bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of levofloxacin in pharmaceutical preparations by high performance thin layer chromatography
Authors: Meyyanathan S. N. , Ramasarma G. V. S. , Suresh B. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractA new simple, precise, rapid, and selective high‐performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) method has been developed for the analysis of levofloxacin in pharmaceutical formulations. The method uses lamotrigine as an internal standard. The stationary phase was silica gel 60F254 prewashed with methanol; water‐methanol‐n‐butanol‐ammonia solution 5 + 5 + 5 + 0.4 (v/v) was used as mobile phase. Detection and quantification were performed densitometrically at λ = 298 nm. The linear range of the analysis was 0.8–3.0 μg and the percentage recovery was 99.90%.
Treatment of cervical dentin hypersensitivity using neodymium: Yttrium–aluminum–garnet laser. Clinical evaluation
Authors: Ciaramicoli Márcia T. , Carvalho Rubens C. R. , Eduardo Carlos P. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveThe incidence of cervical dentinal hypersensitivity is related to the high number of non‐carious cervical lesions. This clinical research was developed in order to evaluate the Nd:YAG laser treatment of cervical dentin hypersensitivity after attempting the removal and control of etiologic factor after two different stimuli.Study Design/Materials and MethodsTwenty patients participated in this study in a total of 145 teeth, where 104 received the Nd:YAG laser treatment and 41 remained as control.ResultsThe results showed that there was statistically significant reduction of hypersensitivity as for the groups that received the treatment with Nd:YAG laser, as for the control teeth. However, the reduction of cervical dentinal hypersensitivity was statistically greater when there was the association of the removal of etiologic factors with the application of Nd:YAG laser.ConclusionsWe concluded that the laser irradiation was effective in the treatment of cervical dentin hypersensitivity after 6 months. Lasers Surg. Med. 33:358–362, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Treatment of resistant port wine stains with the V Beam® pulsed dye laser
Authors: Laube Simone , Taibjee Saleem , Lanigan Sean W. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesPulsed dye lasers (PDL; 585 nm, 0.45 millisecond) are the treatment of choice for port wine stains (PWS). However, clearance rates vary widely and are in many patients incomplete. The objective of this prospective pilot study was to investigate the effects of a long pulse‐duration 595 nm PDL (V Beam®, Candela Laser Corporation, Wayland, MA) on previously treated PWS to ascertain whether further lightening can be obtained. Treatment response was assessed subjectively (photographs) and objectively with noninvasive techniques (reflectance spectrophotometer and spectrophotometric intracutaneous analysis scope (SIAscope)).Study Design/Materials and MethodsTwelve adult patients with congenital PWS each had four test patches with different spot sizes, fluences, and pulse widths carried out. The test area with the best response was selected and two laser treatments were performed at weeks 8 and 16. Photographs and measurements with a reflectance spectrophotometer and SIAscope (Astron Clinica, Cambridge, UK) were performed at baseline, before each treatment and at final review at week 24.ResultsOf the nine patients who completed the study three patients showed a good response (51–75% lightening), which was supported by measurements with the reflectance spectrophotometer and the SIAscope. A further three patients had fair improvement (26–50% lightening) and three patients had a minor or no response (0–25% lightening). In two patients a discrepancy between the degree of clinical response and some of the objective measurements was noticed.ConclusionsThe 595 nm V Beam® PDL appears to achieve further lightening of therapy‐resistant PWS in the majority of patients (67%). Both reflectance spectrophotometer and SIAscope appear to permit assessment of objective treatment responses. Results require confirmation in larger studies. Lasers Surg. Med. 33:282–287, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Efficacy of different therapy regimes of low‐power laser in painful osteoarthritis of the knee: A double‐blind and randomized‐controlled trial
Authors: Gur Ali , Cosut Abdulkadir , Jale Sarac Aysegul , Cevik Remzi , Nas Kemal , Uyar Asur 
Published: December 2003

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesA prospective, double‐blind, randomized, and controlled trial was conducted in patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA) to evaluate the efficacy of infrared low‐power Gallium‐Arsenide (Ga‐As) laser therapy (LPLT) and compared two different laser therapy regimes.Study Design/Materials and MethodsNinety patients were randomly assigned to three treatment groups by one of the nontreating authors by drawing 1 of 90 envelopes labeled ‘A’ (Group I: actual LPLT consisted of 5 minutes, 3 J total dose + exercise; 30 patients), ‘B’ (Group II: actual LPLT consisted of 3 minutes, 2 J total dose + exercise; 30 patients), and ‘C’ (Group III: placebo laser group + exercise; 30 patients). All patients received a total of 10 treatments, and exercise therapy program was continued during study (14 weeks). Subjects, physician, and data analysts were unaware of the code for active or placebo laser until the data analysis was complete. All patients were evaluated with respect to pain, degree of active knee flexion, duration of morning stiffness, painless walking distance and duration, and the Western Ontario and Mc Master Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) at week 0, 6, 10, and 14.ResultsStatistically significant improvements were indicated in respect to all parameters such as pain, function, and quality of life (QoL) measures in the post‐therapy period compared to pre‐therapy in both active laser groups (P < 0.01). Improvements in all parameters of the Group I and in parameters, such as pain and WOMAC of the Group II, were more statistically significant when compared with placebo laser group (P < 0.05).ConclusionsOur study demonstrated that applications of LPLT in different dose and duration have not affected results and both therapy regimes were a safe and effective method in treatment of knee OA. Lasers Surg. Med. 33:330–338, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Photothermal detection of laser‐induced damage in single intact cells
Authors: Lapotko Dmitri O. , Lukianova Ekaterina Y. , Shnip Alexander I. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveMost of the studies of laser‐induced damage do not analyze individual cells. Objective of this work was to evaluate local photo‐induced thermal phenomena in single cells at theoretical and experimental levels for developing the method for real‐time detection of laser damage in intact cells.Study Design/Materials and MethodsTheoretical model of cell–laser interaction assumes local nature of photo‐induced thermal effects and describes photodamage through bubble formation. Photothermal (PT) method was suggested for damage detection. Laser‐induced damage was verified for individual cells with two techniques through detection of Trypan blue penetration into damaged cell.ResultsSpecific PT responses from blast‐transformed lymphocytes were identified independently as result of bubble formation and cell damage. Probability of cell damage was obtained for cells as function of laser pulse energy.ConclusionsThe Laser load test (LLT) was suggested for real‐time detection of damage, damage threshold measurement, and investigation of intact single cells. Lasers Surg. Med. 33:320–329, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A new method for assessment of corrosion around a scribe in the coating on a metal sheet
Authors: Oelßner W. , Berthold F. , Werner H. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractScratches or any other defects in the polymer coating on metallic materials are preferred sites of increased corrosion attack. The undermining of coatings originating from such a damage is of great practical relevance and thus now as before also subject of scientific studies. In the paper a new method for in situ measurements of corrosion processes under coatings by using a sensor array will be presented. The progress of undermining originating from a scribe was determined by resistance and impedance measurements between individual sensor elements and the metallic substrate in dependency on the substrate material and other parameters.
Polythiophenylene synthesis through multi‐electron transfer process
Authors: Oyaizu Kenichi , Tsuchida Eishun 
Published: December 2003

AbstractSuperacidification of aromatic sulfoxides effects the electrophilic substitution reaction of the resulting hydroxysulfonium ions onto aromatic rings with the elimination of H2O at room temperature. The product, the alkyldiarylsulfonium ion, allows the synthesis of alkylsulfonio‐bridged (λ4‐alkylsulfanyliumdiyl) aromatic polymers. High molecular‐weight poly(alkylsulfonioarylene) salts have been made accessible by the regioselective condensation of aryl sulfoxides. Polymers having a wide variety of structural dimensionalities such as linear, hyper‐branched and ladder‐type structures can be prepared by this method, which possess interesting properties such as good solubility in polar organic solvents and sometimes even in H2O, susceptibility to nucleophiles to provide thioarylene derivatives, photo‐degradability, and electric semiconductivity based on a 3d‐2p interaction in aryl sulfonium ion.
Synthesis of poly(ethynylplatinumporphyrin) and its application as an oxygen pressure‐sensitive paint
Authors: Hah Hyundae , Sakai Tomoyuki , Asai Keisuke , Nishide Hiroyuki 
Published: December 2003

Abstract5‐(4‐Trimethylsilyethynylphenyl)‐10,15,20‐triphenylplatinumporphyrin was synthesized and copolymerized with trimethylsilylpropyne to give a new high‐molecular‐weight porphyrin polymer. The polymer formed a smooth and tough coating on many types of surfaces. The coating showed a strong blue luminescence from the platinumporphyrin residue which was quenched in the presence of oxygen. The relationship of the luminescence intensity vs oxygen pressure displayed a remarkably high pressure sensitivity in the low oxygen pressure area, which was ascribed to the high oxygen permeability of the polymer.
Polysaccharides based hydrogels for biological applications
Authors: Barbucci R. , Consumi M. , Lamponi S. , Leone G. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractPolysaccharides based hydrogels show several peculiar properties which can be so reassumed:• Capability to absorb a great amount of water once immersed in biological fluids, assuming, consequently, a structure similar to extracellular matrix or biological tissue• Tissotropic property, i.e. possibility to be injected through a needle without lose of their rheological properties.These fundamental properties make them ideal materials for several biomedical applications, such as cellular scaffold, coatings for biomedical disposals, treatments for different diseases, controlled release of drugs, etc.Hyaluronane, Carboxymethyl cellulose and Alginic acid based 50% hydrogels (i.e. 50% of the carboxylate groups present in the macromolecule chain were involved in the cross‐linking reaction) are synthesised. Their effectiveness in promoting cells adhesion and proliferation was verified. Furthermore the possibility of injecting and sterilising hydrogels permitted to test the effect of Hyal 50% in the osteoarthritis therapy. It was found that the in vivo effect of Hyal 50% in the treatment of surgically created chondral defect in the rabbit knee was positive.These materials can be both chemically and morphologically modified. In fact, the insertion of sulphate groups increase their hemocompatibility as demonstred by the increase of TT (time necessary to turn the fibrinogen to thrombin). Furthermore microporous hydrogels were obtained and tested as drug controlled release systems.
Specific electron transfer mechanism from the photoexcited tetrasulfonated Zn(II)‐tetraphenylporphyrin to methylviologen via self‐assembled ionic complex
Authors: Kaneko M. , Suzuki K. , Ebel Esther , Wöhrle Dieter 
Published: December 2003

AbstractElectron transfer from photoexcited tetrasulfonated Zn(II)‐tetraphenylporphyrin (ZnTSTPP) to methyviologen (MV2+) was studied. From the investigation of relative fluorescence intensity and emission lifetime against the MV2+ concentration, it was concluded that the electron transfer takes place by a static mechanism. Based on the analysis of the quenching behavior, it was concluded that the static reaction did not follow an ordinary Perrin model, but interaction of the donor (photoexcited Zn‐TSTPP) and the acceptor (MV2+) molecules, ionic interaction in the present case, is responsible. The analysis of the quenching gave the equilibrium constant for the interaction to be K = 6.5 × 104 M−1. A two‐dimensional selfassembled macromolecular ionic complex between ZnTSTPP and MV2+ is proposed.
Dimensionally oriented redox‐active π‐conjugated systems
Authors: Hirao Toshikazu , Saito Kaori 
Published: December 2003

AbstractPorphyrins bearing the redox‐active phenylenediamine pendant groups are synthesized to afford dimensionally oriented π‐conjugated systems. The structural and electronic characteristics depend on the atropisomers. In the fluorescence emission spectra, the emission from the porphyrin moiety is almost completely quenched. Zinc complexation of the αααα isomers gives the corresponding zinc porphyrins bearing four phenylenediamine strands. Treatment with a bidentate ligand, DABCO, leads to the sandwich dimer complex, in which the porphyrin moieties are surrounded by π‐conjugated pendant groups. p‐t‐Butylcalix[4]arenes bearing four redox‐active phenylenediamine pendant groups on the lower rim are synthesized and characterized both spectroscopically and electrochemically. The interconversion of the oxidation states of the pendant groups is demonstrated both chemically and electrochemically.
Soluble polymeric ligands for metal complexation and catalyst recovery
Authors: Bergbreiter David E. , Frels Jonathon D. , Li Chunmei 
Published: December 2003

AbstractSoluble polymers that bind metals and that in turn can be separated from other components of a reaction mixture are described. The polymers used include derivatives of acrylamides, acrylates, polystyrene and other polymers. Both sequestration of trace metals and recovery of homogeneous catalysts is discussed. Separation methods using liquid/liquid mixtures that are monophasic during a reaction but biphasic during a separation are emphasized.
Comparative study of Cu(II) catalytic sites immobilized onto different polymeric supports
Authors: Kucherov A. , Finashina E. , Kramareva N. , Rogacheva V. , Zezin A. , Said‐Galiyev E. , Kustov L. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractThe catalysts with copper(II) ions stabilized onto different polymeric matrixes are prepared on either bulk (Cu/chitosan, Cu/polyethyleneimine‐polyacrylic acid (PPA), and Cu‐diiminate‐impregnated polystyrene, polyarylate, or polymethylmethacrylate) or composite supports (egg‐shell type Cu/chitosan/SiO2 and Cu/PPA/SiO2). The morphology of the samples and peculiarities of Cu(II) cationic sites are studied by SEM and ESR methods, and the catalyst activities are compared in oxidation of o‐ and p‐dihydroxybenzenes by air in water. The catalytic activity of Cu(II) centers is governed by the coordination of isolated copper ions: for the most active catalysts, i.e., Cu/chitosan and Cu/PPA, the symmetry of isolated Cu2+‐sites approximates a coordinatively unsaturated square‐planar structure. At the same time, accessibility of active sites to water differs for different polymers, so the contribution of hydrophilicity to the reaction pattern cannot be excluded. Redox transformations of the active sites in the course of catalytic tests do not cause copper leaching from the polymer matrix. The binary composite systems with a film of low‐loaded hydrofilic Cu‐polymer supported on macroporous SiO2 demonstrate substantially higher activity in oxidation of hydroquinone and 3,4‐dihydroxyphenylalanine, as compared with the bulk Cu/polymer samples. In turn, the specific activity of Cu/chitosan/SiO2 exceeds significantly that of Cu/PPA/SiO2 due to stabilization of a thinner and more uniform film of chitosan at the surface of silica.
Synthesis and properties in solution of ruthenium(II) coordination polymers
Authors: Knapp Ralf , Knapp Ralf , Kelch Steffen , Schmelz Oliver , Rehahn Matthias 
Published: December 2003

AbstractSynthetic strategies are presented for the preparation of readily soluble ruthenium(II) coordination polymers of high molecular weight. The constitutional homogeneity of the polymers is proved using high‐resolution NMR spectroscopy, and their molar masses are estimated from 1H NMR spectra, viscosity data and SAXS investigations. The polymers are shown to be conformationally rigid, and to form either densely packed coils or rods. It is mainly this difference in shape which causes the very specific properties of the respective polyelectrolytes in the solid state as well as in dilute solution. Finally, the UV‐vis absorption spectra of some of these materials are presented.
An investigation of the role of scale values in the DS/AHP method of multi‐criteria decision making
Authors: Beynon Malcolm J. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractDS/AHP is a method of multi‐criteria decision making based on the Dempster–Shafer theory of evidence and the analytic hierarchy process. Central to the utilization of DS/AHP is the composing of preference judgements on identified groups of decision alternatives (DA) across a number of criteria against all the DA present in the problem in question. This paper exposits a series of results whose objectives are to aid in the development of an effective set of preference scale values for use within DS/AHP. These results relate directly to the concomitant level of ignorance (uncertainty) with the judgements made on a single criterion. Two particular directions of investigation are undertaken, firstly in determining the necessary number of scale values available and secondly finding the necessary differences between scale values, dependent on whether an arithmetic or geometric progression is the basis for the scale values. Through an example, the implications and utilization of these results within DS/AHP are illustrated. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Proteome profiling and its use in metabolic and cellular engineering
Authors: Han Mee‐Jung , Lee Sang Yup 
Published: December 2003

AbstractProteome profiling of microorganisms makes it possible to generate valuable knowledge that can be used for the development of metabolic and cellular engineering strategies, which consequently are used to enhance the yield and productivity of native or foreign bioproducts and to modify cellular properties to improve mid‐stream and down‐stream processes. Advances in two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis technology combined with mass spectrometry allow the creation of global scale proteome contents which can be used to elucidate valuable information on the dynamics of the metabolic, signaling and regulatory networks apart from understanding the physiological changes. In this paper, we review the approaches of exploiting the proteome profiling results to the development of the strategies for the metabolic and cellular engineering of microorganisms.
Proteome analysis of the responses of Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer leaves to high light: Use of electrospray ionization quadrupole‐time of flight mass spectrometry and expressed sequence tag data
Authors: Nam Myung Hee , Heo Eun Joo , Kim Jin Young , Kim Seung Il , Kwon Kyung‐Hoon , Seo Jong Bok , Kwon Ohoak , Yoo Jong Shin , Park Young Mok 
Published: December 2003

AbstractWe performed comparative proteomic analyses in order to understand the physiological responses of ginseng (Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer) to high light (HL). As a first step, we analyzed the proteins expressed in ginseng leaves. Proteins extracted from leaves were separated by two‐dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Protein spots were identified by tandem mass spectra analysis using electrospray ionization quadrupole‐time of flight mass spectrometry (ESI Q‐TOF MS). We used a ginseng expressed sequence tag (EST) database as well as a nonredundant protein database from NCBI to identify proteins. Eighty‐one proteins were identified using the nr protein database, 51 of which were also verified from the ginseng EST database. An additional 66 proteins were identified only from the ginseng EST database. Proteins that function in energy metabolism, protein stabilization, and protection against oxidative stress were abundant. To understand the light responses of ginseng leaves, we studied time dependent changes in expressed proteins produced by 0–4 h of HL exposure. Six HL‐responsive proteins were identified: three proteins were up‐regulated (cytosolic small heat‐shock protein, cytosolic ascorbate peroxidase, and putative major latex‐like protein) and three proteins were down‐regulated (Rieske Fe/S protein, putative 3‐beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/isomerase‐like protein, and oxygen‐evolving enhancer‐like protein). Our results show that the ginseng EST database combined with ESI Q‐TOF MS analysis can be used to identify ginseng proteins and to elucidate the protective mechanism of ginseng against HL induced damage.
Improvement of the two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis analysis for the proteome study of Halobacterium salinarum
Authors: Cho Chang‐Won , Lee So‐Hee , Choi Jiyeon , Park Soo‐Jin , Ha Dong‐Jin , Kim Hyo‐Jeong , Kim Chan‐Wha 
Published: December 2003

AbstractInherent problems exist in the use of two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis (2‐DE) for sample preparation and separation of proteins from Halobacterium salinarum. In particular, proteins from cells grown in 25% NaCl are difficult to resolve by 2‐DE due to the abundance of salt. To remove salts, a 3 kDa molecular weight cut‐off column was used. When soluble proteins were separated by 2‐DE, most of the proteins were concentrated in the acidic range. For separation of proteins in the pH 3–6 range, ultrazoom immobilized pH gradient strips were used. In addition, sample separation using a IPGphor/Multiphor combined system was a more effective method for the proteome analysis of acidic proteins than using IPGphor for the isoelectric focusing step.
ProteoChip: A highly sensitive protein microarray prepared by a novel method of protein immobilization for application of protein‐protein interaction studies
Authors: Lee Yoonsuk , Lee Eun Kyoung , Cho Yong Wan , Matsui Takuya , Kang In‐Cheol , Kim Tai‐Sun , Han Moon Hi 
Published: December 2003

AbstractWe have developed a highly sensitive microarray protein chip, ProteoChip, coated with ProLinker™, novel calixcrown derivatives with a bifunctional coupling property that permits efficient immobilization of capture proteins on solid matrixes and makes high‐throughput analysis of protein‐protein interactions possible. The analysis of quartz crystal microbalance showed that both monoclonal antibody (mAb) and antigen (Ag) bound to the gold film of the sensor surface coated with ProLinker™ B and that it is useful for studies of Ab‐Ag interactions. ProteoChip, aminated glass slide coated with ProLinker™ A, was also demonstrated to be useful for preparation of high‐density array spots by using a microarrayer and for analysis of analyte Ags either by direct or sandwich methods of fluorescence immunoassay. The detection sensitivity of ProteoChip was as low as 1–10 femtogram/mL of analyte protein, useful for detection of tumor markers. ProteoChip was also useful for studies of direct protein‐protein interactions as demonstrated by analysis of integrin‐extracellular matrix protein interaction. These experimental results suggest that ProteoChip is a powerful tool for development of chip‐based lead screening microarrays to monitor protein‐protein interactions (i.e. drug target) as well as for biomarker assays which require high detection sensitivity.