bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predicting response to exposure treatment in PTSD: The role of mental defeat and alienation
Authors: Ehlers Anke , Clark David M. , Dunmore Emma , Jaycox Lisa , Meadows Elizabeth , Foa Edna B. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractNot all patients with posttraumatic stress disorder benefit from exposure treatment. The present paper describes two cognitive dimensions that are related to inferior response to exposure in rape victims. First, individuals whose memories during reliving of the trauma reflected mental defeat or the absence of mental planning showed little improvement. Second, inferior outcome was correlated with an overall feeling of alienation or permanent change following the trauma. These results are based on blind ratings of transcripts of exposure treatment sessions from 10 women with good outcome and 10 women with inferior outcome. Patients in the two groups were matched for initial symptom severity and were comparable in many aspects of the assault. Patients who experienced mental defeat, alienation, or permanent change may require cognitive restructuring in addition to exposure.
Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EDMR) treatment for combat‐related posttraumatic stress disorder
Authors: Carlson John G. , Chemtob Claude M. , Rusnak Kristin , Hedlund Nancy L. , Muraoka Miles Y. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractDespite the clinical and social impact of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), there are few controlled studies investigating its treatment. In this investigation, the effectiveness of two psychotherapeutic interventions for PTSD were compared using a randomized controlled outcome group design. Thirty five combat veterans diagnosed with combat‐related PTSD were treated with either (a) 12 sessions of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing, EMDR (n = 10), (b) 12 sessions of biofeedback‐assisted relaxation (n = 13), or (c) routine clinical care, serving as a control (n = 12). Compared with the other conditions, significant treatment effects in the EMDR condition were obtained at posttreatment on a number of self‐report, psychometric, and standardized interview measures. Relative to the other treatment group, these effects were generally maintained at 3‐month follow‐up. Psychophysiological measures reflected an apparent habituation effect from pretreatment to posttreatment but were not differentially affected by treatment condition.
Persistence of combat‐related posttraumatic stress symptoms for 75 years
Authors: Hamilton Joseph D. , Workman Richard H. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractInvestigations of the duration of combat‐related posttraumatic stress symptoms have focused mainly on survivors of World War II and the Vietnam War, with little attention to surviving veterans of World War I. The authors describe a case in which posttraumatic stress symptoms persisted for 75 years in a World War I combat veteran and increased in frequency toward the end of his life accompanied by advancing dementia and hospitalization. The case illustrates that posttraumatic stress symptoms may be lifelong and exacerbated by various consequences of aging, even if they are not disabling.
Lipoprotein disorders and cardiovascular risk
Authors: Genest J. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractSummary: Disorders of lipoproteins often lead to disease in humans. Most often the sequelae of long‐term dyslipoproteinaemia lead to atherosclerotic vascular disease in all arterial beds. Plasma elevation of low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C), very low‐density lipoproteins (VLDL) and lipoprotein(a), and reduced levels of high‐density lipoproteins (HDL‐C) are risk factors for coronary artery disease. Severe elevations of plasma triglycerides may lead to acute pancreatitis. In Western societies and in emerging economies, lifestyle contributes to the expression of lipoprotein disorders. Many dyslipoproteinaemias have a genetic aetiology. This review will examine the contribution of genetic lipoprotein disorders in human disease. Emphasis will be placed on monogenic disorders that are associated with coronary artery disease and novel causes of disorders of high‐density lipoproteins. The consideration of screening and treatment of affected individuals, especially children, must take into account the severity of the phenotype, the long‐term risk of developing vascular disease and available evidence of clinical benefit in a group of diseases that are mostly asymptomatic until manifestations of organ ischaemia in the heart, limbs or brain.
Dysfunctional cognitions and adult psychological functioning in child sexual abuse survivors
Authors: Wenninger Kerstin , Ehlers Anke 
Published: September 2003

AbstractTwo studies explored the relationship between cognitions and long‐term symptoms in adult child sexual abuse (CSA) survivors. In Study 1, an American sample of 43 survivors completed questionnaires assessing attributional style and dysfunctional beliefs in cognitive themes affected by victimization, as well as measures of posttraumatic symptoms. Survivors' attributions of negative events were more internal, stable, and global than those of 29 comparison subjects without a history of CSA. However, only the globality scale was significantly related with severity of long‐term symptoms. High correlations between dysfunctional beliefs concerning safety, trust, esteem, or intimacy, and posttrauma symptoms were found. The latter finding was replicated in Study 2 with a German sample of 35 CSA survivors, even when controlling for frequency of abuse.
Psychological benefits and liabilities of traumatic exposure in the war zone
Authors: Fontana Alan , Rosenheck Robert 
Published: September 2003

AbstractData from the National Vietnam Veterans Readjustment Study on 1,198 Vietnam theater veterans were used to examine the psychological benefits and liabilities of traumatic exposure in the war zone. Psychological benefits and liabilities were found to be largely independent of one another and to be related positively to the dose of traumatic exposure. Additionally, there was a curvilinear trend in the form of an inverted U, such that psychological benefits, most notably solidarity with others, were stronger at intermediate compared to high and low levels of exposure. Psychological benefits counteracted and psychological liabilities passed through the effects of traumatic exposure on posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The psychological benefit of self‐improvement moderated the effects of the psychological liability of self‐impoverishment on PTSD.
The Gulf crisis experience of Kuwaiti children: Psychological and cognitive factors
Authors: Hadi Foaziah A. , Llabre Maria M. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractThis study examined a stratified random sample of 233 Kuwaiti 8‐ to 12‐year‐old boys and girls, in order to assess their level of exposure to violence during the Iraqi occupation of Kuwait and its relation to psychological and cognitive performance 1 year after the crisis. Children were assessed on intelligence, posttraumatic stress, and depression, and were interviewed about their crisis experience. No significant decline in intelligence scores was detected after the crisis. A difference in level of parental depression was found between those who stayed in Kuwait as compared to those who were out for all or part of the crisis. Depression in children was low but associated with the level of exposure to violence as reported in the interview, and greater levels of posttraumatic stress. The results support the hypothesis that acute trauma resulting from exposure to violence is related to posttraumatic stress in children.
Hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal activity among Armenian adolescents with PTSD symptoms
Authors: Goenjian Armen K. , Pynoos Robert S. , Steinberg Alan M. , Endres David , Abraham Khachik , Geffner Mitchell E. , Fairbanks Lynn A. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractThis study evaluated basal levels and responsiveness to exercise of plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), and serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), growth hormone (GH) and cortisol among adolescents from two differentially exposed groups 6 1/2 years after the 1988 earthquake in Armenia. Severity of total PTSD and Category C and D symptoms were negatively correlated with baseline cortisol. Preexercise ACTH was significantly lower, and preexercise TSH higher, among adolescents with more exposure. Depressive symptoms were negatively correlated with baseline cortisol and positively with TSH. Mean GH, TSH, and cortisol levels in both groups fell within normal limits. The pre‐ to postexercise increase in GH, TSH, and cortisol suggests that exercise challenge may be useful in the field investigation of neurohormonal activity among traumatized individuals.
Clinical characteristics and diagnostic clues in inborn errors of creatine metabolism
Authors: Stromberger C. , Bodamer O. A. , Stöckler‐Ipsiroglu S. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractSummary: Creatine deficiency syndromes are a newly described group of inborn errors of creatine synthesis (arginine:glycine amidinotransferase (AGAT) deficiency and guanidinoaceteate methyltransferase (GAMT) deficiency) and creatine transport (creatine transporter (CRTR) deficiency). The common clinical denominator of creatine deficiency syndromes is mental retardation and epilepsy, suggesting the main involvement of cerebral grey matter (grey matter disease). Patients with GAMT deficiency exhibit a more complex clinical phenotype with dystonic hyperkinetic movement disorder and epilepsy that in some cases is unresponsive to pharmacological treatment. The common biochemical denominator of creatine deficiency syndromes is cerebral creatine deficiency which is demonstrated by in vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Measurement of guanidinoacetate in body fluids may discriminate GAMT (high concentration), AGAT (low concentration) and CRTR (normal concentration). Further biochemical characteristics include changes in creatine and creatinine concentrations in body fluids. GAMT and AGAT deficiency are treatable by oral creatine supplementation, while patients with CRTR deficiency do not respond to this type of treatment. Further recognition of patients will be of major importance for the estimation of the frequency, for the understanding of phenotypic variations and for treatment strategies.
Assessing traumatic event exposure: General issues and preliminary findings for the Stressful Life Events Screening Questionnaire
Authors: Goodman Lisa A. , Corcoran Carole , Turner Kiban , Yuan Nicole , Green Bonnie L. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractThis article reviews the psychometric properties of the Stressful Life Events Screening Questionnaire (SLESQ), a recently developed trauma history screening measure, and discusses the complexities involved in assessing trauma exposure. There are relatively few general measures of exposure to a variety of types of traumatic events, and most of those that exist have not been subjected to rigorous psychometric evaluation. The SLESQ showed good test‐retest reliability, with a median kappa of .73, adequate convergent validity (with a lengthier interview) with a median kappa of .64, and good discrimination between Criterion A and non‐Criterion A events. The discussion addresses some of the challenges of assessing traumatic event exposure along the dimensions of defining traumatic events, assessment methodologies, reporting consistency, and incident validation.
Posttraumatic stress disorder among incarcerated battered women: A comparison of battered women who killed their abusers and those incarcerated for other offenses
Authors: O'Keefe Maura 
Published: September 2003

AbstractThe present study examined differences in the amount and severity of spousal violence and posttraumatic stress symptoms between incarcerated battered women who killed/seriously assaulted their abusers and battered women incarcerated for other offenses. Additionally, several risk and buffering variables suggested by trauma research were tested to determine their ability to predict present posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptomatology. Findings revealed that battered women who killed/seriously assaulted their batterers experienced more frequent and severe spousal abuse than those in the comparison group. No significant group differences were found for present PTSD symptom levels. Predictors of present PTSD symptomatology included: childhood sexual abuse, childhood physical abuse, past PTSD symptomatology, length of time elapsed since living with partner and receiving counseling in prison. The implications of the findings are discussed.
Ambulatory monitoring and physical health report in Vietnam veterans with and without chronic posttraumatic stress disorder
Authors: Beckham Jean C. , Taft Casey T. , Vrana Scott R. , Feldman Michelle E. , Barefoot John C. , Moore Scott D. , Mozley Susannah L. , Butterfield Marian I. , Calhoun Patrick S. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractThis study investigated the associations among PTSD, ambulatory cardiovascular monitoring, and physical health self‐reports in 117 male Vietnam combat veterans (61 with PTSD and 56 without PTSD). PTSD was associated with health symptoms and number of current health conditions beyond the influence of several covariates. PTSD was associated with greater systolic blood pressure variability, and an elevated percentage of heart rate and systolic blood pressure readings above baseline. Higher mean heart rate and an elevated percentage of heart rate above baseline were associated with physical health symptoms. None of the ambulatory monitoring variables mediated the association between PTSD and physical health outcomes. Findings suggest that the interrelationships among ambulatory autonomic responses, PTSD, and physical health deserve more research attention.
MMPI scales for diagnosing acute and chronic PTSD in civilians
Authors: Gaston Louise , Brunet Alain , Koszycki Diane , Bradwejn Jacques 
Published: September 2003

AbstractTo develop new Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) scales for diagnosing acute and chronic posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), 237 civilians with PTSD or panic disorder (controls) completed the MMPI‐R. All 399 items were submitted to chi‐square analysis to select those differentiating acute or chronic PTSD from controls. The analyses yielded an MMPI Acute PTSD scale (32 items) and a MMPI Chronic PTSD scale (41 items). Discriminating between acute PTSD and controls, the MMPI Acute PTSD scale had a hit rate of 83% and the MMPI Chronic PTSD scale produced a hit rate of 75% to 80%. Cross‐validation produced similar hit rates. These scales scores were not substantially influenced by gender or types of traumatic events, and only the MMPI Acute PTSD scale seemed to not be sensitive to co‐morbidity.
Suicidal behavior after severe trauma. Part 1: PTSD diagnoses, psychiatric comorbidity, and assessments of suicidal behavior
Authors: Ferrada‐Noli Marcello , Asberg Marie , Ormstad Kari , Lundin Tom , Sundbom Elisabet 
Published: September 2003

AbstractThe study comprises 149 refugees from various countries, reporting exposure to severe traumata, who were referred for psychiatric diagnosis and assessment of suicide risk. The stressors reported comprised both personal experience of and/or forced witnessing of combat atrocities (including explosions or missile impacts in urban areas), imprisonment (including isolation), torture and inflicted pain, sexual violence, witnessing others' suicide, and of summary and/or mock executions. Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) was diagnosed in 79% of all cases, other psychiatric illness in 16% and no mental pathology in 5%. The prevalence of suicidal behavior was significantly greater among refugees with principal PTSD diagnoses than among the remainder. PTSD patients with depression comorbidity reported higher frequency of suicidal thoughts; PTSD nondepressive patients manifested increased frequency of suicide attempts.
Are the dissociative criteria in ASD useful?
Authors: Zoellner Lori A. , Jaycox Lisa H. , Watlington Christina G. , Foa Edna B. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractAcute stress disorder (ASD) is a new DSM‐IV diagnostic category, characterized by dissociative, intrusive, avoidance, and hyperarousal symptoms in the first month after a traumatic experience. The goal of the present study was to examine the utility of this diagnosis. In a prospective study, 79 mixed trauma victims who met DSM‐IV symptom criteria for PTSD within 1 month following a traumatic event were followed through three months post‐event. Dissociative symptoms in ASD only partially captured distress and dysfunction during the first month. Participants with and without ASD showed similar patterns of recovery, with only small differences that disappeared at three months post‐event. Interestingly, initial PTSD avoidance but not ASD dissociative symptoms predicted PTSD severity at 3 months.
Exposure to duty‐related incident stressors in urban firefighters and paramedics
Authors: Beaton Randal , Murphy Shirley , Johnson Clark , Pike Ken , Corneil Wayne 
Published: September 2003

AbstractLittle is known about the variables that might be associated with posttraumatic stress symptomatology in high‐risk occupational groups such as professional firefighters and paramedics. A sample of 173 urban professional firefighter/EMT's and firefighter/paramedics rated and ranked the stressfulness of 33 actual and/or potential duty‐related incident stressors. They also reported whether they had experienced each of these incident stressors within the past 6 months and, if they had, to recall on how many occasions within the past 6 months. A principal components analysis of their rescaled incident stressor ratings yielded five components: Catastrophic Injury to Self or Co‐worker, Gruesome victim Incidents, Render Aid to Seriously Injured, Vulnerable Victims, Minor Injury to Self and Death & Dying Exposure.
Posttraumatic stress symptoms in adolescent survivors of childhood cancer and their mothers
Authors: Brown Ronald T. , Madan‐Swain Avi , Lambert Richard 
Published: September 2003

AbstractWe examined symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adolescent survivors of childhood cancer and their mothers and the contribution of family functioning, including perceived emotional support and familial conflict, and individual factors including life stress and severity of disease to PTSD symptoms. Participants were 52 adolescent cancer survivors and their mothers and 42 healthy adolescent counterparts and their mothers. Findings revealed that mothers of cancer survivors endorsed more PTSD symptoms than did their healthy counterparts and that survivors and mothers also reported greater recent and past stressful life events. Although no survivors met clinical criteria for a PTSD diagnosis, over 36% endorsed mild subthreshold symptomatology. Findings are discussed in the context of understanding PTSD symptoms within a family systems framework.
Predictors of chronic posttraumatic stress symptoms following burn injury: Results of a longitudinal study
Authors: van Loey N. E. E. , Maas C. J. M. , Faber A. W. , Taal L. A. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractThe authors' goal was to examine the course and predictors of posttraumatic stress symptoms among persons hospitalized for burns. A total of 301 participants completed self‐report measures assessing peritraumatic mental state, anxiety related to pain, and posttraumatic stress symptoms. Twenty‐six percent of the participants were suffering from posttraumatic stress symptoms at 2–3 weeks postburn and 15% of them at 12 months postburns. In general, a decrease in symptoms was observed over time, although a substantial part of the participants with acute stress symptoms suffers from chronic posttraumatic stress symptoms 1‐year postburn. Symptoms were predicted by anxiety measures and objective factors, such as female gender, locus, and severity of injury.
Individual change after genocide in Bosnian survivors of “ethnic cleansing”: Assessing personality dysfunction
Authors: Weine Stevan M. , Becker Daniel F. , Vojvoda Dolores , Hodzic Emir , Sawyer Marie , Hyman Leslie , Laub Dori , McGlashan Thomas H. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractThe authors used the SCID‐DES (disorders of extreme stress) instrument to assess for personality change in Bosnian survivors of “ethnic cleansing.” Twenty four refugees underwent systematic, trauma‐focused, research assessments, including the SCID‐DES interview. Overall, this group of Bosnian survivors had been severely traumatized as a result of the Serbian nationalists' genocide. However, no subject met diagnostic criteria for DES. The SCID‐DES yields far lower rates of trauma‐related personality change in Bosnian survivors of genocide than in adult survivors of prolonged early life traumas. Therefore, the DES construct may have better application to prolonged, interpersonal, early life traumas than to the prolonged, communal traumas of genocide.
Anniversary reactions in Gulf War veterans: A naturalistic inquiry 2 years after the Gulf War
Authors: Morgan C. A. , Kingham Peter , Nicolaou Andreas , Southwick S. M. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractThe goal of this study was to assess the occurrence of anniversary reactions in Gulf War veterans 2 years after the conclusion of Operation Desert Storm. Subjects were administered questionnaires and asked to identify specific months of best and worst functioning, and months of least or most symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Negatively experienced months were compared to documented dates of exposure to traumatic events during the war. Anniversary reactions occurred with a frequency greater than chance and were seen most in individuals exposed to a greater number, and to more severe types, of traumatic events. This suggests that anniversary reactions are etiologically linked to traumatic events and may be a part of the syndrome of PTSD.
Consistency of retrospective reporting about exposure to traumatic events
Authors: Krinsley Karen E. , Gallagher James G. , Weathers Frank W. , Kutter Catherine J. , Kaloupek Danny G. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractLifetime exposure to traumatic events was assessed by means of a multimethod protocol applied to 76 male military veterans. Consistency of retrospective reporting was determined for physical and sexual assault and abuse, accidents, disasters, combat and warzone experiences, serious illness or injury, and hazardous duty. Findings demonstrate that respondents are generally consistent in reporting traumatic events, although the majority report more events upon reevaluation. Reporting about traumatic events shows some variation as a function of the life epoch in which events occurred, whether they were directly or indirectly experienced, and the type of trauma involved. Discussion addresses memory‐related processes triggered by trauma evaluation or tied to characteristics of events themselves as potential sources of inconsistency.
Mass spectrometric analysis of glycans in elucidating the pathogenesis of CDG type IIx
Authors: Mills P. B. , Mills K. , Mian N. , Winchester B. G. , Clayton P. T. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractSummary: The majority of secreted or membrane‐bound proteins are glycosylated. The glycans attached to glycoproteins can affect a range of physicochemical and biological properties of the glycoprotein and appropriate glycosylation is essential for many normal cellular functions, with aberrant glycosylation often leading to disease. This short review briefly outlines the methodology used to release glycans from proteins and analyse them by mass spectrometry. The technology is illustrated by the description of a rapid and sensitive method for profiling glycoproteins of patients with congenital disorders of glycosylation type II. This methodology can rapidly pinpoint the defective step(s) in the processing pathway of N‐linked glycans, thereby focusing the biochemical analyses that need to be performed to define the genetic basis of these diseases.