bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SMART-ESAS: Smartphone Monitoring and Assessment in Real Time of Edmonton Symptom Assessment System Scores for Patients With Cancer
Authors: Nagpal Chitrakshi , Sharma Atul , Bakhshi Sameer , Malik Prabhat Singh , Gupta Hardik , Mittal Chetanya , Gund Sneha , Kumar Akash , Sharma Aparna , Pushpam Deepam , Khurana Sachin , Pramanik Raja , Gupta Nishkarsh , Batra Atul 
Published: February 2024

PURPOSE Serial patient-reported outcome (PRO) measurements in clinical practice are associated with a better quality of life and survival. Recording electronic PROs using smartphones is an efficient way to implement this. We aimed to assess the feasibility of the electronically filled Edmonton Symptom Assessment System (e-ESAS) scale in the lower-middle–income country (LMIC) setting. METHODS Baseline clinical features and conventional paper-based ESAS (p-ESAS) were collected in newly diagnosed patients with solid organ tumors. Text message link was sent to these patients for filling e-ESAS. ESAS was categorized into physical, psychological, and total symptom domains. Scores were divided into none to mild (0-3) and moderate to severe (4-10). Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were used to determine the correlation between p-ESAS and e-ESAS. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify independent factors affecting symptom burden. RESULTS Of 1,160 participants who filled out p-ESAS, 595 completed both e-ESAS and p-ESAS questionnaires and were included in the final analysis. Moderate to severe physical, psychological, and total symptom scores were seen in 39.8%, 40%, and 39% of participants. Tiredness and anxiety were the most common physical and psychological symptoms, respectively. ICCs between the p-ESAS and e-ESAS varied between 0.75 and 0.9. Total symptom scores were independently predicted by metastatic disease (odds ratio [OR], 1.83; 95% CI, 1.26 to 2.67; P = .001) and a higher level of education (OR, 0.42; 95% CI, 0.25 to 0.72; P = .001). CONCLUSION Paper-based and electronically filled ESASs have good intraobserver reliability across individual symptoms and domain scores in a representative cohort at a tertiary care institute in the LMIC. This may help us incorporate e-ESAS in routine clinical care in the real-world setting with financial, infrastructural, and manpower limitations.
Determination of Factors Associated with Upstage in Atypical Ductal Hyperplasia to Identify Low-Risk Patients Where Active Surveillance May be an Alternative
Authors: Greene Alexandra J. E. , Davis Joshua , Moon Jessica , Dubin Iram , Cruz Anastasia , Gupta Megha , Moazzez Ashkan , Ozao-Choy Junko , Gupta Esha , Manchandia Tejas , Kalantari Babak N. , Rahbar Guita , Dauphine Christine 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
Excision is routinely recommended for atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH) found on core biopsy given cancer upstage rates of near 20%. Identifying a cohort at low-risk for upstage may avoid low-value surgery. Objectives were to elucidate factors predictive of upstage in ADH, specifically near-complete core sampling, to potentially define a group at low upstage risk.

Patients and Methods
This retrospective, cross-sectional, multi-institutional study from 2015 to 2019 of 221 ADH lesions in 216 patients who underwent excision or active observation (≥ 12 months imaging surveillance, mean follow-up 32.6 months) evaluated clinical, radiologic, pathologic, and procedural factors for association with upstage. Radiologists prospectively examined imaging for lesional size and sampling proportion.

Results
Upstage occurred in 37 (16.7%) lesions, 25 (67.6%) to ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and 12 (32.4%) to invasive cancer. Factors independently predictive of upstage were lesion size ≥ 10 mm (OR 5.47, 95% CI 2.03–14.77, p < 0.001), pathologic suspicion for DCIS (OR 12.29, 95% CI 3.24–46.56, p < 0.001), and calcification distribution pattern (OR 8.08, 95% CI 2.04–32.00, p = 0.003, “regional”; OR 19.28, 95% CI 3.47–106.97, p < 0.001, “linear”). Near-complete sampling was not correlated with upstage (p = 0.64). All three significant predictors were absent in 65 (29.4%) cases, with a 1.5% upstage rate.

Conclusions
The upstage rate among 221 ADH lesions was 16.7%, highest in lesions ≥ 10 mm, with pathologic suspicion of DCIS, and linear/regional calcifications on mammography. Conversely, 30% of the cohort exhibited all low-risk factors, with an upstage rate < 2%, suggesting that active surveillance may be permissible in lieu of surgery.
Diabetes mellitus and its skin manifestations - dermatology for diabetologists
Authors: Sambura Maria , Rosołowska-Żak Sara , Pałuchowska Julia , Szymkowicz Anna , Paschke Patrycja , Miczek Igor 
Published: February 2024

Introduction: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) one of the most common chronic disease in Europe, can affect every part of the body including the skin. Metabolic changes during the progress of diabetes mellitus , influence the occurence of various dermatoses such as Acanthosis nigricans, Necrobiosis lipoidica diabeticorum, bullosis diabeticorum, eruptive xanthomatosis and diabetic dermopathy. On the other hand, there are allergic skin reactions as a consequence of insulin infusion, diabetic pills treatment and using diabetic devices like insulin pumps and glucose monitors that can improve patiens glycemic control and their quality of life.

Aim of the study: The aim of our study is to present skin manifestations associated with diabetes mellitus patients. The importance of early detection skin changes and its significance are also analysed.

Material and methods: We searched electronic databases, using keywords such as „Diabetes Mellitus” , „ Skin dermatoses assosiated with diabetes mellitus „ and „Acanthosis Nigricans”

Conclusions: Human skin is a reflection of the processes that take place in the body. The characteristc dermatoses that appear on it, can be a clue for the doctor and help him in the diagnostic process and proper control of diabetes. Technological progress has led to the develompent of specialized devices to control the glycemia of patients, however, this is often associated with the deterioration in the well-being of patients and the benefits of treatment ,by reverse allergic skin reactions to contact with the equipment.
Strongly Convergent Homogeneous Approximations to Inhomogeneous Markov Jump Processes and Applications
Authors: Bladt Martin , Peralta Oscar 
Published: February 2024

The study of time-inhomogeneous Markov jump processes is a traditional topic within probability theory that has recently attracted substantial attention in various applications. However, their flexibility also incurs a substantial mathematical burden which is usually circumvented by using well-known generic distributional approximations or simulations. This article provides a novel approximation method that tailors the dynamics of a time-homogeneous Markov jump process to meet those of its time-inhomogeneous counterpart on an increasingly fine Poisson grid. Strong convergence of the processes in terms of the Skorokhod J1 metric is established, and convergence rates are provided. Under traditional regularity assumptions, distributional convergence is established for unconditional proxies, to the same limit. Special attention is devoted to the case where the target process has one absorbing state and the remaining ones transient, for which the absorption times also converge. Some applications are outlined, such as univariate hazard-rate density estimation, ruin probabilities, and multivariate phase-type density evaluation. Funding: M. Bladt and O. Peralta would like to acknowledge financial support from the Swiss National Science Foundation Project 200021_191984. O. Peralta acknowledges financial support from NSF Award #1653354 and AXA Research Fund Award on “Mitigating risk in the wake of the pandemic”.
Introduction to the Special Issue on Centering the Voices of People With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities in the Process and Outcomes of Science
Authors: Shogren Karrie A. , Dean Evan E. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This article introduces a Special Issue focused on centering the voices of people with intellectual and developmental disabilities in the process and outcomes of science. The article provides an overview of the right to science and how inclusive research can advance that right for people with intellectual and developmental disabilities. An overview of the articles that are part of the Special Issue are provided, as is a framework for approaching inclusive research from a social-ecological perspective.
All-dielectric high-NA achromatic metalenses in the mid-infrared band based on subregions
Authors: Wang Zhiheng , Liu Weiguo , Zhu Yechuan , Zhou Shun 
Published: February 2024

For conventional refractive lenses, chromatic aberration inevitably occurs due to the refractive index variation of the lens material with the incident wavelength, leading to axial aberrations and lower imaging system quality. Achromatic metalenses have demonstrated a great capability to solve this problem and been extensively investigated. However, the metalens achromatic method involves construction of a unit structure satisfying a phase distribution greater than 0−2π or phase compensation. Although this design method can obtain a good achromatic effect, finding a unit that satisfies a linear distribution during design is difficult. In this paper, we use subregion discrete wavelength modulation to achieve broadband achromatism. The total number of structural units in each region is optimized for different incident wavelengths, and the internal and external ring unit structures are also optimized. This achromatic metalens exhibits a large aperture and a high numerical aperture in the 4.2–4.7 µm mid-infrared band (NA = 0.83). Our research has strong potential and application prospects in ultracompact imaging and laser beam shaping.
Mapping factors influencing initiation of antiretroviral treatment among adolescents living with HIV/AIDS in sub-Saharan Africa: A scoping review protocol
Authors: Likoti Palesa Grace , Kuupiel Desmond , Khuzwayo Nelisiwe 
Published: February 2024

Background
Since the Start Free, Stay Free, and AIDS-Free launch, UNAIDS targets intended to promote interventions to prevent HIV transmission and promote access to ART among adolescents and children, of which none were achieved in 2020. In the sub-Saharan African region, the number of adolescents initiated on ART drugs remained consistently low, with approximately100 000 adolescents succumbing to AIDS-related causes in 2022. Although HIV prevalence among adolescents had been reduced, several HIV- positive adolescents died without being initiated on ART drugs. Therefore, this scoping review protocol aims to map factors influencing the initiation of ART drugs among adolescents living with HIV in sub-Saharan Africa.

Methods
The methodological framework for scoping reviews will guide this scoping protocol. A search strategy will be used to search literature in electronic databases, including EBSCOhost (PubMed/MEDLINE), Google Scholar, Science Direct, Scopus, BioMed Central, and the World Health Organization library for citations and literature using keywords and the Medical Subjects Heading (MeSH). The electronic databases will be supplemented by hand-searching references on the included studies. The search will be from Jan 01, 2012, to Dec 31, 2022. Articles will be searched and assessed for eligibility by two screeners uploaded on the Endnote software, and duplicates will be identified and removed before the abstract screening. The two screeners will assess the eligibility of the abstracts and the complete articles of the selected studies using the inclusion and exclusion criteria. A third screener will intervene when there is a lack of consensus between the two screeners. The selection process will be documented by following and using the PRISMA flow diagram (Fig 1). A thematic content analysis will present a narrative account of the extracted data.

Discussion
The results of this review will identify and describe factors influencing the initiation of Antiretroviral treatment among adolescents living with HIV in the Sub-Saharan African region. The findings will guide future research and inform tailored interventions and strategies for initiating ART among adolescents.

Trial registration
Open Science Framework. https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/RNF2T.
Relationships between physical fitness characteristics, technical skill attributes, and sports injury in female Australian football players
Authors: Farley Jessica B. , O’Hara Miranda , Keogh Justin W. L. , Woods Carl T. , Rathbone Evelyne , Milne Nikki 
Published: February 2024

Objectives
To explore the relationships between physical fitness and i) technical skills and ii) time-loss from Australian football injury in female players across the talent and participation pathways.

Methods
This study uses a subset of data from two cross-sectional and one prospective cohort studies. A total of 223 female Australian football players across five competition levels (elite/non-elite senior, high-level junior, and non-elite junior (14–17 years)/(10–13 years)) were included in this study. Comprehensive physical fitness assessments and modified Australian football kicking and handballing tests were conducted in the 2018/19 pre-seasons. During the respective competitive in-season, time-loss injuries were recorded by team personnel. Stepwise multiple linear regressions were performed to determine the relationship between physical fitness and kicking and handballing scores. Cox proportional regressions were conducted to identify physical fitness factors associated with injury.

Results
Increased running vertical jump height, greater hip abduction strength, and faster timed 6 m hop speed demonstrated a relationship with kicking accuracy when adjusted for years of Australian football playing experience (adjusted R2 = 0.522, p < 0.001). Faster agility time and increased lean mass were associated with better handballing accuracy (adjusted R2 = 0.221, p < 0.001). Multivariate Cox regression revealed an increased risk for sustaining a time-loss injury in less agile players (adjusted HR 2.41, 95% CI 1.23, 4.73, p = 0.010). However, this relationship no longer remained when adjusted for age and years of Australian football experience (adjusted HR 1.68, 95% CI 0.81, 3.50, p = 0.166).

Conclusions
Physical fitness may be a significant factor contributing to development of Australian football technical skills in female players. However, its role is unclear in protecting against injury risk in this athlete population. Further research is needed to explore the multifactorial and complex phenomenon of talent development and injury risk reduction in female Australian football players.
Una mirada interpretativa del habitar mocoví
Authors: Druetto Valentina , Gorbik Agostina , Turtula Camila 
Published: February 2024

La presente investigación analiza desde una mirada disciplinar arquitectónica la situación del paisaje, el territorio y los equipamientos comunitarios de la comunidad mocoví Com Caia, a partir de la consideración de sus particularidades culturales e históricas y de la reinterpretación de sus modos de habitar.
El caso de estudio aborda a la comunidad asentada en Campo San José, en la zona rural de Recreo. Las tierras que lo conforman fueron entregadas a la comunidad por parte del Estado provincial como objeto de reparación histórica en el año 2008. Estas tierras no son parte de los territorios ancestrales que eran habitados por el pueblo mocoví, lo que, sumado a las históricas persecuciones, a los distintos procesos de invisibilización y traslados a los cuales los pueblos originarios fueron sometidos, se refleja en la dificultad de apropiación territorial y por consecuencia en el paisaje, así como en la calidad de los equipamientos y espacios comunitarios, entendidos estos como los escenarios de manifestación cultural y de expresión de los modos de habitar.
Esta situación provoca que las prácticas culturales vean limitadas su reproducción, ya que la comunidad debe adaptar sus deseos y necesidades a las posibilidades existentes, complicando así el proceso de reivindicación cultural e impidiendo que se imprima el patrimonio inmaterial en el material.
Accounting and Finance: Complementarity and Divergence
Authors: Biondi Yuri 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Penman (2023. Accounting for Uncertainty. Accounting, Economics, and Law: A Convivium) develops a conceptual framework which reconciles accounting and finance in view to provide information for financial investment. His framework is based upon resolution of uncertainty over expectations as a convenient basis for accrual accounting. In this context, accrual accounting can be interpreted as a convenient instrument to protect the corporate capacity to generate future earnings on which the expected financial value is based upon. However, in order to fulfil this control function, accounting applies an additive process (simple return), while financial valuation imposes a multiplicative process (compound return) over the invested financial capital. This divergence between accounting and finance enables disentangling business profit – as determined by accounting – from money interest and ownership rent, paving the way to a theory of the business firm based upon its accounting structure, and enabling measures of financial performance consistent with this divergence.
A longitudinal study on lecture listening difficulties and self-regulated learning strategies across different proficiency levels in EMI higher education
Authors: Zhou Sihan , Rose Heath 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The absence of language admission thresholds in many English medium instruction (EMI) university programmes has led to marked heterogeneity in students’ English proficiency upon entry. These students may face diverse challenges when listening to academic lectures, adopt different strategies to cope, and undergo varying trajectories in listening over time. To unpack such complexities, this study adopts a longitudinal mixed-methods design, comprising questionnaire responses from 412 freshmen and semi-structured interviews with 34 students at the beginning, halfway, and end of their first semester studying at an EMI university in China. Students were divided into high, medium, and low proficiency cohorts based on their listening placement test scores. Multilevel modelling analyses highlight that students entering with lower proficiency reported sharper reductions in listening challenges over time. Interview findings also reveal that these students engaged in more industrious self-regulated listening practice outside of the classroom than their highly proficient peers. Regardless of disparities in students’ proficiency, all students developed a higher tolerance towards ‘non-native’ teacher accents and shifted attitudes towards handling disciplinary terminology. The findings offer pedagogical implications for supporting different groups of students’ needs for successful transitions into English-medium tertiary education.
On Italian spatial prepositions and measure phrases: reconciling the data with theoretical accounts
Authors: Ursini Francesco-Alessio , Wu Tong 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The goal of this article is to offer new empirical evidence regarding the grammatical and semantic properties of Italian spatial prepositions, and to provide a theoretical account based on this evidence. We show that Italian has four grammatical types of prepositions (simple, complex, contracted and uncontracted), and three semantic types (geometric, projective and region prepositions). By studying the syntactic distribution of prepositions and the phrases they form with measure phrases (e.g., dieci metri ‘ten meters’) we argue that a non-isomorphic (i.e., not one-to-one) relation between grammatical and semantic type emerges. Region and geometric prepositions form phrases that block the presence of measure phrases (e.g., #dieci metri a fianco del muro ‘ten meters beside the wall’), whereas projective prepositions license them (e.g., dieci metri dietro al muro ‘ten meters behind the wall’). We show that previous accounts postulate a type of symmetry that leads to problematic predictions regarding these patterns. We then propose an alternative account based on the Lexical Syntax framework that models the data via a feature-matching mechanism.
Fragment answers with negative dependencies in Korean: a direct interpretation approach
Authors: Kim Jong-Bok 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Fragment answers are nonsentential utterances quite pervasive in daily-life dialogues. This article focuses on fragment answers involving a negative dependency expression in Korean. The key question for the analysis of such a negative fragment expression is how to resolve sentential meaning from its non-sentential status. This article argues against sentential approaches that postulate clausal sources together with move-and-delete operations to generate negative fragments. Instead, the article supports a discourse-based direct interpretation analysis that allows negative fragment answers to be directly projected as a full utterance and obtain their propositional meaning by referring to the organized discourse structure in question.
International and national significance of the realization (implementation) of the norms of international law
Authors: Shamsan Reyad Taha 
Published: February 2024

The article deals with the most important theoretical and practical issues of the realization (implementation) of international law, examines the concepts, forms and content of the realization (implementation) of international law, finds out the reasons that affect the inefficiency of international law. It is noted that the realization (implementation) of the norms of international law includes two levels: international (collective activity of states) and national (individual activity of the state). Particular attention is paid to the importance of the implementation of the norms of international law and their primacy both over domestic law and over politics in international relations. It is mentioned that in international law the UN Charter enshrined the principle of conscientious observance of international obligations (pacta sunt servanda), which extends its effect to all norms, regardless of functions, purpose, form of expression. According to this principle, each state must fulfill in good faith its obligations arising from the generally recognized principles and norms of international law and specific international treaties. The article argues that this principle is mandatory not only in relations between states, but also extends to the sphere of national law in the context of the implementation of international law. The article emphasizes that in modern conditions the solution of global problems of peace, the stability of the international order, as well as the solution of many domestic problems in the literal sense depends on the effectiveness of international law. An opinion is expressed about the need to develop a unified science of the law of both domestic and international law. Since, just as it is correctly noted in the legal literature, the issues of the realization (implementation) of international law are shifted from the international to the national sphere, due to the fact that a significant number of international legal norms are intended for final implementation within states. Such a statement is true in relation to all branches of international law, in particular in the field of human rights and the protection of the environment. It is indicated that in order to fulfill international obligations, it is required from the state on a national level to ensure the harmonization of their laws and practices with obligations under international law.