bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Structure of the Free Volume in Poly(styrene‐co‐acrylonitrile) from Positron Lifetime and Pressure Volume Temperature (PVT) Experiments
Authors: Dlubek Günter , Pionteck Jürgen , Kilburn Duncan 
Published: March 2004

AbstractSummary: The structure of the free volume and its temperature dependence between 25 and 190 °C of copolymers of styrene with acrylonitrile, SAN (0 to 50 mol‐% AN), is studied by pressure volume temperature (PVT) experiments and positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS). In this first part of the work, PVT data are reported which were analysed with the Simha‐Somcynsky equation of state (S‐S eos) to estimate the volume fraction of holes, h, which constitute the excess free volume. The temperature and pressure dependence of the specific volume V, the specific occupied and free volume, Vocc = (1 − h)V and Vf = hV, and the corresponding isobaric expansivities and isothermal compressibilities for both the rubbery and glassy state, are estimated. We obtained the unexpected results that (i) the occupied volume changes its coefficient of thermal expansion at Tg from αocc,g ≈ 0.5αg ≈ 1 × 10−4 K−1 below Tg to almost zero above Tg and (ii) the isothermal compressibility of the occupied volume at zero pressure is rather high, κocc ≈ 2 × 10−4 MPa−1, and decreases only slightly at Tg. The variation of total, occupied, and free volume parameters with the composition of the SAN copolymers is discussed.Specific volume V of SAN50 as a function of temperature T and as selection of isobars (in MPa).magnified imageSpecific volume V of SAN50 as a function of temperature T and as selection of isobars (in MPa).
Salience and choice: Neural correlates of shopping decisions
Authors: Ambler Tim , Braeutigam Sven , Stins John , Rose Steven , Swithenby Stephen 
Published: March 2004

AbstractNoninvasive brain imaging was used to observe 18 subjects, each making 90 choices of three brands on a virtual (video) supermarket visit. Package height provided a control for the main experiment. Brain activations in brand choice differed from those for height discrimination, and choice times were faster when one brand was more familiar. Brand choice appeared to involve silent vocalization. Decision processes took approximately 1 s and can be seen as two halves. The first period seems to involve problem recognition and here male brain patterns differed from female. The second half concerned the choice itself. No male/female differences were observed but a different pattern was evoked where one brand was familiar and the other two were not. The right parietal cortex was strongly activated in this case. This research pioneers new techniques using relatively few subjects and against a limited theoretical background. As such it must be classified as exploratory. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The interplay of social influence and nature of fulfillment: Effects on consumer attitudes
Authors: Bailey Ainsworth Anthony 
Published: March 2004

AbstractSales promotional activities account for a significant portion of the integrated marketing communications budget of most companies because brand managers realize the effectiveness of these activities in meeting certain marketing communication objectives. However, there are times when promotional plans backfire, and promotions go unfulfilled. Much of this is reported in the media, and these reports are likely to trigger discussions about the companies involved in the nonfulfillment. Although much research has focused on the impact of sales promotional activities on consumers' responses and attitudes, not much has focused on how nonfulfillment of promotional promises and social influence might operate to color consumers' perceptions of a company. This article reports on an experimental study that was conducted to investigate this issue. Results indicate significant effects of the nature of fulfillment on corporate credibility, brand attitude, and patronage intentions; significant social influence effects on brand attitude, patronage, and switching intentions; and an interaction effect of social influence and fulfillment on switching intentions. The implications for brand managers and marketing communications managers are discussed, and areas for future research are proposed. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Advancing means–end chains by incorporating Heider's balance theory and Fournier's consumer–brand relationship typology
Authors: Woodside Arch G. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractMeans–end chain theory proposes that knowledge held in consumer's memory is organized in a hierarchy with concrete thoughts linked to more abstract thoughts in a sequence progressing from means (i.e., product features), to psychological and social consequences, and finally to ends (i.e., fulfillment of personal values). This article proposes several advances in the theory. First, specific buying and consumption situations serve as frames of reference when consumers are thinking about products and alternative features of products and brands. Second, states of psychological imbalance may occur in consumers' minds among linkages retrieved automatically for features–consequences and consequences–values; thus, Heider's balance theory informs means–end chain theory and research. The theoretical and practical usefulness of means–end research increases from asking consumers to name an acceptable alternative to the product and brand used in a recent consumption situation, as well as an unacceptable option, and to describe the features–consequences–values of these options; consequently, Fournier's alternative relationships of consumer–brands (e.g., casual friendships, marriages, enmities) become relevant for means–end chain theory. To examine the propositions empirically, the article describes psychological schemas for four means–end chains that link two consumers' recent lived consumption situations to personal values. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A nonverbal test of naturalistic memory for alcohol commercials
Authors: Stacy Alan W. , Pearce Steve G. , Zogg Jennifer B. , Unger Jennifer , Dent Clyde W. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractThis study investigated a nonverbal test of memory for naturally occurring events: alcohol commercials. Such tests, supported by dual‐code and transfer‐appropriate processing perspectives from basic research, are useful for research on consumer behavior and public health. The participants were 750 adolescents who completed a nonverbal test of memory, tailored to detect prominent visual features of remembered alcohol commercials. The results showed (a) that independent judges reliably coded primary features of remembered advertisements along most dimensions, and (b) the test met important criteria for convergent and discriminant validity in comparisons with other measures. Applications were proposed for research on advertising effects, health behavior, and media copy testing. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Psychogenic palatal tremor
Authors: Williams David R. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractRecent criteria for the classification of palatal tremor use clinical, imaging, and electrophysiological features to differentiate essential and symptomatic forms. A case of probable psychogenic palatal tremor (PPT) is described within the context of these criteria, which lack clear guidelines for diagnosing PPT. The heterogenous nature of essential palatal tremor and its relationship with PPT, voluntary palatal movements, and tics is discussed. © 2003 Movement Disorder Society
Gliomatosis cerebri may present as an atypical parkinsonian syndrome
Authors: Molho Eric S. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractAn 85‐year‐old man presented with 3 years of a progressive akinetic rigid syndrome with ataxia, falls, levodopa unresponsiveness, and autonomic dysfunction. Early in the course of illness, cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was thought to show pontine enlargement but later was reinterpreted by experts as normal. Two subsequent cranial MRIs were believed to show only mild atrophy. An initial clinical diagnosis of multiple system atrophy was made. The patient died 4 years after the onset of symptoms. Pathological examination revealed diffuse infiltration of multiple brain regions with cells of astrocytic and microglial origin consistent with a diagnosis of gliomatosis cerebri. © 2003 Movement Disorder Society
Identification of psychogenic, dystonic, and other organic tremors by a coherence entrainment test
Authors: McAuley John , Rothwell John 
Published: March 2004

AbstractThe differentiation of psychogenic from organic tremors, particularly those of a dystonic nature, can be difficult on clinical grounds. Entrainment of tremulous movements of different body parts into a single rhythm has been used clinically as a means of distinguishing these tremor forms, based on the inability of a patient with hysterical tremor to generate voluntary tapping oscillations independent of their ongoing tremor oscillation. The coherence entrainment test is a quantified electrophysiological entrainment test performed on accelerometer or surface EMG tremor signals. This test was carried out on 25 patients referred with suspected psychogenic tremor or dystonic tremor and on 10 normal subjects attempting to tap two independent voluntary oscillations. Using established and new clinical diagnostic criteria, patients were assigned the following final clinical diagnoses: 6 cases of clinically definite dystonic tremor, 5 cases of probable dystonic tremor, 2 cases of classic essential tremor, 5 cases of clinically definite psychogenic tremor, 3 cases of probable psychogenic tremor and 4 uncertain cases. On comparing these clinical diagnoses with those reached by a coherence entrainment test subsequently carried out on each patient, there was 100% concordance in both clinically definite and clinically probable patients. In uncertain cases, when later clinical information came to light, this also corroborated with the coherence entrainment diagnosis. No normal subjects were able to “mimic” organic tremor. The coherence entrainment test appears to be a sensitive and specific means of distinguishing psychogenic tremor from dystonic and other organic tremors. © 2003 Movement Disorder Society
Initial boundary value problem for a system of generalized IMBq equations
Authors: Chen Guowang , Zhang Hongwei 
Published: March 2004

AbstractThe existence and uniqueness of the global generalized solution and the global classical solution to the initial boundary value problem for a system of generalized IMBq equations

are proved. This paper also arrives at some sufficient conditions of blow up of the solution in finite time. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Wave front sets of the Riemann function of elastic interface problems
Authors: Shimizu Senjo 
Published: March 2004

AbstractWe obtain an inner and an outer estimates of wave front sets and analytic wave front sets of the Riemann function of elastic interface problems by using the localization method due to Wakabayashi. In our problem the outer estimate of wave front sets and analytic wave front sets of the Riemann function coincides with the inner estimate of those. The strong point of our results is to catch the lateral wave as well as the incident, the reflected, and the refracted waves. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Robust exponential attractors for Cahn‐Hilliard type equations with singular potentials
Authors: Miranville Alain , Zelik Sergey 
Published: March 2004

AbstractOur aim in this article is to study the long time behaviour of a family of singularly perturbed Cahn‐Hilliard equations with singular (and, in particular, logarithmic) potentials. In particular, we are able to construct a continuous family of exponential attractors (as the perturbation parameter goes to 0). Furthermore, using these exponential attractors, we are able to prove the existence of the finite dimensional global attractor which attracts the bounded sets of initial data for all the possible values of the spatial average of the order parameter, hence improving previous results which required strong restrictions on the size of the spatial domain and to work on spaces on which the average of the order parameter is prescribed. Finally, we are able, in one and two space dimensions, to separate the solutions from the singular values of the potential, which allows us to reduce the problem to one with a regular potential. Unfortunately, for the unperturbed problem in three space dimensions, we need additional assumptions on the potential, which prevents us from proving such a result for logarithmic potentials. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modelling traffic flow with a time‐dependent fundamental diagram
Authors: Li Tong 
Published: March 2004

AbstractWe model traffic flow with a time‐dependent fundamental diagram. A time‐dependent fundamental diagram arises naturally from various factors such as weather conditions, traffic jam or modern traffic congestion managements, etc. The model is derived from a car‐following model which takes into account the situation changes over the time elapsed time. It is a system of non‐concave hyperbolic conservation laws with time‐dependent flux and the sources.The global existence and uniqueness of the solution to the Cauchy problem is established under the condition that the variation in time of the fundamental diagram is bounded. The zero relaxation limit of the solutions is found to be the unique entropy solution of the equilibrium equation. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Approximation by Maxwell–Herglotz‐fields
Authors: Weck Norbert 
Published: March 2004

AbstractBy a general argument, it is shown that Maxwell–Herglotz‐fields are dense (with respect to the C∞(Ω)‐topology) in the space of all solutions to Maxwell's equations in Ω. This is used to provide corresponding approximation results in global spaces (e.g. in L2‐Sobolev‐spaces Hm(Ω)) and for boundary data. Proofs are given within the framework of generalized Maxwell's equations using differential forms. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A new policy‐aware terminal for QoS, AAA and mobility management
Authors: Chaouchi Hakima 
Published: March 2004

AbstractPolicy‐based management has been widely studied in recent years. The Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) has recently introduced the policy‐based networking as a means of managing IP networks according to the new constraints defined in the network, such as the guarantee of the quality of service (QoS). Network management based on policies, is modelled as a state machine, which moves from one state to another according to the enforced policy. The IETF policy‐based networking is defined for application to network nodes. However, some recent work suggests extending the policy‐based networking to the end‐user terminals. In this paper, we present an analysis of such an extension and we propose some possible solutions to support new policy‐aware terminals. In addition, we present AAA, QoS and mobility management that user such a policy‐aware terminals. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Call admission control in cellular networks: A reinforcement learning solution
Authors: Senouci Sidi‐Mohammed , Beylot André‐Luc , Pujolle Guy 
Published: March 2004

AbstractIn this paper, we address the call admission control (CAC) problem in a cellular network that handles several classes of traffic with different resource requirements. The problem is formulated as a semi‐Markov decision process (SMDP) problem. We use a real‐time reinforcement learning (RL) [neuro‐dynamic programming (NDP)] algorithm to construct a dynamic call admission control policy. We show that the policies obtained using our TQ‐CAC and NQ‐CAC algorithms, which are two different implementations of the RL algorithm, provide a good solution and are able to earn significantly higher revenues than classical solutions such as guard channel. A large number of experiments illustrates the robustness of our policies and shows how they improve quality of service (QoS) and reduce call‐blocking probabilities of handoff calls even with variable traffic conditions. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Efficient visualization of large routing topologies
Authors: Au Siew Cheong , Leckie Christopher , Parhar Ajeet , Wong Gerard 
Published: March 2004

AbstractAs the Internet grows in size and complexity, network managers face a significant challenge in trying to understand the behaviour of routing protocols in large networks. In this paper, we present a tool called VLNT (visualizing large network topologies), which helps network managers to analyse complex routing topologies. A key contribution of our system is a novel hybrid layout algorithm, which significantly reduces the computation time required to layout large network topologies in comparison to conventional layout approaches. In addition our algorithm includes a novel termination criterion that avoids unnecessary iterations when optimizing the network layout. We demonstrate how the visualization features of VLNT can be used to analyse and improve BGP routing topologies, and provide examples using real‐life routing data. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Self‐similar and fractal nature of Internet traffic
Authors: Chakraborty D. , Ashir A. , Suganuma T. , Mansfield Keeni G. , Roy T. K. , Shiratori N. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractThe self‐similar bursty Internet traffic is usually characterized by the Hurst parameter (H). Such a process is also seen to possess fractal characteristics in time described by a parameter (β), with multifractals in most cases. We observe that these highly stochastic traffics have fractals in flow density too, described by a fractal dimension (D), also with the possibiliy of multifractals as in the former. This requires another parameter for the description of Internet traffic, besides the usual self‐similarity parameter β or H and the different simulations or models worked out to understand the Internet traffic to reproduce the characteristics as found in the present work. We also find a notable self‐similarity feature of the autocorrelations in the data and its aggregates, in all the cases studied. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Scalability and performance of an agent‐based network management middleware
Authors: Bivens Alan , Gupta Rashim , McLean Ingo , Szymanski Boleslaw , White Jerome 
Published: March 2004

AbstractRapid growth of computer network sizes and uses necessitate analysis of network application middleware in terms of its scalability as well as performance. In this paper we analyze a distributed network management middleware based on agents that can be dispatched to locations where they can execute close to the managed nodes. The described middleware operates between the network protocol layer and the application layer and uses standard TCP protocol and SNMP probes to interface the network. By aggregating requests from many users into a single agent, our system allows multiple managers to probe problem areas with minimal management traffic overhead. We discuss and quantify the benefits of the described middleware by implementing real‐time network managers using our system.The main result of this paper is a comparison of scalability and efficiency of our agent‐based management middleware and traditional SNMP‐based data collection. To this end, we measured traffic in both real and simulated networks. In the latter case, we designed, used and described here a method of separating simulated application flow into separate subflows to simplify design of simulations. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Treatment effects and satisfaction in diabetic patients changing from multiple daily insulin injections to CSII
Authors: Garmo A , Pettersson‐Frank B , Ehrenberg A 
Published: March 2004

AbstractThe aims of this study were to describe how patients with diabetes mellitus type 1 experience a new treatment and daily living conditions when changing from multiple daily insulin injections to continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) and to study the effects on metabolic control when changing therapy.In all, 23 patients responded to Bradley's Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire (DTSQ) before and six months after change of treatment. HbA1c was collected from records and semi‐structured interviews were conducted with four of the patients after the change of therapy.The findings show significant improvement concerning metabolic control, treatment satisfaction and perceived frequency of unacceptable hypo‐ and hyperglycaemic events six months after changing to CSII. The interview data indicated a pronounced concern for high values of HbA1c, but at the same time patients expressed the view that health care personnel focused too narrowly on this measure. The patients reported a greater sense of freedom and that planning daily living was made easier with CSII. However, they were anxious regarding incidents of pump breakdown. All patients conveyed their satisfaction with CSII in that it had positively changed their daily life. The patients also reported disadvantages with CSII, but they felt that the advantages far outweighed the disadvantages. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Diabetes service provision in primary care: a baseline survey in a city primary care trust (PCT)
Authors: Farooqi A , Dodd L , Stribling B , Jarvis J , Davies MJ , Khunti K 
Published: March 2004

AbstractPrimary care trusts (PCTs) are a key plank of the modernisation of the NHS in the UK. They have a unique role in the commissioning and provision of services to local communities. A baseline assessment of diabetes service provision in primary care is vital in establishing current levels of service and in developing service models relevant to local populations. We have developed and evaluated an audit tool to baseline diabetes services in primary care. We used this tool in the Eastern Leicester PCT which serves a population of 180 000 with a high South Asian population, estimated to be around 50%. This PCT has a high number of single‐handed general practices serving a deprived population. The survey was undertaken using direct interviewing of key members of the primary health care team, using a semi‐structured interview lasting for around an hour. All practices in the PCT were involved. The results of this survey highlighted major deficiencies in current services, e.g. only 10% of the practices had a structured plan for providing education for people with diabetes. It also demonstrated how regional estimates of the prevalence of diabetes in the UK may seriously underestimate the ‘true’ prevalence in some localities. This study highlights the uphill task many PCTs will face in terms of meeting the national service framework standards and providing basic elements of diabetes care. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Kerraboot®: A novel wound dressing device for the management of leg and foot ulcers
Authors: Leigh R , Barker S , Murray N , Hurel SJ 
Published: March 2004

AbstractFoot and lower leg ulcers are particularly common in patients with diabetes. Current management strategies are often complex and time consuming for health care professionals and uncomfortable for the patient. A novel wound dressing device, the Kerraboot®, was assessed for its ease of use and patient acceptability in 14 patients with foot and lower leg ulcers. The dressing device was used for a period of up to 28 days, after which patients and health care professionals were asked to complete questionnaires. The results confirmed the comfort, utility, convenience and ease of application and removal of the Kerraboot® in the management of such ulcers. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.