bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Case Series of Isolated Smiling Tremor: What Is the Phenomenology?
Authors: Radmard Sara , Amlang Christian Johannes , Weimer Louis , Pullman Seth L. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundFive cases of tremor only upon smiling have been reported where no facial tremor is present at rest, when talking, or with full smile.CasesThis report highlights four cases of tremor upon partial smiling, discusses the phenomenology of smiling tremor, and reviews the current literature. Four subjects with lower facial tremor present only upon smiling underwent movement disorders evaluation with video. Tremor frequencies were determined by parsing the video clips into 1‐second intervals and averaging the number of oscillations per interval and were determined to be high‐frequency 8 to 10 Hz irregular facial tremors with harmonic variations upon moderate effort in all cases. Slight or full‐effort smiling did not elicit facial muscle oscillations. Subjects had no other signs of tremor, dystonia, or parkinsonism on examination or in family history.ConclusionsTremor upon smiling only, or isolated smiling tremor, is a unique task‐ and position‐specific tremor of the facial musculature.
Charting Disease Trajectories from Isolated REM Sleep Behavior Disorder to Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Di Folco Cécile , Couronné Raphaël , Arnulf Isabelle , Mangone Graziella , Leu‐Semenescu Smaranda , Dodet Pauline , Vidailhet Marie , Corvol Jean‐Christophe , Lehéricy Stéphane , Durrleman Stanley 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundClinical presentation and progression dynamics are variable in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Disease course mapping is an innovative disease modelling technique that summarizes the range of possible disease trajectories and estimates dimensions related to onset, sequence, and speed of progression of disease markers.ObjectiveTo propose a disease course map for PD and investigate progression profiles in patients with or without rapid eye movement sleep behavioral disorders (RBD).MethodsData of 919 PD patients and 88 isolated RBD patients from three independent longitudinal cohorts were analyzed (follow‐up duration = 5.1; 95% confidence interval, 1.1–8.1] years). Disease course map was estimated by using eight clinical markers (motor and non‐motor symptoms) and four imaging markers (dopaminergic denervation).ResultsPD course map showed that the first changes occurred in the contralateral putamen 13 years before diagnosis, followed by changes in motor symptoms, dysautonomia, sleep—all before diagnosis—and finally cognitive decline at the time of diagnosis. The model showed earlier disease onset, earlier non‐motor and later motor symptoms, more rapid progression of cognitive decline in PD patients with RBD than PD patients without RBD. This pattern was even more pronounced in patients with isolated RBD with early changes in sleep, followed by cognition and non‐motor symptoms and later changes in motor symptoms.ConclusionsOur findings are consistent with the presence of distinct patterns of progression between patients with and without RBD. Understanding heterogeneity of PD progression is key to decipher the underlying pathophysiology and select homogeneous subgroups of patients for precision medicine. © 2023 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Epigenetic aging of mammalian gametes
Authors: Klutstein Michael , Gonen Nitzan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe process of aging refers to physiological changes that occur to an organism as time progresses and involves changes to DNA, proteins, metabolism, cells, and organs. Like the rest of the cells in the body, gametes age, and it is well established that there is a decline in reproductive capabilities in females and males with aging. One of the major pathways known to be involved in aging is epigenetic changes. The epigenome is the multitude of chemical modifications performed on DNA and chromatin that affect the ability of chromatin to be transcribed. In this review, we explore the effects of aging on female and male gametes with a focus on the epigenetic changes that occur in gametes throughout aging. Quality decline in oocytes occurs at a relatively early age. Epigenetic changes constitute an important part of oocyte aging. DNA methylation is reduced with age, along with reduced expression of DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs). Histone deacetylases (HDAC) expression is also reduced, and a loss of heterochromatin marks occurs with age. As a consequence of heterochromatin loss, retrotransposon expression is elevated, and aged oocytes suffer from DNA damage. In sperm, aging affects sperm number, motility and fecundity, and epigenetic changes may constitute a part of this process. 5 methyl‐cytosine (5mC) methylation is elevated in sperm from aged men, but methylation on Long interspersed nuclear elements (LINE) elements is reduced. Di and trimethylation of histone 3 lysine 9 (H3K9me2/3) is reduced in sperm from aged men and trimethylation of histone 3 lysine 27 (H3K27me3) is elevated. The protamine makeup of sperm from aged men is also changed, with reduced protamine expression and a misbalanced ratio between protamine proteins protamine P1 and protamine P2. The study of epigenetic reproductive aging is recently gaining interest. The current status of the field suggests that many aspects of gamete epigenetic aging are still open for investigation. The clinical applications of these investigations have far‐reaching consequences for fertility and sociological human behavior.
Coastal residents' affective engagement with the natural and constructed environment
Authors: Buitendijk Tomas , Morris‐Webb Elisabeth S. , Hadj‐Hammou Jeneen , Jenkins Stuart R. , Crowe Tasman P. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Coastal communities and their landscapes are subject to constant change, and today face new challenges as a result of climate change and the sustainable energy transition. To ensure the resilience of coastal communities to ongoing changes in the natural and constructed environment, it is imperative that planners and other decision‐makers understand the importance of local places to residents.

We used an interdisciplinary, mixed‐methods approach to study relationships between coastal residents and places in south Co. Wicklow, Ireland, introducing the concept of ‘affective engagement’. Grounded in new materialist theory (notably actor–network theory), this term connects the meaning derived by residents from their relationships with coastal places (‘affect’) to the extent of their material interactions (‘engagement’). ‘Affect’ was determined from thematic analysis of interviews and open questionnaire responses, as well as place attachment scales included in the questionnaire. Measures describing the strength of the relationship between residents and coastal places were used as a proxy for ‘engagement’.

To understand how experienced meaning and material interaction interlink, principal component analysis (PCA) was used to join and visually explore the different measures of ‘affect’ and ‘engagement’. Potentially mediating sociodemographic variables were investigated using a permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA).

The majority of self‐selected study participants displayed strong place attachment to their most frequently visited places. We found that affective engagement does not vary with age, gender or type of place. Participants favoured natural and constructed places in equal measure. This implies that constructed places can be of high value due to their different functions for different individuals, and that landscape transformations may impact on coastal residents if they cause a change in functionality.

We found two domains comprising affective engagement that are not measurable by quantitative or qualitative data alone. The first of these domains is driven by attachments to places, and the other by meanings relating to either personal or social fulfilment afforded by a place.

Our findings may help planners better understand the meanings behind local support for (or resistance against) landscape transformations, and how residents' affective engagement might be impacted by proposed interventions.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Graphene nanoribbon doped PVA nanocomposites for improved UVC blocking and luminescence down‐shifting applications
Authors: Swamy Ningappa Kumara , Mohana Kikkeri Narasimha Shetty , Madhukar Beejaganahalli Sangameshwara 
Published: November 2023

AbstractGraphene nanoribbon (GNR) is quasi‐one dimensional carbon based nanomaterial, distinct from graphene and less explored nanofiller in optical and optoelectronic applications. Herein flexible poly vinyl alcohol (PVA) nanocomposites of 0, 0.25, 0.5 and 0.75 wt % compositions of GNR were prepared by using solution intercalation technique and characterized by spectroscopic methods to assess their structural and optical characteristics. The characterization of PVA@GNR nanocomposites revealed Vander Waals binding of GNR to PVA chains and also considerable crystallographic changes in PVA matrix upon the incorporation of GNR. The optical investigations showed UV‐visible absorption in the wavelength range of 200–280 and 350–520 nm which enhanced on increase in GNR dopant concentration. The decrease in the optical band gap and Urbach energy was also observed for the nanocomposites with increase in dopant concentrations thereby suggesting the formation of localized states in the forbidden band region. The refractive index, absorption coefficient, extinction coefficient and optical conductivity of PVA nanocomposites showed excellent agreement with the band gap revelations and indicated UVC light blocking properties in the wavelength of 200–280 nm. Further, the GNR incorporated PVA nanocomposites exhibited improved thermal stability, wettability transitions (hydrophilic to near hydrophilic) and excellent luminescent down‐conversion properties with a high Stokes's shift (100 nm) compared to pristine PVA nanocomposites. The study concludes that the proposed PVA@GNR nanocomposites can ideally fit optical and photovoltaic device applications owing to their transparency coupled with UV blocking and luminescence down‐shifting attributes.
Diagnosing borderline personality disorder: Reports and recommendations from people with lived experience
Authors: Tedesco Vanessa , Day Nicholas John Stephen , Lucas Sophie , Grenyer Brin F. S. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBorderline personality disorder (BPD) is a severe mental health condition marked by impairments in self and interpersonal functioning. Stigma from health staff may often result in a reluctance to diagnose, impacting recovery trajectories. Qualitative interviews were conducted with participants (N = 15; M Age = 36.4 years, SD = 7.5; 93.3% female) with lived experience of BPD exploring topics of illness onset, insight, experience of diagnosis and treatment. Qualitative responses were analysed within a co‐design framework with a member of the research team who identifies as having a lived experience of BPD. On average, participant symptoms emerged at 12.1 years of age (SD = 6.6 years, range 1.5–27), but diagnoses of BPD were delayed until 30.2 years (SD = 7.8 years, range 18–44) resulting in a ‘diagnosis gap’ of 18.1 years (SD = 9.6 years, range 3–30). Participant explanations for BPD emergence varied from biological, psychological and social factors. Benefits of diagnosis (e.g., fostering insight, aiding treatment planning and reducing isolation) were contrasted with challenges (e.g., stigma and treatment unavailability). Delay in diagnosis was common, and no participants reported receiving a diagnosis of BPD during their adolescence yet 85% felt they would have benefited from a diagnosis in adolescence. Only a quarter (27%) felt highly supported in the diagnostic process. An ideal four‐step diagnosis procedure was outlined based on recommendations from participants with a lived experience; this involved the following: (1) explain the process, (2) assess thoroughly, (3) explore how the features are active in everyday life and (4) link diagnosis to evidence‐based treatment planning.
Nitrogen‐doping graphene at ambient conditions with N2‐DBD‐plasma and the role of neutral species
Authors: Begley Alina , Bartolomeo Giovanni Luca , Abbott Daniel F. , Mougel Victor , Zenobi Renato 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWe doped nitrogen into monolayer graphene using reactive nitrogen species from a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD). After 30 s of treatment, the graphene monolayer had a moderate degree of damage (ID/IG = 1.2) and an increase in the N‐atom (pyrrolic) and O‐atom (mixed) content. During long treatment times (20 min), the treated area increased radially and the graphene was destroyed. Overall, the N‐atom content increased with increasing operating voltage of the DBD source. When the graphene was treated with only neutral reactive nitrogen species, the N‐atom content and type remained unchanged. Therefore, we hypothesize that the primary reactive species resulting in pyrrolic N‐doping from the DBD are neutrals such as N(4S) and possibly N(2P).
Study of the effect of composite energetic binder on the performance of DAAF at ambient and elevated temperatures
Authors: Wu Bidong , Zhu Rui , Liu Yi , An Chongwei , Wang Jingyu 
Published: November 2023

AbstractTo investigate the effect of composite energetic binders on the performance of DAAF at ambient as well as elevated temperatures, DAAF solid microspheres with uniform particle size were prepared using droplet microfluidics. The morphology, particle size distribution, structure, thermal properties and mechanical susceptibility of the microspheres were characterized and analyzed. The results show that the use of composite binder can effectively improve the thermal stability of DAAF, and the activation energy is increased from 168.87 to 218.53 kJ ⋅ mol−1. The crystal shape is not changed after cladding, and the impact sensitivity value is improved by 5 J over the submicron DAAF. Composite energetic binder DAAF microspheres and submicron DAAF were selected for experiments under high temperature environment. The results showed that at high temperatures, when the mass loss was more than 16 %, the submicron DAAF was better than the DAAF microspheres in terms of storage time.
Exploring the potential of boron carbide in enhancing energy output of solid fuels for SFRJ and hybrid rocket propulsion systems
Authors: Nithya Mahottamananda Sri , Pal Yash , Alay Hashim Syed , Dinesh Mengu , Trache Djalal 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBoron carbide (B4C) is known for its exceptional hardness and high energy release during combustion, despite its ignition processes presents considerable challenges. This study focuses on exploring the potential of B4C as an enhancer for the energy output of solid fuels designed for hybrid rocket engines (HRE) or solid fuel ramjets (SFRJ). This study presents the successful incorporation of B4C and fluorinated PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) polymer into the HTPB (hydroxyl‐terminated polybutadiene) fuel matrix, aiming to enhance the ignition, combustion, and regression rate performance of solid fuel. Five different fuel compositions were formulated with varying mass ratios of B4C, and their post‐combustion products were characterized using XRD (X‐ray diffraction), HRSEM (high‐resolution scanning electron microscopy), and EDS (energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy) techniques. The HRSEM‐EDS analysis confirmed a uniform dispersion of B4C/PTFE additives throughout the HTPB matrix. To evaluate the combustion behavior of the B4C/PTFE additives, an opposite flow burner was employed with a gaseous oxygen oxidizer. The F4 fuel sample, loaded with B4C/PTFE (10/20), exhibited an average regression rate increase ranging from 0.61 to 1.15 mm/s when evaluated within the oxidizer flux range of 36–77 kg/m2s, in comparison to that of pure HTPB (0.4 mm/s to 0.76 mm/s). The ignition delay time was investigated as a key parameter affected by the B4C concentration in the solid fuel formulations. Furthermore, a comprehensive combustion mechanism is proposed and discussed for B4C/PTFE loaded in the HTPB matrix under an oxygen environment.
Agile robotic inspection of steel structures: A bicycle‐like approach with multisensor integration
Authors: Nguyen Son Thanh , La Kien Thanh , La Hung Manh 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis paper introduces an innovative and streamlined design of a robot, resembling a bicycle, created to effectively inspect a wide range of ferromagnetic structures, even those with intricate shapes. The key highlight of this robot lies in its mechanical simplicity coupled with remarkable agility. The locomotion strategy hinges on the arrangement of two magnetic wheels in a configuration akin to a bicycle, augmented by two independent steering actuators. This configuration grants the robot the exceptional ability to move in multiple directions. Moreover, the robot employs a reciprocating mechanism that allows it to alter its shape, thereby surmounting obstacles effortlessly. An inherent trait of the robot is its innate adaptability to uneven and intricate surfaces on steel structures, facilitated by a dynamic joint. To underscore its practicality, the robot's application is demonstrated through the utilization of an ultrasonic sensor for gauging steel thickness, coupled with a pragmatic deployment mechanism. By integrating a defect detection model based on deep learning, the robot showcases its proficiency in automatically identifying and pinpointing areas of rust on steel surfaces. The paper undertakes a thorough analysis, encompassing robot kinematics, adhesive force, potential sliding and turn‐over scenarios, and motor power requirements. These analyses collectively validate the stability and robustness of the proposed design. Notably, the theoretical calculations established in this study serve as a valuable blueprint for developing future robots tailored for climbing steel structures. To enhance its inspection capabilities, the robot is equipped with a camera that employs deep learning algorithms to detect rust visually. The paper substantiates its claims with empirical evidence, sharing results from extensive experiments and real‐world deployments on diverse steel bridges, situated in both Nevada and Georgia. These tests comprehensively affirm the robot's proficiency in adhering to surfaces, navigating challenging terrains, and executing thorough inspections. A comprehensive visual representation of the robot's trials and field deployments is presented in videos accessible at the following links: https://youtu.be/Qdh1oz_oxiQ and https://youtu.be/vFFq79O49dM.
1,8‐Naphthalimide‐Based Chemosensors: A Promising Strategy for Detection of Metal Ions in Environmental and Biological Systems
Authors: Kaur Gurdeep , Singh Iqubal , Tandon Nitin , Tandon Runjhun , Bhat Aeyaz Ahmad 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe advancement of optical chemosensors has achieved success with the advent of Supramolecular Chemistry. Unlike other scaffolds, the 1,8‐naphthalimide motif has emerged as an excellent fluorescent chemosensor due to its photophysical properties like thermostability, cytotoxicity, membrane permeability, selectivity, and sensitivity. The naphthalimide scaffold is distinctive in its ways of tracking biological analytes and diagnosing its role in various diseases. This review provides insight into current developments in the synthesis and designing of 1,8‐naphthalimide‐based chemosensors for the recognition of metal ions, its mechanistic approach for its sensitivity, selectivity, and practical applications in a real environment. We hope that this review will aid to develop a novel approach to sense toxic analytes in real water samples and improve real‐time applications.
Synthesis, Antimicrobial Evaluation, Molecular Docking, and ADME Studies of Some Novel 3‐Hydroxypyridine‐4‐one Derivatives
Authors: Sadeghian Sara , Zare Fateme , Goshtasbi Ghazal , Fassihi Afshin , Saghaie Lotfollah , Zare Pooria , Sabet Razieh 
Published: November 2023

AbstractA new class of 3‐hydroxypyridine‐4‐one derivatives was synthesized and screened against several Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria, as well as two species of fungi. Among these synthesized compounds, the substituted derivatives with ortho‐ and para‐nitro and para‐methoxy groups showed the highest antibacterial activities against S. aureus and E. coli species with MIC value of 32 μg/mL, which were more potent compared to ampicillin as a reference drug. Furthermore, the substituted derivatives with ortho‐methoxy, ortho‐, para‐chloride, ortho‐, and para‐hydroxy groups exhibited MIC values of 64 μg/mL against S. aureus and E. coli species. In addition, the synthesized compounds were evaluated for their antifungal activities against C. albicans and A. niger strains. The best antifungal activity was observed for compounds with ortho‐methoxy, ortho‐hydroxy, and para‐methyl substitutions against A. niger species with MIC values of 64 μg/mL. The analysis of the antimicrobial results revealed that the type and position of the phenyl ring substituents greatly influence the antimicrobial activities of the synthesized compounds. Subsequently, molecular docking studies on E. coli species were performed to predict the interaction mode of these compounds in the active site of the receptor. Also, in silico ADME profile outputs showed that the compounds comply with the rule of five.
Photochemotherapeutic Properties of Cu(II) Complexes of L‐Lysine and L‐Arginine Appended to Anthracene
Authors: Banaspati Atrayee , Raza Md Kausar , Goswami Tridib K. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractCu(II) complexes of positively charged amino acids L–Lysine and L‐Arginine appended to an anthracene unit and phenanthroline bases, namely [Cu(Anth‐Lys)(L)(ClO4)] (1, 2) and [Cu(Anth‐Arg)(L)(ClO4)] (3, 4) where L is 1,10‐phenanthroline (phen, 1 and 3), dipyrido[3,2‐a : 2′,3′‐c]phenazine (dppz, 2 and 4) were synthesized and fully characterized by various spectral and analytical methods. Cu(II) centered broad and weak d‐d band in the visible region along with phenanthroline based π→π* and n→π* bands in the UV region were observed in the electronic spectra of the complexes recorded in DMF‐Tris‐HCl buffer (1 : 4 v/v) (pH 7.2). The complexes 1–4 show efficient DNA binding propensity. They also demonstrated strong binding affinity for human serum albumin (HSA). The complexes showed efficient visible light‐induced cytotoxicity against A549 (human lung carcinoma), HaCaT (human epidermal keratinocytes) and MDA‐MB‐231(human breast cancer cells) cells with low dark toxicity. They generate both singlet oxygen (1O2) and hydroxyl radical (⋅OH) as reactive oxygen species (ROS) upon excitation with visible light which is believed to be responsible for killing cancer cells. Significant changes in the nuclear morphology of the HaCaT cells were observed when treated with complexes 2 and 4 in visible light compared to the non‐irradiated cells.