bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
El control de convencionalidad y la concurrencia de intérpretes autorizados de disposiciones constitucionalesThe conventionality control and the concurrence of authorized interpreters of constitutional provisions
Authors: Celis Vela Dúber Armando 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
International instruments on human rights play a decisive role in defining the content of state law. Although the constitutional block constitutes an articulation tool between national and international law, it produces the concurrence of authorized interpreters of documents with equivalent normative ranks. The purpose of this text is to analyze the legal value of interpretations made by multiple authorized bodies in contexts prone to the appearance of interpretative disagreements. The point of reference is the American Convention on Human Rights and the institution of the constitutional block developed in Colombia. In general terms, reasons are given in favor of the progressive implementation of human rights protection standards and a regime of state deference in cases of institutional soundness and genuine interpretative disagreements. The intensity of the conventionality control would have a dynamic and variable character.
The Burden of Human Metapneumovirus- and Influenza-Associated Hospitalizations in Adults in New Zealand, 2012–2015
Authors: Aminisani Nayyereh , Wood Timothy , Jelley Lauren , Wong Conroy , Sue Huang Q 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background
Unlike influenza, information on the burden of human metapneumovirus (HMPV) as a cause of hospitalizations in adults with acute respiratory illness (ARI) is limited.

Methods
We compared the population-based incidence, seasonality, and clinical characteristics of these 2 viral infections among adults aged ≥20 years with ARI hospitalizations in Auckland, New Zealand, during 2012–2015 through the Southern Hemisphere Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness Research and Surveillance (SHIVERS) project.

Results
Of the 14 139 ARI hospitalizations, 276 of 6484 (4.3%) tested positive for HMPV and 1342 of 7027 (19.1%) tested positive for influenza. Crude rates of 9.8 (95% confidence interval [CI], 8.7–11.0) HMPV-associated and 47.6 (95% CI, 45.1–50.1) influenza-associated ARI hospitalizations were estimated for every 100 000 adult residents annually. The highest rates for both viruses were in those aged ≥80 years, of Māori or Pacific ethnicity, or living in low socioeconomic status (SES) areas. HMPV infections were more common than influenza in those with chronic medical conditions.

Conclusions
Although HMPV infections accounted for fewer hospitalizations than influenza in adults aged ≥20 years, HMPV-associated ARI hospitalization rates were higher than influenza in older adults, Māori and Pacific people, and those of low SES. This highlights a need for vaccine/antiviral development.
Pyrrho’s Buddha on Duḥkha and the Liberation from Views
Authors: Gold Jonathan C 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This article presents a rereading of Buddhist scriptures from the Pāli Nikāyas in the light of Christopher Beckwith’s 2015 theory that Pyrrho professed early Buddhist ideas. This changes, above all, how we read one of the central terms in Buddhism, dukkha/duḥkha (usually “suffering,” now “unreliable” or “precarious”). I argue that many scriptures make better sense with Pyrrho’s reading and, moreover, that it reveals a depth of wisdom in many otherwise obscure passages in early Buddhist teachings. Through an exploratory, hermeneutic method, the article suggests a reconceptualization of Buddhist scriptures and philosophy in the light of Pyrrho.
Efficacy of ergosterol peroxide obtained from the endophytic fungus Acrophialophora jodhpurensis against Rhizoctonia solani
Authors: Daroodi Zoha , Taheri Parissa , Tarighi Saeed , Iranshahi Mehrdad , Akaberi Maryam 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Aim
To investigate antifungal activity of the extract and major metabolite of the endophytic fungus Acrophialophora jodhpurensis (belonging to Chaetomiaceae) against crown and root rot caused by Rhizoctonia solani (teleomorph: Thanatephorus cucumeris), as an important pathogen of tomato.

Methods and Results
The endophytic fungus A. jodhpurensis, has high inhibitory effect against R. solani AG4-HG II in vitro and in vivo. The media conditions were optimized for production of the endophyte’s metabolites. The highest amounts of secondary metabolites were produced at pH 7, 30°C temperature, and in the presence of 0.5% glucose, 0.033% sodium nitrate, and 1 gl−1 asparagine as the best carbon, nitrogen, and amino acid sources, respectively. The mycelia were extracted by methanol and the obtained extract was submitted to various chromatography techniques. Phytochemical analysis via thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy showed that ergosterol peroxide was the major component in the extract of this endophyte. Antifungal activities of the methanolic extract and ergosterol peroxide in the culture media were studied against R. solani. Minimum inhibitory concentrations of the extract and ergosterol peroxide against the pathogen were 600 and 150 µg ml−1, respectively. Ergosterol peroxide revealed destructive effects on the pathogen structures in microscopic analyses and induced sclerotia production. Histochemical analyses revealed that it induced apoptosis in the mycelia of R. solani via superoxide production and cell death. Application of ergosterol peroxide in the leaf disc assay reduced the disease severity in tomato leaves.

Conclusions
Antifungal metabolites produced by A. jodhpurensis, such as ergosterol peroxide, are capable of controlling destructive Rhizoctonia diseases on tomato.
Do the general public get cancer statistics?—a questionnaire survey in Japan
Authors: Gatellier Laureline , Charvat Hadrien , Ito Yuri , Matsuda Tomohiro 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Objectives
The public does not always understand key information conveyed by epidemiologists and statisticians. The purpose of this study was to understand the level of public access to, trust in, and comprehension of, cancer statistics through a population-based survey in Japan.

Methods
We used an online research method, requesting online responses to a 15-question questionnaire. The survey was sent to males and females aged 20 years and older, selected by sex, age and prefecture to match the national population proportions shown in the latest census. The final number of valid responses was 10 477. The statistical analyses mainly used χ2 testing.

Results
Respondents were not frequently exposed to cancer statistics regardless of sex or age group, nor did they necessarily have confidence in the statistics. The increase of collected information and trust in cancer statistics was aligned with increasing age and cancer exposure. Respondents found Relative Risk and Relative Survival Rate easier to understand and more useful than the Standardized Incidence Ratio. In addition, those with cancer experience, higher income and were elderly gave more accurate responses when asked questions related to cancer incidence and probability of getting cancer.

Conclusions
Our respondents showed limited familiarity with cancer statistical indicators. Enhanced awareness of indicators such as infographics and visual tools has the potential to enhance cancer visibility, thereby promoting public prevention and early detection efforts. Educating cancer patients about pertinent indicators can boost their confidence in managing their condition. Conversely, the introduction of indicators unrelated to the public should be discouraged.
Outdoor air pollution exposure and uterine cancer incidence in the Sister Study
Authors: Brown Jordyn A , Ish Jennifer L , Chang Che-Jung , Bookwalter Deborah B , O’Brien Katie M , Jones Rena R , Kaufman Joel D , Sandler Dale P , White Alexandra J 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background
Outdoor air pollution is a ubiquitous exposure that includes endocrine-disrupting and carcinogenic compounds that may contribute to the risk of hormone-sensitive outcomes such as uterine cancer. However, there is limited evidence about the relationship between outdoor air pollution and uterine cancer incidence.

Methods
We investigated the associations of residential exposure to particulate matter less than 2.5 µm in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) with uterine cancer among 33 417 Sister Study participants with an intact uterus at baseline (2003-2009). Annual average air pollutant concentrations were estimated at participants’ geocoded primary residential addresses using validated spatiotemporal models. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals for the association between time-varying 12-month PM2.5 (µg/m3) and NO2 (parts per billion; ppb) averages and uterine cancer incidence.

Results
Over a median follow-up period of 9.8 years, 319 incident uterine cancer cases were identified. A 5-ppb increase in NO2 was associated with a 23% higher incidence of uterine cancer (hazard ratio = 1.23, 95% confidence interval = 1.04 to 1.46), especially among participants living in urban areas (hazard ratio = 1.53, 95% confidence interval = 1.13 to 2.07), but PM2.5 was not associated with increased uterine cancer incidence.

Conclusion
In this large US cohort, NO2, a marker of vehicular traffic exposure, was associated with a higher incidence of uterine cancer. These findings expand the scope of health effects associated with air pollution, supporting the need for policy and other interventions designed to reduce air pollutant exposure.
An Armenian Invocational Prayer of a Now Lost Homily of Jacob of Serugh on Jonah and the Ninevites
Authors: Hilkens Andy 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This article offers the editio princeps and translation of the Armenian invocational prayer of a homily on Jonah and the Ninevites that was probably translated from Syriac. The homily was likely written by Jacob of Serugh and as such the prayer is the only remnant of what was once a full Armenian translation of a full Syriac text, both of which have been lost. In the prayer Jacob compares Jonah’s conversation with the sailors to Pilate’s trial of Christ. This critical edition takes into account five witnesses that are extant in four manuscripts. One other manuscript was inaccessible. A sixth manuscript, which may have contained the full text, is lost and presumed destroyed.
Functional identification of cis-regulatory long noncoding RNAs at controlled false discovery rates
Authors: Dhaka Bhavya , Zimmerli Marc , Hanhart Daniel , Moser Mario B , Guillen-Ramirez Hugo , Mishra Sanat , Esposito Roberta , Polidori Taisia , Widmer Maro , García-Pérez Raquel , Julio Marianna Kruithof-de , Pervouchine Dmitri , Melé Marta , Chouvardas Panagiotis , Johnson Rory 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
A key attribute of some long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) is their ability to regulate expression of neighbouring genes in cis. However, such ‘cis-lncRNAs’ are presently defined using ad hoc criteria that, we show, are prone to false-positive predictions. The resulting lack of cis-lncRNA catalogues hinders our understanding of their extent, characteristics and mechanisms. Here, we introduce TransCistor, a framework for defining and identifying cis-lncRNAs based on enrichment of targets amongst proximal genes. TransCistor’s simple and conservative statistical models are compatible with functionally defined target gene maps generated by existing and future technologies. Using transcriptome-wide perturbation experiments for 268 human and 134 mouse lncRNAs, we provide the first large-scale survey of cis-lncRNAs. Known cis-lncRNAs are correctly identified, including XIST, LINC00240 and UMLILO, and predictions are consistent across analysis methods, perturbation types and independent experiments. We detect cis-activity in a minority of lncRNAs, primarily involving activators over repressors. Cis-lncRNAs are detected by both RNA interference and antisense oligonucleotide perturbations. Mechanistically, cis-lncRNA transcripts are observed to physically associate with their target genes and are weakly enriched with enhancer elements. In summary, TransCistor establishes a quantitative foundation for cis-lncRNAs, opening a path to elucidating their molecular mechanisms and biological significance.
Activation of zinc uptake regulator by zinc binding to three regulatory sites
Authors: Choi Yunchan , Koh Junseock , Cha Sun-Shin , Roe Jung-Hye 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Zur is a Fur-family metalloregulator that is widely used to control zinc homeostasis in bacteria. In Streptomyces coelicolor, Zur (ScZur) acts as both a repressor for zinc uptake (znuA) gene and an activator for zinc exporter (zitB) gene. Previous structural studies revealed three zinc ions specifically bound per ScZur monomer; a structural one to allow dimeric architecture and two regulatory ones for DNA-binding activity. In this study, we present evidence that Zur contains a fourth specific zinc-binding site with a key histidine residue (H36), widely conserved among actinobacteria, for regulatory function. Biochemical, genetic, and calorimetric data revealed that H36 is critical for hexameric binding of Zur to the zitB zurbox and further binding to its upstream region required for full activation. A comprehensive thermodynamic model demonstrated that the DNA-binding affinity of Zur to both znuA and zitB zurboxes is remarkably enhanced upon saturation of all three regulatory zinc sites. The model also predicts that the strong coupling between zinc binding and DNA binding equilibria of Zur drives a biphasic activation of the zitB gene in response to a wide concentration change of zinc. Similar mechanisms may be pertinent to other metalloproteins, expanding their response spectrum through binding multiple regulatory metals.
Consuming Patients’ Days: Time Spent on Ambulatory Appointments by People With Cancer
Authors: Kagalwalla Sana , Tsai Alexander K , George Manju , Waldock Anna , Davis Sydney , Jewett Patricia , Vogel Rachel I , Ganguli Ishani , Booth Christopher , Dusetzina Stacie B , Rocque Gabrielle B , Blaes Anne H , Gupta Arjun 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background
In qualitative work, patients report that seemingly short trips to clinic (eg, a supposed 10-minute blood draw) often turn into “all-day affairs.” We sought to quantify the time patients with cancer spend attending ambulatory appointments.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective study of patients scheduled for oncology-related ambulatory care (eg, labs, imaging, procedures, infusions, and clinician visits) at an academic cancer center over 1 week. The primary exposure was the ambulatory service type(s) (eg, clinician visit only, labs and infusion, etc.). We used Real-Time Location System badge data to calculate clinic times and estimated round-trip travel times and parking times. We calculated and summarized clinic and total (clinic + travel + parking) times for ambulatory service types.

Results
We included 435 patients. Across all service day type(s), the median (IQR) clinic time was 119 (78-202) minutes. The estimated median (IQR) round-trip driving distance and travel time was 34 (17-49) miles and 50 (36-68) minutes. The median (IQR) parking time was 14 (12-15) minutes. Overall, the median (IQR) total time was 197 (143-287) minutes. The median total times for specific service type(s) included: 99 minutes for lab-only, 144 minutes for clinician visit only, and 278 minutes for labs, clinician visit, and infusion.

Conclusion
Patients often spent several hours pursuing ambulatory cancer care on a given day. Accounting for opportunity time costs and the coordination of activities around ambulatory care, these results highlight the substantial time burdens of cancer care, and support the notion that many days with ambulatory health care contact may represent “lost days.”
The Treatment of Burkitt Lymphoma With the Berlin-Frankfurt-Münster Protocol With Rituximab and Consolidative Autologous Transplantation
Authors: Broccoli Alessandro , Argnani Lisa , Gugliotta Gabriele , Pellegrini Cinzia , Casadei Beatrice , Bagnato Gianmarco , Gentilini Marianna , Stefoni Vittorio , Zinzani Pier Luigi 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Intensive treatment approaches are required for adult patients with Burkitt lymphoma (BL), although an univocal standard of care still does not exist. The use of frontline autologous stem cells transplantation (ASCT) is debated.

Patients and Methods
Between 2004 and 2020, 50 patients with BL were treated with the Berlin-Frankfurt-Münster (BFM). Treatment plan consisted of 3 blocks, A (ifosfamide, vincristine, methotrexate, etoposide, and cytarabine), B (vincristine, cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and doxorubicin), and C (vindesine, methotrexate, etoposide, and cytarabine), each repeated twice, every 28 days. Rituximab was given at day 1 each block. Intrathecal prophylaxis was given once per each block. ASCT was scheduled at the end of the 6 blocks after conditioning.

Results
Median age at onset was 38 years (range 16-72); stages III-IV disease was observed in 82% of cases; bulky disease occurred in 44% of the patients, with B-symptoms in 38%. Stem cell harvest was performed in 72% of patients, who all received a subsequent ASCT. The full 6 blocks treatment was completed in 70% of the patients. The overall response rate was 74%, with a complete response rate of 60%. Ten-year overall survival and progression-free survival were 83.7% and 76.0%, respectively, without reaching the median. Ten-year disease-free survival was 80.3%. Grades 3-4 neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, anemia, and mucositis were seen in 96%, 60%, 32%, and 24% of patients. Infections occurred in 60% of patients.

Conclusion
Intensive treatment according to BFM protocol, with rituximab and ASCT, appears feasible, safe, and highly effective in adult patients with BL, as confirmed by long-term survival rates reflecting response maintenance.
The policewoman: A tale of recruitment, retention, and experiences at nine agencies
Authors: Skaggs Sherry Lynn , Hardwick Kisha , Montgomery Lauren , Harris Chris 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Since the death of Tyre Nichols in Memphis, TN, and others at the hands of police officers across the country, there has been a growing movement to defund police across the United States. In addition to this movement, police agencies have faced rapidly declining application pools. Fewer applicants, combined with retention issues faced by many departments, have caused staffing issues and led to many cultural impacts within the departments. Among these issues, one noticeable concern has been the ability to recruit and retain female. Through an analysis of interviews with female law enforcement personnel, this study examines problems faced with recruitment of new female officers, retention of veteran female officers, and experiences of women within nine police departments in a southern U.S. state.
Are gout patients with negative dual-energy computed tomography for monosodium urate crystal deposition easy to treat?
Authors: Laurent Victor , Jauffret Charlotte , Ducoulombier Vincent , Pacaud Aurore , Legrand Julie , Verdun Stéphane , Norberciak Laurène , Budzik Jean-François , Pascart Tristan 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Objectives
To determine the clinical associations and predictive value of two thresholds of negative dual-energy CT (DECT) for MSU crystal deposition in gout patients initiating urate-lowering therapy (ULT) and identify which threshold is more clinically relevant.

Methods
Patients from the CRYSTALILLE cohort with a diagnosis of gout naïve to ULT with baseline DECT scans of the knees and feet were selected. Two thresholds of positivity for DECT detection of MSU crystal deposition were considered (&lt;0.01 cm3 and &lt;0.1 cm3). Baseline characteristics and the prediction of key outcomes after ULT initiation, including reaching serum urate (SU) levels &lt;6.0 and 5.0 mg/dl and occurrence of flares at 6, 12 and 24 months, associated with both thresholds of negative DECTs were compared with those of patients having positive DECT scans.

Results
A total of 211 patients, median age 66.2 years [interquartile range (IQR) 57–75.8], with a median symptom duration of 3 years (IQR 0–7.8) were included. A total of 38/211 (18%) and 90/211 (43%) had negative DECT scans for the 0.01 and 0.1 cm3 thresholds, respectively. Factors associated with negative DECT scans were younger age, shorter symptom duration and an absence of cardiovascular disease for both volume thresholds. A total of 9/39 (23.1%), 3/26 (11.5%) and 1/18 (5.6%) patients with &lt;0.1 cm3 MSU crystals had flares at 6, 12 and 24 months, respectively, compared with 18/45 (40.0%), 9/36 (25.0%) and 2/18 (11.1%) patients with ≥0.1 cm3 (P &gt; 0.05). Overall, 95 patients (68.3%) reached SU levels &lt;6.0 mg/dl and 68 (48.9%) reached levels &lt;5.0 mg/dl, without any difference between positive and negative DECTs, with ULT dosages that tended to be lower in patients with negative DECTs.

Conclusion
The 0.1 cm3 threshold was better correlated with clinical presentation and evolution than the 0.01 cm3 threshold. Gout patients with negative DECTs exhibit milder disease and a lower comorbidity burden. They do not exhibit particularly easy-to-treat hyperuricaemia but they may have a lower risk of flares.
Nigella sativaoil exhibits anti-aging effects in transgenic Alzheimer’sDrosophila melanogastervia anti oxidant pathways: survival-rate and life span studies
Authors: Mukhtar A I , Danborno B , Sadeeq A A 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn this article we aime to investigate he anti-aging effect of Nigella sativa oil. Transgenic flies engineered under UAS/GAL4 system were acquired from the Bloomington Drosophila stock center. For methodology, (LC50), 30 flies 2–3 days old were divided into four groups, and exposed to diets of 30, 60, 90, and 120 μL/10 g in 3 replicates at a density of 30 flies per vial. Mortality was recorded daily for 7 consecutive days. For survival, (150) 2–3 days adult flies were divided into four groups (I-IV), 100 flies in each group. Group I which served as control fed on 10 g of diet only, group II was fed 10 g of diet only, group III (AB42 + low dose) was fed on 10 g diet +6.39ul NSO, group IV (AB42 + high dose) was fed 10 diet + 12.77ul NSO. The administration lasted for 28 days. For the third phase, a similar protocol was adopted with each group having (400) flies, this phase lasted f till the last fly died. The effect of NSO was assessed by; Studying the mortality daily. Results revealed the lethal concentration of LC50 NSO to be 25.54 mg it was also observed from the study that exposure to NSO in food media at low doses has increased the lifespan of AB-42 treated flies. In conclusion, findings from this study suggest the efficacy of low-dose NSO increased the survival and life span of the AB-42 flies.