bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Post-mortem examination of fatal acute type A aortic dissection: what does it teach us?
Authors: Karadzha Anastasiia , Schaff Hartzell V , Frye Robert L , Bois Melanie C , Crestanello Juan A , Bagameri Gabor , Greason Kevin L , Shrestha Malakh L 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Acute type A aortic dissection (ATAAD) remains a highly life-threatening condition. This study investigates factors associated with fatal ATAAD prior to surgical treatment.

METHODS
We reviewed autopsy reports of ATAAD decedents who died before surgical intervention and underwent postmortem examination at our clinic from 1994 to 2022.

RESULTS
Among 94 eligible cases, 50 (53.2%) decedents had DeBakey type I dissection, and 44 (46.8%) had DeBakey type II dissection. Most were males, 63 (67%), and 72 (77%) had a history of hypertension. The median age was 70.5 years, and the type II group was a decade older than the type I group (P &lt; 0.001). Decedents in the type II group predominantly died during the first hour after symptoms onset 16 (52%), while in the type I group, fatalities occurred between 1 h and 1 day, 27 (66%). The most common site of the intimal tear was the midportion of the ascending aorta, 45 (48%). The median ascending aorta size was 5 cm for the entire cohort, 5.2 cm for type I and 4.6 cm for type II (P &lt; 0.045).

CONCLUSIONS
In this autopsy study of fatal acute aortic dissection, the median aortic size was below the current guideline threshold for elective repair. Type II acute aortic dissections were found more frequently than expected and were characterized by older age, advanced aortic atherosclerosis, smaller aortic size, a shorter interval from symptom onset to death and a higher frequency of syncope compared to type I dissection.
Compactness estimates for difference schemes for conservation laws with discontinuous flux
Authors: Karlsen Kenneth H , Towers John D 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
We establish quantitative compactness estimates for finite difference schemes used to solve nonlinear conservation laws. These equations involve a flux function $f(k(x,t),u)$, where the coefficient $k(x,t)$ is $BV$-regular and may exhibit discontinuities along curves in the $(x,t)$ plane. Our approach, which is technically elementary, relies on a discrete interaction estimate and one entropy function. While the details are specifically outlined for the Lax-Friedrichs scheme, the same framework can be applied to other difference schemes. Notably, our compactness estimates are new even in the homogeneous case ($k\equiv 1$).
Knock It Down? Unmaking, Deconstruction, and Destruction as/in Politics Research
Authors: Sjoberg Laura 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Unmaking, deconstruction, and destruction are part of the everyday life of politics. This article makes an initial case for the plausibility of the argument that International Relations (IR) should expand its gaze and scholarly practice not only into material-aesthetic making, as suggested by the International Political Design (IPD) project, but also into material-aesthetic unmaking and destruction. If making is thinking, as Austin and Leander (2021) suggest, unmaking is also a scholarly enterprise, one that might be as intellectually significant as making, and have important implications for the project specifically and IR scholarship more generally. While I am not arguing that unmaking or destruction is always or even usually normatively good, I am arguing that it is intellectually important to understand and engage, and that thinking about unmaking has important normative implications for making. The first section of this article introduces the IPD project, and suggests that it is operationally and necessarily positive in its current instantiations, despite its criticality. The second section, drawing on inspirations as divergent as queer theory and realist IR, sets out an onto-epistemologically negative approach to IR/the world and uses that approach to problematize the positivity of the IPD project. The following three sections engage with potential negative approaches to making-as-scholarship: negative design, deconstruction, and destruction, engaging with the potential implications for both disciplinary inquiry in IR and the practices of IR scholars in the “world” as such. A conclusion talks about the importance of including deconstruction, demolition, destruction, tearing down, and unmaking in IR scholarship.
OHDSI Standardized Vocabularies—a large-scale centralized reference ontology for international data harmonization
Authors: Reich Christian , Ostropolets Anna , Ryan Patrick , Rijnbeek Peter , Schuemie Martijn , Davydov Alexander , Dymshyts Dmitry , Hripcsak George 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Importance
The Observational Health Data Sciences and Informatics (OHDSI) is the largest distributed data network in the world encompassing more than 331 data sources with 2.1 billion patient records across 34 countries. It enables large-scale observational research through standardizing the data into a common data model (CDM) (Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership [OMOP] CDM) and requires a comprehensive, efficient, and reliable ontology system to support data harmonization.

Materials and methods
We created the OHDSI Standardized Vocabularies—a common reference ontology mandatory to all data sites in the network. It comprises imported and de novo-generated ontologies containing concepts and relationships between them, and the praxis of converting the source data to the OMOP CDM based on these. It enables harmonization through assigned domains according to clinical categories, comprehensive coverage of entities within each domain, support for commonly used international coding schemes, and standardization of semantically equivalent concepts.

Results
The OHDSI Standardized Vocabularies comprise over 10 million concepts from 136 vocabularies. They are used by hundreds of groups and several large data networks. More than 8600 users have performed 50 000 downloads of the system. This open-source resource has proven to address an impediment of large-scale observational research—the dependence on the context of source data representation. With that, it has enabled efficient phenotyping, covariate construction, patient-level prediction, population-level estimation, and standard reporting.

Discussion and conclusion
OHDSI has made available a comprehensive, open vocabulary system that is unmatched in its ability to support global observational research. We encourage researchers to exploit it and contribute their use cases to this dynamic resource.
Adaptations of bone and bone vasculature to muscular stretch training
Authors: Eazer Julia , Barsoum Mina , Smith Cole , Hotta Kazuki , Behnke Brad , Holmes Christina , Caldwell Jacob , Ghosh Payal , Reid-Foley Emily , Park Hyerim , Delp Michael , Muller-Delp Judy 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The magnitude of bone formation and remodeling is linked to both the magnitude of strain placed on the bone and the perfusion of bone. It was previously reported that an increase in bone perfusion and bone density occurs in the femur of old rats with moderate aerobic exercise training. This study determined the acute and chronic effects of static muscle stretching on bone blood flow and remodeling. Old male Fischer 344 rats were randomized to either a naive or stretch-trained group. Static stretching of ankle flexor muscles was achieved by placement of a dorsiflexion splint on the left ankle for 30 min/d, 5d/wk for 4wk. The opposite hindlimb served as a contralateral control (nonstretched) limb. Bone blood flow was assessed during and after acute stretching in naive rats, and at rest and during exercise in stretch-trained rats. Vascular reactivity of the nutrient artery of the proximal tibia was also assessed in stretch-trained rats. MicroCT analysis was used to assess bone volume and micro-architecture of the trabecular bone of both tibias near that growth plate. In naive rats, static stretching increased blood flow to the proximal tibial metaphasis. Blood flow to the proximal tibial metaphysis during treadmill exercise was higher in the stretched limb after 4 wk of daily stretching. Daily stretching also increased tibial bone weight and increased total volume in both the proximal and distal tibial metaphyses. In the trabecular bone immediately below the proximal tibial growth plate, total volume and bone volume increased, but bone volume/total volume was unchanged and trabecular connectivity decreased. In contrast, intravascular volume increased in this region of the bone. These data suggest that blood flow to the tibia increases during bouts of static stretching of the hindlimb muscles, and that 4 wk of daily muscle stretching leads to bone remodeling and an increase in intravascular volume of the tibial bone.
Defining the Minimal Clinically Important Difference (MCID) and Patient Acceptable Symptom State (PASS) at 2 years following open gluteus medius and/or minimus repair
Authors: Rice Morgan W , Browning Robert B , Fenn Thomas W , Hevesi Mario , Nho Shane J 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT
To define Minimally Clinically Important Difference (MCID) and Patient Acceptable Symptomatic State (PASS) threshold scores after open gluteus medius and/or minimus repair. Primary open gluteus medius and/or minimus repair patients from November 2013 to March 2020 were identified. Patient reported outcomes (PROs) were assessed preoperatively, 1- and 2-year follow-up, including the Hip Outcome Score Activities of Daily Living (HOS-ADL), modified Harris Hip Score (mHHS), International Hip Outcome Tool-12 (iHOT-12) and Visual Analog Scale (VAS) Pain. Thresholds for achieving a MCID and PASS postoperatively were calculated using the distribution method and receiver operator curve analysis; 25 patients (24 females, 1 male, age: 69 ± 6.8 years, body mass index: 26.9 ± 5.0 kg/m2) were included in final analyses. MCID threshold scores for HOS-ADL, mHHS, iHOT-12 and VAS Pain were calculated as 11.1, 6.2, 15.3 and 14.0, respectively. PASS threshold scores for each of the PROs were as follows: HOS-ADL (71.9), mHHS (60.0), iHOT-12 (49.2) and VAS Pain (36.8). MCID thresholds for HOS-ADL, mHHS, iHOT-12 and VAS Pain were achieved by 58.3%, 83.3%, 66.7% and 57.1% of patients, respectively. PASS thresholds for HOS-ADL, mHHS, iHOT-12 and VAS Pain were achieved by 52.4%, 44.8%, 65% and 59.1% of patients, respectively. Open gluteus medius and/or minimus repair results in a high rate of achievement of clinically significant outcomes at a minimum of 2 years postoperatively. MCID threshold values for HOS-ADL, mHHS, iHOT-12 and VAS Pain were 11.1, 6.2, 15.3 and 14.0, respectively. PASS threshold values for HOS-ADL, mHHS, iHOT-12 and VAS Pain were 71.9, 60.0, 49.2 and 36.8, respectively. The majority of patients achieved clinically significant outcomes with 81.3% and 77.3% achieving MCID and PASS for at least one PRO, respectively.
Periacetabular osteotomy with and without concomitant arthroscopy: a systematic review of evidence on post-operative activity levels and return to sport
Authors: Wyatt Phillip , Cole Sarah , Satalich James , Ernst Brady S , Cyrus John , Vap Alexander , O’Connell Robert 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT
The purpose of this systematic review is to (i) compare post-operative activity levels after periacetabular osteotomy (PAO) versus PAO + HA (concomitant PAO and hip arthroscopy) using patient-reported outcomes that specifically assess activity and sports participation [Hip Disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score—Sport and Recreation subscale (HOOS-SR), University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) activity score, Hip Outcome Score—Sport-Specific Subscale (HOS-SSS)] and (ii) compare post-operative return to sport (RTS) data between PAO and PAO + HA groups. A systematic review of literature was conducted on 1 June 2023, utilizing PubMed, Cochrane and Embase (OVID). Articles were screened for inclusion using specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. Twenty-six out of 1610 articles met all inclusion criteria, without meeting any exclusion criteria. In the 12 studies containing only subjects who underwent PAO alone, 11 demonstrated an average score improvement in UCLA, HOOS-SR or HOS-SSS post-operatively (P &lt; 0.05). In the three studies containing subjects who underwent PAO with concomitant HA, significant improvements were seen in the HOS-SS and UCLA scores (P &lt; 0.05). In the five studies that directly compared UCLA, HOS-SSS and HOOS-SSS scores between PAO groups and PAO + HA groups, all demonstrated statistically significant improvement post-operatively (P &lt; 0.05). The rate of RTS ranged from 63% to 90.8% among PAO studies and was found to be 81% in the single PAO + HA study that assessed RTS. When performed in patients with intra-articular pathology, concomitant PAO + HA may provide similar sport-related outcomes to PAO alone in patients without intra-articular pathology.
Issues in patenting ‘artificial intelligence’ from an EPO perspective
Authors: Müller Martin 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This article demonstrates that artificial intelligence (AI) is generally not a useful category in patent prosecution and patent law to address questions of patentability or inventorship. It has been suggested that inventions relating to AI will pose major problems for patent prosecution, for example regarding patentable subject-matter, sufficiency of disclosure, the level of inventive step or the question of inventorship. In this context, far-reaching assumptions are made about the nature and the powers of AI which are often overstated and distract from real issues. On the one hand, AI defies a precise definition, in particular one which could distinguish AI from other software. Indeed, many questions that arise in patenting AI inventions are also true, one way or another, for other, ‘conventional’ software. On the other hand, certain AI inventions may be a challenge for applicants to explain convincingly why their invention works and how. In view of this, the problem of AI inventorship that has recently dominated the public discussion is of less practical concern.
Early detection of nasopharyngeal carcinoma: performance of a short contrast-free screening magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: King Ann D , Ai Qi Yong H , Lam W K Jacky , Tse Irene O L , So Tiffany Y , Wong Lun M , Tsang Jayden Yip Man , Leung Ho Sang , Zee Benny C Y , Hui Edwin P , Ma Brigette B Y , Vlantis Alexander C , van Hasselt Andrew C , Chan Anthony T C , Woo John K S , Chan K C Allen 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background
Although contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) detects early-stage nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) not detected by endoscopic-guided biopsy (EGB), a short contrast-free screening MRI would be desirable for NPC screening programs. This study evaluated a screening MRI in a plasma Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)-DNA NPC screening program.

Methods
EBV-DNA-screen-positive patients underwent endoscopy, and endoscopy-positive patients underwent EGB. EGB was negative if the biopsy was negative or was not performed. Patients also underwent a screening MRI. Diagnostic performance was based on histologic confirmation of NPC in the initial study or during a follow-up period of at least 2 years.

Results
The study prospectively recruited 354 patients for MRI and endoscopy; 40/354 (11.3%) endoscopy-positive patients underwent EGB. Eighteen had NPC (5.1%), and 336 without NPC (94.9%) were followed up for a median of 44.8 months. MRI detected additional NPCs in 3/18 (16.7%) endoscopy-negative and 2/18 (11.1%) EGB-negative patients (stage I/II, n = 4; stage III, n = 1). None of the 24 EGB-negative patients who were MRI-negative had NPC. MRI missed NPC in 2/18 (11.1%), one of which was also endoscopy-negative. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy of MRI, endoscopy, and EGB were 88.9%, 91.1%, 34.8%, 99.4%, and 91.0%; 77.8%, 92.3%, 35.0%, 98.7%, and 91.5%; and 66.7%, 92.3%, 31.6%, 98.1%, and 91.0%, respectively.

Conclusion
A quick contrast-free screening MRI complements endoscopy in NPC screening programs. In EBV-screen-positive patients, MRI enables early detection of NPC that is endoscopically occult or negative on EGB and increases confidence that NPC has not been missed.
Interventions addressing health-related social needs among patients with cancer
Authors: Graboyes Evan M , Lee Simon C , Lindau Stacy Tessler , Adams Alyce S , Adjei Brenda A , Brown Mary , Sadigh Gelareh , Incudine Andrea , Carlos Ruth C , Ramsey Scott D , Bangs Rick 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Health-related social needs are prevalent among cancer patients; associated with substantial negative health consequences; and drive pervasive inequities in cancer incidence, severity, treatment choices and decisions, and outcomes. To address the lack of clinical trial evidence to guide health-related social needs interventions among cancer patients, the National Cancer Institute Cancer Care Delivery Research Steering Committee convened experts to participate in a clinical trials planning meeting with the goal of designing studies to screen for and address health-related social needs among cancer patients.
In this commentary, we discuss the rationale for, and challenges of, designing and testing health-related social needs interventions in alignment with the National Academy of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine 5As framework. Evidence for food, housing, utilities, interpersonal safety, and transportation health-related social needs interventions is analyzed. Evidence regarding health-related social needs and delivery of health-related social needs interventions differs in maturity and applicability to cancer context, with transportation problems having the most maturity and interpersonal safety the least. We offer practical recommendations for health-related social needs interventions among cancer patients and the caregivers, families, and friends who support their health-related social needs. Cross-cutting (ie, health-related social needs agnostic) recommendations include leveraging navigation (eg, people, technology) to identify, refer, and deliver health-related social needs interventions; addressing health-related social needs through multilevel interventions; and recognizing that health-related social needs are states, not traits, that fluctuate over time. Health-related social needs–specific interventions are recommended, and pros and cons of addressing more than one health-related social needs concurrently are characterized. Considerations for collaborating with community partners are highlighted. The need for careful planning, strong partners, and funding is stressed. Finally, we outline a future research agenda to address evidence gaps.
Rectal stercoral perforation: an uncommon anatomical localization of a rare surgical emergency
Authors: Vandaele Tom , Dekoninck Lisa , Vanhove Pauline , Devos Bart , Vandeputte Mathieu , Philippe Marc , Vlasselaers Johan 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
A stercoral rectal perforation is an uncommon cause of acute abdominal pain with only limited cases documented in medical literature. Timely and accurate imaging is essential when this condition is suspected, and immediate surgical intervention is imperative upon confirming the diagnosis of bowel perforation. Usually, the definitive diagnosis of a stercoral rectal perforation is established intraoperatively and a Hartmann procedure with (temporary) end colostomy is performed. In this case report, we present our first-hand experience in managing a stercoral rectal perforation, highlighting the importance of early diagnosis and rapid surgical intervention to achieve favorable outcomes.
Trend towards reduction of transfusion reactions using prestorage leukocyte-reduced and pooled whole blood–derived platelets and cost savings compared with poststorage whole blood–derived random platelets as evidenced by real-time hemovigilance
Authors: Park Nick , Correa Medina Mayrin , Martinez Fernando , Throssel Marla , Dasgupta Amitava , Knopfelmacher Adriana , Villamin Colleen , Rivas Sandra , Tomczak Nancy , Garg Saahith , Layton Lorraine , Klein Kimberly 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background
Due to chemotherapy-induced neutropenia or hematologic malignancies, immunocompromised cancer patients may have higher incidence of febrile nonhemolytic transfusion reactions compared with the general population and frequently require platelet transfusions. This quality improvement project compared the safety of transfusion using prestorage leukocyte-reduced and pooled whole blood–derived platelets (Acrodose/WBD) with conventionally produced poststorage WBD platelets (RDP) using an active hemovigilance system.

Methods
Every patient receiving a blood product at the hospital was virtually monitored in real time by trained nurses from a remote hemovigilance unit. These nurses monitor a digital dashboard, which populates a watch list of patients from the time blood product administration is initiated until 12 hours posttransfusion. Over the course of 6 months, 371 patients receiving 792 RDP transfusions and 423 patients receiving 780 Acrodose/WBD platelets transfusions were monitored for transfusion reactions.

Results
We identified 26 transfusion reactions in RDP but only 12 transfusion reactions in the Acrodose/WBD platelet group.

Conclusion
Acrodose platelet transfusion was associated with fewer transfusion reactions, which resulted in significant cost savings.
Detection of Blastomyces gilchristii via metagenomic sequencing in outbreak-associated soils
Authors: Linz Alexandra M , Anderson Jennifer L , Meece Jennifer K 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Cases of blastomycosis, a serious fungal disease globally rare but endemic to North America, can appear both sporadically and in outbreaks. Tracing these outbreaks to their environment has traditionally used culturing and polymerase chain reaction. Here, we present our method for metagenomic detection of Blastomyces in a 2015 outbreak soil sample from central Wisconsin. By sequencing this sample to multiple depths, we simulated the minimum required depth to detect Blastomyces in this outbreak. Our methods and recommendations can be used to identify the sources of blastomycosis during outbreaks and to learn about the ecology of Blastomyces.
A New Enigmatic Radio Relic in the Low-mass Cluster Abell 2108
Authors: Chatterjee Swarna , Rahaman Majidul , Datta Abhirup , Kale Ruta , Paul Surajit 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT
We report the discovery of a radio relic in the north-eastern periphery of the galaxy cluster Abell 2108 (A2108). A2108 is part of the uGMRT LOw-MAss Galaxy Cluster Survey (GLOMACS), where our main aim is to search for diffuse radio emission signatures in very sparsely explored low-mass galaxy clusters using uGMRT band-3 (central frequency 400 MHz). We used our uGMRT band-3 observations along with the existing archival band-3 uGMRT data to improve image sensitivity. Along with the previously reported south-western relic, the discovery of the new relic makes A2108 one of the few low-mass clusters hosting a double relic. The new relic spans over a region of 610 kpc × 310 kpc and, interestingly, differs considerably in size and morphology from the other relic. Using XMM–Newton science archive data, we also report the tentative detection of a mildly supersonic shock of Mach number $\mathcal {M}_\mathrm{SB}=1.42$ and $\mathcal {M}_\mathrm{T} = 1.43$ from the surface brightness and temperature discontinuities, respectively, near this newly found relic. Both the relics in A2108 are found to be significantly under-luminous compared with other double-relic systems in the mass–luminosity plane. Moreover, the north-eastern relic is remarkably under-luminous in the size–luminosity plane. Although mild supersonic shocks resulting from an off-axis merger could have influenced the origin of both relics, we hypothesize that local environments have played a crucial role in shaping their morphologies.