bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Elevated midbrain serotonin transporter availability in mixed mania: a case report
Authors: Tolmunen Tommi , Joensuu Mikko , Saarinen Pirjo Irmeli , Mussalo Hanna , Ahola Pasi , Vanninen Ritva , Kuikka Jyrki , Tiihonen Jari , Lehtonen Johannes 
Published: September 2004

Abstract
Background
Results obtained from brain imaging studies indicate that serotonin transporter (SERT) and dopamine transporter (DAT) densities are altered in major depression. However, no such studies have been published on current mania or hypomania.

Case presentation
In this single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) study with [123I]nor-β-CIT we present a case with simultaneous symptoms of major depression and hypomania. She had an elevated serotonin transporter availability (SERT) in the midbrain and elevated dopamine transporter availability (DAT) in the striatum, which normalised in a one-year follow-up period during which she received eight months of psychodynamic psychotherapy.

Conclusions
To our knowledge, this is the first report on SERT and DAT associated with mania. In our case the availability of both SERT in the midbrain and DAT in the striatum were elevated at baseline and declined during psychotherapy, while the SERT and DAT of the depressed controls increased during psychotherapy. Symptoms of hypomania in the case were alleviated during psychotherapy. Clinical recovery was also reflected in the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) scores.
Seal of transparency heritage in the CISMeF quality-controlled health gateway
Authors: Darmoni SJ , Dahamna B , Roth-Berghofer Thomas R 
Published: September 2004

Abstract
Background
It is an absolute necessity to continually assess the quality of health information on the Internet. Quality-controlled subject gateways are Internet services which apply a selected set of targeted measures to support systematic resource discovery.

Methods
The CISMeF health gateway became a contributor to the MedCIRCLE project to evaluate 270 health information providers. The transparency heritage consists of using the evaluation performed on providers that are referenced in the CISMeF catalogue for evaluating the documents they publish, thus passing on the transparency label from the publishers to their documents.

Results
Each site rated in CISMeF has a record in the CISMeF database that generates an RDF into HTML file. The search tool Doc'CISMeF displays information originating from every publisher evaluated with a specific MedCIRCLE button, which is linked to the MedCIRCLE central repository. Starting with 270 websites, this trust heritage has led to 6,480 evaluated resources in CISMeF (49.8% of the 13,012 resources included in CISMeF).

Conclusion
With the MedCIRCLE project and transparency heritage, CISMeF became an explicit third party.
Doublet method for very fast autocoding
Authors: Berman Jules J 
Published: September 2004

Abstract
Background
Autocoding (or automatic concept indexing) occurs when a software program extracts terms contained within text and maps them to a standard list of concepts contained in a nomenclature. The purpose of autocoding is to provide a way of organizing large documents by the concepts represented in the text. Because textual data accumulates rapidly in biomedical institutions, the computational methods used to autocode text must be very fast. The purpose of this paper is to describe the doublet method, a new algorithm for very fast autocoding.

Methods
An autocoder was written that transforms plain-text into intercalated word doublets (e.g. "The ciliary body produces aqueous humor" becomes "The ciliary, ciliary body, body produces, produces aqueous, aqueous humor"). Each doublet is checked against an index of doublets extracted from a standard nomenclature. Matching doublets are assigned a numeric code specific for each doublet found in the nomenclature. Text doublets that do not match the index of doublets extracted from the nomenclature are not part of valid nomenclature terms. Runs of matching doublets from text are concatenated and matched against nomenclature terms (also represented as runs of doublets).

Results
The doublet autocoder was compared for speed and performance against a previously published phrase autocoder. Both autocoders are Perl scripts, and both autocoders used an identical text (a 170+ Megabyte collection of abstracts collected through a PubMed search) and the same nomenclature (neocl.xml, containing over 102,271 unique names of neoplasms). In side-by-side comparison on the same computer, the doublet method autocoder was 8.4 times faster than the phrase autocoder (211 seconds versus 1,776 seconds). The doublet method codes 0.8 Megabytes of text per second on a desktop computer with a 1.6 GHz processor. In addition, the doublet autocoder successfully matched terms that were missed by the phrase autocoder, while the phrase autocoder found no terms that were missed by the doublet autocoder.

Conclusions
The doublet method of autocoding is a novel algorithm for rapid text autocoding. The method will work with any nomenclature and will parse any ascii plain-text. An implementation of the algorithm in Perl is provided with this article. The algorithm, the Perl implementation, the neoplasm nomenclature, and Perl itself, are all open source materials.
Delta-9 tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) inhibits lytic replication of gamma oncogenic herpesviruses in vitro
Authors: Medveczky Maria M , Sherwood Tracy A , Klein Thomas W , Friedman Herman , Medveczky Peter G 
Published: September 2004

Abstract
Background
The major psychoactive cannabinoid compound of marijuana, delta-9 tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), has been shown to modulate immune responses and lymphocyte function. After primary infection the viral DNA genome of gamma herpesviruses persists in lymphoid cell nuclei in a latent episomal circular form. In response to extracellular signals, the latent virus can be activated, which leads to production of infectious virus progeny. Therefore, we evaluated the potential effects of THC on gamma herpesvirus replication.

Methods
Tissue cultures infected with various gamma herpesviruses were cultured in the presence of increasing concentrations of THC and the amount of viral DNA or infectious virus yield was compared to those of control cultures. The effect of THC on Kaposi's Sarcoma Associated Herpesvirus (KSHV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) replication was measured by the Gardella method and replication of herpesvirus saimiri (HVS) of monkeys, murine gamma herpesvirus 68 (MHV 68), and herpes simplex type 1 (HSV-1) was measured by yield reduction assays. Inhibition of the immediate early ORF 50 gene promoter activity was measured by the dual luciferase method.

Results
Micromolar concentrations of THC inhibit KSHV and EBV reactivation in virus infected/immortalized B cells. THC also strongly inhibits lytic replication of MHV 68 and HVS in vitro. Importantly, concentrations of THC that inhibit virus replication of gamma herpesviruses have no effect on cell growth or HSV-1 replication, indicating selectivity. THC was shown to selectively inhibit the immediate early ORF 50 gene promoter of KSHV and MHV 68.

Conclusions
THC specifically targets viral and/or cellular mechanisms required for replication and possibly shared by these gamma herpesviruses, and the endocannabinoid system is possibly involved in regulating gamma herpesvirus latency and lytic replication. The immediate early gene ORF 50 promoter activity was specifically inhibited by THC. These studies may also provide the foundation for the development of antiviral strategies utilizing non-psychoactive derivatives of THC.
Priming nonlinear searches for pathway identification
Authors: Veflingstad Siren R , Almeida Jonas , Voit Eberhard O 
Published: September 2004

Abstract
Background
Dense time series of metabolite concentrations or of the expression patterns of proteins may be available in the near future as a result of the rapid development of novel, high-throughput experimental techniques. Such time series implicitly contain valuable information about the connectivity and regulatory structure of the underlying metabolic or proteomic networks. The extraction of this information is a challenging task because it usually requires nonlinear estimation methods that involve iterative search algorithms. Priming these algorithms with high-quality initial guesses can greatly accelerate the search process. In this article, we propose to obtain such guesses by preprocessing the temporal profile data and fitting them preliminarily by multivariate linear regression.

Results
The results of a small-scale analysis indicate that the regression coefficients reflect the connectivity of the network quite well. Using the mathematical modeling framework of Biochemical Systems Theory (BST), we also show that the regression coefficients may be translated into constraints on the parameter values of the nonlinear BST model, thereby reducing the parameter search space considerably.

Conclusion
The proposed method provides a good approach for obtaining a preliminary network structure from dense time series. This will be more valuable as the systems become larger, because preprocessing and effective priming can significantly limit the search space of parameters defining the network connectivity, thereby facilitating the nonlinear estimation task.
Identification of the 15FRFG domain in HIV-1 Gag p6 essential for Vpr packaging into the virion
Authors: Zhu Henghu , Jian Heng , Zhao Ling-Jun 
Published: September 2004

AbstractThe auxiliary regulatory protein Vpr of HIV-1 is packaged in the virion through interaction with the Gag C-terminal p6 domain. Virion packaging of Vpr is critical for Vpr to exert functions in the HIV-1 life cycle. Previous studies suggest that Vpr interacts with a (Lxx)4 domain in p6 for virion packaging. In the present study, mutational analysis of HIV-1 Gag p6 domain was performed in the context of the HIV-1 genome to examine the effect on virion packaging of Vpr. Surprisingly, Ala substitutions for Leu44 and Phe45 in the (Lxx)4 domain or deletion of the whole (Lxx)4 domain (amino acid #35–52 of the Gag p6 domain) did not affect Vpr virion packaging. Vpr virion packaging was normal when amino acid #1–23 of the Gag p6 domain was preserved. Most importantly, Ala substitutions for Phe15, Arg16 and Phe17 in the context of amino acid #1–23 of the Gag p6 domain abolished Vpr virion packaging. Single Ala substitutions for Phe15 and Phe17 also abolished Vpr virion packaging, whereas Ala substitution for Arg16 had no effect. Our studies have revealed a novel signal sequence for Vpr packaging into the HIV-1 virion. The 15FRFG domain in p6 resembles the FxFG repeat sequences commonly found in proteins of the nuclear pore complex. These results have provided novel insights into the process of virion packaging of Vpr and suggest for the first time that Vpr may recognize the FxFG domain for both virion packaging and association with nuclear pores.
Differential expression and function of IgA receptors (CD89 and CD71) during maturation of dendritic cells
Authors: Pasquier Benoit , Lepelletier Yves , Baude Cédric , Hermine Olivier , Monteiro Renato C 
Published: September 2004

AbstractDendritic cells (DC) are the most efficient antigen-presenting cells residing in mainly peripheral tissues. Antigen uptake by DC is particularly efficient, being mediated by various receptors such as lectin, scavenger receptors, and Fc receptors (FcRs). Immunoglobulin A (IgA) is part of the first-line immune barrier in mucosae, where DC are numerous. A member of the FcR family, FcαRI, is expressed on interstitial DC. We report here that monocyte-derived DC (Mo-DC) express another IgA receptor (IgA-R), the transferrin receptor (TfR), even in the absence of DC proliferation in vitro. Upon incubation with inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin (IL)-1β or maturating agents (lipopolysaccharide, CD40 ligand), FcαRI and TfR expression on Mo-DC was specifically up-regulated, whereas FcγRs and FcɛRI expression was down-regulated. Both IgA-Rs were functional, being able to mediate endocytosis by immature and activated Mo-DC. Although FcαRI internalized IgA complexes on both types of DC, TfR was only able to mediate IgA complex internalization by immature cells. Cross-linking of FcαRI but not of TfR resulted in up-regulation of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II/CD86 expression and secretion of IL-10 and IL-12 by immature Mo-DC. Moreover, in activated Mo-DC, cross-linking of FcαRI could up-regulated MHC class II/CD86 and triggered IL-10 secretion. Our findings led us to propose that FcαRI expressed by interstitial-type DC could play a critical role to sample IgA-recognized antigens and also during DC activation.
Rosiglitazone Enhances Glucose Tolerance by Mechanisms Other than Reduction of Fatty Acid Accumulation within Skeletal Muscle
Authors: Lessard Sarah J. , Giudice Sonia L. Lo , Lau Winnie , Reid Julianne J. , Turner Nigel , Febbraio Mark A. , Hawley John A. , Watt Matthew J. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractWe hypothesized that improved glucose tolerance with rosiglitazone treatment would coincide with decreased levels of im triacylglycerol (IMTG), diacylglycerol, and ceramide. Obese Zucker rats were randomly divided into two experimental groups: control (n = 9) and rosiglitazone (n = 9), with lean Zucker rats (n = 9) acting as a control group for obese controls. Rats received either vehicle or 3 mg/kg rosiglitazone for 6 wk. Glucose tolerance was impaired (P &lt; 0.01) in obese compared with lean rats, but was normalized after rosiglitazone treatment. IMTG content was higher in obese compared with lean rats (70.5 ± 5.1 vs. 27.5 ± 2.0 μmol/g dry mass; P &lt; 0.05) and increased an additional 30% (P &lt; 0.05) with rosiglitazone treatment. Intramuscular fatty acid composition shifted toward a higher proportion of monounsaturates (P &lt; 0.05) in obese rosiglitazone-treated rats due to an increase in palmitoleate (16:1; P &lt; 0.05). Rosiglitazone treatment increased (P &lt; 0.05) skeletal muscle diacylglycerol and ceramide levels by 65% and 100%, respectively, compared with obese rats, but elevated muscle diacylglycerol was not associated with changes in the total or membrane contents of the diacylglycerol-sensitive protein kinase C isoforms θ, δ, α, and β. In summary, we observed a disassociation among skeletal muscle IMTG, diacylglycerol and ceramide content, and glucose tolerance with rosiglitazone treatment in obese Zucker rats. Our data suggest, therefore, that rosiglitazone enhances glucose tolerance by mechanisms other than reduction of fatty acid accumulation within skeletal muscle.
An Evaluation of California's Adolescent Sibling Pregnancy Prevention Program
Authors: East Patricia , Kiernan Elizabeth , Chávez Gilberto 
Published: September 2004

CONTEXT: The siblings of adolescents who have been pregnant or are parents have disproportionately high rates of teenage pregnancies and births. California's Adolescent Sibling Pregnancy Prevention Program is targeted at these high‐risk youths.METHODS: An evaluation of the program was conducted in 1997–1999 with 1,176 predominantly Hispanic 11–17‐year‐olds who had at least one sibling who was an adolescent parent or had been pregnant–731 youths who were program clients and 445 youths who received no systematic services. All evaluation participants completed an interview and questionnaire at enrollment and again nine months later.RESULTS: Female program clients had a significantly lower pregnancy rate than comparison females over the evaluation period (4% vs. 7%), as well as a lower rate of sexual initiation (7% vs. 16%). They also significantly decreased their frequency of school truancy, whereas this outcome increased among comparison females; program females had significantly more definite intentions of remaining abstinent at posttest than comparison females. Consistency of contraceptive use increased over time among males in the program and decreased among comparison males. Delivery of group services was correlated with delayed onset of intercourse among males, and the receipt of services related to psychosocial skills was correlated with greater contraceptive use at last sex among all sexually experienced youth.CONCLUSIONS: This new program, which serves a population known to be at very high risk for early pregnancy, appears to be effective at reducing rates of pregnancy and improving several pregnancy‐related risk behaviors.
Family Planning Providers' Perspectives On Dual Protection
Authors: Mantell Joanne E. , Hoffman Susie , Exner Theresa M. , Stein Zena A. , Atkins Kim 
Published: September 2004

CONTEXT: Family planning providers can play an important role in helping women to identify their risk of HIV and other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and to adopt preventive measures. In‐depth investigation of providers' attitudes about approaches to STD risk assessment, contraceptive counseling and dual protection–concurrent protection from STDs and unintended pregnancy–has been limited.
METHODS: In semistructured interviews conducted in 1998, 22 health care providers from a large New York City agency offering contraceptive and STD services described how they balanced STD and pregnancy concerns, viewed risk assessment and assessed various contraceptive methods.
RESULTS: STD prevention was seen as an integral part of family planning counseling, and most providers believed that risk assessment should be conducted universally. Providers viewed dual protection as use of condoms along with an effective contraceptive; few advocated use of the male or female condom alone. The female condom was believed to be a disease prevention method of last resort and was considered appropriate only for specific groups of women. Although providers lacked understanding about the effectiveness of the female condom and how to counsel clients concerning its use, they expressed interest in learning more.
CONCLUSIONS: Training is needed to reduce providers' negative perceptions of the female condom and to reinforce the importance of individualized counseling tailored to women's specific circumstances. Studies are needed on how to encourage family planning providers to promote male and female condoms as effective contraceptive methods.
Shrinkage stress of wood during drying under superheated steam above 100°C
Authors: Cheng W. , Morooka T. , Liu Y. , Norimoto M. 
Published: September 2004

Abstract
In order to reduce the internal stress of wood during drying,
an attempt was made to dry wood with superheated
steam above 100°C. Sugi (Cryptomeria japonica D. Don)
wood specimens were dried with radial restraint using
superheated steam at up to 180°C, and the resulting
restrained shrinkage stress was examined. A load cell
capable of measuring shrinkage stress inside an autoclave
was developed and the shrinkage stress was
measured at temperatures from 80 to 180°C and a relative
humidity of 0% to 80%. It was found that the shrinkage
stress decreased dramatically with drying above
140°C and above 60% relative humidity. It was also
found that the shrinkage stress above 140°C occurred
even at 100% RH and was ascribed to the structural
change in cell-wall components.
Microstructure Response in Copper and Copper Alloys Irradiated with Fission Neutrons with Controlled Temperature Variations
Authors: Muroga T , Watanabe H 
Published: September 2004

Abstract
The effects of temperature variation on microstructural evolution were investigated for Cu, Cu-5Ni, Cu-3.5Zn, and Cu-5Ni-2Zn irradiated in JMTR and HFIR. The low temperature pre-irradiation at 477 K to 533 K was shown not to influence microstructural evolution significantly during the following irradiation at 613 K to 693 K. On the other hand, downward temperature shift during irradiation was shown to produce void formation in Cu and Cu-3.5Zn. The mechanism of the temperature variation effects was discussed based on the defect properties and the details of the temperature transient history during irradiation.
Creep Deformation in V-4Cr-4Ti in a Low-Oxygen Lithium Environment
Authors: Grossbeck ML 
Published: September 2004

Abstract
Vanadium alloys, especially V-Cr-Ti alloys, are candidates for first wall and blanket structures of fusion reactors. However, a major vulnerability of this class of alloys is the affinity for oxygen and other interstitial solutes. Oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and hydrogen can severely harden and embrittle vanadium alloys. Oxygen is particularly troublesome because of its prevalence and its relatively high diffusivity. In determining creep behavior, the effects of oxygen must be understood. In the present study, specimens, in the form of pressurized tubes, were exposed to liquid lithium, the coolant of choice for vanadium systems, at temperatures of 665, 765, and 800°C. Under these conditions, oxygen is removed from the vanadium alloy by the lithium. The data produced were compared with data from similar specimens tested in a high vacuum environment, where the oxygen level in the alloy is expected to slowly increase, at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory in order to evaluate the effect of oxygen. The Li-exposure resulted in higher creep rates and shorter rupture times. The effect was most clear at 800°C, where deformations 4–6 times higher were observed for the Li-exposed specimens.
Fracture Toughness and Atom Probe Characterization of a Highly Embrittled RPV Weld
Authors: Sokolov MA , Nanstad RK , Miller MK 
Published: September 2004

Abstract
The Heavy-Section Steel Irradiation Program at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) includes a task to investigate the shape of the fracture toughness master curve for reactor pressure vessel steel highly embrittled as a consequence of irradiation exposure. A radiation-sensitive reactor pressure vessel (RPV) weld with intentionally enhanced copper content, designed KS-01, is characterized in terms of static initiation (KIc, KJc) and Charpy impact toughness in the unirradiated and irradiated conditions. The objective of this project is to investigate the ability of highly embrittled material to maintain the shape of the unirradiated transition fracture toughness curve, as well as to examine the ability of the Charpy 41-J shift to predict the fracture toughness shift at such a high level of embrittlement. Irradiation of this weld was performed at the University of Michigan Ford Reactor. Specimens of KS-01 weld were irradiated to about 0.74 × 1019 neutron/cm2 at 288°C. Irradiation resulted in Charpy ductile-to-brittle transition temperature (DBTT) shift of 169°C. It was anticipated that this shift would result in a fracture toughness transition temperature (at 100 MPa√m) in the irradiated condition near or slightly above the pressurized thermal shock screening criterion for weld metals, ToPTS = 129°C. The fracture toughness characterization of KS-01 weld in the unirradiated and irradiated conditions was mainly performed by testing 1T C(T), although some 0.5T C(T) and precracked Charpy specimens were used in this study. The master curve analysis showed that this material exhibited shift of reference fracture toughness transition temperature, To, of 165°C as result of radiation, which is in remarkable agreement with Charpy DBTT shift. The absolute value of To in the irradiated condition was determined to be equal to 139°C. This weld exhibited a low ductile initiation toughness (JQ) after irradiation. It left a relatively narrow temperature window to examine the shape of the transition region. Irradiated median fracture toughness values up to 148 MPa√m follow the master curve shape. However, low toughness brittle fractures occurred at temperatures further above To (To + 61°C) than expected with a leveling of the KJc data from the master curve shape. The microstructure of the weld was characterized with the ORNL's energy-compensated optical position-sensitive atom probe. Atom probe tomography revealed a high number density (∼3 × 1024 m−3) of Cu-, Mn-, Ni-, Si-, and P-enriched precipitates and a lower number density (∼1 × 1023 m−3) of P clusters.