bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
All‐Inorganic Perovskite NiTiO3/Cs3Sb2I9 Heterostructure for Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction to CH4 with High Selectivity
Authors: Fan Shuhan , Yang Qu , Yin Guilin , Qi Xiaosi , Feng Yuyu , Ding Junfei , Peng Qiong , Qu Yunpeng , Wang Qinglong , Shen Yan , Wang Mingkui , Gong Xiu 
Published: February 2024

AbstractDeveloping efficient and stable halide perovskite‐based photocatalysts for highly selectivity reduction CO2 to valuable fuels remains a significant challenge due to their intrinsic instability. Herein, a novel heterostructure featuring 2D Cs3Sb2I9 nanosheets on a 3D flower‐like mesoporous NiTiO3 framework using a top‐down stepwise membrane fabrication technique is constructed. The unique bilayer heterostructure formed on the 3D mesoporous framework endowed NiTiO3/Cs3Sb2I9 with sufficient and close interface contact, minimizing charge transport distance, and effectively promoting the charge transfer at the interface, thus improving the reaction efficiency of the catalyst surface. As revealed by characterization and calculation, the coupling of Cs3Sb2I9 with NiTiO3 facilitates the hydrogenation process during catalytic, directing reaction intermediates toward highly selective CH4 production. Furthermore, the van der Waals forces inherent in the 3D/2D heterostructure with face‐to‐face contact provide superior stability, ensuring the efficient realization of photocatalytic CO2 reduction to CH4. Consequently, the optimized 3D/2D NiTiO3/Cs3Sb2I9 heterostructure demonstrates an impressive CH4 yield of 43.4 µmol g−1 h−1 with a selectivity of up to 88.6%, surpassing most reported perovskite‐based photocatalysts to date. This investigation contributes to overcoming the challenges of commercializing perovskite‐based photocatalysts and paves the way for the development of sustainable and efficient CO2 conversion technologies.
TADF polymer enables over 20% EQE in solution‐processed green fluorescent OLEDs
Authors: Yan Libing , Su Ning , Yang Ying , Li Xue , Sun Jie , Wang Shumeng , Zhao Lei , Ding Liming , Ding Junqiao 
Published: February 2024

AbstractSolution‐processed fluorescent organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) are believed to be favorable for low‐cost, large‐area, and flexible displays but still suffer from the limited external quantum efficiency (EQE) below 5%. Herein, we demonstrate the EQE breakthrough by introducing a donor–acceptor type thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) polymer as the sensitizer for the typical green‐emitting fluorescent dopants. Benefitting from their matched energy alignment, the unwanted trap‐assisted recombination directly on fluorescent dopant is prevented to avoid the additional loss of triplet excitons. Indeed, triplet excitons are mainly formed on the polymeric TADF sensitizer via a Langevin recombination and then spin‐flipped to singlet excitons due to the good upconversion capability. Followed by an efficient Förster energy transfer, both singlet and triplet excitons can be harvested by fluorescent dopants, leading to a promising solution‐processed green hyperfluorescence with a record‐high EQE of 21.2% (72.2 cd/A, 59.7 lm/W) and Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage coordinates of (0.32, 0.59). The results clearly highlight the great potential of solution‐processed fluorescent OLEDs based on TADF polymers as the sensitizer.
Smart molecular crystal switches
Authors: Hou Ian Cheng‐Yi , Li Liang , Zhang Hongyu , Naumov Panče 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe multifaceted switches are part of our everyday life from the macroscopic to the molecular world. A molecular switch operating in the solution and in the crystalline state is very different. In this review, we summarize the state‐of‐the‐art of smart molecular crystal switches based on molecular martensites. These crystal switches respond to external stimuli and reversibly change between states, retaining their macroscopic integrity. The operation of the switches predominantly relies on temperature alterations or mechanical stress, with emerging methods based on photothermal effects, photoisomerization, and host‐guest chemistry. The capability of changing the molecular orientation and interaction in smart molecular crystal switches offers opportunities in several applications, including actuators, reversibly shaping structural materials, optoelectronic and magnetic materials, as well as switchable porous materials. Smart molecular crystal switches have vast potential in modern scientific and technological progress. The ongoing research shapes a rich landscape for innovation and future scientific exploration across diverse disciplines.
Elementary preservice teachers' pedagogical decisions about socioscientific issues instruction
Authors: Kinskey Melanie , Zeidler Dana 
Published: February 2024

AbstractSocioscientific issues (SSI) have been found to improve scientific literacy skills among K—12 students. Existing literature shows, however, that elementary preservice teachers are reluctant to implement SSI due to a lack of confidence with subject matter knowledge and knowledge of instruction concerning SSI. Previous research has focused on helping elementary preservice teachers overcome these concerns through microteaching, adapting existing curricula, and experiencing SSI through methods courses. While it has been noted that formal preparation is required for preservice teachers to feel confident in their abilities to facilitate SSI, little has been done to prepare elementary preservice teachers to facilitate SSI during field experiences. In this study, we explored the factors that influenced elementary preservice teachers' instructional decision‐making while planning and enacting SSI‐based instruction in the classroom. Community of practice (CoP) meetings provided formal training to prepare these elementary preservice teachers to facilitate SSI. Recordings of the CoP meetings, reflective journals, observations, and interviews served as data sources. Our findings revealed knowledge of students, instructional knowledge, and context as most influential in these elementary preservice teachers' pedagogical reasoning concerning SSI‐based instruction, while subject matter knowledge was the least considered. We discuss these findings and offer recommendations for how to use these considerations when planning future research to study elementary preservice teachers' SSI‐based instructional practice.
Gender and Diversity in EFL Textbook Dialogues: Interactional Structure and Pedagogical Implications
Authors: Huang Shin‐Ying 
Published: February 2024

AbstractFocusing on English‐as‐a‐foreign‐language (EFL) textbook dialogues, this study explores both gender equality and diverse identities from the perspective of interactional competence. The purpose of this study is twofold: first, to examine gender differences in textbook dialogues concerning interactional patterns, and second, to derive pedagogical implications for gender equality and diverse identities in English‐language teaching from the findings. This study proposes the initiation‐response‐follow‐up (IRF) model of discourse structure as both an analytical framework and a pedagogical framework for exploring and incorporating interactional competence related to gender and diversity. Findings reveal an overall balance in the interactional patterns between females and males in the textbook dialogues, although major differences were found in relation to particular discourse features in the context of a specific type of dialogue initiation. These findings are discussed in relation to possible classroom strategies for incorporating the IRF discourse structure to inform the teaching of interactional competence and sociolinguistic skills, particularly as relevant to the linguistic dimension of promoting diverse identities.
Unveiling hormone‐stimulated gene mechanisms in prostate cancer: A prognostic model, immune infiltration analysis, and drug sensitivity study
Authors: Fan Zhongru , Yu Qianqian , Deng Junpeng , Wang Ke , Yu Hongqi , Fan Xin , Xie Jianjun 
Published: February 2024

AbstractHormones promote the progression of prostate cancer (PRCA) through the activation of a complex regulatory network. Inhibition of hormones or modulation of specific network nodes alone is insufficient to suppress the entire oncogenic network. Therefore, it is imperative to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the occurrence and development of PRCA in order to identify reliable diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets. To this end, we used publicly available data to analyze the potential mechanisms of hormone‐stimulated genes in PRCA, construct a prognostic model, and assess immune infiltration and drug sensitivity. The single‐cell RNA‐sequencing data of PRCA were subjected to dimensionality reduction clustering and annotation, and the cells were categorized into two groups based on hormone stimulus‐related scores. The differentially expressed genes between the two groups were screened and incorporated into the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator machine learning algorithm, and a prognostic model comprising six genes (ZNF862, YIF1A, USP22, TAF7, SRSF3, and SPARC) was constructed. The robustness of the model was validation through multiple methods. Immune infiltration scores in the two risk groups were calculated using three different algorithms. In addition, the relationship between the model genes and immune cell infiltration, and that between risk score and immune cell infiltration were analyzed. Drug sensitivity analysis was performed for the model genes and risk score using public databases to identify potential candidate drugs. Our findings provide novel insights into the mechanisms of hormone‐stimulated genes in PRCA progression, prognosis, and drug screening.
Social practice theory and household water demand: A review of literature and research evidence
Authors: Cahill Joseph , Hoolohan Claire , Browne Alison L. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe changing climate, rapid increases in global consumption, and shock events are increasing stress on water resources globally. For policy makers and water sector stakeholders tasked with reducing demand, and for academic researchers interested in understanding how these complex issues intertwine to create current and future water demand profiles, the shortcomings of individualized behavior change approaches driven by psycho‐econometric understandings of resource consumption is increasingly evident. Since the early 2000s, social practice theory has been increasingly recognized as deepening understandings of the complex ways water is consumed and the dynamic factors that influence household demands. This review examines evidence of how social practice ideas are deployed in academic research in scope (theory; geographical; practices entities/performances; sites, locations, and temporality of practices; infrastructural configurations); methods (historical; talk—interviews, focus groups; diaries; ethnography and home tours; surveys; living labs, experiments, design methods; mixed methods); and implications (co‐production; materiality; diversity; disruption and insecurity; inequalities) including for policy and practice. Emerging from the review is a set of ideas that demonstrate how to apply insights from social practice more effectively in water studies and in water management, aiding the exploration of new areas of enquiry, policies and mechanisms to enable less intensive patterns of water use. This review points to a need for increased collaboration across the water sector and wider stakeholders to enact deep and meaningful change to how water is supplied and consumed in society.This article is categorized under:
Human Water > Water Governance
Human Water > Methods
Human Water > Value of Water
Computational methods for unlocking the secrets of potassium channels: Structure, mechanism, and drug design
Authors: Wang Lingling , Zhang Qianqian , Tong Henry H. Y. , Yao Xiaojun , Liu Huanxiang , Li Guohui 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPotassium (K+) channels play vital roles in various physiological functions, including regulating K+ flow in cell membranes, impacting nervous system signal transduction, neuronal firing, muscle contraction, neurotransmitters, and enzyme secretion. Their activation and switch‐off are directly linked to diseases like arrhythmias, atrial fibrillation, and pain etc. Although the experimental methods play important roles in the studying the structure and function of K+ channels, they are still some limitations to enclose the dynamic molecular processes and the corresponding mechanisms of conformational changes during ion transport, permeation, and gating control. Relatively, computational methods have obvious advantages in studying such problems compared with experimental methods. Recently, more and more three‐dimensional structures of K+ channels have been disclosed based on experimental methods and in silico prediction methods, which provide a good chance to study the molecular mechanism of conformational changes related to the functional regulations of K+ channels. Based on these structural details, molecular dynamics simulations together with related methods such as enhanced sampling and free energy calculations, have been widely used to reveal the conformational dynamics, ion conductance, ion channel gating, and ligand binding mechanisms. Additionally, the accessibility of structures also provides a large space for structure‐based drug design. This review mainly addresses the recent progress of computational methods in the structure, mechanism, and drug design of K+ channels. After summarizing the progress in these fields, we also give our opinion on the future direction in the area of K+ channel research combined with the cutting edge of computational methods.This article is categorized under:
Molecular and Statistical Mechanics > Molecular Dynamics and Monte‐Carlo Methods
Structure and Mechanism > Computational Biochemistry and Biophysics
Data Science > Chemoinformatics
Responsive Regulation, Trust, and Intrinsic Motivation Within the Nuclear Industry: Impacts of a Safety Culture Tool
Authors: Bernard Benoît 
Published: February 2024

AbstractSafety culture has now a long history within the nuclear industry. Since the first appearance of the concept in the aftermath of the Chernobyl accident, growing attention has been paid to cultural issues with regard to safety. The concept is also highly contested and several authors suggested that regulatory bodies (RB) should stay away from safety culture. In contrast, this chapter intends to explore the impacts of a safety culture tool on the regulator–regulatee relationship, in particular, regarding a more responsive regulatory approach, the interactions between trust and control, and the motivation of licensees to be compliant.
The Regulator, the Regulatee, and the End of the World as We Knew It
Authors: Etienne Julien 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe rapid breakdown of the climate has radical implications for hazardous industries and for the regulator–regulatee relationship. It will lead to an exponential increase in NaTech events, and as such will transform the scale and level of complexity of contingency planning. As most fossil-fuelled hazardous industries play an oversized role in overshooting planetary boundaries, these industries will need to transform radically or shut down. To tackle such challenges, the regulator–regulatee relationship needs to transform itself so as to still be relevant and impactful in a troubled future.
Standards, Certification, and Accreditation: Indispensable Tools for European Safety Regulations?
Authors: Galland Jean-Pierre 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis chapter shows how standardisation, certification, and accreditation procedures are used for a few decades at the European level for ensuring consumers’ safety against medium-risk products. Despite some regulatory failures, such as in the Medical Devices’ sector, this way of regulating risks is becoming a European model which is both being superimposed on pre-existing older risk regulation regimes and being applied to new domains.
Auditism: Symptoms, Safety Consequences, Causes, and Cure
Authors: Størkersen Kristine Vedal 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis text is a reflection on today’s organisational management, through an imagined disease, auditism. The empirical material for this reflection is collected mainly in the shipping and aquaculture industries, but other type of data suggest auditism may be prevalent in other industries too. Auditism is diagnosed when and where the idea of audits shapes how work is structured, performed, or talked about in a working environment. Symptoms of auditism are related to organisations’ management of quality and safety—safety clutter, illegitimate core tasks, and an experience of two realities in an organisation (one for ‘real work’ and the other for ‘bullshit’ tasks or administration). Causes are function-based regulations and shallow audit regimes, as well as societal trends of how to prove legitimacy, accountability, liability, and efficiency. A cure could come through improved methods for auditing and documentation, or through trust in professional judgement instead of audits. Still, the prognosis is that many organisations will suffer from auditism before prescribing to reliable remedies.
Globale Modellierung des Klimawandels
Authors: Schmidt Hauke , Eyring Veronika , Latif Mojib , Marotzke Jochem , Rechid Diana , Sausen Robert 
Published: February 2024

ZusammenfassungKlimamodelle ermöglichen mathematisch-physikalisch basierte und quantitative Aussagen über die Änderungen des Klimas. Neben Atmosphäre und Ozean berücksichtigen sie auch das Eis, die Landoberflächen, biologische Prozesse und die Variabilität der Sonneneinstrahlung. Globale Klimamodelle tragen dazu bei, Natur und Ursachen des globalen Klimawandels zu verstehen und mögliche zukünftige Entwicklungen abzubilden. Diese Modelle beschreiben die Entwicklung des Klimas unter der Annahme eines Szenarios künftiger Emissionen von Treibhausgasen und Aerosolen. Das Kapitel gibt Einblick in die Historie, Möglichkeiten und Grenzen der globalen Klimamodellierung. Darüber hinaus präsentiert es Schlüsselergebnisse des aktuellen, sechsten Sachstandsberichts des Weltklimarats (IPCC) und Fortschritte gegenüber früheren Berichten. Im Vordergrund stehen die globalen Veränderungen im Klimasystem, die mithilfe von Projektionen – basierend auf unterschiedlichen Szenarien – bis zum Ende des 21. Jahrhunderts berechnet werden.
Kosten des Klimawandels und Auswirkungen auf die Wirtschaft
Authors: Schulze Sven , Bardt Hubertus , Biebeler Hendrik , Klepper Gernot , Mahammadzadeh Mahammad , Osberghaus Daniel , Rickels Wilfried , Schenker Oliver , Schwarze Reimund 
Published: February 2024

ZusammenfassungKlimawandelbedingte Kosten entstehen in einer Kaskade von Wirkungsmechanismen und -kreisläufen, die jeweils mit zahlreichen Unsicherheiten verbunden sind. Die Menge der Treibhausgasemissionen bestimmt, wie sich Atmosphäre und Klima auf der Erde verändern. Die Reaktion des Klimasystems mit seinen zahlreichen Rückkopplungseffekten führt zu regional unterschiedlichen – positiven oder negativen – Wirtschafts- und Wohlfahrtseffekten. Bei der Reaktion auf diese Effekte durch Einflussnahme auf die Emissionen oder Anpassung an den Klimawandel schließt sich der Kreis. Hieran anknüpfend werden in diesem Kapitel Möglichkeiten und Grenzen der gesamtwirtschaftlichen Bewertung dargestellt und verschiedene Schadensschätzungen diskutiert. Potenzielle Probleme, Herausforderungen und Implikationen werden exemplarisch für den Bereich Gesundheit und Küstenschutz diskutiert. Darüber hinaus bietet das Kapitel einen Überblick über die Einschätzung von Unternehmen zu den Auswirkungen des Klimawandels.
Nachweis und Attribution von Änderungen in Klima und Wetter
Authors: Undorf Sabine 
Published: February 2024

ZusammenfassungDer Wissenschaftszweig der Klimaattribution analysiert den Zusammenhang zwischen beobachteten Aspekten des Klimas und menschlichen Klimaeinflussfaktoren. Mit formalen, statistisch sorgfältigen Nachweis- und Attributionsmethoden sind globale Veränderungen im Klima unzweifelhaft nachgewiesen und erhöhten Treibhausgaskonzentrationen zugeordnet. Auch auf kontinentaler und nationaler Ebene ist dieser Nachweis für Änderungen in Temperaturmitteln sowie -extremen und manchen Niederschlagsindizes erbracht. Mit verwandten Methoden, vor allem denen der probabilistischen Ereignisattribution, werden beobachtete Ereignisse wie eine einzelne Hitzewelle oder ein einzelner Sturm untersucht. Dabei wird typischerweise quantifiziert, ob und wie sich die Auftrittswahrscheinlichkeit der Ereignisse durch den menschengemachten Klimawandel geändert hat. Attributionsergebnisse können Bewusstsein für den Klimawandel schaffen und für Fragen der Klimagerechtigkeit und möglicher Entschädigungen für Klimafolgen relevant sein.
Mögliche Beiträge geologischer und mariner Kohlenstoffspeicher zur Dekarbonisierung
Authors: Oschlies Andreas , Mengis Nadine , Rehder Gregor , Schill Eva , Thomas Helmuth , Wallmann Klaus , Zimmer Martin 
Published: February 2024

ZusammenfassungEs werden mögliche Beiträge geologischer und mariner Kohlenstoffspeicher für die Vermeidung von CO2-Emissionen in die Atmosphäre oder für die Entnahme von bereits emittiertem CO2 aus der Atmosphäre vorgestellt. Neben der Einlagerung von CO2 in geologischen Speichern unter Land und unter dem Meeresboden werden eine forcierte CO2-Entnahme aus der Atmosphäre und Abgabe in den Ozean durch Erhöhung der Alkalinität, durch Ozeandüngung und durch das Management vegetationsreicher Küstenökosysteme untersucht. Alle Optionen können sowohl global als auch aus deutscher Perspektive eine Rolle für das Erreichen der Klimaziele spielen. Umweltverträglichkeit, Permanenz der Speicherung sowie infrastrukturelle und rechtliche Voraussetzungen, gesellschaftliche Akzeptanz und wirtschaftliche Realisierbarkeit bedürfen für alle Ansätze weiterer Klärung, bevor hieraus realisierbare Optionen werden können.
Die klimaresiliente Gesellschaft – Transformation und Systemänderungen
Authors: Hirschfeld Jesko , Hansen Gerrit , Messner Dirk , Opielka Michael , Peter Sophie 
Published: February 2024

ZusammenfassungEs werden die Zusammenhänge zwischen Klimaschutz und Anpassung an den Klimawandel, die Chancen, Risiken und Grenzen der Anpassung sowie der nationale und globale Transformationsbedarf erörtert. Neben den einzel- und volkswirtschaftlichen Auswirkungen des Klimawandels stellt das Kapitel auch die sozialen, politischen und ökologischen Auswirkungen in einen systemischen Zusammenhang. Auf nationaler Ebene stehen gesellschaftlich und politisch Handelnde vor komplexen Analyse- und Steuerungsproblemen. Um Klimarisiken zu begegnen und Chancen der Klimaanpassung auszuschöpfen, müssen die verschiedenen Dimensionen wirtschaftlicher, sozialer, politischer und ökologischer Systeme, räumliche und zeitliche Skalenebenen berücksichtigt und Fachleute aus der Praxis einbezogen werden.
Klimakommunikation und Klimaservice
Authors: Schuck-Zöller Susanne , Abeling Thomas , Bender Steffen , Groth Markus , Keup-Thiel Elke , Molitor Heike , Sander Kirsten , Seipold Peer , Vilsmaier Ulli 
Published: February 2024

ZusammenfassungUm auf den Klimawandel reagieren zu können, werden Klimaschutz und Anpassung an den Klimawandel zunehmend aufeinander bezogen. Die Dringlichkeit des Problems hat Auswirkungen auf die Wissenschaftskommunikation und ebenso auf die Forschung gezeitigt, die sich inzwischen um den Bereich des Klimaservice' erweitert hat. Dieses Kapitel geht der Frage nach: Was wird unter Klimakommunikation und Klimaservice verstanden und was leisten diese im Zusammenhang mit dem Klimawandel? Wissenschaftstheoretische Fragestellungen, die sich daraus ergeben, werden skizziert. Darauf aufbauend lassen sich Voraussetzungen, Chancen und Herausforderungen einer erfolgreichen Umsetzung dieser neuen wissenschaftlichen und kommunikativen Aktivitäten benennen.