)-DOI improved the rate of adaptation to a novel reversal in task structure occurring one-week post-treatment. Strikingly, (±)-DOI-treated mice started learning from reward omissions, a unique strategy not typically seen in mice in this task, suggesting heightened sensitivity to previously overlooked cues. Crucially, further experiments revealed that (±)-DOI’s effects on cognitive flexibility were contingent on the timing between drug treatment and the novel reversal, as well as on the nature of the intervening experience. (±)-DOI’s facilitation of both cognitive adaptation and novel thinking strategies may contribute to the clinical benefits of psychedelic-assisted therapy, particularly in cases of perseverative behaviours and a resistance to change seen in depression, anxiety, or addiction. Furthermore, our findings highlight the crucial role of time-dependent neuroplasticity and the influence of experiential factors in shaping the therapeutic potential of psychedelic interventions for impaired cognitive flexibility.
Brain connectivity changes to fast versus slow dopamine increases
Authors: Manza Peter , Tomasi Dardo , Vines Leah , Sotelo Diana , Yonga Michele-Vera , Wang Gene-Jack , Volkow Nora D. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe rewarding effects of stimulant drugs such as methylphenidate (MP) depend crucially on how fast they raise dopamine in the brain. Yet how the rate of drug-induced dopamine increases impacts brain network communication remains unresolved. We manipulated route of MP administration to generate fast versus slow dopamine increases. We hypothesized that fast versus slow dopamine increases would result in a differential pattern of global brain connectivity (GBC) in association with regional levels of dopamine D1 receptors, which are critical for drug reward. Twenty healthy adults received MP intravenously (0.5 mg/kg; fast dopamine increases) and orally (60 mg; slow dopamine increases) during simultaneous [11C]raclopride PET-fMRI scans (double-blind, placebo-controlled). We tested how GBC was temporally associated with slow and fast dopamine increases on a minute-to-minute basis. Connectivity patterns were strikingly different for slow versus fast dopamine increases, and whole-brain spatial patterns were negatively correlated with one another (rho = −0.54, pspin < 0.001). GBC showed “fast>slow” associations in dorsal prefrontal cortex, insula, posterior thalamus and brainstem, caudate and precuneus; and “slow>fast” associations in ventral striatum, orbitofrontal cortex, and frontopolar cortex (pFDR < 0.05). “Fast>slow” GBC patterns showed significant spatial correspondence with D1 receptor availability (estimated via normative maps of [11C]SCH23390 binding; rho = 0.22, pspin < 0.05). Further, hippocampal GBC to fast dopamine increases was significantly negatively correlated with self-reported ‘high’ ratings to intravenous MP across individuals (r(19) = −0.68, pbonferroni = 0.015). Different routes of MP administration produce divergent patterns of brain connectivity. Fast dopamine increases are uniquely associated with connectivity patterns that have relevance for the subjective experience of drug reward.
Incidence of prostate cancer in transgender women in the US: a large database analysis
Authors: Loria Matthew , Gilbert David , Tabernacki Tomasz , Maravillas Mart Andrew , McNamara Megan , Gupta Shubham , Mishra Kirtishri 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The risk of prostate cancer among transgender women undergoing medical and surgical gender-affirming interventions remains unclear, though up to a fivefold decreased risk has been reported in comparison to cisgender men. In this study, we conducted a comparative analysis of the risk of prostate cancer among transgender women (TW) using data from TriNetX, a large database, versus SEER. Our findings indicate that, overall, transgender women exhibited a 2.56-fold lower risk of prostate cancer compared to cisgender men. Specifically, among TW on hormone therapy between ages 50–64, we observed a 2.06-fold decrease in risk. Contrary to the previous perception of prostate cancer being rare in transgender women, our study suggests that it may not be as uncommon as previously believed.
DNA framework signal amplification platform-based high-throughput systemic immune monitoring
Authors: Chen Ye , Chen Xingyu , Zhang Bowen , Zhang Yuxin , Li Songhang , Liu Zhiqiang , Gao Yang , Zhao Yuxuan , Yan Lin , Li Yi , Tian Taoran , Lin Yunfeng 
Published: February 2024

AbstractSystemic immune monitoring is a crucial clinical tool for disease early diagnosis, prognosis and treatment planning by quantitative analysis of immune cells. However, conventional immune monitoring using flow cytometry faces huge challenges in large-scale sample testing, especially in mass health screenings, because of time-consuming, technical-sensitive and high-cost features. However, the lack of high-performance detection platforms hinders the development of high-throughput immune monitoring technology. To address this bottleneck, we constructed a generally applicable DNA framework signal amplification platform (DSAP) based on post-systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment and DNA tetrahedral framework-structured probe design to achieve high-sensitive detection for diverse immune cells, including CD4+, CD8+ T-lymphocytes, and monocytes (down to 1/100 μl). Based on this advanced detection platform, we present a novel high-throughput immune-cell phenotyping system, DSAP, achieving 30-min one-step immune-cell phenotyping without cell washing and subset analysis and showing comparable accuracy with flow cytometry while significantly reducing detection time and cost. As a proof-of-concept, DSAP demonstrates excellent diagnostic accuracy in immunodeficiency staging for 107 HIV patients (AUC > 0.97) within 30 min, which can be applied in HIV infection monitoring and screening. Therefore, we initially introduced promising DSAP to achieve high-throughput immune monitoring and open robust routes for point-of-care device development.
B cell-reactive triad of B cells, follicular helper and regulatory T cells at homeostasis
Authors: Lin Yihan , Wan Zurong , Liu Bo , Yao Jiacheng , Li Tianqi , Yang Fang , Sui Jianhua , Zhao Yongshan , Liu Wanli , Zhou Xuyu , Wang Jianbin , Qi Hai 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAutoreactive B cells are silenced through receptor editing, clonal deletion and anergy induction. Additional autoreactive B cells are ignorant because of physical segregation from their cognate autoantigen. Unexpectedly, we find that follicular B cell-derived autoantigen, including cell surface molecules such as FcγRIIB, is a class of homeostatic autoantigen that can induce spontaneous germinal centers (GCs) and B cell-reactive autoantibodies in non-autoimmune animals with intact T and B cell repertoires. These B cell-reactive B cells form GCs in a manner dependent on spontaneous follicular helper T (TFH) cells, which preferentially recognize B cell-derived autoantigen, and in a manner constrained by spontaneous follicular regulatory T (TFR) cells, which also carry specificities for B cell-derived autoantigen. B cell-reactive GC cells are continuously generated and, following immunization or infection, become intermixed with foreign antigen-induced GCs. Production of plasma cells and antibodies derived from B cell-reactive GC cells are markedly enhanced by viral infection, potentially increasing the chance for autoimmunity. Consequently, immune homeostasis in healthy animals not only involves classical tolerance of silencing and ignoring autoreactive B cells but also entails a reactive equilibrium attained by a spontaneous B cell-reactive triad of B cells, TFH cells and TFR cells.
Sight impairment registration in Trinidad: trend in causes and population coverage in comparison to the National Eye Survey of Trinidad and Tobago
Authors: Ramsewak Shivaa , Deomansingh Frank , Winford Blaine , Bartholomew Debra , Maharaj Vedatta , Fraser Amandi , Singh Deo , Suratt Kenneth , Tripathi Vrijesh , McNally Kevin , Sharma Subash , Bascaran Covadonga , Ramsewak Samuel S. , Bourne Rupert R. A. , Braithwaite Tasanee 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
Little was known about the population coverage and causes of sight impairment (SI) registration within the Caribbean, or the extent to which register studies offer insights into population eye health.

Methods
We compared causes of SI registration in the Trinidad and Tobago Blind Welfare Association (TTBWA) register with findings from the 2014 National Eye Survey of Trinidad and Tobago (NESTT), and estimated registration coverage. Cross-sectional validation studies of registered clients included interviews, visual function and cause ascertainment in July 2013, and interviews and visual function in July 2016.

Results
The TTBWA register included 863 people (all ages, 48.1%(n = 415) male) registered between 1951 and 2015. The NESTT identified 1.1%(75/7158) people aged ≥5years eligible for partial or severe SI registration, of whom 49.3%(n = 37) were male. Registration coverage was approximately 7% of the eligible population of Trinidad. Nevertheless, there was close agreement in the causes of SI comparing the register and population-representative survey. Glaucoma was the leading cause in both the register (26.1%,n = 225) and population-based survey (26.1%, 18/69 adults), followed by cataract and diabetic retinopathy. In the validation studies combined, 62.6%(93/151) clients had severe SI, 28.5%(43/151) had partial SI and 9.9%(15/151) did not meet SI eligibility criteria. SI was potentially avoidable in at least 58%(n = 36/62) adults and 50%(n = 7/14) children.

Conclusion
We report very low register coverage of the SI population, but close agreement in causes of SI to a contemporaneous national population-based eye survey, half of which resulted from preventable or treatable eye disease.
Antiviral fibrils of self-assembled peptides with tunable compositions
Authors: Dodd-o Joseph , Roy Abhishek , Siddiqui Zain , Jafari Roya , Coppola Francesco , Ramasamy Santhamani , Kolloli Afsal , Kumar Dilip , Kaundal Soni , Zhao Boyang , Kumar Ranjeet , Robang Alicia S. , Li Jeffrey , Azizogli Abdul-Rahman , Pai Varun , Acevedo-Jake Amanda , Heffernan Corey , Lucas Alexandra , McShan Andrew C. , Paravastu Anant K. , Prasad B. V. Venkataram , Subbian Selvakumar , Král Petr , Kumar Vivek 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe lasting threat of viral pandemics necessitates the development of tailorable first-response antivirals with specific but adaptive architectures for treatment of novel viral infections. Here, such an antiviral platform has been developed based on a mixture of hetero-peptides self-assembled into functionalized β-sheets capable of specific multivalent binding to viral protein complexes. One domain of each hetero-peptide is designed to specifically bind to certain viral proteins, while another domain self-assembles into fibrils with epitope binding characteristics determined by the types of peptides and their molar fractions. The self-assembled fibrils maintain enhanced binding to viral protein complexes and retain high resilience to viral mutations. This method is experimentally and computationally tested using short peptides that specifically bind to Spike proteins of SARS-CoV-2. This platform is efficacious, inexpensive, and stable with excellent tolerability.
Inhibitory medial zona incerta pathway drives exploratory behavior by inhibiting glutamatergic cuneiform neurons
Authors: Sharma Sandeep , Badenhorst Cecilia A. , Ashby Donovan M. , Di Vito Stephanie A. , Tran Michelle A. , Ghavasieh Zahra , Grewal Gurleen K. , Belway Cole R. , McGirr Alexander , Whelan Patrick J. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe cuneiform nucleus (CnF) regulates locomotor activity, which is canonically viewed as being primarily involved in initiating locomotion and regulating speed. Recent research shows greater context dependency in the locomotor functions of this nucleus. Glutamatergic neurons, which contain vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (vGLUT2), regulate context-dependent locomotor speed in the CnF and play a role in defensive behavior. Here, we identify projections from the medial zona incerta (mZI) to CnF vGLUT2 neurons that promote exploratory behavior. Using fiber photometry recordings in male mice, we find that mZI gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) neurons increase activity during periods of exploration. Activation of mZI GABAergic neurons is associated with reduced spiking of CnF neurons. Additionally, activating both retrogradely labeled mZI-CnF GABAergic projection neurons and their terminals in the CnF increase exploratory behavior. Inhibiting CnF vGLUT2 neuronal activity also increases exploratory behavior. These findings provide evidence for the context-dependent dynamic regulation of CnF vGLUT2 neurons, with the mZI-CnF circuit shaping exploratory behavior.
Interfacial magnetic spin Hall effect in van der Waals Fe3GeTe2/MoTe2 heterostructure
Authors: Dai Yudi , Xiong Junlin , Ge Yanfeng , Cheng Bin , Wang Lizheng , Wang Pengfei , Liu Zenglin , Yan Shengnan , Zhang Cuiwei , Xu Xianghan , Shi Youguo , Cheong Sang-Wook , Xiao Cong , Yang Shengyuan A. , Liang Shi-Jun , Miao Feng 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe spin Hall effect (SHE) allows efficient generation of spin polarization or spin current through charge current and plays a crucial role in the development of spintronics. While SHE typically occurs in non-magnetic materials and is time-reversal even, exploring time-reversal-odd (T-odd) SHE, which couples SHE to magnetization in ferromagnetic materials, offers a new charge-spin conversion mechanism with new functionalities. Here, we report the observation of giant T-odd SHE in Fe3GeTe2/MoTe2 van der Waals heterostructure, representing a previously unidentified interfacial magnetic spin Hall effect (interfacial-MSHE). Through rigorous symmetry analysis and theoretical calculations, we attribute the interfacial-MSHE to a symmetry-breaking induced spin current dipole at the vdW interface. Furthermore, we show that this linear effect can be used for implementing multiply-accumulate operations and binary convolutional neural networks with cascaded multi-terminal devices. Our findings uncover an interfacial T-odd charge-spin conversion mechanism with promising potential for energy-efficient in-memory computing.
Tuning the apparent hydrogen binding energy to achieve high-performance Ni-based hydrogen oxidation reaction catalyst
Authors: Wang Xingdong , Liu Xuerui , Fang Jinjie , Wang Houpeng , Liu Xianwei , Wang Haiyong , Chen Chengjin , Wang Yongsheng , Zhang Xuejiang , Zhu Wei , Zhuang Zhongbin 
Published: February 2024

AbstractHigh-performance platinum-group-metal-free alkaline hydrogen oxidation reaction catalysts are essential for the hydroxide exchange membrane fuel cells, which generally require high Pt loadings on the anode. Herein, we report a highly active hydrogen oxidation reaction catalyst, NiCuCr, indicated by the hydroxide exchange membrane fuel cell with a high peak power density of 577 mW cm−2 (18 times as high as the Ni/C anode) and a stability of more than 150 h (a degradation rate slower by 7 times than the Ni/C anode). The spectroscopies demonstrate that the alloy effect from Cu weakens the hydrogen binding, and the surface Cr2O3 species enhance the interfacial water binding. Both effects bring an optimized apparent hydrogen binding energy and thus lead to the high hydrogen oxidation reaction performance of NiCuCr. These results suggest that the apparent hydrogen binding energy determines the hydrogen oxidation reaction performance and that its tuning is beneficial toward high electrocatalytic performance.
Sampling-accelerated prediction of phonon scattering rates for converged thermal conductivity and radiative properties
Authors: Guo Ziqi , Han Zherui , Feng Dudong , Lin Guang , Ruan Xiulin 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe prediction of thermal conductivity and radiative properties is crucial. However, computing phonon scattering, especially for four-phonon scattering, could be prohibitively expensive, and the thermal conductivity for silicon after considering four-phonon scattering is significantly under-predicted and not converged in the literature. Here we propose a method to estimate scattering rates from a small sample of scattering processes using maximum likelihood estimation. The calculation of scattering rates and associated thermal conductivity and radiative properties are dramatically accelerated by three to four orders of magnitude. This allows us to use an unprecedented q-mesh (discretized grid in the reciprocal space) of 32 × 32 × 32 for calculating four-phonon scattering of silicon and achieve a converged thermal conductivity value that agrees much better with experiments. The accuracy and efficiency of our approach make it ideal for the high-throughput screening of materials for thermal and optical applications.
Generative adversarial network (GAN) enabled Statistically equivalent virtual microstructures (SEVM) for modeling cold spray formed bimodal polycrystals
Authors: Murgas Brayan , Stickel Joshua , Ghosh Somnath 
Published: February 2024

AbstractImage-based micromechanical models, necessary for the development of structure-property-response relations, are far from mature for complex microstructures with multi-modal distributions of morphological and crystallographic features, such as those occurring with cold spray-formed (CSF) aluminum alloys. These materials have a bimodal polycrystalline microstructure composed of recrystallized ultra-fine grains (UFGs) and deformed coarse grains (CGs) within prior particles. A prime reason is the lack of robust approaches for generating statistically equivalent virtual microstructures (SEVM) capturing the statistics of characteristic morphological and crystallographic features, such as grain size, crystallographic orientations, and misorientations. This paper introduces an approach, strategically integrating Generative Adversarial Network-based approaches for producing bimodal CSF AA7050 alloy microstructures, with the synthetic microstructure builder Dream3D for packing prior particles with CGs having statistically equivalent morphological and crystallographic descriptors to electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) maps. An efficient finite element (FE) simulation approach is developed for the SEVMs to generate local and overall response functions through the creation of sub-volume elements (SVEs).
Evidence of superconducting Fermi arcs
Authors: Kuibarov Andrii , Suvorov Oleksandr , Vocaturo Riccardo , Fedorov Alexander , Lou Rui , Merkwitz Luise , Voroshnin Vladimir , Facio Jorge I. , Koepernik Klaus , Yaresko Alexander , Shipunov Grigory , Aswartham Saicharan , Brink Jeroen van den , Büchner Bernd , Borisenko Sergey 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAn essential ingredient for the production of Majorana fermions for use in quantum computing is topological superconductivity1,2. As bulk topological superconductors remain elusive, the most promising approaches exploit proximity-induced superconductivity3, making systems fragile and difficult to realize4–7. Due to their intrinsic topology8, Weyl semimetals are also potential candidates1,2, but have always been connected with bulk superconductivity, leaving the possibility of intrinsic superconductivity of their topological surface states, the Fermi arcs, practically without attention, even from the theory side. Here, by means of angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy and ab initio calculations, we identify topological Fermi arcs on two opposing surfaces of the non-centrosymmetric Weyl material trigonal PtBi2 (ref. 9). We show these states become superconducting at temperatures around 10 K. Remarkably, the corresponding coherence peaks appear as the strongest and sharpest excitations ever detected by photoemission from solids. Our findings indicate that superconductivity in PtBi2 can occur exclusively at the surface, rendering it a possible platform to host Majorana modes in intrinsically topological superconductor–normal metal–superconductor Josephson junctions.
Translation selectively destroys non-functional transcription complexes
Authors: Woodgate Jason , Mosaei Hamed , Brazda Pavel , Stevenson-Jones Flint , Zenkin Nikolay 
Published: February 2024

AbstractTranscription elongation stalls at lesions in the DNA template1. For the DNA lesion to be repaired, the stalled transcription elongation complex (EC) has to be removed from the damaged site2. Here we show that translation, which is coupled to transcription in bacteria, actively dislodges stalled ECs from the damaged DNA template. By contrast, paused, but otherwise elongation-competent, ECs are not dislodged by the ribosome. Instead, they are helped back into processive elongation. We also show that the ribosome slows down when approaching paused, but not stalled, ECs. Our results indicate that coupled ribosomes functionally and kinetically discriminate between paused ECs and stalled ECs, ensuring the selective destruction of only the latter. This functional discrimination is controlled by the RNA polymerase’s catalytic domain, the Trigger Loop. We show that the transcription-coupled DNA repair helicase UvrD, proposed to cause backtracking of stalled ECs3, does not interfere with ribosome-mediated dislodging. By contrast, the transcription-coupled DNA repair translocase Mfd4 acts synergistically with translation, and dislodges stalled ECs that were not destroyed by the ribosome. We also show that a coupled ribosome efficiently destroys misincorporated ECs that can cause conflicts with replication5. We propose that coupling to translation is an ancient and one of the main mechanisms of clearing non-functional ECs from the genome.