bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ASSOCIATION OF EVERYDAY LIFE INFORMATION ACQUISITION METHODS AND DEPRESSION AMONG US OLDER ADULTS
Authors: Dong Wuyi , Su Yan-Jhu , Alberth Andrew 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Everyday life information acquisition refers to the incidental ways people obtain information through daily activities such as reading, watching television, or communicating with friends rather than through intentional or purposive information seeking behaviors. It has been identified as a fundamental way to obtain informational resources and is a potential means to promote social connections and engagement among older adults. Research has shown that social engagement and connections are protective factors of depression for older adults. However, little research has explored how information seeking behaviors effect risks of depression among older adults. To fill this gap in the literature and provide insights into the mechanism of information access impacts the mental health of older adults, this study examines the relationships between different ways for obtaining daily information (reading, using computer, and watching television) and depression among older adults in United States. The data retrieved from 2018’s Health and Retirement Study (HRS). We multiple linear regression analyses on HRS data including adults age 50 years and older (n=3,179). After adjusting for age, gender, race, marital status, education, and chronic diseases, all three different ways to obtaining daily information (reading, using computer, and watching television) were negatively associated with depression (β=-0.19, p&lt; 0.001; β=-0.15, p=0.002; β=-0.15, p&lt; 0.001, respectively). Findings suggest that the association between everyday life information acquisition and depression among older adults varies depending on the specific information acquisition methods used. These findings highlight the importance of implementing targeted interventions to promote effective information access and enhance social inclusion among older adults.
EMOTIONAL CLOSENESS, SOCIAL NETWORK, NEGATIVE AND POSITIVE AFFECTS, AND AGITATION IN OLDER ADULTS WITH DEMENTIA
Authors: Rababa Mohammad 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background
If given a choice, people with dementia (PWD) would prefer to live in their homes instead of nursing homes. Living in older adults’ own houses would positively impact their quality of life and be associated with more privacy, security, and social support. In addition, living in a nursing home is not culturally and religiously accepted, especially in a religious and conservative country like Jordan. However, with increased financial obligations and hardships in Jordan, women are forced to work outsides their houses. Therefore, PWD stay alone in their homes without care or attention. This neglect would put PWD at significant risk for adverse physical and psychosocial health consequences. Method: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on a convenience sample of 102 Jordanian PWD (51 Community-dwelling older adults and 51 NH residents) to examine the association of their emotional closeness and social networks with agitation and positive and negative affects. Result: The finding of this study based on an independent samples t-test showed that NH residents were significantly more likely to have physically non-aggressive behaviors than community-dwelling older adults. The study showed that the PWD’s sex (male), higher educational levels, and patients with a family member in the healthcare field are associated significantly with their mean positive affects score.

Conclusion
Future research would consider exploring potential factors associated with agitation and affect in PWD. Experimental studies that intend to increase the levels of social support and emotional closeness, thus alleviating negative affect and levels of agitation, are recommended in the future.
SOCIAL ISOLATION AND COGNITIVE FUNCTION: FOCUSING ON RACE/ETHNIC DIFFERENCES FROM THE NHATS STUDY
Authors: Taani Murad , Lee Yura , Ellis Julie , Cho Chi , Hammouri Ammar 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Social isolation has negative associations with various health outcomes including cognitive function. However, limited research exists delineating the effect of social isolation on cognition using population-based longitudinal data. Moreover, little is known whether there are any race/ethnic differences in this social isolation-cognition relationship. We examined the effects of social isolation on cognitive function and explored the moderating role of race/ethnicity using longitudinal data of 4381 older adults from two waves of NHATS (2015 and 2018). Social isolation was measured by addressing four domains of network and integration: (a) marriage or partnership, (b) family and friends, (c) church participation, and (d) club participation (score range: 0 - 6). A higher score indicates more social isolation. Cognitive function was measured using the composite score of three domains: memory, orientation, and executive function (range: 0 - 33), with higher scores indicating better cognitive function. Repeated-measures ANOVA showed a significant relationship between social isolation and cognitive function. Specifically, the greater the social isolation, the lower the cognitive function. We found significant differences in cognitive function scores across race/ethnic groups. Non-Hispanic White showed higher cognitive function than non-Hispanic black, Hispanics, and other races. Non-Hispanic black and other races also showed significantly higher scores than Hispanics. The findings also showed that the cognitive function score significantly decreased over a 4- year period. There was no moderating effect of race/ethnicity found between social isolation and cognitive function. Interventions are needed to reduce social isolation by facilitating social participation in community activities, thereby protecting against cognitive decline.
THE MODERATING ROLE OF SOCIAL SUPPORT IN THE RELATION BETWEEN FUNCTIONAL LIMITATIONS AND DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS
Authors: Lim Junyub , Kim Giyeon 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Prior research has demonstrated that social support from friends and neighbors can effectively reduce depressive symptoms. However, few studies have investigated how the characteristics of these relationships can alleviate depressive symptoms among older adults with functional limitations. Therefore, the present study aims to investigate the moderating effects of characteristics of friends and neighbors relationships on the link between functional limitations and depressive symptoms among Korean older adults.

Methods
The data used for analyses were obtained from the 2020 Survey of Living Conditions and Welfare Needs of Korean Older Persons, a nationally representative survey. The sample included a total of 9,985 individuals who were 65 years of age or older residing in Korea.

Results
Results from the moderator analyses revealed that the link between functional limitations and depressive symptoms was influenced by both the number of close friends and neighbors (b = -0.085, p &lt; .01) and the level of satisfaction with relationships with friends and communities (b = 2.052, p &lt; .05).

Discussion
Satisfaction with relationships with friends and communities may act as a protective factor that mitigates the impact of functional limitations on depressive symptoms. In particular, for older adults with functional limitations, having a larger network of friends and neighbors network is expected to help reduce the risk of depressive symptoms.
ANALYSIS OF CONVERSATIONAL ENTRAINMENT AMONG OLDER PERSONS WITH ADRD AND UNIMPAIRED ADULTS
Authors: Williams Christine , McKinley Joseph , Cooper Charles , Erdol Nurgun , Beetle Christopher 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Social isolation threatens the health of older adults, particularly those with Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD). Our research uses measures of behavioral coordination to quantify the entrainment of an individual’s behavior to the collective dynamics of a group to which they belong, aiming to identify useful strategies to reduce social isolation for persons with ADRD in therapeutic group contexts. The present study is based on data collected during 27, 30-minute group therapy sessions conducted biweekly via WebEx by staff facilitators at a university-affiliated Memory and Wellness Center (MWC) in 2021, when CoViD-19 restrictions limited patients’ access to existing, in-person day programs. We study conversational entrainment among facilitators and participants in the recorded sessions using previously identified measures such as speech duration; voiced and voiceless interval durations; variations in pitch, intensity, and syllabic rate; and turn breaks. We present preliminary results identifying dynamical characteristics of sessions showing greater and lesser degrees of group social engagement before discussing possible strategies facilitators could use to enhance social coordination within therapy groups. The mental health benefits of professionally facilitated supportive group discussions for older adults with ADRD are well-accepted. Measuring conversational entrainment has the potential to provide quantitative evidence of cognitive benefits for persons with ADRD, and to help shape a therapeutic environment tailored to the needs of this vulnerable population.
NURSES’ PAIN ASSESSMENT AND TREATMENT OUTCOMES IN NURSING HOME RESIDENTS WITH DEMENTIA AND APATHY
Authors: Liao Yo-Jen , Jao Ying-Ling , Berish Diane , Boltz Marie 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Pain is often undermanaged in nursing home (NH) residents with dementia-related apathy; an understanding of related nursing practices is warranted. This descriptive study examined nurses’ pain assessment and treatment outcomes in NH residents with dementia and apathy. A two-week chart review of nursing progress notes was extracted. Residents’ apathy measured by the Apathy Evaluation Scale (AES) of at least 40 was required. Descriptive and correlation statistical analyses were performed. Seventeen residents were recruited from three NHs; only one NH required daily pain assessment. All residents had pain-related diagnoses (mean=3), with Gastro-esophageal reflux disease and arthritis being the two most common diagnoses. Thirty-four pain-related documentations were identified in progress notes, with 19 pain-related events (e.g., falls, tooth extraction). Among the 19 events, 4 had follow-up documentation of pain management, while the other 15 did not. Among the 34 pain-related documentations, only six described residents’ behaviors, and three used a pain assessment tool (Numeric Rating Scale). More frequent as-needed analgesic administration was associated with lower agitation (-0.56, p&lt; 0.05), yet this association was not found in scheduled analgesic use. Residents who reported pain more frequently received more as-needed analgesics (0.63, p&lt; 0.01). Resident apathy levels were not correlated with analgesic prescriptions. Altogether, nurses recognized residents’ pain reports. As-needed analgesic use correlated with better pain management outcomes; however, pain-related events were not adequately followed up and/or documented. More research is needed to examine the association between nursing pain management practices and resident outcomes in this population.
ASSOCIATIONS THAT FITNESS AND BODY MASS INDEX HAVE WITH DEFICIT ACCUMULATION FRAILTY
Authors: Espeland Mark , Houston Denise , Wing Rena , Simpson Felicia , Olson KayLoni 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Lower cardiorespiratory fitness and obesity may accelerate aging processes. The degree to which changes in fitness and body mass index (BMI) may alter the rate of aging may be important for promoting lifestyle changes. We assessed cross-sectional and longitudinal associations that cardiorespiratory fitness and BMI had with a deficit accumulation frailty index (FI). Fitness (based on standardized graded exercise tests) and weight (to calculate BMI) were collected at baseline and year 4 from 3,944 participants, ages 45-76 years, in the Action for Health in Diabetes (Look AHEAD) randomized controlled clinical trial. A validated 38-item FI was used as a marker of aging. Associations between baseline levels and changes in fitness and BMI with changes in FI were assessed using linear models. Both baseline and 4-year changes in fitness and BMI were independently associated with 4-year changes in frailty (all p&lt; 0.001). Participants with the greatest fitness increase and BMI loss tended to have improvements (i.e., decreases) in FI: mean [95% confidence interval] changes -0.019 [-0.024,-0.013]. Those with the greatest fitness loss and increases in BMI tended to have worsening (increased) FI: 0.029 [0.024,0.034]. Associations of 4-year changes in fitness and BMI with FI changes were similar across subgroups based on age, gender, baseline BMI, diabetes duration, and cardiovascular disease history. Increased fitness across 4 years was associated with less FI accumulation independent of baseline fitness. Adults with type 2 diabetes and overweight or obesity may slow aging processes by increasing their cardiorespiratory fitness and losing weight.
METABOLOMIC SIGNATURES PREDICT HEALTHY AGING IN COMMUNITY-DWELLING OLDER ADULTS
Authors: Yao Shanshan , Marron Megan , Boudreau Robert , Newman Anne , Shah Ravi , Murthy Venkatesh 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This study sought to identify metabolomic signatures of multi-system aging by relating comprehensive mass-spectrometry-based metabolomic profiles with the aging phenome. We studied 2469 Black and White older adults (mean age, 75 years; 38% Black) in the Health, Aging, and Body Composition Study (Health ABC) with detailed characterization of the aging phenome across 20 aging-related phenotypes spanning 7 domains (physical function, neurocognitive/executive function, adiposity/sarcopenia, vascular aging, dietary pattern, psychosocial stress, and physical activity). Regression was used to identify metabolites associated with the aging phenome for pathway analytics. Penalized regression and principal components analysis were used to generate parsimonious, metabolomic scores, which were entered into Cox models for the endpoint of exceptional healthy aging, defined as surviving free of cardiovascular disease, cancer, dementia, or major disability over 9 years. We identified 4 distinct metabolomic scores independently linked to body composition, physical performance/mental health, muscle strength, and physical activity. The body composition score (hazard ratio (HR)=0.80 per SD [95% Confidence Interval: 0.70–0.90]), mental/physical performance score (0.77 [0.69–0.87]), and muscle strength score (0.82 [0.73–0.93]) were associated with failure to achieve “exceptionally healthy aging” after adjusting for age, race, gender, and lifestyle and traditional risk factors. Metabolomic signatures of different aspects of the aging phenome are associated with long-term healthy aging processes independent of lifestyle and traditional risk factors. Efforts to include precision measures of metabolomic health in risk stratification to achieve healthy aging are warranted. External validation in a diverse cohort of younger adults is underway.
METHYLATION RISK SCORES ARE ASSOCIATED WITH CARDIOVASCULAR RISK FACTORS IN OLDER US ADULTS
Authors: Lin Lisha , Zhao Wei , Birditt Kira , Smith Jennifer 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
DNA methylation risk scores (MRS) are biomarkers that may prove clinically useful by enabling earlier prevention and individualized treatment of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). However, it is unclear whether relationships between methylation and CVD risk factors differ by demographics or health behaviors. Using existing epigenome-wide association studies, we created MRSs for eight CVD risk factors: systolic and diastolic blood pressure, body mass index (BMI), C-reactive protein (CRP), low- and high-density lipoprotein cholesterols (LDL-C, HDL-C), triglycerides (TG), and fasting glucose. Methylation was measured in whole blood samples from Health and Retirement Study participants (N=3,996, mean age=69.5 years). In linear regression, each MRS was positively associated with its corresponding CVD risk factor after controlling for demographics and health behaviors (all p&lt; 0.001). Adding interaction terms between each MRS and age, gender, or alcohol use revealed differences in MRS associations with their corresponding CVD risk factors across groups: higher MRSs were associated with greater increases in BMI, HDL-C, and TG in younger participants than older participants, greater increases in BMI and HDL-C in females than males, and a greater increase in CRP in non-drinkers than heavy drinkers (≤65 years old: &gt;2 per day for males and &gt;1 per day for females; &gt;65 years old: &gt;1 per day for both genders). In conclusion, some MRSs for CVD risk factors have stronger associations in younger adults, women, and non-drinkers. Additional research is needed to better understand the potential clinical utility of MRSs for early CVD prevention and intervention.
PREDICTION OF SARCOPENIA USING A MULTIPLE BIOMARKER RISK SCORE OVER TWO-YEAR FOLLOW-UP
Authors: Shin Hyung Eun , Kim Miji , Won Chang Won 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
It is necessary to consider multiple biomarkers simultaneously to detect sarcopenia due to its multifactorial etiology. This study is to compare the AUC of multiple biomarker risk score (MBS) that combines multiple biomarkers with that of individual biomarkers and to examine the association of MBS with incidence of sarcopenia in older adults. A total of 1,021 older adults were selected from the Korean Frailty and Aging Cohort Study. Sarcopenia was defined using the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia 2019 criteria. The MBS was calculated from eight biomarkers (Growth differentiation factor-15, Cystatin-C, Dehydroepiandrosterone, Hemoglobin, Myostatin, Aspartate aminotransferase/Alanine aminotransferase, Estimated glomerular filtration rate, and Blood urea nitrogen) using ridge regression. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was conducted to identify an utility of MBS to discriminate sarcopenia. The association of MBS with incidence of sarcopenia were examined by multivariate logistic regression. MBS has an area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.71 with an optimal cutoff of 1.76, which is higher than all other individual biomarkers (all, p&lt; 0.01). In prospective study, continuous MBS was positively associated with incidence of sarcopenia after adjusting for confounders (odds ratio[OR]=1.63; 95% CI=1.23–2.17). Participants with high risk (&gt;1.76 score) had a higher odds of sarcopenia than those with low risk (≤ 1.76) (OR=1.82; 95% CI=1.04–3.19). In conclusion, MBS better discriminated the presence of sarcopenia than did individual biomarkers, which can further predict sarcopenia after 2 years in older adults. Thus, combination of multiple biomarkers into single risk score can be helpful for earlier detection of sarcopenia.
AGING-RELATED IMMUNE CELLS PHENOTYPES AND ALL-CAUSE MORTALITY IN THE FRAMINGHAM HEART STUDY
Authors: Ragab Ahmed A Y , Doyle Margaret , Chen Jiachen , Fang Yuan , Lunetta Kathryn , Murabito Joanne 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Almost 2 billion people will likely be above the age of 60 by 2050. Aging is a process that is intrinsically complicated. One of the measures for immune system senescence is aging related immune cells phenotypes (ARIP)s. Besides CD8/CD4 ratio, new immunosenescence phenotypes have been proposed. The associations between ARIPs and all-cause mortality during long-term follow up is understudied. We profiled immune cells using flow cytometry and prospectively investigated ten different ARIPs, namely, CD4+CD27-, CD4+CD28-CD27-, CD8+CD27-, CD8+CD28-CD27-, CD4+/CD8+ ratio, CD4+(Tnaive/(T Central Memory (Tcm)+T Effector Memory (Tem)+T Effector (Teff)), CD8+ (Tnaive/(Tcm+Tem+Teff)), Granzyme B+CD8/Granzyme B+CD4 ratio, CD8+ Tc17/Treg ratio and CD4+ Th17/Treg ratio in relation to survival outcome among 990 dementia-free Framingham Heart Study (FHS) Offspring cohort participants who attended the seventh exam (1998-2001, mean age 62 years, range 40-88, 52% female). Cox proportional hazards regression models adjusting for age and sex with robust variance to account for family correlation were used to test for association between the ARIPs and hazard of death. During up to 20 years of follow up, the survival rate was 66%. Higher CD8+ Tc17/Treg ratio was significantly associated with better survival (HR:0.82 [0.7-0.94], p&lt; 0.001). Higher CD4+ Th17/Treg ratio and CD4/CD8 ratio were also nominally associated with lower risk of death (HR:0.87, [0.75-0.97], p=0.01 and HR 0.9, [0.79-0.99], p=0.04, respectively). Other ARIPs were unassociated with all-cause mortality. We conclude that further investigation of the CD8+Tc17/Treg and CD4+ Th17/Treg ratios as ARIP biomarkers for risk of all-cause mortality is justified.
COMMUNITY–CLINICAL LINKAGE MODELS FOR COMMUNITY-DWELLING OLDER ADULTS: A RAPID SCOPING REVIEW
Authors: Gofine Miriam , Laynor Gregory , Massar Rachel , Schoenthaler Antoinette 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
About 10% of older adults (OA) have unmet healthcare needs. Community-clinic linkage models (CCLM) aim to facilitate healthcare access by linking the community and health sectors. However, research on community-based linkages for community-dwelling OA into the healthcare sector is nascent. CCLM implemented for the general adult population are not necessarily age-friendly. This scoping review aims to characterize programs that are designed to facilitate community-dwelling OA’s access to healthcare through community sector-based linkages. In order to comprehensively survey CCLM designed for community-dwelling OA, the AgeLine (EBSCO) database was searched to review the academic and grey literature regarding programs that link community-dwelling OA from community to clinical sectors. AgeLine focuses on OA, indexing academic and grey literature from disciplines including health sciences, social work, and public policy. 470 publications were included for title/abstract screening; 24 were assessed for full-text eligibility by two independent reviewers. Data were extracted from two publications; exclusions were due to ineligible intervention (n=9) or setting (n=2); insufficient detail (n=6); full text unavailable (n=5). The sole empirical publication (2021) found that pilot implementation of a pilot linkage program between OA and clinicians was significantly associated with improved medication self-management. A final report (1993) on implementation of a supportive service pilot program in New Hampshire public housing found that OA residents and managers benefitted from the program. Results suggest the benefits of age-friendly CCLM for OA but highlight an existing gap in the literature. The results of this review underscore the need for age-friendly CCLM research, practice and innovation.