bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deciphering climate resilience in Indian cattle breeds by selection signature analyses
Authors: Nayak Sonali Sonejita , Panigrahi Manjit , Rajawat Divya , Sharma Anurodh , Jain Karan , Bhushan Bharat , Dutt Triveni 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The signature of selection is a crucial concept in evolutionary biology that refers to the pattern of genetic variation that arises in a population as a result of natural selection. In climate adaptation, the signature of selection can reveal the genetic basis of adaptive traits that enable organisms to survive and thrive in changing environmental conditions. Breeds cultivated in diverse agroecological zones exhibit genetic "footprints" within their genomes that mirror the influence of climate-induced selective pressures, subsequently impacting phenotypic variance. We examined genotypic data from eight different cattle groups (Gir, Hariana, Kankrej, Nelore, Ongole, Red Sindhi, Sahiwal, and Tharparkar) that are adapted to diverse regional climates in India. It is assumed that the genomes of animals residing in these regions have been altered through selection for various climatic adaptations. In this study, we utilized bovine 50k chip data and four genome scan techniques to assess the genetic regions of positive selection for high-temperature adaptation in eight distinct cattle populations. We have also investigated the population stratification i.e. PCA, genome-wide investigation of genetic diversity, inbreeding, effective population size in our target dataset. To identify selection signature regions in this work, we used four intra-population statistics: Tajima's D, CLR, iHS, and ROH. We identified potential regions for selection that is likely to be caused by climate. We have identified many adaption genes as several potential selection signature areas. These include genes like HSPB2, HSPB3, HSP20, HSP90AB1, HSF4, HSPA1B, CLPB, GAP43, MITF, and MCHR1 that have been previously identified in the cattle population that lives in high- and low-temperature regions.
Evaluation of the Five-item Modified Frailty Index in predicting postoperative complications in lung cancer patients
Authors: Li Dan , Yuan Tingting , Mijiti Maimaiti , Yan Rui 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background:
Lung cancer is anticipated to be the most common cancer in China. This study aimed to evaluate the utility of the five-item modified frailty index (mFI-5) as a predictor of postoperative complications in patients undergoing surgery for lung cancer.
Methods:
This retrospective cohort study was conducted in a tertiary hospital between January, 2020, and September, 2021. We included adults with lung cancer undergoing surgery and conducted bivariate statistical analyses using Fisher's exact test, chi-square test, and independent samples t-test. Logistic regression models were used for the multivariate analysis.
Results:
We included 541 patients (37.2% male, 62.8% female; mean age, 57.4 ± 10.4 years) with a prevalence of frailty of 9.06%. The presence of frailty was associated with higher complications according to the Clavien–Dindo classification (odds ratio: 3.88; 95% confidence interval: 1.94 − 7.73). The consistency of the regressions indicates the robustness of the results.
Conclusion:
Our study indicates that the mFI-5 based on data from medical records is a pragmatic tool that can independently predict postoperative complications in patients with lung carcinoma undergoing surgery. Upon further validation, integration of this tool into clinical practice may be beneficial for optimizing patient risk stratification.
Categorization of Disaster-Related Deaths in Minamisoma City after the Fukushima Nuclear Disaster Using Clustering Analysis
Authors: Yoshimura Hiroki , Sawano Toyoaki , Murakami Michio , Uchi Yuna , Kawashima Moe , Kitazawa Kenmei , Nonaka Saori , Ito Naomi , Saito Hiroaki , Abe Toshiki , Moriyama Nobuaki , Sakakibara Mamoru , Yagiuchi Kazuko , Otsuki Mako , Hori Arinobu , Ozaki Akihiko , Yamamoto Chika , Zhao Tianchen , Uchiyama Taiga , Oikawa Tomoyoshi , Niwa Shinichi , Tsubokura Masaharu 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The medical situation during disasters often differs from that at usual times. Disasters can lead to significant mortality that can be difficult to monitor. The types of disaster-related deaths are largely unknown. In this study, we conducted a survey to categorize the disaster-related deaths caused by a radiation disaster. A total of 520 people living in Minamisoma City, Fukushima Prefecture, at the time of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident, who were certified to have died due to disaster-related causes were surveyed. We divided the participants into those who were at home at the time of the earthquake and those who were in hospitals or facilities when the disaster struck and conducted a hierarchical cluster analysis of the two groups. Disaster-related deaths could be divided into seven groups for those who were at home at the time of the disaster and five groups for those who were in hospitals or facilities at the time of the disaster. Each group showed different characteristics, such as "the group with disabilities," "the group receiving care," and "the group with depression," and it became evident that not only uniform post-disaster support, but support tailored to the characteristics of each group is necessary.
A prospective study to evaluate the contribution of Pediatric Appendicitis Score in the decision process
Authors: Vevaud Kevin , Dallocchio Aymeric , Dumoitier Nathalie , Laspougeas Alban , Labrunie Anaïs , Belgacem¹ Alexis , Fourcade¹ Laurent , quentin ballouhey 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
To predict acute appendicitis (AA) probability in children admitted to the emergency department (ED) with abdominal symptoms according to whether or not they had a previous consultation in primary care (PC).
Methods
From February to June 2021, all children admitted to the ED for acute abdominal pain suggestive of AA were prospectively enrolled and then allocated into three groups: assessed by a PC physician (PG); brought in by their family without a prior consultation (FG); admitted after a PC consultation without having been assessed as such. The main objectives were to compare the risk of AA development using the Pediatric Appendicitis Score (PAS). The secondary objectives were to analyze the PAS and CRP (C-reactive protein) levels according to the duration of pain and the definitive diagnoses.
Results
124 children were enrolled (PG, n = 56; FG, n = 55; NG, n = 13). Twenty-nine patients (23.4%) had AA. Of these, 13 (23.2%) were from the PG and 14 (25.4%) were from the FG. The mean PAS scores for AA cases from the PG and the FG were 6.69 ± 1.75 and 7.57 ± 1.6, respectively, (p = 0.3340). The PAS scores and the CRP levels were significantly correlated to AA severity. There were no AA cases for PAS scores < 4.
Conclusions
There was no difference in the PAS scores between patients addressed by PG and FG even if this score was higher for patients with AA. We propose a new decisional algorithm for PC practice that integrates inflammatory markers and duration of pain.
Trial registration:
Institutional Ethics Committee number registration: 447-2021-103 (10/01/2021)
Virtual Reality Experiential Learning Improved Undergraduate Students’ Knowledge and Evaluation Skills Relating to Assistive Technology for Older Adults and Individuals with Disabilities
Authors: Chen Peng-Hsu , Ho Hsuan-Wei , Chen Hung-Chou , Tam Ka-Wai , Liu Ju-Chi , Lin Li-Fong 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background: The aging population has caused assistive technology (AT) to receive attention. Thus, ensuring accurate user comprehension of AT has become increasingly crucial, and more specialized education for students in relevant fields is necessary. On the basis of the success of virtual reality (VR) education in multiple areas, this experiment investigated the impact of using head-mounted display–immersive virtual reality (HMD-IVR)technology to teach AT-related knowledge and evaluation skills to undergraduate students on the basis of experiential learning theory.
Methods: A parallel-group design was used. Sixty third-year university students studying gerontology and long-term-care-related subjects in Taiwan were enrolled, with the experimental (VR) and control (two-dimensional [2D] video) groups each comprising 30 participants.Both groups received the same 15-minute lecture. Subsequently, the experimental group received experiential learning through a VR intervention, whereas the control group watched a 2D video to learn. The students’ knowledge of AT was assessed using a pretest and posttest. Additionally, their skills in evaluation of residential environments were assessed using the Residential Environment Assessment (REA) Form for Older Adults. All data analyses were performed with SPSS version 22.
Results: In the posttest conducted after the intervention, the experimental group exhibited a significant 20.67 point improvement (p < 0.05), whereas the control group only exhibited improvement of 3.67 points (p= 0.317). Furthermore, the experimental group demonstrated a significantly higher score (+2.17 points) on the REA Form for Older Adults than did the control group (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: The use of VR experiential learning can significantly improve undergraduate students’ knowledge and evaluation skills in relation to AT for older adults and individuals with disabilities.
Serotonin Reuptake Inhibition for the Prevention of Vasovagal Syncope: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Raj Priya , Lei Lucy , Flevaris Panagiota , Raj Satish , Sheldon Robert S. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Purpose: Vasovagal syncope is a common clinical condition that lacks effective medical therapies despite being associated with significant morbidity. Current guidelines suggest that serotonin-specific reuptake inhibitors, might suppress vasovagal syncope but supporting studies have been small and heterogenous. The purpose was to evaluate the efficacy of serotonin-specific reuptake inhibitors to prevent syncope in patients with recurrent vasovagal syncope by conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis of published studies.
Methods: Relevant randomized controlled trials were identified from the MEDLINE and Embase databases without language restriction from inception to August 2022, and clinicaltrials.gov. All studies were conducted in clinical syncope populations and compared the benefit of serotonin versus placebo. Weighted relative risks were estimated using random effects meta-analysis techniques.
Results: Three studies (n=204) met inclusion criteria. Patients were 42±13 years of age and 51% female. Serotonin-specific reuptake inhibitors were found to substantially reduce the likelihood of a patient having at least one recurrence of vasovagal syncope (relative risk [RR]=0.34 (0.20-0.60), p<0.01) with minimal between-study heterogeneity (I2=0%, p = 0.67). Serotonin-specific reuptake inhibitors in two reports provided significant protection against clinical presyncope (RR = 0.43 (0.24-0.77, p <0.01), with minimal between-study heterogeneity (I2 = 0%, p = 0.80).
Conclusions: Serotonin-specific reuptake inhibitors may be effective in preventing syncope induced by head-up-tilt testing and in syncope in the community in randomized, double-blinded clinical trials.
Genotoxic Effects of Iprodione and Tebuconazole on Allium cepa meristem cells: concentration and time-dependent responses and implications for hazard assessment
Authors: Mendoza Grace Stephany Solano , Andrioli Nancy Beatriz 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The present work explores the genotoxicity of fungicides Iprodione (IP) and Tebuconazole (TB) using the Allium cepa assay as in vivo biological model. Both short-term and long-term exposures were studied, revealing concentration-dependent cytological and genotoxic effects. IP exhibited genotoxicity over a wider concentration range (5–50 µg/ml) and required longer exposure, while TB showed more genotoxicity at higher concentrations and shorter exposure times. The study highlights the importance of assessing potential risks associated with fungicide exposure, including handling, disposal, and food residue concerns. The research underscores the genotoxic effects of IP and TB on plant cells and provides valuable insights into their concentration and time-response patterns.
Mode of Progression in Smoldering Multiple Myeloma: A study of 406 patients
Authors: Rajkumar S , Abdallah Nadine , Lakshman Arjun , Kumar Shaji , Cook Joselle , Binder Moritz , Kapoor Prashant , Dispenzieri Angela , Gertz Morie , Lacy Martha , HAYMAN Suzanne , Buadi Francis , Dingli David , Lin Yi , Kourelis Taxiarchis , Warsame Rahma , Bergsagel P. Leif 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The approach to patients with high-risk smoldering multiple myeloma (SMM) varies among clinicians; while some advocate early intervention, others reserve treatment at progression to multiple myeloma (MM). We aimed to describe the myeloma-defining events (MDEs) and clinical presentations leading to MM diagnosis among SMM patients seen at our institution. We included 406 patients diagnosed with SMM between 2013-2022, seen at Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN. The 2018 Mayo 20/2/20 criteria were used for risk stratification. Median follow-up was 3.9 years. Among high-risk patients who did not receive treatment in the SMM phase (n=71), 51 progressed by last follow-up; the MDEs included: bone lesions(37%), anemia(35%), hypercalcemia(8%), and renal failure(6%); 24% met MM criteria based on marrow plasmacytosis (≥60%) and/or free light chain ratio (>100); 45% had clinically significant MDEs (hypercalcemia, renal insufficiency, and/or bone lesions). MM diagnosis was made based on surveillance labs/imaging(45%), testing obtained due to provider suspicion for progression(14%), bone pain(20%), and hospitalization/ED presentations due to MM complications/symptoms(4%). The presentation was undocumented in 14%. A high proportion (45%) of patients with high-risk SMM on active surveillance develop end-organ damage at progression. About a quarter of patients who progress to MM are not diagnosed based on routine interval surveillance testing.
Altitude and polarity transitions of corona activity in thundercloud tops reaching the lower stratosphere
Authors: Lei Jiuhou , Liu Feifan , Neubert Torsten , Chanrion Olivier , Lu Gaopeng , Wu Ting , Lyu Fanchao , Lyu Weitao , Köhn Christoph , Li Dongshuai , Zhu Baoyou 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Thunderclouds occasionally penetrate into the stratosphere, forcing the exchange of air masses between the troposphere and the stratosphere. Observations from space have shown that blue corona discharges are often generated in such thundercloud tops and are the optical manifestation of so-called Narrow Bipolar Events (NBEs) observed in radio signals. They come with two polarities, the positive that brings net negative charge aloft, and the negative that brings negative charge towards the earth. While their production appears to depend on convection, the cause and nature of such discharges are not well known. Here we report the observations by a lightning detection array of unusual amounts of NBEs during a tropical storm on the coastline of China. NBEs of negative polarity are predominantly observed at the top of the cloud reaching the tropopause and into the stratosphere, and positive NBEs are primarily at lower altitudes. We find that either positive or negative polarities dominate at a time, shifting between the two with a ~30 min period. The period is close to the typical time of development of thunderstorm cells, suggesting that the polarity depends on the phase of the storm cell. Furthermore, we find that the lightning jump of negative NBEs is associated with the occurrence of above-anvil cirrus plumes (AACPs) of ice crystals and water vapor in the lower stratosphere resulting from the strong updraft. We propose that variations in updrafts induce changes in the altitude and charge concentrations of the cloud layers, which lead to the polarity transition. Our results have implications for studies of the chemical perturbations of greenhouse gas concentrations at the tropopause by corona discharges at the tropopause.
GPIP: Geometry-enhanced Pre-training on Interatomic Potentials
Authors: Su Mao , Zhang Shufei , Cui Taoyong , Tang Chenyu , Li Yuqiang , Dong Yuhan , Gong Xingao , Ouyang Wanli , Bai Lei 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Machine learning interatomic potentials (MLIPs) enables molecular dynamics (MD) simulations with ab initio accuracy and has been applied to various fields of physical science. However, the performance and transferability of MLIPs are limited by insufficient labeled training data, which require expensive ab initio calculations to obtain the labels, especially for complex molecular systems. To address this challenge, we design a novel geometric structure learning paradigm that consists of two stages. We first generate a large quantity of 3D configurations of target molecular system with classical molecular dynamics simulations. Then, we propose geometry-enhanced self-supervised learning consisting of masking, denoising, and contrastive learning to better capture the topology and 3D geometric information from the unlabeled 3D configurations. We evaluate our method on various benchmarks ranging from small molecule datasets to complex periodic molecular systems with more types of elements. The experimental results show that the proposed pre-training method can greatly enhance the accuracy of MLIPs with few extra computational costs and works well with different invariant or equivariant graph neural network architectures. Our method improves the generalization capability of MLIPs and helps to realize accurate MD simulations for complex molecular systems.
Cholangiocyte Organoids to Model Chlorpromazine-Induced Bile Duct Injury
Authors: Wang Zhenguo , Xing Chen , Laan Luc J.W. van der , Verstegen Monique M.A. , Spee Bart , Masereeuw Rosalinde 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background Drug induced bile duct injury is a frequently observed clinical problem leading to a wide range of pathological features. During the past decades, several agents have been identified with various postulated mechanisms of bile duct damage, however, mostly still poorly understood.
Methods Here, we investigated the mechanisms of chlorpromazine(CPZ) induced bile duct injury using advanced in vitro cholangiocyte cultures. Intrahepatic cholangiocyte organoids (ICOs) were driven into mature cholangiocyte like cells (CLCs), which were exposed to CPZ under cholestatic or non-cholestatic conditions through the addition of a bile acid cocktail.
Results CPZ caused loss of monolayer integrity by reducing expression levels of tight junction protein 1 (TJP1), E-cadherin 1 (CDH1) and lysyl oxidase homolog 2 (LOXL2). Loss of zonula occuludens-1 (ZO-1) and E-cadherin was confirmed by immunostaining after exposure to CPZ and rhodamine-123 leakage further confirmed disruption of the cholangiocyte barrier function. Furthermore, oxidative stress seemed to play a major role in the early damage response by CPZ. The drug also decreased expression of three main basolateral bile acid transporters, ABCC3 (ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 3), SLC51A/B (solute carrier family 51 subunit alpha/beta) and multidrug resistance transporter ABCB1 (ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1), thereby contributing to bile acid accumulation. CPZ did not induce an inflammatory response by itself, but addition of TNFα revealed a synergistic effect.
Conclusion These results show that ICOs present a model to identify toxic drugs affecting the bile ducts while providing mechanistic insights into hepatotoxicity.
Intra-articular injection of stigmasterol loaded nanoparticles is effective in inhibiting joints destruction in an osteoarthritis rat model
Authors: Lim Ji Hyun , Kim Sung Eun , Kim Hak-Jun , Song Gwan Gyu , Jung Jae Hyun 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Stigmasterol, a plant-derived sterol, sharing structural similarity with cholesterol, has demonstrated anti-osteoarthritis (OA) properties, attributed to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capabilities. Given that OA often arises in weight bearing or overused joints, prolonged localized treatment effectively targets inflammatory aspects of the disease. This research explored the impact of stigmasterol-loaded nanoparticles delivered via intra-articular injections in an OA rat model. Employing mesoporous silica nanomaterials (MSNs) combined with β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) as a vehicle, stigmasterol was loaded in conjunction with tannic acid, forming stigmasterol/β-CD-MSNs to facilitate a sustained stigmasterol release. The study employed RAW 264.7 cells to examine the in vitro cytotoxicity and anti-inflammatory effect of stigmasterol/β-CD-MSNs. For in vivo experimentation, we used healthy control rats and monosodium iodoacetate (MIA)-induced OA rats, separated into five groups, varying the injection substances. In vitro findings indicated that stigmasterol/β-CD-MSNs suppressed the mRNA expression of key pro-inflammatory mediators such as interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and matrix metalloproteinase-3 in a dose-dependent manner. In vivo experiments revealed a substantial decrease in the mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory factors in the stigmasterol(50 µg)/β-CD-MSN group compared to the others. Macroscopic, radiographic, and histological evaluations established that intra-articular injections of stigmasterol/β-CD-MSNs inhibited cartilage degeneration and subchondral bone deterioration. Therefore, in a chemically induced OA rat model, intra-articular stigmasterol delivery was associated with reduction in both local and systemic inflammatory responses, alongside a slowdown in joint degradation and arthritic progression.
Machine learning-based prediction model for neurodegenerative disease in patients with type 2 diabetes: derivation and validation in two independent Korean cohorts
Authors: Rhee Sang Youl , Sang Hyunji , Lee Myeongcheol , Lee Hojae , Park Jaeyu , Kim Sunyoung , Woo Ho Geol , Koyanagi Ai , Smith Lee , Lee Sihoon , Hwang You-Cheol , Park Tae Sun , Lim Hyunjung , Yon Dong Keon 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background Several machine learning (ML) prediction models for neurodegenerative diseases (ND) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have recently been developed. However, the predictive power of these models is limited by the lack of multiple risk factors. This study aimed to assess the validity and utility of an ML model for predicting the three year incidence of ND in patients with T2DM.Methods We used data from two independent cohorts, the discovery cohort (one hospital; n = 22,311) and the validation cohort (two hospitals; n = 2,915), to predict ND. The outcome of interest was the presence or absence of ND at three years. We selected different ML-based models with hyperparameter tuning in the discovery cohort and conducted an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) analysis in the validation cohort.Results The study dataset included 22,311 (discovery) and 2,915 (validation) patients with T2DM recruited between 2008 and 2022. ND was observed in 133 (0.6%) and 15 patients (0.5%) in the discovery and validation cohorts, respectively. The AdaBoost model had a mean AUROC of 0.82 (95% CI, 0.79–0.85) in the discovery dataset. When this result was applied to the validation dataset, the AdaBoost model exhibited the best performance among the models, with an AUROC of 0.83 (accuracy of 78.6%, sensitivity of 78.6%, specificity of 78.6%, and balanced accuracy of 78.6%). The most influential factors in the AdaBoost model were age and cardiovascular disease.Conclusions This study shows the utility and feasibility of ML for assessing the incidence of ND in patients with T2DM and suggests its potential for use in screening patients. Further international studies are required to validate these findings.