bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High-rate, high-resolution single photon X-ray imaging: Medipix4, a large 4-side buttable pixel readout chip with high granularity and spectroscopic capabilities
Authors: Sriskaran V. , Alozy J. , Ballabriga R. , Campbell M. , Christodoulou P. , Heijne E. , Koukab A. , Kugathasan T. , Llopart X. , Piller M. , Pulli A. , Sallese J.-M. , Tlustos L. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The Medipix4 chip is the latest member in the
Medipix/Timepix family of hybrid pixel detector chips aimed at
high-rate spectroscopic X-ray imaging using high-Z materials. It can
be tiled on all 4 sides making it ideal for constructing large-area
detectors with minimal dead area. The chip is designed to read out a
sensor of 320 × 320 pixels with dimensions of
75 μm× 75 μm or 160 × 160 pixels
with dimensions of 150 μm× 150 μm. The
readout architecture features energy binning of the single photons,
which includes charge sharing correction for hits with energy spread
over adjacent pixels. This paper presents the specifications,
architecture, and circuit implementation of the chip, along with the
first electrical measurements.
Semisolid extrusion 3D printing of Dolutegravir-Chitosan nanoparticles laden polymeric buccal films: personalized solution for pediatric treatment
Authors: Krishnan Priya Dharshini , Durai Ramya Devi , Veluri Sivanjineyulu , B Narayanan Vedha Hari 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
In this work, the semi solid extrusion 3D printing process was utilized to incorporate anti-HIV drug Dolutegravir and its nanoparticles into the buccal film (BF) that was fabricated using the developed polymer ink. The composite made of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and sodium alginate was processed into a 3D printing polymer ink with optimum viscosity (9587 ± 219 cP) needed for the seamless extrusion through the nozzle of the 3D printer. The formulated BFs were assessed for its physical properties like weight (0.414 ± 0.3 g), thickness (1.54 ± 0.02 mm), swelling index (18.5 ± 0.91%), and mucoadhesiveness strength (0.165 ± 0.09 N) etc, The structural integrity and the surface morphology of the developed BFs were investigated by scanning electron microscopy analysis. The chemical stability and the solid-state nature of the drug in the BFs were assessed by Fourier transform infrared and x-ray diffraction analysis respectively. Further the BFs were assessed for drug dissolution in-vitro and ex-vivo, to study the effect of polymer composition and printing condition on the dissolution profile of the drug in the simulated salivary fluid. The results demonstrated that the developed PVA based polymer ink for 3D printing utilizing pressure is a versatile approach in the context of manufacturing mucoadhesive BFs customized in terms of shape and the amount of drug loaded.
A facile method to fabricate versatile keratin cryogels for tissue engineering applications
Authors: Zhao Zhitong , Chua Huei Min , Lai Hui Ying , Ng Kee Woei 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Human hair keratin (HHK) has been extensively explored as a biomaterial for soft tissue regeneration due to their excellent bioactivity and biocompatibility. The possibility to fabricate HHK into three-dimensional (3D) hydrogels with physical properties resembling soft tissues has been well demonstrated. However, conventional keratin hydrogels often exhibit a dense architecture that could hinder cell filtration. In the present study, HHK-based cryogels were fabricated using a freeze-thaw (FT) method, where oxidized dopamine (ODA) was employed to covalently crosslink thiol/amine rich-keratin molecules at sub-zero temperatures. The obtained HHK-ODA cryogels have micron-sized pores ranging between 100 and 200 μm and mechanical properties that can be tuned by varying the crosslinking density between ODA and HHK. Through optimization of the weight content of ODA and the number of FT cycles, the compressive strengths and stiffnesses of these cryogels achieved 15-fold increments from ∼1.5 kPa to ∼22 kPa and ∼300 Pa to ∼5000 Pa, respectively. The HHK-ODA cryogels competently supported human dermal fibroblast spreading and proliferation. Overall, this study exhibited a facile method to fabricate mechanically superior keratin-based cryogels with cell compatible microarchitecture, circumventing the need for complicated chemical modifications and the use of cytotoxic crosslinkers.
Exploring the efficacy of tryptone-stabilized silver nanoparticles against respiratory tract infection-causing bacteria: a study on planktonic and biofilm forms
Authors: Pandey Pooja , Pradhan Sristi , Meher Kimaya , Lopus Manu , Vavilala Sirisha L 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) are a common cause of mortality and morbidity in the human population. The overuse of antibiotics to overcome such infections has led to antibiotic resistance. The emergence of multidrug resistant bacteria is necessitating the development of novel therapeutic techniques in order to avoid a major global clinical threat. Our study aims to investigate the potential of tryptone stabilised silver nanoparticles (Ts-AgNPs) on planktonic and biofilms produced by Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa). The MIC50 of Ts-AgNPs was found to be as low as 1.7 μg ml−1 and 2.7 μg ml−1 for K. pneumoniae and P.aeruginosa respectively. Ts-AgNPs ability to alter redox environment by producing intracellular ROS, time-kill curves showing substantial decrease in the bacterial growth and significantly reduced colony forming units further validate its antimicrobial effect. The biofilm inhibition and eradication ability of Ts-AgNPs was found to be as high as 93% and 97% in both the tested organisms. A significant decrease in the eDNA and EPS quantity in Ts-AgNPs treated cells proved its ability to successfully distort the matrix and matured biofilms. Interestingly Ts-AgNPs also attenuated QS-induced virulence factors production. This study paves way to develop Ts-AgNPs as novel antibiotics against RTIs causing bacterial biofilms.
Large deviations at level 2.5 and for trajectories observables of diffusion processes: the missing parts with respect to their random-walks counterparts
Authors: Monthus Cécile 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Behind the nice unification provided by the notion of the level 2.5 in the field of large deviations for time-averages over a long Markov trajectory, there are nevertheless very important qualitative differences between the meaning of the level 2.5 for diffusion processes on one hand, and the meaning of the level 2.5 for Markov chains either in discrete-time or in continuous-time on the other hand. In order to analyze these differences in detail, it is thus useful to consider two types of random walks converging towards a given diffusion process in dimension d involving arbitrary space-dependent forces and diffusion coefficients, namely (i) continuous-time random walks on the regular lattice of spacing b; (ii) discrete-time random walks in continuous space with a small time-step τ. One can then analyze how the large deviations at level 2.5 for these two types of random walks behave in the limits b → 0 and τ → 0 respectively, in order to describe how the fluctuations of some empirical observables of the random walks are suppressed in the limit of diffusion processes. One can then also study the limits b → 0 and τ → 0 for any trajectory observable of the random walks that can be decomposed on its empirical density and its empirical flows in order to see how it is projected on the appropriate trajectory observable of the diffusion process involving its empirical density and its empirical current.
Criteria for Davies irreducibility of Markovian quantum dynamics
Authors: Zhang Yikang , Barthel Thomas 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The dynamics of Markovian open quantum systems are described by Lindblad master equations, generating a quantum dynamical semigroup. An important concept for such systems is (Davies) irreducibility, i.e. the question whether there exist non-trivial invariant subspaces. Steady states of irreducible systems are unique and faithful, i.e. they have full rank. In the 1970s, Frigerio showed that a system is irreducible if the Lindblad operators span a self-adjoint set with trivial commutant. We discuss a more general and powerful algebraic criterion, showing that a system is irreducible if and only if the multiplicative algebra generated by the Lindblad operators La
and the operator

i
H
+

∑
a

L
a
†

L
a

, involving the Hamiltonian H, is the entire operator space. Examples for two-level systems, show that a change of Hamiltonian terms as well as the addition or removal of dissipators can render a reducible system irreducible and vice versa. Examples for many-body systems show that a large class of spin chains can be rendered irreducible by dissipators on just one or two sites. Additionally, we discuss the decisive differences between (Davies) reducibility and Evans reducibility for quantum channels and dynamical semigroups which has lead to some confusion in the recent physics literature, especially, in the context of boundary-driven systems. We give a criterion for quantum reducibility in terms of associated classical Markov processes and, lastly, discuss the relation of the main result to the stabilization of pure states and argue that systems with local Lindblad operators cannot stabilize pure Fermi-sea states.
Effect of Pruning in Coffee-Based Agroforestry System on Soil Chemical Properties
Authors: Kurniawan Syahrul , Muhammad Yusuf Adi Pujo Nugroho R , Nuklis Amelia , Dewanti Regina Wibowo Clara , Anggraini Fanny , Naufal Balangga Muhammad , Ayu Ardianti Arini , Indraningsih Bekti , Aisyawati Lina , Auliya Nugroho Gabryna 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The low coffee productivity in smallholder coffee-based agroforestry systems and soil fertility degradation indicate mismanagement in soil and plant systems. The study examined pruning management practices on soil chemical properties in smallholder coffee agroforestry systems. Different pruning management were examined on UB forest coffee-pine agroforestry, namely pruned pine and unpruned coffee (T1), unpruned pine and pruned coffee (T2), and unpruned pine and unpruned coffee (T3). Each treatment has four replications, a total of 12 plots (size 2×3 meters for each plot). Soil samples were taken from five sampling points in each plot, ranged between 0-50 cm from the coffee stems at two different soil depths (ie, 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm) in each plot. Unpruned pine and coffee pruned (T2) plots had 21% to 61% higher total N at 20-40 cm soil depth than the other plots. Meanwhile, total K, soil exchangeable K and Na were higher from 21% to 335% in plots with pine and coffee without pruning (T1) as compared to unpruned pine with pruned coffee (T2) and pine and coffee without pruning (T3), preferably at 0-20 cm soil depth. Lastly, the unpruned pine and unpruned coffee management (T3) had 98% to 162% higher soil exchangeable Ca and Mg at a depth of 0-20 cm as compared to the other plots. The study suggests that tree management can affect soil chemistry. The study also found differences in litter input and microclimate (i.e., temperature, moisture and humidity levels, both on soil and air) between plots which are potentially affected by decomposition rate of soil organic matter and nutrient mineralization.
Monitoring Behaviour Change of Farmers to Support Ecologically Friendly Agricultural Management Program in Peatland Ecosystems
Authors: Hutasuhut Junaidi , Lusiana Betha , Hartiyadi Romadhona , Isnurdiansyah  , Rahayu Subekti 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Conserving peatland areas requires the commitment and the capacities of all stakeholders, including farmers living within the areas. Two business models, agro-silvo-fishery and Trigona apiculture, have been established in a demonstration plot in the peatland ecosystem of Baru Village, Banyuasin, South Sumatra, as new options for farmers to improve livelihoods while also managing peatland sustainably. Trainings on sustainable production, post-harvest, and markets were provided to the rice-based farmers to help them manage new livelihood options. Monitoring the behavioural transformation of farmers engaged in the two business model pilots is a crucial aspect of the program. This is accomplished using the ADKAR approach, which posits that attaining long-term behavioural change involves progressing through stages of Awareness, Desire, Knowledge, Ability, and Reinforcement. A survey instrument was created to monitor farmers behaviour changes in (i) collective action, and (ii) managing agroecosystems sustainably, reflecting collaborative effort required to conserve peatland. Prior to the intervention program, a baseline survey (n=43) was conducted to record farmers’ current knowledge. The findings revealed that most farmers (60%) never joined a group but motivated to actively participate, whereas 25% of farmers had actively participated in groups and were eager to urge other farmers to join. Most farmers (52%) acknowledge the significance of safeguarding peatland areas but lack the knowledge to do so, whereas 25% have implemented ecologically friendly agricultural management in peatland areas. When the program began, none of the farmers were involved in agro-silvo-fishery or Trigona apiculture. According to a mid-program assessment aimed at recording the performance of the business models, 3 farmers have adopted apiculture with a total of 101 beehives. While none of the farmers adopt agro-silvo-fishery individually, 5 farmers produced organic fertilizer individually using the training program’s new competence. However, producing organic fertilizer as collective action was halted, suggesting farmers partiality to work individually rather than collectively. A final survey to assess behavioural changes is planned towards the end of the program next year. The ADKAR approach for monitoring farmers’ behavior change is useful for evaluating the performance of intervention programs and seek solutions to ensure it is aligned with the landscape level NRM goals.
Imaging through a multimode optical fiber with principal component analysis and a variational autoencoder
Authors: Yue Shichao , Che Zifan , Xu Minzhi 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Imaging through the multi-mode fiber (MMF) becomes an attractive approach for gaining visual access to confined spaces. However, current imaging techniques through a MMF still encounter challenges including modal dispersion, complex wave-front shaping mechanism, and expensive light sources and modulations. This work proposed a cost-efficient setup with three light-emitting diodes as the illumination light source (including red, green, and blue light) and a hybrid model including the principal component analysis and a variational auto-encoder (PCAVAE) for reconstructing the transmitted images. The reconstructed images demonstrate high fidelity compared with their ground truth images. The average similarity index value of the reconstructed images is as high as 0.99. Experimental works indicated that the proposed approach was capable of rejecting 10% white noise in the imaging process. The proposed triple-color illumination method paves a cost-effective way of transmitting images through an MMF. The PCAVAE model established in this work demonstrates great potential for processing scrambled images transmitted by the MMF.
Bi-directional high-order orbital angular momentum mode generation using gratings in high numerical aperture fiber
Authors: Koley Avijit , Mani Tripathi Saurabh 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
We propose a novel design and theoretically analyse it for bi-directional orbital angular momentum (OAM) mode generation in high numerical aperture (NA) optical fibers using the combination of a long period grating (LPG), a short-period (Bragg) grating and a three-port optical circulator. The proposed design consists only of standard fiber gratings rather than specially designed fibers, such as ring-shaped or other types of fibers, making our model relatively simple. Full-vector true-mode analysis has been used to study the modal characteristics of the supported modes in the high-NA fiber. High-NA optical fibers can effectively relieve the degeneracy of the linearly polarized modes. A circularly polarized (CP) light is injected into a single mode fiber, the output end of which is axially spliced into a high-NA fiber. An appropriately designed raised-cosine apodized tilted LPG (TLPG) is used for broad bandwidth coupling of the fundamental HE11 mode to the co-propagating HE21 mode. The employed TLPG converts the CP fundamental core mode (HE

11

x

± iHE

11

y

) to ±1 order OAM modes (HE

21

e
v
e
n

± iHE

21

o
d
d

). Both the CP mode and the generated OAM pass through the circulator in the direction of port 1 to port 2. A second fiber is connected at the output of port 2 and a tilted fiber Bragg grating (TFBG) is used to couple the forward-propagating HE11 core mode with the counter-propagating HE21, EH11 and HE31 core modes. The TFBG reflected higher order (±1 and ±2) OAM modes are transmitted through port 3. We observe that the TFBG has a mode-conversion efficiency of more than 95

%

for each mode conversion. The generated vortex beam topological charges have been verified using the coaxial interference method.
A five-band terahertz metamaterial absorber with properties of polarization-insensitive and wide-angle tolerance based on bulk Dirac semimetal
Authors: Qin Xuefeng , Jiang Jieying , Duan Guiyuan , Xu Chongyang , Zhang Xiangyang , Zhu Huaxin , Huang Yang , Xu Nianxi , Wang Ben-Xin 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
We design a bulk Dirac semimetal (BDS) metamaterial-based terahertz absorber consisted of a BDS layer, a dielectric layer and a gold grounding layer from top to bottom, which produces five excellent terahertz absorption peaks having 99.55%, 99.63%, 99.65%, 97.72%, and 99.87% absorption at 0.49 THz, 0.85 THz, 1.68 THz, 2.00 THz, and 2.27 THz, respectively. The five-band BDS-based absorber is polarization-insensitive and wide-angle tolerance, with good absorption in the incident angle range of 0°–60°. The tuning of the Fermi energy level of BDS in the range of 40–70 meV enables the dynamic adjustment of absorption frequencies and absorption rates of these peaks. We also analyze the refractive index sensing sensitivity of five-band BDS-based absorber, it is revealed that when the refractive index of surrounding analyte is changed from 1.0 to 1.8, the refractive indices of the five absorption peaks are 57.75 GHz/RIU, 107.25 GHz/RIU, 101.75 GHz/RIU, 101.75 GHz/RIU, and 134.75 GHz/RIU, which approximately exhibit an enhanced sensing sensitivity as the absorption frequency increases. The design is simultaneously characterized by multiple bands, high absorption, high stability,and high refractive index sensitivity, which should have great potential for application in the fields of terahertz technology.
Improving orbital angular momentum mode transmission with imperfect ring–core fiber
Authors: Wang Xiaohui , Yu Yongze , Deng Dongdong , Mao Shuai , Wang Yang , Gu Haoyu , Song Yingxiong , Pang Fufei , Zhuang Liyun , Yang Song , He Xiaofeng , Wang Chao , Zhu Tiezhu , Yang Yudong 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Orbital angular momentum (OAM), inherent to light beams characterized by helical phase fronts, represents an alternative spatial degree of freedom for photons. In recent years, OAM-based communication has gained significant attention as a potential solution to increase the capacity and spectral efficiency of optical fiber communication systems. In optical fibers, OAM modes can be generated and manipulated by utilizing specialized optical components and techniques. One approach involves using specially designed optical fibers, such as ring–core fibers, which have the capability to support multiple OAM modes. In the manufacturing process, the ring fiber is hardly made perfectly, especially the doped-cores. The introduced defect breaks the symmetry of the ring–core, which has a serious impact on OAM mode transmission. Using a material with a slightly higher refractive index than the cladding to wrap the ring–core is effective in reducing impairment of defects. After numerical simulation, the proposed method improves the walk-off length by a factor of 2–40.
The Sublime of Consciousness
Authors: Niikawa Takuya , Kriegel Uriah 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The aesthetic tradition has identified as paradigmatically sublime such objects as imposing mountains and intense storms, as well as monumental art. But the tradition also acknowledges less paradigmatic cases, including sometimes mathematical structures or abstract concepts. In this paper, we argue that there is also a case for considering phenomenal consciousness—the experiential quality of subjective awareness—as a sublime phenomenon. One appreciates this, we argue, when one is struck by (fitting) awe upon contemplating (a) the perplexing existence of something like phenomenal consciousness in an otherwise completely material universe and (b) the role of consciousness in injecting meaning and value in an otherwise brutally factual reality.
Neurocognitive Concussion Test Performance for Student Athletes on the Autism Spectrum
Authors: Fontanals Joseph , McCleery Joseph P , Schatz Philip 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Objective
To examine baseline neurocognitive functioning among adolescent athletes on the autism spectrum based on self-reported level of academic performance.

Method
Participants in this cross-sectional, observational study were 6,441 adolescent athletes with a self-reported diagnosis of autism who completed pre-season neurocognitive testing using Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing (ImPACT); 4,742 reported a co-occurring learning disorder (LD), and 6,612 individuals without autism or LD were included as a control group. The majority (57%) self-reported Average Academic Performance, 39% Above Average, and 4% Below Average performance.

Results
Athletes with self-reported autism (with or without LD; 12.2%) were 2.74x (95% CI: 2.17–2.82) more likely to fall below cutoffs for ImPACT Embedded Invalidity Indicators (EVIs), with a significant interaction between self-reported Diagnosis and Academic Performance; individuals with co-occurring autism and LD who reported Below Average Academic Performance had the greatest likelihood of scoring below cutoffs (22%), followed by ASD without LD (14.8%) and Controls (14.6%) with Below Average Academic Performance. Analyses of variance (ANOVAs) revealed main effects of Diagnosis and Academic Performance on neurocognitive performance, with interactions on all ImPACT Composite Scores except Processing Speed.

Conclusion
Athletes with self-reported ASD are more likely to fall below ImPACT EVIs and score worse on ImPACT, with greater likelihood/worse performance related to level of academic functioning. Academic performance should be considered when interpreting neurocognitive testing data, to best index neuropsychological functioning associated with concussion in this population. The current findings highlight the importance of individual participant baseline neuropsychological testing for individuals on the autism spectrum.