bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thiazolidinedione as a Promising Medicinal Scaffold for the Treatment of
Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Singh Gurvinder , Kumar Rajesh , D.S. Desna , Chaudhary Manish , Kaur Charanjit , Khurrana Navneet 
Published: October 2023

Background:
Thiazolidinediones, also known as glitazones, are considered as biologically active scaffold and a well-established class of anti-diabetic agents for the treatment of type
2 diabetes mellitus. Thiazolidinediones act by reducing insulin resistance through elevated peripheral glucose disposal and glucose production. These molecules activate peroxisome proliferated activated receptor (PPARγ), one of the sub-types of PPARs, and a diverse group of its hybrid have also shown numerous therapeutic activities along with antidiabetic activity.

Objective:
The objective of this review was to collect and summarize the research related to the
medicinal potential, structure-activity relationship and safety aspects of thiazolidinedione analogues designed and investigated in type 2 diabetes during the last two decades.

Methods:
The mentioned objective was achieved by collecting and reviewing the research manuscripts, review articles, and patents from PubMed, Science Direct, Embase, google scholar and
journals related to the topic from different publishers like Wiley, Springer, Elsevier, Taylor and
Francis, Indian and International government patent sites etc.

Results:
The thiazolidinedione scaffold has been a focus of research in the design and synthesis
of novel derivatives for the management of type 2 diabetes, specifically in the case of insulin resistance. The complications like fluid retention, idiosyncratic hepatotoxicity, weight gain and
congestive heart failure in the case of trosiglitazone, and pioglitazone have restricted their use.
The newer analogues have been synthesized by different research groups to attain better efficacy
and less side effects.

Conclusion:
Thus, the potential of thiazolidinediones in terms of their chemical evolution, action
on nuclear receptors, aldose reductase and free fatty acid receptor 1 is well established. The
newer TZD analogues with better safety profiles and tolerability will soon be available in the
market for common use without further delay.
Burden and Coping Strategies of Hypoglycemia in People with Diabetes
Authors: Liakos Aris , Karagiannis Thomas , Avgerinos Ioannis , Tsapas Apostolos , Bekiari Eleni 
Published: October 2023

Abstract:
Hypoglycemia is a limiting adverse effect of glucose-lowering medications and particularly insulin replacement therapy. This review provides insights into the burden of hypoglycemia in the management of diabetes and outlines strategies available to reduce the risk of hypoglycemia and improve patients’ well-being. People with type 1 diabetes are primarily affected by
hypoglycemic episodes which are associated with direct physical harms like injuries and cardiac
events as well as indirect psychosocial consequences including constant anxiety, absenteeism,
increased healthcare costs and overall poorer quality of life. These complications are more prominent amongst individuals with hypoglycemia unawareness or overnight hypoglycemia and could
even extend to caregivers such as parents of children with diabetes. Patients experiencing frequent or severe hypoglycemic events might also develop a pathological fear of hypoglycemia
and adopt aberrant behaviors intending to maintain higher blood glucose levels. Modern pharmaceutical options with a safer profile in terms of hypoglycemia are available including novel basal
insulins with lower rates of nocturnal hypoglycemia along with ultra-rapid-acting insulin analogs
with a shorter duration of action that might avert late post-meal hypoglycemia. Continuous glucose monitoring and sensor-augmented insulin pump therapy with low glucose suspend technology can also prevent hypoglycemia, although concerns about cost and patient satisfaction remain. Advancements in insulin therapy and technological modalities should be coupled with ongoing education and support for patients to become co-managers of their disease and reduce the
risk of hypoglycemia.
Design, Synthesis, Evaluation and Toxicity Studies of Novel Acridine
Derivatives in Zebra Fish Larvae
Authors: Ramachandran Surajambika Remya , Natarajan Ramalakshmi , Nagarajan Nalini 
Published: October 2023

Background:
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a complex neurodegenerative condition for
which a single protein-targeting medication is not enough to provide a cure. All the medications
now available for AD are palliative. FDA has approved five medications for the treatment of AD,
i.e., tacrine, donepezil, galantamine, rivastigmine, and memantine. Due to hepatotoxicity, tacrine is
no longer utilized in clinical practice. Due to the lack of therapeutic efficiency of single-target medications and the multifaceted etiology of AD, multitarget-directed ligands have been developed.

Objectives:
The present research focused on incorporating a flavone nucleus into the amino group
of 9-amino acridine nucleus to make it an acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyryl cholinesterase
inhibitor (BuChE) with less toxicity

Methods:
We designed and synthesized ten flavone-substituted acridine derivatives and evaluated
them for in vitro AChE and BuChE inhibitory activity. Molecular modeling studies were conducted using AutoDock Vina with hAChE (PDB ID: 4EY7) and hBuChE (PDB ID: 4TPK). The
toxicity profile of the most active novel compound tested on zebrafish larvae for determining the
liver and cardiac toxicity and LD50 value of the compound were determined.

Results:
In vitro AChE and BuChE inhibitory study by Ellman assay showed acceptable results.
The compound AF2 showed the highest activity with an IC50 value of 0.99 ± 0.1 µM for AChE
and 1.78 ± 0.19 for BuChE. The in vivo acute toxicity studies conducted on zebra fish larvae did
not show cardiac and hepatotoxicity, and the LD50 value was found to be 1000 µL

Conclusion:
The results highlighted the AChE and BuChE inhibitory effects of the novel acridine-flavone hybrids, and they can be promising multitarget-directed ligands for AD.
Important Regulatory Guidelines on Natural Products
Authors: Sahu Abhisar , Srivastava Nimisha , Jena Devashish , Singh Aayushee , Kumar Satya , Chauhan Iti 
Published: October 2023

Abstract:
Ayurvedic cosmeceuticals are alluded to as products of various passable magnificence
substances to shape the base in which one or more ayurvedic parts are utilized to give benefits
and various ailments. The Drugs and Cosmetics Act of 1940 controls the approaches concerning
the making, dealing, amassing, allotment, and importing of drugs in essentially a comparable
manner to radiance care things in India. Quality control and assessment of Ayurvedic drugs must
ensure the effectiveness of the drug. Given their crucial role, it involves evaluating their physical, chemical, and physiochemical qualities, as well as conducting in-vitro and in-vivo tests. Natural ingredients have consistently been our primary source of medicines, and dosage forms determine how drug molecules or plant components are delivered to the site of action within the
body. Good agricultural and collection practices (GACP) rules have been given by the WHO
(World Health Organization) for the differentiation and planning of regular items. There are primarily two legal regulatory bodies within the AYUSH (Ayurveda, Yoga and Naturopathy,
Unani, Siddha, and Homeopathy) sector i.e., Central Council of Indian Medicine (CCIM) and
the Central Council of Homeopathy.
Reviewing Expert Attitudes Toward Quaternary Prevention using
Traditional Medicine: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Mehrolhassani Mohammad Hossein , Nia Rahil Ghorbani , Vali Leila , Shaabani Yousef 
Published: October 2023

Introduction:
Traditional medicine is based on knowledge, skills, and practices relying on the theories, beliefs, and indigenous experiences of different cultures that has a healthoriented and holistic view. With a holistic and health-oriented approach, quaternary prevention
also seeks to prevent harm to the patient.Patient harm can be prevented by using efficient methods of traditional medicine and limiting the use of ineffective and harmful methods.

Methods:
The quantitative design of the study was conducted using a phenomenological approach among the faculty members of the Faculty of Traditional Medicine of Kerman University of Medical Sciences. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with the participation of 12
individuals selected using purposeful sampling. Content analysis was used to analyze the data.
The codes were categorized based on their differences or similarities.

Results:
Six main themes were identified: prevention, patient benefit, quality of service, patient
harm, rules and regulations, and financial burden. 18 sub-themes were extracted.

Conclusion:
Healthcare providers must protect their patients from the harms and costs of unnecessary diagnostic, therapeutic, and preventative measures. It is likely that adopting effective executive mechanisms, rules, and regulations focusing on the principle of patient benefit can lead
to the implementation of a combination of traditional medicine and modern medicine on an extensive scale, aiming to reduce patient harm.
Effects of the Biological Diversity (Amendment) Bill, 2021 on India's
AYUSH Industry
Authors: Singh Preet Amol 
Published: October 2023

Background:
Some of the most well-known ancient medical systems in India include
Ayurveda, Yoga, Unani, Siddha, and Homoeopathy (AYUSH), whose medications are made
primarily from medicinal plants gathered from forests. The Biological Diversity Act, of 2002
was created in India to carry out the 1992 United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity
(CBD). The CBD aims for a sustainable, equitable, and shared distribution of benefits resulting
from the use of biological resources and traditional knowledge. With one of its goals being to
encourage the cultivation of medicinal plants, the Biological Diversity (Amendment) Bill, 2021,
which proposes to amend the Biological Diversity Act of 2002, has been adopted by the lower
house (Lok Sabha) of the Indian parliament.

Objective:
The goal of the study is to examine how the amendment will affect the AYUSH sector, which also happens to be the source of India's traditional medicines.

Results:
A distinction between cultivated and wild medicinal plants has been made, with cultivated medicinal plants being excluded from the access and benefit-sharing (ABS) mechanism
upon acquiring the certificate of origin. This can give rise to false claims by the traders and manufacturers that their medicinal plants are cultivated. According to the most recent modification,
the majority of traditional knowledge employed in the AYUSH systems of medicine is codified.
There's a potential that the majority of people who have traditional knowledge will not be eligible for the benefits. The other argument is that eliminating AYUSH practitioners, growing medicinal plants, and codifying traditional knowledge from access and benefit sharing, would promote foreign investment in the AYUSH sector.

Conclusion:
This amendment must, in practice, ensure that tribes and vulnerable people profit
from the sale of medicinal forest products, and decriminalising certain clauses actually advances
AYUSH, and simplifies business operations. Striking a balance between encouraging economic
growth and maintaining the long-term preservation of India's biodiversity is necessary.
Quality by Design-driven Development of 5-fluorouracil Loaded
Mucoadhesive Microparticulate Drug Delivery Systems for Effective
Chemotherapy for Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Jena Goutam Kumar , Patra Chinam Niranjan , Jammula Sruti , Shree Dipthi , Sahoo Laxmidhar , Patnaik Aiswarya , Nayak Chandan Kumar 
Published: October 2023

Aims:
To enhance oral bioavailability and decrease the dosing frequency of 5-Fluorouracil

Background:
Cancer is one of the most dreadful diseases for which complete cures are not possible, but
colorectal cancer is completely curable if diagnosed at an early stage. If diagnosed in late-stage, 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is mostly recommended for its effective treatment, but the challenges associated with this
drug are short elimination half-life, severe side effects, as well as non-specificity. The challenges can be
better addressed by fabricating microbeads using the QbD approach. To enhance the oral bioavailability
of 5-FU and to target the colon for the effective treatment of colorectal cancer, the microbeads were
fabricated by emulsification crosslinking method using Box-Behnken design.

Objective:
To target the colon for effective treatment of colorectal cancer with enhanced oral bioavailability.

Methods:
The microparticulate drug delivery system was fabricated by using the emulsification crosslinking method by implementing a quality design approach with risk assessment followed by characterization such as FTIR, DSC, TGA, XRD, in vitro drug release, in vitro cytotoxicity study and in vivo
pharmacokinetic studies.

Results:
The patient-centric quality target product profile (QTPP) was set. QTPP inspired critical quality
attributes (CQAs) were searched out. The critical material attributes (CMAs) and critical process parameters (CPPs) influencing CQAs were distinguished. The seventeen formulations were fabricated employing Box Behnken Design, followed by optimization using numerical and graphical optimization techniques and the optimized microbeads were subjected to in vivo pharmacokinetic and in vitro cytotoxicity
studies using HT 29 cell lines. The results revealed that 5-FU-loaded microbeads exhibited significantly
more cytotoxic, and bioavailability was found to be nearly doubled as compared to pure drugs.

Conclusion:
5-FU-loaded microbeads can be developed and optimized successfully by using quality by
design approach and coating with eudragit S100, which can be targeted to the colon for the effective
treatment of colorectal cancer.
Tanggapan Pembaca Terhadap Novel ‘00.00’ Karya Ameylia Falensia
Authors: Agustin Eka Nusa , Fitrah Yundi , Wulandari Sovia 
Published: October 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan tanggapan para pembaca terhadap novel 00.00 karya Ameylia Falensia. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif, adapun pengumpulan data menggunakan metode studi pustaka dan kuesioner. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan yaitu resepsi sastra berupa tanggapan pembaca pembaca dari versi cetak dan digital. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa berdasarkan dari hasil komentar di wattpad para pembaca lebih banyak memberikan tanggapan mengenai tokoh dan penokohan cerita wattpad para pembaca seperti mengomentari bagaimana tokoh Lengkara yang selalu mendapatkan hukuman dari Sang Papa, Nilam yang dibenci para pembaca karena sikapnya yang selalu berusaha agar Lengkara di benci semua orang karena iri dengan apa yang dimiliki Lengkara, tokoh Erik (Papa Lengkara) yang bersikap kasar terhadap anak kandungnya sendiri dan mama tiri yang selalu mendukung dan membela anaknya Nilam, para pembaca juga berkomentar tentang bagaimana bagaimana tokoh lain seperti para sahabat Lengkara Risma, Deo, Geo dan Sekala yang memiliki sifat yang berbeda-beda tetapi selalu baik kepada lengkara walaupun ada beberapa terjadi kesalahpahaman yang terjadi dalam novel 00.00. Pembaca wattpad 00.00 berdasarkan kuesioner rata-rata pembaca berasal dari kalangan remaja (usia belasan) hingga dewasa.
Struktur dan Fungsi Kunaung Pralogis Kerinci
Authors: Ulina Sri , Karim Maizar , Wilyanti Liza Septa 
Published: October 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan struktur dan fungsi Kunaung Kerinci. Struktur tersebut meliputi unsur-unsur tema, alur, l atar, tokoh dan penokohan serta amanat. Fungsi cerita yang dianalisis adalah fungsi teks bagi hal layak pembaca. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian deskriptif kualitatif, data berupa kata-kata, kalimat dan paragraf dalam cerita Beranak Beruk, Putri Rebung Bersuamikan Ular, Belalai Raja, Ikan Mas dan Ikan Raya, Dallidau dan Batu Patah yang bersumber dari kumpulan cerita rakyat Kunaung Kerinci. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu teknik studi pustaka. Teknik analisis data dilakukan dengan cara mereduksi data, memilih, memangkas dan membuang kata-kata, kalimat maupun paragraf yang tidak berkaitan dengan data yang akan dianalisis. Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh dalam penelitian ini yaitu struktur yang terdiri dari tema, alur, latar, tokoh dan penokohan serta amanat sedangkan fungsi yang terdapat di dalam cerita yaitu terdiri dari fungsi fungsi pendidikan, fungsi alat pengesahan dan pranata-pranata dan lembaga kebudayaan, fungsi sistem proyeksi perasaan terpendam masyarakat dan fungsi hiburan. Sedangkan, unsur pralogis sendiri terdapat pada enam cerita rakyat yang berjudul Beranak Beruk, Putrri Rebung Bersuamikan Ular, Belalai Raja, Ikan Mas dan Ikan Raya, Batu Patah dan Dallidau.
Leksikon Budaya Tradisi Besale Suku Anak Dalam Batin Sembilan di Desa Tanjung Lebar Kecamatan Bahar Selatan Kabupaten Muaro Jambi, Tinjauan: Kajian Etnolinguistik
Authors: Maisaroh Siti , Kusmana Ade , Izar Julisah 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This study aims to describe the cultural meaning in the Besale tradition of Suku Anak Dalam Batin Sembilan which is in the Tanjung Lebar Village Bahar Selatan District Muaro Jambi Regency. The research method is descriptive with a qualitative approach. After that the data obtained in the form of words on equipment, people, and the way/process of implementing the besale tradition. Data obtained from three informants. The techniques used to obtain data are observation, interview, listen, record and note. Then the data obtained were analyzed using the qualitative data analysis technique of the Miles and Huberman model. The results of this study are the cultural lexicon and cultural meaning of the besale Suku Anak Dalam Batin Sembilan tradition in form of names of equipment, people and ways consisting of words that use Suku Anak Dalam Malay and words that use Indonesian but with different pronunciations.
Abstrak
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan leksikon budaya dan makna kultural pada tradisi Besale Suku Anak Dalam Batin Sembilan yang berada di kawasan Desa Tanjung Lebar Kecamatan Bahar Selatan Kabupaten Muaro Jambi. Metode penelitian bersifat deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Setelah itu data yang diperoleh berupa kata pada perlengkapan, orang dan cara/proses pelaksanaan tradisi besale. Data diperoleh dari tiga informan. Adapun teknik yang digunakan untuk memperoleh data yaitu observasi, wawancara, simak, rekam, dan catat. Kemudian data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan teknik analisis data kualitatif model Miles dan Huberman. Hasil penelitian ini adalah leksikon budaya dan makna kultural dari tradisi besale Suku Anak Dalam Batin Sembilan yang berupa nama-nama perlengkapan, orang dan cara yang terdiri dari kata yang menggunakan bahasa Melayu Suku Anak Dalam Batin Sembilan dan kata yang menggunakan bahasa Indonesia akan tetapi dengan penyebutan yang berbeda.
Karakter Tokoh dalam Kumpulan Cerpen Dilarang Menyanyi di Kamar Mandi Karya Seno Gumira Ajidarma
Authors: Cristopan Wahyu , Karim Maizar , Wulandari Sovia 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This study aims to describe the characters and their depictions in the collection of short stories Dilarang Menyanyi di Kamar Mandi by Seno Gumira Ajidarma by using the characterizaation method of Albertine Minderop. This research is a qualitative descriptive research with the type of library research. Sources of data used are short stories in the collection of short stories Dilarang Menyanyi di Kamar Mandi by Seno Gumira Aji Darma. Data collection was carried out using the characterization method of Albertine Minderop. The conclusion of this research is to show the character which is describe by direct method (telling) and indirect method (showing)
Abstrak
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan karakter serta penggambarannya dalam kumpulan cerpen Dilarang Menyanyi di Kamar Mandi Karya Seno Gumira Ajidarma dengan menggunakan metode karakterisasi Albertine Minderop. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian kepustakaan. Sumber data yang digunakan adalah cerpen-cerpen dalam kumpulan cerpen Dilarang Menyanyi di Kamar Mandi karya Seno Gumira Ajidarma. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan pembacaan cermat dan pencatatan. Analisis data dilakukan dengan metode karakterisasi Albertine Minderop. Simpulan dari penelitian ini yaitu menunjukkan karakter tiap tokoh yang digambarkan dengan metode langsung (telling) dan metode tidak langsung (showing).
Analisis Relasi Makna Sinonim dan Antonim Bahasa Kerinci Dialek Tebing Tinggi Kecamatan Danau Kerinci
Authors: Fatria Mimi , Ernanda Ernanda , Afria Rengki 
Published: October 2023

This study aims to describe the form of meaning relations of synonyms and antonyms in the Kerinci dialect of Tebing Tinggi, Danau Kerinci District. The method used is descriptive method with a qualitative approach. The methods of collecting data in this study are: observation, interviews, fishing techniques, recording techniques and note-taking techniques. Based on the research results found. Based on the analysis of data that has been found by researchers in the village of Tebing Tinggi, Lake Kerinci District, a total of 177 data were found. There are 110 synonym data. The data consists of 85 synonym data with the same meaning and 25 synonym data with almost the same meaning. In the antonym meaning relation, there are 67 antonym data. The data is divided into 38 data belonging to absolute antonyms, 14 data including polar antonyms, 8 data including relationship antonyms, 1 data including hierarchical antonyms and 6 data including compound antonyms.
Abstract
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan bentuk relasi makna sinonim dan antonim dalam bahasa Kerinci dialek Tebing Tinggi Kecamatan Danau Kerinci. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif dengan bentuk pendekatan kualitatif. Metode dalam pengumpulan data pada penelitian ini yakni: observasi, wawancara, teknik pancing, teknik rekam dan teknik catat. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ditemukan . Berdasarkan analisis data yang telah ditemukan oleh peneliti pada desa Tebing Tinggi Kecamatan Danau Kerinci di temukan 177 data secara keseluruhan. Data sinonim berjumlah 110. Data tersebut terdiri dari 85 data sinonim yang sama maknanya dan 25 data sinonim yang maknanya hampir sama. Pada relasi makna antonim terdapat 67 data antonim. Data tersebut terbagi menjadi 38 data yang tergolong pada antonim mutlak, 14 data termasuk antonim kutub, 8 data termasuk antonim hubungan, 1 data termasuk antonim hierarkial dan 6 data termasuk antonim majemuk.