bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Co‐design of the EMBED‐Care Framework as an intervention to enhance shared decision‐making for people affected by dementia and practitioners, comprising holistic assessment, linked with clinical decision support tools: A qualitative study
Authors: Aworinde Jesutofunmi , Evans Catherine J. , Gillam Juliet , Ramsenthaler Christina , Davies Nathan , Ellis‐Smith Clare ,   EMBED‐Care Programme
Published: February 2024

AbstractIntroductionShared decision‐making intends to align care provision with individuals’ preferences. However, the involvement of people living with dementia in decision‐making about their care varies. We aimed to co‐design the EMBED‐Care Framework, to enhance shared decision‐making between people affected by dementia and practitioners.MethodsA theory and evidence driven co‐design study was conducted, using iterative workshops, informed by a theoretical model of shared decision‐making and the EMBED‐Care Framework (the intervention) for person‐centred holistic palliative dementia care. The intervention incorporates a holistic outcome measure for assessment and review, linked with clinical decision‐support tools to support shared decision‐making. We drew on the Medical Research Council (MRC) guidance for developing and evaluating complex interventions. Participants included people with dementia of any type, current or bereaved family carers and practitioners. We recruited via established dementia groups and research and clinical networks. Data were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis to explore how and when the intervention could enhance communication and shared decision‐making, and the requirements for use, presented as a logic model.ResultsFive co‐design workshops were undertaken with participants comprising people affected by dementia (n = 18) and practitioners (n = 36). Three themes were generated, comprising: (1) ‘knowing the person and personalisation of care’, involving the person with dementia and/or family carer identifying the needs of the person using a holistic assessment. (2) ‘engaging and considering the perspectives of all involved in decision‐making’ required listening to the person and the family to understand their priorities, and to manage multiple preferences. (3) ‘Training and support activities’ to use the Framework through use of animated videos to convey information, such as to understand the outcome measure used to assess symptoms.ConclusionsThe intervention developed sought to enhance shared decision‐making with individuals affected by dementia and practitioners, through increased shared knowledge of individual priorities and choices for care and treatment. The workshops generated understanding to manage disagreements in determining priorities. Practitioners require face‐to‐face training on the intervention, and on communication to manage sensitive conversations about symptoms, care and treatment with individuals and their family. The findings informed the construction of a logic model to illustrate how the intervention is intended to work.
Topical statins as antifungals: a review
Authors: Khoury Dana M. , Ghaoui Nohra , El Tayar Elias , Dagher Ruby , El Hawa Mariana , Rubeiz Nelly , Abbas Ossama , Kurban Mazen 
Published: February 2024

AbstractCutaneous fungal infections affect millions around the world. However, severe, multi‐resistant fungal infections are increasingly being reported over the past years. As a result of the high rate of resistance which urged for drug repurposing, statins were studied and found to have multiple pleiotropic effects, especially when combined with other already‐existing drugs. An example of this is the synergism found between several typical antifungals and statins, such as antifungals Imidazole and Triazole with a wide range of statins shown in this review. The main mechanisms in which they exert an antifungal effect are ergosterol inhibition, protein prenylation, mitochondrial disruption, and morphogenesis/mating inhibition. This article discusses multiple in vitro studies that have proven the antifungal effect of systemic statins against many fungal species, whether used alone or in combination with other typical antifungals. However, as a result of the high rate of drug–drug interactions and the well‐known side effects of systemic statins, topical statins have become of increasing interest. Furthermore, patients with dyslipidemia treated with systemic statins who have a new topical fungal infection could benefit from the antifungal effect of their statin. However, it is still not indicated to initiate systemic statins in patients with topical mycotic infections if they do not have another indication for statin use, which raises the interest in using topical statins for fungal infections. This article also tackles the different formulations that have been studied to enhance topical statins' efficacy, as well as the effect of different topical statins on distinct dermatologic fungal diseases.
Performance enhancement in two‐stage innovation contests: Feedback and elimination schemes
Authors: Li Yifu , Luo Peng , Zhang Wei , Fan Xiaowei , Jie Shuijing 
Published: February 2024

AbstractInnovation is one of the driving forces of economic development and social progress, and the crowdsourcing contest is a well‐established mechanism for encouraging innovation. This paper examines two incentive schemes in two‐stage innovation contests: feedback and elimination. Feedback enhances the efforts by revealing the competitive status, and elimination intensifies the competition by removing less‐qualified participants. We build a game theoretical model to investigate how the organizer should design the feedback and elimination schemes and then analyze the equilibrium efforts and optimal contest design in four‐solver contests. The results suggest that the optimal design depends on the combined effects of the reward, effort sensitivity, and cost coefficiency. Elimination and nonelimination contests can be optimal under different conditions. Furthermore, we extend the equilibrium analysis to competitions with contestants and investigate the optimal design with numerical studies. The most interesting result is that the elimination contest with feedback from the organizer is an ideal option for a budget‐constrained enterprise that seeks an innovative solution from the public for a complex innovation project. Also, the optimal number of contestants in the second stage is not always two when feedback is combined with elimination.
Risk and protective factors associated with wound infection after neurosurgical procedures: A meta‐analysis
Authors: He Kang , Li Yan‐Yang , Liu Hong‐Lin 
Published: February 2024

AbstractTo systematically evaluate the risk factors for wound infection at the surgical site after neurosurgical craniotomy by meta‐analysis, and to provide an evidence‐based basis for preventing the occurrence of wound infection. A computerised search of PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure and Wanfang database was conducted for relevant studies on risk factors for surgical site wound infection after neurosurgical craniotomy published from the database inception to November 2023. Two researchers independently screened the literature, extracted the data and performed quality assessment in strict accordance with the inclusion and exclusion criteria. STATA 17.0 software was applied for data analysis. Overall, 18 papers with 17 608 craniotomy patients were included, of which 905 patients developed wound infections. The analysis showed that underlying diseases [OR = 2.50, 95% CI (1.68, 3.72), p < 0.001] and emergency surgery [OR = 2.47, 95% CI (1.80, 3.38), p < 0.001] were the risk factors for developing wound infections after craniotomy, age < 60 years [OR = 0.72, 95% CI (0.52, 0.98), p = 0.039] was a protective factor for wound infections; whereas sex [OR = 1.11, 95% CI (0.98, 1.27), p = 0.112] and the antimicrobial use [OR = 1.30, 95% CI (0.81 2.09), p = 0.276] were not associated with the presence or absence of wound infection after craniotomy. Underlying disease and emergency surgery are risk factors for developing wound infections after craniotomy, whereas age < 60 years is a protective factor. Clinicians can reduce the occurrence of postoperative wound infections by communicating with patients in advance about the possibility of postoperative wound infections based on these factors, and by doing a good job of preventing postoperative wound infections.
Insights on spirituality and bereavement: A systematic review of qualitative studies
Authors: Martins Helga , Romeiro Joana , Casaleiro Tiago , Vieira Margarida , Caldeira Sílvia 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAimTo describe a synthesis of the experience related to the spirituality of those living a bereavement journey in primary qualitative studies.DesignA systematic review of qualitative studies.Data SourceA systematic review was carried out in March 2019 and was updated in January 2023. Searching was accomplished by an online database, such as CINAHL, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, MedicLatina, LILACS, SciELO and Academic Search Complete. The search strategy did not consider a timeline as an eligibility criterion. The quality of the studies was assessed, and a thematic synthesis was performed in this review.MethodsA systematic review of qualitative studies was conducted according to Saini and Shlonsky's methodology.Reporting MethodPRISMA checklist.ResultsThe review included 33 articles. Most of the studies were phenomenological and focused on parents' and family experiences of bereavement. Seven significant categories emerged, which match unmet spiritual needs during the grieving process. Two major categories were identified regarding the role of spirituality in bereavement: Spirituality as a process and spirituality as an outcome.ConclusionIn clinical practice, attention to spirituality and providing spiritual care is critical to guarantee a holistic approach for those experiencing bereavement.ImplicationsThe findings of our study could foster awareness that healthcare professionals should include the spiritual dimension in their clinical practice to provide holistic care to individuals, enhancing the healing process in bereavement.No Patient or Public ContributionThis is a systematic review.
Nutrient enrichment and probiotics for sea urchin Anthocidaris crassipina larvae in captivity to promote large‐scale aquaculture
Authors: Chu Tah‐Wei , Chu Yiru , Sun Wei‐Ting , Pan Chieh‐Yu , Pan Chih‐Hung , Ding De‐Sing 
Published: February 2024

AbstractSea urchin contains physiologically active substances, such as amino acids and unsaturated fatty acids, and an important aquatic organism. Purple sea urchin, one of the common edible sea urchins, is an important aquatic product. In order to supply the vast seafood market, large‐scale aquaculture of sea urchins is very important. The aim of this study was to optimize the rearing of the Anthocidaris crassipina larvae enhancing the nutrition by mixing feed to improve their growth and survival. The survival rate of Chaetoceros muelleri feeding alone is only 40%. If the survival rate is improved through nutrient enrichment, the large‐scale aquaculture of larvae can be promoted. The experiment was divided into two parts. Experiment 1: Two types of commonly used microalgae, Isochrysis galbana tml (I), C. muelleri (C) and two types of probiotics, Rhodopseudomonas palustris (R), and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (S) were used in the. Feeding amounts are 5000, 10,000, and 20,000 cell mL−1, and the control group (N) did not eat. Experiment 2: C. muelleri 20,000 cell mL−1 was mixed with I. galbana tml, R. palustris (R) and S. cerevisiae (S) at 5000 and 10,000 cell mL−1. After the experiment, body length, body width, stomach length, rudiment length, rudiment length, body composition, digestive enzymes and survival rate were measured to evaluate the best feed. The results showed that the mixed feeding of C. muelleri 20,000 cell mL−1 and R. palustris 5000 cell mL−1 can achieve the best development and survival of larval embryos and can promote metamorphosis into juveniles in the shortest time. The research results will be applied to the large‐scale aquaculture of A. crassipina larvae to promote the diversity of aquaculture.
Association of sex hormones with non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease: An observational and Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Weng Chenghao , Shao Zilun , Xiao Meng , Song Mingyu , Zhao Yuxuan , Li Aolin , Pang Yuanjie , Huang Tao , Yu Canqing , Lv Jun , Li Liming , Sun Dianjianyi 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackground and AimsSex‐specific associations of sex hormone‐binding globulin (SHBG) and bioavailable testosterone (BAT) with NAFLD remain indeterminate. We aimed to explore observational and genetically determined relationships between each hormone and NAFLD.MethodsWe included 187 395 men and 170 193 women from the UK Biobank. Linear and nonlinear Cox regression models and Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis were used to test the associations.ResultsDuring 12.49 years of follow‐up, 2209 male and 1886 female NAFLD cases were documented. Elevated SHBG levels were linearly associated with a lower risk of NAFLD in women (HR (95% CI), .71 (.63, .79)), but not in men (a “U” shape, pnon‐linear < .001). Higher BAT levels were associated with a lower NAFLD risk in men (HR (95% CI), .81 (.71, .93)) but a higher risk in women (HR (95% CI): 1.25 (1.15, 1.36)). Genetically determined SHBG and BAT levels were linearly associated with NAFLD risk in women (OR (95% CI): .57 (.38, .87) and 2.21 (1.41, 3.26) respectively); in men, an “L‐shaped” MR association between SHBG levels and NAFLD risk was found (pnon‐linear = .016). The bidirectional MR analysis further revealed the effect of NAFLD on SHBG and BAT levels in both sexes.ConclusionsConsistently, linear associations of lower SHBG and higher BAT levels with increased NAFLD risk were both conventionally and genetically found in women, while in men, SHBG acts in a nonlinear manner. In addition, NAFLD may affect SHBG and BAT levels.
Impact of Suaahara, an integrated nutrition programme, on maternal and child nutrition at scale in Nepal
Authors: Frongillo Edward A. , Suresh Shalini , Thapa Deependra K. , Cunningham Kenda , Pandey Rana Pooja , Adhikari Ramesh P. , Kole Subir , Pun Bhim , Kshetri Indra , Adhikari Debendra P. , Klemm Rolf 
Published: February 2024

AbstractSuaahara was an innovative, complex, multi‐sectoral, large‐scale, nutrition programme in Nepal to increase exposure to nutrition‐related information and services, improve nutrition‐related knowledge and practices among pregnant women and mothers of infants and young children, and improve their nutrition. This study evaluated the effectiveness of Suaahara to improve nutrition and nutrition‐related practices by comparing changes over 10 years between intervention and comparison districts. The samples of households at baseline in 2012 and endline in 2022 were 2040 and 2480, respectively, from 120 old wards. The impact was estimated using intent‐to‐treat regression models in which survey year, arm and their interaction were fixed effects, accounting for district clustering, with the interaction estimating differences between arms in changes over time. The intervention, relative to comparison, reduced maternal underweight by 8.43 percentage points (p < 0.001), consistent with improved maternal and fetal condition that was manifested as the greater length of 0.761 z‐scores (p = 0.004) of infants 0–5.9 months. Complementary feeding practices with children between 6 and 23.9 months of age improved more in the intervention than comparison districts: child dietary diversity by 0.294 food groups (p = 0.072) and minimum dietary diversity by 9.51 percentage points (p = 0.028), feeding sick child more (p = 0.002) and administering oral rehydration solution and zinc for diarrhoea (p = 0.057) by about 17 percentage points each, and minimum meal frequency (p = 0.004) and minimum acceptable diet (p = 0.022) by about 15 percentage points each. Substantial impacts were demonstrated despite political restructuring, earthquakes, and other major challenges that Nepal and Suaahara faced and limitations in statistical power because of the reduced number of districts that then could be included in the study. Registered at clinicaltrials.gov with identifier NCT05448287.
Comparing biomechanics and neurophysiology between different phenotypes of patients with oropharyngeal dysphagia
Authors: Tomsen Noemí , Ortega Omar , Clavé Pere 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe pathophysiology of oropharyngeal dysphagia (OD) across patient phenotypes may differ. The aim of this study was to compare the biomechanics and neurophysiology of swallowing between healthy volunteers (HVs) and patients with dysphagia as a consequence of aging (OOD), post‐stroke (PSOD), Parkinson's disease (POD), or dementia (DOD). A retrospective study including 35 HVs and 109 OOD, 195 PSOD, 78 POD, and 143 DOD patients was performed. Videofluoroscopic data of signs of impaired efficacy and safety, penetration–aspiration scale (PAS) score, and the biomechanics of laryngeal vestibule closure (LVC) and opening (LVO) and of upper esophageal sphincter opening (UESO) were collected. Neurophysiology was assessed with pharyngeal sensory evoked potentials and neurotopography maps. All OD phenotypes showed signs of impaired efficacy and safety of swallowing, increased PAS score (p < 0.001), and delayed time to LVC (p < 0.0001). OOD (p < 0.0001), PSOD (p < 0.0001), and POD (p = 0.0065) patients also had delayed time to LVO, and OOD (p = 0.0062) and DOD (p = 0.0016) patients to UESO. Regarding neurophysiology, all phenotypes presented impaired pharyngeal sensitivity, a significant reduction in cortical activation, and impaired sensory input integration. Additionally, only PSOD was associated with impaired conduction of sensory stimuli. In conclusion, we found common but also specific pathophysiological elements. These results improve our understanding of OD pathophysiology and may help pave the way for phenotype‐specific treatments.
Drivers and facilitators of weight stigma among preconception, pregnant, and postpartum women: A systematic review
Authors: Hailu Haimanot , Skouteris Helen , Incollingo Rodriguez Angela C. , Galvin Emma , Hill Briony 
Published: February 2024

SummaryWomen in the preconception, pregnant, or postpartum period are susceptible to weight stigma, particularly due to the risk of excess weight gain during the reproductive life period and the negative effects of stigma on the health of both the mother and the child. Identifying the drivers and facilitators of weight stigma will help guide focused weight stigma prevention interventions. This systematic review aimed to identify the drivers and facilitators of weight stigma among preconception, pregnant, and postpartum women. In May 2022, Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, and the Maternity and Infant Care Database were searched for peer‐reviewed articles published since 2010 using search terms weight AND stigma AND preconception, OR pregnant, OR postpartum. Of the 1724 articles identified, 34 fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were included in a narrative synthesis. Women reported facing insensitive language, misconceptions about obesity across all settings, and inappropriate media representation. The unavailability of appropriate equipment at facilities was reported by both women and health professionals. Our findings indicate that a rigorous effort by all stakeholders is necessary to promote regulatory, legal, and educational initiatives designed to reduce weight stigma and discrimination against women in the reproductive period.
COP1‐ERF1‐SCE1 regulatory module fine‐tunes stress response under light‐dark cycle in Arabidopsis
Authors: Lin Wen‐Chi , Chang Hui‐Hsien , Huang Zi‐Bin , Huang Lin‐Chen , Kuo Wen‐Chieh , Cheng Mei‐Chun 
Published: February 2024

AbstractETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR 1 (ERF1) plays an important role in integrating hormone crosstalk and stress responses. Previous studies have shown that ERF1 is unstable in the dark and its degradation is mediated by UBIQUITIN‐CONJUGATING ENZYME 18. However, whether there are other enzymes regulating ERF1's stability remains unclear. Here, we use various in vitro and in vivo biochemical, genetic and stress‐tolerance tests to demonstrate that both CONSTITUTIVE PHOTOMORPHOGENIC 1 (COP1) and SUMO‐CONJUGATING ENZYME 1 (SCE1) regulate the stability of ERF1. We also performed transcriptomic analyses to understand their common regulatory pathways. We show that COP1 mediates ERF1 ubiquitination in the dark while SCE1 mediates ERF1 sumoylation in the light. ERF1 stability is positively regulated by SCE1 and negatively regulated by COP1. Upon abiotic stress, SCE1 plays a positive role in stress defence by regulating the expression of ERF1's downstream stress‐responsive genes, whereas COP1 plays a negative role in stress response. Moreover, ERF1 also promotes photomorphogenesis and the expression of light‐responsive genes. Our study reveals the molecular mechanism of how COP1 and SCE1 counteract to regulate ERF1's stability and light‐stress signalling crosstalk.
Beyond nonviolent regime change: Anarchist insights
Authors: Sørensen Majken Jul , Martin Brian 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn recent years, a major focus of research and campaigning on strategic nonviolent action has been on movements to oust authoritarian rulers. However, these “nonviolent revolutions” usually do not transform systems of economic and social domination. To motivate appreciation of what might be involved in a more far‐reaching social transformation, selected anarchist themes offer useful guides. The relevance of four principles of anarchist theory and practice—non‐hierarchy, self‐management, direct action, and prefiguration—is illustrated in the South African struggle against apartheid. Activists should consider how to use nonviolent strategies to move beyond systems of domination based on states and capitalism.
Different metabolic adaptation strategies after overwintering inEutremasp. andArabidopsisaccessions under field conditions in Germany
Authors: Zuther Ellen , Erban Alexander , Kopka Joachim , Pagter Majken 
Published: February 2024

AbstractSuccessful overwintering is a prerequisite for high fitness in temperate perennials and winter annuals and is highly dependent on increased freezing tolerance and timely balancing of deacclimation with growth resumption in spring. To assess fitness costs associated with overwintering and elucidate metabolic mechanisms underlying winter survival and the switch from acclimated freezing tolerance to growth resumption, we performed a comparative field study using 14Eutrema salsugineumaccessions,E. halophilum,E. botschantzeviiand 11Arabidopsis thalianaaccessions differing in freezing tolerance. Winter survival and reproductive fitness parameters were recorded and correlated with phenological stage and metabolite status during growth resumption in spring. The results revealed considerable intraspecific variation in winter survival, but survival rates of the extremophyteEutremawere not inherently better. In bothEutremaandA. thaliana, improved winter survival was associated with reduced reproductive fitness. Metabolic analysis by GC–MS revealed intrinsic differences in the primary metabolism of the two genera during deacclimation.Eutremacontained higher levels of several amino and chlorogenic acids, whileArabidopsishad higher levels of several sugars and sugar conjugates. In both genera, increased levels of several soluble sugars were associated with increased winter survival, whereasmyo‐inositol has different roles in overwintering ofEutremaandA. thaliana. In addition, differences in amino acid metabolism and polyhydroxy acids levels after winter survival were found. The results provide strong evidence for a trade‐off between increased winter survival and reproductive fitness in bothEutremaandArabidopsisand document inherent differences in their metabolic strategies to survive winter.