bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An In Vivo Study of the Host Response to Starch‐Based Polymers and Composites Subcutaneously Implanted in Rats
Authors: Marques Alexandra P. , Reis Rui L. , Hunt John A. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractSummary: Implant failure is one of the major concerns in the biomaterials field. Several factors have been related to the fail but in general these biomaterials do not exhibit comparable physical, chemical or biological properties to natural tissues and ultimately, these devices can lead to chronic inflammation and foreign‐body reactions. Starch‐based biodegradable materials and composites have shown promising properties for a wide range of biomedical applications as well as a reduced capacity to elicit a strong reaction from immune system cells in vitro. In this work, blends of corn starch with ethylene vinyl alcohol (SEVA‐C), cellulose acetate (SCA) and polycaprolactone (SPCL), as well as hydroxyapatite (HA) reinforced starch‐based composites, were investigated in vivo. The aim of the work was to assess the host response evoked for starch‐based biomaterials, identifying the presence of key cell types. The tissues surrounding the implant were harvested together with the material and processed histologically for evaluation using immunohistochemistry. At implant retrieval there was no cellular exudate around the implants and no macroscopic signs of an inflammatory reaction in any of the animals. The histological analysis of the sectioned interface tissue after immunohistochemical staining using ED1, ED2, CD54, MHC class II and α/β antibodies showed positively stained cells for all antibodies, except for α/β for all the implantation periods, where it was different for the various polymers and for the period of implantation. SPCL and SCA composites were the materials that stimulated the greatest cellular tissue responses, but generally biodegradable starch‐based materials did not induce a severe reaction for the studied implantation times, which contrasts with other types of degradable polymeric biomaterials.
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Specker sequences revisited
Authors: Simonsen Jakob G. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractSpecker sequences are constructive, increasing, bounded sequences of rationals that do not converge to any constructive real. A sequence is said to be a strong Specker sequence if it is Specker and eventually bounded away from every constructive real. Within Bishop's constructive mathematics we investigate non‐decreasing, bounded sequences of rationals that eventually avoid sets that are unions of (countable) sequences of intervals with rational endpoints. This yields surprisingly straightforward proofs of certain basic results fromconstructive mathematics. Within Russian constructivism, we show how to use this general method to generate Specker sequences. Furthermore, we show that any nonvoid subset of the constructive reals that has no isolated points contains a strictly increasing sequence that is eventually bounded away from every constructive real. If every neighborhood of every point in the subset contains a rational number different from that point, the subset contains a strong Specker sequence. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A Study on the Relationship Between the Crystal Structure and Hard Elasticity of PVDF Fibers
Authors: Du Chun‐Hui , Zhu Bao‐Ku , Xu You‐Yi 
Published: August 2005

AbstractSummary: Poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) fibers were prepared by melt‐spinning process. The crystal structure of annealed PVDF fibers was characterized by wide‐ and small‐angle X‐ray diffraction (WAXD and SAXD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Crystalline reflections of c‐axis orientation of annealed PVDF fibers were illustrated by WAXD pattern. The stacked lamellar structure aligned in the direction normal to the fiber axis was found in SAXD pattern and the d‐spacing of the lamellae was 13.4 nm. Such lamellar structure was supported by SEM micrographs as well. The elastic recovery of annealed PVDF fibers was above 80% from 50% extension, which was much higher than that of unannealed fibers on the first cycle. The initial elastic modulus of annealed fibers reached to a value of 3.5 GPa. The morphological and mechanical properties, all indicated that the annealed PVDF fibers had the characteristic of hard elasticity. A typical stress‐strain curve at a very low strain rate indicated the deformation of crystal lamellae in the fibers and a suggested structural deformation mechanism detailed the characteristics of hard elasticity.Cyclic loading to 50% extension of annealed PVDF fibers.magnified imageCyclic loading to 50% extension of annealed PVDF fibers.
Neuroleptic‐induced acute and chronic akathisia: A clinical comparison
Authors: Kim Jong‐Hoon , Jin Young‐Ho , Kang Ung Gu , Ahn Yong Min , Ha Kyoo‐Seob , Kim Yong Sik 
Published: August 2005

AbstractWe compared the severity of subjective and objective symptomatology of akathisia between the acute and chronic subtypes of neuroleptic‐induced akathisia. Sixty‐one schizophrenic subjects were evaluated. Multivariate analysis revealed that motor manifestations and distress of akathisia were less severe in chronic akathisia than in acute akathisia. The severity of subjective restlessness was not significantly different between the two groups. In conclusion, there were differences in the severity of symptoms and signs between the acute and chronic subtypes of akathisia, suggesting that the severity of the subjective and objective components of akathisia may be differentially affected by the duration of akathisia. © 2005 Movement Disorder Society
Influence of aggregate formation in the copolymerization of ethyl α‐hydroxymethylacrylate with methyl methacrylate
Authors: Cuervo‐Rodríguez R. , París‐Escribano R. , Fernández‐Monreal M. C. , Madruga E. L. , Fernández‐García M. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractEthyl α‐hydroxymethylacrylate was homopolymerized and copolymerized with methyl methacrylate in chlorobenzene and 1,4‐dioxane solutions at 50 °C with 1.5 × 10−2 mol/L 2,2′‐azobisisobutyronitrile as an initiator and a global monomer concentration of 3.0 mol/L. The experiments showed differences in the calculated values of the monomer reactivity ratios in both solvents. The kinetic behavior was analyzed in terms of the implicit penultimate effect and the radical reactivity ratios. All the parameters were examined with respect to the aggregation ability of the ethyl α‐hydroxymethylacrylate monomer. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 4187–4195, 2005
Generation and analysis of a protein–protein interface data set with similar chemical and spatial patterns of interactions
Authors: Mintz Shira , Shulman‐Peleg Alexandra , Wolfson Haim J. , Nussinov Ruth 
Published: August 2005

AbstractProtein–protein interfaces are regions between 2 polypeptide chains that are not covalently connected. Here, we have created a nonredundant interface data set generated from all 2‐chain interfaces in the Protein Data Bank. This data set is unique, since it contains clusters of interfaces with similar shapes and spatial organization of chemical functional groups. The data set allows statistical investigation of similar interfaces, as well as the identification and analysis of the chemical forces that account for the protein–protein associations. Toward this goal, we have developed I2I‐SiteEngine (Interface‐to‐Interface SiteEngine) [Data set available at http://bioinfo3d.cs.tau.ac.il/Interfaces; Web server: http://bioinfo3d.cs.tau.ac.il/I2I‐SiteEngine]. The algorithm recognizes similarities between protein–protein binding surfaces. I2I‐SiteEngine is independent of the sequence or the fold of the proteins that comprise the interfaces. In addition to geometry, the method takes into account both the backbone and the side‐chain physicochemical properties of the interacting atom groups. Its high efficiency makes it suitable for large‐scale database searches and classifications. Below, we briefly describe the I2I‐SiteEngine method. We focus on the classification process and the obtained nonredundant protein–protein interface data set. In particular, we analyze the biological significance of the clusters and present examples which illustrate that given constellations of chemical groups in protein–protein binding sites may be preferred, and are observed in proteins with different structures and different functions. We expect that these would yield further information regarding the forces stabilizing protein–protein interactions. Proteins 2005. 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Book Reviews
Authors: Watkinson Anthony 
Published: August 2005

Let Them Eat Cake by Tom Angus Author House, Bloomington, IN, USA 2005 ISBN 1‐4208‐1049‐9 (e), 1‐4208‐1048‐0 (sc), £12.99Books in the Digital Age: The Transformation of Academic and Higher Education Publishing in Britain and the United States by John B. Thompson Polity Press, 2005, ISBN 0 7456 3477 X (hb), £65, 0 7456 3478 8 (pb), £19.99
The property development process
Authors: Fisher Peter 
Published: August 2005

PurposeThis paper aims to contribute to the theory of property development as a complex process that involves multiple drivers, stakeholders and contributions from many academic disciplines.Design/methodology/approachThe paper presents a web‐based model of the property development process consisting of seven defined major elements, each of which is subdivided and linked by functional relationships. The model is applied to three linked case studies drawn from Grainger Town in Newcastle upon Tyne, UK, which involve the conversion or redevelopment of listed buildings in the context of urban regeneration.FindingsThe case studies examined demonstrate the influential roles of many private sector actors and different arms of government. Site characteristics were found to have a bearing on events, as did long‐term trends. These inputs were often independent of economic or property market forces.Research limitations/implicationsThe paper relates primarily to commercial development in the UK. The three case studies inevitably present particular circumstances, though they do represent the reuse of existing urban sites, which is highly complex and increasingly the norm.Practical implicationsThe findings of this paper should be of practical benefit to anyone involved in property development and of particular interest to organisations whose core business is not development or to anyone engaged in a public‐private development partnership.Originality/valueThis paper presents an original way of conceiving the property development process using a web‐based model. The model may be used to analyse situations where development is strongly influenced by social, political or environmental factors.
Perceived risk and the consumer buying process: internet airline reservations
Authors: Cunningham Lawrence F. , Gerlach James H. , Harper Michael D. , Young Clifford E. 
Published: August 2005

PurposeThis research aims to investigate the premise that the use of internet airline reservation systems is perceived to be riskier than traditional airline reservation shopping.Design/methodology/approachA survey of 263 respondents investigated perceived risk at various stages of the consumer buying process.FindingsThe results reveal that perceived risk for airline reservation services follows a pattern throughout the consumer buying process. When viewed as a dynamic process, perceived risk for internet airline services shows more radical changes in risk levels than the traditional service. The analyses indicate that performance, physical, social, and financial risk are related to perceived risk at certain stages of the consumer buying process.Practical implicationsA major finding of this study is that there is a risk premium for internet airline reservation services and the risk premium permeates all stages of the consumer buying process. It is further demonstrated that the internet risk premium does affect usage levels; implying that the internet risk premium is consequential and warrants the implementation of risk mitigation strategies.Originality/valueUnlike previous studies on perceived risk that typically focused on the relationship of perceived risk and information search, this study examines the dynamics of perceived risk throughout the various stages of the consumer buying process.
Exploring the performance effects of key‐supplier collaboration
Authors: Corsten Daniel , Felde Jan 
Published: August 2005

PurposeTo examine the conditions under which the proposed benefits of collaboration between a firm and its suppliers will occur.Design/methodology/approachThis paper examines buyer‐supplier relationships from the point of view of the buying firm. The paper is based on a Swiss sample of OEM‐supplier relationships. The research question is empirically tested employing a sample of 135 Swiss buyer‐supplier relationships and using structured equation modelling as well as multi‐group comparison to test for quasi‐moderation effects. In this paper it is investigated under which condition collaboration with key suppliers is beneficial for buyers. By linking collaboration with key performance measures and contrasting its effects with relational constructs like trust and dependence it is hoped to add to the growing literature on inter‐organizational relationships in supply chain contexts.FindingsThe results demonstrate that supplier collaboration has a positive effect on buyer performance both in terms of innovative capability and financial results. As expected, trust and dependence play an important role in supplier relationships.Research limitations/implicationsThis research is based on a single country (Switzerland) multi‐industry study. Generalizability to other industries or countries may be limited.Practical implicationsSupplier relationships need governance modes that balance control and relational elements. Relationship controlling is an important element in building successful supplier relationships. In order to be able to reap the benefits of collaboration for the entire company, the purchasing department needs incentives that support relationship building. Managers leading a purchasing department can learn what structural elements and processes are necessary to obtain optimal benefits from their supply base.Originality/valueFrom a manager's viewpoint, this paper will provide additional insight into when and how collaboration can improve financial performance, enhance innovation, and reduce transaction costs..
Pseudospectral element model for free surface viscous flows
Authors: Chern M.J. , Borthwick A.G.L. , Eatock Taylor R. 
Published: August 2005

PurposeThe research is directed at development of an efficient and accurate technique for modelling incompressible free surface flows in which viscous effects may not be neglected. The paper describes the methodology, and gives illustrative results for simple geometries.Design/methodology/approachThe pseudospectral matrix element method of discretisation is selected as the basis for the CFD technique adopted, because of its high spectral accuracy. It is implemented as a means of solving the Navier‐Stokes equations coupled with the modified compressibility method.FindingsThe viscous solver has been validated for the benchmark cases of uniform flow past a cylinder at a Reynolds number of 40, and 2D cavity flows. Results for sloshing of a viscous fluid in a tank have been successfully compared with those from a linearised analytical solution. Application of the method is illustrated by the results for the interaction of an impulsive wave with a surface piercing circular cylinder in a cylindrical tank.Research limitations/implicationsThe paper demonstrates the viability of the approach adopted. The limitation of small amplitude waves should be tackled in future work.Practical implicationsThe results will have particular significance in the context of validating computations from more complex schemes applicable to arbitrary geometries.Originality/valueThe new methodology and results are of interest to the community of those developing numerical models of flow past marine structures.
The semantic learning organization
Authors: Sicilia Miguel‐Ángel , Lytras Miltiadis D. 
Published: August 2005

PurposeThe aim of this paper is introducing the concept of a “semantic learning organization” (SLO) as an extension of the concept of “learning organization” in the technological domain.Design/methodology/approachThe paper takes existing definitions and conceptualizations of both learning organizations and Semantic Web technology to develop the new concept.FindingsThe main points in which Semantic Web technology can be applied to learning in organizations are identified, and ontological accounts of organizational earning behaviour are pointed out as the main open question to develop the concept of a SLO.Originality/valueThe paper provides a new conceptual framework for Semantic Web applications in organizational learning, which can be used as a roadmap for further research.
Metaphoric boundary objects as co‐ordinating mechanisms in the knowledge sharing of innovation processes
Authors: Koskinen Kaj U. 
Published: August 2005

PurposeIn order that knowledge distribution in companies can be efficient and effective, it should take place without boundaries. However, this is not often the reality. People tend to build up their own boundaries, often creating overly technical terminology so that others cannot participate in what they do. In other words, identity hinges on difference. Establishing these identities weakens the existence of real innovative companies and reinforces barriers within and between organisations. The ability of companies to transcend these barriers is partly based on the recognition of boundary objects. This means that the better the companies understand the nature of the existing boundary objects, the better they can take actions that will help to overcome existing barriers. Therefore the goal of the paper is to highlight boundary objects that co‐ordinate knowledge sharing within and between firms' innovation processes.Design/methodology/approachThere are many different types of boundary objects. The conceptual paper especially addresses the question of what kind of role metaphoric boundary objects play in the knowledge sharing within and between firms' innovation processes. The study is conducted with the help of a literature survey.FindingsThe results of the study suggest that metaphoric boundary objects may play a significant role as a co‐ordinating mechanism in the knowledge sharing of companies' innovation processes.Originality/valueThe relevance of metaphoric boundary objects resides in the fact that with them companies can create the necessary shared understanding behind the framing and resolution of the emerging problem in innovation activities.
Developments in the inhibition of gastric acid secretion
Authors: Mössner J. , Caca K. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractUnderstanding the physiology of gastric acid secretion and the pathophysiology of acid‐related diseases (e.g. gastrooesophageal reflux and peptic ulcer) has led to the development of numerous ways to decrease acid exposure. Pharmacologically one can try to neutralize secreted acid by antacids, prevent stimulation of the parietal cell, improve mucosal defences and block the functioning of the proton pump. Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) inhibit the final step of acid secretion, and are currently the most potent acid inhibitors. Major therapeutic improvement within the PPI class appears unlikely, as agents in this class share similar chemistry, mode of action, and pharmacokinetic profiles. New approaches that block acid secretion are now being developed. Gastrin (CCK2) receptor antagonists and potassium‐competitive acid blockers (P‐CABs) are in clinical development.
Attitudes to Bereavement and Intellectual Disabilities in an Irish Context
Authors: Dodd Philip , McEvoy John , Guerin Suzanne , McGovern Elizabeth , Smith Elaine , Hillery John 
Published: August 2005

Background  The influence of grief and bereavement on the lives of people with intellectual disabilities is currently receiving much interest. Many of the long‐standing rituals associated with bereavement are still practised in Ireland, probably more than in many other Western countries. The present authors were interested in studying the experience of bereavement for people with intellectual disabilities in Ireland, and in making international comparisons.Method  This mixed method study was carried out using two questionnaires. The first was used to study national service and organisational approaches to bereavement. The second questionnaire (based on Murray et al. 2000) was used to study a staff group working in Ireland, assessing staff knowledge and understanding of the grieving process. The results were compared with a UK staff group who were assessed using the same questionnaire (Murray et al. 2000).Results  Staff and service attitudes were found to be very positive in supporting people with intellectual disabilities who have been bereaved. There is considerable understanding of the needs of bereaved individuals, and there is a high level of support in the participation in grief rituals. When compared with a UK staff group, Irish staffs were more inclined to encourage individuals to take part in bereavement rituals, though they had less actual experience in supporting bereaved people. Only one service had written bereavement guidelines.Conclusions  There appears to be cultural differences in the experience of bereavement for people with intellectual disabilities. This is important in the context of staff training and policy development in grief and bereavement.
Classification of Epileptic Seizures: A Hospital‐Based Study of 1,250 Patients in a Developing Country
Authors: Senanayake Nimal 
Published: August 2005

Summary:The 1981 International Classification of Epileptic Seizures (ICES) was used to study the distribution of seizure types in 1,250 patients attending an Epilepsy Clinic in Sri Lanka. Based on seizure symptomatology 94.6% of the cases could be classified, and by adding the routine interictal EEG findings the percentage of classifiable seizures increased to 97%. Partial seizures (73.8% cases) were three times as common as generalized seizures (23.3% cases). Of the partial seizures, simple partial seizures (SPS) accounted for only 0.4% cases, and complex partial seizures (CPS) for 8.8%, whereas partial seizures secondarily generalized (PSGS) accounted for 64.6%. PSGS had simple onset in 12.5% and complex onset in 34.8% of cases. Myoclonic seizures were the commonest of the generalized seizures, accounting for 14.6% of all cases. Tonic‐clonic seizures accounted for 7.4% of cases; absence seizures accounted for only 1.3%. The study showed the 1981 ICES to be relevant and applicable in a clinical setting with limited investigatory facilities. Difficulties encountered with regard to certain subcategories could be overcome with minor modifications which made the classification operative. Routine EEG confirmed the diagnosis in a significant number of cases but changed the diagnosis in only a few, confirming that a good standardized questionnaire is the key instrument for classifying epileptic seizures.
Stimulus‐Sensitive Seizures in Postanoxic Coma
Authors: Van Cott Anne C. , Blatt Ilan , Brenner Richard P. 
Published: August 2005

Summary: Purpose: To describe four patients with stimulus‐sensitive seizures and myoclonus following severe hypoxic‐ischemic injury.Methods: In 22 months, four adult patients with myoclonus, generalized tonic‐clonic, and clonic seizures following tactile stimulation were identified. EEG and hospital records were reviewed.Results: EEGs showed bursts of generalized spike and polyspike activity following tactile stimulation associated with the clinical seizures. No cerebral activity was present between the epileptiform bursts. At times, prolonged periods of suppression were recorded. All patients failed to respond to antiepileptic drugs and died.Conclusions: Stimulus‐sensitive seizures and myoclonus following anoxia are associated with poor clinical outcome. The presence of seizures and myoclonus in conjunction with epileptiform discharges on EEG confirms that post‐anoxic myoclonus is an epileptic state.