bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Life Expectancy After Diagnosis of a Vestibular Schwannoma in Patients 70 Years and Older
Authors: Mistarz Nicole , Reznitsky Martin , Høstmark Karianne , Jakobsen Kathrine Kronberg , Cayé-Thomasen Per , Stangerup Sven-Eric 
Published: October 2023

ImportanceOver the past decades, the number of patients, especially in the older adult patient group, diagnosed with vestibular schwannoma (VS) has increased. Assuming that older adult patients have more comorbidities, a longer recovery period after surgery, a higher rate of surgical complications, and a higher mortality rate after VS surgery, a treatment strategy for this group of patients is warranted, based on clinical evidence on postsurgical survival.ObjectiveTo evaluate the survival after diagnosis of a VS in patients 70 years and older, treated with either observation or surgery, and to compare these findings with the life span of an age-matched background population in Denmark.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis was a retrospective cohort study of 624 patients 70 years and older diagnosed with VS in Denmark from 1976 to 2016. Since 1976, all patients with a VS have been registered in a national database, which contains 3637 patients. Of the included patients in this study, 477 were treated conservatively with the “wait-and-scan” strategy, and 147 were treated surgically with removal of the tumor. The survival of the patients was compared with a matched background population in Denmark. Data analysis was performed from January 1976 to January 2017.ExposuresSurgery, radiotherapy, or none.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe main outcome was survival among the patients and compared with the matched background population.ResultsA total of 624 patients were included (317 female patients [50.8%] and 307 male patients [49.2%]). The mean (SD) survival in the observed patients was 9.2 (4.7) years after diagnosis, whereas for the background population, the expected survival was 11 years from the mean age at diagnosis. For the surgically treated patients, the mean (SD) survival was 11.8 (6.6) years, and expected survival was 11 years for the matched background population. The mean (SD) survival was 10.7 (5.5) years in female patients and 8.9 (5.0) years in male patients. There was no significant difference in survival between treatment modalities, irrespective of tumor size.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cohort study, survival after diagnosis of a VS in patients 70 years and older was similar in the surgical group compared with the age-matched background population. In the wait-and-scan group, the survival after diagnosis was marginally shorter, which may be associated with increased comorbidity.
Typology on exterior design of townhouses in a World Cultural Heritage Site of a Nepali City
Authors: Hamaoka Asuka , Yamamoto Naohiko , Yoshida Tetsuya , Miyauchi Anri , Masui Masaya , Mukai Yoichi 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe paper deals with the exterior design of townhouses in an urban block of the eastern part of Bhaktapur in Kathmandu Valley. The primary purpose is to provide an analysis method to determine the typical combination among exterior design components of Nepalese townhouses. By using multiple correspondence analysis and cluster analysis, 118 samples are grouped into 13 clusters. Secondly, all the clustered samples were put onto the original plots on the map to see the characteristics of their locations. Such a process would help a designer/planner reflect on how they should compose a proper facade in reconstruction works of townhouses after the earthquake in 2015.
Effects of various environmental grades on thermal comfort in semi‐outdoor spaces
Authors: Fukawa Yuta , Watanabe Yuyuko , Ogawa Yutaro , Hisayama Ryo , Nomoto Akihisa , Nakano Junta , Nakagawa Jun , Tanabe Shin‐ichi 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe introduction of semi‐outdoor spaces to urban spaces and offices has increased in recent years. In previous studies, environmental grade has been defined as the level of control for the thermal environment set for an architectural space based on the use, where “semi‐outdoor environment” is an environmental grade division that exists as a gradation between indoors and outdoors. This study aims to clarify effects of various environmental grades on thermal comfort. Field surveys were conducted in five semi‐outdoor spaces in Tokyo from 9 to 25 September 2021, consisting of thermal environment measurement, questionnaires about thermal comfort and impression of surveyed spaces and real‐time sensation voting. By impression evaluation and comparison of the regression curves of standard new effective temperature (SET*) against percentage of “uncomfortably warm,” the surveyed spaces were classified into two categories: “outdoor tendency” and “indoor tendency.” The difference in thermal comfort for the diverse semi‐outdoor environment could be evaluated by the difference in spatial characteristics such as “sense of weight” of the top surface in addition to the difference in environment control. By regression analysis of real‐time sensation voting result using hierarchical Bayesian approach, environmental grade was clarified to affect the correlation between pleasantness/unpleasantness and air velocity.
Groups of experts often differ in their decisions: What are the implications for AI and machine learning? A commentary onNoise: A Flaw in Human Judgment, byKahneman, Sibony, and Sunstein (2021)
Authors: Sleeman Derek H. , Gilhooly Ken 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMachine Learning systems rely heavily on annotated instances. Such annotations are frequently done by human experts, or by tools developed by experts, and so the central message of this book,Noise: A Flaw in Human Judgment(Kahneman, Sibony, and Sunstein 2021) is of considerable importance to AI/Machine Learning community. The core message is that if a number of experts are asked to annotate tasks that involve judgments, these responses will frequently differ. This observation poses a problem for how analysts choose a particular annotated dataset (from the group), or process the set of responses to give a “balanced” response, or whether to reject all the annotated datasets. A further important aspect of this book is the case studies which demonstrate that differences in judgments between fellow experts have been reported in a significant number of disciplines including, business, the law, government, and medicine. Kahneman, Sibony and Sunstein (2021), referred to as KSS subsequently, discuss how Expert Biases can be reduced, but the main focus of this book is a discussion of Noise, that is, differences that often occur between fellow experts, and how Noise can often be reduced. To address the last point KSS have formulated a set of six decision hygiene principles which include the recommendation that complex tasks should be subdivided, and then each subtask should be solved separately. A further principle is that each task should be solved by individual experts before the various judgments are discussed with fellow experts. Effectively, the book being reviewed covers three main topics: First, it reports several motivating studies that show how judgments of fellow experts varied significantly in the pricing of insurance premiums, and in setting the lengths of custodial sentences. These motivating studies very effectively illustrate the central concepts of Judgment, Noise, and Bias; that section also provides definitions of these core concepts and discusses how Noise is often amplified in group meetings. Secondly, the authors provide detailed discussion of further studies, in a variety of domains, which report the levels of disagreement between experts. Thirdly, KSS discusses how to reduce the levels of Noise between experts, as noted above, the authors refer to these as Principles of Noise Hygiene. These three parts are interwoven in a complex way throughout the book; in our view, the best overview of the book is given in the section Review and Conclusions: Taking Noise Seriously (KSS, p. 361).
Systematic Metabolic Profiling of Mice with Sleep‐Deprivation
Authors: Si Qingying , Sun Wenxue , Liang Benhui , Chen Beibei , Meng Junjun , Xie Dadi , Feng Lei , Jiang Pei 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAdequate sleep is essential for the biological maintenance of physical energy. Lack of sleep can affect thinking, lead to emotional anxiety, reduce immunity, and interfere with endocrine and metabolic processes, leading to disease. Previous studies have focused on long‐term sleep deprivation and the risk of cancer, heart disease, diabetes, and obesity. However, systematic metabolomics analyses of blood, heart, liver, spleen, kidney, brown adipose tissue, and fecal granules have not been performed. This study aims to systematically assess the metabolic changes in the target organs caused by sleep deprivation in vivo, to search for differential metabolites and the involved metabolic pathways, to further understand the impact of sleep deprivation on health, and to provide strong evidence for the need for early intervention.
Large‐Scale and Homogenized Strategies of Spent LiFePO4 Recycling: Reconstruction of Targeted Lattice
Authors: Zeng Zihao , Xu Panpan , Li Jiexiang , Yi Chenxing , Zhao Wenqing , Sun Wei , Ji Xiaobo , Yang Yue , Ge Peng 
Published: October 2023

AbstractCaptured by the remarkable environmental/economic value, recycling spent LiFePO4 has attracted numerous attention. However, restricted by diverse failure mechanisms and different particle‐sizes/active‐sites, recycling strategies still suffer from uneven repairing results and poor accessibility. For promoting their application in commercial systems, the uniform physical‐chemical properties are urgent for regenerated samples. Herein, by tailoring oxidation‐reduction manners, the homogeneous cathode materials can be prepared, displaying uniform particle size and restored lattice. The capacity of as‐optimized samples can be kept ≈141.5 mAh g−1 at 1.0 C, and 137 mAh g−1 with a retention of 92% after 300 cycles at 2.0 C. After Kg‐scale experiments, the pouch full‐cell (LFP‐500 vs recovered graphite) delivers ≈4200 mAh capacity, with considerable cycling stability (retention 96.83%, after 500 loops). Importantly, the detailed mechanism of oxidation/reduction‐conditions is investigated, especially their lattice reconstitution and ions‐ diffusion behaviors. Supported by kinetic analysis and DFT calculations, the fascinating stability of LFP‐500 is further proved, mainly derived from the accelerated Li‐diffusion behaviors. Compared to traditional recovering manners, oxidation/reduction process displays low cost, energy‐consumption, and pollution, accompanied with considerable large‐scale application potential. Given this, this work is anticipated to illustrate the in‐depth mechanism of lattice‐reconstruction, while offering significant strategies for large‐scale and homogenized regeneration.
Fabrication of Porous Heteroatom‐Doped Carbon Networks via Polymer‐Assisted Rapid Thermal Annealing
Authors: Pagaduan James Nicolas , Bhardwaj Ayush , McCarty Tailynn Y. , Kraemer Stephan , Kearney Cathal J. , Watkins James J. , Emrick Todd , Katsumata Reika 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPorous carbon materials have increasingly drawn interest for applications ranging from supercapacitive energy storage to bioengineering. However, a simple and scalable fabrication process of such materials, employing low‐cost chemical compounds without sacrificing morphological and chemical control, remains lacking. Here, a novel, rapid, continuous bottom‐up strategy for synthesizing structurally tunable porous carbon network films on insulating and conductive substrates is reported. By employing rapid thermal annealing (RTA) of a commercial polyacrylonitrile‐based blend, simultaneous phase separation and thermal crosslinking are induced, effectively freezing the structure. Subsequent burning of degradable components generates a porous carbon framework ( ≈ 360 to 700 nm) doped with nitrogen and oxygen atoms. Introducing a boron‐containing reagent in the precursor solution enables boron doping and pore size reduction as small as 20 nm, enhancing materials' performance. The direct fabrication of micro‐supercapacitors on stainless steel substrates is demonstrated, achieving an areal capacitance of 12.7 mF cm−2 at 50 mV s−1, with ≈98% retention after 10 000 charge/discharge cycles. The benefit of boron doping is further highlighted for wound healing applications. Because RTA is already an established industrial method, this platform directly facilitates the synthesis of functional porous heteroatom‐doped carbon structures using commercial polymers and dopants for various applications.
Heterostructured Bimetallic MOF‐on‐MOF Architectures for Efficient Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Jiang Yuanjuan , Chen Tsung‐Yi , Chen Jeng‐Lung , Liu Ying , Yuan Xiaolu , Yan Jicong , Sun Qi , Xu Zichen , Zhang Daliang , Wang Xiang , Meng Changgong , Guo Xinwen , Ren Limin , Liu Lingmei , Lin Ryan Yeh‐Yung 
Published: October 2023

AbstractElectron modulation presents a captivating approach to fabricate efficient electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), yet it remains a challenging undertaking. In this study, an effective strategy is proposed to regulate the electronic structure of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) by the construction of MOF‐on‐MOF heterogeneous architectures. As a representative heterogeneous architectures, MOF‐74 on MOF‐274 hybrids are in situ prepared on 3D metal substrates (NiFe alloy foam (NFF)) via a two‐step self‐assembly method, resulting in MOF‐(74 + 274)@NFF. Through a combination of spectroscopic and theory calculation, the successful modulation of the electronic property of MOF‐(74 + 274)@NFF is unveiled. This modulation arises from the phase conjugation of the two MOFs and the synergistic effect of the multimetallic centers (Ni and Fe). Consequently, MOF‐(74 + 274)@NFF exhibits excellent OER activity, displaying ultralow overpotentials of 198 and 223 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm−2 in the 1.0 and 0.1 M KOH solutions, respectively. This work paves the way for manipulating the electronic structure of electrocatalysts to enhance their catalytic activity.
Self‐Powered and Self‐Healable Extraocular‐Muscle‐Like Actuator Based on Dielectric Elastomer Actuator and Triboelectric Nanogenerator
Authors: Liu Yanze , Yue Shangzhi , Tian Zhongyuan , Zhu Zijuan , Li Yongji , Chen Xiangyu , Wang Zhong Lin , Yu Zhong‐Zhen , Yang Dan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAlthough dielectric elastomer actuators (DEAs) are promising artificial muscles for use as visual prostheses in patients with oculomotor nerve palsy (ONP), high driving voltage coupled with vulnerable compliant electrodes limits their safe long‐term service. Herein, a self‐healable polydimethylsiloxane compliant electrode based on reversible imine bonds and hydrogen bonds is prepared and coated on an acrylic ester film to develop a self‐healable DEA (SDEA), followed by actuation with a high‐output triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) to construct a self‐powered DEA (TENG‐SDEA). Under 135.9 kV mm−1, the SDEA exhibits an elevated actuated strain of 50.6%, comparable to the actuation under DC power. Moreover, the mechanically damaged TENG‐SDEA displays a self‐healing efficiency of over 90% for 10 cycles. The TENG ensures the safe using of TENG‐SDEAs and an extraocular‐muscle‐like actuator with oriented motion ability integrated by several TENG‐SDEAs is constructed. Additionally, the SDEA is directly used as a flexible capacitive sensor for real‐time monitoring of the patient's muscle movement. Accordingly, a medical aid system based on a conjunction of the extraocular‐muscle‐like actuator and a flexible capacitive sensor is manufactured to help the patients suffering from ONP with physical rehabilitation and treatment.
(Hetero)Aryl Fluorosulfates (ArOSO2F): Good Coupling Partners in Transition‐metal‐catalyzed Reactions
Authors: Guan Chenfei , Qi Huijie , Han Linjun , Zhang Guofu , Ding Chengrong 
Published: October 2023

Abstract(Hetero)Aryl fluorosulfates (ArOSO2F/ArOFs) emerged as a versatile synthon in “click chemistry,” attracting the interest of chemists owing to their extensive applications in fields such as biology, medicine, materials, and polymers. Readily prepared from widely available phenolic compounds in nature, fluorosulfates serve as a economical, efficient, and environmentally friendly alternative to trifluoromethane sulfonates. In recent years, fluorosulfates have attracted research attention as emerging electrophilic reagents in transition‐metal‐catalyzed coupling reactions. The development of a broad range of coupling reactions will considerably expand their applications in interdisciplinary fields. This review summarized the synthesis methods for fluorosulfates and their instances as coupling partners in various transition‐metal‐catalyzed reactions.
Cascading Integration of Electrofermentation and Photosynthesis—Low‐Carbon Biorefinery in Closed Loop Approach
Authors: Sravan Jagiri Shanthi , Hemalatha Manupati , Mohan Sreenivasulu Venkata 
Published: October 2023

AbstractSingle‐chambered electrofermentation (EF) bioreactors are operated using spent wash to evaluate the effect of applied voltage (EF/AV; −0.6 V) against closed‐circuit (EF/CC; 100 Ω) and control (EF/C; no voltage/resistance) operations using deoiled microalgae biomass‐derived biochar electrodes (anode) on increasing acidogenesis rate/efficiency. Higher total volatile fatty acids (VFA) production (mg L−1) is observed in EF/AV (2866), depicting 31% and 57% increments than EF/CC (1984) and EF/C (1224), respectively. The VFA profiles (C2–C4) in EF/AV are higher with acetic/butyric/propionic acids (1922/704/240 mg L−1) and biogas co‐generation [H2 (22%) and CH4 (3%)] than EF/CC and EF/C. The applied voltage (EF/AV) helps in electron flux regulation for increasing substrates conversion and VFA generation. Residual VFA‐rich effluents from EF process is utilized as substrate to mixotrophic microalgae cultivation (nutrient‐ and stress‐phase) that resulted in biomass production with simultaneous wastewater treatment. EF/AV depicts higher biomass growth (0.72 g L−1; 4th day) and substrate removal (63%) than other operations. Integrations of electrofermentation with photosynthetic processes operated with the residual resources in effluents towards product valorization and wastewater polishing, accounts for low‐carbon economy.
The Synergetic Effects of Ru and Al Co‐Doping for Improved Cyclability of LiCoO2 at High Voltages
Authors: Cheng Zhenguo , Ma Xiang , Mou Suwei , Zhang Yi , Wu Fang , Xiang Yong , Zhang Xiaokun 
Published: October 2023

AbstractLiCoO2 is one of the most extensively deployed cathode materials in commercial lithium‐ion batteries. However, it remains a challenge to fulfill the potential specific capacity of LiCoO2 during long‐term cycling, due to the lattice degradations in deep delithiation states. Herein, a dual doping scheme based on Ru and Al is explored, which improves the cyclability of LiCoO2 at high voltages through synergistically reconfiguring electronic structure and stabilizing lattice structure. It is well known that the doped Al will serve as a strong positively charged center and restrain the lattice distortion. The doping of Ru suppresses the occupied O:2p states below Fermi level and stabilizes oxygen redox during cycling. The proposed dual doping strategy improves the accessible energy density and cyclability of LiCoO2 at increased voltages significantly. For example, the dual doped LiCoO2 performs 19% higher energy density at 4.57 V versus Li+/Li than the pristine one. In addition, an initial capacity of 197 mAh g−1 and 86% capacity retention after 100 cycles are achieved from 3.00 to 4.53 V versus Li+/Li. This study sheds a light on the fundamental principles for the development of high‐voltage LiCoO2 and other layered oxide cathode materials with high energy density and excellent cyclability.
Concerted Mechanism of Carrier Dynamics in Laser‐Excited Fen/(MgO)m(001) Heterostructures from Real‐Time Time‐Dependent DFT
Authors: Shomali Elaheh , Gruner Markus E. , Pentcheva Rossitza 
Published: October 2023

AbstractUsing real‐time time‐dependent density functional theory (RT‐TDDFT), the electronic response of a Fen/(MgO)m(001) (n=1,3,5 and m=3,5,7) metal/insulator heterostructure to an optical excitation is calculated, considering laser frequencies below, near, and above the bandgap of the insulator and two directions of polarization. The spatial redistribution of electronic charge after illumination shows a strong dependence on the frequency and polarization direction of the laser pulse with a similar pattern for all thicknesses. The comparison of the layer‐resolved changes in occupation of the ground‐state orbitals after optical excitation obtained for Fen/(MgO)m(001) and bulk Fe reveals the origin of excited carriers in the heterostructures: In the central and interface Fe layers carriers are excited from states in the vicinity of the Fermi‐level to the conduction band of MgO. Simultaneously, excitations take place from the valence band of MgO to Fe states above the Fermi‐level. This concerted mechanism allows for an effective bidirectional relocation of excited carriers between the metallic and insulating subsystems in heterostructures with a thickness of several nanometers, providing an effective accumulation of hot carriers in the insulating layers, even at photon energies in the vicinity and below the bandgap of bulk MgO.
A Halide‐Based Perovskite CsGeX3 (X = Cl, Br, and I) for Optoelectronic and Piezoelectric Applications
Authors: Celestine Lalengmawia , Zosiamliana Renthlei , Gurung Shivraj , Bhandari Shalika Ram , Laref Amel , Abdullaev Sherzod , Rai Dibya Prakash 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBy means of the study of the first principles within the framework of density functional theory, the inorganic metal halide perovskite CsGeX3 (X = Cl, Br, and I) is thoroughly investigated for its potential application in the field of green energy harvest. The structural, electronic, optical, mechanical, and piezoelectric properties have been calculated. Herein, the computed electronic properties reveal a direct bandgap semiconducting nature with electronic bandgap E = 2.01, 1.38, and 0.85 eV for X = Cl, Br, and I, respectively. Since the most prominent absorption peak falls within the vis–UV region, this implies that they are the potential candidates for photovoltaic applications. To check and verify the thermal stability, the MD simulation was performed with time steps up to 5 ps. The highest piezoelectric coefficient values are 0.731, 1.829, and 12.48 C m−2 for X = Cl, Br, and I, respectively. The higher piezoelectric responses indicate the signature of the efficient energy materials for energy harvest through electromechanical processes.