bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Listening to the voice of the customer is the key to QVC's success
Authors: Schwarz Anne 
Published: November 2004

AbstractQVC, Inc., the world's preeminent electronic retailer, with round‐the‐clock televised home‐shopping shows 364 days a year, ships a staggering 100 million packages annually to millions of customers. Customer trust, satisfaction, and loyalty are the bedrock on which this enormously successful company has been built, and the voice of the customer speaks loudly at QVC. The company has made both a science and an art of capturing, understanding, and responding to customer input, which it leverages—along with world‐class customer service—to create hordes of loyal, satisfied customers. © 2004 QVC, Inc.
Fibroblast growth factor 17 is over‐expressed in human prostate cancer
Authors: Heer R , Douglas D , Mathers ME , Robson CN , Leung HY 
Published: November 2004

AbstractOver‐expression of fibroblast growth factor 8 (FGF8) in human prostate cancer is associated with clinically aggressive disease. Among different members of the FGF family, FGF17 and FGF8 share high sequence homology and have similar patterns of expression during embryogenesis. In this study, the clinical significance of FGF17 expression and its in vitro function in prostate cancer cells were tested. Forty resected prostate specimens from patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH, n = 12) and prostate cancer (CaP, n = 28; Gleason sum scores 3–10) were studied using semi‐quantitative RT‐PCR. In addition, 85 cases of CaP (Gleason sum scores 5–9) and 20 cases of BPH were examined using immunohistochemistry and findings were correlated with clinical parameters. In vitro experiments using prostate cancer cell lines examined the functional significance of FGF17 in prostate cancer. These studies revealed a significant linear correlation between increasing Gleason sum scores and FGF17 expression using both immunohistochemistry (p < 0.0001, ρ = 0.99) and RT‐PCR (p = 0.008, ρ = 0.99). Immunohistochemistry demonstrated upregulation of FGF17 in CaP compared with BPH (p < 0.0001) and, when comparing high‐grade CaP (Gleason sum score 7–10) with BPH, RT‐PCR showed a fourfold upregulation of FGF17 mRNA expression (p < 0.0001). Men with tumours displaying high levels of FGF17 expression had a worse outcome on survival analysis (p = 0.044) and a higher risk of progression with metastases (p < 0.0001). Proliferation assays showed low‐dose recombinant (r) FGF17 (1 ng/ml) to be a more potent mitogen than rFGF1 and rFGF8 in prostate cancer cell lines (LNCaP, DU145, and PC3M) (p < 0.001). Furthermore, FGF8 was shown to induce expression of FGF17 in these cell lines. These data support a role for FGF17, and a model of co‐expression of multiple FGFs, with FGF17 as a potential mediator of FGF8 function, in human prostate carcinogenesis. Copyright © 2004 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hydrogen bonding, mechanical properties, and surface morphology of clay/waterborne polyurethane nanocomposites
Authors: Kuan Hsu‐Chiang , Ma Chen‐Chi M. , Chuang Wen‐Ping , Su Hsun‐Yu 
Published: November 2004

AbstractA novel clay/waterborne polyurethane (WPU) nanocomposite was synthesized from polyurethane and saponite organoclay. The clay was organically modified with various swelling agents, the effect of which has been investigated. Hydrogen bonding between organic and inorganic materials was characterized with Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The results implied that hydrogen bonding increased when organoclay was added. Mechanical and wear property studies revealed that introducing clay into waterborne polyurethane will enhance the Young's modulus (from 56 to 126 MPa), the maximum stress (from 3.9 to 7.6 MPa), and the elongation at break (from 27.7 to 58.7%) of the nanocomposite by a factor of two, whereas the wear loss will be only one third of the neat waterborne polyurethane. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to analyze the surface morphology of the nanocomposite. An AFM microphotograph showed that the surface of the clay/waterborne polyurethane nanocomposite was smoother when clay was added in waterborne polyurethane. The average roughness (Ra) decreased from 1.00 to 0.12. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 43: 1–12, 2005
Stress–strain behavior of low‐density polyethylene/poly(methyl methacrylate) blends with modulated interfaces with a hydrogenated polybutadiene‐block‐poly(methyl methacrylate) diblock copolymer
Authors: Harrats C. , Benabdallah T. , Groeninckx G. , Jérôme R. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThe stress–strain diagrams and ultimate tensile properties of uncompatibilized and compatibilized hydrogenated polybutadiene‐block‐poly(methyl methacrylate) (HPB‐b‐PMMA) blends with 20 wt % poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) droplets dispersed in a low‐density polyethylene (LDPE) matrix were studied. The HPB‐b‐PMMA pure diblock copolymer was prepared via controlled living anionic polymerization. Four copolymers, in terms of the molecular weights of the hydrogenated polybutadiene (HPB) and PMMA sequences (22,000–12,000, 63,300–31,700, 49,500–53,500, and 27,700–67,800), were used. We demonstrated with the stress–strain diagrams, in combination with scanning electron microscopy observations of deformed specimens, that the interfacial adhesion had a predominant role in determining the mechanism and extent of blend deformation. The debonding of PMMA particles from the LDPE matrix was clearly observed in the compatibilized blends in which the copolymer was not efficiently located at the interface. The best HPB‐b‐PMMA copolymer, resulting in the maximum improvement of the tensile properties of the compatibilized blend, had a PMMA sequence that was approximately half that of the HPB block. Because of the much higher interactions encountered in the PMMA phase in comparison with those in HPB (LDPE), a shorter sequence of PMMA (with respect to HPB but longer than the critical molecular weight for entanglement) was sufficient to favor a quantitative location of the copolymer at the LDPE/PMMA interface. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 43: 22–34, 2005
Nonisothermal melting and crystallization of polypropylene in model composites: Kinetic analysis
Authors: Grozdanov Anita , Buzarovska Aleksandra , Bogoeva‐Gaceva Gordana , Nedkov Emanuel 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThe kinetics of nonisothermal melting and the crystallization of polypropylene (PP) in polypropylene/carbon‐fiber (C/PP) composites were studied by differential scanning calorimetry with the Nedkov and Atanasov method. Characteristic parameters such as the lamellar thickness, the transport energy through the phase boundary, and the surface free energy were determined and analyzed. In nonisothermal melting, the nucleation effect of carbon fibers was confirmed by decreasing transport energy (79 and 41 kJ/mol for PP and C/PP, respectively) and surface free energy (8 × 10−4 and 7.9 × 10−5 J/m2 for PP and C/PP, respectively). Depending on the carbon‐fiber content, the lamellar thickness changed from 6.7 × 10−9 m to 9.05 × 10−9 m. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 43: 66–73, 2005
Viscoelastic characteristics of plasticized cellulose nanocomposites
Authors: Lee Dai Hoe , Lee Jong Hoon , Cho Mi Sook , Choi Sung Hun , Lee Young Kwan , Nam Jae Do 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThe plasticization effects of cellulose diacetate composite systems including nanoparticles (montmorillonite, MMT) and plasticizers(diethyl phthalate, DEP) were investigated by the time–temperature superposition technique and viscoelastic modeling. Exhibiting the highest modulus value in the glass state, the viscoelastic modulus of the MMT nanocomposite rapidly decreased above the glass‐transition temperature (Tg). The Arrhenius‐type activation energy of pristine cellulose acetate showed the lowest value of activation energy and both DEP‐plasticized and MMT‐reinforced systems exhibited increased values of activation energy. Although the free volume fraction at the Tg decreased with the plasticizer content, it increased with the incorporation of MMT, seemingly preventing the polymer chains from being arranged in an ordered structure. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 43: 59–65, 2005
A study of the disappearance of pesticides during composting using a gas chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry technique
Authors: Garrido Frenich A , González Rodríguez Manuel J , Martínez Vidal José L , Arrebola Francisco J , Hernández Torres María E 
Published: November 2004

AbstractA simple method for multi‐residue analysis of pesticides by low‐pressure gas chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry (LP‐GC‐MS‐MS) has been validated in compost samples. The pesticide residues were extracted from the lyophilised samples with organic solvent by stirring. No sample clean‐up was required prior to the analysis. The method was applied to determine the fate of two organochlorine pesticides (lindane and endosulfan) and two organophosphates (malathion and chlorpyrifos‐methyl) during the composting process in the reactor of a pilot plant. Malathion, chlorpyrifos‐methyl and lindane residues almost fully disappeared after 8 days of maturation in the reactor, while endosulfan residues were only partially degraded. Alongside this, a study of natural disappearance of the pesticides was carried out in the laboratory and a characteristic time profile was traced for each pesticide class. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
Plastic responses of neonatal 5‐hydroxytryptamine1B receptors to 5,7‐dihydroxytryptamine lesions mapped by quantitative autoradiography
Authors: Pranzatelli Michael R. , Durkin Margaret M. , Farmer Michael 
Published: November 2004

AbstractWe previously found different effects on behavior, serotonin (5‐HT) concentrations, 5‐HT uptake sites, and 5‐HT1A binding sites of neonatal 5,7‐dihydroxytryptamine (5,7‐DHT) lesions depending on the route of 5,7‐DHT injection. To study the impact of early lesions on 5‐HT1B sites as putative 5‐HT terminal autoreceptors, we labelled them autoradiographically with [3H]5‐HT 4 months after intraperitoneal (i.p.) or intracisternal (i.c.) 5,7‐DHT injection during the first postnatal week and quantitated specific binding in 22 brain regions. Changes were confined to the subiculum and substantia nigra, regions with the most 5‐HT1B‐specific binding and projection areas of structures with high mRNA expression. Both routes of 5,7‐DHT injection were associated with increases in specific binding in subiculum (24% for i.p. and 47% for i.c. route). In contrast, there was a 32% increase in specific binding in the substantia nigra in rats with lesions made i.c. but not i.p. No significant differences were found in nucleus accumbens, caudate‐putamen or other brain areas. In saturation homogenate binding studies of 5‐HT1B sites using [125I]iodocyanopindolol 1 month after i.p. injections, neonatal 5,7‐DHT lesions did not significantly alter Bmax or Kd in the neocortex, striatum, diencephalon or brainstem. These data indicate the differential effects of the route of neonatal 5,7‐DHT injections on plasticity of 5‐HT1B receptor recognition sites and suggest the presence of a subpopulation of post‐synaptically located 5‐HT1B sites which increases in response to denervation. The data also suggest that sprouting of 5‐HT neurons after neonatal 5,7‐DHT lesions does not involve 5‐HT1B sites.
Localization of the hoxb5 protein in the developing CNS of late gestational mouse embryos
Authors: Sakach M. , Safael R. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractWe cloned a full‐length HoxB5 cDNA from the human neuroblastoma cell line, SHSY5Y, and used it to raise specific antibodies against a divergent domain of its protein. The antibodies then were used to immunolocalize and determine the expression pattern of the HoxB5 homeodomain protein in the late gestational mouse embryos. With particular reference to the structures of the developing nervous system, relatively high levels of the HoxB5 protein were detected in 15‐ and 18‐day‐old gestational mouse embryos. Expression domains were similar in both stages and were limited almost exclusively to the central nervous system. Expression of the HoxB5 protein was found in areas that extended from the rostral medulla oblongata to the caudal parts of the spinal cord. In all regions of the CNS, expression levels were higher in the rostral and ventral regions compared to the caudal and dorsal areas, respectively. These findings suggest that the function of the HoxB5 protein is not limited to the early stages of neural development and extends into later stages as well. These findings suggest also that the HoxB5 protein may play a role in the organization of the neural structures along both of the dorsoventral and craniocaudal axes of the developing fetus in vertebrate species.
Nesting success of hawksbill turtles (Eretmochelys imbricata) on Cousine Island, Seychelles
Authors: Hitchins P. M. , Bourquin O. , Hitchins S. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractNesting hawksbill turtles Eretmochelys imbricata were studied on Cousine Island, Seychelles from 1995 to 1999. Mean overall incubation time averaged 58.1 days. Clutch size did not influence incubation periods. Following hatching, hatchlings took an average of 3.8 days to leave the nest. Mean hatchling emergence time was 60.4 days. Hatching success averaged 64.3% for the four seasons. During 1996–97 there were heavy, unexplained egg losses due to crab predation. Excluding that season, average hatching success was 70.9%. Overall hatchling success was 61.1%, translocated nests having a better success (69.3%) than natural nests (57.7%). Overall egg and hatchling losses were 35.8% and 3.1%, respectively, most egg losses being attributed to ghost crabs Ocypode cordimana (16.3% overall) and unknown causes (17.0% overall), which were mainly non‐viable eggs. The high level of nest manipulation was believed to be justified by increasing the number of hatchlings entering the sea.
Considérations sur la forme et le sens. Pis en français québécois. Une simple variante de puis? Un simple remplaçant de et?
Authors: DOSTIE GAÉTANE 
Published: November 2004

Plusieurs travaux ont été consacrés à ce jour à puis (Chevalier et Molho, 1986; Hansen, 1998; Reyle, 1998; Bras, Le Draoulec et Vieu, 2001). En revanche, à l'exception de quelques études ciblées (Laurendeau, 1982 et 1983; Laks, 1983), pis a généralement été tenu pour une variante dans la prononciation de puis et a rarement été examiné pour lui-même. L'objectif du présent article, consacré à pis dans son usage en français québécois, est double. Il s'agit:– de dégager les spécificités sémantiques du marqueur lorsqu'il est connecteur (propositionnel et textuel). Cela conduit à le situer par rapport à et et à proposer une hypothèse, basée sur l'opposition ‘connecteur associatif/connecteur dissociatif’, susceptible d'expliquer pourquoi les marqueurs en cause se trouvent en distribution complémentaire dans l'oral familier, bien qu'ils expriment tous deux un type de connexion neutre;– d'identifier les sens de pis lorsqu'il est marqueur discursif et de mettre en évidence les liens qui les unissent entre eux, de même que les liens qui les rattachent à l'emploi où le marqueur agit à titre de connecteur.
VIP enhances both pre‐ and postsynaptic GABAergic transmission to hippocampal interneurones leading to increased excitatory synaptic transmission to CA1 pyramidal cells
Authors: Cunha‐Reis Diana , Sebastião Ana M , Wirkner Kerstin , Illes Peter , Ribeiro Joaquim Alexandre 
Published: November 2004

Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) is present in the hippocampus in three subtypes of GABAergic interneurones, two of which innervate preferentially other interneurones, responsible for pyramidal cell inhibition. We investigated how pre‐ and postsynaptic modulation of GABAergic transmission (to both pyramidal cells and interneurones) by VIP could influence excitatory synaptic transmission in the CA1 area of the hippocampus.
VIP (0.1–100 nM) increased [3H]GABA release from hippocampal synaptosomes (maximum effect at 1 nM VIP; 63.8±4.0%) but did not change [3H]glutamate release.
VIP (0.3–30 nM) enhanced synaptic transmission in hippocampal slices (maximum effect at 1 nM VIP; field excitatory postsynaptic potentials (epsp) slope: 23.7±1.1%; population spike amplitude: 20.3±1.7%). The action on field epsp slope was fully dependent on GABAergic transmission since it was absent in the presence of picrotoxin (50 μM) plus CGP55845 (1 μM).
VIP (1 nM) did not change paired‐pulse facilitation but increased paired‐pulse inhibition in CA1 pyramidal cells (16.0±0.9%), reinforcing the involvement of GABAergic transmission in the action of VIP.
VIP (1 nM) increased muscimol‐evoked inhibitory currents by 36.4±8.7% in eight out of ten CA1 interneurones in the stratum radiatum. This suggests that VIP promotes increased inhibition of interneurones that control pyramidal cells, leading to disinhibition of synaptic transmission to pyramidal cell dendrites.
In conclusion, concerted pre‐ and postsynaptic actions of VIP lead to disinhibition of pyramidal cell dendrites causing an enhancement of synaptic transmission.

British Journal of Pharmacology (2004) 143, 733–744. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0705989
Propertius and ‘Coan Philitas’
Authors: Allen Archibald 
Published: November 2004

This is our well received text of Propertius' celebrated address to the shades of Callimachus and Philitas at 3.1.1–2:Callimachi Manes et Coi sacra Philitae,in vestrum, quaeso, me sinite ire nemus.Well received it may be, but scholarly worries and disagreements about the precise meaning of sacra, and indeed about the real purpose of the address, perhaps have diverted editors' eyes from a possible corruption. I would like to suggest that the pairing of ethnic adjective and personal name, Coi and Philitae, in line 1 may not be Propertian.
Eros in government: Zeno and the virtuous city
Authors: Boys-Stones George 
Published: November 2004

According to a report in Athenaeus (Deipnosophistae 561CD), the qualities of Erosled the Stoic Zeno to make him the tutelary god of his ideal state:Pontianus said that Zeno of Citium took Eros to be the god of love and freedom, and even the provider of concord, but nothing else. This is why he said in his Republic that Eros was the god who contributed to the safety of the city.
'Fearless, bloodless … like the gods': Sappho 31 and the rhetoric of ‘godlike’
Authors: Furley William D. 
Published: November 2004

Poem 31 in our collections of Sappho's fragments is so well-known both through the original version, quoted partially by ‘Longinus’ (De sublimitate10.1–3), and through Catullus’ adaptation (no. 51), that it is difficult to achieve sufficient distance from one's preconceptions to permit reappraisal. For the poem has in the modern period elicited such startlingly contradictory responses that one wonders whether we may not all along have been missing, or misconstruing, some point which was obvious enough to Sappho and her listeners.A major source of dissent among modern interpreters of the poem concerns the question of jealousy: is Sappho moved to such convulsions of emotion by jealousy at seeing her beloved girlfriend in intimate colloquy with a man, or is she not? For the situation is, simply put, the following: a man is said to be godlike who sits opposite a certain girl, enjoying her conversation and her laughter. This, says Sappho, makes her boil over with a mixture of passionate emotions. Now one may take these emotions either as a response to the sight of her beloved girlfriend talking to a man (that is, jealousy), or one may refer the emotions described to the love Sappho feels for the girl under ‘normal’ circumstances: the man is simply extraordinarily fortunate (‘like the gods’) in enjoying her affection.
The ‘Bourgeoisie Seconde’: Social Differentiation in the Parisian Municipal Oligarchy in the Sixteenth Century, 1500–1610
Authors: Descimon Robert 
Published: November 2004

Abstract
Today, political or religious movements are not generally considered to have had social origins. However, this study points to a major shift in Parisian society during the sixteenth century. The bourgeoisie, which represented a unified juridical status that transcended any distinctions within the municipal notability (royal officials, liberal professions and wealthy merchants), experienced a radical process of differentiation: the magistrates and financiers tended to base their social position on privileges other than those of the ‘bourgeoisie’. Remaining faithful to the old municipality, those bourgeois who had not yet trodden the path to royal office joined together in a huge protest movement, which culminated in the formation of the Catholic League. The method used to test these hypotheses is the reconstitution of numerous social genealogies, in as complete a fashion as possible, covering the long sixteenth century. One clear conclusion emerges as a result: at the heart of the municipal oligarchy of the years 1500–1610, the incidence of decline is just as significant as a process of social ascent. One cannot establish a direct link between these trends on the one hand, and the political crisis of the Wars of Religion, on the other, but at the very least they determined the context in which the ‘troubles’ were to develop.
‘Half-burnt on an Emergency Pyre‘: Roman Cremations which Went Wrong
Authors: Noy David 
Published: November 2004

In an ideal Roman cremation, the body was carried in procession from the house of the deceased to a place outside the city, where it was burnt on a pyre until it was reduced to bones and ashes (cineres or favilla). The pyre should be built specifically for the deceased; having to use someone else's pyre was a sign of poverty, or an emergency procedure. The cremated remains might be buried where they had been burnt, usually in a ditch which was filled in and covered or marked; in this case the tomb was called a bustum. More usually, the cremation was carried out somewhere other than the final resting place, at a spot designated ustrina in Latin literature. This might be within the same tomb-precinct or columbarium, as in many tombs at Ostia, or at a separate public site. The bones and ashes therefore had to be collected up and placed in a container, preferably a specially made and ornamented one (cinerarium, oss(u)arium, olla, urna), to be placed in the tomb. The force of the fire, the raking and collapse of the pyre during burning, and eventual quenching with cold liquid would together normally be sufficient to reduce the bones to small fragments which would fit easily into the container. This sort of burial of the remains is assumed in such wishes for the dead as:I pray that you rest quiet and safe in the urn, bones,And that the earth is not burdensome to your ashes.