bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hereditary gingival fibromatosis: a case report
Authors: Baptista Isabel Poiares 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBackground/Aims: Hereditary gingival fibromatosis is characterized by various degrees of attached gingival overgrowth. It usually develops as an isolated disorder but can be one feature of a syndrome. A case of a 38‐year‐old female is reported who presented a generalized severe gingival overgrowth, involving the maxillary and mandibular arches and covering almost all teeth. The clinical differential diagnosis included drug‐induced overgrowth as well as idiopathic gingival fibromatosis.Treatment: Excess gingival tissue was removed by conventional gingivectomy. As the gingival enlargement was generalized to all quadrants, on both sides, the surgery was carried out under general anaesthesia. The postoperative course was uneventful and the patient's appearance improved considerably. Post‐surgical follow‐up after 20 months demonstrated a slight recurrenceConclusions: Hereditary gingival fibromatosis is a rare disorder characterized by the proliferative fibrous overgrowth of the gingival tissue. Resective surgery of the excess tissue is the treatment available. However, recurrence is a common feature.
Viability of cultured periodontal pocket epithelium cells and Porphyromonas gingivalis association
Authors: Dierickx K. , Pauwels M. , Van Eldere J. , Cassiman J. J. , Van Steenberghe D. , Quirynen M. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractObjectives: Porphyromonas gingivalis, one of the key pathogens in the development of periodontitis, produces a number of virulence factors that might explain its pathogenicity. One of them is the ability to adhere and invade pocket epithelium. The aim of this study was to follow, over time, the association of P. gingivalis and consequent morphological changes of the pocket epithelium cells.Material and Methods: The association capacity of four P. gingivalis serotypes [K1, K2, K4, K‐ (nonencapsulated)] with in vitro cultured mono‐layers from periodontal pocket epithelial cells of patients with periodontitis, was followed by fluorescence microscopy and bacterial culture. The contact time between bacteria and epithelium cells ranged from 45 min to 8 h. The microscopic evaluation allowed differentiation between dead and living cells (bacteria as well as epithelium) and description of the morphological changes after association.Results: A highly significant difference in the number of associating bacteria was found between dead and living epithelium cells, and between non‐capsulated and capsulated strains. A significant increase in the proportion of dead pocket epithelium cells was found with prolonged association time. The morphological changes (rounding of the epithelial cell, detachment from the glass cover‐slip and loss of intercellular contact) occurred faster for mono‐layers inoculated with the non‐encapsulated P. gingivalis strain.Conclusions: This study indicates that dead pocket epithelium cells harbor more P. gingivalis cells, and that a positive correlation exists between contact time and cell death. For the P. ginigvalis species, non‐encapsulated strains associate in higher number. As a result, the damage they cause to the host cell seems to occur faster than occurs in encapsulated strains. As such, cell death can be seen as the end‐result of bacterial association.
Safety and clinical effects of topical histatin gels in humans with experimental gingivitis
Authors: Paquette D. W. , Simpson D. M. , Friden P. , Braman V. , Williams R. C. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBackground: Our research group has recently reported that exogenously applied histatins can inhibit plaque accumulation and gingival inflammation in a preclinical canine model (Paquette et al. 1997).Objectives: The aims of the present double‐blinded, randomized, controlled clinical trial were to evaluate the safety and toxicity of three histatin (P‐113) concentrations in gel formulations, and to assess potential clinical benefit on the development of gingivitis (partial mouth design).Material and methods: One hundred and six healthy subjects were recruited and brought to optimal gingival health (GI < 0.5) prior to treatment initiation. At baseline, eligible subjects were randomized for one of the following treatments: (1) placebo; (2) 0.0625% P‐113; (3) 0.125% P‐113; and (4) 0.375% P‐113. Patients self‐applied gels twice daily for 29 days to the maxillary right quadrant with the use of customized stents. In addition, patients deferred all oral hygiene procedures within this quadrant for the duration of the treatment period. Safety was assessed in terms of physical and oral examinations, clinical laboratory testing and recording of adverse events. Clinical indices were measured weekly and included gingival index (GI), plaque index (PI) and %BOP.Results:  All study formulations were well tolerated by patients, and no differences in adverse event occurrences were noted among treatment groups, including taste alteration or staining. For the intent‐to‐treat population, significantly smaller %BOP changes were noted in subjects treated with 0.0625, 0.125 and 0.375% P‐113 gels (17.4, 18.18 and 17.9%, respectively) versus placebo (28.0%) (p < 0.05) at day 29. When groups were compared in terms of per cent responders (change in %BOP < 15 or < 20%), P‐113 treatment groups exhibited a higher frequency of response, especially for the 0.0625 and 0.125% P‐113 formulations (p < 0.05). Although no statistically significant intergroup differences were noted for changes in GI or PI among all subjects (intent‐to‐treat population), significantly smaller changes in PI at day 22 were observed among compliant individuals (defined as subjects using > 60% of the target gel mass) administering P‐113 gels as compared with compliant placebo subjects (p < 0.05).Conclusions: These data indicate safety and tolerance of P‐113 gels for topical oral use in human subjects. These data also suggest that P‐113 gels administered twice daily may reduce experimental gingivitis as measured with bleeding on probing in humans.
The effect of a SCN–/H2O2 toothpaste compared to a commercially available triclosan‐containing toothpaste on oral hygiene and gingival health – a 6‐month home‐use study
Authors: Rosin Michael , Kramer Axel , Bradtke Detlef , Richter Gerrit , Kocher Thomas 
Published: March 2003

AbstractObjectives: The aim of the study was to compare the gingival health benefits of a thiocyanate/carbamide peroxide toothpaste to that of a triclosan toothpaste in home use.Materials and methods: The study was a two‐centre, randomised, double‐blind, parallel‐group clinical trial, and consisted of a 2‐week pre‐experimental phase, followed by an experimental period of 6 months. A total of 140 healthy male and female volunteers (70 per group) who had at least 20 natural teeth with no probing depths greater than 5 mm and a mean gingival index (GI) of 1 or more at screening were admitted to the study. The two products were the test toothpaste (RCP) containing 0.5% SCN– (rhodanide), carbamide peroxide (equivalent 0.1% H2O2), and 1450 p.p.m. fluoride, and a control toothpaste (Colgate Total®) containing 0.3% triclosan, 2.0% polyvinyl methyl ether maleic acid (PVM/MA), and 1450 p.p.m. fluoride (Triclosan). In the pre‐experimental phase, all subjects used a fluoride toothpaste. Plaque (Turesky et al. 1970) and gingivitis (Löe & Silness 1963) were scored prior to beginning the pre‐experimental phase, at baseline, and after 6 weeks and 3 and 6 months.Results: In both the RCP and the Triclosan group, gingival health improved significantly between baseline and the following examinations. Plaque scores decreased significantly between baseline and 6 months in both groups. There were, however, no significant differences between the groups for either gingival index or plaque index.Conclusion: To conclude, this study seems to verify that in normal home use, a toothpaste containing a combination of thiocyanate and carbamide peroxide is as effective in reducing gingival inflammation and supragingival plaque formation as a benchmark control product.
Tooth loss and pocket probing depths in compliant periodontally treated patients: a retrospective analysis
Authors: König Jörgen , Plagmann Hans‐Christian , Rühling Andreas , Kocher Thomas 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBackground/aims: This retrospective study determined the treatment outcomes of 142 compliant periodontal patients observed for at least 10 years at the University of Kiel. All patients had been treated for moderate to advanced periodontitis and regularly received supportive periodontal therapy (SPT).Methods: Patient‐ and tooth‐related variables [tooth loss and pocket probing depth (PPD)] were analysed.Results: Of a total of 3353 teeth, 167 were extracted during active treatment and 99 during SPT, mainly for periodontal reasons. Forty‐five per cent of the patients did not lose any teeth during 11.7 years of observation. Thirty‐seven per cent underwent extractions during active treatment or SPT, 18% both during active periodontal therapy and SPT. Mean tooth loss per patient was 0.07 teeth/year during SPT. Mobility, furcation involvement, smoking, and prescription antibiotics had a negative impact on prognosis. Intraindividual differences in PPD were significant between single‐ and multirooted teeth with initial PPD ≥ 4 mm at baseline, following active treatment and at the end of SPT, and between firm and mobile teeth at baseline. Interindividual differences in mean PPD were only significant between smokers and non‐smokers at the end of the observation period.Conclusions: Long‐term maintenance of our patients was effective. Periodontal disease represented the major cause of tooth loss in a minority of the population.
Effects of enamel matrix protein application on the viability, proliferation, and attachment of human periodontal ligament fibroblasts to diseased root surfaces in vitro
Authors: Davenport D. R. , Mailhot J. M. , Wataha J. C. , Billman M. A. , Sharawy M. M. , Shrout M. K. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractObjectives: The purpose of this research was to examine the influence of enamel matrix proteins (EMP) on the viability, proliferation, and attachment of periodontal ligament fibroblasts (PDLF) to diseased root surfaces.Materials and Methods: Primary cell cultures of PDFL were obtained from clinically healthy third molars or premolar teeth. Viability and proliferation rates were carried out over a 10‐day period. A total of 80,000 cells were plated in 24‐well plates followed by EMEM with 10% FBS (positive control) and EMEM plus EMP at 25, 50, 75, and 100 μg/ml. Cells were harvested on days 1, 3, 5, 7, and 10 and viability was performed utilizing an MTS assay. PDLF proliferation rates were assessed by a CyQUANT GR dye assay. SEM analysis was used to examine the qualitative effects of cellular attachment to diseased root surfaces following EMP compared to nontreated controls.Results: The results indicated that viability was negatively affected for higher doses over time while lower doses displayed viability effects similar to control. Proliferation, however, appeared to be ameliorated following exposure to EMP. The SEM analysis suggests that cellular attachment to diseased dentin was enhanced following EMP application.Conclusion: These in vitro studies support the concept that EMP may act as a suitable matrix for PDLF.
The effects of cigarette smoking on the periodontal condition of young Jordanian adults
Authors: Al‐Wahadni Ahed , Linden Gerard J. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBackground: Several studies have reported an association between smoking and periodontal destruction in young adults.Aims: To investigate the effects of cigarette smoking on the periodontal condition of young Jordanian adults.Methods: A case‐control study of young adults between the ages of 20 and 35 years who were attending a dental hospital in Jordan for routine dental treatment. A group of 100 subjects who had smoked for at least 2 years were compared with 100 age‐ and sex‐matched never smokers. Clinical measurements of plaque, bleeding on probing and probing depth were recorded and interproximal bone levels related to molar teeth were assessed from bitewing radiographs.Results: The smokers had higher levels of plaque, more sites which bled in response to probing and a greater mean probing depth than never smokers. The unadjusted odds ratio for smoking to be associated with the presence of more than 10 pockets which were ≥4 mm was 3.08 (95% confidence interval 1.58–6.03). The proportion of measurable surfaces in smokers (22.7%) which had bone levels ≥3 mm below the cementoenamel junction was significantly higher (P<0.0001) than in never smokers (7.4%). Independent predictors of reduced bone levels in multivariate analysis were infrequent interdental cleaning (P=0.03), age of 30 or older (P=0.03) and smoking (P<0.0001). Within the multivariate analysis the adjusted odds ratio for smoking to be associated with reduced molar bone levels was 4.95 (confidence interval 2.48–9.88).Conclusions: It is concluded that cigarette smoking was a major environmental factor associated with accelerated periodontal destruction in the young adult Jordanians investigated.
Primary tooth fluorosis and fluoride intake during the first year of life
Authors: Levy Steven M. , Hillis Stephen L. , Warren John J. , Broffitt Barbara A. , Mahbubul Islam A. K. M. , Wefel James S. , Kanellis Michael J. 
Published: March 2003

Abstract –Objectives: Few studies in North America have assessed dental fluorosis of the primary dentition and few, if any, anywhere have assessed the relative importance in fluorosis etiology of fluoride intake during different time periods or from multiple sources. The purpose of this paper is to report on analyses relating estimated prenatal fluoride intake and fluoride intake during different parts of the first year of life to primary tooth fluorosis.Methods: As part of The Iowa Fluoride Study, subjects were recruited at birth and studied longitudinally. Trained examiners assessed dental fluorosis for children aged 4–7 years using the Tooth Surface Index of Fluorosis (TSIF) adapted for the primary dentition. Detailed parent questionnaires at childbirth were used to estimate prenatal fluoride intake and questionnaires sent at 6 weeks and 3, 6, 9, and 12 months were used to estimate fluoride intake during the first year of life (combined fluoride intake from water, food and beverage, supplements, and dentifrice). There were 504 children with prenatal and at least four of the five postnatal responses with complete data.Results: Fluorosis prevalence was 12.1%, occurring primarily on the second primary molars. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and logistic regression were used to assess the importance of different time periods' fluoride intake. In bivariate analyses, fluoride intake during each time interval was individually significantly related to fluorosis occurrence. For multivariate analyses, the period from 6 to 9 months was most important individually (P = 0.0001), and no other period was jointly statistically significant.Conclusions: Results suggest that the middle of the first year of life is most important in fluorosis etiology for the primary dentition in this setting.
Caries experience of some countries and areas expressed by the Significant Caries Index
Authors: Nishi Makiko , Stjernswärd Jayanthi , Carlsson Peter , Bratthall Douglas 
Published: March 2003

Abstract –Objectives: To calculate and present the caries prevalence for some countries/states among 12‐year‐olds, expressed as Significant Caries Index (SiC Index) and to analyse the relationship between the mean DMFT and the SiC Index for these countries. SiC Index is the mean DMFT of the one‐third of a population with the highest caries values.Methods:  An Excel® application for calculating SiC was developed (http://www.whocollab.od.mah.se/expl/siccalculation.xls) and indices were calculated from the data collected for 14 countries and one state from the Country/Area Profile Programme (http://www.whocollab.od.mah.se/index.html). To investigate the provinces of a country that had already reached the proposed SiC Index goal of 3 DMFT among the 12‐year‐olds, data for 17 counties and a city from Sweden were collected and the respective mean DMFT and SiC Indices calculated.Results:  The mean DMFT varied from 1.0 to 8.5 and the SiC Index varied from 2.8 to 13.7 in the national data. Jamaica, Senegal and Sweden were the only three countries that showed SiC Indices that were less than 3 DMFT. The mean DMFT varied from 0.5 to 1.4 and the SiC Index varied from 1.4 to 3.6 in the Swedish county/city data examined. A strong linear relationship between the mean DMFT and the SiC Index was found for the populations presented in this study.Conclusion:  The SiC Index is an indicator that reflects the situation among the most caries‐exposed individuals and could be included in future population‐based oral health surveys together with the mean DMFT.
Tooth loss in the very old: 13–15‐year incidence among elderly Iowans
Authors: Warren John Joseph , Watkins Catherine Ann , Cowen Howard Jeffry , Hand Jed Stephen , Levy Steven Marc , Kuthy Raymond Andrew 
Published: March 2003

Abstract Objectives: Very few studies have reported tooth loss incidence over a period of 10 years or more, and fewer have reported tooth loss occurrence in subjects aged 80 and older, so that the long‐term pattern of tooth loss in the very old is largely unknown. This study assessed 13–15‐year tooth loss incidence among a cohort of Iowans, aged 65 and older at baseline. Methods: Oral examinations were conducted on 520 subjects beginning in 1983, and periodically until 1988, with another round of examinations conducted on surviving members of the initial cohort during 1996–98. Results: Of the 73 remaining subjects, 45 subjects lost a total of 153 teeth during the period (mean=2.1 teeth lost), with a maximum of 17 teeth lost. Molars were the most commonly lost teeth, while canines and maxillary incisors were the least commonly lost. Bivariate analyses found that tooth loss was associated with untreated decay at baseline and level of periodontal attachment loss at earlier examinations. Logistic regression identified only greater severity of attachment loss as a significant risk factor for tooth loss (Adjusted odds ratio=2.4, P=0.006). The impact of tooth loss on subjects' lives was assessed using OHIP and other questions. The occurrence of tooth loss over the study period had little impact, but the number of remaining teeth significantly impacted subjects' ability to eat or chew food, swallow, or their willingness to smile. Conclusions: These results suggest that tooth loss continues in the very old, that periodontal attachment loss is associated with tooth loss in this age group, and that loss of teeth over one's lifetime does affect certain quality‐of‐life measures.
Tobacco use and oral hygiene as risk indicators for periodontitis
Authors: Amarasena Najith , Ekanayaka Asoka N. I. , Herath Lilani , Miyazaki Hideo 
Published: March 2003

Abstract Objective: To detect the periodontal status of male smokers and betel chewers in a rural community in Sri Lanka and compare it with that of male non‐tobacco users of the same community. Methods: A cross‐sectional community based study was carried out in a sample of 2277 rural adult males aged 20–60 years, adopting multistage cluster sampling technique. The present analysis was confined to 2178 subjects who were mutually exclusive smokers, betel chewers or non‐tobacco users. The periodontal status was assessed by clinical measurement of levels of bacterial plaque (PLI), gingival inflammation (GI) and loss of epithelial attachment (LA). All measurements were carried out on four sites of all teeth present except third molars and the mean values for periodontal parameters were calculated. Results: Bivariate analysis revealed that the overall periodontitis levels were significantly higher in betel chewers and smokers than in non‐tobacco users. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that there were no significant effects of smoking and betel chewing per se on LA, independent of age, socioeconomic status (SES) and whether or not controlled for PLI. The effect of the quantified tobacco use on LA was statistically significant regardless of age, PLI or SES. However, the effect of the quantified tobacco use was considered limited when compared to that of oral hygiene. Conclusions: The findings highlighted the importance of oral hygiene in the aetiology of periodontitis while confirming the statistical significance of the quantified tobacco use on LA. Oral hygiene and the quantified tobacco use may be considered as risk indicators for periodontitis.
Impact of traumatic injuries to the permanent teeth on the oral health‐related quality of life in 12–14‐year‐old children
Authors: Ilma de Souza Cortes Maria , Marcenes Wagner , Sheiham Aubrey 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBackground/Aim:  There are no data on the impacts on daily living of traumatic injuries to the permanent teeth. The aim of the present study was to assess the socio‐dental impacts of untreated fractured anterior teeth in Brazilian schoolchildren.Methods:  A population‐based matched case‐control study was used and a 2 : 1 control‐to‐case ratio was adopted. The cases were 68 children 12–14 years old, having non‐restored teeth, with fracture involving dentine. The controls were 136 children without any traumatic dental injury. They were matched by age, sex and socio‐economic status. The Oral Impact on Daily Performances (OIDP) index was used to measure the impacts.Results: The response rate was 100%. Results of conditional logistic regression showed that children with fractured teeth were 20 times (95% CI = 2.2–45.6) more likely to report any impact on their daily living than children with no traumatic dental injury. These results remained statistically significant for the items of the OIDP separately, ‘smiling’ (P < 0.001), ‘maintaining emotional state’ (P < 0.001), ‘eating’ (P < 0.01), ‘enjoying contact with people’ (P < 0.01) and the overall OIDP (P < 0.001), after adjusting for confounding variables such as the Aesthetic Component of the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need and DMFT index in a multiple conditional logistic regression.Conclusions:  Children with untreated dental fracture of permanent teeth had more impacts on their daily living than children without any traumatic injury.
Emerging theories into the social determinants of health: implications for oral health promotion
Authors: Watt Richard Geddie 
Published: March 2003

AbstractIn recent years public health research has increasingly focused upon exploring the social determinants of health. This interest has partly arisen through an acknowledgement of the limitations of educational preventive approaches in improving population health and reducing health inequalities. Many health education interventions have been influenced by health behaviour research based upon psychological theories and models. These theories focus at an individual level and seek to explore cognitive and affective processes determining behaviour and lifestyle. Current psychological theories have only a limited value in the development of public health action on altering the underlying social determinants of health. New theoretical approaches have however, emerged which explore the relationship between the social environment and health. This paper aims to review and highlight the potential value to oral health promotion of three important public health theoretical approaches: life course analysis, salutogenic model and social capital. It is important that an informed debate takes place over the theoretical basis of oral health promotion. As the field of oral health promotion develops it is essential that it is guided by contemporary and appropriate theoretical frameworks to ensure that more effective action is implemented in the future.