bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of matrix grain size on the kinetics of intergranular diffusion
Authors: Carlson W. D. , Gordon C. L. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractA linear relationship exists between the mean volume of garnet porphyroblasts and the squared inverse of mean matrix grain diameter for six samples of garnetiferous mica quartzite with identical thermal histories and similar mineralogy and modes. This relationship accords with theoretical predictions of the dependence of intergranular diffusive fluxes on the volume fraction of grain edges that function as diffusional pathways during porphyroblast growth. The impact of matrix grain size is large: compared to a rock with a 1‐mm matrix, a rock with a 10‐μm matrix would experience rates of diffusion‐controlled porphyroblast growth that are 10 000 times faster, and characteristic length scales for chemical equilibration that are 100 times larger. Precursor grain sizes may therefore exert a major influence on crystallization kinetics. If matrix coarsening occurs during prograde reaction, a decrease in the volume fraction of diffusional pathways will tend to counteract the exponential thermal increase in diffusive fluxes. The impact of such matrix grain growth, although difficult to assess without firm knowledge of coarsening rates in polymineralic aggregates, might be significant for matrices finer than c. 100 μm at temperatures above c. 500–600 °C, but is likely negligible for coarser grain sizes and lower temperatures.
Evidence from Fe‐ and Al‐rich metapelites for thrust loading in the Transangarian region of the Yenisey Ridge, eastern Siberia
Authors: Likhanov I. I. , Polyansky O. P. , Reverdatto V. V. , Memmi I. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractIn the Transangarian region of the Yenisey Ridge in eastern Siberia (Russia), Fe‐ and Al‐rich metapelitic schists of the Korda plate show field and petrological evidence of two superimposed metamorphic events. An early middle Proterozoic event with age ofc.1100 Ma produced low‐pressure, andalusite‐bearing assemblages atc.3.5–4 kbar and 540–560 °C. During a subsequent late Proterozoic event atc. 850 Ma, a medium‐pressure, regional metamorphic overprint produced kyanite‐bearing mineral assemblages that replaced minerals formed in the low‐pressure event. Based on the results of geothermobarometry andP–Tpath calculations it can be shown that pressure increased from 4.5 to 6.7 kbar at a relatively constant temperature of 540–600 °C towards a major suture zone called the Panimba thrust. In order to produce such nearly isothermal loading of 1–7 °C km −1, we propose a model for the tectono‐metamorphic evolution of the study area based on crustal thickening caused by south‐westward thrusting of the 5–7 km‐thick upper‐plate metacarbonates over lower‐plate metapelites with velocity ofc.350 m Myr−1. A small temperature increase (up to 20 ± 15 °C) of the upper part of the overlapped plate is explained by specific behaviour of steady‐state geotherms calculated using lower radioactive heat production of metacarbonates as compared with metapelites. The suggested thermal‐mechanical model corresponds well withP–Tpaths inferred from obtained thermobarometric data and correlates satisfactorily withP–Ttrajectories predicted by other two‐dimensional thermal models for different crustal thickening and exhumation histories.
Quartz–garnet isotope thermometry in the southern Adirondack Highlands (Grenville Province, New York)
Authors: Peck W. H. , Valley J. W. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractQuartz–garnet oxygen isotope thermometry of quartz‐rich metasedimentary rocks from the southern Adirondack Highlands (Grenville Province, New York) yields metamorphic temperatures of 700–800 °C, consistent with granulite facies mineral assemblages. Samples from the Irving Pond quartzite record Δ18O(Qtz–Grt) = 2.68 ± 0.21‰ (1 s.d., n = 15), corresponding to peak metamorphic conditions of 734 ± 38 °C. This agrees well with the estimates from garnet–biotite exchange thermometry. Similar temperature estimates are obtained from Swede Pond (682 ± 47 °C, n = 3) and King's Station (c. 700 °C). The Whitehall area records higher temperatures (798 ± 25 °C, n = 3). All of these temperatures are higher than previous regional temperature estimates. The c. 800 °C temperatures near Whitehall are consistent with preservation of pre‐granulite contact temperatures adjacent to anorthosite. The preservation of peak metamorphic temperatures in garnet of all sizes is consistent with slow oxygen diffusion in garnet, and closure temperatures of at least 730 °C. Peak metamorphic fractionations are preserved in rocks with varying quartz:feldspar ratios, indicating that the modal percentage of feldspar does not affect retrograde oxygen exchange in these rocks. The lack of this correlation suggests slow rates of oxygen diffusion in quartz and feldspar, consistent with the results of anhydrous oxygen diffusion experiments.
Clinical efficacy of postoperative autologous transfusion of filtered shed blood in hip and knee arthroplasty
Authors: Strümper D. , Weber E.W.G. , Gielen‐Wijffels S. , Drumpt R. Van , Bulstra S. , Slappendel R. , Durieux M.E. , Marcus M.A.E. 
Published: October 2004

BACKGROUND:  Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) or total hip arthroplasty (THA) regularly results in postoperative requirement of blood transfusion. Because of the disadvantages of allogeneic blood transfusion (ABT) such as the risk of transfusion‐associated infections, incompatibility‐related transfusion fatalities, or immunomodulatory effects, a continuing effort to reduce allogeneic blood transfusion is important. For this purpose, the effect of reinfusion of drain blood, via a postoperative wound drainage and reinfusion system, on the need for allogeneic blood transfusion was evaluated.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS:  Using a prospective observational quality assessment design, we compared 135 patients scheduled for TKA or THA with a historic group of 96 patients. In the study group the Bellovac ABT autotransfusion system was used. The shed blood was returned either when 500 mL were collected or at most 6 hours after surgery.Compared were the preoperative, postoperative, and discharge hemoglobin, as well as the number of allogeneic blood transfusions.RESULTS:  There were no statistical differences between preoperative, postoperative, and discharge hemoglobin levels. Autologous transfusion reduced the number of patients receiving ABT overall from 35 percent (control) to 22 percent (study).The decrease of allogeneic transfusion requirement was most significant after TKA: from 18 percent to 6 percent (p < 0.001).CONCLUSION:  We conclude that the Bellovac ABT device reduces allogeneic blood transfusions in TKA and THA.
Factors affecting the efficacy of peripheral blood progenitor cells collections by large‐volume leukaphereses with standardized processing volumes
Authors: Cassens Uwe , Barth Ingo Mathias , Baumann Claudia , Fischer Rudolf‐Josef , Kienast Joachim , Vormoor Josef , Sibrowski Walter 
Published: October 2004

BACKGROUND:  Peripheral blood progenitor cell (PBPC) collections should be safe and efficient. Therefore, the influence and risk factors in large‐volume leukaphereses (LVL) with standardized blood volumes was investigated.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS:  In a total of 724 autologous LVL performed at our center, either 4× or 6× the patient's blood volume (PBV) was processed. The group with processing 4× the PBV showed a median of 31 circulating CD34+ cells per µL, and the group with processing 6× the PBV had a median of 13 CD34+ cells per µL before LVL. Individual clinical factors, laboratory factors, and apheresis run variables influencing the yields of PBPCs were retrospectively analyzed. Furthermore, the changes of laboratory variables and adverse effects during LVL were investigated.RESULTS:  Multivariate analysis identified “age,”“circulating CD34+ cells,” and “percentage of mononuclear cells” as only factors influencing the yields of PBPCs. Altogether, processing 6× versus 4× the PBV did not result in significantly higher yields of CD34+ cells for the total group, but requested PBPC yields were achieved more often after processing 6× the PBV in patients below 20 CD34+ cells per µL blood. Processing 6× versus 4× the PBV showed a significant difference for the decrease of platelets, but not for any other laboratory variable. Adverse effects were recorded in 4.97 percent of LVL without accumulation in one group.CONCLUSION:  In particular, patients with low amounts of circulating CD34+ cells profited from enlarged LVL demonstrating higher PBPC yields but comparable rates of adverse effects.
Extended storage of AS‐1 and AS‐3 leukoreduced red blood cells for 15 days after deglycerolization and resuspension in AS‐3 using an automated closed system
Authors: Bandarenko Nicholas , Hay Shauna N. , Holmberg Jerry , Whitley Pam , Taylor Harry L. , Moroff Gary , Rose Leslie , Kowalsky Richard , Brumit Marla , Rose Michael , Sawyer Sherrie , Johnson Adrienne , McNeil Deanna , Popovsky Mark A. 
Published: October 2004

BACKGROUND:  The utilization of cryopreserved red blood cell (RBC) units had been limited by a maximum postdeglycerolization storage of 24 hours at 1 to 6°C until the recent development of a closed system for the glycerolization and deglycerolization process.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS:  Sixty leukoreduced additive solution (AS), AS‐1 (n = 30) and AS‐3 (n = 30) RBC units from 500‐mL whole blood (WB) collections were stored for 6 days, glycerolized, frozen at −70 ± 5°C for at least 14 days, thawed, deglycerolized, and stored for 15 days at 1 to 6°C. Glycerolization and deglycerolization were performed with the ACP 215. In‐vitro variables were tested before glycerolization, on Day 0, and Day 15 after deglycerolization storage. Forty donors were assessed for double‐label 24‐hour percent recovery, and T1/2 survival time was measured for 20 donors.RESULTS:  Postdeglycerolization mean ± standard deviation in‐vitro RBC mass recoveries were 93 ± 5 percent for AS‐1 and 95 ± 4 percent for AS‐3. Mean hemoglobin ± standard deviation after deglycerolization was 50.5 ± 5.5g for AS‐1 and 50.1 ± 3.5g for AS‐3. Mean hemolysis (Day 15) was 0.36 ± 0.11 percent for AS‐1 and 0.38 ± 0.13 percent for AS‐3. Double‐label 24‐hour in‐vivo recoveries were 82.5 ± 7.8 percent for AS‐1 and 81.4 ± 7.1 percent for AS‐3. The 51Cr T1/2 value was 41.8 ± 3.97 for AS‐1 and 40.6 ± 7.11 for AS‐3. Other in‐vitro variables were as expected.CONCLUSION:  Leukoreduced AS‐1 and AS‐3 RBCs after frozen storage at −70 ± 5°C can be stored for up to 14 days when processing is performed with the ACP 215 system with resuspension of deglycerolized RBCs in AS‐3.
Impact of ABO incompatibility on allogeneic peripheral blood progenitor cell transplantation after reduced intensity conditioning
Authors: Canals Carmen , Muñiz‐Díaz Eduardo , Martínez Clara , Martino Rodrigo , Moreno Imma , Ramos Adelaida , Arilla Marina , Boto Neus , Pastoret Concepción , Remacha Angel , Sierra Jorge , Madoz Pedro 
Published: October 2004

BACKGROUND:  Most studies indicate that ABO incompatibility has no effect on the clinical outcome after allogeneic peripheral blood progenitor cell (PBPC) transplantation (allo‐PBPCT). However, it carries additional risks of hemolytic reactions, delayed red blood cell (RBC) engraftment, and pure red cell aplasia (PRCA). Data on these events after reduced intensity conditioning (RIC) regimens are limited, but recent studies have suggested a higher transplant‐related mortality (TRM) and morbidity in this setting.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS:  We investigated the impact of ABO‐matching on the outcome of 77 patients included in a prospective RIC allo‐PBPCT protocol, focusing on engraftment, transfusion requirements, graft‐versus‐host disease, TRM, and survival.RESULTS:  There were 17 (22%) minor and 8 (10%) major ABO‐incompatible transplants. No graft failures were observed. After major ABO‐incompatible grafts, RBC engraftment was delayed, longer thrombocytopenia periods were documented, and transfusion requirements increased. A transient mild hemolysis occurred in 10 patients, 7 (41%) minor and 3 (37%) major ABO‐mismatched. A PRCA was observed in a O+ patient with a pretransplant anti‐Jka, grafted from an A + Jka+ donor. Graft‐versus‐host disease, disease progression, and TRM were not affected by ABO matching.CONCLUSION:  ABO incompatibility was not associated with clinically relevant hemolysis after the RIC protocol used and did not impair the clinical outcome. PRCA was only observed in one patient, with a non‐ABO RBC allo‐antibody.
Complications of double‐filtration plasmapheresis
Authors: Yeh Jiann‐Horng , Chen Wei‐Hung , Chiu Hou‐Chang 
Published: October 2004

BACKGROUND:  Double‐filtration plasmapheresis (DFP) removes high‐molecular‐weight molecules semiselectively, thereby minimizing albumin loss, but with subsequent need for fluid substitution. The purpose of this study was to establish the overall incidence of complications during DFP and to analyze the possible contributory factors.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS:  From November 1993 to October 2003, a total of 2502 plasmapheresis procedures were performed during 515 courses of plasmapheresis in 335 patients. The medical and technical records for these patients were reviewed.RESULTS:  The overall frequency of complications was 67.5 percent per patient, 60.0 percent per course, and 26.3 percent per procedure. The rate of major complications was 18.2 percent of patients, 13.2 percent of courses, and 2.7 percent of procedures. Hemolysis, the most common complication of DFP, occurred in 20 percent of patients. A total of 83 (3.3%) episodes of hypotension were documented in 63 patients. Vascular‐access‐related complications constituted approximately 17 percent of the total. There was one documented episode of clinically overt bleeding from laboratory coagulopathy necessitating infusion of fresh plasma to stop bleeding. There was no allergic reaction or mortality associated with the DFP procedures. The per‐patient frequency of hypotension was higher in cases of chronic inflammatory neuropathy (35.1%) compared to the other illness categories (15.4%‐17.3%), with marginal significance demonstrated (p = 0.0611).CONCLUSION:  The safety of DFP treatment has been confirmed by this study. High‐risk patients should be monitored carefully during treatment to minimize the occurrence of complications.
Immune responsiveness against allogeneic platelet transfusions is determined by the recipient's major histocompatibility complex class II phenotype
Authors: Sayeh Ebrahim , Aslam Rukshana , Speck Edwin R. , Le‐Tien Hoang , Lazarus Alan H. , Freedman John , Semple John W. 
Published: October 2004

BACKGROUND:  Immunoglobulin G (IgG) anti‐platelet (PLT) immunity has been shown to be initiated by indirect allorecognition where recipient T cells recognize donor PLT antigens presented by class II molecules encoded by the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) on recipient antigen‐presenting cells. To understand how the recipient's MHC class II molecules may influence PLT alloimmunity, immune responsiveness against transfused PLTs was tested in different mouse strains.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS:  Various inbred and mutant mouse strains were transfused with allogeneic PLTs and IgG donor antibodies were measured by flow cytometry.RESULTS:  When recipient mice, expressing both MHC class II I‐A and MHC class II I‐E molecules, were transfused weekly with allogeneic PLTs, high titers of IgG donor antibodies were generated. In comparison, however, recipient mice expressing only MHC class II I‐A molecules had significantly (p < 0.001) reduced IgG antibody responsiveness against PLT transfusions. The low IgG responder status against allogeneic PLT transfusions was rescued in transgenic mice expressing I‐E molecules and in mice genetically deficient in either β2‐microglobulin or CD8+ T cells.CONCLUSION:  IgG immune responsiveness against allogeneic PLT transfusions is dependent on recipient expression of I‐E MHC class II molecules, whereas I‐A expression is linked with CD8‐mediated suppression of PLT immunity. The data suggest that strategies to modify recipient MHC class II presentation of donor PLT antigens would be effective in eliminating PLT alloimmunity.
The Fibrinogen Receptor FbsA Promotes Adherence of
Streptococcus agalactiae
to Human Epithelial Cells
Authors: Schubert Axel , Zakikhany Katherina , Pietrocola Giampiero , Meinke Andreas , Speziale Pietro , Eikmanns Bernhard J. , Reinscheid Dieter J. 
Published: October 2004

ABSTRACT

Streptococcus agalactiae
is a major cause of bacterial pneumonia, sepsis, and meningitis in human neonates. During the course of infection,
S. agalactiae
adheres to a variety of epithelial cells but the underlying mechanisms are only poorly understood. The present report demonstrates the importance of the fibrinogen receptor FbsA for the streptococcal adherence and invasion of epithelial cells. Deletion of the
fbsA
gene in various
S. agalactiae
strains substantially reduced their binding of soluble fibrinogen and their adherence to and invasion of epithelial cells, indicating a role of FbsA in these different processes. The adherence and invasiveness of an
fbsA
deletion mutant were partially restored by reintroducing the
fbsA
gene on an expression vector. Heterologous expression of
fbsA
in
Lactococcus lactis
enabled this bacterium to adhere to but not to invade epithelial cells, suggesting that FbsA is a streptococcal adhesin. Flow cytometry experiments revealed a dose-dependent binding of FbsA to the surface of epithelial cells. Furthermore, tissue culture experiments exhibited an intimate contact of FbsA-coated latex beads with the surfaces of human epithelial cells. Finally, host cell adherence and invasion were significantly blocked in competition experiments with either purified FbsA protein or a monoclonal antibody directed against the fibrinogen-binding epitope of FbsA. Taken together, our studies demonstrate that FbsA promotes the adherence of
S. agalactiae
to epithelial cells but that FbsA does not mediate the bacterial invasion into host cells. Our results also indicate that fibrinogen-binding epitopes within FbsA are involved in the adherence of
S. agalactiae
to epithelial cells.
Regulation ofCandida albicansMorphogenesis by Fatty Acid Metabolites
Authors: Noverr Mairi C. , Huffnagle Gary B. 
Published: October 2004

ABSTRACTCandida albicansis an opportunistic dimorphic fungus that inhabits various host mucosal sites. Conversion from the yeast to the hyphal form has been associated with increased virulence and mucosal invasiveness.C. albicansmorphogenesis is regulated by multiple signals and signaling pathways. However, signals that control morphogenesis in vivo are unknown. We investigated the effects of host long chain fatty acids, eicosanoids, and bacterial short chain fatty acids on control of germination. None of the C18or C20fatty acids tested had an effect on enhancing germ tube formation (arachidonic acid, oleic acid, linolenic acid, or γ-linolenic acid). Among the different eicosanoids, both prostaglandin E2and thromboxane B2significantly enhanced serum-induced germination byC. albicans. Addition of antiprostaglandin or antithromboxane antibodies to serum alone inhibited germ tube formation by almost 30%, while control antibody had no effect, indicating that these eicosanoids are major morphogenic factors in the serum. Since these molecules also bind to albumin, this may also explain the hyphal transforming activity in serum that associates with albumin. Interestingly, short chain fatty acids (butyric acid), the product of lactic acid bacteria (LAB), inhibited germination. In addition, LAB culture supernatants as well as live LAB also inhibitedC. albicansmorphogenesis. Overall, these results indicate that fatty acid metabolites and fatty acid pathways can up-regulate and down-regulate germination inC. albicans.
Macrophages from Mice with the Restrictive
Lgn1
Allele Exhibit Multifactorial Resistance to
Legionella pneumophila
Authors: Derré Isabelle , Isberg Ralph R. 
Published: October 2004

ABSTRACT

Although
Legionella pneumophila
can multiply in diverse cell types from a variety of species, macrophages from most inbred mouse strains are nonpermissive for intracellular replication and allow little or no growth of the bacteria. This phenomenon is likely genetically controlled by the mouse
naip5
(
birc1e
) gene located within the
Lgn1
locus. In this study, we have investigated the resistance of C57BL/6J macrophages to
L. pneumophila
infection by examining the fate of both the bacterium and the infected cells compared to that in macrophages from the permissive A/J strain. Our results indicate that although the trafficking of the
L. pneumophila
-containing vacuole is partially disrupted in C57BL/6J macrophages, this cannot account for the severity of the defect in intracellular growth observed in this strain. Infected macrophages are lost shortly after infection, and at later times a larger fraction of the C57BL/6J macrophages in which
L. pneumophila
undergoes replication are apoptotic compared to those derived from A/J mice. Finally, a loss of bacterial counts occurs after the first round of growth. Therefore, the resistance mechanism of C57BL/6J macrophages to
L. pneumophila
infection appears to be multifactorial, and we discuss how early and late responses result in clearing the infection.
Cell Wall Mannan and Cell Surface Hydrophobicity in
Candida albicans
Serotype A and B Strains
Authors: Masuoka James , Hazen Kevin C. 
Published: October 2004

ABSTRACT

Cell surface hydrophobicity contributes to the pathogenesis of the opportunistic fungal pathogen
Candida albicans
. Previous work demonstrated a correlation between hydrophobicity status and changes in the acid-labile, phosphodiester-linked β-1,2-oligomannoside components of the N-linked glycans of cell wall mannoprotein. Glycan composition also defines the two major serotypes, A and B, of
C. albicans
strains. Here, we show that the cell surface hydrophobicity of the two serotypes is qualitatively different, suggesting that the serotypes may differ in how they modulate cell surface hydrophobicity status. The cell wall mannoproteins from hydrophilic and hydrophobic cells of both serotypes were compared to determine whether the glycan differences due to serotype affect the glycan differences due to hydrophobicity status. Composition analysis showed that the protein, hexose, and phosphate contents of the mannoprotein fraction did not differ significantly among the strains tested. Electrophoretic profiles of the acid-labile mannan differed only with hydrophobicity status, not serotype, though some strain-specific differences were observed. Furthermore, a newly available β-1,2-oligomannoside ladder allowed unambiguous identification of acid-labile mannan components. Finally, to assess whether the acid-stable mannan also affects cell surface hydrophobicity status, this fraction was fragmented into its component branches by acetolysis. The electrophoretic profiles of the acid-stable branches were very similar regardless of hydrophobicity status. However, differences were observed between serotypes. These results support and extend our current model that modification of the acid-labile β-1,2-oligomannoside chain length but not modification of the acid-stable region is one common mechanism by which switching of cell surface hydrophobicity status of
C. albicans
strains occurs.