bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Replacement of dietary carbohydrate with protein increases fat mass and reduces hepatic triglyceride synthesis and content in female obese Zucker rats
Authors: Dawson M. Alan , Hennigar Stephen R. , Shankaran Mahalakshmi , Kelley Alyssa M. , Anderson Bradley J. , Nyangau Edna , Field Tyler J. , Evans William J. , Hellerstein Marc K. , McClung James P. , Pasiakos Stefan M. , Berryman Claire E. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPrevious studies have demonstrated both energy restriction (ER) and higher protein (HP), lower carbohydrate (LC) diets downregulate hepatic de novo lipogenesis. Little is known about the independent and combined impact of ER and HP/LC diets on tissue‐specific lipid kinetics in leptin receptor‐deficient, obese rodents. This study investigated the effects of ER and dietary macronutrient content on body composition; hepatic, subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), and visceral AT (VAT) lipid metabolic flux (2H2O‐labeling); and blood and liver measures of cardiometabolic health in six‐week‐old female obese Zucker rats (Leprfa+/fa+). Animals were randomized to a 10‐week feeding intervention: ad libitum (AL)‐HC/LP (76% carbohydrate/15% protein), AL‐HP/LC (35% protein/56% carbohydrate), ER‐HC/LP, or ER‐HP/LC. ER groups consumed 60% of the feed consumed by AL. AL gained more fat mass than ER (P‐energy = 0.012) and HP/LC gained more fat mass than HC/LP (P‐diet = 0.025). Hepatic triglyceride (TG) concentrations (P‐interaction = 0.0091) and absolute hepatic TG synthesis (P‐interaction = 0.012) were lower in ER‐HP/LC versus ER‐HC/LP. ER had increased hepatic, SAT, and VAT de novo cholesterol fractional synthesis, absolute hepatic cholesterol synthesis, and serum cholesterol (P‐energy≤0.0035). A HP/LC diet, independent of energy intake, led to greater gains in fat mass. A HP/LC diet, in the context of ER, led to reductions in absolute hepatic TG synthesis and TG content. However, ER worsened cholesterol metabolism. Increased adipose tissue TG retention with the HP/LC diet may reflect improved lipid storage capacity and be beneficial in this genetic model of obesity.
Thrombopoietin levels in sepsis and septic shock – a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Liu Chang , Görlich Dennis , Lowell Clifford A. , Italiano Joseph E. , Rossaint Jan , Bender Markus , Zarbock Alexander , Margraf Andreas 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Objectives
Sepsis is a life-threatening condition implicating an inadequate activation of the immune system. Platelets act as modulators and contributors to immune processes. Indeed, altered platelet turnover, thrombotic events, and changes in thrombopoietin levels in systemic inflammation have been reported, but thrombopoietin-levels in sepsis and septic-shock have not yet been systematically evaluated. We therefore performed a meta-analysis of thrombopoietin (TPO)-levels in patients with sepsis.

Methods
Two independent reviewers screened records and full-text articles for inclusion. Scientific databases were searched for studies examining thrombopoietin levels in adult sepsis and septic-shock patients until August 1st 2022.

Results
Of 95 items screened, six studies met the inclusion criteria, including 598 subjects. Both sepsis and severe sepsis were associated with increased levels of thrombopoietin (sepsis vs. control: standardized mean difference 3.06, 95 % CI 1.35–4.77; Z=3.50, p=0.0005) (sepsis vs. severe sepsis: standardized mean difference −1.67, 95 % CI −2.46 to −0.88; Z=4.14, p<0.0001). TPO-levels did not show significant differences between severe sepsis and septic shock patients but differed between sepsis and inflammation-associated non-septic controls. Overall, high heterogeneity and low sample size could be noted.

Conclusions
Concluding, increased levels of thrombopoietin appear to be present both in sepsis and severe sepsis with high heterogeneity but thrombopoietin does not allow to differentiate between severe sepsis and septic-shock. TPO may potentially serve to differentiate sepsis from non-septic trauma and/or tissue damage related (systemic) inflammation. Usage of different assays and high heterogeneity demand standardization of methods and further large multicenter trials.
Is Religious Belief a Kind of Belief?
Authors: Crane Tim 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This paper discusses the familiar question of whether expressions of faith or conviction offered by religious believers really express their beliefs, in the standard sense of ‘belief’ used in philosophy and psychology. Some hold that these expressions do not express genuine beliefs because they do not meet the standards of rationality, coherence and integration which govern beliefs. So they must serve some other function. But this picture of ‘genuine belief’ is inadequate, for reasons independent of the phenomenon of religion. Once we get a better picture of belief, we can see that religious beliefs conform to this picture, and that typical expressions of faith really are expressions of belief in the proper sense.
Changes in pain, daily occupations, lifestyle, and health following an occupational therapy lifestyle intervention: a secondary analysis from a feasibility study in patients with chronic high-impact pain
Authors: Nielsen Svetlana Solgaard , Skou Søren T. , Larsen Anette Enemark , Polianskis Romanas , Arendt-Nielsen Lars , Østergaard Anne Skov , Kjær-Staal Petersen Kristian , Vægter Henrik Bjarke , Søndergaard Jens , Christensen Jeanette Reffstrup 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Objectives
This study explored changes in pain-related parameters, occupational function, occupational balance, lifestyle factors, and self-perceived health status in adults with chronic high-impact pain participating in an occupational therapy lifestyle intervention.

Methods
This one-group longitudinal feasibility study was performed in three continuous feasibility rounds. The occupational therapists-led intervention targeted meaningful occupations, regular physical activity, and a healthy diet. The intervention contained individual and group sessions and was added to the standard multidisciplinary chronic pain treatment. Outpatients (n=40, 85 % females, 46.6 ± 10.9 years old) participated in the study between April 2019 and December 2021. The analysis includes data for 31 participants.
Analysis of pre-post changes assessed after each feasibility round were performed for the outcomes: pain intensity, pain sensitivity and pain modulation (pressure pain threshold and tolerance, temporal summation of pain and conditioned pain modulation), pain self-efficacy, pain catastrophizing, motor and process skills, occupational balance, daily wake-time movement, daily walking steps, body mass index, waist circumference, blood pressure, and self-perceived health status.

Results
Improvements in motor skills (assessment of motor and process skills score=0.20 (1.37; 1.57), 95 % CI 0.01; 0.38) and temporal summation of pain (−1.19 (2.86; −1.67), 95 % CI −2.16; −0.22), but a decrease in pain tolerance (−7.110 (54.42; 47.32), 95 % CI −13.99; −0.22) were observed. Correlation analysis suggested moderate-to-very strong statistically significant relationships in several outcomes related to pain, health, pain coping, occupational balance, occupational functioning, body anthropometrics, and pain sensitivity.

Conclusions
This study suggested that the lifestyle intervention would benefit motor skills while effects on other outcomes were unclear in adults with chronic pain. To confirm the findings, a randomized trial evaluating effectiveness is needed.

Ethical committee number: SJ-307

Reg. Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT03903900
The Effects of a 90-km Outdoor Cycling Ride on Performance Outcomes Derived From Ramp-Incremental and 3-Minute All-Out Tests
Authors: Bitel Michael , Keir Daniel A. , Grossman Kevin , Barnes Mikaela , Murias Juan M. , Belfry Glen R. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Bitel, M, Keir, DA, Grossman, K, Barnes, M, Murias, JM, and Belfry, GR. The effects of a 90-km outdoor cycling ride on performance outcomes derived from ramp-incremental and 3-minute all-out tests. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000–000, 2023—The purpose of this study was to determine whether laboratory-derived exercise intensity and performance demarcations are altered after prolonged outdoor cycling. Male recreational cyclists (n = 10; RIDE) performed an exhaustive ramp-incremental test (RAMP) and a 3-minute all-out test (3MT) on a cycle ergometer before and after a 90-km cycling ride. RAMP-derived maximal oxygen uptake (V̇O2max), gas exchange threshold (GET), respiratory compensation point (RCP), and associated power output (PO), as well as 3MT-derived critical power (CP) and work performed above CP, were compared before and after ∼3 hours of outdoor cycling. Six active men served as “no-exercise” healthy controls (CON), who, instead, rested for 3 hours between repeated RAMP and 3MT tests. During the 90-km ride, the duration within the moderate-intensity, heavy-intensity, and severe-intensity domains was 59 ± 24%, 40 ± 24%, and 1 ± 1%, respectively. Compared with pre-90 km, post-RAMP exhibited reductions in (a) V̇O2max (4.04 ± 0.48 vs. 3.80 ± 0.38 L·min−1; p = 0.026) and associated PO (392 ± 30 W vs. 357 ± 26 W; p = 0.002); (b) the V̇O2 and PO at RCP (3.49 ± 0.46 vs. 3.34 ± 0.43 L·min−1; p = 0.040 and 312 ± 40 W vs. 292 ± 24 W; p = 0.023); and (c) the PO (214 ± 32 W vs. 198 ± 25 W; p = 0.027), but not the V̇O2 at GET (2.52 ± 0.44 vs. 2.44 ± 0.38 L·min−1; p = 0.388). Pre-90 km vs. post-90 km 3MT variables showed reduced W′ (9.8 ± 3.4 vs. 6.8 ± 2.6 kJ; p = 0.002) and unchanged CP (304 ± 26 W and 297 ± 34 W; p = 0.275). In the CON group, there were no differences in V̇O2max, GET, RCP, W′, CP, or associated power outputs (p > 0.05) pre-to-post 3 hours of rest. The preservation of critical power demonstrates that longer-duration maximal efforts may be sustained after long-duration cycle. However, shorter sprints and higher-intensity efforts eliciting V̇O2max will exhibit decreased PO after 3 hours of a predominantly moderate-intensity cycle.
Comparison between Four-Probe and Two-Probe Electrical Resistivity Measurement to Monitor the Curing and Piezoresistivity Behavior of Smart Cement Paste Modified with Waste Steel Slag and Green Nano-magnetite
Authors: Piro Nzar Shakr , Mohammed Ahmed Salih , Jalil Parwin Jalal , Hamad Samir M. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This study aims to examine the compressive strength, electrical resistivity, and piezoresistivity characteristics of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) with a constant water-to-cement ratio (w/c) of 0.38. The optimal value of steel slag (SS) was determined to be 5 % based on the compressive strength of six different mixes of cement paste modified with various SS from 0 % to 30 % weight of cement. Additionally, the investigation will include modified cement samples containing 1 % green synthesized material and commercially available nano-magnetite (NM). Because iron is the primary component of SS and NM, the electrical resistivity, which is the primary criterion for structural health monitoring of cementitious material, can be increased by adding SS and NM. Hence, a comparative analysis was conducted to assess the resistivity of cement paste throughout the early curing period up to 28 days using an alternative current (AC) and embedding wires into the specimen, employing both the two-probe (2P) and four-probe (4P) methodologies. The findings suggest that the 4P method is a more precise approach for determining electrical resistivity than the 2P method, as the wire probe is not considered in the 4P method. Hence, it is imperative to compute the correlation between the 2P and 4P methodologies in order to attain a precise resistivity measurement. The suggested model indicates that the expected 4P resistivity can be measured with high precision, a high coefficient of determination (R2) of .97, and a low root mean square error (RMSE) of 7.33 Ω·m, based on the 2P result. The piezoresistivity results demonstrated that the cement paste modified with green synthesis nano-magnetite (GSNM) had a higher electrical resistivity (ER) change, 10.85 % greater than cement paste only, 57 % higher than cement modified with SS, and 34.2 % higher than cement paste modified with commercial nano-magnetite (CNM) after 28 days of curing. In addition, the compressive strength of cement paste modified with GSNM was higher than that of cement paste, cement paste modified with SS, and cement paste modified with CNM by 15.96 %, 21 %, and 1.7 %, respectively, after 28 days of curing. A Vipulanandan p–q model was used to forecast the electrical resistivity of cement paste versus time at start hydration during 28 days of curing and the change of electrical resistivity versus compressive strength at 3, 7, and 28 days. The Vipulananda p–q model anticipated both electrical resistivity and piezoresistivity behavior well.
Clinical Application of SARS-CoV-2 IgM and IgG Antibody Detection Using the Colloidal Gold Immunochromatography Assay
Authors: Liu Lipeng , Zhou Kangping , Xing Yan , Luo Wei , Pei Bing , Xu Junqiang , Yi Lei , Wang Honglei , Wang Juan , Zhang Wei , Yu Fei , Cai Kun , Liu Peng 
Published: December 2023

Objective:
The COVID-19 pandemic, which was caused by SARS-CoV-2, has had a significant effect on global public health, economies, and societies worldwide. Serum antibody testing is a critical method for the diagnosis of COVID-19 and can complement RT-PCR in the diagnosis of COVID-19 patients; however, the performance of rapid antibody assays in the clinical setting has not been established.

Methods:
Rapid antibody assays were evaluated by investigating 296 COVID-19-positive individuals and 542 negative individuals confirmed by clinical diagnosis. The clinical diagnostic results were used as controls to evaluate the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), kappa, and 95% confidence interval (CI) of the rapid tests.

Result:
IgM-positivity had a sensitivity of 86.1% and specificity of 99.1%. IgG-positivity had a sensitivity of 86.5% and specificity of 98.7%. The sensitivity of combined IgM- and IgG-positivity in clinically confirmed patients was 73.1% in the early stage (1-7 days after symptom onset) and reached 99% 15 days after symptom onset. The concordance between rapid antibody-positive tests and clinical diagnosis-positivity had a kappa value of 0.93. In addition, the false-positive rate of IgM and IgG combined nucleic acid detection was 30% in the early stage.

Conclusion:
The combined use of IgM and IgG could serve as a more suitable alternative detection method for patients with COVID-19. The rapid antibody test can be considered as an excellent supplementary approach for detecting SARS-CoV-2 in clinical application.
Patient‐ and xenograft‐derived organoids recapitulate pediatric brain tumor features and patient treatments
Authors: Lago Chiara , Federico Aniello , Leva Gloria , Mack Norman L , Schwalm Benjamin , Ballabio Claudio , Gianesello Matteo , Abballe Luana , Giovannoni Isabella , Reddel Sofia , Rossi Sabrina , Leone Nicolas , Carai Andrea , Mastronuzzi Angela , Bisio Alessandra , Soldano Alessia , Quintarelli Concetta , Locatelli Franco , Kool Marcel , Miele Evelina , Tiberi Luca 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBrain tumors are the leading cause of cancer‐related death in children. Experimental in vitro models that faithfully capture the hallmarks and tumor heterogeneity of pediatric brain cancers are limited and hard to establish. We present a protocol that enables efficient generation, expansion, and biobanking of pediatric brain cancer organoids. Utilizing our protocol, we have established patient‐derived organoids (PDOs) from ependymomas, medulloblastomas, low‐grade glial tumors, and patient‐derived xenograft organoids (PDXOs) from medulloblastoma xenografts. PDOs and PDXOs recapitulate histological features, DNA methylation profiles, and intratumor heterogeneity of the tumors from which they were derived. We also showed that PDOs can be xenografted. Most interestingly, when subjected to the same routinely applied therapeutic regimens, PDOs respond similarly to the patients. Taken together, our study highlights the potential of PDOs and PDXOs for research and translational applications for personalized medicine.
Ca2+ concentrations in mouse sperm mitochondria fluctuate according to the cytosol
Authors: Sánchez-Guevara Yoloxochitl , Oliver Enrique I , Nishigaki Takuya 
Published: December 2023

In brief
Free Ca2+ concentrations within mitochondria ([Ca2+]mt) in mouse spermatozoa were reported in a micromolar range based on the result obtained with Calcium Green 5N. The results obtained with Rhod-2, Fluo-3, and Fluo-5N suggest that the [Ca2+]mt are comparable to the cytosolic levels at the resting condition and under the condition stimulated by ATP.

Abstract
Mitochondria are important organelles in eukaryotic cells and play an essential role in energy production and cell signaling. However, the importance of mammalian sperm mitochondria as an energy source remains to be elucidated because glycolysis is known to be dominant. In this context, one of the functions of mammalian sperm mitochondria is considered as a calcium ion (Ca2+) homeostasis. Previously, the Ca2+ level within the mitochondria of mouse sperm under resting conditions was reported to be high (in the micromolar range) using the fluorescent Ca2+ indicator Calcium Green-5N (CG-5N). To confirm this fact, we performed the semiquantitative determination of Ca2+ concentration with several Ca2+ indicators. Although we reproduced the previous report of CG-5N, other Ca2+ indicators do not support the result obtained with CG-5N. The results obtained with Rhod-2, Fluo-3, and Fluo-5N indicate that the free Ca2+ concentration in mitochondria is comparable to that of the cytosol at the resting condition and under the condition stimulated by ATP. Although we still do not understand why CG-5N exhibits a distinct result from other indicators, the regulation of Ca2+ concentration in murine sperm mitochondria is analogous to that observed in somatic cells. Namely, the Ca2+ concentrations within sperm mitochondria fluctuate in response to changes in cytosolic Ca2+ levels. Our results contribute to a revised understanding of the role of mitochondria in Ca2+ homeostasis in mammalian sperm.
Molecular Identification of Trichoderma Isolates and Their Effect in Combination with Zyngiberaceae Extracts on Maize Downy Mildew Incidence and Plant Growth
Authors: Aeny Titik Nur , Prasetyo Joko , Suharjo Radix , Akin Hasriadi Mat , Sodiq Muhammad , Dirmawati Suskandini R. , Ginting Cipta , . Efri 
Published: December 2023

Research was done to molecularly identify Trichoderma isolates and to study the effect combination of Trichoderma isolates and Zingiberaceae extracts on downy mildew intensity as well as the growth of maize. The experiment was arranged in completely randomized design with three replicates. The experiment consisted of combination between Trichoderma isolates (no Trichoderma, East Lampung isolate, and Plant Clinic isolate) and Zingiberaceae extracts: ginger/jahe (Zingiber officinale), turmeric/kunyit (Curcuma longa), lengkuas (Alpinia galanga), galangale/kencur (Kaempferia galanga), temulawak (Curcuma zanthorrhiza), and temu hitam (Curcuma aeroginosa). Variables observed were disease incidence, incubation periode, plant height, and dry matter weight. Data were analyzed using analyses of variance and the difference between means were tested using LSD test at 5% significant level. Based on molecular identification, both Trichoderma isolates (East Lampung isolates and Plant Clinic isolate) are Trichoderma asperrelum. The results showed that combination of T. asperellum isolates and Zingiberaceae extracts lowered the disease incidence of maize downy mildew, prolonged the incubation period, increased plant height and dry matter weight. The best result was shown by combination of T. asperellum isolate from NTF East Lampung and tumeric extract.
Using Special Knowledge: History, Status and Prospects of Development
Authors: Egorov Nikolay , Protasevich Alexander 
Published: December 2023

The authors use normative sources to examine the history of the emergence and development of special knowledge in Russia, starting with the Decree of March 6, 1699 “On the Order of Investigating Signatures in Servitude Acts …”, and ending with the current legislation. Special knowledge is understood as systematized scientific knowledge and skills in the fields of science, technology, art or craft (with the exception of any knowledge in the field of law), a product of purposeful professional training and practical experience, used for collecting and examining evidence with the goal of establishing circumstances to be proven in a criminal case. The division of special knowledge into procedural and non-procedural is examined. The procedural forms of using special knowledge are further analyzed as those having evidentiary significance, namely: immediate use of special knowledge by the investigator himself; involving a specialist in investigatory actions; report and evidence of an expert; report and evidence of a specialist. Special attention is paid to the expert’s report as the key historical form, and the specialist’s report, whom the will of the lawmaker made a competitor of the former. It is noted that at the stage of preliminary investigation this competition favors the expert’s report, as, contrary to the specialist’s report, the law has provisions for the situations when the expertise is obligatory, and the expert is liable for false evidence, which is not the case with the specialist’s report; the expert has a right to conduct instrumental research, often involving partial or complete destruction or modification of objects, or changes to their appearance or key features, which is not typical for the specialist, since the specialist’s report is a written representation of his opinion on the questions posed before him by the sides; the form of the expert’s report is regulated by normative legal acts in detail, while there are no such regulations the specialist’s report. The authors analyze the prospects of using special knowledge: bringing the research process as close to the crime scene as possible, which it was suggested to call “field criminalistics”; using new research methods, researching new objects, mainly through the application of computer- and nano-technologies, as well as genomic objects; the objectivation of the testimonies of criminal proceeding’s participants, specifically, detecting lies by scanning their brains with classic magnetic resonance imaging after an effective prohibition of psycho-physiological examination with a polygraph.
Assessing the Influence of Acquisition Time in Forest Canopy Cover Estimation Using ICESat-2 ATL08 Dataset
Authors: AKTÜRK Emre 
Published: December 2023

Aim of study: This study investigates the estimation success of using day and night segments in producing Forest Canopy Cover (FCC) maps with the Canopy Cover Estimation Model (CCEM) for the years 2020 and 2022.
Area of study: The study area covers 17 interconnected counties situated in the southeastern part of Texas state, adjacent to the state of Louisiana, and near the southern coastlines, known for their extensive forested areas.
Material and methods: This study incorporated both day and night acquisition segments from Ice, Cloud, and land Elevation Satellite-2 (ICESat-2) data for a comprehensive comparison of their effectiveness in mapping the forest canopy cover using the CCEM.
Main results: The study’s findings reveal that night segment-derived FCC maps outperform those derived from day segments, showing higher kappa coefficients of 0.77 and 0.83 for the years 2020 and 2022, respectively. In addition, notable differences were observed among classes of FCC estimations successes for day and night segment-derived maps.
Research highlights: This study introduces a significant finding that the FCC maps derived from night segments yield more accurate results than those derived from day segments. The study further discovers a notable difference in the forest canopy cover classification success, particularly with a lower accuracy observed in the Moderate Forest Canopy Cover (MFCC) category.