bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
P-593. Does Dolutegravir increase hypercholesterolemia and/or hypertriglyceridemia?
Authors: Talibi Alaoui Zahid , Idalene Malika 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Antiretroviral therapy improved prognosis of people living with HIV (PLWA). WHO recommends Dolutegravir as the preferred treatment option for HIV in all populations considering its high genetic barrier and rare adverse effects compared to other treatments. In Morocco, the transition to Dolutegravir has begun in 2020 with the regimen: tenofovir desproxil fumarate/lamivudine/dolutegravir TDF/3TC/DTG (TLD). Some studies shown increased cholesterol and triglycerides levels on TLD regimens. The purpose of this study is to compare the effect of TLD on cholesterol and triglyceride levels compared to other antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimens.

Methods
We conducted an observational comparative study at the Infectious diseases department Mohammed VI university hospital Marrakesh, MOROCCO. We included all PLWA admitted between 1st January 2021 and 31 December 2022 put on any ART and having a lipidic dosage. We excluded all patients with previous hypercholesterolemia and/or hypertriglyceridemia. We compared the occurrence of hypercholesterolemia and/or hypertriglyceridemia in PLHIV on TLD with those on other ART. For the statistical analysis a pearson chi-square test was used with the R software.

Results
We included 173 PLWA; the median age was 33 years. 66.5% were male. The viral load was available in 152 people and was &lt; 1000 copies/mL in 98%. The CD4 count was available in 161 persons and was &gt;200 cells/mm3 in 69.6%. There were 120 persons on TLD arm (69.36%) and 53 on other ART arm (30.64%). On the TLD arm 15 people (12.5%) and 16 (13%) have developped an hypercholesterolemia and/or hypertriglyceridemia respectively versus 10 (18.86%) and 12 (22.64%) have developped an hypercholesterolemia and/or hypertriglyceridemia respectively on the others ART arm, but the difference was statistically non-significant (X2= 0.74; p=0.38) for hypercholesterolemia and (X2= 1.47; p=0.22) for hypertriglyceridemia.

Conclusion
This study shows that there is no strong evidence of any association between the TLD regimen and the hypercholesterolemia and/or hypertriglyceridemia. The TLD regimen is more safe on the lipidic metabolism compared with other ART. Further large studies are needed to prove this benefit.

Disclosures
All Authors: No reported disclosures
P-619. Effectiveness of the 10-valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine (PCV10) on Hospital Admission due to Pneumonia among Nepalese Children
Authors: Hayashi Yumiko , Shrestha Dhruba , Raya Ganendra , Shrestha Raj , Morimoto Konosuke , Parry Christopher , Ariyoshi Koya , Dhoubhadel Bhim G 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Streptococcus pneumoniae is the most common bacteria that causes pneumonia in children. The 10-valent pneumococcal vaccine (PCV10) has been introduced in the national immunization program (2+1 schedule: 6 and 10 weeks, and 9 months) in Nepal since 2015. The impact of PCV10 on hospital admission due to pneumonia is not well known in Nepal.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was carried out in Siddhi Memorial Hospital (SMH), Bhaktapur, Nepal, including hospital data from 2014 to 2022. SMH is the only pediatric general hospital in Bhaktapur district. The impact of PCV10 was assessed as a prevalence ratio analyzed with a log-binomial regression model. The prevalence ratio was calculated with the prevalence of hospital-admitted children due to chest x-ray confirmed pneumonia before and after the introduction of PCV10. The adjusted prevalence ratio (aPR) was measured in each year of the post-PCV10 period (2016 to 2022) by comparing the pre-PCV10 period (2014 and 2015) and adjusted by age, sex, and month of admission.

Results
A total of 10,897 children were admitted to the hospital during the study period (2014-2022). The prevalence of pneumonia was 20.4% (429/2,105) in the pre-PCV10 period and 10.5% (923/8,792) in the post-PCV10 period. The overall aPR declined; it was 0.50 (95%CI: 0.42-0.59) in 2019, just before the COVID-19 pandemic, and 0.32 (95%CI: 0.26-0.40) in 2022. Among children of 2 months to 2 years of age, we observed a 51.7% reduction in hospital admission due to pneumonia (aPR: 0.48, 95%CI: 0.37-0.61) in 2019 and a 72.6% reduction (aPR: 0.27, 95%CI: 0.19-0.40) in 2022.

Conclusion
We observed a significant decrease in hospital admissions due to pneumonia among children after the introduction of PCV10 in the national immunization program in Nepal. However, the surveillance of cases of pneumonia should be continued as the non-vaccine pneumococcal serotypes may emerge and hospital admissions due to pneumonia may go up in the future.

Disclosures
Konosuke Morimoto, MD, PhD, Pfizer: Grant/Research Support Koya Ariyoshi, MD, PhD, Pfizer: Grant/Research Support
P-625. Missed opportunities for vaccination among healthcare-seeking children–Kyrgyzstan, 2023
Authors: Dadanova Gulzada , Kubatova Aisuluu , Horth Roberta , Nabirova Dilyara , Ishenapisova Gulbara , Otorbaeva Dinara 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
High vaccination coverage is critical to prevent disease transmission. In Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan (population: 1.15 million), coverage for many childhood vaccines had dropped to &lt; 90% in 2022. Opportunities for vaccination were being missed at child healthcare visits. Understanding the burden and reasons for these missed opportunities was needed to increase coverage.Figure 1.Missed opportunities for vaccination by vaccine type among healthcare-seeking children in Kyrgzystan, 2023

Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional study in Bishkek in 2023 using the Missed Opportunities for Vaccination (MOV) World Health Organization protocol. We selected 33 primary care clinics and interviewed 20 caregivers of &lt; 30 months olds in each. We abstracted vaccine history from medical records. MOV was calculated as the number of children not receiving a vaccine among those eligible for vaccination (defined as missing a dose at the start of the visit and no vaccine contraindications). The p-values from Poisson regression Wald tests are shown.Table 1.Characteristics associated with missed opportunities for vaccination among healthcare-seeking children in Kyrgzystan, 2023

Results
Of 660 caregivers interviewed, 69% (448/650) met the inclusion criteria. MOV prevalence was 86% (386/448). In children aged 0-11 months, 81% (195/240) had MOV and in children 12–30-month-olds 92% (191/208) had MOV. Vaccine-specific MOV was lowest for hepatitis B vaccines (8%; 52/648) and highest for diphtheria- pertussis-tetanus vaccines (50%; 52/103) (Figure 1). Among eligible children (n=448), 62% had &gt;4 annual clinic visits, 6% had never been immunized, and 84% were missing vaccine cards (Table 1). Healthcare providers did not check immunization status in 53% of children or ask to see vaccine cards in 79%. Among children who came specifically for vaccination, 53% (71/133) had a MOV. MOV did not differ by sex, district, or number of annual clinic visits. MOV was higher among children with never-vaccinated caregivers vs vaccinated caregivers (98% vs 85%, p=0.03) and caregivers with self-reported negative vaccine attitudes vs positive (94% vs 83%, p=0.01).

Conclusion
Nearly nine out of ten children missing an opportunity to be immunized while seeking healthcare services. Additional training for healthcare workers, to check immunization status of all children at each visit can help reduce MOV. Strategies that address caregiver barriers to timely vaccinations can help increase immunization coverage.

Disclosures
All Authors: No reported disclosures
P-628. Real-world impact of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines on vaccine serotypes and cross-reacting non-vaccine serotypes
Authors: Apodaca Kevin , Grant Lindsay , Perdrizet Johnna , Daigle Derek , Mircus Gabriel 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Cross-reactivity of vaccine-induced antibodies with some non-vaccine serotypes has been demonstrated in clinical trials and serological studies, but there is limited longitudinal data on the impact of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) on cross-reactive serotypes after implementation in infant immunization programs. This study describes the impact of PCVs on pneumococcal disease cases due to potential cross-reactive serotypes.Table 1.Countries included in analysis

Methods
We identified 13 countries with serotyped invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) surveillance data that had introduced PCV10 or PCV13 (Table 1). Analyses were restricted to IPD cases due to serotypes included in PCV10/13 (VTs: 6B, 9V, 18C, 19F, 23F, 7F; PCV13 only VTs: 6A, 19A) and to non-vaccine serotypes (NVTs: 6C, 7A, 7B, 7C, 9N, 18A, 18B, 18F, 23A, 23B) that could be immunologically related to VTs in children &lt; 5 years. For each country, we compared case counts 1 year before and the latest year of data available (2018/19) after PCV introduction and calculated relative percent change.

Results
Decreases in VT IPD cases were observed across all countries after PCV introduction, while some NVT IPD cases had no change or increased. VT cases declined by 59-100%. Serotype 19A cases declined by 34-100% (0-26 cases in 2018/19) in PCV13 countries but increased by 63-1460% (13-78 cases in 2018/19) in PCV10 countries. NVT 6C cases had little to no change (0-6 cases in 2018/19) in PCV13 countries but increased by 100-1200% (1-12 cases in 2018/19) in PCV10 countries. In PCV13 countries, 7B, 7C, and 9N cases did not change (0-6 cases in 2018/19), while 23A and 23B increased moderately by 200-900% (2-16 cases in 2018/19). NVT 7B, 7C, 9N, 23A, and 23B had no data available for PCV10 countries, while NVT 7A, 18A, 18B, and 18F did not have sufficient cases in any PCV setting to include in the analysis.

Conclusion
The inclusion of VT 19A in PCV13 and not in PCV10 may explain the significant increase of NVT 19A cases in PCV10 countries. Conversely, the minimal change of NVT 6C cases in PCV13 countries but large increases in PCV10 countries suggest cross-protection of serotype 6C by PCV13, likely due to inclusion of serotype 6A. For other NVTs, cross-protection was not identified based on observing no change or increasing cases or could not be evaluated due to low case counts.

Disclosures
Kevin Apodaca, MPH, Pfizer, Inc: Employee of company|Pfizer, Inc: Stocks/Bonds (Private Company) Lindsay Grant, PhD, MPH, Pfizer, Inc: Employee of company|Pfizer, Inc: Stocks/Bonds (Private Company) Johnna Perdrizet, MPH, Pfizer, Inc: Employee of company|Pfizer, Inc: Stocks/Bonds (Private Company) Derek Daigle, PhD, Pfizer, Inc: Employee of company|Pfizer, Inc: Stocks/Bonds (Private Company) Gabriel Mircus, PhD, Pfizer, Inc: Employee of company|Pfizer, Inc: Stocks/Bonds (Private Company)
P-742. Characterization of the Inoculum Effect in Battlefield Trauma Patients with Methicillin-Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus Infections
Authors: Justen Despain , Mende Katrin , Stewart Laveta , Igo Matthew , Seibert-Parzyszek Ian , Carson M Leigh , Campbell Wesley , Wyatt Andrew , Tribble David R , Kiley John L 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
The clinical relevance of the cefazolin inoculum effect (CIE) in methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) isolates has been debated, with some studies showing poor outcomes in CIE(+) MSSA patients treated with β-lactams and others finding no effect. As less is known about CIE in trauma patients, we examined characteristics of US wounded military personnel with MSSA infections with and without CIE.

Methods
Data and initial / serial (defined as isolation ≥ 7 days from prior isolate) MSSA isolates were collected from the Trauma Infectious Disease Outcomes Study (6/09-12/14). Isolates collected for surveillance were excluded. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed via BD Phoenix Automated Microbiology System using CLSI criteria. Isolates were tested for CIE by broth microdilution utilizing standard (∼5x105 cfu/mL) and high (HI) inocula (∼5x107 cfu/mL). CIE(+) was defined as a MIC increase to ≥ 16 μg/mL with HI.

Results
Among 112 MSSA patients, 6 had CEI(+) and 106 CIE(-) isolates. The patients were primarily males (99%) who sustained critical injuries (mean injury severity score 36) via blasts (65%), requiring critical care (80%) and prolonged hospitalization (mean 45 days, Table 1). All patients received 1st generation cephalosporin or β-lactam with Staphylococcus coverage. There were no significant differences between the CIE(+) and CIE(-) patients. No CIE(+) patients had serial isolates, and no patients in either group died. A total of 179 MSSA isolates were assessed: 9 (5%) CIE(+) and 170 (95%) CIE(-). The majority of MSSA isolates were from respiratory (N=87, 49%), wound (N=72, 40%), and blood cultures (N=12, 7%). All isolates were uniformly susceptible to cefazolin, ampicillin-sulbactam, and ceftaroline, and had reduced susceptibility to doxycycline and tetracycline (Table 2). When compared to CIE(-) isolates, CIE(+) isolates had decreased susceptibility to clindamycin and erythromycin.

Conclusion
CIE was uncommon with battlefield MSSA infections. Evaluation of clinical outcomes was limited (i.e., small numbers), but serial CIE(+) isolation was not observed. Although CIE(+) isolates were more resistant to clindamycin and erythromycin, isolates remained susceptible to other first-line antimicrobials.

Disclosures
All Authors: No reported disclosures
Destined for destruction: The role of methionine aminopeptidases and plant cysteine oxidases in N-degron formation
Authors: Fuentes-Terrón Andrea , Latter Rebecca , Madden Samuel , Manrique-Gil Isabel , Estrada Jessenia , Arteaga Noelia , Sánchez-Vicente Inmaculada , Lorenzo Oscar , Flashman Emily 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The cysteine/arginine (Cys/Arg) branch of the N-degron pathway controls the stability of certain proteins with methionine (Met)-Cys N-termini, initiated by Met cleavage and Cys oxidation. In seeding plants, target proteins include the Group VII Ethylene Response Factors, which initiate adaptive responses to low oxygen (hypoxic) stress, as well as Vernalization 2 (VRN2) and Little Zipper 2 (ZPR2), which are involved in responses to endogenous developmental hypoxia. It is essential that these target proteins are only degraded by the N-degron pathway under the appropriate physiological conditions. Modification of their N-termini is under enzymatic control by Met Aminopeptidases (MetAPs) and Plant Cysteine Oxidases (PCOs); therefore, the substrate-binding requirements and catalytic effectiveness of these enzymes are important for defining which Met-Cys–initiating proteins are degraded. Physiological conditions can also impact the activity of these enzymes, and the well-characterized oxygen sensitivity of the PCOs ensures target proteins are stabilized in hypoxia. In this review we compile the functional and structural properties of MetAPs and PCOs, including their interactions with substrates. We also consider the evolution of MetAPs and PCOs through the plant kingdom to highlight their important role in controlling the initial steps of this branch of the N-degron pathway.
The Spirit and/of Political Science
Authors: Menchik Jeremy 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The word “spirit” appears in discipline's leading journals more often than other expressions associated with religion like “Christianity,” “religion,” and “faith.” Yet, despite its ubiquity, it is unclear how or why the term is used in social science analysis. What do political scientists talk about when they talk about the spirit? Answering this question has important implications for conceptual clarity, for the study of religion in the discipline of political science, and for mapping the influence of religion on the discipline of political science. The article answers this question through a conceptual genealogy of the term “spirit” in the publications of classical, modern, and contemporary scholars, alongside a quantitative content analysis using a novel data set. For classical scholars, the concept of the spirit repurposed the Christian Holy Spirit to advance Enlightenment theories about human progress. For modern and contemporary scholars, the spirit was further scrubbed of Christian connotations and inscribed with liberal idealist commitments to freedom. When political scientists talk about spirit, they reveal a theoretical indebtedness to the Christian concept of a transcendent and intangible force that animates, directs, and guides humans. American political science's continued entanglement with liberal Protestantism has made the discipline's emphasis on liberal democracy appear natural and given rather than particularistic. Furthermore, explicating American political science's entanglement with liberal Protestantism helps to explain longstanding gaps in knowledge and systematic exclusions.
Research progress regarding endocannabinoid system involvement in pain modulation and electroacupuncture analgesia
Authors: Qin Renjie , Wu Yisong , Jin Nuo , Xu Xingzhi , Lan Yuye , Jing Xianghong , Li Man 
Published: January 2025

Pain is a subjective and unpleasant sensation that significantly impacts the daily lives of individuals. Chronic pain represents one of the most challenging public health issues, and ensuring effective pain management is a fundamental right of individuals and a sacred duty of healthcare providers. Cannabis, one of the earliest recognized medicinal plants, contains cannabinoids, which are non-opioid substances that modulate nociceptive responses. Electroacupuncture (EA), characterized by its low-risk and well-tolerated nature, is pivotal in pain management. The endocannabinoid system consists of endocannabinoids, cannabinoid receptors, and enzymes involved in endocannabinoid synthesis, degradation, and transport. Recently, the role of the endocannabinoid system in pain development and EA analgesia has attracted considerable research attention. Studies have highlighted the role of the endocannabinoid system in various types of pain, including inflammatory pain, neuropathic pain, and cancer-related pain, as well as in EA analgesia. This study aims to review the mechanisms of endocannabinoid system involvement in pain modulation and EA analgesia to provide insights to inform clinical approaches to pain management.
Graphical abstract: http://links.lww.com/AHM/A150.
Correlation Between Handgrip Strength and Bone Density and Fragility Fracture Risk Among Older Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: HUANG Shyh-Geng , LEE Ru-Ping , YAO Ting-Kuo , WANG Jen-Hung , WU Wen-Tien , YEH Kuang-Ting 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Background
Population aging has led to a surge in elderly care needs worldwide. Bone aging, skeletal muscle degeneration, and osteoporosis pose critical health challenges for the elderly. The process of bone and skeletal muscle aging not only impacts the functional abilities but also increases fragility fracture risk. Although a negative correlation between handgrip strength and fragility fracture risk has been identified in elderly populations, there is a lack of related research in Taiwan.

Purpose
This cross-sectional study was designed to investigate the association between handgrip strength and two outcome variables, bone density and risk of fragility fracture, in Taiwanese individuals aged 65 years and older with low bone mass.

Methods
A total of 548 older adults, including 84 men and 464 women, were recruited between August 2019 and July 2021. Bone mineral density T-scores acquired using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scan, the total score for the Taiwan-specific Fracture Risk Assessment (FRAX) tool, and bilateral handgrip strength acquired using a digital hand dynamometer were recorded along with other factors such as comorbidities, dietary habits, and daily activities.

Results
In this study, the mean age was 70.9 (SD = 5.6) years, mean bone mass index was 24.1 (SD = 3.5) kg/m2, mean FRAX main fracture risk score was 19.5% (SD = 8.3), and mean FRAX hip fracture risk score was 7.7% (SD = 5.7). Lumbar and hip T-scores were both significantly correlated with both dominant and nondominant handgrip strength in older woman. Older age; both lower hip and spine T-scores; both lower dominant and nondominant handgrip strengths; having Type 2 diabetes, coronary artery disease, or chronic hepatic disease; and lacking a steady job were significantly associated with a higher risk of fragility fracture.

Conclusions/Implications for Practice
The results of this study provide important information regarding the correlation between handgrip strength and several variables, including bone mineral density T-score, FRAX score, comorbidities, and job status, among older adults. Notably, these correlations were found to be particularly strong in the female participants. This information may be used to facilitate the early identification of elderly individuals at a high risk of fragility fractures, enabling the timely development of preventive nursing strategies and the provision of targeted interventions.
The Relationship Between Perceived Staffing and Quality of Care: The Mediating Roles of Job Satisfaction and Work Engagement
Authors: WANG Limin , DONG Xu , SHANG Shaomei 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Background
Although work engagement and job satisfaction are two important indicators associated with care quality, their mediating effects on the relationship between perceived staffing and quality of care have not been adequately clarified.

Purpose
This study was designed to determine the mechanism by which nurses' perceived staffing influences quality of care by clarifying the mediating roles of job satisfaction and work engagement.

Methods
A cross-sectional questionnaire survey was implemented among 2,142 clinical nurses from 211 inpatient wards in 13 hospitals. Work engagement, job satisfaction, perceived staffing, and rated quality of care were measured.

Results
Most (89.7%) of the respondents rated quality of care as good or better, and 56.1% perceived staffing in the wards as adequate. The two main findings of this study are as follows: (a) Perceived staffing influenced quality of care via one direct and three indirect pathways, with the indirect effect greater than the direct effect (βdirect = 0.09, βtotal indirect = 0.25), and (b) work engagement and job satisfaction were important mediators of the impact of staffing on quality of care.

Conclusion
Quality of care may be enhanced by improving the work engagement and satisfaction of nurses in their current job, suggesting an effective approach to alleviating the current nursing shortage.