bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trends in clinical management of women with von Willebrand disease: a survey of 75 women enrolled in haemophilia treatment centres in the United States
Authors: Kirtava A , Crudder S , Dilley A , Lally C , Evatt B 
Published: December 2004

Summary.  Objective:  To assess the management of women with von Willebrand disease( vWD) in an Heamophilia Treatment Center (HTC) setting.Methods:  A total of 75 women with vWd who were registered in HTCs in the United States participated in this study. A telephone interview elicited information about symptoms pertaining to bleeding disorders, diagnostic issues, referral patterns, treatment modalities before and after the enrollment in the HTC, HTC services provided, and satisfaction with care in the HTC.Results:  Menorrhagia was the most commonly reported symptom (84%). The average time from the first symptom until clinician recognition was 16 years (range 0‐39). In HTC, DDAVP was the most commonly used drug (31%). Of the 75 women, 71 reported a strong positive opinion and satisfaction about their care in the HTCs.Discussion:  Women with VWD were typically diagnosed with the condition well into adulthood, in spite of the fact that majority of them experienced several bleeding symptoms beginning in early childhood. In general an HTC setting is appropriate for management of women with bleeding disorders. Diagnosis, treatment and education provided in the HTCs were viewed positively by those surveyed.
Nectin‐dependent localization of synaptic scaffolding molecule (S‐SCAM) at the puncta adherentia junctions formed between the mossy fibre terminals and the dendrites of pyramidal cells in the CA3 area of the mouse hippocampus
Authors: Yamada Akio , Irie Kenji , Deguchi‐Tawarada Maki , Ohtsuka Toshihisa , Takai Yoshimi 
Published: December 2004

AbstractBackground:  Two types of intercellular junctions, synaptic junctions (SJs) and puncta adherentia junctions (PAs), are observed at the synapses between the mossy fibre terminals and the dendrites of pyramidal cells in the CA3 area of the hippocampus. SJs are associated with active zones and postsynaptic densities (PSDs) where neurotransmission occurs, whereas PAs are not associated with either of them. We have found that the nectin‐afadin unit as well as the N‐cadherin‐catenin unit localizes at the PAs and that both the units cooperatively organize the PAs. Nectins are Ca2+‐independent Ig‐like cell‐cell adhesion molecules and afadin is a nectin‐ and actin filament‐binding protein that connects nectins to the actin cytoskeleton. Synaptic scaffolding molecule (S‐SCAM) is a neural scaffolding protein which interacts with many proteins including neuroligin, NMDA receptors, neural plakophilin‐related armadillo‐repeat protein/δ‐catenin, a GDP/GTP exchange protein for Rap1 small G protein (PDZ‐Rap‐GEP), and β‐catenin. S‐SCAM has been suggested to be a component of PSDs, but its precise localization at the synapses remains unknown.Results:  S‐SCAM was not concentrated at the PSDs but highly concentrated and co‐localized with nectins at both the sides of the PAs formed between the mossy fibre terminals and the dendrites of pyramidal cells in the CA3 area of the adult mouse hippocampus. S‐SCAM co‐localized with nectin‐1 at the primitive synapses where the SJs and the PAs were not morphologically differentiated, and they co‐localized during the maturation of the SJs and the PAs. Nectin‐1 had a potency to recruit S‐SCAM to the nectin‐1‐based cell‐cell adhesion sites formed in cadherin‐deficient L cells as a model system. This recruitment was dependent on the C‐terminal PDZ domain‐binding motif of nectin‐1 which is necessary for the binding of afadin, suggesting that nectins recruit S‐SCAM through afadin. Consistently, S‐SCAM was co‐immunoprecipitated with afadin by the anti‐S‐SCAM antibody from the mouse brain, but S‐SCAM did not directly bind afadin.Conclusion:  These results indicate that S‐SCAM localizes at the PAs in the CA3 area of the hippocampus in a nectin‐dependent manner and suggest that S‐SCAM serves as a scaffolding molecule at the PAs after maturation of the synapses and at the SJs during the maturation.
The effects of the net fishery closure on angling catch in the River Hvítá, Iceland
Authors: Einarsson S. M. , Gudbergsson G. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractBetween 1991 and 2000, angling associations on the tributaries of the River Hvítá leased net fishery rights in the Hvítá mainstem, with the aim of eliminating net fishery harvest and improving the rod catch. The rod catch and net catch in the Hvítá system were significantly correlated (r = 0.94; P < 0.001) over the 10‐year period prior to (1981–1990) closure of the net fishery. The rod fishery in the tributaries of the River Hvítá was also significantly correlated to the rod fishery in selected groups of rivers in west (r = 0.80; P < 0.01) and north (r = 0.73; P < 0.05) before the closure. Significant increases (P < 0.01) were observed in rod catches in the Hvítá tributaries between 1991 and 2000 after the closure, while rod catches in control regions decreased. Based on evaluation of rod catch trends before and after the closure, it was estimated that the net fishery lease increased rod catches in the tributaries between 1773 and 2175 fish (28–35%). The increase in rod catches also suggested that the rod fishery may be taking 39–52% of the estimated previous net catch. The high price paid annually for the net fishery lease just to eliminate net fishing (€135 000) reflects the high value of rod caught salmon compared with salmon caught by the net fishery.
Interannual variability of the ecosystem of the Kii Channel, the Inland Sea of Japan, as influenced by bottom intrusion of cold and nutrient‐rich water from the Pacific Ocean, and a recent trend of warming and oligotrophication
Authors: Ozaki Koji , Uye Shin‐Ichi , Kusumoto Teruichi , Hagino Tetsuo 
Published: December 2004

AbstractInterannual variability of the ecosystem of the Kii Channel, productive shelf water on the Pacific side of south‐western Japan, was analysed based on physicochemical environmental variables and abundance of major zooplankton taxa collected monthly for 12 yr from 1987 to 1999. The Kii Channel experienced both short‐term (i.e. 3–4 yr) cyclical changes and a long‐term (i.e. decadal) environmental trend. The short‐term variability was primarily associated with year‐to‐year differences in intrusion of subsurface, cold nutrient‐rich water along the bottom of the Kii Channel from the Pacific Ocean. When this bottom intrusion was intense, the Kii Channel experienced a cold, new production‐dominated ecosystem. The bottom intrusion, however, has become less intense in recent years, because of the closer proximity of the Kuroshio flow axis to the Kii Channel. Hence, there was a consistent trend towards warming and a regenerated production‐dominated ecosystem. In accordance with such environmental changes, the zooplankton community shifted towards more oceanic conditions; major herbivorous calanoids (i.e. Calanus sinicus, Paracalanus parvus (s.l.), Clausocalanus spp. and Acartia omorii) decreased, while carnivores (i.e. hydromedusae and Sagitta spp.) increased. The amount of total fish catch also decreased, while the catch of subtropical species increased. These findings lead us to conclude that the bottom intrusion from the Pacific Ocean plays a key role in determining the biological production in the Kii Channel.
Late winter larval mesopelagic fish assemblage in the Kuroshio waters of the western North Pacific
Authors: Sassa Chiyuki , Kawaguchi Kouichi , Mori Ken 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe larval mesopelagic fish assemblage and its distribution patterns were investigated in the Kuroshio region off southern Japan in late winter. A total of 8690 fish larvae was collected, 85.8% of which were mesopelagic fish larvae. Mesopelagic fish larvae were significantly more abundant in the area east of the Kuroshio axis than west of the Kuroshio axis (660.6 versus 194.5 ind 10 m−2). Sigmops gracile, Bathylagus ochotensis, Notoscopelus japonicus, Diaphus slender type and Myctophum asperum were the five most abundant larvae and accounted for 16.9, 16.4, 15.2, 13.9 and 9.3% of the total catch in numbers, respectively. We conclude that these larvae were transported by the Kuroshio Current to the more productive transition waters, where they spend their juvenile stage from spring to early summer. The possibility of expatriation and southward long‐distance spawning migrations of N. japonicus and B. ochotensis are discussed, based on the geographic distribution patterns of their larvae, juveniles and adults.
Impact of freshwater input and wind on landings of anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) and sardine (Sardina pilchardus) in shelf waters surrounding the Ebre (Ebro) River delta (north‐western Mediterranean)
Authors: Lloret J. , Palomera I. , Salat J. , Sole I. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractTime series analyses (Box–Jenkins models) were used to study the influence of river runoff and wind mixing index on the productivity of the two most abundant species of small pelagic fish exploited in waters surrounding the Ebre (Ebro) River continental shelf (north‐western Mediterranean): anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) and sardine (Sardina pilchardus). River flow and wind were selected because they are known to enhance fertilization and local planktonic production, thus being crucial for the survival of fish larvae. Time series of the two environmental variables and landings of the two species were analysed to extract the trend and seasonality. All series displayed important seasonal and interannual fluctuations. In the long term, landings of anchovy declined while those of sardine increased. At the seasonal scale, landings of anchovy peaked during spring/summer while those of sardine peaked during spring and autumn. Seasonality in landings of anchovy was stronger than in sardine. Concerning the environmental series, monthly average Ebre runoff showed a progressive decline from 1960 until the late 1980s, and the wind mixing index was highest during 1994–96. Within the annual cycle, the minimum river flow occurs from July to October and the wind mixing peaks in winter (December–April, excluding January). The results of the analyses showed a significant correlation between monthly landings of anchovy and freshwater input of the Ebre River during the spawning season of this species (April–August), with a time lag of 12 months. In contrast, monthly landings of sardine were significantly positively correlated with the wind mixing index during the spawning season of this species (November–March), with a lag of 18 months. The results provide evidence of the influence of riverine inputs and wind mixing on the productivity of small pelagic fish in the north‐western Mediterranean. The time lags obtained in the relationships stress the importance of river runoff and wind mixing for the early stages of anchovy and sardine, respectively, and their impact on recruitment.
Effects of sediment resuspension on phytoplankton production: teasing apart the influences of light, nutrients and algal entrainment
Authors: Schallenberg Marc , Burns Carolyn W. 
Published: December 2004

Summary1. Wind‐induced sediment resuspension can affect planktonic primary productivity by influencing light penetration and nutrient availability, and by contributing meroplankton (algae resuspended from the lake bed) to the water column. We established relationships between sediment resuspension, light and nutrient availability to phytoplankton in a shallow lake on four occasions.2. The effects of additions of surficial sediments and nutrients on the productivity of phytoplankton communities were measured in 300 mL gas‐tight bottles attached to rotating plankton wheels and exposed to a light gradient, in 24 h incubations at in situ temperatures.3. While sediment resuspension always increased primary productivity, resuspension released phytoplankton from nutrient limitation in only two of the four experiments because the amount of available nitrogen and phosphorus entrained from the sediments was small compared with typical baseline levels in the water column. In contrast, chlorophyll a entrainment was substantial compared with baseline water column concentrations and the contribution of meroplankton to primary production was important at times, especially when seasonal irradiance in the lake was high.4. Comparison of the in situ light climate with the threshold of light‐limitation of the phytoplankton indicated that phytoplankton in the lake were only likely to be light‐limited at times of extreme turbidity (e.g. >200 nephelometric turbidity units), particularly when these occur in winter. Therefore, resuspension influenced phytoplankton production mainly via effects on available nutrients and by entraining algae. The importance of each of these varied in time.5. The partitioning of primary productivity between the water column and sediments in shallow lakes greatly influences the outcome of resuspension events for water column primary productivity.
Mechanisms regulating zooplankton populations in a high‐mountain lake
Authors: Winder Monika , Bürgi Hans Rudolf , Spaak Piet 
Published: December 2004

SUMMARY 1. We studied the seasonal succession of phyto‐ and zooplankton and the potential impact of predation by salmonids on zooplankton population dynamics in a high‐mountain Swiss lake.2. A comparison of patterns in the abundance, body length, fecundity and age structure in the Daphnia galeata population strongly suggests that trout predation had little impact on the population and was not the cause for a decline in summer.3. The dominance in the lake of adult trout that feed mainly on benthic prey may buffer the effect of predation on the larger zooplankton. Further, the relatively high amount of phytoplankton after spring thaw could be important for sustaining the Daphnia population under moderate fish predation.4. Partial correlation analyses proved circumstantial evidence for both exploitative and interference competition between some zooplankton taxa. D. galeata depressed performance of other plankton species through exploitative competition.5. Our study shows that the impact of fish on zooplankton in high‐mountain lakes depends strongly on food web structure and trophic state of the lake. Where fish predation is weak, invertebrate predation combined with competition for food may be responsible for the dominance of large‐bodied zooplankton species.
Marked recent increases of colonial scaled chrysophytes in boreal lakes: implications for the management of taste and odour events
Authors: Paterson Andrew M. , Cumming Brian F. , Smol John P. , Hall Roland I. 
Published: December 2004

Summary1. Lake managers suspect that taste and odour‐causing algal blooms are increasing in frequency and intensity, although long‐term monitoring records are scarce, and a number of critical scientific and management questions remain unanswered.2. In nutrient‐poor lakes and reservoirs, these events are caused primarily by sporadic outbreaks of some chrysophyte algae, which leave identifiable markers in lake sediments. We examine the siliceous remains of these organisms in more than fifty boreal lakes at broad temporal and spatial scales.3. Colonial scaled chrysophytes, including the taste and odour‐causing Synura petersenii, have increased markedly in more that 90% of the lakes examined since pre‐industrial times.4. Detailed stratigraphic analyses of two lakes show a rise in the abundance of colonial taxa in the 1930s to 1950s, with a sharp increase over the past two decades.5. An examination of biogenic silica and biological ratios in Crosson Lake, Ontario, Canada, indicate that these changes represent true increases in the absolute abundance of colonial chrysophytes.6. Rapid increases over the past two decades indicate that these trends are the result of one or more anthropogenic stressors that are operating at a broad, regional scale.
Strategic size changes of internal organs and muscle tissue in the Bar‐tailed Godwit during fat storage on a spring stopover site
Authors: Landys‐Ciannelli M. M. , Piersma T. , Jukema J. 
Published: December 2004

Summary

In several migrant bird species it has now been established that refuelling is typified not only by fat deposition, but also by changes in lean body protein. The body composition of a long‐distance migratory shorebird, the Bar‐tailed Godwit Limosa lapponica taymyrensis, was examined on a stopover site in spring to evaluate changes in lean dry mass of organ and muscle tissue over the period of refuelling.
It was hypothesized that tissues which support long‐distance flight would hypertrophy and reach peak size towards the end of refuelling, i.e. immediately before the 4500‐km bout of flight to Arctic breeding grounds. In contrast, it was hypothesized that tissues involved in digestion would initially hypertrophy, but then atrophy during the final stages of stopover, so that wing loading during long‐distance flight would be minimized.
Flight muscles of godwits steadily increased in lean dry mass during refuelling and reached peak size in birds preparing to depart the stopover site – possibly in an effort to maximize power output.
In contrast, the lean dry mass of stomach, liver, kidneys and intestines of godwits increased only during the early stages of refuelling, indicating a quick initial growth of organs involved in the support of refuelling activities. Additionally, in birds readying for departure, the intestines no longer differed in size from those of recent arrivals, suggesting a reduction in size of digestive tissues prior to flight.
Such changes in body composition appear consistent with those found in another shorebird and in a grebe preparing for a bout of migratory flight, suggesting a common pattern in allocation of lean body mass in at least some migratory species during fuelling.
The implications of food hardness for diet in bats
Authors: Aguirre L. F. , Herrel A. , Van Damme R. , MatThysen E. 
Published: December 2004

Summary

Neotropical bat communities are characterized by a broad species diversity, which can be achieved and maintained only through partitioning of the available resources.
Here patterns of trophic resource utilization within a single neotropical savanna bat community are investigated. Moreover, the physical properties of food items (i.e. hardness), its variation with food size, and whether food hardness differs between items consumed by the bats in this community are investigated experimentally.
The results show that food hardness increases with the size of the food item, and that distinct differences exist in the amount of force needed to crush different food items (beetles vs other insects vs fruits).
Using previously published data on bite forces from species in the same community it is explored whether food hardness may play a role in shaping the diets of the bats in the community. The combined data on bite forces and food hardness indicate that food hardness can both directly and indirectly limit dietary diversity in bats.
The results also indicate that dietary specialization may potentially result in a decrease in trophic breadth for some species through its effect on bite performance.
A forensic approach to understanding diet and habitat use from stable isotope analysis of (avian) claw material
Authors: Bearhop S. , Furness R. W. , Hilton G. M. , Votier S. C. , Waldron S. 
Published: December 2004

SummaryThe potential of using stable isotope signatures of avian claws in order to infer diet and habitat use was investigated.Highly significant relationships observed between stable carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios (δ13C, δ15N) in the claws and body feathers of resident birds were expected since it was predicted that they were synthesized in the same habitat and approximately the same time of year.Likewise the non‐significant relationships observed between δ13C and δ15N in the claws and tertial feathers of neotropical migrant birds were also predicted since the claws were synthesized in the wintering area and the tertials in the breeding area.The growth rates measured in the claws of five species of palearctic passerines provide evidence that this tissue should integrate dietary and habitat information over a medium temporal scale (probably weeks to months).It is suggested that claws may offer a unique combination of attributes to the isotope ecologist: they are non‐invasively sampled; metabolically inert but grow continuously, and are therefore a more flexible tool than feathers.It is also suggested that that the stable isotope signatures in the claws of mammals and reptiles may provide similar information.
Variation in coral photosynthesis, respiration and growth characteristics in contrasting light microhabitats: an analogue to plants in forest gaps and understoreys?
Authors: Anthony K. R. N. , Hoegh‐Guldberg O. 
Published: December 2004

Summary

The often complex architecture of coral reefs forms a diversity of light microhabitats. Analogous to patterns in forest plants, light variation may drive strategies for efficient light utilization and metabolism in corals.
We investigated the spatial distribution of light regimes in a spur‐and‐groove reef environment and examine the photophysiology of the coral Montipora monasteriata (Forskål 1775), a species with a wide habitat distribution. Specifically, we examined the variation in tissue and skeletal thickness, and photosynthetic and metabolic responses among contrasting light microhabitats.
Daily irradiances reaching corals in caves and under overhangs were 1–5 and 30–40% of those in open habitats at similar depth (3–5 m), respectively. Daily rates of net photosynthesis of corals in cave habitats approximated zero, suggesting more than two orders of magnitude variation in scope for growth across habitats.
Three mechanisms of photoadaptation or acclimation were observed in cave and overhang habitats: (1) a 20–50% thinner tissue layer and 40–60% thinner skeletal plates, maximizing light interception per unit mass; (2) a two‐ to threefold higher photosynthetic efficiency per unit biomass; and (3) low rates of dark respiration.
Specimens from open and cave habitats displayed a high capacity to acclimate to downshifts or upshifts in irradiance, respectively. However, specimens in caves displayed limited acclimation to further irradiance reduction, indicating that these live near their irradiance limit.
Analogous to patterns for some plant species in forest gaps, the morphological plasticity and physiological flexibility of M. monasteriata enable it to occupy light habitats that vary by more than two orders of magnitude.
Mammalian Mcm2/4/6/7 complex forms a toroidal structure
Authors: Yabuta Norikazu , Kajimura Naoko , Mayanagi Kouta , Sato Michio , Gotow Takahito , Uchiyama Yasuo , Ishimi Yukio , Nojima Hiroshi 
Published: December 2004

AbstractBackground: The Mcm proteins are a family of six homologous proteins (Mcm2–7) that play an important role in DNA replication. They form Mcm4/6/7 and Mcm2/4/6/7 complexes, but their structures are not known.Results: We found that the human Mcm2/4/6/7 tetramer forms a toroidal structure, with a central cavity about 3–4 nm in diameter. Observations were made using electron microscopy, employing the image analysis of single particles. The most predominant averaged image displayed a toroid harbouring four bulges forming corners, one of which was larger than the others. This structure was very similar to the mouse Mcm2/4/6/7 tetramer that was independently prepared and analysed by electron microscopy. These toroidal structures are distinct from that of the Mcm4/6/7 hexamer, which was also examined by electron microscopy. GST(glutathione S‐transferase)‐pull down and two hybrid experiments suggest that a putative Mcm6‐Mcm6 hinge contributes to the formation of the Mcm7/4/6/6/4/7 heterohexamer.Conclusions: The Mcm2/4/6/7 tetramer forms a toroidal structure that is distinct from that of the Mcm4/6/7 hexamer in size and shape.