bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advancements in sensors and actuators technologies for smart cities: a comprehensive review
Authors: Arshi Oroos , Mondal Surajit 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe creation of smart cities has benefited greatly from the quick advancement of sensor and actuator technology. The basis of data-driven urban environments is supported by these technologies, which seamlessly connect with the Internet of Things (IoT). This in-depth review paper explores the crucial part that sensors and actuators play in the development of smart cities, covering important topics such as technological kinds, data security, regulatory frameworks, and future possibilities. The review begins by explaining the importance of sensors and actuators in the Internet of Things (IoT) connections that serve as the framework for smart cities. Additionally, it sheds light on the wide range of sensors designed for different IoT applications as well as the variables affecting their service life, highlighting how crucial precision and durability are. Actuators are examined in detail to clarify how it might be used to create smarter cities. Actuators are the dynamic counterparts of sensors. This review discusses data security in big data exchange among actuators, legal foundations for smart city development, and key elements for creating a smart city. It highlights the benefits of advanced actuator technology and sensor integration, and emerging trends like AI-driven urban management and blockchain-enhanced data security. The paper serves as a guide for researchers, policymakers, and urban planners. The graphical abstract below illustrates the multifaceted advancements in sensor and actuator technologies, showcasing their pivotal role in shaping smarter, more sustainable cities.
Graphical Abstract
Violent Experiences Suffered by Pre-Hospital Healthcare Workers During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Yilmaz Sarper , Çoban Gizem Sebahat , Çolak Figen Ünal , Hökenek Nihat Müjdat , Ak Rohat 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Objective:
This work was carried out to determine the causes of violence against Prehospital Emergency Medical Services Personnel (PHEMSP) who performed their duties without any special security measures during the COVID-19 pandemic, and who were subjected to violence because of their work.

Method:
The approach of this research is in accordance with case study design, which is concerned with the examination of unique cases. For this study, a volunteer announcement was made on social media for PHEMSPs from 3 different branches (Emergency Medical Technicians or EMTs, paramedics, and doctors) who had been actively working in ambulances during the transportation of COVID-19 patients throughout the pandemic, and who had declared that they were subjected to verbal abuse or physical violence. The data was collected through structured interviews from 60 voluntary participants.

Results:
As a result of the analysis of the data, 3 main themes were revealed as the source of violence that PHEMSPs had been exposed to during the pandemic. They are the following: (1) violence caused by the nature of the disease, (2) violence caused by society, and (3) violence caused by working areas and systems. The reasons which created these themes, were accepted as codes. The codes that arose due to the theme of (1) violence caused by the nature of the disease were ‘the fear of contagion,’ ‘the requirement for disinfection,’ and ‘triage problems,’ which caused both verbal abuse and physical violence. In addition to these codes, the code of ‘stigma’ due to protective equipment was found only to elicit verbal abuse. The codes for the theme (2) ‘violence caused by society,’ were determined as societal perceptions regarding high wages, attempts to misuse health services, and distrust. All 3 of these codes were found to evoke both verbal abuse and physical violence. The codes for the theme (3) ‘violence caused by working areas and systems,’ included team mismatch in PHEMSPs, resignation ban, and long working hours, as well as mismatch between in-hospital HCWs and PHEMSPs, mobbing, feeling unsupported, and gender disadvantage. It has been revealed among these codes that only the team mismatch in PHEMSPs caused both verbal abuse and physical violence, while all the others only lead to verbal abuse.

Conclusion:
If a 0 tolerance for ‘violence in the healthcare system’ is to be targeted, it should start in the pre-hospital phase and with all PHEMSPs, since this is the 0 point where the healthcare system, and patients first meet. Additionally, this group should be considered a vulnerable group for workplace violence (WPV), especially due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Today, tomorrow, and then forever: Exploring how workflow experience is sustained from a work–home perspective
Authors: Feng Xingyu , Han Ping 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis study explores how employees’ flow experience at work emerges, is sustained, and continuously grows over time. Based on the job demand-resource model, we propose the intraday upward spiral of flow: Challenging demands and job resources activate employees’ flow experience, further encouraging them to seek more challenges and resources. Furthermore, drawing on the perseverative cognition theory and spill-crossover model, we propose the inter-day upward spiral of flow: The antecedents (or consequences) of flow can overflow from work to the family domain and result in employees’ positive rumination, thus promoting the next-day flow experience. Our diary study generated 1,208 data points from 142 employees over 10 working days. We found that in the morning, challenging demands and job resources positively affected the participants’ flow, further encouraging them to pursue more challenging demands and job resources in the afternoon and thus enter this state again. Moreover, the afternoon’s challenging demands and job resources promoted the respondents’ problem-solving pondering at night, which further increased their next-morning challenging demands, job resources, and, thus, their flow. Through this study, we expand the emerging literature on positive organizational behavior and provide information for practitioners on how to build and sustain employees’ peak states.
ON THE PROMISES AND PERILS OF SMITHIAN GROWTH: FROM PIN FACTORY TO AI
Authors: Miller Marcus 
Published: November 2023

AbstractFor path-breaking insights on how prices can guide the efficient allocation of resources and how innovation and investment can spur economic growth, Adam Smith is justly renowned. He was, however, well aware of problems posed by market dominance—specifically in banking and, more generally, wherever getting to the scale that delivers increasing returns leads to monopolistic behaviour. For the historical record, we draw on the recent wide-ranging survey by Acemoglu and Johnson on how the benefits of innovation have been spread across society since the Industrial Revolution. We also consider these issues in the context of geo-political competition.
Long-term diagnostic stability, predictors of diagnostic change, and time until diagnostic change of first-episode psychosis: a 21-year follow-up study
Authors: Peralta David , Janda Lucía , García de Jalón Elena , Moreno-Izco Lucía , Sánchez-Torres Ana M. , Cuesta Manuel J. , Peralta Victor ,   SEGPEPs Group
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundAlthough diagnostic instability in first-episode psychosis (FEP) is of major concern, little is known about its determinants. This very long-term follow-up study aimed to examine the diagnostic stability of FEP diagnoses, the baseline predictors of diagnostic change and the timing of diagnostic change.MethodsThis was a longitudinal and naturalistic study of 243 subjects with FEP who were assessed at baseline and reassessed after a mean follow-up of 21 years. The diagnostic stability of DSM-5 psychotic disorders was examined using prospective and retrospective consistencies, logistic regression was used to establish the predictors of diagnostic change, and survival analysis was used to compare time to diagnostic change across diagnostic categories.ResultsThe overall diagnostic stability was 47.7%. Schizophrenia and bipolar disorder were the most stable diagnoses, with other categories having low stability. Predictors of diagnostic change to schizophrenia included a family history of schizophrenia, obstetric complications, developmental delay, poor premorbid functioning in several domains, long duration of untreated continuous psychosis, spontaneous dyskinesia, lack of psychosocial stressors, longer duration of index admission, and poor early treatment response. Most of these variables also predicted diagnostic change to bipolar disorder but in the opposite direction and with lesser effect sizes. There were no significant differences between specific diagnoses regarding time to diagnostic change. At 10-year follow-up, around 80% of the diagnoses had changed.ConclusionsFEP diagnoses other than schizophrenia or bipolar disorder should be considered as provisional. Considering baseline predictors of diagnostic change may help to enhance diagnostic accuracy and guide therapeutic interventions.
Component Assessment of the Electric Transmission Grid to Hurricanes
Authors: Schumann Zachary D. , Chini Christopher M. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe increased frequency and intensity of extreme weather events from climate change necessitates understanding impacts on critical infrastructure, particularly electrical transmission grids. One of the foundational concepts of a grid's resilience is its robustness to extreme weather events, such as hurricanes. Resilience of the electric grid to high wind speeds is predicated upon the location and physical characteristics of the system components. Previous modeling assessments of electric grid failure were done at the systems level with assumptions on location and type of specific components. To facilitate more explicit adaptation metrics, accurate component‐level information is needed. In this study, we build and utilize a data set of location, physical characteristics, and age of transmission structures for nine counties in the Florida Panhandle. These component characteristics were then simulated for failure under a variety of scenarios using fragility curves. Eight hurricanes were modeled using Hazus from the Federal Emergency Management Administration and the resulting impact to the network was assessed. The network was generated using the transmission lines and towers, showing increasing impacts to network efficiency with larger storms. Although modern transmission structures are built under the more stringent extreme wind loading construction standards, the prevalence of older, wooden transmission structures throughout the region poses a substantial risk to reliable electricity transmission during tropical cyclone events from the Gulf of Mexico.
Evaluation of Dynamically Downscaled CMIP6‐CCAM Models Over Australia
Authors: Chapman Sarah , Syktus Jozef , Trancoso Ralph , Thatcher Marcus , Toombs Nathan , Wong Kenneth Koon‐Ho , Takbash Alicia 
Published: November 2023

AbstractHigh‐resolution climate change projections are increasingly necessary to inform climate policy and adaptation planning. Downscaling of global climate models (GCMs) is required to simulate the climate at the spatial scale relevant for local impacts. Here, we dynamically downscaled 15 CMIP6 GCMs to a 10 km resolution over Australia using the Conformal Cubic Atmospheric model (CCAM), creating the largest ensemble of high‐resolution downscaled CMIP6 projections for Australia. We compared the host CMIP6 models and downscaled simulations to the Australian Gridded Climate Data (AGCD) observational data and evaluated performance using the Kling‐Gupta efficiency and Perkins skill score. Downscaling improved performance over host GCMs for seasonal temperature and precipitation (10% and 43% respectively), and for annual cycles of temperature and precipitation (6% and 13% respectively). Downscaling also improved the fraction of dry days, reducing the bias for too many low‐rain days. The largest improvements were found in climate extremes, with enhancements to extreme minimum temperatures in all seasons varying from 142% to 201%, and to extreme precipitation of 52% in Austral winter and 47% in summer. The ensemble average integrated skill score improved by 16%. Temperature and precipitation biases were reduced in mountainous and coastal areas. CCAM downscaling outperformed host CMIP6 GCMs at multiple spatial scales and regions—continental Australia, Australian IPCC regions and Queensland's regions—with integrated added value ranging from 9% to 150% and higher over densely populated regions more exposed to climate impacts. This data set will be a valuable resource for understanding future climate changes in Australia.
Uplift Dynamics of the Obducted Northeastern Continental Margin of the Arabian Peninsula, Sultanate of Oman
Authors: Pavlopoulos Kosmas , Moraetis Daniel , Foumelis Michael , Scharf Andreas , Mattern Frank , Forman Steven , Papageorgiou Elena , de Gelder Gino 
Published: November 2023

AbstractEustatic sea level changes and vertical tectonic movements are producing uplifted paleoshorelines. Along subduction zones, uplifted terraces are used to study fault activities and, overall, allow to interpret the tectonic history of plate convergence. Northeastern Oman is experiencing plate convergence following the late Cretaceous obduction of the Semail Ophiolite. Post‐obduction shallow‐marine carbonates have been uplifted to different elevations from 133 to >2,000 m. The present study employs a multidisciplinary approach to elucidate the variability in relief and to introduce a geodynamic model that extends beyond the temporal constraints imposed by the late Quaternary age of the sediments found on the uplifted terraces. Stratigraphic and fault analyses produced a post‐obductional geodynamic model to advance the existing regional models in the framework of the subduction of the Arabian Plate in the Makran Zone. In addition, we rely on imaging geodesy, geomorphology and dating to explain the late Quaternary uplift scenario. Overall, analyses of geomorphology, stratigraphy, and fault patterns reveal spatially heterogeneous post‐late Cretaceous uplift in the region. Compartmentalization by major faults created individual blocks and relief variability. Within the timeframe of marine terrace formation (late Quaternary), we also observed spatially varied displacements. Ground displacements by Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar document an ongoing spatial heterogenous uplift at approximately 1.3 mm/a. Finally, temporal variability was evident during the late Quaternary by unusually high late Pleistocene (<40 ka) uplift rates averaging ≥2 mm/a in younger terraces, while for older terraces (>40 ka) the uplift rate is distinctly lower (<1 mm/a).
Retrieving Precipitable Water Vapor Over Land From Satellite Passive Microwave Radiometer Measurements Using Automated Machine Learning
Authors: Xia Xinran , Fu Disong , Shao Wei , Jiang Rubin , Wu Shengli , Zhang Peng , Yang Dazhi , Xia Xiangao 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAccurately retrieving precipitable water vapor (PWV) over wide‐area land surface remains challenging. Unlike passive infrared remote sensing, passive microwave (PMW) remote sensing provides almost all‐weather PWV retrievals. This study develops a PMW‐based land PWV retrieval algorithm using automated Machine learning (ML) (AutoML). Data from the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer 2 serve as the main predictor variables and high‐quality Global Positioning System (GPS) PWV data as the target variable. Unprecedentedly large GPS training samples (over 50 million) from more than 12,000 stations worldwide are used to train the AutoML model. New predictors with clear physical mechanisms enable PWV retrieval over almost any land surface type, including snow cover and near open water. Validation shows good agreement between PWV retrievals and ground observations, with a root mean square error of 3.1 mm. This encouraging outcome highlights the potential of the algorithm for application with other PMW radiometers with similar wavelengths.
A New Event‐Based Error Decomposition Scheme for Satellite Precipitation Products
Authors: Li Runze , Guilloteau Clement , Kirstetter Pierre‐Emmanuel , Foufoula‐Georgiou Efi 
Published: November 2023

AbstractUnderstanding the nature and origin of errors in satellite precipitation products is important for applications and product improvement. Here we propose a new error decomposition scheme incorporating precipitation event (continuous rainy periods) information to characterize satellite errors. Under this framework, the errors are attributed to the inaccuracies in event occurrence, timing (event start/end time), and intensity. The Integrated MultisatellitE Retrieval for Global Precipitation Measurement (IMERG) is used as our test product to apply the method over CONUS. The above‐listed factors contribute approximately 30%, 20%, and 50% to the total bias, respectively. Significant asymmetry exists in the temporal distribution of biases throughout events: early event endings cause threefold more precipitation amount bias than late event beginnings, while early event beginnings cause fourfold more bias than late event endings. Dominant contributors vary across seasons and regions. The proposed error decomposition provides insight into sources of error for improved retrievals.
Robust Susceptibility of Cloud Cover and Radiative Effects to Biases in Retrieved Droplet Concentrations
Authors: Wang Yichuan , Zhu Yannian , Wang Minghuai , Cao Yang , Rosenfeld Daniel 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe quantification of cloud droplet number concentration (Nd) is essential in gaining insights into the aerosol‐cloud interactions (ACI), contributing to the most significant source of anthropogenic climate forcing uncertainty. This study compared the retrieved Nd from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) at pixel and scene levels and analyzed the changes in the susceptibility of cloud albedo (CA), cloud fraction (CF), and cloud radiative effect (CRE) to Nd. The results show that the differences between the pixel‐level cloud products from VIIRS and MODIS are caused by a combination of factors including cloud detectability, spatial resolution, and wavelengths of channels. As cloud top inhomogeneity increases, the differences become more significant. This deviation finally results in VIIRS achieving a global average of 40% higher Nd than MODIS. Although the non‐systematic differences cause an inevitable variability in the dependence of CA, CF, and CRE on Nd, the strong susceptibilities of these cloud properties to Nd are similar for both VIIRS and MODIS. This study found minimal impact on the susceptibilities, whether using the average Nd or that of the top 10% reflective clouds. This study further supports the conclusion that cloud cover and radiative effect are highly susceptible to variations in Nd, which can reduce uncertainty when evaluating the cooling effect of ACI in the context of global warming.
The Zircon Story of the Niger River: Time‐Structure Maps of the West African Craton and Discontinuous Propagation of Provenance Signals Across a Disconnected Sediment‐Routing System
Authors: Pastore Guido , Garzanti Eduardo , Vermeesch Pieter , Bayon Germain , Resentini Alberto , Braquet Nadine , Overare Brume 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe Niger River drains a large part of the West African Craton, where rocks ranging in age from Paleoarchean to recent offer an unexcelled opportunity to map the diverse time structures of sediment sources and provide essential information for provenance diagnoses. In this study, U‐Pb zircon dating is complemented with bulk‐sand geochemical (Zr, Hf, REE) and Nd‐Hf isotope data to pin‐point parent rocks of zircon grains and draw inferences on sediment generation across sub‐Saharan western Africa. In Upper Niger sand, zircon ages pass from exclusively Archean in Guinea headwaters to dominantly Paleoproterozoic in the Inner Delta in Mali, testifying to the progressive dilution by tributary sediment derived from the Birimian domain. Zircon ages abruptly change to dominantly Neoproterozoic downstream of the Inner Delta, becoming indistinguishable from those in Saharan eolian dunes across the Sahel. Most of the sediment generated in the headwaters is thus dumped in the marshlands and bedload is reconstituted downstream by recycling eolian sand. Zircon grains in the Lower Niger yielded virtually the same U‐Pb ages as in Benue sediment, indicating an overwhelming supply from the Benue tributary. In the Niger Delta, however, Archean zircons reappear, and both εNd and εHf values become notably more negative, indicating extensive reworking of sand deposited along the coastal plain at earlier times of wetter climate, when artificial barriers to the sediment flux did not exist in the upper to middle Niger River catchment.
Inhibition of PDGFRβ alleviates endothelial cell apoptotic injury caused by DRP-1 overexpression and mitochondria fusion failure after mitophagy
Authors: An Xiaohong , Ma Xiao , Liu Heng , Song Jing , Wei Tiange , Zhang Rongzhan , Zhan Xiao , Li Hongyang , Zhou Jia 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Kawasaki disease (KD), described as “mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome”, affects infants and toddlers. Patients with KD suffer from an inflammatory cascade leading to vasculitis with a predilection for coronary arteries. While the symptoms and pathogenesis of KD have received more and more attention, the precise mechanisms are still debated. Researches show that endothelial dysfunction process in KD leads to arterial damage and affect clinical outcome. In this study, we constructed a Candida albicans water soluble fraction (CAWS)-induced KD murine model and penetrated investigating the mechanisms behind endothelial dysfunction. CAWS-induced mice presented remarkably elevated vascular endothelial cell growth factor (VEGF) levels. Abundant expression of VEGF was documented in all vessels that showed edema from acute KD. It has been reported that Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) co-expression normalizes VEGF-induced aberrant angiogenesis. Hyperexpression of PDGFRβ was induced in the thickened medial layer and vascular endothelium of KD mice. Masitinib (Mas) is an oral tyrosine kinase inhibitor of numerous targets, which can selectively target PDGFR signaling. We set out to explore whether Mas could regulate coronary pathology in KD. Mas administration significantly reduced the VEGF-induced endothelial cells migration. NOX4 was activated in vascular endothelial cells to produce more ROS. Mitochondrial dysregulated fission and mitophagy caused by DRP-1 overexpression precipitated the arterial endothelial cells injury. Here, mitophagy seemed to work as the driving force of DRP-1/Bak/BNIP3-dependent endothelial cells apoptosis. In summary, how mitophagy is regulated by DRP-1 under pathologic status is critical and complex, which may contribute to the development of specific therapeutic interventions in cardiovascular diseases patients, for example Masatinib, the inhibitor of PDGFRβ.

Facts and questions

Kawasaki disease causing systemic vasculitis, affects infants and toddlers.

Coronary artery injury remains the major causes of morbidity and mortality.

DRP-1 overexpression induces DRP-1/Bak/BNIP3-dependent endothelial cells apoptosis.

PDGFRβ was high-expressed in the thickened medial layer of CAWS-induced KD mice.

Inhibition of PDGFRβ signaling alleviates arterial endothelial cells injury.