bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hemangioblasts, angioblasts, and adult endothelial cell progenitors
Authors: Schatteman Gina C. , Awad Ola 
Published: December 2003

AbstractAfter decades of speculation, proof of embryonic hemangioblasts finally emerged a few years ago. Surprisingly, at about the same time, evidence for adult hemangioblasts began to appear, and recent single‐cell bone marrow transplants have confirmed their existence. Embryonic and adult hemangioblasts appear to share antigenic determinants, including CD34, ACC133, and VEGFR2, although their phenotype may be plastic. They also respond to similar factors, prominent among them vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). In the adult, hemangioblasts reside principally in the bone marrow, although they may subsequently leave that niche to reside in nonhematopoietic tissues. A number of studies indicate that these cells or their progeny may be a significant source of endothelial cells in adult pathologic and nonpathologic vascularization, and may participate in vascular repair. In addition to hemangioblasts, a more differentiated source of endothelial cell progenitors may be present in the blood, namely, monocytes or monocytic‐like cells. The relative importance of the two cell types in vivo is not clear, though endothelial cells derived from the two sources may not be identical, and hemangioblasts seem to provide a stimulus for differentiation of the monocytes. Treatment with exogenous bone marrow‐derived cells can promote neovascularization, accelerate restoration of blood flow to ischemic tissues, and improve cardiac function after infarct. Hence, there is great hope that either alone, in combination with angiogenic factors, or as gene therapy vectors, we can harness these cells to treat ischemic and vascular diseases in the relatively near future. Anat Rec Part A 276A:13–21, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cardiac neural crest stem cells
Authors: Sieber‐Blum Maya 
Published: December 2003

AbstractWhereas the heart itself is of mesodermal origin, components of the cardiac outflow tract are formed by the neural crest, an ectodermal derivative that gives rise to the peripheral nervous system, endocrine cells, melanocytes of the skin and internal organs, and connective tissue, bone, and cartilage of the face and ventral neck, among other tissues. Cardiac neural crest cells participate in the septation of the cardiac outflow tract into aorta and pulmonary artery. The migratory cardiac neural crest consists of stem cells, fate‐restricted cells, and cells that are committed to the smooth muscle cell lineage. During their migration within the posterior branchial arches, the developmental potentials of pluripotent neural crest cells become restricted. Conversely, neural crest stem cells persist at many locations, including in the cardiac outflow tract. Many aspects of neural crest cell differentiation are driven by growth factor action. Neurotrophin‐3 (NT‐3) and its preferred receptor, TrkC, play important roles not only in nervous system development and function, but also in cardiac development as deletion of these genes causes outflow tract malformations. In vitro clonal analysis has shown a premature commitment of cardiac neural crest stem cells in TrkC null mice and a perturbed morphology of the endothelial tube. Norepinephrine transporter (NET) function promotes the differentiation of neural crest stem cells into noradrenergic neurons. Surprisingly, many diverse nonneuronal embryonic tissues, in particular in the cardiovascular system, express NET also. It will be of interest to determine whether norepinephrine transport plays a role also in cardiovascular development. Anat Rec Part A 276A:34–42, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Blood cell progenitors: Insights into the properties of stem cells
Authors: Yoder Mervin C. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractHematopoiesis is a dynamic process in which eight lineages of mature blood cells are derived from a common stem cell. Great progress has been made in identifying the functionally disparate progenitors that emerge from the stem cell and in elucidating the molecules required for their growth and survival. Further work will be required to understand the molecular mechanisms that regulate commitment of stem and progenitor cells to each stage of progenitor cell development and ultimately into the mature blood cells. Anat Rec Part A 276A:66–74, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Adult stem cells
Authors: Young Henry E. , Black Asa C. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractDevelopment of a multicellular organism is accomplished through a series of events that are preprogrammed in the genome. These events encompass cellular proliferation, lineage commitment, lineage progression, lineage expression, cellular inhibition, and regulated apoptosis. The sequential progression of cells through these events results in the formation of the differentiated cells, tissues, and organs that constitute an individual. Although most cells progress through this sequence during development, a few cells leave the developmental continuum to become reserve precursor cells. The reserve precursor cells are involved in the continual maintenance and repair of the tissues and organs throughout the life span of the individual. Until recently it was generally assumed that the precursor cells in postnatal individuals were limited to lineage‐committed progenitor cells specific for various tissues. However, studies by Young, his colleagues, and others have demonstrated the presence of two categories of precursor cells that reside within the organs and tissues of postnatal animals. These two categories of precursor cells are lineage‐committed (multipotent, tripotent, bipotent, and unipotent) progenitor cells and lineage‐uncommitted pluripotent (epiblastic‐like, ectodermal, mesodermal, and endodermal) stem cells. These reserve precursor cells provide for the continual maintenance and repair of the organism after birth. Anat Rec Part A 276A:75–102, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cardiovascular potential of embryonic stem cells
Authors: Gerecht‐Nir Sharon , Fishman Bettina , Itskovitz‐Eldor Joseph 
Published: December 2003

AbstractInitial events involved in the process of heart formation consist of myocardial differentiation as well as development of endothelial and endocardial tissues. As only limited means are allocated to the studying of cardiovascular system development, embryonic stem cells (ESCs) isolated from the inner cell mass (ICM) of developing mice or human blastocysts offer the first step toward the understanding of these complex and intriguing events. ESCs are able to differentiate into a wide range of cell types, including various vascular cells and cardiomyocytes, and their self‐renewal capability renders them a unique, homogeneous, and unlimited preliminary population of cells for the investigation of early developmental events of cardiovascular system and lineage commitment. This review summarizes the accumulated knowledge of the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the development of the cardiovascular system. Anat Rec Part A 276A:58–65, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Adult stem cells and their cardiac potential
Authors: Eisenberg Leonard M. , Eisenberg Carol A. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractAdult cardiac muscle is unable to repair itself following severe disease or injury. Because of this fundamental property of the myocardium, it was long believed that the adult myocardium is a postmitotic tissue. Yet, recent studies have indicated that new cardiac myocytes are generated throughout the life span of an adult and that extracardiac cells can contribute to the renewal of individual cells within the myocardium. In addition, investigations of the phenotypic capacity of adult stem cells have suggested that their potential is not solely restricted to the differentiated cell phenotypes of the source tissue. These observations have great implications for cardiac biology, as stem cells obtained from the bone marrow and other readily accessible adult tissues may serve as a source of replacement cardiac myocytes. In this review, we describe the evidence for these new findings and discuss their implications in context of the continuing controversy over stem cell plasticity. Anat Rec Part A 276A:103–112, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Millimeter wave exposure reverses TPA suppression of gap junction intercellular communication in HaCaT human keratinocytes
Authors: Chen Q. , Zeng Q.L. , Lu D.Q. , Chiang H. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractThe effect of 30.16 GHz millimeter wave (MMW) exposure at 1.0 and 3.5 mW/cm2 on gap junction intercellular communication (GJIC) was studied in cultured HaCaT keratinocytes, using the fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) technique and laser confocal scanning microscopy to follow the intracellular movement of 5,6‐carboxyfluorescein diacetate dye. While MMW exposure alone for 1 h at either 1.0 or 3.5 mW/cm2 did not affect GJIC, MMW exposure in combination with 5 ng/ml TPA treatment reversed TPA induced suppression of GJIC. Exposure at 1.0 mW/cm2 resulted in a partial reversal, and exposure at 3.5 mW/cm2 resulted in essentially full reversal of the TPA suppression. Bioelectromagnetics 25:1–4, 2004. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Absence of genotoxicity in human blood cells exposed to 50 Hz magnetic fields as assessed by comet assay, chromosome aberration, micronucleus, and sister chromatid exchange analyses
Authors: Stronati L. , Testa A. , Villani P. , Marino C. , Lovisolo G.A. , Conti D. , Russo F. , Fresegna A.M. , Cordelli Eugenia 
Published: December 2003

AbstractIn the past, epidemiological studies indicated a possible correlation between the exposure to ELF fields and cancer. Public concern over possible hazards associated with exposure to extremely low frequency magnetic fields (ELFMFs) stimulated an increased scientific research effort. More recent research and laboratory studies, however, have not been able to definitively confirm the correlation suggested by epidemiological studies. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of 50 Hz magnetic fields in human blood cells exposed in vitro, using several methodological approaches for the detection of genotoxicity. Whole blood samples obtained from five donors were exposed for 2 h to 50 Hz, 1 mT uniform magnetic field generated by a Helmholtz coil system. Comet assay, sister chromatid exchanges (SCE), chromosome aberrations (CA), and micronucleus (MN) tests were used to assess DNA damage, one hallmark of malignant cell transformation. The effects of a combined exposure with X‐rays were also evaluated. Results obtained do not show any significant difference between ELFMFs exposed and unexposed samples. Moreover, no synergistic effect with ionizing radiation has been observed. A slight but significant decrease of cell proliferation was evident in ELFMFs treated samples and samples subjected to the combined exposure. Bioelectromagnetics 25:41–48, 2004. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effects of electromagnetic field emitted by cellular phones on the EEG during an auditory memory task: A double blind replication study
Authors: Krause Christina M. , Haarala Christian , Sillanmäki Lauri , Koivisto Mika , Alanko Katarina , Revonsuo Antti , Laine Matti , Hämäläinen Heikki 
Published: December 2003

AbstractThe effects of electromagnetic fields (EMF) emitted by cellular phones on the event related desynchronization/synchronization (ERD/ERS) of the 4–6, 6–8, 8–10, and 10–12 Hz electroencephalogram (EEG) frequency bands were studied in 24 normal subjects performing an auditory memory task. This study was a systematic replication of our previous work. In the present double blind study, all subjects performed the memory task both with and without exposure to a digital 902 MHz field in a counterbalanced order. We were not able to replicate the findings from our earlier study. All eight of the significant changes in our earlier study were not significant in the present double blind replication. Also, the effect of EMF on the number of incorrect answers in the memory task was inconsistent. We previously reported no significant effect of EMF exposure on the number of incorrect answers in the memory task, but a significant increase in errors was observed in the present study. We conclude that EMF effects on the EEG and on the performance on memory tasks may be variable and not easily replicable for unknown reasons. Bioelectromagnetics 25:33–40, 2004. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dosimetric analysis of the carousel setup for the exposure of rats at 1.62 GHz
Authors: Schönborn Frank , Poković Katja , Kuster Niels 
Published: December 2003

AbstractThe so‐called carousel setup has been widely utilized for testing the hypotheses of adverse health effects on the central nervous system (CNS) due to mobile phone exposures in the frequency bands 800–900 MHz. The objectives of this article were to analyze the suitability of the setup for the upper mobile frequency range, i.e., 1.4–2 GHz, and to conduct a detailed experimental and numerical dosimetry for the setup at the IRIDIUM frequency band of 1.62 GHz. The setup consists of a plastic base on which ten rats, restrained in radially positioned tubes, are exposed to the electromagnetic field emanating from a sleeved dipole antenna at the center. Latest generation miniaturized dosimetric E field and temperature probes were used to measure the specific absorption rate (SAR) inside the brain of three rat cadavers of the Lewis strain and two rat cadavers of the Fisher 344 strain. A numerical analysis was conducted on the basis of three numerical rat phantoms with voxel sizes between 1.5 and 0.125 mm3 that are based on high resolution MRI scans of a 300 g male Wistar rat and a 370 g male Sprague–Dawley rat. The average of the assessed SAR values in the brain was 2.8 mW/g per W antenna input power for adult rats with masses between 220 and 350 g and 5.3 mW/g per W antenna input power for a juvenile rat with a mass of 95 g. The strong increase of the SAR in the brain with decreasing animal size was verified by simulations of the absorption in numerical phantoms scaled to sizes between 100 and 500 g with three different scaling methods. The study also demonstrated that current rat phantom models do not provide sufficient spatial resolution to perform absolute SAR assessment for the brain tissue. The variation of the SARbrainav due to changes in position was assessed to be in the range from +15% to −30%. A study on the dependence of the performance of the carousel setup on the frequency revealed that efficiency, defined as SARbrainav per W antenna input power, and the ratio between SARbrainav and SARbodyav are optimal in the mobile communications frequency range, i.e., 0.8–3 GHz. Bioelectromagnetics 25:16–26, 2004. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The pleiotropic actions of vitamin D
Authors: Lin Roberto , White John H. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractGeneral knowledge of the role of vitamin D3 in human physiology has been shaped by its discovery as a preventive agent of nutritional rickets, a defect in bone development due to inadequate uptake of dietary calcium. Studies on the function of the hormonal form of vitamin D3, 1α,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3, have been greatly accelerated by the molecular cloning and structural analysis of the vitamin D3 receptor, which is a ligand‐activated regulator of gene transcription. Molecular genetic techniques including genomics have helped reveal that 1α,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3 can control more than calcium homeostasis. It has widespread effects on cellular differentiation and proliferation, and can modulate immune responsiveness, and central nervous system function. Moreover, accumulating epidemiological and molecular evidence suggests that 1α,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3 acts as a chemopreventive agent against several malignancies including cancers of the prostate and colon. Here, we survey the most‐recent findings and discuss their implications for the potential therapeutic uses of vitamin D analogues. BioEssays 26:21–28, 2004. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The role of insulin as an antithrombotic humoral factor
Authors: Chakraborty Kushal , Sinha Asru K. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractInsulin is well known for its essential role in carbohydrate metabolism: insulin deficiency results in the development of diabetes mellitus. It has been known for many years that people with diabetes mellitus are predisposed to develop thrombotic diseases including myocardial infarction. It was thought that the thrombus formation was the consequence of impaired carbohydrate metabolism. In recent years, it has become apparent that insulin is capable of ameliorating several pathophysiological events, leading to the inhibition and dissolution of the formed thrombus in the system. These insulin‐induced events include inhibition of platelet aggregation by prompting the synthesis of NO in platelet and prostacyclin in endothelial cells. Furthermore, insulin upregulates prostacyclin receptors and downregulates α2 adrenergic receptor in platelets, thereby amplifying the inhibition of platelet aggregation. Insulin also releases tissue plasminogen activator, a potent thrombolytic enzyme, from the platelet membrane which dissolves the formed thrombus leading to the resumption of normal blood circulation. In effect, insulin could be an essential tool in the control of thrombotic disorders. BioEssays 26:91–98, 2004. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Here is the evidence, now what is the hypothesis? The complementary roles of inductive and hypothesis‐driven science in the post‐genomic era
Authors: Kell Douglas B. , Oliver Stephen G. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractIt is considered in some quarters that hypothesis‐driven methods are the only valuable, reliable or significant means of scientific advance. Data‐driven or ‘inductive’ advances in scientific knowledge are then seen as marginal, irrelevant, insecure or wrong‐headed, while the development of technology—which is not of itself ‘hypothesis‐led’ (beyond the recognition that such tools might be of value)—must be seen as equally irrelevant to the hypothetico‐deductive scientific agenda. We argue here that data‐ and technology‐driven programmes are not alternatives to hypothesis‐led studies in scientific knowledge discovery but are complementary and iterative partners with them. Many fields are data‐rich but hypothesis‐poor. Here, computational methods of data analysis, which may be automated, provide the means of generating novel hypotheses, especially in the post‐genomic era. BioEssays 26:99–105, 2004. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Got milk? A pheromonal message for newborn rabbits
Authors: Luo Minmin 
Published: December 2003

AbstractA substance in rabbit milk, 2‐methylbut‐2‐enal (2MB2), has been identified as a pheromone that triggers stereotypical searching behavior from rabbit pups.1 Pups respond to the odor of 2MB2 solutions in concentration‐dependent manner, but fail to respond to 20 other volatile components in rabbit milk and 20 additional odorants. The effectiveness of 2MB2 generalizes across strains and breeds of rabbits, but is ineffective in closely related species. Finally, pup responsiveness to 2MB2 is innate and does not require learning. This study, for the first time, identifies a mammary pheromone that provides sufficient sensory cue for nipple attachment by newborns. In addition to contributing to our understanding of pheromonal communication, it provides an advantageous model system for neurobiologists. BioEssays 26:6–9, 2004. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Comparison of transradial vs. transfemoral approach in the treatment of acute myocardial infarction with primary angioplasty and abciximab
Authors: Philippe Francois , Larrazet Fabrice , Meziane Tarek , Dibie Alain 
Published: December 2003

AbstractCompared to the femoral approach, the use of radial arterial access has been demonstrated to reduce the incidence of access site bleeding complications in staged procedures. The purpose of this study was to evaluate clinical outcomes comparing radial and femoral approaches in the treatment of acute myocardial infarction with primary angioplasty and the GP IIb/IIIa inhibitor abciximab. Between 15 September 1999 and 15 September 2002, we prospectively enrolled 119 consecutive patients undergoing primary angioplasty with abciximab comparing radial (n = 64) and femoral (n = 55) access. In this nonrandomized study, freedom from major cardiac events at 1‐month follow‐up occurred in 62 (97%) and 52 (94.5%) patients in the radial and the femoral groups, respectively (P = 0.19). There were no major access site bleeding complications in the radial group, as opposed to three (5.5%) in the femoral group (P = 0.03), all requiring transfusions, with surgical repair necessary in two. Uncomplicated clinical course occurred in 62 (97%) of patients in the radial group and 49 (89%) in the femoral group (P = 0.04). Total hospital length of stay was significantly higher in the femoral group (5.9 ± 2.1 vs. 4.5 ± 1.2 days; P = 0.05). Cannulation time (from patient arrival at the catheterization laboratory to the effective placement of arterial sheath) and procedural time were not significantly different in the radial and the femoral group (respectively 8.5 ± 5.2 vs. 9.0 ± 5.8 min, P = 0.81, and 42 ± 28 vs. 44 ± 27 min, P = 0.74). Nevertheless, time of radiation (23.1 ± 11 vs. 16.5 ± 10.9 min; P = 0.01) and dose‐area product (28,616 ± 16,571 vs. 18,819 ± 10,739 R · cm2; P = 0.01) were significantly higher in the radial group. In patients with acute myocardial infarction treated with primary angioplasty and abciximab, the transradial access is efficacious with fewer major access site complications than transfemoral access. Transradial approach produces a shorter length of stay, as compared to the transfemoral approach, although with longer times of radiation and higher dose‐area product. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2004;61:67–73. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Transcatheter treatment of a large traumatic ventricular septal defect
Authors: Cowley Collin G. , Shaddy Robert E. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractWe report the first successful transcatheter closure of a large traumatic ventricular septal defect in a 16‐year‐old adolescent. The risks of standard open heart repair using cardiopulmonary bypass were felt to be prohibitive due to coexistent injuries. This case demonstrates the feasibility of transcatheter therapy for traumatic ventricular septal defects. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2004;61:144–146. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.