bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dirac spinor scattering states with positive‐energy in rotating spheroid models
Authors: Gao Zhi‐Fu , Chen Ci‐Xing , Wang Na , Zhao Xin‐Jun , Wang Zhao‐Jun 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThere are many rotating spheroids in the universe, and many astronomers and physicists have used theoretical methods to study the characteristics of stellar gravity since Newton's time. This paper derives the solutions of eight scattering states ,, and for the Dirac equation with positive‐energy , and establishes the relationship between the differential scattering cross section and the stellar density . It is found that: (1) For the eight scattering states, their average scattering cross‐sections are proportional to , and depend on the star's radius, and the higher the stellar density , the greater the sensitivity of to the change of ; (2) For the four scattering states , their average scattering amplitudes and depend on the mass of the particles; while for the other four scattering states , , then and are independent of . This study links the gravitational characteristics of stars with the scattering cross section, creating a new method for studying the gravitational characteristics, which helps to reveal the mystery of the gravity of rotating ellipsoidal stars.
Highly active cobalt(II) and copper(II) complexes supported by aminomethylquinoline mediating stereoselective ring‐opening polymerization of rac‐lactide
Authors: Lee Jaegyeong , Nayab Saira , Kumar Ameet , Kim Dongil , Jung Hyewon , Lee Sang‐Ho , Cho Daeheum , Lee Hyosun 
Published: February 2024

AbstractCobalt(II) and copper(II) complexes supported by 4‐(quinolin‐2‐ylmethyl)morpholine (L) were characterized, and their reactivity toward the ring‐opening polymerization (ROP) of rac‐lactide (rac‐LA) was studied. The use of [LMCl2]/LiOiPr and [LMCl2]/LiMe (M = Co, Cu) resulted in over 95% conversion within 10 min at 25 °C. The effect of the initiating group and geometry of the metal complexes steered the heterotactic enchainment of the resultant polylactide(PLA). The Co(II)/LiMe system represents the first example of the ROP of rac‐LA with high heterotactic enchainment (Pr = 0.92) with 98% conversion at 0 °C.
From Reddit to manifestos: Forensic evaluation of incel online activity
Authors: Dupré Juliette K. , Tastenhoye Camille A. , Ross Nina E. , Bodnar Tetyana V. , Hatters Friedman Susan 
Published: February 2024

AbstractForensic evaluators are increasingly called upon to review online collateral information, including social media posts, web forum posts, chat histories, and other sources such as manifestos. This information is especially vital when assessing members of a virtual community such as that of the involuntary celibate, or incel community. While this new wealth of information can add valuable context to the forensic assessment, it presents unique challenges for the evaluator including challenges with authenticity and interpretation. This article will present an approach to evaluations of such collateral, including a review of the relevant empirical research in this area and touch upon important areas to consider in the forensic evaluation of incel online activity.
Natural Product Isolation of the Extract of Cleome rupicola Fruits Exhibiting Antioxidant Activity
Authors: Gambrill Yumi , Commins Patrick , Schramm Stefan , Lui Nathan M. , AlNeyadi Shaikha S. , Naumov Panče 
Published: February 2024

AbstractCataracts are the leading cause of blindness worldwide, however, there is currently no drug‐based treatment. Plants that exhibit antioxidant properties have shown promising anticataract effects, likely because they supplement the activity of glutathione, the major antioxidant in lens cells. An extract of Cleome rupicola, a desert plant found in the United Arab Emirates, has traditionally been used to treat cataracts. Phytochemical screening of the aqueous extract established the presence of flavonoids, tannins, steroid derivatives, and reducing sugars. Fractioning of extracts from the fruits using high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) yielded the isolation of the anthelmintic compound cleomin, and its structure was confirmed using mass spectrometry (MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy.
Design, Synthesis and In‐Silico Studies of Piperidine‐Dihydropyridine Hybrids as Anticancer Agents
Authors: Rejinthala Swathi , Endoori Srinivas , Thumma Vishnu , Mondal T. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn this study, we designed, synthesized and characterized a novel series of piperidine‐dihydropyridine hybrid compounds and characterized them by 1H‐NMR, 13C NMR, mass spectrometry (MS), and elemental analysis. Subsequently, we assessed their in vitro anticancer potentials against the human breast adenocarcinoma cell line MCF‐7 and the lung cancer cell line A‐549. Several of these compounds demonstrated significant activity, with IC50 values ranging from 15.94 μM to 48.04 μM for A‐549 and 24.68 μM to 59.12 μM for MCF‐7, when compared to the reference drug Cisplatin.Notably, a compound featuring a 3‐fluoro substitution in the carboxamide series exhibited robust inhibitory effects, with an IC50 of 15.94±0.201 μM against A‐549 cells and an IC50 of 22.12±0.213 μM against MCF‐7 cells, respectively. Additionally, a compound containing a cyclobutyl ring displayed potent activity, with an IC50 of 16.56±0.125 μM against A‐549 and an IC50 of 24.68±0.217 μM against MCF‐7 cells, respectively. Furthermore, molecular docking studies against the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) (PDB ID: 2J6M) revealed favourable binding scores and interactions, suggesting their potential as promising candidates for further investigation in the context of anticancer drug development.
Na2S2O3 Catalyzed Three‐Component Synthesis and Anti‐Bacterial Activity of 3‐Methyl‐4‐(hetero)arylmethylene isoxazole‐5(4H)‐ones
Authors: Bi Yongchang , Wang Jingjun , Bian Xingyu , Chen Mingyue , Zhu Guangyuan , Zhang Yumin , Gu Qiang 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAn efficient and green method for synthesizing 3‐methyl‐4‐(hetero) arylmethylene isoxazole‐5(4H)‐ones was developed using a recyclable and environmental–friendly catalyst, Na2S2O3, and 16 target compounds were successfully synthesized under the obtained optimal reaction condition. Using rifampicin as a positive control, the antibacterial activity of all synthesized compounds was tested by micro dilution method, among them, 3‐methyl‐4‐[(2,4‐dimethoxyphenyl) methylene]‐isoxazole‐5‐one (4 m) presented wonderful antimicrobial activity, which may contribute to the development of anti‐tuberculosis drugs.
Analyzing the Antioxidant Activity and Fatty Acid Composition of Monofloral Mullein (Verbascum sp.) Pollen Oil obtained via Various Extraction Techniques
Authors: Dursun İnan , Felek İkranur , Çobanoğlu Duygu Nur 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis study focused on characterizing fatty acids and evaluating the antioxidant properties in oils extracted from mullein (Verbascum sp.) bee‐collected pollen, utilizing soxhlet and ultrasound‐assisted methods with acetone and hexane solvents. Soxhlet extraction demonstrated high efficiency in mullein bee pollen oil extraction. The highest levels of total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), DPPH⋅, and ABTS⋅+ activities (41.07±1.43 mg GAE/g extract; 1.86±0.01 mg QE/g extract; 16.23±0.68 mg TE/g extract; 56.88±0.43 mg TE/g extract, respectively) were observed in oil extracted using the soxhlet method with acetone solvent. Conversely, ultrasound‐assisted extraction with hexane yielded oils rich in saturated fatty acids, while acetone extraction contained higher monounsaturated fatty acids. Palmitic, linoleic, and oleic acids were predominant in the extracted oils. This study introduces, for the first time, the identification of fatty acids found in mullein bee pollen oil, along with an examination of their antioxidant properties. The choice of solvent was found to significantly influence compound extraction compared to the extraction method.
Carbon quantum dots for efficient hydrogen production: A critical review
Authors: Sharma Mukesh , Kafle Saroj Raj , Singh Anju , Chakraborty Arun , Kim Beom Soo 
Published: February 2024

AbstractFluorescent carbon nanoparticles, also known as carbon quantum dots (CQDs), have piqued the interest of researchers due to their numerous uses in chemical sensing, biomedical imaging, nanotechnology, photovoltaics, LEDs, and hydrogen generation. Aside from their optical brilliance, CQDs have benefits like low toxicity, environmental friendliness, cost‐effectiveness, and ease of manufacture, with adjustable properties via surface passivation and functionalization. This review article goes over CQDs in‐depth, addressing synthesis advances, benefits, limits, various synthesis processes, and prospective hydrogen generation applications. While CQDs have photocatalytic properties, they confront a few challenges, including low quantum yields, spectrum limitations, photostability limitations, limited catalytic activity, scaling difficulties, and environmental issues. Thorough research is required to use CQDs in sustainable hydrogen generation. Despite obstacles, CQD research remains appealing, with transformational promise for a cleaner and more sustainable energy future through controlled synthesis approaches displaying CQDs’ many uses.
A novel two‐phase near‐infrared and midinfrared wavelength selection framework for sample classification
Authors: Fontes Juliana , Anzanello Michel J. , Brito João B. G. , Bucco Guilherme B. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractSpectral data describing product samples are typically composed of a large number of noisy and irrelevant wavelengths that tends to undermine the performance of multivariate predictive techniques. This paper proposes a two‐phase framework that integrates a preselection wavelength step oriented by wavelength clustering to a wrapper‐based strategy. The first phase performs a pruning process in the data that removes the less informative wavelengths relying on the spectral clustering, a technique deemed suitable to the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and near‐infrared (NIR) spectroscopy data at hand. The preselected wavelengths undergo a second phase of selection efforts based on the combination of different wavelength importance indices (i.e., Bhattacharyya distance, Chi‐square, ReliefF, and Gini) and classification techniques (i.e., support vector machine, k‐nearest neighbors, and random forest). When applied to 11 FTIR datasets from different domains, the recommended combination of importance index and classifier increased the average accuracy by 6.37% (from 0.863 to 0.918), while retaining average 3.84% of the original spectra. The framework also improved the selection process regarding computational time.
Asymmetric Carbene Transformations for the Construction of All‐Carbon Quaternary Centers
Authors: Yao Minghan , Dong Shanliang , Xu Xinfang 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAsymmetric catalytic carbene reactions have been well documented in the last few decades for the expeditious assembly of chiral molecules with structural diversity. However, the enantioselective construction of all‐carbon quaternary centers remains a challenge in this area. In this review article, two types of asymmetric carbene reactions that beyond cyclopropanation, cyclopropenation, and Büchner reaction, have been summarized for the construction of all‐carbon quaternary centers: 1) using carbene species as a 1C synthon that reacts with a trisubstituted prochiral center; 2) sequential installation of two different C−C bonds on the carbene position, which features a gem‐difunctionalization reaction. Especially, the asymmetric metal carbene gem‐dialkylation process, which has emerged as a practical and versatile method for the expeditious assembly of complex architectures from readily available chemical resources, is a complementary approach for the expeditious assembly of all‐carbon quaternary centers.
Engineering Detrimental Functional Groups in Conductive Additives Toward High‐Performance All‐Solid‐State Batteries
Authors: Li Jianqing , Xu Daren , Yao Shiyu , Du Fei 
Published: February 2024

AbstractConductive additives are of great importance for the adequate utilization of active materials in all‐solid‐state lithium batteries by establishing conductive networks in the composite cathode. However, it usually causes severe interfacial side reactions with solid electrolytes, especially sulfide electrolytes, leading to sluggish ion transportation and accelerated performance degradation. Herein, a simple hydrogen thermal reduction process is proposed on a commonly used conductive additive Super P, which effectively removes the surface oxygen functional groups and weakens the interfacial side reactions with sulfide. With a small amount of 1 wt % reduced Super P, ASSLBs demonstrates a competitive capacity of 180.2 mAh g−1, which is much higher than the 130.8 mAh g−1 of untreated Super P. Impressively, reduced Super P based ASSLBs also exhibit a higher capacity retention of 81.8 % than 64.6 % of untreated Super P. The cathode interfacial chemical evolutions reveal that reduced Super P could effectively alleviate the side reactions of sulfide. Reduced Super P shows better reversible capacity compared to reduced carbon nanofiber with almost no loss of capacity retention, due to its more complete conductive network. Our results highlight the importance of oxygen‐containing functional groups for conductive additives, lightening the prospect of low‐cost 0D conductive additives for practical ASSLBs.
Improving batch schedulers with node stealing for failed jobs
Authors: Du Yishu , Marchal Loris , Pallez Guillaume , Robert Yves 
Published: February 2024

SummaryAfter a machine failure, batch schedulers typically re‐schedule the job that failed with a high priority. This is fair for the failed job but still requires that job to re‐enter the submission queue and to wait for enough resources to become available. The waiting time can be very long when the job is large and the platform highly loaded, as is the case with typical HPC platforms. We propose another strategy: when a job fails, if no platform node is available, we steal one node from another job , and use it to continue the execution of despite the failure. In this work, we give a detailed assessment of this node stealing strategy using traces from the Mira supercomputer at Argonne National Laboratory. The main conclusion is that node stealing improves the utilization of the platform and dramatically reduces the flow of large jobs, at the price of slightly increasing the flow of small jobs.
Coarsening droplets for frosting delay on hydrophilic slippery liquid‐infused porous surfaces
Authors: Sarma Jyotirmoy , Monga Deepak , Guo Zongqi , Chen Fangying , Dai Xianming 
Published: February 2024

AbstractFrosting occurs due to the freezing of condensed water droplets on a supercooled surface. The nucleated frost propagates through interdroplet bridges and covers the entire surface, resulting from the deposition of highly supersaturated vapor surrounding tiny droplets. While inhibition of the formation of frost bridges is not possible, the propagation of frost can be delayed by effectively removing tiny droplets. Passive technologies, such as superhydrophobic surfaces (SHS) and hydrophobic slippery liquid‐infused porous surfaces (SLIPS), rely on static growth and direct contact with densely distributed droplets. However, use of these approaches in delaying frost propagation involves challenges, as the interdroplet distance remains small. Here, we report a new approach of spontaneous droplet movement on hydrophilic SLIPS to delay the formation of interdroplet frost bridges. Surface tension forces generated by the hydrophilic oil meniscus of a large water droplet efficiently pull neighboring droplets with a diameter of less than 20 μm from all directions. This causes a dynamic separation between water droplets and an adjacent frozen droplet. Such a process delays the formation and propagation of interdroplet frost bridges. Consequently, there is significant delay in frosting on hydrophilic SLIPS compared to those on SHS and hydrophobic SLIPS.
Pedigree analysis in the mhorr gazelle (Nanger dama mhorr): Genetic variability evolution of the captive population
Authors: Domínguez Sonia , Cervantes Isabel , Gutiérrez Juan Pablo , Moreno Eulalia 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBreeding programs have an essential role in the recovery of threatened populations through optimal genetic management and mating strategies. The dama gazelle (Nanger dama) is a North African ungulate listed as critically endangered. The mhorr subspecies is extinct in the wild and currently survives thanks to the creation in 1971 of an ex situ breeding program. The aim of the present study was to assess the evolution of genetic variability in this mhorr gazelle captive population, as well as the mating strategy used in two reference populations studied (Almeria and Europe). The entire pedigree, with 2739 animals, was analyzed to measure demographic characters, pedigree completeness level, probability of gene origin, level of relatedness and genetic structure of the population. The population size has been progressively increasing, with up to 264 individuals alive in Europe at the time of the study. The average number of equivalent complete generations was 5.55. The effective number of founders and ancestors was both 3, and the founder genome equivalent was 1.99. The genetic contributions of the four main ancestors were unbalanced. The average values of inbreeding and average relatedness for the whole pedigree were, respectively, 28.34% and 50.14%. The effective population size was 8.7 by individual increase in inbreeding and 9.8 by individual increase in coancestry. F‐statistics evidenced a very small level of population subdivision (FST = 0.033370). The mating strategy used, based on the minimum coancestry of the individuals, has minimized the losses of genetic variability and helped to balance the genetic contributions between ancestors. The strategy also avoided large subdivisions within the population and the appearance of new bottlenecks. This study shows how pedigree analysis can both be used to determine the genetic variability of the population and to assess the influence of the mating strategy used in the breeding program on such variability.
Causes and prognosis of adults experiencing a first seizure in adulthood: A pilot cohort study conducted in five countries in Latin America
Authors: Carpio Arturo , Salgado Carla , DiCapua Daniela , Fleury Agnes , Suastegui Roberto , Giagante Brenda , Aguilera Ledda , Quijada Alonso , Nuñez Lilia , Villanueva Manuela , Plascencia‐Alvarez Noel , Hamamoto Filho Pedro T , Piedra Luis M. , Silva‐Rosas Carlos , Kelvin Elizabeth A. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThere are limited data on first seizure (FS) among adults in low and middle‐income countries. We describe findings from a prospective cohort study involving 180 adults presenting with seizures in emergency departments in five Latin American countries. Overall, 102 participants (56.7%) had acute symptomatic seizures (ASyS) while 78 (43.3%) had unprovoked seizures (UPS). Among patients with ASyS, 55 (53.9%) had structural causes, with stroke (n = 24, 23.5%), tumor (n = 10, 9.8%), and trauma (n = 3, 3%) being the most frequent. Nineteen patients (18.6%) had infectious causes, including four (4%) with meningoencephalitis, three (3%) neurocysticercosis, and two (2%) bacterial meningoencephalitis. Twenty patients (19.6%) had metabolic/toxic evidence, including four (4%) with uremic encephalopathy, two (2%) hyponatremia, and three (3%) acute alcohol intoxication. Immune dysfunction was present in seven (7%) patients and neurodegenerative in two (2%). Among participants with UPS, 45 (57.7%) had unknown etiology, 24 (30.7%) had evidence of structural disorders (remote symptomatic), four (5%) were related to infectious etiology (>7 days before the seizure), and five (6.4%) had genetic causes. During the 3‐ and 6‐month follow‐up, 29.8% and 14% of patients with UPS, respectively, experienced seizure recurrence, while 23.9% and 24.5% of patients with ASyS had seizure recurrence. Longer follow‐up is necessary to assess seizure recurrence for patients with ASyS after the acute cause is resolved and to determine the 10‐year risk of recurrence, which is part of the definition of epilepsy.Plain Language SummaryWe monitored 180 adults who presented with their first seizure in emergency departments across five Latin American countries. Among these patients, 57% had acute symptomatic seizures, with structural causes such as stroke (23%), infection (17%), or tumor (10%) being more prevalent. Among the 43% with unprovoked seizures, 58% showed no identifiable acute cause, while 6.4% were due to genetics. Within 3 months after their initial seizure, 26.6% of individuals experienced a second seizure, with 11.9% continuing to have seizures in Months 3–6. Between Months 3 and 6, an additional 20% of patients encountered a second seizure. Research is needed to better understand the cause and prognosis of these patients to improve outcomes.
The importance of routine genetic testing in pediatric epilepsy surgery
Authors: Becker Lena‐Luise , Makridis Konstantin L. , Abad‐Perez Angela T. , Thomale Ulrich‐Wilhelm , Tietze Anna , Elger Christian E. , Horn Denise , Kaindl Angela M. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractGenetic variants in relevant genes coexisting with MRI lesions in children with drug‐resistant epilepsy (DRE) can negatively influence epilepsy surgery outcomes. Still, presurgical evaluation does not include genetic diagnostics routinely. Here, we report our presurgical evaluation algorithm that includes routine genetic testing. We analyzed retrospectively the data of 68 children with DRE operated at a mean age of 7.8 years (IQR: 8.1 years) at our center. In 49 children, genetic test results were available. We identified 21 gene variants (ACMG III: n = 7, ACMG IV: n = 2, ACMG V: n = 12) in 19 patients (45.2%) in the genes TSC1, TSC2, MECP2, DEPDC5, HUWE1, GRIN1, ASH1I, TRIO, KIF5C, CDON, ANKD11, TGFBR2, ATN1, COL4A1, JAK2, KCNQ2, ATP1A2, and GLI3 by whole‐exome sequencing as well as deletions and duplications by array CGH in six patients. While the results did not change the surgery indication, they supported counseling with respect to postoperative chance of seizure freedom and weaning of antiseizure medication (ASM). The presence of genetic findings leads to the postoperative retention of at least one ASM. In our cohort, the International League against Epilepsy (ILAE) seizure outcome did not differ between patients with and without abnormal genetic findings. However, in the 7/68 patients with an unsatisfactory ILAE seizure outcome IV or V 12 months postsurgery, 2 had an abnormal or suspicious genetic finding as a putative explanation for persisting seizures postsurgery, and 3 had received palliative surgery including one TSC patient. This study highlights the importance of genetic testing in children with DRE to address putative underlying germline variants as genetic epilepsy causes or predisposing factors that guide patient and/or parent counseling on a case‐by‐case with respect to their individual chance of postoperative seizure freedom and ASM weaning.Plain Language SummaryGenetic variants in children with drug‐resistant epilepsy (DRE) can negatively influence epilepsy surgery outcomes. However, presurgical evaluation does not include genetic diagnostics routinely. This retrospective study analyzed the genetic testing results of the 68 pediatric patients who received epilepsy surgery in our center. We identified 21 gene variants by whole‐exome sequencing as well as deletions and duplications by array CGH in 6 patients. These results highlight the importance of genetic testing in children with DRE to guide patient and/or parent counseling on a case‐by‐case with respect to their individual chance of postoperative seizure freedom and ASM weaning.