bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
One-year follow-up evaluation of magnetic resonance imaging of the brain in dogs with pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism
Authors: Bertoy Elizabeth Herst , Feldman Edward C. , Nelson Richard W. , Dublin Arthur B. , Reid Michael H. , Feldman Marsha S. 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To evaluate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) brain scans of dogs with pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism (PDH) and no signs of CNS dysfunction 1 year after diagnosis and initial MRI.

Design
Prospective study of surviving dogs from a previous study.

Animals
13 dogs underwent MRI of the brain at the time that PDH was diagnosed and prior to treatment. At that time, none of the dogs had clinical signs suggestive of an intracranial mass. Approximately 1 year after diagnosis and MRI, the brain was again evaluated by MRI.

Results
On the initial MRI scan, 5 of the 13 dogs had normal findings, and 8 had evidence of a mass (tumor) in the area of the pituitary gland. Of the 5 dogs that had no visible pituitary mass on the initial MRI scan, 3 had a normal MRI brain scan 1 year later. Of the 5 dogs that had no visible pituitary mass on initial MRI scan, 2 had a visible pituitary mass at 1 year. The 8 dogs that had a visible mass on the initial MRI brain scan had easily identified pituitary masses on the second MRI scan. Of these 8 dogs, 4 had no apparent change in pituitary mass size, and 4 had obvious increase in vertical height of the pituitary mass. Of the 4 dogs, 2 developed signs of neurologic dysfunction within 1 year after diagnosis of PDH, presumably attributable to that mass. Of the 13 dogs, 12 were treated with mitotane soon after completion of the initial MRI scan. Sensitivity to mitotane and initial pituitary mass size or growth were not correlated. Of the 13 dogs evaluated initially and 1 year after diagnosis, 10 had pituitary masses identified on MRI brain scans.

Clinical Implications
The incidence of visible pituitary masses among dogs with PDH at the time of or within a year of diagnosis was > 75%. In 2 dogs, signs of CNS dysfunction developed within 1 year of PDH diagnosis when pituitary masses were ≥ 10 mm. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1996;208: 1268–1273)
Epidemiologic study of on-farm management practices associated with prevalence of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis infections in dairy cattle
Authors: Goodger William J. , Collins Michael T. , Nordlund Kenneth V. , Eisele Christian , Pelletier Joseph , Thomas Chester B. , Sockett Don C. 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To use an on-farm recording form to quantify the effect of specific management practices on apparent prevalence of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis in dairy cattle herds.

Design
Epidemiologic survey.

Animals
26 commercial Wisconsin dairy farms.

Procedures
An instrument was developed on the basis of literature review and expert interviews to quantify on-farm management practices associated with increased apparent prevalence of M paratuberculosis. On-farm visits were conducted to assess how specific management practices were conducted. Apparent prevalence of M paratuberculosis infection was measured for all animals > 20 months old on all farms, using a commercial ELISA. Regression analysis was used to identify management variables that were significantly associated with apparent prevalence of M paratuberculosis.

Results
Regression analysis (R2 = 0.90) identified that high scores for environmental conditions, newborn calf care, grower calf care, bred heifer care, and manure handling were significantly associated with M paratuberculosis apparent prevalence in Wisconsin dairy herds.

Clinical Implications
Environmental conditions, newborn calf care, grower calf management, bred heifer management, and manure handling factors may serve as a prioritized checklist for instructing owners and managers where to place emphasis in changing management practices to limit M paratuberculosis prevalence. Likewise, the factors identified as having low association with apparent prevalence may be de-emphasized in control programs, allowing dairy managers to focus time and finances on more effective components of an M paratuberculosis control program. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1996;208:1877-1881)
Epidemiologic and pathologic characteristics of respiratory tract disease in dairy heifers during the first three months of life
Authors: Virtala Anna-Maija K. , Mechor Gerald D. , Gröhn Yrjö T. , Erb Hollis N. , Dubovi Edward J. 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To describe the incidence of respiratory tract disease in dairy calves and to compare antibody titers and microbial isolates from transtracheal wash samples between calves with and without respiratory tract disease (cases and controls, respectively).

Design
Prospective observational cohort study, with matched case-control substudy.

Animals
410 dairy heifers; in substudy, 105 cases and 59 controls from the same population.

Procedure
Calves were examined weekly by a veterinarian during the first 3 months of life. Blood samples were collected for serologic testing at the first visit for each calf and during acute and convalescent periods for cases. Transtracheal wash samples also were obtained during the acute period from cases and controls.

Results
Incidence and case-fatality risk for clinician-diagnosed pneumonia were 25.6 and 2.2%, respectively. Mycoplasma sp and Pasteurella multocida together were isolated from 29% of cases and 11% of controls, and Mycoplasma sp alone from 7% of cases and 30% of controls (both P ≤ 0.05). From postcolostral to acute-phase serum samples, Mycoplasma dispar titers increased 1.3-fold among cases, compared with 0.7-fold among controls; from acute- to convalescent-phase samples, Μ dispar titers increased 2.4-fold among cases, compared with 5.6-fold among controls (both P ≤ 0.005).

Clinical Implications
Results of this study suggested a synergistic effect between Mycoplasma sp and P multocida and a possible initiative role of Μ dispar in the development of respiratory tract disease. Postcolostral total IgG values and antibody titers were not significantly different between cases and controls, implying that other factors have an important role in the development of respiratory tract disease. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1996;208:2035-2042)
Risk factors associated with development of diarrhea in horses after celiotomy for colic: 190 cases (1990-1994)
Authors: Cohen Noah D. , Honnas Clifford M. 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To determine the incidence of and risk factors for developing diarrhea in horses after celiotomy for colic.

Design
Retrospective cohort study.

Animals
357 adult horses that had celiotomy for colic at the teaching hospital between Jan 1, 1990 and Sep 1, 1994.

Procedure
Medical records of horses that had celiotomy for colic were reviewed to abstract information regarding development of diarrhea, signalment, history, and treatment.

Results
In horses that had celiotomy for colic, the incidence of diarrhea was 53.2% (190/357). Using multiple logistic regression, horses with a disorder of the large intestine were approximately twice as likely to develop diarrhea after celiotomy as horses that had surgery for other types of intestinal lesions (P < 0.001). Even after accounting for the effects of large intestinal surgery, horses that also had an enterotomy were approximately 1,5 times as likely to develop diarrhea (P = 0.042). Diarrhea in horses associated with duration > 2 days, isolation of Salmonella spp from feces, or leukopenia was categorized as being severe. Incidence of severe diarrhea was 27.5% (98/357). Using multiple logistic regression, horses that had surgery of the large intestine were approximately 2.5 times as likely to develop severe diarrhea after celiotomy as horses that had surgery for other types of intestinal lesions (P = 0.006). In horses that had celiotomy for colic, those that were fed grass hay were approximately half as likely to develop severe diarrhea as were horses that were not fed grass hay (P = 0.018).

Clinical Implications
Although the risk factors identified for the development of diarrhea are not alterable, knowledge of them will enable clinicians to better advise clients and to better prepare for medical management of horses after surgery. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1996;209:810–813)
Validation of an immunoassay for canine thyroid-stimulating hormone and changes in serum concentration following induction of hypothyroidism in dogs
Authors: Williams David A. , Scott-Moncrieff J. Catharine , Bruner Joseph , Sustarsic Dennis , Panosian-Sahakian Niver , Unver Ercan , El Shami A. Said 
Published: December 2023

Objective—
To validate a new immunoradiometric assay for canine thyroid-stimulating hormone (cTSH) and to document changes in serum cTSH concentration during induction of hypothyroidism in dogs.

Animals—
Six healthy adult male Beagles.

Procedure—
Sensitivity, specificity, precision, and accuracy of the cTSH assay were evaluated in vitro. Hypothyroidism was induced in dogs by IV administration of sodium iodide I 131 solution. Subsequently, l-thyroxine was administered orally to normalize serum thyroxine concentrations.

Results—
The cTSH assay appeared to be specific and was sufficiently sensitive to detect cTSH in the serum of these dogs prior to induction of hypothyroidism. There was a 35-fold increase in mean serum cTSH concentration following induction of hypothyroidism, and 35 days after initiation of thyroid replacement therapy, mean serum cTSH concentration was not significantly greater than mean baseline value.

Clinical Implications—
Assay of serum cTSH is likely to prove helpful in the differential diagnosis of primary, secondary, and tertiary hypothyroidism in dogs, and in monitoring response to thyroid hormone replacement treatment. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1996;209:1730–1732)
Oxytetracycline residues in milk after intrauterine treatment of cows with retained fetal membranes
Authors: Dinsmore R. Page , Stevens Reyneld D. , Cattell Marguerita B. , Salman Mowafak D. , Sundlof Stephen F. 
Published: December 2023

Objective—
To establish the maximum concentration and duration of oxytetracycline residues in milk from cows with retained fetal membranes given the antimicrobial via intrauterine infusion, and to investigate whether the number of infusions or the presence of fever (> 39.7 C) affected the duration of residues.

Design—
Prospective study.

Animals—
54 Holstein cows with retained fetal membranes on a single 1,400-cow commercial dairy.

Procedure—
Cows were treated once a day with 5 g of oxytetracycline (50 ml of 100 mg/ml solution in a povidone base) by intrauterine infusion for at least 2 days, or until the membranes were expelled. Cows that became febrile (rectal temperature > 39.7 C) were also given 20,000 IU of procaine penicillin G/kg of body weight, IM, for 2 to 4 days. Milk samples were collected at 24-hour intervals during treatment, and at 12-hour intervals after the last treatment. All samples were frozen and submitted every 2 weeks for high performance liquid chromatography analysis for oxytetracycline.

Results—
Oxytetracycline was detected in milk of all cows during treatment, at a maximum concentration ranging from 47.2 to 1,804.6 μg/kg (mean, 316.9 μg/kg). Duration of oxytetracycline residues after the last infusion ranged from 0 to 144 hours (mean, 52.3 hours). Neither the number of infusions received, nor development of rectal temperature > 39.7 C, affected the maximum concentration or the duration of oxytetracycline residues in milk.

Clinical Implications—
Milk obtained from cows that had been treated for retained fetal membranes by intrauterine infusion of oxytetracycline should be discarded to avoid illegal residues. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1996;209:1753–1755)
Use of an amphotericin B lipid complex for treatment of blastomycosis in dogs
Authors: Krawiec Donald R. , McKiernan Brendan C. , Twardock A. Robert , Swenson Christine E. , Itkin Randall J. , Johnson Lynelle R. , Kurowsky Lisa K. , Marks Carol A. 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To evaluate efficacy and nephrotoxicity of amphotericin B lipid complex used for treatment of dogs with naturally developing blastomycosis.

Design
Prospective clinical trial.

Animals
11 dogs with blastomycosis.

Procedure
All dogs were treated with an amphotericin B lipid complex. Two dogs received a cumulative dose of 8 mg/kg of body weight, 1 received a cumulative dose of 10 mg/kg, and 8 received a cumulative dose of 12 mg/kg.

Results
The 2 dogs that received a cumulative dose of 8 mg/kg and 1 of the dogs that received a cumulative dose of 12 mg/kg had a relapse of blastomycosis within 30 days after treatment. Seven of the remaining 8 dogs were clinically free of blastomycosis 6 months after treatment. One dog died of an unrelated cause 5.5 months after treatment, but did not have clinical signs of blastomycosis at the time of death. There were not any adverse clinical effects attributable to drug administration in any of the dogs in this study, and none of the dogs developed clinical signs of renal disease or failure.

Clinical Implications
Amphotericin B lipid complex was a safe and effective treatment for blastomycosis in these dogs. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1996;209:2073–2075)
Comparison of blood pressure measurements obtained in dogs by use of indirect oscillometry in a veterinary clinic versus at home
Authors: Kallet Andrew J. , Cowgill Larry D. , Kass Philip H. 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To compare blood pressure and heart rate measurements performed in a veterinary clinic to similar measurements performed in a dog's home.

Design
Prospective study.

Animals
14 client-owned, clinically normal dogs.

Procedure
Sequential blood pressure and heart rate measurements were recorded from the metatarsus and metacarpus of conscious dogs by indirect oscillometry. Measurements were performed in the dogs' homes and were repeated in a veterinary clinic. Blood pressures and heart rate were derived from 7 serial estimates over 8 to 10 minutes. Statistical differences between the home and clinic and between recording sites were calculated.

Results
Systolic, diastolic, and mean blood pressure and heart rate measurements obtained from the metatarsus and metacarpus in the dogs' homes were significantly lower than measurements from the metatarsus in the clinic, but were similar to measurements from the metacarpus in the clinic. Significant differences were not found between blood pressure measurements from the metatarsus and metacarpus in the dogs' homes, but systolic and mean blood pressure and heart rate measurements from the metacarpus in the clinic were significantly lower than measurements from the metatarsus. Whereas all dogs had normal blood pressure in their homes, 5 of 14 dogs had transient hypertension (systolic pressure > 165 mm of Hg or diastolic pressure > 95 mm of Hg) in the clinic.

Clinical Implications
Blood pressure and heart rate measurements obtained in the clinic initially overestimate comparable measurements in a dog's home. The differences are best explained by transient autonomic responses to the stress of the clinic. Blood pressure must be measured by use of standardized techniques on dogs acclimated to the clinic environment.
Analysis of prognostic factors and patterns of failure in dogs with malignant oral tumors treated with megavoltage irradiation
Authors: Théon Alain P. , Rodriguez Carlos , Madewell Bruce R. 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To determine quality and duration of progression-free survival (PFS) time in dogs with malignant oral tumors after definitive megavoltage irradiation, to analyze prognostic factors for PFS time and patterns of failure, and to analyze the influence of tumor recurrence and development of metastasis on survival.

Design
Prospective clinical trial.

Animals
105 dogs with squamous cell carcinoma, fibrosarcoma, or malignant melanoma of the oral cavity without evidence of metastasis.

Procedure
Dogs were treated with 48 Gy over 4 weeks on an alternate-day schedule of 4 Gy/fraction. Multivariate analysis was done by use of Cox's regression model to determine significant prognostic factors and by use of a competing risk model to determine the differential effects of prognostic factors on type of, and time to, failure. In 8% of the dogs, severe acute radiation reactions in the final week of treatment resulted in treatment discontinuation. In 7.6% of the dogs, chronic radiation reactions, including bone necrosis and fistula formation, developed.

Results
Prognostic factors that independently affected PFS time were histologic type and tumor T stage. Histologic type significantly influenced pattern of failure, but not time to failure, whereas clinical stage significantly influenced time to failure, but not type of failure.

Clinical Implications
Irradiation was a safe and effective treatment of malignant oral tumors. Because the local efficacy of radiation was influenced only by tumor size, early treatment of oral tumors should improve the prognosis. In dogs without tumor recurrence, systemic metastases, rather than regional metastases, limited long-term survival after radiation therapy. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1997;210:778–784
Complications associated with use of jejunostomy tubes in dogs and cats: 40 cases (1989-1994)
Authors: Swann Heather M. , Sweet David C. , Michel Kathryn 
Published: December 2023

Objective—
To evaluate complications and outcomes of surgeries in which jejunostomy tUbes were used in critically ill dogs and cats.

Design—
Retrospective review of medical records.

Animals—
32 dogs and 8 cats.

Procedure—
In each animal, a 5-F or 8-F red rubber urethral/feeding catheter was surgically placed in the proximal portion of the jejunum.

Results—
The most common indication for jejunostomy tube placement in dogs was a gastrointestinal condition (20 dogs; 62.5%). Neoplasms were detected in 11 of the 20 dogs. Pancreatic disease was the most common indication for tube placement in cats (7 cats; 87.5%). Thirty-three animals (27 dogs, 6 cats; 82.5%) did not have complications. Five dogs and 2 cats had 10 tube-related complications, including focal cellulitis (3 dogs), tube dislodgement (2 dogs, 1 cat), and tube occlusion (1 dog, 1 cat). Twenty-four animals (20 dogs, 4 cats; 60%) were discharged from the hospital. Fifteen dogs and 4 cats were alive 2 weeks after discharge, and 5 dogs and 2 cats survived for at least 4 weeks after discharge. Deaths were related to disease and were not associated with jejunostomy tubes.

Clinical Implications—
The complication rate associated with jejunostomy tubes appears to be low. Complications usually are nonfatal. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1997;210:1764–1767)
Acute hemorrhagic pulmonary infarction and necrotizing pneumonia in horses: 21 cases (1967-1993)
Authors: Carr Elizabeth A. , Carlson Gary P. , Wilson W. David , Read Deryk H. 
Published: December 2023

Objective—
To characterize history, clinical signs, and pathologic findings in horses with histologically confirmed acute hemorrhagic pulmonary infarction and necrotizing pneumonia.

Design—
Retrospective study.

Animals—
21 horses.

Results—
19 of the 21 horses were Thoroughbred racehorses in training. Eighteen horses had had strenuous exercise immediately prior to onset of illness. Fifteen horses had a serosanguineous nasal discharge during hospitalization. Seventeen horses had radiographic evidence of pulmonary consolidation and pleural effusion. Nine of 14 horses had ultrasonographic evidence of large pulmonary parenchymal defects consistent with consolidation. Pleurocentesis yielded a suppurative, serosanguineous effusion in the 14 horses in which it was performed. Bacteria were isolated from all transtracheal aspirates (14) and from 6 of 12 pleural fluid samples. Actinobacillus suis-like organisms and Streptococcus equi subsp zooepidemicus were most commonly isolated. Nineteen horses were hospitalized and treated, Mean duration of treatment was 5 days, and most horses were euthanatized because of secondary complications, continued costs of medical treatment, or poor prognosis for future performance. Pathologic lesions included well-demarcated regions of hemorrhagic pulmonary infarction with necrosis and a serosanguineous pleural effusion. Thrombosis of pulmonary vessels was found in 11 horses.

Clinical Implications—
An acute or peracute onset of severe respiratory distress, with serosanguineous nasal discharge, ultrasonographic and radiographic evidence of severe pulmonary consolidation, and serosanguineous suppurative pleural effusion, is strongly suggestive of pulmonary infarction in horses. Horses with pulmonary infarction responded poorly to conventional treatment for pleuropneumonia and had a poor prognosis for recovery. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1997;210:1774–1778)
Neodymium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser treatment of cystic granula iridica in horses: Eight cases (1988–1996)
Authors: Gilger Brian C. , Davidson Michael G. , Nadelstein Brad , Nasisse Mark 
Published: December 2023

Objective—
To determine clinical features of cystic granula indica in horses and outcome of horses treated with an ophthalmic neodymlum:yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Nd:YAG) laser.

Design—
Retrospective study.

Animals—
8 horses.

Procedure—
An ophthalmic Nd:YAG laser was used to deflate cysts in all horses.

Results—
Horses were examined because of visual impairment (n = 5), decreased jumping performance (2), or head shaking (1). Clinical signs associated with cysts resolved in all horses after treatment. Short-and long-term complications did not develop, and cysts did not recur.

Clinical Implications—
Cystic granula indica may cause vision impairment in horses. Treatment with an ophthalmic Nd:YAG laser appears to be safe and effective, (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1997;211:341–343)
An abattoir monitoring system for diagnosis of tuberculosis in cattle in Baja California, Mexico
Authors: de Anda Jorge Hernández , Evangelista Tomás Rentería , Valencia Gilberto López , Hodgers Miguel Montaño 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To implement a disease monitoring system in federal, municipal, and private abattoirs in Baja California, Mexico and to estimate annual prevalence of tuberculosis (TB) in beef and dairy cattle slaughtered and inspected in 1995 and 1996.

Design
Epidemiologic survey.

Animals
About 200,000 cattle (95% beef, 5% dairy).

Procedures
Lymph node and tissue specimens with lesions suggestive of TB were fixed in neutral-buffered 10% formalin and embedded in paraffin. Sections were stained with H&E and Ziehl-Neelsen and examined for typical tuberculous lesions and acid-fast bacilli. Annual prevalence and 95% confidence intervals were estimated.

Results
Prevalence of TB in all slaughtered cattle was 0.12 and 0.46% in 1995 and 1996, respectively (beef cattle, 0.02 and 0.05%, respectively; dairy cattle, 2.0 and 8.3%, respectively). Tuberculosis cases/1,000 slaughtered cattle were linearly associated with monthly volumes of tissue submissions.

Clinical Implications
It is critical to quantify the monitoring activity at abattoirs to better estimate the prevalence of TB in slaughtered cattle. Annual prevalence of TB was significantly greater in dairy cattle than in beef cattle. Veterinarians and cattle producers in this region are encouraged to develop and work on herd plans aimed at controlling and eradicating TB. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1997;211:709–711)