bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phaeacians and Euboeans: Greeks Overseas
Authors: Dougherty Carol 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
For the Phaeacians have no steersmen, nor any rudders, as other ships have. But the ships themselves know the thoughts and minds of men, and they know the cities and fertile fields of all mankind, and they cross the expanse of the sea swiftly, covered with mist and cloud. The invention of the ship traditionally marks with pessimism, or at least some trepidation, the fall of the Golden Age and the beginning of New World voyages of exploration. The Phaeacians, however, famous for their nautical expertise, seem able to occupy a place where these two worldviews converge. It is now time to look back at my discussion of the Phaeacians and their role in accommodating and articulating the ethnographic imagination of the Odyssey. In this section, we turn from thinking about Odysseus’ raft and sailing as a literary and cultural metaphor in the Odyssey to look at the representations of the brave new worlds that Odysseus encounters on his overseas voyages. I began, in chapter 4, by asking why Phaeacia and the court of Alcinous are chosen as the narrative setting for Odysseus’ famous travel tales. Why should Odysseus recount his travels at this point, at the site of his final adventure, rather than, as we might expect, after he has returned home? Perhaps more important, what does it mean for the poem’s audience-both the Greeks and us-to be seated next to the king and queen of Phaeacia rather than beside Penelope and Telemachus in Ithaca as we listen to Odysseus’ tales of bloodthirsty cannibals, seductive.
Brain Organization And Neurobehavioral And Neurocognitive Function
Authors: Taylor Michael Alan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The cerebral hemispheres in humans have different specializations and information processing styles (Table 1.1). Knowing these different processing styles helps determine the side of a brain lesion because the different processing styles and specializations affect behavior differently. A helpful metaphor for hemisphere specialization is a train station. Think of the left hemisphere as a train station with one track, so that only one train at a time can enter the station. This forces the left hemisphere to look into each train car (in which metaphorical information is being carried), one car at a time. Tedious and focused, the left hemisphere is very good at detail and is able to analyze and make inferences from that information. For example, if car one has 2 bits of information and car two 4 bits, the functioning left hemisphere will reason that car three is likely to have 6, 8, or 16 bits and, based on what that car actually has in it, the left hemisphere will then know the rule (adding twos, doubling or squaring the number). In contrast, the right hemisphere is like a train station into which several trains can enter simultaneously. Although the right hemisphere can be forced to look at each car in the sequential fashion of the left, it is not good at this. It is best at rapid scanning of information to detect broad patterns, or gestalts (for example: the trains are coming in fast or slowly or there are many trains, or only a few).
Patient Management
Authors: Taylor Michael Alan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The principles of management apply equally to biological and interpersonal treatments. Whether you prescribe psychotherapy or electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), do not begin treatment until you have made your best diagnostic effort and you have considered factors that influence treatment (e.g., the patient’s personality and likelihood of compliance, cognitive function and intelligence, interpersonal and job situations, general medical health, and specific strengths and weaknesses in each domain). The need to diagnose before treatment is obvious. Sometimes, however, this is not fully accomplished, and targeted symptoms (e.g., psychosis, excitement, trouble keeping a job) get treated rather than the processes underlying the symptoms. The problems with this “target symptom” approach are discussed in the pharmacology section of this chapter.
Aches And Pains, Sex And Sleep, And Violence
Authors: Taylor Michael Alan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Patients with behavioral disorders often complain of sleep problems, headache, and other aches and pains. Sexual dysfunction is a side effect of many psychotropic drugs, and sexual dysfunction is both a sign of disease (e.g., some frontal lobe and epileptic conditions) and a DSM category (e.g., paraphilia). Violence is also a feature of several behavioral syndromes, but may also be a primary behavioral pattern. Each of these topics could fill books, but are covered together here for brevity and because of their common diagnostic challenge: Do they represent a primary condition, or are they features of another disorder? Successful management hinges on knowing the answer to this question. Persistent complaints of headache, other aches and pains, and sleep problems also lead to suffers being labeled “cranks” or “hypochondriacs.” Occasionally, however, these isolated complaints are caused by a debilitating condition. Table 16.1 provides an overview of this chapter, displaying some of the common associations between these complaints and diseases.
Justice, Caring, Responsibility
Authors: Buchanan David R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This final chapter turns to a discussion of values that matter. Up to this point, nc attempt has been made to specify any such values. The preceding pages have put forward the idea that human well-being is characterized by living a life of integrity, as individuals and as a society. We flourish as human beings through living lives in accordance with values of human significance, but there is no one single conception of the good life. The values that people consider significant are plural and not necessarily harmonious nor compatible with one another. The tragedy of the human condition flows from the fact that often we must choose between conflicting goods and values that irreconcilably tug on our conscience. In these situations, we must use judgment, making qualitative discriminations of worth, with insight and sensitivity to the specific context and our clearest, most refined interpretation of the good to be achieved and the values that bear on the situation. We must exercise the faculty of practical reason to make the best decision in light of the particular circumstances.
Discovery
Authors: Sudhalter Richard M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
John Porter Foley had every reason to be happy. Since 1896, his first year as a student at Indiana University, he’d held the post of campus electrician and “mechanician.” Any problem with an electric or mechanical device and—well, just find Mr. Foley. He’d know what to do. So it was that when, on Saturday, January 20, 1906, the bells for the university’s brand-new clock tower finally arrived, John Porter Foley oversaw their installation. They’d been expected in mid-December, in plenty of time to be mounted, adjusted, and rung out on New Year’s Eve. The McShane Bell Company of Baltimore had shipped them on time, but something had gone wrong in transit, and they’d arrived a month late, much to the chagrin of school adn1inistrators.
Bix
Authors: Sudhalter Richard M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
It’s Tuesday, May 6, 1924, and in Richmond, Indiana, in a single-story, gray wooden building by a spur of the Chesapeake and Ohio railroad line, Ezra Wickemeyer completes one last check of his recording equipment. In the next room, plainly visible through an aperture in the dividing wall, seven young men are setting up musical instruments. The cornet player, a pleasant, sandy-haired lad, flashes him a smile. Nearly ready.
Bread, Gravy, and Cream
Authors: Sudhalter Richard M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Eva Ford replaced the telephone receiver and stood for a moment, lost in thought. A songwriter, newly discharged from Flowers Fifth Avenue Hospital, needed home care. One of her friends, a nurse, had been offered the job but couldn’t take it. Would Eva fill in for her? She’d come down to New York after graduation from high school in Cambridge, near Boston, to take up nursing, and this was definitely a nursing opportunity: she couldn’t very well turn it down without at least giving it a chance.
Movie Star
Authors: Sudhalter Richard M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
To Have and Have Not had shown Hollywood casting directors they had a bankable character actor in Hoagy Carmichael. Offers for new pictures began arriving at 10281 Charing Cross Road, always for-as Hoagy rather wryly put it— “the hound-dog-faced old musical philosopher noodling on the honky-tonk piano, saying to a tart with a heart of gold: ‘He’ll be back, honey. He’s all man.’ “
Ev’ntide
Authors: Sudhalter Richard M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Slowly, reluctantly, like a piece of precision machinery turning over despite an encrustation of rust, Hoagy Carmichael’s songwriting mind kept working; the melodies might be harder to find now, fewer and farther between. But he was still reaching. Whatever they had or hadn’t been, the glory days were long gone. No effort by Hoagy Bix, Nacio Herb Brown, Howie Richmond, or anyone else who still believed in Hoagy Carmichael would change that, or revive a market where none now existed.
Primary Photochemical Processes in Some Important Light-Absorbing Products of Atmospheric Oxidation of the Alkenes
Authors: Calvert J G , Atkinson R , Kerr J A , Madronich S , Moortgat G K , Wallington, T J , Yarwood G 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Many of the first-generation products of the atmospheric oxidation of alkenes act as additional sources for ozone generation and promote other atmospheric processes, not only by their reactions with OH, N03, and03 molecules, but also by their photodecomposition in the sunlight to generate radical products. In this chapter, a review and an evaluation are given of the quantum yields of the primary photochemical processes (¢) and the absorption cross sections (a) for several of the most common first-generation products of alkene atmospheric oxidation. The solar actinic flux (F) at visible and ultraviolet wavelengths drives the photodissociation processes. The wavelength-dependent quantities (¢, a, and F) are therefore required to estimate the extent of photodissociation for each
Mantel Tests: Spatial Structure in Field Experiments
Authors: Fortin Marie-Josée , Gurevitch Jessica 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Landscapes are composed of mosaics of patches, with different degrees of spatial autocorrelation within and among them. The phenomenon of spatial autocorrelation, the spatial dependence of the values of a variable, has been widely reported (chapter 15; Cliff and Ord 1981; Upton and Fingleton 1985; Legendre and Fortin 1989). Positive spatial autocorrelation may result from the microenvironment or from dispersal of offspring near the maternal parent, among other causes. Negative spatial autocorrelation may result, for example, from competition for resources.
Democratic Deliberation: The Problem of Implementation
Authors: Bell Daniel A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The most influential political philosophers today divide their work into two tasks. The first task is to present and rigorously defend morally desirable political principles, and the second is to think about how to implement them. Quite often, the first task proves to be overwhelming, and it is left to others to think about feasibility. The problem, of course, is that the political principles often prove to be useless or counterproductive in practice, which undermines the first task. One might have thought that the political principles themselves should be assessed partly by the extent to which they can be usefully implemented in practice, but philosophical purists seem to worry about the possible implication that there may not be one unique, universally applicable, and eternally valid set of political principles.
Democratic Disagreement
Authors: Gutmann Amy , Thompson Dennis 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
What is the value of deliberative democracy? What are its limits? The thoughtful commentaries in this volume help us answer these questions more fully than we did in Democracy and Disagreement. The first group of commentators calls into question the desirability of deliberation. In reply, we develop our views about the value of deliberation. The second group agrees that deliberation is desirable, and some of these commentators even call for a greater role for deliberation than we defend. In reply, we examine the limits of deliberation. Although we cannot address every point made by every commentator, we try to address the most challenging issues and to proceed throughout in the spirit of deliberative democracy, seeking agreement where it is possible and maintaining mutual respect where it is not.
Defining and Measuring Quality of Life in Palliative Care
Authors: Cohen S Robin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Palliative care is “the active total care of patients whose disease is not responsive to curative treatment. Control of pain, of other symptoms, and of psychological, social, and spiritual problems, is paramount. The goal of palliative care is achievement of the best quality of life (QOL) for patients and their families.”1 Therefore, if palliative care providers wish to evaluate the full impact of their care, they must measure changes in QOL as well as improvements in areas specifically targeted by particular interventions (e.g., pain; depression).
Analogy
Authors: Hallett Garth L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Like most, Owen regards the argument from analogy as the chief support for belief in other minds. Like most, he construes the analogy in terms of behavior. Like many, he recognizes no similar argument (“by the analogy of the immediately felt relation between our own acts and their mental source”) for God. His remarks therefore suggest a framework for this chapter’s comparative inquiry. First, does the argument from analogy suffice to “justify the ‘moral certainty’ which accompanies our intuition” of other minds? Second, does no similar argument hold for God? How great, in fact, is the alleged disparity? The focus here, as throughout this inquiry, will be epistemological, not psychological.
Good and Evil
Authors: Hallett Garth L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
With regard to good and evil, two related issues must be distinguished: the validity of the teleological argument for God’s existence and the validity of the argument from evil against God’s existence. The connections of these two questions to each other and to our comparative inquiry can be sketched, in first outline, as follows: (1) A satisfactory explanation of all the world’s evils would doubly strengthen the case for God’s existence, both by reinforcing the teleological argument on the one hand and by removing the objection from evil on the other. So doing, it would greatly reinforce Plantinga’s hypothesis that belief in God is epistemically comparable to belief in other minds, for little or no teleological evidence backs many an other-minds belief (for instance, my belief in Mrs. M’s love). Even limited explanatory success might bolster Plantinga’s thesis to some extent; however, given our cognitive limitations and the complexity of the universe, it appears unlikely that we humans could succeed in providing a detailed, compre hensive explanation of all evils.
The Dhammapada
Authors: Kupperman Joel J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
If the central thesis of the Upanishads is easy to summarize (atman is Brahman), so also is the central claim of early Buddhist philosophy. It is anatman: there is no atman. The Dhammapada centers a picture of what we are like, and of what the world is like, on this claim. This metaphysics is opposite to that of Hindu philosophy. Where the Upanishads sees the world as most profoundly a unity, Buddhist philosophy sees it as a swirl of fragments, linked by causal relations and by other associations. Not only is there no atman, there also is no Brahman. The two traditions share a scorn of egoism and individual ism. But the grounds are very different. In the view of the Upanishads, there are no differences among individuals in ultimate reality, because there really are no individuals. The Buddhist view is that there are differences, but (understood properly) they are largely matters of convention and are unimportant.
The Bhagavad Gita
Authors: Kupperman Joel J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Buddhism and Buddhist philosophy had a great impact on India, becoming strongly competitive with Hinduism and the philosophy of the Upanishads, and eventually (but only for a while) gaining the upper hand. Hinduism, though, had considerable vitality left in it. Plainly part of the appeal of Buddhism, especially close to the grassroots level, was that it offered possibilities of life, including a feeling of connectedness with others, that seemed richer to many than the austere withdrawal mandated for those who really took seriously the ethics of the Upanishads. The Bhagavad Gita presents a philosophy of Hinduism that in a way meets this Buddhist challenge, by also offering greater possibilities, including the possible combination of spiritual enlightenment with active participation in the world. The philosophy of the Bhagavad Gita at the deepest level agrees with that of the Upanishads. It remains the case that atman is Brahman. It also remains the case that liberation can be achieved by an austere and difficult full realization of this. However, the Bhagavad Gita goes beyond these claims, offering a rich menu of options for arriving at a life consonant with the identity of atman and Brahman. In the new dispensation, there are multiple forms of the ethical ideal instead of a single ideal. In the process, the Bhagavad Gita presents a subtle psychology of action and of love, and a dramatic vision of how some one can be in the world and yet not really in it.
The Zhuangzi
Authors: Kupperman Joel J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Zhuangzi, also known as Chuang-tzu, very probably was a real person, who lived in the fourth century BCE.The book to which his name is attached has accretions that stamp it as the work of many hands. Scholars sometimes isolate within the Zhuangzi (Chuang-Tzu) what are called the “Inner Chapters” (chapters I through 7), which are viewed as a core early text and also as exceptionally vivid presentations of the point of view of the book. That point of view may not be entirely evident right away to the first-time reader. The book is fanciful, and there are many digressions and changes of tone. The overall impression may be of someone who is clever and is fooling around. There are works (the eighteenth century novel Tristram Shandy is an example) whose “unity” is their disunity, their lack of discursive integration; and the Zhuangzi may seem to be one of these works. Nevertheless, I wish to suggest that at least the Inner Chapters are in their way highly integrated, with no words wasted and no line of thought as random as it may look. There is a consistent set of philosophical positions and implicit arguments for these. Read right, the Zhuangzi is real philosophy--although it also is a lot of fun and is a strangely beautiful book.
Zen Flesh, Zen Bones
Authors: Kupperman Joel J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Zen Flesh, Zen Bones is a collection of anecdotes and incidents connected with Zen Buddhism, many of them several hundred years old and originating in China. Most in fact represent Chinese Chan Buddhism, which in Japan became known as Zen. They are pungent, frequently amusing, and to all appearances not at all systematic. In this chapter we will explore them along with a classic Chan text, the Platform Sutra, that is in a way systematic. Here is a story from Zen Flesh, Zen Bones. It is No. 1 in The Gate less Gate, the second part of the book. A monk asks a Chinese Chan/Zen master whether a dog has Buddha nature or not. The master replies “mu,” which means something like “nothingness”. Six paragraphs of comment follow, which basically say that this is an extremely important problem. Great energy and persistence are required to penetrate the meaning of “mu,” but if you can do it this will transform your life.
Introduction
Authors: Van Norden Bryan W 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The similarities continue. Although all three were literate, perhaps all highly so, neither Confucius, nor Jesus, nor Socrates left behind any of his own writings. We know each only through the later writings of his admirers and detractors. In addition, each had a distinctive, charismatic, and complex personality. These three common features have made each the object of love, hatred, admiration, denigration, and debate for over two millennia.1
Conformity, Individuality, and the Nature of Virtue: A Classical Confucian Contribution to Contemporary Ethical Reflection
Authors: Wilson Stephen A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
There can be no happy outcome in the contemporary debate that pits the priority of individual fulfillment against more traditional claims about the distinctive benisons of shared sources of meaning. This is, at least partly, because there are at least two different kinds of human flourishing, each one being raised up by one side or the other as the comprehensive human good. One kind of flourishing involves the distinctive development of what is unique to each individual agent as irreplicable subject. Although the total content of our identities may be ultimately unknowable,1 most advocates of this view allow agents some substantive insights into their personalities—enough, in any case, to give determinate content to notions of self-interpretation. Another kind of flourishing stems from what given communities take human beings to be in some universal sense (given human nature, basic human capabilities, and so on). The successful formation of communally valued character traits is thought to enable participants to fulfill the highest possibilities afforded by that (or any) community’s way of life. Both forms of flourishing represent very significant goods, and both are, in my judgment, indispensable to a nuanced understanding of the fullest human potential. To slight either, as both sides of the contemporary debate slight one or the other, is not only to impoverish ethical reflection but also to falsify human experience.
Childhood (1906–1919)
Authors: Fay Laurel E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Though the Shostakovich family was of Polish-Lithuanian extraction, the composer’s immediate forebears came from Siberia. His paternal grandfather, Boleslav Petrovich Shostakovich, had been exiled there in 1866 in the crackdown that followed Dmitriy Karakozov’s assassination attempt on Tsar Alexander II. After the expiration of his term of exile Boleslav Shostakovich decided to remain in Siberia. He eventually became a successful banker in Irkutsk and raised a large family. His son, Dmitriy Boleslavovich Shostakovich, the composer’s father, was born in exile in Narïm in 1875 and attended St. Petersburg University, graduating in 1899 from the faculty of physics and mathematics. After graduation, he went to work as an engineer under Dmitriy Mendeleyev at the Bureau of Weights and Measures in St. Petersburg. In 1903, he married Sofya Vasilyevna Kokoúlina, another Siberian transplant to the capital.
Conservatory (1919-1926)
Authors: Fay Laurel E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
n the immediate postrevolutionary period, the Petrograd Conservatory changed little from prerevolutionary days. At the helm of the institution, Alexander Glazunov, prodigious late-nineteenth-century composer turned respected administrator, was a living link to the venerable traditions of Rimsky-Korsakov and the golden age of Russian music. He provided a source of continuity and stability for the institution through uncertain times. Glazunov’s tireless devotion to the cause of professional music, his active involvement in all aspects of Conservatory life, and his magnanimous disregard for his personal tastes in the identification and advancement of gifted youth earned him the universal respect and affection of students and colleagues.