bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extra‐target doses in children receiving multileaf collimator (MLC) based intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT)
Authors: Koshy Mary , Paulino Arnold C. , Marcus Robert B. , Ting Joseph Y. , Whitaker Daisy , Davis Lawrence W. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the extra‐target doses using intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT).Materials and MethodsThirteen children underwent multileaf collimator (MLC)‐based IMRT. Treatment site was head and neck or brain in eight (Group I), trunk in two (Group II), and abdomen/pelvis in three (Group III). Thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLD) were placed at the thyroid gland, breast, and testis. A control group of seven children received conventional RT and TLD measurements.ResultsFor the eight Group I children, the median dose equivalent measurements during the course of IMRT to the thyroid, breast, and testis were 348 mSv, 110 mSv, and 30 mSv, respectively. For the two Group II patients, the measurements to the thyroid ranged from 1,525 to 2,449 mSv while for the testis was 62 mSv. For the Group III patients, the median dose equivalent measurements to the thyroid, breast, and testis were 182 mSv, 406 mSv, and 159 mSv. The median dose equivalent measurements to the thyroid, breast, and testis for Group I children were 300 mSv, 120 mSv, and 75 mSv. The Group II conventional patient had a measurement of 180 mSv, 80 mSv, and 80 mSv to the thyroid, breast, and testis. For the Group III conventional cases, the median dose equivalent measurements were 192 mSv, 496 mSv, and 434 mSv.ConclusionsNo significant difference was seen in the thyroid and breast doses of children receiving MLC‐based IMRT compared to conventional RT for the treatment of head and neck/brain and abdominal/pelvic tumors. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Retinoic acid therapy in “degenerative‐like” neuro‐langerhans cell histiocytosis: A prospective pilot study
Authors: Idbaih Ahmed , Donadieu J. , Barthez M.A. , Geissmann F. , Bertrand Y. , Hermine O. , Brugières L. , Genereau T. , Thomas C. , Hoang‐Xuan K. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractBackgroundDegenerative‐like neuro‐Langerhans cell histiocytosis (DN‐LCH) is a rare complication of LCH marked by progressive cerebellar ataxia. No treatment has so far been shown to slow this progression.ProcedureAll‐trans retinoic acid (ATRA) was administered orally at a dose of 45 mg/m2 daily for 6 weeks and then 2 weeks every month for 1 year. The endpoints were clinical status at 1 year (assessed with rating scales for ataxia and disability), adverse effects, and changes in neurological abnormalities on MRI.ResultsTen patients were studied. The treatment was well tolerated. All the patients were clinically stable at the end of the study. No MRI changes were noted.ConclusionsDN‐LCH appeared to be stable during ATRA therapy, but further studies are required to appreciate the possible long‐term benefits of ATRA. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The determination of n‐alkanes in the cuticular wax of leaves of Ludwigia adscendens L.
Authors: Barik A. , Bhattacharya B. , Laskar S. , Banerjee T. C. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractAn n‐hexane extract of fresh, mature leaves of Ludwigia adscendens, containing a thin layer of epicuticular waxes, has been analysed for the ﬁrst time by TLC, IR and GC using standard hydrocarbons. The leaves contained 22 identiﬁed long chain (C15–C36) n‐alkanes, accounting for 74.27% of the hydrocarbons present, and an unknown number of unidentiﬁed branched chain alkanes. The predominant n‐alkane was C25 (11.02%), whilst C18 (7.62%), C20 (6.14%), C29 (5.36%) and C27 (5.29%) n‐alkanes were moderately abundant: the C35 homologue was present only in minor amounts (0.22%). Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Preparation of epoxy‐functionalized polystyrene/silica core–shell composite nanoparticles
Authors: Zeng Zhong , Yu Jian , Guo Zhao‐Xia 
Published: March 2004

AbstractEpoxy‐functionalized polystyrene/silica core–shell composite nanoparticles were prepared by the postaddition of glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) via emulsion polymerization. The outermost shell of obtained multilayered core–shell particles was made up of poly(glycidyl methacrylate) (PGMA). A semicontinuous process involving the dropwise addition of GMA was used to avoid demulsification of the emulsion system. The amount of grafted PGMA was quantified by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and was altered in a wide range (1–50 wt % to styrene). The binding efficiency was usually high (ca. 90%), indicating strong adhesion between the silica core and the polymer shell. There were approximately four or five original silica beads, which formed a cluster, per composite of nanoparticles whose size was about 60–70 nm. Other main factors of polymerization conditions including the amounts of sodium dodecyl sulfonate and silica are also discussed. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 42: 2253–2262, 2004
Preparation of poly(ethylene oxide) star polymers and poly(ethylene oxide)–polystyrene heteroarm star polymers by atom transfer radical polymerization
Authors: Du Jianzhong , Chen Yongming 
Published: March 2004

AbstractPoly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) star polymer with a microgel core was prepared by atom transfer radical poylmerization (ATRP) of divinyl benzene (DVB) with mono‐2‐bromoisobutyryl PEO ester as a macroinitiator. Several factors, such as the feed ratio of DVB to the initiator, type of catalysts, and purity of DVB, play important roles during star formation. The crosslinked poly(divinyl benzene) (PDVB) core was further obtained by the hydrolysis of PEO star to remove PEO arms. Size exclusion chromatography (SEC) traces revealed the bare core has a broad molecular weight distribution. PEO–polystyrene (PS) heteroarm star polymer was synthesized through grafting PS from the core of PEO star by another ATRP of styrene (St) because of the presence of initiating groups in the core inherited from PEO star. Characterizations by SEC, 1H NMR, and DSC revealed the successful preparation of the target star copolymers. Scanning electron microscopy images suggested that PEO–PS heteroarm star can form spherical micelles in water/tetrahydrofuran mixture solvents, which further demonstrated the amphiphilic nature of the star polymer. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 42: 2263–2271, 2004
Photoinitiators with functional groups. VI. Chemically bound sensitizers
Authors: Liska Robert 
Published: March 2004

AbstractSeveral benzophenone‐ and thioxanthone‐based photosensitizers (PSs) were covalently bonded to hydroxyalkylphenone‐ and aminoalkylphenone‐based photoinitiators (PIs) to enhance the rate of the excitation‐transfer effect due to the close vicinity of the PS to the PI. The properties of these new systems were investigated with UV spectroscopy and photo‐differential scanning calorimetry. Broadband irradiation experiments and selective excitation of the PS were carried out for the physical mixtures and covalently bonded PI/PS combinations to investigate the effect of excitation transfer. Selective excitation of the PS chromophore revealed that the energy transfer was significantly increased in covalently bonded initiators in comparison with the physical mixtures. This effect was most pronounced for the hydroxyalkylphenones that were sensitized by suitable benzophenone derivatives, especially at low PI concentrations. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 42: 2285–2301, 2004
Differences in health‐related quality of life of prostate cancer patients based on stage of cancer
Authors: Rosenfeld Barry , Roth Andrew J. , Gandhi Sanjay , Penson David 
Published: March 2004

AbstractBackground: Understanding medical factors that influence quality of life for men with prostate cancer is an important goal. This study analysed the relationship between cancer stage and quality of life, including measures of physical and psychological well‐being.Method: A secondary analysis of data from 341 ambulatory men with prostate cancer. The Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy (FACT)—Prostate version, Urinary Function Subscale of UCLA Prostate Cancer Index, and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), were administered during their clinic visit. Stage of disease and treatment history was obtained from clinic records. Patients were categorized into localised (T1–T2, N0, M0, n=186), locally advanced (T3–T4, N0, M0, n=92), and metastatic (T3–T4, N1–3 or Ma–c, n=63) disease. Differences in quality of life based on stage were examined using multivariate analyses controlling for age, treatment type, time since diagnosis, co‐morbidities, and urinary function.Results: Stage of prostate cancer was significantly associated with most FACT scales (Physical, Functioning, Social) and summary scores (Treatment Outcomes Index, FACT total score). However, no significant associations were observed between stage of cancer and psychological symptoms of depression or anxiety. This association remained significant even after controlling for the influence of illness co‐morbidity, urinary functioning, time since diagnosis, age, and type of treatment.Conclusions: Higher cancer stage appears to be associated with poorer quality of life in prostate cancer and this association does not appear to be simply a function of the symptoms and disability that accompany advanced disease. These results have implications for understanding the impact of progression of prostate cancer on patients' health‐related quality of life. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Psychometric analyses of the Mental Adjustment to Cancer (MAC) scale in a Greek palliative care unit
Authors: Mystakidou Kyriaki , Watson Maggie , Tsilika Eleni , Parpa Efi , Primikiri Afrodite , Katsouda Emmanuela , Vlahos Lambros 
Published: March 2004

AbstractThe purpose of the study was to assess the Mental Adjustment to Cancer (MAC) scale on a heterogeneous Greek sample of 200 advanced cancer patients. The results presented regard the validation analysis of the Greek version. The homogeneity of the original subscales proved to be satisfactory (α coefficients ranged from 0.81 to 0.91). A factor analysis was carried out using the LISREL 8.3 procedure. This yielded five factors, including 25 of the 40 original items (α coefficients 0.62–0.93). The resulting factors were called ‘hopeless’, ‘positive attitude’, ‘acceptance’, ‘mental engagement’, and ‘fatalistic’. Correlations between the MAC scale and the disease severity as measured by the ECOG performance status have shown difference only between patients with ‘good’ versus ‘poor’ performance status in the ‘hopeless’ scale (p=0.047). The results suggest that the Greek version, as measured in advanced cancer patients attending a palliative care unit, is a reliable and valid clinical tool in Greece. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prostein expression is highly restricted to normal and malignant prostate tissues
Authors: Kalos Michael , Askaa Jon , Hylander Bonnie L. , Repasky Elisabeth A. , Cai Feng , Vedvick Thomas , Reed Steven G. , Wright George L. , Fanger Gary R. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDProstein is a recently described molecule expressed at the mRNA level in a prostate‐specific manner. A murine monoclonal antibody was developed, characterized, and used to evaluate the expression of prostein protein in prostatic, other normal tissue and tumor samples.METHODSThe murine anti‐prostein monoclonal antibody 10E3‐G4‐D3 was generated using recombinant prostein. ELISA, FACS, and Western analyzes were used to characterize 10E3‐G4‐D3. Immunohistochemistry was used to characterize the expression of prostein in tissues.RESULTS10E3‐G4‐D3 specifically recognizes a linear intracellular epitope of prostein. IHC analysis demonstrates that prostein is expressed in the vast majority of normal and malignant prostatic tissues, regardless of grade and metastatic status. No protein expression is detected in a panel of approximately 4,700 normal and malignant tissue samples representing the great majority of essential tissues and tumors.CONCLUSIONSProstein is exquisitely specific for prostate tissues, indicating a potential clinical utility of 10E3‐G4‐D3 as a diagnostic biomarker, and support the use of prostein as a novel target for development of prostein‐specific antibody and T‐cell based therapeutic strategies for prostate cancer. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pim‐1 expression in prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia and human prostate cancer
Authors: Valdman Alexander , Fang Xiaolei , Pang See‐Tong , Ekman Peter , Egevad Lars 
Published: March 2004

AbstractBackgroundPIM‐1, an oncogene product of serine/threonine kinase, has been found to play an important role in induction/suppression of apoptosis, cell cycle progression, and transcriptional regulation by phosphorylating the target proteins involved in these processes. Recently, the expression of PIM‐1 has been shown to correlate significantly with measures of prostate cancer clinical outcome.MethodsImmunohistochemical analysis was used to characterize the patterns of PIM‐1 expression in high grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN) and cancer in 121 radical prostatectomy specimens.ResultsModerate to strong cytoplasmic staining was observed in 68% of cancers, 12% presented nuclear positivity as well. Moderate to strong expression was seen in 76% of tumors with Gleason score (GS) 7 or higher compared to 58% in tumors with GS 6 or lower (P = 0.04). The staining intensity was moderate or strong in 97% of HGPIN lesions. PIM‐1 was overexpressed in HGPIN compared to cancer in 65% of cases. Expression in benign glands was negative or only weakly positive.ConclusionOur data suggest that PIM‐1 overexpression in HGPIN may be an early event in the development of prostate malignancy. Additionally, PIM‐1 expression provides supplementary information for distinguishing HGPIN from benign epithelium. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The use of trastuzumab in the treatment of hormone refractory prostate cancer; phase II trial
Authors: Ziada Ali , Barqawi Albaha , Glode L. Michael , Varella‐Garcia Marileila , Crighton Frances , Majeski Susan , Rosenblum Mark , Kane Madeleine , Chen Lin , Crawford E. David 
Published: March 2004

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the efficacy and toxicity of the antibody to the HER‐2/neu receptor (trastuzumab, Herceptin®) in the treatment of advanced hormone‐refractory prostate cancer (HRPC).Materials and MethodsEighteen patients with HRPC were recruited for this phase II trial in which they received trastuzumab for 12 weeks or until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity was documented. HER‐2 receptor overexpression was evaluated using immunohistochemistry (IHC) and dual‐color fluorescence in‐situ hybridization (FISH) assays.ResultsTrastuzumab as a single agent demonstrated little efficacy in treating HRPC. Two patients demonstrated stable disease based on a decrease in PSA level to less than 50% of baseline. No patient demonstrated a regression of radiographic bony or soft tissue metastatic disease. The medication was well tolerated in 16 patients (89%), and 2 patients (11%) had to be hospitalized for cardiac complications.ConclusionsTrastuzumab (Herceptin®) as a single agent demonstrated poor efficacy in treating HRPC. Based on promising results in treating breast cancer with regimens using Herceptin® and cytotoxic agents, a similar combination approach might demonstrate better efficacy in treating HRPC. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Proteomic analysis of dunning prostate cancer cell lines with variable metastatic potential using SELDI‐TOF
Authors: Gretzer M.B. , Chan D.W. , van Rootselaar C.L. , Rosenzweig J.M. , Dalrymple S. , Mangold L.A. , Partin A.W. , Veltri R.W. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractBackgroundSurface enhanced laser desorption and ionization‐time‐of‐flight (SELDI‐TOF) is an evolving proteomic technology for improving biomarker discovery that allows for rapid and sensitive analysis of complex protein mixtures generated from body fluids, cells, and/or tissues. SELDI—based profiling identifies unique, differentially expressed proteins relating to specific cancer‐related disease states. We utilized SELDI‐TOF following pre‐processing with molecular separation and chemical fractionation of cell membrane extracts from three Dunning rat prostate cancer cell lines of varying metastatic potential to search novel proteins that are differentially expressed.MethodsDunning rat cell sublines of variable (%) metastatic potential; G (0%), AT‐1 (20%), and Mat‐Ly‐Lu (100%) were cultured in two different laboratories. Cell lysis was performed in a homogenation buffer (320 mM sucrose/50 mM Tris/0.5 mM PSMF) using Dounce homogenation. After centrifugation, the membrane pellet was washed 2× and then solublized in 2% CHAPS/8 M urea. This sample was further processed using positive pressure molecular ultrafiltration at 30 kDa or precipitation with 50% ammonium sulfate. Next, each sample was applied to an IMAC3‐Ni ProteinChip (Ciphergen Biosystems, Freemont, CA) and analyzed using Ciphergen's Protein Biology System with protein peak analysis software.ResultsSELDI‐TOF analysis differentiated the three Dunning rat cell sublines based upon protein concentration normalized profiles between 5,000 and 20,000 Da. The preparations from the three cells lines showed clear differences when the extracts from the metastatic sublines (AT‐1 and MLL) were compared to the benign subline (G) for proteins with molecular weights of 9 kDa (decrease), 12 kDa (significant decrease), 14 kDa (decrease), and 17 kDa (significant gain). After pre‐processing extracts with ammonium sulfate and molecular ultrafiltration, the molecular profile changes from one subline to the next became more apparent. Our results were reproducible using multiple runs including from Dunning cells cultured in a separate laboratory, and using different lots of SELDI ProteinChips.ConclusionsThe application of SELDI‐TOF to a series of Dunning rat prostate cancer cell lines illustrated apparent changes in protein profiles among the three cell lines with known differences in metastatic biologic activity. SELDI‐TOF identified four reproducible changes in protein expression in the AT1 and MLL metastatic cell sublines. Three of the expression changes were manifested as decreases, but one protein (17 kDa) was over‐expressed in the AT1 and MLL cell lines. Emphasis will be placed on the isolation, purification, and characterization of the 17 kDa over‐expressed protein and its potential role in PCa metastasis. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Adenovirus‐mediated expression of a soluble fibroblast growth factor receptor inhibits in vitro growth of prostate DU145 cells
Authors: Gowardhan Bharat , West Alaiyi F. , Robson Craig N. , Leung Hing Y. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractBackgroundFibroblast growth factor (FGF) family plays a key role in prostate cancer. The soluble FGF receptor (sFGFR) has been studied with regards to inhibiting cancer growth and was shown to have a dominant negative effect on cellular signaling and function. Using replication deficient adenovirus‐mediated gene transfer, we tested if sFGFR expression may have a suppressive effect on in vitro growth of prostate cancer cells.MethodsWestern analysis was used to verify expression of sFGFR1 and to examine the effect of sFGFR1 on MAP kinase phosphorylation. The effect on proliferation and invasiveness of DU145 cells was examined using the WST‐1 and Matrigel Invasion assay, respectively.ResultsActivation of MAP kinase (pERK1 and 2) by exogenous FGF1, 2, and 7 was suppressed to baseline levels by sFGFR, which was not seen with EGF. Proliferation and invasion of DU145 cells were significantly suppressed by sFGFR.ConclusionsA replication deficient adenoviral vector system reproducibly expresses sFGFR in prostate cells. Suppression of in vitro growth in DU145 cells by sFGFR provides the basis of a novel therapeutic approach. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Transgenic mouse with human mutant p53 expression in the prostate epithelium
Authors: Elgavish Ada , Wood Philip A. , Pinkert Carl A. , Eltoum Isam‐Eldin , Cartee Todd , Wilbanks John , Mentor‐Marcel Roycelynn , Tian Liqun , Scroggins Samuel E. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractBackgroundApoptosis is disrupted in prostate tumor cells, conferring a survival advantage. p53 is a nuclear protein believed to regulate cancer progression, in part by inducing apoptosis. To test this possibility in future studies, the objective of the present study was to generate a transgenic mouse model expressing mutant p53 in the prostate (PR).MethodsTransgene incorporation was tested using Southern analysis. Expression of mutant p53 protein was examined using immunofluorescence microscopy. Apoptosis in the PR was evaluated using the Tunnel method.ResultsA construct, consisting of the rat probasin promoter and a mutant human p53 fragment, was prepared and used to generate transgenic mice. rPB‐mutant p53 transgene incorporation, as well as nuclear accumulation of mutant human p53 protein, was demonstrated. Prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) III and IV were found in PR of 52‐week old transgenic mice, whereas no pathological changes were found in the other organs examined. PR ability to undergo apoptosis following castration was reduced in rPB‐mutant p53 mice as compared to non transgenic littermates.ConclusionsTransgenic rPB‐mutant p53 mice accumulate mutant p53 protein in PR, resulting in neoplastic lesions and reduced apoptotic potential in the PR. Breeding rPB‐mutant p53 mice with mice expressing an oncogene in their PR will be useful in examining interactions of multiple genes that result in progression of slow growing prostate tumors expressing oncogenes alone to metastatic cancer. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
RNA interference targeting Stat3 inhibits growth and induces apoptosis of human prostate cancer cells
Authors: Ok Lee Soo , Lou Wei , Qureshi Khusroo M. , Mehraein‐Ghomi Farideh , Trump Donald L. , Gao Allen C. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractStat3, a member of the signal transduction and activation of transcription (STAT) family, is a key signal transduction protein that mediates signaling by cytokines, peptide growth factors, and oncoproteins and is constitutively activated in numerous cancers including prostate. Previous studies demonstrated that constitutively activated Stat3 plays an important role in the development and progression of prostate cancer by promoting cell proliferation and protecting against apoptosis. The present study was designed to investigate the potential use of RNA interference to block Stat3 expression and activation and the effect on the growth of human prostate cancer cells. We identified a small interfering RNA (siRNA) specific for Stat3 and demonstrate that blockade of Stat3 activation by the Stat3 siRNA suppresses the growth of human prostate cancer cells and Stat3‐mediated gene expression and induces apoptotic cell death. The Stat3 siRNA does not inhibit the proliferation nor induces apoptosis of Stat3‐inactive human prostate cancer cells. In addition, the Stat3 siRNA inhibits the levels of androgen‐regulated prostate specific antigen (PSA) expression in prostate cancer cells. These results demonstrate that targeting Stat3 signaling using siRNA technique may serve as a novel therapeutic strategy for treatment of prostate cancer expressing constitutively activated Stat3. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.