bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transcription factor GATA-1 potently represses the expression of the HIV-1 coreceptor CCR5 in human T cells and dendritic cells
Authors: Sundrud Mark S. , VanCompernolle Scott E. , Eger Karla A. , Bruno Tullia C. , Subramaniam Arun , Mummidi Srinivas , Ahuja Sunil K. , Unutmaz Derya 
Published: August 2005

AbstractCC chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) is the major HIV-1 coreceptor and its expression levels are a critical determinant of HIV-1 infection. However, the molecular mechanisms of CCR5 regulation in primary targets of HIV-1 remain unknown. Despite binding to conserved DNA elements, we show that the transcription factors GATA binding protein 1 (GATA-1) and GATA-3 differentially suppress the expression of CCR5 in stem-cell–derived dendritic cells and primary human T-cell subsets. In addition, GATA-1 expression was also more potent than GATA-3 in suppressing T helper 1 (Th1)–associated genes, interferon-γ (IFNγ), and CXC chemokine receptor-3 (CXCR3). GATA-1, but not GATA-3, potently suppressed CCR5 transcription, thereby rendering human T cells resistant to CCR5-tropic HIV-1 infection. However, GATA-1 could also serve as a surrogate for GATA-3 in its canonic role of programming Th2 gene expression. These findings provide insight into GATA-3–mediated gene regulation during T-cell differentiation. Importantly, decoding the mechanisms of GATA-1–mediated repression of CCR5 may offer an opportunity to develop novel approaches to inhibit CCR5 expression in T cells.
High-dose factor VIII inhibits factor VIII–specific memory B cells in hemophilia A with factor VIII inhibitors
Authors: Hausl Christina , Ahmad Rafi U. , Sasgary Maria , Doering Christopher B. , Lollar Pete , Richter Günter , Schwarz Hans Peter , Turecek Peter L. , Reipert Birgit M. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractHemophilia A in its severe form is a life-threatening hemorrhagic disease that is caused by mutations in the factor VIII (FVIII) gene (symbol F8). About 25% of patients who receive replacement therapy develop neutralizing antibodies that inhibit the function of substituted FVIII. Long-term application of high doses of FVIII has evolved as an effective therapy to eradicate the antibodies and to induce long-lasting immune tolerance. Little is known, however, about the immunologic mechanisms that cause the down-modulation of anti-FVIII antibodies by high doses of FVIII. We report that high doses of FVIII inhibit the restimulation of FVIII-specific memory B cells and their differentiation into antibody-secreting plasma cells in vitro and in vivo in a murine model of hemophilia A. The inhibition of memory B-cell responses is irreversible and not mediated by FVIII-specific T cells. Furthermore, it seems to involve the activation of caspases. We conclude that the inhibition of FVIII-specific memory B cells might be an early event in the down-modulation of anti-FVIII antibodies in patients with hemophilia A who receive high doses of FVIII.
The macular mapping test: a reliability study
Authors: Bartlett Hannah , Davies Leon N , Eperjesi Frank 
Published: August 2005

Abstract

Background
Age-related macular degeneration (ARMD) is the leading cause of visual disability in people over 60 years of age in the developed world. The success of treatment deteriorates with increased latency of diagnosis. The purpose of this study was to determine the reliability of the macular mapping test (MMT), and to investigate its potential as a screening tool.

Methods
The study population comprised of 31 healthy eyes of 31 participants. To assess reliability, four macular mapping test (MMT) measurements were taken in two sessions separated by one hour by two practitioners, with reversal of order in the second session. MMT readings were also taken from 17 age-related maculopathy (ARM), and 12 AMD affected eyes.

Results
For the normal cohort, average MMT scores ranged from 85.5 to 100.0 MMT points. Scores ranged from 79.0 to 99.0 for the ARM group and from 9.0 to 92.0 for the AMD group. MMT scores were reliable to within ± 7.0 points. The difference between AMD affected eyes and controls (z = 3.761, p = < 0.001) was significant. The difference between ARM affected eyes and controls was not significant (z = -0.216, p = 0.829).

Conclusion
The reliability data shows that a change of 14 points or more is required to indicate a clinically significant change. This value is required for use of the MMT as an outcome measure in clinical trials. Although there was no difference between MMT scores from ARM affected eyes and controls, the MMT has the advantage over the Amsler grid in that it uses a letter target, has a peripheral fixation aid, and it provides a numerical score. This score could be beneficial in office and home monitoring of AMD progression, as well as an outcome measure in clinical research.
Controlled, double-blind, randomized clinical trial to evaluate the impact of fruit juice consumption on the evolution of infants with acute diarrhea
Authors: Valois Sandra , Costa-Ribeiro Hugo , Mattos Ângela , Ribeiro Tereza Cristina , Mendes Carlos Maurício , Lifshitz Fima 
Published: August 2005

AbstractIn order to assess the effects of juice feedings during acute diarrhea a double-blind, randomized study was performed in 90 children, mean age of 10 ± 4.28 months. Thirty patients with acute diarrhea were fed twice-daily 15 ml/kg of Apple Juice (AJ), 30 received White Grape Juice (WGJ), and 30 were given colored and flavored water (WA) as part of their age appropriate dietary intake. The duration and severity of diarrhea were the main endpoint variables of the study performed in a metabolic unit. The patients were similar among the 3 groups, had diarrhea for 50–64 hours prior to admission, and were dehydrated when admitted to the unit for study. Half of the patients in each group were well nourished and the others had mild to moderate degrees of malnutrition. Rotavirus infection was the agent causing the illness in 63% of the patients. The infants fed juice ingested 14–17% more calories than those given WA, (those receiving AJ and WGJ ingested 95 and 98 Calories/Kg/d respectively) whereas those receiving WA consumed 81 cal/kg/d). The increased energy intake was not at the expense of other foods or milk formula. The mean body weight gain was greater among patients receiving WGJ (+ 50.7 gm) as compared with the patients in the AJ group (+ 18.3 gm) or the patients fed WA (- 0.7 gm) (p = 0.08). The duration of the illness was longer in the infants fed juice as compared with those given WA (p = 0.006), the mean +/- SD duration in hours was 49.4 ± 32.6, 47.5 ± 38.9 and 26.5 ± 27.4 in patients fed AJ, WGJ and WA respectively. All patients improved while ingesting juice and none of them developed persistent diarrhea; most recovered within 50 hours of the beginning of treatment and less than one fourth had diarrhea longer than 96 hours in the unit. The fecal losses were also increased among the juice fed patients (p = 0.001); the mean ± SD fecal excretion in g/kg/h was 3.94 ± 2.35, 3.59 ± 2.35, and 2.19 ± 1.63 in AJ, WGJ and WA respectively. The stool output was highest during the first day of treatment among all the patients, though those fed AJ had the highest volume of fecal losses and those who received WA had the lowest stool excretion. After the first day of treatment the differences in fecal excretion were not significant. The ability to tolerate carbohydrates during the illness and immediately after recovery was similar among the 3 groups of patients. Intake of juices with different fructose/glucose ratios and osmolarities resulted in more fecal losses and more prolonged diarrhea as compared with water feedings, but the patients given juice ingested more calories and gained more weight, particularly among those being fed the juice with equimolar concentrations of fructose and glucose.
Reversal of High dietary fructose-induced PPARα suppression by oral administration of lipoxygenase/cyclooxygenase inhibitors
Authors: Kelley Glen L , Azhar Salman 
Published: August 2005

Abstract
High fructose feeding causes diet-induced alterations of lipid metabolism and decreased insulin sensitivity, hallmark of which is a rapid and profound hypertriglyceridemia. One of the mechanisms that contribute to serum hypertriglyceridemia in this model is suppression of hepatic PPARα. HMG-CoA inhibitors, which reduce serum triglycerides in these animals, also elevate/restore hepatic PPARα. Previously we demonstrated that two known lipoxygenase/cyclooxygenase inhibitors reversed diet-induced hypertriglyceridemia in this model and that reversal of certain inflammatory markers in the liver correlated with the metabolic benefit. In this paper we extended these studies by examining the impact of these compounds on expression of PPARα, both at the level of transcription and expression. Our data show that diet-induced suppression of hepaic PPARα is reversed upon treatment with lipoxygenase/cyclooxygenase compounds. We then tested one of these compounds, BW-755c, over a range of doses from 10 mg/kg to 100 mg/kg to establish a dose-response relationship with the reduction of serum hypertriglyceridemia in this model. These experiments support the concept of using anti-inflammatory medications as one method to correct metabolic dysfunction.
Calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II, and not protein kinase C, is sufficient for triggering cell-cycle resumption in mammalian eggs
Authors: Madgwick Suzanne , Levasseur Mark , Jones Keith T. 
Published: August 2005

Mouse eggs arrest at metaphase II following ovulation and are only triggered to complete meiosis when fertilized. Sperm break the cell-cycle arrest by a long-lasting series of Ca2+ spikes that lead to an activation of the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome. The signal transduction pathway is not fully resolved but both protein kinase C (PKC) and calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CamKII) activities increase at fertilization and previous pharmacological studies have implicated both in cell-cycle resumption. We have used a combination of pharmacological inhibitors and constitutively active cRNA constructs of PKCα and CamKIIα microinjected into mouse eggs to show that it is CamKII and not PKC that is the sufficient trigger for cell-cycle resumption from metaphase II arrest.Constitutively active PKC constructs had no effect on the resumption of meiosis but caused an immediate and persistent elevation in intracellular Ca2+ when store-operated Ca2+ entry was stimulated. With respect to resumption of meiosis, the effects of constitutively active CamKII on eggs were the same as sperm. Eggs underwent second polar body extrusion and pronucleus formation with normal timings; while both securin and cyclin B1 destruction, visualised by coupling to fluorescent protein tags, were complete by the time of polar body extrusion. Induction of a spindle checkpoint by overexpression of Mad2 or by spindle poisons blocked CamKII-induced resumption of meiosis, but the Ca2+ chelator BAPTA did not. Furthermore direct measurement of Ca2+ levels showed that CamKII did not induce exit from metaphase II arrest by raising Ca2+. Therefore, we conclude that PKCs may play an important role in maintaining Ca2+ spiking at fertilization by promoting store-operated Ca2+ entry, while CamKII transduces cell-cycle resumption, and lies downstream of sperm-induced Ca2+ release but upstream of a spindle checkpoint. These data, combined with the knowledge that CamKII activity increase at fertilization, suggest that mouse eggs undergo cell-cycle resumption through stimulation of CamKII.
Antidepressant-Induced Adverse Reactions in a Patient with Hemorrhagic Stroke
Authors: Bogdanovic Zoran , Nalamati Jhansi R , Kilcullen John K , Dhuper Sunil 
Published: August 2005

Objective: To report a case of antidepressant-induced adverse drug reactions in a patient with hemorrhagic stroke. Case Summary: A 56-year-old man developed life-threatening adverse reactions after fluoxetine was added to his previously prescribed regimen of buspirone and olanzapine. One week after starting fluoxetine 60 mg/day, the patient developed syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion and serotonin syndrome concurrently. The patient had experienced a hemorrhagic stroke before the adverse drug reactions occurred. DISCUSSION: A patient with a history of hemorrhagic stroke developed serious adverse drug reactions when fluoxetine was added to his drug therapy. When the combination therapy was stopped, all adverse effects gradually disappeared and laboratory abnormalities were corrected. The likelihood that the adverse reactions were caused by fluoxetine is probable according to the Naranjo probability scale. In addition, a history of stroke may be a risk factor for the development of such reactions. CONCLUSIONS: Today, patients with depression after experiencing a stroke are treated more effectively, but antidepressant-induced adverse drug reactions may be serious. A growing number of patients are treated for post-stroke depression; they require close supervision and careful dosing of antidepressants to prevent full-blown adverse reactions from occurring.
Cut Performance Fundamentals and Norms Harmonization
Authors: Rebouillat S , Steffenino B 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe cut performance of articles made of high performance materials is currently evaluated using several norm procedures. These tend to diverge, in their predictiveness of the “real” in use performance of the considered protective articles, when the cut resistance of the compounding fiber increases. Although relationships exist between the various cut performance levels obtained using ASTM, ISO, and EN norms, the ASTM and ISO approaches remain the most suitable methods for cut level exceeding 3, as defined by the European EN388 standard, this normalized cut resistance measurement procedure is part of the ANSI/ISEA 105-2000 guidance. Various studies, such as the effect of the cutting speed and the speed profile, the force distributions, the artefacts generated by various spot coatings, etc., aim at improving the interpretation of the measured cut level. Therewith, substantial potential improvements of the cut fundamental understanding and the norm harmonization are brought to the attention of the end-users of mechanically resistant articles made of high performance fibers, such as para-aramid.
Obtaining Creep Compliance Parameters Accurately from Static or Cyclic Creep Tests
Authors: Kim J , Roque R , Birgisson B 
Published: August 2005

Abstract
Obtaining creep compliance parameters that accurately represent the creep response of asphalt mixtures is critical for proper evaluation of the thermal cracking performance, as well as load induced cracking performance of asphalt pavements. A power law, which uses three parameters to describe the creep compliance curve, is commonly used for asphalt mixtures. However, the specific values of the parameters obtained can depend on both the testing and the data interpretation methods used. Different testing methods (for example, static versus cyclic creep) offer different advantages and disadvantages related to complexity in testing, as well as in the sensitivity of the data obtained from each test to the compliance parameters of interest. In general, cyclic creep tests provide greater sensitivity and accuracy at shorter loading times, while static creep tests are more accurate and reliable for the determination of the long-term creep response.
Post-Irradiation Tensile Behavior and Residual Activity of Several Ferritic/Martensitic and Austenitic Steels Irradiated in Osiris Reactor at 325°C up to 9 dpa
Authors: de Carlan Y , Averty X , Brachet J-C , Bertin J-L , Rozenblum F , Rabouille O , Bougault A 
Published: August 2005

AbstractAn experimental irradiation, named “Alexandre,” has been carried out in the Osiris experimental reactor to perform a generic study on the mechanical behavior after irradiation at 325°C of different kinds of steels suitable for use as irradiated components in a nuclear reactor [1]. The irradiated steels were austenitic stainless, martensitic (conventional and reduced activation), and ferritic-martensitic Oxide Dispersion Strengthened steels in various initial metallurgical conditions. The final dose was 9 dpa, which represents nearly a “saturation” dose for the hardening/embrittlement of both austenitic and martensitic steels. At this dose, the Yield Strength and the Ultimate Tensile Strengths are almost equal, and strong localization of the plastic deformation is often observed.After irradiation, as-quenched martensitic steels exhibit very large tensile strengths, and some of them show ductility parameters comparable with those of the tempered martensitic steels. At 9 dpa, the behavior of cold-worked steels tends to be similar to that of tempered steels with a more pronounced localization of the deformation. This indicates that the recovery of the cold-worked microstructure is not achieved at 9 dpa. Certain martensitic steels (MANET II and HT9) show tendencies to brittle behavior and exhibit a considerable degradation of their ductility parameters after irradiation. The behavior of the most chromium-rich ferritic steel (ODS-MA957) is quite surprising. It exhibits moderate hardening and good post-irradiation ductility parameters.Measurements of the dose rate have been performed after several cooling-times, of up to 53 months after unloading, to study the radioactive decay of the steels. Experimental data show that the reduced activation steels exhibit the lowest residual activity and the highest rate of relative activity decrease (90 %) during the cooling period.
Delayed Hydrogen Cracking Velocity and J-Integral Measurements on Irradiated BWR Cladding
Authors: Grigoriev V , Jakobsson R 
Published: August 2005

Abstract
Propagation of an axial crack has been characterized by means of the Pin-Loading Tension (PLT) test. The same experimental arrangement is used for the Delayed Hydrogen Cracking (DHC) and for the J-integral measurements. The DHC tests are performed under variable temperature and/or load conditions simulating a variable PCMI. Tests have been performed in air on unirradiated SRA Zircaloy-4 tubing and irradiated BWR Zircaloy-2 cladding containing from 30–350 ppm of hydrogen. Variable loading facilitates DHC: in the experiment at 300°C a crack velocity as high as 9.3·10−7 m/s (80 mm/day) has been observed for irradiated cladding. V-K curves or diagrams of DHC crack velocity, V, as a function of stress-intensity factor, K, are suggested for different BWR claddings. Despite a limited amount of tests, the V-K curves appear to depend on the type of cladding. DHC does occur at much lower stress intensities compared to the Kc converted from the J0.2 values, confirming DHC to be the dominating secondary failure crack propagation mechanism in BWR cladding.
Effect of Installation Details on the Condensation Performance of Window Frames
Authors: Kudder RJ , Babich SK , Johnson DK 
Published: August 2005

Abstract
Industry standard tests and calculation methods under laboratory conditions are used to determine a Condensation Resistance Factor (CRF) for window frames. The CRF is one of several performance parameters used to select fenestration products for specific conditions of exposure and occupancy. Colder climates and higher interior humidity typically require fenestration products with higher CRFs. The CRF by itself is not necessarily a predictor of the ability of a window frame to resist interior surface condensation due to thermal bridges or breaches in thermal breaks created by installation details, rough opening materials, and surrounding wall details. This paper explores the affect of installation details on the interior surface temperature of metal window frames, and indirectly, the likelihood of surface condensation on the frame.
Corrosion Resistance, Mechanical Properties, Fatigue Properties, and Tissue Response of Ti-15Zr-4Nb-4Ta Alloy
Authors: Okazaki Y , Gotoh E 
Published: August 2005

Abstract
Ti, Zr, Nb, and Ta are biocompatible elements. A Ti-15Zr-4Ta-4Nb alloy for medical implants is being developed. In terms of in vitro cytocompatibility, the new bone tissue response to the Ti-15Zr-4Ta-4Nb alloy determined through rat tibia implantation was equal to or better than that to the Ti-6Al-4V alloy. An acceptable level of biological response can be expected when this alloy is used appropriately because it consists of biocompatible elements and has excellent biocompatibility, corrosion resistance, microstructure, and mechanical and fatigue properties. Therefore, the Ti-15Zr-4Ta-4Nb alloy with a low metal release rate is considered advantageous for long-term surgical implants.
Neutron Flux Effect on the Irradiation Hardening of Type 304 Stainless Steel
Authors: Torimaru T , Kodama M , Tanaka S , Nakamura T , Asano K , Kumagai K 
Published: August 2005

AbstractIn order to investigate the neutron flux effect on the irradiation hardening of type 304 stainless steel, microstructure observation, tensile test, and micro Vickers hardness test were performed on the type 304 stainless steel irradiated to 1.6 × 1024−1.4 × 1026 n/m2 in LWRs, (flux 3.4 × 1015−5.6 × 1017 n/m2/s). The tensile test was carried out in air at 288°C, and the hardness test was also carried out in air, but at room temperature. The amount of irradiation hardening increased with increasing neutron flux. The amount of irradiation hardening was proportional to the 0.25th power of neutron flux. Dislocation loop density increased with increasing neutron flux, and mean diameter had hardly any dependence on neutron flux. From the above, the neutron flux dependence of dislocation loop density could be said to be the main factor controlling irradiation hardening under LWR irradiation conditions. The amount of irradiation hardening of type 304 stainless steel used in LWR is expected to be lower than the predicted amount from higher flux irradiated materials.
A New Low Cost Method For Measuring the Viscoelastic Behavior of Adhesives
Authors: Moonay DJ , McGregor RG , Mastria RA 
Published: August 2005

Abstract
A rotational benchtop Rheometer with vane spindles can be used to measure the static yield stress behavior of materials. By running at different rotational speeds, the Rheometer data can be equated with the viscoelastic information determined by an oscillating rheometer. The rotational Rheometer offers a less expensive method suitable for Quality Control needs.
Method for Quantifying Percentage Wood Failure in Block-Shear Specimens by a Laser Scanning Profilometer
Authors: Scott CT , Hernandez R , Frihart C , Gleisner R , Tice T 
Published: August 2005

Abstract
A new method for quantifying percentage wood failure of an adhesively bonded block-shear specimen has been developed. This method incorporates a laser displacement gage with an automated two-axis positioning system that functions as a highly sensitive profilometer. The failed specimen is continuously scanned across its width to obtain a surface failure profile. The laser is then moved incrementally along the length of the specimen and repeatedly scanned to obtain a three-dimensional digital profile of the surface. This digital profile can then be reconstructed and analyzed with appropriate software. Special algorithms are used to quantify percentage wood failure and degree of wood failure (depth of wood failure) and to recognize various surface anomalies, such as bondline voids. This paper presents exploratory data on several different types of wood failures and correlates these measurements to the visual inspections of skilled evaluators. The device is very sensitive to most observed failures, particularly those with deep wood failure. However, shallow failures close to the bondline can be problematic. The algorithms allow a “roughness” tolerance to be specified to characterize these surfaces. This new method will be useful for automating measurement of wood failure in block-shear specimens with good precision and repeatability.