bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Progress in isotope tracer hydrology in Canada
Authors: Gibson J. J. , Edwards T. W. D. , Birks S. J. , St Amour N. A. , Buhay W. M. , McEachern P. , Wolfe B. B. , Peters D. L. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractAn overview of current research in isotope hydrology, focusing on recent Canadian contributions, is discussed under the headings: precipitation networks, hydrograph separation and groundwater studies, river basin hydrology, lake and catchment water balance, and isotope palaeohydrology from lake sediment records. Tracer‐based techniques, relying primarily on the naturally occurring environmental isotopes, have been integrated into a range of hydrological and biogeochemical research programmes, as they effectively complement physical and chemical techniques. A significant geographic focus of Canadian isotope hydrology research has been on the Mackenzie River basin, forming contributions to programmes such as the Global Energy and Water Cycle Experiment. Canadian research has also directly supported international efforts such as the International Atomic Energy Agency's (IAEA) Global Network for Isotopes in Precipitation and IAEAs Coordinated Research Project on Large River Basins. One significant trend in Canadian research is toward sustained long‐term monitoring of precipitation and river discharge to enable better characterization of spatial and temporal variability in isotope signatures and their underlying causes. One fundamental conclusion drawn from previous studies in Canada is that combined use of δ18O and δ2H enables the distinction of precipitation variability from evaporation effects, which offers significant advantages over use of the individual tracers alone. The study of hydrological controls on water chemistry is one emerging research trend that stems from the unique ability to integrate isotope sampling within both water quality and water quantity surveys. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Advances in river ice hydrology 1999–2003
Authors: Morse Brian , Hicks Faye 
Published: January 2005

AbstractIn the period 1999 to 2003, river ice has continued to have important socio‐economic impacts in Canada and other Nordic countries. Concurrently, there have been many important advances in all areas of Canadian research into river ice engineering and hydrology. For example: (1) River ice processes were highlighted in two special journal issues (Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering in 2003 and Hydrological Processes in 2002) and at five conferences (Canadian Committee on River Ice Processes and the Environment in 1999, 2001 and 2003, and International Association of Hydraulic Research in 2000 and 2002). (2) A number of workers have clearly advanced our understanding of river ice processes by bringing together disparate information in comprehensive review articles. (3) There have been significant advances in river ice modelling. For example, both one‐dimensional (e.g. RIVICE, RIVJAM, ICEJAM, HEC‐RAS, etc.) and two‐dimensional (2‐D; www.river2d.ca) public‐domain ice‐jam models are now available. Work is ongoing to improve RIVER2D, and a commercial 2‐D ice‐process model is being developed. (4) The 1999–2003 period is notable for the number of distinctly hydrological and ecological studies. On the quantitative side, many are making efforts to determine streamflow during the winter period. On the ecological side, some new publications have addressed the link to water quality (temperature, dissolved oxygen, nutrients and pollutants), and others have dealt with sediment transport and geomorphology (particularly as it relates to break‐up), stream ecology (plants, food cycle, etc.) and fish habitat.There is the growing recognition, that these types of study require collaborative efforts. In our view, the main areas requiring further work are: (1) to interface geomorphological and habitat models with quantitative river ice hydrodynamic models; (2) to develop a manager's toolbox (database management, remote sensing, forecasting, intervention methodologies, etc.) to enable agencies to intervene better at the time of ice‐jam‐induced floods; and (3) finalize ice‐jam prevention methods on the St Lawrence River to safeguard its $2 billion commercial navigation industry. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A review of Canadian remote sensing and hydrology, 1999–2003
Authors: Pietroniro Alain , Leconte Robert 
Published: January 2005

AbstractOver the years, research and applications of remote sensing in Canadian hydrology have embraced a variety of topics. In particular, research conducted over the last 5 years has emphasized the development of microwave remote sensing, both active and passive. This paper reviews recent (1999–2003) remote‐sensing contributions to hydrology in Canada. Topics include surface water and wetlands detection, soil moisture, snow cover extent and snow water equivalent estimates, freshwater ice, and glaciers, as well as distributed hydrological modelling. A very brief description of the theory underlying each application, as well as relevant sensors, is presented. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Advances in Canadian wetland hydrology, 1999–2003
Authors: Price Jonathan S. , Branfireun Brian A. , Michael Waddington J. , Devito Kevin J. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractWetlands form 14% of the Canadian landscape and, consequently, have considerable interaction with the hydrological resources, including water quantity and quality, both within and downstream of them. Most of these are peatlands, particularly in boreal and northern environments, and these have been well researched recently. New data also exist for mineral wetlands (e.g. prairie sloughs). Relatively little attention has been given to coastal wetlands, or the complicated systems in the Western Cordillera. This paper reviews the current studies in Canada. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Distribution of soil carbon stocks in Canada's forests and wetlands simulated based on drainage class, topography and remotely sensed vegetation parameters
Authors: Ju Weimin , Chen Jing M. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractA quasi‐three‐dimensional hydrological model was developed and integrated into the integrated terrestrial ecosystem carbon‐budget model (InTEC V3·0) to improve the estimation of the carbon (C) dynamics in Canadian forests and wetlands. Climate, soil, digital elevation map, and drainage class data, in conjunction with remotely sensed vegetation parameters, including leaf area index, land cover type, and stand age, are used to drive the model. Soil is divided into three layers, for which temperature and moisture dynamics are simulated. Individual 1 km × 1 km pixels are hydrologically linked with neighbouring pixels through subsurface saturated base‐flow, which is simulated using a TOPMODEL‐based scheme. Soil C and nitrogen (N) dynamics are simulated using the soil submodel of CENTURY suitably modified for forests and wetlands. The interannual variation in net primary productivity is iteratively computed after integrating the effects of N, climate, stand age and atmospheric CO2concentration on productivity. Compared with data in the Soil Landscape of Canada, the newly updated InTEC V3·0 can capture 66·6% of spatial variations in soil C and effectively alleviate soil C underestimation in wetland areas from its predecessor (InTEC V2·0) by considering the lateral water flow and the water table variation. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Expression of p53, or targeting towards EGFR, enhances the oncolytic potency of conditionally replicative adenovirus against neuroblastoma
Authors: Geoerger Birgit , van Beusechem Victor W. , Opolon Paule , Morizet Jackie , Laudani Lysiane , Lecluse Yann , Barrois Michel , Idema Sander , Grill Jacques , Gerritsen Winald R. , Vassal Gilles 
Published: January 2005

AbstractBackgroundAdvanced stage and relapsing neuroblastoma (NB) has a poor prognosis with frequent treatment failures, warranting new treatment options and enhanced local tumor control. Treatment with conditionally replicative adenoviruses (CRAds) has shown effectiveness in various preclinical cancer models, but has not yet been evaluated for local control of NB. Here, we tested the efficacy of the CRAd AdΔ24 and of two AdΔ24 derivatives against NB. Derivative AdΔ24‐425S11 infects cells deficient in coxsackie/adenovirus receptor (CAR) via the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Derivative AdΔ24‐p53 expresses the tumor suppressor protein p53 to promote oncolysis.MethodsExpression of CAR and EGFR, and p53 pathway and DNA damage responses were analyzed in six NB cell lines and two xenografts derived from primary NB using immunohistochemistry, reporter gene transactivation, Western blot and fluorescence‐activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis. Efficacy of AdΔ24, AdΔ24‐425S11 and AdΔ24‐p53 against NB was evaluated in vitro by cell viability analysis and in vivo by monitoring subcutaneous xenograft tumor growth in mice and by histological analysis of treated tumors.ResultsNeuroblastoma cell lines were sensitive to oncolysis by AdΔ24, with a higher susceptibility of those with functional p53 and intact DNA damage responses. Compared to AdΔ24, AdΔ24‐p53 exhibited enhanced oncolytic potency on all NB cell lines independent of their p53 status and AdΔ24‐425S11 was more effective against CAR‐low IGR‐NB8 cells. Moreover, five daily intratumoral injections of 108 plaque‐forming units (pfu) of AdΔ24‐p53 or AdΔ24‐425S11 into subcutaneous IGR‐NB8 and IGR‐N91 xenografts at an advanced tumor stage yielded significant tumor growth delays (TGD). In contrast, at this dose, AdΔ24 did not cause significant TGD of neuroblastoma xenografts. Injection of AdΔ24‐p53 was associated with extensive cell lysis, apoptotic cell death, and fibrous fascicles in the tumors.ConclusionCRAds expressing p53 and targeted towards EGFR appear promising new agents for local control in the treatment of neuroblastoma. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Catheter‐mediated subselective intracoronary gene delivery to the rabbit heart: introduction of a novel method
Authors: Parsa Cyrus J. , Reed Robyn C. , Brant Walton G. , Pascal Laura S. , Thompson Richard B. , Petrofski Jason A. , Emani Sitaram M. , Folgar Francisco , Riel Ryan U. , Nicchitta Christopher V. , Koch Walter J. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractBackgroundRecent studies suggest that gene therapy using replication‐deficient adenoviruses will benefit treatment of cardiovascular diseases including heart failure. A persistent hurdle is the effective and reproducible delivery of a transgene to the myocardium with minimal iatrogenic morbidity. In this study, we sought to design a relatively non‐invasive percutaneous gene delivery system that would maximize cardiac transgene expression and minimize mortality after intracoronary adenovirus injection.MethodsAdult rabbits received a left circumflex coronary artery (LCx) infusion of 5 × 1011 total viral particles of an adenovirus containing the marker transgene β‐galactosidase (Adeno‐βGal) via either a continuous infusion method utilizing an oxygenated, normothermic, physiologic pH Krebs solution driven by a Langendorff apparatus (n = 12) or a timed bolus and set concentration at a constant infusion rate to the LCx (n = 12). Six rabbits underwent global transgene delivery via an invasive method involving intraventricular delivery and aortic root cross‐clamping. The efficacy of transgene expression via these three distinct delivery methods was determined in the left ventricle at 5 days by histological staining and colorimetric quantification assay.ResultsWhile the open‐chest, aortic cross‐clamping method provides the highest level of gene expression throughout the heart, the morbidity of this procedure is clinically prohibitive. Percutaneous LCx delivery of Adeno‐βGal using the Langendorff apparatus was associated with the lowest morbidity and mortality while still supporting significant myocardial gene expression.ConclusionsPercutaneous delivery of an adenovirus solution using a continuous infusion of oxygenated Krebs solution via a Langendorff apparatus appears to be a gene delivery modality offering the best compromise of gene expression and clinical utility to maximize any potential therapeutic outcome. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Viral vectors as tools to model and treat neurodegenerative disorders
Authors: Déglon N. , Hantraye P. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe identification of disease‐causing genes in familial forms of neurodegenerative disorders and the development of genetic models closely replicating human central nervous system (CNS) pathologies have drastically changed our understanding of the molecular events leading to neuronal cell death. If these achievements open new opportunities of therapeutic interventions, including gene‐based therapies, the presence of the blood‐brain barrier and the post‐mitotic and poor regenerative nature of the target cells constitute important challenges. Efficient delivery systems taking into account the specificity of the CNS are required to administer potential therapeutic candidates. In addition, genetic models in large animals that replicate the late stages of the diseases are in most cases not available for pre‐clinical studies. The present review summarizes the potential of viral vectors as tools to create new genetic models of CNS disorders in various species including primates and the recent progress toward viral gene therapy clinical trials for the administration of therapeutic candidates into the brain. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Signals of anthropogenic influence on European warming as seen in the trend patterns of daily temperature variance
Authors: Klein Tank A. M. G. , Können G. P. , Selten F. M. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractSignals of anthropogenic warming over Europe are searched for in the spatial trend patterns for the variance and skewness (expressed by the 10th and 90th percentiles) of the distribution of daily mean temperature. Comparisons are made between these patterns in the station records of the European Climate Assessment dataset for the 1976–99 period, the patterns associated with natural variability in the observations (which were empirically derived from the observations in the 1946–75 period), and the patterns of future warming and natural variability as simulated by the National Center for Atmospheric Research Community Climate System Model in the Challenge ensemble experiment.The results indicate that, on the basis of the patterns for the variance, a distinction can be made between temperature change due to natural variability and temperature change due to changes in external forcing. The observed variance trend patterns for the spring (March–May) and summer (June–August) warming 1976–99 are clearly different from the patterns for the change in variance associated with a warming due to natural variability in the observations. This led us to conclude that a change in an external forcing has to be invoked to explain the observed spring and summer warming. From the evaluation of the greenhouse and natural variability patterns in the climate model simulations, we infer that the observed spring and summer variance trend patterns contain imprints consistent with anthropogenic warming. The analysis of the variance trend patterns for the winter (December–February) season is inconclusive about identifying causes of the observed warming for that season. Unlike the other three seasons, the autumn (September–November) is for Europe a period of cooling in recent decades. The observed variance trend pattern for this season closely resembles the estimated pattern for the change in variance associated with a cooling due to natural variability, indicating that the observed autumn cooling can be ascribed to random weather variations in the period under consideration. Copyright © 2005 Royal Meteorological Society
Characterizing the spatial and temporal variability of June–July moisture conditions in the Canadian prairies
Authors: Quiring S. M. , Papakyriakou T. N. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractPalmer's moisture anomaly index (Z‐index) was used to characterize the frequency, severity, and spatial extent of June–July moisture anomalies for 43 crop districts across the Canadian prairies during 1920–99. In addition, the main modes of spatial and temporal variability in moisture conditions were identified and used to elucidate the physical mechanisms responsible for causing these moisture anomalies to occur. The crop districts were divided into five relatively homogeneous moisture regions using cluster analysis, and moisture anomaly statistics were analysed for each region.The single most severe June–July drought on the Canadian prairies occurred in 1961. This drought covered more than 86% of the study region and had a mean severity (Z‐index) of −5.67. Other severe June–July droughts occurred in the Canadian prairies (in order of severity) in 1988, 1936, 1929, and 1937. The results demonstrated that the severity and spatial extent of moisture anomalies on the Canadian prairies are strongly correlated, indicating that the more severe events tend to affect larger areas. The most drought‐prone regions experienced moisture conditions detrimental to crop production in approximately one year out of every six years.The spatial analysis revealed the existence of three preferred spatial patterns of moisture variability on the Canadian prairies and each pattern can be attributed to a unique set of atmospheric and oceanic forcings. The temporal analysis verified the presence of coherent periodicities (in particular quasi‐2, ‐4, and ‐10–15 year oscillations) in the moisture time series. Copyright © 2005 Royal Meteorological Society
UFMG Sydenham's chorea rating scale (USCRS): Reliability and consistency
Authors: Teixeira Antônio Lúcio , Maia Débora P. , Cardoso Francisco 
Published: January 2005

AbstractDespite the renewed interest in Sydenham's chorea (SC) in recent years, there were no valid and reliable scales to rate the several signs and symptoms of patients with SC and related disorders. The Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG) Sydenham's Chorea Rating Scale (USCRS) was designed to provide a detailed quantitative description of the performance of activities of daily living, behavioral abnormalities, and motor function of subjects with SC. The scale comprises 27 items and each one is scored from 0 (no symptom or sign) to 4 (severe disability or finding). Data from 84 subjects, aged 4.9 to 33.6 years, support the interrater reliability and internal consistency of the scale. The USCRS is a promising instrument for rating the clinical features of SC as well as their functional impact in children and adults. © 2005 Movement Disorder Society
Photoluminescence of manganese‐ and copper‐doped CdS nanowires
Authors: Ghiordanescu V. , Sima M. , Enculescu I. , Grecu M. N. , Mihut L. , Secu M. , Neumann R. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractArrays of CdS:Mn2+:Cu+ micro‐ and nanowires grown in polycarbonate ion‐track templates exhibit photoluminescence in the spectral domain ranging from 500 to 800 nm at room temperature. A comparison with similar CdS and CdS:Mn2+ wire arrays is presented. The individual contributions to the emission spectra of Cu+ and Mn2+ ions in the CdS matrix are explained using their energy level schemes. Also SEM, EDX and EPR data are given for these wires. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Trends in calculation of point and extended defects in wide‐gap solids: periodic models of aperiodic systems
Authors: Evarestov R. A. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe periodic models of aperiodic systems are described. For the point defects supercell and cyclic cluster models are compared for the oxygen vacancy in the corundum Al2O3. The single and repeated slab models of (001) surface of MgO crystal are compared using the results of LCAO Hartree–Fock and DFT calculations. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Solutions of the energy gap equation for D‐wave paired systems
Authors: Kumala W. , Gonczarek R. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractD‐wave paired isotropic Fermi system is considered in the frame of BCS approach. All admissible solutions of the energy gap equation are given for arbitrary temperatures. The geometry, value of the energy gap and the thermodynamic properties in the ground state as well in the critical temperature is presented. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Offering predictive testing for Huntington disease in a medical genetics clinic: Practical applications
Authors: Bennett Robin L. , Bird Thomas D. , Teri Linda 
Published: January 2005

AbstractPredictive testing for Huntington disease is presently offered in a select few medical genetics centers in the United States. This is in part due to the labor intensive counseling and psychological testing suggested by the research protocols. We discuss some specific suggestions for establishing programs for Huntington disease predictive testing within pre‐existing medical genetics clinics to encourage more centers to offer presymptomatic testing. This will allow more at risk individuals the opportunity to consider predictive testing and cut down the expenses of traveling to the few predictive testing centers that currently exist. The counseling principals will remain similar to those discussed here, even following the identification of the Huntington disease mutation.
Follow‐up survey of pregnancies with diagnoses of chromosomal abnormality
Authors: Palmer Shane , Spencer Joann , Kushnick Theodore , Wiley John , Bowyer Susan 
Published: January 2005

AbstractA small clinical survey was undertaken at East Carolina University School of Medicine to examine the factors which influenced the decisions of five families to continue pregnancies after a chromosomal abnormality was detected. Little has been published concerning the psychosocial effects after continuing pregnancies in which the fetus was diagnosed with a chromosome abnormality by amniocentesis. In order to identify the factors that influenced their decisions, an interview with each couple was undertaken using a 25‐part questionnaire. This paper addresses the method of interviewing, case material, and background concerning each couple and the summary of the results.
The human genome project: A public forum. Report on a model conference for genetics professionals and consumers
Authors: Eunpu Deborah L. , Weiss Joan O. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThis paper reports on the rationale, objectives, and outcome of a conference titled “The Human Genome Project: A Public Forum.” One of the distinguishing features of this conference was that it included both genetics professionals and consumers of genetics services in a dialogue about the potential ethical, legal, and social implications of learning more about one's genes. The conference was planned to yield two products: (1) a set of recommendations for planners of future educational, research, and public policy efforts related to the Human Genome Project; and (2) an assessment of participants' pre‐ and post‐conference knowledge and opinions about the Human Genome Project.
Presymptomatic testing for huntington diseases: Recommendations for counseling
Authors: Quaid Kimberly A. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe discovery of a genetic marker linked to the Huntington disease (HD) gene made it possible to perform presymptomatic genetic testing for this late onset disorder. The first two pilot research programs in the United States, at Massachusetts General Hospital and Johns Hopkins Hospital, began offering testing in the Fall of 1986. Twenty‐three centers are now offering this testing as part of their clinical service. As testing for this and other late onset diseases becomes more widespread, it is important to assess what we have learned about offering this test to those at risk. This article presents recommendations based on the author's 5 years of experience offering presymptomatic testing for HD in order to alert counselors to the complexities of offering this type of service.