bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Emergence modeling of three‐lobe morning glory (Ipomoea triloba L.) and demographic parameters of seed longevity and persistence in the soil
Authors: Zandoná Renan Ricardo , Agostinetto Dirceu , Schimitz Maicon Fernando , Bianchi Mário Antônio , Puntel Simone , da Rosa Ulguim André 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThree‐lobe morning glory (Ipomoea triloba L.) is an annual weed, which presents vigorous growth, long cycle, and tolerance to glyphosate. Thus, knowledge of aspects related to germination and behavior in the seed bank of this species are essential for the adoption of appropriate management practices to reduce the population in agricultural fields. Therefore, the objective of this work was to characterize the requirements for three‐lobe morning glory germination, perform field emergence modeling using thermal and hydrothermal time models, and determine the longevity of the seed bank. Eight temperatures and 10 water potentials were tested in the laboratory to determine the base temperature and water potential for seed germination. For the modeling of the emergence, field experiments were conducted between the years 2014 and 2018 considering three sampling times (10/20, 11/10, and 12/01), which coincide with the sowing times of summer annual crops. To evaluate the longevity and persistence of the seed bank, a factorial experiment was conducted in which factor A consisted of three burial depths and factor B consisted of five harvesting times. Base values for three‐lobe morning glory emergence are base, optimum, and maximum temperatures of 12.32, 29.82, and 43.31°C, respectively, and base water potential of −0.80 MPa. Both models are adequate to predict the emergence of three‐lobe morning glory in the three sampling times. The species has a persistent seed bank, in which the greater the depth of seed burial, the greater the longevity of the seed bank, and can remain viable for up to 16 months.
Are all avian influenza outbreaks in poultry the same? The predicted impact of poultry species and virus subtype
Authors: Kirkeby Carsten , Boklund Anette , Larsen Lars Erik , Ward Michael P. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAimsOutbreaks of avian influenza in poultry farms are currently increasing in frequency, with devastating consequences for animal welfare, farmers and supply chains. Some studies have documented the direct spread of the avian influenza virus between farms. Prevention of spread between farms relies on biosecurity surveillance and control measures. However, the evolution of an outbreak on a farm might vary depending on the virus strain and poultry species involved; this would have important implications for surveillance systems, epidemiological investigations and control measures.Methods and ResultsIn this study, we utilized existing parameter estimates from the literature to evaluate the predicted course of an epidemic in a standard poultry flock with 10,000 birds. We used a stochastic SEIR simulation model to simulate outbreaks in different species and with different virus subtypes. The simulations predicted large differences in the duration and severity of outbreaks, depending on the virus subtypes. For both turkeys and chickens, outbreaks with HPAI were of shorter duration than outbreaks with LPAI. In outbreaks involving the infection of chickens with different virus subtypes, the shortest epidemic involved H7N7 and HPAIV H5N1 (median duration of 9 and 17 days, respectively) and the longest involved H5N2 (median duration of 68 days). The most severe outbreaks (number of chickens infected) were predicted for H5N1, H7N1 and H7N3 virus subtypes, and the least severe for H5N2 and H7N7, in which outbreaks for the latter subtype were predicted to develop most slowly.ConclusionsThese simulation results suggest that surveillance of certain subtypes of avian influenza virus, in chicken flocks in particular, needs to be sensitive and timely if infection is to be detected with sufficient time to implement control measures. The variability in the predictions highlights that avian influenza outbreaks are different in severity, speed and duration, so surveillance and disease response need to be nuanced and fit the specific context of poultry species and virus subtypes.
Intestinal lysozyme1 deficiency alters microbiota composition and impacts host metabolism through the emergence of NAD
+
-secreting
ASTB Qing110
bacteria
Authors: Zhang Chengye , Xiang Chen , Zhou Kaichen , Liu Xingchen , Qiao Guofeng , Zhao Yabo , Dong Kemeng , Sun Ke , Liu Zhihua 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

The intestine plays a pivotal role in nutrient absorption and host defense against pathogens, orchestrated in part by antimicrobial peptides secreted by Paneth cells. Among these peptides, lysozyme has multifaceted functions beyond its bactericidal activity. Here, we uncover the intricate relationship between intestinal lysozyme, the gut microbiota, and host metabolism. Lysozyme deficiency in mice led to altered body weight, energy expenditure, and substrate utilization, particularly on a high-fat diet. Interestingly, these metabolic benefits were linked to changes in the gut microbiota composition. Cohousing experiments revealed that the metabolic effects of lysozyme deficiency were microbiota-dependent. 16S rDNA sequencing highlighted differences in microbial communities, with
ASTB_g
(OTU60) highly enriched in lysozyme knockout mice. Subsequently, a novel bacterium,
ASTB Qing110
, corresponding to
ASTB_g
(OTU60), was isolated. Metabolomic analysis revealed that
ASTB Qing110
secreted high levels of NAD
+
, potentially influencing host metabolism. This study sheds light on the complex interplay between intestinal lysozyme, the gut microbiota, and host metabolism, uncovering the potential role of
ASTB Qing110
as a key player in modulating metabolic outcomes.

IMPORTANCE

The impact of intestinal lumen lysozyme on intestinal health is complex, arising from its multifaceted interactions with the gut microbiota. Lysozyme can both mitigate and worsen certain health conditions, varying with different scenarios. This underscores the necessity of identifying the specific bacterial responses elicited by lysozyme and understanding their molecular foundations. Our research reveals that a deficiency in intestinal lysozyme1 may offer protection against diet-induced obesity by altering bacterial populations. We discovered a strain of bacterium,
ASTB Qing110
, which secretes NAD
+
and is predominantly found in lyz1-deficient mice.
Qing110
demonstrates positive effects in both
C. elegans
and mouse models of ataxia telangiectasia. This study sheds light on the intricate role of lysozyme in influencing intestinal health.
Effects of non-pelleted or pelleted low-native grass and pelleted high-native grass diets on meat quality by regulating the rumen microbiota in lambs
Authors: Liu Tingyu , Bu Zhenkun , Xiang Kaifeng , Jia Yushan , Du Shuai 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Diet modulates the rumen microbiota, which in turn can impact the animal performance. The rumen microbiota is increasingly recognized for its crucial role in regulating the growth and meat quality of the host. Nevertheless, the mechanism by which the rumen microbiome influences the fatty acid and amino acid profiles of lambs in the grass feeding system remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different native grass-based diets on animal performance, meat quality, fatty acid compositions, amino acid profiles, and rumen microbiota of lamb. Seventy-two Ujumqin lambs were randomly assigned into three treatments according to the initial body weight (27.39 ± 0.51 kg) and age (6 months ± 6 days). The lambs received three diets: (i) non-pelleted native grass hay with 40% concentrate diet; the native grass and concentrate were fed individually; (ii) pelleted native grass hay with 40% concentrate diet (PHLC); (iii) pelleted native grass hay with 60% concentrate diet (PHHC). The results showed that among the three groups, the PHHC and PHLC diets had markedly (
P
< 0.05) higher average daily gain and pH
45 min
, respectively. All amino acid levels were significantly (
P
< 0.05) decreased in the PHHC diet than in the PHLC diet. The principal coordinate analysis of the ruminal microbiota indicated the markedly distinct separation (
P
= 0.001) among the three groups. In addition, the correlation analysis showed that the
Rikenellaceae
_RC9_gut_group,
Prevotellaceae
_UCG-003,
Succinivibrio
, and
Succiniclasticum
were significantly (
P
< 0.05) associated with most of the fatty acid and amino acid profiles. The correlation analysis of the association of microbiome with the meat quality provides us with a comprehensive understanding of the composition and function of the rumen microbial community, and these findings will contribute to the direction of future research in lamb.

IMPORTANCE
Diet modulates the gut microbiome, which in turn impact the meat quality, yet few studies investigate the correlation between the rumen microbiome and the fatty acid profile of meat. Here, the current study develops an experiment to investigate the correlation of the rumen microbiome and fatty acid profile of meat: rumen microbiome responses to feed type and meat quality. The results indicated a unique microbiota in the rumen of lamb in response to diets and meat quality. Associations between utilization and production were widely identified among the affected microbiome and meat quality, and these findings will contribute to the direction of future research in lamb.
Effective interventions for improving routine childhood immunisation in low and middle-income countries: a systematic review of systematic reviews
Authors: Jain Monica , Duvendack Maren , Shisler Shannon , Parsekar Shradha S , Leon Maria Daniela Anda 
Published: February 2024

ObjectiveAn umbrella review providing a comprehensive synthesis of the interventions that are effective in providing routine immunisation outcomes for children in low and middle-income countries (L&MICs).DesignA systematic review of systematic reviews, or an umbrella review.Data sourcesWe comprehensively searched 11 academic databases and 23 grey literature sources. The search was adopted from an evidence gap map on routine child immunisation sector in L&MICs, which was done on 5 May 2020. We updated the search in October 2021.Eligibility criteriaWe included systematic reviews assessing the effectiveness of any intervention on routine childhood immunisation outcomes in L&MICs.Data extraction and synthesisSearch results were screened by two reviewers independently applying predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data were extracted by two researchers independently. The Specialist Unit for Review Evidence checklist was used to assess review quality. A mixed-methods synthesis was employed focusing on meta-analytical and narrative elements to accommodate both the quantitative and qualitative information available from the included reviews.Results62 systematic reviews are included in this umbrella review. We find caregiver-oriented interventions have large positive and statistically significant effects, especially those focusing on short-term sensitisation and education campaigns as well as written messages to caregivers. For health system-oriented interventions the evidence base is thin and derived from narrative synthesis suggesting positive effects for home visits, mixed effects for pay-for-performance schemes and inconclusive effects for contracting out services to non-governmental providers. For all other interventions under this category, the evidence is either limited or not available. For community-oriented interventions, a recent high-quality mixed-methods review suggests positive but small effects. Overall, the evidence base is highly heterogenous in terms of scope, intervention types and outcomes.ConclusionInterventions oriented towards caregivers and communities are effective in improving routine child immunisation outcomes. The evidence base on health system-oriented interventions is scant not allowing us to reach firm conclusions, except for home visits. Large evidence gaps exist and need to be addressed. For example, more high-quality evidence is needed for specific caregiver-oriented interventions (eg, monetary incentives) as well as health system-oriented (eg, health workers and data systems) and community-oriented interventions. We also need to better understand complementarity of different intervention types.
Association between animal protein intake, oral frailty and calf circumference in middle-aged and older adults: a cross-sectional analysis from the Shika study
Authors: Suzuki Fumihiko , Okamoto Shigefumi , Nakai Shingo , Miyagi Sakae , Tsujiguchi Hiromasa , Hara Akinori , Nguyen Thao Thi Thu , Shimizu Yukari , Hayashi Koichiro , Suzuki Keita , Kasahara Tomoko , Nakamura Masaharu , Takazawa Chie , Ogawa Aya , Shibata Aki , Kannon Takayuki , Tajima Atsushi , Tsuboi Hirohito , Ogino Noriyoshi , Konoshita Tadashi , Takamura Toshinari , Sato Kuniko , Nakamura Hiroyuki 
Published: February 2024

ObjectiveTo investigate the relationship between oral frailty (OF), nutrient intake and calf circumference (CC) in middle-aged and older adults.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingResidents of four model districts of Shika town, Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan, using data from November 2017 to February 2018.ParticipantsOne hundred and ninety-four residents aged ≥50 years in four model districts of Shika town. The OF total score ≥3 was defined as OF. Participants were divided into OF and non-OF groups and divided into the low-CC/kg and the high-CC/kg groups.Outcome measuresThe primary outcome is to use a two-way analysis of covariance to analyse the interaction between the two CC/kg groups and the two OF groups on nutrition intake. The secondary outcome is to use multiple regression analysis to investigate the nutrients significantly related to CC/kg when stratified by OF, with age, sex, body mass index, drinking status, smoking status and regular exercise as input covariates.ResultsA two-way analysis of covariance revealed a significant interaction between the two CC/kg groups and the two OF groups on animal protein intake (p=0.039). Multiple comparisons using the Bonferroni analysis revealed a significantly lower animal protein intake in the OF group than in the non-OF group with a low CC/kg (p=0.033) but not in the group with a high CC/kg. The multiple regression analysis stratified by OF revealed a positive correlation between animal protein intake and CC/kg (p=0.002).ConclusionsThe present results revealed a significantly lower animal protein intake in the OF group than in the non-OF group in the low-CC/kg group, but no such difference was observed in the high-CC/kg group. Further longitudinal studies are needed to elucidate this relationship.
Informal coercion in inpatient mental healthcare: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Billé Vincent , Lessard-Deschênes Clara , Sergerie-Richard Sophie , Désilets Marie , Tansey Julie , Goulet Marie-Hélène 
Published: February 2024

IntroductionComprehending informal coercion, which encompasses a wide range of phenomena characterised by subtle and non-legalised pressures, can be complex. Its use is underestimated within the continuum of coercion in mental health, although its application may have a negative impact on the persons involved. A better understanding of informal coercion is crucial for improving mental healthcare and informing future research. This scoping review aims to explore the nature, extent and consequences of informal coercion in mental health hospitalisation to clarify this phenomenon, establish its boundaries more clearly and identify knowledge gaps.Methods and analysisFollowing the methodological framework from the Joanna Briggs Institute, this scoping review will encompass 10 key steps. Literature searches will be conducted in electronic databases, including CINAHL, PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, PsycINFO, and ProQuest Dissertation and Theses. Then, a search in grey literature sources (Open Grey, Grey Guide), psychiatric and mental health journals, government agencies and among the references of selected studies will be conducted. The research will include all literature focusing on informal coercion with inpatients aged 18 and above. Data will be extracted and analysed descriptively, mapping the available knowledge and identifying thematic patterns. The quality of included studies will be assessed using appropriate appraisal tools. An exploratory search was conducted in November 2023 and will be updated in December 2023 when the selection of relevant evidence will begin.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is not required as this study involves the analysis of existing published literature. The findings will be disseminated through a peer-reviewed publication and presentations at relevant conferences. They will be shared with people living with mental disorders and professionals working in mental healthcare.
Adverse independent prognostic effect of initial lung cancer on female patients with second primary breast cancer: a propensity score-matched study based on the SEER database
Authors: Zhao Dechang , Zhong Wenqing , Wang Yan , Zhang Kaiming , Shan Jialu , Cai Ruizhao , Du Tian , Chen Qingshan , Deng Rong , Zhou Yi , Tang Jun 
Published: February 2024

ObjectiveTo investigate the prognostic impact of initial lung cancer (LC) on second primary breast cancer after LC (LC-BC) and further develop a nomogram for predicting the survival of patients.MethodsAll patients diagnosed with LC-BC and first primary BC (BC-1) during 2000–2017 were collected from Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. Pathological features, treatment strategies and survival outcomes were compared between LC-BC and BC-1 before and after propensity score matching (PSM). Cox regression analysis was performed to identify the prognostic factors associated with LC in patients with LC-BC. Additionally, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression analysis was used to select clinical characteristics for nomogram construction, which were subsequently evaluated using the concordance index (C-index), calibration curve and decision curve analysis (DCA).Results827 429 patients with BC-1 and 1445 patients with LC-BC were included in the analysis. Before and after PSM, patients with BC-1 had a better prognosis than individuals with LC-BC in terms of both overall survival (OS) and breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS). Furthermore, characteristics such as more regional lymph node dissection, earlier stage and the lack of chemotherapy and radiation for LC were found to have a stronger predictive influence on LC-BC. The C-index values (OS, 0.748; BCSS, 0.818), calibration curves and DCA consistently demonstrated excellent predictive accuracy of the nomogram.ConclusionIn conclusion, patients with LC-BC have a poorer prognosis than those with BC-1, and LC traits can assist clinicians estimate survival of patients with LC-BC more accurately.
Changes in surgical mortality during COVID-19 pandemic by patients’ race, ethnicity and socioeconomic status among US older adults: a quasi-experimental event study model
Authors: Blegen Mariah B , Rook Jordan M , Jackson Nicholas J , Maggard-Gibbons Melinda , Li Ruixin , Russell Marcia M , Russell Tara A , de Virgilio Christian , Tsugawa Yusuke 
Published: February 2024

ObjectivesTo examine changes in the 30-day surgical mortality rate after common surgical procedures during the COVID-19 pandemic and investigate whether its impact varies by urgency of surgery or patient race, ethnicity and socioeconomic status.DesignWe used a quasi-experimental event study design to examine the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on surgical mortality rate, using patients who received the same procedure in the prepandemic years (2016–2019) as the control, adjusting for patient characteristics and hospital fixed effects (effectively comparing patients treated at the same hospital). We conducted stratified analyses by procedure urgency, patient race, ethnicity and socioeconomic status (dual-Medicaid status and median household income).SettingAcute care hospitals in the USA.ParticipantsMedicare fee-for-service beneficiaries aged 65–99 years who underwent one of 14 common surgical procedures from 1 January 2016 to 31 December 2020.Main outcome measures30-day postoperative mortality rate.ResultsOur sample included 3 620 689 patients. Surgical mortality was higher during the pandemic, with peak mortality observed in April 2020 (adjusted risk difference (aRD) +0.95 percentage points (pp); 95% CI +0.76 to +1.26 pp; p<0.001) and mortality remained elevated through 2020. The effect of the pandemic on mortality was larger for non-elective (vs elective) procedures (April 2020: aRD +0.44 pp (+0.16 to +0.72 pp); p=0.002 for elective; aRD +1.65 pp (+1.00, +2.30 pp); p<0.001 for non-elective). We found no evidence that the pandemic mortality varied by patients’ race and ethnicity (p for interaction=0.29), or socioeconomic status (p for interaction=0.49).Conclusions30-day surgical mortality during the COVID-19 pandemic peaked in April 2020 and remained elevated until the end of the year. The influence of the pandemic on surgical mortality did not vary by patient race and ethnicity or socioeconomic status, indicating that once patients were able to access care and undergo surgery, surgical mortality was similar across groups.
Patient experiences of undergoing abortion with and without an ultrasound scan in Britain
Authors: Blaylock Rebecca , Lohr Patricia A , Hoggart Lesley , Lowe Pam 
Published: February 2024

BackgroundRoutine ultrasound scanning to determine gestational age and pregnancy location has long been part of pre-abortion assessment in Britain, despite not being legally required or recommended in national clinical guidelines. To support implementation of fully telemedical abortion care (implemented in Britain in April 2020), the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (RCOG) issued clinical guidance for an ‘as-indicated’ approach to pre-abortion ultrasound, removing the need for a clinic visit. We aimed to understand patient experiences of ultrasound in abortion care by conducting a qualitative study with individuals who had abortions with and without an ultrasound scan.MethodsBetween November 2021 and July 2022, we recruited patients who had a medical abortion at home without a pre-procedure ultrasound at 69 days’ gestation or less at British Pregnancy Advisory Service (BPAS), and also had at least one other abortion with an ultrasound from any provider in Britain. We conducted interviews using a semi-structured interview guide to explore our participants’ experiences and conducted reflexive thematic analysis.ResultsWe recruited 24 participants and included 19 interviews in our analysis. We developed three themes from our data. These were ‘Ultrasound scans and their relationship with autonomy and decision-making’, ‘Intrusive and out of place: the ultrasound as an inappropriate technology’ and ‘Towards preference-centred, quality care’.ConclusionsFurther research and user-testing of strategies to improve the scan experience should be undertaken. Patient testimonies on the negative impact of ultrasound scans in abortion care should reassure providers that omitting them according to patient preference is a positive step towards providing patient-centred care.