bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ứng dụng mô phỏng Monte Carlo trong đánh giá khả năng đạt đích dược động học/dược lực học (PK/PD) của một số chế độ liều imipenem trên trẻ sơ sinh tại Bệnh viện Phụ sản Trung ương
Authors: Ngọc Nguyễn Quỳnh 
Published: October 2023

Mục tiêu: Đánh giá khả năng đạt đích dược động học/dược lực học (PK/PD) của một số chế độ liều imipenem nhằm hướng tới tối ưu hóa chế độ liều trên đối tượng trẻ sơ sinh tại Trung tâm Chăm sóc & Điều trị sơ sinh, Bệnh viện Phụ sản Trung ương. Đối tượng và phương pháp: Các chế độ liều được sử dụng trên lâm sàng, chế độ liều được liệt kê trong tờ thông tin sản phẩm cùng với mức độ nhạy cảm của vi khuẩn đích của imipenem tại quần thể bệnh nhân sơ sinh được thu thập. Từ đó mô phỏng khả năng đạt đích PK/PD của các chế độ liều imipenem dựa trên phương pháp Monte Carlo sử dụng mô hình đã được công bố trước đó và đặc điểm vi sinh tại Bệnh viện Phụ sản Trung ương trên bệnh nhân sơ sinh. Lựa chọn đích PK/PD 40% T > MIC và 100% T > MIC để tính toán khả năng đạt đích (PTA). Từ đó tính được tỉ lệ đáp ứng tích lũy trên phân bố MIC quần thể vi khuẩn (CFR) để đề xuất các chế độ liệu phù hợp. Trong đó, chế độ liều được coi là đảm bảo hiệu quả điều trị tối ưu khi PTA ≥ 90% và CFR ≥ 80%. Kết quả: 96% nhóm vi khuẩn tại quần thể nghiên cứu còn nhạy cảm với imipenem có MIC chiếm chủ yếu là 0,19mg/l. Đối với đích 40% T > MIC, tất cả các chế độ liều đều giúp đạt đích PK/PD ở MIC ≤ 2mg/l. Đối với đích 100% T > MIC, các chế độ liều 35mg q12h, 25mg q8h và 25mg q6h giúp bao phủ tối đa MIC lần lượt là ≤ 0,25mg/l, 1mg/l và 2mg/l. Trên đích 40% T > MIC, tất cả các chế độ liều khảo sát đều đạt được hiệu quả điều trị (CFR ≥ 80%) đối với MIC50, MIC90 và toàn bộ quần thể vi khuẩn đích. Đối với đích 100% T > MIC, các chế độ liều 30mg q12h, 35mg q12h, 25mg q8h và 25mg q6h đều đạt được hiệu quả điều trị (CFR ≥ 80%) bao phủ 50%, 90% quần thể vi khuẩn đích. Với mục tiêu bao phủ toàn bộ 100% quần thể gram âm, chỉ có 2 chế độ liều là 25mg q8h và 25mg q6h giúp đạt hiệu quả điều trị. Kết luận: Nghiên cứu chỉ ra khả năng đạt đích PK/PD của các chế độ liều thông qua phương pháp mô phỏng Monte Carlo. Chế độ liều 25mg q6h và 25mg q8h là gợi ý phù hợp với đặc điểm vi sinh hiện có tại bệnh viện, giúp bao phủ được 100% quần thể vi khuẩn đích trên đối tượng trẻ sơ sinh tại Bệnh viện Phụ sản Trung ương.
Khảo sát tình hình sử dụng thuốc remdesivir trên người bệnh COVID-19 điều trị nội trú tại Bệnh viện Nguyễn Tri Phương
Authors: Hà Võ Thị 
Published: October 2023

Mục tiêu: Khảo sát đặc điểm sử dụng thuốc, kết quả điều trị bằng remdesivir và các yếu tố ảnh hưởng trên người bệnh (NB) COVID-19 điều trị nội trú được chỉ định thuốc remdesivir. Đối tượng và phương pháp: Nghiên cứu cắt ngang mô tả dựa vào hồi cứu hồ sơ bệnh án điều trị nội trú được chẩn đoán COVID-19 được chỉ định remdesivir từ ngày 01/8/2021 đến ngày 31/12/2021. Kết quả: Trong 92 NB dùng remdesivir, mức độ nặng khi nhập viện chiếm 39,1%, 61% cần hỗ trợ oxy, 90,2% có thâm nhiễm phổi. Đa số NB được chỉ định kháng sinh (96,6%), chống đông (97,8%) và chống viêm (93,7%) cùng lúc với remdesivir. Liều dùng, đường dùng và cách dùng remdersivir là hoàn toàn phù hợp. Có 23,9% không thuộc nhóm đối tượng được chỉ định và 4,3% được điều trị ngắn hơn 5 ngày bằng remdesivir do tử vong sớm. Có một NB tăng men gan. Đa số NB có cải thiện lâm sàng (83,7%) và đạt kết quả xuất viện tích cực (89,1%) với số ngày nằm viện trung vị là 11,5 (4-41). Tỷ lệ tử vong chiếm 8,7%. Thời gian hỗ trợ hô hấp của người bệnh là yếu tố duy nhất có ảnh hưởng đến thời gian nằm viện (p=0,013 và OR = 0,341 (0,145-0,798)). Kết luận: Phần lớn NB nhập viện vì COVID-19 trong nghiên cứu đã cải thiện lâm sàng và đạt kết quả tốt. Tuy nhiên, cần có các nghiên cứu ngẫu nhiên có nhóm chứng để đánh giá hiệu quả điều trị của remdesivir trên NB COVID-19.
Phân tích danh mục thuốc sử dụng tại Bệnh viện 199 Bộ Công an năm 2021
Authors: Anh Bùi Thị Ngọc 
Published: October 2023

Mục tiêu: Phân tích cơ cấu các nhóm thuốc sử dụng tại Bệnh viện 199 - Bộ Công an. Đối tượng và phương pháp: Hồi cứu cơ cấu danh mục thuốc đã sử dụng tại Bệnh viện 199 - Bộ Công an năm 2021. Kết quả: Bệnh viện sử dụng thuốc hóa dược chiếm 89,4% giá trị, thuốc cổ truyền chiếm 10,6% giá trị; thuốc cổ truyền được sử dụng chủ yếu tại Khoa Y học cổ truyền chiếm 89,4% giá trị, trong đó giá trị chế phẩm chiếm 38,5%, thuốc hóa dược sử dụng nhiều tại khoa: Thuốc kháng sinh (30,5%), hạ sốt, giảm đau (14,4%) và thuốc tim mạch (13,7%). Tại bệnh viện, nhóm chữa các bệnh về dương, về khí cao nhất về khoản mục (14,4%), nhóm An thần, định chí, dưỡng tâm cao nhất về giá trị (18,6%); Danh mục thuốc hóa dược nhóm sử dụng chi phí cao nhất là nhóm tim mạch 23,4%, tiếp theo là nhóm bệnh tiêu hóa 12,6% và bệnh gout, xương khớp 11,6%. Theo nguồn gốc thuốc trong nước chiếm 37,4% về khoản mục và 33,8% về giá trị. Kết luận: Danh mục thuốc sử dụng tại Bệnh viện 199 kết hợp cả thuốc hóa dược và y học cổ truyền. Cơ cấu thuốc hóa dược và cổ truyền tập trung vào một số nhóm thuốc chính: Tim mạch, tiêu hóa, xương khớp. Tỷ lệ thuốc nhập khẩu còn khá cao chưa phù hợp chủ trương ưu tiên sử dụng thuốc có nguồn gốc trong nước.
Weaponisation of trespass to land and its implications for land justice and enjoyment of property rights in neoliberal Uganda
Authors: Nakayi Rose 
Published: October 2023

Protection of the right toproperty is among the central concerns of Uganda’s Constitution and laws. The law on civil and criminal trespass aims at facilitating enjoyment of property by prescribing damages for civil trespass and penalty for criminal trespass. Despite this, criminal and civil trespass have been used as weapons by some actors in land conflicts to undermine property rights of weaker parties and escalate land conflicts. The relationship among property, land conflicts and trespass is a theme of empirical significance in Uganda. Yet, weaponisation of trespass and its repercussions on property rights and resolution of land conflicts in Uganda is not significantly studied. This paper fills this gap. It conceptualizes criminal and civil trespass as embedded in the law, and how they have been weaponised. Using qualitative methods (analysis of literature, court decisions, and web based material) the paper finds that criminal trespass has been weaponized to target weaker parties to land conflicts hence impacting on their property rights and delivery of land justice. Using the criminal justice system, they are charged with criminal trespass, incarcerated, and are unable to pursue civil remedies from courts of law, hence protracting the underlying civil/land dispute. Civil trespass has also been misused within Uganda’s escalating land dispute terrain; in pursuit of selfish objectives rather than of justice. Uganda’s neoliberal context is an enabler of all the above. Recalibration of the civil justice system for efficience and amendment to section 302 to offer clarity on the boundaries of its application are recommended.
Precision Medicine in Low- and Middle-Income Countries
Authors: Mathew Thomas Vinay , Linden Hannah , Gralow Julie , Van Loon Katherine , Williams LaToya , Dubard-Gault Marianne , Maria Lopez Ana 
Published: October 2023

Dr. Julie Gralow delivered the plenary session on the topic “Precision Medicine in Low- and Middle-Income Countries” during session 7. She explored the barriers to precision oncology in low and middle-income countries. She detailed the examples of initiatives that have improved the availability and accessibility of cancer medicines, such as the World Health Organization model list of essential medicines, the Max Foundation, and the Union for International Cancer Control Access to Oncology Medicines Coalition. She also discussed initiatives that have improved access to diagnostics in low and middle-income countries, such as The American Society of Clinical Pathology Partners for Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment in Africa and the “Spot on CML” test. Some methods to increase the capacity and infrastructure for precision medicine, such as molecular tumor boards and the National Cancer Grid of India, were also discussed. She closed her talk with an appeal to push for equitable access to precision medicine through international cooperation. Following her address, a question-and-answer session brought an end to session 7.
Morphological, Biochemical and Molecular Docking Evaluation of the Anti-inflammatory Effects of Methanolic Extract of Bridelia ferruginea stem bark on Acetic acid-induced Ulcerative Colitis in Rats
Authors: Oluwagbamila Omolaso Blessing , Adeniran Adeoti , Adeniran Kayode , Abioye Alfred , Nathaniel-Ukwa Esther 
Published: October 2023

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic disorder that involves inflammation. This study was carried out to examine the anti-inflammatory effect of the methanol extract of Brideliaferrugineastem barkinAcetic acid-induced ulcerative colitis inmaleWistarrats. Twenty-four rats were randomly divided into 6 groups of 4 animals each, colitis was thereafter induced by intrarectal administration of4% (v/v)Aceticacidin all except group 1, which received distilled water. For post-colitis induction treatment group 2 received distilled water, groups 3, 4 and 5 were orally administeredthe extract at doses of 100mg/kg, 200mg/kg and 400mg/kg, respectively while group 6 received sulfasalazine 500mg/kg orally.Post colitis induction, treatment lasted for 7 days and at the end of the experiment, colon samples were collected for estimation of antioxidant, inflammatory and histological parameters. Molecular docking study was also carried out to gain more insights about the promising anti-inflammatory compounds earlier identified in the extract.Results revealed that the extract significantly (p<0.05) attenuated the increased MDA, nitrite,TNF-α and IL-6 levels. Activities of SOD, CAT, MPO and GSH levelswere also, significantly (p<0.05) increased. Furthermore, molecular docking study revealed that α-amyrin may have contributed significantly to the anti-inflammatory activity of the extract because of its remarkable binding affinity for IL-6, iNOS, IL1-β,TNF-α and COX-2 relative to prednisolone and celecoxib. This study suggests that the extract attenuated acetic acid-induced colitis via antioxidative and anti-inflammatory mechanisms.
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Detrimental Effects of Saccharum officinarum Juice on Reproductive Functions of Female Wistar Rats
Authors: Ogunwole Eunice , Ebong Jane Essien , Audu Lazarus Abraham 
Published: October 2023

Changing dietary compositions have contributed to the growing epidemic of metabolic diseases with serious impacts on several aspects of health, including reproductive health. Saccharum officinarum juice has a natural sweetness that makes the general populace relinquish its use as a sweet course and well-known raw material for the production of refined sugar. Studies have reported adverse effects of this juice on male reproductive functions, but there is a paucity of information on females. This study investigated the effects of fresh Saccharum officinarum juice on the reproductive functions of female Wistar rats. A sugarcane press juicer was used to extract Saccharum officinarum juice. Twenty female Wistar rats (180-200 g) grouped into four (n = 5) received 1.0 mL/kg/day distilled water (control), and 1.0, 3.2, and 10.0 mL/kg/day of fresh Saccharum officinarum juice once daily for 21 days by gavage. Serum follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, and estrogen levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELIZA). The estrous cycle was assessed using the Marcondes principle and histology of the ovary and uterus were assessed by microscopy. Data were analyzed using the Analysis of variance at a significance of p < 0.05. Saccharum officinarum juice caused an increase in the body weight and serum levels of follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone. It altered the estrous cycle by increasing the frequency of occurrence of the proestrus phase but reduced that of the metestrus phase. The juice altered the cytoarchitecture of the ovaries via vacuolations and cysts within the ovarian stroma, while the uterine section showed distorted endometrial lining and glands. Saccharum officinarum juice inflamed the ovaries and distorted the estrous cycle and uterine endometrial lining. Saccharum officinarum juice consumption may possess deleterious effects on the reproductive functions of female Wistar rats.

Keywords: Saccharum officinarum juice, Ovary, Uterus, Estrous cycle, Infertility.
Mucuna pruriens seed repeals the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis disruption following carbamazepine treatment in male Wistar rats
Authors: Osuntokun Opeyemi , Olayiwola Gbola , Abayomi Taiwo Adekemi , Lawal Alimat Toyin , Adeleke Opeyemi Samson , Ayoka Abiodun Oladele 
Published: October 2023

This study examined the potential effects of Mucuna pruriens (MP) seed powder on the disruptions of the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis caused by the carbamazepine (CBZ) treatment in male Wistar rats. A total of 35 male Wistar rats were randomized into 5 groups (n=7). The animal in group 1 received normal saline (0.2 ml) orally, while groups 2-5 received carbamazepine (CBZ) 25 mg/kg per oral. Groups 1, and 2 were fed with standard rats’ chow, while groups 3-5 rats were supplied with a diet containing MP seed powder at 2.25 g, 1.5 g, and 0.75 g respectively. The serum level of male reproductive hormones, estradiol, seminal profiles, and histoarchitecture of the hypothalamus, pituitary, and testis was delineated. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the result. There was a marked decrease in the testicular weight, follicle-stimulating hormone, testosterone concentration, and normal sperm cells in the CBZ, and CBZ + MP (2.25 mg/kg) treatment groups. There was a marked increase in the testicular tissue lipid peroxidation in the CBZ, and CBZ + MP (g) treated rats in addition to various morphological alterations in the hypothalamus, pituitary, and testis. These anomalies were receded in the CBZ + MP (1.5 g), and CBZ + MP (0.75 g) treatment groups. Consumption of MP (1.5 g, and 0.75 g) may alleviate the injurious effects of CBZ treatment on the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular functions.
Neurobehavioural and Histological Study of the Effects of Low-Dose and High-Dose Vanadium in Brain, Liver and Kidney of Mice
Authors: Gilbert Taidinda , Olaolorun Francis , Ladagu Amany , Olopade Funmilayo , Igado Olumayowa , Olopade James 
Published: October 2023

Vanadium is a ubiquitous transition metal that has been generating contrasting research interest. Therapeutically, vanadium possess antidiabetic, antitumor, antiparasitic and even neuroprotective activities. On the flip side, vanadium has been reported to cause multisystemic toxicities with a strong predilection for the nervous system. Despite several reports on potential benefits of low-dose vanadium (LDV) and toxic effects of high-dose vanadium (HDV), there are no comparative studies done thus far. This study therefore explored the comparative effects of LDV and HDV exposure in mice during postnatal development. A total of nine (9) nursing mice were used in this study; with three nursing mice and their pups (n = 12 pups per group) randomly assigned to each of the three test groups. The nursing dam were given intraperitoneal (i.p) injection of vanadium at 0.15mg/kg and 3mg/kg for LDV and HDV respectively, and subseqently to the pups from postnatal day (PND) 15 till sacrifice on PND 90. We discovered that neurodevelopmental motor function test of mice-pups exposed to LDV here showed improved motor development, muscular strength and memory capacities whereas HDV led to motor function impairment, reduced muscular strength and memory capacities. LDV-exposed mice showed mild histological lesions in cerebral cortex whereas high-dose showed distinct histological lesions in different parts of the brain ranging from cerebellar Purkinje neuronal pathology (central chromatolysis), pyramidal neuronal loss in CA1 region, architectural distortion as well as fewer neurons in olfactory bulb. We saw mild lesions with LDV in both liver and kidney, however, with HDV exposure, there was diffuse hepatocellular vacuolar degeneration and congestion of blood vessels in liver, shrinkage of renal glomerulus and degenerated epithelial cells of kidney. Conclusively, beneficial effect of vanadium is proven as it facilitated body weight gain which translate in organ weight at low-dose, while high-dose caused decreased neurobehaviour and histological lesions.
Evaluation of the Physical Treatment Success in Patients with Peripheral Nerve Injury Caused by Firearm
Authors: Skrijelj Mediha 
Published: October 2023

Background: All wars bring high incidence of patients with peripheral nerve injuries, and many of today's knowledge about degeneration, regeneration and surgical treatment in this casuistry come from the period of the global world conflict. Such injuries do not endanger life, but the function of the extremities is threatened, which manifests itself in motor and sensory outbursts, as well as negative psychological implications. Objective: The aims of this article were: a) To present the method of monitoring physical treatment in a patient with a peripheral nerve injury; b) To perform a quantitative analysis of nerve lesions caused by firearms (n = 445);; c)	To present the effects of physical treatment for this condition;; d) To analyze the time interval from injury to healing (n = 220);; e) Determine the time from injury until the surgery. Results: Anatomical disruption of axons with complete Waler degeneration. The connective tissue network remains intact and the endoneurium can guide the regenerated nerve fibers to their destination. Spontaneous functional recovery can be expected in 12 to 18 months. Clinical evaluation shows a deficit in the innervation area of damaged axons with muscle atrophy and loss of sensitivity. Nerve recovery can be inhibited by scar formations at the site of injury. Complete interruption of the nerve. Functional recovery is not possible without surgical intervention. Paralysis of mm. atrophy, anesthesia and atrophic skin changes are visible. Conclusion: Rehabilitation is a delicate problem and requires long-term treatment and multidisciplinary cooperation, and is carried out in accordance with the principles of peripheral nerve repair. Factors that facilitate successful regeneration are: a) Pre and post-operative physical treatment; b) Younger age; c) Shorter time since injury (<6 months); d) More distal level of the lesion; e) Absence of factors complicating the injury (infection); and f) The first signs of nerve recovery are the return of sweating and pain.
Good Faith in English Contract Law: Should the Law Retreat?
Authors: Tassoni Alberto 
Published: October 2023

English courts have traditionally adopted a highly restrictive approach when implying good faith terms in commercial contracts. However, a series of recent judgments has seemed to depart from this tradition. In this paper, first, I reinforce and expand upon arguments that doctrinal support for the implication of such terms is lacking. Second, I clarify why the semantic behaviour of ‘good faith’, contrary to what is typically claimed, does not amount to innocent context-sensitivity. I present a new account of what is distinctively objectionable about implying good-faith terms and also demonstrate its explanatory power. These results also inform the moral architecture of English contract law, suggesting that it should be more minimalist than it might have been thought.
Good faith, Contract law, implication of terms, context-sensitivity, legal certainty.
Is the Derivative Action Regime in India a Historical Relic?
Authors: Jha Abhijnan , Misra Urvashi 
Published: October 2023

In 1843, the Court of Chancery pronounced its landmark judgment in Foss v. Harbottle.((1843) 67 ER 189) The judgment sparked the evolution of a critical common law remedy, in the form of derivative actions, to protect a company’s interests. Soon courts in other countries, including India, adopted this approach, allowing interested parties to initiate suits on behalf of companies. Over time, most countries, including the United Kingdom, proceeded to codify derivative actions into a statutory remedy. India however continued with the common law route.
Indian civil courts have been entertaining derivative actions, initiated by interested parties on a company’s behalf, for several years now. However, recently an interesting judicial trend has emerged wherein High Courts are restricting the jurisdiction to consider such actions solely to the National Company Law Tribunal (NCPL), a specialized forum established for adjudicating upon company law related matters.
In this article, we discuss the reasons leading to this new trend, the position taken by the High Courts on derivative actions in three recent judgments, the shortcomings of this approach and its impact on the future of corrective actions which may be initiated by third parties on the company’s behalf in India.
Big data, business secret, cybersecurity, data right, e-commerce platform, information processing, legal boundary, market competition, network platform, personal privacy
Rethinking Directors’ Statutory Fiduciary Duties in the Commonwealth Caribbean: Should Sequana be Followed?
Authors: Lopez Akeem 
Published: October 2023

The scope and nature of directors’ duties has been the subject of much judicial and academic debate. In the recent BTI 2014 LLC v. Sequana SA decision, the UK Supreme Court firmly established the creditor duty in English company law. This paper proposes to examine the basis and nature of the duty including its Commonwealth origin. The focal point of this paper is to determine the question of whether such a creditor duty would be accepted as existing by courts in the Commonwealth Caribbean. In providing the answer to that question, this article makes reference to numerous Canadian cases in which the question was answered and many scholarly works which advocate against the creditor duty.
Commonwealth, Commonwealth Caribbean, Directors’ Fiduciary Duty, Creditor Duty, BTI 2014 LLC v. Sequana, Companies Act
Ties that bind and ties that compel: Dependency and the Ruiz Zambrano doctrine
Authors: Ristuccia Fulvia 
Published: October 2023

In EU citizenship law, dependency is a pivotal concept when it comes to the rights of non-EU family members of Union citizens. Under certain circumstances, those family members may earn a derived right to reside, either because they are dependent on a Union citizen or the latter depends on them. The concept of dependency is particularly crucial in the Ruiz Zambrano doctrine, according to which Article 20 TFEU grants a derivative right to reside in the EU citizen’s home State to the non-EU family member if their departure would compel the dependent Union citizen to leave the territory of the EU as a whole, thus impinging on the substance of citizenship rights. Due to the significance of dependency in Ruiz Zambrano cases, where it triggers the application of EU law, that concept is continuously evolving. This article, therefore, aims to review the development of the notion of dependency, its intertwined dimensions – legal, financial, and emotional – highlighting the differences in the degree of dependency expected in free movement (when required) and in Ruiz Zambrano cases, and the increasingly divergent role of fundamental rights in the appraisal of dependency for children and adults.
EU citizenship law, dependency, Ruiz Zambrano doctrine, third-country nationals, free movement law