bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nutrient content of some mushroom species of the genus Termitomyces consumed in Cameroon
Authors: Kansci Germain , Mossebo Dominique Claude , Selatsa Alain Blaise , Fotso Martin 
Published: June 2003

AbstractThe nutrient content (water, lipids, proteins, ashes, crude fibres) of six mushroom species (Termitomyces le Testui, T. aurantiacus, T. schimperi, T. mammformis, T. mboudaeïna Mossebo sp. nov., and T. subclypeatus forme bisporus sp. nov.) of the genus Termitomyces from Cameroon was determined. These mushrooms have a high water content (83.3–94.3 g/100 g wet matter) and contain more lipids than species from temperate countries (2.5–5.4 g/100 g dry weight( with high proportions of polyunsaturated fatty acids (45.1–65.1% of total fatty acid methyl esters) and remarkable proportions of crude fibres (17.5–24.7 g/100 g dry weight). Their protein content varied between 15.1 and 19.1 g/100 g dry weight and ash content between 5.2 and 14.4. The species T. mammiformis was found particularly rich in minerals with 14.4 g ash/100 g dry material, that is up to 2.4 g/100 g fresh weight.
Succession, palaeoecology, evolution, and speciation of Pennsylvanian non‐marine bivalves, Northern Appalachian Basin, USA
Authors: Eagar R. M. C. , Belt E. S. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractSeventeen horizons of non‐marine bivalves are described within the Appalachian succession from the base of the Pottsville Group of Westphalian A‐B age to the Uniontown coal of Stephanian C age at the top of the Carboniferous System. A new highly variable fauna ofAnthraconaiafrom the roof shales of the Upper Freeport coal near Kempton, west Maryland, dates from late Westphalian D or very early Cantabrian time, on the evidence of non‐marine shells and megafloras. Below this horizon, the Appalachian sequence reveals zones ofAnthraconauta phillipsiiandAnthraconauta tenuisin the same order as in Britain, whereas faunas ofAnthraconaiaof these zones are less common and differ from those of Britain. In all horizons above the Upper Freeport coal all non‐marine bivalve faunas consist of stages in the sequences of two natural species, the groups ofAnthraconaia proliferaandAnthraconaia puella‐saravana. The first shows evidence of having lived in well‐oxygenated, probably shallow, fresh water conditions of relatively wide extent. The second group lived preferentially in a plant‐rich environment of relatively stagnant fresh water. Both groups are found in horizons associated with coal seams and may be seen together in the same habitats, but diagrams of variation (pictographs) suggest that there was no interbreeding between the two groups in either the Northern Appalachians or in southern Germany where the species split was first recognized. In the northern Spanish coalfields of Guardo‐Valderrueda and Central Asturia, facies evidence suggests how an initial split may have taken place in the same morphological directions and into the same palaeoenvironments as the later split into two species.Appalachian deposition was generally slow and intermittent with frequent palaeosols. There is also evidence of erosion and of small palaeontological breaks in the sequence, especially near the eastern edge of the Northern Appalachian Basin in western Maryland. The amount of accumulated sediment was less than one‐tenth of that of western Europe when basin centre deposition is compared. We found no evidence of a major palaeontological break representing Westphalian D strata overlain by Stephanian C strata. We figure non‐marine bivalve faunas of Stephanian B age in association with the Pittsburgh and the Little Pittsburgh coals. Two new species of non‐marine bivalves are described:Anthraconaia anthraconautiformissp. nov. andAnthraconaia extremasp. nov. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pre‐Variscan metagabbro from NW Sardinia, Italy: evidence of an enriched asthenospheric mantle source for continental alkali basalts
Authors: Franceschelli Marcello , Cruciani Gabriele , Puxeddu Mariano , Utzeri Daniela 
Published: June 2003

AbstractSmall metagabbro bodies are enclosed in the metasedimentary sequence of NW Sardinia. The metagabbros represent the last magmatic episode before the continent–continent collision that built up the Variscan chain of north Sardinia. The metagabbros are composed of variable proportions of plagioclase and pyroxene igneous relics and metamorphic minerals. Major and trace element data, specifically high TiO2 and P2O5 and low K and Rb contents, as well as light rare‐earth elements, Nb and Ta enrichment, suggest an alkaline affinity for the gabbro and emplacement in a within‐plate tectonic setting. The gabbro was derived from an ocean island alkali basalt‐like asthenospheric mantle source enriched with incompatible elements and uncontaminated by crustal or subducted materials. Non‐modal modelling indicates a 5–7% partial melting of the asthenospheric mantle. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Geochemistry and potential correlation of Silurian (Telychian) metabentonites from Ireland and SW Scotland
Authors: Batchelor R. A. , Harper D. A. T. , Anderson T. B. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractNew occurrences of metabentonites from the Telychian Stage of the Silurian successions in SW Scotland, Co. Down and Co. Mayo, Ireland, are described in terms of their biostratigraphical setting and geochemical characteristics. The Co. Mayo occurrence extends the known distribution of Telychian metabentonites in Europe by 280 km WSW from the coast of Co. Down.Comparisons between samples based on selected trace element ratios suggest three potential correlations. One is between a tuffaceous clay from the Finny School Member, Upper Kilbride Formation of Co. Mayo, and a metabentonite from the Tara Sandstone Formation, Gala Group, Co. Down. One pair of metabentonites from the Carghidown Formation of Kirkcudbrightshire can be related to one pair from the Ardglass Formation of Co. Down. In addition, a unique alkaline chemical composition is identified in two samples from the Kirkmaiden Formation of Kirkcudbrightshire and one sample from the Ballyquintin Formation of Northern Ireland, which implies the existence of a local extensional tectonic regime at that time, consistent with a back‐arc basin.These metabentonites extend across at least two Caledonian suspect terranes and a variety of different sedimentary facies. These data may assist future discoveries and be able to improve stratigraphic correlations across three terranes. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chylous effusions complicating lymphoma: a serious event with octreotide as a treatment option
Authors: Evans J. , Clark M. F. , Mincher L. , Varney V. A. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractChylous effusions have an identical appearance to milk and occur when the thoracic duct is blocked. Since chyle represents direct absorption of fat from the small intestine lacteals, it is rich in fat, calories, vitamins and immunoglobulins. Drainage of this milk‐like fluid from any cavity (chest or abdomen) results in rapid weight loss and profound cachexia. The recognition of this milk‐like fluid as chyle is urgent for the implementation of the correct treatment. In adults, lymphoma is one of the commonest malignancies to cause blockages in the thoracic duct. Once the diagnosis is made, conservative treatment with strict dietary adjustment often fails to prevent weight loss or resolve the underlying cause. Since the condition is uncommon, no guidelines exist. Many surgeons recommend early surgical intervention before the patient becomes too weak. Surgery may also fail. We report the case of a 62‐year‐old man with chylous effusions and a weight loss of 30 kg. The nature of the effusion was unrecognized for the first 16 weeks. Upon diagnosis, dietary adjustment was made and a lymphangiogram organized with a view to surgery. Literature searches revealed two cases in which somatostatin was used after surgical procedures failed. We therefore used octreotide (a synthetic analogue of somatostatin). We report complete resolution of the condition within 72 h leading to the resumption of a normal diet and discharge within 2 weeks. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effective community health participation strategies: a Cuban example
Authors: Greene Ruby 
Published: June 2003

AbstractSince the decade of the 1970s health promotion has been an integral part of most primary health care strategies.This article examines some community participation strategies adopted in the health promotion in Cuba and the policies which enable such strategies. This is done in the context of health promotion theory and also examines the concept of direct involvement by the political directorate in health promotion.The article is written from a reflexive perspective following the author's visit to Cuba as member of a health study tour in March 2002. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Projecting the cost of essential services in Bangladesh
Authors: Ensor Tim , Ali Liaquat , Hossain Atia , Ferdousi Shawkat 
Published: June 2003

AbstractUtilizing a study of the costs of providing essential services in rural areas in Bangladesh projections of the cost of expanding services to the entire rural population are derived. These estimates are based on the current system of primary care, the demographic structure of the population and normatives for desired utilization. Scenarios make use of known demographic characteristics of average rural areas together with information on disease prevalence.The estimates highlight a number of difficulties involved in deriving costs and in comparing the cost‐effectiveness of service provision. The integrated nature of much primary care, both in terms of the technical exploitation of joint costs and clinical diagnostic and treatment protocols, means that treating services in isolation is likely to lead to inexact estimates of service cost. The context of any costs derived is required in order to make comparisons. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Disease coding errors by health care organizations: effects of a government quality intervention
Authors: Shin Euichul , Dow William H. , Kaluzny Arnold D. , Park Yong‐Moon , Park Kidong 
Published: June 2003

AbstractDisease coding errors in claims data can cause serious problems for financing, reimbursement systems, public health surveillance and health research. This study analysed a government intervention to improve coding accuracy of health care organizations in South Korea. The intervention was implemented in 1997 by 226 organizations that had submitted erroneous claims in 1996 for five selected diseases. In 1998, 94% of these organizations eliminated coding errors for these diseases. Those organizations least responsive to the intervention were tertiary hospitals, those publicly owned, and those with other complex organizational characteristics. Overall, this simple intervention appeared extremely effective, and wider adoption of such techniques should be explored. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Selecting medical devices and materials for development in Korea: the analytic hierarchy process approach
Authors: Cho Keun‐Tae , Kim Sung‐Min 
Published: June 2003

AbstractRecently, the health industry in Korea has been given greater emphasis. Amid budgetary restrictions, setting the priorities for effective and efficient investment in medical devices and materials has been a key issue in the government sector. This paper shows how the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) can be used in assessing selected medical devices and materials for grants by the Korean Ministry of Health and Welfare. The final results show that unabsorbable suture is the most attractive medical product among 88 evaluated products, followed by i.v. cannula and central venous catheter. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
CD1d‐mediated stimulation of natural killer T cells selectively activates hepatic natural killer cells to eliminate experimentally disseminated hepatoma cells in murine liver
Authors: Miyagi Takuya , Takehara Tetsuo , Tatsumi Tomohide , Kanto Tatsuya , Suzuki Takahiro , Jinushi Masahisa , Sugimoto Yoshiko , Sasaki Yutaka , Hori Masatsugu , Hayashi Norio 
Published: June 2003

AbstractSince hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) develop from transformed hepatocytes, sometimes in a multicentrical manner, immunological deletion of such small intrahepatic regions should be an important strategy to prevent HCC development. The liver contains abundant innate cell lineages including natural killer (NK) cells and natural killer T (NKT) cells, the latter of which become activated in a CD1d‐restricted manner by α‐galactosylceramide (α‐GalCer). In our study, we investigated the anti‐tumor effect elicited by α‐GalCer administration against transplanted hepatoma cells in the liver, in comparison with that in extrahepatic sites. α‐GalCer administration completely suppressed the growth of BNL 1MEA.7R.1 (BNL) hepatoma cells disseminated in the liver of syngeneic BALB/c mouse but had no anti‐tumor effect on subcutaneously implanted BNL cells. Hepatic NKT cells became rapidly activated after α‐GalCer administration compared to splenic NKT cells and then disappeared. Hepatic NK cells substantially increased their population as well as up‐regulated their cytotoxic activity against BNL cells, but NK cells in other tissues, including the spleen, blood and lymph node, did not. Anti‐asialo GM1 antibody treatment, which depleted NK cells in vivo, resulted in hepatic tumor formation in α‐GalCer‐treated mice, indicating the critical involvement of NK cells in the α‐GalCer‐induced anti‐tumor effect in the liver. In conclusion, our study demonstrates clear differences in NK cell activation and anti‐tumor effect through stimulation of NKT cells by α‐GalCer between the liver and extrahepatic tissues. Sequential activation of these innate cell lineages may be an attractive strategy for controlling micro‐disseminated hepatoma cells in the liver. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Chromosomal region 15q21.1 is a frequent target of allelic imbalance in advanced breast carcinomas
Authors: Rhiem Kerstin , Klein Annette , Münch Miriam , Kreutzfeld Rene , Ramser Juliane , Wardelmann Eva , Schackert Gabriele , von Deimling Andreas , Wiestler Otmar D. , Schmutzler Rita K. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractAllelic imbalance constitutes a major mechanism of genetic aberrations in breast cancer and strongly indicates the involvement of tumor associated genes in the affected chromosomal regions. Preliminary results from our study indicated the existence of a tumor suppressor gene located on chromosomal arm 15q which may be involved in breast cancer progression.1 In the present study, 210 primary breast carcinomas, 30 metastases and 26 local recurrences from primary breast carcinomas have been analyzed with a panel of 18 highly polymorphic microsatellite markers spanning the chromosomal region 15q11‐21.3. Allelic imbalance at 15q with at least 1 marker was seen in 36 of 56 (64.3%) metastases and recurrences, but only in 58 of 210 (27.6%) primary tumors (p<0.0001). We identified a subregion defined by microsatellite marker CYP19 (15q21.1) that showed significantly higher frequencies of allelic imbalance in metastases and recurrences (57.6%) when compared to primary carcinomas (8.9%; p<0.0001). Allelic imbalance at 15q was correlated with histopathologic parameters of the patients with primary breast carcinomas. We detected a significant association with established predictors of poor prognosis, i.e., negative estrogen receptor status (p=0.003), negative progesterone receptor status (p=0.028), high grade (p=0.014) and positive axillary lymph nodes (p=0.013). In summary, our data provide further evidence for a novel prognostic marker in breast carcinomas located in the chromosomal region 15q21. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cytotoxicity, apoptosis induction and downregulation of MDR‐1 expression by the anti‐topoisomerase II agent, salvicine, in multidrug‐resistant tumor cells
Authors: Miao Ze‐Hong , Tang Tao , Zhang Yi‐Xiang , Zhang Jin‐Sheng , Ding Jian 
Published: June 2003

AbstractSalvicine, a novel topoisomerase II inhibitor and a diterpenoid quinone compound, exerts potent in vitro and in vivo antitumor effects. In our study, we show that salvicine effectively kills multidrug‐resistant (MDR) sublines, such as K562/A02, KB/VCR and MCF‐7/ADR, and parental K562, KB and MCF‐7 cell lines to an equivalent degree. These cytotoxic activities of salvicine were much more potent than those of several classical anticancer drugs (average resistance factor: 1.42 for salvicine vs. 344.35, 233.19 and 71.22 for vincristine, doxorubicin and etoposide, respectively). Flow cytometry and DNA agarose gel electrophoresis demonstrated that salvicine induced similar levels of apoptosis in MDR K562/A02 and parental cells. The compound activated caspase‐1 and ‐3 (but not caspase‐8) and increased the ratio of bax to bcl‐2 mRNA via reduction of bcl‐2 mRNA expression in the same cells. Furthermore, salvicine induced the downregulation of mdr‐1 gene and P‐gp expression but had no effect on MRP and LRP gene expression in MDR K562/A02 cells. These results suggest that the reduction of mdr‐1 and bcl‐2 expression by salvicine possibly contributes to its cytotoxicity and apoptotic induction in this system. The effectiveness, broad‐spectrum activity and possibly novel mechanism of killing MDR tumor cells in vitro of salvicine signify promising in vivo and clinical activity. The novel chemical structure of this compound further implies a role for salvicine in future MDR tumor therapy. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Role of hMLH1 promoter hypermethylation in drug resistance to 5‐fluorouracil in colorectal cancer cell lines
Authors: Arnold Christian N. , Goel Ajay , Boland C. Richard 
Published: June 2003

AbstractLoss of DNA mismatch repair (MMR) occurs in 10–15% of sporadic colorectal cancer, is usually caused by hMLH1 hypermethylation, and has been shown to confer resistance to various chemotherapeutic reagents, including 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU). We tested the hypothesis that demethylation of the hMLH1 promoter in hypermethylated colorectal cancer cells would restore MMR proficiency and drug sensitivity to 5‐FU. We used the MMR‐deficient cell lines SW48, HCT116, HCT116+chr2 and the ‐proficient cell line HCT116+chr3. After treatment with the demethylating agent 5‐Aza‐2′‐deoxycytidine (5 aza‐dC), hMLH1 mRNA and protein expression were determined by RT‐PCR and immunoblots. The methylation status for hMLH1 was investigated by methylation‐specific PCR. Cells were subsequently treated with 5‐FU and the growth characteristics ascertained by clonogenic assays. hMLH1 hypermethylation was reverted in SW48 cells 24 hr after treatment with 5 aza‐dC and was accompanied by hMLH1 mRNA and protein reexpression. While 5 aza‐dC alone did not affect the growth of SW48 cells, all other cell lines responded with a pronounced growth inhibition. 5‐FU treatment strongly reduced the colony formation of HCT116+chr3 cells. These effects were significantly less in the MMR‐deficient cells. Combined treatment of SW48 cells resulted in a similar growth pattern as seen in 5‐FU only treated HCT116+chr3 cells. We demonstrate that in vitro resistance to 5‐FU can be overcome by reexpression of hMLH1 protein through 5 aza‐dC‐induced demethylation in hypermethylated cell lines. Induction of the expression of methylated tumor suppressor or MMR genes could have a significant impact on the development of future chemotherapy strategies. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prospective study of screening for stomach cancer in Japan
Authors: Mizoue Tetsuya , Yoshimura Takesumi , Tokui Noritaka , Hoshiyama Yoshiharu , Yatsuya Hiroshi , Sakata Kiyomi , Kondo Takaaki , Kikuchi Shogo , Toyoshima Hideaki , Hayakawa Norihiko , Tamakoshi Akiko , Ohno Yoshiyuki , Fujino Yoshihisa , Kaneko Satoshi ,   the Japan Collaborative Cohort Study Group
Published: June 2003

AbstractAlthough screening for stomach cancer is a widespread community service in Japan, the benefits of the screening program remain unclear. Our study investigated prospectively the relation between participation in stomach‐cancer screening during the past 12 months and subsequent deaths. Data was derived from the Japan Collaborative Cohort Study, in which 480 stomach‐cancer deaths were identified during an 8‐year follow‐up period. Cox proportional hazard regression was used to estimate the relative risk of death from stomach cancer and that from other causes while adjusting for potential confounding factors. In men, screening participation was associated significantly with a reduced risk of death from stomach cancer (relative risk [RR] = 0.54; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.41–0.70). The extent of the risk reduction was greater than potential health selection (for deaths other than stomach, RR = 0.71). The adjustment for potential confounding variables, however, attenuated the difference in risk of death (stomach cancer, RR = 0.65; other causes, RR = 0.71). In women, the magnitude of the association between screening participation and death from stomach cancer (RR = 0.74; 95% CI = 0.52–1.07) was equal to that for deaths from non‐stomach cancers (RR = 0.74). Subgroup analysis showed that women with a parental history of stomach cancer had a reduced risk of death from stomach cancer associated with screening (RR = 0.32; 95% CI = 0.12–0.87). The present results underline the potential for selection bias in observational studies, and thus it remains an open question whether screening for stomach cancer is effective. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
RASSF1A gene inactivation in non‐small cell lung cancer and its clinical implication
Authors: Endoh Hideki , Yatabe Yasushi , Shimizu Shigeki , Tajima Kohei , Kuwano Hiroyuki , Takahashi Takashi , Mitsudomi Tetsuya 
Published: June 2003

AbstractMethylation‐associated inactivation of RASSF1, a putative tumor suppressor identified at 3p21.3, is reported in several cancers. We examined RASSF1 in non‐small lung cancer (NSCLC) to search for clinical implications. RT‐PCR analysis showed no expression of RASSF1A in 12 of 20 lung cancer cell lines. Loss of expression correlated well with promoter methylation status of these lines. Sequence analysis revealed 2 polymorphisms (codons 21 and 133) in RASSF1A transcripts, but not in RASSF1C transcripts. No somatic mutations were found. Of 7 cell lines with K‐ras mutations at codon 12 or 61, 2 lost expression of RASSF1A, whereas in 13 cell lines with wild‐type K‐ras gene, 10 lost RASSF1A gene expression (p = 0.0521). We investigated methylation status of this putative tumor suppressor gene in 100 primary NSCLCs to determine whether there is a clinical significance. Forty‐two of primary NSCLCs demonstrated methylated allele. There is no correlation between promoter methylation of RASSF1A and clinicopathological findings, including histological type or grade, tumor staging, p53 and K‐ras mutational status, or patients' survival. In the cases of Stage I and II disease, however, RASSF1A methylation was associated with earlier recurrence (p = 0.0247). Epigenetic silencing of RASSF1A is a frequent event in non‐small lung cancer and will provide novel opportunities to develop diagnosis and therapy of NSCLC. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Signaling pathway for aloe‐emodin‐induced apoptosis in human H460 lung nonsmall carcinoma cell
Authors: Yeh Feng‐Tsgh , Wu Chun‐Hsiung , Lee Hong‐Zin 
Published: June 2003

AbstractAloe‐emodin (1,8‐dihydroxy‐3‐(hydroxymethyl)‐anthraquinone) is an active component from the root and rhizome of Rheum palmatum that has been reported to exhibit antitumor effects through an unknown mechanism. Our study investigated the mechanisms of aloe‐emodin‐induced cell death in the human lung nonsmall cell carcinoma cell line H460. Aloe‐emodin (40 μM)‐induced apoptosis of H460 cells involves modulation of cAMP‐dependent protein kinase, protein kinase C, Bcl‐2, caspase‐3 and p38 protein expression. The relationship of various signals involved in cell death, such as cAMP‐dependent protein kinase, protein kinase C, Bcl‐2, caspase‐3 and p38, has been investigated in the regulation of apoptotic cell death of aloe‐emodin. We demonstrated that the expression of p38 is an important determinant of apoptotic death induced by aloe‐emodin. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.