bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transcription and alternative splicing of telomerase reverse transcriptase in benign and malignant breast tumours and in adjacent mammary glandular tissues: implications for telomerase activity
Authors: Zaffaroni Nadia , Della Porta Chiara , Villa Raffaella , Botti Claudio , Buglioni Simonetta , Mottolese Marcella , Grazia Daidone Maria 
Published: October 2002

AbstractTelomerase activity was determined in 15 breast cancers, 24 benign breast lesions, and 36 breast tissues adjacent to benign or malignant tumours. A positive TRAP (telomeric repeat amplification protocol) signal was detected in 67% of carcinomas and 29% of benign tumours. In five of ten cases, non‐invaded breast tissues adjacent to telomerase‐positive carcinomas also displayed telomerase activity. Conversely, in peritumoural specimens adjacent to benign lesions, telomerase activity was never detected. To investigate the regulatory mechanisms of telomerase activity in breast tissues, the expression of telomerase subunits was assessed, as well as the presence of alternatively spliced variants of human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT). The presence of the hTERT full‐length transcript appeared necessary for telomerase activity in breast carcinomas. Specifically, all telomerase‐positive carcinomas expressed the hTERT full‐length message, together with different combinations of alternatively spliced variants, whereas in telomerase‐negative cancers, the hTERT full‐length transcript was not detectable, or its abundance was markedly lower than that of alternatively spliced variants. Results obtained in benign tumours and normal tissues surrounding carcinomas instead showed that the presence of hTERT full‐length transcript was not sufficient to determine telomerase activity. These findings suggest that in non‐neoplastic tissues there are other mechanisms that suppress telomerase activity downstream from hTERT transcription and mRNA splicing and that such mechanisms have been lost during neoplastic transformation. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Phenotypic characterization of mononuclear and multinucleated cells of giant cell reparative granuloma of small bones
Authors: Itonaga I. , Schulze E. , Burge P. D. , Gibbons C. L. M. H. , Ferguson D. , Athanasou N. A. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractFour cases of giant cell reparative granuloma (GCRG) of small bones were analysed in order to determine the pathogenesis of the lesion and the nature of the component mononuclear and multinucleated cells. In cell cultures, giant cells formed a non‐proliferating homogeneous population which expressed features characteristic of the osteoclast phenotype, including leucocyte common antigen, CD68, vitronectin receptor, and tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase. The giant cells were capable of lacunar resorption and their activity was inhibited by calcitonin. In addition to numerous macrophage‐like cells, some of which expressed osteoclast phenotypic characteristics, there were also mononuclear stromal cells which proliferated in culture and were alkaline phosphatase‐positive; these cells expressed receptor activator of NF‐κB ligand (RANKL) and were capable of supporting human osteoclast formation from circulating precursors in vitro. These findings suggest that the osteoclast‐like giant cells in GCRG of small bones are formed from monocyte/macrophage‐like osteoclast precursors which differentiate into osteoclasts under the influence of mononuclear osteoblast‐like stromal cells. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Improving the prenatal diagnosis of citrullinemia using citrulline/ornithine+arginine ratio in amniotic fluid
Authors: Chadefaux‐Vekemans B. , Rabier D. , Chabli A. , Blanc A. , Aupetit J. , Bardet J. , Kamoun P. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractPrenatal diagnosis of citrullinemia is performed using a direct argininosuccinate synthetase (ASS) assay on chorionic villi (CV) and citrulline concentration measurement in early amniotic fluid (AF). Here we report the results of 40 prenatal diagnoses performed using this method, discuss the difficulties encountered in interpreting the results, and propose the use of the citrulline/ornithine+arginine ratio (which is more discriminatory than citrulline concentration alone) when performing prenatal diagnosis of citrullinemia. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Female pseudohermaphroditism in a fetus with a deletion 9(q22.2q31.1)
Authors: Coulomb L'Herminé A. , Aboura A. , Simon‐Bouy B. , Robin F. , Audibert F. , Strouk N. , Capron F. , Frydman R. , Tachdjian G. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractInterstitial deletions of chromosomal region 9q are rarely seen. We report the first prenatal diagnosis of a de novo interstitial deletion 9q. The fetus was karyotyped for intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR). Conventional and molecular cytogenetics showed female karyotype with a de novo deletion of the chromosomal region 9(q22.2q31.1) leading to a partial monosomy 9q. At autopsy, the fetus showed growth retardation, dysmorphy, and a female pseudohermaphroditism. These results suggest that a gene(s) for genital development reside in chromosomal region 9q22.2q31.1. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prenatal detection of structural abnormalities of chromosome 18: associations with interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and maternal serum screening
Authors: Graf Michael D. , Gill Prabhcharan , Krew Michael , Schwartz Stuart 
Published: October 2002

AbstractWe describe two cases of prenatally ascertained isochromosome 18. Case 1 included both an isochromosome 18p and an isochromosome 18q, while Case 2 involved only an isochromosome 18q. Both of these cases were associated with a positive maternal serum triple screen trisomy 18 risk (greater than 1 in 100 risk). In addition, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was performed on uncultured amniotic fluid interphase cells in both cases looking for aneuploidy for chromosomes 13, 18, 21, X and Y. The results of the interphase analyses support the common knowledge that careful interpretation of interphase FISH analysis is necessary and that results should be followed by full cytogenetic analysis. To our knowledge these are the first reported cases of structurally abnormal chromosomes 18 being associated with a positive maternal serum triple screen for trisomy 18. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Assessing the quality of life of adolescents with diabetes: using the SEIQoL, DQoL, patient and diabetes specialist nurse ratings
Authors: Walker Julian , Bradley Clare 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThis pilot study aimed to evaluate the quality of life (QoL) of adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus using an individualised interview measure (SEIQoL1) and a first generation diabetes‐specific questionnaire (DQoL2), and to compare patients' ratings with those given by their diabetes specialist nurse.When asked to name the five most important domains of life for their quality of life, adolescents with diabetes spontaneously generated three common domains: family, friends and school. The remaining two domains varied, but could be covered by a further seven domains. Despite knowing the patients well, the nurse had great difficulty rating their QoL, diabetes‐related QoL or identifying factors important for their QoL. For the adolescents, diabetes was not always the most important domain affecting QoL, nor was their evaluation of their diabetes a good predictor of overall QoL. These data indicate the need for individualised questionnaire measures of QoL, which have now been designed for routine use with adolescents with diabetes. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Current Awareness
Authors:   John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Published: October 2002

AbstractIn order to keep subscribers up‐to‐date with the latest developments in their field, John Wiley & Sons are providing a current awareness service in each issue of the journal. The bibliography contains newly published material in the field of pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety. Each bibliography is divided into 19 sections: 1 Books, Reviews & Symposia; 2 General; 3 Anti‐infective Agents; 4 Cardiovascular System Agents; 5 CNS Depressive Agents; 6 Non‐steroidal Anti‐inflammatory Agents; 7 CNS Agents; 8 Anti‐neoplastic Agents; 9 Haematological Agents; 10 Neuroregulator‐Blocking Agents; 11 Dermatological Agents; 12 Immunosuppressive Agents; 13 Autonomic Agents; 14 Respiratory System Agents; 15 Neuromuscular Agents; 16 Reproductive System Agents; 17 Gastrointestinal System Agents; 18 Anti‐inflammatory Agents ‐ Steroidal; 19 Others. Within each section, articles are listed in alphabetical order with respect to author. If, in the preceding period, no publications are located relevant to any one of these headings, that section will be omitted.
Using community pharmacies to conduct an HSV‐1 prevalence study
Authors: Veltri Joseph C. , Geiringer Katharine A. , Richardson Clark , Boon Ron J. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractPurposeTo describe the effectiveness of community‐based pharmacists in conducting a study to measure the baseline prevalence of Herpes simplex virus, type‐1 susceptibility to two antiviral medications in subjects with recurrent Herpes labialisMethodA cross‐sectional study conducted in 47 US community pharmacies. The pharmacist obtained a viral sample from the surface of the lesion, placed the virus‐laden swab in a vial of holding medium, and stored it in a refrigerator until shipment to a central laboratory.ResultsThe population that had swabs processed for viral isolation (1795) was predominantly white (90.1%) and female (67.9%) with a mean age of 37.5 years. A total of 1087 (60.3%) swabs were positive for HSV‐1. On‐site monitoring revealed 219 protocol deviations related to the stage of the lesion (124), not properly dating or signing the consent form (80), and indeterminate age (15).ConclusionsThis study demonstrates the ability of pharmacists to conduct a large surveillance study in busy community pharmacies. A population of RHL sufferers with active lesions was recruited to study pharmacies during a 5‐month period. Pharmacists successfully obtained viral samples from cold sore lesions at a rate comparable to physician‐conducted studies. Protocol deviations were generally not serious, and did not compromise the study results or endanger the rights or welfare of participants. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and biological activity of phthalimide‐based polymers containing 5‐fluorouracil
Authors: Lee Neung‐Ju , Koo Ja‐Chul , Ju Sung‐Suk , Moon Seong‐Bae , Cho Won‐Jei , Jeong In‐Cheol , Lee Song‐Jae , Cho Moo‐Youn , Theodorakis Emmanuel A 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe attachment of anticancer agents to polymers is a promising approach towards reducing the toxic side‐effects and retaining the potent antitumour activity of these agents. A new tetrahydrophthalimido monomer containing 5‐fluorouracil (ETPFU) and its homopolymer and copolymers with acrylic acid (AA) and with vinyl acetate (VAc) have been synthesized and spectroscopically characterized. The ETPFU contents in poly(ETPFU‐co‐AA) and poly(ETPFU‐co‐VAc) obtained by elemental analysis were 21 mol% and 20 mol%, respectively. The average molecular weights of the polymers determined by gel permeation chromatography were as follows: Mn = 8900 g mol−1, Mw = 13 300 g mol−1, Mw/Mn = 1.5 for poly(ETPFU); Mn = 13 500 g mol−1, Mw = 16 600 g mol−1, Mw/Mn = 1.2 for poly(ETPFU‐co‐AA); Mn = 8300 g mol−1, Mw = 11 600 g mol−1, Mw/Mn = 1.4 poly(ETPFU‐co‐VAc). The in vitro cytotoxicity of the compounds against FM3A and U937 cancer cell lines increased in the following order: ETPFU > 5‐FU > poly(ETPFU) > poly(ETPFU‐co‐AA) > poly(ETPFU‐co‐VAc). The in vivo antitumour activities of all the polymers in Balb/C mice bearing the sarcoma 180 tumour cell line were greater than those of 5‐FU and monomer at the highest dose (800 mg kg−1).© 2002 Society of Chemical Industry
Physical studies of foamed reinforced rubber composites Part I. Mechanical properties of foamed ethylene–propylene–diene terpolymer and nitrile–butadiene rubber composites
Authors: Lawindy A M Y El , El‐Kade K M Abd , Mahmoud W E , Hassan H H 
Published: October 2002

AbstractReinforced ethylene–propylene–diene terpolymer (EPDM) and nitrile–butadiene rubber (NBR) blends were compounded with different concentrations of azodicarbonamide (ADC/K) foaming agent to obtain foamed EPDM and NBR composites. The mechanical properties under compression and under extension at different temperatures were measured for these foams. It was found that the increase of foaming agent concentration and temperature affect all the mechanical parameters. The obtained stress–strain data are discussed in the light of the continuum mechanics theory for compressible materials.© 2002 Society of Chemical Industry
Polymerization of olefins and polar monomers catalyzed by bis(imino)Ni(II)/dibutylmagnesium/alkylaluminium halide systems
Authors: Chien James C W , Fernandes Susete , Correia Sandra G , Rausch Marvin D , Dickson L Charles , Marques Maria M 
Published: October 2002

Abstract[Bis(N,N′‐dimesitylimino)acenaphthene]dibromonickel (1) when activated with diethylaluminium chloride (DEAC) is a very active catalyst for ethylene homopolymerization. The activity (AE) of 1/100 DEAC is twenty times greater than that of 1/100 MAO and of the same order of magnitude as 1/2000 MAO. In the case of homopolymerization of propylene the highest activity (AP) was obtained at a ratio of 25/15 for AlDEAC/Ni. Trialkylaluminium compounds were also found to act as cocatalysts for 1. The PE synthesized with four different cocatalysts was found by 13C NMR to have dissimilar branching distributions. 1/DEAC shows no activity for the polymerization of proximately substituted polar monomers. The introduction of dibutylmagnesium, (DBM) activates the 1/DEAC system to copolymerize ethylene and a number of proximately substituted polar monomers. Compared with the 1/MAO/monomer.AlR3 catalyst system the former is three times more active for copolymerization of 5‐hexene‐1‐ol or 10‐undecen‐1‐oic acid with ethylene. The activity of copolymerization is 1/24, 1/5 and 1/2 as active as homopolymerization, respectively, in the case of methyl vinyl ketone, vinyl acetate and ϵ‐caprolactam. In the case of tetrahydrofuran/ethylene, the 1/MAO catalyst produced copolymers using AlR3 pretreated THF whereas the 1/DEAC/DBM catalyst produces homopolyethylene only. No polymerization occurred with an acrylonitrile/ethylene mixture in the presence of 1/DBM/DEAC catalyst.© 2002 Society of Chemical Industry
Comparison of the General Ability Measure for Adults and the Kaufman Adolescent and Adult Intelligence Test with college students
Authors: Lassiter Kerry S. , Matthews T. Darin , Bell Nancy L. , Maher Carrie M. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractNinety‐four college students were administered the GAMA and KAIT. GAMA IQs were significantly and moderately correlated with KAIT Fluid, Crystallized and Composite IQs, supporting the convergent validity of this instrument. Although significant correlations between measures emerged and nonsignificant differences were found between mean scores across these instruments, GAMA IQ scores did not accurately predict KAIT Composite IQ scores when GAMA IQ scores were compared to KAIT Composite IQs. Similarly, when the sample was divided into two groups by ability level, GAMA IQs accurately estimated the intelligence for individuals of Average and Below Average intelligence, but underestimated the KAIT Composite IQ scores by 4 points for the Above Average group. Implications of the findings are discussed and suggestions for future research are provided. © 2002, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Static and dynamic dipole polarizabilities of 2‐ and 3‐methylthiophenes in solution: experimental and theoretical determination
Authors: Alvarado Ysaías J. , Cubillan Nestor , Labarca Paola H. , Karam Arquímedes , Arrieta Federico , Castellano Olga , Soscún Humberto 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe dynamic and static dipole polarizabilities of 2‐methythiophene (2MT) and 3‐methylthiophene (3MT) molecules were investigated using refractometric and theoretical calculations. The experimental properties were studied within the Garito and Singer approach for dilute CCl4 and CH3CN solutions. The local field effects were tested with the Onsager and Lorentz local fields. The static dipole polarizabilities of 2MT and 3MT were obtained from extrapolation to zero frequency of the corresponding dispersion Cauchy‐type curves, which gave a monotonic increase as a function of the squared frequency. The differences between these curves were analyzed as a function of the solvent effects and the local fields. The theoretical static properties were evaluated by using ab initio (Hartree–Fock) and density functional theory (DFT) (BLYP and B3LYP) methods with the 6–31 + G(d,p), 6–311 ++ G(3d,3p) and Sadlej basis sets. The dynamic polarizabilities were calculated with the time‐dependent Hartree–Fock (TDHF) approach and the 6–31 + G(d,p) and Sadlej basis sets. In order to make a comparison with the experimental results, the solvent effects were studied at the TDHF level in both CCl4 and CH3CN solvents and the Onsager model. The calculations were performed with fully optimized geometries. The experimental values of the static dipole polarizabilities of the 2MT and 3MT were determined as 1.129 × 10−21 and 1.140 × 10−21 esu, respectively, whereas the corresponding B3LYP/6–311 ++ G(3d,3p) values were 1.151 × 10−21 and 1.139 × 10−21 esu, respectively. Additionally, for the B3LYP/Sadlej method the corresponding values were 1.176 × 10−21 and 1.174 × 10−21 esu, respectively. In general, there was good agreement between the experimental and the DFT theoretical results. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Towards molecular machines and motors based on transition metal complexes
Authors: Colasson Benoît Xavier , Dietrich‐Buchecker Christiane , Jimenez‐Molero Maria Consuelo , Sauvage Jean‐Pierre 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBiological motors and machines are multicomponent assemblies undergoing large‐amplitude geometrical changes or leading to the locomotion of one of the components, under the action of either an external stimulus (pH change, redox process, light pulse, etc.) or a chemical gradient. Many examples are known of proteins which undergo important shape modifications (folding–defolding) after a signal has been sent to the protein. Threaded or interlocking rings are ideally suited to the construction of fully artificial molecular motors. If a ring is threaded onto a rod, it can either rotate around the axle or undergo a translation movement. Similarly, in catenanes (i.e. interlocking ring multicomponent systems), a ring can glide at will and spin within another ring. Several examples of such compounds have been elaborated and studied in recent years, using threaded and interlocking molecules. Our group has proposed several molecular assemblies acting as ‘machines.’ They are based on transition metal complexes and the systems are set in motion by sending an electrochemical or photochemical signal. A recent contribution from our team describes a doubly threaded compound which can be contracted or stretched at will. By sending a chemical signal to the molecule, one can readily convert the contracted compound [copper(I) complex] to the extended situation (zinc complex). The back reaction is also easily carried out and it is quantitative. Potentially, the system is ready to react to an electrochemical stimulus and lead to the same movement. The present molecular assembly is thus reminiscent of skeletal muscles. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of solvent on reactivity and basicity: aminolyses of p‐nitrophenyl acetate in H2O and in DMSO
Authors: Um Ik‐Hwan , Lee Eun‐Ju , Jeon Sang‐Eun 
Published: October 2002

AbstractSecond‐order rate constants (kN) have been measured spectrophotometrically for the reactions of p‐nitrophenyl acetate with a series of alicyclic secondary amines in H2O and in DMSO at 25.0 ± 0.1 °C. The solvent change from H2O to DMSO resulted in rate enhancements. The effect of solvent on reactivity was found to be most significant for the reaction with piperazinium ion and least significant for the reaction with piperidine. The pKa values of the conjugate amines studied were also determined in DMSO. It was found that piperazinium ion is more basic in DMSO than in H2O by 1.04 pKa units while piperidine is less basic in DMSO by 0.50 pKa units. The Brønsted‐type plot was linear with a large slope (βnuc = 0.76–0.82) for both reactions run in H2O and in DMSO, indicating that the aminolyses proceed through rate‐determining breakdown of the addition intermediate. The difference in pKa values determined in DMSO and in H2O (ΔpKa = pKa in DMSO − pKa in H2O) showed a linear correlation with the difference in the second‐order rate constants determined in DMSO and in H2O (Δlog kN = log kN in DMSO − log kN in H2O) with a slope close to unity, suggesting that ΔpKa is fully responsible for the rate enhancement in DMSO. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ionization equilibria of dicarboxylic acids in dimethyl sulfoxide as studied by NMR
Authors: Choi Paul J. , Petterson Krag A. , Roberts John D. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe ionization equilibria of dicarboxylic acids measured by K1/K2 are expected to be substantially influenced by stabilization of the monoanion through intramolecular hydrogen bonding. However, except in sterically favorable cases, such as with maleic, 3,4‐furandicarboxylic, 2,3‐bicyclo[1.2.2]heptadienedicarboxylic and diethylmalonic acids, the K1/K2 values for other dicarboxylic acids, where intramolecular hydrogen bonding of the monoanion might be expected, are relatively small at ∼100 in water. This research uses NMR to corroborate and extend the pioneering conductance measurements of K1/K2 of dicarboxylic acids by Kolthoff and coworkers with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as solvent. In extending these measurements, we have determined K1/K2 for 3,4‐furandicarboxylic (1) and 2,3‐bicyclo[1.2.2]heptadienedicarboxylic (2) acids, because these were predicted by McCoy to be especially sterically favorable for intramolecular hydrogen bonding in the form of their monoanions and, indeed, we have found K1/K2 values for these acids in DMSO of 1 × 1015 and 4 × 1016 respectively. In contrast, the corresponding value for succinic acid is about 108. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Predicted high proton affinity of poly‐2,5‐ dihydropyrrolimines—the aromatic domino effect
Authors: Maksić Zvonimir B. , Glasovac Zoran , Despotović Ines 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe basicity of a family of 2,5‐dihydropyrrolimines is examined by the Hartree‐Fock model. It is found that these systems exhibit high proton affinity, which increases with the number of the five‐membered rings present. The origin of the pronounced basicity is identified as the tandem or domino aromatic effect occurring in the conjugate acids. The aromatization is triggered by protonation and spread over whole systems via mobile π‐electrons. Proton affinities as high as 300 kcal/mol or more can be achieved in the gas phase, if the aromatization is combined with the favourable substituent effects and with the intramolecular hydrogen bond corona effect. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.