bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Initial experience using histidine‐tryptophan‐ketoglutarate solution in clinical pancreas transplantation*
Authors: Potdar Santosh , Malek Sayeed , Eghtesad Bijan , Shapiro Ron , Basu Amit , Patel Kusum , Broznick Brian , Fung John 
Published: October 2004

Abstract:  Background:  The colloid‐based University of Wisconsin (UW) preservation solution has been used extensively in clinical pancreas transplantation. Experimental studies support the use of the crystalloid‐based histidine‐tryptophan‐ketoglutarate (HTK) preservation solution for this purpose.Aim:  We report our initial experience with HTK for pancreas allograft preservation and compare this to a contemporary experience with UW solution in conventional multiorgan deceased donors (<50 yr).Materials and methods:  Retrospectively collected information on 33 pancreas transplants between September 2001 and October 2002 were analyzed for early graft function and complications up to 30 d after procurement and storage in either HTK or UW solutions. During multi‐organ recovery, either UW solution (4–5 L) or HTK solution (8–10 L) was used for aortic perfusion and subsequent back‐table flush and storage. Exocrine drainage of 31 pancreas allografts was enteric, while the bladder was used for drainage in two cases. Patient outcomes were analyzed according to the preservation solution used. Sixteen pancreata were used in combination with a kidney allograft (SPK), seven were used in patients after prior kidney transplantation (PAK), while 10 were used in patients who were not in renal failure (PTA).Results:  The UW group consisted of 17 patients (10 SPK, three PAK, four PTA) with a mean donor age of 29.5 ± 10.7, and a mean cold ischemia time of 15.1 ± 2.1 h. The mean post‐transplant pancreas and kidney function on days 1 and 10 were amylase (315 and 99 IU/L), lipase (1727 and 346 IU/L), glucose (121 and 100 mg/dL) and creatinine (5.01 and 1.77 mg/dL). Patient and graft survival was 100% at 1‐month post transplant.In the HTK group there were 16 patients (six SPK, four PAK, six PTA) with a mean donor age 21.9 ± 5.7 and a mean cold ischemia time 14.0 ± 1.3 h. The mean post‐transplant pancreas and kidney function on days 1 and 10 were amylase (588 and 126 IU/L), lipase (4711 and 441 IU/L), glucose (97 and 109 mg/dL) and creatinine (5.28 and 2.42 mg/dL). Patient survival was 100% while graft survival was 94% at 1‐month post‐transplant.Conclusions:  Early graft function and complications are comparable with HTK and UW solutions for pancreas allograft preservation.
Knowledge and opinions about organ donation and transplantation among Vietnamese Americans in Seattle, Washington: a pilot study
Authors: Pham Hien , Spigner Clarence 
Published: October 2004

Abstract:  Background:  Racial/ethnic minorities comprise almost 50% of registrants on national waiting lists for organ transplantation in the USA. As the list continues to expand, organ shortage becomes a bigger problem. Increasing donation rates especially among racial minority groups would lower the waiting times for these groups.Purpose:  Asian Americans are among the fastest growing and most diverse ethnic group in the USA, but research on their knowledge or opinions about organ donation is rare.Population:  A non‐random sample of 350 Vietnamese American church attendees and students attending a major university in Seattle (Washington), was drawn.Methods:  A self‐administered 39‐item knowledge/opinion‐based survey was conducted during June to August 2003.Results:  Of 278 respondents (a 79.7% response rate), 69.1% knew blood‐type made a difference in donation (p = 0.000), 61.6% knew transplant survival rates were high (p = 0.000), and 75.9% knew transplants could come from living donors (p = 0.000). But 53.4% also thought organs could be sold for money in the USA (p = 0.000), and 49.8% thought more people died of auto accidents and gunshot wounds than from heart disease (p = 0.000). Those who answered correctly to more than 50% of the knowledge questions were also more likely to favor donation (p = 0.007).Conclusion:  We found among this study population that having correct knowledge about organ donation related to a willingness to donate.
Psychological effects of living related kidney transplantation – risks and chances
Authors: Heck Gretel , Schweitzer Jochen , Seidel‐Wiesel Maria 
Published: October 2004

Abstract:  Background:  Recipients of living donor kidney transplantation hope for an improved physical well‐being after transplant. Furthermore the patients and their relatives frequently expect an improvement in their psychological findings in consequence of the living related transplantation. The present study examines the psychosocial effects of living donor kidney transplantation for donors and recipients under successful as well as complicated circumstances.Material and methods:  Based on 31 catamnestic interviews of recipient–donor couples and a content analysis of these interviews, hypotheses regarding the psychological requirements for a successful progression of a living kidney donation are deduced and put forward.Results:  The aspiration for an improvement of psychological problems, particularly anxiety and depression, as an effect of transplantation can on the basis of the present results not be supported. Living donor kidney transplantation between close recipient and donors must not be regarded as a means to solve psychological problems and familial conflicts. An attitude characterized by realistic and modest expectations as well as relationships, which have been cleared of extreme conflicts prior to the transplantation could facilitate a favourable psychological progression.
Cardiovascular responses during bed‐to‐wheelchair transfers in frail elderly who live at home*
Authors: Hagiwara Akiko , Kanagawa Katsuko 
Published: October 2004

Background:  The objective of this study is to determine the changes in cardiovascular responses during bed‐to‐wheelchair transfers in frail elderly people living at home and to determine the differences associated with different methods of transfer.Methods:  Cardiovascular responses during such transfers were measured in 22 frail elderly subjects (mean age, 79.7 years) and 11 healthy elderly subjects (mean age, 79.8 years) living at home. The frail elderly subjects consisted of: 11 subjects who required additional help during the transfer; and 11 subjects who could perform the transfer either with some help or independently.Results:  In the healthy subjects, diastolic blood pressure increased significantly 15 min after the transfer compared with the pretransfer measurement (P < 0.05). In the dependent group, there was no significant change in blood pressure after the transfer in three subjects. Only four subjects exhibited normal heart rate variability after the transfer. In the partially dependent or independent group, there was a significant increase in blood pressure just after the transfer (P < 0.05). The change in mean blood pressure in the dependent group was significantly lower than that of the partially dependent or independent group from just before the transfer to 15 min after the transfer (P < 0.05).Conclusion:  These results suggest poor cardiovascular responsiveness in the ‘dependent’ subjects. In partially dependent or independent patients, independent transfers might result in cardiac overload. Blood pressure responses during bed‐to‐wheelchair transfers in frail elderly subjects living at home might differ according to the method of transfer.
Lifelong learning and second‐order learning objects
Authors: Allert Heidrun , Richter Christoph , Nejdl Wolfgang 
Published: October 2004

AbstractCurrent cultural, social, and economic trends challenge traditional concepts of learning and lifelong learning. This paper draws on the twofold nature of learning in a knowledge society and explores options for technological support. The concept of Second‐Order Learning Objects is introduced as a potential means to foster generative learning. Generative learning goes beyond that what is already known and extends or transforms the socially shared knowledge including its artefacts and practices. According to the notion of individual and social learning as a process of reflective action, the role of strategies and media for reflection and inquiry is stressed. This paper outlines the use of schematically represented strategies for learning and reflection and sketches important features of a pursuant modelling approach.
E‐portfolios: an assessment tool for online courses
Authors: Mason Robin , Pegler Chris , Weller Martin 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThis article considers the various uses of e‐portfolios in an educational context and looks at the particular characteristics of the electronic version of portfolios. It then focuses on the application of the e‐portfolio as an assessment method. A case is made for the use of the e‐portfolio as an appropriate end of course assessment process where learning objects are the basis of the course design. Evaluation data from such a course is presented. This is a post‐graduate online course run by the Institute of Educational Technology at the Open University. Conclusions are drawn from the evaluation about the appropriateness of e‐portfolios as an end of course assessment method.
Sectoral Selection and Informality: a Nicaraguan Case Study
Authors: Pisani Michael J. , Pagán José A. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractUsing microdata from the 1998 and 1993 Nicaraguan Living Standards Measurement Survey, this paper analyzes the relative size and attractiveness of formal and informal sector employment. Switching regression models of the formal/informal sector employment choice indicate that education across years and gender are the primary determinants of formal sector participation. Furthermore, the formal sector is characterized by positive selection. The results for the informal sector are less definitive, but are also suggestive of positive selection. These findings imply that the informal and formal sectors in Nicaragua contribute positively to the overall economy by attracting those individuals best suited for (in)formal sector employment.
Strategic Complementarity in Direct Investments
Authors: Matsumura Toshihiro 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThe paper investigates a three‐country duopoly model. Two developed countries have large markets and one developing country has a cost advantage. The author finds that strategic complementarity in location choice yields multiple equilibria. One is a cost‐oriented agglomeration of firms in the developing country and the other is a market‐oriented equilibrium where each firm locates in its developed home country. Also, private incentives for the cost‐oriented location are excessive (resp. insufficient) from the viewpoint of world welfare if firms choose their locations non‐cooperatively (resp. cooperatively).
Macroeconomic Effects of Capital Account Liberalization: the Case of Korea
Authors: Kim Soyoung , Kim Sunghyun Henry , Wang Yunjong 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThe macroeconomic effects of capital account liberalization in Korea are examined. Simple data analysis suggests that capital account liberalization substantially changed the nature and composition of capital flows. Based on the VAR model, the authors find the following stylized facts. First, after capital market liberalization, capital flows become less driven by current account imbalances and therefore become more autonomous. Second, capital account liberalization significantly changes the effects of capital flows on macroeconomic variables. Third, capital account liberalization is highly related to consumption and investment booms, and subsequent appreciation of nominal and real exchange rates, which leads to the current account worsening. Finally, there is strong evidence of sterilized foreign exchange market intervention in response to capital inflows.
Working hard at giving it away: Lord Duveen, the British Museum and the Elgin marbles
Authors: Kehoe Elisabeth 
Published: October 2004

Abstract
In September 1928, just after the publication of the report of the royal commission on National Museums and Galleries, the art dealer Sir Joseph Duveen wrote to his good friend Edgar Vincent, Viscount D'Abernon, who had chaired the commission, offering to pay for a new gallery at the British Museum to house the Parthenon, or Elgin, marbles. The new gallery cost over £100,000 and took ten years to complete, during which time Duveen worked hard to impose his vision of a new gallery – a vision often at odds with that of the Museum establishment, and one that generated controversy, including the unauthorized cleaning of the marbles.
CONSENT, COMMODIFICATION AND BENEFIT‐SHARING IN GENETIC RESEARCH1
Authors: DICKENSON DONNA 
Published: October 2004

ABSTRACTThe global value of the biotechnology industry is now estimated at 17 billion dollars, with over 1300 firms involved as of the year 2000.2 It has been said that ‘What we are witnessing is nothing less than a new kind of gold rush, and the territory is the body.’ As in previous gold rushes, prospectors are flooding into unexplored and ‘wide open’ territories from all over the world, with possible ramifications for exploitation of Third World populations. These territories are also the Wild West of bioethics insofar as the law has very little hold on them: existing medical and patent law, such as the Moore and Chakrabarty cases, exert little control over powerful economic interests in both the United States and Europe.In the absence of a unified and consistent law on property in the body, the focus is increasingly on refining the consent approach to rights in human tissue and the human genome, with sensitive and promising developments from the Human Genetics Commission and the Department for International Development consultation on intellectual property. These developments incorporate the views of vulnerable genetic communities such as Native Americans or some Third World populations, and should be welcomed because they recognise the power imbalance between such groups and First World researchers or firms. However, they also highlight the continued tension about what is really wrong with commodifying human tissue or the human genome. Where’s the injustice, and can it be solved by a more sophisticated consent procedure?
Mycobacterium marinum infection of the hand
Authors: RAJADHYAKSHA Samir Anil , KONG Kok Ooi , LIAN Tsui Yee , GOH Lesley‐Ann Hui Huan , FENG Pao Hsii 
Published: October 2004

Abstract Mycobacterium marinum is an atypical mycobacterium which may cause skin infections, tenosynovitis, arthritis, and osteomyelitis, especially in association with exposure to marine environments. We describe a 59‐year‐old chef with left wrist dorsal tenosynovitis and left third metacarpophalangeal synovitis due to M. marinum. Ultrasonography assisted in confirming the diagnosis of tenosynovitis and obtaining tissue for culture. In comparison to CT scan and MRI scan, ultrasonography has the advantage of being a cheaper imaging modality with no risk of radiation.
Rheumatic disease in the Australian Aborigine of Cape York Peninsula: a 1965 study
Authors: DOUGLAS William Alexander 
Published: October 2004

AbstractAim:  To study the prevalence of rheumatic disorders in two Aboriginal populations on the western coast of Cape York Peninsula.Methods:  Physical and radiological examination of 217 adult Aborigines at Aurukun Aboriginal Mission and 71 Aboriginal adults at Weipa Mission. The study was performed in October 1965.Results:  Mild to moderate degenerative arthritis was not uncommon in the populations examined. However, generalised or nodal osteoarthritis was not seen. One young woman had definite sero‐positive rheumatoid arthritis. This woman's appearance suggested some Torres Strait Islander influence. No case of gouty arthritis or classical ankylosing spondylitis was encountered. An incidental finding of retrospective interest was that the calculated body mass index showed that the majority of adults were underweight by Caucasian standards.Conclusions:  These findings are of historic interest given the health impacts of social, cultural and environmental circumstances of Aborigines currently reported.
Weather changes and pain in rheumatology patients
Authors: NG Jennifer , SCOTT David , TANEJA Ashish , GOW Peter , GOSAI Ashmita 
Published: October 2004

AbstractObjective:  Many rheumatology patients report exacerbation of joint symptoms with weather changes. We report the first of a two‐part study on the influence of weather on rheumatological conditions. This survey aims to describe perceived weather sensitivity in our patient population.Methods:  Two hundred rheumatology patients seen consecutively in a tertiary hospital were given a 10‐item questionnaire (Jamieson). This questionnaire has been well validated with good test‐retest reliability (r = 0.91) and ability to distinguish patients with weather sensitivity. New patients and soft tissue clinic patients were not included.Results:  Seventy‐four percent of patients reported weather sensitivity, with humidity and low temperature reported most frequently as being associated with worsening of symptoms (66% and 72%, respectively). Seventy percent of weather sensitive subjects described pain exacerbation prior and/or during weather changes. Various rheumatological conditions had similar rates of weather sensitivity, except fibromyalgia which reported 100% weather sensitivity.Conclusion:  A significant proportion of rheumatology patients report weather sensitivities. Further studies would be useful to further explore actual versus perceived effects of weather as this may have behavioural, housing and medical implications. Our discussion includes a brief summary of current literature and various postulates why patients may have increased weather sensitivity.
Musculoskeletal medicine: the challenge of the Bone and Joint Decade
Authors: BROOKS P. M. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThe Bone and Joint Decade (2000–2010) provides a catalyst for the further development of musculoskeletal medicine. The Bone and Joint Decade (BJD) provides an opportunity to bring together industry, governments, health professionals and patients to further research education and services in musculoskeletal diseases.The challenges for musculoskeletal medicine include an ageing population suffering increasingly from chronic multisystem disease, new technologies including pharmaceuticals, biomaterials and prostheses which come at increasing cost, and a health system which is increasingly required to focus on cost‐effectiveness, patient outcomes and patient involvement.All those involved in providing services in the area of musculoskeletal medicine have an opportunity to work together and create new systems of healthcare delivery. This is likely to involve a blurring of the barriers between the specialties and the health professions themselves to create a more sustainable, outcomes‐orientated health delivery system. It may lead to task substitution within the musculoskeletal health professionals, the emergence of new forms of ‘generic’ musculoskeletal health professionals and significant changes in the way we delivery education and research. The new ‘musculoskeletal medicine’ will depend much more on inter‐professional training, multidisciplinary research and team management with a patient outcome focus.
Changing practice: The National Literacy Strategy and the politics of literacy policy
Authors: Moss Gemma 
Published: October 2004

AbstractDrawing on a recent ESRC‐funded research project,1 this paper will explore some of the contradictory structural features of the National Literacy Strategy (NLS), which have helped shape its evolution over time, and reflect on some of the tension points which have arisen at different levels of implementation as the Strategy unfolds. In the process, the paper will consider NLS not so much as a neutral means of transferring ‘what works’ from one site to another, but rather as itself constituting a new social context in which literacy teaching and learning take place. It will pay particular attention to the new pace of teaching that NLS has ushered in and the way in which this is driven by the kind of planning regime that NLS introduced.
Constructs of teacher professionalism within a changing literacy landscape
Authors: Bryan Hazel 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThis paper argues that the work of teachers in England's primary schools has been reconstructed. It is proposed that the literacy curriculum has been a major factor in this reconstruction. The paper suggests that the purposes of literacy today have been determined by policy makers, and that the nature of policy texts has changed, hardened, into specific requirements. It argues that the role of the policy driver has been fundamental in this era, influential in the contexts of policy making, policy text production and teacher training. The paper develops by proposing that there is an emerging model of professionalism today largely determined by two key figures: the Policy Driver, and the Practice Driver, or Headteacher. These two figures are at the meeting place of policy and practice and assume the mantle of ‘reality definers’ for the process of literacy education in English primary schools.
Social interaction and language use in Irish infant classrooms in the context of the revised Irish Primary School Curriculum (1999)
Authors: Murphy Brian 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThis article concerns the gap between government intention and classroom outcome. The author examines the treatment of spoken language in the Revised Irish Curriculum, which came into effect in 1999. He finds much to be commended in the recognition of its central role in learning. He then examines the implementation of this curriculum with children of 5 to 6 years, in fifteen Senior Infant classrooms. Extensive observations and interviews lead him to the view that pupil talk is still seen by most of the teachers observed as a distraction from the essential business of education, namely listening, reading and writing. The interviews revealed that these teachers did not seem to understand the important role of dialogue and discussion in developing learning or recognize the need to promote sustematically opportunities for oral interactions. He concludes that educational change cannot be achieved simply by producing new curriculum statements.
LOW CROSSTALK ADDRESS ENCODINGS FOR OPTICAL MESSAGE SWITCHING SYSTEMS
Authors: BEN-ASHER YOSI , SCHUSTER ASSAF 
Published: October 2004

An optical message switching system delivers messages from N sources to N destinations using beams of light. The redirection of the beams involves vector-matrix multiplication and a threshold operation. The input vectors are set by the sources and may be viewed as the addresses of the desired destinations. In a massively parallel system, it is highly desirable to reduce the number of threshold (non-linear) elements, which require extra wiring and increase clock skew. Moreover, the threshold devices have a sensitivity parameter (implied by the technology) defined as the gap in which the outcome of the device is not determined. This gap is largely effected by the crosstalk which is the maximum number of joint set bits in any pair of addresses, implying a lower bound on the maximum intensity for which the outcome of the threshold operation is determined. In this work we consider the design of addresses which are both short (so that the number of threshold devices is reduced) and have low crosstalk (so that the sensitivity gap may grow). We show that addresses of O( log N) bits exist, for which the crosstalk is a constant fraction of the number of set bits in each address, hence allowing for a Θ( log N) sized sensitivity gap. More generally, we show the precise coefficient which depends on the desired gap. It is established that when using O( log N) bit addresses, the crosstalk cannot be further reduced. An exact construction of O( log 2 N) bit addresses is given, where the involved constant depends on the desired crosstalk. Finally we describe briefly the basic optical elements that can be used in order to construct a message switching system which use these address schemes.