bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of lyophilized exosomes derived from umbilical cord stem cells on chronic anterior cruciate ligament cell injury
Authors: Lo Hon-Lok , Lin Sung-Yen , Ho Cheng-Jung , Liu Po-Yu , Huang Shih-Hao , Ming-kung Yeh , Wu Shun Cheng , Lu Cheng-Chang 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background:
Facilitating the healing process of injured anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tissue is crucial for patients to safely return to sports. Stem cell derived exosomes have shown positive effects on enhancing the regeneration of injured tendons/ligaments. However, clinical application of exosomes in terms of storage and pre-assembly is challenging. We hypothesized that lyophilized exosomes derived from human umbilical cord stem cells (hUSC-EXs) could enhance the cell activity of chronically injured ACL cells.
Materials and Methods:
We harvested the 8 weeks injured ACL cells from rabbit under IACUC (No.110232) approval. The studied exosomes were purified from the culture medium of human umbilical cord stem cells (IRB approval No. A202205014), lyophilized to store, and hydrated for use. We compared exosome treated cells with non-exosome treated cells (control group) from the same rabbits. We examined the cell viability, proliferation, migration capability and gene expression of type I and III collagen, TGFβ, VEGF, and tenogenesis in the 8 weeks injured ACL cells after hUSC-EX treatment.
Results:
After hydration, the average size of hUSC-EXs was 85.2 nm, and the cells tested positive for the Alix, TSG101, CD9, CD63, and CD81 proteins but negative for the α-Tubulin protein. Compared with no exosome treatment, hUSC-EX treatment significantly improved the cell viability, proliferation and migration capability of 8 weeks injured ACL cells. In addition, the expression of collagen synthesis, TGFβ, VEGF, and tenogenesis gene were all significantly increased in the 8 weeks injured ACL cells after hUSC-EX delivery.
Discussion:
Lyophilized exosomes are easily stored and readily usable after hydration, thereby preserving their characteristic properties. Treatment with lyophilized hUSC-EXs improved the activity and gene expression of 8 weeks injured ACL cells.
Conclusion:
Lyophilized hUSC-EXs preserve the characteristics of exosomes and can improve chronically injured(8 weeks) ACL cells. Lyophilized hUSC-EXs could serve as effective and safe biomaterials that are ready to use at room temperature to enhance cell activity in patients with partial ACL tears and after remnant preservation ACL reconstruction.
Application of Random Forest Model in Cancer Risk Prognosis: A Role for Dietary Habits
Authors: Hormozi Mahdi , Mirmohammadkhani Majid , Bagheri Mahsa Mohammadi , Safaeian Alireza , Deihim Mehdi , Parsaeian Maryam , Nazari Maryam 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Purpose- This study focuses on the impact of lifestyle behaviors, particularly eating habits, on cancer development. In recent years, there has been growing interest in predicting cancer risk using machine learning algorithms and analyzing factors such as diet. Methods- Our research utilizes a Random Forest Model to classify and identify hidden risk factors in a sample of 252 individuals from the Semnan province in Iran, split into case and control groups. Results- Seventeen dietary indicators were derived from nutritional questionnaires and used to diagnose cancer. The optimal number of trees in the model was 93, resulting in a model with high accuracy and predictive capability. The developed model achieved an average accuracy rate of 92% through cross-validation. Notable early predictors of cancer were discovered, including the extent of vegetable frying, methods of vegetable storage, and the types of containers used for daily staples like bread in Iranian cooking practices. Conclusion- Based on these findings, it is important to address and implement targeted lifestyle interventions based on early predictors to improve patient well-being and treatment outcomes. This research highlights the potential gap in current recommendations regarding health and diet for cancer patients and emphasizes the need for tailored interventions.
Optimizing Interpolation Methods and Point Distances for Accurate Earthquake Hazard Mapping in Gas Pipeline Routing
Authors: Alavi Sayyed Hadi , Mashayekhi Mohammadreza , Zolfaghari Mohammadreza 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
When optimizing the route for gas pipelines while taking seismic risk into account, a vital first step is assessing the seismic hazard at every point within the region that the route must be passed. It's crucial to conduct a seismic hazard analysis for each specific point. However, achieving a continuous assessment of seismic hazard for all points is practically unfeasible. Ultimately, a practical approach involves directly determining hazards in certain points, while employing interpolation for the remaining points. This approach involves deliberating the spacing of grid points for hazard determination and selecting an appropriate interpolation method for estimating hazards in the remaining points. The distance of the points and the interpolation method for each problem must be determined by trial and error. This article explores various point distances and interpolation methods in a case study context. To assess accuracy, this study explores 15 different modes of point distances and employs two distinct interpolation methods—Inverse Distance Weighting and Ordinary Kriging Interpolation models. The selection of point distances is based on a percentage of longitude and latitude. Values from 0.02 to 0.3 are considered. A baseline distance of 0.02 is selected, and other distances and interpolation methods are compared against it. Four statistical indicators—mean error, mean absolute error, root mean square error, and coefficient of determination—are considered. Results indicate that the ordinary Kriging Interpolation Method achieves higher accuracy. Considering error percentages and the apparent similarity of hazard maps, a distance of 0.14 points appears suitable, balancing computational time and required accuracy.
WITHDRAWN: Visualization of Görtler vortices in high–enthalpy plasma flow using planar laser-induced fluorescence
Authors: Yu Xin , Yuan Xun , Peng Jiangbo , Zeng Hui , Ou Dongbin , Yang Chaobo , Cao Zhen , Qi Jinhao 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

The Görtler vortices phenomenon is a characteristic flow feature observed in the boundary layer of the compressed ramps in hypersonic flow. In the context of high-enthalpy plasma flow during aerospace re-entry processes, there is currently a lack of effective means to visualize Görtler vortices of the boundary layer. In this study, the nitric oxide planar laser-induced fluorescence (NO PLIF) technique was employed to visualize the boundary layer of a ramp in a 50 MW arc-heated wind tunnel. The Görtler-like vortex structures were observed in the boundary layer of the ramp. This is the first time that Görtler vortices have been clearly observed in high-enthalpy plasma flow. Through varying the flow conditions, it was found that Görtler vortices persisted in the boundary layer of the ramp when the total enthalpy of the arc-heated wind tunnel exceeded 12.3 MJ/kg. And the position of the Görtler streaks was found to be non-fixed, while the average Görtler wavelength remained approximately 30 mm at 10° ramp and showed limited variation with the total enthalpy. Additionally, a sheet forming optics system with adjustable angle and height was designed to enable visualization of Görtler vortices in the boundary layer of the ramp at different angles and heights. The vortex structures on low-angle ramp exhibit better stability and shorter wavelength. Meanwhile, the visualization results at different heights have confirmed that the wavelength of the Görtler vortices is approximately equal to the boundary layer thickness. This work demonstrates the feasibility and potential of the PLIF technique in visualization of the boundary layer in plasma flow, especially in regard to the Görtler vortices.
Successful pain control with add-on methadone for refractory neuropathic pain due to radiation necrosis in pontine metastatic lesion: A case report
Authors: Kurosaki Fumio , Takigami Ayako , Takeuchi Mitsue , Shimizu Atsushi , Tamba Kaichiro , Bando Masashi , Maemondo Makoto 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background
Central pain, characterized by neuropathic pain, can manifest due to injury to the superior spinothalamic tract. The brainstem, including sensory and motor pathways as well as cranial nerve nuclei, necessitates early intervention when affected by cancer metastasis. Although stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is commonly employed for the treatment of brain metastasis, it poses risks of late complications like radiation necrosis (RN). RN exacerbates the progression of brain lesions within the irradiated area, and in the brainstem, it can damage multiple nerves, including the superior spinothalamic tract. Central neuropathic pain is often intractable and empirically managed with a combination of conventional drugs, such as serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) and anticonvulsants. However, their efficacy is often limited, leading to a decline in performance status (PS) and quality of life (QOL).
Case presentation:
We present the case of a 53-year-old man diagnosed with stage IV lung cancer, referred to our palliative care team for managing severe central pain resulting from SRS-related RN in the pons. Despite administration of opioids, including oxycodone and hydromorphone, and adjuvant analgesics, the patient continued to require frequent use of immediate-release opioids. The addition of methadone alone proved successful in achieving optimal pain control.
Conclusions
Provided that RN in the brainstem can lead to intractable neuropathic pain, it is advisable to avoid SRS for brainstem metastasis when possible. Methadone should be considered as a viable pain management medication for patients experiencing unresolved central pain.
Molecular detection of Cryptosporidium in alpine musk deer (Moschus chrysogaster) in Gansu Province, Northwest China
Authors: Li Ping , Zhang Bowen , Zhao Yafei , Chen Rong , Yu Fuchang , Qi Meng , Zhang Zhenjie 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Cryptosporidium spp. are protozoa commonly found in domestic and wild animals. Limited information is available on Cryptosporidium in deer worldwide. In this study, 201 fecal samples were collected from alpine musk deer on three farms in Gansu Province. The detection and subtyping of Cryptosporidium were carried out by nested PCR with the SSU rRNA gene and the gp60 gene. Prevalence of Cryptosporidium infection in alpine musk deer was 3.9% (8/201), with infection rates of 2.8% (1/36), 9.2% (6/65), and 1.0% (1/100) in three different farms. Both Cryptosporidium species, C. parvum (n = 2) and C. xiaoi (n = 6), were detected in all samples. Of the two C. parvum isolates, two were subtyped as IIdA15G1, and of the six C. xiaoi isolates, two belonged to XXIIIa and four belonged to XXIIIg, respectively. The IIdA15G1 subtype of C. parvum was found in deer for the first time. These findings provide essential insights into the infection rate and genetic evolution of Cryptosporidium in alpine musk deer.
Characterization of mycorrhiza associating with Encyclia tampensis and its effect on plant health
Authors: Garcia Ellen , Downing Jason , Khoddamzadeh Amir Ali 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Starting in the late 1800’s orchids were heavily poached, leaving many species to reach critically low numbers. Coupled with habitat loss and urbanization many orchid populations were extirpated in southern Florida. Due to lack of endosperm, orchid seeds are reliant on specific mycorrhizal fungi to obtain nutrients to enable embryo development resulting in very low germination rates in nature. This obligatory relationship with mycorrhizal fungi complicates orchid re-establishment. The research project aims are (1) to evaluate the correlation between phenotypic traits and optimal growing conditions in various micro-climate conditions, and (2) to assess the range of mycorrhizal diversity in urban and botanic garden settings. The native orchid, Encyclia tampensis, was sampled from naturally occurring and lab propagated orchids at Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden (FTBG), Naples Botanical Garden (NBG), and Downtown Doral Park (DDP) on oak, cypress, and palm trees. Phenotypic measurements (chlorophyll content, light intensity, height on the tree, number of leaves, root and shoot lengths) and root sampling (fungal isolations, DNA identification) were conducted. Increased SPAD and NDVI values measuring chlorophyll content as a plant health parameter were observed at FTBG, while DDP and NBG had comparable values indicating the suitability of botanic gardens and urban spaces as reintroduction sites for orchid. Across all 3 sites and host trees, two distinct clades of mycorrhizal fungi within the genus Tulasnella were recovered. The results of this study will help maximize current conservation and reintroduction programs within developed urban areas and botanical gardens for best management practices on orchids.
Inflation Vs traditional deflator instruments: a comparison between debt management strategies in EU, USA and China
Authors: Busato Francesco , Severino Claudia Ulloa , Varlese Monica 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The unprecedent increase in public debt is affecting economies around the world. At the same time, Central bankers are raising interest rates due to inflation concerns. While investigating the effects of inflation on public debt for EU, USA and China, we compare how a boost in such rate with respect to traditional instruments might reduce debt-to-GDP. Eventually, we conduct a debt decomposition analysis.
Three main results are presented. First, it emerges that an increase in inflation acts as a deflator only for developed economies. Second, raising taxes entails an increase in public debt for both emerging and advanced economies. Instead, public expenditure is preferred as a deflator instrument, especially in times of crisis. Third, divergent political stances create a significant heterogeneity among and within regions.
The results suggest that stimulative policies based on traditional fiscal instruments are essential for debt sustainability and economic growth, especially during times of distress.
JEL Classification System: C23, E31, E44, F43
Evaluation Method of Ideological and Political Classroom Teaching Quality in Basic Education Based on DA-BP Algorithm
Authors: Liu Churan 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

The traditional approach to evaluating the quality of ideological and political classroom (IPC) teaching in basic education mostly starts from the micro viewpoint and has not yet developed a flawless evaluation index (EI) system, leading to unsatisfactory assessment results. Therefore, a new assessment technique of IPC instructing quality in basic education needs to be designed based on the DA-BP technique. In other words, a model for assessing the quality of IPC instructing in basic education has been designed based on teaching objectives. The evaluation process is generated using the DA-BP algorithm, enabling the assessment of the quality of IPC teaching. The result of case analysis depictst that the EI of the designed assessment technique for the instructing quality of IPC in basic curriculum is more consistent with the standard index, which proves that the designed assessment method has good evaluation impact, reliability, and certain application value, and has made certain contributions to improving the teaching level of IPC.
Optical Properties of the DMS Ellipsoid Quantum Dot with Rashba Spin-Orbit Interaction
Authors: Babanlı A. M. , Balcı M. , Ovezov M. , Orazov G. , Sabyrov V. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

In this work, the optical properties of a dilute semimagnetic semiconductor ellipsoidal quantum dot with Rashba spin-orbit interaction are investigated. Using the adiabatic approximation method, the Hamiltonian of an electron in an ellipsoidal quantum dot was divided into two substates, defined as “slow” and “fast”. The Schrödinger equation was solved by the effective mass approximation method. The change in the absorption coefficient as a function of the energy of the incident photon was studied for various values of parameters, such as the magnetic field, the Rashba parameter, temperature, concentration of Mn atoms and the radius of the ellipsoid. According to the results obtained, these parameters significantly affect the intraband energy levels. Thereby influencing the optical transitions of the quantum system under consideration. It was found that with increasing magnetic field value, the maximum absorption coefficient increases and shifts to the left relative to the incident photon. As the value of the Rashba parameter increases, the maximum absorption coefficient decreases and shifts to the right relative to the incident photon. Increasing the ellipsoid radius decreases the maximum absorption coefficient and shifts it to the left relative to the incident photon. And an increase in the temperature and concentration of the Mn atom shifts the maximum absorption coefficient to the left relative to the incident photon.
Hypovitaminosis D and iron deficiency in children: A new approach to its unexplained relationship with osteoarticular pain
Authors: Calonge María Amelia Muñoz , Marvá Marcos , Varillas-Delgado David , Martínez José Jiménez , Zapata Manuel Rodríguez 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this study was to determine the association between growing pain and arthralgia and vitamin D and iron deficiency in children.
Methods
This prospective, observational, case-control study were recruited 89 children (47 patients and 42 controls) during January 2019 to September 2021. In a first blood biochemistry, children with low vitamin D levels were treated for 8 weeks and children with low ferritin levels were treated with iron supplementation between 4–5 mg/kg/day, for 12 weeks. A second blood biochemistry was carried out after treatment. Data on arthralgias, bone and mixed pain were collected before and after treatment.
Results
Before treatment, the average serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OH D) level was significantly lower in patients with hypovitaminosis than in the control group (24.96 (± 5.9) vs. 32.00 (± 11.2) respectively) (p = 0.008). After treatment, 95% of the patients reported pain relief and vitamin D mean concentration was restored in hypovitaminosis group (above 30ng/ml) and did not differ significantly from controls (33.2 (± 6.1) vs. 32.00 (± 11.2) respectively) (p = 0.644). The association between iron metabolism and arthralgia was neither significant nor conclusive for iron (p = 0.054) and no significant for ferritin and pain (p = 0.555). After treatment, 19 (95%) patients reported pain remission, the only one not recovered suffering from bone (growing) pain (p < 0.001).
Conclusions
An association between decreased vitamin D levels and osteoarticular pain was found. Also, osteoarticular pain remitted after treatment to restore suitable vitamin D level.
Thermal conductivity measurements for the hydrochloroolefin R1130(E)
Authors: Lombardo G. , Menegazzo D. , Scattolini M. , Ferrarini G. , Bobbo S. , Fedele L. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The identification of new refrigerants characterized by low GWP (<150), as required at international level by several agreements and regulations, is still far from the conclusion. In particular, for a proper selection, the thermophysical properties of hydro(chloro) fluoroolefins (H(C)FOs) are required, but their knowledge is still scarce for several of these fluids. Amongst these, R1130(E) has recently get some attention as a component, with R1336mzz(Z), of the azeotropic binary mixture (R514A), that could be applied as a substitute for R123 in centrifugal chillers, high-temperature heat pumps, and organic Rankine cycles. R1130(E) is a hydrochloroolefin characterized by a relatively high normal boiling temperature (320.9 K) and belongs to the ASHRAE safety group B1. Its properties are still not widely studied and, in particular, no data are available in the peer reviewed literature for the thermal conductivity. Thus, in this paper, a set of experimental thermal conductivity data, performed with a double THW apparatus, will be presented. The data are measured in the range of temperatures between 243.15 K and 313.15 K, with pressures up to 8 MPa.
Unveiling the Quantum Internet: Potentials, Challenges, and Security through Simulation
Authors: Banaeimoon Ahmed Abdullah , Waleed Kalead , Rashed Zayed , Hilal Hasan Abu 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This study explores the potential of the quantum internet, a realm made possible by the foundational principles of quantum mechanics like entanglement and superposition. In this paper, we unravel the foundations of the quantum internet and its capacity to revolutionize technology. Our analysis dissects its fundamental aspects and emphasizes advantages like security and robustness, recognizing challenges like bandwidth limitations and costs. Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) is a big part of the quantum cryptography realm. It seeks to establish secure cryptographic keys among distant parties and detects potential eavesdropping attempts. The study also delves into future scenarios, applications, and quantum internet protocols, providing a holistic perspective. Through a simulated quantum communication scenario, we evaluate our research on system security by comparing error rates between quantum and classical counterparts. The simulation outcomes underscore the advantages of quantum communication in mitigating security threats and offer valuable insight into its superiority over classical systems. The exploration provides a nuanced understanding of the quantum internet's transformative prowess and pinpoints areas that need attention.
IRAK4 in the hippocampus increases susceptibility to seizures through NF-κB/NLRP3-mediated neuronal pyroptosis
Authors: Zhao Ting , 张 雪飞 , Cui Xiaoxiao , Su Songxue , Li Lei , Chen Yanan , Wang Na , Sun Lei , Zhao Jianyuan , Zhang Jiewen , Han Xiong , Cao Jing 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
Interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 4 (IRAK4) plays an important role in immune modulation in various central nervous system disorders. Previous studies have found that the IRAK4 pathway is involved in lead-induced cell pyroptosis. However, there is no report on the role of IRAK4 in epilepsy models and its involvement in regulating cell pyroptosis in epilepsy, both in animal and clinical studies.
Method
Firstly, we performed transcriptome sequencing, qPCR, and Western blot analysis on hippocampal tissues of refractory epilepsy patients to detect the mRNA and protein levels of IRAK4 and pyroptosis-related proteins. Secondly, we successfully established a Pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)-induced seizure mouse model. We conducted behavioral tests, electroencephalography (EEG), virus injection, and molecular biology experiments to investigate the role of IRAK4 in seizure activity regulation.
Results
IRAK4 is upregulated in the hippocampal lesions of epilepsy patients and in the hippocampus of PTZ-induced seizure mice. In PTZ mice, IRAK4 expression is observed in neurons. Knocking out IRAK4 in PTZ mice downregulates pyroptosis-related proteins and alleviates seizure activity. Conversely, overexpressing IRAK4 in naïve mice upregulates pyroptosis-related proteins and increases PTZ-induced neuronal abnormal discharges. PDTC can reverse the increased expression of pyroptosis-related proteins caused by PTZ. PF-06650833 can alleviate seizure activity and inhibit pyroptosis in PTZ-induced seizure mice.
Conclusion
In summary, we hypothesize that IRAK4 promotes the expression of pyroptosis-related proteins through the NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway, suggesting that IRAK4 may promote seizure activity by mediating pyroptosis. IRAK4 plays a crucial role in epilepsy and may serve as a potential therapeutic target for this neurological disorder.