bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
GLK transcription factors accompany ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL5 to orchestrate light-induced seedling development in Arabidopsis
Authors: Zhang Ting , Zhang Rui , Zeng Xi-Yu , Lee Sanghwa , Ye Lu-Huan , Tian Shi-Long , Zhang Yi-Jing , Busch Wolfgang , Zhou Wen-Bin , Zhu Xin-Guang , Wang Peng 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Light-induced de-etiolation is an important aspect of seedling photomorphogenesis. GOLDEN2 LIKE (GLK) transcriptional regulators are involved in chloroplast development, but to what extent they participate in photomorphogenesis is not clear. Here, we show that ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL5 (HY5) binds to GLK promoters to activate their expression, and also interacts with GLK proteins in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). The chlorophyll content in the de-etiolating Arabidopsis seedlings of the hy5 glk2 double mutants was lower than that in the hy5 single mutant. GLKs inhibited hypocotyl elongation, and the phenotype could superimpose on the hy5 phenotype. Correspondingly, GLK2 regulated the expression of photosynthesis and cell elongation genes partially independent of HY5. Before exposure to light, DE-ETIOLATED 1 (DET1) affected accumulation of GLK proteins. The enhanced etioplast development and photosystem gene expression observed in the det1 mutant were attenuated in the det1 glk2 double mutant. Our study reveals that GLKs act downstream of HY5, or additive to HY5, and are likely quantitatively adjusted by DET1, to orchestrate multiple developmental traits during the light-induced skotomorphogenesis-to-photomorphogenesis transition in Arabidopsis.
Differences in Pain Experience Among Different Racial and Ethnic Groups
Authors: Lane Elizabeth , Barnes Chris , Fritz Julie M 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective
The objective of this study was to examine the role of pain catastrophizing and pain self-efficacy as possible mediators of race-based differences in pain intensity and to evaluate the possible moderating role of race on the relationship between pain catastrophizing and pain self-efficacy with pain outcomes among persons with chronic spinal pain receiving physical therapy.

Methods
This study was a secondary analysis of a cluster-randomized trial. Participants were persons with chronic spinal pain in outpatient physical therapy clinics who consented to complete assessments at baseline and after 2 weeks and 12 weeks. Assessments included pain intensity, physical function, pain catastrophizing, and self-efficacy. Baseline comparisons between Black and non-Hispanic White participants were made. Mediation analyses used a regression-based framework to examine whether baseline pain catastrophizing and self-efficacy mediated the association between race and pain intensity. Moderation analyses used multiple linear regression to evaluate the role of race in the relationship of baseline pain catastrophizing and self-efficacy with 12-week pain intensity outcomes.

Results
A total of 274 participants were included (51 [18.6%] Black and 223 [81.4%] non-Hispanic White; mean age = 51.6 years [standard deviation = 14.9]; 180 [65.7%] female). At baseline, Black participants had higher pain intensity scores (mean difference = 0.80; 95% CI =1.5 to 0.12). Both pain catastrophizing and self-efficacy mediated the relationship between race and baseline pain intensity. Race moderated the relationships between baseline pain catastrophizing and self-efficacy and 12-week pain intensity scores.

Conclusion
Pain catastrophizing and self-efficacy had differential impacts on pain intensity based on race for both cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses among persons receiving physical therapy for chronic spinal pain.

Impact
Improved understanding of the differences in pain experience based on factors such as race, ethnicity, cultural background, and experience with the health care system may help reduce disparities in pain management.
Risk of non-thyroidal autoimmune diseases in patients with Graves’ disease: a nationwide retrospective cohort study
Authors: Sohn Seo Young , Ahn Jiyeon , Lee Min Kyung , Lee Jae Hyuk , Kwon Ji-Won , Kweon Ji-Min , Lee Ju-Yeun 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective
Graves’ disease (GD) is a major autoimmune thyroid disorder and is associated with non-thyroidal autoimmune disease (NTAD). We aimed to investigate the risk of NTAD in patients with GD compared with age- and sex-matched controls and to evaluate whether the risk differs between individuals with or without Graves’ ophthalmopathy (GO).

Methods
This was a retrospective cohort study using data from the Korean National Health Claims database. We included 77 401 patients with GD (2310 with GO) and 77 401 age- and sex-matched controls. Risk of NTAD were compared between the entire cohort and within the GD cohort.

Results
During a mean follow-up period of 9 years, NTAD developed in 12 341 (16.1%) patients in the GD cohort. Risk for SLE [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 1.15, 95% CI 1.02–1.29], vitiligo (aHR 1.24, 95% CI 1.10–1.40) and alopecia areata (aHR 1.11, 95% CI 1.04–1.20) were higher in the GD cohort than in the control cohort. In the GD cohort, risk for SLE (aHR 1.60, 95% CI 1.11–2.33), SS (aHR 1.89, 95% CI 1.30–2.74) and AS (aHR 1.53, 95% CI 1.08–2.17) were higher in the GO group than in the non-GO group.

Conclusion
This study demonstrated an increased risk of SLE, vitiligo and alopecia areata in patients with GD. In the GD cohort, patients with GO had an increased risk of SLE, SS and AS. These findings suggest the importance of implementing a strategy for early detection of NTAD based on the presence of GO.
Gene Flow and Isolation in the Arid Nearctic Revealed by Genomic Analyses of Desert Spiny Lizards
Authors: Pavón-Vázquez Carlos J , Rana Qaantah , Farleigh Keaka , Crispo Erika , Zeng Mimi , Liliah Jeevanie , Mulcahy Daniel , Ascanio Alfredo , Jezkova Tereza , Leaché Adam D , Flouri Tomas , Yang Ziheng , Blair Christopher 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The opposing forces of gene flow and isolation are two major processes shaping genetic diversity. Understanding how these vary across space and time is necessary to identify the environmental features that promote diversification. The detection of considerable geographic structure in taxa from the arid Nearctic has prompted research into the drivers of isolation in the region. Several geographic features have been proposed as barriers to gene flow, including the Colorado River, Western Continental Divide (WCD), and a hypothetical Mid-Peninsular Seaway in Baja California. However, recent studies suggest that the role of barriers in genetic differentiation may have been overestimated when compared to other mechanisms of divergence. In this study, we infer historical and spatial patterns of connectivity and isolation in Desert Spiny Lizards (Sceloporus magister) and Baja Spiny Lizards (Sceloporus zosteromus), which together form a species complex composed of parapatric lineages with wide distributions in arid western North America. Our analyses incorporate mitochondrial sequences, genomic-scale data, and past and present climatic data to evaluate the nature and strength of barriers to gene flow in the region. Our approach relies on estimates of migration under the multispecies coalescent to understand the history of lineage divergence in the face of gene flow. Results show that the S. magister complex is geographically structured, but we also detect instances of gene flow. The WCD is a strong barrier to gene flow, while the Colorado River is more permeable. Analyses yield conflicting results for the catalyst of differentiation of peninsular lineages in S. zosteromus. Our study shows how large-scale genomic data for thoroughly sampled species can shed new light on biogeography. Furthermore, our approach highlights the need for the combined analysis of multiple sources of evidence to adequately characterize the drivers of divergence.
Effects of increasing omega-3 fatty acids on growth performance, immune response, and mortality in nursery pigs
Authors: Bromm Jenna J , Tokach Mike D , Woodworth Jason C , Goodband Robert D , DeRouchey Joel M , Hastad Chad W , Post Zach B , Flohr Josh R , Schmitt Raymond A , Zarate Ledesma Jose F , Gebhardt Jordan T 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Three experiments evaluated omega-3 fatty acids, provided by O3 trial feed, on nursery pig growth performance, mortality, and response to an LPS immune challenge or natural Porcine reproductive and respiratory virus (PRRSV) outbreak. In experiment 1, 350 pigs (241 × 600, DNA; initially 5.8 kg) were used. Pens of pigs were randomly assigned to one of the five dietary treatments containing increasing omega-3 fatty acids (0%, 1%, 2%, 3%, and 4% O3 trial feed) with 14 replications per treatment. On day 25, two pigs per pen were injected intramuscularly with 20 μg Escherichia coli LPS per kg BW and one pig per pen was injected with saline as a control. Body temperature was taken from all three pigs prior to and 2, 4, 6, and 12 h post-LPS challenge. Serum IL-1β and TNF-α concentrations were determined in LPS-challenged pigs 24 h prior and 4 h post-LPS challenge. There was no interaction between treatment and time for change in body temperature (P &gt; 0.10). Overall, increasing the O3 trial feed did not affect (P &gt; 0.10) ADG, ADFI, G:F, IL-1β, or TNF-α. In experiment 2, 1,056 pigs (PIC TR4 × [Fast LW × PIC L02] initially 7.3 kg) were used. Pens of pigs were randomly assigned to one of the four dietary treatments containing increasing omega-3 fatty acids (0%, 0.75%, 1.5%, and 3% O3 trial feed) with 12 replications per treatment. Oral fluids tested negative on days 7 and 14, but then positive for North American PRRSV virus via PCR on days 21, 28, 35, and 42. Overall, increasing O3 trial feed increased (linear, P &lt; 0.001) ADG, ADFI, and G:F and decreased (linear, P = 0.027) total removals and mortality. In experiment 3, 91,140 pigs (DNA 600 × PIC 1050; initially 5.1 kg), originating from PRRSV-positive sow farms, were used across eight nursery sites. Each site contained five barns with two rooms per barn and ~1,100 pigs per room. Rooms of pigs were blocked by nursery site and allocated within sow source to one of the two dietary treatments (control or 3% O3 trial feed) with 40 replications per treatment. Oral fluids from 61 of the 80 rooms tested positive for North American PRRSV virus 1 wk postweaning and 78 of the 80 rooms tested positive 3 wk after weaning. Overall, O3 trial feed did not affect ADG, ADFI, or G:F but increased (P &lt; 0.001) total removals and mortalities. In summary, increasing omega-3 fatty acids, sourced by O3 trial feed, did not improve growth performance or immune response in healthy pigs given an LPS challenge. However, it appears that if omega-3 fatty acids are fed prior to a natural PRRSV break (as in experiment 2), growth performance may be improved, and mortality reduced.
Hepatocyte miR-21-5p-deficiency alleviates APAP-induced liver injury by inducing PPARγ and autophagy
Authors: Xu Chao , Yan Fang , Zhao Yulan , Jaeschke Hartmut , Wu Jianguo , Fang Li , Zhao Lifang , Zhao Yuanfei , Wang Li 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Acetaminophen (APAP)-induced liver injury is one of the most frequent causes of acute liver failure worldwide. Significant increases in the levels of miRNA-21 in both liver tissues and plasma have been observed in APAP-overdosed animals and humans. However, the mechanistic effect of miRNA-21 on acute liver injury remains unknown. In this study, we generated a new hepatocyte-specific miRNA-21 knockout (miR-21-HKO) mouse line. miR-21-HKO and the background-matched sibling wild-type (WT) mice were treated with a toxic dose of APAP. Compared with WT mice, miR-21 HKO mice showed an increased survival, a reduction of necrotic hepatocytes, and an increased expression of light chain 3 beta, which suggested an autophagy activation. The expression of PPARγ was highly induced in the livers of miR-21-HKO mice after a 2-h APAP treatment, which preceded the activation of LC3B at the 12 h APAP treatment. miR-21 negatively regulated PPARγ protein expression by targeting its 3′-UTR. When PPARγ function was blocked by a potent antagonist GW9662 in miR-21-HKO mice, the autophage activation was significantly diminished, suggesting an indispensable role of PPARγ signaling pathway in miR-21-mediated hepatotoxicity. Taken together, hepatocyte-specific depletion of miRNA-21 alleviated APAP-induced hepatotoxicity by activating PPARγ and autophagy, demonstrating a crucial new regulatory role of miR-21 in APAP-mediated liver injury.
Genetic consequences of effective and suboptimal dosing with mutagenic drugs in a hamster model of SARS-CoV-2 infection
Authors: Illingworth Christopher J. R , Guerra-Assuncao Jose A , Gregg Samuel , Charles Oscar , Pang Juanita , Roy Sunando , Abdelnabi Rana , Neyts Johan , Breuer Judith 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Mutagenic antiviral drugs have shown promise against multiple viruses, but concerns have been raised about whether their use might promote the emergence of new and harmful viral variants. Recently, genetic signatures associated with molnupiravir use have been identified in the global SARS-COV-2 population. Here, we examine the consequences of using favipiravir and molnupiravir to treat SARS-CoV-2 infection in a hamster model, comparing viral genome sequence data collected from (1) untreated hamsters, and (2) from hamsters receiving effective and suboptimal doses of treatment. We identify a broadly linear relationship between drug dose and the extent of variation in treated viral populations, with a high proportion of this variation being composed of variants at frequencies of less than 1 per cent, below typical thresholds for variant calling. Treatment with an effective dose of antiviral drug was associated with a gain of between 7 and 10 variants per viral genome relative to drug-free controls: even after a short period of treatment a population founded by a transmitted virus could contain multiple sequence differences to that of the original host. Treatment with a suboptimal dose of drug showed intermediate gains of variants. No dose-dependent signal was identified in the numbers of single-nucleotide variants reaching frequencies in excess of 5 per cent. We did not find evidence to support the emergence of drug resistance or of novel immune phenotypes. Our study suggests that where onward transmission occurs, a short period of treatment with mutagenic drugs may be sufficient to generate a significant increase in the number of viral variants transmitted.
The Effect of Vancomycin and Tobramycin Local Antibiotic Powder on Surgical Site Infections after Open Treatment of Fracture: A Retrospective Propensity-Matched Analysis
Authors: Pesante Benjamin D. , Parry Joshua A. 
Published: January 2024

OBJECTIVES:
To compare the effect of vancomycin/tobramycin local antibiotic powder (LAP) on surgical site infections (SSIs) after open treatment of fractures.

METHODS:

Design:
Retrospective comparative study with propensity-matching

Setting:
Urban level one trauma center

Patients Selection Criteria:
Patients undergoing open procedures for fracture performed by a single surgeon before and after cessation of routine LAP use.

Outcome Measures and Comparisons:
Deep and superficial SSIs

RESULTS:
There were 652 open procedures for fracture performed by a single surgeon: LAP was used in 36.7% (114/310) of procedures prior to stopping its use, after which 342 procedures were performed without LAP. Comparison of all procedures performed with and without routine LAP use demonstrated no difference in infection rates, although there was a trend for the group without LAP to have fewer superficial SSIs (proportional difference (PD) -2.0%, 95% confidence interval (CI) -4.1 to 0.1%; p=0.05) and more deep SSIs (PD 3.9%, CI -0.2% to 7.9%; p=0.06). Pre-match analysis demonstrated that LAP use was associated with external fixation (PD 8.5%, CI 1.6% to 16.2%; p=0.005), longer operative times (median difference (MD) 56.0 minutes, CI 39.0 to 74.0; p<0.0001), greater EBL (MD 70.0, CI 50.0 to 100.0; p<0.0001), and no difference in superficial (PD 2.4%; CI -0.8% to 6.8%; p=0.07) or deep SSIs (PD -1.6%, CI -6.2% to 4.1%; p=0.54). After propensity-matching (108 vs. 108) to control for the above differences, the LAP group, compared to the no LAP group, had no difference in superficial SSIs and was less likely to have deep SSIs (PD -8.3%, CI -16.2% to -0.2%; p=0.04).

CONCLUSIONS:
The use of vancomycin and tobramycin local antibiotic powder lowered the rate of deep SSIs after open treatment of fractures on propensity-matched analysis.
Efficacy and Safety of Colchicine for the Prevention of Postoperative Atrial Fibrillation Among Patients Undergoing Major Cardiothoracic Surgery: A Meta-analysis and Meta-regression of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Rivera Frederick Berro , Whoy Cha Sung , Aparece John Paul , Jariyatamkitti Sathika , Mamas Mamas Andreas 
Published: January 2024

Abstract:
The role of colchicine for the prevention of postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) after cardiothoracic surgery is not well-established. We aimed to evaluate its potential in preventing POAF using data from randomized controlled trials (RCTs). A literature search was performed to identify studies reporting POAF as an outcome after cardiac or thoracic surgery in adult patients randomized to either colchicine or placebo. Primary outcome measured was incidence of POAF. Secondary outcomes included gastrointestinal (GI) adverse effects, sepsis, and length of stay. Subgroup analyses based on treatment durations and type of surgery were also performed, as well as regression analyses to control for covariates. We identified a total of 5377 patients (colchicine = 2,689, placebo = 2688). Although colchicine use was associated with a significantly reduced risk of POAF, risk of GI adverse effects were significantly higher. The rates of infection and length of stay were similar across the groups. Subgroup analyses showed that colchicine was effective for POAF prevention in cardiac surgery, but not in thoracic surgery. Prevention of POAF and incidence of GI adverse effects were similar in short-term and long-term colchicine treatment. Colchicine significantly reduces the incidence of POAF in patients undergoing cardiac surgery, but not in thoracic surgery.
The Diagnostic Spectrum of Sexual Hallucinations
Authors: Blom Jan Dirk , van Veen Rosemarij J. B. , van Rooijen Emma H. C. , Slotema Christina W. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractSexual hallucinations are little known, yet often extremely burdening, phenomena. In this systematic review, we summarize what is known about their phenomenology, prevalence, etiopathology, ensuing distress, and treatment options. Sexual hallucinations can be experienced as genital or orgasmic sensations, although other sensory modalities can also be involved. With the notable exception of orgasmic auras in the context of epilepsy, sexual hallucinations tend to be distressing and embarrassing in nature. Our analysis of 79 studies (together describing 390 patients) indicates that sexual hallucinations are more frequent in women than in men, with a sex ratio of 1.4:1, and that they are most prevalent in schizophrenia spectrum disorders, with rates ranging from 1.4% in recently admitted patients to 44% in chronically hospitalized patients. Other underlying conditions include epilepsy, the incubus phenomenon (possibly the most prevalent cause in the general population, associated with sleep paralysis), narcolepsy, and sedative use. As regards the sedative context, we found more medicolegal than purely medical cases, which sadly underlines that not all sexually explicit sensations experienced in anesthesia practice are indeed hallucinations. In the absence of evidence-based treatment protocols for sexual hallucinations, practice-based guidelines tend to focus on the underlying condition. Further research is needed, especially in the fields of substance abuse, posttraumatic stress disorder, and borderline personality disorder, where only anecdotal information on sexual hallucinations is available. Moreover, awareness of sexual hallucinations among health professionals needs to be improved in order to facilitate counseling, diagnosis, and treatment.
RETINAL PHAKOMATOSIS AND VON HIPPEL–LINDAU PERIPHERAL CAPILLARY HEMANGIOBLASTOMA: PROPOSAL FOR STAGED SURGERY
Authors: Gallenga Carla E. , Zeppa Lucia , De Pascale Ilaria , Salerno Giulio , Tassinari Paolo , Perri Paolo , Zeppa Lucio 
Published: January 2024

Purpose:
Retinal capillary hemangioblastoma is present in about half of the carriers of the von Hippel–Lindau gene mutation and can lead to the evolution of blindness. Herewith is a proposal for surgical intraretinal feeder vessel ligature to induce ischemia of the phakoma and to resolve the exudative secondary retinal detachment, with satisfying results at the 6-month follow-up endpoint.

Methods:
The patient underwent a chandelier-assisted 23-gauge pars plana vitrectomy with valved trocars. A bimanual transretinal ligature of the feeder vessel of hemangioblastoma was performed, followed by localized endolaser to ablate the surrounding retina and capillaries, and a polydimethylsiloxane 1,000 final tamponade. After 3 months, exchange of polydimethylsiloxane/air/balanced salt solution, phacoemulsification, and in-the-bag intraocular lens implantation were performed.

Results:
At the sixth month, fundus fluorescein angiography showed a significant reduction of blood flow in the phakoma. The final best-corrected visual acuity was 6/6 (9 lines gain obtained compared with the baseline time).

Conclusion:
This surgical technique seems to be effective and promising for the treatment of von Hippel–Lindau retinal capillary hemangioblastomas and their related retinal complications.