bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Histometric studies on biopsies of tuberculin skin tests showing evidence of ischaemia and necrosis
Authors: Beck J. Swanson , Gibbs J. H. , Potts R. C. , Kardjito T. , Grange J. M. , Jawad Emtithal S. , Spence V. A. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractIn a study of tuberculin skin tests in 216 consecutive untreated pulmonary tuberculosis patients, one showed central necrosis at 48 h: there was no effective blood flow at the centre of this lesion, but the periphery was markedly hyperaemic. Many dermal capillaries and venules contained deposits of fibrin, but none was occluded completely: the surviving cells in the dermal infiltrate were almost all macrophages.Five patients with strongly positive reactions at 48 h showed slower blood flow at the centre of the reaction than at the periphery (central relative slowing, CRS), possibly indicating central ischaemia short of necrosis: no fibrin deposits were seen in the dermal vessels of these skin test sites. The cellular infiltrate in the dermis was similar in distribution, but more abundant than that seen in uncomplicated positive reactions of comparable clinical size and with blood flow velocity maximal at the centre. At 48 h, lymphocytes were more numerous than macrophages in both groups, CD8 lymphocytes were more abundant in CRS reactions, but CD4 and CD25 (activated) T‐lymphocytes and macrophages had a similar density in both groups. Epidermal CD1 cells were less frequent in CRS reactions than in uncomplicated positive reactions. Although CRS reactions showed more intense inflammation than the uncomplicated controls, none of the histometric measurements correlated with the extent of CRS.Follow‐up studies showed that CRS reactions reverted to a normal hyperaemic blood flow pattern 5 days after antigen injection. Thus, relative ischaemia may arise temporarily in intense delayed hypersensitivity reactions during the early developing phase when compensatory hyperaemia is unable to match metabolic demand, but the tissue will survive for a few days provided the vessels are not occluded by fibrin.
Localization of endothelin‐like immunoreactivity in airway epithelium of rats and mice
Authors: Rozengurt Nora , Springall David R. , Polak Julia M. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractWe have examined lungs from adult Wistar rats (n = 6) and four different strains of juvenile and adult mice (n = 40) to localize endothelin‐like immunoreactivity. Paraffin sections of lung tissue fixed by distension in Bouin's fluid were stained by the peroxidase–antiperoxidase (PAP) method using 10 different rabbit antisera to endothelin. Immunoreactivity was detected in the majority of epithelial cells of conducting airways from the hilum to the periphery and was similar in rats and all four strains of mice studied. Intense immunostaining was detected in mucous, serous and Clara cells and in occasional alveolar pneumocytes type II. Basal cells and most ciliated cells did not immunostain. From these results it is concluded that endothelin‐like immunoreactivity is present in bronchiolar epithelial cells in vivo in rats and mice.
Morphometric evaluation of intracytoplasmic lipid in normal and pathological parathyroid glands
Authors: Cinti Saverio , Sbarbati Andrea , Zancanaro Carlo , Morroni Manrico , Franceschini Fiorella , Carboni Vittorio , Cascio Vincenzo Lo 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe chief morphological criterion for classifying parathyroid glands as “normal”, ‘suppressed’, or ‘activated’ is the lipid content of the cytoplasm. In particular, cytoplasm lipid deposit is scanty in the active parathyroid cell, according to many authors. In this paper we present the results of a morphometrical study of ten normal parathyroid glands from patients undergoing thyroidectomy, 20 enlarged ‘adenomatous’ glands from patients with primary hyperparathyroidism, and 20 glands of normal size from the same hyperparathyroid patients. We aimed at assessing the content of intracytoplasmic lipid of secretory cells in all these conditions. The results show that secretory cells of adenomatous glands have less lipid than those from normal glands; however, there was considerable overlapping of the data in the two groups. The mean lipid content of cells in glands of normal size taken from hyperparathyroid patients was not significantly different from the mean value of normal cells, even when ultrastructural evidence of activation was present in the former. These data suggest that caution has to be exercised in assessing the functional status of parathyroid glands on the basis of lipid content of secretory cells, mainly when differentiating between adenoma and hyperplasia.
Expression of the VLA family of integrins in human intestine
Authors: Choy M.‐Y. , Richman P. I. , Horton M. A. , Macdonald T. T. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe distribution of cells expressing the integrins VLA‐1 to 6 in human intestine was examined by alkaline phosphatase immunohistochemistry using monoclonal antibodies specific for the individual α‐chains of the VLA heterodimer. VLA‐2,3, and 6 were expressed on all epithelial cells in the small and large bowel. VLA‐1 was expressed on crypt cells in the small and large bowel, but was only weakly expressed or was absent on villus epithelial cells in the small bowel and colonic surface epithelial cells. All epithelia were negative for VLA‐4 and VLA‐5. Intraepithelial lymphocytes were VLA‐l+ and VLA‐4+.VLA‐1, 3, and 5 were expressed uniformly by muscularis propria, muscularis mucosae, pericrypt cells, and smooth muscle fibres within the villi. By contrast, VLA‐2 and 4 were present only in pericrypt cells and fibres within the villi; they were absent from the muscularis mucosae. VLA‐1, 3, 5, and 6 were expressed by endothelium.Staining of muscle fibres and endothelium in the lamina propria made it difficult to determine the extent of VLA expression on lamina propria lymphocytes. However, VLA‐ 1 + cells with lymphoid morphology were only rarely seen. All mononuclear cells in the lamina propria were VLA‐4 +.
Microdissection: A novel method for the study of intracellular inclusion bodies
Authors: Martin J. E. , Swash M. , Mather K. , Garofalo O. , Dale G. E. , Leigh P. N. , Anderton B. H. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe purification of many intracellular and extracellular inclusions is often difficult to achieve due to the low concentration of the abnormalities in the tissue under study, or due to the degradation of components during extraction. We describe the use of microdissection for the isolation of neurons and intraneuronal inclusion bodies. The resulting suspension may be used for biochemical, immunological or ultraslructural studies. The technique is applicable to the study of a wide range of cellular abnormalities.
Histochemical detection of the messenger RNAs coding for calcitonin and calcitonin gene‐related peptide in medullary thyroid carcinomas with radioactive and biotinylated oligonucleotide probes
Authors: Mougin C. , Guitteny A. F. , Fouque B. , Viennet G. , Teoule R. , Bloch B. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThs present study has been undertaken to investigate the efficiency of biotinylated synthetic oligonucleotide probes in detection by in situ hybridization of the mRNAs coding for calcitonin (CT) or calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP) in human medullary thyroid carcinomas (MTCs). Tissue sections fixed with formaldehyde were hybridized with 45‐base long oligonucleotides, specific for CT or CGRP mRNA. Recombinant DNA probe or synthetic oligonucleotides radioactively labelled with 32P or 35S were used as controls to detect by autoradiography the corresponding mRNAs in the tumour cells. Oligonucleotide probes labelled by fixation of one biotin molecule at their 5′‐end, or by incorporation of a tail of biotin‐11‐dUTP at their 3′ ‐end, were used and were revealed by incubation with streptavidinalkaline phosphatase associated with the corresponding substrate. Each biotinylated probe stained exclusively the cytoplasm of the tumour cells, the CT probe giving a much higher level of staining than the CGRP probe. The same cells were found to contain CT and CGRP mRNAs. Controls performed with either radioactive or biotinylated probes confirmed the specificity of the staining. These results demonstrate that biotinylated synthetic oligonucleotides can be used as efficient tools to investigate gene expression in tissue sections, thus avoiding the various inconveniences connected with the use of radioactive probes, especially bio‐hazards, the use of autoradiography, the limited histological resolution, and the delay in obtaining results.
Adenosine deaminase complexing protein (ADCP) expression and metastatic potential in prostatic adenocarcinomas
Authors: Dinjens Winand N. M. , Kate Joop Ten , Kirch Jan A. J. M. , Tanke Hans J. , van der Linden Edith P. M. , van den Ingh Harry F. G. M. , van Steenbrugge Gert Jan , Khan P. Meera , Bosman Fred T. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe expression of the adenosine deaminase complexing protein (ADCP) was Investigated by immunohistochemistry in the normal and hyperplastic human prostate, in 30 prostatic adenocarcinomas, and in seven human prostatic adenocarcinoma cell lines grown as xenografts in athymic nude mice. In the normal and hyperplastic prostate, ADCP was localized exclusively in the apical membrane and the apical cytoplasm of the glandular epithelial cells. In prostatic adenocarcinomas, four distinct ADCP expression patterns were observed: diffuse cytoplasmic, membranous, both cytoplasmic and membranous, and no ADCP expression. The expression patterns were compared with the presence of metastases. We found an inverse correlation between membranous ADCP immunoreactivity and metastatic propensity. Exclusively membranous ADCP immunoreactivity occurred only in non‐metastatic tumours. In contrast, the metastatic tumours showed no or diffuse cytoplasmic ADCP immunoreactivity. This suggests that immunohistochemical detection of ADCP might predict the biological behaviour of prostatic cancer. However, the occurrence of membranous ADCP immunoreactivity in the xenograft of a cell line (PC‐EW), derived from a prostatic carcinoma metastasis, indicates that not only the tendency to metastasize modulates ADCP expression.
Identification of primary tumour site by immunolocalization of progastricsin in metastatic adenocarcinoma
Authors: Reid William A. , Branch Timothy , Gorman Christopher , Kay John 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe aspartic proteinase zymogen, progastricsin, which occurs in normal gastroduodenal mucosa and prostate has been localized by the immunogold‐silver method in formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded sections of metastatic adenocarinoma in lymph nodes and liver, the primary site being known in each case. Progastricsin was demonstrated in 16 of 84 lymph node metastases, including 7 of 17 from stomach, 2 of 2 from prostate, and 7 of 65 from other sites Progastricsin was also found in 19 of 98 hepatic metastases, including 8 of 22 from stomach, 6 of 24 from pancreas, and 5 of 52 from other sites. The presence of progastricsin in a metastasis correlated well with a primary tumour in the stomach or prostate or, less significantly, pancreas. Immunolocalization of progastricsin in a histological section of metastatic adenocarcinoma may help to locate the primary site.
A study of the properties of a low‐grade mucosal B‐cell lymphoma using a monoclonal antibody specific for the tumour immunoglobulin
Authors: Spencer J. O. , Diss Tim C. , Isaacson Peter G. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractPrimary low‐grade B‐cel1 lymphomas of mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) are tumours with distinctive clinico‐pathological characteristics, two of which are studied in this paper, namely the tendency of the tumours to remain localized and the morphologic and phenotypic resemblance of the malignant cells to splenic marginal zone B cells. We have made a detailed study of a small intestinal lymphoma and a gastric lymphoma, which together with the spleen were resected from the same patient. Using a monoclonal antibody (7G3) raised against a unique determinant on the small intestinal tumour, we were able to detect disseminated small intestinal tumour cells in the stomach and spleen. The tumour in the stomach was genetically related, but non‐identical to that in the small intestine, and was not recognized by 7G3. Lymphocytes expressing the marker of the small intestinal tumour (7G3) were present in lymphoid nodules in the stomach, and 7G3+ plasma cells were present beneath the gastric epithelium. In the speen, cells expressing 7G3 were present in the marginal zone and plasma cells expressing the same marker were present in the red pulp. These findings suggest that low‐grade MALT lymphomas may migrate beyond the primary tumour site, but that tumour cells distant to the primary site may differentiate into mature, non‐dividing plasma cells. The localization of small intestinal tumour cells in the splenic marginal zones reinforces the suggestion of lineage homology between these populations of cells.
Morphometric correlates of renal excretory function
Authors: Howie A. J. , Gunson B. K. , Sparke J. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThere is often thought to be little or no correlation between renal excretory function and histological changes in the kidney, especially in acute renal failure and in the kidney examined post‐mortem. We studied the relationship between renal function and structure in 28 patients at necropsy and in 41 patients who had had a renal biopsy. A point‐counting method was used on kidney stained by an immunoperoxidase method using an antiserum to proximal tubule brush border an antiserum to Tamm–Horsfall protein, which is a marker of thick limbs of the loop of Henle: and a monoclonal antibody to epithelial membrane antigen, normally a marker of all parts of the tubule except proximal tubule. There was a correlation between the reciprocal of plasma creatinine concentration, which is a measure of renal, function, and the ratio of brush border positive tubules to negative tubules. There was also a less strong correlation between renal function and ratios of Tamm–Horsfall positive tubules to negative tubules and of cast‐containing tubules to others. There was no correlation between renal function and the ratio of tubules expressing epithelial membrane antigen to those not expressing it. The method of point‐counting tubules stained by the brush border antiserum was a useful, practical way of correlating renal function and structure which could be used even on post‐mortem kidney.
Assessment of glomerular size in renal biopsies including minimal change nephropathy and single kidneys
Authors: Newbold K. M. , Howie A. J. , Koram A. , Adu D. , Michael J. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractA method of assessing glomerular size on sections of post‐mortem kidney was adapted for use on needle biopsies of kidney. A semi‐automatic image analyser was used to measure the cross‐sectional area of the outline of Bowman's capsule on all glomeruli in renal biopsies. The mean of approximately the largest 25 per cent of areas was calculated. The method was used to compare glomeruli in 13 control patients without obvious structural abnormalities with those in 10 patients with a single kidney, 22 with minimal change nephropathy, and 20 with membranous nephropathy. Patients were at least 14 years old. Glomeruli in minimal change nephropathy were significantly smaller than those in all other groups. Glomeruli in single kidneys were significantly larger than those in all other groups. Glomeruli in membranous nephropathy were the same size as controls. Any differences between groups could not be explained by differences in body build. It is possible that in adults glomeruli in minimal change nephropathy are abnormally small. The method of assessing glomerular size can be used on renal biopsies as well as on sections of whole kidney.
The behaviour of human oral squamous cell carcinoma in cell culture
Authors: Prime Stephen S. , Nixon Sally V. R. , Crane Isabel J. , Stone Andrea , Matthews John B. , Maitland Norman J. , Remnant Lucy , Powell Susan K. , Game Stephen M. , Scully Crispian 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThis study examined the initial behaviour of 48 human oral squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) in cell culture. The early outcome of these cultures (contamination, absence of cell growth, epithelial cell senescence/fibroblast overgrowth, extended keratinocyte growth) did not reflect the clinical characteristics of the tumours of origin. Four new human oral SCC cell lines were characterized more extensively. Each cell line was immortal, 3T3‐independent, and expressed low degrees of anchorage independence (CFE < 4 percent). Two of the four cell lines were tumorigenic in athymic mice. All of the cell lines expressed keratin intermediate filaments and two showed weak co‐expression of vimentin. A wide range of keratins were expressed by the tumour xenografts; cornified keratins(Kl, K10) were only expressed in the absence of K19 and vimentin, and vice versa. The nuclear: cytoplasmic ratio and the degree of serum independence correlated with each other and with the STNMP clinical grading of the tumours of origin.
Oestrogen receptor staining of paraffin‐embedded breast carcinomas following short fixation in formalin: A comparison with cytosolic and frozen section receptor analyses
Authors: Raymond Wendy A. , Leong Anthony S.‐Y. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThis paper describes an improved immunohistochemical method for demonstrating oestrogen receptor (OR) protein in paraffin‐embedded sections of tissue fixed for 1.5h in formalin. Thirty‐two cases of infiltrating ductal breast carcinoma were stained with a monoclonal anti‐OR antibody (H222), using a standard streptavidin–biotin method, following pretreatment with pronase. OR counts in paraffin sections were compared with those of frozen sections and with cytosolic values detcrmined by a dextran‐coated charcoal method. Twenty‐seven of the carcinomas were OR‐positive in paraffin sections. There was concordance between the paraffin section and the frozen section‐determined receptor status in 30 cases (94 per cent) and a strong correlation was observed (r = 0.76: P< 0.0001). Similarly, OR counts in paraffin sections correlated with cytosolic OR values (r = 0‐60; P < 0.001) and there was concordance in 97 per cent of cases. The percentage of positively‐stained tumour cells in paraffin sections ranged from 0 to 94 percent with staining intensities comparable to those seen in frozen sections. Staining of paraffin sections identified more OR‐positive tumours than either frozen section staining or cylosolic assay. This study validates immunohistochemical OR analysis in formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded breast carcinomas using a commercial ami‐OR antibody.
Time‐related decrease of substance P and CGRP in central and peripheral projections of sensory neurones in Mycobacterium leprae infected nude mice: A model for lepromatous leprosy in man
Authors: Karanth S. S. , Springall D. R. , Kar S. , Gibson S. J. , Royston J. P. , Banerjee D. K. , Polak J. M. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractWe have previously shown the depletion of cutaneous calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP)‐ and substance P‐comaining nerves in human leprosy. The aims of this study were to investigate the temporal effects of leprosy on nerves in skin and spinal cord. Tissues were taken from nude mice, 6 and 12 months after inoculation of Mycobacterium leprae into the hind footpads, and from age‐matched controls. Sections were immunostained with antisera to substance P or CGRP. After 6 months of infection, substance P‐ and CGRP‐immunoreactive nerves were reduced in skin from all body areas; by 12 months, the reduction was substantially greater. In the spinal cord, sensory fibres immunoreactive for substance P had decreased compared with controls at 6 and 12 months [by 60 per cent (0.022 mm2) and 80 per cent (0.048 mm2), respectively, P<0.001], as with CGRP [30 per cent (0.018 mm2) (P<0.02) and 40 percent (0.028 mm2) (P<0.01), respectively]. CGRP immunoreactivity was completely absent in motor neurones after 12 months of infection. Loss of CGRP‐ and substance P‐immunoreactive fibres in skin and spinal cord, and CGRP in motor neurones is in accord with impaired pain sensation and muscle weakness in leprosy.
NCL‐CB11, a new monoclonal antibody recognizing the internal domain of the c‐erbB‐2 oncogene protein effective for use on formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded tissue
Authors: Corbett Ian P. , Henry James A. , Angus Brian , Watchorn Caroline J. , Wilkinson Linda , Hennessy Colm , Gullick William J. , Tuzi Nadia L. , May Felicity E. B. , Westley Bruce R. , Horne Charles H. W. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe c‐erbB‐2 proto‐oncogene encodes a 190 k Mr protein representing a putative growth factor receptor with considerable homology to the EGF receptor. Gene amplification and overexpression of the oncogene protein have been demonstrated in a variety of tumours including breast cancer, where it is associated with a poor prognosis.In this study we have produced and characterized a mouse monoclonal antibody, designated NCL‐CB11, to the c‐erbB‐2 protein. NCL‐CB11 was generated to a synthetic peptide sequence corresponding to a site of predicted antigenicity near the C‐terminus of the internal domain of the protein. NCL‐CB11 produces intense membrane‐associated immunohistochemical staining in a proportion of human cancer cells. The specificity of the antibody is supported by Western blotting and immunoprecipitation studies. Reactivity with an internal site of the protein is confirmed by the necessity of cell permeabilization for reactivity in fluorescence‐activated cell sorter(FACS) analysis. A high degree of correlation between immunohistochemical staining using NCL‐CB11, and c‐erbB‐2 gene amplification has been observed.NCL‐CB11 should prove to be a valuable reagent for investigations into the pathological significance of c‐erbB‐2 protein expression.
Immunohistochemical localization of parathyroid hormone‐related protein in parathyroid adenoma and hyperplasia
Authors: Danks Janine A. , Ebeling Peter R. , Hayman John A. , Diefenbach‐jagger Hannelore , Collier Fiona Mcl , Grill Vivian , Southby Justine , Moseley Jane M. , Chou S. T. , Martin T. John 
Published: June 2005

AbstractParathyroid hormone‐related protein (PTHrP) is invoked as the cause of humoral hypercalcaemia of malignancy (HHM); it is contained in the keratinocyte layer of normal skin; and there is evidence that is is produced by fetal parathyroids. Antibodies against synthetic PTHrP peptides have been raised in rabbits and sheep. This immunohisto‐chemical study has found that primary parathyroid adenomata and hyperplastic glands from patients with chronic renal failure stain positively with antisera against PTHrP(1–34) and PTHrP(50–69). Primary hyperplastic glands are negative. No staining with anti‐PTHrP(106–141) antiserum could be detected immunohistochemically in any of the parathyroid adenomata or hyperplasia.