bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Overcoming High Reduction Potentials via Consecutive Mechanical-Force-Induced Electron Transfer Strategy
Authors: Lian Zhong , Wang Xiaohong , He Xiaochun , Zhang Xuemei , Wang Qingqing , Huang Qian , Qu Ruiling 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Mechanical-force-induced redox catalysis has recently advanced rapidly, emerging as a green and innovative tool in synthetic chemistry. The foundation of this strategy lies in the single electron transfer (SET) from polarized piezoelectric materials to the substrates, which is initiated by the piezoelectric potential generated through mechanical agitation. The magnitude of this piezoelectric potential is primarily influenced by the intrinsic properties of the piezoelectric material. In certain circumstances, however, the generated piezoelectric potential may be insufficient to trigger the SET process, akin to the limitations of visible-light excitation in photocatalytic reactions. This challenge has motivated us to explore effective solutions. In this work, we establish a catalytic system that utilizes a consecutive mechanical-force-induced electron transfer (ConMET) strategy. This novel catalytic system employs piezoelectric materials as mechanochemical redox catalysts, with 9-phenyl-dihydroacridine (D1) serving as sacrificial electron donors, facilitating consecutive electron transfer to produce significantly more powerful reductive species during mechanical grinding. Our approach effectively promotes the reduction of aryl iodides, bromides and even electron-rich aryl chlorides, which possess reduction potentials as high as − 2.8 V (vs. SCE), leading to the formation of aryl radicals. Ultimately, this innovative catalytic strategy enables anti-Markovnikov hydroarylation of alkenes and dehalogenative deuteration of aromatic halides (Cl, Br) under mild conditions.
An Artificial Intelligence Model to Detect Abnormal Ejection Fraction from Non-Contrast Chest Computed Tomography: The CT-LVEF study
Authors: Raikhelkar Jayant , Bai Zilong , Beecy Ashley , Liu Fengbei , Nizam Nusrat , Kishore Varsha , Kelsey Chris , vanMaanan David , Ruhl Jeffrey , Tesfuzigta Naomi , Lancet Erica , Leb Jay , Legasto Alan , Elias Pierre , Poterucha Timothy , Kumaraiah Deepa , Wang Fei , Sayer Gabriel , Estrin Deborah , Sabuncu Mert , Uriel Nir 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Heart failure (HF), a major global health challenge, affects millions worldwide and poses substantial healthcare and economic burdens. The left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) is a critical dynamic parameter used to characterize HF and guide treatment. In this study, we developed and validated an artificial intelligence (AI) model capable of predicting abnormal LVEF directly from static, non-gated, non-contrast chest computed tomography (CT) scans, a novel application for an imaging modality typically used for unrelated indications. Using a multi-institutional dataset of 34,058 paired CT and echocardiogram studies from two academic centers, we trained our model on over 25,000 studies and validated it on 8,110 studies from a separate institution. Remarkably, our model demonstrated robust performance, achieving an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) of 0.786 on the hold-out test set and 0.755 on external validation. Our findings are particularly promising given the widespread availability of CT scans—over 80 million performed annually in the U.S.—making this opportunistic screening approach highly practical. Beyond strong predictive performance, the AI model outperformed expert radiologists in both accuracy and efficiency and provided interpretable visualizations highlighting imaging features linked to reduced LVEF. By enabling the identification of HF from routine chest CTs performed for other indications, this technology holds significant promise for early detection, reducing the diagnostic gap, and improving outcomes in asymptomatic HF.
Risky Sexual Behavior and Associated Factors Among Secondary School Students in Mirab Abaya District, Southern Ethiopia, 2024
Authors: Hailegiorgis Yegetaneh , Kondale Mekdes , Gebru Zeleke , Hailegiorgis Eden 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Introduction: Ethiopia prioritized adolescent and youth health programmes in recent years; particularly in sexual and reproductive health and youth development. Despite these efforts, significant challenges remain, risky sexual behavior among adolescents poses significant public health challenges, including high rates of unintended pregnancies and sexually transmitted infections.
Objective: To assess the magnitude of risky sexual behavior and factors associated with it among secondary school students in Mirab Abaya district, Southern Ethiopia, 2024.
Method: A school-based cross-sectional study was carried out on 389 students selected by simple random sampling method from September 30 to October 14, 2024. The data were collected using a self-administered structured pretested questionnaire and analyzed using the statistical package for social science version 27. Binary logistic regression analysis was employed to identify the associated variables with the outcome variable. Variables found to have a p-value of <0.25 in the bivariable analysis were passed to multivariable analysis.
Result: From 408 students, 389 participated, with a response rate of 95%. The prevalence of risky sexual behavior was 30.10% (95% CI: 25.65%–34.55%). Substance use (AOR = 3.85, 95% CI: 1.44–10.22), watching pornographic movies (AOR = 2.10, 95% CI: 1.64–5.61), neglectful parental monitoring (AOR = 3.71, 95% CI: 1.39–9.86), peer pressure (AOR = 3.46, 95% CI: 1.30–9.88), authoritative parental monitoring (AOR = 0.18, 95% CI: 0.07–0.49). Students’ knowledge (AOR = 2.33, 95% CI: 1.53–6.17) and attitudes (AOR = 2.58, 95% CI: 1.89–6.90) were significantly associated with risky sexual behavior.
Conclusion and recommendation: The magnitude reported here is significant which demand crucial attention. Educational campaigns should be implemented to address the risks associated with substance use. Efforts should be made to improve the availability of condom, parental engagement in discussions regarding sexuality, and establishment of peer-led health clubs within schools to fostering supportive environments and promoting healthier choices among students.
Dielectric Properties of Tin Selenide Nanoparticles
Authors: Gosai N. N. , Solanki G. K. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

In this paper of chemical precipitation method to prepared SnSe nanoparticles through directly mixed Sodium selenosulfate solution (Na2SeSO3) in selenium chloride solution (SnCl2·2H2O) by drop wise. We investigated the dielectric properties of Tin Selenide (SnSe) nanoparticles obtained by chemical precipitation method in deionized water. Chemical composition of grown powder is studied with the help of EDAX. Dielectric properties of tin selenide nano particles showed strong indication of frequency and temperature dependence of capacitance (C), dielectric constant (K), dielectric loss (tanδ), real and imaginary part of dielectric constant (ε' and ε") over the frequency range 100 Hz to 1M Hz using LCR meter model 4284A and temperature ranges 303 to 523 K. In this investigation, dielectric constant is observed to be high at lower frequency and it systematically decreases with increasing frequency up to 600 kHz and then after it nearly becomes frequency independent while dielectric loss tanδ decreases with temperature and frequency.
A Standardized Nontargeted Metabolomics Analytical Method for Qualitatively Comparing Apples to Apples
Authors: Watkins Steve , Odenkirk Melanie , Michel Cole , Doenges Katrina , Leaptrot Katrina , Sherrod Stacy , May Jody , Read Margaret , Chaparro Jacqueline , Montgomery Nathan , Brinkley Sarah , Vaniya Arpana , Mitchell Susan , Yu Bruce , Elhaderi Jason , Henson Louie , Broeckling Corey , Fiehn Oliver , Reisdorph Richard , Reisdorph Nichole , McLean John , Chien Chi-Ming , Shafizadeh Tracy , Parra John de la , Ahmed Selena , Prenni Jessica 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Food composition has been traditionally defined by 35-160 chemical components with established nutritional significance for human health. Modern omics technologies have revealed that the chemical complexity of food is far greater, offering the potential to deepen our understanding of food composition to more precisely inform data-driven solutions across food systems. However, challenges in generating comparable omics data have limited the utility of omics technologies at the scale required to expand food composition databases. Herein, we present a standardized nontargeted LC-MS metabolomics method, supported by a novel internal retention time standard (IRTS) mixture of compounds non-endogenous to food that enables robust chromatographic alignment of data across laboratories. Our results demonstrate qualitative consensus of features across laboratories and/or instrumentation. This approach establishes the foundation for comparable, nontargeted omics analysis to support the next generation of food composition data.
Comparative in Vitro Quality Evaluation of Ciprofloxacin Tablets collected from local market
Authors: Nirea Tsega Zeru , Meressa Mengstieab Gebrehiwet , Berhe Gebregziabher Brhane 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Ciprofloxacin is a versatile antibiotic that fights a wide range of bacteria, both Gram-negative and Gram-positive. This study looked at the quality and consistency of several 500 mg ciprofloxacin tablet brands available in local pharmacies in Tigray. To check weight uniformity, we weighed twenty tablets from each brand. We tested how quickly the tablets break down in water at a temperature of 37 ± 0.5°C. We also ran dissolution tests using a paddle apparatus, measuring how much of the drug dissolved at 276 nm. For the active ingredient analysis, we used High-Pressure Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) with a specific setup: a stainless steel column filled with a special silica gel (Hypersil BDS), UV-VIS detection at 278 nm, a flow rate of 1.5 ml/min, and an oven set at 40°C. The results were impressive. The friability rates (which measure how easily tablets crumble) were between 0.04% and 0.08%, well below the BP standard of less than 1%. The tablets' hardness ranged from 11.45 to 32.43 kgf, meeting the requirement of being above 5 kgf. The tablets disintegrated in 3 to 4.5 minutes, well within the 30-minute limit set by BP and USP-40 standards. Dissolution tests showed that over 80% of the ciprofloxacin was released within 30 minutes, with results between 93.5% and 101.2%. The active ingredient assays, both UV and HPLC, met BP standards. The CP-500 brand had the highest results, with 104.3% by UV and 103.9% by HPLC, all within the acceptable range of 95.0–105.0% (BP) and 90.0–110.0% (USP). Overall, the study confirmed that the ciprofloxacin tablets from different brands in Tigray's local market are of high quality.
Ventricular remodeling with dapagliflozin in elderly women with HFpEF--a single center prospective study
Authors: Huang JiaJia , Xu SuYan , Wang AiFeng , Shi Yanan 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Purpose To investigate the clinical efficacy and prognosis of dapagliflozin in elderly women with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Methods From March 2022 to September 2023, 299 elderly female patients with HFpEF were randomly divided into control group (n = 149) and dapagliflozin group (n = 150) by random number method. Baseline clinical data and laboratory test results were collected. The changes of relevant results before and after treatment in each group were sorted out and compared. After discharge, the enrolled patients were followed up by outpatient or telephone for an average of 12 months, and were followed up for rehospitalization of heart failure, occurrence of ventricular arrhythmia and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). Results After anti-heart failure therapy, N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) was detected between the two groups. Soluble growth stimulation expressed gene 2 (ST2), Galectin-3 (Gal-3) and Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire (MLHFQ) were statistically significant. NT-proBNP, Gal-3 and MLHFQ in dapagliflozin group were significantly lower than those in control group after treatment (all P < 0.05). After 12 months of treatment in the dapagliflozin group, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR)and Direct Bilirubin (DBil)((all P < 0.05)were significantly higher than those before treatment. After 12 months, c-reactiveprotein (CRP) was significantly lower than that before treatment in the dapagliflozin group. Na levels in dapagliflozin group was significantly increaser. MACE events in dapagliflozin group were significantly decreased (P < 0.05). Conclusion The clinical efficacy and prognosis of elderly female HFpEF patients were significantly improved after treatment with dapagliflozin.
Exploring Research Productivity and Key Trends in African Urban Renewal Studies: A Bibliometric Approach.
Authors: Ossai Onyinyechi , Akukwe Thecla , Mba Chinedu , Ali Alphonsus 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Urban renewal has emerged as a critical aspect of sustainable urban development, particularly in the context of Africa’s rapidly growing cities. As governments and policymakers strive to address challenges related to urbanization, housing, and infrastructure, research on urban renewal provides valuable insights into effective planning and policy interventions. This study examines the growth patterns, distribution of productivity, research hotspots, and emerging trends in urban renewal scholarship across Africa using bibliometric analysis. A total of 151 publications from the Scopus database were analyzed using R Programming Language. The findings indicate a continuous trajectory of urban renewal research since 1980, with an average annual growth rate of 4.52%, peaking at 12 articles in 2020. South Africa emerges as the leading contributor in terms of both publication volume and citation impact. Urban Forum is identified as the most prominent journal in this field, while the South African Geographical Journal stands out as the most notable indigenous journal. The bibliometric analysis highlights 23 major research trends, predominantly focusing on macro-level challenges, government-driven economic development, sustainable planning, and human-centered policy interventions. Despite these advancements, the study underscores a critical research gap in areas such as informal settlements, urban poverty, and green infrastructure, emphasizing the need for broader and more inclusive urban renewal research across the continent.
Investigating the Role of Stable Flies (Stomoxys calcitrans) and Biting Midges (Culicoides spp.) as Potential Mechanical Vectors of African Swine Fever Virus in Lithuania, Poland and Romania.
Authors: Dhollander Sofie , Balmoș Oana-Maria , Cattaneo Eleonora , Cortiñas José Abrahantes , Boklund Anette Ella , Szczotka-Bochniarz Anna , Mihalca Andrei Daniel , Mur Lina , Frant Maciej , Gal-Cisoń Anna , Kwasnik Malgorzata , Rozek Wojciech , Malakauskas Alvydas , Masiulis Marius , Turcinaviciene Jurga , Chesnoiu Theodora , Jazdzewski Krzysztof , Rola Jerzy , Barbuceanu Florica , Miranda Miguel Ángel , Stegeman Jan Arend 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Since its emergence in Georgia in 2007, the seasonal pattern of African swine fever virus (ASFV) genotype II outbreaks in European pig populations has been evident. It is hypothesized that summer-related farming practices, along with the increased activity and abundance of arthropod vectors during warmer months, contribute to the increased incidence of these outbreaks during this period. This study investigated the potential role of stable flies (Stomoxys calcitrans) and biting midges (Culicoides spp.) as mechanical vectors of ASFV.
Methods
From August 2021 to August 2023, vector surveillance was conducted as part of a case-control study on 42 outbreak farms and 70 control farms across Romania, Lithuania, and Poland. Collected insect specimens were pooled and tested for ASFV DNA using real-time PCR.
Results
A total of 8,604 biting midges’ specimens and 742 S. calcitrans flies were collected, with ASF DNA detected in 27 out of 1,219 insect pools. Positive pools were predominantly observed in Culicoides punctatus, C. newsteadi, and the Obsoletus complex, with most detections occurring in August. However, ASFV isolation was unsuccessful. Statistical analyses revealed no significant association between farm status (outbreak vs. control) and ASFV DNA detection in biting midges’ pools, likely due to limited sample size. Additionally, two ASFV-positive S. calcitrans pools were identified, supporting their potential role as mechanical vehicles for ASFV. The findings highlight the affinity of C. punctatus, C. newsteadi, and the Obsoletus complex and S. calcitrans for pig farms, which may increase the likelihood of ASFV acquisition and dissemination, assuming viral infectivity is maintained in these insects. Environmental factors, such as pig farm density and proximity to other hosts, likely influence this risk.
Conclusions
These results emphasize the importance of vector control strategies, including insect netting, to mitigate ASFV transmission risks. Further research is needed to understand the dynamics of ASFV infection in arthropods. Notably, this study also reports the first identification of Culicoides riethi and Culicoides salinarius in Lithuania.
A novel metric to monitor early progression in keratoconus: Epithelial backscatter
Authors: Toprak Ibrahim , Gunes Celal Emre , Martin-Seker Cigdem , Parca Osman 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Purpose
To assess the progression of keratoconus over the course of one-year using epithelia and anterior stromal backscatter, Belin ABCD progression display, and various Pentacam® parameters and to determine whether backscatter measurements can be utilized to monitor progression.
Methods
This single-centre, cross-sectional study evaluated change in epithelial and anterior stromal backscatter (using the line densitometry feature of the Pentacam®) and the flat, steep, mean and maximum keratometry, Belin ABCD progression display, corneal elevations, Belin/Ambrósio enhanced ectasia display (BAD-D), pachymetric progression index (PPI), maximum Ambrósio relational thickness (ARTmax), and topometric indices, between baseline and one-year in 37 eyes (37 patients) with keratoconus.
Results
When compared to the baseline after one-year, epithelial backscatter increased (p < 0.05); posterior radius of curvature, BAD-D, average PPI, index of vertical asymmetry (IVA), and index of height decentration (IHD) worsened (p < 0.05); and the anterior stromal backscatter, keratometry values, Belin ABCD stages, thinnest pachymetry, elevations, and ARTmax remained stable (p > 0.05). There were statistically significant weak-to-moderate correlations between the backscatter values and Pentacam® parameters (p < 0.05).
Conclusion
Epithelial backscatter can be considered a novel parameter to monitor the progression of keratoconus, as it was found to have similar abilities to those of the posterior radius of curvature, BAD-D, average PPI, IVA, and IHD, all of which demonstrated early evolution during one-year of follow-up, while the front keratometric data exhibited no progression. Moreover, by generalizing single-point backscatter data to the entire corneal surface, epithelial backscatter can be integrated into Pentacam® maps as a novel feature in keratoconus diagnosis and progression follow-up.
Epidemiology of Autosomal Dominant Spinocerebellar Ataxias in Latin America: A Systematic review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Galecio-Castillo Milagros , Gutierrez-Arratia Jesus , Abad-Murillo Alonso , Sarapura-Castro Elison , Illanes-Manrique Maryenela , Araujo-Aliaga Ismael , Saldarriaga-Mayo Ana , Cornejo-Olivas Mario 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

The Spinocerebellar Ataxias (SCAs) are a group of autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disorders characterized by progressive cerebellar ataxia, affecting motor coordination. SCAs are reported globally with large geographical and ethnic differences. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to update the frequency, and geographic distribution of SCAs in Latin America, including recently identified SCAs like SCA27b. We conducted a systematic search in PubMed, Scopus, LILACS, SciELO and Web of Science databases, including studies published from inception to January 2025. We included 25 studies for the systematic review and 17 studies for the meta-analysis that met the inclusion criteria, representing a total of 5,546 participants across eleven countries. Our meta-analysis revealed that about 61% (95% CI 31–84%) of hereditary ataxias in Latin America were confirmed to have a genetic diagnosis of SCA. The included participants with a known SCA have the following proportions: MJD/SCA3 (34%), SCA2 (30%), SCA10 (9%), SCA7 (9%) and SCA1 (4%). Geographic distributions were notable, MJD/SCA3 in Brazil, SCA2 in Cuba, Argentina and Mexico, SCA10 predominating in Peru, and SCA7 in Venezuela. Recently identified subtypes, like SCA27B and one case of SCA4, were identified in Brazil. In 22 countries there are no published studies on the epidemiology of SCAs. The distribution of SCAs in Latin America reflects the influence of historical migrations, founder effects, and ancestries, emphasizing regional heterogeneity. Our findings underscore the critical need for further epidemiological studies, particularly in understudied countries in the region.
Enhanced Tomato Leaf Disease Classification and Localization using Advanced Feature Extraction and Transfer Learning
Authors: Buchke Pratik , Mayuri A. V.R. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Tomato plants are susceptible to various diseases that significantly impact crop yield and quality. Accurate and timely identification of these diseases is crucial for effective management and mitigation. This study presents a deep learning-based methodology for enhancing disease prediction, classification, and precise localization of affected areas within tomato leaves. The proposed approach leverages a combination of statistical, texture (Tamura and GLCM), geometry, and color features extracted from leaf images. To further enrich feature representation, wavelet analysis is employed. The model not only classifies ten prevalent tomato diseases but also estimates the proportion of affected leaf area, providing valuable insights for disease severity assessment. Evaluated on a dataset comprising 10,000 images, our model achieves remarkable accuracy of 99.50%. This robust performance underscores the efficacy of our approach in accurate disease diagnosis, benefitting farmers and researchers by enabling prompt intervention and efficient disease management strategies.