bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multimethod analysis of large‐ and low‐tapered single file reciprocating instruments: Design, metallurgy, mechanical performance, and irrigation flow
Authors: Silva Emmanuel João Nogueira Leal , Peña‐Bengoa Fernando , Ajuz Natasha C. , Vieira Victor T. L. , Martins Jorge N. R. , Marques Duarte , Pinto Ricardo , Rito Pereira Mario , Braz‐Fernandes Francisco Manuel , Versiani Marco A. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAimTo compare eight large‐ and low‐tapered heat‐treated reciprocating instruments regarding their design, metallurgy, mechanical properties, and irrigation flow through an in silico model.MethodologyA total of 472 new 25‐mm E‐Flex Rex (25/.04 and 25/.06), Excalibur (25/.05), Procodile (25/.06), Reciproc Blue R25 (25/.08v), WaveOne Gold Primary (25/.07v), and Univy Sense (25/.04 and 25/.06) instruments were evaluated regarding their design (stereomicroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and 3D surface scanning), metallurgy (energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry), and mechanical performance (cyclic fatigue, torsional resistance, cutting ability, bending and buckling resistance). Computational fluid dynamics assessment was also conducted to determine the irrigation flow pattern, apical pressure, and wall shear stress in simulated canal preparations. Kruskal–Wallis and one‐way anova post hoc Tukey tests were used for statistical comparisons (α = 5%).ResultsInstruments presented variations in blade numbers, helical angles, and tip designs, with all featuring non‐active tips, symmetrical blades, and equiatomic nickel‐titanium ratios. Cross‐sectional designs exhibited an S‐shaped geometry, except for WaveOne Gold. Univy 25/.04 and Reciproc Blue displayed the smallest and largest core diameters at D3. Univy 25/.04 and E‐Flex Rec 25/.04 demonstrated the longest time to fracture (p < .05). Reciproc Blue and Univy 25/.04 exhibited the highest and lowest torque to fracture, respectively (p < .05). Univy 25/.04 and Reciproc Blue had the highest rotation angles, whilst E‐Flex Rec 25/.06 showed the lowest angle (p < .05). The better cutting ability was observed with E‐Flex Rec 25/.06, Procodile, Excalibur, and Reciproc Blue (p > .05). Reciproc R25 and E‐Flex Rec showed the highest buckling resistance values (p < .05), with WaveOne Gold being the least flexible instrument. The impact of instruments' size and taper on wall shear stress and apical pressure did not follow a distinct pattern, although Univy 25/.04 and E‐Flex Rec 25/.06 yielded the highest and lowest values for both parameters, respectively.ConclusionsLow‐tapered reciprocating instruments exhibit increased flexibility, higher time to fracture, and greater angles of rotation, coupled with reduced maximum bending loads and buckling strength compared to large‐tapered instruments. Nevertheless, low‐tapered systems also exhibit lower maximum torque to fracture and inferior cutting ability, contributing to a narrower apical canal enlargement that may compromise the penetration of irrigants in that region.
Does nursing leaders' humility leadership associate with nursing team members' psychological safety? A cross‐sectional online survey
Authors: Mrayyan Majd T. , Al‐Rjoub Saleem 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAimsThe leader's ability to act with self‐awareness, lead with generosity, and consider others' opinions is what defines humility leadership. In recent healthcare literature, there has been extensive exploration of humility leadership and psychological safety, but these studies were non‐nursing. It is crucial to understand how humble leaders can empower their staff's psychological safety, as inclusivity is a key aspect of humility leadership and is closely linked to psychological safety. Therefore, this study examined the association between nursing leaders' humility leadership and team members' psychological safety.DesignA quantitative cross‐sectional design was used in the current study.MethodsTo assess the studied variables, 245 nursing academics, nurses, and nursing leaders were recruited from different universities and hospitals using the convenience snowball sampling technique, yielding a response rate of 70%. After a pilot study, an online survey using Google Forms was hosted in 2022.FindingsThe psychological safety of nursing team members was not found to be associated with the humility leadership of nursing leaders. Despite the participants' reports of their nursing leaders exhibiting humility leadership (mean = 3.57/5, SE = 0.055), the participants also reported that psychological safety was borderline (mean = 3.09/5, SE = 0.041).ConclusionThe borderline nursing team members' psychological safety implies that different types of leadership may have an impact on the psychological safety of nursing team members. The lack of association between nursing leaders' humility leadership and the psychological safety of nursing team members highlights the need for further understanding and effort from nursing leaders to establish psychologically safe work environments.ImpactThis research offers valuable insights into how the humility of nursing leaders impacts the psychological safety of nursing team members. The psychological safety of the nursing team members highlights the specific responsibilities that nursing leaders should assume to establish psychologically safe work environments.Patient or Public ContributionThere was no Patient or Public Contribution, as the sample included nursing academics, nurses, and nursing leaders recruited from different universities and hospitals.Implications for Practice/Policy

A simple intervention that humble leaders can initiate is inclusivity, where subordinates' positive worth, strengths, and contributions are acknowledged. Inclusivity is a characteristic of humility leadership.

Improving teams'’ psychological safety calls to promote a culture of civility in the workplace.

A random and larger sample is needed, including other types of universities and hospitals, using other research designs across other cultures.
Association of plasma homocysteine with peripheral arterial disease in the hypertensive adults: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Yu Chuanli , Ding Congcong , Hu Lihua , Shi Yumeng , Zhao Peixu , Liu Jin´e , Zhang Liting , Sun Dan , Zhou Wei , Yu Chao , Wang Tao , Zhu Lingjuan , Huang Xiao , Bao Huihui , Cheng Xiaoshu 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIncreased plasma homocysteine (Hcy) has been identified as one of the important risk factors for cardiovascular disease. However, the association between plasma Hcy and peripheral artery disease (PAD) is still controversial. This study aimed to investigate the association between plasma Hcy and PAD and the potential modifier factors in Chinese hypertensive adults. A total of 25 300 hypertensive patients aged 18 years or older were included in the analysis in this cross‐sectional study. The outcome was PAD, which defined as an ankle‐brachial index ≤0.90 in either limb. Multiple logistic regression was used to analyze the relationship between plasma Hcy and PAD. The median plasma Hcy was 14.00 (interquartile range: 11.60–17.80) μmol/L. There was a significant positive association between plasma Hcy and PAD (per SD increment; OR: 1.13; 95% CI: 1.06–1.19). Patients in the upper plasma Hcy tertile (≥16.16 μmol/L) were associated with a 53% increased risk of PAD compared with patients in the lower tertile (<12.33 μmol/L) after adjustment for multiple potential confounders. Subgroup analyses showed the association between Hcy and PAD was robust among various strata. Among Chinese adults with hypertension, plasma Hcy is an independent risk factor for PAD. This finding may improve the risk stratification of PAD.
IL‐6 levels dominate the serum cytokine signature of severe epidermolysis bullosa: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Reimer‐Taschenbrecker A. , Hess M. , Davidovic M. , Hwang A. , Hübner S. , Hofsaess M. , Gewert S. , Eyerich K. , Has C. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundSystemic inflammation is considered a major player in the pathogenesis of epidermolysis bullosa (EB), but its pattern has only been described in small heterogeneous cohorts. There is controversy if and how systemic inflammation should be therapeutically targeted.MethodsWe examined serum proinflammatory, anti‐inflammatory, and itch related cytokines in a paediatric cohort of 29 patients with junctional and dystrophic EB. The cytokine that emerged as the most relevant was measured in a validation cohort of 42 patients during follow‐up visits over 2 years.ResultsIL‐6 showed the most consistent and highest aberration dominating systemic inflammation. IL‐6 correlated with wound body surface area (BSA) in both, finding and validation cohorts. Patients with less than 3% wound BSA had normal IL‐6, while IL‐6 levels significantly increased at more than 5% and 10% of wound BSA. TGF‐β was only marginally elevated in patients with severe recessive dystrophic EB, while TNF‐α, IFN‐γ and IL‐1β varied inconsistently. Patients reporting itch showed elevations in type 2 immunity (IgE, TSLP, IL4 and/or IL‐31, respectively).ConclusionsOur data suggest a dominant skin barrier and wound healing inflammatory pattern in junctional and dystrophic EB that depends on the wound area and not on the EB type. In EB, itch mediators may be similar to other pruritic disorders.
Endothelial dysfunction of syphilis: Pathogenesis
Authors: Liu Zhaoping , Zhang Xiaohong , Xiong Shun , Huang Shaobin , Ding Xuan , Xu Man , Yao Jiangchen , Liu Shuangquan , Zhao Feijun 
Published: February 2024

AbstractTreponema pallidum is the causative factor of syphilis, a sexually transmitted disease (STD) characterized by perivascular infiltration of inflammatory cells, vascular leakage, swelling and proliferation of endothelial cells (ECs). The endothelium lining blood and lymphatic vessels is a key barrier separating body fluids from host tissues and is a major target of T. pallidum. In this review, we focus on how T. pallidum establish intimate interactions with ECs, triggering endothelial dysfunction such as endothelial inflammation, abnormal repairment and damage of ECs. In addition, we summarize that migration and invasion of T. pallidum across vascular ECs may occur through two pathways. These two mechanisms of transendothelial migration are paracellular and cholesterol‐dependent, respectively. Herein, clarifying the relationship between T. pallidum and endothelial dysfunction is of great significance to provide novel strategies for diagnosis and prevention of syphilis, and has a great potential prospect of clinical application.
Treponema pallidum‐induced prostaglandin E2 secretion in skin fibroblasts leads to neuronal hyperpolarization: A cause of painless ulcers
Authors: He Y. , Yi D.‐Y. , Pan L. , Ye W.‐M. , Xie L. , Zheng X.‐Q. , Liu D. , Yang T.‐C. , Lin Y. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundPrimary syphilis is characterized by painless ulcerative lesions in the genitalia, the aetiology of painless remains elusive.ObjectivesTo investigate the role of Treponema pallidum in painless ulcer of primary syphilis, and the mechanisms underlying painless ulcers caused by T. pallidum.MethodsAn experimental rabbit model of primary syphilis was established to investigate its effects on peripheral nerve tissues. Human skin fibroblasts were used to examine the role of T. pallidum in modulating neurotransmitters associated with pain and to explore the signalling pathways related to neurotransmitter secretion by T. pallidum in vitro.ResultsTreponema pallidum infection did not directly lead to neuronal damage or interfere with the neuronal resting potential. Instead, it facilitated the secretion of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) through endoplasmic reticulum stress in both rabbit and human skin fibroblasts, and upregulation of PGE2 induced the hyperpolarization of neurones. Moreover, the IRE1α/COX‐2 signalling pathway was identified as the underlying mechanism by which T. pallidum induced the production of PGE2 in human skin fibroblasts.ConclusionTreponema pallidum promotes PGE2 secretion in skin fibroblasts, leading to the excitation of neuronal hyperpolarization and potentially contributing to the pathogenesis of painless ulcers in syphilis.
Sense‐making and hermeneutical injustice following a psychiatric diagnosis
Authors: Hassall Richard 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWhen one is seriously ill, the diagnosis given can generate questions about what it means and how to make sense of it. This is particularly the case for psychiatric diagnoses which can convey a biomedical narrative of the sufferer's condition. Making sense of one's diagnosis in such cases can involve changing one's self‐narrative in such a way as to incorporate the belief that one has developed a disease with an unknown cause. To demonstrate the importance of self‐narratives, I outline key themes in narrative theory which have been explored in various ways by philosophers and some psychologists. These theorists emphasise the importance of self‐narratives in creating meaning for their authors. The biomedical narrative associated with a psychiatric diagnosis may conflict with the recipient's previous self‐narratives. This may reduce the recipient's sense of self‐efficacy and induce feelings of hopelessness about recovery. I argue that those receiving a psychiatric diagnosis may consequently be vulnerable to epistemic injustice. In particular, this includes hermeneutical injustice, where individuals lack the ability to understand or articulate their experiences in ways that make sense to them, due to their hermeneutical resources being marginalised by the dominant narrative in a medicalized environment. I consider two possible objections to my claim and offer answers to these.
The effect of swimming activity and feed restriction of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) on water quality and fish‐plant growth performance in aquaponics
Authors: Tunçelli Gökhan , Memiş Devrim 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn this study, we investigated the effects of swimming activity and feed restriction on juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in decoupled aquaponic systems. Our focus was on assessing their impact on water quality parameters within the aquaponic setup and evaluating the growth performance of the fish, including final weight (FW), condition factor (K), coefficient of variation (c.v.) in weight, specific growth rate (SGR), total feed intake (g/fish), feed conversion rate (FCR), hepatosomatic index (HSI), and viscerosomatic index (VSI), as well as the growth of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. var. elmaria). The study involved 108 juvenile rainbow trout with an average initial weight of 26.54 ± 0.36 g and 60 ten‐day‐old lettuce seedlings, over a period of 42 days. We designed four treatment groups, each with three fish tanks: static ad libitum (SA), where fish were in static water conditions and fed to satiation; static restriction (SR), with fish in static water and a 25% feed restriction; current ad libitum (CA), where fish experienced forced swimming at 1 BL s−1; and current restriction (CR), with swimming exercise at 1 BL s−1 and a 25% feed restriction. Using a flow rate of 1 BL s−1 in the tanks for rainbow trout yielded several benefits. Notably, the fish in the CA group exhibited increased feed intake (60 ± 1.78 g fish−1) and enhanced fish growth with an FW of 91.72 ± 0.91 g, compared to the SA group (55.88 ± 0.88 g fish−1 for feed intake and 89.26 ± 0.81 g for FW). In contrast, the CR group showed a reduced feed intake (39.02 ± 2.78 g fish−1) and a lower FW (67.85 ± 1.49 g) compared to the CA group. In addition, the CA group demonstrated positive contributions to fish development with a reduced HSI (1.26 ± 0.02) in comparison to the SA group (1.56 ± 0.14). Inadequate nutrient provisioning in the SR and CR groups negatively impacted fish growth and system efficiency. Our findings suggest that optimizing water flow and feed benefits fish and plants and enhances system sustainability.
Role and ethics of cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis) blastoids in primate developmental biology research
Authors: Kwon Taeho 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis review on cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis) blastoids discusses a breakthrough in modeling early non‐human primate embryogenesis, offering insights into embryonic development and implantation processes. It acknowledges ethical challenges and animal welfare considerations in developmental biology, suggests potential applications in human reproductive medicine, and highlights the need for ongoing ethical and technical refinement.
Nutrient‐demanding and thermophilous plants dominate urban forest‐edge vegetation across temperate Europe
Authors: De Pauw Karen , Depauw Leen , Calders Kim , Cousins Sara A. O. , Decocq Guillaume , De Lombaerde Emiel , Diekmann Martin , Frey David , Lenoir Jonathan , Meeussen Camille , Orczewska Anna , Plue Jan , Spicher Fabien , Zellweger Florian , Vangansbeke Pieter , Verheyen Kris , De Frenne Pieter 
Published: February 2024

AbstractQuestionsForests are highly fragmented across the globe. For urban forests in particular, fragmentation increases the exposure to local warming caused by the urban heat island (UHI) effect. We here aim to quantify edge effects on herbaceous understorey vegetation in urban forests, and test whether these effects interact with forest structural complexity.LocationWe set up a pan‐European study at the continental scale including six urban forests in Zurich, Paris, Katowice, Brussels, Bremen, and Stockholm.MethodsWe recorded understorey plant communities from the edge towards the interior of urban forests. Within each urban forest, we studied edge‐to‐interior gradients in paired stands with differing forest structural complexity. Community composition was analysed based on species specialism, life form, light, nutrient, acidity and disturbance indicator values and species' thermal niches.ResultsWe found that herbaceous communities at urban forest edges supported more generalists and forbs but fewer ferns than in forests' interiors. A buffered summer microclimate proved crucial for the presence of fern species. The edge communities contained more thermophilous, disturbance‐tolerant, nutrient‐demanding and basiphilous plant species, a pattern strongly confirmed by corresponding edge‐to‐interior gradients in microclimate, soil and light conditions in the understorey. Additionally, plots with a lower canopy cover and higher light availability supported higher numbers of both generalists and forest specialists. Even though no significant interactions were found between the edge distance and forest structural complexity, opposing additive effects indicated that a dense canopy can be used to buffer negative edge effects.ConclusionThe urban environment poses a multifaceted filter on understorey plant communities which contributes to significant differences in community composition between urban forest edges and interiors. For urban biodiversity conservation and the buffering of edge effects, it will be key to maintain dense canopies near urban forest edges.
Mitochondrial amidoxime‐reducing component 1 p.Ala165Thr increases protein degradation mediated by the proteasome
Authors: Dutta Tanmoy , Sasidharan Kavitha , Ciociola Ester , Pennisi Grazia , Noto Francesca R. , Kovooru Lohitesh , Kroon Tobias , Lindblom Anna , Du Yue , Pirmoradian Mohammad , Wallin Simonetta , Mancina Rosellina M. , Lindén Daniel , Romeo Stefano 
Published: February 2024

AbstractObjectiveMetabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is a global health concern with no effective and specific drug treatment available. The rs2642438 minor allele in mitochondrial amidoxime‐reducing component 1 (MARC1) results in an aminoacidic substitution (p.Ala165Thr) and associates with protection against MASLD. However, the mechanisms behind this protective effect are unknown. In this study, we examined the consequences of this aminoacidic substitution on protein stability and subcellular localization.MethodsWe overexpressed the human MARC1 A165 (wild‐type) or 165T (mutant) in vivo in mice and in vitro in human hepatoma cells (HepG2 and HuH‐7), generated several mutants at position 165 by in situ mutagenesis and then examined protein levels. We also generated HepG2 cells stably overexpressing MARC1 A165 or 165T to test the effect of this substitution on MARC1 subcellular localization.ResultsMARC1 165T overexpression resulted in lower protein levels than A165 both in vivo and in vitro. Similarly, any mutant at position 165 showed lower protein levels compared to the wild‐type protein. We showed that the 165T mutant protein is polyubiquitinated and its degradation is accelerated through lysine‐48 ubiquitin‐mediated proteasomal degradation. We also showed that the 165T substitution does not affect the MARC1 subcellular localization.ConclusionsThis study shows that alanine at position 165 in MARC1 is crucial for protein stability, and the threonine substitution at this position leads to a hypomorphic protein variant due to lower protein levels. Our result supports the notion that lowering hepatic MARC1 protein level may be a successful therapeutic strategy for treating MASLD.
Highly siderophile element abundances and 187Re‐187Os systematics in the Tafassasset carbonaceous‐like primitive achondrite
Authors: Nicklas Robert W. , Gardner‐Vandy Kathryn G. , Day James M. D. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractHighly siderophile elements (HSE) strongly partition into metal phases over silicate minerals and so offer important constraints on nebular and core formation processes acting on early planetesimals. Abundances of the HSE are also an important tool for constraining relationships between metal‐rich meteorites. The first bulk rock and in situ HSE abundance and 187Re‐187Os data are reported for the ungrouped metal‐rich achondrite Tafassasset to examine models of its petrogenesis and origin. Bulk rock and metal grain HSE abundances are elevated at ~2 and ~15 times CI chondrite abundances, respectively, and are largely unfractionated from one another. Metal within Tafassasset is therefore likely to have quenched shortly after partial melting without significant fractional crystallization. Metal grain HSE abundances can be used to calculate a metal fraction of 14 ± 4 wt%, overlapping with the parent bodies of CC iron meteorites, which have also been related to Tafassasset using nucleosynthetic isotope anomalies. Despite such similarities, HSE systematics of bulk rock Tafassasset are not equivalent to any known chondrites, and metal grains do not overlap with iron meteorites or chondrite metal grains, precluding a direct genetic relationship.