bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Musical scales optimize pitch spacing: A global analysis of traditional vocal music
Authors: Brown Steven , Phillips Elizabeth , Husein Khalil , McBride John 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The standard model of musical scales is derived from instrument tunings. However, the study of vocal scales – most especially in indigenous cultures – has been all but ignored. The voice is almost certainly the original musical instrument, and so an analysis of vocal scales provides a more naturalistic means of understanding the evolution of music. In particular, we explore the idea that the structure of musical scales is a reflection of the vocal imprecision inherent in the way that people sing, regardless of culture. To investigate this issue globally, we carried out a large-scale computational analysis of 418 ethnographic field recordings of vocal songs from indigenous/traditional cultures, spanning the 10 principal musical-style regions of the world. The results revealed that vocal scales have reliably larger intervallic spacings between pitch-classes than do instrumental scales in Western culture. In addition, the mean interval-size of the scales was significantly correlated with people’s imprecision in singing pitches across the world regions. These results lend support to a physiological model in which musical scales optimize pitch spacing in order to accommodate the imprecision inherent in vocal production and thereby maintain distinguishability between pitch-classes.
Unlocking the Enigma: Imagery and Meaning in Chinese Characters
Authors: feng lang 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Phonetic characters neatly tie letters to pronunciation for recording speech sounds. Conversely, Chinese characters deviate from this phonetic simplicity, as their meanings veiled behind a mysterious ideological mechanism. Our analysis, spanning 9,000 regular script Chinese characters, unravels this enigma, revealing a rich tapestry of imagery encapsulating experiential events. Unlike their phonetic counterparts, Chinese characters refrain from direct sound representation. Instead, our findings illuminate a fascinating revelation—these characters employ imagery as metaphors to convey meanings. In essence, the structures themselves craft mental representations of experiences tied to word meanings. This intricate dance between structure and meaning forms a powerful ideological connection, facilitating our comprehension of word meanings. To systematically explore these visual metaphors, we establish four necessary conditions, adhering to scientific rigor and steering clear of unwarranted speculation. By collecting and analysing the meanings of characters sharing identical structures, we distill structural imagery that meets our stringent criteria. In conclusion, we identify the structural imagery underpinning 9,000 regular script Chinese characters and their intricate formations. Additionally, we outline five cognitive patterns governing their interactions. These revelations reveal the mechanism of ideogram formation in the Chinese language, offering a guiding theory for the nuanced study of Chinese word formation. Beyond theoretical significance, our research has practical implications, as it could enhance the efficiency of Chinese word acquisition.
Shining Through Shadows: Uncovering Barriers and Facilitators to Solar Energy Adoption in Commercial Enterprises
Authors: Dewi Lutfiana 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This qualitative research delves into the multifaceted landscape of solar energy adoption in commercial enterprises, unveiling the intricacies of barriers and facilitators shaping businesses' transition towards sustainable energy practices. Through in-depth interviews and case studies, the study explores the interconnected themes of economic considerations, regulatory landscapes, technological readiness, organizational cultures, information and education, and collaboration and partnerships. Economic considerations play a pivotal role, with the upfront costs of solar installations acting as a significant barrier. However, businesses that successfully embrace solar power emphasize long-term economic benefits and return on investment as compelling facilitators. The regulatory landscape emerges as a critical factor, with supportive policies and clear regulations accelerating adoption, while ambiguity hampers progress. Technological readiness reflects the delicate balance between innovation, reliability, and perceived risks. Proactive sustainability-oriented cultures within organizational dynamics act as powerful facilitators, while resistance to change requires internal education and cultural transformation. Information and education serve as fundamental pillars, necessitating effective communication strategies and collaborative efforts for widespread awareness. Collaboration and partnerships are identified as key enablers, transcending individual businesses and fostering a supportive ecosystem. The study concludes that a holistic and collaborative approach, involving policymakers, industry stakeholders, and businesses, is essential for overcoming barriers and accelerating the transition to solar energy adoption.
Sémiotique sociale des plateformes éducatives et subjectivités enseignantes
Authors: Tréhondart Nolwenn , Carton Tiphaine 
Published: February 2024

Dans le prolongement des travaux de Pierre Mœglin sur l’industrialisation de l’éducation (2006, 2016), notre propos s’inscrit dans le contexte de la diffusion grandissante d’une conception du numérique éducatif propagée par la filière française de la EdTech (Educational Technology). Nous présentons le contexte socioéconomique dans lequel opèrent les entreprises de la EdTech, puis nous introduisons des éléments de réflexion sur le concept de « plateforme éducative », au regard de travaux existants. Notre méthodologie, qui s’inspire de la sémiotique sociale (Saemmer et al., 2022), mobilise des concepts critiques issus de la sémiotique des écrits d’écran, couplés à une recherche-formation auprès d’enseignants. En prenant pour objet d’étude la plateforme d’apprentissage de la lecture Lalilo, nous montrons comment une démarche collective en sémiotique sociale peut les amener à réfléchir aux valeurs, normes et représentations du monde modélisées dans le design des plateformes éducatives, mais aussi à leurs propres représentations du numérique éducatif.
Role and Responsibilities of Various Stakeholders in Pharmacovigilance
Authors: Phougat Pinki , Beniwal Meenu , Kapoor Garima , Aggarwal Navidha , Kumari Aanchal , Sharma Rashmi , Chopra Hitesh , Sharma Rohit , Kamal Mohammad Amjad 
Published: February 2024

:
In this review paper, we have analyzed the potential and issues associated with Pharmacovigilance
(PV). The analysis is divided into four sections: background, stakeholders, data sources,
and medicinal chemistry. Each section discusses the current state, the future trends, and the best practices
of Pharmacovigilance (PV). The main purpose, methods, results, and implications of our analysis
are summarized.

Background:
PV is the science and practice of monitoring, evaluating, understanding, and preventing
adverse drug reactions. PV was established by the World Health Organization in response
to the thalidomide tragedy of 1961. The main purpose of PV is to ensure the safety and efficacy of
drugs in clinical practice.

Stakeholders:
PV involves various stakeholders, such as patients, pharmacists, pharmaceutical
companies, healthcare professionals, and regulatory authorities. Each stakeholder has a different
role and responsibility in reporting, processing, analyzing, and communicating information
about adverse drug reactions. Patient engagement is a key factor for enhancing PV practices.

Data Sources:
PV relies on data from various sources, such as clinical trials, spontaneous reports,
electronic medical records, biomedical literature, and patient-reported data in online
health forums. These data sources can provide valuable insights into the real-world use and
safety of drugs, as well as the preferences and needs of patients. However, these data sources
also pose challenges in terms of quality, validity, reliability, and accessibility.

Medicinal Chemistry:
Medicinal chemistry is the branch of chemistry that deals with the design,
synthesis, and evaluation of new drugs and their biological effects. Medicinal chemistry can enhance
PV practices by finding new therapeutic indications for existing drugs or compounds that have already
been tested for safety and efficacy. Medicinal chemistry also requires careful design and evaluation
of covalent inhibitors, bi-substrate inhibitors, stabilizers of protein non-effective conformations,
and hydrophobic pocket modifiers to ensure their safety and efficacy.

Implications:
PV is a dynamic and evolving discipline that requires collaboration, regulation,
education, and innovation to improve patient safety and care. This review aims to provide a
comprehensive overview of the potential and issues associated with PV practices.
Ethnomedicinal Value of Medicinal Plants Found In Chhattisgarh: Recent Scenario and Advancement
Authors: Pandey Ravindra Kumar , Jain Parag , Shukla Shiv Shankar , Gidwani Beena , Jain Akanksha , - Ajazuddin 
Published: February 2024

Abstract:
Traditional plant-based medicine in India exemplifies the culturally accepted connection
between natural medicines, health, diet, and folk healing. Plants and their derivatives are
increasingly used to treat illness because they are thought to be safe and effective medications
with few side effects and low cost. Herbal medicine has long been the foundation of alternative
healthcare and a primary inspiration for the development of novel pharmaceuticals. Medicinal,
aromatic, and dye plants with significant social, economic, and commercial value are stored in
Chhattisgarh. The current review article is an ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants used in
traditional medicine in the Chhattisgarh region of India. This review article includes data on the
plant species, plant parts, preparation process, and medicinal uses of traditional plants. Information
about medicinal plants was gathered from journals, textbooks, periodicals, websites, and
databases. The plant species discussed in the article have been widely utilized in Chhattisgarh,
India to prevent and treat a wide range of diseases.
The Perspective of Unani Medicine in Understanding Melasma – A Review
Authors: Horti Arshan , Husain Nazim , Shaikh Shalina , Imran Shaikh , Abbas Shaikh Nisar Ahmed , Khan Khan Ameer Kouser 
Published: February 2024

Abstract:
Melasma, a prevalent hyperpigmentation skin disorder, poses significant challenges in
dermatology clinics. Despite its global impact, conventional treatment options often entail potential
side effects and limitations, necessitating the search for alternative therapeutic strategies.

:
This narrative review aims to advance the understanding of melasma from the perspective of
Unani medicine, an ancient healing system recognized by the World Health Organization. It seeks
to explore potential therapeutic avenues within the Unani medical paradigm by synergizing ancient
wisdom with contemporary perspectives.

:
The review delves into the Unani scholars' understanding of melasma, known as Kalaf, drawing
from the wisdom of renowned scholars. Their insights into the multifactorial etiology of melasma,
including pathogenesis, treatment approach, and recommended prescriptions, are discussed.

:
The descriptions of melasma by Unani scholars have documented the etiopathogenesis, risk factors,
and management in detail and emphasize personalized interventions based on the pathological
concepts of Unani medicine. Moreover, some of these interventions were also investigated in
recent clinical trials and found to have comparable efficacy with standard treatment options.

:
This review fosters the understanding of the pathogenesis of melasma according to Unani concepts
and a holistic approach to the management of melasma, drawing from the timeless legacy
of the Unani system of medicine. This review may serve as a reference point for future research,
enabling the planning of subsequent studies on this disease with a comprehensive understanding
of the previous investigations conducted in this field.
Modelarea operațiilor de comerț internațional în funcție de regulile unionale de concurență
Authors: Deleanu Sergiu 
Published: February 2024

Regulile unionale de concurență pot să influențeze formarea, conținutul și încetarea contractelor comerciale internaționale. Această influență se poate manifesta chiar dacă negocierile dintre părți nu se încheie cu un rezultat reciproc acceptabil.
În unele situații, intervenția regulilor unionale de concurență poate să determine încheierea sau nu a unor contracte de către operatorii economici.
De asemenea, regulile unionale de concurență pot să influențeze modul de elaborare a numeroase clauze generale și specifice ale contractelor comerciale internaționale.
Aspecte privind încetarea contractelor pot să fie supuse, și ele, regulilor unionale de concurență.
Regulile arătate pot să intervină în calitate de prevederi aparținând legii contractului; de dispoziții de la care nu se poate deroga prin convenție, în sensul art. 3 alin. (4) din Regulamentul nr. 593/2008 privind legea aplicabilă obligațiilor contractuale; de norme de ordine publică unională sau de norme de aplicare imediată.
Respectarea regulilor unionale de concurență este asigurată, după caz, de către Comisie, de autoritățile de concurență ale statelor membre, de instanțele de judecată ale Uniunii Europene și ale statelor membre.
O contributo de Wenceslau de Moraes para o estudo das relações linguísticas entre Portugal e o Japão
Authors: Sousa Maria , Fonseca Maria do Céu , Osório Paulo 
Published: February 2024

Num dos muitos livros dedicados à amizade entre Portugal e Japão, Wenceslau de Moraes (1854-1929), viajante apaixonado pela cultura nipónica, refere-se ao seu “passeio filológico, ao longo da gramática japonesa” (2015, p. 87), a título de convite lançado ao leitor. Embora o passeio seja curto no caso da presente obra, Relance da Alma Japonesa, o repto desafia qualquer um a pesquisar outras possíveis incursões filológicas na obra de um autor caracterizado por uma inclinação orientalista, que, na sequência da descoberta do sânscrito, foi também timbre da filologia oitocentista. É esta a linha que se segue no presente trabalho, que pretende revisitar a obra de Wenceslau de Moraes no tocante a matérias de língua e que, considerando a dimensão sempre contrastiva entre Oriente e Ocidente que o autor imprime ao tratamento de tais matérias, se sintetiza na expressão de relações linguísticas entre Portugal e o Japão. Referem-se todos os aspetos linguísticos detetados na obra do autor. Embora se façam alguns cortes, as abordagens linguísticas de Wenceslau de Moraes podem ser organizadas nas áreas de morfologia, sintaxe, léxico, onomástica e paremiologia.
Evaluasi Kinerja AC Sistem VRF (Variable Refrigerant Flow) Berkapasitas 20 PK pada Rumah Sakit X
Authors: Aulia Nur Fatowil , Winardi Yoyok 
Published: February 2024

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui kinerja dari AC sistem VRF ( Variable Refrigerant Flow ) dengan standar nasional SNI 6390:2020. Metode yang digunakan adalah dengan mengukur temperatur yang ada didalam siklus refrigerasi ( T1,T2,T3,T4 ) dan tekanannya ( P1, P2 ) serta tegangan dan arus listrik pada kompresor untuk 8 unit mesin AC sistem VRF. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menghitung kerja kompresi, kalor yang dilepas kondensor, dampak refrigerasi , daya listrik kompresor dan COPRefrigerasi . analisis dilakukan dengan membandingkan hasil COPRefrigerasi dengan standar nasional SNI 6390:2020 didapatkan nilai terkecil COPRefrigerasi 6,79 dengan kerja kompresi 25,736 kJ/kg, dampak refrigerasi 174,779 kJ/kg dan COPRefrigerasi terbesar 14,53 dengan kerja kompresi 13,026 kJ/kg, dampak refrigerasi 189,338 kJ/kg. Menurut SNI 6390:2020 nilai minimum COPRefrigerasi 3,81 untuk mesin AC sistem VRF, maka hasil dari data tersebut menunjukan kinerja AC sistem VRF di Rumah Sakit X sudah sesuai standar nasional karena sudah melebihi nilai minimum COPRefrigerasi SNI 6390:2020
Pengaruh Jumlah Rivet Terhadap Kekuatan Mekanik Sambungan Komposit Serbuk Batu Bata Hebel
Authors: Sugiyanto Sugiyanto , Purwanto Andi , Vincentius Vincentius 
Published: February 2024

Indonesia merupakan salah satu negara tropis dengan tingkat keanekaragaman hayati terbesar di dunia. Banyak sekali potensi kekayaan alam Indonesia yang dapat dimanfaatkan untuk mendukung ketersediaan sumber daya sebagai salah satu elemen pendorong peningkatan daya saing industri. Salah satunya adalah pemanfaatan sumber daya alam Indonesia untuk mensubsitusi bahan baku di industri yang selama ini harus dipenuhi melalui jalur impor. Perkembangan teknologi khususnya dibidang komposit, telah menghasilkan produk komposit yang menggunakan serbuk Batu bata Hebel sebagai penguat. Tujuan dari penelitian ini antara lain : Mengetahui pengaruh sambungan mekanik pada komposit berpenguat serbuk batu bata hebel dengan sambungan tipe single lap terhadap kekuatan tarik dan kekuatan jumlah sambungan rivet pada komposit serbuk batu bata hebel yang mempunyai nilai sambungan mekanik yang tinggi. Bahan yang digunakan limbah batu bata hebbel sebagai penguat/filler komposit yang sudah dijadikan serbuk dan disaring dengan mesh 100, resin epoxy sebagai matrik komposit, Rivet untuk menyambung material komposit dan alat yang digunakan adalah Alat uji tarik (Universal Testing Machine): menguji spesimen. Hasil penelitian adalah Semakin banyak jumlah rivet, maka semakin tinggi nilai kekuatan tarik pada sambungan komposit serbuk batu bata hebel. Nilai kekuatan sambungan mekanik menggunakan rivet dengan sambungan tumpang pada komposit serbuk batu bata hebel yang mempunyai nilai tertinggi dimiliki oleh sambungan jumlah rivet 3 sebesar yang mempunyai kekuatan tarik 2,963 MPa dengan peningkatan rata-rata kekuatan tarik 32,91%.
Problematizando los vínculos entre enseñanza de la historia y sitios de memoria en Argentina .
Authors: Pappier Viviana , Garriga Maria Cristina 
Published: February 2024

A 40 años de la recuperación de la democracia en la Argentina revisar cómo se enseña el pasado reciente en la escuela resulta central. En dicha enseñanza cada vez cobra más relevancia la visita a sitios de memoria y desde la cátedra de Planificación Didáctica y Prácticas de la enseñanza en Historia desde hace más de una década problematizamos su enseñanza compartiendo salidas en la formación docente. En este trabajo analizaremos las salidas a la casa Mariani-Teruggi, de la Ciudad de La Plata, casa que narra el destino de una familia y al mismo tiempo territorializa las memorias de la represión de la última dictadura. Para ello recuperamos registros de salidas realizadas por practicantes, integrantes de la cátedra, estudiantes secundarios y entrevistas realizadas a docentes guías que realizan la visita. Las voces de los diferentes actores involucrados posibilitan poner en tensión tanto las formas que adopta la transmisión del pasado reciente a los jóvenes como la apropiación que hacen de un sitio de memoria y las relaciones que se establecen entre aquel pasado, el presente y el futuro.
Robert Morrison's Missionary Work in the Qing Empire
Authors: Stepanov Igor Nikolaevich 
Published: February 2024

The subject of the study is the activity of Robert Morrison and his role in Protestant missionary activity. The author offers a description of the beginning of this missionary activity in the 19th century in the person of Robert Morrison. The study attempts to determine the characteristics of Morrison in this field and his motivation. When writing the article, the following sources were used: an article by Russian historian Vladimir Grigoryevich Datsyshen about the history of Christianity in China, a biography of Morrison authored by William John Townsend, the head of the Methodist Church, the work of James Alexander, a professor of rhetoric at the College of New Jersey, a contemporary of the missionary, as well as a retrospective by William Milne describing the activities of Protestant missionaries in that time period. The novelty of the article is to familiarize Russian-speaking readers with the problems of Protestant missionary activity in the 19th century through works that have not been translated into Russian. A small practical result in the spread of Christianity in China is confirmed, despite the accumulated theoretical base. The study confirmed the role of the opium trade as an activity that harmed missionaries, and therefore criticized by Morrison because it became one of the reasons for the rejection of Christianity by the Chinese. It also describes a huge amount of work in the translation of literature carried out by missionaries in order to familiarize the Chinese with the fruits of Western culture.
Perpetuation of the memory of an outstanding countryman as a social practice: the name of M.A. Vrubel in the urban space of Omsk in 1923
Authors: Tishkina Kseniya Alekseevna , Valkova Kseniya Viktorovna , Tishkina Tatyana Vladimirovna 
Published: February 2024

The subject of the study is the social practice of the Omsk intelligentsia in the 1910s-1923 in order to perpetuate the memory of the artist M.A. Vrubel (1856-1910). The problem of preserving the historical memory of famous personalities of the past in the public consciousness is very relevant in modern historical science, since it largely determines the image and historical and cultural potential of the region. At the beginning of the XX century, the desire of the intelligentsia of large cities for the right to transform them into cultural and artistic centers of the region was recorded on the territory of Siberia. In this situation, the continuity of provincial and metropolitan culture, primarily carried out through famous countrymen, played an important role. In the 1910s, the appeal to the personality of M.A. Vrubel was of great importance in determining the identity of the Omsk artistic intelligentsia, ensuring the high status of Omsk as a cultural center of Siberia, as well as the heir and admirer of the creative traditions of the famous countryman. The subject field of the study correlates with the "history of memory", in which the treatment and attitude to the name of M.A. Vrubel in Omsk directly depended on historical time, the emergence of new needs, practices and meanings. Methodologically, the study is based on a socio-cultural approach that allows us to consider the role of M.A. Vrubel's personality in improving the image of Omsk in general, as well as the cultural level of its residents, in particular. Despite the fact that the personality of the master is important in determining the historical and cultural potential of Omsk, the information related to the initial stage of perpetuating his memory in the city is fragmentary. Based on archival documents, periodical materials and research on the topic, the authors characterized the process of founding the Omsk Art and Industrial College, as well as naming it after M.A. Vrubel in 1923, which laid the foundation for further involvement of the famous artist's name in the historical and cultural heritage of the region. It is concluded that despite the fact that M.A. Vrubel left Omsk in early childhood, subsequently the significant contribution of the master to the development of Russian art made his personality significant for the formation of the historical and cultural landscape of his native city.