bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How the European Parliament Chooses Its Battles: Parliamentary Resolutions on the Negotiation of International Agreements
Authors: Bardou Marine , Delreux Tom 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThis article explains the occurrence and timing of resolutions adopted by the European Parliament (EP) on international agreements. Such resolutions allow the EP to exert influence, especially when they are adopted early in the negotiation process (i.e., ‘early resolutions’). However, the EP does not systematically adopt (early) resolutions. The article therefore addresses two research questions: (1) under which conditions does the EP adopt resolutions during the negotiation process of international agreements? And (2) under which conditions does the EP adopt early resolutions? Using a comprehensive dataset including the 344 international agreements concluded between 2009 and 2023, we find that resolutions are more likely to be adopted when the Committee on International Trade is the responsible EP committee, when human rights, personal data protection or environmental protection are at stake and when agreements are salient. Moreover, early resolutions are more likely to be adopted for more recent negotiations and when negotiations are salient early.
Classification of Post‐Delousing Mortality in Farmed Atlantic Salmon: A Case Study of Standardised Causal Classification at Fish‐Level
Authors: Ringstad Nanna K. , Stormoen Marit , Midtlyng Paul J. , Persson David 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe study investigated cause‐specific, fish‐level mortality of farmed Atlantic salmon following mechanical delousing. We visited three populations at two marine sites belonging to one company at four different time points, from 1 day before to 13 days after the mechanical delousing. A total of 453 dead fish were collected and necropsied during the four visits. The underlying mortality cause was determined by macroscopic pathology in fish that died peracutely, acutely and subacutely after the procedure. The macroscopic pathological changes were recorded, and a cause of death was assigned to each fish by applying a uniform code system to classify mortality and losses in farmed Atlantic salmon. The findings revealed that mechanical delousing procedures can lead to mortality and pathological changes up to 13 days after the procedure. We identified cerebral haemorrhages in approximately 25% of the necropsied fish that died peracutely. Comparing the cause‐specific mortality assignments at necropsy to daily mortality recordings by farmers showed that farmers assigned a smaller proportion of the fish to injury/trauma than the necropsy indicated. This implies that current practices for recording mortality causes by farmers after delousing may overlook the long‐term negative effects of the procedure. Therefore, guidelines for farmers to more accurately record mortality causes following delousing are necessary to improve the value and precision of these records.
Evaluation of fetal aortic isthmus diameter and flow in pregnant women with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy; may it be a marker of poor perinatal outcomes?
Authors: Başaran Ezgi , Öcal Fatma Doğa , Tanaçan Atakan , Ağaoğlu Zahid , Ipek Göksun , Aktaş Betül Akgün , Şahin Dilek 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAimTo evaluate the fetal aortic isthmus (AoI) diameter and flow in pregnant women diagnosed with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP).MethodsIn this prospective case–control study, fetal AoI diameter and Doppler measurements were performed in the ICP group (n: 30) and the control group (n: 42). Clinical characteristics, fetal AoI diameter and Doppler measurements, serum bile acid levels, liver enzyme levels, and obstetric and perinatal outcomes were compared between the groups.ResultsThe AoI diameter was 4.8 ± 0.95 mm in the ICP group and 4.2 ± 0.62 mm in the control group, indicating a statistically significant difference (p = 0.003). The AoI Doppler flow parameters did not significantly differ between the groups (p > 0.05). When evaluated in subgroups according to disease severity, the AoI diameter and Doppler measurements did not significantly differ between the mild and severe ICP cases (p > 0.05). The AoI diameter was significantly larger in those requiring admission to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) (p = 0.005). This diameter was also larger in patients with fetal distress, albeit with no statistically significant difference (p = 0.65).ConclusionsICP is a pathology with known adverse fetal cardiac effects, but there is no effective method to predict adverse perinatal outcomes. The enlarged AoI diameter in the fetuses of mothers with ICP and the association of this enlargement with NICU requirements are important findings of this study. Further research with a larger number of patients is necessary to evaluate the clinical utility of fetal AoI diameter and Doppler parameters in ICP.
Subjective sleep quality, but not objective sleep measures, mediates the relationship between pre‐sleep worrying and affective wellbeing
Authors: Werner Anika , Hachenberger Justin , Spiegelhalder Kai , Rueth Jana‐Elisa , Schlarb Angelika A. , Lohaus Arnold , Lemola Sakari 
Published: January 2025

SummaryPre‐sleep worrying is associated with sleep disturbance, which in turn is associated with impaired affective wellbeing. However, studies examining the fine‐grained temporal order of these variables are still lacking. In particular, within‐person mediation of the association between pre‐sleep worrying and the following day's affective wellbeing by subjective and objective indicators of sleep has not been tested yet. This study investigates the extent to which pre‐sleep worrying predicts positive/negative affect the following day, and whether subjective/objective sleep disturbances are possible mediators for this relationship. Data from two experience sampling studies were pooled for the analyses, resulting in a total sample of 220 participants aged between 18 and 30 years (M = 23.2 years, SD = 2.8). The hypotheses were tested at both the between‐ and within‐subject level using causal mediation analysis. The within‐subject analyses revealed partial mediation of the relationship between pre‐sleep worrying and positive as well as negative affect the next day by subjective sleep quality. By contrast, sleep as measured by actigraphy appears not to be relevant for the link between pre‐sleep worrying and affective wellbeing the following day. Baseline levels of depressive symptoms and sleep disturbances did not moderate the associations between pre‐sleep worrying, sleep indices and affective states the following day. Improving perceived sleep quality by addressing pre‐sleep worrying could be a potential avenue to enhance affective wellbeing and promote better mental health in young adults.
Formula Labelling in the United Kingdom: Manufacturers' Compliance With the Code, UK Law and Guidance Notes
Authors: Kamata Maiko , Pereira‐Kotze Catherine , Kerac Marko , Sibson Victoria 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe International Code of Marketing of Breastmilk Substitutes (‘the Code’) was established to protect babies and young children from inappropriate marketing of formula milk, bottles and teats and avoid undue commercial influence on caregiver infant feeding practices, including undermining breastfeeding and safe and appropriate formula feeding. UK law encompasses some but not all of the Code. To address persisting concerns about the marketing of infant formula (IF) and follow‐on formula (FoF), we assessed labelling compliance in the UK against relevant provisions in the Code, UK law and Department of Health and Social Care (DHSC) Guidance Notes which interpret UK law. Data were collected during July and August 2022 by taking pictures of labels from company websites, in shops and online. We developed three labelling checklists to systematically assess compliance and to compare compliance scores between the regulatory frameworks, formula types and brands. We assessed 57 labels (n = 32 IF and n = 25 FoF) and found low overall compliance: 50% complied with UK law, 32% with Guidance Notes and 40% with the Code. None of the labels complied with provisions prohibiting idealising text and photographs, nutrition and health claims (where relevant) and cross‐promotion between formula types. In conclusion, UK IF and FoF labels violate many of the provisions of all three regulatory frameworks. This is evidence of inappropriate marketing. The UK law should be better enforced and strengthened in line with the Code to protect breastfeeding, support safer, appropriate formula feeding and lessen commercial influence on infant feeding practices.
Seascape Genomics of Elacatinus punctiulatus (Ginsburg, 1938): Understanding the Historical and Contemporary Drivers of Population Structure in the Gulf of California
Authors: De Jesús‐Bonilla Vladimir Salvador , Quintero‐Grijalva Alejandra , Cruz‐Hernández Pedro , Martínez‐Rincón Raúl Octavio , Hernández‐Saavedra Norma Y. , Valenzuela‐Quiñonez Fausto 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe genomic diversity and population structure of marine species represents a complex mosaic shaped by historical and contemporary environmental seascape features that maintain or alter it over time. The Gulf of California (GC) is an interior sea with a dynamic history during its formation and a contemporary environmental and oceanographic complexity; hence, it is a suitable system to test the effect of historical and contemporary factors on genomic diversity in marine species. We investigated the genomic seascape of the redhead goby (Elacatinus puncticulatus; Ginsburg, 1938), a cryptobenthic marine fish, to gain insights into the historical and contemporary drivers shaping its population structure in the GC. A total of 4802 SNPs markers were analysed, with 3775 loci classified as neutral markers and 27 as outlier markers potentially under selection. Both markers demonstrated population structure, with the neutral markers showing two main groups corresponding to northern and southern locatities. The outlier markers identified an additional genetic group emerging in the central area of the sampled localities. Genetic differentiation between the North and South regions and historical demographic simulations was consistent with ancient divergence (1.04 Mya) and secondary contact (0.15 Mya). The genomic environmental association analysis revealed a possible adaptive scenario linked to ocean temperature. The study highlights the importance of historical events, contemporary environmental factors, and oceanographic circulation in shaping the genetic structure of E. puncticulatus populations in the GC.
Re‐emergence of Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus) in Egypt: Predicting distribution shifts under climate changes
Authors: Soliman Mustafa M. , El‐Hawagry Magdi S. A. , Samy Abdallah M. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAedes aegypti, the primary vector of several medically significant arboviruses—including dengue fever, yellow fever, chikungunya and Zika—was successfully eradicated from Egypt in 1963. However, since 2011, there have been increasing reports of its re‐emergence, alongside dengue outbreaks in southern Egyptian governorates, raising significant public health concerns. This study aimed to model the current and future distribution of Ae. aegypti in Egypt. Local occurrence data were integrated with bioclimatic, anthropogenic and biological environmental variables to identify key factors influencing the distribution of Ae. aegypti. Maximum entropy (MaxEnt) modelling demonstrated strong predictive performance (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUC] mean = 0.975; true skill statistic [TSS] mean = 0.789). The key determinants of habitat suitability were identified as human population density, annual precipitation and the normalised difference vegetation index (NDVI). Current predictions indicate that suitable habitats for Ae. aegypti are concentrated in the Nile Valley, Nile Delta, Fayoum Basin, Red Sea coast and South Sinai. Projections under future climate change scenarios suggest an expansion of suitable habitats, particularly in the Nile Delta region. By 2050, the model predicts a 61%–68% increase in suitable habitat area, with a further 64%–69% increase by 2070, depending on the future climate scenarios. These findings are crucial for informing vector control and disease prevention strategies, particularly considering Egypt's status as one of the world's leading tourist destinations.
Fungal Skin Disease Incidence, Prevalence and Disability‐Adjusted Life Years in Four Asian Countries (1990–2019)
Authors: Xihua Yuan , Xiaofeng Qin , Lulu Tang , Zhiyu Kong , Min Deng , Yi Wu 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundFungal skin diseases are a significant burden in Asia, with varying trends from 1990 to 2019, highlighting the need for targeted interventions.ObjectiveTo investigate long‐term trends in the incidence, prevalence and disability‐adjusted life‐year rates for fungal skin diseases in China, India, Japan and Singapore from 1990 to 2019.Patients/MethodsData were obtained from the 2019 Global Burden of Disease Study. Independent age, period and cohort effects were calculated using age–period–cohort analysis.ResultsAge‐standardised incidence, prevalence and disability‐adjusted life‐year rates of fungal skin diseases in China, India, Japan and Singapore decreased from 1990 to 2019. India has the highest standardised incidence, prevalence and disability‐adjusted life‐year rates. The crude incidence, prevalence and disability‐adjusted life‐year rates showed an increasing trend in China, Japan and Singapore, and a decreasing trend in India. The age–period–cohort analysis found that the age effect increased in China, Japan and Singapore at ages 45–94 years, and India showed higher risk coefficients at ages 5–20 and 45–94 years. The period effect increased in the four countries, with more pronounced increases in Japan and Singapore. The cohort effect showed a monotonic decline with birth cohort in the four countries, with a slightly slower decline in India.ConclusionFungal skin diseases pose a serious burden in Asian countries. We recommend raising awareness and providing specialised interventions for fungal skin diseases, especially for high‐risk groups, such as middle‐aged and older adults aged ≤ 45 years and young Indians aged ≤ 20 years.
Off‐target drift of the herbicide dicamba disrupts plant–pollinator interactions via novel pathways
Authors: Baucom Regina S. , Iriart Veronica , Soble Anah , Armstrong Matthew R. , Ashman Tia‐Lynn 
Published: January 2025

Summary
While herbicide use in agriculture is expected to have many effects on surrounding weed communities, it is largely unknown how plant exposure to sublethal doses of herbicide may subsequently impact plant–pollinator interactions. We tested the hypothesis that sublethal herbicide exposure indirectly alters plant–pollinator interactions through changes in plant traits, and specifically through alterations in floral display.
Using a common garden experiment, we exposed 11 weed species to the herbicide dicamba and examined the potential for changes in pollinator abundance and patterns of pollinator visitation as well as alterations to plant traits.
We found variation among plant species in the extent of damage from dicamba drift, and variation in size, flowering time, and flower displays, with some plant species showing negative impacts and others showing little effect. Pollinator frequencies were reduced in dicamba‐exposed plots, and pollinator visits were reduced for some weed species yet not for others. Structural equation modeling revealed that the relationship between flower display and pollinator visits was disrupted in the presence of dicamba.
Our study provides the most comprehensive picture to date of the impacts of herbicide drift on plant–pollinator interactions, with findings that highlight an underappreciated role of services supplied by weedy communities.
Cutaneous Mastocytosis in Pediatric Patients With Skin of Color: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Walker Trent D. , Varra Vamsi , Fosu Nana , Paradiso Michela , Mosser‐Goldfarb Joy 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTCutaneous mastocytosis (CM) is a rare skin disease with limited data on its prevalence across different racial groups. This retrospective cohort study examines the characteristics of CM at Nationwide Children's Hospital (NCH) from January 2010 to June 2022, identifying 192 confirmed cases of CM and further stratifying this cohort to 155 patients with documented Fitzpatrick phototypes. There were two important findings: first, nine (4.7%) of the CM cases were Black and 165 (85.9%) were White, compared to 8502 (23.0%) Black and 21,177 (57.3%) White of the overall NCH dermatology population; second, 85.8% were Fitzpatrick phototypes I–III, and 14.9% were types IV–VI with no significant differences, other than types IV–VI being more likely to receive treatment (p = 0.01). Our study highlights the need to better understand the genetics and other risk factors of CM, as well as the social determinants of health impacting pediatric patients with skin of color.
Deletion of Flv3A facilitates long‐term H2 photoproduction in diazotrophic Anabaena sp. PCC 7120
Authors: He Meilin , Santana‐Sánchez Anita , Tóth Gábor Szilveszter , Ermakova Maria , Collard Darius , Kosourov Sergey , Allahverdiyeva Yagut 
Published: January 2025

AbstractMolecular hydrogen (H2) is a promising energy carrier, and its production by photosynthetic microorganisms holds substantial potential for advancing renewable energy generation. The nitrogenase‐mediated H2 production using heterocyst‐forming cyanobacteria represents a promising approach, as the process utilizes light energy and photosynthetic reductants while being naturally protected from O2‐rich environments by its restriction to microoxic heterocyst cells. We investigated the impact of deleting the vegetative cell‐specific flavodiiron protein, Flv3A, on the long‐term H2 photoproduction of the model heterocyst‐forming cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. PCC 7120. The H2 photoproduction response was evaluated under varying atmospheric conditions, with or without N2 and O2, and compared to the ∆hupL mutant, which is deficient in the large subunit of uptake hydrogenase, and the ∆hupL/flv3A double mutant. Unlike the ΔhupL mutant, H2 photoproduction in Δflv3A is not enhanced by increased nitrogenase activity or high accumulation of sugars in cells. Our results suggest that the absence of the vegetative cell‐localized Flv3A positively affects H2 photoproduction in heterocysts by simultaneously downregulating hupL expression and enhancing the O2 tolerance of nitrogenase via a yet unexplored mechanism. These findings advance our understanding of nitrogenase‐driven H2 production and provide a new strategy to address key limitations in long‐term photobiological H2 production.
Tuberculosis: An Update for the Clinician
Authors: Janssen Saskia , Murphy Melissa , Upton Caryn , Allwood Brian , Diacon Andreas H. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTTuberculosis (TB) remains a significant global health threat with high mortality and efforts to meet WHO End TB Strategy milestones are off‐track. It has become clear that TB is not a dichotomous infection with latent and active forms but presents along a disease spectrum. Subclinical TB plays a larger role in transmission than previously thought. Aerosol studies have shown that undiagnosed TB patients, even with paucibacillary disease, can be highly infectious and significantly contribute to TB spread. Encouraging clinical results have been seen with the M72/AS01E vaccine. If preliminary results can be confirmed in ongoing larger trials, modelling shows the vaccine can positively impact the epidemic. TB preventive therapy (TPT), especially for high‐risk groups like people living with HIV and household contacts of drug‐resistant TB patients, has shown efficacy but implementation is resource intensive. Treatment options for infectious patients have grown rapidly. New shorter, all‐oral treatment regimens represent a breakthrough, but progress is threatened by rising resistance to bedaquiline. Many new chemical entities are entering clinical trials and raise hopes for all‐new regimens that could overcome rising resistance rates to conventional agents. More research is needed on the management of complex cases, such as central nervous system TB and severe HIV‐associated TB. Post‐TB lung disease (PTLD) is an under‐recognised but growing concern, affecting millions of survivors with lasting respiratory impairment and increased mortality. Continued investment in development of TB vaccines and therapeutics, treatment shortening, and management of TB sequelae is critical to combat this ongoing public health challenge.
Understanding Residential Address Patterns in Urban and Rural Areas: A Machine Learning Approach
Authors: Cruz Paula , Vanneschi Leonardo , Painho Marco 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTAddress data quality has a direct impact on demographic and other spatial analyses, since it may lead to uncertainty and potential bias. Most of the existing studies measure address quality through matching with reference databases, which can be an expensive and time‐consuming process. To bridge this gap, we propose a multiclass classification algorithm to evaluate the syntactic quality of residential addresses from a large database without using external databases. Namely, we adopt a multi‐objective optimization approach, based on the NSGA‐II algorithm and two modified k‐NN algorithms. The objective is to find the address components as well as the optimal number of neighboring examples that help explain which class (good, incorrect or incomplete and anomalous) the quality of an address belongs to, by type of region (urban, medium urban, and rural). The presented results indicate that the proposed approach outperforms the best baseline algorithms on multiclass classification, while also providing descriptive information on the most relevant features and median local neighborhood of each instance. With this study, we further extend previous research in the field of address pattern extraction, by explicitly differentiating urban and rural areas as well as invalid and anomalous addresses.
Investigation of Compressive Failure of Ice During Particle Indentation
Authors: Fitzpatrick Thomas , Taylor Rocky S. , Thijssen Jan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The indentation of rock particles into ice is an important aspect of understanding subsea interactions involving ice features and gravelly soil. This article investigates the indentation of rock particles into an ice specimen, where observations are made to study the effect of changes in indentation rate and the relative spacing from previously formed damage zones on resulting force and pressure trends. Experiments were conducted for three indentation rates: 10 mm/s, 0.5 mm/s, and 0.01 mm/s. Observations were also completed for three unique spacing distances between the rock particle and previous damage zones, taken as 2D (26 mm), 5D (65 mm), and 7D (96 mm), where the diameter D was based on a mean rock diameter of 13 mm. Maximum observed forces and pressures exerted onto the ice by the rock particles are examined and compared based on changes in the noted test parameters. These were completed alongside observations from tests conducted using 170 g samples of rocks ranging in size from 9.5 mm to 19.1 mm for tests completed at an indentation rate of 0.5 mm/s for indentation depths of 5 mm and 7 mm. In addition, preliminary results are presented from a matlab model that has been developed based on the aggregation of independent, individual particle–ice interaction events to simulate multiple particle–ice interactions. A comparison of experimental and simulated results indicates good general agreement and supports the assumption of independent particle–ice indentation events for the interaction conditions considered.