bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Basilar Artery of the Capybara (Hydrochaeris hydrochaeris): an Ultrastructural Study
Authors: Islam S. , Ribeiro A. A. C. M. , Loesch A. 
Published: December 2004

SummaryThe present study investigated the ultrastructural features of the basilar artery of the largest rodent species, the capybara. The study suggests that the general ultrastructural morphological organization of the basilar artery of the capybara is similar to that of small rodents. However, there are some exceptions. The basilar artery of the capybara contains a subpopulation of ‘granular’ vascular smooth muscle cells resembling monocytes and/or macrophages. The possibility cannot be excluded that the presence of these cells reflects the remodelling processes of the artery due to animal maturation and the regression of the internal carotid artery. To clarify this issue, more systemic studies are required involving capybaras of various ages.
Differentiation and Developmental Potential of Rat Post‐implantation Embryo without Extra‐Embryonic Membranes CulturedIn Vitroor GraftedIn Vivo
Authors: Belovari Tatjana , Stević Nataša , Gajović Srećko , Kostović‐Knežević Ljiljana 
Published: December 2004

SummaryDifferent experimental systems are used to study developmental processes in mammals. In this study, three experimental models were analysed and correlated: (1) cultivation of rat embryosin vitro; (2) cultivationin vitroand then transplantationin vivo; (3) direct transplantationin vivo. When embryos were cultivatedin vitroand then transplantedin vivo, after the initialin vitrorestriction, developmental potential was recovered. Thein vitrorestriction depended on medium used and duration of culture. Pre‐cultivation in serum‐free medium for 7 days restricted developmental potential for nervous tissue, and for 14 days restricted developmental potential for skeletal muscles, adipose tissue and glandular epithelia. Transferrin addition improvedin vitrodifferentiation of neuroblasts, cartilage and columnar epithelium. In the combinedin vitroandin vivomethod, transferrin preserved developmental potential in comparable extent to the addition of the serum. Even in serum‐free conditionsin vitro, the subsequentin vivowide expression of developmental potential was possible. Therefore, the combination ofin vitroandin vivomethods turned to be advantageous than the isolated approaches (in vitroorin vivoonly), and enabled testing in more detail the influence of a single substance on developmental course and potential.
A Striated Muscle on the Hard Palate of Rodents and Rabbits
Authors: Pavlíková H. , Witter K. , Míšek I. 
Published: December 2004

SummaryA striated muscle of the hard palate has been previously described in some rodents and rabbits. It is not termed in the official veterinary anatomical nomenclature. The aim of this work was to verify the existence of this muscle. Heads of the golden hamster (Mesocricetus auratus), the guinea pig (Cavia aperea f. porcellus), the laboratory rat (Rattus norvegicus var. alba), the field vole (Microtus agrestis) and the domestic rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus f. domesticus) have been dissected. Moreover, histological sections have been prepared from heads of the field vole. In all species under study, we could detect a striated muscle of the hard palate composed of an anterior and a posterior muscle. The anterior muscle originated on the os incisivum and diverged in anterior, lateral and posterior directions. The posterior muscle originated on the processus palatinus maxillae and verged into the m. buccinator. Inter‐species differences could be detected in shape and position of the muscle. The palatal muscle was innervated by the ramus buccalis of the facial nerve. Whether this muscle should be classified as an individual facial muscle or as a part of the m. buccinator remains to be discussed.
Anatomical Description of the Muscles of the Pelvic Limb in the Ostrich (Struthio camelus)
Authors: Gangl D. , Weissengruber G. E. , Egerbacher M. , Forstenpointner G. 
Published: December 2004

SummaryDissections of 12 formalin‐fixed ostriches were performed to give anatomical descriptions of the muscles and tendons of the pelvic, femoral, tibiotarsal, tarsometatarsal and digital regions. In the pelvic limb of the ostrich, 36 muscles can be determined. The ostrich lacks those muscles to the first and second toes (with exception of the M. flexor hallucis longus), which can be found in birds with four toes. The Mm. iliotrochantericus medius, plantaris, extensor proprius digiti IV and adductor digiti IV, which are present in other birds, are also absent, whereas the Mm. pectineus and femorotibialis accessorius additionally occur in the ostrich. The Pars supramedialis is a tendineous part of the M. gastrocnemius, on which the Mm. flexor cruris lateralis and flexor cruris medialis insert by means of a fascial sheet. The caudal part of the M. iliofibularis terminates within the caudal aspect of the superficial fascia cruris. The caudal heads of the Mm. flexor perforatus digiti III and flexor perforatus digiti IV as well as the M. flexor hallucis longus have a common origin on the Fossa poplitea of the femur. The lateral head of the M. flexor perforatus digiti IV and the femoral head of the M. flexor perforans et perforatus digiti III originate on the tendon of origin of the Caput laterale of the M. flexor perforatus digiti III. Furthermore, the last named tendon fuses with the tendon of insertion of the M. ambiens. The M. extensor proprius digiti III originates on a plate‐like fascial sheet part of the dorsal joint capsule of the intertarsal joint.
Two Cases of Brachymelia in Cats
Authors: Cornillie P. , Van Lancker S. , Simoens P. 
Published: December 2004

SummaryIn this report, two cases of brachymelia in related neonatal cats are described. The malformations are described in view of normal limb development, which is illustrated by scanning electron microscopic images. Hypoplasia and aplasia of the distal limb segments were the main disorders in both kittens. Additional malformations in the second case included fusion of the radius and ulna, congenital patella luxation and a shortened tail. Brachymelia and similar cases of feline dysmelia are poorly documented in the existing literature. Possible causes and terminology of these developmental deformations are discussed.
Preferential Expression of L‐type Amino Acid Transporter 1 in Ameloblasts During Rat Tooth Development
Authors: Park J.‐C. , Kim Y. B. , Yoon J. H. , Kim H.‐J. , Kim S. M. , Kanai Y. , Endou H. , Kim D. K. 
Published: December 2004

SummaryCertain amino acid transport systems play an important role in supplying organic nutrients to each cell and for cell proliferation during tooth development. However, the mechanisms responsible for such actions are unclear. This study demonstrated for the first time that LAT1 and 4F2hc are expressed during tooth development in prenatal and postnatal rats, and that the transporters show cell‐specific expression in ameloblasts, which are the epithelium‐derived dental cells. LAT1 and 4F2hc expression was not observed in other dental cells of the developing teeth such as odontoblasts and cementoblasts. Overall, these results suggest that LAT1 and 4F2hc might play an important role in enamel formation.
Expression of Nestin and IGF‐1 in Rat Pancreas after Streptozotocin Administration
Authors: Nagasao J. , Yoshioka K. , Amasaki H. , Mutoh K. 
Published: December 2004

SummaryThe present study examines whether centroacinar (CA) and intercalated duct (ICD) cells can serve as stem cells, after administration of the diabetogenic agent streptozotocin (STZ). Thirty rats were divided into five experimental groups: (1) control, (2) 1 day after STZ (STZ‐1), (3) 3 days after STZ (STZ‐3), (4) 7 days after STZ (STZ‐7) and (5) 14 days after STZ (STZ‐14). Many small pancreatic islets were observed in the STZ‐7 group than in the other experimental groups, and many of these small islets were in close contact with ICD and CA cells. A higher number of nestin, insulin‐like growth factor‐1 (IGF‐1) and IGF‐1‐receptor positive ICD and CA cells were observed at STZ‐3 and STZ‐7 than at the others. These expression patterns coincided well with the proliferating cell nuclear antigen pattern. The results suggest that rat pancreatic endocrine cells after damage by STZ administration might be recovered from newly generated cells derived from ICD and CA cells.
Dynamics of Mast Cells in Lymph Node Following Antigenic Stimulation
Authors: Dabak D. O. , Aydin G. , Ozguner M. 
Published: December 2004

SummaryDynamics of mast cells in rat cervical lymph nodes were examined using conventional histological techniques after injection of Salmonella paratyphi B‐H antigen. There was no significant change in the number of mast cells at sixth hour and on the first day of stimulation compared with the controls. The number of mast cells was increased in all lymph node compartments on the second day of stimulation, which continued in the following 3 days. On the eighth day of stimulation, although the mast cell number decreased in the subcapsular area, it was still high in the paracortical area and medullary sinuses of the lymph nodes. On the second day of stimulation, the mast cell number was apparently increased in the subcapsular area than those of the other compartments. In the following days of stimulation, the highest number of mast cells was seen in the medullary sinuses. The highest paracortical mast cell number was determined on the third day of stimulation and some mast cells were observed near the high endothelial venules (HEVs). The changes of mast cell number among the lymph node compartments after antigenic stimulation support the hypothesis that the migration of mast cells occurred. This migration pattern indicates that mast cells enter the lymph node via afferent lymphatics and migrate to the lymph node compartments following antigenic stimulation.
Intestinal Villus Histological Alterations in Piglets fed Dietary Charcoal Powder Including Wood Vinegar Compound Liquid
Authors: Mekbungwan A. , Yamauchi K. , Sakaida T. 
Published: December 2004

SummaryTo investigate the effects of dietary charcoal powder including wood vinegar compound liquid (CWVC, 4 : 1) on intestinal villus histology, piglets were fed 0, 1, 3 and 5% dietary CWVC diets for 30 days. Feed intake and body weight gain were measured during the experimental period. At the end of the experiments, intestinal villus height, epithelial cell area and cell mitosis were examined using light microscopy (LM), and the duodenal villus tip surface was observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Feed efficiency tended to be improved in the CWVC group. The 3% CWVC group showed the highest value, followed by 1% CWVC group of most LM parameters in most intestinal parts, but the 5% CWVC group showed the almost similar value compared with the control. In addition, on the duodenal villus tip surface, the 3% CWVC group showed a clearer cell outline, larger cells and cells protuberated further into the lumen than those of the 1% CWVC group. However, the 5% CWVC group showed faint SEM features than the 1% CWVC group. The present trend of improved feed efficiency after feedings of dietary CWVC demonstrates that the CWVC could be incorporated into piglet diets up to 3% level, and that the CWVC might activate intestinal functions both at villus and cellular levels.
Oxytalan Fibres in the Periodontal Ligament of Equine Molar Cheek Teeth
Authors: Staszyk C. , Gasse H. 
Published: December 2004

SummaryThe distribution and arrangement of oxytalan fibres were examined in periodontal specimens of cheek teeth from seven horses. Oxidation prior to aldehyde fuchsin exposition permitted a selective staining of the oxytalan fibres, which are a distinct component of the elastic fibre system. On three horizontal levels of the periodontium – (a) subgingival, (b) middle third and (c) apical – two oxytalan fibre groups were shown histologically: ‘blood vessel‐related’ and ‘independent’ oxytalan fibres. In levels a and b, both groups were arranged in a typical occluso‐apical alignment along the reserve crown. Single oxytalan fibres deviated from their general course in order to attach to the cementum. In these cemental entheses the oxytalan fibres ran parallel to collagen fibre bundles. The interpretation of such morphological features emphasized the oxytalan fibres’ capacity to improve the stability of periodontal blood vessel walls during masticatory movements. Level c, especially in regions next to the persisting epithelial root sheath, is the site of oxytalan fibre generation. This is a prerequisite for the facilitation of periodontal regeneration and reorganization during dental growth and eruption.
Colocalization of DNA Fragmentation and Caspase‐3 Activation During Atresia in Pig Antral Follicles
Authors: Berardinelli P. , Russo V. , Martelli A. , Nardinocchi D. , Di Giacinto O. , Barboni B. , Mattioli M. 
Published: December 2004

SummaryApoptosis is the cellular mechanism of ovarian follicular atresia. The major downstream effector of this phenomenon in many tissues is caspase‐3 but little is known about its role in pig ovarian apoptosis. In the present study, we detected the localization of caspase‐3 in parallel with nuclear fragmentation (TUNEL) on healthy and early atretic antral follicles. In healthy antral follicles caspase‐3 and TUNEL positivity were occasionally recorded within theca layer. The incidence of DNA fragmentation, as indicated also by the biochemical detection, increased mainly in the granulosa layer of early atretic follicles. Quantitative analysis revealed, besides, that atresia was accompanied by a higher incidence of caspase‐3 (57.20 ± 20.05 versus 3.64 ± 0.61 positive cells in atretic versus healthy follicles, respectively; P < 0.05), of TUNEL positivity (20.13 ± 9.33 versus 0.42 ± 0.12; P < 0.05) and simultaneous immunostaining for caspase‐3 and TUNEL (15.02 ± 6.95 versus 0.31 ± 0.05; P < 0.05) in the granulosa layer. In detached granulosa cells isolated from the follicular fluid of early atretic follicles a further significantly increase was recorded in the percentage of TUNEL positivity and in the incidence of cells that showed colocalization of caspase‐3 activity and DNA fragmentation. Granulosa cells of early atretic follicles exhibited a higher positivity for caspase‐3 localized in the cytoplasm and occasionally in the nucleus area of granulosa cells. These results indicate that capsase‐3 was involved and precociously activated during the process of atresia. Finally, the progressively higher incidence of TUNEL positivity and of double immunostaining in atretic cells collected within the follicular fluid seems to indicate that proteases activity leads only tardily in a detectable DNA fragmentation.
Ossification of the Appendicular Skeleton in the Spanish Ibex Capra pyrenaica Schinz, 1838 (Artiodactyla: Bovidae), with Regard to Determination of Age
Authors: Serrano E. , Gállego L. , Pérez J. M. 
Published: December 2004

SummaryWe studied ossification macroscopically in 35 Spanish ibex (Capra pyrenaica) appendicular skeletons in order to establish the skeletochronology in both sexes of the species. The age of animals had been determined by means of horn segment counts, teeth replacement and cementum layer counts from first incisors and ranged from <1 to 12 years. Females showed a faster ossification process than males. Moreover, for each age or year class considered, regarding both sexes, different stages of epiphyseal fusion could be found. Therefore, if we try to use data from bone remains in population studies (e.g. differential mortality rates), determination of the ossification stage for ageing bone samples must be carried out with caution.
Fine Structure of the Retinal Pigment Epithelium, Bruch's Membrane and Choriocapillaris in the Ostrich (Struthio camelus)
Authors: Altunay H. 
Published: December 2004

SummaryThe fine structure of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), Bruch's membrane and choriocapillaris in the ostrich (Struthio camelus) was investigated by using light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. In this species, the RPE consisted of a single layer of low columnar cells. The epithelial cells were joined laterally by two type junctions, zonulae occludentes and zonulae adherentes located in the midregion of the cells. These cells displayed numerous deep basal infoldings and thick extensive apical processes, which enclosed the outer segments of the rods. The epithelial cell nuclei were large, vesicular and located basally within the epithelial cells. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum was very abundant, while rough endoplasmic reticulum was scarce. Mitochondria of various shapes were abundant basally while polysomes were plentiful and widespread. In the light‐adapted state melanosomes were located in the apical region and in apical processes of the epithelial cells. Myeloid bodies were large, numerous and often showed ribosomes on their outer surface. Bruch's membrane (complexus basalis) was typical pentalaminate throughout the retina, as noted in the majority of other vertebrates. The endothelium of the choriocapillaris facing Bruch's membrane was extremely thin but only moderately fenestrated. Some of the fenestrations displayed a double‐layered diaphragm while the majority showed the more typical single‐layered diaphragm noted in most species.
An Immunohistochemical Study of Gastrointestinal Endocrine Cells in the BALB/c Mouse
Authors: Ku S. K. , Lee H. S. , Lee J. H. 
Published: December 2004

SummaryThe distributions and frequencies of some endocrine cells in the eight portions of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of BALB/c mouse were studied. Endocrine cells were stained using immunohistochemical method with seven types of antisera against bovine chromogranin (BCG), serotonin, gastrin, cholecystokinin (CCK)‐8, somatostatin, glucagon and human pancreatic polypeptide (HPP), and the regional distributions and their relative frequencies were observed in the eight portions of the GIT of BALB/c mice. All seven types of immunoreactive (IR) cells were identified. Most of the IR cells in the intestinal portion were generally spherical or spindle in shape (open type cell) while round‐shaped cells (closed type cell) were found in the intestinal gland and stomach regions occasionally. Their relative frequencies varied according to each portion of the GIT. BCG‐IR cells were observed throughout the whole GIT except for the rectum and they were most predominant in the pylorus. Serotonin‐IR cells were detected throughout the whole GIT and they showed the highest frequency in the fundus. Gastrin‐ and CCK‐IR cells were restricted to the pylorus and duodenum with a majority in the pylorus and rare or a few frequencies in the duodenum. Compared with other mammals, somatostatin‐IR cells were restricted to the fundus and pylorus with a few frequencies, respectively. In addition, glucagon‐ and HPP‐IR cells were restricted to the fundus and duodenum, respectively, with relative low frequencies. Some species‐dependent unique distributions and frequencies of endocrine cells were observed in the GIT of BALB/c mouse compared with other rodents.
Histochemical and Morphometrical Characterization and Distribution of Fibre Types in Four Muscles of Ostrich (Struthio camelus)
Authors: Velotto S. , Crasto A. 
Published: December 2004

SummaryA staining procedure used for simultaneously determining three different fibre types in single sections bovine, porcine or ovine skeletal muscle was modified for use with ostrich skeletal muscle. The muscle fibres of gastrocnemius pars externa, tibialis cranialis caput tibiale, tibialis cranialis caput femorale and fibularis longus tendo caudalis were studied. The histochemical results revealed the presence of three types of fibre only in the gastrocnemius pars externa muscle: fast‐twitch glycolytic fibres (FG), fast‐twitch oxidative glycolytic fibres (FOG) and slow‐twitch oxidative fibres (SO), while in the other muscles the FG fibres were absent. The percentage distribution of fibres types showed a higher incidence of SO fibres compared to FOG fibres in tibialis cranialis caput femorale and tibialis cranialis caput tibiale muscles, while it was opposite in the case of the fibularis longus tendo caudalis muscle. In the gastrocnemius pars externa muscle the FG fibres outnumber the other fibres, followed by the SO and FOG fibres. The results of the analysis of variance show significant interaction between muscle × fibre type for every morphometric parameter evaluated. Differences about value of fibres area exists between tibialis cranialis caput femorale and fibularis longus tendo caudalis muscles. Both fibre types in tibialis cranialis caput tibiale muscle have mean values of transversal section area smaller than tibialis cranialis caput femorale. The other morphometric parameters show a similar trend. The gastrocnemius pars externa muscle presents similar dimensions of muscle fibres for the FG and FOG types, and significantly smaller for the SO type.
Male and Female Effects on the In Vitro Production of Bovine Embryos
Authors: Palma G. A. , Sinowatz F. 
Published: December 2004

SummaryA 3‐year study was carried out to evaluate male and female effects on the efficiency of an in vitro fertilization (IVF) programme. The semen of different bulls used for artificial insemination was tested for the in vitro production of transferable blastocysts. The fertilization capacity was recorded for each bull. Bovine oocytes were matured in vitro, fertilized with frozen/thawed semen of 63 individual bulls and cultured during 8 days. The semen of one bull was used as control. The percentage of cleavage (36.3–93.4%) and blastocysts on day 7 (6.9–51.2%) varied from bull to bull. Despite high variability, blastocysts were produced with the semen of all bulls in the first trial. Moreover, oocytes fertilized with 85% of tested bulls reached a blastocyst rate not different to the control bull. The correlation coefficients of six bulls showed no significant male effect but an influence of oocytes on the cleavage rate (F‐value 0.38, P > 0.05, and 12.4, P < 0.001, respectively). The development to blastocysts on day 7 was significantly influenced by sperms and also oocytes and session (P < 0.01), but no combined interaction was observed between female and male. It is concluded that transferable embryos can be produced in vitro in the first trial with frozen/thawed semen of 63 tested bulls. The results show different capacities of bulls to produce embryos and high male and female effects on the efficiency of an IVF programme.