bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Uniwersalny zakres etyki cnót i wad
Authors: Mrozek Michał 
Published: February 2025

DEFINICJA POJĘCIA: Autorzy dokumentu Międzynarodowej Komisji Teologicznej W poszukiwaniu etyki uniwersalnej: nowe spojrzenie na prawo naturalne proponują, aby patrzeć na uszczegółowienie prawa naturalnego przez pryzmat moralności cnót. Tego rodzaju podejście inspiruje się aretologią św. Tomasza z Akwinu.
ANALIZA HISTORYCZNA POJĘCIA: Koncepcja cnót i wad sięga starożytnej Grecji. Chrześcijaństwo przejęło tę tradycję i poszerzyło ją o cnoty teologalne. Święty Tomasz rozróżnił dokładniej cnoty na poziomie naturalnego działania człowieka oraz cnoty powiązane z nadprzyrodzonym darem łaski. O ile cnoty teologalne pozostają zależne od Bożego objawienia, o tyle cnoty kardynalne mogą być zarówno darem łaski, jak i owocem naturalnej pracy nad sobą.
UJĘCIE PROBLEMOWE POJĘCIA: Wolność, prawo i cnoty wydają się przynależeć do odrębnych porządków. U św. Tomasza stanowią one jednak ściśle powiązaną ze sobą i spójną całość. Servais Pinckaers w przejrzysty sposób wyjaśnia historyczne transformacje tych pojęć oraz ich wzajemnych korelacji. Pozwala to dostrzec w cnotach głębszy sens wolności oraz nadrzędną celowość prawa.
REFLEKSJA SYSTEMATYCZNA Z WNIOSKAMI I REKOMENDACJAMI: Istnieje poważne ryzyko odczytywania dawnych systemów moralnych przez pryzmat obcych im założeń. Świadomość zmiany paradygmatu pozwala na głębsze zrozumienie nie tylko uwarunkowań i założeń dawnych systemów moralnych, lecz także współczesnych. Estetyczny wymiar piękna cnotliwego działania oraz brzydoty wad stanowił integralny element starożytnej i średniowiecznej refleksji moralnej. Odnowienie tego rodzaju refleksji może pomóc w dialogu z ludźmi dobrej woli należącymi do różnych tradycji religijnych i kulturowych.
Ekonomia międzynarodowa: pojęcie, obszary i metody badawcze
Authors: Wach Krzysztof 
Published: February 2025

DEFINICJA POJĘCIA: Ekonomia międzynarodowa to obszar ekonomii badający wzajemne relacje ekonomiczne między poszczególnymi gospodarkami (krajami) i wpływ tych relacji na sytuację gospodarczą na świecie i wewnątrz poszczególnych gospodarek, a także badający zachowania poszczególnych podmiotów w procesach internacjonalizacji i globalizacji. Innymi słowy ekonomia międzynarodowa bada przyczyny i skutki wymiany towarów, usług, kapitału i pracy między państwami oraz regulacje, które wpływają na tę wymianę, a także zachowania poszczególnych podmiotów biorących udział w tych procesach.
ANALIZA HISTORYCZNA POJĘCIA: Ekonomia międzynarodowa jako obszar badawczy została wyodrębniona na początku XX wieku, swój rozkwit zanotowała jednak po II wojnie światowej, wraz z rozwojem i liberalizacją handlu międzynarodowego. Istotną rolę w rozwoju ekonomii międzynarodowej zwłaszcza w wymiarze praktycznym (a nie tylko teoretycznym) odegrały rozwój technologii informacyjno-komunikacyjnych, wzrastająca współzależność gospodarcza poszczególnych gospodarek, a także integracja gospodarcza w różnych zakątkach świata.
UJĘCIE PROBLEMOWE POJĘCIA: Ekonomia międzynarodowa stosuje te same podstawowe metody badawcze co inne gałęzie ekonomii, choć ma swoją własną specyfikę badawczą. Różnorodność metod badawczych, od metod ilościowych po metody jakościowe, od modeli teoretycznych (analizy deskryptywne), przez modele statystyczne i ekonometryczne (analizy empiryczne), aż po zaawansowane symulacje i eksperymenty, pozwala ekonomistom na dogłębne zrozumienie procesów gospodarczych zachodzących na arenie międzynarodowej.
REFLEKSJA SYSTEMATYCZNA Z WNIOSKAMI I REKOMENDACJAMI: Ekonomia międzynarodowa odgrywa istotną rolę nie tylko w sferze akademickiej (jako obszar badań), ale również w polityce i praktyce gospodarczej (biznes międzynarodowy oraz polityka ekonomiczna), pomagając krajom i przedsiębiorstwom podejmować świadome decyzje w zglobalizowanym świecie. Dalszy rozwój ekonomii międzynarodowej jako subdyscypliny naukowej i pogłębianie wiedzy na temat międzynarodowych zjawisk gospodarczych i biznesowych są niezbędne, aby móc efektywnie reagować na wyzwania współczesnego świata, takie jak zmiany klimatyczne, migracje międzynarodowe, kryzysy finansowe i zadłużeniowe czy rosnące napięcia handlowe (protekcjonizm, subsydia, sankcje).
The Assessment of Serum Cytokeratin 18 and Liver Function Tests in Chronic hepatitis B patients.
Authors: Zinah Abbass Ali  , Hawraa Mudheher Kadhim  , Shammar Samar Hasan , Najm Zainab mohsen 
Published: February 2025

Background
Chronic hepatitis is a clinical and pathological disorder, some biochemical testes like serum Alanine Amino-transferase (ALT), Aspartate Amino-transferase (AST) and total serum bilirubin (TSB) used to monitoring hepatitis diseases. Albumin levels in serum fall with liver disease progression, representing decreased synthesis. Prothrombin time evaluate the level of converted prothrombin to thrombin and this represent the synthetic function of the liver. In acute on chronic liver
Disease non apoptotic pattern of cell death is predominant .It is confirmed by cleaved K18. Cytokeratin 18 was measured by ELISA
Objectives: This study aimed to measure the ALT ,AST ,TSB, Albumin ,PT and K18 levels inthe serum of Iraqi patients who were having Liver disease And study the correlation between the variables mentioned above

Materials and Methods: The study included approximately One hundred subjects, ages 20 to 60 year, who were split into two groups , Fifty patient with chronic hepatitisB virus,The second group comprises of 50 subjects who look to be in good health and serves as the control group.

Results
Serum levels of ALT, AST, TSB, PT and albumin displayed a significant increase in chronic hepatitis B virus group compare with control group .

Also, the current study revealed non-significant association of liver function tests with different age groups, except total serum Bilirubin values decline significantly with increasing age, and there was a significant gender difference in AST concentration. While, there was non-significant gender difference in further liver parameters.
Conclusion
Among chronic hepatitis B patientin Babylon province, abnormality of liver function tests in different age and gender groups; indicat the significant linke with the development of chronic hepatitis B virus.
Subjective Assessment of Sleep Quality, Prevalence and Determinants of Sleep Disorders among Students in Health Science in Burkina Faso, Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: OUEDRAOGO Nafi  , KERE Mouhammed Yacine  , SOURABIE Adama  , SEMPORE Wendsèndaté Yves  , KYELEM Carole Gilberte  , MILLOGO Athanase  , ABRAHAM Pierre  
Published: February 2025

Background: Sleep is crucial for both mental and physical well-being of the general population. Various factors can influence sleep quality and induce sleep disorders in students, a population that is insufficiently studied in the context of Burkina Faso. Objective: To assess sleep quality and determine the prevalence and factors associated with sleep disorders among students at the “Institut Supérieur des Sciences de la Santé” (INSSA) in Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso.Method: This was a descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study among INSSA students during from 11th April to 30th July 2023. Self-completed questionnaires based on the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the sleep diary and the Epworth sleepiness scale were used.Results: A total of 406 students with a mean age of 21.9±1.7 years and a sex ratio of 1.05 were included. Sleep quality was poor (PSQI score >5) in 79.80% of the students, 50.49% had sleep disorders: insomnia (35.96%), daytime sleepiness (17.98%), obstructive sleep apnoea/hypopnoea syndromes (5.42%). The main determinants of these sleep disorders were age<22 years, female gender, BMI>25 kg/m2, telephone and reading at bedtime, coffee, tea, alcohol consumption, physical inactivity and nocturnal disturbance (p<0.05).
Conclusion: The prevalence of poor quality sleep and sleep disorders is high among health sciences students, with many factors associated with sleep disorders.
The Influence Of Service Quality On Patient Satisfaction At Rsia Aisyiyah Samarinda, East Kalimantan
Authors: Jubaidi Jubaidi , Salsabila Audi Aisyah , Lestari Audya Shoffy Hadi , Larassati Aura Dira 
Published: February 2025

Patient satisfaction is one indicator of the quality of the services provided by the hospital. Service quality can be reflected through five dimensions of service quality, namely tangible, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, and empathy. If the services provided by the hospital to patients are felt to be in line with expectations or even exceed expectations, then patient satisfaction can be said to be achieved. Patient satisfaction is part of the sustainability of the hospital itself, so the aim of this research is to assess the influence of service quality on patient satisfaction at RSIA Aisyiyah Samarinda, East Kalimantan. The data analyzed came from questionnaires distributed to 100 patients. Data analysis used multiple linear regression analysis using the SPSS 22 program. The results showed that simultaneously all independent variables had a significant effect on patient satisfaction, while partially only tangible and reliability variables had a significant effect on patient satisfaction, while responsiveness, assurance and empathy partially does not have a significant effect on patient satisfaction at RSIA Aisyiyah.
القيادة الذكية وتأثيرها في تحسين الاداء الاستراتيجي السياحي - دراسة استطلاعية لآراء عينه من الموظفين في هيئة السياحة العراقية
Authors: غضاب حسن , جاسم علي 
Published: February 2025

يهدف البحث الى معرفة تأثير القيادة الذكية بأبعادها (الرؤية الاستراتيجية، وضع الاهداف, المشاركة في صنع القرارات، التفاعل) في الاداء الاستراتيجي السياحي لعينه من الموظفين في هيئة السياحة العراقية فضلاً عن معرفة مستوى تطبيق كل منهما وابعاده، فحددت مشكلة البحث في عدة تساؤلات (ابرزها ما مستوى علاقة التأثير للقيادة الذكية والاداء الاستراتيجي السياحي ولأجل ذلك وضع الباحثون مخطط فرضي، فضلاً عن فرضيات البحث، واخضعت جميعها لاختبارات التأكد من مدى صحتها، وقد استعمل الباحثون الاستبانة كوسيلة رئيسة لجمع البيانات، وقد وظف المنهج الوصفي التحليلي الاستطلاعي كمنهج للبحث، لاستقصاء اراء العينة (95) مشاهدة من الموظفين في هيئة السياحة العراقية وقد جرى تحليل البيانات باستعمال حزمة التحليل الإحصائي (SPSSV.25) ووظفت مجموعة من الأساليب الإحصائية منها (الانحراف المعياري والوسط الحسابي والاهمية النسبية وغيرها ) لاستخراج النتائج، ومن أهم النتائج التي توصل اليها البحث هو وجود تأثير ايجابي للقيادة الذكية بأبعادها في الاداء الاستراتيجي السياحي، وبشكل عام حاول البحث الإجابة عن التساؤل الآتي:
-	ما هو دور القيادة الذكية في تحسين الاداء الاستراتيجي السياحي.
Analysis the Supreme Court Decision and the Constitutional Court Decision Regarding the Age Limit for Regional Head Candidates
Authors: Bobby Thyas Erlangga  , Karlina D. Bangas  , Ivans Januardy  
Published: February 2025

This study purpose to analyze a decision made by Constitutional Court Number 70/PUU-XXII/2024 and the decision made by Supreme Court Number 23 P/HUM/2024 Relate to the age limit for a region head candidates. In the context of the hierarchy of norms in Indonesia, the dualism of authority to examine laws and regulations by the Supreme Court and the Constitutional Court often leads to conflicts of substance. The study used in this research is a type of normative juridical research method by approaching the law and case studies to assess whether there is a conflict of norms and legal vacuum. The results show that there are differences in interpretation between the two institutions regarding the minimum age of candidates for regional heads, which has an impact on legal uncertainty. To overcome this problem, it is necessary to reform the mechanism for testing statutory instruments, including the proposal for a single test at the Constitutional Court or the addition of norms to the Supreme Court Law regarding the validity of decisions in the event of changes in statutory norms. Research with the title analysis of this is expected to be a contribution to the optimization of the legal system in Indonesia.
Revised Masses for Low-density Planets Orbiting the Disordered M-dwarf System TOI-1266
Authors: Tyler Dakotah , Petigura Erik A. , Rogers James , Lubin Jack , Seifhart Andreas , Bean Jacob L. , Brady Madison , Luque Rafael 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We present an analysis of 126 new radial velocity measurements from the MAROON-X spectrograph to investigate the TOI-1266 system, which hosts two known transiting sub-Neptunes at 10.8 and 18.8 days. We integrated our measurements with existing HARPS-N measurements for this system and derived revised masses for TOI-1266 b and c of M

b
= 4.09 ± 0.45M
⊕ and M

c
= 2.64 ± 0.52M
⊕, respectively. The Keplerian fit from the combined datasets enabled an ≈35% and ≈41% improvement in mass precision for planet b and c, respectively, compared to the previously published values. With bulk densities of ρ

b
= 1.25 ± 0.21 g cm−3 and ρ

c
= 1.51 ± 0.39 g cm−3, the planets are among the lowest density sub-Neptunes orbiting an M dwarf. They are both consistent with rocky cores surrounded by hydrogen helium envelopes. TOI-1266 c may also be consistent with a water-rich composition, but we disfavor that interpretation from an Occam's razor perspective.
Strong-lensing Analysis of SPT-CL J2325−4111 and SPT-CL J0049−2440, Two Powerful Cosmic Telescopes (RE > 40″) from the SPT Clusters Sample
Authors: Mahler Guillaume , Sharon Keren , Bayliss Matthew , Bleem Lindsey. E. , Brodwin Mark , Floyd Benjamin , Gassis Raven , Gladders Michael D. , Khullar Gourav , Remolina González Juan D. , Sarkar Arnab 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We report the results from a study of two massive (M
500c
> 6.0 × 1014
M
⊙) strong-lensing clusters selected from the South Pole Telescope cluster survey for their large Einstein radius (R
E > 40″), SPT-CL J2325−4111 and SPT-CL J0049−2440. Ground-based and shallow Hubble Space Telescope (HST) imaging indicated extensive strong-lensing evidence in these fields, with giant arcs spanning 18″ and 31″, respectively, motivating further space-based imaging follow-up. Here, we present multiband HST imaging and ground-based Magellan spectroscopy of the fields, from which we compile detailed strong-lensing models. The lens models of SPT-CL J2325−4111 and SPT-CL J0049−2440 were optimized using nine and eight secure multiply imaged systems with a final image-plane rms of 0

.

″

63 and 0

.

″

73, respectively. From the lensing analysis, we measure a projected mass density within 500 kpc of M(<500 kpc) = (7.30 ± 0.07) × 1014
M
⊙ and

M
(
<
500

kpc
)
=
7.1

2

−
0.19

+
0.16

×
1

0
14

M
⊙ for these two clusters, and subhalo mass ratios of 0.12 ± 0.01 and

0.2

1

−
0.05

+
0.07

, respectively. Both clusters produce a large area with high magnification (μ ≥ 3) for a source at z = 9,

A

|
μ
|

≥
3

lens

=
4.9

3

−
0.04

+
0.03

arcmin2 and

A

|
μ
|

≥
3

lens

=
3.6

4

−
0.10

+
0.14

arcmin2, respectively, placing them in the top tier of strong-lensing clusters. We conclude that these clusters are spectacular sightlines for further observations that will reduce the systematic uncertainties due to cosmic variance. This paper provides the community with two additional well-calibrated cosmic telescopes, as strong as the Frontier Fields and suitable for studies of the highly magnified background Universe.
Analysis of the Internal Radial Gradient of Chemical Abundances in Spiral Galaxies from CALIFA
Authors: Cardoso A. F. S. , Cavichia O. , Mollá M. , Sánchez-Menguiano L. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The study of chemical evolution is of paramount importance for understanding the evolution of galaxies. Models and observations propose an inside-out mechanism in the formation of spiral galaxy disks, implying a negative radial gradient of elemental abundances when represented on a logarithmic scale. However, in some instances, the observed chemical abundance gradients deviate from a single negative straight line, revealing inner drops or outer flattenings, particularly in more massive galaxies. This study analyzes oxygen abundance gradients in spiral galaxies based on observations from the Calar Alto Legacy Integral Field Area survey. Our focus is specifically on examining oxygen abundance gradient profiles, as obtained with data from H ii regions, with a special emphasis on the inner radial gradient. We employ an automated fitting procedure to establish correlations between the physical properties of galaxies and bulges and the presence of these inner drops, seeking potential explanations for these variations in gradient. We find that the different criteria used in the literature to distinguish H ii regions from other ionization sources in the galaxies, such as active galactic nuclei, significantly impact the results, potentially altering abundance gradient profiles and uncovering galaxies with distinct inner drops. Additionally, we analyze the abundance radial gradients to investigate the impact of diffuse ionized gas (DIG) decontamination on oxygen abundances over these inner drops. We observe that DIG, concentrated mainly in the central regions of galaxies, can modify oxygen abundance gradient profiles if left unaddressed.
Signatures of Core-envelope Rotational Misalignment in the Mixed-mode Asteroseismology of Kepler-56
Authors: Ong 王 J. M. Joel 加冕 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Existing asteroseismic rotational measurements assume that stars rotate around a single axis. However, tidal torques from misaligned companions, or their possible engulfment, may bring the rotational axis of a star's envelope out of alignment with its core, breaking azimuthal symmetry. I derive perturbative expressions for asteroseismic signatures of such hitherto unexamined rotational configurations, under the “shellular approximation” of constant rotation rates on radially stratified mass shells. In the aligned case, the distribution of power between multiplet components is determined by the inclination of the rotational axis; radial differential misalignment causes this to vary from multiplet to multiplet. I examine in particular detail the phenomenology of gravitoacoustic mixed modes as seen in evolved sub- and red giants, where near-resonance avoided crossings may break geometrical degeneracies. Upon applying the revised asteroseismic observational methodology that results from this theoretical discussion to revisit Kepler-56—a red giant with a misaligned planetary system—I find that its core and envelope rotate around different rotational axes. While the rotational axis of its core is indeed misaligned from the orbit normal of its transiting planets (consistently with earlier studies), its envelope's rotational axis is close to lying in the sky plane, and may well be aligned with them. More detailed asteroseismic modeling, and spectroscopic follow-up, will be required to fully elucidate the full spin–orbit geometry of the Kepler-56 system, and potentially discriminate between hypotheses for how it formed.
Asymmetries and Circumstellar Interaction in the Type II SN 2024bch
Authors: Andrews Jennifer E. , Shrestha Manisha , Bostroem K. Azalee , Dong 董 Yize 一泽 , Pearson Jeniveve , Fausnaugh M. M. , Sand David J. , Valenti S. , Ravi Aravind P. , Hoang Emily , Hosseinzadeh Griffin , Ilyin Ilya , Janzen Daryl , Lundquist M. J. , Meza Nicolás , Smith Nathan , Jha Saurabh W. , Andrews Moira , Farah Joseph , Padilla Gonzalez Estefania , Howell D. Andrew , McCully Curtis , Newsome Megan , Pellegrino Craig , Terreran Giacomo , Wiggins Patrick , Hsu Brian , Christy Collin T. , Franz Noah , Wang Xiaofeng , Liu Jialian , Chen Liyang 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We present a comprehensive multi-epoch photometric and spectroscopic study of SN 2024bch, a nearby (19.9 Mpc) Type II supernova (SN) with prominent early high-ionization emission lines. Optical spectra from 2.8 days after the estimated explosion reveal narrow lines of H i, He ii, C iv, and N iv that disappear by day 6. High-cadence photometry from the ground and Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite show that the SN brightened quickly and reached a peak M

V
~ −17.8 mag within a week of explosion, and late-time photometry suggests a 56Ni mass of 0.050 M
⊙. High-resolution spectra from days 7.9 and 43 trace the unshocked circumstellar medium (CSM) and indicate a wind velocity of 30–40 km s−1, a value consistent with a red supergiant (RSG) progenitor. Comparisons between models and the early spectra suggest a pre-SN mass-loss rate of

M
̇

~

1

0

−
3

–
1

0

−
2

M
⊙

yr

−
1

, which is too high to be explained by quiescent mass loss from RSGs, but is consistent with some recent measurements of similar SNe. Persistent blueshifted H i and [O i] emission lines seen in the optical and near-IR spectra could be produced by asymmetries in the SN ejecta, while the multicomponent Hα may indicate continued interaction with an asymmetric CSM well into the nebular phase. SN 2024bch provides another clue to the complex environments and mass-loss histories around massive stars.
Detectability of Emission from Exoplanet Outflows Calculated by pyTPCI, a New 1D Radiation-hydrodynamic Code
Authors: Rosener Riley , Zhang Michael , Bean Jacob L. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Photoevaporation in exoplanet atmospheres is thought to contribute to the shaping of the small planet radius valley. Escaping atmospheres have been detected in transmission across a variety of exoplanet types, from hot Jupiters to mini-Neptunes. However, no work has yet considered whether outflows might also be detectable in emission. We introduce pyTPCI, a new, open-source self-consistent 1D radiative-hydrodynamics code that is an improved version of The PLUTO-CLOUDY Interface. We use pyTPCI to model seven exoplanets (HD 189733b, HD 209458b, WASP-69b, WASP-107b, TOI-1430b, TOI-560b, and HAT-P-32b) at varying metallicities and compute their emission spectra to investigate their detectability across a variety of spectral lines. We calculate the eclipse depths and signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) of these lines for a 10 m class telescope with a high-resolution spectrograph, taking into account appropriate line broadening mechanisms. We show that the most detectable spectral lines tend to be the 589 nm Na i doublet and the 1083 nm metastable helium triplet. Hα and Mg i 457 nm are moderately strong for some planets at some metallicities, but they are almost always optically thin, so some of their emission may not be from the outflow. The planet with the highest-flux, highest-eclipse-depth, and highest-SNR lines is HD 189733b, with a Na i eclipse depth of 410 ppm and SNR of 2.4 per eclipse, and a He* eclipse depth of 170 ppm and SNR of 1.3. These signals would be marginally detectable with Keck if 3–10 eclipses were observed, assuming (over optimistically) photon limited observations.