bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Testicular Germ Cell Tumors
Authors: Singla Nirmish , Bagrodia Aditya , Baraban Ezra , Fankhauser Christian D. , Ged Yasser M. A. 
Published: February 2025

ImportanceTesticular cancer is the most common solid malignancy among males aged 15 to 40 years in the US, with approximately 10 000 new cases diagnosed each year. Between 90% and 95% of testicular cancers are germ cell tumors (GCTs).ObservationsThe mean age at diagnosis for testicular cancer is 33 years. GCTs are categorized as seminomas and nonseminomatous GCTs (NSGCTs) based on their embryonic origins and path of differentiation. Risk factors include cryptorchidism, family history of testicular cancer, gonadal dysgenesis, infertility, cannabis use, and genetic conditions such as Klinefelter syndrome. The most common presenting symptom of testicular cancer is a painless testicular mass. History, physical examination, scrotal ultrasound, laboratory assessment of GCT-associated serum tumor markers (α-fetoprotein, β-human chorionic gonadotropin, and lactate dehydrogenase), and prompt referral to a urologist are indicated when testicular cancer is suspected. Early diagnosis and treatment, starting with a radical inguinal orchiectomy, are important to optimize outcomes. At diagnosis, GCT is stage I (localized to the testicle) in 70% to 75% of patients, stage II (metastatic only to the retroperitoneal lymph nodes) in 20%, and stage III (widely metastatic) in 10%. Treatment of GCTs is guided by histology, clinical staging, and risk classification, with 5-year survival rates of 99%, 92%, and 85% for those diagnosed at stages I, II, and III, respectively. Optimal treatment often involves a multidisciplinary team at high-volume, experienced medical centers and may include surveillance (serum tumor markers [α-fetoprotein, β-human chorionic gonadotropin, and lactate dehydrogenase] and imaging of the chest, abdomen, and pelvis), surgery (retroperitoneal lymph node dissection), chemotherapy, and/or radiation. Treatment decisions should consider long-term survivorship concerns, including body image, fertility, hypogonadism, mental health, financial cost, adherence to follow-up, and late adverse effects of therapy such as cardiovascular disease, secondary malignancies, and potential psychosocial effects such as anxiety, depression, and social isolation.Conclusions and RelevanceTesticular cancer is the most common solid malignancy in young men in the US, and 90% to 95% are GCTs. Patients with testicular GCT have a 5-year survival rate of 99%, 92%, and 85% for stages I, II, and III, respectively. Prompt diagnosis and treatment are important to optimize outcomes, and treatment decisions should balance oncologic control with survivorship concerns to minimize long-term adverse effects of treatment.
Risk of Attempted and Completed Suicide in Persons Diagnosed With Headache
Authors: Elser Holly , Farkas Dóra Körmendiné , Fuglsang Cecilia Hvitfeldt , Sørensen Sissel Toft , Sørensen Henrik Toft 
Published: February 2025

ImportanceAlthough past research suggests an association between migraine and attempted suicide, there is limited research regarding risk of attempted and completed suicide across headache disorders.ObjectiveTo examine the risk of attempted and completed suicide associated with diagnosis of migraine, tension-type headache, posttraumatic headache, and trigeminal autonomic cephalalgia (TAC).Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis was a population-based cohort study of Danish citizens from 1995 to 2020. The setting was in Denmark, with a population of 5.6 million people. Persons 15 years and older who were diagnosed with headache were matched by sex and birth year to persons without headache diagnosis with a ratio of 5:1. Data analysis was conducted from May 2023 to May 2024.ExposuresFirst-time headache diagnoses identified from inpatient hospitalizations, emergency department visits, and outpatient specialty clinic visits using International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Tenth Revision (ICD-10) codes.Main Outcomes and MeasuresDiagnostic codes from the ICD-10 were used to identify attempted suicide from the Danish National Patient Registry and the Danish Psychiatric Central Research Register and completed suicides from the Danish Register of Causes of Death. Absolute risks (ARs) and risk differences (RDs) for attempted and completed suicide were calculated using the cumulative incidence function. Hazard ratios (HRs) for attempted and completed suicide associated with headache diagnosis were computed adjusting for age, sex, year, education, income, baseline comorbidities, and accounting for competing risk of death.ResultsIn total, 119 486 persons (83 046 female [69.5%]) diagnosed with headache were identified and matched with 597 430 persons (415 230 female [69.5%]) drawn from the general population. Participants’ median (IQR) age was 40.1 (29.1-51.6) years. The 15-year AR of attempted suicide among persons diagnosed with headache was 0.78% (95% CI, 0.72%-0.85%) vs 0.33% (95% CI, 0.31%-0.35%) in the comparison cohort (RD, 0.45%; 95% CI, 0.39%-0.53%). The 15-year AR of completed suicide among persons diagnosed with headache was 0.21% (95% CI, 0.17%-0.24%) vs 0.15% (95% CI, 0.13%-0.16%) in the comparison cohort (RD, 0.06%; 95% CI, 0.02%-0.10%). The hazards of attempted suicide (HR, 2.04; 95% CI, 1.84-2.27) and completed suicide (HR, 1.40; 95% CI, 1.17-1.68) were elevated among persons with headache vs comparison cohort members. Findings were consistent across headache types, with stronger associations for TACs and posttraumatic headache.Conclusions and RelevanceResults of this cohort study revealing the robust and persistent association of headache diagnoses with attempted and completed suicide suggest that behavioral health evaluation and treatment may be important for these patients.
Maternal and Child Health Following 2 Home Visiting Interventions vs Control
Authors: Schepan Marie Lisanne , Sandner Malte , Conti Gabriella , Kliem Sören , Brand Tilman 
Published: February 2025

ImportanceHome-based interventions targeting socially disadvantaged families may help to improve maternal and child health. Only a few studies have investigated how different staffing models affect early home visiting program outcomes.ObjectiveTo assess the effects of 2 staffing models of an early childhood intervention on mother and child outcomes.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThe baseline assessment of this randomized trial was conducted between November 2006 and December 2009 in 15 municipalities in Germany. The follow-up assessment at offspring age 7 years was carried out by interviewers masked to treatment conditions from April 2015 to December 2017. Data analysis was performed from March to August 2023. Pregnant women with no previous live birth, low-income, and at least 1 additional psychosocial risk factor were eligible. A total of 1157 women were referred to the study by gynecologists, psychosocial counseling services, or employment agencies; 755 were randomized to treatment conditions (2 intervention groups and 2 control groups); and 525 completed the follow-up.InterventionsBased on the Nurse-Family Partnership program, women assigned to the intervention groups received visits by either a midwife (midwife-only model) or by a team consisting of a social worker and a midwife (tandem model) until child age 2 years. Women assigned to control groups had access to the standard health and social services.Main Outcomes and MeasuresAverage treatment effects (ATEs) on the following primary outcomes were assessed using adjusted regression models with inverse probability weighting: developmental disorders, child behavioral problems, adverse, neglectful and abusive parenting, maternal mental health, and life satisfaction.ResultsThe mean (SD) age at follow-up was 29.6 (4.36) years for mothers and 7.55 (0.75) years for children; 272 (52.2%) of the children were female. Mothers in the tandem model reported fewer internalizing child behavioral problems compared to their control group (ATE, 2.98; 95% CI, −5.49 to −0.47; absolute reduction, 13.3 percentage points). Beneficial intervention effects were found in the midwife-only group on abusive parenting (ATE, −4.00; 95% CI, −6.82 to −1.18), parenting stress (ATE, −0.13; 95% CI, −0.20 to −0.06), and maternal mental health burden (ATE, −3.63; 95% CI, −6.03 to −1.22; absolute reduction, 6.6 percentage points in depressive symptoms), but not in the tandem group.Conclusions and RelevanceBoth staffing models produced positive intervention effects, with more effects seen in the midwife-only model. These insights can guide future early childhood intervention designs and may help improve health care for socially disadvantaged families.Trial RegistrationGerman Clinical Trials Register Identifier: DRKS00007554
Polyisoprene
Authors: Murray Aaron 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Ever since a synthetic
cis
‐1,4‐polyisoprene with the structure and properties of natural rubber was prepared in 1954 with the then newly discovered Ziegler catalyst, synthetic polyisoprene has been an important elastomer. Various catalysts have been used for synthesizing polyisoprenes, and the two commercially important systems are Ziegler–Natta and anionic polymerization. The manufacture of
cis
‐1,4‐polyisoprene and its compounding into formulations useful in making finished goods and articles are discussed. World plant capacities and estimated production figures for
cis
‐1,4‐polyisoprene are given, along with current polymer cost.
trans
‐1,4‐Polyisoprene is produced commercially only in Japan. Some of the specifications for
cis
‐1,4‐polyisoprene (Natsyn) made by The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co., the sole U.S. producer, include volatile matter, extractables, ash, and Mooney viscosity. The principal use for
cis
‐1,4‐polyisoprene is in tires and tire products, and for
trans
‐1,4‐polyisoprene is in golf ball covers and orthopedic devices.
Co‐Adsorbent Boosting the Performance of Perovskite Solar Cell Based on Hole‐Selective Self‐Assembled Molecules
Authors: Liu Yujun , Zhou Chao , Wang Fei , Li Haocheng , Cheng Quan , Ai Xinbo , Wu Junsheng , Han Yonglei , Han Ling , Ma Ye , Cao Qi , Feng Yuxuan , Zhou Kang , Li Jingbai , Hu Hanlin , Wang Shiyu , Lu Wang‐Ting , Zhao Zhuo , Wang Yongfei , Lin Haoran 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe inverted perovskite solar cells based on hole‐selective self‐assembled molecules (SAMs) have been setting new efficiency benchmarks. However, the agglomeration of SAM and lack of defect passivation ability are two critical issues that need to be addressed. It is demonstrated that by blending co‐adsorbent 4‐phosphoricbutyl ammonium iodide (4PBAI) with 4‐(7H‐dibenzo[c,g]carbazole‐7‐yl) phosphonic acid (4PADCB), enhanced homogeneity, conductivity, and better energy levels can be realized for the co‐SAM hole‐selective contact. The ammonium functional group on 4PBAI also can effectively passivate the defects at the buried interface and template high‐quality perovskite growth. Assisted by synergistic top interface modification, the power conversion efficiency of the optimized device reaches 24.96%, which can retain 95% of the initial after 1200 h in ambient for the unencapsulated device. The findings suggest that a well‐designed co‐adsorbent can effectively address the limitations and further enhance the performance of cutting‐edge SAMs.
Regulating Interfacial Chemistry to Boost Ionic Transport and Interface Stability of Composite Solid‐State Electrolytes for High‐Performance Solid‐State Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Wen Sifan , Sun Zhefei , Wu Xiaoyu , Zhou Shenghui , Yin Quanzhi , Chen Haoyu , Pan Jianhai , Zhang Zhiwen , Zhuang Zilong , Wan Jiayu , Zhou Weidong , Peng Dong‐Liang , Zhang Qiaobao 
Published: February 2025

AbstractComposite solid‐state electrolytes (CSSEs) that combine the benefits of inorganic and polymer electrolytes hold great potential for solid‐state lithium metal batteries (SSLMBs) due to their high ionic conductivity and superior mechanical properties. However, their overall performance is severely hindered by several practical challenges, including inorganic component aggregation, poor interface behavior, and limited Li+ transport. Here, a unique ultrathin coating of triaminopropyl triethoxysilane with a bifunctional structure is introduced that effectively bridges the inorganic fillers (Li1+xAlxTi2‐x(PO4)3, LATP) and the polyvinylidene fluoride hexafluoropropylene /polyethylene oxide polymer matrix, thereby enabling high‐performance CSSEs (referred to as SLPH). This design prevents LATP particle agglomeration, improves interfacial compatibility, and ensures the enrichment and fast transport of Li+ within SLPH. Consequently, the SLPH exhibits a low ionic conduction energy barrier (Ea = 0.462 eV), desirable ionic conductivity (4.19 × 10−4 S cm−1 at 60 °C), and a high Li+ transference number ( = 0.694). As a result, SSLMBs with SLPH, including Li| SLPH |Li symmetric cells, LiFePO4| SLPH |Li coin‐type, and pouch cells, demonstrate superior rate capability and long‐time cycling stability. This work underscores the significance of surface functionalization of inorganic electrolytes to create a stable solid‐solid interface and enhance ionic conduction, paving the way for high‐performance CSSEs in SSLMBs.
Design High‐Entropy Core‐Shell Nickel‐Rich Cobalt‐Free Cathode Material Toward High Performance Lithium Batteries
Authors: Zhao Boyang , Sun Xia , Bi Hongwei , Yang Tingzhou , Li Haipeng , Luo Dan , Zhang Yongguang , Chen Zhongwei 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe structural instability of lithium‐based transition metal layered oxides during electrochemical cycling‐exacerbated by phenomena such as metal dissolution and phase transitions‐induces rapid capacity degradation, thus constraining their applicability in high‐energy‐density lithium batteries. While coating these materials can bolster stability, the employment of electrochemically inactive coatings may inadvertently undermine energy storage performance, presenting a significant trade‐off. In response to this challenge, an innovative core‐shell cathode architecture is presented, wherein high entropy doped LiNi1/6Mn1/6Al1/6Ti1/6Mo1/6Ta1/6O2 serves as the shell and nickel‐rich cobalt‐free LiNi0.89Mn0.11O2 constitutes the core, synthesized through a simple two‐step co‐precipitation methodology (designated as LHECNM). This high‐entropy shell preserves the core's electrochemical performance while effectively mitigating phase transformations and transition metal ion dissolution, thereby enhancing structural robustness. Moreover, the core‐shell configuration significantly diminishes the energy barrier for Li+ diffusion, facilitating superior ion transport dynamics. Consequently, LHECNM demonstrates remarkable electrochemical performance, achieving a discharge capacity of 201.57 mAh g−1, a commendable rate capability up to 5C, and an impressive 92% capacity retention over prolonged cycling. This investigation elucidates a promising paradigm for the design of high‐entropy cathode materials, offering profound insights for the advancement of future energy storage technologies.
Fully Passive Electrochemical Oxygen Sensor Enabled With Organic Electrochemical Transistor
Authors: D'Amico Lia Giulia , Zhang Chenhong , Decataldo Francesco , Vurro Vito , Tessarolo Marta , Gualandi Isacco , Mariani Federica , Scavetta Erika , Cramer Tobias , Fraboni Beatrice 
Published: February 2025

AbstractWireless and battery‐free sensor operation is essential for sustainable sensor networks for environmental and health monitoring. Achieving such a fully passive design in electrochemical sensors is challenging due to the need for amplification and control electronics as realized in potentiostats. To address this issue, organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) are introduced as amplified sensors and demonstrate an OECT‐based oxygen sensor that exploits the electrochemical reduction of oxygen, akin to the Clark electrode. To build the sensor, the transistor thin film fabrication protocol is integrated with the deposition of a gas permeable silicone membrane and a hydrogel electrolyte. To assess the sensor's power consumption, a model that links power consumption to the OECT geometry and the material properties of the semiconducting channel is established. This model identifies the optimized OECT design that is compatible with commercial near‐field communication (NFC) microcontrollers. In the optimized design, the interrogating NFC radio signal is sufficient to power the microcontroller, achieve sensor readout, and transmit the digitized sensor current, enabling oxygen monitoring in air or water without wired connections or batteries. These findings provide a first example and quantitative argumentation on exploiting OECTs in low‐power electrochemical sensor architectures.
PRMT5 Maintains Homeostasis of the Intestinal Epithelium by Modulating Cell Proliferation and Survival
Authors: Li Leilei , Zhang Zhe , Wang Xu , Zhao Haiyong , Liu Liansheng , Xiao Yanhui , Hua Shan , Chen Ye‐Guang 
Published: February 2025

AbstractIntestinal homeostasis is sustained by self‐renewal of intestinal stem cells, which continuously divide and produce proliferative transit‐amplifying (TA) and progenitor cells. Protein arginine methyltransferases 5 (PRMT5) plays a crucial role in regulating homeostasis of various mammalian tissues. However, its function in intestinal homeostasis remains elusive. In this study, conditional knockout of Prmt5 in the mouse intestinal epithelium leads to a reduction in stem cell population, suppression of cell proliferation, and increased cell apoptosis within the intestinal crypts, accompanied with shortened gut length, decreased mouse body weight, and eventual animal mortality. Additionally, Prmt5 deletion or its enzymatic inhibition in intestinal organoids in vitro also shows resembling cellular phenotypes. Methylome profiling identifies 90 potential Prmt5 substrates, which are involved in RNA‐related biological processes and cell division. Consistently, Prmt5 depletion in intestinal organoids leads to aberrant alternative splicing in a subset of genes related to the mitotic cell cycle. Furthermore, Prmt5 loss triggers p53‐mediated apoptosis in the intestinal epithelium. Collectively, the findings uncover an indispensable role of PRMT5 in promoting cell proliferation and survival, as well as maintaining stem cells in the gut epithelium.
Chiral Natural Products With anti‐Plasmodium Activity Identified From the East African Flora from 2000 to 2023
Authors: Gachuhi Samuel , Souaibou Yaouba , Ngodwana Lonwabo , Taleli Lebusetsa 
Published: February 2025

For more than half a century, significant strides have been taken to reduce the incidence of malaria, but nearly half of the world's population is still at risk of malaria infection. Development of parasite resistance to antimalarial drugs remains a medical challenge that requires identification and development of novel druglike anti‐plasmodial leads that are active against drug resistant parasites. The benefits of chiral natural product (NPs) as anti‐Plasmodium drugs can be traced back to Quinine. To date, the importance of stereogenic center in drug discovery continues to influence clinical pharmacology of various clinical candidates. This review retrospectively examines chiral natural product anti‐Plasmodium agents from the East African flora published between year 2000 and 2023. The intention is to identify promising leads that could be ideal starting points for development of the next generation of antimalarial drugs.
Synthesis of Optically Active Tolane‐Stacked Molecules Based on Planar Chiral [2.2]Paracyclophanes
Authors: Yukimoto Shun , Inoue Ryo , Ito Takuma , Morisaki Yasuhiro 
Published: February 2025

AbstractIn this study, optically active compounds were synthesized by stacking diarylacetylenes with two benzene rings and an ethynylene (tolane derivatives) using planar chiral [2.2]paracyclophanes. The compounds with carboxy groups formed one‐dimensional zig‐zag structures through hydrogen bonds in the crystals, with three hydrogen‐bonded chains bundled to construct a one‐handed triple helix. All compounds prepared in this study exhibited circularly polarized luminescence properties with good anisotropy factors.
Assisted Solubilization Strategy in Spiro‐OMeTAD for Thermally and Mechanically Stable Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Wang Xueying , Zhong Yang , Liu Yikun , Luo Xiao , Gao Binlou , Tan Licheng , Chen Yiwang 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe ions migration and de‐doping reactions caused by conventional doping seriously jeopardizes the thermal stability of perovskite solar cells (PVSCs) based on spiro‐OMeTAD as hole transport layer (HTL), which poses a significant challenge for subsequent commercialization. To address these issues, a novel assisted solubilization strategy has been firstly developed using deep eutectic solvent (DES) synthesized from N‐(cyanomethyl)acetamide (NCMA) and lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI). NCMA can form multiple strong interaction modes with LiTFSI through N−H⋅⋅⋅O hydrogen bonding and Li−O/Li−N coordination, which effectively inhibits Li+ ions migration at high temperature and increases solubility of LiTFSI in chlorobenzene without acetonitrile and 4‐tert‐butylpyridine (tBP), fundamentally solving de‐doping reaction. In addition, the molecular network with abundant functional groups in DES improves fracture energy of perovskite/spiro‐OMeTAD interface and enhances interfacial adhesion via strong chelation with perovskite and Ag electrode. Consequently, benefiting from tBP removement and inhibited ions migration, the optimized PVSCs achieve a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 25.02 %, and the unencapsulated device retains over 90 % of initial PCE at 85 °C, 40 % RH for 1200 h (ISOS‐D‐2 standard). This innovative assisted solubilization strategy represents a critical step toward improving device stability and accelerating the commercialization of PVSCs.
Functionalization of [C60]‐Fullerene: A Recent Update
Authors: Daniel Geoffrey Bellson , Nachimuthu Kiruthika , Nallasivam Jothi Lakshmi 
Published: February 2025

AbstractFunctionalization of fullerene has garnered great attention owing to its unique structural, electronic, and photophysical properties. The distinctive properties of fullerene derivatives make them a multifaceted candidate for application in photochemical, biological, nanomaterial, and photophysical studies. The radical scavenging properties of fullerene owe them an important role in reactive oxygen species (ROS) capturing applications. The organic photovoltaic cells are fabricated utilizing functionalized fullerenes due to its electron‐accepting properties. The increased prominence of functionalization led to different innovative methodologies to bloom. The present review focuses on various synthetic strategies were adopted for [C60]‐annulation reactions to accomplish carbo‐ and heterocycles fused fullerenes from early 2014 to till date.