bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alarming Increase of Azole-Resistant Candida Causing Blood Stream Infections in Oncology Patients in Egypt
Authors: El-Mahallawy Hadir A. , Abdelfattah Nesma E. , Wassef Mona A. , Abdel-Hamid Rasha M. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractCandidemia is a life-threatening invasive fungal infection in immunocompromised patients. The widespread use of azoles and the shift toward non-albicans Candida (NAC) species remarkably increase azole resistance in developing countries. We aimed to study candidemia trends and associated risk factors in oncology patients since they vary geographically, and rapid and appropriate treatment improves outcomes. Vitek 2 was used to identify the Candida species, and the E-test determined their susceptibility to azoles. Candida was the cause of 3.1% (n = 53/1701) of bloodstream infections (BSIs) during a 1-year study. Candida tropicalis was the most predominant species among the 30 candidemia episodes studied (36.7%), followed by C. albicans (33.3%). However, C. krusei, C. guilliermondii, C. pelliculosa, C. parapsilosis, C. famata, and C. inconspicua accounted for 30.0% of the isolates. An increased risk of NAC BSI was significantly associated with chemotherapy and leucopenia (P = 0.036 and 0.016, respectively). However, the multivariable analysis revealed that leucopenia was the only independent risk factor (P = 0.048). Fluconazole and voriconazole resistance were 58.3% and 16.7%, with NAC species showing higher resistance rates than C. albicans. Both fluconazole and voriconazole minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) median values were higher in NAC than in C. albicans, but only voriconazole was significantly higher (0.220 versus 0.048 μg/ml, P = 0.047). In conclusion, the increased prevalence of NAC BSIs and incredibly high fluconazole resistance rates in cancer patients emphasize the necessity of antifungal stewardship to preserve voriconazole effectiveness, continued surveillance of candidemia, and future studies into azole resistance molecular mechanisms.
ChatGPT makes medicine easy to swallow: an exploratory case study on simplified radiology reports
Authors: Jeblick Katharina , Schachtner Balthasar , Dexl Jakob , Mittermeier Andreas , Stüber Anna Theresa , Topalis Johanna , Weber Tobias , Wesp Philipp , Sabel Bastian Oliver , Ricke Jens , Ingrisch Michael 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Objectives
To assess the quality of simplified radiology reports generated with the large language model (LLM) ChatGPT and to discuss challenges and chances of ChatGPT-like LLMs for medical text simplification.

Methods
In this exploratory case study, a radiologist created three fictitious radiology reports which we simplified by prompting ChatGPT with “Explain this medical report to a child using simple language.” In a questionnaire, we tasked 15 radiologists to rate the quality of the simplified radiology reports with respect to their factual correctness, completeness, and potential harm for patients. We used Likert scale analysis and inductive free-text categorization to assess the quality of the simplified reports.

Results
Most radiologists agreed that the simplified reports were factually correct, complete, and not potentially harmful to the patient. Nevertheless, instances of incorrect statements, missed relevant medical information, and potentially harmful passages were reported.

Conclusion
While we see a need for further adaption to the medical field, the initial insights of this study indicate a tremendous potential in using LLMs like ChatGPT to improve patient-centered care in radiology and other medical domains.

Clinical relevance statement
Patients have started to use ChatGPT to simplify and explain their medical reports, which is expected to affect patient-doctor interaction. This phenomenon raises several opportunities and challenges for clinical routine.

Key Points
• Patients have started to use ChatGPT to simplify their medical reports, but their quality was unknown.
• In a questionnaire, most participating radiologists overall asserted good quality to radiology reports simplified with ChatGPT. However, they also highlighted a notable presence of errors, potentially leading patients to draw harmful conclusions.
• Large language models such as ChatGPT have vast potential to enhance patient-centered care in radiology and other medical domains. To realize this potential while minimizing harm, they need supervision by medical experts and adaption to the medical field.

Graphical Abstract
A Three-Dimensional Generalization of QRT Maps
Authors: Alonso Jaume , Suris Yuri B. , Wei Kangning 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWe propose a geometric construction of three-dimensional birational maps that preserve two pencils of quadrics. The maps act as compositions of involutions, which, in turn, act along the straight line generators of the quadrics of the first pencil and are defined by the intersections with quadrics of the second pencil. On each quadric of the first pencil, the maps act as two-dimensional QRT maps. While these maps are of a pretty high degree in general, we find geometric conditions which guarantee that the degree is reduced to 3. The resulting degree 3 maps are illustrated by two known and two novel Kahan-type discretizations of three-dimensional Nambu systems, including the Euler top and the Zhukovski–Volterra gyrostat with two non-vanishing components of the gyrostatic momentum.
Orientation Preserving Maps of the Square Grid II
Authors: Bárány Imre , Pór Attila 
Published: October 2023

AbstractFor a finite set $$S\subset {\mathbb {R}}^2$$

S
⊂

R

2

, a map $$\varphi :S\rightarrow {\mathbb {R}}^2$$

φ
:
S
→

R

2

is orientation preserving if for every non-collinear triple $$u,v,w\in S$$

u
,
v
,
w
∈
S

the orientation of the triangle u, v, w is the same as that of the triangle $$\varphi (u),\varphi (v),\varphi (w)$$

φ
(
u
)
,
φ
(
v
)
,
φ
(
w
)

. Assuming that $$\varphi :G_n\rightarrow {\mathbb {R}}^2$$

φ
:

G
n

→

R

2

is an orientation preserving map where $$G_n$$

G
n

is the grid $$\{0,\pm 1,\dots ,\pm n\}^2$$

{
0
,
±
1
,
⋯
,
±
n
}

2

and n is large enough we prove that there is a projective transformation $$\mu :{\mathbb {R}}^2\rightarrow {\mathbb {R}}^2$$

μ
:

R

2

→

R

2

such that $$\Vert \mu \circ \varphi (z)-z\Vert =O(1/n)$$

‖
μ
∘
φ
(
z
)
-
z
‖
=
O
(
1
/
n
)

for every $$z\in G_n$$

z
∈

G
n

.
Surgical treatment of retrorectal tumors: a plea for a laparoscopic approach
Authors: Galán Clara , Hernández M. Pilar , Martínez M. Carmen , Sánchez Anna , Bollo Jesús , Targarona Eduardo Mª 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Introduction
Retrorectal tumors (RRTs) are rare and often surgically excised due to the risk of malignant degeneration and compressive or obstructive symptoms. The approach for excision has traditionally been based on tumor location and performed using either a transabdominal or perineal approach depending on the position of the tumor. The advent of minimally invasive surgery, however, has challenged this paradigm. Here, we determined the applicability and potential advantages of a laparoscopic transabdominal approach in a series of 23 patients with RRTs.

Material and methods
We included 23 patients presenting with RRTs treated at the Surgical Gastrointestinal Unit at Hospital de Sant Pau that were registered prospectively since 1998. The preoperative evaluation consisted of colonoscopy, CT scan and/or MRI, mechanical bowel lavage, and antibiotic therapy. Signed consent was obtained from all patients for a laparoscopic transabdominal approach unless the tumor was easily accessible via a perineal approach. In case of recurrence, a transanal endoscopic microsurgery (TEM) approach was considered.
Surgical details, immediate morbidity, and short- and long-term outcomes were recorded.

Results
Of the 23 RRT cases evaluated, 16 patients underwent a laparoscopic transabdominal approach and 6 underwent a perineal approach. No patients required conversion to open surgery. In the laparoscopic transabdominal group, the mean operating time was 158 min, the average postoperative hospital stay was 5 days, and postoperative morbidity was 18%. Three patients had recurrent RRTs, two of the three underwent surgical reintervention. The third patient was radiologically stable and close follow-up was decided.

Conclusion
Our results show that laparoscopic transabdominal excision of RRT is a safe and effective technique, offering the potential advantages of less invasive access and reduced morbidity. This approach challenges the traditional paradigm of excision of these infrequent tumors based solely on tumor location and offers a viable alternative for the treatment of these infrequent tumors.
Promoting Peer Connectedness Through Social-Emotional Learning: Evaluating the Intervention Effect Mechanisms and Implementation Factors of a Social-Emotional Learning Programme for 9 to 12-Year-Olds
Authors: Pollak Isabella , Stiehl Katharina A. M. , Birchwood James , Schrank Beate , Zechner Kerstin Angelika , Wiesner Christian , Woodcock Kate Anne 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThere is little evidence regarding the effect mechanisms of social-emotional learning programs on children’s peer relationships. The current study evaluated a novel school-based social-emotional learning program for the first year of secondary school assessing effects on social-emotional skills, peer connectedness, happiness, student and teacher classroom climate. The sample included 19 intervention classrooms (n = 399) and 16 waitlist-control classrooms (n = 281), with a mean age of 10.34 (SD = 0.76) and 48.8% girls. The main intervention effect analysis followed a per-protocol approach and was thus conducted with eight classes that finished all sessions (n = 195) and the control group classes (n = 281). It was further hypothesized that increases in social-emotional skills would predict peer connectedness and class climate increases, which would predict happiness. Results indicated significant intervention effects for social skills, peer connectedness and happiness. Classroom climate declined for both groups, seemingly affected by the school transition. Hypothesized relationships between target variables were partly supported with significant effects of social-emotional skills on connectedness and significant effects of peer connectedness on happiness for children reporting connectedness decreases. Additional analyses were conducted including all classrooms to compare the intervention’s effectiveness across different implementation progress groups. Significant group differences were found, indicating that implementation aspects impact intervention outcomes. The findings indicate that universal, school-based social-emotional leaning programs are effective approaches to support peer relationships in the context of the school transition. However, more implementation support seems to be needed to ensure best-practice delivery and achieve maximal intervention effectiveness.
Skeletal remains of human perinatal individuals from the fortified Iberian Period settlement of Ca n’Oliver (6th century to 50 years BCE)
Authors: Rissech Carme , Witzel Carsten , Guardia Marc , López-Costas Olalla , Götherström Anders , Krzewińska Maja , Kırdök Emrah , Mendiela Susana , Merino Marta , Francès Joan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBurial customs in the Iberian Period (Iron Age II) included cremation. Only perinatal and newborn infants were buried directly beneath floor settlement. These infants represent the very few unburned human remains recovered from Iberian sites. The interpretation of these infant burials is in debate, focusing on whether they are unnatural or natural deaths. Our aim is to infer mortality patterns and developmental conditions of these individuals, in order to respond if infanticide was present in these assemblages. A large perinatal human skeletal sample from the Ca n’Oliver site (sixth century to 50 years BCE) from the Iberian Period of the northeast of the Iberian Peninsula was analysed, combining osteological methods together with tooth histology and aDNA analysis. Combining osteological and odontological estimates indicated ages between 22 and 42 weeks of gestation for 47 out of a total of 48 individuals. The remaining individual died at about 6 months after birth. Tooth height and enamel histology indicated in 9 out of a subgroup of 13 individuals a low probability of live birth. The remaining 4 individuals possibly survived birth for less than 2 months. According to morphological and molecular results, the sex ratio of this sample is approximately 1:1 male to female. The mortality distribution is consistent with natural mortality. These perinatal deaths were probably spontaneous abortions and neonatal deaths, reflecting an endogenous mortality profile due to genetic and maternal influences. The present study will serve to broaden our knowledge on perinatal individuals of the Iberian Period.
Vibrational spectroscopy and multiphoton microscopy for label-free visualization of nervous system degeneration and regeneration
Authors: Galli Roberta , Uckermann Ortrud 
Published: October 2023

AbstractNeurological disorders, including spinal cord injury, peripheral nerve injury, traumatic brain injury, and neurodegenerative diseases, pose significant challenges in terms of diagnosis, treatment, and understanding the underlying pathophysiological processes. Label-free multiphoton microscopy techniques, such as coherent Raman scattering, two-photon excited autofluorescence, and second and third harmonic generation microscopy, have emerged as powerful tools for visualizing nervous tissue with high resolution and without the need for exogenous labels. Coherent Raman scattering processes as well as third harmonic generation enable label-free visualization of myelin sheaths, while their combination with two-photon excited autofluorescence and second harmonic generation allows for a more comprehensive tissue visualization. They have shown promise in assessing the efficacy of therapeutic interventions and may have future applications in clinical diagnostics. In addition to multiphoton microscopy, vibrational spectroscopy methods such as infrared and Raman spectroscopy offer insights into the molecular signatures of injured nervous tissues and hold potential as diagnostic markers. This review summarizes the application of these label-free optical techniques in preclinical models and illustrates their potential in the diagnosis and treatment of neurological disorders with a special focus on injury, degeneration, and regeneration. Furthermore, it addresses current advancements and challenges for bridging the gap between research findings and their practical applications in a clinical setting.
Experienced Meditators Show Multifaceted Attention-Related Differences in Neural Activity
Authors: Bailey Neil W. , Baell Oliver , Payne Jake Elijah , Humble Gregory , Geddes Harry , Cahill Isabella , Hill Aron T. , Chung Sung Wook , Emonson Melanie , Murphy Oscar W. , Fitzgerald Paul B. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Objectives
Mindfulness meditation (MM) is suggested to improve attention. Research has explored this using the “attentional-blink” (AB) task, where stimuli are rapidly presented, and a second target stimulus (T2) is often missed if presented ~300 ms after an initial target stimulus (T1). Previous research has shown improved task accuracy during the AB task and altered neural activity following an intensive 3-month MM retreat. We tested whether these results replicated in a community sample of typical meditators.

Method
Thirty-one mindfulness meditators and 30 non-meditators completed an AB task while electroencephalography (EEG) was recorded. Between-group comparisons were made for task accuracy, event-related potential activity (posterior-N2 and P3b), theta and alpha oscillatory phase synchronisation to stimuli presentation, and alpha-power. The primary aim was to examine effects within the time windows reported in previous research. Additional exploratory aims assessed effects across broader time windows.

Results
No differences were detected in task accuracy or neural activity within our primary hypotheses. However, exploratory analyses showed posterior-N2 and theta phase synchronisation (where the phase of theta oscillations were synchronised to stimuli onset) effects indicating meditators showed a priority towards attending to T2 stimuli (p < 0.01). Meditators also showed more alpha-phase synchronisation, and lower alpha-power (with smaller amplitudes of activity in the alpha frequency) when processing T2 stimuli (p < 0.025).

Conclusions
Our results showed multiple differences in neural activity that suggested enhanced attention in meditators. The neural activity patterns in meditators aligned with theoretical perspectives on activity associated with enhanced cognitive performance. These include enhanced alpha “gating” mechanisms (where alpha activity acts as a filter between sensory and higher order neural processes), increased oscillatory synchronisation to stimuli, and more equal allocation of neural activity across stimuli. However, meditators did not show higher task accuracy, nor were the effects consistent with our primary hypotheses or previous research.

Preregistration
This study was not preregistered.
An algorithmic approach to solving split common fixed point problems for families of demicontractive operators in Hilbert spaces
Authors: Abass H. A. , Aphane M. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn this article, we propose a new iterative algorithm for solving split common fixed point problems for finite families of single-valued demicontractive mappings in the setting of real Hilbert spaces. In order to solve this problem, we introduce a Halpern method with with an Armijo-line search for approximating the solution of the aforementioned problems. We establish a strong convergence result of the proposed method and display some numerical examples to illustrate the performance of our main result. Our result complements and generalizes some related results in literature.
Environmental performance assessments of different methods of coal preparation for use in small-capacity boilers: experiment and theory
Authors: Kozlov A. N. , Maysyuk E. P. , Ivanova I. Yu. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe purpose of this article is to receive environmental assessments of combustion of different types of coal fuel depending on the preparation (unscreened, size-graded, briquetted and heat-treated) in automated boilers and boilers with manual loading. The assessments were made on the basis of data obtained from experimental methods of coal preparation and calculated methods of determining the amount of pollutant and greenhouse gas emissions, as well as the mass of ash and slag waste. The main pollutants from coal combustion are calculated: particulate matter, benz(a)pyrene, nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide. Of the greenhouse gases carbon dioxide is calculated. As a result of conducted research it is shown that the simplest preliminary preparation (size-graded) of coal significantly improves combustion efficiency and environmental performance: emissions are reduced by 13% for hard coal and up to 20% for brown coal. The introduction of automated boilers with heat-treated coal in small boiler facilities allows to reduce emissions and ash and slag waste by 2–3 times. The best environmental indicators correspond to heat-treated lignite, which is characterized by the absence of sulfur dioxide emissions.
Evaluation and identification of viruses for biocontrol of the ash dieback disease
Authors: Lutz Tobias , Ridley Maia , Hadeler Birgit , Schulz Barbara , Enderle Rasmus , Steinert Michael , Heinze Cornelia 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe invasive ascomycete Hymenoscyphus fraxineus is the causative agent for ash dieback on the European species Fraxinus excelsior and Fraxinus angustifolia, and there is concern that it is going to replace the native, closely related and nonpathogenic Hymenoscyphus albidus. Fungal management in forests is limited, and alternative approaches for control are needed. Within the scope of the project “FraxForFuture”, several strategies are being investigated. One idea comprises the use of a viral hyperparasite, which can induce a reduced virulence in the fungal host H. fraxineus in an antagonist-like system. This phenomenon, the reduction of fungal virulence by a viral infection, is known as hypovirulence, and a similar method has already been established to control the Chestnut Blight in Europe. We examined 34 isolates of H. fraxineus for both their virulence and presence of a viral infection. Although a predominant number of isolates were found to be infected with Hymenoscyphus mitovirus 1 (HfMV1), no additional viruses were detected, and our data did not indicate a link to reduced virulence. The search for a viral infection was extended to one isolate of H. albidus in which we found and characterized a novel mycovirus. Based on phylogenetic analysis and sequence properties, it was assigned to the genus Victorivirus in the family of Totiviridae and was tentatively denominated as Hymenoscyphus albidus victorivirus 1. This novel and native mycovirus might be suitable for inducing hypovirulence in H. fraxineus as a biocide.
Pseudo labelling workflow, margin losses, hard triplet mining, and PENViT backbone for explainable age and biological gender estimation using dental panoramic radiographs
Authors: Arian Md. Sahadul Hasan , Rakib Md. Tahmid Ahmed , Ali Samira , Ahmed Saif , Farook Taseef Hasan , Mohammed Nabeel , Dudley James 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis study aimed to estimate human age and gender from panoramic radiographs using various deep learning techniques while using explainability to have a novel hybrid unsupervised model explain the decision-making process. The classification task involved training neural networks and vision transformers on 706 panoramic radiographs using different loss functions and backbone architectures namely ArcFace, a triplet network named TriplePENViT, and the subsequently developed model called PENViT. Pseudo labeling techniques were applied to train the models using unlabeled data. FullGrad Explainable AI was used to gain insights into the decision-making process of the developed PENViT model. The ViT Large 32 model achieved a validation accuracy of 68.21% without ArcFace, demonstrating its effectiveness in the classification task. The PENViT model outperformed other backbones, achieving the same validation accuracy without ArcFace and an improved accuracy of 70.54% with ArcFace. The TriplePENViT model achieved a validation accuracy of 67.44% using hard triplet mining techniques. Pseudo labeling techniques yielded poor performance, with a validation accuracy of 64.34%. Validation accuracy without ArcFace was established at 67.44% for Age and 84.49% for gender. The unsupervised model considered developing tooth buds, tooth proximity and mandibular shape for estimating age within deciduous and mixed dentitions. For ages 20–29, it factored permanent dentition, alveolar bone density, root apices, and third molars. Above 30, it notes occlusal deformity resulting from missing dentition and the temporomandibular joint complex as predictors for age estimation from panoramic radiographs.
Graphical abstract
Convergence of Hyperbolic Neural Networks Under Riemannian Stochastic Gradient Descent
Authors: Whiting Wes , Wang Bao , Xin Jack 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWe prove, under mild conditions, the convergence of a Riemannian gradient descent method for a hyperbolic neural network regression model, both in batch gradient descent and stochastic gradient descent. We also discuss a Riemannian version of the Adam algorithm. We show numerical simulations of these algorithms on various benchmarks.