bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regulation of the pigment production by changing Cell morphology and gene expression of Monascus ruber in high-sugar synergistic high-salt stress fermentation
Authors: Chen Gong , Zhao Wenqian , Zhao Lu , Song Da , Chen Ben , Zhao Xihong , Hu Ting 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Aims
Extreme environment of microbial fermentation is the focus of research, which provides new thinking for the production and application of Monascus pigments (MPs). In this work, the high-sugar synergistic high-salt stress fermentation (HSSF) of MPs was investigated.

Methods and results
The Monascus fungus grew well under HSSF conditions with 35 g L−1 NaCl and 150 g L−1 glucose, and the extracellular yellow pigment and intracellular orange pigment yield in HSSF was 98% and 43% higher than that in conventional fermentation, respectively. Moreover, the mycelial morphology was maintained in a better status with more branches and complete surface structure, indicating good biocatalytic activity for pigment synthesis. Four extracellular yellow pigments (Y1, Y2, Y3, and Y4) were transformed into each other, and ratio of the relative content of intracellular orange pigments to yellow pigments (O/Y) significantly (P &lt; 0.05) changed. Moreover, the ratio of unsaturated fatty acids to saturated fatty acids (unsaturated/saturated) was significantly (P &lt; 0.05) increased, indicating that the metabolism and secretion of intracellular and extracellular pigment might be regulated in HSSF. The pigment biosynthesis genes mppB, mppC, mppD, MpPKS5, and MpFasB2 were up-regulated, whereas the genes mppR1, mppR2, and mppE were down-regulated, suggesting that the gene expression to regulate pigment biosynthesis might be a dynamic change process in HSSF.

Conclusions
The HSSF system of MPs is successfully performed to improve the pigment yields. Mycelial morphology is varied to enhanced pigment secretion, and gene expression is dynamically regulated to promote pigment accumulation in HSSF.
The Admission of New Prosecutorial Evidence in International Criminal Retrials
Authors: Sinclair-Blakemore Adaena 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
On 31 May 2023, the Appeals Chamber of the International Residual Mechanism for Criminal Tribunals (IRMCT) delivered its judgment in Stanišić and Simatović, marking the conclusion of the first full retrial in the history of international criminal law and providing occasion to reflect on how retrials before the International Criminal Court and other international criminal tribunals ought to be conducted. The focus of this article pertains to the Trial Chamber’s approach to the admissibility of new prosecutorial evidence during the course of the retrial, and specifically, its decision to exclude all new prosecutorial evidence from the scope of the retrial, unless exceptional circumstances justified its admission. This article questions whether the adoption of this exclusionary rule was a valid exercise of the Trial Chamber’s discretion and, from a normative standpoint, whether such a decision was and remains a desirable approach to the admissibility of prosecutorial evidence in international criminal retrials. This article argues that despite the strong and persistent objections raised by the prosecution during the Stanišić and Simatović retrial, the exclusionary rule constituted a valid exercise of the Trial Chamber’s powers and could serve as a blueprint for the admissibility of new prosecutorial evidence in potential future retrials.
Autonomous Weapon Systems, Errors and Breaches of International Humanitarian Law
Authors: George Jain Abhimanyu 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
An error in the operation of an autonomous weapon system (AWS) results in civilians or civilian objects being attacked. In such situations, have civilians or civilian objects been ‘made the object of attack’, such that there is a breach of the rule prohibiting attacks against civilians or civilian objects? This question — which is important because of the high probability of such errors — forms the subject of this article. It argues that the rule prohibiting attacks against civilians or civilian objects requires due diligence — contextually reasonable efforts — across the targeting process, to ensure that civilians or civilian objects are not attacked. This implies that AWS errors breach this rule if the errors are unreasonable, i.e., if they originate in a failure of due diligence at any point in the process of development and deployment of AWS. Moreover, the risk-sensitivity of due diligence obligations suggests that the higher degree of risk involved in the development and use of an AWS leads to a corresponding increase in what constitutes contextually reasonable efforts to ensure that civilians or civilian objects are not attacked.
Genetic evidence for variability in the social mating system of the Midday Gerbil (Meriones meridianus)
Authors: Yu Peng , Miao Fei , Kong Zixuan , Cao Ruidong , Chen Peng 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Social mating systems (e.g., monogamy, polygamy, or polyandry) are relatively stable behavioral strategies developed by environmental in animals, but the genetic imprint of a particular mating system is often incongruent with the social mating system due to extrapair matings. However, the genetics of mating systems remain little understood in rodents. In this study, we investigated the genetic signature of the mating system of 141 (63 females, 78 males) field-captured midday gerbils (Meriones meridianus)—a rodent species commonly found in the Minqin Desert in China—through microsatellite site analyses of genetic structure and relatedness. Seven pairs of highly polymorphic microsatellite loci were selected and were highly polymorphic, with the combined exclusion probability greater than 0.99. The parent pair paternity test by Cervus 3.0 software show that 11 mother–offspring and nine father–offspring relationships were identified in 2018, involving 26 individuals from 10 families. Similarly, 19 mother–offspring and 19 father–offspring relationships were identified in 2019, involving 48 individuals from 18 families. All three types of genetic mating structure were identified—monogamy (19 families), polyandry (4 families), and polygyny (5 families), providing evidence that the genetics underlying mating systems in this species are variable, can be incongruent with behavioral evidence for social mating systems, and could vary based on environmental cues, including degree of perceived or actual predation.
Jamestown Canyon virus comes into view: understanding the threat from an underrecognized arbovirus
Authors: Shepard John J , Armstrong Philip M 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This review examines the epidemiology, ecology, and evolution of Jamestown Canyon virus (JCV) and highlights new findings from the literature to better understand the virus, the vectors driving its transmission, and its emergence as an agent of arboviral disease. We also reanalyze data from the Connecticut Arbovirus Surveillance Program which represents the largest dataset on JCV infection in mosquitoes. JCV is a member of the California serogroup of the genus Orthobunyavirus, family Peribunyaviridae, and is found throughout much of temperate North America. This segmented, negative-sense RNA virus evolves predominately by genetic drift punctuated by infrequent episodes of genetic reassortment among novel strains. It frequently infects humans within affected communities and occasionally causes febrile illness and neuroinvasive disease in people. Reported human cases are relatively rare but are on the rise during the last 20 yr, particularly within the northcentral and northeastern United States. JCV appears to overwinter and reemerge each season by transovarial or vertical transmission involving univoltine Aedes (Diptera: Culicidae) species, specifically members of the Aedes communis (de Geer) and Ae. stimulans (Walker) Groups. The virus is further amplified in a mosquito-deer transmission cycle involving a diversity of mammalophilic mosquito species. Despite progress in our understanding of this virus, many aspects of the vector biology, virology, and human disease remain poorly understood. Remaining questions and future directions of research are discussed.
La Crosse virus neuroinvasive disease: the kids are not alright
Authors: Day Corey A , Byrd Brian D , Trout Fryxell Rebecca T 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
La Crosse virus (LACV) is the most common cause of neuroinvasive mosquito-borne disease in children within the United States. Despite more than 50 years of recognized endemicity in the United States, the true burden of LACV disease is grossly underappreciated, and there remain severe knowledge gaps that inhibit public health interventions to reduce morbidity and mortality. Long-standing deficiencies in disease surveillance, clinical diagnostics and therapeutics, actionable entomologic and environmental risk indices, case response capacity, public awareness, and availability of community support groups clearly frame LACV disease as neglected. Here we synthesize salient prior research and contextualize our findings as an assessment of current gaps and opportunities to develop a framework to prevent, detect, and respond to LACV disease. The persistent burdens of LACV disease clearly require renewed public health attention, policy, and action.
Myth or truth: investigation of the jumping ability of Tunga penetrans (Siphonaptera: Tungidae)
Authors: Hyuga Ayako , Ouma Paul , Matharu Abneel K , Krücken Jürgen , Kaneko Satoshi , Goto Kensuke , Fillinger Ulrike 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Female sand fleas (Tunga penetrans Linnaeus, 1758, Siphonaptera: Tungidae) cause a severe parasitic skin disease known as tungiasis. T. penetrans is a small flea, measuring less than 1 mm in length. The females of this species burrow into the skin of human and animal hosts and mostly affect the feet. This has led to the anecdotal assumption that T. penetrans, unlike its relatives in the Siphonaptera family, would have a limited jumping ability potentially not reaching higher body parts. However, there is no data supporting this. This study evaluated the jumping capabilities of T. penetrans for height and distance using sticky tapes. The vertical jump of the female T. penetrans ranged from 4.5 to 100 mm with a mean of 40 mm whereas the vertical jump of the male T. penetrans ranged from 1.2 to 138 mm with a mean of 46 mm. The horizontal jump of the female T. penetrans ranged from 18 to 138 mm with a mean of 64 mm and that of the male ranged from 9 to 251 mm with a mean of 80 mm. Based on the literature, fleas of various species have been described as jumping vertically 50–100 times their size and horizontally 5–100 times their size. In this respect, sand fleas appear to have equal expert jumping abilities to their relatives. Their aggregation on people’s feet is not likely a result of their poor jumping ability but might be an adaptation to the host’s behavior which would require further investigations.
Hydroxyapatite-based nano-drug delivery system for nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN): significantly enhancing NMN bioavailability and replenishing in vivo nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) levels
Authors: Zhang Da , Yau Lee-Fong , Bai Long-Bo , Tong Tian-Tian , Cao Kai-Yue , Yan Tong-Meng , Zeng Ling , Jiang Zhi-Hong 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Objectives
This study addresses the bioavailability challenges associated with oral nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) administration by introducing an innovative NMN formulation incorporated with hydroxyapatite (NMN–HAP).

Methods
The NMN–HAP was developed using a wet chemical precipitation and physical adsorption method. To assess its superiority over conventional free NMN, we examined NMN, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), and nicotinamide riboside (NR) levels in mouse plasma and tissues following oral administration of NMN–HAP.

Key findings
NMN–HAP nanoparticles demonstrated a rod-shaped morphology, with an average size of ~50 nm, along with encapsulation efficiency and drug loading capacity exceeding 40%. In vitro, drug release results indicated that NMN–HAP exhibited significantly lower release compared with free NMN. In vivo studies showed that NMN–HAP extended circulation time, improved bioavailability compared with free NMN, and elevated plasma levels of NMN, NAD+, and NR. Moreover, NMN–HAP administration displayed tissue-specific distribution with a substantial accumulation of NMN, NAD+, and NR in the brain and liver.

Conclusion
NMN–HAP represents an ideal formulation for enhancing NMN bioavailability, enabling tissue-specific delivery, and ultimately elevating in vivo NAD+ levels. Considering HAP’s biocompatible nature and versatile characteristics, we anticipate that this system has significant potential for various future applications.
Another look at bandwidth-free inference: a sample splitting approach
Authors: Zhang Yi , Shao Xiaofeng 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The bandwidth-free tests for a multi-dimensional parameter have attracted considerable attention in econometrics and statistics literature. These tests can be conveniently implemented due to their tuning-parameter free nature and possess more accurate size as compared to the traditional heteroskedasticity and autocorrelation consistent-based approaches. However, when sample size is small/medium, these bandwidth-free tests exhibit large size distortion when both the dimension of the parameter and the magnitude of temporal dependence are moderate, making them unreliable to use in practice. In this paper, we propose a sample splitting-based approach to reduce the dimension of the parameter to one for the subsequent bandwidth-free inference. Our SS–SN (sample splitting plus self-normalisation) idea is broadly applicable to many testing problems for time series, including mean testing, testing for zero autocorrelation, and testing for a change point in multivariate mean, among others. Specifically, we propose two types of SS–SN test statistics and derive their limiting distributions under both the null and alternatives and show their effectiveness in alleviating size distortion via simulations. In addition, we obtain the limiting distributions for both SS–SN test statistics in the multivariate mean testing problem when the dimension is allowed to diverge.
Results of polarimetric and photometric observations of NEAs 162082 (1998 HL1), 163373 (2002 PZ39), 52768 (1982 OR2), and 159402 (1999 AP10)
Authors: Kiselev N N , Savushkin A A , Petrov D V , Antoniuk K A , Zhuzhulina E V , Karpov N V , Afanasiev V L 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT
We present the results of polarimetric and photometric observations of four near-Earth asteroids (NEAs) 162082 (1998 HL1), 163373 (2002 PZ39), 52768 (1982 OR2), and 159402 (1999 AP10). The observations were carried out at the 2.6-m and 1.25-m telescopes of the Crimean Astrophysical Observatory, the 2.0-m telescope of the Peak Terskol Observatory, and the 6-m telescope of the Special Astrophysical Observatory during the period of 2019–2020. The phase angles covered in the observations were 3°–27°, 69°–109°, 70°–76°, and 32°–72° for NEAs 162082, 163373, 52768, and 159402, respectively. We estimated the main polarimetric parameters of the phase curves for each asteroid. The geometrical albedo for NEAs 162082, 163373, and 159402 were found to be 0.348 ± 0.050, 0.192 ± 0.050, and 0.124 ± 0.020, respectively. The diameters for asteroids 162082, 163373, 52768, and 159402 were determined as 0.37 ± 0.05, 0.50 ± 0.05, 2.61 ± 0.20, and 2.27 ± 0.20 km, respectively. The polarization data for NEA 52768 and 159402 are similar. Their orbital elements a, e, q, and periods for these asteroids also showed close similarities, indicating a potential common parent body in the past. We found deviation of the polarization of NEAs 163373, 52768, and 159402 from the synthetic phase dependences of the polarization of the main taxonomic С, S, and E classes. To explain this, the modified Sh-matrix method was used. The computer simulation has shown that different values of the maximum of positive polarization of asteroids can be explained by different content of highly absorbing carbon matter.
Non-ideal magnetohydrodynamics on a moving mesh I: ohmic and ambipolar diffusion
Authors: Zier Oliver , Springel Volker , Mayer Alexander C 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT
Especially in cold and high-density regions, the assumptions of ideal magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) can break down, making first order non-ideal terms such as ohmic and ambipolar diffusion as well as the Hall effect important. In this study, we present a new numerical scheme for the first two resistive terms, which we implement in the moving-mesh code arepo using the single-fluid approximation combined with a new gradient estimation technique based on a least-squares fit per interface. Through various test calculations including the diffusion of a magnetic peak, the structure of a magnetic C-shock, and the damping of an Alfvén wave, we show that we can achieve an accuracy comparable to the state-of-the-art code athena++ . We apply the scheme to the linear growth of the magnetorotational instability and find good agreement with the analytical growth rates. By simulating the collapse of a magnetized cloud with constant magnetic diffusion, we show that the new scheme is stable even for large contrasts in the spatial resolution. Thanks to the Lagrangian nature of the moving mesh method the new scheme is thus well suited for intended future applications where a high resolution in the dense cores of collapsing protostellar clouds needs to be achieved. In a forthcoming work, we will extend the scheme to include the Hall effect.
Resveratrol: biology, metabolism, and detrimental role on the tumor microenvironment of colorectal cancer
Authors: Dariya Begum , Girish Bala Prabhakar , Merchant Neha , Srilatha Mundla , Nagaraju Ganji Purnachandra 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
A substantial increase in colorectal cancer (CRC)–associated fatalities can be attributed to tumor recurrence and multidrug resistance. Traditional treatment options, including radio- and chemotherapy, also exhibit adverse side effects. Ancient treatment strategies that include phytochemicals like resveratrol are now widely encouraged as an alternative therapeutic option. Resveratrol is the natural polyphenolic stilbene in vegetables and fruits like grapes and apples. It inhibits CRC progression via targeting dysregulated cancer-promoting pathways, including PI3K/Akt/Kras, targeting transcription factors like NF-κB and STAT3, and an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. In addition, combination therapies for cancer include resveratrol as an adjuvant to decrease multidrug resistance that develops in CRC cells. The current review discusses the biology of resveratrol and explores different mechanisms of action of resveratrol in inhibiting CRC progression. Further, the detrimental role of resveratrol on the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment of CRC has been discussed. This review illustrates clinical trials on resveratrol in different cancers, including resveratrol analogs, and their efficiency in promoting CRC inhibition.
Transparency and the Mindfulness Opacity Hypothesis
Authors: Lange Victor , Grünbaum Thor 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Many philosophers endorse the Transparency Thesis, the claim that by introspection one cannot become aware of one's experience. Recently, some authors have suggested that the Transparency Thesis is challenged by introspective states reached under mindfulness. We label this the Mindfulness Opacity Hypothesis. The present paper develops the hypothesis in important new ways. First, we motivate the hypothesis by drawing on recent clinical psychology and cognitive science of mindfulness. Secondly, we develop the hypothesis by describing the implied shift in experiential perspective, the scope of introspectable qualities, and the level of skill. Thirdly, we defend the hypothesis against various philosophical arguments. We conclude that the Mindfulness Opacity Hypothesis is empirically and theoretically well motivated and supported.
Friends with the Good: Moral Relativism and Moral Progress
Authors: Pérez-Navarro Eduardo 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The aim of this paper is to defend moral relativism from the accusation that it would make it irrational to classify past changes in public opinion as instances of moral progress, for they would constitute an improvement only from our current point of view. The argument is this. For our assessment of a change in public opinion as an instance of moral progress to be rational, we need to take the moral claims made before the change to be false simpliciter while being open to the possibility that we ourselves change our minds at some point. These two things can be made compatible if we construe moral relativism as taking the truth of moral claims to be relative to the context of assessment. Thus understood, moral relativism is in fact the only view that makes room for talk of moral progress, as the rest of candidate positions make it irrational.
Affected cortico-striatal-cerebellar network in schizophrenia with catatonia revealed by magnetic resonance imaging: indications for electroconvulsive therapy and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation
Authors: Liu Xiao-Fan , Zhao Shu-Wan , Kratochvil Zachary , Jiang Jia-Cheng , Cui Di , Wang Lu , Fan Jing-Wen , Gu Yue-Wen , Yin Hong , Cui Jin-Jin , Chang Xiao , Cui Long-Biao 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Catatonia is a psychomotor syndrome that can occur in a broad spectrum of brain disorders, including schizophrenia. Current findings suggest that the neurobiological process underlying catatonia symptoms in schizophrenia is poorly understood. However, emerging neuroimaging studies in catatonia patients have indicated that a disruption in anatomical connectivity of the cortico-striatal-cerebellar system is part of the neurobiology of catatonia, which could serve as a target of neurostimulation such as electroconvulsive therapy and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation.
Combinations and Temporal Associations Among Precursor Symptoms Before a First Episode of Psychosis
Authors: Paquin Vincent , Malla Ashok K , Iyer Srividya N , Lepage Martin , Joober Ridha , Shah Jai L 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background and Hypothesis
Symptoms that precede a first episode of psychosis (FEP) can ideally be targeted by early intervention services with the aim of preventing or delaying psychosis onset. However, these precursor symptoms emerge in combinations and sequences that do not rest fully within traditional diagnostic categories. To advance our understanding of illness trajectories preceding FEP, we aimed to investigate combinations and temporal associations among precursor symptoms.

Study Design
Participants were from PEPP-Montréal, a catchment-based early intervention program for FEP. Through semistructured interviews, collateral from relatives, and a review of health and social records, we retrospectively measured the presence or absence of 29 precursor symptoms, including 9 subthreshold psychotic and 20 nonpsychotic symptoms. Sequences of symptoms were derived from the timing of the first precursor symptom relative to the onset of FEP.

Study Results
The sample included 390 participants (68% men; age range: 14–35 years). Combinations of precursor symptoms most frequently featured depression, anxiety, and substance use. Of 256 possible pairs of initial and subsequent precursor symptoms, many had asymmetrical associations: eg, when the first symptom was suspiciousness, the incidence rate ratio (IRR) of subsequent anxiety was 3.40 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.79, 6.46), but when the first symptom was anxiety, the IRR of subsequent suspiciousness was 1.15 (95% CI: 0.77, 1.73).

Conclusions
A detailed examination of precursor symptoms reveals diverse clinical profiles that cut across diagnostic categories and evolve longitudinally prior to FEP. Their identification may contribute to risk assessments and provide insights into the mechanisms of illness progression.