bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Substrate Specificity and Expression of Three 2,3-Dihydroxybiphenyl 1,2-Dioxygenases from
Rhodococcus globerulus
Strain P6
Authors: McKay David B. , Prucha Matthias , Reineke Walter , Timmis Kenneth N. , Pieper Dietmar H. 
Published: April 2003

ABSTRACT

Rhodococcus globerulus
strain P6 contains at least three genes,
bphC1
,
bphC2
, and
bphC3
, coding for 2,3-dihydroxybiphenyl 1,2-dioxygenases; the latter two specify enzymes of the family of one-domain extradiol dioxygenases. In order to assess the importance of these different isoenzymes for the broad catabolic activity of this organism towards the degradation of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), the capacities of recombinant enzymes expressed in
Escherichia coli
to transform different chlorosubstituted dihydroxybiphenyls formed by the action of
R. globerulus
P6 biphenyl dioxygenase and biphenyl 2,3-dihydrodiol dehydrogenase were determined. Whereas both BphC2 and BphC3 showed similar activities for 2,3-dihydroxybiphenyl and all monochlorinated 2,3-dihydroxybiphenyls, BphC1 exhibited only weak activity for 2′-chloro-2,3-dihydroxybiphenyl. More highly chlorinated 2′-chlorosubstituted 2,3-dihydroxybiphenyls were also transformed at high rates by BphC2 and BphC3 but not BphC1. In
R. globerulus
P6, BphC2 was constitutively expressed, BphC1 expression was induced during growth on biphenyl, and BphC3 was not expressed at significant levels under the experimental conditions. Although we cannot rule out the expression of BphC3 under certain environmental conditions, it seems that the contrasting substrate specificities of BphC1 and BphC2 contribute significantly to the versatile PCB-degrading phenotype of
R. globerulus
P6.
The Cell Wall of the Pathogenic Bacterium
Rhodococcus equi
Contains Two Channel-Forming Proteins with Different Properties
Authors: Rieβ Franziska G. , Elflein Marion , Benk Michael , Schiffler Bettina , Benz Roland , Garton Natalie , Sutcliffe Iain 
Published: April 2003

ABSTRACT

We have identified in organic solvent extracts of whole cells of the gram-positive pathogen
Rhodococcus equi
two channel-forming proteins with different and complementary properties. The isolated proteins were able to increase the specific conductance of artificial lipid bilayer membranes made from phosphatidylcholine-phosphatidylserine mixtures by the formation of channels able to be permeated by ions. The channel-forming protein PorA
Req
(
R. equi
pore A) is characterized by the formation of cation-selective channels, which are voltage gated. PorA
Req
has a single-channel conductance of 4 nS in 1 M KCl and shows high permeability for positively charged solutes because of the presence of negative point charges. According to the results of sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), the protein has an apparent molecular mass of about 67 kDa. The analysis (using the effect of negative charges on channel conductance) of the concentration dependence of the single-channel conductance suggested that the diameter of the cell wall channel is about 2.0 nm. The second channel (formed by PorB
Req
[
R. equi
pore B]) shows a preferred movement of anions through the channel and is not voltage gated. This channel shows a single-channel conductance of 300 pS in 1 M KCl and is characterized by the presence of positive point charges in or near the channel mouth. Based on SDS-PAGE, the apparent molecular mass of the channel-forming protein is about 11 kDa. Channel-forming properties of the investigated cell wall porins were compared with those of others isolated from mycolic acid-containing actinomycetes. We present here the first report of a fully characterized anion-selective cell wall channel from a member of the order
Actinomycetales
.
Hydrodesulfurization of 4,6-DMDBT in the High Boiling Fraction of Gas Oil
Authors: Choi Ki-Hyouk , Korai Yozo , Mochida Isao 
Published: April 2003

Abstract
A high boiling fraction of straight run gas oil, which contained 4,6-DMDBT by addition but free from dimethylbiphenyl and dimethylcyclohexylbenzene of its HDS products, was desulfurized over commercial catalysts to find principal products of 4,6-DMDBT. Thus, HDS of 4,6-DMDBT in the high boiling fraction of real feed was proved to proceed principally through hydrogenative route. During the HDS of the fraction, 4,6-DMDBT was found to be produced from trimethyldibenzothiophenes. This activity depended very much on the acidity of the catalyst.
Decomposition of Dichlorodifluoromethane with Simultaneous Halogen Fixation by Transition Metal Oxides Supported on Magnesium Oxide
Authors: Tamai Tsukasa , Inazu Koji , Aika Ken-ichi 
Published: April 2003

Abstract
CFC12 (CCl2F2) decomposition with simultaneous halogen fixation by MgO was significantly promoted by supporting transition metal oxides. Vanadium oxides were the most effective and over 80% of halogen was fixed as magnesium halides in 3.3 h (stoichiometric CFC12 feeding to MgO) at 723 K.
Electroreduction Behavior of Dinitrogen over Ruthenium Cathodic Catalyst
Authors: Zhang Shu-Yong , Zhang Xiu-Yun , Zhang Zuo-Shan , Kong Yan , Hua Shou-Nan 
Published: April 2003

Abstract
Dinitrogen was reduced electrochemically at ambient temperature and pressure in aqueous solution over ruthenium catalyst. It was found that the chemically deposited ruthenium loaded on active carbon was an effective catalyst with good activity and stability for nitrogen reduction. A peak with many shoulders corresponding to the reduction of dinitrogen to ammonia was first observed in the difference linear sweep voltammogram.
Solvothermal Synthesis of γ-LiV2O5 Nanorods as Cathode Material for Rechargeable Lithium Batteries
Authors: Xu Hai Yan , Wang Hao , Song Zhi Qiang , Wang Yao Wu , Zhang Yong Cai , Yan Hui 
Published: April 2003

Abstract
γ-LiV2O5 nanorods with diameters of 30–40 nm and lengths of 0.4–2 μm have been synthesized by a simple solvothermal method at 160 °C using ethanol as a solvent, which also serves as a reducing agent. The γ-LiV2O5/Li cell demonstrated an initial specific capacity of 259 mAh/g. After several initial cycling, the cell showed stabilized cycling behavior (199 mAh/g at the 20th cycle).
Conjoined twins cephalopagus Janiceps monosymmetros: A case report
Authors: Singh Mandavi , Singh K.P. , Shaligram Pragya 
Published: April 2003

AbstractBACKGROUNDWe present an extremely rare case of Janiceps type of female cephalopagus conjoined twins. Various pathological mechanisms that may be responsible for abnormal morphological development (limited to the conjoined part and normal morphological development in free lower abdomen and pelvis) are discussed.METHODSConjoined twins were obtained from a hospital, fixed in formalin, and dissected to observe and report the abnormalities present.RESULTSAnatomical features included development of normal face on one side, rudimentary face (two pinna only) on the opposite side, two cerebra each connected to the eye ball of its own side by optic nerve without any chiasma formation, two brain stems, two spinal cords, normally developed vertebral columns, four upper limbs, four lower limbs, a single shared foregut and small intestine up to Meckel's diverticulum beyond which it duplicated for the two twins, patent large intestines and anal canals. The genitourinary system was developed normally in both twins. The heart of one twin was relatively hypoplastic with the lungs. The liver was herniated on one side and the other side it was hypoplastic without any herniation. Gall bladder was absent on both sides. Conjoined hepatic ducts from both livers and the only pancreatic duct drained into esophagogastric junction.CONCLUSIONSWe propose that the development of upper abnormally conjoined parts and lower normally developed parts of the body of both the twins may be attributed to the factors associated with variable degrees of the conjoining, dysgenetic (developmental) defects, and deformations because of crowding in utero. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 67:268–272, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Individual heterogeneity and censoring in panel data estimates of tobacco expenditure
Authors: Jones Andrew M. , Labeaga José M. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractA panel of households is used to test the rational addiction model of Becker et al. (1994). These data raise problems of measurement errors, censoring, and unobservable heterogeneity. We use sample separation information to exclude those households who never purchase tobacco. To deal with the remaining zeros we compare specifications based on infrequency of purchase and on censoring. GMM and system‐GMM are used to deal with errors‐in‐variables and unobservable heterogeneity. Within‐groups two‐step, within‐groups three‐step GMM and Minimum Distance methods are used to allow for censoring. There is evidence that the rational addiction specification is sensitive to unobservable heterogeneity and censoring. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A rational rank four demand system
Authors: Lewbel Arthur 
Published: April 2003

AbstractPast parametric tests of demand system rank employed polynomial Engel curve systems. However, by Gorman's (1981) theorem, the maximum possible rank of a utility‐derived polynomial demand system is three. The present paper proposes a class of demand systems that are utility derived, are close to polynomial, and have rank four. These systems nest rational polynomial demands, and so can be used to test ranks up to four. These systems are suitable for applications where high rank is likely, such as demand systems involving a large number of goods. A test of rank using this new class of systems is applied to UK consumer demand data. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Long‐range dependence in Spanish political opinion poll series
Authors: Dolado Juan J. , Gonzalo Jesús , Mayoral Laura 
Published: April 2003

AbstractThis paper investigates the time series properties of partisanship for five political parties in Spain. It is found that pure fractional processes with a degree of integration, d, between 0.6 and 0.8 fit the time‐series behaviour of aggregate opinion polls for mainstream parties quite well, whereas values of d in the range of 0.3 to 0.6 are obtained for opinion polls related to smaller regional parties. Those results are in agreement with theories of political allegiance based on aggregation of heterogeneous voters with different degrees of commitment and pragmatism. Further, those models are found to be useful in forecasting the results of the last general elections in Spain. As a further contribution, new econometric techniques for estimation and testing of ARFIMA model are used to provide the previous evidence. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Auditing for profit
Authors: Smith Gordon 
Published: April 2003

AbstractEvery day we are bombarded with more bad news about American corporations. Profits are vaporizing, staff is being
laid off, and businesses are going bankrupt. Entire product lines are shutting down. But it is not all bad news,
says the author. It is an opportunity to audit for profit. How can your firm use internal auditors to find new areas
of profit enhancement? © 2002 Canaudit Inc.: The Canaudit Perspective,
October.
Urokinase‐type plasminogen activator receptor crosslinking in an NK cell line increases integrin surface expression by the MAP kinase/ERK 1/2 signaling pathway
Authors: Gellert Ginelle C. , Kitson Richard P. , Goldfarb Ronald H. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractUrokinase‐type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) is attached to cell membranes by a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor, and as such is devoid of an intracellular domain, but is nevertheless able to initiate signal transduction. Herein, we report a relationship between integrins and uPAR on the surface of the human NK cell line, YT. Our data reveals that crosslinking uPAR, which mimics uPAR clustering at focal adhesion sites, causes increases in expression of the αM, αV, and β2 integrins on the surface of YT cells. Activation of the MEK/ERK signaling cascade occurs following uPAR crosslinking, as phosphorylation of both MEK 1/2 and ERK 1/2 results from receptor clustering. The MEK‐specific inhibitors PD98059 and U0126 blocked MAP kinase phosphorylation; furthermore, PD98059 inhibited the increase in integrin expression induced by uPAR clustering. This study suggests that uPAR is a signaling receptor and regulator of integrins in NK cells and may impact NK cell function, including the potential for their accumulation within tumor metastases following adoptive transfer. J. Cell. Biochem. 89: 279–288, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
β1 integrins expression in adult rat ventricular myocytes and its role in the regulation of β‐adrenergic receptor‐stimulated apoptosis
Authors: Communal Catherine , Singh Mahipal , Menon Bindu , Xie Zhonglin , Colucci Wilson S. , Singh Krishna 
Published: April 2003

AbstractWe have shown that the stimulation of β‐adrenergic receptors (β‐AR) increases apoptosis in adult rat ventricular myocytes (ARVMs). Integrins, a family of αβ‐heterodimeric cell surface receptors, are postulated to play a role in ventricular remodeling. Here, we show that norepinephrine (NE) increases β1 integrins expression in ARVMs via the stimulation of α1‐AR, not β‐AR. Inhibition of ERK1/2 using PD 98059, an inhibitor of ERK1/2 pathway, inhibited α1‐AR‐stimulated increases in β1 integrins expression. Activation of β1 integrins signaling pathway using laminin (LN) inhibited β‐AR‐stimulated apoptosis as measured by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase‐mediated nick end labeling (TUNEL)‐staining and flow cytometry. Likewise, ligation of β1 integrins with anti‐β1 integrin antibodies prevented β‐AR‐stimulated apoptosis. Treatment of cells using LN or anti‐β1 integrin antibodies activated ERK1/2 pathway. PD 98059 inhibited activation of ERK1/2 by LN, and prevented the anti‐apoptotic effects of LN. Thus (1) stimulation of α1‐AR regulates β1 integrins expression via the activation of ERK1/2, (2) β1 integrins signaling protects ARVMs from β‐AR‐stimulated apoptosis, (3) activation of ERK1/2 plays a critical role in the anti‐apoptotic effects of β1‐integrin signaling. These data suggest that β1 integrin signaling protects ARVMs against β‐AR‐stimulated apoptosis possibly via the involvement of ERK1/2. J. Cell. Biochem. 89: 381–388, 2003. Published 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
15‐deoxy‐Δ12,14 prostaglandin J2 synergizes with phorbol ester to induce proliferation in Swiss 3T3 cells independently of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma and PGD2 receptors
Authors: Castaño E. , Gil J. 
Published: April 2003

Abstract15‐deoxy‐Δ12,14 prostaglandin J2 (15dPGJ2), a peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) ligand, induced synergistic stimulation of DNA synthesis in the presence of phorbol dibutyrate (PDB) in Swiss 3T3 cells. This effect was dose‐dependent and the maximum response was obtained at 2 μM 15dPGJ2, although higher concentrations of 15dPGJ2 were cytotoxic. Furthermore, 15dPGJ2 synergizes with PDB to induce cell‐cycle progression and cyclin D1 expression. Rosiglitazone and ciglitazone, two other agonists of PPARγ, did not synergize with PDB to induce DNA synthesis, suggesting that activation of PPARγ is not involved in 15dPGJ2‐induced DNA synthesis. 15dPGJ2 neither increased the levels of cAMP, nor changed the phosphorylation state of CREB, nor induced calcium mobilization, indicating that 15dPGJ2 effects are independent of prostaglandin D2 receptor (DP1 and DP2). Moreover, 15dPGJ2 did not induce activation of PKB/AKT or activation of extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK). These results establish a proliferative role for 15dPGJ2 in Swiss 3T3 cells independent of the activation of PPARγ or the PGD2 receptors. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Nuclear translocation of insulin receptor substrate‐1 by the insulin receptor in mouse embryo fibroblasts
Authors: Wu An , Sciacca Laura , Baserga Renato 
Published: April 2003

AbstractTranslocation of the insulin receptor substrate‐1 (IRS‐1) to the nuclei has been reported to occur in cells stimulated by insulin‐like growth factor‐1 (IGF‐I) or expressing certain viral and cellular oncogenes. We show here that insulin can also induce nuclear translocation of IRS‐1 in mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEF), that do not express the type 1 insulin‐like growth factor receptor (IGF‐IR). Only the A isoform of the insulin receptor (IR) can induce IRS‐1 nuclear translocation, which is significant when the receptor is over‐expressed. At physiological receptor levels, translocation occurs only in a fraction of cells, and only at high concentrations of ligand. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Induced stabilization of IκBα can facilitate its re‐synthesis and prevent sequential degradation
Authors: Place Robert F. , Haspeslagh Derek , Giardina Charles 
Published: April 2003

AbstractThe transcription factor NF‐κB is responsible for regulating genes that can profoundly impact cell proliferation, apoptosis, inflammation, and immune responses. The NF‐κB inhibitor IκBα is rapidly degraded and then re‐synthesized after an NF‐κB stimulus. We have found that the re‐synthesis of IκBα in a human colon‐derived cell line (HT‐29) includes the post‐translational stabilization of newly synthesized IκBα. The TNF‐α‐induced stabilization of newly synthesized IκBα involves the C‐terminal PEST region of the protein: N‐terminal deletion mutants (lacking the IκB kinase phosphorylation sites) were readily stabilized by TNF‐α, whereas deletion of the C‐terminus resulted in a constitutively stable protein. The role of the C‐terminus in stabilization was further supported by the finding that fusion of the IκBα C‐terminus to GFP generated a protein that could also be stabilized by TNF‐α. The p38 mitogen‐activated protein (MAP) kinase inhibitor SB203580 prevented stabilization of IκBα and delayed the re‐emergence of IκBα following TNF‐α‐induced degradation. The IκBα stabilization pathway could prevent sequential rounds of IκBα degradation without preventing IκBα phosphorylation. Analysis of two other cell lines (SW480 and THP‐1) revealed similarities and cell‐specific differences in the regulation of IκBα stabilization. We propose that cytokine stabilization of newly synthesized IκBα in some cell types is a critical homeostatic mechanism that limits inflammatory gene expression. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Heat shock proteins and the pancreas
Authors: Rakonczay Zoltán , Takács Tamás , Boros Imre , Lonovics János 
Published: April 2003

AbstractHeat shock proteins (HSPs) are cytoprotective molecules that help to maintain the metabolic and structural integrity of cells. In this review, we briefly discuss the regulation and function of HSPs. The review focuses on the current knowledge of pancreatic HSP induction, the HSP level changes during acute pancreatitis, the potential effects of the pre‐ and co‐induction of HSPs in experimental acute pancreatitis, and the mechanisms by which HSPs might mediate cellular protection. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fibroblasts from chronic wounds show altered TGF‐β‐signaling and decreased TGF‐β Type II Receptor expression
Authors: Kim Byung‐Chul , Kim Heung Tae , Park Seok Hee , Cha Ji‐Sun , Yufit Tatyana , Kim Seong‐Jin , Falanga Vincent 
Published: April 2003

AbstractChronic wounds are characterized by failure to heal in a defined time frame. However, the pathogenic steps leading from the etiological factors to failure to heal are unknown. Recently, increasing evidence suggests that resident cells in chronic wounds display a number of critical abnormalities, including senescence and unresponsiveness to the stimulatory action of transforming growth factor‐β1 (TGF‐β1). In this study, we have determined some of the mechanisms that might be responsible for unresponsiveness to TGF‐β1. Using Northern analysis and affinity labeling, we show that venous ulcer fibroblasts have decreased TGF‐β Type II receptor expression. This finding is not the result of genetic mutation, as shown by experiments with Type II receptor satellite instability. Decreased Type II receptor expression was accompanied by failure of ulcer fibroblasts to phosphorylate Smad 2, Smad 3, and p42/44 mitogen activating protein kinase (MAPK), and was associated with a slower proliferative rate in response to TGF‐β1. We conclude that venous ulcer fibroblasts show decreased Type II receptor expression and display abnormalities in the downstream signaling pathway involving MAPK and the early Smad pathway. These findings suggest ways to address and treat the abnormal cellular phenotype of cells in chronic wounds. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Die katalyse der polymerisation ungesättigter verbindungen mit hilfe von redoxsystemen1
Authors: Kern Von Werner 
Published: April 2003

AbstractDie Polymerisation ungesättigter Verbindungen mit Hilfe von Peroxyden wird durch Zusatz von Reduktionsmitteln, die die Polymerisation nicht hemmen, beschleunigt. Polymerisationen werden durch Redoxreaktionen ausgelöst. Es werden einige wirksame Redoxsysteme für die Polymerisation in Emulsion, in Substanz und in Lösung behandelt. Zur Deutung der Redoxbeschleunigung wird die Bildung freier Radikale bei der Redoxreaktion angenommen. Diese Radikale sind die Reaktionskeime des Kettenwachstums.
Über den primärakt der mit hilfe von peroxyden ausgelösten polymerisation ungesättigter verbindungen
Authors: Kern Von Werner 
Published: April 2003

AbstractDer Primärakt der peroxydischen Polymerisation ungesättigter Verbindungen besteht wahrscheinlich in der Bildung freier Radikale, die bei der Umsetzung des Peroxydes mit der ungesättigten Verbindung oder einem anderen H‐Donator entstehen. Diese Anschauung steht in übereinstimmung mit derjenigen über die Polymerisation mit Hilfe von Redoxsystemen; sie kann ferner den Einbau der Peroxyde in die Polymerisatketten erklären. Es werden die Hypothese der Bildung „aktiven”︁ Sauerstoffes, der Peroxydzerfall nach Gelissen, Böeseken und Hermans, Wieland, Hey und Waters, ferner die Anschauungen von Breitenbach über die peroxydische Polymerisation diskutiert.
Über den essigsäuregehalt des pektins der zuckerrübe
Authors: Henglein von F. A. , Vollmert B. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractEssigsäure wurde aus Rübenpektin isoliert und als Acetanilid nachgewiesen. Durch Verseifung von Pektin mit Alkali und Säuren bei verschiedenen Temperaturen wurde gezeigt, daß die Entstehung von Essigsäure — im Gegensatz zu der auch bei der Verseifung gebildeten Ameisensäure — nicht auf einen oxydativen Abbau zurückzuführen ist; wie kinetische Messungen der Verseifungsreaktion erwiesen, muß das Vorliegen einer Acetylgruppe angenommen werden. Die Frage, ob die Acetylgruppe der Galakturonsäure oder den Begleistoffen Araban‐Galaktan des Pektins zugehört, wurde dahin entschieden, daß sowohl die Pektinmoleküle wie die Begleitstoffe Essigsäure enthalten, da der Essigsäuregehalt bei steigendem Galakturonsäuregehalt eines Präparates weder zu‐ noch abnimmt. Zur Bestimmung der Essigsäure in Pektin wurde eine einfache und rasch ausführbare Methode angegeben.
Bausteinanalyse des clupeins und salmins
Authors: Waldschmidt‐Leitz von Ernst , Günther Elfriede 
Published: April 2003

AbstractEine quantitative Aufteilung der Aminosäuren in gereinigtem Clupein und Salmine wurde mit Methoden der chromatographischen Adsorption erreicht. Es ergab sich ein molekulares Verhältnis von 10 Arginin : 2 Serin : 1 Valin : 1 Alanin : 1 Prolin für das Clupein und von 12 Arginin : 3 Serin : 1 Valin : 2 Prolin für das Salmin.