bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Energy Intake, Metabolic Balance and Growth in Preterm Infants Fed Formulas With Different Nonprotein Energy Supplements
Authors: Romera Gerardo , Figueras Josep , Rodríguez‐Miguélez José Manuel , Ortega Josep , Jiménez Rafael 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACTObjective:To study metabolic and energy balances, growth and composition of increased body mass in healthy preterm infants fed control formula or control formula with three different nonprotein energy supplements.Patients and Methods:Growing preterm infants (birth weight < 1,500 g and gestational age < 31 weeks) were fed standard preterm formula (control group) or the same formula enriched with three different nonprotein energy supplements. An energy supplement of 23 kcal/kg/day was achieved by adding medium‐chain triglyceride and dextrinomaltose in three different caloric ratios: 33:66 in group A, 66:33 in group B, and 85:15 in group C. Energy balance was determined by open‐circuit continuous (5–6 hours) measurements of energy expenditure, with simultaneous measurement of 24‐hour urinary nitrogen excretion. Metabolic balance was determined by measurements of energy intake, energy oxidation, and energy output in urine and stool. The composition of body mass accretion was determined as the accretion of fat and protein in the total weight gain.Results:The fat accretion (4.9, 5.9, 6.2, and 3.8 g/kg/day in groups A, B, C and D, respectively) correlated directly with fat intake. Infants receiving standard energy intake had a fat percentage of weight gain significantly lower (28%) than that of the high‐energy intake groups (31%, 40%, and 38% in groups A, B, and C, respectively). This difference corresponded to the results obtained from skinfold thickness measurements.Conclusions:Excess nonprotein energy is stored as fat regardless of its source (fat or carbohydrate). High caloric and medium‐chain triglyceride intake in otherwise healthy growing preterm infants does not promote nitrogen retention.
Longevity of Balloon‐stabalized Skin‐level Gastrostomy Devive
Authors: Michaud Laurent , Guimber Dominique , Blain‐Stregloff Anne‐Sophie , Ganga‐Zandzou Serge , Gottrand Frédéric , Turck Dominique 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACTObjective:The gastrostomy button is increasingly used in patients requiring long‐term enteral feeding. No data are available addressing the longevity of balloon‐type gastrostomy buttons. The aim of this study was to evaluate the longevity of balloon‐type gastrostomy buttons in children and the cause of the button removal.Patients and methods:During a period of 2.5 years, 165 gastrostomy (Mic‐Key®, Medical Innovations Corporation, Draper, Utah, U.S.A.) buttons were inserted in 84 children. In all patients, the button replaced a standard tube gastrostomy. The first button was usually inserted under general anesthesia at least 2 months after the insertion of a surgical gastrostomy tube. Additional replacement was performed without sedation.Results:Mean longevity of balloon‐type gastrostomy buttons was 5 months (range, 14 days–14 months). Causes of button removal were: inner balloon rupture (n = 101, 61%); leak around button or deflation of the balloon (n = 23, 14%); accidental removal (n = 20, 12%); device damage (n = 5), and obstruction (n = 3). When considering the subgroup with inner balloon rupture, the longevity of the button was 6 months (range, 1–13 months). No correlation was found between duration of gastrostomy button and underlying disease, age of the patient, or the use of antisecretory drugs.Conclusion:Although the Mic‐Key button has the advantage of an easy insertion, its major limitation is the high frequency of inner balloon rupture, which was the primary main reason for removal.
Plasma Oxytocin in Children with Recurrent Abdominal Pain
Authors: Alfvén Gösta 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACTObjective:The main objective of this work was to study plasma oxytocin concentration of children with psychosomatic recurrent abdominal pain and children with organic abdominal disease producing pain. Another objective was to study plasma oxytocin in children with psychosomatic recurrent pain over time and its relationship to other associated symptoms such as somatic pains and appetite.Design:The concentration of oxytocin in plasma (fasting morning sample) was measured by radioimmunoassay in 48 children with abdominal pain, 32 of whom had psychosomatic recurrent abdominal pain according to previously defined criteria. Oxytocin levels were assessed in a separate group of 15 children with inflammatory bowel disease with abdominal pain and in a control group of 79 healthy school children.Results:Plasma oxytocin concentration was significantly lower in children with recurrent abdominal pain of psychosomatic origin (P < 0.0001) and in the group of children with inflammatory bowel disease (P < 0.001) compared to controls. There was no difference between oxytocin levels of children with psychosomatic abdominal pain and those with inflammatory bowel disease. When repeated after one year, children with psychosomatic abdominal pain had an increase in mean plasma oxytocin level (P < 0.05). No relationship was found between specific symptoms and plasma oxytocin.Conclusions:Plasma oxytocin level is low in patients with abdominal pain of psychosomatic origin and inflammatory bowel disease. Measurement of plasma oxytocin may be of some help in the differential diagnosis of recurrent abdominal pain, but does not differentiate between psychosomatic abdominal pain and pain associated with inflammatory bowel disease.
Cholestatic and Metabolic Liver Diseases: Working Group Report of the Second World Congress of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition
Authors: Thompson Richard J. , Azevedo Ramiro Anthero , Galoppo Cristina , Lewindon Peter , McKiernan Patrick 
Published: January 2024

Research
To understand the mechanisms of drug‐induced cholestasis.
Which conditions are best treated by liver replacement therapy or bone marrow transplant, and how does one monitor the function of such cells?
Intervention
To develop common diagnostic pathways for cholestatic or metabolic liver disease.
International network for rare diagnosis.
What are the minimal skills needed to care for biliary atresia.
Education
Dissemination of practically useful research findings.
International framework for re‐education.
Intestinal Failure and Small Bowel Transplantation, Including Clinical Nutrition: Working Group Report of the Second World Congress of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition
Authors: Kocoshis Samuel A. , Beath Sue V. , Booth Ian W. , Garcia Oliva Carlos A. , Goulet Olivier , Kaufman Stuart S. , Lai Hong Shiee , Luque Carlos , Ohtsuka Yoshikazu 
Published: January 2024

Research
Epidemiology and natural history of short bowel syndrome and intestinal failure.
Basic and translational research in intestinal failure.
Basic and translational research in small bowel transplantation.
Intervention
Decreasing the incidence of intestinal failure.
Reducing the economic impact of intestinal failure.
Reducing the economic impact of intestinal transplantation.
Education
Education of patients and families in the principles of intestinal rehabilitation.
Education of primary practitioners, house officers and medical students in basic nutrition and nutritional rehabilitation.
Education of a cadre of highly specialized nurses, nutritionists and physicians in the subtleties of medical and surgical therapy of patients with intestinal failure.
Pediatric Surgery of the Digestive Tract: Working Group Report of the Second World Congress of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition
Authors: Langer Jacob C. , Carpaneto Eduardo , Defago Victor , Le Coultre Claude , Tam Paul 
Published: January 2024

Research
Molecular biology, embryology, and genetics of Hirschsprung disease and intestinal neuronal dysplasia.
Etiology and prevention of necrotizing enterocolitis.
Intervention
Providing evidence‐based guidelines for the use of minimal access surgery in pediatric gastrointestinal disorders through clinical trials.
Improving results of surgery for biliary atresia.
Comparison of medical and surgical approaches to children with gastroesophageal reflux.
Education
Improving surgical care for children with gastrointestinal disease in developing nations.
Improving communication between pediatric gastroenterologists and pediatric surgeons.
Persistent and Chronic Diarrhea and Malabsorption: Working Group Report of the Second World Congress of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition
Authors: Bhutta Zulfiqar A. , Ghishan Fayez , Lindley Keith , Memon Iqbal A. , Mittal Santosh , Rhoads J. Marc 
Published: January 2024

Research
Assessment of mucosal immunopathology and molecular and cellular biology of persistent diarrhea in representative populations in developing countries.
Studies of small bowel microbiology in PD, especially in at‐risk populations e.g., malnourished children and HIV endemic areas.
Evaluation of the link of micronutrient deficiencies with PD and their relationship with intestinal repair mechanisms.
Intervention
Improved facility‐based approaches and algorithms for the nutritional management of PD and malnutrition.
Diagnosis and management of PD in public health system and primary care (including domiciliary) settings.
Scaling‐up environmental control measures and safe water and hygiene strategies.
Education
Continuing medical education strategies to educate medical students and physicians in the recognition, management and prevention of PD.
Education of nursing and paramedical personnel in the recognition and management of PD in ambulatory and health system settings.
Community and public health education strategies for increased awareness of the prevention of PD and optimal management of acute and prolonged diarrheal episodes.
Lack of Effect of Oral 4‐Phenylbutyrate on Serum Alpha‐1‐Antitrypsin in Patients with α‐1‐Antitrypsin Deficiency: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Teckman Jeffrey H. 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACTObjective:In homozygotes with ZZ genotype alpha‐1‐antitrypsin (α1AT) deficiency, mutant α1ATZ protein (α1ATZ) accumulates in hepatocytes, rather than being secreted into the blood. Homozygous individuals experience emphysema as a result of reduced levels of circulating α1AT in the lung with which to inhibit connective tissue breakdown. Homozygotes may also experience liver disease from the accumulation of α1ATZ within hepatocytes, which causes liver damage. A previous study indicated that the compound 4‐phenylbutyrate (4‐PBA) mediated a significant increase in release of α1ATZ from cells in tissue culture and in a mouse model of α1AT deficiency. The authors hypothesized that 4‐PBA could be used to treat both the liver and lung disease of humans with α1AT deficiency.Methods:In this preliminary, open label study the authors evaluated the effect of 14 days of oral 4‐PBA therapy on α1AT blood levels in 10 patients with α1AT deficiency.Results:There was no significant increase in α1AT blood level associated with 4‐PBA administration. Symptomatic and metabolic side effects were significant.Conclusion:4‐PBA did not increase α1AT blood levels in humans with α1AT deficiency in this preliminary trial.
Neutrophil and Small Intestinal Lymphocyte Migration After Salmonella typhimurium Infection: Impact of Fermentable Fiber
Authors: Milo Laura A. , Correa‐Matos Nancy J. , Donovan Sharon M. , Tappenden Kelly A. 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACTObjectives:Formula‐fed infants have more episodes of acute diarrhea and intestinal infection than do breast‐fed infants. Nutrient additions to infant formula that could confer some of the immune benefits of breast milk to formula‐fed infants are currently under investigation. This study examined the impact of enteral formulas supplemented with fermentable substrates on small intestinal lymphocyte and neutrophil migration in piglets infected with Salmonella typhimurium. Small intestinal proin‐flammatory cytokine messenger RNA abundance and in vitro lipopolysaccharide‐stimulated interleukin‐6 release in whole blood were assessed.Methods:Piglets were randomized to receive sow milk replacer formula supplemented with methylcellulose (control), soy polysaccharides (SPS) or fructooligosaccharides (FOS). On day 7, half of the piglets were infected with S. typhimurium. Intestinal lymphocyte, neutrophil and whole blood samples were obtained on day 14.Results:After infection, there was decreased lymphocyte migration in the control group but not in the SPS and FOS groups. The SPS group had greater neutrophil migration compared with the control and FOS groups, regardless of infection. Small intestinal abundance of proinflammatory cytokine messenger RNA was not significantly changed by either infection or diet. Blood from the FOS group challenged with lipopolysaccharide for 2 hours exhibited decreased interleukin‐6 production compared with blood from the control and SPS groups, regardless of infection.Conclusions:Supplementation of enteral formulas with SPS maintains the migratory function of small intestinal lymphocytes while increasing that of neutrophils.
Assessment of Phospholipid Malabsorption by Quantification of Fecal Phospholipid
Authors: Chen Alice , Innis Sheila 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACTObjectives:The standard methods for quantifying fat absorption involve extraction of fat from fecal samples with heptane, ether and ethanol. These solvents do not quantitatively recover phospholipids. Malabsorption of dietary and biliary phosphatidylcholine could potentially result in choline deficiency. Therefore, the authors developed a method extracting and quantifying fecal phospholipids.Methods:Fecal samples were collected for 72 hours from 18 children with cystic fibrosis and 10 control children. Fat was extracted first with hexane/diethyl ether/ethanol and then with chloroform/methanol. Total fat was quantitated gravimetrically. Phospholipids in extracted fat were separated and quantified using high‐performance liquid chromatography with evaporative light‐scattering detection (HPLC‐ELSD). Phospholipid quantification was validated with a phosphomolybdate colorimetric assay.Results:The combination of solvent systems used in this study significantly improved total fat (p < 0.05) and phospholipid (p < 0.001) extraction compared with either hexane/diethyl ether/ethanol or chloroform/methanol alone. Fecal phospholipid measured by HPLC‐ELSD was significantly correlated with lipid‐soluble phosphorous using the phosphomolybdate assay (r = 0.75, p < 0.001). This method also allows quantification of fecal phosphatidylcholine and lysophosphatidylcholine.Conclusions:Hexane/diethyl ether/ethanol followed by chloroform/methanol extraction of fecal samples and quantification of phospholipids using HPLC‐ELSD is a new method for investigating phospholipid malabsorption.
Communication modality matters: Co‐rumination via in‐person versus digital modalities has different prospective associations with depression and friendship quality
Authors: Battaglini Ashley M. , Rnic Katerina , Jopling Ellen , Tracy Alison , LeMoult Joelle 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIntroductionCo‐rumination is an interpersonal emotion regulation strategy in which negative feelings and problems are discussed perseveratively with another person. Although co‐rumination is salient in adolescence, research to date has focused on co‐rumination occurring in person and has not kept pace with the surge in digital communication that begins in adolescence. This study examined the degree, associations among, and consequences (i.e., depressive symptoms, and friendship quality) of adolescents' co‐rumination via in‐person, text, social media, and phone modalities.MethodsAdolescents (n = 109; 51 girls, 57 boys, 1 nonbinary; Mage = 12.83 years) residing in Canada, completed self‐report questionnaires on co‐rumination, depressive symptoms, and friendship quality for up to 2 years.ResultsAdolescents engaged in co‐rumination across all modalities, particularly in‐person. Findings indicated a negative association between in‐person co‐rumination at baseline and in‐person co‐rumination over time. Whereas less text co‐rumination was associated with increased depressive symptoms over time, greater phone co‐rumination was associated with increased depressive symptoms over time. Although greater in‐person co‐rumination was positively associated with friendship quality concurrently, it was negatively associated with friendship quality prospectively.ConclusionsTaken together, co‐rumination outcomes may vary depending on communication modality. Implications for adolescents' mental and social wellbeing are discussed.
Netrin‐1 protects blood–brain barrier (BBB) integrity after cerebral ischemia‐reperfusion by activating the Kruppel‐like factor 2 (KLF2)/occludin pathway
Authors: Li Yuanxiao , Liu Changyun , Chen Zhiting , Lin Hanbin , Li Xiaofeng 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIschemia/reperfusion (I/R)‐induced neural damage and neuroinflammation have been associated with pathological progression during stroke. Netrin‐1 is an important member of the family of laminin‐related secreted proteins, which plays an important role in governing axon elongation. However, it is unknown whether Netrin‐1 possesses a beneficial role in stroke. Here, we employed the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model to study the function of Netrin‐1 in alleviating brain injuries. Our results demonstrate that Netrin‐1 rescued poststroke neurological deficits and inhibited production of the inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin 6 (IL‐6) and endothelial chemokine (C‐X‐C motif) ligand 1 (Cxcl1). Importantly, Netrin‐1 protected against MCAO‐induced dysfunction of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) in mice and a reduction in the expression of the tight junction (TJ) protein occludin. Additionally, we report that Netrin‐1 could ameliorate oxygen‐glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R)‐induced injury and prevent aggravation in endothelial monolayer permeability in bEnd.3 human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMVECs). Mechanistically, Netrin‐1 ameliorated OGD/R‐induced decrease in occludin and Kruppel‐like factor 2 (KLF2) in HBMVECs. Notably, silencing of KLF2 abolished the beneficial effects of Netrin‐1 in protecting endothelial permeability and occludin expression, suggesting that these effects are mediated by KLF2. In conclusion, our findings suggest that Netrin‐1 could constitute a novel therapeutic strategy for ischemic stroke.
Camphor tree bark extract as green corrosion inhibitor of LCS in 0.5 M H2SO4 with and without salt effect
Authors: El Nemr Ahmed , Elhebshi Abdualah , Ashour Ibrahim , El‐Deab Mohamed S. , Barghout Nehal A. , Eddy Nnabuk Okon , Ragab Safaa 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis work tested the ethanol extract of camphor tree Cinnamomum camphora bark (CTBEE) as a green corrosion inhibitor of low carbon steel (LCS) in 0.5 M H2SO4 with and without the synergistic effect of 4000 ppm NaCl or 800 ppm of KI. The corrosion protection of LCS was significantly increased in the presence of CTBEE‐KI and CBWE‐NaCl blends compared with CTBEE alone, according to data performed by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and electrochemical polarization (EP) analyses. The formation of a film by the blends blocks the LCS surface area, preventing corrosive gradients from reaching its surface. Inhibition efficiency (IE%) of 81% and 89% were obtained in the presence of 800 ppm CTBEE‐4000 ppm NaCl and CTBEE‐800 ppm KI, respectively, compared with IE of 65% in the presence of 800 ppm CTBEE only. A maximum IE% of 89% and 97% were reached after 72 h of immersion in the presence of CTBEE‐NaCl and CTBEE‐KI, respectively. Potentiodynamic experiments indicate that the blends act as mixed‐type inhibitors. The inhibition efficiency of CTBEE, CTBEE‐KI, and CTBEE‐NaCl remained effectively high during the testing period of immersion time, which proved the excellent stability of CTBEE in the corrosive acidic media.
Micro aneurysm detection using optimizedresidual‐basedtemporal attentionConvolutional Neural NetworkwithInception‐V3transfer learning
Authors: Alotaibi Nouf Saeed 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn this manuscript micro aneurysm detection using residual‐based temporal attention Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) with Inception‐V3 transfer learning optimized with equilibrium optimization algorithm (MA‐RTCNN‐Inception V3‐EOA) is proposed. The proposed research work contains four phases: (1) pre‐processing, (2) segmentation, (3) post‐processing, and (4) classification. At first, guided box filtering for contrast enhancement and background exclusion of input image. The proposed MA‐RTCNN‐Inception V3‐EOA based classification framework is implemented in MATLAB using several performances evaluating metrics like precision, sensitivity, f‐measure, specificity, accuracy, classification error rate, and Matthews's correlation coefficient and RoC analysis. The experimental outcome demonstrates that the proposed method provides 23.56%, 14.99%, and 21.37% higher accuracy and 31.26%, 57.69%, and 21.14% minimum classification error rate compared to existing methods, such as diabetic retinopathy identification utilizing prognosis of micro aneurysm and early diagnosis for non‐proliferative diabetic retinopathy depending on deep learning approaches (DRD‐CNN‐NPDR), a magnified adaptive feature pyramid network for automatic micro aneurysms identification (MAFPN‐AMD‐MAFP‐Net) respectively.Research HighlightsMicro aneurysm detection using residual‐based temporal attention Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) is proposed.To get rid of the retina background, guided box filtering is applied.COAT is used for segmenting the images into smaller partsRTCNN is used for accurate micro aneurysms disease classification.RT‐CNN algorithm successfully identifies the micro aneurysms using EOA.
“Can you help me think this through?” How pediatric hospitalists learn from informal peer consultation
Authors: O'Neill Laura B. , Bhansali Priti , Goldman Ellen 
Published: January 2024

AbstractInformal peer consultation (IPC), also called curbside consultation, is a common practice in medicine. Research has shown that physicians use IPC but how this learning occurs during the process has not been studied. This basic qualitative study describes how pediatric hospitalists learn during IPC, framed by Kolb's (2015) Experiential Learning Theory of Growth and Development. Eleven pediatric hospitalists were interviewed. Deidentified transcripts were coded for key themes using inductive methods. The main prompt for informal peer consultation was the perception of uncertainty. Three themes describe the learning process: “Eliciting Perspectives,” “Thinking Aloud Together,” and “Experiencing Validation. A fourth theme, “Acknowledging Value,” described the importance of IPC for modeling how to manage uncertainty with patients' caregivers and medical trainees. By describing the learning process, the results have implications for physicians who engage in IPC and may inform faculty‐level professional development initiatives to improve the IPC process.