Perbedaan Faktor Risiko Obesitas di Pedesaan dan Perkotaan pada Orang Dewasa di Indonesia; Analisis Data Riskesdas 2018
Authors: Badriyah Lulu'ul , Ekaningrum Annisa Yuri 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Latar belakang: Obesitas menjadi tantangan besar masalah kesehatan masyarakat global yang terkait dengan peningkatan risiko penyakit. Tempat tinggal menjadi faktor risiko paling dominan berhubungan obesitas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan faktor risiko obesitas pada orang dewasa di Indonesia di pedesaan dan perkotaan.
Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder Riskesdas 2018. Populasi penelitian adalah seluruh individu berusia >18 tahun di Indonesia. Sampel penelitian adalah semua individu yang memiliki kelengkapan variabel penelitian yaitu ada 467.198 responden. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji Chi-Square.
Hasil: Hasil penelitian ditemukan bahwa faktor yang berhubungan dengan obesitas di perkotaan adalah jenis kelamin (0,001), umur (0,001), pendidikan (0,001), konsumsi makanan dan minuman manis (0,001), konsumsi minuman soft drink (0,001), konsumsi sayur dan buah (p=0,017, kebiasaan merokok (0,001), aktifitas fisik (0,004), dan depresi (0,002). Sedangkan faktor yang berhubungan dengan obesitas di pedesaan adalah jenis kelamin (0,001), umur (0,001), pendidikan (0,001), konsumsi minuman manis (0,001), konsumsi makanan berlemak/berkolesterol/gorengan (0,001), konsumsi minuman soft drink (0,001), kebiasaan merokok (0,001), aktifitas fisik (0,001), dan depresi (0,005).
Kesimpulan: Faktor risiko yang berhubungan dengan kejadian obesitas di Indonesia baik di pedesaan maupun perkotaan adalah jenis kelamin, umur, pendidikan, kebiasaan merokok, aktivitas fisik, depresi, dan pola makan. Perlu adanya peningkatan program pencegahan obesitas terutama edukasi gizi seimbang baik itu di pedesaan maupun di perkotaan.
Differences of Adults Obesity Risk Factors in Rural and Urban in Indonesia; an Analysis of Indonesia’s Basic Health Research 2018
Abstract
Background: Obesity is a major global public health challenge associated with an increased risk of disease. Place of residence is the most dominant risk factor related to obesity. This study aimed to determine the differences in risk factors for obesity in adults in Indonesia in rural and urban areas.
Methods: This study used secondary data of Riskesdas 2018. The research population was all individuals aged > 18 years in Indonesia. The research sample was all individuals who have complete research variables, namely there are 467,198 respondents. Furthermore, the data were analyzed using the chi-square test.
Result: This study found that the factors associated with obesity in urban areas were gender (0.001), age (0.001), education (0.001), consumption of sweet foods and drinks (0.001), consumption of soft drinks (0.001), consumption of vegetables and fruit (p = 0.017, smoking habits (0.001), physical activity (0.004), and depression (0.002).While factors related to obesity in rural areas were gender (0.001), age (0.001), education (0.001), consumption of sweet drinks ( 0.001), consumption of fatty/cholesterol/fried foods (0.001), consumption of soft drinks (0.001), smoking habits (0.001), physical activity (0.001), and depression (0.005).
Conclusion: Risk factors associated with the incidence of obesity in Indonesia, both in rural and urban areas, were gender, age, education, smoking habits, physical activity, depression, and eating patterns. Increasing obesity prevention programs, especially education on balanced nutrition, both in rural and urban areas, is urgently needed.