bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Serratus Anterior Fascia for Immediate Implant-Based Breast Reconstruction
Authors: Chen Ying , Yang Can , Yang Sujuan , Chen Xia , Huang Liying 
Published: December 2023

Objective
After immediate implant-based breast reconstruction (IIBR) after mastectomy, implant exposure or capsular contracture can occur. This study aimed to evaluate IIBR using serratus anterior fascia in patients with breast cancer.

Methods
This retrospective case series study enrolled patients with breast cancer underwent IIBR using the serratus anterior fascia after mastectomy in the Department of Breast Surgery of Fujian Cancer Hospital between January 2021 and December 2022.

Results
Sixty-five cases with breast cancer underwent IIBR using serratus anterior fascia were enrolled, with a median age of 39 years (range, 24–57 years) and body mass index of 21.32 kg/m2 (range, 19–25 kg/m2). The aesthetic outcomes of the reconstructed breasts showed good in 53 cases (81.6%), moderate in 11 cases (16.9%), and poor in 1 case (1.5%) due to offset position. Two cases showed poor wound healing, which improved after repeat suturing and 5 cases developed partial ischemic necrosis of the nipple, which scabbed and healed spontaneously.

Conclusions
Implant-based breast reconstruction using serratus anterior fascia may provide good aesthetic outcomes with few complications.
A recurrent neural network and parallel hidden Markov model algorithm to segment and detect heart murmurs in phonocardiograms
Authors: McDonald Andrew , Gales Mark JF , Agarwal Anurag 
Published: December 2023

AbstractDetection of heart disease using a stethoscope requires significant skill and time, making it expensive and impractical for widespread screening in low-resource environments. Machine learning analysis of heart sound recordings can improve upon the accessibility and accuracy of diagnoses, but existing approaches require further validation on larger and more representative clinical datasets. For many previous algorithms, segmenting the signal into its individual sound components is a key first step. However, segmentation algorithms often struggle to find S1 or S2 sounds in the presence of strong murmurs or noise that significantly alter or mask the expected sound. Segmentation errors then propagate to the subsequent disease classifier steps. We propose a novel recurrent neural network and hidden semi-Markov model (HSMM) algorithm that can both segment the signal and detect a heart murmur, removing the need for a two-stage algorithm. This algorithm formed the ‘CUED Acoustics’ entry to the 2022 George B. Moody PhysioNet challenge, where it won the first prize in both the challenge tasks. The algorithm’s performance exceeded that of many end-to-end deep learning approaches that struggled to generalise to new test data. As our approach both segments the heart sound and detects a murmur, it can provide interpretable predictions for a clinician. The model also estimates the signal quality of the recording, which may be useful for a screening environment where non-experts are using a stethoscope. These properties make the algorithm a promising tool for screening of abnormal heart murmurs.Author summaryThe use of machine learning algorithms to detect heart disease from sound recordings has great potential to enable widespread and low-skill screening, improving early detection and treatment. The area has seen increasing interest in recent years, with many novel algorithms inspired by deep learning advancements in other fields. However, the size of heart sound datasets remains small, making deep learning models particularly susceptible to overfitting. In addition, the performance of these algorithms has rarely been directly compared on unseen data. We describe a novel lightweight algorithm to detect and classify murmurs in heart sound recordings. This algorithm was the winning entry into the George B. Moody PhysioNet 2022 challenge, beating many complex deep-learning approaches. Our approach both detects and localises the murmur, providing an interpretable result for a clinician.
Unpredictable chaos or an individual stable habit – a correlational analysis of repeatedly assessed tooth brushing behavior
Authors: Weik Ulrike , Sämann Thorben , Eidenardt Zdenka , Subramanian Sadhvi Shankar , Wöstmann Bernd , Margraf-Stiksrud Jutta , Deinzer Renate 
Published: December 2023

AbstractEffective tooth brushing is an important part of maintaining good oral health. Epidemiological data indicate that people have difficulties to achieve oral cleanliness when brushing their teeth. Various cross-sectional studies therefore observed people while brushing and found some widespread behavioral deficits like neglect of inner surfaces and inconsistent brushing movements. Yet, longitudinal studies are missing that explore, whether people show these deficits consistently over time. To clarify this, the intra-individual stability of tooth brushing performance was investigated by repeated observation of n = 105 students at two brushing appointments (T1/T2) two weeks apart. Half of them (n = 52) were instructed to brush to the best of their ability and the other half to brush as usual (n = 53). Calibrated observers analyzed brushing behavior with respect to brushing duration, brushing movements (horizontal, circular, vertical), brushing time on tooth surfaces (outer, inner, occlusal), and distribution of time across sextants. Correlational analyses revealed a high intra-individual stability of all parameters under both instructions. Correlation coefficients varied between r = 0.72 (horizontal movements at outer surfaces) and r = 0.93 (total tooth contact time). Results indicate that people develop very specific individual toothbrushing patterns. It is important that preventive measures take into account the challenge of changing such established habits. Healthcare professionals and patients alike need to recognize this challenge when addressing oral hygiene deficiencies.
The influence of home versus clinic anal human papillomavirus sampling on high-resolution anoscopy uptake in the Prevent Anal Cancer Self-Swab Study
Authors: Nitkowski Jenna , Ridolfi Timothy J. , Lundeen Sarah J. , Giuliano Anna R. , Chiao Elizabeth , Fernandez Maria E. , Schick Vanessa , Smith Jennifer S. , Brzezinski Bridgett , Nyitray Alan G. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundAnal cancer disproportionately affects men who have sex with men (MSM) living with HIV. High-resolution anoscopy (HRA) is an in-clinic procedure to detect precancerous anal lesions and cancer, yet prospective data on factors associated with HRA attendance are lacking. We examined whether anal HPV sampling at home versus in a clinic impacts HRA uptake and assessed HRA acceptability.MethodMSM and trans persons 25 years and older were randomized to home-based self-sampling or clinical sampling. All were asked to attend in-clinic HRA one year later. We regressed HRA attendance on study arm using multivariable Poisson regression and assessed HRA acceptability usingχ2tests.Results62.8% of 196 participants who engaged in screening attended HRA. Although not significant (p=0.13), a higher proportion of participants who engaged in clinic-based screening attended HRA (68.5%) compared to home-based participants (57.9%). Overall, HRA uptake was higher among participants with anal cytology history (aRR 1.44, 95% CI 1.11 – 1.87) and lower among participants preferring versatile anal sex position versus insertive (aRR 0.70, 95% CI 0.53 – 0.91), but did not differ by race or HIV serostatus. In the clinic arm, persons living with HIV had lower HRA attendance (42.9%) versus HIV-negative participants (73.3%) (p=0.02) and Black non-Hispanic participants had lower HRA attendance (41.7%) than White non-Hispanic participants (73.1%), (p=0.04); however, no differences in attendance by race or HIV status were observed in the home arm.ConclusionsHRA uptake differed significantly by race and HIV status in the clinic arm but not the home arm.
Deep Learning in Magnetic Resonance Enterography for Crohn’s Disease Assessment: A Systematic Review
Authors: Brem Ofir , Elisha David , Konen Eli , Amitai Michal , Klang Eyal 
Published: December 2023

AbstractCrohn’s disease (CD) poses significant morbidity, underscoring the need for effective, non-invasive inflammatory assessment using magnetic resonance enterography (MRE).This literature review evaluates recent publications on deep learning’s role in enhancing MRE segmentation, image quality, and visualization of inflammatory activity related to CD.We searched MEDLINE/PUBMED for studies that reported the use of deep learning algorithms for assessment of CD activity. The study was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines. The risk of bias was evaluated using the QUADAS_J2 tool.Five eligible studies, encompassing 468 subjects, were identified.Our study suggests that diverse deep learning applications, including image quality enhancement, bowel segmentation, and motility measurement are useful and promising for CD assessment. However, most of the studies are preliminary, retrospective studies, and have a high risk of bias in at least one category.Future research is needed to assess how automated deep learning can impact patient care, especially when considering the increasing integration of these models into hospital systems.
Using the illness-death model to estimate age- and sex-standardized incidence rates of diabetes in Mexico from 2003 to 2015
Authors: Silverman-Retana Omar , Brinks Ralph , Hoyer Annika , Witte Daniel R. , Tönnies Thaddäus 
Published: December 2023

AbstractObjectivesTo estimate the age-specific and age-standardized incidence rate of diabetes for men and women in Mexico between 2003 and 2015, and to assess the relative change in incidence of diabetes between 2003 and 2015.MethodsWe use a partial differential equation describing the illness-death model to estimate the incidence rate (IR) of diabetes for the years 2003, 2009 and 2015 based on prevalence data from National Health Surveys conducted in Mexico, the mortality rate of the Mexican general population and plausible input values for age-specific mortality rate ratios associated with diabetes.ResultsThe age-standardized IR of diabetes per 1000 person years (pryr) was similar among men (IRm) and women (IRw) in the year 2003 (IRm 6.1 vs. IRw 6.5 1000/pryr), 2009 (IRm: 7.0 vs. IRw: 8.4 1000/pryr), and in 2015 (IRm 8.0 vs. IRw 10.6 1000/pryr).ConclusionsThe incidence rate of diabetes in Mexico between the years 2003 and 2015 remained stable. However, rates were markedly higher among women in the age group 40-49 and 50-59 in the year 2015 compared with rates in 2003.
Evaluation of a training course for general practitioners within the Melanoma Multimedia Education Programme of the Italian Melanoma Intergroup: study protocol
Authors: Stanganelli Ignazio , Magi Serena , Bucchi Lauro , Crocetti Emanuele , Mancini Silvia , Vattiato Rosa , Falcinelli Stefano , Re Patrizia , Melandri Davide , Brusasco Marco , Gandini Sara , Falcini Fabio , Zamagni Federica ,   the FAD MelaMEd Working Group
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe text discusses the role of general practitioners (GPs) in the prevention and early diagnosis of melanoma, a type of skin cancer. It highlights the need for GPs to be able to recognize suspicious skin lesions and refer patients to specialist dermatology centers. However, many GPs lack comprehensive training in diagnosing melanoma. The text mentions that various training courses have been conducted for GPs, but their impact on clinical practice has been limited.The “MelaMEd Programme” is an e-learning course developed by the Italian Melanoma Intergroup (IMI). The program aims to provide GPs with comprehensive knowledge of melanoma prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. It includes an e-learning section and a dedicated platform called MelaMEd platform, which offers a multimedia atlas of melanoma.The objective of the study is to evaluate the impact of the MelaMEd programme on GPs’ diagnostic accuracy, knowledge of melanoma, and management of suspicious lesions. The methodology involves administering pre-training and post-training questionnaires to participants, assessing their diagnostic skills and evaluating the training course’s effectiveness.The study aims to demonstrate the effectiveness of the MelaMEd programme in improving GPs’ ability to recognize and manage melanoma. It also seeks to identify areas for improvement and recommend interventions to enhance diagnostic accuracy. The results will be analyzed statistically using descriptive, univariate, and multivariate analysis methods.
Investigating the spatial accessibility and coverage of the pediatric COVID-19 vaccine: an ecologic study of regional health data
Authors: Bemanian Amin , Mosser Jonathan F 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic presented healthcare workers and public health agency a unique challenge of having to rapidly deliver a novel set of vaccines during a public health crisis. For pediatric patients, there was an additional layer of complexity given the delayed timeline to deliver these vaccines and the differences in dosing and available products depending on the age of those receiving the vaccine. This paper investigates the spatial accessibility and uptake of the COVID-19 vaccine in King County, WA, USA.MethodsPublic data for COVID-19 vaccine sites to calculate spatial accessibility using an enhanced two step floating catchment area (E2SFCA) technique. Spatial regression analyses were done looking at the relationship between spatial accessibility and ZIP code level vaccination rates. Relationships with other socioeconomic and demographic variables were calculated as well.FindingsHigher rates of vaccine accessibility and vaccine coverage were found in adolescent (12 to 17-year-old) individuals relative to school age (5 to 11-year-old) individuals. Vaccine accessibility was positively associated with coverage in both age groups in the univariable analysis. This relationship was affected by neighborhood educational attainment.InterpretationThis paper successfully demonstrates how spatial accessibility measures such as E2SFCA can be used to assess the availability of the COVID-19 vaccine in a region such as a metropolitan area or county. It also provides insight into some of the ecological factors that affect COVID-19 vaccination rates. Implementation of these technique could help public health authorities and healthcare organization plan future vaccination efforts.
Resistance to cortical amyloid-beta associates with cognitive health in centenarians
Authors: Rohde Susan K. , Fierro-Hernández Patricia , Rozemuller Annemieke J.M. ,   Netherlands Brain Bank, Lorenz Linda M.C. , Zhang Meng , Graat Marieke , van der Hoorn Myke , Daatselaar Dominique , Hulsman Marc , Scheltens Philip , Sikkes Sietske A.M. , Hoozemans Jeroen J.M. , Holstege Henne 
Published: December 2023

BACKGROUNDAmyloid-beta(Aβ)-plaques accumulate in non-demented individuals, particularly at advanced ages. The unclear association between Aβ-pathology and cognition in elderly raises the question whether Aβ-pathology should be considered a benign consequence of aging.METHODSPost-mortem brains of 95 centenarians and 27 Alzheimer’s disease(AD) patients were evaluated for Aβ-plaque distribution according to the Thal phase and quantitative Aβ-load in the neocortex. For centenarians, Aβ-pathology was correlated toAPOE-genotype and performance on 12 cognitive tests administered shortly before death.FINDINGSWhile 35% of centenarians exhibited Aβ-loads similar to AD patients, cortical Aβ-load was limited in 65% of centenarians, some of which had the highest Thal phase. Cortical Aβ-load, as opposed to Thal phase, associated withAPOE-genotype and cognitive performance in centenarians.DISCUSSIONDespite increasing Aβ-accumulation in various brain regions with age, actual Aβ-loads remain low in cognitively healthy centenarians. Therefore, Aβ-pathology in the oldest-old may not be considered a benign consequence of aging.
Exposure to Wood dust and its Respiratory Health Effects Among Wood Workers in Yaoundé (Cameroon)
Authors: Takougang Innocent , Bukam Guemnyen Gilles Wilfried , Edzamba Michel Franck , Lekeumo Cheuyem Fabrice Zobel , Assomo Ndemba Peguy Brice , Pefura Walter Yone 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundOccupational respiratory diseases are responsible of one-third of all documented work-related deaths. Exposure to wood dust leads to multiple respiratory manifestations including cough, chest pain, asthma and altered lung function. The aim of this study was to assess the level of exposure to wood dust and its respiratory health correlates among woodworkers in Yaoundé.MethodologyThe present descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in 37 carpentry workshops in the city of Yaoundé. From October 2021 to February 2022. The geographical site selection was purposeful, taking into account areas with large numbers of workers and woodworker shop. Woodworker shops were enumerated and randomly selected. Respiratory manifestations were assessed upon a clinical respiratory examination involving cough, expectoration, wheezing and dyspnea. The force expiratory volume was determined using a dry spirometer. Statistical analyses were performed using IBM SPSS version 23.0 software; tables and graphs were generated using Excel 2013 software. The significance level was set at 0.05.ResultsThe study population was exclusively male, with a mean age of 34.04 ± 11.69 years. With 15.02 ± 12 years of woodwork experience. The respiratory symptoms reported were cough that was productive (41.8%) or dry (33.6%), chest pain (34.4%), dyspnea (41%) and wheezing (15.6%). The lung function decreased among the duration of woodwork experience.ConclusionRespiratory manifestation among woodworkers were reported. And there is a urgent need to implement woodwork safety measures including education on exposure and adherence to protective measure.
Preliminary Insights into the Effects of Spinal Manipulation Therapy of Different Force Magnitudes on Blood Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress and Pro-Resolution of Inflammation Mediators
Authors: Duarte Felipe C. K. , Funabashi Martha , Starmer David , Partata Wania A. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIntroductionEvidence has reported that spinal manipulation therapy (SMT) leads to spine segmental hypoalgesia through neurophysiological and peripheral mechanisms related to regulating inflammatory biomarker function. However, these studies also showed substantial inter-individual variability in the biomarker responses. Such variability may be due to the incomplete understanding of the fundamental effects of force-based manipulations (e.g., patient-specific force-time characteristics) on a person’s physiology in health and disease. This study investigated the short-term effects of distinct SMT force-time characteristics on blood oxidative stress and pro-resolution of inflammation biomarkers.MethodsNineteen healthy adults were clustered into three groups: control (preload only), target total peak force of 400N, and 800N. A validated force-sensing table technology (FSTT®) determined the SMT force-time characteristics. Blood samples were collected at pre-intervention, immediately after SMT, and 20 minutes post-intervention. Parameters of the oxidant system (total oxidant status, lipid peroxidation and lipid hydroperoxide), the antioxidant system (total antioxidant capacity and bilirubin), and lipid-derived resolvin D1 were evaluated in plasma and erythrocytes through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and colorimetric assays.ResultsOverall, 400N seemed to decrease blood oxidants, and 800N generally increased blood oxidants, decreased antioxidants and resolvin D1 mediatorConclusionOur findings indicate that different single SMT force-time characteristics presented contrasting effects on the systemic redox signalling biomarkers and pro-resolution of inflammation mediators in healthy participants, providing baseline information and direction for future studies in a clinical population.
Modeling the simultaneous dynamics of proteins in blood plasma and the cerebrospinal fluid in humanin vivo
Authors: Giroux Pierre , Vialaret Jérôme , Kindermans Jana , Gabelle Audrey , Bauchet Luc , Hirtz Christophe , Lehmann Sylvain , Colinge Jacques 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACTThe analysis of protein dynamics or turnover in patients has the potential to reveal altered protein recycling such as in Alzheimer disease, and to provide informative data regarding drug efficacy, or certain biological processes. The observed protein dynamics in a solid tissue or a fluid is the net result of protein synthesis and degradation, but also transport across biological compartments. We report an accurate 3-biological compartment model able simultaneously account for the protein dynamics observed in blood plasma and the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) including a hidden central nervous system (CNS) compartment. We successfully applied this model to 69 proteins of a single individual displaying similar or very different dynamics in plasma and CSF. This study put a strong emphasis on the methods and tools needed develop this type of model. We believe it will be useful to any researcher dealing with protein dynamics data modeling.
Cross-Species Variability in Lobular Geometry and Cytochrome P450 Hepatic Zonation: Insights into CYP1A2, CYP2E1, CYP2D6 and CYP3A4
Authors: Albadry Mohamed , Küttner Jonas , Grzegorzewski Jan , Dirsch Olaf , Kindler Eva , Klopfleisch Robert , Liska Vaclav , Moulisova Vladimira , Nickel Sandra , Palek Richard , Rosendorf Jachym , Saalfeld Sylvia , Settmacher Utz , Tautenhahn Hans-Michael , König Matthias , Dahmen Uta 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis study explores the critical interplay between lobular geometry and the zonated distribution of cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes across species. We present an innovative approach to assess lobular geometry and zonation patterns using whole slide imaging (WSI). This method allows a detailed, systematic comparison of lobular structures and spatial distribution of key CYP450 enzymes and glutamine synthetase in four different species (mouse, rat, pig, and human). Our results shed light on species differences in lobular geometry and enzymatic zonation, providing critical insights for drug metabolism research. Based on our approach we could determine the minimum number of lobules required for a statistically representative analysis, an important piece of information when evaluating liver biopsies and deriving information from WSI.