bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A diamond nanophotonic interface with an optically accessible deterministic electronuclear spin register
Authors: Parker Ryan A. , Arjona Martínez Jesús , Chen Kevin C. , Stramma Alexander M. , Harris Isaac B. , Michaels Cathryn P. , Trusheim Matthew E. , Hayhurst Appel Martin , Purser Carola M. , Roth William G. , Englund Dirk , Atatüre Mete 
Published: November 2023

AbstractA contemporary challenge for the scalability of quantum networks is developing quantum nodes with simultaneous high photonic efficiency and long-lived qubits. Here we present a fibre-packaged nanophotonic diamond waveguide hosting a tin-vacancy centre with a spin-1/2 117Sn nucleus. The interaction between the electronic and nuclear spins results in a signature 452(7) MHz hyperfine splitting. This exceeds the natural optical linewidth by a factor of 16, enabling direct optical nuclear spin initialization with 98.6(3)% fidelity and single-shot readout with 80.0(1)% fidelity. The waveguide-to-fibre extraction efficiency of our device of 57(6)% enables the practical detection of five-photon events. Combining the photonic performance with the optically initialized nuclear spin, we demonstrate a spin-gated single-photon nonlinearity with 11(1)% contrast in the absence of an external magnetic field. These capabilities position our nanophotonic interface as a versatile quantum node in the pursuit of scalable quantum networks.
Safety and immunogenicity of the third and fourth doses of vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 following a 2-dose regimen of inactivated whole-virion SARS-CoV-2 vaccine
Authors: Chaiwarith Romanee , Winichakoon Poramed , Salee Parichat , Sudjaritruk Tavitiya , Wipasa Jiraprapa , Chawansuntati Kriangkrai , Yasri Saowaluck , Thongwitokomarn Harit , Krasaewes Kawisara , Ruangsirinusorn Sethawut , Praparattanapan Jutarat , Solai Nuttarika , Nuket Khanuengnit , Boonmee Darakorn , Chaichana Orapin , Mueangmo Oramai , Saheng Jutamad , Wongjak Worawan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis study followed healthcare personnel (HCP) who had completed a primary series of CoronaVac and then received the third and fourth doses of COVID-19 vaccine. The primary objective was to determine the seroconversion rate of neutralizing antibodies against wild-type SARS-CoV-2 and VOCs at day 28 after the third dose of vaccine and day 28 after the fourth dose of vaccine. This prospective cohort study was conducted at Maharaj Nakorn Chiang Mai Hospital, a tertiary care hospital affiliated to Chiang Mai University from July 2021 to February 2022. Two hundred and eighty-three participants were assessed for eligibility; 142 had received AZD1222 and 141 BNT162b2 as the third dose. Seroconversion rates using a 30% inhibition cutoff value against wild-type SARS-CoV-2 were 57.2%, 98.6%, 97.8%, and 98.9% at points before and after the third dose, before and after the fourth dose, respectively among those receiving AZD1222 as the third dose. Frequencies were 31.9%, 99.3%, 98.9%, and 100% among those receiving BNT162b2 as the third dose, respectively. The seroconversion rates against B.1.1.529 [Omicron] were 76.1% and 90.2% (p-value 0.010) at 4 weeks after the third dose in those receiving AZD1222 and BNT162b2 as the third dose, respectively. After a booster with the mRNA vaccine, the seroconversion rates increased from 21.7 to 91.3% and from 30.4 to 91.3% in those receiving AZD1222 and BNT162b2 as the third dose, respectively. No serious safety concerns were found in this study. In conclusion, antibody responses waned over time regardless of the vaccine regimen. The booster dose of the vaccine elicited a humoral immune response against SARS-CoV-2 including SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern, including B.1.1.529 [Omicron], which was circulating during the study period. However, the results might not be extrapolated to other Omicron sublineages.
Applying laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) and elemental imaging on marine shells for archaeological and environmental research
Authors: Hausmann Niklas , Theodoraki Danai , Piñon Victor , Siozos Panagiotis , Lemonis Andreas , Anglos Demetrios 
Published: November 2023

AbstractUsing LIBS for the analysis of archaeological and geological marine mollusc shells is a growing research area that relies on customised instrumentation and specific workflows that can accommodate the variety and precision of the required sampling parameters. However, the increased efficiency offered by LIBS, which enables the study of a larger quantity of shell samples for temperature variation, ecological parameters, and human consumption practices, outweighs the initial efforts required to develop customised instrumentation and workflows. In this work, we present detailed specifications and parameters for the development of a LIBS system capable of generating Mg/Ca images on marine shells that directly correlate with seasonal sea temperatures. Our main objective was to develop specifications that enable easy adaptation of LIBS systems to existing laboratories for studying hard-tissue samples. These specifications were used to develop a customised micro-LIBS system and apply it to a real-world example of an archaeological study to better understand its efficiency on the marine mollusc shells and demonstrate its potential for broader applications in interdisciplinary research. In total 101 shell specimens have been analysed within a time frame of approximately 71 h of machine time, producing 234 images (100 µm resolution: 100 images, 30 µm resolution: 134 images). SEM analysis of the irradiated sections of the shell revealed a primary ablated area of 10–15 µm in diameter, while a secondary affected area of the shell’s crystal fabric extended to 30–50 µm after repeated shots. Overall, this new customised system reliably and efficiently analysed marine mollusc specimens without major destructive effects, enabling additional analyses for other proxies to be carried out. This study highlights the potential of the LIBS method for interdisciplinary research, encompassing applications in paleoclimatology, marine ecology, and archaeology.
Preparation of the graphene-based smart hydrophobic nanocomposite and its application in oil/water separation
Authors: Alimohammadian Mahsa , Azizian Saeid , Sohrabi Beheshteh 
Published: November 2023

AbstractDesigning and synthesizing materials with smart hydrophobicity against an external magnetic field for efficient oil/water separation is of great importance due to the increasing problems caused by oil pollution. Here, the nanocomposites were fabricated based on graphene and different iron oxides exhibit smart hydrophobicity against an external magnetic field and they are in powder form eliminating the requirement for a substrate employing a facile and echo friendly method. The results prove that autoclaving of graphene leads to its ferromagnetic property; then it is attached to iron oxides by magnetic attraction and a nanocomposite is produced. The magnetic property of the resulting nanocomposite is higher than the magnetic property of its individual components. In addition, following nanocomposite formation, its hydrophobicity and surface area also change. FESEM images were taken from the nanocomposites to study their surface morphology, and EDS-MAP analysis to observe the elemental distribution uniformity of the nanocomposites. Also, to measure the surface area and pore size, BET analysis has been performed on pure materials and graphene-black iron oxide nanocomposite (graphene@black iron oxide). The results show that the specific surface area of black iron oxide increases after being composited with graphene dispersed at 5000 rpm. Indeed, graphene forms a composite by binding to iron oxide, and therefore, its specific surface area increases compared to iron oxide and graphene alone. These results show an increase in oil sorption and better separation of oil from water by the prepared nanocomposite. Also, to measure the magnetic properties of pure materials, graphene@black iron oxide, and ferromagnetic graphene at 3000 and 5000 rpm, the Vibrating Sample Magnetometer analysis has been performed. The results have proven that the nanocomposite powder prepared by a simple method obtained from cost-effective and available materials is hydrophobic and becomes more hydrophobic by applying an external magnetic field. Due to the ease with which oil can be readily removed from the nanocomposite by eliminating the external magnetic field, this nanocomposite is an excellent choice for the separation of oil from water.
Local knowledge, practices, challenges of ethnopharmacologically used medicinal plants in Benin and implications for brain illnesses
Authors: Dougnon Godfried , Dougnon Victorien Tamègnon , Klotoé Jean Robert , Agbodjento Eric , Zoumarou Dannialou , Lègba Boris , Koudokpon Hornel , Assogba Phénix , Hanski Leena , Ladékan Eléonore Yayi 
Published: November 2023

AbstractTraditional medicine (TM) is a significant resource for primary healthcare management all over the world, and principally in Africa. Quality improvement activities that promote evidence-based practices and the integration of traditional medicine into primary healthcare systems can help improve the quality of patient care. In the Republic of Benin (West Africa), traditional medicine practitioners (TMPs) provide different treatments and ways of use, depending on the ailments and the medicinal plants used. The present study aimed at documenting the knowledge, attitudes and practices of Beninese TMPs regarding the use of medicinal plants and the challenges associated with their activities. A focus group survey was conducted using semi-structured interviews with a sample of 91 TMPs in 8 departments of the Republic of Benin. The respondents had an average age of 50 years old and belonged to various categories of TMPs. Medicinal plants are harvested depending on the season and time of the day, and are dried in the shade before being used as decoctions or infusions. Nevertheless, the majority of TMPs do not conduct the necessary tests for quality control, efficacy or toxicity of the proposed remedies, which raises several scientific interrogations, particularly for the treatment of mental and brain-related disorders. Among ~ 110 plants used in the treatment of several pathologies, 66 were revealed as threatened species. The challenges faced by TMPs are mainly material, financial and technical difficulties. The present study reports the importance of intervention to modernize TM practices in Benin. Quality improvement could enhance healthcare delivery and provide support for evidence-based interventions aimed at addressing behavioral, social, and environmental determinants of health.
Frequency of respiratory virus-associated infection among children and adolescents from a tertiary-care hospital in Mexico City
Authors: Nieto-Rivera Brenda , Saldaña-Ahuactzi Zeus , Parra-Ortega Israel , Flores-Alanis Alejandro , Carbajal-Franco Ebzadrel , Cruz-Rangel Armando , Galaviz-Hernández Stephania , Romero-Navarro Benjamín , de la Rosa-Zamboni Daniela , Salazar-García Marcela , Contreras Carmen A. , Ortega-Riosvelasco Fernando , López-Martínez Irma , Barrera-Badillo Gisela , Diaz-Garcia Hector , Romo-Castillo Mariana , Moreno-Espinosa Sarbelio , Luna-Pineda Victor M. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAcute respiratory infections (ARIs) are a major cause of morbidity and mortality among children. The causative pathogens show geographic and seasonal variations. We retrospectively evaluated the frequency and seasonality of respiratory pathogens in children and adolescents (age: 0–19 years) with ARIs treated between January 1, 2021, and March 31, 2022, at a single center in Mexico. Out of 2400 patients, 1,603 were diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection and 797 were diagnosed with other common respiratory pathogens (CRPs). Of the 797 patients, 632 were infected with one CRP and 165 with > 2 CRPs. Deaths occurred only in SARS-CoV-2-infected patients. Rhinovirus/Enterovirus, respiratory syncytial virus B, and parainfluenza virus 3 were the most prevalent in cases with single and multiple infections. CRP showed a high frequency between autumn and winter of 2021, with higher incidence of hospitalization compared to COVID-19. The main comorbidities were immunosuppression, cardiovascular disease (CD), and asthma. The frequency of CRPs showed a downward trend throughout the first half of 2021. CRPs increased in single- and co-infection cases between the fourth and fifth waves of COVID-19, probably due to decreased nonpharmaceutical interventions and changes in diagnostic tests. Age, cyanosis (symptom), and immunosuppression (comorbidity) were found to differentiate between SARS-CoV-2 infection and CRP infection.
Dynamic blood flow imaging with 99mTc-hydroxymethylene diphosphonate as a therapeutic response marker in patients with Raynaud’s phenomenon
Authors: Yoo Jang , Cheon Miju 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWe evaluated the predictive value of dynamic blood flow scintigraphy with 99mTc-HDP (hydroxymethylene diphosphonate) for therapeutic response in patients with Raynaud’s phenomenon (RP). Eighty patients who underwent dynamic blood flow scintigraphy using the one-hand chilling method were enrolled. We analyzed the quantitative variables as the ratio of chilled fingers to ambient fingers (CAfinger), that of the chilled hand to ambient hand (CAhand), and that of chilled fingers to ambient palm (FPR) (CAFPR) at 15 and 30 s after 99mTc-HDP bolus injection. Total cumulative radioactivity counts for 180 s were obtained. We evaluated the clinical utility of these quantitative parameters with other clinical variables, including RP severity, therapeutic compliance, types of RP, and scintigraphic interpretation of findings in patients with RP. Fifty-two patients showed poor therapeutic response. There were significant differences between good- and poor-therapeutic responder groups in RP intensity (p = 0.003), CAfinger15s (p = 0.008), CAfinger30s (p = 0.002), CAfinger180s (p = 0.011), CAhand15s (p = 0.008), CAhand30s (p = 0.007), CAhand180s (p = 0.017), CAFPR30s (p = 0.004), and CAFPR180s (p = 0.002). After multivariate logistic regression analysis, only CAfinger30s (p = 0.002) had an independent predictive value of the therapeutic response. 99mTc-HDP dynamic blood flow scintigraphy could be helpful in predicting the therapeutic response in patients with RP.
Proportion and characteristics of lacrimal drainage pathway disease and keratopathy in non-infectious corneal perforation using lacrimal syringing test
Authors: Ishikawa Sho , Sasaki Takanori , Maruyama Takafumi , Shinoda Kei 
Published: November 2023

AbstractLacrimal drainage pathway disease-associated keratopathy (LDAK) has been associated with corneal perforation, which arises from both infectious and non-infectious corneal disorders. However, patients with corneal perforation are often not routinely tested for LDAK, and the potential risk posed by LDAK in the development of corneal ulcers has not been investigated in detail. This study aimed to assess the proportion and characteristics of LDAK in patients with non-infectious corneal perforation using lacrimal syringing test. This study enrolled 56 patients with corneal perforation treated at Saitama Medical University Hospital between January 2016 and September 2022. The causes of corneal perforation were trauma (n = 17, 30%), infection (n = 19, 34%), non-infection (n = 16, 29%), and unknown (n = 4, 7%). A lacrimal syringing test was performed on 12 patients with non-infectious corneal perforation and 4 with an unknown diagnosis. Among the 16 patients with non-infectious corneal perforation, 13 (81%) had lacrimal drainage disease, but only 3 (19%) patients had lacrimal puncta, as revealed by slit-lamp examinations. The primary bacterial species identified in lacrimal obstructive disease and lacrimal canaliculitis were Staphylococcus spp. and Actinomycetes spp. respectively. Lower temporal and peripheral corneal perforations were common. All patients underwent lacrimal surgery, and 6 (38%) were treated for corneal perforation without corneal surgery. Interestingly, several patients with LDAK who did not exhibit any lacrimal duct obstruction on slit-lamp examination. The study findings demonstrate the significance of the lacrimal syringing test for assessing LDAK in patients with corneal perforation, indicating LDAK as a potential cause of corneal perforation.
Insights into the mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 main protease autocatalytic maturation from model precursors
Authors: Aniana Annie , Nashed Nashaat T. , Ghirlando Rodolfo , Coates Leighton , Kneller Daniel W. , Kovalevsky Andrey , Louis John M. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractA critical step for SARS-CoV-2 assembly and maturation involves the autoactivation of the main protease (MProWT) from precursor polyproteins. Upon expression, a model precursor of MProWT mediates its own release at its termini rapidly to yield a mature dimer. A construct with an E290A mutation within MPro exhibits time dependent autoprocessing of the accumulated precursor at the N-terminal nsp4/nsp5 site followed by the C-terminal nsp5/nsp6 cleavage. In contrast, a precursor containing E290A and R298A mutations (MProM) displays cleavage only at the nsp4/nsp5 site to yield an intermediate monomeric product, which is cleaved at the nsp5/nsp6 site only by MProWT. MProM and the catalytic domain (MPro1-199) fused to the truncated nsp4 region also show time-dependent conversion in vitro to produce MProM and MPro1-199, respectively. The reactions follow first-order kinetics indicating that the nsp4/nsp5 cleavage occurs via an intramolecular mechanism. These results support a mechanism involving an N-terminal intramolecular cleavage leading to an increase in the dimer population and followed by an intermolecular cleavage at the C-terminus. Thus, targeting the predominantly monomeric MPro precursor for inhibition may lead to the identification of potent drugs for treatment.
Influence of symmetry on the magneto-optical properties of a bifunctional macrocyclic DyIII complex
Authors: Gil Yolimar , de Santana Ricardo Costa , Vega Andrés , Aravena Daniel , Spodine Evgenia 
Published: November 2023

Despite the coordination of a highly distorted macrocyclic ligand, a symmetrical DyIII complex was obtained and the influence of the symmetry on SMM behaviour and luminescence properties was established.
Wealth of nomads – an exploratory analysis of livestock inequality in the Saami reindeer husbandry
Authors: Næss Marius Warg , Bårdsen Bård-Jørgen 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe evolution of political complexity is a perennial issue in humanities and social sciences. While social inequality is pervasive in contemporary human societies, there is a view that livestock, as the primary source of wealth, limits the development of inequalities, making pastoralism unable to support complex or hierarchical organisations. Thus, complex nomadic pastoral organisation is predominantly caused by external factors: historically, nomadic political organisations mirrored the neighbouring sedentary population’s sophistication. Using governmental statistics from 2001 to 2018 on reindeer herding in Norway, this study demonstrates that there is nothing apparent in pastoral adaptation with livestock as the main base of wealth that levels wealth inequalities and limits social differentiation. This study found that inequality generally decreased in terms of the Gini coefficient and cumulative wealth. For example, the proportion owned by the wealthy decreased from 2001 to 2018, whereas the proportion owned by the poor increased. Nevertheless, rank differences persisted over time with minor changes. In particular, being poor is stable; around 50% of households ranked as poor in 2001 continued to be so in 2018. In summary, the results of this study indicate that pastoral wealth inequality follows the same pattern as all forms of wealth. Wealth accumulates over time, and while the highest earners can save much of their income (i.e., newborn livestock), low earners cannot. Thus, high-earners can accumulate more wealth over time, leading to considerable wealth inequality.
Recent progress in 2D bipolar magnetic semiconductors
Authors: Chen Ju , Wang Xuening , An Yipeng , Gong Shi-Jing 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Bipolar magnetic semiconductor (BMS) is a class of magnetic semiconductors, whose valence band maximum and conduction band minimum are fully spin-polarized with opposite spin directions. Due to the special energy band, half-metallicity can be easily obtained in BMS by gate voltage, and the spin polarization can be reversed between spin-up and down when the gate voltage switches from positive to negative. BMSs have great potential applications in spintronic devices, such as the field-effect spin valves, spin filters and spin transistors, etc. With the rapid progress of the two-dimensional (2D) magnetic materials, researchers have identified a series of potential intrinsic 2D BMS materials using high-throughput computational methods. Additionally, methods such as doping, application of external stress, introduction of external fields, stacking of interlayer antiferromagnetic semiconductors, and construction of Janus structures have endowed existing materials with BMS properties. This paper reviews the research progress of 2D BMS. These advancements provide crucial guidance for the design and synthesis of BMS materials and offer innovative pathways for the future development of spintronics.
Stochastic resonance impact signal detection method based on a novel single potential well model
Authors: Li Kaiyu , Li Jun , Bai Qianfan , Zhong Zhiqiang , Jia Yinliang , Wang Ping 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Our research introduces a novel stochastic resonance (SR) model featuring a single potential well and develops a dedicated detection system designed to address the challenging problem of detecting impact signals within a highly noisy background. We begin by examining the limitations of conventional metrics, such as the cross-correlation coefficient and kurtosis index, in identifying nonperiodic impact signals, and subsequently introduce an improved metric. By harnessing parameter-adjusted SR, this innovative potential well model and metric is integrated to formulate an adaptive detection method for nonperiodic impact signals. This method automatically adjusts system parameters in response to the input signal. Subsequently, numerical simulations of the system is conducted so as to perform a comparative analysis with experimental results obtained from both asymmetric single potential well and periodic potential systems. Our findings conclusively demonstrate the enhanced effectiveness of our proposed method in detecting impact signals within a high-noise environment. Furthermore, the method provides more accurate estimates of both the intensity and precise location of the input impact signal from the output results.
A rotating modified JNW spacetime as a Kerr black hole mimicker
Authors: Pal Kunal , Pal Kuntal , Shaikh Rajibul , Sarkar Tapobrata 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe Event Horizon Telescope has recently observed the images and shadows of the compact objects M87* and Sgr A* at the centres of the galaxies Messier 87 and Milky Way. This has opened up a new window in observational astronomy to probe and test gravity and fundamental physics in the strong-field regime. In this paper, we construct a rotating version of a modified Janis-Newman-Winicour metric obtained through the Simpson-Visser regularisation procedure and constrain the metric parameters using the observed shadows of M87* and Sgr A*. Depending on parameter values, the spacetime metric represents either a naked singularity or a wormhole. We find that the naked singularity case is not consistent with observations, as it casts a shadow that is much smaller than the observed ones. On the other hand, the shadow formed by the wormhole branch, depending on the parameter values, is consistent with the observations. We put constraints on the wormhole throat radius by comparing the shadow with the observed ones of M87* and Sgr A*.