bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lymphangioma involving the mandible: immunohistochemical expressions for the lymphatic proliferation
Authors: Park Young Wook , Kim Soung Min , Min Bong Gi , Park In Woo , Lee Suk Keun 
Published: March 2003

AbstractWe report a case of lymphangioma involving oral mucosa and mandible of an elderly female. The surgical and radiological examinations indicated that the lymphangioma was mainly distributed in the labial mucosa tissue, but had gradually extended into the periosteum and intrabony space of mandible. Immunohistochemical staining was also performed using antiseras of α‐smooth muscle actin (α‐SMA), von Willebrand factor (vWF), angiogenin, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) to elucidate the pathogenetic implications of the intraosseous lymphangioma. The present case of lymphangioma showed strong immunohistochemical reactivity of angiogenin and vWF, while it showed weak reactions of VEGF and PCNA. The immunostaining of α‐SMA disclosed an abnormally thinned and discontinuous smooth muscle layer in the lymphatics. Both the X‐rays and histological examination showed that the lymphangioma lesion was gradually extending into the adjacent osteoporotic marrow space of mandible. Therefore, we believe that the present case of intraosseous lymphangioma, which showed the harmatomatous growth of the lymphatics into the marrow space of mandible, is closely related to osteoporotic changes of old age.
Successful treatment of solar urticaria by extracorporeal photochemotherapy (photopheresis) – a case report
Authors: Mang R. , Stege H. , Budde M.‐A. , Ruzicka T. , Krutmann J. 
Published: March 2003

Abstract: Solar urticaria is characterized by erythema and whealing immediately after exposure to ultraviolet radiation and/or visible light. We report about a patient with severe solar urticaria, who was highly sensitive to both UVA radiation and visible light with a Minimal Urticaria Dose (MUD) of 7 J/cm2 UVA. Management of this patient was extremely difficult because standard treatment with oral antihistamines, hardening with UVA, UVB, visible light or oral PUVA and even oral cyclosporin A were completely ineffective. We therefore decided to perform extracorporeal photochemotherapy (photopheresis, ECP). After nine treatment cycles with photopheresis the MUD increased from 7 J/cm2 UVA before treatment to 22 J/cm2 UVA. This hardening effect was associated with a significant decrease of the frequency and severity of whealing and the accompanying symptoms (pain, fatigue, pruritus).Conclusion: Photopheresis might be of some benefit in selected patients with otherwise intractable solar urticaria.
Changes of photosensitivity and action spectrum with time in solar urticaria
Authors: Ng Jonathan C. H. , Foley Peter A , Crouch Rohan B , S. Baker Christopher 
Published: March 2003

Background: Solar urticaria is a rare photosensitivity disorder characterized by the rapid onset of a pruritic, erythematous and urticarial rash following sun‐exposure. The action spectrum and degree of photosensitivity have been observed to change over time in several isolated reports.Methods: Monochromator phototesting was performed on multiple occasions on 12 patients with solar urticaria.Results: Six patients demonstrated normal responses in the initial phototest. They remained normal in five patients upon subsequent testing. Seven patients demonstrated abnormal immediate responses, most frequently at UVA wavelengths. Within some individuals, variations in action spectrum and/or degree of photosensitivity were observed over the years, but not over days.Conclusion: Significant changes in action spectrum and degree of photosensitivity may occur over years in solar urticaria. However, changes over shorter periods of time are likely to be minor and not have clinical significance.
002 Multiple exposures to blue light does not improve psoriasis in patients with elevated endogenous levels of protoporphyrin IX
Authors: Maari C. , Bissonnette R. 
Published: March 2003

Endogenous levels of protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) are known to be elevated in psoriatic plaques. Activation of PpIX by visible light after topical application of aminolevulinic acid has been shown to improve psoriasis. This study was designed to determine whether multiple exposures to blue light alone could improve psoriasis in patients exhibiting elevated endogenous PpIX levels. Patients and methods: Seventeen patients with at least two psoriatic plaques of 4 × 4 cm exhibiting elevated endogenous PpIX levels (as detected by in vivo fluorescence spectroscopy) were included in the study. Patients were required to discontinue all topical therapies for at least 2 weeks and systemic therapy for at least 8 weeks before treatment. One of the two plaques on each patient was exposed to 10 J/cm2 Of blue light from a fluorescence panel three times per week for 4 consecutive weeks. The other plaque was used as a non‐exposed control. Blinded clinical evaluations were performed at baseline and every week during the 4‐week treatment period as well as at 1 and 3 weeks after the last exposure. Psoriasis severity was assessed by evaluating on a scale of 0–4 the presence of erythema, induration, and desquamation. PpIX levels were measured before and after light exposure by in vivo fluorescence spectroscopy at week 1 and 4. Results: All patients completed the study without presenting treatment related side‐effects. In vivo fluorescence spectroscopy demonstrated an almost complete photobleaching of PpIX in exposed plaques immediately after light exposure (P = 0.005). There was no significant difference between the mean psoriasis severity score of the exposed or control plaques before and after 12 exposures to blue light. Conclusion: Under the current conditions multiple exposures to blue light did not improve psoriasis.
Melatonin exerts a therapeutic effect on cholestatic liver injury in rats with bile duct ligation
Authors: Ohta Yoshiji , Kongo Mutsumi , Kishikawa Teruaki 
Published: March 2003

Abstract: We examined whether melatonin exerts a therapeutic effect on cholestatic liver injury in rats treated with bile duct ligation (BDL). Cholestatic liver injury was induced in male Wistar rats aged 4 wk by ligating the bile duct. Cholestatic liver injury developed 5 days after BDL and continued to 13 days, judging from the levels of serum hepatobiliary injury markers. The serum concentration of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), an index of lipid peroxidation, and the hepatic level of TBARS and the activity of hepatic myeloperoxidase, an index of tissue neutrophil infiltration, increased 5 days after BDL, and these increases were enhanced at 13 days. A similar increase in the serum total cholesterol concentration occurred 5 and 13 days after BDL, while the hepatic cholesterol concentration tended to increase at 13 days. When melatonin [10 or 100 mg/kg body weight (BW)] was orally administered to BDL‐treated rats everyday for 8 days, starting 5 days after BDL, the indoleamine attenuated cholestatic liver injury observed at 13 days after BDL was more effective at the higher dose than at the lower dose. The administered melatonin (10 or 100 mg/kg BW) reduced the increases in serum and hepatic TBARS concentrations and hepatic myeloperoxidase activity observed at 13 days after BDL and the higher dose of indoleamine was more effective than the lower dose. Neither dose of melatonin affected the increased serum total cholesterol concentration or the hepatic cholesterol concentration observed at 13 days after BDL. These results indicate that orally administered melatonin at pharmacological doses exerts a therapeutic effect on cholestatic liver injury in rats with BDL possibly through its antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory actions.
Inversion injury biomechanics in functional ankle instability: a cadaver study of simulated gait
Authors: Konradsen Lars , Voigt Michael 
Published: March 2003

The purpose of this study was to test pathogenetic models for the “unprovoked” ankle inversion injuries seen in functional ankle unstable subjects. The consequence of spatial mal‐alignment of the ankle/foot complex on the risk of producing an ankle inversion torque at heel‐strike and during swing‐phase follow through was analyzed in cadaver simulations. Heel‐strike was simulated using a 5° of freedom rig in a material testing machine. A set‐up capable of accelerating lower limb specimens towards a support surface simulated swing‐phase follow through. Joint excursions were monitored with flexible wire goniometers. The unloaded ankle/foot complex was placed in increasing positions of talar and subtalar joint excursions. The consequences of these settings on the behavior of the ankle/foot complex at heel‐strike and when the lateral part of the foot “caught” the ground during swing‐phase follow through were monitored. An inversion torque at heel‐strike was first seen when the unloaded foot was set in positions exceeding 30° of inversion combined with full plantar flexion and 10° of internal tibial rotation. A collision between the lateral border of a 20° inverted, but otherwise neutral ankle/foot complex and the ground surface during swing‐phase follow through forced the foot into the full limit of inversion, plantar flexion and internal tibial rotation measurable in this set‐up. Clinical consequence: The study showed that the foot/ankle complex exhibits a high degree of intrinsic stability at heel‐strike. The foot will thus stabilize itself and move into normal eversion at the beginning of the stance‐phase even though it is set to the ground in a substantial degree of mal‐alignment. In contrast, the swing‐phase collision model provides a link that can connect the small deficits in inversion angle awareness measured in chronic functional ankle unstable subjects with an increased risk in this group of sustaining ankle inversion injuries.
Patellofemoral pain syndrome: pain, coping strategies and degree of well‐being
Authors: Thomeé P. , Thomeé R. , Karlsson J. 
Published: March 2003

The purpose of this study was to evaluate how patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) experience their pain, what coping strategies they use for the pain, and their degree of well‐being. Fifty patients, 15–52 years old, with PFPS were evaluated with multidimensional pain inventory (MPI), coping strategies questionnaire (CSQ) and Spielberger state trait anxiety inventory (STAI). Reliability of the evaluation methods was established for 12 patients. Good reliability was established for all instruments except for six of the 13 scales of the MPI. Results on MPI, CSQ and STAI are in agreement with the literature on other patient groups with chronic pain. The most frequently used strategies were ‘coping self statements’ and ‘ignoring sensations’. High scores were found for the strategy ‘catastrophizing’ compared with other patient groups having chronic pain. The STAI scores were in general found to be somewhat higher than the scores found in the literature on healthy subjects. It is concluded that the way patients with PFPS experience their pain, the coping strategies for pain they use and their degree of well‐being, are in agreement with other patient groups who have chronic pain. Some concern is raised in terms of the high scores reported for the coping strategy ‘catastrophizing’.
A bioengineering study on the efficacy of a skin protectant lotion in preventing SLS‐induced dermatitis
Authors: Zhai Hongbo , Brachman Fred , Pelosi Alessandra , Anigbogu Angela , Ramos Maria Belinda , Torralba Maria Cecilia , Maibach Howard I. 
Published: March 2003

Background/aims: This study evaluated the efficacy of a dimethicone skin protectant lotion against sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS)‐induced irritant contact dermatitis (ICD) by clinical visual grading and bioengineering techniques in 12 healthy humans.Methods: The flexor aspects of both forearms of the subjects were used as test sites. Each test was duplicated to diminish the variations of the test sites. In a random order and a double‐blind manner, two test sites were pretreated either with the testing protectant lotion or with its vehicle control prior to contact with SLS. Thirty minutes later, 0.2 ml of 0.5% SLS in a polypropylene chamber was applied to each pretreated site. One additional test site served as a positive control (without lotion), receiving the irritant only. After 24 h of exposure to the irritant, the chambers were removed. The efficacy of protective effect was determined by four parameters: visual scoring (VS), transepidermal water loss (TEWL), skin color (a* value), and cutaneous blood flow volume (BFV). All test sites were assessed with the parameters daily for 5 days.Results: The VS data showed a significant decrease on the site pretreated with protectant lotion in comparison with the SLS‐only treated site (P<0.01) and with the site pretreated with control vehicle (P<0.05) (overall for 5 days). TEWL value was significantly decreased in comparison with the SLS‐only treated site (P=0.02 at day 2; P=0.008 at day 4; P=0.014 at day 5) and with the site pretreated with the control vehicle (P<0.05) (day 2, 4 and 5). However, the BFV and a* values did not show a statistical difference between protectant lotion, vehicle, and SLS‐only treated sites.Conclusions: This study demonstrated that appropriate dimethicone skin protection products may provide certain benefits from surfactant ICD. The skin protectant lotion may be used to prevent ICD in home or work environments, where skin irritants may induce dermatitis or eczema.
Tonality of suntan vs sunless tanning with dihydroxyacetone
Authors: Muizzuddin Neelam , Marenus Kenneth D. , Maes Daniel H. 
Published: March 2003

Background/aims: Although there is an increasing awareness of the detrimental effects of solar irradiation on skin, a tanned look is still in fashion. To achieve the tanned look without sun exposure various sunless tanning formulations have become available. Most of these contain dihydroxyacetone (DHA) which binds to the proteins of the stratum cornium and imparts a brown color to skin. This color is similar to a suntan but can be somewhat more yellow, making it appear unnatural. The aim of this study was to determine a quantitative method to define a “natural” tan and to study methods to improve the tonality of sunless tanning on skin.Methods: Tonality of suntan was determined as the marker for a “natural” tan. In order to achieve this, human volunteers were exposed to the sun and the change in skin color was observed after 3 days. Color measurements obtained with the Minolta Chromameter were plotted in two standard graphs labeled as the “natural universe of tan”, which depicted a balance between Chroma and change in reflectance, while the “natural universe of color” determined the balance between changes in yellow and red components of the suntan. Change in skin color after treatment with DHA was then inserted in these graphs to observe how “natural” the tonality of sunless tan appeared relative to suntan.Results: Results show a good balance between Chroma and change in reflectance for suntanned skin in the “natural universe of tan”. Conversely, the “natural universe of color” exhibited a good balance between increase in yellow and red components of suntan. Sunless tan data inserted in these graphs showed that for several subjects with skin types I‐II the tonality is not within the realm of “natural” but is unnaturally yellow. Addition of antioxidants, especially caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) in DHA formulation significantly shifted the tonality towards the center of the “natural universe of color”.Conclusions: The “natural universes of tan and color” exhibit a simple and quantitative assessment of tonality of suntan and sunless tan. Although skin tonality from DHA‐induced sunless tan can often lie outside the realm of the “natural” tan, it is possible to improve this tonality to a more “natural” look by addition of strong antioxidants in the DHA formulations.
In vivo model of the mechanical properties of the human skin under suction
Authors: Diridollou S. , Patat F. , Gens F. , Vaillant L. , Black D. , Lagarde J. M. , Gall Y. , Berson M. 
Published: March 2003

Background/aims: A new method for the in vivo characterization of the mechanical properties of skin has been developed. This comprises a suction chamber and an ultrasound device to measure both the vertical displacement of the skin's surface, and the skin's thickness.Methods: A mathematical model of the mechanical behaviour of a taught elastic membrane is used to obtain a set of parameters intrinsic to the skin, such as Young's modulus (E) and the initial stress (σ0), which reflect the stiffness and the natural tension of the skin, respectively. We also calculated an index of non‐elasticity of the skin (unrestored energy ratio, UER), which takes into account the volume of tissue mobilized. It determines a ratio between the energy input to the skin and the energy it dissipates. These parameters were evaluated from the volar forearm of 10 normal male volunteers.Results: The results were: 129±88 kPa for E, 13.5±5 kPa for σ0, and 0.42±0.04 for UER; with reproducibilities of 9.5%, 12.4% and 6.4%, respectively.Conclusions: This new suction device was found useful for the study of the behaviour of the skin, and the device may be used for the evaluation of certain skin diseases and their therapy.
Comparison of surface free energy between reconstructed human epidermis and in situ human skin
Authors: Lerebour G. , Cupferman S. , Cohen C. , Bellon‐Fontaine M. N. 
Published: March 2003

Background/aims: The objectives of this study were to characterise the Episkin® model of reconstructed epidermis histologically and energetic, and to compare the results with the data obtained by Mavon (9, 10) on different areas of skin on the human body and on different skin types.Methods: Histologically, the two skin systems studied were stained using Goldner's trichome method. Surface free energy was determined by the measurement of contact angles, using the posed drop method.Results: Histologically, the two skin systems demonstrated the same cellular organisation in stratified layers. With regard to surface free energy, Episkin, skin from the forehead, normal and hyper‐seborrheic skins are hydrophilic surfaces, while skin from the forearm or of an oligo‐seborrheic type tends to be hydrophobic. Episkin and skin from the forehead exhibit similar surface free energy profiles. It is impossible to state whether Episkin has characteristics closer to those of normal or hyper‐seborrheic skin, but they differ significantly from those of oligo‐seborrheic skin.Conclusion: The results obtained during this study justify the use of Episkin in a range of tests where the use of in situ human skin raises problems.
Evaluation of an experimental patch test model for the detection of irritant skin reactions to moisturisers
Authors: Agner Tove , Held Elisabeth , West Will , Gray John 
Published: March 2003

Background/aims: Moisturisers are used daily by a large number of people to prevent dryness of the skin. Irritant skin reactions to moisturisers are, however, known to occur. In order to prevent such irritant reactions reliable test methods for irritancy testing of moisturisers are needed. This study was undertaken to evaluate a non‐invasive patch test model for the detection of irritant skin reactions to moisturisers.Methods: Twenty healthy volunteers were patch tested with three different moisturisers: empty chamber, sodium lauryl sulphate and a moisturizer known to be non‐irritating. Skin reactions were evaluated by visual scoring, measurement of transepidermal water loss (TEWL) by an Evaporimeter, blood flow by laser Doppler flowmetry and electrical capacitance by a Corneometer.Results: A statistically significant increase in blood flow was found 48 h after application of one of the moisturisers tested, indicating an irritant effect of the product. A statistically significant decrease in skin hydration was found for the same moisturiser after 48 h. No statistically significant differences between the moisturisers were found by visual scoring. None of the products tested had any negative effect on the skin barrier function.Conclusion: The non‐invasive patch test model was found useful for detecting irritant skin reactions to moisturisers.
Efficacy of corticosteroids in acute experimental irritant contact dermatitis?
Authors: Levin Cheryl , Zhai Hongbo , Bashir Saqib , Chew Ai‐Lean , Anigbogu Angela , Stern Robert , Maibach Howard 
Published: March 2003

Background/aims: Topical corticoids are used to treat irritant contact dermatitis (ICD) in humans. However, their clinical efficacy remains sub judice. This study was designed to assess the efficacy of low‐ and medium‐potency corticosteroids on irritant dermatitis.Methods: We induced an acute ICD via open application of sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS) on the hands of subjects. The dorsal side of hands was irritated with 10% SLS five times in one day. Once on day 1 and twice daily on days 2–5, 1% hydrocortisone, 0.1% betamethasone‐17‐valerate and vehicle cream (petrolatum) were applied subsequently. Visual grading, bioengineering techniques and squamometry were used to quantify skin response.Results: Corticosteroids were found ineffective in treating the surfactant‐induced irritant dermatitis when compared with the vehicle and with the untreated control.Conclusion: The counterintuitive result (in a relatively realistic and robust model) should be interpreted with caution until verified with other irritants of varying physicochemical properties.
Anatomy and physiology of subcutaneous adipose tissue by in vivo magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy: Relationships with sex and presence of cellulite
Authors: Querleux B. , Cornillon C. , Jolivet O. , Bittoun J. 
Published: March 2003

Background Little is still known concerning subcutaneous adipose tissue and cellulite, and controversial questions are still under discussion.Aims Magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy were used to address two unresolved questions relating to the anatomy and physiology of subcutaneous adipose tissue.Methods Using high spatial resolution magnetic resonance imaging we characterized the topography of the dermo‐ hypodermal junction, and the three‐dimensional architecture of the subcutaneous fibrous septae. Using proton spectroscopy, we measured water and lipid fractions within a fat lobule, and T1 and T2 values of the detected compounds. All these data were analysed according to sex and presence of cellulite.Results MR imaging quantified deeper indentations of adipose tissue into the dermis, and evidenced for the first time a great increase in the thickness of the inner fat layer in women with cellulite. Moreover, 3D reconstruction of the fibrous septae network showed a higher percentage of septae in a direction perpendicular to the skin surface in women with cellulite; but our study also depicted the tortuous aspect of this network. MR proton spectroscopy could not show any differences related to sex or presence of cellulite concerning T1 and T2 relaxation times of the detected compounds within a fat lobule, neither the unsaturated lipid fraction, the saturated lipid fraction, nor the water fraction.Conclusions Magnetic resonance imaging showed that the 3D architecture of fibrous septae couldn't be modelled simply as perpendicular planes for women and tilted planes at 45° for men. MR spectroscopy did not confirm the hypothesis of increased water content in the adipose tissue of women with cellulite as suggested by others, except if such water would be located in the connective septae.