bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implications of Intrauterine Contraceptive Device on Cervical Health: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Gowardhan Vidula Prashant , Karmarkar Pragati J. , Dongre Trupti 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background:
Amongst long acting, reversible contraceptives, Intrauterine contraceptive devices (IUCDs) are popularly used. While IUCDs are generally safe and effective, they can sometimes cause cytopathological changes in the cervix and endometrium. The most common cytopathological changes associated with IUCDs include inflammatory response in the endometrium and cervix, which can lead to the formation of granulomas and other inflammatory lesions, squamous metaplasia and endometrial hyperplasia. IUCDs can sometimes cause atypia in the glandular cells of the cervix, which may indicate a precancerous or cancerous condition.

Aims and Objectives:
This study was aimed at cytopathologic changes seen in cervicovaginal smears in IUCD users.

Material and Methods:
This descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital over a period of 1 year.

Results:
In this study, maximum number of IUCD users belonged to age group 21 to 30 years and parity wise maximum number of patients were in P-2 group (65.78%). As duration of Cu-T increased, incidence of infection was found to be increased. The most frequent chief presenting complaint was excessive discharge per vaginum (49.13%). In our study specific causes of cervical infection in UCD users were reported as trichomanias 0.8% and candida species 12.07% respectively. We observed that most of the cases initially thought to be LSIL were later attributed to reactive changes specific to IUCD use. Prevalence of LSIL 5.26% and HSIL 0.87% have been reported.

Conclusion:
These cytopathological changes don’t occur in all the IUCD users and most of changes that do occur are benign and do not require treatment. However, women who use IUCDs should undergo regular cervical cancer screening to detect any abnormal changes that may require further investigation or treatment.
Benefits and Risks of Animal-assisted Interventions in Pediatric Health Care: A Mini Review
Authors: Vashe Asha , Bernhardt Liegelin Kavitha , Bernhardt Grisilda Vidya , Bhat Sujatha 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Animal-assisted therapy (AAT) is a form of therapeutic approach aimed at faster achievement of therapeutic goals, through the use of certain animals. It is generally used as an adjunct or alternative therapy in people receiving other treatments for their health conditions. In recent decades, significant number of studies, to evaluate the effect of AAT on physical, psychological, social, and academic well-being of pediatric population have been completed, and most of these studies have proved AAT to be beneficial. This study aims to review the literature on AAT for children and to obtain a clearer understanding of the evidence supporting this interventional practice, and the possible risks involved.
Oral Manifestations and Considerations for Dental Care in Patients with Liver Diseases
Authors: Sonar Prasanna Ravindra , Panchbhai Aarati S. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The most important organ and second- largest organ is the liver. The liver performs a wide range of tasks for maintaining health and homeostasis and also breaks down a variety of drugs. In addition, the liver is where a number of clotting components are synthesized. Several disorders, including hepatitis, jaundice, cirrhosis, hepatocellular cancer, and liver failure, can have an impact on the liver. Different liver illnesses might have a negative impact on oral health as well. The current paper provides a brief summary of oral symptoms and dental care issues in liver disease patients. It focuses on issues with infections, hemorrhagic episodes, and therapy using medications frequently used in dental surgery.
The Conundrum of Identity or Prerogative of Choice
Authors: Joshi Yatishkumar S , Vagha Sunita , Venugopal Adith , Mishra Gaurav Vedprakash 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
A dentist, often known as a dental surgeon, is a medical professional who specializes in Dentistry, a specialty of medicine that deals with diagnosing, preventing, and treating illnesses and ailments of the mouth. It can be frustrating to come across debates like “Are dentists actual doctors?” or similar themes that have been accumulating for decades. There have been instances where dentists have lobbied to be entitled to use titles such as “Doctor,” and despite their triumph, many have chosen not to do so. Dentists are sometimes described as a combination of a doctor, artist, scientist, engineer, and businessman, and they are free to apply their skills in whatever way they deem fit. With a diverse set of talents and ample opportunities, the dentist has many job options. Therefore, why limit yourself to being a one thing, when you can do so much more?
Exploring the barriers and expectations towards health care services among parents/caretakers of people with intellectual disability in Kuantan, Malaysia: A qualitative study
Authors: Mohd Farah Natashah , Said Abdul Hadi , Ahmad Mas Suryalis , Ridzwan Ain Nuha , Muhammad Amira Izwani , Mat Naji Ahmad Syahir 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Backgrounds:
People with intellectual disabilities (PWID) are often characterized by challenges in learning and difficulties in performing daily activities. These difficulties can have an impact not only on the individuals themselves but also on the people around them, especially their parents, caregivers, and healthcare workers. Therefore, establishing a positive relationship between parents or caregivers and individuals with disabilities is crucial as a key factor in promoting positive healthcare experiences and outcomes.

Aim:
This study aims to explore the barriers and perceptions toward healthcare services among parents or caretakers of people with intellectual disability, including the challenges and their expectations toward healthcare services.

Materials and Methods:
This was a qualitative study using purposive sampling. Thirty participants were contacted at the initial stage and invited to participate in the study. Semi-structured in-depth interviews were done among parents and caretakers of PWID who attended Special Care Dentistry and Paediatric Dentistry clinics in Sultan Ahmad Shah Medical Centre, Kuantan, Pahang. Topic guides were generated from literature review and expert opinions, followed by pilot interviews to refine them. However, after the interviews were done for the first 13 participants, we have reached data saturation, and no new themes emerged. The interviews were recorded, verbatim transcribed, and analyzed using Braun and Clarke’s guidelines for thematic analysis.

Results:
The satisfaction of parents or caretakers toward healthcare services for PWID and positive experiences in receiving healthcare services were noted. However, the results revealed several barrier themes in seeking healthcare services: lack of availability of parking, longer waiting time, appointment time, crowded environment, limited information on the availability of the services, and longer travel duration. Furthermore, expectation themes emerged from this study: continuous follow-up, accessibility to healthcare services, and staff attitude.
Effect of Strengthening Exercises on Sleep Quality among Females Suffering from Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Bashir Shafiya , Goyal Kanu , Goyal Manu , Vaish Hina 
Published: December 2023

Background:
Sleep problems also occur in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) of normal weight. Furthermore, PCOS and sleep disturbances are linked with worsening of cardiometabolic health in the long term.

Objective:
The study aimed to determine the effect of strengthening exercises on sleep quality among females suffering from PCOS.

Materials and Methods:
Twenty-four female participants aged 20–45 years suffering from PCOS from at least 1 year with body mass index of 18.5–29.9 kg/m2 and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) score ≥5 were randomized into experimental (n = 12) and control (n = 12) groups; allocation (1:1). The participants were blinded. Experimental group received strengthening exercises thrice per week for 4 weeks, and no intervention was given in control group. Sleep quality was assessed using PSQI.

Results:
The Wilcoxon signed-rank test showed significant improvements (P < 0.05) in sleep quality, sleep latency, sleep efficiency, sleep disturbances, and global score with strengthening exercises. Mann–Whitney U-test revealed significant improvements (P < 0.05) in use of medication (P = 0.016) and global score (P = 0.045).

Conclusion:
Four weeks of strengthening exercises has significant benefits in improving the sleep quality among females with PCOS.
Comparison of Human Epididymis Protein 4, Cancer Antigen 125, and Ultrasound Prediction Model in Differentiating Benign from Malignant Adnexal Masses
Authors: Bahadur Anupama , Bhattacharya Namrata , Mundhra Rajlaxmi , Khoiwal Kavita , Chawla Latika , Singh Rajni , Naithani Manisha , Kishore Sanjeev 
Published: December 2023

Background:
This study aimed to compare the diagnostic performance of carcinogenic antigen (CA) 125, (HE)-4 (Human epididymis protein 4), and ultrasound (International Ovarian Tumor Analysis [IOTA]) Simple Rules individually and to derive a composite score in the differentiating ovarian cancer from benign ovarian mass.

Subjects and Methods:
Consecutive patients (n = 100) with pelvic mass admitted during February 2018–August 2019 were included prospectively. Patients with either known case of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) or metastatic EOC were excluded. The primary outcome was to assess the sensitivity and specificity of CA-125, HE-4, and IOTA Simple Rules in predicting benign from malignant mass independently, while secondary outcome was derivation of a new model incorporating these variables using multivariate logistic regression analysis to predict benign from malignant lesions. Receiver operator curve (ROC) was drawn to redefine the best-performing cutoff values and difference between area under the ROC (AUROC) were compared by DeLong’s method.

Results:
Out of 100 cases of adnexal mass selected, the sensitivity and specificity of CA-125 were 73.8% and 77.6%, HE-4 were 90.5% and 87.9%, and IOTA Simple Rules were 92.9% and 81.0%. CA-125, HE-4, and IOTA Simple Rules were independently associated with the likelihood of malignancy/borderline (P < 0.001). The area under the curve for the “composite score” (AUC = 0.93) was the highest and was significantly better than that of CA-125 (AUC = 0.786) (P = 0.004 using DeLong’s test) and comparable with HE-4 (AUROC = 0.90; P = 0.128 using DeLong’s Test).

Conclusion:
The sensitivity and specificity of HE-4 and IOTA Simple Rules for predicting malignant ovarian tumor was better than those of CA-125. The diagnostic performance of “composite score” was comparable to those of either HE-4 or IOTA Simple Rules and significantly better than CA-125.
Gross Appearance of Fine Needle Aspiration Smears: Can Adequacy of the Sample be Assessed and Correlated with their Microscopic Cytological Yield
Authors: Ramraje Sushma , Deb Prabal , Hiwale Buddheshwar N. , Deb Bishakha 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background:
Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is a simple procedure that is widely accepted as a first-line investigation. It should ideally be performed near the patient with microscopic assessment for evaluation of adequacy of aspirate. Since this is not always possible, a worthwhile substitute is to assess the gross appearance of the material obtained. This study was aimed to determine the value of this alternative rapid, bed-side approach.

Method:
This study was carried out in a tertiary care hospital for a duration of 1 year, where 50 cases undergoing FNAC in the out-patient department (OPD) were included. Unstained smears of commonly encountered lesions were photographed and assessed by three independent observers, who graded them into four grades, viz. Grade 1: unlikely to contain diagnostic material. Grade 2: possibly contains diagnostic material. Grade 3: probably contains diagnostic material. Grade 4: material suggesting a specific diagnosis. Results were subsequently compared with the microscopic findings of stained smears.

Results:
Distribution of the 50 cases between grades 1, 2, 3, and 4 were 5, 6, 17, and 22, respectively.

Conclusion:
Gross appearances of FNA smears are helpful in predicting the adequacy of the sample and sometimes the final microscopic diagnosis. The cellularity of a sample can be gauged by inspection and sometimes a likely diagnosis can be made. Some lesions show typical gross appearance easily detected by the experienced eye so a likely diagnosis can be predicted prior to microscopic examination. However, near-patient microscopic assessment of FNA specimens for rapid onsite evaluation, if available, should be the preferred mode.
The modified NUTRIC score as a predictor of 28-day mortality in patients with sepsis
Authors: Moubarez Doaa Atef 
Published: December 2023

Background
Malnutrition is prevalent among severely ill individuals hospitalized in ICUs (intensive care units). In order to determine the potential for nutritional consequences in ICU patients, the score of ‘modified nutrition risk in the critically ill’ (mNUTRIC) is applied. This research aimed to determine whether the mNUTRIC score could be employed in septic patients for predicting 28-day death.

Methods
Four hundred ten individuals hospitalized in the ICU with sepsis were involved in this prospective observational research. To evaluate nutritional status upon hospitalization to the ICU, the mNUTRIC score was applied. Demographic and clinical characteristics were used to determine the mNUTRIC score.

Results
Four hundred ten individuals with sepsis participated in this investigation. The 56.6% of cases were shown to be at elevated risk of malnutrition (mNUTRIC ≥ 5 points), whereas 43.4% showed a lower risk (mNUTRIC < 5 points). During 28 days of being hospitalized in the ICU, 225 patients (54.9%) died. The mortality rate increased significantly in the group with an mNUTRIC score of greater than or equal to 5 compared with the group with an mNUTRIC score of less than 5 (P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis revealed a link between the mNUTRIC score and 28-day mortality (OR = 1.715, 95% CI = 1.549–1.898). The AUC (area under the curve) for mNUTRIC’s prediction of 28-day mortality was 0.866 (specificity 79.5% and sensitivity 80.9%) with the best cut-off value of 5.

Conclusion
When evaluating the likelihood of death within 28 days in patients with sepsis, the mNUTRIC score performed well as an independent predictor.
The incidence of aspiration pneumonia in acute ischemic stroke patients in relation to early insertion of nasogastric tube feeding
Authors: Hamdy Mohamad M. , Abdelshahid Amir I. , Mahrous Atef A. 
Published: December 2023

Background
Stroke is the acute onset of cerebral ischemia. Dysphagia with difficult swallowing is one of the common complications during the course of acute stroke, its incidence varies between 29–67%. Pneumonia is the second most common cause of death during the acute phase of stroke, with up to 20% mortality rate. In patient with risk of dysphagia or deficient oral intake, enteral feeding will be recommended.

Objective
Study the effect of early insertion of nasogastric tube for feeding on incidence of aspiration pneumonia in acute ischemic stroke patients with abnormal water swallow test.

Methods
The study was carried out in Alexandria Main University Hospital on 40 patients with acute ischemic stroke. Patients with abnormal water swallow test were classified into two groups: Group A: Insertion of nasogastric tube on admission after diagnosis. Group B: Giving intravenous fluids, minerals and traces for the first 48 h then inserting nasogastric tube on the third day.

Results
By comparing the patients in both groups, there was no statistical significant difference between them as regards; age, gender, comorbidities, and APACHE II score on admission. There was a statistical significant difference between both groups regarding fever, CRP level, WBCs, hypoxic index and the length of hospital stay.

Conclusion
Inserting Nasogastric tube insertion on admission in acute stroke patients may increase the incidence of aspiration pneumonia than being non-oral for 48 h before insertion on the third day as it affects the duration of ICU and hospital stay.
Comparative study between ultrasound-guided transversus abdominis plane block and spinal morphine for pain relief after an elective cesarean section
Authors: Mahmoud Wael A.M. , El Khayat Hala M.H. , Omar Mohamed M. , Ahmed Islam M. 
Published: December 2023

Background
Severe acute pain occurs in more than 10% of patients within the first 36 h after a cesarean section and can significantly impact women’s satisfaction. The aim of this study was to compare the transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block for postoperative pain relief following cesarean section operations with the most famous analgesia (intrathecal morphine) used for a cesarean section regarding its efficacy and complications.

Patients and methods
This interventional double-blinded randomized controlled study was carried out on 60 cases, who underwent an elective cesarean delivery. They were randomized into two groups; patients were divided into two equal groups. Group M received intrathecal 150 μg morphine in a 0.5 ml volume, mixed with 10 mg of hyperbaric bupivacaine 0.5% in a 2 ml volume (total volume 2.5 ml). Group B received intrathecal 10 mg hyperbaric bupivacaine 0.5% 2 ml volume+0.5 saline (total volume 3 ml) and at the end of surgery the patient received bilateral TAP block with a 20 ml volume of 0.25% bupivacaine on each side.

Results
Postoperative heart rate, respiratory rate, oxygen saturation, mean arterial blood pressure, and intraoperative Bromage score were insignificantly different at all-time measurements between both groups. Visual analog score and postoperative Bromage score at 2, 3, and 4 h were higher in group B than group M (P<0.001). Time of rescue analgesia was significantly prolonged in group M than group B (P<0.001). Total paracetamol and morphine doses were significantly lower in group M than group B (P<0.001).

Conclusions
TAP block is a good alternative technique to intrathecal morphine in reducing postcesarean section pain, with less postoperative nausea and vomiting and pruritus compared with intrathecal morphine (ITM).
Using teledentistry as a tool for management of dental services: A systematic review
Authors: Alsalman Wesam Talal 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Introduction:
Unlike telemedicine, which is relatively well established in the literature and practice, implementation of teledentistry and its limitations are underexplored, and more well-designed research is needed to investigate them.

Aims:
The aim of the present study was to evaluate and identify the scopes, challenges, and opportunities for the use of teledentistry based on high-quality literature.

Materials and Methods:
As a qualitative systematic review with thematic analysis, the present study included English cross-sectional, prospective, and retrospective studies about the use of teledentistry for the prevention and treatment of dental patients. A quality appraisal methodology was used to evaluate the included studies which were found from online databases, namely, Medline through PubMed, Scopus, Web of Knowledge, and Cochrane databases, from 2017 to 2022.

Results and Discussion:
Five studies were included and presented with fair-to-good quality of evidence. Furthermore, there was overall agreement about the effectiveness of the use of teledentistry and the great opportunities it provides for the improvement of dental services. Several scopes were identified, including education, consultation, and examination. However, challenges such as technical difficulties and accuracy of examination of certain conditions were also identified and was advised to integrate the topic of teledentistry in dental school and health-care management courses.

Conclusion:
Teledentistry was found not to be a substitute for the establishment of a dental home but a complementary aspect of dental service management. In addition, better-quality, well-designed comparative studies, especially those related to scopes, economic aspects, telecommunication means, legislation, licensing, and official dental reporting are needed.
Assessment of crown dimensions of primary teeth in a selected sample of Indian children - An odontometric study
Authors: Kavyashree G. , Babu K. L. Girish 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Introduction:
The size and shape of the tooth are important sources of information for anthropology, forensic odontology, and clinical dentistry. Different populations, and even individuals within the same population, may have variations in the odontometric characteristics of their teeth, which limits the applicability of the data across groups.

Aim:
To establish the normal odontometric data of primary teeth and examine the sexual dimorphism and its usefulness as a tool to identify the sex among young children.

Materials and Methods:
This cross-sectional study involved 150 children aged 3–5 years. The parents of the selected children were informed about the procedure protocol of the study and their written consent was obtained. The negative replica of the maxillary and mandibular teeth was obtained and dental casts were prepared. The mesiodistal, buccolingual, and crown height dimensions of each tooth were measured with a digital Vernier caliper. Two independent examiners measured each tooth’s dimensions three times, and the mean was analyzed.

Results and Discussion:
There was no significant difference between the teeth in the right and left quadrants. Males had larger odontometric dimensions than females. The sex of children based on odontometrics of primary teeth crowns could be determined with an accuracy of 98%, 72%, and 86% using mesiodistal, buccolingual, and crown height dimensions, respectively.

Conclusions:
There was a clear sexual dimorphism of the primary teeth. The odontometrics can be used as a low-cost and alternative tool for sex identification among children.