bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Large Language Models for Chatbot Health Advice Studies
Authors: Huo Bright , Boyle Amy , Marfo Nana , Tangamornsuksan Wimonchat , Steen Jeremy P. , McKechnie Tyler , Lee Yung , Mayol Julio , Antoniou Stavros A. , Thirunavukarasu Arun James , Sanger Stephanie , Ramji Karim , Guyatt Gordon 
Published: February 2025

ImportanceThere is much interest in the clinical integration of large language models (LLMs) in health care. Many studies have assessed the ability of LLMs to provide health advice, but the quality of their reporting is uncertain.ObjectiveTo perform a systematic review to examine the reporting variability among peer-reviewed studies evaluating the performance of generative artificial intelligence (AI)–driven chatbots for summarizing evidence and providing health advice to inform the development of the Chatbot Assessment Reporting Tool (CHART).Evidence ReviewA search of MEDLINE via Ovid, Embase via Elsevier, and Web of Science from inception to October 27, 2023, was conducted with the help of a health sciences librarian to yield 7752 articles. Two reviewers screened articles by title and abstract followed by full-text review to identify primary studies evaluating the clinical accuracy of generative AI-driven chatbots in providing health advice (chatbot health advice studies). Two reviewers then performed data extraction for 137 eligible studies.FindingsA total of 137 studies were included. Studies examined topics in surgery (55 [40.1%]), medicine (51 [37.2%]), and primary care (13 [9.5%]). Many studies focused on treatment (91 [66.4%]), diagnosis (60 [43.8%]), or disease prevention (29 [21.2%]). Most studies (136 [99.3%]) evaluated inaccessible, closed-source LLMs and did not provide enough information to identify the version of the LLM under evaluation. All studies lacked a sufficient description of LLM characteristics, including temperature, token length, fine-tuning availability, layers, and other details. Most studies (136 [99.3%]) did not describe a prompt engineering phase in their study. The date of LLM querying was reported in 54 (39.4%) studies. Most studies (89 [65.0%]) used subjective means to define the successful performance of the chatbot, while less than one-third addressed the ethical, regulatory, and patient safety implications of the clinical integration of LLMs.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this systematic review of 137 chatbot health advice studies, the reporting quality was heterogeneous and may inform the development of the CHART reporting standards. Ethical, regulatory, and patient safety considerations are crucial as interest grows in the clinical integration of LLMs.
Innovative Microstructure and Morphology Engineering of MOF‐Derived Single‐Atom Sn‐Doped ZnO Nanosheet Showing Highly Sensitive Acetone Sensing
Authors: Wang Haichao , Zhang Hui , Zhang Jijie , Han Jia‐Peng , Fang Han , Yu Mei‐Hui , Chang Ze , Bu Xian‐He 
Published: February 2025

AbstractSingle‐atom materials (SAMs) have garnered widespread attention due to their maximum utilization of active metal atoms for catalytic related applications. However, the facile preparation of oxide materials with high single‐atom loading is still challenging. Herein, derivation of highly tunable metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) precursor is found to be a potential method for the preparation of single‐atom Sn‐doped ZnO materials for high‐performance chemiresistive sensing applications. Specifically, Sn/Zn‐MOF‐L precursor with interdigitated lamellar morphology is transferred from bimetallic Sn/Zn‐MOF‐B featuring tunable microstructure and morphology through solvent treatment. Utilizing the finely Sn‐doped MOF as precursor, single‐atom Sn‐doped ZnO featuring nanosheet morphology and porous structure is successfully constructed. The as‐prepared single‐atom doped oxides show superior acetone sensing performances, as sensor based on 8% Sn‐doped ZnO demonstrates an astonishing response value of 213 (Ra/Rg) toward 10 ppm acetone and low detection limit of 0.52 ppb. The high sensitivity of Sn‐doped ZnO is attributed to the nanosheet morphology with high specific surface area and the distribution of single‐atom Sn active sites, benefiting from the manipulation of MOF precursor. The method for the preparation of single‐atom loaded oxides and their considerable sensing performance offers a new perspective for the design and application of SAMs.
Multifunctional Small RNA Endogenous Modified Exosome‐Loaded Hydrogel Based on Photocrosslinking for Cartilage Repair
Authors: Lv Junlei , Jiang Hongyi , Qiu Zhiruo , Liu Rongjie , Fang Yuqin , Zhang Zeming , Zhao Miaolong , Li Xiang , Lou Chao , Huang Haosheng , Zhang Xiaolei , Zheng Wenhao , Sun Liaojun 
Published: February 2025

AbstractExosomes derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) hold significant potential in the treatment of osteoarthritis (OA). However, simple exosomes therapy often proves insufficiently effective and challenging to achieve optimal therapeutic outcome. Herein, an innovative injectable multifunctional composite hydrogel (ExoshEZH2@HG) is composed of photocrosslinking partially modified hyaluronic acid with o‐nitrobenzyl alcohol (HA‐NB), gelatin, and shRNA‐EZH2 endogenously modified exosomes (ExoshEZH2), designed for cartilage defects, which are a primary cause of early OA. It exhibits rapid and controllable photo‐induced gelation characteristics, resembling human cancellous bone compressive strength, and boasting excellent biocompatibility. In vitro studies indicate that ExoshEZH2@HG slowly releases ExoshEZH2, promoting the migration and infiltration of BMSCs into surrounding tissues. By inhibiting the overexpression of EZH2, ExoshEZH2 suppresses histone hypermethylation and the nuclear factor kappa‐B (NF‐κB) signaling pathway, thereby inhibiting inflammation and apoptosis in chondrocytes. Simultaneously, it promotes the regeneration of the extracellular matrix and the chondrogenic differentiation of BMSCs. Within a rat cartilage defect model, ExoshEZH2@HG significantly facilitates the regeneration of cartilage tissue resembling hyaline cartilage in the defect area, preventing the progression of OA. In summary, this multifunctional composite hydrogel offers a promising approach for the treatment of cartilage defects and the prevention of OA through multiple synergistic effects.
Reconfigurable Organic Electrochemical Transistors with High Dynamic Ranges for Fully Integrated Physical Reservoir Computing
Authors: Han Chungbi , Kim Mingyu , Park Seong Jun , Eo Jung Sun , Kim Donghyeok , Park Young Ran , Jung Sungjune , Wang Gunuk 
Published: February 2025

AbstractReconfigurable organic electrochemical transistors (r‐OECTs) are considered a promising platform for fully integrated physical reservoir computing (RC) owing to their dual switching modes, which are suitable for both the reservoir and readout layers. However, their restricted dynamic ranges (DR) have constrained their nonlinearity, high‐dimensional mapping capacity, and the reconfigurability of neural networks for optimal physical RC. In this study, r‐OECTs with a modified PEDOT:PSS channel and solid electrolyte is designed and fabricated, achieving dual‐modal essential synaptic functions (nonvolatile and volatile) through ethylene glycol (EG) content adjustment. The r‐OECTs with the EG of 680 and 1000 µL exhibit exceptional DR of 1.12 × 10⁵ in nonvolatile mode and 1.20 × 103 volatile mode, respectively, representing a significant improvement over previously reported OECTs. The nonvolatile mode exhibits long‐term memory with robust and gradual long‐term potentiation (LTP) and long‐term depression (LTD), while the volatile mode demonstrates short‐term memory for extracting reservoir states. The r‐OECTs, functioning in two modes as the reservoir and readout layers with high DRs, enable accurate classification of human activities such as jogging (J), brushing teeth (B), and folding clothes (F) with an accuracy of 84.38% in a fully integrated physical RC system.
Self‐Healing Hybrid Interphase Layer Assisted by Liquid Gallium Metal Toward Exceptionally Reversible Sodium Metal Batteries
Authors: Cao Liang , Li Yue , Chu Mingjing , Xu Xin , Qiu Yawen , Zhao Jun , Dai Yue , Sun Chencheng , Huang Zhi‐Xiong , Chen Libao , Wu Xing‐Long , Geng Hongbo 
Published: February 2025

AbstractSodium metal batteries (SMBs) have attracted considerable attention owing to their dazzling advantages. Nevertheless, the brittle natural SEI film and the growth of dendrites have posed a great threat to the practical application of SMBs. Herein, an interphase layer (Ga/Na2Se) with a self‐healing function assisted by liquid gallium metal is designed. By combining in situ characterizations and theoretical analysis, the operating mechanism of the interphase is comprehensively revealed. The in situ formed Ga liquid metal not only possesses a self‐healing function, thus repairing the collapse of interfacial texture upon cycling, but also has a favorable Na+ diffusion barrier that endows Na+ to disperse uniformly instead of forming Na clusters on Na substrate, preventing uneven charge accumulation and preferential Na nucleation. Meanwhile, the Na2Se superionic conductor teases the Na+ flux on the interlayer, efficiently avoiding the formation of dendrites. Consequently, the symmetric cells achieve a superior cycling lifespan of 2200 h at 0.5 mA cm−2/1.0 mAh cm−2. Most importantly, the pouch full cell assembled using NaNi1/3Fe1/3Mn1/3O2 cathode also exhibits overwhelming cycling stability, delivering 75.9 mAh g−1 after 5000 cycles at 1.0 C. This work provides a new insight into using liquid metal for the practical exploitation of SMBs.
Next‐Generation Oral Ulcer Management: Integrating Cold Atmospheric Plasma (CAP) with Nanogel‐Based Pharmaceuticals for Inflammation Regulation
Authors: Zheng Yanfen , Zhuang Ziqi , Zhou Renwu , Zheng Luo , Li Changhong , Zhou Rusen , Gao Yuting , Zhang Liang , Zheng Yating , Zhao Liqian , Rizvi Syed Faheem Askari , Yang Bocheng , Jiang Lili , Lin Jinyong , Wang Anqi , Zhou Wei , Cheng Hongwei , Li Dong , Chu Chengchao , Thompson Erik W. , Wu Yunlong , Liu Gang , Zeng Yun , Wang Peiyu 
Published: February 2025

AbstractOral ulcers, affecting 27.9% of adults, can lead to malnutrition and dehydration, especially in individuals with diabetes, cancer, viral infections, and autoimmune diseases. Existing treatments—including oral films, sprays, frosts, and powders—often fail to be effective due to rapid dilution and clearance in the moist oral environment. This study is the first to investigate the use of Cold Atmospheric Plasma (CAP) for treating oral ulcers and its underlying molecular mechanisms. A novel high‐bioavailability, mucoadhesive therapy combining handheld three dimensions (3D) multi‐microhole CAP is developed with a nanogel‐based pharmaceutical system containing glucose oxidase (GOx) and catalase (CAT), termed GCN. These results showed that both CAP alone and CAP combined with GCN significantly accelerate oral ulcer healing, modulate immune responses, and activate the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) in acetic acid‐induced oral ulcers, outperforming untreated controls and the conventional medication, Watermelon Frost (WF). Furthermore, the CAP+GCN combination enhances therapeutic effects by promoting fibroblast generation. CAP pretreatment also enhances cell permeability and nanoparticle uptake, improving tissue adhesion. These findings are validated in primary Human Gingival Fibroblasts (HGF) and Human Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells (PDLSC) from healthy donors, as well as an oral ulcer model in rats, demonstrating superior biocompatibility and safety.
Biosensors and Biomarkers for the Detection of Motion Sickness
Authors: Wang Yanbing , Liu Chen , Zhao Wenjie , Wang Qingfeng , Sun Xu , Zhang Sheng 
Published: February 2025

AbstractMotion sickness (MS) is a prevalent syndrome that predominantly occurs during transportation and virtual reality (VR). The absence of reliable indicators and detection methods makes precise diagnosis difficult. Biomarker concentrations and trends may imply individual susceptibility, symptom classification, and the specific progression of MS. It is therefore essential to explore biosensors capable of providing sensitive, accurate, and real‐time monitoring of biomarkers. This review provides a summary of the pathogenesis and biological pathways underlying MS, followed by an examination of biomarkers and their research progress. The most recent electrochemical biosensors developed for the non‐invasive detection of representative biomarkers (e.g., cortisol, α‐amylase, and estrogen) are comprehensively summarized. The effectiveness of these biosensors in practical application is discussed. It is anticipated that electrochemical biosensors can be gradually improved from the sampling methods, multimodal combinations, and data processing, which can facilitate the detection of MS toward individuation, refinement, and intelligence.
Room‐Temperature Organic Spintronic Devices with Wide Range Magnetocurrent Tuning and Multifunctionality via Electro‐Optical Compensation Strategy
Authors: Meng Ke , Li Min , Guo Lidan , Zhang Rui , Guo Ankang , Liu Mingzhe , Gu Xianrong , Qin Yang , Yang Tingting , Yang Xueli , Hu Shunhua , Zhang Cheng , Zheng Ruiheng , Wu Meng , Sun Xiangnan 
Published: February 2025

AbstractIn spintronics, devices exhibiting large, widely tunable magnetocurrent (MC) values at room temperature are particularly appealing due to their potential in advanced sensing, data storage, and multifunctional technologies. Organic semiconductors (OSCs), with their rich and unique spin‐dependent and (opto‐)electronic properties, hold significant promise for realizing such devices. However, current organic devices are constrained by limited design strategies, yielding MC values typically confined to tens of percent, thereby restricting their potential for multifunctional applications. Here, this study introduces an electro‐optical compensation strategy to modulate MC values, which synergistically integrates and manages the interplays among carrier transport, spin‐dependent reactions, and photogenerated carrier dynamics in OSCs‐based devices. This approach achieves ultrahigh room‐temperature MC values of +13 200% and −10 600% in the designed devices, with continuous and precise tunability over this range—marking a breakthrough in organic spintronic devices. Building on this achievement, by integrating multiple controllable parameters—light, bias, magnetic field, and mechanical flexibility—into a single device, a flexible, room‐temperature, multifunctional device is activated, functioning as the high‐sensitivity magnetic field sensor, composite field sensor, magnetic current inverter, and magnetically‐controlled artificial synaptic, etc. These findings open an avenue for designing high‐performance, multifunctional devices with broad implications for future spintronic‐related technologies.
Stable and Highly Efficient Near‐Infrared Emission Achieved in Spinel Blocks
Authors: Zhang Xibao , Zhou Liang , You Hongpeng 
Published: February 2025

AbstractDeveloping efficient and stable near‐infrared emitters related to Cr3+‐pairs for advanced optoelectronic devices remains a challenge due to concentration quenching effects and unclear luminescence mechanisms. In this study, Cr3+ ions are incorporated into a matrix structure consisting of ZnAl₂O₄ spinel units separated by 11.312 Å, effectively restricting energy transfer between luminescent centers and alleviating quenching effects. Computational analysis identifies the lattice positions of isolated Cr3+ ions and Cr3+‐pairs at different doping levels, providing insights into their spatial distribution and local structural environments. Photoluminescence measurements reveals a Cr3+‐concentration‐dependent emission broadening, with a Cr3+‐pair emission band peak at 750 nm, while detailed spectral analysis further clarified the energy level structure of Cr3+‐pairs for the first time. Enhanced material performance is achieved through flux‐assisted synthesis, reaching a high external quantum efficiency of 58.3%. Consequently, the assembled pc‐LEDs exhibit minimal efficiency roll‐off and achieve a high output of 183 mW at 650 mA, demonstrating their potential in near‐infrared light sources and night vision technology application.
Designing Crystalline/Amorphous NVNPF/NCK Cathode Toward High‐Performance Fully‐Printed Flexible Aqueous Rechargeable Sodium‐Ion Batteries (ARSIBs)
Authors: Ren Hehe , Liang Jing , Liu Qun , Wei Yuanjie , Wu Wei 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe flexible ARSIBs have great potential in portable and wearable electronics due to their high cost‐effectiveness, safety, and amazing flexibility. Nevertheless, achieving both outstanding flexibility and high energy density remains a challenge. Herein, a battery‐supercapacitor composite material Na3V1.95Ni0.05(PO4)2F3/10%NC‐KOH (NVNPF/NCK) with coexistence of crystalline and amorphous phases is fabricated by loading nitrogenous carbon (NC) onto Na3V1.95Ni0.05(PO4)2F3 (NVNPF) and etching with KOH. It demonstrates high specific capacity (187.26 mAh g−1), ultrahigh energy density (262.16 Wh kg−1), and excellent cycle performance (the capacity retention is 81% at 1 C after 500 cycles). The high performance is achieved by doping Ni2⁺ loading NC and etching with KOH, which generates vacancy defects, enhances structural stability, and accelerates ion‐diffusion kinetics. Furthermore, the fully‐printed ARSIBs (F‐NTP//NVNPF/NCK) with high specific capacity (60.37 mAh g−1), amazing energy density (72.44 Wh kg−1), and excellent cycle performance, are fabricated using screen‐printing technique based on the NVNPF/NCK cathode and NaTi1.7Fe0.3(PO4)3 (F‐NTP) anode. To the best of the authors' knowledge, F‐NTP//NVNPF/NCK is the highest‐performing fully‐printed flexible ARSIB to date. In particular, these batteries can achieve tunability in shape and size, integration, and high‐throughput manufacturing. Thus, this work can offer greater possibilities for the development of high‐performance flexible ARSIBs.
FRET‐Based Sensor Zebrafish Reveal Muscle Cells Do Not Undergo Apoptosis in Starvation or Natural Aging‐Induced Muscle Atrophy
Authors: Jia Hao , Wu Renfei , Yang Hongmei , Luo Kathy Qian 
Published: February 2025

AbstractMuscle atrophy occurs during natural aging and under disease conditions. Muscle cell apoptosis is considered one of the main causes of muscle atrophy, while several recent studies argued that muscle cells do not die during muscle atrophy. Here, sensor zebrafish are generated to visualize muscle cell apoptosis and the engulfment of dead muscle cells by macrophages. Using these sensor zebrafish, starvation, and natural aging‐induced muscle atrophy models are established. The data showed that the diameters of muscle cells decreased in both models; however, muscle cell apoptosis is not found in the process of muscle atrophy. In starvation‐induced muscle atrophy, it also showed that the number of nuclei in muscle cells remained constant, and there is no increase in the number of macrophages in muscle tissues, both of which further confirmed that muscle cells do not die. In both models, transcriptional analysis showed that the apoptosis pathway is down‐regulated, and autophagy and protein degradation pathways are up‐regulated. All these data indicated that although there is a great reduction of muscle mass during starvation or aging‐induced muscle atrophy, muscle cells do not die by apoptosis. These findings provide new insights into muscle atrophy and can benefit the treatments for muscle atrophy‐related diseases.
Fluoro‐Fucosylation Enables the Interrogation of the Lea‐LecB Interaction by BioNMR Spectroscopy
Authors: Siebold Kathrin , Chikunova Elena , Lorz Nils , Jordan Christina , Gossert Alvar D. , Gilmour Ryan 
Published: February 2025

AbstractFucosylation patterns in cell‐surface glycans are essential mediators of recognition and signalling. Aberrations in these signatures serve as vital diagnostic markers of disease progression, and so understanding fucose‐protein interactions at the molecular level is crucial. Molecular editing of l‐fucose (Fuc) at C2 with fluorine provides a platform to reconcile the ubiquity of fucosylation with the paucity of strategies to interrogate site‐specific interactions. Through judicious introduction of a pseudo‐equatorial fluorine [C(sp3)‐F] adjacent to the anomeric position, β‐selective fucosylation can be achieved with a range of diverse acceptors (>50 : 1): the selectivity of this process can be inverted through changes in the donor scaffold. Reaction development was driven by the desire to construct a fluorinated analogue of Lewis antigen a (F‐Lea), in which fluorine replaces a key OH group at C2. Lea is a ligand for Lectin B (LecB) in the pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa and thus delineating the importance of key interactions in this complex has ramifications for drug discovery. Independent syntheses of Lea and F‐Lea, and systematic bioNMR analyses with both glycans has unequivocally established the essential role of O2 of fucose in the Lea‐LecB complex.
Understanding the Association Between Neighborhood Resources and Trauma‐Informed Care Among Providers Who Serve Autistic Youth
Authors: Thorpe Daneele , Kerns Connor M. , Moskowitz Lauren J. , Drahota Amy , Lerner Matthew ,   the UCAS Consortium
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTA growing body of literature suggests that youth with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), herein, autistic youth, face an increased risk of being exposed to adverse childhood experiences (ACEs). However, trauma‐informed approaches to care among autistic youth remain limited. In a large cross‐sectional survey of ASD providers (N = 670) recruited from five U.S. locations, we examined the association between neighborhood resources using the Child Opportunity Index (i.e., educational, health/environmental, and social/economic opportunities) and the frequency at which providers engaged in trauma‐informed care (i.e., inquire about, screen for, treat, and provide referrals for trauma diagnosis and treatment) and the types of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) they screen for (i.e., maltreatment/neglect and household dysfunction). The latent model revealed that providers in neighborhoods with fewer resources engaged in more trauma‐informed care and were more likely to screen for ACEs related to household dysfunction. Follow‐up exploratory analyses indicated that providers in the lowest 20% of opportunity neighborhoods made the greatest efforts in trauma screening for maltreatment and household dysfunction, followed closely by those in the lowest 40%, compared to higher‐opportunity areas. Sensitivity analyses, controlling for potential nesting effects, confirmed similar results. These findings may suggest a concerted effort to ensure that autistic youth in highly disadvantaged areas receive adequate trauma screening. However, lower screening rates in higher‐resourced neighborhoods may mean trauma‐exposed autistic youth in these areas are overlooked. Expanding provider training to emphasize trauma inquiry across all neighborhoods could help address this gap. Limitations, implications for policy and practice, and future directions are discussed.