bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fine‐needle aspiration cytology of bronchial acinic cell carcinoma: A case report
Authors: Watanabe Kazuo , Ono Nobutaka , Hoshi Toshiyuki , Hanzawa Miyoko , Ishida Takashi 
Published: April 2004

AbstractSalivary gland‐type carcinomas of the lung are rare but well‐known tumors. Among them, acinic cell carcinoma (ACC) is extremely rare and its cytological features have not been reported. We present a case of bronchial ACC and describe its cytological characteristics. The tumor occurred in a 58‐yr‐old man as a 15‐mm polypoid lesion at the right middle lobar bronchus and filled its lumen. Transbronchial brush cytology and a biopsy failed to collect tumor cells but transbronchial fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) cytology was successful. The smear obtained was richly cellular and a large number of thick‐layered or monolayered sheet‐like tumor cell clusters and dissociated tumor cells were observed. Cribriform globular spaces were common and a lobulated acinar structure was found focally. The tumor cells had a fine granular large polygonal cytoplasm and rather uniform round or ovoid nuclei. The nuclei were situated eccentrically or centrally and the nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio was consistently low. These cytological features were essentially similar to those of ACC of the head and neck region. The patient underwent a lobectomy and the tumor was resected completely. Transbronchial FNA cytology was useful for diagnosing bronchial ACC and differentiating it from other conventional and salivary gland type carcinomas. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2004;30:359–361. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Determination of low boiling solvents in liquid formulations by gas chromatography [H‐VIII 2a (Status: 01.10.2003)]
Authors: Spilker R. , Hirschen M. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe following method was tested by the “Gemeinschaftsausschuss für die Analytik von Tensiden (GAT)” in an interlaboratory test. GAT puts the method up for discussion and invites readers to make comments to the referees above. Afterwards it is intended to include this method in Section H – Surfactants, Chapter VIII of the DGF Standard Methods
Paracellular pathway in the shell epithelium of Anodonta cygnea
Authors: Bleher Reiner , Machado Jorge 
Published: April 2004

AbstractUltrastructural study of cell‐cell connections in the outer mantle epithelium (OME) on high‐pressure‐frozen specimens revealed zonula adherens, septate junctions and gap junctions in Anodonta cygnea. In order to evaluate the permeability of the paracellular pathway, the OME was incubated under gradients of lanthanum and calcium. After lanthanum incubation (4 mM) from the basal side, the septate junctions were penetrated completely by this tracer. When applied from the apical side, lanthanum deposits were located similarly over the entire length of the septate junctions up to the first dilatations of the intercellular space. Calcium deposits were also present in paracellular areas only when OME had been incubated simultaneously with calcium (6 mM) and lanthanum (4 mM) gradients. Lanthanum and calcium deposits were detected with ESI (Electron Spectroscopic Imaging) and identified with EELS (Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy). On the other hand, electrophysiological observations showed a 48% reduction of conductance when the OME was bathed on both sides with solutions containing lanthanum (4 mM) and calcium (6 mM), compared to bathing with lanthanum‐free solution (control). The conductance reduction was 52% when calcium was removed from the control solution. Supported by morphological and physiological evidence, it appears that, under in vivo conditions, calcium ions may diffuse paracellularly from the haemolymph towards the extrapallial fluid and vice‐versa across the septate junctions in the OME of A. cygnea. Permeability of the septate junctions depended proportionally on the calcium concentration in fluids. J. Exp. Zool. 301A:419–427, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Significant differences in proton trimethyl ammonium signals between human gastrocnemius and soleus muscle
Authors: Hu Jiani , Xia Yang , Shen Yimin , Li Jun , Zuo Chun S. , Xuan Yang , Jiang Quan 
Published: April 2004

AbstractPurposeTo study the apparent heterogeneous characteristics of trimethyl ammonium (TMA) in healthy human muscles at rest, and to illustrate the importance of establishing the baseline characteristics of proton metabolites in muscles with a West Nile patient.Materials and MethodsPoint‐resolved spectroscopy (PRESS) magnetic resonance spectroscopy imaging (MRSI) with lipid suppression and optional outer‐volume presaturation were used to acquire 1H spectra of human muscles at rest at 1.5 Tesla. A total of 28 subjects (27 normal volunteers and 1 patient with West Nile disease) between the ages of 22 and 76 participated in the study.ResultsThe apparent T2 values of TMA for soleus and gastrocnemius muscles in normal volunteers are 180 ± 50 and 80 ± 20 msec, respectively. This difference has profound effects on the apparent spectral pattern of 1H metabolites. The TMA/total creatine (tCr) spectral pattern of the soleus muscle of a West Nile patient resembles that of gastrocnemius muscle of healthy volunteers.ConclusionThere are significant differences in the apparent T2 values of TMA between healthy soleus and gastrocnemius muscles at rest. It is important to establish the baseline characteristics of proton metabolites before clinical or physiological studies can be performed. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2004;19:617–622. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
MR‐guided intravascular procedures: Real‐time parameter control and automated slice positioning with active tracking coils
Authors: Bock Michael , Volz Steffen , Zühlsdorff Sven , Umathum Reiner , Fink Christian , Hallscheidt Peter , Semmler Wolfhard 
Published: April 2004

AbstractPurposeTo implement and optimize a real‐time pulse sequence and user interface to perform intravascular interventions using active catheter tracking.Materials and MethodsIn magnetic resonance (MR)‐guided interventions, small radio‐frequency coils can be used to rapidly determine the device position (active tracking). In this work, active catheter tracking was combined with a dedicated real‐time pulse sequence and user interface. The pulse sequence offered the imaging contrasts fast low angle shot (FLASH), true Fast imaging with steady state precession (TrueFISP), and projection MR digital subtraction angiography (MR‐DSA), which could be selected by the radiologist from within the scanner room at any time during the intervention. Automatic slice positioning was added to the real‐time pulse sequence so that the location of the tracking coils defined the image slice position and orientation. The technique was assessed in phantoms and animal experiments.ResultsAt a reaction time of 24 msec and a frame rate of three images per second, the movement of an active intravascular catheter could be monitored in the aorta and the renal arteries of a pig. With interactive contrast and orientation changes, the renal vasculature could be assessed by a fully MR‐guided catheterization in less than 10 minutes.ConclusionWith carefully designed active catheters, a dedicated user interface, and an optimized pulse sequence intravascular interventions can successfully be performed by a single operator from within the MR scanner room. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2004;19:580–589. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
In vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of large focal hepatic lesions and metabolite change of hepatocellular carcinoma before and after transcatheter arterial chemoembolization using 3.0‐T MR scanner
Authors: Kuo Yu‐Ting , Li Chun‐Wei , Chen Chao‐Yun , Jao Jochi , Wu Ding‐Kwo , Liu Gin‐Chang 
Published: April 2004

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the value of in vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) in the assessment of large focal hepatic lesions and to measure the metabolite change of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) using 3.0‐T scanner.Materials and MethodsIn this prospective study, 43 consecutive patients with large (not less than 3 cm in diameter) hepatic tumors and eight normal volunteer were included. MRS of the lesions in addition to uninvolved liver parenchyma was carried out using a whole‐body 3.0‐T scanner. Among the patients with proven HCC, eight lesions were evaluated before and two to five days after TACE. The choline‐to‐lipid (cho/lipid) ratio was measured by dividing the peak area of choline at 3.2 ppm by the peak area of lipid at 1.3 ppm. The sensitivity and specificity profiles of MRS in the diagnosis of malignant hepatic tumors were determined by plotting empirical receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. The mean cho/lipid ratios in different groups before and after TACE were also measured.ResultsThe technical success rate for MRS was 90% (53/59). The ROC curve showed proton MRS has moderate discriminating ability in diagnosing malignant hepatic tumors, although the sensitivity was less than 50% while 1‐specificity was less than 20%. The area under the curve was 0.71 (P < 0.05). The mean ± 1 standard error (SE) of cho/lipid ratios for uninvolved liver (N = 8), benign tumor (N = 8), and malignant tumor (N = 21; 19 HCC, one angiosarcoma, and one lymphoma) were 0.06 ± 0.02, 0.02 ± 0.02, and 0.17 ± 0.05, respectively. A significantly statistical difference (ANOVA planned contrast test, P = 0.01 and Games‐Howell procedure, P = 0.03) was achieved in the mean cho/lipid ratio between malignant and benign tumors. The mean cho/lipid ratios were significantly decreased from 0.23 ± 0.11 before TACE to 0.01 ± 0.00 after the treatment (t = 2.01, P < 0.05, one‐tail paired t‐test; z = −2.37, P < 0.05, Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test).ConclusionIn vivo proton MRS is technically feasible for the evaluation of focal hepatic lesions. The technique has potential in the detection of early metabolite change in malignant liver tumors after TACE but limitation still exists in clear differentiation between normal liver and benign and malignant tumor. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2004;19:598–604. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Time‐domain simulation of electromagnetic wave propagation in saturating ferromagnetic materials
Authors: Paul J. , Christopoulos C. , Thomas D. W. P. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractA method for the time‐domain simulation of electromagnetic wave propagation in ferromagnetic materials displaying frequency‐dependence and saturation is developed. The technique is based on incorporating into transmission‐line modelling (TLM) a non‐linear system to describe the frequency‐dependent permeability and saturation properties of a ferromagnetic material. The approach is validated for the linear (small‐signal) case by the calculation of the normal incidence reflection coefficient of a metal backed ferrite tile. Results are also shown for the non‐linear (large‐signal) case where the material is driven into saturation. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Split‐component PML absorbing conditions for SS‐TLM
Authors: Le Maguer S. , Ney M. M. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractKnown as alternate direct implicit (ADI) or split‐step (SS) schemes, a new class of time‐domain algorithms has recently been proposed. Their salient feature concerns their numerical stability, regardless the time‐step used. Thus, significant computational advantages can be obtained when non‐uniform mesh is used. To study open structures or determine S‐parameters, absorbing boundary conditions (ABC) have to be used. The perfectly matched layers (PML) technique based on split field component is implemented for the SS‐TLM algorithm. The complete set of updating equations is provided and the new PML is validated. It is shown to provide high accuracy even better than that of classical PML‐TLM scheme. In addition, it is found that using a high time‐step does not seem to degrade significantly the accuracy of PML. Thus, the PML technique is very well adapted to SS‐TLM as confirmed by various applications. Finally, unlike all classical TLM‐PML schemes, the technique is found to be stable. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Efficacy of sentinel lymph node biopsy in male breast cancer
Authors: Cimmino Vincent M. , Degnim Amy C. , Sabel Michael S. , Diehl Kathleen M. , Newman Lisa A. , Chang Alfred E. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractBackgroundSentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) is rapidly becoming the standard of care in the treatment of women with early stage breast cancer. Male breast cancer although relatively rare, has typically been treated with mastectomy and axillary lymph node dissection (ALND). Men who develop breast carcinoma have the same risk as their female counterparts of developing the morbidities associated with axillary dissection. SLNB has been championed as a procedure aimed at preventing those morbidities. We recently have evaluated the role of SLNB in the treatment of men with early stage breast cancer.MethodsAmong the 18 men treated at the University of Michigan Medical Center for breast cancer from May 1998 to November 2002, 6 were treated with SLNB.ResultsThe mean tumor size was 1.6 cm. The mean patient age was 59.8 years. All of the patients had one or more sentinel lymph nodes identified. Two of the six did not have confirmatory axillary dissection. Three of the six had positive sentinel lymph nodes (50%). Only one of the three patients with a positive sentinel node had more nodes positive. One of the six patients had a positive node on frozen section and underwent immediate complete axillary dissection. This patient had no additional positive nodes. No patients in our series had immunohistochemical studies of the lymph nodes.ConclusionsMen with early stage breast carcinoma may be offered the management option of SLNB since in the hands of experienced surgeons it has a success rate apparently equal to that in their female counterparts. J. Surg. Oncol. 2004;86:74–77. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Peritoneal carcinomatosis from colorectal or appendiceal origin: Correlation of preoperative CT with intraoperative findings and evaluation of interobserver agreement
Authors: de Bree Eelco , Koops Wim , Kröger Robert , van Ruth Serge , Witkamp Arjen J. , Zoetmulder Frans A.N. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesIn patients with colorectal cancer, it is important to diagnose peritoneal carcinomatosis as well as to detect location and size of peritoneal tumor dissemination in view of treatment planning. The aim of this study was to investigate the detection accuracy of computed tomography (CT).MethodsPreoperative CT‐scans from 25 consecutive patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis from colorectal or appendiceal origin were independently blindly reviewed by 2 radiologists. The presence and diameter of tumor deposits were noted in seven abdominopelvic areas. Intraoperative findings were regarded as the gold standard. Agreement was assessed using the Kappa index and the chi‐square test.ResultsThe presence of peritoneal carcinomatosis was detected in 60 and 76% of those patients by each of the radiologist. Detection of individual peritoneal implants was poor (κ = 0.11/0.23) and varied from 9.1%/24.3% for tumor size <1 cm to 59.3%/66.7% for tumor size >5 cm. Overall sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) for tumor involvement per area were 24.5%/37.3%, 94.5%/90.4%, 53.0%/60.0%, 86.2%/84.4%, and 47.3%/50.8%, respectively. Accuracy of tumor detection varied widely per anatomic site. Statistically significant interobserver differences were noted, specifically for tumor size of 1–5 cm (P = 0.007) and localization on mesentery and small bowel (κ = 0.30, P = 0.04).ConclusionsIn colorectal cancer, CT detection of peritoneal carcinomatosis is moderate and of individual peritoneal tumor deposits poor. Interobserver differences are statistically significant. Therefore, preoperative CT seems not to be a reliable tool for detection of presence, size, and location of peritoneal tumor implants in view of treatment planning in patients with colorectal cancer. J. Surg. Oncol. 2004;86:64–73. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prognostic value of von Willebrand factor, CD34, CD31, and vascular endothelial growth factor expression in women with uterine leiomyosarcomas
Authors: Poncelet Christophe , Fauvet Rafaelle , Feldmann Gérard , Walker Francine , Madelenat Patrick , Darai Emile 
Published: April 2004

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesTo compare uterine leiomyosarcomas (LMS) and leiomyomas (LM) with normal myometrium in terms of microvessel density (MVD), and to correlate this parameter with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression and clinical/pathological parameters.MethodsAn immunohistochemical technique, using antibodies against von Willebrand factor (FvW), CD34, CD31, and VEGF, was applied to formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded samples of 32 normal myometria, 32 uterine LM, and 12 LMS. MVD was calculated by a digital image analyzer.ResultsUsing anti‐FvW, mean ± SD MVD in myometrium, LM, and LMS was 107.0 ± 53.6, 66.2 ± 55.4, and 64.4 ± 44.2, respectively (P = 0.001). MVD was lower in LMS (P = 0.021) and in LM (P = 0.0004) than in normal myometrium. Using anti‐CD34, mean ± SD MVD in myometrium, LM, and LMS was 187.6 ± 91.2, 106.1 ± 55.5, and 114.2 ± 98.8, respectively (P = 0.001). MVD was lower in LMS (P = 0.012) and LM (P = 0.0004) than in normal myometrium. No such differences were found using anti‐CD31 and anti‐VEGF. No correlation was found between MVD and VEGF expression. In women with uterine LMS, low MVD (assessed with anti‐FvW) correlated with recurrence (P = 0.04) and poor overall survival (P = 0.03).ConclusionsUterine smooth muscle tumors exhibit a lower MVD than normal myometrium, as assessed using anti‐FvW or anti‐CD34 antibodies. A reduced MVD, as assessed by FvW staining, has prognostic value in uterine LMS. J. Surg. Oncol. 2004;86:84–90. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
How do monetary operations impact tourism demand? The case of Turkey
Authors: Demir Cengiz 
Published: April 2004

AbstractAll monetary operations such as revaluation and devaluation have some degree of impact on tourism demand at different significance levels. The purpose of this study was to explain how devaluation and revaluation affect tourism demand (domestic and international) and what the government should do to obtain the greatest benefits from them. Turkey has one of the fastest growing tourism industries in the world, and has been experiencing high inflation at a very significant level since the 1970s. The Turkish Government sometimes makes value adjustments on the Turkish national currency, the ‘Lira’, and these adjustments have influenced domestic and international tourism demand in Turkey. The case of Turkey is discussed specifically. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Influence of microstructural changes on corrosion behaviour of thermally aged Ti‐6Al‐7Nb alloy
Authors: Thair L. , Kamachi Mudali U. , Asokamani R. , Raj Baldev 
Published: April 2004

AbstractSolution treatment and ageing (STA) is an effective strengthening method for α + β titanium alloys. This paper reports the effect of solution treatment and aging on the corrosion behaviour of Ti‐6Al‐7Nb alloy in a simulated body fluid (Ringer's solution). Ti‐6Al‐7Nb alloy is hot rolled in the α + β field and subjected to solution treatment above and below its beta transus temperature (1283 K). The solution treated specimens are water quenched (WQ), air‐cooled (AC), and furnace cooled (FC) at three different rates, and subsequently aged at 823 K for 4 h. Microstructural changes were examined using optical microscopy and phases developed were analyzed using XRD. The influence of microstructure on the corrosion performance of the alloys are discussed in detail based on the Open Circuit Potential (OCP), passive current density and area of repassivation loop values obtained from the cyclic polarization study in Ringer's solution. The passive current density was low (0.5 μA/cm2) for the specimen with duplex microstructure obtained for specimen solution treated at 1223 K, air‐cooled, and aged, in comparison with that for as‐rolled specimen (1.5 μA/cm2). The corrosion aspects resulting from various heat treatments are discussed in detail.
First Nitroxide‐Mediated Controlled/Living Free Radical Polymerization in an Ionic Liquid
Authors: Ryan Julia , Aldabbagh Fawaz , Zetterlund Per B. , Yamada Bunichiro 
Published: April 2004

AbstractSummary: The controlled/living radical polymerizations of methyl acrylate in 50% v/v of an ionic liquid initiated by the alkoxyamine generated in situ from 4‐oxo‐2,2,6,6‐tetramethyl‐1‐piperidinyl‐N‐oxyl (4‐oxo‐TEMPO) and 2,2′‐azoisobutyronitrile (AIBN) at 140–155 °C are reported. The number‐average molecular weights increased linearly with conversion, and polydispersity indices are approximately 1.4 in the best case. The rates of polymerization were greater than in anisole, and similar to the rate of spontaneous polymerization in the ionic liquid.$\overline M _{\rm n}$ (filled symbols) and $\overline M _{\rm w} /\overline M _{\rm n}$ (open symbols) vs. conversion for the MA polymerization in the presence of [4‐oxo‐TEMPO]/[AIBN] (2.8:1) in 50% v/v anisole with 0.03 M AIBN (squares) and 50% v/v [hmim][PF6] with 0.03 M AIBN (circles), and 0.06 M AIBN (triangles).image$\overline M _{\rm n}$ (filled symbols) and $\overline M _{\rm w} /\overline M _{\rm n}$ (open symbols) vs. conversion for the MA polymerization in the presence of [4‐oxo‐TEMPO]/[AIBN] (2.8:1) in 50% v/v anisole with 0.03 M AIBN (squares) and 50% v/v [hmim][PF6] with 0.03 M AIBN (circles), and 0.06 M AIBN (triangles).
4.2 Chemical characteristics of cellulose acetate
Authors: Heinze Thomas , Liebert Tim 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe chemical structure of cellulose acetates (CA), different synthesis paths, analysis strategies and the correlation of these structural features with properties, especially with the solubility are summarized. Alternative paths, in particular homogeneous procedures, for the synthesis of CA are described focusing on the application of new media and the in situ activation of acetic acid. The preparation of selectively substituted CA is reviewed including the defined hydrolysis under acidic or basic conditions. Strategies for the structure analysis by means of 1H‐ and 13C‐NMR spectroscopy and by means of chromatographic methods are discussed. In addition, the preparation and the application of a variety of mixed CA ethers and esters are described.
5.6 Cellulose acetate in separation technology
Authors: Shibata Tohru 
Published: April 2004

AbstractCellulose acetate has been utilized in a variety of separation and purification processes. In membrane separation, cellulosics, in particular cellulose acetate, have played important roles. Hemodialysis and desalination are the established fields where acetate membranes have been applied. Recently, a new application, that is the purification of drinking water, is growing. The history of cellulosic membranes, preparation of acetate membranes, and applications will be reviewed. Cellulose acetate is also useful in chromatography and related separation technologies. These application will also be reviewed and the relationship between the superstructure of cellulose triacetate and its adsorptive behavior is briefly mentioned.