bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cognitive remediation for adolescents with early onset psychosis: a 1‐year follow‐up study
Authors: Ueland T. , Rund B. R. 
Published: February 2005

Objective:  To investigate the long‐term effects of a cognitive remediation programme for adolescents with early onset psychosis.Method:  Twenty‐five subjects (cognitive remediation, n = 14; control, n = 11) were assessed on cognitive, clinical and psychosocial measures 1 year after discharge. All patients had received a psychoeducational programme, while the experimental group received the addition of a 30‐h cognitive remediation programme.Results:  A significant overall improvement for eight of 10 cognitive and three of four outcome measures was found. After controlling for IQ, there was a differential improvement in early visual information processing (P < 0.05) in favour of the remediation group. No other between‐group differences were found.Conclusion:  The remediation programme may have a favourable long‐term effect for early visual information processing. Improved cognitive functioning in both groups may be caused by beneficial elements in the psychoeducational programme. Because the study may be underpowered, the results should be interpreted with caution.
Immunoglobulin G (IgG) Anti-Tissue Transglutaminase Antibodies Used as Markers for IgA-Deficient Celiac Disease Patients
Authors: Dahlbom Ingrid , Olsson Martin , Forooz Nahal Kazemi , Sjöholm Anders G. , Truedsson Lennart , Hansson Tony 
Published: February 2005

ABSTRACT

The role of immunoglobulin A (IgA) anti-tissue transglutaminase antibodies (IgA-tTG) as predictors of untreated celiac disease (CoD) is well documented, and the presence and levels of these antibodies are most accurately monitored with native or recombinant human antigens. However, IgA-deficient CoD patients are not identified by IgA serology, and conflicting results concerning the diagnostic validity of IgG antibodies against gliadin (IgG-AGA), endomysium (IgG-EmA), and tTG (IgG-tTG) have been reported. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the utility of IgG-tTG for the detection of CoD in IgA-deficient patients. Samples from 115 IgA-deficient and 200 IgA-sufficient subjects were collected and tested for the presence of IgA and IgG antibodies against tTG, EmA, and AGA. Antibodies against tTG were measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay based on recombinant human tTG, and antibodies against EmA were determined by immunofluorescence. The values for IgG-tTG showed a higher correlation (correlation coefficient [
r
] = 0.91) with those for IgG-EmA for the IgA-deficient subjects than for the IgA-sufficient subjects (
r
= 0.88). The overall concordance of the positive and negative results between IgG-tTG and IgG-EmA was 97%, and the IgG-tTG assay discriminated between IgG-EmA-positive and -negative subjects with IgA deficiency at a rate of 100%. Elevated levels of IgG-tTG and IgG-EmA were measured in 70% of the IgA-sufficient subjects. IgG-tTG detection with recombinant human tTG is a good alternative to IgG-EmA detection, and the addition of IgG-tTG assessment to present screening methods may improve the ability to identify IgA-deficient subjects with CoD.
Serum Antibody Responses in Children with Rotavirus Diarrhea Can Serve as Proxy for Protection
Authors: Xu J. , Dennehy P. , Keyserling H. , Westerman L. E. , Wang Y. , Holman R. C. , Gentsch J. R. , Glass R. I. , Jiang B. 
Published: February 2005

ABSTRACTWe examined sera from 42 patients 1 to 30 months of age for rotavirus immunoglobulin M (IgM), IgA, IgG, and IgG subclasses and sought to determine if serum antibody could serve as a reliable marker for prediction of disease severity. Infants in the first few months of life usually had high maternal IgG titers and, when they were infected with rotavirus, had low IgM titers or no IgM in acute-phase sera and poor seroconversions 3 weeks later, suggesting that maternal antibodies had inhibited viral replication and antibody responses. All patients ≥6 months of age had IgM in acute-phase sera, indicating that IgM is a good marker for acute rotavirus infection. IgG was the best overall predictor of an infection, as the convalescent-phase sera of 81% of the patients had a fourfold rise in the IgG titer. IgA titers in convalescent-phase sera and conversion rates were higher among patients ≥12 months of age than among children younger than 12 months. IgG1 was the predominant subclass detected in the acute-phase sera of some children and in all 28 convalescent-phase serum samples examined. Patients with preexisting acute-phase IgG titers of ≥100 or ≥200 had diarrhea that was less severe or of a shorter duration. These results indicate that serum IgG is the most reliable marker for seroconversion and is a consistent proxy for protection against severe disease.
Alterations in Leukocyte Function following Surgical Trauma: Differentiation of Distinct Reaction Types and Association with Tumor Necrosis Factor Gene Polymorphisms
Authors: Majetschak Matthias , Krehmeier Ulrich , Ostroverkh Liljana , Blömeke Brunhilde , Schäfer Michael 
Published: February 2005

ABSTRACT

Endotoxin-stimulated blood cytokine responses have been widely used to describe compromised host defense mechanisms after trauma. We investigated whether blood cytokine production after endotoxin stimulation is able to define distinct trauma-induced alteration patterns and whether alteration patterns are associated with tumor necrosis factor (TNF) gene polymorphisms. In 48 patients undergoing joint replacement, the levels of TNF alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and IL-8 production in blood after endotoxin stimulation were measured preoperatively on the day of surgery and 24 h thereafter. Patients were genotyped for the TNF-α position −308 G/A polymorphism and the TNF-β NcoI polymorphism. Postoperative alterations, i.e., increases or decreases of cytokine levels (TNF-α versus IL-6,
P
= 0.013; TNF-α versus IL-8,
P
= 0.001; IL-6 versus IL-8,
P
= 0.007), and relative postoperative changes, i.e., percentages of preoperative cytokine levels (TNF-α versus IL-6,

r
s

= 0.491,
P
< 0.001; TNF-α versus IL-8,

r
s

= 0.591,
P
< 0.001; IL-6 versus IL-8,

r
s

= 0.474,
P
< 0.001 [where

r
s

is the Spearman rank correlation coefficient]), had significant positive correlations among the cytokines. Overall enhanced postoperative alteration patterns were found in 10 patients, attenuated patterns were found in 18 patients, and mixed patterns were found in 20 patients. Preoperative cytokine production levels differed significantly between these groups (those of the overall enhanced pattern group were less than those of the mixed pattern group, which were less than those of the overall attenuated pattern group). TNF polymorphisms were not associated with overall alteration patterns, but the A*TNFB1 haplotype was associated with a postoperative increase in TNF-α production (
P
= 0.042). Whole-blood cytokine responses to endotoxin define the following preexisting patterns in leukocyte function: low baseline production and overall enhanced alteration patterns after trauma (type 1), intermediate baseline production and mixed alteration patterns (type 2), and high baseline production and overall attenuated alteration patterns (type 3). TNF gene polymorphisms were associated with changes in TNF-α production but do not explain the overall reaction patterns of cytokine production after trauma. The clinical correlate of these newly defined reaction types remains to be determined.
Cloning of a Novel
Babesia equi
Gene Encoding a 158-Kilodalton Protein Useful for Serological Diagnosis
Authors: Hirata Haruyuki , Yokoyama Naoaki , Xuan Xuenan , Fujisaki Kozo , Suzuki Naoyoshi , Igarashi Ikuo 
Published: February 2005

ABSTRACT

In this study, we characterized a
Babesia equi
Be158 gene obtained by immunoscreening a
B. equi
cDNA expression phage library with
B. equi
-infected horse serum. The Be158 gene consists of an open reading frame of 3,510 nucleotides. The recombinant Be158 gene product was produced in
Escherichia coli
and used for the immunization of mice. In Western blot analysis, mouse immune serum against the Be158 gene product recognized 75- and 158-kDa proteins from the lysate of
B. equi
-infected erythrocytes. In an indirect fluorescent-antibody test with the mouse immune serum, the Be158 antigen appeared in the cytoplasm of Maltese cross-forming parasites (which consist of four merozoites) and was located mainly in the extraerythrocytic merozoite body. When the recombinant Be158 gene product was used in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay as a serological antigen, it was found to react to
B. equi
-infected horse sera, indicating that the Be158 gene product is useful as a serologically diagnostic antigen for
B. equi
infection.
Relationship between Intracranial Granulomas and Cerebrospinal Fluid Levels of Gamma Interferon and Interleukin-10 in Patients with Tuberculous Meningitis
Authors: Mansour Adel M. , Frenck Robert W. , Darville Toni , Nakhla Isabelle A. , Wierzba Thomas F. , Sultan Yehia , Bassiouny Magdy I. , McCarthy Kathryn , Jacobs Richard F. 
Published: February 2005

ABSTRACT
Cerebrospinal fluid gamma interferon (IFN-γ) and interleukin-10 levels in 39 patients with tuberculous meningitis were serially measured. Cytokine levels did not predict intracranial granuloma (IG) development, but IFN-γ levels in the top quartile after 1 month of therapy were highly associated (odds ratio = 18) with detection of an IG by computed tomography scanning.
Annotation of Genes Involved in Glycerolipid Biosynthesis in
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
: Discovery of the Betaine Lipid Synthase BTA1
Cr
Authors: Riekhof Wayne R. , Sears Barbara B. , Benning Christoph 
Published: February 2005

ABSTRACT

Lipid metabolism in flowering plants has been intensely studied, and knowledge regarding the identities of genes encoding components of the major fatty acid and membrane lipid biosynthetic pathways is very extensive. We now present an in silico analysis of fatty acid and glycerolipid metabolism in an algal model, enabled by the recent availability of expressed sequence tag and genomic sequences of
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
. Genes encoding proteins involved in membrane biogenesis were predicted on the basis of similarity to proteins with confirmed functions and were organized so as to reconstruct the major pathways of glycerolipid synthesis in
Chlamydomonas
. This analysis accounts for the majority of genes predicted to encode enzymes involved in anabolic reactions of membrane lipid biosynthesis and compares and contrasts these pathways in
Chlamydomonas
and flowering plants. As an important result of the bioinformatics analysis, we identified and isolated the
C. reinhardtii BTA1
(

BTA1
Cr

) gene and analyzed the bifunctional protein that it encodes; we predicted this protein to be sufficient for the synthesis of the betaine lipid diacylglyceryl-
N
,
N
,
N
-trimethylhomoserine (DGTS), a major membrane component in
Chlamydomonas
. Heterologous expression of

BTA1
Cr

led to DGTS accumulation in
Escherichia coli
, which normally lacks this lipid, and allowed in vitro analysis of the enzymatic properties of BTA1
Cr
. In contrast, in the bacterium
Rhodobacter sphaeroides
, two separate proteins, BtaA
Rs
and BtaB
Rs
, are required for the biosynthesis of DGTS. Site-directed mutagenesis of the active sites of the two domains of BTA1
Cr
allowed us to study their activities separately, demonstrating directly their functional homology to the bacterial orthologs BtaA
Rs
and BtaB
Rs
.
Functional Analysis of Subunit e of the F
1
F
o
-ATP Synthase of the Yeast
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
: Importance of the N-Terminal Membrane Anchor Region
Authors: Everard-Gigot Valerie , Dunn Cory D. , Dolan Brigid M. , Brunner Susanne , Jensen Robert E. , Stuart Rosemary A. 
Published: February 2005

ABSTRACT

Mitochondrial F
1
F
o
-ATP synthase complexes do not exist as physically independent entities but rather form dimeric and possibly oligomeric complexes in the inner mitochondrial membrane. Stable dimerization of two F
1
F
o
-monomeric complexes involves the physical association of two membrane-embedded F
o
-sectors. Previously, formation of the ATP synthase dimeric-oligomeric network was demonstrated to play a critical role in modulating the morphology of the mitochondrial inner membrane. In
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
, subunit e (Su e) of the F
o
-sector plays a central role in supporting ATP synthase dimerization. The Su e protein is anchored to the inner membrane via a hydrophobic region located at its N-terminal end. The hydrophilic C-terminal region of Su e resides in the intermembrane space and contains a conserved coiled-coil motif. In the present study, we focused on characterizing the importance of these regions for the function of Su e. We created a number of C-terminal-truncated derivatives of the Su e protein and expressed them in the Su e null yeast mutant. Mitochondria were isolated from the resulting transformant strains, and a number of functions of Su e were analyzed. Our results indicate that the N-terminal hydrophobic region plays important roles in the Su e-dependent processes of mitochondrial DNA maintenance, modulation of mitochondrial morphology, and stabilization of the dimer-specific F
o
subunits, subunits g and k. Furthermore, we show that the C-terminal coiled-coil region of Su e functions to stabilize the dimeric form of detergent-solubilized ATP synthase complexes. Finally, we propose a model to explain how Su e supports the assembly of the ATP synthase dimers-oligomers in the mitochondrial membrane.
Activation of an AP1-Like Transcription Factor of the Maize Pathogen
Cochliobolus heterostrophus
in Response to Oxidative Stress and Plant Signals
Authors: Lev Sophie , Hadar Ruthi , Amedeo Paolo , Baker Scott E. , Yoder O. C. , Horwitz Benjamin A. 
Published: February 2005

ABSTRACT

Redox sensing is a ubiquitous mechanism regulating cellular activity. Fungal pathogens face reactive oxygen species produced by the host plant's oxidative burst in addition to endogenous reactive oxygen species produced during aerobic metabolism. An array of preformed and induced detoxifying enzymes, including superoxide dismutase, catalases, and peroxidases, could allow fungi to infect plants despite the oxidative burst. We isolated a gene (
CHAP1
) encoding a redox-regulated transcription factor in
Cochliobolus heterostrophus
, a fungal pathogen of maize. CHAP1 is a bZIP protein that possesses two cysteine-rich domains structurally and functionally related to
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
YAP1. Deletion of
CHAP1
in
C. heterostrophus
resulted in decreased resistance to oxidative stress caused by hydrogen peroxide and menadione, but the virulence of
chap1
mutants was unaffected. Upon activation by oxidizing agents or plant signals, a green fluorescent protein (GFP)-CHAP1 fusion protein became localized in the nucleus. Expression of genes encoding antioxidant proteins was induced in the wild type but not in
chap1
mutants. Activation of CHAP1 occurred from the earliest stage of plant infection, in conidial germ tubes on the leaf surface, and persisted during infection. Late in the course of infection, after extensive necrotic lesions were formed, GFP-CHAP1 redistributed to the cytosol in hyphae growing on the leaf surface. Localization of CHAP1 to the nucleus may, through changes in the redox state of the cell, provide a mechanism linking extracellular cues to transcriptional regulation during the plant-pathogen interaction.
Gene Discovery and Expression Profile Analysis through Sequencing of Expressed Sequence Tags from Different Developmental Stages of the Chytridiomycete
Blastocladiella emersonii
Authors: Ribichich Karina F. , Salem-Izacc Silvia M. , Georg Raphaela C. , Vêncio Ricardo Z. N. , Navarro Luci D. , Gomes Suely L. 
Published: February 2005

ABSTRACT

Blastocladiella emersonii
is an aquatic fungus of the chytridiomycete class which diverged early from the fungal lineage and is notable for the morphogenetic processes which occur during its life cycle. Its particular taxonomic position makes this fungus an interesting system to be considered when investigating phylogenetic relationships and studying the biology of lower fungi. To contribute to the understanding of the complexity of the
B. emersonii
genome, we present here a survey of expressed sequence tags (ESTs) from various stages of the fungal development. Nearly 20,000 cDNA clones from 10 different libraries were partially sequenced from their 5′ end, yielding 16,984 high-quality ESTs. These ESTs were assembled into 4,873 putative transcripts, of which 48% presented no matches with existing sequences in public databases. As a result of Gene Ontology (GO) project annotation, 1,680 ESTs (35%) were classified into biological processes of the GO structure, with transcription and RNA processing, protein biosynthesis, and transport as prevalent processes. We also report full-length sequences, useful for construction of molecular phylogenies, and several ESTs that showed high similarity with known proteins, some of which were not previously described in fungi. Furthermore, we analyzed the expression profile (digital Northern analysis) of each transcript throughout the life cycle of the fungus using Bayesian statistics. The in silico approach was validated by Northern blot analysis with good agreement between the two methodologies.
Impact of heart failure on quality of sleep
Authors: Rao A , Gray D 
Published: February 2005

Abstract
Chronic heart failure is an important health problem associated with a high mortality and morbidity. Appropriate treatment reduces mortality and leads to improved exercise tolerance but many patients report poor quality of sleep. Sleep studies of patients with heart failure suggest that sleep disordered breathing is experienced in 50% of patients and is a powerful predictor of poor prognosis. Sleep disordered breathing broadly comprises obstructive sleep apnoea, when upper airway instability causes mechanical obstruction to breathing; and central sleep apnoea, characterised by an absence of ventilatory effort. Sleep disordered breathing occurring in patients with heart failure is in most part attributable to central sleep apnoea and reflects uncompensated instability of the ventilatory feedback mechanism.
Use of humour in primary care: different perceptions among patients and physicians
Authors: Granek-Catarivas M , Goldstein-Ferber S , Azuri Y , Vinker S , Kahan E 
Published: February 2005

Abstract

Purpose
(1) To explore the frequency with which humorous behaviour and statements occur in family medicine practice in Israel, and (2) to quantitatively assess the correlation between the subjective perceptions of humour in medical encounters between patients and physicians.

Method
In a cross sectional study, two populations (doctors and patients) were surveyed with paired structured questionnaires completed immediately after primary care practice visits. Two hundred and fifty consecutive encounters from 15 practices were sampled. The physician questionnaire was self administered, and patient questionnaire was administered by a trained research assistant.

Results
A mean of 16.7 questionnaires was completed per physician (range 6–20). The physicians reported having used some humour in only 95 encounters (38%), whereas almost 60% of patients agreed with the statement, “The doctor used some humour during the visit”. At the same time, for specific encounters, the agreement between patients’ perception and physicians’ perceptions on the use of humour, although not completely by chance (p = 0.04), is low (κ = 0.115). Patient characteristics (age, education, gender, family status, mother tongue, self perceived heath status, stress, mood, and expectations) were not related to the degree of agreement between the patients’ and physicians’ perceptions.

Conclusion
Humour was used in a large proportion of encounters, independently of patient characteristics. Patients seem to be more sensitised to humour than physicians, probably because of their high stress level during medical encounters. Cultural differences may also play a part. Physicians should be made aware of this magnifying effect, and the issue should be discussed in medical schools.
Low grade B cell gastric mucosa associated lymphoma presenting as upper gastrointestinal bleeding from non-healing stomal ulcers
Authors: Misra S P , Misra V , Dwivedi M 
Published: February 2005

Abstract
Primary gastric lymphoma is a rare tumour. It is thought that low grade gastric mucosa associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma has not been previously reported to occur in a patient with gastrojejunostomy. This report describes such a case. The patient presented with bleeding from non-healing stomal ulcers. The ulcers healed and there was regression of the tumour after eradication of Helicobacter pylori.
Correction Method for RS80-A Humicap Humidity Profiles and Their Validation by Lidar Backscattering Profiles in Tropical Cirrus Clouds
Authors: Leiterer Ulrich , Dier Horst , Nagel Dagmar , Naebert Tatjana , Althausen Dietrich , Franke Kathleen , Kats Alexandre , Wagner Frank 
Published: February 2005

Abstract
Routine radiosonde relative humidity (RH) measurements are not reliable as they are presently used in the global upper-air network. The new Lindenberg measuring and evaluation method, which provides RH profile measurements with an accuracy of ±1% RΗ in the temperature range from 35° to −70°C near the tropical tropopause is described. This Standardized Frequencies (FN) method uses a thin-film capacitive polymer sensor of a modified RS90-H Humicap radiosonde. These research humidity reference radiosondes (FN sondes) are used to develop a correction method for operational RS80-A Humicap humidity profiles. All steps of correction and quality control for RS80-A radiosondes are shown: ground-check correction, time-lag and temperature-dependent correction, and the recognition of icing during the ascent. The results of a statistical comparison between FN sondes and RS80-A sondes are presented. Corrected humidity data of operational RS80-A sondes used in Lindenberg (4 times daily) show no bias when compared to FN radiosondes and have an uncertainty of about ±3% RH at the 1 σ or 68% confidence level from 1000 to about 150 hPa. Only a small dry bias of at most −2% RH remains in the lowest part of the boundary layer (up to 500-m height). Finally, some examples of corrected RS80-A RH profiles in cirrus clouds validated by lidar backscattering profiles in a region of the intertropical convergence (Maldive Islands) are demonstrated. The soundings indicate that ice-saturated and ice-supersaturated air above 10-km height were connected with cirrus clouds in all 47 investigated cases, and, second, that the corrected RS80-A RH profiles also provide good quality information on water vapor in the upper troposphere.
Motion Correction for Shipborne Turbulence Sensors
Authors: Schulz E. W. , Sanderson B. G. , Bradley E. F. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractA method for removing ship motion from wind measurements using a simple and inexpensive strap-down system of accelerometers is described and analyzed. In slight seas, error analysis indicates that mean root-mean-square uncertainties associated with the motion correction are 0.03 and 0.006 m s−1 for the horizontal and vertical wind, respectively, for all runs analyzed. The mean uncertainty in the wind stress due to motion correction is 8 × 10−4 N m−2. In a shallow coastal sea setting, ship motion appears to almost always be successfully detected and removed from the vertical component of the observed wind. The horizontal wind components appear to be successfully corrected in 86% of the runs analyzed. Motion correction is shown to have a significant influence on the covariance-calculated wind stress. In approximately half of the runs analyzed the wind stress changes by more than 15%. Motion correction has a smaller effect on the heat fluxes.