bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transient central nervous system white matter abnormality in X‐linked Charcot‐Marie‐Tooth disease
Authors: Paulson Henry L. , Garbern James Y. , Hoban Timothy F. , Krajewski Karen M. , Lewis Richard A. , Fischbeck Kenneth H. , Grossman Robert I. , Lenkinski Robert , Kamholz John A. , Shy Michael E. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractX‐linked Charcot‐Marie‐Tooth disease (CMTX) is a hereditary demyelinating neuropathy caused by mutations in the connexin 32 (Cx32) gene. Cx32 is widely expressed in brain and peripheral nerve, yet clinical manifestations of CMTX mainly arise from peripheral neuropathy. We have evaluated two male patients with CMTX who on separate occasions developed transient ataxia, dysarthria, and weakness within 3 days of returning from ski trips at altitudes above 8,000 feet. Magnetic resonance imaging studies in both patients showed nonenhancing, confluent, and symmetrical white matter abnormalities that were more pronounced posteriorly and that resolved over several months. Magnetic transfer images in one patient demonstrated increased magnetization transfer ratios distinct from that seen in demyelination or edema. Both patients returned to their normal baseline within 2 to 3 weeks. These cases suggest that CMTX patients are at risk for developing an acute, transient, neurological syndrome when they travel to places at high altitudes and return to sea level. Cx32 mutations may cause central nervous system dysfunction by reducing the number of functioning gap junctions between oligodendrocytes and astrocytes, making both cells more susceptible to abnormalities of intercellular exchange of ions and small molecules in situations of metabolic stress.
Application of low‐resolution Raman spectroscopy to online monitoring of miniemulsion polymerization
Authors: McCaffery Timothy R. , Durant Yvon G. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractRaman spectroscopy has become a preferred technique for online monitoring of dispersion polymerization. Raman spectroscopy offers two specific advantages for these systems. First, it is insensitive to the presence of water, and the total amount of water in the emulsion has little to no influence. Second, it can use standard glass fiber conduits combined with a visible light excitation laser to allow use of a flexible remote sensor. A low‐cost low‐resolution Raman spectrometer (LRRS) was used to monitor emulsion polymerization, specifically batch miniemulsion polymerization. Styrene was used as an internal reference to compensate for the effect of laser intensity fluctuation. A linear correlation between peak intensity ratio and monomer concentration was found. Probe fouling was controlled by using a protective film with minimal impact on measurement quality. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 86: 1507–1515, 2002
Electrochemical copolymerization of pyrrole and thiophene nanofibrils using template‐synthesis method
Authors: Li Xiaohong , Lu Mei , Li Hulin 
Published: October 2002

AbstractCopolymer nanofibrils composed of pyrrole and thiophene were prepared by synthesizing the desired polymer within the pores of microporous anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) template membranes. The copolymer nanofibrils were photographed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) for microstructure analyses. The results of the SEM and TEM revealed that the copolymer nanofibrils obtained had uniform and well‐aligned arrays and their diameter and length could be controlled by changing the aspect ratios of the AAO membrane. The results of cyclic voltammetry and IR spectrometry indicated that polypyrrole and polythiophene were both involved in the copolymer. The nanofibrils that were obtained were identified as copolymers rather than composites. The influence of the applied polymerization potential on the synthesis of copolymer nanofibrils was investigated. The higher potential favored the incorporation of thiophene units into the copolymer nanofibrils. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 86: 2403–2407, 2002
Solution copolycondensation of isophthalic acid, terephthalic acid, 4,4′‐dihydroxydiphenylsulfone, and bisphenols with a tosyl chloride/dimethylformamide/pyridine condensing agent
Authors: Higashi Fukuji , Hayashi Ryousuke , Yamazaki Tadashi 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe solution polycondensation of a mixture of various parts of isophthalic acid (IPA) and terephthalic acid (TPA) with 4,4′‐dihydroxydiphenylsulfone (BPS) with tosyl chloride/dimethylformamide/pyridine as a condensing agent was studied. To elucidate how the reaction should be done to obtain copolymers of high molecular weights, we examined the two‐stage copolycondensation with BPS and 2,2‐bis(4‐hydroxyphenyl)propanes (BPAs) by changing the content of IPA/TPA and the amount of BPS or BPA used in the initial reaction. Controlling the reaction at an earlier stage could facilitate the copolycondensation. The polyesters of IPA/TPA and BPS of moderate inherent viscosity values up to 1.0 were obtained by the two‐stage reaction with optimal amounts of BPS first and then additional BPS. Satisfactory results were also obtained by the dropwise addition of BPS over 10–20 min in the preparation of the IPA/TPA–BPS polymers containing less than 50 mol % TPA. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 86: 2607–2610, 2002
Preparation and characterization of dihydroxyl mesocyclic diamine derivative of chitosan
Authors: Yang Zhikuan , Li Jian 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe synthesis of a new dihydroxyl mesocyclic diamine grafting chitosan is presented. This derivative is formed by reaction of dihydroxyl azacrown ether with expoxy‐activated chitosan. The obtained copolymer contains amino functional groups in its skeleton and the secondary amine, and more polar hydroxyl groups. Elemental analysis, fourier transform infrared analysis, as well as solid‐state carbon‐13 nuclear magnetic resonance analysis were used to characterize chemical modifications of the chitosan. The adsorption properties of the dihydroxyl mesocyclic diamine grafted chitosan for Ag+, Pb2+, Cd2+, and Cr3+ were studied. The experimented results showed that the novel chitosan derivative has good adsorption capacity and high selectivity for Ag+ in the presence of Pb2+, Cd2+, and Cr3+, and its adsorption selectivity is better than that of chitosan. The selectivity coefficients were K = 12.25, K = 6.12, and K = 0.52, respectively. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 86: 2677–2681, 2002
Complicated resistivity‐temperature behavior in polymer composites
Authors: Li Rong‐Qun , Dou Da‐Ying , Miao Jin‐Ling , Wang Wen‐Feng , Yao Si‐De , Zeng Han‐Min 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe resistivity of different polymer composites is investigated in different temperature‐changing processes, which demonstrates more complicated changing behaviors than that usually reported in literatures. The complicated resistivity‐temperature (R‐T) behaviors cannot be explained by current theories, and the contradictions of them with current theories are presented in this article. With the experiments, a new viewpoint on the R‐T behaviors of polymer composites is proposed, i.e., the resistivity changes are attributed to internal stress generated when the morphology and structure of the composites undergo great changes. Based on this speculation, the complicated R‐T behaviors of polymer composites can be well explained. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 86: 2217–2221, 2002
Improvement of the compatibility of natural rubber/ethylene–propylene diene monomer rubber blends via natural rubber epoxidation
Authors: El Sayed A. Mounir , Afifi H. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe longitudinal ultrasonic velocity, longitudinal ultrasonic absorption (attenuation coefficient), glass‐transition temperature, and Mooney viscosity for epoxidized natural rubber/ethylene–propylene diene monomer blends were measured. The variation of the longitudinal ultrasonic velocity with the blend ratios was linear, indicating a compatible system in comparison with the same system without epoxidation (natural rubber/ethylene–propylene diene monomer), which was incompatible. Also, the behavior was confirmed by heat of mixing calculations as well as Mooney viscosity measurements. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 86: 2816–2819, 2002
Frequency of infection in patients with rheumatoid arthritis compared with controls: A population‐based study
Authors: Doran Michele F. , Crowson Cynthia S. , Pond Gregory R. , O'Fallon W. Michael , Gabriel Sherine E. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractObjectiveA high frequency of infections complicating rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has been described in reports of case series. This retrospective longitudinal cohort study was undertaken to compare the frequency of infections in a population‐based incidence cohort of RA patients with that in a group of individuals without RA from the same population.MethodsRA patients included all members of an incidence cohort of Rochester, Minnesota residents ages ≥18 years who were first diagnosed as having RA between 1955 and 1994. One age‐ and sex‐matched subject without RA was selected for each patient with RA. Study subjects were followed up by review of their entire medical record until death, migration from the area, or study end (January 1, 2000), and details of all documented infections, along with information on potential risk factors for infection, were recorded. Hazard ratios for infections were estimated using stratified Andersen‐Gill proportional hazards models, with adjustment for potential confounders.ResultsThe 609 RA patients and 609 non‐RA study subjects (mean age 58.0 years; 73.1% female) were followed up for a mean of 12.7 years and 15.0 years, respectively, reflecting higher mortality among the group with RA. Hazards ratios for objectively confirmed infections, infections requiring hospitalization, and any documented infection in patients with RA were 1.70 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.42–2.03), 1.83 (95% CI 1.52–2.21), and 1.45 (95% CI 1.29–1.64), respectively, after adjustment for age, sex, smoking status, leukopenia, corticosteroid use, and diabetes mellitus. Sites of infection with the highest risk ratios were bone, joints, skin, soft tissues, and the respiratory tract.ConclusionIn this study, patients with RA were at increased risk of developing infections compared with non‐RA subjects. This may be due to immunomodulatory effects of RA, or to agents with immunosuppressive effects used in its treatment.
Central New York psychiatric center: an approach to the treatment of co‐occurring disorders in the New York State correctional mental health system
Authors: Smith Hal , Sawyer Donald A. , Way Bruce B. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractCentral New York Psychiatric Center operates a maximum security inpatient treatment hospital and outpatient mental health services for all of the 72 New York State prisons. In this article prevalence data, patient characteristics, and interventions offered to inmates diagnosed with co‐occurring mental illness and substance abuse disorders in the New York State prison system are reviewed and discussed. Available interventions have resulted from the close collaboration of the State Department of Correctional Services and State Office of Mental Health. Aspects of current programs and plans for future service developments are discussed along with implications for the treatment of an offender population diagnosed with a co‐occurring disorder. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Serious and fatal injuries to infants with discrepant parental explanations: some assessment and case management issues
Authors: Dale Peter , Green Richard , Fellows Ron 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe objective of this study was to examine the challenges faced by child protection systems in assessment and case management where babies and infants have received serious and fatal physical injuries in the context of discrepant parent/carer explanations. Thirty‐eight case files or review records of children under the age of 2 with serious or fatal physical injuries were examined. Qualitative methods were employed to identify issues relating to types of parent/carer explanations, factors of concern in addition to the injuries and child protection system responses to the families. Findings indicate that the initial safety response by child protection systems to babies with serious injuries with discrepant explanations can be inadequate. Assessment of further risks could be inconsistent, especially in cases where there are few other factors of concern apart from the injury. There is a need for the development in the UK of more systematic decision‐making processes to achieve more consistent standards of assessment and case management of high‐risk infants and to minimize false‐negative and false‐positive predictions of further risk. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The influence of risk and protective factors on burnout experienced by those who work with maltreated children
Authors: Stevens Michelle , Higgins Daryl J. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe aim of the study was to explore the degree (and type) of burnout and trauma symptoms, personal histories and coping strategies retrospectively reported by those who work with maltreated children and their families. A self‐selected sample of workers (N = 44) completed a self‐report questionnaire assessing childhood maltreatment, family background characteristics, current adjustment, coping strategies and burnout. Workers reported high levels of emotional exhaustion and depersonalization, and a low to moderate sense of personal accomplishment. Family background characteristics predicted the occurrence of maltreatment and current adjustment, and a personal history of maltreatment predicted current trauma symptoms, but not burnout. Workers most frequently used problem‐focused coping strategies and sought social support; however, coping strategies were not associated with the level of either trauma symptoms or burnout. Despite employing positive coping strategies, their efficacy may be affected by other interpersonal, intra‐individual and job resource issues. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Argatroban anticoagulation during percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with heparin‐induced thrombocytopenia
Authors: Lewis Bruce E. , Matthai William H. , Cohen Marc , Moses Jeffrey W. , Hursting Marcie J. , Leya Fred 
Published: October 2002

AbstractHeparin‐induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is an immune‐mediated syndrome associated with thrombosis. Alternative anticoagulation to heparin is needed for HIT patients during percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). We evaluated argatroban, a direct thrombin inhibitor, for anticoagulation in this setting. Ninety‐one HIT patients underwent 112 PCIs while on intravenous argatroban (25 μg/kg/min [350 μg/kg initial bolus], adjusted to achieve an activated clotting time of 300–450 sec). Primary efficacy endpoints were subjective assessments of the satisfactory outcome of the procedure and adequate anticoagulation during PCI. Among patients undergoing initial PCIs with argatroban (n = 91), 94.5% had a satisfactory outcome of the procedure and 97.8% achieved adequate anticoagulation. Death (zero patients), myocardial infarction (four patients), or revascularization (four patients) at 24 hr after PCI occurred in seven (7.7%) patients overall. One patient (1.1%) experienced periprocedural major bleeding. For patients who had subsequent hospitalizations (mean separation of 150 days) for repeat PCI using argatroban anticoagulation (n = 21), there were no unsatisfactory outcomes. Overall, outcomes were comparable with those historically reported for heparin. Argatroban therefore is a reasonable anticoagulant option in this setting, where current options are limited. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2002;57:177–184. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Phase II trial of irinotecan, paclitaxel and carboplatin in patients with previously untreated Stage IIIB/IV nonsmall cell lung carcinoma
Authors: Socinski Mark A. , Sandler Alan B. , Israel Valerie K. , Gillenwater Heidi H. , Miller Langdon L. , Locker Paula K. , Antonellini Alessandro , Elfring Gary L. , Natale Ronald B. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDThis Phase II multicenter, open‐label, single‐arm study evaluated the efficacy and safety of a three‐drug combination of irinotecan (CPT‐11), paclitaxel, and carboplatin in advanced nonsmall cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC).METHODSPatients received repeated 21‐day cycles at starting doses of paclitaxel 175 mg/m2 administered over 3 hours, followed by carboplatin AUC of 5 over 30 minutes and CPT‐11 at a starting dose level of 100 mg/m2 over 90 minutes, all given on the first day of each cycle. Patients were evaluated for objective tumor response, time to tumor progression (TTP), survival, and safety.RESULTSForty patients were enrolled. Baseline patient characteristics included: median age 58 years (range, 32–79); 23 males and 17 females; performance status of 0 (21 patients), 1 (18 patients), or 2 (1 patient); and Stage IIIB (10 patients) and Stage IV (30 patients) disease. A median of six cycles (range, one to eight) were administered. Grade 3–4 toxicities observed in ≥ 10% of the patients included neutropenia (78%), asthenia (20%), diarrhea (20%), nausea (18%), vomiting (13%), anemia (10%), and dyspnea (10%). Febrile neutropenia occurred in eight patients (20%), with one death due to neutropenic sepsis. Twelve of 38 evaluable patients had confirmed tumor responses (32%), while 21 (55%) had stable disease (including 12 patients [32%] with minor responses). Only 13% had disease progression at their initial tumor assessment. The median TTP and survival were 5.3 months (range, 0.03–6.2 months) and 12.5 months (range 0.3–28.6+ months), respectively. The one and two year survival probabilities were 0.50 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.28–0.73) and 0.21 (95% CI, 0.0–0.67), respectively.CONCLUSIONSThe combination of CPT‐11, paclitaxel, and carboplatin can be safely administered and is active in the treatment of advanced NSCLC. Based on the favorable survival outcome, this regimen is undergoing evaluation in prospective randomized trials. Cancer 2002;95:1520–7. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10852
Parental medication use and risk of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Wen Wanqing , Shu Xiao Ou , Potter John D. , Severson Richard K. , Buckley Jonathan D. , Reaman Gregory H. , Robison Leslie L. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDFew studies have examined the risk of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) associated with parental medication use. As part of a large case–control study conducted by the Children's Cancer Group, we evaluated the association between maternal and paternal medication use and the risk of ALL in offspring.METHODSInformation on selected medication use in the year before and during the index pregnancy was obtained by telephone interview. Participants included 1842 children of 14 years or younger with newly diagnosed and immunophenotypically defined ALL and 1986 individually matched controls. Data were analyzed using logistic regression models and stratified by immunophenotypes of ALL and age at diagnosis of cases.RESULTSAfter adjusting for potential confounders and other medication use, we found that maternal use of vitamins (odds ratio [OR] = 0.7, 99% confidence interval [CI]: 0.5–1.0) and iron supplements (OR = 0.8, 99% CI: 0.7–1.0) only during the index pregnancy was associated with a decreased risk of ALL. Parental use of amphetamines or diet pills and mind‐altering drugs before and during the index pregnancy was related to an increased risk of childhood ALL, particularly among children where both parents reported using these drugs (OR = 2.8, 99% CI: 0.5–15.6 for amphetamines or diet pills, OR = 1.8, 99% CI: 1.1–3.0 for mind‐altering drugs). Stratified analyses showed that maternal use of antihistamines or allergic remedies and parental use of mind‐altering drugs were strongly associated with infant ALL, whereas patterns of association between childhood ALL and parental medication use did not influence markedly the immunophenotypic subgroup of ALL.CONCLUSIONSThe findings of this study suggest that certain parental medication use immediately before and during the index pregnancy may influence risk of ALL in offspring. Cancer 2002;95:1786–94. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10859
Second malignant neoplasms in long‐term survivors of osteosarcoma
Authors: Aung LeLe , Gorlick Richard G. , Shi Weiji , Thaler Howard , Shorter Nicholas A. , Healey John H. , Huvos Andrew G. , Meyers Paul A. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe authors investigated the incidence and relative risk of secondary malignant neoplasms in long‐term survivors of osteosarcoma.METHODSA comprehensive list of 509 patients with primary osteosarcoma treated at our institution between February 1973 and March 2000 was identified. All study patients received chemotherapy and/or surgery on one of six different protocols (T4, 5, 7, 10, 12, and CCG‐7921/POG‐9351). Chemotherapy was scheduled for up to 40 weeks with some variations in the actual treatment period and consisted of various combinations of the following agents: high‐dose methotrexate, doxorubicin, bleomycin, cyclophosphamide, dactinomycin, vincristine, cisplatin, and ifosfamide.RESULTSSecondary malignant neoplasms (SMN) occurred in 14 of 509 patients. Only one had pulmonary metastasis at diagnosis and subsequent multiple recurrences that required thoracotomies and further modification of the chemotherapy regimen. The median age at diagnosis for osteosarcoma was 16.6 years (range, 3.1–74.4 years). The median follow‐up was 5.2 years (range, 0.1–25.0 years). The time interval from diagnosis of the primary osteosarcoma to the development of SMN was 1.3–13.1 years (median, 5.5; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.6–9.6). The most common SMN occurred in the central nervous system (n = 4): anaplastic glioma, meningioma, high‐grade glioma, and maxillary astrocytoma. There were two cases of acute myeloid leukemia and one case each of myelodysplastic syndrome, non‐Hodgkin lymphoma, high‐grade pleomorphic sarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, fibrosarcoma, breast carcinoma, and mucoepidermoid carcinoma. The overall 5 and 10‐year cumulative incidences of SMNs were 1.4% ± 1.1% and 3.1% ± 1.8%. The standardized incidence ratio was 4.6 (95% CI, 2.53–7.78, P = 0.00001) for the cohort and 3.64 (95% CI, 1.82–6.52, P = 0.0007) when patients with a history of retinoblastoma or Rothmund‐Thomson syndrome were excluded.CONCLUSIONSThe overall incidence of secondary malignancies in long‐term survivors of osteosarcoma was significantly higher than the expected incidence of cancer in the general population. However, the standardized incidence ratios were much lower than those reported for Hodgkin disease and retinoblastoma. Although additional follow‐up is warranted, the successes of current treatment regimens consisting of intensive, high‐dose chemotherapy in combination with topoisomerase II inhibitors outweigh the risks. Cancer 2002;95:1728–34. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10861