bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Peptide and Nonpeptide Reactive Oxygen Scavengers Provide Partial Rescue of the Testis After Torsion
Authors: LYSIAK JEFFREY J. , NGUYEN QUOC AN T. , TURNER TERRY T. 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACTIschemia‐reperfusion (IR) of the testis results in germ cell‐specific apoptosis, followed by a reduction in testis weight and daily sperm production (DSP). This has been associated with an increase in the adhesion of neutrophils to testicular subtunical venules and an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS). The present study investigated: 1) the effects of a direct, non‐IR‐related ROS insult to the testis and 2) the effects of catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and a novel nonpeptide mimic of SOD, M40403, on neutrophil recruitment, ROS production, testis weight, and DSP following IR of the rat testis. Results revealed that the infusion of H2O2 increased testicular lipid peroxidation 1 hour after administration and increased germ cell apoptosis within 24 hours of administration. Four hours after the repair of torsion plus vehicle infusion, there was a significant increase in myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, an indicator of neutrophil accumulation, and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), a measure of ROS production, compared to equivalent data in sham‐treated testes. Animals sacrificed 30 days after the torsion plus vehicle infusion revealed a significant decrease in testis weight and DSP compared to the same parameters in sham‐operated animals. The treatment of animals with catalase plus SOD or M40403 showed a significant decrease in MPO activity and TBARS 4 hours after IR of the testis. Animals treated with SOD, SOD plus catalase, and M40403 provided a partial rescue of DSP 30 days after IR of the testis. These results demonstrate that oxidative stress can directly cause germ cell apoptosis, even outside the IR model, and confirm the importance of oxidative stress in testicular IR injury. Also, following testicular IR, there is a recruitment of neutrophils and an increase in ROS production in the testis. The administration of ROS scavengers significantly reduced the IR‐induced responses. Interestingly, the administration of all ROS scavengers also blocked neutrophil recruitment to the testis. The mechanism by which ROS modulates neutrophil adhesion to venules is presently under investigation, as are additional therapeutic regimens to block oxidative stress.
The effect of tyrosol on diclofenac sodium‐induced acute nephrotoxicity in rats
Authors: Çömez Mehmet , Cellat Mustafa , Kuzu Müslüm , Uyar Ahmet , Türk Erdinç , Kaya Yusuf Selim , Etyemez Muhammed , Gökçek İshak , Güvenç Mehmet 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAlthough diclofenac (DCF) is a nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug that is considered safe, its chronic use and overdose may show some toxic effects. The protective effect of tyrosol (Tyr) pretreatment against DCF‐induced renal damage was investigated in this study. The 32 rats used in the study were randomly divided into four groups of eight rats each. According to the data obtained, it was determined that creatinine, urea, and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels increased in serum samples of the DCF group. Besides, the levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity decreased and the malondialdehyde (MDA) level increased in the kidney tissue. However, no change was observed in catalase (CAT) activity. Cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2), nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐κB), and tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (Tnf‐α) levels increased and nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (Nrf‐2) levels decreased. No change was detected in the level of interleukin 1 beta (IL‐1β). When the DCF+Tyr group and the DCF group were compared, it was assessed that Tyr had a curative effect on all biochemical parameters. Also, kidney damages, such as degeneration and necrosis of tubular epithelium and congestion of veins, were obviated by treatment with tyrosol in histopathological examinations. It was determined that Tyr pretreatment provided a protective effect against nephrotoxicity induced by DCF with its anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant properties.
Protecting yourself: Due diligence in mergers and acquisitions
Authors: Conway A. Carr , Rouse Robert W. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPublicComp spent a lot of money to acquire another company. It seemed well worth it, based on financial
reports. But a few weeks later, the CEO learned about some unusual journal entries on the acquired company's
books—and some troubling letters from customers. How could this have been prevented? ©
2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Impact of Adjuvant Radiotherapy in Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Oral Cavity with Perineural Invasion
Authors: Festa Bianca Maria , Costantino Andrea , Pace Gian Marco , Petruzzi Gerardo , Campo Flaminia , Pellini Raul , Spriano Giuseppe , De Virgilio Armando 
Published: November 2023

ObjectiveCurrent guidelines indicate postoperative radiotherapy (PORT) in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) with perineural invasion (PNI), however, its real benefit has never been proven. The aim of our study is to investigate the benefit of PORT in OSCC patients with PNI in terms of survival and disease control.Data SourcesThe Pubmed/MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, and Scopus databases.Review MethodsPatients with PNI + OSCC treated with primary surgery were extracted from the included studies. The pooled logHR was calculated by comparing patients who underwent PORT to those who underwent only observation for overall survival (OS), disease‐specific survival (DSS), disease‐free survival (DFS), and locoregional control (LRC).ResultsAbout 690 patients with primary OSCC and PNI were included from nine studies. 374 (54.2%) patients underwent PORT, while 316 (45.8%) underwent observation. Analyses showed non‐significant difference between the two groups for OS (HR: 1.01; 95% CI: 0.38–2.69), DSS (HR: 2.03; 95% CI: 0.54–7.56), and LRC (HR: 0.89; 95% CI: 0.53–1.50). They showed a significant difference in terms of DFS (HR: 0.86; 95% CI: 0.77–0.97).ConclusionThe real benefit of PORT in OSCC patients with PNI is still unclear, although it may have a positive impact on DFS. Clinicians should consider individual patient's characteristics, tumor factors, and treatment goals when deciding whether to recommend PORT. Further studies are needed to clarify which entity of PNI really benefits from PORT.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 134:2019–2027, 2024
The effects of dissolved organic matter supplements on the metabolism of corals under heat stress
Authors: Lange Kiara , Reynaud Stéphanie , de Goeij Jasper M. , Ferrier‐Pagès Christine 
Published: November 2023

AbstractOctocorals represent a major alternative group in the benthic community of reefs that have diverged from hexacoral dominance. Despite their phototrophic symbionts, supplementing their diet with heterotrophic sources may promote their growth, particularly when compared to hexacorals in bleaching conditions. However, limited comprehensive data exists on octocorals' trophic ecology, especially regarding their ability to feed on dissolved organic matter (DOM), which comprises the largest pool of organic matter in reefs. This study aims to investigate the ability of two octocorals (Sarcophyton glaucum and Lobophytum sp.) to feed on DOM and compare this ability to that of hexacorals, such as Stylophora pistillata and Turbinaria reniformis. The study measured the net fluxes of DOM under varying DOM concentrations and under heat stress. The results demonstrate that all coral species were net producers of DOM at ambient concentrations, but became net consumers once seawater was supplemented with DOM. Furthermore, our study highlights a relationship between coral physiological responses to heat stress and DOM uptake. Corals that increased (S. pistillata) or maintained (S. glaucum and Lobophytum sp.) their DOM uptake rates at high temperature were the most resilient to heat stress. In contrast, T. reniformis exhibited lower DOM uptake rates at high temperatures, which was associated with significant bleaching. Understanding the ability of corals to feed on DOM may, therefore, provide insight into the resilience of species under ocean warming conditions.
Multiconductor transmission lines irradiated by plane wave: An EM‐reciprocity analysis methodology
Authors: Du Wei , Zhang Yin , Liao Cheng , Feng Ju , Zhong Xuanming 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis paper extends previous work on electromagnetic (EM) reciprocity theorem analysis from the single‐conductor to the more general multiconductor transmission line (MTL) case. The focus is on the EM coupling problem of an ideal MTL above a perfectly electrically conducting ground when excited by a plane wave. The proposed methodology addresses mutual coupling effects and mismatched loads in the MTL. The expression for the current along the MTL in the test (radiation) state is derived, considering these factors. A novel calculation method for the induced voltage at the load is then introduced, assuming consistent coupling between different lines in both test and receiving states. Numerical examples validate the proposed EM‐reciprocity method, offering an alternative approach for analyzing the field‐to‐line coupling problem in MTL model.
On the spectrum of the electric field integral equation and the convergence of the moment method
Authors: Warnick Karl F. , Chew Weng Cho 
Published: November 2023

AbstractExisting convergence estimates for numerical scattering methods based on boundary integral equations are asymptotic in the limit of vanishing discretization length, and break down as the electrical size of the problem grows. In order to analyse the efficiency and accuracy of numerical methods for the large scattering problems of interest in computational electromagnetics, we study the spectrum of the electric field integral equation (EFIE) for an infinite, conducting strip for both the TM (weakly singular kernel) and TE polarizations (hypersingular kernel). Due to the self‐coupling of surface wave modes, the condition number of the discretized integral equation increases as the square root of the electrical size of the strip for both polarizations. From the spectrum of the EFIE, the solution error introduced by discretization of the integral equation can also be estimated. Away from the edge singularities of the solution, the error is second order in the discretization length for low‐order bases with exact integration of matrix elements, and is first order if an approximate quadrature rule is employed. Comparison with numerical results demonstrates the validity of these condition number and solution error estimates. The spectral theory offers insights into the behaviour of numerical methods commonly observed in computational electromagnetics. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Improving the accuracy of noninvasive prenatal testing through size‐selection between fetal and maternal cfDNA
Authors: Kwon Hyuk‐Jung , Yun Seonyoung , Joo Joungsu , Park Dabin , Do Woo‐Jung , Lee Sunghoon , Lee Min‐Seob 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjectivesIn general, fetal cfDNA is shorter than maternal cfDNA, and accuracy of noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT) results can be improved by selecting shorter cfDNA fragments to enrich fetal‐derived cfDNA. This study investigated potential improvements in the accuracy of NIPT by performing classification and analysis based on differences in cfDNA size.MethodsWe performed paired‐end sequencing to identify size ranges of fetal and maternal cfDNA from 62,374 pregnant women. We then developed a size‐selection method to isolate and analyze both fetal and maternal cfDNA, defining fetal‐derived cfDNA as less than 150 bp and maternal‐derived cfDNA as greater than 180 bp.ResultsBy implementing size‐selection method, the accuracy of NIPT was improved, resulting in an increase in the overall positive predictive value for all aneuploidies from 89.57% to 97.1%. This was achieved by enriching both fetal and maternal‐derived cfDNA, which increased fetal DNA fraction while the number of false positives for all aneuploidies was reduced by more than 70%.ConclusionsWe identified the differences in read length between fetal and maternal‐derived cfDNA, and selectively enriched both shorter and longer cfDNA fragments for subsequent analysis. Our approach can increase the detection accuracy of NIPT for detecting fetal aneuploidies and reduce the number of false positives caused by maternal chromosomal abnormalities.
Prostaglandin‐E1 infusion in persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn
Authors: Tsoi Stephanie M. , Nawaytou Hythem , Almeneisi Hassan , Steurer Martina , Zhao Yili , Fineman Jeffrey R. , Keller Roberta L. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundNeonates with persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN) can present with hypoxia and right ventricular dysfunction with resultant inadequate oxygen delivery and end‐organ damage. This study describes the use of prostaglandin‐E1 (PGE) for ductal patency to preserve right ventricular systolic function and limit afterload in newborns with PPHN.MethodsThis is a retrospective cohort study that follows the hemodynamics, markers of end‐organ perfusion, length of therapeutics, and echocardiographic variables of 57 newborns who used prostglandin‐E1 in the setting of PPHN.ResultsTachycardia, lactic acidosis, and supplemental oxygen use improved following PGE initiation. Fractional area change (FAC), to assess right ventricular systolic function, and pulmonary arterial acceleration time indexed to right ventricular ejection time (PAAT/RVET), to assess right ventricular afterload, also improved over three time points relative to PGE use (before, during, and after).ConclusionsOverall, we described the safety and utility of PGE in newborns with severe PPHN for stabilization while allowing natural disease progression.
Lung function in preterm infants at 3 months corrected age after neonatal LC‐PUFA supplementation
Authors: Wendel Kristina , Rossholt Madelaine Eloranta , Gunnarsdottir Gunnthorunn , Aas Marlen Fossan , Westvik Åsbjørn Schumacher , Pripp Are Hugo , Carlsen Karin C. Lødrup , Fugelseth Drude , Stiris Tom , Moltu Sissel Jennifer 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo test the hypothesis that long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LC‐PUFA) supplementation improves lung function at 3 months corrected age (CA) compared with standard treatment in very preterm infants. We also aimed to investigate the association between bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), longitudinal growth, and lung function at 3 months CA.MethodsA secondary analysis from the ImNuT trial, in which 121 infants with gestational age <29 weeks were randomized to a daily supplement with arachidonic acid (ARA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (ARA:DHA group) or MCT‐oil (control group) from birth up to 36 weeks postmenstrual age (PMA). Lung function was assessed at 3 months CA by tidal flow volume loops and the outcomes were the ratio of time to peak tidal expiratory flow to expiratory time (tPTEF/tE) and tidal volume (VT) per body weight (mL/kg).ResultsThirty‐nine infants in the ARA:DHA group versus 51 in the control group had a successful lung function test. There was no mean difference (MD) in tPTEF/tE ratio (MD: 0.01, 95% confidence interval [CI]: −0.04 to 0.05; p = .77) or VT (MD: 0.09 mL/kg, 95% CI: –0.79 to 0.62; p = .81) between the study groups. The multivariable regression model showed that BPD was associated with tPTEF/tE ratio ≤ 0.25 (p = .03) and that an increase in z score for length after 36 weeks PMA correlated positively with VT (mL/kg) (p = .03).ConclusionNeonatal LC‐PUFA supplementation did not improve lung function at 3 months CA in very preterm infants. BPD was independently associated with reduced lung function, while improved linear growth correlated with higher tidal volumes.
Two string theory flavours of generalised Eisenstein series
Authors: Dorigoni Daniele , Treilis Rudolfs 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Generalised Eisenstein series are non-holomorphic modular invariant functions of a complex variable, τ, subject to a particular inhomogeneous Laplace eigenvalue equation on the hyperbolic upper-half τ-plane. Two infinite classes of such functions arise quite naturally within different string theory contexts. A first class can be found by studying the coefficients of the effective action for the low-energy expansion of type IIB superstring theory, and relatedly in the analysis of certain integrated four-point functions of stress tensor multiplet operators in $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory. A second class of such objects is known to contain all two-loop modular graph functions, which are fundamental building blocks in the low-energy expansion of closed-string scattering amplitudes at genus one. In this work, we present a Poincaré series approach that unifies both classes of generalised Eisenstein series and manifests certain algebraic and differential relations amongst them. We then combine this technique with spectral methods for automorphic forms to find general and non-perturbative expansions at the cusp τ → i∞. Finally, we find intriguing connections between the asymptotic expansion of these modular functions as τ → 0 and the non-trivial zeros of the Riemann zeta function.
Resolvability and Convexity Properties in the Sierpiński Product of Graphs
Authors: Henning Michael A. , Klavžar Sandi , Yero Ismael G. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractLetGandHbe graphs and let$$f :V(G)\rightarrow V(H)$$f:V(G)→V(H)be a function. The Sierpiński product ofGandHwith respect tof, denoted by$$G \otimes _f H$$G⊗fH, is defined as the graph on the vertex set$$V(G)\times V(H)$$V(G)×V(H), consisting of |V(G)| copies ofH; for every edge$$gg'$$gg′ofGthere is an edge between copiesgHand$$g'H$$g′HofHassociated with the verticesgand$$g'$$g′ofG, respectively, of the form$$(g,f(g'))(g',f(g))$$(g,f(g′))(g′,f(g)). The Sierpiński metric dimension and the upper Sierpiński metric dimension of two graphs are determined. Closed formulas are determined for Sierpiński products of trees, and for Sierpiński products of two cycles where the second factor is a triangle. We also prove that the layers with respect to the second factor in a Sierpiński product graph are convex.
Molecular basis of retinal remodeling in a zebrafish model of retinitis pigmentosa
Authors: Santhanam Abirami , Shihabeddin Eyad , Wei Haichao , Wu Jiaqian , O’Brien John 
Published: November 2023

AbstractA hallmark of inherited retinal degenerative diseases such as retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is progressive structural and functional remodeling of the remaining retinal cells as photoreceptors degenerate. Extensive remodeling of the retina stands as a barrier for the successful implementation of strategies to restore vision. To understand the molecular basis of remodeling, we performed analyses of single-cell transcriptome data from adult zebrafish retina of wild type AB strain (WT) and a P23H mutant rhodopsin transgenic model of RP with continuous degeneration and regeneration. Retinas from both female and male fish were pooled to generate each library, combining data from both sexes. We provide a benchmark atlas of retinal cell type transcriptomes in zebrafish and insight into how each retinal cell type is affected in the P23H model. Oxidative stress is found throughout the retina, with increases in reliance on oxidative metabolism and glycolysis in the affected rods as well as cones, bipolar cells, and retinal ganglion cells. There is also transcriptional evidence for widespread synaptic remodeling and enhancement of glutamatergic transmission in the inner retina. Notably, changes in circadian rhythm regulation are detected in cones, bipolar cells, and retinal pigmented epithelium. We also identify the transcriptomic signatures of retinal progenitor cells and newly formed rods essential for the regenerative process. This comprehensive transcriptomic analysis provides a molecular road map to understand how the retina remodels in the context of chronic retinal degeneration with ongoing regeneration.
Vision and hearing problems and psychosocial outcomes: longitudinal evidence from the German Ageing Survey
Authors: Hajek André , Gyasi Razak M. , Kretzler Benedikt , König Hans-Helmut 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPurposeTo examine whether changes in vision and hearing problems are associated with changes in psychosocial outcomes (in terms of depressive symptoms, loneliness, and perceived social isolation).MethodsWe used longitudinal data from the nationally representative German Ageing Survey, which covers individuals aged 43 years and over (wave 6 and wave 7, with 7108 observations and mean age of 67.5 years, SD 10.2 years). The 6-item De Jong Gierveld tool was used to quantify loneliness, the Bude and Lantermann tool was used to quantify perceived social isolation, and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (15-item version) was used to quantify depressive symptoms. Self-rated problems reading the newspaper due to vision problems and self-rated difficulties recognizing known people on the street due to vision problems were used to quantify vision problems. In addition, self-rated hearing problems on the telephone and self-rated hearing problems in groups of more than four people were used to quantify hearing problems.ResultsAdjusting for various confounders, longitudinal regressions showed that the onset of major vision problems referring to difficulties recognizing people one knows on the street was associated with increases in loneliness (β = 0.17,p < .01) and depressive symptoms (β = 1.90,p < 0.05). Moreover, the onset of some vision problems referring to difficulties reading the newspaper was associated with increases in perceived social isolation (β = 0.06,p < 0.01). Additionally, the onset of some hearing problems in groups of more than four people was associated with increases in depressive symptoms (β = 0.43,p < 0.05).ConclusionOur longitudinal study showed that vision and hearing problems can contribute differently to psychosocial factors. Delaying sensory impairment may result in favorable psychosocial factors in later life.
Isotopic measurements of carbon dioxide: the role of measurement science and standards
Authors: Meija Juris 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIsotopic measurements provide valuable information about the origin of greenhouse gases — as carbon dioxide levels increase, there is a corresponding shift towards lighter isotopic composition similar to that of fossil fuels. Detecting such isotopic shifts, however, requires extremely precise measurements, which must also be globally reproducible in order to make reliable policy decisions. This feature article outlines the collective search for the ideal standard for carbon isotope measurements since the 1950s. This tragicomedy of errors, if you wish, has strengthened the reliability of today’s measurements and has taken us from fictional oceans, to toilet seat marbles, and complex mathematical conventions that separate data from reliable results.