bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cardiovascular effects on high-resolution 3D multi-shot diffusion MRI of the rhesus macaque brain
Authors: Bihan-Poudec Yann , Tounekti Slimane , Troalen Thomas , Rayson Holly , Froesel Mathilda , Lamberton Franck , Zariry Zakaria , Gacoin Maëva , Richard Nathalie , Hamed Suliann Ben , Hiba Bassem 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe monkey brain represents a key research model thanks to its strong homologies with the humans, but diffusion-MRI (dMRI) performed at millimeter-level resolution using clinical scanners and pulse-sequences cannot take full advantage of this. Cardiovascular effects on 3D multi-shot Echo-Planar Imaging (3D-msEPI) dMRI were characterized at submillimetric resolution by comparing triggered and non-triggered diffusion-weighted (DW)-images and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) maps. We also investigated the value of 3D-msEPI with cardiovascular-triggering to achieve dMRI of the anesthetized macaque brain with high resolution previously restricted to ex-vivo brains. Eight DW-images with voxel-size = 0.5 × 0.5 × 1 mm3 and b = 1500 s/mm2 were collected at 3 Tesla from two macaques using triggered and then non-triggered 3D-msEPI. Statistical analysis by mixed models was used to compare signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and ghost-to-signal ratio (GSR) of DW-images with and without triggering. Brain DTI with isotropic-resolution of 0.4 mm and b = 1000 s/mm2 was also collected in three macaques with triggered 3D-msEPI and reapplied without triggering in one. Cardiovascular pulsations induce inter-shot phase-errors with non-linear spatial dependency on DW-images, resulting in ghost-artifacts and signal loss particularly in the brainstem, thalamus, and cerebellum. Cardiovascular-triggering proved effective in addressing these, recovering SNR in white and gray matter (all p &lt; 0.0001), and reducing GSR from 16.5 ± 10% to 4.7 ± 4.2% on DW-images (p &lt; 0.0001). Triggered 3D-msEPI provided DTI-maps with the unprecedented spatial-resolution of 0.4 mm, enabling several substructures of the macaque brain to be discerned and thus analyzed in vivo. The value of cardiovascular-triggering in maintaining DTI-map sharpness and guaranteeing accurate tractography results in the brainstem, thalamus, and cerebellum was also demonstrated. In conclusion, this work highlights the effects of cardiovascular pulsations on brain 3D-dMRI and the value of triggered 3D-msEPI to provide high-quality diffusion-MRI of the anesthetized macaque brain. For routine studies, 3D-msEPI must be coupled with appropriate techniques to reduce acquisition duration.
BASIL: A toolbox for perfusion quantification using arterial spin labelling
Authors: Chappell Michael A. , Kirk Thomas F. , Craig Martin S. , McConnell Flora A. Kennedy , Zhao Moss Y. , MacIntosh Bradley J. , Okell Thomas W. , Woolrich Mark W. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Arterial Spin Labelling (ASL) MRI is now an established non-invasive method to quantify cerebral blood flow and is increasingly being used in a variety of neuroimaging applications. With standard ASL acquisition protocols widely available, there is a growing interest in advanced options that offer added quantitative precision and information about haemodynamics beyond perfusion. In this article, we introduce the BASIL toolbox, a research tool for the analysis of ASL data included within the FMRIB Software Library (FSL), and explain its operation in a variety of typical use cases. BASIL is not offered as a clinical tool, and nor is this work intended to guide the clinical application of ASL. Built around a Bayesian model-based inference algorithm, the toolbox is designed to quantify perfusion and other haemodynamic measures, such as arterial transit times, from a variety of possible ASL input data, particularly exploiting the information available in more advanced multi-delay acquisitions. At its simplest, the BASIL toolbox offers a graphical user interface that provides the analysis options needed by most users; through command line tools, it offers more bespoke options for users needing customised analyses. As part of FSL, the toolbox exploits a range of complementary neuroimaging analysis tools so that ASL data can be easily integrated into neuroimaging studies and used alongside other modalities.
Grand-Scale Atmospheric Imaging Apparatus (GAIA) and Wind Lidar Multiscale Measurements in the Atmospheric Surface Layer
Authors: Iungo Giacomo Valerio , Guala Michele , Hong Jiarong , Bristow Nathaniel , Puccioni Matteo , Hartford Peter , Ehsani Roozbeh , Letizia Stefano , Li Jiaqi , Moss Coleman 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Understanding the organization and dynamics of turbulence structures in the atmospheric surface layer (ASL) is important for fundamental and applied research in different fields, including weather prediction, snow settling, particle and pollutant transport, and wind energy. The main challenges associated with probing and modeling turbulence in the ASL are (i) the broad range of turbulent scales associated with the different eddies present in high Reynolds number boundary layers ranging from the viscous scale (on the order of millimeters) up to large energy-containing structures (on the order of kilometers); (ii) the nonstationarity of the wind conditions and the variability associated with the daily cycle of the atmospheric stability; and (iii) the interactions among eddies of different sizes populating different layers of the ASL, which contribute to momentum, energy, and scalar turbulent fluxes. Creative and innovative measurement techniques are required to probe near-surface turbulence by generating spatiotemporally resolved data in the proximity of the ground and, at the same time, covering the entire ASL height with large enough streamwise extent to characterize the dynamics of larger eddies evolving aloft. To this aim, the U.S. National Science Foundation sponsored the development of the Grand-scale Atmospheric Imaging Apparatus (GAIA) enabling super-large snow particle image velocimetry (SLPIV) in the near-surface region of the ASL. This inaugural version of GAIA provides a comprehensive measuring system by coupling SLPIV and two scanning Doppler lidars to probe the ASL at an unprecedented resolution. A field campaign performed in 2021–22 and its preliminary results are presented herein elucidating new research opportunities enabled by the GAIA measuring system.
Finding compassion when compassion fatigued
Authors: Nikel Carlie , Gildenblatt Limor 
Published: November 2023

Objective: The unrelenting turmoil of the COVID-19 pandemic has been especially hard on those in the healthcare field. This chronic stress has resulted in depleted compassion towards patients served and colleagues. Researchers have suggested that empathy is a finite resource that must be replenished. For physicians in residency training and those in practice, where finding meaning and purpose in their work is already a challenge, the spark for medicine and helping others may easily become extinguished. This article explores interventions implemented in two family medicine residency programs to address concerns about burnout and compassion fatigue exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A qualitative research approach is employed here through case studies of two family medicine programs, along with a description of several interventions intended to mitigate burnout and compassion fatigue during the pandemic. Participants were 36 family medicine residents from “residency #1” and 36 family medicine residents from “residency #2.” Results: The authors describe several interventions used in the two residency programs to reduce issues of compassion fatigue. These include meditation, gratitude practice, guided group support, and a focus on clinicians’ physical health. Feedback from residents and program leaders suggest that these interventions were useful tools to help physicians navigate their new normal as they began to practice during a pandemic, thereby reducing burnout and challenges with compassion fatigue. A strategic plan is outlined to help other programs implement some of these strategies. Conclusions: It is imperative that training programs continue to implement interventions that emphasize resident and post-residency wellness to reduce compassion fatigue in order to navigate the new stressors that came with the COVID-19 pandemic and those that will come with pandemics in the future.
Latinas’ internalization of U.S. beauty ideals as a moderator of the relations between appearance-related messages from family members and Latinas’ depressive symptoms
Authors: Rivero Avelina , Killoren Sarah E. , Campione-Barr Nicole 
Published: November 2023

Depression is a prevalent concern in Latinas; thus, it is critical that we examine the associations between negative eating and weight messages from mothers, fathers, and sisters, and depressive symptoms in Latinas. We utilized a sample of 195 Latina/Hispanic young women ( Mage = 23.25 years; range = 18–25; SD = 1.93; 67.4% Mexican-origin) to explore the moderating role of Latinas' internalization of U.S. beauty ideals on the associations between negative eating and weight messages from mothers, fathers, and sisters, and Latinas' depressive symptoms. We conducted three hierarchical regression analyses and found that negative messages from each family member (i.e., mothers, fathers, and sisters) and Latinas' internalization of U.S. beauty ideals were significantly and positively associated with Latinas' depressive symptoms. Further, we found that under both high and low internalization of U.S. beauty ideals, there was a positive association between negative messages from sisters and depressive symptoms. However, this association was stronger for those with high internalization of U.S. beauty ideals. Findings from this study further solidify the importance of family members' negative eating and weight messages for Latinas' well-being. Additionally, our study demonstrates that internalizing U.S. beauty ideals is associated with Latinas’ mental health.
Influence of the extraction method on the chemical, physical and mechanical characteristics of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) petiole fibers for the reinforcement of composite materials
Authors: Ze Éric Parfait , Bidoung Jean Calvin , Nzié Wolfgang , Tchotang Théodore , Kenmeugne Bienvenu 
Published: November 2023

For their use in polymer and composite materials engineering, and with a view to sustainable development, a great deal of work has been carried out with the aim of describing the properties of plant fibers. This work presents the effects of the extraction method on the chemical, physical and mechanical properties of oil palm petiole fibers (OPPF). To this end, the FPPH to be analyzed were obtained by water retting and chemical retting with soda (5% solution). Their physico-chemical and mechanical characteristics were then studied and compared. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis confirmed the existence of the main components of lignocellulosic fiber (lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose). Lignin was reduced by 22.74%, hemicellulose by 27.33% and cellulose by 16.87% compared to water retting. XRD revealed a crystallinity index of 58.66% for fibers extracted with a 5% sodium solution and 58.51% for fibers extracted with water retting. Soda retting reduces density by 3%. Tensile tests revealed an average tensile strength of 156.082 MPa for water-rubbed fibers and 205.875 MPa for soda-rubbed fibers, Young’s modulus of 3.432 GPa for water-rubbed fibers and 5.346 GPa for soda-rubbed fibers. Elongation at break for FPPH extracted by water retting was 5.178% and 4.41% respectively. This shows that the extraction method affects mechanical properties (flexibility and stiffness) and should be chosen according to the desired characteristic.
Comparison of Postoperative Outcome and Prognosis Among Laparoscopic Left Colectomy and Laparoscopic Sigmoidectomy in Sigmoid Colon Cancer Patients: A Propensity Score Matching Study
Authors: Tao Wei , Liu Fei , Cheng Yu-Xi , Zhang Bin , Liu Xiao-Yu , Zhang Wei , Peng Dong 
Published: November 2023

Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of laparoscopic left colectomy (LLC) and laparoscopic sigmoidectomy (LSD) on short-term outcomes and prognosis of sigmoid colon cancer (SCC) patients using propensity score matching (PSM). Methods In this retrospective study, the SCC patients who underwent LLC or LSD surgery were collected from a single clinical center from Jan 2011 to Dec 2019. Short-term outcomes and prognosis were compared between patients who received LSD surgery and LLC surgery. Results A total of 356 patients were included in this study. After 1:1 PSM analysis, there were 50 patients who underwent LLC surgery and 50 patients who underwent LSD surgery left in this study. No significant difference was found in baseline characteristics after PSM ( P > .05). In comparison with the LLC surgery group, the LSD surgery group had shorter operation time ( P = .003) after PSM. Moreover, the surgical procedure was not an independent predictor for overall survival (OS) ( P = .918, 95% CI = .333–2.688) and disease-free survival DFS ( P = .730, 95% CI = .335–2.150), but age (OS: P = .009, 95% CI = 1.010–1.075; DFS: P = .014, 95% CI = 1.007–1.061) and tumor stage (OS: P = .004, 95% CI = 1.302–3.844; DFS: P < .01, 95% CI = 1.572–4.171) were the independent risk factors for OS and DFS in SCC patients. Conclusion There was no significant difference between the two surgical procedures for prognosis of SCC patients. However, the possible reasons for changing the surgical procedures should be cautious by surgeons.
Utilization of cefepime therapeutic drug monitoring in febrile neutropenia patients with hematologic malignancies
Authors: Lodl Emma F , Alshaer Mohammad H , Adams C. Brooke , Richards Ashley , Peloquin Charles , Venugopalan Veena 
Published: November 2023

Introduction Cefepime is a fourth-generation cephalosporin and is a workhorse for the empiric treatment of febrile neutropenia (FN). Beta-lactam therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) has emerged as a dose optimization strategy in patient populations with altered kinetics. Prior literature has demonstrated that patients with FN exhibit augmented renal clearance which may lead to subtherapeutic drug concentrations with standard dosing regimens. The aim of this study was to evaluate pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) target attainment and clinical outcomes in patients with hematologic malignancies and FN who were treated empirically with cefepime. Methods This was a prospective, single-center study of adults with hematologic malignancies and FN admitted to the inpatient unit. The primary outcome was PK/PD target attainment (defined as 100% free time greater than minimum inhibitory concentration (100% fT > MIC)). Secondary clinical outcomes were time to defervescence, time to ANC recovery, in-hospital mortality, and cefepime failure. Results There were 55 patients in our study. Forty-three (78%) patients achieved the primary outcome of PK/PD target attainment. The mean time to defervescence was similar between those that achieved PK/PD target attainment and those that did not (95% CI −0.75 to 1.25, p = 0.62). Conclusions This study showed that standard cefepime dosing in patients with hematologic malignancies and FN does not result in achievement of 100% fT > MIC in all patients. Patients in the group that did not achieve PK/PD target attainment were younger with increased creatinine clearance, indicating that cefepime TDM may be especially beneficial in these patients.
Unusual encephalopathy with Wernicke–Korsakoff syndrome-like features due to adjuvant nivolumab for malignant melanoma
Authors: Malik Saniya , White Wendy , Dasanu Constantin A 
Published: November 2023

Introduction Autoimmune encephalitis is a rare immune-related adverse event of PD-1 inhibitors, nivolumab and pembrolizumab. Autoimmune hypophysitis can also be seen with the use of these agents. The relationship between these two phenomena is currently unknown. Case report We describe a 79-year-old man with anterior scalp melanoma who received adjuvant nivolumab therapy. Sixteen weeks after the completion of nivolumab therapy, the patient presented to the hospital with altered mental status, anterograde amnesia, and symptoms of nausea and vomiting. The patient's encephalopathy was associated with confabulations. Workup identified increased CSF protein without increased cellularity, along with decreased serum cortisol and ACTH levels. This was consistent with encephalitis and central adrenal insufficiency. Management and outcome The patient had a robust clinical response to steroids, with resolution of mental status changes and normalization of blood pressure. He continues to receive maintenance steroid therapy without any further symptoms six months later. Conclusions We report herein a unique case of encephalopathy in the setting of nivolumab use for the treatment of melanoma. The condition resembled Korsakoff psychosis seen in the setting of alcoholism and was associated with central adrenal insufficiency. A prompt response to steroids was both diagnostic and therapeutic in our case, suggesting the resolution of autoimmune phenomena related to nivolumab.
Evaluating De-Escalation Training for Direct and Indirect Employees Caring for Residents With Huntington’s Disease
Authors: Rogers Brandon , St. Marie Barbara , Wesemann Daniel , Nopoulos Peg 
Published: November 2023

INTRODUCTION: Little is known about reducing the challenges for caregivers and patients with Huntington’s disease (HD). HD creates behavioral disturbances, cognitive decline, and motor disorder progression over the lifetime requiring some individuals to need long-term facility care. AIMS: There are concerns about safety and confidence of employees caring for residents with HD. METHODS: Nursing staff, administrators, and auxiliary employees were recruited from a long-term care (LTC) facility in rural Iowa, from July 2020 to August 2020. A de-escalation training intervention was delivered. The 1-day intervention included resident behaviors, planning and safety, teamwork, communication, and included role play and simulation. A pre- and post-survey measured confidence and competence in caring for people with HD before and after a training intervention. A resident medical record audit explored challenging behaviors before and after the training intervention. RESULTS: Of 25 participants, six were registered nurses/licensed practical nurses (RNs/LPNs; 24%), four administrators (16%), eight nursing assistants (32%), and seven auxiliary employees (28%). There was improvement in employees perceived safety (33.3%), co-workers enjoyment working with HD residents (54%), understanding symptoms of HD (44.4%), confidence in job abilities (21.0%), and confidence in ability to care for patients with HD (26.3%). A medical record audit showed decreased documentation of resident aggression and care refusal post-intervention. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest de-escalation training in LTC facilities increased perception of job safety, co-workers’ enjoyment, understanding HD symptoms, confidence in ability to care for patients with HD, and decreased resident agitation and care refusal.
Peri-firing compression in prevention of pancreatic fistula after distal pancreatectomy: A systematic review and a cohort study
Authors: Kjeseth Trond , Yaqub Sheraz , Edwin Bjørn , Kleive Dyre , Sahakyan Mushegh A. 
Published: November 2023

Background/Aims: Clinically relevant postoperative pancreatic fistula (CR-POPF) after distal pancreatectomy (DP) occurs in 20%–40% of patients and remains a leading cause of morbidity and increased healthcare cost in this patient group. Recently, several studies suggested decreased risk of CR-POPF with the use of peri-firing compression (PFC) technique. The aim of this report was to conduct a systematic review to get an overview of the current knowledge on the use of PFC in DP. In addition, our experience with PFC was presented. Methods: The systematic literature review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Also, 19 patients undergoing DP with the use of PFC at Oslo University Hospital were studied. The primary endpoint was incidence of CR-POPF. Results: Seven articles reporting a total of 771 patients were ultimately included in the systematic review. Only two of these were case–control studies examining outcomes in patients with and without PFC, while the rest were case series. These were heterogeneous in terms of staplers used, cartridge selection policy, and PFC technique. Both case–control studies reported significantly reduced CR- POPF incidence with PFC. Eight (21%) of our patients developed CR-POPF after DP with PFC. Only one patient developed CR-POPF among those with pancreatic transection site thickness ⩽1.5 cm. Conclusion: Evidence on potential benefits of PFC in DP is limited in quantity and quality. Our findings suggest that the use of PFC does not lead to reduction in the incidence of CR-POPF. Yet, there might be a benefit from PFC when dealing with a thin pancreas.
Name, Image, and Likeness and the Health of the Young Athlete: A Call to Action for Sports Medicine Providers and the Athletic Healthcare Network
Authors: Hollabaugh William L. , Jeckell Aaron S. , Diamond Alex B. 
Published: November 2023

Context: In June 2021, the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) adopted a new policy allowing NCAA athletes the opportunity to benefit and profit from their name, image, and likeness (NIL). Several state high-school associations have established policies to guide their members and students through the new era of NIL. While the potential benefits cannot be ignored, NIL presents novel responsibilities and stressors to athletes. This paper will review the paucity of literature on the effect of NIL on youth athletes and bring attention to mental health, well-being, or academic performance impacted by NIL. Evidence Acquisition: Articles were identified through Google and PubMed search starting from NIL policy approval (June 30, 2021). Search terms included “name, image and likeness” and “NIL.” Study Design: Clinical commentary. Level of Evidence: Level 5. Results: Although 1 article was identified through PubMed search and numerous articles were identified through Google search, no articles directly evaluated the effects of NIL on the mental health, well-being, or academic performance of youth athletes. Conclusion: It is critical for sports medicine providers and other members of the athletic healthcare network to familiarize themselves with these emerging topics to best serve their patients and communities. The athletic healthcare network must be prepared to address possible NIL-related health ramifications for our patients and their families and help them navigate a confusing and predatory landscape. We must provide resources to youth athletes to minimize the risks associated with NIL involvement and related activities, and to ensure that athletes with NIL contracts are able to balance their academic and athletic responsibilities. Fostering strong relationships between stakeholders and sports medicine staff is paramount to creating an environment that permits honest discussions about NIL and the health of athletes from youth to adulthood. Strength-of-Recommendation Taxonomy: N/A.