bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nonlocal Acoustic Moiré Hyperbolic Metasurfaces
Authors: Han Chenglin , Fan Shida , Li Changyou , Chen Li‐Qun , Yang Tianzhi , Qiu Cheng‐Wei 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe discovery of the topological transition in twisted bilayer (tBL) materials has attracted considerable attention in nano‐optics. In the analogue of acoustics, however, no such topological transition has been found due to the inherent nondirectional scalar property of acoustic pressure. In this work, by using a theory‐based nonlocal anisotropic design, the in‐plane acoustic pressure is transformed into a spatially distributed vector field using twisted multilayer metasurfaces. So‐called “acoustic magic angle”‐related acoustic phenomena occur, such as nonlocal polariton hybridization and the topological Lifshitz transition. The dispersion becomes flat at the acoustic magic angle, enabling polarized excitations to propagate in a single direction. Moreover, the acoustic topological transition (from hyperbolic to elliptic dispersion) is experimentally observed for the first time as the twist angle continuously changes. This unique characteristic facilitates low‐loss tunable polariton hybridization at the subwavelength scale. A twisted trilayer acoustic metasurface is also experimentally demonstrated, and more possibilities for manipulating acoustic waves are found. These discoveries not only enrich the concepts of moiré physics and topological acoustics but also provide a complete framework of theory and methodologies for explaining the phenomena that are observed.
Discovering a New Drug Against Acute Kidney Injury by Using a Tailored Photoacoustic Imaging Probe
Authors: Zhang Wangning , Chan Chenming , Zhang Kaiyu , Qin Haifeng , Yu Bo‐Yang , Xue Zhaoli , Zheng Xianchuang , Tian Jiangwei 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAcute kidney injury (AKI) has become an increasing concern for patients due to the widespread clinical use of nephrotoxic drugs. Currently, the early diagnosis of AKI is still challenging and the available therapeutic drugs cannot meet the clinical demand. Herein, this work has investigated the key redox couple involved in AKI and develops a tailored photoacoustic (PA) imaging probe (AB‐DiOH) which can reversibly respond to hypochlorite (ClO−)/glutathione (GSH) with high specificity and sensitivity. This probe enables the real‐time monitoring of AKI by noninvasive PA imaging, with better detection sensitivity than the blood test. Furthermore, this probe is utilized for screening nephroprotective drugs among natural products. For the first time, astragalin is discovered to be a potential new drug for the treatment of AKI. After oral administration, astragalin can be efficiently absorbed by the animal body, alleviate kidney injury, and meanwhile induce no damage to other normal tissues. The treatment mechanism of astragalin has also been revealed to be the simultaneous inhibition of oxidative stress, ferroptosis, and cuproposis. The developed PA imaging probe and the discovered drug candidate provide a promising new tool and strategy for the early diagnosis and effective treatment of AKI.
Programming Polarity Heterogeneity of Energy Storage Dielectrics by Bidirectional Intelligent Design
Authors: Chen Xiaoxiao , Shen Zhong‐Hui , Liu Run‐Lin , Shen Yang , Liu Han‐Xing , Chen Long‐Qing , Nan Ce‐Wen 
Published: January 2024

AbstractDielectric capacitors, characterized by ultra‐high power densities, are considered as fundamental energy storage components in electronic and electrical systems. However, synergistically improving energy densities and efficiencies remains a daunting challenge. Understanding the role of polarity heterogeneity at the nanoscale in determining polarization response is crucial to the domain engineering of high‐performance dielectrics. Here, a bidirectional design with phase‐field simulation and machine learning is performed to forward reveal the structure‐property relationship and reversely optimize polarity heterogeneity to improve energy storage performance. Taking BiFeO3‐based dielectrics as typical systems, this work establishes the mapping diagrams of energy density and efficiency dependence on the volume fraction, size and configuration of polar regions. Assisted by CatBoost and Wolf Pack algorithms, this work analyzes the contributions of geometric factors and intrinsic features and find that nanopillar‐like polar regions show great potential in achieving both high polarization intensity and fast dipole switching. Finally, a maximal energy density of 188 J cm−3 with efficiency above 95% at 8 MV cm−1 is obtained in BiFeO3‐Al2O3 systems. This work provides a general method to study the influence of local polar heterogeneity on polarization behaviors and proposes effective strategies to enhance energy storage performance by tuning polarity heterogeneity.
Extended Π‐Conjugation Toward Efficient Orange Purely Organic Phosphorescence OLEDs
Authors: Chen Zijian , Gu Qing , Li Mengke , Qiu Weidong , Jiao Yihang , Peng Xiaomei , Xie Wentao , Liu Denghui , Liu Kunkun , Yang Zhihai , Su Shi‐Jian 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn purely organic room‐temperature phosphorescence (RTP) materials, fluorescence radiative transitions generally compete against inter‐system crossing (ISC) transitions to give fluorescence/phosphorescence dual emission. In order to achieve pure phosphorescence in RTP organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs), extended π‐conjugation is introduced into Se‐containing donors to suppress the fluorescence radiative transitions by the symmetry excited state orbitals in the introduced π–π* transitions that cancel the overlap of the orbitals, and two novel nonaromatic amine donor containing orange RTP emitters namely 2‐(benzo[c]phenoxaselenin‐10‐yl)‐4,6‐diphenyl‐1,3,5‐triazine (BPXSeDRZ) and 2‐(dibenzo[a,c]phenoxaselenin‐11‐yl)‐4,6‐diphenyl‐1,3,5‐triazine (DBPXSeDRZ) are developed, both of which exhibit efficient orange pure phosphorescence in doped films thanks to the sufficient ISC transitions. As a result, high external quantum efficiencies of 17.2% and 17.9% are respectively achieved for the orange RTP‐OLEDs based on BPXSeDRZ and DBPXSeDRZ for the first time, and they also exhibit stable pure electro‐phosphorescence spectra in a wide driving voltage. Moreover, by adopting DBPXSeDRZ as a sensitizer to harvest the triplet excitons and tetraphenyldibenzoperiflanthene as a conventional fluorescent emitter, the external quantum efficiency of the sensitized red fluorescent OLED can be elevated to 10.1%, which greatly expands the potential applications of the metal‐free phosphors in OLEDs.
Spin–Orbit Torque and Current‐Driven Switching in Pt100‐yTby/Co/AlOx Trilayers
Authors: Wu Jinxiang , Zhao Xiaotian , Liu Wei , Li Yang , Liu Long , Ju Hongzhan , Song Yuhang , Ma Jun , Zhang Zhidong 
Published: January 2024

AbstractTo decrease the energy consumption for the electrical manipulation of magnetization, the enhancement of the spin Hall effect through alloying is widely investigated, but the use of rare earth elements is rarely mentioned. This work reports the modification of the spin Hall effect on Pt by doping rare earth Tb atoms. The spin–orbit torque (SOT) performance is significantly enhanced in Pt100‐yTby alloyed heavy metal (HM) layer. Compared with the Tb‐free sample, the damping‐like effective field per unit current density increases to 1.9 times in the samples with Tb content between 5% and 10%. The critical current density for magnetization reversal is greatly reduced by 65% in a device with Pt87Tb13 HM layer and the in‐plane assistant field as small as ±20 Oe is sufficient for the deterministic switching in the same device. By magneto‐optical Kerr effect imaging, it is confirmed that the increased in‐plane field can effectively compensate the Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction (DMI), which not only helps to reduce the critical current, but also facilitates the domain wall motion and is beneficial for the switching process. All results show that the Pt‐Tb alloy is a competitive candidate for low‐power spintronic devices.
Farm heterogeneity and leveraging federal crop insurance for conservation practice adoption
Authors: Ifft Jennifer , Jodlowski Margaret 
Published: January 2024

AbstractCurrent and proposed policies aim to leverage the Federal Crop Insurance Program (FCIP) to promote conservation practices. This study uses corn farm‐level survey data to inform the effectiveness of targeting FCIP participants. We implement an unsupervised machine learning algorithm to assess what conservation practices are most common among participants. We find that farms that use crop insurance have higher adoption rates for practices that are generally profit‐maximizing. We also calculate nitrogen balance, a yield‐scaled measure of nitrogen fertilizer's potential environmental impact. We find a positive relationship between crop insurance and nitrogen balance closer to the optimum.
Progressive encephalopathy after routine 4‐month immunizations in a patient with NAXD genetic variant
Authors: Cepress Marissa , Grund Ethan , Leng Tomas , Patterson Marc , Saify Mariya , Mohandesi Nessa Aghazadeh , Homme Jason 
Published: January 2024

AbstractMetabolic pathways are known to generate byproducts—some of which have no clear metabolic function and some of which are toxic. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate hydrate (NAD(P)HX) is a toxic metabolite that is produced by stressors such as a fever, infection, or physical stress. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate hydrate dehydratase (NAXD) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate hydrate epimerase (NAXE) are part of the nicotinamide repair system that function to break down this toxic metabolite. Deficiency of NAXD and NAXE interrupts the critical intracellular repair of NAD(P)HX and allows for its accumulation. Clinically, deficiency of NAXE manifests as progressive, early onset encephalopathy with brain edema and/or leukoencephalopathy (PEBEL) 1, while deficiency of NAXD manifests as PEBEL2. In this report, we describe a case of probable PEBEL2 in a patient with a variant of unknown significance (c.362C>T, p.121L) in the NAXD gene who presented after routine immunizations with significant skin findings and in the absence of fevers.
Repeatability of measures of behavioral organization over two years in captive infant rhesus macaques, Macaca mulatta
Authors: Pritchard Alexander J. , Capitanio John P. , Del Rosso Laura , McCowan Brenda , Vandeleest Jessica J. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIndividual differences of infant temperament have been associated with future health outcomes that provide explanatory power beyond adult personality. Despite the importance of such a metric, our developmental understanding of personality‐like traits is poor. Therefore, we examined whether young primates show consistency in personality traits throughout development. We replicated a Biobehavioral Assessment (BBA) at three time periods: 3–4 months, 1 year, and 2 years of age in 47 rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) subjects from large mixed‐sex outdoor social housing units at the California National Primate Research Center. We report results for tests focused on responses and adaptation to the temporary separation and relocation, responses to a threatening stimulus, and ratings of overall temperament. We found consistently repeatable associations in measures of Emotionality; these associations were stronger in males, but also present in females, and broadly consistent between Years 1 and 2. We also explored whether behavioral responses to this experimental relocation might be influenced by their experience being relocated for other reasons (i.e., hospitalizations) as individuals' responses might be influenced by similar experiences to the BBA procedure. Only locomotion, during one of the assessments, was associated with past hospitalization events. Overall, repeatability in Emotionality‐associated behaviors was evident across the 2 years, in both sexes. We did, however, find evidence of the emergence of sex differences via differentiated expression of behavioral responses during the BBA. We emphasize that there is likely contextual nuance in the use of these BBA factor‐associated behaviors. Further research is required to determine whether and how shifts occur in underlying factor structure and the expression of associated behaviors.
Nanocatalytic Anti‐Tumor Immune Regulation
Authors: Li Mingyuan , Jiang Han , Hu Ping , Shi Jianlin 
Published: January 2024

AbstractImmunotherapy has brought a new dawn for human being to defeat cancer. Although existing immunotherapy regimens (CAR‐T, etc.) have made breakthroughs in the treatments of hematological cancer and few solid tumors such as melanoma, the therapeutic efficacy on most solid tumors is still far from being satisfactory. In recent years, the researches on tumor immunotherapy based on nanocatalytic materials are under rapid development, and significant progresses have been made. Nanocatalytic medicine has been demonstrated to be capable of overcoming the limitations of current clinicnal treatments by using toxic chemodrugs, and exhibits highly attractive advantages over traditional therapies, such as the enhanced and sustained therapeutic efficacy based on the durable catalytic activity, remarkably reduced harmful side‐effects without using traditional toxic chemodrugs, and so on. Most recently, nanocatalytic medicine has been introduced in the immune‐regulation for disease treatments, especially, in the immunoactivation for tumor therapies. This article presents the most recent progresses in immune‐response activations by nanocatalytic medicine‐initiated chemical reactions for tumor immunotherapy, and elucidates the mechanism of nanocatalytic medicines in regulating anti‐tumor immunity. By reviewing the current research progress in the emerging field, this review will further highlight the great potential and broad prospects of nanocatalysis‐based anti‐tumor immune‐therapeutics.
“Turbo‐Charged” DNA Motors with Optimized Sequence Enable Single‐Molecule Nucleic Acid Sensing
Authors: Zhang Luona , Piranej Selma , Namazi Arshiya , Narum Steven , Salaita Khalid 
Published: January 2024

AbstractDNA motors that consume chemical energy to generate processive mechanical motion mimic natural motor proteins and have garnered interest due to their potential applications in dynamic nanotechnology, biosensing, and drug delivery. Such motors translocate by a catalytic cycle of binding, cleavage, and rebinding between DNA “legs” on the motor body and RNA “footholds” on a track. Herein, we address the well‐documented trade‐off between motor speed and processivity and investigate how these parameters are controlled by the affinity between DNA legs and their complementary footholds. Specifically, we explore the role of DNA leg length and GC content in tuning motor performance by dictating the rate of leg‐foothold dissociation. Our investigations reveal that motors with 0 % GC content exhibit increased instantaneous velocities of up to 150 nm/sec, three‐fold greater than previously reported DNA motors and comparable to the speeds of biological motor proteins. We also demonstrate that the faster speed and weaker forces generated by 0 % GC motors can be leveraged for enhanced capabilities in sensing. We observe single‐molecule sensitivity when programming the motors to stall in response to the binding of nucleic acid targets. These findings offer insights for the design of high‐performance DNA motors with promising real‐world biosensing applications.
Tip‐like Fe−N4 Sites Induced Surface Microenvironments Regulation Boosts the Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Zhu Yanwei , Jiang Yimin , Li HuangJingWei , Zhang Dongcai , Tao Li , Fu Xian‐Zhu , Liu Min , Wang Shuangyin 
Published: January 2024

AbstractSingle atom catalysts with defined local structures and favorable surface microenvironments are significant for overcoming slow kinetics and accelerating O2 electroreduction. Here, enriched tip‐like FeN4 sites (T−Fe SAC) on spherical carbon surfaces were developed to investigate the change in surface microenvironments and catalysis behavior. Finite element method (FEM) simulations, together with experiments, indicate the strong local electric field of the tip‐like FeN4 and the more denser interfacial water layer, thereby enhancing the kinetics of the proton‐coupled electron transfer process. In situ spectroelectrochemical studies and the density functional theory (DFT) calculation results indicate the pathway transition on the tip‐like FeN4 sites, promoting the dissociation of O−O bond via side‐on adsorption model. The adsorbed OH* can be facilely released on the curved surface and accelerate the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) kinetics. The obtained T−Fe SAC nanoreactor exhibits excellent ORR activities (E1/2=0.91 V vs. RHE) and remarkable stability, exceeding those of flat FeN4 and Pt/C. This work clarified the in‐depth insights into the origin of catalytic activity of tip‐like FeN4 sites and held great promise in industrial catalysis, electrochemical energy storage, and many other fields.
Inkjet‐printed flexible MXetronics: Present status and future prospects
Authors: Krishnamoorthy Rajavel , Das Suprem R. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractOver the past several years, atomically thin two‐dimensional carbides, nitrides, and carbonitrides, otherwise known as MXenes, have been expanded into over fifty material candidates that are experimentally produced, and over one hundred fifty more candidates that have been theoretically predicted. They have demonstrated transformative properties such as metallic‐type electrical conductivities, optical properties such as plasmonics and optical nonlinearity, and key surface properties such as hydrophilicity, and unique surface chemistry. In terms of their applications, they are poised to transform technological areas such as energy storage, electromagnetic shielding, electronics, photonics, optoelectronics, sensing, and bioelectronics. One of the most promising aspects of MXene's future application in all the above areas of interest, we believe, is reliably developing their flexible and bendable electronics and optoelectronics by printing methods (henceforth, termed as printed flexible MXetronics). Designing and manipulating MXene conductive inks according to the application requirements will therefore be a transformative goal for future printed flexible MXetronics. MXene's combined property of high electrical conductivity and water‐friendly nature to easily disperse its micro/nano‐flakes in an aqueous medium without any binder paves the way for designing additive‐free highly conductive MXene ink. However, the chemical and/or structural and hence functional stability of water based MXene inks over time is not reliable, opening research avenues for further development of stable and conductive MXene inks. Such priorities will enable applications requiring high‐resolution and highly reliable printed MXene electronics using state‐of‐the art printing methods. Engineering MXene structural and surface functional properties while tuning MXene ink rheology in benign solvents of choice will be a key for ink developments. This review article summarizes the present status and prospects of MXene inks and their use in inkjet‐printed (IJP) technology for future flexible and bendable MXetronics.
Tying up loose ends together: Cetaceans, maritime traffic and spatial management tools in the Strait of Gibraltar
Authors: Scuderi Alessia , Campana Ilaria , Gregorietti Martina , Moreno Estefanía Martín , García Sanabria Javier , Arcangeli Antonella 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

The transboundary area of the Strait of Gibraltar is home to seven protected cetacean species that are threatened by high intensity of maritime traffic. More comprehensive knowledge of cetaceans and maritime traffic is required, together with analyses of legislations, strategies and policies.
This study quantitatively investigates cetacean distribution and maritime traffic intensity and, for the species of community interest bottlenose dolphin, habitat suitability. Results are qualitatively discussed considering the overlap of cetacean hot spots with different maritime activities and the consistency of spatial conservation management measures in force.
The Fixed Line Transect Mediterranean Monitoring Network protocols were followed for 59 visual surveys using ferries as observation platforms for monitoring cetaceans and maritime traffic. Surveys were carried out along the transects between Algeciras and Ceuta and between Algeciras and Tanger‐Med, in 2018 and 2019. 264 cetacean sightings, including seven different species and four near‐miss collision events (involving pilot, sperm and fin whales), were reported.
Monitoring cetaceans from ferries in the Strait provided insights into cetacean distribution and maritime traffic, enabling the identification of cetacean hot spots, suitable habitats and maritime traffic high‐risk zones.
A transboundary management effort is required, together with an adaptive approach for protecting highly mobile species such as cetaceans. Proposals include a long‐term cetacean monitoring program carried out by dedicated observers on board ferries as a cost‐effective methodology and mandatory training for crew members, to increase cetacean knowledge and reduce collision risk.
The designation of an international temporal or, in some zones, permanent speed reduction area (i.e., Cetacean Critical Navigation Zone, with a maximum speed of 13 knots) and of a micro‐sanctuary with a seasonal no‐take zone in the Bay between Algeciras and Gibraltar, together with international surveillance, are recommended measures for the enhancement of conservation efforts in the Strait.
Towards better differentiation of archaeological objects based on geomorphometric features of a digital elevation model, the case of the Old Oder Canal
Authors: Janowski Łukasz , Pydyn Andrzej , Popek Mateusz , Gajewski Juliusz , Gmińska‐Nowak Barbara 
Published: January 2024

AbstractLimited visibility in the underwater environment often restricts opportunities for archaeological prospection. Especially in reservoirs with a high content of suspended solids, methods based on acoustics prove to be extremely useful. This study represents the first high‐resolution acoustic mapping and archaeological prospections of the Old Oder Canal, which has extremely poor visibility. The study site is located near the town of Krosno Odrzańskie in Poland. The town is one of the country's most significant river crossings and settlements of mediaeval origin (including its wooden bridges). The following research objectives were identified: (1) exploration of the Old Oder Canal, including underwater acoustics and archaeological prospections; (2) analysis and interpretation of the study area based on acquired datasets; and (3) evaluation of secondary features of the river bathymetry for identification of archaeological objects. Possible locations of archaeological objects were determined based on analysis and interpretation of multibeam echosounder measurements of the riverbed. Fieldwork allowed structural elements of mediaeval bridges to be found and dendrochronological sampling performed. Feature selection analyses allowed the determination and evaluation of geomorphometric attributes, combining the characteristics of the discovered objects and diagnostics in order better to differentiate archaeological remains. Proposed secondary features may facilitate archaeological explorations in difficult environments.