bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predictors for readmission risk of new patients: the Nordic Comparative Studyon Sectorized Psychiatry
Authors: Øiesvold T. , Saarento O. , Sytema S. , Vinding H. , Göstas G. , Lönnerberg O. , Muus S. , Sandlung M. , Hansson L. 
Published: March 2003

Objective: Predictors for readmission risk were investigated in this study, which forms part of the Nordic Comparative Study on Sectorized Psychiatry. Method: Included were a total of 837 consecutive ‘new’ patients (not in contact with the psychiatric services for at least 18 months) admitted to in‐patient stay during a period of 1 year to seven psychiatric hospitals in four Nordic countries. Results: Multivariate survival analyses showed that younger age predicted increased readmission risk. Stratifying on gender, diagnostic group and sector revealed a general pattern concerning age which was the only consistent main effect. Living alone and unemployed increased readmission risk in the non‐psychosis group, while receipt of aftercare decreased readmission risk in the psychosis group. A curvilinear relationship was found between availability of psychiatric resources and readmission risk: an intermediate amount of resources was associated with increased risk. Conclusion: Our findings support a hyphothesis that readmission risk is multifactorially determined and that interactions have to be considered.
Effect of number of episodes on wellbeing and functioning of patients with bipolar disorder
Authors: MacQueen Glenda M. , Young L. Trevor , Robb Janine C. , Marriott Michael , Cooke Robert G. , Joffe Russell T. 
Published: March 2003

Objective: To examine the relationship between number of episodes and inter‐episode functioning in bipolar disorder. Method: Sixty‐four euthymic subjects with bipolar affective disorder completed the Medical Outcomes Questionnaire Short Form and the Global Assessment of Functioning Scale. Goodness‐of‐fit models were used to define the relation between episode number and level of function. Results: Non‐linear logarithmic and power relations best described the association between number of episodes and outcome. Number of past depressions was a stronger determinant of outcome than past manias. Conclusion: Strategies to minimize the number of episodes experienced by patients with bipolar illness must be pursued aggressively if function is to be maintained, with particular attention given to minimizing episodes of depression.
Excess cancer mortality in Western Australian psychiatric patients due to higher case fatality rates
Authors: Lawrence D. , D'Arcy C. , Holman J. , Jablensky A. V. , Threfall T. J. , Fuller S. A. 
Published: March 2003

Objective: To investigate the association between mental illness and cancer incidence, mortality and case fatality. Method: A population‐based record linkage study was undertaken based on 172 932 patients of mental health services in Western Australia. Records of mental health service contacts were linked with cancer registrations and death records. Results: While there was little difference in overall cancer incidence rates between psychiatric patients and the general community (RR in males 1.05, 95% CI 1.02–1.09, RR in females 1.02, 0.98–1.05), cancer mortality was 39% higher in males (95% CI: 32–46%) and 24% higher in females (17–32%). Conclusion: People with mental illness in Western Australia do not show an increased incidence rate of cancer, but do have higher cancer mortality. This was attributed to a higher cancer case fatality rate among people with mental illness.
Systemic lupus erythematosus presenting as mania
Authors: Khan S. , Haddad P. , Montague L. , Summerton C. 
Published: March 2003

Objective: Psychiatric manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are well recognized but usually occur in the later stages of the illness, with organic syndromes being the most common. This case highlights the fact that SLE can present with mania. Method: Single case report. Results: A 32‐year‐old woman was admitted to hospital with her first manic illness. Physical examination and investigations revealed her to be suffering from SLE although this had not been previously diagnosed. Her physical and psychiatric symptoms settled rapidly following treatment with prednisolone and chlorpromazine. Conclusion: The case emphasizes the polymorphous manifestations of SLE and the importance of considering physical disorders in patients with a first episode of psychosis.
Mania: differential effects of previous depressive and manic episodes onresponse to treatment
Authors: Swann A. C. , Bowden C. L. , Calabrese J. R. , Dilsaver S. C. , Morris D. D. 
Published: March 2003

Objective: We compared effects of previous depressive or manic episodes on antimanic response. Method: In‐patients in a parallel‐groups, double‐blind comparison of lithium, divalproex or placebo for manic episodes had comprehensive evaluations of illness history. We used non‐linear curve fitting of change in Manic Syndrome Score (MSS) of the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia (SADS) versus previous depressive or manic episodes to investigate their relationships to MSS improvement. Results: Response to lithium, but not to divalproex or placebo, worsened with increased depressive or manic episodes. More than 11 manic, or four depressive, episodes was associated with response to lithium that did not differ from placebo. Effects of previous depressive and manic episodes appeared independent, and could not be accounted for by increased rapid cycling or mixed states. Conclusion: At least four previous depressive or 12 previous manic episodes are associated with reduced antimanic response to lithium.
Are fish oils an effective therapy in mental illness — an analysis of the data
Authors: Maidment Ian D. 
Published: March 2003

Objective: To review the literature regarding the use of fish oils in the treatment of psychiatric illness. Method: A Medline search was conducted in September 1999. Results: Five papers have investigated omega‐3 fatty acids levels in depression. One study used omega‐3 fatty acids as an adjunctive therapy in bipolar disorder. Four studies used fatty acids as an adjunctive therapy in schizophrenia. Conclusion: There is a great deal of current research in this field. While omega‐3 fatty acids levels may be lowered in depression, there are no data suggesting that omega‐3 fatty acids are effective. One paper indicates that omega‐3 fatty acids are effective in bipolar disorders. The data on schizophrenia are conflicting. Omega‐3 and omega‐6 fatty acids have proved effective. Most of the evidence suggests that the main effect is an improvement in negative symptoms. One recent study showed that omega‐3 fatty acids had no effect on negative symptoms.
Brain imaging in childhood‐ and adolescence‐onset schizophrenia associated with obsessive‐compulsive symptoms
Authors: Aoyama F. , Iida J. , Inoue M. , Iwasaka H. , Sakiyama S. , Hata K. , Kishimoto T. 
Published: March 2003

Objective: Childhood‐ and adolescence‐onset schizophrenic patients with obsessive‐compulsive symptoms (OCS) constitute a specific subgroup of schizophrenia. We performed magnetic resonance imaging in this group seeking evidence of neurodevelopmental insults. Method: Thirty‐two schizophrenic patients were compared with 19 controls. Schizophrenic subjects were divided into 15 patients with OCS (SOCS+ group; onset at 15.5±1.6 years) and 17 without OCS (SOCS− group; onset at 15.3±1.3 years). Areas of the hippocampus, frontal lobe, corpus callosum and putamen were analysed morphometrically. Results: The left hippocampus was significantly smaller in the SOCS+ group than in the SOCS− and control groups. Conclusion: Reduced size of the left hippocampus in the SOCS+ group supports a neurodevelopmental etiology in this subgroup.
Seasonal variation in hospital admission for bipolar disorder, depression and schizophrenia in Tasmania
Authors: Daniels B. A. , Kirkby K. C. , Mitchell P. , Hay D. , Mowry B. 
Published: March 2003

Objective: Seasonal variation has been reported for both affective disorders and schizophrenia. The current study examines seasonal variation in admissions in schizophrenia, depression and bipolar disorder in Tasmania, the southernmost state of Australia. Method: All admissions with a diagnosis of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and depression in Tasmania between 1983 and 1989 were examined for evidence of seasonal variation in admission patterns. Results: Using the modified Kolmogorov–Smirnov statistic defined by Freedman no significant seasonal variation was found in admissions with diagnoses of mania, depression or schizophrenia. There was a significant seasonal variation in admissions with schizoaffective disorder (winter peak). Conclusion: There is no significant seasonal variation in admissions with schizophrenia, depression or bipolar disorder in Tasmania. This may be due to a combination of geographical location and the stringent test of seasonal variation used in the current study.
Delusion and desire: erotomania revisited
Authors: Kelly B. D. , Kennedy N. , Shanley D. 
Published: March 2003

Objective: This paper examines the phenomonology in a case of erotomania and reviews classical and contemporary treatment options. Method: A case of primary erotomania is described. Results: Treatment with hospitalization and risperidone produced rapid clinical improvement. Conclusion: Atypical antipsychotic drugs may be useful in the treatment of this interesting syndrome.
Suicide attempts and personality disorder
Authors: Suominen Kirsi H. , Isometsä Erkki T. , Henriksson Markus M. , Ostamo Aini I. , Lönnqvist Jouko K. 
Published: March 2003

Objective: The purpose of the present study was to compare clinical characteristics of suicide attempters with or without personality disorders. Method: A systematic sample (n=114) of patients from consecutive cases of attempted suicide referred to general hospitals in Helsinki was interviewed and diagnosed according to DSM‐III‐R. Forty‐six subjects with DSM‐III‐R personality disorders were identified and divided into clusters A (n=4), B (n=34) and C (n=8). These subjects were compared with 65 suicide attempters without personality disorders in terms of clinical characteristics and treatment received. Results: Suicide attempters with personality disorders more often had a history of previous suicide attempts and lifetime psychiatric treatment than comparison subjects. However, suicide attempts did not differ in terms of suicide intent, hopelessness, lethality or impulsiveness between subjects with or without personality disorders. Conclusion: Although suicidal behaviour is a more persistent feature among those with personality disorders, their clinical characteristics at the time of a suicide attempt may not differ from those without personality disorders.
Granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor plasma levels during clozapine‐ and olanzapine‐induced granulocytopenia
Authors: Schuld Andreas , Kraus Thomas , Hinze‐Selch Dunja , Haack Monika , Pollmächer Thomas 
Published: March 2003

Objective: Recent case studies suggest that impaired granulopoiesis, well‐known to occur during clozapine treatment, may also be observed when olanzapine is administered. The underlying mechanisms are unknown, but haematopoietic cytokines such as granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor (G–CSF) are likely to be involved. Method: We measured the plasma levels of G–CSF and of other cytokines longitudinally in a female patient who developed granulocytopenia twice, first during clozapine treatment and again when olanzapine was administered. Results: G–CSF levels, but not those of other cytokines, closely paralleled granulocyte counts, yielding a significant positive correlation. G–CSF was not detectable in plasma when granulocytopenia occurred. Granulocytopenia resolved spontaneously despite continuing treatment with olanzapine. Conclusion: The present case suggests that clozapine and olanzapine both are able to induce transient granulocytopenia through a similar or common mechanism that does not involve a compensatory increase in G–CSF levels.
The 12‐month prevalence and risk factors for major depressive episode in Finland: representative sample of 5993 adults
Authors: Lindeman Sari , Hämäläinen Juha , Isometsä Erkki , Kaprio Jaakko , Poikolainen Kari , Heikkinen Martti , Aro Hillevi 
Published: March 2003

Objective: This study reports the 12‐month prevalence of major depressive episode and its risk factors in a representative nationwide sample. Method: A random sample of non‐institutionalized Finnish individuals aged 15–75 years (N=5993) was interviewed in 1996. Major depressive episode during the last 12 months was assessed using the Short Form of the University of Michigan version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (the UM‐CIDI Short Form). Results: The population prevalence of major depressive episode was 9.3% [95% CI 8.5,10.0], and the age‐adjusted prevalences for females and males were 10.9% [95% CI 9.7,12.0] and 7.2 [95% CI 6.2,8.2], respectively. In logistic regression analyses the factors associated with major depressive episode after adjustment for age were urban residency, smoking, alcohol intoxication and chronic medical conditions. In addition, being single and obese were found to be risk factors for males. Conclusion: The female to male risk ratio for major depressive episode was smaller than in many previous studies. The sex‐specific risk factor associations warrant further investigation into sex differences in depression.
Swedish universities Scales of Personality (SSP): construction, internal consistency and normative data
Authors: Gustavsson J. Petter , Bergman Hans , Edman Gunnar , Ekselius Lisa , Von Knorring Lars , Linder Jürgen 
Published: March 2003

Objective: A thorough revision of the Karolinska Scales of Personality (KSP) was made by reducing the number of items and improving the psychometric quality as concerns face validity, internal consistency and response differentiation. The revised version was labelled The Swedish universities Scales of Personality (SSP) and now include 91 items divided into 13 scales. Method: The SSP were evaluated in a normative, randomly drawn sample (n=741). All scales were found to be approximately normally distributed. Results: The Cronbach's α coefficients ranged from 0.59 to 0.84. The mean inter‐item correlations (MIIC) ranged from 0.17 to 0.43. The scale intercorrelation matrix yielded a three‐factor solution with Factor 1 reflecting Neuroticism; Factor 2 Aggressiveness; and Factor 3 reflecting Extraversion. Conclusion: The original KSP scales were revised, shortened, modernized and psychometrically evaluated. The psychometric properties and the usefulness of the test battery were found to be substantially improved.
Prospective evaluation of circulatory levels of catecholamines and serotonin in neuroleptic malignant syndrome
Authors: Spivak Baruch , Maline Dimitri I. , Vered Yaffa , Kozyrev Vladimir N. , Mester Roberto , Neduva Sender A. , Ravilov Renat S. , Graff Eran , Weizman Abraham 
Published: March 2003

Objective: Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) may be associated with a dysregulation of the catecholaminergic and serotonergic systems. The objective of the present study was to evaluate prospectively the circulatory levels of serotonin (5‐HT), epinephrine (E) and dopa in patients suffering from NMS. Method: Platelet‐poor plasma (PPP) levels of serotonin, epinephrine and dopa in eight NMS patients were measured twice: in the acute state and in the state of remission. Results: PPP dopa concentration was significantly lower in acute NMS state compared to the remission state (P=0.023). In contrast, PPP E level was significantly higher (P=0.019) in the acute NMS state and PPP 5‐HT concentrations in the acute state tended to be higher than those at remission (P=0.078). 5‐HT/dopa ratio was significantly higher in the acute NMS (P=0.015). Conclusion: These results may reflect reduction in dopaminergic function and increase in adrenergic and serotonergic activity in the acute NMS state.
Age‐related change in personality disorder trait levels between early adolescence and adulthood: a community‐based longitudinal investigation
Authors: Johnson Jeffrey G. , Cohen Patricia , Kasen Stephanie , Skodol Andrew E. , Hamagami Fumiaki , Brook Judith S. 
Published: March 2003

Objective: To investigate change in personality disorder (PD) traits between early adolescence and early adulthood among individuals in the community. Method: PD traits were assessed in 1983 (mean age=14), 1985–86 (mean age=16) and 1992 (mean age=22) in a representative community sample of 816 youths. Results: Overall, PD traits declined 28% during both adolescence and early adulthood. PD traits were moderately stable during the first 2‐year interval, and were as stable as they have been reported to be among adults over similar intervals. PD trait stability declined slightly as the inter‐assessment interval increased. Adolescents with PDs tended to have elevated PD traits during early adulthood. Conclusion: PD traits tend to decline steadily in prevalence during adolescence and early adulthood. However, adolescents with PDs often have elevated PD traits as young adults, and the stability of PD traits appears to be similar during adolescence and early adulthood.
The relationship of symptoms and level of functioning in schizophrenia to general wellbeing and the Quality of Life Scale
Authors: Norman Ross M.G. , Malla Ashok K. , McLean Terry , Voruganti L. Panth N. , Cortese Leonard , McIntosh Elizabeth , Cheng Stephen , Rickwood Ann 
Published: March 2003

Objective: Reports suggesting that quality of life in schizophrenia is more highly related to negative rather than positive symptoms are largely based on use of the Quality of Life Scale which was devised to assess deficit symptoms and does not include an assessment of subjective general wellbeing. In the current paper we examined symptoms, level of community functioning as well as living circumstances as correlates of Quality of Life Scale scores and scores on the General Well‐Being Scale. Method: One hundred and twenty‐eight patients completed the General Well‐Being Scale and were rated on the Quality of Life Scale as well as scales assessing positive and negative symptoms. Results: While negative symptoms, level of functioning and positive symptoms all were related to the scores on the Quality of Life Scale, General Well‐Being Scale scores were primarily related to positive symptoms, particularly reality distortion. Conclusion: The results highlight the importance of recognizing the complex nature of the concept of quality of life. They demonstrate that varying indices of quality of life are likely to have different predictors.
Emerging homosexual conduct during hospitalization among chronic schizophrenia patients
Authors: Bai Ya‐Mei , Huang Ying , Lin Chao‐Cheng , Chen Jen‐Yeu 
Published: March 2003

Objective: The study investigated the emerging homosexual conduct during hospitalization among chronic schizophrenia patients. Method: We interviewed 55 male and 58 female chronic schizophrenic patients to investigate their sexual history before and after admission. Those patients were under 45 years old, without significant deteriorated cognitive function, lived in a homogeneous gender chronic ward and did not demonstrate homosexual behaviour before admission. Results: Nineteen patients (16.8%) reported having homosexual conducts during hospitalization. Their characteristics were: 1) having sexual experience before admission; 2) with younger age at first sexual experience; and 3) female patients having more sexual partners before admission. Conclusion: A significant proportion of patients need a sexual outlet during long‐term hospitalization. Sexual education and counselling are greatly needed.
The relationship between depressive and vital exhaustion symptomatology post‐myocardial infarction
Authors: Wojciechowski F.L. , Strik J.J.M.H. , Falger P. , Lousberg R. , Honig A. 
Published: March 2003

Objective: Many peri‐myocardial infarction patients experience decreased wellbeing, which is either conceptualized as depression or as vital exhaustion. The objective of the present study is to investigate whether or not depression and vital exhaustion are separate entities. It was hypothesized that, if depression and vital exhaustion are separate phenomena, the correlation between two depression questionnaires would be higher than those between either of the two depression questionnaires and a vital exhaustion questionnaire. Method: Subjects were 143 patients who had recently experienced a first acute myocardial infarction (MI). At 1, 3, 6 and 12 months post‐MI, patients completed two self‐report depression questionnaires (the Zung‐SDS and the Depression scale of the SCL‐90), and a vital exhaustion questionnaire (the Maastricht Questionnaire). Correlation coefficients were calculated for the two depression questionnaires and the vital exhaustion questionnaire. Furthermore, an exploratory principal component analysis was performed on the combined items of the three questionnaires. Results: Strong and virtually identical correlations were found between the three measures at all four time‐points. A one‐factor model was the best fit in the exploratory principal component analysis. Conclusion: The present results do not support the hypothesized separate conceptual identity of depression and vital exhaustion.
Augmentation with sulpiride for a schizophrenic patient partially responsiveto clozapine
Authors: Stubbs Jean H. , Haw Camilla M. , Staley Christopher J. , Mountjoy Christopher Q. 
Published: March 2003

Objective: Schizophrenic patients who are only partially responsive to clozapine pose a therapeutic challenge. In these circumstances some clinicians would consider adding in a second antipsychotic. We present a case report and review evidence for the efficacy of such augmentation strategies. Method: Single case report and literature review. Results: The total number of patients in studies and case reports of combining clozapine with other antipsychotics is small. There has been only one randomized controlled trial. This found the addition of sulpiride to clozapine resulted in clinical improvement in some patients. Conclusion: Further randomized controlled studies of augmentation of clozapine therapy are needed to provide scientific justification for this clinical practice.
On the role of cortical glutamate inobsessive‐compulsive disorder and attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder, two phenomenologically antithetical conditions
Authors: Carlsson Maria L. 
Published: March 2003

Objective: The objective of the present study was to compare the phenomenology and pathophysiology of obsessive‐compulsive disorder (OCD) and attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder/deficits in attention, motor control and perception (ADHD/DAMP). Method: Through detailed studies of the literature on OCD and ADHD/DAMP the phenomenology of these two conditions is compared, and possible underlying pathophysiological mechanisms involving interactions between glutamate, dopamine, serotonin and acetylcholine are discussed, with emphasis on OCD. The present paper also discusses possible mechanisms of action for current pharmacological treatments of OCD and ADHD, as well as possible future treatment strategies for these disorders. Results: OCD and ADHD/DAMP are common neuropsychiatric conditions which in many regards appear to be each other's antipodes with respect to clinical manifestations, associated personality traits and brain biochemistry, notably prefrontal cortical glutamate activity. Future pharmacological treatments of these disorders may involve manipulations with glutamate, dopamine D1, serotonin 2A and nicotine receptors. Conclusion: It appears that OCD is a hyperglutamatergic and ADHD a hypoglutamatergic condition, with prefrontal brain regions being especially affected.