bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nursing home nurses' opinions on the potential evolution of their role in antibiotic stewardship: A French national cross‐sectional survey
Authors: Bridey Céline , Bocquier Aurélie , Bonnay Stéphanie , Pulcini Céline , Thilly Nathalie 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAimsTo assess French nursing home nurses' opinions on the potential evolution of their antibiotic stewardship role, facilitators and barriers, and nurses' characteristics associated with their opinion toward new roles regarding antibiotic prescribing.DesignWe conducted a cross‐sectional study in French nursing homes with ≥20 beds and for which an email address was available in a national database managed by the French government between May and June 2022.MethodsA self‐administered internet‐based questionnaire of 43 closed‐ended Likert items was sent to directors of eligible nursing homes by email asking them to forward the link to the questionnaire to the nurses and head nurses of their institution. Data analysis included descriptive statistics and χ2 tests.Results7215 nursing homes were sent the online questionnaire; 1090 participants completed it partially or totally and 923 fully filled in the questionnaire. A majority of nurses supported strengthening and expanding their antibiotic stewardship role. Regarding new roles, over 70% agreed that nurses could collect urine samples to perform a urine culture on their own initiative, prescribe microbiological laboratory tests, and change the drug formulation or the administration route of the antibiotic prescribed by the general practitioner.One‐third declared that they could initiate antibiotics for some infections and/or change the empirical antibiotic treatment prescribed by the general practitioner. Nurses from public nursing homes with connection to a hospital (27.5% vs. >35% for other status) and with recent experience in nursing homes (31% for <5 years of practice vs. 41% for 10 years or more) were less likely to agree to prescribe antibiotics.ConclusionsThis quantitative questionnaire survey identified potential new nurses' roles in antibiotic stewardship that seem to be acceptable and feasible for participants. These new nurses' roles need to be explored in future experimentations before considering implementation.Reporting MethodThe study adhered to relevant EQUATOR guidelines and followed the STROBE reporting guidelines.Patient or Public ContributionA self‐administered internet‐based questionnaire was sent to directors of eligible nursing homes by email asking them to forward the link to the questionnaire to the nurses and head nurses of their institution. Nurses and head nurses who were interested and willing could complete the questionnaire online partially or fully.Trial and Protocol RegistrationThis study is not a clinical trial and is not eligible for trial registration. We used another suitable study registration site, the Center for Open Science.
Benchmarking the nutrient composition and labelling practices of dry or instant cereals for older infants and young children across seven Southeast Asian countries
Authors: Bassetti Eleonora , Blankenship Jessica , White Jessica M. , Sweet Lara , Threapleton Diane , Pries Alissa M. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn Southeast Asia, the increasing availability of commercially produced complementary foods (CPCF), including dry or instant cereals (CPCF cereals), has been noted, however, concerns exist around their nutrient profile and labelling practices. This 2021 study assessed the nutrient composition, labelling practices, and micronutrient content of CPCF cereals sold in the capital cities of seven Southeast Asian countries: Phnom Penh (Cambodia), Jakarta (Indonesia), Manila (Philippines), Bangkok (Thailand), Vientiane (Lao PDR), Hanoi (Vietnam), and Kuala Lumpur (Malaysia). The study adapted a nutrient profiling model from the WHO Regional Office for Europe to determine the proportion of products suitable for promotion for older infants and young children. Micronutrient content of fortified CPCF cereals was assessed against fortification levels specified in the Codex Alimentarius guideline for formulated complementary foods. Of the 484 products assessed, 184 (38.0%) met all nutrient composition requirements. Around one‐third of CPCF cereals contained added sugars and/or sweeteners (37.2%) and high levels of sodium (28.9%). None of the CPCF cereals met all labelling requirements, primarily due to the presence of inappropriate claims on the labels. Most fortified CPCF cereals contained adequate amounts of critical micronutrients, such as calcium, iron, zinc, vitamin A, and vitamin D. However, rates of fortification varied across the seven countries, and almost a third (30.8%) of CPCF cereals were not fortified with any micronutrients. To support the appropriate promotion of CPCF in the region, Southeast Asian countries need to strengthen and enforce national binding legal measures, including national standards for the composition, labelling, and fortification of CPCF cereals.
Obesity, bone marrow adiposity, and leukemia: Time to act
Authors: Kumar Vijay , Stewart John H. 
Published: December 2023

SummaryObesity has taken the face of a pandemic with less direct concern among the general population and scientific community. However, obesity is considered a low‐grade systemic inflammation that impacts multiple organs. Chronic inflammation is also associated with different solid and blood cancers. In addition, emerging evidence demonstrates that individuals with obesity are at higher risk of developing blood cancers and have poorer clinical outcomes than individuals in a normal weight range. The bone marrow is critical for hematopoiesis, lymphopoiesis, and myelopoiesis. Therefore, it is vital to understand the mechanisms by which obesity‐associated changes in BM adiposity impact leukemia development. BM adipocytes are critical to maintain homeostasis via different means, including immune regulation. However, obesity increases BM adiposity and creates a pro‐inflammatory environment to upregulate clonal hematopoiesis and a leukemia‐supportive environment. Obesity further alters lymphopoiesis and myelopoiesis via different mechanisms, which dysregulate myeloid and lymphoid immune cell functions mentioned in the text under different sequentially discussed sections. The altered immune cell function during obesity alters hematological malignancies and leukemia susceptibility. Therefore, obesity‐induced altered BM adiposity, immune cell generation, and function impact an individual's predisposition and severity of leukemia, which should be considered a critical factor in leukemia patients.
A case of haemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn attributed to a novel antigen in the RHAG blood group system
Authors: Chatterjee Saion , Millard Glenda , Chiawchan Suwat , Chanthet Sarawan , Daly James , Hyland Catherine , Kitpoka Pimpin , Powley Tanya , Liew Yew‐Wah 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesA newborn presented with jaundice in Thailand. The cord red cells tested positive by direct antiglobulin test (DAT) for an unknown maternal red cell antibody. Initial blood group sequencing suggested that the infant carried a novel variant RHAG c.140T>C, responsible for a low‐prevalence antigen in the RHAG blood group system (ISBT 030). We report here on testing of samples from the infant's parents and older sibling to define a new antigen in the RHAG system.Materials and MethodsMassive parallel sequencing (MPS) using a custom‐designed panel was performed on all four family members. Extended serological testing was also performed to determine whether family members with the same variant as the infant showed reactivity with the antibody in the maternal plasma.ResultsWe identified a novel single nucleotide variant (SNV) (RHAG c.140T>C, p.[Phe47Ser]) in samples from three of the four family members tested (the infant, the older sibling and the father). The variant was not detected in the mother's sample. Maternal plasma showed positive agglutination with all family members tested; however, when tested with routine panel cells, no reactivity was observed.ConclusionThis case study showed that the presence of the novel variant (RHAG c.140T>C), encoding a p.(Phe47Ser) change in the RhAG glycoprotein, was the apparent cause of incompatibility between maternal plasma and that of red cells from the proband, father and older sibling of the proband. We propose this variant to be a new low‐prevalence antigen in the RHAG blood group system.
Impact of dose and adjuvant on herbicidal efficacy of birch‐based pyrolysis liquid
Authors: Hagner Marleena , Ruuttunen Pentti , Hyvönen Terho 
Published: December 2023

AbstractReduction of pesticide use to benefit the environment is a topical issue in the EU. There is a call for development and more widespread use of sustainable alternative weed control measures. Pyrolysis liquid (PL), a by‐product of charcoal and biochar production, contains numerous compounds, including organic acids, alcohols, phenols and furans. PL has shown promising results when used against several broad‐leaved weeds but its effect on grassy weeds is largely untested. To provide an alternative to synthetic herbicides, PL should be effective and applicable at field scale. In this research, we initially evaluated the potential of birch (Betula sp.) based PL to control mono‐ and dicotyledonous plants under greenhouse conditions and determined if efficacy is improved by addition of an adjuvant. Second, the efficacy of PL for controlling Elymus repens (L.) Gould was compared with glyphosate and two other synthetic herbicides in a no‐tillage system under field conditions. As expected, dicotyledonous plants were more sensitive to acid‐based herbicides than monocotyledonous plants. In contrast to our expectations, the herbicidal efficacy of PL was lower than an acetic acid‐based herbicide and addition of an adjuvant did not improve efficacy. In conclusion, when used at commercially and practically realistic doses, the efficacy of PL control on monocotyledonous weeds such as E. repens is weak. More product development is needed to improve PL quality and efficacy and to establish practical and cost‐effective application levels for weed control on the field scale.
Metagenomic next-generation sequencing of cell-free DNA for the identification of viruses causing central nervous system infections
Authors: Lu Yuying , Zhang Ye , Lou Zheng , He Xiaomin , Zhang Qinghua , Zhang Qingxia , Zhao Shu , Chen Han , Zhu Haixia , Song Zhi , Zhang Ruxu , Ma Caiyu , Liu Ding 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT

Metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) can be used to detect pathogens, but there are limited data on its role in detecting viral central nervous system (CNS) infections. This was a multi-center retrospective study of patients clinically diagnosed with suspected viral CNS infection in Hunan between January 2018 and July 2021. mNGS detection was performed on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cell-free DNA (cfDNA) and whole-cell DNA (wcDNA) for diagnostic comparison. A total of 195 patients with suspected viral CNS infection underwent mNGS of CSF samples, and 175 of them received a final clinical diagnosis of CNS viral infection. A total of 100 (57.1%) cases were found to be virus-positive by mNGS, including 49 VZV, 32 HSV-1, 13 EBV, 5 HSV-2, and 1 porcine HSV. Compared with wcDNA, cfDNA mNGS showed a significantly lower proportion of human DNA (
n
= 26 patients; 0.91 ± 0.1 vs 0.96 ± 0.08,
P
< 0.01). Of these 26 patients, 24 were finally diagnosed with viral infections. The sensitivity of mNGS for detecting viruses using cfDNA and wcDNA was 66.7% (16/24) and 33.3% (8/24) (
P
< 0.01), respectively. Herpesviruses dominated the spectrum of DNA viruses in patients with viral CNS infections in Hunan, China, with VZV being the most common. mNGS, especially using cfDNA, is a promising complementary diagnostic method in detecting viral CNS infections.

IMPORTANCE
This study provides significant new data on the application of metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) to clinical diagnostics of central nervous system (CNS) viral infections, which can have high mortality rates and severe sequelae. Conventional diagnostic procedures for identifying viruses can be inefficient and rely on preconceived assumptions about the pathogen, making mNGS an appealing alternative. However, the effectiveness of mNGS is affected by the presence of human DNA contamination, which can be minimized by using cell-free DNA (cfDNA) instead of whole-cell DNA (wcDNA). This multi-center retrospective study of patients with suspected viral CNS infection found that mNGS using cfDNA had a significantly lower proportion of human DNA and higher sensitivity for detecting viruses than mNGS using wcDNA. Herpesviruses, particularly VZV, were found to be the most common DNA viruses in these patients. Overall, mNGS using cfDNA is a promising complementary diagnostic method for detecting CNS viral infections.
Provenance shifts in bauxitic clay from Zibo, North China Craton, links tectonics and climate to environmental perturbation
Authors: Wang Ruixue , Wang Qingfei , Kirkland Christopher L. , Ramanaidou Erick , Deng Jun 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
In the eastern North China Craton, the Zibo bauxitic clay deposits are situated between Permian sandstones. These deposits exhibit distinct characteristics in two horizons. The lower horizon consists of disordered kaolinite with anhedral–subhedral, rounded morphologies that indicate a detrital origin. The upper horizon, however, contains ordered kaolinite. Detrital zircon grains in the lower horizon indicate a unimodal age spectrum with a mean age of ca. 290 Ma and εHf(t) values ranging from −20.8 to −6.0. These findings suggest a continental volcanic arc source on the northern margin of the North China Craton. In contrast, detrital zircon grains in the upper section exhibit a multi-modal detrital age spectrum with significant age peaks at 2500 Ma, 1850 Ma, and 310 Ma that originates from the local basement. The zircon dating establishes a maximum depositional age of ca. 280 ± 3 Ma, which indicates denudation of the source area in the northern North China Craton during the Artinskian stage. The relative abundance of detrital kaolinite indicates a warm and humid climate during the late Artinskian (ca. 283 Ma) to Early Kungurian (ca. 280 Ma), while cold and dry conditions prevailed during the mid–late Kungurian (ca. 277 Ma). The northern North China Craton, which supplied source material to the lower section of Zibo bauxitic clay, experienced rapid uplift and exhumation and underwent intense weathering under high humidity and warm temperatures during the late Artinskian to Early Kungurian. However, the source area shifted from the north to a more central region as the climate transitioned to cold and dry conditions in the mid–late Kungurian. Considering that detrital clay formation is indicative of specific climatic conditions, the Permian bauxitic clay deposits in Zibo provide a valuable record of environmental changes during the late Paleozoic ice age (LPIA; ca. 360–260 Ma).
Clinical characteristics and prognosis of primary small cell carcinoma of the breast: a propensity score-matched, population-based study
Authors: Yin Lei , Yin Ai-Hong , Pu Chen-Chen 
Published: December 2023

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to describe the clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of primary small cell carcinoma of the breast (PSCCB) and compare PSCCB with breast invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC).DesignA retrospective cohort study.SettingData of patients with PSCCB and breast IDC were identified from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database between 2004 and 2016.ParticipantsEighty-three patients with PSCCB and 410 699 patients with breast IDC were enrolled in the present cohort study.Materials and methodsPatients with PSCCB and breast IDC were identified from the SEER database between 2004 and 2016. The clinicopathological characteristics and survival of patients with PSCCB and IDC were compared. Propensity score matching (PSM) analysis was performed to adjust for differences in baseline characteristics when comparing overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS). Moreover, OS-/CSS-specific nomograms were established to predict the prognosis of PSCCB.ResultsCompared with IDC, PSCCB was significantly correlated with older age, male, higher pathological grade, higher TNM (tumour, node, metastases) stage, a higher proportion of triple-negative breast cancer, a lower proportion of ER/PR positivity and significantly worse clinical outcome. The median OS and CSS of patients with PSCCB were 23.0 m (95%CI 13.0 to 56.0) and 28.0 m (95%CI 18.0 to 66.0), respectively. The 5-year OS and CSS rates in the PSCCB group were 36.1% and 42.4%, respectively. In the matched cohort after PSM analysis, patients with PSCCB had significantly worse OS and CSS than IDC patients. Multivariate Cox regression analysis demonstrated that T stage and administration of chemotherapy were independent prognostic factors for both OS and CSS in patients with PSCCB. The C-index for OS-/CSS-specific nomogram was 0.75 (95%CI 0.66 to 0.85)/0.79 (95%CI 0.69 to 0.89), respectively. The calibration curve in the ROC analysis indicated that the predicted value was consistent with the actual observation value. Decision curve analysis suggested that the nomogram model has a significant positive net benefit from the risk of death and are better than the traditional TNM staging system.ConclusionPSCCB has distinct clinicopathological characteristics, and patients with PSCCB have significantly worse clinical outcomes than those with IDC.
Ischaemic stroke in patients with diabetes requiring urgent procedures during the COVID-19 pandemic in South Korea: a retrospective, nationwide, population-based cohort study using data from the National Emergency Department Information System
Authors: Park Min Jeong , Hwang Jeongeun , Ahn Jonghwa , Park Sung Joon , Song Eyun , Jang Ahreum , Choi Kyung Mook , Baik Sei Hyun , Yoo Hye Jin 
Published: December 2023

ObjectivesThe COVID-19 pandemic resulted in suboptimal care for ischaemic stroke. Patients with diabetes mellitus (DM), a high-risk group for stroke, had compromised routine care during the pandemic, which increases the chance of stroke. We examined influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on the management of ischaemic stroke in patients with DM in South Korea.DesignRetrospective, nationwide, population-based cohort study.SettingData from the National Emergency Department Information System.ParticipantsWe analysed 11 734 patients diagnosed with acute ischaemic stroke who underwent intravenous thrombolysis or endovascular thrombectomy between 2019 (the reference year) and 2020 (the pandemic year). Among them, 1014 subjects with DM were analysed separately.Outcome measuresThe frequency of emergency department (ED) visits, time from symptom onset to ED, from ED visit to admission and in-hospital mortality were compared between two periods in the overall population and in patients with DM.ResultsDuring the pandemic, the incidence of ischaemic stroke requiring urgent procedures increased by 7.57% in total and by 9.03% in patients with DM. Time delay from symptom onset to ED (reference vs pandemic, total: 1.50 vs 1.55 hours; p<0.01) and from ED visit to admission (total: 3.88 vs 3.92 hours; p=0.02) occurred during the pandemic in the overall population, but not significantly in patients with DM specifically. Older patients with DM showed higher chances of intensive care unit (ICU) admission during the pandemic: 53.5% vs 62.8% in age 70―79, 60.5% vs 71.9% in age 80―89 and 20.0% vs 70.8% in age ≥90 years (all p=0.01). There was no significant difference in in-hospital mortality between two periods (total: 8.2% vs 8.4%, p=0.65; DM: 8.1% vs 6.7%, p=0.25).ConclusionsDuring the COVID-19 pandemic, the incidence of ischaemic stroke requiring urgent procedures increased, and older patients with DM showed a higher ICU admission rate. However, the pandemic was not associated with an increased in-hospital stroke mortality.
Respectful community engagement in health research with diverse im/migrant communities
Authors: Machado Stefanie , Karsiem Samira , Lavergne M Ruth , Goldenberg Shira , Wiedmeyer Mei-ling 
Published: December 2023

IntroductionGlobal migration and immigration are increasing, and migrants and immigrants (im/migrants) have specific health needs and healthcare experiences. Yet, im/migrant involvement in immigration and health research in Canada is inconsistent. Heretofore, involvement has primarily been in research planning, data collection and analysis, with little community involvement during knowledge exchange or through training and colearning opportunities. Community engagement has been especially uncommon in mixed-method and quantitative research in Canada.ObjectiveThis article describes lessons learnt from the Evaluating Inequities in Refugee & Immigrants’ Health Access (IRIS) project from 2018 to 2023, an ongoing mixed-method, community-based research project in British Columbia, Canada. Specifically, we share our core community engagement project structures,Commitments to Communityand ourCommunity Engagement Backbone, both collaboratively developed with im/migrant community memebers.ParticipantsPeople with varied experiences of im/migration and connections to multiple, specific im/migrant communities participate in the project as participants, community researchers, community advisory board members, faculty members and students. Core research activities are supported in English, Farsi, Spanish and Tigrinya. We engage community members throughout the research process, from identifying research topics to knowledge exchange.ConclusionWe found that these structures offer an accessible visual representation of the project’s commitments to community engagement, and the ways these commitments are demonstrated through values and action. Our training opportunities, colearning activities and knowledge exchange efforts also confirmed the accuracy of interpretation, prompted additional analysis to clarify or add depth to findings, and helped us identify additional research topics. We hope these learnings can be used to expand engagement with diverse im/migrant communities in health and immigration research.