bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structure and release function of fragrance glands
Authors: Chen Yunyi , Jiang Ziying , Wu Sihui , Cheng Bixuan , Zhou Lijun , Liu Tinghan , Yu Chao 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Volatile compounds serve physiological, signaling, and defensive purposes in plants and have beneficial effects on the growth, reproduction, resistance, and yield of horticultural plants. They are released through fragrance glands and become gasses by passing through the plasma membrane, cell walls that contain water, and cuticle. Transporter proteins facilitate their transport and reduce the resistance of these barriers. They also regulate the rate of release and concentration of volatiles inside and outside of the membrane. However, there has been no summary of the structure and function of the fragrance glands of horticultural plants, as well as an introduction to the latest research progress on the mechanism of the transport of volatiles. This review focuses on the structure and function of the release of aromas in horticultural plants and explores the mechanism of the release of volatiles through a transporter model. Additionally, it considers the factors that affect their release and ecological functions and suggests directions for future research.
Do patients with ischaemic cardiomyopathy benefit from off-pump coronary bypass surgery? (from the krok registry)
Authors: Kosiorowska Kinga , Jasiński Marek , Przybylski Roman , Deja Marek , Rogowski Jan , Gerber Witold , Pacholewicz Jerzy , Cichoń Romuald , Cisowski Marek , Pawliszak Wojciech , Bugajski Paweł , Krejca Michał , Hirnle Tomasz , Perek Bartłomiej , Tobota Zdzisław , Maruszewski Bohdan , Hrapkowicz Tomasz ,   On Behalf Of KROK Investigators
Published: January 2025

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
This study aimed to compare perioperative outcomes and long-term mortality between off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting and on-pump coronary artery bypass grafting in patients with ischaemic cardiomyopathy who had a left ventricle ejection fraction of ≤ 35%.

METHODS
A retrospective cohort analysis was conducted using data from the Polish National Registry of Cardiac Surgery Procedures (KROK) database, encompassing patients who underwent isolated coronary artery bypass grafting in Poland between 2012 and 2022. Patients were divided into two groups: on-pump and off-pump. Propensity score matching was used to balance the groups. The primary outcome was long-term all-cause mortality following surgical revascularization.

RESULTS
A total of 9,920 patients were included, with 3,116 patients in each group after propensity score matching. The median follow-up period was 4 years. The off-pump group was associated with a lower 30-day mortality rate (6.4% vs 9.1%, p = 0.002) and fewer perioperative complications. However, long-term survival analysis revealed a modest but statistically significant advantage for on-pump group at the 10-year follow-up (p = 0.047).

CONCLUSIONS
Off-pump provides short-term benefits, including reduced early mortality and fewer complications compared to on-pump technique. However, these advantages do not translate into improved long-term survival, where on-pump demonstrates a slight benefit. The choice between off-pump and on-pump technique should be individualized based on patient-specific factors and surgical expertise.
Operator Systems Generated by Projections
Authors: Araiza Roy , Russell Travis 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We construct a family of operator systems and $k$-AOU spaces generated by a finite number of projections satisfying a set of linear relations. This family is universal in the sense that the map sending the generating projections to any other set of projections which satisfy the same relations is completely positive. These operator systems are constructed as inductive limits of explicitly defined operator systems. By choosing the linear relations to be the nonsignalling relations from quantum correlation theory, we obtain a hierarchy of ordered vector spaces dual to the hierarchy of quantum correlation sets. By considering another set of relations, we also find a new necessary condition for the existence of SIC-POVM’s.
Controlled Human Infection Studies Accelerate Vaccine Development
Authors: Laurens Matthew B 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Clinical trials that use human challenge, also known as controlled human infection models (CHIMs), have rapidly advanced vaccine development for multiple pathogens, including at least 30 disease models to date. CHIM studies, championed by networks of researchers, regulators, ethicists, technical experts, and other stakeholders, limit exposure of individuals to an investigational product, de-risk product investments, identify correlates of protection, and, most importantly, provide a prompt readout of vaccine efficacy. While CHIM studies provide multiple advantages, important challenges exist, including strengthening the relevance and comparability of CHIM study results to efficacy trials in endemic areas, particularly in resource-limited settings.
Breed and trace mineral source influence the performance of beef heifers during periods of nutrient restriction and grazing forage at early vegetative stage
Authors: Souza Isabella R T , Moriel Philipe , dos Santos Taynara C , de Miranda André V , Monar Gabriel R R , Rezende Maria E , Augusto Karolina V Z , Porcionato Marco A F , Sanz-Fernandez M Victoria , Souza Izadora S , Mackey Shea J , Cooke Reinaldo F , Vendramini J M B , Araujo Davi B , Vasconcelos José L M 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We evaluated the effects of breed and mineral source on heifer performance during periods of nutrient restriction and grazing. On day -7, ½ Angus × ½ Nelore (ANE) and Nelore (NE) heifers (12 heifers per breed; body weight, BW = 264 ± 35 kg; age = 15 ± 1 mo) were assigned to individual drylot pens to receive ad libitum Tifton 85 (Cynodon sp.) hay and white salt for 7 days. On day 0, within each breed, heifers were randomly assigned (2 × 2 factorial arrangement) to receive protein supplementation (0.20% of BW; dry matter, DM) added with sulfate (SUL) or hydroxychloride (HYD) sources of Cu, Mn, and Zn from day 0 to 49. From day 0 to 34, hay DM intake was restricted to 50% of the ad libitum intake recorded from day -7 to -1. On day 35, heifers were transferred to individual pastures to graze Tifton 85 forage at early vegetative stage until day 49. No effects of breed × mineral source × day and breed × mineral source were detected (P ≥ 0.11). Nelore heifers had greater (P ≤ 0.02) average daily gain (ADG) from day 0 to 35 and day 0 to 49 compared to ANE heifers. Cumulative diarrhea incidence, fecal pH and total days of diarrhea symptoms did not differ (P ≥ 0.19) between breeds. Nelore heifers had greater (P ≤ 0.05) serum concentrations of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) from day 35 to 45 but had less (P ≤ 0.05) serum concentrations of cortisol and haptoglobin on day 42 and 45, respectively. Serum concentrations of urea N were greater (P ≤ 0.05) for NE vs. ANE heifers on days 0 and 42 and were less (P ≤ 0.05) for NE vs. ANE on days 38, 45 and 49. Heifers supplemented with HYD had (P ≤ 0.05) greater ADG from day 0 to 35, lower cumulative diarrhea incidence and percentage of heifers exhibiting ≥ 2 days of diarrhea from day 36 to 49, less serum concentrations of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) on day 35, and less serum concentrations of NEFA, cortisol and urea N on day 38 compared to SUL heifers. In summary, breed influenced serum concentrations of haptoglobin, cortisol, urea N, insulin and IGF-1, and the growth of beef heifers during nutrient restriction, but did not impact growth and incidence of diarrhea during periods of grazing forage at early vegetative stage. Regardless of breed, replacing sulfate with hydroxychloride sources of Cu, Mn, and Zn led to minimal reductions on serum concentrations of NEFA, cortisol and urea N, enhanced growth during nutrient restriction, and reduced diarrhea incidence during grazing of early vegetative forage.
Comparative population genomics unveils congruent secondary suture zone in Southwest Pacific Hydrothermal Vents
Authors: Tran Lu Y Adrien , Ruault Stéphanie , Daguin-Thiébaut Claire , Le Port Anne-Sophie , Ballenghien Marion , Castel Jade , Gagnaire Pierre-Alexandre , Bierne Nicolas , Arnaud-Haond Sophie , Poitrimol Camille , Thiébaut Eric , Lallier François H , Broquet Thomas , Jollivet Didier , Bonhomme François , Hourdez Stéphane 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
How the interplay of biotic and abiotic factors shapes current genetic diversity at the community level remains an open question, particularly in the deep sea. Comparative phylogeography of multiple species can reveal the influence of past climatic events, geographic barriers, and species life history traits on spatial patterns of genetic structure across lineages.
To shed light on the factors that shape community-level genetic variation and to improve our understanding of deep-sea biogeographic patterns, we conducted a comparative population genomics study on seven hydrothermal vent species co-distributed in the Back-Arc Basins (BABs) of the Southwest Pacific region. Using ddRAD-seq, we compared the range-wide distribution of genomic diversity across species and discovered a shared phylogeographic break. Demogenetic inference revealed shared histories of lineage divergence and a secondary contact. Low levels of asymmetric gene flow probably occurred in most species between the Woodlark and North Fiji basins, but the exact location of contact zones varied from species to species. For two species, we found individuals from the two lineages co-occurring in sympatry in Woodlark Basin. Although species exhibit congruent patterns of spatial structure (Eastern vs Western sites), they also show variation in the degree of divergence among lineages across the suture zone. Our results also show heterogeneous gene flow across the genome, indicating possible partial reproductive isolation between lineages and early speciation.
Our comparative study highlights the pivotal role of historical and contemporary factors, underscoring the need for a comprehensive approach—especially in addressing knowledge gaps on the life history traits of deep-sea species.
Selection of initiator tRNA and start codon by mammalian mitochondrial initiation factor 3 in leaderless mRNA translation
Authors: Lee Muhoon , Wakigawa Taisei , Jia Qimin , Liu Chang , Huang Ruiyuan , Huang Shuai , Nagao Asuteka , Suzuki Tsutomu , Tomita Kozo , Iwasaki Shintaro , Takeuchi-Tomita Nono 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The mammalian mitochondrial protein synthesis system produces 13 essential subunits of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) complexes. Translation initiation in mammalian mitochondria is characterized by the use of leaderless messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and non-AUG start codons, where the proofreading function of IF-3mt still remains elusive. Here, we developed a reconstituted mammalian mitochondrial translation system using in vitro transcribed and native mitochondrial transfer RNAs (tRNAs) to investigate IF-3mt’s proofreading function. Similar to bacterial IF-3, IF-3mt permits an initiator tRNA to participate in initiation by discriminating the three G–C pairs in its anticodon stem, and by the cognate interactions of its anticodon with the AUG start codon. As a result, IF-3mt promotes the accurate initiation of leaderless mRNAs. Nevertheless, IF-3mt can also facilitate initiation from the non-AUG(AUA) start codon through its unique N- and C-terminal extensions, in concert with the 5-methylcytidine (m5C) or 5-formylcytidine (f5C) modification at the anticodon wobble position of mt-tRNAMet. This is partly because the IF-3mt-specific N- and C-terminal extensions and the KKGK-motif favor leaderless mRNA initiation and relax non-AUG start codon discrimination. Analyses of IF-3mt-depleted human cells revealed that IF-3mt indeed participates in translating the open reading frames (ORFs) of leaderless mRNAs, as well as the internal ORFs of dicistronic mRNAs.
The ortholog of human DNAJC9 promotes histone H3–H4 degradation and is counteracted by Asf1 in fission yeast
Authors: Ding Yan , Li Jun , Jiang He-Li , Suo Fang , Shao Guang-Can , Zhang Xiao-Ran , Dong Meng-Qiu , Liu Chao-Pei , Xu Rui-Ming , Du Li-Lin 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Mammalian J-domain protein DNAJC9 interacts with histones H3–H4 and is important for cell proliferation. However, its exact function remains unclear. Here, we show that, in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, loss of Djc9, the ortholog of DNAJC9, renders the histone chaperone Asf1 no longer essential for growth. Utilizing AlphaFold-based structural prediction, we identified a histone-binding surface on Djc9 that binds to helix α3 of H3 in a manner that precludes simultaneous helix α3-binding by Asf1. Djc9 and Asf1 indeed compete for binding to the H3–H4 dimer in vitro, and an H3-α3 mutation impeding Djc9 binding also renders Asf1 non-essential, indicating that the role of Asf1 needed for growth in fission yeast is to prevent histone binding by Djc9. In the absence of Asf1, cell growth is hindered due to unrestrained Djc9-mediated downregulation of H3 and H4. In the presence of Asf1, Djc9 confers resistance to the DNA replication inhibitor hydroxyurea and dominant negative disease-related histone mutants by promoting the degradation of superfluous or dysfunctional histones. Our findings provide new insights into the function and mechanism of this conserved histone-binding protein.
The Promotion of Oral Nicotine Pouches for Non-Smoking Cessation Purposes on TikTok
Authors: Zenone Marco , Harries Bethan , Hartwell Greg 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Introduction
Oral nicotine pouches (ONPs) are increasingly prevalent among young people and feature widely within social media content. This study systematically analyzes the most viewed videos on TikTok relating to ZYN (the most popular ONP, manufactured by a subsidiary of Philip Morris International) to understand their content sentiment and patterns, as well as the demographics and potential commercial biases of their creators.

Methods
We used an Apify scraper in July 2024 to collect URLs and metadata for the top 100 most viewed videos on TikTok under the #ZYN hashtag. Profiles of content creators, plus their externally linked sites, were examined for commercial connections to ONP entities. We then undertook an inductive manifest content analysis.

Results
The top 100 TikTok videos identified garnered over 400 million views and over 3.8 million shares. 10.3% (n=9) of content creators had an external link to a website which sold ONPs. Videos predominantly indicated positive sentiment towards ZYN products or other ONPs (79%), and portrayed young men enthusing about the products, often employing humour. ZYN products featured directly in 71% of videos. Few videos contained disclaimers or warnings about potential risks of ONPs and only 5% portrayed ZYN as a vaping or smoking cessation tool.

Discussion
Our findings suggest the most widely viewed content relating to ZYN on TikTok is overwhelmingly positive in sentiment, commonly featuring young men and often portraying ONP use in a humorous context, minimising risks. Many content creators actively sell ONP products through TikTok, some overtly and some via external links.

IMPLICATIONS
ZYN oral nicotine pouches are presented positively and primarily for recreational purposes on TikTok. Few videos referenced ZYN for smoking cessation purposes or mentioned the risks of nicotine. Nearly 10% of the creators linked their profile to an external website selling oral nicotine pouches, which appears inconsistent with TikTok’s policies. The use of humour and downplaying or omission of addiction and health risks across most of the sample echoes marketing efforts by the tobacco industry to present oral nicotine pouches as fun and safe.
380. Implementation of Pooled Saliva Tests for Universal Screening of Congenital Cytomegalovirus (cCMV) Infection: Lessons Derived Over a 25-Months Period
Authors: Oiknine-Djian Esther , Eventov Friedman Smadar , Ofek Shlomai Noa , Yassour Moran , Wolf Dana 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
cCMV infection is the most common intrauterine infection, leading to infant neurodevelopmental disabilities and hearing loss, which can manifest at birth or develop later during childhood. Currently, targeted screening of cCMV by PCR testing of saliva samples is employed in many centers. However, targeted screening of high-risk neonates misses the majority of infants with cCMV who are asymptomatic at birth, yet are at risk for late-onset sequelae. Thus, universal newborn screening of cCMV has been increasingly advocated. In the absence of a high-throughput screening test that can identify all infected neonates, the development of an accurate and efficient testing strategy for universal cCMV screening has remained an ongoing challenge. We have recently reported on the development of a new saliva pooling setup for universal screening of cCMV (Nature Medicine 2024). Here we report on lessons derived over a 25-months period of its routine implementation.

Methods
This prospective study took place in 2 hospitals of Jerusalem from April 2022 through April 2024. Saliva samples of all newborns with parental consent were tested for cCMV in 8-sample pools. Positive saliva results were confirmed by urine testing.

Results
During the study period, 32,413 infants (94.4% of all live newborns) were screened for cCMV using the pooled approach. The pooling strategy proved highly efficient, with each PCR test covering an average of 6 newborns during the first 13 months of the study, thus reducing the number of required saliva tests by 83%. PCR loss of sensitivity was minor, in accordance with the theoretical prediction for an 8-sample pool. cCMV was identified in 123 newborns, with a birth prevalence of 3.8 per 1000. Over half (57.7%) of infants with cCMV identified by universal screening were asymptomatic at birth and would have been missed by targeted screening.

Conclusion
The study demonstrates the wide feasibility and benefits of pooled-saliva cCMV testing as an accurate and cost-sparing approach, which could revolutionise the implementation of universal cCMV screening. Beyond the clinical implications toward early diagnosis, monitoring and treatment of cCMV, data derived from the implemented universal screening will serve to define the burden, risk factors, and long-term clinical outcomes of cCMV.

Disclosures
Dana Wolf, MD, GSK: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Grant/Research Support|Moderna: Grant/Research Support|MSD: Advisor/Consultant|Takeda: Advisor/Consultant
90. Impact of anti-CD20 therapy on COVID-19 in immunocompromised patients: A nationwide cohort study in Korea
Authors: Mi Lee Chan , Kim Suhyun , Kim Seungyeon , Bae Jiyeon , Jae Jo Hyeon , Kyung Kang Chang , Gyun Choe Pyoeng , Beom Park Wan , Joong Kim Nam 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, we observed that patients received anti-CD20 therapy progressed to severe pneumonia and underwent persistent viral shedding. We aimed to identify the association between anti-CD20 therapy and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, as well as the outcomes of COVID-19.

Methods
Using claims data derived from the Korean National Health Insurance Service, we conducted a matched nationwide retrospective cohort study. We included individuals aged ≥ 20 years diagnosed with conditions for which anti-CD20 therapy could be considered from January 2020 to December 2021. We defined the exposure variable by prescribing rituximab (RTX) at least once according to the database. COVID-19-related outcomes included hospitalization for COVID-19, ICU admission, mechanical ventilation administration, and all-case death. Patients prescribed RTX and those not prescribed RTX were defined as RTX users and non-users, respectively. The RTX users and non-users were 1:10 propensity score matched using sex, age, insurance type, and comorbidities. Logistic regression analyses were used to estimate the association between RTX and SARS-CoV-2 infection, as well as COVID-19-related outcomes.

Results
After 1:10 propensity score matching, 932 RTX users and 8,361 RTX non-users were analyzed. The proportion of vaccinated individuals was significantly lower in RTX users than in RTX non-users (69.3% vs. 90.9%; P &lt; 0.001). RTX use was associated with an increased risk of all-case death (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.85, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.39–2.46, P &lt; 0.001). In the subgroup analysis for vaccinated individuals, the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection was significantly greater for RTX users compared to non-users (aOR 2.48, 95% CI 1.02–6.04, P = 0.045), and RTX use was also associated with a significantly increased risk of hospitalization (aOR 3.79, 95% CI 1.28–11.23, P = 0.016) and all-case death (aOR 3.85, 95% CI 2.54–5.84, P &lt; 0.001).

Conclusion
The use of RTX was associated with an increased risk of all-cause death in immunocompromised patients. Among vaccinated individuals, RTX users were at an increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection, as well as an increased risk for hospitalization of COVID-19 and all-cause death.

Disclosures
All Authors: No reported disclosures
173. Identifying Opportunities for Urine Culture Diagnostic Stewardship in a Pediatric Health System
Authors: Yoon Hee-won , Meyahnwi Didien , Chiotos Kathleen , Dunn Michelle , Green Rebecca , Ku Brandon , Mutucumarana Charmaine , Overland Maya , Polsky Tracey , Gwyneth Sharer , Smith Kenneth , Swami Sanjeev K , Same Rebecca 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Reflex urine cultures based on urinalysis (UA) parameters are commonly used to avoid excess urine cultures and reduce treatment of asymptomatic bacteriuria in adults. Reflex testing is less common in pediatrics and optimal UA parameters in children are unknown. We aimed to evaluate performance of laboratory and point of care (POC) UA for prediction of significant bacteriuria in children.

Methods
We performed a retrospective cohort study of all urine cultures performed in the emergency departments and inpatient units of two hospitals within a tertiary care children’s health system between January 2023 and March 2024. We identified core laboratory-performed UAs (macroscopic UA with reflex to microscopic UA for presence of blood, leukocyte esterase (LE), nitrite, or protein) and POC UAs performed within 48 hours of each culture to characterize diagnostic practices. We defined a negative culture as &lt; 50,000 CFU/mL of bacteria or results consistent with contamination. Limiting analysis to UAs performed within 24 hours of a culture, we then determined the performance characteristics of POC and lab UA parameters for prediction of significant bacteriuria, using a threshold of ≥ 50,000 CFU/mL and ≥ 100,000 CFU/mL.

Results
There were a total of 10,115 urine cultures performed in 7,152 children (Table 1). There were 8,638 (85%) negative cultures. No UA was done in 2,019 (20%). Of cultures with a UA, 8,021 (99%) were done within 24 hours. Of 6,856 cultures with a lab UA, 4,828 (70%) had &lt; 5 WBCs/hpf or no WBC reported due to negative macroscopic UA. Of these, 4,608 (95%) cultures were negative. At least 5 WBCs/hpf had a sensitivity of 86%, specificity of 55%, and negative predictive value (NPV) of 93.5% for growth of ≥ 50,000 CFU/mL in culture (Table 2). POC UA LE had similar sensitivity but lower specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and NPV compared to lab UA. POC UA nitrite had higher sensitivity and similar specificity, PPV, and NPV compared to lab UA (Table 3).

Conclusion
Over 10,000 urine cultures were sent in a 15-month period. Pyuria had a high NPV for significant bacteriuria. Because 70% of lab UAs do not have pyuria, implementation of a reflex urine culture could eliminate many unnecessary urine cultures without significantly compromising detection of bacteriuria.

Disclosures
All Authors: No reported disclosures