bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The assessment of in vitro modulation of milk fat globule membrane expression by human breast carcinomas
Authors: Jones J. Louise , Walker Rosemary A. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractAlthough knowledge of functional differentiation and tumour‐associated changes of breast carcinomas can be gained by the application of antibodies directed against the milk fat globule membrane, more significant information may be obtained by assessment of the potential of breast carcinomas to modulate their antigenic phenotype. In this study, the extend to which primary tumours can undergo modulation in vitro has been investigated, with consideration of the suitability of organ culture in combination with the immunohistochemical detection of two milk fat globule membrane epitopes, HMFG1 and HMFG2, as methods for detecting this.The preservation of three of the 30 carcinomas assessed, all poorly differentiated, was poor after 3 days of culture. The viability of the other 27 was variable, and was greater in the better differentiated tumours and with the addition of insulin. Expression of the milk fat globule membrane epitopes was generally well maintained. Six of the carcinomas showed a significant change in antigen expression, with this being more frequent in tissues incubated with insulin. Hence, a small group of carcinomas have been identified which appear to have a greater capacity to undergo functional differentiation.Organ culture is considered to be a suitable method for maintaining the tissues in vitro for such evaluation, but the problems encountered in quantifying the immunohistochemical staining, because of antigenic heterogeneity, were such that it is suggested that other approaches be employed.
Immunohistochemical markers of small cell carcinoma and related neuroendocrine tumours of the lung
Authors: Addis Bruce J. , Hamid Qutayba , Ibrahim Nassif B. N. , Fahey Mary , Bloom Stephen R. , Polak Julia M. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractA selected group of 263 pulmonary neuroendocrine tumours comprised 156 small cell carcinomas, five combined cell carcinomas, nine atypical carcinoid/small cell carcinomas, 32 atypical carcinoids, ten large cell/small cell carcinomas, and 51 carcinoid tumours. These were compared with a group of 109 non‐small cell carcinomas, using four markers of neuroendocrine differentiation to determine differences in reactivity between the two groups and among the variants of neuroendocrine tumour. The antibodies used were neuron‐specific enolase (NSE), protein gene product (PGP) 9·5, human bombesin, and the C‐terminal flanking peptide of human bombesin (CTP). Most small cell carcinomas, carcinoid tumours, and atypical carcinoid variants showed immunoreactivity for both NSE and PGP 9·5 but a significant number of non‐small cell carcinomas, mainly squamous cell carcinomas, were also positive (11 and 35 per cent, respectively). Bombesin was specific for neuroendocrine tumours, being demonstrable in 35 per cent carcinoids and 24 per cent small cell carcinomas, but staining was focal and often confined to scattered cells. Diffuse strongly positive immunoreactivity for CTP was seen in the majority of malignant neuroendocrine tumours, but only 12 per cent of carcinoid tumours were positive and non‐small cell carcinomas were negative. CTP is therefore of potential value as a specific marker of malignant neuroendocrine tumours, particularly if the amount of biopsy material is limited and the tumour is an unusual variant, such as atypical carcinoid or large cell‐small cell carcinoma.
Leu‐M1 antigen expression in acute leukaemias
Authors: De Mascarel Antoine , Coindre Jean Michel , De Mascarel Isabelle , David Bernard , Trojani Monique , Broustet Antoine 
Published: June 2005

AbstractLeu‐M1 is a differentiation antigen present in human myelomonocytic cells. Seventy‐seven acute leukaemias were retrospectively stained with anti‐Leu‐M1 using the immunoperoxidase technique on Bouin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded sections. The subjects were 44 acute lymphoblastic leukaemias (ALL) and 33 acute myeloid leukaemias (AML) previously characterized by cytochemical and immunologic (cell suspension) methods. Leu‐M1 was positive in all the AML and in half of the ALL cases. These results suggest that Leu‐M1 does not allow differentiation between AML and ALL. For the ALL cases Leu‐M1 was positive in 15/28 B‐cell types, 4/12 T‐cell type and 3/4 ‘null’‐cell type cases. Thus, this antibody is of no assistance in defining types B, T, or ‘null’ in ALL. Leu‐M1 was also studied on paraffin sections of 34 high grade malignant lymphomas. The antibody was negative in all 13 B‐cell lymphomas (lymphoblastic: 6; immunoblastic: 7) and in all 4 ‘null’ cell lymphomas. It was positive in 4/9 peripheral T‐cell type, the other T‐cell lymphomas (lymphoblastic: 5; immunoblastic:3) remaining negative. Thus, Leu‐M1 may be positive in T‐cell lymphomas but it is negative in B‐cell lymphomas and is always negative in B or T lymphoblastic types. It seems that lymphoblasts are Leu‐M1 negative in non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma and may be Leu‐M1 positive in leukaemias.
Demonstration of human papillomavirus types 6 and 11 in juvenile laryngeal papillomatosis by in‐situ DNA hybridization
Authors: Terry R. M. , Lewis F. A. , Griffiths S. , Wells M. , Bird C. C. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractA study is reported in which an in situ hybridization technique for the demonstration of human papillomavirus (HPV) employing a biotin–streptavidin polyalkaline phosphatase complex has been successfully applied to formalin‐fixed paraffin‐processed tissue obtained from ten patients with juvenile laryngeal papillomatosis. In all cases, positive results were obtained for either HPV type 6 or 11. Normal vocal cord epithelium was negative.
Fine structural changes in idiopathic pulmonary haemosiderosis
Authors: Corrin B. , Jagusch M. , Dewar A. , Tungekar M. F. , Davies D. R. , Warner J. O. , Turner‐Warwick M. , Empey D. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractLung biopsies from four children and two adults with idiopathic pulmonary haemosiderosis have been examined by transmission electron microscopy. No qualitative differences were identified between the children and the adults but the changes were more severe in the children. In each case the major damage involved the capillary endothelium and its basement membrane. Capillary endothelial swelling was very noticeable and in one case the endothelium was attenuated but gaps between endothelial cells were very difficult to find. Capillary narrowing and platelet aggregation were common. The capillary endothelial basement membrane showed focal thickening, particularly on the thick side of the air/blood barrier, but no electron dense deposits were identified. Degenerative changes in the alveolar epithelium were not so marked as those in the capillary endothelium and the epithelial basement membrane was normal except for haemosiderin deposition. Haemosiderin was also noted on elastin and within intra‐alveolar macrophages. Other secondary changes included mild interstitial oedema and fibrosis. These findings indicate that the major site of damage is the alveolar capillary, but provide no evidence of the cause of the disease.
Immunocytochemical evidence that endometrial stromal granulocytes are granulated lymphocytes
Authors: Bulmer Judith N. , Hollings Debra , Ritson Anne 
Published: June 2005

AbstractEndometrial stromal granulocytes (EGs) are prominent in late luteal phase human endometrium and in early pregnancy decidua. They have been believed to develop from endometrial stromal cells and to secrete relaxin. Recent immunohistochemical studies have suggested that EGs are derived from bone marrow but this has been difficult to prove, mainly because the characteristic cytoplasmic granules are not preserved in frozen tissues. Two separate approaches have now been employed to investigate the cellular lineage of EGs. Formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded sections of first trimester decidua were labelled by an immunoperoxidase method with four monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) reactive with routinely fixed and processed tissues. In addition, acetone‐fixed smears of decidual cell suspensions were labelled with a panel of mAbs. Sections and smears were counterstained to demonstrate the charateristic cytoplasmic granules of EGs. Endometrial granulocytes were LCA+, CD2+, MT1+, and UCHL1+, which provides evidence that they are leucocytes. EGs are probably members of the large granular lymphocyte series and may have an essential role in normal implantation and placentation.
Morphometry of bladder carcinoma: I. The automatic delineation of urothelial nuclei in tissue sections using an ibas II image array processor
Authors: Sowter C. , Slavin G. , Rosen D. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractSemi‐automatic methods of morphometry require the boundaries of the objects under study to be drawn by hand. This is slow, tedious and does not guarantee accuracy. Complete automation, with recognition, detection and verification by computer is not yet feasible. Automatic detection of nuclear boundaries with observer verification provides a means of obtaining large amounts of data for analysis, quickly and with similar accuracy to manual tracing.
Elastosis in breast carcinoma: II. Association of protease inhibitors with immature elastic fibres
Authors: Davies J. D. , Mera S. L. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe elastosis of 11 invasive ductal and infiltrative lobular carcinomas of the breast was specifically immunostained for the plasma protease inhibitors alpha‐1 antitrypsin, alpha‐1 antichymotrypsin, alpha‐2 macroglobulin, inter alpha trypsin inhibitor and C1 esterase inhibitor. None of these components was detected in the elastic fibres of normal ducts or blood vessels in the breast. The elastosis in breast carcinomas was also stained by Concanavalin A and Triticum vulgaris lectins. Such lectin staining probably represents binding to the microfibrillar component of elastic fibres, which is increased in immature elastic fibres, thus suggesting that the elastotic fibres of breast carcinoma are recently synthesised. It is suggested that the presence of protease inhibitors may influence the metabolism of elastic fibres, facilitating elastic fibre proliferation by the inhibition of elastinolytic enzymes.
An ultrastructural study of spontaneous cell death in a mouse mastocytoma with particular reference to dark cells
Authors: Harmon Brian V. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe morphology and frequency of the various types of cell death occurring spontaneously in a mouse mastocytoma growing as intramuscular nodules were investigated. In addition to necrosis and apoptosis, which have been well documented in malignant neoplasms in the past, a third morphological pattern of cell death, the formation of dark cells, was observed. Necrosis first appeared in confluent patches about 5 days after tumour inoculation, and these increased in size as the tumours grew. Apoptosis, on the other hand, was present at all stages of tumour growth, and remained at a reasonably constant level. Dark cells were first observed at about 6 days, and increased in numbers thereafter. Dark cells were characterised by overall cellular condensation and gross swelling of mitochondria. Their cytoplasm became squeezed out between adjacent cells and then fragmented. Remnants of dark cells were eventually phagocytosed and degraded by macrophages. The distribution of dark cells in the tumours suggested that crowding and compression may contribute to their development.
Monoclonal antibody to desmosomal glycoprotein 1—A new epithelial marker for diagnostic pathology
Authors: Vilela Marcelo J. , Parrish Elaine P. , Wright Dennis H. , Garrod David R. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractDesmosomes are intercellular adhesive junctions that occur in almost all epithelia and should therefore be useful as epithelial markers in tumour diagnosis. Here, we describe a monoclonal antibody, 32‐2B, to a major desmosomal glycoprotein (dg1) which reacts with human tissues in paraffin sections. This antibody was tested for its ability to stain epithelia and tumours. It reacted with all epithelia tested and with every specimen of a wide range of carcinomas. It also stained meningiomas, another desmosome‐containing tumour. It did not stain other types of tumours including lymphomas, melanomas, and various sarcomas, or normal tissues which lack desmosomes.These characteristics demonstrate that 32‐2B is a reliable epithelial marker that may have a useful role in diagnostic histopathology.
NCL‐5D3: A new monoclonal antibody recognizing low molecular weight cytokeratins effective for immunohistochemistry using fixed paraffin‐embedded tissue
Authors: Angus B. , Purvis J. , Stock D. , Westley B. R. , Samson A. C. R. , Routledge E. G. , Carpenter F. H. , Horne C. H. W. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractProduction of a new monoclonal antibody designated NCL‐5D3 is described. The antibody recognizes several low molecular weight cytokeratins, in particular cytokeratin Moll number 8 as determined by immunoblotting studies, and is highly effective for immunocytochemistry using routinely processed paraffin‐embedded material. Staining is enhanced by prior treatment of the sections with trypsin. Assessment using a wide variety of normal and neoplastic tissue indicates reactivity with all tissues of simple or glandular epithelial origin, and in addition with many squamous carcinomas. Thus the antibody should prove of value in diagnostic histopathology.
The prevalence of isolated atrial amyloid
Authors: Steiner Ivo 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe frequency of isolated atrial amyloid (IAA), a form of ‘senile’ cardiac amyloidosis, was determined in younger age groups. For the detection of amyloid the Sirius red staining technique was used.IAA first appears in the fourth decade; its prevalence increases roughly linearly by 15–20 per cent with each subsequent decade, reaching 95 per cent in the 81–90 years age group. The prevalence is higher in females than in males.
A quantitative study of glomerular basement membrane changes in IgA nephropathy
Authors: Morita Miyako , Sakaguchi Hiroshi 
Published: June 2005

AbstractA quantitative study of glomerular basement membrane (GBM) changes in 16 cases of IgA nephropathy was carried out on two whole glomeruli per case using a wide‐field electron microscope. We found that GBM changes are observed more frequently than previously reported, although some changes are small and uneven in distribution. Changes include (a) attenuation, (b) lytic attenuation, (c) garland‐shaped widening of the GBM, (d) dome‐shaped widening of the GBM, and (e) disruption of the GBM. There was some correlation between the severity of light microscopic findings and the percentage of GBM affected by complicated changes ((b)–(e)). The percentage of complicated GBM changes correlated with the amount of proteinuria at biopsy. The frequent occurrence of GBM changes in IgA nephropathy suggests that they might be playing a role in the pathogenesis of IgA nephropathy.
Lymphocytic gastritis—relationship to Campylobacter pylori infection
Authors: Dixon Michael F. , Wyatt Judith I. , Burke Denis A. , Rathbone Barrie J. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe existence of a distinctive form of chronic gastritis characterized by marked infiltration of the surface and pitlining epithelium by mature T lymphocytes has been confirmed. Seventeen cases were identified amongst 382 patients with active chronic gastritis (4·5 per cent). The cases with lymphocytic gastritis had significantly higher counts of intra‐epithelial lymphocytes than sex and age‐matched controls drawn from a series of patients with the usual form of active Type B chronic gastritis. Furthermore, the lymphocytic gastritis group exhibited unusual endoscopic findings, namely erosions and ‘raised lesions’, in the body of the stomach. Such appearances have been previously described as ‘varioliform’ gastritis. Only seven of the patients (41 per cent) had C.pylori‐positive biopsies, compared with over 90 per cent in the generality of active chronic gastritis, but all but two of the eleven cases tested had serological evidence of C. pylori infection. While the pathogenesis of this condition is unclear, the histological resemblance to coeliac disease suggests that lymphocytic gastritis might also represent an abnormal response to a local antigen to which the patient has become sensitized. It is possible that this antigen is C. pylori.
Expression of Leu‐8 surface antigen in B‐cell lymphomas. Correlation with other B‐cell markers
Authors: Carbone A. , Manconi R. , Poletti A. , Gloghini A. , de Paoli P. , Volpe R. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractUsing in situ immunohistological analysis, expression of Leu‐8 and its correlation with other B‐cell markers were investigated in 21 selected lymphomas of different categories, each one expressing its own typical immunophenotype. These categories included eight follicular centroblastic/centrocytic (CB/CC) lymphomas, eight intermediately differentiated lymphocytic lymphomas (ILL)/mantle zone lymphomas (MZL), and five lymphocytic lymphomas (LL) associated with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL). Four reactive lymph nodes and three tonsils were also studied using double immunolabelling procedures. Cell suspensions were also performed in three CB/CC and four ILL/MZL cases. Leu‐8 was consistently expressed in ILL/MZL and LL but it was absent in most (7/8) CB/CC lymphomas. In reactive tissues, the Leu‐8‐positive B cells were strictly confined to the mantle zones. A close association emerged between Leu‐1 (CD5) and Leu‐8, both being present in ILL/MZL and LL but absent in CB/CC. A consistent lack of association was found between Leu‐8 or CD5 antigens and common acute lymphoblastic leukaemia antigen (CD10) and BA‐2 (CD9) antigen, whereas Leu‐8 and CD5 were strictly associated with surface IgD. Reactivity with Leu‐8 provides a means of distinguishing between CB/CC and ILL/MZL. Furthermore, shared immunoreactivity for Leu‐8 in ILL/MZL and LL may represent a potential clue to the still uncertain cellular derivation of LL/B‐CLL.
Immunocytochemical investigation of intermediate filament proteins and epithelial membrane antigen in spindle cell tumours of the breast
Authors: Ellis Ian O. , Bell Jane , Ronan John E. , Elston Christopher W. , Blamey Roger W. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractSeven consecutive cases of primary spindle celled tumours of the breast have been studied immunohistologically using antisera to the intermediate filament proteins (IFP) vimentin, cytokeratin, and desmin, and with an antibody to epithelial membrane antigen. Representative paraffin sections were examined using a peroxidase–antiperoxidase method. In three cases, very occasional foci of epithelial differentiation were apparent by conventional microscopy, and in one case, adjacent ductal carcinoma in situ was present. The remaining three cases were composed of spindle cell elements entirely, with no evidence of epithelial differentiation morphologically. Immunoreactivity of spindle cell elements for vimentin was found in all seven cases, and for cytokeratin in six cases. One case showed immunoreactivity for vimentin, cytokeratin, and desmin, and one case only for vimentin. Epithelial membrane antigen was not identified in the spindle cell elements of any tumour, but was present in the invasive epithelial component of three cases and the in situ component of one case. We conclude that many spindle cell tumours of breast show immunohistological evidence of epithelial differentiation and can be regarded as spindle cell carcinomas. However, in some cases IFP expression may be complex and histogenesis cannot be determined. This technique can aid histological diagnosis in some cases.
Control of excisional margins by conventional histopathological techniques in the treatment of skin tumours. An alternative to Mohs' technique
Authors: Breuninger Helmut , Schaumburg‐Lever Gundula 
Published: June 2005

AbstractFor histological control of excisional margins, routinely fixed tumour specimens or, under certain conditions, specimens fixed immediately in warm formalin are processed in the histology laboratory. Strips are then cut from the undersurface, edge, and cross‐section of the remainder of the specimen and processed further by routine paraffin techniques until H&E‐stained sections of the entire periphery and midsection are available. We suggest that the method is simple, easy to apply, and suitable for the assessment of excisional margins of a variety of skin tumours. Extremely low recurrence rates over a relatively long follow‐up period substantiate the effectiveness of the method.
The morphological effects of dexamethasone on the pituitary–adrenal axis of the rat—a quantitative study
Authors: McNicol Anne M. , Kubba M. A. , Stewart C. J. R. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractAdult Sprague–Dawley rats received a daily intraperitoneal injection of dexamethasone (100 or 200 μg/kg) for 2 or 6 weeks. Quantitative assessment of the anterior pituitary corticotroph population was performed using the stereological measurement of volume density (Vv). An indirect assessment of corticotroph function was also made, based on adrenal weight and histology. Adrenal changes were consistent with dose‐related inhibition of corticotroph function in all dexamethasone‐treated animals. Immunopositive corticotrophs were easily identified and in no treatment group was corticotroph Vv significantly less than in the appropriate vehicle‐injected control group. In male animals, there was a significant increase (P<0·05) in Vv with 100 μg/kg at both 2 and 6 weeks. These results suggest that it is possible to produce inhibition of corticotroph function by the administration of such doses of dexamethasone without causing a significant reduction in the anterior pituitary corticotroph population. This may be related to the mode of negative feedback of such a regime.
Activation and differentiation antigen expression in B‐cell non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma
Authors: Salter Donald M. , Krajewski Andrew S. , Cunningham Scott 
Published: June 2005

AbstractIn an attempt to establish whether extended immuno‐phenotyping allows more accurate definition of subgroups of B‐cell non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) we have stained a series of 145 cases with a large panel of monoclonal antibodies that recognize B‐cell differentiation and activation antigens. No antigen was expressed by all cases. The B‐cell histogenesis in many cases could be confirmed only by using a panel of immunoglobulin and pan B‐cell markers. There was marked phenotypic heterogeneity within and between major groups of B‐cell NHL as delineated by the Kiel classification although the differentiation antigens CD5 (lymphocytic and centrocytic NHL) and OKT10 (plasma cell tumours) were more often expressed by certain morphological groups. The activation antigens 4F2 and transferrin receptor were expressed more strongly and more often by high grade NHL but other activation antigens (CD23 and CD25) were not more frequently associated with these tumours. Extended phenotyping may be of value in improving the understanding of biological abnormalities and processes involved in B‐cell NHL, but we conclude that a limited panel of markers (CD3, CD5, CD22, CD45, IgM, kappa, and lambda) should be sufficient for routine diagnosis and classification of most cases.