bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Social and Cultural Contexts of Music Teaching and Learning: An Introduction
Authors: Mccarthy Marie 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Consideration of social and cultural influences has always been important to understanding the music teaching and learning process. During the first half of the 20th century, education scholars John Dewey and Lev Vygotsky and music educators James Mursell, Paul Farnsworth, and Charles Seeger brought distinctive social and cultural perspectives to bear on this complex phenomenon. Paradigm shifts in the mid- and late-20th century have further expanded awareness of the interdependence of social, cultural, and cognitive factors in human development and, thus, in music teaching and learning. This broadening of horizons is now beginning to penetrate the philosophies and theories that underlie practices of music education, and it is quite evident in the diversity of topics included in this part of the Handbook. A complex array of factors has historically diminished the importance of sociology as a conceptual lens for understanding music education, giving it less prominence than philosophy, history, and psychology. Thus, a research tradition with a clearly delineated sociological focus is underdeveloped in the profession, although studies investigating the role of motivation in music learning and the development of musical preferences stand as notable exceptions. Certain developments in the last 10 to 15 years, however, have nurtured and facilitated the completion and dissemination of research focused on music education as a social and cultural phenomenon. First and foremost has been the move toward a more democratic curriculum and pedagogy that embodies the diversity of students’ social, cultural, and musical values. Second, music education philosophers are increasingly coming to view music as social action and to consider music teaching and learning as a process that is embedded in social and cultural values and meanings. Third, theoretical perspectives originating in social constructivism, social transmission and transformation theories, critical theory, and situated cognition, among others, are providing new lenses to investigate life in classrooms and other music education settings.
The Sociology of Education and Connections to Music Education Research
Authors: Paul Stephen J , Ballantine Jeanne H 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
From popular culture to “high” culture and throughout history, much can be learned from how music functions within cultural contexts and how individuals in culture are taught and learn about music. Although sociologists have long recognized that music is an important part of any culture (Etzkorn, 1989, p. xiii), the sociology of music and the sociology of music education have become recognized fields in their own right only recently (Rideout, 1997a). Likewise, musicologists increasingly tap into the sociological literature for insight into the historical, social, and political contexts of music. The emerging links portend an exciting collaboration among sociologists, musicologists, and music educators (Hilliard, 2000). The subfield of the sociology of education provides a direct link to music education through discussions of theory and research methods. In the pages that follow we address several important topics: (1) the nature and scope of the sociology of education, (2) the historical background of the sociology of education, (3) key topics in the sociology of education, (4) theoretical streams in the sociology of education, (5) method and methodology in the sociology of education and music education, (6) the development of the sociology of music education, and (7) suggestions for a future research agenda in the sociology of music education.
Perspectives from the Sociology of Music
Authors: Mueller Renate 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Sociology of music is the application and development of sociological theories and methodologies to investigate musical behavior and attitudes as social action in dialogue with disciplines such as musicology and music education. This chapter focuses on sociological perspectives of music that are relevant to music education. The first step will be to shed some light on contemporary sociological debates and their implications for sociology of music. Second, historical sociological perspectives on musical behavior are presented in relation to the aforementioned debates. Third, contemporary perspectives on culture and media are briefly discussed. Fourth, contemporary perspectives from sociology of music are covered theoretically and accompanied by examples of research studies. Appropriate research methods to investigate musical decisions and interactions in sociocultural contexts are also discussed. Finally, some aspects of a sociological orientation of music education are addressed. This chapter does not aim to provide a complete overview of the sociology of music, since the field is still characterized by confusion and lack of agreement on such basic questions as subject matter and methodology, as described by Blomster (1976) 25 years ago. The interrelationship of youth, music, and culture is thought to be most relevant to music education, especially since young people’s music and the ways they interact with music are to a great extent still ignored and devalued in music education. The sociology of music is the study of the role of music in various cultures, and in today’s societies many cultures exist side by side. Therefore, the general theoretical perspectives presented in this chapter are applicable to other important issues in the field, such as the cultures of the elderly, of professional musicians, and of music educators.
Strengthening the Teaching of Music Educators in Higher Education
Authors: Wilcox Susan , Upitis Rena 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Teaching in higher education brings unique challenges to music education, as it involves the bridging of the higher education cultures of universities and colleges with the complexities of contemporary music education. Consequently, this chapter focuses on the research on teaching in higher education in general as well as on specific issues that arise in the domain of music education. It is presented in three sections that discuss, respectively: the challenges of teaching in music education as influenced by the nature of university and college programs and the background experience of music educators; the development of faculty members’ expertise in teaching, including the preparation of graduate teaching assistants; and strategies for fostering the teaching of university and college music educators.
Introduction
Authors: Mark Michael L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Music educators, like visual art, dance, and theater teachers, find themselves in a paradoxical age. Music education thrives in schools, performance standards continue to rise with each new generation of students, and the demand for new music teachers increases each year. The paradox is that, in this time of plenty, a belief in the nonmusical power of music education has spread throughout the country, persuading politicians, education policy-makers, and the general public that children who study music tend to perform better in other subjects. There is a research base that supports this belief. There is also a research base that contradicts it. In any case, the belief in nonmusical values of music instruction has added a new facet to music education, one that is good for the profession and that, ironically, threatens the core belief of many music educators who are adamant that the principal benefit of their profession lies in the development of aesthetic sensitivity to music. Nonmusical values of music education have guided the profession throughout Western history. For well over 2,000 years, music education has played many roles, including supporting religious, intellectual, and physical aspects of life and promoting community, whether in the form of nationalism or ethnic society. Music educators have proven during this long history that music can indeed do these things. It was not until the 20th century, however, that the profession of music education began to argue that the true value of the study of music was in the music itself and how individuals respond to it. Regardless of what people believed, it was not until recently that research findings related to psychological and neurological responses have allowed music educators to offer a rationale based on solid scientific support.
A Native American Encyclopedia
Authors: Pritzker Barry M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Dispelling myths, answering questions, and stimulating thoughtful avenues for further inquiry, this highly absorbing reference provides a wealth of specific information about over 200 North American Indian groups in Canada and the United States. Readers will easily access important historical and contemporary facts about everything from notable leaders and relations with non-natives to customs, dress, dwellings, weapons, government, and religion. This book is at once exhaustive and captivating, covering myriad aspects of a people spread across a continent. Divided into ten geographic areas for easy reference, this work illustrates each Native American group in careful detail. Listed alphabetically, starting with the tribal name, translation, origin, and definition, each entry includes significant facts about the group's location and population, as well as impressive accounts of the group's history and culture. Bringing entries up-to-date, Barry Pritzker also presents current information on each group's government, economy, legal status, and land holdings. Whether interpreting the term "tribe" (many traditional Native American groups were not tribes at all but more like extended families) or describing how a Shoshone woman served as a guide on the Lewis and Clark expedition, Pritzker always presents the material in a clear and lively manner. In light of past and ongoing injustices and the momentum of Indian and Inuit self-determination movements, an understanding of Native American cultures as well as their contributions to contemporary society becomes increasingly important. A magnificent resource, this book liberally provides the essential information necessary to better grasp the history and cultures of North American Indians.
California
Authors: Pritzker Barry M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
California,” in the context of this chapter, corresponds approximately to the present state of California. It omits the southeastern deserts because the Indian cultures of those deserts are usually considered part of the Southwest. Nor does it cover the region east of the Sierra Nevada (Great Basin), the extreme northeast of the state (Plateau), or Baja California (Mexico). The region contains two great mountain ranges, the Coastal and the Sierra Nevada; two major rivers, the Sacramento and the San Joaquin, and many minor river systems; roughly 1,100 miles of coast; interior semidesert; and, at least before the nineteenth century, huge areas of grassland in the central valleys. Much of California’s climate may be categorized as Mediterranean, with the north, west, and highlands in general receiving more precipitation than the south, east, and lowlands.
The Life And Early Career Of Thomas East
Authors: Smith Jeremy L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Lives of East’s more famous contemporaries, such as Shakespeare and Marlowe, are so notoriously undocumented that entire books have been devoted to filling in the sketchy outlines. While East’s case will never reach Shakespearean levels of interest or controversy, in its own quiet way it, too, has stirred up a fair amount of speculation and confusion over the years. One older theory had it that East was an Italian emigre, based on his tendency to favor the spelling “Este:’ Another rather popular conjecture was that Thomas East was the father of Michael East, the prominent com poser of the early Stuart era.The younger East was indeed conspicuously well published and had had his first book of music printed by his reputed father.
Bibliographical Issues: East’s Music Print shop And Chronological Puzzles
Authors: Smith Jeremy L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Sometime around 1587, the stationer East and the composer Byrd worked out a business arrangement whereby East became Byrd’s official and only assign in his music publishing enterprise. This was the career decision that would eventually secure East a place in music history, but it was a rather risky move at the time. As the stationer Christopher Barker officially reported to the queen’s Privy Council in 1582, Byrd produced music books that were among the most unrewarding commodities protected by royal patents. East may not have been as discouraged by this as prudence would seem to dictate-the scope of Byrd’s grant was so broad that it overlapped the jurisdiction of the royal patent specifically designed for psalmbooks with music.
Music Publishing During Byrd’s Monopoly (1588-1593) PART I: Byrd’s Publishing Agenda
Authors: Smith Jeremy L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In 1588, for reasons that probably had very little to do with the English navy’s defeat of the Spanish Armada, East printed two large volumes of music, Byrd’s Psalmes, Sonets & Songs and an anthology titled Musica Transalpina which consisted of Italian madrigals translated into English. Thus, as the nation itself was celebrating its victory at sea with a surge of nationalistic pride, East brought an unprecedented amount of English and Englished music by Italian composers to the London marketplace. That same year East also produced five books of scholarship and general literature, which included two editions he apparently published himself It was one of his most productive years and one in which his press produced an output of books with unusually varied topics.If this seemed to point to a future career of greater variety, such a policy was soon to change. In the following year, except for some possible involvement with the issue of a sermon for another printer, East produced musical works exclusively.
Music Printing During Byrd’s Monopoly (1588-1593) PART II: The Benefits To East
Authors: Smith Jeremy L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
As music monopolist, Byrd had personal goals that shaped much of the enterprise of music publishing in England. His interests began with his own music, and only after he considered that music did he consider other music publications that might advance his own standing or that of his friends and colleagues. Especially when producing Byrd’s music, East was probably inconvenienced by the composer’s unusual capacity to control the presentation of his music in print. Byrd fostered an experimental yet meticulous approach to the accuracy and integrity of his musical texts, seemingly at the expense of Easts labor.
The Emergence of Minds 1n Space and Time
Authors: Hattiangadi Jagdish 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Is it incoherent to claim that minds emerged as irreducible causal agents in the physical universe as we know it? Jaegwon Kim, in a very careful, general, and thorough analysis of the concept of supervenience, has suggested that it is (Kim, 1993). After remarking upon the intuitive attraction of doctrines of emergence, he issues a challenge to produce a coherent account of emergence that can allow for the realization of the causal powers of emergent entities like minds while allowing, in some sense of that word, for “physicalism.” It is perhaps the most thorough analysis of the concept of supervenience in the literature, is therefore deserving of careful study, and requires a response. In this chapter, I will show that Kim’s analysis is quite cogent if we assume a certain deterministic conception of physics that was prevalent in the later eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, known as Newtonian or classical physics.
“Brown-Eyed Handsome Man”
Authors: Altschuler Glenn C 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The emergence of rock ’n’ roll as a cultural phenomenon coincided with great ferment in the movement to grant civil rights to African Americans. Enmeshed in the racial politics of the 1950s, rock ’n’ roll was credited with and criticized for promoting integration and economic opportunity for blacks while bringing to “mainstream” culture black styles and values. In the South, rock’ roll became a lightning rod for die-hard segregationists who associated the music—and African Americans—with depraved beliefs and behavior.
Shades of Green
Authors: Steinberg Ted 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Spontaneous combustion is not something that is supposed to happen to a river, unless it happens to be the Cuyahoga, an 80-mile long stream that cuts through the center of Cleveland, Ohio, before debouching into Lake Erie. The worst fire on the Cuyahoga raged through a shipyard, seriously burned three tugboats, and resulted in excess of 500,000 dollars in damage. Exactly what caused the river to ignite that day is not totally clear. What is clear is that water was not the only substance flowing in the river that day. “We have photographs that show nearly six inches of oil on the river,” Bernard Mulcahy, a fire prevention expert, said after the blaze.
Cell Senescence in Aging
Authors: Fossel Michael B 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Defining cell senescence is surprisingly difficult. Current discussions often confuse telomere length, population doublings, and cell morphology, prompting misunderstanding and contradiction. Degree of senescence is frequently ignored, with similar outcomes. One person’s senescence is another’s normal cell. As Voltaire (1764, p 225) said, “Define your terms … or we shall never understand one another.”
Community Practice Theories and Skills for Social Workers
Authors: Hardcastle David A , Powers Patricia R , Wenocur Stanley 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Community Practice is a comprehensive resource for social workers and students eager to learn how to practice effectively in complex systems and diverse communities. In this completely revised edition of the definitive text in the field, the authors have thoroughly updated each chapter and added two entirely new chapters on community building and community organizing. New material on topics such as negotiation and mediation, community advocacy, participatory rural appraisal, the narrative approach to social change, community involvement, representative client boards, and the latest in grassroots endeavors make this text as inspiring as it is practical. Drawing upon the wealth of information available from local organizations, the Internet, newspapers, and academic journals, the authors introduce contemporary experiments and analyze classic modes of community practice and change. The content, exercises, and references offer instructors the flexibility necessary to tailor their courses to undergraduate, graduate, and doctoral level students. This new edition will continue to provide a comprehensive and integrated overview of the theory and skills fundamental to all areas of social work practice. Broad in scope, it offers students as well as practitioners the tools necessary to promote the welfare of individuals and communities.
Sampling and Sample Size
Authors: Valente Thomas w. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
One or the first questions asked of the evaluator is: “What size sample is needed for the evaluation?” It is assumed that sample size will be the primary determinant of cost of the evaluation, but this may not the case, since questionnaire construction and data analysis arc often just as costly. Furthermore, it is the procedures of sample selection, not the size, that matter both in terms of cost and interpreting the results. Evaluators need to understand how to develop strategics for sample selection and determine the sample size needed to conduct a valid evaluation.
Statistical Analysis
Authors: Valente Thomas w. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The ability to conduct statistical analysis is perceived to be a significant barrier to evaluation. Stutistic. is an applied branch of mathematics for describing and analyzing data. Some researchers feel that statistical analysis is reductionist, and difficult to learn, yet basic statistical knowledge is valuable and essential to an evaluation. Excellent introductions to statistical analysis in social and behavioral research can be found in Healy (2001), Loether and McTavish (1980), Blalock (1988), Williams (1986), among others, and more advanced treatments can be found in Rosner (2000), Pedhauzer (1982), and Harris (1985).
Sound Advice
Authors: Bartle Jean Ashworth 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Always a vital part of community cultural life, children’s choirs can be small amateur clubs or sophisticated arts organizations on a par with adult professional choirs and orchestras. Whatever a choir’s size and ambitions, its director faces a formidable challenge. Jean Ashworth Bartle, director of the award-winning Toronto Children’s Chorus, has collected her experience and wisdom in Sound Advice. In a clear and direct style, the book offers tips on basics such as conducting fun, effective rehearsals and advanced projects including recording and touring. Stressing that the choir director’s fundamental task is to develop musicianship through singing, Bartle suggests skill-building exercises and interactive rehearsal techniques. The book’s appendixes form a sourcebook of warm-ups, repertoire, and suggested programmes, providing several seasons’ worth of inspiration. For teachers just starting out with their choirs, students of the child voice and teaching methods, and experienced choir directors seeking to take their students one step further, Sound Advice will benefit all choir directors who want their choirs to reach a higher level of artistry, musicianship and skill.
The Audition Process
Authors: Bartle Jean Ashworth 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The more knowledge you have about the children you teach, the more effective you will be. Whether you are teaching a class of thirty singers or training a large choir of a hundred and thirty, the time spent getting to know each child will be well invested. It is important to know each one by name. It is important to know who the leaders are and where the musical strength lies. It is important for the students to know that you always have their best interests at heart and everything you are trying to do is for their benefit. You will gain their respect and trust initially by getting to know each of them.
Recording, Commissioning, and Touring
Authors: Bartle Jean Ashworth 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter outlines three important aspects of community children’s choir work: recording sessions, commissioning new works, and touring. All are vitally important, not only for the enjoyment of the singers and the musical growth of the choir but also for meeting the organization’s responsibility to the greater community.
This summary is not intended to be a technical manual on microphone placement and recording technique. For that kind of detail, it would be advisable to consult a professional music producer or recording engineer, your local library, or the Internet. (The microphone manufacturer Shure has a wealth of information available on its Web site.) Experienced producers/engineers can lend an impartial set of ears to the performance and will follow music scores as the sessions proceed. They will keep a log of which “takes” have been successful and which passages need to be repeated. They will also be able to assess when it is possible to edit between separate performances to achieve a good “composite” performance.
Introduction
Authors: Thau Michael 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
If we look at what philosophers of mind have been saying over the last twenty or thirty years, underneath many of the arguments and counterexamples-indeed, I think it’s fair to say underlying most of the contention -we’11 find a detailed and (at least on the surface) remarkably coherent account of the structure of mental phenomena; we’ll find what has become the precise object of philosophical desire: namely, a theory.