bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Starting with 24-h levodopa carbidopa intestinal gel at initiation in a large cohort of advanced Parkinson’s disease patients
Authors: Szatmári Szabolcs , Szász József Attila , Orbán-Kis Károly , Bataga Simona , Ciorba Marius , Nagy Előd , Neagoe Radu , Mihály István , Szász Péter Zsombor , Kelemen Krisztina , Frigy Attila , Csipor-Fodor Andrea , Constantin Viorelia Adelina 
Published: February 2024

AbstractContinuous intra-jejunal infusion of levodopa-carbidopa intestinal gel (LCIG) is a long-term proven and effective treatment in advanced Parkinson’s Disease (APD). Efficacy and safety of 16-h administration of LCIG has already been established. Additional benefits of 24-h LCIG administration have been reported in several case series and small clinical studies. The aim of this retrospective study was to compare the characteristics of patients who needed 24-h LCIG from the beginning of the DAT (device-aided treatment) with those who remained with the standard 16-h LCIG treatment and to identify particular motives if any. We initiated LCIG in 150 patients out of which in case of 62 patients (41,3%) due to unsatisfactory initial clinical benefits continuous 24-h LCIG was deemed necessary. Despite the subjective complaints and more severe clinical condition, at baseline evaluation we found statistically significant differences between 16-h LCIG cohort and 24-h LCIG cohort only in case of incidence of freezing (47% vs 65%, p = 0.03) and sudden off (32% vs 48%, p = 0.04). Wake hours/daytime LCIG does not always sufficiently improve the patient's quality of life in some patients due to persistent nighttime troublesome symptoms. Instead of labeling the patient as a non-responder, it is worth trying the 24-h LCIG dosage in a carefully selected group of patients, as there is currently no consensus on reliable criteria that serve the decision in these patients.
The characteristics of differentiated yeast subpopulations depend on their lifestyle and available nutrients
Authors: Čáp Michal , Palková Zdena 
Published: February 2024

AbstractYeast populations can undergo diversification during their growth and ageing, leading to the formation of different cell-types. Differentiation into two major subpopulations, differing in cell size and density and exhibiting distinct physiological and metabolic properties, was described in planktonic liquid cultures and in populations of colonies growing on semisolid surfaces. Here, we compare stress resistance, metabolism and expression of marker genes in seven differentiated cell subpopulations emerging during cultivation in liquid fermentative or respiratory media and during colony development on the same type of solid media. The results show that the more-dense cell subpopulations are more stress resistant than the less-dense subpopulations under all cultivation conditions tested. On the other hand, respiratory capacity, enzymatic activities and marker gene expression differed more between subpopulations. These characteristics are more influenced by the lifestyle of the population (colony vs. planktonic cultivation) and the medium composition. Only in the population growing in liquid respiratory medium, two subpopulations do not form as in the other conditions tested, but all cells exhibit a range of characteristics of the more-dense subpopulations. This suggests that signals for cell differentiation may be triggered by prior metabolic reprogramming or by an unknown signal from the structured environment in the colony.
Family planning competency following medical school Ob/Gyn clerkships at faith-based and secular sites
Authors: Feltman Rachel N. , Lewis Steven R. , Thompson Nathan E. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractContraception and abortion topics are variably, but often poorly, addressed in medical school curricula. Restrictions on contraceptive and abortion care at faith-based hospitals may hinder comprehensive family planning training for medical students during Ob/Gyn clerkships. Here we investigated whether medical students at faith-based and non-faith-based clerkships experienced different observations during their Ob/Gyn clerkship and/or differences in self-perceived competency in patient counseling, objective knowledge, and perceived adequacy of training in contraception and abortion topics post-clerkship. A survey was distributed to third- and fourth-year medical students at New York Institute of Technology, College of Osteopathic Medicine. Across all clerkship sites (n = 102 students), observations of, and competency in, contraceptive care was higher than in abortion care. Students at non-faith-based clerkship sites (n = 54) reported the highest levels of observation of contraceptive and abortion care (19.6–90.7%), while those at Catholic sites (n = 26) typically reported the lowest (7.7–34.6%). Students at non-faith-based sites reported significantly higher competency in contraceptive care and some aspects of abortion care, than those at Catholic, and some other faith-based sites (n = 48). Clerkship training at faith-based sites, specifically Catholic sites, resulted in poorer Ob/Gyn training, particularly in contraceptive care. Training outcomes in abortion care were poor at all Ob/Gyn clerkship sites.
Differences in enteric neuronal density in the NSE-Noggin mouse model across institutes
Authors: Schonkeren Simone L. , Thijssen Meike S. , Idris Musa , Wouters Kim , de Vaan Joëlle , Teubner Andreas , Gijbels Marion J. , Boesmans Werend , Melotte Veerle 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe enteric nervous system (ENS) is a large and complex part of the peripheral nervous system, and it is vital for gut homeostasis. To study the ENS, different hyper- and hypo-innervated model systems have been developed. The NSE-Noggin mouse model was described as one of the few models with a higher enteric neuronal density in the colon. However, in our hands NSE-Noggin mice did not present with a hyperganglionic phenotype. NSE-Noggin mice were phenotyped based on fur appearance, genotyped and DNA sequenced to demonstrate transgene and intact NSE-Noggin-IRES-EGFP construct presence, and RNA expression of Noggin was shown to be upregulated. Positive EGFP staining in the plexus of NSE-Noggin mice also confirmed Noggin protein expression. Myenteric plexus preparations of the colon were examined to quantify both the overall density of enteric neurons and the proportions of enteric neurons expressing specific subtype markers. The total number of enteric neurons in the colonic myenteric plexus of transgenic mice did not differ significantly from wild types, nor did the proportion of calbindin, calretinin, or serotonin immunoreactive myenteric neurons. Possible reasons as to why the hyperinnervated phenotype could not be observed in contrast with original studies using this mouse model are discussed, including study design, influence of microbiota, and other environmental variables.
Unsupervised deep learning framework for temperature-compensated damage assessment using ultrasonic guided waves on edge device
Authors: Kashyap Pankhi , Shivgan Kajal , Patil Sheetal , Raja B. Ramana , Mahajan Sagar , Banerjee Sauvik , Tallur Siddharth 
Published: February 2024

AbstractFueled by the rapid development of machine learning (ML) and greater access to cloud computing and graphics processing units, various deep learning based models have been proposed for improving performance of ultrasonic guided wave structural health monitoring (GW-SHM) systems, especially to counter complexity and heterogeneity in data due to varying environmental factors (e.g., temperature) and types of damages. Such models typically comprise of millions of trainable parameters, and therefore add to cost of deployment due to requirements of cloud connectivity and processing, thus limiting the scale of deployment of GW-SHM. In this work, we propose an alternative solution that leverages TinyML framework for development of light-weight ML models that could be directly deployed on embedded edge devices. The utility of our solution is illustrated by presenting an unsupervised learning framework for damage detection in honeycomb composite sandwich structure with disbond and delamination type of damages, validated using data generated by finite element simulations and experiments performed at various temperatures in the range 0–90 °C. We demonstrate a fully-integrated solution using a Xilinx Artix-7 FPGA for data acquisition and control, and edge-inference of damage. Despite the limited number of features, the lightweight model shows reasonably high accuracy, thereby enabling detection of small size defects with improved sensitivity on an edge device for online GW-SHM.
Quantifying the impact of telemedicine and patient medical advice request messages on physicians' work-outside-work
Authors: Mandal Soumik , Wiesenfeld Batia M. , Mann Devin M. , Szerencsy Adam C. , Iturrate Eduardo , Nov Oded 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic has boosted digital health utilization, raising concerns about increased physicians’ after-hours clinical work ("work-outside-work”). The surge in patients’ digital messages and additional time spent on work-outside-work by telemedicine providers underscores the need to evaluate the connection between digital health utilization and physicians’ after-hours commitments. We examined the impact on physicians’ workload from two types of digital demands - patients’ messages requesting medical advice (PMARs) sent to physicians’ inbox (inbasket), and telemedicine. Our study included 1716 ambulatory-care physicians in New York City regularly practicing between November 2022 and March 2023. Regression analyses assessed primary and interaction effects of (PMARs) and telemedicine on work-outside-work. The study revealed a significant effect of PMARs on physicians’ work-outside-work and that this relationship is moderated by physicians’ specialties. Non-primary care physicians or specialists experienced a more pronounced effect than their primary care peers. Analysis of their telemedicine load revealed that primary care physicians received fewer PMARs and spent less time in work-outside-work with more telemedicine. Specialists faced increased PMARs and did more work-outside-work as telemedicine visits increased which could be due to the difference in patient panels. Reducing PMAR volumes and efficient inbasket management strategies needed to reduce physicians’ work-outside-work. Policymakers need to be cognizant of potential disruptions in physicians carefully balanced workload caused by the digital health services.
Bronchial epithelial transcriptomics and experimental validation reveal asthma severity-related neutrophilc signatures and potential treatments
Authors: Yan Qian , Zhang Xinxin , Xie Yi , Yang Jing , Liu Chengxin , Zhang Miaofen , Zheng Wenjiang , Lin Xueying , Huang Hui-ting , Liu Xiaohong , Jiang Yong , Zhan Shao-feng , Huang Xiufang 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAirway epithelial transcriptome analysis of asthma patients with different severity was used to disentangle the immune infiltration mechanisms affecting asthma exacerbation, which may be advantageous to asthma treatment. Here we introduce various bioinformatics methods and develop two models: an OVA/CFA-induced neutrophil asthma mouse model and an LPS-induced human bronchial epithelial cell damage model. Our objective is to investigate the molecular mechanisms, potential targets, and therapeutic strategies associated with asthma severity. Multiple bioinformatics methods identify meaningful differences in the degree of neutrophil infiltration in asthma patients with different severity. Then, PTPRC, TLR2, MMP9, FCGR3B, TYROBP, CXCR1, S100A12, FPR1, CCR1 and CXCR2 are identified as the hub genes. Furthermore, the mRNA expression of 10 hub genes is determined in vivo and in vitro models. Reperixin is identified as a pivotal drug targeting CXCR1, CXCR2 and MMP9. We further test the potential efficiency of Reperixin in 16HBE cells, and conclude that Reperixin can attenuate LPS-induced cellular damage and inhibit the expression of them. In this study, we successfully identify and validate several neutrophilic signatures and targets associated with asthma severity. Notably, Reperixin displays the ability to target CXCR1, CXCR2, and MMP9, suggesting its potential therapeutic value for managing deteriorating asthma.
Catalyst-free late-stage functionalization to assemble α-acyloxyenamide electrophiles for selectively profiling conserved lysine residues
Authors: Zhao Yuanyuan , Duan Kang , Fan Youlong , Li Shengrong , Huang Liyan , Tu Zhengchao , Sun Hongyan , Cook Gregory M. , Yang Jing , Sun Pinghua , Tan Yi , Ding Ke , Li Zhengqiu 
Published: February 2024

AbstractCovalent probes coupled with chemical proteomics represent a powerful method for investigating small molecule and protein interactions. However, the creation of a reactive warhead within various ligands to form covalent probes has been a major obstacle. Herein, we report a convenient and robust process to assemble a unique electrophile, an α-acyloxyenamide, through a one-step late-stage coupling reaction. This procedure demonstrates remarkable tolerance towards other functional groups and facilitates ligand-directed labeling in proteins of interest. The reactive group has been successfully incorporated into a clinical drug targeting the EGFR L858R mutant, erlotinib, and a pan-kinase inhibitor. The resulting probes have been shown to be able to covalently engage a lysine residue proximal to the ATP-binding pocket of the EGFR L858R mutant. A series of active sites, and Mg2+, ATP-binding sites of kinases, such as K33 of CDK1, CDK2, CDK5 were detected. This is the first report of engaging these conserved catalytic lysine residues in kinases with covalent inhibition. Further application of this methodology to natural products has demonstrated its success in profiling ligandable conserved lysine residues in whole proteome. These findings offer insights for the development of new targeted covalent inhibitors (TCIs).
Understanding the bonding and aromaticity of [Au3{C4H4(X)4E}3]− (X = CF3, CN, BO; E = Si, Ge): trinuclear gold superhalogens
Authors: Das Subhra , Sinha Swapan , Roymahapatra Gourisankar , Orozco-Ic Mesías , Chandra De Gobinda , Giri Santanab 
Published: February 2024

The first Principal study on [Au3{C4H4(X)4E}3]− (X = CF3, CN, BO; E = Si, Ge) reveals their superhalogen character with anionic trinuclear Au3 core. Magnetic response calculations based on the magnetically induced current densities and the induced magnetic field confirm the aromatic nature.
Self‐attention residual network‐based spatial super‐resolution synthesis for time‐varying volumetric data
Authors: Ma Ji , Ye Yuhao , Chen Jinjin 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn the field of scientific visualization, the upscaling of time‐varying volume is meaningful. It can be used in in situ visualization to help scientists overcome the limitations of I/O speed and storage capacity when analysing and visualizing large‐scale, time‐varying simulation data. This paper proposes self‐attention residual network‐based spatial super‐resolution (SARN‐SSR), a spatial super‐resolution model based on self‐attention residual networks that can generate time‐varying data with temporal coherence. SARN‐SSR consists of two components: a generator and a discriminator. The generator takes the low‐resolution volume sequences as the input and gives the corresponding high‐resolution volume sequences as the output. The discriminator takes both synthesized and real high‐resolution volume sequence as the input and gives a matrix to predict the realness as the output. To verify the validity of SARN‐SSR, four sets of time‐varying volume datasets are applied from scientific simulation. In addition, SARN‐SSR is compared on these datasets, both qualitatively and quantitatively, with two deep learning‐based techniques and one traditional technique. The experimental results show that by using this method, the closest time‐varying data to the ground truth can be obtained.
Verletzungen der oberen Halswirbelsäule
Authors: Ullrich Bernhard , Nachbauer Nadine , Kobbe Philipp 
Published: February 2024

ZusammenfassungDurch ihre komplexe Funktion und Anatomie ist es sinnvoll die axiale Halswirbelsäule von der subaxialen zu unterscheiden. Verletzungen dieser Region sind vielfältig und nicht immer einfach zu diagnostizieren. Hilfreich für die Indikationsstellung zur bildgebenden Diagnostik sind die Canadian C-Spine-Rules.Einfache Frakturen können mittels Zervikalorthese konservativ behandelt werden. Die Halotraktion ist für alle Verletzungsentitäten bis auf die transdentale C1/C2-Instabilität eine semikonservative Behandlunsgsoption.Instabile Verletzungen bedürfen einer operativen Intervention. Für eine differenzierte Therapieentscheidung sind die vielfältigen Klassifikationssysteme hilfreich. Neben der Darstellung der bewährten Einteilungsprinzipien liegt in besonderes Augenmerk in diesem Aufsatz auf der jüngst veröffentlichten AOSpine Upper Cervical Spine Injury Klassifikation. Diese propagiert eine stärker segmentbezogene Denkweise und stellt einen sehr attraktiven Ansatz dar, da sich aus den Zuordnungen relativ einfach therapeutische Konsequenzen ableiten lassen. Sehr viele spezifische Aspekte der etablierten Klassifikationssysteme sind ebenfalls über Modifikatoren mit abbildbar.Es werden typische Verletzungsmuster von der Diagnostik über Indikationsstellung bis hin zur Therapie dargestellt. Hervorzuheben sind hierbei die Goel/Harms-Verschraubung, die transartikuläre Verschraubung nach Magerl, die aszendierende Densosteosynthese und die Okzipitozervikale Fusion.
Management des nephrotischen Syndroms
Authors: Schork Anja 
Published: February 2024

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGÖdeme bilden zusammen mit einer Proteinurie > 3,5 g/Tag, Hypalbuminämie und Hyperlipidämie den Symptomkomplex des nephrotischen Syndroms. Zur Entstehung der Ödeme gibt es 2 Hypothesen, die höchstwahrscheinlich zusammenwirken: einerseits die Underfill-Hypothese, nach der es durch den verminderten onkotischen Druck als Folge eines Eiweißverlusts zum Wasserübertritt ins Interstitium kommt; andererseits die Overfill-Theorie, die primär eine renal gesteigerte Natrium- und Wasserretention (möglicherweise durch Aktivierung des epithelialen Natrium-Kanals (ENaC) durch aberrant filtrierte Serinproteasen) postuliert. Die Ödeme beim nephrotischen Syndrom sind häufig gegenüber der diuretischen Therapie refraktär, sodass eine höhere Dosis an Schleifendiuretika und die Kombination verschiedener Diuretikaklassen erforderlich sind. Als vielversprechender diuretischer Therapieansatz werden aktuell ENaC-Hemmstoffe (z. B. Amilorid) geprüft. Ergänzungen zur diuretischen Therapie sind die diätetische Kochsalzrestriktion, die antiproteinurische Therapie, die Ödemmobilisation durch lokale Maßnahmen (z. B. Beine wickeln), und im Extremfall die Dialysebehandlung mit Ultrafiltration.
Diuretika bei Herzinsuffizienz
Authors: Ufuk Engin-Halil 
Published: February 2024

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGBei der Therapie der Herzinsuffizienz sind Schleifendiuretika hilfreich zur Wiederherstellung eines optimierten Volumenhaushalts. Furosemid und Torasemid sind hierbei die am gebräuchlichsten eingesetzten Substanzen. Beide lindern subjektive Beschwerden wie Ödeme und Dyspnoe, daneben werden mit deren Anwendung klinische Endpunkte wie die Hemmung der Progredienz der Herzinsuffizienz und die Senkung der Mortalität erreicht. Dabei sind Furosemid und Torasemid – bis auf geringfügige Unterschiede in der Pharmakokinetik – nahezu gleichwertig. Bei akuter kardialer Dekompensation ist die intravenöse Verabreichungsform zu bevorzugen. Eine Reihe von Gründen kann zu Diuretikaresistenz führen, die beachtet werden sollten. Zur Steigerung der Diurese empfiehlt sich eine sequenzielle Tubulusblockade mit Azetazolamid oder Thiaziden, aber auch Aldosteronantagonisten sind unter Beachtung des Hyperkaliämierisikos bei abnormer Nierenfunktion möglich.
Diuretika bei akuter und chronischer Nierenkrankheit
Authors: Bohnert Bernhard N. 
Published: February 2024

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDiuretika gehören zu den am häufigsten verordneten Wirkstoffgruppen und werden im klinischen Alltag bei Patienten mit Nierenkrankheiten routinemäßig eingesetzt. Aber was ist über ihren Einsatz bei akuter und chronischer Nierenkrankheit bekannt? Welche Wirkstoffe können sinnvoll eingesetzt werden? Welche Indikationen für den Einsatz von Diuretika gibt es bei der akuten und chronischen Nierenkrankheit? Was ist bei ihrer Verwendung bei nierenkranken Patienten zu beachten und welchen Einfluss hat eine eingeschränkte Nierenfunktion auf ihre Wirkung? Auf diese Fragen soll in diesem Artikel ausführlich eingegangen werden.
Diagnostic Stewardship in Klinik und Praxis mit Fokus auf die mikrobiologische Harnwegs- und Blutstromdiagnostik
Authors: Bornemann Reinhard , Hartmann Johannes , Kaup Olaf , Probst-Kepper Michael , Scherer Christiane 
Published: February 2024

ZusammenfassungEine gezielte Infektionsdiagnostik liefert Entscheidungshilfen für einen rationalen Antibiotika-Einsatz im Sinne eines Antibiotic Stewardship (ABS). Analog zu ABS wird hierfür der Begriff „Diagnostic Stewardship“ (DGS) vorgeschlagen. DGS bezieht sich neben der allgemeinen vor allem auf die mikrobiologische Infektionsdiagnostik – mit spezifischen Erregernachweisen via Kulturverfahren bzw. Immunologie, zunehmend auch mittels molekularbiologischer Verfahren. Insbesondere in der Mikrobiologie spielen Präanalytik, Analytik und Postanalytik eine wesentliche Rolle. Ein Erregernachweis geht mit einer antimikrobiellen Empfindlichkeitsprüfung (bzw. S-I-R-Einteilung) einher, die speziell im Kontext mit ABS besondere Aufmerksamkeit verdient. In dieser Arbeit werden all diese Aspekte behandelt und an zwei ambulant wie stationär relevanten, praktischen Beispielen der Urin- bzw. Blutkultur-Diagnostik dargelegt.
High risk stigmata and treatment strategy for acute lower gastrointestinal bleeding: a nationwide study in Japan
Authors: Aoki Tomonori , Nagata Naoyoshi , Sadashima Eiji , Kobayashi Katsumasa , Yamauchi Atsushi , Yamada Atsuo , Omori Jun , Ikeya Takashi , Aoyama Taiki , Tominaga Naoyuki , Sato Yoshinori , Kishino Takaaki , Ishii Naoki , Sawada Tsunaki , Murata Masaki , Takao Akinari , Mizukami Kazuhiro , Kinjo Ken , Fujimori Shunji , Uotani Takahiro , Fujita Minoru , Sato Hiroki , Hayakawa Yoku , Fujishiro Mitsuhiro , Kaise Mitsuru ,   CODE BLUE-J Study collaborators
Published: February 2024

Background The rebleeding risks and outcomes of endoscopic treatment for acute lower gastrointestinal bleeding (ALGIB) may differ depending on the bleeding location, type, and etiology of stigmata of recent hemorrhage (SRH) but have yet to be fully investigated. We aimed to identify high risk endoscopic SRH and to propose an optimal endoscopic treatment strategy.
Methods We retrospectively analyzed 2699 ALGIB patients with SRH at 49 hospitals (CODE BLUE-J Study), of whom 88.6 % received endoscopic treatment.
Results 30-day rebleeding rates of untreated SRH significantly differed among locations (left colon 15.5 % vs. right colon 28.6 %) and etiologies (diverticular bleeding 27.5 % vs. others [e. g. ulcerative lesions or angioectasia] 8.9 %), but not among bleeding types. Endoscopic treatment reduced the overall rebleeding rate (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 0.69; 95 %CI 0.49–0.98), and the treatment effect was significant in right-colon SRH (AOR 0.46; 95 %CI 0.29–0.72) but not in left-colon SRH. The effect was observed in both active and nonactive types, but was not statistically significant. Moreover, the effect was significant for diverticular bleeding (AOR 0.60; 95 %CI 0.41–0.88) but not for other diseases. When focusing on treatment type, the effectiveness was not significantly different between clipping and other modalities for most SRH, whereas ligation was significantly more effective than clipping in right-colon diverticular bleeding.
Conclusions A population-level endoscopy dataset allowed us to identify high risk endoscopic SRH and propose a simple endoscopic treatment strategy for ALGIB. Unlike upper gastrointestinal bleeding, the rebleeding risks for ALGIB depend on colonic location, bleeding etiology, and treatment modality.