bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High‐pressure processing‐assisted in‐situ extraction of caffeine, chlorogenic acid, phenolic content, and antioxidant properties of green coffee bean
Authors: Baskaran Kamalapreetha , Radhakrishnan Mahendran 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis research aimed to efficiently extract valuable bioactive compounds from green coffee beans (GCBs), meeting the rising demand for natural compounds in the pharmaceutical and food industries. The study sought to overcome the limitations of conventional extraction techniques, such as low efficiency, prolonged processing, and heat‐sensitive compound degradation, by employing an eco‐friendly solvent and high‐pressure assisted extraction. Experiments were conducted at different pressure levels (300, 400, and 500 MPa), treatment times (10, 20, and 30 min), and using water, ethanol, and their combination (1:1) as solvents. The study evaluated the impact of these variables on radical scavenging activity (RSA), caffeine content, chlorogenic acid (CGA) levels, total phenolic content (TPC), pH, cyclic voltammetry, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. Results were compared with conventional extraction and untreated extracts. High‐pressure processing (HPP) significantly enhanced RSA, reaching a maximum of 94.872 ± 0.290%, except for ethanol extracts. CGA content decreased with increasing pressure, correlating with improved antioxidant activity. Caffeine content remained higher even at shorter treatment times (1.170 ± 0.131 mg/mL). The ethanolic extract at the lowest pressure and time yielded the highest TPC (74.130 ± 1.141 mg of GAE/mL). Importantly, pH showed no significant variations. SEM analysis revealed a denser microstructure in the residual green coffee powder. Voltammetric tests confirm potent antioxidant properties due to its polyphenolics oxidizing within the potential range. This study demonstrates HPP as an eco‐friendly method for extracting bioactive compounds from GCBs. It effectively addresses the limitations of conventional extraction techniques, offering a sustainable and efficient alternative.Practical applicationsHigh‐pressure‐assisted extraction is a novel method of extracting bioactives from natural products. The current study proposes the innovative approach to optimize the processing parameters for extracting the bioactives (total phenols, CGA, and caffeine) from the GCB under HPP with improved antioxidant properties. This greener approach of high‐pressure‐assisted extraction is an alternative method to conventional extraction. This can be achieved with limited time of extraction using water or ethanol:water as a prospective alternative solvent devoid of harmful chemicals to extract with higher natural antioxidant capacity. Also, extensive research on green coffee extracts has demonstrated that extracted bioactives find applications as functional ingredients, natural preservatives, and potential natural antioxidants in the pharmaceutical and food industries.
A serial cascade effect of cybervictimization and hostile rumination on the within‐person change of moral disengagement
Authors: Li Xiong , Xia Ling‐Xiang 
Published: February 2024

AbstractObjectiveThere is a lack of clarity regarding the developmental mechanisms underlying moral disengagement (a typical moral personality) at the within‐person level. To address this issue, we explore the serial cascade effect of cybervictimization and hostile rumination.MethodThe longitudinal relationships between cybervictimization, hostile rumination, and moral disengagement were explored among 1146 undergraduates, assessed four times (T1–T4) across 2 years.ResultsThe random intercept cross‐lagged panel model (RI‐CLPM) analysis revealed that the random intercepts of all variables were positively associated with each other. At the within‐person level, cybervictimization at T2 indirectly predicted subsequent changes in moral disengagement at T4 through changes in hostile rumination at T3 (the indirect effect was 0.02); furthermore, moral disengagement at T3 predicted changes in hostile rumination at T4 (β = 0.091).ConclusionsThe within‐person dynamics of moral disengagement should be partly due to the serial effect of cybervictimization and hostile rumination, whereas hostile rumination and moral disengagement may form a developmental cascade to some degree. These findings and the proposed serial cascade model of moral disengagement could expand our understanding of the developmental mechanism of moral personality. Additionally, caution must be exercised as this study exhibits seemingly small effect sizes and inconsistent results.
On the rocks: Biogeography and floristic identity of rocky ecosystems in eastern South America
Authors: Azevedo Luísa , Zappi Daniela Cristina , de Oliveira Daniela Melo Garcia , Meyer Leila , Nic Lughadha Eimear , Clegg Rosie , Meireles Leonardo Dias , de Melo Pablo Hendrigo Alves , Pennington R. Toby , Neves Danilo M. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe geodiversity of rocky ecosystems includes diverse plant communities with specific names, but their continental‐scale floristic identity and the knowledge on the role of macroclimate remain patchy. Here, we assessed the identity of plant communities in eastern Brazil across multiple types of rocky landscapes and evaluated the relative importance of climatic variables in constraining floristic differentiation. We provided lists of diagnostic species and an assessment of the conservation status of the identified floristic groups. We compiled a data set of 151 sites (4498 species) from rocky ecosystems, including campos rupestres, campos de altitude, granitic‐gneiss lowland inselbergs, and limestone outcrops. We used unsupervised clustering analysis followed by ANOSIM to assess floristic groups among sites. We performed a random forest variable selection to test whether the identified floristic groups occupy distinct climatic spaces. Six groups (lithobiomes) segregated floristically according to lithology and climate. Alongside campos de altitude and limestone outcrops, inselbergs were divided according to the biome in which they occur (Atlantic Forest or Caatinga), and campos rupestres were largely segregated according to their lithological matrix (ironstone or quartzitic). Plant communities of Caatinga inselbergs were more similar to limestone outcrops, while Atlantic Forest inselbergs communities resembled campos de altitude. The composition of plant communities on outcrops seems to be largely constrained by lithology, but climatic factors are also meaningful for sites with similar lithology. The current network of protected areas does not cover these unique ecosystems and their floristic heterogeneity, with Caatinga inselbergs and limestone outcrops being the least protected.
Risk of major adverse liver outcomes among first‐degree relatives of individuals with MASLD
Authors: Yang Wen , Ebrahimi Fahim , Romeo Stefano , Holmer Magnus , Vessby Johan , Ekstedt Mattias , Ludvigsson Jonas F. , Shang Ying , Hagström Hannes 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackground & AimsPrevious studies have suggested an increased risk of major adverse liver outcomes (MALO) in relatives of patients with metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). However, granular and longitudinal evidence is lacking on the future risk of MALO among family members of individuals with MASLD.MethodsWe identified 3526 first‐degree relatives (FDRs) and 11 079 general population comparators to 1328 patients with MASLD diagnosed between 1974 and 2021, with detailed clinical data, including liver histology in 71% of patients. MALO was defined through diagnostic coding for cirrhosis or its complications. Cox regression models were used to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) for MALO among FDRs compared to general population comparators. Cumulative incidence accounting for competing risks was calculated.ResultsDuring a median follow‐up of 13.4 years, there were 65 (2%, 1.12/1000 person‐years) and 225 (2%, 1.26/1000 person‐years) MALO events in FDRs and general population comparators respectively. After adjusting for demographic factors and comorbidities, FDRs were at no increased risk of MALO (aHR = 0.99, 95% CI: 0.74–1.33). Increased relative rates of MALOs were, however, observed in some subgroups, including parents, although absolute risk estimates were low and comparable to the general population.ConclusionsFDRs of patients with MASLD did not have a higher rate of incident MALO than the general population. Since the absolute risk of MALO in relatives of patients with MASLD was low, these results do not support systematic screening of MASLD‐related fibrosis in relatives of patients with MASLD.
Coalition Governance under Separation of Powers: Shadowing by Committee in Coalitional Presidentialism
Authors: Alberdingk Thijm Joris 
Published: February 2024

AbstractDo coalition parties in presidential systems shadow one another with an eye on reducing agency loss? Our knowledge of intra‐coalitional delegation under presidentialism remains limited to a few case studies. This article addresses that question using an original data set of committee chairs in eight multiparty presidential systems around the world. It shows that shadowing—the appointment of chairs from one coalition party to committees overseeing portfolios controlled by another coalition party—is a function of the degree of agency loss the coalition expects to a specific party, operationalized in terms of ideological distance as well as the salience of portfolios. However, the data also tentatively suggest that powerful committees reduce rather than increase the incidence of shadowing, which may be attributed to the risk of intraparty agency loss under separation of powers.
Risk Factors of Hidden Blood Loss in Unilateral Biportal Endoscopic Surgery for Patients with Lumbar Spinal Stenosis
Authors: Guo Sheng , Yu Zhiyong , Wang Chenglong , Zhong Mingqiang , Wang Rui , Hu Yechang , Wang Chunling , Li Sen 
Published: February 2024

ObjectiveUnilateral biportal endoscopic (UBE) surgery has recently been used as a minimally invasive procedure for the treatment of lumbar spinal stenosis and is associated with less perioperative blood loss. However, perioperative hidden blood loss (HBL) may be neglected during UBE. This study aimed to examine the volume of HBL and discuss the influential risk factors for HBL during unilateral biportal endoscopic surgery.MethodsFrom January 2022 to August 2022, 51 patients underwent percutaneous unilateral biportal endoscopic surgery for lumbar spinal stenosis at the Department of Spinal Surgery of the Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University and were enrolled in this study. The data included general indicators (age, sex and body mass index [BMI]), underlying disease (hypertension and diabetes), laboratory test results (prothrombin time [PT], activated partial thromboplastin time [APTT], fibrinogen [Fbg]), and preoperative and postoperative hematocrit and hemoglobin), related imaging parameters (severity of intervertebral disc [IVD] degeneration and soft tissue thickness of the interlaminar approach), number of operated vertebrae and operation time. Total blood loss (TBL) and HBL during surgical procedures were measured via the Gross formula. Influential factors were further analyzed by multivariate linear regression analysis and t‐tests.ResultsThe mean HBL was 257.89 ± 190.66 mL for single‐operation patients and 296.58 ± 269.75 mL for two‐operation patients. Patients with lower PT (p = 0.044), deeper tissue thickness (p = 0.047), and diabetes mellitus were determined to have more HBL during UBE. The operation time might also be an important factor (p = 0.047). However, sex (p = 0.265), age (p = 0.771/0.624), BMI (p = 0.655/0.664), APTT (p = 0.545/0.751), degree of degenerated IVD (p = 0.932/0.477), and hypertension (p = 0.356/0.896) were not related to HBL.ConclusionThis study determined the different influential factors of HBL during UBE. PT, tissue thickness, and diabetes mellitus are the independent risk factors that affect HBL incidence. Long PT may decrease the volume of HBL within a certain range. Tissue thickness and diabetes mellitus can lead to an increased volume of HBL.
Dexamethasone Induced Osteocyte Apoptosis in Steroid‐Induced Femoral Head Osteonecrosis through ROS‐Mediated Oxidative Stress
Authors: Zhang Xinglong , Yang Zhenhuan , Xu Qian , Xu Chunlei , Shi Wei , Pang Ran , Zhang Kai , Liang Xinyu , Li Hui , Li Zhijun , Zhang Huafeng 
Published: February 2024

ObjectiveGlucocorticoid (GC) overuse is strongly associated with steroid‐induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head (SINFH). However, the underlying mechanism of SINFH remains unclear. This study aims to investigate the effect of dexamethasone (Dex)‐induced oxidative stress on osteocyte apoptosis and the underlying mechanisms.MethodsTen patients with SINFH and 10 patients with developmental dysplasia of the hips (DDH) were enrolled in our study. Sixty rats were randomly assigned to the Control, Dex, Dex + N‐Acetyl‐L‐cysteine (NAC), Dex + Dibenziodolium chloride (DPI), NAC, and DPI groups. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to examine edema in the femoral head of rats. Histopathological staining was performed to assess osteonecrosis. Immunofluorescence staining with TUNEL and 8‐OHdG was conducted to evaluate osteocyte apoptosis and oxidative damage. Immunohistochemical staining was carried out to detect the expression of NOX1, NOX2, and NOX4. Viability and apoptosis of MLO‐Y4 cells were measured using the CCK‐8 assay and TUNEL staining. 8‐OHdG staining was conducted to detect oxidative stress. 2′,7′‐Dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH‐DA) staining was performed to measure reactive oxygen species (ROS). The expression of NOX1, NOX2, and NOX4 in MLO‐Y4 cells was analyzed by Western blotting. Multiple comparisons were performed using one‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA).ResultsIn patients and the rat model, hematoxylin–eosin (HE) staining revealed a significantly higher rate of empty lacunae in the SINFH group than in the DDH group. Immunofluorescence staining indicated a significant increase in TUNEL‐positive cells and 8‐OHdG‐positive cells in the SINFH group compared to the DDH group. Immunohistochemical staining demonstrated a significant increase in the expression of NOX1, NOX2, and NOX4 proteins in SINFH patients compared to DDH patients. Moreover, immunohistochemical staining showed a significant increase in the proportion of NOX2‐positive cells compared to the Control group in the femoral head of rats. In vitro, Dex significantly inhibited the viability of osteocyte cells and induced apoptosis. After Dex treatment, the intracellular ROS level increased. However, Dex treatment did not alter the expression of NOX proteins in vitro. Additionally, NAC and DPI inhibited the generation of intracellular ROS and partially alleviated osteocyte apoptosis in vivo and in vitro.ConclusionThis study demonstrates that GC promotes apoptosis of osteocyte cells through ROS‐induced oxidative stress. Furthermore, we found that the increased expression of NOXs induced by GC serves as an important source of ROS generation.
Treatment of congenital Langerhans cell histiocytosis with cobimetinib
Authors: Benjelloun Ghita , Roquet‐Gravy Charlotte , Marot Liliane , Secco Léo‐Paul , Roquet‐Gravy Pierre‐Paul , Baeck Marie , Bulinckx Audrey 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWe report a case of congenital multisystem Langerhans cell histiocytosis with cutaneous and hematopoietic involvement. After the failure of first‐line (vinblastine and prednisolone) and second‐line (vincristine and cytarabine) therapies, treatment with cobimetinib, a mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MEK) inhibitor, led to the remission of disease and a sustained response after 11 months of ongoing treatment. Protein kinase inhibitors targeting BRAF or MEK could represent a promising future therapeutic option, also in children with LCH.
TNF blockers alone and associated with Benznidazole impact in vitro cytokine dynamics in chronic Chagas disease
Authors: Torres Diego José Lira , dos Santos Oliveira Kamila Kássia , da Silva Barros Michelle , Moreira Leyllane Rafael , de Freitas Firmino Luciane , da Piedade Costa Reis de Albuquerque Maria , da Glória Aureliano Melo Cavalcante Maria , Martins Sílvia Marinho , de Oliveira Junior Wilson Alves , da Silva Rabello Michelle Christiane , de Lorena Virginia Maria Barros 
Published: February 2024

AbstractStudies involving the immune response in Chagas disease suggest an imbalance in the immune response of symptomatic patients, with an inflammatory profile dominating in Chagas heart disease, mainly by tumour necrosis factor (TNF). TNF is considered a key cytokine in immunopathology in chronic carriers in several processes during the immune response. Our work aimed to evaluate regulatory (interleukin [IL]‐4 and IL‐10) and inflammatory (TNF, interferon‐gamma [IFN‐γ], IL‐2 and IL‐6) cytokines in peripheral blood mononuclear cells culture supernatants. of affected patients with undetermined clinical forms—IND (n = 13) mild heart form—CARD1 (n = 13) and severe cardiac form—CARD2 (n = 16), treated in vitro with two TNF blockers, Adalimumab (ADA) and Etanercept (ETA) alone or in association with Benznidazole (BZ). The results indicate that ADA was more competent in blocking TNF (compared to ETA) in all groups but with much lower levels in the CARD2 group. ETA statistically decreased TNF levels only in the CARD2 group. IFN‐γ increased in the CARD2 group after treatment with ETA relative to ADA. IL‐4 had its levels decreased when treated by both drugs. IL‐2 was detected in cells from CARD2 carriers compared to the NEG group after treatment with both drugs. The association with BZ decreased levels of IL‐2/TNF and increased IL‐4. These data reinforce the participation of TNF in severe Chagas heart disease and bring perspectives on using these blockers in the immunological treatment of Chagas disease since the use of BZ is extremely limited in these patients.
The global distribution of special needs dentistry across dental school curricula
Authors: Scepanovic Tamara , Mati Sarah , Ming Anna L. C. , Yeo Priscilla Y. S. , Nguyen David , Aria Massimo , D'aniello Luca , Fung Desmond , Muriithi Elizabeth , Mamgain Asha , Zihao Wu , Zeng Jin Han , Nichols Andrew , McCullough Michael , Lim Mathew A. W. , Wylie Michael , Yap Tami , Paolini Rita , Celentano Antonio 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIntroductionSpecial needs dentistry (SND) is an emerging dental specialty, with ongoing developments in education and clinical practice focused towards the tailored management of individuals with special needs (SN). Patients with SN have a higher prevalence of oral diseases and unmet dental needs compared to the general population. Although inadequate training and experience in managing patients with SN has been highlighted as a significant barrier to accessing care, there is limited data about the extent of SND teaching at the entry‐to‐practice or higher levels.MethodsThis work is the first to map SND curricula globally, across 180 countries and 1265 dental schools.ResultsAlthough 74.62% of dental schools were found in developing economies, the distribution of programs that reported SND in their courses was highly skewed towards developed countries. In terms of advanced degrees, beyond basic entry‐to‐practice training, the USA delivered 60% of the SND programs, followed by Canada (15.56%), UK (13.33%), and Australia (8.89%). The term SND appeared in 33.95% of entry‐to‐practice level program curricula and was less commonly used in transitioning economies. Only 112 SND‐specialized practitioners enter the workforce globally each year from developed economies, and all but three advanced degrees are found in G7 countries.ConclusionBy exploring the impact of economic status on its distribution, this paper highlighted the lack of SND representation in dental curricula, especially amongst programs in transitioning or developing economies. Education of both general dentists and specialists is critical as a collaborative effort is needed to manage the growing population of patients with SN.
Distinct genetic clusters in HIV-1 CRF01_AE-infected patients induced variable degrees of CD4
+
T-cell loss
Authors: Li Kang , Chen Huanhuan , Li Jianjun , Feng Yi , Liang Shujia , Rashid Abdur , Liu Meiliang , Li Sisi , Chu Qingfei , Ruan Yuhua , Xing Hui , Lan Guanghua , Qiao Wentao , Shao Yiming 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

CRF01_AE strains have been shown to form multiple transmission clusters in China, and some clusters have disparate pathogenicity in Chinese men who have sex with men. This study focused on other CRF01_AE clusters prevalent in heterosexual populations. The CD4
+
T-cell counts from both cross-section data in National HIV Molecular Epidemiology Survey and seropositive cohort data were used to evaluate the pathogenicity of the CRF01_AE clusters and other HIV-1 sub-types. Their mechanisms of pathogenicity were evaluated by co-receptor tropisms, predicted by genotyping and confirmed with virus isolate phenotyping, as well as inflammation parameters. Our research elucidated that individuals infected with CRF01_AE clusters 1 and 2 exhibited significantly lower baseline CD4
+
T-cell counts and greater CD4
+
T-cell loss in cohort follow-up, compared with other HIV-1 sub-types and CRF01_AE clusters. The increased pathogenesis of cluster 1 or 2 was associated with higher CXCR4 tropisms, higher inflammation/immune activation, and increased pyroptosis. The protein structure modeling analysis revealed that the envelope V3 loop of clusters 1 and 2 viruses is favorable for CXCR4 co-receptor usage. Imbedded with the most mutating reverse transcriptase, HIV-1 is one of the most variable viruses. CRF01_AE clusters 1 and 2 have been found to have evolved into more virulent strains in regions with predominant heterosexual infections. The virulent strains increased the pressure for early diagnosis and treatment in HIV patients. To save more lives, HIV-1 surveillance systems should be upgraded from serology and genotyping to phenotyping, which could support precision interventions for those infected by virulent viruses.

IMPORTANCE

Retroviruses swiftly adapt, employing error-prone enzymes for genetic and phenotypic evolution, optimizing survival strategies, and enhancing virulence levels. HIV-1 CRF01_AE has persistently undergone adaptive selection, and cluster 1 and 2 infections display lower counts and fast loss of CD4
+
T cells than other HIV-1 sub-types and CRF01_AE clusters. Its mechanisms are associated with increased CXCR4 tropism due to an envelope structure change favoring a tropism shift from CCR5 to CXCR4, thereby shaping viral phenotype features and impacting pathogenicity. This underscores the significance of consistently monitoring HIV-1 genetic evolution and phenotypic transfer to see whether selection bias across risk groups alters the delicate balance of transmissible versus toxic trade-offs, since virulent strains such as CRF01_AE clusters 1 and 2 could seriously compromise the efficacy of antiviral treatment. Only through such early warning and diagnostic services can precise antiviral treatments be administered to those infected with more virulent HIV-1 strains.