bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
INTELLIGENT PRODUCTION PLANNING AND OPTIMISATION TOOL FOR GAS PROCESSING COMPLEX
Authors: Mohd Khairil Hing Azleen Azna , Hussein Noorhidayah , Hashim Hasnor Hassaruddin 
Published: February 2024

Structured production planning is very important to achieve good financial performance in the oil and gas industry. This is especially crucial in an integrated oil and gas supply chain which encompasses feed gas supply, gas processing plants, and petrochemical plants. In the current offshore production climate, the nature of feed gas qualities has evolved. Gas from offshore fields has progressed from having minimal to much higher CO2 content, exceeding the CO2 limits of existing gas processing plants. It is generally impossible to curtail productions from high CO2 gas fields, leading to a loss of revenue. Optimised blending of the feed gas sources is therefore vital to adjust to this changing environment. An intelligent production planning tool was designed to meet the multiple objectives of a gas plant and optimise production. The sales gas demand must first be met based on available feed gas supply and individual plant availability and reliability. Economic factors such as maximising profit from by-products were also factored in by ranking the loading of each processing plant and prioritising plants with higher recovery. Planning strategies were also tailored to each plant’s unique operational limits and turndowns, modes, and challenges. Combining these complex objectives and constraints into a powerful optimisation tool allows a new level of connected intelligence in the production planning of the gas processing complex. The innovative optimisation tool was officially released in 2019 and is currently utilised by production planners in different modes: long-term (5-year duration), medium-term (90 days), and daily operational planning. The planning tool was also designed to be digital-ready and equipped with much improved automation and robustness to embrace the digital transformation agenda. These optimised workflows would improve efficiency and ultimately result in better production planning and decision-making by plant personnel.
Keywords: Production planning
The association between urbanization and adolescent depression in China
Authors: Pan Degong , Yan Ning , Pu Lining , He Xiaoxue , Wang Huihui , Zhang Xue , Shi Xiaojuan , Wen Jing , Li Jiangping 
Published: February 2024

Background
With the rapid urbanization in many countries, more attention is being paid to the relationship between urbanization and mental health, especially depression. However, in countries with rapid urbanization, few empirical studies exist on the relationship between urbanization and adolescent depression.

Methods
Nationally representative survey data from the China Family Panel Studies in 2012, 2016 and 2018 were used. Data of 1,588 adolescents were obtained from 25 provinces. Depression was measured using the Center for Epidemiology Studies of Depression 20-item score. The urbanization rate was obtained from the National Bureau of Statistics of China. The generalized estimating equation was used to estimate the statistical relationship.

Results
The participants’ mean age at baseline was 15 years, and 51.2% (813/1,588) of participants were male. After adjusting for all covariates (gender, age, ethnicity, level of education, marital status, urban/rural areas, body mass index, self-rated health, academic pressure, smoking, drinking and exercise), the rate of urbanization was monotonically and negatively associated with adolescent depression (odds ratio 0.34, 95% CI [0.14–0.79]). Compared with female adolescents, male adolescents had a lower risk of depression (odds ratio 0.80, 95% CI [0.67–0.97]).

Conclusion
In the context of China, urbanization has a positive effect on the mental health of adolescents. Female adolescents are more likely to experience depression than male adolescents.
Color components determination and full-length comparative transcriptomic analyses reveal the potential mechanism of carotenoid synthesis during Paphiopedilum armeniacum flowering
Authors: Bai Yiwei , Ma Jiping , Ma Yanjun , Chang Yanting , Zhang Wenbo , Deng Yayun , Zhang Na , Zhang Xue , Fan Keke , Hu Xiaomeng , Wang Shuhua , Jiang Zehui , Hu Tao 
Published: February 2024

Background
Paphiopedilum armeniacum (P. armeniacum), an ornamental plant native to China, is known for its distinctive yellow blossoms. However, the mechanisms underlying P. armeniacum flower coloration remain unclear.

Methods
We selected P. armeniacum samples from different flowering stages and conducted rigorous physicochemical analyses. The specimens were differentiated based on their chemical properties, specifically their solubilities in polar solvents. This key step enabled us to identify the main metabolite of flower color development of P. armeniacum, and to complete the identification by High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) based on the results. Additionally, we employed a combined approach, integrating both third-generation full-length transcriptome sequencing and second-generation high-throughput transcriptome sequencing, to comprehensively explore the molecular components involved.

Results
We combined physical and chemical analysis with transcriptome sequencing to reveal that carotenoid is the main pigment of P. armeniacum flower color. Extraction colorimetric method and HPLC were used to explore the characteristics of carotenoid accumulation during flowering. We identified 28 differentially expressed carotenoid biosynthesis genes throughout the flowering process, validated their expression through fluorescence quantification, and discovered 19 potential positive regulators involved in carotenoid synthesis. Among these candidates, three RCP2 genes showed a strong potential for governing the PDS and ZDS gene families. In summary, our study elucidates the fundamental mechanisms governing carotenoid synthesis during P. armeniacum flowering, enhancing our understanding of this process and providing a foundation for future research on the molecular mechanisms driving P. armeniacum flowering.
The Use of Immersion Oil in Parasitology Light Microscopic Examination
Authors: Siagian Forman Erwin 
Published: February 2024

Aims: to briefly review the history of application of immersion oil and specifically in some Parasitology Microscopic examination.
Discussion: One way of increasing the optical resolving power of the microscope is to use immersion liquids between the front lens of the objective and the cover slip. The application of immersion oil in microscopic examination began in the mid-17th century. The principle of immersion oil in microscopic examination is to improve the resolution and clarity of the image by reducing the refractive index mismatch between the specimen and the objective lens. In the context of micro-sized parasitic agent, adding this oil will greatly enhanced visualization and in turn will have a direct impact on improving the characteristic morphological image/appearance, thereby enabling observers to optimize microscopic assessment for parasitological examination. Protozoan parasites such as Plasmodium spp, Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia lamblia, Microsporidia spp., Trichomonas vaginalis, Toxoplasma spp, Trypanosoma spp, Babesia spp, Leishmania spp, Cyclospora cayetanensis, and Blastocystis hominis are some examples of parasitic organisms that should be viewed at great magnification to see detailed morphology; and for that it means you need to add immersion oil.
Conclusion: The addition of immersion oil in Paarasitology microscopic examination is surely improve optical resolution and clarity of the image and positively support Parasitologist to make correct diagnosis.
Surface‐binding autoantibodies to cerebellar neurons in opsoclonus syndrome
Authors: Blaes Franz , Fühlhuber Verena , Korfei Martina , Tschernatsch Marlene , Behnisch Wolfgang , Rostasy Kevin , Hero Barbara , Kaps Manfred , Preissner Klaus T. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractChildhood opsoclonus‐myoclonus syndrome can occur with or without associated neuroblastoma. An autoimmune pathogenesis has been discussed for both forms. We show here that the majority of children with opsoclonus‐myoclonus syndrome (10/14) have autoantibodies binding to the surface of isolated rat cerebellar granular neurons. In some patients, these antibodies are masked by IgG binding to ubiquitous surface antigens, which could be removed by preincubation with the nonneuronal control cell line HEK 293. A newly introduced competitive binding assay showed that the surface binding is directed against the same autoantigen in different patients. Therefore, we hypothesize that opsoclonus‐myoclonus syndrome may be the result of an autoimmune process against a neuronal surface protein. Ann Neurol 2005
Role of 1,10‐phenanthroline and ortho phosphoric acid on graft polymerization of vinyl monomers from poly (vinyl alcohol) in the presence of Fenton's reagent
Authors: Chowdhury P. , Ali Md. A. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe effect and role of 1,10‐phenanthroline (o‐phen) and ortho phosphoric acid on graft polymerization of vinyl monomers from poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) in the presence of Fenton's reagent have been studied. Reaction conditions were optimized. Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR) spectra were used for confirmation of grafting. A probable mechanism of grafting to elucidate the role of phenanthroline and phosphoric has been suggested. Thermal properties of the grafted polymer were studied. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 97: 2335–2339, 2005
Tensile properties and stress whitening of polypropylene/polyolefin elastomer/magnesium hydroxide flame retardant composites for cable insulating application
Authors: Hong Chae Hwan , Lee Yong Bum , Bae Jin Woo , Jho Jae Young , Uk Nam Byeong , Chang Do‐Hoon , Yoon Seoung‐Hoon , Lee Kun‐Joo 
Published: June 2005

AbstractFlame retardant polypropylene (PP) composites were prepared by combining random polypropylene with uncoated and surface‐treated forms of magnesium hydroxide filler and elastomeric modifiers, with and without maleic anhydride functionalization. Four types of magnesium hydroxide (MDH) with different surface treatments were compounded at amounts up to 60% by weight to PP/polyolefin elastomer (POE) matrix resin to obtain a series of composites. The tensile strength and elongation at break were measured. MDH coated with polymeric material was found to give a high elongation at break value compared with the values obtained with uncoated and vinyl silane and amino silane coated MDH. Two types of POE, i.e., neat and maleic anhydride grafted POE (POEgMA), were used to investigate the stress whitening of composites in bending deformation. POEgMA used composites showed no stress whitening while neat POE used composites showed whitening when bended. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 97: 2311–2318, 2005
Epoxy‐silica nanocomposites: Preparation, experimental characterization, and modeling
Authors: Bondioli Federica , Cannillo Valeria , Fabbri Elena , Messori Massimo 
Published: June 2005

AbstractSilica nanoparticles having different sizes were obtained by the sol‐gel process and characterized. The prepared nanoparticles were subsequently used as reinforcing fillers to prepare epoxy‐based composites with a silica content ranging from 1 to 5 wt %. SEM analysis and tensile tests carried out on the silica‐epoxy nanocomposites indicated the absence of particle aggregation and a reinforcing effect in terms of increased elastic modulus. Mechanical properties were also modeled by using a finite element code able to construct a numerical model from a microstructural image of the material. A more reliable model was prepared by considering the presence of an interphase layer surrounding the particles with intermediate elastic properties between the epoxy and the inclusions and a characteristic size proportional to the particle radius. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 97: 2382–2386, 2005
Glass‐transition temperature based on dynamic mechanical thermal analysis techniques as an indicator of the adhesive performance of vinyl ester resin
Authors: Herzog Benjamin , Gardner Douglas J. , Lopez‐Anido Roberto , Goodell Barry 
Published: June 2005

AbstractVinyl ester resins are being used extensively as matrices in fiber‐reinforced polymer composite materials, but their use as a structural adhesive has been limited. Initial studies investigating the durability of a vinyl ester as a wood adhesive showed unsatisfactory performance in comparison with other adhesives. In this work, the glass‐transition temperatures (Tg's) of a vinyl ester and a E‐glass/vinyl ester composite material, fabricated by the Composites Pressure Resin Infusion System, were determined with dynamic mechanical thermal analysis. The results indicated that the resin cured under ambient conditions had a much lower Tg (∼60°C) than the postcured material (∼107°C). This suggested undercuring, that is, incomplete crosslinking, of the resin when it was cured at room temperature. E‐glass/vinyl ester samples, however, showed virtually no difference in Tg between room‐temperature‐cured and postcured samples. The exact reasons for this are not currently known but are thought to be both mechanical and chemical in nature. On the basis of the findings presented in this article, it can be concluded that if this vinyl ester resin is to be used as a structural adhesive, postcuring or formulation to ensure a high degree of crosslinking under ambient conditions is necessary. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 97: 2221–2229, 2005
Synthesis and mesomorphic properties of side‐chain cholesteric liquid‐crystalline polysiloxanes
Authors: Zheng Ying‐Ying , Li Qian‐Yue , Zhang Bao‐Yan , Zhang Li‐Feng 
Published: June 2005

AbstractA series of new side‐chain cholesteric liquid‐crystalline polysiloxanes was synthesized by grafting copolymerization. The chemical structures of the obtained monomers and polymers were confirmed by Fourier transform infrared or 1H‐NMR spectroscopy. The mesomorphic properties were investigated with differential scanning calorimetry, polarizing optical microscopy, and X‐ray diffraction measurements. The influence of the content of cholesteryl 4‐allyloxybenzoate on the phase behavior of the polymers was examined. The monomer 4‐(undec‐10‐en‐1‐yloxy)‐4′‐(4‐ethoxybenzoyloxy)biphenyl showed nematic and smectic (A, C, and B) phases upon cooling, and cholesteryl 4‐allyloxybenzoate revealed an enantiotropic cholesteric phase. One polymer showed a nematic schlieren texture, other polymers showed cholesteric Grandjean and oily‐streak textures, and another polymer showed a smectic fan‐shaped texture. The experimental results demonstrated that the glass‐transition temperature and clearing temperature decreased first and then increased with an increasing content of cholesteryl 4‐allyloxybenzoate. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 97: 2392–2398, 2005
Coefficient of friction reduction of ethylene‐co‐acrylic acid film: Effects of grafted 12‐aminododecanamide and solvent exposure
Authors: Luo Ning , Janorkar Amol V. , Hirt Douglas E. , Husson Scott M. , Schwark Dwight W. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe effect of covalently bound 12‐aminododecanamide on the surface coefficient of friction (COF) of ethylene–acrylic acid copolymer (EAA) films was investigated. The reaction involved grafting 12‐aminododecanoic acid to the inherent carboxylic acid groups on the film, followed by amidation of the grafted amino acid. Conversion of film carboxylic acid groups to primary amide groups was also conducted to compare the impact of direct surface amidation. Subsequent measurements showed that both surface amidation schemes reduced the kinetic COF from 0.30 to 0.15 ∼ 0.18. Repetitive COF testing revealed that amide‐modified EAA films maintained low COF values that were independent of the number of COF test runs. However, control experiments showed that COF values also depended greatly on simply exposing film to the various reaction solvents, which increased surface roughness. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 97: 2242–2248, 2005
Characterization of polyamideamine‐epichlorohydrin (PAE) resin: Roles of azetidinium groups and molecular mass of PAE in wet strength development of paper prepared with PAE
Authors: Obokata Takao , Yanagisawa Masahiro , Isogai Akira 
Published: June 2005

AbstractPolyamideamine‐epichlorohydrin (PAE) resin is a crosslinked heteropolymer having cationic charges, and has been widely used as a wet strength agent of paper in the papermaking process. In this study, more accurate molecular mass values of PAE were determined by size exclusion chromatography attached with a multi angle laser light scattering detector (SEC‐MALS). The obtained weight average molecular mass (Mw) values of commercial and laboratory‐made PAE samples were 1,140,000 and 494,000, respectively, and these values were much higher than those reported so far. SEC‐MALS analysis also revealed that PAE molecules had highly crosslinked structures and extremely wide molecular mass distributions. Molecular mass values and content of 3‐hydroxy‐azetidinium (AZR) groups in PAE and PAE intermediates during the course of PAE synthesis were also determined by the SEC‐MALS and 1H NMR methods, and the relationships between these values and the wet strength development of handsheets prepared with these PAE samples were studied. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 97: 2249–2255, 2005
Modification of novolac resin by interpenetrating network formation with poly(butyl acrylate)
Authors: Goswami S. , Nad S. , Chakrabarty D. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractInterpenetrating networks (IPNs) of novolac (phenol formaldehyde) resin and poly(butyl acrylate) (PBA) were prepared by a sequential mode of polymerization. Both full IPNs and semi‐IPNs of different compositions were synthesized and characterized with respect to their mechanical properties, that is, their modulus, ultimate tensile strength (UTS), elongation‐at‐break percentage, and toughness. Their thermal properties were examined with differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). A morphological study was performed with an optical microscope. The effects of the variation of the blend ratios on the aforementioned properties were studied. There was a gradual decrease in the modulus and UTS with a simultaneous increase in the elongation‐at‐break percentage and toughness for both types of IPNs as the proportions of PBA were increased. With increasing proportions of PBA, the glass‐transition temperatures of the different IPNs underwent shifts toward a lower temperature region. This showed a plasticizing influence of PBA on the rigid and brittle phenolic matrix. TGA thermograms depicted the classical two‐step degradation for the phenolic resin. Although there was an apparent increase in the thermal stability at the initial stage (up to 350°C), particularly at lower temperatures, a substantial decrease in the thermal stability was observed at higher temperatures under study. In all the micrographs of full IPNs and semi‐IPNs, two‐phase structures were observed, regardless of the PBA content. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 97: 2407–2417, 2005
Influence of branching characteristics on thermal and mechanical properties of Ziegler–Natta and metallocene hexene linear low‐density polyethylene blends with low‐density polyethylene
Authors: Hussein Ibnelwaleed A. , Hameed Tayyab 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe effect of the branch content (BC) and composition distribution (CD) of linear low‐density polyethylene (LLDPE) on the thermal and mechanical properties of its blends with LDPE were studied. All blends and pure resins were conditioned in a Haake PolyDrive blender at 190°C and in the presence of adequate amounts of antioxidant. Two metallocene LLDPEs (m‐LLDPE) and one Ziegler–Natta (ZN) hexene LLDPE were melt blended with the same LDPE. The effect of the BC was investigated by blending two hexene m‐LLDPEs of similar weight‐average molecular weights and molecular weight distributions but different BCs with the same LDPE. The effect of the CD was studied by using a ZN and an m‐LLDPE with similar weight‐average molecular weights, BCs, and comonomer type. Low‐BC m‐LLDPE blends showed separate crystallization whereas cocrystallization was observed in the high‐BC m‐LLDPE‐rich blends. However, ZN‐LLDPE/LDPE blends showed separate crystallization together with a third population of cocrystals. The influence of the crystallization behavior was reflected in the mechanical properties. The BC influenced the modulus, ultimate tensile strength, and toughness. The addition of a small amount of LDPE to a low‐BC m‐LLDPE resulted in a major improvement in the toughness, whereas the results for the high‐BC pair followed the additivity rule. ZN‐LLDPE blends with LDPE blends were found to be more compatible and exhibited superior mechanical properties compared to m‐LLDPE counterparts with the same weight‐average molecular weight and BC. All mechanical properties of ZN‐LLDPE blends follow the linear rule of mixtures. However, the CD had a stronger influence on the mechanical properties in comparison to the BC. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 97: 2488–2498, 2005
Processing–structure–properties relationships of mechanically and thermally enhanced smectite/epoxy nanocomposites
Authors: Kotsilkova R. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractMechanically reinforced and thermally enhanced smectite/epoxy nanocomposites were synthesized using “direct” (without solvent) and “solvent” processing techniques. The molecular dispersion of smectite clay in the epoxy resin was investigated for its role in the rheology, structure formation, and properties of nanocomposites. The effects of three types of organic modifiers on the dispersion structure were compared. The use of solvent during processing assists in the enhancement of clay exfoliation. Rheology was used as a method to compare the degree of clay delamination in the resin matrix, as well as to estimate the suspension structure. The critical volume fraction (Φ*) and maximal packaging of smectites were determined and used for prediction of the viscosity. The qualitative changes in the nanostructure of suspensions above Φ*, due to flocculation of exfoliated clay layers, were compared with the alteration of the properties of nanocomposites, related to the structure formation and morphology. The curing kinetics were found to depend on both the organic modifier and solvent, but the extent of curing was roughly equivalent for the pure epoxy resin and the nanocomposites. The structure of the nanocomposites, either intercalated or exfoliated, produced by the direct processing technique was controlled by the organic modifier. By using solvent processing, the effect of the solvent dominates that of the organic modifier, presumably leading to exfoliated nanocomposites. The mechanical and thermal properties are strongly enhanced above the Φ* of smectites, and they are significantly dependent on the type of nanocomposite structure and the use of solvent. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 97: 2499–2510, 2005