bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The “Moving Valgus Stress Test” for Medial Collateral Ligament Tears of the Elbow
Authors: O'Driscoll Shawn W. M. , Lawton Richard L. , Smith Adam M. 
Published: December 2004

Background The diagnosis of a painful partial tear of the medial collateral ligament in overhead-throwing athletes is challenging, even for experienced elbow surgeons and despite the use of sophisticated imaging techniques. Hypothesis The “moving valgus stress test” is an accurate physical examination technique for diagnosis of medial collateral ligament attenuation in the elbow. Study Design Cohort study (diagnosis); Level of evidence, 2. Methods Twenty-one patients underwent surgical intervention for medial elbow pain due to medial collateral ligament insufficiency or other abnormality of chronic valgus overload, and they were assessed preoperatively with an examination called the moving valgus stress test. To perform the moving valgus stress test, the examiner applies and maintains a constant moderate valgus torque to the fully flexed elbow and then quickly extends the elbow. The test is positive if the medial elbow pain is reproduced at the medial collateral ligament and is at maximum between 120 ° and 70 °. Results The moving valgus stress test was highly sensitive (100%, 17 of 17 patients) and specific (75%, 3 of 4 patients) when compared to assessment of the medial collateral ligament by surgical exploration or arthroscopic valgus stress testing. The mean shear range (ie, the arc within which pain was produced with the moving valgus stress test) was 120 ° to 70 °. The mean angle at which pain was at a maximum was 90 ° of elbow flexion. Conclusions The moving valgus stress test is an accurate physical examination technique that, when performed and interpreted correctly, is highly sensitive for medial elbow pain arising from the medial collateral ligament.
Scapular Position and Orientation in Throwing Athletes
Authors: Myers Joseph B. , Laudner Kevin G. , Pasquale Maria R. , Bradley James P. , Lephart Scott M. 
Published: December 2004

Background Despite the recognized importance of proper 3-dimensional motion of the scapula in throwers, minimal research has quantified scapular position and orientation in throwing athletes. Hypothesis Throwing athletes exhibit scapular position and orientation differences when compared to nonthrowing control subjects. Study Design Descriptive laboratory study. Methods Scapular position and orientation during scapular plane humeral elevation were assessed with electromagnetic tracking in a group of 21 throwing athletes and 21 control subjects. Scapular upward/downward rotation, internal/external rotation, anterior/posterior tipping, elevation/depression, and protraction/retraction were assessed. Results The throwing athletes demonstrated significantly increased upward rotation, internal rotation, and retraction of the scapula during humeral elevation. No differences in anterior/posterior tipping and elevation/depression were present. Conclusions The results indicate that throwing athletes have scapular position and orientation differences compared to nonthrowing athletes. This suggests that throwers develop chronic adaptation for more efficient performance of the throwing motion. Clinical Relevance Clinicians evaluate scapular position, orientation, and movement in throwing athletes as part of the evaluation of shoulder injuries associated with the throwing motion. The current study provides clinicians with an understanding of the types of adaptations that may be observed in normal, healthy throwing athletes.
Arthroscopic Release of the Long Head of the Biceps Tendon
Authors: Kelly Anne M. , Drakos Mark C. , Fealy Stephen , Taylor Samuel A. , O'Brien Stephen J. 
Published: December 2004

Background Treatment of chronic, refractory biceps tendinitis remains controversial. The authors sought to evaluate clinical and functional outcomes of arthroscopic release of the long head of the biceps tendon. Hypothesis In specific cases of refractory biceps tendinitis, site-specific release of the long head of the biceps tendon may yield relief of pain and symptoms. Study Design Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods Fifty-four patients diagnosed with biceps tendinitis underwent arthroscopic release of the long head of the biceps tendon as an isolated procedure or as part of a concomitant shoulder procedure over a 2-year period. Patients were not excluded for concomitant shoulder abnormality, including degenerative joint disease, rotator cuff tears, Bankart lesions, or instability. Nine of 40 patients had an isolated arthroscopic release of the biceps tendon. At a minimum of 2 years, the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons; the University of California, Los Angeles; and the L'Insalata shoulder questionnaires as well as ipsilateral and contralateral metrics were used for evaluation. Results The L'Insalata; University of California, Los Angeles; and American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons scores were 77.6, 27.6, and 75.6, respectively. Seventy percent had a Popeye sign at rest or during active elbow flexion; 82.7% of men and 36.5% of women had a positive Popeye sign (P <. 05); 68% were rated as good, very good, or excellent. No patient reported arm pain at rest distally or proximally; 38% of patients complained of fatigue discomfort (soreness) isolated to the biceps muscle after resisted elbow flexion. Conclusion Arthroscopic release of the long head of the biceps tendon is an appropriate and reliable intervention for patients with chronic, refractory biceps tendinitis. Cosmetic deformity presenting as a positive Popeye sign and fatigue discomfort were the primary complaints. Clinical Relevance Although tenotomy is not the ideal intervention for patients of all ages with various shoulder abnormalities, data suggest that it may be an acceptable surgical intervention for a specifically selected cohort of individuals.
Resistance and Stability of A New Method for Bonding Biological Materials Using Sutures and Biological Adhesives
Authors: Paéz J. M. García , Sanmartín A. Carrera , Herrero E. Jorge , Millan I. , Cordon A. , Rocha A. , Maestro M. A. , Téllez G. , Castillo-Olivares J. L. 
Published: December 2004

The valve leaflets of cardiac bioprostheses are secured and shaped by sutures which, given their high degree of resistance and poor elasticity, have been implicated in the generation of stresses within the leaflets, contributing to the failure of the bioprostheses. Bioadhesives are bonding materials that have begun to be utilized in surgery, although there is a lack of experience in their use with inert tissues or bioprostheses. Tensile testing is performed until rupture in samples of calf pericardium, a biomaterial employed in the manufacture of bioprosthetic heart valve leaflets. One hundred and thirty-two trials are carried out in three types of samples: intact or control tissue ( n = 12); samples transected and glued in an overlapping manner with a cyanoacrylate ( n = 60); and samples transected, sewn with a commercially available suture material and reinforced at the suture holes with the same cyanoacrylate ( n = 60). Seven days after their preparation, 12 samples from each group, including the controls, are subjected to tensile testing until rupture and the findings are compared. In the stability study, groups of 12 each of the remaining 48 glued and 48 sutured and glued samples underwent tensile testing until rupture on days 30, 60, 90, and 120, after their preparation. The results show that bonding with the adhesive provided a resistance ranging between 1.04 and 1.87 kg, probably insufficient for use in valve leaflets, but also afforded a high degree of elasticity. After 120 days, both the glued and the sutured and glued series show excellent elastic behavior, with no rigidity or hardening of the pericardium. These samples present reversible elongation, or strain, when they surpass their elastic limit at rupture. This finding may be due to a load concentration that is damaging to the pericardium, to the behavior of the tissue as an amorphous material, or perhaps to both circumstances. These results need to be confirmed in future studies as they may be of value in the design and manufacture of cardiac bioprostheses.
Reduction From Seven to Five Cycles of Intensive Induction Chemotherapy in Children With High-Risk Neuroblastoma
Authors: Kushner Brian H. , Kramer Kim , LaQuaglia Michael P. , Modak Shakeel , Yataghene Karima , Cheung Nai-Kong V. 
Published: December 2004

Purpose We previously reported a high response rate with a dose-intensive chemotherapy regimen in 24 children with high-risk neuroblastoma (NB). We now describe similar results with changes that reduce toxicity (fewer cycles, less vincristine, use of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor). Patients and Methods Eighty-seven consecutive newly diagnosed children with high-risk NB underwent induction that initially had seven cycles (57 patients) but was later limited to five (30 patients). Cycles 1, 2, 4, and 6 used cyclophosphamide (140 mg/kg)/doxorubicin (75 mg/m2)/vincristine (0.15 mg/kg in the first 27 patients, 0.067 mg/kg subsequently). Cycles 3, 5, and 7 used cisplatin (200 mg/m2)/etoposide (600 mg/m2). Tumor resection followed a minimum of three cycles. The induction was eventually modified to include anti-GD2 immunotherapy after each of the last three cycles (38 patients). Results Bone marrow disease resolved in 70 (91%) of 77 patients and was not detected pre- and postinduction in 10 patients. After cycle 3 or 4, 86% of primary tumors were more than 50% smaller. Postinduction metaiodobenzylguanidine scans showed normal radiotracer distribution in metastatic sites in 74 (87%) of 85 patients. Overall results were: 68 (79%) complete/very good partial responses (CR/VGPR); 14 (16%) partial responses (PR); three (3%) less than PR; one (1%) death from infection; and one patient not assessable for response. Five cycles yielded a CR/VGPR rate of 83%, compared with a 77% rate from seven cycles. Side effects were myelosuppression, mucositis, and hearing deficits; neurotoxicity was insignificant with the lower vincristine dosage. Four patients (each received seven cycles) developed myelodysplasia/leukemia. Conclusion Five cycles of this induction regimen, plus surgery, suffice to achieve CR/VGPR in ≈80% of children with high-risk NB.
Refining the Amsterdam Criteria and Bethesda Guidelines: Testing Algorithms for the Prediction of Mismatch Repair Mutation Status in the Familial Cancer Clinic
Authors: Lipton L.R. , Johnson V. , Cummings C. , Fisher S. , Risby P. , Eftekhar Sadat A.T. , Cranston T. , Izatt L. , Sasieni P. , Hodgson S.V. , Thomas H.J.W. , Tomlinson I.P.M. 
Published: December 2004

Purpose Hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer (HNPCC) is a Mendelian dominant syndrome of bowel, endometrial, and other cancers and results from germline mutations in mismatch repair (MMR) genes. HNPCC is now best diagnosed on molecular grounds using MMR mutation screening, aided by microsatellite instability (MSI) and immunohistochemistry in tumors. Selection of families for molecular investigation of HNPCC is usually based on suboptimal methods (Amsterdam Criteria or Bethesda Guidelines), but these can be improved using additional clinical data (mean ages of affected persons and presence of endometrial cancer) in a quantitative model. Methods We have verified the performance of the Wijnen model and have shown that it remains valid when HNPCC is diagnosed using mutation screening, MSI, and immunohistochemistry. We have also set up and verified our own models (Amsterdam-plus and Alternative), which perform at least as well as the Wijnen model. Results The Amsterdam-plus model improves on the Amsterdam Criteria by using five extra variables (numbers of colorectal and endometrial cancers in the family, number of patients with five or more adenomas, number with more than one primary cancer of the colorectum or endometrium, and mean age of presentation) and performs better than the Wijnen model. The Alternative model avoids the need to evaluate the Amsterdam Criteria and performs nearly as well as the other models. Conclusion We believe that a quantitative model, such as the Amsterdam-plus model, should be the first choice for selecting families or patients for evaluation of HNPCC using molecular tests. We present an algorithm for this process.
Madruga, José Manuel Azúcar y Haitianos en la Republics Dominicana (Sugar and Haitians in the Dominican Republic)/Evertsz, Franc Báez Braceros Haitianos en la República Dominicana (Haitian Braceros in the Dominican Republic)/Lemoine, Maurice Azúcar Amargo: Hay Esclavos en el Caribe (Bitter Sugar Slaves in the Caribbean)/Pons, Frank Moya El Batey. Estudio Socioeconómico los Bateyes del Consejo Estatal Del Azúcar (The Batey: Socioeconomic Study of the Bateyes of the State Department of Sugar)
Authors: Kreniske John 
Published: December 2004

Madruga, José Manuel Azúcar. Haitianos en la Republics Dominicana (Sugar and Haitians in the Dominican Republic). Edicones MSC. República Dominicana: Santo Domingo. 1986. 202 pp. RD $10.50Evertsz, Franc Báez Braceros Haitianos en la República Dominicana (Haitian Braceros in the Dominican Republic). InstHuto Dominicano de Investigaciones Sociales. República Dominicana, Santo Domingo. 1986. 354 pp. RD $11.00Lemoine, Maurice Azúcar Amargo: Hay Esclavos en el Caribe (Bitter Sugar Slaves in the Caribbean). República Dominicana, Santo Domingo. 1987. 389 pp. RD $10.00Pons, Frank Moya El Batey. Estudio Socioeconómico los Bateyes del Consejo Estatal Del Azúcar (The Batey: Socioeconomic Study of the Bateyes of the State Department of Sugar). Fondo Para el Avance de las Ciencias Sociales, lnc República Dominicana: Santo Domingo. 636 pp. RD $65.00
Book Reviews
Authors: Cone Cynthia Abbott , House Kendall V. , Schak David C. 
Published: December 2004

Practicing Community: Class, Culture, and Power in an Urban Neighborhood. Rhoda H. Halperin. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1998.Two Sides to Everything: The Cultural Construction of Class Consciousness in Harlan County, Kentucky. Shuanna L. Scott. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1995.Japanese Workers in Protest: An Ethnography of Consciousness and Experience, Christena L. Turner. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1995.
Hog Wars: The Corporate Grab for Control of the Hog Industry and How Citizens Are Fighting Back
Authors: Cantrell Patty , Perry Rhonda , Sturtz Paul 
Published: December 2004

The following is a Missouri Rural Crisis Center report on their recent challenge to corporate hog farming in Missouri. The Missouri Rural Crisis Center is a nonprofit organization founded in 1985 by a group of family farmers and rural activists.1985 was a time of economic crisis for many farmers across Missouri and the nation. As the state with the second‐highest number of family farms, Missouri was also one of the states hit hardest by the rural crisis. Between 1981 and 1985, farm bankruptcies increased by 300 percent. Rocked by economic crisis that left no community in the state untouched, many Missourians questioned their country's policies in ways they never had before. Farmers and rural people sought to regain control over their future by protesting on the courthouse steps, filing class action lawsuits, organizing tractorcades, coordinating soup lines in cities, and in many other ways.In that climate, a group of farm and rural activists launched the Missouri Rural Crisis Center (MRCC) in October 1985, as an affiliate of the North American Farm Alliance. The organization became a separate not‐for‐profit corporation in 1987. Using paralegal and financial counseling, supported by community organizing, MRCC has helped to successfully restructure debt, assets, and farm plans for hundreds of farms in Missouri and other states. MRCC has also assisted dozens of limited‐resource, minority, new, and re‐starting farm families to begin new farms. The economic impact of these efforts on rural communities has been tremendous. A per farm average of $100,000 in clear equity has been gained in the restructuring cases worked by MRCC. In the majority of cases, these assets would otherwise have been transferred from small to medium‐sized farm businesses to absentee landlords. These are dollars that are multiplied many times when farmers stay on their land and spend their incomes in local communities. Below, staff from MRCC report on their recent struggle in Missouri against corporate hog producers.
Native American Art: The Collections of the Ethnological Museum Berlin/Sun Dogs and Eagle Down: The Indian Paintings of Bill Holm
Authors: Jackins Ira 
Published: December 2004

Native American Art: The Collections of the Ethnological Museum Berlin, Peter Bolz and Hans‐Ulrich Sanner Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1999.240 pp. 162 color and 65 black and white photos, bibliography, index. $40.00 (paper).Sun Dogs and Eagle Down: The Indian Paintings of Bill Holm, Steven C. Brown and Lloyd J. Averill Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2000.x. 198 pp. 76 color photos, notes, bibliography. $35.00 (cloth).
Biosynthesis of Natural Rubber and Other Natural Polyisoprenoids
Authors: Ohya Norimasa , Koyama Tanetoshi 
Published: December 2004

AbstractIntroductionOccurrence of PolyisopreneChemical Properties of RubberThe Latex Vessel SystemComposition of LatexMolecular Weight of RubberHistorical OutlineRubber PrecursorsRubber Formation on Rubber ParticlesStereochemistry of Rubber BiosynthesisInitiator of Rubber SynthesisBiosynthesis Pathway inHevea brasiliensisFormation of IPPInitiation of Rubber MoleculesChain‐Elongation of Rubber13C‐NMR Study of Rubber MoleculesEnzymes inHevea brasiliensisEnzymes for the Formation of Mevalonic AcidEnzymes for the Formation of IPPRubber TransferaseGenetic BasisRubber Biosynthesis‐Related ProteinsDefense‐Related ProteinsLatex AllergensOther Enzymes inHeveaRubber Biosynthesis Pathways and Genes in Guayule and other OrganismsGuayule Rubber BiosynthesisRubber Synthesis in Indian Rubber TreeRubber Synthesis in FungiProduction in Transgenic Plants and Recombinant MicroorganismsOutlook and PerspectivesRelevant PatentsStimulation of Rubber Yield and Rubber‐Producing PlantsRubber Biosynthetic Genes and their TransformationSynthetic Use of Enzymes fromH. brasiliensisEnzymes fromHeveaand their DNA SequencesAcknowledgements
Fibrous Proteins from Recombinant Microorganisms
Authors: Fahnestock Stephen R. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractIntroductionSequence‐Defined PolymersMicrobial ProductionHistorical OutlineExpression of Natural Silk Genes in MicrobesDesign of Synthetic GenesSilk‐Like ProteinsSummary of StrategyCommercial ApplicationsSpider Silk Analog ProteinsMajor Dragline Protein Gene ConstructionGene Expression inE. coliSecond Dragline ProteinStability of Synthetic Genes inE. coliTruncated Protein SynthesisDragline Silk Protein in YeastProtein SecretionProperties of DP‐1B and DP‐2A ProteinsOther Spider Silk AnalogsOther Designed Protein PolymersA Designed Self‐Assembling Fibrillar ProteinElastin‐Like ProteinsCollagen AnalogsCost of ProductionPatentsFuture Prospects
Cognitive effort during note taking
Authors: Piolat Annie , Olive Thierry , Kellogg Ronald T. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractNote taking is a complex activity that requires comprehension and selection of information and written production processes. Here we review the functions, abbreviation procedures, strategies, and working memory constraints of note taking with the aim of improving theoretical and practical understanding of the activity. The time urgency of selecting key points and recording them while comprehending new information at the same time places significant demands on the central executive and other components of working memory. Dual‐ and triple‐task procedures allow the measurement of the momentary cognitive effort or executive attention allocated to note taking. Comparative data show that note taking demands more effort than reading or learning. However, it requires less effort than the creative written composition of an original text. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Essential fracture work of nylon 6‐silicate nanocomposites
Authors: Qiao Y. , Avlar S. , Chakravarthula S. S. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractIn a fracture experiment of polymers, the total fracture work usually consists of an essential part associated with the plastic deformation at the crack tip and a nonessential part related to the viscous relaxation in the background. In this article, the essential fracture work in nylon 6‐silicate nanocomposites is measured through a series of double‐notched‐sample (DNS) tests. The samples are of different silicate contents and crystallization conditions. As the cooling rate rises, the essential work is nearly constant while the total fracture work increases considerably, which should be attributed to the change in effective viscosity. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 95: 815–819, 2005
Reversible assembly of helical filaments by de novo designed minimalist peptides
Authors: Frost David W. H. , Yip Christopher M. , Chakrabartty Avijit 
Published: December 2004

AbstractWe have designed a series of 15 short, helical de novo peptides consisting of lysine, isoleucine, and alanine. We have termed this the KIA series. These peptides differ only in their hydrophobic interface, and thus their self‐association is largely a consequence of hydrophobic interactions. One of these peptides, KIA13, forms insoluble helical fibers at specific NaCl concentrations. We have used CD spectroscopy, turbidity assays, and in situ tapping mode atomic force microscopy to characterize the reversible assembly pathway for this peptide. It is unfolded at low NaCl concentration, and forms helical, soluble fibers resembling a coiled‐coil conformation at intermediate NaCl concentrations, and rope‐like insoluble fibers at high NaCl concentrations. Reducing the NaCl concentration completely reverses this process. Another peptide from the KIA series specifically inhibits the formation of the insoluble KIA13 fibers, and reverses the process to some extent. This work sheds light onto protein fibrillogenesis and offers intriguing possibilities for the use of these types of peptides in drug delivery and biomaterials applications. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci), 2005
A General Method for the Synthesis of Nanostructured Large‐Surface‐Area Materials through the Self‐Assembly of Functionalized Nanoparticles
Authors: Chane‐Ching Jean‐Yves , Cobo Frederic , Aubert Daniel , Harvey Howard G. , Airiau Marc , Corma Avelino 
Published: December 2004

AbstractA general synthetic method for the preparation of nanostructured materials with large surface area was developed by using nanoparticle building blocks. The preparation route involves the self‐assembly of functionalized nanoparticles in a liquid‐crystal phase. These nanoparticles are functionalized by using difunctional amino acid species to provide suitable interactions with the template. Optimum interactions for self‐assembly of the nanoparticles in the liquid‐crystal phase were achieved with one ‐NH2 group anchored to the nanoparticle surface per 25 Å2. To maximize the surface area of these materials, the wall thicknesses are adjusted so that they are composed of a monolayer of nanoparticles. To form such materials, numerous parameters have to be controlled such as the relative volume fraction of the nanoparticles and the template and size matching between the hydrophilic component of the copolymer and nanoparticles. The surface functionalization renders our synthetic route independent of the nanoparticles and allows us to prepare a variety of nanostructured composite materials that consist of a juxtaposition of different discrete oxide nanoparticles. Examples of such materials include CeO2, ZrO2, and CeO2–Al(OH)3 composites.