bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Concerto In C, K. 467
Authors: Hutchings Arthur 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Letter of Leopold Mozart, 14 January 1786: ‘Indeed the new concerto is astonishingly difficult. But I very much doubt whether there are any mistakes, as the copyist has checked it. Several passages simply do not harmonise unless one hears all the instruments playing together.’ Since K. 467 was written four weeks after K. 466, there is no biographical material to add to that which concerns the former concerto.
Concerto In C, K. 503
Authors: Hutchings Arthur 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Each concert season since Mozart’s removal to Vienna brought its concertos; K. 503 is the twelfth of the mature series. It is also a kind of summit among the fourteen, for though they show no decline in mastery, with the exceptional poor movement which, unfortunately, may crop up anywhere with Mozart, they are less ambitious than K. 503; but the chief reason for this view is that, after K. 503, con certos were no longer composed steadily for the winter concerts. The year 1786 had seen the birth of three concertos, as had its predecessor. From K. 503 to the ‘Coronation’ D major Concerto, written in a style which would show its ‘occasional’ purpose did we not know of it from external evidence, there is an interval of a year and a quarter, and from the D major to the last concerto, in B flat, the interval is of three years. Thus K. 503 marks the end of Mozart’s period of ‘stardom’ as Vienna’s performer-composer.
Concerto In B Flat, K. 595
Authors: Hutchings Arthur 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This concerto is the first work whose completion dates from the year of its composer’s death; in 1791 it occupies a similar position to that of the D major Concerto in 1788. Mozart’s chief works during his last years are as follows: 1788. D major Concerto, the three great Symphonies, E flat, G minor, and C, waltzes and other dances for the imperial court to which he was now chamber musician, orchestrations of Handel’s oratorios for Van Swieten.
The English Novel 1770–1829: A Bibliographical Survey of Prose Fiction Published in the British Isles
Authors: Raven James , Forster Antonia , Bending Stephen 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This historical bibliography provides an entirely new foundation for the literary history of the late eighteenth century and the Romantic age. Offering a fresh assessment of the work of all novelists of the period, the two volumes address problems faced by generations of literary scholars and historians concerned with the development of the English novel. This first volume records full details of all known prose novels in English first published in the British Isles in the final three decades of the eighteenth century. They include many new discoveries, attributions to an extraordinary range of novelists and the first English translations of much Continental popular fiction. The bibliography firmly establishes publication details for many novels now apparently without any extant copies. A leading feature of the bibliography is its examination of a copy of every identified surviving novel. Research by James Raven, Antonia Forster, and many other international collaborators, has allowed a reconstruction of the full cast of British novelists of the period, their publishers and reviewers. A full transcription of titles and imprint lines is given, together with much other bibliographical and historical information, including contemporary reviews (with generous quotation), dedications, and pricing and printing details. Shelf-mark, microform and other library references assist readers to consult the surviving novels in modern library and research collections all over the world. In an introductory historical essay, James Raven considers the different themes embraced by the novel, profiles of popular authorship, translation, the economics and circumstances of novel production and design, and the scope of literary circulation and reception. By revisiting this history of the novel, identifying rare books now scattered across the world, and reconstructing the history of popular literature now lost, the volume challenges existing literary canons and refines our understanding of the range of imaginative writing and authorship in a critical period of English literature.
An Historical Bibliography of Prose Novels in English First Published in the British Isles 1800-1829
Authors: Garside Peter , öwerling Rainer Sch , Skelton-Foord Christopher , ünsche Karin W 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
London:Printed for the Authour,at the Minerva-Press,by William Lane,Leadenhall-Street,1800.[251p;II 269p,12mo,7s(Bent03).covery:CME 3-628-47869-3;ESTC t129873(B[ BL;NA CaAEU,MH-H).Notes.List of subcribers(8 pp.unn.)at beginning of vol. 1. including c.145 names.
Samuel Johnson: Dead Met Aphors And ‘Impending Death’
Authors: Ricks Christopher 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
It has itself become something of a clichê that Johnson’s best poetry finds its force in a renovation of cliché. The excellent criticism of T. S. Eliot and F. R. Leavisl was developed by Donald Davie in Purity of Diction in English Verse (1952), which showed that the metaphorical life in the poems of Johnson is often a matter of invigorating dead or flat metaphor, of using clichês so that their pristine force is recreated or so that they are seen in a new perspective. In The Vanity of Human Wishes, the defeated Xerxes ‘gains’ the sea——and that is all he does gain, the clichê sardonically intimates. In London, ‘Greenwich smiles upon the silver Flood’, not simply because this is a pastoral moment of ‘transient calm’, but because silver grimly refuses to stay put as just a pastoral word—in London ‘smiles are sold’. Such a use of metaphor is a corollary of Johnson’s convictions about life and literature. ‘What is new is opposed, because most are unwilling to be taught; and what is known is rejected, because it is not sufficiently considered, that men more fre quently require to be reminded than informed’ (The Rambler, No. 2, 24 March 1750). If this begins by recognising the role of those who proclaim the new, its ‘tonclusion reveals that Johnson’s own heart was more in the latter duty, of ‘reminding’ men.
William Wordsworth 2: ‘A Sinking Inward Into Ourselves From Thought To Thought’
Authors: Ricks Christopher 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
‘He has no style.’ It would be a mistake simply to identify the nineteenth—century Wordsworth with Matthew Arnold’s Wordsworth, but Arnold did succeed in limning the poet with intense recognisability. Twentieth—century criticism has mostly been better at engaging with one half of Arnold’s Wordsworth than with the other. There has been a challenge to one aspect of Arnold’s subtle abnegation: ‘The Wordsworthians are apt to praise him for the wrong things, and to lay far too much stress upon what they call his philosophy.’ The academic study of English literature has since seen to it that there are even more Wordsworthians; the best of them have convincingly vindicated ‘what they call his philosophy’. But the other half of Ar nold’s Wordsworth has proved less amenable. ‘Wordsworth’s poetry, when he is at his best, is inevitable, as inevitable as Nature herself. It might seem that Nature not only gave him the matter for his poem, but wrote his poem for him. He has no style.’
Thomas Lovell Beddoes: ‘A Dying Start’
Authors: Ricks Christopher 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In 184—9 poison achieved what the razor had failed to achieve the year before. Thomas Lovell Beddoes succeeded in killing himself. Failure seemed to have become what Beddoes was best at. True, he had started out a success: he published his first book of poems, The Improvisatore, in 1821 when still a freshman at Oxford, and a year later The Brides’ Tragedy appeared to wide applause. But life withered. He published little else. His most passionately idiosyncratic enterprise, Death’s Jest—Book, which he had drafted by 1829, was never published during his life time, partly because the friends to whom he sent it paltered and doubted. Self—exiled to Germany, where he went to study medicine, Beddoes had neither the amateur fame of a poet nor the professional achievement of a scientist.
Geoffrey Hill 2: At-One-Ment
Authors: Ricks Christopher 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The poems of Tenebrae (1978), like Geoffrey Hill’s version of Brand (1978), put up a profound resistance to a central tenet of Hill’s inaugural lecture, ‘Poetry as ‘‘Menace’’ and ‘‘ Atone-ment”‘ (also 1978).1 The poems resist the tenet, partly because it is the way of poems to resist even the best of tenets, and partly because this particular tenet does not hold firm. ‘Ideally’, said Hill, ‘my theme would be simple’; but then he allowed the reservations intimated by the conditional ‘would’ and the un conditioned ‘Ideally’ to sidle away: simply this: that the technical perfecting of a poem is an act of atonement, in the radical etymological sense—an act of atonement, a setting at one, a bringing into concord, a reconciling, a uniting in harmony; and that this act of atonement is described with beautiful finality by two modern poets: by W. B. Yeats when he writes in a letter of September 1936, to Dorothy Wellesley, that ‘a poem comes right with a click like a closing box’ and by T. S. Eliot in his essay of 1953, ‘The Three Voices of Poetry’:
Lies
Authors: Ricks Christopher 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The epigraph for the 1975 conference of the Northeast Modern Language Association, on ‘Language, Literature, and Change,’ was this: In every culture, language and literature have served both to cause and to reflect economic, political, philosophical, social changes. The conference will explore the relationship of language and literature to cultural change. Such considerations are, among other things, anthropological in the interplay of the human condition and a cultural con dition or conditioning. Taking heart from the fact that Raymond Firth said that ‘One of the functions of anthropology is to ask questions about the obvious,’ I should like to ask some questions about a particular instance of the obvious: that lie in English means both to say something false while knowing it to be so, and to. rest or (expressive of bodily posture) to be in a prostrate or recumbent position. A pun, after all, is likely to be a compacting or a constellating of language and literature, of social and cultural circumstance.
The Poetics of Sensibility
Authors: Mcgann Jerome 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Jerome McGann's exciting new work represents the most significant intervention in Romantic studies since his own The Romantic Ideology. It takes as its prime aim the reading of neglected poetry, principally by women, which qualifies as either poetry of sensibility or poetry of sentiment. It is certain to provoke discussion among anyone interested in the hundred years of poetry it considers. Writers discussed include: Ann Batten Cristall, Benardin, Coleridge, Erasmus Darwin, Thomas Gray, Francis Greville, Felicia Hemans, William Jones, Keats, Ossian, Mary Robinson, Schiller, Shelley, Wordsworth, and Ann Yearsley.
Composite Editions Aal [1948]
Authors: Kirkpatrick B J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
p. [vi] copyright note, reservation rights, printer’s note; pp. [vii-ix numbered v-vii] Contents; p. [x] blank; p. [xi] dedication; p. [xii] blank; p. [xiii] acknowledgments; p. [xiv] blank; p. [xv] fly-title; p. [xvi] blank; pp. (17-65 numbered] 11-59 text; p. (66] blank; pp. [67-91 numbered] 61-85 text; p.
Introduction: Last Things First
Authors: Stevenson Randall 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
‘1960–2000: The Last of England?’ Surely England is more durable than that title suggests? It certainly still seemed so, twenty years before this period began, even at the height of the Second World War. ‘Worlds may change and go awry’, Ross Parker and Hughie Charles warned in their popular wartime song, only to reaffirm that ‘there’ll always be an England’. Such confidence is not necessarily contradicted in this volume of the Oxford English Literary History— not entirely, at any rate. ‘The Last of England’ of its title is in one way less doom-laden than simply descriptive, referring to the last or most recently produced literature in England: the last phase of the millennium-long tradition the History describes. Yet no study of the later twentieth century, doom-laden or not, could overlook how far sureties failed, even in the brief gap between the end of the war and 1960.
Counter-movements and Modernist Memories: 1960 to the 1980s
Authors: Stevenson Randall 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Indifferent to the revival of the 1960s, Blake Morrison and Andrew Motion’s introduction to The Penguin Book of Contemporary British Poetry (1982) was scarcely readier to acknowledge— and eventually dismissed—other recent directions contrary to the Movement. Some of these had been highlighted twenty years earlier—almost before they were fully apparent in English poetry—in A. L. Alvarez’s 1962 debate with Donald Davie, described at the start of Chapter 5.
A Public Art Form: The Late 1950s to the 1970s
Authors: Stevenson Randall 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The theatre is, or can be, the most public, the most clearly political of the art forms. Theatre is the place where the life of a society is shown in public to that society. (McGrath, A Good Night Out, p. 83) Poetry went through a difficult period, Chapter 8 suggested, in the later decades of the twentieth century. Drama, in the view of most critics, enjoyed an unusually successful one. Martin Esslin judged the later twentieth century ‘the most vigorous period of dramatic writing…since Elizabethan and Jacobean times’ (Shank (ed.), p. 180.
Double Lives’: Women’s Writing and Gender Difference
Authors: Stevenson Randall 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
‘Women writers seem best placed now to use the novel seriously to open out relatively unexplored areas of individual and social experience’, Ian McEwan commented in the New Review in Summer 1978 (p. 51). His remark reflected a growing recognition, by the late 1970s, that new and challenging areas had been opened up for the imagination—and in contemporary experience generally—by radically changing assumptions about gender. As Chapter 1 described, literature contributed significantly to these changes, not only by reflecting new outlooks and ideas, but often by initiating them— identifying and exploring, in imagination, potentials not yet much developed in society itself.
A Crisis of Gender?
Authors: Humble Nicola 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
For the generation that fought in it, and for those who came after, the Great War changed everything. As it became clear to most that the war was a bitter fiasco, old truths and authorities were called to account, and the sentimental pieties of the past challenged. The effect on gender roles was decisive: the traditional masculine values of honour, martial prowess, and emotional restraint were severely compromised by the futility of the mass-slaughter and the trauma that followed, while the delicate flower of English womanhood was transformed by the heavy labour of jobs in munitions factories and stints as ambulance drivers.
Lady Lazarus
Authors: Fenton James 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Marianne Moore, Elizabeth Bishop, Sylvia Plath-Bryn Mawr class of 1909, Vassar class of 1934, Smith class of 1955, Iducated women of three generations who achieved pre-eminence as poets. That sounds like a circumlocution. It is a circumlocu tion, but I feel I would betray the spirit of Moore and Bishop by calling them women poets. Moore was a feminist, a suffragette, a Woman Who Did.1 Although it appears that marriage was never one of her ambitions, as it happened she made the sacrifice or renunciation common among the women of her time who had a vocation. She was drawn to the avant-garde, to modernism in the making, and if her creations are strikingly impersonal (so that even a poem purportedly about her father turns out to be a fiction), that impersonality is not untypical of modernism.
The Birth of a New Tradition
Authors: Tsouvalis Judith 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
To propagate itself every new idea is crystallised into formulas; to maintain itself it entrusts itself to a carefully recruited body of interpreters, who may sometimes actually be appropriately paid but at all events are subject to a higher authority charged with resolving doubts and suppressing deviations. Thus every new idea invariably ends by becoming a fixed idea, immobile and out of date. When it becomes official state doctrine there’s no more escape.
The Forestry Commission’s Reflective Turn
Authors: Tsouvalis Judith 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the early 1980s, the FC began to change. This chapter investigates what will be called the FC’s ‘reflective turn’, which describes a moment in the history of the FC when it began to problematize its ‘self’ and its practices. It responded to this act of problematization in two ways. First, by developing a new corporate identity, and, secondly, by developing a new forest vision based on the concepts of multi-purpose forestry, sustainability, and biodiversity. Both these responses will be investigated below. In the latter sections, extensive use will be made of original interview material.
The Situated Interpretation of Possessor-Raising
Authors: O’Connor Mary Catherine 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In a relatively small number of languages, there appears to be an alternation between clauses containing an intact NP argument with a possessor and corresponding ‘possessor-raised’ clauses, in which the possessor NP and the possessed object both appear as independent constituents. Pairs like the following Northern Pomo1 examples are typical of the construction. In (Ia) the unremarkable NP ‘his knee’ is the direct object of the transitive verb ‘bum.’ In (I b), the possessor NP is no longer marked with the Oblique case, is no longer adjacent to the nominal ‘knee,’ and is marked in the accusative case.
Natural Law and the Separation of Law and Morals
Authors: Maccormick Neil 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Some books make a radical impression upon the reader by the boldness and novelty of the theses they state; to write such a book is a rare and difficult achievement. It is scarcely easier, though, and no less rare, to make a radical impression by a careful restatement of an old idea, bringing old themes back to new life by the vigour and vividness with which they are translated into a contemporary idiom. That has been the achievement of John Finnis’s Natural Law and Natural Rights, a book which for British scholars has brought back to life the classical Thomistic/Aristotelian theory of natural law. A theory which more than one generation of thinkers had dismissed as an ancient and exploded fallacy kept alive only as the theological dogmatics of an authoritarian church was rescued from a whole complex of misunderstandings and misrepresentations. At the same time, it was exhibited as a thoroughly challenging account of law, fully capable of standing up to the theories which were regarded as having refuted and superseded it, while taking into account and accepting into its own setting some of the main insights or discoveries of these theories.
Platonism and the Study of Nature (Phaedo 95eff.)1
Authors: Mueller Ian 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
At 95e7 of the Phaedo Socrates says that defending his claim that the soul is immortal requires a ‘thoroughgoing inquiry’ into the ‘cause’ (aitia) of coming.to-be and ceasing-to-be (genesis andphthora) and being; he offers his ‘own experiences on these matters’.2 The putatively autobiographical account which follows is our earliest extant extended discussion of a fundamental question of scientific methodology: what constitutes a satisfactory explanation of natural ‘phenomena’? In recent decades a great deal has been written about this passage which has thrown considerable light on the details of Plato’s position. However, there is one central issue of interpretation on which a broad consensus has been reached, which I believe is mistaken.
Theoretical Orientation
Authors: Taylor John R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The theoretical approach underlying my treatment of the possessive is cognitive grammar, as this has been developed by Ronald Langacker and others. In this book, besides presenting a cognitive grammar analysis of the possessive, I also undertake a confrontation of the cognitive grammar approach with some alternatives, in particular, those that have been pursued within the generative, and more recently, the government and binding (GB) paradigm, and its newest progeny, principles and parameters. The aim will be to show that cognitive grammar can offer a more economical, and more insightful account of the English possessive than these theoretical alternatives.
The Tttring Test: Al’s Biggest Blind Alley?
Authors: Whitby Blay 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Alan Turing’s 1950 paper, ‘Computing Machinery and Intelligence’, and the ‘Turing Test’ suggested in it are rightly seen as inspirational to the inception and development of artificial intelligence (Al). However, inspiration can soon become distraction in science, and it is not too early to begin to consider whether or not the Turing test is just such a distraction. What will be argued is that this is indeed the case with the Turing Test and AI.
The Intentional Stance and the Imitation Game
Authors: Narayanan Ajit 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In Brainstorms Dennett (1981) proposes the following six conditions, each of which is necessary, of ‘personhood’. Although Dennett is concerned with ‘moral personhood’, rather than personhood as such, he believes that metaphysical personhood is a necessary condition of moral personhood. The six conditions are: rationality, intentionality, stance, reciprocity, verbal communication, and consciousness.
Minds, Machines, and Gödel: A Retrospect
Authors: Lucas J R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
I must start with an apologia. My original paper, ‘Minds, Machines and Gödel’, was written in the wake of Turing’s 1950 paper in Mind, and was intended to show that minds were not Turing machines. Why, then, didn’t I couch the argument in terms of Turing’s theorem, which is easyish to prove and applies directly to Turing machines, instead of Gödel’s theorem, which is horrendously difficult to prove, and doesn’t so naturally or obviously apply to machines? The reason was that Gödel’s theorem gave me something more: it raises questions of truth which evidently bear on the nature of mind, whereas Turing’s theorem does not; it shows not only that the Gödelian well-formed formula is unprovable-in-the-system, but that it is true. It shows something about reasoning, that it is not completely rule-bound, so that we, who are rational, can transcend the rules of any particular logistic system, and construe the Gödelian well-formed formula not just as a string of symbols but as a proposition which is true. Turing’s theorem might well be applied to a computer which someone claimed to represent a human mind, but it is not so obvious that what the computer could not do, the mind could. But it is very obvious that we have a concept of truth. Even if it is not the summum bonum, it is a bonum, and one it is characteristic of minds to value.
The Church-Turing Thesis: Its Nature and Status
Authors: Galton Antony 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Church-Turing thesis (CT), as it is usually understood, asserts the identity of two classes of functions, the effectively computable functions on the one hand, and the recursive (or Turing-machine computable) functions on the other. In support of this thesis, it is customary to cite the circumstance that all serious attempts to characterize the notion of an effectively computable function in precise mathematical terms have ended up by defining the same class of functions, albeit in quite different ways. Thus CT is supported by a series of theorems to the effect that these various characterizations of effective computability (viz. Turing-machine computability, general recursiveness, A-definability, Markov algorithm computability, and the rest) are extensionally equivalent.