bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recorded Loneliness and Adverse Outcomes in Older Acute Care Inpatients Receiving Psychiatric Assessment
Authors: Joseph Moyenda , Lockie Kate , Mbazira Agnes , Stewart Robert 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTObjectivesWe investigated the prevalence of loneliness recorded during assessment of general hospital inpatients by older adult liaison psychiatry services and its associations with level of subsequent hospitalisation, emergency presentation and mortality.MethodsData were drawn from a large south London mental healthcare provider of older adult liaison psychiatry services to four acute general hospitals. The sample comprised all patients receiving assessments from these services from 2007–2017. Recorded loneliness was ascertained from text fields via a bespoke natural language processing algorithm and, via a linkage with national hospitalisation data, was investigated as a risk factor for repeat emergency department (ED) attendance, inpatient days in the subsequent 12 months, and mortality.ResultsIn 11,631 patients assessed, loneliness was recorded in 11.2%. After adjustment for a range of demographic and health covariates, recorded loneliness was associated with an increased risk of ED attendance, but with lower mortality and, in survivors, with fewer hospitalisation days over a 12‐month follow‐up.ConclusionsLoneliness is recorded in over 10% of inpatients assessed by older adult liaison services and is likely to be present in substantially more. Lack of recording in more severe illness and/or cognitive disorders may explain associations with lower mortality and hospitalisation days. Its association with higher likelihood of repeat ED attendance suggests that loneliness should be considered more routinely in clinical assessments, possibly with formal screening.
The gut microbiome is associated with disease‐free survival in stage I–III colorectal cancer patients
Authors: Byrd Doratha A. , Damerell Victoria , Gomez Morales Maria F. , Hogue Stephanie R. , Lin Tengda , Ose Jennifer , Himbert Caroline , Ilozumba Mmadili N. , Kahlert Christoph , Shibata David , Toriola Adetunji T. , Li Christopher I. , Figueiredo Jane , Stephens W. Zac , Warby Christy A. , Hardikar Sheetal , Siegel Erin M. , Round June , Ulrich Cornelia M. , Gigic Biljana 
Published: January 2025

AbstractColorectal cancer (CRC) is the second overall leading cause of cancer death in the United States, with recurrence being a frequent cause of mortality. Approaches to improve disease‐free survival (DFS) are urgently needed. The gut microbiome, reflected in fecal samples, is likely mechanistically linked to CRC progression and may serve as a non‐invasive biomarker. Accordingly, we leveraged baseline fecal samples from N = 166 stage I–III CRC patients in the ColoCare Study, a prospective cohort of newly diagnosed CRC patients. We sequenced the V3 and V4 regions of the 16S rRNA gene to characterize fecal bacteria. We calculated estimates of alpha diversity, beta diversity, and a priori‐ and exploratory‐selected bacterial presence/absence and relative abundance. Associations of microbial metrics with DFS were estimated using multivariable Cox proportional hazards models. We found that alpha diversity was strongly associated with improved DFS, most strongly among rectal cancer patients (Shannon HRrectum = 0.40 95% CI = 0.19, 0.87; p = .02). Overall microbiome composition differences (beta diversity), as characterized by principal coordinate axes, were statistically significantly associated with DFS. Peptostreptococcus was statistically significantly associated with worse DFS (HR = 1.62, 95% CI = 1.13, 2.31; p = .01 per 1‐SD) and Order Clostridiales was associated with improved DFS (HR = 0.62, 95% CI = 0.43–0.88; p = .01 per 1‐SD). In exploratory analyses, Coprococcus and Roseburia were strongly associated with improved DFS. Overall, higher bacterial diversity and multiple bacteria were strongly associated with DFS. Metagenomic sequencing to elucidate species, gene, and functional level details among larger, diverse patient populations are critically needed to support the microbiome as a biomarker of CRC outcomes.
An Ensemble Model Minimising Misjudgment Cost: Empirical Evidence From Chinese Listed Companies
Authors: Yuan Kunpeng , Abedin Mohammad Zoynul , Hajek Petr 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTPredicting corporate financial distress is critical for bank lending and corporate bond investment decisions. Incorrect identification of default status can mislead lenders and investors, leading to substantial losses. This paper proposes an ensemble model that minimises the overall cost of misjudgment by considering the imbalanced ratio weighted loss of the unbalanced ratio of Type I and Type II errors in the objective function. Unlike existing static financial distress prediction models, the proposed model integrates panel data by using time‐shifting to account for credit risk dynamics. To validate the prediction model, data were collected for Chinese listed companies, considering geographic area, ownership structure and firm size. We demonstrate that by weighting predictions from different classification models, the overall misjudgment cost can be minimised. This study identifies earnings per share and the product price index as the most relevant indicators affecting the financial performance of Chinese‐listed companies. Overall, the results indicate that the proposed model has a predictive capacity of up to 5 years, with 98.7% for 1‐year forecasting horizons and 96.8% for 5‐year‐ahead forecasting horizons. Furthermore, the proposed model outperforms existing distress prediction models in overall prediction performance by correctly identifying defaulting companies while avoiding misjudging good companies.
A case of Page kidney due to an encapsulated perirenal hematoma improved by capsulectomy
Authors: Takeda Tomoki , Okada Atsushi , Iida Keitaro , Etani Toshiki , Taguchi Kazumi , Naiki Taku , Nakane Akihiro , Kubota Yasue , Umemoto Yukihiro , Kawai Noriyasu , Hayashi Yutaro , Yasui Takahiro 
Published: January 2025

IntroductionPage kidney causes secondary hypertension due to external compression of the renal parenchyma and renal hypoperfusion.Case presentationA 21‐year‐old healthy man was diagnosed with hypertension during a medical examination 3 months after he had gotten a bruise at the right lumbar region. The patient's blood pressure was 176/120 mmHg. Computed tomography showed a large encapsulated cystic lesion around the right kidney and severe external compression of the renal parenchyma. Dimercaptosuccinic acid renal scintigraphy revealed decreased right split renal function. Therefore, the patient was diagnosed with a Page kidney. Percutaneous drainage of the hematoma was performed. However, the hematoma enlarged again. Capsulectomy was subsequently performed. The pathological findings revealed capsule fibrosis and hyperplasia of the capillaries in the inner capsule layer. After capsulectomy, the patient's blood pressure normalized.ConclusionBlood leakage from the fibrotic capsule likely maintained the hematoma. Capsulectomy is recommended in cases involving an encapsulated perineal hematoma.
Environmental Aromatic Amine Induces Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Associated With Estrogen Signaling and Serpine1
Authors: Harmon Ashlyn C. , Carroll‐Turpin Michelle A. , Jennings Merilyn H. , Jelesijevic Tomislav , Ebenezer Philip , Aryal Ankit , Yu Qingzhao , Francis Joseph , Dugas Tammy R. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT4,4′‐Diaminodiphenylmethane (DAPM) is an aromatic amine used in the industrial synthesis of polyurethane. In rats, acute DAPM exposure induces biliary epithelial cell injury in the liver, but subchronic exposure promotes a female‐specific pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). PAH in humans is four times more prevalent in women than men. To shed light on mechanisms explaining the female selectivity of PAH in humans, we examined molecular pathways underlying DAPM‐induced PAH in female rats. Intersections between DAPM‐mediated hepatic injury and DAPM‐induced PAH were also interrogated. Intact compared to ovariectomized female rats were gavaged once weekly for 12 weeks with DAPM or vehicle. Morphometric analysis in lung sections was used to quantify PAH pathology. mRNA from liver were assessed for DAPM‐induced alterations in genes associated with aryl hydrocarbon receptor, estrogen response, and endothelin‐1 signaling. mRNA from pulmonary arteries were subjected to transcript profiling, and pathways associated with differentially expressed genes were mapped. First, DAPM‐induced PAH was exacerbated by ovariectomy. Although DAPM‐mediated liver injury per se was not correlated with its induction of PAH, increases in levels of the potent vasoconstrictor endothelin‐1 were exacerbated by ovariectomy and were correlated with increased expression of Edn1 in the liver. In pulmonary arteries, transcript profiling revealed that DAPM and ovariectomy interacted to dysregulate estrogen receptor, VEGF, PI3K/AKT, endothelin‐1, glucocorticoid receptor, IL‐17A, and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis signaling. One of the most dysregulated genes associated with both DAPM and estrogen status was Serpine1.
Lung Ultrasound—A Supplementary Tool for the Diagnosis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Children
Authors: Rathi Vinita , Rawat Raveena , Kumar Sumit , Srivastava Amol , Tandon Anupama 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundThere are logistic problems in obtaining adequate microbiological samples for the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) in children, globally. Most studies on ultrasound have evaluated mediastinal nodes in children with tuberculosis (TB), but very few studies are available on lung ultrasound (LUS) appearances in proven PTB.PurposeTo study the LUS appearances in children with microbiologically proven PTB and to assess the inter‐observer agreement.Materials and MethodsThirty children with microbiologically proven PTB, were evaluated prospectively on LUS and chest radiograph (CR) in Radiology department of a tertiary care hospital, from November 2019 to November 2021. CR was interpreted by an experienced Radiologist (R2); LUS was conducted by a Radiology resident (R1), who was blinded to CR findings; and findings were recorded. Archived static images/videos of LUS were interpreted by R2 after a month, to avoid bias; and findings were recorded.ResultsComposite LUS finding of either consolidation and subpleural nodule (SUN) was detected in 29/30 (96.7%) children with lower zone predominance (70%). Miliary pattern was observed on LUS in 11/30 (33.3%) children, but their CR was normal. Consolidation was detected on LUS in a significantly higher proportion of children (83.3%) than on CR (43.3%). Inter‐observer agreement calculated for detection of consolidation and pleural effusion was k = 0.88, for B lines k = 0.79, confluent B lines k = 0.75, miliary nodules k = 0.70 and SUN k = 0.57.ConclusionWe conclude that in low‐resource endemic areas, LUS by virtue of being non ‐invasive and not using ionizing radiation, can be a useful supplementary tool in the diagnosis of childhood PTB.
Post‐operative injection of hydrolyzed collagen peptides shows anti‐inflammatory effect in patients with femoroacetabular impingement improving the early recovery
Authors: Tassinari Enrico , Minerba Andrea , Basile Tommaso , Bucciarelli Alessio , Traina Francesco , Grigolo Brunella , Zaffagnini Stefano , Olivotto Eleonora 
Published: January 2025

AbstractPurposeThis study aimed to compare the use of cortisone (C), intra‐articular injected at the end of hip arthroscopy in patients with femoroacetabular impingement (FAI), to a new Class III medical device based on hydrolyzed collagen peptides ‘PEPTYS’ (P) and, to investigate potential associations among preoperative symptoms and hip function, outcomes after arthroscopic surgery and presence of inflammatory biomarkers in synovial fluids (SFs) at basal condition.MethodsThe two treatments were administrated to patients scheduled for arthroscopy with simple blind randomization sampling. Based on the sample size calculation, the number necessary to recruit was at least 20 patients for the C group and 20 for the P group. SFs, when available, were obtained by aspiration just prior to surgical intervention. At the baseline, osteoarthritis (OA) severity was assessed with a radiographic scoring system (Tönnis classification). Physical examination and clinical assessment using the Hip disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (HOOS) and visual analogue scale (VAS) score for pain were performed at the time of surgery and at 1 and 6 months of follow‐up. At the time of surgery, chondral (Outerbridge score) and labral pathology based on direct arthroscopic visualization were also evaluated.ResultsForty‐seven FAI patients were enroled, with a median age of 35 years with a standard deviation (SD) of 10.6 and a body mass index of 24.3kg/m² with an SD of 4.5. 24 patients were treated with C and 23 with P. Both treatments did not show any statistically significant difference in hip function and pain. High expression of inflammatory molecules in SFs was correlated with the worst post‐operative articular function.ConclusionsOur study showed that the use of P was completely comparable to cortisone. Therefore, PEPTYS might be a valuable candidate to improve early recovery, in terms of pain and function, from arthroscopic FAI treatment.Level of EvidenceLevel III, comparative and randomized study.
Malnutrition and Associated Factors Among Patients With Cirrhosis at a Tertiary Care Center in Addis Ababa Ethiopia: An Ordinal Logistic Regression Analysis
Authors: Melaku Metages Damtie , Yigzaw Aklog Almaw , Kassie Yoseph Gebremedhin , Kedimu Mulugeta Wondmu , Wodajeneh Henok Bahru , Getahun Binyam Melese , Anley Denekew Tenaw , Agidew Melaku Mekonen , Zewde Edgeit Abebe 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundCirrhosis is an irreversible stage of liver damage that decreases the ability of the liver to store and metabolize nutrients. Malnutrition is a common problem in patients with cirrhosis and increases the risk of mortality.AimsThis study aimed to assess malnutrition and associated factors among patients with cirrhosis at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital. All patients with cirrhosis who were admitted to the hospital from August to November were included. Royal Free Hospital Global Assessment tool (RFH‐GA) was used to assess nutritional status. Data were entered in Epi‐data software version 4.6.0.2 and analyzed with STATA version 17/MP. Ordinal logistic regression analysis was fitted to determine factors associated with nutritional status. Statistical significance was declared at p value < 0.05.ResultsThe prevalence of moderate malnutrition and severe malnutrition were 36.67% and 14.29%, respectively. Patients with ascites were five times at a higher risk of being severely malnourished (AOR = 5.08; 95% CI = 2.66–9.67). The odds of severe malnutrition decrease by 0.35 times for patients without a history of previous hospitalization (AOR = 0.35; 95% CI = 0.18–0.68). The odds of being in the higher category of nutritional status (severe malnutrition) are 10 times higher for patients with hepatic encephalopathy (AOR = 10.43; 95% CI = 4.66–23.31). As the level of creatinine blood urea nitrogen (Cr‐BUN) increases, the risk of malnutrition increases by 2.57 times (AOR = 2.57; 95% CI = 1.02–5.78).ConclusionMalnutrition is high among cirrhotic patients at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital. Ascites, history of hospitalization, Cr‐BUN, and hepatic encephalopathy are significant predictors of malnutrition.
Mother‐child dyads living with HIV in the Western Cape, South Africa: Undetectable = Undetectable?
Authors: Anderson Kim , Rabie Helena , Eley Brian S. , Frigati Lisa , Nuttall James , Kalk Emma , Heekes Alexa , Sridhar Gayathri , Ragone Leigh , Vannappagari Vani , Mudaly Vanessa , Boulle Andrew , Davies Mary‐Ann 
Published: January 2025

AbstractIntroductionGlobally, children living with HIV continue to lag behind UNAIDS targets for viral suppression (VS). Because studies with linked mother‐child data are limited, we describe VS and associated factors among young children in a setting with early infant HIV testing (at birth, age 10 weeks and 6 months) and early protease inhibitor‐based first‐line antiretroviral therapy (ART).MethodsWe analysed routinely collected mother‐child data for children living with HIV born 2018–2022 in Western Cape province, South Africa (followed through mid‐2023). We assessed associations between child and maternal viral load (VL) results at 12 and 24 months after child ART start using logistic regression, adjusted for child sex, birthyear, severity of child immunodeficiency at ART start, maternal age and timing of maternal HIV diagnosis.ResultsAmong 2219 children living with HIV; 30% were diagnosed at birth (≤7 days), 41% before age 1 year (8−365 days) and 29% at age >1 year. Overall, 5% (n = 112/2219) of children died, a third of whom had not started ART; 90% of children (n = 1990) started ART, at median age 5 months (IQR 1–16). Median follow‐up from ART start was 26 months (IQR 14–40). Among children with available VL at 12 months (n = 853/1582), 24 months (n = 614/1129) and 36 months (n = 350/658) after ART start, 36%, 43% and 48% were virally suppressed, respectively (VL<100 copies/ml). VS among children at 12 and 24 months was more likely if maternal VL was <100 versus ≥100 copies/ml at 12 months (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 3.5; 95% CI 1.9−6.5) and 24 months (aOR = 6.1; 95% CI 2.8−13.1) after child ART start. Children with no/mild versus advanced/severe immunodeficiency at ART start were more likely to achieve VS at 12 months (aOR = 2.3; 95% CI 1.3−4.2) but not at 24 months. Eligible children with missing VL at 24 months (39%) were more likely to have gaps in care of >6 months than those with VL≥100 or VL<100 copies/ml (84% vs. 28% vs. 14%, respectively; p<0.001).ConclusionsLess than half of children on ART achieved VS, and children were more likely to achieve VS if their mothers were also virally suppressed. Significant efforts are needed to support mother‐child dyads to achieve optimal VS.
Precipitation Structure and Convective Intensity Over South‐East South Asia During Active and Break Spells of the Indian Summer Monsoon Using TRMM, GPM, Megha‐Tropiques Satellites and Reanalysis Data
Authors: Kumar Shailendra 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTIn this study, we investigated the precipitation structure (PS) and convective intensity (CI) of precipitation features (PFs) using the multiple sensors onboard on TRMM and GPM for active and break spells (ACT and BRK‐Ss) during Indian summer monsoon seasons (1999‐2021). Microwave‐based observations showed that during ACT‐Ss, a higher frequency of PFs is observed over the Himalayan Foothills and northern western Ghats (WGs). Eastern Himalaya Foothills (EHFs), southern India, the Indian Equatorial Ocean, and the Arabian Sea (AS) have a higher frequency of PFs during BRK‐Ss. The major differences in PS during ACT and BRK‐Ss are observed over WGs and southern‐western Himalayan Foothills (S‐WHFs). Infrared‐based measurements showed that the Bay of Bengal (BOB) and S‐WHFs have the deepest Cumulonimbus clouds (minimum brightness temperature) during both ACT and BRK‐Ss, but the numbers over BOB are twice as high compared with S‐WHFs. S‐WHFs have the strongest CI (40 dBZ radar reflectivity has the highest altitude) and precipitation tops (20 dBZ radar reflectivity has the highest altitude) during ACT‐Ss. WGs and the Indo‐Gangetic Plain (IGP) consist of intense and larger PFs during the BRK‐Ss. PFs with the highest horizontal extension, and, which are contributing to higher surface rainfall observed over north‐central India and BOB during ACT Ss, but during BRK‐Ss, they shifted to EHFs and the Burma‐Myanmar coast. Lightning activity is higher at S‐WHFs and EHFs during ACT‐Ss but shifted at the eastern longitudes of EHFs and southern India during BRK‐Ss. Relative humidity (RH) profiles are used to investigate the moist and dry atmospheric conditions during ACT and BRK‐Ss. Megha‐Tropiques‐based sounders showed a higher fraction of RH vertical profiles above mid‐troposphere (above 500 hPa) over BOB and S‐WHFs during ACT‐Ss. WGs and IGP have a higher fraction of RH vertical profiles above the mid‐troposphere during BRK‐Ss. The balance between RH and vertical velocity is critical in deciding the PS and CI over the selected areas during ACT and BRK‐Ss. An updraft with higher RH is observed over BOB, IGP, Central‐India, and S‐WHF during ACT‐Ss. The opposite characteristics are observed over WGs, and a higher RH with a higher updraft is observed during BRK‐Ss. The RH‐vertical velocity joint histogram shows a broad spectrum width during ACT‐Ss compared with BRK‐Ss. It shows that even the lower RH can be lifted at higher altitudes due to updraft during the ACT‐Ss compared with BRK‐Ss. A separate analysis of TRMM and GPM shows that in the last decade, there has been an increase in the deep convective systems during the BRK‐Ss, especially over the WGs and Southern India, the Tropical Ocean, and must be investigated in the future.
Trends in the uptake of clinical support pharmacy technician roles in Australian hospitals from 2016 to 2022: a cross‐sectional survey
Authors: Anderson Brett J. , Taylor Simone E. , Travaglia Joanne , Catanzariti Rachelle L. , Pont Lisa 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundA 2016 Australian hospital pharmacy technician workforce survey reported that pharmacy technicians seldom perform clinical support roles. Subsequently, the Society of Hospital Pharmacists of Australia extended their endorsement of pharmacy technicians performing clinical roles in the Standard of practice for pharmacy technicians to support clinical pharmacy services published in 2019. It is unknown if the roles undertaken by hospital pharmacy technicians have since evolved.AimTo compare and contrast trends in the uptake of hospital pharmacy technician roles between 2016–2022.MethodAn electronic questionnaire comprising 97 questions was circulated to Australian hospital pharmacy departments in 2022 and the results were compared to those obtained from the 2016 questionnaire. Hospital pharmacy technicians' clinical support roles were categorised as ‘clinical tasks’ (n = 15) or ‘technical tasks’ (n = 34). Ethical approval was granted by the University of Technology Sydney Human Research Ethics Committee (Reference no: ETH21‐6732) and the study conforms with the National statement on ethical conduct in human research. Informed consent was obtained from all participants via project information distributed to potential participants via email, indicating their participation would be voluntary and anonymous. Participants provided their consent by completing the questionnaire.ResultsResponses were received from 54 of 273 pharmacy departments (response rate 20%) in 2022 compared to 154 responses from 308 pharmacy departments (response rate 50%) in 2016. Hospital pharmacy technicians performed a median of 0.5 ‘clinical tasks’ (interquartile range [IQR] 0–1.25) in 2022 and 1 ‘clinical tasks’ (IQR 0–3) in 2016. In contrast, hospital pharmacy technicians performed a median of 7 (IQR 3–12) and 8 (IQR 3–12) ‘technical tasks’ in 2022 and 2016, respectively. No significant changes were identified in the prevalence of hospital pharmacy technicians undertaking clinical tasks.ConclusionDespite publication of professional practice standards endorsing clinical roles for pharmacy technicians, clinical roles are still seldom performed. Interventions are required to address the barriers limiting the expansion of hospital pharmacy technician roles.