bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biofilm Formation by Hyperpiliated Mutants of
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Chiang Poney , Burrows Lori L. 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACT

Under static growth conditions, hyperpiliated, nontwitching
pilT
and
pilU
mutants of
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
formed dense biofilms, showing that adhesion, not twitching motility, is necessary for biofilm initiation. Under flow conditions, the
pilT
mutant formed mushroom-like structures larger than those of the wild type but the
pilU
mutant was defective in biofilm formation. Therefore, twitching motility affects the development of biofilm structure, possibly through modulation of detachment.
Characterization of the
Bacillus subtilis ywtD
Gene, Whose Product Is Involved in γ-Polyglutamic Acid Degradation
Authors: Suzuki Takao , Tahara Yasutaka 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACT

The
ywtD
gene, which codes for an enzyme that degrades γ-polyglutamic acid (PGA), was cloned from
Bacillus subtilis
IFO16449. The gene is located immediately downstream of
ywsC
and
ywtABC
, a PGA operon involved in PGA biosynthesis, and it showed partial similarity to genes coding for
dl
-endopeptidase, a peptidoglycan-degrading enzyme. The
ywtD
gene, from which signal sequence is excised, was inserted into pET15b, and the recombinant plasmid was then transformed into
Escherichia coli
. Histidine-tagged YwtD was purified from sonicated cells of the transformant. The purified YwtD degraded PGA to yield two hydrolyzed products, a high-molecular-mass product (490 kDa with nearly 100%
l
-glutamic acid) and an 11-kDa product (with
d
-glutamic acid and
l
-glutamic acid in an 80:20 ratio). This finding and results of enzymatic analysis of the two products with carboxypeptidase G suggest that YwtD is a novel enzyme cleaving the γ-glutamyl bond only between
d
- and
l
-glutamic acids of PGA, and it may be designated γ-
dl-
glutamyl hydrolase.
VnfY Is Required for Full Activity of the Vanadium-Containing Dinitrogenase in
Azotobacter vinelandii
Authors: Rüttimann-Johnson Carmen , Rubio Luis M. , Dean Dennis R. , Ludden Paul W. 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACT

A gene from
Azotobacter vinelandii
whose product exhibits primary sequence similarity to the NifY, NafY, NifX, and VnfX family of proteins, and which is required for effective V-dependent diazotrophic growth, was identified. Because this gene is located downstream from
vnfK
in an arrangement similar to the relative organization of the
nifK
and
nifY
genes, it was designated
vnfY
. A mutant strain having an insertion mutation in
vnfY
has 10-fold less
vnf
dinitrogenase activity and exhibits a greatly diminished level of
49
V label incorporation into the V-dependent dinitrogenase when compared to the wild type. These results indicate that VnfY has a role in the maturation of the V-dependent dinitrogenase, with a specific role in the formation of the V-containing cofactor and/or its insertion into apodinitrogenase.
Analysis of the Ferric Citrate Transport Gene Promoter of
Escherichia coli
Authors: Enz Sabine , Mahren Susanne , Menzel Claudia , Braun Volkmar 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACT

FecI, an extracytoplasmic-function σ factor, is required for initiation of transcription of the ferric citrate transport genes. A mutational analysis of the
fecA
promoter revealed that the nonconserved −10 region and a downstream regulatory element are important for
fecA
promoter activity. However, nucleotide substitutions in the well-conserved −35 region also have an effect on the
fecA
promoter activity. Titration of FecI suggests that the FecI-RNA polymerase holoenzyme does not bind strongly to the downstream regulatory element, which is therefore probably involved in a subsequent step of transcription initiation.
RECONSTRUCTING THE WORLD OF ANCIENT MESOPOTAMIA: DIVIDED BEGINNINGS AND HOLISTIC HISTORY
Authors: Zettler Richard 
Published: March 2003

AbstractSince its inception in the nineteenth century, ancient Mesopotamian studies has recognized a division of labor between archaeologists and philologists/historians that has often skewed histories of the "land between the rivers." Recent efforts, inspired in part by the Sumerologist Thorkild Jacobsen, offer hope for more holistic histories. Three case studies—on the Inanna temple at Nippur under the Third Dynasty of Ur, abrupt climate change in the late third millennium and its social impact as reconstructed from environmental proxy data and textual sources, and the Sumerian Agriculture Group's collaborative research on subsistence—typify efforts to integrate material culture and texts. Dès le début des études sur la Mésopotamie ancienne au 19ème siècle, un fossé s'est creusé entre les archéologues et les philologues/historiens, et les travaux historiques portant sur le "pays entre les fleuves" en ont souvent été influencés. De récents efforts, inspirés en partie par le sumérologue Thorkild Jacobsen, permettent d'espérer une histoire plus compréhensive. Trois études de cas caractérisent les efforts d'intégration des données de la culture matérielle et des documents écrits: le temple d'Inanna à Nippour sous la troisième dynastie d'Ur; le brusque changement de climat survenu vers la fin du troisième millénaire et son impact social reconstruits à partir de textes et de données indirectes dérivées de l'environnement; enfin la recherche en interdisciplinaire du Sumerian Agriculture Group sur les ressources alimentaires.
BERENIKE CROSSROADS: THE INTEGRATION OF INFORMATION
Authors:   Tomber,   Wendrich,   Harrell,   Sidebotham,   Bagnall,   Cappers
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe harbor town of Berenike functioned in the long-distance trade between the Mediterranean and the Indian Ocean Basin from the third century BC to the early sixth century AD. This contribution aims to view the Berenike material within its wider historical context through a preliminary analysis of the combined archaeological and textual evidence. By comparing the results of the work of different specialists, the potential of a multi-disciplinary approach becomes apparent. A number of caveats are given, which illustrate the interpretative problems arising from comparing the results of different disciplines. Lastly, this attempt at integration shows that the discrepancies between the different sources offer important insights. Le port maritime de Berenike fonctionnait dans le commerce de longue distance entre la Méditerranée et le bassin de la Mer des Indes depuis le troisième siècle avant JC jusqu'au début du sixième siècle après JC. Cette contribution examine le matériel de Berenike dans un contexte plus large par une analyse préliminaire croisant des données archéologiques et textuelles. En comparant les résultats proposés par plusieurs spécialistes, le potentiel du travail multidisciplinaire devient évident. Un nombre de caveats est présenté pour illustrer des problèmes d'interprétation, provenant des comparaisons de résultats de plusieurs disciplines. Enfin, cet essai d'intégration montre que les divergences entre plusieurs sources offre des aperçus importants.
JI'NAN IN THE FIRST MILLENNIUM B.C.: ARCHAEOLOGY AND HISTORY
Authors:   Min
Published: March 2003

AbstractInterpretations derived from the study of texts have often determined how material remains have been explained in the historical archaeology of ancient China. Thus, the history of China has been less informed by archaeological knowledge than one would wish. In the case of social transitions in the Ji'nan region in the first millennium B.C., I show how changes in settlement patterns and in mortuary practices enrich our understanding of how the increasingly centralized state impacted the local Ji'nan society. Les interprétations provenant de l'étude des textes ont souvent déterminé la manière dont les vestiges matériels ont été intégrés dans l'archéologie historique de la Chine Ancienne. Pour cette raison, l'apport des données archéologiques sur la connaissance de la Chine. Ancienne est bien moindre qu1on ne le pense. Dans le cas des transitions sociales dans la région de Ji1nan au cours du 1er Millénaire B.C., cet article montre comment les changements intervenus dans la distribution régionale des sites et dans les pratiques funéraires enrichit notre perception des effets de l'action de l'état centralisateur sur la société locale du Ji'nan.
El papel del apoyo social en la experiencia de dolor crónico. Un estudio empírico
Authors: de los Angeles Pastor María , López-Roig Sofía , Rodríguez-Marín Jesús , Salas Esteban , Sánchez Salvador , del Carmen Terol María 
Published: March 2003

Este trabajo tiene como objetivos, en primer lugar, comparar la percepción de, y satisfacción con, el apoyo social ofrecido por la red familiar y por la general o difusa en un grupo de enfermos con dolor crónico sin patología orgánica (fibromialgia: n=49) y en otros dos grupos de enfermos reumáticos (artritis reumatoidea: n=35 y artrosis: n=35). En segundo lugar, comparar en los mismos grupos su percepción de las respuestas recibidas desde el medio familiar a la comunicación de dolor. En tercer lugar, analizar la capacidad predictiva de las variables de apoyo social en el impacto de la fibromialgia, y compararla con su capacidad predictiva en el resto de enfermedades estudiadas. Los resultados muestran que la existencia o no de etiología para el dolor crónico reumático, no es una cuestión determinante en la percepción de apoyo social. Además, el papel de las variables mencionadas en la experiencia de dolor crónico varía en función de la enfermedad y de la variable resultado que se considere (distrés, dolor o discapacidad).
Procesos culturales e individuales implicados en la estereotipia de genero. Una aproximación empírica a la elección de carrera
Authors: López-Sáez Mercedes 
Published: March 2003

Se revisan los trabajos empíricos más importantes sobre estereotipia de género (Rosenkrantz, Broverman, Spence, Williams y Best, Bem, Markus, Deaux). Un análisis detallado de ellos lleva a la conclusión de la importancia de considerar el género como un constructo cultural, compuesto por el conjunto de creencias sobre las características que diferencialmente se asignan a hombres y mujeres. Se presenta un estudio empírico, en el que se analizan las diferencias en elección de carrera entre hombres y mujeres. Este problema se aborda desde un enfoque psicosocial, en el que se tiene en cuenta la interacción entre el sexo (como categoría social a la que se pertenece) y el género (como conjunto de creencias asociadas a esas categorías). Los resultados obtenidos en una muestra de chicos y chicas estudiantes de Ingeniería Industrial (N = 100) y de chicos y chicas estudiantes de Pedagogía (N = 86) ponen de manifiesto la importancia del género para discriminar entre las personas que eligen una carrera «típicamente» femenina o masculina.
High Sensitive and Prompt Discrimination of Luminescent Europium β-Diketonates Using Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Kurata Shoji , Nagai Masatoshi 
Published: April 2003

Abstract
Europium complexes with six types of tris β-diketones in the absence and presence of 1,10-phenanthroline were accurately analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively using both infusion electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) and fluorescence spectrometry (FL), which is usually used as the analytical method. Detection limits for compounds extracted with acetonitrile were 1–100ppb corresponding to those by FL.
Oxidation of Dicarboxylic Acids in Supercritical Water
Authors: Jin Fangming , Cao Jianxun , Enomoto Heiji , Moriya Takehiko 
Published: March 2003

Abstract
Sebacic and azelaic acids were oxidized in a batch reactor at 400 °C to study the oxidation pathways and mechanisms of dicarboxylic acids in supercritical water. The reaction of dicarboxylic acids proceeds with the consecutive oxidation of higher to lower molecular weight dicarboxylic acids through α-, β- and γ-oxidations, as do monocarboxylic acids. The oxidation of dicarboxylic acids is also accompanied by decarboxylation, leading to the formation of monocarboxylic acids. Decarboxylation occurred only when some oxygen was supplied.
Preparation of Visible Light-Activated Titania Photocatalyst by Mechanochemical Method
Authors: Yin Shu , Zhang Qiwu , Saito Fumio , Sato Tsugio 
Published: March 2003

Abstract
Nitrogen-doped yellowish rutile titania prepared by high energy ball milling of P-25 titania - 5% HMT (Hexamethylenetetramine, C6H12N4) mixed powders followed by calcination in air at 400 °C possessed two absorption edges around 400 and 540 nm and showed excellent photocatalytic ability for nitrogen monoxide oxidization under irradiation of the visible light of wavelength &gt;510 nm.
Synthesis and Reactions of the First Allenyl Azo Compounds
Authors: Banert Klaus , Hagedorn Manfred , Schlott Jana 
Published: March 2003

Abstract
Several propargylhydrazines were prepared and then oxidized by manganese dioxide to generate short-lived 1,1-diazenes, which produced novel allenyl azo compounds (8) through [2,3] sigmatropic rearrangement. Isomerization of 8 or nucleophilic addition to the title compounds lead to hydrazones as well as pyrazole derivatives.
Photocatalytic Activity of S-doped TiO2 Photocatalyst under Visible Light
Authors: Ohno Teruhisa , Mitsui Takahiro , Matsumura Michio 
Published: March 2003

Abstract
In order to effectively utilize visible light in photocatalytic reactions, we have developed S-doped TiO2 particles. They show strong absorption for visible light and high activities for degradation of methylene blue in aqueous solution under irradiation at wavelengths longer than 440 nm. The oxidation state of the S atoms incorporated into the TiO2 particles is determined to be S6+ from the XPS spectra.
Zinc Tetrafluoroborate-Catalyzed Efficient Conversion of Aldehydes to Geminal Diacetates and Cyanoacetates
Authors: Ranu Brindaban C , Dutta Jyotirmoy , Das Arijit 
Published: March 2003

Abstract
A trace of an aqueous solution of zinc tetrafluoroborate was demonstrated to catalyze the conversion of an aldehyde to its 1,1-diacetate by acetic anhydride without any solvent. A similar reaction of an aldehyde with a mixture of potassium cyanide and acetic anhydride in methylene chloride was also catalyzed by Zn(BF4)2 to provide the corresponding geminal cyanoacetate.
Anomalous Temperature Dependence of the Magnetic Susceptibility of a Ni(II) Cyclam Complex with Iodide
Authors: Yamauchi Jun , Tsuji Hideyuki , Sakai Naoko , Kawamura Yoshiko 
Published: March 2003

Abstract
Magnetic susceptibility was studied on a Ni(II) cyclam complex with iodide, which exhibited an anomalous temperature variation. A diamagnetic spin state at room temperature made a transition into a paramagnetic state below ca. 50 K, and the magnetic susceptibility increased continuously toward a liquid helium temperature. An ESR observation was in good agreement with this magnetic behavior. This finding is unusual in spin crossover phenomena in transition metal ions.
Coping and caregivers of people with dementia
Authors: Kneebone Ian I. , Martin Paul R. 
Published: March 2003

Purpose: To critically review the research based on Lazarus and Folkman's (1984) stress and coping model, in respect to the coping of those caring for persons with dementia in the community, in an attempt to establish its implications for interventions aimed at improving caregiver adjustment.Method: Published material on the coping of caregivers of persons with dementia was identified through computerized literature searches (Med‐line, Psych‐Info) to December 1999, employing search terms including Alzheimer's disease, dementia, caregiving, caregiver burden, adaptation, psychological, coping, and stress. Studies were chosen to be considered in detail, based on the reviewer's opinion that they would contribute to an understanding of the current state of the research and its clinical implications. This material was then critically reviewed against the tenets of Lazarus and Folkman's (1984) model.Results: Sixteen studies were selected to be included in the review, 12 cross‐sectional and 4 longitudinal. Seven of the studies did not incorporate coping measures specific to caregiving and/or assess coping in respect of specific caregiver problems. Nine of the studies did do this. The research suggests that a general tendency towards problemsolving and acceptance styles of coping is likely to be advantageous to caregivers of people with dementia.Conclusions: Despite this finding, it is concluded that the ability of the research to inform the clinician is severely limited. It is proposed that while longitudinal studies considered specific caregiver problems which incorporate coping measures specific to the caregiving task may improve understanding, a substantial revision of methodology and perspective may be required to produce findings that are likely to influence practice.
Relationships between personality, an extended theory of planned behaviour model and exercise behaviour
Authors: Rhodes Ryan E. , Courneya Kerry S. 
Published: March 2003

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the theory of planned behaviour's (TPB) mediating hypothesis between the five‐factor model of personality and exercise behaviour using an extended TPB model including concepts of affective and instrumental attitude, injunctive and descriptive norm, controllability, and selfefficacy. It was hypothesized that extraversion's activity facet would have a significant direct effect on exercise behaviour while controlling for the TPB, based on the presupposition that activity may represent a disposition that predicts exercise beyond planned behaviour.Design: To test the replicability of these findings, we examined this research question with undergraduate students prospectively and cancer survivors, using a cross‐sectional design.Results: Using structural equation modelling, the results indicated that activity had a significant effect (p < .05) on exercise behaviour (study 1 = .20; study 2 = .31) while controlling for the TPB.Conclusions: This study suggests the importance of extraversion's activity facet on exercise behaviour, even when controlling for a TPB model with additional socialcognitive concepts and disparate population samples.
Nutritional supplementation in older adults: Pleasantness, preference and selection of sip‐feeds
Authors: McAlpine S. J. , Harper J. , McMurdo M. E. T. , Bolton‐Smith C. , Hetherington M. M. 
Published: March 2003

Objectives: Malnourishment is common in older adults, and nutritional supplementation is used to improve body weight and well‐being. Clinical reports suggest, however, that patients routinely reject sip‐feeds. The present study examined the following questions: whether sip‐feeds are less preferred and less likely to be selected than other energy‐dense foods in healthy elders; and whether eating alone further reduces intake relative to eating in a social setting.Methods: Twenty‐one healthy older adults (aged 60‐79 years) attended the laboratory on three occasions. Subjects rated six different flavours of sip‐feed and then rated the pleasantness of the taste of the favoured flavour against five other energy‐dense familiar foods/drinks. Intake of these foods was measured when subjects ate alone or in a group of familiar others.Results: Favourite flavour of sip‐feed compared well with other more familiar foods and was selected as part of a snack. Snack intake increased by 60% when consumed in a group setting compared with eating alone.Conclusions: The study suggests that sip‐feeds are rated as pleasant and selected by free‐living elders. Rejection of sip‐feeds in hospitalized elders may relate more to loss of appetite than to the taste preference for sip‐feeds, and that eating alone rather than in groups of familiar others is likely to compound eating problems.
Predicting adherence to eye patching in children with amblyopia: An application of protection motivation theory
Authors: Norman Paul , Searle Aidan , Harrad Richard , Vedhara Kav 
Published: March 2003

Objectives: This study reports an application of protection motivation theory (PMT) to the prediction of parental adherence to eye patching recommendations for children with amblyopia over a 2‐month period. The study also considered the role of past behaviour in PMT.Design and methods: A total of 151 parents of children with amblyopia who were attending follow‐up appointments for orthoptic treatment participated. They completed questionnaires based on PMT to assess their beliefs about amblyopia and eye patching. Of the parents, 105 were contacted again at 2‐month follow‐up to obtain a measure of adherence to the recommended treatment for their child.Results: PMT was found to be predictive of adherence intentions and behaviour at 2‐month follow‐up. Regression analyses revealed perceived vulnerability, response efficacy and self‐efficacy to be significant predictors of protection motivation, whereas perceived vulnerability and response costs were significant predictors of adherence behaviour. Past adherence behaviour was found to have a direct effect on future adherence behaviour over and above the influence of PMT.Conclusions: The results are discussed in relation to the sufficiency of PMTas a model of adherence behaviour. The practical implications for attempts to increase adherence to eye patching among children with amblyopia are outlined.
A contemporary validation of the Reeder Stress Inventory
Authors: Metcalfe Chris , Smith George Davey , Wadsworth Emma , Sterne Jonathan A. C. , Heslop Pauline , Macleod John , Smith Andrew 
Published: March 2003

Objectives: To examine the construct validity of the RSI in a contemporary cohort. Design. A cross‐sectional investigation of 1,717 employed individuals who responded to the second stage of a study of occupational stress.Methods: Scores on the RSI are compared to smoking and drinking habits, social class, and two measures of health (number of days sick leave, and number of visits to a GP during the previous year). The RSI was compared to three questionnaires measuring concepts related to stress: the 12‐item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ‐12), the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and the Karasek Job Strain Questionnaire.Results: Higher levels of stress, as measured by the RSI, were associated with smoking a greater number of cigarettes, and, if the respondent drank alcohol, greater consumption of alcoholic drinks. High levels of stress were also associated with having taken more days sick leave, having made more frequent visits to a GP, and, somewhat unexpectedly, with being a teetotaller, and with holding a non‐manual occupation. Of the questionnaire measures, the strongest association was between the RSI and HADS anxiety subscale, consistent with an overlap between the concepts of stress and anxiety.Conclusions: This study supports the construct validity of the RSI in a sample of employed individuals.