bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study of solar brightness profiles in the 18–26 GHz frequency range with INAF radio telescopes
Authors: Marongiu M. , Pellizzoni A. , Mulas S. , Righini S. , Nesti R. , Murtas G. , Egron E. , Iacolina M. N. , Melis A. , Valente G. , Serra G. , Guglielmino S. L. , Zanichelli A. , Romano P. , Loru S. , Bachetti M. , Bemporad A. , Buffa F. , Concu R. , Deiana G. L. , Karakotia C. , Ladu A. , Maccaferri A. , Marongiu P. , Messerotti M. , Navarrini A. , Orfei A. , Ortu P. , Pili M. , Pisanu T. , Pupillo G. , Saba A. , Schirru L. , Tiburzi C. , Zucca P. 
Published: February 2024

Context. The Sun is an extraordinary workbench, on which several fundamental astronomical parameters can be measured with high precision. Among these parameters, the solar radius R⊙ plays an important role in several aspects, for instance, in evolutionary models. Moreover, it conveys information about the structure of the different layers that compose the solar interior and its atmosphere. Despite the efforts to obtain accurate measurements of R⊙, the subject is still debated, and measurements are puzzling and/or lacking in many frequency ranges.
Aims. We determine the mean, equatorial, and polar radii of the Sun (Rc, Req, and Rpol) in the frequency range 18.1 − 26.1 GHz. We employed single-dish observations from the newly appointed Medicina Gavril Grueff Radio Telescope and the Sardinia Radio Telescope (SRT) in five years, from 2018 to mid-2023, in the framework of the SunDish project for solar monitoring.
Methods. Two methods for calculating the radius at radio frequencies were employed and compared: the half-power, and the inflection point. To assess the quality of our radius determinations, we also analysed the possible degrading effects of the antenna beam pattern on our solar maps using two 2D models (ECB and 2GECB). We carried out a correlation analysis with the evolution of the solar cycle by calculating Pearson’s correlation coefficient ρ in the 13-month running means.
Results. We obtained several values for the solar radius, ranging between 959 and 994 arcsec, and ρ, with typical errors of a few arcseconds. These values constrain the correlation between the solar radius and solar activity, and they allow us to estimate the level of solar prolatness in the centimeter frequency range.
Conclusions. Our R⊙ measurements are consistent with the values reported in the literature, and they provide refined estimates in the centimeter range. The results suggest a weak prolateness of the solar limb (Req > Rpol), although Req and Rpol are statistically compatible within 3σ errors. The correlation analysis using the solar images from the Grueff Radio Telescope shows (1) a positive correlation between solar activity and the temporal variation in Rc (and Req) at all observing frequencies, and (2) a weak anti-correlation between the temporal variation of Rpol and solar activity at 25.8 GHz.
Ferroptosis: A Frontier in Osteoporosis
Authors: Maheshwari Shubhrat , Singh Aditya , Verma Amita 
Published: February 2024

AbstractReduced bone mass and degeneration of the microarchitecture of bone tissue are
the hallmarks of osteoporosis, a bone metabolic disease that increases skeletal
fragility and fracture susceptibility. Osteoporosis is primarily caused by
unbalanced bone remodeling, in which bone synthesis is outpaced by bone
resorption caused by osteoclasts. Along with the bone-building vitamins calcium
and vitamin D, typical medications for treating osteoporosis include
bisphosphonates and calcitonin. The present therapies effectively stop
osteoclast activation that is too high, however they come with varying degrees
of negative effects. Numerous factors can contribute to osteoporosis, which is
characterized by a loss of bone mass and density due to the deterioration of the
bone’s microstructure, which makes the bone more fragile. As a result,
it is a systemic bone condition that makes patients more likely to fracture.
Interest in the function of ferroptosis in the pathophysiology of osteoporosis
is developing. In this review, we go through the shape of the cell, the
fundamental mechanisms of ferroptosis, the relationship between osteoclasts and
osteoblasts, the association between ferroptosis and diabetic osteoporosis,
steroid-induced osteoporosis, and the relationship between ferroptosis and
postmenopausal osteoporosis. The functions of ferroptosis and osteoporosis in
cellular function, signaling cascades, pharmacological inhibition, and gene
silencing have been better understood thanks to recent advances in biomedical
research.
Die Intelligenz der Pflanzen
Authors: Dorstewitz Hartmut 
Published: February 2024

SummaryEinige Pflanzenstoffe wirken ähnlich wie Antibiotika. Diese sogenannten Phytobiotika können Bakterien und – im Gegensatz zu Antibiotika – auch Viren unschädlich machen. Neben antibakteriellen und antiviralen Eigenschaften haben die verschiedenen Heilpflanzen noch weitere Effekte. So wirkt Salbei zum Beispiel adstringierend, Kamille antiphlogistisch, wundheilungsfördernd und analgetisch, Thymian oder Primel schleimhautregenerierend und Efeu spasmolytisch bzw. antiobstruktiv. Heilpflanzen kommen unter anderem bei grippalen Infekten, Atemwegserkrankungen, Ohrentzündungen und Magen-Darm-Infekten zum Einsatz.
Periostin Promotes the Proliferation, Differentiation and
Mineralization of Osteoblasts from Ovariectomized Rats
Authors: Yan Jun , Wang Zidong , Xian Li , Wang Dawei , Chen Yunzhen , Bai Jie , Liu Hai-juan 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPerimenopausal period causes a significant amount of bone loss, which results in
primary osteoporosis (OP). The Periostin (Postn) may play important roles in the
pathogenesis of OP after ovariectomized (OVX) rats. To identify the roles of
Postn in the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell derived osteoblasts (BMSC-OB) in
OVX rats, we investigated the expression of Wnt/β-catenin
signaling pathways in BMSC-OB and the effects of Postn on bone formation by
development of BMSC-OB cultures. Twenty-four female Sprague–Dawley rats
at 6 months were randomized into 3 groups: sham-operated (SHAM) group, OVX group
and OVX+Postn group. The rats were killed after 3 months, and their
bilateral femora and tibiae were collected for BMSC-OB culture, Micro-CT
Analysis, Bone Histomorphometric Measurement, Transmission Electron Microscopy
and Immunohistochemistry Staining. The dose/time-dependent effects of
Postn on the proliferation, differentiation and mineralization of BMSC-OB and
the expression of osteoblastic markers were measured in in vitro experiments. We
found increased Postn increased bone mass, promoted bone formation of
trabeculae, Wnt signaling and the osteogenic activity in osteoblasts in
sublesional femur. Postn have the function to enhance cell proliferation,
differentiation and mineralization at a proper concentration and incubation
time. Interestingly, in BMSC-OB from OVX rats treated with the different dose of
Postn, the osteoblastic markers expression and Wnt/β-catenin
signaling pathways were significantly promoted. The direct effect of Postn may
lead to inhibit excessive bone resorption and increase bone formation through
the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways after OVX. Postn may play a
very important role in the pathogenesis of OP after OVX.
Assessment of Microhardness of Bulk-Fill Class II Resin Composite Restorations Performed by Preclinical Students: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Hassan Ali Abdel-Halim Abdel-Azim , Sindi Abdulelah Sameer , Atout Abeer Mohamed , Morsy Mohamed SM , Mattoo Khurshid A. , Obulareddy Vishnu Teja , Mathur Ankita , Mehta Vini 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Objectives A comparable performance between bulk-fill composites (BFCs) and progressively inserted conventional resin composite (CRC) has been observed in previous studies. However, a significant number of dental institutions in India continue to employ incremental techniques for RC restorations during preclinical studies. But as BFCs are gaining popularity, they may soon be a part of the curriculum for dental students. The aim of this study was to assess the microhardness and the polymerization efficiency of bulk-fill composites versus CRC in class II slot preparations restored by second-year dental students on ivorine mandibular first molar teeth with high-intensity (HI) and low-intensity (LI) light-curing units using the standard mesial slot preparation technique.
Material and Methods Fifty preclinical dental students of second year of a dental college were recruited for the study on a voluntary basis. During their preclinical instructions, all participants were taught and made to practice the handling and curing techniques for two-surface RC restorations for 4 months. Each student was asked to perform four RC restorations: CRC-HI, CRC-LI, BFC-HI, and BFC LI. Assessment of microhardness was done using the Vickers microhardness (VMH) test.
Statistical analysis One-way and multivariate analysis of variance and Bonferroni 's post hoc test tests were used for data analysis.
Results The results showed a significant decrease in the VMH readings in the horizontal axis, progressing from the uppermost to the lowermost positions (p > 0.05). In all the examined groups, the VMH values at the deepest reading locations were found to be higher than 80% of the values observed at the occlusal surface reading locations. Statistically significant associations were seen between the RC type and the light source used in the VMH readings conducted (p > 0.05). However, no significant correlation was identified between the type of light source and the vertical VMH readings (p > 0.05).
Conclusion Instructing dental students to place RC restorations using CRC or BFC materials together with both HI and LI light-curing protocols is safe and can be considered for preclinical studies.
Developing 3D-Printed Wrist Splints for Distal Radius and Scaphoid Fractures
Authors: Tobler-Ammann Bernadette , Schuind Frédéric , Voillat Loïc , Gentilhomme Théophile , Vögelin Esther , Murith Noé , Masserey Bernard 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background The purpose of this study is to optimize conservative treatment of distal radius and scaphoid fracture, in terms of comfort, fracture stabilization, and prevention of cast complications.
Description of Technique Advances in additive manufacturing have allowed the development of patient-specific anatomical braces (PSABs) which have the potential to fulfill this purpose. Our specific aims were to develop a model of PSAB, adapted to fracture care, to evaluate if this brace would be well tolerated by healthy volunteers and to determine its mechanical properties as compared with conventional methods of wrist immobilization.
Materials and Methods Several three-dimensional-printed splint prototypes were designed by mechanical engineers based on surgeons' and hand therapists' clinical expertise. These experimental braces underwent testing in a preclinical study involving 10 healthy volunteers, assessing comfort, satisfaction, and activities. The final prototype was mechanically compared with a conventional cast and a prefabricated splint, testing different closing systems. A mathematical algorithm was created to automatically adapt the final PSAB model to the patient's anatomy.
Results The final prototype achieved an overall satisfaction score of 79%, weighing less than 90 g, made from polyamide, and fixed using hook and loop straps. The PSAB stiffness varied between 0.64 and 0.99 Nm/degree, surpassing the performance of both conventional plaster casts and prefabricated splints.
Conclusion The final wrist PSAB model, adapted for fracture treatment, is lightweight, comfortable, and provides anatomical contention. It is currently being tested for the treatment of stable distal radius and scaphoid fractures in comparison to conventional plaster cast.
Concurrent Chronic Limb Threatening Ischemia and Deep Vein Thrombosis of a Limb in Patient with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Case Report
Authors: Kartamihardja Achmad Hafiedz Azis , Pranata Raymond , Suriyanto Margareta Ginanti Ratna Indraswari , Tiksnadi Badai Bhatara , Hidayat Syarief 
Published: February 2024

AbstractConcurrent thrombus formation in both the arterial and venous systems is rare and present as a diagnostic challenge in these cases; therefore, we must explore various possible etiologies and mechanisms. Herein, we report a case of concurrent chronic limb threatening ischemia (CLTI) and deep vein thrombosis (DVT) of a limb in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and chronic heart failure who underwent laboratory examinations and multimodality imaging. A 37-year-old male presented with a complaint of pain and swelling of the lower left extremity since 21 days before admission. Echocardiography showed dilated all chambers with ejection fraction, moderate-to-severe pericardial effusion, and no intracardiac shunt. Doppler ultrasound of the lower extremities showed DVT at the left mid-femoral and popliteal vein, severe stenosis at the left dorsalis pedis artery, moderate stenosis of the left popliteal, anterior, and posterior tibial arteries, and soft tissue swelling in the tibial region. Computed tomography angiography showed significant stenosis of the left popliteal, anterior, and posterior tibial arteries. The patient was diagnosed with CLTI and DVT of the left inferior extremity, heart failure, SLE, and tuberculous meningitis on antituberculosis medication. Primary amputation was performed, and the patient was discharged uneventfully.Concurrent CLTI and DVT in the same limb caused by SLE and heart failure is a rare condition. In this case, the probable causes were hypercoagulable state and vasculitis. Despite exhaustive attempts, the exact mechanism was not fully elucidated in this patient. However, we excluded other possible causes that require specific intervention, such as intracardiac shunt or phlegmasia cerulea dolens.
Formative Ideas of the National University: A Thematic Analysis of Texts from the Long 19th Century
Authors: Bengson Nex 
Published: February 2024

AbstractFor the most part, the concept of the “national university” possess significant overlaps with the public/state, civic, and flagship university. Toward enriching the conceptual toolkit of higher education, this study explores what has been meant by a 'national university' and how could we identify such an organization empirically. Through a thematic analysis of a digital corpus in English, the study identifies four substantive themes that characterize the national university as it was articulated during the formative period of the nation-state. The core themes of such a concept include functioning as a tool for state development in terms of human capital, cultural identity, and social networks; serving as a nation’s most advanced learning institution; providing meritocratic higher education without discrimination and in consideration of subnational divisions; and possessing a definite link with the central government. Comparing these findings with closely related organizational models in higher education, a key difference of the national university is in its role in articulating a national identity through providing advanced education that is particularly inclusive of subnational divisions. The paper further forwards two contrasting empirical approaches to the national university: a historical–legal de jure approach and a sociocultural de facto approach.
Geometric approach for determining stationary phase points in radar imaging
Authors: Luomei Yixiang , Yin Tiantian , Tan Kai , Chen Xudong 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This paper proposes a geometric approach to find out the stationary phase points in radar imaging, namely the coordinates of the transmitting and the receiving antennas that have the greatest contribution to a specified point in the wavenumber spectrum of the scattered field. The foundation of the proposed approach is that, the Green’s function can be approximated by a locally plane wave when the distance between the individual antennas and the object is much larger than the wavelength. In this way, the stationary phase points can be easily found through geometric calculations, much more convenient than the prevailing algebraic approach of letting the first derivative of the phase term to be zero. Six examples for different propagation backgrounds and antenna setups are provided in this paper. It is demonstrated that, the proposed method is beneficial in eliminating extraneous roots of the stationary phase points, which could be generated by letting the first derivative of the phase term to be zero in the stationary phase method.
Metamaterial control of the surface acoustic wave streaming jet
Authors: Pouya C , Nash G R 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The phenomenon of surface acoustic wave (SAW) streaming, where a streaming jet is created, occurs when an SAW propagating on the surface of a solid interacts with water, and underpins the increasingly important area of SAW microfluidics. A key characteristic of the streaming jet is the Rayleigh angle, i.e. the angle at which the jet is formed relative to the surface normal of the solid, which is determined by the ratio of the velocity of the acoustic wave in the fluid and in the solid. Although the ability to dynamically tune this angle would offer a novel tool for microfluidic control, the SAW velocity is normally fixed by the characteristics of the solid and liquid material properties. In this paper we show, using finite element method modelling, that changing the SAW Rayleigh wave phase velocity by patterning a metamaterial array, consisting of square annular holes, onto the surface of an SAW device can change the acoustic streaming Rayleigh angle by approximately a factor of two, in good agreement with calculations based on the change in velocity.
Experimental study on the life and performance of an improved DC arc plasma torch
Authors: Hu Ya-Hao , Sun Su-Rong , Meng Xian , Huang He-Ji , Wang Hai-Xing 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
A novel DC arc plasma torch is designed in this paper in order to reduce the electrode erosion, and a series of experiments are carried out to investigate how to improve the lifetime and performance of the nitrogen DC arc plasma torch. The analysis of voltage characteristics of the plasma torch indicates that the interelectrode insert can increase the average arc voltage and the sudden expansion structure can reduce the voltage fluctuation, which is helpful to improve the working stability to some extent. The spectrum characteristics at the plasma torch outlet and the cold flow simulations show that the dual shielding gas mainly act near the anode and can effectively cover the entire anode wall. Combining the shielding gas distribution with anode heat transfer processes in argon and nitrogen plasma torch, it is inferred that argon shielding gas plays an important role on reducing the anode heat transfer processes in nitrogen plasma torch, which can effectively suppress the anode erosion. The life testing experimental results find that there is no significant erosion of the cathode, anode, and interelectrode insert after cumulative working time exceeding 20 h. The maximum nitrogen plasma jet length can reach ∼35 mm with the outlet jet temperature of about 20 000 K at the current of 100 A and nitrogen gas flow rate of 10 slm. The maximum average specific enthalpy and thermal efficiency are respectively about 14 MJ kg−1 and 75% in the nitrogen plasma torch. Therefore, this newly designed DC arc plasma torch not only can suppress the electrode erosion but also has good working performance, which is expected to have excellent application prospects.
Exploring thermal properties of PbSnTeSe and PbSnTeS high entropy alloys with machine-learned potentials
Authors: Chang Chun-Ming 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Lattice thermal conductivity plays an important role in material science, especially significant in thermoelectric materials. Recent research has unveiled the potential of high entropy alloys (HEAs) as good candidates for thermoelectric materials due to their notably low lattice thermal conductivity. This study investigates the lattice thermal conductivities of two specific HEAs, namely PbSnTeSe and PbSnTeS, through the application of molecular dynamics simulations (MDS) with machine-learned potentials. The findings not only demonstrate substantial agreement with experimental results for PbSnTeSe but also highlight the precision and efficiency of machine-learned potentials as a powerful tool in material research. The combination of machine-learned potentials with classical MDS offers an effective solution for simulating the thermodynamic properties of complicated systems like HEAs, with accuracy comparable to first-principle calculations. Furthermore, the investigation reveals that the lattice thermal conductivities of PbSnTeS are lower than those of PbSnTeSe, indicating its potential as a promising candidate for thermoelectric materials.
Multiparametric MR-based radiomics fusion combined with quantitative stratified ADC-defined tumor habitats for differentiating TNBC versus non-TNBC
Authors: Zhang Wanli , Liang Fangrong , Zhao Yue , Li Jiamin , He Chutong , Zhao Yandong , Lai Shengsheng , Xu Yongzhou , Ding Wenshuang , Wei Xinhua , Jiang Xinqing , Yang Ruimeng , Zhen Xin 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Objective. To investigate the incremental value of quantitative stratified apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) defined tumor habitats for differentiating triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) from non-TNBC on multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) based feature-fusion radiomics (RFF) model. Approach. 466 breast cancer patients (54 TNBC, 412 non-TNBC) who underwent routine breast MRIs in our hospital were retrospectively analyzed. Radiomics features were extracted from whole tumor on T2WI, diffusion-weighted imaging, ADC maps and the 2nd phase of dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI. Four models including the RFF model (fused features from all MRI sequences), RADC model (ADC radiomics feature), StratifiedADC model (tumor habitas defined on stratified ADC parameters) and combinational RFF-StratifiedADC model were constructed to distinguish TNBC versus non-TNBC. All cases were randomly divided into a training (n = 337) and test set (n = 129). The four competing models were validated using the area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity, specificity and accuracy. Main results. Both the RFF and StratifiedADC models demonstrated good performance in distinguishing TNBC from non-TNBC, with best AUCs of 0.818 and 0.773 in the training and test sets. StratifiedADC model revealed significant different tumor habitats (necrosis/cysts habitat, chaotic habitat or proliferative tumor core) between TNBC and non-TNBC with its top three discriminative parameters (p < 0.05). The integrated RFF-StratifiedADC model demonstrated superior accuracy over the other three models, with higher AUCs of 0.832 and 0.784 in the training and test set, respectively (p < 0.05). Significance. The RFF-StratifiedADC model through integrating various tumor habitats’ information from whole-tumor ADC maps-based StratifiedADC model and radiomics information from mpMRI-based RFF model, exhibits tremendous promise for identifying TNBC.