bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Terminal ballistic analysis of impact fractures reveals the use of spearthrower 31 ky ago at Maisières-Canal, Belgium
Authors: Coppe Justin , Taipale Noora , Rots Veerle 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe emergence of hunting technology in the deep past fundamentally shaped the subsistence strategies of early human populations. Hence knowing when different weapons were first introduced is important for understanding our evolutionary trajectory. The timing of the adoption of long-range weaponry remains heavily debated because preserved organic weapon components are extremely rare in the Paleolithic record and stone points are difficult to attribute reliably to weapon delivery methods without supporting organic evidence. Here, we use a refined use-wear approach to demonstrate that spearthrower was used for launching projectiles armed with tanged flint points at Maisières-Canal (Belgium) 31,000 years ago. The novelty of our approach lies in the combination of impact fracture data with terminal ballistic analysis of the mechanical stress suffered by a stone armature on impact. This stress is distinct for each weapon and visible archaeologically as fracture proportions on assemblage scale. Our reference dataset derives from a sequential experimental program that addressed individually each key parameter affecting fracture formation and successfully reproduced the archaeological fracture signal. The close match between the archaeological sample and the experimental spearthrower set extends the timeline of spearthrower use by over 10,000 years and represents the earliest reliable trace-based evidence for the utilization of long-distance weaponry in prehistoric hunting.
New gene signature from the dominant infiltration immune cell type in osteosarcoma predicts overall survival
Authors: Gong Liping , Sun Xifeng , Jia Ming 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe immune microenvironment of osteosarcoma (OS) has been reported to play an important role in disease progression and prognosis. However, owing to tumor heterogeneity, it is not ideal to predict OS prognosis by examining only infiltrating immune cells. This work aimed to build a prognostic gene signature based on similarities in the immune microenvironments of OS patients. Public datasets were used to examine the correlated genes, and the most consistent dominant infiltrating immune cell type was identified. The LASSO Cox regression model was used to establish a multiple-gene risk prediction signature. A nine-gene prognostic signature was generated from the correlated genes for M0 macrophages and then proven to be effective and reliable in validation cohorts. Signature comparison indicated the priority of the signature. Multivariate Cox regression models indicated that the signature risk score is an independent prognostic factor for OS patients regardless of the Huvos grade in all datasets. In addition, the results of the association between the signature risk score and chemotherapy sensitivity also showed that there was no significant difference in the sensitivity of any drugs between the low- and high-risk groups. A GSEA of GO and KEGG pathways found that antigen processing- and presentation-related biological functions and olfactory transduction receptor signaling pathways have important roles in signature functioning. Our findings showed that M0 macrophages were the dominant infiltrating immune cell type in OS and that the new gene signature is a promising prognostic model for OS patients.
Effect of AT1 receptor blockade on cardiovascular outcome after cardiac arrest: an experimental study in rats
Authors: Araújo Filho E. A. F. , Carmona M. J. C. , Otsuki D. A. , Maia D. R. R. , Lima L. G. C. A , Vane M. F. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAngiotensin II receptor 1(AT1) antagonists are beneficial in focal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). However, in cases of global I/R, such as cardiac arrest (CA), AT1 blocker's potential benefits are still unknown. Wistar male rats were allocated into four groups: Control group (CG)—animals submitted to CA by ventricular fibrillation induced by direct electrical stimulation for 3 min, and anoxia for 5 min; Group AT1 (GAT1)—animals subjected to CA and treated with 0.2 mg/kg of candesartan diluted in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) (0.1%); Vehicle Group (VG): animals subjected to CA and treated with 0.2 ml/kg of DMSO and Sham group (SG)—animals submitted to surgical interventions, without CA. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation consisted of group medications, chest compressions, ventilation, epinephrine (20 mcg/kg) and defibrillation. The animals were observed up to 4 h after spontaneous circulation (ROSC) return, and survival rates, hemodynamic variables, histopathology, and markers of tissue injury were analyzed. GAT1 group had a higher rate of ROSC (62.5% vs. 42.1%, p < 0.0001), survival (100% vs. 62.5%, p = 0.027), lower incidence of arrhythmia after 10 min of ROSC (10% vs. 62.5%, p = 0.000), and lower neuronal and cardiac injury scores on histology evaluation (p = 0.025 and p = 0.0052, respectively) than GC group. The groups did not differ regarding CA duration, number of adrenaline doses, or number of defibrillations. AT1 receptor blockade with candesartan yielded higher rates of ROSC and survival, in addition to neuronal and myocardial protection.
Analysis of cell-specific transcriptional responses in human colon tissue using CIBERSORTx
Authors: He Yueqin , De Benedictis Julia Nicole , Caiment Florian , van Breda Simone G. J. , de Kok Theo M. C. M. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractDiet is an important determinant of overall health, and has been linked to the risk of various cancers. To understand the mechanisms involved, transcriptomic responses from human intervention studies are very informative. However, gene expression analysis of human biopsy material only represents the average profile of a mixture of cell types that can mask more subtle, but relevant cell-specific changes. Here, we use the CIBERSORTx algorithm to generate single-cell gene expression from human multicellular colon tissue. We applied the CIBERSORTx to microarray data from the PHYTOME study, which investigated the effects of different types of meat on transcriptional and biomarker changes relevant to colorectal cancer (CRC) risk. First, we used single-cell mRNA sequencing data from healthy colon tissue to generate a novel signature matrix in CIBERSORTx, then we determined the proportions and gene expression of each separate cell type. After comparison, cell proportion analysis showed a continuous upward trend in the abundance of goblet cells and stem cells, and a continuous downward trend in transit amplifying cells after the addition of phytochemicals in red meat products. The dietary intervention influenced the expression of genes involved in the growth and division of stem cells, the metabolism and detoxification of enterocytes, the translation and glycosylation of goblet cells, and the inflammatory response of innate lymphoid cells. These results show that our approach offers novel insights into the heterogeneous gene expression responses of different cell types in colon tissue during a dietary intervention.
Development and qualification of clinical grade decellularized and cryopreserved human esophagi
Authors: Godefroy William , Faivre Lionel , Sansac Caroline , Thierry Briac , Allain Jean-Marc , Bruneval Patrick , Agniel Rémy , Kellouche Sabrina , Monasson Olivier , Peroni Elisa , Jarraya Mohamed , Setterblad Niclas , Braik Massymissa , Even Benjamin , Cheverry Sophie , Domet Thomas , Albanese Patricia , Larghero Jérôme , Cattan Pierre , Arakelian Lousineh 
Published: October 2023

AbstractTissue engineering is a promising alternative to current full thickness circumferential esophageal replacement methods. The aim of our study was to develop a clinical grade Decellularized Human Esophagus (DHE) for future clinical applications. After decontamination, human esophagi from deceased donors were placed in a bioreactor and decellularized with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and ethylendiaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) for 3 days. The esophagi were then rinsed in sterile water and SDS was eliminated by filtration on an activated charcoal cartridge for 3 days. DNA was removed by a 3-hour incubation with DNase. A cryopreservation protocol was evaluated at the end of the process to create a DHE cryobank. The decellularization was efficient as no cells and nuclei were observed in the DHE. Sterility of the esophagi was obtained at the end of the process. The general structure of the DHE was preserved according to immunohistochemical and scanning electron microscopy images. SDS was efficiently removed, confirmed by a colorimetric dosage, lack of cytotoxicity on Balb/3T3 cells and mesenchymal stromal cell long term culture. Furthermore, DHE did not induce lymphocyte proliferation in-vitro. The cryopreservation protocol was safe and did not affect the tissue, preserving the biomechanical properties of the DHE. Our decellularization protocol allowed to develop the first clinical grade human decellularized and cryopreserved esophagus.
Respiratory particle emission rates from children during speaking
Authors: Caracci Elisa , Stabile Luca , Ferro Andrea R. , Morawska Lidia , Buonanno Giorgio 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe number of respiratory particles emitted during different respiratory activities is one of the main parameters affecting the airborne transmission of respiratory pathogens. Information on respiratory particle emission rates is mostly available for adults (few studies have investigated adolescents and children) and generally involves a limited number of subjects. In the present paper we attempted to reduce this knowledge gap by conducting an extensive experimental campaign to measure the emission of respiratory particles of more than 400 children aged 6 to 12 years while they pronounced a phonetically balanced word list at two different voice intensity levels (“speaking” and “loudly speaking”). Respiratory particle concentrations, particle distributions, and exhaled air flow rates were measured to estimate the respiratory particle emission rate. Sound pressure levels were also simultaneously measured. We found out that median respiratory particle emission rates for speaking and loudly speaking were 26 particles s−1(range 7.1–93 particles s−1) and 41 particles s−1(range 10–146 particles s−1), respectively. Children sex was significant for emission rates, with higher emission rates for males during both speaking and loudly speaking. No effect of age on the emission rates was identified. Concerning particle size distributions, for both respiratory activities, a main mode at approximately 0.6 µm and a second minor mode at < 2 µm were observed, and no differences were found between males and females. This information provides important input parameters in predictive models adopted to estimate the transmission risk of airborne pathogens in indoor spaces.
Synthesis of optimized propolis solid lipid nanoparticles with desirable antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-cancer properties
Authors: Shahab-Navaei Fatemeh , Asoodeh Ahmad 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis study aimed to produce stable propolis nanoparticles with a size below 100 nm, suitable for various applications in industries such as pharmaceuticals, medicine, cosmetics, food, and packaging. To achieve this, propolis solid lipid nanoparticles (PSLNs) were synthesized using the hot homogenization method, and the optimized nanoparticles were analyzed using Design Expert software. The properties of the synthesized PSLN were characterized using UV–visible spectroscopy, FTIR, XRD, PSA, TEM, and zeta potential analysis. The results indicated that PSLNs with a size range of 57 ± 15 nm remained stable in an aqueous medium at pH 7.4. HPLC analysis showed that the active ingredient of phenols and flavonoids in the extract remained stable after the formation of PSLNs. Antioxidant and antibacterial properties of the extract and nanoparticles were also evaluated. The results demonstrated that the biological properties of the extract were effectively preserved in PSLNs, Additionally, the PSLN synthesized exhibited remarkable anticancer properties against the A549 cell line and with IC50 of 0.01 mg/ml after 72 h-treatment. In conclusion, the optimized PSLNs can be utilized as antioxidant and antibacterial additives and have the potential to be used as a drug or drug carrier for the treatment of lung cancer.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Micronized calcium carbonate to enhance water-based drilling fluid properties
Authors: Basfar Salem , Elkatatny Salaheldin 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAdvanced drilling technique requires competent drilling fluids. This study tests micronized calcium carbonate (CaCO3) as a water-based drilling fluid (WBDF) additive. CaCO3 microparticles were extracted from Aruma formation outcrop and studied for structural, colloidal stability, morphology, and particle size distribution. WBDF systems were prepared with varying quantities of CaCO3 microparticles, including 0, 15, 30, and 45 lb/bbl, respectively. The addition of CaCO3 microparticles was investigated in terms of the rheological, high pressure-high temperature (HPHT) filtration, barite sagging, density, and pH. The results showed that CaCO3 microparticles are stable at a pH greater than 8. Moreover, fluid containing CaCO3 microparticles exhibited an enhancement in rheological properties. The yield point increased by 29%, 34%, and 37% for 15, 30, and 45 lb/bbl of CaCO3 respectively. In addition, the HPHT filtration also showed that CaCO3 has a significant improvement in both filtration loss and filter cake thickness. The filter cake thickness decreased by 17%, 40%, and 65% at 15, 30, and 45 lb/bbl of CaCO3 respectively. Static and dynamic sag maintained in a safe range at 30 lb/bbl of CaCO3 microparticles. This study showed that using CaCO3 microparticles along with conventional fluid additives improved the thermal stability and rheological properties of drilling fluid.
Existing terminology related to antimicrobial resistance fails to evoke risk perceptions and be remembered
Authors: Krockow Eva M. , Cheng Kate O. , Maltby John , McElroy Eoin 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global healthcare threat promoted by all use of antibiotics. Hence, reducing overuse of antibiotics is essential. The necessary behaviour change relies on effective public health communication, but previous information campaigns—while showing some successes—have fallen short in generating a lasting increase of public awareness. A potential reason for this is AMR-related terminology, which has been criticised as inconsistent, abstract and difficult to pronounce. We report the first empirical test of word memorability and risk association for the most frequent AMR-related health terms.

Methods
Across two surveys sampling 237 US and 924 UK participants, we test people’s memory for and the risk they associate with six AMR-related terms and thirty-four additional health risk terms (e.g., cancer). Participants also rate the terms on different linguistic dimensions including concreteness, familiarity, processing fluency and pronounceability.

Results
Our findings suggest that existing AMR-related health terms—particularly “AMR” and “Antimicrobial resistance”—are unsuitable for public health communication, because they score consistently low on both memorability and risk association. Out of the AMR terms, “Antibiotic resistance” and—to a lesser extent—“Drug-resistant infections” perform best. Regression analyses suggest that linguistic attributes (e.g., familiarity, processing fluency, pronounceability) are predictors of the terms’ risk association.

Conclusions
Our findings highlight an urgent need to rename AMR with a memorable term that effectively signals the existential threat of AMR and thereby motivates a change in antibiotic use. The success of the revised term is likely to depend, at least partially, on its linguistic attributes.
Technical and clinical considerations for electroencephalography-based biomarkers for major depressive disorder
Authors: Simmatis Leif , Russo Emma E. , Geraci Joseph , Harmsen Irene E. , Samuel Nardin 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMajor depressive disorder (MDD) is a prevalent and debilitating psychiatric disease that leads to substantial loss of quality of life. There has been little progress in developing new MDD therapeutics due to a poor understanding of disease heterogeneity and individuals’ responses to treatments. Electroencephalography (EEG) is poised to improve this, owing to the ease of large-scale data collection and the advancement of computational methods to address artifacts. This review summarizes the viability of EEG for developing brain-based biomarkers in MDD. We examine the properties of well-established EEG preprocessing pipelines and consider factors leading to the discovery of sensitive and reliable biomarkers.
Attractor dynamics with activity-dependent plasticity capture human working memory across time scales
Authors: Brennan Connor , Proekt Alex 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMost cognitive functions require the brain to maintain immediately preceding stimuli in working memory. Here, using a human working memory task with multiple delays, we test the hypothesis that working memories are stored in a discrete set of stable neuronal activity configurations called attractors. We show that while discrete attractor dynamics can approximate working memory on a single time scale, they fail to generalize across multiple timescales. This failure occurs because at longer delay intervals the responses contain more information about the stimuli than can be stored in a discrete attractor model. We present a modeling approach that combines discrete attractor dynamics with activity-dependent plasticity. This model successfully generalizes across all timescales and correctly predicts intertrial interactions. Thus, our findings suggest that discrete attractor dynamics are insufficient to model working memory and that activity-dependent plasticity improves durability of information storage in attractor systems.
Improvement of catalytic activity of aluminum complexes for the ring-opening polymerization of ε-caprolactone: aluminum thioamidate and thioureidate systems
Authors: Ganta Prasanna Kumar , Teja Mallemadugula Ravi , Chang Chun-Juei , Sambandam Anandan , Kamaraj Rajiv , Chu Yu-Ting , Ding Shangwu , Chen Hsing-Yin , Chen Hsuan-Ying 
Published: October 2023

S-Al system exhibited a higher level of catalytic activity (1.8–5.5 times) than did the O-Al system. Furthermore, the US-Al system exhibited a higher level of catalytic activity (1.7 – 4.6 times) than did the U-Al system.
Short‐circuit current difference of parallel strands in winding turns and its influence on the distribution of electromagnetic force
Authors: Zhao Yi , Si Jian , Jin Mingkai , Wen Tao , Guo Penghong , Chen Weijiang 
Published: October 2023

AbstractTransformer winding turns often consist of multiple parallel strands. The spatial position variation of each strand affects the leakage inductance of each branch, resulting in an uneven distribution of short‐circuit currents within the winding turns. And this unevenness persists even when transposition structures are implemented. Traditional methods in transformer analysis frequently overlooked the distribution characteristics of short‐circuit currents when calculating electromagnetic forces. A frequency‐domain calculation method for analysing the current distribution in winding turns was proposed, with a deviation of less than 3% compared to existing analysis methods. Two typical 110 kV transformer models were utilised to investigate the influence of uneven current distribution on the spatial distribution of electromagnetic forces. The spatial distribution of short‐circuit electromagnetic forces in low‐voltage (LV) windings exhibited significant changes, with maximum change rates of 10% and 61.2% for axial and radial electromagnetic force, respectively, in a LV winding with 4 parallel strands. The research also analysed how strand radial width and axial height affect current distribution unevenness and proposed specific design principles to mitigate these disparities in winding design. The findings offer valuable insights for selecting structural parameters and assessing short‐circuit stability during transformer design.
Design of anti‐jamming decision‐making for cognitive radar
Authors: Wang Husheng , Chen Baixiao , Ye Qingzhi 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWith the development of electronic warfare, anti‐jamming measure becomes more and more complex. There have been certain research results on jamming strategies, but only a few research materials on anti‐jamming strategies. It is difficult to simulate the real jamming environment, and there is no appropriate anti‐jamming decision‐making model for research. Cognitive radar can perceive the environment and receive feedback, which provides the possibility to solve the problem of anti‐jamming decision‐making. This article regards the anti‐jamming measure as a kind of interaction behaviour and establishes the cognitive radar antagonistic environment model and uses the reinforcement learning algorithm to solve the problem of anti‐jamming decision‐making. Finally, this article verifies the feasibility of applying reinforcement learning theory on making anti‐jamming decision in the radar antagonistic environment model. The performance of different reinforcement learning algorithms is compared, and their advantages and disadvantages are discussed.
AutoSourceID-FeatureExtractor
Authors: Stoppa F. , Ruiz de Austri R. , Vreeswijk P. , Bhattacharyya S. , Caron S. , Bloemen S. , Zaharijas G. , Principe G. , Vodeb V. , Groot P. J. , Cator E. , Nelemans G. 
Published: October 2023

Aims. In astronomy, machine learning has been successful in various tasks such as source localisation, classification, anomaly detection, and segmentation. However, feature regression remains an area with room for improvement. We aim to design a network that can accurately estimate sources’ features and their uncertainties from single-band image cutouts, given the approximated locations of the sources provided by the previously developed code AutoSourceID-Light (ASID-L) or other external catalogues. This work serves as a proof of concept, showing the potential of machine learning in estimating astronomical features when trained on meticulously crafted synthetic images and subsequently applied to real astronomical data.Methods. The algorithm presented here, AutoSourceID-FeatureExtractor (ASID-FE), uses single-band cutouts of 32x32 pixels around the localised sources to estimate flux, sub-pixel centre coordinates, and their uncertainties. ASID-FE employs a two-step mean variance estimation (TS-MVE) approach to first estimate the features and then their uncertainties without the need for additional information, for example the point spread function (PSF). For this proof of concept, we generated a synthetic dataset comprising only point sources directly derived from real images, ensuring a controlled yet authentic testing environment.Results. We show that ASID-FE, trained on synthetic images derived from the MeerLICHT telescope, can predict more accurate features with respect to similar codes such as SourceExtractor and that the two-step method can estimate well-calibrated uncertainties that are better behaved compared to similar methods that use deep ensembles of simple MVE networks. Finally, we evaluate the model on real images from the MeerLICHT telescope and theZwickyTransient Facility (ZTF) to test its transfer learning abilities.