bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sentencing Aboriginal Women Who Have Killed Their Partners
Authors: Cripps Kyllie 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Drawing on 12 legal cases where Aboriginal women had killed their abusive male partners, this chapter reflects on whether the practice of law really hears women’s narratives of domestic violence. It explores the available defenses to homicide in New South Wales, Australia, and reviews how the practices of law and legal personnel hear or fail to hear women’s narratives of abuse. This chapter also explores the outcomes for Aboriginal women when the law fails to hear their experiences of abuse. This chapter concludes that while the legal system has developed the capacity to understand and explain the nuance of the circumstances reflected in the cases and introduced and developed a range of legal defenses that can potentially mitigate sentences for women who kill violent men, available evidence suggests that for some they can be ineffectual in practice.
Intersectionality, Vulnerability, and Punitiveness
Authors: Varona Gema 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter deals with the consequences of transforming an analytical concept into a criminal legal one. The concept of intersectionality is one of the axes of the 2022 legislative reform to protect women against sexual violence in Spain. The Spanish juridification of this concept derives from the activism of some institutional feminist perspectives. Paradoxically, criticism of this juridification comes from both patriarchal ideologies and legal scholars concerned with the rights of the accused, these technicalities being also ideological. In practice, instead of protecting and doing justice to all women victims, political manipulation and some legal approaches around the notion of intersectionality might bring the application of more aggravating circumstances without considering victims’ diverse and dynamic interests. This trend toward punitiveness hides women and other minorities’ search for equality as a common good for all and converts it into a mere rhetorical issue of alleged vulnerability while favoring real experiences of intersectional oppression.
The Politics of Poetics
Authors: Salem Joseph 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This two-part chapter introduces Boulez’s new writings on electronics, chance, and open form as a reflection of other changes in his experiments as a composer. Despite their progressive tone, his writings tacitly define clear boundaries of his experimentalism. In part one, aspects of a museum-culture conservatism that plagued his writings during this period appear in tension with his ongoing experiments with composition. In effect, his writings reveal ongoing conflicts between a static conception of the aesthetics of serialism and a much freer application of serial processes in his own compositions. In part two, these tensions help contextualize Boulez’s ill-fated obligations at the Darmstadt summer music courses and Cage’s corresponding rise to prominence at the festival (as a replacement for Boulez) in 1958.
Nationalization and Incumbency
Authors: Carson Jamie L , Sievert Joel , Williamson Ryan D 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter analyzes the incumbency advantage from 1840 to 2020. There is no shortage of existing work on this phenomenon, especially in the modern era, but this chapter offers new insights considering greater levels of nationalization in recent decades. Despite high nationalization, incumbents appear to be advantaged by their positions in office; however, the size of that advantage fluctuates depending on the level of nationalization at a given point in history. When races are more localized affairs, such as throughout the middle part of the 20th century, the incumbency advantage was much greater. That effect wanes as nationalization increases, but it does not completely go away regardless of the electoral rules or norms in place at the time. Therefore, the chapter concludes that incumbents have always enjoyed some electoral advantages, but the magnitude of that advantage fluctuates in predictable ways over time with changes in both institutional and political conditions.
Nationalization and Candidate Evaluations
Authors: Carson Jamie L , Sievert Joel , Williamson Ryan D 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter employs a unique survey experiment to evaluate how voters respond to the greater levels of nationalization in recent years. Partisan endorsements serve as a strong cue for voters’ ideological placement and favorability toward candidates. In short, voters increasingly align their views of candidates with their views of other political actors and are not necessarily evaluating candidates on their own merits. This provides a behavioral explanation for the rise in nationalization, comparable to that of the high nationalization witnessed under the party ballot and other institutional factors throughout most of the 19th century. This finding is especially noteworthy given the obvious similarities in nationalization across the two eras despite the distinct institutional differences.
A Higher Education
Authors: Dynner Glenn 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
As an independent Polish state emerged out of the rubble of World War I, its new leaders strove to “Polonize” the country’s Jewish population by means of mandatory public primary schooling. At the same time, they tolerated novel Hebraist/Zionist and Yiddishist/Socialist school systems founded by impassioned Jewish secularists. Hasidic leaders considered all such schools to be dangerously assimilatory and responded by embarking on ambitious pedagogical projects of their own. Notwithstanding widespread wartime destruction, formidable secularist Jewish competition, and a worldwide economic depression, they constructed enormous networks of primary schools (heders), Bais Yaakov schools for girls and women, and yeshivas—several of which would rank among the most prestigious in the world. Their institutionalization of Torah education, which often occurred in alliance with non-Hasidic traditionalists, was buttressed by zealous sermons, international philanthropical networks, and steady influxes of pious Jewish refugees from the Soviet Union, Austria, and Germany. Polish Hasidism was forever transformed.
Physical Pogroms and Spiritual Pogroms
Authors: Dynner Glenn 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The years following the death of Marshal Józef Piłsudski on May 12, 1935, saw a spike in violent picketing and physical assaults against Jews, their customers, and the police who tried to protect them. Some assaults grew into lethal pogroms. Hasidim were choice targets of violence on account of their recognizable appearance. Their responses were varied and included physical self-defense. But most Hasidic leaders appeared even more concerned about a looming “spiritual pogrom”: legislative assaults on kosher slaughtering (shehita). Hasidic protests against pogroms and anti-shehita legislation, especially under the auspices of Aguda, seemed to help curtail those threats. Other forms of protest were more symbolic, such as public prayer, sermons, and the construction of new yeshivas in pogromized towns. By 1939, Hasidic leaders began to appear more amenable to emigration from Poland.
The Afterlife of Bach's Organ Works
Authors: Stinson Russell 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This book explores the profound impact made on posterity by the organ music of J. S. Bach. It concerns a diverse group of musicians and non-musicians alike who in one way or another championed these compositions. The first chapter begins like a review-essay on two recent monographs on Bach, and then centers on a fascinating but neglected source, housed today in an American archive, that sheds light on how the nineteenth-century organist Wilhelm Rust conceived his orchestration of the Fantasy in G Minor, BWV 542/1, which he conducted in 1881 at Bach’s own church in Leipzig. Chapter 2 deals with three other nineteenth-century musicians, namely, Friedrich Rochlitz, Carl Ferdinand Becker, and Hermann Schellenberg, and their reviews of editions of organ works by Bach. All three critics voiced negative as well as positive thoughts about the music. The subject matter of Chapter 3 is the autobiography of the nineteenth-century organist Karl Gottlieb Freudenberg, which includes lively anecdotes about how Mendelssohn, Liszt, and even Beethoven responded to Bach’s oeuvre. Chapter 4 considers three blockbuster films from the late twentieth century, namely, The Godfather, The Silence of the Lambs, and Schindler’s List, in which Bach’s music is brilliantly appropriated. The fifth and final chapter consists of ten case studies in the reception of Bach’s organ music from the nineteenth century to the present. Special attention is paid to issues of performance practice, musical style, and the art of transcription.
Studies and Discoveries
Authors: Stinson Russell 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter begins with a critique of books by Christoph Wolff and David Yearsley, and then focuses on Wilhelm Rust’s personal copy of an edition of Bach’s organ works. Rust was one of Bach’s successors in Leipzig in the late nineteenth century, and in this source he composed his own pedal line for the Prelude in D Minor, BWV 539/1, and made a multitude of markings within the Fantasy in G Minor, BWV 542/1, that connect to his orchestration of the movement. Rust conducted his orchestration at Bach’s church on Palm Sunday 1881, despite protests from the congregation. None other than Johannes Brahms had recommended Rust for his position there. Brahms is known to have meticulously studied the fantasy, and he heard two performances in his lifetime of Johann Joseph Abert’s orchestration of the fantasy’s “partner,” the Fugue in G Minor, BWV 542/2.
Bach Goes to Hollywood
Authors: Stinson Russell 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter explores the psychological and political implications of Bach’s music in three films from the late twentieth century: Francis Ford Coppola’s The Godfather, Jonathan Demme’s The Silence of the Lambs, and Steven Spielberg’s Schindler’s List. Coppola samples two organ works by Bach (BWV 532 and 582) in the climactic baptism scene of his epic, thereby, in the words of film scholar Royal Brown, “linking megalomanical villains to their godlike aspirations.” In Demme’s production, the evil but cerebral protagonist Hannibal Lecter derives his inspiration from Bach’s Goldberg Variations, a magnum opus for the harpsichord and one of the composer’s most complex creations. In a haunting scene from Schindler’s List, where Nazi SS troops are about the business of liquidating the Jewish ghetto in Krakow, the already palpable sense of horror is enhanced by an impromptu performance, given by a Nazi officer, of the prelude to Bach’s A-minor English Suite for harpsichord.
Farmed Out
Authors: Brock Clare R. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Farmed Out uses US agricultural policy as a vehicle to understand how the rapidly polarizing political environment has altered the role of interest groups in Washington, D.C. Often understudied, agricultural policy impacts the livelihood of millions, the success of thousands of companies, the implementation (or lack thereof) of nationwide conservation efforts, and the diet, health, and pocketbooks of hundreds of millions. This book argues that polarization has given interest groups greater influence over policy content. Ironically, that same polarization regularly frustrates the capacity of groups to push Washington forward on policy change in a timely fashion, especially in the case of low-salience legislation where bipartisan collaboration matters most. Additionally, congressional capacity for research and fact-finding is at a historical low. In response to the changing political climate, the book asks: How have interest groups, who still seek influence, modified their strategies in response to this newly polarized and information-sparse political climate; and what implications does this have for interest groups’ influence on policy? Farmed Out answers these questions by looking at lobbying in the agricultural sector across two decades to discover changing patterns. The book demonstrates how party polarization expands and alters the role that interest groups play in policy construction and the negotiation process. It illustrates that interest groups have adapted their strategies and, consequently, that some have become even more powerful in their influence. Farmed Out points to the importance of behind-the-scenes coalition building in the policy process and how these often-unnoticed processes shape public policy for better or worse.
Relativism
Authors: Kagan Shelly 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A common thought is that there is no uniquely correct moral code. Rather, morality is relative to particular societies. The precise nature of moral relativism is explained, and possible arguments for relativism are examined. One relevant issue is the extent to which moral codes differ from society to society at the level of basic moral principles. A second is whether such disagreements, even if they exist, would show that there are different moral principles that are binding or valid for different societies, rather than showing only that different societies have different beliefs about morality.
Knowledge
Authors: Kagan Shelly 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter argues that moral intuitions can provide inputs to moral theorizing in much the same way that empirical observations can provide inputs to empirical theorizing. In both cases, things appear to us a certain way, and such appearances provide defeasible justification for the corresponding beliefs. Arguments against giving intuitions epistemic weight are examined, and different ways of explaining the reliability of moral intuition are laid out, including the possibility that evolution has shaped us to have largely reliable moral intuitions.
Reductionism
Authors: Kagan Shelly 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
If positing moral facts strikes us as metaphysically or scientifically problematic, it is presumably because we are troubled by the very idea of there being basic moral properties. Thus, an important part of the appeal of reductionism lies in the thought that this problem disappears if we can reduce moral properties to nonmoral ones—and in particular, to nonnormative ones. But the open question argument purports to show that all such reductions must fail, and some antireductionists argue that we can simply see that moral properties could not conceivably reduce to nonnormative ones. This chapter examines these two antireductionist arguments. It also asks whether reasons can be reduced to the nonnormative via an appeal to the idea of an ideal reasoner.
The Party Leads Everything
Authors: Tsang Steve , Cheung Olivia 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Xi Thought requires the Chinese Communist Party to strengthen its role as the vanguard of China which “leads everything.” It considers the Party’s organizational laxity and the pluralization of thinking in China as impediments. To reverse the former, Xi reinvigorates the system of central leading small groups, merges party departments, subsumes state organs under the Party, and strengthens party-building at nonparty organizations. These measures have not only bolstered the Party’s leadership authority, but also contributed to the replacement of over two decades of collective leadership by Xi’s strongman rule. This is the most significant change Xi has made to the consultative Leninist system he inherited. To standardize thinking in China, Xi cracks down on Western or liberal political ideas. He appeals to ancient Chinese history and nationalism to make the people of China believe that socialism with Chinese characteristics is rooted in Chinese civilization.
Building a Moderately Well-Off Society Comprehensively
Authors: Tsang Steve , Cheung Olivia 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Xi Thought brands “building a moderately well-off society comprehensively” to be the First Centenary Goal, a milestone for “the China Dream” of “national rejuvenation.” To achieve the goal, Xi officially “eliminated” absolute poverty in rural China in time for the centenary of the founding of the Chinese Communist Party in 2021. The antipoverty campaign (2015–20), which featured dispatching upper-level cadres to poor villages, party-organized relocation and employment for the poor, reinvigoration of the Maoist dossier system, mobilization of extensive public participation, and forceful Sinicization of the Uyghurs, show how Xi “upgraded” the Party’s de facto social contract with the Chinese people. It promises to enhance the Party’s effectiveness in meeting public demands or expectations, in exchange for the people to actively defend regime security and accept more intrusive control. It also reinvigorates the mass line to reassure the public that the Party is delivering its side of the bargain.
Conclusion
Authors: Tsang Steve , Cheung Olivia 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Xi uses his Thought to set China’s present policies and future direction of travel. Although Xi Thought is still evolving, its core tenets are by now well established. Xi intends it to be on par with if not higher than Mao Zedong Thought, but it is nowhere as fully developed and its truly Marxist contents are thin. By reinvigorating Leninism, doubling down on Sino-centrism, and replacing collective leadership by his strongman rule, Xi has not only bolstered the consultative Leninist system he inherited but also changed how it works substantially. Xi Thought boils down to creating “one country, one people, one ideology, one party, and one leader” and making China great again. Although Xi Thought is not always implemented faithfully, it has already changed China with significant implications for the world. In Xi Thought there is only one way that China is allowed to follow, the Xi way.
Learn
Authors: Washington Anne L. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe fifth and final stage in the prediction supply chain is learning from the aggregated data processed through optimized algorithms. Data-driven predictions are the result of a continuous cycle of finding digital sources, designing models, identifying patterns, designing for efficiency, and eventually generating insights. Insights represent new knowledge. The central question in this step is to think about who has the privilege to learn from aggregate data. This chapter draws attention to the connection between what is collected and what is learned. A logic of aggregation introduces three metaphors—autopsy, warden, and butler—to describe the relationship between the original data subjects and the new knowledge recipients. This chapter explains why some populations, but not others, benefit from what data science offers.
Conclusion
Authors: Washington Anne L. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe unfathomable opportunities of the prediction supply chain need not be constrained by the demands of a few organizations. Procedural fairness, rule of law, justice, autonomy, or beneficence could be held with equal reverence as political, technical, or financial interests. With creative deviance, outliers rebuff limiting top-down speculations and instead rely on bottom-up data analytics. Liberation and transformation are equally as possible as domination and devastation. The conclusion looks to the past to reflect on data science’s potential. The history of the book shows that dissemination of knowledge can prevail despite commercial incentives to contain it. The freedom to learn, as practiced by librarians, offers lessons on rebalancing the power and information asymmetry. The final chapter argues that data analytics necessitates a broader approach to intellectual freedom. Communities that control their own digital representations illustrate the possibility of resistance and renewal through data science done differently.
Feeling Their Pain
Authors: McDonald Jared 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The 2020 presidential election in the United States marked, for many, a return to “compassionate politics.” Joe Biden had run on a platform of empathy, emphasizing his personal history as a means of connecting with everyone from American workers who had lost jobs to military families who had lost loved ones. Although perceptions of candidate compassion are broadly understood to influence voter choice, less understood is the question of how candidates convince voters they truly “care about people like them.” In Feeling Their Pain: Why Voters Want Leaders Who Care, Jared McDonald provides a framework for understanding why voters view some politicians as more compassionate than others. McDonald shows that perceptions of compassion in candidates for public office are based on the number and intensity of commonalities that bind citizens to political leaders. Commonalities can come in many forms, such as a shared experience (“I’ve been through what you’ve been through”), a shared emotion (“I feel the way you feel”), or a shared identity (“I am who you are”). Compassion is conceptualized through the lens of self-interest. Compassion may be universal, such as when candidates convey empathy to all individuals who are struggling. Or compassion may be exclusionary, such as when candidates express a preference for some groups over others. Thus, the way campaigns choose to wield compassion in their messaging strategies has important implications not only for election outcomes but also for American political polarization as well.
The Dark Side of Compassion
Authors: McDonald Jared 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Chapter 5 considers the potential for campaign mudslinging to undermine perceptions of compassion, demonstrating two important findings. First, character attacks effectively undermine evaluations of compassion. Second, although character attacks negatively impact evaluations of candidate compassion, the subjects of smear campaigns have tools at their disposal to combat these attacks. Perceptions of compassion are not formed in a vacuum. Instead, they are shaped by considering the various alternatives. A politician may be perceived as relatively more compassionate if their political opponent is viewed as especially uncaring or disingenuous. Using an experiment administered during the 2016 presidential campaign, the chapter shows that the commonly used attack on Hillary Clinton—that her undisclosed speeches to Wall Street banks made her untrustworthy—was effective at harming perceptions of Clinton’s compassion. Yet those attacks on Hillary Clinton were less effective when the attack was provided simultaneously with negative information about her opponent, Donald Trump.
Compassion and Its Value for Politics
Authors: McDonald Jared 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This book concludes with a discussion about what political compassion means in the broader context of democratic theory. Conventional wisdom views the American public as helplessly polarized and ill-equipped to make democratic decisions. Political compassion is not a panacea but represents a meaningful step forward. The book shows that opposing partisans (who are the most skeptical of campaign promises) are the best targets for empathetic appeals. If Democrats and Republicans can reach across the aisle, not by making token attempts at moderating issue stances, but instead by appealing to the humanity of those predisposed to be skeptical, there are better prospects for raising the bar of political discourse in this country. And despite the negative implications of this research for women seeking elected office, the chapter notes that there exists critical work remaining on organizational efforts to break down the barriers women face when entering the political arena.