bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expression of the human erythrocyte glucose transporter glut‐1 in areas of sclerotic collagen in necrobiosis lipoidica
Authors: Holland Cheryl , Givens Vicky , Smoller Bruce R. 
Published: March 2003

Background: Glut‐1 is the human erythrocyte glucose transporter which mediates facilitative transport of glucose across epithelial and endothelial barrier tissues. A primary abnormality in glucose transport and Glut‐1 cell‐surface content has been observed in fibroblasts from NIDDM and obese individuals. With the strong correlation between necrobiosis lipoidica and diabetes mellitus, we investigated the expression of Glut‐1 in diabetic individuals with necrobiosis lipoidica (NL).Methods: A polyclonal anti‐Glut‐1 antibody was used with a standard immunoperoxidase technique to determine Glut‐1 expression by fibroblasts in areas of sclerotic collagen from specimens taken from diabetic individuals with necrobiosis lipoidica,and non‐diabetic individuals with scars and granuloma annulare (GA).Results: Our results showed Glut‐1 expression in the areas of sclerotic collagen in patients with NL, possibly contributing to insulin resistance in these tissues.Conclusions: Our findings raises the question as to whether abnormalities in glucose transport by fibroblasts in individuals with necrobiosis lipoidica contribute to the histopathologic changes.
Volar melanotic macules in a Japanese man with histopathological postinflammatory pigmentation: the volar counterpart of mucosal melanotic macules
Authors: Kiyohara T. , Kumakiri M. , Kouraba S. , Lao L.‐M. , Sawai T. 
Published: March 2003

Background: Volar melanotic macules are asymptomatic light‐brown or tannish‐grey macules usually found on the palms and/or soles of blacks, although they have also been reported on the volar surfaces of whites. Similar lesions have not been reported before in Japanese people. Since the cause is as yet unknown, it remains to be discussed whether they are a distinct entity.Methods: In this report, a 52‐year‐old Japanese man with volar melanotic macules is reported with the clinical and histopathological findings.Results: A 52‐year‐old Japanese man presented with many light‐brown macules on his bilateral soles. He had a 20‐year history of tinea pedis. Histopathological examination revealed melanophages and inflammatory infiltrates in the superficial dermis. There was a slight increase in melanin granules around the acrosyringium. Fontana‐Masson stain revealed a slight increase in melanin granules in the basal layer including the acrosyringium and superficial dermis. These changes corresponded with postinflammatory pigmentation.Conclusions: This is the first report of volar melanotic macules in Japanese people. We suggest that volar melanotic macules is not an independent entity but a clinicopathological one that includes postinflammatory pigmentation, and that the condition is the volar counterpart of mucosal melanotic macules.
Disseminated acanthamoebiasis presenting as lobular panniculitis with necrotizing vasculitis in a patient with AIDS
Authors: Rosenberg Arlene Sylvia , Morgan Michael B. 
Published: March 2003

Background: Disseminated acanthamoebiasis is a rare entity, almost exclusively occurring in the immunocompromised host.Methods: We report an unusual case of a 35‐year‐old female with recurrent sinusitis and multiple skin nodules demonstrating a necrotizing panniculitis, shown to be due to disseminated acanthamoebiasis.Results: Histologic sections showed a neutrophilic lobular panniculitis with 20‐ to 30‐μm trophozoites consistent with Acanthamoeba species.Conclusions: A review the literature shows that the histopathological presentation of acanthamoebiasis often eludes initial diagnostic attempts and that central nervous system (CNS) involvement is frequent and ultimately fatal. When amoebiasis is suspected, knowledge of the trophozoite and cyst forms may be helpful in distinguishing Acanthamoeba species from Entamoeba histolytica.
Tumor‐infiltrating T cells in primary cutaneous B‐cell lympho‐proliferative disorders
Authors: Kamarashev Jivko , Schaerer Leo , Burg Günter , Hess Schmid Monika , Müller Beatrix , Kempf Werner 
Published: March 2003

Background: Tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) are considered to play an important role in the antitumoral immune response. The presence and percentage of CD8‐positive tumor‐infiltrating T cells have been shown to correlate with differentiation and prognosis in various neoplasms. The aim of this study was to determine the number of CD8‐positive T cells in various primary cutaneous B‐cell lymphoproliferative disorders and to evaluate its correlation with the histological type of tumor.Methods: Fifty‐three lesions were examined by immunohistochemistry with antibodies targeting CD3, CD4, CD8 and TIA‐1. Thirty‐two lesions had been diagnosed as primary cutaneous B‐cell lymphomas (CBCL) and 21 as B‐cell pseudolymphomas (B‐PSL). CBCLs included 15 follicular lymphomas (FL), 6 marginal zone lymphomas (MZL), and 11 diffuse large B‐cell lymphomas (LCL). The number of CD8‐positive cytotoxic T cells was determined by computer‐assisted morphometrical microscopy.Results: No significant difference could be detected in the density of CD8‐positive T cells in B‐PSL (101/105μm2), FL (110/105μm2), and MZL (122/105μm2). In contrast, the number of CD8‐positive cells (55/105μm2) in LCL was significantly lower (p&lt;0.01) compared to B‐PSL, FL and MZL.Conclusions: In summary the number of CD8‐positive T cells in B‐cell lymphoproliferative disorders differs in regard to tumor type and differentiation with lowest numbers in diffuse large B‐cell lymphomas. However, due to an overlap of the number of TILs, this parameter cannot be employed as a diagnostic parameter for individual cases.
The expression of syndecan‐1 is preferentially reduced compared with that of E‐cadherin in acantholytic squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Bayer‐Garner Ilene B. , Smoller Bruce R. 
Published: March 2003

Background: Syndecan‐1 and E‐cadherin are cell adhesion molecules which are expressed primarily on the surface of adult epithelial cells. They appear to be co‐regulated and may act in concert to stabilize the epithelium. Loss of expression of both E‐cadherin and syndecan‐1 is seen in malignant transformation and invasion.Methods: Thirteen cutaneous biopsies of acantholytic squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) were examined for coexpression of E‐cadherin and syndecan‐1.Results: Interestingly, immunoreactivity for E‐cadherin was increased in the in situ component while immunoreactivity for syndecan‐1 was similar to that seen in normal skin. Conversely, in invasive SCC the expression of these two adhesion molecules was very similar. Both diminished with decreasing cell differentiation, as well as in the acantholytic areas where both molecules exhibited increasing cytosolic staining rather than cell membrane staining.Conclusions: Our results suggest that it is likely E‐cadherin and syndecan‐1 act in concert to stabilize the epithelium and that the loss or decreased expression of both of these adhesion molecules is associated with malignant transformation.
Comprehensive analysis of 112 melanocytic skin lesions demonstrates microsatellite instability in melanomas and dysplastic nevi, but not in benign nevi
Authors: Hussein Mahmoud R. , Sun Min , Tuthill Ralph J. , Roggero Eduardo , Monti Jorge A. , Sudilovsky Eulalia C. , Wood Gary S. , Sudilovsky Oscar 
Published: March 2003

Introduction: Alterations in the length of DNA repetitive sequences (microsatellite instability (MSI)) represent distinct tumorigenic pathways associated with several familial and sporadic tumors.Material and methods: To investigate the prevalence and frequency of MSI in melanocytic lesions, the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)‐based microsatellite assay was used to examine formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded tissues of 30 benign melanocytic nevi, 60 melanocytic dysplastic nevi (MDN), and 22 primary vertical growth phase cutaneous malignant melanomas (CMM). Twenty‐four microsatellite markers at the 1p, 2p, 3p, 4q and 9p chromosomal regions were used.Results: MSI was found at 1p and 9p in MDN and CMM but not in benign melanocytic nevi. The overall prevalence of MSI was17/60 (28%) in MDN and 7/22 (31%) in CMM. The frequency of MSI ranged from 2/24 (9%) to 4/24 (17%) and was most commonly found at D9S162. There was a statistically significant correlation between degree of atypia and frequency of MSI (p<0.001) in MDN. There were two MSI banding patterns: band shifts and additional bands.Conclusions: The data presented revealed the presence of low‐frequency MSI (MSI‐L) at the 1p and 9p regions in both MDN and CMM. Whether the MSI‐L pattern reflects a defect in mismatch repair genes is still to be determined.
Interstitial mycosis fungoides, a variant of mycosis fungoides resembling granuloma annulare and inflammatory morphea*
Authors: Su Lyndon D. , Kim Youn H. , LeBoit Philip E. , Swetter Susan M. , Kohler Sabine 
Published: March 2003

Background: Interstitial mycosis fungoides (IMF) is a rare variant of mycosis fungoides that resembles the interstitial form of granuloma annulare and inflammatory morphea. IMF has received little attention in the literature.Methods:  Clinical, histological, immunophenotypical, and genotypical findings of five cases of IMF were reviewed. The histological and immunophenotypical findings were compared with those of eight cases of interstitial granuloma annulare and six cases of inflammatory morphea.Results:  Five patients with IMF presented with non‐indurated, erythematous macules; ill‐defined erythematous plaques with slight scale; and nodules on the trunk and proximal limbs. Two of five patients had a prior diagnosis of mycosis fungoides. Skin biopsies revealed a striking dermal interstitial infiltrate of lymphocytes with rare histiocytes that resembled the interstitial form of granuloma annulare or inflammatory morphea. Epidermotropic lymphocytes were present at least focally in all cases. A band‐like lymphocytic infiltrate was observed in two of five cases. In contrast, many plasma cells and histiocytes were observed in cases of inflammatory morphea and interstitial granuloma annulare, respectively. With Movat‐pentachrome stains, increased dermal mucin deposition was observed in two of five IMF cases, in all cases of interstitial granuloma annulare, and in one of six cases of inflammatory morphea. There was focal loss of elastic fibers in all cases of inflammatory morphea. Immunohistochemical studies of IMF highlighted a dominant population of T cells (CD3+) in the dermis and epidermis. In contrast, moderate numbers of B cells (CD20+) were admixed with T cells and plasma cells in inflammatory morphea. Almost equal numbers of histiocytes (CD68+) and T cells comprised the infiltrate of interstitial granuloma annulare. In two of five IMF cases, a clonal T‐cell population was detected by PCR T‐cell gamma gene rearrangement analysis.Conclusion:  Mycosis fungoides occasionally presents as an interstitial lymphocytic infiltrate that mimics granuloma annulare and inflammatory morphea. Hematoxylin & eosin (H&E) findings alone can sometimes distinguish the three disorders. Immunophenotyping and genotyping may be helpful in difficult cases.
Papular xanthoma: a clinicopathological study of 10 cases
Authors: Breier Friedrich , Zelger Bettina , Reiter Harald , Gschnait Friedrich , Zelger Bernhard W. H. 
Published: March 2003

Background: Papular xanthoma (PX) is one of several clinicopathologic variants of normolipemic cutaneous non‐Langerhans cell histiocytoses (n‐LCH). PX represents a monomorphous reaction pattern of n‐LCH characterized by the presence of predominantly xanthomatized macrophages. Objective: The purpose of this study was to identify the clinical, histological and immunohistochemical characteristics of PX. Methods: A series of 10 cases of PX was identified and the results compared with the other histologic subtypes, namely the polymorphous and the remaining other monomorphous reaction patterns in n‐LCH. Results: In this clinicopathologic study, papular xanthoma presented clinically mainly as solitary papule, with a male to female ratio of4 : 1, in an age range from 13 to 57 years and a biphasic occurrence: in the young adolescence and middle ages. It was predominantly located on the trunk, the extremities, and rarely on the head. Clinically, PX was described as xanthoma, ‘cutaneous tumor’, but also as atheroma, keloid, histiocytoma, Spitz's nevus or clear cell acanthoma. Histology showed moderately well circumscribed exoendophytic papules with a regular epidermis and a dense infiltration of xanthomatized macrophages interspersed by numerous Touton type giant cells. Immunohistochemically mono‐ and multinucleated macrophages were consistently positive with KiM1p; while only giant cells were labeled with KP1 (CD68), the reactivity with HAM 56 was much more variable. Up to 50% of the xanthomatized cells labeled positive for the lectin peanut agglutinin. In one case the xanthomatized cells stained positive for CD34. Staining for factor XIIIa and CD1a were negative. Conclusions: This series confirms PX as a rare, but distinguished clinicopathologic entity in the spectrum of n‐LCH of the skin.
Rhabdomyomatous mesenchymal hamartoma: an unusual dermal entity with a report of two cases and a review of the literature
Authors: Rosenberg Arlene Sylvia , Kirk John , Morgan Michael B. 
Published: March 2003

Background: Rhabdomyomatous mesenchymal hamartoma (RMH) is a rare congenital lesion of the dermis and soft tissues consisting of a disordered and varied collection of mature adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, adnexal elements and nerve bundles. This entity exists under various names including striated muscle hamartoma, congenital midline hamartoma, and hamartoma of cutaneous adnexa and mesenchyme. Several published cases report the occurrence of RMH within the setting of other uncommon congenital abnormalities. Methods: We report the clinical and pathologic features of two cases of rhabdomyomatous mesenchymal hamartoma. Patient 1 is a 71‐year‐old man who presented for removal of a nodule located on his temple that had been traumatized during a recent haircut. Patient 2 is a 4‐month‐old infant with amnion rupture sequence and rare craniofacial abnormalities including facial clefts, microphthalmia, bilateral colobomas, and a mobile fingerlike projection above the left medial canthus. Results: Histological examination in both cases showed a deep dermal and subcutaneous fat collection of disorganized skeletal muscle fibers, adipose and neural tissue, and adnexal structures. Characteristically, the skeletal muscle approximated folliculosebaceous structures in a haphazard manner. Conclusions: RMH is a rare benign condition of the deep dermis and subcutaneous fat with only 22 cases existing in the English literature. To our knowledge, this is the first report of an elderly man presenting with RMH, presumptively present since birth. There was no evidence of cellular or malignant degeneration. While the etiology of RMH is unknown, possible explanations include aberrancy in the embryonic migration of mesodermally derived tissues or a genetic defect predisposing to the formation of hamartomas.
Primary cutaneous plasmacytoma: a clinicopathological study of two cases with a long‐term follow‐up and review of the literature
Authors: Kazakov Dmitry V. , Belousova Irena E. , Müller Beatrix , Palmedo Gabriele , Samtsov Alexey V. , Burg Günter , Kempf Werner 
Published: March 2003

Background:  Primary cutaneous plasmacytoma (PCP) is a rare type of cutaneous B‐cell lymphoma arising primarily in the skin and derived from clonally expanded plasma cells with a various degrees of maturation and atypia. The disease is rare with only 30 cases reported so far.Methods:  Two cases of PCP with long‐term follow‐up of 17 and 15 years are presented.Results and conclusions:  Both patients were men with nodular lesions on the face. Histologically, the lesions were composed predominantly of variably maturated plasma cells with monotypic expression of immunoglobulin (Ig) lambda chains. Polymerase chain reaction for IgH genes did not reveal clonal rearrangement. Our cases are discussed in the context of previously reported cases of PCP with a long‐term follow‐up. We also include a review of all cases of PCP with known tumor progression earlier in the course of the disease (local relapse or visceral spread) to determine the clinical course of this primary cutaneous lymphoma.
Microsatellite instability and immunostaining for MSH‐2 and MLH‐1 in cutaneous and internal tumors from patients with the Muir–Torre syndrome
Authors: Machin Pilar , Catasus Lluis , Pons Cristina , Muñoz Josefina , Conde‐Zurita Jose Maria , Balmaña Judith , Barnadas Maria , Martí Rosa M. , Prat Jaime , Matias‐Guiu Xavier 
Published: March 2003

Background:  Muir‐Torre syndrome (MTS) is characterized by the co‐existence of sebaceous gland tumors of the skin and internal malignancies. Currently, MTS is regarded as a variant of the hereditary non‐polyposis colon cancer syndrome (HNPCC). Both MTS and HNPCC are secondary to germline mutations in DNA mismatch repair genes (mainly MSH‐2 and MLH‐1).Methods:  Cutaneous (eight sebaceous adenomas, one sebaceous carcinoma and one keratoacanthoma) and internal tumors (four colonic adenocarcinomas, two endometrial carcinomas, two transitional cell carcinomas of renal pelvis and ureter, one adenocarcinoma of the small bowel, one ovarian carcinoma and one colonic tubular adenoma) were obtained from six patients with MTS and were subjected to microsatellite instability (MI) analysis, and to immunostaining for MLH‐1 and MSH‐2. MI was assessed by evaluating three (CA)n dinucleotide repeats (D2S123, D5S346, D17S250) and the mononucleotide tracts BAT 26 and BAT 25.Results:  All cutaneous and internal tumors exhibited MI. An immunohistochemical concordance between all tumors within each single patient was obtained in five cases. In these five patients all tumors exhibited a lack of MSH‐2 staining, consistent with a germline abnormality in this gene. In the one remaining case, the immunohistochemical staining in the sebaceous adenoma was negative for MLH‐1 and positive for MSH‐2, consistent with a germline alteration in MLH‐1. However, the colonic adenocarcinoma in that patient showed positivity for MSH‐2 and an equivocal positivity for MLH‐1.Conclusions: The results confirm that tumors from patients with MTS exhibit MI. Moreover, immunostaining for MLH‐1 and MSH‐2 may be useful to identify the most probable gene responsible for the disease in each family.
Immunoglobulin A‐associated lymphocytic vasculopathy: a clinicopathologic study of eight patients
Authors: Crowson A. Neil , Magro Cynthia M. , Usmani Arif , McNutt N. Scott 
Published: March 2003

Introduction: Cutaneous IgA‐associated vasculitis can be a clue to Henoch–Schönlein purpura (HSP), which typically comprises renal and gastrointestinal tract disease and arthritis, whereby prominent and predominant IgA deposits within the cutaneous vasculature provoke a pustular leukocytoclastic vasculitis.Design: We describe eight patients with a novel expression of a cutaneous IgA vascular injury syndrome, namely a lymphoid vasculopathy which clinically and light microscopically resembled a pigmentary purpura (PP) in six, and correlate direct immunofluorescence (DIF) and clinical features to light microscopy.Results: Among associated diseases were prior viral infection, an HSP symptom complex, an undifferentiated connective tissue disease syndrome, lupus erythematosus profundus (LEP), Degos' disease and Berger's disease. Skin lesions comprised non‐palpable petechial lesions involving lower extremities in all cases and also the upper extremities in two. A superficial perivascular lymphocytic infiltrate unaccompanied by vascular fibrin deposits was associated with prominent erythrocyte extravasation including into the epidermis. Mural and extravascular fibrin deposition was seen in one biopsy from a PP‐like lesion and mural fibrinoid necrosis was seen in the cases of LEP and Degos' disease; in biopsies from these three cases, the presence of fibrin deposition warranted use of the appellation ‘lymphocytic vasculitis’. In all patients, DIF showed prominent and predominant IgA deposits.Conclusions: A non‐necrotizing lymphocytic purpuric vascular reaction is one manifestation of vascular IgA deposition in the skin. A subpopulation of human lymphocytes bear surface Fc receptor and/or C3 receptors (‘complement receptor lymphocytes’) which can bind circulating immune complexes (ICs) or C3 generated via activation of the alternative complement cascade. Thus, circulating ICs are a potential pathogenic basis of this eruption, the histologic differential diagnosis of which is idiopathic PP and PP of drug or viral etiology.
Cutaneous sclerosing extramedullary hematopoietic tumor in chronic myelogenous leukemia
Authors: Lane Joshua E. , Walker Anna N. , Kulharya Anita , Marzec Tomasz 
Published: March 2003

Background:  Extramedullary hematopoiesis is a well‐documented manifestation of chronic myeloproliferative disorders, most commonly seen in chronic idiopathic myelofibrosis (agnogenic myeloid metaplasia), but rarely in chronic myelogenous leukemia. It typically occurs in the spleen and liver, but has also been described in skin. Microscopically, foci of extramedullary hematopoiesis consist of erythroid and myeloid precursors intermixed with megakaryocytes. The megakaryocytes may elaborate fibrogenic cytokines, which induce proliferation of fibroblasts. The term ‘sclerosing extramedullary hematopoietic tumor’ has been applied to this latter entity and its resemblance to a fibrohistiocytic neoplasm has been noted.Methods:  We report the case of a 66‐year‐old man, whose cutaneous sclerosing extramedullary hematopoietic tumor preceded the diagnosis of chronic myelogenous leukemia.
Fatty acid synthase expression in melanoma
Authors: Innocenzi D. , Alò P. L. , Balzani A. , Sebastiani V. , Silipo V. , La Torre G. , Ricciardi G. , Bosman C. , Calvieri S. 
Published: March 2003

Background: Fatty acid synthase (FAS), the key enzyme responsible for the synthesis of fatty acids, is weakly expressed in some normal human tissues. Recently, FAS has been demonstrated to be overexpressed in many non‐neoplastic highly proliferative lesions and in aggressive carcinomas with poor outcome, including colon, breast and ovary carcinomas. Methods: In order to evaluate the prognostic significance of FAS in human melanoma, we analysed by means of immunohistochemistry, using a monoclonal anti‐FAS antibody, 77 primary melanomas and 30 nodal and cutaneous metastasis. Thirty nevi (15 dermal and 15 junctional nevi) were used as controls. All patients were followed‐up for 5 years. Results: Thirty‐four melanomas expressed strong FAS immunostaining; the remaining 43 cases showed weak expression or were negative. All cutaneous and nodal metastasis were strongly positive. All patients with metastases deceased during the follow up period. Control specimens expressed weak staining. None of these patients developed recurrence. Statistical analysis revealed significant association of FAS expression with Breslow thickness (p = 0.012). The intensity of FAS immunostaining was also predictive of prognosis (p = 0.049). Conclusions: FAS is a reliable prognostic marker in human melanomas. FAS predictive strength is increased when associated with Breslow thickness. The observation of FAS in human melanomas may stratify patients for stricter follow‐ups and suggest different therapeutic approaches.