bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contribution of gums to natural durability of Prosopis africana heartwood
Authors: Géardin P. , Neya B. , Dumarçay S. , Pétrissans M. , Serraj M. , Huber F. 
Published: September 2004

Abstract
The exceptional natural durability of Prosopis africana heartwood was investigated to find potential new biocides for wood preservation. Extractions carried out with different solvents indicated high levels of extractives which explained wood durability towards fungal and insects attacks. However, the extractives were not enough to explain the durability. The hydrophobic character of the wood also likely had a significant effect. Contact angle measurements before and after extraction, indicated that extractives have only a minor effect on wood hydrophobicity. Microscopic analysis reveals the presence of high levels of gums filling the wood cell lumens, limiting the penetration of water.
Biological and chemical characteristics of "included sapwood" of Juniperus virginiana L.
Authors: Bauch J. , Puls J. , Klupsch R. , Vogel C. 
Published: September 2004

Abstract
The reddish-violet heartwood of Juniperus virginiana L. contains irregularly distributed and longitudinally oriented streaks of light-coloured wood, described as “included sapwood”. A histological study revealed that a blockage of the rays, which is caused by wounds often associated with tiny shakes, branch stubs and included bark, may lead to this anomaly. A study of fresh wood immediately after felling of the trees showed that “included sapwood” lacks physiological activity similar to the adjacent normal heartwood. Cellular UV-spectroscopic analysis revealed a secondary metabolism particularly of phenolic compounds in the pit membranes of tracheids during “included sapwood” formation, whereas the reddish-violet flavonoid compounds do not develop in this anomalous wood. Chemical analyses of petrol ether, diethyl ether, acetone and ethanol/water extracts of sapwood, “included sapwood” and heartwood showed that the accessory compounds cedrol, α-cedrene, widdrol, thujopsene and cuparene increased in “included sapwood” compared to sapwood. As opposed to the reddish-violet heartwood compounds, these sesquiterpenes turned out to be highly toxic against a brown-rot fungus in a bioassay. These findings justify defining “included sapwood” as a heartwood anomaly, since the important wood characteristics of this tissue obey the definition of heartwood rather than sapwood. This anomaly should no longer be a reason to exclude this type of wood from commercial utilisation.
Fitting parameters for softening of wet wood under quasi static loading
Authors: Hamdan S. , Dwianto W. , Morooka T. , Norimoto M. 
Published: September 2004

Abstract
This work calculates the parameters that can be fitted to
experimental data on compressive tests of selected softwoods
and hardwoods. The woods were subjected to
temperatures between 0°C and 100°C during severe radial
compression. The parameters of m, c and k under the
different conditions can be expressed by a constitutive
equation. For most woods, parameter k (related to the
Poisson's ratio) is approximately 1 except for Carpinus
tschonoskii Maxim (inushide) and Aesculus turninata Blume
(tochinoki). Parameter m ranges between 0.8–1
except for Pinus densiflora Seib. et Zucc. (akamatsu pine)
(1.2–1.6) and Pinus elliottii Engelm (slash pine) (from 2.1
down to 1.8). Parameter c ranges between 0.2–1.5
depending on the viscoelastic properties of the cell wall
for both hardwood and softwood.
Efficacy and Safety of Low‐Dose Valganciclovir for Prevention of Cytomegalovirus Disease in Renal Transplant Recipients: A Single‐Center, Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Gabardi Steven , Magee Colm C. , Baroletti Steven A. , Powelson John A. , Cina Jennifer L. , Chandraker Anil K. 
Published: September 2004

Study Objective. To evaluate the safety and efficacy of valganciclovir 450 mg/day for 6 months for cytomegalovirus (CMV) prophylaxis in renal transplant recipients.Design. Single‐center, retrospective analysis.Setting. Urban, academic medical center.Patients. Fifty‐eight patients who received de novo renal transplants from August 1, 2001–November 21, 2002.Intervention. Valganciclovir 450 mg/day was administered to all renal transplant recipients at risk for CMV disease. Therapy was begun postoperatively and was dose adjusted to renal function.Measurements and Main Results. Data collected from renal transplant recipients were demographics, immunosuppressive and antiviral drug therapy, and occurrence of CMV disease, acute rejection, allograft loss, and hematologic adverse events. Donor (D)/recipient (R) CMV serostatus was 37.9% D+/R+, 29.3% D‐/R+, 17.3% D+/R‐, and 15.5% D‐/R‐. Antithymocyte globulin (ATG) was administered to 62.1% of patients. Most of the transplant recipients received triple immunosuppression as maintenance therapy. Median follow‐up was 20 months. The frequency of CMV disease was 1.7% within 6 months after transplantation and 5.2% at any point after transplantation. All patients who developed CMV disease were D+/R‐ and had received ATG. Leukopenia and thrombocytopenia associated with valganciclovir were seen in 28% and 24% of patients, respectively. One patient developed acute cellular rejection. No graft losses or deaths occurred. Early discontinuation of valganciclovir occurred in 20% of patients secondary to severe, persistent leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, and/or diarrhea. None of these patients developed CMV disease.Conclusion. A high rate of CMV disease was noted among the D+/R‐population. Administration of ATG as an induction agent also increased the frequency of CMV disease. Despite the low dosage of valganciclovir, hematologic adverse events were common. However, valganciclovir, administered at 450 mg/day for 6 months, was effective and relatively safe for prophylaxis of CMV disease in renal transplant recipients.
Preparation and Application of Nanostructured Perovskite Phases
Authors: Weidenkaff A. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractTransition metal oxide compounds with perovskite‐type structure (AMX3‐δ) show besides attractive physical properties, such as high temperature superconduction or thermoelectricity, often excellent catalytic properties for various redox reactions. The catalytic reactivity is strongly dependent on composition, structure and of course the specific surface area of the compounds. Fine‐tuning of the properties can therefore be achieved by suitable cation‐ and anion‐ substitutions and by adjusting the morphology of the compounds. For systematic studies on the relationship between composition, structure and properties in these systems fine particles as well as thin films of identical compositions e.g. La1‐xCaxMO3‐δ (x = 0, 0.3, 0.4 , 0.5) (M = Fe, Co, Ni, Mn, Ti) are produced with diverse “chimie douce” methods. The samples are characterised concerning their chemical and physical properties. Carbon nanotube composite materials have been produced by catalytic decomposition of gaseous carbon compounds on nanometer‐size transition metal clusters on top of perovskite‐type metal oxides and tested for a possible application as oxygen electrodes in air based batteries.
Molecules with Linear π‐Conjugated Pathways between All Substituents: Omniconjugation (Adv. Funct. Mater. 2004, 14, 215)
Authors: van der Veen M. H. , Rispens M. T. , Jonkman H. T. , Hummelen J. C. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractTo view the original paper click http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adfm.200305003
Quantitative Determination of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) in Milk by Multiple Dynamic Headspace Extraction and GC—MS
Authors: Ciccioli Paolo , Brancaleoni Enzo , Frattoni Massimiliano , Fedele Vincenzo , Claps Salvatore , Signorelli Federica 
Published: September 2004

AbstractA method for the accurate determination of volatile organic compounds (VOC) in milk samples has been developed and tested. It combines multiple dynamic headspace extraction with GC—MS. Absolute amounts of VOC in the liquid phase are obtained by determining the first order kinetic dependence of the stepwise extraction of the analytes and internal standards from the liquid matrix. Compounds released from milk were collected on a train of traps filled with different solid sorbents to cover all components having a number of carbon atoms ranging from 4 to 15. They were analysed by GC—MS after thermal desorption of VOC from the collecting traps. Quantification of VOC in milk was performed using deuterated compounds as internal standards. The method was used to follow seasonal variations of monoterpenes in goat milk and to detect the impact of air pollution on the quality of milk.
Property prediction by correlations based on similarity of molecular structures
Authors: Shacham Mordechai , Brauner Neima , Cholakov Georgi , Stateva Roumiana P. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractA new approach for predicting a wide range of physical and thermodynamic properties is proposed. It involves calculation of the molecular descriptors of a target compound of unknown properties, followed by regression of this vector of molecular descriptors vs. a database of compounds with known descriptors and measured properties. The regression model, obtained for the target descriptors in terms of predictive compounds and their coefficients, is then used for prediction of properties of the target compound. The precision of the prediction can be estimated from the standard deviation of the correlation and the known precision of the property data of the predictive compounds. The proposed method was tested in predicting 31 properties of 18 compounds representing different hydrocarbon structures. The results show that the method has several unique advantages, such as the use of one structural correlation to predict all properties; estimation of the prediction error for compounds without measured data; opportunities to find alternative solutions to different problems and means to estimate their adequacy. The method can be used also for checking the consistency of measured data and data predicted by other methods. © 2004 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 50: 2481–2492, 2004
Hybrid approach to polymer grade transition control
Authors: Feather Darrin , Harrell Douglas , Lieberman Richard , Doyle Francis J. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractA hybrid approach to model predictive control of a polymer grade transition problem is developed. The controller is posed as a mixed integer programming problem in which the discrete elements of the algorithm include both linear switching models used to approximate the nonlinear process and operating heuristics that are incorporated as propositional logic inequalities. The algorithm is tested in simulation on a polypropylene loop reactor system. Feed rates of monomer, hydrogen, and catalyst are manipulated to regulate slurry density, melt flow rate, and production rate, for various grades. Robust performance is demonstrated for grade transitional control. © 2004 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 50: 2502–2513, 2004
Water management along the flow channels of PEM fuel cells
Authors: Yi Jung S. , Yang J. Deliang , King Constance 
Published: September 2004

AbstractWater management is one of the most critical issues for high‐performance polymer‐electrolyte‐membrane (PEM) fuel cells. A water‐flux model for vapor and liquid phases along a gas flow channel is developed. The dependency of the operating and design parameters, such as temperature, pressure, gas and liquid flow rate, and size of the fuel cell, on the water management along the flow channel is demonstrated. Issues associated with liquid water and membrane/electrode dry out as well as system water balance are identified. An “intracell” water‐exchange method, which can remove or supply water within a cell depending on local demand, is described. This water management scheme effectively minimizes the issues described above. Good cell performance with a high limiting current at low reactant pressure and high reactant utilization is demonstrated with this advanced water management system. © 2004 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 50: 2594–2603, 2004
A novel missense homozygous inactivating mutation in the fourth transmembrane helix of the luteinizing hormone receptor in leydig cell hypoplasia
Authors: Leung Michael Yiu‐Kwong , Al‐Muslim Osama , Wu Shao‐Ming , Aziz Andrew , Inam Sohail , Awadh Mohammed , Rennert Owen M. , Chan Wai‐Yee 
Published: September 2004

AbstractLoss‐of‐function mutations/inactivating mutations of the human chorionic gonadotropin/luteinizing hormone receptor (hCG/LHR), a G‐protein coupled receptor, lead to impaired Leydig cell differentiation. Leydig cell hypoplasia/agenesis/dysplasia (LCH) is one of the causes of male pseudohermaphroditism (MPH). We studied a 19‐year‐old MPH patient with female phenotype and 46,XY karyotype. Testicular histology and hormonal profile of the patient is typical of LCH. Nucleotide sequencing of exon 11 of hLHR identified a novel T1505C transversion mutation. The mutation is homozygous in the patient and is heterozygous in both parents. The single base mutation caused the substitution of a conserved leucine at 502 position to proline in transmembrane helix (TM) IV of the hLHR. This is the first LCH causing mutation identified in TM IV of the hLHR. Expression study of the mutated hLHR in human embryonic kidney (HEK)293 cells showed reduced cAMP production and ligand binding. Receptor trafficking was not affected by the mutation when the green fluorescence protein conjugated mutated receptor was expressed in HEK293 cells. The mutation caused inactivation of the hLHR and resulted in LCH in the patient. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Self‐healing congenital verruciform hyperkeratosis
Authors: Léauté‐Labrèze Christine , Boralevi Franck , Cony Mariane , Maleville Jean , Lacombe Didier , Surlève‐Bazeille Jean‐Etienne , Taïeb Alain 
Published: September 2004

AbstractWe report on an apparently previously undescribed neonatal diffuse congenital hyperkeratosis with spontaneous improvement. The child, born to consanguinous parents, presented at birth with a verrucous hyperkeratosis involving face, trunk, and limbs, but sparing palms and soles. No visceral or skeletal abnormality was associated and neurosensory status was normal. The skin condition improved dramatically during the first month of life. At age 7 years, the child was healthy with normal psychomotor development and growth. He had an abnormal curvature of nose, ulerythema ophryogenes, and large ears. The skin was moderately dry. This favorable clinical outcome led us to propose the term “regressive congenital hyperkeratosis” until further molecular characterization of this new phenotype. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Two patients with monomelic ulnar duplication with mirror hand polydactyly: Segmental Laurin–Sandrow syndrome
Authors: Innis Jeffrey W. , Hedera Peter 
Published: September 2004

AbstractWe have studied two unrelated boys with isolated left mirror hand and ulnar duplication. Neither had facial anomalies and family histories were unremarkable. We suggest that these boys have segmental Laurin–Sandrow syndrome, or mirror‐image duplication, due to somatic mutation involving precursor cells of the left upper limb and that the facial and digital abnormalities in Laurin–Sandrow syndrome are consistent with ectopic anterior hedgehog signaling in the developing limb bud and in the maxillary processes of the face, which closely resemble findings in the Doublefoot (Dbf) mouse mutant. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Assisted reproductive technology and congenital overgrowth: Some speculations on a case of Pallister–Killian syndrome
Authors: Chiurazzi P. , Bajer J. , Tabolacci E. , Pomponi M.G. , Lecce R. , Zollino M. , Neri G. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractWe report on a boy with Pallister–Killian syndrome (PKS) who was conceived by assisted reproductive technology (ART), specifically in vitro fertilization (IVF) with parents' gametes. A prenatal diagnosis performed elsewhere by CVS failed to detect the presence of the isochromosome 12p that was demonstrated postnatally in approximately 50% of cultured skin fibroblasts. Given that the patient did not show the congenital overgrowth typical of PKS, we speculate that ART might have restricted overgrowth in this particular case. More broadly, we hypothesize that overgrowth might protect from early demise fetuses conceived by ART, a technology known to cause low and very low birth weight. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Linkage analyses of four regions previously implicated in dyslexia: Confirmation of a locus on chromosome 15q
Authors: Chapman Nicola H. , Igo Robert P. , Thomson Jennifer B. , Matsushita Mark , Brkanac Zoran , Holzman Ted , Berninger Virginia W. , Wijsman Ellen M. , Raskind Wendy H. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractDyslexia is a common, complex disorder, which is thought to have a genetic component. There have been numerous reports of linkage to several regions of the genome for dyslexia and continuous dyslexia‐related phenotypes. We attempted to confirm linkage of continuous measures of (1) accuracy and efficiency of phonological decoding; and (2) accuracy of single word reading (WID) to regions on chromosomes 2p, 6p, 15q, and 18p, using 111 families with a total of 898 members. We used both single‐marker and multipoint variance components linkage analysis and Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) joint segregation and linkage analysis for initial inspection of these regions. Positive results were followed with traditional parametric lod score analysis using a model estimated by MCMC segregation analysis. No positive linkage signals were found on chromosomes 2p, 6p, or 18p. Evidence of linkage of WID to chromosome 15q was found with both methods of analysis. The maximum single‐marker parametric lod score of 2.34 was obtained at a distance of 3 cM from D15S143. Multipoint analyses localized the putative susceptibility gene to the interval between markers GATA50C03 and D15S143, which falls between a region implicated in a recent genome screen for attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder, andDYX1C1, a candidate gene for dyslexia. This apparent multiplicity of linkage signals in the region for developmental disorders may be the result of errors in map and/or model specification obscuring the pleiotropic effect of a single gene on different phenotypes, or it may reflect the presence of multiple genes. This article contains supplementary material, which may be viewed at the American Journal of Medical Genetics website athttp://www.interscience.wiley.com/jpages/0148‐7299:1/suppmat/index.html. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Reproductive parameters and life‐history variables in captive golden‐bellied mangabeys (Cercocebus agilis chrysogaster)
Authors: Walker Suzanne E. , Strasser M. Elizabeth , Field Leslie P. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractAn understanding of the reproductive physiology of captive primates is vital for their successful management. We report on reproductive parameters and life‐history variables collected at the Sacramento Zoo for five female golden‐bellied mangabeys (Cercocebus agilis chrysogaster) over a 7‐year period. For each female, we collected data on their sexual skins, menses, gestation, and other pregnancy‐related factors, such as postconception bleeding and swelling. We used these data to estimate life‐history variables, such as age at onset of estrus, menses, and conception, as well as the duration of intervals between births, and between parturition and the resumption of cycling. Cercocebus agilis chrysogaster is comparable to other Cercocebus species in terms of reproductive parameters, although variability is exhibited within and among female subjects. In some cases, it appears that stressful incidents altered cycle length or halted cycling altogether. We suggest the use of husbandry practices that include consistent data collection to enhance regularity in reproductive cycles, and maximize captive breeding success for this rare species. Am. J. Primatol. 64:123–131, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Reliability test of the visual assessment of cranial traits for sex determination
Authors: Walrath Dana E. , Turner Paul , Bruzek Jaroslav 
Published: September 2004

AbstractInterobserver variation in visual evaluation was analyzed for 10 cranial traits in a homogeneous archaeological series. Two observers independently scored cranial traits commonly used for determination of sex. Though determination of sex did not differ significantly for the two observers, individual traits had different levels of interobserver reliability. In addition, indices of relative “maleness” and “femaleness” derived by the two observers differed at statistically significant levels. Because such indices are used in cross‐population comparisons of relative gracility and robusticity of diverse samples, these comparisons should be interpreted with caution when more than one investigator has performed an assessment. Most of our instances of interobserver discordance derived from character traits described in subjective terms without accompanying diagrams. Clarity of definition, rather than number of character traits, was found to be critical for effective determination of sex by the visual assessment method. Use of fewer, more precisely defined character traits can improve interobserver reliability. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Intra‐and interpopulational differences in orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus) activity and diet: Implications for the invention of tool use
Authors: Fox ElizaBeth A. , van Schaik Carel P. , Sitompul Arnold , Wright Donielle N. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractTool manufacture and use have been described for wild orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus), with appreciable interpopulational differences in tool complexes. The ecological factors that contribute to these differences require investigation. Significant interpopulational differences in diet suggest that ecological factors contribute to variation in tool‐based insect foraging. Using 4 years of behavioral data from the Suaq Balimbing Research Station (Sumatra, Indonesia), we tested predictions of two ecological hypotheses for the invention of tool use for insect foraging. We found limited evidence for inter‐ and intrasexual differences, as well as temporal variation, in activity budget and diet. However, differences did not correspond to variation in either rate of tool use or specialization on tool‐based insectivory. Compared to other populations, orangutans at Suaq Balimbing ate significantly more insects. Low temporal variation in insectivory and an abundance of social insects at Suaq Balimbing suggest that insects formed a staple in the diet rather than a fallback food. Our findings do not support the hypothesis that tool use is a response to the low availability of primary food sources. Rather, greater opportunities for invention likely contributed to insect‐extraction tool use at Suaq Balimbing. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Total dream loss: A distinct neuropsychological dysfunction after bilateral PCA stroke
Authors: Bischof Matthias , Bassetti Claudio L. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractThe term Charcot–Wilbrand syndrome (CWS) denotes dream loss following focal brain damage. We report the first case of CWS, in whom neuropsychological functions, extension of the underlying lesion, and sleep architecture changes were assessed. A 73‐year‐old woman reported a total dream loss after acute, bilateral occipital artery infarction (including the right inferior lingual gyrus), which lasted for over 3 months. In the absence of sleep–wake complaints and (other) neuropsychological deficits, polysomnography demonstrated an essentially normal sleep architecture with preservation of REM sleep. Dreaming was denied also after repeated awakenings from REM sleep. This observation suggests that CWS (1) can represent a distinct and isolated neuropsychological manifestation of deep occipital lobe damage, and (2) may occur in the absence of detectable REM sleep abnormalities. Ann Neurol 2004