bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Review of the Disaster Risk Assessment Perspectives
Authors: Munasinghe Dayan , Fernando Terrance , Keraminiyage Kaushal , Karunawardena Asiri 
Published: December 2023

AbstractResearchers have explored different risk assessment approaches from the perspectives of different disciplines to capture urban risks, resulting in many risk assessment frameworks. In these frameworks, the risk environment is analysed using different quantitative and qualitative assessment methods, such as fuzzy set, probability theory, and evidence theory. While each approach has contributed to risk assessment, they suffer from a lack of consensus in defining and measuring the impact of risk in an urban environment.Therefore, the study aims to conduct a literature survey to consolidate a common set of risk assessment perspectives and approaches for measuring these risks.A structured review was carried out to achieve the aim of this research. The research question used for conducting the literature review was “What approaches are being used to define and measure the impact of hazard risks in an urban environment?”. The PICO (Population, Intervention, Compression Intervention, and Outcome) method was used to generate the search string for the literature review by considering the keywords in the research question. Initially, 206 research papers were selected through a search strategy, and by applying a screening method, 119 research articles were selected for the detailed review. The Nvivo software was supported for the review purpose; then, a mind map was developed, integrating all the risk assessment perspectives.Risk assessments were summarised by considering the various researchers’ perspectives. Thirty-four risk perspectives were identified through the literature, and a mind map was developed to understand the connectivity. This mind map was converted into a network diagram, and future requirements of risk perspectives were identified based on the risk assessment network diagram. According to the analysis, risk communication, risk treatment, critical curve, judgment curve, and risk matrix could be identified as future research areas. The risk reduction measuring strategies were identified by considering the feedback loop of the network diagram. Thus, 14 risk reduction strategies could be identified through the analysis.The risk assessment frameworks focused on holistic approaches, but most research studies did not adequately follow the risk perspectives. Therefore, research gaps were identified in the risk assessment process, and the areas were highlighted as state-of-the-art to conduct future research studies. The feedback loops of the network diagram emphasised the risk reduction strategies, which could be further researched through application to a case study.
How Promotion Guidelines Reflect Swedish Higher Education Institutions’ Societal Collaboration Strategies
Authors: Perez Vico Eugenia , Joelsson Erik , Mattsson Pauline , Nelhans Gustaf 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis chapter explores the alignment between the stated intention of Swedish Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) to matter and the assessment of individuals to matter. To achieve this aim, HEIs collaboration strategies are compared with the criteria for the guidance for merits regarding docentship. Our analysis reveals a notable disparity: the societal collaboration visions outlined in strategies were rarely reflected in promotion guidelines. There is a substantial degree of variability in how these guidelines address collaboration merits. Despite the prevalence of ambitious strategies among HEIs, only a minority align these aspirations with guidelines that encompass the breadth and depth required for effective, high-quality collaboration.
High-temperature electroweak baryogenesis with composite Higgs
Authors: von Harling Benedict , Matsedonskyi Oleksii , Servant Géraldine 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Electroweak Baryogenesis (EWBG) paired with the Composite Higgs (CH) scenario provides a well-motivated and testable framework for addressing the questions of the origin of the matter-antimatter asymmetry and the naturalness of the electroweak scale. The appeal of both concepts however experiences increasing pressure from the experimental side, as no conclusive signs of the corresponding new physics have been observed. In this note we present a modification of the minimal CH EWBG model, where electroweak symmetry breaking persists to temperatures far above the usually obtained upper bound of ~ 100 GeV. This allows for an increase of the mass of the main actor of EWBG in this scenario — the dilaton. Such a modification results in relaxing the tension with experimental data, generally modifying the phenomenology, and pointing at collider searches for the heavy dilaton as the main direction for its future tests.
Averaged null energy and the renormalization group
Authors: Hartman Thomas , Mathys Grégoire 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
We establish a connection between the averaged null energy condition (ANEC) and the monotonicity of the renormalization group, by studying the light-ray operator ∫ duTuu in quantum field theories that flow between two conformal fixed points. In four dimensions, we derive an exact sum rule relating this operator to the Euler coefficient in the trace anomaly, and show that the ANEC implies the a-theorem. The argument is based on matching anomalies in the stress tensor 3-point function, and relies on special properties of contact terms involving light-ray operators. We also illustrate the sum rule for the example of a free massive scalar field. Averaged null energy appears in a variety of other applications to quantum field theory, including causality constraints, Lorentzian inversion, and quantum information. The quantum information perspective provides a new derivation of the a-theorem from the monotonicity of relative entropy. The equation relating our sum rule to the dilaton scattering amplitude in the forward limit suggests an inversion formula for non-conformal theories.
Longitudinal Galilean and Carrollian limits of non-relativistic strings
Authors: Bidussi Leo , Harmark Troels , Hartong Jelle , Obers Niels A. , Oling Gerben 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
It is well known that one can take an infinite speed of light limit that gives rise to non-relativistic strings with a relativistic worldsheet sigma model but with a non-relativistic target space geometry. In this work we systematically explore two further limits in which the worldsheet becomes non-Lorentzian. The first gives rise to a Galilean string with a Galilean structure on the worldsheet, extending previous work on Spin Matrix-related string theory limits. The second is a completely novel limit leading to a worldsheet theory with a Carrollian structure. We find the Nambu-Goto and Polyakov formulations of both limits and explore gauge fixing choices. Furthermore, we study in detail the case of the Galilean string for a class of target space geometries that are related to Spin Matrix target space geometries, for which the Nambu-Goto action (in static gauge) is quadratic in the fields.
JAXVacua — a framework for sampling string vacua
Authors: Dubey A. , Krippendorf S. , Schachner A. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Moduli stabilisation in string compactifications with many light scalars remains a major blind-spot in the string landscape. In these regimes, analytic methods cease to work for generic choices of UV parameters which is why numerical techniques have to be exploited. In this paper, we implement algorithms based on JAX, heavily utilising automatic differentiation, just-in-time compilation and parallelisation features, to efficiently construct string vacua. This implementation provides a golden opportunity to efficiently analyse large unexplored regions of the string landscape. As a first example, we apply our techniques to the search of Type IIB flux vacua in Calabi-Yau orientifold compactifications. We argue that our methods only scale mildly with the Hodge numbers making exhaustive studies of low energy effective field theories with $$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
(100) scalar fields feasible. Using small computing resources, we are able to construct $$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
(106) flux vacua per geometry with h1,2 ≥ 2, vastly out-performing previous systematic searches. In particular, we showcase the efficiency of our methods by presenting generic vacua with fluxes below the tadpole constraint set by the orientifold with up to h1,2 = 25 complex structure moduli.
Hepatitis C in Haftanstalten
Authors: Dichtl Anna , Jamin Daniela , Stöver Heino , Grabski Meryem , Knorr Bärbel 
Published: December 2023

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Trotz genereller Fortschritte bei der Hepatitis-C-Behandlung in Deutschland ist unklar, inwieweit dies auch für bestimmte Schlüsselgruppen, wie etwa Inhaftierte, gilt.

Methoden
In einer Kurzbefragung im Juni 2021 wurden die Justizministerien der Bundesländer über Datenerhebungs- und Diagnostikmethoden sowie die Prävalenz von Infektionen mit dem Hepatitis-C-Virus (HCV) und HCV-Behandlungen von Gefangenen in Deutschland befragt. Ergänzend dazu wurden Expert*inneninterviews zu Barrieren und bisher nicht genutzten Chancen der HCV-Behandlung in Haft geführt.

Ergebnisse
Es zeigt sich, dass keine vollständige und flächendeckende Datenerhebung innerhalb der Justizministerien vorliegt. Präventionsmaßnahmen wie Opiatsubstitutionstherapie in Haft sind in allen teilnehmenden Bundesländern verfügbar. Spezifischere Angebote und Maßnahmen (z. B. Rasierer, Spritzentausch) finden sich nur vereinzelt und sind teilweise kostenpflichtig. Die Expert*innen zeigen auf, dass die Behandlung innerhalb der Justizvollzugsanstalten zwar grundsätzlich dem Äquivalenzprinzip nachkommt, aber die Zielgruppe schwerer zu erreichen ist.

Fazit
Wichtig für eine erfolgreiche HCV-Eliminierung in Justizvollzugsanstalten sind eine flächendeckende Aufklärung und Beratung zur HCV-Behandlung, konsequente HCV-Testung und -Behandlung sowie Präventionsmaßnahmen zur Vermeidung von (Re)Infektionen.
Rekonstruktive Beckenbodenchirurgie – Update 2024: prolapsassoziierte Symptome und deren Heilung
Authors: Liedl B. , Barba M. , Wenk M. 
Published: December 2023

ZusammenfassungDer urogenitale Deszensus und die assoziierte Symptomatik von Harninkontinenz, Stuhlinkontinenz, Blasen- und Stuhlentleerungsstörung und Schmerzen treten häufig auf und sind Volkskrankheit mit starker Beeinträchtigung der Lebensqualität und Verursachung großer Kosten für das Gesundheitssystem. Neuere Erkenntnisse der funktionellen Anatomie und Pathophysiologie dieser Beckenbodendysfunktionen zeigen, wie bindegewebige Lockerungen bzw. Defekte zu diesen Dysfunktionen führen. Es werden Ergebnisse der PROpel-Studie (ClinicalTrials.gov-Identifier: NCT00638235) gezeigt, in der eine ausführliche Symptombeobachtung mit PROM („patient-related outcome measures“) präoperativ und postoperativ erfolgte. Eine ligamentäre vaginale Prolapskorrektur erlaubt mittlerweile Symptomheilungen in hohen Prozentsätzen, sowohl von Harndranginkontinenz (bis zu 82 %), Nykturie (bis zu 92 %), Blasenentleerungsstörung (bis zu 87 %), Stuhlinkontinenz (58–72 %), obstruktiver Defäkation (71–84 %) und Schmerzen (53–90 %), wenn sie durch vaginalen Prolaps verursacht sind. Symptome treten bei Frauen mit POP-Q-Stadium II (Pelvic Organ Prolapse-Quantification) ähnlich häufig auf wie bei Frauen mit POP-Q-Stadium III–IV, und die anatomisch gute operative Korrektur führt zu ähnlich hohen Heilungsraten. Bei anatomisch guter (Responder) im Vergleich zur weniger guten Prolapskorrektur (Non-Responder) wurden signifikante Unterschiede der Heilungsraten sowohl für Blasenentleerungsstörung als auch für Harndranginkontinenz und Nykturie gesehen. Die künftige Beckenbodenchirurgie sollte als Ziel die Symptomheilung haben und zur Verbesserung der Lebensqualität führen. Die derzeit verwendeten unterschiedlichen Techniken zur Prolapskorrektur müssen diesbezüglich auf den Prüfstand gestellt werden.
Specific detection of Pyricularia oryzae pathotype Triticum using qPCR and LAMP methods
Authors: Ikeda Ken-ichi , Uchihashi Kaichi , Okuda Itsuki , Xiang Zikai , Nakayashiki Hitoshi 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWheat blast is an important disease that affects cross-border food security. The causal pathogen, Pyricularia oryzae (syn. Magnaporthe oryzae) Triticum pathotype (MoT), forms a phylogenetic group distinct from the other P. oryzae pathotypes pathogenic on various gramineous plants. Here we developed MoT-specific primer sets for qPCR and LAMP detection methods, and their amplification specificity and efficiency were tested in comparison with previous reported MoT-specific primers. The amplification efficiency and specificity were affected by the polymerase premix. To evaluate the detection specificity, purified DNA samples of 15 MoT isolates, 89 non-MoT isolates of Pyricularia spp., and crude DNA from wheat plants inoculated with MoT were used. We conclude that the Sp3 primer sets for qPCR and the MoT3L primer sets for LAMP were the best in this research.
Social inequalities in the use of physiotherapy in women diagnosed with breast cancer in Barcelona: DAMA cohort
Authors: Cogollos-de-la-Peña Rocio , Álvarez-Vargas Anaís , Domínguez-Navarro Fernando , Espelt Albert , Fuentes-Aparicio Laura , Puigpinós‑Riera Rosa 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Purpose
This study aimed to analyze social inequalities in the use and access of physiotherapy service and its clinical and socio-economic determinants in women diagnosed with breast cancer in the hospital network of Barcelona.

Methods
Data from 2235 women belonging to the mixed (prospective and retrospective) DAMA Cohort were analyzed, including demographic, socio-economic, clinical, and breast cancer treatment outcomes. To determine the influence of such variables on access to physiotherapy, different Poisson regression models with robust variance (obtaining Prevalence Ratios and confidence intervals) were estimated.

Results
Although when experiencing different chronic and acute symptoms, only between 20 and 35% of women visited physiotherapist. Two out of 3 women reported to have received insufficient information about medical care and rehabilitation. Age of women, job occupation, education level, having a mutual or private insurance, as well as outcomes related to breast cancer, appear to be factors influencing the access to physiotherapy.

Conclusions
Social and economic inequalities exist on the access to physiotherapy by women diagnosed with breast cancer, which is generally low, and may clearly impact on their functional recovery. Promoting strategies to reduce social bias, as well as improve communication and patient information regarding physiotherapy may be of interest for a better health care in breast cancer diagnosed women.
Value creation in post-pandemic retailing: a conceptual framework and implications
Authors: Imschloss Monika , Schwemmle Martin 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn the wake of the Covid-19 pandemic, the retail landscape has undergone profound and enduring changes, necessitating a comprehensive examination of its implications for both consumers and retailers. This study provides a systematic analysis of emergent shifts in consumer behavior and the resulting changes in consumer value creation. The authors develop a conceptual framework encompassing five key dimensions that likely will reshape value creation in post-pandemic retailing: hyperfunctional shopping, holistic health, hybrid connectedness, conscious hedonism, and responsible consumption. The authors propose that consumers will prefer retailers that accomplish creating value based on these dimensions through next-level customer experiences rooted in inspiration and social interaction, novel technologies, and innovations in store concepts, services, or retail operations. Critical to successfully delivering next-level customer experiences in this new retail landscape is retailers’ engagement in collaborations—both within the industry and with external partners. Accounting for these developments, this study offers implications for retailing practice and provides a roadmap for future retailing research in five key areas pertaining to the management of responsible, health-related, and digital customer experiences, the management of collaborations for creating next-level customer experiences, and the effective monetization of the evolving dimensions of value creation.
The Diagnostic Value of Whole-Exome Sequencing in a Spectrum of Rare Neurological Disorders Associated with Cerebellar Atrophy
Authors: Ashaat Engy A. , Ahmed Hoda A. , Elaraby Nesma M. , Fayez Alaaeldin , Metwally Ammal M. , Mekkawy Mona K. , Hussen Dalia Farouk , Ashaat Neveen A. , Elhossini Rasha M. , ElAwady Heba Ahmed , Abdelgawad Randa H. A. , Gammal Mona El , Al Kersh Mohamed Ahmed , Saleh Dina Amin 
Published: December 2023

AbstractSeveral neurological disorders, neurodevelopmental disorders, and neurodegenerative disorders have a genetic element with various clinical presentations ranging from mild to severe presentation. Neurological disorders are rare multifactorial disorders characterized by dysfunction and degeneration of synapses, neurons, and glial cells which are essential for movement, coordination, muscle strength, sensation, and cognition. The cerebellum might be involved at any time, either during development and maturation or later in life. Herein, we describe a spectrum of NDDs and NDs in seven patients from six Egyptian families. The core clinical and radiological features of our patients included dysmorphic features, neurodevelopmental delay or regression, gait abnormalities, skeletal deformities, visual impairment, seizures, and cerebellar atrophy. Previously unreported clinical phenotypic findings were recorded. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) was performed followed by an in silico analysis of the detected genetic variants’ effect on the protein structure. Three novel variants were identified in three genes MFSD8, AGTPBP1, and APTX, and other previously reported three variants have been detected in “TPP1, AGTPBP1, and PCDHGC4” genes. In this cohort, we described the detailed unique phenotypic characteristics given the identified genetic profile in patients with neurological “neurodevelopmental disorders and neurodegenerative disorders” disorders associated with cerebellar atrophy, hence expanding the mutational spectrum of such disorders.
New Estimates of Magnitude‐Frequency Distribution and b‐Value Using Relative Magnitudes for the 2011 Prague, Oklahoma Earthquake Sequence
Authors: Gable S. L. , Huang Y. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe magnitude‐frequency distribution (MFD) describes the relative proportion of earthquake magnitudes and provides vital information for seismic hazard assessment. The b‐value, derived from the MFD, is commonly used to estimate the probability that a future earthquake will exceed a specified magnitude threshold. Improved MFD and b‐value estimates are of great importance in the central and eastern United States where high volumes of fluid injection have contributed to a significant rise in seismicity over the last decade. In this study, we recalculate the magnitudes of 8,775 events for the 2011 Prague, Oklahoma sequence using a relative magnitude approach that depends only on waveform data to calculate magnitudes. We also compare the distribution of successive magnitude differences to the MFD and show that a combination of the magnitude difference distribution (MDFD) and relative magnitudes yields a reliable estimate of b‐value. Using the MDFD and relative magnitudes, we examine the temporal and spatial variations in the b‐value and show that b‐value ranges between ∼0.6 and 0.85 during the aftershock sequence for at least 5 months after the M 5.7 mainshock, though areas surrounding the northeast part of the sequence experience higher b‐values (0.7–0.85) than the southwestern part of the Meeker‐Prague fault where b‐value is the lowest (0.6–0.7). We also identify a cluster of off‐fault events with the highest b‐values in the catalog (0.85). These new estimates of MFD and b‐value will contribute to understanding of the relations between induced and tectonic earthquake sequences and promote discussion regarding the use of b‐value in induced seismic hazard estimation.
Greedy routing optimisation in hyperbolic networks
Authors: Sulyok Bendegúz , Palla Gergely 
Published: December 2023

AbstractFinding the optimal embedding of networks into low-dimensional hyperbolic spaces is a challenge that received considerable interest in recent years, with several different approaches proposed in the literature. In general, these methods take advantage of the exponentially growing volume of the hyperbolic space as a function of the radius from the origin, allowing a (roughly) uniform spatial distribution of the nodes even for scale-free small-world networks, where the connection probability between pairs decays with hyperbolic distance. One of the motivations behind hyperbolic embedding is that optimal placement of the nodes in a hyperbolic space is widely thought to enable efficient navigation on top of the network. According to that, one of the measures that can be used to quantify the quality of different embeddings is given by the fraction of successful greedy paths following a simple navigation protocol based on the hyperbolic coordinates. In the present work, we develop an optimisation scheme for this score in the native disk representation of the hyperbolic space. This optimisation algorithm can be either used as an embedding method alone, or it can be applied to improve this score for embeddings obtained from other methods. According to our tests on synthetic and real networks, the proposed optimisation can considerably enhance the success rate of greedy paths in several cases, improving the given embedding from the point of view of navigability.
Association between functional outcomes and psychological variables in persons with spinal cord injury
Authors: Lee Wonha , Jeong SangHyup , Lee Bum-Suk , Lim Jin-cheol , Kim Onyoo 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWe aimed to explore the association of functional outcomes with psychological variables, including depression, anxiety, sleep quality, and suicide risk, in persons with spinal cord injuries (SCIs). The secondary aim was to determine specific functions related to the psychological variables. This retrospective study included 259 persons with SCIs who were admitted to the Korean National Rehabilitation Center between 2019 and 2021. The participants were interviewed by a psychiatrist and completed questionnaires, including the Korean Beck Depression Inventory II (K-BDI-II), Korean Beck Anxiety Index, Insomnia Severity Index, and Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview. To assess functional outcomes, the Spinal Cord Independence Measure III (SCIM III) and Walking Index for Spinal Cord Injury were determined by a physical therapist. The findings revealed a negative correlation of SCIM III subdivisions 1 and 3 with K-BDI-II. Specifically, feeding and mobility in bed and actions to prevent pressure injuries were functional factors associated with all four psychological variables. Our findings can guide clinicians to focus on improving functional independence and activities of daily living during the management of persons with SCI to prevent psychological consequences. Developing devices that aid in improving functional independence is crucial and may improve psychological problems in such individuals.