bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The mental health of elite-level coaches: A systematic scoping review
Authors: Frost Joshua , Walton Courtney C. , Purcell Rosemary , Fisher Krista , Gwyther Kate , Kocherginsky Michael , Rice Simon M. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background: Elite-level coaches are exposed to multiple performance, organisational and personal stressors which may contribute towards reduced mental health and wellbeing. This systematic scoping review examined the current body of evidence to explore what is known about the mental health of elite-level coaches (i.e. wellbeing and mental ill-health), the risk and protective factors that influence coach mental health, and the relationship between mental health and coaching effectiveness.
Methods: The review adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines. A systematic search was undertaken and updated in September 2022 using six electronic databases.
Results: 12,376 studies were identified and screened, with 42 studies satisfying the inclusion criteria. Despite the paucity of high-quality research, findings indicated that 41% of the included studies examined themes connected to wellbeing, with 76% assessing the nature or prevalence of mental ill-health in elite-level coaches. Among studies exploring mental ill-health, coach burnout was the primary focus, while scant research examined symptoms associated with clinical disorders (e.g. anxiety and depression). Overall, psychological outcomes for elite-level coaches were shaped by risk and protective factors operating at the individual, interpersonal, organisational and societal level. Preliminary evidence was also found to suggest that poor mental health may contribute towards reduced coaching effectiveness. It is proposed that coaching effectiveness could therefore be employed as a ‘hook’ to engage elite-level coaches in greater consideration of their mental health needs.
Conclusion: Alongside the development of methodologically robust research, there is a need to examine dynamic individual (e.g. psychological skills), interpersonal (e.g. strong social supports) and organisational (e.g. workload) factors that aim to preserve the mental health and optimise the efficacy of elite-level coaches.
Assessing the impact of COVID-19 passes and mandates on disease transmission, vaccination intention, and uptake: A scoping review
Authors: Natalia Yessika Adelwin , Delporte Margaux , De Witte Dries , Beutels Philippe , Dewatripont Mathias , Molenberghs Geert 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Purpose: Policymakers have struggled to maintain SARS-CoV-2 transmission at levels that are manageable to contain the COVID-19 disease burden while enabling a maximum of societal and economic activities. One of the tools that have been used to facilitate this is the so-called "COVID-19 pass". We aimed to document current evidence on the effectiveness of COVID-19 passes, distinguishing their indirect effects by improving vaccination intention and uptake from their direct effects on COVID-19 transmission measured by the incidence of cases, hospitalizations, and deaths.
Methods: We performed a scoping review on the scientific literature of the proposed topic covering the period January 2021 to September 2022, in accordance with the PRISMA-ScR guidelines for scoping reviews.
Results: Out of a yield of 4,693 publications, 45 studies from multiple countries were retained for full-text review. The results suggest that implementing COVID-19 passes tends to reduce the incidence of cases, hospitalizations, and deaths due to COVID-19. The use of COVID-19 passes was also shown to improve overall vaccination uptake and intention, but not in people who hold strong anti-COVID-19 vaccine beliefs.
Conclusion: The evidence from the literature we reviewed tends to indicate positive direct and indirect effects from the use of COVID-19 passes. A major limitation to establishing this firmly is the entanglement of individual effects of multiple measures being implemented simultaneously.
COVID-19 Impact on Trade Flow as the World Adapts to the Pandemic
Authors: Sarwar Md. Rubaiyath , Goswami Gour Gobinda , Rahman Mostafizur , Ishita Ishrat Jahan , Audrey Noshin Nawal , Haque Irina 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Studies from early 2020 show extensive impact of COVID-19 on global trade. These findings did not hold as the world trade made rebound despite the pandemic. Literature does not explain impact of COVID-19 over the pandemic period of 2020–2022 and does not consider pre-pandemic shock on trade. We compared trade performance of 32 of the world’s largest trading partners representing Asia-Oceania, Europe and Americas over 56 months from 2018–2022 in Gravity set-up using PPML as a primary estimator. Our findings show that COVID-19 pandemic does not impact global trade if we consider the pre-COVID-19 and post-COVID-19 trades as of 2022. The world trade flow increased by 0.009% with COVID-19; exports increased by 0.11%, and imports increased by 0.07%. Trade flow, export and import also has positive direction with cases, deaths and vaccination. However, stringency measures of home have negative effect on trade flow and import from partners but positive effect on export to partners. Stringency measures of partner have negative effect on home countries’ trade flow with partner and home countries export to partner but have an insignificant effect on import from partner. Trade, export, and import declined in 2019 and 2020 but increased in 2021 and 2022 if 2018 is used as benchmark. The results suggest that Europe was the worst hit compared to Asia-Oceania, while America’s performance has been positive. We conclude that the pandemic impact is better assessed if we look at yearly effects, regional effects, along with stringency measures for partner and home country.
Genetic or pharmacological GHSR blockade has sexually dimorphic effects in rodents on a high-fat diet
Authors: Leggio Lorenzo , Leko Andras , Gregory-Flores Adriana , Marchette Renata , Gomez Juan , Vendruscolo Janaina , Repunte-Canonigo Vez , Chuong Vicky , Deschaine Sara , Whiting Kimberly , Jackson Shelley , Cornejo Maria , Perello Mario , You Zhi-Bing , Eckhaus Michael , Janda Kim , Zorman Barry , Sumazin Pavel , Koob George , Michaelides Michael , Sanna Pietro Paolo , Vendruscolo Leandro 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

The stomach-derived hormone ghrelin regulates essential physiological functions. The ghrelin receptor (GHSR) has ligand-independent actions, therefore, GHSR gene deletion may be a reasonable approach to investigate the role of this system in feeding behaviors and diet-induced obesity (DIO). Here we investigated the effects of a long-term (12 month) high-fat (HFD) versus regular diet on obesity-related measures in global GHSR-KO and wild type (WT) Wistar male and female rats. Our main findings were that the GHSR gene deletion protects against DIO and decreases food intake during HFD in male but not in female rats. GHSR gene deletion increased thermogenesis and brain glucose uptake in male rats and modified the effects of HFD on brain glucose metabolism in a sex-specific manner, as assessed with small animal positron emission tomography. RNA-sequencing was also used to show that GHSR-KO rats had upregulated expression of genes responsible for fat oxidation in brown adipose tissue. Central administration of a novel GHSR inverse agonist, PF-5190457, attenuated ghrelin-induced food intake, but only in male, not in female mice. HFD-induced binge-like eating was reduced by inverse agonism in both sexes. Our results support GHSR as a promising target for new pharmacotherapies for obesity.
A Simple, Green Pathway to Covalently Transform Perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) to an Insoluble Ester
Authors: Fortner John , Maisto Susanna , Hong Doris , Griffith Alexandra 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Recently, the U.S. EPA proposed maximum poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) contaminant levels (MCL) for drinking water, which would regulate perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) as an individual contaminant with a MCL of 4 ng/L (ppt). While several methods to treat PFAS, including PFOA, have been proposed, challenges remain regarding process efficiencies, stabilities, and unwanted byproducts. Herein, we report that in the presence of decanol alone, at concentrations allowing for non-aqueous phase emulsions, PFOA readily transforms into a stable, fluorinated ester (decylpentadecafluorooctanoate) near room temperature, via a simple esterification mechanism, with high yields (> 80%). The resulting large(r) molecular weight product precipitates out of solution due to significant decrease in solubility. The reaction is quantitatively described, over a range of conditions, via FTIR and 19F qNMR. Taken together, the reaction opens a new treatment paradigm for carboxylic-based PFAS, via a low-energy, green chemistry-based approach.
Polarized Speech on Online Platforms
Authors: Fulay Suyash , Roy Deb 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

While political polarization has increased as measured through surveys, currently we lack comprehensive, longitudinal, and ecologically valid measurement of the polarization of online political speech that spans social media platforms. Using language models, we analyze ~ 2.5 billion comments on Reddit and Twitter across ~ 1.7 million accounts from 2007–2023 and find that polarized speech has been rising on both platforms since their inception, with outgroup polarization levels higher on Twitter than Reddit. On Twitter, while U.S. politicians on the left have been consistently more polarized than everyday users, politicians on the right experienced the highest growth in polarization, overtaking journalists, media, and everyday users over the past four years. Today, politicians, the group listened to the most for their political rhetoric, are far more polarized than everyday users. Additionally, while polarized speech is typically lower for accounts with more followers, right-leaning political influencers are an exception to this trend, which may influence perceptions of polarization on the left versus the right. Polarization is more diffuse across users on Twitter than on Reddit, where it is localized to a few communities. Polarization also varies by topic, with right-leaning users twice as likely to use polarized rhetoric about immigration as left-leaning users while left-leaning users are somewhat more likely to be polarized around healthcare. Our large-scale analysis reveals previously unknown patterns of polarization across platforms, groups, and topics that will help us better contextualize polarized content and potentially intervene to reduce it.
Regulation of Natural Killer Cell TGF-β and AhR Signaling Pathways Via the Intestinal Microbiota is Critical for Host Defense Against Alcohol-Associated Bacterial Pneumonia
Authors: Samuelson Derrick ,   Daniel Villageliu1, Cunningham Kelly , Smith Deandra , Knoell Daren , Mandolfo Mason , Wyatt Todd 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Alcohol use is an independent risk factor for the development of bacterial pneumonia due, in part, to impaired mucus-facilitated clearance, macrophage phagocytosis, and recruitment of neutrophils. Alcohol consumption is also known to reduce peripheral natural killer (NK) cell numbers and compromises NK cell cytolytic activity, especially NK cells with a mature phenotype. However, the role of innate lymphocytes, such as NK cells during host defense against alcohol-associated bacterial pneumonia is essentially unknown. We have previously shown that indole supplementation mitigates increases in pulmonary bacterial burden and improves pulmonary NK cell recruitment in alcohol-fed mice, which were dependent of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) signaling. Employing a binge-on-chronic alcohol-feeding model we sought to define the role and interaction of indole and NK cells during pulmonary host defense against alcohol-associated pneumonia. We demonstrate that alcohol dysregulates NK cell effector function and pulmonary recruitment via alterations in two key signaling pathways. We found that alcohol increases transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) signaling, while suppressing AhR signaling. We further demonstrated that NK cells isolated from alcohol-fed mice have a reduced ability to kill Klebsiella pneumoniae. NK cell migratory capacity to chemokines was also significantly altered by alcohol, as NK cells isolated from alcohol-fed mice exhibited preferential migration in response to CXCR3 chemokines but exhibited reduced migration in response to CCR2, CXCR4, and CX3CR1 chemokines. Together this data suggests that alcohol disrupts NK cell specific TGF-β and AhR signaling pathways leading to decreased pulmonary recruitment and cytolytic activity thereby increasing susceptibility to alcohol-associated bacterial pneumonia.
Research on Coordination of the Battery Closed-loop Supply Chain Considering CSR and Fairness Concerns in Third-Party Recycling Models
Authors: Zhang Zhenfang , Liang Huan 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Due to the pressure of the ecological environment and government, it is incumbent for enterprises to take social responsibility (CSR). However, during the recycling process, awareness of equity concerns due to the distribution of benefits among members has intensified, and it is crucial to resolve channel conflicts and design a reasonable cooperation model to recycle used power batteries. Therefore, this paper constructs a closed-loop supply chain composed of power battery manufacturers, sellers and third-party recycling companies based on the consideration of stepwise utilization, and constructs different Stackelberg game models for whether the manufacturers assume CSR to study the impacts of the level of CSR as well as the degree of fairness concern on the decision-making of the channel participants. Finally, based on the negative impacts of fairness concerns, a cost-sharing contract is designed to effectively improve the relationship between supply chain members in order to achieve economic and environmental sustainability.
Inequality of global crop diversity changes from 1961 to 2020
Authors: Gu Baojing , Gong Xuerong , Ren Chenchen , Wang Chen , Xu Jianming 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Crop diversity is vital for stability of food supply and sustainable agriculture, but limited understanding of its variability and driving mechanisms hampers effective management. Using data from 211 countries and over 60 years (1961-2020), here we show that global overall crop diversity increases while decline is found in one-third countries, and species evenness index decreases in half of global countries during the study period. Farm size, multiple cropping index, farmers’ income, and irrigation emerge as key drivers to elucidate inter-country variations. Farm size is the primary contributor, reducing approximately 5% of the global crop diversity from 1961 to 2020. Future scenarios project a 9% decline in crop diversity by 2050, while this decline trend would be reversed to increase 3-5% with lower inequalities among countries through better agricultural management. This is essential to increase the stability of agriculture for multiple UN sustainable development goals including hunger, poverty, and inequality.
Investigation of pediatric backscatter factor with an anthropomorphic phantom
Authors: Suebboonprathueng Thanakrit - , Asada Yasuki 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Entrance surface dose (ESD) is used to establish diagnostic reference levels (DRLs), which require a backscatter factor (BSF) for calculation. However, as no studies on pediatric BSF exist, adult BSF is currently used in pediatric ESD calculations.
Objective
The aim of this study was to derive a BSF using a pediatric phantom and conduct a comparison with BSFs derived from adult phantoms and existing data in general radiography.
Materials and methods
Incident air-kerma at the surface of a pediatric anthropomorphic phantom was measured using a set of optically stimulated luminescent dosimeters (OSLDs). Measurements were obtained using nanoDot OSLDs under different beam qualities and field sizes in three body regions, at a focal–surface distance of 100 cm. Air-kerma was measured using a set of nanoDots in the same positions in the absence of the phantom, and BSF was calculated using the two sets of data. The pediatric BSF values were compared with those obtained from adult phantom and existing data.
Results
BSF values were significantly lower for the pediatric phantom than for the adult phantom and were lowest in the chest (16%) under specific conditions and the greatest discrepancies of BSF values was found in PMMA tissue (19%) on every tube voltage when compared with the existing data.
Conclusion
Based on data obtained for the three body parts investigated, pediatric ESD should be calculated using human shaped pediatric anthropomorphic phantom rather than adult using adult and existing data.
Shared decision making and client-reported dose satisfaction in a longitudinal cohort receiving iOAT
Authors: Beaumont Scott , Magel Tianna , MacDonald Scott , Harrison Scott , Schechter Martin , Oviedo-Joekes Eugenia 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background:
Across different types of oral Opioid Agonist Treatment for people with Opioid Use Disorder, receiving a dose that meets their needs is associated with better outcomes. Evidence also shows patients are more likely to receive an “adequate dose” when their prescribers are involving them in decision making. Neither of these findings have been studied in the context of injectable Opioid Agonist Treatment, which is the purpose of this study.
Methods:
This study was a retrospective analysis of an 18-month prospective longitudinal cohort study of 131 people receiving injectable Opioid Agonist Treatment. In the 18-month study, observations were collected every two months for one year, and then once more at 18 months. At 6 months, participants were asked whether their dose was satisfactory to them (outcome variable). Generalized Estimating Equations were used, to account for multiple observations from each participant. The final multivariate model was built using a stepwise approach to determine variable inclusion.
Results:
545 participant-observations were included in the analysis. Participant observations were grouped by “dose is satisfactory” and “wants higher dose”. From unadjusted analyses, participants were less likely to report being satisfied with their dose if they: were Indigenous, had worse psychological or physical health problems, had ever attempted suicide, were younger when they first injected any drug, were a current smoker, felt troubled by drug problems, gave their medication a lower “drug liking” score, and felt that their doctor wasn’t including them in decisions the way they wanted to be. In the final multivariate model, all significant associations except for “current smoker” and “troubled by drug problems” were no longer significant after the addition of the “drug liking score”.
Conclusions:
Patients in injectable Opioid Agonist Treatment who are not satisfied with their dose are more likely to: be troubled by drug problems, be a current smoker, and report liking their medication less than dose-satisfied patients. Prescribers’ practicing shared decision-making can help patients achieve dose-satisfaction and possibly alleviate troubles from drug problems. Additionally, receiving a satisfactory dose may be dependent on patients being able to access an opioid agonist medication (and formulation) that they like.
Comparison of Postoperative Pain and Functionality in Patients Undergoing Fistulotomy and Seton for Anal Fistula
Authors: ŞAHİN Samet , Demirci İpar Selin , Yazkan Cenk , Dere Özcan , Kayılıoğlu Ilgaz , Özcan Önder 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Introduction: Anal fistula is a common proctological disease characterized by a tunnel formation between the skin and the anal canal. Surgical intervention is often required for treatment. The study aimed to assess postoperative pain and functionality in patients undergoing either fistulotomy or seton application for anal fistula. Method: The study included patients undergoing fistulotomy or seton application. Pain and functionality were assessed using the WHODAS 2.0 and VAS scores before surgery and at 1 week and 1 month post-surgery. Data were analyzed using statistical methods. Results: Out of 144 patients, 125 were included in the study. Fistulotomy was performed in 54.4% of patients, while seton application was performed in 45.6%. Pain levels were significantly higher in the fistulotomy group at postoperative 1 week but significantly lower at postoperative 1 month compared to the seton group. WHODAS 2.0 results correlated with VAS scores, showing that pain affected functionality. Seton group patients experienced less pain in the first postoperative week, but pain increased in the first month due to the presence of setons. Loss of function in social life and human relations was higher in the seton group. Discussion: Anal fistulas are more prevalent in men, but this study found a higher ratio of women, possibly due to geographical differences or the small sample size. Pain levels and functionality were affected by the choice of surgical method. Fistulotomy patients experienced increased pain in the first week but improved over time, while seton patients had lower initial pain but more persistent discomfort. Setons can disrupt daily life and social activities. Surgeons should consider long-term pain and functionality when choosing between procedures.
Deep learning model to predict Ki-67 expression of breast cancer using digital breast tomosynthesis
Authors: Oba Ken , Adachi Maki , Kobayashi Tomoya , Takaya Eichi , Shimokawa Daiki , Fukuda Toshinori , Yagishita Kazuyo , Takahashi Kengo , Ueda Takuya , Tsunoda Hiroko 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background: To develop a deep learning (DL) model for digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) image to predict Ki-67 expression.Methods: The institutional review board approved this retrospective study and waived the requisite to obtain the informed consent from the patients. Initially, 499 patients (mean age of 50.5 years, ranging from 29 to 90 years) who were referred to our hospital suggestive of breast cancer were initially enrolled in this study. We selected 126 patients with pathologically confirmed breast cancer and measured Ki-67. Xception architecture was used for the DL model to predict Ki-67 expression. Diagnostic performance of the DL model was assessed by accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). The diagnostic performance was also assessed with sub-datasets divided by radiological characteristics of breast cancer.Results: The average accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and AUC were 0.856, 0.860, 0.654, 0.933, respectively. The AUC of the four sub-groups separated by radiological findings for the mass, calcification, distortion, and focal asymmetric density sub-dataset were 0.890, 0.750, 0.870, and 0.660, respectively.Conclusions: Our results suggest potential application of the DL model to predict the expression of Ki-67 using DBT, which may be useful in determining the treatment strategy for breast cancer preoperatively.