bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Psychosomatic disorders in children: An emerging challenge to health care in Japan
Authors: Takahashi Takao , Watanabe Hisako , Matsuo Nobutake 
Published: March 2003

Abstract
Background
: Japan has been witnessing a considerable rise in the number of children presenting with psychosomatic disorders. Thus, there is a mounting demand for pediatricians to be trained in the caring of children with psychosomatic disorders.
Method
: A questionnaire based‐survey was conducted to investigate the average number of working hours for the first year (Postgraduate Year 1 (PGY1)) pediatric residents at Keio University Hospital. The same survey was conducted retrospectively with doctors with at least 10 years of experience in child health care. Another survey was conducted at our 27 affiliated hospitals with respect to the number of outpatients and patients presenting with psychosomatic disorders.
Results
: The survey showed that, in the ward for preschool and school‐age children, PGY1 residents spent on average 78.9 h per week. Time required for care of psychosomatic disorders was more than 30% of the total amount of time allotted for information acquisition, interviews and consultations, as well as conferences and discussions. There was virtually no time spent on the care for psychosomatic disorders in our pediatric residency program 10 years ago. It is an implication of the survey that the apparent number of patients with psychosomatic problems is not dependent on the size or location of the hospital.
Conclusion
: General pediatricians will be spending more time than ever before in the caring of children with psychosomatic disorders. Moreover, pediatricians trained for child health care for psychosomatic disorders are short of supply or non‐existent, even in the major affiliated hospitals.
Unique Doppler velocimetry findings in heart failure of a fetus with giant cardiac rhabdomyoma
Authors: Ogawa Masaki , Sato Naoki , Tsuda Akira , Tanaka Toshinobu 
Published: March 2003

AbstractHerein, we report a case showing unique Doppler velocimetry findings, just before intrauterine death, in the heart failure of a fetus with cardiac rhabdomyoma located in the interventricular septum. Specific blood flow of only the inferior vena cava was observed when acute fetal heart failure occurred.
Value of humerus length shortening for prenatal detection of Down syndrome in a Thai population
Authors: Tannirandorn Yuen , Manotaya Saknan , Uerpairojkit Boonchai , Tanawattanacharoen Somchai , Wacharaprechanont Teera , Charoenvidhya Dhiraphongs 
Published: March 2003

AbstractObjective:To assess the value of humerus length shortening for prenatal detection of Down syndrome in a Thai population.Methods:A prospective study was performed on 3053 women undergoing second‐trimester amniocentesis, between 16 and 24 weeks gestation, for the indications of advanced maternal age and a past history of chromosomal abnormality. Biparietal diameter (BPD) and humerus length measurements were obtained before the procedures. Regression equations relating BPD to humerus length were used to calculate observed humerus length/expected humerus length ratio in chromosomally normal and Down syndrome fetuses. Sensitivity, specificity, false‐positive rate and likelihood ratio of a positive test result at various observed humerus length/expected humerus length ratios for detection of Down syndrome were calculated. A receiver–operator characteristic curve was used to determine the threshold screening ratio.Results:There were 3003 chromosomally normal pregnancies and 24 fetuses with Down syndrome. The relationship between humerus length and BPD was: expected humerus length = 0.7403BPD – 5.1057, R2 = 0.77, P < 0.001. Humerus length in Down syndrome fetuses was significantly
shorter than in normal fetuses (P < 0.001). A ratio of 0.91 for observed humerus length/expected humerus length yielded a sensitivity of 41.7%, specificity of 88.3%, a false‐positive rate of 11.7% and likelihood ratio of a positive test result of 3.63 (95% confidence interval 2.24–5.88) for detection of Down syndrome.ConclusionsHumerus length shortening in the second trimester appears to be a useful adjunctive screening parameter for fetal Down syndrome in a Thai population.
Usefulness of percutaneous intracardiac administration of colored microspheres in measuring blood flow distribution to the brain in 7‐day‐old rats
Authors: Xia Yi Xin , Sameshima Hiroshi , Ota Arturo , Xia Xiao Yan , Ikeda Tomoaki , Ikenoue Tsuyomu 
Published: March 2003

Abstract
Objective:
By using colored microsphere (CMS) technique in newborn rats, we explored the relationship between injection sites and blood flow distribution patterns in open‐chest and in closed‐chest models, with hopes that percutaneous left ventricle injection can be applicable to measure relative blood flow distribution to the brain.
Methods:
Seven‐day‐old Wistar rats were used. In open‐chest models (n = 30), we exposed the heart and injected CMS (15 mm diameter, 125 000 spheres in 0.05 mL) to left and right ventricles, respectively. In closed‐chest models (n = 12), we percutaneously punctured the left ventricle to administer microspheres to see the difference in blood flow distribution between the right and left side of organs. Microsphere counts were compared between the left and right side of each organ by unpaired t‐test (mean ± SD).
Results:
Open‐chest showed that right ventricle injection resulted in exclusive entrapment in the lungs, while left ventricle injection resulted in systemic distribution. According to this, one of 12 injections in the closed‐chest was judged as right ventricle injection. The other 11 showed insignificant differences between the right and left side in the cortex, lung, and kidney.
Conclusion:
Right ventricle injection is differentiated from left ventricle injection and microsphere counts are the same between right and left side of the organs, suggesting that percutaneous microsphere injection is applicable for relative blood flow distribution in 7‐day‐old rat models.
Management of vaginal birth after cesarean
Authors: Mizunoya Fujio , Nakata Megumi , Kondo Tokumasa , Yamashita Sadao , Inoue AndShigeo 
Published: March 2003

Abstract
Objective:
To raise the success rate of vaginal birth after cesarean (VBAC) without increasing maternal or perinatal morbidity and mortality rates.
Methods:
Of 468 women with a prior scar, 365 gave valid informed consent for our management of VBAC at Akashi Municipal Hospital during 1986–1999. Trials of labor (TOL) were attempted in 322 cases principally by waiting for spontaneous labor onset and teaching the patients a breathing method to avoid straining until expulsion by vacuum extraction become possible, controlling the intrauterine pressure. Our selection criteria for TOL changed during the trial; from 1991–1999 patients with a prior scar extending into fundus were excluded.
Results:
Of the 322 TOL, 88.2% were successful, and VBAC was successful in 77.8% (284 of the 365 patients). Uterine rupture was observed in 2 cases (0.62%). Fetal death occurred in 1 case. Three women gave birth to neonates with a 1‐minute Apgar score ≤6.
Conclusion:
The rate of VBAC was 77.8% in all women with a prior scar. During our management of VBAC, maternal or perinatal morbidity and mortality rates did not increase significantly.
Thromboprophylaxis with low molecular weight heparin in thrombophilia‐complicated pregnancy
Authors: Ebina Yasuhiko , Yamada Hideto , Kato Emi H. , Yamamoto Ritsu , Sakuragi Noriaki , Fujimoto Seiichiro 
Published: March 2003

AbstractWe treated three thrombophilia‐complicated pregnant women (two antiphospholipid antibody syndrome, one protein C deficiency) with low molecular weight heparin (dalteparin). All three pregnancies including one twin pregnancy ended in live births without a decrease in bone mineral density. This treatment modality was effective and safe preventing thrombosis during their pregnancies.
Situation analysis of atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance smears in Songklanagarind Hospital
Authors: Chichareon Saibua B. , Tocharoenvanich Sathana T. 
Published: March 2003

Abstract
Objective:
To review the incidence, management, follow‐up rate and colposcopic diagnosis of atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS) detected on cervical smears in Songklanagarind Hospital, Thailand.
Methods:
A retrospective study of ASCUS smears taken during January 2000 to March 2001 at Songklanagarind Hospital was performe. The type of management was classified and the follow‐up rate was detected. Cases with colposcopy, tissue biopsy, endocervical curettage, conization and hysterectomy specimen were reviewed. In the cases without tissue biopsy, the final diagnoses were based on the colposcopic examination.
Results:
Among the 25 068 Pap smears examined, the incidence of ASCUS was 0.62%. Of these, only 56.13% received the further evaluation. The non‐compliance rate was 18.71%. The incidences of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and invasive cancer among the cases who received colposcopy were 15.96% and 2.13%, respectively. The incidence of CIN or invasive cancer in ASCUS favor reactive and ASCUS favor neoplasia were not different statistically significant.
Conclusions:
Management of ASCUS smears by follow‐up may be inappropriate. A practice guideline which consists of active management, intensive follow‐up system and well‐organized data management should be used to improve the situation.
Evaluation of a Combination Study of a Noninvasive Scoring System and Transrectal Ultrasonography to Detect Deeply Infiltrating Endometriosis
Authors: Tajima Tomotaka , Ohba Takashi , Tanaka Nobuyuki , Matsuura Kohei , Okamura Hitoshi 
Published: March 2003

Objective:
Noninvasive evaluation must be required for deeply infiltrating endometriosis, typically accompanied by pelvic pain, dyspareunia, and bowel retraction. To explore noninvasive diagnostic methods for deeply infiltrating endometriosis, we employed a combination study of a diagnostic scoring system and transrectal ultrasonography.
Methods:
A prospective diagnostic study was designed for deeply infiltrating endometriosis by noninvasive diagnostic scoring and transrectal ultrasonography (n = 40).
Results:
Sixteen out of twenty‐four women with positive points in the diagnostic scoring had deeply infiltrating endometriosis on uterosacral ligaments. Uterosacral ligaments were thickened in 83.3% of patients with deeply infiltrating endometriosis on uterosacral ligaments. The patients who had both thickened uterosacral ligaments and a positive diagnostic score were limited to patients with deeply infiltrating endometriosis on uterosacral ligaments.
Conclusion:
Our findings showed that thick uterosacral ligaments associated with a positive diagnostic score strongly designated that the women were affected by deeply infiltrating endometriosis. It is concluded that this combination study has clinical diagnostic value for deeply infiltrating endometriosis at the outpatient department. ACTA OBST GYNAEC JPN Vol. 54, No. 7, pp. 919–924, 2002
Immunohistochemical Study of Steroid Sulfatase in Minimal Deviation Adenocarcinoma of the Uterine Cervix
Authors: Ohtsuka Yukiko , Toma Yoshiro , Saito Hiroshi , Yanaihara Atsushi , Yokoyama Kazuhiko , Ichizuka Kiyotake , Suzuki Akira , OKAI Takashi , Kushima Miki 
Published: March 2003

Objective: Minimal deviation adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix (adenoma malignum : MDA) is a unique neoplasm whose prognosis is poor in spite of the deceptively benign appearance of the tumor cells. The pathogenesis of MDA is unknown. To gain a better understanding of its pathogenesis, the present study was undertaken to explore the immunohistochemical expression of steroid sulfatase (STS), steroid receptors and gastric mucin in MDA and the expression was compared with that in non‐neoplastic cervical glands (NC) and pyloric glands(PG).Methods: Histopathological specimens of MDA (typical lesion n = 3, less well‐differentiated lesion n = 1) obtained at gynecological operation were subjected and the immunohistochemical staining for STS, estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and gastric mucin was performed. NC tissue (n = 5) and PG (n = 2) were also subjected.Results: The expression of STS was found in all cases of MDA with a typical lesions, but not in a less well‐differentiated cases. All cases of MDA expressed strong staining for gastric mucin. On the other hand, they did not show ER or PR staining. NC expressed positive staining for STS, ER and PR, but not for gastric mucin. PG strongly expressed gastric mucin, but ER, PR and STS did not.Conclusions: The immunohistochemical expression of STS in typical lesions indicates that MDA partially retained the characteristics of the cervical gland with regulational function of steroid hormones. This suggests that MDA might be malignancy transformed not from ectopic gastric mucosa, but from the endocervical gland by way of gastric metaplasia.
Mutational analysis of Turnip crinkle virus movement protein p8
Authors: Akgoz Muslum , Nguyen Que N. , Talmadge Ann E. , Drainville Katherine E. , Wobbe Kristin K. 
Published: March 2003

Summary Turnip crinkle virus encodes two proteins, p8 and p9, that are both required for cell‐to‐cell movement. The p8 movement protein has been demonstrated to bind RNA in a cooperative manner, although, similar to many other plant virus movement proteins, it contains no canonical RNA binding domain(s). However, three positively charged regions of p8 may potentially form ionic interactions with the RNA backbone. To identify functional regions of p8, a series of alanine and deletion scanning mutations were produced. The effects of these mutations were analysed using both in vitro RNA binding assays and in vivo infections of susceptible (Di‐3) and resistant (Di‐17) Arabidopsis thaliana plants. Several mutants that have reduced RNA binding ability were also demonstrated to be movement deficient and replication competent. Based on these results, there appear to be two regions, located between amino acids 18 and 31, and 50 and 72, that are required for RNA binding. Furthermore, additional regions (amino acids 12–15, and 34–37) appear to play a role in vivo unrelated to in vitro RNA binding activity.
Determination of relative proportions of Globodera species in mixed populations of potato cyst nematodes using PCR product melting peak analysis
Authors: Bates Jayne A. , Taylor Emily J. A. , Gans Paul T. , Thomas Jane E. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryUsing a novel approach based on melting peak analysis of PCR products, we have developed a semi‐quantitative assay to measure the relative proportions of Globodera pallida and Globodera rostochiensis in a sample of potato cyst nematodes (PCN). The method depends on a competitive multiplex PCR where the products of each species can be separated by their distinct melting temperatures (Tm). The melting curves of the products are measured by continual fluorescence monitoring in the presence of the intercalating dye SYBR Green I whilst gradually increasing the temperature. Varying the proportion of cysts of each PCN species gave rise to melting curves with different peak heights, which reflected the relative amounts of each DNA in the sample. By calculating the ratio of the melting peak heights at the Tm of each product and comparing it with standards run under the same conditions, it was possible to estimate the proportion of each product in the mixture. Sensitivity was such that 2% of G. pallida cysts in a mixture could be detected. All results predicted by the analysis were confirmed by agarose gel electrophoresis of the PCR products. The method is rapid, reproducible and following DNA extraction, up to 25 samples can be analysed in an hour.
Time for a blast: genomics of Magnaporthe grisea
Authors: Xu Jin‐Rong , Xue Chaoyang 
Published: March 2003

SummaryThe rice blast fungus Magnaporthe grisea causes one of the most destructive diseases of rice. Genetic studies of this important pathogen during the past decade have made it an excellent system for investigating fungal–plant interactions. Recently, the well coordinated efforts by the rice blast community have also made significant progresses in genomics studies of M. grisea. BAC contigs were assembled and integrated with the high density genetic map, and 12 674 BAC‐ends were sequenced as genome survey sequences. Over ten BAC clones have been sequenced by the shot‐gun approach. Preliminary analysis with one completely sequenced BAC clone indicated that M. grisea may have a gene density of 4.2 kb/gene and contain ≈ 9000 genes. In addition, > 10 000 ESTs have been sequenced from several cDNA libraries representing different stages of fungal growth, differentiation and plant infection. Currently, there are ongoing projects to sequence additional ESTs, telomeres, and 6X coverage of the M. grisea genome. A large‐scale functional genomics project on M. grisea and its interaction with rice is also underway. It is an exciting time for genomics studies in M. grisea, and the resources generated in these studies will certainly enhance our understanding of fungal pathogenicity.
Primary structure and tissue‐specific expression of the pathogenesis‐related protein PR‐1b in potato†
Authors: Hoegen Erika , Strömberg Anita , Pihlgren Ulla , Kombrink Erich 
Published: March 2003

SummaryThe infection of potato (Solanum tuberosum) leaves with the late blight pathogen Phytophthora infestans, or treatment with fungal elicitor, leads to the massive accumulation of pathogenesis‐related (PR) proteins in the extracellular leaf space. The most abundant of these proteins was purified to apparent homogeneity and identified as a new, basic member of the PR‐1 family of defence proteins, designated PR‐1b. Antibodies raised against the protein and a cDNA isolated by differential screening were used to study the temporal and spatial patterns of PR‐1b protein and mRNA distribution in healthy and infected potato tissues. PR‐1b was present in old leaves and at low levels also in the carpels of flowers. In leaves, strong accumulation of PR‐1b mRNA and protein occurred in response to infection by the oomycete pathogen Phytophthora infestans or the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. maculicola. PR‐1b mRNA and protein accumulation was clearly initiated at the infection site, but a delayed and sustained accumulation was also observed in neighbouring, uninfected leaves of potato plants. Tissue‐ and cell type‐specific expression of PR‐1b was analysed by immunohistochemical and in situ RNA hybridization techniques. Appreciable amounts of PR‐1b protein and mRNA were localized in epidermal cells, guard cells of the stomata, glandular trichomes, crystal idioblasts, and cells of the vascular system of infected leaves. However, no significant differences in the amounts and distribution patterns of PR‐1b could be observed between compatible and incompatible interactions of potato and Phytophthora infestans, indicating that PR‐1b expression is not involved in determining cultivar/race‐specific resistance in potato.
A species‐specific satellite DNA family in the genome of the coffee root‐knot nematode Meloidogyne exigua: application to molecular diagnostics of the parasite
Authors: Randig Onivaldo , Bongiovanni Michel , Carneiro Regina M. D. G. , Sarah Jean‐Louis , Castagnone‐Sereno Philippe 
Published: March 2003

SUMMARYA new BglII satellite DNA has been isolated, cloned and sequenced from the coffee root‐knot nematode, Meloidogyne exigua (Nematoda: Tylenchida). It is represented as tandemly repeated sequences with a monomeric unit of 277 bp. The monomers are present at approximately 17 900 copies per haploid genome, and represent about 9.7% of the total genomic DNA. Twenty randomly chosen monomers have been sequenced. The deduced unambiguous consensus sequence is 277 bp long, and displays an A + T content of 54.2%. The monomers are very homogenous in sequence, showing on average 2.4% divergence from their consensus. Therefore, it is hypothesized that this repeated family may have recently appeared in the genome of the nematode, through some extensive amplification burst. Using a cloned monomer as a probe, dot‐blot experiments demonstrated the species‐specific distribution of the BglII satellite DNA. Moreover, squash‐blot assays allowed us to detect single M. exigua individuals, at any developmental stage, and even within root tissues, without the need for preliminary DNA purification. From these results, it is concluded that the procedure described, using the satellite DNA as a sensitive species‐specific probe, should constitute an improved and accurate diagnosis method for the detection and identification of the nematode, which would contribute to the implementation of targeted pest management strategies in all coffee growing countries of South and Central America.
Effects of starter culture and its exopolysaccharides on the gelation of glucono‐δ‐lactone‐acidified bovine and caprine milk
Authors: Vlahopoulou Ioanna , Bell Alan E , Wilbey R Andrew 
Published: March 2003

The effects of the starter culture biomass material and its exopolysaccharides (EPS) on the structure of bovine and caprine acid gels were investigated. Inactivated cell material and/or extracellular polysaccharide, which had been separated from yogurt starter cultures, were added to both types of milk. The milk systems were acidified using glucono‐δ‐lactone (GDL) and the gelation processes were monitored using dynamic (oscillatory) rheological testing. The addition of cell material had no effect on the bovine acid gel, whereas the addition of polysaccharide produced a weaker gel structure. The addition of cell material (> 5 × 108 cells/mL) and polysaccharide (0.35% w/v) weakened the caprine acid gel system. The treated gels were some three to eight times weaker than the untreated samples, suggesting that the starter culture metabolites and especially the EPS may act by interfering with the gel structures, particularly in the cases of milk systems such as caprine yogurt or low protein content bovine yogurt.
Sleeping giants: towards an understanding of the needs of deaf people
Authors: ANDERSON W. 
Published: March 2003

Joan* was pre‐lingually deaf, from three generations of deaf people. Today she is outgoing and successful in her job, and a ready communicator with everyone, deaf and hearing alike. Her communicating idioms, with both groups, are rich. She benefited from the twin forces in her childhood of family (all her family were highly attuned to the non‐verbal idioms of communication) and one grandmother (who was hearning, and who provided what came to be seen as teh key intervening role at that time in Joan's development of a second language, the idiom of spoken English).Her own intellectual drive was the final component in a combination of motivating influences which led her to respond to both the financial and social necessities to gain verbal codes, leading to an ability to read and to understand what she read. She remains totally deaf and she knows that her speaking voice is not understood by strangers.Frank* is a regular reader of newspapers, at least, that's what you would think if you saw him regularly. He does know certain words (or rather parts of words) and he constructs a story from his understanding of whatever catches his eye.At his job, which he does with skill, he is confident and earns the trust of colleagues and superiors. He is, however, illiterate. He knows that if he is seen to be ‘reading’ he will sustain the image he has created that he can read: he acts like a literate person.He is confident and competent in what he knows, which is enough for the regular and recurring nature of the tasks he is asked to perform in his job. He is knowledgeable and defensive about that knowledge but as a accepted at work, but any change or new demand, print‐based, would sweep away his precarious confidence and, probably along with that, his job.