bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A clinical investigation of early‐onset alopecia areata in children: Onset earlier than 4 years of age might have a better short‐term prognosis
Authors: Lim Ji‐Hoon , Kwon Soon‐Hyo , Sim Woo‐Young , Lew Bark‐Lynn 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAlopecia areata (AA) is a non‐scarring autoimmune hair loss of the scalp or body. While an early onset is considered a primary factor for poor prognosis, children with early‐onset AA show varied responses to treatment. This study aimed to describe the clinical characteristics and assess the prognostic factors of early‐onset AA in children. We performed a retrospective study of AA patients aged <10 years who visited our dermatologic clinic between January 2013 and December 2020, with a follow‐up period >12 months. A clinical review of medical records, photographs, and telephonic interviews was performed. Treatment efficacy was assessed based on the degree of hair regrowth at a 12‐month follow‐up. Of 162 patients treated with topical corticosteroids, alone or in combination with other modalities, 57.4% showed >50% hair regrowth. On comparing the good and poor treatment response groups, no significant differences were observed in the presence of known prognostic factors, except for personal atopic history. In addition, patients aged <4 years at onset responded significantly better than older patients (p = 0.0127). There is a possibility that the patients with early‐onset AA, especially those aged <4 years, demonstrate good treatment response. Further studies on long‐term prognosis are required.
Eribulin for patients with metastatic extramammary Paget disease: Study protocol for a single‐arm phase II trial
Authors: Maeda Takuya , Yanagi Teruki , Tokuchi Keiko , Funakoshi Takeru , Horie Nao , Isoe Toshiyuki , Ito Yoichi M. , Sato Norihiro , Ujiie Hideyuki 
Published: December 2023

AbstractExtramammary Paget disease (EMPD) is a rare cutaneous malignancy that predominantly affects the anogenital areas of the elderly. Although the efficacy of docetaxel and other cytotoxic agents for advanced EMPD has been reported in small retrospective case studies, no treatment has been proven effective in prospective clinical trials. We established the world's first in vivo EMPD experimental model (a patient‐derived xenograft model). In our treatment experiment, xenograft tumours showed a remarkable response to eribulin. This study evaluates the efficacy of eribulin for patients with advanced EMPD. In October 2022, we started a single‐arm phase II trial to evaluate the efficacy of eribulin as a treatment for adult patients with unresectable EMPD with measurable lesions. Enrolment in this clinical trial is open to patients with any prior treatment for EMPD. The primary endpoint is overall response rate; the secondary endpoints include disease control rate, overall survival, progression‐free survival and adverse events. The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Hokkaido University and the other collaborating institutions. If the primary endpoint is met, it is our hope that eribulin will be regarded as a standard medication for patients with advanced EMPD.
Integrity and fidelity in highly religious marriages
Authors: Leavitt Chelom E. , Hendricks Justin J. , Clarke Rebecca W. , Marks Loren D. , Dollahite David C. , Rose Andrew H. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractObjectiveWe used qualitative data to evaluate how religious and interfaith couples may view the influences of fidelity and/or loyalty on their marriage.BackgroundReligion often regulates beliefs surrounding marriage and sexuality. Religion tends to support fidelity to marital vows. Previous quantitative studies indicated that higher religiosity is linked with higher levels of marital stability and satisfaction.MethodUsing semistructured interviews with 261 married couples (N = 522) who were identified as both religious and relational exemplars, the potential connections and processes between religion, relationships, and fidelity or integrity were examined.ResultsThree core themes emerged from systematic team‐based analyses: (1) integrity and/or fidelity strengthened marital quality and stability, (2) integrity and/or fidelity were core marital values and virtues, and (3) religion taught, developed, and motivated marital integrity and fidelity. Three subthemes were identified under this final theme: (3a) religious lifestyle, (3b) religious beliefs, and (3c) commitment to God. Contradictory voices that expressed and described challenges to marital integrity and fidelity are presented.ConclusionCouples discussed how their faiths' teachings on integrity and/or fidelity strengthened marital quality and stability, added to their core marital values and virtues, and motivated marital integrity and/or fidelity through a religious lifestyle, religious beliefs and morals, and commitment to God that built commitment and fidelity to spouse.ImplicationsTherapists and educators who recognize that these deeply held values contribute to couples' stability and satisfaction within their relationship may be able to ask, understand, and harness religious strengths to facilitate commonalities and satisfaction.
A longline survey for spurdog distribution and life history along the Norwegian coast
Authors: Andrade Hector , Nilsen Tine , Vollen Tone , Harbitz Alf , Junge Claudia , Albert Ole Thomas 
Published: December 2023

AbstractTo improve spatiotemporal data collection and inform future spurdogSqualus acanthiasstock assessment, a new dedicated longline survey was initiated in 2021 in coastal waters of southern Norway. The survey comprised a mixture of randomly predefined stations to facilitate unbiased abundance estimates and supplementary stations including informant putative hotspots. During 25 survey days in autumn 2021, 287 stations were sampled, of which 280 were categorized as “satisfactory” in terms of gear quality deployment. Spurdog catches (n = 954) were more abundant in southeast coastal shallower waters (19–150 m). No length, sex, or maturity stratified schooling behavior was found with increasing catches. Females were more abundant and larger than males, but males were older. Growth and reproduction parameters were within ranges reported for the stock. Our results provide valuable input for spurdog survey designs with regards to optimizing boat time, location of stations, and biological sampling protocols. The survey provides important data for monitoring the spurdog stock and other data‐limited species, especially considering the newly re‐opened spurdog fishery but also to study possible future effects of climatic changes on spurdog distribution.
Potential role of Fibrosis‐4 score in hepatocellular carcinoma screening: The Kangbuk Samsung Health Study
Authors: Shin Sujeong , Sohn Won , Chang Yoosoo , Cho Yoosun , Kwon Min‐Jung , Wild Sarah H. , Byrne Christopher D. , Ryu Seungho 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAimHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major cause of cancer‐related death, with low survival rates worldwide. Fatty liver disease (FLD) significantly contributes to HCC. We studied the screening performance of different methods for identifying HCC in patients with FLD or with metabolic risk factors for FLD.MethodsKorean adults (n = 340 825) without a prior HCC diagnosis were categorized into four groups: normal (G1), ≥2 metabolic risk factors (G2), FLD (G3), and viral liver disease or liver cirrhosis (G4). The National Cancer Registry data were used to identify HCC cases within 12 months. We assessed the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of individual or combined screening methods.ResultsIn 93 HCC cases, 71 were identified in G4, whereas 20 cases (21.5%) in G2 and G3 combined where ultrasound and Fibrosis‐4 performed similarly to alpha‐fetoprotein and ultrasound. In G2, Fibrosis‐4 and ultrasound had the highest area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (0.93 [0.87–0.99]), whereas in G3, the combined screening methods had the highest area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (0.98 [0.95–1.00]). The positive predictive value was lower in G2 and G3 than in G4, but was >5% when restricted to a high Fibrosis‐4 score.ConclusionsMore than 21% of HCC cases were observed in patients with diagnosed FLD or at risk of FLD with metabolic risk factors. Nevertheless, screening for HCC in individuals without cirrhosis or viral hepatitis yielded very low results, despite the potential value of the Fibrosis‐4 score in identifying individuals at high risk of HCC.
OpenAI's GPT‐4 performs to a high degree on board‐style dermatology questions
Authors: Elias Marcus L. , Burshtein Joshua , Sharon Victoria R. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundArtificial intelligence tools such as OpenAI's GPT‐4 have shown promise in medical education, but their potential in dermatology remains unexplored.ObjectivesTo assess GPT‐4's performance on dermatology board‐style questions and determine its value as a supplementary educational tool for trainees and educators.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study evaluated GPT‐4's performance on 250 random dermatology board‐style questions sampled from the American Academy of Dermatology's Board Prep Plus resource. Questions were divided into five subspecialties and various difficulty levels. GPT‐4 responses were compared to the correct answers and evaluated by two physicians.ResultsGPT‐4 achieved an overall accuracy of 75% on the 250 questions, with no significant variation based on subspecialty or question difficulty. The most common errors were factual and misunderstanding inaccuracies. Responses scored high in clarity, accuracy, and relevance but frequently lacked depth and completeness.ConclusionGPT‐4 performed to a high degree and demonstrated promising performance as an educational adjunct in dermatology. Improvements in response depth and completeness are needed before its use as an unsupervised learning tool is established.
The effects of oral nutritional supplements interventions on nutritional status in patients undergoing colorectal cancer surgery: A systematic review
Authors: Qin Xiaohong , Sun Jiao , Liu Meiling , Zhang Lianjie , Yin Qing , Chen Si 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe high incidence of malnutrition in patients undergoing colorectal cancer surgery can lead to unplanned weight loss, sarcopenia and reduced grip strength to the extent that it can seriously affect the prognosis of colorectal cancer patients.ObjectiveThis study investigated the effect of oral nutritional supplements (ONS) on the prevalence of grip strength, unplanned weight loss and sarcopenia in patients undergoing colorectal cancer surgery.MethodsWe systematically searched randomized controlled studies from CINAHL, PubMed, Embase, Cochrane and Web of Science and three Chinese databases (CNKI, Wan‐Fang database, VIP database) from database creation to September 2023. The risk of bias in individual studies was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration tool, and the certainty of evidence was assessed using the five GRADE criteria. Statistical analysis was performed using the RevMan 5.3 software, and information that could not be meta‐analysed was reviewed in the form of a literature summary.ResultsEleven papers met the inclusion criteria with a combined sample size of 1070 cases, including 532 cases in the trial group and 538 cases in the control group. Four papers reported the effect of ONS on grip strength and included very low‐quality evidence supporting no effect of ONS on grip strength. Ten studies reported the effect of ONS on body weight and body mass index (BMI) and included very low‐quality evidence supporting a positive ONS on weight and BMI changes. Meta‐analysis showed a significant reduction in weight loss (12–15 weeks) and BMI loss (12–15 weeks) in patients with colorectal cancer in the ONS group. The effect of ONS on the prevalence of sarcopenia after hospital discharge was reported in two studies, and meta‐analysis showed a significant reduction in the prevalence of postoperative sarcopenia in colorectal cancer patients in the ONS group, but the quality of evidence was low.ConclusionsThis study showed that the use of ONS in patients undergoing surgery for colorectal cancer improved patient weight loss and BMI reduction and reduced the prevalence of postoperative sarcopenia but did not improve patient grip strength. The quality of evidence for inclusion in the article was low or very low, and further studies are needed to provide better evidence.
The experiences and perceptions of immigrant informal caregivers about engaging with professional services in the host country: A scoping review
Authors: Tsai Lily P. , Barr Jennieffer A. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAimThe inquiry explored immigrant informal caregivers' experiences and perceptions about engaging with professional services in the host country.BackgroundThe number of informal caregivers is rising, with more people providing home caring. Nurses and other health services are crucial in supporting informal caregivers. Research needs to focus more on immigrants, not just other caregivers.DesignThis was a scoping review.Data SourcesFive databases (January 2017–December 2022) were searched, and 16 articles were included in this inquiry.Review MethodsThis scoping review used the Joanna Briggs Institute Scoping Review methodology. This inquiry asked one question: What is the current knowledge about immigrant informal caregivers' experiences and perceptions when engaging mainstream professional services? Themes were identified using a thematic analysis approach.ResultsThree themes emerged from the review: ‘finding cultural bridges: culturally connecting with services’; ‘building cultural bridges: addressing “them and us” and “acculturation‐sensitive services”’.ConclusionProfessional service providers are currently not meeting immigrant caregivers' needs. New knowledge is presented, that nurses and health professional services must provide acculturation‐sensitive care, commencing with an assessment of the individual's acculturation status. By understanding acculturation status, nurses are more likely to customize person‐centred care. Acculturation status refers to the degree that the individual has adapted to the new culture while retaining some traditional cultural beliefs and practices. Acculturation‐sensitive care is more likely to provide authentic holistic care that optimizes well‐being.
Association between antibiotic use and subsequent risk of prostate cancer: A retrospective cohort study in South Korea
Authors: Park Sun Jae , Hong Jaeyi , Park Young Jun , Jeong Seogsong , Choi Seulggie , Chang Jooyoung , Oh Yun Hwan , Han Minjung , Ko Ahryoung , Kim Sugyeong , Cho Yoosun , Kim Ji Soo , Son Joung Sik , Park Sang Min 
Published: December 2023

AbstractObjectivesSeveral studies suggest that antibiotic use may affect overall cancer incidence, but the association between antibiotics and prostate cancer is still unclear. This retrospective cohort study aimed to assess the association between antibiotics and the risk of prostate cancer.MethodsA population‐based retrospective cohort study was conducted using the Korean National Health Insurance Service (NHIS) database. 1 032 397 individuals were followed up from January 1, 2007, to December 31, 2019. Multivariable Cox hazards regression was utilized to calculate adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the risk of prostate cancer according to accumulative days of antibiotic use and the number of antibiotic classes used from 2002 to 2006.ResultsIndividuals who used antibiotics for 180 or more days had a higher risk of prostate cancer (aHR, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.11–1.91) than those who did not use antibiotics. Also, individuals who used four or more kinds of antibiotics had a higher risk of prostate cancer (aHR, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.07–1.30) than antibiotic non‐users. An overall trend was observed among participants who underwent health examinations.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that long‐term use of antibiotics may affect prostate cancer incidence. Further studies are needed to improve understanding of the association between antibiotic use and prostate cancer incidence.
Factors influencing the psychosocial well‐being of people with dementia and their informal caregivers: A systematic review of dyadic studies
Authors: Wang Shanshan , Huang Yaqi , Fan Avis Yat Ngar , Ho Mu‐Hsing , Davidson Patricia Mary 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIndividuals with dementia and their informal caregivers face significant challenges to their psychosocial well‐being, necessitating immediate attention. In spite of the prevalence of this problem, there is limited data regarding the factors that influence the dyadic psychosocial well‐being and potential actor–partner influencing mechanisms. Therefore, this review was conducted to synthesise the factors associated with the psychosocial well‐being of people with dementia and their informal caregivers. MEDLINE via EBSCOhost, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Embase and Scopus were systematically searched to identify relevant studies. Quantitative, qualitative or mixed‐method studies examining the factors influencing dyadic psychosocial well‐being outcomes were included. The quality of included studies was assessed using Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal checklists. A narrative synthesis approach was employed for data analysis. A total of 3217 records were yield, out of which 26 studies were included in the analysis. Quality of life emerged as the most extensively investigated dyadic psychosocial well‐being outcome, followed by depression. The interrelation between the quality of life for people with dementia and caregivers was observed, where individual members' quality of life was influenced by their own, partner and dyadic factors. However, there is a dearth of research exploring the mechanisms through which one member's factors exert influence on both their own and partner's quality of life within the dyad. This gap also exists for other psychosocial well‐being outcomes, such as depression and anxiety. Further research is warranted to elucidate the underlying mechanisms through which dyadic members influence their own and their partner's psychosocial well‐being.
A meta‐analysis of postoperative wound complications at the surgical site in prostate cancer patients undergoing robotic surgery
Authors: Su Xinyuan , Dai Zhihong , Zhao Haolin , Ji Mingfeng , Liu Zhiyu 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis meta‐analysis critically evaluates the role of robotic surgery in reducing postoperative wound complications in prostate cancer patients, comparing it with traditional open and laparoscopic approaches. Our extensive literature search resulted in 9 studies comprising 2063 patients. The results highlighted a significant reduction in the incidence of wound complications, with an 84% heterogeneity index and a standardized mean difference (SMD) of 0.49 (95% Confidence Intervals: 0.42 to 0.58, p < 0.01) in favour of robotic surgery. Additionally, a notable decrease in wound infection rates was observed, marked by a 94% heterogeneity index and a SMD of 0.26 (95% CIs: 0.19 to 0.35, p < 0.01). A considerable reduction in wound dehiscence events was also noted, particularly in a subset of studies, reflecting a 70% heterogeneity index and a SMD of 0.23 (95% CIs: 0.12 to 0.45, p < 0.01). These findings suggest that robotic surgery may offer significant advantages in managing wound‐related outcomes in prostate cancer surgeries. However, the variability among the studies warrants cautious interpretation of the results and underscores the need for more targeted research in this area.
Phase equilibrium study of the CaO–SiO2–CrOx system at 1600°C in reducing atmospheres
Authors: Chen Min , Taskinen Pekka , Sukhomlinov Dmitry , Lindberg Daniel , Michallik Radoslaw , Jokilaakso Ari 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPhase equilibria in the CaO–SiO2–CrOx system were experimentally investigated at 1600°C and pO2 of 10−10 to 10−11 atm using the high‐temperature isothermal equilibration/drop quenching/electron probe X‐ray microanalysis technique. The constrained isothermal sections of the CaO–SiO2–CrOx system were constructed at 1600°C and pO2 of 10−10 to 10−11 atm based on the experimental results. The primary phase fields including cristobalite (SiO2), larnite (Ca2SiO4), (Ca,Cr)Cr2O4, and corundum (Cr2O3) were determined. Simulations by thermodynamic software MTDATA, FactSage, and Thermo‐Calc were compared with the present experimental results.
A novel broadband near‐infrared Ca2Y3Sb3O14: Cr3+ rhombohedral pyrochlores phosphor and its application in pc‐LEDs
Authors: Gao Zhexuan , Zhang Yi , Han Mingxiao , Chen Shuyang , Li Yingguang , Li Jie , Guo Jinmeng , Jin Xinfeng , Tian Ying , Deng Degang , Xu Shiqing 
Published: December 2023

AbstractRecently, there has been a growing demand for broadband near‐infrared (NIR) phosphor. The paper proposes a novel Cr3+ doped Ca2Y3Sb3O14 phosphor through basic research of Ca2Ln3Sb3O14: Cr3+ (Ln = Sc, Lu, and Y) phosphor. Under 467 nm excitation, Ca2Y3Sb3O14: Cr3+ phosphor shows a broad NIR emission band (650–950 nm) centered at 776 nm with a full width at half‐maximum of 110 nm. The optimal Cr3+ doping concentration is 0.05, with an internal quantum efficiency of 78%. Meanwhile, the photoluminescence emission intensity at 373 K remains 61.3% of that at room temperature. Using phosphor‐in‐glass technology, a glass–ceramic plate showed a slight improvement in its thermal stability compared to the pure phosphor. Combining Ca2Y3Sb3O14: 0.05Cr3+ phosphor with a commercial blue‐light‐emitting chip presents an output power of 44.51 mW with a photoelectric conversion efficiency of 14.78% at a drive current of 100 mA. These results suggest that the Ca2Y3Sb3O14: Cr3+ phosphor has great potential in the pc‐light‐emitting diodes.
Career decisions and aspirations of early‐career nurses: Insights from a qualitative interpretative description study
Authors: Richard Emily , Kim Su Bin (Chloe) 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAimTo explore the career decisions and aspirations of early‐career registered nurses in New Brunswick, Canada.DesignA qualitative study using an interpretive description approach was conducted.MethodsSemi‐structured one‐on‐one interviews were conducted with a purposive sample of nurses (n = 22) currently working in New Brunswick, Canada, with up to 5 years of experience from February to April 2022.ResultsParticipants described diverse career paths and aspirations. Personal factors affecting these included the desire for meaningful work, career satisfaction, work‐life balance, spending time with family, working in a preferred location, and finances. Professionally, working conditions were the dominant factor influencing early‐career nurses' career decisions and aspirations. Participants described how short staffing, safety, support, and scheduling influenced their day‐to‐day work, mental and physical health, job and career satisfaction, and intent to leave.ConclusionThe findings highlighted the abundant and diverse career opportunities available to nurses early in their careers. Early‐career nurses are interested in finding nursing positions with a high degree of person‐job fit and value opportunities for ongoing professional education and growth.ImpactThis study in New Brunswick, Canada, explores early‐career nurses' career decisions and aspirations during nursing shortages and the pandemic, emphasizing the importance of person‐job fit. Recommendations include improving working conditions and career pathways to enhance the sustainability of the nursing profession.Reporting MethodStandards for Reporting Qualitative Research (SRQR).Patient or Public ContributionNo patient or public contribution.