bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Potassium Silicate Spray and Water Stress on Yield and Yield Components of Sorghum
Authors: Al-rawi M B N , Al-Dulaimi O I M 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
A field experiment was carried out for the year 2021-2022 at Al Buaitha Research Station of the College of Agriculture - Anbar University, to study the effect of potassium silicate and water stress on the growth and yield of sorghum. The experiment was carried out using a Split-Plot arrangement according to the Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. The main plots included irrigation intervals (I1, irrigated every 4 days; I2, irrigated every 8 days; and I3, irrigated every 12 days), while the concentrations of potassium silicate fertilizer (250 S1, 500 S2, and 750 S3 ml liter−1 of distilled water), in addition to the control treatment S0, which was sprayed with distilled water only, allocated to the sub-plots. The results showed a significant effect of water stress treatments I1 and I2 on the average traits of head length, number of seeds per head, grain yield, and biological yield (26.20, 1920, 6.34, and 15.30 respectively). while, the treatments of potassium silicate fertilization S2 and S3 had a significant effect on the head length, number of seeds per head, grain yield, and biological yield (26.56, 1968, 6.12, and 14.63 respectively). The results also showed a significant interaction effect between the two study factors of I2S2, I1S2, I2S0, and I1S0 on the same traits (27.17, 2052, 6.52, and 16.32 respectively).
Role of Melatonin Application Date in some Biochemical Characteristics of Sesame Crop Affected by Irrigation Interval
Authors: Alkubaisi A F , Ali I M 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
A field experiment was conducted during the summer season 2022 at the research station affiliated to the University of Anbar / College of Agriculture in Al-Butha Anbar Governorate, which is located along an eastern length of 43 km and a width of 33 norths. To determine the impact of the date of melatonin addition, the extent of the sesame crop’s response to the irrigation interval, and its impact on the biochemical traits. The experiment was carried out in split plots, according to the RCBD design, with three replications. The main plots included irrigation intervals (5, 9, and 13 days), while the sub plots included melatonin spraying date (30, 40, 50, and 60 days). The results showed that delaying both the irrigation interval and the melatonin spraying date (60 days) and (irrigation interval every 13 days) increased the biochemical characteristics of each antioxidant enzyme’s activity (SOD, CAT, and carotenoids) and indicators of oxidative stress (H2O2, proline, and MDA). The maximum activity for SOD and CAT enzymes (54.95 and 6.78 unit’s ml−1, respectively) and carotenoids (0.08489 mg leaf fresh weight) was found 60 days after spraying. The highest indicators of oxidative stress (H2O2, proline and MDA) were 5.18 micromoles gm−1, 28.71 micromoles gm−1 and 11.23 micromoles gm−1 fresh weight, respectively.
Effect of Treflan Herbicide and Row Distances on Yield and Quality of Sesame Sesamum Indicum L.
Authors: Al-Qaisi A M A , Al-Kubaisi B N F , Al-Kubaisy S M A , Mukhlif F H , Makhilif A A 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
A field experiment was conducted during the summer season of 2022 in one of the fields of the Tawi area, belonging to the city of Ramadi in Anbar Governorate, Iraq, located at longitude 43° east and latitude 38° north, in silty clay soil, to determine the effect of different concentrations of Trifluralin herbicide and distances between rows on some yield and quality traits of sesame crop. The experiment used a completely randomized block design (RCBD) with split-plot arrangement and three replicates, where the main plots occupied three distances between rows, namely 40, 50, and 60 cm. The sub-plots included five treatments, namely the recommended concentration of Treflan spraying (1.4 L ha−1), half the recommended concentration, 1.2 L ha−1, as well as two control treatments (weedy check and weed-free). The results showed a clear effect of the different weed control treatments on most of the studied traits. Treatment W2, spraying the herbicide at the recommended concentration, achieved the lowest ratio dry weight of weeds, which reached 120 g m−2, thus increasing the inhibition rate to 59.7%.
Study of Genotypic and Phenotypic Correlation and Path Analysis Under Potassium Fertilization in Maize (Zea mays)
Authors: Al-Rawi O H , Bedn A A , Hamed M A 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
During the autumn season of 2018, a field experiment was carried out. The study’s goal was to evaluate phenotypic and genotypic correlation as well as path coefficient analysis under varied degrees of potassium fertilization. The study included nine different maize genotypes. Planted with three levels of potassium fertilization (75, 100, and 125 K2SO4 Kg Hectare-1). The split plot arrangement was done according to RCBD with three replications. The most important findings were summarized as follows: The genetic analysis revealed that genotypes differed significantly in all analyzed variables under the three levels of potassium fertilization. The grain yield genetically, phenotypically, and positively correlated with plant height, leaf area index, number of rows per ear, number of grain in a row and weight of 300 grain. The trait of a number of grains in a row showed genetic, phenotypic, and significant correlation with the three levels of potassium fertilization and the highest reached 0.95 and 0.89 respectively at the third level. Path analysis showed that the direct effects for a Leaf area index, number of rows per ear, Number of grains per row and weight of 300 grain were negative at the first level of potassium and highly positive at the other two levels. the direct selection for a number of rows per ear and Number of grains per row will incredibly effective in enhancing yield. However, the highest indirect effect for Number of grains per row was through plant height (1.76) at the first levels of potassium fertilization.
The Effect of Chelated Nano Zinc on Growth and Yield of Several Genotypes of Faba Bean Vicia faba L.
Authors: Hasan A I , AbdulKafoor A H , Aahmed Y , Al-Falahi A S I , Ghaffoori A T 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
A field experiment was carried out in the Al-Hussay area in Al-Fallujah district, Anbar Governorate, located at latitude 33°N and longitude 43°E, during the winter growing season of 2021-2022. The experiment aimed to study the effect of two concentrations of chelated zinc nano fertilizer (0.5 and 1 g L−1) in addition to a control treatment sprayed with distilled water only, on the growth, yield, and its components of three genotypes of faba beans Vicia faba L. (local, Turkish, and Spanish). The experiment was conducted using a split-plot arrangement in randomized complete block design (R.C.B.D) with three replications, the number of experimental units was 27 units, and the main plots contained different concentrations of nano zinc fertilizer, and the genotypes occupied the subplots. The statistical analysis showed that the Spanish Genotype Superior in several characteristics, such as plant height, number of branches per plant, chlorophyll content in the leaves, number of seeds per pod, and seed yield (120.8 cm, 12.90 branches per plant, 42.11 SPAD, 6.17 seeds per pod, and 144.17 g plant−1) respectively. While, the Turkish Genotype Superior in the number of pods per plant, 100-seed weight, and biological yield (30.98 pods plant−1, 142.09 g, and 274.44 g plant−1) respectively.
Response of Qualitative Traits of Sunflower Helianthus annuus (L.) Cultivars to Spraying with Glycine Acid
Authors: Al-Janabi A S , Al-Ani M H , Al-Rawi A A 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Field experiment was carried out during the spring seasons of 2021 and 2022 in the fields of a farmer in the district of Ramadi - Anbar province, in silty loam soil texture, with the aim of studying the response of qualitative traits of sunflower cultivars (Sakha, Luluah, and Akmar) to spraying with Glycine acid at concentrations of (0, 100, 200, and 300 mg L−1). The experiment was conducted according to randomized complete block design with split plot arrangement with three replicates, with a total of 36 experimental units, where the Glycine acid concentrations occupied the main plots, and the cultivars occupied the sub-plots. The most important results indicate that cultivars had a significant effect on most of the studied traits, with the Akmar cultivar achieving the highest percentage of oleic acid, linoleic acid, and unsaturated fatty acid percentage in both seasons, while the Luluah cultivar achieved the highest percentage of stearic and palmitic acids, and saturated fatty acid percentage in both seasons. The superiority of the Akmar cultivar and the high concentrations of Glycine acid, and their interaction in the percentage of oleic and linoleic acids, led to an increase in the percentage of unsaturated fatty acids, which improved the quality of sunflower oil, as the high percentage of unsaturated fatty acids and low percentage of saturated fatty acids are a desirable trait in sunflower oil.
Allelopathic Actions of Laurus nobilis on Seed Germination and Growth of Some Crop and Weed Species
Authors: Hamad S W , Rasul S A , Naby K Y , Dhahir I M , Abdulrahman M D , Bapir S H 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Allelopathy is a biochemical process that plants excrete several types of substances which have allelopathic effects on seed germination and seedling growth of other plants. This experiment was conducted to examine allelopathic effects of bay laurel (Laurus nobilis) aqueous shoot extract on seed germination and seedling growth of rapeseed (Brassica napus), wheat (Triticum aestivum), mung bean (Vigna radiata) and corn (Zea mays). The study was performed in sanitized petri dishes for seven days at 22C0. The experimental design was arranged for completely randomized design (CRD). In terms of concentrations, (0%, 2.5, 5%, 7.5% and 10%) were chosen for this experiment. The results showed that big concentrations (7.5% and 10%) aqueous shoot extracts of Laurus nobilis had significant inhibitory effect on seed germination while the least concentration (%2.5) caused the lowest significant influence in seed germination parameter. Other study parameters such as shoot length, root length, shoot dry weight, and root dry weight were significantly affected at concentrations (7.5 and 10%). The results illustrated that the two dicots, B. napus and V. radiata turned out to be the most sensitive studied plants to the application of B. nobilis aqueous shoot extracts. The findings of this experiment suggest that common bay laurel can be recommended to use as an alternative herbicide in the future.
Effect of Accelerated Physical Weathering of Coarse Soils and Wetting and drying Cycle on Some Soil Physical Properties
Authors: Al-Hiti F AY , Al-Nuaymy W S S 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
soil samples were collected in May the 5th, 2021 from wadi Al-Muhammadi) Al-Mohammadi valley(in Al-Anbar governorate in western Iraq. The trail consisted of four treatments. In the first treatment, the sample Is passed through a 2000 μm metal sieve, while in the fourth treatment the sample is crushed or milled to size 70μm sieve. In the second treatment, the mixture ratio of soil was 25:75 (natural: Crushed). In the third treatment, the mixture ration of soil was 50:50 (natural: crushed). This paper determined in the soil coefficients for penetration, the density sustainability, soil porosity, as well as scanning soil aggregates using an electronic microscope samples passed through cycle of wetting and drying the results showed that the decrease was evident in soil penetration resistance in recent cycles in conjunction with the decrease in soil bulk density significant because of mechanical pulverization and cycles of wetting and drying along with an increase in soil porosity. the proportion of soil cracks resulting from shrinkage and swelling has been calculated and It was found that it increases with the percentage of clay in the soil. The electron microscope images show the soil was influenced by the mechanical pulverization during the first three cycles, as for the wetting and drying cycles, their effect appeared in the last cycles, the partial transformation of mica to mineral 2:1 was observed with the progression of wetting and drying cycles.
Study of Na & Ca Exchange Relations and Selectivity Coefficient of Drained Marsh Soils in Southern Iraq
Authors: Jabr B H , Yassin M M , Sultan S M 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This study was carried out in some soils of dried marshes in the governorates of Basra, Dhi Qar, and Maysan in southern Iraq. The sites for six snodep were selected ifahS-lA, Al-Mashab, Al-Chibayish, Al-Hammar, Al-Azim, and Al-Musharrah. Their coordinates were determined using a GPS device. Through the quantitative calculation of the selectivity coefficient in the ion exchange system according to Gapon (KG)and Vanselow (KV) at the ratios (2:8) and (8:2) sodium-calcium and for concentrations of 100, 200, 400, and 800mmolcliter−1, their coordinates were determined in order to determine the reciprocal relationship between calcium and sodium as well as the extent of selectivity of the study soils for any of the two ions. The results showed that all the soils under study tended towards a preference for calcium by binding at the exchange sites compared to the sodium ion, and it showed a high preference for the study soils for calcium compared to sodium in low salt concentrations preference decreased with increasing salinity. The results of the study for the linear relationship between each of the values of the coefficient of preference (KG and KV) and the clay separation at the different soils of the study showed that there is a highly significant negative correlation (r) (-0.878 and - 0.9516) at the ratio 8:2 sodium: calcium, respectively. While no correlation appeared when studying the relationship between the selectivity coefficient constants (KG and KV) and each of the organic matter and the degree of soil reaction (pH) and lime (CaCO3).
The Influence of the Levels and Addition Methods of Zinc on Stimulating some Enzymes to Resist Salinity
Authors: Muhammed S A H , Al-Joboory W 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
A field experiment was conducted in Haditha city – Anbar governorate in winter season of 2021-2022, in a loamy texture soil to study the influence of levels and addition methods of Zinc to stimulate some enzymes for increasing the tolerance of wheat crop to salinity. The experiment was designed with randomized complete blocky design with split plots (R. C. B. D), by three replicates included included the experiment included soaking the seeds before planting with zinc in three levels of zinc, the first level (0) which represents the comparison treatment (soaking with water only) and the second level (75) which represents the soaking of the seeds with zinc at a concentration (75 mg Zn kg−1) while the third level included the soaking of the seeds with zinc With a concentration of (150 mg Zn kg−1) for eight hours, then the plant was sprayed with the same concentrations above in two batches, the first at the branching stage and the second was at the plant booting stage.The statistical analysis results showed that Zn addition (seed soaking and foliar spraying), led to reduction of harmful effects of saline stress, as well as increasing Zn concentration in soil, wheat straw, roots, 1000 grain weight m, grains yield and activity of antioxidants enzymes (POD and CAT). The best results have achieved by using the level 150 mg kg−1 Zn with seed soaking and with foliar Zn spraying on plant together and that reduce the effects of saline stress in plant.
Characterization and Classification of Some Soils Formed on Ophiolitc Rocks in Al-Bassit Region /Northwestern Syria
Authors: Ghanem S , Ibrahim A 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The aim of this study is to characterize and classify soils formed from ophiolitic rocks (mafic and ultramafic) by determining their morphological, physical and chemical properties, petrographic and elemental composition studies. The profiles were prepared under forest vegetation (pines) and described based on the referenced methods in Al-Bassit region (NW Syria) between the coordinates: N: 35° 41` - N: 35° 57`, E: 35° 42` - E: 36° 05`, which belongs to Mediterranean climate regime. Samples were collected from horizons of all profiles and some physical and chemical analyses were performed in addition to petrographic and Chemical composition studies. The horizons were of the form A (Mollic)-Cr-R in profile P1, and A (Mollic)-BW-C- in the profile P2, and of the form A ((Mollic)-C1-Cr2- in the profile P3. They were ordered as: A(Ochric)-C1-C2 in the profile P4. The fires that took place in the region affected the characteristics of surface horizons of some soils, such as the percentage of organic matter, structure, and the degree of soil interaction .The ultramafic derived soils in the P1 profile contained a high level of clay, while the percentage of sand increased in mafic derived soil P2, P4. The soil contained high levels of exchangeable Ca+2 and Mg+2, likely because they are in the structure of the rock. Carbonates are in low levels and are absent in some horizons, this is due to the composition of the parent material. The soil classification for studied profiles show that the profiles (P1, P2, P3) classified as Mollisols and the Profile P4 as Entisols.
Interactive effects of emitter type, water salinity, and deficit irrigation on of red cabbage (Brassica oleracea L) with evaluating drip irrigation system
Authors: Sabah Sazan H , Tahir Hussain T. , Karim Tariq Hama 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Field research was carried out at Kirkuk Governorate (Altun Kopri district) near the village of Hasar Al- Kabeer for the agricultural season of 2022 to compare two types of GR and Turbo emitter and two levels of water salinity on yield (0.55 EC dSm-1), (4.40 EC dSm-1), with four levels of deficit irrigation (ETc 120%), (100% full irrigation) (75% ETc), and(0.50% Etc). The results were analyzed with a factorial split-split plot design, and the F-test and Duncan’s test determined the differences between factories and averages. The system was evaluated at the beginning of the experiment in comparison between GR and turbo emitter performance. Results were shown to outperform the GR emitter on the Turbo emitter in four qualities: coefficient of manufactured variety (% CV), uniformity of emitter flow (% Eu), uniformity field emission F.EU%, and absolute uniformity field emission F.Eua% with results of 0.01% 9.45% %,99.09%and 99.87 % The system was also evaluated in the middle of the experiment in comparison between fresh water and saline water in same qualities parameter. The results were shown by the superiority of fresh water over saline water as the results were (0.0379%), (0.0932%), (98.83%), (97.16%),(98.28),(98.93), and(99.85),(99.87)respectively. The most important results showed the superiority of the GR emitter interference treatment with freshwater at water stress level (100% ETc) in the total yield Mg ha−1 and plant height cm for red cabbage were 26.50 Mg ha−1 and 35.00 cm. Turbo emitter with saline water at 50% water stress given the best value (24.20 leaf plant−1).
Response of Sweet Corn (Zea Mays Saccharata L.) to Different Levels of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizer
Authors: Abdullah H O , Al-Obaidy K S 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This study was conducted in the Agriculture research station of Chamchamal in Sulymaniyah / Iraq, on 3rd July 2022. Was designed using a completely randomized block design (CRBD) 4*4 with three replications. The arrangement of treatment is as follows, the first treatment was chemical fertilizer (NPK) consisting of four levels (0, 50, 75and 100) % of recommended application dose. The second treatment of two types of poultry manure (0, 4ton ha−1 domestic, 4ton ha−1 imported, and 2ton ha−1 from domestic and imported), results obtained from this study can conclude as follows. All parameters (Plant height, Number of leaves, Leaf area, Stem diameter, Biomass, and Chlorophyll content in heaves) significantly differ is by levels of chemical and organic fertilizers compared with control, the combination between 50% of recommended chemical fertilizer and 2 ton ha−1 of both organic fertilizer gave the highest value for all parameters.
The Use of the System Sys Land Evaluation System in the Evaluation of Gypsum Lands for the Cultivation of Peanut Arachis Hypogaea Irrigated in the Al-Tarrah Region, West of Anbar Province
Authors: Obaid U I I , Hassan M A , Raja A M 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Land assessment is one of the most important tools for integrated management of sustainable agricultural land use and land use planning. to achieve this, field visits were carried out and, depending on the factors of elevation above sea level and the prevailing land use type, 8 soil troughs and drill holes were dug in the study area with a depth of 120 cm The number of which is (48) so that it is representative of the studied region. The samples were taken in a systematic way, to perform physical and chemical analyzes such as tissue (%rum, %silt, % clay, % organic matter, cation exchange capacity, and others). The results of soil analysis showed the difference in the influence of physical and chemical determinants, and the biggest determinant of peanut cultivation was the amount of gypsum and pH values as an average determinant. The final total estimate of the climate factor is not a determinant of the growth of the field pistachio crop in the study area. The study found that the types of suitability ranged from N1 to N2.
Evaluating the Suitability of the Lands of the Al-Tarrah Project for Irrigating the Cultivation of Wheat Crop
Authors: Obaid U I I , Hassan M A , Raja A M , Al-Rafai M K 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Due to the importance of the desert areas and the vastness of their area and for the purpose of expanding the possibility of investing them agriculturally, this study was carried out in Altarrah project in Anbar governarate in order to evaluate the land suitability for irrigating the cultivation of wheat crop the study area located between 358000-366000 E and 3712000-371700 N. the results indicated that the climate index reached (85.3), which indicates the suitability of the climate for wheat cultivation. The suitable class of the lands of the region were distributed to the two classes N1, which included pedons (P1, P2, P5, P7, P8) and class S3, which included pedons (P6, P4, P3). The limitation factor for wheat cultivation was the gypsum and soil texture.
Characterization and Classification of the Soils Tilth of Al-Rumaitha Area of Al-Muthanna Governorate
Authors: Al-Bayati A H 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The study area was chosen within Al-Muthanna Governorate, with an area of approximately (11719) hectares, located between longitude 509000 E and 521000 E and latitude 3473000N and 3492000 N (UTM). The semi details soil survey was carried out to selected area for study through digged up 94 Augar holes using the grade soil system, which was determined geographically using the GPS device. According to the results of the field examination of the Augar holes, and the distribution & area of the diagnostic physiological units in the area, eight pedons location which represented for the region. Pedons were dissected and morphologically described, then disturbed samples which representing each diagnosed horizon was taken and transferred to the laboratory for analysis its some physical and chemical properties. The soil was classified to the level of series, also the soil tilth classified. The results of the soil tilth classes which was present in the case of dry condition consistency of the surface layer were very good (B), good (C), moderate (D) and weak tilth class (E), which occupied the lowest area of the study area by 1.7%, the good tilth class occupied the largest area, its reached 51.09%, while the two tilth classes, very good and moderately, reached 22.51% and 24.71%, respectively.