bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regionally adjusted stochastic earthquake ground motion models, associated variabilities and epistemic uncertainties
Authors: Sunny Jaleena , de Angelis Marco , Edwards Benjamin 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAn optimisation-based calibration technique, using the area metric, is applied to determine the input parameters of a stochastic earthquake-waveform simulation method. The calibration algorithm updates a model prior, specifically an estimate of a region’s seismological (source, path and site) parameters, typically developed using waveform data, or existing models, from a wide range of sources. In the absence of calibration, this can result in overestimates of a target region’s ground motion variability, and in some cases, introduce biases. The proposed method simultaneously attains optimum estimates of median, range and distribution (uncertainty) of these seismological parameters, and resultant ground motions, for a specific target region, through calibration of physically constrained parametric models to local ground motion data. We apply the method to Italy, a region of moderate seismicity, using response spectra recorded in the European Strong Motion (ESM) dataset. As a prior, we utilise independent seismological models developed using strong motion data across a wider European context. The calibration obtains values of each seismological parameter considered (such as, but not limited to, quality factor, geometrical spreading and stress drop), to develop a suite of optimal parameters for locally adjusted stochastic ground motion simulation. We consider both the epistemic and aleatory variability associated with the calibration process. We were able to reduce the area metric (misfit) value by up to 88% for the simulations using updated parameters, compared to the initial prior. This framework for the calibration and updating of seismological models can help achieve robust and transparent regionally adjusted estimates of ground motion, and to consider epistemic uncertainty through correlated parameters.
Reservoir porosity assessment and anomaly identification from seismic attributes using Gaussian process machine learning
Authors: Rahma Putra Maulana Hutama , Hermana Maman , Yogi Ida Bagus Suananda , Hossain Touhid Mohammad , Abdurrachman Muhammad Faris , Kadir Said Jadid A. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPorosity, as one of the reservoir properties, is an important parameter to numerous studies, i.e., the reservoir’s oil/gas volume estimation or even the storage capacity measurement in the Carbon Capture Storage (CCS) project. However, an approach to estimate porosity using elastic property from the inversion propagates its error, affecting the result’s accuracy. On the other hand, direct estimation from seismic data is another approach to estimating porosity, but it poses a high non-linear problem. Thus, we propose the non-parametric machine learning approach, Gaussian Process (GP), which draws distribution over the function to solve the high non-linear problem between seismic data with porosity and quantify the prediction uncertainty simultaneously. With the help of Random Forest (RF) as the feature selection method, the GP predictions show excellent results in the blind test, a well that is completely removed from the training data, and comparison with other machine learning models. The uncertainty, standard deviation from GP prediction, can act as a quantitative evaluation of the prediction result. Moreover, we generate a new attribute based on the quartile of the standard deviation to delineate the anomaly zones. High anomaly zones are highlighted and associated with high porosity from GP and low inverted P-impedance from inversion results. Thus, applying the GP using seismic data shows its potential to characterize the reservoir property spatially, and the uncertainty offers insights into quantitative and qualitative evaluation for hydrocarbon exploration and development.
Drugs for treating infections caused by non-tubercular mycobacteria: a narrative review from the study group on mycobacteria of the Italian Society of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine
Authors: Calcagno A. , Coppola N. , Sarmati L. , Tadolini M. , Parrella R. , Matteelli A. , Riccardi N. , Trezzi M. , Di Biagio A. , Pirriatore V. , Russo A. , Gualano G. , Pontali E. , Surace L. , Falbo E. , Mencarini J. , Palmieri F. , Gori A. , Schiuma M. , Lapadula G. , Goletti D. ,   for the Study Group on Mycobacteria (MYGRO) of the Italian Society of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine (SIMIT).
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
Non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are generally free-living organism, widely distributed in the environment, with sporadic potential to infect. In recent years, there has been a significant increase in the global incidence of NTM-related disease, spanning across all continents and an increased mortality after the diagnosis has been reported. The decisions on whether to treat or not and which drugs to use are complex and require a multidisciplinary approach as well as patients’ involvement in the decision process.

Methods and Results
This review aims at describing the drugs used for treating NTM-associated diseases emphasizing the efficacy, tolerability, optimization strategies as well as possible drugs that might be used in case of intolerance or resistance. We also reviewed data on newer compounds highlighting the lack of randomised clinical trials for many drugs but also encouraging preliminary data for others. We also focused on non-pharmacological interventions that need to be adopted during care of individuals with NTM-associated diseases

Conclusions
Despite insufficient efficacy and poor tolerability this review emphasizes the improvement in patients’ care and the needs for future studies in the field of anti-NTM treatments.
Lunar orbits for telecommunication and navigation services
Authors: Cinelli Marco , Ortore Emiliano , Mengali Giovanni , Quarta Alessandro A. , Circi Christian 
Published: February 2024

AbstractOrbits that are frozen in an averaged model, including the effect of a disturbing body laying on the equatorial plane of the primary body and the influence of the oblateness of the primary body, have been applied to probes orbiting the Moon. In this scenario, the main disturbing body is represented by the Earth, which is characterized by a certain obliquity with respect to the equatorial plane of the Moon. As a consequence of this, and of the perturbing effects that are not included in the averaged model, such solutions are not perfectly frozen. However, the orbit eccentricity, inclination, and argument of pericenter present limited variations and can be set to guarantee the fulfillment of requirements useful for lunar telecommunication missions and navigation services. Taking advantage of this, a practical case of a Moon-based mission was investigated to propose useful solutions for potential near-future applications.
Human-mediated migration of plants, their pathogens and parasites
Authors: Miedaner Thomas , Garbelotto Matteo M. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe adoption of agriculture in several parts of the world during the early Neolithic period led to a fundamental change in human migration. By introducing newly domesticated crops into new environments, pathogens and parasites were also inadvertently transferred from their regions of origin and underwent a considerable population growth. In the newly settled regions, some pests of indigenous plants adapted to new crops by host switching. This review is limited to three basic migration events and mainly to agricultural crops of the temperate zone: (1) the migration of the first farmers from SE Asia to Europe, (2) European expansion from the 16th century onward, (3) modern globalization since the 20th century. Molecular analyses offer the opportunity to study the evolutionary history of pest populations, their origin and dynamics and their spread around the world. Cereals’ rusts and powdery mildew, storage insects were the first to spread with wheat species, barley, and pulses from the Levant across Eurasia. The Columbian exchange of crops to and from the Americas brought entirely new pests to Europe while old world pathogens spread to the Americas and subsequently to all other regions colonized by Europeans. Modern globalization further facilitated the spread of pathogens and insects worldwide, as previously inconceivable amounts of agricultural products, business travelers, and maybe tourists have elevated global accessibility. This is illustrated by case studies based on fungi and insects. In the near future, pests will have colonized all crops in all countries where they can exist according to their agro-climatic requirements.
Cloud-integrated cyber–physical systems: Reliability, performance and power consumption with shared-servers and parallelized services
Authors: Ma Shuyi , Li Jin , Li Jianping , Xie Min 
Published: February 2024

AbstractCloud systems, which are typical cyber–physical systems, consist of physical nodes and virtualized facilities that collaborate to fulfill cloud computing services. The advent of visualization technology engenders resource sharing and service parallelism in cloud services, introducing novel challenges to system modeling. In this study, we construct a systematic model that concurrently evaluates system reliability, performance, and power consumption (PC) while delineating cloud service disruptions arising from random hardware and software failures. Initially, we depict system states using a birth–death process that accommodates resource sharing and service parallelism. Given the relatively concise service duration and regular failure distributions, we employ transient-state transition probabilities instead of steady-state analysis. The birth–death process effectively links system reliability, performance, and PC through service durations governed by service assignment decisions and failure/repair distributions. Subsequently, we devise a multistage sample path randomization method to estimate system metrics and other factors related to service availability. The findings highlight that the trade-off between performance and PC, under the umbrella of reliability guarantees, hinges on the equilibrium between service duration and unit power. To further delve into the subject, we formulate optimization models for service assignment and juxtapose optimal decisions under varying availability scenarios, workload levels, and service attributes. Numerical results indicate that service parallelism can improve performance and conserve energy when the workload remains moderate. However, as the workload escalates, the repercussions of resource sharing-induced performance loss become more pronounced due to resource capacity limitations. In cases where system availability is constrained, resource sharing should be approached cautiously to ensure adherence to deadline requirements. This study theoretically analyzes the interrelations among system reliability, performance, and PC, offering valuable insights for making informed decisions in cloud service assignments.
A 6-Week Ketogenic Diet Enhances the Phosphocreatine Energy System Contribution During Intermittent Sprints
Authors: Pretorius Anika , Engelbrecht Louise , Terblanche Elmarie 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Team sports often involve intermittent sprints. During these activities the Phosphocreatine-ATP buffer (ATP-PCr) signifies the major anaerobic energy substrate. While the effects of ketogenic diets (KD) on carbohydrate and fat metabolism during endurance exercise are widely reported, we explored keto-adaptation in ATP-PCr metabolism during intermittent sprint exercise.

Methods
Following a within-subject repeated measures design, 15 recreationally active participants (7 men, 8 women, aged 25.1 ± 6.4 years) performed cycle ergometer intermittent sprints (6 × 10 s sprints, 2 min recovery) with VO2 and blood lactate measurements for energy system calculations. These laboratory tests were performed in alternate weeks; First, twice at baseline on their habitual diet (HD) (35% CHO, 45% fat, 20% protein) and thereafter over a 6-week KD (7% CHO, 66% fat, 28% protein).

Results
Repeated measures ANOVA’s and Bonferroni tests revealed ATP-PCr derived energy increased significantly from HD to KD week 6 (+ 22.0 ± 43.15 J; P = 0.019; ES = 0.47). From HD to KD week 2, anaerobic glycolytic contribution lowered (− 14.4 ± 28.16 J; P = 0.031; ES = − 0.10) and peak blood [lactate] reduced significantly (− 2.92 ± 0.851 mmol; P = 0.004; ES = − 0.73). There was no statistically significant within-subject change in mean sprint power (P = 0.356).

Conclusion
The 6-week KD did not compromise intermittent sprint performance. The findings suggest that the ATP-PCr energy pathway may be a novel site of metabolic keto-adaptation. This, combined with the lowered blood [lactate] we observed, presents desirable metabolic adaptations for intermittent sprint sport athletes.
Consensus on clinical diagnosis and treatment of fumarate hydratase-deficient renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Shen Yu , Liu Zhenhua , Wei Qiang , Xue Wei 
Published: February 2024

AbstractFumarate hydratase-deficient renal cell carcinoma (FH-RCC) is an independent pathological subtype of renal cell carcinoma with a clear driver gene and a high degree of malignancy. Recent studies have found that patients with somatic FH mutations have similar clinico-biological behavior and poor prognosis to patients with germline FH mutations. FH-RCC has the characteristics of early age of onset, atypical imaging manifestations, variable pathological patterns, difficult clinical diagnosis and poor effect on traditional drug treatment, thus greatly endangering the life and health of patients. Under the organization of the Rare Kidney Cancer Collaborative Group, Genitourinary Cancer Committee, China Anti-Cancer Association, this guideline was developed based on basic research, clinical cohort and evidence-based medicine evidence, including imaging manifestations, pathological diagnosis, genetic testing, surgical and systemic treatment options, and provided recommendations and references for the diagnosis and treatment norms.
Unreinforced concrete masonry for circular construction
Authors: Bhooshan Shajay , Dell’Endice A. , Ranaudo F. , Van Mele T. , Block P. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis paper proposes an effective approach to realise circular construction with concrete, and shows Unreinforced Masonry as a foundational building block for it.The paper outlines the importance of circularity in building structures. It specifically focuses on the impact of circular construction with concrete on improving the sustainability of the built environment in a rapidly urbanising world economy. Subsequently, the relevance of principles of structural design and construction of unreinforced masonry to achieve circularity is articulated. Furthermore, the paper presents and summarises recent developments in the field of Unreinforced Concrete Masonry (URCM) including digital design tools to synthesise structurally efficient shapes, and low-waste digital fabrication techniques using lower-embodied-emission materials to realise the designed shapes. The paper exemplifies these using two physically realised, full-scale URCM footbridge prototypes and a commercially available, mass-customisable building floor element, called the Rippmann Floor System (RFS).The paper also outlines the benefits of mainstream, industrial-scale adoption of the design and construction technologies for URCM, including accelerating the pathway to decarbonise the concrete industry. In summary, the paper argues that URCM provides a solution to significantly mitigate the carbon emissions associated with concrete and reduce the use of virgin resources whilst retaining its benefits such as widespread and cheap availability, endurance, fire safety, low maintenance requirements and recyclability.
A simple and effective method to remove pigments from heterologous secretory proteins expressed in Pichia pastoris
Authors: Li Tingting , Cai Hongmin , Lai Yanling , Yao Hebang , Li Dianfan 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPichia pastoris is a popular yeast host for high-level heterologous expression of proteins on an industrial scale owing to its reliable expression, robust growth, high fermentation density, and easy genetic manipulation and cultivation at a relatively low cost. Of particular interest is its high secretion efficiency for small proteins including insulin, human serum albumin, vaccines, enzymes, and llama-derived heavy-chain only antibodies (nanobodies) for pharmaceutical and research applications. However, a recurring challenge in using P. pastoris heterologous secretory proteins is the co-purification of a sticky, yellow pigment which has been identified as a tetra-benzoyl disaccharide. Current methods for pigment removal involve crystallization of the heterologous secretory protein, active carbon absorption, and chromatography using cation exchange and hydrophobic interaction. Here, we present a simple and effective method to remove the yellow pigment, demonstrated with divalent nanobodies targeting SARS-CoV-2. The method entails capturing the nanobody on an affinity column and subsequent washing with the zwitterionic detergent lauryldimethylamine N-oxide (LDAO). We anticipate the method become generally useful to remove pigments from secretion proteins produced in P. pastoris, offering a practical solution to enhance the purity of heterologous proteins in various biotechnological applications.
Use of VEGA data to analyse balloon options for possible subsequent long endurance Venus cloud layer missions
Authors: Dorrington G.E. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The vertical motions and buoyancy variations of the two VEGA super-pressure balloons, flown in the middle cloud layer of Venus, are discussed. Using data derived from these 1985 nightside flights, estimates are made of the energy required to operate some alternative balloon platform schemes under consideration for future-proposed Venus-atmosphere in situ science missions. Despite the dissimilarity of these alternative platform schemes, the energy inputs required to operate each scheme on the Venus nightside are found to be similar. Estimates of the associated mass penalties of the associated energy sources are also made. Further investigation of a vertical propulsive assist scheme is recommended.
Design and dynamic analysis of supporting mechanism for large scale space deployable membrane sunshield
Authors: Chang B.Y. , Guan X. , Liang D. , Yan S.J. , Jin G.G. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractStray light from the sun is one of the most significant factors affecting image quality for the optical system of a spacecraft. This paper proposes a method to design a deployable supporting mechanism for the sunshield based on origami. Firstly, a new type of space mechanism with single-closed loop was proposed according to thick-panel origami, and its mobility was analysed by using the screw theory. In order to design a deployable structure with high controllability, the tetrahedral constraint was introduced to reduce the degree of freedom (DOF), and a corresponding deployable unit named tetrahedral deployable unit (TDU) was obtained. Secondly, the process to constructing a large space deployable mechanism with infinite number of units was explained based on the characteristics of motion and planar mosaic array, and kinematics analysis and folding ratio of supporting mechanism were conducted. A physical prototype was constructed to demonstrate the mobility and deployment of the supporting mechanism. Finally, based on the Lagrange method, a dynamic model of supporting mechanism was established, and the influence of the torsion spring parameters on the deployment process was analysed.
Clinical decision support for gastrointestinal panel testing
Authors: Saif Nadia T. , Dooley Cara , Baghdadi Jonathan D. , Morgan Daniel J. , Coffey KC 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Objective:
This study aimed to assess the impact of clinical decision support (CDS) to improve ordering of multiplex gastrointestinal polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing panel (“GI panel”).

Design:
Single-center, retrospective, before-after study.

Setting:
Tertiary care Veteran’s Affairs (VA) Medical Center provides inpatient, outpatient, and residential care.

Patients:
All patients tested with a GI panel between June 22, 2022 and April 20, 2023.

Intervention:
We designed a CDS questionnaire in the electronic medical record (EMR) to guide appropriate ordering of the GI panel. A “soft stop” reminder at the point of ordering prompted providers to confirm five appropriateness criteria: 1) documented diarrhea, 2) no recent receipt of laxatives, 3) C. difficile is not the leading suspected cause of diarrhea, 4) time period since a prior test is >14 days or prior positive test is >4 weeks and 5) duration of hospitalization <72 hours. The CDS was implemented in November 2022.

Results:
Compared to the pre-implementation period (n = 136), fewer tests were performed post-implementation (n = 92) with an IRR of 0.61 (p = 0.003). Inappropriate ordering based on laxative use or undocumented diarrhea decreased (IRR 0.37, p = 0.012 and IRR 0.25, p = 0.08, respectively). However, overall inappropriate ordering and outcome measures did not significantly differ before and after the intervention.

Conclusions:
Implementation of CDS in the EMR decreased testing and inappropriate ordering based on use of laxatives or undocumented diarrhea. However, inappropriate ordering of tests overall remained high post-intervention, signaling the need for continued diagnostic stewardship efforts.
Estimating global numbers of fishes caught from the wild annually from 2000 to 2019
Authors: Mood Alison , Brooke Phil 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Finfishes are caught from the wild for food, feed (often in the form of fishmeal and oil) and bait. According to the Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations (FAO), between 74 and 83 million tonnes (averaging 77 million tonnes) were caught annually in 2000–2019. Although fishes are now widely recognised as sentient beings, capture is still quantified as biomass rather than number of individuals (in contrast to wild-caught marine mammals and crocodiles; and farmed mammals and birds). Here, we estimate global numbers of wild-caught finfishes using FAO capture production (landing) tonnages (2000–2019 data) and estimates of mean individual weight at capture, based on internet-sourced capture and market weights. We estimate that between 1,100 and 2,200 billion (1.1–2.2 × 1012), or 1.1–2.2 trillion, wild finfishes were caught annually, on average, during 2000–2019. Anchoveta (Engraulis ringens) comprised 28%, by estimate midpoint. Estimated numbers in 2019, totalling 980–1,900 billion, were lower due to reduced anchoveta landings, but still represented 87.5% of vertebrate numbers killed for food or feed, as obtained or estimated from FAO data. These figures exclude unrecorded capture such as illegal fishing, discards and ghost fishing. Estimated finfish numbers used for reduction to fishmeal and oil represented 56% of the total 2010 estimate (1,000–1,900 billion), by midpoint. It is recommended that the FAO reports fish capture numbers. The welfare of wild-caught fishes, which is generally very poor during and after capture, should be addressed as part of sustainable utilisation of aquatic resources.