bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of Age and Message Frame on COVID-19 Vaccination Willingness Early in the Pandemic
Authors: Spalvins Nikita C. , Leon Tarren , Bailey Phoebe E. 
Published: January 2024

Objective: This study examined whether age would moderate the association between a brief message frame intervention and COVID-19 vaccine willingness. Methods: Data were collected in Australia between 25 June and 5 July 2021. Participants ( N = 187) aged 18–85 years had not yet received a dose of COVID-19 vaccine. After random assignment to a gain- or loss-framed message, participants reported COVID-19 vaccine willingness, general anti-vaccine attitudes, approach and avoidance motivation, and COVID-19 illness risk perception. Results: Message frame did not influence COVID-19 vaccine willingness. However, greater COVID-19 illness risk perception and older age increased the odds of Pfizer vaccine willingness, while lower avoidance motivation increased the odds of AstraZeneca vaccine willingness. Greater anti-vaccine ideology decreased the odds of willingness to receive either of the COVID-19 vaccines. Conclusions: A brief message frame intervention did not influence COVID-19 vaccine willingness across the adult lifespan.
Phenobarbital Versus Benzodiazepines for the Treatment of Severe Alcohol Withdrawal
Authors: Kessel Katherine M. , Olson Logan M. , Kruse Derek A. , Lyden Elizabeth R. , Whiston Kelsey E. , Blodgett Mindy M. , Balasanova Alena A. 
Published: January 2024

Background: Phenobarbital may offer advantages over benzodiazepines for severe alcohol withdrawal syndrome (SAWS), but its impact on clinical outcomes has not been fully elucidated. Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the clinical impact of phenobarbital versus benzodiazepines for SAWS. Methods: This retrospective cohort study compared phenobarbital to benzodiazepines for the management of SAWS for patients admitted to progressive or intensive care units (ICUs) between July 2018 and July 2022. Patients included had a history of delirium tremens (DT) or seizures, Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment of Alcohol-Revised (CIWA-Ar) >15, or Prediction of Alcohol Withdrawal Severity Scale (PAWSS) score ≥4. The primary outcome was hospital length of stay (LOS). Secondary outcomes included progressive or ICU LOS, incidence of adjunctive pharmacotherapy, and incidence/duration of mechanical ventilation. Results: The final analysis included 126 phenobarbital and 98 benzodiazepine encounters. Patients treated with phenobarbital had shorter median hospital LOS versus those treated with benzodiazepines (2.8 vs 4.7 days; P < 0.0001); a finding corroborated by multivariable analysis. The phenobarbital group also had shorter median progressive/ICU LOS (0.7 vs 1.3 days; P < 0.0001), and lower incidence of dexmedetomidine ( P < 0.0001) and antipsychotic initiation ( P < 0.0001). Fewer patients in the phenobarbital group compared to the benzodiazepine group received new mechanical ventilation ( P = 0.045), but median duration was similar (1.2 vs 1.6 days; P = 1.00). Conclusion and relevance: Scheduled phenobarbital was associated with decreased hospital LOS compared to benzodiazepines for SAWS. This was the first study to compare outcomes of fixed-dose, nonoverlapping phenobarbital to benzodiazepines in patients with clearly defined SAWS and details a readily implementable protocol.
Impact of Topical Capsaicin Cream on Thermoregulation and Perception While Walking in the Cold
Authors: Rosales Alejandro M. , Moler Jessica L. , Engellant Andrew C. , Held Alice L. , Slivka Dustin R. 
Published: January 2024

Introduction Capsaicin, a chili pepper extract, can stimulate increased skin blood flow (SkBF) with a perceived warming sensation on application areas. Larger surface area application may exert a more systemic thermoregulatory response. Capsaicin could assist with maintaining heat transport to the distal extremities, minimizing cold weather injury risk. However, the thermoregulatory and perceptual impact of topical capsaicin cream application prior to exercise in the cold is unknown. Methods Following application of either a 0.1% capsaicin or control cream to the upper and lower extremities (10 g total, ∼40–50% body surface area), 11 participants in shorts and a t-shirt were exposed to 30 min of cold (0 °C, 40% relative humidity). Exposures comprised of 5 min seated rest, 20 min walking (1.6 m·s−1, 5% grade), and 5 min seated rest. Temperature (skin, core), SkBF, skin conductivity, heart rate, thermal sensation, and thermal comfort were measured throughout. Results The capsaicin treatment did not differ from the control treatment in skin temperature (treatment mean: 30.0 ± 2.5, 30.1 ± 2.4 °C, respectively, p = 0.655), core temperature (treatment mean: 37.3 ± 0.5, 37.4 ± 0.4 °C, respectively, p = 0.113), SkBF (treatment mean: −8.4 ± 10.0, −11.1 ± 10.7 A.U., respectively, p = 0.492), skin conductivity (treatment mean: −0.7 ± 5.1, 0.4 ± 6.4 µS, respectively, p = 0.651), or heart rate (treatment mean: 83 ± 29, 85 ± 28 beats·minute−1, respectively, p = 0.234). The capsaicin and control treatments also did not differ in thermal sensation ( p = 0.521) and thermal comfort ( p = 0.982), with perceptual outcomes corresponding with feeling “cool” and “just uncomfortable,” respectively. Conclusions 0.1% topical capsaicin application to exposed limbs prior to walking in a cold environment does not alter whole-body thermoregulation or thermal perception.
Urethral Recurrence After Cystectomy and Orthotopic Bladder Reconstruction: A Rare Case of Recurrent Bladder Cancer After 12 Years and Review of the Literature
Authors: Truong Trong-Tan Ho , Nguyen Dang-Khoa Huynh , Dinh Ky Nam , Thai Minh Sam 
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Radical cystectomy combined with orthotopic urinary diversion is a chosen approach for treating invasive bladder cancer. However, urothelial cell carcinoma is characterized by its potential for recurrence and the development of multiple tumors in the urinary tracts. In the natural progression of transitional cell carcinoma, the remaining ureteral stump is considered a predicted site for possible recurrence after radical cystectomy. Currently, there is no specific recommendation for the diagnosis and management of this condition. Objective: We report a rare case in a 74-year-old male patient who was diagnosed with anterior urethral carcinoma following a history of radical cystectomy and Hautmann ileal neobladder reconstruction. Additionally, we summarize some novel findings regarding risk factors, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis in patients with recurrent bladder cancer in the urethra after radical cystectomy. Methods: A case report and mini review. Results: The patient was diagnosed with recurrent bladder cancer in the urethral after radical cystectomy using magnetic resonance imaging of the pelvis, cystoscopy, and biopsy. Complete urethrectomy and creation of a permanent percutaneous urinary diversion were performed. No intraoperative or postoperative complications were recorded. The patient was discharged 3 days after the surgery. Conclusion: Urethral cancer following radical cystectomy for bladder cancer treatment is a rare condition. Risk factors for this occurrence include male gender, non-use of orthotopic neobladder reconstruction technique, invasive tumors in the prostatic urethra, and multifocal tumors. The treatment of these tumors can be determined based on the extent of invasion and histological characteristics, leading to the choice between radical urethrectomy or alternative conservative treatments.
Clinical impact of gender and age at onset on disease trajectory in primary progressive multiple sclerosis patients
Authors: Camerlingo Sebastian , Rubinstein Fernando , Celia Ysrraelit Maria , Correale Jorge , Carnero Contentti Edgar , Rojas Juan I , Patrucco Liliana , Leguizamon Felisa del Valle , Tkachuk Veronica , Fernandez Liguori Nora , Cristiano Edgardo , Mainella Carolina , Zanga Gisela , Carra Adriana , Marrodan Mariano , Martinez Alejandra Diana , Silva Berenice Anabel , Alonso Ricardo 
Published: January 2024

Background and Objectives: Primary-progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS) is characterized by gradual neurological deterioration without relapses. This study aimed to investigate the clinical impact of gender and age at disease onset on disease progression and disability accumulation in patients with this disease phenotype. Methods: Secondary data from the RelevarEM registry, a longitudinal database in Argentina, were analyzed. The cohort comprised patients with PPMS who met inclusion criteria. Statistical analysis with multilevel Bayesian robust regression modeling was conducted to assess the associations between gender, age at onset, and Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score trajectories. Results: We identified 125 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of PPMS encompassing a total of 464 observations. We found no significant differences in EDSS scores after 10 years of disease progression between genders (−0.08; credible interval (CI): −0.60, 0.42). A 20-year difference in age at onset did not show significant differences in EDSS score after 10 years of disease progression (0.281; CI: −0.251, 0.814). Finally, we also did not find any clinically relevant difference between gender EDSS score with a difference of 20 years in age at onset (−0.021; CI: −0.371, 0.319). Conclusion: Biological plausibility of gender and age effects does not correlate with clinical impact measured by EDSS score.
A Matched Comparative Analysis of Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus Remission Between Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass and Sleeve Gastrectomy
Authors: Hage Karl , Ma Pearl , Ghusn Wissam , Ikemiya Kayla , Acosta Andres , Vierkant Robert A. , Abu Dayyeh Barham K. , Higa Kelvin D. , Ghanem Omar M. 
Published: January 2024

Objective Multiple scores validate long-term type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remission after metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS). However, studies comparing Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and sleeve gastrectomy (SG) have not adequately controlled for certain parameters, which may influence procedure selection. Methods We conducted a multicenter retrospective review of patients with T2DM who underwent RYGB or SG between 2008 and 2017. Data on demographics, clinical, laboratory, and metabolic values were collected annually for up to 14 years. Each eligible RYGB patient was individually matched to an eligible SG patient based on diabetes severity, weight loss, and follow-up duration. Results Among 1149 T2DM patients, 467 were eligible for matching. We found 97 matched pairs who underwent RYGB or SG. RYGB showed significantly higher T2DM remission rates (46.4%) compared to SG (33.0%) after matching. SG patients had higher insulin usage (35.1%) than RYGB patients (20.6%). RYGB patients also experienced greater decreases in HbA1c levels and diabetes medication usage than SG patients. Conclusions RYGB demonstrates higher efficacy for T2DM remission compared to SG, regardless of baseline characteristics, T2DM severity, weight loss, and follow-up duration. Further studies are needed to understand the long-term metabolic effects of MBS and the underlying pathophysiology of T2DM remission after MBS.
Harms Reporting in the RCTs Underpinning the AAOS Clinical Practice Guidelines for Clavicle Fractures
Authors: Thompson Ashley A. , Iyer Avinash , Kotlier Jacob L. , Mayfield Cory K. , Petrigliano Frank A. , Liu Joseph N. 
Published: January 2024

Background: The American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS) publishes clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) for various pathologies. An extension to the Consolidated Standards for Reporting (CONSORT) checklist provides authors with a framework for reporting harms in randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Objectives: The purpose of this study was to measure harms reporting among RCTs cited as supporting evidence for the AAOS CPG on the treatment of clavicle fractures. This study also sought to determine whether these reporting rates changed over time. Methods: Adhering to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, we used the AAOS CPG for clavicle fractures and conducted a linear regression analysis to model the relationship between the year of publication and the total CONSORT checklist percentage adherence over time. Results: There were 28 RCTs cited as supporting evidence for the clavicle fractures CPG included in the final sample. The average number of the 18 CONSORT Extension for Harms items appropriately reported across all included RCTs was 9.32 (51.8%). Nine checklist items had more than 50% compliance (50%), 3 items had between 20% and 50% compliance (16.7%), and 6 items had less than 20% compliance (33.3%). The linear regression model demonstrated no significant improvement in CONSORT Harms reporting over time. Conclusions: Adverse events are inadequately reported in RCTs cited as supporting evidence for the AAOS Treatment of Clavicle Fractures CPGs. We recommend the utilization of standardized adverse event reporting tools specific to orthopedic trauma literature to facilitate ease in adverse event reporting among RCTs.
A phase II study evaluating the efficacy of enzalutamide and the role of liquid biopsy for evaluation of ARv7 in mCRPC patients with measurable metastases including visceral disease (Excalibur study)
Authors: Sepe Pierangela , Procopio Giuseppe , Pircher Chiara Carlotta , Basso Umberto , Caffo Orazio , Cappelletti Vera , Claps Melanie , De Giorgi Ugo , Fratino Lucia , Guadalupi Valentina , Miodini Patrizia , De Marco Cinzia , Perrucci Bruno , Mennitto Alessia , Santini Daniele , Spina Francesco , Stellato Marco , de Braud Filippo , Verzoni Elena 
Published: January 2024

Background: Up to 30% of patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) develop visceral metastases, which are associated with a poor prognosis. Objectives: Efficacy of enzalutamide in mCRPC patients with measurable metastases, including visceral and/or extra-regional lymph nodes. Methods: In this phase II multicenter study, patients with mCRPC and measurable metastases received enzalutamide as the first line. Primary endpoint: 3-month (mo) disease control rate (DCR) defined as the proportion of patients with complete (CR) or partial response (PR) or stable disease (SD) as per Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors 1.1. Secondary endpoint: safety. Exploratory endpoint: the association between ARv7 splicing variants in basal circulating tumor cell (CTC)-enriched blood samples and treatment response/resistance using the AdnaTest ProstateCancerSelect kit and the AdnaTest ProstateCancer Panel AR-V7. Results: From March 2017 to January 2021, 68 patients were enrolled. One patient never started treatment. Median age: 72 years. A total of 52 patients (78%) received enzalutamide as a first line for mCRPC. The median follow-up was 32 months. At the 3-month assessment, 24 patients presented an SD, 1 patient achieved a CR, and 23 patients had a PR (3-mo-DCR of 72%). Discontinuations due to adverse events (AEs), disease-related death, or disease progression occurred in 9%, 6%, and 48% of patients. All patients reported at least one grade (G) 1–2 AE: the most common were fatigue (49%) and hypertension (33%). Six G3 AEs were reported: two hypertension, one seizure, one fatigue, one diarrhea, and one headache. Basal detection of ARv7 was significantly associated with poor treatment response (p = 0.034) and a nonsignificant association (p = 0.15) was observed between ARv7 detection and response assessments. At month 3, ARv7 was detected in 57%, 25%, and 15% of patients undergoing progressive disease, SD, and PR, respectively. Conclusion: The study met its primary endpoint, showing the efficacy of enzalutamide in men with mCRPC and measurable metastatic lesions in visceral and/or lymph node sites. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03103724. First Posted: 6 April 2017. First patient enrollment: 19 April 2017.
The mediating effect of self-efficacy on the relationship between social support and medication adherence in adults with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Khalili Azar Khadijeh , Mirzaei Amirreza , Babapour Ali-Reza , Fathnezhad-Kazemi Azita 
Published: January 2024

Objective: To evaluate the status of medication adherence in diabetic patients and its effective factors. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted with 170 diabetic patients in Iran. Participants were assessed for medication adherence, self-efficacy, and social support. Descriptive statistics, bivariate analyses, and multiple stepwise regression were conducted to explore predictors for medication adherence. Results: Regression analysis showed that 48% of medication adherence changes stemmed from the four variables including social support, self-efficacy, income, and education levels, ( R2adj = 0.480, F = 39.943, p < 0.001). According to the model, the highest effects were related to income level (β = 0.332, t = 5.493, p ⩽ 0.001) and self-efficacy (β = 0.330, t = 4.789, p ⩽ 0.001), respectively. Based on the final model, only the social support variable showed no significant relationship with adherence (β = 0.002, t = 0.032, p = 0.947). Conclusion: Social support and self-efficacy were related to medication adherence in diabetic patients, and social support can improve medication adherence in patients with diabetes by affecting self-efficacy. Healthcare workers who interact with individuals with diabetes should take into account the factors mentioned above when designing health promotion interventions to address the needs of these individuals.
Incidence and characteristics of ligamentous knee injuries accompanying a femur shaft fracture and their association with injury mechanism and fracture characteristics: A prospective-observational study in a low-middle-income country
Authors: Dawood Muhammad Hamza , Shahzad Muhammad Gulfam , Perveen Haseefa , Daniyal Muhammad , Sohail Sheza , Roshan Mavra 
Published: January 2024

Objective: This study aims to elaborate the incidence, types, and characteristics of ligamentous knee injuries accompanying femoral-shaft fractures and their association with demographic data, fracture characteristics, and injury mechanism. Methods: This multi-center-prospective-observational study examined patients in the Shaheed Mohtarma Benazir Bhutto Institute of Trauma and Civil Hospital orthopedic wards. Using the consecutive sampling technique, 146 patients with femoral-shaft fractures were recruited, and scrutinized to determine the presence of ligamentous knee injury, through an evaluation form encompassing patients’ demographic data, fracture characteristics, knee examinations, and confirmed through magnetic resonance imaging. Knee injuries were detected intra-operatively under regional/general anesthesia and post-operatively utilizing diagnostic maneuvers (varus/valgus stress, Lachman, anterior/posterior drawer, external rotation recurvatum, and McMurray tests) by 2–3 surgeons and confirmed through magnetic resonance imaging. Magnetic resonance imaging was exclusively employed in suspected false positive/negative cases, and when a titanium implant was utilized, that is, 131 cases (89.7%). Chi-square test was used to assess the relationship between incidence and type of ligamentous knee injury with demographic data, injury mechanism, and fracture characteristics. Results: Among the 146 patients with femoral-shaft fractures, 78% and 22% were males and females, with 37% experiencing associated ligamentous knee injury. Medial collateral ligament and anterior cruciate ligament were the commonest types of ligamentous injuries accompanying femoral-shaft fractures, at 44% and 33%. The Chi-square revealed a statistically significant association between the incidence of ligamentous knee injury accompanying femoral-shaft fracture with demographic data, injury mechanism, and fracture characteristics ( p-value < 0.05), and was noted to be higher among males (55.6%), participants aged 18–25 years (66.7%), involved in a road traffic accident (88.9%), resulting in a complex (77.8%) and close fracture (88.9%). A similar association was seen between medial collateral ligament and anterior cruciate ligament injuries with age, injury mechanism, and fracture characteristics ( p-value < 0.05). Conclusion: Our study revealed the unaddressed fact that Pakistan has a significant incidence of ligamentous knee injuries accompanying femoral-shaft fractures. These insights can empower clinicians/surgeons to understand and manage this condition effectively.
Comparison of Outcomes in Pediatric and Adolescent Posterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries With and Without Meniscal Tears: Operative Versus Nonoperative Management
Authors: Rupp Garrett E. , Adrian Katherine M.V. , Bomar James D. , Chau Justin , Pennock Andrew T. , Edmonds Eric W. 
Published: January 2024

Background: Despite the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) being an essential stabilizer of the knee, there is a paucity of data regarding injury management in pediatric patients. Purpose/Hypothesis: The purpose of this study was to evaluate differences in outcomes after operative (OP) versus nonoperative (NOP) management of pediatric isolated (single-ligament) PCL tears. It was hypothesized that managing PCL tears operatively would lead to improved functional outcomes compared with NOP management, especially in the setting of an associated meniscal tear. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Pediatric patients with an isolated PCL injury between 2006 and 2020 were identified and grouped according to whether they had a concomitant meniscal tear (PCL+M) or no meniscal tear (PCL-M). These cohorts were further sorted into OP, NOP, and nonoperative converted to operative (NOP2OP) treatment cohorts. Outcome data collected included Lysholm score, current activity level, and whether the patient returned to sports after treatment. Results: A total of 48 patients (49 knees) met study inclusion criteria (31 male, 18 female; mean age at injury, 15.6 years; age range, 8.3-18.9 years). There were 37 knees in the PCL-M cohort (30 NOP, 2 NOP2OP, and 5 OP) and 12 knees in the PCL+M cohort (4 NOP, 4 NOP2OP, and 4 OP). The mean duration of follow-up was 6.2 years (range, 2.4-15.7 years). The mean Lysholm scores were not significantly different between the OP and NOP knees in either the PCL-M cohort ( P = .582) or the PCL+M cohort ( P = .570); however, the PCL-M cohort overall had significantly higher scores compared with the PCL+M cohort (92.7 ± 13.0 vs 82.8 ± 18.8, respectively; P = .019). Conclusion: The pediatric patients in this series had similar functional outcomes when managed operatively or nonoperatively for their single-ligament PCL tear. When considering concomitant meniscal injury, the results indicated that children with meniscal injury had a worse outcome than those without a meniscal injury. Shared decision-making with patients and their family should take these results into consideration.