bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electron‐beam curing of hydrogenated acrylonitrile–butadiene rubber
Authors: Das Pradip K. , Ganguly Anirban , Banerji Madhusudan 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThe electron‐beam‐induced crosslinking of hydrogenated acrylonitrile–butadiene rubber (HNBR) was investigated. HNBR sheets were exposed to electron‐beam irradiation in air at a room temperature of 25 ± 2°C over a dose range of 0–20 Mrad. An attempt was made to correlate the structure of the irradiated rubber with the properties. The ratio of chain scission to crosslinking and the gelation dose were determined by a method proposed elsewhere. The gel content and dynamic storage modulus increased with the radiation dose. Fourier transform infrared studies revealed the formation of double bonds and carbonyl and ether groups. These observations were further supported by a thermogravimetric analysis of the carbonaceous residue of irradiated HNBR. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 97: 648–651, 2005
Salvage reoperation for complications after ileal pouch–anal anastomosis
Authors: Dehni N , Remacle G , Dozois R R , Banchini F , Tiret E , Parc R 
Published: April 2005

Abstract

Background
Surgical revision may be possible in patients with a poor outcome following ileal pouch–anal anastomosis (IPAA), using either a transanal approach or a combined abdominoperineal approach with pouch revision and reanastomosis.

Methods
Sixty-four patients underwent revisional surgery. The indication for salvage was sepsis in 47 patients, mechanical dysfunction in ten, isolated complications of the residual glandular epithelial cuff in three and previous intraoperative difficulties in four patients.

Results
A transanal approach was used in 19 patients and a combined abdominoperineal procedure in 45. Six of the latter had pouch enlargement and 25 received a new pouch. During a mean(s.d.) follow-up of 30(25) months, three patients required pouch excision because of Crohn's disease. Two patients had poor continence after abdominoperineal surgery. At last follow-up 60 (94 per cent) of 64 patients had a functional pouch. Half of the patients experienced some degree of daytime and night-time incontinence, but it was frequent in only 15 per cent. Of 58 patients analysed, 27 of 40 who had an abdominoperineal procedure and 13 of 18 who had transanal surgery rated their satisfaction with the outcome as good to excellent.

Conclusion
Surgical revision after failure of IPAA was possible in most patients, yielding an acceptable level of bowel function in two-thirds of patients.
Basic studies on aperture for adaptive antenna with switched loads of parasitic elements
Authors: Nakane Yoshiaki , Kuwahara Yoshihiko 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThis paper considers an adaptive array antenna in which multiple parasitic elements are placed in concentric circles with the radiating element as the center, and the outputs of the parasitic elements are connected to open, shorted, or fixed loads, so that the directivity can be controlled adaptively. The number of circular arrays, the number of parasitic elements in a circular array, the radius of the circular array, and the value of the fixed load are investigated. All combinations of three arrival wave angles are considered in the horizontal plane within the range of adaptive beam forming. All combinations of load settings are investigated. The design parameters are investigated on the basis of the achieved cumulative SINR distribution function. We find that SINR values above 10 dB can be expected in an environment with up to two interfering waves by constructing an aperture with one circular array with a radius of 0.5λ containing 10 parasitic elements. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 88(9): 19–26, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecja.20202
Adaptive DOA estimation using a radial basis function network
Authors: Mochida Eiji , Iiguni Youji 
Published: April 2005

AbstractDOA (direction‐of‐arrival) estimation problems have considerable importance in the fields of radar, sonar, and high‐resolution spectral analysis. Many methods have been proposed for solution of DOA estimation by using array antennas. In general, the computational complexity is significant. In the present paper, adaptive estimation of the direction of arrival is proposed by using the training network called the RBF (Radial Basis Function). In this method, the problem is treated as one of deriving the mapping from the autocorrelation matrix to the angle of arrival and then the DOA estimation problem is solved. Specifically, the angle of arrival and the signal power are independently discretized. The autocorrelation matrix corresponding to these discretized data is used as the training data for the RBF network. In this processing, the basis functions are reduced by means of clustering. Also, by sensitivity analysis, a network that is robust to the estimation error of the autocorrelation matrix is constructed. In this way, the DOA can be estimated at high speed. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 3, 88(9): 11–20, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjc.20161
Unsupervised training of phoneme models using HMM sufficient statistics and a speaker distance function
Authors: Yoshizawa Shinichi , Baba Akira , Matsunami Kanako , Mera Yuichiro , Yamada Miichi , Lee Akinobu , Shikano Kiyohiro 
Published: April 2005

AbstractWe propose an unsupervised method for the training of phoneme models using sufficient statistics from hidden Markov models and a speaker distance function. Our proposed method uses sufficient statistics calculated for acoustic models of speakers that are acoustically close to a test speaker to construct an accurately adapted model. The method involves (1) the selection of a group of speakers that are acoustically close to the test speaker and (2) the creation of phoneme models that are adapted to the test speaker using sufficient statistics from the models of the selected group of speakers. The calculation of sufficient statistics is performed prior to adaptation off‐line. The proposed method results in high recognition rates by performing adaptation based on the calculations of sufficient statistics of models of speakers that are acoustically close to the test speaker. In addition, only a small amount of adaptation data is required. The adaptation is performed rapidly since the sufficient statistics can be calculated off‐line. In comparison with speaker clustering methods, our proposed method allows for a more appropriate determination of the speaker cluster since this is selected dynamically on‐line using data from the test speaker. We show that in recognition experiments with small amounts of adaptation data, our proposed method results in a higher recognition rate than MLLR. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 3, 88(9): 33–41, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjc.20188
Escape from microenvironmental control and progression of intraepithelial neoplasia
Authors: Zhang Weitian , Vaccariello Michael A. , Wang Youai , Alt‐Holland Addy , Fusenig Norbert E. , Garlick Jonathan A. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractWe previously reported that normal human keratinocytes controlled neoplastic progression of tumor cells at an early stage of transformation in stratified squamous epithelium. We now studied if cells at a more advanced stage of transformation were also subject to such microenvironmental control. To accomplish this, 3D human tissues that mimic intraepithelial neoplasia were fabricated by mixing genetically marked (β‐gal), early‐stage (II‐4 cells) or advanced‐stage (SCC13) transformed keratinocytes with normal keratinocytes, and tumor cell fate and phenotype were monitored in organotypic culture and after surface transplantation to nude mice. In vivo, SCC13 cells evaded local growth suppression to undergo connective tissue invasion at significantly lower tumor cell volumes (12:1, 50:1 normal:tumor cells) than II‐4 cells. This behavior was explained by the growth suppression of II‐4 cells, while advanced‐stage tumor cells escaped this control and continued to undergo clonal expansion in mixed cultures to form large, intraepithelial tumor clusters. These communities of tumor cells underwent autonomous growth that was associated with altered expression of markers of differentiation (keratin 1) and cell–cell communication (connexin‐43). Furthermore, significantly greater numbers of SCC13 cells expanded into a basal position after low‐calcium stripping of suprabasal cells of mixed cultures compared to II‐4 cells, suggesting that expansion of these cells enabled tumor cell invasion after transplantation. These findings demonstrated that early tumor development in human stratified squamous epithelium required escape from microenvironmental growth control that was dependent on the transformation stage of intraepithelial tumor cells during the premalignant stage of cancer progression. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Efficient charge assignment and back interpolation in multigrid methods for molecular dynamics
Authors: Banerjee Sanjay , Board John A. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThe assignment of atomic charges to a regular computational grid and the interpolation of forces from the grid back to the original atomic positions are crucial steps in a multigrid approach to the calculation of molecular forces. For purposes of grid assignment, atomic charges are modeled as truncated Gaussian distributions. The charge assignment and back interpolation methods are currently bottlenecks, and take up to one‐third the execution time of the multigrid method each. Here, we propose alternative approaches to both charge assignment and back interpolation where convolution is used both to map Gaussian representations of atomic charges onto the grid and to map the forces computed at grid points back to atomic positions. These approaches achieve the same force accuracy with reduced run time. The proposed charge assignment and back interpolation methods scale better than baseline multigrid computations with both problem size and number of processors. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 26: 957–967, 2005
Adaptive approach for nonlinear sensitivity analysis of reaction kinetics
Authors: Horenko Illia , Lorenz Sönke , Schütte Christof , Huisinga Wilhelm 
Published: April 2005

AbstractWe present a unified approach for linear and nonlinear sensitivity analysis for models of reaction kinetics that are stated in terms of systems of ordinary differential equations (ODEs). The approach is based on the reformulation of the ODE problem as a density transport problem described by a Fokker–Planck equation. The resulting multidimensional partial differential equation is herein solved by extending the TRAIL algorithm originally introduced by Horenko and Weiser in the context of molecular dynamics (J. Comp. Chem. 2003, 24, 1921) and discussed it in comparison with Monte Carlo techniques. The extended TRAIL approach is fully adaptive and easily allows to study the influence of nonlinear dynamical effects. We illustrate the scheme in application to an enzyme‐substrate model problem for sensitivity analysis w.r.t. to initial concentrations and parameter values. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 26: 941–948, 2005
Autofluorescence and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy for oral oncology
Authors: de Veld Diana C.G. , Skurichina Marina , Witjes Max J.H. , Duin Robert P.W. , Sterenborg Henricus J.C.M. , Roodenburg Jan L.N. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesAutofluorescence and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy have been used separately and combined for tissue diagnostics. Previously, we assessed the value of autofluorescence spectroscopy for the classification of oral (pre‐)malignancies. In the present study, we want to determine the contributions of diffuse reflectance and autofluorescence spectroscopy to diagnostic performance.Study Design/Materials and MethodsAutofluorescence and diffuse reflectance spectra were recorded from 172 oral lesions and 70 healthy volunteers. Autofluorescence spectra were corrected in first order for blood absorption effects using diffuse reflectance spectra. Principal Components Analysis (PCA) with various classifiers was applied to distinguish (1) cancer and (2) all lesions from healthy oral mucosa, and (3) dysplastic and malignant lesions from benign lesions. Autofluorescence and diffuse reflectance spectra were evaluated separately and combined.ResultsThe classification of cancer versus healthy mucosa gave excellent results for diffuse reflectance as well as corrected autofluorescence (Receiver Operator Characteristic (ROC) areas up to 0.98). For both autofluorescence and diffuse reflectance spectra, the classification of lesions versus healthy mucosa was successful (ROC areas up to 0.90). However, the classification of benign and (pre‐)malignant lesions was not successful for raw or corrected autofluorescence spectra (ROC areas <0.70). For diffuse reflectance spectra, the results were slightly better (ROC areas up to 0.77).ConclusionsThe results for plain and corrected autofluorescence as well as diffuse reflectance spectra were similar. The relevant information for distinguishing lesions from healthy oral mucosa is probably sufficiently contained in blood absorption and scattering information, as well as in corrected autofluorescence. However, neither type of information is capable of distinguishing benign from dysplastic and malignant lesions. Combining autofluorescence and reflectance only slightly improved the results. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The explicit factorization of the Cremona transformation which is an extension of the Nagata automorphism into elementary links
Authors: Kishimoto Takashi 
Published: April 2005

AbstractWe consider the Cremona transformation Φσ: ℙ3… → ℙ3which is an extension of the famous Nagata automorphismσon the affine 3‐space 𝔸3. In this paper we shall factorize this Cremona transformation Φσexplicitly into 8 elementary links according to the Sarkisov Program. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Bilateral stimulation of nucleus subthalamicus in advanced Parkinson's disease: No effects on, and of, autonomic dysfunction
Authors: Holmberg Björn , Corneliusson Olle , Elam Mikael 
Published: April 2005

AbstractIt is not known whether bilateral stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus, performed to improve skeletal motor control in advanced Parkinson's disease, also affects central autonomic regulation of cardiovascular motor function. Furthermore, reduced treatment with dopaminergic and other drugs after bilateral stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus could affect cardiovascular autonomic reflexes and/or other factors controlling blood pressure level. The primary aim of this study was to investigate putative effects of bilateral stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus on the autonomic nervous system, using respiratory heart rate variability and blood pressure responses to tilt as indices. Baseline autonomic tests were performed in 19 patients with Parkinson's disease and 10 matched healthy subjects. Patients were divided in two groups and re‐investigated after 1 year of optimized pharmacological treatment (n = 8) or 1 year of bilateral subthalamic nucleus stimulation (n = 11). Both skeletal motor dysfunction and dopaminergic drug treatment were significantly reduced after 1 year of bilateral subthalamic nucleus stimulation. However, heart rate variability as well as blood pressure during tilt was reduced compared to baseline to a similar extent in both patient groups. The number of individual patients showing pathological autonomic test results at 1‐year follow‐up increased only in the subthalamic nucleus stimulation group. Despite reduced pharmacological treatment and reduced motor disability, bilateral subthalamic nucleus stimulation does not improve cardiovascular autonomic reflex function or protect against development of cardiovascular autonomic failure in Parkinson's disease. Preoperative cardiovascular autonomic reflex dysfunction, conversely, does not exclude an excellent stimulation effect. © 2005 Movement Disorder Society
Direct comparison between regional cerebral metabolism in progressive supranuclear palsy and Parkinson's disease
Authors: Klein Reinoud C. , de Jong Bauke M. , de Vries Joeke J. , Leenders Klaus L. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThe differentiation between progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) and Parkinson's disease (PD) may be difficult, especially in the early stages of disease. Positron emission tomography potentially provides a tool for making such a distinction. To identify key features in the spatial distributions of cerebral glucose metabolism, 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) measurements of 10 patients with probable or possible PSP were directly compared with those of 9 PD patients. This analysis was done with statistic parametric mapping. After normalization of global brain uptake, in PSP, relative uptake of FDG was reduced in the caudal (motor) part of the anterior cingulate gyrus (Brodmann's area BA 24; P < 0.05, corrected for multiple comparisons). At a lower threshold, an additional decrease was present in the dorsal mesencephalon. In PD, relative hypometabolism was seen in extrastriate visual, ventrolateral temporal, posterior parietal, and orbitofrontal regions. Only reduction in the right fusiform gyrus and the lateral extrastriate visual cortex reached statistical significance. We concluded that particularly the reduction of medial frontal metabolism may be a valuable diagnostic imaging parameter in distinguishing PSP from PD. For PD, a possible association between occipitotemporal FDG decrease and vulnerability to hallucinations is suggested. © 2005 Movement Disorder Society
EGF‐induced EGF‐receptor and MAP kinase phosphorylation in goat cumulus cells during in vitro maturation
Authors: Gall Laurence , Boulesteix Claire , Ruffini Sylvie , Germain Guy 
Published: April 2005

AbstractEGF has been shown to influence meiotic maturation and development competence of oocyte in various mammalian species. We previously reported, in goat, that the EGF receptor (EGF‐R) was present both on cumulus cells and oocytes. Here, EGF‐induced signaling was investigated during the in vitro maturation process in goat cumulus–oocyte complexes (COCs). Cumulus cells and oocytes were subjected to Western immunoblotting analysis using anti‐MAP kinase, anti‐phosphotyrosine, anti‐phospho MAP kinase, and anti‐phospho EGF‐R antibodies. We demonstrated that treatment with EGF during the in vitro maturation process induced rapid tyrosine phosphorylation of EGF‐R in a time and concentration dependent manner in cumulus cells. A similar pattern of activation by phosphorylation was observed for MAP kinase upon EGF stimulation. AG 1478, an inhibitor of the EGF kinase, suppressed EGF‐stimulated phosphorylation of EGF‐R and also affected the MAP kinase activation. Treatment with the MEK inhibitor PD 98059 abolished EGF‐induced MAP kinase activation. We did not observe oocyte EGF‐R phosphorylation in our experiments during the in vitro maturation process. Our data indicate, in goat cumulus cells, that activation of EGF‐R by EGF triggers signaling through the MAP kinase pathway during in vitro maturation. This supports the hypothesis that the major site of action for EGF, that regulates oocyte maturation, is the cumulus cell. Mol. Reprod. Dev. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Neurobehavioral assessment from fetus to infant: The NICU network neurobehavioral scale and the fetal neurobehavior coding scale
Authors: Salisbury Amy L. , Fallone Melissa Duncan , Lester Barry 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThis review provides an overview and definition of the concept of neurobehavior in human development. Two neurobehavioral assessments used by the authors in current fetal and infant research are discussed: the NICU Network Neurobehavioral Assessment Scale and the Fetal Neurobehavior Coding System. This review will present how the two assessments attempt to measure similar processes from pre to post‐natal life by examining three main components of neurobehavior: neurological, behavioral and stress/reactivity measures. Assessment descriptions, strengths and weaknesses, as well as cautions and limitations are provided. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. MRDD Research Reviews 2005;11:14–20.
Legacy fundraising: a practical guide to the basics
Authors: Wise Patrick 
Published: April 2005

Abstract

Remember a Charity, the public awareness campaign run by over 130 charities in the UK, has stated that donations in wills are the largest single source of voluntary income for charities—currently worth £1.3 billion per year (April 2005).

So can legacies to charity still be described as just windfall money? Should charities spend precious funds on promoting legacy giving when it is difficult to monitor results? It so, what is the message? Who are the target audiences? What form should legacy promotional literature take? What part could or should solicitors and funeral directors play in legacy campaigns? Patrick Wise looks back on his twenty plus years of experience in the world of charitable legacies, and gives his views on the answers to these questions, and why he thinks all charities should take legacy promotion very seriously.

Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The UK's Legacy Promotion Campaign: a review after nearly two years of public influence
Authors: Dauncey Theresa 
Published: April 2005

Abstract

Launched in October 2002, uniquely the Legacy Promotion Campaign has brought together over 100 charities in a common cause. Donations in wills provide approximately a third of all voluntary income, but relatively few charity supporters take this step. Using a combination of advertising, direct marketing and press activity, the Campaign seeks to increase the level of giving, making it normal behaviour, rather than the exception. Focusing on both the public and professional audiences the Campaign is already shifting opinions and laying the groundwork for a long‐term increase in voluntary income.

Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nontuberculous mycobacterial infection in young children with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Esther Charles R. , Henry Marianna M. , Molina Paul L. , Leigh Margaret W. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractAlthough nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are recognized pathogens in adolescent and adult patients with cystic fibrosis (CF), the role of NTM in younger CF patients is not well‐defined. To explore NTM infection in CF patients less than 12 years old, a retrospective review was performed. Prevalence was estimated from routine mycobacterial cultures of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) specimens collected over a 3‐year period. NTM‐positive cultures were obtained from 9 of 258 BALs collected from 7 of 114 different patients (5 months to 11 years of age). Further data were acquired from microbiological and clinical records of all pediatric patients with CF over a 10‐year period. A total of 17 patients had at least one positive mycobacterial culture at less than 12 years of age, 5 of whom had positive cultures before age 5. The most commonly identified organisms were Mycobacterium avium‐complex and Mycobacterium abscessus. Of the 17 patients, 10 met American Thoracic Society (ATS) microbiological criteria for mycobacterial disease, and 7 did not. The two groups did not differ with respect to age, gender, or presence of other respiratory pathogens. Patients who met ATS microbiological criteria for disease were more likely to have positive smears for acid‐fast bacilli and grow Mycobacterium abscessus from culture. These patients also had a greater decline in lung function over time than patients who did not meet the microbiologic criteria. These data suggest that NTM represent a clinically significant pathogen, even in young patients with cystic fibrosis. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.