bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
N‐Acetyl α‐D‐Glucosaminidase from the Venom of African Puff Adder (Bitis Arietans)
Authors: Nok Andrew J. , Shuaibu M. N. , Choudhry M. K. , Oyebanjo O. , Ibrahim S. , Williams S. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThe activity of N‐acetyl‐α‐D‐glucosaminidase from venom
of the African puff adder (Bitis arietans) has been detected. The
enzyme from the venom was purified by chromatography on Q‐sepharose, CM‐cellulose, and
N‐acetyl‐α‐D‐glucosamine‐agarose affinity column. The enzyme has a
molecular weight of 102 kDa determined by size exclusion chromatography on Sephacryl 200. It migrated as
a 51‐kDa band on SDS polyacrylamide gels. The enzyme is maximally active at pH 5.5 and
40°C. The B. arietans NAGase hydrolyzed exclusively terminally linked
α‐(1–4) GlcNAc residues from nonreducing ends of oligosaccharides. It
hydrolysed chito‐oligosaccharide, MU‐GlcNAc and chitobiose with KM
values of 0.15 mM and 1.22 mM, respectively. Swollen chitin and oligosaccharide above
(GlcNAc)4 were not hydrolysed by the enzyme. B. arietans NAGase was
strongly inhibited noncompetitively by Hg2+, competitively by 1‐thio‐β‐D‐GlcNAc and N‐acetyl glucosamine (NAG) with
Ki of 0.55, 0.25 and 8 mM, respectively. Colombin the active component of
antivenom preparation from Aristolodia albida inhibited the enzyme competitively with
Ki of 0.6 mM. Delineation of the active site by chemical modification revealed
the involvement of His and Trp in the catalysis of the enzyme. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 15:221–227, 2001
Dermal Exposure to m‐Xylene Leads to Increasing Oxidative Species and Low Molecular Weight DNA Levels in Rat Skin
Authors: Rogers James V. , Gunasekar Palur G. , Garrett Carrol M. , McDougal James N. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractDermal absorption of organic solvents, such as m‐xylene, can lead to skin inflammation and pathological changes
within hours after exposure. This study detected oxidative species formation and low molecular weight (LMW) DNA in rat
skin as potential indicators of m‐xylene‐induced skin injury. At 0, 1, 2, 4, and 6 h after the beginning
of a 1‐h exposure, skin samples were removed and analyzed for oxidative species formation and LMW DNA analysis. At 2 h, mean
oxidative species levels increased significantly (P < 0.05) above unexposed samples. Significantly higher
(P < 0.05) LMW DNA values were observed at 2, 4, and 6 h compared to unexposed controls. These results show
that oxidative species formation and LMW DNA levels in the skin may serve as indicators for predicting safe exposure levels to
m‐xylene and other volatile organic solvents. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol
15:228–230, 2001
Unintentional platelet removal by plasmapheresis
Authors: Perdue Jedidiah J. , Chandler Linda K. , Vesely Sara K. , Duvall Deanna S. , Gilcher Ronald O. , Smith James W. , George James N. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractTherapeutic plasmapheresis may remove platelets as well as plasma. Unintentional platelet loss, if not recognized, may lead to inappropriate patient assessment and treatment. A patient with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura‐hemolytic uremic syndrome (TTP‐HUS) is reported in whom persistent thrombocytopenia was interpreted as continuing active disease; thrombocytopenia resolved only after plasma exchange treatments were stopped. This observation prompted a systematic study of platelet loss with plasmapheresis. Data are reported on platelet loss during 432 apheresis procedures in 71 patients with six disease categories using three different instruments. Comparing the first procedure recorded for each patient, there was a significant difference among instrument types (P<0.001); platelet loss was greater with the Fresenius AS 104 (17.5%, N = 21) than with the COBE Spectra (1.6%, N = 26) or the Haemonetics LN9000 (2.6%, N = 24). With all procedures, platelet loss ranged from 0 to 71%. Among disease categories, platelet loss was greater in patients with dysproteinemias who were treated for hyperviscosity symptoms. Absolute platelet loss with the first recorded apheresis procedure, in the 34 patients who had a normal platelet count before the procedure, was also greater with the AS 104 (2.23 × 1011 platelets) than with the Spectra (0.29 × 1011 platelets) or the LN9000 (0.37 × 1011 platelets). In 39 patients in whom data were collected on consecutive days, platelet removal by plasmapheresis correlated with a decreased patient platelet count (r = 0.40, P = 0.011). In these 39 patients, the platelet counts were significantly decreased at 24 hours (P = 0.002). J. Clin. Apheresis. 16:55–60, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ab initio quantum mechanical study of the binding energies of human estrogen receptor α with its ligands: An application of fragment molecular orbital method
Authors: Fukuzawa Kaori , Kitaura Kazuo , Uebayasi Masami , Nakata Kotoko , Kaminuma Tsuguchika , Nakano Tatsuya 
Published: November 2004

AbstractWe have theoretically examined the relative binding affinities (RBA) of typical ligands, 17β‐estradiol (EST), 17α‐estradiol (ESTA), genistein (GEN), raloxifene (RAL), 4‐hydroxytamoxifen (OHT), tamoxifen (TAM), clomifene (CLO), 4‐hydroxyclomifene (OHC), diethylstilbestrol (DES), bisphenol A (BISA), and bisphenol F (BISF), to the α‐subtype of the human estrogen receptor ligand‐binding domain (hERα LBD), by calculating their binding energies. The ab initio fragment molecular orbital (FMO) method, which we have recently proposed for the calculations of macromolecules such as proteins, was applied at the HF/STO‐3G level. The receptor protein was primarily modeled by 50 amino acid residues surrounding the ligand. The number of atoms in these model complexes is about 850, including hydrogen atoms. For the complexes with EST, RAL, OHT, and DES, the binding energies were calculated again with the entire ERαLBD consisting of 241 residues or about 4000 atoms. No significant difference was found in the calculated binding energies between the model and the real protein complexes. This indicates that the binding between the protein and its ligands is well characterized by the model protein with the 50 residues. The calculated binding energies relative to EST were very well correlated with the experimental RBA (the correlation coefficient r = 0.837) for the ligands studied in this work. We also found that the charge transfer between ER and ligands is significant on ER–ligand binding. To our knowledge, this is the first achievement of ab initio quantum mechanical calculations of large molecules such as the entire ERαLBD protein. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 26: 1–10, 2005
Realizing finite edge‐transitive orientable maps
Authors: Širáň Jozef , Tucker Thomas W. , Watkins Mark E. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractJ.E. Graver and M.E. Watkins, Memoirs Am. Math. Soc. 126 (601) (1997) established that the automorphism group of an edge‐transitive, locally finite map manifests one of exactly 14 algebraically consistent combinations (called types) of the kinds of stabilizers of its edges, its vertices, its faces, and its Petrie walks. Exactly eight of these types are realized by infinite, locally finite maps in the plane. H.S.M. Coxeter (Regular Polytopes, 2nd ed., McMillan, New York, 1963) had previously observed that the nine finite edge‐transitive planar maps realize three of the eight planar types.In the present work, we show that for each of the 14 types and each integer n ≥ 11 such that n ≡ 3,11 (mod 12), there exist finite, orientable, edge‐transitive maps whose various stabilizers conform to the given type and whose automorphism groups are (abstractly) isomorphic to the symmetric group Sym(n). Exactly seven of these types (not a subset of the planar eight) are shown to admit infinite families of finite, edge‐transitive maps on the torus, and their automorphism groups are determined explicitly. Thus all finite, edge‐transitive toroidal maps are classified according to this schema. Finally, it is shown that exactly one of the 14 types can be realized as an abelian group of an edge‐transitive map, namely, as ℤn × ℤ2 where n ≡ 2 (mod 4). © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Graph Theory 37: 1–34, 2001
Menger's Theorem
Authors: Böhme T. , Göring F. , Harant J. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractMenger's Theorem for digraphs states that for any two vertex sets A and B of a digraph D such that A cannot be separated from B by a set of at most t vertices, there are t + 1 disjoint A–B‐paths in D. Here a short and elementary proof of a more general theorem is given. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Graph Theory 37: 35–36, 2001
Vertex‐disjoint cycles of length at most four each of which contains a specified vertex*
Authors: Ishigami Yoshiyas 
Published: November 2004

AbstractWe obtain a sharp minimum degree condition δ (G) ≥ $\lfloor {\sqrt {\phantom{n^2}n+k^2-3k+1}}\rfloor + 2k-1$ of a graph G of order n ≥ 3k guaranteeing that, for any k distinct vertices, G contains k vertex‐disjoint cycles of length at most four each of which contains one of the k prescribed vertices. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Graph Theory 37: 37–47, 2001
Monitoring of lipid degradation products by solid‐phase microextraction*
Authors: Doleschall Fruzsina , Kemény Zsolt , Recseg Katalin , Kővári Katalin 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThe final sensory characteristic of vegetable oils is influenced by a series of aroma compounds and volatile oxidation products formed during storage and processing. Crude sunflower oil was stored at room temperature and was regularly refined by applying physical refining process in laboratory scale studying lipid degradation. Effect of long‐term storage and different steps of refining process on overall oxidative state and volatile compounds' formation was investigated by means of solid‐phase microextraction (SPME). Results were achieved by a 100‐μm polydimethylsiloxane fiber in the sample's headspace. Hexanal, tr‐2‐hexenal, tr‐2‐heptenal, tr‐2‐octenal, tr‐2‐nonenal, tr,tr‐2,4‐decadienal, α‐pinene, pentylfuran, 1‐octen‐3‐ol were used for external standard calibration. It was proved that hexanal and tr,tr‐2,4‐decadienal are aldehydes, which appear first in sunflower oil during long‐term storage. Detection limit using splitless injection and flame ionization detector was in 1–5 mg/kg depending on individual components. SPME was successfully applied for both controlling decomposition of hydroperoxides during bleaching and aldehydes removal during deodorization. SPME and traditional static headspace techniques were compared. Static headspace gave better recovery and lower detection limit for compounds having higher volatility, but SPME made it possible to measure higher molecular weight aldehydes providing a simple, reliable solution. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Micro Sep 13: 215–220, 2001
Critical assessment of electrolyte systems for the capillary electrophoresis analysis of phenolic compounds in herbal extracts
Authors: Fonseca Fabiana Novaes , Kato Massuo Jorge , Oliveira Levi , Neto Nestor Pinto , Tavares Marina Franco Maggi 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThis work presents a comparative evaluation of electrolyte systems for the capillary electrophoresis analysis of the phenolic compounds apigenin and luteolin, and their corresponding 7‐O‐glucosides naringenin, rutin, quercetin, umbelliferone, herniarin, chlorogenic, and caffeic acids, in methanolic, glycolic, and hydroalcoholic extracts of Matricaria recutita L. (Asteraceae). The electrolytes included tetraborate buffer at different pHs and concentrations, containing varied amounts of sodium dodecyl sulfate, β‐cyclodextrin, and acetonitrile. The electrophoretic profile of the extracts changes considerably from electrolyte to electrolyte. However, in a single electrolyte, the profile of different extracts seems to be very similar (identical elution order), varying only in relative composition. The best condition for quantitative work was 20 mmol/L tetraborate buffer, pH 10, using direct detection at 337 nm. Baseline resolution of 9 among 11 selected standards was achieved readily in this electrolyte, showing distinct migration patterns for flavonoid aglycones (flavones, dihydroflavonols, and flavonols), coumarins, and acidic phenylpropanoids. To assure reproducibility, several capillary conditioning procedures were tested. Electrokinetic rinses with tetraborate buffer prior to sample injection gave the best results. Precision of migration times and peak areas were better than 4 and 2%, respectively, for 10 consecutive injections of the methanolic extract. A few method validation parameters also are reported, such as linearity (r2<0.999, concentration range from 5.0 to 75.0 μg/mL), limit of detection (3.8 μg/mL), and limit of quantitation (11.5 μg/mL), referred to apigenin, a commonly used compound to standardize chamomile extracts for topical use. Flavonoid glucosides that have distinct sugar moieties were separated readily in free solution; however, those with similar sugar moieties were separated only in micellar medium, using β‐cyclodextrin as the additive. The presence of reference compounds in the extracts was confirmed by spiking techniques and their identification was assisted by a UV‐spectra library. The validity of the diode array detector as an identification tool for phenolic compounds also is discussed. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Micro Sep 13: 227–235, 2001
Optimization of solid phase microextraction analysis of aroma compounds in a Portuguese muscatel wine must
Authors: Vaz Freire Luís M. T. , Costa Freitas A. M. , Relva A. M. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThe fundamental suitability of solid‐phase microextraction (SPME) has been investigated for the quantitative determination of eight aroma compounds present in a Portuguese muscatel wine must. The method has been optimized using a commercially available fiber coated with 85 μm polyacrylate (PA). The matrix effect was evaluated by comparing the results obtained with the standard additions method to those obtained, for the same analyte, by means of a calibration curve (internal standard method). The results obtained with the standard additions method show poor accuracy and higher confidence limits than those obtained by the calibration curve. Experiments during the SPME process were carried out to investigate the influence of (1) ethanol concentration and (2) high concentrations of one analyte on the absorption of minor components. No significant decrease in peak response was observed either for ethanol concentration from 3 to 12% or for excess concentration of one analyte over the others. The method was evaluated with respect to the linearity, within run precision and limit of detection. The curves obtained by plotting mass ratio vs. area ratio showed higher correlation coefficient R2>0.99 for most compounds. The use of internal standard minimizes quantitative errors due to the extraction process and injection. Ethanol concentration does not seem to affect quantitative determination. Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) fiber is more suitable for the analysis of esters, whereas polyacrylate is suitable for alcohols of low molecular weight and terpene quantification. The method has been applied to a Portuguese wine must to investigate the recovery of its aroma profile, formed by Saccharomyces cerevisiae during the wine‐must fermentation, using organophilic pervaporation [1]. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Micro Sep 13: 236–242, 2001
Ion trap mass spectrometry as detector for capillary electrochromatography of peptides: Possibilities and limitations
Authors: Gaspari Marco , Guček Marjan , Walhagen Karin , Vreeken Rob J. , Verheij Elwin R. , Tjaden Ubbo R. , Van der Greef Jan 
Published: November 2004

AbstractCapillary electrochromatography has been coupled to an ion trap mass spectrometer via a sheath flow electrospray interface. Peptide analysis was performed on 25 cm columns packed with C18‐bonded silica particles, and very fast separations were obtained. Full mass spectrometry and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) detection were evaluated in terms of sensitivity and scanning speed. The separation of seven selected peptides and their detection by MS/MS in selected reaction monitoring mode was demonstrated. The performance of this sheath flow interface also was compared with the previously reported sheathless interface. Despite the loss in sensitivity (20–40‐fold), the sheath flow interface was shown to be superior in terms of ruggedness, and allowed the use of higher electric fields to achieve faster analysis times. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Micro Sep 13: 243–249, 2001
Small broadband semicircular patch antenna with an L‐probe feeding
Authors: Guo Y. X. , Luk K. M. , Lee K. F. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractExperimental results for an L‐probe‐fed shorted semicircular patch antenna are presented. Using a foam layer thickness ∼0.12λ0 as a supported substrate, an impedance bandwidth of 57% (SWR≤2) and a gain of over 4.0 dBi in the majority of the wide bandwidth have been obtained. The far‐field patterns are stable across the passband. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 29: 289–290, 2001.
1‐D photonic bandgap resonator antenna
Authors: Serier C. , Cheype C. , Chantalat R. , Thèvenot M. , Monédière T. , Reineix A. , Jecko B. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThis paper presents a theoretical method used to realize a 1‐D photonic bandgap (PBG) resonator antenna. Studies in the frequency and space domain were made to determine the properties of the material. Then a 1‐D PBG resonator antenna was designed, and some characteristics of the antenna were shown as the radiation pattern, the linear, and the circular polarization. The results show that such a device permits us to obtain high gain with a very thin structure. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 29: 312–315, 2001.
Excitation of low‐profile equilateral‐triangular dielectric resonator antenna using a conducting conformal strip
Authors: Lo H. Y. , Leung K. W. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractA new configuration that employs a conducting conformal strip to excite the low‐profile equilaterial‐triangular dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) of very high permittivity is proposed. As compared with the previous aperture‐coupling configuration, the new configuration has a wider impedance bandwidth (∼5.5%) and a higher front‐to‐back radiation ratio. The return loss, radiation patterns, and antenna gain are measured and discussed. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 29: 317–319, 2001.
Genetic algorithms for the automatic synthesis of equivalent lumped‐element circuits
Authors: Selleri Stefano 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThe derivation of a lumped‐element equivalent circuit of a device is a fundamental topic in electronic and electromagnetic analysis. Here, a fully automatic genetic algorithm is devised and implemented to perform this task. The proposed method not only recovers the values of the lumped element, but also automatically synthesizes the topology of the equivalent circuit. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 29: 356–359, 2001.
Electromagnetic scattering problems solved by an improved spectral iteration technique
Authors: Costanzo Sandra , Di Massa Giuseppe 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThe spectral iteration technique is used to solve electromagnetic scattering problems. A detailed analysis is carried out to investigate the convergence properties of the procedure, and a static solution is proposed as an initial estimate of the current to solve divergence problems. Diffraction by strips is considered to validate the method. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 29: 384–388, 2001.
Frequency dependence of dielectric constant of construction materials in microwave and millimeter‐wave bands
Authors: Cuiñas Iñigo , Pugliese Jean‐Pierre , Hammoudeh Akram , García Sánchez Manuel 
Published: November 2004

AbstractResults of experiments made to characterize the electromagnetic properties of typical building materials at 5.8 and 62.4 GHz are presented and compared. Transmission and reflection coefficients were measured as functions of the angle of incidence. A multiple successive internal reflection model was developed and used to estimate the dielectric constants by comparing measured and predicted values. It has been shown that, at a given frequency, the type of material used determines the value of its dielectric constant. The variation of the value of this constant with frequency does not necessarily follow the same trend for different materials. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 30: 123–124, 2001.
Test adequacy criteria for UML design models
Authors: Andrews Anneliese , France Robert , Ghosh Sudipto , Craig Gerald 
Published: November 2004

AbstractSystematic design testing, in which executable models of behaviours are tested using inputs that exercise scenarios, can help reveal flaws in designs before they are implemented in code. In this paper a technique for testing executable forms of UML (Unified Modelling Language) models is described and test adequacy criteria based on UML model elements are proposed. The criteria can be used to define test objectives for UML designs. The UML design test criteria are based on the same premise underlying code test criteria: coverage of relevant building blocks of models is highly likely to uncover faults. The test adequacy criteria proposed in this paper are based on building blocks for UML class and interaction diagrams. Class diagram criteria are used to determine the object configurations on which tests are run, while interaction diagram criteria are used to determine the sequences of messages that should be tested. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Systems engineering and cost as an independent variable
Authors: Brady Jim 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThe cost as an independent variable discipline is receiving increased emphasis in system design and development due to competitive pressure and the need to provide high performance products at lower cost. Successful implementation of this discipline depends on stakeholder buy‐in, effective communication, and application of the proper tools. The purpose of this article is to describe how and why CAIV belongs within the systems engineering area. Many of the processes involved are already being used by systems engineers including cost modeling, quality function deployment, and design for manufacturing and assembly. Integrating these and other standard tools into an effective cost reduction discipline is a job best performed by systems engineers. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Syst Eng 4: 233–241, 2001