bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of His Bundle Pacing on Abnormal Myocardial Fatty Acid and Glucose Metabolism Induced by Right Ventricular Pacing
Authors: Lin Yu‐Sheng , Chen Huang‐Chung , Lee Wei‐Chieh , Ho Wan‐Chun , Chang Shun‐Fu , Chen Yung‐Lung , Yang Teng‐Yao , Chen Mien‐Cheng 
Published: February 2024

Background
Metabolic disorder is noted for pacing‐induced cardiomyopathy. The benefits of His bundle pacing over right ventricular (RV) pacing in preventing pacing‐induced cardiomyopathy from a metabolic perspective are yet to be fully understood.

Method and Results

Three pig groups were established for this study: sham control, RV pacing (RV pacing for 6 months), and His pacing (RV pacing for 6 months, followed by His bundle pacing for 3 months). Complete atrioventricular block was created in the last 2 groups. Left ventricular function and dyssynchrony were assessed via echocardiography, while proteins linked to metabolism, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and inflammation in left ventricular myocardium were examined. The RV pacing group had significantly more left ventricular mechanical dyssynchrony compared with the other groups. The RV pacing group exhibited triglyceride and diacylglycerol accumulation in cardiomyocytes and higher expression of binding immunoglobulin protein and tumor necrosis factor‐α than the other groups. Additionally, the expression of CD36 was activated, while the expression of hormone‐sensitive lipase was downregulated in the RV pacing group compared with the His pacing and sham control groups. Furthermore, the expressions of GLUT4 and
pyruvate dehydrogenase
were higher in the RV pacing group than the sham control and His pacing groups. Notably, the abnormal fatty acid and glucose metabolic pathways in the left ventricular myocardium during RV pacing could be corrected by His bundle pacing.

Conclusions
His bundle pacing can mitigate the abnormal metabolism disorders, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and inflammation induced during RV pacing and may contribute to the superiority of conduction system pacing over RV pacing in reducing heart failure hospitalization.
Angiotensin Receptor–Neprilysin Inhibition (Sacubitril/Valsartan) Reduces Structural Arterial Stiffness in Middle‐Aged Mice
Authors: Schellinger Isabel N. , Dannert Angelika , Hoffmann Annet , Chodisetti Giriprakash , Mattern Karin , Petzold Anne , Klöting Nora , Schuster Andreas , Wagenhäuser Markus U. , Emrich Fabian , Stumvoll Michael , Hasenfuß Gerd , Raaz Uwe 
Published: February 2024

Background
Increasing arterial stiffness is a prominent feature of the aging cardiovascular system. Arterial stiffening leads to fundamental alterations in central hemodynamics with widespread detrimental implications for organ function resulting in significant morbidity and death, and specific therapies to address the underlying age‐related structural arterial remodeling remain elusive. The present study investigates the potential of the recently clinically available dual angiotensin receptor–neprilysin inhibitor (ARNI) sacubitril/valsartan (LCZ696) to counteract age‐related arterial fibrotic remodeling and stiffening in 1‐year‐old mice.

Methods and Results
Treatment of in 1‐year‐old mice with ARNI (sacubitril/valsartan), in contrast to angiotensin receptor blocker monotherapy (valsartan) and vehicle treatment (controls), significantly decreases structural aortic stiffness (as measured by in vivo pulse‐wave velocity and ex vivo aortic pressure myography). This phenomenon appears, at least partly, independent of (indirect) blood pressure effects and may be related to a direct antifibrotic interference with aortic smooth muscle cell collagen production. Furthermore, we find aortic remodeling and destiffening due to ARNI treatment to be associated with improved parameters of cardiac diastolic function in aged mice.

Conclusions
This study provides preclinical mechanistic evidence indicating that ARNI‐based interventions may counteract age‐related arterial stiffening and may therefore be further investigated as a promising strategy to improve cardiovascular outcomes in the elderly.
Association of Angiotensin II Receptor Type 1 and Endothelin‐1 Receptor Type A Agonistic Autoantibodies With Adverse Remodeling and Cardiovascular Events After Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Tona Francesco , Civieri Giovanni , Vadori Marta , Masiero Giulia , Iop Laura , Marra Martina Perazzolo , Perin Valentina , Cuciz Elisa , Cecere Annagrazia , Bernava Giacomo , Tansella Donatella , Naumova Nataliia , Grewal Simran , Cozzi Emanuele , Iliceto Sabino 
Published: February 2024

Background
The left ventricular remodeling (LVR) process has limited the effectiveness of therapies after myocardial infarction. The relationship between autoantibodies activating AT1R‐AAs (angiotensin II receptor type 1‐AAs) and ETAR‐AAs (autoantibodies activating endothelin‐1 receptor type A) with myocardial infarction has been described. Among patients with ST‐segment–elevation myocardial infarction, we investigated the relationship between these autoantibodies with LVR and subsequent major adverse cardiac events.

Methods and Results

In this prospective observational study, we included 131 patients with ST‐segment–elevation myocardial infarction (61±11 years of age, 112 men) treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention. Within 48 hours of admission, 2‐dimensional transthoracic echocardiography was performed, and blood samples were obtained. The seropositive threshold for AT1R‐AAs and ETAR‐AAs was >10 U/mL. Patients were followed up at 6 months, when repeat transthoracic echocardiography was performed. The primary end points were LVR, defined as a 20% increase in left ventricular end‐diastolic volume index, and major adverse cardiac event occurrence at follow‐up, defined as cardiac death, nonfatal re‐myocardial infarction, and hospitalization for heart failure. Forty‐one (31%) patients experienced LVR. The prevalence of AT1R‐AAs and ETAR‐AAs seropositivity was higher in patients with versus without LVR (39% versus 11%,
P
<0.001 and 37% versus 12%,
P
=0.001, respectively). In multivariable analysis, AT1R‐AAs seropositivity was significantly associated with LVR (odds ratio [OR], 4.66;
P
=0.002) and represented a risk factor for subsequent major adverse cardiac events (OR, 19.6;
P
=0.002).

Conclusions
AT1R‐AAs and ETAR‐AAs are associated with LVR in patients with ST‐segment–elevation myocardial infarction. AT1R‐AAs are also significantly associated with recurrent major adverse cardiac events. These initial observations may set the stage for a better pathophysiological understanding of the mechanisms contributing to LVR and ST‐segment–elevation myocardial infarction prognosis.
Relationships Among Heart Rate Variability, Perceived Social Support, and Hopelessness in Adults With Ischemic Heart Disease
Authors: Goodyke Madison P. , Bronas Ulf G. , Baynard Tracy , Tintle Nathan , DeVon Holli A. , Collins Eileen , Dunn Susan L. 
Published: February 2024

Background
Lower perceived social support is associated with hopelessness in patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD). Higher perceived social support is associated with higher heart rate variability (HRV) in adults following a stressful event, but the relationship between HRV and hopelessness has not been examined in patients with IHD. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the relationships among HRV, perceived social support, and hopelessness in patients with IHD.

Methods and Results

Ninety‐four participants were enrolled while hospitalized for an IHD event at a large hospital in the United States. Data collection occurred 2 weeks after hospital discharge and included the State–Trait Hopelessness Scale, ENRICHD Social Support Inventory, Patient Health Questionnaire‐9, a demographic form, and a short‐term HRV measurement taken at rest. Linear models were used to assess associations between variables in unadjusted and adjusted models. Most participants were men (67%), married (75%), and non‐Hispanic White (96%) and underwent coronary artery bypass surgery (57%). There were inverse correlations between high frequency HRV and state hopelessness (
r
=−0.21,
P
=0.008) and root mean square of successive differences between normal heartbeats HRV and state hopelessness (
r
=−0.20,
P
=0.012) after adjusting for important covariates. High frequency and root mean square of successive differences between normal heartbeats did not show evidence of mediating the relationship between perceived social support and hopelessness.

Conclusions
There were significant inverse correlations between parasympathetic measures of HRV and hopelessness. Assessing high frequency and root mean square of successive differences between normal heartbeats during early recovery following an IHD event could provide promising evidence for understanding a possible precursor to hopelessness and targets for future interventions.

Registration Information:
clinicaltrials.gov
. Identifiers: NCT03907891, NCT05003791.
Rising Cardiac Troponin: A Prognostic Biomarker for Mortality After Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Rosso Michela , Ramaswamy Srinath , Mulatu Yohannes , Little Jessica N. , Kvantaliani Nino , Brahmaroutu Ankita , Marczak Izabella , Lewey Jennifer , Deo Rajat , Messé Steven R. , Cucchiara Brett L. , Levine Steven R. , Kasner Scott E. 
Published: February 2024

Background
Elevated cardiac troponin (cTn) is detected in 10% to 30% of patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and correlates with poor functional outcomes. Serial cTn measurements differentiate a dynamic cTn pattern (rise/fall >20%), specific for acute myocardial injury, from elevated but stable cTn levels (nondynamic), typically attributed to chronic cardiac/noncardiac conditions. We investigated if the direction of the cTn change (rising versus falling) affects mortality and outcome.

Methods and Results

We retrospectively screened consecutive patients with AIS admitted to 5 stroke centers for elevated cTn at admission and at least 1 additional cTn measurement within 48 hours. The pattern of cTn was defined as rising if >20% increase from baseline, falling if >20% decrease, or nondynamic if ≤20% change in either direction. Logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the association of cTn patterns and 7‐day mortality and unfavorable discharge disposition. Of 3789 patients with AIS screened, 300 were included. Seventy‐two had a rising pattern, 66 falling, and 162 nondynamic. In patients with AIS with rising cTn, acute ischemic myocardial infarction was present in 54%, compared with 33% in those with falling cTn (
P
<0.01). Twenty‐two percent of patients with a rising pattern had an isolated dynamic cTn in the absence of any ECG or echocardiogram changes, compared with 53% with falling cTn. A rising pattern was associated with higher risk of 7‐day mortality (adjusted odds ratio [OR]=32 [95% CI, 2.5–415.0] rising versus aOR=1.3 [95% CI, 0.1–38.0] falling versus nondynamic as reference) and unfavorable discharge disposition (aOR=2.5 [95% CI, 1.2–5.2] rising versus aOR=0.6 [95% CI, 0.2–1.5] versus falling).

Conclusions
Rising cTn is independently associated with increased mortality and unfavorable discharge disposition in patients with AIS.
Minocycline in Severe Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy: A Single‐Center Cohort Study
Authors: Bax Francesco , Warren Andrew , Fouks Avia Abramovitz , van den Brink Hilde , van Veluw Susanne J. , Kozberg Mariel G. , Greenberg Steven M. 
Published: February 2024

Background
Evidence from animal studies suggests that minocycline may reduce lobar intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) recurrence in cerebral amyloid angiopathy, possibly by inhibiting perivascular extracellular matrix degradation in cerebral small vessels. There is currently no evidence of its safety or efficacy in humans with cerebral amyloid angiopathy.

Methods and Results

To provide preliminary data to support future studies of minocycline's efficacy, the authors performed a retrospective single‐center cohort study to assess the incidence of recurrent ICH in patients with an aggressive clinical course of probable cerebral amyloid angiopathy who had been prescribed minocycline off‐label via shared decision‐making. Crude incidence rate ratios were calculated to compare incidence rates before versus after treatment. Sixteen patients (mean age at minocycline initiation, 66.3±3.5 years; women 62.5%; median of 3 lobar ICHs [range, 1–6]) were initiated on minocycline and followed for a median of 12.4 months (range, 1.8–61.4 months). Adverse events were reported in 4 of 16 patients (gastroenteric, n=3; dizziness, n=1) and were considered mild. ICH incidence sharply increased the year before minocycline initiation compared with the preceding years (2.18 [95% CI, 1.50–3.07] versus 0.40 [95% CI, 0.25–0.60] events per patient‐year) and fell to 0.46 (95% CI, 0.23–0.83) events per patient‐year afterwards. Incidence rate ratios of recurrent ICH after minocycline was lower (0.21 [95% CI, 0.11–0.42],
P
<0.0001) compared with the year before initiation.

Conclusions
Minocycline appeared safe and generally tolerated in a small group of patients with clinically aggressive cerebral amyloid angiopathy and was associated with reduced ICH recurrence. Determining whether this reduction represents a biological response to minocycline rather than a regression to the mean, however, will require a future controlled treatment trial.
Poverty and Prejudice: Assembling a Picture of the Oral Health of Convicts Sent to Van Diemen’s Land
Authors: Shaw Kim , Bettiol Silvana , Crocombe Leonard 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The correlation between poor oral health and social and economic disadvantage is a global concern that continues to afflict vulnerable populations. Poverty and its related stresses were also significant factors in the poor oral health experienced by British convicts in the nineteenth century. This article presents an analysis of incidental descriptions of teeth, observed in physical accounts of convicts transported to the penal colonies of Van Diemen’s Land, now known as Tasmania, between the years 1803 and 1853. Coding of these descriptions found a significant disparity in the recorded tooth loss of female convicts when compared to their male counterparts. To interpret these findings and build a better understanding of the oral health status of this cohort, the current study draws on modern medical knowledge, relevant bioarchaeological studies and documented archaeological findings, as well as history of the time. Nutritional deficiencies, smoking, unsanitary living conditions and increased susceptibility to disease are common themes, which we know today, impact on oral disease and tooth loss. A less-expected narrative to emerge from the data reviewed, suggests a gender bias involving the close scrutiny of female appearance. Possible evidence of an historically acknowledged racial bias against those of Irish descent is also suggested in our analysis.
Missing Argo Float Profiles in Highly Stratified Waters of the Amazon River Plume
Authors: Reverdin Gilles , Olivier Léa , Cabanes Cécile , Boutin Jacqueline , Thouvenin-Masson Clovis , Vergely Jean-Luc , Kolodziejczyk Nicolas , Thierry Virginie , Khvorostyanov Dmitry , Jouanno Julien 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
In the western tropical Atlantic Ocean close to the Amazon plume, a large loss rate of Argo-float profiles took place, that is, instances of profiles that should have happened but were not transmitted. We find that APEX and SOLO floats were not ascending to the surface in the presence of low surface practical salinity, typically on the order of 32.5 or less, because of limitations on the surface buoyancy range for those floats. This results in an overall loss of profiles from these floats that is on the order of 6% averaged over the year, with a peak of 12% in July. We also find aborted descents/incorrect grounding detections for ARVOR/PROVOR floats when surface salinity is low and the descending float reaches a strong halocline (2.6% of all the profiles in the June–August season). Altogether, the whole Argo set includes a maximum loss rate of roughly 6% in July. We find a pattern of loss that fits the surface salinity seasonal cycle and the occurrence of low surface salinity investigated from a high-resolution daily satellite salinity product in 2010–21. The agreement is even better when considering surface density instead of surface salinity, with the temperature contribution to density inducing a shift in the maximum occurrence of these events by 1 month relative to the cycle of very low salinity events. Because of changes in the float technology, the loss rate that targets the lowest surface salinities was very large until 2010, with an overall decrease afterward.

Significance Statement
In the western tropical Atlantic Ocean, some Argo floats were not able to ascend or descend with very low surface salinity, because of buoyancy limitations for some float types and false bottom detection on others. In this region, for surface practical salinity smaller than 32.5, this resulted in a loss of close to one-half of the Argo profiles during the last 20 years. Altogether, this undersampling of the lowest surface salinities by Argo floats modifies the upper-ocean salinity seasonal cycle, as well as longer-term trends portrayed in Argo data–based products. Furthermore, in this region, care must be taken when validating satellite salinity data with Argo data or when adjusting satellite sea surface salinity data to in situ data products.
Map-Based Ensemble Forecasts for Maritime Operations: An Interactive Usability Assessment with Decision Scenarios
Authors: Jeuring Jelmer , Samuelsen Eirik Mikal , Lamers Machiel , Müller Malte , Hjøllo Bjørn Åge , Bertino Laurent , Hagen Berit 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Previous research indicates that forecast uncertainty can, in certain formats and decision contexts, provide actionable insights that help users in their decision-making. However, how to best disseminate forecast uncertainty, which factors affect successful uptake, and how forecast uncertainty transforms into better decision-making remains an ongoing topic for discussion in both academic and operational contexts. Interpreting and using visualizations of forecast uncertainty are not straightforward, and choosing how to represent uncertainty in forecast products should be dependent on the specific audience in mind. We present findings from an interactive stakeholder workshop that aimed to advance context-based insights on the usability of graphical representations of forecast uncertainty in the field of maritime operations. The workshop involved participants from various maritime sectors, including cruise tourism, fisheries, government, private forecast service providers, and research/academia. Geographically situated in Norway, the workshop employed sea spray icing as a use case for various decision scenario exercises, using both fixed probability and fixed threshold formats, supplemented with temporal ensemble diagrams. Accumulated operational expertise and characteristics of the forecast information itself, such as color coding and different forms of forecast uncertainty visualizations, were found to affect perceptions of decision-making quality. Findings can inform codesign processes of translating ensemble forecasts into usable and useful public and commercial forecast information services. The collaborative nature of the workshop facilitated knowledge sharing and coproduction between forecast providers and users. Overall, the study highlights the importance of incorporating methodological approaches that consider the complex and dynamic operational contexts of ensemble-based forecast provision, communication, and use.

Significance Statement
We wanted to understand how maps showing uncertainty in weather forecasts can help maritime users in their operational decisions. We organized a workshop with Norwegian maritime stakeholders and forecasters, who interpreted maps that combined layers of maritime operational activities and the likelihood of sea spray icing (an important hazard for ships operating on higher latitudes). The results show that contextual knowledge, and the use visual formats such as traffic light colors may help users to understand the maps. The results will help to better communicate weather forecasts to maritime users and gives suggestions about how to involve users in codesigning forecast products. Follow-up research could use our approach to investigate other hazardous conditions, such as wind, waves and sea ice.
What have 16- to 18-year-olds in England learnt about reproductive health? A survey of school students
Authors: Maslowski Katherine , Biswakarma Rina , Reiss Michael J , Harper Joyce C 
Published: February 2024

Objective: Most countries teach limited information about sex and reproductive health education, often concentrating on how not to get pregnant. In this study, we examine what 16- to 18-year-olds in England have learnt and their views about reproductive health education. Design: This is a mixed-methods study. An anonymous, online survey was conducted on Qualtrics software using multiple-choice and open-ended questions. Schools were recruited via the Biotutors forum, and they distributed the survey to students aged 16–18 years. Setting: Data collection took place across England. Methods: A total of 931 students completed the survey, of whom 636 were girls, 250 were boys, 31 as other genders, and 14 did not disclose their gender. Quantitative data were analysed descriptively, and associations were explored using Chi-square tests. Qualitative data were analysed thematically. Results: Over half (65%) of the students rated the sex education they had received as adequate or below. Over half (74%) reported that they do not, or only sometimes, talk to their parents/guardians about these topics. Half (49%) did not know when a woman is most fertile. Students showed a better knowledge of female fertility than male fertility. There was no relationship between how much teaching respondents said they had received and their knowledge of reproductive health topics. From the free text question ‘How do you think we can improve sex and fertility education in schools?’, five themes were identified: inclusivity for all students; comprehensive with relevant topic variety; logistical improvements needed to teaching; the need for honest, transparent and non-judgemental teaching; and sex positivity. Conclusion: Schools should teach a wider range of issues relevant to sexual and reproductive health. Data from this study have assisted the creation of a teachers’ education resource which is being developed in partnership with the International Reproductive Health Education Collaboration (IRHEC).