bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differential Sensitivities of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) Coronavirus Spike Polypeptide Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) and SARS Coronavirus Nucleocapsid Protein ELISA for Serodiagnosis of SARS Coronavirus Pneumonia
Authors: Woo Patrick C. Y. , Lau Susanna K. P. , Wong Beatrice H. L. , Tsoi Hoi-wah , Fung Ami M. Y. , Kao Richard Y. T. , Chan Kwok-hung , Peiris J. S. Malik , Yuen Kwok-yung 
Published: July 2005

ABSTRACT

The use of recombinant severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus (SARS-CoV) nucleocapsid protein (N) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)-based antibody and antigen tests for diagnosis of SARS-CoV infections have been widely reported. However, no recombinant SARS-CoV spike protein (S)-based ELISA is currently available. In this article, we describe the problems and solutions of setting up the recombinant SARS-CoV S-based ELISA for antibody detection. The SARS-CoV S-based immunoglobulin M (IgM) and IgG ELISAs were evaluated and compared with the corresponding N-based ELISA for serodiagnosis of SARS-CoV pneumonia, using sera from 148 healthy blood donors who donated blood 3 years ago as controls and 95 SARS-CoV pneumonia patients in Hong Kong. Results obtained by the recombinant S (rS)-based IgG ELISA using the regenerated S prepared by dialysis with decreasing concentrations of urea or direct addition of different coating buffers, followed by addition of different regeneration buffer, identified 4 M urea and 1 M sarcosine for plate coating and no regeneration buffer as the most optimal conditions for antibody detection. The specificities of the S-based ELISA for IgG and IgM detection were 98.6% and 93.9%, with corresponding sensitivities of 58.9% and 74.7%, respectively. The sensitivity of the rN IgG ELISA (94.7%) is significantly higher than that of the rS IgG ELISA (
P
< 0.001), whereas the sensitivity of the rS IgM ELISA is significantly higher than that of the rN IgM ELISA (55.2%) (
P
< 0.01). An ELISA for detection of IgM against S and N could be more sensitive than one that detects IgM against N alone for serodiagnosis of SARS-CoV pneumonia.
Isolation and Epidemiology of Falcon Adenovirus
Authors: Oaks J. Lindsay , Schrenzel Mark , Rideout Bruce , Sandfort Cal 
Published: July 2005

ABSTRACT

An adenovirus was detected by electron microscopy in tissues from falcons that died during an outbreak of inclusion body hepatitis and enteritis that affected neonatal Northern aplomado (
Falco femoralis septentrionalis
) and peregrine (
Falco peregrinus anatum
) falcons. Molecular characterization has identified the falcon virus as a new member of the aviadenovirus group (M. Schrenzel, J. L. Oaks, D. Rotstein, G. Maalouf, E. Snook, C. Sandfort, and B. Rideout, J. Clin. Microbiol.
43:
3402-3413, 2005). In this study, the virus was successfully isolated and propagated in peregrine falcon embryo fibroblasts, in which it caused visible and reproducible cytopathology. Testing for serum neutralizing antibodies found that infection with this virus was limited almost exclusively to falcons. Serology also found that wild and captive peregrine falcons had high seropositivity rates of 80% and 100%, respectively, although clinical disease was rarely reported in this species. These data implicate peregrine falcons as the natural host and primary reservoir for the virus. Other species of North American falcons, including aplomado falcons, had lower seropositivity rates of 43 to 57%. Falcon species of tropical and/or island origin were uniformly seronegative, although deaths among adults of these species have been described, suggesting they are highly susceptible. Chickens and quail were uniformly seronegative and not susceptible to infection, indicating that fowl were not the source of infection. Based on the information from this study, the primary control of falcon adenovirus infections should be based on segregation of carrier and susceptible falcon species.
Identification of Unique Bacterial Gene Segments from
Streptococcus mutans
with Potential Relevance to Dental Caries by Subtraction DNA Hybridization
Authors: Saxena Deepak , Li Yihong , Caufield Page W. 
Published: July 2005

ABSTRACT

Using DNA subtractive hybridization, 49 unique gene segments were identified from a strain of
Streptococcus mutans
that was isolated from a patient with severe early childhood caries (S-ECC). Further hybridization with DNA from other
S. mutans
strains isolated from both caries-active and caries-free subjects yielded five unique sequences of DNA common to strains associated with S-ECC.
High Fatality Rate of Epstein-Barr Virus-Associated Lymphoproliferative Disorder Occurring after Bone Marrow Transplantation with Rabbit Antithymocyte Globulin Conditioning Regimens
Authors: Peres E. , Savasan S. , Klein J. , Abidi M. , Dansey R. , Abella E. 
Published: July 2005

ABSTRACT
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated lymphoproliferative disorder (EBV-LPD) following bone marrow transplantation can be fatal. The major risk factors for the development of EBV-LPD are ex vivo T-cell depletion or in vivo T-cell depletion with either antithymocyte globulin (ATG) or monoclonal anti-T-cell antibodies. Between March 1999 and January 2001, a total of 23 transplants with ATG of equine source (20 transplants) and ATG of rabbit source (3 transplants) used as part of the preparatory regimen were performed at the Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute in Detroit, Mich. The three patients who received rabbit ATG developed EBV-LPD between 60 and 90 days following bone marrow transplantation. However, there were no cases of EBV-LPD in the equine group. Treatment given in these cases consisted of tapering immunosuppression, antiviral therapy, unprocessed donor lymphocyte infusion, mobilized peripheral blood progenitor cell rescue infusion (one patient), and chemotherapy (one patient). All three patients died of complications from EBV-LPD. The association of rabbit ATG with the development of EBV-LPD suggests that patients receiving rabbit ATG as part of their preparatory regimens require close monitoring of the EBV viral load and possible early intervention with antiviral therapy.
Zur religiösen Codierung moderner Ernährung. Ayurvedische Koch- und Ernährungsbücher als Lebensratgeber
Authors: Koch Anne 
Published: July 2005

AbstractThe article surveys German-language ayurvedic cooking and nutrition books from 1990 until today. The semantic analysis reveals a market diversification that corresponds to the following categories: health, diet, spirituality, and individualism. These are main attractors of Ayurveda along with its promises of holistic balance and cosmological integration. Because this development can be interpreted as a reaction to the Western scientific formation of "Ayurveda" within popular life advice literature, this essay uses the concept of reflexive nutrition as derived from M. Stausberg's reflexive ritualization (ZRGG 1/2003). Furthermore, the success of these books indicates an absence of Christian dietetics in Germany's religion landscape.
Revision Surgery for Failed Thermal Capsulorrhaphy
Authors: Park Hyung Bin , Yokota Atsushi , Gill Harpreet S. , El Rassi George , McFarland Edward G. 
Published: July 2005

Background With the failure of thermal capsulorrhaphy for shoulder instability, there have been concerns with capsular thinning and capsular necrosis affecting revision surgery. Purpose To report the findings at revision surgery for failed thermal capsulorrhaphy and to evaluate the technical effects on subsequent revision capsular plication. Study Design Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods Fourteen patients underwent arthroscopic evaluation and open reconstruction for a failed thermal capsulorrhaphy. The cause of the failure, the quality of the capsule, and the ability to suture the capsule were recorded. The patients were evaluated at follow-up for failure, which was defined as recurrent subluxations or dislocations. Results The origin of the instability was traumatic (n = 6) or atraumatic (n = 8). At revision surgery in the traumatic group, 4 patients sustained failure of the Bankart repair with capsular laxity, and the others experienced capsular laxity alone. In the atraumatic group, all patients experienced capsular laxity as the cause of failure. Of the 14 patients, the capsule quality was judged to be thin in 5 patients and ablated in 1 patient. A glenoid-based capsular shift could be accomplished in all 14 patients. At follow-up (mean, 35.4 months; range, 22 to 48 months), 1 patient underwent revision surgery and 1 patient had a subluxation, resulting in a failure rate of 14%. Conclusions Recurrent capsular laxity after failed thermal capsular shrinkage is common and frequently associated with capsular thinning. In most instances, the capsule quality does not appear to technically affect the revision procedure.
Age and Gender Effects on Lower Extremity Kinematics of Youth Soccer Players in a Stop-Jump Task
Authors: Yu Bing , McClure Scott B. , Onate James A. , Guskiewicz Kevin M. , Kirkendall Donald T. , Garrett William E. 
Published: July 2005

Background Gender differences in lower extremity motion patterns were previously identified as a possible risk factor for non-contact anterior cruciate ligament injuries in sports. Hypothesis Gender differences in lower extremity kinematics in the stop-jump task are functions of age for youth soccer players between 11 and 16 years of age. Study Design Descriptive laboratory study. Methods Three-dimensional videographic data were collected for 30 male and 30 female adolescent soccer players between 11 and 16 years of age performing a stop-jump task. The age effects on hip and knee joint angular motions were compared between genders using multiple regression analyses with dummy variables. Results Gender and age have significant interaction effects on standing height (P = .00), body mass (P = .00), knee flexion angle at initial foot contact with the ground (P = .00), maximum knee flexion angle (P = .00), knee valgus-varus angle (P = .00), knee valgus-varus motion (P = .00), and hip flexion angle at initial foot contact with the ground (P = .00). Conclusion Youth female recreational soccer players have decreased knee and hip flexion angles at initial ground contact and decreased knee and hip flexion motions during the landing of the stop-jump task compared to those of their male counterparts. These gender differences in knee and hip flexion motion patterns of youth recreational soccer players occur after 12 years of age and increase with age before 16 years. Clinical Relevance The results of this study provide significant information for research on the prevention of noncontact anterior cruciate ligament injuries.
The Resisted Supination External Rotation Test
Authors: Myers Thomas H. , Zemanovic Jason R. , Andrews James R. 
Published: July 2005

Purpose To evaluate a new clinical test, the resisted supination external rotation test, for the diagnosis of superior labral anterior posterior lesions of the shoulder. Study Design Cohort study (diagnosis); Level of evidence, 2. Methods Forty athletes (average age, 23.9 years) with activity-related shoulder pain were enrolled in the study. The patients underwent 3 different tests designed specifically to detect superior labral anterior posterior lesions (the resisted supination external rotation test, the crank test, and the active compression test); the tests were performed in a random order on the affected shoulder. The results of the tests were compared with arthroscopic findings. Results Out of 40 athletes, 29 (72.5%) had superior labral anterior posterior tears. The resisted supination external rotation test had the highest sensitivity (82.8%), specificity (81.8%), positive predictive value (92.3%), negative predictive value (64.3%), and diagnostic accuracy (82.5%) of all tests performed. Conclusion By re-creating the peel-back mechanism, the resisted supination external rotation test is more accurate than 2 other commonly used physical examination tests designed to diagnose superior labral anterior posterior tears in overhead-throwing athletes. By using this test in the context of a thorough clinical history and physical examination, lesions of the superior labrum can be more reliably diagnosed.
Comparison of Home versus Physical Therapy-Supervised Rehabilitation Programs after Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Grant John A. , Mohtadi Nicholas G. H. , Maitland Murray E. , Zernicke Ronald F. 
Published: July 2005

Background Because of health care funding and policy changes, there is a need to examine the effects of an evolution toward patient-directed (ie, home-based) rehabilitation programs on clinical outcomes of patients undergoing anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Hypothesis There will be no difference in the effectiveness of a home-based rehabilitation program and a standard physical therapy-supervised rehabilitation program in patients 3 months after nonacute anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with bone-patellar tendon-bone grafts. Study Design Randomized controlled clinical trial; Level of evidence, 1. Methods There were 145 patients (16-59 years) who attended a presurgery education class. Home-based patients attended 4 physical therapy sessions, and physical therapy-supervised patients attended 17 physical therapy sessions over the first 12 weeks after surgery. All patients followed the same standardized rehabilitation program. Study outcome measures included active-assisted knee flexion and passive knee extension range of motion, knee range of motion during walking, KT computerized arthrometer results, and isokinetic quadriceps and hamstrings strength. Patient outcomes were dichotomized as either clinically acceptable or unacceptable. Rehabilitation programs were compared by the proportion of acceptable patients in each group. Results The home-based group had a significantly higher percentage of patients with acceptable flexion and extension range of motion compared to the standard physical therapy group (flexion, 67% vs 47%; extension, 97% vs 83%). There were no significant differences between the groups in range of motion during walking, ligament laxity, and strength. Conclusion A structured, minimally supervised rehabilitation program was more effective in achieving acceptable knee range of motion in the first 3 months after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction than a standard physical therapy-based program. Clinical Relevance Recreational athletes undergoing nonacute anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction can successfully reach acceptable rehabilitation goals in the first 3 months after surgery with a limited number of purposeful physical therapy education sessions, allowing recreational athletes more flexibility when integrating the necessary postoperative rehabilitation into their daily activities.
Medial Collateral Ligament Reconstruction Using Autogenous Hamstring Tendons
Authors: Yoshiya Shinichi , Kuroda Ryosuke , Mizuno Kiyonori , Yamamoto Tetsuji , Kurosaka Masahiro 
Published: July 2005

Background Although various surgical procedures that attempt to restore the function of the medial collateral ligament have been reported, none have achieved consistently satisfactory results. Hypothesis Our reconstructive procedure using autogenous semitendinosus and gracilis tendons yields improved results compared with conventional procedures. Study Design Case series. Level of evidence, 4. Method In our surgical procedure, autogenous semitendinosus and gracilis tendons were used to anatomically reconstruct the anterior longitudinal component of the superficial medial collateral ligament. From April 1995 through December 2000, 27 patients with symptomatic medial instability underwent this surgical procedure. The majority of the subjects were diagnosed with combined cruciate ligament injuries, necessitating concomitant cruciate ligament reconstructions. Of these 27 patients, 24 were evaluated after a minimum period of 2 years, with a mean follow-up period of 27 months (range, 24-48 months). Results At follow-up, medial stability, as well as postoperative range of motion in all patients, was graded as normal or nearly normal according to the International Knee Documentation Committee evaluation system. No significant postoperative complications were encountered. Conclusion Although this is a short-term follow-up study involving a small number of cases, we considered our procedure to be an effective method of surgically restoring the function of the medial collateral ligament.
Prevalence and Variance of Shoulder Injuries in Elite Collegiate Football Players
Authors: Kaplan Lee D. , Flanigan David C. , Norwig John , Jost Patrick , Bradley James 
Published: July 2005

Background Shoulder injuries are the fourth most common musculoskeletal injury encountered in American football players. There is little information in the literature on the role of playing position in the type of shoulder injuries seen. Hypothesis There is a high prevalence of shoulder injuries in elite collegiate American football players, with type of injury varying by playing position. Study Design Cohort study (prevalence); Level of evidence, 3. Methods A total of 336 elite collegiate American football players were invited to the National Football League Combine for physical testing and medical evaluation. Current and historical data were evaluated for the purpose of this study, and all players underwent radiographic examinations, including plain radiographs and/or magnetic resonance imaging when necessary. All shoulder pathological conditions and shoulder surgical procedures were recorded. Players were categorized by position for the analysis of position-specific trends. Results Of the players, 50% had a history of shoulder injuries, with a total of 226 shoulder injuries (1.3 injuries per player injured); 56 players (34%) had a total of 73 surgeries. The most common injuries were acromioclavicular separation (41%), anterior instability (20%), rotator cuff injury (12%), clavicle fracture (4%), and posterior instability (4%). The most common surgeries performed were anterior instability reconstruction (48%), Mumford/Weaver-Dunn surgery (15%), posterior instability surgery (10%), and rotator cuff surgery (10%). Shoulder injuries were more common in quarterbacks and defensive backs. Surgery was more common in linebackers or linemen. A history of anterior instability was more common in defensive players, with surgery required 76% of the time. Linemen had more rotator cuff injuries and posterior instability than players in other positions. Conclusion Shoulder injuries are common injuries in elite collegiate football players, with one-third undergoing surgical procedures. There are definitive trends in the types of injuries per player position.
Functional Outcome and Health-Related Quality of Life after Surgical Repair of Full-Thickness Rotator Cuff Tear Using a Mini-Open Technique
Authors: Baysal Deniz , Balyk Robert , Otto David , Luciak-Corea Charlene , Beaupre Lauren 
Published: July 2005

Background Rotator cuff tear, a common shoulder injury, can lead to shoulder pain and functional loss. Hypothesis Surgical repair of full-thickness rotator cuff tears using the mini-open surgical technique will improve shoulder function and health-related quality of life. Study Design Cohort study. Level of evidence, 2. Methods Patients with a full-thickness rotator cuff tear who underwent a mini-open repair were evaluated for (1) active shoulder range of motion preoperatively, and 6 months and 12 months postoperatively and (2) health-related quality of life preoperatively, 6 months postoperatively, and annually up to 5 years postoperatively. Satisfaction with the repair and return to work status were ascertained 1 year postoperatively. A subgroup analysis of tear size and patient age was also undertaken. Results Of the subjects, 61 (73%) were men, and the average age was 53.2 (±9.9) years. According to repeated-measures analysis of variance, shoulder range of motion (flexion and external rotation) improved significantly from before surgery to 1 year after surgery (P < .001). The mean American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons scores improved from 53.3 (±20.6) preoperatively to 90.6 (±11.7) 1 year postoperatively (P < .001). The mean Western Ontario Rotator Cuff scores also improved from 43.2 (±20.2) preoperatively to 87.2 (±14.3) 1 year postoperatively (P < .001). No differences were seen in either the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons scores or Western Ontario Rotator Cuff scores between the 1-year examination and the last follow-up assessment undertaken at a median of 5 years postoperatively (P > .05). Ninety-six percent of patients were satisfied or very satisfied with the results of their repair; 78% of patients who were working before surgery returned to work without modification by 1 year postoperatively. For the most part, patient age and size of tear did not influence postoperative range of motion or health-related quality of life. Conclusion Mini-open rotator cuff repair led to improved shoulder function and health-related quality of life up to 5 years postoperatively.
The kinetics of clonal dominance in myeloproliferative disorders
Authors: Catlin Sandra N. , Guttorp Peter , Abkowitz Janis L. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractTo study clonal evolution in myeloproliferative disorders, we used stochastic models of hematopoiesis for mouse and cat, species for which the in vivo kinetics of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) have been experimentally defined. We determined the consequence if 1 HSC became able to survive without the support of a microenvironmental niche while the rest of its behavior did not change. Neoplastic cells persisted and dominated hematopoiesis in 14% of mice and 17% of cats, requiring mean times of 2.5 ± 0.5 and 7.0 ± 1.2 years, respectively (n = 1000 simulations/species). In both species, when the number of neoplastic HSCs exceeded 0.5% of all HSCs, clonal dominance was inevitable. Our results can explain the absence of clonal myeloproliferative disorders in mice (lifetime, 2 years), are consistent with clinical observations in cats, and provide insight into the progression of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) in humans. They also demonstrate that competition for microenvironmental support can lead to the suppression of normal hematopoiesis as neoplasia evolves. Toxic or immunologic suppression of normal HSCs is not required.
A specific role of integrin Mac-1 in accelerated macrophage efflux to the lymphatics
Authors: Cao Chunzhang , Lawrence Daniel A. , Strickland Dudley K. , Zhang Li 
Published: July 2005

AbstractIn response to injury, monocytes migrate to the site of inflammation, where they differentiate into macrophages and participate in various biologic processes. However, their fate during the resolution of acute inflammation is not fully understood. Here, we show that inflammatory macrophages do not die locally by apoptosis; rather, they migrate across the peritoneal mesothelium to the lymphatics, through which they further migrate to the lymph nodes and to the blood circulation. Macrophage efflux is enhanced considerably on cell activation, and such accelerated macrophage migration is dependent specifically on integrin Mac-1, and can be blocked by addition of its antagonist. Thus, genetic inactivation of Mac-1 in mice inhibits the accelerated macrophage efflux from the inflammatory site to the lymphatics, but it does not compromise the accumulation of blood monocytes into the inflammatory site. Together, our study demonstrates that Mac-1 is involved specifically in the efflux of activated macrophages to the lymphatics, suggesting that Mac-1 may play an important role in the removal of local inflammatory macrophages and in their subsequent migration to the lymph nodes, a process that is critical to the development of the adaptive immunity.