bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determination of thermodynamic properties of macroporous glycidyl methacrylate‐based copolymers by inverse gas chromatography
Authors: Nastasović A. B. , Onjia A. E. , Milonjić S. K. , Jovanović S. M. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractMacroporous crosslinked poly(glycidyl methacrylate‐co‐ethylene glycol dimethacrylate) (PGME) was synthesized by suspension copolymerization and modified by ring‐opening reaction of the pendant epoxy groups with ethylene diamine (EDA). Inverse gas chromatography (IGC) at infinite dilution was applied to determine the thermodynamic interactions of PGME and modified copolymer, PGME‐en. The specific surface areas of the initial and modified copolymer samples were determined by the BET method, from low‐temperature nitrogen adsorption isotherms. The specific retention volumes, V, of 10 organic compounds of different chemical nature and polarity (nonpolar, donor, or acceptor) were determined in the temperature range 333–413 K. The weight fraction activity coefficients of test sorbates,
$\Omega_1^\infty$, and Flory–Huggins interaction parameters, $\chi_{12}^\infty$, were calculated and discussed in terms of interactions of sorbates with PGME and PGME‐en. Also, the partial molar free energy, $\Delta G_1^S$, partial molar heat of mixing, $\Delta H_1^\infty$, sorption molar free energy, ΔG, sorption enthalpy ΔH, and sorption entropy, ΔS, were calculated. Glass transitions in PGME and PGME‐en, determined from IGC data, were observed in the temperature range 373–393 K and 363–373 K, respectively. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 43: 2524–2533, 2005
Effect of increasing the microwave density in both continuous and pulsed wave mode on the growth of monocrystalline diamond films
Authors: Tallaire A. , Achard J. , Silva F. , Gicquel A. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractDiamond synthetic single crystals exhibiting a high and reliable quality would find many applications in different areas such as optics, mechanics, or electronic devices. In this study, thick high quality homoepitaxial diamond films were grown on synthetic substrates using Micro‐Wave Plasma Assisted Chemical Vapour Deposition. The effect of increasing the density of the hydrogen methane discharge was investigated since it is believed to allow higher deposition rates by enhancing the production of precursor species. In continuous wave mode, it was actually observed that increasing the microwave density in the plasma from 65 to 125 W/cm3 leaded to an increase of diamond growth rates from 3 to 8.5 µm/h and from 11 to 19 µm/h when 4% and 7% of CH4 was added to the gas phase respectively. However, when such a high microwave power density is injected, overheating of the reactor walls, windows and wave‐guides occurs leading to problematic cooling‐down and higher contamination of the diamond film. In particular higher silicon incorporation was found by photoluminescence spectroscopy that probably originates from an enhanced etching of the quartz windows. Thanks to the use of a pulsed discharge with a peak power of 190 W/cm3 the deposition of diamond at rates close to 22 µm/h became possible while limiting this problem of overheating. The use of such pulsed discharges is thus considered to be a very promising method for the growth of high quality diamond single‐crystals at high deposition rates. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Temperature dependence of hole drift mobility in high‐purity single‐crystal CVD diamond
Authors: Isberg Jan , Lindblom Adam , Tajani Antonella , Twitchen Daniel 
Published: July 2005

AbstractHole transport properties in high‐purity single crystal CVD diamond samples were studied using the time of flight technique with optical excitation of the carriers. The measurements were taken at different temperatures in the interval 80–470 K. By varying the intensity of the optical excitation over several orders of magnitude, measurements at different carrier concentrations have been performed. In this way, measurements have been made both in the space charge limited and non space charge limited regimes, with consistent results. The temperature dependence of the low‐field hole drift mobility shows a Tα dependence with α ≈ –1.5, below 350 K. This indicates that acoustic phonon scattering is the dominant scattering mechanism and a very low concentration of ionized impurities in this material. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Strain mapping around dislocations in diamond and cBN
Authors: Willems B. , Nistor L. C. , Ghica C. , Van Tendeloo G. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractStrain fields around dislocations in diamond and cBN have been quantitatively characterized at a sub nanometer scale. The combination of experimental high resolution electron microscopy (HREM) and image analysis using the geometric phase method provides an accurate determination of the local deformations and strain. The results of the strain analysis of the 60° perfect dislocation in diamond and cBN are discussed. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Study of the f → d transition of heavy lanthanide and actinide ions in crystals using the simple model
Authors: Duan Chang‐Kui , Xia Shangda , Reid Michael F. , Ruan Gang 
Published: July 2005

AbstractIn this paper we extend the original simple model for f → d transition proposed by Duan and co‐workers [Phys. Rev. B 66, 155108 (2002); J. Solid State Chem. 171, 299 (2003)] to the more general cases applicable to heavy lanthanides and actinides. The model is successfully applied to the interpretation of low‐temperature f–d excitation spectra of Er3+ doped in crystals LiYF4 and CaF2. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Surface and interface magnetism of V/W systems
Authors: Bakir A. M. , Hamad B. A. , Khalifeh J. M. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractIn this work, we investigate the magnetic properties of the V/W system, in the (001), (011), and (111) crystallographic orientations with and without relaxation at T = 0 K. Calculations of the magnetic moments are carried out using the real‐space tight‐binding method with a Hubbard Hamiltonian within the Hartree–Fock approximation. The coordination number, the type of the neighboring atoms, and the change of the vertical and horizontal distances between V atoms in the considered system are found to play a role in determining its magnetic properties. The magnetization is found to decrease when V is allowed to relax. The W interfacial layers acquired a sizeable induced magnetic moment. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Pressure dependence of the optical and vibrational properties of hexagonal and cubic CdS films grown on GaAs
Authors: Choi I. H. , Yu P. Y. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractThe pressure dependence of the excitonic photoluminescence and Raman scattering in both hexagonal and cubic CdS films grown on GaAs substrates is reported. We found that the pressure coefficients of the cubic CdS films are equal to those of the hexagonal films within experimental uncertainties. The main difference between their optical and vibrational properties seems to lie in their exciton energies, the hexagonal phase having a slightly higher energy than the cubic phase. Strong enhancement in multi‐longitudinal optical (LO) phonon scattering has been observed by “pressure‐tuning” the exciton energy to resonate with the excitation laser line. As a result we have been able to determine the pressure coefficients of the higher order LO phonons in CdS for modes as high as 5LO. We found that the pressure coefficients of these higher order LO modes when normalized by the phonon frequency exhibit a systematic decrease with the order of the mode. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Sein oder nicht sein? – Workout‐Scoring als Konzept zur Optimierung von Rückflussquoten
Authors: Rieder Markus J. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractKredit‐Scoring hat sich als Methode zur Differenzierung von Schuldnern bei der Kreditvergabe mit großem Erfolg durchgesetzt. Neben der Entscheidung über die Gewährung von Krediten ist es auch üblich geworden, ein Scoring zum Kredit‐Monitoring und als Instrument zur Frühwarnung zu installieren (Stichwort: “Verhaltens‐Scoring”). Darüber hinaus gibt es Ansätze, im Mahnverfahren scoring‐ähnliche Methoden zu verwenden.
A case of fatal ephedra intake associated with lipofuscin accumulation, caspase activation and cleavage of myofibrillary proteins
Authors: Chen‐Scarabelli Carol , Hughes Siân E. , Landon Giorgio , Rowley Peter , Allebban Zuhair , Lawson Noel , Saravolatz Louis , Gardin Julius , Latchman David , Scarabelli Tiziano M. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractEphedra, a herb reported to suppress appetite and stimulate the sympathetic nervous system as well as cardiac performance, has recently been related to several adverse events, including seizure, stroke, hypertension, myocardial infarction, and sudden death. Here, we describe the case of a 45‐year‐old woman who died of cardiovascular collapse while taking ephedra. Tissue analysis revealed non‐specific degenerative alterations in the myocardium (lipofuscin accumulation, basophilic degeneration and vacuolation of myocytes, as well as myofibrillary loss), associated with myocyte apoptosis, caspase activation, and extensive cleavage of miofibrillary proteins α‐actin, α‐actinin, and cardiac troponin T. Healthcare professionals are therefore urged to warn their patients about the risk of serious adverse effects, which may follow ephedra intake.
Do discharge codes underestimate hospitalisation due to heart failure? Validation study of hospital discharge coding for heart failure
Authors: Khand Aleem U. , Shaw Morag , Gemmel Islay , Cleland John G.F. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractBackgroundDischarge codes are frequently used to describe hospital activity related to heart failure (HF).ObjectivesTo determine whether discharge codes for HF underestimated or overestimated hospital activity related to HF.DesignPatients with atrial fibrillation (AF), who commonly have HF, were identified and their case notes reviewed to identify cases of HF missed by discharge codes.Participants and methodsPatients admitted between November 1997 and January 1998 with either HF or AF. Identification of HF and AF by ICD10 hospital discharge codes. Identification of additional cases of AF from a central hospital‐wide ECG database.ResultsWe identified 330 cases with an ICD 10 code for HF, of which 43 (13%) were deemed to be miscoded, 32 patients (10%) were classified as possible, 39 (12%) as probable and 216 (65%) as definite HF. Results were similar whether or not HF was the primary discharge diagnosis. We identified 452 patients with AF, of whom 45 (10%) were classified as probable and 193 (43%) as definite HF. 129 (54%) of these cases had no diagnostic discharge code for HF. ICD 10 discharge codes for HF were correct in 77% of cases but identified only 66% of patients with probable or definite HF in this analysis. Screening of other diagnoses would have identified further cases of HF.ConclusionsHospital discharge codes substantially underestimate hospital events related to HF in the UK.
Trends in antimicrobial resistance phenotypes in non-typhoidSalmonellaefrom human and poultry origins in France
Authors: CAILHOL J. , LAILLER R. , BOUVET P. , LA VIEILLE S. , GAUCHARD F. , SANDERS P. , BRISABOIS A. 
Published: July 2005

SUMMARYA total of 1873 strains from human origin and 4283 strains from non-human origin ofSalmonella entericaserotypes Typhimurium, Enteritidis, Heidelberg, Hadar and Virchow, collected over three years 1993, 1997 and 2000, were examined in order to determine the rate of antimicrobial resistance to 12 antimicrobial drugs. The objective of the study was to describe and to compare the evolution of the main resistance types in human and non-human isolates, focusing on the poultry sector. The evolution and the rates of antimicrobial resistances for the five serotypes, with the exception of Virchow, were almost comparable in strains isolated from human and non-human sources over the period studied. The most striking result concerning single resistance was the spectacular increase of the resistance frequency to nalidixic acid for the strains belonging to serotypes Hadar and Virchow, especially in the poultry food sector (14% in 1993vs. 72% in 2000 forSalmonellaVirchow, 4% in 1993vs. 70% in 2000 forSalmonellaHadar) and also in human isolates (24% in 1997vs. 48% in 2000 forS. Virchow, 31% in 1997vs. 78% in 2000 forS. Hadar). In addition to the classical resistance to ampicillin, streptomycin, sulphonamide, chloramphenicol and tetracycline (ASSuCT resistance type), which stabilized between 1997 and 2000, the emergence of a new resistance type was observed.
Experimental trial for diagnosis of pancreatic ductal carcinoma based on gene expression profiles of pancreatic ductal cells
Authors: Ishikawa Madoka , Yoshida Koji , Yamashita Yoshihiro , Ota Jun , Takada Shuji , Kisanuki Hiroyuki , Koinuma Koji , Choi Young Lim , Kaneda Ruri , Iwao Toshiyasu , Tamada Kiichi , Sugano Kentaro , Mano Hiroyuki 
Published: July 2005

Pancreatic ductal carcinoma (PDC) remains one of the most intractable human malignancies, mainly because of the lack of sensitive detection methods. Although gene expression profiling by DNA microarray analysis is a promising tool for the development of such detection systems, a simple comparison of pancreatic tissues may yield misleading data that reflect only differences in cellular composition. To directly compare PDC cells with normal pancreatic ductal cells, we purified MUC1‐positive epithelial cells from the pancreatic juices of 25 individuals with a normal pancreas and 24 patients with PDC. The gene expression profiles of these 49 specimens were determined with DNA microarrays containing >44 000 probe sets. Application of both Welch's analysis of variance and effect size‐based selection to the expression data resulted in the identification of 21 probe sets corresponding to 20 genes whose expression was highly associated with clinical diagnosis. Furthermore, correspondence analysis and 3‐D projection with these probe sets resulted in separation of the transcriptomes of pancreatic ductal cells into distinct but overlapping spaces corresponding to the two clinical classes. To establish an accurate transcriptome‐based diagnosis system for PDC, we applied supervised class prediction algorithms to our large data set. With the expression profiles of only five predictor genes, the weighted vote method diagnosed the class of samples with an accuracy of 81.6%. Microarray analysis with purified pancreatic ductal cells has thus provided a basis for the development of a sensitive method for the detection of PDC. (Cancer Sci 2005; 96: 387–393)
Inhibitory effect of a selective cyclooxygenase inhibitor on the invasion‐stimulating activity of orthotopic fibroblasts for scirrhous gastric cancer cells
Authors: Tendo Masashige , Yashiro Masakazu , Nakazawa Kazunori , Yamada Nobuya , Hirakawa Kosei 
Published: July 2005

The cyclooxygenase (COX)‐2 inhibitor has been reported to impede the progression of gastric cancer, but underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We therefore investigated the effect of a COX‐2 inhibitor, JTE‐522, on the ability of orthotopic fibroblasts to stimulate invasion of scirrhous gastric carcinoma cells. The human scirrhous gastric cancer cell lines OCUM‐2D or OCUM‐2M, and human gastric fibroblasts (NF‐21) were cultured in the absence or presence of JTE‐522 at various concentrations. Cancer cells were then assayed for invasiveness in vitro by invasion assay. The effect of prostaglandins (PG) on growth factor production in NF‐21 cells was examined by ELISA. Finally, the effects of orally administrated JTE‐522 on orthotopically transplanted tumors were examined in nude mice. NF‐21 cells stimulated invasion by OCUM‐2D cells, an effect suppressed by JTE‐522 at 5 × 10−6 M. Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and PGE2 production by NF‐21 cells were suppressed by JTE‐522 (P < 0.01). PGE2 stimulated HGF production by NF‐21 cells in a dose‐dependent manner. JTE‐522 significantly suppressed orthotopic tumor growth and lymph node metastasis, and also decreased HGF expression by fibroblasts within the gastric tumor. In conclusion, we found that gastric fibroblasts stimulated invasiveness in scirrhous gastric cancer cells, whereas a selective COX‐2 inhibitor inhibited this paracrine effect by decreasing fibroblast PGE2 production, resulting in downregulation of HGF production. (Cancer Sci 2005; 96: 451–455)
Does concurrent prescription of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs substantially increase the risk of upper gastrointestinal bleeding?
Authors: TATA L. J. , FORTUN P. J. , HUBBARD R. B. , SMEETH L. , HAWKEY C. J. , SMITH C. J. P. , WHITAKER H. J. , FARRINGTON C. P. , CARD T. R. , WEST J. 
Published: July 2005

SummaryBackground:  A 15‐fold increased risk of gastrointestinal bleeding has been reported with concurrent use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs. Recent guidance cautions against concurrent prescription, particularly in older people.Aim:  To quantify the risk of gastrointestinal bleeding associated with current exposure to non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, and both drugs concurrently.Methods:  We conducted a case–control analysis of 11 261 cases with upper gastrointestinal bleeding and 53 156 controls matched by gender, age and general practice from computerized primary care data. We coupled this with self‐controlled case series analysis.Results:  Both drugs were associated with a twofold increased risk of gastrointestinal bleeding (odds ratio =2.38, 95% confidence interval 2.08–2.72 for selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and odds ratio = 2.15, 95% confidence interval 2.02–2.28 for non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs). This increased risk was marginally higher for concurrent prescription (odds ratio = 2.93, 95%confidence interval 2.25–3.82). The self‐controlled analysis showed a greater incidence rate ratio for gastrointestinal bleeding with non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (2.71, 95% confidence interval 2.51–2.91) and lower incidence rate ratio with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (1.71, 95% confidence interval 1.48–1.98). The incidence rate ratio when both drugs were combined was 3.25, 95% confidence interval 1.95–5.42. Estimates were similar after restricting to people over 80 years of age. Increased risk of gastrointestinal bleeding was not specifically related to class of non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs and was similar when we looked at tricyclic anti‐depressants.Conclusions:  Our study suggests that the risk of gastrointestinal bleeding is not substantially increased when non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors are prescribed together, compared with their use alone.
Low‐dose oral microemulsion ciclosporin for severe, refractory ulcerative colitis
Authors: DE SAUSSURE P. , SORAVIA C. , MOREL P. , HADENGUE A. 
Published: July 2005

SummaryBackground:  The optimal modalities of treatment with oral microemulsion ciclosporin in patients with severe, steroid‐refractory ulcerative colitis are uncertain.Aim:  To assess the applicability, in terms of efficacy and tolerability, of a standard oral microemulsion ciclosporin treatment protocol targeting relatively low blood ciclosporin concentrations, in patients with severe, steroid‐resistant ulcerative colitis.Patients and methods:  Patients with a severe attack of ulcerative colitis and no satisfactory response to intravenous corticosteroids were started on oral microemulsion ciclosporin. Dosages were adapted according to a standard protocol, targeting a blood predose ciclosporin concentration (C0) of 100–200 ng/mL. Patients without a clinical response on day 8 were scheduled for colectomy.Results:  Sixteen patients were enrolled. A clinical response was observed in 14/16 (88%). The mean clinical activity index scores and concentrations of C‐reactive protein on days 0, 4 and 8 were 11.8, 6.7 and 4.1, and 50.3, 19.3 and 9.7 mg/L respectively. The mean C0 (days 0–8) was 149 pg/mL. The mean creatinine clearance rates on days 0 and 8 were 88 and 96 mL/min. One patient had an acute elevation of transaminases that resulted in discontinuing ciclosporin.Conclusions:  Even when dosed for a target C0 of 100–200 ng/mL, oral microemulsion ciclosporin for severe, steroid‐refractory ulcerative colitis achieves an efficacy similar to that attained with higher, potentially more toxic levels. The oral route should replace intravenous treatment in this clinical setting.
Long‐term prevention of erosive or ulcerative gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease relapse with rabeprazole 10 or 20 mg vs. placebo: results of a 5‐year study in the United States
Authors: CAOS A. , BREITER J. , PERDOMO C. , BARTH J. 
Published: July 2005

SummaryBackground:  Erosive gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a chronic condition requiring long‐term maintenance treatment. However, few trials of proton pump inhibitors in maintaining healing of erosive or ulcerative GERD are conducted for longer than 1 year.Aim:  To compare the efficacy and safety of 10‐ and 20‐mg rabeprazole with placebo in the 5‐year maintenance of healing in patients previously diagnosed with erosive/ulcerative GERD healed in an acute efficacy trial.Methods:  Patients (N = 497) were randomized to receive once‐daily doses of 10‐ or 20‐mg rabeprazole or placebo. The primary efficacy measure was endoscopically documented absence of oesophageal erosions or ulcerations.Results:  After 5 years, relapse rates in both rabeprazole groups were significantly lower than with placebo (rabeprazole 20 mg, 11%; 10 mg, 23%; placebo, 63%; P < 0.001 for rabeprazole vs. placebo; P = 0.005 for rabeprazole 20 mg vs. 10 mg). Both rabeprazole doses were significantly superior to placebo in preventing relapse of heartburn frequency and improving patient quality of life. Analyses of adverse events, biopsy findings and laboratory values showed no evidence of clinically significant effects.Conclusions:  Five‐year maintenance therapy with rabeprazole is effective in preventing relapse of erosive or ulcerative GERD and is well tolerated.
Lower oesophageal sphincter pressure and timed barium oesophagogram: two objective parameters in the non‐invasive assessment of primary achalasia
Authors: MONTAZERI G. , NOURI N. , ESTAKHRI A. , SHIRANI S. , DERAKHSHAN M. H. , YAGHOOBI M. , MIKAELI J. , MALEKZADEH R. 
Published: July 2005

SummaryBackground:  The non‐invasive assessment of primary achalasia is not precise.Aim:  To compare investigations before and 1 month after balloon dilation in achalasia.Methods:  Fifty‐two patients with primary achalasia were enrolled. Subjective and objective variables of oesophageal functions were analysed before and 1 month after balloon dilation.Results:  The mean predilation symptom score, lower oesophageal sphincter pressure, height and volume of barium at 5 min were 7.7 ± 2.6, 62.0 ± 25.1 mmHg, 9.2 ± 6.1 cm and 53.2 ± 49.8 mL respectively; the mean postdilation values were 3.0 ± 3.0, 34.1 ± 12.5 mmHg, 7.9 ± 5.1 cm and 28.0 ± 30.1 mL respectively. The before dilation volume of barium at 5 min correlates significantly with lower oesophageal sphincter pressure (P < 0.01). The mean symptom scores, lower oesophageal sphincter pressure and volume of barium at 5 min dropped significantly after intervention (P < 0.01), but the reduction in barium height at 5 min was not significant. The percentage changes in volume at 5 min significantly predicted the percentage changes in lower oesophageal sphincter pressure (P < 0.01).Conclusions:  The volume of barium retention at 5 min can predict the lower oesophageal sphincter pressure before and after balloon dilation in primary achalasia. This could be used as a non‐invasive objective tool for initial and post‐dilation assessment.