bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Constructing Inverse Scattering Potentials for α-α System using Physics Informed Machine Learning
Authors: sastri O S K S , Sharma Arushi , Awasthi Ayushi 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
An accurate way to incorporate long-range Coulomb interaction alongside short-range nuclear interaction remains challenging for theoretical physicists till date. Machine learning algorithms for global optimization, with physics equations guiding the process, are able to obtain robust models from available experimental data. In this article, we utilize the phase equation, which requires only potential and scattering energies as inputs, to obtain scattering phase shifts for the alpha-alpha system to construct the inverse potentials for its S, D, and G states. By incorporating the phase equation within an iterative loop of optimization code, mean absolute percentage error(MAPE) is minimized to obtain the best model parameters for a chosen reference potential. The key to successfully incorporating Coulomb interaction is in designing a reference potential. Here, a combination of two smoothly joined Morse functions, one regular followed by an inverted one, is considered. While the former takes care of short-range nuclear and Coulomb interactions, the latter accounts for expected barrier height due to the long-range Coulomb part that dominates once nuclear interaction subsides. The constructed inverse potentials for S, D, and G states have resulted in MAPE of 0.9, 0.5, and 0.4 and resonances(experimental) at 0.1240(0.0918), 2.95(3.03), and 11.89(11.35) respectively.
Modeling and Control of a High-Quality Electro-hydraulic Actuator Driven by an Induction Motor under Intelligent Indirect Vector Control
Authors: Hassan Aws F. , Mohammed Jamal A.-K. , Hashim Walaa M. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Due to its excellent energy efficiency and broad speed range, the variable-speed electro-hydraulic drive is an appealing driving principle in many contemporary industrial applications. It is a primary control of linear motion by a variable speed electric motor driving a hydraulic actuator via a constant displacement pump. One of the most commonly used controllers for the speed control of induction motors is Proportional Integral (PI) type. However, the traditional PI controller has some disadvantages such as the high starting overshoot, sensitivity to controller gains, and sluggish response due to sudden disturbance. To overcome these defects, an intelligent controller based on PI Fuzzy logic set theory is introduced to the electro-hydraulic system. This paper presents a study on the speed control of an indirect vector controlled induction motor driving an electro-hydraulic actuator. Various techniques of speed control like voltage-frequency control, sinusoidal pulse width modulation PI control, indirect field control, and fuzzy logic PI control were applied in the electro-hydraulic system and simulated by Matlab/Simulink environment for performance analysis and comparison. The results prove that the indirect field-oriented control technique with PI fuzzy logic controller provides better speed control of the induction motor, especially with high dynamic disturbances. This, in turn, will improve the performance of the proposed electro-hydraulic system.
SAP HANA Database Restart At Blazingly Fast Speed: An Overview
Authors: Azmeera Rajesh , Khanna Rhea , nanuruyagamurthy Deepak 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The year-on-year increase in the usage of data requirements for IT enterprises has paved the way for significant improvements in database technology for storing and retrieving data stored on them at lightning-fast speeds. For instance, 6 TB DB without fast restart on AWS takes 5 min for restart and 2 hours for loading the database into memory while 6 TB DB with fast restart takes 5 min to restart and 15 min for loading the database into memory. As a thumb rule, the DB size is directly proportional to the restart time; higher the size of the database, longer is the restart time. With SAP HANA DB, the entire database must be fully loaded into the memory for starting and running the SAP applications, otherwise enterprises won’t be able to kick-start their operations. New-age enterprises are experiencing a lot of pain points associated with digital database restarts. The top pain points are high downtime and revenue losses. What is obvious is there is a rising challenge for enterprises in the way they deal with maintenance of the database and downtime during a database restart. SAP HANA DB has a time-tested and proven solution for this.
LarGAN: A Label Auto-Rescaling Generation Adversarial Network for Rare Surface Defects
Authors: Zhang Hanxin , Qin Guan , Xu Ke 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

The emergence of single-image generation (SIG) has opened up new possibilities for generative models, making it feasible to generate small datasets that were previously impractical. This paper presents LarGAN, a generative model designed specifically for generating images of rare defects, such as casting slabs, and explores its utility in the context of data augmentation and defect detection tasks. LarGAN model leverages a progressive training framework and an adaptive label auto-scaling method to produce defect images that closely resemble the input image, using only a single defect image as input. The results of the experiments demonstrate that LarGAN outperforms other single-image generative models in terms of both image quality and diversity. Moreover, the generated data can supplement the missing independent data distribution in the original dataset, rendering it particularly suitable for data augmentation and defect detection tasks, particularly when the availability of sample data is limited. Additionally, the experimental results indicate that the data generated by LarGAN can effectively augment the feature space of the original dataset, thereby improving the accuracy and generalization performance of the detection model. As such, this study provides a valuable generation method for detection models utilized in industrial contexts that require substantial amounts of data.
A scoping review of the landscape of ethics review processes during public health emergencies in sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Orievulu Kingsley , Hinga Alex , Nkosi Busi , Ngwenya Nothando , Seeley Janet , Gerald Anthony , Tindana Paulina , Molyneux Sassy , Kinyanjui Samson , Kamuya Dorcas 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic forced governments, multilateral public health organisations and (academic) research institutions to undertake research quickly to inform their responses to the pandemic. Most COVID-19-related studies required swift ethical approval, creating ethical and practical challenges for both regulatory authorities and researchers. In this paper, we look at the landscape of ethics review processes in Africa during the public health emergencies (PHEs).Methods: We searched four electronic databases (Web of Science, PUBMED, MEDLINE Complete, and CINAHL) to identify articles describing ethics review processes during public health emergencies and/or pandemics. We reviewed the retrieved articles, excluding articles that were not focused on Africa. We charted the data from the retrieved articles including the authors and year of publication, title, country and disease(s) reference, broad areas of (ethical) consideration, paper type, and approach.Results: Of an initial 4536 entries, we screened the titles and abstracts of 1491 articles, and identified 72 articles for full review. Nine articles were selected for inclusion. Of these nine articles, five referenced West African countries such as Liberia, Guinea and Sierra Leone and experiences linked to the Ebola virus disease. Two articles were centred on South Africa and Kenya, while the other two articles referenced Africa within more general discussions on experiences and pitfalls of ethics review during PHEs. We found that very few articles captured, or reported on, ethics review processes in Africa (including before the emergence of COVID-19). Guidelines on protocol review and approval processes for PHE were more frequently discussed after the 2014 Ebola outbreak, but these did not focus on Africa specifically.Conclusions: There is a gap in the literature about ethics review processes and preparedness within Africa during PHEs. This paper underscores the importance of these processes to inform practices that facilitate timely, context-relevant research that adequately recognises and reinforces human dignity within the quest to advance scientific knowledge about diseases.
Understanding and barriers to formation Professional Identity among current and recent graduates of nurses and midwifery in two universities in a low resource setting: A qualitative study
Authors: Mbalinda Scovia Nalugo , Najjuma Josephine Nambi , Mubuuke Aloysius Gonzaga , Kamoga Livingstone , Musoke David 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Introduction: Professional identity (PI) in nursing is a sense of oneself and one’s relationship with others that is influenced by characteristics, norms, and values of the nursing discipline, resulting in an individual thinking, acting, and feeling like a nurse. Therefore, transformative educational approaches that include professional judgement, reasoning, critical self-evaluation and a sense of accountability are required to foster professional identity. We explored the understanding and barriers to professional identity formation among recent graduates and nursing students in Uganda.
Methods: A qualitative research design was used to collect data from student Nurses and Midwives from Makerere University, Mbarara University and recent graduates attending their internship training at Mulago National and Mbarara Regional Referral hospitals. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the data.
Results: The participants who reported understanding of PI in nursing and midwifery mentioned that these are principles, characteristics and values, competencies, ethics and code of conduct, sense of belonging and professionalism that define the nursing profession and practice. Barriers to the formation of PI were provided under two themes education and health service delivery. Regarding education (nursing educators not working in clinical settings and inadequate clinical mentoring). Under health service delivery:(high workload, lack of interprofessional collaboration, many different professional groups, no clear scope of practice for the different professional careers, Low esteem among nurses and midwives, media and lack of policy implementation).
Conclusion and recommendation
Participants were knowledgeable about professional identity in nursing/midwifery. They faced several challenges and barriers in professional identity formation during their training and internship. We recommend a need to streamline the scope of practice and enhance clinical mentorship and engagement of Leadership in Nursing in developing PI among students.
Influential Factors Affecting the Adoption and Use of Health IT Tools in Hypertension Management: Motivational Drivers and Inhibitory Factors
Authors: Saeidnia Mohammdreza , Shokri Mehdi , Saeidnia Hamid Reza , Lotfata Aynaz , Ghiasi Nasrin , Ghaderi Abolhasan 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background:Health information technology (IT) significantly improves patient self-care and the health outcomes of those with conditions like hypertension.Methods:In 2022, we conducted a comprehensive literature review to identify factors impacting health IT adoption in hypertension management. We extensively searched databases like Scopus, Web of Science, IEEE, and PubMed for articles between 2013 and 2022.Results:Initially, we gathered 827 articles, rigorously screening them to select 50 for our study. These factors can be grouped into two categories: motivating drivers and inhibitory factors, each comprising eight elements. Motivating drivers include perceived usefulness, ease of use, incentives, autonomy, patient empowerment, education, peer influence, and organizational support. Inhibitory factors encompass limited technology access, inadequate training, cost, workflow disruption, technical challenges, knowledge gaps, resistance to change, and privacy concerns.Conclusions:Recognizing these factors is vital for optimizing health IT use in hypertension management, leading to increased acceptance, cost-effectiveness, reduced complications, and an improved quality of life for those managing hypertension.
The use of match-based exact movement activities to classify elite rugby league players into positional groups
Authors: Adeyemo Victor Elijah , Palczewska Anna , Jones Ben , Weaving Dan 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

The cluster analysis of elite rugby league players identified groups of distinct playing positions, that can be referred to as broad positional groups. However, the identified positional groups were based on traditional indicators (physical and technical-tactical) that provided no information about the exact match-based movement activities that led to such similarity grouping and the classification of elite rugby league players into these broad positional groups remains unexplored. Hence, this study finds the best model to classify elite rugby league players into positional groups, using data characterised by movement patterns to uncover the similar movement activities of distinct playing positions within a positional group. Key movement patterns for the positional group classification and differences between the groups were also investigated. A total of 18,173 unique movement patterns were derived from 422 players' GPS data across the 2019 and 2020 seasons, where only 36 were identified as key patterns. The highest classification accuracy of 77.58% using all unique patterns and 74.5% accuracy using the key patterns was achieved, outperforming studies that used traditional indicators. Further analyses, based on key patterns revealed differences between forwards and backs. These findings establish movement patterns as viable indicators to classify rugby league players into positional groups, enabling coaches and trainers to develop position-specific training programs that cater to the unique physical demands of each position, leading to better player development and team performance. Movement patterns are therefore recommended as an alternative approach to quantifying players' external loads and obtaining granular information.
Notification vs Consent: The Differential Effects of Parental Involvement Laws on Teen Abortion
Authors: Gardner Graham 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

US state legislation requiring parental involvement in the abortion decision of a minor has grown in prevalence since its origin in the 1970s. Today, 36 states impose a parental involvement requirement on their residents below the age of 18. These laws come in two primary categories: parental notification and parental consent. Though much research estimates the effects of these policies, limited evidence exists regarding any differential impact between parental notification and parental consent. This paper uses the synthetic control method to determine if the increased marginal cost of an abortion imposed by a parental consent statute affects the abortion rate and birth rate for minors relative to parental notification. Results indicate no evidence of a marginal effect of parental consent laws on the abortion/birth rate of minors overall, suggesting that the additional cost of a parental consent law may be small.
JEL classi cation: I11, I12, J13, J18
Physiological Methylmalonic Acid Contributes to Cell Growth via Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Colorectal Cancer Cell Spheroids
Authors: Tanaka Arowu R , Murakami Chiho , Yamamoto Hideya 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Methylmalonic acid (MMA) is a small molecule produced during the metabolism of branched-chain amino acids. Recently, it was reported that the blood concentration of MMA increased with age and that it also promoted lung cancer metastasis. However, little is known about how it affects cancers other than lung cancer. In this study, we examined the influences of MMA on colorectal cancer cell spheroids. We found that MMA promoted proliferation of colorectal cancer spheroids in a glutamine-dependent manner at physiological concentrations; MMA induced mitochondrial reactive oxygen species generation, which in turn affected the promotion of cell growth. Methylmalonic acid treatment also induced a metabolic shift to the glycolytic system. These results suggest that physiological concentrations of MMA may promote cancer cell proliferation by decreasing mitochondrial function and inducing a metabolic shift, and add new insights into the effect of aging on cancer.
Support Structure Topology Optimization Considering the Residual Distortion for Laser Powder Bed Fusion Metal Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Xu Shuzhi , Liu Jikai , Sun Yiding , Li Xinming , Ma Yongsheng 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

This paper proposes a support structure topology optimization method for laser powder bed fusion processed metal parts, which could effectively avoid part failures caused by over-distortions. Multiple additive manufacturing issues are considered and overcome with the proposed method, including the self-support issue, minimum length scale control, and support structure easy removal. Specifically, a finite element analysis model based on the inherent strain method is proposed to simulate the complex mechanical behavior in the additive manufacturing process. Then, according to the layer-by-layer inherent strain-based fast simulation model, the gravity compliance and residual distortion minimization topology optimization problem incorporating the self-support constraint, mass fraction constraint, minimum length scale control, and support easy-removal constraint is formulated. Accordingly, the critical sensitivity information is derived through the adjoin analysis. Finally, the proposed method is applied to several 2D and 3D benchmark examples to demonstrate the effectiveness on residual distortion control. The influences of different optimization strategies, weighting parameters, and minimum length scale limits are comparatively explored. A comprehensive discussion is presented at the end to summarize the numerical phenomena.
Targeting PARP1 actives cGAS-STING signaling pathway to promote tumor cells apoptosis and reshape tumor immune microenvironment in non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Feng Yanqi , Liu Xinyue , Xia Shu , Li Yiming , Li Piao , Xiao Xiangtian , Han Yuelin , Xia Shu 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the most common pathological subtype of non-small cell lung cancer. Although the application of immune checkpoint inhibitors has greatly improved the therapy of solid tumors, treatment of lots of patients with lung adenocarcinoma is still not satisfactory. For most diseases with low immunogenicity, it’s urgent to seek for new combination treatment strategies.
Platinum is a widely used DNA damage agent. PARP inhibitors are more effective for tumors with defects in DNA damage and repair. In the context of inhibition of PARP1, tumor cells are easier to form more immunogenic tumor antigen libraries and increase immunogenicity. Nonetheless, the efficacy of PARP inhibitors, combined with platinum and immune checkpoint inhibitors is still undefined. In this research, we have demonstrated that inhibiting PARP1 activated cGAS-STING pathway to up-regulate PD-L1 expression in lung adenocarcinoma cells by real-time quantitative PCR and immunoblotting. Then, we constructed a LLC tumor model to verify that PARP inhibitors, combined with platinum and immune checkpoint inhibitors could change the lymphocyte infiltration in tumor microenvironment, increase the proportion of CD8+T cells and activated DC cells, and enhance anti-tumor immunity.
To sum up, we confirmed that PARP inhibitors combined with platinum can enhance the immune checkpoint effect by activating cGAS-STING pathway, further increase the infiltration of CD8+ T and DC cells and reshape tumor immune microenvironment. Therefore, this research provides a novel strategy for the treatment of lung adenocarcinoma patients with poor prognosis.
The phenotypic characterization of Rivet wheat accessions (Triticum turgidum L. ssp. turgidum) for grain quality and other agronomic properties
Authors: Pshenichnikova Tatyana A. , Shchukina Ludmila V. , Börner Andreas 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Currently, there is an increased interest in obsolete accessions of cultivated species that do not meet modern agronomic requirements. A tetraploid Rivet wheat, which has a common genepool with durum wheat, is among them. Unlike the latter, Rivet wheat has so far been little involved in genetic and molecular studies. Technological properties of grain, which determine its end-use, are characterized especially weakly and fragmentarily. The purpose of this study was to evaluate a phenotypic diversity in six accessions of Rivet wheat from the collection of Gatersleben genebank (IPK, Germany) for these and other economically important traits. Milling parameters of grain, gluten content and quality, and physical properties of dough were studied. All characteristics, except flour particles diameter demonstrated a substantial variability. The difference for thousand grain weight was 12 g, for gluten content – 8%. The total grain vitreousness was in the range of 48–82%. Gluten, in general, had a low extensibility. One of the samples showed a high elasticity of dough and high flour strength according to alveograph. Two samples showed a darkening of gluten during washing, which indicates a high activity of polyphenol oxidases. The accessions also differed in yield components and in flowering date greater than 10 days. The variety in grain quality indicates the possibility of using Rivet wheat for a wider range of flour products compared to durum wheat. The obtained phenotypic data allow the purposeful use of Rivet wheat samples both in agricultural production and in scientific research.