bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
N‐Glycans on the receptor for advanced glycation end products influence amphoterin binding and neurite outgrowth
Authors: Srikrishna Geetha , Huttunen Henri J. , Johansson Lena , Weigle Bernd , Yamaguchi Yu , Rauvala Heikki , Freeze Hudson H. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractIn this study we show that embryonic neurite growth‐promoting protein amphoterin binds to carboxylated N‐glycans previously identified on mammalian endothelial cells. Since amphoterin is a ligand for the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), and the ligand‐binding V‐domain of the receptor contains two potential N‐glycosylation sites, we hypothesized that N‐glycans on RAGE may mediate its interactions with amphoterin. In support of this, anti‐carboxylate antibody mAbGB3.1 immunoprecipitates bovine RAGE, and PNGase F treatment reduces its molecular mass by 4.5 kDa, suggesting that the native receptor is a glycoprotein. The binding potential of amphoterin to RAGE decreases significantly in presence of soluble carboxylated glycans or when the receptor is deglycosylated. Oligosaccharide analysis shows that RAGE contains complex type anionic N‐glycans with non‐sialic acid carboxylate groups, but not the HNK‐1	(3‐sulfoglucuronyl β1–3 galactoside) epitope. Consistent with the functional localization of RAGE and amphoterin at the leading edges of developing neurons, mAbGB3.1 stains axons and growth cones of mouse embryonic cortical neurons, and inhibits neurite outgrowth on amphoterin matrix. The carboxylated glycans themselves promote neurite outgrowth in embryonic neurons and RAGE‐transfected neuroblastoma cells. This outgrowth requires full‐length, signalling‐competent RAGE, as cells expressing cytoplasmic domain‐deleted RAGE are unresponsive. These results indicate that carboxylated N‐glycans on RAGE play an important functional role in amphoterin‐RAGE‐mediated signalling.
Elevated atmospheric CO2 improved Sorghum plant water status by ameliorating the adverse effects of drought
Authors: Wall G. W. , Brooks T. J. , Adam N. R. , Cousins A. B. , Kimball B. A. , Pinter P. J. , LaMorte R. L. , Triggs J. , Ottman M. J. , Leavitt S. W. , Matthias A. D. , Williams D. G. , Webber A. N. 
Published: March 2003

Summary

The interactive effects of atmospheric CO2 concentration and soil‐water content on grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) are reported here.
Sorghum plants were exposed to ambient (control) and free‐air CO2 enrichment (FACE; ambient + 200 µmol mol−1), under ample (wet, 100% replacement of evapotranspiration) and reduced (dry, postplanting and mid‐season irrigations) water supply over two growing seasons.
FACE reduced seasonal average stomatal conductance (gs) by 0.17 mol (H2O) m−2 s−1 (32% and 37% for dry and wet, respectively) compared with control; this was similar to the difference between dry and wet treatments. FACE increased net assimilation rate (A) by 4.77 µmol (CO2) m−2 s−1 (23% and 9% for dry and wet, respectively), whereas dry decreased A by 10.50 µmol (CO2) m−2 s−1 (26%) compared with wet. Total plant water potential (ψw) was 0.16 MPa (9%) and 0.04 MPa (3%) less negative in FACE than in the control treatment for dry and wet, respectively. Under dry, FACE stimulated final shoot biomass by 15%.
By ameliorating the adverse effects of drought, elevated atmospheric CO2 improved plant water status, which indirectly caused an increase in carbon gain.
The cytoskeleton in plant cell growth: lessons from root hairs
Authors: Ketelaar Tijs , Emons Anne Mie C. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryIn this review, we compare expansion of intercalary growing cells, in which growth takes place over a large surface, and root hairs, where expansion occurs at the tip only. Research that pinpoints the role of the cytoskeleton and the cytoplasmic free calcium in both root hairs and intercalary growing cells is reviewed. From the results of that research, we suggest experiments to be carried out on intercalary growing cells to test our hypotheses on plant cell expansion. Our main hypothesis is that instability of the cortical actin cytoskeleton determines the location where expansion takes place and the amount of expansion.

Contents

Summary
409

I.
How do plant cells expand their surface?
409

II.
Immunolocalization of epitopes in fixed root hairs for light‐microscopy
410

III.
The cytoskeleton in growing root hairs
412

1. Microtubules
412

2. Actin filaments
413

3. Free cytoplasmic calcium concentration
413

IV.
The role of cytoskeletal elements and cytoplasmic free alcium in intercalary expanding root cells
414

1. Microtubules
414

2. Actin filaments
415

3. Free cytoplasmic calcium concentration
416

Acknowledgements
416

References
416
Following the dynamics of strobilurin resistance in Blumeria graminis f.sp. tritici using quantitative allele‐specific real‐time PCR measurements with the fluorescent dye SYBR Green I
Authors: Fraaije B. A. , Butters J. A. , Coelho J. M. , Jones D. R. , Hollomon D. W. 
Published: March 2003

Strobilurin‐resistant isolates of Blumeria (Erysiphe) graminis f.sp. tritici, the cause of wheat powdery mildew, were more than 10‐fold less sensitive to azoxystrobin than sensitive isolates. In all resistant isolates, a mutation resulting in the replacement of a glycine by an alanine residue at codon 143 (G143A) in the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene was found. Allele‐specific primers were designed to detect this point mutation in infected wheat leaves. Using quantitative fluorescent allele‐specific real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) measurements, strobilurin‐resistant A143 alleles could be detected amongst strobilurin‐sensitive G143 alleles at a frequency of at least 1 in 10 000, depending on the amount of target and nontarget DNA. Most isolates tested were dominant homoplasmic for either the A143 or G143 allele, although mixed populations of alleles could be detected in some isolates. In some of these isolates, strobilurin resistance was not always stable when they were maintained for many generations in the absence of selection. The allele‐specific real‐time PCR assay was also used to follow the dynamics of A143 alleles in field populations of B. graminis f.sp. tritici before and after application of fungicides. As expected, the A143 allele frequency only increased under selection pressure from a strobilurin fungicide. After three sprays of azoxystrobin, a pronounced selection for the strobilurin‐resistant allele, with an increase in average frequency from 2·2 to 58%, was measured. The use of quantitative real‐time PCR diagnostics for early detection of fungicide resistance genes at low frequency, coupled with risk evaluation, will be invaluable for further resistance risk assessment and validation of antiresistance strategies.
P–T modelling of the andalusite–kyanite–andalusite sequence and related assemblages in high‐Al graphitic pelites. Prograde and retrograde paths in a late kyanite belt in the Variscan Iberia
Authors: Martinez F. J. , Reche J. , Arboleya M. L. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe exceptional andalusite–kyanite–andalusite sequence occurs in Al‐rich graphitic slates in a narrow pelite belt on the hangingwall of a ductile normal fault in NW Variscan Iberia. Early chiastolite is replaced by Ky–Ms–Pg aggregates, which are overgrown by pleochroic andalusite near granites intruded along the fault. Slates plot in AKFM above the chloritoid‐chlorite tie‐line. Their P–T grids are modelled with Thermocalc v2.7 and the 1998 databases in the NaKFMASH and KFMASH systems. The univariant reaction Ctd + And/Ky = St + Chl + Qtz + H2O ends at progressively lower pressure as F/FM increases and A/AFM decreases, shrinking the assemblage Cld–Ky–Chl, and opening a chlorite‐free Cld–Ky trivariant field on the low temperature reaction side. This modelling matches the observed absence of chlorite in high F/FM rocks, which is restricted to low pressure in the andalusite stability field.The P–T path deduced from modelling shows a first prograde event in the andalusite field followed by retrogression into the kyanite field, most likely coupled with a slight pressure increase. The final prograde evolution into the andalusite field can be explained by two different prograde paths. Granite intrusion caused the first prograde part of the path with andalusite growth. The subsequent thermal relaxation, together with aH2O decrease, generated the retrograde andalusite–kyanite transformation, plus chlorite consumption and chloritoid growth. This transformation could have been related to folding in the beginning, and aided later by downthrowing due to normal faulting. Heat supplied by syntectonic granite intrusion explains the isobaric part of the path in the late stages of evolution, causing the prograde andalusite growth after the assemblage St–Ky–Chl. Near postectonic granites, a prograde path with pressure decrease originated the assemblage St–And–Chl.
Improving access to the international coverage of reports of controlled trials in electronic databases: a search of the Australasian Medical Index
Authors: McDonald Steve 
Published: March 2003

AbstractIntroduction: Locating reports of trials from journals not indexed in the major databases presents difficulties to systematic reviewers, and may be a factor in improving the reliability of the reviews.Objectives: To identify and make available reports of controlled trials from the Australasian Medical Index (AMI). To measure the quality of indexing of trials in AMI.Methods: Using a highly sensitive search strategy consisting of methodology indexing and free‐text terms, records from AMI were read for reports of controlled trials. Trials meeting the criteria were submitted for inclusion in The Cochrane Controlled Trials Register (CCTR) and assessed for the quality of their indexing.Results: 3621 records were downloaded, of which 512 were identified as reports of controlled trials (317 RCTs; 195 CCTs) and submitted to CCTR. The precision of methodology indexing terms was 60%, but sensitivity just 18%. The quality of indexing of trials was generally poor with only 50 tagged with the RCT/CCT publication type term. 453 reports (88%) were not previously available in CCTR.Conclusions: The large proportion of trials found to be unique to the AMI database increases the pool of studies available to systematic reviewers, and helps ensure CCTR remains the most comprehensive source of trials.
Different for girls? Feminism, health information and librarianship*
Authors: Ilett Rosie 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThis paper focuses on the provision and organization of health information materials in women’s health centres in UK and Ireland in the late 20th century. Such centres sprung from the work of feminist activists and health workers from the late 1960s onwards, promoting health information and other interventions to counteract women’s devalued status within society, and the stereotypes perpetuated by health care and other systems. Centres that developed were (and still are) typically within the voluntary sector, have a strong feminist perspective and are run by lay workers.This paper will draw on research into information provision in these centres, its scope, organization and who provides it. It will argue that this work is of interest to mainstream librarianship, but there are minimal linkages as feminist thinking within librarianship has been unable overall to make common cause with the work of these, and other such agencies, which has inhibited potential developments of mutual benefit. This paper draws on ongoing research into feminism and librarianship, and findings that have been presented in a number of settings.
Statistical modelling of insect behavioural responses in relation to the chemical composition of test extracts
Authors: Hern Alan , Dorn Silvia 
Published: March 2003

Abstract. The use of generalized linear models (GLM) for relating changes in insect behaviour to changes in the chemical composition of a plant extract is presented and applied to data from an experimental study of the olfactory response of Cydia pomonella L. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) to apple volatiles. The volatiles were collected from healthy apples, artificially damaged apples or apples infested with C. pomonella larvae (either instar I, IV or V). These treatments produced a blend of 23 major components and the chemical composition of the blends differed substantially amongst the treatments.A statistically significant relationship was found between the concentration of hexyl hexanoate and 2‐methylbutyl acetate in each extract and the number of moths moving upwind. Statistically significant models were developed which suggested that a relationship exists between the concentration of Z,E‐α‐farnesene, hexyl hexanoate and 2‐methylbutyl acetate and the number and duration of movements made by the moths.Subsequently Y‐tube assays were carried out to validate the predictions made with respect to the orientation of mated female C. pomonella. The results of these assays confirm hexyl hexanoate as an attractant. There were indications that 2‐methylbutyl acetate acted as a repellent although differences were not statistically significant. Previous bioassays have shown that C. pomonella displays a statistically significant negative linear dose–response to α‐farnesene (Hern & Dorn, 1999).The statistical methods employed are very flexible and fairly easy to implement, offering the potential to screen plant extracts for bioactive compounds with a minimum of biological constraints. Their general applicability has yet to be demonstrated and as such these analyses only offer evidence of statistical relationships; the results must be validated by additional bioassays before conclusions can be drawn.
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor mRNA in dorsal root ganglion neurons
Authors: Boyd R. Thomas , Jacob Michele H. , McEachern Adrienne E. , Caron Suzanne , Berg Darwin K. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractNicotinic acetylcholine receptor (AChR) genes are expressed in subpopulations of chick dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. In 18‐day embryonic ganglia, 19% of the neurons have material homologous to neuronal AChR α3 gene mRNA, and 8% have material homologous to α4 mRNA as seen with in situ hybridization. RNAase protection experiments confirm that DRG RNA contains α3 and α4 transcripts, and Northern blot analysis establishes the size of the transcripts as being 3.5 and 3.3 kb, respectively. The proportion of DRG neurons containing α3 mRNA does not decline up through 1 year post‐hatch, indicating that α3 gene expression is not a developmentally transient event in the ganglion. An antiAChR monoclonal antibody detects cross‐reacting material in 16% of the DRG neurons from 18‐day embryos, indicating that AChR mRNA is translated into protein. Electrophysiological measurements confirm the presence of functional AChRs on DRG neurons freshly isolated from 18‐day embryos: 24% of the neurons have substantial ACh sensitivities, whereas another 23% have small but detectable responses. Staining dorsal root ganglion sections with an anticholine acetyltransferase antiserum reveals cross‐reactive material localized in axons in the ganglion; no evidence suggests the presence of cholinergic synaptic structures or AChR clusters on neuronal somata in the ganglion. It is possible that AChRs on DRG neurons participate in a diffuse form of transmission between the cholinergic fibers and a subpopulation of neuronal somata in the ganglion. Alternatively, AChRs on the somata may represent an ectopic distribution of receptors whose primary function is at the terminals of central or peripheral DRG processes.
Influence of plant lecithin partly replacing rumen‐protected fat on digestion, metabolic traits and performance of dairy cows
Authors: Wettstein H.‐R. , Quarella Forni M. G. , Kreuzer M. , Sutter F. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryNutrient digestibility, metabolic effects and performance were evaluated in lactating cows (n = 6 × 6) receiving diets containing one of four different lecithins (raw, deoiled and deoiled/partially hydrolysed soy lecithin, raw canola lecithin) or soybean oil in combination with Ca soaps of palm oil fatty acids in a ratio of 1 : 3. A diet supplemented only with Ca soaps served as a control. The complete diets consisted of forage and concentrate (0.62 : 0.38) and total lipid supplementation was 30 g fatty acids/kg dietary dry matter. Lecithins had no effect on milk yield and milk composition. Apparent digestibility of dry matter, organic matter and gross energy were highest in the control diet and lowest in the soybean oil diet (p < 0.1) with intermediate values for the lecithin‐supplemented diets. Soybean oil particularly reduced fibre digestibility (significant with hemicellulose), whereas this effect was reduced or even missing when lecithins, particularly raw canola lecithin and deoiled/hydrolysed soy lecithin, were used. The digestibility of total fatty acids was not affected by the treatments. The effects were also not significant for blood plasma traits except for insulin which was significantly higher with raw than with deoiled/hydrolysed soy lecithin. In conclusion, lecithins, particularly those technologically modified or of a low polyenoic fatty acid content, might be preferred to oils when used as an energy source whereas they failed to improve digestibility of rumen‐protected fats.
Ouabain‐sensitive respiration and protein synthesis in duodenal mucosa and liver in rats fed increasing levels of pea fibre or protein and housed in 18 or 28°C environments
Authors: Zhao Xin‐Quan , Jørgensen H. , Gabert V. M. 
Published: March 2003

SummarySeventy‐two Wistar rats were used in two studies to investigate the effect of environmental temperature (18 or 28°C), and increasing levels of dietary fibre (low, 68 g/kg dry matter (DM); medium 110 g/kg DM; high, 157 g/kg DM) and protein (low, 91 g/kg DM; medium, 171 g/kg DM; high, 262 g/kg DM) on respiration attributable to Na+,K+‐ATPase activity and protein synthesis in duodenal mucosa and liver of rats. In vitro O2 consumption in tissues was measured polarographically using a Clark‐style YSI biological O2 monitor. Whole‐body O2 consumption was measured with two open‐circuit respiration chambers. Whole‐body O2 consumption was higher (p < 0.05) at 18°C than at 28°C. Rats fed the low protein diet had significantly higher (p < 0.05) whole‐body O2 consumption than those fed the medium or high protein diet. Compared with 28°C, the environmental temperature of 18°C caused an increase (p < 0.05) in total O2 consumption and O2 consumption attributable to Na+,K+‐ATPase activity in duodenal mucosa. There was no effect (p > 0.05) of environmental temperature on total O2 consumption, Na+,K+‐ATPase activity attributable to protein synthesis dependent on O2 consumption in the liver. Total O2 consumption and O2 consumption attributable to Na+,K+‐ATPase activity increased (p < 0.05) in duodenal mucosa in rats fed the low level of dietary fibre compared with rats fed the medium level of dietary fibre. In vitro O2 consumption determined in duodenal mucosa and in liver did not always correspond to whole‐body O2 consumption. This may indicate that respiration in the duodenum and liver adapts differently and may not reflect changes in whole‐body respiration in response to dietary modification and changes in thermal environment.
A retrospective study of canine and feline cutaneous vasculitis
Authors: Nichols Patrick R. , Morris Daniel O. , Beale Karin M. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractTwenty‐one cases of cutaneous vasculitis in small animals (dogs and cats) were reviewed, and cases were divided by clinical signs into five groups. An attempt was made to correlate clinical types of vasculitis with histological inflammatory patterns, response to therapeutic drugs and prognosis. Greater than 50% of the cases were idiopathic, whereas five were induced by rabies vaccine, two were associated with hypersensitivity to beef, one was associated with lymphosarcoma and two were associated with the administration of oral drugs (ivermectin and itraconazole). Only the cases of rabies vaccine‐induced vasculitis in dogs had a consistent histological inflammatory pattern (mononuclear/nonleukocytoclastic) and were responsive to combination therapy with prednisone and pentoxifylline, or to prednisone alone. Most cases with neutrophilic or neutrophilic/eosinophilic inflammatory patterns histologically did not respond to pentoxifylline, but responded to sulfone/sulfonamide drugs, prednisone, or a combination of the two.
Synthesis, processing and export of cytoplasmic endo‐β‐1,4‐xylanase from barley aleurone during germination
Authors: Caspers Martien P. M. , Lok Finn , Sinjorgo Karin M. C. , Van Zeijl Mieke J. , Nielsen Kirsten A. , Cameron‐Mills Verena 
Published: March 2003

SummaryWe have identified the major endo‐β‐1,4‐xylanase (XYN‐1) in the aleurone of germinating barley grain, and show that it is expressed as a precursor of Mr 61 500 with both N‐ and C‐terminal propeptides. XYN‐1 is synthesized as an inactive enzyme in the cytoplasm, and only becomes active at a late stage of germination when the aleurone ceases to secrete hydrolases. A series of processing steps, mediated in part by aleurone cysteine endoproteases, yields a mature active enzyme of Mr 34 000. Processing and extracellular release of the mature enzyme coincide with the programmed cell death (PCD)‐regulated disintegration of aleurone cells. We discuss the significance of delayed aleurone cell‐wall degradation by endoxylanases in relation to the secretory capacity of the aleurone, and propose a novel role for aleurone PCD in facilitating the export of hydrolases.
Runaway cell death, but not basal disease resistance, in lsd1 is SA‐ and NIM1/NPR1‐dependent
Authors: Aviv Daniel H. , Rustérucci Christine , Iii Ben F. Holt , Dietrich Robert A. , Parker Jane E. , Dangl Jeffery L. 
Published: March 2003

Summary LSD1 was defined as a negative regulator of plant cell death and basal disease resistance based on its null mutant phenotypes. We addressed the relationship between lsd1‐mediated runaway cell death and signaling components required for systemic acquired resistance (SAR), namely salicylic acid (SA) accumulation and NIM1/NPR1. We present two important findings. First, SA accumulation and NIM1/NPR1 are required for lsd1‐mediated runaway cell death following pathogen infection or application of chemicals that mimic SA action. This implies that lsd1‐dependent cell death occurs ‘downstream’ of the accumulation of SA. As SA application triggers runaway cell death in lsd1 but not wild‐type plants, we infer that LSD1 negatively regulates an SA‐dependent signal leading to cell death. Thus SA is both a trigger and a required mediator of lsd1 runaway cell death. Second, neither SA accumulation nor NIM1/NPR1 function is required for the basal resistance operating in lsd1. Therefore LSD1 negatively regulates a basal defense pathway that can act upstream or independently of both NIM1/NPR1 function and SA accumulation following avirulent or virulent pathogen challenge. Our data, together with results from other studies, point to the existence of an SA‐dependent ‘signal potentiation loop’ controlling HR. Continued escalation of signaling in the absence of LSD1 leads to runaway cell death. We propose that LSD1 is a key negative regulator of this signal potentiation.