bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
F56Blood velocity in fetal Galen vein and outcome of pregnancy
Authors: Gudmundsson S. , Dubiel M. , Breborowicz G. H. , Laurini R. 
Published: March 2003

BackgroundPulsating blood velocity in the umbilical vein is an indicator of fetal compromise with poor outcome. Blood velocity in the fetal vein of Galen is normally even and without fluctuation. The propose of this study was to establish whether blood flow velocity pulsations in the Galen vein seen in high‐risk pregnancies were also related to adverse outcome of pregnancy.MethodsThe vein of Galen was located by color Doppler ultrasound in 102 pregnancies complicated by pregnancy‐induced hypertension and blood velocity recorded by pulsed Doppler within 2 days of delivery. The presence of blood velocity pulsation's was noted and correlated to perinatal outcome, including emergency operative intervention and/or neonatal distress. Umbilical artery and venous, uterine and middle cerebral artery blood velocity was also recorded at the same time.ResultsPulsating blood velocity in the vein of galen was found in 68 cases and in the umbilical vein in 21. Venous pulsations were highly significantly related to adverse outcome of pregnancy. Pulsations in the Galen vein were three times more frequent than in the umbilical vein, suggesting that it appears earlier than in the umbilical vein. In all the 7 perinatal deaths there were pulsations in the Galen vein. Signs of brain sparing in the middle cerebral artery were seen in only 32 fetuses.ConclusionVenous pulsations in the umbilical and Galen vein were both significantly correlated to adverse outcome of high‐risk pregnancy. Pulsations in the vein of Galen seem to occur earlier than in the umbilical vein, which might be helpful when deciding the timing of delivery of a high‐risk case with minimal neonatal morbidity.
F06Transvaginal sonography, hydrosonography and hysteroscopy for the investigation of women with postmenopausal bleeding and endometrium ≥ 5 mm
Authors: Epstein E.E. , Ramirez A. , Skoog L. , Valentin L. 
Published: March 2003

ObjectiveTo determine the ability of transvaginal ultralsound, with or without saline infusion (hydrosonography), to detect focally growing lesions in the uterine cavity in women with postmenopausal bleeding and endometrium ≥ 5 mm, and to determine the accuracy of conventional ultrasound, hydrosonography and hysteroscopy with regard to diagnosing endometrial polyps, submucous myomas and uterine malignancy.MethodsIn a proscpective study 105 women with postmenopausal bleeding and endometrium ≥ 5 mm, underwent conventional ultrasound examination and hydrosonography. Diagnostic hysteroscopy, D & C, and hysteroscopic resection were the performed. The presence of focally growing lesions, and the type of lesion (e.g. endometrial polyp, submucous myoma or malignancy) were noted at ultrasound examination and at hysteroscopy. The endpoints were focally growing lesions detected at hysteroscopy and final pathological diagnosis.ResultsThere was almost perfect agreement (96%) between hydrosonography and hysteroscopy with regard to detecting focally growing lesions. Hydrosonography and hysteroscopy both had a sensitivity of around 80% with regard to endometrial polyps (false positive rate 24% and 6%, respectively), whereas conventional ultrasound missed half of the polyps (sensitivity 49%, false positive rate 19%). Hysteroscopy was superior to both hydrosonography and conventional ultrasound for discrimination between benign and malignant lesions in the uterine cavity (sensitivity 84%, 44%, and 60%; false positive rate 15%, 6%, and 10%). We found a seven fold increased risk of malignancy in women with distension problems at hydrosonography (odds ratio 7.3, 95% CI 1.9–27.8).ConclusionHydrosonography is as good as hysteroscopy at detecting focally growing lesions in the uterine cavity in women with postmenopausal bleeding. However, neither hysteroscopy nor hydrosonography can reliably discriminate between benign and malignant focal lesions. Distension problems at hydrosonography should raise a suspicion of malignacy.
F75Determining fetal lung volume using three‐dimensional‐ultrasonography
Authors: Miric‐Tesanic D. , Merz E. 
Published: March 2003

BackgroundThe aim of the study was to establish fetal lung, thoracic and heart volume nomograms using 3D‐ultrasonography.MethodFor this purpose 115 fetuses were examined (between 18 and 33 weeks of gestation) using Voluson 530D (Kretztechnik, Austria) ultrasound device and 5 MHZ three‐dimensional annular volume transducer. Lung volumes of 15 fetuses suffering from skeletal dysplasia, renal agenesis or hydrothorax and secondary pulmonary hypoplasia were compared with previously established nomograms.ResultsLung volumes in the pathologic group of fetuses compared to the nomograms were below the 5% for gestational age.ConclusionThe encouraging first results suggest that this method could be a method of choice for the early detection of pulmonary hypoplasia, even before 24 weeks of gestation.
F78Three‐dimensional sonographic features of fetal central nervous system anomaly
Authors: Kuno A. , Ueta M. , Hanaoka U. , Tanaka Y. , Matsumoto M. , Kanenishi K. , Yamashiro C. , Tanaka H. , Hayashi K. , Yanagihara T. , Hara K. , Hata T. 
Published: March 2003

BackgroundOur aim was to visualize an intracranial structure of the fetal central nervous system (CNS) anomaly using transabdominal three‐dimensional (3D) sonography.MethodsA total of 18 cases with fetal cns anomalies (one unilateral ventriculomegaly; 6 hydrocephalus; 3 anencephaly; 4 holoprosencephaly; one Dandy‐Walker cyst; and 3 enlarged cisterna magna) from 17 to 37 weeks of gestation were studied with transabdominal 3D sonography (3.5 MHZ).ResultsIn unilateral ventriculomegaly, insight view of dilated lateral ventricle, especially dilated atrium was depicted. In hydrocephalus, severely dilated bilateral ventricles and thin brain mantle were beautifully shown. In anencephalus, an absence of the brain and defect of the vault of the skull was clearly noted. In holoprosencephaly, absent interhemispheric fissure, common ventricle, and the extent of thalamic fusion were evident. In Dandy‐Walker cyst, cerebellar hemisphere was clearly depicted due to the agenesis of cerebellar vermis. In enlarged cisterna magna, posterior intracranial view of the fetus showed a large space of cisterna magna. Although the diagnosis of each CNS anomaly was made using conventional two‐dimensional sonography, 3D sonography proved most helpful delineating the exact nature and anatomic level of the anomaly.ConclusionOur results suggest that 3D sonography provides a novel means of visualizing fetal CNS anomalies in utero.
Breast F84The estrogen environment and Doppler parameters of breast lesions
Authors: Germer U. , Tetzlaff A. , Geipel A. , Gembruch U. , Diedrich K. 
Published: March 2003

BackgroundA high physiological variation of blood flow during menstrual cycle was found by examining breast vascularity with CW‐Doppler and is influenced by endocine therapy. In this study the correlation between the vascularity of breast lesions to menopausal status, phase of menstrual cycle and endocrine therapy is analysed.Method249 breast lesions in 91 premenopausal patients and 152 postmenopausal patients (142 malignant and 105 benign tumors) were demonstrated in B‐mode ultrasound and intratumoral vessels were visualized by color Doppler imaging. Bloodflow velocity waveforms were detected by pulsed Doppler. Correlations between the Doppler parameters Vmax, RI, PI, S/D and the number of intratumoral vessels (n) to the endocrine factors mentioned above were analysed.ResultsThe means of Doppler parameters in the group of premenopausal patients were: n = 1.38 (±1.53), RI = 0.69 (±0.09), PI = 1.25 (±0.36), S/D = 3.64 (±1.78), Vmax = 11.11 (±9.6) cm/s and in the postmenopausal group: n = 1.36 (±1.72), RI = 0.77 (±0.08), PI = 1.61 (±0.47), S/D = 5.08 (±3.21), Vmax = 11.04 (±6.4) cm/s. RI, PI and S/D‐values were significantly (P < 0.05) different between these two groups. The Doppler parameters of tumors examined in the follicular phase were similar to those in the luteal phase. During treatment with oral contraceptives the number of intratumoral vessels was higher n = 1.80 (±1.23) than during spontanous menstrual cycle n = 0.86 (±0.86).ConclusionMenopausal status and endocrine therapy have a robust influence on Doppler parameters of breast lesions.
F97Preterm fetal behaviour and the risk of sudden infant death syndrome
Authors: Smoleniec J. S. , James D. 
Published: March 2003

ObjectiveTo look for differences in fetal behavioural state coincidence between two groups categorised into a high and a low SIDS risk by the Oxford SIDS risk scoring system.Patients and methodsThe study population comprised low risk women with singleton pregnancies booked at St Michael's Maternity Hospital, Bristol, Avon. The ‘Oxford SIDS risk scoring system (Peters & Golding 1986) was used to recruit pregnancies into a high and a low SIDS risk group. The study involved performing two fetal behavioural studies (Nijhuis et al. 1982) at 30 and 36 weeks gestational age on the same fetuses. The unpaired t‐test was used to compare values for the low and the high SIDS risk groups.ResultsFetal behavioural state coincidence results were analysed for a group of 58 fetuses. There were 39 in the low SIDS risk group and 19 in the high SIDS risk group. A cross‐sectional analysis of the fetal behavioural state coincidence results for the high and the low SIDS risk groups showed no significant difference (P < 0.05). A longitudinal comparison of the intrafetal change in coincidence with increasing gestational age also showed no significant difference.ConclusionThe cross‐sectional and longitudinal comparison of FBS coincidence results failed to show a significant difference between the high and low SIDS risk groups. The results suggest that fetal behavioural state study based on the Nijhuis (1982, p. 182–4) criteria did not show any association with the Oxford SIDS risk score.
F98Sonographic assessment of fetal disproportion and perinatal outcome in small for gestational age fetuses
Authors: Mimica M. , Karelović D. , Tadin I. , Benzon Z. 
Published: March 2003

BackgroundTo assess the possibility of sonographic prediction of perinatal outcome in small for gestational age (SGA) fetuses according to the presence of fetal disproportion.MethodSGA children (n = 138, birth weight for gestational age < 10th percentile) were classified by their neonatal ponderal index (PI) as proportional or disproportional (PI < 3rd centile for gestational age). Adverse perinatal outcome was considered in the presence of abnormal fetal heart rate (FHR), Apgar score < 7, respiratory and neurological complications in neonatal period.Results18 children (13%) were disproportionally small for age, having significantly higher incidence of abnormal FHR (50%), oligohydramnios (44%), neurological complications (22%) and perinatal mortality (17%) compared with proportionally SGA children. Multiple logistic regression analysis with perinatal complications as dependent variable revealed a significant effect of ponderal index (beta =− 0.17). Among sonographic parameters only umbilical artery resistance index was significantly associated (beta = 0.50). Oligohydramnios and FL/AC ratio did not reach statistically significant level of influence on perinatal complications.ConclusionBody disproportion is a significant factor of perinatal morbidity and mortality in growth retarded children. Abnormal umbilical artery blood flow is the best sonographic predictor of perinatal complications in this group. FL/AC ratio as antenatal equivalent of neonatal ponderal index is not enough sensitive to be used in prediction of perinatal complications.
Ultrasonographic detection of fetal cranio‐facial hemangioma: case report and review of the literature
Authors: Viora E. , Grassi Pirrone P. , Comoglio F. , Bastonero S. , Campogrande M. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractA case of an isolated cranio‐facial vascular anomaly, extending from the left parietal bone to the lateral margin of the omolateral orbit is presented. Detection and differential diagnosis of fetal hemangioma is important for a variety of reasons. First, it allows the prenatal growth of the mass to be evaluated. Second, it enables appropriate arrangements for delivery to be made including its timing and selection of the appropriate clinical team necessary to support the neonate. After birth these cranio‐facial anomalies can regress spontaneously, but plastic surgery is often necessary. Copyright © 2000 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
The influence of fetal position on nuchal translucency thickness
Authors: De Graaf I. M. , Müller M. A. , Van Zuylen‐Vié A. A. , Bleker O. P. , Bilardo C. M. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractObjectiveTo determine whether nuchal translucency thickness is influenced by the fetal position at ultrasound examination.SubjectsTransabdominal ultrasound examination for pregnancy dating and measurement of nuchal translucency thickness was performed at 10–14 weeks' gestation in all women attending the antenatal clinic of our hospital. During the examination special attention was paid to a change in fetal position from prone to supine or vice versa.MethodsFor each fetus the nuchal translucency measurement was repeated when a positional change from prone to supine or vice versa was recorded. All measurements were recorded on hard copy. An image‐scoring method was used and evaluated by three independent reviewers.ResultsEighty‐five fetuses were included in this study. The mean nuchal translucency for supine fetuses was 1.91 mm compared with 1.93 mm for prone fetuses. The mean quality‐score was 6.54 for supine fetuses and 6.55 for prone fetuses. This difference was not statistically significant.ConclusionFetal position has no influence on the measurement of nuchal translucency. Copyright © 2000 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Nuchal translucency and congenital heart defects: heart failure or not?
Authors: Simpson J. M. , Sharland G. K. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractObjectiveTo determine whether heart failure is the mechanism underlying the association between increased fetal nuchal translucency and congenital heart defects.MethodsRetrospective analysis of the types of congenital heart defect observed in fetuses with increased nuchal translucency and those with normal nuchal scans. Retrospective quantitative analysis of cardiac size and left ventricular ejection fraction in fetuses with ventricular septal defects or the hypoplastic left heart syndrome.ResultsEighty‐three fetuses with congenital heart defects had undergone nuchal screening of which 51 had increased nuchal translucency and 32 had normal nuchal translucency. A wide variety of different congenital cardiac lesions with different hemodynamic effects were observed in fetuses with increased nuchal translucency and those with normal nuchal scans. Defects primarily characterized by left heart obstruction, right heart obstruction and septal defects occurred in both groups. All measurements of cardiothoracic ratio and left ventricular ejection fraction fell within the normal range and there was no significant difference between fetuses with increased nuchal translucency and those with normal nuchal scans.ConclusionsNo specific type of congenital heart lesion is associated with increased nuchal translucency. The contention that heart failure explains the association between congenital heart defects and increased nuchal translucency is not supported by this study. Copyright © 2000 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Longitudinal survey of fetal ventricular ejection and shortening fraction throughout pregnancy
Authors: Hsieh Y.‐Y. , Chang F. C.‐C. , Tsai H.‐D. , Tsai C.‐H. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractObjectivesTo assess and compare the ejection fraction (EF) and shortening fraction (SF) of both ventricles through pregnancy.MaterialsUncomplicated singleton pregnancies, of between 10 and 40 weeks' gestation, were recruited. Transabdominal two‐dimensional M‐mode imaging of the right ventricular EF (REF), right ventricular SF (RSF), left ventricular EF (LEF), and left ventricular SF (LSF) were performed. Doppler surveys were performed at (1) 10–14 weeks; (2) 15–19 weeks; (3) 20–24 weeks; (4) 25–29 weeks; (5) 30–34 weeks; and (6) 35–40 weeks. The following values were measured: REF, RSF, LEF, LSF, REF/LEF and RSF/LSF.ResultsA total of 42 cases were included. The values of REF, RSF, LEF, and LSF for the six gestational time periods were (1) 0.86, 0.49, 0.85, 0.48; (2) 0.84, 0.48, 0.88, 0.51; (3) 0.76, 0.37, 0.84, 0.48; (4) 0.75, 0.37, 0.84, 0.48; (5) 0.76, 0.38, 0.83, 0.47; and (6) 0.77, 0.38, 0.84, 0.48, respectively. The ratios of REF/LEF and RSF/LSF in each gestational time period were: (1) 1.04, 1.11; (2) 0.95, 0.92; (3) 0.95, 0.90; (4) 0.94, 0.90; (5) 0.94, 0.92; and (6) 0.92, 0.89, respectively.ConclusionsAfter 20 weeks' gestation both the EF and SF of the right ventricle decreased. A non‐significant change in the LEF and LSF was observed throughout pregnancy. A decreasing trend in the REF/LEF and RSF/LSF ratios during pregnancy was noted. Copyright © 2000 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Vasa previa: prenatal detection by three‐dimensional ultrasonography
Authors: Lee W. , Kirk J. S. , Comstock C. H. , Romero R. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractObjectiveTo describe three‐dimensional (3D) ultrasonography (US) for the antepartum diagnosis of vasa previa.DesignThis was a descriptive study of two pregnant women who were suspected to have vasa previa by conventional gray‐scale ultrasonography. Three‐dimensional studies were also performed during the early third trimester to further investigate the possibility of this condition.ResultsIn the first case, 3D US provided gray‐scale multiplanar and surface‐rendered views of an aberrant vessel over the internal cervical os. For the second case, a ‘flight‐path’ technique allowed the examiner to follow axial views of the endocervical canal toward the internal os until an aberrant vessel was verified. The ‘niche‐mode’ analysis, with and without color power Doppler ultrasonography, was also used to confirm the diagnosis.ConclusionThree‐dimensional ultrasonography offers several additional imaging tools that are not currently provided by more conventional ultrasonography for the detection of vasa previa. It represents an important adjunct to two‐dimensional (2D) studies, especially when this diagnosis is questionable. Copyright © 2000 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Predicting the risk of pre‐eclampsia and a small‐for‐gestational‐age infant by quantitative assessment of the diastolic notch in uterine artery flow velocity waveforms in unselected women
Authors: Ohkuchi A. , Minakami H. , Sato I. , Mori H. , Nakano T. , Tateno M. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractObjectivesTo develop a new quantitative index, the notch depth index (NDI), to evaluate its association with the risk of pre‐eclampsia and a small‐for‐gestational‐age (SGA) infant and to compare its clinical usefulness with that of the uterine artery resistance index (RI) and the peak systolic to early diastolic velocity (A/C) ratio.MethodsUterine artery color Doppler ultrasound was performed in 288 consecutive healthy pregnant women at 20.2 ± 2.0 (range 16.0–23.9) weeks of gestation. The NDI represents the depth of the early diastolic notch divided by the maximal diastolic velocity.ResultsNine (3.1%) of the 288 women developed pre‐eclampsia and 18 women (6.3%) delivered an SGA infant. The NDI was associated with subsequent onset of pre‐eclampsia. The optimal cutoff value for the NDI in predicting pre‐eclampsia was 0.14, giving a sensitivity, specificity and a positive predictive value (PPV) of 67, 92, and 22%, respectively. The PPV of the NDI was the largest of the three indices evaluated (12% for the RI and 16% for the A/C ratio). The relative risk for pre‐eclampsia in women with values equal to or greater than the optimal cutoff values of the RI, A/C ratio and the NDI was 9.7 (95% confidence interval, 2.5–3.7), 19.2 (4.2–91), and 19.2 (5.1–71), respectively. The NDI of 0.14 improved the PPV of 18% determined by the presence of notches in bilateral uterine arteries. The optimal cutoff value of 0.14 for the NDI in predicting an SGA infant yielded a higher PPV (22%) than those for the RI (9%) and A/C ratio (12%).ConclusionsThe NDI value in the second trimester is associated with the later onset of pre‐eclampsia, and is clinically more useful in predicting pre‐eclampsia than the two conventional indices. Copyright © 2000 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
A preliminary study of sonographic grading of fetal intracardiac echogenic foci: feasibility, reliability and association with aneuploidy
Authors: Wax J. R. , Royer D. , Mather J. , Chen C. , Aponte‐García A. , Steinfeld J. D. , Ingardia C. J. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractObjectivesTo prospectively and quantitatively grade intracardiac echogenic focus/foci (ICEF) using sonographic gain reduction and to determine the association of ICEF by grade with fetal aneuploidy.MethodsWomen referred for raised maternal age (≥ 35 years), or > 18 years of age and with a Down syndrome risk ≥1/270, increased trisomy 18 risk by second trimester serum screen or a prior aneuploid offspring were included in this institutionally approved protocol. Only pregnancies of gestational age between 14 and 24 weeks were included. All women had a targeted ultrasound and were offered fetal chromosome analysis. The classification of ICEF was made from a four‐chamber view of the fetal heart. The echo amplitude of the ICEF was compared to that of the thoracic spine and categorized according to the comparative gain setting at which the image of the relevant structure disappeared: Grade O = no ICEF present, Grade 1 = ICEF image lost before thoracic spine when gain was reduced, Grade 2 = ICEF image lost at same gain setting as thoracic spine, Grade 3 = thoracic spine image lost before ICEF. The primary outcome was a prenatally or post‐natally detected chromosomal abnormality.ResultsA total of 885 eligible women were examined during the 21‐month study period. ICEF were seen in 29 (3.3%) fetuses: 24(83%) in the left ventricle and five (17%) in the right ventricle. A chromosome abnormality was identified in 13/671 (1.9%) fetuses without ICEF (Grade 0) and 0/21 (0%) fetuses with Grade 1 ICEF. In contrast, two of five (40%) fetuses with Grade 2 ICEF were aneuploid (P = 0.005). No Grade 3 ICEF were observed. Additional sonographic abnormalities were seen in both aneuploid fetuses with Grade 2 ICEF. Interobserver agreement on ICEF grading was noted in 50/50 (100%) examinations (kappa = 1.0).ConclusionsSonographic grading of ICEF is feasible and highly reliable. Grade 2 ICEF, especially when accompanied by additional sonographic markers of a chromosomal abnormality, are associated with aneuploidy significantly more frequently than Grade 1 ICEF. Copyright © 2000 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology