bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metamodelling phosphorus best management practices for policy use: a frontier approach
Authors: Johansson Robert C. , Gowda Prasanna H. , Mulla David J. , Dalzell Brent J. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThis article presents a modelling system for synthesising heterogeneous productivity and nutrient loading potentials inherent in agricultural cropland for policy use. Phosphorus abatement cost functions for cropland farmers in a southeastern Minnesota watershed are metamodelled using frontier analysis. These functions are used to evaluate policies aimed at reducing nonpoint phosphorus discharges into the Minnesota River. Results indicate an efficiently targeted policy to reduce phosphorus discharge by 40% would cost US$167,700 or 844 per farm.
Factors affecting entry and intensity in informal rental land markets in Southern Ethiopian highlands
Authors: Teklu Tesfaye , Lemi Adugna 
Published: August 2005

AbstractInformal land transactions, particularly rental land markets, are emerging in rural Ethiopia in response to the inadequacies of the administratively based land distribution system to meet the growing demand for land and correct imbalances in factor proportions at the farm level. These informal land markets provide a vehicle to equalise factor proportions at the farm level and to improve productivity and hence households' welfare. Among the farmers who lease out land, those who live in the highland‐areas, where land is scarce and unequal, are more likely to engage in these markets. Increases in the size of land holdings relative to labour and livestock ownership, the number of non‐working household members and pressure for subsistence increase the likelihood of leasing out land. On the other hand, increases in the number of working adults, improved nutritional status and greater wealth affect negatively the supply of land into these markets. The potential exists for these markets to improve factor equalisation, reduce inequality in land holdings, and shift the income position of participating households. However, success depends on whether other factor markets are functioning to thwart forced disposal of land to meet subsistence. Public policy has pivotal role in fostering the growth of these markets and their land transfer and factor equalisation functions by ensuring their legally enforceable status, and removing legal restrictions that constrain choices of contracts and trading over greater distances. In addition, both long and short‐term policy measures are needed to reduce the extent to which poor farmers engage in distress transactions.
The economic benefits of rabbit control in Australian temperate pastures by the introduction of rabbit haemorrhagic disease
Authors: Vere D.T. , Jones R.E. , Saunders Glen 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe European rabbit is present in most Australian environments and causes economic loss in agricultural systems by reducing production and imposing control costs on producers and governments. Research into rabbit control has recognised the need for reliable benefit‐cost analysis to justify inputs into rabbit management. This paper provides estimates of the costs of rabbits in Australian temperate pasture systems and of the long‐term benefits of reducing rabbits by the introduction of rabbit haemorrhagic disease (RHD). Rabbits impose annual costs on wool producers in the temperate pasture areas of between 7.1 and 38.7 million Australian dollars (mA$) depending on their density. Controlling rabbits by RHD has the potential to generate substantial long‐term economic benefits by reducing grazing competition with sheep. Reducing rabbit costs by 25% generated 15‐year net present values (NPVs) between 18.4 and 97.3 mA$ at various pre‐RHD rabbit densities. A 50% reduction in rabbit costs increased the total NPVs between 36.9 and 202.4 mA$, virtually all of which was captured by temperate area wool producers. The corresponding benefit‐cost ratios were between 2.9:1 and 16.2:1 for a 25% rabbit reduction and 5.9:1 and32.4:l for a 50% reduction, where the total costs of the RHD program in the temperate pasture areas were incurred by the wool industry. The analysis provides guidelines for the economic evaluation of other pest problems in agricultural production systems.
The Nottingham study of neurotic disorder: predictors of 12 year costs
Authors: Knerer G. , Byford S. , Johnson T. , Seivewright H. , Tyrer P. 
Published: August 2005

Objective: To examine the relationship between clinical, demographic and socio‐economic characteristics and the long‐term costs of a cohort of neurotic patients.Method: Analysis of the costs of a cohort of 210 people entered in the Nottingham study of neurotic disorders, a randomized controlled evaluation of five treatments for neurotic disorders. Service use data were collected at 5 and 12 years after study entry. Multiple regression analyses were conducted.Results: The total cost per patient over the 12‐year follow‐up period was calculated to be $11 940 (SD $15 520) (£7450, SD £9690). Higher costs were significantly associated with the presence of general neurotic syndrome, an initial diagnosis of dysthymia and a recurrent episode of illness.Conclusion: The total costs of care for a range of neurotic disorders are broadly comparable with other estimates of costs reported in the literature for similar populations. Those responsible for higher costs in the longer‐term have comorbid anxiety, depressive and personality disorders.
Does socioeconomic status affect the use of community‐based psychiatric services? A south Verona case register study
Authors: Tello J. E. , Mazzi M. , Tansella M. , Bonizzato P. , Jones J. , Amaddeo F. 
Published: August 2005

Objective:  To assess the effect of socioeconomic status (SES) on psychiatric service use in an Italian area with a well‐developed community‐based psychiatric service.Method:  An index of SES was calculated from nine census variables and grouped into four categories, ranging from SES‐I‐affluent to SES‐IV‐deprived, for each of 328 census blocks (CB). Fifteen indicators of psychiatric service use were collected using the psychiatric case register. All patients resident in the catchment area, who had at least one psychiatric contact in 1996 (n = 989), were included in the study.Results:  Indicators of in‐patient, day‐patient, out‐patient and community service use showed an inverse association with SES. Only first‐ever and long‐term psychotic patients were equally distributed in the four SES groups.Conclusion:  The inverse association between SES and most indicators of psychiatric service use suggests that the planning of community‐based services and resource allocation should take into account the SES of residents.
Cognitive‐behavioral group therapy for obsessive–compulsive disorder: a 1‐year follow‐up
Authors: Braga D. T. , Cordioli A. V. , Niederauer K. , Manfro G. G. 
Published: August 2005

Objective:  The aim of this study was to evaluate the results of cognitive‐behavioral group therapy (CBGT) for obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) over a 1‐year follow‐up period.Method:  Forty‐two OCD patients, who completed 12 sessions of CBGT, were followed for 1 year. Measures of the severity of symptoms were obtained at the end of the acute treatment and at 3, 6, and 12 months post‐treatment using the Yale‐Brown obsessive–compulsive scale (Y‐BOCS) and the clinical global impression (CGI).Results:  The reduction in the severity of symptoms observed at the end of the treatment was maintained during 1 year (F2,41 = 1.1; P = 0.342). Eleven patients (35.5%) relapsed in the follow‐up period. The intensity of improvement (log rank = 12.97, GL = 1, P = 0.0003) and full remission (log rank = 6.17; GL = 1; P = 0.001) were strong predictors for non‐relapsing.Conclusion:  The CBGT is an effective treatment for OCD and its results are maintained for 1 year. However, further long‐term randomized controlled trials are needed in order to confirm this finding.
Cognitive training of verbal memory using a dichotic listening paradigm: impact on symptoms and cognition
Authors: Fiszdon J. M. , Whelahan H. , Bryson G. J. , Wexler B. E. , Bell M. D. 
Published: August 2005

Objective:  The objective was to investigate the impact of a verbal memory training task on psychiatric symptoms and cognition in schizophrenia.Method:  As part of a larger, 6‐month cognitive remediation program, 57 patients with schizophrenia were randomly assigned to receive performance‐based, hierarchical training on a verbal memory task based on a dichotic listening (DL) with distracter paradigm. These patients were compared with 68 patients who had been randomly assigned to a control condition.Results:  Training on the DL task was not associated with changes in general psychopathology or auditory hallucinations (AH) specifically. Training was associated with improvements in verbal memory, but not attention.Conclusion:  The current investigation adds to the growing literature on the effectiveness of cognitive remediation training and indicates that training on the DL task enhances verbal episodic memory. The results do not support the use of DL training as a method for reducing AH.
Suicides and suicide ideation in the Bible: an empirical survey
Authors: Koch H. J. 
Published: August 2005

Objective:  The aim of this review is to summarize all data on suicidal behaviour reported in the Bible and to discuss basic implications for medical ethical positions.Method:  All books of the Jerusalem Bible, including the apocrypha accepted in the Catholic canon, were searched for all cases of suicide, attempted suicide and suicidal ideation clearly identifiable as such.Results:  The Bible including the apocrypha reports about 10 completed suicides and 11 cases of suicide attempt or ideation. The Bible considers human life as a divine gift but suicide per se is neither condemned nor approved. Those suffering from suicidal thoughts are treated with respect and support is offered.Conclusion:  Theological teaching on suicide was influenced for centuries by the biased negative opinion of the early fathers of the church and scholastic savants, but these opinions are not substantiated by a thorough reading of the Bible.
Atypical neuroleptic malignant syndrome caused by olanzapine
Authors: Nielsen J. , Bruhn A. M. 
Published: August 2005

Objective:  Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) is a rare syndrome with four main symptoms: rigidity, hyperthermia, altered mental status and autonomic instability. We report a patient with an atypical manifestation of NMS.Method:  A single case was reported.Results:  A patient with pneumonia developed delirium and was treated with olanzapine and developed a NMS with fluctuating hyperthermia and autonomic instability during a month. Only slight rigidity was present. Creatine kinase was not elevated. The patient was severely agitated and manic. After discontinuation of olanzapine the patient showed no psychopathology or hyperthermia.Conclusion:  NMS should be considered when patients treated with antipsychotics develop one or more symptoms of NMS.
Ecology and Distribution of Melastomataceae in African Rain Forest Inselbergs1
Authors: Parmentier Ingrid 
Published: August 2005

ABSTRACTThe ecology and distribution of thirty‐seven Melastomataceae species found on 29 inselbergs in the rain forest of Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, and Cameroon are described. The relative contributions of climatic determinism, and stochastic and historical processes to the present distribution of the species amongst the study sites are investigated. Inselbergs are rock outcrops enduring very harsh edaphic and microclimatic conditions, forming “xeric islands” in the rain forest, where natural grasslands develop. For each Melastomataceae species, the habitats where they were collected on the inselbergs and in other biotopes were listed, and their phytogeographical distribution was established. Three species are restricted to rock outcrops. Most species are distributed inside the Guineo‐Congolian Region. Three species have disjunct distributions on rain forest inselbergs and have their main distribution area outside the forested zone. The distribution of the species amongst the inselbergs is correlated to the altitude and the annual rainfall of the sites, and to inselberg geographical location. This correlation of the species distribution with the geographical location of the inselberg is attributed to the spatial autocorrelation of environmental variables and to the combined effects of the history of past vegetation changes due to climatic fluctuations and dispersal limitation.
Epiphyte Orchid Establishment on Termite Carton Trails1
Authors: Flores‐Palacios Alejandro , Ortiz‐Pulido Raúl 
Published: August 2005

ABSTRACTIn the coastal zone of central Veracruz, Mexico, we recorded the abundance of orchid plants growing on termite carton trails or directly on the peeling bark of Bursera fagaroides. Although only 19 percent of the surveyed trees contained termite carton trails, trees with termites hosted 92 percent of all orchid individuals. A disproportionate number of orchid seedlings occurred on termite cartons given the relative availability of carton and bark substrate. Our results show for the first time that orchids can establish on termite trails, and we discuss the potential for termite facilitation of orchid populations.
Nocturnal Fungi: Airborne Spores in the Canopy and Understory of a Tropical Rain Forest1
Authors: Gilbert Gregory S. , Reynolds Don R. 
Published: August 2005

ABSTRACTPathogens and other symbiotic fungi that infect above‐ground plant parts commonly disperse as airborne spores. Here we present diel patterns of the density of airborne fungal spores in the canopy and understory of a tropical rain forest. Spores were 52‐fold more abundant in the understory than in the canopy. Additionally, spores were 5‐ to 35‐fold more abundant at night than during the day, associated with environmental conditions conducive to germination and plant infection.
The Citreoline Trogon as an Ecosystem Engineer1
Authors: Valdivia‐Hoeflich Talía , Vega Rivera Jorge H. , Stoner Kathryn E. 
Published: August 2005

ABSTRACTThe western Mexican endemic Citreoline Trogon (Trogon citreolus) builds its nest cavities in arboreal termitaria. We studied the reuse of these holes by other organisms after the trogons abandoned them in the tropical dry forest of western Mexico. Of the 24 cavities examined, 19 were occupied (5 by mammals and 14 by arthropods). We found two western Mexico endemic mammals (Marmosa canescens and Xenomys nelsoni) using these spaces. Our results suggest that the T. citreolus provides a critical role in creating necessary cavities for many organisms in tropical dry forests.
ASSESSMENT OF RIPENESS/DAMAGE IN BANANA (MUSA PARADISIACAL) BY ACOUSTIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY
Authors: JAGANNATH J.H. , DAS GUPTA D.K. , BAWA A.S. , SEBASTIN R. , VISHNU B. 
Published: August 2005

ABSTRACT Acoustic resonance spectroscopy was used to assess ripeness of bananas at various stages of maturity. Two distinctly different varieties of bananas were selected for the study. Bananas were also bruised, and an acoustic response spectrum was taken before and after bruising. A dynamic impact force was applied to the base over which the fruit was kept horizontally with the help of a coupling agent. The output response was picked up by a hydrophone coupled, in turn to the base to the top (vertically opposite) of the fruit coupled. The signal was analyzed using Fast Fourier Transform. Response resonance frequencies decreased while damping ratio increased as the fruit ripened. Bruising of fruits resulted in decreased resonance frequency due to tissue damage. The values of resonance frequency and damping ratio could be correlated to the color changes due to ripeness of fruits as a result of either increased rates of respiration or external damage of tissue from mechanical or temperature abuse.
CENTRIFUGAL YIELD AND FURTHER MICROSCOPIC CHARACTERIZATION OF SEA BUCKTHORN JUICE PRODUCTS
Authors: BEVERIDGE T.H.J. , HARRISON J.E. 
Published: August 2005

ABSTRACT Yields of press juice for Hippophae rhamnoides ssp. sinensis and ssp. mongolica cv. Indian Summer were 69.2% and 62.8%, respectively. Centrifugation of the press juices at 4C, 4480 × g for 15 min provided yields of cream, serum and pellet of 1.72, 95.6 and 0.68% for ssp. sinensis, and 5.4, 92.3 and 0.32% for ssp. mongolica cv. Indian Summer. All percentages are percentage (w/w). The particulate of each juice was characterized microscopically and the particulate of cv. Indian Summer was much larger than that of ssp. sinensis. Much more oil was apparent microscopically in the cv. Indian Summer cream as expected from the yield data mentioned above. Pellet material was not distinguishable between the two ssp. Trichomes were visualized in greater detail, a particular particle that may be exclusive to cv. Indian Summer was described and the presence of crystalline material in aggregated particles was observed.
INFLUENCE OF 1‐METHYLCYCLOPROPENE AND NATURESEAL ON THE QUALITY OF FRESH‐CUT “EMPIRE” AND “CRISPIN” APPLES
Authors: RUPASINGHE H.P. VASANTHA , MURR DENNIS P. , DeELL JENNIFER R. , ODUMERU JOSEPH 
Published: August 2005

ABSTRACTWounding during processing triggers physiological reactions that limits shelf life of fresh‐cut apples. Exposure of “Empire” and “Crispin” apples at harvest to the ethylene antagonist, 1‐methylcyclopropene (1‐MCP), on the maintenance of fresh‐cut quality was evaluated in combination with post‐cut dipping of NatureSealTMEfficacy of 1‐MCP on fresh‐cut physiology and quality depended on the storage duration and apple cultivar. Ethylene production of apple slices was inhibited by 1‐MCP but not by NatureSeal. Total volatiles produced by fresh‐cut apples were not affected by NatureSeal but by 1‐MCP when 1‐month stored “Crispin” apples were used. 1‐MCP influenced the quality attributes of fresh‐cut slices prepared from apples stored either 4 months in cold storage or 6 months in controlled atmosphere. Enzymatic browning and softening of the cut‐surface, TSS and total microbial growth were suppressed by 1‐MCP in “Empire” apples. The influence of 1‐MCP on quality attributes in “Crispin” apple slices was marginal.
Tetracycline-Inducible Gene Expression and Gene Deletion in
Candida albicans
Authors: Park Yang-Nim , Morschhäuser Joachim 
Published: August 2005

ABSTRACT

The genetic analysis of
Candida albicans
, the major fungal pathogen of humans, is hampered by its diploid genome, the absence of a normal sexual cycle, and a nonstandard codon usage. Although effective methods to study gene function have been developed in the past years, systems to control gene expression in
C. albicans
are limited. We have established a system that allows induction of gene expression in
C. albicans
by the addition of tetracycline (Tet). By fusing genetically modified versions of the reverse Tet repressor from
Escherichia coli
and the transcription activation domain of the Gal4 protein from
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
, a
C. albicans
-adapted reverse Tet-dependent transactivator (rtTA) was created that was expressed from the constitutive
ADH1
or the opaque-specific
OP4
promoter. To monitor Tet-inducible gene expression, the
caGFP
reporter gene was placed under the control of a Tet-dependent promoter, obtained by fusing a minimal promoter from
C. albicans
to seven copies of the Tet operator sequence. Fluorescence of the cells demonstrated that gene expression could be efficiently induced by the addition of doxycycline in yeast, hyphal, and opaque cells of
C. albicans
. The Tet-inducible gene expression system was then used to manipulate the behavior of the various growth forms of
C. albicans
. Tet-induced expression of a dominant-negative
CDC42
allele resulted in growth arrest as large, multinucleate cells. Filamentous growth was efficiently inhibited under all tested hyphal-growth-promoting conditions by Tet-inducible expression of the
NRG1
repressor. Tet-induced expression of the
MTL
a
1
gene in opaque cells of an
MTL
α strain forced the cells to switch to the white phase, whereas Tet-induced expression of the
MTL
a
2
transcription factor induced shmooing. When the
ecaFLP
gene, encoding the site-specific recombinase FLP, was placed under the control of the Tet-dependent promoter, Tet-inducible deletion of genes which were flanked by the FLP target sequences was achieved with high efficiency to generate conditional null mutants. In combination with the dominant selection marker
caSAT1
, the Tet-inducible gene expression system was also applied in
C. albicans
wild-type strains, including drug-resistant clinical isolates that overexpressed the
MDR1
,
CDR1
, and
CDR2
multidrug efflux pumps. This system, therefore, allows a growth medium-independent, Tet-inducible expression and deletion of genes in
C. albicans
and provides a convenient, versatile new tool to study gene function and manipulate cellular behavior in this model pathogenic fungus.
Polarized Morphogenesis Regulator Spa2 Is Required for the Function of Putative Stretch-Activated Ca
2+
-Permeable Channel Component Mid1 in
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Noma Shigeko , Iida Kazuko , Iida Hidetoshi 
Published: August 2005

ABSTRACT

Mid1 is a putative stretch-activated Ca
2+
channel component and is required for the maintenance of viability in the mating process. In response to mating pheromone, the
mid1
mutant normally forms a pointed mating projection but eventually dies. This phenotype is called the mid phenotype. To identify a protein regulating Mid1 or regulated by Mid1, we isolated a multicopy suppressor that rescues the
mid1
-
1
mutant from mating pheromone-induced death and found that it encodes a truncated Spa2 protein lacking an amino-terminal region responsible for interaction with components of the mitogen-activated protein kinase cascades. One of these
SPA2
alleles was
SPA2
Δ
N
, whose product lacked the region from Ser
5
to Leu
230
.
SPA2
Δ
N
on a multicopy plasmid (YEpSPA2ΔN) complemented the mid phenotype but not another phenotype, low Ca
2+
accumulation, of the
mid1
-
1
mutant. Neither
SPA2
Δ
N
on a low-copy plasmid nor wild-type
SPA2
on a multicopy plasmid had suppressive activity. The
SPA2
gene is involved in the formation of a pointed mating projection, and cells of the
spa2
Δ mutant lacking Spa2 are viable and develop a peanut shell-like structure when exposed to mating pheromone. Like the
spa2
Δ mutant, the
mid1
-
1 spa2
Δ double mutant and the
mid1
-
1/
YEpSPA2ΔN strain developed the peanut shell-like structure. The
mid1
-
1 spa2
Δ double mutant did not have the mid phenotype, indicating that
SPA2
is epistatic to
MID1
. Overexpression of Spa2ΔN abolished the localization of Spa2-green fluorescent protein to the tip of the mating projection. These results suggest that the Spa2ΔN protein interferes with the localization of the normal Spa2 protein and thereby prevents cells from entering the mating process. Therefore, we suggest that Mid1 function is influenced by Spa2 function through polarized morphogenesis.