bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamics of Electrically Assisted Turbocharger Rotor System Supported on Floating Ring Bearings
Authors: Kong Xiaolong , Guo Hulun , Cheng Zhenyu , Men Rixiu 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
An electrically assisted turbocharger (EAT) is a technology that integrates a high-speed motor into the shaft of a traditional turbocharger. This integration is designed to enhance the transient response performance of the traditional turbocharger, further improving its operational efficiency and exhaust gas utilization. However, the motor integration brings complexity to the turbocharger structure and a new challenge to the stability of the turbocharger rotor-bearing system. In this paper, a five-node, 24 degrees-of-freedom rotor-bearing nonlinear dynamic model for the EAT is established by simplifying the model of the EAT using the lumped parameter method, and by using the Capone's model as well as the theory of the short-bearing approximation to obtain the nonlinear oil film force of the floating ring bearing (FRB). This study delves into the nonlinear dynamics of EATs supported by FRBs, focusing on oil whirl, oil whip, and total instability caused by oil instability. The effects of inner and outer oil film clearances in FRBs, motor rotor mass, motor placement, and oil film viscosity on the synchronous vibration, sub-synchronous vibration, and total instability are analyzed. The research results indicate that when the outer oil film clearance is larger than the inner oil film clearance, the system stability improves as Cout/Cin approaches 1. Increasing the motor rotor mass, placing the motor rotor farther from the bearing, and decreasing the oil film viscosity all lead to a decrease in system stability. The research reveals the complex dynamic behavior of EATs, providing a theoretical foundation for the future design of rotor-bearing systems in EATs.
The Influence of Relative Age and Biological Maturity on Youth Weightlifting Performance
Authors: Morris Stephanie J. , Oliver Jon L. , Radnor John M. , Hill Mark , Haff G. Gregory , Lloyd Rhodri S. 
Published: January 2025

Purpose: Relative age effects and biological maturation are common biases within youth talent identification and development programs; however, their respective influence on youth weightlifting is unknown. Method: Skeletal age, determined from ultrasonography, and competitive total loads (kg) were collected in 49 national age group weightlifters (boys: n = 24, age = 13.8 [2.4] y; girls: n = 25, age = 13.2 [2.4] y). The discrepancy score between skeletal age and chronological age was used to determine maturity timing, and participants’ birth dates were classified into birth quartiles to examine relative age effects. Results: Chi-square analysis (χ2) showed that birth quartile distributions across the age groups were not significantly different from national norms; however, maturity biases were evident, with significantly more “early maturers” and significantly fewer “on time maturers” than expected (P < .05). Regression analyses indicated that a large amount of variance in weightlifting performance (ie, absolute combined total) could be explained by skeletal age in both boys (R2 = .73) and girls (R2 = .75). Conclusion: Biological maturation influences selection into weightlifting talent pathways to a greater extent than relative age. Maturation also has a strong influence on weightlifting performance and should be considered to facilitate both the identification and development of weightlifting talent.
Reactive oxygen species generated by irradiation with bandpass-filtered 222-nm Far-UVC play an important role in the germicidal mechanism to
Escherichia coli
Authors: Narita Kouji , Fukushi Risako , Yamane Kyosuke , Okumura Yoshihiko , Koi Toru , Asano Krisana , Nakane Akio 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Ultraviolet (UV) C light emitted by a krypton chloride (KrCl) lamp consists of mainly less harmful 222-nm Far-UVC (unfiltered 222-mm Far-UVC) compared with conventionally used 254-nm UVC. It also contains wavelengths that are harmful to mammalian cells. By contrast, UVC from a KrCl lamp with optical filter (filtered 222-nm Far-UVC) consists of much less harmful 222-nm Far-UVC and is available for sterilization of dwelling spaces. The germicidal mechanisms of the 254-nm UVC and unfiltered 222-nm Far-UVC have been partially elucidated; however, the mechanism of action of filtered 222-nm Far-UVC remains unknown. It is known that 254 nm UVC induces cyclobutene pyrimidine dimers (CPDs), which are DNA lesions in
Escherichia coli
(
E. coli
); however, the CPDs are repaired by photoreactivation. In the present study, it was demonstrated that filtered 222-nm Far-UVC also generated CPDs, which were not repaired by photoreactivation. Therefore, a germicidal mechanism of filtered 222-nm Far-UVC may be different from a 254-nm UVC. It was reported that unfiltered 222-nm Far-UVC induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) in
E. coli
. In the present study, filtered 222-nm Far-UVC also induced ROS production. In accordance with increased ROS production, the levels of carbonylated proteins were increased, and morphological alteration was observed in
E. coli
. From these results, it was suggested that ROS generated by filtered 222-nm Far-UVC inactivated ROS scavenger enzymes and the enzyme photolyase that is involved in photoreactivation. The increased ROS levels and unrepaired CPDs impaired photoreactivation in
E. coli
and may be involved in the germicidal mechanism of action of the filtered 222-nm Far-UVC.

IMPORTANCE

The 222 nm Far-ultraviolet (UV) C light (UVC) emitted from a krypton chloride lamp with an optical filter is currently available for the sterilization of dwelling spaces. To use the filtered 222-nm Far-UVC more effectively and safely for sterilization, it is necessary to understand its germicidal mechanism. The present study suggests that the germicidal effect of filtered 222-nm Far-UVC on
E. coli
may not only involve CPD but also ROS. These results could be useful in establishing more effective preventive methods in dwelling spaces for infectious diseases by UVC irradiation.
Knowledge, attitude and practice regarding screening and managing diabetic microvascular complications among general practitioners of community health centres: a cross-sectional study in Shanghai, China
Authors: Huang Cuiling , Lan Chengdian , Chen Zhangyan , Yu Ying , Gao Jian , Yang Hua 
Published: January 2025

ObjectiveTo evaluate the knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) regarding screening and managing diabetic microvascular complications, encompassing diabetic retinopathy (DR), diabetic kidney disease (DKD) and diabetic neuropathy (DN), among general practitioners (GPs).DesignCross-sectional study.SettingThe online questionnaire survey was conducted between April and July 2023.ParticipantsGPs from community health centres (CHCs) in all 16 districts of Shanghai were recruited.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe data of sociodemographic characteristics, KAP scales, training experience and screening instruments for community screening and managing diabetic microvascular complications were collected. Multiple stepwise linear regression was used to explore the influencing factors of KAP. Restricted cubic spline curves with four knots (5%, 35%, 65%, 95%) were used to determine the association between KAP score and duration of general practice.ResultsA total of 1243 questionnaires were included in the analysis. The total KAP score was 66.6±8.8/100, and the knowledge, attitude and practice scores were 64.7±8.7, 83.5±10.5 and 51.6+17.8, respectively. Male (β=−2.419, p=0.012), shorter practice duration (β=−1.033, p=0.031), practice in rural area (β=3.230, p=0.001), not attending training in diabetic microvascular complications (β=−6.346, p<0.001), not managing diabetic patients (β=−4.503, p<0.001), less number of diabetes patients under management (β=−0.007, p=0.035), less number of screening instruments based on self-report of GP (β=−1.681, p<0.001), lower knowledge score (β=−0.190, p<0.001) and lower attitude score (β=−0.414, p<0.001) were associated with lower practice score of GPs. The KAP total score increased with the working years of general practice; however, this effect was no longer observed in knowledge score after 15 years, while the attitude and practice scores showed a continuously increasing trend.ConclusionsGPs showed insufficient knowledge and poor clinical practice on screening and managing diabetic microvascular complications. There is an urgent need to improve their capacity to provide better care for those with diabetic microvascular complications through targeted training.
Occupational skin diseases among bricklayers and brick masons in a resource poor setting, Southwest Nigeria: prevalence and correlates – a case–control study
Authors: Israel Michael Gbenga , Israel Oluwaseyi Kikelomo , Akinboro Adeolu Oladayo , Uduagbamen Peter Kehinde , Oiwoh Sebastien S , Olayemi Olanrewaju , Olanrewaju Fatai O , Oripelaye Mufutau M , Aiyedun Stephen Olawale , Oninla Olumayowa , Olasode Olayinka , Onayemi Olaniyi 
Published: January 2025

ObjectivesCement and most other materials used by bricklayers and brick masons for construction purposes could heighten the risk for occupational skin diseases (OSDs) which mostly include occupational contact dermatitis (OCD) and others. The activities of the bricklayers or brick masons are essentially manual as they work as artisans involving mixing sands and gravels with cement and water for building and block moulding, respectively. This can lead to a significant decline in the quality of life and psychosocial function. We determined the prevalence of OSDs and their correlates among bricklayers and brick masons.DesignThis was a comparative case–control study which involved 200 bricklayers/brick masons and 200 healthy non-bricklayers/non-brick masons.SettingsThis study was carried out in two local governments (LGAs) in Ogbomoso community.MethodsRespondents were selected using a multistage random sampling technique. Interviewer–administer semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect data. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, the prevalence of OCD and other OSD were determined, χ2test and logistic regression were obtained. A p<0.05 was considered as statistically significant.ResultsThe mean age of the bricklayers/brick masons was 39.74±17.03 years, while that of the control group was 40.04±17.24 years. The prevalence of OCD was significantly higher in the bricklayers/brick masons (43.0%) than controls (5.5%), p<0.001. Other dermatological conditions were more common among the cases (8.5%) than the controls (5.0%), p=0.04. Bricklayers/brick masons not using personal protective equipment (PPE, hand gloves) were three times more likely to develop OCD compared with those who used them (OR=3.38, 95% CI 0.12 to 0.72, p=0.007). A family history of allergy is also a predictor of OCD (OR=2.69, 95% CI 1.30 to 5.60, p=0.008).ConclusionOSD are common in bricklayers/brick masons, especially among those without the use of PPE. Regular educational programmes emphasizing the need to reduce direct contact with cement including the proper and regular use of PPE among this population group are advised.
Understanding how older people with mild frailty engage with behaviour change to support their independence: a qualitative study
Authors: Barrado-Martín Yolanda , Frost Rachael , Catchpole Jessica , Rookes Tasmin Alanna , Gibson Sarah , Avgerinou Christina , Gardner Benjamin , Gould Rebecca L , Chadwick Paul , Hopkins Jane , Drennan Vari M , Kharicha Kalpa , Marston Louise , Kumar Rashmi , Elaswarapu Rekha , Jowett Claire , Walters Kate R 
Published: January 2025

ObjectivesTo explore barriers and facilitators to behaviour change in older people with mild frailty.DesignQualitative study.SettingCommunity-dwelling older people living with mild frailty.Participants64 older people with mild frailty, workers delivering the service and stakeholders.MethodsSemistructured interviews were conducted between July 2022 and May 2023 with participants in a randomised controlled trial (‘HomeHealth’) of a 6-month, home-based, personalised goal setting intervention, based around the Capability-Opportunity-Motivation-Behaviour model. We purposively sampled older participants receiving the service (n=49), workers delivering it (n=7) and stakeholders supporting its delivery (n=8). Interviews explored participation experiences, including engagement, perceived progress and impact. Transcripts were analysed using thematic analysis.ResultsKey themes included frailty symptoms and adapting/compensating for these, self-efficacy and beliefs about capacity or need for change, familiarity with goal-setting processes and health-related knowledge, accessibility of services and outdoor environments, and enabling social support. Participants were empowered to change behaviours with support, where personalised meaningful goals were set. These were maintained where they led to a tangible outcome and had increased self-efficacy; however, new health challenges and lack of intrinsic motivation could be barriers.ConclusionsRegular and continued empathic person-centred support helps empower mildly frail people who are motivated to change their behaviour. Identifying those willing and able to identify their need for change may be key to maximise service use impact.Trial registration numberISRCTN54268283.
Exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation for patients with atrial fibrillation receiving catheter ablation: protocol for a feasibility randomised controlled trial (RCT) with embedded process evaluation
Authors: Fitzhugh Charlotte , Jones Helen , Foweather Lawrence , Lip Gregory Y H , Gupta Dhiraj , Mills Mark T , Buckley Benjamin JR 
Published: January 2025

IntroductionAtrial fibrillation (AF) affects approximately 2.5% of the UK population, with a risk of 1 in 3–5 individuals after the age of 45 years. The global prevalence has risen sharply in the past two decades, from 33.3 million to 59 million individuals living with AF, and is associated with stroke, heart failure and mortality. Catheter ablation is commonly used for symptomatic patients to restore normal rhythm. A recent Cochrane review of randomised clinical trials (RCTs) has demonstrated that exercise training may induce positive effects on AF burden, AF severity, exercise capacity, and quality of life. The aim was therefore to investigate the feasibility of delivering exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation for patients with AF receiving catheter ablation within usual care in the UK.Methods and analysisA two-armed feasibility RCT with embedded process evaluation will be undertaken as a phased programme of work. Patients on a waiting list for catheter ablation will be offered a referral to cardiac rehabilitation. The intervention consists of supervised exercise sessions run by a clinical exercise physiologist and psychoeducation sessions. The trial (n=60) will involve one National Health Service (NHS) research site enrolling patients to assess intervention and study design processes. Primary outcomes are recruitment rate, adherence to exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation and loss to follow-up. Semistructured interviews and focus groups with patients and clinicians will be used to gather data on the acceptability of the intervention and study procedures. Secondary outcome measures will be taken at baseline (pre-intervention), post-intervention and at 6-month follow-up and will consist of AF burden, AF recurrence, quality of life, exercise capacity measured by peak oxygen consumption and echocardiographic parameters.Ethics and disseminationThe trial was approved in the UK by the Northwest-Preston Research Ethics Committee (24/NW/0061; IRAS project ID: 330155). Results will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at national and international scientific meetings, and summaries will be communicated to participants.Trial registration numberClinicaltrials.gov identifier:NCT06401148.
Exploring community stakeholder perspectives of partnership development in community-engaged undergraduate Global Health Education in the UK: a qualitative study
Authors: Pettitt Christine , Chapko Dorota , Budhathoki Shyam Sundar , Murray Keitumetse-Kabelo , Ward Helen 
Published: January 2025

ObjectivesTraditionally, patients have had passive roles in medical education; however, there have been increasing efforts to partner with communities to create authentic representation of laypeople in medical education. Communities’ perspectives of these initiatives have rarely been reported in the literature. This study explores the perspectives of members of community-based organisations (CBOs) who were partnered with a community engagement programme for intercalating medical students at Imperial College London.DesignA qualitative study using semistructured interviews was conducted, employing reflexive thematic analysis.SettingLondon, UK.ParticipantsA total of five participants (one member from five CBOs who agreed to participate) were interviewed for this study. The selection criterion was direct involvement in the community engagement programme.ResultsThree key themes were identified aligning with the core principles of co-production: building partnership, reciprocity in partnership and maintenance of relationship. Partnership development was influenced by the CBOs’ perception of students which caused power differentials in the development of learning plans. Reciprocity refers to a multidirectional benefit pathway resulting from the community involvement programme, which had short-term and anticipated long-term effects. Relationships built were maintained via a service evaluation report, and participants discussed how attitudes of academic institutions towards collaboration influence communities’ ability to participate in medical education.ConclusionsThe perspectives of CBOs reported in this study demonstrate that factors important to partnership development in community-engaged medical education are consistent with the key principles of co-production. Supported by literature, the findings emphasise that community involvement can be linked to social accountability and sustainable health practice. Provided that the possible risks/challenges are appropriately identified and mitigated to facilitate co-productive partnerships between stakeholders, the involvement of CBOs in medical education has the potential to provide benefits for communities, students and educational institutions.
Thermodynamics of a Schwarzschild black hole surrounded by quintessence in the generalized uncertainty principle framework
Authors: Sen Soham , Dutta Abhijit , Gangopadhyay Sunandan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We investigate the thermodynamics of a Schwarzschild black hole, surrounded by the quintessence energy-matter in the linear and quadratic generalized uncertainty principle framework. Considering the variance in the position to be of the order of the event horizon radius and equating the variance in the momentum to the Hawking temperature of the black hole, we substitute these variances in the deformed algebra. From there we obtained the generalized uncertainty principle-modified black hole temperature and eventually the specific heat of the black hole. Then we calculate the critical as well as the remnant mass and obtain the entropy relation. We observe that the entropy relation includes the usual leading order “area divided by four” term, sub-leading logarithmic term, and higher order inverse of the area corrections. Finally, calculating the energy output as a function of time, we obtain the evaporation time of the black hole. The results show the dependence of the quintessence parameter on the thermodynamic quantities in the framework of linear and quadratic generalized uncertainty principle.
Identification of Subthreshold Depression Based on fNIRS–VFT Functional Connectivity: A Machine Learning Approach
Authors: Li Lin , Liu Jingxuan , Zheng Yifan , Shi Chengchao , Bai Wenting 
Published: January 2025

Background: Subthreshold depression (SD) is regarded as a prodromal stage and a substantial risk factor for major depressive disorder (MDD). The timely identification of SD is of critical clinical significance. This study aimed to develop a machine learning (ML) classification model for the identification of individuals with SD using functional near‐infrared spectroscopic imaging (fNIRS) and the verbal fluency task (VFT).Methods: This study recruited a total of 70 participants with SD and matched 73 healthy controls (HCs) to differentiate between the two groups based on functional connectivity (FC) features during fNIRS–VFT, using an interpretable random forest (RF) classification model.Results: The RF model demonstrated an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.77, an accuracy (ACC) of 75.86%, a sensitivity of 75.00%, a specificity of 76.00% and an F1 score of 0.75 for identifying participants with SD. The highest‐ranked FC features, in terms of importance, were identified between Channel (CH) 26 (the right frontal eye fields (FEFs)) and CH 30 (the right FEF), CH 3 (the left premotor and supplementary motor cortex (PMC‐and‐SMA)) and CH 42 (the right PMC‐and‐SMA), as well as CH 26 (the right FEF) and CH 32 (the right primary somatosensory cortex (PSC)).Conclusion: The RF model has the capacity to effectively classify individuals with SD efficacy based on the abnormal FC features of fNIRS–VFT, particularly in the right FEF, bilateral PSC and right PMC‐and‐SMA. The findings of this study have provided a foundation for large‐scale screening of SD populations, offering promising opportunities for the early diagnosis and prevention of MDD.
Round-Robin Comparison of RET Rearrangement Detection in ctDNA: A Novel Method for Limited Clinical Samples
Authors: Paweletz Cloud P. , Urvalek Alison , Ha Minh , Garg Kavita , Bence Lin Aimee , Szpurka Anna M. , Sireci Anthony , Oxnard Geoffrey R. , Janne Pasi A. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Purpose:
Next-generation sequencing assays for ctDNA analysis are routinely used in the care of patients with advanced non–small cell lung cancer. However, variable assay sensitivities in detection of fusions have been reported. Here, we report on the performance of detecting RET rearrangements in plasma across three commercial next-generation sequencing laboratories.

Experimental Design:
Banked plasma from the phase 3 LIBRETTO-431 trial was studied. For each patient (n = 60) with a known RET fusion by local tumor tissue genotyping, pretreatment plasma was divided into two 3-mL aliquots and tested on two of three: Guardant Health’s Guardant360, Foundation Medicine’s FoundationOneLiquid CDx, and Resolution Bioscience’s ctDx-First. A round-robin comparison was performed across vendors using three pairwise comparisons of 20 patients each. On an exploratory basis, agreement of fusion breakpoint calling between plasma and tissue and determinants of false negatives in plasma were assessed.

Results:
Of 40 samples received by each laboratory, 100% (40/40), 92.5% (37/40), and 90% (36/40) were successfully sequenced by Guardant360, FoundationOne Liquid CDx, and ctDx-First, with a RET fusion or rearrangement detected in 60% (24/40), 67.6% (25/37), and 63.9% (23/36) of cases, respectively. Discordant results included rare and common RET translocations but were usually below allelic frequency of 0.5%. Of samples with a RET fusion detected in plasma and a reported fusion partner by tumor assay, the same fusion partner was identified in tissue and liquid 81% to 89% of the time.

Conclusions:
Our results support the utility of ctDNA assays concurrently with tissue testing for detection of translocations, with opportunities to further optimize performance.