bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ALGORITMA HUFFMAN CODING UNTUK OPTIMALISASI UNTUK MENINGKATKAN RASIO KOMPRESI CITRA
Authors: Margiutomo Sapta Aji Sri 
Published: September 2023

Perkembangan media penyimpanan pada teknologi komputer saat ini sangat pesat , teknologi ini telah terbukti sangat efektif dan mempermudah segala aktivitas yang berhubungan dengan pertukaran data atau informasi. Informasi yang berbentuk citra umumnya mengandung jumlah data yang besar, baik dilihat dari jumlah pikselnya maupun dari besarnya jumlah bit yang digunakan untuk pengkodean nilai gray-level atau pengkodean nilai warna setiap piksel. Semakin besar ukuran citra semakin besar pula jumlah data yang dikandungnya, sehingga membutuhkan media penyimpanan dengan ukuran memori yang besar. Untuk mengatasi permasalahan di atas, salah satu solusinya adalah dengan cara memampatkan atau mengkompres data citra tersebut sehingga memiliki jumlah data lebih kecil dari jumlah semula dengan tanpa mengurangi isi atau kualitas citra itu sendiri.
DESAIN DAN IMPLEMENTASI GAME PETUALANGAN KURT PADA MOBILE PHONE MENGGUNAKAN J2ME
Authors: Sundari Retno , Arianto Sofi 
Published: September 2023

Advances in communications technology is growing very rapidly, especially mobile communication technology. In addition to the hardware technology continues to evolve, technology software applications are also progressing very rapidly. One form of the advancement of mobile communication technology and the growing popular today are Java-based applications on mobile phones using J2ME (Java 2 Micro Edition).The purpose of this thesis is to design and implement an application program on mobile games using J2ME, so it can apply the application that is the result of a game development on mobile phones so that the resulting game interesting. Software (software) Kurt adventure computer game was created using the programming language Java 2 Micro Edition (J2ME). Keywords: Design and Implementation, Games, Mobile Phone, J2ME
ANALISIS PENERAPAN DIFFSERV PADA TEKNOLOGI TCP/IP TRADISIONAL UNTUK JARINGAN PERANGKAT TELEKOMUNIKASI 3G BERBASIS IP DI PT INDOSAT, TBK. CABANG MALANG
Authors: Winarko Putro Okma 
Published: September 2023

The third generation mobile communication technology or 3G allows users to enjoy various high-speed communications services. PT Indosat, Tbk. as one of the leading mobile operators in Indonesia builds IP-based 3G telecommunications network in Malang, which consists of 3G cellular network transmitters (Node B) and Radio Network Controller (RNC), over an IP/MPLS network that become the communication line among 3G telecommunication network elements. Network devices with traditional TCP/IP concept, which is the beginning of IP/MPLS development, has a lower implementation cost and a feature to implement DiffServ (Differentiated Services) to improve Qualiy of Service (QoS). The goal of this research is to design and build a small-scale traditional TCP/IP network (testbed) and performing analysis on the Diffserv implementation. The analysis shows that DiffServ can be applied to the designed network and able to improve QoS by making priorites based on Differentiated Service Code Point (DSCP). The testbed network is also capable of handling 3 Node B which is connected to 1 RNC. Key words: Diffserv, QoS, TCP/IP, 3G
DETERMINATION OF THE MINIMUM INHIBITORY CONCENTRATION OF THE ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF KIPAHIT LEAVES ON THE GROWTH OF Propionibacterium acnes
Authors: Wibowo Joko Priyanto , Aida Noor , Nor Islan , Zamzani Irfan 
Published: September 2023

Acne is a skin disorder characterized by inflammation in the form of comedones, papules, pustules, and nodules. The disease is caused by the gram-positive bacterium, Propionibacterium acnes. Treatment of the disease using antibiotic agents such as erythromycin and clindamycin has been reported to cause some side effects. Therefore, alternative antibacterial agents derived from natural products are required to reduce the occurrence of side effects. Kipahit (Tithonia diversifolia A. Gray) is one of the plants with pharmacological activities, such as antibacterial and antiprotozoal activities. The aim of this study was to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of a 96% ethanolic extract of kipahit leaves on the growth of P. acnes. Kipahit leaves were extracted through the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) method. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined using the liquid dilution method. A serial dilution was performed to prepare a series of extract concentrations: 25%, 12.5%, 6.25%, 3.13%, 1.56%, 0.78%, and 0.39%. Whereas, clindamycin and DMSO 1% were used as positive and negative controls, respectively. Phytochemical screening showed that the 96% ethanolic extract of kipahit leaves contains flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, steroids/triterpenoids, tannins, and phenolic compounds. In addition, the extract showed inhibitory activity against P. acnes at concentrations ranging from 25% to 1,56%. In contrast, the extract showed no inhibitory activity at concentrations of 0.78% and 0.39%. Further experiments confirmed that kipahit leaf extract acted as a bacteriostatic agent (inhibiting bacterial growth) at a minimum concentration of 1.56%.
Keywords: Acne, Propionibacterium acnes, Kipahit, MIC
The Q Branch Cooling Anomaly Can Be Explained by Mergers of White Dwarfs and Subgiant Stars
Authors: Shen Ken J. , Blouin Simon , Breivik Katelyn 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Gaia's exquisite parallax measurements allowed for the discovery and characterization of the Q branch in the Hertzsprung–Russell diagram, where massive C/O white dwarfs (WDs) pause their dimming due to energy released during crystallization. Interestingly, the fraction of old stars on the Q branch is significantly higher than in the population of WDs that will become Q branch stars or that were Q branch stars in the past. From this, Cheng et al. inferred that ∼6% of WDs passing through the Q branch experience a much longer cooling delay than that of standard crystallizing WDs. Previous attempts to explain this cooling anomaly have invoked mechanisms involving supersolar initial metallicities. In this paper, we describe a novel scenario in which a standard composition WD merges with a subgiant star. The evolution of the resulting merger remnant leads to the creation of a large amount of 26Mg, which, along with the existing 22Ne, undergoes a distillation process that can release enough energy to explain the Q branch cooling problem without the need for atypical initial abundances. The anomalously high number of old stars on the Q branch may thus be evidence that mass transfer from subgiants to WDs leads to unstable mergers.
X-Ray and Optical Observations of the Young M Dwarf Dipper Star TIC 234284556
Authors: Poppenhaeger Katja , Montet Benjamin T. , Alvarado-Gómez Julián D. , Palumbo Elsa , Feinstein Adina D. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
We observed TIC 234284556 in X-rays and in the optical with XMM-Newton to study the recurring dip previously seen in TESS observations. The dip did not appear during our observation. We detect X-ray flares and anti-correlated rotational modulation in X-rays and in the optical.
Salt Distribution from Freezing Intrusions in Ice Shells on Ocean Worlds: Application to Europa
Authors: Naseem Mariam , Neveu Marc , Howell Samuel , Lesage Elodie , Melwani Daswani Mohit , Vance Steven D. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Several icy moons and dwarf planets appear to have hosted subsurface liquid water. Liquid water intruding upwards into the icy outer shells of these worlds freezes, forming ice and (from ocean solutes) non-ice solids. Here, we model concentrated aqueous solutions below 273 K to simulate the compositional evolution of freezing spherical intrusions. Starting solutions are based on five previously reported compositional end members for Europa’s ocean. For moderate-pH end members dominated by chloride, sulfate, and/or carbonate, the solids formed include Ca-, Mg-, and Na-sulfates and -carbonates, as well as Na- and K-chlorides. For silica-rich, high-pH end members, abundant amorphous silica forms with, potentially, similarly abundant NaOH and KOH. We further develop a new numerical model to compute the spatial distribution of the formed solids and residual brine as freezing progresses. If non-ice solids settle to the bottom, their deposits tend to have stacked hourglass shapes, widening each time the crystallization temperature of a new solid is reached. We discuss the applicability of this model to vertical fractures and global freezing of a subsurface ocean. These results inform (i) how compositional heterogeneities may affect the thermophysical properties of ice shells, which in turn influence convective and cryovolcanic transport, (ii) the compatibility of brine pockets with physicochemical conditions suitable for microbial life, and (iii) possible measurements of compositional heterogeneities within ice shells by spacecraft such as NASA’s Europa Clipper and ESA’s JUICE missions. The methodology developed here is applicable to other ice-covered ocean worlds.
L’adaptation des sociétés pastorales de Mongolie-Intérieure au monde chinois contemporain
Authors: Dumont Aurore 
Published: September 2023

Cet article explore la façon dont les éleveurs mongols et toungouses vivant dans la région autonome de Mongolie-Intérieure adaptent leur mode de vie nomade à un contexte socio-économique et religieux fluctuant. Les politiques étatiques chinoises instaurées ces dernières décennies ont bouleversé l’économie traditionnelle de ces peuples qui ont mis en œuvre diverses stratégies d’adaptation afin de pérenniser leur élevage pastoral mobile. Quelles sont les logiques d’organisation qui sous-tendent ces nouvelles pratiques ? À partir de données ethnographiques récoltées entre 2008 et 2019 chez des populations pratiquant deux types d’élevage différents (élevage du renne dans la taïga et élevage mongol des « cinq museaux » dans la steppe), cette recherche montre que la persistance de la mobilité, les savoirs, les techniques et les croyances permettent de valoriser et d’entretenir une culture pastorale.
Unveiling the gothic aortic arch and cardiac mechanics: insights from young patients after arterial switch operation for d-transposition of the great arteries
Authors: Pergola Valeria , Avesani Martina , Reffo Elena , Da Pozzo Stefano , Cavaliere Annachiara , Padalino Massimo , Vida Vladimiro , Motta Raffaella , Di Salvo Giovanni 
Published: September 2023

The arterial switch operation (ASO) has become the standard surgical treatment for patients with d-transposition of the great arteries (d-TGA). While ASO has significantly improved survival rates, a subset of patients develops a unique anatomical anomaly known as the gothic aortic arch (GAA). Understanding cardiac mechanics in this population is crucial as altered mechanics can have profound consequences on cardiac function and exercise capacity. The GAA has been associated with changes in ventricular function, hemodynamic, and exercise capacity. Studies have shown a correlation between the GAA and decreased ascending aorta distensibility, loss of systolic wave amplitude across the aortic arch, and adverse cardiovascular outcomes. Various imaging techniques, including echocardiography, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR), and cardiac computed tomography (CCT), play a crucial role in assessing cardiac mechanics and evaluating the GAA anomaly. Despite significant advancements, gaps in knowledge regarding the prognostic implications and underlying mechanisms of the GAA anomaly remain. This review aims to explore the implications of the GAA anomaly on cardiac mechanics and its impact on clinical outcomes in young patients after ASO. Advancements in imaging techniques, such as computational modeling, offer promising avenues to enhance our understanding of cardiac mechanics and improve clinical management.
Synthesis, spectroscopic characterizations and cytotoxic activities of some novel 1,2-bis-(tetrasubstituted-benzylidene) hydrazine analogues
Authors: Al-Hazmi Ghaferah H. 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT. The present work describes an efficient and convenient synthesis of a library of novel 1, 2-bis-(tetrasubstituted-benzylidene) hydrazine an analogue (3-7) 1,2-bis (3-methoxy-2-hydroxybenzlidene) hydrazine (3) and 1,2-bis (6-bromo-3-methoxy 2-hydroxybenzylidene) hydrazine (4), were obtained via opening of ester coumarin derivatives (1 and 2) with hydrazine hydrate under reflux. Diazotization of compound 4 with aryldiazonium chloride led to the formation of 1,2-bis (6-bromo-5-arylazo-3-methoxy-2-hydroxybenzylidene) hydrazine (6a,b). Acetylation of compounds 4 and 6a with acetic anhydride afforded the corresponding 1,2-bis (6-bromo-5-substituted-3-methoxy-2-acetoxy benzylidene) hydrazines (5 and 7). The cytotoxicity screening of some synthesized 1,2-bis (tetra substituted benzylidene) hydrazines (4-7) against breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7), and it was found several active compounds. Meanwhile compound 5 exhibited cytotoxic activity compared to reference drug. The DNA flow cytometry on MCF-7 cells of compound 5 was determined, it was found to cause G2/M phase arrest and induce apoptosis in all G1/M phases. In addition, compound 5 has been tested in other trials against aromatase inhibitors and tyrosinase inhibitors.
KEY WORDS: Synthesis, Hydrazine derivatives, 1H NMR, Mass spectra, MCF-7 cell lines, Cytotoxicity
Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2023, 37(6), 1503-1520.DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v37i6.16
Multi-component synthesis of pyrazolo[1,5-a]quinazoline, thiazole and thiophene derivatives as cytotoxic agents
Authors: Mohareb Rafat M. , E. Helal Maher H. , Mayhoub Amany E. , Abdallah Amira E. M. 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT. This study demonstrated the synthesis of a number of pyrazolo[1,5-a]quinazoline derivatives about 24 products based on the starting material 4-(2-phenylhydrazono)-4H-pyrazol-3-amine derivatives 1a-f. Moreover, other ring systems including thiophene, pyrazole, thiazole and pyran (16 compounds) were prepared based on another starting compounds 2-(furan-2-ylmethylene)cyclohexane-1,3-dione 10 and 5,5-dimethyl-3-phenyl-2-thioxo-2,3,5,6-tetrahydrobenzo[d]thiazol-7(4H)-one 18. The multi-component reaction was used to prepare all the previous compounds. The structures of all the synthesised compounds were confirmed by the analytical and spectral data. Some selected compounds were chosen to test their anticancer activity against six cancer cell lines, namely A549, HT-29, MKN-45, U87MG, SMMC-7721 and, H460 utilizing foretinib as the positive control and the standard MTT assay in vitro. Toward the tested cell lines, nine compounds were the most cytotoxic compounds. The results obtained revealed that the synthesized compounds are good cytotoxic agents and of great impact for future work.
KEY WORDS: Multi-component reactions, Pyrazolo[1,5-a]quinazoline, Thiophene, Thiazole, Cytotoxicity
Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2023, 37(6), 1521-1538. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v37i6.17
A serializing particle ń with discourse functions in Kusaal
Authors: Abubakari Hasiyatu 
Published: September 2023

This paper presents novel empirical data revealing a previously unidentified particle n in Serial Verb Constructions in Kusaal. The issue that requires attention is to find out the status of the said particle in SVCs in the language. The central question is whether the observed particle is an overt marker of coordination or subordination which is likely suppressed in other instances of SVCs in the language. The particle n has several functions in Kusaal and other Mabia languages with more being discovered as research on these languages keeps developing. It functions as a subject focus marker in Kusaal, Gurenɛ, and Dagbani and a serializing connector in Moore. It will be observed that the particle n is not obligatory in SVCs in Kusaal and its presence encodes an emphatic/ focus interpretation on the verb it precedes. This study is qualitative with data gathered from both primary and secondary sources.
The Effect Of Giving Amino Acid Solutions Based On Maggot Bsf (Hermetia Illucians) With Different Concentrations Into The Feed On The Percentage Of Breast And Back Of Kub Chickens
Authors: Dawanto Jirfan 
Published: September 2023

JIRFAN DAWANTO (4517035005). The Effect of Giving Amino Acid Solutions Based on BSF Maggots (Hermetia Illucians) with Different Concentrations into the Feed on the Percentage of Breast and Back of KUB Chickens. (Under the guidance of Asmawati Mudarsep as the main guide and Muhammad Idrus as the aggota guide).
KUB chickens are widely kept by farmers because they have fast growth. The current constraint on native chicken farming is the high price of feed raw materials. Therefore, Maggot from the Black Soldier Fly fly (Hermetia Illucens) is one of the best alternatives as a mixture of chicken feed because it has a nutrient composition that is almost the same as fish meal. Based on this, this study aims to determine the Effect of Giving Amino Acid Solutions Based on BSF Maggot (Hermetia Illucians) with Different Concentrations into Feed on the Percentage of Breast and Back of KUB Chickens.
This study used the DOC of 96 KUB chickens and was kept for 60 days with a cage map of 16 plots and each plot consisted of 6 KUB chickens. Feed used at the age of 1-30 days is given BP-11 granules, then at the age of 31-60 days using mixed feed by adding a fermented Maggot-based amino acid solution arranged according to treatment.
The treatment used is the administration of BSF maggot-based amino acid solutions , namely: P0, P1 (15 ml), P2 (30 ml), P3 (45 ml)
The results of the analysis of various doses of Maggot amino acid solution as an additive to mixed feed showed results that had no real effect (P>0.05) on the percentage of breast and back of KUB chickens. However, the administration of Maggot amino acid solution as an additive to mixed feed did not reduce the weight of KUB chicken breasts and buttocks and showed good performance
Influence of Stakeholder inclusive Initiation on Performance of Infrastructure Public Projects in Tharaka South Sub County
Authors: Nicholas Suleiman , Munene Paul 
Published: September 2023

Purpose: The aim of the study was to explore the influence of stakeholder inclusive initiation on performance of infrastructure public projects in Tharaka south sub county
Methodology: The study adopted descriptive research design. The unit of observation included 50 project committee, 75,250 project beneficiaries, 20 government officials, 20 implementing agencies and 65 community leaders. The study used purposive sampling method to obtain 143 respondents from the target population. Questionnaires were used to obtain firsthand information by use of open and closed ended questions for project beneficiaries. The study used both primary and secondary data. The quantitative data was analyzed by the use of inferential analysis and descriptive analysis in reference to statistical package of social sciences. The descriptive analysis helped to generate the percentage, means and frequencies. Tables were applied in data presentation.
Findings: Based on the finding stakeholder inclusive initiation play an essential role in performance of infrastructure public project (β=0.569, ρ=0.00) From the feedback of most of the participants with a mean of 2.90, were moderate that they get in problem analysis. They also disagreed that they were allowed to give their views covering the feasibility study of the project by a mean of 2.965. The participants moderate that they were engaged in charter development by a mean of 2.923. However, they strongly disagreed that they were engaged in project documentation with a mean of 2.671. Lastly, they disagreed that they were allowed to fully participate at every activity at this stage with a mean of 2.748.
Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Stakeholders’ theory may be used to anchor future studies on Public Projects. The study recommended that stakeholders get equally involved to every stage and should be a continuous process which create environment of tracking every activity to ensure performance of infrastructure public projects.
Alfabetização de dados no contexto da ciência da informação: análise dos cursos de graduação no Brasil
Authors: Rodrigues Delbianco Natalia , Barros Suellen Timm , Vidotti Silvana Aparecida Borsetti Gregoro , Coneglian Caio Saraiva 
Published: September 2023

Objetivo: Diante do desenvolvimento e uso da tecnologia grande quantidade de dados são gerados diariamente. Com iniciativas de incentivo no uso e reuso de dados no meio científico e empresarial, surge a necessidade de capacitar, por meio da Alfabetização de Dados, os estudantes e os profissionais da informação para tornarem os dados mais aplicáveis e compreensíveis. A presente pesquisa se propõe a criar uma ementa mais apropriada para a disciplina de “Ciência de Dados” nos cursos de graduação em Biblioteconomia e Arquivologia no Brasil.
Método: Esta pesquisa é exploratória e qualitativa, já consiste na seleção e a coleta de informações sobre a ementa das disciplinas voltadas para a Ciência de Dados nos cursos de graduação em Biblioteconomia e Arquivologia no Brasil.
Resultado: Em alguns currículos das 24 universidades analisadas e 37 cursos identificados foram encontradas disciplinas que podem abordar a Ciência de Dados de alguma forma. Assim, no contexto brasileiro a ação mais assertiva seria incluir o tema “Alfabetização de Dados” no contexto das disciplinas de “Ciência de Dados”.
Conclusões: Foram identificadas poucas disciplinas nos cursos de graduação sobre Ciência de Dados e a falta de literatura sobre a Alfabetização de Dados, especialmente em língua portuguesa. Isso pode estar vinculado com a falta de disciplinas, por ser ainda uma abordagem pouco discutida no meio acadêmico da Ciência da Informação. Percebeu-se a necessidade de incluir a Alfabetização de Dados nos cursos de graduação no Brasil.
Hukum Pidana Plagiarisme Produk di Marketplace Indonesia
Authors: Achmad Zidan 
Published: September 2023

Artikel ini akan menjelaskan mengenai tindak pidana plagiarisme produk di marketplace. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk membantu masyarakat maupun pelaku usaha di marketplace mengetahui berbagai peraturan yang berlaku untuk usaha marketplace, sehingga pelaku usaha dapat melindungi diri mereka dari tindak pidana plagiarisme. Berdasarkan tujuan penelitian tersebut, maka penelitian dibatasi dengan pertanyaan Bagaimana upaya hukum yang dilakukan oleh pemilik merek atas pelanggaran merek yang dilakukan pelaku usaha dalam perdagangan melalui transaksi di marketplace. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis normatif berdasarkan bahan hukum utama yaitu dengan cara menelaah teori,konsep,serta asas hukum yang berhubungan dengan studi kasus yang terjadi di marketplace. Adapun pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan konseptual, pendekatan pelanggaran sanksi hak cipta dan sanksi pidana dalam undang-undang hak cipta . Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa tindakan plagiarisme dapat dikategorikan sebagai pelanggaran hukum hak cipta dan dapat dikenakan sanksi pidana sesuai dengan Undang-Undang Hak Cipta