bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An imaging review of the hippocampus and its common pathologies
Authors: Lang Min , Colby Samantha , Ashby‐Padial Christian , Bapna Monika , Jaimes Camilo , Rincon Sandra P. , Buch Karen 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe hippocampus is a complex structure located in the mesial temporal lobe that plays a critical role in cognitive and memory‐related processes. The hippocampal formation consists of the dentate gyrus, hippocampus proper, and subiculum, and its importance in the neural circuitry makes it a key anatomic structure to evaluate in neuroimaging studies. Advancements in imaging techniques now allow detailed assessment of hippocampus internal architecture and signal features that has improved identification and characterization of hippocampal abnormalities. This review aims to summarize the neuroimaging features of the hippocampus and its common pathologies. It provides an overview of the hippocampal anatomy on magnetic resonance imaging and discusses how various imaging techniques can be used to assess the hippocampus. The review explores neuroimaging findings related to hippocampal variants (incomplete hippocampal inversion, sulcal remnant and choroidal fissure cysts), and pathologies of neoplastic (astrocytoma and glioma, ganglioglioma, dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor, multinodular and vacuolating neuronal tumor, and metastasis), epileptic (mesial temporal sclerosis and focal cortical dysplasia), neurodegenerative (Alzheimer's disease, progressive primary aphasia, and frontotemporal dementia), infectious (Herpes simplex virus and limbic encephalitis), vascular (ischemic stroke, arteriovenous malformation, and cerebral cavernous malformations), and toxic‐metabolic (transient global amnesia and opioid‐associated amnestic syndrome) etiologies.
Coffee is more than flavor, the creation of a coffee character wheel
Authors: Williams Simon D. , de Andrade Danilo , Liu Lei 
Published: October 2023

AbstractCoffee is more than flavor. Though many articles focus on assessing coffee's flavor, the coffee characteristics for the acidity, mouthfeel, and aftertaste form part of the industry‐standard assessment. The existing coffee flavor wheels provide commonly used terms for the assessment. However, there is limited discussion about the coffee acidity, mouthfeel, and aftertaste character. In this study, the terms used for describing coffee acidity, mouthfeel, and aftertaste were collated from published literature, coffee sensory panels, and internet material. A total of 679 unique sensory terms were identified for acidity, mouthfeel, and aftertaste and correlated into word maps. Based on word relationships and usage, the number of terms was reduced to a total of 95 for acidity, mouthfeel, aftertaste, and an overall grouping for shared terms. The reduced terms were arranged onto a coffee character wheel organized from broad to specific. The created character wheel provides a concise list of terms for coffee cuppers to assess acidity, mouthfeel, and aftertaste.Practical ApplicationsThe coffee character wheel compliments the currently published coffee flavor wheels to provide explicit descriptors commonly used in the coffee industry. In addition to flavor, acidity, mouthfeel, and aftertaste are also used to assess coffee quality. Many sensory terms have been used to describe these attributes, but these used terms have not been summarized or discussed. Analysis of the used terms can assist in creating a common language surrounding the coffee character. The broad to specific terms on this coffee character wheel can help coffee cuppers to describe coffee acidity, mouthfeel, and aftertaste.
Use of ultrasound imaging for assessment of the periodontium: A systematic review
Authors: Figueredo Carlos Alberto , Catunda Raisa Queiroz , Gibson Monica P. , Major Paul W. , Almeida Fabiana T. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe objective of this study was to systematically review the literature regarding diagnostic applications of ultrasound imaging for evaluation of the periodontium in humans. The search was conducted on Medline, EMBASE, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane, and PubMed up to April 3, 2023. The studies included were exclusively human studies that assessed the periodontium with ultrasound (US) imaging (b‐mode). Outcomes measured included alveolar bone level, alveolar bone thickness, gingival thickness, and blood flow quantification. References were imported to Covidence. Two reviewers conducted phases 1 and 2. The JBI risk assessment tool for cross‐sectional studies was used. Extracted data included the transducer and measurements used and the study's outcomes. The search yielded 4892 studies after removing duplicates. From these, 25 studies were included and selected for extraction. Included studies retrieved outcomes from US examinations of the periodontal tissues. From the selected studies, 15 used US on natural teeth, 4 used US on implants, 2 used US on edentulous ridges, and 4 used color flow/power in US to evaluate the blood flow. The results of the present systematic review suggest that US might be a feasible and valuable diagnostic tool for the periodontium, with the potential to complement shortfalls of current radiographic technologies.
Development and validation of a novel system that combines a new masticatory simulator and analysis method for modeling the human gummy candy masticatory process
Authors: Kanda Reina , Inoue Motoki , Hisajima Tomoko , Toyama Yoshio 
Published: October 2023

AbstractDuring mastication, food undergoes state and texture changes influenced by various mechanical properties, including compression and fracturing of the molar teeth, mixing with saliva, and oral temperature. Prior studies have explored mastication simulators, however, no studies have assessed the forces and duration applied to the molars by the food during bolus formation. In this study, we developed a novel system that integrates a masticatory simulator and analysis method to evaluate mechanical properties. We developed ORAL‐MAPS which is equipped with 6‐axis force sensor, pneumatic pressure control mechanism, vertical movement, molar‐like module, artificial saliva injection unit, and temperature control apparatus. A gap exists between the upper and lower unit at the closest point, allowing the sensor to measure vertical upward force and duration from food, while compressed air provides constant downward pressure. We hypothesized a correlation between the total integrated muscle activity ratio obtained from the human masseter muscle electromyography (iEMG). We compared the normalized impulse obtained from ORAL‐MAPS with the normalized total iEMG obtained from human studies with four different types of gummy candies. As a result, the normalized total impulse of gummy candies A, B, C, and D were 1.00 ± 0.00, 1.29 ± 0.06, 0.95 ± 0.00, and 0.39 ± 0.0, respectively. The normalized total iEMG of the same gummy candies were 1.00 ± 0.00, 1.23 ± 0.15, 0.98 ± 0.09, and 0.45 ± 0.07, respectively. Thus, no significant difference was observed between the normalized total impulse obtained in vitro and the normalized total iEMG values for masticating the gummy candies B, C, and D (p > .05).
Metaphyseal Metal Sleeves for Reconstruction of Severe Knee Bone Defects: Excellent Survival Rate at a Mean Follow‐Up of 6.4 Years
Authors: Liu Yang , Zhang Yanchao , Shen Junmin , Zhang Bohan , Ma Haiyang , Zhou Yonggang 
Published: October 2023

ObjectiveManagement of bone loss in complex primary and revision total knee arthroplasty is key to the surgeries. Metaphyseal metal sleeves have been increasingly used recently to reconstruct severe knee metaphyseal bone defects. This study aimed to investigate the outcomes of the metaphyseal sleeve reconstructing Anderson Orthopedic Research Institute (AORI) type II and type III bone defects of knee joint.MethodsFrom 2014 to 2019, a total of 44 knees were enrolled in this clinical retrospective study after the screening, including seven cases of primary TKA and 37 cases of revision TKA. The types of bone defects involved in this study were AORI types II and III, and did not involve AORI type I bone defects. Patients' knee function preoperatively and postoperatively as well as quality of life were recorded and analyzed. Analysis included the American Knee Society Score (KSS), hospital for special surgery knee score (HSS), the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities (WOMAC) index, the Short Form 12 (SF‐12) health survey, visual analogue scale score, and radiographic assessment with a mean follow‐up of 6.4 years. Paired t‐tests were used to determine the significance of changes in clinical scores and knee mobility.ResultsA mean follow‐up of 77.2 (±17.6, standard deviation [SD]) months was performed, and none of the patients underwent knee revision for infection or aseptic loosening. At the last follow‐up, the KSS knee score changed statistically from 37.1 (±19.7) preoperatively to 86.5 (±13.6, SD, p < 0.001) postoperatively and the KSS function score from 32.7 (±24.0) preoperatively to 78.3 (±15.6, SD, p < 0.001) postoperatively. The knee mobility improved from a mean of preoperative 72.61° (±33.42°, SD) to 108.52° (±24.15°, SD, p < 0.001). Postoperative radiographs showed that the host bone was tightly integrated with the metaphyseal metal sleeve, and there was no obvious translucent line formation around the sleeve. Of the patients, 86.4% had a postoperative satisfaction score ≥8 (10‐point scale).ConclusionAt the mean follow‐up of 6.4 years, the survival rate of the metaphyseal sleeves was 100%. Metaphyseal sleeves combined with cementless stems is an excellent and viable option for reconstruction of AORI type II and type III bone defects of the knee.
The chromatin remodeller MdRAD5B enhances drought tolerance by coupling MdLHP1‐mediated H3K27me3 in apple
Authors: Song Yi , He Jieqiang , Guo Junxing , Xie Yinpeng , Ma Ziqing , Liu Zeyuan , Niu Chundong , Li Xuewei , Chu Baohua , Tahir Muhammad Mobeen , Xu Jidi , Ma Fengwang , Guan Qingmei 
Published: October 2023

SummaryRAD5B belongs to the Rad5/16‐like group of the SNF2 family, which often functions in chromatin remodelling. However, whether RAD5B is involved in chromatin remodelling, histone modification, and drought stress tolerance is largely unclear. We identified a drought‐inducible chromatin remodeler, MdRAD5B, which positively regulates apple drought tolerance. Transposase‐accessible chromatin with high‐throughput sequencing (ATAC‐seq) analysis showed that MdRAD5B affects the expression of 466 drought‐responsive genes through its chromatin remodelling function in response to drought stress. In addition, MdRAD5B interacts with and degrades MdLHP1, a crucial regulator of histone H3 trimethylation at K27 (H3K27me3), through the ubiquitin‐independent 20S proteasome. Chromatin immunoprecipitation‐sequencing (ChIP‐seq) analysis revealed that MdRAD5B modulates the H3K27me3 deposition of 615 genes in response to drought stress. Genetic interaction analysis showed that MdRAD5B mediates the H3K27me3 deposition of drought‐responsive genes through MdLHP1, which causes their expression changes under drought stress. Our results unravelled a dual function of MdRAD5B in gene expression modulation in apple in response to drought, that is, via the regulation of chromatin remodelling and H3K27me3.
Conservative ethnic minority LGTBQ+: Facing the challenge of intersectionality in an inhospitable environment
Authors: Zehavi Amos , Keshet Or 
Published: October 2023

AbstractLGBTQ+ suffer from intolerance everywhere, but in certain conservative minority communities, intolerance is especially high. This study explores how non‐minority organizations—government and nonprofit—might support minority LGBTQ+ individuals on the backdrop of tense majority‐minority relations. While the extension of external support responds to LGBTQ+ plight, it is also likely to provoke community backlash. Research is based on a qualitative case study, which includes document analysis and 17 in‐depth interviews focusing on the institutional support system addressing the plight of LGBTQ+ Palestinian citizens of Israel. The research suggests that an outside‐inside strategy could be effective: A range of services outside of Palestinian spaces is adapted/established to support individual LGBTQ+ and inside Palestinian towns gradual progress is achieved by training local public workers to work with LGBTQ+. This approach contrasts with bottom‐up and straightforward top‐down approaches to intervention.
Stepwise options for preparing therapeutic plasma proteins from domestic plasma in low‐ and middle‐income countries
Authors: Burnouf Thierry , Epstein Jay , Faber Jean‐Claude , Smid W. Martin ,   the Working Party for Global Blood Safety of the International Society of Blood Transfusion
Published: October 2023

AbstractIndustrial plasma fractionation, a complex and highly regulated technology, remains largely inaccessible to many low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs). This, combined with the limited availability and high cost of plasma‐derived medicinal products (PDMPs), creates deficiency of access to adequate treatment for patients in resource‐limited countries, and leads to their suffering. Meanwhile, an increasing number of LMICs produce surplus plasma, as a by‐product of red blood cell preparation from whole blood, that is discarded because of the lack of suitability for fractionation. This article reviews pragmatic technological options for processing plasma collected from LMICs into therapies and supports a realistic stepwise approach aligned with recent World Health Organization guidance and initiatives launched by the Working Party for Global Blood Safety of the International Society of Blood Transfusion. When industrial options based on contract or toll plasma fractionation programme and, even more, domestic fractionation facilities require larger volumes of quality plasma than is produced, alternative methods should be considered. In‐bag minipool or small‐scale production procedures implementable in blood establishments or national service centres are the only realistic options available to gradually reduce plasma wastage, provide safer treatments for patients currently treated with non‐pathogen‐reduced blood products and concurrently improve Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) levels with minimum capital investment. As a next step, when the available volume of quality‐assured plasma reaches the necessary thresholds, LMICs could consider engaging with an established fractionator in a fractionation agreement or a contract in support of a domestic fractionation facility to improve the domestic PDMP supply and patients' treatment.
Serological exposure to influenza A in cats from an area with wild birds positive for avian influenza
Authors: Villanueva‐Saz Sergio , Martínez Mariví , Rueda Pablo , Pérez María Dolores , Lacasta Delia , Marteles Diana , Ruíz Héctor , Gonzalez Ana , Verde María Teresa , Pardo Julián , Arias Maykel , Peña‐Fresneda Natacha , Fernández Antonio , Trotta Michele 
Published: October 2023

AbstractInfluenza A is an emerging zoonotic virus with worldwide distribution. To our knowledge, no studies have been conducted to assess influenza A exposure in stray cats in regions with positive cases of wild birds. This study aimed to determine the seroprevalence of anti‐influenza A antibodies in feral cats from a region in Spain with cases of positive wild birds. A cross‐sectional study of stray cats (n = 183) was conducted between March 2022 and March 2023. The presence of antibodies against the influenza A virus was tested using a commercial enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay kit adapted for this study and confirmed by competitive enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of antibodies against the haemagglutinin H5. During sample collection, none of the cats exhibited clinical signs of illness. Four of the 183 animals tested showed anti‐influenza A antibodies by ELISA, and the seroprevalence of influenza A was 2.19% (95% confidence interval 0.85%–5.48%). Due to the low number of positive cases detected, it appears that cats did not have an important epidemiological role in influenza A transmission during this period.
An Examination of Bilateral Skill Proficiency and Frequency of Pass in Selected and Nonselected Youth Academy Gaelic Footballers
Authors: Murray Kevin J. , Burns Con , Lacey Sean , O’ Neill Cian , Coughlan Edward K. 
Published: October 2023

This study examined differences in bilateral skill proficiency and frequency of use between selected and nonselected under-17 male intercounty academy Gaelic footballers. Participants (N = 82, mean age = 15.54 years, SD = 0.27) were retrospectively grouped as selected (n = 19) and nonselected (n = 63) for the final squad. A discrete skills test evaluated bilateral hand pass and kick pass proficiency. Within-academy matches (N = 8) were recorded to analyze in-game bilateral passing proficiency and frequency (N = 3,109). Selected players were more proficient in both nondominant kick pass (p = .001) and nondominant hand pass (p = .007) in the discrete skills test and nondominant hand pass (p = .002) in match play. Nonselected players used the dominant hand pass (p = .037) significantly more than selected players in match play. The strongest predictors of selection were the nondominant kick pass and nondominant hand pass in the skills test, and successful dominant kick pass and successful nondominant hand pass in match play (p < .05), with 89% of players correctly classified. The findings suggest that higher bilateral proficiency scores provide greater opportunities to be selected.
A truncated HIV Tat demonstrates potent and specific latency reversal activity
Authors: Van Gulck Ellen , Pardons Marion , Nijs Erik , Verheyen Nick , Dockx Koen , Van Den Eynde Christel , Battivelli Emilie , Vega Jerel , Florence Eric , Autran Brigitte , Archin Nancie M. , Margolis David M. , Katlama Christine , Hamimi Chiraz , Van Den Wyngaert Ilse , Eyassu Filmon , Vandekerckhove Linos , Boden Daniel 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT

A major barrier to HIV-1 cure is caused by the pool of latently infected CD4 T-cells that persist under combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). This latent reservoir is capable of producing replication-competent infectious viruses once prolonged suppressive cART is withdrawn. Inducing the reactivation of HIV-1 gene expression in T-cells harboring a latent provirus in people living with HIV-1 under cART may result in depletion of this latent reservoir due to cytopathic effects or immune clearance. Studies have investigated molecules that reactivate HIV-1 gene expression, but to date, no latency reversal agent has been identified to eliminate latently infected cells harboring replication-competent HIV in cART-treated individuals. Stochastic fluctuations in HIV-1
tat
gene expression have been described and hypothesized to allow the progression into proviral latency. We hypothesized that exposing latently infected CD4+ T-cells to Tat would result in effective latency reversal. Our results indicate the capacity of a truncated Tat protein and mRNA to reactivate HIV-1 in latently infected T-cells
ex vivo
to a similar degree as the protein kinase C agonist: phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, without T-cell activation or any significant transcriptome perturbation.
Supragingival mycobiome of HIV-exposed-but-uninfected children reflects a stronger correlation with caries-free-associated taxa compared to HIV-infected or uninfected children
Authors: O'Connell Lauren M. , Mann Allison E. , Osagie Esosa , Akhigbe Paul , Blouin Thomas , Soule Ashlyn , Obuekwe Ozoemene , Omoigberale Augustine , Burne Robert A. , Coker Modupe O. , Richards Vincent P. 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT

Highly active antiretroviral treatment (HAART) has greatly reduced opportunistic infections in HIV-infected individuals. However, even with the use of HAART, HIV-infected individuals are still at an increased risk of oral diseases, including dental caries. Dental caries development is associated with microbial community shifts leading to community dysbiosis. HIV infection can significantly alter the bacteriome and mycobiome composition in the oral cavity; however, these impacts have not been assessed for caries initiation and progression. The aim of this study was to characterize the mycobiome for supragingival plaque samples from HIV-infected (HI), HIV-exposed-but-uninfected (HEU), and HIV-unexposed-and-uninfected (HUU) children with and without caries. To accomplish this, ITS1 amplicons of 127 samples were sequenced. We found that HIV infection and exposure resulted in changes to the supragingival plaque mycobiome for both health and caries. Overall, a reduction in community diversity as caries progressed was observed, with HI children having the lowest diversity and HEU children the highest.
Candida albicans
was the most abundant species identified, with 177 different amplicon sequence variants (ASVs). Two
C. albicans
ASVs dominated the data (53.0% and 38.5% of all taxonomic assignments). The more frequent ASV dominated HI and HUU communities, whereas the second dominated HEU communities. HEU children also had the lowest abundance of
C. albicans
and the highest number of health-associated taxa (taxa statistically associated with caries-free teeth).

IMPORTANCE
Globally, caries is among the most frequent chronic childhood disease, and the fungal component of the microbial community responsible is poorly studied despite evidence that fungi contribute to increased acid production exacerbating enamel demineralization. HIV infection is another global health crisis. Perinatal HIV exposure with infection are caries risk factors; however, the caries experience in the context of perinatal HIV exposure without infection is less clear. Using high-throughput amplicon sequencing, we find taxonomic differences that become pronounced during late-stage caries. Notably, we show a stronger correlation with health-associated taxa for HIV-exposed-but-uninfected children when compared to unexposed and uninfected children. This aligns with a lower incidence of caries in primary teeth at age 6 or less for exposed yet uninfected children. Ultimately, these findings could contribute to improved risk assessment, intervention, and prevention strategies such as biofilm disruption and the informed design of pro-, pre-, and synbiotic oral therapies.