bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A new time‐domain method based on the general transmission‐line equations
Authors: Zhong Xiaolong , Liu Yaowu , Mei Kenneth K. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractGeneral transmission‐line equations that can describe both uniform and nonuniform transmission line are derived in brief. By using the algorithm analogous with a one‐dimensional FDTD in the time domain, we obtain a new time‐domain method we call the on‐line FDTD method. Frequency‐domain results are compared with those computed by the MoM to show the validity of our new method. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 32: 46–51, 2002.
Superresolution ISAR imaging using 2‐D autoregressive lattice filters
Authors: Erer Işin , Kayran Ahmet Hamdi 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA new efficient algorithm to obtain high‐resolution ISAR images in the case of limited frequency band and small angular section is presented. The method is based on the two‐dimensional (2‐D) autoregressive modeling of 2‐D Cartesian frequency backscattered data using 2‐D orthogonal lattice filters. ISAR images obtained for an experimental target are included to validate this technique. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 32: 81–85, 2002.
Wideband LNA design by parallel FETs
Authors: Benvenuti Dario , Cicolani Maurizio , Pisa Stefano , Tommasino Pasquale , Trifiletti Alessandro 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA new technique to design wideband low‐noise amplifiers (WBLNAs) by using parallel FETs is proposed. In particular, this technique permits us to simplify the tradeoff between the gain and noise figure over wide bands. The feasibility of the suggested technique has been verified by designing and fabricating a WBLNA with three parallel FETs. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 32: 280–284, 2002.
Coplanar waveguide‐fed folded inverted‐F antenna for UMTS application
Authors: Kuo Yen‐Liang , Wong Kin‐Lu 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA folded inverted‐F strip antenna printed on a dielectric substrate and fed by a coplanar waveguide is presented. A prototype with a small area of 25×8 mm2having a 10 dB impedance bandwidth of about 20% centered at about 2.0 GHz has been constructed and studied. The constructed prototype also showed good radiation characteristics, and is suitable for UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunication System, 1920–2170 MHz) applications. The experimental results of the constructed prototype are presented, and are also compared with those of a corresponding simple inverted‐F strip antenna. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 32: 364–366, 2002.
Small printed integrated inverted‐F antenna for Bluetooth application
Authors: Ali Mohammod , Hayes Gerard J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA printed integrated inverted‐F antenna is introduced which operates in the Bluetooth frequency band (2.4–2.485 GHz). The proposed antenna is a part of the radio frequency printed circuit board (PCB) of a cellular telephone or a personal digital assistant (PDA). The antenna being an integral part of the PCB reduces the cost and complexity of designing and manufacturing a separate antenna. The maximum dimension of the antenna on standard FR4 substrate is 25 × 5 × 1 mm3. The antenna operates within 2:1 voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) and has a free‐space peak gain of 1.5 dBi. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 33: 347–349, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10317
Photonic and relativistic approaches on the speed of microwave propagation
Authors: Ishii T. Koryu 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAnalytical approaches based on theories of relativity and photons are presented. The relativistic approach does not permit the speed of propagation to become superluminal. The classical photon theory is limited to the TEM mode monochromatic CW electromagnetic waves only. The Maxwellian photonic approach permits the speed to become superluminal. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 33: 379–382, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10328
Study of spiral inductors using Cu/low‐kinterconnect for high‐performance radio‐frequency integrated circuit (RF‐IC) applications
Authors: Lin Yo‐Sheng , Hsu Hum‐Ming 
Published: August 2002

AbstractSpiral inductors with various turn numbers fabricated with the use of leading‐edge 0.13‐μm mixed‐signal/RF CMOS technology with 193‐nm lithography and Cu/low‐k interconnect are described in this article. It is shown that quality (Q) factor decreased and increased with increasing temperature at low frequency and high frequency, respectively. This phenomenon can be explained by the positive temperature coefficients of the metal series resistance (Rs) and the substrate resistance (Rsub). © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 34: 43–48, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10368
A novel H‐shaped patch antenna
Authors: Sheta Abdel Fattah 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA novel H‐shaped patch antenna suitable for wireless and satellite communications is presented. The new antenna has some advantages compared to conventional microstrip patch antennas, such as small size, a fewer number of modes, no harmonic resonance, and the provision of pure reactive impedances at its harmonics that can result in increasing the transmitter efficiency. The basic principles and design procedure are introduced. Two antennas at two different frequencies, 4 and 10 GHz, are designed, fabricated, and measured. The measured results show a good agreement with the predicted ones. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 29: 62–66, 2001.
Rectangular‐shaped microshield coplanar waveguides on cylindrical substrate
Authors: Karpuz Ceyhun , Görür Adnan , Genç Zülfü 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn this study, CAD‐oriented analytic expressions derived by the conformal mapping method are presented, for the first time, for calculating the line parameters of a rectangular‐shaped microshield CPW on a cylindrical substrate. The effect of the curvature on the line parameters is discussed. In addition, this paper's results are compared with the results available in the literature for a rectangular‐shaped microshield coplanar waveguide on a planar substrate. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 29: 415–418, 2001.
Ion‐implanted planar‐gate GaAs MESFET optimized for single‐voltage‐supply operation
Authors: Meng C. C. , Chen J. W. , Liu S. J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIon‐implanted planar‐gate power GaAs MESFETs have been optimized for single‐voltage‐supply operation. Recessed gate MESFETs suffer from variations in pinch‐off voltage. The optimized ion‐implanted planar‐gate power GaAs MESFET has an 80 keV 4.2×1012/cm2Si channel with a 120 keV 1.7×1012/cm2Bep‐buffer. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 30: 44–46, 2001.
Bit‐error‐rate analysis for hybrid PIM–CDMA optical wireless communication systems
Authors: Ghassemlooy Z. , See C. K. , Holding J. M. , Lu C. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA hybrid pulse interval modulation–code division multiple access (PIM–CDMA) is proposed. An expression for the bit‐error rate (BER) is given. Numerical results presented are compared with hybrid PPM–CDMA and OOK–CDMA schemes. For a low number of users, PIM–CDMA achieves similar and marginally lower BER performance compared with PPM–CDMA and OOK–CDMA, respectively. For a large number of users, it offers better performance compared with OOK. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 31: 40–44, 2001.
Pilot trial of tumor‐specific peptide vaccination and continuous infusion interleukin‐2 in patients with recurrent Ewing sarcoma and alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma: An inter‐institute NIH study†
Authors: Dagher Ramzi , Long Lauren M. , Read Elizabeth J. , Leitman Susan F. , Carter Charles S. , Tsokos Maria , Goletz Theresa J. , Avila Nilo , Berzofsky Jay A. , Helman Lee J. , Mackall Crystal L. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackgroundPatients with recurrent Ewing sarcoma and alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma have poor prognoses and limited therapeutic options. We have investigated the use of peptide pulsed vaccination in an attempt to immunologically target the breakpoint region of tumor specific fusion proteins expressed in these tumors.ProcedureSixteen patients with recurrent, translocation positive, Ewing sarcoma, and alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma underwent apheresis for collection of peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Following countercurrent centrifugal elutriation, an apheresis product comprised predominantly of monocytes but containing small numbers of circulating immature dendritic cells was pulsed with peptides derived from the breakpoint region of the fusion proteins. Vaccines were administered intravenously concomitant with continuous intravenous rhIL‐2 at 9 × 106 IU/m2/day.ResultsToxicity was limited to IL‐2 related effects and was generally mild. Following vaccination, all patients showed progressive disease, most in a rapid fashion following the first vaccine. One patient showed evidence of an immunologic response and another showed a mixed clinical response. Patients enrolled on this tumor vaccine trial showed significant immunosuppression and large bulky tumors.ConclusionsPeptide vaccination as administered in this trial did not alter the dismal clinical outcome for patients with recurrent pediatric sarcomas. Future trials of tumor vaccines in this population should target patient populations with improved immune competence and smaller tumor burdens. Furthermore, optimization of the antigen presenting cell populations may be important for inducing immune responses to peptide antigens. Med Pediatr Oncol 2002;38:158–164. Published 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Role of cholesterol in germ‐line development of Caenorhabditis elegans*
Authors: Shim Yhong‐Hee , Chun Ju Hee , Lee Eun‐Young , Paik Young‐Ki 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe investigated the effects of cholesterol starvation on Caenorhabditis elegans development at both embryonic and post‐embryonic stages by examining brood size, embryonic lethality, growth rate, and worm size. The brood sizes of worms grown without cholesterol were substantially reduced in subsequent generations as compared to the control group with cholesterol: 13, 33, and 39% at the first, the second, and the third generation, respectively. The growth rate was also reduced by 20%–26%. Worms became adults after 120–130 hr incubation at 20°C. Embryonic lethality was detected in the range of 1.6%–2.9% as compared to 0.8% of the control group. The percent development from an embryo to an adult was lowered by an average of 10%. Further analyses of germ line development to understand the reduction of brood size revealed that both germ line proliferation and differentiation were affected, and the most striking effect was seen in oogenesis. Defective oogenesis resulted in endomitotic oocytes (Emo, 22% at F1, 26% at F2, and 30% at F3). Thus, cholesterol appears to be required for all developmental stages of C. elegans. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 61: 358–366, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Aneuploid spermatozoa in infertile men: Teratozoospermia
Authors: Templado Cristina , Hoang Tina , Greene Calvin , Rademaker Alfred , Chernos Judy , Martin Renée 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe and others have demonstrated that infertile men who are candidates for intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) have an increased frequency of chromosomal abnormalities in their sperm. Reports based on prenatal diagnosis of ICSI pregnancies have confirmed the increased frequency of chromosomal abnormalities in offspring. Most studies to date have lumped various types of infertility together. However, it is quite likely that some subsets of infertility have an increased risk of sperm chromosomal abnormalities whereas others do not. We have studied nine men with severe teratozoospermia (WHO, 1992 criteria, 0–13% morphologically normal forms) by multicolour fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) analysis to determine if they have an increased frequency of disomy for chromosomes 13, 21, XX, YY, and XY, as well as diploidy. All of the men also had aesthenozoospermia (< 50% forward progression) but none of the men had oligozoospermia (<20 × 106 sperm/ml). The patients ranged in age from 20 to 49 years (mean 33.2 years) in comparison to 18 normal control donors who were 23 to 58 years (mean 35.6 years). The control donors had normal semen parameters and no history of infertility. A total of 180,566 sperm were scored in the teratozoospermic men with a minimum of 10,000 sperm analyzed/donor/chromosome probe. There was a significant increase in the frequency of disomy in teratozoospermic men compared to controls for chromosomes 13 (.23 vs. .13%), XX (.13 vs. .05%), and XY (.50 vs. .30%) (P < .0001, 2‐tailed Z statistic). This study indicates that men with teratozoospermia and aesthenozoospermia but with normal concentrations of sperm have a significantly increased frequency of sperm chromosomal abnormalities. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 61: 200–204, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Characterization of bleomycin lung injury by nuclear magnetic resonance: Correlation between NMR relaxation times and lung water and collagen content
Authors: Cutillo Antonio G. , Chan Pei H. , Ailion David C. , Watanabe Suetaro , Rao Narayanam V. , Hansen Christopher B. , Albertine Kurt H. , Laicher Gernot , Durney Carl H. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe response of the NMR relaxation times (T1, CPMG T2, and Hahn T2) to bleomycin‐induced lung injury was studied in excised, unperfused rat lungs. NMR, histologic, and biochemical (collagen content measurement) analyses were performed 1, 2, 4, and 8 weeks after intratracheal instillation of saline (control lungs) or 10 U/kg bleomycin sulfate. The control lungs showed no important NMR, water content, histologic, or collagen content changes. The spin‐spin relaxation times for the fast and intermediate components of the CPMG decay (T2f and T2i, respectively) increased 1 week after bleomycin injury (acute inflammatory stage) and then progressively decreased during the following 2–8 weeks (i.e., with the development of the chronic, fibrotic stage of the injury). The slow component (T2s) showed no significant changes. The response of T1 and the slow component of the Hahn T2 was, on the whole, similar to that of CPMG T2f and T2i. T1 changes were very small. Lung water content increased 1 week after injury. Histologic and biochemical assessment of collagen showed that collagen content was close to control at 1 week, but markedly increased at 2, 4, and 8 weeks. T1 and T2 data were directly correlated with lung water content and inversely correlated with collagen content. Our results indicate that NMR relaxation time measurements (particularly T2) reflect the structural changes associated with bleomycin injury. The prolonged T2 relaxation times observed in the acute stage are related to the presence of edema, whereas the subsequent decrease in these values marks the stage of the collagen deposition (fibrotic stage). CPMG‐T2 and Hahn‐T2 measurements can be valuable as a potentially noninvasive method for characterizing bleomycin‐induced lung injury and pathologically related lung disorders. Magn Reson Med 47:246–256, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Combination of signals from array coils using image‐based estimation of coil sensitivity profiles
Authors: Bydder M. , Larkman D.J. , Hajnal J.V. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIt is well established that the optimal unbiased way to combine image data from array coils is a pixel‐by‐pixel sum of coil signals, with each signal weighted by the individual coil sensitivity at the location of the pixel. A pragmatic alternative combines the images from the coils as the square root of the sum of squares (SOS), which can reduce the signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) and introduce bias. This work describes how to replace coil sensitivity by an image‐derived quantity that enables close to optimal signal combination up to a global intensity scaling. Typical scaling is by an individual coil sensitivity or a linear or SOS combination of the sensitivities of some or all of the coils in the array. The method decreases signal bias, improves SNR when coils have unequal noise levels, and can reduce image artifacts. It can produce phase‐corrected data, which eliminates bias completely. In addition, the method allows images from arrays that include highly localized coils, such as a prostate coil and external pelvic array, to be combined with near‐optimal SNR and an intensity modulation that makes them easier to view. Magn Reson Med 47:539–548, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Estimation of respiration‐induced noise fluctuations from undersampled multislice fMRI data†
Authors: Frank Lawrence R. , Buxton Richard B. , Wong Eric C. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractFunctional MRI time series data are known to be contaminated by highly structured noise due to physiological fluctuations. Significant components of this noise are at frequencies greater than those critically sampled in standard multislice imaging protocols and are therefore aliased into the activation spectrum, compromising the estimation of functional activations and the determination of their significance. However, in this work it is demonstrated that unaliased noise information is available in multislice data, and can be used to estimate and reduce noise due to high‐frequency respiratory‐related fluctuations. Magn Reson Med 45:635–644, 2001. Published 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Determination of skeletal muscle perfusion using arterial spin labeling NMRI: Validation by comparison with venous occlusion plethysmography
Authors: Raynaud J.S. , Duteil S. , Vaughan J.T. , Hennel F. , Wary C. , Leroy‐Willig A. , Carlier P.G. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractT1‐based determination of perfusion was performed with the high temporal and spatial resolution that monitoring of exercise physiology requires. As no data were available on the validation of this approach in human muscles, T1‐based NMRI of perfusion was compared to standard strain‐gauge venous occlusion plethysmography performed simultaneously within a 4 T magnet. Two different situations were investigated in 21 healthy young volunteers: 1) a 5‐min ischemia of the leg, or 2) a 2–3 min ischemic exercise consisting of a plantar flexion on an amagnetic ergometer. Leg perfusion was monitored over 5–15 min of the recovery phase, after the air‐cuff arterial occlusion had been released. The interesting features of the sequence were the use of a saturation‐recovery module for the introduction of a T1 modulation and of single‐shot spin echo for imaging. Spatial resolution was 1.7 × 2.0 mm and temporal resolution was 2 s. For data analysis, ROIs were traced on different muscles and perfusion was calculated from the differences in muscle signal intensity in successive images. To allow comparison with the global measurement of perfusion by plethysmography, the T1‐based NMR measurements in exercising muscles were rescaled to the leg cross‐section. The perfusion measurements obtained by plethysmography and NMRI were in close agreement with a correlation coefficient between 0.87 and 0.92. This indicates that pulsed arterial techniques provide determination of muscle perfusion not only with superior spatial and temporal resolution but also with exactitude. Magn Reson Med 46:305–311, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Bayesian source separation for reference function determination in fMRI
Authors: Rowe Daniel B. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn analyzing fMRI results, identification of significant activation in voxels is a crucial task. A standard method selects a “known” reference function and performs a regression of the time courses on it and a linear trend. Once the linear trend is found, the correlation between the assumed to be known reference function and the detrended observed time‐course in each voxel is computed. But the most important question is: How does one choose the reference function? Here, a Bayesian source separation approach to determining the underlying reference function is described and applied to real fMRI data. This underlying reference function is the unobserved response due to the presentation of the experimental stimulus. Magn Reson Med 46:374–378, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Low‐level exposures to organophosphorus esters and peripheral nerve function
Authors: Lotti Marcello 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis review evaluates the epidemiological and clinical evidence linking low‐level and prolonged exposures to organophosphorus esters, used as insecticides or nerve agents, to peripheral nerve dysfunction. The clinical effects of large doses of these chemicals—including the cholinergic syndrome, the intermediate syndrome, and the delayed polyneuropathy—are all well established and are summarized. Based on these clinical observations and experimental studies, dose–effect relationships indicate that peripheral neuropathy always develops after cholinergic toxicity. However, several studies have suggested that this relationship may be different after low‐level prolonged exposures, as, for instance, those experienced by Gulf War veterans and British sheep farmers, thereby leading to the development of peripheral neuropathy without preceding cholinergic toxicity. A critical assessment of these studies, involving subjects with either current or past exposures, indicates that changes in peripheral nerve function were mild, inconsistent, and unexplained and that most studies lack exposure data. Suggestions made about individual hypersusceptibility to delayed polyneuropathy lack support. It is concluded that there is no evidence of peripheral nerve dysfunction caused by low‐level prolonged exposures to organophosphate insecticides or nerve agents. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Muscle Nerve 25: 000–000, 2002
Conduction block in neuralgic amyotrophy
Authors: Watson Bradley V. , Nicolle Michael W. , Brown John D. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe describe two cases of neuralgic amyotrophy with electrophysiological evidence of conduction block across the lower trunk of the brachial plexus. Low‐output impedance stimulation of the cervical spinal roots in combination with collision was used to accurately demonstrate the conduction block. Complete electrophysiological recovery of the conduction block occurred within 3 months. Early clinical and electrophysiological recovery in both patients suggests that, in some cases, demyelination may predominate early in the course of neuralgic amyotrophy. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Muscle Nerve 24: 559–563, 2001
Clinical evaluator reliability for quantitative and manual muscle testing measures of strength in children
Authors: Escolar D. M. , Henricson E. K. , Mayhew J. , Florence J. , Leshner R. , Patel K. M. , Clemens P. R. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractMeasurements of muscle strength in clinical trials of Duchenne muscular dystrophy have relied heavily on manual muscle testing (MMT). The high level of intra‐ and interrater variability of MMT compromises clinical study results. We compared the reliability of 12 clinical evaluators in performing MMT and quantitative muscle testing (QMT) on 12 children with muscular dystrophy. QMT was reliable, with an interclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of >0.9 for biceps and grip strength, and >0.8 for quadriceps strength. Training of both subjects and evaluators was easily accomplished. MMT was not as reliable, and required repeated training of evaluators to bring all groups to an ICC >0.75 for shoulder abduction, elbow and hip flexion, knee extension, and ankle dorsiflexion. We conclude that QMT shows greater reliability and is easier to implement than MMT. Consequently, QMT will be a superior measure of strength for use in pediatric, neuromuscular, multicenter clinical trials. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Muscle Nerve 24: 787–793, 2001.