bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of FGD-BCEL loss function in segmenting temporal lobes on localized CT images for radiotherapy
Authors: Wen Xiaobo , Liang Bing , Zhao Biao , Hu Xiaokun , Yuan Meifang , Hu Wenchao , Liu Ting , Yang Yi , Xing Dongming 
Published: October 2023

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to find a new loss function to automatically segment temporal lobes on localized CT images for radiotherapy with more accuracy and a solution to dealing with the classification of class-imbalanced samples in temporal lobe segmentation.MethodsLocalized CT images for radiotherapy of 70 patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma were selected. Radiation oncologists sketched mask maps. The dataset was randomly divided into the training set (n = 49), the validation set (n = 7), and the test set (n = 14). The training set was expanded by rotation, flipping, zooming, and shearing, and the models were evaluated using Dice similarity coefficient (DSC), Jaccard similarity coefficient (JSC), positive predictive value (PPV), sensitivity (SE), and Hausdorff distance (HD). This study presented an improved loss function, focal generalized Dice-binary cross-entropy loss (FGD-BCEL), and compared it with four other loss functions, Dice loss (DL), generalized Dice loss (GDL), Tversky loss (TL), and focal Tversky loss (FTL), using the U-Net model framework.ResultsWith the U-Net model based on FGD-BCEL, the DSC, JSC, PPV, SE, and HD were 0.87 ± 0.11, 0.78 ± 0.11, 0.90 ± 0.10, 0.87 ± 0.13, and 4.11 ± 0.75, respectively. Except for the SE, all the other evaluation metric values of the temporal lobes segmented by the FGD-BCEL-based U-Net model were improved compared to the DL, GDL, TL, and FTL loss function-based U-Net models. Moreover, the FGD-BCEL-based U-Net model was morphologically more similar to the mask maps. The over- and under-segmentation was lessened, and it effectively segmented the tiny structures in the upper and lower poles of the temporal lobe with a limited number of samples.ConclusionsFor the segmentation of the temporal lobe on localized CT images for radiotherapy, the U-Net model based on the FGD-BCEL can meet the basic clinical requirements and effectively reduce the over- and under-segmentation compared with the U-Net models based on the other four loss functions. However, there still exists some over- and under-segmentation in the results, and further improvement is needed.
Can we predict discordant RECIST 1.1 evaluations in double read clinical trials?
Authors: Beaumont Hubert , Iannessi Antoine 
Published: October 2023

BackgroundIn lung clinical trials with imaging, blinded independent central review with double reads is recommended to reduce evaluation bias and the Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumor (RECIST) is still widely used. We retrospectively analyzed the inter-reader discrepancies rate over time, the risk factors for discrepancies related to baseline evaluations, and the potential of machine learning to predict inter-reader discrepancies.Materials and methodsWe retrospectively analyzed five BICR clinical trials for patients on immunotherapy or targeted therapy for lung cancer. Double reads of 1724 patients involving 17 radiologists were performed using RECIST 1.1. We evaluated the rate of discrepancies over time according to four endpoints: progressive disease declared (PDD), date of progressive disease (DOPD), best overall response (BOR), and date of the first response (DOFR). Risk factors associated with discrepancies were analyzed, two predictive models were evaluated.ResultsAt the end of trials, the discrepancy rates between trials were not different. On average, the discrepancy rates were 21.0%, 41.0%, 28.8%, and 48.8% for PDD, DOPD, BOR, and DOFR, respectively. Over time, the discrepancy rate was higher for DOFR than DOPD, and the rates increased as the trial progressed, even after accrual was completed. It was rare for readers to not find any disease, for less than 7% of patients, at least one reader selected non-measurable disease only (NTL). Often the readers selected some of their target lesions (TLs) and NTLs in different organs, with ranges of 36.0-57.9% and 60.5-73.5% of patients, respectively. Rarely (4-8.1%) two readers selected all their TLs in different locations. Significant risk factors were different depending on the endpoint and the trial being considered. Prediction had a poor performance but the positive predictive value was higher than 80%. The best classification was obtained with BOR.ConclusionPredicting discordance rates necessitates having knowledge of patient accrual, patient survival, and the probability of discordances over time. In lung cancer trials, although risk factors for inter-reader discrepancies are known, they are weakly significant, the ability to predict discrepancies from baseline data is limited. To boost prediction accuracy, it would be necessary to enhance baseline-derived features or create new ones, considering other risk factors and looking into optimal reader associations.
Immunotherapy strategies for EGFR-mutated advanced NSCLC after EGFR tyrosine-kinase inhibitors failure
Authors: Li Xingyuan , Huang Huayan , Sun Yingjia , Jiang Qing , Yu Yongfeng 
Published: October 2023

BackgroundThis study aimed to investigate the efficacy of immunotherapy, as monotherapy or in combination, comparing to chemotherapy with or without anti-angiogenesis for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients progressing to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs).MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed patients with advanced NSCLC harboring EGFR mutations who received immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) and/or chemotherapy after EGFR-TKIs failure at Shanghai Chest Hospital between Aug 2016 and Oct 2022. According to the subsequent immunotherapy regimen, the patients were assigned to ICI monotherapy (IM), IO plus anti-angiogenesis (IA), ICI plus chemotherapy (IC), ICI plus chemotherapy plus anti-angiogenesis (ICA). Eligible patients undergoing standard chemotherapy were assigned to chemotherapy plus anti-angiogenesis (CA) and chemotherapy alone (CM). Efficacy was evaluated according to the RECIST 1.1version, and calculated the objective response rate (ORR) and disease control rate (DCR). Survival curves were plotted using the Kaplan-Meier method, and the median progression-free survival (PFS) was calculated. Differences among survival curves of the six groups were assessed using the log-rank test.ResultsA total of 237 advanced NSCLC patients with EGFR mutations were included in this study. Of the 160 patients who received immunotherapy, 57 received ICI monotherapy, 27 received ICI plus anti-angiogenesis therapy, 43 received ICI plus chemotherapy, and 33 received ICI plus anti-angiogenesis plus chemotherapy. 77 patients received standard chemotherapy, of which 30 received chemotherapy plus anti-angiogenesis and 47 received chemotherapy alone. Patients in ICA group showed significant longer PFS than IM (7.2 vs 1.9 months, P=0.011), IA (7.2 vs 4.8 months, P=0.009) and CM group (7.2 vs 4.4 months, P=0.005). There was no significant difference in PFS between the ICA and IC (7.2 vs 5.6 months, P=0.104) or CA (7.2 vs 6.7 months, P=0.959) group. Meanwhile, the ICA group showed the highest ORR and DCR (36.4% and 90.9%) compared to the other five groups. The IC group had a higher ORR than the IA and CA group (32.6% vs 7.4% vs 10.0%, respectively), but the DCR was comparable (79.1% vs 74.1% vs 76.7%, respectively). The ORR of the CM group was 6.4% and the DCR was 66.0%. IM group showed the lowest ORR and DCR (1.8% and 36.8%). Treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) of grade 3 or worse occurred in 9 (27.3%) patients in the ICA group, 6 (20.0%) in the CA group, 7 (14.9%) in the CM group, 5 (11.6%) in the IC group, 5 (8.8%) in the IM group, and 2 (7.4%) in the IA group.ConclusionNSCLC patients with positive EGFR mutations after EGFR-TKIs failure received subsequent immunotherapy plus anti-angiogenesis and chemotherapy are likely to have more benefits in ORR, DCR and mPFS.
Optic disc drusen and scleral canal size – protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Vienne-Jumeau Aliénor , Brémond-Gignac Dominique , Robert Matthieu P. 
Published: October 2023

BackgroundAround one in forty patients are diagnosed with optic disc drusen (ODD) during their lifetime. Complications of these acellular deposits range from asymptomatic visual field deficits to artery occlusion and subsequent cecity. Still, the pathogenesis of their emergence remains controversial. In particular, it was suggested 50 years ago that a narrow disc and scleral canal is one factor leading to axoplasmic flow disturbance, which induces ODD formation. However, this hypothesis is still debated today. To evaluate the basis of this theory, we will conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies evaluating the scleral canal size in patients with ODD and in healthy subjects.MethodsWe will search MEDLINE via PubMed, Cochrane, and EMBASE electronic databases to identify articles published before November 29, 2022 that measure the scleral canal size in patients with ODD and in healthy subjects. In addition, grey literature will be searched. The meta-analysis will include studies that include patients with a clinical or imaging diagnosis of ODD and healthy subjects. Additionally, we will perform a subgroup analysis to compare patients with buried ODD and patients with visible ODD. Extracted data from included studies will be presented descriptively, and effect sizes will be computed based on the recommendations from the Cochrane Collaboration handbook.DiscussionThe hypothesis that a narrow scleral canal is a risk factor of ODD has long been debated and this systematic review and meta-analysis should disentangle the different views. Understanding the underlying factors driving the development of ODD should help us focus on patients at risk and develop strategies to prevent advanced stages of the disease in these patients. Besides, focusing on patients with small scleral canals should help us derive associated factors and provide a better understanding of the pathology.Systematic review registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42022375110.
ShinyFruit: interactive fruit phenotyping software and its application in blackberry
Authors: Chizk T. Mason , Lee Jackie A. , Clark John R. , Worthington Margaret L. 
Published: October 2023

IntroductionHorticultural plant breeding programs often demand large volumes of phenotypic data to capture visual variation in quality of harvested products. Increasing the throughput potential of phenomic pipelines enables breeders to consider data-hungry molecular breeding strategies such as genome-wide association studies and genomic selection.MethodsWe present an R-based web application called ShinyFruit for image-based phenotyping of size, shape, and color-related qualities in fruits and vegetables. Here, we have demonstrated one potential application for ShinyFruit by comparing its estimates of fruit length, width, and red drupelet reversion (RDR) with ImageJ and analogous manual phenotyping techniques in a population of blackberry cultivars and breeding selections from the University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture Fruit Breeding Program.ResultsShinyFruit results shared a strong positive correlation with manual measurements for blackberry length (r = 0.96) and ImageJ estimates of RDR (r = 0.96) and significant, albeit weaker, correlations with manual RDR estimation methods (r = 0.62 - 0.70). Neither phenotyping method detected genotypic differences in blackberry fruit width, suggesting that this trait is unlikely to be heritable in the population observed.DiscussionIt is likely that implementing a treatment to promote RDR expression in future studies might strengthen the documented correlation between phenotyping methods by maximizing genotypic variance. Even so, our analysis has suggested that ShinyFruit provides a viable, open-source solution to efficient phenotyping of size and color in blackberry fruit. The ability for users to adjust analysis settings should also extend its utility to a wide range of fruits and vegetables.
Understanding olfactory dysfunction in the COVID-19 era: insights from a cross-sectional survey of the Saudi community
Authors: Aldrees Turki , Almatrafi Sharif , Mokhatrish Mohammad , Aldriweesh Turki 
Published: October 2023

Background and objectivesCOVID-19 has emerged as a public health emergency caused by the coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2). However, only a few studies have reported that anosmia is an early predictor of COVID-19. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the current level of knowledge regarding smell dysfunction in COVID-19 era in Saudi community.Materials and methodsAn online survey was conducted using Survey Monkeys in Saudi Arabia. The survey was distributed through Twitter and WhatsApp. The questionnaire included individuals’ demographic information, such as sex, age, residence, income, and qualifications, as well as their knowledge of the early symptoms of COVID-19. ANOVA and Mann–Whitney U-test were conducted to analyze the data. There were twelve items on knowledge dimensions which were assessed through five-point Likert scale.ResultsIn total, 809 respondents completed the questionnaire. Among them, 658 (81.3%) had no knowledge of how sudden loss of or change in the sense of smell can be the only symptom of COVID-19. However, most participants, 738 (91.2%), knew that fever was a symptom of COVID-19. Similarly, 707 (87.4%) and 772 (95.5%) participants knew that cough and shortness of breath were the major symptoms of COVID-19, respectively. In addition, 395 (48.3%) participants had no information regarding taste changes as a symptom of COVID-19. Notably, participants who were female, married, or diagnosed with COVID-19 had significantly greater knowledge of smell-related issues due to COVID-19 than males, unmarried, and healthy/those without COVID-19.ConclusionThis study revealed that the Saudi population has an fairly good level of knowledge regarding common COVID-19 symptoms as more than 90% of the participants understood symptoms of COVID-19, but less acceptable knowledge regarding smell and taste dysfunction as more than 80% had no knowledge of change in olfactory and taste function was due to COVID-19.
Diario de aprendizaje y aprendizaje autorregulado en estudiantes universitarios: Revisión sistemática
Authors: Mendoza Villacorta German , Palacios Garay Jessica Paola 
Published: October 2023

Los diarios de aprendizaje (DA) son una herramienta que ha demostrado fomentar el aprendizaje autorregulado (AAR) de estudiantes en todos los niveles educativos. El objetivo del estudio fue identificar el uso metodológico de los diarios de aprendizaje para fomentar aprendizaje auto regulado en estudiantes universitarios. Se realizó una revisión sistemática usando el método PRISMA, la ecuación de búsqueda fue "self-regulated learning” AND ("learning diary" OR "standardized diaries"), en las bases de datos Scopus, Web of Science, Science Direct, otros. Se aplicó criterios de inclusión/exclusión donde se seleccionaron y revisaron 19 artículos publicados entre el año 2017 y junio del 2013. De este modo, se encontraron 307 documentos, se seleccionaron 134 artículos, 21 en Scopus, 10) en Web of Science, 4 en Wiley, 31 en Science Direct, 47 en Proquest, 8 en Eric y 13 en Ebsco Host. Se concluye que hay una tendencia a utilizar los DA en formato online aprovechando las tecnologías informáticas, y el modelo teórico más usado es el de Zimmerman.
Feminism Explored in Joan Barfoot's Abra: An Analysis
Authors: Udhayakumar S 
Published: October 2023

This paper analyses the feminist elements present in the novel Abra authored by Joan Barfoot, a Canadian feminist writer of the second wave feminism era in the 1960s and 1970s. The period impacted many social changes including civil rights for women, and secured power in the hands of women. The novel Abra captures the significance of the period through an empowered female protagonist who renounced her family and society to gain autonomy. Moreover, the novel offers insights into the struggles of women as well as their established power in a world dominated by men. Hence, this article aims to examine the feminist themes in the novel and analyses how the novel depicts the treatment of women in the Canadian patriarchal society. Further, the paper focuses on the protagonist's psychological transformation from an ordinary woman to an empowered individual who defies patriarchal domination, while exploring the period’s spirit of quest for freedom.
ANALISIS EFEKTIVITAS DAN KONTRIBUSI PENERIMAAN UANG KULIAH TUNGGAL (UKT) TERHADAP PENDAPATAN UNIVERSITAS NEGERI SEMARANG
Authors: Herlina  , Nurchayati  , Silvi Pratiwi  , Kiswanto  
Published: October 2023

Abstract. UNNES's efforts to maintain UKT acceptance so that it reaches the target, each work unit within UNNES must make a plan for receiving education service income. Due to the Covid 19 pandemic, UNNES implemented a UKT payment relief policy in accordance with the Minister of Education and Culture Regulation Number 25 of 2020. In this regulation, tertiary institutions within the Ministry of Education and Culture need to implement a UKT payment relief policy, including, 50% UKT payment, reduced UKT, reducing UKT, and paying UKT in installments. This has an impact on the realization of UKT acceptance. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct a study on the effectiveness and contribution of Single Tuition Fee (UKT) acceptance at Semarang State University. The results of the study show that the realization of acceptance of UKT for each faculty at Semarang State University from 2021 and 2022 has increased. The UKT acceptance effectiveness calculation value for each faculty shows that the UKT acceptance effectiveness value is above 100%. The UKT contribution of each faculty is still relatively low compared to the total income of Semarang State University. However, the value of the faculty's UKT acceptance contribution has increased from 2021 to 2022 by 3.44%.

Abstrak. Usaha UNNES dalam menjaga penerimaan UKT agar tetap mencapai target, maka setiap unit kerja di lingkungan UNNES harus membuat perencanaan atas penerimaan pendapatan layanan pendidikan. Adanya pandemi Covid 19, UNNES menerapkan kebijakan keringanan pembayaran UKT sesuai dengan Peraturan Menteri Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Nomor 25 Tahun 2020. Dalam peraturan ini, perguruan tinggi di lingkungan Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan perlu menerapkan kebijakan keringanan pembayaran UKT antara lain, pembayaran 50% UKT, penurunan UKT, pengurangan UKT, dan pembayaran UKT secara mengangsur. Hal ini berdampak pada realisasi penerimaan UKT. Oleh karena itu, perlu dilakukan sebuah penelitian tentang bagaimana efektivitas dan kontribusi penerimaan Uang Kuliah Tunggal (UKT) di Universitas Negeri Semarang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa realisasi penerimaan UKT masing-masing fakultas di lingkungan Universitas Negeri Semarang dari tahun 2021 dan 2022 mengalami peningkatan. Nilai perhitungan efektivitas penerimaan UKT masing-masing fakultas menunjukkan bahwa nilai efektivitas penerimaan UKT di atas 100%. Kontribusi penerimaan UKT masing-masing fakultas masih relatif kurang terhadap jumlah keseluruhan pendapatan Universitas Negeri Semarang. Meski demikian, nilai kontribusi penerimaan UKT fakultas mengalami peningkatan dari tahun 2021 ke tahun 2022 sebesar 3,44%.
Galilean non-invariance of Maxwell equations revisited
Authors: Dodig Hrvoje 
Published: October 2023

<p>It is universally accepted that Maxwell equations do not remain invariant under the Galilean transformation. This conflicts the principle of relativity which states that the physical law must remain invariant in the mathematical form in all inertial frames of reference. For this reason, the Lorentz transformation is invented, and the Galilean transformation is nowadays superseded by the Lorentz transformation.</p>
<p>However, this paper challenges this widely held belief that the Maxwell equations are not invariant under the Galilean transformation. By applying the Galilean transformation to Lienard-Wiechert electromagnetic fields it is mathematically proven that the Maxwell equations indeed remain invariant under the Galilean transformation. In addition, the critical error in Lorentz's proof of Galilean non-invariance of Maxwell equations is pointed out, and it turns out that Lorentz's conclusion that Maxwell equations are not invariant under the Galilean transformation is the result of a mathematical error.</p>
A hybrid Quantum-Classical Algorithm for Mixed-Integer Optimization in Power Systems
Authors: Ellinas Petros 
Published: October 2023

<p>Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) can be considered the backbone of the modern power system optimization process, with a large application spectrum, from Unit Commitment and Optimal Transmission Switching to verifying Neural Networks for power system applications. The main issue of these formulations is the computational complexity of the solution algorithms, as they are considered NP-Hard problems. Quantum computing can give a direct solution to this problem, as it has been experimentally shown that it can provide significant speedups in solving MILPs. In this work, we present a general framework for solving power system optimization problems with a Quantum Computer (QC), which leverages mathematical tools and QCs' sampling ability to provide accelerated solutions. Our guiding applications are the optimal transmission switching and the verification of neural networks trained to solve a DC Optimal Power Flow. Specifically, using an accelerated version of Benders Decomposition , we split a given MILP into an Integer Master Problem and a linear Subproblem and solve it through a hybrid ``quantum-classical'' approach, getting the best of both worlds. We provide 2 use cases, and benchmark the developed framework against other classical and hybrid methodologies, to demonstrate the opportunities and challenges of hybrid quantum-classical algorithms for power system mixed integer optimization problems.</p>