bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Medical Students’ Perception Regarding Community Medicine as a Subject and a Career Option Amongst Medical Colleges of Lahore City
Authors: Hamna Azhar  , Izzah Baig  , Fareha Azam  , Jannat Ehsan  , Danyal Faisal  , Zainab Omer  
Published: November 2023

Introduction: Community medicine is an integral part of the healthcare profession, and inculcates the knowledge and skills needed to solve health issues in society.
Aims & Objectives: The objective of this study was to compare the perception of medical students about community medicine as a subject and as a career path between government and private sector colleges.
Place and duration of study: The study was conducted at CMH Lahore Medical College and Shaikh Khalifa bin Zayed AlNahyan Medical And Dental College for a dutration of 6 monthsfrom December 2021 till May 2022..
Material & Methods: A comparative cross-sectional survey was conducted on fourth and final-year students from medical colleges in the private and public sectors. The survey was conducted through the “Google Forms” application through a self-made questionnaire with a sample size of 421. The survey consisted of three sections. Section one pertained to the demographic information, whereas section 2 and 3 pertained to the perception of community medicine as a subject and as a career, respectively. Data was analyzed using SPSS software version 25.0, P-value<0.05 was taken as significant.
Results: Majority of participants in the study were females (59%). Half of the participants (50%) agreed that community medicine is related to health-related issues and the majority (40%) believed that it is integral for solving problems at a community level. However, most participants (57%) reported that they would not opt for community medicine as a career. The contributing factors were reported to be less fame (66%) and salary (61%).
Conclusion: Students showed a good understanding and perception of community medicine as a subject. However, they are reluctant to pursue it as a career.
Early Postoperative Pain in Video Assisted Anal Fistula Treatment Versus Open Fistulectomy
Authors: Maham Qazi  , Danyal Anwar Shiraz  , Ch Muhammad Aqeel  , Pir Muneeb Rehman  , Fawad Hameed  , Mohammad Aslam  
Published: November 2023

Introduction: Anal fistulas are chronic anorectal infections with constant pus containing discharge from the perianal region which can only be treated surgically.
Aims & Objectives: To compare mean duration of post-operative pain in patients undergoing video-assisted treatment (VAAFT) with patients who were cared for with an open fistulectomy.
Place and Duration of Study: This randomized controlled trial was conducted in the Surgical Department of Chaudhry Mohammad Akram Hospital, Lahore from 1st March 2022 to 31st August 2022. After necessary permission and approval from Ethics Committee and Research Department of Azra Naheed Medical College, Lahore. 60 patients who were assessed according to inclusion criteria of this study were taken.
Materials and Methods: 60 patients of both genders who had presenting complaint of anal fistula were randomly assigned to two groups ( n=30) each. Group A were provided video-assisted fistula treatment and Group B with open fistulectomy approach. Physiological parameters as age, BMI and importantly postoperative pain were observed on 2nd day post procedure. SPSS version 20 was used to analyse the data, P-value<0.05 was taken as significant.
Results: The range of age included was from 18 to 50 years with mean age of 38.6+5.8 years in group A and 40.933+5.4 years in group B (p=0.11), mean duration of anal fistula was 9.13+1.8 weeks in group A and 9.06+2.1 weeks in group B(P=0.89). Patients in group A had a mean BMI of 27.1±1.62 Kg/m² while patients in group B had a mean BMI of 27.5±1.73 Kg/m² (p=0.36). The mean duration of each procedure was 21.4+1.37 minutes in group A and 38.300+1.46 minutes in group B(p<0.001). Mean postoperative pain was 0.333±0.09 on VAS score in group having VAAFT and 2.200±0.18 in group having open fistulectomy (p<0.001).
Conclusion: In comparison with conventional fistulectomy, VAAFT seems to be superior with almost no complications post operatively and less pain.
Diet in Pregnancy and Preeclampsia: Is There An Association?A Hospital Based Matched Case Control Study
Authors: Zoofishan Imran  , Umer Saeed Ansari  , Shamim Akram  , Shehla Javaid  , Hifza Noor Lodhi  
Published: November 2023

Introduction: Preeclampsia has been rated amongst leading causes of feto-maternal morbidity and mortality but its etiology still remains not very clear.
Aims & Objectives: To study the association of intake of certain food items with preeclampsia.
Place and duration of study: This was a matched case-control study, carried out in tertiary care hospitals of Lahore during February 2019 to March 2020.
Material & Methods: One hunded and thirty-two subjects were recruited based on predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Matching was done for age, gestational period, parity, education status, and income status. Information on consumption of various food items was recorded on food frequency questionnaire and results were analyzed to determine risk of developing preeclampsia by computing Odds Ratio. Data entry and analysis was done using SPSS version 20., p value ? 0.05 was taken as significant.
Results: Milk, meat and fruits consumption in study group did not show statistically significant association with preeclampsia (OR 0.51, 0.69, 1.75 and p-value=0.194, 0.211, 0.114 respectively), while consumption of green leafy vegetables shows statistically significant difference between Cases and Control. Higher risk of developing preeclampsia was seen in Cases with deficient intake of green leafy vegetables than in Controls with regular intake (Odds ratio=3.51 and p-value=0.001).
Conclusion: Deficient consumption of green leafy vegetables is associated with higher risk of preeclampsia in pregnant women.
Heavy Metal Ion and Haptoglobin Association with Career Duration in Pharmaceutical Industries: A Potential Occupational Hazard?
Authors: Uzma Jabbar  , Muniza Qayyum  , Rukhshan Khurshid  , Maira Mahmood  
Published: November 2023

Introduction: Due to the increase growth of industrialization, the problem of environmental pollution has increased worldwide.
Aims & Objectives: A cross-sectional comparative study was designed to find out association between heavy metal ion (lead & nickel), haptoglobin and years of working in Pharmaceutical inddustries.
Place and duration of study: Pharmaceutical industry located at Quaid-e-Azam Industrial Estate Kot Lakhpat, Lahore, Punjab. Duration of study was January 2019 to June 2019.
Material & Methods: A total of 58 workers of a pharmaceutical industry were included in the study.35 age matched subjects with no history of any disease were taken as controls. A brief questionnaire was filled by each participant. Heavy metals present in serum sample of patients were digested by concentrated Nitric Acid. The digested samples were analyzed to estimate the level of lead and nickel using atomic absorption spectrophotometry available at the Department of IMBB University of Lahore.Data was entered and analyzed by SPSS 20, p ? 0.05 was taken as significant.
Results: Mean age of workers was 40.64 years with BMI 23.52 kg/m2. Their work of experience or duration of work in industries was 1-5 years, 6-10 years and > 10 years. Majority had dry cough followed by running nose, breathless end of day and headache. Levels of lead, nickel and haptoglobin was significantly raised compared to controls. Association of lead and nickel exposure with years of working experience showed that with increasing working experience or duration of workers the levels of lead and haptoglobin was markedly raise (5.9 ± 2.8 mg/l) as compared to the level of nickel (2.58 ± 1.05 mg/l).
Conclusion: Exposure of lead and nickel increases the level of haptoglobin and causes health issue in the workers of Pharmaceutical factors. Levels of these heavy metals increased in circulation of workers with the increasing of their duration of work or work experience.
Trends Of Respiratory Viral Infections in Punjab Pakistan In The Post COVID-19 Period
Authors: Hajra Farooq  , Waheed Uz Zaman Tariq  , Omar Rasheed Chughtai  , Bushra Iqbal  
Published: November 2023

Introduction: Respiratory infections caused by viruses are becoming a global concern, especially in the aftermath of COVID-19 pandemic. Due to massive impact of COVID-19 in the past 3 years globally, other viruses causing respiratory illnesses have largely been ignored. But as the COVID-19 pandemic declined, changing trends were seen in the pattern of respiratory viral infections in Pakistan.
Aims & Objectives: To study the trends of respiratory viral infections in Pakistan in the winter of 2022/2023 after the decline of Covid-19 pandemic.
Material & Methods: A total of 454 samples were evaluated for viral pathogens (Influenza A, Influenza B and Respiratory syncytial virus) by running them on Multiplex Polymerase chain reaction. We received 373 samples from Lahore,46 from Multan,24 from Islamabad,6 from Rawalpindi,4 from Okara and 1 from Sheikhupura. Data was analyzed by applying descriptive statistics using SPSS version 23, a p-value of ?0.05 was considered significant.
Results: The prevalence of Influenza A virus was 26.4% (120/454 cases), followed by RSV which showed the prevalence of 10% (46/454 cases) whereas Influenza B showed a prevalence of 6%(27/454cases).
Conclusion: Influenza A and RSV incidence has surged in the year 2022/2023 which is the post Covid -19 period. There is an increased incidence of Influenza A in the elderly population whereas RSV in children.
Diagnostic Accuracy Of Ultrasound For Confirmation Of Endotracheal Tube Placement Taking Capnography As A Gold Standard
Authors: Riffat Saeed  , Mahrukh Hamza  , Tariq Bangash  , Amer Latif  , Tooba Ammar  , Irfan Ali Kakepotto  
Published: November 2023

Introduction: Accurate placement of an endotracheal tube (ETT) is critical for patient safety during medical procedures. The research explores the potential of ultrasound technology to provide a reliable alternative for ETT confirmation, offering insights into its diagnostic performance and the implications for enhancing patient care in surgical settings.
Aims & Objectives: To determine the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound for the confirmation of endotracheal tube keeping Capnography as a Gold standard.
Place and Duration of Study: It is a Cross Sectional study and the study was carried out in Operation Theater Shaikh Zayed Hospital Lahore, within 6 months after approval of synopsis i.e. from 5th May, 2020 till 4th November, 2021.
Material & Methods:Total 219 patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were enrolled. After standardization of anesthetic measures all patients were intubated by direct laryngoscopy. ETT placement was assessed by capnometry and by ultrasonography. Endotracheal tube placement was labeled (as per operational definition) on both the techniques.The analysis of the data was conducted using SPSS version 21.0, a p-value of ?0.05 was considered significant.
Results: The mean age, BMI, neck circumference and thyromental distance of the patients was 39±8.15 years, 27±3.42 Kg/m 2, 29.5±4.63cm and 6.9±0.50cm. There were 58% males and 42% females in the study. Ultrasonography exhibited sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and diagnostic accuracy rates of 98.5%, 90.6%, 98.9%, 86.1%, and 97.7%, respectively, in its ability to detect the accurate placement of endotracheal tubes (ETT).
Conclusion: The sensitivity, specificity, diagnostic accuracy and promptness of recognition for confirmation of tracheal placement of ETT is higher withultrasonography compared to the gold standardcapnography in patients undergoing elective surgery under general anesthesia.
Work Environment, Human Resource Practices, and Organizational Culture: A Causal Model on Service Quality of Employees in Government Agency in Davao Region
Authors: Lerio Rogelio R. , Bandiola Alberto N. 
Published: November 2023

Purpose: This quantitative, non-experimental study aimed to establish the best-fit structural model for the service quality of employees in a national government agency, with a specific focus on the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) in the Davao Region. Its significance lies in contributing to the existing body of knowledge in the field of public administration, leading to a more efficient and effective delivery of public services. Examining the relationship between factors such as the work environment, human resource practices, and organizational culture concerning service quality, this study builds upon the conclusions drawn from international research, which has investigated these factors in other countries but has yet to address the specific context of the Philippines, particularly in the Davao Region. Therefore, this study would address the gap by examining these relationships in the local context, contributing valuable insights to the literature on service quality in the Philippines.
Methodology: A standardized instrument, administered through the Google platform, was used to survey 400 rank-and-file employees selected via stratified sampling in the Davao Region. The data collected were analyzed using statistical methods, including mean and standard deviation calculations, Pearson correlation analysis, multiple regression, and structural equation modeling (SEM).
Findings: The study revealed that the service quality (dependent variable) was very high, while the work environment, human resource practices, and organizational culture (independent variables) were all at high levels. A Pearson correlation analysis unveiled a statistically significant and positively correlated relationship between the independent and dependent variables. Multiple regression analysis indicated that work environment, human resource practices, and organizational culture influence service quality. Moreover, organizational culture was found to be the best influencer of service quality of employees. Significantly, Model 5 emerges as the most fitting structural model for assessing service quality. The model demonstrated the direct influence of the work environment on service quality. Additionally, the SEM model identified specific variables that can predict service quality: training and development and evaluation and supervision (for human resource practices), physical and social work environment (for work environment), and adaptability, consistency, and involvement (for organizational culture).
Recommendations: Therefore, the discoveries from this study offer valuable insights with direct relevance to policymakers and managers seeking to improve service quality in national government agencies.
Permainan Tradisional Marampera Dalam Pembentukan Karakter Pada Anak Usia Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Lubis Sartika Eka Fitri 
Published: November 2023

Latar belakang: Aktivitas bermain anak semakin berubah akibat kemajuan teknologi yang semakin pesat, khususnya bagi mereka yang duduk di bangku sekolah dasar. Anak-anak zaman sekarang lebih banyak menghabiskan waktunya untuk bermain video, play station, dan game internet. Saat ini, mudah untuk menemukan permainan digital di lingkungan tempat tinggal kita. Permainan tradisional yang dulunya populer dan berkembang di lingkungan kita kini tergerus oleh maraknya permainan digital. Permainan tradisional pada umumnya dimainkan secara berkelompok atau minimal dua orang. Permainan anak tradisional dapat mestimulasi anak dalam mengembangkan kerjasama, membantu terhadap teman, menaati aturan, serta menghargai orang lain. Karakter seorang anak dapat dipengaruhi oleh kecanggihan teknologi dan penggunaannya yang tidak dibatasi tanpa pengawasan orang tua. Permainan tradisional dapat meningkatkan fokus, sikap, pengetahuan, dan perkembangan motorik kasar anak selain membantu mereka mempelajari prinsip-prinsip moral usia sekolah dasar Metode penelitian: Penelitian ini termasuk dalam kategori penelitian lapangan karena informasi yang dibutuhkan untuk menyusun karya ilmiah tersebut berasal dari lapangan masyarakat, khususnya UPT SPF SDN 104230. Penelitian ini menggunakan metodologi penelitian kualitatif dan pendekatan fenomenologis. Hasil penelitian: Penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa permainan tradisional marampera memiliki nilai karakter seperti ketekunan, kecepatan, ketepatan, dan sportivitas dalam permainan ini. Kegembiraan para pemain saat mencoba melompati tali merupakan cerminan dari pentingnya kerja keras. Upaya pemain untuk mengukur ketinggian tali dan lompatan yang akan datang menunjukkan pentingnya akurasi dan ketangkasan. Satu-satunya cara untuk memiliki ketelitian dan ketangkasan dalam bermain adalah dengan sering bermain atau berlatih lompat tali. Sementara itu, pemain yang menjunjung tinggi aturan permainan dan bersedia menggantikan pemegang tali jika terjadi pelanggaran menunjukkan nilai sportivitas. Memainkan permainan ini membantu anak menjadi terampil secara fisik, gesit, lincah, dan dinamis. Kesimpulan: Dapat disimpulkan bahwa bermain permainan tradisional, membantu anak-anak mengembangkan aspek kebajikan seperti pengendalian diri, kemandirian, kepercayaan diri, sportivitas, kesabaran, dan kerja sama. Nilai-nilai karakter dalam permainan tradisional dapat beragam tergantung pada jenis permainan dan budaya tempat permainan tersebut berasal. Permainantradisional dapat membantu mempromosikan moral dan etika yang baik dalam kehidupan sehari-hari.
Identifikasi Nilai-Nilai Karakter yang Terdapat dalam Permainan Tradisional Margala bagi Siswa Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Rizka Khairunnisa 
Published: November 2023

Dari hal terkecil seperti mainan anak hingga hal terbesar seperti perubahan gaya hidup, globalisasi berdampak pada berbagai aspek kehidupan. Permainan modern dapat menggantikan permainan tradisional dalam pola permainan anak, sehingga dapat mempengaruhi pembangunan nasional dan pembentukan karakter generasi muda. Permainan tradisional dulunya sangat populer di kalangan anak-anak dari segala usia. Permainan tradisional dapat membantu anak-anak belajar bagaimana bekerja sama, berinteraksi dengan lingkungan sekitar, mengelola emosi, menjadi lebih berempati, mengikuti aturan, dan menunjukkan rasa hormat terhadap orang lain. Pendekatan pendidikan yang inovatif ini berpotensi meningkatkan antusiasme anak-anak untuk terlibat dalam kegiatan pendidikan.
Metode penelitian: Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian kualitatif dengan metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah dengan studi kepustakaan (library research). Hasil penelitian: Permainan margala ini dimainkan oleh dua tim yang masing-masing terdiri dari tiga pemain atau lebih. Tim yang menang dalam undian akan menjadi tim bermain, sedangkan tim yang kalah akan menjadi tim penjaga. Tugas yang diberikan kepada setiap anggota tim penjaga adalah menghentikan tim yang bermain agar tidak lewat ke dan dari baris terakhir dalam area lapangan yang telah ditentukan. Agar anggota tim yang bermain dapat melarikan diri dengan menempuh jalur bolak-balik, diperlukan keterampilan dan strategi berlari. permainan margala yang didalamnya terdapat nilai karakter seperi nilai kejujuran, demokrasi dan disiplin yang diharapkan dapat bermanfaat bagi siswa dan diterapkan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Kesimpulan: Berdasarkan penelitian dan pembahasan yang telah dipaparkan, dapat disimpulkan bahwa pendidikan karakter pada hakikatnya adalah upaya untuk mengembangkan atau meningkatkan moralitas dan sifat kepribadian pada diri seseorang.
Magnetic Field Sensor Using the Magnetic Fluid-Encapsulated Long-Period Fiber Grating Inscribed in the Thin-Cladding Fiber
Authors: Wang Hua , He Qun , Yuan Shuai , Zeng Wei , Zhou Yang , Tan Ruchao , Fan Xiaolong , Ma Yuehui , Zhu Yu 
Published: November 2023

Optical magnetic field current sensors could overcome the shortcomings of traditional sensors based on electrical principles, such as large volume, insufficient sensitivity, and limitations of working environment, which can be applied to medical, military, and other fields with higher sensing requirements. We demonstrated experimentally the inscription of the long-period fiber gratings (LPFGs) in the thin-cladding fiber (TCF). The magnetic field current sensor is fabricated by encapsulating the TCF–LPFG with magnetic fluid (MF) nanoparticles. The principle of the sensor is based on the refractive index tunability of the MF with the magnetic field (current). The measurement of the external magnetic field (current) can be obtained by detecting the wavelength shift of the coated TCF–LPFG, which changes with the applied magnetic field. In the intensity range of 0 ∼ 11 mT, the experimental sensitivity of magnetic field measurement is up to −0.31 nm/mT. The proposed magnetic field current sensor has potential applications in practical measurement of magnetic field.

Received: 5 September 2023 | Revised: 3 November 2023 | Accepted: 3 November 2023

Conflicts of Interest
The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest to this work.

Data Availability Statement
Data available on request from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

Author Contribution Statement
Hua Wang: Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing, Supervision, Project administration, Funding acquisition. Qun He: Investigation, Resources. Shuai Yuan: Data curation. Wei Zeng: Methodology. Yang Zhou: Software, Resources. Ruchao Tan: Validation, Visualization. Xiaolong Fan: Writing – review & editing. Yuehui Ma: Writing – review & editing. Yu Zhu: Supervision.
Prison Capital: Mass Incarceration and Struggles for Abolition Democracy in Louisiana
Authors: Pelot-Hobbs Lydia 
Published: November 2023

Every year between 1998 to 2020 except one, Louisiana had the highest per capita rate of incarceration in the nation and thus the world. This is the first detailed account of Louisiana's unprecedented turn to mass incarceration from 1970 to 2020. Through extensive research, Lydia Pelot-Hobbs illuminates how policy makers enlarged Louisiana's carceral infrastructures with new prisons and jail expansions alongside the bulking up of police and prosecutorial power. At the same time, these infrastructures were the products of multiscalar crises: the swings of global oil capitalism, liberal federal court and policy interventions, the rise of neoliberal governance and law-and-order austerity, and racist and patriarchal moral panics surrounding "crime." However, these crises have also created fertile space for anticarceral social movements. From incarcerated people filing conditions of confinement lawsuits and Angola activists challenging life without parole to grassroots organizers struggling to shrink the New Orleans jail following Hurricane Katrina and LGBTQ youth of color organizing against police sexual violence, grassroots movements stretch us toward new geographies of freedom in the lineage of abolition democracy. Understanding Louisiana's carceral crisis extends our understanding of the interplay between the crises of mass criminalization and racial capitalism while highlighting the conditions of possibility for dismantling carceral power in all its forms.