bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phylogenetic analysis of yeast in the rumen contents of cattle based on the 26S rDNA sequence
Authors: SHIN E. C. , KIM Y. K. , LIM W. J. , HONG S. Y. , AN C. L. , KIM E. J. , CHO K. M. , CHOI B. R. , AN J. M. , KANG J. M. , JEONG Y. J. , KWON E. J. , KIM H. , YUN H. D. 
Published: March 2005

The composition of yeast communities in the rumen of cattle was investigated using comparative DNA sequence analysis of yeast 26S rDNA genes. 26S rDNA libraries were constructed from rumen fluid (FF), rumen solid (FS) and rumen epithelium (FE). A total of 97 clones, containing a partial 26S rDNA sequence of 0·6 kb length, were sequenced and subjected to an on-line similarity search.The 41 FF clones could be divided into five classes. The largest class was affiliated with Pezizomycotina class (85·4% of clones), and the remaining classes were related with the Urediniomycotina (2·4%), Hymenomycetes (4·9%), Ustilaginomycetes (4·9%) and Saccharomycotina (2·4%) classes. The 26 FE clones could be divided into three classes and the Saccharomycetes class (92·4% of clones) was the largest group. The remaining classes were related with either Pezizomycotina (3·8%) or Ustilaginomycetes (3·8%). The 30 FS clones were all affiliated with Saccharomycotina. Saccharomycotina were predominant in rumen epithelium and rumen solid while Pezizomycotina were predominant in rumen fluid. Yeast belonging to the Saccharomycotina class was predominant in the rumen as a whole (57%). One clone (FF34) had less than 90% similarity to any sequence in the database and was thus apparently unrelated to any previously described yeast.
Gateaux derivative of 𝐵(𝐻) norm
Authors: Kečkic̀ Dragoljub 
Published: March 2005

We prove that for Hilbert space operators

X
X

and

Y
Y

, it follows that
\[

lim

t
→

0
+

|

|

X
+
t
Y

|

|

−

|

|

X

|

|

t

=

1

|

|

X

|

|

inf

ε
>
0

sup

φ
∈

H
ε

,

|

|

φ

|

|

=
1

Re
⁡

⟩
Y
φ
,
X
φ
⟩

,

\lim _{t\to 0^+}\frac {||X+tY||-||X||}t=\frac 1{||X||} \inf _{\varepsilon >0}\sup _{\varphi \in H_\varepsilon ,||\varphi ||=1} \operatorname {Re}\left >Y\varphi ,X\varphi \right >,

\]
where

H
ε

=

E

X
∗

X

(
(

|

|

X

|

|

−
ε

)
2

,

|

|

X

|

|

2

)

H_\varepsilon =E_{X^*X}((||X||-\varepsilon )^2,||X||^2)

. Using the concept of

φ
\varphi

-Gateaux derivative, we apply this result to characterize orthogonality in the sense of James in

B
(
H
)

B(H)

, and to give an easy proof of the characterization of smooth points in

B
(
H
)

B(H)

.
Biodiversity trends in Europe: development and testing of a species trend indicator for evaluating progress towards the 2010 target
Authors: de Heer M , Kapos V , ten Brink B.J.E 
Published: March 2005

This paper presents a trial of a species population trend indicator for evaluating progress towards the 2010 biodiversity target in Europe, using existing data. The indicator integrates trends on different species (groups), and can be aggregated across habitats and countries. Thus, the indicator can deliver both headline messages for high-level decision-making and detailed information for in-depth analysis, using data from different sources, collected with different methods.
International non-governmental organizations mobilized data on over 2800 historical trends in national populations of birds, butterflies and mammals, for a total of 273 species. These were combined by habitat and biogeographical region to generate a pilot pan-European scale indicator. The trial indicator suggests a decline of species populations in nearly all habitats, the largest being in farmland, where species populations declined by an average of 23% between 1970 and 2000.
The indicator is potentially useful for monitoring progress towards 2010 biodiversity targets, but constraints include: the limited sensitivity of the historical data, which leads to conservative estimates of species decline; a potential danger of ambiguity because increases in opportunistic species can mask the loss of other species; and failure to account for pre-1970 population declines. We recommend mobilizing additional existing data, particularly for plants and fishes, and elaborating further the criteria for compiling representative sets of species. For a frequent, reliable update of the indicator, sound, sensitive and harmonized biodiversity monitoring programmes are needed in all pan-European countries.
Tropical forest cover change in the 1990s and options for future monitoring
Authors: Mayaux Philippe , Holmgren Peter , Achard Frédéric , Eva Hugh , Stibig Hans-Jürgen , Branthomme Anne 
Published: March 2005

Despite the importance of the world's humid tropical forests, our knowledge concerning their rates of change remains limited. Two recent programmes (FAO 2000 Forest Resources Assessment and TREES II), exploiting the global imaging capabilities of Earth observing satellites, have recently been completed to provide information on the dynamics of tropical forest cover. The results from these independent studies show a high degree of conformity and provide a good understanding of trends at the pan-tropical level.In 1990 there were some 1150 million ha of tropical rain forest with the area of the humid tropics deforested annually estimated at 5.8 million ha (approximately twice the size of Belgium). A further 2.3 million ha of humid forest is apparently degraded annually through fragmentation, logging and/or fires. In the sub-humid and dry tropics, annual deforestation of tropical moist deciduous and tropical dry forests comes to 2.2 and 0.7 million ha, respectively. Southeast Asia is the region where forests are under the highest pressure with an annual change rate of −0.8 to −0.9%. The annual area deforested in Latin America is large, but the relative rate (−0.4 to −0.5%) is lower, owing to the vast area covered by the remaining Amazonian forests. The humid forests of Africa are being converted at a similar rate to those of Latin America (−0.4 to −0.5% per year).During this period, secondary forests have also been established, through re-growth on abandoned land and forest plantations, but with different ecological, biophysical and economic characteristics compared with primary forests. These trends are significant in all regions, but the extent of new forest cover has proven difficult to establish.These results, as well as the lack of more detailed knowledge, clearly demonstrate the need to improve sound scientific evidence to support policy. The two projects provide useful guidance for future monitoring efforts in the context of multilateral environmental agreements and of international aid, trade and development partnerships. Methodologically, the use of high-resolution remote sensing in representative samples has been shown to be cost-effective. Close collaboration between tropical institutions and inter-governmental organizations proved to be a fruitful arrangement in the different projects. To properly assist decision-making, monitoring and assessments should primarily be addressed at the national level, which also corresponds to the ratification level of the multilateral environmental agreements. The Forest Resources Assessment 2000 deforestation statistics from countries are consistent with the satellite-based estimates in Asia and America, but are significantly different in Africa, highlighting the particular need for long-term capacity-building activities in this continent.
Evaluating the design of retail financial service environments
Authors: Greenland Steve , McGoldrick Peter 
Published: March 2005

PurposeEffective retail environments are crucial for customer acquisition and retention. However, the environment behaviour relationship is complex and producing the ideal design is difficult. Whilst substantial research reports the affects of specific design components, studies investigating the impact of multiple store environment stimuli upon consumer perceptions, attitudes and behaviour are limited.Design/methodology/approachThe environment response model provides a conceptual framework for examining the impact of retail settings upon cognitive, affective and cognitive consumer responses. Its applicability is tested in retail banking environments. Research empirically links survey data to a design audit and reveals that more modern branch styles and features are statistically more likely to induce favourable customer reaction.FindingsResearch empirically links survey data to a design audit and reveals that more modern branch styles and features are statistically more likely to induce favourable customer reaction. This finding in some ways helps justify expenditure on refurbishment. However, features having a positive impact in one respect may also be negative in another, highlighting the complexity of the environment behaviour relationship and the difficulties facing retail designers.Research limitations/implicationsThe limitations of this research is the relatively small branch sample size.Originality/valueContributes to the literature on the impact of retail settings on consumer responses.
New technologies for a sustainable printed circuit board manufacturing process: initial results
Authors: Bains Narinder , Geraghty Kate , Goosey Martin 
Published: March 2005

PurposeTo present the initial results from a project recently undertaken by Rohm and Haas Electronic Materials Europe Ltd, in collaboration with a number of European partners, to develop individual elements of the traditional PCB manufacturing process towards a sustainable and zero‐discharge alternative.Design/methodology/approachThis paper presents initial results from work aimed at enabling PCB manufacturing to become more sustainable. Novel processes evaluated include special electroplating techniques, advanced oxidation methods to remove organic contaminants, and new ion exchange systems. Work has been carried out to develop these processes into viable demonstrators and the results of progress to date are reported. Descriptions of how these individual technologies may be combined to provide an integrated approach to a more sustainable PCB manufacturing methodology are also given.FindingsInitial results indicate that a more sustainable PCB manufacturing process may be achieved by combining the use of organic and metal capture resins with advanced oxidation and electrochemical recovery technologies.Originality/valueThe value of the paper lies in its provision of information from a project that is integrating available treatment technologies in a novel approach that will take the PCB manufacturing process closer to a zero effluent discharge situation.
Solderability of electroless deposited Ni‐P coatings with Sn‐3.8Ag‐0.7Cu and Sn‐3.5Ag lead‐free solder alloys
Authors: Li Dezhi , Liu Changqing , Conway Paul P. 
Published: March 2005

PurposeTo study the influence of storage time and environment on the solderability of electroless nickel plated samples with Sn‐3.8Ag‐0.7Cu and Sn‐3.5Ag lead‐free solders and to provide criteria for the use of an electroless nickel (Ni‐P) under bump metallization (UBM) without immersion gold protection.Design/methodology/approachElectroless nickel coatings were deposited onto pure aluminium foil through a procedure developed for the UBM of wafers prior to flip chip bumping. Their solderability with lead‐free solders was studied using the wetting balance technique. Samples stored in different environments for different periods of time were tested to study the dependence of the solderability of Ni‐P coatings on the storage time and temperature. The degree of oxidation of the Ni‐P coatings was examined by means of X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and the surface microstructure and roughness of the coatings were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy.FindingsIt was found that the Ni‐P coatings were unacceptable for direct soldering without the assistance of a flux, due to poor wettability, even when using a freshly prepared Ni‐P coating. Therefore, a suitable flux with nitrogen inerting had to be applied to assist the soldering process. The results also show that the solderability of Ni‐P coatings was affected by the phosphorus content, and the Ni‐P coating with high phosphorus content had a good solderability. The storage time and temperature did not influence the wettability significantly with the assistance of strong flux.Research limitations/implicationsThe stability of the plating solution and the consistence of the phosphorus content in the coating are not easily controlled. This has resulted in implications for surface analysis and wetting testing. Ni‐P coatings with different levels of phosphorus content are being investigated in detail.Originality/valueThe value of the paper lies in its study on the solderability of lead‐free solders to Ni‐P coating after storage in different environments and for different periods, which can provide some criteria for the use of Ni‐P UBM without immersion gold protection.
Von Foerster meets Kohonen
Authors: Honkela Timo 
Published: March 2005

PurposeStudies aspects of Heinz von Foerster's work that are of particular importance for cognitive science and artificial intelligence.Design/methodology/approachKohonen's self‐organizing map is presented as one method that may be useful in implementing some of Von Foerster's ideas. The main foci are the distinction between trivial and non‐trivial machines and the concept of constructive learning. The self‐organizing map is also presented as a potential tool for alleviating the participatory crisis discussed by von Foerster.FindingsThe participatory crisis in society is discussed and the concept of change is handled within the framework of information systems development.Originality/valueConsiders the importance of considering change in information systems development.
Observing quantum systems
Authors: Grössing Gerhard 
Published: March 2005

PurposeAs any attempts at explaining quantum theory in terms of simple, local “cause‐and‐effect” models have remained unsatisfactory, approaches from the perspectives of systems theory seem called for, which is rich in a variety of more complex understandings of causality.Design/methodology/approachThis paper presents one option for such approaches, which the author has introduced previously as “quantum cybernetics”: considering waves (but not “wave functions”!) and “particles” as mutually dependent system components, and thus defining “organizationally closed systems” characterized by a fundamental circular causality. Using such an approach, a new look can be achieved on both classical and quantum physics.FindingsIt was found that quantum theory's most fundamental equation, the Schrödinger equation, can actually be derived from classical physics, once the latter is considered anew, i.e. under said approach involving both particles and (Huygens) waves. In fact, the only difference to existing views is that Huygens waves are here considered to be real, physically effective waves in some hypothesized sub‐quantum medium, rather than mere formal tools.Originality/valueWhat is particularly new in the present paper is that quantum systems can be described by what Heinz von Foerster has called “nontrivial machines”, whereas the corresponding classical counterparts turn out to behave as “trivial machines”. This should provide enough stimulus for discussing system theoretical issues also in the context of the foundations of quantum theory.
New localism and the management of regeneration
Authors: Coaffee Jon 
Published: March 2005

PurposeAims to unpack the development and subsequent growth in the UK of so‐called new localism concepts and policies post‐1997.Design/methodology/approachHighlights both the political rhetoric and the practical applications of such policies. In this context, introduces the articles in this special issue which focus on various dimensions of new localism‐style policy, predominantly in the UK, but provide a series of arguments and illustrate a number of contradictions that are equally applicable in many Western countries.FindingsTension exists between centralising focus and constructing prescribed policy at national state level, and decentralising power and responsibility to a more inclusive group of stakeholders in order to develop increasingly nuanced and locally specific sets of regeneration priorities and outcomes.Originality/valueThe articles in this special issue illuminate a number of lessons for regeneration practitioners and managers, and for academics engaged in research and evaluation of public sector policy.
A plague on all your partnerships: theory and practice in regeneration
Authors: Coulson Andrew 
Published: March 2005

PurposeMuch of the writing on partnerships implicitly assumes that they are beneficial. Other literature points out that partnerships are seldom of equals, and can become instruments of oppression whereby a strong partner gains at the expense of weaker members. This has been taken up by community development specialists with particular reference to the position, at best ambiguous, of representatives or residents of local communities on the boards of regeneration partnerships. This paper aims to review this theory.Design/methodology/approachReviews partnerships and briefly considers three types of partnership in the UK: private finance initiatives (PFI) or public‐private partnerships (PPP); local strategic partnerships; and local area regeneration partnerships.FindingsConcludes that partnerships need time to grow for confidence to be gained inside as well as outside the partnership; partnerships are not usually of equals, and the position of “community representatives” on the boards of partnerships is intrinsically problematic. However, local area partnerships need them: to make “decisions”, to test the likely reception of new ideas, to help sell what is going on. It is likely to prove a serious problem for some PFI/PPP partnerships which are contractually bound for 25 or 30 years; but one may surmise that in many cases partners will fall out and it will be difficult then to deliver the promises that have been made.Originality/valuePartnerships vary, and hence generalisation is difficult. But some important points from the discussion can add to the ongoing dialogue about the nature of partnerships in regeneration.
Maintaining privacy in anomaly‐based intrusion detection systems
Authors: Sodiya A.S. , Longe H.O.D. , Akinwale A.T. 
Published: March 2005

PurposeThe goal of our work is to discuss the fundamental issues of privacy and anomaly‐based intrusion detection systems (IDS) and to design an efficient anomaly‐based intrusion IDS architecture where users' privacy is maintained.Design/methodology/approachIn this work, any information that can link intrusion detection activity to a user is encrypted so as to pseudonyze the sensitive information. A database of encrypted information would then be created which becomes the source database for the IDS. The design makes use of dynamic key generation algorithm that generates key randomly when an intrusion is detected. The keys are only released when an intrusion occurs and immediately swapped to protect harm access to the mapping database.FindingsThe result after testing the new privacy maintained IDS architecture on an application package shows greater improvement over the ordinary IDSs. Privacy complaints reduced considerably from between 8 and 16 per week to about 1‐2.Research limitations/implicationsWe only tested the new privacy maintained IDS on a package, it would also be interesting to test the design on some other systems. There is a possibility that time to detection would increase because of the encryption/decryption part of the new design. All the same, we have designed an IDS architecture where privacy of users on the systems is guaranteed.Practical implicationsThis work provides a background for researchers in IDS and it requires further improvements and extensions.Originality/valueThe work shows that it is possible to design an IDS architecture for maintaining privacy of users on the network. The result shows the originality of the new design.
Carinthia, Interculturalism, and Austrian National Identity: Cultural Reflections on 10 October 1920
Authors: Fiddler Allyson 
Published: March 2005

abstractThe history of Slovene‐Carinthian relations in the twentieth century has been extremely fraught, with Carinthia continuing to be a region of Austria in which nationalist sentiment is openly expressed and where Austrians’ political and cultural anxiety towards their neighbours and former imperial partners is much more than a superficial or suppressed attitude. The ‘Abwehrkampf’ of 1918–19 and the subsequent plebiscite of 10 October 1920 allowing the Carinthian people to decide whether their territory should join the state of Yugoslavia or remain in Austria is a major historical referent in the cultural and political life of Carinthia, and the date is celebrated annually. The paper demonstrates that 10 October 1920 continues to function as part of the ‘narrative’ (Stuart Hall) of Carinthia's regional and Austria's national identity and examines some of the ways in which it has been mobilised to political effect. In analysing the continuing endurance of the 10 October celebrations, the discussion focuses on a number of cultural responses which provide a strong critique of the predominant nationalist use of the plebiscite and offer literary impetus for a more tolerant and productive intercultural exchange in Carinthia.
Pattern and process: competition causes regular spacing of individuals within plant populations
Authors: STOLL PETER , BERGIUS ELKE 
Published: March 2005

SummaryWe used simulated and experimental plant populations to analyse mortality‐driven pattern formation under size‐dependent competition. Larger plants had an advantage under size‐asymmetric but not under symmetric competition. Initial patterns were random or clumped.The simulations were individual‐based and spatially explicit. Size‐dependent competition was modelled with different rules to partition overlapping zones of influence.The experiment used genotypes ofArabidopsis thalianawith different morphological plasticity and hence size‐dependent competition. Compared with wild types, transgenic individuals over‐expressed phytochrome A and had decreased plasticity because of disabled phytochrome‐mediated shade avoidance. Therefore, competition among transgenics was more asymmetric compared with wild‐types.Density‐dependent mortality under symmetric competition did not substantially change the initial spatial pattern. Conversely, simulations under asymmetric competition and experimental patterns of transgenic over‐expressors showed patterns of survivors that deviated substantially from random mortality independent of initial patterns.Small‐scale initial patterns of wild types were regular rather than random or clumped. We hypothesize that this small‐scale regularity may be explained by early shade avoidance of seedlings in their cotyledon stage.Our experimental results support predictions from an individual‐based simulation model and support the conclusion that regular spatial patterns of surviving individuals should be interpreted as evidence for strong, asymmetric competitive interactions and subsequent density‐dependent mortality.