bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Manganese superoxide dismutase‐plasmid/liposome (MnSOD‐PL) administration protects mice from esophagitis associated with fractionated radiation
Authors: Epperly Michael W. , Kagan Valerian E. , Sikora Christine A. , Gretton Joan E. , Defilippi Stacy J. , Bar‐Sagi Dapha , Greenberger Joel S. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIntraesophageal administration of manganese superoxide dismutase‐plasmid/liposome (MnSOD‐PL) prior to single fraction radiation has been shown to protect mice from lethal esophagitis. In our study, C3H/HeNsd mice received fractionated radiation in two protocols: (i) 18 Gy daily for four days with MnSOD‐PL administration 24 hr prior to the first and third fraction, or (ii) 12 Gy daily for six days with MnSOD‐PL 24 hr prior to the first, third, and fifth fraction. Control radiated mice received either no liposomes only or LacZ (bacterial β‐galactosidase gene)‐plasmid/liposome (LacZ‐PL) by the same schedules. We measured thiol depletion and lipid peroxidation (LP) in whole esophagus and tested the effectiveness of a new plasmid, hemagglutinin (HA) epitope‐tagged MnSOD (HA‐MnSOD). In fractionation protocols, mice receiving MnSOD‐PL, but not LacZ‐PL (200 μl of plasmid/liposomes containing 200 μg of plasmid DNA), showed a significant reduction in morbidity, decreased weight loss, and improved survival. Four and seven days after 37 Gy single fraction radiation, the esophagus demonstrated a significant increase in peroxidized lipids and reduction in overall antioxidant levels, reduced thiols, and decreased glutathione (GSH). These reductions were modulated by MnSOD‐PL administration. The HA‐MnSOD plasmid product was detected in the basal layers of the esophageal epithelium 24 hr after administration and provided significant radiation protection compared to glutathione peroxidase‐plasmid/liposome (GPX‐PL), or liposomes containing MnSOD protein, vitamin E, co‐enzyme Q10, or 21‐aminosteroid. Thus, MnSOD‐PL administration significantly improved tolerance to fractionated radiation and modulated radiation effects on levels of GSH and lipid peroxidation (LP). These studies provide further support for translation of MnSOD‐PL treatment into human esophageal radiation protection. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
High BRCA2 mRNA expression predicts poor prognosis in breast cancer patients
Authors: Egawa Chiyomi , Miyoshi Yasuo , Taguchi Tetsuya , Tamaki Yasuhiro , Noguchi Shinzaburo 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe prognostic significance of BRCA2 mRNA levels in tumor tissues was studied in sporadic breast cancer patients. BRCA2 mRNA levels were determined by real‐time PCR. Histologic grade III tumors showed significantly (p = 0.001) higher BRCA2 mRNA levels (0.828 ± 0.102 BRCA2/β‐glucuronidase mRNA ratio, mean ± SE) than histologic grade I and II tumors (0.438 ± 0.055) and estrogen receptor (ER)‐negative tumors (0.773 ± 0.102) showed a nonsignificant (p = 0.072) trend toward an increase in BRCA2 mRNA levels compared to ER‐positive tumors (0.541 ± 0.079). Other clinicopathologic parameters, such as menopausal status, lymph node status and tumor size, were not significantly associated with BRCA2 mRNA levels. Patients with high BRCA2 mRNA levels showed a significantly (p = 0.006) lower 5‐year disease free survival rate (63%) than those with low levels (94%). Lymph node metastases, ER negativity and high histologic grade were also significantly (p < 0.05) associated with poor prognosis. Multivariate analysis revealed that BRCA2 mRNA levels were a significant prognostic factor, being independent of the other conventional prognostic factors. Our results suggest that BRCA2 mRNA levels might serve as a clinically useful prognostic factor in breast cancer patients. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Distinct chromosomal imbalances in pleomorphic and in high‐grade dedifferentiated liposarcomas
Authors: Rieker Ralf J. , Joos Stefan , Bartsch Christine , Willeke Frank , Schwarzbach Matthias , Otaño‐Joos Marta , Ohl Sybille , Högel Josef , Lehnert Thomas , Lichter Peter , Otto Herwart F. , Mechtersheimer Gunhild 
Published: August 2002

AbstractUsing comparative genomic hybridization, DNA copy number changes were studied in 14 pleomorphic liposarcomas and compared to those detected in high‐grade areas of 9 dedifferentiated liposarcomas. A total of 251 gains and 84 losses were detected. The most frequent gains involved subregions of chromosomal arms 12q and 20q (70% each), 5p (57%), 6q and 9q (52% each), 1q, 7p and 17p (48% each), 1p (43%), 6p and 17q (39% each), 20p and 22q (35% each) as well as 7q and 12p (30% each). The same subregions were also affected by 30 high level amplifications. The most frequent losses were found in subregions of chromosomal arms 13q (35%) as well as 11q and 12p (30% each). Overall, gains of chromosomal material were more frequent than losses (p < 0.001). There were significant differences in the frequency and distribution of recurrent chromosomal imbalances between pleomorphic liposarcomas and the dedifferentiated areas of dedifferentiated liposarcomas. Gains of chromosomal material detected predominantly in pleomorphic liposarcomas involved subbands 5p13–p15 (p < 0.010), 1p21 (p < 0.019), 1q21–q22 (p < 0.040) and 7q22 (p < 0.049). Conversely, high level amplifications within chromosomal subregion 12q13–q21 were only found in the dedifferentiated components of dedifferentiated liposarcomas (p < 0.001). Overall, both gains and the less pronounced losses of chromosomal material were more frequent in pleomorphic than in dedifferentiated liposarcomas (p < 0.001 and p < 0.025, respectively). These results show that pleomorphic liposarcomas display a considerable number of recurrent chromosomal imbalances that are essentially different from those present in high‐grade areas of dedifferentiated liposarcomas. Therefore, genetic data are considered as a helpful diagnostic adjunct for the discrimination between these 2 types of liposarcoma. The overall higher frequency of chromosomal imbalances in pleomorphic as compared to dedifferentiated liposarcomas could account for the more aggressive biological behavior of pleomorphic relative to dedifferentiated liposarcoma types. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
History of allergies and autoimmune diseases and risk of brain tumors in adults
Authors: Brenner Alina V. , Linet Martha S. , Fine Howard A. , Shapiro William R. , Selker Robert G. , Black Peter M. , Inskip Peter D. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractTo explore a possible influence of the immune system in the development of brain tumors, we evaluated the relationship between history of allergies and autoimmune diseases and risk of brain tumors within a large, hospital‐based case‐control study. Cases (n = 782) were patients recently diagnosed with glioma (n = 489), meningioma (n = 197) or acoustic neuroma (n = 96) at hospitals in Boston, Phoenix and Pittsburgh (USA). Controls (n =799) were patients hospitalized for a variety of nonmalignant conditions and frequency‐matched to cases by hospital, age, sex, race/ethnicity and distance of residence from hospital. Research nurses collected data by personal interview of patients. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using unconditional logistic regression. There was a significant inverse association between glioma and history of any allergies (OR = 0.67, 95% CI = 0.52–0.86) or autoimmune diseases (OR = 0.49, 95% CI = 0.35–0.69). No significant associations were evident for meningioma or acoustic neuroma with history of any allergies. An inverse association was observed between meningioma and history of autoimmune diseases (OR = 0.59, 95% CI = 0.38–0.92). There was a suggestion of interaction between allergies and autoimmune diseases on risk of glioma (p = 0.06), with subjects having both conditions being at lowest risk (OR = 0.24, 95% CI = 0.14–0.42). Among the specific conditions, asthma and diabetes showed the most consistent associations (OR = 0.63, 95% CI = 0.43–0.92 and OR = 0.44, 95% CI = 0.27–0.70, respectively). Our results add to evidence that persons with allergies or autoimmune diseases are at reduced risk of glioma. The basis of the associations is not clear, but they might imply a role of immunologic factors in the development of brain tumors. Published 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The MEK/ERK pathway mediates COX‐2‐selective NSAID‐induced apoptosis and induced COX‐2 protein expression in colorectal carcinoma cells
Authors: Elder Douglas J.E. , Halton Dawn E. , Playle Laura C. , Paraskeva Christos 
Published: August 2002

AbstractNonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can prevent colorectal tumorigenesis in humans and in rodents. In vitro and in vivo studies indicate that one of their principal antineoplastic avenues is the induction of apoptosis. We have shown previously that NS‐398, which selectively inhibits cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) over cyclooxygenase‐1, induces apoptosis of colorectal tumour cells and elevates COX‐2 protein expression. Here, we have determined that the extracellular signal‐regulated kinase kinase (MEK)/extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK) pathway mediates these effects of NS‐398. Treatment of HT29 colorectal carcinoma cells with 75 μM NS‐398 caused activation of ERK‐1/‐2 but not of the p38 and c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK) mitogen‐activated protein kinases. This was apparent at 24 hr and maintained at 72 hr. U0126, a specific inhibitor of the ERK‐activating kinases MEK‐1/‐2, prevented the activation of ERK induced by NS‐398 and blocked the increase in COX‐2 protein expression seen when HT29 cells were treated with NS‐398 alone. The activation of ERK by NS‐398 preceded and accompanied a decrease in attached cell yield and an increase in apoptosis. U0126 dose‐dependently protected HT29 cells from these antiproliferative effects of NS‐398, indicating an antiproliferative role for sustained ERK‐1/‐2 activation in response to this NSAID. These results point to a key role for the MEK/ERK signalling pathway in mediating the effects of a COX‐2‐selective NSAID on colorectal carcinoma cells. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Genistein, a soy isoflavone, induces glutathione peroxidase in the human prostate cancer cell lines LNCaP and PC‐3
Authors: Suzuki Kazuhiro , Koike Hidekazu , Matsui Hiroshi , Ono Yoshihiro , Hasumi Masaru , Nakazato Haruki , Okugi Hironobu , Sekine Yoshitaka , Oki Kazuya , Ito Kazuto , Yamamoto Takumi , Fukabori Yoshitatsu , Kurokawa Kohei , Yamanaka Hidetoshi 
Published: August 2002

AbstractGenistein is a major component of soybean isoflavone and has multiple functions resulting in antitumor effects. Prostate cancer is 1 of the targets for the preventive role of genistein. We examined the effect of genistein on human prostate cancer (LNCaP and PC‐3) cells. Proliferation of both cell lines was inhibited by genistein treatment in a dose‐dependent manner. To obtain the gene expression profile of genistein in LNCaP cells, we performed cDNA microarray analysis. The expression of many genes, including apoptosis inhibitor (survivin), DNA topoisomerase II, cell division cycle 6 (CDC6) and mitogen‐activated protein kinase 6 (MAPK 6), was downregulated. Expression levels were increased more than 2‐fold in only 4 genes. The glutathione peroxidase (GPx)‐1 gene expression level was the most upregulated. Quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction revealed significant elevation of transcript levels of GPx‐1 in both LNCaP and PC‐3 cells. Upregulation of gene expression levels accompanied elevation of GPx enzyme activities. In contrast, no significant changes were observed in the gene expression levels and enzyme activities of the other antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase and catalase. GPx activation might be one of the important characteristics of the effects of genistein on prostate cancer cells. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Tumor production of angiostatin is enhanced after exposure to TNF‐α
Authors: Mauceri Helena J. , Seetharam Saraswathy , Beckett Michael A. , Lee John Y. , Gupta Vinay K. , Gately Stephen , Stack M. Sharon , Brown Charles K. , Swedberg Kirsten , Kufe Donald W. , Weichselbaum Ralph R. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractInfection of tumors with an adenoviral vector expressing a chimeric gene composed of the CArG elements of the Egr‐1 promoter and a cDNA encoding TNF‐α (Ad.Egr‐TNF) has previously been shown to result in the production of high intratumoral levels of TNF‐α and thereby tumor regression. The antitumor effects of TNF‐α were ascribed to vascular thrombosis. We and others, have reported that inhibition of tumor vessel thrombosis using anticoagulation therapy does not abrogate the antitumor effects after TNF‐α treatment. To investigate the potential antiangiogenic effects of TNF‐α, we studied the generation of angiostatin after intratumoral injection of Ad.Egr‐TNF. We report an increase in plasma angiostatin levels both during and after treatment with Ad.Egr‐TNF that parallel tumor regression. We also report that TNF‐α enhances angiostatin production by inducing the activity of plasminogen activator and the release of MMP‐9 by tumor cells. These studies support a model in which the antiangiogenic effects of TNF‐α on the tumor microvasculature are mediated by generation of angiostatin. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Clinical role of MMP‐2/TIMP‐2 imbalance in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Giannelli Gianluigi , Bergamini Carlo , Marinosci Felice , Fransvea Emilia , Quaranta Michele , Lupo Luigi , Schiraldi Oronzo , Antonaci Salvatore 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAn imbalance between the proteolytic activity of matrix metalloproteinase‐2 (MMP‐2) and the tissue inhibitor of MMP‐2 (TIMP‐2) is responsible for degradation of extracellular matrix (ECM) components and plays a critical role in tumor invasion and in metastasis formation. The occurrence of intra‐hepatic metastasis, which severely affects prognosis and long‐term survival, is commonly observed in the course of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We investigated the expression of MT1‐MMP in tissues, whereas both MMP‐2 and TIMP‐2 were evaluated in the sera and tissues (primary and metastatic nodules) of HCC patients with and without metastasis, whose clinical outcome was followed over a 2‐year period. MT1‐MMP expression was similar among primary nodule tissues of patients with and without metastasis. Serum and tissue levels of MMP‐2 were not statistically different between patients with and without metastasis, but MMP‐2 was concentrated at the invasive edge of the metastatic tissue. On the contrary, serum and tissue levels of TIMP‐2 were significantly higher in HCC patients without metastasis than in those with. This situation was not only observed in the primary HCC tissues, but also in the metastatic nodules. These results correlate with the clinical outcome, because more than 90% of the patients with high levels of TIMP‐2 were still alive after 2 years, whereas less than 30% with low levels of TIMP‐2 had survived. Furthermore, we found a strict correlation between tissue and serum levels of TIMP‐2, this suggesting that a MMP‐2/TIMP‐2 imbalance and in particular TIMP‐2 levels, could represent an important prognostic factor in patients with HCC. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Macroeconomic factors and share returns: an analysis using emerging market data
Authors: Fifield S.G.M. , Power D.M. , Sinclair C.D. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis paper investigates the extent to which global and local economic factors explain returns in emerging stock markets (ESMs). The economic factors are determined using principal components analysis. The results suggest that the local economic variables included in this study can be summarized by GDP, inflation, money and interest rates, while the selected global variables can be sufficiently characterized by world industrial production and world inflation. These components are then used as inputs into a regression analysis in order to explain the index returns of 13 ESMs over the period 1987–96. The analysis indicates that while world factors are significant in explaining ESM returns, local factors may also play a crucial role. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Poland: between geopolitical shifts and emerging migratory patterns
Authors: Iglicka Krystyna 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis paper describes trends and mechanisms in population mobility in Poland which are gradually transforming this major sending country in the Central and Eastern European region into a country of net immigration and transit. Emphasis is placed on the migration into Poland from the former USSR countries since 1989, in the context of the recent geopolitical shifts in the CEE region: collapse of communist rule and forthcoming European Union enlargement. Although stress has been put on ongoing changes in migratory patterns and mechanisms that began after the collapse of the political regime, it is also emphasised here that one should not analyse trends that occurred after 1989 without understanding the history and mechanism of migration prior to that date. Therefore, trends and mechanisms of migration into Poland observed during the transition period are examined from the perspective of the migration system approach. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Infant temperament, pleasure in parenting, and marital happiness in adoptive families
Authors: Leve Leslie D. , Scaramella Laura V. , Fagot Beverly I. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractTemperamental characteristics have been related to later externalizing and internalizing behavioral outcomes. To assess the relationship between temperament and the early family environment, we measured infant temperament, pleasure in parenting, and marital happiness via parent report in 99 families with a nonrelative adoptive infant. Perceptions of child temperament were assessed using two subscales of the Infant Behavior Questionnaire (IBQ; Rothbart, 1981). Mothers and fathers who rated their adoptive child as showing more Distress to Limitations (on the IBQ) reported less pleasure in routine parenting activities; this effect was mediated by marital happiness for fathers. Mothers reported less pleasure in parenting with infants perceived to be more temperamentally fearful (on the IBQ). The bidirectional relationship between temperamental characteristics and pleasure in parenting is discussed. © 2001 Michigan Association for Infant Mental Health.
World Commission on Dams: implications for food and irrigation11
Authors: Perry Chris 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe World Commission on Dams has now published its report. Insights into the workings and conclusions of the Commission were published in the last edition of this Journal.While the WCD report brings together a number of important existing and new recommendations on ameliorating the negative impacts of large dams, it pays inadequate attention to the impacts in the major area (food production and security) for which dams have been built. Consideration of data presented by the WCD would suggest a more positive impact, and a brief review of national and world trends in food production suggests that irrigation – of which large dams are an intrinsic and central component – has underlain if not dominated the vast improvement in food availability that occurred in the second half of the last century.With water in crisis in many countries, planners, policymakers and politicians will continue to face challenging decisions on the allocation of limited freshwater supplies, and demands to increase the level of water resources development. Some guidance from the WCD is helpful, and some is flawed.Most importantly, much is missing, and to be useful, guidance must reflect rational and balanced, expert and rigorous assessment of all the impacts of the available options. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of butylated hydroxyanisole and butylated hydroxytoluene on dna adduct formation and arylamine N‐acetyltransferase activity in human bladder tumour cells
Authors: Lu Hsueh‐Fu , Wu Hsi‐Chin , Hsia Te‐Chun , Chen Wen‐Chi , Hung Chi‐Fu , Chung Jing‐Gung 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn this study, butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) were used to determine the inhibition of arylamine N‐acetyltransferase (NAT) activity and DNA adduct formation in human bladder tumour cell line T‐24. The activity of NAT was measured by high‐performance liquid chromatography, assaying for the amounts of N‐acetyl‐2‐aminofluorene and N‐acetyl‐p‐aminobenzoic acid and remaining 2‐aminofluorene and p‐aminobenzoic acid. Human bladder tumour cell line T‐24 cytosols and intact cells were used for examining NAT activity and carcinogen–DNA adduct formation. The results demonstrated that NAT activity and 2‐aminofluorene–DNA adduct formation in human bladder tumour cells were inhibited and decreased by BHA and BHT in a dose‐dependent manner. The effects of BHA and BHT on the values of the apparent Km and Vmax also were determined in both systems examined. The results indicated that BHA and BHT decreased the apparent values of Km and Vmax from human bladder tumour cells in both cytosol and intact cells. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Respiratory hypersensitivity to trimellitic anhydride in Brown Norway Rats: a comparison of endpoints
Authors: Pauluhn Jürgen , Eidmann Petra , Freyberger Alexius , Wasinska‐Kempka Grazyna , Vohr Hans‐Werner 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA rat bioassay has been developed to provide an objective approach for the identification and classification of respiratory allergy using trimellitic anhydride (TMA), which is a known respiratory tract irritant and asthmagen. Particular emphasis was placed on the study of route‐of‐induction‐dependent effects and their progression upon inhalation challenge with TMA (∼23 mg m−3 for a duration of 30 min), which included analysis of specific and non‐specific airway hyperreactivity and pulmonary inflammation initiated and sustained by immunological processes. Refinement of the bioassay focused on procedures to probe changes occurring upon challenge with TMA or methacholine aerosols using physiological, biochemical and immunological procedures. Following challenge with TMA, the rats sensitized to TMA showed marked changes in peak inspiratory and expiratory air flows and respiratory minute volume. In these animals, a sustained pulmonary inflammation occurred, characterized by specific endpoints determined in bronchoalveolar lavage (lactate dehydrogenase, protein, nitrite, eosinophil peroxidase, myeloperoxidase). When compared with the naive controls, lung weights were increased significantly, as were the weights of lung‐associated lymph nodes following inhalation induction and auricular lymph nodes following topical induction. The extent of changes observed was equal or more pronounced in animals sensitized epicutaneously (day 0 : 150 µl vehicle/50% TMA on each flank, day 7; booster administration to the skin of the dorsum of both ears using half the concentration and volume used on day 0) when compared with rats sensitized by 5 × 3 h day−1 inhalation exposures (low dose: 25 mg TMA m−3, high dose: 120 mg TMA m−3). In summary, the findings support the conclusion that the Brown Norway rat model is suitable for identifying TMA as an agent that causes both an immediate‐type change of breathing patterns and a delayed‐type sustained pulmonary inflammatory response. However, it remains unresolved whether the marked effects observed in the topically sensitized rats are more related to a route‐of‐induction or dose‐dependent phenomenon. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.