bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Left Bundle Branch Block in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Sign of Advanced Cardiovascular Involvement
Authors: Guzman Eliscer , Singh Narpinder , Khan Ijaz A. , Niarchos Andreas P. , Verghese Cherian , Saponieri Cesare , Singh Harinder K. , Gowda Ramesh M. , Vasavada Balendu C. , Cohen Ronny A. 
Published: October 2004

Objective: To evaluate left bundle branch block (LBBB) as an indicator of advanced cardiovascular involvement in diabetic (DM) patients by examining left ventricular systolic function and proteinurea. Methods: Data of 26 diabetic patients with left bundle branch block (DM with LBBB) were compared with data of 31 diabetic patients without left bundle branch block (DM without LBBB) and 18 nondiabetic patients with left bundle branch block (non‐DM with LBBB). The inclusion criteria were age >45 years, and diabetes mellitus type 2 of >5 years. Results: Mean ages of patients in DM with LBBB, DM without LBBB, and non‐DM with LBBB groups were 67 ± 8, 68 ± 10, and 65 ± 10 years, respectively (P = NS). Females were 65%, 61%, and 61%, respectively (P = NS). Left ventricular ejection fraction in DM with LBBB was significantly lower than in DM without LBBB and non‐DM with LBBB (30 ± 10% vs 49 ± 12% and 47 ± 8%, P < 0.01). Left ventricular end‐diastolic volume was significantly higher in DM with LBBB than in DM without LBBB and non‐DM with LBBB (188.6 ± 16.4 mL vs 147.5 ± 22.3 mL and 165.3 ± 15.2 mL, P < 0.03). Similarly, left ventricular end‐systolic volume was significantly higher in DM with LBBB than in DM without LBBB and non‐DM with LBBB (135.4 ± 14.7 mL vs 83.7 ± 9.5 mL and 96.6 ± 18.4 mL, P < 0.02). No statistically significant difference was seen in left atrial size. Proteinurea in DM with LBBB (79.4 ± 18.9 mg/dL) was significantly higher than in DM without LBBB (35.6 ± 8.5 mg/dL, P < 0.05) and non‐DM with LBBB (12 ± 3.5 mg/dL, P < 0.05); however, there was no significant difference in Hb A1c levels in DM with LBBB and DM without LBBB (9.01% vs 7.81%, P = NS). Conclusions: Left bundle branch block in diabetic patients indicates advanced cardiovascular involvement manifesting with more severe left ventricular systolic dysfunction and proteinurea compared to both diabetic patients without left bundle branch block and nondiabetic patients with left bundle branch block.
Estrogen and Progestin Use and the QT Interval in Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Kadish Alan H. , Greenland Philip , Limacher Marian C. , Frishman William H. , Daugherty Sandra A. , Schwartz Janice B. 
Published: October 2004

Objective: To determine whether menopausal hormone therapy alters the QT interval in primarily healthy postmenopausal women. Background: Despite well‐known gender differences in myocardial repolarization that include a longer heart‐rate‐corrected QT interval (QTC) in women compared to men, the effects of menopausal hormone therapy on myocardial repolarization in women have not been well characterized. Methods: We studied 34,378 postmenopausal women participating in the dietary intervention component of the Women's Health Initiative. Cross‐sectional associations were examined to assess possible effects of estrogen + progesterone on myocardial repolarization. Women who reported that they were never treated with menopausal hormone therapy (n = 12,451) were compared to women with a past use of menopausal hormone therapy (n = 3891), currently taking unopposed estrogen therapy (n = 9987), or combined current estrogen and progesterone therapy (n = 8049). Results: Using analysis of covariance, the mean (±SEM) QTC interval was 423.1 ± 0.2 milliseconds (ms) in those never treated with menopausal hormone therapy, 423.9 ± 0.3 ms in past menopausal hormone therapy users, 425.6 ± 0.2 ms in those currently on estrogen alone, and 424.0 ± 0.2 ms in women currently on combined estrogen–progesterone therapy. Differences in mean QTC between those on estrogen alone and the other three groups were statistically significant. Comparisons of JT intervals, QT intervals, and linear corrected QT intervals among the groups yielded similar results. Conclusion: These results suggest that unopposed estrogen in menopausal women mildly prolongs myocardial repolarization, and the effect is reversed by progesterone. Whether these findings have clinical significance requires further study.
New Criteria Based on ST Changes in 12‐Lead Surface ECG to Detect Proximal versus Distal Right Coronary Artery Occlusion in a Case of Acute Inferoposterior Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Fiol Miquel , Carrillo Andrés , Cygankiewicz Iwona , Ayestarán José , Caldés Onofre , Peral Vicente , Bethencourt Armando , Zareba Wojciech , De Luna Antoni Bayés 
Published: October 2004

Background: The outcome of patients with inferoposterior myocardial infarction (MI) due to occlusion of right coronary artery (RCA) depends mainly on the location of occlusion (distal vs. proximal). The aim of this study was to evaluate the value of new ECG criteria: the sum of ST depression in I and VL leads and ST changes in V1 lead to predict the location of RCA occlusion in the case of an inferoposterior MI. Methods: The ECG and angiographical findings of 50 patients with acute inferoposterior MI due to RCA occlusion were analyzed. The value of new criteria was studied alone and in combination to predict proximal versus distal RCA occlusion and compared with previously described criterion based only on ST changes in VL. Results: Isoelectric or elevated ST in V1 allowed predicting proximal RCA occlusion with 70% sensitivity and 87% specificity with high positive and negative predictive value (87% and 71%, respectively). The new criterion of the sum of ST depression in I and VL ≥ 5.5 mm compared to the criterion based only on ST depression in VL was also more specific (91% vs. 72%) for proximal RCA occlusion with better positive and negative predictive values. Conclusions: The new criterion based on the ST changes in V1 lead is highly accurate in detecting the location of occlusion in the RCA compared to the criteria based only on ST changes in lateral leads. The use of this criterion might increase the accuracy of ECG‐based identification of myocardial involvement in acute inferoposterior MI.
Long‐term vertical changes of the anterior maxillary teeth adjacent to single implants in young and mature adults
Authors: Bernard J. P. , Schatz J. P. , Christou P. , Belser U. , Kiliaridis S. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractAim: To evaluate the effects of the tooth eruption process on the position of teeth adjacent to implant‐borne restorations in adult patients compared to patients in their late adolescence.Subject and Methods: The sample included 28 patients divided into two groups. A “young adult” group consisting of 14 patients, aged from 15.5 to 21 years, and a “mature adult” group consisting of 14 patients, aged from 40 to 55 years. All patients presented missing anterior teeth, requiring insertion of 40 implant fixtures (16 central incisors, 12 lateral incisors, 12 canines). The implants were of the Straumann Dental Implant System, clinically and radiologically re‐evaluated 1 year or more after the surgical procedure (mean interval=4.2 years). Assessment of the eruption of the adjacent teeth was performed using the implant as a stable point of reference: measurements of the different reference points were compared after implant placement and at follow‐up examination.Results: In the “young adult” group, all patients showed infra‐occlusion of the implant‐supported crowns: the vertical step measured on radiographs varied between 0.1 and 1.65 mm. In the “mature adult” group, all patients showed a vertical difference between the teeth adjacent to the implant‐supported crown and the implant: the measured step ranged from 0.12 to 1.86 mm. No difference was found in the amount of vertical eruption between male and female patients, nor according to localization of the implant.Conclusion: Mature adults can exhibit major vertical steps after anterior restorations with osseointegrated fixtures to the same extent as adolescents or “young adult” individuals with residuous growth potential.
Long‐term stability of periodontal conditions achieved following guided tissue regeneration with bioresorbable membranes: case series results after 6–7 years
Authors: Stavropoulos Andreas , Karring Thorkild 
Published: October 2004

AbstractObjectives: To evaluate the results of guided tissue regeneration (GTR) treatment of intrabony defects with bioresorbable membranes after 6–7 years, and to disclose factors that may influence the long‐term outcome of the treatment.Methods: Twenty‐five defects in 19 patients were treated by means of polylactic acid/citric acid ester copolymer bioresorbable membranes. At baseline and after 1 and 6–7 years, the following parameters were recorded: (1) probing pocket depth (PPD), (2) gingival recession (REC), (3) probing attachment level (PAL)=PPD+REC, (4) presence/absence of plaque (PI), (5) presence/absence of bleeding on probing (BOP). Smoking habits and frequency of dental‐control visits were also recorded. Significance of differences between categorical variables was evaluated with McNemar's test, and between numerical variables with the t‐test for paired observations. Generalized linear models were constructed to evaluate the influence of various factors on PAL gain and PPD changes from 1 to 6–7 years. Association of smoking, frequency of dental controls, oral hygiene, and BOP with sites losing 2 mm in PAL was evaluated with Fisher's exact test.Results: At baseline, a mean PPD of 8.7±1.1 mm and a mean PAL of 9.8±1.5 mm was recorded. Statistically significant clinical improvements were observed at 1 and 6–7 years after GTR treatment. An average residual PPD of 3.8±1.1 mm and a mean PAL gain of 3.8±1.4 mm were observed after 1 year. After 6–7 years the corresponding values were 4.7±1.3 and 3.6±1.4 mm, respectively. There were no statistically significant differences between the 1‐ and the 6–7‐year values. At the 6–7‐year control, only 16% of the sites had lost 2 mm (maximum 3 mm), of the PAL gain obtained 1 year after GTR treatment. None of the sites had lost all of the attachment gained 1 year after treatment. Smoking, frequency of dental controls, oral hygiene, and BOP did not seem to influence the change of PPD and PAL gain, or the stability of PAL gain (i.e. losing PAL or not) from 1 to 6–7 years from treatment.Conclusion: Clinical improvements achieved by GTR treatment of intrabony defects by means of bioresorbable membranes can be maintained on a long‐term basis.
Periodontal attachment loss attributable to cigarette smoking in an urban Brazilian population
Authors: Susin Cristiano , Oppermann Rui V. , Haugejorden Ola , Albandar Jasim M. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractAims: The present study estimated the percentages of cases with severe periodontal attachment loss (PAL) attributable to cigarette smoking in a representative adult urban population in southern Brazil.Methods: A representative sample comprising 853 dentate individuals (age: 30–103 years) was selected by a multistage, probability sampling method. A full‐mouth clinical examination of six sites per tooth was performed and an interview using a structured written questionnaire was undertaken. Cases were defined as individuals with 30% teeth with PAL 5 mm. A multivariate logistic regression analysis for complex surveys was performed, and adjusted for age, gender, race, socioeconomic status and dental calculus.Results: The prevalence of cases in this population was 49.7%, or 739,000 subjects. Overall, 50.9% of this adult population, or approximately 757,000 subjects have had a lifetime exposure to cigarette smoking. Multivariate analysis showed that heavy and moderate smokers had a significantly higher risk for PAL 5 mm than non‐smokers (odds ratio=3.6, 2.0, respectively) after adjusting for the above covariates. We estimated that the number of moderate and heavy smokers with 30% teeth with PAL 5 mm might be reduced by approximately 28% and 48%, respectively, had they not smoked cigarettes. We project that a smoking cessation program could result in a reduction in the number of cases by up to 12% in this population, or approximately 90,000 potential cases.Conclusion: Cigarette smoking was strongly associated with severe attachment loss in this population. A significant percentage of cases may have been prevented if smoking cessation interventions had been implemented. The results support the implementation of population‐based smoking cessation programs to reduce the prevalence of severe attachment loss in populations with high level of smoking exposure.
Prognostic factors for alveolar regeneration: bone formation at teeth and titanium implants
Authors: Polimeni Giuseppe , Koo Ki‐Tae , Qahash Mohammed , Xiropaidis Andreas V. , Albandar Jasim M. , Wikesjö Ulf M. E. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractObjectives: There is a limited understanding of the effect of defect characteristics on alveolar bone healing. The objectives of this study were to assess the effect of alveolar bone width and space provision on bone regeneration at teeth and titanium implants, and to test the hypothesis that the regenerative potentials at teeth and implants are not significantly different.Methods: Critical size, 5–6‐mm, supra‐alveolar, periodontal defects were surgically created in 10 young adult dogs. Similarly, critical size, 5‐mm, supra‐alveolar, peri‐implant defects were created in four dogs. A space‐providing expanded polytetrafluoroethylene device was implanted for guided tissue regeneration/guided bone regeneration. The animals were euthanized at 8 weeks postsurgery. Histometric analysis assessed alveolar bone regeneration (height) relative to space provision by the device and the width of the alveolar crest at the base of the defect. Statistical analysis used the linear mixed models.Results: A significant correlation was found between bone width and wound area (r=0.55892, p<0.0001). Generally, bone width and wound area had statistically significant effects on the extent of bone regeneration (p<0.0005 and p<0.0001, respectively). Bone regeneration was linearly correlated with the bone width at periodontal (p<0.001) and implant (p=0.04) sites, and with the wound area at periodontal (p<0.0001) and implant (p=0.03) sites. The relationships of bone regeneration with these two variables were not significantly different between teeth and implants (bone width: p=0.83; wound area: p=0.09). When adjusted for wound area, bone regeneration was significantly greater at periodontal than at implant sites (p=0.047).Conclusions: The horizontal dimension of the alveolar bone influences space provision. Space provision and horizontal dimension of the alveolar bone appear to be important determinants of bone regeneration at teeth and implants. The extent of alveolar bone formation at implant sites is limited compared with that at periodontal sites.
Amine fluoride/stannous fluoride and incidence of root caries in periodontal maintenance patients
Authors: Paraskevas S. , Danser M. M. , Timmerman M. F. , Van Der Velden U. , Van Der Weijden G. A. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractAim: The purpose of the present study was to evaluate in a group of periodontal maintenance patients, the effect of using a dentifrice and mouthrinse containing amine fluoride (AmF) and stannous fluoride (SnF2) as compared with a dentifrice and mouthrinse both containing sodium fluoride (NaF) with regard to their root caries experience.Material: In total, 80 patients who had been treated for moderate‐to‐severe periodontitis agreed to participate in this study. Subjects received supportive periodontal therapy at regular intervals of 3–4 months for at least a period of 1 year. The patients were randomly divided into two groups: (1) the test group used an AmF/SnF2 dentifrice and mouthrinse and (2) the control group used an NaF‐containing dentifrice and mouthrinse. Root caries was recorded at four sites per tooth at baseline and 24 months.Results: An increase in number of the exposed root surfaces was noted for both groups during the experimental period (p<0.05). The mean number of active caries lesions at baseline was 2.1 and 1.8 for the test group and control group, respectively. At 24 months, the corresponding values were 1.8 for the test and 2.2 for the control group. An increase of the mean number of restored surfaces was noted for the AmF/SnF2 group (from 7.3 to 13.4) and the control group (from 7.9 to 14.7) during the course of the study. This increase was found to be statistically significant for both groups in comparison with the baseline values (p0.01). No statistically significant differences were noted between groups. Further analysis of the restored surfaces revealed that the major increase in number of the restorations was associated with restorations involving three to four root surfaces in the same tooth. Molars and premolars were the teeth receiving most new restorations.Conclusion: The present study did not detect a difference in terms of root caries development between the two groups. Root caries development is a common finding associated with surfaces developing recession in patients once treated for periodontal problems.
Myeloid‐related protein (MRP)8/14 (calprotectin) and its subunits MRP8 and MRP14 in plaque‐induced early gingival inflammation
Authors: Que May Lan , Andersen Elene , Mombelli Andrea 
Published: October 2004

AbstractBackground: The inflammatory myeloid‐related protein, MRP8/14, also called calprotectin, and its subunits MRP8 and MRP14 have been detected and identified recently in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF). It has been suggested that the type and phase of inflammation can be discriminated on the basis of differences in the expression of calprotectin and its subunits, released during activation and/or death of granulocytes and monocytes. The purpose of this study was to quantify calprotectin and its subunits (MRPs) simultaneously in the GCF during the initial phase of experimentally induced gingivitis, and to examine their inter‐ and intra‐individual variations.Material and Methods: Fifteen healthy non‐smoking subjects, aged 18–30, were involved in this study. An initial hygiene phase (days −11 to 0) was followed by 10 days of undisturbed plaque accumulation. At days −11, −3, 0, 10, 11, clinical parameters were recorded and GCF samples collected with Durapore strips from 12 sites in each subject. Quantitative analyses of total proteins, MRP8/14, MRP14 and MRP8 were performed by ELISA procedures.Results: During the experimental phase with no oral hygiene (days 0–10), the clinical parameters Plaque Index, Gingival Index (GI) and bleeding on probing increased as expected, confirming that plaque accumulation leads to gingival inflammation. Levels of the MRPs were individually variable. They increased with plaque accumulation in one‐half of the subjects, and decreased in the other subjects. The levels of MRP8/14 and MRP14 at subject recruitment (day −11) could predict a significant part of the GI at day 10. Only minute amounts of the subunits MRP8 and MRP14 were detected in comparison with the complex MRP8/14 throughout the experiment. Considerable variations were noted among sites within subjects.Conclusion: The expression of calprotectin in the early phase of experimental gingivitis is variable between subjects, and two groups of subjects can be differentiated according to their response patterns. Clinical parameters at the very first visit (day –11) seemed to be different in the two response groups. The results of the present investigation indicate that the inflammatory response to plaque accumulation depends on the initial status of the subjects, which may not be leveled out by the introduction of perfect oral hygiene. Whether these patterns reflect a different susceptibility to periodontal diseases remains to be determined.
The effect of periodontal treatment on the salivary bacterial load and early plaque formation
Authors: Dahan M. , Timmerman M. F. , Van Winkelhoff A. J. , Van der Velden U. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractAim: The purpose of the present study was to investigate in periodontitis patients the relationship between the number of bacteria in the saliva and the amount of de novo plaque formation before and after treatment.Methods: At baseline, before any treatment was provided, patients rinsed with 10 ml sterile saline. After professional tooth cleaning the patients were instructed to abolish all tooth cleaning procedures for the subsequent 24 h. After this period, the rinsing procedure was repeated and the amount of de novo plaque was assessed. Three months after the initial periodontal therapy was completed the experiment was repeated. The microbiological evaluation of the rinsing samples was carried out by means of phase contrast microscopy and anaerobic culturing.Results: After treatment the amount of de novo plaque was less compared to before treatment, 0.40 and 0.65 respectively. Both before and after treatment more de novo plaque was present at sites with inflammation than at healthy sites. In order to evaluate the contribution of the numbers of salivary bacteria to the amount of de novo plaque formation an analysis was carried out for healthy sites. This analysis included only healthy sites as determined before treatment and the same sites after treatment. The results showed a significant reduction in the de novo plaque formation after treatment (0.49 before and 0.22 after treatment). Phase contrast microscopic evaluation showed that the number of bacteria in the rinsing samples after treatment was less than before treatment. After treatment also a reduction was found in the prevalence of Prevotella intermedia, Tannerella forsythensis and Peptostreptococcus micros in the rinsing samples.Conclusion: The present study confirms the observation in the literature that the periodontal condition is of major importance in the rate of de novo plaque formation. In addition, the results suggest that the number of bacteria in the saliva may play a role.