bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of structural control based on control energy perspectives
Authors: Wong Kevin K. F. , Yang Rong 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA computational algorithm for maximizing the control efficiency in actively controlling the elastic structural responses during earthquake is proposed. Study of optimal linear control using a single degree of freedom shows that applying active control is very effective in reducing the structural displacement and velocity responses for long‐period structures, but at the same time it has an adverse effect in increasing the absolute acceleration response. The extent of this adverse effect reduces the effectiveness of the control system, and therefore it poses a limit on the maximum control force in order to provide maximum control efficiency. In view of this shortcoming, maximum control energy dissipation is used to define the most effective optimal linear control law. Less displacement and velocity response are expected as larger control force is applied, but there is always a limit that maximum control energy can be dissipated. This study shows that this limit depends on the structural characteristics as well as the input ground motion, and a general trend is that the maximum control energy decreases as damping increases. Finally, application of the proposed algorithm on a six‐storey hospital building is presented to show the effectiveness of using optimal linear control on a multi‐degree‐of‐freedom system from the control energy perspectives. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sediment concentration in interrill flow: interactions between soil surface conditions, vegetation and rainfall
Authors: Cerdan O. , Bissonnais Y. Le , Souchère V. , Martin P. , Lecomte V. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA database composed of 673 natural rainfall events with sediment concentration measurements at the field or plot scale was analysed. Measurements were conducted on similar soil type (loess soils prone to sealing phenomenon) to apprehend the variability and complexity involved in interrill erosion processes attributable to soil surface conditions. The effects of the dominant controlling factors are not described by means of equations; rather, we established a classification of potential sediment concentration domain according to combination of the dominant parameters. Thereby, significant differences and evolution trends of mean sediment concentration between the different parameter categories are identified. Further, when parameter influences interact, it allows us to discern the relative effects of factors according to their respective degree of expression. It was shown that crop cover had a major influence on mean sediment concentration, particularly when soil surface roughness is low and when maximum 6‐min intensity of rainfall events exceeds 10 mm h−1: mean sediment concentration decreases from 8·93 g l−1 for 0–20 per cent of coverage to 0·97 g l−1 for 21–60 per cent of coverage. The established classification also indicates that the increase of the maximum 6‐min intensity of the rainfall factor leads to a linear increase of mean sediment concentration for crop cover over 21 per cent (e.g. from 2·96 g l−1 to 14·44 g l−1 for the 1–5 cm roughness class) and to an exponential increase for low crop cover (e.g. from 3·92 g l−1 to 58·76 g l−1 for the 1–5 cm roughness class). The implication of this work may bring perspective for erosion prediction modelling and give references for the development of interrill erosion equation. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A new stable space–time formulation for two‐dimensional and three‐dimensional incompressible viscous flow
Authors: N'dri Donatien , Garon André , Fortin André 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA space–time finite element method for the incompressible Navier–Stokes equations in a bounded domain in ℝd (with d=2 or 3) is presented. The method is based on the time‐discontinuous Galerkin method with the use of simplex‐type meshes together with the requirement that the space–time finite element discretization for the velocity and the pressure satisfy the inf–sup stability condition of Brezzi and Babuška. The finite element discretization for the pressure consists of piecewise linear functions, while piecewise linear functions enriched with a bubble function are used for the velocity. The stability proof and numerical results for some two‐dimensional problems are presented. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Accuracy and Reliability Considerations of Option Pricing Algorithms
Authors: Kwok Yue‐Kuen , Lau Ka‐Wo 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA wide variety of computational schemes have been proposed for the numerical valuation of various classes of
options. Experiences in numerical computation have revealed that the details of the implementation of the
auxiliary conditions in the numerical algorithms may have profound effects on numerical accuracy. Difficulties
in designing algorithms that deal with the path‐dependent payoffs, monitoring features, etc., have been
well reported in the literature. In this article, the theoretical issues on the assessment of numerical schemes
with regard to accuracy of approximation of auxiliary conditions, rate of convergence, and oscillation phenomena
are reviewed. In particular, the oscillation phenomena in bond‐price calculations and the intricacies in
implementing the auxiliary conditions in barrier options, proportional step options, and lookback options are
discussed. With different types of options and modes of monitoring (continuous or discrete), the
optimal method of placing the lattice nodes with reference to the boundary (absorbing or reflecting)
are examined in order to achieve linear temporal rate of convergence. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Jrl Fut Mark 21:875–903, 2001
Identification of the Osteopontin gene as a direct target of TP53
Authors: Morimoto Ichiro , Sasaki Yasushi , Ishida Setsuko , Imai Kohzoh , Tokino Takashi 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe TP53 tumor suppressor gene regulates a number of genes that are involved in cell‐cycle inhibition, apoptosis, and maintaining genetic stability. Recently, two genes that have a role in immunosurveillance were identified as downstream targets of TP53. These genes, TAP1 and fractalkine, may contribute to suppress tumor growth through host immunosurveillance. It has been reported that the mouse secreted phosphoprotein osteopontin (Opn) is one of the key cytokines for type 1 immune responses mediated by macrophages. It also was reported that Opn may play a role in suppressing tumor growth in vivo. Here we identified Opn as a Tp53‐target gene using mRNA differential display analysis of embryonic fibroblasts from Tp53‐deficient mice. Furthermore, we found that Opn expression was upregulated by DNA damage–induced Tp53 activity and by adenovirus‐mediated transfer of the human TP53 gene. In addition, a luciferase assay showed that the Opn gene has a functional Tp53‐responsive element in its promoter region, and a chromatin immunoprecipitation assay confirmed interaction between the Opn promoter and Tp53 protein in vivo. These results suggest that OPN is a direct transcriptional target of TP53. The TP53‐directed regulation of OPN expression suggests a novel model of TP53 participation in immunosurveillance, involving interaction with the host immune system to prevent damaged cells from undergoing malignant transformation. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A classification efficiency test of spectral karyotyping and multiplex fluorescence in situ hybridization: Identification of chromosome homologies between Homo sapiens and Hylobates leucogenys
Authors: Rens Willem , Yang Fengtang , O'Brien Patricia C. M. , Solanky Nita , Ferguson‐Smith Malcolm A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractTwo digital fluorescence microscopy systems, spectral karyotyping (SKY) and multiplex fluorescence in situ hybridisation (M‐FISH), are used with multicolour probe sets to assist in the detection of chromosome aberrations. We have compared the resolution of the two methods in their ability to identify karyotype rearrangements, which have occurred during the divergence of Homo sapiens and Hylobates leucogenys in evolution. A 24‐color human paint kit distinguishes 74 conserved autosomal segments in H. leucogenys, some of which are difficult to resolve. We examined the extent to which the SKY and M‐FISH techniques are able to detect the smallest of these bands. We have found this to be a rigorous test of multicolour chromosome classification systems. We conclude from our results that both systems are able invariably to classify the majority of conserved segments but differ in the efficiency of detection of small inserts. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Geologic sources and geographic distribution of sand tempers in prehistoric potsherds from the Mariana Islands
Authors: Dickinson William R. , Butler Brian M. , Moore Darlene R. , Swift Marilyn 
Published: August 2002

AbstractTemper sands in prehistoric potsherds of the Mariana Islands include terrigenous detritus derived from Paleogene volcanic bedrock and calcareous grains derived chiefly from modern fringing reefs, but also in part from uplifted Neogene limestones overlying volcanic bedrock. Calcareous sands are nondiagnostic of island of origin, but volcanic sands and the terrigenous component of hybrid sands composed of mixed terrigenous and calcareous grain types can be traced to geologic sources on Saipan and Guam, the only occupied islands where volcanic bedrock is extensively exposed. Quartzose tempers of several types were derived exclusively from dacitic volcanic rocks on Saipan. Nonquartzose tempers of andesitic parentage derive from both Saipan and Guam, but abundance of orthopyroxene as well as clinopyroxene is diagnostic of Saipan andesitic tempers, the presence of olivine is diagnostic of selected tempers from Guam, and placer temper sands rich in heavy ferromagnesian minerals occur only in sherds on Guam. Temper analysis documents widespread ceramic transfer from Saipan to other islands throughout Mariana prehistory, and more restricted ceramic transfer from Guam to nearby Rota, although the origin of some andesitic temper types is petrographically indeterminate. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A note on estimating the posterior density of a quantitative trait locus from a Markov chain Monte Carlo sample
Authors: Hoti Fabian J. , Sillanpää Mikko J. , Holmström Lasse 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe provide an overview of the use of kernel smoothing to summarize the quantitative trait locus posterior distribution from a Markov chain Monte Carlo sample. More traditional distributional summary statistics based on the histogram depend both on the bin width and on the sideway shift of the bin grid used. These factors influence both the overall mapping accuracy and the estimated location of the mode of the distribution. Replacing the histogram by kernel smoothing helps to alleviate these problems. Using simulated data, we performed numerical comparisons between the two approaches. The results clearly illustrate the superiority of the kernel method. The kernel approach is particularly efficient when one needs to point out the best putative quantitative trait locus position on the marker map. In such situations, the smoothness of the posterior estimate is especially important because rough posterior estimates easily produce biased mode estimates. Different kernel implementations are available from Rolf Nevanlinna Institute’s web page (http://www.rni.helsinki.fi/˜fjh). Genet. Epidemiol. 22:369–376, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effects of prolactin on intracellular calcium concentration and cell proliferation in human glioma cells
Authors: Ducret Thomas , Boudina Sihem , Sorin Bruno , Vacher Anne Marie , Gourdou Isabelle , Liguoro Dominique , Guerin Jean , Bresson‐Bepoldin Laurence , Vacher Pierre 
Published: August 2002

AbstractProlactin (PRL) has several physiological effects on peripheral tissues and the brain. This hormone acts via its membrane receptor (PRL‐R) to induce cell differentiation or proliferation. Using reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) combined with Southern blot analysis, we detected PRL‐R transcripts in a human glioma cell line (U87‐MG) and in primary cultured human glioblastoma cells. These transcripts were deleted or not in their extracellular domains. We examined the effects of PRL on intracellular free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) in these cells in order to improve our understanding of the PRL transduction mechanism, which is still poorly documented. [Ca2+]i was measured by microspectrofluorimetry using indo‐1 as the Ca2+ fluorescent probe. Spatiotemporal aspects of PRL‐induced Ca2+ signals were investigated using high‐speed fluo‐3 confocal imaging. We found that physiological concentrations (0.4–4 nM) of PRL‐stimulated Ca2+ entry and intracellular Ca2+ mobilization via a tyrosine kinase–dependent mechanism. The two types of Ca2+ responses observed were distinguishable by their kinetics: one showing a slow (type I) and the other a fast (type II) increase in [Ca2+]i. The amplitude of PRL‐induced Ca2+ increases may be sufficient to provoke several physiological responses, such as stimulating proliferation. Furthermore, PRL induced a dose‐dependent increase in [3H]thymidine incorporation levels and in cellular growth and survival, detected by the MTT method. These data indicate that PRL induced mitogenesis of human glioma cells. GLIA 38:200–214, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Modeling of activation data in the BrainMap™ database: Detection of outliers
Authors: Nielsen Finn Årup , Hansen Lars Kai 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe describe a system for meta‐analytical modeling of activation foci from functional neuroimaging studies. Our main vehicle is a set of density models in Talairach space capturing the distribution of activation foci in sets of experiments labeled by lobar anatomy. One important use of such density models is identification of novelty, i.e., low probability database events. We rank the novelty of the outliers and investigate the cause for 21 of the most novel, finding several outliers that are entry and transcription errors or infrequent or non‐conforming terminology. We briefly discuss the use of atlases for outlier detection. Hum. Brain Mapping 15:146–156, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthesis of 4H‐1,3‐oxathiin‐4‐ones by reaction of α‐diazo‐β‐diketone with thiones
Authors: Xu Jiaxi , Zhang Qihan 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA series of 2,2‐disubstituted 5,6‐diphenyl‐4H‐1,3‐oxathiin‐4‐ones was synthesized by cycloaddition of thiones with benzoylphenylketene, which was generated by the thermal Wolff rearrangement of 2‐diazo‐1,3‐diphenyl‐1,3‐propanedione. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 12:630–632, 2001
Socio‐economic health inequalities in Brazil: gender and age effects
Authors: Dolores Montoya Diaz M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis paper analyses Brazilian socio‐economic inequalities in health by measuring the concentration indices for the following variables: health expectancy, self‐assessed health status and chronic health problems. Data used were taken from the 1996/1997 Living Standard Measurement Study (LSMS). In summary, as far as gender distinction is concerned, the results showed that up to 5 years of age the mortality rates, reported appearance of chronic health problems as well as the self‐assessed health indicated that the boys were in worse health condition than the girls. After this age group there was a tendency for differences to disappear until adulthood, when the situation changed and the women consistently considered themselves less healthy. With reference to the socio‐economic inequalities, one generally finds larger differences within the women's groups. The analysis for the different age groups indicated that the pro‐rich inequalities increased with age. Both results were clearly proved, especially for the health expectancy variable, by adopting an adjustment of the dominance concept derived from literature on economic inequalities, consisting of comparing concentration curves. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Results of the treatment of locally invasive thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Kowalski Luiz Paulo , Filho João Gonçalves 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackgroundWell‐differentiated thyroid carcinoma usually has an excellent prognosis. However, when extrathyroidal invasion occurs, it is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. This report presents the experience of a single institution in the treatment of patients with locally invasive, well‐differentiated thyroid carcinoma.Patients and MethodsForty‐six patients with locally invasive well‐differentiated thyroid carcinoma were diagnosed. Histopathologic types included: 28 papillary carcinoma and 18 follicular.ResultsPatients with exclusive invasion of the muscle or recurrent laryngeal nerve usually had complete tumor resection. Patients with tracheal, laryngeal, or esophageal invasion usually underwent shave resection. The factors that adversely affected survival were: age >45 years, preoperative diagnosis of extrathyroidal extension, and incomplete resection (p < .05).ConclusionsThere were similar survival results after complete or shave resection and poor survival when the resection was incomplete. Tumors with minimal invasion can be treated by shave resection with acceptable survival and low morbidity. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 24: 340–344, 2002; DOI 10.1002/hed.10058
Proliferation index as a prognostic marker in hemangiopericytoma of the head and neck
Authors: Kowalski Paul J. , Paulino Augusto F. G. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackgroundHemangiopericytoma (HPC) of the head and neck is a rare neoplasm whose biologic behavior is difficult to predict by means of conventional histologic parameters.MethodsH & E–stained sections from 12 cases of HPC were reviewed. Proliferation index was assessed using an immunoperoxidase stain for MIB‐1 (Ki‐67).ResultsThe study group consisted of 4 adult men, 5 adult women, and 1 infant male. Necrosis, hypercellularity, and pleomorphism were found in 1, 5, and 6 case(s), respectively. The mitotic index per 10 high power fields varied from 0‐1 to 15. Proliferation indices using MIB‐1 ranged from 2.6% to 52.5%. Clinical follow‐up revealed 3 cases with recurrence all possessing proliferation indices of approximately 10%.ConclusionsStandard histomorphologic features may be inadequate predictors of clinical outcome. A proliferation index of 10% or greater may indicate a more aggressive subset of HPC of the head and neck. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Head Neck 23: 492–496, 2001.
The application of an empowerment model
Authors: Molleman Eric , van Delft Bas , Slomp Jannes 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn this study we applied an empowerment model that focuses on (a) the need for empowerment in light of organizational strategy, (b) job design issues such as job enlargement and job enrichment that facilitate empowerment, and (c) the abilities, and (d) the attitudes of workers that make empowerment work. We applied the model in the manufacturing department of a firm that produces catheters for medical use and interviewed managers and supporting staff and surveyed 231 operators. The leading performance indicators in this firm are efficiency and quality. The reassignment of 12 out of 33 tasks was believed to contribute to these organizational objectives. For most workers, their abilities and their attitudes toward empowerment proved to be no major barrier to the reallocation of these tasks. However, for temporary workers, mainly working in a “short shift,” the leeway to learn skills is limited, which probably impedes empowerment. The study shows that our model helps to diagnose the need for empowerment, to design work structures that facilitate empowerment, and to select appropriate human resource management practices. Further validation in other organizational settings is desirable. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Early induction of secretoneurin expression following kainic acid administration at convulsant doses in the rat and gerbil hippocampus
Authors: Marti E. , Blasi J. , Ferrer I. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe expression of secretogranin‐II and its major proteolytic product secretoneurin (SN) is under the control of neuronal excitation, as demonstrated by treating rats with the excitotoxic kainic acid (KA). Differences in the structure and function of the hippocampus in rats and gerbils have been described; these suggest possible differential reactive responses to KA. In the present study, the SN immunostaining pattern in relation with cell damage is analyzed from 6 h to 4 days following KA administration in rats and gerbils.Dramatic differences in the expression of SN were found in the hippocampal complex following KA administration in gerbils and rats. A robust increase in SN immunoreactivity was detected in the pyramidal cell layer of the rat hippocampus, especially in the CA1 area. In the gerbil, however, a strong increase in SN immunostaining was detected in interneurons of the hippocampal formation, as shown by double‐labeling immunohistochemistry to SN and the calcium‐binding proteins parvalbumin, calbindin, and calretinin. In addition, no damage (in the hippocampal formation) or moderate damage (in the entorhinal cortex) was observed in the gerbil, in contrast to the rat. The administration of KA and the GABA‐B receptor inhibitors (CGP56999A or CGP36742) to the gerbil resulted in a strong rise in SN immunoreactitivty in the CA1 pyramidal cell layer of the hippocampus, as in the rat. However, no increased cell damage was observed under these conditions.The present data provide evidence of a species‐differential reactive response to KA that might be based, in part, on distinct inhibitory intrahippocampal circuitry. Hippocampus 2002;12:174–185. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Flow field and heat transfer of a two‐dimensional impinging jet disturbed by an elastically suspended circular cylinder
Authors: Haneda Yoshiaki , Tsuchiya Yoshiaki , Kurasawa Hideo , Nakabe Kazuyoshi , Suzuki Kenjiro 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe flow field around a circular cylinder elastically suspended with a cantilever‐type plate spring in the jet impingement region was visualized to investigate the mechanism of the impingement heat transfer. The impingement distance H was kept constant at 3 or 5 times as large as the jet slot width, h = 15 mm.The Reynolds number was fixed at 10,000, or 5000 in the case of flow visualization. The self‐induced periodic swing motion of the cylinder across the jet axis was caused by the interaction between the jet and the elastically suspended cylinder. It was found that this swing motion has direct effects on the flow and heat transfer characteristics of the stagnation region. The ensemble‐averaged values of the flow velocity and its fluctuations depended on the cylinder diameter and the impingement distance. The local Nusselt number in the case of H/h = 3 with the oscillating cylinder of the smallest diameter D = 4 mm was increased to 1.15 times as large as that without the cylinder. The interesting patterns of the intermittency function defined with a certain threshold level of turbulence intensity were obtained under the above experimental conditions. © 2001 Scripta Technica, Heat Trans Asian Res, 30(4): 313–330, 2001