bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative Assessment of WINISI and The Unscrambler for Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy (NIRS) Modelling of Phytate and Antioxidants in Brown Rice
Authors: John Racheal , Bhardwaj Rakesh , Jeyaseelan Christine , Bollinedi Haritha , Singh Rakesh , Singh G P 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Brown rice has been known to be a better alternative to polished rice due to greater amounts of nutrients including antioxidants. Phytic acid and phenols in brown rice are also known to impart antioxidant capacity. Near infrared reflectance spectroscopy is renowned to estimate the nutritional composition of brown rice. The present study was conducted to develop the prediction models of total phenolic content (TPC), phytic acid (TPA) and antioxidant capacity (TAC) of brown rice. While both WIN ISI and The Unscrambler® software produce crisp models, certain limitations such as principal component analysis (PCA) descriptives in WIN ISI and inverse multiple scatter correction (iMSC) in The Unscrambler® lead to uncertainty of the results. Hence, the models in this study were generated using PCA and partial least square (PLS) regression, which were compared on both WIN ISI and The Unscrambler® separately. The reference data of 226 rice landraces was subjected to both the softwares and optimal models were obtained from standard normal variate (SNV-DT) for TPA and TPC over The Unscrambler®, while multiplicative scatter correction (MSC) was found better for TPC model development on WIN ISI. According to regression analysis the best prediction model was obtained for TPC employing MSC with RSQ = 0.925 and RPD = 3.11 in WIN ISI, while the rest were better validated in The Unscrambler® using SNV-DT with RSQ = 0.888, 0.958 RPD = 2.97, 2.93 for TPA and TAC respectively. The results are indicative of the NIRS ability and the effect of different scatter corrections to rapidly predict antioxidant content in brown rice.
Trends in Bacterial and Candida Infections Prior to and Throughout the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Mana Hassan Al , Wilson Godwin , Hadi Hamad Abdel , Ibrahim Emad , Eltai Nahla O. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Introduction:
The COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 virus resulted in significant global health consequences. The interventions introduced to limit the spread of the virus had a significant impact on the course of the pandemic but also might involve other pathogens besides SARS-CoV-2. This study investigates the epidemiological variations for major bacterial and common fungal pathogens represented by Candidaspecies infection in Qatar through retrospective hospital records.
Methods:
Retrospective data was collected on all bacterial and Candida infections from Hamad General Hospital between January 2019-December, 2021. Statistical analyses were performed using R (Version 4.1.0). Infection count comparisons were performed using chi-square goodness of fit tests. Differences in patient numbers were tested with one-way ANOVA followed by post-hoc Tukey HSD. The number of infections and measures were correlated using Spearman rank correlation. The significance level was set at 0.05, and where applicable, the Holm-Bonferroni method was used to correct for multiple testing.
Results:
The general trend for bacterial and Candida infections showed a significant decrease (p < 0.05) following the imposed restrictions and increases during restriction lifting periods. The number of bacterial infections correlated with the number of international visitors (r= 0.61, p <0.01), while the number of Candida infections correlated with hospital admissions of COVID-19 patients (r=0.59, p = 0.013).
Conclusions:
The results provide a general overview of the infection trends in Qatar through the COVID-19 pandemic and illustrate some of the pandemic interventions' effects on bacterial and Candida infections. However, further research is needed to understand underlying trend dynamics better.
The effect of antibiotic therapy before percutaneous nephrolithotomy on the frequency of postoperative complications
Authors: Falahatkar Siavash , Jafari Alireza , Afzalipoor Masoomeh , Bonyad Ali , Soofi Maziyar Bamdad 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Purpose:
Stone disease is affecting 0.13% of the population in the world, and percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) could be effective and safe to treat complex or large volumes of nephrolithiasis. PCNL may have considerable risks and complications, such as fever.
Patients and Methods:
We conducted a retrospective clinical study on 708 patients who underwent PCNL in the Razi Hospital. Patients were allocated into two groups; group 1 included 454 patients with at least an antibiotic therapy experience, and group 2 included 254 patients without pre-operative antibiotic therapy.
Results:
241(53.1%) males and 213(46.9%) females were in group 1, and 137(53.9%) males and 116(45.7%) females were in group 2. 82.7% of patients treated with antibiotics had a negative culture. The hospitalization time in patients was 4.00± 1.74 days (group 1) and 2.26 ± 1.5 days (group 2). The fever was seen in 39(11.9%) patients (group 1). Sepsis was seen in only one patient in group 1 (0.3%). There is a significant relationship between total hospitalization (P-value=0.000), hospitalization after operation (P-value=0.000), hypertension (p-value =0.009), ischemic heart disease (p-value =0.050), history of shock wave lithotripsy (p-value =0.003), hydronephrosis (p-value =0.000), age (P-value=0.004), and hemoglobin (P-value=0.000) with antibiotic therapy.
Conclusion:
A few patients who underwent PCNL suffer from fever despite antibiotic therapy. Overall, we found that antibiotic therapy does not play an effective role in reducing post-operative fever.
Augmentation of Omicron pathogenicity in hamsters using intratracheal inoculation
Authors: Port# Julia R. , Yinda Claude Kwe , Schulz Jonathan E. , Shaia Carl. I. , Munster Vincent J. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 displays an attenuated phenotype in the Syrian hamster after intranasal inoculation. This is characterized by reduced viral replication and lung pathology in the lower respiratory tract. Here, we report that intratracheal inoculation with BA.1 Omicron recovers the lower respiratory tract replication and pathogenicity as observed with other lineages.
Silver dendrite decorated microporous copper structures for the enhancement of nucleate boiling heat transfer
Authors: R Johnsan , Das Sudev , A Inbaoli , CS Sujith Kumar 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

This study explores the augmentation of nucleate boiling heat transfer by surface modification of copper through a combination of electrodeposition and galvanic exchange reaction (GER). A novel microporous copper network adorned with silver dendrites was synthesized to boost the nucleate boilig heat transfer. The boiling characteristics such as heat transfer coefficient (HTC), onset of boiling (ONB), and bubble dynamics were experimentally studied for copper deposite with silver coatings produced at varying concentrations of silver ions (100, 200, and 400 mg/L) and immersion times (60, 80, and 300 s). Among the samples tested, the copper deposite coated with silver dendrites at 400 mg/L for 300 seconds (sample S5) exhibited the most substantial enhancement. Compared to the performance of the bare copper surface, sample S5 demonstrated a remarkable 163.61% increase in the heat transfer coefficient and a notable 61.11% reduction in wall superheat. This result can be attributed to the well-developed silver dendrites and the availability of micropores, facilitating hinderance-free bubble emanation.The factors governing the enhancement includes the microporous structure of the deposits, the high purity of the coating, and the surplus nucleation sites provided by the dendritic nature of silver.
Bird Detection and Overall Bird Situational Awareness at Airports
Authors: Fu Hongxuan , Wang Chunyi , Benani Nihed , Zhang Mingqi , Chen Jian Lin , Gong Yanqi , Mo Xunqiang , Gao Jinjing , Mao Guozhu 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Bird behaviors have been widely detected and studied as important ecological indicators. As one of results of bird flight behavior at airports, bird strike has received constant attention due to its impacts on significant economic and life costs. Therefore, bird detection and awareness play a crucial role in the bird strike prevention at airports. This paper reviews the development of the bird identification and detection. The results show that (1) the number of publications is in a rapid growth with United States having a strong academic influence as the core of international cooperation network; (2) acoustic monitoring, image and radar detection are three primary technologies according to the analysis of the co-occurrence and keywords evolution trends; (3) all three technologies are still in the development stage and artificial intelligence-assisted multiple detection technologies combination should be the direction of technological innovation based on S-curve analysis; (4) a conceptual model can be proposed for airport bird detection and overall bird situational awareness to establish a comprehensive airport bird strike prevention system. The results provide information on the prospects of technology development and future hotspots in bird detection and situation awareness, which will be useful for scholars and policy makers in related fields.
AP39 pro-FUNDC1 mediated mitophagy regulates mitochondrial dynamics to improve HHCY-induced myocardial remodeling
Authors: Li Yaling , Hu Hongmin , Lai Qi , Yang Jun , Ouyang Fan , Chu Chun 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Our previous studies have shown that hyper-homocysteinemia (HHCY) can induce myocardial fibrosis and remodeling, but the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. AP39, a newly synthesized mitochondrial-targeted H2S donor, has been shown to inhibit myocardial cell injury and endothelial cell aging, but its specific regulatory mechanisms are unclear. Therefore, in this study, we constructed an animal model of HHCY-induced myocardial remodeling in SD rats by drinking water containing L-methionine (10g/L), and observed that HHCY rats had decreased cardiac function, significant collagen fiber deposition in myocardial tissue, increased senescent cells in myocardial tissue, inhibited Mitophagy, and significantly imbalanced mitochondrial dynamics. AP39 intervention (100nM) could significantly reverse the above phenomena; similar changes were observed in vitro experiments. RNA-seq technology and quantitative PCR on H9c2 myocardial cells stimulated by HHCY showed that AP39 intervention could reverse the down-regulation of FUNDC1-mediated Mitophagy induced by HHCY, and RNA interference of FUNFC1 could eliminate the effect of AP39. In conclusion, the mitochondrial-targeted H2S donor AP39 may improve myocardial mitochondrial dynamics and stress-induced senescence by up-regulating FUNDC1-mediated Mitophagy, thereby improving HHCY-induced myocardial remodeling.
Mechanisms of action of telomere-related genes and telomere length-related proteins in relation to psychiatric disorders: A multi-method Mendelian Randomization study
Authors: Feng Yu , Shen Jing 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Psychiatric disorders (PD) refer to disorders that affect individual thinking, emotional regulation, and behavior. Notably, PD are associated with factors such as genes, proteins, and telomere-associated methylation.
Method
This study used GWAS, single-cell expression quantitative trait loci (sc-eQTL), and brain tissue eQTL and mQTL data of eleven psychiatric diseases for summary data-based Mendelian randomization analysis (SMR). A pQTL with a two-sample Mendelian randomization study was also used to investigate the mechanisms of telomere-related gene expression regulation and the causal relationship between telomere-related proteins and PD.
Result
Multiple telomere-related risk genes that are associated with PD were identified using SMR analysis. These genes were mainly expressed in cell types such as oligodendrocytes, excitatory neurons, dopaminergic neurons, and OPCs. Furthermore, several methylation-gene-disease regulatory signals were screened. Using a Mendelian randomization analysis, associations between seven telomere length-associated proteins i.e., GUSB, PSG5, MDM4, SPDEF, TNS2, MSP, and PLK1 and four PD i.e., bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, neuroticism, and schizophrenia were identified.
Conclusion
The collective findings in this study suggest an association between PD and telomere-related genes. Further, it was observed that specific genes are expressed in specific cell types in the brain tissue and play an important role in the pathogenesis of PD. In addition, there is a causal relationship between telomere length and PD, and methylation may play a role in the relationship between telomere stability and PD. Taken together, telomere-related genes and proteins have important roles in the onset and development of PD. These findings provide a new understanding of the pathological mechanisms of PD and offer potential novel targets for their diagnosis and treatment. Future studies will help in further elucidating the relationship between telomeres and PD and potential therapeutic strategies in this regard.
Advance care planning and unmet needs of malignant brain tumor patients and their caregivers.
Authors: Soeda Akio , Tamamura Emiko , Kani Tomoka , Kawaguchi Nahomi Ito , Tsuji Wakako 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Purpose: When the treatment of malignant brain tumors (MBTs) becomes difficult, patients transition to palliative and/or end-of-life (EOL) care. Advance care planning (ACP) is a process of discussing overall care goals and specific/medical treatments with patients and their families, in preparation for a future decline in decision-making ability. However, patients with MBT often experience a decline in their decision-making ability that renders ACP intervention challenging. Here, we clarified the level of awareness of ACP and caregivers’ burden to provide better EOL care for patients with malignant brain tumors.
Methods: We conducted an inquiry using a questionnaire focused on ACP and palliative/EOL care from relatives of patients deceased due to MBTs to gauge their unmet needs.
Results: Among the 18 patients, the questionnaires were successfully completed by the relatives of 11 deceased patients. While only one caregiver was aware of ACP, five had engaged in discussions about the disease and EOL considerations prior to its onset. Among these, four expressed a willingness to share their burdens with caregivers of individuals affected by MBTs, and five indicated a potential need for comprehensive consultation with other specialists.
Conclusion:Since the awareness of ACP was low, it is important to discuss it with the patient's caregivers and participate in ACP on the patient's behalf.
GenSynthPop: Generating a Spatially Explicit Synthetic Population of Agents and Households from Aggregated Data
Authors: Pellegrino Marco , de Mooij Jan , Sonnenschein Tabea , Dastani Mehdi , Ettema Dick , Logan Brian , Verstegen Judith A. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Synthetic populations are microscopic representations of actual citizens living in a specific area. They play an increasingly important role in studying and modeling citizens and are often used to build agent-based social simulations.Traditional approaches for synthesizing populations use a detailed sample of the population (which may not be available) or combine data into a single joint distribution, and draw agents or households from these. In this paper, we propose a sample-free approach where synthetic individuals and households directly represent the estimated joint distribution to which attributes are iteratively added, conditioned on previous attributes such that the relative frequencies within each joint group of attributes are maintained.
A functional diversity approach indicates that dragonflies and damselflies are a resilient insect order to land use change
Authors: Rocha-Ortega Maya , Sánchez-Rivero Xavier J. , Rodríguez Pilar , Córdoba-Aguilar Alex 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Functional diversity is one sound approach to understand how communities respond and structure themselves in the face of anthropogenic disturbance. We here used historical collection records and functional proxies to investigate whether Mexican odonate insects (123 species of Anisoptera and 107 of Zygoptera) respond functionally to land use intensification within hydrological regions. To do this, we used eco-morphological indices as functional trait hypotheses, with which we measured the effective number of species, richness, and functional divergence. Our findings suggest that, in general, Mexican odonates exhibit functional redundancy and are not affected by land use intensification as a functional environmental filter. These results, along with others that have analyzed species richness and turnover, suggest that odonates appear to be resilient to land use change. In the face of current insect extinction crisis, odonates do not seem equally affected.
Porous sulfur polymers for effective aqueous-phase organic contaminant removal – a low-cost sustainable material
Authors: Crick Colin , Diniz Vinicius , Bear Joseph , Rath Susanne 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Emerging contaminants in supposably potable water supplies are a global and growing concern. Maintaining conventional water treatment approaches to tackle growing contamination levels would mean exponentially increasing treatment costs, with some contaminants circumventing these efforts altogether. New approaches for water treatment are therefore required. Sulfur polymers made by “inverse vulcanization” are a highly promising candidate material for this purpose. In this work, porous sulfur polymers (PSPs) were synthesized from elemental sulfur and 1,3-diisopropenylbenzene, with porosity introduced via salt templating. The result is a material that can strongly absorb and chemically neutralize a model contaminant (caffeine). PSPs show adsorption up to 5 times higher than a leading adsorption material (activated carbon). This is the first-ever report demonstrating sulfur polymers as effective materials for removing emerging contaminants from water. The versatile synthesis of sulfur polymers offers variation, which means that there is much more to explore in this exciting research area.
Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services in Khartoum State, Sudan: A desktop Situational Analysis
Authors: Abdalhai Khalid Abdallah , Mokitimi Stella , Vries Petrus J. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Sudan is a Northeast African country, with 61.7% of its population under 24 years. With a large youth population and significant cultural and linguistic diversity, Sudan, like most low-income countries, has contributed minimal data to global child and adolescent mental health (CAMH) research. This study aimed to perform the first ever situational analysis of CAMH services and systems in Khartoum State, Sudan.
Methods
The study focused on Khartoum state and covered the calendar years 2019 and 2020. Using the World Health Organization Assessment Instrument for Mental Health Systems (WHO-AIMS) version 2.2 adapted for CAMH, the study focused on the publically available data sources. Findings were described and presented in tables and figures using the WHO-AIMS template.
Results
The situational analysis found no CAMH-specific policies, no separate budget for CAMH, and no supervising body for CAMH services in Khartoum. Three tertiary mental health hospitals provided CAMH services, all combined with adult mental health services. Essential medicines were available in all facilities, except methylphenidate available only in 3 central pharmacies. There was no free access to essential psychotropic drugs for children and adolescents except in emergency settings. Data about training to primary healthcare providers and the process of referral to specialized services were limited. A school mental health programme existed which provided early identification and management of CAMH problems in schools. The workforce was small and variable across all levels of care. No formal public health awareness campaigns and little evidence of formal intersectoral collaboration on CAMH were identified. A health information system existed, but no CAMH-specific items were reported. Among a handful of publications on CAMH, no national studies on CAMH were identified.
Conclusions
This situational analysis represented the first systematic collation of data and information about CAMH in Sudan. Findings highlighted some areas of strength, but also many gaps in CAMH services and systems. We acknowledge the need to complement the desktop analysis with in-depth data collection with stakeholders across multiple levels, but hope that this will serve as a first step towards strengthening CAMH services in Sudan and other low-income countries.
Therapy-induced senescent cancer cells contribute to cancer recurrence by providing a PD-L1 umbrella regulated by ribophorin 1
Authors: Lee Jae-Seon , Hwang Hyun Jung , Kang Donghee , Jung Jonghun , Shin Jisoo , Yang Wen-Hao , Cha Jong-Ho 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Conventional chemotherapy- and radiotherapy-induced cancer senescence, which is characterized by poor proliferation, drug resistance, and SASP, has gained attention as contributing to cancer relapse and the development of an immunosuppressive TME. However, the association between cancer senescence and anti-tumor immunity remains largely unknown. Here, we found that senescent cancer cells increase the level of PD-L1 by promoting its glycosylation and identified RPN1 as the major glycosyltransferase of PD-L1 during cancer senescence. RPN1 depletion significantly reduced this elevated level of PD-L1 through the ERLAD pathway to increase the susceptibility of senescent cancer cells to T-cell-mediated killing. Consistently, RPN1 depletion suppressed recurrence by decreasing PD-L1 levels and boosting CTL activity. Moreover, anti-PD-1 therapy effectively reduced the number of senescent cancer cells in irradiated tumors. These results provide crucial insights into how senescent cancer cells can escape T-cell immunity following cancer treatment and thereby contribute to cancer recurrence. Our findings also highlight the therapeutic promise of senescent cancer cell targeting for cancer treatment.
Radionuclide Tracing Based in situ Corrosion and Mass Transport Monitoring of 316L Stainless Steel in a Molten Salt Closed Loop
Authors: Wang Yafei , Olson Aeli , Falconer Cody , Kelleher Brian , Mitchell Ivan , Zhang Hongliang , Sridha Kumar , Engle Jonathan , Couet Adrien 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In the study, we report an in situ corrosion and mass transport monitoring method developed using a radionuclide tracing technique for the corrosion study of 316L stainless steel (316L SS) in a NaCl-MgCl2 eutectic molten salt natural circulation loop. This novel method involved cyclotron irradiation of a small tube section with 16 MeV protons, later welded at the hot leg of the molten salt flow loop, generating radionuclides 51Cr, 52Mn, and 56Co at the salt-alloy interface. By measuring the activity variations of these radionuclides at different sections along the loop, both the in situ monitoring of the corrosion attack depth of 316L SS and corrosion product transport and its precipitation in flowing NaCl-MgCl2 molten salt were achieved. While 316L SS was the focus of this study, the technique reported herein can be extended to other structural materials being used in a wide range of industrial applications.