bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In vitro study of size-dependent inhibition of human cytochrome P450 (P450) P450-1A2, P450-2A6, P450-2B6, P450-2C8, P450-2E1, P450-2J2, and P450-3A5 by zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs)
Authors: Chowdhury Lamia , Pung Yuh Fen , Pung Swee Yong , Ong Chin Eng , Kong Cin , Pan Yan 
Published: February 2025

Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) are employed widely in various fields. However, these ZnONPs may potentially inhibit enzyme activities. Cytochrome P450 (P450-) isozymes, which play a crucial function in human bio-transforming drugs, can be inhibited by ZnONPs, leading to slower clearance of co-administrated drugs and elevated drug plasma concentrations. This study aimed to reveal the inhibitory effects of the ZnO nano-sized particles, (<50 nm ZnONP50), (<100nm ZnONP100), and bulk particles (ZnOBP) on human recombinant P450-1A2, P450-2A6, P450-2B6, P450-2C8, P450-2E1, P450-2J2, and P450-3A5 under a size-dependent context. Fluorescence enzymatic assays were carried out to quantify enzyme activities in vitro. The results indicated that ZnO particles inhibited the tested P450 isozymes with varying potencies. ZnONP50 inhibited P450-2B6 and P450-2E1 with Ki values of 20.3 μg/mL and 16.6 μg/mL following a mixed mode; inhibited P450-2C8 with Ki value of 43.3 μg/mL competitively; inhibited P450-2J2 with Ki values of 8.2 μg/mL and 2. 5 μg/mL non-competitively. ZnONP100 inhibited P450-2B6 and P450-2E1 with Ki values of 6.7 μg/mL and 40.1 μg/mL following mixed mode; inhibited P450-2J2 with Ki value of 20.0 μg/mL following mixed or non-competitive mode; inhibited P450-3A5 with Ki value of 0.5 μg/mL non-competitively. ZnOBP competitively inhibited the enzymatic activity of P450-2E1 with Ki value of 28.3 μg/mL. The inhibition potency observed for P450-2B6, P450-2J2, and P450-2E1 depended on the size of the ZnO particle. In conclusion, the interactions between ZnONP products and co-administered drugs metabolized by these inhibited P450-isozymes should be further investigated using in vivo models. Additionally, in silico studies are recommended to characterize these interactions at the molecular level.
Multidimensional Index Model Development for Assessing Exacerbation Prognosis in COPD
Authors: Apriani Nuni , Widiyanti Anggriyana Tri , Ikbari Gissan Rafli , Hermawan Riki 
Published: February 2025

Background: Acute exacerbations are a major cause of poor outcomes in patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). However, attention to early recognition of acute exacerbation symptoms has been limited to FEV1 (Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second). COPD is a complex disease that involves many dimensions, so early symptom recognition requires a more comprehensive multidimensional assessment. This study is a retrospective cohort study to develop a multidimensional index model in assessing the prognosis of exacerbations in COPD patients.
Objectives: This study aims to find a comprehensive index model in the early assessment of exacerbations to reduce mortality and morbidity in COPD patients.
Methods: This study is a retrospective cohort study by conducting non-interventional observations. A total of 28 COPD patients based on GOLD (Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease) criteria were included as respondents.
Results: The Cox Regression survival analysis for the quartiles showed a significant effect of this multidimensional index on predict exacerbation prognosis.
Conclusion: The BODEX + sPO2 provided an adequate match between predicted and observed exacerbation prognosis in COPD.
PENGARUH KUALITAS PELAYANAN, KETERJANGKAUAN BIAYA, KEAMANAN PASIEN, DAN LINGKUNGAN FISIK TERHADAP KEPUASAN PASIEN DI RUMAH SAKIT DR. M. HASSAN TOTO BOGOR TAHUN 2023
Authors: Nopayani Rika , Hardiana Hedy , Hendarwan Harimat 
Published: February 2025

Rumah sakit perlu melakukan upaya terbaik untuk memasuki sektor kesehatan yang telah berkembang pesat dengan berbagai strategi. Kepuasan pasien dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor diantara nya kualitas pelayanan, biaya perawatan, keamanan pasien, dan lingkungan fisik. Salah satunya adalah di RS. Upaya untuk meningkatkan kepuasan pada RSAU dr. M.Hassan Toto sudah dilakukan berbagai macam, akan tetapi dari data kunjungan yang setiap tahun menurun. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui pengaruh kualitas pelayanan, keterjangkauan biaya, keamanan fisik, dan lingkungan pasien terhadap kepuasan pasien. Jenis penelitian ini menggunakan kuantitatif dengan metode survei. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah pasien rawat inap pada bulan desember yaitu sebanyak 442 orang. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan jenis non-probability sampling yang menggunakan rumus Slovin. Analis data dengan uji statistik dengan RStudio. Hasil penelitian nilai customer satisfaction indeks sebesar 59,84, nilai ini termasuk dalam kategori "cukup puas", ini berarti bahwa secara keseluruhan, responden dalam penelitian ini memiliki tingkat kepuasan yang cukup terhadap atribut-atribut yang diteliti. Dan terdapat pengaruh kualitas pelayanan sebesar 0,2089036 menunjukan bahwa korelasinya yang lemah keterjangkauan biaya dengan besar nilai 0,9709661 lingkungan Fisik dengan nilai 0,9696457, dan keamanan pasien 0,9735532 terhadap kepuasan pasien dengan nilai p yang lebih kecil dari 0,05. Variabel yang paling berpengaruh terhadap kepuasan pasien adalah keamanan dan lingkungan fisik sesuai dengan nilai Rho yang paling mendekati nilai +1.
Influence of Cigarette Smoking on Forced Expiratory Volume in the First Second (FEV1) among Male Smokers
Authors: Naznin Rubiat , Nazrina Sayeda , Hussain Maria , Naznen Farhana 
Published: February 2025

Cigarette smoking is an intractable public health problem that carries threat to the health of entire population. Smoking is a known risk factor for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cardiovascular diseases and certain cancers specially lung cancer. This cross-sectional, comparative study was conducted in the outpatient department of Mymensingh Medical College Hospital, Bangladesh, from July 2014 to June 2015, to examine whether the forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) differs between cigarette smokers and non-smokers and also estimate the effect of duration of cigarette smoking on lung function. FEV1 was recorded in total 150 subjects, in which non-smokers were 50 (as control, group I) and numbers of smokers were 100 with duration of smoking was 5-10 years (group IIA) and >10 years (group IIB). FEV1 was measured by using Spiromaster PC-10 Spirometer. A questionnaire including participants’ history and physical examination was completed. FEV1 decreased gradually with the duration of smoking in both study groups i.e., group IIA (5-10 years duration of smoking) and group IIB (>10 years duration of smoking) as compared to the control group (non-smokers, group I) (p<0.001). FEV1 was also found lower in group IIB (>10 years duration of smoking) as compared to group IIA (5-10 years duration of smoking) (p<0.05). Our study showed that cigarette smoking has a strong impact on airway obstruction that is reflected through a reduction in FEV1.
CBMJ 2025 January: Vol. 14 No. 01 P:11-15
Biochemical and Serological Investigations in Incidentally Detected Asymptomatic HBsAg-Positive Subjects (IDAHS)
Authors: Murshed Khaled Mahbub , Kabir C M Shamim , Azad Md Abul Kalam , Ahmed Nazma , Masud Md Adnan Hasan 
Published: February 2025

This cross-sectional, observational study was conducted among 50 incidentally detected asymptomatic HBsAg positive subjects (IDAHS) in the out-patient department (OPD) of the Department of Hepatology, Shaheed Suhrawardy Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh, between May and November of 2017. All demographic characters like age, sex, education level, occupation and socio-economic status as well as mode of detection and duration of HBsAg positivity and risk factors were documented in the data sheet. Serum bilirubin and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were measured using auto analyzer in the biochemistry laboratory. Serum bilirubin ≤1.0 mg/dl and ALT levels ≤40 IU/L in males and ≤30 IU/L in females were set as normal. Serological tests were performed by using ELISA method, e.g., HBeAg and anti-HBeAg in the microbiology laboratory. The participants’ age ranged between 21 and 57 years with a mean of 30.2±9.3 years. We found that 23(46%) subjects were detected HBsAg positive during routine checkup followed by blood donation 11(22%), antenatal check-up 7(14%), going abroad 4(8%), family screening 3(6%) and before vaccination in 2(4%) subjects respectively. Among risk factors, 18(36%) had family history of HBsAg and only 1(2%) subject had unsafe sexual exposure. In total, 17(34%) were found having elevated ALT levels and only 1(2%) had abnormal bilirubin level. In total, 38(76%) subjects were HBeAg negative, while 35(70%) were Anti-HBe positive. Most IDAHS subjects were negative to HBeAg, however, they need to be followed up at regular intervals so that appropriate measures can be taken in time.
CBMJ 2025 January: Vol. 14 No. 01 P: 16-21
Position of the Anterior Commissure in Relation to the Anterior Height of the Thyroid Cartilage: A Cadaver Based Study
Authors: Ara Anjuman , Rahman Md Shamsur , Mili Dilruba Afrose , Jannat Rumman Al 
Published: February 2025

A cross-sectional, descriptive type study was done in the Department of Anatomy, Mymensingh Medical College, Bangladesh, between October 2008 and March 2009, to determine the position of the anterior commissure in relation to the anterior height of the thyroid cartilage in cadavers and observe gender difference, if any. A total of 29 postmortem human larynges (male 17 and female 12) were collected from dead bodies (aged between 17 to 60 years) from the mortuary of the Department of Forensic Medicine of the same institution. In the present study, the mean value of the ratio of the distances between the superior thyroid notch and anterior commissure and the midline height from thyroid notch to the inferior border of thyroid cartilage was found 0.23 in females and 0.26 in males. No statistical differences were observed between these two groups (p>0.05). It was also found that anterior commissure lies at the junction of upper one fourth and lower three fourth of the anterior height of thyroid cartilage.
CBMJ 2025 January: Vol. 14 No. 01 P: 22-27
Common Causes of Donor Rejection in Blood Transfusion Services at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Bangladesh
Authors: Nahar Kamrun , Binni Subrina Yesmin , Nine S M A Zulker , Shams Khanam Zahida 
Published: February 2025

A cross-sectional, descriptive study was carried out in the Department of Transfusion Medicine of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh, between April 2008 and March 2009, to determine common causes of donor rejection in blood transfusion services. From the register book of the department data was curated. A total of 16,619 donors were included in data analysis. Among them, a total of 765 were rejected donors: party donor and voluntary donor were 558(73%) and 207(27%) respectively. The majority of the rejected donors were in 18-30 years age group (68%), followed by 31-40 years age group (24.2%), 41-60 years age group (5.9%), 60-65 years age group (0.7%). In sex distribution, 603(78.8%) were males and 162(21.2%) were females; male-female ratio was 3.7:1. The majority of the study subjects belonged to the 18-30 years age group (68%), followed by 31-40 years age group (24.2%), 41-60 years age group, >60 years age group (0.7%). Most of the donors were students (40.8%); among females most of them were housewives. Party donor and voluntary donor rejection 558(73%) and 207(27%) respectively. Donor rejection was due to medical causes 443(57.9%), serological causes 207(27.1%) and non-medical causes 115(15.0%). Among medical causes, history of sensitive/contraindicated medication 98(12.8%), ongoing menstruation 37(4.8%), history of jaundice 26(3.4%) and asthma 21(2.7%) were common. Among non-medical causes, 100(13.1%) were rejected due to short interval from previous blood donation, while 10(1.3%) were rejected due to underage (<18) and 5(0.7%) for being over age (>65). Among physical findings, 101(13.2%) of were rejected due to underweight, 27(3.5%) due to high blood pressure, 17(2.2%) due to low blood pressure, 21(2.7%) for low hemoglobin levels and 13(1.7%) allergic skin conditions. Donor rejected for serological causes involved 188(24.6%) HBsAg positive and 19(2.5%) HCV positive cases.
CBMJ 2025 January: Vol. 14 No. 01 P: 34-39
Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Interventional Cardiology: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Hasan Md Hasibul , Kadir A N M Monowarul , Kabir Ahsanul 
Published: February 2025

The recent COVID-19 outbreak has impacted the delivery of healthcare and interventional cardiology services worldwide. Several studies conducted in different countries have revealed that there was a significant reduction in performing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) procedures during the onset of the pandemic; however, the situation of such interventional practice n Bangladesh is not well documented. Hence, this study aims to investigate the changes in the volume of interventional cardiology services before and during the COVID-19 outbreak in a tertiary level healthcare facility of the country. This retrospective study based on record review involved 304 patients admitted into Mugda Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh, between April 2019 and April 2021. The patients were categorized as group A (pre-COVID; N=170) and group-B (COVID; N=134) patients. Data were obtained on patient demographics, risk factors, medical history, type of intervention, and readmission of the patient. The pandemic period had an increased number of patients aged ≥60 years (51.5% vs. 42.9%) and a significant shift in gender distribution (16.4% male vs. 78.2% pre-pandemic). The ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) remains relatively stable between the two groups (60.0% vs. 59.7%; p>0.05). Rates remained stable (40.3% vs. 40.0%; p<0.001). Similarly, the number of non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) cases also remains unchanged (40.0% vs. 40.3%; p>0.05). An increase in balloon angioplasty procedure was observed during the pandemic (49.41% vs. 62.69%; p<0.001). In contrast, there was a huge decrease in angioplasty with stent procedure (42.35% vs. 21.64%; p<0.001). Patient readmission rate slightly decreased (18.82% vs.16.42%; p>0.05). This study highlighted that the COVID-19 outbreak brought changes in the patient population and interventional procedures in interventional cardiology at Mugda Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh. These figures are rather stable in STEMI cases, contrary to the tendencies in other countries, whereas the transition to balloon angioplasty most likely tried to reduce the time of the procedure. Thus, they stress the imperativity of context-sensitive approaches to cardiovascular health management during epidemics and call for additional research on later consequences.
CBMJ 2025 January: Vol. 14 No. 01 P: 40-45
Microbial Profile in Paediatric Patients with Wound Infection and Their Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern
Authors: Dola Nigha Zannat 
Published: February 2025

Wound infection is one of the major health problems that frequently occur among patients reporting or admitted in the hospital. This observational study was conducted in the Department of Microbiology at Bangladesh Shishu Hospital and Institute, Dhaka, Bangladesh, between November 2023 and May 2024, to observe the microbial profile in paediatric patients with wound infection and their antibiotic susceptibility pattern. A total of 372 wound swabs were collected and analyzed by using culture and antibiotic sensitivity tests. From total wound swab samples, culture positive samples were 281(75.54%). Among those, 52(18.5%) were Gram-positive and 229(81.5%) were Gram negative. Pseudomonas spp was the most commonly 83(36.24%) isolated organisms, followed by Escherechia coli 48(20.96%), Acinetobacter spp 33(14.41%), Klebsiella spp 24(10.48%) among Gram-negative bacteria. On the other hand, Staphylococcus spp 23(44%) was the most prevalent, followed by Staphylococcus aerues 18(35%) among Gram-positive isolates. 94% of the isolated Staphylococcus aerues were methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aerues (MRSA). Staphylococcus spp showed higher resistant pattern against azithromycin (91%), erythromycin (91%), linezolid (78%), ciprofloxacin (69%), moxifloxacin (65%), levofloxacin (52%) and gentamycin (52%). Most of the Gram-negative bacteria showed higher resistant against ampicillin followed by third and fourth generation cephalosporins, fluroquinolones. Periodic surveillance of microbial profile and appropriate antibiotic selection are necessary to prevent multidrug resistant bacteria in hospital patients. Moreover, infection prevention campaigns must be strengthened among hospital wards and premises.
CBMJ 2025 January: Vol. 14 No. 01 P: 46-53
Prevalence of Pulmonary and Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis Among the Patients Attending Community Based Medical College, Bangladesh (CBMC,B) Hospital
Authors: Biswas Binoy Krishna , Khan Manjur Ul Karim , Biswas Suttam Kumar , Begum Maksuda , Ali Md Yunus 
Published: February 2025

Tuberculosis (TB) is a chronic granulomatus bacterial infection affecting almost all organs of the body and classified as pulmonary TB (PTB) and extrapulmonary TB (EPTB). In our country, tuberculosis is still a havoc in community health. This retrospective study by reviewing case records was conducted in Community Based Medical College, Bangladesh (CBMC,B) Hospital, Mymensingh, Bangladesh, to estimate the prevalence of pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis among the patients attending the hospital between January 2022 and June 2024. Data were collected from the patients’ records – a total of 67 patients admitted under Surgery, ETN and Medicine units of the hospital. 20(29.85%) of the patients were diagnosed with PTB, while 47(70.15%) had EPTB. Out of 67 patients, 29(43.28%) were male and 38(56.72%) were female; male-female ratio was 1:1.31. Based on occupations, housewives were the highest in numbers (45%), followed by students (18%), farmers (13%), service holders (12%), day labourers (10%) and drivers (2%). Pulmonary TB was more prevalent among the 51-60 years age group (25%), followed by the 71-80 age group (20%). Extrapulmonary TB was more prevalent among the 21-30 years age group (29.8%), followed by the 31-40 years age group (23.4%). A male predominance (65%) was observed compared to female (35%) in PTB; in contrast, a female predominance (66%) was observed compared to male (34%) in EPTB. Among EPTB patients, cervical lymph nodes TB was found in 22(46.8%), followed by breast TB 8(17%), axillary TB 7(14.9%) and abdominal TB 3(6.4%). Tubercular abscess was diagnosed in 7(14.9%) cases. More and more TB awareness campaigns in the community educating people on mode of transmission of TB and self-assessment along with early diagnosis and prompt treatment can improve the situation to a great extent.
CBMJ 2025 January: Vol. 14 No. 01 P: 81-84
Comparison of Efficacy and Safety of Vildagliptin and Linagliptin in Patients of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus with Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Ahmed Sultan , Hasan Mahmud Javed , Bari Md Abdul , Islam Md Aminul , Alam Md Rezaul , Jahan Ferdous , Hasan Rafiqul , Helal ASM Julfekar 
Published: February 2025

Both vildagliptin and linagliptin are dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors used to manage blood sugar levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), including those with chronic kidney disease (CKD). This randomized comparative study was conducted in the Department of Medicine, Community Based Medical College, Bangladesh (CBMC,B) Hospital, Mymensingh Bangladesh, between January and December 2023, to compare the efficacy and safety of vildagliptin and linagliptin in patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with chronic kidney disease (CKD). A total of 120 type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) were enrolled and randomly divided into two groups. Group A (60 patients taking vildagliptin 50 mg) and Group B (60 patients taking linagliptin 5 mg). Both groups received respective medication along with metformin 500 mg and glimepiride 2 mg. Baseline demographic and diagnostic findings showed similar results between Group A and Group B. Both groups experienced significant improvements in FBG and PPG levels, along with a notable reduction in creatinine levels. LDL-C levels decreased in both groups, but the change was only statistically significant in Group B. Additionally, creatinine and AST levels significantly decreased in both groups. At follow-up, Group B had significantly lower PPG levels compared to Group A. Both vildagliptin and linagliptin are effective and safe for type 2 diabetes patients with chronic kidney disease. However, linagliptin shows some superiority over vildagliptin in controlling postprandial glucose levels.
CBMJ 2025 January: Vol. 14 No. 01 P: 96-100
Morphometric Study of the Horizontal and Diagonal Length of the Human Mandible
Authors: Ahmed Muntasir , Akter Mahfuza , Haque Shah Md Atiqul , Jewel Abdul Alim 
Published: February 2025

The body of the human mandible has upper and lower borders. The lower border is smooth and called the base of mandible. The ramus has four borders, among them the inferior border is continuous with the base and ends with posterior border of ramus making the angle of the mandible. The cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted in the Department of Anatomy, Mymensingh Medical College, Bangladesh, between July 2019 to June 2020, to determine the horizontal length and diagonal length of the human mandible. This study was done on 150 fully ossified dry mandibles. A non-random purposive sampling technique was adopted. The diagonal length was measured at the base of mandible from a point on symphysis menti to the posterior most point at mandibular angle, while the horizontal length was measured from the anterior margin of chin to a center point on a projected straight line along the posterior border of two mandibular angle. The mean (±SD) horizontal length of mandible was found 70.87 (±6.2) mm. The mean (±SD) diagonal length of at the right side of the mandible was found 81.90 (±5.3) mm and on the left side, it was 79.72 (±5.1) mm. This study will help the dental and maxillofacial surgeons in their field of practice. Forensic anthropology and prosthesis manufacturer will also be benefited from the study.
CBMJ 2025 January: Vol. 14 No. 01 P:118-121