bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expression of different NF‐κB pathway genes in dendritic cells (DCs) or macrophages assessed by gene expression profiling
Authors: Baltathakis Ioannis , Alcantara Orlando , Boldt David H. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractNF‐κB/Rel transcription factors have been implicated in the differentiation of monocytes to either dendritic cells (DCs) or macrophages, as well as in the maturation of DCs from antigen‐processing to antigen‐presenting cells. Recent studies of the expression pattern of Rel proteins and their inhibitors (IκBs) suggest that their regulation during this differentiation process is transcriptional. To investigate differential gene expression between macrophages and DCs, we used commercially available gene microarrays (GEArray KIT), which included four of the NF‐κB/Rel family genes (p50/p105, p52/p100, RelB, and c‐rel) and 32 additional genes either in the NF‐κB signal transduction pathway or under transcriptional control of NF‐κB/Rel factors. To generate macrophages and DCs, human adherent peripheral blood monocytes were cultured with M‐CSF or GM‐CSF + IL‐4 respectively for up to 8 days. DCs (and in some experiments, macrophages) were treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for the last 48 h of culture to induce maturation. Cells were harvested after 7 days, cDNA was prepared and radiolabeled with α‐32P‐dCTP, then hybridized to gene arrays containing specific gene probes. β‐actin and GAPDH or PUC18 oligonucleotides served as positive or negative controls, respectively. The expression of all four NF‐κB/Rel family genes examined was significantly upregulated in maturing DCs compared to macrophages. The strongest difference was observed for c‐rel. RT‐PCR determinations of c‐rel, RelB, and p105 mRNAs confirmed these observations. Among the 32 NF‐κB/Rel pathway genes, 14 were upregulated in mature DCs compared to macrophages. These genes were IκBα, IKK‐β, NIK, ICAM‐1, P‐selectin, E‐selectin, TNF‐α, TNFR2, TNFAIP3, IL‐1α, IL‐1R1, IL‐1R2, IRAK, and TANK. By contrast, only mcp‐1 (monocyte chemotactic protein 1) was upregulated in macrophages compared to DCs. NF‐κB pathway genes upregulated in DCs compared to macrophages were constitutively expressed in monocytes then selectively downregulated during macrophage but not DC differentiation. LPS did not induce expression of most of these genes in macrophages but LPS did induce upregulation of IL‐8 in mature macrophages. We conclude that NF‐κB/Rel family genes, especially c‐rel, are selectively expressed during differentiation of monocytes towards DCs. Moreover, this differential expression is associated both with activation of different NF‐κB signal transduction pathways in DCs and macrophages and with expression of a unique subset of genes in DCs that are transcriptionally targeted by NF‐κB/Rel factors. The results illustrate the ability of the NF‐κB pathway to respond to differentiation stimuli by activating in a cell‐specific manner unique signalling pathways and subsets of NF‐κB target genes. J. Cell. Biochem. 83: 281–290, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Isomers of C20: An energy profile
Authors: Greene Katherine R. , Beran Kyle A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractSemiempirical calucaltions, at the PM 3 level, are used to geometrically optimize and determine the absolute energies (heats of formation) of a variety of C20 isomers. Based on the geometrically optimized Cartesian coordinates of the ring and the bowl isomers, and the subsequent saddle‐point calculation, a two‐dimensional energy profile between these two isomers is generated. Performing geometry optimization on the Cartesian coordinates that correspond to energy minima within the ring–bowl profile, we have been able to identify several more isomers of C20 that are predicted to be energitically stable. With these additional stable structures, we have identified pairs of isomers that lie adjacent to one another on the potential energy surface, as is evidenced by the form of their respective energy profiles. These adjacent pairs of isomers establish a step‐wise transformation between the ring and the bowl. This process, which extends out over the three‐dimensional surface, is predicted to require less energy than that of the direct, two‐dimensional transformation predicted in the ring–bowl profile. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 23: 938–942, 2002
Large set of P3‐decompositions
Authors: Kang Qingde , Zhang Yanfang 
Published: August 2002

AbstractLet G=(V(G),E(G)) be a graph. A (n,G, λ)‐GD is a partition of the edges of λKn into subgraphs (G‐blocks), each of which is isomorphic to G. The (n,G,λ)‐GD is named as graph design for G or G‐decomposition. The large set of (n,G,λ)‐GD is denoted by (n,G,λ)‐LGD. In this work, we obtain the existence spectrum of (n,P3,λ)‐LGD. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Combin Designs 10: 151–159, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/jcd.10008
Pathways from family economic conditions to adolescents' distress: Supportive parenting, stressors outside the family, and deviant peers
Authors: Barrera Manuel , Prelow Hazel M. , Dumka Larry E. , Gonzales Nancy A. , Knight George P. , Michaels Marcia L. , Roosa Mark W. , Tein JennYun 
Published: August 2002

AbstractEconomic hardship is a stressor that affects large numbers of children and their families. This study estimated a model that included pathways linking economic conditions to the internalizing and externalizing symptoms of a multiethnic sample of urban adolescents. Similar to other prominent models, this model included parental distress and parenting as key constructs, but the expanded ecological model also included stressors outside the family and adolescents' associations with deviant peers as possible explanatory factors. Data from 300 adolescents and their parents were consistent with a model that showed linkages between economic conditions, parental depressive symptoms, supportive parenting, and internalizing symptoms. Stressors outside the family were associated with deviant peer affiliations which, in turn, predicted internalizing and externalizing symptoms. The implications of these findings for understanding economic conditions' influence on adolescents' mental health are discussed. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Correspondence between youth report and census measures of neighborhood context
Authors: Herrenkohl Todd I. , Hawkins J. David , Abbott Robert D. , Guo Jie 
Published: August 2002

AbstractMany studies that have examined neighborhood factors as predictors of crime have used census data. Exclusive use of these data limits the range of neighborhood factors that can be assessed and the frequency with which assessments can be made. Surveys of neighborhood residents provide an alternative data source. However, survey data have been viewed as reflecting the individual perceptions of respondents rather than characteristics of neighborhoods themselves. This study sought to determine whether survey data could be used to measure neighborhood context and whether data from nonrepresentative samples of youth are adequate to do so. This was achieved by examining the consistency between measures of neighborhood disadvantage/disorganization developed from the 1990 national census and from surveys of youth given in the same year as part of the Seattle Social Development Project (SSDP). The study found strong correspondence between the contemporaneous measures. The results suggest that survey data can be used to measure neighborhood factors. Advantages of this method are discussed. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cultural factors in help‐seeking for child behavior problems: Value orientation, affective responding, and severity appraisals among Chinese‐American parents
Authors: Lau Anna , Takeuchi David 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis study explored the relationships between cultural values, appraisal of child behavior problems, and associated help‐seeking intentions among Chinese‐American parents. Questionnaires were administered to 120 Chinese‐American parents of elementary‐school‐aged children. Parents were asked how they might respond if their child displayed the behavioral problems depicted in a hypothetical vignette. Influences of Chinese value orientation, severity appraisal, and affective reactions on help‐seeking intentions were examined using regression analyses and structural equation modeling. The study examined three hypotheses regarding the nature of the influence of cultural value orientation on help‐seeking intentions: (a) a direct effect model, (b) an indirect effect through cultural differences in severity appraisal, and (c) an indirect effect through cultural differences in affective responding. Results supported the hypothesis that cultural value orientation exerted an indirect effect on help‐seeking intentions through its influence on affective responding. Those parents who had more traditional Chinese values responded with more feelings of shame to child behavior problems and, in turn, reported lower intentions to seek help. Findings are discussed with reference to the literature on help‐seeking among Asian Americans. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
CCKB/gastrin receptor mediates synergistic stimulation of DNA synthesis and cyclin D1, D3, and E expression in Swiss 3T3 cells
Authors: Zhukova Elena , Sinnett‐Smith James , Wong Helen , Chiu Terence , Rozengurt Enrique 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn order to develop a model system for identifying signaling pathways and cell cycle events involved in gastrin‐mediated mitogenesis, we have used high efficiency retroviral‐mediated transfection of cholecystokinin (CCK)B/gastrin receptor into Swiss 3T3 cells. The retrovirally‐transfected CCKB/gastrin receptor binds 125I‐CCK‐8 with high affinity (Kd = 1.1 nM) and is functionally coupled to intracellular signaling pathways including rapid and transient increase in Ca2+ fluxes, protein kinase C‐dependent protein kinase D activation, and MEK‐dependent ERK1/2 activation. In the presence of insulin, CCK‐8 or gastrin induced a 66.5 ± 8.8‐fold (mean ± SEM, n = 24 in eight independent experiments) increase in cellular DNA synthesis, reaching a level similar to that achieved by stimulation with a saturating concentration of fresh serum, and much greater than the response to each agonist added alone. CCK‐8 also induced a striking increase in the expression of cyclins D1, D3, and E and hyperphosphorylation of Rb acting synergistically with insulin. Similar effects were observed when CCKB/gastrin receptor was activated in the presence of EGF or bombesin. Our results demonstrate that activation of CCKB/gastrin receptor retrovirally‐transfected into Swiss 3T3 induces a potent synergistic effect on DNA synthesis, accumulation of cyclins D1, D3, and E and hyperphosphorylation of Rb in combination with insulin, EGF, or bombesin. Thus, the CCKB/gastrin receptor transfected into Swiss 3T3 cells provides a novel model system to elucidate mitogenic signal transduction pathways and cell cycle events activated via this receptor. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
BMP‐2 and BMP‐9 promotes chondrogenic differentiation of human multipotential mesenchymal cells and overcomes the inhibitory effect of IL‐1
Authors: Majumdar Manas Kumar , Wang Eunice , Morris Elisabeth Ann 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBone morphogenetic proteins play important roles in connective tissue morphogenesis. In this study, we used human multipotential mesenchymal cells as a target to analyze the effect of bone morphogenetic proteins on chondrogenesis. We also analyzed the effect of proinflammatory cytokine interleukin‐1 on chondrogenic‐differentiated cells and the interaction of IL‐1β with bone morphogenetic proteins. Cells placed in a 3‐dimensional matrix of alginate beads and cultured in a serum‐free media with bone morphogenetic protein‐2 and ‐9 induced expression of type II collagen (Col2A1) mRNA and increased expression of aggrecan and cartilage oligomeric matrix protein suggesting chondrogenic differentiation of the cells. The transcription factor Sox‐9 that regulates both Col2A1 and aggrecan gene expression showed increased expression with BMP treatment. Chondrogenic differentiated cells treated with interleukin‐1 decreased Sox‐9, Col2A1 and aggrecan gene expression. Removal of interleukin‐1 and further addition of bone morphogenetic proteins resulted in returned expression of chondrogenic markers. Chondrogenic differentiated cells cultured in the presence of different concentrations of bone morphogenetic proteins and interleukin‐1 showed that bone morphogenetic proteins were able to partially block the suppressive effect of interleukin‐1. This study shows that bone morphogenetic proteins play an important role in chondrogenesis and may prove to be potential therapeutics in cartilage repair. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Roads to polyploidy: The megakaryocyte example
Authors: Ravid Katya , Lu Jun , Zimmet Jeffrey M. , Jones Matthew R. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractPolyploidy, recognized by multiple copies of the haploid chromosome number, has been described in plants, insects, and in mammalian cells such as, the platelet precursors, the megakaryocytes. Several of these cell types reach high ploidy via a different cell cycle. Megakaryocytes undergo an endomitotic cell cycle, which consists of an S phase interrupted by a gap, during which the cells enter mitosis but skip anaphase B and cytokinesis. Here, we review the mechanisms that lead to this cell cycle and to polyploidy in megakaryocytes, while also comparing them to those described for other systems in which high ploidy is achieved. Overall, polyploidy is associated with an orchestrated change in expression of several genes, of which, some may be a result of high ploidy and hence a determinant of a new cell physiology, while others are inducers of polyploidization. Future studies will aim to further explore these two groups of genes. J. Cell. Physiol. 190: 7–20, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Lipopolysaccharide supports survival and fusion of preosteoclasts independent of TNF‐α, IL‐1, and RANKL
Authors: Suda Koji , Woo Je‐Tae , Takami Masamichi , Sexton Patrick M. , Nagai Kazuo 
Published: August 2002

AbstractLipopolysaccharide (LPS), a cell component of Gram‐negative bacteria, is a pathogen of inflammatory bone loss. To examine the effects of LPS on the survival and fusion of osteoclasts, mononuclear osteoclasts (preosteoclasts, pOCs) were collected from a mouse co‐culture system and cultured in the presence or absence of LPS. Most pOCs died within 24 h in the absence of any stimulus. LPS as well as receptor activator of NF‐κB ligand (RANKL) supported the survival of pOCs, and induced their fusion to form multinucleated cells (MNCs). Like authentic osteoclasts, MNCs induced by LPS expressed calcitonin receptors, and formed actin rings on culture plates. LPS‐induced MNC formation in pOC cultures was observed even in the presence of osteoprotegerin and interleukin (IL)‐1‐receptor antagonists. MNC formation was also stimulated by LPS in pOC cultures prepared from tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐receptor‐I or TNF‐receptor‐II deficient mice. LPS induced the degradation of IκB in pOCs within 20 min. Lactacystin, an inhibitor of NF‐κB activation, and wortmannin, an inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol‐3 kinase, strongly inhibited LPS‐induced MNC formation in pOC cultures. LPS induced pit‐forming activity of pOCs in the presence of macrophage‐colony stimulating factor (M‐CSF). These findings suggest that LPS stimulates the survival and fusion of pOCs, independent of RANKL, IL‐1 or TNF‐α action. Activation of NF‐κB and phosphatidylinositol‐3 kinase appeared to be involved in LPS‐induced effects on pOCs. These observations suggest that LPS is involved directly in inflammatory bone loss, and also indirectly through the production of LPS‐induced host factors such as IL‐1 and TNF‐α. J. Cell. Physiol. 190: 101–108, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of protein kinase inhibitors on the stretch‐elicited c‐Fos and c‐Jun up‐regulation in human PDL osteoblast‐like cells
Authors: Kletsas Dimitris , Basdra Efthimia K. , Papavassiliou Athanasios G. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractOsteoblastic cells transduce signals of mechanical loading that plays a key role in maintaining bone formation. In an attempt to elucidate the biochemical events associated with the conversion of mechanical stress to biological outcome, we examined cultured human periodontal ligament (hPDL) osteoblastic cells exposed to continuous stretch, in terms of cellular parameters correlating known signaling cascades to the initial phase of osteoblast‐specific transcriptional control. Time‐course experiments revealed that mechanical stretch‐loaded hPDL cells exhibit a very rapid and relatively sustained increase in the abundance of the immediate‐early gene products, c‐Fos and c‐Jun, components of the activator protein‐1 (AP‐1) transcription factor. Moreover, this increase in protein levels was accompanied by hyperphosphorylation and thereby potentiation of c‐Jun, the principal modulator of AP‐1 activity. Importantly, these inductive effects were partly or completely abolished by pre‐incubating the cells with SB 203580, PD 098059, and the novel compound Y‐27632, inhibitors of p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK), MAPK kinase (MEK), and Rho‐associated protein kinase (RhoK), respectively. These results consolidate AP‐1 as the pivotal downstream effector in the early response of hPDL cells to continuous mechanical stretching, via the coordinate stimulation of de novo synthesis and post‐translational regulation of AP‐1 proteins. This “integrating” function of AP‐1 is mediated through a mechanotransduction circuit that incorporates elements of well‐defined upstream signaling protein kinase systems. J. Cell. Physiol. 190: 313–321, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Induction of KDR expression in bovine arterial endothelial cells by thrombin: Involvement of nitric oxide
Authors: Wang Jie , Morita Ikuo , Onodera Mitsue , Murota Sei‐itsu 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThrombin, a multifunctional serine protease, is generated at the site with vascular injuries. It not only participates in the coagulation cascade, but also can induce a lot of events related to cell mitogenesis and migration. In this study, we investigated the effect of thrombin on endothelial cell proliferation induced by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Thrombin promoted proliferation of cultured bovine carotid endothelial cells in a time‐ and dose‐dependent manner. Moreover, it drastically enhanced the cell growth stimulated by VEGF. This stimulatory effect was reduced by inhibitors of either protein kinase C (PKC) or mitogen‐activated protein kinase kinase (MAPKK). Thrombin induced a significant increase in the level of mRNA of the kinase domain‐containing receptor (KDR), but not tms‐like tyrosine kinase (Flt‐1), in a time‐dependent manner, which reached the maximum after 24 h of stimulation. This increase coincides well with the KDR protein expression. The luciferase assay showed that thrombin induced an about 7.5‐fold increase in the KDR promoter activity compared with the control. This enhanced KDR promoter activity was also abolished by inhibitors of either PKC or MAPKK. The deletion analyses indicated that the region between −115 and −97 (containing Sp1 binding region) within the KDR promoter gene was required for the enhanced KDR expression induced by thrombin and VEGF. Moreover, the nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor abolished both the accelerated cell proliferation and the increased KDR expression induced by thrombin and VEGF. This inhibition was abrogated by DETA NONOate, a NO donor with long half‐life. These findings suggest that thrombin might potentiate the VEGF‐induced angiogenic activity through increasing the level of the VEGF receptor KDR, in which production of NO is involved. J. Cell. Physiol. 190: 238–250, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Stimulation of the proliferation and differentiation of mouse pink‐eyed dilution epidermal melanocytes by excess tyrosine in serum‐free primary culture
Authors: Hirobe Tomohisa , Wakamatsu Kazumasa , Ito Shosuke , Abe Hiroyuki , Kawa Yoko , Mizoguchi Masako 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe epidermal cell suspensions of the neonatal dorsal skin derived from wild type mouse at the pink‐eyed dilution (p) locus (black, C57BL/10JHir‐P/P) and their congenic mutant mouse (pink‐eyed dilution, C57BL/10JHir‐p/p) were cultured with a serum‐free melanocyte growth medium supplemented with additional L‐tyrosine (Tyr) from initiation of the primary culture. L‐Tyr inhibited the proliferation of P/P melanocytes in a dose‐dependent manner, whereas L‐Tyr stimulated the proliferation of p/p melanoblasts and melanocytes regardless of dose. On the other hand, L‐Tyr stimulated (P/P) or induced (p/p) the differentiation of epidermal melanocytes in a dose‐dependent manner. In both P/P and p/p melanoblasts and melanocytes cultured with 2.0 mM L‐Tyr for 14 days, slight increases in contents of eumelanin marker, pyrrole‐2,3,5‐tricarboxylic acid (PTCA) and pheomelanin marker, aminohydroxyphenylalanine (AHP) were observed. The average number of total melanosomes (stages I, II, III, and IV) per P/P melanocyte was not changed by L‐Tyr treatment, but the proportion of stage IV melanosomes in the total melanosomes was increased. On the contrary, in p/p melanoblasts and melanocytes L‐Tyr increased dramatically the number of stage II, III, and IV melanosomes as well as the proportion of stage III melanosomes. Contents of PTCA and eumelanin precursor, 5,6‐dihydroxyindole‐2‐carboxylic acid (DHICA) of cultured media in p/p melanocytes were much more greatly increased than in P/P melanocytes. However, contents of AHP and pheomelanin precursor, 5‐S‐cysteinyldopa (5‐S‐CD) of cultured media in p/p melanocytes were increased in a similar tendency to P/P melanocytes. These results suggest that p/p melanocytes in the primary culture are induced to synthesize eumelanin by excess L‐Tyr, but difficult to accumulate them in melanosomes. J. Cell. Physiol. 191: 162–172, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Febrile and acute hyperthermia enhance TNF‐induced necrosis of murine L929 fibrosarcoma cells via caspase‐regulated production of reactive oxygen intermediates
Authors: Leroux E. , Auzenne E. , Weidner D. , Wu Z.Y. , Donato N.J. , Klostergaard J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractPrevious studies have demonstrated the essential role of TNF‐induced reactive oxygen intermediates (ROI) in the necrosis of L929 cells. We investigated the molecular basis for the interaction of hyperthermia and TNF in these cells. Hyperthermia, both febrile (40.0–40.5°C) and acute (41.5–41.8°C), strongly potentiated TNF killing, and sensistization was significantly quenched by the antioxidant, BHA. The broad‐spectrum caspase inhibitor, Z‐VAD, has been shown to markedly increase the TNF sensitivity of L929 cells at 37°C; we observed that hyperthermia would also enhance the sensitivity of L929 cells to TNF + Z− VAD and that BHA could significantly quench the response, as well. The basis for hyperthermic potentiation was unlikely thermally‐increased sensitivity to ROI, as treatment with hydrogen peroxide for 24 h killed L929 cells essentially equivalently, whether incubated continuously at 37°C or at 40.0–40.5°C, or for 2 h at 41.5–41.8°C. However, febrile and acute hyperthermia markedly increased TNF‐induced production of ROI, with or without Z‐VAD. Hyperthermia dramatically accelerated the onset of this production, as well as the onset of necrotic death, as determined by oxidation of dihydro‐rhodamine and propidium iodide staining, respectively, both of which were significantly quenchable with BHA. We conclude that hyperthermia potentiates TNF‐mediated killing in this cell model primarily by increasing the afferent, and not the efferent, phase of TNF‐induced necrosis. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.