bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prognostic value of CD44 isoform expression in thymic epithelial neoplasms
Authors: Sonobe Satoshi , Miyamoto Hideaki , Nobukawa Bunsei , Izumi Hiroshi , Futagawa Toshiro , Ishikawa Noboru , Yamazaki Akio , Uekusa Toshimasa , Abe Hiroshi , Suda Koichi 
Published: April 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDMany histologic classifications of thymic epithelial tumors have been reported to date, but to the authors' knowledge, none of them closely reflect the clinical behavior or prognosis of the tumor. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a biologic marker for thymic epithelial tumors. Variants of CD44 may be important in promoting tumor progression and metastasis. Accordingly, the expression of CD44 isoforms in thymic epithelial neoplasms was investigated using immunohistochemistry to assess their possible value as prognostic indicators.METHODSExpression of CD44v6 in thymic epithelial tumors was investigated with immunohistochemistry using consecutive surgical specimens resected from 108 patients between 1983 and 2002 at Juntendo University Hospital in Tokyo, Japan.RESULTSAmong the 108 thymic epithelial tumors, 70 were negative for CD44v6, 20 were weakly positive, and 18 were strongly positive. The status of CD44v6 expression (negative vs. weakly plus strongly positive) was found to be correlated with the tumor stage according to the Masaoka staging system (noninvasive vs. invasive tumors) (P = 0.0214). When patients with tumors that were negative and weakly positive for CD44v6 expression were combined, the 5‐year, 10‐year, and 15‐year recurrence‐free survival rates were 98.2%, 95.9%, and 86.1%, respectively, whereas the corresponding rates for patients with strongly positive tumors were 73.5%, 73.5%, and 55.1%, respectively. Therefore, these two groups demonstrated a significant difference with regard to recurrence‐free survival (P = 0.0172).CONCLUSIONSCD44v6 expression in thymic epithelial neoplasms demonstrated a significant difference based on the World Health Organization classification, the Masaoka stage (invasive vs. noninvasive tumors), and recurrence, if an appropriate cutoff value was chosen in each case. This suggests that CD44v6 can be used as a marker that reflects the stage of thymic tumors. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Design and characterization of a compact dual channel virus counter
Authors: Stoffel Carrie L. , Kathy Robin Finch , Rowlen Kathy L. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractBackgroundAlthough there is a growing need in the field of biotechnology to rapidly and accurately quantify viruses, time‐consuming techniques such as the plaque titer method remain the “gold standard.” Flow cytometric methods for virus quantification offer the advantages of rapid analysis and statistical treatment. The technique presented in this work represents the first demonstration of a flow cytometric determination of a viral count that is directly related to the count obtained by plaque titer.MethodsA flow cytometric instrument for rapid quantification of virus particles was designed, constructed, and thoroughly characterized. A two‐color method, which involved staining the viral genome and the protein coat for baculoviruses, was developed in addition to an algorithm to identify simultaneous events on the DNA and protein channels.ResultsThe instrument was fully characterized, which included analysis of the data acquisition rate, sampling time, flow rate, detection efficiency, linear dynamic range, channel cross‐talk, and the limit of detection. Baculovirus samples were analyzed and the results were compared with concentrations obtained by a one‐channel flow cytometer and plaque assay.ConclusionsThe dual channel virus counter yields a representative value for the concentration of active viruses in an unpurified sample when compared with plaque assay and a one‐channel flow cytometer. The technique is rapid (within minutes), requires only minimal sample preparation and minimum sample size (∼100 μl). © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expression and regulation of mouse SERDIN1, a highly conserved cardiac‐specific leucine‐rich repeat protein
Authors: Adameyko Igor I. , Mudry Ryan E. , Houston‐Cummings Nga Rewa M. , Veselov Alexander P. , Gregorio Carol C. , Tevosian Sergei G. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractDespite recent progress, the precise mechanisms responsible for vertebrate cardiac development are still enigmatic. Better understanding of cardiac biology and disease necessitates identification and analysis of a full spectrum of regulatory and structural proteins specific to the developing heart. By performing an in silico screen, we identified a cardiac‐specific gene we named Serdin1. The Serdin1 gene is conserved, and the message is restricted to the heart in several vertebrate species, thus implicating Serdin1 as an important gene in cardiac development. In situ hybridization confirmed that the Serdin1 message is cardiac‐specific in mice as early as embryonic day 8.5. Antibody staining demonstrated predominantly nuclear staining in immortalized cardiac cell lines (P19 and HL‐1) and proliferating cultured cardiomyocytes, whereas in vivo SERDIN1 localizes to I bands of the sarcomere. Seven kilobases of the upstream regulatory sequence of Serdin1 is sufficient for cardiac‐specific expression. Computer analysis revealed an 80‐bp homologous region between the mouse and the human Serdin genes that contains GATA, SRF, and MEF sites. Cardiac specificity and localization patterns suggest that SERDIN1 is intimately integrated with the molecular pathways controlling cardiogenesis in vertebrates. Developmental Dynamics 233:540–552, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Region‐specific expression of mario reveals pivotal function of the anterior nondigit region on digit formation in chick wing bud
Authors: Amano Takanori , Tamura Koji 
Published: April 2005

AbstractWe report the region‐specific expression of a novel gene, named mario, whose expression domain is in the distal tip of the presumptive and developing digit 2 region in the developing chick wing bud. The anterior region‐specific expression of mario corresponds well with the presence of digit 2, and fate map analysis showed that mario expression at early stages represents the presumptive digit 2 region. Using mario expression as a region‐specific marker for the digit 2 region, several surgical operations were performed to obtain insights into digit 2 development in the chick wing. Cell fate tracing concomitant with a zone of polarizing activity (ZPA) implantation revealed that an additional digit 2 in the ZPA implantation into the anterior or middle region of wing bud is derived from the original digit 2 region (mario‐positive region). Surgical manipulations revealed that the anterior nondigit region has an inhibitory effect on digit 2 formation. Taken together, these results suggest that the most‐anterior region, including the anterior necrotic zone, restricts the position of digit 2 region by limiting the anterior border of the digit 2 region and preventing its expansion. Developmental Dynamics 233:326–336, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A nonlinear atomization model for computation of drop size distributions and spray simulations
Authors: Park Hongbok , Yoon Sam S. , Heister Stephen D. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractA model has been developed to provide a comprehensive simulation of a spray formed by a high‐speed liquid jet. The primary atomization process is simulated in a completely nonlinear fashion using the boundary element method under the assumption of axisymmetric, inviscid flow. The presence of the orifice boundary layer is simulated with a ring vortex whose strength and location are uniquely determined from boundary layer properties at the orifice exit plane. Droplet and axisymmetric ligament tracking models have been developed to provide more comprehensive spray simulations. The breakup of the axisymmetric ligaments shed from the parent surface is assessed both in a nonlinear fashion as well as using the linear stability analysis of Ponstein. Using this latter approach, drop size distributions have been generated from first principles and compared with the popular Rosin–Rammler model. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An open study of risperidone liquid in the acute phase of schizophrenia
Authors: Yoshimura Reiji , Nakamura Jun , Shinkai Koji , Goto Makiko , Yamada Yasuhisa , Kaji Kyoko , Kakihara Shingo , Ueda Nobuhisa , Kohara Kimio , Ninomiya Hideaki , Egami Hideaki , Maeda Hisao 
Published: April 2005

AbstractAn open‐label study was performed to investigate the clinical efficacy and mechanisms of risperidone liquid in ameliorating positive symptoms in the acute phase of schizophrenia. Eighty‐eight patients (M/F: 50/38; age: 18–74 years;, mean±SD =32±16 years) meeting DSM‐IV criteria for schizophrenia and treated with risperidone liquid (14 patients also used lorazepam) were evaluated with regard to their clinical improvement and extrapyramidal side effects using the positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS) and the Simpson and Angus scale (SAS), while plasma concentrations of HVA and MHPG were analysed by HPLC‐ECD before and 4 weeks after risperidone liquid administration. Patients showing a 50% or greater improvement in PANSS scores were defined as responders. An improvement in the PANSS scores related to excitement, hostility and poor impulse control was seen within 7 days after administration of risperidone liquid, and an improvement with regard to hallucinatory behaviour and uncooperativeness was seen within 14 days after its administration. Finally, 68% of patients were classified as responders 4 weeks after risperidone liquid administration. The scores of SAS were not changed after risperidone liquid administration. Pretreatment plasma homovanillic acid (HVA) levels in the responders (8.1±2.9 ng/ml) were higher than those in nonresponders (5.9±1.9 ng/ml). In addition, a negative correlation was seen between the changes in plasma HVA levels and the percentage of improvement in PANSS scores. On the other hand, there were no differences between pretreatment plasma 3‐methoxy‐4‐hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG) levels and those of nonresponders. These results suggest that risperidone liquid is effective and well tolerated for the treatment of acute phase schizophrenic patients, and that efficacy is related to its affects on dopaminergic activity, not noradrenergic activity. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Novel lipid hydroperoxide‐derived hemoglobin histidine adducts as biomarkers of oxidative stress
Authors: Yocum Anastasia K. , Oe Tomoyuki , Yergey Alfred L. , Blair Ian A. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractHemoglobin (Hb) adducts have long been used as dosimeters of exposure to xenobiotics and endogenously formed reactive metabolites. In this study, hemoglobin chains were separated from each other and their prosthetic heme groups and reacted with 4‐oxo‐2‐nonenal, a major breakdown product of lipid hydroperoxides. The adducts were characterized by matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization‐mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOF/MS) analysis of the intact proteins and by a combination of liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization/tandem MS (MS/MS) and MALDI‐TOF/MS/MS analysis of the tryptic peptides. Covalent modifications were found on both hemoglobin chains. The location was determined to be on H20 of the α‐hemoglobin chain and on H63 of the β‐hemoglobin chain. Molecular modeling revealed that these two residues were two most solvent accessible H residues present in intact Hb. The proposed reaction mechanism is based on that described for the reaction of 4‐hydroxy‐2‐nonenal with proteins. Initial nucleophilic Michael addition is followed by hydration of the resulting aldehyde, cyclization, and two sequential dehydration reactions to give stable furan derivatives. This results in the addition of 136 Da from 4‐oxo‐2‐nonenal to give adducts corresponding to 17VGAH* AGEYGAEALER31 from α‐hemoglobin and 62AH* GK65 from β‐hemoglobin. These hemoglobin modifications can potentially serve as biomarkers of lipid hydroperoxide‐mediated macromolecule damage and may reflect an indirect measurement of the potential for DNA damage in vivo. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Phase Separation in Aqueous Polymer Solutions as Studied by NMR Methods
Authors: Spěváček Jiří 
Published: April 2005

AbstractSome possibilities of 1H NMR spectroscopy in investigations of structural‐dynamic changes and polymer‐solvent interactions during the temperature‐induced phase transitions in aqueous polymer solutions are described. Results obtained recently on D2O solutions of poly(vinyl methyl ether) (PVME), poly(N‐isopropylmethacrylamide) (PIPMAm), negatively charged copolymers of N‐isopropylmethacrylamide and sodium methacrylate, and PIPMAm/PVME mixtures are discussed. A markedly different rate of dehydration process in dilute solutions on the one hand, and in semidilute and concentrated solutions on the other hand, was revealed from 1H spin‐spin relaxation measurements.
Stereoregular Polyelectrolyte/Surfactant Stoichiometric Complexes
Authors: Guenet Jean‐Michel 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThe molecular structure of polystyrene sulphonate/CTAB stoichiometric complexes has been studied by small angle neutron scattering in solutions and in gels for atactic and isotactic isomers of the polystyrene moiety. It is found that tacticity has no influence on the molecular structure in solution but plays a role in the gel state.
Preparation and Characterisation of Li‐Al‐glycine Layered Double Hydroxides (LDHs)‐Polymer Nanocomposites
Authors: Kottegoda Nilwala S. , Jones William 
Published: April 2005

AbstractLiAl‐Layered Double Hydroxides, containing glycinate anions, have been prepared using LiAlO2. The glycine containing LDHs were then exfoliated in chloroform. Dispersions of approximately 0.03 g of the LDH in 15 ml of the solvent were possible. Nanocomposites using the exfoliated LiAl‐glycine LDH and polyethyleneglycol were prepared by adding appropriate amounts of polymer to the LDH‐chloroform dispersion. The clay‐polymer nanocomposites were then characterised using powder X‐ray diffraction. The thermal and mechanical properties of the composites are reported. The results suggest that composites containing individual (exfoliated) LDH layers were obtained with the mechanical and thermal properties of the composites noticeably superior to those of the parent polymer.
Photo‐Deformation of Syndiotactic Polystyrene Gels
Authors: Itagaki Hideyuki , Iida Reiko , Mochizuki Jun 
Published: April 2005

AbstractWe report a usual and novel phenomenon that an excitation light beam of a spectrofluorometer produced a black mark in gels of syndiotactic polystyrene (SPS). This mark whose shape is identical with that of an excitation light beam was found to appear in SPS/chloroform gel just after only irradiation at 260 nm for 5 to 10 min. The heating of the gel with the mark at 80°C diminished the mark and recovered uniformly the gel to be as it had been before irradiation. We discuss what the black mark is and why it is produced by light irradiation.
Thermodynamics of Swelling of Poly(N‐vinylpyrrolidone)‐Poly(ethylene glycol) Complex Due to Water Sorption
Authors: Krasilnikova Olga , Vartapetian Ruben 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThe deformation of sorbent caused by the sorption is new method of quantitative investigation “in situ” of interaction in system host‐quest. The deformation of PVP‐PEG complex, ϕPEG=0.36 and ϕPEG=0.20 due to water sorption has been studied by the measuring of the relative elongation of the polymer samples and the isotherms of water sorption simultaneously. The investigation of the sorption deformation gives the possibility of direct estimation of polymer sample free volume and it's variation during sorption, also the variation of Gibbs energy of system due to sorption according to the vacancy solution theory. The glassy‐plastic state transition of polymer during water sorption has been observed.
Peculiarities of Formation of Intermolecular Polycomplexes Based on Polyacrylamide, Poly(vinyl alcohol) and Poly(ethylene oxide)
Authors: Momot Lesya , Zheltonozhskaya Tatyana , Permyakova Nataliya , Fedorchuk Sergey , Syromyatnikov Vladimir 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThe phenomenon of self‐assembly of aggregates formed by relatively short chains of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) on the long macromolecules of polyacrylamide (PAA) in aqueous medium are discussed. PVA and PAA form intermolecular polycomplexes (InterPC) of a constant composition independently on a ratio of polymer components. The complex formation between high‐molecular‐weight PAA and relatively low‐molecular‐weight poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) are considered also. PEO with M ⩽ 4·104 g.mol−1 weakly interacts with PAA. The polymer‐polymer interaction can be intensified when the part of amide groups (∼20 mol %) on PAA chain to transform into the carboxylic groups. InterPCs formed by PEO and initial or modified PAA have associative structure with friable packing of the polymer segments. They are stabilized by the hydrogen bond system.
Relations between Glass Transition Temperatures in Miscible Polymer Blends and Composition: From Volume to Mass Fractions
Authors: Pimbert Sylvie , Avignon‐Poquillon Laurence , Levesque Guy 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThe use of volume fractions in the empirical mixing laws to predict the glass transition temperatures (Tg) of polymer blends provides good agreement with experimental values, even for polymer systems with different densities. No adjustment parameter is therefore required whereas Gordon‐Taylor and Kwei equations based on weight fractions need the use of a fitting parameter which has to be determined from experimental data. This assumption was validated from Tg measurements through DSC experiments conducted on PMMA /PVDF blends which have significantly different densities.
Approximation of multiclass queueing networks with highly variable arrivals under deterministic routing
Authors: Kim Sunkyo 
Published: April 2005

AbstractIn this paper, we present the heavy‐traffic bottleneck phenomenon under multiclass deterministic routing and discuss how it can be addressed by decomposition approximation. Examples show that Bitran and Tirupati's method and Whitt's enhancements for deterministic routing may not properly account for this phenomenon. We propose refinements to these methods based on Whitt's variability functions. Results of numerical experiments on simple networks and semiconductor manufacturing process show significant improvement in the approximation of expected waiting time at bottleneck stations. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2005.
Kinetic solvent effects on 1,3‐dipolar cycloadditions of benzonitrile oxide
Authors: Rispens Theo , Engberts Jan B. F. N. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThe kinetics of 1,3‐dipolar cycloadditions of benzonitrile oxide with a series of N‐substituted maleimides and with cyclopentene are reported for water, a wide range of organic solvents and binary solvent mixtures. The results indicate the importance of both solvent polarity and specific hydrogen‐bond interactions in governing the rates of the reactions. The aforementioned reactions are examples for which these factors often counteract, leading to a complex dependence of rate constants on the nature of the solvent. For the reactions of N‐ethylmaleimide and N‐n‐butylmaleimide with benzonitrile oxide, isobaric activation parameters have been determined in several organic solvents, water, and water–1‐propanol mixtures. Interestingly, the activation parameters reveal significant differences in solvation in different solvents that are not clearly reflected in the rate constants. In highly aqueous mixtures, enforced hydrophobic interactions lead to an increase in rate constant, relative to organic solvents. However, the overall rate enhancement in water is modest, if present at all, because the solvent polarity diminishes the rate constant. This pattern contrasts with common Diels–Alder reactions, where polarity, hydrogen‐bond donor capacity and enforced hydrophobic interactions work together, which can result in impressive rate accelerations in water. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Epipolar‐plane image analysis by error minimization of synthesized images
Authors: Shinya Mikio , Notomi Mikito , Minamida Kouki , Saito Takafumi 
Published: April 2005

AbstractAs computer graphics develops as a field, technology to enable the efficient creation of complex and realistic computer graphics is sought. Here we propose error minimization of synthesized images as a method for automatically creating computer graphics models based on epipolar‐plane analysis. Our method involves the restructuring of a computer graphics model so as to minimize the difference between the synthesized and input images. We demonstrate theoretically how this minimization can be efficiently performed via the iterative application of dynamic programming. In addition, conducting experiments using images taken both indoors and outdoors, we are able to show empirically that the method is capable of creating high‐fidelity computer graphics models. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Comp Jpn, 36(6): 92–101, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/scj.10198
A method for rating English texts by reading level for Japanese learners of English
Authors: Nagata Ryo , Iguchi Tatsuya , Masui Fumito , Kawai Atsuo 
Published: April 2005

AbstractIt has been recognized that existing methods for rating English texts by reading level are mostly aimed at native speakers of English and therefore are not completely appropriate for Japanese learners of the language. Here we propose a method for rating English texts by reading level specifically targeted at Japanese learners of the language. To rate the reading level of a text for a Japanese learner of English, our method takes two types of information regarding a given text into account, namely, vocabulary and grammatical structure. Specifically, we rate the reading level of a text by using a vocabulary list and parser to extract particularly difficult vocabulary items or grammatical structures as features. To rate a text's reading level, two types of model are used: multiple regression and neural networks. Our experiments show that the proposed methods rate the reading level of a text with the following levels of accuracy: an average of 75% accuracy for multiple regression and 81.3% when using neural networks. These constitute improvements on existing methods. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Comp Jpn, 36(6): 1–13, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/scj.20326
Implementing heap‐object behavior prediction efficiently and effectively
Authors: Seidl Matthew L. , Zorn Benjamin G. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractHeap‐allocated objects play an important role in many modern programs. Various results have shown the overall performance of these programs can be improved by increasing the reference locality of heap‐allocated objects. In this paper we describe an approach that improves the virtual memory performance of allocation‐intensive C programs by predicting the reference behavior and lifetime of heap objects as they are allocated. We further describe an implementation of our prediction algorithm and evaluate its performance on real programs. As part of our implementation, we present a low‐overhead algorithm to minimize the cost of gathering run‐time stack information. Finally, we show that an implementation of these algorithms has little overhead and can improve the virtual memory and TLB performance of programs substantially. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.