bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The aortic root in young adults
Authors: Chatrath N , Bhatia R , Fyyaz S , Forster J , Marwaha S , Scrocco C , Jayaratne N , Ensam B , Androulakis E , Al-Turaihi S , Sharma S , Tome Esteban M , Papadakis M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background
Aortic size varies between individuals and is influenced by age, gender, body size and blood pressure. There are numerous studies aimed at defining normative aortic root measurements, but the vast majority of these are in older adults, or limited by a small sample size.

Purpose
To screen a large number of young individuals (≤35 years) to understand the rate of aortic growth, validate current guideline cut-offs for aortic root measurements in this age group and compare findings in males versus females.

Methods
Individuals ≥ 16 years old who attended a voluntary, nationwide cardiac screening programme for young individuals (aged 14-35) were offered and consented for an additional focused transthoracic echocardiogram of the aorta. Individuals with a known cardiac abnormality or genetic syndrome (for example Marfan’s) were excluded. Images were obtained in the parasternal long axis view with measurements of the sinus of Valsalva (SOV), sinotubular junction (STJ) and ascending aorta (AA) at end-diastole from inner-edge to inner-edge in line with British Society of Echocardiography (BSE) guidance[1]. Measurements were indexed to height (in metres). Mean SOV, STJ and AA measurements were plotted against age and comparisons were made between males and females.

Results
1153 patients were recruited. 11 were excluded to a bicuspid aortic valve (BAV), leaving 1142 subjects in the final analysis. 88% (1004) were Caucasian. The aortic measurements are shown in table 1. Males had a significantly larger SOV, STJ and AA than females (p&lt;0.001). However, when indexed to height, only the SOV was significantly larger. All mean aortic root measurements fell within the normative range for each gender as specified by current BSE guidance[1].
Mean aortic root measurements at each year of age are shown in figure 1. There was a weakly positive correlation coefficient between age and aortic diameter (r=0.33 at SOV, r=0.31 at STJ, r=0.39 at AA) which, coupled with the lines of best-fit in figure 1, suggest there is slow but continual aortic growth from the age of 16.

Conclusion
Despite adult height being reached by the age of 16 in most individuals, the aorta continues to grow beyond this age. This study further highlights the importance of indexing aortic measurements to height, and validates that the current BSE guideline cut-offs for aortic root measurements can be applied to young individuals.
The impact of endovascular aneurysm repair for ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms: a single center experience
Authors: Kobayashi Y , Kawakami A , Osawa I 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background
Treatment of ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms (rAAAs) is still burdened by high morbidity and mortality, despite improvements in 30-day mortality, recently reported at around 30-35%. Although endovascular aortic repair (EVAR) offers encouraging results in elective setting, the evidence supporting its use as the primary treatment for patients with rAAAs remains controversial. Endovascular approach for rAAA has been increasing worldwide. According to some recent studies, rEVAR is associated with diminished 30-day mortality, but its superiority in long-term results in terms of mortality and morbidity is still to be defined.

Purpose
We review our single center experience of EVAR for all patients who had rAAA over 8 years.

Methods
A retrospective review of data extracted from medical records identified 82 consecutive patients with rAAA who were underwent endovascular repairs from January 2014 to December 2021. We used EVAR first protocol for all patients. Under local anesthesia, percutaneous puncture of both common femoral arteries and left brachial artery is performed. Endovascular balloon control (EBC) is placed at T12 or L1 through the left brachial artery. Induction of general anesthesia can then be obtained. Then it can be done EVAR in the usual fashion. The primary end point was to assess the rAAA-related mortality in the immediate postoperative period, within 1, 3 and 5 years after EVAR; secondary endpoints included the following: length of stay, rAAA-related postoperative complications such as acute limb ischemia, myocardial infarction, renal and respiratory failure, abdominal compartment syndrome and rAAA-related re-interventions.

Results
EVAR was performed in all patients. There were no patients who converted to open surgical repair. The average age of the patients was 77 years, and 76% were male. 64% were sent from other hospitals, and 60% presented with severe hypotension. Anatomically, 52 cases, or 63%, were considered ineligible for EVAR. EBC were used in 72%. In early results, 12% of patients required dialysis due to acute kidney injury, and 9% required prolonged intubation with tracheotomy. Abdominal compartment syndrome occurred in 8%. Perioperative deaths occurred in 10 patients (12.1%), all within 48 hours after surgery. In late outcomes, mean follow-up was 1100. No new complications were seen after the 30-day period. Endovascular reinterventions took place in 11%. The average time to re-intervention was 372 days, with the majority of cases taking less than a year. The overall survival rates at 1, 3, and 5 years were 71.9%, 66.3%, and 66.3%, respectively.

Conclusions
EVAR for rAAA is associated with lower perioperative and long-term mortality with our protocol. This single-center experience suggests genuine concerns and impediments to the adoption of an ‘‘EVAR-first’’ policy for all rAAAs.
Cardiological hypertensive emergencies: real word data compared to guidelines indications
Authors: Maloberti A , Andrian E , Leidi F , Monticelli M , Galasso M , Colombo V , Giannattasio C 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background
The 2018 ESH guidelines have revised the therapeutic goals of cardiological Hypertensive Emergencies (HE) with an indication for a more intensive (target &lt; 140/90 mmHg) and rapid (immediate) Blood Pressure (BP) reduction. Cardiac acute organ damage during HE includes acute myocardial infarction, pulmonary edema, unstable angina pectoris and aortic dissection. However, how much these indications have been applied in clinical practice to date it’s unknown.

Aims
The first purpose of our study is to analyze the prevalence and clinical characteristics of cardiological HE in our institution. The second purpose is to compare the year before the release of the 2018 guidelines (2017) with the subsequent years (2019) trying to verify adherence to guidelines.

Methods
This is a single-center retrospective study conducted at a hospital. All patients aged ≥ 18 years with Systolic BP≥ 180 mmHg and/or a Diastolic BP ≥ 120 mmHg with Cardiological Emergency were enrolled. From the Emergency Department (ED) data clinical, anamnestic, blood pressure, symptoms, drug treatment and target achievement were registered.

Results
Patients with BP &gt; 180/120 mmHg in 2017 were 706 out of a total of 73795 accesses (0.96%) and 601 over 67273 (0.89%) in 2019. 246 (34.84%) in 2017 were HE of which 144 (58.53%) were cardiological: aortic dissection 1 (0.69%), acute coronary syndrome 52 (36.11%), acute pulmonary edema 35 (24.30%), cardiac decompensation 91 (63.19%). During 2019 similar figures were founded with 286 (47.58%) HE of which 286 (47.58%) were cardiological: aortic dissection 2 (1.43%), acute coronary syndrome 43 (30.93%), acute pulmonary edema 20 (14.39%), cardiac decompensation 76 (54.68%). The reduction in BP obtained in ED was significantly greater in 2017 than in 2019 (44.7±31.4 vs 35.4±24.5 mmHg, p = 0.011) with a lower target reaching in 2019 (28.9 vs 51.4%, p&lt;0.001). Pulmonary edema is the cardiological HE on which a greater pressure reduction is obtained and therefore in which the target set by the guidelines is more frequently reached.

Conclusions
The recommendation for a more intense and rapid BP reduction in cardiological HE seems to be not accepted from ED clinicians that persist to reduce BP accordingly to previous guidelines.
Bayesian inversion for modelling 3-D density structures in the eastern margin of Bayan Har block and its tectonic implications
Authors: Li Honglei , Chen Shi , Zhang Bei , Li Yongbo , Zhuang Jiancang 
Published: November 2023

SUMMARY
Recently, the eastern margin of the Tibetan plateau has experienced three moderate earthquakes. Deep crustal structure is a critical factor for understanding the seismotectonic environment and deformations in this region. Although several multidisciplinary geophysical approaches have been used to develop crustal structure models for this area, substantial inconsistencies still persist in the results due to the intricate structural properties of crust. In this study, we introduce a novel approach to construct a 3-D crustal model with assimilated density structure (MADS) at a resolution of 0.2° × 0.2° × 5 km. This model is built by integrating data from various source, including multisource gravity anomalies and diverse available crustal structure reference models. We use a model-assimilated gravity inversion process with Bayesian parameter optimization. First, we combine the terrestrial gravity profiles data set with published global gravity field models to create a data set rich in reliable high-frequency anomaly information. Secondly, we incorporate three reference models derived from different seismological methods as prior constraints for our model. These models encompass seismic tomography, surface wave dispersion and receiver function data. We optimize the hyper-parameters of these constraints using the Bayesian criterion. The results demonstrate that the MADS not only captures significant changes in the crustal density but also discerns subtle variations in the upper and middle crust, thereby providing detailed insights into the morphologies of major faults. For instance, the central section of the Longmenshan fault is revealed as a high-angle deep thrust feature, while the frontal section of the Longmenshan fault appears as a low-angle mid-deep thrust feature, and the Xianshuihe fault exhibits a vertical deep subduction feature. Additionally, our findings indicate a correlation between the locations of moderate-to-large earthquakes in this region and the high density-gradient zones or asperities with high density within MADS. We believe that the insights into density characteristics offered by the new MADS model can shed light on the study of asperities associated with recent moderate earthquakes and enhance our understanding of deformation in this region.
The Galactic distribution of pulsar scattering and the τ–DM relation
Authors: He Qiuyi , Shi Xun 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT
Interstellar radio wave scattering leads to flux density fluctuations and pulse broadening of pulsar signals. However, Galactic distribution and the structure of the scattering medium are still poorly understood. Pulsar pulse broadening data available for a relatively large number of pulsars is well suited for such investigations. We collected an up-to-date sample of publicly available pulsar scattering data and introduced a new quantity – the reduced scattering strength $\tilde{\tau }$ to study the Galactic distribution of pulsar scattering in the Milky Way. We show that the current observations are dominated by two distinct pulsar populations: a local and an inner-Galactic one separated by $\tilde{\tau }=10^{-5.1}$ s cm6 pc−1. The stronger electron density fluctuations associated with the inner-Galactic population naturally explain the observed steepening of pulsar scattering time τ–dispersion measure relation. We measure an inner disc region with $3\, {\rm kpc}\ \lt\ \rm r\ \lt\ 5.5\, {\rm kpc}$ from the Galactic centre to have a scattering scale height of about 0.28 kpc, supporting a correlation between interstellar radio scattering and structures associating with the ionized gas and stellar activities.
The ALMA REBELS survey: obscured star formation in massive Lyman-break galaxies at z
= 4–8 revealed by the IRX–β and M⋆ relations
Authors: Bowler R A A , Inami H , Sommovigo L , Smit R , Algera H S B , Aravena M , Barrufet L , Bouwens R , da Cunha E , Cullen F , Dayal P , De Looze I , Dunlop J S , Fudamoto Y , Mauerhofer V , McLure R J , Stefanon M , Schneider R , Ferrara A , Graziani L , Hodge J A , Nanayakkara T , Palla M , Schouws S , Stark D P , van der Werf P P 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT
We investigate the degree of dust obscured star formation in 49 massive (log10(M⋆/M⊙) &gt; 9) Lyman-break galaxies (LBGs) at z = 6.5–8 observed as part of the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) Reionization Era Bright Emission Line Survey (REBELS) large program. By creating deep stacks of the photometric data and the REBELS ALMA measurements we determine the average rest-frame ultraviolet (UV), optical, and far-infrared (FIR) properties which reveal a significant fraction (fobs = 0.4–0.7) of obscured star formation, consistent with previous studies. From measurements of the rest-frame UV slope, we find that the brightest LBGs at these redshifts show bluer (β ≃ −2.2) colours than expected from an extrapolation of the colour–magnitude relation found at fainter magnitudes. Assuming a modified blackbody spectral energy distribution (SED) in the FIR (with dust temperature of $T_{\rm d} = 46\, {\rm K}$ and βd = 2.0), we find that the REBELS sources are in agreement with the local ‘Calzetti-like’ starburst Infrared-excess (IRX)–β relation. By re-analysing the data available for 108 galaxies at z ≃ 4–6 from the ALMA Large Program to Investigate C+ at Early Times (ALPINE) using a consistent methodology and assumed FIR SED, we show that from z ≃ 4–8, massive galaxies selected in the rest-frame UV have no appreciable evolution in their derived IRX–β relation. When comparing the IRX–M⋆ relation derived from the combined ALPINE and REBELS sample to relations established at z &lt; 4, we find a deficit in the IRX, indicating that at z &gt; 4 the proportion of obscured star formation is lower by a factor of ≳ 3 at a given a M⋆. Our IRX–β results are in good agreement with the high-redshift predictions of simulations and semi-analytic models for z ≃ 7 galaxies with similar stellar masses and star formation rates.
Role of adipose-derived stem cells in healing surgically induced trauma of the rat’s tunica albuginea
Authors: Sharqawi Abdallah , Mansour Mona F , Elatrash Gamal A , Ismail Ezzat A , Ralph David , El-Sakka Ahmed I 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background
Injection of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) into the injured tunica albuginea (TA) may prevent fibrosis, restore the balance between pro- and antifibrotic pathways, and potentially mitigate erectile dysfunction caused by abnormal TA healing.

Aim
To assess the potential role of ADSC injection on structural, ultrastructural, functional, and molecular changes in surgically induced trauma of the rat’s TA.

Methods
Forty adult male albino Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups of 8 rats each: group 1, sham; group 2, injury to TA without treatment; group 3, injury to TA and suture repair; group 4, injury to TA and injection of ADSCs without suture repair; group 5, injury to TA followed by injection of ADSCs and suture repair.

Outcomes
After 6 weeks, all groups were subjected to functional, histologic, and ultrastructural examination and molecular expression of healing growth factors.

Results
The intracavernous pressure (ICP; mean ± SD) was 114 ± 2, 32 ± 2, 65 ± 2, 68 ± 2, and 111 ± 2 mm Hg in groups 1 to 5, respectively. There were significant differences in ICP between each of groups 3 to 5 and group 2 (P &lt; .05), and groups 3 and 4 each had significant differences with group 1 (P &lt; .05). No significant difference in ICP occurred between groups 3 and 4 (P &gt; .05). There were significant histologic and ultrastructural alterations in tunical tissues from group 2; however, these changes were markedly less in group 5 in terms of lower levels of fibrotic changes, elastosis, and superior overall neuroendothelial expression. Groups 3 and 4 showed improved structural and ultrastructural parameters when compared with group 2. Group 5 demonstrated lower levels of transforming growth factor β1 and basic fibroblast growth factor expression.

Clinical Implications
This experimental model may encourage administration of ADSCs to prevent the deleterious effects of trauma to the TA.

Strengths and Limitations
Injecting ADSCs can improve the healing process and erectile dysfunction in a rat model following TA injury, and combining ADSC injection with surgical suturing resulted in superior outcomes. The main limitation was the absence of long-term ICP measurements and a longer follow-up period that may provide further insight into the chronic phase of the healing process.

Conclusion
ADSC injection may prevent structural, ultrastructural, functional, and molecular alterations in surgically induced trauma of the rat’s TA and enhance the effect of tunical suturing after trauma.
Mini Crestal Sinus Lift With Bone Grafting and Simultaneous Insertion of Implants in Severe Maxillary Conditions as an Alternative to Lateral Sinus Lift: Multicase Study Report of Different Techniques
Authors: Rosa Alessio , Ranieri Nicola , Miranda Michele , Mehta Vini , Fiorillo Luca , Cervino Gabriele 
Published: November 2023

The present study evaluates the efficacy and clinical outcomes of crestal sinus lift techniques used to elevate the sinus floor simultaneously with bone grafting and implant placement as a possible and reproducible alternative to lateral sinus lift. Patients underwent different crestal sinus elevation techniques. The heterologous biomaterial was used as graft material, and multiple implants were placed simultaneously after sinus augmentation. Radiographic and clinical examinations were performed during follow-up. All procedures were successfully performed without any apparent perforation of the Schneider membrane. The sinus floor was augmented with an average height of 5 mm (range: 2.8–7.4 mm). The implants healed smoothly with healing screws. Peri-implant marginal bone was stable with a mean follow-up of 50 months (range: 33–71 mo). No complications were observed during the follow-up. Based on the limited data collected in this study, the new crestal sinus elevation approach can effectively raise the sinus floor and reduce the incidence of postoperative complications. Other cases with long-term follow-up are needed to confirm and improve this crestal sinus lift technique.
MAGNESIUM SULFATE AMELIORATES HISTONE-INDUCED COAGULATION DYSFUNCTION AND LUNG DAMAGE IN MICE
Authors: Zhong Tao , Zhang Jiaqi , Chen Shanjia , Chen Sainan , Deng Ke , Guan Jianbin , Yang Jingjing , Lv Ronggui , Liu Zhifeng , Liu Yong , Chang Ping , Liu Zhanguo 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Extracellular histones have been determined as significant mediators of sepsis, which can induce endothelial cell injury and promote coagulation activation, and ultimately contribute to multiorgan failure. Evidence suggests that magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) exerts a potential coagulation-modulating activity; however, whether MgSO4 ameliorates histone-induced coagulation dysfunction and organ damage remains unclear. Methods: To measure circulating histone levels, blood specimens were collected from septic patients and mice, and the relationship between circulating histone levels, coagulation parameters, and Mg2+ levels in sepsis was investigated. Furthermore, to explore the possible protective effects of MgSO4, we established a histone-induced coagulation model in mice by intravenous histone injection. The survival rate of mice was assessed, and the histopathological damage of the lungs (including endothelial cell injury and coagulation status) was evaluated using various methods, including hematoxylin and eosin staining, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, electron microscopy, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Results: The circulating histone levels in septic patients and mice were significantly associated with several coagulation parameters. In septic patients, histone levels correlated negatively with platelet counts and positively with prothrombin time and D-dimer levels. Similarly, in cecal ligation and puncture mice, histones correlated negatively with platelet counts and positively with D-dimer levels. Interestingly, we also observed a positive link between histones and Mg2+ levels, suggesting that Mg2+ with anticoagulant activity is involved in histone-mediated coagulation alterations in sepsis. Further animal experiments confirmed that MgSO4 administration significantly improved survival and attenuated histone-mediated endothelial cell injury, coagulation dysfunction, and lung damage in mice. Conclusion: These results suggest that therapeutic targeting of histone-mediated endothelial cell injury, coagulation dysfunction, and lung damage, for example, with MgSO4, may be protective in septic individuals with elevated circulating histone levels.
Collagen receptor GPVI-mediated platelet activation and pro-coagulant activity aggravates inflammation and aortic wall remodelling in abdominal aortic aneurysm
Authors: Feige T , Bosbach A , Krott KJ , Mulorz J , Chatterjee M , Ortscheid J , Krüger E , Krüger I , Ibing W , Grandoch M , Wagenhäuser MU , Schelzig H , Elvers M 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPlatelets play an important role in cardio- and cerebrovascular diseases. Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a highly lethal, atherosclerotic-related disease with characteristic features of progressive dilatation of the abdominal aorta and degradation of the vessel wall accompanied by chronic inflammation. Platelet activation and pro-coagulant activity play a decisive role in the AAA pathology as they might trigger AAA development in both mice and men. The present study investigated the impact of the major platelet collagen receptor glycoprotein (GP)VI in cellular processes underlying AAA initiation and progression. Genetic deletion of GPVI offered protection of mice against aortic diameter expansion in experimental AAA. Mechanistically, GPVI deficiency resulted in decreased inflammation with reduced infiltration of neutrophils and platelets into the aortic wall. Further, remodelling of the aortic wall was improved in absence of GPVI, indicated by reduced MMP2/9 and OPN plasma levels and an enhanced α-SMA content within the aortic wall, accompanied by reduced cell apoptosis. As a result, an elevation in intima/media thickness and elastin content were observed in GPVI-deficient PPE mice, coursing a significantly reduced aortic diameter expansion and reduced aneurysm incidence. In AAA patients, enhanced plasma levels of soluble GPVI and fibrin, besides fibrin accumulation within the intraluminal thrombus (ILT) suggested that GPVI might serve as a biomarker and mediator in fibrin-supported stabilization of the ILT. In conclusion, our results emphasize the potential need for a GPVI-targeted anti-platelet therapy to reduce AAA initiation and progression, as well as to protect AAA patients from aortic rupture.Translational perspectiveAbdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is an atherosclerotic-related, cardiovascular disease (CVD) with high mortality. The impact of platelets in different cellular processes underlying AAA initiation and progression remains unclear.Therefore, we analysed the role of the major platelet collagen receptor GPVI in the pathogenesis of AAA. Results from platelet depleted mice and patients with AAA revealed a significant contribution of GPVI to the inflammatory response and remodelling process of the aorta. Further, elevated accumulation of fibrin, a recently identified ligand of GPVI in the intraluminal thrombus (ILT) and in the plasma of AAA patients, suggests that GPVI binding to fibrin plays a role in ILT formation and probably stabilization of the abdominal aorta. Furthermore, increased levels of sGPVI suggest that GPVI might serve as a clinical biomarker for AAA. Thus, therapeutic targeting of GPVI-mediated platelet activation might be an effective anti-thrombotic strategy for AAA patients.