bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implementing a resilience‐based management system in Mongolia's rangelands
Authors: Dashbal Burmaa , Bestelmeyer Brandon T. , Densambuu Bulgamaa , Ulambayar Budbaatar , Sainnemekh Sumjidmaa , Van Zee Justin , Williamson Jeb , Battur Ankhtsetseg , Tseelei Enkh‐Amgalan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractA primary challenge in advancing sustainability in rangelands and drylands is the lack of governance systems that are linked to information about highly variable ecosystem conditions. Here, we describe the national‐scale implementation of a resilience‐based management system in the rangelands of Mongolia. The system comprises several interacting elements. Land type‐specific information about rangeland conditions was captured in vegetation state‐and‐transition models (STMs) that allow interpretation of monitoring data and locally tailored restoration recommendations. Rangeland monitoring systems based on standardized protocols were developed and have been adopted by national government agencies, which provide annual, high‐quality data on rangeland conditions on which to base and adjust management decisions. Rangeland use agreements between local governments and herders' collective organizations, called Pasture Users' Groups, define their respective rights and responsibilities and introduce economic and policy incentives for management changes. Pasture Users' Groups also provide a platform for information sharing and collective action. Rangeland condition data and other indicators are linked to the Responsible Nomads product traceability system that provides consumers and industry a means to associate products with sustainable rangeland management practices. The collaboration between national agencies, international donors, scientists, and herders has been essential to initial success, but longer term support and monitoring will be needed to assess whether the adoption of resilience‐based management leads to positive social and ecological outcomes. We draw generalizations and lessons learned from this effort, which can lead to the successful implementation of new management systems across global rangelands.
Proactive use of intensive aversive conditioning increases probability of retreat by coyotes
Authors: Lajeunesse Gabrielle , Smith Eric W. , Harshaw Howard W. , St. Clair Colleen Cassady 
Published: October 2023

AbstractCoyotes (Canis latrans) are showing increasingly bold behaviors toward people and their pets throughout North America. Bold behavior by wildlife might be reduced by hazing and aversive conditioning, which is recommended in many management plans for coyotes, but with little information about how it is to be conducted, and few studies have tested this approach. We conducted an online search for coyote management plans across North America to review techniques and recommendations related to the implementation of hazing or aversive conditioning and reported on the implementation of a high‐intensity aversive conditioning program in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. Almost all the management plans recommended hazing coyotes, most often by using a combination of noises, lights, and movements, but only 20% of 71 plans recommended high‐intensity techniques like those used by the contractors in Calgary. Contractors there searched for coyotes in 72 public park areas where members of the public had submitted reports to a civic call center for bold coyotes, attended sites on 1917 occasions, observed coyotes on 765 occasions, and reported coyote treatments and responses on 734 occasions. The probability of coyote retreats increased by 29%–37% with each additional previous aversive conditioning event at the site and doubled with the presence of dogs and with the application of projected chalk balls prior to the event being investigated, suggesting coyotes learned to avoid contractors. During engagements with contractors, coyote retreat probability declined by 21%–25% with each additional day since the last aversive conditioning engagement, and by 97.2%–97.6% with the presence of dogs and when shots were fired from a paintball gun, presumably because these tools were used only on the boldest coyotes. We found no effect of the presence or past number of aversive conditioning events on the number of coyote reports per week by the public. Although such high‐intensity aversive conditioning is rarely recommended in management plans, our results suggest that its repeated application can reduce coyote boldness over time, but coyotes may not generalize this response to other people owing to visual cues (e.g., high‐visibility vests, consistent vehicles) associated with contractors.
Increased risk of poor clinical outcome in COVID‐19 patients with diabetes mellitus and in‐hospital mortality predictors: A retrospective cohort from a tertiary hospital in Indonesia
Authors: Mokoagow Md Ikhsan , Harbuwono Dante Saksono , Kshanti Ida Ayu , Rumende C. Martin , Subekti Imam , Harimurti Kuntjoro , Chen Khie , Shatri Hamzah 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAimTo determine association between diabetes in confirmed cases of COVID‐19 and intensive care admission and in‐hospital mortality, evaluate several laboratory parameters as mortality predictor and develop predictors of in‐hospital mortality among diabetics with COVID‐19.MethodsThis retrospective cohort recruited all cases of COVID‐19 hospitalized in Fatmawati General Hospital from March to October 2020. Inclusion criterion was RT‐PCR confirmed cases of COVID‐19 who aged 18 years and older while exclusion criteria were incomplete medical record or cannot be found and pregnant women.ResultsWe enrolled 506 participants to this study with median age of 51 years (IQR:22), female (56.32%), and diabetes (28.46%). Diabetes increased intensive care admission (adjusted OR: 2.57; 95% CI: 3.52–10.43) and in‐hospital mortality (adjusted OR: 2.50; 95% CI: 1.61–3.89). In predicting in‐hospital mortality, ferritin and lactate dehydrogenase offered an acceptable discrimination, AUC: 0.71 (95% CI: 0.62–0.79) and AUC: 0.70 (95% CI: 0.61–0.78), respectively. The optimal cut‐off of predicting mortality for ferritin was 786 g/mL and for LDH was 514.94 u/L. Factors include age above 70 years old, RBGs level on admission above 250 mg/dL or below 140 mg/dL, ferritin level above 786 ng/mL and presence of ARDS increased the odds of mortality among individuals with diabetes.ConclusionsDiabetes increases risk intensive care admission and in hospital mortality in COVID‐19. Multivariate analysis showed that older age, RBG on admission, high ferritin level, presence of ARDS increased the odds of mortality among individuals with diabetes.
Prevalence and factors associated with carotid atherosclerosis in a Malagasy population with Type 2 diabetes mellitus: A cross‐sectional retrospective study
Authors: Raharinavalona Sitraka Angelo , Miandrisoa Rija Mikhaël , Raherison Rija Eric , Razanamparany Thierry , Andrianasolo Radonirina Lazasoa , Rakotomalala Andrianirina Dave Patrick 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAimOur study aims to determine the prevalence and factors associated with carotid atherosclerosis in Malagasy Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional retrospective study, carried out over a period of 30 months. The diagnosis of carotid atherosclerosis is established by the presence of a carotid plaque increased carotid intima‐media thickness ≥1.1 mm on Doppler ultrasound.ResultsWe included 132 T2DM. The prevalence of carotid atherosclerosis was 63.6% (38.6% carotid plaque and 25% intima‐media thickening). After univariate analysis, the factors associated with carotid atherosclerosis were age ≥70 years (3.28 [1.18–10, 62]), previous intake of oral antidiabetics (0.33 [0.14–0.73]), insulin (0.28 [0.11–0.66]) and angiotensin receptor blocker (0.45 [0.20–0.98]), and current smoking (5.93 [1.64–32.6]). After adjustment for age and gender, previous intake of oral antidiabetics (0.29 [0.13–0.64]), insulin (0.27 [0.12–0.61]) and angiotensin receptor blocker (0.40 [0.19–0.86]), and current smoking (5.98 [1.61–22.1]) were associated with carotid atherosclerosis.ConclusionSmoking cessation, education on therapeutic compliance and comprehensive management of all cardiovascular risk factors and T2DM are therefore essential in order to reduce the occurrence of carotid atherosclerosis.
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, red cell distribution width, and sacubitril/valsartan
Authors: Butt Jawad H. , McDowell Kirsty , Kondo Toru , Desai Akshay S. , Lefkowitz Martin P. , Packer Milton , Petrie Mark C. , Pfeffer Marc A. , Rouleau Jean L. , Vaduganathan Muthiah , Zile Michael R. , Jhund Pardeep S. , Køber Lars , Solomon Scott , McMurray John J.V. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAimsRed cell distribution width (RDW) is a strong prognostic marker in patients with heart failure (HF) and reduced ejection fraction and other conditions. However, very little is known about its prognostic significance in HF with preserved ejection fraction. We examined the relationship between RDW and outcomes and the effect of sacubitril/valsartan, compared with valsartan, on RDW and clinical outcomes in PARAGON‐HF.Methods and resultsPARAGON‐HF enrolled patients with a left ventricular ejection fraction of ≥45%, structural heart disease, and elevated N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP). The primary endpoint was a composite of total HF hospitalizations and cardiovascular deaths. Median RDW at randomization was 14.1% (interquartile range 13.5–15.0%). Patients with higher RDW levels were more often men and had more comorbidity, a higher heart rate and NT‐proBNP concentration, more advanced New York Heart Association class, and worse Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire scores. There was a graded relationship between quartiles of RDW at randomization and the primary endpoint, with a significantly higher risk associated with increasing RDW, even after adjustment for NT‐proBNP and other prognostic variables {Quartile 1, reference; Quartile 2, rate ratio 1.03 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.83 to 1.28]; Quartile 3, 1.25 [1.01 to 1.54]; Quartile 4, 1.70 [1.39 to 2.08]}. This association was seen for each of the secondary outcomes, including cardiovascular and all‐cause death. Compared with valsartan, sacubitril/valsartan reduced RDW at 48 weeks [mean change −0.09 (95% CI −0.15 to −0.02)]. The effect of sacubitril/valsartan vs. valsartan was not significantly modified by RDW levels at randomization.ConclusionsRDW, a routinely available and inexpensive biomarker, provides incremental prognostic information when added to established predictors. Compared with valsartan, sacubitril/valsartan led to a small reduction in RDW.
Exhaustive Reduction of Esters, Carboxylic Acids and Carbamates to Methyl Groups Catalyzed by Boronic Acids
Authors: Guo Xuewen , Zuo Yujing , Alvarez Gustavo A. , Mejía Esteban 
Published: October 2023

AbstractCarboxy to methyl reduction is an important transformation in organic synthesis, yet existing methodologies often require multi‐step procedures or use hazardous metal hydrides. Herein, a metal‐free catalytic system is reported for the one‐step reduction of esters, carboxylic acids, and carbamates to a methyl group, in the presence of catalytic amounts of boronic acids. By using ammonia borane as a hydrogen donor, a wide range of products bearing different functional groups can be obtained in high yields under relatively mild conditions. Mechanistic studies and control experiments elucidate the complexity of the mechanism and provide an explanation for the observed selectivity.
Unified multi‐objective optimization for regional power systems with unequal distribution of renewable energy generation and load
Authors: Zhao Long , Meng Xiangfei , Yang Lichao , Wei Jia 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe optimization for large‐scale power systems with unequal renewable energy distribution is an important and urgent task to collaborate operations of the participated sub‐grids. This article proposes a novel method by utilizing the unified multi‐objective optimization (MOO) to integrate diverse strategies to a comprehensive problem. For this aim, individual optimal model is first established to describe the demands of each sub‐grid. The overall objectives are unified in terms of economy costs. This unification integrates evaluate different optimized results without loss of generality. The global objective is the weighted sum of the individual objectives with empirical coefficient. Thus, the internal coupled restrictions and influences among sub‐grids can be solved simultaneously. Finally, by adjusting the corresponding weights according to the preferred requirement, the optimized solution can effectively allocate renewable energy throughout all sub‐grids. Consequently, both individual and global requirements can be met at utmost. The proposed unified MOO is tested on the configured systems based on multiple modified PJM 9‐bus grids. Satisfying the global optimum of the multi‐region joint system, the total system cost increases by 15.1%, the industrial zone cost increases by 21.4%, and the residential load shedding loss cost increases by 27.3%. Although each region has to sacrifice some of its benefits, the compromise operational behavior ensures that the total cost is optimal. Numerical results verify the effectiveness in achieving the promising global optimal solution, and the flexibility in meeting the requirements of different sub‐grids.
Effects of aeration and season on the composting of hatchery waste
Authors: de Oliveira Juliana Dias , Orrico Ana Carolina Amorim , da Silva Vilela Ranielle Nogueira , Orrico Junior Marco Antonio Previdelli , Aspilcueta Borquis Rusbel Raul , Tomazi Michely , Leite Brenda Kelly Viana 
Published: October 2023

AbstractHatchery waste is characterized as biomass with a high concentration of pollutants, therefore, such waste should be composted in static windrows in the initial phase of the process. The current research was carried out aiming to investigate the need for forced aeration in static piles built in cells with perforated walls during the composting of hatchery waste, in association with a bulking agent, during winter and summer. Aeration resulted in greater breakdown of volatile solids (VS), carbon (C), and lignin in the summer up to 50 days of composting. However, at 70 and 90 days, the results between aerated and non‐aerated windrows were similar. The highest N breakdown took place during winter with no aeration. The concentrations of humic acids were influenced only by the season and were higher in the compost generated during summer. Micronutrient concentrations in the compost were impacted by season and were higher in the summer. It is concluded that, in winter, forced aeration is only recommended after 50 days of composting, whereas in summer, forced aeration was beneficial throughout the composting process.
Performance optimization of solar pump operating by PV module
Authors: Singh Vineet , Yadav Vinod Singh , Trivedi Vaibhav , Singh Manoj Kumar 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn this research article, the objective of the work is to maximize the performance of solar pump based on input variables. The solar panel and motor pump set are the important parts of solar pump. The overall performance of the solar pump has been depending on the performance of solar panels and motor pump set. The tilt angle, surface azimuth angle, module temperature and speed of motor are most important input parameters on which whole performance of solar pump depends. So, for fulling these objectives a 5 hp (horsepower) solar pump has been installed in FET MJP Rohilkhand University, Bareilly located at 28.36° N, 79.43° E. The experimental data of output parameters at the different settings of input parameters and data generated by model equations have been optimized by the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) tool of Design of Experiments (DOE). The optimum setting of input parameters are Tilt Angle (TA) (36.22°), Surface Azimuth Angle (SA) (−1.26°), Module Temperature (MT), and speed of the motor (2169.69 RPM). On the optimum setting of input parameters, the values of the response are maximum Solar Flux (SF) (762 W/m2), maximum power output (3661.4578 W), minimum discharge (19.2681 m3/h), head developed (55.17 m), maximum motor efficiency (90.7488%), maximum exergetic efficiency (15.3799%), minimum Levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) (0.0361 $/KWh), maximum panel efficiency (17.1774%) and maximum overall efficiency (15.0117%).
Optimum design and analysis of solar pump with the help of genetic algorithm, a MATLAB tool, and RSM tool at minimum cost
Authors: Singh Vineet , Yadav Vinod Singh , Kumar Niraj , Kumar Manoj , Singh Manoj Kumar 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn this research paper, a well‐performing solar pump at the minimum cost of project life is designed and installed. Initially, the capacity of submersible pumps and discharge have been determined based on the water requirement of the crop and the size of the field. The total number of solar panels, inverter size, and motor pump system have been designed based on the law of conservation of energy. The two optimization techniques genetic algorithm (GA) and response surface methodology (RSM) have been used for analyzing the pump performance parameters and total cost. The GA tool has been used to determine the optimum tilt angle on which responses namely solar flux, solar panel efficiency, exergy, and pump efficiency should be maximum. Moreover, the performance of the solar pump at the optimum tilt angle has been compared with the 28° fixed tilt angle (latitute of location). For the experimental study solar pump experimental setup of 5 hp power has been installed in Faculty of Engineering and Technology, MJP Rohilkhand University at 28.36°N, 79.43°E. The total cost of the solar pump has been optimized with the help of RSM based on the discharge and head of the solar pump. The new optimization approach reduced the levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) from 0.041 to 0.035 $/kWh and the payback period is reduced from 4 to 3 years. The annual increment in average solar flux and overall efficiency has been recorded to be from 606 to 697 W/m2 and 11% to 14% respectively.
Study on the disturbance characteristics and control strategies of coordinated exploitation of superimposed resources of coal and oil‐type gas in Ordos Basin
Authors: Hao Dingyi , Zhang Tong , Yang Yingbing , Ren Jiaming 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAt present, the coordinated exploitation of coal measures‐associated resources is facing many problems, such as wide range, complex technology, and lack of in‐depth theoretical research. To study and solve the coordinated exploitation of coal and oil‐type gas‐associated superimposed resources, taking Huangling No.2 mine in Ordos Basin as an example, a fluid–solid coupling finite element model for coal mining in associated mines is constructed, and the variation laws of axial stress, displacement, stability and oil‐type gas pressure of each gas reservoir at different advancing distances of coal face are numerically simulated and the disturbance characteristics of the mining coal seam to the gas reservoir are obtained. The fluid–solid coupling finite element model of associated mine extraction is constructed, and the variation laws of axial stress, displacement, stability, and oil‐type gas pressure of the gas reservoir and coal seam when extracted from different gas reservoirs are numerically simulated. The disturbance characteristics of the surface‐extracted gas reservoir to the coal seam are obtained. The study results show that the larger the interval between the gas reservoir and the mining coal seam, the smaller the degree of disturbance, and the pressure relief effect of the oil‐type gas in the gas reservoir is positively related to its displacement; the surface drilling extract oil‐type gas, the oil‐type gas in the underlying gas reservoir will migrate and supplement to the extracted layer, and the plastic area around the extraction well basically appears in the mudstone layer and coal seam, and the gas reservoir near the coal seam has good pressure relief effect. Combined with the mutual disturbance characteristics between gas reservoir extraction and coal seam extraction and the field practice, disturbance control strategies for coordinated exploitation of superimposed resources of coal and oil‐type gas in Ordos Basin are proposed.
Directional rock blasting using shaped charges using combined charge liners with different shapes
Authors: Liu Kaixin , Zhang Yiping , Hou Tianliang , Miao Yusong , Zhao Xin , Zhang Mei 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe shape of a charge liner used in shaped charges with a combined liner will greatly influence the blasting effect. In this study, we examined how combined charge liners with different shapes affected directional rock blasting, and we assessed the influence mechanism. The numerical simulation results showed that among the three shaped charge liners, liners with arc and triangular shapes performed significantly better than the flat‐top liner, and the triangular liner was slightly superior to the arc‐shaped liner. Model testing indicated that principal cracks in the arc‐shaped and triangular liners developed along the combined energy‐gathering direction, while the principal cracks of the flat‐top liner deviated 32° from the axis. Therefore, the directional cracking effect of arc‐shaped and triangular liners was superior to the flat‐top liner. According to the peak strain values on the liners, the peak strain in the combined energy‐gathering direction was greater than that in the slot and nonenergy‐gathering directions, and the order of the peak strain of the three liners followed arc‐shaped liner > triangular liner > flat‐top liner. The directional blasting effect of the triangular liner was slightly better than the arc‐shaped liner. In conclusion, the findings of this study suggested that the best directional rock‐blasting effect was achieved when the shape of the combined charge liner was triangular.
The theoretical approach of the solar organic Rankine cycle integrated with phase change material for the Hungarian region
Authors: Permana Diki I. , Rusirawan Dani , Farkas István 
Published: October 2023

AbstractHungary is not only dependent on imports of natural gas and fossil fuels, but Hungary is also the lowest in renewable energy utilization; otherwise, only 11.3% compared to other Central European countries in renewable energy utilization, above 13%. The percentage of renewables in power generation quadrupled from 8% to 16% between 2010 and 2020, with most of the gains coming from the rapid expansion of solar energy, particularly after 2016. Regarding solar energy resource potential, Hungary has a daily total of around 3.2–3.6 kWh/m2 and a yearly total of about 1168–1314 kW.h/m2. This makes it a suitable location for putting solar thermal collectors in conjunction with an organic Rankine cycle (ORC) system. In this study, the authors analyzed solar thermal as a heat source to generate electricity with ORC using two types of working fluids (R245fa and R123). Hungary's weather data for a whole year is used as primary data to look for solar radiation characteristics and ambient temperature. Based on the general solar collector equation, the parabolic tube collector was selected as the best solar collector to utilize solar radiation by producing a maximum heat of around 654.68 kW. Therefore, the evacuated flat plate collector was selected as the solar collector that can produce the maximum outlet temperature of around 372.15 K with a similar size aperture area. Producing a temperature output from the solar collector for heat transfer in the ORC system and from the performance showed that R245fa resulted in better Wnet performance compared with R123 with values of 45.82 and 28.17 kW, respectively, under the same solar collector. Meanwhile, the material suitable for the thermal energy storage‐evaporator combination is organic phase change material using N‐Octacosane, which in the same temperature range (350–375 K) has the smallest ζ(T) value (1.08–1.103), so the mass required for the system is very efficient.