bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fetal cardiovascular and other defects induced by thalidomide in cats
Authors: Khera K. S. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractTimed pregnancies were induced in cats by synchronizing gonadotropin‐stimulated estrus and ovulation with natural mating. The cats were given daily oral doses of thalidomide as follows: 10 mg/kg on days 10‐20 of pregnancy, 240 mg/kg on days : 10–14, and 120, 240, and 480 mg/kg on days 15–17 or 18–20 of pregnancy. Feruses were delivered by cesarean section on day 44 or 45 or earlier if threatened abortion was considered imminent. A wide variety of cardiovascular anomalies was observed on gross and microscopic examination including the following: ventricular septal defect, right atrial distension primarily involving the coronary sinus, malpositioned great vessels, and narrowed left ventricular chamber with hypertrophied walls. The overall incidence of these anomalies appeared related to dose and treatment period.
Teratogenic effects in early chick embryos of solanine and glycoalkaloids from potatoes infected with late‐blight, Phytophthora infestans
Authors: Mun A. M. , Barden E. S. , Wilson J. M. , Hogan J. M. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractSolanine or a preparation of mixed glycoalkaloids from potatoes naturally infected with the late‐blight fungus, Phytophthora infestans, was injected into fertile chicken eggs between 0 and 26 h of incubation, before formation of the neural tube. The embryos were examined after a total of 72 h of incubation. Various abnormalities were found, the most conspicuous being absence of the tail or trunk below the wing bud (rumplessness). A statistically significant proportion of the abnormal embryos showed malformations that seemed to be related to this condition; these included fluid‐ or blood‐filled vesicles in the lower trunk or tail region on one or both sides of the neural tube. Such abnormalities were not observed in control embryos.
Teratogenesis in cats associated with griseofulvin therapy
Authors: Scott F. W. , de Lahunta A. , Schultz R. D. , Bistner S. I. , Riis R. C. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractMultiple congenital malformations occurred in kittens of three cats treated orally at weekly intervals with 500–1000 mg of the antifungal drug griseofulvin. Malformations of the brain included exencephaly, malformed prosencephalon, caudal displacement, and hydrocephalus. Skeletal malformations included cranium bifidium, spina bifida (C1 through C4, and sacral), abnormal atlantooccipital articulation, cleft palate, absence of maxillae, and lack of tail vertebrae. Cyclopia and anophthalmia with absence of optic nerves and rudimentary optic tracts were also observed. Atresia ani, atresia coli, lack of atrioventricular valves in the heart, and absence of external nares and soft palate were other abnormalities present.
Surface defects in ventricular cells of brains of mouse embryos homozygous for the Loop‐tail gene: Scanning electron microscopic study
Authors: Wilson Doris Burda , Michael Sandra Dale 
Published: June 2005

AbstractLuminal surfaces in the mesencephalon and rhombencephalon in normal mouse embryos and those homozygous for Loop‐tail were studied by means of scanning electron microscopy. Ventricular cells in the ventrolateral regions of normal day‐10 and ‐11 brains showed single apical cilia and microvilli, whereas those in ventromedial regions showed a dense network of microvilli and bulbous projections which tended to obscure the apical cilia and cellular outlines. Similar regional differences occurred in the Loop‐tail brains, although there was a marked decrease in the number and density of microvilli and bulbous projections. At days 12–14 of gestation the latter brains also showed a flattening of cell surfaces, shallow depressions, and craterlike ruptures in the plasma membrane.
Cryptorchism and related defects in dogs: Epidemiologic comparisons with man
Authors: Pendergrass Thomas W. , Hayes Howard M. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractIn a study of 1266 dogs with cryptorchism from a large clinic/ hospital series 8 breeds were found to be at excess risk of the defect and 3 breeds at significantly low risk. Review of the medical histories revealed that hip dysplasia, patellar dislocation, defects of the penis and prepuce, and umbilical hernia were excessively associated with cryptorchism. Testicular tumors were diagnosed 10.9 times more commonly among cryptorchid dogs. The epidemiologic features of canine cryptorchism were compared with those in man. Cryptorchid dogs could be used as models for etiologic research.
Analysis of limb anomalies induced in vitro by vitamin A (retinol) in mice
Authors: Nakamura Harukazu 
Published: June 2005

AbstractForelimb buds of day 11 ICR‐JCL mouse embryos were cultured on liquid medium consisting of 90% Eagle's MEM and 10% fetal calf serum. Experimental medium contained 10 iu/ml vitamin A alcohol (retinol). In controls four or five metacarpals chondrified and the epidermis began to keratinize after 3–4 days of culturing. In experimental explants many pycnotic cells were observed in the peripheral mesenchyme in the hand plate, especially in pre‐ and postaxial regions. Only 2–3 metacarpals chondrified, and keratinization was inhibited in the experimental explants. Uptake of labeled sulfate was suppressed by vitamin A. Excess vitamin A is thus thought (1) to act directly on limb buds, and thereby to induce limb anomalies, (2) to induce cell death in the mesenchyme, (3) to suppress the formation of chondroitin sulfate, and (4) to inhibit keratinization.
Mitigation of caffeine‐induced teratogenicity in mice by prior chronic caffeine ingestion
Authors: Terada Mitsuyo , Nishimura Hideo 
Published: June 2005

AbstractPregnant A/J female mice, which had drunk tap water or a 0.05% caffeine solution for 8‐19 weeks after weaning, were each injected sc with 150 or 250 mg/kg caffeine once on day 13 of gestation. After 150 mg/kg caffeine the frequencies at term of fetal death, external malformation, and subcutaneous hematomas were significantly lower in the caffeine‐ than water‐drinking group. After 250 mg/kg caffeine the frequency of fetal death but not of malformations and hematomas was lower in the group with caffeine pretreatment. These findings were explained by assuming that long‐term ingestion of caffeine induced an increased rate of degradation of caffeine administered during pregnancy.
Evaluation of the teratological potential of hexachlorophene in rabbits and rats
Authors: Kennedy Gerald L. , Smith Sandra H. , Keplinger M. L. , Calandra J. C. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractHexachlorophene was given orally on days 6–15 of gestation to CD rats (15 or 30 mg/kg/day) and on days 6–18 to NZW rabbits (3 or 6 mg/ kg/day). The weight gain of pregnant animals receiving the higher dosages was reduced. There was no increase in prenatal death. The lower dosages produced no detectable teratogenic response. Rat fetuses exposed to 30 mg/kg had a low frequency of eye defects (4/219 microphthalmia and anophthalmia) and skeletal defects (10/209 angulated ribs). Rabbit fetuses exposed to 6 mg/kg showed no increase in soft‐tissue anomalies but skeletal changes (ribs) occurred in 3/175 fetuses. The teratological response to hexachlorophene, at oral dosages approaching those resulting in maternal death, was therefore minimal.
The relation between maternal restraint and food deprivation, plasma corticosterone, and induction of cleft palate in the offspring of mice
Authors: Barlow Susan M. , McElhatton Patricia R. , Sullivan Frank M. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe blood level of corticosterone was measured in mice following the injection on day 14 of pregnancy of a dose of corticosterone sufficient to cause a low frequency of cleft palate in the fetuses. This was compared with the blood levels present during maternal restraint and food deprivation that produced a similar frequency of cleft palate. The mean blood level over the 24 h following injection of corticosterone was 660 μg/100 ml, and during a similar period of restraint was 485 μg/100 ml. Other mice were subjected either to restraint or food deprivation for 24 h beginning day 14 of pregnancy, the plasma corticosterone levels measured during that time, and the frequency of cleft palate in late fetuses compared with the individual plasma corticosterone levels during treatment. There was a significant (P < 0,025) correlation between high maternal corticosteroid levels and the frequency of cleft palate in the offspring of the restrained mice but not in the food‐deprived animals. It is suggested that in some stressed mice endogenous plasma corticosterone can reach levels sufficient to account for the development of cleft palate.
Pre‐ and postnatal toxicity induced in guinea pigs by N‐nitrosomethylurea
Authors: Hasumi K. , Wilber J. H. , Berkowitz J. , Wilber R. G. , Epstein S. S. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractOral administration of N‐nitrosorn ethyl urea at maximally tolerated doses to guinea pigs on alternate days from days 34–58 of pregnancy induced prenatal toxicity, as evidenced by a high frequency of stillbirths and intrauterine growth retardation, and postnatal toxicity, as evidenced by stunting and progressive mortality. Similar administration of N‐nitrosomethylurethane at maximally tolerated doses did not induce such toxic effects.
The effects of exogenous cortisone acetate on development (especially skeletal development) and on circulating levels of corticosteroids in chick embryos
Authors: Hall B. K. , Kalliecharan R. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractChick embryos were treated with cortisone acetate on day 8 of incubation and the subsequent growth of the whole embryo and the development of the tibia studied to day 18 of incubation. Cortisone, at 10 ng to 2 mg/embryo decreased general body growth; above 0.5 mg/embryo it also retarded morphogenesis by as much as 3 Hamilton‐Hamburger stages; and above 1 mg/embryo gross abnormalities were produced. The growth and differentiation of the tibia were affected to a greater extent than was the whole body. The reductions in tibial and total body weight were not linearly related to dose of cortisone injected. The exogenous cortisone acetate resulted in drastic alterations in the circulating levels of cortisone, cortisol, corticosterone, and progesterone, but plasma progesterone level was most readily correlated with the growth retardation. This study emphasizes that avian embryos can readily compensate for exogenous corticosteroids and that caution must be exercised when attributing causality to the substance administered.
An unusual two‐tailed mouse
Authors: Nash Donald J. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractA malformation that resulted in the formation of 2 complete tails is described in a mouse that was heterozygous for the sex‐linked gene Bent‐tail (Bn). One of the tails appeared normal and contained 29 vertebrae, whereas the other tail consisted of 27 vertebrae and bad several bends or kinks in it and also had malformed vertebrae similar to those described for the Bn gene. A comparison of the malformation with previously described bifurcated tail conditions in the mouse is presented. It is possible that this 2‐tailed mouse represents a special case of X‐chromosome inactivation.
Influence of low‐intensity ultrasonic irradiation on prenatal development of two inbred mouse strains
Authors: Shoji Ryujiro , Murakami Ujihiro , Shimizu Tetsuya 
Published: June 2005

AbstractEffects of low‐intensity ultrasonic Irradiation on prenatal development of DHS and A/HeMk mice were studied. On day 8 of gestation(VP day = 0) pregnant females were exposed to ultrasonic waves with a frequency of 2.25 MHz and power of 40 mW/cm2 for 5 h, A low Frequency of severe cranial and facial anomalies occurred that was attributable to the irradiation in both strains, The differencc in frequency of malformed fetuses was marked betweetn irradiated and untreated control A/HeMk mice, but not DHS mice. Fetal growth inhibition and death were also produced in both strains, although the possible effect of binding the pregnant mice for irradiation cannot be discounted.
Prenatal exposure to oral contraceptives and transposition of the great vessels in man
Authors: Yasuda Mineo , Miller James R. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe hypothesis that female sex hormones in the first trimester of pregnancy are causally related to transposition of the great vessels (TGV) was tested by a retrospective study of 135 cases of TGV ascertained through the British Colunnbia Health Surveillance Registry. During 1962‐1972 there was no increase in the annual incidence rates of TGV. Analysis of questionnaires completed on 58 cases revealed no definite association between inadvertent use of oral contraceptives or other sex hormones during early pregnancy and TGV.
Prenatal epidemiology of spontaneous cleft lip and palate, open eyelid, and embryonic death in A/J mice
Authors: Kalter Harold 
Published: June 2005

AbstractNongenetic bases of variability in the frequencies of spontaneous cleft lip and palate (CLP), open eyelid (OL), and fetal resorption were searched for in A/J mouse litters of prenatal ages 17‐21 days post‐VP and parities 1‐7. The malformation rates did not decrease with advancing fetal age, and hence prenatal elimination does not account for the lower rates seen in newborns. Multivariate analysis indicated that the frequencies of CLP and resorption were inversely related to maternal age and directly related to litter size, and that the frequency of OL was related, directly, only to litter size; but that none were associated with maternal weight, parity, and several other variables. Regarding uterine location, the frequency of CLP was higher at the ovarian and cervical sites, OL higher at the cervical site, and resorption lower at the ovarian site, than elsewhere. CLP was significantly commoner in females, and OL commoner in males; also, since the percentage of males increased with parity, the frequency of CLP in males relative to that in females decreased with parity, and that of OL increased. Malformed offspring weighed less than normal ones; and the sex with the lower frequency of CLP or OL had the greater weight reduction. The results are discussed in relation to the frequency of malformations in human fetuses and newborns.
Cellular and biochemical aspects of growth retardation in rat fetuses induced by maternal administration of selected anticancer agents
Authors: Chaube Shakuntala , Swinyard Chester A. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractSingle ip injections of 600 mg/kg 5‐(3,3‐dimethyl‐1‐triazeno)‐imidazole‐4‐carboxamide (DIC) and 900 mg/kg 5‐ [3,3‐bis(2‐chlorethyl)‐1‐tria‐zeno] ‐imidazole‐4‐carboxamide (BIC) were given to pregnant Wistar rats at day 12 and the animals were killed 4 hafter injection and at days 13–17 of gestation. Fetal tissues were used to determine total DNA, RNA, and protein and the data used to derive cell number and cell weight, RNA, and protein/ cell, Both compounds reduced total fetal body weight, DNA, RNA, and protein But reduction of RNA by BIC was not statistically significant These effects were observed 4 h after injection, increased with age (days 13‐17X and were 3‐4 times greater for DIC than BIC. By using the value of 6.2 μμg DNA/ cell, cell number and percell values for weight, RNA, and protein, and weight: DNA, RNA: DNA, and protein: DNA ratios were coinputed. The percell values and ratios in the DIC‐exposed animals were 8–44% greater and in BIC‐treated animals 0–11% greater than control animals of the same gestational age. Percentage of body water was the same in the experimental and control animals. The differences in DNA, RNA, and protein are believed to be related to drug‐induced growth retardation incident to total fetal DNA reduction resulting in diminished cell number.
Cholinomimetic teratogens. II. Interaction with inorganic ions
Authors: Landauer Walter 
Published: June 2005

AbstractTreatment of chieken embryos after 96 h of incubation showed that the teratogenie activity of the cholinomimetic compounds carbachol, neo‐stigmine, decamethonium, and tetramethylammonium is reduced in the presence of calcium acetate. Similarly, supplementation with potassium acetate reduced the teratogenicity of carbachol and tetramethylammonium.
Pattern of anomalies following single oral doses of ethylenethiourea to pregnant rats
Authors: Ruddick Joseph A. , Khera K. S. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractSingle oral administration to rats of 240 mg/kg ethylenethiourea on days 10–21 of gestation produced viseer al anomalies involving the nervous, urogenitalt and ocular systems. and osseous anomalies affecting the axial and appendicular skeletons. The types of anomalies and organs affected were dependent on the stage of prenatal devolopment at the time of treatment.
Successive spontaneous abortions with diverse chromosomal aberrations in human translocation heterozygote
Authors: Kohn G. , Ornoy A. , Ben‐Tsur Z. , Sadovsky E. , Cohen M. M. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractA patient who had 3 first‐trimester spontaneous abortions (blighted ova) was found to be carrying a balanced 13/14 Robertsonian translocation. In the 2 cases cytogenetically analyzed, different chromosomal aberrations were found (trisomy 16 and supernumerary D elements). Histologic examination of the placentas of all 3 abortions revealed hypovascular or avas‐cular villi, hydropic degeneration, and occasional atypical stromal (Hofbaucr‐like) cells. In 2 cases the decidua was examined by light microscopy and was diffusely inflamed with a plasmolymphocytic infiltrate. The relation of the maternal translocation to the repeated abortions with chromosome anomalies is discussed.
Studies of the development of congenital anomalies in rats. III. Effects of inhibition of mitochondrial energy systems on embryonic development
Authors: Mackler Bruce , Grace Richard , Tippit Doris F. , Lemire Ronald J. , Shepard Thomas H. , Kelley Vincent C. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractPregnant rats were treated with various Inhibitors of mitochondrial oxidative energy metabolisrn and with lowered oxygen tension, and the embryo fetuses examined for the occurrence of congenitaj malformations and for changes in enzymatic activities. Treatmcnt with all agents tested resuhed in the production of skeietal anomalies. Sodium phenobarbital was tbe most teratogenic of the drugs tested and produced a high incidence of malformations which included cleft palate tail anomalies, spinal retroflexion, domed head, and facial hypoplasia. Diphenylhydantoin produced a low incidence of syndactyly and oligodactyly. In addition to its effects on fetal growth and development chloramphenicol appeared to interfere with implantation. Tissue preparations from embryos exposed to sodium phenobarbital and chloramphenicol showed markedly lowered levels of DPNH oxidase activky. Cytochrome oxidase activjty was also markedly lowered in the preparations from chlorainphenicol‐exposed embryos. Enzyme activities in preparations from embryos exposed to malonate and diphenylhydantoin appeared unaffected, although the drugs are strong inhibitors of electron transport in vitro; the lack of apparent effect may be due to the fact tbat both drugs do not bind to the enzyme preparations and were diluted 100‐ to 200‐fold during preparation and assay of the tissue homogenates.
The teratogenic effects in rabbits of doxycycline, dissolved in polyvinylpyrrolidone, injected into the yolk sac
Authors: Claussen Uwe , Breuer Hans‐Willi 
Published: June 2005

AbstractA technique was developed for injecting agents into the yolk sac of rabbits to study their teratogenic effects, On the 9th day of gestation the rabbits were laparotomized during ether‐oxygen narcosis, The test substance was injected into the yolk sacs in one horn of the uterus, and as control the corresponding solvent was iryected into the other horn. On the 28th day of gestation the rabbits were killed, resorptions coumcd, and fetuses examined for maliormations. Three series of studies were made; physioiogical saline; polyvinylpyrrolidone; and doxycycline dissolved in Polyvinylpyrrolidone (DIP). The rate of resorptions and malformations significantly increased after injection of Vibravenos, As polyvinylpyrrolidone was not teratogenic it is concluded that the teratogenic effects of DIP were probablily caused by doxycycline.
Diagnosis of human fetal abnormalities by fetography
Authors: Suzumori Kaoru , Yagami Yoshiaki 
Published: June 2005

AbstractBeing able to detect fetal abnormalities that may be associated with hydramnios would be extremely useful, especially when diabetes mellitus, Rh isoimmunization, and multiple pregnancy are ruled out. For this purpose the new technique of fetography, consisting of injecting a small amount of 2 radioque media (liposoluble and hydrosoluble), was used. Four out of 6 fetuses were correctly predicted to be abnormal. They were 1 case of esophageal atresia, 1 of suspicious chromosomal abnormality (after birth it was confirmed as having the Smith‐Lemli‐Opitz syndrome), and 2 of trisomy 18. It is felt that this simple technique should be used as an aid to the obstetrician faced with the problem of determining the basis of unexplained hydramnios.
Some sources of nongenetic variability in steroid‐induced cleft palate in mice
Authors: Kalter Harold 
Published: June 2005

AbstractC57BL/6JKt female mice mated to A/JKt males were each injected im with 50 mg/kg triamcinolone 13 days post‐VP, and the roles of a number of nongenetic factors underlying variability in the frequency of cleft palate (CP) induced in the fetuses were analyzed. Litter size and number of young per uterine horn, overall, were not significantly related to the CP rate. But nearly one‐quarter of litters (almost all larger‐sized ones) contained CP rates deviating from — mostly less than — expected on a random basis. Analysis of litters with deviant CP distribution, as well as of all suitable litters, indicated that only maternal treatment‐day weight was significantly associated, inversely, with CP frequency — in spite of the treatment dosage having been weight‐based. There was no clear relation between the CP and resorption rates; but litters with deviant CP distribution had a significantly greater resorption rate than the others. Fetal weight was inversely related to CP rate even in litters of uniform size. Fetuses occupying uterine positions immediately caudal to those with CP had a significantly higher CP rate than those next to normals, and conceptuses caudal to resorptuses a significantly higher resorption rate than those next to surviving fetuses; but the reverse was not true: CP and resorption rates were not greater in those next to resorptuses and surviving fetuses, respectively.
A 94‐mm human fetus with the VACTERL association of anomalies
Authors: Paradice B. A. , Poland B. J. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractA spontaneously aborted human male fetus of 94 mm crown‐rump length had multiple malformations including atresia of the esophagus with tracheoesophageal fistula, anorectal agenesis, anomalies of the heart and great vessels, kidneys, bladder, and left testis, and a single umbilical artery. This association of defects has not previously been described in a fetus at this immature stage of development.
Association of congenital heart defects with season and population density
Authors: Rothman Kenneth J. , Fyler Donald C. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractInfants born in New England with congenital heart defects were examined for association with time of year or population density. Moderate seasonal peaks in births were noted for complex ventricular septal defect, malposition defects, and transposition of the great arteries. Positive associations with population density were found for pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect, ventricular septal defect with secondary anomalies, and tricuspid atresia.