bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fabrication of Hydroxyl‐Group‐Rich Reduced Graphene Oxide Film and its Application for Electrochemical Detection of Hydrogen Peroxide
Authors: Kim Cheol‐Hwi , Kim Seok In , Ju Fu Nan , Cho Yeon‐Woo , Kim Huijung , Park Joon‐Ha , Lee Kwang‐Ho , Son Hyungbin , Luo Zhengtang , Kim Tae‐Hyung 
Published: October 2023

AbstractGraphene oxide (GO) can be obtained economically from graphite, and it has, therefore, been used for energy storage, conversion, and biosensor fabrication. To overcome the limitations associated with the poor electrical conductivity of GO, mild thermal reduction is widely used. However, owing to considerable variations in GO in terms of size and shape, uniform reduction of GO films is highly challenging. Herein, it reports a mildly reduced uniform graphene oxide thin film (mrUG) that is enriched with functional hydroxyl groups. This film is effective for electrochemical H2O2 decomposition and detection. A uniform graphene oxide thin film (UGTF) is first fabricated on an indium tin oxide (ITO) substrate and subjected to mild thermal annealing at 300 °C. Remarkably, the variations in all important parameters, including film thickness, surface roughness, reduction level, are significantly low in the case of mrUG. Moreover, It is found that unlike GO, UGTF undergoes structural rearrangement easily and possesses many hydroxyl groups (─OH) when reduced for a specific duration (t = 10 s, mrUG(10)). mrUG(10) is highly stable and effectively decomposed H2O2, which is advantageous for the electrochemical detection of H2O2 with extremely low signal variations. Therefore, mrUG(10) can be used as a carbon‐based metal‐free electrocatalyst in biosensors, energy, and electronic applications.
Design and Fabrication of Wideband Dielectric Resonator Antenna Using Low Loss Ultra‐Low Sintering Temperature Li6B4O9 Microwave Dielectric Ceramic for Wireless Communication Applications
Authors: Shehbaz Muhammad , Du Chao , Alzakree Ahmed Redwan Hazaa , Wang Wei , Xia Song , Shi Zhong‐Qi , Zhou Tao , Liang Qi‐Xin , Zhang Mei‐Rong , Zhou Di 
Published: October 2023

AbstractLow dielectric constant (ɛr), high quality‐factor (Q × f), and temperature stable microwave dielectric ceramics with ultra‐low sintering temperature are the preferred choice of researchers for the development of low‐cost and high‐performance dielectric resonator antenna (DRA), which have wide application prospects for wireless communication technology. In this work, wideband DRAs fabricated using ultra‐low sintering temperature, low‐loss, and high‐quality Li6B4O9 microwave dielectric ceramics are reported. Li6B4O9 ceramic synthesized via solid‐state reaction at sintering temperature of 620 °C demonstrates excellent microwave properties with optimum ɛr = 5.95, high Q × f = 38,700@12.4 GHz, and thermal coefficient of the resonant frequency (TCF ≈ −68.6ppm/○C). For the first time, performance comparison of two Li6B4O9‐based cylindrical DRAs with different ceramic aspect (radius to height) ratios excited by slot coupled microstrip line is realized. In the first DRA with ceramic aspect ratio of 0.864, DRA HE11δ mode is excited and bandwidth of 20.01% , 95% radiation efficiency, and 6.3 dBi maximum gain is attained. In the second DRA with ceramic aspect ratio of 2.367, slot and dielectric resonator resonances are merged to attain wide bandwidth of 38.15% over which antenna broadside radiation performance is preserved. The proposed DRAs can be utilized for high‐capacity, high‐speed wireless communication applications.
Enlargement of Bandgap and Birefringence in Nonlinear Optical Alkali‐Metal Sulfate Crystals by the Substitution of Asymmetrical Non‐π‐Conjugated Cation
Authors: Zhu Pengfei , Gong Pifu , Wang Zhenyan , Jiang Huatong , Zhao Jianfu , Li Chao , Lin Zheshuai , Duan Xiulan , Yu Fapeng 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWide bandgap and large birefringence, as well as strong second harmonic effect, are important but often mutually restraint prerequisites for deep‐ultraviolet (DUV) nonlinear optical (NLO) crystals, a type of photoelectronic materials that play an indispensable role in the DUV laser generation. For the long term, the search for new DUV NLO crystals has focused on the alkali‐metal inorganic acid salts where the variations of anionic groups are considered. Herein, another design strategy is reported, in which the alkali‐metal cations are substituted by the asymmetrical non‐π‐conjugated cations to harmonize the above mutual restrictions. Accordingly, LiN2H5SO4 (LNHSO) crystal is obtained by the substitution of [N2H5]+ for alkali‐metal ions in LiMSO4 (M = Na, K, and Rb). Compared with LiMSO4 (M = Na, K, and Rb), LNHSO exhibits a moderate phase‐matching second‐harmonic generation response (0.6 × KH2PO4), increased birefringence (two to three times that of other sulfates), and the widest bandgap (7.69 eV) among all the reported NLO sulfates. The structural analysis and theoretical calculation reveal that the structural anisotropy, arrangement, and packing configuration of the novel NLO‐active [N2H5]+ cation in LNHSO effectively promotes the optical properties and enlarges the bandgap. This work provides an innovative perspective for the rational design and synthesis of DUV NLO materials with excellent performance.
Photoexcitation Control of Excitation Relaxation in Mixed‐Phase Ruddlesden‐Popper Hybrid Organic‐Inorganic Lead‐Iodide Perovskites
Authors: Stadlbauer Anna , Eyre Lissa , Biewald Alexander , Rauh Felix , Heindl Markus W. , Liu Shangpu , Zerhoch Jonathan , Feldmann Sascha , Hartschuh Achim , Deschler Felix 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe electronic states and exciton binding energies of layered Ruddlesden‐Popper (RP) metal‐halide perovskites can be tailored through changes of their chemical composition, yielding multi‐phase systems with complex energy cascades. Ultrafast photoexcitation relaxation with transfer dynamics into domains of increasing layer number has been reported for these materials. Here, ultrafast optical spectroscopy is used to report an unexpected excitation energy dependence of photoexcitation relaxation dynamics in mixed‐dimensional benzylammonium cesium lead iodide RP perovskite (BeA2CsPb2I7) thin films, which gives rise to spectrally broadband luminescence over the visible region. Using transient absorption and photoluminescence spectroscopy it is found that excitations, which are formed in the n = 2 RP‐phase after photoexcitation with ≈0.2 electron volt excess energy, transfer to higher layer number RP‐phases on unexpectedly slow timescales of tens of picoseconds. Further, it is observed that such excitations are initially optically passive. Notably, luminescence occurs under these conditions from multiple RP‐phases with optical bandgaps across the visible range, yielding broadband luminescence. The results hold potential for realization of broadband white‐light emitters and other light‐emitting devices.
Hybrid Organic–Inorganic PMMA Optical Fibers Functionalized with Photochromic Active WO3 Nanoparticles: From Materials Design to Photochromic Fabrics
Authors: Badour Yazan , Pedros Matthieu , Gaudon Manuel , Danto Sylvain 
Published: October 2023

AbstractHere, the direct incorporation of photochromic WO3 nanoparticles is investigated in a matrix of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) by bulk radical polymerization for the fabrication of plastic optical fibers (POFs). All the prepared composites, from preforms to 1D single fibers and 2D fabrics, are thoroughly investigated, leading to insight into their thermal, morphological, and photochromic properties (coloring/bleaching amplitudes and kinetics). It is found that the preforms exhibit partially irreversible photochromic behavior, whereas the single fibers proved to be effectively reversibly photochromic through a degradation of transmission signal upon UV irradiation and a full recovery under dark conditions. The as‐prepared PMMA plastic fibers, both undoped and doped, show good homogeneity without any imperfections or contamination. The WO3 nanoparticles play a dual role as intrinsic and extrinsic absorption centres leading to higher transmission losses. Finally, a hand‐made textile woven with a bundle of doped fibers is presented. The proposed 1D single fibers and 2D fabrics demonstrate their great potential as novel hybrid inorganic–organic materials in the domain of flexible UV‐sensors and photochromic smart textile with improved color stability and lifetime.
High‐Efficiency TADF Polymers with a Spatially Confined Conjugated Backbone Enable Solution‐Processable Blue OLEDs Realizing over 20% EQE
Authors: Liu Yuchao , Xie Yanchao , Hua Lei , Li Shengyu , Tong Xingwen , Ying Shian , Yan Shouke , Ren Zhongjie 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe concept of thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) conjugated polymers has the advantage of enabling solution‐processable devices and harnessing singlet and triplet excitons simultaneously, whereas the resultant redshift of emission spectra and inevitable drop‐off of triplet excited states are detrimental to exploring high‐efficiency blue conjugated polymeric emitters. Herein, a feasible molecular design strategy is proposed by combining a spatially confined conjugated backbone and a TADF moiety isolated by a saturated spiro spacer to enable blue emission in newly designed partly conjugated TADF polymers, simultaneously achieving an excellent photoluminescence quantum yield of over 80% and a relatively high reverse intersystem crossing rate of 4.2 × 105 s−1. Endowed by superior photophysical properties and balanced carrier mobility, a maximum external quantum efficiency of 20.5% is achieved with emission at 486 nm and Commission Internationalede l'Eclairage coordinates of (0.18, 0.31), which is so far the highest efficiency for solution‐processed blue TADF polymer light‐emitting diodes.
0D Cs3Cd1‐xMnxBr5 Nanocrystals Embedded in Glass for Optical Thermometry
Authors: Ye Ying , Li Kai , Niu Luyue , Ren Jing , Liu Chao 
Published: September 2023

AbstractMn2+‐activated metal halides are widely reported in multi‐functional optoelectronic applications. However, Mn2+‐related optical thermometry is seldom discussed. In this work, all‐inorganic Cs3CdBr5 nanocrystals (NCs) are precipitated in glass. Incorporation of Mn2+ acts as a nucleation agent to promote the growth and improve the optical properties of Cs3CdBr5 NCs embedded in glass with a photoluminescence quantum yield of 66%. It is found that [MnBr4]‐[MnBr4] structural units are strongly coupled in Cs3Cd1‐xMnxBr5 NCs, leading to efficient energy transfer from a single [MnBr4] unit to [MnBr4]‐[MnBr4] couples and subsequent green‐red dual‐band emission with the same excitation spectra. The temperature‐dependence of green emission from the [MnBr4] unit and red emission from the [MnBr4]‐[MnBr4] couples results in high Sa (0.0241 K−1 at 168 K) and Sr (3.0346% K−1 at 74 K) from Cs3Cd1‐xMnxBr5 NCs embedded in glasses. These results pave the way for novel Mn2+‐activated metal halide NCs for high‐sensitive temperature sensors.
Neuromorphic Computing via Fission‐based Broadband Frequency Generation
Authors: Fischer Bennet , Chemnitz Mario , Zhu Yi , Perron Nicolas , Roztocki Piotr , MacLellan Benjamin , Di Lauro Luigi , Aadhi A. , Rimoldi Cristina , Falk Tiago H. , Morandotti Roberto 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe performance limitations of traditional computer architectures have led to the rise of brain‐inspired hardware, with optical solutions gaining popularity due to the energy efficiency, high speed, and scalability of linear operations. However, the use of optics to emulate the synaptic activity of neurons has remained a challenge since the integration of nonlinear nodes is power‐hungry and, thus, hard to scale. Neuromorphic wave computing offers a new paradigm for energy‐efficient information processing, building upon transient and passively nonlinear interactions between optical modes in a waveguide. Here, an implementation of this concept is presented using broadband frequency conversion by coherent higher‐order soliton fission in a single‐mode fiber. It is shown that phase encoding on femtosecond pulses at the input, alongside frequency selection and weighting at the system output, makes transient spectro‐temporal system states interpretable and allows for the energy‐efficient emulation of various digital neural networks. The experiments in a compact, fully fiber‐integrated setup substantiate an anticipated enhancement in computational performance with increasing system nonlinearity. The findings suggest that broadband frequency generation, accessible on‐chip and in‐fiber with off‐the‐shelf components, may challenge the traditional approach to node‐based brain‐inspired hardware design, ultimately leading to energy‐efficient, scalable, and dependable computing with minimal optical hardware requirements.
Elucidating the Active Sites and Synergies in Water Splitting on Manganese Oxide Nanosheets on Graphite Support
Authors: Schmidt Thorsten O. , Wark André , Haid Richard W. , Kluge Regina M. , Suzuki Shinya , Kamiya Kazuhide , Bandarenka Aliaksandr S. , Maruyama Jun , Skúlason Egill 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPhotosystem II is nature's solution for driving the oxygen evolution reaction to oxidize water. A manganese‐oxide cluster is this protein's active center for water splitting, while the most efficient man‐made catalysts are costly noble metal‐based oxides. Facing the climate change, research on affordable and abundant electrocatalysts is crucial. To mimic the biological solution, manganese oxide nanosheets are synthesized and deposited on highly‐oriented pyrolytic graphite. This electrocatalyst is then examined with spectroscopic and electrochemical measurements, electrochemical noise scanning tunneling microscopy, and density functional theory calculations. The detailed investigation assigns the origin of its enhanced water‐splitting performance to detected activity at the nanosheet edges which the proposed mechanism explains further. Therefore, the results provide a blueprint for how to design efficient electrocatalysts for water oxidation with abundant materials.
Soil pH mapping as a function of land use, elevation, and rainfall in the lake tana basin, northwestern of ethiopia
Authors: Belay Addisu Mengist , Selassie Yihenew G. , Tsegaye Enyew Adgo , Meshesha Derege Tsegaye , Addis Hailu Kendie 
Published: October 2023

AbstractSoil acidity has become a serious problem in the northern highlands of Ethiopia, limiting land productivity mainly that of crop yield. Research had been done to try to come up with results showing the area was affected by severe acidity, but based on few watersheds and districts in a haphazard way. The objective of this research was therefore to develop a comprehensive soil pH map that covers a broader area of 27 districts covering 2,810,055 ha of land to assess the degree of soil acidity in the Tana Sub‐basin, northwestern highlands of Ethiopia. Using GPS (3‐m precision), 2652 soil point data were collected. Precipitation, elevation, and land use cover were taken into account when creating an interpolated soil pH map. Using adjacent probed pH values, ordinary kriging interpolation (R2 = 0.65; root‐mean‐square error = 0.37125) technique was used to estimate the unmeasured locations, while the spatial pH variability was mapped using the geostatistical (GS+10) software. All Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations soil pH categories, with 11.22%, 19.97%, 18.77%, 14.59%, 9.64%, and 6.29% of the soil samples being extremely acidic, strongly acidic, moderately acidic, slightly acidic, neutral, moderately alkaline and strongly alkaline, respectively, were observed. The interpolation result showed a moderate coefficient of variation (10.52%) indicating that the research area had medium variability. In addition, the nugget‐to‐total semivariance ratio ranged from 25% to 75%, indicating moderate geographic dependence. The pH semivariograms best fitted the exponential model, which means the one with maximum (R2 = 0.834) and with minimum residual sum of squares (1.819E‐06) value for mapping of pH. Our result showed that soil pH was inversely dependent on precipitation and altitude, while it varies with land use type. The research result/map could give useful tools for effective integrated land management to minimize soil acidification by policymakers, agriculturalists, and other stakeholder groups. We also recommended future routine updates on the size and distribution of surface soil acidity in the study area.
Numerical modeling of groundwater flow and nitrate transport in karst and wastewater irrigated agricultural and forest landscapes, PA, USA
Authors: Daniel Timothy J. , Richendrfer John , Falta Ronald , Murdoch Lawrence , Lin Henry , Darnault Christophe J. G. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractUnderstanding the influence of treated wastewater reuse for irrigation on nitrate groundwater contamination in karstic landscape is critical for developing long‐term management plans and assessing the sustainability of these practices. The Pennsylvania State University has been operating a secondary treated wastewater effluent irrigation site—the “Living Filter”—since the 1960s. The objective of this study is to develop a regional groundwater flow and nitrate transport model to assess the impact of treated wastewater and disposal of large volumes of wastewater for irrigation of agricultural and forested lands on nitrate groundwater contamination in a karst landscape in the Spring Creek Watershed in central Pennsylvania. The modular three‐dimensional finite‐difference ground‐water flow model (MODFLOW) was used to construct the groundwater flow model of the local aquifer and simulate three‐dimensional regional changes in the water table over time. The simulation of nitrate fate and transport in the aquifer was conducted by developing a groundwater mass transport model using MODFLOW and a modular three‐dimensional transport multi‐species model (MT3DMS). The calibrated groundwater model yielded a root mean square error of 5.41 ft for the area of irrigation and 24.67 ft for the entire modeled area. Results of the calibrated model show the extension of a nitrate plume over most of the study area with concentrations below 10 mg·L−1 under the current 2015 setting and the long‐term 2035 scenario of increased irrigation rates. The nitrate migration was dominated by the presence of two high conductivity groundwater troughs adjacent to the study area resulting in a near steady‐state total mass since the 1990s.
Introduction: Sustainability as an agroecological strategy toward resilience in agricultural systems
Authors: Popescu Gheorghe Cristian , Popescu Monica , Pampana Silvia , Khondker Moniruzzaman , Umehara Mikihisa , Hayashi Hisayoshi , Touch Narong 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe sustainability and resilience of agrifood systems are key concepts to ensure environmental standards in agriculture and food security. Recently, global food security has been seriously affected by the pandemics, geopolitical issues, and conflicts, and climate change factors have become a significant concern for scientists along with farmers, consumers, and citizens. To face these challenges, a systemic resilience in sustainable agriculture is pivotal. The research papers published in the special section of Agronomy Journal, “Agricultural and biological sciences: Plant, soil, animal and environment”, consider the role of sustainability in building greater resilience to current pivotal and diverse problems encountered in agricultural systems. This special section is a collection of coherent research studies that used a multidisciplinary approach. A total of 52 papers were submitted, of which 12 were accepted for publication following a double‐blind reviewing process. The purposes of the present paper were to identify the role of sustainability in the resilience of agricultural systems and to discuss the main results of these published articles. Results suggested that specific issues relevant to forests, crops, horticulture systems, and animal production could be improved and made more resilient by applying modern agricultural tools, efficient use of natural resources, and smart device technology. A sustainable intensification in a changing environment will require resilience at many levels. Key strategies identified included (i) improvement of resource efficiency; (ii) adoption of techniques that generate landscape‐scale resilience; and (iii) use of a combination of different evaluation and planning strategies to advance the knowledge of crop and livestock interactions.
Association of Chronic Pain with Biomarkers of Neurodegeneration, Microglial Activation, and Inflammation in Cerebrospinal Fluid and Impaired Cognitive Function
Authors: Sadlon Angélique , Takousis Petros , Ankli Barbara , Alexopoulos Panagiotis , Perneczky Robert ,   for the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: October 2023

ObjectiveDebate surrounds the role of chronic pain as a risk factor for cognitive decline and dementia. This study aimed at examining the association of chronic pain with biomarkers of neurodegeneration using data from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative.MethodsParticipants were classified using the ATN (amyloid, tau, neurodegeneration) classification. Chronic pain was defined as persistent or recurrent pain reported at baseline. For each ATN group, analysis of covariance models identified differences in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of amyloid β1–42, phosphorylated tau 181 (ptau181), total tau (t‐tau), soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (sTREM2), and cognitive function between chronic pain states. Differences in CSF levels of inflammatory markers between chronic pain states were further analyzed. Linear mixed effect models examined longitudinal changes.ResultsThe study included 995 individuals, with 605 (60.81%) reporting chronic pain at baseline. At baseline, individuals with suspected non‐Alzheimer pathophysiology and chronic pain showed increased CSF levels of t‐tau and sTREM2. Chronic pain was associated with increased tumor necrosis factor α levels, irrespective of the ATN group. Longitudinally, an increase in ptau181 CSF levels was observed in chronic pain patients with negative amyloid and neurodegeneration markers. Amyloid‐positive and neurodegeneration‐negative chronic pain patients showed higher memory function cross‐sectionally. No significant longitudinal decline in cognitive function was observed for any ATN group.InterpretationOur study suggests that chronic pain induces neuronal damage and microglial activation in particular subgroups of patients along the AD spectrum. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings. ANN NEUROL 2024;95:195–206