bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Control of apolipoprotein E secretion in the human hepatoma cell line KYN‐2
Authors: Brahimi Fouad , Bertrand Philippe , Starck Marjorie , Galteau Marie‐Madeleine , Siest Gérard 
Published: September 2002

AbstractEven though it is known that apolipoprotein E (apoE) is deeply involved in major age‐related disorders such as atherosclerosis or Alzheimer's disease (AD), the control of cell‐specific apoE expression is still poorly understood. We compared the apoE secretion as previously described in astrocytic cell17 to hepatic cell apoE secretion. We used the human hepatoma cell line KYN‐2 to better delineate the characteristics of apoE secretion and to validate it with respect to the classical human hepatoma cell line HepG2. Interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) and interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ) significantly inhibited, while IL‐2, IL‐6 and tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) were inactive on apoE secretion by KYN‐2 as well as HepG2 cells. Cholesterol and 25‐OH cholesterol had no effect, while forskolin exerted a significant inhibitory effect, on apoE secretion in KYN‐2 cells. Our results suggest that the KYN‐2 cell line represents an appropriate cell model, and in any case an alternative model to the HepG2 cell line, to study the control of apoE secretion. The response of KYN‐2 cells to both cytokines and cholesterol differs from that found in astrocytoma cells, suggesting that blood variations of apoE concentrations in AD may not reflect the dysregulations taking place in the brain. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tissue malondialdehyde and adenosine triphosphatase level after experimental liver ischaemia–reperfusion damage
Authors: Ilhan Nevin , Halifeoglu Ihsan , Ozercan H. Ibrahim , Ilhan Necip 
Published: September 2002

AbstractFunctional irregularities due to damage after ischaemia–reperfusion vary depending upon the organs affected. High energy phosphates such as ATP and ADP are destroyed after ischaemia–reperfusion damage. Subsequently, protons and inorganic phosphates accumulate within the cells and the proton pumps such as adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase), which maintain intracellular ion balance are damaged. In the present study, malondialdehyde (MDA), a product of lipid peroxidation, was measured as an indicator of tissue damage. Additionally, we measured sodium‐potasium‐ATPase levels and determined the interactions between MDA and Na+‐K+ ATPase levels. A total of 31 female guinea pigs were divided into four groups: sham operated guinea pigs (group 1), ischaemia–reperfusion (group 2), ischaemia–reperfusion + superoxide dismutase (SOD) (group 3), ischaemia–reperfusion + allopurinol (group 4). Following reperfusion, the livers of guinea pigs in each group were removed for histopathological examination and the levels of MDA and Na+‐K+ ATPase were determined in homogenized tissue samples. There was a statistically significant (p < 0.05) reduction in tissue MDA levels in group 2 when compared with group 1. The level of tissue MDA in groups 3 and 4 was significantly lower than tissue MDA levels of group 2. However, there was a statistically significant (p < 0.05) reduction in tissue Na+‐K+ ATPase levels of group 2 when compared with group 1. Similiarly, the level of tissue Na+‐K+ ATPase in groups 3 and 4 was significantly higher than the tissue Na+‐K+ ATPase levels of group 2. The results of the histopathologic examination also revealed the beneficial effects of the use of SOD and allopurinol in preventing liver damage in cases of ischaemia–reperfusion. Although the levels of MDA and Na+‐K+ ATP ase in group 2 were not equal to the level in group 1, antioxidant therapy significantly improved the tendency to reverse the effects of ischaemia–reperfusion and to protect the liver from damage due to ischaemia–reperfusion. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of phosphoprotein phosphatase inhibitors (phenylarsine oxide and cantharidin) on Tetrahymena
Authors: Kovács Péter , Pintér Miklós 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe effects of phenylarsine oxide (PAO) (phosphotyrosine phosphatase inhibitor) and cantharidin (serine/threonine phosphatase [PP2A] inhibitor) treatments were analysed on the synthesis of phospholipids and glycolipids, and on the cytoskeletal elements (F‐actin and tubulin containing structures) of Tetrahymena pyriformis. Both phosphatase inhibitors reduced the amount of incorporated 32 of the whole phospholipid content, but the ratio of phosphatidylserine (PS) and phosphatidylcholine (PC) to the total phospholipid content increased. Both treatments influenced the phosphatidylinositol (PI) system. These inhibitors also influenced the incorporation of palmitic acid into the phospholipids: in general PAO decreased, whereas cantharidin increased the amount of incorporated palmitic acid; 1 μm cantharidin significantly increased the labelling of PE and PA. The incorporation of mannose and glucosamine was influenced differently by PAO and cantharidin treatments: the latter elevated, while PAO decreased the labelling of glycolipids with these sugars. The effects of these treatments were visible also in the case of confocal scanning laser microscopic (CSLM) images: after treatments with both inhibitors, the F‐actin containing cortical elements were destroyed, but the tubulin containing ones (longitudinal and transversal microtubules, oral apparatus and deep fibres) did not display significant alterations. The different effects of phosphatase inhibitors were visible also on the scanning electron microscopic (sEM) images: cantharidin treatments (1μm) decreased the amount of dissolved membrane lipids after chemical dehydration of the cells with 2, 2‐dimethoxy propane (DMP), but in the case of treatments with 10 μm, the surface pattern of cells was similar to the controls. On the other hand, after PAO treatments the surface pattern of Tetrahymena showed significant alterations. Both phospahatase inhibitors inhibited the phagocytotic activity of the cells. On the basis of present experiments we suppose that these treatments are able to influence signalling systems (e.g. PI) of Tetrahymena, and also the structure of the cytoskeleton and the functions (e.g. phagocytosis) which are connected with skeletal elements. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Studies on p53 and Bax protein expression in Cockayne syndrome cells after UV irradiation and interferon‐β treatment
Authors: Sugita Katsuo , Chi Xiao‐Jun , Hiwasa Takaki , Nobuo Nobuo 
Published: September 2002

AbstractHuman interferon (HuIFN) has a protective effect against ultraviolet (UV)‐induced killing of Cockayne syndrome (CS) and xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) cells. Irradiation with ultraviolet (UV) resulted in nuclear accumulation of p53 in normal human fibroblast cells, and this accumulation was suppressed by treatment with HuIFN‐β. On the other hand, a large amount of p53 was found in both nuclear and cytoplasmic fractions of one SV40‐transformed XP and two SV40‐transformed CS cell strains irrespective of UV irradiation. Treatment with HuIFN‐β reduced the level of pro‐apoptotic Bax protein without suppression of nuclear accumulation of p53 in the CS cells but not in the XP cells. These findings suggest that there are different mechanisms of UV‐refractoriness caused by HuIFN‐β in UV‐sensitive CS and XP cells. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Antimicrotubular and cytotoxic activity of geiparvarin analogues, alone and in combination with paclitaxel
Authors: Miglietta Antonella , Bocca Claudia , Gabriel Ludovica , Rampa Angela , Bisi Alessandra , Valenti Piero 
Published: September 2002

AbstractGeiparvarin is an antiproliferative compound isolated from the leaves of Geijera parviflora, and may represent a new drug which targets tubulin. To better explore the potential use of this agent, we investigated the antimicrotubular and cytotoxic effects of new synthetic aromatic derivatives of geiparvarin. These drugs inhibited polymerization of microtubular protein, particularly when the assembly was induced by paclitaxel. The microtubular network organization of fibroblasts was altered more effectively by some drugs. Normal microtubule architecture completely disappeared when the cells were treated simultaneously with drugs and paclitaxel: microtubules depolymerized or were reorganized into bundles, in a similar but more disarrayed fashion than that observed after treatment with paclitaxel alone. Cytotoxicity studies showed a dose‐dependent effect, whereas combined administration of drugs and paclitaxel increased cytotoxicity, more effectively in paclitaxel versus derivatives administration alone. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cytokine detection in HIV‐1/HHV‐8 co‐infected subjects
Authors: Pugliese Agostino , Torre Donato , Saini Andrea , Pagliano Gloria , Gallo Gloria , Pistono Pietro Giorgio , Paggi Gian Carlo 
Published: September 2002

AbstractIn a previous work we have evaluated some immunologic and haematologic parameters of HIV‐1 positive subjects co‐infected with HHV‐8. A worsening of these values were generally described in these patients as compared with those HIV‐1 positive, but negative for HHV‐8. Now we have studied the influence of HHV‐8 co‐infection of HIV‐1 positive subjects on the production of some cytokines to make clear the question of its role in the immuno‐deregulation of the above‐mentioned subjects. In particular we have analysed serum levels of IL‐4 and IL‐10, Th2 type T cells cytokines, IFN‐γ, an indirect marker of Th1 cells activation and IL‐18, a cytokine produced by monocytic‐macrophagic cells, which is able to induce IFN‐γ production and Th1 T lymphocytes activation. No significant differences were found as regards the IFN‐γ serum levels (92.1 ± 24.3 pg ml−1 in the case of HIV‐1 positive/HHV‐8 negative subjects and 96.0 ± 17.4 pg ml−1 in those HIV‐1 positive/HHV‐8 positive). In healthy subjects the mean level of this cytokine was 17.6 ± 5.2 pg ml−1 (significant difference with both the former values at p < 0.001). Moreover IL‐4 and IL‐10, which were undetectable in healthy individuals, showed the following values in HIV‐1positive/HHV‐8 negative subjects: 31.9 ± 2.7 pg ml−1 and 119.8 ± 85.1 pg ml−1 respectively and in HIV‐1 positive/HHV‐8 positive subjects: 30.4 ± 4.8 pg ml−1 and 69.4 ± 65.3 pg ml−1 (not significant differences). In contrast IL‐18 reached a mean level of 1001.2 ± 360.5 pg ml−1 in HIV‐1 positive/HHV‐8 negative subjects, but showed a significant reduction in HIV‐1 positive/HHV‐8 positive subjects (737.6 ± 284.3 pg ml−1→p < 0.05) and presented very low levels in healthy individuals (21.3 ± 30.3 pg ml−1). Moreover a significant correlation (−0.984→p < 0.001) was noticed between IL‐18 reduction in HIV‐1 positive subjects co‐infected with HHV‐8 and the degree of positivity of HHV‐8. These data suggest that HHV‐8 co‐infection has no influence on the switch Th1→ Th2 in HIV‐1 positive subjects, but is able to reduce IL‐18 production, useful for Th1 subset restoration. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Age‐related changes in the glutathione redox system
Authors: Erden‐İnal Mine , Sunal Emine , Kanbak Güngör 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe effect of aging on the glutathione redox system was evaluated in this study. For this purpose, we determined reduced glutathione (GSH) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) in whole blood, glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione reductase (GSSGR) in erythrocytes and selenium (Se) in plasma in 176 healthy individuals. We also calculated GSH/GSSG molar ratios. These subjects were divided into five groups: group 1 (n = 25; 0.2–1 years old); group 2 (n = 28; 2–11 years old); group 3 (n = 23; 12–24 years old); group 4 (n = 40; 25–40 years old); group 5 (n = 60; 41–69 years old). GSH levels in groups 1 and 5 were significantly lower than the other groups (p< 0.001). Conversely, GSSG levels were significantly high in these periods (p< 0.001). The GSH/GSSG molar ratio was found to be low both in the first year of life and in the oldest group (p< 0.001, respectively). GPx activity in group 5 was increased as compared to the other groups (p< 0.001). GSSGR activity was significantly lower in the oldest groups than in the other groups (p< 0.001). Se levels were found to be low in the oldest group (p< 0.001). Selenium levels of women in group 5 were significantly high as compared to the men (p< 0.01). We found negative correlations between age and GSH levels (r = 0.402; p< 0.001), selenium levels (r = 0.454; p< 0.001), GSH/GSSG molar ratio (r = 0.557; p< 0.001) and GSSGR activity (r = 0.556; p< 0.001). There were positive correlations between age and GPx (r = 0.538; p< 0.001) and GSSG level (r = 0.551; p< 0.001). In conclusion, our findings show that the glutathione redox system is affected by age. Oxidative stress increases during the aging process. There is no effect of aging on the glutathione redox system according to sex except for the Se level. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
1α,25‐Dihydroxyvitamin D3 inhibits rat liver ultrastructural changes and the development of γ‐glutamyltranspeptidase‐positive foci in diethylnitrosamine‐initiated and streptozotocin‐induced diabetes‐promoted hepatocarcinogenesis
Authors: Saha Barun Kanti , Bhattacharya Radha , Chatterjee Malay 
Published: September 2002

AbstractIn the present study, the chemopreventive effect of the active metabolite of vitamin D, 1α,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3 (VD3), against chemically‐induced and diabetes‐promoted rat liver carcinogenesis was investigated. Hepatocarcinogenesis was initiated with a single intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of diethylnitrosamine (DEN) (125 mg kg−1 body weight) at week 4 followed by promotion with streptozotocin (STZ) (65 mg kg−1 body weight with a single i.p. injection) at week 7. With this basic experimental regimen, the effect of VD3 (0.3 μg (0.1 ml)−1 propylene glycol per os twice a week) was investigated with effect from 4 weeks prior to the exposure of DEN. The results showed that VD3 supplementation throughout the experimental period reduced the incidence, total number and multiplicity and altered the size of visible persistent nodules (PNs) in DEN‐ or DEN + STZ‐treated rats as compared with their respective controls. In these two groups, it also caused a significant decrease in the number (p < 0.002 and 0.001 respectively) and focal area (p < 0.05) of γ‐glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT)‐positive hepatic foci. Moreover, continuous supplementation of VD3 exhibits a protective effect in maintaining the normal cellular architecture of the hepatocytes in DEN‐ or DEN + STZ‐treated rats. Our results thus strongly suggest that VD3 is very effective in the inhibition of DEN‐initiated and STZ‐induced diabetes‐promoted rat liver carcinogenesis. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Azaanthraquinone inhibits respiration and in vitro growth of long slender bloodstream forms of Trypanosoma congolense
Authors: Nok Andrew Jonathan 
Published: September 2002

AbstractAn ethanolic extract of Mitracarpus scaber was found to possess in vitro and in vivo trypanocidal activity against Trypanosoma congolense. At a dosage of 50 mg kg−1 day−1 in normal saline for 5 days, the extract cured Balbc mice infected with T. congolense without any relapse. The isolated active component benz(g)isoquinoline 5,10 dione (Azaanthraquinone) (AQ) purified from the extract was found to inhibit glucose‐dependent cellular respiration and glycerol‐3‐phosphate‐dependent mitochondrial O2 assimilation of the long bloodstream forms of Trypanosoma congolense. On account of the pattern of inhibition, the target could be the mitochondrial electron transport system composed of glyceraldehyde 3‐phosphate dehydrogenase (G3PDH). The azaanthraquinone specifically inhibited the reduced coenzyme Q1‐dependent O2 uptake of the mitochondria with respect to ubiquinone. The susceptible site could be due to ubiquinone redox system which links the two enzyme activities. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Angiographic outcome after intracoronary X‐Sizer helical atherectomy and thrombectomy: First use in humans
Authors: Kwok On‐Hing , Prpic Ross , Gaspar Jorge , Mathey Detlef G. , Escobar A. , Goldar‐Najafi Atoussa , Reifart Nicolaus , Ischinger Thomas A. , Popma Jeffrey J. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe objective of this study was to evaluate the early angiographic outcome in the first human subjects who underwent intracoronary atherectomy and thrombectomy using the X‐Sizer helical cutting and aspiration system. Percutaneous coronary interventions in patients with thrombo‐occlusive disease or friable degenerative saphenous vein grafts are associated with considerable periprocedural morbidity and mortality, predominantly related to microscopic distal embolization. X‐Sizer catheter system is a novel atherectomy and thrombectomy device that consists of a helix cutter connected to a handheld motor drive unit and a vacuum collection chamber for aspiration of excised atheroma, thrombus, and debris. Quantitative coronary angiography was obtained in 14 patients before and after X‐Sizer extraction atherectomy with adjunctive balloon angioplasty and stenting. Thirteen native coronary arteries and one saphenous vein graft were treated. Mean preprocedural reference vessel diameter was 3.06 ± 0.66 mm. There were 71.4% AHA/ACC type B2 and C lesions. Preprocedural thrombus was present in nine patients and total occlusion in 64% of cases. Minimal luminal diameter was increased from 0.29 ± 0.47 mm to 1.32 ± 0.64 mm, a gain of 1.04 ± 0.69 mm after atherectomy. Final total gain was 1.47 ± 0.61 mm. Mean diameter stenosis was reduced from 89.3% to a final residual stenosis of 14.4%. Postatherectomy distal embolization occurred in one patient who had heavy preprocedural thrombus burden. No episodes of perforation, distal coronary spasm, abrupt closure, or slow/no‐reflow occurred. The angiographic analysis of the first cohort of human subjects suggests that X‐Sizer helical atherectomy is a feasible method of removing occlusive tissue or thrombus in coronary artery disease with a low angiographic complication rate. A large‐scale randomized phase II clinical trial is underway to determine the ultimate safety and efficacy of this device in thrombo‐occlusive native coronary arteries and saphenous vein grafts. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2002;55:133–139. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A protocol for prevention of radiographic contrast nephropathy during percutaneous coronary intervention: Effect of selective dopamine receptor agonist fenoldopam
Authors: Kini Annapoorna S. , Mitre Cristina A. , Kim Michael , Kamran Mazullah , Reich David , Sharma Samin K. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractRadiographic contrast nephropathy (RCN), acute worsening of renal function due to contrast agents, can occur in 15%–40% of patients with baseline renal dysfunction undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and is associated with increased morbidity and in‐hospital mortality. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether the selective dopamine‐1 (DA‐1) receptor agonist fenoldopam would be beneficial in patients with chronic renal insufficiency (CRI) undergoing PCI and also to design a protocol for prevention of RCN. We analyzed 150 consecutive patients with CRI [baseline serum creatinine (BSCr) ≥ 1.5% mg] who underwent PCI and received fenoldopam during and after the procedure, in addition to saline hydration. RCN, defined as > 25% increase of BSCr 48–72 hr after PCI, occurred in 4.7% (n = 7) of 150 PCI patients receiving fenoldopam and 3.5% in diabetics (n = 85) vs. 6.1% in nondiabetics (n = 65; P = NS). No patients required dialysis. The observed 4.7% incidence of RCN with fenoldopam was significantly lower than 18.8% incidence in the historical control group (P < 0.001). Our data suggest that fenoldopam is a useful adjunct in the prevention of RCN during PCI, especially in diabetics. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2002;55:169–173. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Late coronary stent thrombosis: Early vs. late stent thrombosis in the stent era
Authors: Wang Fenwei , Stouffer George A. , Waxman Sergio , Uretsky Barry F. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe incidence of coronary stent thrombosis is < 1%–2% in recent studies, with the highest‐risk period considered to be the first 30 days following stent implantation. Recently, stent thrombosis after 30 days has been reported in patients undergoing brachytherapy with stenting. We reviewed the incidence of stent thrombosis causing myocardial infarction in nonbrachytherapy patients at our institution between 1 January 1996 and 30 November 1999. A case control methodology was employed with a 1:3 ratio of stent thrombosis to control patients. Of 1,191 patients undergoing coronary stenting, acute (< 24 hr) plus subacute (1–30 days) stent thrombosis occurred in 0.92% (11 of 1,191 patients). A further 0.76% (9 of 1,191 patients) developed late stent thrombosis after 30 days. There were no clinical or angiographic features at the time of the initial procedure that were associated with stent thrombosis as an entire group compared with control group, but early (acute and subacute) stent thrombosis patients had a smaller final stent minimal lumen diameter and longer stent length compared with patients who had late stent thrombosis or controls. Late stent thrombosis occurs in nonbrachytherapy patients and is almost as frequent as early stent thrombosis. Further studies are required to determine whether longer‐term poststent pharmacological treatment may decrease or prevent this complication. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2002;55:142–147. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Simultaneous intracoronary pressure and Doppler guidewires to assess coronary stenosis: If one is enough, are two too much?
Authors: Ruiz‐Salmerón Rafael J. , Goicolea Javier , Sanmartín Marcelo , Mantilla Ramón , Sterling Juan , Romeo Daniela 
Published: September 2002

AbstractWe report a potential source of erroneous estimation of stenosis severity by pressure guidewire assessment. Simultaneous introduction of pressure and Doppler guidewires can lead to an overestimation of stenosis pressure gradient in the evaluation of intermediate stenosis. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2002;55:255–259. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Patterns of in‐stent restenosis after placement of NIR gold‐coated stents in unselected patients
Authors: Danzi Gian Battista , Capuano Cinzia , Sesana Marco , Di Blasi Alberto , Predolini Simonetta , Antoniucci David 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe aim of this study was to assess the incidence and angiographic patterns of in‐stent restenosis 6 months after the implantation of NIR gold‐coated stents in an unselected patient population. One hundred and sixteen consecutive patients were treated with the implantation of 149 NIR gold‐coated stents. The majority of the patients (52%) had unstable angina or acute myocardial infarction. The baseline lesion morphology was complex in 78% of cases; the mean lesion length was 18 ± 5 mm. The procedural success rate was 97%. Subacute stent thrombosis occurred in three patients (2.6%). During the 6‐month follow‐up, there were 2 deaths and 22 subjects (19.5%) underwent target vessel revascularization. The 6‐month event‐free survival was 60%. The angiographic restenosis rate was 32%. In 83% of the cases, the morphology of the restenosis was proliferative; in the remaining 17%, it presented as total occlusion. In conclusion, the restenosis rate after NIR gold‐coated stent implantation in high‐risk patients is similar to that reported using other stent designs. However, restenosis was always diffuse, involving the overall stent length and extending beyond the margins, thus indicating a greater proliferative neointimal response to this device. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2002;55:157–162. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.