bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preferences for oral PrEP dosing among adolescent boys and young men in three sub-Saharan African countries
Authors: Kakande Ayoub , Ssemata Andrew Sentoogo , Muhumuza Richard , Atujuna Millicent , Abaasa Andrew , Ndekezi Denis , Tshabalala Gugulethu , Nematadzira Teacler , Hornschuh Stefanie , Nomvuyo Mangxilana , Ahmed Nadia , Maluadzi Mamakiri , Anne Weiss Helen , Webb Emily , Stranix-Chibanda Lynda , Janine Dietrich Janan , Seeley Janet , Fox Julie 
Published: October 2023

Background
HIV remains a leading contributor to the disease burden in sub-Saharan Africa, with adolescents and young people disproportionately affected. Optimising pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) uptake has predominantly focused on women and adult men who have sex with men. We explore adolescent boys and young men’s PrEP uptake preferences in South Africa, Uganda, and Zimbabwe.

Methods
A cross-sectional sequential exploratory mixed-methods study amongst males aged 13–24 years was conducted between April and September 2019 as part of the CHAPS trial. Group discussions (GDs) and In-Depth Interviews (IDIs) focused on motivations and hindrances for HIV testing, PrEP preference, and reasons for the uptake of PrEP. A thematic approach was used to analyse the qualitative data. A quantitative survey following the qualitative work covered questions on demographics, HIV risk and PrEP preferences (on-demand vs. daily). For quantitative analysis, we fitted logistic regression models to determine factors associated with on-demand vs daily PrEP preference.

Results
Overall, 647 adolescent boys and young men (median age 20, IQR: 17–22) were enrolled. Of these, 422 (65.22%) preferred on-demand PrEP (South Africa 45.45%, Uganda 76.80%, Zimbabwe 70.35%; p<0.001). Factors independently associated with on-demand PrEP included country (South Africa, adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 0.19 [95%CI:0.1–0.3] compared to Uganda) and advanced planning of sex [>24 hours in advance aOR = 1.4 (0.9–2.3) compared to <2 hours]. Qualitatively, participants commonly believed they were not at risk of HIV acquisition most of the time and thought that on-demand PrEP would be suitable as they tend to plan sexual activity in advance.

Conclusion
Preference for on-demand PrEP is high in young males. The qualitative data support a preference for on-demand PrEP in those who plan sex in advance. HIV intervention programs should offer both on-demand and daily PrEP to engage more adolescent boys and young men in HIV prevention practices.
RNAinsecta: A tool for prediction of precursor microRNA in insects and search for their target in the model organism Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Nath Adhiraj , Bora Utpal 
Published: October 2023

Introduction and background
Pre-MicroRNAs are the hairpin loops from which microRNAs are produced that have been found to negatively regulate gene expression in several organisms. In insects, microRNAs participate in several biological processes including metamorphosis, reproduction, immune response, etc. Numerous tools have been designed in recent years to predict novel pre-microRNA using binary machine learning classifiers where prediction models are trained with true and pseudo pre-microRNA hairpin loops. Currently, there are no existing tool that is exclusively designed for insect pre-microRNA detection.

Aim
Application of machine learning algorithms to develop an open source tool for prediction of novel precursor microRNA in insects and search for their miRNA targets in the model insect organism, Drosophila melanogaster.

Methods
Machine learning algorithms such as Random Forest, Support Vector Machine, Logistic Regression and K-Nearest Neighbours were used to train insect true and false pre-microRNA features with 10-fold Cross Validation on SMOTE and Near-Miss datasets. miRNA targets IDs were collected from miRTarbase and their corresponding transcripts were collected from FlyBase. We used miRanda algorithm for the target searching.

Results
In our experiment, SMOTE performed significantly better than Near-Miss for which it was used for modelling. We kept the best performing parameters after obtaining initial mean accuracy scores >90% of Cross Validation. The trained models on Support Vector Machine achieved accuracy of 92.19% while the Random Forest attained an accuracy of 80.28% on our validation dataset. These models are hosted online as web application called RNAinsecta. Further, searching target for the predicted pre-microRNA in Drosophila melanogaster has been provided in RNAinsecta.
Wrist motion is distinct between touch screen and manual or digital devices
Authors: Lopez Mandi J. , Takawira Catherine , Fox Mary P. , Wang Pengju , Boatwright Evan , Lucak Thomas , Liu Chin-Chi , Fugarino Bryce 
Published: October 2023

Background
Restricted motion during touch screen device use may contribute to wrist overuse injuries. Wrist radioulnar deviation and extension while using touch screen devices and digital or manual counterparts in male and female medical professional dominant and non-dominant hands were quantified to test the hypothesis that mobile touch screen device use reduces wrist motion.

Methods
An active motion detection system was used to record wrist motion of 12 participants while: tablet swiping and turning book pages; raising a cell and traditional phone to the ear; texting and typing; and entering numbers on a cell phone and manual calculator. Medial and lateral wrist surface range of motion (ROM) and minimum and maximum wrist radial-ulnar deviation and flexion-extension were quantified.

Results
Device, sex and handedness effects were determined (P<0.05). Maximum medial radial deviation and ROM were greater using a cell versus traditional phone. Maximum medial radial deviation was higher in the nondominant wrist during backward tablet swiping and while backward page turning versus tablet swiping. Maximum and minimum medial extension angles and ROM were greater while typing versus texting. Female nondominant hand maximum lateral extension and ROM were greater for typing versus texting and maximum medial extension and lateral extension ROM greater during manual versus cell phone calculator use with handedness combined. Maximum lateral extension and ROM were greater in females versus males using manual calculators.

Conclusions
Sex and handedness should instruct touch screen, digital and manual device design and use for optimal performance and injury prevention.
Dyslipidemia and its predictors among adult workers in eastern Ethiopia: An institution-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Motuma Aboma , Shiferaw Kasiye , Gobena Tesfaye , Teji Roba Kedir , Berhane Yemane , Worku Alemayehu 
Published: October 2023

Introduction
Dyslipidemia is a modifiable major risk factor for coronary heart disease. Although, the prevalence of dyslipidemia in high-income countries has been well documented, there is dearth of information about the dyslipidemia among working adults in sub-Saharan African countries including Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the magnitude of dyslipidemia and its associated factors among Haramaya University employees, in Eastern Ethiopia.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted among 1,200 university employees aged 20 to 60 years. Study participants were selected using a simple random sampling method. Data were collected face-to-face interview using a semi-structured questionnaire. Dyslipidemia was defined as unhealthy levels of one or more lipid profile such as high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, triglycerides or total cholesterol. Data were entered into Epidata version 3.1 and analyzed using STATA version 16.1 software. Modified Poisson regression with robust variance was used to estimate adjusted prevalence ratios (APR) with its 95% confidence intervals. Statistical significance was declared at P-value < 0.05.

Results
Of 1,164 participants, 59.6% participants had at least one lipid abnormality (i.e., 57.9% among men and 61.5% among women). Of which, 36.8% had high total cholesterol (TC), 21.6% had low high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), 22.4% had high low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), and 32.6% had high triglyceride (TG). We found that overweight/obesity, sedentary behavior, alcohol consumption, having hypertension and age 45 and above years were significant predictors of dyslipidemia. However, those who served fruit and vegetables more than five per day had significantly reduced prevalence ratio of dyslipidemia.

Conclusions
The high prevalent dyslipidemia among university employees is an important public health problem. Hence, tailored interventions to reduce overweight/obesity, hypertension, alcohol consumption and low fruit and vegetable intake have paramount importance to tackle dyslipidemia particularly among older age.
Loss of Otopetrin 1 affects thermoregulation during fasting in mice
Authors: Tu Yu-Hsiang , Liu Naili , Xiao Cuiying , Gavrilova Oksana , Reitman Marc L. 
Published: October 2023

Objective
Otopetrin 1 (OTOP1) is a proton channel that is highly expressed in brown adipose tissue. We examined the physiology of Otop1-/- mice, which lack functional OTOP1.

Methods
Mice were studied by indirect calorimetry and telemetric ambulatory body temperature monitoring. Mitochondrial function was measured as oxygen consumption and extracellular acidification.

Results
Otop1-/- mice had similar body temperatures as control mice at baseline and in response to cold and hot ambient temperatures. However, in response to fasting the Otop1-/- mice exhibited an exaggerated hypothermia and hypometabolism. Similarly, in ex vivo tests of Otop1-/- brown adipose tissue mitochondrial function, there was no change in baseline oxygen consumption, but the oxygen consumption was reduced after maximal uncoupling with FCCP and increased upon stimulation with the β3-adrenergic agonist CL316243. Mast cells also express Otop1, and Otop1-/- mice had intact, possibly greater hypothermia in response to mast cell activation by the adenosine A3 receptor agonist MRS5698. No increase in insulin resistance was observed in the Otop1-/- mice.

Conclusions
Loss of OTOP1 does not change basal function of brown adipose tissue but affects stimulated responses.
Risk factors of proximal junctional kyphosis after surgical correction of spinal deformities caused by Scheuermann’s disease
Authors: Sergunin Aleksandr Yuryevich , Mikhaylovskiy Mikhail Vitalyevich 
Published: October 2023

Objective. To identify risk factors for the development of Proximal Junctional Kyphosis (PJK) in patients with Scheuermann’s kyphosis operated on using segmental instrumentation.Material and Methods. The study group consisted of 43 patients (13 females, 30 males), mean age was 17 years, and mean postoperative follow-up was 6 years. Spondylograms with a patient in a standing position performed before surgery, a week after surgery, and at the end of the follow-up period were analyzed. Radiological parameters were studied: cervical lordosis, absolute rotation angle, thoracic entry angle, T1 vertebral body tilt, neck tilt, skull tilt, thoracic kyphosis, thoracolumbar kyphosis, lumbar lordosis, vertebral and pelvic parameters (Pelvic Incidence, Pelvic Tilt, Sacral Slope), sagittal vertical axis, proximal junctional angle (PJA), and length of the posterior spinal fusion.Results. The mean PJA before surgery was 7° [3°; 8°], immediately after surgery – 10° [8°; 13°], by the end of the follow-up period – 25°[19°; 32°]. The incidence of PJK by the end of the follow-up period was 79.1 % (in 34 out of 43 patients). The initial value of thoracic kyphosis was 77° [72°; 86°], after surgery – 41° [31°; 46°], at the last examination – 43° [35°; 53°]. The inclination of the T1 vertebral body in the sagittal plane before surgery was 39° [30°; 45°], at the stages of follow-up – 33° [22°; 37°] and 39° [27°; 45°]. Some significant predictors were identified. An increase in the inclination of the T1 vertebral body (p = 0.005) by k° is associated with an increase in the risk of PJK by 1.19k [1.08k; 1.37k] times, and an increase of thoracic kyphosis by k° (p = 0.023) – by 1.12k (1.03k; 1.27k) times. The formula for preoperative predicting the likelihood of this complication is: P (PJK) = 1 - 1/(1 + exp (-23.14 + 0.26 × T1 + 0.21 × TK)), where P(PJK) is the probability of proximal junctional kyphosis; exp(z) is the exponential function to the power of z; T1 (T1 vertebral body tilt) and TK (thoracic kyphosis) are preoperative values of variables. Using ROC analysis, the threshold value for predicting PJK was determined to be 74.2 %, that is, the development of PJK was predicted in patients with a PJK probability greater than the threshold value calculated by the model formula. The predictive ability of the multivariate model was tested on the basis of the available initial data with a known final result. The prediction was correct in 41 cases out of 43.Conclusion. Using the multivariate logistic regression method, two mutually independent multiplicative indicators were determined for predicting PJK with high accuracy (sensitivity 94.1 %, specificity 100.0 %) – inclination of the T1 vertebral body and thoracic kyphosis.
Thoracoscopic microdiscectomy for disc herniation in the thoracic spine: surgical technique and analysis of early results
Authors: Kivelev Juri Vladimirovich , Gaitan Alexey Sergeyevich , Krivoshapkin Alexey Leonidovich 
Published: October 2023

Objective. To describe the technique and analysis of early results of thoracoscopic microdiscectomy for disc herniation in the thoracic spine.Material and Methods. A retrospective single-center study included 19 patients (15 women and 4 men) who underwent thoracoscopic microdiscectomy in 2018–2020. The median age of patients was 45 years (range 21–75 years); the median time from the onset of symptoms to the first visit to a neurosurgeon was 12 months (range 1–152 months). Before admission to the hospital, all patients complained of pain of varying intensity in the thoracic spine and/or along the lateral surface of the chest. Nine (47 %) patients had sensorimotor neurological deficit in the legs. The outcomes of operations were assessed using the modified MacNub scale, and postoperative complications were classified according to the Clavien – Dindo scale. Early results of treatment were evaluated at the first follow-up examination (on average, 2 months after the intervention). Data analysis was performed using the SPSS statistical program (IBM SPSS Statistics, version 27).Results. The immediate postoperative period was mostly uneventful in 15 (79 %) patients. Four (21 %) Clavien – Dindo grade 1 complications were registered: 1 (5 %) case of purulent discitis, 1 (5 %) pneumonia, 1 (5 %) worsening of sensory disturbances in the leg, and 1 (5 %) deep vein thrombosis of the leg. The average length of hospital stay was three days. Favorable results (excellent, improvement or satisfactory) according to the modified MacNub scale were registered in 16 (84 %) patients in two months after surgery. In three (16 %) cases, the symptoms remained unchanged (unsatisfactory according to the MacNub scale). No deterioration was recorded in any of the cases. Statistical analysis of the data (Fischer’s method, Mann – Whitney U-test) showed that the only prognostic factor affecting the outcome of the operation was the localization of the hernia in the lower thoracic region between the T8 and T12 vertebrae (p = 0.007). Thus, all nine patients with a hernia in the midthoracic region (T4–T8) had a favorable outcome of the operation, in 6 (67 %) of them there were no complaints. In three (30 %) out of 10 patients with a hernia in the lower thoracic region, there was no complete cure. All other factors (gender, age, hernia size, etc.) did not have a statistically significant correlation with the outcome.Conclusion. Thoracoscopic microdiscectomy can be used in the surgical treatment of herniations of the thoracic spine. Additional studies are needed to confirm the effectiveness and safety of the technique in the long term.
Degenerative changes in the intervertebral joints of the cervical spine after anterior interbody fusion and intervertebral disc arthroplasty
Authors: Eliseev Aleksandr Sergeyevich , Bokov Andrey Evgenyevich , Mlyavykh Sergey Gennadyevich 
Published: October 2023

Objective. To study the effect of arthroplasty and anterior interbody fusion in the cervical spine on degenerative changes in the adjacent intervertebral joints.Material and Methods. A retrospective cohort study included 46 patients (22 with cervical total disc arthroplasy – CTDA, and 24 with anterior cervical discectomy and fusion – ACDF) with symptoms of cervical spondylogenic compression myelopathy and/or radiculopathy. The degree of degeneration of facet joints adjacent to the operated segments was evaluated 12 months after surgical treatment. Degenerative changes in the cervical spine were assessed using CT according to the Okamoto classification. Vidar Dicom Viewer 3.2 software was used to view images and evaluate intervertebral joints. Statistical processing was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics 23. Data were presented as median and 25th and 75th percentiles – Me [Q1; Q3].Results. The mean age of patients in both groups was 47 [39; 52] years (Mann – Whitney U-test, p = 0.047). In the ACDF group it was 48 [42; 55] years and in the CTDA group – 42 [36; 52] years. Comparison of degenerative changes in the ACDF group before and after treatment (Wilcoxon analysis) showed a statistically significant difference in the cranial (p = 0.023), and caudal (p = 0.001) joints, with the progression of degeneration degree. In the CTDA group, no difference between pre- and post-treatment degeneration degree (Wilcoxon analysis) was found in either cranial joints (p = 0.157) or caudal joints (p = 0.161).Conclusion. Surgeries to stabilize spinal segments in degenerative diseases undeniably affect the development of the adjacent level syndrome. However, the use of endoprosthetic technology makes it possible to aggravate the degree of degenerative changes in the intervertebral joints of adjacent segments to a lesser extent.
Neurogenic dysfunction of the lower urinary tract in infectious and inflammatory diseases of the spine: is there a correlation with clinical and radiological variants of myelopathy? Preliminary result of the analysis of a single-center cohort
Authors: Gorbunov Aleksandr Igorevich , Mushkin Mikhail Aleksandrovich , Kaumova Diana Airatovna , Muraviev Alexandr Nikolaevich , Gorelov Andrey Igorevich , Orlova Nadezhda Valerievna , Gorelova Anna Andreevna 
Published: October 2023

Objective.To study the relationship between clinical and radiation variants of myelopathy and types of the neurogenic dysfunction of the lower urinary tract in patients with infectious spondylitis.Material and Methods.A single-center cohort observational study was conducted with the analysis of medical records and a prospective examination of 20 patients with infectious spondylitis complicated by neurogenic dysfunction of the lower urinary tract.Results.Infectious spondylitis can be complicated by the development of various urodynamic disorders, including neurogenic detrusor hyperactivity (30 %), its combination with detrusor-sphincter dissinergia (30 %) and a decrease in detrusor contractility (40 %). In 50 % of patients, an urodynamic examination revealed an increase in detrusor pressure of more than 40 cm water. There was no connection between the development of any type of lower urinary tract dysfunction and MRI types of myelopathy according to Vendatam, as well as between the level of spinal cord compression and the severity of neurological disorders according to AIS.Conclusion.The results of the study do not confirm the existence of a relationship between the various characteristics of myelopathy in infectious spondylitis and the results of urodynamic examination. The limitation of the reliability of the results is the small number of observations. Studies with a larger sample are required to assess the relationship between the clinical and radiation characteristics of myelopathy and variants of neurogenic dysfunction of the lower urinary tract in patients with infectious spondylitis.
Osteoplasty of vertebral bone defects caused by pedicle screw loosening using orthobiological approaches: a pilot study of case series
Authors: Basankin Igor Vadimovich , Giulzatyan Abram Akopovich , Gilevich Irina Valeryevna , Gritsaev Ivan Evgenyevich , Tayurski David Aleksandrovich , Porkhanov Vladimir Alekseyevich 
Published: October 2023

Objective. To analyze the effectiveness and safety of using an orthobiological product in osteoplasty of bone defects of the vertebrae with simultaneous reosteosynthesis.Material and Methods. The results of screw augmentation technology using thrombogel-enriched allogeneic bone were studied in a retrospective, single-center, non-randomized study, which included 17 patients (10 women, 7 men) with instability of the hardware in the form of screw loosening and osteolysis around screws. Results within 12 months were followed up in 17 patients (100 %). We compared preoperative and postoperative instrumental data, clinical parameters in dynamics.Results. The mean age of the patients was 59 (43–75) years. The distribution of patients, according to the primary pathology, was as follows: 11 patients (64.7 %) had a degenerative-dystrophic pathology of the spine, 4 patients (23.5 %) had a traumatic injury, and 2 patients had a kyphotic deformity on the background of Bechterew’s disease (11.8 %). The mean time from primary to revision surgery was 7.06 months (3.1–12.1), mean CRP was 4.48 (0.5–15.0). When observing patients for 12 months, all patients showed a positive trend in the form of a statistically significant regression of back pain according to VAS from 7.0 (6.0; 7.3) to 1.0 (0.0; 1.0) points (χ2 = 47.9, df 3, р < 0.0001). A positive trend was also noted in the form of a decrease in ODI indicators and an improvement in the quality of life of patients from 63.8 (57.1; 69.1) to 3.0 (2.0; 7.5) at 12 months. When comparing the parameters (VAS and ODI), the obtained differences before/after the operation were statistically significant, while these changes have a pronounced correlation. Postoperative CT studies (3, 6, 12 months) showed no instability of the screws.Conclusion. Osteoplasty of vertebral bone defects and screw augmentation using orthobiological approaches have demonstrated their primary efficacy and safety. Further studies with a large sample size are needed to confirm the obtained results.
Identifikasi Intrusi Air Laut pada Akuifer Pantai Menganti, Kecamatan Kesugihan, Cilacap, Jawa Tengah
Authors: Putra Doni P. E. , Nisaa Fania An , Susatio Raja , Atmaja Rilo Restu Surya 
Published: October 2023

Pantai Menganti di Kecamatan Kesugihan, Kabupaten Cilacap, Jawa Tengah, merupakan salah satu pantai di pesisir selatan Jawa. Air tanah berada pada akuifer pasiran dengan kedalaman sangat dangkal (1-2 m) dari permukaan tanah. Tataguna lahan yang berkembang adalah pemukiman, perkebunan, persawahan, tambak, dan pembangkit listrik tenaga uap (PLTU). Penelitian bertujuan mengidentifikasi intrusi air laut pada akuifer di Pantai Menganti menurut karakteristik fisika-kimia dan kadar ion klorida serta keterkaitannya dengan tataguna lahan. Pengukuran dan pengambilan sampel air tanah dilakukan dengan metode random sampling pada tataguna lahan yang berbeda. Pengukuran karakteristik fisika dan kimia air tanah yaitu pH, daya hantar listrik (DHL), total dissolved solid (TDS) dilakukan langsung di lapangan sedangkan analisis kadar ion klorida di laboratorium. Penelitian menunjukkan air tanah alami secara umum memiliki karakteristik pH relatif normal, DHL < 1500 µS/cm, TDS < 1000 mg/L, dan kadar ion klorida < 35 mg/L. Terdapat anomali nilai DHL, TDS, dan Kadar ion klorida yang mengindikasikan intrusi air asin khususnya di pesisir bagian timur. Area air tanah yang terpengaruh intrusi air laut diperkirakan sekitar 500 m dari garis pantai serta umumnya berasosiasi dengan pemukiman, tambak, dan PLTU