bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In what ways are adolescents who engage in self‐harm or experience thoughts of self‐harm different in terms of help‐seeking, communication and coping strategies?
Authors: Evans Emma , Hawton Keith , Rodham Karen 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to ascertain whether adolescents who deliberately harmed themselves or had thoughts of self‐harm differed from other adolescents in terms of help‐seeking, communication and coping strategies. The participants were 6020 15–16 year‐old school pupils who were surveyed using an anonymous self‐report questionnaire. Adolescents with one or more episodes of deliberate self‐harm (DSH) in the previous year were more likely to identify themselves as having serious problems than other adolescents. However, a substantial proportion of adolescents with either DSH or thoughts of self‐harm did not identify themselves as having serious problems. Adolescents with DSH were most likely to feel the need for help but not try to get any; they were less able to talk to family members and teachers and had fewer categories of people who they were able to talk to. Like other adolescents, those with DSH or thoughts of self‐harm were more likely to seek and receive help from their friends than from other sources. They differed from other adolescents in terms of coping strategies they reported employing when faced with difficulties, showing less focus on problems and more avoidant behaviours. The findings have important implications for preventive strategies, including educational programmes on emotional health and coping, and for the clinical care of adolescents identified as at risk or having self‐harmed.
Gender and ethnic differences in formal and informal help seeking among Israeli adolescents
Authors: Grinstein‐Weiss Michal , Fishman Gideon , Eisikovits Zvi 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThis study examines the willingness of Jewish and Arab Israeli adolescents to look for help in times of distress and explores the factors that are associated with the willingness of these adolescents to look for help from formal vs. informal sources. The sample consisted of 6017 randomly selected respondents, 14–18 years old, attending secondary schools. Multiple regression analyses were used in order to explore what predicts formal vs. informal help seeking. Results indicate that satisfaction with school, family and friends, and ethnicity are all important predictors that are associated with the willingness of Israeli adolescents to ask for formal and informal help. The interaction between gender and ethnicity was also examined. The findings present the specific differences between formal and informal help seeking and are discussed in the Israeli context.
Pregnancy spacing and maternal morbidity in Matlab, Bangladesh
Authors: Razzaque A. , Da Vanzo J. , Rahman M. , Gausia K. , Hale L. , Khan M.A. , Mustafa A.H.M.G. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractObjectiveThe study examines the relationship between pregnancy spacing and seven measures of maternal morbidity in Matlab, Bangladesh.MethodThe study analyzes maternal morbidity data on 11,122 women who visited a health center during their third trimester of pregnancy between 1996 and 2002. Adjusted odds ratios were obtained through logistic regression analysis to assess the effects of pregnancy intervals of differing lengths while holding constant other influences (six variables) on maternal morbidity.ResultsAfter controlling these variables, pre‐eclampsia and high blood pressure are significantly more likely for women with preceding inter‐pregnancy intervals of less than 6 months or 75 months or more compared to those with intervals of 27–50 months. Premature rupture of membranes is significantly more likely following inter‐pregnancy intervals of 6–14 months, and edema is significantly more likely following inter‐pregnancy intervals over 50 months.ConclusionShort and long inter‐pregnancy intervals are associated with increased incidence of some maternal morbidities.
A critical assessment of screening methods for cervical neoplasia
Authors: Sankaranarayanan R. , Gaffikin L. , Jacob M. , Sellors J. , Robles S. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThe objective of cervical cancer screening is to reduce cervical cancer incidence and mortality by detecting and treating precancerous lesions. Conventional cytology is the most widely used cervical cancer screening test. Although cytology has been effective in reducing the incidence of and mortality from cervical cancer in developed countries in both opportunistic and—more dramatically—organized national programs, it has been less successful and largely ineffective in reducing disease burden in low‐resource settings where it has been implemented. Liquid‐based cytology, testing for infection with oncogenic types of human papillomaviruses, visual inspection with 3–5% acetic acid, magnified visual inspection with acetic acid, and visual inspection with Lugol's iodine have been evaluated as alternative tests. Their test characteristics, and the applications and limitations in screening, are discussed with an emphasis on the work of the Alliance for Cervical Cancer Prevention over the past 5 years.
Delivering cervical cancer prevention services in low‐resource settings
Authors: Bradley J. , Barone M. , Mahé C. , Lewis R. , Luciani S. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThe goals of any cervical cancer prevention program should be threefold: to achieve high coverage of the population at risk, to screen women with an accurate test as part of high‐quality services, and to ensure that women with positive test results are properly managed. This article focuses on the experiences of the Alliance for Cervical Cancer Prevention (ACCP) in delivery of screening and treatment services as part of cervical cancer prevention projects in Africa, Latin America, and Asia. Research and experience show that cervical cancer can be prevented when strategies and services are well planned and well managed and when attention is paid to program monitoring and evaluation. Coordination of program components, reduction of the number of visits, improvement of service quality, and flexibility in how services are delivered are all essential features of an effective service.
Adolescents and consent to treatment
Authors: Dickens B.M. , Cook R.J. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractAdolescents, defined by WHO as 10 to 19 years old, can give independent consent for reproductive health services if their capacities for understanding have sufficiently evolved. The international Convention on the Rights of the Child, almost universally ratified, limits parental powers, and duties, by adolescents' “evolving capacities” for self‐determination. Legal systems may recognize “mature minors” as enjoying adult rights of medical consent, even when consent to sexual relations does not absolve partners of criminal liability; their consent does not make the adolescents offenders. There is usually no chronological “age of consent” for medical care, but a condition of consent, meaning capacity for understanding. Like adults, mature minors enjoy confidentiality and the right to treatment according to their wishes rather than their best interests. Minors incapable of self‐determination may grant or deny assent to treatment for which guardians provide consent. Emancipated minors' self‐determination may also be recognized, for instance on marriage or default of adults' guardianship.
Midwifery's Research Heritage: A Delphi Survey of Midwife Scholars
Authors: Farley Cindy L. 
Published: March 2005

ABSTRACTA Delphi survey was conducted with midwife scholars to determine the top 10 midwifery studies worthy of recognition in 2005, the 50th anniversary of the American College of Nurse‐Midwives (ACNM). This survey was undertaken by students of Philadelphia University's Graduate Midwifery Program as a service‐learning project on behalf of the ACNM Division of Research. Selected midwife scholars participated in 2 or 3 rounds of response and feedback to achieve consensus about research deemed historically or currently important to midwifery practice. The top 10 studies, as determined by the 19 participating midwife scholars, are presented here. These results are offered as reflection on research that has helped to shape and define the discipline of midwifery in the United States.
Doubling Back Over Roads Once Traveled: Creating a National Organization for Nurse‐Midwifery
Authors: Dawley Katy 
Published: March 2005

ABSTRACTThe quest for a new national organization began in 1940 and concluded in November 1955 in Kansas City, Missouri, with the founding meeting of the American College of Nurse‐Midwifery. This article looks at the conflicts with organized nursing about the place and role of nurse‐midwives in the newly reorganized American Nurses Association and the National League for Nursing. Discussions and disagreements within nurse‐midwifery over the need for a nonexclusive national organization that would set professional standards are examined.
The History and Evolution of the Core Competencies for Basic Midwifery Practice
Authors: Avery Melissa D. 
Published: March 2005

ABSTRACTThe Core Competencies in Nurse‐Midwifery were first published in 1978 to provide a standard approach to nurse‐midwifery education and now serve as the template for curriculum in nurse‐midwifery/midwifery education. This article is an expansion of an earlier publication documenting the development of the Core Competencies document and describes its history and use in midwifery education and professional practice. The development and continued revision of this document are a significant part of ACNM and midwifery history in the United States. It defines the competencies essential to basic practice and can be used to define the scope of midwifery practice in both professional and policy arenas.
Inventory evaluation and product slate management in large‐scale continuous process industries
Authors: Cooke David L. , Rohleder Thomas R. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractManaging production and inventory for large‐scale continuous processing plants is a key to success in the chemical process industry, particularly in the production of commodity polymers such as polyethylene and polypropylene. When setting up a production schedule, planners must consider the effects of off‐grade production and production rate penalties, which are typically sequence‐dependent as products are transitioned from one to another, as well as inventory holding costs and capacity constraints. We call this the continuous economic lot sizing and scheduling problem (CELSP) to distinguish it from closely related problems found in discrete part production industries. We present a formulation that addresses the particular aspects of the CELSP and apply the proposed mathematical modeling approach to several plants of a chemical processing company. This company was concerned with ensuring the plants were carrying proper amounts of inventory and with evaluating the number of products produced at each plant. Our results show actual overall inventory levels were close to the levels suggested by our model and therefore company plans for further inventory reductions would not be appropriate. However, the company should carefully consider the addition of new products to current plant product slates. Due to the effects of product transitions and inventory levels, even adding products with significant contribution margins may negatively affect the financial performance of the plant.
The effect of multidrug chemotherapy on bone graft augmented prosthesis fixation
Authors: Virolainen Petri , Inoue Nozomu , Nagao Masato , Frassica Frank J. , Chao Edmund Y. S. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractUse of combination adjuvant chemotherapies have improved the disease free survival rate of tumor patients significantly. However, studies have shown that chemotherapeutic agents have negative effects on bone graft incorporation and fixation of porouscoated prostheses needed for reconstruction of bone defects after wide resection of malignant tumors. Unilateral resection of a 6‐cm segment of the femoral diaphysis and reconstruction with a porous‐coated segmental prosthesis was performed in eight mixed‐breed dogs under perioperative chemotherapy with doxorubicin, cisplatin, and ifosfamide. Eight strips of autogenous cortical bone were evenly placed around the junctions between the femur and the prosthetic surface. Autogenous cancellous bone was placed under and between the strips of cortical bone. Two cycles of the chemotherapy were given preoperatively, and three cycles postoperatively. The animals were followed for 12 weeks, with sequential assessments of weight‐bearing and radiographic evaluation. Biomechanical, histological, and microradiographic analyses of the retrieved specimens were performed. Doxorubicin, cisplatin, and ifosfamide combination chemotherapy showed a significant effect on new bone formation as seen in reduced callus size and lower ultimate strength of extracortical fixation. However, the onlay corticocancellous grafting method provided better biologic fixation of the prosthesis compared with fixation without any bone grafting under non‐chemotherapy condition in a previous study. Extracortical bone grafting is an effective modality for implant fixation even under intensive chemotherapy. © 2005 Published by Elsevier Ltd. on behalf of Orthopaedic Research Society.
Correspondence assertions for process synchronization in concurrent communications
Authors: BONELLI EDUARDO , COMPAGNONI ADRIANA , GUNTER ELSA 
Published: March 2005

High-level specification of patterns of communications such as protocols can be modeled elegantly by means of session types (Honda et al., 1998). However, a number of examples suggest that session types fall short when finer precision on protocol specification is required. In order to increase the expressiveness of session types we appeal to the theory of correspondence assertions (Clarke & Marrero, 1998; Gordon & Jeffrey, 2003b). The resulting type discipline augments the types of long-term channels with effects and thus yields types which may depend on messages read or written earlier within the same session. This new type system can be used to check:
source of information,whether data is propagated as specified across multiple parties,if there are unspecified communications between parties, andif the data being exchanged has been modified by the code in an unspecified way.
We prove that evaluation preserves typability and that well-typed processes are safe. Also, we illustrate how the resulting theory allows us to address shortcomings present in the pure theory of session types.
Is Cognitive Reserve Applicable to Epilepsy? The Effect of Educational Level on the Cognitive Decline After Onset of Epilepsy
Authors: Pai Ming‐Chyi , Tsai Jing‐Jane 
Published: March 2005

Summary:  Purpose: The aim of this study was to know the effect of education level (EL) on the cognitive change after onset of epilepsy. The rationale is that people with high EL may have more cognitive reserve and show resistance to damage brought about by epilepsy. Methods: Patients were from an outpatient epilepsy clinic of a national university hospital. All received initial and repeated neuropsychological tests and the Cognitive Ability Screening Instrument (CASI), at an interval of 12 months. CASI consists of nine items, with a total score of 100. We compared the differences between the two tests, in terms of z‐scores. The EL was divided into high and low with a cut‐off at 12 years, and age at entry was divided with a cut‐off at 38 years. Epilepsy severity was divided into intractable and nonintractable. Results: A total of 64 patients completed the study, including 31 with high EL and 33 with low EL, with no differences in gender and epilepsy severity between groups. In general, patients had cognitive impairment in multiple domains. At the baseline, the effect of EL was found for all items except remote memory and orientation, whereas the effect of age was observed for remote and recent memory. At the 12‐month follow‐up, subjects with high EL showed deterioration in mental manipulation, whereas subjects with low EL showed improvement in verbal fluency but deterioration in attention. Conclusions: Patients with high EL have better cognitive functioning than those with low EL after epilepsy has developed, which supports the cognitive reserve theory. However, 1‐year follow‐up might be too short to see significant changes between groups.
Intellectual Disability and Psychotic Disorders of Adult Epilepsy
Authors: Matsuura Masato , Adachi Naoto , Muramatsu Reimi , Kato Masaaki , Onuma Teiichi , Okubo Yoshiro , Oana Yasunori , Hara Tsunekatsu 
Published: March 2005

Summary:  Purpose: To investigate the prevalence, psychopathology, and cognitive functions associated with psychotic disorders among adult epilepsy patients with intellectual disability (ID) based on a multicenter study in Japan. Methods: The study was divided into three phases; a prevalence study of psychotic disorders among new referrals of epilepsy, a polydiagnostic comparative study of patients with psychotic epilepsy and those with schizophrenia, and a neuropsychological study of patients with psychotic epilepsy and education level–matched controls. Results: Among 336 new referrals of epilepsy, a higher prevalence of psychotic disorders was found among patients with ID (24%) than among those with normal intelligence (6%). The psychotic symptoms and operational diagnoses of psychotic epilepsy patients with ID were similar to those of patients with normal intelligence. A wide range (7–86%) of psychotic epilepsy patients was diagnosed as having schizophrenia, depending on the operational criteria used. Patients with psychotic epilepsy had more disturbances in verbal memory and attention functions than did the controls. Conclusions: Epilepsy patients with ID show a predisposition to develop psychotic disorders. Distinguishing their psychotic symptoms from those of schizophrenia is difficult. Subtle cognitive disturbances predispose to psychotic disorders in epilepsy.
The Role of Cognitive–Motor Function in Precipitation and Inhibition of Epileptic Seizures
Authors: Matsuoka Hiroo , Nakamura Masaki , Ohno Takashi , Shimabukuro Jin , Suzuki Takeshi , Numachi Yohtaro , Awata Shuichi 
Published: March 2005

Summary:  Purpose: To examine the effects of cognitive–motor function on EEG discharges and the neuropsychological mechanisms of seizure induction in patients sensitive to cognitive–motor tasks. Methods: Four hundred eighty patients with epilepsies were subjected to cognitive tasking, termed “neuropsychological EEG activation (NPA).” It consisted of reading, speaking, writing, written calculation, mental calculation, and spatial construction. Furthermore, patients showing a provocative NPA effect were subjected to a detailed NPA protocol to identify the possible precipitating factors, which consisted of simple hand movements, action programming requiring hand movement, and thinking activity not requiring hand movement. Results: NPA had an inhibitory effect on EEG discharges in 133 (63.9%) of 208 patients with discharges in the awake EEG. Conversely, NAP had a provocative effect in 38 (7.9%) of 480 patients. In 32 of the 38 patients, the precipitating factor was action programming. Among them, five showed a precipitating factor restricted to linguistic activity, and the remaining 27 were affected by various action‐programming factors including both linguistic and praxic activities. In four of 38 patients, the precipitating factor was thinking, predominantly linguistic tasks in one patient and spatial tasks in three patients. No patient had a precipitating factor identified as motor activity. Conclusions: These results suggest that cognitive–motor function has an inhibitory effect on EEG discharges in the majority of epilepsy patients and a provocative effect in some patients, and that seizures of the patients showing a provocative NPA effect are precipitated by action programming or thinking activity.
Surgical Outcome of Epilepsy Caused by Cortical Dysplasia
Authors: Chung Chun Kee , Lee Sang Kun , Kim Ki Joong 
Published: March 2005

Summary:  Purpose: Cortical dysplasia (CD) is the second most common pathologic entity in surgically treated epilepsy. To delineate its surgical outcome and prognostic factors, we performed a retrospective analysis of patients operated on at a single institute. Methods: Between September 1994 and December 2000, 128 cases with CD were operated on at our institute. The male/female ratio was 85:43, and the mean age was 27 years (SD, 7.6 years). The mean postoperative follow‐up period was 26.9 months (SD, 12.0 months). Seizure outcome and severity of CD were classified according to Engel's and Mischel's classifications, respectively. Severity of CD was mild in 69, moderate in 21, and severe in 38. Lobar distribution was temporal in 54, frontal in 48, and others in 26. Cortical resection, lobectomy, or hemispherectomy was done in all patients. Univariate analysis was done followed by multivariate analysis by using computerized statistical software. Results: Postoperative seizure outcome was Engel class I in 58 (45.3%), II in 17 (13.3%), III in 16 (12.5%), and IV in 37 (28.9%). Transient postoperative complications occurred in 14 (10.9%) patients without mortality or permanent neurologic impairment. Multivariate analysis revealed severity of CD and frontal lobe resection as independent prognostic factors for worse outcome (p = 0.001 and 0.003, respectively). Conclusions: Epilepsy surgery for CD achieved 45.3% seizure‐free rate with 10.9% transient postoperative complications in our institute. Worse postoperative seizure outcome was observed in cases with mild CD and frontal lobe resection.
Genetics of Idiopathic Epilepsies
Authors: Hirose Shinichi , Mitsudome Akihisa , Okada Motohiro , Kaneko Sunao ,   The Epilepsy Genetic Study Group, Japan
Published: March 2005

Summary:  Purpose: To search for clues to molecular genetics of common idiopathic epilepsy syndromes. Genetic defects have been identified recently in certain inherited epilepsy syndromes in which the phenotypes are similar to those of common idiopathic epilepsies. Methods: Mutations identified as the causes of inherited idiopathic epilepsies were reviewed. Results: Mutations of the genes encoding two subunits of the neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor were found in autosomal dominant nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy. Mutations of two K+‐channel genes were identified in benign familial neonatal convulsions. Mutations of the genes encoding several subunits of the voltage‐gated Na+‐channel and γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA)A receptor also were identified as the underlying causes of various epilepsy syndromes, such as autosomal dominant epilepsy with febrile seizures plus, benign familial neonatal infantile seizures, and autosomal dominant juvenile myoclonic epilepsy. Mutations within the same gene may result in different epilepsy phenotypes. Thus, the Na+ channel, GABAA receptor, and their auxiliaries may be involved in the pathogenesis of various types of epilepsy. Some forms of juvenile myoclonic epilepsy, idiopathic generalized epilepsy, and absence epilepsy may result from mutations of Ca2+ channels. Mutations of the Cl− channel have been recently found to be associated with a certain type of epilepsy. The recent discovery that mutations of LGI1, a gene encoding a nonchannel molecule, are associated with autosomal partial epilepsy with auditory features may provide a new insight into our understanding of the genetics of idiopathic epilepsy. Conclusions: These findings suggest the involvement of brain channelopathies in the pathogenesis of certain types of idiopathic epilepsy.