bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exosomal miR-200c and miR-141 as cerebrospinal fluid biopsy biomarkers for the response to chemotherapy in primary central nervous system lymphoma
Authors: Hu Yao , Zhang Qingyun , Wu Zhiyuan , Chen Kun , Xu Xiao , Ma Weizhe , Chen Bobin , Jin Limin , Guan Ming 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
To improve early diagnosis and chemotherapy efficacy monitoring in primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL), cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) exosomal microRNA (miRNA) studies were performed.

Method
Small RNA sequencing was performed to identify candidate exosomal miRNAs as CSF biopsy biomarkers from two patients with de novo PCNSL and two patients in remission after chemotherapy. miR-200c and miR-141 expression in CSF exosomes was further validated using relative quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction in patients with PCNSL (n = 20), patients with other neurological diseases (n = 10), and normal subjects (n = 10). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses of miR-200c and miR-141 in the diagnosis and prediction of chemotherapy efficacy in PCNSL were performed in patients treated with methotrexate. Additionally, bioinformatics tools were utilized to predict the potential targets of miR-200c and miR-141.

Results
Exosomal miR-200c and miR-141 levels in CSF from patients with PCNSL were significantly lower than those in control subjects. Importantly, miR-200c and miR-141 were upregulated in patients with PCNSL after chemotherapy (P = 0.002). There was a significant correlation between the levels of miR-141 and IL-10 in CSF (P = 0.04). The combination of miR-200c and miR-141 yielded an area under the ROC curve of 0.761 for distinguishing PCNSL with sensitivity and specificity of 60.0% and 96.7%, respectively. The potential target genes of miR-200c and miR-141 in PCNSL included ATP1B3, DYNC1H1, MATR3, NUCKS1, ZNF638, NUDT4, RCN2, GNPDA1, ZBTB38, and DOLK.

Conclusion
Collectively, miR-200c and miR-141 are likely to be upregulated in CSF exosomes after chemotherapy in patients with PCNSL, highlighting their potential as reliable liquid biopsy biomarkers for PCNSL diagnosis and chemotherapy efficacy monitoring.
Holistic performance evaluation of a turbofan featuring pressure gain combustion for a short-range mission
Authors: Neumann Nicolai , Peitsch Dieter 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAviation is at the center of public interest because of its environmental impact, such as noise and pollutant emissions. Evolutionary technologies are not expected to be sufficient to contribute significantly to the 2050 CO2 emissions reduction targets. This could change if the constant pressure combustion of the Joule cycle could be replaced with a constant volume combustion (pressure gain combustion, PGC). However, PGC comes with a major drawback of a periodic, highly unsteady process that potentially reduces the stability and efficiency of the adjacent compressor and turbine. Furthermore, changes to the secondary air system (SAS) are required since the driving force of SAS stems from the pressure loss in the conventional combustor. Despite the lasting prevalence of pressure gain combustion, there is no whole system analysis taking into account not only the beneficial aspects of PGC, but also the detrimental effects on the SAS and turbo components. To close that gap, a zero-dimensional whole engine model is created. That model accounts for the individual effects of PGC. A comprehensive design methodology identifies optimum engine specifications for a short-range mission. By comparing the results of the PGC turbofan to a conventional turbofan, an SFC improvement of 3.3% was identified.
Wer profitiert von der Digitalisierung? Deutschlandweite Follow-up-Studie zu Entwicklungsverläufen und Unterschiedseffekten bei Beschäftigten verschiedener Industriebranchen und Tätigkeitsfelder
Authors: Härtwig Christian , Sapronova Anna , Sigmund Nils-Levin 
Published: November 2023

ZusammenfassungBei der Digitalisierung werden oft verschiedene Szenarien diskutiert wie eine mögliche Substitution, eine Polarisierung zwischen verschiedenen Qualifikationsniveaus oder ein allgemeines Upgrading von Arbeit; eine breite empirische Datenbasis fehlt jedoch zumeist. Mit dem „Monitor Digitalisierung“ liegt eine der größten deutschlandweiten Follow-up-Studien in verschiedenen Industriebranchen vor. In der Ersterhebung 2019 zeigte sich, dass die Digitalisierung noch am Anfang stand und geprägt war durch IKT. Bedeutsame Unterschiede lagen eher zwischen Blue- und White-Collar-Tätigkeitsfeldern als zwischen einzelnen Branchen. Bei der Zweitbefragung 2022 mit 11.316 Befragten aus 1559 Betrieben zeigte sich als allgemeiner Trend eine zunehmende IKT-Nutzung und digitale Unterstützung sowie stabil-positive Veränderungsbereitschaft und Digitale Selbstwirksamkeit, aber auch höhere Belastung, mäßige betriebliche Unterstützungsformen und zunehmende Kognitive Irritation. Digitalisierungsspezifische Unterschiede zwischen White- und Blue-Collar-Tätigkeitsfeldern verfestigten bzw. verstärkten sich: Meist profitierten von der Digitalisierung eher Beschäftigte aus IT, Leitung, Verwaltung oder Forschung und Entwicklung, während Beschäftigte aus Produktion, Technik, Logistik, Service und Labor ungünstigere Werte und Veränderungen berichteten. Für die Diskussion der Entwicklungsszenarien zeigte sich, dass allgemeine Substitutionsvermutungen derzeit eher zu verwerfen sind, die Entwicklungen vielmehr eher als zunehmende digitale Durchdringung und Diversifizierung angesehen werden kann.Praktische Relevanz: Es werden Disparitäten zwischen verschiedenen Beschäftigtengruppen aufgezeigt. Bei der Einführung digitaler Systeme sollten sowohl allgemein wirksame Effekte, als auch Belange spezifischer Tätigkeitsgruppen v. a. aus dem Blue-Collar-Bereich in den Blick genommen werden.
Zur Rechtslage in Deutschland bei Behandlungen des Genitales Minderjähriger
Authors: Plett Konstanze 
Published: November 2023

ZusammenfassungIm Mai 2021 wurde mit dem Gesetz zum Schutz von Kindern mit Varianten der Geschlechtsentwicklung ein neuer Paragraf in das Bürgerliche Gesetzbuch eingeführt, dessen Ziel es ist, das Selbstbestimmungsrecht auch von Kindern in Bezug auf ihre geschlechtliche Identität zu schützen. Medizinische Behandlungen, die „das körperliche Erscheinungsbild des Kindes an das des männlichen oder des weiblichen Geschlechts anzupassen“ zur einzigen Folge haben, sollen ohne Einwilligung des Kindes nur dann vorgenommen werden dürfen, wenn die Behandlung nicht bis zur Einwilligungsfähigkeit des Kindes aufgeschoben werden kann. Die komplizierten Ausnahmeregelungen werden im Kontext der Entstehungsgeschichte dieses Gesetzes näher dargestellt. Dabei wird das Augenmerk auch darauf gerichtet, was von Mediziner_innen zu beachten ist.
Navigating the multiple dimensions of the creativity-mental disorder link: a Convergence Mental Health perspective
Authors: Angeler David G. , Smith Erin , Berk Michael , Ibáñez Agustín , Eyre Harris A. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
This paper discusses a paradox in mental health. It manifests as a relationship between adverse “bad” effects (suffering, clinical costs, loss of productivity) in individuals and populations and advantageous “good” aspects of mental disorders. These beneficial aspects (scientific, artistic and political accomplishments) emanate at the societal level through the frequently unprecedented creativity of people suffering from mental disorders and their relatives. Such gains can contribute to societal innovation and problem-solving. Especially in times of accelerated social-ecological change, approaches are needed that facilitate best-possible mental health care but also recognize creative ideas conducive to beneficial clinical and social-ecological innovations as soon as possible.

Discussion
This paper emphasizes the need to account for creativity as a crucial component in evolving mental health systems and societies. It highlights the need for wide-ranging approaches and discusses how research targeting multiple facets (e.g., brain level, cognitive neuroscience, psychiatry, neurology, socio-cultural, economic and other factors) might further our understanding of the creativity-mental disorder link and its importance for innovating mental health systems and societies.

Conclusion
Our discussion clarifies that considerable research will be needed to obtain a better understanding of how creativity associated with mental disorders may help to create more sustainable societies on a fast-changing planet through innovative ideas. Given the current-state-of-the-art of research and healthcare management, our discussion is currently speculative. However, it provides a basis for how pros and cons might be studied in the future through transdisciplinary research and collaborations across sectors of society.
Land reclamation increased organic P fractions and phosphatase activities, and strengthened the co-occurrence networks of phoD community in calcareous soils
Authors: Zhang Licun , Zhang Guoqiao , Hu Baowei , Chu Guixin 
Published: November 2023

AbstractOrganic phosphorus (Po) is an important constituent of P pool. Soil phoD community is primarily involved Po transformation. However, influences of agriculturally-driven land-use change on different Po fractions, phosphatase activities and phoD community are largely unknown. Here, an investigation was carried out containing three treatments: vegetable field (VF), cropland (CF) and uncultivated land (UL). Various Po fractions were measured by Hedley’s sequential extraction and 31P-NMR methods. The activities of alkaline phosphomonoesterase (ALP), acid phosphomonoesterase (ACP), phosphodiesterase activity (PD) and phytase were assayed; the abundance, and diversity of phoD community and its co-occurrence networks were analyzed. Compared with the UL treatment, soil total organic P (total-Po) in the VF and CF treatments significantly increased by 75.9% and 53.0%, respectively, mainly attributed to the increases in NaHCO3-Po, NaOH-Po and C.HCl-Po. 31P-NMR spectra showed that, when land was reclaimed from uncultivated land into agriculture fields (i.e., VF and CF), myo-inositol hexaphosphate (myo-IHP), α-glycerophosphate (α-glyc) and β-glycerophosphate (β-glyc) were increased by 9.5, 3.9 and 2.0 times, respectively. The activities of ACP, ALP and PD in the VF and CF treatments were higher than in the UL treatment. The α-diversity of phoD community was also significantly increased by land reclamation. Moreover, the linkage between soil Po and Po-cycling-related biological parameters (ACP, ALP and PD and phoD community) was more pronounced by NaHCO3-Po and NaOH-Po than the Po fractions measured by 31P-NMR method. Topological parameters (edges, node degree, and betweenness centrality) of phoD community’s network in the VF and CF networks were higher than in the UL network, implying that land reclamation favored to construct a more cooperative network of phoD community. Collectively, our findings demonstrated that when uncultivated land was converted to cropland, soil Po was notably increased, and phoD community’s co-occurrence network was also strengthened. The outcomes of this study emphasize that when land was reclaimed from nature (uncultivated land) into agriculture fields, the fertilization strategy of organic combined with chemical fertilizers application was beneficial for improving P fertility and assembling organic P-cycling related community.
European Union Regulation of Water Stress Risks
Authors: Stupazzini Riccardo 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWater stress is a growing concern in Europe, partly due to the changing climate context. Despite the cross-cutting impacts that water availability has on different areas under the competence of the European Union (EU), there is not currently a comprehensive and systematic legal framework addressing this issue. The purpose of this article is therefore to examine the EU legislation that concerns the measures aimed at mitigating these risks. To this purpose, it is first examined how droughts and water scarcity are framed within EU legal acts. Based on such an overview, the analysis is directed to the mechanisms developed at the EU level for monitoring, identifying and forecasting water stress risks, as well as the legal provisions relating to the planning tools. The remainder of the article is devoted to the regulation of preventative measures for water scarcity and drought risk reduction, following the water hierarchy resulting from COM(2007) 414.
Running from depression: the antidepressant-like potential of prenatal and pre-pubertal exercise in adolescent FSL rats exposed to an early-life stressor
Authors: Whitney Ashleigh J. , Lindeque Zander , Kruger Ruan , Steyn Stephan F. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjective:We aimed to answer the questions of whether early-life (perinatal and/or juvenile) exercise can induce antidepressant-like effects in a validated rodent model of depression, and whether such early-life intervention could prevent or reverse the adverse effects of early-life stress in their offspring.Methods:Male and female Flinders sensitive line rats born to a dam that exercised during gestation, or not, were either maternally separated between PND02 and 16 and weaned on PND17 or not. Half of these animals then underwent a fourteen-day low-intensity exercise regimen from PND22. Baseline depressive-like behaviour was assessed on PND21 and then reassessed on PND36, whereafter hippocampal monoamine levels, redox state markers and metabolic markers relevant to mitochondrial function were measured.Results:Pre-pubertal exercise was identified as the largest contributing factor to the observed effects, where it decreased immobility time in the FST by 6%, increased time spent in the open arms of the EPM by 9%. Hippocampal serotonin and norepinephrine levels were also increased by 35% and 26%, respectively, whilst nicotinic acid was significantly decreased.Conclusion:These findings suggest that pre-pubertal low-intensity exercise induces beneficial biological alterations that could translate into antidepressant behaviour in genetically susceptible individuals.
Tensions on the Railway: West Indians, Colonial Hierarchies, and the Language of Racial Unity in West Africa
Authors: Janzen Philip 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBeginning in 1900, colonial railway departments in Sierra Leone, the Gold Coast, and Nigeria began turning to the Caribbean for skilled labor instead of hiring African workers. When West Indian railway workers began to arrive in West Africa, Africans were indignant, and they voiced their objections in newspapers. West Indians sometimes responded to these grievances with calls for racial unity, yet their appeals were inflected with colonial hierarchies. Such exchanges were centered on railway jobs, but they were also embedded in larger discussions about empire, race, and the legacies of the transatlantic slave trade. I argue that these exchanges reveal the significance of colonial hierarchies and diasporic tensions in the intellectual history of pan-Africanism in early twentieth-century West Africa. The article draws on newspapers and archival research from West Africa, the Caribbean, and the UK.
Byssoloma orientale (Pilocarpaceae, Ascomycota), a new species from East Asia
Authors: Miyazawa Kento , Ohmura Yoshihito 
Published: November 2023

AbstractA new species, Byssoloma orientale K. Miyaz. & Y. Ohmura, is described from East Asia. It is characterized by a minutely farinose light green thallus, apothecia with a well-developed byssoid margin that spreads laterally over the thallus surface, a pure black apothecial disc caused by the presence of an aeruginous pigment in the epithecium, (7–)9–12(–17)-septate cylindrical colourless ascospores, and oblong conidia. This species grows on living leaves as well as on tree bark. The molecular phylogenetic position of B. orientale within this genus was inferred based on mtSSU sequences, and the species was shown to be closely related to B. vanderystii, which has up to 7-septate ascospores and an absence of aeruginous pigment in the epithecium.
The optimal frozen embryo transfer strategy for the recurrent implantation failure patient without blastocyst freezing: thawing day 3 embryos and culturing to day 5 blastocysts
Authors: Li Xiang , Zeng Youman , He Juan , Luo Bowen , Lu Xiongcai , Zhu Lingling , Yang Zengyu , Cai Fuman , Chen Sheng-ao , Luo Yudi 
Published: November 2023

SummaryThis study aimed to investigate the optimal frozen embryo transfer (FET) strategy for recurrent implantation failure (RIF) patients with three consecutive failed cleaved embryo implantations and no blastocyst preservation. This retrospective analysis was divided into three groups based on the FET strategy: thawed day 3 embryo transfer (D3 FET group); and extended culture of frozen–thawed day 3 embryos to day 5 blastocysts transfer (D3–D5 FET group); thawed blastocyst transfer (D5 FET group). Transplant cycle data were compared between the three groups. In total, 43.8% of vitrified–thawed cleavage embryos developed into blastocysts. Analysis of the three transplantation strategies showed that, compared with the D3 FET group, D3–D5 had a significantly better hCG-positivity rate and live-birth rate (P < 0.05). Pregnancy outcomes in the D3–D5 FET group and D5 FET group were similar regarding hCG-positivity rate, implantation rate, clinical pregnancy rate, and live-birth rate. Our findings propose two potentially valuable transfer strategies for patients experiencing repeated implantation failures. The D3–D5 FET approach presents a greater potential for selecting promising embryos in cases without blastocyst preservation; however, this strategy does entail the risk of cycle cancellation. Conversely, in instances where blastocyst preservation is an option, prioritizing consideration of the D5 FET strategy is recommended.
Magnetic seizure therapy and electroconvulsive therapy increase aperiodic activity
Authors: Smith Sydney E. , Kosik Eena L. , van Engen Quirine , Kohn Jordan , Hill Aron T. , Zomorrodi Reza , Blumberger Daniel M. , Daskalakis Zafiris J. , Hadas Itay , Voytek Bradley 
Published: November 2023

AbstractMajor depressive disorder (MDD) is a leading cause of disability worldwide. One of the most efficacious treatments for treatment-resistant MDD is electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). Recently, magnetic seizure therapy (MST) was developed as an alternative to ECT due to its more favorable side effect profile. While these approaches have been very successful clinically, the neural mechanisms underlying their therapeutic effects are unknown. For example, clinical “slowing” of the electroencephalogram beginning in the postictal state and extending days to weeks post-treatment has been observed in both treatment modalities. However, a recent longitudinal study of a small cohort of ECT patients revealed that, rather than delta oscillations, clinical slowing was better explained by increases in aperiodic activity, an emerging EEG signal linked to neural inhibition. Here we investigate the role of aperiodic activity in a cohort of patients who received ECT and a cohort of patients who received MST treatment. We find that aperiodic neural activity increases significantly in patients receiving either ECT or MST. Although not directly related to clinical efficacy in this dataset, increased aperiodic activity is linked to greater amounts of neural inhibition, which is suggestive of a potential shared neural mechanism of action across ECT and MST.
Soliton confinement in a quantum circuit
Authors: Roy Ananda , Lukyanov Sergei L. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractConfinement of topological excitations into particle-like states - typically associated with theories of elementary particles - are known to occur in condensed matter systems, arising as domain-wall confinement in quantum spin chains. However, investigation of confinement in the condensed matter setting has rarely ventured beyond lattice spin systems. Here we analyze the confinement of sine-Gordon solitons into mesonic bound states in a perturbed quantum sine-Gordon model. The latter describes the scaling limit of a one-dimensional, quantum electronic circuit (QEC) array, constructed using experimentally-demonstrated QEC elements. The scaling limit is reached faster for the QEC array compared to spin chains, allowing investigation of the strong-coupling regime of this model. We compute the string tension of confinement of sine-Gordon solitons and the changes in the low-lying energy spectrum. These results, obtained using the density matrix renormalization group method, could be verified in a quench experiment using state-of-the-art QEC technologies.
ProRefiner: an entropy-based refining strategy for inverse protein folding with global graph attention
Authors: Zhou Xinyi , Chen Guangyong , Ye Junjie , Wang Ercheng , Zhang Jun , Mao Cong , Li Zhanwei , Hao Jianye , Huang Xingxu , Tang Jin , Heng Pheng Ann 
Published: November 2023

AbstractInverse Protein Folding (IPF) is an important task of protein design, which aims to design sequences compatible with a given backbone structure. Despite the prosperous development of algorithms for this task, existing methods tend to rely on noisy predicted residues located in the local neighborhood when generating sequences. To address this limitation, we propose an entropy-based residue selection method to remove noise in the input residue context. Additionally, we introduce ProRefiner, a memory-efficient global graph attention model to fully utilize the denoised context. Our proposed method achieves state-of-the-art performance on multiple sequence design benchmarks in different design settings. Furthermore, we demonstrate the applicability of ProRefiner in redesigning Transposon-associated transposase B, where six out of the 20 variants we propose exhibit improved gene editing activity.
Kondo screening in a Majorana metal
Authors: Lee S. , Choi Y. S. , Do S.-H. , Lee W. , Lee C. H. , Lee M. , Vojta M. , Wang C. N. , Luetkens H. , Guguchia Z. , Choi K.-Y. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractKondo impurities provide a nontrivial probe to unravel the character of the excitations of a quantum spin liquid. In the S = 1/2 Kitaev model on the honeycomb lattice, Kondo impurities embedded in the spin-liquid host can be screened by itinerant Majorana fermions via gauge-flux binding. Here, we report experimental signatures of metallic-like Kondo screening at intermediate temperatures in the Kitaev honeycomb material α-RuCl3 with dilute Cr3+ (S = 3/2) impurities. The static magnetic susceptibility, the muon Knight shift, and the muon spin-relaxation rate all feature logarithmic divergences, a hallmark of a metallic Kondo effect. Concurrently, the linear coefficient of the magnetic specific heat is large in the same temperature regime, indicating the presence of a host Majorana metal. This observation opens new avenues for exploring uncharted Kondo physics in insulating quantum magnets.